bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategi Meningkatkan Kapasitas Mahasiswa dalam Berorganisasi
Authors: Sahdan Sahdan
Published: August 2023

The increase in population accompanied by the weak competence of university graduates has caused the unemployment rate in Indonesia to increase quite significantly. This of course requires students as the nation's next generation to have superior competence to contribute to bringing about a change, therefore it is necessary to increase the capacity of students in order to prepare themselves as the hope for the nation in the future. Student organizations are a place that is able to develop students' capacity to be better, through participation in organizations, students can develop the competencies that exist in themselves. This study aims to analyze the capacity building that students have when they participate in an organization. The method used in this study is qualitative with a descriptive analysis approach. This research was conducted at the Islamic Education Management Student Association as one of the intra-campus student organizations. The results of the study show that students who are actively involved in organizations have superior competence compared to students who are only active in the academic field. In the process students can develop some of the competencies they have within the organization including: (1) practicing Critical Thinking skills (2) Building student Character (3) Increasing Solidarity and (4) Practicing Leadership skills
Juegos tradicionales en el aprovechamiento del tiempo libre de estudiantes de bachillerato
Authors: Tenezaca Guamán Jonathan Estuardo , Hidalgo Cajo Diego Patricio , Cando Brito Janeth Karolina , Quinzo Maliza Silvia Georgina , Paña Soldado Hector Galo , Cando Chafla María Josefa
Published: August 2023

El presente trabajo de investigación efectúa un análisis de los juegos tradicionales en el aprovechamiento del tiempo libre de 70 estudiantes de segundo de bachillerato paralelos A(20), B(24), C(26) de la Unidad Educativa Nicanor Larrea de Riobamba, con el objetivo de rescatar varios juegos populares y tradicionales que hoy en día se practican con menor frecuencia, para el desarrollo del estudio se aplica una metodología con un enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo puesto que integra datos numéricos estadísticos y cualidades de los juegos, con respecto al tipo de investigación es exploratorio y Cuasi experimental. Para obtener información relevante y dar cumplimiento a cada uno de los objetivos se aplica una encuesta, la misma que contiene 15 preguntas respecto al tema, los resultados de la encuesta muestran que en la actualidad los estudiantes ya no practican ciertos juegos tradicionales, ellos prefieren dedicar su tiempo libre a las actividades sedentarias relacionadas con el uso de internet, videojuegos y televisión. Considerando todos estos aspectos, se plantea una guía de juegos tradicionales, en la que se detallan varias actividades que permiten a los estudiantes salir de su zona de confort y aprovechar su tiempo libre, contribuyendo a mejorar la salud física, mental y sobre todo a prevenir ciertas enfermedades. Finalmente, se concluye que es necesario la difusión de juegos tradicionales en la institución tomando en cuenta la adecuación de ciertos espacios que generen un bienestar a los estudiantes, se recomienda una introducción progresiva de los juegos tradicionales en el espacio educativo de los estudiantes, la ejecución de la guía y la socialización con todo el personal que forma parte de la institución.
L’imaginaire du dodécaphonisme sériel. Du « Docteur Faustus » au début du XXIe siècle
Authors: Corvez Stewen
Published: August 2023

Dans son roman Le Docteur Faustus, Thomas Mann associe le diable à l’invention du dodécaphonisme sériel par le biais d’un compositeur fictif, Adrian Leverkühn. Arnold Schönberg, inventeur réel de cette technique de composition, a craint que cette fiction ne prenne le pas sur la réalité. Si aujourd’hui la paternité de ce dernier ne laisse plus place au doute, certains discours laissent à penser que l’association entre le diable et le dodécaphonisme sériel déborde encore du cadre fictionnel.
L’album-concept metal pour donner forme au chaos? Anthologie, geste, épopée
Authors: Migeon-Lambert Camille
Published: August 2023

Un rapide rappel des traits définitoires du genre metal nous permet de poser l’existence, dans cette musique, de trois catégories distinctes d’albums-concept : anthologie, geste, épopée. Leur examen nous amène à nous demander si ce format particulier d’album a pour vocation de dérégler, par le truchement intermédial, ce qui avait forme et légitimité, ou, au contraire, de mettre de l’ordre dans le chaos d’une musique extrême.
Déclin de la végétation aquatique submergée au lac Saint-Pierre de 2002 à 2021
Authors: Laporte Martin , Gagnon Marie-Josée , Bégin Paschale Noël , Brodeur Philippe , Paquin Émilie , Mainguy Julien , Mingelbier Marc , Côté Chantal , Lecomte Frédéric , Beauvais Conrad , Taranu Zofia E. , Paradis Yves , Pouliot Rémy
Published: August 2023

La végétation aquatique submergée (VAS) joue plusieurs rôles écologiques cruciaux et offre des services écosystémiques inestimables aux sociétés humaines. Cependant, une tendance mondiale montre un déclin de la VAS, généralement causé par la hausse des matières en suspension et des nutriments dans l’eau. L’étude de la VAS du lac Saint-Pierre de 2002 à 2021 a permis de documenter l’occurrence et la composition en espèces de cette végétation. La probabilité d’observer de la VAS aux différentes stations d’échantillonnage est passée de 75 % en 2002 à 20 % en 2021. Ce déclin de la VAS est accompagné d’un changement de composition de la communauté végétale principalement attribuable à la diminution de la vallisnérie d’Amérique (Vallisneria americana). Un potentiel refuge photique associé à la masse d’eau translucide des Grands Lacs supporterait le développement de la VAS dans le lac Saint-Pierre. Toute intervention réduisant la dispersion de cette masse d’eau dans le lac Saint-Pierre devrait être évitée. Des actions de gestion visant l’amélioration de la qualité de l’eau du lac Saint-Pierre et ses tributaires, en réduisant notamment la turbidité, sont nécessaires afin de protéger et de restaurer cette réserve mondiale de la biosphère de l’UNESCO.
Balancing true and false detection of intermittent sensory targets by adjusting the inputs to the evidence accumulation process
Authors: Geuzebroek Anna C , Craddock Hannah , O'Connell Redmond G , Kelly Simon P
Published: August 2023

