bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MATEMATIKA FANINI OʻQITISH JARAYONIDA OʻRTA OSIYOLIK QOMUSIY OLIMLARNING ILMIY MEROSIDAN FOYDALANISH TEXNOLOGIYASINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH OMILLARI
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, M Murodov F
Published: March 2023

Mazkur maqolada matematika fanini oʻqitish jarayonida Oʻrta Osiyolik qomusiy olimlarning ilmiy merosidan foydalanish texnologiyasini takomillashtirish omillari, shakl va metodlari ilmiy nazariy jihatdan yoritib berilgan. Shuningdek maqolada, matematika ilm-fani va taʼlimini yangi sifat bosqichiga olib chiqishga qaratilgan global yunalishlariga taʼsir etuvchi omillar atroflicha yoritib berilgan.
КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТНЫЙ ПОДХОД В ОБРАЗОВАНИИ: СИНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, И Ганчеренок И
Published: March 2023

В статье представлен исторический анализ становления понятий «компетенция» и «компетентность». В рамках выявленной терминологической неопределенности и дискуссионности указанные термины предложено интерпретировать как «нечеткие понятия» или лингвистические переменные в нечеткой логике. В условиях нечеткости понятий компетентностного подхода впервые предложено использование синергетического формализма для обеспечения компетентносного развития в режиме самоорганизации, представляющей синергетическую редукцию непрерывности образовательного процесса как необходимого условия для обеспечения адекватного ответа системы образования на современные вызовы Глобализации 4.0. Делается вывод о необходимости формирования инновационной инфраструктуры учреждений образования для формирования компетенций креативности, предпринимательства и интеллектуального лидерства как способа динамической хаотизации образовательной системы, обеспечивающей ее обновление и устойчивое развитие.
FIZIKA FANINI OʻQITISHDA TAʼLIM SIFATI VA SAMARADORLIGINI OSHIRISH BOʻYICHA BAʼZI MULOHAZALAR
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, Q Qodirov M , A Xushvaqtov X , R Voxidov E , O Qayumov A
Published: March 2023

Mazkur maqolada umumtaʼlim maktablari, akademik litsey va oliy taʼlim muassasalarida fizika fanini oʻqitishda taʼlim sifati va samaradorligini oshirishda salbiy taʼsir etuvchi omillar, oʻquv jarayonini tashkil etish hamda oʻquv resurslarini takomillashtirish boʻyicha fikr-mulohazalar bayon etilgan.
MILLIY REYTING TIZIMI OʼZBEKISTON OLIYGOHLАRINING XАLQАRO REYTINGDАGI KOʼRSАTKIChLАRI OShIShIGА XIZMАT QILMOQDА
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, М А л и м о в   А
Published: March 2023

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OʻZBEK TILSHUNOSLIGIDA BADIIY MATN LINGVOPOETIKASINI OʻRGANISH MASALALARI
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, S Y u s u p o v a   O , Z B e k m u r a d o v a   I
Published: March 2023

Tilimizning tasviriylik va ekspressivlik imkoniyatlari koʻpincha badiiy

matnlarda namoyon boʻlganligidan, bu matnlarda til vositalarining ishtirokini stilistik va

lingvopoetik aspektlarda tadqiq etish muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Shu bois, oʻzbek tilshunosligida

bu borada koʻplab ishlar yaratilgan. Maqolada aynan shu sohada yaratilgan tadqiqotlar haqida

fikr-mulohaza, ma’lumotlar berilgan.
“DEVONU LUGʻATI-T-TURK” ASARINING OʻRGANILISHI
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, M Boynazarov Z
Published: March 2023

Ushbu tadqiqotda Mahmud Koshgʻariyning “Devonu lugʻati-t-turk”

asari va uning ahamiyati, oʻrganilishi, professor Abdurauf Fitrat birinchi oʻzbek

koshgʻariyshunosi ekanligi, Samarqandda koshgʻariyshunoslik maktabining paydo boʻlishi va

rivojlanish tarixi, SamDU olimlarining “Devonu lugʻati-t-turk” asari boʻyicha olib borgan

ilmiy izlanishlari, Samarqandda “Devonu lugʻati-t-turk” asariga bagʻishlab oʻtkazilgan

xalqaro ilmiy anjumanlar samarasi va kelgusidagi tadqiqotlarning zarurati haqida qisqacha

fikrlar bayon qilingan
OʻZBEK BOLALARINING XORIJIY TIL OʻRGANISHIDA PSIXOLINGVISTIKANING OʻRNI
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, D a v l a t o v a H
Published: March 2023

Ushbu maqolada psixolingvistikaning fan sifatida shakllanishi,

rivojlanish bosqichlari, xorijiy til oʻrganishda psixolingvistikaning o’rni va roli haqida fikr

yuritiladi. Psixolingvistika haqida gʻarb va sharq olimlarining qarashlari bayon etilgan.

Psixolingvistika nutq hosil qilish, nutqni qabul qilish, ona tili va chet tilini oʻzlashtirish

jarayonlariga murojat qiladi. Til tafakkur singari ijodiy jarayon boʻlib, til paydo boʻlishining

eng birinchi sababi insonni ichki ehtiyoji, ya’ni olam va boshqa shaxslar bilan munosabatga

kirishishidir. Ilk maktab yoshidagi oʻquvchilarning idroki, xatti-harakatlar, oʻyinli harakatlar,

mehnat faoliyati bilan bevosita bogʻliqdir. Boshlangʻich sinf oʻquvchisi chet tili, xususan,

ingliz tilini oʻrganish jarayonida oʻqituvchi koʻrsatmalarini hamda darslik, multimediya

vositalaridan berilgan rang-barang tasvirli materiallar orqali til oʻrganishni amalga oshirib

boradi.
KO‘P TILLI ELEKTRON LUG‘ATLARNI YARATISHNING LINGVISTIK TAMOYILLARI
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, G‘ Najmiddinov M
Published: March 2023

