bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KAZAKLARDA AŞIK (AYTISKER) ATIŞMALARININ (AYTISLARIN) ÖZELLİKLERİ
Authors: ALTINKAYNAK Erdoğan , ASHİMOVA Dinara , NAUANOVA Gulzana
Published: May 2019

Atışma;
hayatın gerçeğini ifade eden bir sözlü nazım türüdür. Karşı karşıya gelen iki
âşık birbirlerine karşı üstünlük elde etmek ve rakibi sözle alt etmenin yollarını
ararlar. Öncelikle karşılıklı olarak birbirlerini selamlarlar. Daha sonra
dinleyicilerin hal ve hatırını sorarak onları onurlandırlar. Selamlaşma faslı
bittikten sonra asıl icraya başlarlar. Karşı taraftaki kim olursa olsun,
düşünce ve sözleriyle onları tuzağa düşürmeye çalışırlar. Rakip aytıskerin söz
ve düşüncelerini boşa çıkarıp kendi söz ve düşüncelerini üste çıkararak birbirlerini
alt etmeye çalışırlar. Sözlerde güzellik, hikemilik, felsefilik, etkililik,
nükte ile ortaya çıkartılır. Kim bunları güncelleştirerek sözlerinin içine
katar ise o kazanmış olur. Atışılan konu ne kadar acı gerçekler olsa da bunu
halkın önünde söylemek zorundadır. Birbirlerine karşı hakarete varan sözleri
sarfederken de bunu tatlı bir muziplik içinde gerçekleştirirler. Atışmanın gereklerini
bilen halk, aytısçıların birbirleriyle mücadelesini anlayışla karşılar.
Aytısçılardan herhangi birisi rakibine karşı söyleyecek söz bulamadığında
yenilmiş olur.   Atışmada bir kaç tane âşık bulunabilir ama atışmalar
genellikle çifterli gruplar halinde yapılır. Bu durum Türkiye, Azerbaycan, Gürcistan, İran
coğrafyası ile benzerdir.

Bu
türden sözlü halk şiiri, atasözleri gibi, 19. yüzyılda, Kazak müziğinin, din ve
törensel zincirlerden kurtarıldığı ve bağımsız bir halk sanatı olarak gelişmeye
başladığı bir dönemde ortaya çıktı. Bu dönem, halkın temel müzikal
geleneklerini - enstrümantal, şarkı ve akın - zenginleştiren ulusun gerçekten
ruhani bir rönesansı haline geldi.
Belgesel Sinema Dili ve Savaş
Authors: TORUN Hale
Published: May 2019

Savaş yaşadığımız
dünyanın en temel gerçeğidir. İnsanlık tarihi boyunca paylaşımların, sınıflar
arası mücadelesi kitlesel savaşlara neden olmuştur. Savaşın kendi doğası, mantığı
içerisinde kalan insanlık için insancıl düşünce birkaç kez bütün halinde
kırılmıştır. İnsanlık tarihinin bu karanlık yüzü kitle iletişimin tüm araçları
ile beraber birer seyirlik oyun durumuna gelmiştir. Savaşlar sadece askeri
birer harekât olmaktan çıkmış, sivillerin diğer sivilleri öldürülürken izlediği
dramalar haline gelmiştir. Politik dünya ve politik kamera her zaman savaşın
içinden birer bir yayın yapamazlar. Bazen küresel sistemde yapılmaması,
gösterilmemesi gereken işaretler devreye girer. Gazetecilik, habercilik etiği
ile savaşın politik arka planı karşı karşıya kalır. Günümüzde savaşların şekil
değiştirmesi ile birlikte sıcak bölgeler dediğimiz çatışma alanları büyük
şehirlere de kaymaya başlamıştır. Siyasal sonuçlarının yanı sıra sosyal açıdan
da tüm dünyanın küresel göç dalgaları ile sarsılmasına yol açan yıkıcı savaşlar
artık karşımızdadır. Küresel savaşın diğer yüzü ise iç savaş ve terördür. Artık
terör de savaşın bir başka yüzü olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bütün bunların
tanığı olan ve tarafsızlığına dair beklentilerimiz olan ise yine gazeteciler,
belgeselciler ve muhabirlerdir. Onların yaşamlarını adadıkları belgelemek
mesleği, bizim için dünyanın diğer tarafından haber almak anlamına gelmektedir.
Çalışmada aktarılmaya çalışılacak olan savaşın araçları ile belgeselcilerin
karşılaştığı sorunlardır. Savaşı görsel dünyada belgelemenin koşullarını, sinema
dili ile anlatmanın güçlükleri üzerinden gidilmiştir. İncelenen kavramlar
savaş, döngüsel ve küreselleşme, kapitalizm, politik kamera üzerinden incelenecektir.
Makalede Görsel Hikâyeleme yöntemi ile
belgesel anlatı kavramı üzerinde
durulmuştur.
MUHAMMED SADIK BEY AĞABEYZADE, TUĞGENERAL, BAKAN YARDIMCISI, DOĞUBİLİMCİ
Authors: MANAFOV Namaz , MANAFOVA Maarife
Published: May 2019

