bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traducciones hispanas de libros de higiene franceses en los primeros cinco años del siglo XIX
Authors: Ramírez Martín Susana María
Published: January 2017

La higiene y la salud pública son temas que preocupan no solo a la medicina, sino también a la política. Desde el descubrimiento de la vacuna contra la viruela, se conoce que para la prevención de los contagios es necesaria la higiene. Con la llegada del siglo XIX, se comienza a traducir libros franceses con este tema. Bartolomé José Gallardo (1800) y Antonio Ballano (1803) traducen la obra de Jean Baptiste Pressavin; Luis María Mejía (1801) trasladará la obra de Étienne Tourtelle; Juan de Rivera y Céspedes (1801) se encarga de la obra de François-Emmanuel Foderé y Joaquín Serrano (1803) traducirá la obra de Étienne Louis Geoffroy.  Palabras clave: higiene; medicina preventiva; salud pública; traducción al español; publicaciones francesas.
J. Romains’ and M. Tourneur’s Creative Transposition of Volpone
Authors: Ribes Traver Purificación
Published: January 2017

We are well aware that, no matter how valuable a text may be, its afterlife in other cultural and linguistic contexts is heavily dependent on the translator’s ability to meet the needs and expectations of its target audience. This is precisely what French screenwriter Jules Romains and film director Maurice Tourneur did when adapting Jonson’s Volpone [1940] for the new medium at the advent of sound films. It is the aim of this article to cast light on their creative transposition of Ben Jonson’s theatrical masterpiece.  Keywords: Romains; Tourneur; Volpone; creative transposition
Physiologic Response to HIPEC: Sifting Through Perturbation to Identify Markers of Complications
Authors: Plackett Timothy P. , Ton-That Hieu H. , Mosier Michael J. , Abood Gerard J. , Kuo Paul C. , Pappas Sam G.
Published: January 2017

Context: The postoperative physiologic response to hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has been poorly studied outside of the immediate perioperative time.

Objective: To characterize the physiologic response during the first 5 days after HIPEC and identify variables associated with major complications.

Methods: Patients undergoing HIPEC and cytoreductive surgery during a 14-month interval were retrospectively identified and their records reviewed for demographics, physiologic response, and major complications. Vital signs and laboratory results were recorded before the operation, immediately after the procedure, and for the first 5 postoperative days.

Results: Thirty-three patients were included. The mean body temperature and heart rate were elevated on postoperative day 1 compared with baseline (preoperative) status (37.1°C vs 36.6°C and 103 vs 78 beats/min, respectively) and remained elevated through postoperative day 5. The mean arterial pressure was lower on postoperative day 1 (73 mm Hg) but returned to baseline on postoperative day 3 (93 mm Hg). Mean creatinine level increased on postoperative day 1 (0.96 mg/dL) but returned to baseline on postoperative day 2 (0.87 mg/dL). Fourteen patients (42%) had major complications. The strongest predictors of major complications were a prolonged operative time (519 vs 403 minutes) and extreme changes in body temperature and renal function.

Conclusions: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy results in a hypermetabolic response that partially returns to baseline around postoperative day 3. Elevated body temperature and impaired renal function are the best predictors of major complications.
Osteopathic Philosophy and Manipulation Enhancement Program: Influence on Osteopathic Medical Students’ Interest in Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine
Authors: Volokitin Mikhail , Ganapathiraju Pavan V.
Published: January 2017

Context: Interest in osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) among first- and second-year osteopathic medical students typically declines toward the end of the second year of medical school. An osteopathic philosophy and manipulation enhancement (OPME) program was implemented for osteopathic medical students to gain additional exposure to OMM at the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine in New York, New York.

Objective: To assess how additional exposure to OMM through the OPME program influenced first- and second-year students’ interest in using OMM.

Methods: A survey of first- and second-year osteopathic medical students was conducted at the end of the school years to evaluate students’ demographics, exposure to OMM before matriculation, reasons for participating in the OPME program, and level of interest in OMM before and after participating in the OPME program.

Results: Of 390 students, 204 returned the survey. Respondents reported that their exposure to OMM before enrollment was mostly from reading about OMM philosophy (112 [54.9%]). Respondents also gained exposure from learning about OMM from family members or friends who had been treated by an osteopathic physician (37 [18.1%]), shadowing an osteopathic physician before matriculation (33 [16.2%]), and being treated by an osteopathic physician themselves (22 [10.8%]). After the OPME sessions, respondents reported improved practical skills (98 of 170 [57.6%]) and increased level of confidence in applying OMM (87 of 170 [51.2%]). Nearly half of respondents reported that being treated by a faculty member (100 [49.0%]) was very likely to increase their level of interest in OMM, followed by treating other classmates (77 [37.7%]) and being treated by classmates (73 [35.8%]).