Decisions about noisy stimuli are widely understood to be made by accumulating evidence up to a decision bound that can be adjusted according to task demands. However, relatively little is known about how such mechanisms operate in continuous monitoring contexts requiring intermittent target detection. Here, we examined neural decision processes underlying detection of 1 s coherence targets within continuous random dot motion, and how they are adjusted across contexts with weak, strong, or randomly mixed weak/strong targets. Our prediction was that decision bounds would be set lower when weak targets are more prevalent. Behavioural hit and false alarm rate patterns were consistent with this, and were well captured by a bound-adjustable leaky accumulator model. However, beta-band EEG signatures of motor preparation contradicted this, instead indicating lower bounds in the strong-target context. We thus tested two alternative models in which decision-bound dynamics were constrained directly by beta measurements, respectively, featuring leaky accumulation with adjustable leak, and non-leaky accumulation of evidence referenced to an adjustable sensory-level criterion. We found that the latter model best explained both behaviour and neural dynamics, highlighting novel means of decision policy regulation and the value of neurally informed modelling.
A local ATR-dependent checkpoint pathway is activated by a site-specific replication fork block in human cells
Authors: Ahmed-Seghir Sana , Jalan Manisha , Grimsley Helen E , Sharma Aman , Twayana Shyam , Kosiyatrakul Settapong T , Thompson Christopher , Schildkraut Carl L , Powell Simon N
Published: August 2023

When replication forks encounter DNA lesions that cause polymerase stalling, a checkpoint pathway is activated. The ATR-dependent intra-S checkpoint pathway mediates detection and processing of sites of replication fork stalling to maintain genomic integrity. Several factors involved in the global checkpoint pathway have been identified, but the response to a single replication fork barrier (RFB) is poorly understood. We utilized the Escherichia coli-based Tus-Ter system in human MCF7 cells and showed that the Tus protein binding to TerB sequences creates an efficient site-specific RFB. The single fork RFB was sufficient to activate a local, but not global, ATR-dependent checkpoint response that leads to phosphorylation and accumulation of DNA damage sensor protein γH2AX, confined locally to within a kilobase of the site of stalling. These data support a model of local management of fork stalling, which allows global replication at sites other than the RFB to continue to progress without delay.
Object-oriented building extraction based on visual attention mechanism
Authors: Shen Xiaole , Yu Chen , Lin Lin , Cao Jinzhou
Published: August 2023

Buildings, which play an important role in the daily lives of humans, are a significant indicator of urban development. Currently, automatic building extraction from high-resolution remote sensing images (RSI) has become an important means in urban studies, such as urban sprawl, urban planning, urban heat island effect, population estimation and damage evaluation. In this article, we propose a building extraction method that combines bottom-up RSI low-level feature extraction with top-down guidance from prior knowledge. In high-resolution RSI, buildings usually have high intensity, strong edges and clear textures. To generate primary features, we propose a feature space transform method that consider building. We propose an object oriented method for high-resolution RSI shadow extraction. Our method achieves user accuracy and producer accuracy above 95% for the extraction results of the experimental images. The overall accuracy is above 97%, and the quantity error is below 1%. Compared with the traditional method, our method has better performance on all the indicators, and the experiments prove the effectiveness of the method.
A multi-sensor array for detecting and analyzing nocturnal avian migration
Authors: Strand Alva I. , Bridge Eli S. , Kelly Jeffrey F. , Stepanian Phillip M. , Bodine David J. , Soto James R.
Published: August 2023

Avian migration has fascinated humans for centuries. Insights into the lives of migrant birds are often elusive; however, recent, standalone technological innovations have revolutionized our understanding of this complex biological phenomenon. A future challenge for following these highly mobile animals is the necessity of bringing multiple technologies together to capture a more complete understanding of their movements. Here, we designed a proof-of-concept multi-sensor array consisting of two weather surveillance radars (WSRs), one local and one regional, an autonomous moon-watching sensor capable of detecting birds flying in front of the moon, and an autonomous recording unit (ARU) capable of recording avian nocturnal flight calls. We deployed this array at a field site in central Oklahoma on select nights in March, April, and May of 2021 and integrated data from this array with wind data corresponding to this site to examine the influence of wind on the movements of spring migrants aloft across these spring nights. We found that regional avian migration intensity is statistically significantly negatively correlated with wind velocity, in line with previous research. Furthermore, we found evidence suggesting that when faced with strong, southerly winds, migrants take advantage of these conditions by adjusting their flight direction by drifting. Importantly, we found that most of the migration intensities detected by the sensors were intercorrelated, except when this correlation could not be ascertained because we lacked the sample size to do so. This study demonstrates the potential for multi-sensor arrays to reveal the detailed ways in which avian migrants move in response to changing atmospheric conditions while in flight.
Fishery-based adaption to climate change: the case of migratory species flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) in Taiwan Strait, Northwestern Pacific
Authors: Lee Ming An , Mondal Sandipan , Teng Sheng-Yuan , Nguyen Manh-Linh , Lin Platinasoka , Wu Jun-Hong , Mondal Biraj Kanti
Published: August 2023

