bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Gum Arabic in Diabetes and its Complications: A Narrative Review
Authors: Munir Salama Suzy , Ali Fadlalmola Hammad , Mohammed Abdel Hafeez Manal , Ali Mohamed Ahmed Samia , Awad Mohamed Rafiah , Mohammed Ali Elatta Nora , Adam Mariod Abdalbasit
Published: October 2021

Gum Arabic (GA) is a gummy exudation from Acacia species, rich in soluble fibers. It is a dietary fiber used traditionally by the natives of many countries of the Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan, and India as therapeutic natural product for treating various diseases including kidney diseases, impotence, obesity, and epilepsy. Diabetes represent a global health problem causing many complications and health risk to people of different ages. The current study aimed at identifying the role of Gum Arabic in treating diseases especially diabetes. Many studies have been conducted on the role of Gum Arabic in experimentally induced diabetes as well as randomized clinical studies. This narrative review was written based on a database search in common libraries such as PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus. The libraries were searched for English articles published between 1995 and 2020 focusing on the role of Gum Arabic in different preclinical and clinical trials of early and advanced level of diabetes.
Keywords: Gum Arabic, diabetes, animals, human, nanoparticles
Extraction and Identification of Chemical Compounds of Peganum harmala L. Seed Essential Oil by HS-SPME and GC-MS Methods
Authors: Asadzadeh Reza , Abbasi Naser , Bahmani Mahmoud
Published: October 2021

Peganum harmala is a plant that belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae. In traditional medicine, this plant has therapeutic effects such as repelling intestinal worms, increasing sexual potency, increasing milk secretion, anti-rheumatism, regularizing, anti-parasitic, hypnotic, diaphoretic, anti-cancer and analgesic. The aim of this study was to identify the chemical composition of P. harmala seed essential oil. P. harmala seed essential oil was extracted by Head Space-SPME [HS-SPME] method and its chemical compounds were identified by GC-MS method. Totally, 41 chemical compounds were identified in P. harmala seed essential oil. According to the results, the most compounds of P. harmala L. seed essential oil includes 2,3-dimethyl benzofuran (28.32%), cis-linalool oxide (7.46%), [2E]- decenal (6.57%), 4aα,7β,7aα-nepetalactone (6.49%), 3-oxo-p-menth-1-en-7-al (6.36%) and trans- β- terpineol (5.86%), respectively.
Effect of Topical Clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry) Gel on Premature Ejaculation: A Pilot Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Sharifi Olounabadi Ahmad Reza , Khayyamfar Fereidoun , Kamalinejad Mohammad , Salesi Mahmood , Alijaniha Fatemeh , Emadi Fatemeh , Ghaffari Farzaneh , Daneshfard Babak , Naseri Mohsen
Published: October 2021

Premature ejaculation is one of the most common sexual disorders worldwide without a satisfying treatment. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of a topical formulation of clove oil in premature ejaculation patients. Eligible patients were randomly divided into two groups to use either Syzygium aromaticum (SA) 1% gel or placebo gel 10 minutes before the intercourse for a period of 8 weeks. Outcome measurement were Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaires in addition to Intravaginal Ejaculation Latency Time (IELT). A total number of 22 (11 patients in each group) participants completed the study. At the end of the intervention, the IELT scores changed from 29.84 ± 18.59 to 97.09 ± 91.86 and 42.51 ± 13.98 to 52.45 ± 32.7 seconds in SA gel and placebo groups, respectively (p-value = 0.003). Also, the changes of PEDT scores in the SA gel group (from 14 ± 3.55 to 9.2 ± 4.56) comparing to that of placebo gel group (from 14.63 ± 3.61 to 13.5 ± 3.78) was significantly different (p-value =0.001). Moreover, results of IIEF questionnaire revealed significant improvement of “Intercourse Satisfaction” in SA gel group (p-value = 0.016). No adverse event was observed. It seems that SA gel could be beneficial in the treatment of premature ejaculation; however, it should be further evaluated in larger studies.
Application of Natural Products in Radiotherapy-Induced Dermatitis: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Rezghi Maedeh , Moradi Farahani Akram , Asadi Farideh , Mitra Sarmistha , Dash Raju , Mozaffarpour Seyed Ali , Memariani Zahra
Published: October 2021