Conclusion: The OPME program improved students’ interest in OMM and can be modified and implemented in any college of osteopathic medicine.
Direct observation of microstructures on superconducting single crystals of KxFe2−
ySe2
Authors: Tanaka Masashi , Takeya Hiroyuki , Takano Yoshihiko
Published: January 2017

Potassium-intercalated FeSe has been reported as a superconductor with a superconducting transition temperature (T
c) of 30–48 K. However, the relationship among the surface morphology, compositional ratio, and crystal structure has not yet been clarified. This report directly reveals the correspondence among these three characteristics in single crystals with a T
c onset of around 44 K by using a microsampling technique. Island-like parts on the surface of the crystals clearly exhibit the K
x
Fe2Se2 structure with perfect FeSe layers, which is formed in conjunction with the K2Fe4Se5 phase. This results in the appearance of the T
c onset at 44 K.
Taxonomic revision and molecular phylogenetics of theIdarnes incertusspecies-group (Hymenoptera, Agaonidae, Sycophaginae)
Authors: Farache Fernando H.A. , Cruaud Astrid , Genson Gwenaëlle , Rasplus Jean-Yves , Pereira Rodrigo A.S.
Published: January 2017

Sycophaginae is a group of non-pollinating fig wasps considered closely related to the fig pollinators (Agaoninae, Tetrapusiinae, and Kradibiinae) in the most recent phylogenetic analyses. They occur in all tropical regions and are associated withFicussubgeneraUrostigmaandSycomorus. There are six described genera of Sycophaginae, and two are native and confined to the Neotropics, namelyIdarnesWalker, 1843 andAnidarnesBouček, 1993. GenusIdarnesis divided into three morphologically distinct groups that were proven to be monophyletic by recent molecular phylogenetic analyses. In this paper we reviewed theIdarnes incertusspecies-group and provide detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations for the species belonging to this group. Three previously described species were redescribed:I. brasiliensis(Mayr, 1906)comb. nov.,I. hansoniBouček, 1993, andI. incertus(Ashmead, 1900). Seventeen new species are described by Farache and Rasplus:I. amacayacuensissp. n.,I. amazonicussp. n.,I. americanaesp. n.,I. badiovertexsp. n.,I. brevissp. n.,I. brunneussp. n.,I. comptonisp. n.,I. cremersiaesp. n.,I. dimorphicussp. n.,I. flavicrussp. n.,I. flaviventrissp. n.,I. gibberosussp. n.,I. gordhisp. n.,I. maximussp. n.,I. nigriventrissp. n.,I. pseudoflavussp. n.andI. ramirezisp. n.We provided keys for the identification of the species as well as for recognising the different species-groups ofIdarnesand a closely related genus (SycophagaWestwood, 1840). Additionally, phylogenetic relationships among 13 species of theI. incertusspecies-group were inferred using four molecular markers and discussed in the light ofFicustaxonomy and host specificity.
Transcriptomic analysis of diplomonad parasites reveals a trans-spliced intron in a helicase gene in Giardia
Authors: William Roy Scott
Published: January 2017

Background

The mechanisms by which DNA sequences are expressed is the central preoccupation of molecular genetics. Recently, ourselves and others reported that in the diplomonad protist Giardia lamblia, the coding regions of several mRNAs are produced by ligation of independent RNA species expressed from distinct genomic loci. Such trans-splicing of introns was found to affect nearly as many genes in this organism as does classical cis-splicing of introns. These findings raised questions about the incidence of intron trans-splicing both across the G. lambliatranscriptome and across diplomonad diversity in general, however a dearth of transcriptomic data at the time prohibited systematic study of these questions.

Methods

I leverage newly available transcriptomic data from G. lamblia and the related diplomonad Spironucleus salmonicidato search for trans-spliced introns. My computational pipeline recovers all four previously reported trans-spliced introns in G. lamblia, suggesting good sensitivity.

Results

Scrutiny of thousands of potential cases revealed only a single additional trans-spliced intron in G. lamblia, in the p68 helicase gene, and no cases in S. salmonicida. The p68 intron differs from the previously reported trans-spliced introns in its high degree of streamlining: the core features of G. lamblia trans-spliced introns are closely packed together, revealing striking economy in the implementation of a seemingly inherently uneconomical molecular mechanism.

Discussion

These results serve to circumscribe the role of trans-splicing in diplomonads both in terms of the number of genes effected and taxonomically. Future work should focus on the molecular mechanisms, evolutionary origins and phenotypic implications of this intriguing phenomenon.
Submesoscale cyclones in the Agulhas current
Authors: Krug M. , Swart S. , Gula J.
Published: January 2017

Gliders were deployed for the first time in the Agulhas Current region to investigate processes of interactions between western boundary currents and shelf waters. Continuous observations from the gliders in water depths of 100–1000 m and over a period of 1 month provide the first high‐resolution observations of the Agulhas Current's inshore front. The observations collected in a nonmeandering Agulhas Current show the presence of submesoscale cyclonic eddies, generated at the inshore boundary of the Agulhas Current. The submesoscale cyclones are often associated with warm water plumes, which extend from their western edge and exhibit strong northeastward currents. These features are a result of shear instabilities and extract their energy from the mean Agulhas Current jet.
Localized polar cap precipitation in association with nonstorm time airglow patches
Authors: Zou Ying , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Lyons Larry R. , Shiokawa Kazuo
Published: January 2017