Azerbaycan Halk Cumhuriyetinin yıkılması, değerli şahsiyetlerin kaybı, ülkedeki önde gelen aydınların ülkeden uzaklaştırılması ve göçmen yaşamının empoze edilmesi anlamınageliyordu. Bu aydınlardan biri de, Azerbaycan Halk Cumhuriyeti döneminde İçişleri Bakan Yardımcısı olarak görev yapan Muhammed Sadık İsmayıl bey oğlu Ağabeyzade`dir. Muhammed Sadık bey (bazı kaynaklarda Sadık bey, Sadıkpaşa, Memmedsadık) Ağabeyzade (Ağabeyov), 15 Mart 1865'te, Bakü vilayetinin, Göyçay bölgesinde doğdu, 1883'te Bakü Real Okulu`ndan, 1886’ta St. Petersburg'daki Mikhailov Topçular Okulu'ndan mezun olur. M.S. Ağabeyzade 1896'da Rus Dışişleri Bakanlığının Asya departmeni nezdindeki Doğu Dilleri Bölümünü kazanır ve başarıyla bitirir. Çar Rusyası döneminde Türküstanda görev yapan Muhammed Sadık bey Ağabeyzade, ünlü tuğgeneral, doğubilimci olarak tanınır. Onun Aşkabat’da rusca yazmış olduğu Türkmenlerin lehçesine ait eseri 1904 yılında basılmıştır. A.Semenov, A. Somoyloviç gibi Rus doğubilimcileri bu eseri yüksek değerlendirmiştir. Buhara Emiri Ahad Han ilmi hizmetlerinegöre Muhammed Sadık Ağabeyzade`ni Emirliğin büyük ödülü olan “Altın Yıldız” ödülü ile taltif eder. General Muhammed Sadık bey Ağabeyzade 28 Mayıs 1918 yılında Müsülman doğusunda ilk Cumhuriyet kurulduktan sonra Azerbaycan Halk Cumhuriyetinin İçişleri Bakan Yardımcısı olarak atanır. Muhammed Sadık bey Ağabeyzade Azerbaycan ulusal polisinin gelişmesine yorulmadan hizmet eder. O, Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti Polisi'nde reform kavramını hazırlar.
INTRODUCING ESD CONCEPTS INTO TEACHING EDUCATION PROGRAM
Authors: Yamamoto Lucia E. , Ikeda Keiko , N Akihito
Published: May 2019

In response to the new Basic Plan for Promotion of Education drawn by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the Faculty of Education of Shizuoka University redefined its mission upholding target item such as education closely connected with community, and enhancing the level of teacher training from local, national and global perspective. And based on this new orientation, the faculty introduced class subject on ESD in the teacher education curricula, and in order to deepen students’ understanding of ESD, the field trip (or Student Exchange Program) aimed to learning with/at community was also scheduled. In this paper, we introduce these two activities and explore their possibilities in enhancing educational practices in ESD. It’s considered essential that in teaching ESD context the educator need to,; a) building ownership on issues of creating sustainable society, b) acquiring regional/local cognition positioning oneself as one of stakeholders, c) understanding links between local and global issues. Enhancement of these skills and capacities will be discussed from the perspectives of; i) system of teacher education, ii) method of teaching and learning, iii) collaboration among university, schools and community, iv) evaluation of qualifications and capacities.
ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY AND IT’S CONTRIBUTION TO STUDENTS PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING
Authors: Md.din Ili Atiqah Bte , Amir Ruslin Bin
Published: May 2019

This study is to identify the effect of environmental psychology to the dimensions of psychological well-being. Those dimensions are (i) acceptance of self, (ii) the purpose of life, (iii) freedom of autonomy, (iv) control of the environment (v) a positive relationship with other people, and (vi) the self - development among National University of Malaysia students. A total of 51 students participated in this study. The respondents in the study consisted of students from one to fourth year undergraduate. The instrument used to measure the study was adapted and modified based on Ryff Psychological Wellbeing Scales (1995). This study used quantitative method in the form of questionnaires (surveys). In addition, this research also employs descriptive and inference statistics analysis in the form of mean score, standard deviation, percentage, frequency, regression analysis and t- test. Results showed that the psychological aspects of the environment significantly affect all dimensions of psychological well-being among students where as the most dominant influence in psychological well-being is the dimension of self-acceptance. Hence, the results showed that there were no significant differences among male and female students in the dimension of psychological well-being. Thus the study has to carried out more comprehensive and far-reaching that mainly involving aspects of physical, emotional, spiritual, intellectual and spiritual so that it can measure the level of well-being holistically among students from primary school up to the tertiary level in turn to enhance the quality of national education.
INNOVATION IN EDUCATION AND LANGUAGE LEARNING IN 21ST CENTURY
Authors: Yunus Melor Md
Published: May 2019

Innovation evolves all the time and it has tremendously changed English Language Teaching (ELT) particularly alongside advances in technology. This seemingly obvious fact, however, is not necessarily evident to everybody in our profession. This article documents innovations for language teachers based on empirical practices. Among major innovations addressed in this article include digital platforms, online corpora, mobile learning, online authentic materials, communicating with people online, online CPD and the global staffroom.
TOWARDS DEVELOPING A SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS EDUCATION CURRICULUM IN ELEMENTARY EDUCATION
Authors: Avila Rodante Parillas
Published: May 2019

