bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Clinical Insights: New Radiographic Grading for Lumbar Facet Joint Degeneration, A Reliability Study
Authors: Liu Xiaowen , Zhu Zhenyu , He Shouyu , Sun Mingjian , Zhao Tianyi , Liu Lei , Shi Haoyang , Hou Yang , Shi Guodong
Published: January 2025

Background

Lumbar facet joint diseases can often lead to reduced work efficiency and increased medical costs. As a primary imaging tool in orthopedics, X‐rays offer numerous advantages. However, there is no consensus on the classification of lumbar facet joints based on X‐ray imaging.

Methods

This study was conducted for 356 patients between November 2017 and September 2023. A senior radiologist and a senior orthopedic surgeon discussed and established a grading system for lumbar facet joints based on both X‐ray and MRI findings. Two double‐blind attending spinal surgeons were asked to evaluate and grade the included cases. The intra‐rater reliability and inter‐rater reliability were evaluated by assessing the weighted kappa (κw) coefficient.

Results

The level of inter‐rater reliability of MRI for complete agreement was good for Doctor A (κw = 0.792) and Doctor B (κw = 0.869). The inter‐rater reliability coefficient for grading lumbar facet joint degeneration based on the radiograph was as follows: for Doctor A (κw = 0.702, session 1; κw = 0.847, session 2) and Doctor B (κw = 0.714, session 1; κw = 0.828, session 2). Moreover, the level of intra‐rater reliability based on X‐ray for complete agreement was excellent for Doctor A (κw = 0.843) and Doctor B (κw = 0.836).

Conclusion

We propose a new grading system for lumbar facet joint degeneration based on X‐rays, which serves as a supplement to the Weishaupt and Pathria classifications. This grading system aims to provide clinicians with a more comprehensive understanding of lumbar facet joint degeneration, allowing for the use of a broader range of diagnostic tools to evaluate facet joint degeneration from multiple perspectives. We believe that this grading system can be valuable in assessing potential anatomical changes related to the facet joint, thereby informing modifications to surgical techniques and procedural steps.
Rhinorrhea Recurrence After Posterior Nasal Nerve Cryoablation: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Craig John R. , Mack Curtis , Vidovich Aleks , Wilson Carl , Nguyen Theodore V. , Kuan Edward C.
Published: January 2025

Background

Posterior nasal nerve (PNN) cryoablation improves chronic rhinitis (CR) symptoms in 70–80% of cases, including clear thin rhinorrhea (CTR). This study's purpose was to determine time to and degree of CTR recurrence following cryoablation.

Methods

A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent PNN cryoablation to treat CR‐related CTR refractory to ipratropium bromide nasal spray (IBNS). Cryoablation was applied along middle meatal posterolateral walls. Demographic and clinical data were collected at clinic visits or by phone surveys. Patients were followed for either 12 months minimum, or until CTR recurrence. Primary outcome measures were time to and degree of CTR improvement and recurrence based on patient‐reported runny nose scores (Likert scale, 0–5). Additionally, patients were asked whether their recurrent CTR was bothersome enough to require treatment, and their preference for subsequent treatments.

Results

Of 74 CR patients, mean age was 58 years, and 53% were female. Regarding CR subtypes, 74% were nonallergic, 22% mixed, and 4% allergic. Additionally, 78% were IBNS responders. Overall, 62 of 74 (84%) initially improved. Of 60 patients with adequate follow‐up for recurrence (mean 31.6 months), 57 (95%) recurred to some degree at a mean 5 months post‐treatment. Of those who recurred, 37 (65%) recurred completely to preoperative RNSs, and 11 (19%) achieved 20–25% RNS reduction. Almost 90% of those with recurrent CTR were bothered enough to desire further treatment.

Conclusion

PNN cryoablation led to CTR improvement in 84% of CR patients, with nearly 90% of patients developing bothersome recurrent CTR by about 5 months post‐treatment.

Level of Evidence

Level 4 Laryngoscope, 2025
Food Productivity, Green Energy and Land Resources: A Critical Perspective of the BRICS Economic Food Production Industry
Authors: Yuan Zelin , Li Juan , Feng Zehua , Liu Xiangdong
Published: January 2025

Food security and productivity is an essential part of sustainable development and goals which needs high attention because of the severity of climate risk and change. Therefore, we evaluated the food production index in BRICS economies through its leading determinants where the direct studies are missing in the literature. To address this gap, this research delves into the interplay between total natural resources (TNRNTS), economic growth (GDP), and the food production index (FPINDX) within the BRICS economies spanning from 1990 to 2022. This research also considers the significant impact of renewable energy (REC), research and development (RDEVP), and technological innovation (TI). This research employs a range of panel data techniques, encompassing first‐generation panel unit root tests. Both Kao residual and Johansen cointegration tests are employed to examine long‐run cointegration. The primary approach hinges on the utilization of panel ARDL. To ensure the robustness of the findings, FMOLS and quantile regression tests, encompassing both linear and nonlinear variations, are conducted. To investigate causality, the pairwise Dumitrescu Hurlin panel causality test is applied. The results reveal that the variables exhibit stationarity at the first difference, while a long‐run equilibrium relationship is observed among them. The empirical outcomes suggest that GDP, TNRNTS, and TI positively and significantly influence FPINDX, while REC and RDEVP reduce FPINDX in the short and long run. Robustness protocols provide similar and comparable outcomes to the main methods, while causal linkage reveals that TI has a bidirectional linkage with FPINDX, while the remaining variables have a unidirectional connection with FPINDX. Despite resource shortages, the role of cleaner technologies has a lower or negative influence on FPINDX. Policymakers should promote investments and innovations in renewable energy to enhance energy efficiency and productivity, reduce reliance on fossil fuels in the agricultural sector and increase the productivity of FPINDX.
The effect of unilateral endoscopic arytenoid abduction lateropexy on swallowing in cases of bilateral vocal fold palsy
Authors: Ambrus Andrea , Rovó László , Bach Ádám
Published: January 2025

