bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Acid Compositions Application in High-Temperature Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors:   PermNIPIneft branch of LUKOIL-Engineering LLC in Perm, Andreev Konstantin V.
Published: April 2021

The use of hydrochloric acid treatment goes back a century. For the first time the company “Ohio Oil” applied acid for formation stimulation in 1895, and the patent for acidizing limestone was obtained by the company "Standard Oil". However, with a significant increase in production volumes, it turned out that acid solutions caused very strong corrosion of downhole equipment. Therefore, the hydrochloric acid treatment method had not been used for 30 years. The discovery by John Grib of “Dow Chemical” in 1931 – slowing down the effect of hydrochloric acid on the metal with arsenic – made it possible to return to this method, and three years later “Halliburton Oil Well Cementing” began to practice acidizing on an industrial scale. As the analysis of the field material has shown, there are many technologies with the use of modified acids intended for acidizing, which are characterized by a high degree of success. Nevertheless, according to the estimates of different authors, the treatments success varies in the range from 60 to 80%, and for repeated treatments – less than 50 %. The urgency degree of the problems associated with acid treatment of the bottomhole formation zone and the tendencies of its development was investigated. Analysis of patent information according to the International Patent Classification for 17 years (from 1997 to 2013 inclusive) for Russian patents and for 15 years (from 1999 to 2013 inclusive) – for American ones showed stable activity of Russian organizations, while foreign organizations showed in this respect a significant growth of interests and achievements. Foreign experts mainly investigated the modeling of acid treatment [6–11], while Russian specialists were more inclined towards service support of acid treatment. It was revealed that there were no methods for calculating the risks of falling out of heavy oil components during acid treatment, depending on the geological and physical conditions of the target.
Glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes during inpatient treatment for acute myocardial infarction: impact on prognosis
Authors: Korotina M. A. , Pochinka I. G. , Frolov A. A. , Botova S. N. , Strongin L. G.
Published: April 2021

Aim. To investigate the relationship between abnormal glycemia levels during inpatient treatment for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and long-term prognosis.

Material and methods. The single-center cohort study included patients with AMI and concomitant T2D who were hospitalized consecutively for 200 days. A total of 237 patients were included. The median number of blood glucose measurements during hospitalization was 15 [8; 20] times. Long-term outcome was estimated at 365 days after hospitalization.

Results. The first glycemic value on admission was 13,6±5,9, while the average glycemia during hospitalization was 10,0±3,5 mmol/L. Within 12 follow-up period, 53 deaths were recorded. It was found that exceeding the glycemic threshold of 10,0 mmol/L in more than 45% of measurements during hospitalization was associated with a 3-fold increase in the risk of an unfavorable outcome within 12 months. Predictors of poor glycemic control are insulin therapy before MI and blood glucose at admission >12,1 mmol/L.

Conclusion. Poor glycemic control (>45% of glucose measurements above the threshold of 10,0 mmol/L) during hospitalization for AMI in patients with T2D is associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death and during the next 12 months, including in patients who underwent endovascular treatment.
Carbohydrate metabolism disorders in patients with heart failure: data from the local registry
Authors: Vaisberg A. R. , Tarlovskaya E. I. , Fomin I. V. , Polyakov D. S. , Omarova Yu. V.
Published: April 2021

Aim. To study the prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in patients with heart failure (HF) hospitalized in the city HF center.

Material and methods. According to the local registry, the study sequentially included 183 patients (99 men and 84 women) hospitalized in the Nizhny Novgorod city HF center from September 1, 2019. The examination and treatment were carried out in accordance with the current clinical guidelines. In the first 48 hours after hospitalization, the concentration of the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, soluble stimulating growth factor 2 (sST2), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, cystatin C, blood creatinine was determined. The glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the СKDEPI equation. To assess the carbohydrate metabolism disorders, all patients were studied for fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fructosamine. Statistical data processing was carried out using the R statistics package (R Core Team (2019)).

Results. The incidence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders among patients withdecompensated HF was 75,89%, including previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes in 31,25%, newly diagnosed dysglycemia in 44,64% of patients. Less than one fourth of patients had normal parameters of carbohydrate metabolism according to HbA1c, fructosamine and fasting plasma glucose. The severity of carbohydrate metabolism disorders was significantly correlated with the severity of HF according to the following criteria: 6-minute walk test, HF functional class, sST2 level, and some parameters of cardiac remodeling. Among the criteria used for carbohydrate metabolism disorders, the HbA1c level was most closely associated with the criteria for HF severity.

Conclusion. Carbohydrate metabolism disorders in HF patients are widespread and underdiagnosed during routine examination. The interrelation of carbohydrate metabolism parameters and indicators of HF severity is rationale for active detection of dysglycemia in these patients in order to potentially influence the prognosis.
The Apocalypse of John: the architectural symbolism of visual exegesis
Authors: Vaneyan S. S.
Published: April 2021

A hermeneutic literary criticism of the last text of the New Testament canon can be complemented by an architectural criticism of metaphorical and rhetorical structures and plots, presented as an ultimate resolution to fundamental problems, posed both by the kerigma and by the Hellinised religious experience of the Old Testament (apocalyptic and epistolary genres). The text of the Revelation has staging structures that imply its performative reading, and suggested radical eschatological ways of resolving conflicts allow for equally radical exegetic methods, with a feminist orientation, for example. Analytical metaphors that we have employed, taken from the arsenal of art history, such as ‘polyptich’ or ‘non-figurative painting’, prompt us to use an experimental paradigm of diagrammatics: a visualization of compositional schemata as the equivalents of a cognitive apparatus. The hearer/reader has the opportunity to set off on an eschatological journey with the author of the Revelation but also to have an epistemological walk with its exegetes and commentators.
Sobre Aprender Matemática com a Arte, ou Matemática e Arte e Visualidade em Experiência na Escola
Authors: Flores Cláudia Regina , Kerscher Mônica Maria
Published: April 2021

