bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pastorale bediening van skuldbelydenis en versoening deur liturgiese handelinge
Authors: De Klerk Barend J.
Published: April 2015

God se gawe, naamlik sy Seun, deur Wie verlossing van sonde en versoening met die mens bewerk is, staan sentraal in die Christelike belydenis. In die bediening van pastorale sorg en in die liturgiese handelinge is die gemeenskaplike doel die herstel van verhoudings, die versoening met God, met mekaar en met die self. Dit lei tot die vraag wat in hierdie artikel ondersoek word, naamlik wat die verhouding tussen die pastorale bediening van skuldbelydenis en versoening en die liturgiese handelinge daarvan is. Die aspekte wat aandag kry, is die pastorale sorg wat die gemeenskap aan mekaar behoort te bied, die verhouding tussen die pastorale sorg en die liturgie, die krag van rituele en ’n oorsig oor die ritueel van skuldbelydenis en versoening, enkele voorbeelde van sonde wat ’n gemeente kan bely en daarna die pastorale bediening deur rituele van berou en verootmoediging, sonde- en skuldbelydenis, vergifnis, absolusie en versoening. Die konklusie is dat die kommunikatiewe handeling van skuldbelydenis en versoening as ’n selfstandige handeling in die liturgie van die gemeente ’n kragtige pastorale bediening vir die gemeente as ’n geheel en vir die lidmate afsonderlik kan wees.Pastoral ministry on the confession of guilt and reconciliation through liturgical acts. God’s gift of his Son, through Whom he established redemption of sins and reconciliation with man, is central to the Christian confessions. In the ministry of pastoral care and in the liturgical acts the common goal is to re-establish relationships, reconcile with God, the other and the self. This leads to the question examined in this article, viz. what the relation between the pastoral ministry of confession or guilt and reconciliation and the performing of liturgical acts is. Attention is given to the following aspects: the pastoral care the community should give to each other, the relationship between pastoral care and liturgy, the power of rituals and an overview of the ritual of the confession of guilt and reconciliation, a few examples of sins a congregation may confess and subsequently the pastoral ministry through rituals of contrition and humiliation, confession of sin and guilt, forgiveness, absolution and reconciliation. The conclusion of this article is that the communicative act of confession of guilt and reconciliation as an independent act in the liturgy of the congregation, could be a powerful pastoral tool to the congregation as a whole and to members individually.
Percutaneous placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters in resource-limited developing countries as an alternative to conventional placement methods
Authors: Van den Berg Hendrik R. , O'Hagan Suzanne , Hurter Delme
Published: April 2015

Background: The percutaneous placement of peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters using conscious sedation with ultrasound and fluoroscopic guidance is underutilised and has several advantages over the open surgical and laparoscopic placement methods, especially in the resource-limited developing world. Objectives: To describe our patients’ demographics and clinical characteristics, our method of PD catheter placement within the Radiology Department at Kimberley Provincial Hospital, compare our early complication types and frequencies, overall peritonitis rate and one-year catheter survival rate with findings in the international literature and, by demonstrating comparable outcomes, propose that percutaneous placement be considered as a feasible alternative to conventional placement techniques. Method: We conducted a retrospective study on 25 patients who had their PD catheters inserted between January 2009 and May 2013. Medical records were reviewed for demographic and clinical information as well as type and frequency of early (within 30 days) and late (between 30 days and one-year) complications related to the PD catheter. Early complication types and frequencies were then compared with similar internationally published data. The overall peritonitis rate, in terms of episodes per patient-year, was calculated and compared with international recommendations, and our one-year catheter survival rate was calculated using the Kaplan Meier method and compared with similarly calculated international studies.Results: The study group comprised 16 male and 9 female patients with a median age of 44 years. Hypertension was the primary cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and was found in 10 (40%) patients. Our early exit site infection rate of 12% was slightly higher than that found in the literature. Literature varies on the overall infection rates; however, our overall peritonitis rate of 0.75 episodes per patient-year was higher than that recommended by the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis. This finding might be attributed to the lower socio-economic grouping of our patients and the small number in the study group. All but two peritonitis cases were successfully treated with antibiotics, and we had no major procedure-related complications. Our early peritonitis rate of 8%, as well as the other early complication types and rates, and our one-year catheter survival rate of 84%, compared favourably with international studies. Conclusion: Percutaneous PD catheter placement under conscious sedation with the aid of ultrasound and fluoroscopy is a sound alternative to conventional methods in the resourcelimited developing world.
Noninvasive carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland: A difficult diagnosis on fine needle aspiration
Authors: Scognamiglio Theresa , Joshi Rohan , Kuhel William I. , Tabbara Sana O. , Rezaei M. Katayoon , Hoda Rana S.
Published: April 2015

Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is a rare epithelial malignancy that arises from a primary or recurrent pleomorphic adenoma (PA). It may be noninvasive (NI) or invasive. NI CXPA is extremely rare. Preoperative diagnosis on fine needle aspiration (FNA) of CXPA may be difficult and poses a diagnostic challenge to clinicians and pathologists. Herein, we describe the FNA findings of a case of NI-CXPA. A 69-year-old woman presented with rapid enlargement of a stable parotid mass of 25 years. Cytologically, malignant cells were focally associated with metachromatic fibromyxoid matrix that was homogeneous and dense with a vague fibrillary quality. There were cell groups, papillary-like clusters and single malignant cells. The nuclei were pleomorphic with irregularly dispersed chromatin, and the cytoplasm was ill-defined and granular. Nucleoli were small to inconspicuous. Mitoses and necrosis were not seen. Cytological features were not specific for any type of salivary gland carcinoma. The FNA diagnosis was primary high-grade adenocarcinoma of the parotid gland, not otherwise specified. Facial nerve-sparing total parotidectomy was performed, which histologically showed PA interspersed with ducts and nests composed of pleomorphic atypical nuclei surrounded by extensive hyalinization. Single cells were also noted. No capsular infiltration was seen in the entirely sampled tumor. Immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 showed a higher proliferation rate in the malignant ducts and p63 positive cells focally surrounded some of the malignant ducts. Histological diagnosis was NI-CXPA. Accurate diagnosis is important for proper surgical management; however, the preoperative diagnosis of NI-CXPA is difficult to make on FNA.
Evaluation of the Performance of Smoothing Functions in Generalized Additive Models for Spatial Variation in Disease
Authors: Siangphoe Umaporn , Wheeler David C.
Published: April 2015

Generalized additive models (GAMs) with bivariate smoothing functions have been applied to estimate spatial variation in risk for many types of cancers. Only a handful of studies have evaluated the performance of smoothing functions applied in GAMs with regard to different geographical areas of elevated risk and different risk levels. This study evaluates the ability of different smoothing functions to detect overall spatial variation of risk and elevated risk in diverse geographical areas at various risk levels using a simulation study. We created five scenarios with different true risk area shapes (circle, triangle, linear) in a square study region. We applied four different smoothing functions in the GAMs, including two types of thin plate regression splines (TPRS) and two versions of locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (loess). We tested the null hypothesis of constant risk and detected areas of elevated risk using analysis of deviance with permutation methods and assessed the performance of the smoothing methods based on the spatial detection rate, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, power, and false-positive rate. The results showed that all methods had a higher sensitivity and a consistently moderate-to-high accuracy rate when the true disease risk was higher. The models generally performed better in detecting elevated risk areas than detecting overall spatial variation. One of the loess methods had the highest precision in detecting overall spatial variation across scenarios and outperformed the other methods in detecting a linear elevated risk area. The TPRS methods outperformed loess in detecting elevated risk in two circular areas.
Surgical Outcome and Complications of Nasal Septal Perforation Repair with Temporal Fascia and Periosteal Grafts
Authors: Virkkula Paula , Mäkitie Antti a. , Vento Seija i.
Published: April 2015

Aims

Surgical treatment of nasal septal perforation remains a challenging field of rhinology. A large variety of techniques and grafts with promising results have been introduced for perforation repair. However, the use of fascia or fascia with periosteum has not been previously evaluated for a large sample of patients.

Methods

During the years 2007–2014, 105 operations were performed and 98 patients were treated for nasal septal perforation at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology–-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. We performed a retrospective review of closure rates and complications. Follow-up time ranged from 1 to 62 months.

Results

Bleeding was the most common early complication (9%), followed by postoperative infection (5%) in the whole series. Our main technique, bipedicled advancement flaps with fascia or fascia and periosteum, was performed for 81 patients. We obtained successful closure in 78% of these patients with this operative technique and the rate increased to 86% during the last 3 years of the study period.

Conclusions

Perforation repair with temporal fascia or fascia with periosteum requiring only one donor site seems to be a reliable option for nasal septal perforation repair.
Arithmetic of Degenerating Principal Variations of Hodge Structure: Examples Arising From Mirror Symmetry and Middle Convolution
Authors: da Silva Genival , Kerr Matt , Pearlstein Gregory
Published: April 2015

We collect evidence in support of a conjecture of Griffiths, Green, and Kerr on the arithmetic of extension classes of limiting mixed Hodge structures arising from semistable degenerations over a number field. After briefly summarizing how a result of Iritani implies this conjecture for a collection of hypergeometric Calabi–Yau threefold examples studied by Doran and Morgan, the authors investigate a sequence of (non-hypergeometric) examples in dimensions 1 ≤d≤ 6 arising from Katz's theory of the middle convolution. A crucial role is played by the Mumford-Tate group (which isG2) of the family of 6-folds, and the theory of boundary components of Mumford–Tate domains.
Categorical Aspects of Quantum Groups: Multipliers and Intrinsic Groups
Authors: Daws Matthew
Published: April 2015