Objective

Endoscopic arytenoid abduction lateropexy (EAAL) is a minimally invasive surgical technique for the immediate management of bilateral vocal fold palsy (BVFP). Specifically, it achieves a stable and adequate airway by lateralizing the arytenoid cartilage without resecting laryngeal structures. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of EAAL on swallowing in cases of BVFP.

Methods

The participants consisted of 17 adult patients (15 female, 2 male) who underwent unilateral EAAL for BVFP. Swallowing function was evaluated by using the fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) on the 6th postoperative day and in the 6th postoperative month. The results were assessed by using the pharyngeal residue severity scale (PRSS) and the modified penetration‐aspiration scale (mPAS). Additionally, the M.D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) questionnaire was self‐administered during the 6th postoperative month.

Results

Overall, 16 of the 17 patients demonstrated normal swallowing function during the early and late postoperative periods. Moreover, one patient experienced mild fluid aspiration early on, but initially managed it with dietary adjustments and eventually resolved it with a head flexion compensatory maneuver. There was no significant deterioration in swallowing‐related quality of life according to the MDADI assessments.

Conclusion

Based on this evaluation of unilateral EAAL, our results confirmed that this procedure is not only a reliable solution for BVFP from the perspective of respiratory function and phonation but also in terms of swallowing quality.

Level of Evidence

4.
Evaluation of factors that impact medical student consideration of a career in otolaryngology
Authors: Kress Mary H. , Thomas Evan , Turbeville Hannah , Lenze Nicholas R. , Williams Brent , Pleasant Terrence , Bohm Lauren
Published: January 2025

Objective

To identify differences in timing of exposure and demographic characteristics between medical students who did and did not consider Otolaryngology as a career choice.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study involved developing and distributing a survey by an interdisciplinary team to assess exposure to Otolaryngology and individual consideration of pursuing Otolaryngology. The survey was administered electronically to third‐ and fourth‐year medical students at a single medical school, with a small monetary incentive for completion. Descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact tests, and logistic regression models were used for analysis.

Results

A total of 172 survey responses were collected out of 374 third‐ and fourth‐year medical students (46%). A total of 74 (43.0%) respondents considered Otolaryngology during medical school. Exposure to Otolaryngology prior to medical school was significantly associated with choosing Otolaryngology (71.4%) compared to those who lacked exposure (28.6%) (p = .048). There was no significant gender difference among students who considered Otolaryngology (p = .537). However, our results showed significant differences between those who considered Otolaryngology by race (p = .003). Black/African American (OR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.01–0.99; p = .049) and Hispanic or Latino (OR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.03–0.65; p = .012) were less likely to consider Otolaryngology when compared to those identifying as White when adjusted for exposure prior to medical school.

Conclusions

Our results showed that early exposure and demographic background impact a student's decision to consider Otolaryngology as a career. These findings highlight the need for robust recruitment initiatives. Avenues like pipeline and mentorship programs are recommended to recruit and attract diverse applicants to Otolaryngology.

Level of Evidence

3
Elastic cartilage properties of the tip of the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage
Authors: Sato Kiminori , Chitose Shun‐ichi , Sato Kiminobu , Sato Fumihiko , Ono Takeharu , Umeno Hirohito
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the histological and ultrastructural features of the elastic cartilage at the tip of the vocal process in the arytenoid cartilage, which is essential for laryngeal biomechanics.

Methods

Five larynges, including the vocal folds and epiglottis, were examined using transmission electron microscopy. The elastic cartilage at the tip of the vocal process was compared to the epiglottic cartilage within the same larynx to elucidate structural differences.

Results

The elastic cartilage at the vocal process tip consisted of chondrocytes, elastic fibers, collagen fibrils, and ground substances. Chondrocytes in the vocal process were smaller and not distinctly isolated in cartilage cavities (lacunae), unlike those in the epiglottis. Cytoplasmic analysis showed abundant free ribosomes and well‐developed granular endoplasmic reticula, often with dilated cisternae. Amorphous materials were synthesized at the periphery of the cytoplasm and secreted through vesicles. The cartilage matrices were composed of elastic fibers, collagen fibrils, microfibrils, and proteoglycans. The density of elastic fibers was notably higher where elaunin fibers predominated. Collagen fibrils were thin, randomly oriented, and did not form thick bundles. Microfibrils formed delicate three‐dimensional networks with other extracellular matrix components. And proteoglycan granules were located in the interstitial spaces among other cartilage matrix components and attached to them.

