bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FINANCIAL COMPENSATION, NON-PHYSICAL WORKING ENVIRONMENT, AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT ON EMPLOYEE WORK SPIRIT
Authors: ADHIRAJASA FAADILLAH , TJAHJADI KAREL
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study is to see compensation compensation, non-physical work environment, and organizational commitment to employee morale. The research was conducted at PT Sorik Marapi Geothermal Power Jakarta. The number of samples taken was 70 employees, with the saturation / census sample method. Data were collected through a questionnaire. The analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis techniques. Initial observations found that PT Sorik Marapi Geothermal Power Jakarta had problems related to employee morale. This condition can be seen from the high level of employee absenteeism. Based on the analysis, it is known that financial compensation, non-physical work environment, and organizational commitment have a positive effect on employee morale. This shows that the higher the compensation and organizational commitment, the higher the employee morale. In an effort to increase the morale of employees of PT Sorik Marapi Geothermal Power Jakarta, the company must pay attention to indicators whose average value is below the average value.
A Note on Identifying Critical Activities in Project Scheduling via Linear Programming on Spreadsheets, with Incidental Pedagogical Remarks
Authors: Light Gregory L.
Published: February 2021

This note presents a speedy resolution of the critical activities for the critical path method (CPM) in project management by first running Excel Solver to obtain the minimized time of the completion of the project in question and next perturbing the required times of all the involved activities concomitantly to reveal the critical activities by observing the difference in the minimized times. We use extensions of decimal places for the classroom demonstration of the above-said perturbation, and consider additions of log(prime numbers) to the required times of all the activities to serve any large-scale professional analyses without using tailored-made software. As a separate incidental pedagogical note, we show a heuristic approach to constructing exactly three constraints to yield positive optimal values for all the three decision variables in linear programming.
Effectiveness of fly ash in boron removal from Tuzla (Çanakkale) geothermal fluid
Authors: Şahin Mehmet Oğuzhan , Bektas Tijen Ennil , Şanlıyüksel Yücel Deniz
Published: February 2021

The heat accumulated in the inner parts of the earth's crust is transmitted to the fluid in the geothermal aquifer by means of transportation. The geothermal fluid is transported to the surface either by wells or naturally. In this study, the geothermal fluid in Tuzla geothermal field in Çanakkale city was examined due to its high boron content (10.3 mg L-1). It was aimed to remove boron from geothermal fluid by adsorption in order to prevent possible negative effects on the environment. Fly ash was obtained from Çan thermal power plant. The specific surface area of the fly ash was 14.6 m2 g-1 and the particle size was between 1.45 and 186 µm. According to ASTM C618 standard, fly ash was classified as Class C. Fly ash was composed of anhydrite, lime, hematite, cristobalite, quartz, calcite and feldspar. Various parameters such as initial pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and temperature were studied experimentally for the removal of boron from the geothermal fluid. The suitability of pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle kinetic models to experimental data was examined. The data obtained from the isotherm studies were applied to the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models.
Is Speech-Language Pathology’s Clinical Training Responsive to the South African Context?
Authors: Adams Skye , Mupawose Anniah , Kelly Che , Moonsamy Sharon
Published: February 2021

The absence of equitable speech- language pathology services for South Africa’s black majority has triggered a need to decolonise the clinical curriculum. The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of clinical educators when supervising diverse students in various community settings. A qualitative approach was employed, including interviewing seven clinical educators in speech-language pathology, in a focus group. The responses from the discussions were analysed using thematic content analysis. The participants highlighted themes and certain challenges (i) Differences (ii) discomfort (iii) clinical preparation and (iv) critical engagement. These results highlight a mismatch between the efforts of the department to transform and the experiences of the clinical educators. The results further highlight the need for the department to support clinical educators in developing a mind-set of change, of shifting the power dynamics and valuing intercultural communication.
ISSUES OF ELASTICITY OF THE TAX SYSTEM OF AZERBAIJAN IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION
Authors:   University «Azerbaijan», Melikova L.A.G.
Published: February 2021