We show that the assignment of the (left) completely bounded multiplier algebra Mlcb(L1()) to a locally compact quantum group , and the assignment of the intrinsic group, form functors between appropriate categories. Morphisms of locally compact quantum groups can be described by Hopf *-homomorphisms between universal C*-algebras, by bicharacters, or by special sorts of coactions. We show that the whole theory of completely bounded multipliers can be lifted to the universal C*-algebra level, and that the different pictures of both multipliers (reduced, universal, and as centralisers) and morphisms then interact in extremely natural ways. The intrinsic group of a quantum group can be realised as a class of multipliers, and so our techniques immediately apply. We also show how to think of the intrinsic group using the universal C*-algebra picture, and then, again, how the differing views on the intrinsic group interact naturally with morphisms. We show that the intrinsic group is the “maximal classical” quantum subgroup of a locally compact quantum group, that it is even closed in the strong Vaes sense, and that the intrinsic group functor is an adjoint to the inclusion functor from locally compact groups to quantum groups.
Littlewood–Paley Characterizations of Second-Order Sobolev Spaces via Averages on Balls
Authors: He Ziyi , Yang Dachun , Yuan Wen
Published: April 2015

In this paper, the authors characterize second-order Sobolev spaces W2,p(ℝn), with p ∊ [2,∞) and n ∊ N or p ∊ (1, 2) and n ∊ {1, 2, 3}, via the Lusin area function and the Littlewood–Paley g*λ -function in terms of ball means.
A Note on 3-choosability of Planar Graphs Related to Montanssier’s Conjecture
Authors: Zhang Haihui
Published: April 2015