Ushbu maqolada ko‘p tilli lug‘atlarda atamalar izohlanishining

leksikorafik usullari hamda bu jarayonda duch kelinadigan muammolarga atroflicha yechim

topishga shu bilan birga lug’at yaratishning lingvistik tamoyillari va metodikasiga

bag‘ishlangan. Bundan tashqari, bu sohada oldida turgan masalalar va ularning ahamiyatiga

haqida so‘z boradi.
TONI MORRISON IJODIDA MISTIK REALIZM ELEMENTLARI
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, M u x a m m e d o v a N
Published: March 2023

Mazkur maqola XX asr Amerika adabiyotining taniqli adibasi Toni

Morrison romani misolida mistik realizm elementlarini tahlil qiladi. Mistik realizm metodi

elementlari yozuvchining “Moviy ko‘zlar” asari misolida o‘rganilgan va tahlil etilgan.
OʻZBEK TILIDA ARXITEKTURA TERMINLARINING QOʻLLANILISHI
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, M  Qambarova M
Published: March 2023

Maqolada terminologiya tilshunoslikning asos sohasi ekanligi, terminlar

ma’lum ma’noda, shu sohaning taraqqiyot darajasini belgilashi xususida soʻz yuritiladi.

Shuningdek, oʻzbek tilidagi yozma manbalarda qayd etilgan, ogʻzaki nutqda qoʻllanayotgan

arxitektura terminologiyasining asosiy predmeti, ularning lugʻaviy-ma’noviy guruhlarini,

arxitektura terminlarining leksik boyilshini shakllantirish va taraqqiyot yoʻllarini aniqlash hamda

ularning adabiy tildagi oʻrnini belgilashga aloqador tahlillar ham beriladi.
“BOBURNOMA”DA SHAXSNING RUHIY-PSIXOLOGIK HOLATLARI TASVIRI
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, I Sulaymonov I
Published: March 2023

Maqolada Boburning jang va kurash maydonlari tasvirida shaxslarning

xarakteri, ichki olami, ruhiy-psixologik holatlari, ularning ruhiyatida sodir boʻladigan

oʻzgarishlarni tasvirlashda muallif mahorati kabi masalalar gʻoliblik va magʻlublik prizmasi

orqali tahlil qilingan
СЛОЖНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ С СЕМАНТИКОЙ ПРИСОЕДИНЕНИЯ В ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОМ АСПЕКТЕ
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, Ф Ким С
Published: March 2023

Статус сложных присоединительных предложений в современной

лингвистике не имеет однозначной трактовки. В статье рассматриваются различные

точки зрения на данные сложные предложения.
PEDAGOGIK INNOVATSION TEXNOLOGIYALAR VA ADABIY TA’LIMDA MUAMMOLI TA’L IMNING AHAMIYATI
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, T u r s u n o v a M
Published: March 2023

Maqolada adabiyot darslarida muammoli ta’lim usuli va uning o’rni va

ahamiyati xususida uslubiy tavsiyalar yoritilgan. Shuningdek muammoli ta’limning nazariy

amaliy bosqichlari manbalar asosida tahlil qilingan mashg’ulotlar jarayonida erishilgan ijobiy

xulosalar umumlashtirilgan muammoli vaziyatni hosil qilish usullari tavsiya qilingan.
IJTIMOIY PEDAGOGIKA FANIDA INNOVATSIYANING MAZMUN MOHIYATI
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, E Berdikulova N
Published: March 2023

Mazkur maqolada ijtimoiy pedagogika fanida innovatsiyaning mazmun,

mohiyati, xususiyatlari va innovatsion texnologiyalardan foydalanish yoʻllari yoritib berilgan.

Shuningdek innovatsion texnologiyalarning foydali jihatlari haqida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.
BUXORO AMIRLIGI HUKMRONLIGI DAVRIDA SAMARQAND (1756-1868-yillar)
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, G Xasanov M
Published: March 2023

Mazkur maqolada XVIII asrda xarobaga aylangan Samarqand shahrining

Mang‘itlar hukmronligi davrida qayta tiklanishi, yangi guzarlarning barpo etilishi, shahar ijtimoiyiqtisodiy

rivojlanishi yoritilgan
KORRUPSIYAGA OID JINOYATLAR VA PROFILAKTIKASIDA XORIJIY DAVLATLAR TAJRIBASI: IJTIMOIY-FALSAFIY TAHLIL
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, Y Isomiddinov Y
Published: March 2023

Ushbu maqolada jahonni larzaga solib kelayotgan illatlardan biri bo‘lmish

korrupsiyaning tarixi, keltirib chiqaruvchi omillar hamda uning oqibatida kelib chiquvchi muammolar

bo‘yicha xorij tajribasi qisqacha tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqot ishimizda korrupsiyaga oid jinoyatlar uchun

javobgarlik masalalari yuzasidan boshqa davlatlarning tajribasi asosida amaliy taklif va ilmiy

xulosalar berildi.
FRANSUZ TILINI CHET TILI SIFATIDA O‘QITISHDA “INTEGRATSIYA” VA “INTEGRATIV YONDASHUV” TUSHUNCHALARINING METODIK TAHLILI
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, B Atamirzayeva E
Published: March 2023

Mazkur maqolada integratsiya tushunchasi va uning mohiyatini aniqlash, chet til

ta`limida fransuz tilini o‘rgatish va o‘rganishda fanlararo integratsiyadan foydalanishning ahamiyati,

integratsiyalashgan yondashuvning tarkibiy qismlarini aniqlashga imkon beradigan qoidalar,

shuningdek, integrativ yondashuvga asoslangan pedagogik jarayonni qurishning pedagogik shartsharoitlarini

aniqlashga qaratilgan ilmiy xulosalar tahlil qilinadi
TECHNIQUES AND METHODS FOR MEMORIZING NEW WORDS IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, I b r a g i m o v a S h
Published: March 2023

