bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COFlood: Concurrent Opportunistic Flooding in Asynchronous Duty Cycle Networks
Authors: Cao Zhichao , Zheng Xiaolong , Ma Qiang , Miao Xin
Published: November 2022

For energy constraint wireless IoT nodes, their radios usually operate in duty cycle mode. With low maintenance and negotiation cost, asynchronous duty cycle radio management is widely adopted. To achieve fast network flooding is challenging in asynchronous duty cycle networks. Recently, concurrent flooding, which allows a set of nodes (called
concurrent senders
) to immediately broadcast the received packet without any backoff, is a promising approach to improve the flooding speed. We observe that selecting either large or small number of concurrent senders cannot achieve the optimal flooding speed in different deployments. There is a tradeoff between the degradation of concurrent broadcast efficiency and the missing of early receiving chance. In this article, we propose COFlood (Concurrent Opportunistic Flooding), a practical and efficient concurrent flooding protocol in asynchronous duty cycle networks. First, COFlood constructs a concurrent flooding tree in distributed manner. The non-leaf nodes are selected as concurrent senders and they can cover the entire network while reserving the most capacity of concurrent broadcast for later added opportunistic concurrent senders. Moreover, we find that exploiting both early wake-up nodes and long lossy links can speed up the concurrent flooding tree-based network flooding by increasing the early receiving chances. Then, COFlood develops a lightweight method to select the nodes that meet the conditions of these two opportunities as opportunistic concurrent senders. We implement COFlood in TinyOS and evaluate it on two real testbeds. In comparison with state-of-the-art concurrent flooding protocol, completion time and energy consumption can be reduced by up to 35.3% and 26.6%.
Scheduling of Resource Allocation Systems with Timed Petri Nets: A Survey
Authors: Huang Bo , Zhou Mengchu , Lu Xiaoyu Sean , Abusorrah Abdullah
Published: November 2022

Resource allocation systems (RASs) belong to a kind of discrete event system commonly seen in the industry. In such systems, available resources are allocated to concurrently running processes to optimize some performance criteria. Search strategies in the reachability graph (RG) of a timed Petri net (PN) attracted much attention in the past decades to cope with RAS scheduling problems (RSPs), since PNs are very suitable to model and analyze RASs and their RGs fully reflect systems’ behavior. However, there has been no existing related survey and review paper till now. In this work, we present a tutorial and comprehensive literature survey of RG-based RSP methods. Many state-of-the-art RG-based RAS scheduling strategies are reviewed and summarized. First, we present a framework of RSPs and classify RSPs and their PNs in terms of resource usage and net structures. The differences and relations among the PNs are also given. Then, we introduce timed PN construction methods for RSPs and scheduling objectives and search strategies for RG-based RSPs. Next, we summarize different heuristic functions adopted in a frequently used A
*
search to solve RG-based RSPs. Finally, we discuss some important future research directions and open issues.
Multi-Guidance CNNs for Salient Object Detection
Authors: Hui Shuaixiong , Guo Qiang , Geng Xiaoyu , Zhang Caiming
Published: November 2022

Feature refinement and feature fusion are two key steps in convolutional neural networks–based salient object detection (SOD). In this article, we investigate how to utilize multiple guidance mechanisms to better refine and fuse extracted multi-level features and propose a novel multi-guidance SOD model dubbed as MGuid-Net. Since boundary information is beneficial for locating and sharpening salient objects, edge features are utilized in our network together with saliency features for SOD. Specifically, a self-guidance module is applied to multi-level saliency features and edge features, respectively, which aims to gradually guide the refinement of lower-level features by higher-level features. After that, a cross-guidance module is devised to mutually refine saliency features and edge features via the complementarity between them. Moreover, to better integrate refined multi-level features, we also present an accumulative guidance module, which exploits multiple high-level features to guide the fusion of different features in a hierarchical manner. Finally, a pixelwise contrast loss function is adopted as an implicit guidance to help our network retain more details in salient objects. Extensive experiments on five benchmark datasets demonstrate our model can identify salient regions of an image more effectively compared to most of state-of-the-art models.
A straightforward graphical/statistical approach to help substantiate cheating on multiple-choice examinations
Authors: Poole David C. , Copp Steven W. , Musch Timothy I.
Published: November 2022

Academic dishonesty is prevalent in universities, especially on examinations with a large number of students in close seating arrangements. Cheating on a multiple-choice exam was suspected by observations from proctors of the examination. Application of error-similarity analysis associated with identical incorrect answers demonstrated that the probability of cheating was confirmed ( P < 0.00001) between two examinees. Further comparisons with the remaining exams provided graphic evidence that a violation of the University’s Honor Code had occurred.
MRI-based quantification of posterior ocular globe flattening during 60 days of strict 6° head-down tilt bed rest with and without daily centrifugation
Authors: Sater Stuart H. , Conley Natividad Gabryel , Seiner Akari J. , Fu Audrey Q. , Shrestha Dev , Bershad Eric M. , Marshall-Goebel Karina , Laurie Steven S. , Macias Brandon R. , Martin Bryn A.
Published: November 2022