For a given list assignment L = {L(v) : v ∈ V(G)}, a graph G = (V, E) is L-colorable if there exists a proper coloring c of G such that c(v) ∈ L(v) for all v ∈ V. If G is L-colorable for every list assignment L having |L(v)| ≥ k for all v ∈ V, then G is said to be k-choosable. Montassier (Inform. Process. Lett. 99 (2006) 68-71) conjectured that every planar graph without cycles of length 4, 5, 6, is 3-choosable. In this paper, we prove that every planar graph without 5-, 6- and 10-cycles, and without two triangles at distance less than 3 is 3-choosable.
Analysis of growth and feed conversion in purebred and crossbred German Merinolandschaf lambs
Authors: Schiller K. F. , Grams V. , Bennewitz J.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. In this study, ewes of "Merinolandschaf", a breed widespread in southern Germany, were crossed with rams of five meat breed types (Ile de France, Charollais, German black-headed mutton sheep (Deutsches Schwarzköpfiges Fleischschaf), Suffolk, Texel) and Merinolandschaf rams. The resulting lambs (179 individuals) were fattened intensively from 55.3 days and body weight of 20.4 kg until 121.7 days and a weight of 40.9 kg. While fattening, feed intake was recorded and lambs were weighed weekly. Ile de France × Merinolandschaf and Texel × Merinolandschaf seem to be of greatest economic interest for intensive fattening because they showed the best feed conversion rate and energetic feed conversion rate. Only these crosses were significantly superior compared to purebred Merinolandschaf in feed conversion rate and also in daily body weight gain during the fattening period. Except Charollais × Merinolandschaf, all crosses showed at least a tendency of improvement in all three traits compared to Merinolandschaf, although this is not always significant. This underlines the advantage of one-way cross-breeding for efficiently producing lamb meat. The growth was modelled with a linear model and the Gompertz model. The results showed that both models fit the data well, although the average R2 was slightly higher and the average mean square error was slightly lower for the Gompertz model. In addition, the use of the Gompertz model provided some interesting biological insights concerning the growth of lambs and differences between the crosses, even though the lambs were slaughtered before reaching their mature body weight.
A comparison of chemical mechanisms using Tagged Ozone Production Potential (TOPP) analysis
Authors: Coates J. , Butler T. M.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Ground-level ozone is a secondary pollutant produced photochemically from reactions of NOx with peroxy radicals produced during VOC degradation. Chemical transport models use simplified representations of this complex gas-phase chemistry to predict O3 levels and inform emission control strategies. Accurate representation of O3 production chemistry is vital for effective predictions. In this study, VOC degradation chemistry in simplified mechanisms is compared to that in the near-explicit MCM mechanism using a boxmodel and by "tagging" all organic degradation products over multi-day runs, thus calculating the Tagged Ozone Production Potential (TOPP) for a selection of VOC representative of urban airmasses. Simplified mechanisms that aggregate VOC degradation products instead of aggregating emitted VOC produce comparable amounts of O3 from VOC degradation to the MCM. First day TOPP values are similar across mechanisms for most VOC, with larger discrepancies arising over the course of the model run. Aromatic and unsaturated aliphatic VOC have largest inter-mechanisms differences on the first day, while alkanes show largest differences on the second day. Simplified mechanisms break down VOC into smaller sized degradation products on the first day faster than the MCM impacting the total amount of O3 produced on subsequent days due to secondary chemistry.
Observations of new particle formation in enhanced UV irradiance zones near cumulus clouds
Authors: Wehner B. , Werner F. , Ditas F. , Shaw R. A. , Kulmala M. , Siebert H.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. During the CARRIBA-campaign (Cloud, Aerosol, Radiation and tuRbulence in the trade wInd regime over BArbados) the interaction between aerosol particles and cloud microphysical properties has been investigated in detail which includes also the influence of clouds on the aerosol formation. During two intensive campaigns in 2010 and 2011 helicopter-borne measurement flights have been performed to investigate the thermodynamic, turbulent, microphysical, and radiative properties of trade wind cumuli over Barbados. During these flights 91 cases with increased aerosol particle number concentrations near clouds were detected. The majority of these cases are also correlated with enhanced irradiance in the ultraviolet spectral wavelength range (UV). This enhancement reaches values up to a factor of 3.3 compared to background values. Thus, cloud boundaries provide a perfect environment for the production of precursor gases for new particle formation. Another feature of cloud edges is an increased turbulence which may also enhance nucleation and particle growth. The observed events have a mean length of 100 m corresponding to a lifetime of less than 300 s. This implies that particles with diameters of at least 7 nm grew several nm per minute which corresponds to the upper end of values in the literature (Kulmala et al., 2004). Such high values cannot be explained by sulfuric acid alone, thus probably extremely low volatile organic compounds (ELVOCs) are involved here.
Seasonal trends in black carbon properties and co-pollutants in Mexico City
Authors: Retama A. , Baumgardner D. , Raga G. B. , McMeeking G. R. , Walker J. W.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) is a region that continues to grow in population and vehicular traffic as well as being the largest source of short lived climate pollutants (SLCP) in Latin America. The local city government has made significant progress in controlling some of these pollutants, i.e. ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO), but particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and black carbon (BC) have shown little response to mitigation strategies that have been in place for more than two decades. For the first time, extended measurements have been made of equivalent black carbon (eBC), derived from light absorption measurements made with a Photoacoustic Extinctiometer (PAX), over a 13 month period from March 2013 through March 2014. The daily trends in workday (Monday through Saturday) and Sunday eBC, PM2.5 and the co-pollutants CO, O3 and NOx are evaluated with respect to the three primary seasons in that region: rainy, cold-dry and warm-dry. The maximum values in all of the particle and gas concentrations were significantly larger (Student's t test, P< 0.05) during the dry periods than in the rainy season. The changes from rainy to dry seasons for eBC, PM2.5, CO, O3, and NOx were 8.8 to 13.1 μg m-3 (40%), 49 to 73 μg m-3 (40%), 2.5 to 3.8 ppm (40%), 73 to 100 ppb (30%) and 144 to 252 ppb (53%), respectively. The primary factors that lead to these large changes between the wet and dry seasons are the accelerated vertical mixing of boundary layer and free tropospheric air by the formation of clouds that dilutes the concentration of the SLCPs and the decreased actinic flux that reduces the production of ozone by photochemical reactions. A significant "weekend effect" was also identified, particularly the decrease in BC due to fewer large transport vehicles that are fueled by diesel that produces a large fraction of the BC emissions. The other co-pollutant concentrations are also significantly less on weekends except for O3 that shows no change in maximum values from workday to Sunday. As has been noted in previous studies, this lack of change is a result of the balancing effects of lower precursor gases, i.e. VOCs, offset by lower NOx that is an O3 inhibitor. A comparison of average, maximum values of eBC measured during the one year period of the current study with maximum values measured in short field campaigns in 2000 and 2006 show that there has been no significant change in the eBC emissions over a 14 year period. This suggests that the current pollution mitigation strategy will need to be evaluated to develop new methods than can decrease potentially toxic levels of this particulate pollutant.
Infrared limb emission measurements of aerosol in the troposphere and stratosphere
Authors: Griessbach S. , Hoffmann L. , Spang R. , von Hobe M. , Müller R. , Riese M.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Altitude resolved aerosol detection in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) is a challenging task for remote sensing instruments. Here, we introduce a new method for detecting aerosol in the UTLS based on infrared limb emission measurements. The method applies an improved aerosol-cloud-index that indicates infrared limb spectra affected by aerosol and ice clouds. For the discrimination between aerosol and ice clouds we developed a new method based on brightness temperature difference correlations. The discrimination thresholds for the new method were derived from radiative transfer simulations (including scattering) and Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS)/Envisat measurements obtained in 2011. The method not only reliably separates aerosol from ice clouds, but also provides characteristic yet overlapping correlation patterns for volcanic ash and sulfate aerosol. We demonstrate the value of the new approach for volcanic ash and sulfate aerosol originating from the Grímsvötn (Iceland), Puyehue-Cordón Caulle (Chile) and Nabro (Eritrea) eruptions by comparing with Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) volcanic ash and SO2 measurements.
