bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transient destabilisation in anisotropic vibrational properties of wood when changing humidity
Authors: Brémaud Iris , Gril Joseph
Published: September 2020

Moisture changes cause transient effects in various polymeric materials. In wood, they are mainly documented in semi-static or low-frequency domains and could explain various anomalies in wood behaviour, including the so-called mechano-sorptive effect. This article aimed at exploring and quantifying transient effects in wood vibrational properties, evidenced but in few publications. A series of 65 experiments on spruce and maple, in longitudinal (L) and radial (R) directions, spanning many humidity trajectories, were monitored through time (1–7 weeks) after step-change in relative humidity (RH). Changes in dimensions and specific dynamic modulus of elasticity (E′/γ) closely followed change in moisture content (MC). But the damping coefficient (tanδ) always increased (whether MC increased or decreased) within first hours/days, before slowly re-decreasing. This was quantitatively analysed by subtracting equilibrium moisture content (EMC) dependence from the global changes in tanδ, which simultaneously expressed destabilisation, followed by physical ageing (a slow process towards approaching equilibrium). For small EMC steps, the amplitude of destabilisation in L tanδ exceeded changes due to EMC dependence. Destabilisation was of similar importance relative to L or to R tanδ, while R tanδ showed much (2−4×) stronger EMC dependence. Amplitude of destabilisation increased with wider RH/EMC-steps (and faster sorption rates). Within an experiment, maximum destabilisation occurred nearly concomitantly with maximum sorption rate. Equilibrium was usually reached in MC, even within one week, but seldom in tanδ, even after several weeks. Results suggested that: (i) drying caused similar amplitudes of destabilisation, but that occurred sooner, and recovered faster, than humidifying; (ii) small RH-steps caused relatively smaller amplitudes of destabilisation, but that occurred later, and spanned over longer time before recovering equilibrium, than wide RH-steps. Some possible hypotheses are introduced to explain the observed phenomena. These phenomena also have important practical consequences in real-life wood uses and, particularly, in the design of experimental protocols.
An initiative to limit screen-time in children aged between 6 and 18 years in an urban area in Puducherry: a qualitative study
Authors: Rajaa Sathish , Rehman Tanveer , Surendran Gayathri , Sulgante Sudheera , Thulasingam Mahalakshmy
Published: September 2020

Background

Recently television viewing and use of computers have increased considerably and has become a necessary evil in the society. The amount of Screen Time (ST) exposure of a child largely depends on the views of their parents. Screen time among adolescents have resulted in multiple problems

Objective

To explore the perceptions of parents of children aged 6–10 years and adolescents of 11–18 years residing in an area of urban Puducherry regarding screen-time and develop health education material to decrease ST.

Materials and methods

A community‐based, Qualitative study was conducted during April 2018 in Urban Puducherry. Two FGDs among the adolescents t and one FGD among the mothers of 6–10 years old children to capture their perceptions on ST

Results and conclusion

The three FGD included 30 participants. The main categories that evolved among the adolescents were Benefits, barriers and influencing factors of ST and ways to reduce them. Mothers expressed their concerns regarding screen time and efforts taken to reduce it. Our study showed that curtailing ST is possible by friendly parenting.
A Strong Judiciary as a Crisis for Democracy: A ‘Law and Development’ Study from Pakistan
Authors: Azeem Muhammad
Published: September 2020

By the late 1990s, international financial institutions prescribed a ‘good governance’ paradigm that sought to empower the judiciary to curb ‘state capture’ by the corrupt political elites of developing countries. Good governance was supposed to act as a midwife to economic development, providing the ‘rule of law’ for the free market reforms of structural adjustment programs that had hitherto failed to provide much success. This article examines the implementation of ‘good governance’ in Pakistan, arguing that empowering the judiciary served to weaken an already weak legislature. The tangible issues of popular political representation and economic redistribution were displaced by the discourses on the control of corruption and the rule of law. Based on this experience, the article encourages a shift in law and developmental theorizing to focus on forms of legislature and democratic rule and a redefined role for the ‘civil society’ within this.
Amplification by stimulated emission of nitrogen-vacancy centres in a diamond-loaded fibre cavity
Authors: Raman Nair Sarath , Rogers Lachlan J. , Vidal Xavier , Roberts Reece P. , Abe Hiroshi , Ohshima Takeshi , Yatsui Takashi , Greentree Andrew D. , Jeske Jan , Volz Thomas
Published: September 2020

Laser threshold magnetometry using the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) centre in diamond as a gain medium has been proposed as a technique to dramatically enhance the sensitivity of room-temperature magnetometry. We experimentally explore a diamond-loaded open tunable fibre-cavity system as a potential contender for the realisation of lasing with NV− centres. We observe amplification of the transmission of a cavity-resonant seed laser at 721 nm when the cavity is pumped at 532 nm and attribute this to stimulated emission. Changes in the intensity of spontaneously emitted photons accompany the amplification, and a qualitative model including stimulated emission and ionisation dynamics of the NV− centre captures the dynamics in the experiment very well. These results highlight important considerations in the realisation of an NV− laser in diamond.
High-performance integrated graphene electro-optic modulator at cryogenic temperature
Authors: Lee Brian S. , Kim Bumho , Freitas Alexandre P. , Mohanty Aseema , Zhu Yibo , Bhatt Gaurang R. , Hone James , Lipson Michal
Published: September 2020