The flathead gray mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) is a cosmopolitan fish that lives in warm and temperate zones over 42°N–42°S. It is a key fish species for industrial fishing off coastal Taiwan. Gray mullets enter the coastal waters of the southeastern Taiwan Strait (22°N–25°N) to spawn in winter and feed in the coastal and tidal waters of China (25°N–30°N). From 1986 to 2010, the annual catch of gray mullet decreased substantially and remained low. Although the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation are recognized to affect gray mullet migration, the increase in sea surface temperature may be the main cause of the aforementioned decrease. We explored how weather changes affect fishing conditions and patterns at the gray mullet fishing grounds in Taiwan’s coastal areas. Because of the decrease in gray mullet catches, the most common method for catching gray mullet in Taiwan’s coastal areas between 1990 and 2010 was the use of drift or trawl nets instead of two-boat purse-seiner fleets. Since 2012, purse-seiner fleets have become the most common method for catching gray mullet. This trend indicates that the local fishing industry is adapting to changing environmental conditions.
Developing bottom drifters to better understand the stranding locations of cold-stunned sea turtles in Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts
Authors: Page Felicia M. , Manning James , Howard Lesley , Healey Ryan , Karraker Nancy E.
Published: August 2023

Every fall, juvenile sea turtles in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean are threatened by rapidly declining water temperatures. When sea turtles become hypothermic, or cold-stunned, they lose mobility—either at the surface, subsurface, or the bottom of the water column—and eventually strand at the shoreline where rescue teams associated with the Sea Turtle Stranding and Salvage Network may search for them. Understanding the effects of ocean currents on the potential stranding locations of cold-stunned sea turtles is essential to better understand stranding hotspots and increase the probability of successful discovery and recovery of turtles before they die in the cold temperatures. Traditional oceanographic drifters—instruments used to track currents—have been used to examine relationships between current and stranding locations in Cape Cod Bay, but these drifters are not representative of sea turtle morphology and do not assess how bottom currents affect stranding locations. To address these knowledge gaps, we designed new drifters that represent the shape and dimensions of sea turtles—one that can float at the surface and one that sinks to the bottom—to track both surface and bottom currents in Cape Cod Bay. We found a marked difference between the trajectories of our new drifter models and those that were previously used for similar research. These findings bring us one step closer to identifying the transport pathways for cold-stunned sea turtles and optimizing cold-stunned sea turtle search and rescue efforts in Cape Cod.
Ethnobotanical Survey on Awareness of Medicinal Plants Used for Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection in Biharamulo District: Tanzania
Authors: Paschal Frenk B. , Mwega Elisa D. , Bakari Gaymary G.
Published: August 2023

Introduction: In struggles to overcome a catastrophic disaster of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), many researchers are interested with safe and active medicinal plants. Kagera region is famous for uses of traditional medicines (TMs).
Aim: This study aimed to identify medicinal plants used for treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI) in Biharamulo district, Tanzania.
Methodology: To assess awareness of communities on UTI and its TMs, semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 400 respondents during ethnobotanical survey conducted in Biharamulo district at Kagera region. UTI medicinal plants were identified and collected. Data were analysed by using Chi-square test in SPSS version 16. Awareness of participants were justified at the statistical significance difference of p-values < 0.05.
Results: The present study revealed that participants had awareness on UTI and its medicinal plants, because they identified clinical signs (85.2%), mode of transmissions and aetiologies (41%), UTI medicinal plants (99.5%) and used herbs to treat UTI (92.8%). Out of 42 medicinal plants identified for treating UTI, 29 (69%) of them had complementary ethno-medical claims or constituted active antimicrobial phytochemicals or pharmacologically proven for treating UTI and related microbial infections in literatures. The 29 medicinal plants belonged in 20 families where by the dominant were Myrtaceae, Leguminosae and Lamiaceae. Therapeutically, S. guineense, S. cordatum, C. citrinus, T. mollis, T. sercea, X. caffra, A. muricata, P. granatum, and J. mimosifolia were documented by the present study to be medicinal plants which elicit strong antimicrobial activities against UTI microbes.
Conclusion: Findings from this study concurred with the previous ones for Biharamulo societies to have awareness on UTI and its phytomedicines. Research’s outcomes accentuate antimicrobial efficacies of the selected medicinal plants for treating UTI as claimed by traditional healers, significantly supported their uses and provided directions for further discovery of new UTI drugs.
Periodic, Transition and Escape Trajectories for 3D-Kepler 2-Body Problem of Classical Electrodynamics
Authors: Angelov Vasil G.
Published: August 2023

In a previous paper we studied the Kepler problem for the extended Synge’s 2-body problem of classical electrodynamics. We have used the radiation terms introduced in our previous papers and prove an existence–uniqueness of a periodic orbit in polar coordinates which confirmed the Bohr's hypothesis of the existence of the stationary states in the frame of classical electrodynamics. Our main aim here is to show the existence of trajectories of transition оf the particle orbiting the nucleus from one stationary state to another excited state. We also prove the existence of escape trajectories. This is made by a choice of suitable function space and applying fixed point method.
Refazendo cidades africanas
Authors: Simone AbdouMaliq
Published: August 2023