This paper focuses on how to develop s sustainable food system education curriculum in Elementary school in Philippines. Lack of food sovereignty has been one of the Philippines’ perennial problems. Due to inadequacy of food supply, the needs or demands of the people could not be met, and the problem leads to the poverty of the nation and the malnutritionof its people. So the purpose of this research is to find out the opportunities and suggestways to develop sustainable food system education curriculum in elementary education. Method of research uses Participatory Action Research (PAR) is an approach to research in communities that emphasizes participation and action. It seeks to understand the worldby trying to change it, collaboratively and following reflection. Findings are among otherthe curriculum for Sustainable Food System can be observed with the disciplinal subjects of Agriculture and Home Economics in the elementary level. The learning competencies provide the learners basic know how and strong connection of sustainable food system. While the weaknesses: availability of school backyard for gardening sites. Most of the central schools don’t have available gardening sites for hands-on experience of the learners.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND FILIPINOS’ VALUES, ATTITUDES AND ACTIONS TOWARDS THE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Bedural Zyralie L.
Published: May 2019

This paper examines the association between the educational attainment of Filipinos and their values, attitudes and actions towards the environment using the World Values Survey (WVS) data for the Philippines in 1996, 2001 and 2012. The three approaches to environment education as discussed in the dissertation paper of Chi (2015) were used as the theoretical framework for this paper. These approaches are: education about the environment, education in the environment and education for the environment. Through appropriate tests of independence, like Chi-square Gamma, and Kruskal-Wallis, data revealed thatFilipinos’ educational attainment significantly influenced their values, attitudes and actions towards the environment. Specifically, those with higher education expressed more positivevalues and attitude towards the environment than those with lower education. The same was found true in taking actions for the environment. Ideally, all Filipinos must care for theenvironment, regardless of education. The findings that is opposite to this scenario callsfor the need to revisit Environmental Education in the Philippines. Transitioning from education about the environment to education for the environment is suggested. Further, subjects like social studies must strengthen citizenship education by incorporating lessons on the environment, especially on participation and taking actions.
TEACHERS, TEACHER EDUCATORS AND TEACHER EDUCATION IN THE DIGITAL ERA (FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE WAY FORWARD)
Authors: Kizuka Masataka
Published: May 2019

Focusing on the central role of Continuous ProfessionalDevelopment (CPD) in the digital era, this article addressesthree most essential components of the CPD. First, thenecessity of CPD for school teachers is discussed. Then followsthe discussion on issues and problems of CPD in remote areas.Illustrations on matters related to CPD practices in schooleducation on remote areas in Japan and United Kingdom arethen presented to conclude the article.
PATHWAY TO RIGOROUS TEACHER TRAINING AND EFFECTIVE TEACHING FOR BETTER STUDENT OUTCOMES
Authors: Malik Ranbir Singh
Published: May 2019

Against the backdrop of changing environment and demands inthe digital era, this article proposes a pathway to rigorous teachertraining and effective teaching. To this end the following threeessential subtopics are extensively and intensively discussed:Effective Teacher Training, Profile and Pedagogical Practices ofHigh Performing Education Systems, and Education Reforms inASEAN.
INTEGRATION SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INTO HIGHER EDUCATION CURRICULUM
Authors: Handayani Mustika Nuramalia
Published: May 2019

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) has beenpromoted by UNESCO to create a sustainable society in thecontext of achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) onthe global agenda 2030. Higher education plays an important rolein formation and development of human resources, producingstudents with sustainability awareness, who understandinterrelationship between environment, economy and social.Constant functions of university as a higher education institutionremain fovused on missions: teaching, research, and communityservice. University students with such a sustainability awarenessare agents of change, who are expected to support the SDGsachievement. Therefore, ESD needs to be integrated into highereducation programs to increase knowledge, influence attitudesand behavior of students towards sustainable development andenvironment. Integration of ESD concepts and principles intohigher education curriculum is an important important endeavour.This artcle addresses matters around the issue and trend of thedevelopment of higher education curricula in various countrieswith various options and approaches to its implementation.
TEACHING ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: STRATEGIES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Wahyudin Dinn , Malik Ranbir Singh
Published: May 2019

Building on a serious concern over excessive increase ofproduction garbage waste from one year to another, this articleargues that the garbage waste produced by cities around the globehas led to an environment crisis and the planet earth has faceddesertification, drought, and degradation. Within this scenario, itis high time we brought this awareness by teaching environmentliteracy. To this end, the article discusses climate change as aninconvenient scenario, key challenges, tale of two dying rivers,education for sustainable development, and then approaches toenvironmental education.
HOW TO ACHIEVE QUALITY EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION FOR ALL: GOAL 4 OF THE UNITED NATIONS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Tekin Ali Kemal
Published: May 2019

Obtaining a quality education is essential to creating sustainabledevelopment. The overarching Goal 4 of the United NationsSustainable Development Program (UNSDP) ensures that allgirls and boys complete free primary and secondary schoolingby 2030. However, the early years represent the most importantand vulnerable time period in the individual life-span and earlyeducation sets the fundamentals of achieving the overarchinggoal of SDG4. It is regarded as the golden time for ensuringstrong foundations for life chances. Early Childhood Education(ECE) supports children’s survival, growth, development andlearning, including health, nutrition and hygiene, and cognitive,social, physical and emotional development D from birth toeight years old in formal, informal and non formal settings.Therefore, the United Nations (UN) set a sub goal underthis notion exclusively for the early childhood education; By2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality earlychildhood development, care and preprimary education so thatthey are ready for primary education (SDG 4.2). Following theUnited Nations’ notions, The dedicated member countries planactions to achieve the necessities of the Goal 4 by 2030. Theseactions generally fall under eight categories: (1) Access andequity, (2) ECE governance, (3) Curriculum and pedagogy, (4)Teacher training, (5) Nutrition, (6) Family-School-Communitypartnerships, (7) Standards for learning environment, (8) Useof technology and digital materials. The presenter will provideinformation about these domains of improvement in order tomeet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)4.2.
Çocukluk çağında çölyak hastalığı ve Helicobacter pylori gastritinin görülme sıklığı ile aralarındaki ilişki
Authors: TUNCEL Ferah , BOZKURT Funda , GÜLSEREN Arzu , USTA Yusuf
Published: May 2019