Conclusions

The unique structural features of the elastic cartilage at the tip of vocal process, when compared to the epiglottic cartilage, suggest a specialized functional role in maintaining the flexibility and resilience required for vocal fold adduction and abduction during phonation and other laryngeal functions.

Level of evidence: NA
Inpatient total thyroidectomy costs and outcomes vary regionally: A nationwide study
Authors: Choudhry Hannaan S. , Patel Aman M. , Lemdani Mehdi S. , Choudhry Hassaam S. , Revercomb Lucy , Patel Rushi , Park Richard Chan Woo , Fang Christina H.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

While it is known that surgical costs continue to rise in the United States, there is little information about the specific underlying factors for this variation in many common procedures. This study investigates the influence of geographic location and hospital demographics on hospital cost and postoperative outcomes in adult patients undergoing total thyroidectomy (TT).

Methods

The National Inpatient Sample was queried for patients who underwent primary TT between 2016 and 2017. Multivariable analyses were conducted to determine estimates and odds ratios (OR) between various hospital factors and total cost, prolonged length of stay (LOS), and non‐home discharge. Reference categories were small bed‐size and Northeast region.

Results

A weighted total of 16,880 patients with mean age of 50.6 years were included. Most patients were female (73.8%), White (57.0%), and treated at Southern (32.4%), large bed‐size (65.1%), and urban teaching (82.7%) hospitals. Medium and large bed‐size hospitals were associated with a 6.5% (p < .001) and 7.5% (p < .001) reduction in TT cost, respectively. TT cost was greatest in the West, associated with a 32.4% increase (p < .001). Patients in the Midwest (OR 1.366, p = .011) had prolonged LOS, whereas patients treated in the Midwest (OR 0.436, p < .001), South (OR 0.438, p < .001), and West (OR 0.502, p < .001) had lower odds of non‐home discharge.

Conclusion

There is geographic variation in both costs and outcomes of TT. Although Northeastern hospitals had the lowest costs for TT, they were associated with the greatest odds for non‐home discharge.

Level of evidence: IV
3D Terahertz Confocal Imaging with Chromatic Metasurface
Authors: You Xiaolong , Ako Rajour Tanyi , Sriram Sharath , Withayachumnankul Withawat
Published: January 2025

Terahertz confocal imaging allows 3D see‐through of a non‐metallic object with high resolution. Conventional methods acquiring 3D images of thick objects suffer from limited depth‐of‐field, constrained depth resolution, and/or inconsistent spatial resolution at different depths. To address these limitations, the intrinsic chromatic aberration of a typical focusing metasurface is exploited to achieve frequency‐dependent focal lengths. An object located within this extended focal range can be readily 3D inspected by performing 2D raster scans. A rigorous analysis reveals that the focal spot maintains a constant waist diameter of 2.4 mm (equivalent to 2.2 at 275 GHz) and migrates 68.1 mm (equivalent to 62.4, or 16.4 times of Rayleigh length, or 1.4‐fold of the designed focal length at 275 GHz) from 175 to 525 GHz, and thus achieving a consistent spatial resolution and a large depth‐of‐field for 3D imaging. Importantly, this large depth‐of‐field is achieved with a relatively high numerical aperture of around 0.42. Measurements conducted between 220 and 330 GHz exhibit close agreement with the calculation. To demonstrate its imaging functionality, two stacked papers with different texts, a mobile phone, and earphones concealed in a charging case are imaged, where a short‐time Fourier transform is implemented in the time‐domain terahertz images to enhance image contrast. The presented metasurface is technologically significant for imaging systems to rapidly inspect objects in 3D with exceptional resolutions. Its potential applications include in‐situ defect detection and object identification in security screening.
Controlled Release of a Hydrophobic Fluorescent Molecule From Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polycaprolactone Composite Thin Films
Authors: Cheng Yuran , Ishida Mako , Takeoka Shinji
Published: January 2025

Drugs with low water solubility comprise a significant proportion of pharmaceutical compounds. To control the release of these drugs, polymer thin‐film formulations with a physical hydrophobic barrier layer do not provide ideal release profiles. In this study, polymer carriers with hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the barrier layer are developed, and investigated the effect of the PVA film thickness on the release of hydrophobic molecules. Instead of an aqueous system, an oil‐based system is used to measure membrane permeability, and Nile Red is used as the hydrophobic model drug. PVA thin films are prepared with polycaprolactone as the supportive layer, which retained their permeability. In the limited thickness range investigated, PVA thin films exhibited thickness‐dependent permeability toward the hydrophobic model drug.
G9a an Epigenetic Therapeutic Strategy for Neurodegenerative Conditions: From Target Discovery to Clinical Trials
Authors: Bellver‐Sanchis Aina , Ribalta‐Vilella Marta , Irisarri Alba , Gehlot Pinky , Choudhary Bhanwar Singh , Jana Abhisek , Vyas Vivek Kumar , Banerjee Deb Ranjan , Pallàs Mercè , Guerrero Ana , Griñán‐Ferré Christian
Published: January 2025

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of G9a/EHMT2, focusing on its structure and exploring the impact of its pharmacological and/or gene inhibition in various neurological diseases. In addition, we delve into the advancements in the design and synthesis of G9a/EHMT2 inhibitors, which hold promise not only as a treatment for neurodegeneration diseases but also for other conditions, such as cancer and malaria. Besides, we presented the discovery of dual therapeutic approaches based on G9a inhibition and different epigenetic enzymes like histone deacetylases, DNA methyltransferases, and other lysine methyltransferases. Hence, findings offer valuable insights into developing novel and promising therapeutic strategies targeting G9a/EHMT2 for managing these neurological conditions.
Bounds for the p‐Numerical Radius Through Singular Values
Authors: Kittaneh Fuad , Moradi Hamid Reza , Sababheh Mohammad
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we prove some bounds for the ‐numerical radius as natural extensions of certain known bounds for the numerical radius. This complements many recent studies in this direction.

