bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and treatment of epidural metastases
Authors: Yáñez M. Loreto , Miller Julie J. , Batchelor Tracy T.
Published: December 2016

Epidural metastases occur in 5% to 10% of cancer patients and represent a neurological emergency. Patients most commonly present with an acute onset of motor weakness, and restoration of neurological function is critically dependent on prompt diagnosis and treatment. This review discusses the clinical, epidemiological, and radiological features associated with epidural metastases and resulting spinal cord compression. Moreover, current treatment paradigms are reviewed. The timely initiation of radiation as well as surgery in select cases is critical for preserving neurological function and achieving local tumor control and pain control. Future studies investigating surgical and radiation treatment for metastatic epidural cord compression are urgently needed. Cancer 2017;123:1106–1114. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
From Models of Hemoproteins to Self‐Assembled Molecular Wires
Authors: Kahlfuss Christophe , Wytko Jennifer A. , Weiss Jean
Published: December 2016

In nature, the various properties of tetrapyrrolic macrocycles are mostly due to their proteic environment and result from an evolutionary process that is difficult to reproduce during the lifetime of a synthetic chemist. Thus, the task of synthetic chemists attempting to reproduce the biological role of porphyrin architectures, which perform functions from catalysis to light harvesting, is complicated. This account describes how a phenanthroline‐strapped porphyrin architecture initially designed to afford new hemoprotein models led, over the last two decades, to the preparation of highly linear self‐assembled nano‐objects inspired by light‐harvesting architectures. The approach summarized herein mimics, in a very modest way, the polyvalence of tetrapyrrolic macrocycles found in nature.
Daratumumab, Elotuzumab, and the Development of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Laubach JP , Paba Prada CE , Richardson PG , Longo DL
Published: December 2016

There has been substantial progress in clinical outcomes for patients with multiple myeloma (MM). This encouraging trend derives in large part from the increasing number of effective therapeutic options and the ability because of this to achieve higher quality responses to treatment. The approval of both daratumumab and of elotuzumab in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, in late 2015, was a notable achievement in the field, as daratumumab and elotuzumab represent the first monoclonal antibodies available for use in MM. Given their unique mechanisms of action and favorable side effect profiles, daratumumab and elotuzumab have considerable potential as therapeutic partners with agents in other drug classes and in different clinical settings ranging from newly diagnosed to relapsed disease. This review discusses the development of daratumumab and elotuzumab as well as other monoclonal antibodies currently being evaluated for use in MM.
ETS transcription factor ETV2/ER71/Etsrp in hematopoietic and vascular development, injury, and regeneration
Authors: Zhao Haiyong , Xu Canxin , Lee Tae‐Jin , Liu Fang , Choi Kyunghee
Published: December 2016

The major goal in regenerative medicine is to repair and restore injured, diseased or aged tissue function, thereby promoting general health. As such, the field of regenerative medicine has great translational potential in undertaking many of the health concerns and needs that we currently face. In particular, hematopoietic and vascular systems supply oxygen and nutrients and thus play critical roles in tissue development and tissue regeneration. Additionally, tissue vasculature serves as a tissue stem cell niche and thus contributes to tissue homeostasis. Notably, hematopoietic and vascular systems are sensitive to injury and subject to regeneration. As such, successful hematopoietic and vascular regeneration is prerequisite for efficient tissue repair and organismal survival and health. Recent studies have established that the interplay among the ETS transcription factor ETV2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and its receptor VEGFR2/FLK1 is essential for hematopoietic and vascular development. Emerging studies also support the role of these three factors and possible interplay in hematopoietic and vascular regeneration. Comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation and function of these three factors may lead to more effective approaches in promoting tissue repair and regeneration. Developmental Dynamics 246:318–327, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic engineering to eradicate invasive mice on islands: modeling the efficiency and ecological impacts
Authors: Backus Gregory A. , Gross Kevin
Published: December 2016

Invasive rodents are usually eradicated from islands through the application of chemical toxicants that can harm surrounding ecosystems. A recently proposed alternative involves engineering a house mouse (Mus musculus) to carry a genetic construct that would cause a majority of its offspring to be male, many of which would be sterile. Releasing these genetically engineered mice to interbreed with an invasive population would reduce the number of fertile female mice until no more remain. We constructed a mathematical model to analyze the population dynamics of eradication with this genetically engineered mouse and determined its eradication efficiency through model analysis and simulations. Because genetically engineered mice would likely have a fitness disadvantage compared to wild mice, we found that they would need to be repeatedly released into the population to ensure complete eradication. However, if genetically engineered mice have a substantial survival advantage, we determined that the genetic construct could theoretically spread and eradicate a population after a single pulsed release onto the target island or after an engineered mouse escapes to a non‐target location. Also, while the species specificity of genetic engineering avoids some of the non‐target impacts of traditional eradication methods, ecological impacts could manifest indirectly. We compared several metrics to estimate potential transient impacts on the ecosystem and found that there is a trade‐off between the speed of an eradication and the intensity of increased disruptive ecological interactions. Together, our results can inform safe and efficient ecological practices for eradication with developing genetic engineering technology.
Climate change and water‐related ecosystem services: impacts of drought in california, usa
Authors: Chang Heejun , Bonnette Matthew Ryan
Published: December 2016