Although airglow patches are traditionally regarded as high‐density ionospheric plasma unrelated to local precipitation, past observations were limited to disturbed conditions. Recent nonstorm time observations show patches to be associated with ionospheric flow channels and localized field‐aligned currents. We examine whether nonstorm time patches are related also to polar cap precipitation using Fast Auroral Snapshot‐imager conjunctions. We have identified localized precipitation that is enhanced within patches in comparison to the weak polar rain outside patches. The precipitation consists of structured or diffuse soft electron fluxes. While the latter resembles polar rain only with higher fluxes, the former consists of discrete fluxes enhanced by 1–2 orders of magnitude from several to several hundred eV. Therefore, patches should be regarded as part of a localized magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling system along open magnetic field lines and their transpolar evolution as a reflection of mesoscale magnetotail lobe processes. The precipitation a minor contributor to patch ionization.
Cascadia subduction slab heterogeneity revealed by three‐dimensional receiver function Kirchhoff migration
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Bodin Thomas , Tauzin Benoit , Allen Richard M.
Published: January 2017

We present a 3‐D model of upper mantle seismic discontinuity structure below Cascadia using a receiver function Kirchhoff migration method. A careful analysis of the primary and multiple reverberated phases allows imaging of the Juan de Fuca plate dipping below the North American continent. The subducting slab is observed as an eastward dipping signal at all latitudes. We associate this signal with a thermal gradient between the slab and surrounding mantle, rather than a sharp chemical discontinuity. Our model also shows along‐strike variations in the dipping angle and strength of this signal. To the southern and northern ends of the subduction system, the signal is clearly observed down to ~300 km. However, beneath central Oregon, this structure is missing below ~150 km depth. We propose that this gap is due to weakening of the slab beneath central Oregon possibly caused by deformation and hydration combined with plume‐slab interaction processes after subduction.
Detailed spatiotemporal evolution of microseismicity and repeating earthquakes following the 2012 Mw 7.6 Nicoya earthquake
Authors: Yao Dongdong , Walter Jacob I. , Meng Xiaofeng , Hobbs Tiegan E. , Peng Zhigang , Newman Andrew V. , Schwartz Susan Y. , Protti Marino
Published: January 2017

We apply a waveform matching technique to obtain a detailed earthquake catalog around the rupture zone of the 5 September 2012 moment magnitude 7.6 Nicoya earthquake, with emphasis on its aftershock sequence. Starting from a preliminary catalog, we relocate ~7900 events using TomoDD to better quantify their spatiotemporal behavior. Relocated aftershocks are mostly clustered in two groups. The first is immediately above the major coseismic slip patch, partially overlapping with shallow afterslip. The second one is 50 km SE to the main shock nucleation point and near the terminus of coseismic rupture, in a zone that exhibited little resolvable afterslip. Using the relocated events as templates, we scan through the continuous recording from 29 June 2012 to 30 December 2012, detecting approximately 17 times more than template events. We find 190 aftershocks in the first half hour following the main shock, mostly along the plate interface. Later events become more scattered in location, showing moderate expansion in both along‐trench and downdip directions. From the detected catalog we identify 53 repeating aftershock clusters with mean cross‐correlation values larger than 0.9, and indistinguishably intracluster event locations, suggesting slip on the same fault patch. Most repeating clusters occurred within the first major aftershock group. Very few repeating clusters were found in the aftershock grouping along the southern edge of the Peninsula, which is not associated with substantial afterslip. Our observations suggest that loading from nearby afterslip along the plate interface drives spatiotemporal evolution of aftershocks just above the main shock rupture patch, while aftershocks in the SE group are to the SE of the observed updip afterslip and poorly constrained.
Comparing simulated PSC optical properties with CALIPSO observations during the 2010 Antarctic winter
Authors: Zhu Yunqian , Toon Owen B. , Pitts Michael C. , Lambert Alyn , Bardeen Charles , Kinnison Douglas E.
Published: January 2017

We simulate polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) during the Antarctic winter of 2010 using the Specified Dynamics version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model/Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (SD‐WACCM/CARMA) model. The current PSC model contains microphysical schemes for supercooled ternary solutions (STS) and nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles, as well as a prognostic treatment for PSC ice particles and dehydration. Our simulations and CALIPSO satellite data suggest two major NAT particle formation mechanisms. The first mechanism is the nucleation of NAT from STS. Our model, with homogeneous nucleation rates of NAT from STS constrained by observations from the Arctic winter of 2010–2011, reproduces optical properties observed by CALIPSO over Antarctica in May and the timing of denitrification observed by the Microwave Limb Sounder within their uncertainties. On the other hand, the CALIPSO data indicate that our simulations are missing clouds containing small NAT particles with large number densities. We suggest these particles are most likely to form from ice clouds or STS in gravity waves, as found by previous investigations. The simulated cloud coverage agrees with the CALIPSO cloud coverage within a few percent on average with a correlation coefficient of 0.83. However, using the CALIPSO classification algorithm, simulated ice clouds often fall into Mix categories under the denitrified and dehydrated conditions. The model needs an improved ice microphysical representation, not only to allow ice particles to be a source of NAT but also to provide information on ice cloud particle number and size so that ice cloud optical properties can be more precisely calculated for comparison with CALIPSO data.
Influence of atmospheric waves on the maintenance and variability of the southern subtropical jet in winter
Authors: Kuroda Yuhji
Published: January 2017