High-performance integrated electro-optic modulators operating at low temperature are critical for optical interconnects in cryogenic applications. Existing integrated modulators, however, suffer from reduced modulation efficiency or bandwidth at low temperatures because they rely on tuning mechanisms that degrade with decreasing temperature. Graphene modulators are a promising alternative because graphene’s intrinsic carrier mobility increases at low temperature. Here, we demonstrate an integrated graphene-based electro-optic modulator whose 14.7 GHz bandwidth at 4.9 K exceeds the room temperature bandwidth of 12.6 GHz. The bandwidth of the modulator is limited only by high contact resistance, and its intrinsic RC-limited bandwidth is 200 GHz at 4.9 K.
A metasurface-based diamond frequency converter using plasmonic nanogap resonators
Authors: Shen Qixin , Shams-Ansari Amirhassan , Boyce Andrew M. , Wilson Nathaniel C. , Cai Tao , Loncar Marko , Mikkelsen Maiken H.
Published: September 2020

Diamond has attracted great interest as an appealing material for various applications ranging from classical to quantum optics. To date, Raman lasers, single photon sources, quantum sensing and quantum communication have been demonstrated with integrated diamond devices. However, studies of the nonlinear optical properties of diamond have been limited, especially at the nanoscale. Here, a metasurface consisting of plasmonic nanogap cavities is used to enhance both χ(2) and χ(3) nonlinear optical processes in a wedge-shaped diamond slab with a thickness down to 12 nm. Multiple nonlinear processes were enhanced simultaneously due to the relaxation of phase-matching conditions in subwavelength plasmonic structures by matching two excitation wavelengths with the fundamental and second-order modes of the nanogap cavities. Specifically, third-harmonic generation (THG) and second-harmonic generation (SHG) are both enhanced 1.6 × 107-fold, while four-wave mixing is enhanced 3.0 × 105-fold compared to diamond without the metasurface. Even though diamond lacks a bulk χ(2) due to centrosymmetry, the observed SHG arises from the surface χ(2) of the diamond slab and is enhanced by the metasurface elements. The efficient, deeply subwavelength diamond frequency converter demonstrated in this work suggests an approach for conversion of color center emission to telecom wavelengths directly in diamond.
LIFE Monza: comparison between ante andpost-operamnoise and air quality monitoring activities in a Noise Low Emission Zone
Authors: Silvaggio Rosalba , Curcuruto Salvatore , Mazzocchi Enrico , Borchi Francesco , Bartalucci Chiara , Governi Lapo , Carfagni Monica , Bellomini Raffaella , Luzzi Sergio , Colucci Gianfrancesco , Cattani Giorgio , Gaeta Alessandra , Leone Gianluca , Di Menno di Bucchianico Alessandro , Cusano Mariacarmela , Algieri Andrea , Colombi Cristina , Cuccia Eleonora , Santo Umberto Dal
Published: September 2020

LIFE MONZA project (Methodologies fOr Noise low emission Zones introduction And management) aims at defining an easy-replicable method for the identification and management of theNoise Low Emission Zones(Noise LEZ), urban areas subject to traffic restrictions, usually introduced in order to ensure compliance with the air pollutants limit values, prescribed by the European Directive on ambient air quality 2008/50/EC, whose impacts and potential benefits regarding noise issues have been taken into account, tested and analysed in a pilot area of the city of Monza, located in North Italy. Noise LEZ has been established in Libertà district, introducing infrastructural interventions carried out by the municipality (top-down actions) and encouraging an active involvement of the citizens, in the definition of a more sustainable lifestyle (bottom-up actions). The analysis of potential effects on noise reduction due to the Noise LEZ can contribute to the implementation of the EU Directive 2002/49/EC, related to the assessment and management of environmental noise (Environmental Noise Directive – END), which introduces noise action plans, designed to manage noise issues and their effects, suggesting the adoption of urban and mobility planning. Noise and air quality monitoring activities have been carried out in pilot area inanteandpost-operamconditions. The monitoring methods, the measurement techniques, the analysis procedures, able to describe the effects due to Noise LEZ establishment, for both the main environmental issues are reported in this paper, as proposals to be applied in other different contexts. Results of monitoring activities highlight a reduction of noise, in term of sound pressure levels, betweenanteandpost-operam, during the day and particularly during the night period, and it is essentially due to the interventions realised. The effect of the Noise LEZ on air pollution seems to be negligible for combustion related pollutant and carbon fractions of PM, due both to the moderate spatial effects of the measures undertaken and confounding factors due to concomitant emission sources and meteorology.
Corrole photochemistry
Authors: Lemon Christopher M.
Published: September 2020

The rapid expansion of photoredox catalysis and artificial photosynthesis has garnered renewed interest in the field of photochemistry. While porphyrins have been widely utilized for a variety of photochemical applications, corrole photochemistry remains underexplored, despite an exponential growth in corrole chemistry. Indeed, less than 4% of all corrole-related publications have studied the photochemistry of these molecules. Since corroles exhibit chemical properties that are distinct from porphyrins and related macrocycles, it is likely that this divergence would also be observed in their photochemical properties. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the extant corrole photochemistry literature. Corroles primarily serve as photosensitizers that transfer energy or an electron to molecular oxygen to form singlet oxygen or superoxide, respectively. While both of these reactive oxygen species can be used to drive chemical reactions, they can also be exploited for photodynamic therapy to treat cancer and other diseases. Although direct photochemical activation of metal–ligand bonds has been less explored, corroles mediate a variety of transformations, particularly oxygen atom transfer reactions. Together, these examples illustrate the diversity of corrole photochemistry and suggest that there are many additional applications yet to be discovered.
Synthesis, revised crystal structures, and refractive indices of ABW-type CsMTiO4 (M = Al, Fe, Ga) and ANA-type CsTi1.10Si1.90O6.50, and the determination of the electronic polarizability of 4-coordinated Ti4+
Authors: Groeneveld Jan Derk , Burianek Manfred , Birkenstock Johannes , Fischer Lennart A. , Shannon Robert D. , Fischer Reinhard X.
Published: September 2020