The article presents materials of theoretical and empirical research on important elements and components of the state regulation system, in particular, on the country’s tax system. The main functions and significance of the elements of the country’s tax system, and their effectiveness in increasing the transparency of tax mechanisms are considered. Attention is drawn to the theoretical and methodological foundations and approaches to the formation of an adequate tax policy of the country, taking into account globalization and new challenges. The coefficient of elasticity of taxes in Azerbaijan for 2010-2018 was calculated, reflecting the degree of dependence of income from taxes in relation to changes at the macroeconomic level and associated with the efficiency of the functioning of the entire state as a whole. The importance of improving the existing approaches and principles of state regulation in the direction of improving the mechanisms of the tax system is substantiated. The need to update the existing fiscal instruments, taking into account the priority goals and objectives of the country’s tax strategy, was emphasized. The importance of accelerating targeted measures to ensure maximum transparency of the tax environment is disclosed and argued. The principal approaches and criteria for increasing the responsibility of taxpayers have been studied and summarized. Possible directions of ensuring the growth of tax revenues to balance the income and expenditure side of the country’s budget are analyzed. A number of important criteria for stabilizing the economy through tax mechanisms are noted: diversification of the tax base; modernization of practiced fiscal mechanisms and instruments; improvement of fiscal components in accordance with new challenges. The study examined the key issues of increasing the efficiency of government regulation in the tax area. The priority tasks of the fiscal authorities and the importance of strengthening the activities of the country’s tax services in the context of the global coronavirus pandemic are described. Suggestions and recommendations were given on the issues of improving the tax system of Azerbaijan in modern conditions.
MODELING OF THE PROCESSES FORMED BY RETAIL TRADE NETWORKS
Authors:   Kazan State Power Engineering University, Valeeva Y.S.
Published: February 2021

The main purpose of this study is to consider the influence of internal and external factors on the development of services of retail trade networks. Studying the internal factors of development of services, it should be noted that for enterprises of network formats, which include retail trade networks, it is very important to have their own service standards, personalized approaches of interaction and contact with consumers to ensure the quality of the provision of trade services. Attentive attitude towards customers is ensured, among other things, by reducing the tension and intensity of staff work. The article presents a hypothesis about the identified internal and external factors affecting the development of retail trade networks, showing their influence or connection. Customer focus is seen as one of the priority factors and is divided into two categories in relation to customers and employees of the retail chain. The quality of trade services largely depends on the customer focus of consumers. Using a paired regression model, we analyzed the impact on the share of attracted customers in relation to factors such as customer satisfaction with the service in order to understand how satisfied consumers are with the interaction with the enterprise; average frequency of visits to the retail network (customer traffic) per week per 1 m2 of retail space; net support index; an indicator of dissatisfaction with the service. The dependence and influence of these factors on customer satisfaction have been determined. The analysis of environmental factors was carried out using the method of principal components, three groups of factors and their impact were identified. The resulting indicators of the «dynamics of retail trade turnover per capita» are the average per capita cash income of the region's population, the availability of retail space, the development of transport infrastructure, the proximity of administrative centers, accounting for which made it possible to forecast the dynamics of total regional income.
ANALYSIS OF THE LEVEL OF WELFARE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIFFERENTIATION OF THE RUSSIAN POPULATION
Authors:   Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation named after V. Ya. Kikotya, Minakov A.V.
Published: February 2021

At the present stage, the problem of socio-economic differentiation of the country's population is becoming quite significant, which is even more aggravated in the context of macroeconomic instability. The crisis and tension in relations with Western countries have a negative impact on the social structure of the population through a negative impact on the country's economy, exacerbating the processes of differentiation, while sustainable development presupposes the achievement of the general welfare of citizens. The main purpose of the article is to study the level of well-being of the population and its differentiation. This goal setting dictates the need to develop not only theoretical approaches to understanding the categories of «welfare» and «socio-economic differentiation of the population», but also in practice - to understand the current situation at the present stage. The study used the comparative method (for comparing macroeconomic indicators), analytical, method of economic and statistical analysis (use of statistical data) and some others. The main result of the study is the substantiation of theoretical approaches to changes in the level of well-being of the population, taking place against the background of large-scale processes of globalization and the existing instability of economic relations both within the country and between states, which leads to imbalances in society and aggravated differentiation of the population by income, which can cause social tension in Russia. The socio-economic development of the country is, first of all, a factor influencing the standard of living of Russians. Through negative crisis moments, the stratification of society occurs, which leads to a decrease in the quality of life. An analysis of the level of well-being of the population is necessary in parallel with the study of indicators reflecting this level, in order to be able to track the depth of the process of differentiation of the population in relation to income.
MECHANISM OF MOTIVATING PERSONNEL INTELLECTUAL ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors:   Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Shashlo N.V. , Petruk G.V. ,   Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service
Published: February 2021

