bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planar Robot Grasping Planning Based on Symmetry
Authors: Davidescu Arjana , Savii George Gustav
Published: October 2014

One of the main challenges in robotic manipulation is to decide how to grasp objects. Symmetry has great significance for characterizing planar shapes for recognition, handling etc. Most of the existing methods use an approach suited for a class of shapes. In the proposed method the axes of symmetry are simultaneously searched using two approaches: as eigenvectors of the moment of inertia covariance matrix of the object and as directions that minimize a symmetry index of the contour of the object in polar coordinates. The best candidate is selected by a symmetry measure in Cartesian coordinates. The method was tested on various shapes, and then implemented in a robotic system with artificial vision. It proved to be efficient even in the case of slightly asymmetric shapes. The proposed method proved to be well suited for the symmetric objects usually grasped by the robots. The implementation must be adjusted for different classes of objects and lightning conditions using two threshold values.
An Overview on Accuracy and Calibration Methods for Manipulators
Authors: Dogaru Dan Romulus , Doroftei Ioan
Published: October 2014

Offline programming requires a good accuracy of the manipulators. The solution to the problem is to use a feedback mechanism to minimize the error. But, the real coordinate of the robot can be achieved with a measurement system. With this system the robot is calibrated and therefore errors are minimized. In this paper, an overview on some calibration methods used to reduce positioning and orientation errors of the end-effector are discussed. A set of methods are using a laser tracker for the measurements and the other methods are based on computer vision.
Remote Controlled Wheeled Mobile Robot for Humanitarian Demining Purposes
Authors: Doroftei Ioan , Malherbe Romain , Bred Gaetan , Baudoin Yvan , Conduraru Ionel
Published: October 2014

There are millions of lethal land-mines that have been left in many countries after conflicts. They represent a particularly acute problem in developing countries and nations already economically hard hit by war. The problem of unexploded mines has become a serious international issue, with many people striving to find a solution. These mines kill or injure thousands individuals each year, most of them civilians. This paper will present an extended work on a wheeled mobile robot for humanitarian demining.
Dynamic Behavior of MEMS Resonators
Authors: Pustan Marius , Birleanu Corina , Rusu Florina , Haragâş Simion
Published: October 2014

MEMS resonator represents currently one of the important research areas of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS). The usual applications of MEMS resonators are the radio-frequency electromechanical devices, MEMS gyroscopes and resonant sensors. The main part of a MEMS resonator is the mechanical vibrating structure that can be fabricated as microcantilevers, microbridges or in a more complex configuration as micromembranes. The scope of this paper is to investigate the dynamic behavior of an electrostatically actuated MEMS cantilever under different oscillating modes in order to determine the resonant frequency, amplitude and velocity of oscillations. Moreover, based on the resonant frequency experimental curves, the quality factor for different oscillating modes is determined. The effect of operating conditions on the frequency response of investigated microcantilever is monitored. As a consequence, the experimental tests are performed both in ambient conditions and in vacuum. The dynamic response of microcantilever in vacuum is influenced by the intrinsic dissipation energy and the sample behavior in air depends on the intrinsic losses as well as the extrinsic dissipation energy.
The Structure, Work Space and Direct Kinematic of the Robots with 8 Axes of Type T Normal R Parallel (PM)(OM)
Authors: Staretu Ionel
Published: October 2014

The paper presents first structural synthesis aspects of serial redundant open kinematic chains for industrial robots. These chains are obtained from 3-axis positioning kinematic chains that create non-degenerate workspaces plus first a rotation or translation coupling in parallel or perpendicular position, obtaining structures with 7-axis, to which by adding in the same way one more rotation or translation coupling structures with 8 axes are obtained. Below we present the direct kinematics analysis for this kinematic chain using the homogeneous operators’ method. This method is based on the use of homogeneous translation or rotation operators and covering the kinematic chain from the base to the characteristic point at its end by a mobile reference system. Based on linear and angular dimensions expressed in matrix by corresponding homogeneous operators we obtain the matrix of the robot characteristic point coordinates in the fixed reference system attached to the robot base. Thus, direct kinematics is solved qualitatively. For a set of numerical values, ​​we obtain a quantitative solution.
Bonding Strength of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Beads Enhanced with Steel Fiber in Reinforced Lightweight Concrete (LWC)
Authors: Rahim Jamilah Abd. , Hamzah Siti Hawa , Hamidah Mohd Saman
Published: October 2014

Lightweight concrete (LWC) is one of the favourable concrete to be used as it has low density with acceptable high strength, high durability, and toughness. In order to produce LWC, it is required special material such as expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads and steel fiber to be added into the design mix concrete. As known, EPS beads have zero strength. Meanwhile, the significant of steel fiber is to reduce micro and macro crack propagation. Therefore, pull out test were carried out to measure the bond strength between reinforcement bar and three series of concrete mix design which are normal concrete, EPS-LWC and EPS-LWC enhanced with steel fiber. Concrete adhesion and bearing deformation of reinforcing bar against the concrete are the two main mechanisms that influence the strength of bond in the steel reinforced concrete. Deformation will increase when the bonding stress increase. Normal concrete series shows the higher average bonding stress which is 531.22 kPa compared to others series concrete mix. Meanwhile, bonding stress of EPS-LWC mix is 174.54 kPa which is higher than EPS-LWC enhanced with steel fiber mix. Even though the present of the steel fibre can increase the strength of the LWC, but it effects to the bonding strength between reinforcement steel rod and concrete. There are two improtant factor in bonding determination which are volume fraction and aspect ratio of the steel fiber. Segregation will increase when the aspect ratio of steel fiber increased. Besides, the workability becomes low. This present study used types of hooked end steel fiber with 60 mm length and aspected ratio is 0.75. While the size of the cylindrical is 300 mm x 150 mm. The position of the steel fiber in the specimens is too compact and presenting the air voids. Consequently weaken the bonding strength between concrete and reinforcement bar.
Corrosion Inhibition of Aluminum in 0.1M HCL by Nephelium lappaceum (Rambutan) Peel Extract
Authors: Norzila Mohd , Nur Akidah Honey Mat Irahim , Nursyafinaz Jaafar
Published: October 2014