Este artigo apresenta o livro de 2004 For the City Yet to Come: Changing African Life in Four Cities, de autoria de AbdouMaliq Simone, que se dedica há mais de vinte anos ao estudo das cidades africanas como ativista, professor, pesquisador e assessor de ONGs e governos locais. O autor mostra-nos as nuances, obscuridades e criatividades por detrás da vida urbana das várias Áfricas e elabora uma análise crítica ao sofrimento e injustiças da vida urbana. Simone contesta a visão convencional de “cidades falhadas”, argumentando que a compreensão dos centros urbanos em África passa por conhecer as origens históricas de cada cidade em particular e, não menos importante, também conhecer de perto os saberes locais, que são fortemente imbuídos na cultura, que se refletem nos sistemas sociais, econômicos e políticos “informais” que dão vida e forma às cidades (Por não haver resumo no texto original, este foi feito pelos editores).
Bis‐Olefin Based Crystalline Schlenk Hydrocarbon Diradicals with a Triplet Ground State
Authors: Saha Priyanka , Chrysochos Nicolas , Elvers Benedict J. , Pätsch Sebastian , Uddin Sk Imraj , Krummenacher Ivo , Nandeshwar Muneshwar , Mishra Anshika , Raman Karthik V. , Rajaraman Gopalan , Prabusankar Ganesan , Braunschweig Holger , Ravat Prince , Schulzke Carola , Jana Anukul
Published: August 2023

A modular approach for the synthesis of isolable crystalline Schlenk hydrocarbon diradicals from m‐phenylene bridged electron‐rich bis‐triazaalkenes as synthons is reported. EPR spectroscopy confirms their diradical nature and triplet electronic structure by revealing a half‐field signal. A computational analysis confirms the triplet state to be the ground state. As a proof‐of‐principle for the modular methodology, the 4,6‐dimethyl‐m‐phenylene was further utilized as a coupling unit between two alkene motifs. The steric conjunction of the 4,6‐dimethyl groups substantially twists the substituents at the nonbonding electron bearing centers relative to the central coupling m‐phenylene motif. As a result, the spin delocalization is decreased and the exchange coupling between the two unpaired spins, hence, significantly reduced. Notably, 108 years after Schlenk's m‐phenylene‐bis(diphenylmethyl) synthesis as a diradical, for the first time we were able to isolate its derivative with the same spacer, i.e. m‐phenylene, between two radical centers in a crystalline form.
Katalytische Untersuchungen an Metallchlorid‐Graphiteinlagerungsverbindungen
Authors: Stumpp E. , Rüdorff W.
Published: August 2023

Untersuchungen der durch Graphit und Metallchlorid‐Graphitverbindungen katalysierten Reaktion H2 + Br2 = 2 HBr haben für die Aktivierungsenergie an Graphit einen Wert von 12–13 kcal, an InCl3‐Graphit von 26 kcal und an CdCl2‐Graphit von 30 kcal ergeben. Die HBr‐Bildung an Graphit wird als Akzeptorreaktion gedeutet, deren Aktivierungsenergie größer wird, wenn das Leitfähigkeitsband des Graphits durch die Akzeptorwirkung des eingelagerten Metallchlorids an Elektronen verarmt. Aus magnetischen Messungen an Metallchlorid‐Graphitverbindungen folgt jedoch, daß diese Akzeptorwirkung des eingelagerten Metallchlorids nicht so weit geht, daß es zu einem vollständigen Elektronenübergang vom Graphit zu den Metallkationen unter Reduktion der letzteren kommt. Die Bindung in den Metallchlorid‐Graphiteinlagerungsverbindungen kann als interlamellare Chemisorption beschrieben werden.
Kinetik des Methanzerfalls an heißen Oberflächen bei niedrigen Drucken
Authors: Garbe S. , Hörster H.
Published: August 2023

Der Zerfall des Methans an heißen Oberflächen wurde bei Drucken von 10−2 bis 10−9 Torr nach zwei verschiedenen Methoden gemessen. Im Temperaturgebiet von 1070 °K bis 2900°K ergeben die erhaltenen Stoßausbeuten eine Aktivierungsenergie von 18,1 kcal/mol, die mit der Wärmetönung der Bruttoreaktionen CH4(g) → C(f) + 2H2(g) von 18,4 kcal/mol übereinstimmt.

Die Stoßausbeuten sind im untersuchten Druckbereich nur von der Temperatur, jedoch nicht von der Art der Materialien abhängig.
Folgeerscheinungen der Glühung einiger austenitischer Legierungen in aufkohlenden Gasen
Authors: Pfeiffer Harald , Sommer Georg
Published: August 2023

Es wird über das Verhalten von Nickel‐Chrom‐ und Nickel‐Chrom‐Eisen‐Legierungen bei hohen Temperaturen in Kohlenoxyd‐Wasserstoff‐Gasgemischen berichtet. Unter den gewählten Versuchsbedingungen ergibt sich eine durch Kohlenstoffaufnahme verursachte Schmelzpunktserniedrigung von nahezu 200°C. Ferner wird auf die Bedeutung des spektralen Emissionsvermögens für die pyrometrische Temperaturmessung und seine Abhängigkeit von der Oberflächenbeschaffenheit des untersuchten Materials hingewiesen. In Glühatmosphären mit sehr niedrigem Gehalt an oxydierenden Gasen ist die Differenz zwischen der wahren und der pyrometrisch gemessenen schwarzen Temperatur besonders hoch; sie beträgt im vorliegenden Fall mehr als 100°C.
Isothermer Zerfall von Limonit (Eisenoxydhydrat) und sein Einfluß auf spezifische Oberfläche und Reduktionsgeschwindigkeit in H2
Authors: Ilschner B. , Subat G.
Published: August 2023

Der Zerfall von limonithaltigem Goa‐Erz wird in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur und Zeit sowie im Zusammenhang mit der spezifischen Oberfläche untersucht. Die Zerfallsgeschwindigkeit hat unterhalb 350°C eine starke, darüber eine schwache Temperaturabhängigkeit; der Verlauf der spezifischen Oberfläche erfährt bei dieser Temperatur eine charakteristische Änderung. Die unterschiedliche Temperaturabhängigkeit wird thermodynamisch und kinetisch diskutiert. Für die Abnahme der spezifischen Oberfläche bei höheren Temperaturen wird die zunehmende Kristallisation des durch den Zerfall entstehenden hochporösen Oxyds verantwortlich gemacht.