Resumo Este artigo problematiza o aprender Matemática pela e com a Arte. Parte-se de questionamentos, entre eles: Como não representar a Matemática na Arte, nem instrumentalizar a Educação Matemática, mas fazer disso uma experiência filosófica com Arte e com visualidade? Sem pretensão de respostas, e com uma atitude analítica, faz-se um sobrevoo pelo solo que envolve Matemática e Arte para aprender, e assim produzir conhecimento sobre as conexões entre Matemática e Arte que agenciam tipos de aprendizagem. Disso, destaca-se certo ritmo dado a essa temática em Educação Matemática, demarcando uma matriz predominante acerca do aprender Matemática pela Arte. Depois, num descompasso, apresentam-se conexões entre Matemática e Arte, a partir de uma perspectiva crítica da aprendizagem, da visualidade e da metodologia do caminhar, tomando como exemplo pesquisas que apresentam que isso pode ser elaborado por múltiplas maneiras, incluindo relações diversas entre a imagem e a Arte e o visual e a Matemática e os exercícios de pensamentos. Por fim, sem ser modelo, mas obra em processo, coloca-se em estado de travessia com Matemática e Arte e visualidade, em que aprender se torna acontecimento e trans-formação.
Invenções robóticas para o Tratamento de Parkinson: pensamento computacional e formação matemática
Authors: Azevedo Greiton Toledo de , Maltempi Marcus Vinicius
Published: April 2021

Resumo Nosso objetivo é identificar e analisar as características do Pensamento Computacional para a formação matemática de estudantes ao longo da produção de jogos digitais e dispositivos robóticos destinados ao tratamento de sintomas da doença de Parkinson. Norteados pela metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa, a produção de dados foi realizada com alunos do Ensino Médio do IF-Goiano, em Ipameri (GO), e no Hospital Dia do Idoso, em Anápolis. O cenário formativo de pesquisa foi criado como lugar para vivenciar experiências em Matemática como modo de vida e não como ação mecânica e formalismos, que tendem a minar a forma de pensar e inventar do próprio aluno em relação aos conhecimentos matemáticos e computacionais mobilizados. No lugar de definição-exemplo-exercícios-respostas, valoriza-se a compreensão-invenção-resultados de Matemática e suas tecnologias. A hierarquia procedimental conteúdo-exemplo-exercícios é rompida nessa concepção, dando lugar à investigação e à invenção científico-tecnológica ao Parkinson. Os dados produzidos foram analisados a partir de elementos do Pensamento Computacional mobilizados durante a produção do jogo e do dispositivo robótico. Os resultados obtidos indicam características do Pensamento Computacional que se integram à formação em Matemática: algoritmo, reconhecimento de padrões, decomposição e abstração, a partir das invenções científico-tecnológicas destinadas ao tratamento e ao bem-estar de pacientes acometidos.
Os Desafios da Abordagem Exploratória no Ensino da Matemática: aprendizagens de duas futuras professoras através do estudo de aula
Authors: Martins Micaela , Mata-Pereira Joana , Ponte João Pedro da
Published: April 2021

Resumo Este artigo tem por base um estudo de aula realizado com duas futuras professoras de Matemática do 7° ano de escolaridade. O objetivo é compreender as aprendizagens das futuras professoras num estudo de aula no que se refere à familiarização com a abordagem exploratória, nomeadamente em relação à preparação, condução e reflexão sobre os momentos da aula. A metodologia segue uma abordagem qualitativa e interpretativa e a recolha de dados inclui notas resultantes de observação participante, transcrições das áudio-gravações das sessões do estudo de aula e das entrevistas (iniciais e finais) com as futuras professoras, assim como todos os documentos produzidos e analisados durante as sessões. Os resultados mostram que, apesar de inicialmente preparar uma aula exploratória ter sido difícil para as futuras professoras, as discussões e partilha de ideias durante as sessões permitiram que compreendessem em que consiste uma aula desta natureza. As aprendizagens mais significativas registraram-se ao nível da preparação dos momentos da aula, especialmente na antecipação das dificuldades dos alunos e na preparação das intervenções do professor, e ainda na compreensão da importância que as discussões coletivas assumem na aula de Matemática.
Los modelos de enseñanza de los problemas de aligación en las enciclopedias escolares españolas
Authors: Santágueda-Villanueva María , Gómez Bernardo
Published: April 2021

Resumen Los problemas de aligación forman parte de las matemáticas desde épocas antiguas. Actualmente, han perdido interés educativo, aunque siguen presentes en los temas de álgebra y en la vida diaria. En este trabajo, presentamos el modelo de enseñanza de estos problemas en las enciclopedias escolares que estuvieron vigentes desde los años veinte hasta los años setenta del pasado siglo. Para poder caracterizar el modelo de enseñanza nos fijamos en los aspectos contextuales, los estructurales, los procedimentales y los organizativos de los problemas de aligación. Realizamos una clasificación de los tipos de problemas, de los contextos utilizados, de los métodos de resolución que se utilizaban y cómo se organizaban las lecciones.
Vivências de pessoas idosas que moram sozinhas: arranjos, escolhas e desafios
Authors: Almeida Priscilla Kelly Pereira de , Sena Rômulo Mágnus de Castro , Pessoa Júnior João Mário , Dantas Juliana Leilany de Lima , Trigueiro Jaira Gonçalves , Nascimento Ellany Gurgel Cosme do
Published: April 2021