We investigated the potential impacts of climate change on water‐related ecosystem services (). Based on the review of the recent literature, we concluded that climate change will have substantial effects on provisioning, regulating, and cultural via changes in the distribution and value of water over space and time. However, the effects of climate change on specific will be different depending on the extent of the impact of such changes in the distribution of water and the adaptive capacity of the region's biophysical and social system. The 2015 California drought provides an excellent example of the cascading effects of climate change on multiple . Declining streamflow and the concomitant rising stream temperatures have immediately threatened the provision of drinking water and hydropower generation and threatened the health of ecosystems that rely on water. The secondary effects of drought on are widespread across different water‐dependent industries, including water‐based recreation. The findings of our study also show that the impacts of climate change will differ by location, suggesting a need for a place‐based flexible climate adaptation strategy. We also suggest that future research directions include the examination of: (1) the multiple cascading effects of climate change on potential synergies and tradeoffs among different , (2) the specific effects of changing climate and the connectivity of from upstream to downstream users, (3) the changing value of over space and time under changing climates, and (4) the effectiveness of various climate adaptation measures on the whole suite of .
Synthesis of Methionine‐Derived Endocyclic Sulfilimines and Sulfoximines
Authors: Marzag Hamid , Schuler Marie , Tatibouët Arnaud , Reboul Vincent
Published: December 2016

The asymmetric synthesis of endocyclic methionine sulfilimines and sulfoximines from methionine derivatives was explored. The cyclization was performed by using phenyliodine diacetate (PIDA). In the case of l‐methionine, dehydromethionine was obtained, and a deprotonation step by tBuONa was necessary to yield the corresponding sulfilimine. On the other hand, the cyclic sulfilimine of methionine methyl ester, methylthiopropylamine, and l‐methioninol were synthesized in a single step by using PIDA. Owing to their instability, the sulfilimines were oxidized to their corresponding sulfoximines in good yields.
Prevalence, causes, and behavioral and emotional comorbidities of acute symptomatic seizures in Africa: A critical review
Authors: Kariuki Symon M. , Abubakar Amina , Stein Alan , Marsh Kevin , Newton Charles R. J. C.
Published: December 2016

Seizures with fever includes both febrile seizures (due to nonneurological febrile infections) and acute symptomatic seizures (due to neurological febrile infections). The cumulative incidence (lifetime prevalence) of febrile seizures in children aged ≤6 years is 2–5% in American and European studies, but there are no community‐based data on acute symptomatic seizures in Africa. The incidence of acute symptomatic seizures in sub‐Saharan Africa is more than twice that in high‐income countries. However, most studies of acute symptomatic seizures from Africa are based on hospital samples or do not conduct surveys in demographic surveillance systems, which underestimates the burden. It is difficult to differentiate between febrile seizures and acute symptomatic seizures in Africa, especially in malaria‐endemic areas where malaria parasites can sequester in the brain microvasculature; but this challenge can be addressed by robust identification of underlying causes. The proportion of complex acute symptomatic seizures (i.e., seizures that are focal, repetitive, or prolonged) in Africa are twice that reported in other parts of the world (>60% vs. ∼30%), which is often attributed to falciparum malaria. These complex phenotypes of acute symptomatic seizures can be associated with behavioral and emotional problems in high‐income countries, and outcomes may be even worse in Africa. One Kenyan study reported behavioral and emotional problems in approximately 10% of children admitted with acute symptomatic seizures, but it is not clear whether the behavioral and emotional problems were due to the seizures, shared genetic susceptibility, etiology, or underlying neurological damage. The underlying neurological damage in acute symptomatic seizures can lead not only to behavioral and emotional problems but also to neurocognitive impairment and epilepsy. Electroencephalography may have a prognostic role in African children with acute symptomatic seizures. There are significant knowledge gaps regarding acute symptomatic seizures in Africa, which results in lack of reliable estimates for planning interventions. Future epidemiological studies of acute symptomatic seizures should be set up in Africa.
Biodegradation and mineralization of isotopically labeled TNT and RDX in anaerobic marine sediments
Authors: Ariyarathna Thivanka , Vlahos Penny , Smith Richard W. , Fallis Stephen , Groshens Thomas , Tobias Craig
Published: December 2016

