bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Hidrolisat Protein Kerang Pasir (Semele cordiformis) dengan Metode DPPH (Antioxidant Activity of Protein Hydrolisate from Semele cordiformis Using DPPH Methode)
Authors: Kalsum Ummi , Hafizah Indria , Aritrina Pranita , Sulastrianah Sulastrianah
Published: May 2020

Background: Sand shell (Semele cordiformis) is commonly found in South East Sulawesi marine area. This species traditionally used for treatment of several disease. Nevertheless, there is less publication about bioactivity of S. cordiformis as asource of drugs. Purpose: The aims of this research is to determine the activity of protein hydrolysate of S. cordiformis as an antioxidant. Methods: This research was conducted by pre-experimetal study with post test only control group design. Antioxidant activity was measure by DPPH method and spectrophotometry. The sample was hydrolyzed by using papain enzyme. The sample was made in to concentration 200 ppm, 400 ppm, 600 ppm, 800 ppm, and 1000 ppm and vitamin C was used as positive control. The IC50 was used to measure antioxidant activity. Results: Concentration of 200 ppm showed 36,68% of inhibition percentage, 400 ppm showed 47,69%, 600 ppm showed 60,19%, 800 ppm showed 65,63%, and 1000 ppm showed 72,69 %. The IC50 value of was obtained for 453,777 ppm. Conclusion: The protein hydrolysate of S. cordiformis have an antioxidant activity and the hydrolisat concentration is directly proportional with inhibition activity.Keyword: antioxidant, protein hydrolysate, Semele cordiformis ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Kerang pasir atau Semele ccordiformis merupakan jenis kerang yang banyak ditemukan di perairan Sulawesi Tenggara. Kerang ini merupakah salah satu jenis kerang yang telah dimanfaatkan secara turun-temurun oleh masyarakat lokal untuk pengobatan. Meskipun demikian, belum ditemukan publikasi ilmiah mengenai bioaktifitas S. ccordiformis dalam bidang kesehatan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktifitas antioksidan hidrolisat protein S. cordiformis. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain pra-eksperimental dengan pendekatan post-test only control group. Uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH dengan prinsip spektrofotometri. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah S. cordiformis yang diperoleh dari perairan Pulau Bokori, Kabupaten Konawe, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara yang kemudian dihidrolisis menggunakan enzim papain. Sampel dibuat menjadi beberapa konsentrasi yaitu 200 ppm, 400 ppm, 600 ppm, 800 ppm, and 1000 ppm dan vitamin C digunakan sebagai kontrol positif. Nilai IC50 digunakan untuk mengetahui aktifitas antioksidan. Hasil: Konsentrasi 200 ppm menghasilkan persen inhibisi sebesar 36,68%, 400 ppm sebesar 47,69%, 600 ppm sebesar 60,19%, 800 ppm sebesar 65,63%, dan 1000 ppm sebesar 72,69 %. Nilai IC50 yang diperoleh adalah 453,777 ppm. Simpulan: hidrolisat protein S. cordiformis memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan konsentrasi hidrolisat berbanding lurus terhadap aktifitas inhibisi.Kata Kunci: antioksidan, hidrolisat protein, Semele cordiformis
Penentuan Jenis Kelamin berdasarkan Indeks Kaninus (Sex Determination Based on Canine Index)
Authors: Iswara Raja Al Fath Widya
Published: May 2020

Background: Identification is an effort made to determine a person's identity. One of the important things in identification is sex determination. Teeth are the hardest part of the human body and are protected in the oral cavity so they have a major role in forensic identification. Canine is the longest teeth and oftentimes used in identification. Purpose: To  determine the sex based on the canine index. Methods: An observational analytic cross-sectional study design with 250 research subjects of Halu Oleo University Medical Faculty students from October to December 2018, ages 18-25 years, who met the inclusion criteria, male (n = 125) and female (n = 125). Canine index by calculating the ratio of mesiodistal width (a measure of the width of canines measured from the two widest ends) divided by the distance between canines in four regions namely upper right jaw, upper left jaw, lower right jaw and upper left jaw. Result: Spearman correlation test results of canine index to sex, namely the upper right jaw value of p = 0.124, the upper left jaw value of p = 0.117, the right and right lower jaw with the p value = 0,000. Conclusion: The lower jaw canine index can be used in sex determination, where male have greater lower jaw canine index than female.Keywords: identification, canine index, sex ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Identifikasi merupakan upaya yang dilakukan untuk menentukan identitas seseorang. Salah satu hal penting dalam identifikasi adalah penentuan jenis kelamin. Gigi merupakan bagian paling keras dari tubuh manusia dan terlindung di dalam rongga mulut sehingga mempunyai peran besar dalam identifikasi forensik. Kaninus/gigi taring merupakan gigi yang paling panjang diantara semua gigi dan sering digunakan dalam identifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penentuan jenis kelamin berdasarkan indeks kaninus. Metode: Penelitian analitik observasional rancangan cross sectional dengan 250 subyek penelitian mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Halu Oleo Periode Oktober-Desember 2018, usia 18-25 tahun, yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, laki-laki (n=125) dan perempuan (n=125). Indeks kaninus dengan menghitung rasio lebar mesiodistal (ukuran lebar dari gigi taring yang diukur daripada kedua ujung yang terlebar) dibagi jarak antar kaninus pada empat regio yaitu rahang atas kanan, rahang atas kiri, rahang bawah kanan dan rahang bawah kiri. Hasil: Hasil uji korelasi Spearman indeks kaninus terhadap jenis kelamin yaitu pada rahang kanan atas nilai p=0,124, rahang kiri atas nilai p=0,117, rahang kanan dan kiri bawah dengan nilai p=0,000. Simpulan:  Indeks kaninus rahang bawah dapat digunakan dalam penentuan jenis kelamin, laki-laki mempunyai indeks kaninus rahang bawah lebih besar dibanding perempuan.Kata kunci: identifikasi, indeks kaninus, jenis kelamin
Effect of commercial yogurt starter cultures on fermentation process, texture and sensoric parameters of white yogurt
Authors: Zajác Peter , Kúšová Lenka , Benešová Lucia , Čapla Jozef , Čurlej Jozef , Golian Jozef
Published: May 2020