Single crystals of ABW-type CsAlTiO4 (CAT), CsFeTiO4 (CFT), CsGaTiO4 (CGT), and ANA-type CsTi1.1Si1.9O6.5 (CST) were grown and characterized by electron microprobe analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermal analyses, and spindle-stage optical investigations to determine the electronic polarizability of 4-coordinated Ti4+, α([4]Ti4+). The crystal structure of CAT was confirmed to crystallize in the highest possible topological symmetry Imma (a = 8.9677(2) Å, b = 5.7322(1) Å, c = 9.9612(3) Å) with tetrahedrally coordinated Al and Ti equally distributed on Wyckoff position 8i. Twinning by reticular merohedry with a twin index of 2 was observed for most of the crystals resulting in a hexagonal twin lattice (a = 11.487(3) Å, c = 8.968(2) Å) with Laue symmetry 6/mmm. Refractive indices measured by immersion methods on an untwinned specimen are n
x = 1.716(5), n
y = 1.725(2), and n
z = 1.727(1) with 2V
z = 127.1(6)°. The diffraction patterns of CFT and CGT clearly showed superstructure reflections causing a symmetry lowering of index 4 with a transformation according to 2a, b, c from Imma to Pmab with a = 18.3054(7) Å, b = 5.8083(2) Å, c = 9.9938(4) Å for CFT, and a = 18.2921(6) Å, b = 5.7636(2) Å, c = 9.9210(3) Å for CGT. Refractive indices for CGT are n
x = 1.750(3), n
y = 1.772(3), and n
z = 1.776(2) with 2V
z = 132(1)°. The crystal structure of the ANA-type CsTi1.1Si1.9O6.5 was confirmed to crystallize in space group Ia

3
¯

$\overline{3}$

d (a = 13.8333(4) Å). The extra 0.5 O atoms are needed for charge compensation and to allow the sum of electronic polarizabilities to give a total electronic polarizability calculated from the refractive index n = 1.718(4). The electronic polarizability of [4]Ti4+ was calculated from the difference between the observed total polarizabilities (derived from the mean refractive indices of CAT and CGT) and the sum of electronic polarizabilities of cations and anions omitting the polarizability of Ti resulting in α([4]Ti4+) = 5.15(5) Å3.
Inhibition of chikusetsusaponin IVa on inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cell line via MAPK pathway
Authors: Xu Guangren , Lei Hongyu , Yuan Qiaoling , Chen Huiyu , Su Jianming
Published: September 2020

Chikusetsusaponin IVa (CHS-IVa), a saponin from herb Panacis japonicas, possesses extensive biological activities. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of CHS-IVa on inflammation have not been fully clarified in the setting of murine macrophages. In this study, we found that CHS-IVa effectively reduced the expression of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. Meanwhile, CHS-IVa could also evidently bate the contents of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in cell culture supernatants. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity of CHS-IVa may be via diminishing the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Collectively, these findings will help to understand of the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of P. japonicas deeply, and suggest a validated therapeutic use as an anti-inflammatory medication.
Short-Term Effects of “Composite” Training on Strength, Jump, and Sprint Performance in Hurling Players
Authors: Byrne Paul J. , Moody Jeremy A. , Cooper Stephen-Mark , Farrell Eoin , Kinsella Sharon
Published: September 2020

Byrne, PJ, Moody, JA, Cooper, S-M, Farrell, E, and Kinsella, S. Short-term effects of “composite training” on strength, jump, and sprint performance in hurling players. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2253–2261, 2022—The purpose of this study was to compare the short-term effects of “composite” training to sprint training on strength, jump, and sprint acceleration performance in hurling players. A randomized counterbalanced group design with baseline test, pretest and post-test measures was used. Twenty-five hurling players volunteered to participate and 21 completed the study. Subjects were divided into a “composite” (COMP group, n = 10) or a sprint training (SPRINT group, n = 11) group. Both groups trained twice per week for 7 weeks with the SPRINT group performing 6 repetitions of 20 m sprints and the COMP group completing 6 repetitions (1 repetition = 3 bounce drop jumps [BDJs] with a 20 m sprint after 15 seconds recovery). Significant differences existed pretraining to post-training for the COMP group for BDJ contact time (−7.25%; p = 0.05) and countermovement jump (CMJ) variables (height: 7.43%, p = 0.006; force: 5.24%, p = 0.05; power: 15.11%, p = 0.001). No significant differences were found between groups at baseline and for group by time interactions. Significant improvements were observed pretraining to post-training in both groups for the following: absolute 3 repetition maximum (3RM) back squat strength (12.73–17.62%, p = 0.01), 5 m (5.74–9.49%, p = 0.006–0.04), 10 m (4.27–5.59%, p = 0.007–0.02), and 20 m (3.35–3.98%, p = 0.003–0.01). In conclusion, “composite” training is effective in enhancing fast stretch-shortening cycle efficiency inducing CMJ force and power augmentation. However, “composite” and sprint training are effective training approaches for enhancing maximal strength and sprint performance in a time efficient manner in hurling players.
Upregulation of nAChRs and Changes in Excitability on VTA Dopamine and GABA Neurons Correlates to Changes in Nicotine-Reward-Related Behavior
Authors: Akers Austin T. , Cooper Skylar Y. , Baumgard Zachary J. , Casinelli Gabriella P. , Avelar Alicia J. , Henderson Brandon J.
Published: September 2020