Head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest is commonly used as a spaceflight analog for investigating spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). Posterior ocular globe flattening has been identified in astronauts with SANS but until now has not been investigated during HDT bed rest. In this study, posterior ocular globe volume displacement was quantified before, during, and after HDT bed rest and countermeasures were tested for their potential to reduce the degree of globe flattening.
Simultaneously Verifying the Original Region of Green and Roasted Coffee Beans by Stable Isotopes and Elements Combined with Random Forest
Authors: Tian Ling , Guo Yuanyuan , Zhang Ang , Zhong Hua
Published: November 2022

Simultaneously verifying the original region of green and roasted coffee beans is very important for protecting legal interests of the stakeholder according to the chemical analyzing method. 131 green coffee bean samples are collected from six different original regions and pretreated with three degrees (green, middle, and dark roasted); five stable isotope ratios (δ13C, δ14N, δ18O, δ2H, and δ32S) and twelve elemental contents (Al, Cr, Ni, Zn, Ba, Cu, Na, Mn, Fe, Ca, K, and Mg) of green, middle, and dark roasted coffee bean samples (131×3) were analyzed. Fractionation of stable isotopes and variation of elemental contents were evaluated, only isotope hydrogen (2H) significantly fractionated, and elemental concentrations increased with a certain rate during the roasting process. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the stable isotope ratios and elemental concentrations of all coffee bean samples from six different original regions. Random forest (RF) was employed to build a discriminating model for simultaneously verifying the original regions of green and roasted coffee bean samples; this model provided 100% accuracy. Inclusion of this mathematical model for simultaneously verifying the original region of green and roasted coffee beans had powerful distinguishing capability and which will not be influenced by fractionation of hydrogen (2H) and variation of element contents during the roasted process.
Research on Calculation Method of Rain Load on Structures Based on Discrete Particle Model
Authors: Ling Hongjie , Wang Zhidong , An Shuai , Sun Guohuai , Yan Yangyue
Published: November 2022

With the frequent occurrence of extreme weather, the rain load of structures under high wind speeds accompanied by heavy rainfall conditions has become a hot issue for research. In this paper, based on the discrete particle model, the raindrop impact load correction formula is proposed. A rapid calculation method for the rain load of structures is formed through experimental verification. And the forecasting program is developed independently to complete the calculation of rain load per unit flat plate under different wind speed and rainfall intensity combination states. The rain load correction coefficient ΔCw is defined as the dimensionless coefficient of the rain load per unit area of the flat plate in a fully developed rain field driven by wind speed. The rain load is factored into the wind load calculation formula by way of the correction coefficient ΔCw to form the calculation formula for the rain load of structures. The results show that ΔCw has little correlation with wind speed but is closely related to rainfall intensity R. The calculation formula for ΔCw about rainfall intensity is fitted. When rainfall intensity R = 709.2 mm/h, ΔCw is approximately 22.3%. The research results in this paper provide theoretical and technical support for guiding the rapid calculation of rain load on structures.
Effects of Different Particle-Sized Al Powders on Sintering Properties of Aluminum Paste in Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell
Authors: Zhu Peng , Lu Yang , Chen Xiaolei
Published: November 2022

In this paper, the effects of particle size difference of aluminum (Al) powder on physical properties of Al powder and sintering properties of Al paste were investigated. For this purpose, respectively, Al powders with four mean particle sizes were used, which were obtained by two classifications using the same nitrogen atomization process. Thermal analysis results showed that the smaller the Al particle size, the lower the oxidation temperature and the higher the reaction enthalpy, indicating higher reactivity of the Al powder. Four Al powders were prepared into Al paste by the same process, and the resistances of the paste increased with the decrease of the particle size of the aluminum powder. Electrochemical capacitance-voltage profiler (ECV) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that the smaller the Al particle size, the thicker the back surface field (BSF) and the higher the doping concentration of BSF. It was found that the smaller size of Al powder limited the migration of silicon, which resulted in higher concentration of silicon (Si) in the Al-Si liquid phase. This leads to reaching a balance at a higher temperature between the recrystallization of silicon from the alloy liquid and the dissolution of silicon in the liquid alloy and a higher doping concentration and a higher effective BSF doping thickness. Results of the study will provide reference for further study and application of Al paste.
Deferent Anatomical Presentations of Iliolumbar Ligament: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Albatati Abdulaziz Saleh , Khalifa Amar Fathi Mohamed , El-Sherbiny Mohamed , Alfayez Musaad Abdulaziz , Abualmakarim Saeed , Ebrahim Hasnaa Ali , Aljahdali Anan Rajeh , Darwish Hasim
Published: November 2022