The lack of knowledge on the fate of explosive compounds 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), particularly in marine ecosystems, constrains the application of bioremediation techniques in explosive-contaminated coastal sites. The authors present a comparative study on anaerobic biodegradation and mineralization of 15N-nitro group isotopically labeled TNT and RDX in organic carbon–rich, fine-grained marine sediment with native microbial assemblages. Separate sediment slurry experiments were carried out for TNT and RDX at 23°C for 16 d. Dissolved and sediment-sorbed fractions of parent and transformation products, isotopic compositions of sediment, and mineralization products of the dissolved inorganic N pool (15NH4+,15NO3–,15NO2–, and 15N2) were measured. The rate of TNT removal from the aqueous phase was faster (0.75 h−1) than that of RDX (0.37 h−1), and 15N accumulation in sediment was higher in the TNT (13%) than the RDX (2%) microcosms. Mono-amino-dinitrotoluenes were identified as intermediate biodegradation products of TNT. Two percent of the total spiked TNT-N is mineralized to dissolved inorganic N through 2 different pathways: denitration as well as deamination and formation of NH4+, facilitated by iron and sulfate reducing bacteria in the sediments. The majority of the spiked TNT-N (85%) is in unidentified pools by day 16. Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (10%) biodegrades to nitroso derivatives, whereas 13% of RDX-N in nitro groups is mineralized to dissolved inorganic N anaerobically by the end of the experiment. The primary identified mineralization end product of RDX (40%) is NH4+, generated through either deamination or mono-denitration, followed by ring breakdown. A reasonable production of N2 gas (13%) was seen in the RDX system but not in the TNT system. Sixty-eight percent of the total spiked RDX-N is in an unidentified pool by day 16 and may include unquantified mineralization products dissolved in water. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1170–1180. © 2016 SETAC
THE EARLY HOME ENVIRONMENT OF LATINO BOYS AND THEIR PEERS: A DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Cabrera Natasha J. , Malin Jenessa L. , Kuhns Catherine , West Jerry
Published: December 2016

Using a sample (N = 5,200) drawn from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study‐Birth Cohort, we examined Latino boys’ developmental profiles and their early home experiences from 9 months to kindergarten entry in comparison to their peers—Latina girls and White boys. We also examined how children's early home experiences related to outcomes at kindergarten entry and whether these varied by gender and ethnicity. Controlling for socioeconomic indicators, the largest mean group differences were between Latino and White boys, beginning at 24 months and persisting at kindergarten entry. There were modest differences between Latino boys and Latina girls on some outcomes, with boys showing an early and persistent advantage in math and girls showing a persistent advantage in social skills. Household resources and maternal and paternal investments in literacy activities were the strongest predictors of children's preacademic skills at kindergarten entry. Our model did not vary by gender or ethnicity, suggesting that the ingredients for learning are the same for all children.
Protective effects of trans‐caryophyllene on maintaining osteoblast function
Authors: Shan Jinghua , Chen Lixia , Lu Keliang
Published: December 2016

Age‐related osteoblast dysfunction is the main cause of age‐related bone loss. Trans‐caryophyllene (TC) is an important constituent of the essential oils derived from several species of medicinal plants. In this study, we investigated the effects of TC on osteoblast function in osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells. The results indicate that TC caused a significant elevation in collagen content, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin production, and mineralization, which are the four markers that account for the various stages of osteoblastic differentiation. In addition, pretreatment with TC prior to antimycin A exposure significantly reduced antimycin A‐induced cell damage by attenuating cell death, preventing the release of reactive oxygen species and impeding osteoblast dysfunction. TC has been shown to be an agonist of the cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R), and the effects of TC on osteocalcin secretion and matrix mineralization were abolished in MC3T3E1 cells transfected with CB2R siRNA. Our findings that TC promotes the formation of a mineralized extracellular matrix help to elucidate the role of CB2 signaling in the formation of bone and the maintenance of normal bone mass. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 69(1):22–29, 2017
Epiprofin Regulates Enamel Formation and Tooth Morphogenesis by Controlling Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions During Tooth Development
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Jimenez-Rojo Lucia , Koyama Eiki , Pacifici Maurizio , de Vega Susana , Iwamoto Masahiro , Fukumoto Satoshi , Unda Fernando , Yamada Yoshihiko
Published: December 2016