The article describes that students naturally develop techniques for solving

problem situations arising as a result of activities aimed at acquiring new vocabulary. However, the

strategies they have chosen are not structured enough to be effective. Therefore, a combination of

didactic, linguistic, psychological and methodological principles is necessary.
7 РОЛЬ ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫХ СРЕДСТВ СВЯЗИ В ПОСТРОЕНИИ СЛОЖНОПОДЧИНЕННЫХ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЙ С ПРИДАТОЧНОЙ УСЛОВИЯ В РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, А Чергинская И
Published: March 2023

Данная статья посвящена рассмотрению дополнительных средств связи в сложноподчиненном предложении с придаточной условия. Отмечается, что учет дополнительных средств связи позволяет наиболее полно раскрыть не только семантическое, но и структурное своеобразие условных конструкций современного русского языка. Набор дополнительных средств связи может варьироваться, но он всегда присутствует при конструировании сложноподчиненного предложения, при обеспечении строения предикативных частей и их соотносительности друг с другом.
INGLIZCHA-O‘ZBEKCHA KO‘P MA’NOLI SO‘ZLAR O‘QUV LUG‘ATIDA O‘QUV METODIK QURILMA VA MASHQ-ILOVANI SHAKLLANTIRISHNING LINGVODIDAKTIK ASOSLARI
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, B Nashirova S h
Published: March 2023

Inglizcha-o‘zbekcha va o‘zbekcha-inglizcha lug‘atlarda ko‘p ma'noli so‘zlarni semantizatsiyalash bilan bog‘liq yana bir muammo – lug‘atlarda individual nutqiy ma'nolar va hosila ma'nolarning alohida ajratilishi bilan bog‘liq. Ya'ni bir-biriga juda yaqin bo‘lgan nutqiy ma'nolarning, okkozional ma'nolarning lug‘atda mustaqil hosila ma'no sifatida alohida berilishi bir ma'noni ikkinchisidan farqli tomonini ajratib bo‘lmaydigan holatga keltirib qo‘yadi. Mazkur maqolada inglizcha-o‘zbekcha ko‘p ma'noli so‘zlar o‘quv lug‘atida o‘quv-metodik qurilma va mashq-ilovani shakllantirishning lingvodidaktik asoslari yoritilgan.
XOR SINFI DARSLARIDA DIRIJYORLIK TEXNIKASINING AHAMIYATI
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, A Xayitov O
Published: March 2023

Ushbu ilmiy maqolada musiqa darsi asosiy faoliyat turlaridan biri bo‘lgan jamoa bo‘lib kuylash, ya‘ni xor san‘ati, xor bo‘lib kuylashning boshqa sanʼat turlaridan farqli jihati, xorni boshqarishda dirijyorning o‘rni, xor dirijyorligi fanining asosiy masalalaridan biri – talabaga dirijyorlik texnikasini o‘rgatish, dirijyorlik texnikasi dirijyorga harakat orqali ijrochilarga va tinglovchilarga musiqa asarining mohiyatini yetkazib berishda uning muhim vositalardan biri ekanligi haqida fikr yuritiladi.
Editorial: Wirtschaftswachstum, Pro und Contra
Authors: WUG Redaktion Die
Published: March 2023

Die Frage ob Wirtschaftswachsum gut oder schlecht ist wird nicht nur von Ökonom:innen sondern auch von Nicht-Ökonom:innen immer wieder diskutiert. Dieses Editorial erläutert was Ökonom:innen eigentlich messen, wenn sie von Wirtschaftswachstum reden. Dabei wird auf die konzeptionellen und praktischen Probleme dieser Messung eingegangen. Wir illustrieren, wo eine positive Bewertung des Wirtschaftswachstums gerechtfertigt ist und wo nicht. Die Frage, ob es aus ökologischen Gründen notwendig ist, dass die Wirtschaft schrumpft, wird hier nicht umfassend beantwortet. Allerdings wird ein wesentlicher Grundstein für diese Debatte gelegt und auf die Geschichte der Debatte vor allem in unserer Zeitschrift hingewiesen.
Discussion on the full entropy assumption of the SP 800-90 series
Authors: Roginsky Allen , Sonmez Turan Meltem , Buller Darryl , Kaufer Aaron
Published: March 2023

The NIST SP 800-90 series [1][2][3] supports the generation of high-quality random bits for cryptographic and non-cryptographic use. The security strength of a random number generator depends on the unpredictability of its outputs. This unpredictability can be measured in terms of entropy, which the NIST SP 800-90 series measures using min-entropy. A full-entropy bitstring has an amount of entropy equal to its length. Full-entropy bitstrings are important for cryptographic applications, as these bitstrings have ideal randomness properties and may be used for any cryptographic purpose. Due to the difficulty of generating and testing full-entropy bitstrings, the SP 800-90 series assumes that a bitstring has full entropy if the amount of entropy per bit is at least 1 - ε, where ε is at most 2^{-32}. This report provides a justification for the selection of this value of ε.
Public Awareness and Prevalence of Depression Symptoms among Patients Attending Primary Health Care Centers in Qatar
Authors: Saleh Mohamed Salem Nasrallah , Al-Hor Fawzia Saleh , Aseel Muna Taher , Al-Ali Dana Khalid , Al-Maraghi Sumaya Abdulla , Saeed Sabah Saeed , Bawazir Ahmed Othman , Seyam Naheel Ismail , Emadi Nada Mohamed
Published: March 2023

Background: Public awareness is a key element in the management of depression, public awareness campaigns have contributed to the improvement of public knowledge attitudes, and to reduction of stigma towards depression.