Aus den Reduktionsversuchen mit Wasserstoff der bei verschiedenen Temperaturen vorbehandelten Proben geht hervor, daß mehrere Einflüsse, die zum Teil gegeneinanderwirken, sich auf die Reduktionsgeschwindigkeit bemerkbar machen. Dabei ist die durch thermische Vorbehandlung erreichbare Ausgangsoberfläche, die um einen Faktor von 5 bis 6 vergrößert werden kann, nur von geringer Bedeutung.
Messung von Wachstumsgeschwindigkeiten bei der Kristallisation aus dem Dampf
Authors: Heyer H.
Published: August 2023

Die Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit einzelner Flächen von Hexamethylentetramin‐ und Arsenolith‐Kristallen wurde für verschiedene Temperaturen und Übersättigungen bestimmt.

Bei beiden Substanzen können beim Wachstum mit konstanter Übersättigung zwei Wachstumsstadien unterschieden werden: Ein anfängliches ungestörtes Wachstum mit relativ geringen Wachstumsgeschwindigkeiten und ein sich anschließendes gestörtes Wachstum mit deutlich erhöhter Geschwindigkeit.

Die für die ungestört wachsenden Flächen beobachtete Abhängigkeit der Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit vom Quadrat der Übersättigung läßt sich nach den bisherigen theoretischen Ansätzen für das Realkristallwachstum als ein durch die Oberflächendiffusion bestimmter Vorgang deuten. Der für die gestört wachsenden Flächen gefundene lineare Zusammenhang kann entsprechend als stoßzahlabhängiges Wachstum erklärt werden.

Eine Deutung des Überganges vom ungestörten zum gestörten Wachstum ist unter der Annahme einer allmählichen Zunahme der Versetzungsdichte während des Wachstums möglich.
Beitrag zur Frage des Oberflächenoxidationsproduktes des MoS2‐Schichtgitters
Authors: von Eichborn J.‐L.
Published: August 2023

Die in einem Schichtgitter eigenen Typs kristallisierende Verbindung Molybdändisulfid hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten auf Grund ihrer ungewöhnlichen mechanischen und elektrischen Eigenschaften technisches Interesse einerseits als Festschmierstoff, andererseits als Halbleiter erweckt. Die wissenschaftliche Literatur des letzten Jahrzehntes über neue Messungen der Eigenschaften hat wohl ältere Lücken ausgefüllt, ist jedoch bisher kaum aufeinander abgestimmt, und überwiegend in gegenseitiger Unkenntnis entstanden.

Nach einleitenden Bemerkungen über die Hauptergebnisse der Oberflächenforschung an MoS2 vom Standpunkt des „Halbleiters MoS2”︁ einerseits, des „Festschmierstoffes MoS2”︁ andererseits, wird auf die Frage der Oberflächenoxidation des Schichtgitters eingegangen. Sie hat infolge eines eigenartigen, reversiblen Umschlagens von „Hydrophilität”︁ in „Hydrophobität”︁ das Interesse vor allem vom Standpunkt des „Schmierstoffes”︁ erregt. Ihre Erforschung hat eine „einmolekulare Oxidationsschicht”︁ als Ursache ergeben, welche unter ziemlich milden Oxidationsbedingungen bereits zu entstehen pflegt, andererseits zugleich als Schutzschicht gegen in die Tiefe gehende Durchoxidation wirkt, die erst bei höheren Temperaturen einsetzt. Frühere Begründungen hierfür konnten durch neuere Adsorptionsmessungen von Dämpfen wie Benzol, Schwefelkohlenstoff einerseits, Wasser und Propylamin andererseits an oxidiertem und entoxidiertem MoS2‐Pulver höchsten Reinheitsgrades in neuartiger Form ergänzt werden.
Ein neuer Typ des Clusius‐Dickelschen Trennrohres
Authors: Meinrenken Jürgen
Published: August 2023

Es wird ein neuer Trennrohrtyp mit einer Heizung aus mehreren ringförmig angeordneten Drähten beschrieben, der die Vorteile des Draht‐ und des Ringspalttrennrohres in sich vereinigt. ‐ Bei Messungen der Gleichgewichtseinstellung eines hexanären Isotopengemisches erweist sich das “Theorem der unabhängigen Trennung” auch für die zeitabhängigen Trennfaktoren Q als gültig.
Zur Kenntnis von Lösungssystemen in tief siedenden Lösungsmitteln 3. Mitteilung: Die Systeme KCN/NH3 und KSCN/NH3*
Authors: Schenk Peter W. , Tulhoff Helmut
Published: August 2023