Among many results, we show that if is an complex matrix, with Aluthge transform , then for ,
where and denote the ‐numerical radius and the Schatten ‐norm, respectively. This extends a celebrated result by Yamazaki, who showed the same result when .
A Novel Algorithm and Its Convergence Analysis for Solving the Generalized Split Inverse Problem
Authors: Eslamian Mohammad
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we consider a bilevel problem: Variational inequalities over the solution set of a general split inverse problem consists of a monotone variational inclusion problem. We propose a relaxed inertial forward‐backward‐forward splitting algorithm with a new step size rule for finding an approximate solution of this problem in real Hilbert spaces. Under some mild conditions, we prove a strong convergence theorem for the algorithm produced by the method. Also, we apply our result to study certain classes of bilevel optimization problems, and split inverse problems. Finally, we present some numerical experiments and application in signal recovery problem to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Decay of Solutions of Nonhomogenous Hyperbolic Equations
Authors: Bies Piotr Michał
Published: January 2025

We consider conditions for the decay in time of solutions of nonhomogenous hyperbolic equations. It is proven that solutions of the equations go to 0 in at infinity if and only if an equation's right‐hand side uniquely determines the initial conditions in a certain way. We also obtain that a hyperbolic equation has a unique solution that vanishes when .
Constrained Minimizers of the Fourth‐Order Schrödinger Equation With Saturable Nonlinearity
Authors: Han Zeye
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we consider the existence of normalized solutions for the following fourth‐order Schrödinger equation with saturated nonlinearity: , where , and is a bounded function. We prove that there exists , such that the fourth‐order Schrödinger equation admits a radial ground‐state normalized solution if . Furthermore, we obtain that the estimates of upper bound for the ground‐state energy and the upper and lower bounds for the Lagrange multiplier .
Thermoelectric Device Based on Microstrip Nanoantennas for Distributed Radar Networks
Authors: Mendez‐Lozoya Javier , González Francisco J. , Salinas Emanuel , Keller Steven , Yacaman Miguel José
Published: January 2025

A device comprised of gold patch antennas with Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 thermoelectric lines has been fabricated using optical lithography and characterized using a vector network analyzer (VNA) to analyze the thermoelectric voltage as a function of electromagnetic power. Simulation results show that this device has a resonance at 10 GHz. The calculated bandwidth for this dual microstrip patch is 7 GHz which is an improvement over non‐thermoelectric rectangular microstrip patches which are known to be narrow‐band antennas. Experimental results where the source antenna power was varied from 0 to 10 mW (−20 dB) show that the resulting thermoelectric voltage measured at the thermoelectric antenna ranged from 0 to 17.5 µV. Hence, the thermoelectric device based in microstrip nanoantennas has a responsivity of 1.75 µV/mW.
Advocacy on a Tightrope: Effects of Government Funding and Perceived Support for Advocacy on Nonprofit Cooperative and Confrontational Advocacy Tactics
Authors: Carré Björn , Oosterlynck Stijn , Verschuere Bram , Raeymaeckers Peter
Published: January 2025

In nonprofit literature, there is evidence that a more relative dependence on public funding tends to result in nonprofits relying more heavily on insider/cooperative rather than outsider/confrontational advocacy. This led some researchers to believe that there is a resource imbalance between nonprofits and governments while others were convinced of a balance. However, there is hardly any empirical evidence that tests these assumptions. In this paper, we aim to address this research gap by examining the moderating effect of public funding and public service delivery on the relationship between nonprofit perceptions of government support for advocacy and advocacy tactics. Based on a survey of Flemish nonprofits, we find that these nonprofit organizations more frequently use cooperative insider rather than confrontational outsider tactics. Moreover, public funding and public service delivery are important explanatory and moderating variables.
Disparities in Surgical Intervention in Pediatric Patients With Submucous Cleft Palate and Velopharyngeal Dysfunction
Authors: Eljamri Soukaina , Reddy Pooja D. , Shaffer Amber , Harley Randall J. , Jabbour Noel
Published: January 2025

Objective

To evaluate factors impacting access to and timing of surgery in patients with submucous cleft palate (SMCP) and velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD).

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Single academic medical center.

Methods

Patients with SMCP and VPD between 2004 and 2021 were identified. Variables included national and state area deprivation index (ADI) percentiles, child opportunity index (COI) categories, distance to care, and insurance status. χ2, Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon rank‐sum, Spearman rank correlation, t test, and linear regression (α = .05) were used to investigate the relationships between these variables and surgical status and timing.