Driving of the SAO by gravity waves as observed from satellite
Authors: Ern M. , Preusse P. , Riese M.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. It is known that atmospheric dynamics in the tropical stratosphere have an influence on higher altitudes and latitudes as well as on surface weather and climate. In the tropics, the dynamics are governed by an interplay of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and semiannual oscillation (SAO) of the zonal wind. The QBO is dominant in the lower and middle stratosphere, and the SAO in the upper stratosphere/lower mesosphere. For both QBO and SAO the driving by atmospheric waves plays an important role. In particular, the role of gravity waves is still not well understood. In our study we use observations of the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) satellite instrument to derive gravity wave momentum fluxes and gravity wave drag in order to investigate the interaction of gravity waves with the SAO. These observations are compared with the ERA-Interim reanalysis. Usually, QBO westward winds are much stronger than QBO eastward winds. Therefore, mainly gravity waves with westward-directed phase speeds are filtered out through critical-level filtering already below the stratopause region. Accordingly, HIRDLS observations show that gravity waves contribute to the SAO momentum budget mainly during eastward wind shear, and not much during westward wind shear. These findings confirm theoretical expectations and are qualitatively in good agreement with ERA-Interim and other modeling studies. In ERA-Interim most of the westward SAO driving is due to planetary waves, likely of extratropical origin. Still, we find in both observations and ERA-Interim that sometimes westward-propagating gravity waves may contribute to the westward driving of the SAO. Four characteristic cases of atmospheric background conditions are identified. The forcings of the SAO in these cases are discussed in detail, supported by gravity wave spectra observed by HIRDLS. In particular, we find that the gravity wave forcing of the SAO cannot be explained by critical-level filtering alone; gravity wave saturation without critical levels being reached is also important.
Environmental forcing does not induce diel or synoptic variation in carbon isotope content of forest soil respiration
Authors: Bowling D. R. , Egan J. E. , Hall S. J. , Risk D. A.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Recent studies have examined temporal fluctuations in the amount and carbon isotope content (δ13C) of CO2 produced by respiration of roots and soil organisms. These changes have been correlated with diel cycles of environmental forcing (e.g., sunlight and soil temperature) and with synoptic-scale atmospheric motion (e.g., rain events and pressure-induced ventilation). We used an extensive suite of measurements to examine soil respiration over two months in a subalpine forest in Colorado, USA (the Niwot Ridge AmeriFlux forest). Observations included automated measurements of CO2 and δ13C of CO2 in the soil efflux, the soil gas profile, and forest air. There was strong diel variability in soil efflux, but no diel change in the δ13C of the soil efflux (δR) or the CO2 produced by biological activity in the soil (δJ). Following rain, soil efflux increased significantly, but δR and δJ did not change. Temporal variation in the δ13C of the soil efflux was unrelated to measured environmental variables. Measurements of the δ13C of the soil efflux with chambers agreed closely with independent observations of the isotopic composition of soil CO2 production derived from soil gas well measurements. Deeper in the soil profile and at the soil surface, results confirmed established theory regarding diffusive soil gas transport and isotopic fractionation. Deviation from best-fit diffusion model results at the shallower depths illuminated a pump-induced ventilation artifact that should be anticipated and avoided in future studies. There was no evidence of natural pressure-induced ventilation of the deep soil. However, higher variability of δ13C of the soil efflux relative to δ13C of production derived from soil profile measurements was likely caused by transient pressure-induced transport with small horizontal length scales.
A 3-D RBF-FD elliptic solver for irregular boundaries: modeling the atmospheric global electric circuit with topography
Authors: Bayona V. , Flyer N. , Lucas G. M. , Baumgaertner A. J. G.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. A numerical model based on Radial Basis Function-generated Finite Differences (RBF-FD) is developed for simulating the Global Electric Circuit (GEC) within the Earth's atmosphere, represented by a 3-D variable coefficient linear elliptic PDE in a spherically-shaped volume with the lower boundary being the Earth's topography and the upper boundary a sphere at 60 km. To our knowledge, this is (1) the first numerical model of the GEC to combine the Earth's topography with directly approximating the differential operators in 3-D space, and related to this (2) the first RBF-FD method to use irregular 3-D stencils for discretization to handle the topography. It benefits from the mesh-free nature of RBF-FD, which is especially suitable for modeling high-dimensional problems with irregular boundaries. The RBF-FD elliptic solver proposed here makes no limiting assumptions on the spatial variability of the coefficients in the PDE (i.e. the conductivity profile), the right hand side forcing term of the PDE (i.e. distribution of current sources) or the geometry of the lower boundary.
Impacts of high inter-annual variability of rainfall on a century of extreme hydrologic regime of northwest Australia
Authors: Rouillard A. , Skrzypek G. , Dogramaci S. , Turney C. , Grierson P. F.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Long-term hydrologic records provide crucial reference baselines of natural variability that can be used to evaluate potential changes in hydrologic regimes and their impacts. However, there is a dearth of studies of the hydrologic regimes for tropical drylands where intraseasonal and interannual variability in magnitude and frequency of precipitation are extreme. Here, we sought to identify the main hydroclimatic determinants of the strongly episodic flood regime of a large catchment in the semi-arid, subtropical northwest of Australia and to establish the background of hydrologic variability for the region over the last century. We used a monthly sequence of satellite images to quantify surface water expression on the Fortescue Marsh, the largest water feature of inland northwest Australia, from 1988 to 2012. We used this sequence together with instrumental rainfall data to build a statistical model with multiple linear regression and reconstruct monthly history of floods and droughts since 1912. We found that severe and intense regional rainfall events, as well as the sequence of recharge events both within and between years, determine surface water expression on the floodplain (i.e. total rainfall, number of rain days and carried-over inundated area; R2adj = 0.79; p value < 0.001, ERMSP = 56 km2). The most severe reconstructed inundation over the last century was in March 2000 (1000 km2), which is less than the 1300 km2 area required to overflow to the adjacent catchment. The Fortescue Marsh was completely dry for 32% of all years, for periods of up to four consecutive years. Extremely wet years (seven of the 100 years) caused the Marsh to remain inundated for up to 12 months; only 25% of years (9% of all months) had floods of greater than 300 km2. The prolonged, severe and consecutive yearly inundations between 1999 and 2006 were unprecedented compared to the last century. While there is high inter-annual variability in the system, if the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events for the region were to increase (or be similar to 1999–2006), surface water on the Marsh will become more persistent, in turn impacting its structure and functioning as a wetland.
Data assimilation of GRACE terrestrial water storage estimates into a regional hydrological model of the Rhine River basin
