bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Origins of the Elephantine Jews
Authors: Toorn Karel van der
Published: January 2020

This chapter seeks out the origins of the Elephantine Jews. For more than a century, their origins have been a mystery. Owing to the decipherment of Papyrus Amherst 63, this chapter reveals new understandings about who the Elephantine Jews were and where they came from. It argues that most of the men and women we have come to think of as Jews were in fact Samarian Arameans. They had a hyphenated identity, somewhat similar to the double identity of Jewish Americans. By geographical origin, they were from Samaria. Having lived for about a century in the Aramaic-speaking environment of Palmyra, they had become Arameans. They had stayed loyal to their ancestral god Yaho but equated him with the storm god Bethel. In addition to Aramaic as their new language, they had also adopted several Aramean deities associated with Bethel: Anat-Bethel, Eshem-Bethel, and Herem-Bethel. Toward 600 BCE, they had migrated to Egypt, along with the Syrians and Babylonians they had lived with in Palmyra.
Becoming Diaspora Jews
Authors: Toorn Karel van der
Published: January 2020

This chapter attempts to solve the mysterious transformation of Samarian Arameans into Jews. Over a period of 100 years, perhaps longer, the Samarians of Palmyra became the Jews of Elephantine. Up to a point, the new identity happened to them through the force of circumstance. The diaspora experience in Egypt led others to perceive them as Jews. The community became part of the network of Jewish diaspora nodes. Around 420 BCE, the Persian authorities included them in the Jewish nation. Commissioned by the Persians, a Jewish ambassador for religious affairs ordered them to bring their religious calendar into conformity with the calendar observed by Jews all over the empire. During the final decade of the fifth century, the leadership of the Elephantine Jews deliberately claimed their new identity to present their situation in the most favorable light. At first the Jewish identity had happened to them. In the end, they claimed it. They would henceforth be remembered as the Elephantine Jews.
Numerical Simulation of Fluid-Structure Interaction of D-shape Iced Conductor
Authors: Zhitao Yan , Yi You , Xiaogang Yang , Wensheng Li , Cheng He , Chun Nie Xiao , Jun Liu
Published: January 2020

At present, the numerical simulation on the aerodynamic response and force of the iced conductor are mainly based on the quasi steady criterion, which ignored the interaction between the conductor and the flow field. This paper presents a numerical study of three kinds of fluid-structure interaction models for D-shape conductor. The effects of reduced velocity, degree of freedom and wind attack angle on aerodynamic response of the iced conductor are discussed. The results show that the rotational freedom has certain influence on the across-wind vibration. The mean value of drag coefficient decreases with the increase of wind attack angle, while the lift and moment coefficient increase with the increase of wind attack angle. When the maximum amplitude of vibration displacement occurs, the corresponding reduced velocity is not entirely consistent with that of the maximum aerodynamic force.
An Error Indicator Based on a Wave Dispersion Analysis for the Vibration Modes of Isotropic Elastic Solids Discretized by Energy-Orthogonal Finite Elements
Authors: Brito Francisco José
Published: January 2020

This paper studies the dispersion of elastic waves in isotropic media discretized by the finite element method. The element stiffness matrix is split into basic and higher order components which are respectively related to the mean and deviatoric components of the element strain field. This decomposition is applied to the elastic energy of the finite element assemblage. By a dispersion analysis the higher order elastic energy is related to the elastic energy error for the propagating waves. An averaged correlation is proposed and successfully tested as an error indicator for finite element vibration eigenmodes.
Two Ways of Solving System of Nonlinear Structural Equations
Authors: Rezaiee-Pajand Mohammad , Naserian Rahele , Afsharimoghadam Hossein
Published: January 2020

By applying the inner product of vectors, two objective functions are found. These vectors are taken from the structural equilibrium path. Via minimizing these functions, with respect to the load incremental parameter and the angle between particular vectors, two new constraint equalities are achieved. Since the scheme of authors is general, three more constraints are also reached. These formulations are similar to the previous presented nonlinear solvers, which confirm the legitimacy of new procedure. Afterward, several numerical tests are performed to prove the ability of the proposed techniques. Findings show that the new algorithms are capable in passing the load and displacement limit points of the various benchmark problems with severe nonlinear behaviors. Based on the number of increments and iterations and also the total analysis duration, the suggested methods have the maximum rapid convergence rate, in comparison to the normal plane, the updated normal plane and the cylindrical arc length strategies.
A Second Order Weighted Numerical Scheme on Nonuniform Meshes for Convection Diffusion Parabolic Problems
Authors: Govindarao Lolugu , Mohapatra Jugal
Published: January 2020

In this article, a singularly perturbed parabolic convection-diffusion equation on a rectangular domain is considered. The solution of the problem possesses regular boundary layer which appears in the spatial variable. To discretize the time derivative, we use two type of schemes, first the implicit Euler scheme and second the implicit trapezoidal scheme on a uniform mesh. For approximating the spatial derivatives, we use the monotone hybrid scheme, which is a combination of midpoint upwind scheme and central difference scheme with variable weights on Shishkin-type meshes (standard Shishkin mesh, Bakhvalov-Shishkin mesh and modified Bakhvalov-Shishkin mesh). We prove that both numerical schemes converge uniformly with respect to the perturbation parameter and are of second order accurate. Thomas algorithm is used to solve the tri-diagonal system. Finally, to support the theoretical results, we present a numerical experiment by using the proposed methods.
Automatic Detection and Analysis of the “Game Hack” Scam
Authors: Badawi Emad , Jourdan Guy-Vincent , Bochmann Gregor , Onut Iosif-Viorel
Published: January 2020