The mechanisms behind the maintenance and variability of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) winter subtropical jet are examined, in comparison with those of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) jet. It is found that atmospheric waves play an important role in setting the climatological jet position and controlling its variability on various time scales. The mechanisms of maintenance and variability are broadly very similar in the two hemispheres, but low‐frequency transient waves and synoptic waves play major roles in maintaining the climatological jet and in forcing monthly time scale variability, respectively, in the SH, whereas stationary waves are dominant for both roles in the NH. Accordingly, the 1 month lagged autocorrelation for the subtropical jet zonal wind is found to be much smaller in the SH than in the NH.
Sorting out compositional trends in sedimentary rocks of the Bradbury group (Aeolis Palus), Gale crater, Mars
Authors: Siebach K. L. , Baker M. B. , Grotzinger J. P. , McLennan S. M. , Gellert R. , Thompson L. M. , Hurowitz J. A.
Published: January 2017

Sedimentary rocks are composed of detrital grains derived from source rocks, which are altered by chemical weathering, sorted during transport, and cemented during diagenesis. Fluvio‐lacustrine sedimentary rocks of the Bradbury group, observed on the floor of Gale crater by the Curiosity rover during its first 860 Martian solar days, show trends in bulk chemistry that are consistent with sorting of mineral grains during transport. The Bradbury group rocks are uniquely suited for sedimentary provenance analysis because they appear to have experienced negligible cation loss (i.e., open‐system chemical weathering) at the scale of the Alpha Particle X‐ray Spectrometer bulk chemistry analyses based on low Chemical Index of Alteration values and successful modeling of >90% of the (volatile‐free) targets as mixtures of primary igneous minerals. Significant compositional variability between targets is instead correlated to grain‐size and textural characteristics of the rocks; the coarsest‐grained targets are enriched in Al2O3, SiO2, and Na2O, whereas the finer‐grained targets are enriched in mafic components. This is consistent with geochemical and mineralogical modeling of the segregation of coarse‐grained plagioclase from finer‐grained mafic minerals (e.g., olivine and pyroxenes), which would be expected from hydrodynamic sorting of the detritus from mechanical breakdown of subalkaline plagioclase‐phyric basalts. While the presence of a distinctive K2O‐rich stratigraphic interval shows that input from at least one distinctive alkali‐feldspar‐rich protolith contributed to basin fill, the dominant compositional trends in the Bradbury group are consistent with sorting of detrital minerals during transport from relatively homogeneous plagioclase‐phyric basalts.
Thermal Cycling Behavior of Thin WC‐Co Sintered Pellets
Authors: Álvarez Esteben A. , García José Luis , González Oliver Carlos J. R.
Published: January 2017

Hexagonal WC crystal phase, with a and c axis slightly larger than expected is obtained for thin sintered (at 1 400 ºC under vacuum) WC‐20wt% Co samples having no extra carbon added. This effect can be associated with the elastoplastic hysteretic thermal expansion behavior detected in the thin disks and to the associated observed anisotropy showing a higher expansivity in the axial compared to the in‐plane direction. By using a two phase model where the matrix is WC and the second phase is Co, it can be computed (from expansion data) that tensile forces are acting at room temperature in both directions for the examined specimen. By heating to about 50–80 ºC the strains/stresses become compressive as expected for WC‐20wt% Co.
Layer‐Number Dependent Optical Properties of 2D Materials and Their Application for Thickness Determination
Authors: Li Xiao‐Li , Han Wen‐Peng , Wu Jiang‐Bin , Qiao Xiao‐Fen , Zhang Jun , Tan Ping‐Heng
Published: January 2017

The quantum confinement in atomic scale and the presence of interlayer coupling in multilayer make the electronic and optical properties of 2D materials (2DMs) be dependent on the layer number (N) from monolayer to multilayer. Optical properties of 2DMs have been widely probed by several optical techniques, such as optical contrast, Rayleigh scattering, Raman spectroscopy, optical absorption, photoluminescence, and second harmonic generation. Here, it is reviewed how optical properties of several typical 2DMs (e.g., monolayer and multilayer graphenes, transition metal dichalcogenides) probed by these optical techniques significantly depend on N. Further, it has been demonstrated how these optical techniques service as fast and nondestructive approaches for N counting or thickness determination of these typical 2DM flakes. The corresponding approaches can be extended to the whole 2DM family produced by micromechanical exfoliations, chemical‐vapor‐deposition growth, or transfer processes on various substrates, which bridges the gap between the characterization and international standardization for thickness determination of 2DM flakes.
Design and construction of an equipment for the determination of solubility of gases in liquids
Authors: Garzon Luis C. A. , Romero Carmen M. , Suarez Andres F.
Published: January 2017