Authors: Tangdamrongsub N. , Steele-Dunne S. C. , Gunter B. C. , Ditmar P. G. , Weerts A. H.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. The ability to estimate terrestrial water storage (TWS) realistically is essential for understanding past hydrological events and predicting future changes in the hydrological cycle. Inadequacies in model physics, uncertainty in model land parameters, and uncertainties in meteorological data commonly limit the accuracy of hydrological models in simulating TWS. In an effort to improve model performance, this study investigated the benefits of assimilating TWS estimates derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data into the OpenStreams wflow_hbv model using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) approach. The study area chosen was the Rhine River basin, which has both well-calibrated model parameters and high-quality forcing data that were used for experimentation and comparison. Four different case studies were examined which were designed to evaluate different levels of forcing data quality and resolution including those typical of other less well-monitored river basins. The results were validated using in situ groundwater (GW) and stream gauge data. The analysis showed a noticeable improvement in GW estimates when GRACE data were assimilated, with a best-case improvement of correlation coefficient from 0.31 to 0.53 and root mean square error (RMSE) from 8.4 to 5.4 cm compared to the reference (ensemble open-loop) case. For the data-sparse case, the best-case GW estimates increased the correlation coefficient from 0.46 to 0.61 and decreased the RMSE by 35%. For the average improvement of GW estimates (for all four cases), the correlation coefficient increases from 0.6 to 0.7 and the RMSE was reduced by 15%. Only a slight overall improvement was observed in streamflow estimates when GRACE data were assimilated. Further analysis suggested that this is likely due to sporadic short-term, but sizeable, errors in the forcing data and the lack of sufficient constraints on the soil moisture component. Overall, the results highlight the benefit of assimilating GRACE data into hydrological models, particularly in data-sparse regions, while also providing insight on future refinements of the methodology.
What are the key drivers of regional differences in the water balance on the Tibetan Plateau?
Authors: Biskop S. , Maussion F. , Krause P. , Fink M.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Lake-level fluctuations in closed basins on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) indicate climate-induced changes in the regional water balance. However, little is known about the region's key hydrological parameters, hampering the interpretation of these changes. The purpose of this study is to contribute to a more quantitative understanding of these controls. Four lakes in the south-central part of the TP were selected to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of water-balance components: Nam Co and Tangra Yumco (indicating increasing water levels), and Mapam Yumco and Paiku Co (indicating stable or slightly decreasing water levels). We present the results of an integrated approach combining hydrological modeling, atmospheric-model output and remote-sensing data. The hydrological model J2000g was adapted and extended according to the specific characteristics of closed lake basins on the TP and driven with "High Asia Refined analysis (HAR)" data at 10 km resolution for the period 2001–2010. Our results reveal that because of the small portion of glacier areas (1 to 7% of the total basin area) the contribution of glacier melt water accounts for only 14–30% of total runoff during the study period. Precipitation is found to be the principal factor controlling the water-balance in the four studied basins. The positive water balance in the Nam Co and Tangra Yumco basins was primarily related to larger precipitation amounts and thus higher runoff rates in comparison with the Paiku Co and Mapam Yumco basins. This study highlights the benefits of combining atmospheric and hydrological modeling. The presented approach can be readily transferred to other ungauged lake basins on the TP, opening new directions of research. Future work should go towards increasing the atmospheric model's spatial resolution and a better assessment of the model-chain uncertainties, especially in this region where observational data is missing.
Modelling water, sediment and nutrient fluxes from a mixed land-use catchment in New Zealand: effects of hydrologic conditions on SWAT model performance
Authors: Me W. , Abell J. M. , Hamilton D. P.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was configured for the Puarenga Stream catchment (77 km2), Rotorua, New Zealand. The catchment land use is mostly plantation forest, some of which is spray-irrigated with treated wastewater. A Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI-2) procedure was used to auto-calibrate unknown parameter values in the SWAT model which was applied to the Puarenga catchment. Discharge, sediment, and nutrient variables were then partitioned into two components (base flow and quick flow) based on hydrograph separation. A manual procedure (one-at a-time sensitivity analysis) was then used to quantify parameter sensitivity for the two hydrologically-separated regimes. Comparison of simulated daily mean discharge, sediment and nutrient concentrations with high-frequency, event-based measurements allowed the error in model predictions to be quantified. This comparison highlighted the potential for model error associated with quick-flow fluxes in flashy lower-order streams to be underestimated compared with low-frequency (e.g. monthly) measurements derived predominantly from base flow measurements. To overcome this problem we advocate the use of high-frequency, event-based monitoring data during calibration and dynamic parameter values with some dependence on discharge regime. This study has important implications for quantifying uncertainty in hydrological models, particularly for studies where model simulations are used to simulate responses of stream discharge and composition to changes in irrigation and land management.
Data assimilation experiments using diffusive back-and-forth nudging for the NEMO ocean model
Authors: Ruggiero G. A. , Ourmières Y. , Cosme E. , Blum J. , Auroux D. , Verron J.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. The diffusive back-and-forth nudging (DBFN) is an easy-to-implement iterative data assimilation method based on the well-known nudging method. It consists of a sequence of forward and backward model integrations, within a given time window, both of them using a feedback term to the observations. Therefore, in the DBFN, the nudging asymptotic behaviour is translated into an infinite number of iterations within a bounded time domain. In this method, the backward integration is carried out thanks to what is called backward model, which is basically the forward model with reversed time step sign. To maintain numeral stability, the diffusion terms also have their sign reversed, giving a diffusive character to the algorithm. In this article the DBFN performance to control a primitive equation ocean model is investigated. In this kind of model non-resolved scales are modelled by diffusion operators which dissipate energy that cascade from large to small scales. Thus, in this article, the DBFN approximations and their consequences for the data assimilation system set-up are analysed. Our main result is that the DBFN may provide results which are comparable to those produced by a 4Dvar implementation with a much simpler implementation and a shorter CPU time for convergence. The conducted sensitivity tests show that the 4Dvar profits of long assimilation windows to propagate surface information downwards, and that for the DBFN, it is worth using short assimilation windows to reduce the impact of diffusion-induced errors. Moreover, the DBFN is less sensitive to the first guess than the 4Dvar.
Search for the 531 day-period wobble signal in the polar motion based on EEMD
Authors: Ding H. , Shen W. B.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. In this study, we use a nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis method, the ensemble empirical mode decomposition method (EEMD), to analyze the polar motion (PM) time series (EOP C04 series from 1962 to 2013) to find a 531 day-period wobble (531 dW) signal. The 531 dW signal has been found in the early PM seires (1962–1977) while cannot be found in the recent PM seires (1978–2013) using conventional analysis approaches. By the virtue of the demodulation feature of EEMD, the 531 dW can be confirmed to be present in PM based on the differences of the amplitudes and phases between different intrinsic mode functions. Results from three sub-series divided from the EOP C04 series show that the period of the 531 dW is subject to variations, in the range of 530.9–524 d, and its amplitude is also time-dependent (about 2–11 mas). Synthetic tests are carried out to explain why the 531 dW can only be observed in recent 30-years PM time series after using EEMD. The 531 dW is also detected in two longest available superconducting gravimeter (SG) records, which further confirms the presence of the 531 dW. The confirmation of 531 dW existence could be significant in establishing a more reasonable Earth rotation model and may effectively contribute to the prediction of the PM and its mechanism interpretation.
Teaching Titus Andronicus in Contemporary India
Authors: Kurian Anna
Published: April 2015