Resumo Objetivo analisar relatos da vivência de pessoas idosas acerca de morarem sozinhos. Método clínico-qualitativo realizado junto a 18 pessoas idosas em uma cidade do interior do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, no período de setembro a dezembro de 2016. Na coleta de dados, realizou-se entrevista semidirigida com questões abertas, observação livre e auto-observação, simultaneamente. O material produzido foi analisado através da técnica qualitativa de análise de conteúdo descritas por Turato. Resultado Elaboraram-se quatro categorias, a saber: 1) Venturas e Desventuras de morar sozinho: escolhas ou imposições? 2) Redefinição de arranjos familiares: qual o lugar do idoso? 3) Sociabilidade e cuidados com a saúde: estratégias de enfrentamento da solidão? e 4) Desejo de transcendência e exercício da espiritualidade: mecanismos de resiliência? Mediante as categorias, identificaram-se sentimentos e vivências das pessoas idosas sobre morarem sozinhos, como acontece as relações familiares, além das perspectivas de cuidados que cultivam, as possíveis situações de necessidades ou dependência. Conclusão as experiências de morar sozinho para a pessoa idosa refletem diretamente as adaptações e desafios que permeiam o processo de envelhecimento, seja na realização de escolhas individuais, na conjugação das relações familiares, na tessitura cotidiana de sociabilidade e convívio interpessoal, ou mesmo na produção intersubjetiva do cuidado de si. Entende-se a necessidade de uma maior atenção e sensibilidade por parte dos profissionais e serviços de saúde a esse grupo, reconhecendo seus sentimentos, percepções e experiências como elemento estratégico para a garantia do atendimento psicossocial à pessoa idosa.
Capacidade de avaliação de testes de desempenho físico para identificar baixa massa muscular em mulheres de meia-idade e idosas
Authors: Dantas Letícia Amanda dos Santos , Fernandes Sabrina Gabrielle Gomes , Vieira Mariana Carmem Apolinário , Maciel Álvaro Campos Cavalcanti , Câmara Saionara Maria Aires da
Published: April 2021