In this work, we have compared and described the fermentation process of two commercial yogurt starter cultures during the white yogurt production. We used freeze-dried thermophilic starter culture YoFlex® YF - L812 and deep-frozen starter culture Delvo® Fresh YS – 241 for the production of white yogurts. We analysed titration acidity, active acidity, total viable counts, texture, and sensory parameters of white yogurts produced in laboratory conditions. This research was performed for dairy company Mliekareň Kopanice Selce, s.r.o., Slovakia. We did not found statistically significant differences (p >0.05) in titration acidity of both yogurts after 7 hours of fermentation. We did not found statistically significant differences (p >0.05) in the pH of both yogurts after 7 hours of fermentation. We found statistically significant differences (p <0.05) in all textural parameters (hardness, consistency, cohesion, and viscosity). The total viable count of microorganisms in yogurts after 24 hours of fermentation was 6.28 x 107 and 7.14 x 107 respectively.
Vegetable Production Challenges in Kpando Municipality: Perspective of Women Farmers
Authors: Denny Doku Grace , Mamle Mawusi Obubuafo Joyce , Aba Sam Hagan Margaret
Published: May 2020

The study sought to evaluate vegetable production by women within the Kpando Municipality. To arrive at the set objectives, data was collected from sampled women who were into vegetable production in the study area. Questionnaire were used to collect data from the respondent on their socio-economic characteristics, production activities and challenges they faced in production and marketing of vegetable in the study area. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data collected from the respondents. The results of the study revealed that women in the study area had passion towards agriculture and as high as 33.2% of the respondents participated in a variety of farm activities. These activities included and preparation, sowing of seeds and fertilizer application. Challenges faced by the respondents included delayed access to inputs, lack of financial assistance (credit) and storage facilities. The paper concluded that productivity of the respondents could be improved significantly by improving women farmers’ access to productive resources such as fertilizers and credit. It is therefore recommended that fertilizers should be supplied to the farmers on time and the Kpando Municipal Assembly should liaise with financial institutions to support these farmers financially.
The impact of child abuse and neglect training on knowledge and awareness in university students
Authors: ALTAN Husniye , SAHIN DAGLI Figen , BUDAKOGLU Isil Irem
Published: May 2020

Objective: Child abuse and neglect are considered public health issues by authorities such as the World Health Organization (WHO).This study evaluated the effectiveness of the trainings given to university students.Materials and Methods: In this study, we trained university students at Gazi University who are likely to deal with child abuse casesafter graduation. By developing two scales, Child Abuse and Neglect Awareness Scale (CANA-S) and Child Abuse and NeglectKnowledge Test (CANK-T), to assess students’ knowledge and awareness levels regarding child abuse and neglect, we evaluated thetraining’s impact.Results: We assessed the knowledge and awareness levels of 43 students before and after training by using our scales, The knowledgelevel has improved significantly in all groups regardless of age, sex, and department. Similarly, the awareness level has also risensignificantly, except regarding the physical abuse subscale.Conclusion: Overall awareness after education was significant among students from the health and social sciences departments. Totalawareness scores did not increase significantly among law students. Measuring and disseminating the effectiveness of these trainingsthrough proper prevention programs will be effective in reducing child abuse in the future.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Diffuse Cavernous Hemangioma of the Uterus Misdiagnosed as a Low Grade Sarcoma: A Case Report
Authors: Moradi Behnaz , Izadi-Mood Narges , Chavoshi Mohammadreza , Shirali Elham , Yarandi Fariba , Sarmadi Soheila , Kazemi Mohammad Ali
Published: May 2020

: Uterine cavernous hemangioma is a rare vascular tumor that is more commonly reported as an acquired disease in pregnant women. Rarity of the case impeded the radiologist to be able to find characteristic imaging findings to diagnose the disease before surgery. We report a 40-year-old premenopausal woman with cavernous hemangioma of the uterus that was misdiagnosed as a low-grade sarcoma because of the non- typical imaging feature of this pathology that has not been reported before. The ultrasound exam of the patient only demonstrated global enlargement of the myometrium. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed diffuse myometrial edema with multiple linear low signal strands, without endometrial involvement and with mild restriction in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) that resulted in a lobulated border of uterine contour. MRI could be a helpful imaging modality for proper diagnosis of uterine hemangioma before surgery.
Comparison of the Effect of Instrumental Music and Holy Quran Recitation on the Anxiety of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: Semi-Experimental Study
Authors: Mohammadpoor Masoomeh , Davoodvand Shirmohammad , Hasheminia Seyed Alimohammad , Khaledifar Arsalan , Sedehi Morteza , Kazemi Sheykhshabani Seyed Yahya
Published: May 2020