A note on teaching Titus Andronicus in 2013 India, highlighting its relevance to the prevalent gender politics.
Droppin’ Knowledge on Race: Hip-Hop, White Adolescents, and Anti-Racism Education
Authors: Netcoh Steven
Published: April 2015

In this essay, the author examines how Hip-Hop can be mobilized in anti-racism educational initatives.  The author claims that existing research on Hip-Hop and white adolescents suggests a negative corrleation between white youths' engagement with Hip-Hop and their understanding of how race and racism function in American society.  In response to this research, the author argues Hip-Hop's diverse racial discourses and ideologies must be made the subject of direct and critical inquiry in secondary and post-secondary classrooms to maximize its democratic potential.  The author outlines specific approaches for how teachers can employ Hip-Hop in anti-racism curricula in secondary and post-secondary classrooms.  Collectively, the essay serves as a preliminary investigation of Hip-Hop pedagogies of race and whiteness.
Syllabus: Hip Hop Theater
Authors: Branner Djola , Page Priscilla
Published: April 2015

This document represents our guiding principles in exploring the relationship between Hip Hop and contemporary theater. It includes our syllabus, course calendar and working bibliography.
Hip-Hop Fight Club: Radical Theory, Education, and Practice in and beyond the Classroom
Authors: Ball Jared A.
Published: April 2015