Resumo Objetivo Verificar a capacidade de avaliação de testes de desempenho físico na identificação da baixa massa muscular (MM) em mulheres de meia-idade e idosas. Método Estudo transversal realizado com 540 mulheres de meia-idade (40-59 anos) e idosas (≥60 anos), nos municípios de Parnamirim e Santa Cruz, no Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Foram avaliadas MM, força de preensão palmar, extensão de joelho e velocidade da marcha. A baixa MM foi definida pelo índice de massa muscular esquelética menor que os 20% mais baixos para cada grupo de idade. Foram utilizados os testes: t de Student, qui-quadrado, análise de curva ROC para calcular a área sob a curva e ponto de corte de cada teste na discriminação das participantes com baixa MM. Foi considerado p<0,05 e IC de 95%. Resultados Para o grupo de meia-idade, as forças de preensão palmar e de extensão do joelho apresentaram sensibilidade (71,6% e 72,5%, respectivamente) e especificidade (59,4% e 56,0%, respectivamente) moderadas na identificação de baixa MM. Para as idosas, a velocidade da marcha e a força de preensão manual apresentaram boa sensibilidade (77,8% e 81,6%, respectivamente) e especificidade moderada (51,4% e 64,5%, respectivamente). A capacidade discriminatória da velocidade da marcha para as mulheres de meia-idade e da força de extensão do joelho para as mulheres idosas foi insatisfatória. Conclusão As medidas de força muscular são úteis para a triagem de baixa MM em mulheres de meia-idade, enquanto os testes de força de preensão manual e velocidade de marcha são úteis para idosas.
YIELD AND QUALITY OF PASSION FRUIT UNDER ORGANIC CULTIVATION WITH INPUT LEVELS AND IRRIGATION IN THE STATE OF ACRE
Authors: UCHOA THAYS LEMOS , ARAÚJO NETO SEBASTIÃO ELVIRO DE , FRANCISCO WAGNER DE MOURA , SOUZA LUÍS GUSTAVO DE SOUZA E , SILVA NILCILÉIA MENDES DA
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT The use of organic fertilizers can improve the chemical, physical, and biological properties of the soil, with their use implying low environmental impact. This study aimed to evaluate the yield and quality of yellow passion fruit grown in an organic system associated with irrigation and input levels. A randomized complete block design in a 3x2 factorial arrangement with four replications was adopted. The factors evaluated were: three input levels (fertilizers and alternative pesticides) and the presence or absence of irrigation. Fertilization consisted of the application of 5, 10, and 15 liters of organic compost per plant and 500, 1,000, and 1,500 g of lime per plant, corresponding to input levels 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Topdressing fertilization was split into two applications, corresponding to 118, 235, and 353 g per plant of thermophosphate and 59.1, 118.20, and 176.40 g per plant of potassium sulfate for levels 1, 2, and 3 of input application, respectively. The alternative pesticides were sprayed every 30, 15, and 7 days for levels 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The number of fruits per plant and the yield increased using the input level 3 associated with irrigation. In the absence of irrigation, input levels 2 and 3 increased the content of soluble solids. The titratable acidity, TSS/TTA ratio, and the fruits classified as extra did not differ significantly between treatments. Input levels 1 and 2 associated with the absence of irrigation increased the percentage of fruits classified as commercial.
IRRIGATION WITH SALINE WATER AND SILICATE FERTILIZATION IN THE CULTIVATION OF ‘GIGANTE AMARELO’ PASSION FRUIT1 2
Authors: DINIZ GENILSON LIMA , NOBRE REGINALDO GOMES , LIMA GEOVANI SOARES DE , SOARES LAURIANE ALMEIDA DOS ANJOS , GHEYI HANS RAJ
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT The Brazilian Northeast region suffers from some abiotic stresses that are responsible for the loss of agricultural production, such as long drought periods and high evapotranspiration, associated with the quality of the water, which induces the use of saline water as an alternative for the expansion of irrigated areas, and silicate fertilization contributes to reduce the effects of salinity under the Northeastern semi -arid conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the osmotic potential and physiological indices of yellow passion fruit seedlings under irrigation water salinity and silicate fertilization. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions at the Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal -PB, Brazil, in a randomized block design in a 5 x 5 factorial scheme, relative to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.3; 1.0; 1.7; 2.4 and 3.1 dS m-1) and five doses of silicate fertilization (0; 25; 50; 75 and 100 g silicon per plant) in four replicates and two plants per plot. The application of 50, 75 and 100 g silicon per plant reduced the osmotic potential in the leaf tissues of ‘Gigante Amarelo’ passion fruit plants. Water salinity lower than 1.3 dS m-1 resulted in an increase in chlorophyll b content; increase in carotenoid content was observed in plants subjected to silicon doses of 25 and 100 g per plant. Salinity levels above 1.1 dS m-1 compromised the performance of photosystem II of passion fruit plants when subjected to silicon doses.
PRODUCTIVITY OF IRRIGATED PEANUT PLANTS UNDER PULSE AND CONTINUOUS DRIPPING IRRIGATION WITH BRACKISH WATER1 2
Authors: CRUZ RUANA IRIS FERNANDES , SILVA GERÓNIMO FERREIRA DA , SILVA MANASSÉS MESQUITA DA , SILVA ALAN HENRIQUE SANTOS , SANTOS JÚNIOR JOSÉ AMILTON , SILVA ÊNIO FARIAS DE FRANÇA E
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Pulse irrigation may be more advantageous for peanut crops than continuous irrigation, when using brackish water. However, studies on pulse irrigation with brackish water considering the environmental conditions of the Northeast region of Brazil using are incipient. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of using brackish water for pulse and continuous dripping irrigations on the grain yield and production characteristics of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) crops. A completely randomized block design with four repetitions was used, in a 6*2 factorial arrangement consisted of six electrical conductivities of the irrigation water (EC; 0.2, 1.6, 2.8, 4.0, 5.2, and 6.4 dS m-1) set by adding NaCl to the irrigation water, which originally had 0.2 dS m-1, until reaching the respective EC; and two irrigation methods (pulse and continuous). The evaluated variables were fresh and dry weights of shoot, 10 grains, pods, grains, and production; number of pods and grains; and percentages of empty pods (EP%) and perfect grains (PG%). The addition of salt to the irrigation water negatively affected all variables studied, except for EP% and PG%. The lowest EP% were found for the pulse irrigation, which increased the pod and grain yields, regardless of the EC of the irrigation water. Under the conditions of the present study, the use of brackish waters with electrical conductivities of up to 2.98 dS m-1 is viable for peanut production.
Florence Nightingale e a arte de enfermagem: texto e contexto da Inglaterra Vitoriana
Authors: Lopyola Cristina Maria Douat , Oliveira Rosane Mara Pontes de
Published: April 2021

Resumo Objetivo refletir sobre a figura pública de Florence Nightingale, suas realizações, Reforma Sanitária e a criação da Escola de Enfermeiras, e compreender o nascimento da enfermagem como profissão. Método partiu-se da literatura de um quadro das pressões sociais que agiam sobre o comportamento individual de Florence Nightingale e dos marcos divisórios aparentes, que entendemos como a densidade das relações sócio-históricas, e o seu tempo social. Análise sócio-histórica da história de vida de Florence Nightingale e da literatura social de Charles Dickens. O marco temporal compreendeu da promulgação da New Poor Law (1.834) à revogação (1.601). Resultados Florence Nightingale foi uma mulher adiante do seu tempo que, contrariando as teorias do Darwinismo social de sua época, criou a profissão da enfermeira, e produziu uma clivagem na profissão definindo-a como ciência e arte. Conclusão e implicações para a enfermagem ao criar a figura emblemática da Dama da Lâmpada, Florence Nightingale gravou no cuidado de enfermagem, o zelo, o desvelo e a compaixão, aqui entendida como empatia e piedade com o sofrimento do outro acompanhada do desejo de minorá-lo, uma participação espiritual na dor do outro.
El derecho a la salud, el litigio y el aporte de la Corte Constitucional colombiana: una revisión sistemática de literatura
Authors: Rojas Helio Caballero , Perilla Mónica Mojica
Published: April 2021

La concepción del derecho a la salud en Colombia ha experimentado un proceso de transformación desde la reforma de su Constitución Política en 1991, pasando por la Ley 100 de 1993, la sentencia C760 de la Corte Constitucional, desembocando en la ley 1571 de 2015 que establece la salud como derecho humano fundamental. En este trayecto es importante la judicialización de la salud y sus efectos, los que impactaron el sistema de salud colombiano. El propósito de esta revisión fue analizar el aporte de la Corte Constitucional a la configuración de la salud como derecho humano fundamental en el marco del litigio en salud. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura identificando cuatro categorías analíticas relacionadas con la reconfiguración y reconceptualización de la naturaleza jurídica del derecho a la salud y sus efectos sobre el sistema de salud colombiano.
Corporate Social Responsibility in the restaurant and fast food industry: a study of communication on healthy eating through social networks
Authors: Martínez-Sala Alba-María , Quiles-Soler María-Carmen , Monserrat-Gauchi Juan
Published: April 2021