Corrosion control of metals is about technical, economic, environmental, and aesthetic importance. Synthetic corrosion inhibitors are toxic to environment and human life. Thus, the searches for natural corrosion inhibitors are essential as they are biodegradable and non toxic. The purpose of this study is to investigate the ability ofNephelium lappaceumpeel extract as a corrosion inhibitor of aluminum in 0.1M HCl solutions. Obtained data from gravimetric and thermometric analysis has shown the value of inhibition efficiency (% IE) is proportional to added inhibitor concentration and inversely proportional to the temperature. Occurred inhibition mechanism was in the form of inhibitor adsorption process on aluminum surface that allegedly preceded by physical adsorption. The SEM study also confirmed there were adsorptions of extracted inhibitor molecules onto aluminum surface. Therefore, from the observational results obtained, it can be concluded thatNephelium lappaceumpeel extract was an attractive candidate for the natural corrosion inhibitor.
Variable Speed Wind Turbine with External Stiffness and Rotor Deviation Observer
Authors: Kamarudin Muhammad Nizam , Husain Abdul Rashid , Ahmad Mohamad Noh
Published: October 2014

Often in prominent literature, the appearance of external stiffness in wind turbine dynamical model has been neglected. The ignorance of external stiffness eliminates the presence of rotor-side angular deviation in the system dynamic. In order to give more practical look of the variable speed control system structure, we develop a linear observer to estimate the rotor angular deviation. We use Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) to design the observer gain, as well as the estimation error gain. To facilitate observer design, the system is linearized around its origin by using Jacobian matrix. By using the estimated rotor angular deviation, we design a variable speed control via Lyapunov and Arstein to enhance power output from the turbine.
Implementation of Fuzzy Logic Controller for Wheelchair Motion Control Based on EOG Data
Authors: Mohd Noor Nurul Muthmainnah , Ahmad Salmiah
Published: October 2014

The study of this paper is to implementation the fuzzy logic control designed for wheelchair motion based on the eye movement signals using electrooculograhphy (EOG) technique. This technique is to acquire the eye movement data from a person, for example, tetraplegia. The tetraplegia is paralysis caused by illness or injury to a human that result in the partial or total loss of use of all their limbs and torso. The eye movement data which was obtained can be used as a main communication tool between human and machine. The PD-type fuzzy controller was successfully designed and tested on the wheelchair model, for control the linear motion (focused for forward motion). The wheelchair model was developed using MSC.Visual Nastran 4D. The results obtained show that the PD-type fuzzy logic controller designed has successfully managed to track the input reference for linear motion set by the EOG signal.
Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies on Removal of Binary Metal Ions Using Immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Md Rodzi Nur Khalida Adibah , Faraziehan Senusi , Rasyidah Alrozi
Published: October 2014

In this study, biosorption of copper and zinc ions on Baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae was investigated. The data of batch experiments was used to perform equilibrium and kinetic studies. The experimental results were fitted well to the Langmuir and Freundlich model isotherms. According to the parameters of Langmuir isotherm, the maximum biosorption capacities of copper and zinc ions onto immobilized yeast were 5.408mg/g and 1.479mg/g at 293 Kfor the treated beads. Competitive biosorption of two metal ions was investigated in terms of maximum sorption quantity. The binding capacity for copper ions is more than the zinc ions for both untreated and treated immobilized yeast.While, for the kinetic studies, the pseudo second order model was found the most suitable model for the present systems.
Removal of Binary Metal (Nickel and Lead) Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Natural and Modified Clinoptilolite
Authors: Zuliyana Said , Rasyidah Alrozi , Faraziehan Senusi , Kamaruddin Mohamad Anuar
Published: October 2014

In this study, adsorption of binary metal (Ni(II) and Pb(II)) ions from aqueous solution by using natural (NC), acid-modified (AC) and base-modified (BC) clinoptilolite were investigated to determine the effects of adsorbent dosage, metal solution’s pH and initial metal solution concentration. From the adsorption studies, the optimum dosage of adsorbent was found to be 2.0g for all adsorbents (NC, AC and BC) specifically for removal of Pb(II). In contrast, optimum dosage of for removal of Ni(II) was found to be 2.0g for NC and 4.0g for both AC and BC, respectively. The average pH for Ni(II) and Pb(II) ion solutions were 6. It was further observed that, the percentage removal of Ni(II) was largely influenced by the presence of lead due to the preference of Pb2+ ions by the natural and modified clinoptilolites.
Enhanced Horizontal and Vertical Resolution in 4-D Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Environmental Slope Study in Penang Island
Authors: Bery Andy Anderson , Saad Rosli
Published: October 2014