The synchronization of cell proliferation and cytodifferentiation between dental epithelial and mesenchymal cells is required for the morphogenesis of teeth with the correct functional shapes and optimum sizes. Epiprofin (Epfn), a transcription factor belonging to the Sp family, regulates dental epithelial cell proliferation and is essential for ameloblast and odontoblast differentiation. Epfn deficiency results in the lack of enamel and ironically the formation of extra teeth. We investigated the mechanism underlying the functions of Epfn in tooth development through the creation of transgenic mice expressing Epfn under the control of an epithelial cell-specific K5 promoter (K5-Epfn). We found that these K5-Epfn mice developed abnormally shaped incisors and molars and formed fewer molars in the mandible. Remarkably, ameloblasts differentiated ectopically and enamel was formed on the lingual side of the K5-Epfn incisors. By contrast, ameloblasts and enamel were found only on the labial side in wild-type mice, as Follistatin (Fst) expressed in the lingual side inhibits BMP4 signaling necessary for ameloblast differentiation. We showed that Epfn transfection into the dental epithelial cell line SF2 abrogated the inhibitory activity of Fst and promoted ameloblast differentiation of SF2 cells. We found that Epfn induced FGF9 in dental epithelial cells and this dental epithelial cell-derived FGF9 promoted dental mesenchymal cell proliferation via the FGF receptor 1c (FGFR1c). Taken together, these results suggest that Epfn preserves the balance between cell proliferation and cytodifferentiation in dental epithelial and mesenchymal cells during normal tooth development and morphogenesis. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Understanding Outcomes in a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Ward‐based Intervention on Psychiatric Inpatient Wards: A Qualitative Analysis of Staff and Patient Experiences
Authors: Berry Katherine , Haddock Gillian , Kellett Stephen , Awenat Yvonne , Szpak Karolina , Barrowclough Christine
Published: December 2016

Objective

Team formulation is advocated to improve quality of care in mental health care and evidence from a recent U.K.‐based trial supports its use in inpatient settings. This study aimed to identify the effects of formulation on practice from the perspectives of staff and patient participating in the trial, including barriers and enhancers to implementing the intervention.

Method

We carried out semistructured interviews with 57 staff and 20 patients. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Main outcomes were: improved staff understanding of patients, better team collaboration and increased staff awareness of their own feelings. Key contextual factors were as follows: overcoming both staff and patient anxiety, unwelcome expert versus collaborative stance, competing demands, and management support.

Conclusion

Team formulation should be implemented to improve quality of care in inpatient settings and larger definitive trials should be carried out to assess the effect of this intervention on patient outcomes.
The Relationship Between Perfectionism and Psychopathology: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Limburg Karina , Watson Hunna J. , Hagger Martin S. , Egan Sarah J.
Published: December 2016

Objective

The clinical significance of 2 main dimensions of perfectionism (perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns) was examined via a meta‐analysis of studies investigating perfectionism in the psychopathology literature.

Method

We investigated relationships between psychopathology outcomes (clinical diagnoses of depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive‐compulsive disorder, and eating disorders; symptoms of these disorders; and outcomes related to psychopathology, such as deliberate self‐harm, suicidal ideation, and general distress) and each perfectionism dimension. The relationships were examined by evaluating (a) differences in the magnitude of association of the 2 perfectionism dimensions with psychopathology outcomes and (b) subscales of 2 common measures of perfectionism.

Results

A systematic literature search retrieved 284 relevant studies, resulting in 2,047 effect sizes that were analysed with meta‐analysis and meta‐regression while accounting for data dependencies.

Conclusion

Findings support the notion of perfectionism as a transdiagnostic factor by demonstrating that both dimensions are associated with various forms of psychopathology.
Graphics processing unit‐based solution of nonlinear Maxwell's equations for inhomogeneous dispersive media
Authors: Rudenko Anton , Colombier Jean‐Philippe , Itina Tatiana E.
Published: December 2016

A new approach is developed for fast solution of complex dynamic problems in nonlinear optics. The model consists of the nonlinear Maxwell's equations coupled with time‐dependent electron density equation. The approach is based on the Finite‐Difference Time‐Domain and the auxiliary differential equation methods for frequency‐dependent Drude media with a time‐dependent carrier density, changing due to Kerr, photoionization, avalanche, and recombination effects. The system of nonlinear Maxwell‐Ampere equations is solved by an iterative fixed‐point procedure. The proposed approach is shown to remain stable even for complex nonlinear media and strong gradient fields. Graphics‐processing‐units technique is implemented by using an efficient algorithm enabling solution of massively 3‐dimensional problems within reasonable computation time.
Understanding the spatio‐temporal influence of climate variability on Australian heatwaves
Authors: Loughran Tammas F. , Perkins‐Kirkpatrick Sarah E. , Alexander Lisa V.
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Some of the major drivers of extreme temperatures in Australia are related to large‐scale variations in the climate. While many of the relationships between climate variability and heatwaves have been described, the preceding climate conditions and the circulation patterns responsible for interannual heatwave variations are still poorly understood. We have used rotated principal component analysis (PCA) to describe the variance of frequency, duration, magnitude and timing of Australian summer heatwaves. This provides a simple means of investigating both the spatial patterns of circulation and the preceding climate mode conditions of summer heatwaves. We find that spatial patterns of heatwave variability associated with El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) were focused in the north and northeast of Australia for heatwave occurrence. Patterns of heatwave amplitude in southeastern Australia were also weakly related to ENSO. The PCA did not find any direct, concurrent Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) or Southern Annular Mode (SAM) signal. However, lead correlations indicate that winter IOD conditions can have a weak indirect effect on heatwave occurrence in northeast Australia and similarly, winter SAM conditions can affect heatwave timing in central eastern Australia. Regressions reveal that ENSO related heatwave duration and frequency in the northeast are related to the movement of the Walker circulation, while southeastern heatwave amplitude is associated with a north–south movement of the Tasman high pressure system. These results may lead to improvements in understanding the predictability and general preparedness for heatwaves in the summer season.
Temperature and light conditions at different latitudes affect sensory quality of broccoli florets (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica)
Authors: Johansen Tor J , Mølmann Jørgen AB , Bengtsson Gunnar B , Schreiner Monica , Velasco Pablo , Hykkerud Anne L , Cartea Elena , Lea Per , Skaret Josefine , Seljåsen Randi
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) is a popular vegetable grown at a wide range of latitudes. Plants were grown in 2009–2011 in pots with standardized soil, irrigation and nutrient supply under natural temperature and light conditions at four locations (42–70° N). A descriptive sensory analysis of broccoli florets was performed by a trained panel to examine any differences along the latitudinal gradient for 30 attributes within appearance, odour, taste/flavour and texture.