Previous reports indicate that nicotine reward is mediated through α4β2*, α6β2*, and α4α6β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs; * indicates that additional nAChR subunits may be present). Little is known about α4α6β2* nAChR involvement in reward and reinforcement because of a lack of methods that allow the direct investigation of this particular nAChR subtype. Here, we use male and female mice that contain α4-mCherry and α6-GFP nAChR subunits to show that concentrations of nicotine sufficient to evoke reward-related behavior robustly upregulate α4* and α4α6* nAChRs on midbrain dopamine (DA) and GABA neurons. Furthermore, the extent of α4α6* nAChR upregulation on ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons aligns with the magnitude of nicotine reward-related behavior. We also show that the upregulation of nAChRs is accompanied by a functional change in firing frequency of both DA and GABA neurons in the VTA that is directly linked to nicotine reward-related behavior.
Serial Prefrontal Pathways Are Positioned to Balance Cognition and Emotion in Primates
Authors: Joyce Mary Kate P. , García-Cabezas Miguel Ángel , John Yohan J. , Barbas Helen
Published: September 2020

The delicate balance among primate prefrontal networks is necessary for homeostasis and behavioral flexibility. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is associated with cognition, while the most ventromedial subgenual cingulate area 25 (A25) is associated with emotion and emotional expression. Yet A25 is weakly connected with dlPFC, and it is unknown how the two regions communicate. In rhesus monkeys of both sexes, we investigated how these functionally distinct areas may interact through pregenual anterior cingulate area 32 (A32), which is strongly connected with both. We found that dlPFC innervated the deep layers of A32, while A32 innervated all layers of A25, mostly targeting spines of excitatory neurons. Approximately 20% of A32 terminations formed synapses on inhibitory neurons in A25, notably the powerful parvalbumin inhibitory neurons in the deep layers, and the disinhibitory calretinin neurons in the superficial layers. By innervating distinct inhibitory microenvironments in laminar compartments, A32 is positioned to tune activity in columns of A25. The circuitry of the sequential pathway indicates that when dlPFC is engaged, A32 can dampen A25 output through the parvalbumin inhibitory microsystem in the deep layers of A25. A32 thus may flexibly recruit or reduce activity in A25 to maintain emotional equilibrium, a process that is disrupted in depression. Moreover, pyramidal neurons in A25 had a heightened density of NMDARs, which are the targets of novel rapid-acting antidepressants. Pharmacologic antagonism of NMDARs in patients with depression may reduce excitability in A25, mimicking the effects of the neurotypical serial pathway identified here.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe anterior cingulate is a critical hub in prefrontal networks through connections with functionally distinct areas. Dorsolateral and polar prefrontal areas that are associated with complex cognition are connected with the anterior cingulate in a pattern that allows them to indirectly control downstream activity from the anterior cingulate to the subgenual cingulate, which is associated with heightened activity and negative affect in depression. This set of pathways provides a circuit mechanism for emotional regulation, with the anterior cingulate playing a balancing role for integration of cognitive and emotional processes. Disruption of these pathways may perturb network function and the ability to regulate cognitive and affective processes based on context.
Criminal Law Study on Narcotics Abuse Rehabilitation
Authors: Widiasyam Salma , Haris Oheo , Abdullah Siti Aisah
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research is to determine whether the rehabilitation of the victims of narcotics abuse in the decree of the District Court of Kendari No. 236/Pid. Sus/2019/PN K has fulfilled the element of Article 54 Act number 35 year 2009. The type of research used in this study is normative research, using the Statute Approach, Case Approach, Conceptual Approach.Based on the results the authors conclude that narcotic addicts and narcotics abuse victims are obliged to undergo medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation. The judge in the its verdict prosecute convicted because it has been proven legally and committed guilty of committing a criminal offence "narcotic abuse for himself", dropping a criminal against the defendant with imprisonment for 1 (one) year and 2 (two) months have in accordance with article 127 paragraph (1) of Law No. 35 Year 2009. However, in the ruling judge ignores article 127 paragraph (2) and paragraph (3) of Law No. 35 Year 2009 that the obligation of the judge in providing rehabilitation efforts against the defendant cases of drug abuse in line with the issuance of Circular Letter of Supreme Court No. 4 Year 2010.
The Effects of Financial and Environmental Performances on Firm Value with Environmental Disclosure as an Intervening Variable
Authors: Rinsman Theresia Coline Sari , Prasetyo Andrian Budi
Published: September 2020