Results

A total of 168 patients were included, 94 surgical and 74 nonsurgical. Patients were predominantly white (160/168; 95.2%), Male (103/168; 61.3%), and non‐Hispanic (153/168; 91.1%). There were no intergroup differences with respect to ADI, COI, insurance status, or distance from the hospital. Surgical patients were more likely to have overt SMCP (P = .03), earlier age at SMCP diagnosis (P = .02), and higher baseline Pittsburgh weighted speech score (PWSS) (P = <.001). In multivariable regression, younger age at surgery was found to be significantly associated with higher baseline PWSS (P = .001) and lower state ADI deciles (P = .03). Patients with private insurance had a lower baseline PWSS than those with public insurance (P = .04). Insurance status was not significantly associated with age at diagnosis (P = .79) or age at surgery (P = .08).

Conclusion

In this study, patients from less disadvantaged neighborhoods were found to have earlier surgical intervention, highlighting the importance of incorporating social determinants of health in the evaluation of VPD and SMCP patients to prevent treatment delays.
Effect of a Culturally Adapted Exercise Program on the Anthropometrics and Body Composition of Postmenopausal Women With Excess Weight Gain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bonsu Isaac Mensah , Brandt Corlia , Ajidahun Adedayo Tunde , Myezwa Hellen
Published: January 2025

Background

Physical activity (PA) is recommended as a component of weight management for the prevention of weight gain and weight regain after weight loss. Yet, no study has adapted culturally appropriate PA for postmenopausal women's health.

Aims

The study aimed to investigate the effect of a developed culturally appropriate exercise program for Ghanaian postmenopausal women with excess weight gain on the anthropometrics and body composition.

Material and methods

A single‐blind randomized controlled trial in which participants randomly received a culturally‐induced exercise program. A total of 226 Ghanaian postmenopausal women were randomized into exercise and control groups for 12 weeks. Anthropometrics (body mass index [BMI], waist‐to‐hip ratio [WHR], waist‐to‐height ratio [WHtR] waist circumference [WC], hip circumference [HC], and weight) and body composition (body fat, visceral fat, muscle mass) were determined pre‐and post‐intervention.

Results

Average of 58.70 ± 6.38 years (p > 0.05) with more than half (52.1%) above 58 years. Except for WHR, there were statistically significant differences in weight, BMI, WHtR, visceral fat, and total body fat in the exercise and control groups. Muscle mass increased significantly (+0.21 kg), whereas HC (−2.46 cm) and WC (−1.39 cm) decreased significantly compared with the control group. Within the exercise group, when stratified by BMI, there were higher reductions in BMI (1.01 kg/m2 vs. 0.46 kg/m2), WC (2.18 cm vs. 0.22 cm), body weight (2.12 kg vs. 1.17 kg) and body fat (1.84% vs. 1.6%) in women with obesity compared with women with overweight.

Conclusion

The promotion of Indigenous physical activity in postmenopausal women is beneficial. This has implications for health professionals who prescribe physical activity in postmenopausal women's treatment plans.

Trial Registration

PACTR202301779437544
Policy Imitation Based on Similarities: The Diffusion of Public–Private Partnerships
Authors: Xiong Min , Cheng Shaoming , Zhao Jerry Zhirong
Published: January 2025

Policy imitation likely occurs among similar jurisdictions. The extant literature primarily focuses on geographic proximity or ideological congruence, while overlooking multifaceted similarities in the diffusion of public policies. This study explores the adoption and spread of public–private partnerships (PPP) across China's cities, specifically examining the extent to which three distinctive similarity measures influence PPP policy imitation. In addition to geographic proximity and economic resemblance, equivalent positioning in China's administrative hierarchy captures a managerial aspect of similarity to understand policy imitation among resembling cities. Three corresponding spatial autoregressive panel models are used, respectively. The findings suggest that cities in China imitate their geographic, economic, and administrative peers while directing PPP investments. Relative closeness in the administrative hierarchy of cities exerts a greater influence on policy imitation than economic resemblance and spatial proximity.
Influence of Weather on Sickle Cell Disease Vaso‐Occlusive Episodes and Acute Chest Syndrome: A Nationwide Sample Analysis
Authors: Desai Neha J. , Gonzalez‐Herrera Ana Lucia , Malay Sindhoosha , Brown Tracie , Owusu‐Ansah Amma , Ahuja Sanjay
Published: January 2025

Background

The clinical manifestations of sickle cell disease (SCD) result in significant morbidity and healthcare costs. The effect of weather as a risk factor for the development of vaso‐occlusive episodes (VOEs) has been previously studied, although with variable results. The aim of our retrospective, nationwide study was to determine the association between weather patterns and pediatric VOE and acute chest syndrome (ACS).

Procedure

Demographic and clinical data were obtained between 2015 and 2022 from the Pediatric Health Information System and merged with weather data from the National Climatic Data Center.

Results

We observed a higher incidence of VOE and ACS admissions during the colder months. Results also revealed a negative association between VOE admissions and average temperature, whereas a positive association was found for ACS admissions.