Die Systeme KCN/NH3 und KSCN/NH3 wurden mit der in der 1. Mitteilung beschriebenen Methode zwischen ‐ 30 und ‐ 75°C untersucht. Im System KSCN/NH3 existieren mehrere Ammoniakate. Sieben Quadrupelpunkte des Systems werden näherungsweise festgelegt. Ferner wird eine einfache Vorrichtung zur Extraktion mit flüssigem Ammoniak beschrieben, womit die Unlöslichkeit von 26 Substanzen ermittelt wurde.
Self Diffusion and Rotational Relaxation in Liquids and Electrolytic solutions*)
Authors: O'Reilly D. E.
Published: August 2023

Current theories of rotational correlation times in liquids are discussed and examples of the application of the quasilattice random flight model to several polar and nonpolar liquids and electrolytic solutions are given.
Molecular Motion as Seen by Neutron Scattering
Authors: Larsson Karl‐Erik
Published: August 2023

The neutron scattering technique is particularly useful to study the short time and short range phenomena appearing in non‐equilibrium statistical mechanics. The linear velocity‐auto‐correlation function and the rotational relaxation functions are both accessible by the neutron technique. In the present review article examples are given on both these aspects of neutron scattering results. It is mentioned that an understanding of the scattering results on simple monatomic liquids like argon and sodium requires that collective effects are included. Regarding the rotational behavior the general formalism developed by Sears is used to understand results on methane. It is pointed out that no really good agreement between theory and observation is obtained within the present theoretical framework based upon the assumption of decoupling of rotational and translational motion. A two‐component model is described which involves the assumption of existance of both librational and (damped) rotational components in the rotational behavior. Using this model the neutron results display the transient nature of the liquid phase.
Hydrodynamic Theory of the Velocity Correlation Function
Authors: Zwanzig R.
Published: August 2023

The velocity correlation function of an atom in a simple liquid is calculated using a frequency dependent version of the Stokes‐Einstein formula. Stokes' law for the frictional force on a moving sphere is generalized to arbitrary frequency, compressibility, and viscoelasticity, with arbitrary slip of the fluid on the surface of the sphere. This frequency dependent friction coefficient is then used in a generalized Stokes‐Einstein formula, and the velocity correlation function is found by Fourier inversion. By using physically reasonable values for viscoelastic parameters, good agreement is obtained with the velocity correlation function determined by Rahman using computer experiments.
Phase Transitions and ‘Condensation’ on Examples from Solid State Physics
Authors: Boiteux M.
Published: August 2023

We study a simple transition structure and the spin‐flop transition in the spirit of condensation on microscopical modes. The first transition does not involve any condensation whereas the second does. This condensation entails a non markovian evolution process. A possible quantum phase transition is considered.
Critical Opalescence in Solutions of Polystyrene and Cyclohexane
Authors: Borchard W.
Published: August 2023

Light scattering measurements near the critical point of polystyrene in cyclohexane do not show a typical critical opalescence. The intensities of the scattered light extrapolated to zero scattering angle are studied and the thermodynamic functions are determined. From the differential equation of the interaction parameter the latter can easily be obtained from measured quantities. Several spinodals have been calculated.
Fluctuations in Nematic Liquid Crystals. Static and Dynamic Properties: Study by Inelastic Light Scattering
Authors: Veyssié M.
Published: August 2023

In a nematic liquid crystal, there exist thermally excited fluctuations in the orientation of the mean alignment direction of the molecules (represented by a unit vector, called the director). These fluctuations modulate the dielectric tensor Ê of the medium; as a result there is an intense and strongly depolarized scattering of light. It is shown that these orientation fluctuations can be decomposed into two independent modes; following the notation of Frank [1], the types of distortion are splay and bend for one mode, splay and twist for the other. The contribution of each mode to the intensity of the scattered light may be calculated as a function of temperature and scattering wave vector [2]; the results are in good agreement with the measurements of Chatelain [3] and permit, in principle, a determination of the three elastic constants kii of the liquid crystal.

The time dependence of these fluctuations. on the other hand, is derived from the hydrodynamic equations of Ericksen and Leslie [4] which describe the coupling between the rotations of the director and the overall motions of the fluid. This coupling can be described using five independent coefficients αi, which are equivalent to viscosities. One finds that in usual systems the two fluctuation modes do not propagate, but are purely dissipative with a characteristic relaxation time. This time is a function of the wave vector, the elastic coefficients k and the viscosity coefficients αi.

We have verified the predictions of the theoretical model by a study of the spectrum of the scattered light, using a high resolution laser light beating spectrometer. The observed spectrum consists of a Lorentzian line centered about the incident frequencies (a Rayleigh line), which confirms the purely dissipative nature of the orientation fluctuations. Measurement of the line width permits a determination of the relaxation time and its dependence upon wave vector. By comparing our experimental results with the analytic formulae of the theory we have been able to deduce the anisotropic viscosity coefficients of the nematic phase [5]; a determination which is difficult, if not impossible, by conventional hydrodynamic methods.
The Viscosity‐Pressure Dependence of Gas‐Liquid Solutions
Authors: Golly H. , Kuss E.
Published: August 2023

A High‐Pressure‐Viscometer for gas‐liquid solutions was developped representing a combination of a falling body and a capillary viscometer. The method is suitable also for measurements in wells.

By solution of He, Ne, Ar, H2, N2 and CO2 the viscosity‐pressure isotherms of Squalane and Squalene were measured in saturated and unsaturated state. The viscosity under pressure can be diminished by the dissolved gas for one decade or more, the influence of various gases being different.

The isotherms of the saturated solutions often pass a minimum of viscosity, which can be reproduced by an equation with two parameters.