This article presents the design and construction of a new isochoric saturation apparatus for the determination of gas solubility in liquids based on the gas drop pressure method. The major improvement of this design is the separation between the solubility and the gas cells. With this separation, the change of pressure and temperature inside the system is minimum when the gas gets in contact with the liquid and it allows degassing the liquid in an easy way. The performance of the equipment was evaluated measuring the solubility of argon and nitrogen in pure water at 283.15, 288.15, 293.15, and 298.15 K. The gas solubility was calculated according to the Henry's law. The results obtained and the comparison with literature values show that the equipment provides an accurate and precise method for determination of gas solubility in water. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 3105–3109, 2017
DABCO‐Promoted Decarboxylative Acylation: Synthesis of α‐Keto and α,β‐Unsaturated Amides or Esters
Authors: Zhang Jun‐Rong , Liao Yan‐Yan , Deng Jian‐Chao , Tang Zi‐Liang , Xu Yuan‐Lin , Xu Li , Tang Ri‐Yuan
Published: January 2017

1,4‐Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) was found to be an effective reagent for decarboxylative acylation of carboxylic acids with carbamic chlorides or alkyl carbonochloridates. In the absence of a metal catalyst, carboxylic acids such as α‐ketocarboxylic, cinnamic and arylpropiolic acids, underwent the decarboxylative acylation smoothly to afford various α‐keto (or α,β‐unsaturated) amides and esters in good to excellent yields.
Pd and Ni complexes of a novel vinylidene β‐diketimine ligand: Their application as catalysts in Heck coupling and alkyne trimerization
Authors: Beesam Raghavendra , Nareddula Dastagiri Reddy
Published: January 2017

A β‐diketimine ligand with vinylidene substitution at γ‐carbon, CH2C(CH3CNAr)2 (Ar = 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl) (L2), was synthesized by treating β‐diketimine H2C(CH3CNAr)2 with n‐BuLi followed by paraformaldehyde. L2 formed the homobimetallic ether‐bridged β‐diketiminate complex [O{(CH2‐β‐diketiminate)Pd(OAc)}2] (1) with (PdOAc)2. It also gave complexes [L2PdCl2] (2) and [L2NiBr2] (3) when treated with PdCl2(CH3CN)2 and NiBr2(dimethoxyethane), respectively. All the compounds were characterized using 1H/13C NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The catalytic activity of Pd and Ni complexes 1, 2 and 3 was explored in Heck coupling and alkyne trimerization reactions and it was found that they are very good catalysts. The results are reported in detail.
Metallated porphyrin noncovalent interaction with reduced graphene oxide‐modified electrode for amperometric detection of environmental pollutant hydrazine
Authors: Sakthinathan Subramanian , Kubendhiran Subbiramaniyan , Chen Shen‐Ming , Govindasamy Mani , Al‐Hemaid Fahad M.A. , Ajmal Ali M. , Tamizhdurai P. , Sivasanker S.
Published: January 2017

A reduced graphene oxide/platinum(II) tetraphenylporphyrin nanocomposite (RGO/Pt‐TPP)‐modified glassy carbon electrode was developed for the selective detection of hydrazine. The RGO/Pt‐TPP nanocomposite was successfully prepared via noncovalent π–π stacking interaction. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance, electrochemical impedance, ultraviolet–visible and Raman spectroscopies, scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The electrochemical detection of hydrazine was performed via cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. The RGO/Pt‐TPP nanocomposite exhibited good electrocatalytic activity towards detection of hydrazine with low overpotential and high oxidation peak current. The fabricated sensor exhibited a wide linear range from 13 nM to 232 μM and a detection limit of 5 nM. In addition, the fabricated sensor selectively detected hydrazine even in the presence of 500‐fold excess of common interfering ions. The fabricated electrode exhibited good sensitivity, stability, repeatability and reproducibility. In addition, the practical applicability of the sensor was evaluated in various water samples with acceptable recoveries.
Quantitative evaluation of rate‐determining steps in polymer complexation
Authors: Hatanaka Masashi , Nishino Kazuma , Miyasaka Makoto
Published: January 2017

A quantitative method to find the rate determining steps in the ion‐adsorption kinetics of polymer complexation agents is theoretically formulated and experimentally established. The degree of film‐diffusion control and particle‐diffusion control is simultaneously evaluated based on the law of addition of kinetic resistances combined with Einstein's viscosity expression. The change in the initial rate with respect to the resin concentration was scrutinized by plotting the effective rate constant versus the initial rate, and the film mass transfer coefficient was calculated. This is a concise and practical procedure to analyze the rate determining steps of polymer complexation kinetics. The validity of the method was confirmed by studying the adsorption of Cu(II) ion on crosslinked chitosans. In these materials, the importance of film diffusion was found both in adsorption and desorption processes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44738.
Improving the charged and antifouling properties of PVDF ultrafiltration membranes by blending with polymerized ionic liquid copolymer P(MMA‐b‐MEBIm‐Br)
Authors: Du Chunhui , Ma Xumin , Li Jing , Wu Chunjin
Published: January 2017

This study describes the fabrication and properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) filtration membranes modified by blending with ionic liquid block copolymer P(MMA‐b‐MEBIm‐Br), which is synthesized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization method. The attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron analyses reveal that the ionic liquid block copolymers are immobilized on PVDF membrane surface. The modified PVDF membrane exhibits excellent charged and antifouling properties because of the charged and hydrophilic properties of the copolymer. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy also indicate the morphological characteristics of the membrane and demonstrate that the surface porous structure becomes denser after adding the copolymer. The data of filtration and the zeta potential of the membranes suggest that the charged properties of the ionic liquid block copolymers are mainly responsible for the improvement of the reversible fouling ratio and the decrease in the total fouling ratio of the membranes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44751.
The Energy Trilemma and the Smart Grid: Implications Beyond the United States
Authors: Oliver Jeannie , Sovacool Benjamin
Published: January 2017