The communication of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of a sample of eight restaurant and fast food companies is analyzed. An exploratory and descriptive method, based on the content analysis technique, is used to analyze the formal and informal CSR communication channels used to promote healthy eating on their respective websites and Twitter profiles. This study is complemented by a survey (n = 383) applied to a sample of young Spaniards to investigate their interest in healthy eating information, their assessment of CSR actions carried out in this area as well as the communication channels used for this purpose. The results confirm that the CSR policies of the companies include actions aimed at guaranteeing and promoting healthy eating. It is concluded about the convenience of using their own social networks and influencers to encourage healthy eating habits more effectively in their publics.
The Global Graphic Protest Narrative: India and Iran
Authors: Salmi Charlotta
Published: April 2021

This article situates the graphic narrative form within the current politics of protest movements. It argues that the graphic narrative captures the forms of civil disobedience that shape late-twentieth-century and twenty-first-century protest. Protest movements increasingly operate within, or in accordance with, the systems they seek to challenge. The graphic narrative, similarly, combines complicity and critique in its narrative style and structure. The argument draws on two examples from different regional and political contexts—Vishwajyoti Ghosh's graphic narrative about the years of emergency rule in India in the 1970s,Delhi Calm, and Amir Soltani and Khalil's work on Iran's Green movement,Zahra's Paradise—to show how the global graphic narrative acts as an archive of popular protests that inform present-day movements and offers a platform for those movements to perform civic action. It advocates a new formalist approach to the global graphic narrative as a popular protest form.
Historia de prácticas de política pública para la enseñanza de la educación secundaria en Colombia (1936-1946)
Authors: Acevedo Tarazona Álvaro , Vélez Restrepo Sebastían
Published: April 2021

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación orientada a caracterizar el conjunto de prácticas de política pública o gubernamentales implementadas por el Ministerio de Educación de Colombia con el fin de organizar la educación secundaria pública entre 1936 y 1946. Para una comprensión cabal de la forma en que se configura el nivel de educación secundaria en Colombia, durante el periodo estudiado, se analiza la forma cómo se entretejen las prácticas de delimitación de funciones de las modalidades de formación, las prácticas de inspección y vigilancia de colegios y las prácticas de organización de la oferta de los colegios de bachillerato
The Pulse of Non-Democracy?
Authors: Titkov Alexey
Published: April 2021

The article continues the discussion of Grigory Yudin’s book Public Opinion. The review considers Yudin’s arguments on the “plebiscitarian bias” in opinion-poll technology, on the linkages between opinion-polls, Rousseauist tradition and the “plebiscitarian model”, and on Gallup’s, Schumpeter’s, and Weber’s contributions to plebiscitarism. In the context of the proposed conceptual model, controversial issues in the interpretation of Weber’s and Schumpeter’s ideas, as well as an estimation of the Russian political regime in the 2010s are debated. Models of plebescitarism (including their principles and criteria) as proposed by Yudin, and by Urbinati in Democracy Disfigured are compared. The article highlights the differences between Gallup and Schumpeter, as well as between Schumpeter and Weber, in their insights into democracy and public opinion. The reviewer pays attention to the relationship between the classical doctrine of representative democracy by Schumpeter and the bourgeois public sphere by Habermas, and between public debates and the quantification of public opinion. We examine the argument about the continuity between public-opinion polls and the big projects of Modernity, such as representative democracy, public sphere, and biopolitics. Continuity argument is proposed as an alternative to Yudin’s hypothesis about the radical reinvention of ‘democracy’ and ‘public opinion’ during the inter-war period of the 20th century. Yudin’s insights on the social and political onthology of opinion-polls are preliminary, and are reconstructed for further discussion.
Event as Object: Towards a Flat-Event Theory
Authors: Golovashina Oksana
Published: April 2021

In the article, the author offers an original version of the solution to the problem of the atomicity of social events. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that it is indivisibility that makes it possible to distinguish an event from other social phenomena/processes. From the author’s point of view, the event must have a certain duration, which is atomic. As the first step, the author, relying on a wide range of sources that include the views of various theorists, considers the problem of the indivisibility of social events in the current theory of events. The author notes that logical-semantic interpretations of the indivisibility of events have become more widespread than the statement of ontological atomicity. Furthermore, the author dwells, in detail, on the interpretation of atomicity by observation. Analyzing the views of D. Davidson, A. F. Filippov, and others, the author proves that in the case of atomicity, by observation: (1) the criteria for this atomicity are rather blurred; (2) the event is a consequence not only of the observer’s figure, but also of his system of distinction and motives; (3) the complexity may be related to the spatial factor; and 4) the event itself is confused with the fact. The author also believes that limiting social events only to what is available to the human eye is not in line with modern trends. Additionally, the author shows the productivity of understanding the event as an object. In contrast to the participants in discussions aimed at distinguishing an event and an object, the author uses object conceptualization offered by object-oriented ontology. Events, which as objects are capable of change while retaining their indivisibility and stability, can be associated not only with the material but also with the ideal sphere, and have a system of distinctions. The proposed scheme allows us to assert the impossibility of negative events, gives a reason not only to talk about the atomicity of the event but to also emphasize the ontological foundations of this atomicity, and also offers the possibility of thinking about the social beyond the observed.
COVID19’un Çocuk Yoğun Bakımda İzlemi
Authors: ASLAN Nagehan , BERK Erhan
Published: April 2021