This study aims to analyze the effects of financial performance and environmental performance to firm value with environmental disclosure as an intervening variable. Financial performance which measured by Ratio On Sales (ROS) and environmental performance which measured by PROPER ranking act as independent variables and firm value which measured by stock price acts as dependent variable also environmental disclosure which measured by GRI Standards as an intervening variable. This study uses secondary data and selects the sample used purposive sampling method. The samples consist of non financial companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), participated in the PROPER (Program Penilaian Peringkat Kinerja Perusahaan / Performance Rating Assestment Program on Environment Management) and published both annual report and sustainability report for 2017-2018. Partial Least Squares technique is chosen for the study statistic analysis. Results from this research show that financial performance has a negative impact on environmental disclosure, environmental performance has a significant positive impact on environmental disclosure and environmental disclosure does not affect the firm value. Next, the environmental disclosure is not able to intervene the effects of financial performance and environmental performance on firm value. The implications of this research are prove that the environmental aspects of information disclosed by the company have not been an important assessment for investors in viewing the performance of a company and also suggest investors to consider the company's environmental disclosure in making investment decisions because it contain an important aspect of corporate sustainability.
Analysis of the Effect of Earnings Management on Audit Service Fees in Five ASEAN-5 Countries
Authors: Dewinta Berliana Anggun , Mita Aria Farah
Published: September 2020

This research aims to provide empirical evidence about the effect of earnings management on the audit fee spent by listed firms in ASEAN-5. This research was conducted using regression analysis with sample of 5.396 firm year listed in ASEAN countries, such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand from 2010-2014. The result of this study indicates that earnings management will increase audit fee. It is due to earnings management increase inherent risk faced by auditor.
The Quality of State-Property Reporting: Determinants and Intervening Role of Optimization Management in Indonesia Regional Case
Authors: Anisykurlillah Indah , Oktaviana Anggita
Published: September 2020

This study examines the effect of legal audit, internal control system, IT utilization, and internal auditors' role as determinants of the quality of state-property reporting intervened by management optimization. The population is the Tegal Regional employee, who manages state-property, including users, regulators, and keepers in 36 regional offices. This case reflects the management and reporting of state-property in the Indonesia regional. Seventy-six respondents were sampled to answer the research instrument and analyzed it by path analysis. The results show that the internal control system, IT utilization, and state property management optimization positively affect state-property reporting quality. The use of internal control systems and IT utilization positively influence the optimization of state-property management. The results also prove that management optimization mediates the internal control system and IT utilization on state-property reporting quality. Contrary evidence that management optimization does not mediate the impact of legal audits and internal auditors' role on the state property report's quality.
Social Accounting and Tax Accountability: An Interpretive Study of the Majapahit Empire
Authors: Anto Andri , Nuraini Fitri
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence that accounting practices and tax accountability have been implemented in the ancient kingdom. This paper uses a qualitative approach and an interpretive study as a method. Data were collected through interviews with informants who are experienced in the history of the ancient kingdom, observations on the Majapahit kingdom site, and librarian research. The results prove that tax accountability during the Majapahit kingdom has been implemented and is under the king's policies. Besides that, social accounting practices during the Majapahit Empire had grown and developed as a result of economic and trade activities that experienced rapid growth. Besides that, the absolute king's power in regulating his people in all fields.
Kehidupan Tokoh Anne Mary dalam Novel Sekumtum Ruh Dalam Merah Karya Naning Pranoto
Authors: Pratiwi Diah , Andalas Maharani Intan
Published: September 2020

The research entitled "The Life of Anne Mary’s Figure in the Novel Sekumtum Ruh dalam Merah by Naning Pranoto : Intertextual Study" aims to find out the life of Anne Mary's character in intertextual relations. In this study used intertextual theory with qualitative research methods. The results of this research are the discovery of intertextual relationships in the life of Anne Mary's character in the novel Sekumtum Ruh dalam Merah by Naning Pranoto namely the relationship of life with the queen of England mid 16th century, myths of bloody Mary, Mary Ann's alcoholic beverage brands, and the puppet story of Dewi Anjani.

 

Penelitian berjudul “Kehidupan Tokoh Anne Mary dalam Novel Sekumtum Ruh dalam Merah Karya Naning Pranoto: Kajian Intertekstual” bertujuan untuk mengetahui kehidupan tokoh Anne Mary dalam hubungan intertekstual. Di dalam penelitian ini digunakan teori intertekstual dengan metode penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah ditemukannya hubungan intertekstual di dalam kehidupan tokoh Anne Mary dalam novel Sekumtum Ruh dalam Merah karya naning Pranoto yakni hubungan kehidupan dengan ratu Inggris pertenaghan abad 16, mitos bloody Mary, merk minuman alkohol Mary Ann, dan cerita pewayangan Dewi Anjani.
Kritik Sastra Ekologis dalam Drama-Drama Terbaru Indonesia
Authors: Andriyani Noni
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lanjutan dari penelitian yang berjudul â€œKritik Sastra Ekologis terhadap Novel-Novel Terbaru Indonesiaâ€. Pada penelitian sebelumnya tersebut, objek kajian difokuskan kepada novel-novel terbaru Indonesia, sedangkan dalam penelitian ini objek kajiannya adalah drama. Penelitian ini direncanakan sampai pada simpulan akhir kritik sastra ekologis terhadap karya-karya sastra terbaru Indonesia. Penelitian ini penting dilakukan mengingat masih terbatasnya kajian ekologis dalam bidang sastra. Padahal, isu lingkungan adalah isu penting dan selalu dibahas belakangan ini.  Berdasarkan hal tersebut, masalah yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini adalah â€œBagaimanakah kritik sastra ekologis dalam drama-drama terbaru Indonesia?â€.  Pengumpulan data dan analisis data dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif dan analisis isi. Data diklasifikasikan dan dianalisis dengan konsep sastra ekologis menurut Garrard meliputi (1) pencemaran; (2) hutan belantara; (3) bencana; (4) perumahan/ tempat tinggal; (5) binatang; dan (6) bumi. Temuan penelitian dan pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa drama-drama terbaru Indonesia mengandung konsep-konsep sastra ekologis. Konsep sastra ekologis yang dominan muncul adalah konsep perumahan dan konsep yang jarang muncul adalah konsep bencana. Konsep-konsep sastra ekologis dalam drama-drama terbaru Indonesia merupakan bentuk kritik yang dilakukan oleh pengarang terhadap perilaku masyarakat dalam menjaga lingkungan. Sastra ekologis juga muncul sebagai bentuk refleksi masyarakat dalam karya sastra khususnya drama-drama terbaru Indonesia.
Mitochondrial diabetes and mitochondrial DNA mutation load in MELAS syndrome
Authors: Chae Hyun-Wook , Na Ji-Hoon , Kim Ho-Seong , Lee Young-Mock
Published: September 2020