Background: Anxiety is one of the most common psychological problems after myocardial infarction and can lead to many problems in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Two possible ways to reduce anxiety are to listen to music and to recite the Holy Quran, the effects of which have never been compared to date. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of listening to instrumental music and listening to Quran recitation on the anxiety level of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted among 96 patients with ACS referred to Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord, Iran, from 3/10/2019 to 4/30/2019. The patients were entered into the study using the convenience sampling method and then randomly assigned to the three groups of Quran recitation, instrumental music, and control. In this study, the patients’ anxiety level was measured using Spielberger’s state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) before and after listening to Quran recitation and instrumental music. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 using descriptive and analytical tests, including paired samples t-test, Chi-square, and one-way ANOVA. Results: Anxiety level decreased from 43.1 ± 6.15 to 38.5 ± 3.82 in Quran recitation group (P < 0.001) and from 44.2 ± 1.21 to 39.1 ± 4.17 in the instrumental music group (P = 0.035), and from 46.3 ± 3.84 to 44.7 ± 6.21 in the control group (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the three groups before the program. However, the mean score of anxiety level showed a significant difference, indicating that listening to Quran recitation had a greater effect than listening to instrumental music in reducing the patients’ anxiety (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Both interventions can be useful in decreasing the anxiety level of patients with ACS; however, the Holy Quran recitation had a greater effect in this regard.
Defeated Ambivalence
Authors: Razinsky Hili ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2020

Ambivalence is often presented through cases of defeated ambivalence and multivalence, in which opposed attitudes suggest mutual isolation and defeat each other. Properly understood, however, ambivalence implies the existence of poles that are conflictually yet rationally interlinked and are open to non-defeated joint conduct. This paper considers cases that range from indecisiveness and easy adoption of conflicting attitudes (when hungry, stressed, or exhausted), to tragically conflicted deliberation and to cases of shifting between self-deceptively serious attitudes. Analyzing such cases as variants of defeated ambivalence, I argue that the phenomena of defeated ambivalence are marginal to ambivalence even though they are by the same token exemplary of it. The poles in such cases are connected as opposing attitudes in such a way that the attitudes and the opposition are both undermined. The article focuses on two forms of vague multivalence, one of which is taken from Heidegger’s analysis of curiosity.
Truth, Fiction and Narrative Understanding
Authors: Chamberlain Stephen ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2020

This paper defends the cognitive value of literary fiction by showing how Paul Ricoeur’s account of narrative understanding emphasizes the productive and creative elements of fictional discourse and defends its referential capacity insofar as fiction reshapes reality according to some universal aspect. Central to this analysis is Ricoeur’s retrieval of Aristotelian mimesis and mythos and their convergence in the notion of emplotment. This paper also supplements and specifies further Ricoeur’s account by retrieving an Aristotelian concept disregarded by Riceour, namely, synesis (understanding). Although Ricoeur connects narrative understanding to the intelligibility of praxis and in turn phronêsis, as opposed to theoretical knowledge (theōria or epistēmē), he overlooks Aristotle’s discussion of synesis. This paper then clarifies how the fictional truth of narrative understanding remains related to, and yet distinct from, both theoretical discourse (science) and praxis (politics).
Theft as Gift: Percy, Peirce, and Bible in The Second Coming
Authors: Wilson Franklin Arthur ,   Marquette University Press
Published: May 2020

This article explores Walker Percy’s use of Charles Sanders Peirce’s concept of “Thirdness” as an interpretive tool in connection with Percy’s use of the Bible in his novel, The Second Coming. In this context, Peirce’s “Thirdness” may be understood as that which mediates between a word (say, w-a-t-e-r, spelled out in Helen Keller’s hand) and a thing (the stuff called “water” simultaneously flowing over Helen Keller’s other hand) as, indeed, Walker Percy defines “Thirdness” in his essay, “The Delta Factor” (The Message in the Bottle, 3-45). As such, C.S. Peirce’s “Thirdness” serves Percy as a model for understanding the function of “triadic” (human) language in the operation of relations both human and divine.
A dança e seu espaço na escola: educação física ou artes?
Authors: Tondin Beatriz , Bona Bruna Carolini De
Published: May 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a compreensão dos acadêmicos das fases finais dos cursos de licenciatura em Educação Física e Artes, sobre o espaço da dança na escola. Baseamo-nos numa pesquisa de campo a partir de um questionário com 8 perguntas semiabertas. Conclui-se que apesar dos acadêmicos relatarem que há uma diferença da dança tratada na Educação Física e da dança tratada em Artes, os entrevistados reconhecem que ambas as disciplinas deveriam ministrar o conteúdo dança na escola. Entendemos que a dança não deve ser tratada com divisão nessas disciplinas, e sim compreendida em sua totalidade.
Rotina laboral e significados de qualidade de vida atribuídos por profissionais de Educação Física atuantes em academias de ginástica: um estudo qualitativo
Authors: Rebello Danielle Pacheco , Silva Alan Camargo , Lüdorf Sílvia Maria Agatti
Published: May 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar como os profissionais de Educação Física percebem sua qualidade de vida em relação ao trabalho realizado em academias de ginástica. Foi realizado um estudo de caso, com a aplicação de questionários a profissionais de Educação Física de uma academia de médio porte do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados indicam que os profissionais acreditam ter uma qualidade de vida satisfatória. Contudo, o trabalho na academia de ginástica repercute de forma negativa na qualidade de vida, pois gera cansaço excessivo, ao ter que participar das aulas e trabalhar em mais de um lugar, além de não ser adequadamente remunerado.
Adesão ao trabalho do Personal Trainer
Authors: Silva Juliana Neves Pereira da , Lima Larissa Castro , Coelho Filho Carlos Alberto de Andrade
Published: May 2020