Conclusion

Medical providers should continue to counsel patients with SCD to take appropriate precautions during cold weather.
Access Program for Unapproved and Off‐Label Drug Use in Pediatric BRAF V600E‐Mutated Brain Tumors in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Maya , Koga Yuhki , Kawasaki Terumi , Ueda Tamaki , Yamamoto Shunsuke , Goto Hironori , Kishimoto Junji , Ishida Eiko , Todaka Koji , Sonoda Koh‐hei , Oda Yoshinao , Koji Yoshimoto , Sakai Yasunari , Ohga Shouichi
Published: January 2025

Programs allowing access to investigational drugs and off‐label drug use for serious diseases have often been applied to pediatric cancers. A clinical study conducted under the Japanese “Patient‐Proposed Healthcare Services” evaluated the efficacy and safety of dabrafenib plus trametinib in children with BRAF V600 mutant glioma (jRCTs071210071). This study successfully provided unapproved and off‐label medications to four enrolled patients, two with low‐grade glioma and two with high‐grade glioma (median age: 10.5 years), until regulatory approval. The timeframe and data collection from such access programs need to be optimized for pediatric patients in accordance with the healthcare system of each nation.
Pulmonary Consequences of Surgical Treatment in Children's Primary Lung Tumors: A National Retrospective Study
Authors: Godard Flavie , Haffreingue Aurore , Hameury Frédéric , Sarnacki Sabine , Hervieux Erik , Bonnard Arnaud , Guérin Florent , Rouger Jérémie , Brouard Jacques , Vérité Cécile , Ollivier Margot , Schmitt Françoise , Scalabre Aurélien , Gambart Marion , Hunault Marie Auger , Sudour‐Bonnange Hélène , Buisson Philippe , André Nicolas , Thebaud Estelle , Habonimana Edouard , Mansuy Ludovic , Marie‐Cardine Aude , Lejeune Julien , Piolat Christian , Briandet Claire , Orbach Daniel , Fresneau Brice , Reguerre Yves , Mallebranche Coralie , Rod Julien , Delehaye Fanny
Published: January 2025

Background and aims

Primary lung tumors (PLTs) in children are rare, and surgery remains the key to ensure remission. Here we describe the PLTs clinical characteristics, their management, and the pulmonary outcome following surgery.

Methods

We carried out a French national cohort of pediatric PLTs from 2013 to 2023 from the FRACTURE rare pediatric tumors national database. We included children under 18 years at diagnosis who underwent surgery for a histologically proven PLT, with a minimum of 6 months of follow‐up (FU) post surgery.

Results

Sixty‐two patients were included. The median age at diagnosis was 3.6 years [3; 11], sex ratio 1.07. Pleuropulmonary blastoma was the most frequent tumor retrieved (n = 31). Sixty patients underwent surgery: 32 lobectomies, 15 wedges, five segmentectomies, and five pneumectomies. A thoracoscopic approach was carried out in 14% of the cases. At 6 months post surgery and at the last follow‐up (median time of 5.7 years [3.4; 7.6]), respectively, 11 and eight patients presented with pulmonary symptoms, and 10 and three patients presented with surgical complications. During the post‐surgery period, 22 children benefited from an evaluation of their respiratory function by pulmonary function tests, and four of them remained with abnormal results.

Conclusions

Surgery is key to ensure remission in PLTs and seems secure. However, respiratory symptoms are noted in 13% of children during the FU, and this rate is probably underestimated. Therefore, we suggest a systematic pulmonary FU to optimize postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation and, therefore, the child's pulmonary outcome.
A comparative approach for self‐healing of carbon nanotube epoxy/polycaprolactone composites: Joule, Infrared, and oven heating
Authors: Calderón‐Villajos Rocío , Vázquez‐López Antonio , Jiménez‐Suárez Alberto , Fernández Sánchez‐Romate Xoan Xosé , Prolongo Silvia G.
Published: January 2025

The self‐healing process in PCL (polycaprolactone)/epoxy blends is studied in order to optimize the healing process and understand its underlying mechanism. For this purpose, PCL/epoxy blends are prepared with and without multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) addition. Three different self‐healing heat‐inducement techniques are used (an oven, Joule effect, and infrared (IR) lamp) as a function of healing time (2, 5, 10, and 15 min) and PCL concentration (5, 10, and 15 wt%). The results obtained demonstrate that the addition of MWCNTs to the polymer matrix in PCL/epoxy blends accelerates the self‐healing process, attributed to an improved heat diffusion in MWCNTs/PCL/epoxy blends. The best self‐healing results were obtained with the highest self‐healing time and concentration of PCL, caused by the higher probability of the crack formation over a PCL reservoir. The most efficient techniques to induce the self‐healing process in PCL/epoxy blends with and without MWCNTs are the conventional oven and the Joule Effect, respectively, being faster the latter method, as it induces a homogeneous internal heating of the material. Moreover, Joule effect can be controlled remotely, while IR radiation is a noncontact technique, which can be applied in situ. The three heating methods are evaluated considering these factors alongside their energy efficiency, establishing a method to choose a specific heating source for similar systems.

Highlights

PCL/epoxy blends reinforced with MWCNTs have been manufactured.

Variable heating sources have been analyzed.

The influence of the heating source on the self‐healing is studied.