The “Game Hack” Scam (GHS) is a mostly unreported cyberattack in which attackers attempt to convince victims that they will be provided with free, unlimited “resources” or other advantages for their favorite game. The endgame of the scammers ranges from monetizing for themselves the victims time and resources by having them click through endless “surveys”, filing out “market research” forms, etc., to collecting personal information, getting the victims to subscribe to questionable services, up to installing questionable executable files on their machines. Other scams such as the “Technical Support Scam”, the “Survey Scam”, and the “Romance Scam” have been analyzed before but to the best of our knowledge, GHS has not been well studied so far and is indeed mostly unknown. In this paper, our aim is to investigate and gain more knowledge on this type of scam by following a data-driven approach; we formulate GHS-related search queries, and used multiple search engines to collect data about the websites to which GHS victims are directed when they search online for various game hacks and tricks. We analyze the collected data to provide new insight into GHS and research the extent of this scam. We show that despite its low profile, the click traffic generated by the scam is in the hundreds of millions. We also show that GHS attackers use social media, streaming sites, blogs, and even unrelated sites such as change.org or jeuxvideo.com to carry out their attacks and reach a large number of victims. Our data collection spans a year; in that time, we uncovered 65,905 different GHS URLs, mapped onto over 5,900 unique domains.We were able to link attacks to attackers and found that they routinely target a vast array of games. Furthermore, we find that GHS instances are on the rise, and so is the number of victims. Our low-end estimation is that these attacks have been clicked at least 150 million times in the last five years. Finally, in keeping with similar large-scale scam studies, we find that the current public blacklists are inadequate and suggest that our method is more effective at detecting these attacks.
On Twitter Bots Behaving Badly
Authors: Daniel Florian , Millimaggi Andrea
Published: January 2020

Bots, i.e., algorithmically driven entities that behave like humans in on-line communications, are increasingly infiltrating social conversations on the Web. If not properly prevented, this presence of bots may cause harm to the humans they interact with. This article aims to understand which types of abuse may lead to harm and whether these can be considered intentional or not. We manually review a dataset of 60 Twitter bot code repositories on GitHub, derive a set of potentially abusive actions, characterize them using a taxonomy of abstract code patterns, and assess the potential abusiveness of the patterns. The article then describes the design and implementation of a code pattern recognizer and uses the pattern recognizer to automatically analyze a dataset of 786 Python bot code repositories. The study does not only reveal the existence of 28 communication-specific code patterns - which could be used to assess the harmfulness of bot code - but also their consistent presence throughout all studied repositories.
Affective energy, authentic power, transforming communities: toward a phenomenology of collaboration
Authors: Hicks Darrin
Published: January 2020

This essay advances the proposition that the quality of the collaborative process can exercise considerable influence on the success and sustainability of community initiatives, especially those addressing community health and wellbeing. The force and direction of this influence, the essay argues, is largely accounted for by stakeholders’ perceptions of their collective power and whether the collaborative process feels authentic. Further, this influence can last for many years, flowing downstream from stakeholders participating in early stages of the collaborative process to those giving and receiving care. The essay offers a phenomenological account of collaboration – as animated by the flow and force of affective energy – to address several critical questions: what motivates collaboration; what sustains group cohesion; what are the features of high-quality collaborative processes; and what makes a collaborative process authentic? The essay concludes with an affective re-specification of authenticity – grounded in vitality, not essence – to explain why some collaboratives are more successful than others.
Object wave field extraction in off-axis holography by clipping its frequency components
Authors: Leal-León Nicómedes , Medina-Melendrez Modesto , Flores-Moreno J. M. , Álvarez-Lares Josué
Published: January 2020

Suitable extraction of an object’s wave field in an off-axis digital holographic array is the core for any numerical reconstruction process. In this manuscript, we propose an algorithm that reduces the number of pixels needed for an object’s wave field trimming, reducing notably its processing time without significant changes in the quality of the reconstructed image. Our method generates an extraction window containing a complete object’s wave field. The energy that the generated extraction window must contain is analyzed, defined, and used as a reference value. Our proposal reduces significantly the number of operations and execution time for holographic reconstruction.
Measurement of position synchronization of high-precision dual parallel motion stages by digital image correlation technique
Authors: Zhao Jianlong , Sang Yong , Duan Fuhai
Published: January 2020

In this paper, a method for measuring the synchronization error of high-precision dual parallel motion stages is presented. The method is based on a full-field measurement using two-dimensional digital image correlation (DIC) technology. Its outstanding advantage is that it allows users to take measurements in a reliable plane-to-plane manner. Combined with a digital microscope, the resolution of the measurement can reach micrometer level. The method also provides a measure of parallelism error between the stages, used to compensate for the initially measured synchronization error results. In order to demonstrate the method’s capabilities, a test case was carried out. In addition, the results obtained through DIC were statistically analyzed to improve their reliability. The final results indicated that this method is successful in the characterization of the position synchronization error.
Combinations of generalized lenses that satisfy the edge-imaging condition of transformation optics
Authors: Tyc Tomáš , Bělín Jakub , Oxburgh Stephen , White Chris D. , Cowie Euan N. , Courtial Johannes
Published: January 2020