This paper presents 4-D high resolution electrical resistivity tomography study for slope monitoring using two optimized (modified) arrays of the Wenner-Schlumberger and Pole-Dipole. These optimized resistivity arrays give a total of 2052 number of datum points from each data acquisition set. These two optimized were used because they have more datum points compared to their original arrays. Perhaps these optimized arrays were able to resolve the subsurface structures from surface areas. Inversion results from the computer (mathematical models) suggested that these optimized arrays were able to give in imaging the Earth’s subsurface structures and characterization at different period of time. Furthermore, in this paper, we are presented merging data levels in order to give high resolution in electrical resistivity tomography. Even though the time taken for data acquisition using this technique is twice, the outcome is compromised and reliable which helpful in the Earth’s subsurface interpretation.
Study on Dispersion and Characterization of Functionalized MWCNTs Prepared by Wet Oxidation
Authors: Zaine Intan Syaffinazzilla , Napiah N.A.M. , Mohamad Yusof Azmi , Alias A.N. , Ali A.M.M. , Khalid Siti Hajar
Published: October 2014

The MWCNTs was functionalized by refluxing commercial MWCNTs (a-MWCNTs) in concentrated HNO3/H2SO4 (3:1 v/v) at 100°C for 6 hours. The dispersion of a-MWCNTs and functionalized MWCNTs (f-MWCNTs) were observed after 1 hour sonication in ethanol. Both samples were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy for dispersion behavior. The dried f-MWCNTs and a-MWCNTs were characterized by Raman spectroscopy to estimate the defect level. The morphology of the samples were analyzed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The f-MWCNTs was well dispersed in ethanol within 2 weeks of observations period. The colloidal stability of a-MWCNTs was low as it was easily sediment after 24 hours. The UV-vis spectra of f-MWCNTs show maximum absorbance at 250 nm meanwhile no absorbance was observed for a-MWCNTs. Analysis from Raman spectrum shows that the f-MWCNTs have relative intensity of 1.101 which is higher than a-MWCNTs that have relative intensity of 0.935. The image from TEM revealed that the f-MWCNTs have structural defects and the absence of amorphous carbon on sidewall meanwhile the a-MWCNTs indicate otherwise.
Retrofitting of Single Unit Tunnel Form Building Using Steel Plate under Out-of-Plane Lateral Cyclic Loading
Authors: Anuar Shamilah Anudai , Hamid Nor Hayati , Hashim M.H.
Published: October 2014

A one-third scale single unit of 3-storey tunnel form building with foundation beam was designed, constructed and tested under out-of-plane lateral cyclic loading. This building was designed according to BS8110 with no provision for seismic loading. Tunnel form building was initially tested at ±0.01% , ±0.1%, ±0.25%, ±0.5%, ±0.75%, ±1.00%, ±1.25% and ±1.5% drifts until the structure lost its lateral strength (strength degradation). Then, the specimen was repaired and retrofitted using steel plate and angle which was positioned at the wall-slab joints that had suffered severe damages. A similar drift of displacement before retrofitting was repeated for the specimen after being retrofitted. Visual observation of damages, hysteresis loops, stiffness, ductility and equivalent viscous damping (EVD) of the specimen were analyzed and compared before and after retrofitting. The proposed retrofitting technique has increased its lateral strength by 26%. Fewer cracks occurred after retrofitting the specimen compared to before retrofitting. It can be concluded that steel plate and angle can strengthen the wall-slab joint and this method can be used to retrofit the tunnel form building if it had been damaged caused by earthquake excitations.
Synthesis and Properties of 1,2-Bis[2-Methyl-5-(9,9-Dihexyl-Fluorene)-3-Thienyl]Perfluorocyclopentene
Authors: Ma Le Le , Liu Gang
Published: October 2014

A new symmetrical photochromic diarylethene 1,2-bis [2-methyl-5-(9,9-dihexyl-fluorene)-3-thienyl] perfluorocyclopentene (1o) has been synthesized, and its optoelectronic properties, such as photochromism and the fluorescence spectra of diarylethene 1o in acetonitrile solution was investigated. The maxima absorption of compound closed-ring isomer 1c is 619 nm. The open-ring isomer of the diarylethene 1o exhibited fluorescence at 390 nm. Its fluorescence intensity decreased along with the photochromism from open-ring isomers to closed-ring isomers upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light,The results showed that this compound exhibited reversible photochromism and fluorescent switching in solution after irradiation with UV light and visible light.
Synthesis, Photochromism and Fluorescent Switch of 1-(2-Methyl-1-Benzofuran-3-Yl)-2-(2-Methyl-5-(4-Benzylazide)-3-Thienyl)Perfluorocyclopentene
Authors: Tian Zhao Yan , Cui Shi Qiang , Pu Shou Zhi
Published: October 2014

A photochromic diarylethene of 1-(2-methyl-1-benzofuran-3-yl)-2-(2-methyl-5-(4-benzylazide)-3-thienyl)) perfluorocyclopentene was synthesized and its properties such as photochromism and fluorescence in solution were investigated in detail. The diarylethene has shown good photochromic behavior in solution with alternating irradiation by UV/vis light. Its fluorescence intensity decreased along with the photochromism from open-ring isomers to closed-ring isomers upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light.
The Limy Composite Binder with the Use of the Synthesized Aluminosilicates
Authors: Loganina Valentina Ivanovna , Makarova Ludmila V. , Tarasov Roman V. , Ryzhov Anton D.
Published: October 2014