Esta pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, objetiva captar elementos associados à adesão ao trabalho do personal trainer. Doze clientes de uma academia de ginástica foram entrevistados. Princípios da entrevista compreensiva nortearam os procedimentos de coleta, análise e interpretação de dados. Concluímos que é importante o personal olhar para o seu cliente e não enxergar apenas um organismo, bem como ter cuidado para não deixar transparecer sentimentos desagradáveis durante o trabalho. Há cobrança por um profissional que esteja sempre ao lado do cliente, que não faça uso do celular durante as sessões de ginástica que orienta, que seja flexível e pontual.
As representações sociais sobre o esporte para os profissionais do programa Segundo Tempo no Mais Educação: o ‘social’ em evidência
Authors: Sousa Diego Petyk de , Paula Erica Fernanda de , Oliveira Junior Constantino Ribeiro de , Antunes Alfredo Cesar
Published: May 2020

Considerando a existência de diferentes entendimentos sobre esporte, objetivamos identificar as representações sociais sobre esporte para os profissionais do Programa Segundo Tempo no Mais Educação de Ponta Grossa/PR. Para tanto, utilizamos dos recursos da teoria das representações sociais. Como fonte de dados, aplicamos 16 questionários aos profissionais atuantes no programa, no período de 2015. No processo de interpretação dos dados, recorremos ao software Iramuteq, adotando as estratégias analíticas da nuvem de palavras e análise de similitude. Desse modo, observamos que, o núcleo central está na expressão de valores sociais e nas dimensões sociais do esporte.
The contingent valuation for the preservation of three urban green parks
Authors: Reis Neto José Francisco dos , Lopes Michelle da Rosa , Souza Celso Correia de , Xavier Marlucy Ferreira Machado
Published: May 2020

Urban green parks, considered as natural resources, should be seen as strategic elements for conservation of natural resources, socialization, health and well-being, since it significantly influences the local economy. The research sought to quantify the Willingness to Pay (WTP) for environmental conservation and its influencing factors, indicated by the population using three urban parks in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil: Parque das Nações Indígenas (PNI); Parque Ayrton Senna (PAS); and Parque Matas do Segredo (PMS). It was a quantitative approach, interviewing 824 users from the three parks object of the research, highlighting those who know and frequent the parks. A structured questionnaire was used, divided into groups of variables to identify the perceptions of socioeconomic, maintenance and preservation of parks, satisfaction with the equipment offered, and with the environmental preservation and maintenance of the Parks. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used to compare the independence between the proportions obtained for each Park, at the level of significance at p <0.05, bilateral. A binary logistic regression analysis of discrete variables was also performed to identify the factors that may influence the user of the Park to WTP of environmental conservation. As a result, it was identified that there is satisfaction in the Parks, in relation to the questions: place for social interaction, appearance, attractiveness, calm, cozy, beautiful and clean environment. In relation to WTP, it was identified that the people who attend the Parks are willing to pay for the protection and environmental conservation of these. This article has its academic importance in contributing to the knowledge of the importance of Urban Green Parks, as well as providing indications for the evolution of others socio-environmental research projects. Under the business scope, it provides data and conclusions for the direction of public policies enlist the population and entrepreneurs to strengthen the preservation and maintenance.
Variáveis físico-geográficas e as implicações sobre vulnerabilidade ambiental na Sub-Bacia do Rio Guamá, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Barbosa Ivan Carlos da Costa , Sousa Adriano Marlisom Leão de , Silva Emerson Renato Maciel da , Silva Helder José Farias da , Vitorino Maria Isabel , Costa Luiz Gonzaga da Silva
Published: May 2020