We recently introduced the edge-imaging condition, a necessary condition for all generalized lenses (glenses) [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 33, 962 (2016)JOAOD60740-323210.1364/JOSAA.33.000962] in a ray-optical transformation-optics (RTO) device that share a common edge [Opt. Express 26, 17872 (2018)OPEXFF1094-408710.1364/OE.26.017872]. The edge-imaging condition states that, in combination, such glenses must image every point to itself. Here we begin the process of building up a library of combinations of glenses that satisfy the edge-imaging condition, starting with all relevant combinations of up to three glenses. As it grows, this library should become increasingly useful when constructing lens-based RTO devices.
On the equivalence of near-surface methods to determine the water-leaving radiance
Authors: Zibordi Giuseppe , Talone Marco
Published: January 2020

The equivalence of two radiometric methods relying on a single nadir-view optical sensor to determine the water-leaving radiance L
W
, namely the Single Depth Approach (SDA) and the Sky-Blocked Approach (SBA), was investigated applying identical hyperspectral radiometers operated on the same deployment platform. Values of L
W
from SDA and SBA measurements performed in the Black Sea across a variety of waters during ideal illumination conditions and with low-to-slight sea state, exhibited mean absolute differences within 0.5% in the blue-green spectral region and 2% in the red. This result, benefitting of a comprehensive parameterization of optical processes in combination with the characterization of sensors non-linearity, in-water response and reproducibility of absolute radiometric calibrations, indicated ample equivalence of the two near-surface methods in terms of performance and data reduction needs.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with visible light
Authors: Lindner Chiara , Wolf Sebastian , Kiessling Jens , Kühnemann Frank
Published: January 2020

Nonlinear interferometers allow spectroscopy in the mid-infrared range by detecting correlated visible light, for which non-cooled detectors with higher specific detectivity and lower dark count rates are available. We present a new approach for the registration of spectral information, which combines a nonlinear interferometer using non-degenerate spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) with a Fourier-transform spectroscopy concept. In order to increase the spectral coverage, we use broadband non-collinear SPDC in periodically poled LiNbO3. Without the need for spectrally selective detection, continuous spectra with a spectral bandwidth of more than 100 cm−1 are achieved. We demonstrate transmission spectra of a polypropylene sample measured with 6 cm−1 resolution in the spectral range between 3.2 µm to 3.9 µm.
Improved depth resolution and depth-of-field in temporal integral imaging systems through non-uniform and curved time-lens array
Authors: Shateri Farshid , Behzadfar Shiva , Kavehvash Zahra
Published: January 2020

Observing and studying the evolution of rare non-repetitive natural phenomena such as optical rogue waves or dynamic chemical processes in living cells is a crucial necessity for developing science and technologies relating to them. One indispensable technique for investigating these fast evolutions is temporal imaging systems. However, just as conventional spatial imaging systems are incapable of capturing depth information of a three-dimensional scene, typical temporal imaging systems also lack this ability to retrieve depth information—different dispersions in a complex pulse. Therefore, enabling temporal imaging systems to provide these information with great detail would add a new facet to the analysis of ultra-fast pulses. In this paper, after discussing how spatial three-dimensional integral imaging could be generalized to the time domain, two distinct methods have been proposed in order to compensate for its shortcomings such as relatively low depth resolution and limited depth-of-field. The first method utilizes a curved time-lens array instead of a flat one, which leads to an improved viewing zone and depth resolution, simultaneously. The second one which widens the depth-of-field is based on the non-uniformity of focal lengths of time-lenses in the time-lens array. It has been shown that compared with conventional setup for temporal integral imaging, depth resolution, i.e. dispersion resolvability, and depth-of-field, i.e. the range of resolvable dispersions, have been improved by a factor of 2.5 and 1.87, respectively.
Stationary and pulsating vector dissipative solitons in nonlinear multimode interference based fiber lasers
Authors: Luo Yiyang , Xiang Yang , Shum Perry Ping , Liu Yusong , Xia Ran , Ni Wenjun , Lam Huy Quoc , Sun Qizhen , Tang Xiahui
Published: January 2020