This work was carried out to describe the detailed gross anatomy of the iliolumbar ligaments in human cadavers and to shed more light on these disputes regarding the configuration and direction of these ligaments. Twenty partially dissected human formalin‐preserved cadavers originating from North America and Europe were investigated in this study. Blunt dissection was made through the ventral and dorsal aspects of the pelvic area of the cadavers. According to the current study, the anterior and posterior portions of the iliolumbar ligament most frequently attached to the 5th lumbar vertebra’s transverse process (70% and 80%, respectively). The body of the 4th lumbar vertebra with the 5th lumbar vertebra’ transverse process was the attachment of the anterior part (30%). The attachment of the posterior part was the body of the 5th lumbar vertebra (20%). The anterior and posterior parts of the iliolumbar ligament were inserted into the anterior tip of the iliac crest. There is an obvious variation in the morphological appearance of the iliolumbar ligament distinguished in attachments, length, width, thickness, number of bands, and the presence of accessory bands in the anterior part of the ligament. In addition, a new attachment for the anterior band was revealed in one‐third of the specimens (body of the 4th lumbar vertebra) which have not been described before. Also, in one‐fifth of the specimens, there was a new attachment for the posterior band (body of the 5th lumbar vertebra).
Seismic Response Analysis of Multidimensional and Multiangle Long‐Span Top‐Supported CFST Arch Bridge
Authors: Li Zite , Wang Genhui , Fan Jiang , Wu Weihong , Jian Yue , Li Xiaozhong
Published: November 2022

Taking a concrete‐filled steel tube (CFST) arch bridge with a clear span of 400 m as an example, the in‐depth analysis of its natural vibration characteristics is carried out by establishing a finite element model. Then, the three‐dimensional El Centro recorded wave after amplitude modulation is taken as the excitation wave; the structural response under three kinds of single dimension and four kinds of multidimensional combined excitation and 0∼90° transformation X(longitudinal) + Y(transverse) orthogonal combined excitation is evaluated. The results show that the structure of long‐span top‐supported arch bridge extends in the longitudinal and vertical dimensions at the same time, and the mode shape density and mass distribution have multidirection and multiangle coupling. With the increase of excitation dimensions, the value and relative ratio of chord axial force increase. The maximum axial force ratio of X + Y to X and Y is 2.1, the maximum axial force ratio of X + Y + Z (longitudinal) to X + Y, X + Z, and Y + Z is 1.4, 1.8, and 1.8; the displacement in X and Y direction under combined excitation is independent and the displacement in Z direction is its coupling term, but the displacement under X + Y + Z combined excitation is only 10% larger than that under X + Z and Y + Z combined excitation. Under the combined excitation of X + Y with a changing angle of 0°∼90°, the axial force variation of the chord at different positions and on the same section of the arch rib has spatial characteristics. The variation range of upper and lower rod axial force varies from 0.63 to 1.35 and from 0.81 to 1.51, respectively, the change trend of displacement in the X and Y directions is relatively consistent, the change of displacement in the Z direction is asynchronous, and the displacement of vault section increases by one time. The seismic response of this bridge type under multidimensional and multiangle excitation shows obvious superposition.
MC-UNet: Multimodule Concatenation Based on U-Shape Network for Retinal Blood Vessels Segmentation
Authors: Li Jun , Zhang Ting , Zhao Yi , Chen Nan , Zhou Han , Xu Hongtao , Guan Zihao , Xue Lanyan , Yang Changcai , Chen Riqing , Wei Lifang
Published: November 2022

Accurate retinal blood vessels segmentation is an important step in the clinical diagnosis of ophthalmic diseases. Many deep learning frameworks have come up for retinal blood vessels segmentation tasks. However, the complex vascular structure and uncertain pathological features make blood vessel segmentation still very challenging. This paper proposes a novel multimodule concatenation via a U-shaped network for retinal vessels segmentation, which is based on atrous convolution and multikernel pooling. The proposed network structure retains three layers of the essential structure of U-Net, in which the atrous convolution combining the multikernel pooling blocks are designed to obtain more contextual information. The spatial attention module is concatenated with the dense atrous convolution module and the multikernel pooling module to form a multimodule concatenation. And different dilation rates are selected by cascading to acquire a larger receptive field in atrous convolution. Adequate comparative experiments are conducted on these public retinal datasets: DRIVE, STARE, and CHASE_DB1. The results show that the proposed method is effective, especially for microvessels. The code will be released at https://github.com/rocklijun/MC-UNet.
A Diagnostic Predictive Model of Bronchoscopy with Radial Endobronchial Ultrasound for Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions
Authors: Ito Takayasu , Matsumoto Yuji , Okachi Shotaro , Nishida Kazuki , Tanaka Midori , Imabayashi Tatsuya , Tsuchida Takaaki , Hashimoto Naozumi
Published: November 2022