Giriş ve Amaç: Mikrobiyal
maruziyetin çölyak hastalık riskini etkileyebileceği, kronik gastrik
enfeksiyonların sistemik immün yanıtları etkileyerek ince bağırsakta
otoimmüniteyi tetikleyebileceği ileri sürülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı merkezimizde
incelenen çocukluk çağına ait biyopsilerde çölyak hastalığı ve Helicobacter pylori gastritinin görülme
sıklığının araştırılması ve olası ilişkinin belirlenmesidir. Gereç
ve Yöntem: 01.07.2015-01.01.2018
tarihleri arasında merkezimizde incelenen ince bağırsak ve/veya mide
biyopsileri bulunan tüm çocuk hastalar çalışmaya alınmış, mide
biyopsilerinde Helicobacter pylori gastritinin,
duodenum biyopsilerinde çölyak hastalığının görülme sıklığı belirlenmiştir.
Aynı zamanda mide ve ince bağırsak biyopsileri bulunan ve çölyak hastalığı
tanısı alan olgularda, otoimmün gastrite de neden olan Helicobacter pylori’nin beraber görülme sıklığı saptanarak
aralarındaki ilişki değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Mide
ve/veya duodenum biyopsisi bulunan toplam 494 olgu çalışma kapsamına alınmış ve
43 olguda sadece mide biyopsisi, 12 olguda sadece duodenum biyopsisi değerlendirilmiştir.
İncelenen 482 mide biyopsisinin 162’sinde Helicobacter
pylori (%33.6), 451 duodenum biyopsisinin 37’sinde çölyak hastalığı (%8.2) tespit
edilmiştir. Çölyak tanısı alan 33 olgudan 11’inde (%33.3) Helicobacter pylori gastriti saptanmış, çölyak tanısı bulunan 4 olgu
da mide biyopsisi bulunmadığından değerlendirilememiştir. Duodenum biyopsisi
bulunan ve Helicobacter pylori
gastriti tanısı almış 144 olgunun ise 11’inde çölyak hastalığı tespit
edilmiştir. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda normal popülasyondaki çölyak
hastalığı sıklığı ile Helicobacter pylori
gastritli olgulardaki çölyak hastalığı sıklığı benzer oranlarda saptanmıştır.
Ayrıca normal popülasyondaki Helicobacter
pylori gastriti sıklığı ile çölyak hastalarındaki Helicobacter pylori gastritinin görülme sıklığı arasında anlamlı
bir fark bulunmamıştır. Elde edilen sonuçların olası nedenleri araştırılmıştır.
Comunicación digital y política: aproximaciones para su gestión
Authors: Apolo Diego , Guerrero Sofía , Jiménez Xavier
Published: May 2019

Con el desarrollo de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación se evidenció un desarrollo tecnológico que ha modificado comportamientos culturales en las relaciones político sociales; las mismas que han dado un nuevo frente de comunicación directa para la interacción entre los usuarios de internet y gobernantes. Esto ha requerido de espacios donde los ciudadanos demanden acciones, procesos de rendición de cuenta y transparencia en la gestión pública.Frente a ésta necesidad aparece como espacio de articulación el e-gobierno, como una forma de optimizar el proceso analítico sistemático para la gestión de comunicación digital en política, resaltando sus acciones y evitando su instrumentalización, la misma que brinda espacios digitales de participación ciudadana que se complementan con el uso de la web 2.0, como un canal multidireccional que genera y fomenta vínculos y relaciones.
Marketing social en programa de viviendas. Caso: petróleos de Venezuela, S.A.
Authors: Castillo Lineymag , Useche María Cristina
Published: May 2019

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el marketing social del programa de viviendas desarrollado por Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A en el estado Zulia. A nivel teórico se consultó Pérez (2004), Mendive (2006),Boland (2007) y Fernández (2000). La misma usó un tipo de investigación analítica. Para la recolección de datos se usó un cuestionario estructurado y entrevistas abiertas para abordar los factores que influyen en el comportamiento y la efectividad de los programas sociales. La población se conformó por 332 familias atendidas con la adjudicación de una vivienda, y la técnica muestral empleada fue probabilístico estratificado siendo 182 familias. El instrumento estuvo sometido a la validación de constructopor 5 expertos. Para la confiabilidad se utilizó el método de Alfa de Cronbach conuna confiabilidad de 0,7799. Una vez recolectados los datos e trataron mediante laestadística descriptiva, permitiendo identificar los cambios de conducta social quehan tenido las familias atendidas, después de la adjudicación de una viviendadigna construida por PDVSA. A su vez, se evidenciaron cambios voluntarios queincrementaron el bienestar social que son el respaldo junto a nuevas creencias,actitudes y valores que consolidan la transformación y el buen vivir.
Study of management of diaphyseal fracture shaft femur by intramedullary interlocking nail
Authors: Tiwari Ayush , Kohli Sarabjeet Singh , Kokne Manish
Published: May 2019

Background: Aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of interlocking nail in management of femoral diaphyseal fractures with special reference to fracture anatomy, pattern and status of stability.