Rapid progress in real-time spectroscopy uncovers the spatio-spectral scenarios of ultrashort pulses in dissipative systems. Varieties of transient soliton dynamics on different timescales have been revealed. Here, we report on an experimental observation of stationary and pulsating vector dissipative solitons in a nonlinear multimode interference (NL-MMI) based fiber laser with net normal dispersion. Polarization non-discrimination of the NL-MMI mode-locking facilitates the dissipative soliton trapping process. Two orthogonally polarized components are coupled together through oppositely shifting their central frequencies to form the group-velocity-locked vector dissipative solitons (GVLVDSs). Dispersive Fourier transform (DFT) based polarization resolved measurement enables insights into the transient polarization dynamics and the long-term evolution. Particularly, both stationary and pulsating GVLVDSs are obtained with appropriate parameter settings. It is found that the quasi-stationary pulsating manner is accompanied with recurrent spectral breathing and energy oscillation; the two orthogonally polarized components possess synchronous pulsating manners due to the cross-phase modulation induced trapping mechanism and the similar formation process. Additionally, chaotic pulsation is also captured in sense that the spectra cannot recover to their original profiles despite of the harmonic energy oscillation. All these findings can enhance our understanding towards soliton pulsation with the freedom of vectorial degree.
Measurement of hysteresis loop based on weak measurement
Authors: Wang Qi , Li Tong , Luo Lan , He Yu , Liu Xiong , Li Zhaoxue , Zhang Zhiyou , Du Jinglei
Published: January 2020

In this Letter, we propose a technique for hysteresis loop measurement based on weak measurement. By using the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) as a probe and combining the quantum weak measurement, the technique’s noise can be suppressed greatly. A theoretical model to describe the numerical relation between the amplified shift and Kerr rotation angle is established. Through detecting the amplified shift of the PSHE based on weak measurement, we experimentally measure the hysteresis loops of Ni–Fe alloy film, iron–phthalocyanine (FePc) monolayer film, and Co/FePc double-layer film. The results show that the precision can reach about

∼

10

−
6

r
a
d

under ordinary experimental conditions, which may have an important application prospect in magneto-optic parameters measurement.
Optoelectronic generation of bio-aqueous femto-droplets based on the bulk photovoltaic effect
Authors: Muñoz-Cortés Esmeralda , Puerto Andrés , Blázquez-Castro Alfonso , Arizmendi Luis , Bella José L. , López-Fernández Carmen , Carrascosa Mercedes , García-Cabañes Angel
Published: January 2020

The generation and manipulation of small aqueous droplets is an important issue for nano- and biotechnology, particularly, when using microfluidic devices. The production of very small droplets has been frequently carried out by applying intense local electric fields to the fluid, which requires power supplies and metallic electrodes. This procedure complicates the device and reduces its versatility. In this work, we present a novel and flexible, to the best of our knowledge, electrodeless optoelectronic method for the production of tiny droplets of biologically friendly aqueous fluids. Our method takes advantage of the photoinduced electric fields generated by the bulk photovoltaic effect in iron-doped lithium niobate crystals. Two substrate configurations, presenting the polar ferroelectric axis either parallel or perpendicular to the active surface, have been successfully tested. In both crystal geometries, small droplets on the femtoliter scale have been obtained, although with a different spatial distributions correlated with the symmetry of the photovoltaic fields. The overall results demonstrate the effectiveness of the optoelectronic method to produce femtoliter droplets, both with pure water and with aqueous solutions containing biological material.
Widely separated optical Kerr parametric oscillation in AlN microrings
Authors: Tang Yulong , Gong Zheng , Liu Xianwen , Tang Hong X.
Published: January 2020

Here, we report

χ

(
3
)

-based optical parametric oscillation (OPO) with widely separated signal–idler frequencies from crystalline aluminum nitride microrings pumped at

2

µ

m

. By tailoring the width of the microring, OPO reaching toward the telecom and mid-infrared bands with a frequency separation of 64.2 THz is achieved. While dispersion engineering through changing the microring width is capable of shifting the OPO sideband by

>

9

T
H
z

, the OPO frequency can also be agilely tuned in the ranges of 1 and 0.1 THz, respectively, by shifting the pump wavelength and controlling the chip’s temperature. At high pump powers, the OPO sidebands further evolve into localized frequency comb lines. Such large-frequency-shift OPO with flexible wavelength tunability will lead to enhanced chip-scale light sources.
Brillouin scattering induced by shear acoustic mode in a step-index fiber
Authors: Cao Min , Huang Lin , Tang Min , Mi Yuean , Ren Guobin
Published: January 2020

We present the mechanism of backward Brillouin scattering induced by shear acoustic mode (SAM) in a step-index fiber. Unlike a longitudinal acoustic mode with negligible transverse displacement, a SAM has both considerable transverse and longitudinal displacements. During the light–sound coupling process, the fundamental and high-order SAMs can be guided and excited, ultimately generating a Brillouin gain spectrum with multipeak structure in a frequency range around 6 GHz. The interaction characteristics of the optical force with the displacement of all excited SAMs determine a partial cancellation effect, which is of great importance for the coupling coefficient of the optical–acoustic modes. The SAM-induced backward Brillouin scattering would provide a promising new approach for application such as multiparameter sensing.
Absorption measurements of transparent materials for a visible power laser: publisher’s note
Authors: Piombini Herve , Guediche Amira , Dammame Gilles
Published: January 2020

This publisher’s note contains corrections to Opt. Lett.
45, 519 (2020) OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.45.000519.
High-precision local transfer of van der Waals materials on nanophotonic structures
Authors: Rosser David , Fryett Taylor , Saxena Abhi , Ryou Albert , Majumdar Arka
Published: January 2020