Background: Several factors have been reported to affect the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy with radial endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS) for peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). However, it is difficult to accurately predict the diagnostic potential of bronchoscopy for each PPL in advance. Objectives: Our objective was to establish a predictive model to evaluate the diagnostic yield before the procedure. Method: We retrospectively analysed consecutive patients who underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy with R-EBUS between April 2012 and October 2015. We assessed the factors that were predictive of successful bronchoscopic diagnosis of PPLs with R-EBUS using a multivariable logistic regression model. The accuracy of the predictive model was evaluated using the receiver operator characteristic area under the curve (ROC AUC). Internal validation was analysed using 10-fold stratified cross-validation. Results: We analysed a total of 1,634 lesions; the median lesion size was 25.0 mm. Of these, 1,138 lesions (69.6%) were successfully diagnosed. In the predictive logistic model, significant factors affecting the diagnostic yield were lesion size, lesion structure, bronchus sign, and visible on chest X-ray. The predictive model consisted of seven factors: lesion size, lesion lobe, lesion location from the hilum, lesion structure, bronchus sign, visibility on chest X-ray, and background lung. The ROC AUC of the predictive model was 0.742 (95% confidence interval: 0.715–0.769). Internal validation using 10-fold stratified cross-validation revealed a mean ROC AUC of 0.734. Conclusions: The predictive model using the seven factors revealed a good performance in estimating the diagnostic yield.
Higher Habitual Dietary Flavonoid Intake Associates With Less Extensive Abdominal Aortic Calcification in a Cohort of Older Women
Authors: Parmenter Benjamin H. , Bondonno Catherine P. , Murray Kevin , Schousboe John T. , Croft Kevin , Prince Richard L. , Hodgson Jonathan M. , Bondonno Nicola P. , Lewis Joshua R.
Published: November 2022

Background:

The extent of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is a major predictor of vascular disease events. We have previously found regular apple intake, a major source of dietary flavonoids, associates with lower AAC. Whether total dietary flavonoid intake impacts AAC remains unknown. Here, we extend our observations to habitual intakes of total flavonoids, flavonoid subclasses, and specific flavonoid-containing foods, with the odds of extensive AAC.

Methods:

We conducted cross-sectional analyses on 881 females (median [interquartile range] age, 80 [78–82] years; body mass index, 27 [24–30] kg/m
2
) from the PLSAW (Perth Longitudinal Study of Ageing Women). Flavonoid intake was calculated from food-frequency questionnaires. Calcifications of the abdominal aorta were assessed on lateral lumbar spine images and categorized as less extensive or extensive. Logistic regression was used to investigate associations.

Results:

After adjusting for demographic, lifestyle and dietary confounders, participants with higher (Q4), compared with lower (Q1) intakes, of total flavonoids, flavan-3-ols, and flavonols had 36% (odds ratio [95% CI], 0.64 [0.43–0.95]), 39% (0.61 [0.40–0.93]) and 38% (0.62 [0.42–0.92]) lower odds of extensive AAC, respectively. In food-based analyses, higher black tea intake, the main source of total flavonoids (75.9%), associated with significantly lower odds of extensive AAC (2–6 cups/d had 16%–42% lower odds compared with 0 daily intake). In a subset of nonconsumers of black tea, the association of total flavonoid intake with AAC remained (Q4 versus Q1 odds ratio [95% CI], 0.11 [0.02–0.54]).

Conclusions:

In older women, greater habitual dietary flavonoid intake associates with less extensive AAC.
Early and Delayed Infarct Growth in Patients Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy: A Prospective, Serial MRI Study
Authors: Hernández-Pérez María , Werner Mariano , Remollo Sebastián , Martín Carlota , Cortés Jordi , Valls Adrian , Ramos Anna , Dorado Laura , Serena Joaquin , Munuera Josep , Puig Josep , Pérez de la Ossa Natalia , Gomis Meritxell , Carbonell Jaime , Castaño Carlos , Muñoz-Narbona Lucia , Palomeras Ernest , Domenech Sira , Massuet Anna , Terceño Mikel , Davalos Antoni , Millán Monica
Published: November 2022

Background:

We studied the evolution over time of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) lesion volume and the factors involved on early and late infarct growth (EIG and LIG) in stroke patients undergoing endovascular treatment (EVT) according to the final revascularization grade.

Methods:

This is a prospective cohort of patients with anterior large artery occlusion undergoing EVT arriving at 1 comprehensive stroke center. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on arrival (pre-EVT), <2 hours after EVT (post-EVT), and on day 5. DWI lesions and perfusion maps were evaluated. Arterial revascularization was assessed according to the modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) grades. We recorded National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at arrival and at day 7. EIG was defined as (DWI volume post-EVT–DWI volume pre-EVT), and LIG was defined as (DWI volume at 5d–DWI volume post-EVT). Factors involved in EIG and LIG were tested via multivariable lineal models.

Results:

We included 98 patients (mean age 70, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 17, final mTICI≥2b 86%). Median EIG and LIG were 48 and 63.3 mL in patients with final mTICI<2b, and 3.6 and 3.9 cc in patients with final mTICI≥2b. Both EIG and LIG were associated with higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at day 7 (
ρ
=0.667;
P
<0.01 and
ρ
=0.614;
P
<0.01, respectively). In patients with final mTICI≥2b, each 10% increase in the volume of DWI pre-EVT and each extra pass leaded to growths of 9% (95% CI, 7%–10%) and 14% (95% CI, 2%–28%) in the DWI volume post-EVT, respectively. Furthermore, each 10% increase in the volume of DWI post-EVT, each extra pass, and each 10 mL increase in TMax6s post-EVT were associated with growths of 8% (95% CI, 6%–9%), 9% (95% CI, 0%–19%), and 12% (95% CI, 5%–20%) in the volume of DWI post-EVT, respectively.