Çocuklarda COVID19 heterojen bir klinik tablo ile prezente olabilir. Çin'in Wuhan kentinde bildirilen ilk ciddi çocukluk çağı enfeksiyonu vakası, gastrointestinal semptomlarla başlayıp belirgin solunum belirtileri göstermemiş, ancak hızla akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromuna ilerlemiştir. Solunum sistemi tutulumu hafif üst solunum yolu bulgularından ağır akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromuna (ARDS) kadar değişkenlik gösterebilir. Ayrıca Nisan 2020’nin sonlarına doğru önce İngiltere ve İtalya sonrasında pek çok ülkeden çocuklarda COVID19 ilişkili bir multisistem inflamatuar sendrom (MIS-C) geliştiği bildirilmiştir. COVID19’a bağlı olarak çocuklarda gelişen MIS-C, COVID19 ile ilişkili nadir ancak ciddi bir durumdur. MIS-C'nin kazanılmış bağışıklığın anormal gelişimi ile enfeksiyöz bir bağışıklık reaksiyonu mu yoksa yeni bir hastalık mı olduğu bilinmemektedir. MIS-C'nin klinik özellikleri Kawasaki hastalığı ve toksik şok sendromuna benzer olabilir. Bunlar arasında sürekli ateş, hipotansiyon, gastrointestinal semptomlar, döküntü, miyokardit ve artmış inflamasyonla ilişkili laboratuvar bulguları bulunur; solunum semptomları her olguda olmayabilir. COVID19 ilişkili septik şok, akut akciğer hasarı, mekanik ventilasyon gereksinimi, ekstrakorporeal solunum ve / veya dolaşım desteği ihtiyacı, akut renal hasar, ağır MIS-C, Kawasaki hastalığı gibi kritik çocuk hastaların çocuk yoğun bakım ünitesinde takip ve tedavisi gerekmektedir. Biz bu bölümde farklı klinik tablolar ile prezente olabilen kritik COVID19 çocuk hastaların çocuk yoğun bakımdaki takip ve tedavisini güncel literatür bilgileri ışığında derlemeyi planladık.
Automated Tissue Fixation with 10% NBF (Leica) v1
Authors: Skinner Donna , Bowman Teri , Aster Jon
Published: April 2021

Human tissue specimens are frequently formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) for histological staining, pathological review, and archival purposes. This is the routine fixation protocol used by the Specialized Histopathology (SHP) Core and the Department of Pathology at Brigham and Women's Hospital. The protocol uses the Leica ASP300 S Fully Enclosed Tissue Processor to automate fixation.
HEK293T Landing Pad Recombination Protocol with Fugene (Based on a 24-well plate) v1
Authors: Roelle Sarah , Matreyek Kenneth
Published: April 2021

For using Fugene 6 to recombine Bxb1 attB plasmids into Bxb1 attP Landing Pads already integrated into HEK 293T cells.
Enzymatic Ethanol Assay v1
Authors: Hammer Sarah , Kapadia Dev , Hon Shuen , Maloney Marybeth , Olson Daniel , Lynd Lee
Published: April 2021

This protocol describes a 96-well-plate-based, enzymatic assay for reliably estimating ethanol concentrations in experimental samples in one hour. In the presence of excess NAD+, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is employed to convert ethanol to acetaldehyde. The concomitant conversion of NAD+ to NADH is monitored via increased absorbance at 340 nm. When highly accurate analytical techniques (such as high performance liquid chromatography) are not necessary, or are too costly or low-throughput, this assay offers reliable, inexpensive, and rapid detection of ethanol concentrations. This assay is useful for applications such as determining relative ethanol production from microbial fermentations, and detecting ethanol evaporation from media.
Ultrasonic feature imaging of a multi-layered structure beyond a thin, highly reflective layer using a convolutional neural network
Authors: Lu Chuanyu , Lu Minghui , Chen Yiting , Pan Yongdong
Published: April 2021

A helicopter propeller is a kind of multi-layered composite material bonding structure. Ensuring that composite structures are free from defects can reduce the risk of in-service failure and hence improve safety. As a common non-destructive testing (NDT) technology, ultrasonic testing
is often used in the inspection of composite structures. However, a composite structure made of multiple thin-layer materials bonded together can cause a serious aliasing problem for echo signals when inspecting with ultrasound. In this study, the frequency-domain characteristics of an aliasing
echo signal were analysed using the spectrum of the acoustic pressure reflection coefficient. Furthermore, the time-frequency joint analysis results of the echo signal were obtained using a continuous wavelet transform. Finally, the obtained time-frequency features of the echo signal were
used to classify and image with a convolutional neural network (CNN). The results revealed that, as opposed to the direct imaging of the time- and frequency-domain features, the time-frequency wavelet map of a thin-walled multi-layered structure that was classified and imaged with a CNN exhibited
greater clarity and better defect recognition ability. In addition, the training time of the CNN was 17 s and the classification accuracy of the verification set was high, reaching 97.8%.
Simultaneous determination of layer thicknesses in graded layer materials by ultrasonic non-destructive method
Authors: Zhang Chengcheng , Yang Xiaoyu , Luo Guoqiang , Shen Qiang , Zhang Jian
Published: April 2021