Prototyping of van der Waals materials on dense nanophotonic devices requires high-precision monolayer discrimination to avoid bulk material contamination. We use the glass transition temperature of polycarbonate, used in the standard dry transfer process, to draw an in situ point for the precise pickup of two-dimensional materials. We transfer transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers onto a large-area silicon nitride spiral waveguide and silicon nitride ring resonators to demonstrate the high-precision contamination-free nature of the modified dry transfer method. Our improved local transfer technique is a necessary step for the deterministic integration of high-quality van der Waals materials onto nanocavities for the exploration of few-photon nonlinear optics on a high-throughput, nanofabrication-compatible platform.
The evolution of LGBT research in Israel
Authors: Kama Amit
Published: January 2020

This meta-analysis constitutes an attempt at mapping LGBT research in Israel with respect to its evolution and distribution of various attributes. Due to the relatively small size of Israel, it is possible to aggregate the entire catalogue of academic studies carried out within this
field. The corpus includes all scholarly works (n=586) published about LGBT people and/or related issues in Israel between 1942 and 2018. Several aspects were critically examined: historical trajectories and distributions of languages, disciplines, topics, genres, researched populations and
authors. This meta-analysis sheds light on how changes in the social sphere paved the way for the sudden growth in this field and how other macro-level phenomena affected various aspects of the field. The evolution of LGBT studies in Israel is characterized, inter alia, by a spiral movement
that was driven by a nucleus of pioneering scholars who have been paving the way for others.
A society that has leisure more and more as a basic need. The evolution of leisure seen by the Portuguese perspective.
Authors: Silveira Luís Ávila , Santos Norberto
Published: January 2020

Leisure is currently seen as a social value of reference. Perceived and valued as a way of rest, but simultaneously of fun, development and personal formation, leisure affects a significant part of our free time and our free will. In this article, particular attention is given to the explication and the integration of the concepts of working time, free time and leisure time. It is valued the interpretation given to leisure and the consecutive changes that brought us to the current understanding of leisure practices. Various perspectives of socioeconomic interpretation of leisure valuation, from the civilization of leisure to the societies of free time, consumption, spectacle, fun, postmodern and hypermodern, are discussed. In view of the enormous diversity of interpretations, a synthesis work is carried out on the meanings of the relations between the socioeconomic and the leisure elements.
Uso e ocupação do solo e a relação com a fragilidade dos remanescentes florestais na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Cértima/Portugal
Authors: Silva Alessandra Leite da , Longo Regina Márcia , Nunes Adélia De Jesus Nobre , Ribeiro Admilson Írio , Almeida António Campar de
Published: January 2020

Em Portugal, à semelhança do que ocorreu em vastas áreas da Europa Mediterrânea, ocorreram importantes mudanças no uso e ocupação do solo, sobretudo após a segunda metade do século XX. Entre essas alterações destaca-se o abandono agrícola e a florestação de terras antes ocupadas com agricultura, em consequência do êxodo rural e também de políticas públicas adotadas. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o uso e ocupação do solo, os fatores físicos (climáticos, geomorfológicos e pedológicos) e históricos e as fragilidades identificadas nos remanescentes de vegetação autóctone existentes na Bacia do Rio Cértima em Portugal. Para tal, preliminarmente foi executado um diagnóstico geral da área de estudo a partir dos seguintes geoindicadores: Bioma; Clima; Geomorfologia; Geologia; Pedologia; Hipsometria e Declividade. Em seguida, foram calculadas as métricas de paisagem divididas em três categorias: tamanho, borda e forma; e são aplicadas à bacia, em geral, considerando os remanescentes florestais mapeados. Para avaliar a qualidade da vegetação florestal existente realizou-se uma análise em campo em locais selecionados da bacia do rio Cértima, por meio do método Landscape Assessment Protocol (LAP) - Protocolo de Avaliação da Paisagem. Desta forma pode-se observar que a grande parte da cobertura vegetal existente na bacia do rio Cértima é composta por eucaliptos, sendo que foram identificados um total 1220 remanescentes florestais, que ocupam uma área de 8.547,05 ha, equivalente a 15,89% da área da bacia.
Desarrollo de competencias en el contexto del Semestre i: un estudio de caso
Authors: Lozano Rodríguez Armando , Araceli Alvarado García Marta , Llaven Aguilar María Isabel
Published: January 2020

La noción de Semestre i ha sido utilizada en el contexto universitario del Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM o Tecnológico de Monterrey, en su versión abreviada) como una modalidad de estudios disruptiva. Está basado en la técnica didáctica de aprendizaje basado en retos, que tiene como propósito que el alumno afronte una situación problemática que le permita aprender en un ámbito real de desempeño. El presente estudio de caso aborda las perspectivas plasmadas por alumnos y profesores con respecto a su experiencia vivida en el Semestre i. A través de una aproximación cualitativa, se buscó identificar aquellas categorías que aludían al desarrollo de competencias, al compromiso, la relación maestro-alumno y la transferencia de retos. Los hallazgos sugieren que la modalidad de Semestre i verdaderamente coadyuva al desarrollo de competencias disciplinares además de las transversales y que se forman fuertes vínculos sociales entre los alumnos que participan en los equipos que enfrentan los retos. También se identificó al estrés como un elemento inherente al modelo educativo del Semestre i más en profesores que en alumnos. Se considera importante analizar estas modalidades educativas disruptivas, así como profundizar en la investigación del Aprendizaje Basado en Retos (ABR).
Percepción de los estudiantes italianos y españoles sobre el uso de la tecnología en las aulas de clásicos en la Escuela Secundaria
Authors: Canfarotta Daniela , Casado-Muñoz Raquel
Published: January 2020