This article argues that smart grid technologies enable policy‐makers and communities to successfully manage enduring energy policy concerns. It defines what ‘smart’ energy technologies, grids and policies mean, and then evaluates how the smart grid can enable policy‐makers to respond to an emerging energy ‘trilemma’. Drawing on case studies from the United States, the article suggests that the automated communications enabled by smart grid technologies significantly benefit each dimension of the energy trilemma: economic, social and environmental. However, successful smart grid implementation requires smart communication beyond technology. Failure to engage with customers through targeted communication, or to adequately address customers' privacy concerns, risks alienating customers, threatening the value of the smart grid investment. This article concludes that, with smart communication, both technical and human, the smart grid is an important step towards a sustainable energy future for stakeholders well beyond the United States.
Birnbaum–Saunders frailty regression models: Diagnostics and application to medical data
Authors: Leão Jeremias , Leiva Víctor , Saulo Helton , Tomazella Vera
Published: January 2017

In survival models, some covariates affecting the lifetime could not be observed or measured. These covariates may correspond to environmental or genetic factors and be considered as a random effect related to a frailty of the individuals explaining their survival times. We propose a methodology based on a Birnbaum–Saunders frailty regression model, which can be applied to censored or uncensored data. Maximum‐likelihood methods are used to estimate the model parameters and to derive local influence techniques. Diagnostic tools are important in regression to detect anomalies, as departures from error assumptions and presence of outliers and influential cases. Normal curvatures for local influence under different perturbations are computed and two types of residuals are introduced. Two examples with uncensored and censored real‐world data illustrate the proposed methodology. Comparison with classical frailty models is carried out in these examples, which shows the superiority of the proposed model.
Illegal downloading of pop music among university students in Taiwan: An agent‐based model simulation
Authors: Pai Chi‐Ling , Chie Bin‐Tzong
Published: January 2017

The lifestyle and consumption patterns of the current mobile generation (m‐generation), born after the Internet gained popularity, have changed dramatically. This study investigated university students' consumption attitude toward pop music and their behavior of illegally downloading such music by considering different law enforcement environments. In the first stage of our study, we designed and administered a questionnaire survey and collected 424 responses. The valid sample size was 394. On the basis of the sample, we developed a behavioral model that could be customized according to individual observation. In the second stage, we developed an agent‐based model for performing a simulation.

This study divided law enforcement environments into combinations of the probability of being arrested engaging in illegal downloading behavior and the financial penalty after being caught. The results revealed that in an environment where the strength of law enforcement is increased, the agents' willingness to illegally download music in the model decreases. This empirical study highlighted that the deterrent effects in both the real world and simulated model were more sensitive to the probability of being caught primarily because of illegal downloading behavior.

Therefore, the study suggests that for the m‐generation of the post‐Internet age, the most feasible approach to achieving instant results is through effective and certain law enforcement, which can effectively reduce the copyright infringement in the pop music industry caused by illegal downloading. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypoglycemia evaluation and reporting in diabetes: Importance for the development of new therapies
Authors: Klonoff David C. , Alexander Fleming G. , Muchmore Douglas B. , Frier Brian M.
Published: January 2017

Hypoglycemia complicating diabetes therapy is well recognized to be an ever‐present threat to patients, their families, providers, payers, and regulators. Despite this being widely acknowledged, the regulatory stance on hypoglycemia as an endpoint in clinical trials to support new product registration has not evolved in any meaningful way since the publication of a position paper by an American Diabetes Association (ADA) Workgroup in 2005. As the impact of hypoglycemia on persons affected by diabetes is of major importance when assessing new treatments, the historical position of regulatory agencies on hypoglycemia is reviewed with respect to product approvals. The purpose of this article is to present proposals for facilitating development of therapies that reduce hypoglycemia risk through (1) development of composite measures of benefit for regulatory endpoints and (2) facilitation of the fulfillment of an unmet clinical need for reducing hypoglycemia. In view of greater comprehension of the effects of hypoglycemia, coupled with improved methodology to assess its frequency, the authors recommend: (1) a numerical cut point of <54 mg/dl (<3.0 mmol/L) as a clinically relevant level with which to define meaningful hypoglycemia for trials of diabetes therapies; (2) utilization in clinical trials of mature glucose monitoring technologies for purposes of regulatory evaluation and clinical decision‐making; and (3) development of primary efficacy endpoint composites that include hypoglycemia rates and glycemic control.
Anisotropic slope limiting for discontinuous Galerkin methods
Authors: Aizinger Vadym , Kosík Adam , Kuzmin Dmitri , Reuter Balthasar
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we present an anisotropic version of a vertex‐based slope limiter for discontinuous Galerkin methods. The limiting procedure is carried out locally on each mesh element utilizing the bounds defined at each vertex by the largest and smallest mean value from all elements containing the vertex. The application of this slope limiter guarantees the preservation of monotonicity. Unnecessary limiting of smooth directional derivatives is prevented by constraining the x and y components of the gradient separately. As an inexpensive alternative to optimization‐based methods based on solving small linear programming problems, we propose a simple operator splitting technique for calculating the correction factors for the x and y derivatives. We also provide the necessary generalizations for using the anisotropic limiting strategy in an arbitrary rotated frame of reference and in the vicinity of exterior boundaries with no Dirichlet information. The limiting procedure can be extended to elements of arbitrary polygonal shape and three dimensions in a straightforward fashion. The performance of the new anisotropic slope limiter is illustrated by two‐dimensional numerical examples that employ piecewise linear discontinuous Galerkin approximations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mapping complementary features of cross‐species structural connectivity to construct realistic “Virtual Brains”
Authors: Bezgin Gleb , Solodkin Ana , Bakker Rembrandt , Ritter Petra , McIntosh Anthony R.
Published: January 2017