The information about the structure and properties of the synthesized nanodisperse additive based on the aluminosilicates of calcium, intended for the production of limy dry construction mixes are provided. It is shown that the mineral composition of an additive is presented by crystal types of hydroxides of aluminum (bayerite and boyhmite) and the nanostructured amorphous aluminosilicate of calcium. It is established that the additive based on the aluminosilicates accelerates the process of hardening of limy compositions.
Synthesis and Properties of 1-[2-Methyl-5-(3-Cyanophenyl)-3-Thienyl]-2-[2-Methyl-5-(4-Pentylphenyl)-3-Thienyl]Perfluorocyclopentene
Authors: Zhang Cong Cong , Zhang Xiao Dong , Pu Shou Zhi
Published: October 2014

An unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene which called 1-[2-methyl-5-(3-cyanophenyl)-3-thienyl]-2-[2-methyl-5-(4-pentylphenyl)-3-thienyl] perfluorocyclopentene (1a) was synthesized and its properties such as photochromism and fluorescence were investigated in detail. The results showed that this compound undergo reversible cyclization and cycloreversion reactions upon alternating irradiation with UV and visible light in both solution and a PMMA film.
Applied-Information Technology in Concentration Depth Profile of Multi-Charged Mo Ion Implantation
Authors: Yang Jian Hua , Ma Xing Jian
Published: October 2014

Monte Carlo computer simulations based on the binary collision approximation, TRIDYN program, have been applied to calculate the concentration depth profiles of implanted multi-charged molybdenum ions in H13 steel. The sputtering effect of a high dose ion implantation and influence of multi-charged ions on the concentration depth profile of implanted molybdenum ions can both be considered in the TRIDYN simulation. For the Monte Carlo computer simulation, the chosen pseudo-projectiles are 500000. The chosen extraction voltages are 48kV and 25kV, respectively, and an implantation doses of 5×1017cm-2 to compare the results which have been published related to molybdenum ion implantation. TRIDYN program is better than SRIM program in the calculation of the concentration depth profiles of implanted multi-charged ions. And the calculation result of the TRIDYN program is different from the experiment result. The other factors of affecting the concentration depth profile have also been discussed finally.
Study on Ultrasonic Degradation of Methyl Orange Wastewater by Modified Steel Slag
Authors: Lei Xue Fei , Chen Chen , Li Xing , Xue Xiang Xin , Yang He
Published: October 2014

In this paper, steel slag as the main raw material, modified steel slag adsorbent was prepared using steel slag and the active carbon as the starting materials. The influences of doping substance, the particle size, calcining temperature and doping ratio on the decoloration rate of methyl orange wastewater were investigated. The results showed that the decoloration rate of methyl orange can reach 93.62% when the doping substance was the activated carbon, the particle size was 120 mesh, the calcining temperature was 700°C, the doping ratio was 1:1.
Hydromechanics Study on Lahars of the Erdaobai River Basin, Changbai Mountains, China
Authors: Yang Qing Fu , Ma Han Rui , Zhang Yu
Published: October 2014

Lahars are commonly destructive volcanic hazards on composite volcanoes. Tianchi volcano is a composite volcano with potential lahar hazards threats. We studied the geological characteristics, properties, hydromechanics and genesis of lahars in the Erdaobai River Basin and evaluated their hazards through field geological mapping, maximum grain-size measurement of debris and pumice, and grain–size analysis.
Comparing and Simulation of APF Control Strategies with Time Varying Inductive Load
Authors: Wan Ji Bo , Zhang Li Xia , Wei Zhi Yuan , Kang Wei
Published: October 2014

According to the harmonic with phase controlled rectifying technology producing applied oil deposit, this paper adopts APF (active power filter) to filter out the harmonic. The current hysteresis, triangular wave and SVPWM-three kinds of control strategies are discussed. The filter effecting of three strategies are sketched. Aiming at the drawback, it show that the strategy and method with APF based on switched linear theory. The simulation results show that the filtering effect of switched linear theory is better where harmonic is serious; the trigger angle and harmonic is small, and there is no obvious difference compared with other three strategies. Therefore Linear switches suitable for harmonic suppression, When the impedance change big and triggering angle of rectifier equipment change small.
Dynamic Optimization of Ship Boiler Startup Based on Modelica and JModelica.org
Authors: Zhu Guo Qing , Yang Li , Cheng Gang
Published: October 2014

Apply optimization method to reduce the startup time can improve the maneuverability of vessel and reduce the operation cost of the unit. In this paper, a boiler system model was developed to capture system dynamic and the variety of stress based on the multi-domain modeling language Modelica, then the optimization model was built taking minimize the start-up time as optimization targets, constrained on the thermal and mechanical stress. The optimization process was performed on the platform of JModelica.org, exploiting the direct collocation method. Fuel quantity curve of the start up phase was optimized. Using the optimized fuel quantity curve, the boiler startup time could be reduced without reducing the drum boiler life.
Applied Information Technology in Fault Diagnosis of Marine Lube Oil System Based on Bayesian Network Inference
Authors: Xu Wei , Cheng Gang , Chen Yu Tao , Zeng Fan Ming
Published: October 2014