Methods: This hospital based prospective study was done in the department of Orthopedics, MGM Medical College Navi Mumbai. A total of 41 patients who were admitted in our institute was included to evaluate management of diaphyseal fracture shaft femur by intramedullary interlocking nail from July 2015 to July 2017. They were asked to follow up at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months.

Results: Most of the fractures (70.7%) were united in 16-20 weeks while 10 (24.4%) fractures were united in 10-15 weeks and 2 (4.9%) fractures were united in 21-25 weeks. The mean time to union was 16.87±3.09 weeks. In the present study, 26 out of 41 patients had excellent results (63.4%) with full, pain free, function of the extremity. 13 patients with good result (31.8%), 9 patients had flexion deformity 1200, 3 patients had shortening 2 cm, 2 patients had shortening 1 cm. Two patients with fair result (4.8%), both had flexion deformity and none had with poor result. So overall, we had 95.2% excellent to good and 4.8% fair results.

Conclusions: Interlocking intramedullary nailing is the most effective ad successful method of definitive primary treatment, in most types of fractures of femur shaft. It provides strong fixation, rotational stability and earliest return to functional status, as rate of healing is good with nailing.
SEMANTIC PROCESSES IN THE STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH POLYSEMANTIC VERBS WITH EMOTIVE AND EVALUATIVE LEXICO-SEMANTIC VARIANTS
Authors: Arlanova T. L.
Published: May 2019

The article deals with semantic structure of polysemantic verbs of present-day English. Polysemantic English verbs having evaluative lexico-semantic variants of meaning are analyzed in the article. It is underlined that lexico-semantic variants of meaning of a polysemantic English verb are joined in its structure with a common dominating semantic component; semantic variants with emotive and evaluative meaning play a significant role in the semantic structure of a polysemantic verb. It is stressed that the semantic variant of verb meaning with a certain evaluative content possesses an independent linguistic status and simultaneously plays an important role in the development of pragmatic meaning of a polysemantic verb. Emotive and evaluative components of meaning of the English verb were defined by means of linguistic definition analysis of meanings on the basis of definitions in the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. The New English-Russian Dictionary edited by professor I.R. Galperin served as material for analysis in our research. Polysemantic English verbs have a great number of lexico-semantic variants of meaning including semantic variants implying evaluation of actions denoted by the verb. Ways of forming these meanings are analyzed in the article, the main ways of forming evaluative meanings of the English verb are considered to be semantic transfer. The most widespread type of semantic transfer of the English verb is change of the subject of the action denoted by the verb from an inanimate object to an animate person. Metaphoric transfer of meaning from denotation of a physical action towards a psychic one is also widespread among English polysemantic verbs. Further development of evaluative meaning of the English verb may be based on transfer of denotation of a concrete action towards an abstract one, simultaneously a referent is evaluated and this evaluation is absolute according to its type. New lexico-semantic variants may be added to the semantic structure of a polysemantic English verb as a result of linguistic process of enantiosemy, i.e. juxtaposition of evaluative meanings of opposite evaluative sign.
DIALOGICS OF A SCIENTIFIC TEXT IN ENGLISH
Authors: Akaeva E. V. , Vinokurova T. N.
Published: May 2019

Communication in social and professional strata is the subject of close attention of linguists.. Scientific medical text is the result of the authors speech-making activity, which is represented .by means of a certain choice of language means.. The scientific text is dialogical in nature. Language means of explication of external dialogicality in the scientific text are: we-forms, questions, question-answer unity, verbs of opinion. Such texts are characterized by such characteristics as consistency of presentation, persuasiveness, reasonableness, conciseness of form and accuracy of knowledge, lack of redundancy in the use of language tools. In addition, scientific texts are expressive.
LINGUISTIC MEANS OF ECONOMY IN THE ENGLISH DRAMATIC DISCOURSE
Authors: Samboruk L. A.
Published: May 2019

Some universal tends and trends in the sphere of linguistic economy at the lexical level are considered in the present article based on everyday communication contexts within the stylized colloquial fragments from modern English drama discourse. Moreover discursive markers providing the adequate interpretation of linguistic economy means and ways are discussed in view of the vital necessity to communicate effectively with minimum of speech efforts in the epoch of globalization. The purpose of this work was to identify the language characteristics and composition of the economical linguistic means of the English language in everyday communication, as well as to describe their role in the analyzed type of English discourse. Detailed study of the principle oflinguisticeconomy was made on the material of contemporary English and American playwrights of the end of ХХ the beginning of XXI centuries. The methods of linguistic description, structural-syntactic and semantic-syntactic analysis are used in the article.During the research the following overall findings are revealed: the compression in the modern English language is a highly efficient mean of linguistic economy. At the syntactical level of the linguistic system the concept of economy is implemented in ellipsis, as well as secondary predicative constructions. At the phonetic level, the principle of linguistic economy is reflected in such factors as assimilation, adaptation, qualitative and quantitative reduction. At the morphological level-in the survey. At the syntactical level (the phrase level) the linguistic economy is expressed in abbreviation. The research materials provide a wide field for further investigation on the linguistic economy in constantly changing everyday communication.
LAUGHTER WORD AS A MEANS Of DEMYTHOLOGIZATION IN THE NOVELS BY THOMAS BRUSSIG
Authors: Kuchumova G. V. , Barabanova N. V.
Published: May 2019