A rede hidrográfica do rio Guamá é um sistema hidrológico bastante complexo em razão da inter-relação entre ambientes rurais e urbanos que sofrem influência antrópica em diferentes graus, principalmente em razão de atividades econômicas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi diagnosticar o uso e ocupação do solo, morfometria e a precipitação pluvial na área da sub-bacia do rio Guamá (nordeste paraense). Em seguida, com bases nas informações de variáveis físico-geográficas selecionadas estabelecer um diagnóstico sobre a vulnerabilidade ambiental. Foram usados processos de sensoriamento remoto e dados secundários para o estudo morfométrico (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission – SRTM), uso e ocupação da terra (imagens do satélite Sino-Brasileiro de Recursos Terrestres CBERS-4 – China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite) e precipitação para os anos de 2015 a 2017 (CHIRPS – Climate Hazards group Infrared Precipitations with Stations). Para o estudo da distribuição cartográfica da vulnerabilidade ambiental foi aplicado o cruzamento de mapas base de geologia, tipo de solo, relevo, tipo de cobertura vegetal, clima e uso e ocupação da terra através da operação de álgebra de mapas e considerando-se o princípio de análise ecodinâmica. A área de estudo apresentou características físicas desfavoráveis ao abastecimento hídrico por localiza-se em altitude baixa e não ser bem drenada. Contudo, as características do relevo sugerem o favorecimento de baixo escoamento da água e baixa susceptibilidade à erosão e alagamentos. Em relação a quantidade de chuva foram registados elevados valores de precipitação (média anual mínima de 2.295 mm e máxima de 2.729 mm) que não se distribuem igualmente ao longo do ano e demonstram concordância com o comportamento esperado para a região (período chuvoso entre os meses dezembro e maio e período menos chuvoso entre os meses de junho a novembro). Notou-se maior porcentagem (aproximadamente 57%) de área classificada como solo exposto e vegetação rasteira do que área classificada como vegetação densa ou secundária (aproximadamente 42%). A redução e a ausência de cobertura vegetal primária em alguns trechos da área de estudo foram evidenciadas e demonstra-se a importância do monitoramento deste tipo de cobertura para a região. Na sub-bacia do rio Guamá as áreas de baixa, média e alta vulnerabilidade apresentaram as maiores porcentagens de ocorrência (aproximadamente 28%, 29% e 26%, respectivamente); e, representam áreas com constante ação de processos pedogênicos e morfogênicos. Desta forma, ressalta-se a importância do controle da expansão das atividades antrópicas, retirada da vegetação primária e respeito aos preceitos legais da legislação ambiental brasileira.
Influência do tipo de telhado na qualidade da água de chuva coletada em comunidades ribeirinhas
Authors: Costa Karen Albuquerque Dias da , Carvalho Fábio Israel Martins , Ferreira Fernanda Di Paula Belo , Nascimento Thays Valente do , Mello Ricardo Felipe Alexandre de , Serra Ilka Suely Dias , Silva Jaqueline Maria Soares da , Lopes Maria do Socorro Bezerra , Souza Cezarina Maria Nobre , Dantas Kelly das Graças Fernandes , Dantas Filho Heronides Adonias
Published: May 2020

A região insular de Belém/PA não é assistida pelo sistema público de abastecimento de água, obrigando seus moradores consumirem água inapropriada dos rios ou se deslocarem para a área continental para obterem água potável. Frente esta realidade e considerando os regimes privilegiados de chuvas da região, a Caritas Metropolitana de Belém implantou microssistemas de captação de água pluvial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da superfície de captação pluvial (telhado de palha, barro e fibrocimento) na qualidade de água de chuva destinada ao consumo humano em comunidades ribeirinhas de Belém/PA. Em 33 amostras de águas de chuva coletadas em telhados de barro, palha e fibrocimento foram avaliadas as variáveis: cor aparente, turbidez, sólidos totais dissolvidos, condutividade elétrica, dureza total, alcalinidade, pH e E.coli., os resultados foram avaliados empregando estatística descritiva e comparados com as diretrizes brasileiras de potabilidade. Todas as amostras apresentaram valores de STD e DT de acordo com a legislação nacional, entretanto entre as superfícies de captação avaliadas, o telhado de fibrocimento apresentou os melhores níveis de COR, TRB, STD e CE e melhor nível microbiológico em função de sua emissividade. Todas as amostras apresentaram níveis microbiológicos em desacordo com os parâmetros de potabilidade, sendo necessária a implantação de um sistema de desinfecção para torná-la apta ao consumo humana.
Genetic Programming 1996
Authors: Conference Genetic Prog
Published: May 2020

Genetic programming is a domain-independent method for automatic programming that evolves computer programs that solve, or approximately solve, problems. Starting with a primordial ooze of thousands of randomly created computer programs composed of functions and terminals appropriate to a problem, a population of programs is progressively evolved over many generations using the Darwinian principle of survival of the fittest, a sexual recombination operation, and occasional mutation.

These proceedings of the first Genetic Programming Conference present the most recent research in the field of genetic programming as well as recent research results in the fields of genetic algorithms, evolutionary programming, and learning classifier systems.

Topics include: Applications of genetic programming. Theoretical foundations of genetic programming. Implementation issues. Technique extensions. Automated synthesis of analog electrical circuits. Automatic programming of cellular automata. Induction. System identification. Control. Evolution of machine language programs. Automatic programming of multi-agent strategies. Automated evolution of program architecture. Evolution of mental models. Implementations of memory and state. Cellular encoding. Evolvable hardware. Parallelization techniques. Relations to biology and cognitive systems. Genetic algorithms. Evolutionary programming. Evolution strategies. Learning classifier systems.