Aiming at the fault status of lube system in power plant, common faults of the tree stucture in the lube system is established, meanwhile, the bayesian network model for fault state reasoning is constructed and the procedure of bayesian reasoning is analysised deeply in typical state of lube system,a new method is provided to the fault diagnosis fastly.
Design of the High-Speed X-Band Frequency Hopping Source
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Chen Dian Ren
Published: October 2014

In modern communication system, the spacing of channel becomes ever more finely. For communication equipment, it has made ​​high demands on the stability and accuracy of the frequency. Based on DDS technology, combined with the multiplier circuit, we developed a high-speed X-band frequency hopping source. Experimental results show that this frequency source is with excellent frequency stability and low phase noise.
Research on the Circular Polarization Microstrip Array Antenna
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Chen Dian Ren
Published: October 2014

A single array element circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna is analyzed based on the theory of cavity mode. Through studying the design of circularly polarized microstrip antenna array, a 96 elements circularly polarized microstrip antenna array is designed and it is optimized by using the Ansoft's HFSS software. After testing of the antenna, we can see that it provides a gain of 22.6dB and has a good axial ratio.
The Design and Application of Information and Communication Networking Training Needs Analysis Simulation System
Authors: Peng Yong Jun , Zhu Peng Fei
Published: October 2014

Based on the designing of information and communication networking training needs analysis simulation system, this paper studies some key technology about needs analysis simulation system’s and some practical problems during designing, combining with the primary work done by self. At first, based on the summary of the basic concepts of information and communication networking training needs analysis simulation system and domestic and overseas development status, needs analysis simulation system and its modeling, the technique of simulation is studied, and the basic concept and model frame of needs analysis simulation system’s are summarized. In succession, the primary project of simulation training system is demonstrated and designed, including analyzing the requirement of the system function, putting forward the principle of system design, confirming the framework of hardware and software and the configuration of computer, as well as doing some top design on the software system of simulation training such as module partition and function describing.
Applied-Information Technology with Mutil-Agent Cooperation in Education Model Control Engineering
Authors: Ma Jian Hong , Zhang Han , He Bao Feng
Published: October 2014

To meet the demand of school's digitization, informationization, intelligent and practical,the design method of education model system based on Multi-agent is designed.We present the Multi-Agent cooperative processing model combining mobile Agent technology with the communication characteristics and modes of Multi-agent and the implementing technologies is researched in the education model.
Study on the Preparation Process of Photocatalysts by the Acidolysis of High Titanium Slag with Hydrochloric Acid
Authors: Lei Xue Fei , Chen Chen , Li Xing , Xue Xiang Xin , Yang He
Published: October 2014

The paper preliminary studied the photocatalytic efficiency of the filter residue of the acidolysis of high titanium slag (RAHTS) with hydrochloric acid, and explored the photocatalytic efficiency on the acid methyl orange solution under the mercury lamp irradiation. With RAHTS performing as a raw material to react with hydrochloric acid, and then the substance content, nature and catalytic efficiency of the filter residues were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and photocatalytic reaction apparatus. Through the experimental investigation, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency on the methyl orange of the filter residues increased with the acid-sludge ratio, reaction time, reaction temperature, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid. When the temperature was 100°C, the reaction time was 4 h, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid was 6 mol/L, the acid-sludge ratio was 1, the filter residues showed a best photocatalytic degradation efficiency. Under that experimental condition, the degradation rate was as high as 85.1%.
Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of a Monomethine Cyanine
Authors: Wang Cheng Jun , Gong Shan Shan , Sun Qi
Published: October 2014

A new ZrCl4-catalyzed method for the preparation of an asymmetrical benzimidazole derivative has been developed. Further alkylation of the benzimidazole precursor with methyl iodide afforded a new monomethine cyanine derivative. The photophysical evaluation showed that the newly synthesized monomethine cyanine compound was non-fluorescent.
Efficient Synthesis of DiAZT Triphosphate
Authors: Gong Shan Shan , Sun Qi
Published: October 2014

A facile and efficient method for the synthesis ofP1,P3-dizidovudine-5′,5′-triphosphate has been developed. The coupling of zidovudine diphosphate with zidovudine phosphoropiperidate based on the DCI activation of P-N bond afforded the desired product in good yield.
Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized 3-Aminopropanols
Authors: Li Xiao Chuan , Gong Shan Shan , Sun Qi
Published: October 2014

A series of α-aminophosphonate-functionalized 3-aminopropanols have been efficiently prepared and characterized by1H,13C, and31P NMR and mass spectroscopy. The reaction conditions such as solvent and temperature were thoroughly investigated based on the three-component Kabachnik-Fields reaction. The experimental results revealed that moderate elevation of reaction temperature under solvent-free conditions was optimal for the synthesis of these types of compounds without forming the cyclized byproduct.
Preparation of Adenosine-Containing Artificial Dinucleoside Triphosphates
Authors: Xie Zhen Biao , Gong Shan Shan , Sun Qi
Published: October 2014