The historical events of the last decades of the twentieth century in Germany, the collapse of the Communist ideology and the great narratives and the new postmodern artistic practice radically change the nature of the laughter word (M. Bachtin) and its existence. In postmodern literature the laughter word loses its drama and bitterness, it now lives in the bright element of language games.The purpose of this study is to consider the potential of the laughter word in the new historical and aesthetic circumstances, its functions and active participation in the procedures of deconstruction of ideological constructions of socialism in the GDR on the base of the postmodern projects by German writer Thomas Brussig.In T. Brussigs novels the laughter word is used as a universal means of destruction of the ideological content of the myths of socialism (demythologization).In the anecdotal stories of the novel Am kьrzeren Ende der Sonnenallee the laughter word is considered in funny language games: caricature, the laughter gesture, black humor, playing with contexts, deliberately misuse of words, excessive use of Communist rhetoric.In the novel Helden wie wir the connective of the laughter word and laughter gesture is included in the postmodern language game on the decline: parody, grotesque, occasionalism, euphemisms, game element names, sexual perversion. It also points to the visual using of the laughter word: a game with graphic writing, the use of italics and breakdown in words.The ambivalence of the laughter word is emphasized to destroy old myths and create new ones.A linguistic method of interpretation and the method of intertextual analysis is used.In this the study the conclusions about the importance of the laughter word in the procedures of demythologization and in the language games on the decline are made.
PRECEDENT NAMES IN A LITERARY DISCOURSE (BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL «TSCHICK» BY WOLFGANG HERRENDORF)
Authors: Blinova Yu. A.
Published: May 2019

The article is dedicated to the analysis of culturally important precedent names in the onomastic field of the novel, its structure, and function of precedent names in a literary discourse based on the novel Tschick by Woflgang Herrendorf. Focus of attention is on precedent names that are vehicles for the next-level language nomination. A set of the precedent names of the novel is comprised by 4 categories of proper names: anthroponyms, toponyms, chrononyms, and artefacts (such as novel titles, names of movies, songs, bands, piece of music, video games and football clubs). Precedent names reach their figurative potential in the literary discourse by metaphorization, metonimization and comparison. Precedent anthroponyms act as a metaphor, antonomasia, metonimia, and as a benchmark in comparative forms. In contrast to literary names, precedent names dont contribute to the plot building and dont impact the plot development; however, they give the novel some additional imagery, create a vertical context of a literary work and open an inner world of novels characters to the readers.
WHY AUTOMATIC TRANSLATION IS HARMFUL FOR LANGUAGE, THINKING AND STABILITY OF GEOPOLITICAL CODE
Authors: Petrova O. V.
Published: May 2019

The article discusses the problem of computer-translated texts being widely used by mass media. Because of editors striving for cost and time efficiency a lot of unedited or superficially edited machine-translated texts are published today. As a result people get accustomed to reading texts that violate basic rules of composition and textuality, so they stop feeling that such texts deviate from the norm and perceive them as regular. In this way a new usage is being gradually formed, contradicting standard norms of Russian grammar and combinability. This new usage leads to the erosion of the very notion of text as a structural and semantic whole. The absence of such basic categories as cohesion, coherence, logical and structural completeness gives the general readers the impression that a text is just an arbitrary collection of sentences united only by a common topical area. The article describes the destructive effect of these processes upon the mentality of native speakers, shows how they hamper the formation of a consistent conceptual and linguistic world-image. Since a nationally specific world-image is a basis of national culture, its erosion affects the stability of the national geopolitical code, of which the national language is an integral part. Therefore, linguistic safety of the country is directly involved. That is why it is necessary to specify the requirements to any translated text, irrespective of the way in which the translation was made, for it to be acceptable for mass publication either on-line or in press. It is necessary to develop and introduce a quality standard.
JAPANESE IMMIGRATION INTO THE USA AND THE JAPANESE-AMERICAN RELATIONS ON THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY (HISTORY AND HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE QUESTION)
Authors: Martyshkin S. A.
Published: May 2019