Aim: The aim is to identify public awareness towards depression and to estimate prevalence of depression among participants

Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study, this study was conducted in (West Bay Health Center, Al-Rayan Health Center and Al-Dayen Health Center) affiliated to Primary Health Care Corporation in Qatar, it included all selected patients attending three randomly chosen health centers, with total response rate representing 82 % with total sample size 316 participant conducted during from January to March 2021, self-administered validated questionnaire including basic demographic data, awareness about symptoms of depression, risk factors, attitudes, treatment and help seeking behaviors also completing the PHQ-9 screening for depression questionnaire.

Results: The general awareness about depression among participants lies within the range of 48% to 95.7%, participants attitudes towards depression revealing that good attitudes regard willing to work with depressed people (88.9%) and willing to make friends with them ( 82% ) while 39.4% agree to marry from them, participants preferences regard whom to seek advice regard depression revealing that in order psychologist (89.1%) then psychiatrist (87.8%) while family physicians (66.7%), PHQ-9 score among participants revealing average prevalence of depression reaching 19.7% at the cut point score of 10 with males reaching 17% and females 20.7%.

Conclusions: Generally, in Qatar the level of public awareness of depression among participants was acceptable and they had positive attitudes towards depressed people also there is some statistical significant awareness results related to females in comparison to males. However, further efforts must be done to build public health educational programs related to depression in order to further raise its awareness in the community.
Plan Selection, Enrollee Risk, and Health Spending on the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Individual Marketplaces, 2019
Authors: Treasure Graham , Anderson David M. , Hatcher Lauren , Makhoul Alexandra E. , Johnson Darren , Stefan Jenna , Griffith Kevin N.
Published: March 2023

Importance

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) individual marketplaces are a source of insurance for millions of residents in the US. However, the association between enrollee risk, health spending, and metal tier selection remains unclear.

Objectives

To describe individual marketplace enrollees’ metal tier selections by risk score and assess enrollees’ health spending by metal tier, risk score, and spending type.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective, cross-sectional study analyzed claims data from the Wakely Consulting Group ACA database, a deidentified claims database built on data voluntarily submitted by insurers. Enrollees with continuous, full-year enrollment in on-exchange or off-exchange ACA-qualified health plans during the 2019 contract year were included. Data analysis was conducted from March 2021 to January 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Enrollment totals, total spending, and out-of-pocket cost were calculated, stratified by metal tier and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Hierarchical Condition Category (HCC) risk score for 2019.

Results

Enrollment and claims data were obtained for 1 317 707 enrollees (53.5% female; mean [SD] age, 46.35 [13.43] years) across all census areas, age groups, and sexes. Of these, 34.6% were on plans with cost-sharing reductions (CSRs), 75.5% did not have an assigned HCC, and 84.0% submitted at least 1 claim. Compared with enrollees in bronze plans (17.2%), enrollees were more likely to be classified in the top HHS-HCC risk quartile if they selected platinum (42.0%), gold (34.4%), or silver (29.7%) plans. The highest share of enrollees with $0 total spending was noted with the catastrophic (26.4%) and bronze (22.7%) plans, while gold plans had the lowest share (8.1%). Median total spending was lower among bronze plan enrollees ($593; IQR, $28-$2100) vs platinum ($4111; IQR, $992-$15 821) or gold ($2675; IQR, $728-$9070). Within the top risk score decile, CSR enrollees had less average total spending than any other metal tier by more than 10%.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of the ACA individual marketplace, enrollees who selected plans with higher actuarial value also had greater mean HHS-HCC risk scores and health spending. The findings suggest these differences may be associated with variation in benefit generosity by metal tier, enrollee’s perceptions of future health needs, or other barriers to care access.
Incidence of Precipitated Withdrawal During a Multisite Emergency Department–Initiated Buprenorphine Clinical Trial in the Era of Fentanyl
Authors: D’Onofrio Gail , Hawk Kathryn F. , Perrone Jeanmarie , Walsh Sharon L. , Lofwall Michelle R. , Fiellin David A. , Herring Andrew
Published: March 2023

This cohort study examines the incidence of precipitated withdrawal comparing traditional sublingual buprenorphine with a 7-day extended-release injectable initiated in the emergency department (ED).
Epidemiologic Pattern and Injury Mechanism of Intimate Partner Violence–Related Ocular Trauma in the US
Authors: Alik Maya , Malik Mishaal , Ashrafi Reza , Wu Albert Y.
Published: March 2023

Importance

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important cause of death and disability worldwide. The literature estimates that 45% of IPV injuries involve the eyes. Many medical fields have increased IPV-related research; however, ophthalmology IPV research remains rare.

Objective

To evaluate the epidemiologic pattern and injury mechanism of IPV related to ocular trauma.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This study was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis with deidentified data using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes from the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB), which is a data set collected by the American College of Surgeons. The NTDB is the largest US hospitalized trauma case database with submissions from more than 900 US facilities. Included in this analysis were the IPV-related ocular injuries of patients hospitalized between 2017 and 2019. Study data were analyzed from April 20 to October 15, 2022.

Exposures

IPV-related ocular injuries.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Ocular injuries and adult IPV trauma survivors were identified with the ICD-10-CM codes. The following demographic data were collected: sex, age, race and ethnicity, health insurance plan, substance misuse screening results, trauma level of hospital, the emergency department disposition, the total Glasgow Coma Scale score, the abbreviated injury scale, and caregiver at discharge.