Two adenosine-containing asymmetrical dinucleoside triphosphates were synthesized via the P(V)–N activation method. The key adenosine 5ʹ-phosphoropiperidate intermediate was obtained by a redox condensation method. The reaction of adenosine phosphoropiperidate with uridine 5ʹ- and cytidine 5ʹ-diphosphates in the presence of 4,5-dicyanoimidazole (DCI) afforded the desired dinucleoside triphosphates in good isolated yields.
The Factors Affecting the Surface Properties of W-Implanted H13 Steel
Authors: Yang Jian Hua , Li Song , Ma Xing Jian
Published: October 2014

The surface properties of W-implanted H13 steel are investigated using pulse multi-charged ion implantation. Computer simulations based on the binary collision approximation, TRIDYN, have been applied to calculate the concentration depth profiles of implanted tungsten ions in H13 steel. The calculated result by TRIDYN program is compared with that from experimental results. The factors affecting the surface properties of W-implanted H13 steel have been discussed. The radiation enhanced diffusion induced by spike is the main factor affecting the concentration depth profile. Compared with single energy ion implantation, the multi-charged ion implantation will make the concentration gradient become small, which is conducive to the formation of a kind of relatively uniform surface structure, and further improve the wear resistance of H13 steel.
Synthesis and Properties of 1-(2-Cyano-1,5-Dimethyl-4-Pyrryl)-2-{2-Methyl-[5-(4-Methylene-Hydroxyl)Phenyl]-3-Thienyl}Perfluorocyclopentene
Authors: Duan Fang , Liu Gang
Published: October 2014

A new asymmetrical photochromic diarylethene 1-(2-cyano-1,5-dimethyl-4-pyrryl)-2-{2-methyl-[5-(4-methylene-hydroxyl) phenyl]-3-thienyl} perflu-orocyclopentene (1o) was synthesized and its photochromic properties were investigated systematically. Upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light, 1o exhibited photochromism in acetonitrile solution and in a PMMA amorphous film. The kinetic experiments showed that the cyclization and cycloreversion processes were zeroth and first order reaction, respectively. In addition, diarylethene 1o also exhibited obvious fluorescence switches along with the photochromism.
Synthesis and Application of 1-[2-Methyl-5-Phenyl-3-Thiophene]-2-[2-Methyl-5-Phenyl-(4-Vinyl)-3-Thiophene]Perfluorocyclopentene
Authors: Fu Ying Long , Li Xue , Liu Gang
Published: October 2014

A new unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene 1-(2-methyl-5-phenyl-3-thiophene)-2-[2-methyl-5-phenyl-(4-vinyl)-3-thiophene] perfluorocyclopentene (1o) has been synthesized, and its photochromic reactivity, fluorescent were also investigated. The results showed this compound exhibited reversible photochromism, undergoing reversible cyclization and cycloreversion reactions upon alternating irradiation with UV and visible light in solution,Diarylethene 1 changed the color from colorless to blue upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light, in which absorption maxima were observed at 596 nm in acetonitrile.
Review on Chloride Penetration of Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Zhu Ping Hua , Tian Bin
Published: October 2014

This paper presents a review of the studies on chloride penetration of recycled aggregate concrete in terms of its main factors. These factors include quality and replacement ratio of recycled concrete aggregate, mineral admixtures, water-binder ratio, type and level of load and curing mechanisms. Further, some key issues for future research are put up.
Preparation and Mixture Ratio Design of Foam Concrete with Lightweight Tailings
Authors: Qin Hong Gen , Geng Shuai Shuai , Pang Chao Ming , Tao You Hua
Published: October 2014

In this paper, the preparation technology and improved the mixture ratio design method of foam concrete with lightweight tailings have been studied. Based on the review, the following research needs have been identified: (i) to calculate the amount of lightweight tailings by the binder materials content, (ii) to calculate additional water by the water absorption of lightweight tailings saturated surface dry condition, (iii) to calculate foam stabilizer content by the weight of foaming agent. Foam should be measured by volume. By testing the wet density of foam concrete paste to accurately control the amount of foam. The foam concrete mixed with a certain amount of lightweight tailings not only can significantly reduce the content of cement, reduce cost, but also can improve the performance of foam concrete.
The Test Research on Non-Destructive Concrete （Gravel） Strength Survey of Rebound Method Based on SVM
Authors: Meng Fan Shen , Cheng Zhi Qian , Hou Lin Feng
Published: October 2014

The SVM has been used for the test study on non-destructive concrete （gravel） strength survey by rebound method. Through test data processing, the parameter assessment model has been determined in the paper; and also has predicted its confidence. It will be more suited to the characteristics of the concrete randomness. A comparative study with conventional regression method has also been gotten. The paper provides a viable and effective ways for concrete non-destructive measurement strength technology.
Mechanical Properties and Permeability of Previous Color Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Zhu Ping Hua , Zhang Xin Xin
Published: October 2014

Experimental study was carried out on compressive cube strength, flexural strength and permeability coefficient of color permeable concrete using concrete waste as coarse recycled aggregate. The results show that watercement ratio has significant effect on compressive cube strength, flexural strength and permeability coefficient of color permeable recycled aggregate concrete (RAC).The flexural strength of RAC is improved by polypropylene fiber. The content of pigment from 5% to 10% has no impact on mechanical properties and permeability of RAC.
Finite Element Analysis of Coating Interface Stress Field of Laser Cladding CBN Coating on Titanium Alloy
Authors: Zhao Shu Guo , Cheng Cheng , Li Cheng Long
Published: October 2014

