bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SÍNTESE ENZIMÁTICA DE BUTIRATO DE GERANILA POR ESTERIFICAÇÃO CATALISADA POR LIPASE IMOBILIZADA EM RESINA HIDROFÓBICA
Authors: Mendes Adriano Aguiar
Published: September 2019

Neste estudo, um biocatalisador foi preparado por imobilização de lipase de Thermomyces lanuginosus (LTL) em partículas hidrofóbicas de poli-estireno-divinilbenzeno e empregado na síntese de butirato de geranila por esterificação direta de geraniol e ácido butírico em meio de hexano. O biocatalisador foi preparado com carregamento inicial de proteína de 40  mg g-1 de suporte e alta concentração de proteína imobilizada, da ordem de 39  mg g-1 de suporte, foi observada. O efeito de relevantes na síntese do éster foi determinado. As condições reacionais que maximizaram a síntese do éster foram concentração de biocatalisador de 10% m v-1, temperatura de 40°C e concentração de 1 mol L-1 de cada reagente que apresentou máxima conversão da ordem de 85% após 3 h de reação. Nestas condições ótimas, foi realizada a estabilidade operacional do biocatalisador após cinco sucessivos ciclos de reação e ele manteve 65% de sua atividade inicial. Estes resultados mostram que o suporte testado é bastante promissor na preparação de biocatalisadores ativos na síntese de ésteres de aroma por reação de esterificação.
Development of F1 hybrids of cabbage with complex resistance in the south of Russia
Authors: Koroleva Svetlana V. , Dyakunchak Svetlana A. , Yurchenko Semen A.
Published: September 2019

Relevance Breeding for resistance is one of the priorities when working with late-ripening cabbage.The most significant damage to this crop in the south of Russia is caused by diseases such as fusarium, black rot, and from pests – tobacco trips. Methods The purpose of the research is development of heat-resistant hybrids of medium-late and late maturity of various areas of use with complex resistance. For 2 decades much attention was paid to breeding and immunological work on development of inbred lines with group resistance: to fusarium and polygenic resistance to black rot. The study of race-specific resistance for better protection against black rot began in 2013. At that, the progeny of the lines were eveluated, which were selected by hydathogenic polygenic resistance on the infectious background of cabbage during inoculation of plants with the Krasnodar population of the pathogen.Since specific resistance to a particular race inherited in white cabbage is recessive and it is very difficult to develop lines and hybrids resistant to several races, a strategy was chosen to increase resistance to this dangerous disease based on a combination of field resistance, stem resistance to the main race 1 and leaf resistance to one or two races. Results As a result of the work carried out in 2018, 44 lines of medium-late maturity with stem resistance to race 1 were selected, of which a significant part of the lines had leaf resistance to a particular race, including 4 lines resistant to races 1 and 4, 1 line – to races 0, 1,4, and 1 line – to races 0, 3, 4. The heat-resistant hybrid for processing Sudarynya was passed to State Variety Testing, it has one parent with stem resistance to race 1, leaf resistance to races 0, 1.4 and hydatode resistance, and the second parent has stem resistance to race 1 and hydatode resistance. Every year, hybrids are evaluated for thrips damage. According to the results of the evaluation of hybrids, lines with a high tolerance to tobacco thrips were identified. In 2017-2018 9 lines with complex resistance to fusarium, black rot and thrips (Ten211, Yas111, Eubi122, Hn861, Hn270-21, Hn270-24, Br272-22, Hn270-14p-1, 272-510) were selected, on the basis of which promising combinations of economically valuable traits were obtained.
Special aspects of radish selection and its seed breeding in Siberia
Authors: Ugarova Svetlana V.
Published: September 2019

Relevance An adaptive approach to the selection of vegetable plants highlights Siberian region for the distinctness of the general climate manifestations. The region is characterized by the general aridity of spring and the first half of summer combined with the sharp fluctuations of temperature during the growing season, a short frost-free period. And there is a positive aspect of the Siberian climate – the high level of solar insolation contributes to the intensification of photosynthesis and hastens all growth processes, reducing the need for the sum of biological temperatures, on average, by 200-300 degrees. Methods The developmental biology of radish in Siberian conditions has a number of characteristic features. Siberian radish cultivars have individual traits of the cropper development with the formation of plant ability of productive and generative time of germination in these conditions. During the period of breeding work in the region, 9 radish cultivars have been created and reproduced with various methods. Among them 5 cultivars have been created with methods of individual and mass selection from the best hybrid combinations of crossing, 2 cultivars with method of polyploidy, 1 cultivar with the method of inbred lines with the ability to fix the necessary characteristics in the generation, 1 cultivar with the use of pigmentation genes transgression when fixing the violet colour of the radish-root. Results The study of radish growth and its development with the replanting and direct method of obtaining seeds solves the issues of expanding the distribution range of Siberian selection cultivars. Qualitative seeds can be obtained only with the replanting method in the conditions of Siberia, in which the plants go through all the necessary stages of jarovization, excluding subsequently premature bolting.
Pollination and fruit formation in tomato culture in protected ground
Authors: Korol Valentin G.
Published: September 2019