Una sociedad que cada vez es más tecnológica debe explorar nuevas formas de aprendizaje. De hecho, las tecnologías digitales tienen un impacto en la educación a través del desarrollo de entornos de aprendizaje más flexibles adaptados a las necesidades de una sociedad de alta movilidad. Para preparar a los jóvenes en su futura incorporación al mercado laboral, las recientes reformas educativas en Italia y en España han centrado su atención en las competencias digitales de los estudiantes. Por ello, estamos interesados en investigar cómo el alumnado de estudios clásicos en escuelas secundarias italianas y españolas perciben el uso de las nuevas tecnologías en el aula. Es relevante investigar acerca de los clásicos en la escuela porque tradicionalmente estas materias se perciben como menos útiles para el trabajo. Utilizamos una metodología de estudio de caso cualitativa y recopilamos datos a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con estudiantes de ambos países. Se utilizó el programa OpenCode para analizar los datos. Las principales categorías de contenido fueron: uso de recursos tecnológicos en el aula, métodos de enseñanza, competencias latinas y griegas útiles para la colocación laboral. Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes, especialmente los italianos, perciben una falta de uso de la tecnología en el aula y el uso de la enseñanza tradicional expositiva prevalece. Los que usan la tecnología en el aula no son conscientes de la utilidad para su trabajo futuro. Concluimos con sugerencias para estudiantes de lenguas y cultura clásicas.
El uso académico del ordenador portátil y del smartphone en estudiantes universitarios españoles e iberoamericanos
Authors: Sáez López José Manuel , Sevillano García María Luisa , Vázquez Cano Esteban
Published: January 2020

El presente estudio analiza la utilización del ordenador portátil y el smartphone por parte de estudiantes universitarios, identificando sus beneficios y aplicaciones académicas. La muestra es no probabilística compuesta por 469 sujetos en 10 universidades, 5 de España y 5 de países iberoamericanos. Se ha empleado una metodología a partir del análisis descriptivo y factorial. Se concluye que existe una mayor presencia del ordenador portátil en el estudio y tareas académicas, mientras que el smartphone está más presente en la comunicación y el entretenimiento. El ordenador portátil tiene más presencia en las funciones instructiva, informativa, colaboradora e ilustrativa, y en actividades de aprendizaje. El smartphone obtiene mejores resultados en lo relativo a las funciones de entretenimiento y comunicación. En cualquier caso, son claros los beneficios y satisfacción en el uso de ambos dispositivos. Esta realidad obliga e impulsa a los docentes hacia una nueva metodología docente, incluyendo la preparación de recursos para ser aprovechados en línea.
Estrategias de visibilidad para la producción científica en revistas electrónicas de acceso abierto: revisión sistemática de literatura
Authors: Portuguez Castro May , Rey Castillo Marisol , Gómez Zermeño Marcela Georgina
Published: January 2020

Una de las principales finalidades de la publicación es ejercer impacto en la nueva generación de conocimiento a través de la citación. Publicar no es suficiente: para trascender es necesario ser citado. Sin embargo, el asunto es complejo y requiere atención desde varios frentes, uno de ellos, las estrategias de visibilidad que permitan futuras citaciones. La presente revisión sistemática de literatura (SLR) tiene por objeto analizar artículos sobre impacto de citas, producidos desde 2016 hasta 2018, registrados en las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science, con el fin de identificar estrategias de visibilidad de la producción científica. El trabajo se centra en tres focos: el contexto y tipo de estudios realizados sobre el tema, las estrategias usadas y recomendaciones para incrementar la citación en revistas de acceso abierto. Entre los hallazgos se destaca el uso de la Internet como eje para la visibilidad a partir de diversas herramientas y se recomiendan diferentes estrategias para ser replicadas en este tipo de publicaciones.
Una investigación sobre el uso de la tecnología de los medios visuales en la educación
Authors: Tezer Murat , Uçar Onder , Tepe Abdullatif
Published: January 2020

El propósito de esta investigación es examinar el efecto educativo del uso de los medios visuales en el sistema educativo. Para lograr este objetivo, se consultó la opinión de los profesores. Por esta razón, junto con las variables demográficas de los profesores que trabajan en las escuelas de secundaria, se investigaron los efectos de los medios visuales en la educación y la formación en el norte de Chipre. En esta investigación se utilizó el método de encuesta comúnmente utilizado para describir la situación actual y para recoger la colección de datos “El efecto educativo del uso de los medios visuales por parte de los profesores”. Se han encontrado diferencias significativas para los temas “La alfabetización audiovisual ha aislado a los estudiantes del enfoque educativo de ensueño”, “No encuentro los medios visuales adecuados para los estudiantes” y “El enfoque educativo tradicional ha terminado con los medios visuales”. Como resultado, los profesores consideran que la educación impartida a través de los medios visuales es más concreta, pero que la tecnología visual no está suficientemente integrada en el sistema educativo actual.
Hacia el Mobile-Learning en la escuela: análisis de factores críticos en el uso de las tablets en centros educativos españoles
Authors: Fuentes Juan Luis , Albertos Jesús , Torrano Fermín
Published: January 2020