Conclusions:

Infarct grows during and after EVT, especially in nonrecanalizers but also to a lesser extent in recanalizers. In recanalizers, number of passes and DWI volume influence EIG, while number of passes, DWI, and hypoperfused volume after the procedure determine LIG.
Thirty-three new species of water beetles in the genus Hydraena Kugelann from Cameroon (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)
Authors: PERKINS PHILIP D.
Published: November 2022

Thirty-three new species of Cameroonian water beetles in the genus Hydraena Kugelann are described, based on the examination and databasing of 355 specimens from 19 localities/events. Male genitalia are illustrated, and high resolution habitus images of the holotypes are provided, as are distribution maps. The following new species of Hydraena are described: H. cameroancylis, H. cameroarida, H. camerobuloba, H. camerocameola, H. camerocarinata, H. cameroclandestina, H. camerocompacta, H. camerocomplexa, H. camerocompressa, H. cameroconcava, H. cameroconfinis, H. camerocontinua, H. camerocontrasta, H. cameroconvexa, H. camerocordata, H. camerocorona, H. camerocrebrata, H. camerocubita, H. camerocurvata, H. camerodidacta, H. camerodigita, H. cameroflagellata, H. camerofoveata, H. camerojocula, H. camerolatula, H. cameroovala, H. cameropalmula, H. cameropetila, H. cameroradiata, H. camerosemicordata, H. camerosetosa, H. camerosicula, and H. millenaria.
Hebrew Vocalisation Signs in Karaite Transcriptions of the Hebrew Bible into Arabic Script
Authors: Khan Geoffrey
Published: November 2022

In the 10th and 11th centuries CE many Karaite scribes in the Middle East used Arabic script to write not only the Arabic language, but also the Hebrew language. Such Hebrew texts in Arabic transcription were predominantly Hebrew Bible texts. The transcriptions reflect the oral reading tradition of the biblical text. Most manuscripts reflect the Tiberian reading tradition.

Some reflect an imperfect performance of the Tiberian reading tradition. This imperfect performance may be attributed to the impact of the phonological system of the vernacular language of the scribes. In this paper I discuss aspects of imperfect performance discernible in the distribution of Hebrew vocalisation signs that are used in the manuscripts. The paper focuses in particular on (a) deviations in the distribution of vowel signs that reflect imperfect performance of Tiberian vowel qualities and (b) deviations in the distribution of shewa and ḥaṭef signs that reflect imperfect performance of Tiberian syllable structure.
“Some Fanciful Midrash Explanation”
Authors: Williams Benjamin
Published: November 2022

This chapter examines the history of the idea that the shapes, names, and sounds of the ṭeʿamim convey information about biblical narratives, including twists and turns in the plot, the

thoughts and motivations of the characters, and the way direct speech was delivered. This exegetical technique is examined first by enquiring into its relationship with the midrashic method of deriving such information from the graphic features of the consonantal text of the Hebrew Bible. Turning to the approach of Tobias ben Eliezer, Joseph ibn Caspi, and Baḥya ben Asher, attention is focused on interpretations of unusual and irregular cantillation marks, including the shalshelet, according to the principles of derash. Finally, examples from the commentaries of Moses Alsheikh of Safed are examined to show how sixteenth-century

Sephardi interpreters treated the Masoretic system of accentuation more broadly as a source of information concerning biblical narratives.
The 1757–62 Temperature Observed in Beijing
Authors: Ren Yuyu , Ren Guoyu , Allan Rob , Li Jiao , Yang Guowei , Zhang Panfeng
Published: November 2022

Instrumental data from the pre–Industrial Revolution period are important to ­understand climate change. In this paper, the observations made by the French missionary J. Amiot in present-day central Beijing during 1757–62 were processed and analyzed. The observations represent the earliest continuous dataset of meteorological records found in China that have been digitized recently. Comparisons between the Amiot annual temperature range and extreme values with modern observations showed that the observations were read at approximately 0800 and 1500 local solar time (LST) in a well-ventilated outdoor site. The daily maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures (T-max, T-min, and T-mean, respectively) during 1757–62 were determined by examining the relationship between temperature at 0800 and 1500 LST and T-max, T-min, and T-mean in modern reference series. Nearly 260 years ago, Beijing’s climate was typical of an inland temperate monsoon zone with annual T-mean, annual mean T-max, and annual mean T-min being 11.5°, 17.8°, and 6.1°C, respectively; further, the temperatures did not vary considerably from the 1951–1980 temperatures, but differed evidently compared to relatively recent decades (1981–2020). The difference was larger than the magnitudes of global and regional temperature changes. Thus, climate warming since the pre–Industrial Revolution period in the urban areas of Beijing has dominantly occurred over the last four decades. Uncertainties related to the thermometer and observational conditions 260 years ago and the interpolation method used have also been discussed in this paper.
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn: A Community Hospitalist Perspective
Authors: Morgan Joy M. , Peters Summer , Adusei-Baah Charity
Published: November 2022