Joule constitutes the faster heating for MWCNTs/PCL/epoxy system.
Static deflection prediction of damaged glass fiber‐reinforced metal laminated composite and experimental validation
Authors: Thomas Libin Chakkata , Akkasali Naveen Kumar , Giri Jayant , Al‐Lohedan Hamad A. , Kumar Vikash , Panda Subrata Kumar , Mallik Saurav
Published: January 2025

This study examines the influence of damage on the stiffness characteristics of synthetic fiber (Glass)‐reinforced metal laminated composite panels through static deflection analysis. The fiber‐metal laminate (FML) structural panel deflections are obtained computationally via a mathematical model using third‐order kinematics in the framework of equivalent single‐layer theory. The deflection values are obtained numerically with the help of finite element steps. The solution consistencies are verified by a convergence test and extended to perform the validation. Additionally, the numerical results are compared with the in‐house experimental data of FML bending deflection values considering the experimental properties and influence of damage. The maximum deviation in the intact deflection response was −4.27%, while the deflection response for crack damage showed a deviation of −0.57%. Again, the model is engaged in obtaining the results by varying different geometry‐dependent design parameters, including the damage data. The spherical geometry with a pre‐damaged structure demonstrates better deformation resistance under external loading. The thickness ratio (L/h) and angle layup fiber scheme show a higher deflection response.

Highlights

A higher‐order FE model is delved to compute the deflections of damaged FML.

The model validity is verified with in‐house experimental values.

The inference of parameters on the deflection values are computed numerically.

The understandings of significant parameters are discussed in detail.
Characterization of lamotrigine disposition changes during and after pregnancy in women with epilepsy
Authors: Karanam Ashwin , Pennell Page B. , Meador Kimford J. , Long Yuhan , Birnbaum Angela K.
Published: January 2025

Background

Lamotrigine clearance can change drastically in pregnant women with epilepsy (PWWE) making it difficult to assess the need for dosing adjustments. Our objective was to characterize lamotrigine pharmacokinetics in PWWE during pregnancy and postpartum along with a control group of nonpregnant women with epilepsy (NPWWE).

Methods

The Maternal Outcomes and Neurodevelopmental Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs (MONEAD) study was a prospective, observational, 20 site, cohort study conducted in the United States (December 2012 and February 2016). Inclusion criteria included patients aged 14–45 years, gestational age <20 weeks at the time of recruitment, IQ >70 points, and receiving lamotrigine. PWWE participated throughout pregnancy and 18 months postpartum with NPWWE having matched visit intervals. Plasma drug and hormone concentrations were measured at each of the seven visits. A population mixed‐effects modeling approach was used to describe lamotrigine clearance change.

Results

221 (170 PWWE, 51 NPWWE) women were included. Baseline apparent clearance (clearance for NPWWE and when not pregnant for PWWE) was identical between the two groups (2.79 L/hour. with 36% between‐subject variability). Two subpopulations were identified in PWWE: ~91% of PWWE had a maximum increase to 275% of baseline clearance with 50% of the maximum increase reached at 12 weeks gestational age and ~9% had no significant change in clearance during gestation. Following delivery, a first‐order mono‐exponential decline (1.27 weeks−1) in clearance as a function of postpartum week described a return of clearance to baseline. The use of estrogen‐based medication and enzyme‐inducing antiseizure medications increased nonpregnant clearance by a further 0.33‐fold and 0.84‐fold, respectively.

Discussion

During pregnancy, 91% of PWWE experience a 275% change from nonpregnant baseline in lamotrigine clearance whereas the remaining PWWE experience little to no change. Nonpregnant baseline lamotrigine clearance was higher in both PWWE and NPWWE with the administration of oral estrogen‐containing medications. Our results are of clinical importance as they indicate a subpopulation without the need for substantial dose changes during pregnancy and a source of potential difference across nonpregnant individuals.
Childhood Tuberculosis—Advances in Treatment and Prevention
Authors: Owusu Sandra Kwarteng
Published: January 2025

Tuberculosis (TB) in childhood presents a substantial global burden with nearly two million episodes of disease in children and adolescents annually. The majority of children who die from TB never receive appropriate treatment. Advancements in childhood TB treatments have been slow and there are many challenges with TB treatment in children. However, recently, there have been renewed efforts toward better options for TB treatment in children. The shortened duration of treatment (4 months) in nonsevere TB and an all‐oral treatment for multidrug‐resistant TB are major landmarks in childhood TB treatment. Although BCG remains the only vaccine for TB prevention, there are candidate vaccines that target infants and adolescents.
Time to Castration Resistance is Associated With Overall Survival Even After the Achievement of Castration Resistance in Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kato Hiroto , Goto Yusuke , Kojima Satoko , Onoda Yusuke , Wakai Ken , Hou Kyokushin , Araki Kazuhiro , Sakamoto Shinichi , Ichikawa Tomohiko , Naya Yukio
Published: January 2025

Background

Recent clinical trials have shown that patients with metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer in real‐world settings have different overall survival (OS) rates after stratifying for tumor burden or visceral metastasis. However, some patients with a low tumor burden and without visceral metastasis still have a poor survival. Androgen receptor signaling is still a main therapeutic target of prostate cancer treatment even after the achievement of castration resistance. In this regard, we hypothesized that time to castration resistance can be a prognostic factor of metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer even after achieving castration resistance. The current study aimed to assess the novel prognostic factors, particularly time to castration resistance, of prostate cancer in patients at a real‐world single institution.