Modern systems neuroscience increasingly leans on large‐scale multi‐lab neuroinformatics initiatives to provide necessary capacity for biologically realistic modeling of primate whole‐brain activity. Here, we present a framework to assemble primate brain's biologically plausible anatomical backbone for such modeling initiatives. In this framework, structural connectivity is determined by adding complementary information from invasive macaque axonal tract tracing and non‐invasive human diffusion tensor imaging. Both modalities are combined by means of available interspecies registration tools and a newly developed Bayesian probabilistic modeling approach to extract common connectivity evidence. We demonstrate how this novel framework is embedded in the whole‐brain simulation platform called The Virtual Brain (TVB). Hum Brain Mapp 38:2080–2093, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Closing the PDF gap: ReadCube’s experiments in reader‐focused design
Authors: Hodgson Alex , Schlager Lucas
Published: January 2017

Key points

Twenty years ago, a fraction of articles were paired with supplements; now, one in five research stories go beyond PDF.

Why has the evolution of research content's delivery vehicles lagged behind the evolution of the research story?

Hyperlinked in‐line references are the most used feature of the Enhanced PDF – exposing faster, easier ways to follow the path of research.

Discovery need not start and end with the search engine – it can start within the PDF itself.

Discovery is not a solitary process; therefore, content platforms must support collaboration to drive readership.
Discovery systems: Are they now the library?
Authors: Akeroyd John
Published: January 2017

Key points

Library discovery systems have become successfully embedded in many academic and specialist libraries.

Such systems require excellent metadata to ensure discoverability of content and increasingly publishers are charged with delivering that.

Libraries’ traditional role in organizing their collections for effective discovery is being usurped by these outsourced systems.
Hyperbranched Polymers Formed through Irreversible Step Polymerization of AB2‐Type Monomer in a Continuous Flow Stirred‐Tank Reactor (CSTR)
Authors: Tobita Hidetaka
Published: January 2017

Hyperbranched polymers formed through step polymerization of AB2‐type monomer with equal reactivity for both B groups in a continuous flow stirred‐tank reactor (CSTR) are investigated theoretically. The weight fraction distribution at high molecular weight tail follows a power law, W(P) ∝ P
−1/ξ for ξ ≤ 0.5 with , where is the mean residence time. The degree of branching (DB) at the large degree of polymerization (P) limit is DB
P→∞ = 0.6 irrespective of the ξ‐value, which is larger than the case for the corresponding batch polymerization that gives DB
P→∞ = 0.5. The relationship between the radius of gyration 〈s
2〉0 and P shows that the hyperbranched polymers formed in a CSTR are very compact, and the 〈s
2〉0‐values for large polymers are even smaller than the smallest possible case for a batch reactor with DB
P→∞ = 1. For large polymers, the power law 〈s
2〉0∝P
 1/3 holds, which is 〈s
2〉0∝P
 1/2 for batch polymerization.

image
Stability and Neimark–Sacker bifurcation of a ratio‐dependence predator–prey model
Authors: Khan Abdul Qadeer
Published: January 2017

In this paper, stability and bifurcation of a two‐dimensional ratio‐dependence predator–prey model has been studied in the close first quadrant
. It is proved that the model undergoes a period‐doubling bifurcation in a small neighborhood of a boundary equilibrium and moreover, Neimark–Sacker bifurcation occurs at a unique positive equilibrium. We study the Neimark–Sacker bifurcation at unique positive equilibrium by choosing b as a bifurcation parameter. Some numerical simulations are presented to illustrate theocratical results. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined miRNA profiling and proteomics demonstrates that different miRNAs target a common set of proteins to promote colorectal cancer metastasis
Authors: Torres Sofía , Garcia‐Palmero Irene , Bartolomé Rubén A , Fernandez‐Aceñero María Jesús , Molina Elena , Calviño Eva , Segura Miguel F , Casal J Ignacio
Published: January 2017