Objective:

Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a very rare condition; it encompasses a diverse group of disorders including diabetes. Phenotypic variability can be attributed to heteroplasmy along with varying proportions of mutant and WT mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). To examine the clinical relationship between mitochondrial diabetes and mutational load, we analyzed the mtDNA of children and young adolescents with MELAS syndrome using next generation sequencing (NGS).

Design and methods:

Of 57 subjects with suspected MELAS syndrome, 32 children and young adolescents were diagnosed as MELAS syndrome with mtDNA A-to-G transition at nucleotide 3243. Mutation load studies and NGS were performed for 25 subjects.

Results:

The mean mutation load was 60.4 ± 18.4% (range: 22.5‒100). Of the 25 subjects with NGS results, 15 (60%) were diagnosed with DM and 2 (8%) were diagnosed with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The mutational load of subjects inversely correlated with first symptom onset, age at diagnosis of MELAS syndrome, and DM (P < 0.001). However, mutational load did not correlate with the clinical severity or progression of DM/IGT. There was no significant difference in insulin resistance or sensitivity indices between the low- and high-mutation load groups. During the 3.7 years of follow-up, insulin resistance indices were not significantly different between baseline and follow-up.

Conclusions:

We can infer that the mutation load in the MELAS syndrome is significantly associated with the onset of symptoms and associated diseases, including mitochondrial diabetes. However, it may not influence disease progression.
Longitudinal Study of Socioeconomic Segregation Between Schools in the UK
Authors: Martínez-Garrido Cynthia , Siddiqui Nadia , Gorard Stephen
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study is to understand the behavior of school segregation by socioeconomic level in the UK. To do this, all data from the United Kingdom are analyzed in the PISA Assessment from 2000 to 2015 and the Gorard index, Dissimilarity index, and the Isolation index are estimated. The analysis has shown that socio-economic segregation between schools has declined somewhat in the UK from 2000 to 2015, although the clustering of the 25% poorest of students remained relatively static since 2006. England remains more highly segregated by poverty than Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The segregation levels of the 10% poorest student has declined in state-maintained schools but shown a sharp increase in private schools. The level of isolation of disadvantaged students is less in state-maintained schools than private schools. The findings show that poverty segregation trends using PISA data match with segregation trends previously analysed using the national datasets using only state-maintained schools for England. This finding leads to research implications for a detailed analysis of national school segregation trends, including student data from private school.
Efectos Compañero en Contextos Escolares Altamente Segregados
Authors: Krüger Natalia
Published: September 2020

Los sistemas educativos latinoamericanos se posicionan entre los más segregados del mundo: los grupos de estudiantes provenientes de distinto contexto social se distribuyen de forma desigual entre sus escuelas, con escasa interacción entre sí. Empleando datos de PISA 2018, el trabajo evalúa la existencia de efectos compañero sobre el desarrollo de competencias en las áreas de Lectura, Matemática y Ciencia y sobre la expectativa ocupacional de los alumnos de 15 años de edad en la región. Para ello, se estiman modelos de regresión multinivel multivariados. Se constata la presencia de efectos significativos de la composición socioeconómica escolar sobre dichos resultados, lo cual permite afirmar que la situación de segregación tiende a reforzar la inequidad educativa y social. Esto es así porque los alumnos de origen social más desfavorecido suelen asistir a escuelas cuyo alumnado se encuentra en similares condiciones, potenciando su desventaja inicial. Lo contrario ocurre para aquellos de mayor nivel socioeconómico. La evidencia aportada se encuentra en línea con los antecedentes disponibles para América Latina, contribuyendo a visibilizar el fenómeno de la segregación social escolar como un problema central de sus sistemas educativos. Se insta a las autoridades y a toda la comunidad educativa a pensar y consensuar estrategias para mitigarlo.
Delivery and Impact of a Motivational Intervention for Smoking Cessation: A PROS Study
Authors: Klein Jonathan D. , Gorzkowski Julie , Resnick Elissa A. , Harris Donna , Kaseeska Kristen , Pbert Lori , Prokorov Alex , Wang Tianxiu , Davis James , Gotlieb Edward , Wasserman Richard
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVES:

We tested a Public Health Service 5As-based clinician-delivered smoking cessation counseling intervention with adolescent smokers in pediatric primary care practice.