RESULTS

Average results over three summer seasons in Germany, southern Norway and northern Norway showed that the northernmost location with low temperatures and long days had highest scores for bud coarseness and uniform colour, while broccoli from the German location, with high temperatures and shorter days, had highest intensity of colour hue, whiteness, bitter taste, cabbage flavour, stale flavour and watery flavour. Results from two autumn seasons at the fourth location (42° N, Spain), with low temperatures and short days, tended toward results from the two northernmost locations, with an exception for most texture attributes.

CONCLUSION

Results clearly demonstrate that temperature and light conditions related to latitude and season affect the sensory quality of broccoli florets. Results may be used in marketing special quality regional or seasonal products. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Chemical characterization and in vitro colonic fermentation of grape pomace extracts
Authors: Gil‐Sánchez Irene , Ayuda‐Durán Begoña , González‐Manzano Susana , Santos‐Buelga Celestino , Cueva Carolina , Martín‐Cabrejas M Angeles , Sanz‐Buenhombre Marisa , Guadarrama Alberto , Moreno‐Arribas M Victoria , Bartolomé Begoña
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND

Currently, there is growing interest in extracts derived from winery by‐products because of their beneficial health properties, which are associated with the presence of bioactive compounds. In this paper, we have carried out the chemical characterization and in vitro colonic fermentation of four grape pomace (GP) extracts rich in polyphenols and dietary fibre.

RESULT

Firstly, phenolic and dietary fibre composition of the GP extracts was determined. The highest individual phenolic concentrations corresponded to gallic and ellagic acids, followed by catechins and flavonols. The non‐digestible fibre fraction ranged from 66% to 83% of the GP extracts, which indicated that they mainly contained non‐digestible cell wall components. Secondly, when GP extracts were subjected to fermentation by faecal microbiota, a total of 16 bacterial phenolic metabolites were found in the fermented samples, confirming that polyphenols contained in the GP extracts were metabolized to different active metabolites by microbiota. In addition, the GP extracts tended to promote the growth of intestinal microbiota, although it was only significant for the Enterococcus group.

CONCLUSION

These findings, together with other information available in the literature, support the high added value of products obtained from winery by‐products. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterizations of calcite particles and evaluations of their light scattering effects in lacustrine systems
Authors: Peng Feng , Effler Steven W.
Published: December 2016

Characterization of autochthonously produced calcite particles, along with the associated heteronuclei, and evaluation of their effects on light scattering, are advanced for lacustrine waters. This is supported by (1) direct measurement of minerogenic particle populations from 12 northeastern U.S. lakes with scanning electron microscopy interfaced with automated image and X‐ray analyses (SAX), and (2) application of the previously tested SAX−Mie‐theory approach to resolve the contributions of calcite vs. allochthonous minerogenic particles to particulate scattering and backscattering coefficients (bp and bbp), and (3) comparison with organic contributions estimated through empirical bio‐optics models. Intervals of substantial contributions of calcite to bp and bbp, described as “whiting events,” are demonstrated for these study lakes. Organic particles, apparently from two size ranges, likely corresponding to pico‐ and nanocyanobacteria, are found to serve as the primary heteronuclei for the calcite precipitation. The coating of these particles with calcite within the upper waters of the study lakes remained thin. The calculated relative increases in bbp were substantially more than for bp because of the greater effect of the higher refractive index (i.e., n) of calcite for the former. Differences in n values for calcite reported in the literature are a source of noteworthy uncertainty in associated bbp estimates. Nine years of spring−fall monitoring in Cayuga Lake, New York, documented major interannual variations in the whiting events with respect to timing, magnitude of the scattering signatures, and the sizes of heteronuclei. Whiting events can have major effects on commonly monitored optical features, including Secchi depth and remote sensing reflectance.
How do the positive embeddings of Banach lattices depend on the αth derivatives of K?
Authors: Galego Elói Medina , Rincón‐Villamizar Michael A.
Published: December 2016