Hemolytic disease of the newborn is commonly diagnosed and managed by pediatric and newborn hospitalists. Severe cases, however, pose unique challenges for community hospitals without higher level neonatal intensive care units. This case highlights the challenges faced by pediatric hospitalists in the community and suggests a focused approach to management.
Machinability analysis of delamination and thrust force in drilling of pure and added GFRP composites
Authors: Ünüvar Ali , Öztürk Osman
Published: November 2022

The effects of cutting parameters on the thrust force and delamination factor in the drilling of pure, Al2O3, and SiO2 added GFRP/epoxy composites were investigated. Experimental studies were performed to investigate thrust force and delamination factor. Taguchi experimental design and response surface methodology were employed to establish parametric relationships between the experimental parameters and the machinability outputs consisting of delamination and thrust force. When examining the effect of cutting speed and feed on thrust forces and delamination factors for the three materials, the smallest values of the cutting parameters for all three materials gave the minimum thrust forces and delamination factors. Machinability Index is also proposed. According to the machinability index, under the effect of delamination and thrust force parameters, it was seen that pure epoxy composite material has better machinability than the other composite materials. It has been found that the effect of feed rate on delamination is greater than the cutting speed, and the cutting speed has a low effect.
Factors Affecting Retention Plan Among Faculty of Color in Rehabilitation Counselor Education Programs
Authors: Minor Tameika , Lu Weili , Yalmanchili Priyanka , Kumi Cindy
Published: November 2022

Although many institutions of higher education have become committed to diversity and have made efforts to recruit faculty of color, the counseling profession has had a long history of underrepresentation of students and faculty of color. This study investigated the relationships between demographic characteristics, perceptions of the academic climate, and the employment continuation plans of tenured and tenure-track faculty of color in accredited, rehabilitation counselor education (RCE) programs. Furthermore, this study aimed to identify which factors best predict the employment continuation plans for this population. Participants were administered the Faculty Retention Questionnaire (FRQ) to examine these relationships. The sample consisted of 63 tenure-track and tenured faculty of color employed by accredited RCE programs. A univariate general linear model found that the demographic characteristics (race, ethnicity, gender, country of origin, and tenure status) did not predict the employment continuation plans of tenure-track and tenured faculty of color in accredited RCE programs. Multiple linear regression analysis was utilized to determine if the regression scores for the perception of academic climate components (role as researcher, tenure/promotion opportunities, workplace conditions, social climate, faculty/student relationships, role clarity, inter-role conflict, and person/role conflict) predicted 28.5% of the variance in the employment continuation plans of faculty of color in RCE programs. Among these, inter-role conflict was the only statistically significant predictor. Findings add to the literature pertaining to the retention of faculty of color in counselor education and suggest retention strategies supportive of faculty of color.
Fabric defect detection via a spatial cloze strategy
Authors: Lu Zhengyang , Zhang Yudian , Xu Han , Chen Han
Published: November 2022

Deep-learning models have achieved state-of-the-art performances in a wide range of defect detection tasks. However, an inescapable criticism of one-stage fully supervised models is the lack of interpretability, which not only reduces the reliability of fabric defect detection systems but also limits the scope of their applications in production environments. To tackle the data imbalance and low interpretability of defect samples, we proposed a spatial cloze strategy for fabric defect detection, which reconstructs a local normal image and then feeds it into the detection model with the original image simultaneously. Specifically, we formulate the defect detection task as a novel image completion problem. Firstly, an end-to-end deep neural network is trained to finely restore the defect image by completing each image slice removed in sequence. Next, the progressive attention mechanism fuses the repaired normal image with the raw image, replacing the input layer of the cascade region-based convolutional neural network. Eventually, accurate instance-level defect segmentation can be obtained by comparing the repaired defect-free and the raw images.

On the Tianchi dataset, the proposed method displays superior accuracy in 92% of defect classes, with a breakthrough in various categories that have hardly ever been detected. Extensive experiments on various complex fabric defect samples demonstrate that our strategy outperforms existing advanced methods.
Mean square consensus of heterogeneous multi-agent systems in the presence of actuator faults
Authors: Nazemorroaya Ehsan , Shafieirad Mohsen , Zahiripour Seyed Ali
Published: November 2022