Relevance The structure of the flowers of tomatoes is very thin adapted to self-pollination, and any violations of the technology of cultivation in protected ground lead to a significant reduction in the ability of plants to pollinate and fruit set. Violation of growing conditions can lead to changes in the structure of the inflorescences and flowers, which negatively affects pollination and fruit formation, reducing the yield. The article presents a review of literature data and the author’s own research on this topic. It has been established that growing conditions in cultivation structures have a greater effect on the amount of pollen produced in tomato flowers and to a lesser extent, on its quality. In the flowers of the first inflorescence, the least amount of pollen is produced. This is due to the fact that the formation of this inflorescence occurs in the seedling period, while it is experiencing more stress. Basal (the first in the inflorescence) flowers produce low-quality pollen, while its amount is maximum. Additional pollination improves fruit set by increasing the amount of pollen grains falling on the stigma of the pistil. The use of bumblebees for additional pollination increases the yield by increasing the number of ensuing fruits. The formation of polynomial flowers on tomato plants – varietal reaction. More often they are found in multi-chamber largefruited tomato hybrids. Less commonly, polynomial flowers are found in tomato hybrids with plum and pepper fruits, such flowers are not found in cherry tomato hybrids. A polynomial flower - most often the first in the inflorescence. They are formed mainly in the first 4-5 inflorescences and give accreted non-harvest fruits. In order to increase the yield and quality of fruits, polynomials need to be removed in a timely manner.
Lactic acid bacteria, creating the optimal starting conditions for fermentation of cabbage
Authors: Posokina Nataliya E. , Zakharova Anna I.
Published: September 2019

Relevance Fermentation of vegetables is usually carried out in the traditional way (spontaneous fermentation using native microflora), but the quality of the finished product is difficult to predict. Very often, due to the low initial amount of lactic acid bacteria or their low activity, the result of the process remains unpredictable, which can lead to the loss of a significant amount of product. In the fermentation of vegetables involved several types of facultatively anaerobic lactic acid bacteria. In order to control the fermentation process and make it directed, it is necessary to study which lactic acid bacteria are involved in the fermentation process, the period in which their growth and death, and how it affects the organoleptic properties of the finished product, as well as to study the activity of lactic acid microorganisms in the fermentation process. When fermentation of vegetables are not only the original nutrients such as vitamin C, amino acids, dietary fibers, etc., but also develop functional microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria. Fermentation has an important effect on the quality and taste, so it is very important to study the fermentation process, microbial diversity and changes in nutrients and chemical elements in the fermentation process. Reducing the rate or preventing microbial spoilage of food is based on four main principles: minimization of product contamination by microorganisms; suppression of growth and reproduction of microorganisms-contaminants; destruction of microorganisms-contaminants; removal of microorganisms-contaminants. Fermentation is based on a combination of the first three principles and is achieved by creating conditions for the growth of specific microorganisms that can give food the desired taste, aroma, texture and appearance. Results This review is devoted to the scientific aspects of vegetable fermentation, including crops that contribute to the creation of optimal conditions for the development of the main pool of lactic acid microorganisms, the production of finished products of high quality and the prevention of microbial spoilage. It is shown that at the first stage of fermentation lactobacilli of the genus L. mesenteroides play a determining role. It is their "work" to create optimal conditions for the development of the target lactic microflora depends on the quality of the finished product. This fact should be taken into account when creating industrial bacterial starter cultures – "starter cultures" for the directed process of fermentation of vegetables.
Application of biofungicides Bisolbifit and Bisolbisan for protection of cabbage from diseases
Authors: Gubkin Vitaliy N. , Bondareva Lyudmila L.
Published: September 2019

Relevance The main diseases that affect cabbage crops during the growing season are bacterioses, alternariosis, fusarium and others. Despite the success of breeding to create resistant varieties and hybrids in some years, there is a massive disease defeat of cabbage. Therefore, preventive measures aimed at reducing the level of cabbage diseases are of paramount importance. In recent years, in connection with the development of agricultural biotechnology for the prevention of cabbage diseases, biologics have been proposed based on the products of bacterial metabolism: antibiotics, enzymes, phytohormones, vitamins, etc. Methods In the Laboratory of Cole Crop Breeding and Seed Production of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center in 2017-2018 conducted tests of biofungicides. The article presents the results of tests of biofungicides BisolbiSana and BisolbiFita to protect cabbage from diseases. Results The biological effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of seeds and vegetative plants with biofungicides against cabbage altenariosis was 53.3-57.1%, against bacterial mucosa 40.2-47.8% depending on the variety (hybrid). Plant yield increased by 7-8.5%.
Features of cultivation of new variety of potato Smolyanochka
Authors: Сhehalkova Larisa K. , Konova Aminat M. , Gavrilova Anna Yu.
Published: September 2019