Let K and S be locally compact Hausdorff spaces and X be an abstract space. Suppose that T is a positive Banach lattice isomorphism from into . Then for each ordinal α the cardinalities of the αth derivatives and satisfy the following inequality
urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201600244:mana201600244-math-0010Moreover, if
urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201600244:mana201600244-math-0011then is a continuous image of a subset of which can be taken closed when K is compact. The first statement of this result for is a vector‐valued extension of a Cengiz's theorem and the second one is vector‐valued version of a Holsztyński's theorem. A simple example shows that the number is sharp in these vector‐valued theorems.
Characterization of the nociceptive effect of carrageenan: Masseter versus gastrocnemius
Authors: Bagüés Ana , Martín‐Fontelles M. Isabel , Esteban‐Hernández Jesús , Sánchez‐Robles Eva M.
Published: December 2016

Introduction

To better understand the pathophysiology of chronic muscle pain, there are multiple animal models that mimic different acute/chronic pain conditions, such as carrageenan injection. Our previous studies demonstrated differences between muscles of different innervation in acute pain. In this study we characterized the effect of carrageenan in 2 muscles: masseter (trigeminal innervation) and gastrocnemius (spinal innervation).

Methods

Carrageenan (3%, 6%, and 9%) was injected into the masseter and gastrocnemius of rats. Mechanical, heat, and chemical nociceptive thresholds were measured for 14 days.

Results

Carrageenan did not induce mechanical allodynia or thermal hypersensitivity in either muscle. Instead, it induced a short‐lasting mechanical hyperalgesia, greater in the masseter than in the gastrocnemius.

Conclusion

Carrageenan injected into the masseter and gastrocnemius induces a short‐lasting hyperalgesia. These results could indicate a higher susceptibility of orofacial muscles to this type of insult and, consequently, a difference between trigeminal and spinal innervation. Muscle Nerve 56: 804–813, 2017
Activating the AKT2–nuclear factor‐κB–lipocalin‐2 axis elicits an inflammatory response in age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Ghosh Sayan , Shang Peng , Yazdankhah Meysam , Bhutto Imran , Hose Stacey , Montezuma Sandra R , Luo Tianqi , Chattopadhyay Sreya , Qian Jiang , Lutty Gerard A , Ferrington Deborah A , Zigler, Jr J Samuel , Sinha Debasish
Published: December 2016

Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex and progressive degenerative eye disease resulting in severe loss of central vision. Recent evidence indicates that immune system dysregulation could contribute to the development of AMD. We hypothesize that defective lysosome‐mediated clearance causes accumulation of waste products in the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), activating the immune system and leading to retinal tissue injury and AMD. We have generated unique genetically engineered mice in which lysosome‐mediated clearance (both by phagocytosis and autophagy) in RPE cells is compromised, causing the development of features of early AMD. Our recent data indicate a link between lipocalin‐2 (LCN‐2) and the inflammatory responses induced in this mouse model. We show that nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and STAT‐1 may function as a complex in our animal model system, together controlling the upregulation of LCN‐2 expression in the retina and stimulating an inflammatory response. This study revealed increased infiltration of LCN‐2‐positive neutrophils in the choroid and retina of early AMD patients as compared with age‐matched controls. Our results demonstrate that, both in our animal model and in human AMD, the AKT2–NF‐κB–LCN‐2 signalling axis is involved in activating the inflammatory response, making this pathway a potential target for AMD treatment. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Size‐Tunable Synthesis of Hollow Gold Nanospheres through Control of Reaction Temperature
Authors: Pu Ying‐Chih , Song Frank , Zhang Weichun , Lindley Sarah , Adams Staci , Zhang Jin Z.
Published: December 2016

Here, it is demonstrated that the size tunable hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) of ≈24–122 nm in diameter can be facilely achieved by controlling a signal parameter, reaction temperature, in the synthesis. The varied particle sizes of HGNs result in highly tunable surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption in the entire visible to near infrared region of the spectrum, with maximum peak position from 565 to 850 nm when the reaction temperature is varied from 80 to 10 °C. The particle size and structural properties are determined using dynamic light scattering, transmission‐mode scanning electron microscopy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The optical properties are characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy. A mechanism behind the temperature‐dependent HGN synthesis is explained by the thermodynamics of homogeneous nuclei formation of the cobalt scaffold. Discrete dipole approximation calculations are performed to simulate the SPR spectrum and provide insight into the relation between the SPR absorption and structural details of the HGNs. This study demonstrates a simple yet effective method based on temperature control for synthesizing produce size tunable HGNs with varying properties of interest for different applications.
The last frontier in open science: Will open peer review transform scientific and scholarly publishing?
Authors: Wang Peiling , Hoyt Jason , Pöschl Ulrich , Wolfram Dietmar , Ingwersen Peter , Smith Richard , Bates Marcia
Published: December 2016