METHODS:

We enrolled clinicians from 120 practices and recruited youth (age ≥14) from the American Academy of Pediatrics Pediatric Research in Office Settings practice-based research network. Practices were randomly assigned to training in smoking cessation (intervention) or social media counseling (attentional control). Youth recruited during clinical visits completed confidential screening forms. All self-reported smokers and a random sample of nonsmokers were offered enrollment and interviewed by phone at 4 to 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after visits. Measures included adolescents’ report of clinicians’ delivery of screening and counseling, current tobacco use, and cessation behaviors and intentions. Analysis assessed receipt of screening and counseling, predictors of receiving 5As counseling, and effects of interventions on smoking behaviors and cessation at 6 and 12 months.

RESULTS:

Clinicians trained in the 5As intervention delivered more screening (β = 1.0605, P < .0001) and counseling (β = 0.4354, P < .0001). In both arms, clinicians more often screened smokers than nonsmokers. At 6 months, study arm was not significantly associated with successful cessation; however, smokers in the 5As group were more likely to have quit at 12 months. Addicted smokers more often were counseled, regardless of study arm, but were less likely to successfully quit smoking.

CONCLUSIONS:

Adolescent smokers whose clinicians were trained in 5As were more likely to receive smoking screening and counseling than controls, but the ability of this intervention to help adolescents quit smoking was limited.
Pheochromocytoma presenting as fever of unknown origin, a case report
Authors: González-Clavijo Angélica María , Muñoz-Loaiza Juan David , Guzmán-Rojas Jennifer Daniela Daniela , Vanegas-Antolinez Johiner Jahir , Bermúdez-Silva Laura Natalia , Fierro-Maya Luis Felipe
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Pheochromocytoma is a generally benign neoplasm derived from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. It is characterized by the production of large amounts of catecholamines and also by the capacity to secrete bioactive peptides such as cytokines, mainly interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and TNF alpha.Case presentation: 24-year-old man, who consulted for fever, myalgia, and choluria. His laboratory tests were compatible with a systemic inflammatory response without infectious or autoimmune causes. However, a fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDGPET) revealed a left adrenal mass, without extra-adrenal lesions. On admission, increased levels of differentiated urine methanephrines, elevated baseline cortisol, non-suppressed adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), and positive low dose dexamethasone suppression test for cortisol were found. With suspicion of catecholamine and ACTH-producing pheochromocytoma, a tumor resection was performed, which conspicuously resolved all alterations of the inflammatory response. The histologic findings confirmed a pheochromocytoma, but the immunostaining for ACTH was negative. A literature review and the comparison of the findings with other reported cases allowed inferring that this was a case of interleukin-producing pheochromocytoma.Conclusion: Pheochromocytoma may be a cause of febrile syndrome, with IL-6 being the main mediator, which explains the manifestationsof systemic inflammation and ACTH-mediated hypercortisolism.
El arquetipo de un escritor costarricense: Carlos Luis Fallas Sibaja y sus homenajes luctuosos (1966)
Authors: Castillo Rodríguez Larissa
Published: September 2020

En este artículo se estudian los homenajes luctuosos rendidos al escritor comunista costarricense Carlos Luis Fallas Sibaja, en 1966. Este trabajo puntualiza su análisis en este año en particular, porque se sostiene la idea de que el despliegue de mensajes publicados en la prensa escrita, corresponde a una política de la memoria, la cual contribuyó al proceso de construcción de Fallas como arquetipo de escritor nacional. En otras palabras, el estudio permitirá conocer cómo se inicia la institucionalización o canonización del escritor, una vez fallecido. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre lo que significó su muerte y el discurso construido alrededor de esta.
La vida de tres mujeres nicaragüenses en el cafetal de Costa Rica (2008-2018): Historias contadas durante los reencuentros después de 10 años
Authors: Shiode Aya
Published: September 2020

Este documento es un informe que trata sobre una parte de las entrevistas hechas a tres mujeres migrantes nicaragüenses en situación irregular acerca de su vida y los cambios vividos en el transcurso de diez años entre 2008 y 2018. Las entrevistas se realizaron en octubre y noviembre de 2018 en una de las principales zonas cafetaleras de Costa Rica, Turrialba. Las historias contadas por estas mujeres constataron la difícil realidad que las rodea, pero a la vez su valentía y resiliencia por una vida más digna y esperanzada.
Un siglo de prensa regional costarricense. Una aproximación preliminar (1850-1950)
Authors: Quesada Rivera Eugenio
Published: September 2020

Este artículo analiza los periódicos que circularon en las provincias costarricenses entre 1850 y 1950.  A la luz de los postulados de los historiadores Jean-François Botrel y Robert Darnton, se profundiza en las características de dichos periódicos, así como también en sus procesos de producción y distribución. Se concluye que la Reforma educativa de 1886 propició la aparición de nuevas cabeceras provincianas, que la producción de estas hojas fue, en la mayoría de los casos, artesanal y que el modelo político centralista por el que optó Costa Rica limitó en gran medida el ciclo de vida de estas publicaciones.
La contribución directa y la capitación en Chiapas y Guatemala en las décadas republicanas
Authors: Pollack Aaron
Published: September 2020

No obstante su historia común como partes de la misma audiencia española, Chiapas y Guatemala elaboraron sistemas fiscales diferentes al separarse políticamente. Este artículo discute las diferencias en estos sistemas en relación a la capitación y las contribuciones directas, y analiza cómo fueron implementados en ambos territorios, las discusiones en torno a su legislación, las formas de su aplicación y el entorno social del cual formaban parte. Las contribuciones directas proporcionales en Guatemala nunca pudieron aplicarse en Chiapas. Estos impuestos se traslapaban con otras formas recaudatorias, especialmente durante las guerras. A veces se aplicaban con violencia y a menudo provocaron resistencia popular, lo que influiría en su eliminación en Guatemala con la llegada al poder de Rafael Carrera.
A diez años del golpe de Estado en Honduras: Entre las narrativas de la “transición a la democracia” y la instauración del proyecto neoliberal en Centroamérica
Authors: Guzmán Padilla Génesis , León Araya Andrés
Published: September 2020