Relevance For the successful introduction of a new variety of potatoes into production, it is important to know the technological parameters of its cultivation, both for seed and food purposes. Methods Studies on the timing, planting schemes and doses of mineral fertilizers, providing maximum yield of seed and food tubers of a new potato variety Smolyanochka breeding Smolensk GOSHOS, were conducted in 2017-2018. Experience, observations and accounting were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The studies were conducted in the field short-term experience of the Smolensk Institute of agriculture (ex. Smolensk GOSHOS) on sod-podzolic medium-loamy soil with low humus content, weak acid reaction of the soil environment, high content of mobile phosphorus and high potassium content. Results Observations of the growth and development of potato plants of the Smolyanochka variety showed that the length of the growing season decreased from early planting to later. Planting schemes and fertilizer doses did not have a significant impact on the duration of development phases in all variants of the experiment. The density of the stem per unit area decreased by 5-18% from earlier planting dates to later and increased with an increase in the dose of mineral fertilizers to N60P72K90 by 12-28%, compared with the background of N32P32K32. The highest percentage of plant viral diseases during the growing season was observed with a more thickened planting scheme (70x25 cm) and increased with later planting dates. The maximum yield of potato tubers when grown for both seed and food purposes was noted against the background of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N60P72K90 when planted earlier. Post-harvest tuberous analysis of potatoes showed that all the studied variants of the experiment did not have a significant impact on the affection of potato tubers with fungal diseases.
A study relationship attitude toward physics, motivation, and character discipline students senior high school, in Indonesia
Authors: Darmaji Darmaji , Astalini Astalini , Kurniawan Dwi Agus , Perdana Rahmat
Published: September 2019

This research to see students' attitude toward in physics learning, student motivation in physics learning, discipline student in physics learning, and the relationship between students' motivation and attitudes toward physics subject. Using correlational quantitative research with correlational design, the subjects of the study were students of 612 students in senior high school Batanghari and Muaro Jambi district Provence Jambi, Indonesia. Instruments research is questionnaires attitude, motivation, and discipline. Analytical techniques are using descriptive statistics and inferential. The results the three indicators of student attitudes show good results, and for motivation and discipline students also show good results, with these results, there is a relationship between attitudes, motivation, and student discipline. Recommendation, therefore, it is very important for teachers to implement learning that fosters attitudes, motivation, and discipline of students in learning.
Keywords: Attitude toward physics, motivation, discipline;
Influence of social media advertising, e-marketing and product quality on the process of purchasing nature cosmetics
Authors: Syawaluddin Syawaluddin , Joni Joni , Erwin Erwin
Published: September 2019

This study seeks to investigate the role of Social Media Advertising, E-Marketing, and Product Quality on Consumers’ Decision to Purchase Nature Cosmetics in North Sumatra-Indonesia partially and simultaneously. The data were analyzed using multiple Linear Regression model and coefficient of Determination. This research leads to the results that variables of Social Media Advertising, E-Marketing, and Product Quality simultaneously have a positive and significant impact on consumers’ decision in making purchases of Nature Cosmetics in North Sumatra-Indonesia and partially the variable of product quality is more dominant in consumers’ decision in purchasing Environment-friendly Cosmetics in North Sumatra-Indonesia. The coefficient of determination (R Square) shows that the variable of Social Media Advertising, E-Marketing, Product Quality is 0,593 or 59.3% while the remaining 40,7% is affected by other factors beyond the scope of this study.
Role of organizational culture, communication and leadership style on job satisfaction
Authors: Tampubolon Manner , Harati Risma
Published: September 2019

This research aims to analyze the role of organizational culture, communication and leadership style on job satisfaction. The object of this research is Senior High Schools (SMA)/Vocational Secondary School (SMK), while the subjects are 55 School Principals. Four variables from the research data were gathered through instruments in the form of valid and reliable questionnaires. Statistical Analysis of the research data used multiple linear regression analysis with the significance in accordance with the output of SPSS 22.0. Findings indicated that organizational culture has an effect but not significant on job satisfaction, while communication has a significant effect on job satisfaction, and leadership style has a significant effect on job satisfaction, the simultaneous variable of organizational culture, communication and leadership style has a significant effect on job satisfaction.
Providing educational and instructional support for dog bite victims via WeChat in China: A satisfaction survey
Authors: Du Zhe , Chen Qingjun , Wang Tianbing , Wang Chuanlin
Published: September 2019

Background WeChat in China has been used for public health education and the prevention of diseases. This study introduced a WeChat-based program for rabies prevention and evaluated the users’ satisfaction with the program using the technology acceptance model.Methods An online satisfaction questionnaire was used to survey 315 users who had followed the WeChat official account in China, and their satisfaction scores were assessed and analyzed.Results The users were generally satisfied with the WeChat-based program as an educational and instructional tool with the mean satisfaction score for each item ranging from 3.87 to 4.60 out of a maximum of 5.0 and the total mean satisfaction score of 41.54 out of a maximum of 50.0 (SD = 4.31). Urban users showed more satisfaction than rural users (p=0.031). Users who were satisfied also reported that they intended to recommend WeChat to others (p= 0.000).Conclusions Findings from the present study indicated that WeChat was considered a useful educational and instructional tool for rabies among dog-bite victims. This model of a WeChat-based program for rabies prevention should be expanded to other areas in China.
Fourth Dengue Fever Outbreak Investigation in Ethiopia: A Case Control Study, July 2015
Authors: Gemechu Diriba Sufa , Worku Yoseph , Alemu Abebe , Edea Zewdu Assefa , Feyisa Yohannis Dugasa , Watere Shambel Habebe , Belay Deselegn , Hagos Abay , Woyessa Abyot Bekele
Published: September 2019