This paper presents the mean square consensus of multi-agent systems in the presence of actuator faults and stochastic disturbances. The dynamics of agents are considered to be heterogeneous. In addition, the information exchange between agents is modeled by a directed graph. The actuator faults are assumed as bias fault and loss of effectiveness fault. Using the adaptive control method and neural networks, a distributed controller is designed for the consensus problem of heterogeneous multi-agent systems with actuator faults and stochastic disturbances. Also, by applying Lyapunov theory, it is proved that the distributed controller guarantees the mean square consensus of heterogeneous multi-agent systems in the presence of bias faults, loss of effectiveness faults, and stochastic disturbances. Eventually, two numerical simulations are provided to show the ability of the distributed controller in the consensus problem.
Experiences of occupational therapy clinicians on the assessment and evaluation of adult handgrip strength
Authors: Myles Louise , Massy-Westropp Nicola , Barnett Fiona
Published: November 2022

Introduction:

Handgrip strength (HGS) is commonly measured to assess hand function, however, little is known about how and why occupational therapists assess and interpret HGS. This study aimed to explore the experiences of occupational therapists who work with HGS. Additionally, the study explored what biological and functional factors occupational therapists believe influence adult HGS.

Method:

A qualitative study design utilising purposive sampling identified occupational therapy clinicians within Queensland, Australia who assess HGS. Data were collected from 19 participants using a semi-structured interview process. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results:

Variations of the American Society of Hand Therapists HGS testing procedure were used by the participants based on experience. When evaluating HGS, comparison to normative data was not always completed or seen to be valuable. Biological and functional factors such as height, hand length, occupation and lifestyle factors were considered to influence HGS.

Conclusion:

The results of this study provide insight into the various ways occupational therapists assess and evaluate HGS according to experience and practice context. These variations in assessment and evaluation of HGS along with the influence of an individual’s biological and functional factors need to be considered when interpreting HGS results.
Socially Assistive Humanoid Robots: Effects on Depression and Health-Related Quality of Life among Low-Income, Socially Isolated Older Adults in South Korea
Authors: Lee Othelia E. K. , Nam Ilsung , Chon Yongho , Park Albert , Choi Namkee
Published: November 2022

Using a mixed-method study design, we examined the effects of a socially assistive humanoid robot (SAHR), called Hyodol, on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of low-income, socially isolated older adults ( N = 180). Quantitative outcomes were assessed at baseline (before Hyodol deployment) and at 3 and 6 months after baseline. Results showed reduced depressive symptoms and improved HRQOL at 3 months; however, these positive effects did not extend to 6 months. Ten focus group participants perceived Hyodol to be a valuable companion especially during the COVID outbreak. These results suggest that while Hyodol may have provided companionship for some low-income, socially isolated older adults during home confinement, its effects on depression and HRQOL were limited. Further research is needed to assess long-term effects of SAHRs as appropriate tools for reducing social isolation and improving behavioral health among community-dwelling older adults.
Hydro-mechanical coupling characteristics and damage constitutive model of low-permeability granite under triaxial compression
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Xu Hongyu , Wang Wei , Mei Guoxiong , Liu Zaobao , Zheng Hong , Huang Shuling
Published: November 2022

To investigate the effect of hydro-mechanical coupling characteristic in low-permeability hard rocks during the excavation of groundwater-sealed energy cavern and hydraulic engineering tunnels or chambers, triaxial compression tests were conducted on engineering granite under different confining and seepage pressures. The mechanical properties, such as the strength and deformation parameters, of granite under hydro-mechanical coupling condition were studied. The permeability of the granite under different stresses first decreases, then stabilizes, and then increases significantly until the final abrupt change, and the inflection point of the abrupt change in permeability tends to be in advance as the confining pressure increases or the seepage pressure decreases. Based on the statistical damage theory and test result, combined with the Mogi-Coulomb strength criterion, a hydro-mechanical coupling statistical damage constitutive model that considers the rock damage threshold and the initial compaction effect was proposed, and the proposed mechanical model was verified based on the test results under different confining and seepage pressures. The proposed mechanical model was further applied to predict permeability catastrophes during rock fracturing and achieves good results. This study provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of hydro-mechanical coupled disasters in rock engineering.
Cognitive differences between healthy monolingual and bilingual anglophones on the English version of the Dépistage Cognitif de Québec: A new screening tool for atypical dementia
Authors: Lévesque Marianne , Ouellet Marie-Christine , Meilleur-Durand Synthia , Callahan Brandy L. , Bergeron David , Hsiung Ging-Yuek , Verret Louis , Fortin Marie-Pierre , Masellis Mario , Jarrett Pamela , Gauthier Serge , Poulin Stéphane , Cunnane Stephen C. , Villeneuve Sylvia , Macoir Joël , Bouchard Rémi W. , Laforce Robert
Published: November 2022

Aims and Objectives:

Cognitive abilities between monolingual and bilingual individuals may differ, making it an important factor to consider during the administration of cognitive screening tools. Otherwise, assessments could be subject to misinterpretation, leading to possible inaccurate diagnoses. The current project aimed to compare cognitive performance of healthy older monolingual and bilingual anglophones on the English version of a new cognitive screening test designed for better recognition of atypical dementia: the Dépistage Cognitif de Québec (DCQ; www.dcqtest.org ).

Design:

The DCQ was administered by qualified psychometricians to 85 native English-speaking participants aged 50 years and over, in various sites across Canada. Language proficiency was established using the Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to exclude individuals with cognitive impairments.