Results

A total of 2598 of the recorded ocular injuries were associated with IPV. Patients had a mean (SD) age of 45.2 (18.4) years, and 1618 were female (62.3%). Most patients in the population sample (1195 [46.0%]) were aged 18 to 39 years. The race and ethnicity distribution was as follows: 629 Black (24.2%), 296 Hispanic (11.4%), 1358 White (52.3%), 229 other (8.8%), and 86 missing (3.3%). Insurance statuses were Medicaid (847 [32.6%]), Medicare (524 [20.2%]), private insurance (524 [20.2%]), and self-pay (488 [18.8%]). Women had greater odds of testing positive during alcohol screening (odds ratio [OR], 1.42; 95% CI, 1.21-1.67; P < .001). Black patients were most likely to have Medicaid (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.35-1.99; P < .001), Hispanic patients were most likely to self-pay (OR, 1.96, 95% CI, 1.48-2.58; P < .001), and White patients were most likely to use Medicare (OR, 2.94, 95% CI, 2.33-3.73; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

Social determinants of health were identified as key risk factors for IPV-related ocular injuries. Study findings highlight identifiable risk factors associated with IPV and ocular trauma that can contribute to IPV awareness among ophthalmologists.
Making Use of Artificial Intelligence–Generated Synthetic Tympanic Membrane Images
Authors: Suresh Krish , Cohen Michael S. , Hartnick Christopher J. , Bartholomew Ryan A. , Lee Daniel J. , Crowson Matthew G.
Published: March 2023

This diagnostic study examines the application of generative artificial intelligence in clinical tool research and development.
Estimated Probability Distribution of Bleeding After Pediatric Tonsillectomy
Authors: Johnson Romaine F. , Beams Dylan R. , Zaniletti Isabella , Chorney Stephen R. , Kou Yann-Fuu , Lenes-Voit Felicity , Ulualp Seckin , Liu Christopher , Mitchell Ron B.
Published: March 2023

Importance

The American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation has recommended yearly surgeon self-monitoring of posttonsillectomy bleeding rates. However, the predicted distribution of rates to guide this monitoring remain unexplored.

Objective

To use a national cohort of children to estimate the probability of bleeding after pediatric tonsillectomy to guide surgeons in self-monitoring of this event.

Design, Settings, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used data from the Pediatric Health Information System for all pediatric (<18 years old) patients who underwent tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy in a children’s hospital in the US from January 1, 2016, through August 31, 2021, and were discharged home. Predicted probabilities of return visits for bleeding within 30 days were calculated to estimate quantiles for bleeding rates. A secondary analysis included logistic regression of bleeding risk by demographic characteristics and associated conditions. Data analyses were conducted from August 7, 2022 to January 28, 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Revisits to the emergency department or hospital (inpatient/observation) for bleeding (primary/secondary diagnosis) within 30 days after index discharge after tonsillectomy.

Results

Of the 96 415 children (mean [SD] age, 5.3 [3.9] years; 41 284 [42.8%] female; 46 954 [48.7%] non-Hispanic White individuals) who had undergone tonsillectomy, 2100 (2.18%) returned to the emergency department or hospital with postoperative bleeding. The predicted 5th, 50th, and 95th quantiles for bleeding were 1.17%, 1.97%, and 4.75%, respectively. Variables associated with bleeding after tonsillectomy were Hispanic ethnicity (OR, 1.19; 99% CI, 1.01-1.40), very high residential Opportunity Index (OR, 1.28; 99% CI, 1.05-1.56), gastrointestinal disease (OR, 1.33; 99% CI, 1.01-1.77), obstructive sleep apnea (OR, 0.85; 99% CI, 0.75-0.96), obesity (OR,1.24; 99% CI, 1.04-1.48), and being more than 12 years old (OR, 2.48; 99% CI, 2.12-2.91). The adjusted 99th percentile for bleeding after tonsillectomy was approximately 6.39%.

Conclusions and Relevance

This retrospective national cohort study predicted 50th and 95th percentiles for posttonsillectomy bleeding of 1.97% and 4.75%. This probability model may be a useful tool for future quality initiatives and surgeons who are self-monitoring bleeding rates after pediatric tonsillectomy.
Irrigation and Water Management in Africa
Authors: Davies Matthew I. J.
Published: March 2023

Water management is often overlooked or taken for granted in many studies and we are only just beginning to appreciate the complexity of prehistoric water management systems on the continent. However, sophisticated water management, both for domestic purposes and the growing of crops, was widespread across the African continent, with evidence dating back several millennia. Many major works of water engineering are confined to North Africa and the Nile Valley, but major systems of irrigation can also be found across eastern and southern Africa where they are often combined with terracing and other forms of intensive cultivation.
Christian Communities, Central Asia, 600–1500
Authors: Dickens Mark
Published: March 2023

Prior to the advent of Islam, Syriac Christianity spread into eastern Khurasan, Bactria, and Sogdiana; Herat, Merv, and Samarkand were all important cities that received metropolitan bishops. Even after the Muslim conquest of Central Asia and subsequent Islamization, Christianity continued to spread among the Sogdians and various Turkic groups, including the Qarluqs and later the Keraits or Onguts. As early as the eighth or ninth century, Christianity was established in the Uyghur Kingdom of Turfan, as testified by manuscript fragments found there. Various sources indicate that there were Christian communities around the Tarim Basin from the tenth to twelfth centuries, with Kashgar the site of a metropolitan bishop. Also in the twelfth century, we hear of Christianity among the Qipchaq Turks. Under the Mongols, Christianity flourished again, thanks to marriage alliances established with the Keraits and Onguts. Besides those who married Mongol rulers, other Christians held positions of influence in the court administration or military and a Turkic monk was even elected patriarch Yahballaha III of the Church of the East. Marco Polo and other sources give valuable information on Christian communities under the Mongols, as do hundreds of gravestones from the time. The end of medieval Christianity in Central Asia seems to coincide with the conversion of Mongol rulers to Islam in the early fourteenth century. By the fifteenth century it had likely all but disappeared, apart from relics of Christian worship, perhaps no longer
understood by those who maintained them.
DARU‐Net: A dual attention residual U‐Net for uterine fibroids segmentation on MRI
Authors: Zhang Jian , Liu Yang , Chen Liping , Ma Si , Zhong Yuqing , He Zhimin , Li Chengwei , Xiao Zhibo , Zheng Yineng , Lv Fajin
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Uterine fibroid is the most common benign tumor in female reproductive organs. In order to guide the treatment, it is crucial to detect the location, shape, and size of the tumor. This study proposed a deep learning approach based on attention mechanisms to segment uterine fibroids automatically on preoperative Magnetic Resonance (MR) images.