Después de diez años, mucho se ha escrito y reflexionado sobre el golpe de Estado en Honduras del 2009 y sus efectos, tanto a nivel doméstico, como de las dinámicas geopolíticas a nivel Centro y Latinoamericano. Sin embargo, en su mayoría, los y las analistas se han decantado por acercamientos que enfatizan elementos institucionales, de cultura política y captura de Estado, combinada con una mirada poco atenta a la historia hondureña y a los procesos que llevaron a que la expulsión forzada de Manuel Zelaya Rosales se volviera una alternativa viable. Para ir más allá de este acercamiento, proponemos ver el golpe de Estado como parte del proceso de instauración del proyecto neoliberal en Honduras y los procesos de formación de clase y Estado que lo han acompañado.
Revolución sandinista y las políticas exteriores de los EE. UU., la URSS y Costa Rica en las caricaturas de Hugo Díaz, 1974-1994
Authors: Vindas Solano Sofía
Published: September 2020

Este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar de qué manera caracteriza Hugo Díaz en sus caricaturas, las acciones de actores vinculados a Costa Rica, los EE. UU. y la URSS durante los eventos de la Revolución sandinista. Las obras captan una lectura específica que realiza el artista sobre su contexto y sobre cómo interpreta las políticas exteriores de estos actores durante la Guerra Fría con relación al conflicto en Nicaragua, entre 1974-1994. A su vez, se analizan los elementos técnicos, estéticos e iconográficos de las caricaturas y los personajes que se representan. Estas obras evidencian una crítica del artista, sobre la pretendida postura de neutralidad costarricense.
¿Un imán de bienestar en el Sur? Migración y política social en Costa Rica. Koen Voorend. San José: EUCR, 2019
Authors: Niedzwiecki Sara
Published: September 2020

¿Un Imán de Bienestar en el Sur? de Koen Voorend estudia dos preguntas fundamentales: ¿En qué medida el sistema de salud pública costarricense atrae a la inmigración nicaragüense?, ¿es esta migración la responsable por el deterioro de los servicios sociales? La respuesta a ambas preguntas, según Voorend, es negativa: personas nicaragüenses no migran a Costa Rica atraídas por el sistema de salud y la provisión de salud a migrantes no explica la crisis del sistema. Es decir, nicaragüenses en Costa Rica ni se “aprovechan” ni son una “carga” para el sistema. La evidencia para sostener esta respuesta contrasta con la creencia popular: tres de cada cuatro costarricenses creen que los inmigrantes son un riesgo para la seguridad social. Voorend analiza dos preguntas adicionales, y cruciales, para entender este tema: ¿en qué medida el sistema de salud costarricense incorpora efectivamente a las personas inmigrantes? ¿por qué algunas personas nicaragüenses acceden a mejores servicios que otras?
Productividad del pasto Brachipará (b.arrecta x b.mutica) con varias dosis de nitrógeno y frecuencias de corte en Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Authors: Cerdas Roberto , Vallejos Eithel
Published: September 2020

Esta investigación realizó un ensayo en pasto Brachipará (Tangola), en Santa Cruz, Guanacaste, localidad situada a 54 m de altitud y con una precipitación anual de 1834 mm. Dicho estudio evaluó la producción de fitomasa verde, la fitomasa seca, el crecimiento del pasto y la densidad del forraje del pasto Brachipará sometido a tres dosis de fertilización nitrogenada (0,100 y 200 kg.ha-1.año-1) por año y tres edades de corte (30, 60 y 90 días). La producción de fitomasa seca incrementó con lasdosis de nitrógeno en 2997,90 kg, 4708,33 kg y 6583,33 kg MS.ha-1, cuando se aportaron cantidades anuales de 0, 100 y 200 kgN.ha-1. El rendimiento de fitomasa seca por hectárea fue afectada por la edad, reportando valores de 2227,08 kg a los 20 días, 5031,25 a los 40 días y de 7031,25 kg a los 60 días de edad. También, el pasto Brachipará mostró una densidad del forraje de 26,88 kg, 32,93 kg y 45,87 kg MS.ha-1.cm-1, con la aplicación de 0 kg, 100 kg ó 200 kg ha-1.año-1, respectivamente. Se calcularon ecuaciones múltiples para algunas variables evaluadas. Por lo tanto, se recomienda en pasto Brachipará la aplicación de 200 kg N.ha-1.año-1.
Oferta Académica y Laboral Actual en la Región Pacífico Central: Un estudio desde a la perspectiva de los sectores sociales.
Authors: Mora Elizondo María Lisbeth
Published: September 2020

El presente artículo analiza el panorama socioeconómico, la oferta académica así como la oferta laboral de la Región Pacifico Central tomando en cuenta los diferentes sectores productivos como Sector Turismo, Sector Industria y Comercio, Sector Salud, Sector Educación, Sector Agricultura y Ganadería, Bienes y Servicios considerando las necesidades de las diferentes empresas e instituciones que impactan la Región.
Obra poética
Authors: Loayza Aguilar Tatiana
Published: September 2020

Esquizofrenia multiorgásmica