Laser cladding technology is used to prepare TC11 titanium alloy surface coated CBN. Through the finite element method to simulate the movement of scratch experiment. When coating is under normal force and tangential force, through changing the thickness of the layers , the coating crack length and width of crack, coating in force is analyzed when the interface stress affects on coating.Simulations that the interface stress value of 0.2mm coating reach to 1.485Gpa, The interface stress value of 0.5mm crack length reach to 0.3707Gpa, The interface stress value of 0.06mm crack width reach to 0.2234Gpa.
Wear Behaviors of PCBN Tools in Interrupted Turning Hardened Steel with Tool’s Chamfer Angle and Edge Preparation Considered
Authors: Li Yong , Kou Zi Li , Liu Shen Zhuo , Zhang Rui , Liu Ping Ping , Liu Fang Ming , Yin Wen Wen , Yin Shuai , Zou Jian Lai
Published: October 2014

The performance and wear mechanisms of one type of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) cutting tool with two different cutting edge micro geometries (marked as PCBN 169T and PCBN 169S) have been investigated in this paper. Interrupted turning of round GCr15 steel has been selected as the test method. The experimental results indicate that PCBN 169S has a greater thermal wear resistance than PCBN 169T at high cutting speeds. It is believed that edge preparation can shorten or eliminate the initiative wearing stage, improve the impact resistance, reduce the occurrence of chipping or dilapidation, and extend tool life. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate wear mechanisms of PCBN tools. Our results show that the dominant wear mechanisms for PCBN 169T and PCBN 169S are mechanical and chemical wear.
Target Curve Setting Model for Automatic Flatness Control on Stand 5 of 2180 mm Tandem Cold Rolling Mill
Authors: Yang Guang Hui , Cao Jian Guo , Zhang Jie , Li Hong Bo , Zheng Jie
Published: October 2014

Based on the theory of target curve, a method of improving flatness target curve is proposed. The transverse temperature distributions of strip are measured and described with a biquadratic expression, and the statistics method is used to analyze the temperature distributions. Finally, the additional temperature stress compensation is calculated to improve the strip shape.
Synthesis of Composite TiO2/Natural Cotton Cellulose Nanofiber with Photocatalytic Property
Authors: Liu Qiu Yan , Li Jing , Cao Jun , Li Chao Rong
Published: October 2014

TiO2/NCCN nanocomposites have been prepared by sol-gel and hydrothermal methods. Firstly, the NCCN was prepared by electrospinning technology, then the amorphous TiO2films were coated on the surface of the NCCN by a sol-gel method, and TiO2(anatase structure) nanoparticles could be fixed on the surface of NCCN by a hydrothermal method to get higher photocatalysis efficiency. The photocatalytic activities indicate that the TiO2/NCCN nanocomposites exhibited a good photocatalytic activity for photodegradation of methylthionine chloride (MO) solution under UV light irradiation, leading to an important application in photodegradation of organic pollutant.
Phosphorus Speciation and Vertical Variation in Sediments from Lake Baihua
Authors: Jia Miao , Hu Ji Wei , Huang Xian Fei , Li Zhi Bin , Lin Yi Miao , Li Ling Yun
Published: October 2014

This paper reports a study on vertical distribution characteristics of phosphorus speciation in samples collected at four sites from Baihua Lake, based on the Standards, Measurements and Testing (SMT) programme. In this study, the total phosphorus (TP) concentrations of these sediments samples varied from 944.86 to 2591.56 mg/kg and inorganic phosphorus (IP) was the main phosphorus fraction. For this heavily contaminated sediment, the IP mainly consisted of the Fe/Al-P. The vertical variation of the phosphorus had a tendency to decrease with the depth at sites JYS and YPZ. Since the concentrations of the TP in sediments were high and the phosphorus release potential and bioavailability were significant, the lake is still facing an ecological risk.
Determine the Moisture Distribution in Sewage Sludge by Drying Differential
Authors: Yu Wan , Li Pei Sheng
Published: October 2014

Moisture distribution in sewage sludge was considered as the essential of thermal drying. Some methods were given in literatures to test the moisture distribution, but there was no standard method to determine the critical water content between different kinds of water. The municipal sewage sludge was dried by hot air in this work. Based on the drying curve, the derivative of drying rate with respect to dry basis moisture content was brought out to analyze the moisture distribution in sewage sludge. Results show that this method can easily determine the free water, interstitial water, surface water and bound water with a high accuracy. The present work can provide new insight to determine the moisture distribution in sewage sludge, which was still lacking in the literatures.
Source of Heavy Metals in Sludge of Huoshaogou Wetland Park in Xining
Authors: Zhang Yu , Chang Hua Jin , Liu Hong Zhou
Published: October 2014

Heavy metals (including As, Cd, Pb, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu and Zn) concentration analysis for soil samples from Westhill (near Huoshaogou) and source assessment of heavy metals in sludge from Huoshaogou wetland park in Xining city (China) have been carried out. Results show that Cd, Pb, Cr and Zn concentrations in the surface soil are much higher than that in the unpolluted soil from Westhill, and Cr concentration in the sludge from Huoshaogou wetland reaches 12 times and 6 times more than that in the unpolluted and in the surface soils from Westhill, respectively. The results reveal that descent of dust contributed Cd, Pb, Cr and Zn to the wetland, and wastewater mainly contributed Cr to the wetland. In order to protect the environment, human activities and heavy metal discharge should be limited effectively.
Section Turbulent Distribution of the Stratified Shear Flow in the Braided River
Authors: Gu Li , Yuan Hang , Li Qiu Lan , Jiao Zi Nan , Wang Lan Lan
Published: October 2014