The article is aimed at improving conceptual, theoretical, methodological and applied aspects of forming the mechanism for personnel intellectual activity motivation in the context of digital transformations. The relevance of the study is confirmed by the dominance of the intellectual factor in functioning of universities' as a key one in achieving the goals of activities in the prism of digitalization. The article further developed the conceptual and categorical apparatus for the problematic of motivating personnel's intellectual activity. The importance of “intellectualizing” trends in the modern conditions of social development is determined. The fundamental principles of intellectual growth are revealed. The classification aspects of the motives that induce the employee to intellectual and innovative activities are expanded. The classification structure of motives are highlighted, which is represented by the following groups: psychological and cognitive; cognitive-intellectual; emotional and motivational; material and value; social and communicative. The conceptual provisions for the process of forming a mechanism for motivating personnel intellectual activity have been formed. A model for motivating the intellectual activity of personnel based on B. Skinner's motivational theory of reinforcement is proposed. Methodological support for creating a mechanism motivating personnel intellectual activity as a target function of management in the context of digital transformations has been developed. An algorithm for the formation of a mechanism for motivating the intellectual activity of personnel has been formed, including a set of stages with a description of the constituent elements and the processes of their implementation. The tools of the mechanism of motivating the intellectual activity of personnel, used in the management practice of a particular university, are characterized. The obtained effects from the introduction of tools for the mechanism of motivating the intellectual activity of the university staff in the form of certain motives are highlighted. This article is of particular value for the top management of universities, which need to manage the intellectual activity of staff, as well as motivate research and teaching staff in the context of global digital transformations.
SUPPORTING YOUNG PEOPLE IN OBTAINING QUALITY EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT: SOCIO-ECONOMIC GUARANTEES IN DENMARK, NORWAY, FINLAND AND SWEDEN
Authors:   Tyumen State University, Riekkinen M.A. , Gafner A.I. ,   Tyumen State University, Ragozina L.Y. ,   Tyumen State University
Published: February 2021

The labor market in the Nordic countries has adjusted to the general high educational standards of the population. Young people who, having just graduated from school, have neither the education necessary for employment, nor the work experience required by many employers become especially vulnerable. Accordingly, this article focuses on the socio-economic support measures for young people in the four Nordic countries: Denmark, Norway, Finland and Sweden. In these states, young people can focus on obtaining quality education that contributes to further productive and freely chosen employment. The state ensures their existence during admission to study and job searches. Young people can afford to choose the profession that really interests them. Thus, young people do not need to enroll in accessible (but not always interesting) specialties. Which is fully consistent with the objectives of the ILO Convention on the Promotion of Employment and Protection against Unemployment, 1988 (No. 168), i.e. to promote “full, productive and freely chosen employment by all appropriate measures, including social security”. Nevertheless, in order to receive support from the state, young people need to demonstrate active attempts to enter educational institutions and participate in programs of employment agencies. The authors analyze the logic and content of the youth vector of social policy in these countries and analyze specific measures of economic support for youth. The analysis is carried out on the basis of studying scientific literature, regulatory legal acts, statistical and reporting materials.
ANALYTICS FOR DETERMINING COMFORTABLE VALUES OF THE CONSTRUCTION FIRM PROFITS BASING ON EMPIRICAL ESTIMATED COEFFICIENTS
Authors:   Tyumen Industrial University, Vasilyev V.D. , Vasilyev E.V. ,   Housing and Communal Services, Tyumen Industrial University,, Sbitnev A.E. ,   Housing and Communal Services, Tyumen Industrial University
Published: February 2021

Profitability indicators are important elements that reflect the factor environment in forming enterprises’ profits. Therefore, they are mandatory when conducting a comparative analysis and assessing the financial condition of an enterprise. In addition, profitability indicators are used in the analysis of the enterprise management efficiency, in determining the long-term well-being of the enterprise, and can also be used as a tool for investment policy and pricing. By establishing the relationship between the amount of profit and the amount of invested capital, the rate of return can be used in the process of forecasting profit. The final financial result (balance sheet profit or loss) of the activity of a construction organization consists of the financial result from the delivery of objects, works and services provided for by contracts to the customer, the sale of fixed assets and other property of the construction organization, products and services of ancillary and auxiliary industries on the balance sheet construction organization. Based on the above, it is possible to formulate the main goal of the proposed research results as a choice of the most adequate model for assessing the construction enterprise’s profitability. The article discusses the classic emergent estimated coefficients of the firm’s performance. Having performed analytical transformations with bringing empirical developments into a comparable generalized form, the authors obtained conditions that determine the comfortable values of the profit before and after taxation. The resulting formalized models significantly expand the toolkit of top managers and develop new areas of business analytics.
ANALYSIS OF THE DIVERSIFIED AND THE HIGHLY SPECIALIZED ENTERPRISES’ FINANCIAL STABILITY
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Karpets O.V. , Andreev A.A. ,   Far Eastern Federal University
Published: February 2021