Background: Dengue fever is a rapidly emerging vector born infectious disease caused by Dengue virus and it is now one of WHO reportable diseases. About 50 -200 million cases, 20,000 deaths occur annually. In Ethiopia the first outbreak of Dengue fever appeared in Dire Dawa city in 2013, where 9441 cases were recorded. The second Dengue fever outbreak occurred in Afar Region. Third and fourth was in Somali Region in Godey town, 2014 and 2015. In Godey town acute febrile illness cases of unknown cause become increased started from May 27, 2015. We investigated to identify risk factors of Dengue fever outbreak and commence control measures. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in Godey town, Ethiopia from 8-22 July 2015. Cases were defined according to the WHO guideline and controls were individuals with no sign and symptoms living in the same town with cases. We recruited 50 cases and 100 controls in the study. Medical records and line lists were reviewed. Data were collected at household level using structured questionnaires. Twenty-four serum samples collected from cases. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20 software. Result: We identified 223 cases with 0 death, 116 (52%) were male. The mean age of cases was 25.8 years. Ten cases were positive for Dengue fever by PCR at national laboratory. Lack of formal education (AOR=3.1; 95%CI: 1.30-7.49), living with ill person (AOR=2.8; 95%CI: 1.22-6.52), open containers in household (AOR=3.6; 95%CI: 1.34-9.38) and presence of larvae in the water containers (AOR=5.4; 95%CI: 2.33-12.44) were risk factors for the outbreak. Conclusion: Poor household water handling, living with ill person and lack of formal education contributes for occurrence of Dengue fever outbreak in Godey town. Health education and all other interventions associated with use of water and sanitation needs to be part of long-term control of Dengue.
Prevalence and profile of users and non-users of anabolic steroids among resistance training practicioners
Authors: PEREIRA Ericson , MOYSES Samuel Jorge , IGNÁCIO Sérgio Aparecido , MENDES Daniel Komarchewski , CARNEIRO Everdan , HARDY Ana Maria Trindade Grégio , ROSA Edvaldo Antônio Ribeiro , BETTEGA Patrícia Vida Cassi , Johann Aline
Published: September 2019

Background To verify the prevalence and profile of users and non-users of anabolic steroid (AS) among resistance training practitioners. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional prevalence survey was performed in 100 gyms in Curitiba city, involving 5773 individuals and self-administered questionnaires. . The chi-square and z-tests of proportions (p<0.05) were used for analysis. Prevalence ratio according to sex and age was calculated using the Poisson regression model (p<0.05). Results: 83.2% did not use, 9.1% formerly used, 3.4% currently used, and 4.3% intended used AS. The prevalence of former or current AS users was 16.9% and 6.5% among men and women, respectively. The prevalence ratios were as follows: 1) 2.6 male users for each woman; 2) 3.3 individuals aged 30-44 years and 2.8 individuals aged 18-29 years for each individual aged over 45 years. Beginners were not interested in using AS, but individuals who had trained longer had higher prevalence of AS use. Conclusions: The gym environment encouraged the use of AS owing to aesthetic appeal. Thus, suggesting the need for actions to prevent abusive use of AS considering the practitioners profile.
Contribution of home and school environment in children’s food choice and overweight/obesity prevalence in African context: Evidence for creating enabling healthful food environment
Authors: Pacific Renatha Mchongi , Martin Haikael , Kulwa Kissa , Petrucka Pammla
Published: September 2019

Background

Informed dietary choices during childhood is necessary for building good eating habits in the present and future generations. There is a significant increase globally in trends of over nutrition, specifically, overweight and obesity among school children in Africa calls for consideration of home and school environments.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted between October to December 2018 using Medline (PubMed), Directory of Open Access Journals and Google Scholar databases. Also, a grey literature review was conducted to identify and retrieve relevant documents and reports some of which from websites of international organizations. Major topics of interest were home and school food environments, dietary choices, school children and Africa. Out of 318 articles 30 were included in the full text read after meeting the inclusion criteria such as focusing on school children in Africa. Four reports from grey literature were also included. This review includes articles published between the 1st January 2008 and 30th June 2018.

Results

Available data from reviewed articles showed that obesity prevalence among school children in Africa is on the rise and ranges from less than 5% to more than 30% across countries. Few articles investigated the contribution of home and school environments on school children’s food choices which necessitates more research in this area.