Las Tablets son concebidas en la actualidad como uno de los principales dispositivos tecnológicos móviles capaces de promover diferentes dimensiones del aprendizaje vinculadas a la competencia digital, como el aprendizaje móvil y ubicuo, el colaborativo o el creativo, entre otros, por lo que cada vez más centros educativos han comenzado a integrarlas en sus metodologías didácticas en distintos países. El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar el proceso de integración de las Tablets en los centros educativos españoles, atendiendo a algunos de los factores críticos identificados por la literatura científica reciente para el éxito de la innovación educativo-tecnológica. Se trata de un estudio de carácter descriptivo-explicativo donde se presentan los resultados de un cuestionario realizado por 1778 estudiantes de Educación Primaria y Secundaria de 31 centros y 6 comunidades autónomas. Entre los principales hallazgos destaca la ausencia de cambios significativos en los sistemas de evaluación con respecto a los métodos previos a la introducción de las Tablets; la escasa implantación de metodologías innovadoras propias de la tecnología, especialmente en lo que se refiere a los videojuegos o a la colaboración on-line; el alto grado de convivencia con otros recursos de carácter analógico, que señala la existencia de un modelo mixto de integración tecnológica; la amplia aceptación de las Tablets por parte de toda la comunidad educativa, fundamentalmente estudiantes, pero también profesores y padres y madres; y una autopercepción de mejora del rendimiento académico por parte de los alumnos atribuida al uso de las Tablets, que resulta notable en los estudiantes que obtienen altas y medias calificaciones, pero escasamente apreciable en aquellos con calificaciones bajas.
Alfabetización visual en nuevos medios: revisión y mapeo sistemático de la literatura
Authors: García Sánchez Felicidad , Therón Roberto , Gómez-Isla José
Published: January 2020

Muchos investigadores han tratado anteriormente con la alfabetización visual en los usuarios de nuevas tecnologías donde se utilizan imágenes. El objetivo de esta investigación es presentar una revisión sistemática de la literatura para identificar, analizar y clasificar los enfoques publicados y así encontrar, respaldar o mejorar las investigaciones que se realizan desde la perspectiva de las nuevas tecnologías. Como resultado, este estudio identifica 39 artículos en los que relacionan la alfabetización con las nuevas tecnologías o las imágenes en redes sociales. Se localizan varios enfoques principales donde se relacionan los nuevos medios con alfabetización visual: en educación, en tecnologías de la información y comunicación, en arte y diseño, comunicación, psicología, demografía, aspectos profesionales o ciencias de la información. Pero estos enfoques carecen de estandarización y son principalmente soluciones para cada uno de los hechos concretos presentados. El principal campo en el que se investiga este concepto es el que relaciona las imágenes con la educación. Se intenta demostrar la importancia de las imágenes en la vida diaria y su relación con el aprendizaje formal. Algunas soluciones encontradas en la literatura (aunque poco frecuentes) llegan a la conclusión de que, gracias a algunas herramientas diseñadas para ello, se podría llegar a observar el estado de la alfabetización visual en usuarios de nuevas tecnologías y nuevos medios. A pesar de diversos trabajos que tratan este tema y sus desafíos, es necesario seguir mejorando la investigación en esta área mediante la aplicación de técnicas y que den lugar a soluciones estandarizadas, que permitan explorar nuevas formas de analizar e interpretar la alfabetización visual, evitando las soluciones pensadas para cada investigación o evaluando soluciones propuestas.
El Estado de Brasil en los albores del siglo XVII. Una carta inédita del gobernador-general Diogo Botelho (Olinda, 1602)
Authors: Furquim Werneck Xavier Lucia , A. Iglesias MagalhÃes Pablo
Published: January 2020

El artículo presenta y analiza una carta inédita del gobernador-general Diogo Botelho redactada en la villa de Olinda en 1602. El documento revela información desconocida acerca de las capitanías brasileñas, así como de los diversos proyectos que se estaban ejecutando en ellas dos décadas después de la Unión Dinástica. Su lectura también nos ofrece la perspectiva de un administrador colonial recién llegado desde Portugal a Brasil que buscaba conocer las particularidades de las diversas redes ya existentes desde el siglo XVI e interferir en ellas utilizando los mecanismos propios de la economía de mercedes, basada en premios y castigos.
Los lugares sin lugar del samba: choque del cancionero popular con las transformaciones urbanas de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro en la primera mitad del siglo XX
Authors: De Lima Mendes Junior Walcler , Michaello Macedo Dias Juliana
Published: January 2020

El artículo discute la importancia del samba como clave de lectura de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro en las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Para ello, se parte de dos procesos cruciales de transformación urbana de la ciudad, la reforma Pereira Pasos y el Plan Agache, como períodos ejemplares de la transformación del samba de marginal a cronista urbano. Los lugares del samba se presentarán bajo los siguientes recortes: en cuanto representación de la población excluida de los discursos burgueses de la Belle Époque, como marca del hibridismo cultural brasileño de la intelectualidad de las décadas de 1920 y 1930 y como cronista de las transformaciones urbanas de la primera mitad del siglo XX.
El recurso metalingüístico y la performatividad en la samba. Una propuesta de análisis desde la semiótica cultural
Authors: Fuentes De Azevedo Sandra
Published: January 2020