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are widely applied in aerospace, energy, biology and other fields. Simultaneous determination of the thicknesses of all the graded layers is of great importance in evaluating the quality of an FGM. A model is set up to characterise the ultrasonic
waves reflected from an FGM composed of thin layers at normal incidence. The reflection spectrum is derived to simultaneously obtain the thicknesses of the various graded layers. To prove the feasibility of the proposed method, it is applied to measure the layer thicknesses of a prepared Al-Ti
bi-layered material specimen without delaminations. An inverse algorithm based on the Gauss-Newton method is introduced to determine the thicknesses by comparing the theoretical and measured reflection spectra. The effects of the frequency bandwidth of the transducer on the thickness convergence
zones and the thickness measurement results are investigated. The sensitivity of the proposed method to the thickness parameters is studied. The results indicate that the frequency bandwidth plays an important role in the thickness measurement. The relative thickness errors of the Al layer
and the Ti layer in this experiment are –5.28% and +2.77% using 5 MHz and 15 MHz transducers. It is concluded that a combination of reflection spectra and inverse techniques can be employed to simultaneously obtain the graded layer thicknesses.
Niveles de Cd, Cr, Ni y Pb extraídos mediante Mehilich-3 y DTPA en un suelo agrícola sobre sedimentos cuaternarios
Authors: García-Tomillo Aitor , Dafonte Dafonte Jorge , Paz González Antonio
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las concentraciones de Cd, Cr, Ni y Pb extraíbles en un suelo de pradera de 10 ha en Castro Ribeira de Lea, Lugo (España). Se recogieron 80 muestras de suelo en dos capas del horizonte A, de 0 a 20 cm de profundidad y desde 20 cm hasta el límite del horizonte estudiado; que presentó un rango de 25 a 48 cm. Las extracciones se realizaron mediante dos soluciones: Mehlich-3 y DTPA. La solución Mehlich-3 extrajo concentraciones más altas para los cuatro metales pesados en las dos profundidades del suelo muestreadas. La mayor concentración obtenida fue el PbMehlich-3 (3,54 mg·kg-1 a 0-20 cm y 2,67 mg·kg-1 a > 20 cm). Las concentraciones medias de Ni, Cr y Cd extraídas con Mehlich-3 no fueron superiores a 0,30 mg·kg-1, en tanto que las concentraciones extraídas con DTPA fueron incluso menores, siendo inferiores a 0,16 mg·kg-1. Las correlaciones más fuertes entre los metales pesados y propiedades generales del suelo fueron NiDTPA - pH; NiMehlich-3 - pH a >20 cm y 0-20 respectivamente; NiDTPA- Arcilla a 0-20 cm, CrMehlich-3 y CdMehlich-3 - MO a 0-20 cm. Las correlaciones de los metales pesados con el pH del suelo fueron negativas, obteniéndose mayores concentraciones al aumentar la acidez del suelo. Si bien, las concentraciones de metales pesados registrados en la pradera estudiada están por debajo de los niveles considerados peligrosos para suelos agrícolas. Por lo tanto, los resultados obtenidos sugieren que las actividades agrícolas (fertilización, uso de pesticidas, etc.) fueron adecuadas en este área.
Developing muscle power for combat sports athletes
Authors: Santos Jonatas Ferreira da Silva , Franchini Emerson
Published: April 2021

In combat sports, the specificity of the training requires that the athlete improve all performance indicators associated with the match. For this reason, muscle power seems to be determinant during the application of the techniques that result in scores, specifically punches, kicks, elbows, knees, throwing techniques, transitions to the groundwork and some groundwork techniques and sometimes, the win match by knockout. Based in these information’s, the present chapter will approach items referring to the muscle power manifestation and monitoring, and to the training prescription of exercises for the grappling, striking and mixed combat sports.
Developing strength-endurance for combat sports athletes
Authors: Santos-Junior Rubens , Franchini Emerson
Published: April 2021

Strength-endurance is one of the trainable physical capacities that could determine the success in some combat sports and its inclusion is obligatory in the training periodization of high-level athletes. In striking combat sports, such as boxing and taekwondo, it seems likely that increases in dynamic strength-endurance improve the ability to execute combat movements repeatedly. On the other hand, grapplers need to develop high levels of strength-endurance because during the match much time is spent in grip dispute and the success in this phase may determine the possibility to execute scoring techniques. Furthermore, in mixed combat sports, where a combination of striking and grappling are required, athletes needs to have the capacity to maintain dynamic or static muscular actions during prolonged periods during the match, and the strength-endurance is one key element. Therefore, this chapter presents the strength-endurance requirements during the match, the specific tests for its evaluation, scientific evidence of longitudinal studies on the development of strength-endurance in combat sports athletes and the methods for its development.
Digital Identities in The Context of Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: KAVUT Sevgi
Published: April 2021

Digital identity is an identity which involves from records and cultural capital, personal profiles created by interactions between individuals, commented “ I connect therefore I am” with expression, celebrity tag of Descartes “ I think therefore I am” by updating with social media platforms, in YouTube videos. A digital identity is comprised in time by users of technologies such as e-mail, text messaging, social media and so on electronic communication tools. Digital identity is defined in nine dimensions as digital access, digital law, digital communication, digital commerce, digital health, digital security, digital rights and digital responsibilities, digital literacy and digital ethic. The aim of this article is to reveal importance of digital identity concept and elements of digital identities and to explore roles of blockchain and artificial intelligence in development process of digital identities. This article is written as the theoretically. Therefore, in study has been used descriptive analysis method. Consequently, blockchain contributes increasing security measures of digital identity. In case artificial intelligence contributes development of digital identity with face recognition systems and algorithms. Moreover, digital identity got more secure thanks to blockchain systems while digital identities is defined more quickly and easily by means of developed technologies with artificial intelligence
Bir İletişim Türü Olarak Yazılı İletişim: Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Mektuplarına Yönelik Nitel Bir İnceleme
Authors: BATU Mikail , YANIK Akan
Published: April 2021