Conclusion

Therefore, this review suggests that for effective implementation of childhood overweight and obesity reduction strategies, investigation of home and school determinants of children’s food choices is imperative.
Exploration of self-medication practice in Pokhara valley of Nepal
Authors: Paudel Sabita , Aryal Bijay
Published: September 2019

Background Self-medication (SM) is the practice of consuming medication without the consultation of physician. The drugs most commonly self-medicated are paracetamol, analgesics, ranitidine, oral rehydration solution, antibiotics, etc. The objective of the study is to assess the SM status and its causes in Pokhara valley of Nepal. Method The study was conducted among the people residing in Pokhara metropolitan city. The study duration was of four months from April to June, 2018. The study population were patients attending health camps at four different areas. Structured questionnaire was used to collect demographics of the patients and the details of the usage of self-medication.Result Out of 200 patients, 38.2% patients were found to be self-medicating. The most common illness sought for SM was ache (headache, body ache) in 50% followed by cough and cold in 31% and gastritis in 23%. Paracetamol was the drug consumed by 16 subjects followed by cough syrup (n=14) and nimesulide (n=11). Lack of knowledge about the disadvantages of SM led to self-medication in 65% of respondents. The paramedics most commonly consulted for medication were pharmacists (60%). Conclusion The trend of SM is high in Pokhara valley. It’s high time the regulatory agencies should solve the problems. The federal government should formulate strict guidelines for appropriate use of the medications.
Men’s grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal loss: A systematic review and emerging theoretical model
Authors: Obst Kate , Due Clemence , Oxlad Melissa , Middleton Philippa
Published: September 2019

Background Emotional distress following pregnancy loss and neonatal loss is common, with enduring grief occurring for many parents. However, little is known about men’s grief, since the majority of existing literature and subsequent bereavement care guidelines have focused on women. To develop a comprehensive understanding of men’s grief, this systematic review sought to summarise and appraise the literature focusing on men’s experiences of grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal loss.Methods Systematic searches were completed across four databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase and CINAHL), guided by two research questions: 1) what are men’s experiences of grief following pregnancy/neonatal loss; and 2) what are the predictors of men’s grief following pregnancy/neonatal loss? Eligible articles were qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods empirical studies including primary data on men’s grief, published between 1998 and October 2018. Eligibility for loss type included any definition of miscarriage or stillbirth, and neonatal death up to 28 days after a live birth.Results A final sample of 46 articles were identified, of which 26 were qualitative, 19 quantitative, and one mixed methods. Findings indicate that men’s grief experiences are highly varied, and current grief measures may not capture all of the complexities of grief for men. Qualitative studies identified that in comparison to women, men may face different challenges including expectations to support female partners, and a lack of social recognition for their grief and subsequent support needs. Men may face double-disenfranchised grief in relation to the pregnancy/neonatal loss experience.Conclusion To refine an emerging socio-ecological model of men’s grief, cohort studies are needed among varied groups of bereaved men to confirm grief-predictor relationships. There remains a need to promote genuine and consistent involvement of fathers as equal partners throughout pregnancy and childbirth. Likewise, engaging men early in the grief process is essential to providing recognition and validation to their experience, and improving awareness of available support services.
Leadership Training Programs in Graduate Medical Education: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kumar Bharat , Swee Melissa , Suneja Manish
Published: September 2019

Background : With the increasing recognition that leadership skills can be acquired, there is a heightened focus on incorporating leadership training as a part of graduate medical education. However, there is considerable lack of agreement regarding how to facilitate acquisition of these skills to resident, chief resident, and fellow physicians. Methods : Articles were identified through a search of Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycNet, Cochrane Systemic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from 1948 to 2019. Additional sources were identified through contacting authors and scanning references. We included articles that described and evaluated leadership training programs in the United States and Canada. Methodological quality was assessed via the MERSQI (Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument). Results : 15 studies, which collectively included 639 residents, chief residents, and fellows, met the eligibility criteria. The format, content, and duration of these programs varied considerably. The majority focused on conflict management, interpersonal skills, and stress management. Twelve were prospective case series and three were retrospective. Seven used pre- and post-test surveys, while seven used course evaluations. Only three had follow-up evaluations after six months to one year. MERSQI scores ranged from 6 to 9. Conclusions : Despite interest in incorporating structured leadership training into graduate medical education curricula, there is a lack of evidence evaluating its effectiveness. High-quality well-designed studies are required in order to determine if these programs have a lasting effect on the acquisition of leadership skills.
The dynamics of Klebsiella pneumoniae drug-resistant profile in a regional burn center: a retrospective study between 2009 and 2018
Authors: Wang Wei , Zou Jin Li , Chen Kaisen
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND: The aim is to observe drug-resistant trends of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.pneumoniae) isolated from Jiangxi burn center in recent 10 years, and to analyze its causes and provide general information on preventive measures. METHODS: All data were collected by Hospital Laboratory Information System (LIS) and electronic cases. SPSS23.0 software was used to analyze bacterial isolation rate and drug-resistant trend . A chi-square test had been adopted to observe drug-resistant difference of K.pneumoniae in ICU ward and non-ICU ward. RESULTS: During 10 years, 593 K.pneumoniae isolates were acquired from the burn center, which mainly from wound secretion, bloodstream, sputum. The resistance rate of K.pneumoniae to many drugs, including 3 or 4 generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and even tegacycline showed an obvious upward trend (P < 0.05) in this period. The isolated K.pneumoniae was mainly concentrated in 1-3 weeks and carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae was mostly acquired in later stage after their hospitalization. CONCLUSION: We should pay attention to the increasing trend of K.pneumoniae in the burn center. Some measures should be taken to reduce isolated rate and drug- resistant rate in the future.
Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Carbapenem resistance Gram negative bacilli among hospitalized patients in Khartoum state
Authors: Elbadawi Hana Salaheldin , Elhag Kamal , Mahgoub Elsheikh , Altayb Hisham N , Hamid Muzamil Mahdi Abdel
Published: September 2019