Con el siguiente estudio se pretende poner en práctica un análisis discursivo de la samba desde una óptica multidisciplinar. Para ello nos servimos, entre otros, de los estudios de semiótica cultural y musical del doctor Juan Miguel González Martínez; del estudio de metalenguaje en la samba de André Nemi Conforte y de la propuesta performática en Austin. Dichos trabajos además de servir como soporte teórico nos ayudan a comprender el mecanismo por el que se rige la samba para construir lo que Lubomír Doležel denomina, mundos posibles, y que no es otra cosa que símbolos y signos que pasan a formar parte de una realidad y, por tanto, de una memoria colectiva. De este modo, la samba – texto inteligente –, sus compositores y sus oyentes construyen una armazón semiótica capaz de reproducirse y retroalimentarse a lo largo de los años, dando como resultado una identidad sociocultural. Finalmente se deduce el poder de la música, sobre todo en el género que nos ocupa, el cual funciona no solo como canal de comunicación, sino que además goza de un papel importantísimo: el de crear conciencia histórica.
A simple and efficient purification method of native immunoreactive antigen for diagnosis of camel hydatidosis
Authors: Toaleb Nagwa I. , Helmy Mohamed S. , El Shanawany Eman E. , Abdel-Rahman Eman H.
Published: January 2020

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic disease that affects animal and human health, is of increasing economic importance due to high morbidity rates and high economic losses in the livestock industry. Aim: The present study was conducted to purify the antigen from hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) with high diagnostic efficacy of camel hydatidosis using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Materials and Methods: The HCF antigen was purified using Sephacryl S-300 column chromatography. Characterization of fractions was performed using reducing and non-reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis. Further, antibodies against Echinococcus granulosus cysts in camel serum were detected using indirect ELISA. Results: The purification process resulted in three fractions of antigens: FI, FII, and FIII. Indirect ELISA showed that higher diagnostic efficacy was observed in FI than in FII and FIII. Indirect ELISA, in which FI was utilized, showed 88% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity. Non-reducing SDS-PAGE showed that FI had two bands of molecular weights 120 and 60 kDa. Western blot analysis of FI demonstrated that 60, 38, and 22 kDa were antigenic bands when reacted with naturally infected camel sera with E. granulosus cysts. Using indirect ELISA, F1 recorded an infection percentage of 81.7% in randomly collected camel serum samples. Conclusion: FI is a promising antigen for accurate diagnosis of camel CE using indirect ELISA.
Effects of sublethal and realistic concentrations of the commercial herbicide atrazine in Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus): Long-term exposure and recovery assays
Authors: Delcorso Mariana Cruz , de Paiva Paula Pereira , Grigoleto Marcela Regina Paganuchi , Queiroz Sônia C. N. , Collares-Buzato Carla Beatriz , Arana Sarah
Published: January 2020

Background and Aim: The commercial formulations of the herbicide atrazine (cATZ) are widely employed in Brazilian agriculture, and, as a consequence, ATZ has been found at levels above that established by law in the river basins in Brazil. Although the toxicity of ATZ in fish is well documented, there are few studies on the recovery capacity after cATZ exposure. This work aimed to evaluate, using several biomarkers, the toxic effects of long-term exposure to the sublethal (3.57 mg/L) and nonlethal realistic (3.00 μg/L) cATZ concentrations followed by a recovery assay, in fingerlings of a Brazilian teleost, the Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacu).

Materials and Methods: Pacu fingerlings were housed in glass tanks and divided into the following experimental groups (two tanks/group): Exposure control = EC, recovery control = RC, the sublethal groups exposed to 3.57 mg/L of cATZ, (sublethal exposure group = SLE and sublethal recovery group = SLR) and the nonlethal groups treated with 3.00 μg/L of cATZ (nonlethal exposure group = NLE and nonlethal recovery group = NLR). The exposure assay was semi-static with a duration of 30 days and the recovery assay (after cATZ withdrawal) lasted 14 days. Several biomarkers were evaluated in fingerlings from all groups: The swimming behavior, the body weight gain, the micronucleus formation and nuclear alterations in erythrocytes, and the hepatic and renal histopathology analyzed by qualitative and semi-quantitative morphological methods (using light and electron microscopy).

Results: No significant difference in weight gain was observed among the groups after the exposure and recovery assays. The sublethal exposure induced impaired swimming movements, significant histopathological alterations, including necrosis in the liver and kidney, and a significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei in erythrocytes. The nonlethal exposure induced only subtle histopathological changes in the liver and kidney. After recovery assay, no genotoxic alteration was noted in pacu exposed to sublethal concentration, while the cATZ-induced kidney damage was partially reversed but not the hepatic injury.

Conclusion: cATZ exhibits long-term toxic effects on pacu, even at relatively low concentrations, affecting mainly the liver and the kidney, and the effects of sublethal concentration are only partially reversed after cATZ withdrawal.