Today it is getting harder for companies all over the world to stay in the market, as doing business is associated with great risks. It is especially true for the young enterprises that have just set up or are at this stage. When a certain group of persons made a decision to begin and run a business, then one of the main questions that, as a rule, should arise first of all for them - what the company will do and according to what strategy it will carry out its main activities. It is easy to guess that the question of the future strategy of the enterprise is much more complicated for both new companies and existing ones, even though today there are many different development strategies for practically any enterprise, regardless of the size of its charter capital, scope of activity and other important factors. There are a great many development strategies, but most general are two - diversification and specialization. One strategy involves the concentration of production and the sale of one type of goods, while the other strategy is its absolute opposite, which involves the creation of several lines of goods that are in no way connected with each other, and the sale of these goods to different sales markets. The purpose of this article is to determine, basing on real data, which of the two strategies is most effective. Research objectives: determination of criteria for the selection of the necessary enterprises; compiling a list of enterprises and indicators of financial stability; analysis of the results obtained and the answer to the research question. After completing all the tasks and objectives of the study, it was concluded that those enterprises that use a diversification strategy are in a more stable financial position than enterprises that use a specialization strategy.
GREAT VICTORY ECONOMY: ARCTIC INDUSTRY DURING THE 1941–1945 WAR
Authors:   Kola Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vopilovskiy S.S.
Published: February 2021

The study presents the activities of the leading industrial enterprises of the Russian Federation Arctic zone during the Great Patriotic War. The mechanism of restructuring civilian industrial enterprises of Murmansk on a war footing in difficult climatic, economic and psychological conditions of war is analyzed. The official documents that marked the beginning of the anti-Hitler coalition were examined. The social composition of the population of the Kola Peninsula has been determined. The heroic work of Murmansk residents at the main industrial enterprises of the city is presented. The role of executives is highlighted. The huge contribution of the key enterprises to achieving the Victory is estimated. The key economic indicators of the industrial enterprises’ activities showing the real picture of the economic situation at the industries in the difficult conditions of the Arctic hostilities are outlined. The labor activity of workers of the most important enterprises of the People’s Commissariat for Fishery of the USSR in the city of Murmansk in terms of their industrial importance: seaport, fishing port, shipyard, Kirov railway, Kola regional energy system is presented. It has been determined that these enterprises are still the main economy base of the Arctic region nowadays. The purpose of the study is to assess the Soviet control system in wartime period 1941-1945 for the defeat of Nazi Germany. The preservation and further development of the leading industrial enterprises of the city of Murmansk and the Murmansk region is substantiated. It is determined that the heroic labor of the northerners made a significant contribution to the approach of the Victory. Celebrating the 75th anniversary of the Great Victory of the Soviet people over the enemy, today’s Murmansk residents preserve the bright memory of all residents of the military Murmansk. Today Murmansk is the largest industrial center at the North-West of Russia.
ANALYSIS OF THE FIRST CONSEQUENCES OF INTRODUCING THE QUARANTINE AND SOME SCENARIOS FOR DEVELOPING THE “COVID ECONOMY” IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Ananishnev V.V.
Published: February 2021

The restrictions imposed by the governments of different countries for almost all business entities have become new conditions for their functioning for a period of one quarter or more, and led to the emergence of new economic relations and a corresponding recession up to an economic crisis in some industries. To avoid the economic crisis and to pay compensation, to allocate subsidies and other support measures, the governments of different countries used various methods of saving public resources, which further exacerbated the situation for citizens and enterprises, forcing them to seek and use new ways of doing business, which was the beginning of the “COVID economy”. State support measures in the Russian Federation were not applied to all sectors, but only to some types of activities (according to OKVED). Therefore, some enterprises had the only way to postpone the fulfillment of their obligations under the contract - to issue a certificate of evidence of force majeure circumstances according to the RF CCI. Because of the large number of contracts, the process of obtaining the certificates was lengthened; in addition, in some cases, such certificates were to be paid for. Most experts assess government support measures for the “COVID economy” in the Russian Federation as useful, but not effective enough. According to the operator of online cash registers “Evotor”, 19% of the enterprises in the Russian Federation did not continue the work after July 1, 2020. As of July 30, 2020, the second wave of the pandemic is expected in the world; and regardless of its arrival, a recession passing into the economic crisis will continue with possible intensification.
MULTI-MODEL APPROACH TO THE INTELLIGENT ANALYSIS OF CITIZENS’ APPEALS
Authors:   National Research University ‘Moscow Power Engineering Institute’ (Smolensk Branch), Dli M.I. , Bulygina O.V. ,   National Research University ‘Moscow Power Engineering Institute’ (Smolensk Branch), Kuksin R.P. ,   Financial University of the Government of the Russian Federation (Smolensk branch)
Published: February 2021