The article is devoted to the American and Japanese historiography of history of the Japanese immigration into the USA and the American-Japanese relations on the beginning of the XX century. Author of the publication issued historiography about this historical problem, mainly the historiography of the USA, and the historiography of such states as Japan and Russia. Such historical problems were discussed as Californian Conflict of 19061909 and 1913, so called Gentlemen Agreement (1907) and Root-Takahira exchange of notes (November 1908). From the beginning of Japanese immigration into the USA on the end of the XIX century the struggle for the Japanese exclusion had started especially in California on the Pacific coast. Restrictionism and antirestrictionism were created as main streams of American ethnic historiography. Such streams of the historiography as political idealism and political realism deals with the Japanese immigration problem too.American historians, who are the members of the so called political idealism approach to the foreign policy of the USA problems, usually make some detailed issues of the American policy in the Far East. The American-Chinese and American-Japanese relations were based on such main streams of the Far Eastern policy as internationalization of railroads in Manchuria and the American load to Manchu government during the period of international financial consortium in China. Political idealism in the American historiography was connected with such authors as R.A. Esthus, R.W. Curry and Ch. Neu, whose monographs and articles were issued by the author of this publication. The question on Japanese immigration in the USA was respected as one aspect of the whole Japanese-American relations on the Pacific problem.Another main stream of the American historiography of international relations is connected with works of ethnic historians such as B. Hosokawa and K. Kawakami. Author of this publication discussed question of ethnic historiography in the USA (about the Japanese immigrants and their role in the American social-political life). Main theme of this historiographical sketch were some perspectives of the 2nd generation of Japanese immigrants development in the American conditions of life. The most of the ethnical historians in the USA called the representatives of the 2nd generation of the Japanese immigrants as Nisei. Authors of this article research of the Nisei history is some innovational method in Russian historiography.
PHOTOS OF L.N. TOLSTOY AS A SOURCE OF FORMATION OF CULTURAL MEMORY
Authors: Purygin A. E.
Published: May 2019

The article is a study of the image of Leo Tolstoy, reflected in the photographic heritage of the great writer, represented by the photo funds of the State Museum of L.N. Tolstoy. Photos are considered in the context of heritage and historical memory. It shows the imprinting and deposition of the image of Tolstoy by a variety of people who create the context of historical memory. At the same time, special attention is paid to the photographic image of the writer created by his wife S.A. Tolstaya. It turns out that the image of the young Tolstoy appear at the same time with the advent of photography in Russia. It is established that in connection with the expansion of the social circle increases the number of photographers of Tolstoy, who want to capture a variety of moments of his life and creative experiences. In the 1900s, the number of photos associated with the arrival of guests and loved ones to Yasnaya Polyana, who created entire photo collections, which displayed a variety of topics, was expanding. This is the creative cuisine of Tolstoy, and images of him in full growth, and gatherings with friends, and the Caucasus. It is revealed that the photographic memory is heterogeneous: Tolstoy was shot by professional photographers, amateurs, reporters, and images of each group have their own characteristics, but they were all included in the cultural and anthropological aspect of life in Russia. Through the prism of meetings and spiritual quest shown a progressive significance of photography for the social life of Russia. The collections of the museum are analyzed as stages of forming of the visual image in the collective memory. Photos are studied in the context of the lifetime iconography of the great writer. Their positive aspect connected with visualization of everyday life in Russia is shown.
FUNCTIONS OF UNIVERSITY TEACHERS IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors: Sanko A. M.
Published: May 2019

Education always responds to changes in society, and the teacher, in his turn, is its key figure. Society is changing, demands are changing. The teacher of the University is obliged to change, which requires continuous improvement both in the subject area and in the field of teaching methods, acquiring skills in information systems of educational process management. The relevance of the problem of clarifying the functions of professional activity of teachers of educational institutions of higher education is due to the need for rational allocation of time for quality performance of their work. The activity of university teachers in modern conditions is aimed at the training of competitive personnel, which requires significant intellectual, temporary efforts from these employees; readiness for effective social interaction with colleagues, students, partners; technological competence in solving problems in the information and educational environment and information management systems of the educational process associated with the organization of research, teaching, organizational, methodological and contact work. The article presents the results obtained by the following research methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific information, professional standard Teacher of professional training and the draft of the professional standard Scientist, the results of the research in the field of professional activity of teachers; generalization and systematization of scientific facts and provisions; survey of teachers of educational organizations (monographic sample was 20 people). Experimental work was to determine the time spent on the functions of the teaching staff of educational institutions of higher education, to determine the importance of each of the selected functions and to assess the satisfaction of teachers from the results of their functions.
MAN FROM VOLCHANKA: THE WHOLE WORLD IN ONE FIND
Authors: Kisly A. E.
Published: May 2019

In 1979 a Bronge Age mound was explored by the archeological expedition of Kuibyshev State University. Among findings there is one vessel common for Srubnaya culture with unique image made by drawing on a clay. It portrays dancing or leaving young naked man back to the viewer. There are no analogs in the world heritage of this time made with great quality, a portraying man with perspective, dynamic and expression. Previously this finding was not mentioned in scientific researches on an appropriate level. Moreover, this vessel is so unique that needs distinct study. The discovered object is connected not only with ancient period of transformation of Eurasian cultures, but with times of the formation of the Aryans, when The first of the dead pra-Indian god Yama, the King of Hell, was not the god yet. Furthermore, this object allows to see connections between pra-Aryan, pra-Indian and modern cultures in a new way. Naturalistic images were banned in researched time due to protoideological tendencies linked with formation of reproducing economy. All the pictures on vessels of Srubnaya culture we know is not only schematic, but they are nominal. Typically, vessels are decorated with ornamental compositions or simple separate ornaments. This is widely known among experts that rare images of people are statuary and primitive. However, mentioned vessel from Volchanka, as for a middle of II millennium B.C. is unique in every sense. Technique, plot, composition, angle, quality are amazing. Some analogs with similar images can be found in the Northern Black Sea region: Trypillia culture, anthropomorphic stelles of III-II millennium B.C. It was exactly Northern Black Sea region which saved ancient traditions of super realistic images (historically inherent to many cultures, especially to Indo-Aryans with their productivity). When it came to the oldest beliefs, and sometimes local tribal cults, posterity, the survival of the tribe, then deviations from the canons were allowed. In Indo-Aryan culture, plots are firmly tied to the traditions of rebirth and getting offspring. I suppose, that plot from mentioned vessel is a part of similar widespread beliefs about possibility to keep the tribe numerous, or, even, about rebirth of a dead teen.
FORMATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS-MATHEMATICIANS
Authors: Ivanushkina N. V.
Published: May 2019