The viscosity‐pressure‐coefficients of unsaturated solutions with constant concentrations only are a little smaller than the coefficients of the pure liquids. This can be used to predict the viscosity of binary gas‐liquid solutions at high pressures.
The Thermodynamics of Critical Phenomena in Fluid Mixtures
Authors: Scott Robert L.
Published: August 2023

The “classical” theory of critical phenomena in fluid mixtures is entirely analogous to that for pure fluids when allowance is made for the increase in the number of variables. Although it is now clear that the details of critical phenomena cannot be accounted for by the “classical” analytic equations, the analogies with one‐component systems continue to apply. In particular, when allowance is made for experimental uncertainties, it is reasonable to conclude that the critical exponents α, β, γ und δ are probably the same as those for the one‐component fluid.

While limiting behavior in the critical region disagrees in detail with the predictions of simple theories, the critical line itself and the great variety of phase behavior observed in binary mixtures can be estimated and interpreted with surprising success.
The Heat Capacity of the Binary Liquid Mixture. Tetrafluoromethane‐Trifluoromethane Near the Upper Consolute Point
Authors: Cope A. F. G. , Reamer H. H. , Pings C. J.
Published: August 2023

The heat capacity at saturation of the binary liquid mixture, CF4 ‐CHF3 has been measured in the vicinity of the consolute temperature, approximately 132 K. Data above and below the critical temperature is suggestive of a λ‐like transition, with a definite singularity in the heat capacity, or at least a large excess value at the critical temperature. The data are compatible either with a singularity of the type of In (T‐Tc) or (T‐Tc)α where α ⩽ 0.1.
Phase Equilibria and Critical Phenomena in Fluid Mixtures at Low Temperatures and High Pressures
Authors: Peter K. , Oeder D.
Published: August 2023

Measurements are presented for the pressure dependence of liquid‐liquid phase equilibria in binary mixtures of CF4 with C2H6 up to approx. 1000 bar. Earlier measurements are reviewed for the liquid‐liquid and liquid‐gas equilibria in binary systems of methane with hydrocarbons with 5 to 7 carbon atoms over the temperature range ‐ 150 to +20°C and up to a maximum pressure of 3000 bar. The results are discussed from a thermodynamic and phase‐theoretical point of view. They show that there are continuous transitions between the critical phenomena liquid‐gas, liquid‐liquid, and gas‐gas in these systems (Ber. Bunsenges. physik. Chem. 73, 229 (1969)).

The measurements were effectuated in an optical low‐temperature high‐pressure cell made from copper beryllium that was recently described: it is fitted with sapphire windows and indium seals and employs magnetic stirring. The cell can be used for the visual observation of phase equilibria, for spectroscopic measurements and for the simultaneous determination of P V T data over the temperature range ‐ 190 to +150°C and up to a maximum pressure of 4000 bar.
Températures critiques de condensation bidimensionnelle
Authors: Larher Y. , Nardon Y.
Published: August 2023

Sur la face de clivage d'halogénures à structure lamellaire, des couches monomoléculaires de gaz rares et de méthane se forment successivement par condensation bidimensionnelle. Les températures critiques de ces changements de phase bidimensionnelle ont été mesurées. Les variations observées traduisent l'influence du relief de la surface adsorbante sur la structure des couches adsorbées.
Effects of planting density on test weight and related indexes of maize
Authors: Wang Zhen , Guo Yanan , Wang Keru , Zhang Guoqiang , Ming Bo , Shen Dongping , Fang Liang , Zhou Linli , Sun Lirong , Liu Hao , Liu Nan , Xie Ruizhi , Li Shaokun
Published: August 2023

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important food crop in the world. Reasonably increasing planting density is an important way to increase maize yield. Test weight (TW) determines the classification and affects market price. In order to clarify the influence and mechanism of planting density on TW, in this study, a 2‐year field experiment was carried out in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2019 and 2020. Four widely planted maize hybrids and six planting densities (6.0, 7.5, 9.0, 10.5, 12.0, and 13.5 × 104 plants ha−1) were tested, using drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration. The output parameters measured were grain yield, TW, thousand‐kernel weight (TKW), kernel volume, kernel density (KD), kernels per unit volume (KPV), and kernel packing efficiency. The result showed that yields ranged from 12.04 to 16.58 ton ha−1and TW ranged from 751 to 807 kg m−3, which exceeded the requirements for classification as first‐grade maize (720 kg m−3). Both yield and TW have a quadratic curve relationship with planting density, but the planting density corresponding to the two indicators is different when they reach the maximum value. With the increase in planting density, the TKW decreased and KPV increased, which made the relationship between TW(y) and planting density (x) and expressed as y = ax2 + bx + c. Planting density had a significant influence on TW and the relationship between TW and planting density was consistent under growth years and maize varieties. Considering the economic benefits, the planting density corresponding to the maximum yield is strongly recommended for future maize production.
Small cell carcinoma of the kidney treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor/tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Authors: Harada Mirii , Tomisaki Ikko , Shimajiri Shohei , Kuretake Keisuke , Harada Kenichi , Fujimoto Naohiro
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Small cell carcinoma (SCC) of the kidney is extremely rare. Although the majority of patients with advanced renal small cell carcinoma were treated with a combination of cisplatin and etoposide, the efficacy was limited. We report the first case with renal small cell carcinoma who received nivolumab and cabozantinib.