Today, implementation of the concept of electronic government is one of the priority tasks of state policy in Russia. One of the elements of this concept is organizing effective interaction between authorities and citizens (the Government-to-Citizen model), which, besides providing public services, should include processing of electronic applications (applications, complaints, suggestions, etc.). In turn, the speed and efficiency of processing the incoming requests depends to a large extent on the quality of the definition of the corresponding thematic heading, i.e. solving the problem of rubrication (classification). An analysis of citizens’ appeals to e-mail and official websites of various government bodies revealed a number of specific features (small size, errors in the text, free style of presentation, description of several problems) that do not allow the successful application of traditional approaches to rubrication. To solve this problem, it was proposed to use various methods of mining unstructured text data (in particular, fuzzy-logical algorithms, fuzzy decision trees, fuzzy pyramidal networks, neuro-fuzzy classifier, convolutional and recurrent neural networks). This article describes a new approach to the analysis of electronic communications from citizens, based on the complex application of several rubrication models, which is distinguished by taking into account the degree of intersection of thematic headings, the dynamism of their thesauri and the volume of accumulated statistical information. For a situation where a specific model cannot make an unambiguous choice of a thematic heading, it is proposed to use the method of voting of classifiers, which can significantly reduce the probability of classification errors based on weighted aggregation of solutions obtained by several models.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF DIGITAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Air Force Academy, Popova S.V.
Published: February 2021

Scientific and technological progress in the post-industrial society makes it possible to improve the entire system of economic relations both nationally and globally. Today, the activities of the leading countries are inextricably linked with the development of information technologies. On their basis, the USA, Japan, Germany, Great Britain and other countries are actively involved in the process of digitalization of their economies, using the information and communication infrastructure as a foundation. Digital technologies are actively spreading in economic and social spheres (artificial intelligence, robotics, the Internet of things, wireless technology). The digital economy is becoming the basis for the development of the economic system. Very often the digital economy is seen as a sign of the fourth industrial revolution and the third wave of globalization. New opportunities for digitalization consist in gaining access to goods when the buyer needs it, thereby helping to save material and financial resources, space and time. The availability of many benefits affects the development of the behavioral economy, thereby linking it to the digital one. The era of high technologies and communications has highlighted the key points in favor of the development of the digital economy. However, this process is contradictory and its implementation requires a comprehensive analysis, since touches upon issues of a socio-economic nature. Digitalization can solve many problems, but it can also create the same number. These problems relate to the massive dissemination of digital technologies, the formation of human capital, the development of the labor market, as well as the moral and ethical side of human life and society. This is a new era in which not the whole society benefits, but a community of IT companies influencing fluctuations in the price of securities that constantly generate new stock speculations. It is clear that the transition of society to the digital economy is inevitable; this is an essential requirement of the times. The digital economy manifests in itself dialectical principles and the identification of the ambiguity of this phenomenon in economic reality determines its relevance, significance and the possibility of further development.
POTATOES AND VEGETABLES PRODUCTION IN THE WORLD AND IN THE MAJOR COUNTRIES
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Mukhametzyanov R.R. , Britik E.V. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy
Published: February 2021