Bradford Books imprint
Language Form and Language Function
Authors: Newmeyer Frederick J.
Published: May 2020

The two basic approaches to linguistics are the formalist and the functionalist approaches. In this engaging monograph, Frederick J. Newmeyer, a formalist, argues that both approaches are valid. However, because formal and functional linguists have avoided direct confrontation, they remain unaware of the compatability of their results. One of the author's goals is to make each side accessible to the other. While remaining an ardent formalist, Newmeyer stresses the limitations of a narrow formalist outlook that refuses to consider that anything of interest might have been discovered in the course of functionalist-oriented research. He argues that the basic principles of generative grammar, in interaction with principles in other linguistic domains, provide compelling accounts of phenomena that functionalists have used to try to refute the generative approach.

Bradford Books imprint
Neurophilosophy
Authors: Churchland Patricia S.
Published: May 2020

Five chapters in the book's first part, "Some Elementary Neuroscience," sketch the history of the science of nervous systems and provide a general introduction to neurophysiology, neuroanatomy, and neuropsychology. In the second part, "Recent Developments in the Philosophy of Science," chapters place the mind-body problem within the wider context of the philosophy of science. Drawing on recent research in this area, a general account of intertheoretic reduction is explained, arguments for a reductionist strategy are developed, and traditional objections from dualists and other anti reductionists are answered in novel ways. The third part, "A Neurophilosophical Perspective," concludes the book with a presentation and discussion of some of the most promising theoretical developments currently under exploration in functional neurobiology and in the connectionist models within artificial intelligence research.

Bradford Books imprint
Insight into the Intricacies of English to Bangla Translation
Authors: Akan Md. Faruquzzaman , Shafiqul Islam A.B.M. , Ahmad Javed
Published: May 2020

The current research paper details a number of essential issues and aspects of English to Bangla translation by investigating the challenges and tries to find out some potential means to solve the problems often encountered. Translation is a most intricate and delicate job that usually associates various phases of language. So, a translator must be aware of both the surface and underlying relations of language because any translation should have the same virtues as the original and inspire the same responses in its readers in the new language. In translation, we translate or transfer ‘meaning’– the product of various language components – from the source language, English into the target language, Bangla. Translation from English to Bangla creates scores of difficulties although they are of the same origin. Translation is a multi-step process where all the problems could fall under five major areas of language: syntactic, semantic, stylistic, phonological and usage. This research focuses on the pragmatic discourses and analyses of translating English into Bangla.
The Acceptability of Euphemisms Translation Done by Yemeni Undergraduates
Authors: Al-Mizgagi Essam , Al-Rawhani Naseem
Published: May 2020

This study aimed at exploring the challenges that Yemeni undergraduates face through a tailor-made scale of acceptability of euphemisms. Besides, reasons behind these challenges, and suggested solutions were given rise in this study as well. The descriptive approach was followed to achieve the objectives of this study. Translation undergraduates were, randomly, chosen from SU and UST to be the sample of the study during the first semester of the academic year 2018/2019. To collect the required data, the researchers designed a translation test and administered a questionnaire. The study results revealed that translation undergraduates encountered real challenges when translating euphemistic expressions. These challenges were mostly related to the cultural and pragmatic domains. The respondents believed that there were resolvable reasons behind euphemism translation difficulties such as the lack enough syllabus materials and training. The study recommended that undergraduates, instructors and academic institutions have to pay more attention to euphemisms while teaching translation courses especially English euphemisms.
Ethical Intercultural Communication between the Western World and China
Authors: Ha Sha
Published: May 2020

Culture is the cumulative deposit of knowledge, traditions, beliefs acquired by a human community in the course of generations: ethics is one of the most important of such beliefs. As for the intercultural communication, the discipline which studies a cultural dialogue about various issues across different communities, since the eighties of the last century it has been the object of various theories, based on experimental data collections: among them the ‘Values Orientation Theory’ by F.R. Kluckhohn and F. Strodtbeck, the ‘Cultural Dimensions Theory’ by G. Hofstede and the ‘Theory of Basic Values’ by S.H. Schwartz. One of the goals of this paper is to give a closer look at those theories. In the same period of time an ‘ethical turn’ manifested itself in western literary studies, after a long period of post-modernist disengagement, by initiative of J. Gardner, M. C. Nussbaum and J. Habermas, among others: the same happened in China in the eve of the new millennium, owing to the studies on comparative literature by Nie Zhenzhao. Literary works constitute an important vehicle of ethical intercultural communication. A second goal of the present paper is that of suggesting a ‘constructivist approach’ in the cultural dialogue between the western world and China, combining the results of those theoretical models with a comparative analysis of literary works chosen ad hoc, as recently done by Xu Zhilin in her comparative study of female images in ‘A leaf in the storm’, by Lin Yutang, and ‘Gone with the wind’, by Margareth Mitchell, from the perspective of Hofstede’s Cultural Dimension Theory.
"Life, a Drop of Water:" The Dilemma of Perception and Reality in Jibanananda's Poems
Authors: Das Biswarup
Published: May 2020