Methods

The proposed method is based on U‐Net architecture and integrates two attention mechanisms: channel attention of squeeze‐and‐excitation (SE) blocks with residual connections, spatial attention of pyramid pooling module (PPM). We did the ablation study to verify the performance of these two attention mechanisms module and compared DARU‐Net with other deep learning methods. All experiments were performed on a clinical dataset consisting of 150 cases collected from our hospital. Among them, 120 cases were used as the training set, and 30 cases are used as the test set. After preprocessing and data augmentation, we trained the network and tested it on the test dataset. We evaluated segmentation performance through the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), precision, recall, and Jaccard index (JI).

Results

The average DSC, precision, recall, and JI of DARU‐Net reached 0.8066 ± 0.0956, 0.8233 ± 0.1255, 0.7913 ± 0.1304, and 0.6743 ± 0.1317. Compared with U‐Net and other deep learning methods, DARU‐Net was more accurate and stable.

Conclusion

This work proposed an optimized U‐Net with channel and spatial attention mechanisms to segment uterine fibroids on preoperative MR images. Results showed that DARU‐Net was able to accurately segment uterine fibroids from MR images.
Technical note: Consistency of IAEA's TRS‐483 and AAPM's extended TG‐51 protocols for clinical reference dosimetry of the CyberKnife M6 machine
Authors: Duchaine Jasmine , Markel Daniel , Ley Jean‐Luc , Béliveau‐Nadeau Dominique , Zerouali Karim , Doucet Robert , Bouchard Hugo
Published: March 2023

Background

While IAEA's TRS‐483 code of practice is adapted for the calibration of CyberKnife machines, AAPM's TG‐51 is still the protocol recommended by the manufacturer for their calibration. The differences between both protocols could lead to differences in absorbed dose to water during the calibration process.

Purpose

The aims of this work are to evaluate the difference resulting from the application of TG‐51 (including the manufacturer's adaptations) and TRS‐483 in terms of absorbed dose to water for a CyberKnife M6, and to evaluate the consistency of TRS‐483.

Methods

Measurements are performed on a CyberKnife M6 unit under machine‐specific reference conditions using a calibrated Exradin A12 ionization chamber. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are performed to estimate and using a fully modeled detector and an optimized CyberKnife M6 beam model. The latter is also estimated experimentally. Differences between the adapted TG‐51 and TRS‐483 protocols are identified and their impact is quantified.

Results

When using an in‐house experimentally‐evaluated volume averaging correction factor, a difference of 0.11% in terms of absorbed dose to water per monitor unit is observed when applying both protocols. This disparity is solely associated to the difference in beam quality correction factor. If a generic volume averaging correction factor is used during the application of TRS‐483, the difference in calibration increases to 0.14%. In both cases, the disparity is not statistically significant according to TRS‐483's reported uncertainties on their beam quality correction factor (i.e., 1%). MC results lead to and . Results illustrate that the generic beam quality correction factor provided in the TRS‐483 might be overestimated by 0.36% compared to our specific model and that this overestimation could be due to the volume averaging component.

Conclusions

For clinical reference dosimetry of the CyberKnife M6, the application of TRS‐483 is found to be consistent with TG‐51.
Metallic Glass‐Fiber Fabrics: A New Type of Flexible, Super‐Lightweight, and 3D Current Collector for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Shang Jian , Yu Wancheng , Wang Lei , Xie Chuan , Xu Hailong , Wang Wenshuo , Huang Qiyao , Zheng Zijian
Published: March 2023

Current collectors are indispensable parts that provide electron transport and mechanical support of electrode materials in a battery. Nowadays, thin metal foils made of Cu and Al are used as current collectors of lithium batteries, but they do not contribute to the storage capacity. Therefore, decreasing the weight of current collectors can directly enhance the energy density of a battery. However, limited by the requirements of mechanical strength, it is difficult to reduce the weight of metal foils any further. Herein, a new type of current collectors made of 3D metallic glass‐fiber fabrics (MGFs), which shows advantages of super‐lightweight (2.9–3.2 mg cm⁻2), outstanding electrochemical stability for cathodes and anodes of lithium‐ion and lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs), fire resistance, high strength, and flexibility suitable for roll‐to‐roll electrode fabrication is reported. The gravimetric energy densities of lithium batteries exhibit improvements of 9–18% by only replacing the metal foils with the MGFs. In addition, MGFs are suitable for the fabrication of flexible batteries. A high‐energy‐density flexible lithium battery with an outstanding figure of merit of flexible battery (fbFOM) and flexing stability is demonstrated.
Stoichiometric and Chiral Stacking Tailoring of Dibenzocarbazole Analog–TCNB Charge‐Transfer Cocrystals via Supramolecular Assembly for Variable Optical Behaviors
Authors: Ma Shuang , Sun Hua , Chen Jinqiu , Yu Yue , Lu Haolin , Wang Shuai , Zhang Jing , Zhao Jianfeng , Long Guankui , Wang Xue‐Dong
Published: March 2023

In this paper, three new donor–acceptor complex forms (zBC) containing a helical‐shape dibenzocarbazole analog (DBCz) as the electron donor and 1,2,4,5‐tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) as the electron acceptor via a simple solution‐processing strategy are reported. The beginning components self‐assembled into supramolecular frameworks with glamorous alignment modes and different molar ratios: ≈1:1 P or M‐enantiomer for α‐cocrystal, alternated P/M‐column stacking in mesmeric 2:3 β‐cocrystal, and segregated stacking of γ‐cocrystal. As a result, α‐cocrystal exhibits bright solid‐state red fluorescent, β‐cocrystal shows significant optical waveguide behavior with a low optical loss coefficient of ≈0.018 dB µm−1, and no visual light emission is observed for γ‐cocrystal under ultraviolet radiation. Interestingly, the α‐zBC crystal is not only emissive but also chiroptically active with dissymmetry factor (glum) of 0.004. This study on chiral stacking tailoring paves a way for functional design of organic charge‐transfer complex toward application in high‐performance organic optoelectronics.
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Aggregation of Coordinated Supramolecular Polymers with Quadruple Modulated Inversion of Circular Dichroism
Authors: Liu Chongtao , Fu Kuo , Zheng Shuyuan , Yao Longfei , Zhou Weiqiang , Liu Guofeng
Published: March 2023