Potato and vegetable growing are important branches of agriculture; they are of particular importance in some countries of the world. Potatoes and vegetables are an essential part of the adequate food supply for the population of many countries, including the developing ones. Basing on the statistical data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN), the authors examined the changes in the production volume of these products in the world as a whole for 1961-2018, as well as for the period 1992-2018 in some countries - the twenty largest producers of potatoes and vegetables in 2018. A number of trends were identified, in particular, it was noted that in 2018, the global gross harvest of potatoes, compared to 1961, increased only 1.36 times, while that of vegetables - 5.51 times. At the same time, there was a change in the positions of states in the corresponding world ranking of countries, which are the major producers of these products. In absolute terms, China and India have significantly increased the production of potatoes and vegetables, and therefore their share in the global gross harvest of these types of products has grown significantly. In some traditional producers of potatoes and vegetables, these indicators have declined. The quantitative and qualitative changes we observe inevitably have a significant impact on both the volume of the world market and the parameters of international trade in potatoes and vegetables. As for Russia, our country is gradually losing its position in potato production: in 1993, instead of our country, China moved up to the first place in terms of its gross harvest, and in 2004, India moved to the second place. Until 2016, Russia ranked third in the global ranking, but in 2017-2018. Ukraine moved it to the fourth position. With regard to the production of vegetables, similar trends can be noted, while in 1992 our country was ranked seventh in the world in terms of their gross harvest, and in 2018 it was the tenth. We believe that in order to ensure food independence of our country, to develop national markets for potatoes and vegetables, and to increase the export potential of domestic potato and vegetable growing, it is necessary to carry out scientifically grounded and systematic work to increase the production of potatoes and vegetables in agricultural organizations in Russia.
ASYMMETRIC INTERDEPENDENCE AS A BASIS FOR FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Ozarnov R.V.
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the theoretical and methodological foundations for the development of financial and economic cooperation between countries at the present stage, as well as the features of financial and economic relations diversification in order to reduce the asymmetric interdependence of countries in the face of increasing global imbalances, increased volatility of world financial markets, and the COVID-19 pandemic. The subject of this research is economic relations arising in the process of interaction between countries both on a bilateral basis and in a multilateral format. The paper deals with Russian-Chinese cooperation. On the one hand, the complementarity of the basic sectors of the economy of the two countries objectively contributes to increasing cooperation and trade. On the other hand, the asymmetric interdependence of Russia and its foreign trade partners, in particular China, contributes to the conservation of an archaic trade model based on Russian raw material export and Chinese manufacturing products. Methods for diversifying financial and economic relations are proposed, consisting in expanding the flows of foreign direct investment, using and developing technical and innovative progress, reducing transaction costs, trade and investment barriers, deepening Russian-Chinese cooperation within the BRICS, SCO and other organizations and expanding the scope of using national currencies in mutual settlements. The research is based on general scientific methods of cognition, such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, graphic interpretation of statistical information, time series. On the basis of the study, the author concluded that diversification of financial and economic relations helps to reduce the asymmetric interdependence of countries at the present stage. The novelty of the article lies in the substantiation of the phenomenon of asymmetric interdependence as a method for studying the problems and trends of financial and economic cooperation between countries, highlighting the drivers of diversification, which allows reducing asymmetric interdependence. On the basis of a comparative statistical analysis, the tendency of reorientation of Russia’s foreign economic activity towards Asian markets, in particular, the PRC market, has been confirmed.
INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN CROP PRODUCTION
Authors:   Russian National Research Institute of Economics and Standards, Egorova O.V.
Published: February 2021

Political, climatic and economic risks threaten the provision of the population with food, the development of exports, and the financial stability of agricultural producers. Therefore, the goal of accelerating the innovative and technological development of the plant growing industry becomes even more urgent. The current state and innovative activity in the industry were analyzed using the methods of economic and statistical, comparative and graphical analysis. Over the past five years, the sown area in Russia has increased and the yield of sunflower, sugar beet, the area of cultivation of vegetables and potatoes has decreased with insignificant fluctuations in their yield. This provided an increase in the gross harvest of sunflower by 66%, sugar beet by 39%, leguminous crops by 16%, vegetables by 7%, gross harvest of potatoes decreased by 13%. At the same time, the rate of renewal of agricultural machinery and the volume of fertilization remained insufficient. Due to the lack of own funds from agricultural producers and weak financial support from the state, innovative activity in the industry remained very low. To forecast and develop a state strategy for accelerating the innovative and technological development of crop production, statistics on innovations in crop production are needed. Rosstat began to form it in 2016. At the moment, the short time series and the lack of research methods adapted to crop production make it difficult to make high-quality forecasts. There is a need to refine the methods for assessing the innovative activity of agricultural organizations in crop production.
ASSESSMENT OF THE SVERDLOVSK REGION INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL
Authors:   Ural State University of Economics, Lyashenko E.A.
Published: February 2021