Case presentation

A 57‐year‐old woman was referred to our hospital with a massive left kidney mass and several bone, lymph nodes, liver, and lung metastases. A left renal mass biopsy made the diagnosis of small cell carcinoma. Nivolumab and cabozantinib were used in combination therapy. The tumors were stable during the treatment for 4 weeks. However, the treatment was halted due to a serious adverse event, immune‐related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Although immune‐related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis was resolved with corticosteroids, the patient died 3 months after the initiation of nivolumab and cabozantinib.

Conclusion

We reported the first case of renal small cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab and cabozantinib.
Using generic picture cues to promote verbal initiations during play
Authors: Mattson Stephanie L. , Higbee Thomas S. , Campbell Vincent E. , Lindgren Nicholas A. , Osos Jessica A. , Nichols Beverly
Published: August 2023

Children with autism spectrum disorder often demonstrate difficulty communicating with others, and this may affect the extent to which they can engage in contextually appropriate language during play. This study examined the effects of a social script‐training intervention using generic picture cues on the number of contextually appropriate play statements for children with autism spectrum disorder. We also examined the extent to which responding generalized to novel toy sets and analyzed play statement types. A nonconcurrent multiple‐baseline‐across‐participants design with embedded reversal components was used to evaluate the effects of the generic picture‐cue intervention on contextually appropriate play statements. Three participants demonstrated a higher number of contextually appropriate play statements in the training condition as compared with the baseline and no‐cue conditions. Further, two out of three participants continued to emit a similar number of contextually appropriate play statements when we introduced novel toy sets.
A preliminary study on the evaluation of photodynamic diagnosis for acne inflammatory skin lesions
Authors: Xu Chunlan , Yuan Dan , Cheng Shi , Lan Xiaoling , Wang Qian , Lin Xinyu , Liu Wei
Published: August 2023

Objective

This study aimed to observe the fluorescence characteristics of acne inflammatory skin lesions in 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐based photodynamic diagnosis (ALA‐PDD), and discuss the viability of using ALA‐PDD to evaluate acne inflammatory skin lesions and explore the advantages of predicting subclinical skin lesions.

Methods

The OBSERV facial skin detector collected photographs of 20 patients before and after optical intra‐tissue fiber irradiation photodynamic therapy (OFI‐ALA‐PDT) in both ALA‐PDD and white light patterns. The patients were treated once a week for four consecutive weeks in order to analyze the correlation between the two patterns in recognizing inflammatory skin lesions.

Results

Before and after treatment, there was no significant difference between the two patterns for recognizing acne inflammatory skin lesions (p > 0.05). Both patterns demonstrated a strong correlation (r > 0.90) for the recognition of various types of inflammatory skin lesions at different treatment stages.

Conclusion

ALA‐PDD is a feasible method for evaluating acne inflammatory lesions, guiding treatment and judging efficacy. It has advantages in predicting subclinical skin lesions and deserves further study.
(Selbst‑)Bildungsprozesse von und in ‚Migrantenorganisationen‘. Ambivalente Kooperations- und Anerkennungsbedingungen im Kontext von Schule
Authors: Kollender Ellen
Published: August 2023

Seit der Anerkennung Deutschlands als Einwanderungsland lassen sich von politischer Seite vielfältige Bestrebungen erkennen, migrantisch (selbst)positionierte Organisationen in schulische Prozesse einzubeziehen. Dabei zum Ausdruck kommende Erwartungen an die Organisationen sowie die (Selbst‑)Verständnisse dieser hinsichtlich ihrer Rolle in der Schule wurden bislang nicht systematisch untersucht und aufeinander bezogen. Dieser Beitrag setzt an dieser Leerstelle an, indem er fragt, wie die Organisationen im politisch-behördlichen Diskurs zur Schule positioniert werden und wie ihre Mitglieder die an sie gerichteten Rollenverständnisse aufgreifen und in ihre Selbstverständnisse einbetten. Über eine triangulatives Forschungsdesign wird rekonstruiert, wie in der Verzahnung von Diskurs und Subjektivierungsprozessen die intelligible Subjektposition der ‚Migrantenorganisation‘ hervorgebracht wird. Dabei erweisen sich die Anerkennungsbedingungen für die Organisationen als ebenso ambivalent wie voraussetzungsvoll für eine Teilhabe in Schule, wobei sich neben migrationsgesellschaftlichen Zugehörigkeitsordnungen auch sozialstaatliche Transformationsprozesse als zentrale Subjektivierungskontexte erweisen, die zur Konstitution des (selbst)verantwortlichen Subjekts in und durch ‚Migrantenorganisationen‘ beitragen.
System of generalized variational-like inclusions involving $$\varvec{(P,\eta )}$$-accretive mapping and fixed point problems in real Banach spaces
Authors: Balooee Javad , Al-Homidan Suliman
Published: August 2023

This paper attempts to prove the Lipschitz continuity of the resolvent operator associated with a $$(P,\eta )$$

(
P
,
η
)

-accretive mapping and compute an estimate of its Lipschitz constant. This is done under some new appropriate conditions that are imposed on the parameter and mappings involved in it; with the goal of approximating a common element of the solution set of a system of generalized variational-like inclusions and the fixed point set of a total asymptotically nonexpansive mapping in the framework of real Banach spaces. A new iterative algorithm based on the resolvent operator technique is proposed. Under suitable conditions, we prove the strong convergence of the sequence generated by our proposed iterative algorithm to a common element of the two sets mentioned above. The final section is dedicated to investigating and analyzing the notion of a generalized H(., .)-accretive mapping introduced and studied by Kazmi et al. (Appl Math Comput 217:9679–9688, 2011). In this section, we provide some comments based on the relevant results presented in their work.