Background Carbapenems are broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics widely prescribed for the treatment of multidrug-resistant gram negative bacilli in systemic infections. In the past ten years the Carbapenem resistance among gram-negative bacilli is rapidly expanding across nosocomial infection isolates. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and to characterize Carbapenem resistance genes among Gram negative bacilli (GNB) isolated from patients treated in hospitals in Khartoum state, Sudan.Methods A cross-sectional laboratory based study was conducted over six months at the microbiology department in Soba University Hospital and Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum. A total of 206 GNB isolates from different clinical specimens were analyzed for carbapenem resistance genes using phenotypic tests and affirmed by genes detection. Multiplex PCR was performed for each strain to detect the carbapenemase genes, including those encoding the NDM-, VIM-, and IMP -type Metallo-beta-lactamases, the class A KPC-type carbapenemases, and the class D OXA-48 enzyme. In addition to CTXM, TEM and SHV. DNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were used to detect genes subtypes.Results Of 206 isolates, 171 (83%) positive phenotypically and 121 (70.7%) from 171 isolates were confirmed for present one or more carbapenemase gene. NDM-types were the most predominant genes, blaNDM 107(88.4%), followed by blaIMP 7 (5.7%), blaOXA-48 5(4.1%), blaVIM 2 (1.6%) and blaKPC 0 (0%). Co- resistance genes with NDM producing Gram-negative bacilli were detected in 87 (81.3%) of all NDM positive isolates. Correlation between phenotypic and genotypic resistance was observed (P- value < 0.001). Carbapenemase genes were mostly detected in the K. pneumoniae 70 (42.6%), followed by P. aeruginosa 33 (20%), A. baumannii 30 (18.2%) and E. coli with 18 strains (10.9%). NDM-1 was detected in 75 isolates (70%), other subtypes of NDM were identified by sequencing were NDM- 5 and NDM-6.Conclusions The prevalence of carbapenemase producing bacilli was fond to be high in Khartoum hospitals. NDM was found to be the most prevalent carbapenemase genes among clinical isolates and belong to Indian lineage. For prevention infection control and regular surveillance must be enhanced.
Characterization of bacterial communities associated with the pine wilt disease insect vectors Monochamus alternatus Hope and host trees Pinus massoniana
Authors: Guo Yajie , Lin Qiannan , Chen lvyi , Rebeca Carballar-Lejarazú , Shao Ensi , Liang Guanghong , Hu Xia , Wang Rong , Xu Lei , Zhang Feiping , Wu Songqing
Published: September 2019

Background Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a destructive disease caused by the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus . Monochamus alternatus Hope is the main vector of this disease. The symbiotic microorganisms can play an important role in the transmission cycle mechanism. However, the role of bacterial microorganisms in the transmission of pine wood nematode by M. alternatus is not clear currently. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the composition and diversity of microbial flora in the gut of M. alternatus , as well as healthy and infected Pinus massoniana and its peripheral environment to discover the important microbial flora contributing to the transmission cycle.Methods In this study, total DNA was extracted from 60 samples, including 20 samples of M. alternatus gut from different larval instars, healthy P. massoniana , nematode-infected P. massoniana and their peripheral environment (needles, bark, phloem, xylem, root, surface soil and rhizosphere soil), by triplicate. Samples were used for 16S rDNA Amplicon sequencing to determine the composition and diversity of microbial flora in each sample.Results Infection of pinewood nematode resulted in an increase of the microbial community in the nematode-infected P. massoniana and its peripheral environment when compared with healthy P. massoniana , the microbial community in different tissues changed. Among them, Gryllotalpicola and Cellulomonas showed to be endemic microorganisms in nematode-infected P. massoniana , which can be used as indicators to detect the disease. Serratia was shown as an opportunistic pathogen, and was found to be enriched in M. alternatus gut and was also detected in the host plant tissues.Conclusions This study clarified the change of microbial community in the transmission of pine wilt disease by M. alternatus . An important theoretical basis for the prevention of pine wilt disease was structured by our research.
Genome- wide characterization, expression profile analysis of WRKY family genes in Santalum album and functional identification of their role in abiotic stress
Authors: Yan Haifeng , Li Mingzhi , Xiong Yuping , Zhang Yueya , Liang Hanzhi , Li Yuan , Zhang Xinhua , Niu Meiyun , Guo Beiyi , Silva Jaime A. Teixeira da , Ma Guohua
Published: September 2019