This interactive panel session will introduce and debate the notion of Open Peer Review (OPR), an emerging approach to peer review that stems from the Open Science Movement. In essence, OPR makes all aspects of the peer review process transparent and open to authors, reviewers and readers. Audience members will be polled on their knowledge of and attitudes towards OPR at the beginning of the session and will have an opportunity to join the debate after the panelists have provided their perspectives on the issues related to peer review and the potential for OPR. We welcome remote attendees to join the panel at https://tennessee.zoom.us/j/5849681809 (audio & video or audio only; computer or mobile) [Please contact peilingw@utk.edu or dwolfram@uwm.edu to sign up]
Diversity and multiculturalism of LIS education
Authors: Aytac Selenay , Ma Lai , Potnis Devendra , Rorissa Abebe , Chen Hsin Liang , Hu Xiao
Published: December 2016

The purpose of the panel is to raise the common questions about diversity and multiculturalism training in library schools, and engage the audience in a meaningful discussion about diversity and multiculturalism. We will discuss the importance of diversity and multiculturalism training in library and information science curricula by examining multiple countries/regions as case studies. We would be seeking answers to two major questions: “What do responsible library science educators need to do to educate librarians on diversity/multiculturalism/internationalism?” and “How can we educate future librarians so that they will have a greater perspective on diversity and multiculturalism?”
How is image seeking and use studied: Theoretical models and research methods: Sponsored by: SIG VIS, SIG AH, SIG DL, and SIG USE
Authors: Matusiak Krystyna K. , Rorissa Abebe , Albertson Dan , Yoon JungWon
Published: December 2016

The digital revolution is associated with the proliferation of visual resources and with the increasing use of images in teaching, scholarly activities, communication, and everyday information practices. Visual information seeking and use is a growing area of research in information science. The panel discussion will focus on theoretical and methodological approaches to studying how users seek, select, apply, and organize visual information in a range of information and communication practices. The discussion about theory and research methodologies will be complemented by an example of an empirical study and an inquiry into implications of social media for image use research. The panel will contribute to a better understanding of the current state of image research and will engage the scholarly community in a debate about research methodology and theory development.
Research perspectives on serendipity and information encountering
Authors: Erdelez Sanda , Heinström Jannica , Makri Stephann , Björneborn Lennart , Beheshti Jamshid , Toms Elaine , Agarwal Naresh Kumar
Published: December 2016

Serendipitous discovery has been a research topic for more than one hundred years, but only recently has it been the focus of attention in library and information science (LIS). In 1960, Bernier published the first article on serendipity in a LIS journal. The number of publications gradually grew until 1990s, after which the field experienced a significant interest by the LIS researchers. Currently, LIS researchers are studying serendipity and information encountering from different perspectives, ranging from analyzing various conceptual frameworks to conducting bibliometric studies and investigating factors that trigger and affect the phenomenon. The panel of experts will discuss the issues and challenges of conducting research in this new field of study in LIS.
“A right to ‘read’ for machines: Assessing a black‐box analysis exception for data mining”
Authors: Caspers Marco , Guibault Lucie
Published: December 2016

This panel looks into the impact of the current copyright framework in the European Union on text and data mining (TDM) and discusses the impact of introducing a TDM exception in EU copyright law. A design of this exception is proposed for the panel, and is partially based on findings in the Horizon 2020 FutureTDM project. This project aims to improve uptake of text and data mining (TDM) in the EU and, in that regard, has studied the legal barriers to TDM and will be developing and recommending a policy framework in the future. Part of this policy framework will consist of possible actions to be undertaken by the ‐European and national – legislators.

A TDM exception is considered to include in the recommendations and we therefore broach the topic to discuss the possible legal, economic and practical impact of such an exception with experts from the field. The TDM exception, as proposed for this panel, is inspired by the “black‐box analysis” exception from the Software Directive, which allows lawful users of a program to perform any of the acts of loading, displaying, running, transmitting or storing the program to “determine the ideas and principles” underlying it. The authors of the panel believe that this underlines the general principle of copyright law: namely, that ideas and facts are not protected. Therefore, proposition to be discussed is that a similar exception should be introduced for copyright law in general, that would allow reproductions to be made of works for the sole purpose of extracting facts and ideas underlying them. This would allow TDM activities, where machines ‘read’ lawfully accessed works just as the human reading of works does not require further authorization from the copyright holder.
Untangling data sharing and reuse in social sciences
Authors: Curty Renata , Yoon Ayoung , Jeng Wei , Qin Jian
Published: December 2016