Methods

The data of 261 patients who were newly diagnosed with metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer from January 2007 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

The median OS was 60.7 months, and the median time to castration resistance was 13.1 months. Among 261 patients, 158 developed castration‐resistant prostate cancer. A shorter time to castration resistance, the presence of distant lymph node metastasis, ISUP grade group 5, and older age were associated with a shorter OS in patients who developed castration‐resistant prostate cancer. A shorter time to castration resistance was significantly associated with a shorter OS regardless of the tumor burden. Further, it was associated with a shorter OS even after the achievement of castration resistance.

Conclusions

The study results support the presence of persistent androgen receptor signaling even after achieving castration resistance in prostate cancer, and time to castration resistance can be a biomarker for the activation of androgen receptor signaling regardless of tumor burden.
The Challenge of Introducing Sustainability‐Oriented Innovation—An Ethnographic Study
Authors: Śliwińska Irena , Beńko Piotr , Breuer Henning , Ciesielska Małgorzata , Ivanov Kiril , Kasz Jacek , Matras‐Postołek Katarzyna
Published: January 2025

Sustainable development is a key concept within global policies and programs. European Union as one of the leaders in implementing the 17 Sustainable Development Goals committed to finding sustainable and inclusive development solutions by 2030. These commitments were included in the Green Deal requirements for every European country. As an EU member, Poland now has to operate in a competitive global market and has come to the point of implementing sustainable innovation as a necessary means of further economic growth. The aim of this paper is to investigate how entrepreneurs cope with barriers and challenges to introducing sustainability‐oriented innovation in the Polish market. For this purpose, authors conducted a literature review and ethnographic research in seven companies operating in Poland. To the best of our knowledge for the first time, ethnographic research was conducted in the field of applying sustainability‐oriented innovation in Polish companies. Our findings indicate that the greatest challenges are values‐based, mainly an integration of the company's values with external stakeholders. Substantial efforts are required to convince investors about the long‐term advantages of sustainable solutions. The most important part of this process is the education of stakeholders and a values‐oriented communication strategy of the company. Additionally, entrepreneurs consider public procurement law to be a “killer of innovation.” This article can fill the gap in the knowledge about the company's best practices, barriers, and values that influence their sustainability‐oriented innovation activities.
Molecular Insights into Antimicrobial Triazole Compounds: A Synergistic 2D‐QSAR, DFT, and POM Approach
Authors: Maymoun Ghizlan , Lafridi Hind , Lmachraa Imane , Zgou Hsaine , Oussama Abchir , Daoui Ossama , Mkhayar Khaoula , Elkhattabi Souad , Lakbaibi Zouhair , Chtita Samir
Published: January 2025

A comprehensive study was conducted using DFT quantum calculations, 2D‐QSAR, and POM analysis, to evaluate the potential of triazole derivatives against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). Twenty‐one compounds were analyzed, with Ciprofloxacin as a reference, and two key protein targets, LasR and LipY, were studied for their interactions. Quantum parameters of the molecules were calculated using the B3LYP/6–311G(d) basis set, focusing on electrostatic and nucleophilic potential. The QSAR models, developed using MLR, and MNLR techniques, demonstrated strong predictive power, with the RNLM model exhibiting high predictive accuracy (R2MTB = 0.81 and R2PA = 0.91) for both bacterial strains. The most significant descriptors for predicting antibacterial activity included EHOMO, ELUMO, PSA, NHA, and γ. Notably, three compounds (A, S, and T) showed the highest activity against MTB, while compounds M, R, and T exhibited promising efficacy against PA. Additionally, the antimicrobial effects of triazole derivatives were investigated, revealing significant activity for these molecules against both MTB and PA. Pharmacophore site identification using POM analysis further supported the potential of these compounds, offering valuable insights for drug discovery. This integrated approach underscores the importance of understanding the structure‐activity relationships of triazole molecules, demonstrating their potential for the development of novel antibacterial agents.
Thermodynamics and Computational Study of the Molecular Interactions of Imidazolium and Pyrrolidinium Based Ionic Liquids in Water
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Lelisho Teshome Abute , Bahadur Indra , Singh Thishana
Published: January 2025

This investigation, delved into the precise determination of the thermodynamic properties in binary mixtures containing ionic liquids (ILs): a critical aspect for both process design and potential engineering applications. The focus was three specific ILs: 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium thiocyanate or chloride [Bmim][SCN] or [Bmim][Cl], and 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium chloride [Bmpym][Cl], in water, at various temperatures. The primary objective was to examine the influence of temperature and ionic liquid concentration on molecular interactions within these mixtures. Experimental data for density and sound velocity were meticulously collected for the binary solutions, in the temperature range from 293.15 to 343.15 K. This data was used in calculations to derive key thermodynamic parameters, including apparent molar volume (Vφ), apparent molar adiabatic compressibility (kφ), limiting apparent molar expansion , and thermal expansion coefficients (αp). The application of the Redlich–Mayer equation was used to determine the limiting apparent molar volume () and limiting apparent molar adiabatic compressibility along with their associated parameters (Sv, Bv, Sk, and Bk). Furthermore, to understand the interactions in the IL complex, the interaction energy was calculated by using density functional theory. A QTAIM and NCI analysis was done to classify the type of interactions.