Background: WRKY proteins are a large superfamily of transcription factors that are involved in diverse biological processes including development, as well as biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants. WRKY family proteins have been extensively characterized and analyzed in many plant species, including Arabidopsis , rice and poplar. However, knowledge on WRKY transcription factors in S antalum album is scarce.
Results: Based on S . albu m genome and transcriptome data, 64 SaWRKY genes were identified in this study. A phylogenetic analysis based on the structures of WRKY protein sequences divided these genes into three major groups (I, II, III) together with WRKY protein sequences from Arabidopsis . Tissue-specific expression patterns showed that 37 SaWRKY genes were expressed in at least one of five tissues (leaves, roots, heartwood, sapwood, or the transition zone) while the remaining four genes were weakly expressed in all of these tissues. Analysis of the expression profiles of the 42 SaWRKY genes after callus was stimulated by salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) revealed that 34 and 19 SaWRKY genes, respectively were significantly induced. The function of SaWRKY1 , which was significantly up-regulated by SA and MeJA, was analyzed. SaWRKY1 was localized in the nucleus and its overexpression improved salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis .
Conclusions: Our study provides important information to further identify the functions of SaWRKY genes and to understand the roles of SaWRKY family genes involved in development and in SA- and MeJA-mediated stress responses.
The Spatial Mixed effect Ordinal Logistic Regression Modeling of Cancer disease: West Amhara, Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaw Lijalem Melie , Muluneh Essey Kebede
Published: September 2019

Background: There are numerous patients that are suffering with cancer disease in
Ethiopia. However, as far as our knowledge concerned there was no any study that have
been conducted to determine the factors on cancer disease. The main objective of this study
was to assess the distribution risk of cancer disease by taking into account the spatial effect.
It was also aimed to determine the effects of some common clinical patients characteristics,
complications of cancer disease and prognostic factor on current patient status, and finally
predict the patient status.
Methods: The data was obtained from 415 cancer patients. Statistical models were used to
investigate the spatial difference of incidence of cancer across different districts and different
disk factors identified using spatial mixed OLR model.
Results: The findings of this study shows that only 1.45% cured of patients who have
taken treatment were cured and 46.02% improved while the rest have shown no change and
even worse status after they getting treatment. Prognostic factor (stage and grade of cancer
tumor), complication of cancer disease such as anemia during diagnosis and treatment of
patients given in the hospital had significant effect on the patient status.
Conclusion: Patients without anemia complication at diagnosis were more likely to fall in
the lower patient category than patients with anemia complication during diagnosis. Most of
the patients had advanced stage (IV) and grade of cancer tumor that dismantle the capability
of the treatment to be less effective. There was negative spatial effect on the incidence of
cancer indicate that districts with higher cancer incidence usually surrounded by districts
with lower incidence.
Keywords: Incidence of cancer, Patient Status, Spatial (Mixed) OLR
Effect of Oxygen Pneumoperitoneum on Hypoxia Tolerance in Beagle Dogs: An Experimental Study
Authors: CAO Jiangbei , ZHANG Yongyi , WANG Wei , LI Hao , MI Weidong
Published: September 2019

Background: When an airway is difficult to manage during surgery, it can be fatal. Thus, peritoneum oxygenation may be theoretically feasible as an alternative route to supply oxygen. The objective of this study is to investigate whether artificial oxygen pneumoperitoneum combined with abdominal lifting and compression is effective in systemic oxygenation and hypoxia tolerance in a beagle dog model of asphyxia. Methods: Latin Square design was adopted. Eight adult female beagle dogs were divided into four subgroups; they received four treatments in sequence in four sessions at 1-week intervals. The pre-treatment procedures included general anesthesia and a pause in ventilation to establish an asphyxia model. Each subgroup was subjected to the treatments as follows: negative control(A), artificial oxygen pneumoperitoneum(B), artificial oxygen pneumoperitoneum combined with abdominal lifting and compression from the 1st minute after asphyxia(C), or the same as C but starting the method from the 5th minute(D). Vital signs, important organ functions, and arterial blood gas were monitored. Hypoxia tolerance was assessed by the asphyxia time (from pause to restoration of ventilation) and PaO2 levels at 0, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 minutes after asphyxia onset. Results: The physiological status of the beagles was approximately identical before each experiment and the treatments did not aggravate the impact of hypoxia. The asphyxia time for treatments A, B, C, and D were 9.65 ± 1.10 min, 11.18± 0.50min, 11.45 ± 0.79min, and 11.70 ± 0.99min, respectively; the time was lengthened in treatments B, C, and D, compared with that in treatment A (P<0.01). Moreover, PaO2 levels at 9 and 10 min were higher in treatments B, C, and D than in treatment A (P<0.01). Conclusions: Artificial oxygen pneumoperitoneum combined with abdominal lifting and compression appears safe and effective and may improve systemic oxygenation and enhance hypoxia tolerance.
On the use of the Trans-Theoretical Model for Blood Donation among Spanish Adults
Authors: Sardi Lamyae , Idri Ali , de Gea Juan Manuel Carrillo , Toval Ángel , Fernández-Alemán José Luis
Published: September 2019