The process of liver colonization in colorectal cancer remains poorly characterized. Here, we addressed the role of microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation in metastasis. We first compared miRNA expression profiles between colorectal cancer cell lines with different metastatic properties and then identified target proteins of the dysregulated miRNAs to establish their functions and prognostic value. We found that 38 miRNAs were differentially expressed between highly metastatic (KM12SM/SW620) and poorly metastatic (KM12C/SW480) cancer cell lines. After initial validation, we determined that three miRNAs (miR‐424‐3p, −503, and −1292) were overexpressed in metastatic colorectal cancer cell lines and human samples. Stable transduction of non‐metastatic cells with each of the three miRNAs promoted metastatic properties in culture and increased liver colonization in vivo. Moreover, miR‐424‐3p and miR‐1292 were associated with poor prognosis in human patients. A quantitative proteomic analysis of colorectal cancer cells transfected with miR‐424‐3p, miR‐503, or miR‐1292 identified alterations in 149, 129, or 121 proteins, respectively, with an extensive overlap of the target proteins of the three miRNAs. Importantly, down‐regulation of two of these shared target proteins, CKB and UBA2, increased cell adhesion and proliferation in colorectal cancer cells. The capacity of distinct miRNAs to regulate the same mRNAs boosts the capacity of miRNAs to regulate cancer metastasis and underscores the necessity of targeting multiple miRNAs for effective cancer therapy. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of metal − organic frameworks
Authors: Pettinari Claudio , Marchetti Fabio , Mosca Nello , Tosi Giovanni , Drozdov Andrei
Published: January 2017

The burgeoning field of metal − organic frameworks or porous coordination polymers has received increasing interest in recent years. In the last decade these microporous materials have found several applications including storage and separation of gases, sensors, catalysis and functional materials. In order to better design new metal − organic frameworks and porous coordination polymers with specific functionalities a fundamental issue is to achieve a basic understanding of the relationship between molecular parameters and structures, preferred adsorption sites and properties by using using modern theoretical methods. The focus of this mini‐review is a description of the potential and emerging applications of metal − organic frameworks. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
An approach to functionally relevant clustering of the protein universe: Active site profile‐based clustering of protein structures and sequences
Authors: Knutson Stacy T. , Westwood Brian M. , Leuthaeuser Janelle B. , Turner Brandon E. , Nguyendac Don , Shea Gabrielle , Kumar Kiran , Hayden Julia D. , Harper Angela F. , Brown Shoshana D. , Morris John H. , Ferrin Thomas E. , Babbitt Patricia C. , Fetrow Jacquelyn S.
Published: January 2017

Protein function identification remains a significant problem. Solving this problem at the molecular functional level would allow mechanistic determinant identification—amino acids that distinguish details between functional families within a superfamily. Active site profiling was developed to identify mechanistic determinants. DASP and DASP2 were developed as tools to search sequence databases using active site profiling. Here, TuLIP (Two‐Level Iterative clustering Process) is introduced as an iterative, divisive clustering process that utilizes active site profiling to separate structurally characterized superfamily members into functionally relevant clusters. Underlying TuLIP is the observation that functionally relevant families (curated by Structure‐Function Linkage Database, SFLD) self‐identify in DASP2 searches; clusters containing multiple functional families do not. Each TuLIP iteration produces candidate clusters, each evaluated to determine if it self‐identifies using DASP2. If so, it is deemed a functionally relevant group. Divisive clustering continues until each structure is either a functionally relevant group member or a singlet. TuLIP is validated on enolase and glutathione transferase structures, superfamilies well‐curated by SFLD. Correlation is strong; small numbers of structures prevent statistically significant analysis. TuLIP‐identified enolase clusters are used in DASP2 GenBank searches to identify sequences sharing functional site features. Analysis shows a true positive rate of 96%, false negative rate of 4%, and maximum false positive rate of 4%. F‐measure and performance analysis on the enolase search results and comparison to GEMMA and SCI‐PHY demonstrate that TuLIP avoids the over‐division problem of these methods. Mechanistic determinants for enolase families are evaluated and shown to correlate well with literature results.
Solar blind photodetector based on epitaxial zinc doped Ga2O3 thin film
Authors: Alema Fikadu , Hertog Brian , Ledyaev Oleg , Volovik Dmitry , Thoma Grant , Miller Ross , Osinsky Andrei , Mukhopadhyay Partha , Bakhshi Sara , Ali Haider , Schoenfeld Winston V.
Published: January 2017

We report on the fabrication and characterization of solar blind photodetectors (SBPs) based on undoped β‐Ga2O3 and Zn doped (∼5 × 1020 cm−3) β‐Ga2O3 (ZnGaO) epitaxial films with cutoff wavelength of ∼260 nm. The epilayers were grown on c‐sapphire by the metal organic chemical vapor deposition technique and their structural, electrical and optical properties were characterized using various methods. As grown films have a large number of defects, resulting in detectors with enhanced internal gain, hence, high spectral responsivity >103 A/W. Post growth annealing in oxygen improved the quality of the epilayers, leading to detectors with reduced dark current (∼nA to ∼pA) and increased out of band rejection ratio. At 20 V bias, a ZnGaO detector showed a peak responsivity of 210 A/W (at 232 nm) and an out of band rejection ratio (i.e., R232 nm/R320 nm) of 5 × 104. Alternatively, for a β‐Ga2O3 detector these parameters were found to be five times and three times lower, respectively, suggesting that ZnGaO detectors have superior performance characteristics. These results provide a roadmap toward achieving high responsivity SBPs based on epitaxial ZnGaO films, laying a solid foundation for future applications.