Supramolecular chirality is the inherent property and the corresponding performance of aggregated materials in the supramolecular polymer (SP) system. It is an interesting but challenging issue to regulate the handedness direction of supramolecular chirality and achieve the circular dichroism (CD) inversion of chiral SP‐based aggregates, especially for the ones assembled from metal‐organic supramolecular polymer (MOSP) with great potential in asymmetric catalysis, chiral recognition, and chiroptical devices. Herein, a set of nanoaggregates coassembled from para‐pyridine imine‐linked cholesterol conjugate (pPMPCC) and various metal salts, using the cooperative interactions of metal‐ion coordination, van der Waals interaction and solvent polarity, is rationally designed and prepared. Interestingly, quadruple modulated supramolecular chirality inversion (SMCI) of MOSP‐based nanoaggregates is modulated by various metal ions (such as Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, and Bi3+) and their content, as well as the external stimuli like solvent effects, temperature, and ultrasound. This work provides a facile pathway to tune the helical self‐aggregation of metal‐organic complex systems with quadruple‐modulated CD inversion, which would be of great potential in asymmetric catalysis, chiral recognition, and sensing with dynamic supramolecular chirality.
Cationic Copper Species Stabilized by Zinc during the Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 Revealed by In Situ X‐Ray Spectroscopy
Authors: Velasco‐Vélez Juan‐Jesús , Poon Jeffrey , Gao Dunfeng , Chuang Cheng‐Hao , Bergmann Arno , Jones Travis E. , Haw Shu‐Chih , Chen Jin‐Ming , Carbonio Emilia , Mom Rik V. , Ivanov Danail , Arrigo Rosa , Cuenya Beatriz Roldan , Knop‐Gericke Axel , Schlögl Robert
Published: March 2023

Advanced in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy characterization of electrochemically co‐electrodeposited bi‐element copper alloy electrodes shows that zinc yields the formation of a stable cationic Cu species during the electroreduction of CO2 at high cathodic polarization. In contrast, the formation/stabilization of cationic Cu species in copper oxides, or doping Cu with another element, like Ni, is not possible. It is found that the pure and mixed Cu:Zn electrodes behave similarly in term of electrocatalytic selectivity to multi‐carbon products. At higher Zn concentrations the electrode behaves like the pure Zn catalyst, which indicates that the Cu cationic species do not have a significant influence on the selectivity to multi‐carbon products. It is found that in the non‐monotonically distribution of products is dominated in term of surface energy in which copper prefers the surface. Otherwise, this work highlights the importance of in situ characterization to uncover the mechanisms mediating the catalytic reactions in contrast to ex situ or post mortem analysis, which can be a source of misinterpretation.
Second Near‐Infrared Light Triggered Mini Plasmonic Heterostructures for Photothermal‐Derived Multimodal Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Xu Zhourui , Aalinkeel Ravikumar , Mahajan Supriya D. , Rao Nanxi , Chen Ting , Jiang Yihang , Yang Chengbin , Xu Gaixia , Schwartz Stanley A. , Law Wing‐Cheung
Published: March 2023

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is an emerging treatment tool for cancer therapy. However, its therapeutic outcomes are largely affected by the photophysical properties of photothermal agents and the responses of cancer cells. To reveal the full potential of PTT, in this work, a photothermal‐derived multimodal synergistic therapy is proposed based on mini‐size AuNR@Cu2‐xS (mARC) plasmonic heterostructures. Due to the unique optical properties of mARC nanoparticles, a remarkably high heat conversion efficiency of 62% is achieved under a 1064 nm laser. Quercetin, as a heat shock protein inhibitor, is loaded into the cavity of mARC. Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) siRNA, which regulates the cell proliferation rate, is attached to mARC via electrostatic interactions. Upon exposure to second near‐infrared light, photothermal heat is generated by mARC to induce cytotoxicity to the cancer cell. Meanwhile, quercetin is released to undermine the thermos‐resistance of cancer cells, and IL‐8 siRNA on the mARC surface escapes from endosomes for IL‐8 gene silencing, resulting in highly enhanced PTT. A small animal model is used to study and evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of mARC in vivo. The proposed therapeutic strategy sheds new light on cancer therapy and provides valuable references for future clinical translation.
Surface‐Embedding of Mo Microparticles for Robust and Conductive Biodegradable Fiber Electrodes: Toward 1D Flexible Transient Electronics
Authors: Kim Jinho , Yang Congqi , Yun Taehyun , Woo Seohyun , Kim Hwajoong , Lee Mugeun , Jeong Minji , Ryu Hyeji , Kim Namjung , Park Seongjun , Lee Jaehong
Published: March 2023