The analysis of approaches to the solution of the problem of formation of psychological and pedagogical component of a professional competence of students- mathematicians studying in a higher educational institution is presented in the article. The relevance of a research in connection with the increasing requirements to the level and quality of training of future specialists is noted. It is noted that the specified problem requires a high level of ability of students to realize their intellectual opportunities, applying at the same time all the creative resources of continuous increase of the level of professional knowledge. Therefore, contents and technique of teaching subject matters should reflect requirements of employers imposed to students, future graduates of higher school in conditions of social and economic conversions in the country, their high competitiveness, mobility, readiness for self-education and self-realization. It is noted that this contributes to the teaching of the integrated course Psychology and Pedagogics.The analysis of the researches devoted to studying of an entity of the concept psychological and pedagogical competence of students, its criteria is presented in the article. The specificity of its formation in specially created pedagogical conditions is noted. The organizational model of forms, methods and means of formation of psychological and pedagogical competence of students-mathematicians applied in the integrated course Psychology and Pedagogics taking into account both classroom, and out-of-class activity is offered to consider.The article presents the results of a study of the level of formation of the criteria of psychological and pedagogical competence of students-mathematicians: readiness to solve professional problems, readiness for self-education and self-realization, emotional-volitional readiness, readiness for creative self-realization, they revealed mainly the presence of low and medium levels formation. The article notes the effectiveness of the study.
ON THE QUESTION OF THE INTERACTION OF VERBAL ASPECT WITH OTHER CATEGORIES OF THE VERB
Authors: Karpukhin S. A.
Published: May 2019

The article, based on the two-component model of the semantic invariant of verbal aspect, covers the interpretation of two grammatical phenomena: 1) type distribution of the passive expression methods and 2) variability of expression of the direct object that accompanies some transitive verbs. Further reference to the stated problem, that was long-term and widely discussed in terms of native and foreign aspectology of the Russian language, is justified in the particular research by the novelty of the angle approach to the position of the aspect in grammatical verb system. Observations of the aspect usage in the mentioned constructions convince that meaning relationship between the aspect and varied morphological and syntactical verb categories cannot be comprehensively revealed without taking into consideration the significance of the situational component of the aspect semantic structure. Thus, perfective verbs combined with another grammatical factors replace the meaning focus from action to situation or vice versa, define the character of the direct object etc. These particular accents clearly allocate the speech aspect through reflecting the passive reciprocal forms of imperfective verbs or passive perfective participle, e.g.: The report is being presented by the student (not is presented!) The report has been presented (not was presented!). The first example focuses on the process of reading, the second example presents the result, that can be observed after the situation (the perception of what was heard). Conversely, the imperfective aspect, representing the action separately from the situation, emphasizes its specific meanings existential nature of the action, its qualification etc. according to its grammatical conditions and its own lexical semantics. It is also stated that aspect juxtaposition in grammatical and semantic contexts implements in varied proportion another fundamental property dynamic and static of the reality fragment depicted that is accomplished by perfective and imperfective aspects respectively.The following semantic research of verbal aspect from the syntagmatic point of view takes into consideration the relation of the action, that was expressed through each aspect, and the situational background that would let observe new perspectives and depths of the Russian language structure.
Dimensionamento de ecopontos para os resíduos recicláveis secos em Uberaba – MG
Authors: Jeronimo Guilherme Junqueira , Ferreira Deusmaque Carneiro , Da Luz Mário Sérgio
Published: May 2019

A produção de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) é crescente na cidade de Uberaba (MG). O município já dispõe de um aterro controlado em que há a disposição da grande maioria dos RSU gerados na cidade. O município possui baixos índices de coleta seletiva e não dispõe de ecopontos para recolha dos resíduos recicláveis secos. Esse tipo de gestão para os RSU ocasiona redução da vida útil do aterro, desperdício de matéria prima além de provocar diversos impactos ambientais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi dimensionar ecopontos para recolha dos resíduos secos recicláveis na cidade de Uberaba. Para dimensionar a quantidade de ecopontos e o volume dos mesmos utilizou-se os dados da caracterização gravimétrica dos RSU município de Uberaba. Os resultados do dimensionamento demonstram a necessidade de 40 conjuntos de 3 contenderes para a recolha dos resíduos recicláveis na cidade de Uberaba. Também foi determinada a melhor localização e disposição desses ecopontos, com a finalidade de cobrir a maior área possível de coleta na cidade. Desta maneira irão ganhar o meio ambiente, através da preservação de recursos naturais e de áreas que seriam aterros, a sociedade que terá maior qualidade de vida e bem-estar, e a economia com a geração de empregos e renda. Todas as vezes que há ganho na tríade; meio ambiente, sociedade e economia, pode-se afirmar que ocorreu a implantação de um projeto pautado no desenvolvimento sustentável do município