The turbulent characteristics of stratified shear flow in braided rivers with different velocities in upper and lower layers are not clear at present. The physical model of a typical braided river was conducted to study its sectional turbulence intensity distribution. The model has a mid-bar between two symmetrical anabranches. The transverse distribution, the vertical distribution and the whole section distribution of turbulent intensity were analyzed. The strong turbulent intensity occurred in the interface of upper and lower layers and the boundary zone of the high velocity and low velocity near outer bank. As the flow moved downstream, the strong area of turbulent intensity had a trend moving from the outer bank to the inner bank, and then the turbulent intensity decreased and mixed uniformly.
Distribution and Pollution Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediment in Yellow River Estuary and the Adjacent Sea Area
Authors: Jia Hong Li , Sun Kai Jing , Zhang Juan , Luo Xian Xiang
Published: October 2014

Based on the data obtained from the study of the sediment soil sample in Yellow River Estuary and adjacent sea area in May 2011, this study analyzes the distribution characteristics of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, As) in sediments, and evaluate their pollution levels. Results show that the distribution of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in sediment is in low level and with a quite similar distribution feature. As the two most polluted elements in sediment, the content of Hg is a little lower than As. The heavy metal pollution assessment result shows that: in over half sampling stations, the content of heavy metal exceeds the historical reference value, classified as moderate pollution. Therefore, the potential ecological risk of heavy metals in Yellow River Estuary should be given enough attention.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange by Cu2O-MoO3
Authors: Huang Tao , Xu Yu Lin , Lv Chong An , Yang Shui Jin
Published: October 2014

Cu2O-MoO3 composites has been successfully fabricated by solution-phase reducing method at room temperature. All the powders were characterized by X-rays diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and explored the catalytic activity for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange. The effect of different factors on the degradation was investigated. The best reaction conditions were found out. The results demonstrated that initial concentration of methyl orange is 5 mg/L, the pH is 4, the catalyst dosage is 0.38 g/L and the H2O2 is 1.8 mL, the degradation rate of methyl orange is as high as 95.4% after 30 minutes simulated natural light irradiation.
Fixed-Bed Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions by Porous Starch
Authors: Wang Jia Jia , Huang Hui , Wang Jun Wei , Tao Shi Ying
Published: October 2014

Porous starch was prepared by replacing ice crystals in frozen starch gel with ethanol using a solvent exchange method. Porous starch was packed in a laboratory scale fixed-bed column to continuous remove Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solution through adsorption. The effects of bed height, feed flow rate and initial MB concentration on the breakthrough time were investigated. The breakthrough time decreased with increase in the flow rate and initial MB concentration, and also varied with the change in bed height. Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) model was used to determine the column kinetic parameters, and showed good agreement with the experimental data.
Microbial Properties and Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Contaminated Farmland Soil with Bioremediation
Authors: Wang Hong , Li Hai Bo , Wang Xin , Ma Ji Fu
Published: October 2014

Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and microbial quantity were investigated in aged PAHs-contaminated soil in a pot experiment with regrass and alfalfa. After 60 days germination the concentration of total PAHs in soil decreased by 37.57% and 38.41% with the treatment of ryegrass-microbe agent and alfalfa-microbe agent. The processes of ryegrass and alfalfa were 18.72% and 19.34%. The root system promoted the quantity of microbe and the microbial agent was benefit for the PAHs degrading microbe. And there was significant positive correlation between the number of PAHs degrading microorganisms and the removal rate of PAHs in the soil.
Growth and Physiological Effects of Model Acid Rain and Lead Contamination to Tall Fescue Seedlings
Authors: Liu Hui Qin , Shen Gao Feng , Liu Yi , Xu Qin , Liu Hui Ping , Han Ju Cai
Published: October 2014

In order to explore phytoremediation and physiological effect of plant to heavy metal, physiological and biochemical changes of tall fescue seedlings were comparatively analyzed when they were contaminated by lead at different times and concentrations. The results showed that: At three lead concentrations, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity in tall fescue increased initially and then decreased overall with stress times. Change of POD is slower. It indicated that lead can rapid induce tall fescue protecting enzyme activity at low concentrations or in a short period. Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were positively correlated with stress time and stress concentrations, which indicated that with the increase of stress concentration and time, membrane lipid peroxidation strengthen. Changes of chlorophyll total concentration increased first and then decreased at low concentration (500 and 1000 mg·L-1), and continued to decline at high concentration. It indicated tall fescue may adapt low lead stress by increasing chlorophyll to, and lose regulation at high concentrations.Proline content decreased initially and then increased with time at 500,1000 mg·L-1, however, it was opposite at 1500 mg·L-1. They were higher than controls, indicating that osmotic adjustment ability enhanced after lead stress. Changes of soluble sugar content were down - up - down with times at three concentrations, eventually they reduced significantly. Therefore, in the process of lead stress, changes of physiological characteristics in tall fescue showed their actively adapt and resistance at low stress, and tolerance and injury at high stress.