Hip-hop remains a viable method for the teaching of radical theory, emancipatory journalism and Africana Media Theory.  Fight Club is an emergent model that builds from existing hip-hop traditions of freetyle battling where critical thought and intellectual challenges of hueristic norms are upended.  This article argues in favor of bringing the Fight Club model into the classroom which allows for heightened student engagement and the inclusion of radical theoretical approaches to the study of mass media, communication and journalism.
Professional Decline and Resistance: The Case of Library and Archives Canada
Authors: Oliphant Tami , McNally Michael B.
Published: April 2015

In 2004, Canada was the first country in the world to amalgamate its two main documentary heritage institutions, the National Archives of Canada (established in 1872) and the National Library of Canada (established in 1953) into one "modernized" institution: Library and Archives Canada (LAC). The "modernization" policy has commercialized and reduced services, collections, and collaboration while simultaneously deprofessionalizing and casualizing the work of professionals. Resistance to modernization has come from many stakeholders across Canada but the responses by the Canadian Association of University Teachers (CAUT) and the Canadian Library Association (CLA) are particularly salient. Both are national organizations concerned with access to information and Canada’s documentary heritage. The case of LAC demonstrates how a neoliberal remaking of one prominent, national institution can weaken entire professions.
Contributors' Notes
Authors: Editors Radical Teacher
Published: April 2015

None
Ask More Questions?
Authors: Ricket Allison L.
Published: April 2015

This teaching notes describes an experience which leads to important questions about the nature of inquiry and social justice pedegogy.
A Short Course on Development in “Post-conflict” Congo
Authors: Podur Justin
Published: April 2015

It was during my brief teaching in Bukavu, in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), that I came to understand the power of neoliberalism in shaping the narrative of DRC’s past, present, and future. While my students argued that the DRC's problems stemmed from local corruption, not ongoing colonialism, I was trying to present a more diverse story of development, one that cracks in the neoliberal narrative and lets democracy and the public sector play a role.
Feeding Revolution: The Black Panther Party and the Politics of Food
Authors: Potorti Mary
Published: April 2015

This chapter examines the role of food in the symbolic politics and practical agenda of the Black Panther Party (BPP), founded in the late 1960s in Oakland, California.  Situating hunger and the politics of food at the center of drives for racial justice, it argues that the BPP’s anti-hunger efforts and food-centered campaigns were driven by an implicit understanding of the power of food in battles over racialized definitions of personhood, a forum for both enforcing and resisting hegemonic authority.  From this vantage, the Panthers and their allies in the East Bay community utilized the Party’s popular food programs, specifically its Free Breakfast for School Children Program, as staging grounds to prepare for a revolutionary overthrow of the socio-economic order.  In addition to strengthening the physical bodies of African Americans to ensure their “survival pending revolution,” the food programs served a deeper organizing function by encouraging community members to come together to meet an immediate, practical need and, in doing so, to visualize themselves as part of a larger movement for change.  The Panthers’ subsequent demands for consumer rights and calls for conscientious consumption (both as purchasers and eaters of food) highlighted the role of food politics in perpetuating racial injustice while demonstrating the capacity for food-related protest to challenge structures of hunger and patterns of widespread malnourishment.
Whose Food Revolution? Perspectives from a Food Service Training Academy
Authors: Friedensohn Doris
Published: April 2015

Article is on the Food Service Academy of the Community Foodbank of NJ where she lectures.Article was written by Doris Friedensohn initially for RT panel at Left Forum.There are also 4 photos.
Standing Upright Podcasting, Performance, and Alternative Comedy
Authors: Meserko Vince M.
Published: April 2015

Within the Los Angeles stand-up comedy scene, the podcast has become an increasingly popular communication medium for alternative comic performance. Comedians Jimmy Pardo of Never Not Funny (NNF), Scott Aukerman of Comedy Bang-Bang (CBB), Jesse Thorn and Jordan Morris of Jordan, Jesse, GO!, and Doug Benson of Doug Loves Movies (DLM) have been using the podcast as an artistic outlet and tool for self-promotion over the last several years. These podcasters have each forged distinct places for themselves within this community, and their use of this upstart medium represents an important case study in the shifting cultural dynamics that the podcast introduces. The podcast medium allows this group of comedians not only to skirt FCC regulations and produce content not indebted to advertisers, gatekeepers, club owners, or executives, but also to feel empowered that their content will reach their most ardent fans in the most direct, intimate way.