The article assesses the innovative potential of the Sverdlovsk region using the following indicators: the number of personnel engaged in research and development and having an academic degree; research and development costs; the use of objects of intellectual property; the number of technologies developed and patents issued; innovative activity of business entities; volume of innovative products; the activity of technopark structures, etc. The analysis was carried out in dynamics using graphic methods. It was revealed that the Sverdlovsk region, being a large industrial region, has a higher innovative potential among other entities of the Ural Federal District, and it belongs to the medium-strong innovative territories of Russia. Nevertheless, some problems were identified: insufficient increase in the remuneration of personnel involved in innovative activities, insufficient increase in the cost of purchasing equipment, which is 6-7 times less than the tax burden on innovative organizations; decrease in the share of economic entities implementing innovations. In the investigated constituent entity of the Russian Federation, a number of normative legal acts have been adopted concerning the development of innovative activity, and strategic planning documents (strategy, concept, state program) have been developed, in which directions for increasing the innovation potential of the region are enshrined, in particular, financial and other support, stimulating demand for innovative products, infrastructure development, including technology parks. As foreign experience shows, in innovation, it is important to coordinate the interests of all factors (government, business, science, education, civil society). Therefore, the article proposes to use more actively the mechanism of the “triple helix”, enshrined at the legislative level. A number of measures are also proposed to increase the innovative potential of the country in general and of the Sverdlovsk region in particular.
INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE KALUGA REGION: FACTORS AND ASSESSMENT METHODS
Authors:   Kaluga State University, Subbotina T.N.
Published: February 2021

Active development of the region's economy is impossible without attracting investment. Investment activity is the most important determinant of effective social and economic development of the regional economy. It is important for potential investors to correctly assess the investment attractiveness of the region and determine the level of investment risk. The article examines the main factors of investment attractiveness of the regions of the Russian Federation. The analysis of the main methods of assessing the investment attractiveness of regions used in Russian practice is carried out. The article draws attention to the tendency of refusal from simple calculation of financial indicators towards in-depth economic analysis when assessing the investment attractiveness of regions. The conclusion is drawn about the relationship between the level of investment attractiveness and the presence of a strong regional management team capable of creating a favorable investment climate. On the example of the Kaluga region, which implements the cluster approach in the development strategy, an analysis of investment attractiveness is carried out using the rating methods of the Agency for Strategic Initiatives and the Rating Agency “Expert”. The role of the automotive, pharmaceutical and transport and logistics clusters in attracting direct investment to the region in 2017-2019 has been determined. The volume of investments in the regional economy and the change in the gross regional product of the Kaluga region for the analyzed period are analyzed. The study used a comparative method, analytical, method of economic and statistical analysis (use of statistical data). The main result of the study was to identify the reasons for the dynamics of factors of investment attractiveness. Recommendations are given for the optimal methodology for assessing investment attractiveness, in particular, on the need to provide open access to the rating results, to be adaptive, to realistically assess the regional gap and to take into account the investment and innovation activity.
TRENDS OF FORMING HUMAN CAPITAL IN VARIOUS AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS PATTERNS
Authors:   Kurgan State Agricultural Academy, Medvedeva T.N.
Published: February 2021

The essence of the developing human capital in rural areas is to provide each enterprise in the industry with qualified personnel and efficient and rational use of human labor. The purpose of this study is to highlight the features of the formation of human capital in various forms of organization of agricultural business. The methodological basis of the research is the works of domestic and foreign scientists on the formation and development of human capital, including its formation in rural areas. The information base of the study was the data of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Department of Agroindustrial Complex of the Kurgan Region. In the course of the study, the methods of scientific generalization and grouping were used, as well as methods of statistical analysis, comparison, which make it possible to carry out the necessary statistical data processing, their interpretation and drawing conclusions arising from the study. The author revealed that formation and use of human resources in the agricultural enterprises of the Trans-Urals is extremely uneven. Large disparities are reflected not only in the quantitative, but also in the qualitative state of the available human capital, as well as in the level of its use. Thus, a large share of those employed in agricultural production is occupied by people of pre-retirement age. Working-age workers in rural areas, as well as young people, are mainly not satisfied with working conditions, low wages and underdeveloped rural infrastructure. The solution to the problem of the outflow of the rural population of the Trans-Urals lies only in changing the named parameters, but also in stimulating various forms of management by providing subsidies, concessional lending, state support, and implementing a program for the financial recovery of agricultural producers, which will contribute to increasing the efficiency of agricultural production.
STUDY OF THE CONSISTENCY OF EXPERT ASSESSMENTS WITH DEPENDENT SAMPLES
Authors:   Tver State Agricultural Academy, Ganicheva A.V. , Ganichev A.V. ,   Tver State Technical University
Published: February 2021