Background Relying solely on altruistic appeals may fail to fulfil the increasing demand for blood supplies. Current research has largely been attempted to determine and understand motives that serve as blood donation drivers. The Trans-Theoretical Model of behaviour change (TTM) can be used to conceptualise the process of intentional blood donation behaviour.Methods A cross sectional survey of Spanish adults was conducted. The final sample consisted of 504 individuals who were administered a self-report questionnaire including the measures of demographic characteristics, Stages of Change, Processes of Change, Self-efficacy and Decisional Balance. Data were analysed by frequency analysis, MANOVA/ANOVA and correlation analysis. Results Findings indicated that most of the behavioural and cognitive processes of change, self-efficacy and physical cons differentiated participants across the stages of change of blood donation. In contrast, eligibility cons and pros were less influential in stage transitions. Furthermore, significant correlations were observed between TTM constructs except for the physical cons and the processes of change. Conclusions The present study extensively supports and replicates the applicability of the TTM to blood donation behaviour change and offers important implications for the development of effective stage-matched interventions to increase blood donation.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards rabies and associated factors among household heads in Mekelle city, Ethiopia
Authors: Hagos Weldegerima Gebremedhin , Muchie Kindie Fentahun , Gebru Goyitom Gebremedhn , Mezgebe Gebreamlak Gebremariam , Reda Kebede Ambaye , Dachew Berihun Assefa
Published: September 2019

Background: Rabies has a worldwide distribution in continental regions of Africa, Asia and the Latin America. Globally, the case fatality rate is 100% once a clinical sign is developed. Poor public awareness towards rabies is one of the major obstacles in any prevention and control scheme of the diseases. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about rabies and associated factors among household heads in Mekelle city, Northern Ethiopia, 2016. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted from October to November 2016 with a total of 633 study participants. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire in Enderta district, Tigray regional state, Ethiopia. Data was entered to EPI-Info 3.5.4 and coded, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Bivariable and multivariable analysis was done to identify factors associated with knowledge, attitude and practice about rabies. Variables having p< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant at 95%CI. Results: Of 633 study participants, 357 (56.4%) were females and 239 (37.8%) were 18-35 years old. Among the study participants, 56.1% (95%CI=52.2, 59.9), 56.2% (95%CI=52.4, 60.1) and 61.3% (95%CI=57.5, 65.1) had good level of knowledge, attitude and practice on the prevention and control of rabies respectively. Being female (AOR=1.50, 95%CI=1.05, 2.13), dog owner (AOR=1.68, 95%CI=1.17, 2.41) and participants who had training on rabies (AOR=2.22, 95%CI=1.53, 3.21) were found to have good knowledge. Married participants (AOR=2.19, 95%CI=1.16, 4.16), participants who owned dog (AOR=2.64, 95%CI=1.80, 3.86) and those encountered dog bite (AOR=2.24, 95%CI=1.23, 4.10) were found to have positive attitude towards rabies. Similarly dog ownership (AOR=11.85, 95%CI=7.16, 19.6) was found to be associated with good practice. Conclusion: This study showed that more than half of the respondents had good knowledge, attitude and practice about the prevention and control of rabies. Key words: Attitude, Community, Knowledge, Practice, Rabies
Dietary Vitamin A intakes among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Health Facilities: As a connotation for the progress of Vitamin A Deficiency in Dessie Town, North East Ethiopia: A cross-sectional Study
Authors: Koricho Zenebech , Mekonnen tefera Chane , Atomssa Gudina Egata , Tadesse Sisay Eshete
Published: September 2019

Vitamin A plays an important role in vision, cellular differentiation, embryonic development, reproduction, growth, and the immune system. Women who live in developing countries face a risk of undernutrition during pregnancy due to poverty, poor diet quality and quantity, and high fertility rate. This poor dietary problem could reflect women’s high risk of vitamin A deficiency. The major aim of this study was to determine the adequacy of vitamin A among pregnant women following antenatal care in health facilities of Dessie Town, Ethiopia, January 2017. Health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 390 women that attended antenatal care in Dessie Town. The food groups from FAO based on 24 hour dietary recall was used to measure dietary intake Vitamin A and dietary diversity of women. Adequacy of vitamin A was determined from nutrient adequacy ratio after obtaining reports of nutrient intake from food composition table version III and IV in terms of B carotene and retinol equivalent respectively, based on the estimated average requirement recommendation of vitamin A, 370 RE/day for pregnant women. Multivariable Logistic regression analysis was done to identify associated factors of vitamin A adequacy.