Data and Analysis:

Amid the anglophone participants recruited, 30 monolingual anglophones and 29 bilingual anglophones (English and French) met inclusion criteria. Groups had similar age, education, and MoCA scores. Monolinguals and bilinguals were compared on their total DCQ scores and each of the five DCQ indexes: Memory, Visuospatial, Executive, Language, and Behavioural.

Findings:

The bilingual participants performed better on the Language Index, which contributed to the significant bilingual advantage for the overall DCQ scores. When applying a Bonferroni correction, the differences between groups were, however, not maintained. No differences were found on any of the other indexes.

Originality:

This study is the first to explore psychometric properties of the DCQ in older monolingual and bilingual participants tested in their native language.

Implications:

Results highlight the importance of identifying and characterizing linguistic diversity before using new screening tools in clinical settings. The potential cognitive advantages of bilingualism should be considered when interpreting test data and explicitly discussed in neuropsychological reports.
A blessing and a curse? Examining public preferences for differentiated integration
Authors: De Blok Lisanne , De Vries Catherine E.
Published: November 2022

This study examines public preferences for two forms of differentiated integration (DI): opt-outs and multi-speed EU. Due to the low salience of DI in domestic politics, we suggest that people use ideological benchmarks when forming opinions about DI mostly relating to their general predispositions towards the EU. While pro-EU citizens are more in favor of DI in the form of multiple speeds as this might pose a solution to overcome gridlock, Euroskeptic citizens display more support for opt-outs as a means to accommodate concerns about national identity and control. These differences are in turn accentuated by people’s left-right ideology. We test our hypotheses using public opinion data from the Eurobarometer between 2004 and 2018 and complete it with novel survey data. Our results suggest that while support for DI has increased in recent years, DI preferences largely coincide with ideological predispositions. Our findings indicate that rather than overcoming preference heterogeneity within the EU, DI might entrench existing fault lines.
A Chinese woman’s journey to the “west”: Ethnographic knowledge production amid ambiguous power dynamics
Authors: Deng Grazia Ting
Published: November 2022

This article is a reflexive critique from a female Chinese anthropologist who conducted ethnographic fieldwork examining why Chinese immigrants have purchased local coffee bar businesses and how they manage their everyday racial/ethnic encounters in Bologna, Italy. It provides a new narrative of ethnographic knowledge production from the perspective of a non-Western woman amid ambiguous power dynamics in the metropolitan West. It examines the advantages and disadvantages of the ethnographer’s intersectional positionality, which affected her access to the field, interactions with interlocutors, and embodied experiences throughout multiple ethnographic encounters. It argues that none of the putatively disempowering notions, including racial/ethnic identity, gender, age, marital status, were necessarily barriers to the ethnographic knowledge production. This critique goes beyond the Euro/American frameworks of white/non-white and native/non-native binaries in understanding ethnographic knowledge production and further contributes to understanding the situated and relational nature of ethnographic knowledge and the process of its production.
Where There Is an Echo, There Is an Intention: Understanding the Echolalia Phenomenon of Children With Epilepsy and Autism
Authors: Yang Kun
Published: November 2022

Echolalia is a typical feature of children with epilepsy and autism, but whether it is pathological is still controversial. This article aims to explore the contentious issue of echolalia based on data from three selected Chinese children with epilepsy and autism. Through discourse analysis, we explored two types of echolalia: immediate echolalia and delayed echolalia. It was found that the two types of echolalia were used to achieve interactional function, interpersonal function, and experiential function. Our research also found that the echolalia phenomenon reflected the participants’ pragmatic awareness when dealing with new information. This article will contribute to understanding echolalia in children with epilepsy and autism and provide intervention methods for children with language impairment.
A Comparison of Reading Screeners in Kindergarten: The Texas Primary Reading Inventory and Acadience Reading With English Learners and Monolingual English Speakers
Authors: Keller-Margulis Milena A. , Matta Michael , Landry Pierce Lindsey , Zopatti Katherine , Reid Erin K. , Schanding G. Thomas
Published: November 2022

Measuring and identifying risk for reading difficulties at the kindergarten level is necessary for providing intervention as early as possible. The purpose of this study was to examine concurrent validity evidence of two kindergarten reading screeners, Acadience Reading and Texas Primary Reading Inventory (TPRI), as well as diagnostic accuracy at different performance levels on the Woodcock-Johnson IV (WJ IV) Reading Cluster and across ( N = 96) emergent bilingual and monolingual English learners in kindergarten. Findings indicated moderate correlations between Acadience Reading and TPRI with the WJ IV. Diagnostic accuracy results showed screening measures were inadequate when predicting WJ IV performance above 90 SS (standard score), but results improved for almost all measures and student groups when the threshold for performance was lowered to 80 SS. Acadience Reading Below Benchmark (AR BB) offered the lowest overall accuracy for emerging bilingual (EB) students. Implications for efficient and accurate use of reading screeners in schools are discussed.