The problem of the agreement in experts’ opinions is one of the main ones in making collective decisions. The quality of the collective decision (accuracy, reliability, reliability, number of experts, time and laboriousness of decision making) depends on the degree of consistency of expert decisions. The article discusses the issues of reliability of estimates given by a group of experts for dependent samples. The dependence of random variables in samples is manifested, first of all, in testing systems. The dependence can be between the test questions, as well as between the student’s answers to the test questions on different topics. A connection can also be found between the answers of different trainees with a similar assimilation of the educational material. In the article, to determine the consistency of expert assessments, the indicator is the sum of centered values of random variables corresponding to the assigned estimates. This indicator characterizes the total scatter of expert assessments relative to the arithmetic mean of the collective assessment. In case of complete agreement of opinions, the value of the indicator is zero. The characteristics of the scatter of estimates are derived from the Chebyshev theorem. The lower and upper bounds of the estimation error are obtained. The confidence interval for the correlation coefficient is built. A formula for finding the proportion of possible deviations in the score is derived. The behavior of the boundaries of the confidence interval was investigated for different values of the point estimate. The case is considered when all correlation coefficients are non-negative. A comparison is made of the behavior of the boundaries of the confidence intervals for non-negative correlation coefficients and the general case. The results obtained can be used, for example, in testing systems for personnel training, in product quality control systems, to select promising technologies, and medical diagnostics.
ECONOMIC CRIME IN RUSSIA: MAIN TRENDS AND FACTORS
Authors:   Ogarev Mordovia State University, Moskaleva E.G.
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of studying the level of crime in the economic sphere in the country on the basis of official statistical information from Rosstat and the General Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation. Economic crimes are difficult enough to detect, and the scale of latent economic crime is very large. In addition, the complexity of research in this area is due to the lack of precisely defined and unambiguously interpreted terms: “crimes in economic sphere”, “economic crimes”, “crime in economic field” or “crimes in the field of economic activity”. Summarizing the experience of theoretical and empirical research in this area, the author identifies three approaches to the interpretation of the concept of “economic crime”: legislative (based on the provisions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), departmental and research. The consequences of economic crimes inflict irreparable harm on economic entities, society, the state as a whole, and undermine national security. The systematization of statistical data and the research carried out over a long period of time made it possible to identify the main trends in the situation from the standpoint of criminalization and decriminalization of the Russian economy, as well as to identify regions with an increased level of economic crime. The criminological analysis of crime in the sphere of economic activity has shown that there is an increase in negative trends, and with the development of the economy, it is necessary to strengthen activities to suppress economic crime. The statistical analysis of empirical data and monographic analysis made it possible to determine the most effective, in the author’s opinion, directions of combating economic crime in the modern world.
IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE OF CITIZENS THROUGH THE PRISM OF LINGUISTIC PSYCHOLOGY
Authors:   Institute of philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pronin M.A. , Ananishnev V.V. ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: February 2021

The coronavirus pandemic, which has become a challenge not only for doctors, but also for psychologists around the world, will have a long-term psychological effect for Russians. At the same time, a way out of the crisis can, on the contrary, make people stronger and speed up the economic recovery, as it was after the plague and the Spanish flu, experts say. According to historical data on the consequences of plague and Spanish flu epidemics in Europe and the United States, given in a report by Dmitry Ushakov, Director of the Institute of psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, it often turned out that people who survived them lived longer, and the most affected regions showed higher recovery rates. Experts note the growing demand for psychological assistance among people who have witnessed a global pandemic. Problems related to the consequences of stress that people faced in self-isolation have become more acute. These are also problems related to the violation of the traditional way of life, being isolated, in General, there is a certain aggression around the world, an increase in domestic violence, and many other issues. Psychologists found themselves in the situation of an included experiment. Despite the absence of a “mental epidemic”, citizens of various countries, experiencing fear and confusion, turned to its Internet to get the necessary information about the pandemic in order to eliminate fears for their health and the health of their relatives, including mental health. Its Internet today contains a lot of chats (correspondence) both in the professional language among medical personnel, as well as non-specialists. Thus, the pandemic has started to have an impact not only on health but also on the language itself. Some of the opportunities that can give science and society to learn the language of the pandemic are discussed in this article.