Fiber‐based implantable electronics are one of promising candidates for in vivo biomedical applications thanks to their unique structural advantages. However, development of fiber‐based implantable electronic devices with biodegradable capability remains a challenge due to the lack of biodegradable fiber electrodes with high electrical and mechanical properties. Here, a biocompatible and biodegradable fiber electrode which simultaneously exhibits high electrical conductivity and mechanical robustness is presented. The fiber electrode is fabricated through a facile approach that incorporates a large amount of Mo microparticles into outermost volume of a biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) fiber scaffold in a concentrated manner. The biodegradable fiber electrode simultaneously exhibits a remarkable electrical performance (≈43.5 Ω cm−1), mechanical robustness, bending stability, and durability for more than 4000 bending cycles based on the Mo/PCL conductive layer and intact PCL core in the fiber electrode. The electrical behavior of the biodegradable fiber electrode under the bending deformation is analyzed by an analytical prediction and a numerical simulation. In addition, the biocompatible properties and degradation behavior of the fiber electrode are systematically investigated. The potential of biodegradable fiber electrode is demonstrated in various applications such as an interconnect, a suturable temperature sensor, and an in vivo electrical stimulator.
Colossal Dielectric Perovskites of Calcium Copper Titanate (CaCu3Ti4O12) with Low‐Iridium Dopants Enables Ultrahigh Mass Activity for the Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Thao Nguyen Thi Thu , Kim Kwangsoo , Ryu Jeong Ho , An Byeong‐Seon , Nayak Arpan Kumar , Jang Jin Uk , Na Kyeong‐Han , Choi Won‐Youl , Ali Ghulam , Chae Keun Hwa , Akbar Muhammad , Chung Kyung Yoon , Cho Hyun‐Seok , Park Jong Hyeok , Kim Byung‐Hyun , Han HyukSu
Published: March 2023

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under acidic conditions becomes of significant importance for the practical use of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzer. In particular, maximizing the mass activity of iridium (Ir) is one of the maiden issues. Herein, the authors discover that the Ir‐doped calcium copper titanate (CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂, CCTO) perovskite exhibits ultrahigh mass activity up to 1000 A gIr−1 for the acidic OER, which is 66 times higher than that of the benchmark catalyst, IrO2. By substituting Ti with Ir in CCTO, metal‐oxygen (M‐O) covalency can be significantly increased leading to the reduced energy barrier for charge transfer. Further, highly polarizable CCTO perovskite referred to as “colossal dielectric”, possesses low defect formation energy for oxygen vacancy inducing a high number of oxygen vacancies in Ir‐doped CCTO (Ir‐CCTO). Electron transfer occurs from the oxygen vacancies and Ti to the substituted Ir consequentially resulting in the electron‐rich Ir and ‐deficient Ti sites. Thus, favorable adsorptions of oxygen intermediates can take place at Ti sites while the Ir ensures efficient charge supplies during OER, taking a top position of the volcano plot. Simultaneously, the introduced Ir dopants form nanoclusters at the surface of Ir‐CCTO, which can boost catalytic activity for the acidic OER.
Reducing Iron Oxide with Ammonia: A Sustainable Path to Green Steel
Authors: Ma Yan , Bae Jae Wung , Kim Se‐Ho , Jovičević‐Klug Matic , Li Kejiang , Vogel Dirk , Ponge Dirk , Rohwerder Michael , Gault Baptiste , Raabe Dierk
Published: March 2023

Iron making is the biggest single cause of global warming. The reduction of iron ores with carbon generates about 7% of the global carbon dioxide emissions to produce ≈1.85 billion tons of steel per year. This dramatic scenario fuels efforts to re‐invent this sector by using renewable and carbon‐free reductants and electricity. Here, the authors show how to make sustainable steel by reducing solid iron oxides with hydrogen released from ammonia. Ammonia is an annually 180 million ton traded chemical energy carrier, with established transcontinental logistics and low liquefaction costs. It can be synthesized with green hydrogen and release hydrogen again through the reduction reaction. This advantage connects it with green iron making, for replacing fossil reductants. the authors show that ammonia‐based reduction of iron oxide proceeds through an autocatalytic reaction, is kinetically as effective as hydrogen‐based direct reduction, yields the same metallization, and can be industrially realized with existing technologies. The produced iron/iron nitride mixture can be subsequently melted in an electric arc furnace (or co‐charged into a converter) to adjust the chemical composition to the target steel grades. A novel approach is thus presented to deploying intermittent renewable energy, mediated by green ammonia, for a disruptive technology transition toward sustainable iron making.
Pressure‐controlled secondary flows and mixing in sheared Platonic solid‐shaped particles
Authors: Hao Jiahui , Guo Yu , Yu Zhaosheng , Curtis Jennifer S.
Published: March 2023

Granular materials exhibit unique secondary flow behaviors upon shearing. We demonstrate, using particle dynamics simulations, that the secondary flow patterns are controlled by a pressure exerted on particle bed. A threshold pressure, at which vortex flow transitions to disturbed or chaotic flow, depends on particle shape, that influences interparticle contacts and rheological performance. Our results show that the flow patterns are essentially determined by a dimensionless term combining pressure and granular temperature for all the spherical and Platonic solid‐shaped particles explored. Particle mixing is promoted by the vortex flow or disturbed flow with strong diffusion. The highest mixing rate under a specified pressure is obtained for cubic particles, due to the significant microstructural ordering near the boundaries causing a high gradient of packing density. These findings shed light on how applied pressure and particle shape affect secondary flows which is critical to the understanding and control of granular mixing.
Policy and practice issues in making an advance care directive with decision making support: A case study
Authors: Sheahan Margo , Bigby Christine , Douglas Jacinta
Published: March 2023

The Medical Treatment Planning and Decisions Act 2016 (Vic) is a step toward law reform to implement supported decision making and the rights of people with disabilities enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The Act includes provisions to enable a person, who might otherwise be assessed as being without decision making capacity, to make an advance care directive with support. This case study explores the implementation of the Act through the experiences of a person with intellectual disability, their medical practitioner and supporter in making an advance care directive. The findings identify shortcomings of the Act that effectively exclude people with severe intellectual disabilities from supported decision making. They illustrate the need for greater institutional support for supported decision making and educational strategies for medical practitioners if the potential of the Act is to be realised for people with intellectual disabilities. Finally, the findings indicate the relevance of the La Trobe Support for Decision Making Practice Framework as a guide to decision support in this context.