The present study conveys Jibanananda Das’s notion about perceptual reality. Through a close reading of some of his poems, the paper demonstrates how unlike an ordinary person the poet found the truth about the world elusive. He felt that the objective truth of a thing remains inaccessible to a person forever. In this respect, his idea of truth corresponds with the image of the phenomenal world expounded by the illustrious German thinker, Immanuel Kant in his works. The paper attempts to analyse the Bengali poet’s conception about perceptual reality as presented in his poems in the light of Kant’s theory of phenomena. With this, the article also aims at showing how the poet, becoming conscious about the limitations of human knowledge, attempts to fashion a second phenomenal world with the aid of imagination and seek fulfilment there.
Foreign-born TESOL Instructors Assisting Adult Immigrant Learners to Develop Civic Literacy Skills: A Pen Pal Project
Authors: Larrotta Clarena , Chung HeeJae
Published: May 2020

This article discusses the contributions of foreign-born TESOL instructors helping adult language learners develop literacy skills through a pen pal project, which lasted 10 weeks and consisted of writing letters back and forth weekly. The project provided adult immigrant learners with an opportunity to practice meaningful writing to support their English literacy development.  The research questions include how do foreign-born TESOL instructors support adult immigrant learners develop literacy through a pen pal project? and what components of the pen pal project promote the development of civic literacy skills? Data for this article come from 159 letters product of the writing exchange between instructors and learners, and individual conversational interviews with the instructors. Study findings are presented through four themes: teachers as cultural informants, emotional connection, life and learning advice, and adult ESL learners’ linguistic competence. Study findings add to the body of literature focusing on the powerful contributions of foreign-born TESOL instructors to the education and language-culture acquisition of adult immigrant English learners.
Cross-cultural Measurement Invariance of the Items in the Science Literacy Test in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA-2015)
Authors: Alatlı Betül
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to investigate cross-cultural measurement invariance of the PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment, 2015) science literacy test and items and to carry out a bias study on the items which violate measurement invariance. The study used a descriptive review model. The sample of the study consisted of 2224 students taking the S12 test booklet from Australia, France, Singapore, and Turkey. Measurement invariance analyses for the test were done using Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MGCFA). Differential Item Functioning (DIF), in other words, measurement invariance of the test items, was analyzed using the item response theory log-likelihood ratio (IRTLR), Hierarchical Generalized Linear Model (HGLM), and the Simultaneous Item Bias Test (SIBTEST) methods.According to the findings, the test was determined to exhibit structural invariance across cultures. The highest number of items showing DIF was observed in the comparisons of Australia-Singapore and Australia-France with 35%. The number of items showing DIF, with 24%, determined in bilateral comparisons which included Turkey, the only country taking the translated form among other countries, did not show a significant difference compared to the other comparisons. While the lowest number of items showing DIF was obtained from Singapore-France samples with 12%, the rate of items indicating DIF in the France-Turkey samples was 18%. On the other hand, 35% of the items showed cross cultural measurement invariance. An item bias study was carried out based on expert opinions on items identified and released as showing DIF in the comparisons of Turkey with Australia and Singapore.According to the findings, translation-bound differentiation of the items, familiarity of a culture group with the contents of the items, polysemy in the expressions or words used in the items, the format, or the stylistic characteristics of the items were determined to be the cause of the bias in the skills measured with the items.
Implications of Summative and Formative Assessment in Japan – A Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Bacquet Jennifer Ngan
Published: May 2020

My personal experience as a teacher in Japan has raised questions about the usefulness of both summative and formative assessment, the possible benefits of non-traditional approaches to classroom instruction, and the influence of assessment measures in the success of Japanese students. For instance, the use of collaborative, inquiry, task or project-based learning in Japanese high schools is nearly non-existent because of the structure of government-led educational standards, which mostly focus on preparing students for university entrance examinations. By critically looking at the latest existing literature on the uses and impact of assessment in Japanese education, this paper aims to further contribute to the discussion on the topic by elucidating possible implications for teachers and researchers who are interested in the context of Japan or similar educational settings. This paper also attempts to look at Japan’s current educational practices and how cultural tradition is woven into the integration of teaching philosophy.
Obstacles to Using E-Books in Higher Education
Authors: Alsadoon Hamadah
Published: May 2020

Electronic books provide learners, lecturers and universities with an extra tool of instructions that can encourage or improve the learning process. The purpose of the current paper is to investigate obstacles students face in using e-books at the Saudi Electronic University. A mixed-method research design was used. Thirty students participated in two focus group sessions and 215 students participated in a self-developed survey designed to confirm the existence of obstacles revealed from qualitiave data. Results suggest that cost, eye-strain, and distractions were regarded as obstacles. Practices such as highlighting and taking notes were found to be limited. With the trend toward implementation of e-books in learning, e-book developers should consider factors that help students enjoy using the devices in education. Integrating multimedia, hyperlinks and other features of using technology in reading should be considered. Recommendations have been included in this study.
“Facebook Me”: The Potential of Student Teachers’ Online Communities of Practice in Learning to Teach
Authors: Zimmerman Belinda S. , Kruse Sharon D. , Niesz Tricia , Kist William , Kidder-Brown Melanie K. , Nikbakht Elham
Published: May 2020

This study examined the ways in which early childhood pre-service student teachers (PSTs) used an online community for discussions related to teaching. Using the lenses of communities of practice, our goal was to understand what happens when the PSTs begin to share new learnings about teaching through ongoing practice in online communities. We investigated characteristics of the conversations of PSTs and their professors when using Facebook. This study was based on the postings of seven early childhood PSTs and five university faculty members. PSTs were interviewed at the conclusion of the semester to share their experiences from posting on Facebook. Two categories from the data include PSTs’ views of the viability of Facebook and the kinds of talk that surfaced within the Facebook group conversations. Findings suggested that Facebook has the potential to sustain informal dialogues. However, PSTs require strong faculty support to solve issues related to complexities of practice.
Physical evidence for a domain structure in Escherichia coli 5 S RNA
Authors: Kime M.J. , Moore P.B.
Published: July 2002