The discipline of social science has unique research norms and cultures regarding data sharing and reuse that can be affected by complex factors related to context, time and dependence on human subjects. Compared with STEM disciplines, social sciences emphasize the protection of study participants and observees. Extra effort is required from reusers to preserve data interconnectedness in order to guarantee the data's understandability and informative value. In this panel, the panelists will present their research findings and provide perspective on social science data sharing and reuse, including factors that may influence data reuse behavior, researchers' trust judgment in data for data reuse, and infrastructural barriers and incentives for data sharing among social scientists. This panel aims to provide an overview of the current state of social science data reuse and sharing, and, in collaboration with panel participants, elicit topics for future research. It also proposes a practical agenda to develop alternative incentives for individual researchers, and potential ways in which data sharing and reuse can be improved, coordinated, and encouraged among social scientists.
Ethical tensions in research: The influence of metatheoretical orientation on research ethics
Authors: Barriage Sarah , Buente Wayne , Greifeneder Elke , Greyson Devon , Kitzie Vanessa , Morales Miraida , Todd Ross
Published: December 2016

When developing one's own research agenda, early and mid‐career researchers continually negotiate how best to meet ethical standards and resolve ethical constraints using methodologically sound approaches. Often such struggles occur behind closed doors, their outcomes reflected in the institutional language of an ethical review board. This panel seeks to bring these struggles to the forefront by having panelists who study various populations discuss how they approach ethical challenges in their research. Due to the nature of the groups these panelists study, the panel provides a context where the site of ethical struggles, challenges, and tensions are exacerbated. Key issues to be discussed are: informed consent, risks to participants, and research design and dissemination. Discussion of these issues will be oriented around each participant's metatheoretical orientation to research in library and information science (LIS). Adopting such an approach will highlight some of the main challenges when engaging in ethical practices that may not align with institutional standards, as well as denote possible strategies for addressing them.
Toward accessible course content: Challenges and opportunities for libraries and information systems
Authors: Fenlon Katrina , Wood Laura C. , Downie J. Stephen , Han Ruohua , Kinnaman Alex O.
Published: December 2016

The population of students with disabilities in post‐secondary institutions is significant and rising. The U.S. Department of Education reports that 11% of students, or more than two million students, in post‐secondary education report having a disability. Providing accessible versions of materials for courses is a core service of disability‐services offices in schools. Finding, obtaining, or generating accessible course content is a challenging process for disability‐services providers at institutions ranging from community colleges to research universities, many of which receive hundreds of individualized requests for content each semester. Although a range of sources and services to assist in this process have emerged, they are insufficient and inefficient because they keep people from working together on a complex, shared problem. In the summer of 2015, we conducted a qualitative study of the challenges facing disability services providers in U.S. post‐secondary institutions, in order to design and implement information systems that would enable large‐scale sharing of locally improved, accessible course content with qualified students in the U.S. This paper reports on the subset of our findings that addresses challenges to providing, sharing, and reusing accessible digital content. Our findings suggest that there are substantial opportunities for the LIS and library communities to apply our expertise to this gap in information services for an expanding population of students.
How can professional associations continue to stay relevant? Knowledge management to the rescue
Authors: Agarwal Naresh Kumar , Islam Md Anwarul
Published: December 2016

Professional associations across various fields have largely been struggling to stay relevant. Many have been watching a steady decline in membership numbers over the years. In many cases, members who join do not renew their membership. Existing members complain about the association not giving enough value for their membership dues. While the association does all the right things that it has been doing for the years since its existence, there is often a gap in what a changing membership base or potential audience for membership demands and what the association is able to deliver. In such a scenario, what must associations do to change the tide, to continue to stay relevant, to stem the decline, and to attract new members, and retain the ones they have? Using literature from knowledge management (KM), especially Agarwal & Marouf (2014)'s KM adoption framework, Nonaka & Takeuchi (1995)'s SECI model, and Agarwal & Islam (2014)'s KM Tools framework, and a study of the websites of professional associations in library and information science, this paper proposes a thriving KM strategy as a way for professional associations to not just survive, but to thrive. The ideas presented would be relevant to the leadership of professional associations.
Investigating singapore's altmetric landscape
Authors: Erdt Moijsola , Aw Ashley Sara , Aung Htet Htet , Mohammadi Ehsan , Theng Yin‐Leng
Published: December 2016

Altmetrics is an emerging measure for academic impact and it is gaining in global importance. In this paper, we analyse the altmetric landscape of Singapore, a young nation with a fast growing international research sector. We aim to find out if the coverage of altmetrics across the different disciplines is increasing along with the fast increase in the amount of research publications in recent years. We also look into how altmetrics relate to traditional citation counts as a measure of research impact. From our results, we see that there is overall an 18% coverage of altmetrics of Singapore publications from 2009 to 2013. The number of publications with available altmetric data has also been increasing over the years for most disciplines. Correlation results between citation counts and altmetrics show medium to low correlations with distinct differences amongst the various disciplines. A high coverage of altmetrics however does not seem to lead to larger correlations with citation counts. Singapore thus remains an intriguing case study to watch in the coming years.