Mektuplar tür olarak, kurgusal olmaması ve gerçek hayat hikâyeleri içeren güvenli veriler sunması nedeniyle sosyal bilimler alanında çok değerli psikanalitik materyallerle alan araştırmacılarının dikkatini çekmektedir. Bu çalışma T.C. Darulaceze Başkanlığı bünyesinde bakım hizmeti alan yaşlı sakinlerle Ege Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Halkla İlişkiler ve Tanıtım Bölümü öğrencilerinin mektuplarını ele alarak en çok hangi metaforların kullanıldığını, en çok hangi konulardan ve aile üyelerinden bahsedildiğini, hangi duygulara odaklanıldığını ve son olarak kadın ve erkek öğrencilerin yaklaşım farklılıklarını analiz etmektedir. Çalışmada, ele alınan 437 mektup dijital ortama aktarılarılıp Maxqda 2018 programı kullanılarak kodlanmış, betimsel ve içerik analizleri gerçekleştirilmiş ve art alanda var olan eğilimler ve gömülü bağlantılar bulunmuştur. Analizlerde öğrencilerin iç benliklerine ilişkin ayrıntılara girmeyip daha çok günlük hayatlarıyla ilgili betimlemelere başvurdukları görülmüştür. Pozitif duyguların negatif duygulardan iki kat fazla olduğunun belirlendiği araştırmada özellikle psikolojik faktörlerin bedensel rahatsızlıklarla veya iyi oluşla betimlenmesi ve hobi edinme konusunda çok az mesajın olması dikkat çekicidir.
Sosyal Medyada Nesneleştirme Aracılığıyla Mahremiyetin Reddi: Youtuberlar Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: KAYIHAN Bahar
Published: April 2021

Medeniyetin gelişiminden, özellikle de modernliğin ortaya çıkışından itibaren mahremiyet toplumsal hayat açısından önemli bir konu olmuştur. Kitle iletişim araçlarının gelişimi ile birlikte ise ihlal edilen bir konu haline gelmeye başlamıştır. Haberler, reklamlar ve televizyon programları mahremiyet ihlalleri ile dolup taşar hale gelmiştir. Sosyal ağlar da, mahremiyet ihlallerine yeni bir boyut eklemiştir. YouTube ve benzeri ağlarda mahremiyet, yalnızca kurumlar tarafından değil kullanıcılar tarafından da gönüllü olarak ihlal edilir olmuştur. YouTuberların paylaşımlarının incelendiği bu çalışmada ise Fredrickson ve Roberts’ın kadınların izleyicinin bakış açısını fiziksel benliklerinin birincil görüşü olarak içselleştiklerine yönelik nesneleştirme kuramından yola çıkılarak, betimsel bir analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yatak odaları da dâhil olmak üzere evlerinden çeşitli paylaşımlar yapan YouTuberların, yaşadıkları alanı mahrem olarak değerlendirmedikleri ve bulundukları/yaşadıkları mekânlar, aileleri, arkadaşları, ilişkileri, yabancılar, duyguları, bedenleri ve tercihleri hakkında mahrem paylaşımlar yaptıkları görülmüştür. Ayrıca, fiziksel benlikleri ile ilgili kaygı duyguları olduğu, YouTube’daki varoluşlarının da bu durumun bir etkeni olduğu, kaygı duyguları nedeniyle yeme bozuklukları yaşayabildikleri, dış beden farkındalıklarına karşın iç bedensel bir farkındalığa yönelik herhangi bir paylaşım yapmadıkları açığa çıkmıştır.
Effect of 5-hydroxypyrimidine derivatives on tumor growth and cytokine concentration in blood serum of female CBA mice with cervical cancer (RSHM-5)
Authors: Kovalenko L.P. , Korzhova K.V. , Zainullina L.F. , Nikitin S.V. , Ivanova E.A. , Zhurikov R.V.
Published: April 2021

The effects of intraperitoneal administration of SNK-411 (2-isobutyl-4,6-dimethyl-5-hydroxypyrimidine) in a dose of 25 mg/kg (the total dose of 350 mg/kg) and SNK-578 (hydrochloride of 2-isobutyl-4,6-dimethyl-5- hydroxypyrimidine) in a dose of 10 mg/kg (the total dose of 140 mg/kg) on tumor growth and concentration of cytokines in the blood serum were studied in female CBA mice. Substances were administrated from the 2nd to 15th days of tumor development. Tumor growth inhibition (TGI) and serum cytokine level were studied on the 7th day after the end of compounds administration (21st day of tumor growth). In intact control group (n=10) median tumor mass was 1255 mg. TGI in the group of animals treated with SNK-411 was 47%; in the group of mice treated with SNK-578 TGI was 87%, tumor mass demonstrated 7.4-fold reduction. Serum concentrations of cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A and IFN-γ) in tumor-bearing group of mice were higher versus the intact control group by 229%, 40%, 60% and 81%, respectively. Highly active SNK-578 decreased concentrations of prooncogenic IL-10, IL-17A and proinflammatory IL-6, by 61%, 70% and 29% as compared to tumor-bearing control group. SNK-411 decreased concentrations of prooncogenic IL-10 and IL-17A by 48% and 60%, respectively, and did not affect concentration of IL-6. Taking into consideration that IL-6 participates in autoimmune reactions, we can assume that the immune control is one of the crucial mechanisms of antitumor effect of SNK-578. All results are statistically significant.