The downfield (9.5–15 ppm) proton spectra of a RNase A‐resistant fragment of 5 S RNA and of its parent molecule are compared. The data show that the hydrogen‐bonded structure of the fragment is the same as that of the corresponding sequences of A form 5 S RNA. The fragment must constitute a stable structural domain of 5 S RNA.
Identification of a diene conjugated component of human lipid as octadeca‐9,11‐dienoic acid
Authors: Iversen S.A. , Cawood P. , Madigan M.J. , Lawson A.M. , Dormandy T.L.
Published: July 2002

The predominant diene conjugated acyl residue in triacylglycerols, cholesteryl esters and phospholipids in human serum was identified by high performance liquid chromatography and capillary gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. It is an octadeca‐9,11‐dienoic acid.
Diurnal changes in the properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in Bryophyllum leaves: a possible co valent modification
Authors: Nimmo G.A. , Nimmo H.G. , Fewson C.A. , Wilkins M.B.
Published: July 2002

In plants that show Crassulacean acid metabolism, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase catalyses the key step of CO2 fixation at night. We show here that the properties of this enzyme from Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi undergo marked changes between night and day; the night form is much less sensitive to feedback inhibition by malate than is the day form. Incubation of leaves with 32Pi followed by extraction and immunoprecipitation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase showed that only the night form contained 32P. This suggests that the activity of the enzyme is controlled by a covalent modification mechanism.
Modification of acyl‐plasmin‐streptokinase complex with polyethylene glycol
Authors: Tomiya Noboru , Watanabe Kazuo , Awaya Juichi , Kurono Masayasu , Fujii Setsuro
Published: July 2002

Acyl‐plasmin‐streptokinase complex has advantages as a ‘site’ directed fibrinolytic agent with the active site protected from the plasma protease inhibitors. But, in clinical use, the fibrinolytic potential of this acylenzyme complex is modified or abolished by the presence of streptokinase antibodies in the patients. Therefore, better therapeutic agents are required. In this work, chemical modification of the acyl‐plasmin‐streptokinase complex with polyethylene glycol was found to result in marked resistance to neutralization with streptokinase antibodies.
Relative molecular mass determination of a major, highest relative molecular mass extracellular amelogenin of developing bovine enamel
Authors: Strawich E. , Poon P.M. , Renugopalakrishnan V. , Glimcher M.J.
Published: July 2002

Proteins of developing bovine enamel were fractionated by molecular sieving and ion‐exchange chromatography. The major fraction corresponding to the highest M
r amelogenin of M
r ~26000–30000 was isolated and its M
r determined by SDS‐PAGE, molecular sieving on G‐100 resin and high performance liquid chromatography and by sedimentation‐equilibrium ultracentrifugation, the latter three procedures in guanidine hydrochloride. SDS‐PAGE and HPLC molecular sieving, employing commonly used M
r standards, gave M
r values of ~22000–26000. SDS‐PAGE and HPLC molecular sieving, using proline‐rich CNBr peptides of collagen as standards, and sedimentation‐equilibrium ultracentrifugation, gave M
r values of ~15000–18000 and ~17385, respectively. These latter values correspond well with those reported earlier and with the M
r of the major amelogenin computed from recent amino acid sequence data (~19000). It is concluded that the recently described, highest M
r amelogenin of M
r = 26000–30000 is not a new component but is identical to the proline‐rich components having relative molecular masses ranging from 15000 to 18000 described much earlier by several groups of workers.
Recombinant γ‐interferon inhibits prostaglandin‐mediated and parathyroid hormone‐induced bone resorption in cultured neonatal mouse calvaria
Authors: Peterlik Meinrad , Hoffmann Oskar , Swetly Peter , Klaushofer Klaus , Koller Kristian
Published: July 2002

γ‐Interferon
Bone resorption
Neonatal mouse calvaria
Prostaglandin synthesis
Parathyroid hormone
Calcitonin
Preferential binding of DNA methyltransferase and increased de novo methylation of deoxyinosine containing DNA
Authors: Pfeifer Gerd P. , Drahovsky Dusan
Published: July 2002

Mammalian DNA‐cytosine 5‐methyltransferases methylate cytosines in deoxyinosine containing DNA polymers more rapidly than in other synthetic or naturally occurring DNAs. The initial methylation rate of poly(dI‐dC)·poly(dI‐dC) is about 10‐times higher than that of poly‐(dG‐dC)·poly(dG‐dC) or of the native Micrococcus luteus DNA. In competitive binding experiments, DNA methyltransferase has about 10‐fold higher affinity for the dI‐containing alternating DNA polymer than for poly(dG‐dC) · poly(dG‐dC). The observed high methyl accepting capacity of poly(dI‐dC) · poly(dI‐dC) may be a useful methodological advance to determine de novo DNA methyltransferase activity in extracts of mammalian cells.