Radiodermatitis (RD) is experienced by many cancer patients ‎receiving radiotherapy. An increasing number of these patients demand alternative natural therapies. This study aimed to review the natural products application in cancer patients who experience RD.‎ A search of studies published from 1990 to ‎‎2020 in the ‎databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was performed with the keywords relevant to “Radiotherapy” “Dermatitis” and “Natural Products”. Out of 73 papers obtained, 40 papers were excluded which described only protocols or were non-clinical, non-English language, or without full text. The obtained studies were ‎discussed in detail according to the outcomes and potential mechanisms of action for each natural ‎product.‎ Clinically studied natural products were found to show several outcomes from non-effective to effective in diminishing various items of RD. Outcomes on the effectiveness of Aloe vera were diverse. Some trials suggest that Silybum marianum, Boswellia, Nigella sativa, olive oil, Lianbai, and Hypericum perforatum as well as some multi-ingredient products might be effective prophylactic treatments for RD. Potential mechanisms of these natural products included topical hydrating, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound ‎healing activities. Results from this review shows that there are some promising natural product options for the prevention and treatment of RD via their multifactorial bioactivities. However, additional research is needed before any definitive conclusions. A larger sample size, optimum doses and duration of intervention as well as investigation of treatment effects in diverse populations and comorbid complications would also be essential in future studies.
A Rare Pediatric Case Report With Review of Literature for the Diagnosis of Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia (FAB M7)
Authors: Theyab Abdulrahman , Algahtani Mohammad , Dobie *Gasim , Hamali Hassan A , Mobarki Abdullah A , Saboor Muhammed , Halawani Amr J , Nahari Mohammed H , Hakami Abdulrahim R , Hamadi Abdullah , Alsharif Khalaf H , Jackson Denise E
Published: October 2021

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounting for 3%–10% of primary AML in childhood. Clinical manifestations of AML patients can include low grade of fever, diarrhea, easy bruising, failure to growth, and life-threatening clinical manifestations. Laboratory tests are very crucial to make a definitive diagnosis and treatment. We report here an uncommon case of AMKL in a 12-month-old boy who presented with general paleness and fatigue. Based on blood film investigation, bone marrow examination report, and immunophenotyping, he was diagnosed as a case of AMKL without Down syndrome.
Evaluation Of Lathyrus Sativus Cultivated In Ethiopia For Proximate Composition, Minerals, Â-Odap And Anti-Nutritional Components
Authors:   Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Kelbesa Urga , H Fufa , E Biratu , A A
Published: October 2021

Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is one of the most important food legumes in countries like Bangladesh, India and Ethiopia. The legume is nutritious, rich in protein (28-32%) and contains good quantities of essential amino acids. Consumption of Lathyrus sativus seeds has been associated for more than 2000 years with neurolathyrim caused by the nearotoxin ß-ODAP (ß-N-Oxalyl-L-α, ß-diaminopropionic acid) present in the seeds. In the present study, Lathyrus sativus seed samples collected from the traditional grass pea growing areas in the country were analyzed for characteristics such as crude protein (CP), ß-ODAP, catechin equivalents (CE), trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA), 100 seed weight, seed color and consumption habit of grass pea seeds. The CP content ranged from 272.9 g/kg -1 to 319.8 g/kg -1 dry matter, the lowest and highest CP being observed in samples collected from Grar Jarso and Akaki, respectively. There were higher variations between samples in ß-ODAP levels. On average, ß-ODAP level in samples from Akaki was about twofold higher than those from Asgido. CE, which detects simple flavonoids as well as condensed tannins, was not more than 7.66 g/kg-1 dry matter in any sample. The TIA content did not differ significantly between the samples. The correlation coefficients indicated that, ß-ODAP, CE, TIA and 100 seed weight were positively correlated (p<0.05) with CP. In contrast, CE and TIA were negatively correlated (p<0.05) with ß-ODAP. The dietary interviews revealed that grass pea has diversified uses in Ethiopia both as human food and feed or crop. The habit of consuming shiro wot (the Ethiopian traditional spiced soup-like dish), kik wot (sauce made of dehusked split seeds) kollo (roasted whole seeds), nifro (boiled whole seeds) or kitta (unlearned flat bread) prepared from grass pea alone is significantly higher (p<0.05) than the habit of consuming those food items prepared from grass pea mixed with other legumes. Further studies are warranted to understand the reasons that influenced food choices of the housewives for establishing respective ways to improve healthy consumption habits.
Potential Toxicity of Some Traditional Leafy Vegetables Consumed in Nyang’oma Division, Western Kenya
Authors:   Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, FO Orech , Akenga Treza ,   Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Ochora J ,   Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Friis H ,   Rolighedsveg.30, Aagaard-Hansen J ,   Jaegersborg Allé 1D
Published: October 2021

Traditional leafy vegetables are those plants leaves or aerial parts have been integrated in a community’s culture for use as food over a long span of time. These vegetables are highly recommended due to their relatively high nutritional value compared to the introduced varieties, and are also important in food security. Qualitative phytochemical screening, using standard laboratory procedure, was carried out for alkaloids, saponins, cardenolides, flavonoids and polyphenols on traditional leafy vegetables consumed amongst the Luo, an agro-pastoral community living along the shores of lake Victoria, Western Kenya. The vegetables included: Amaranthus hybridus L. (subsp.hybridus), Asystasia mysorensis T. Anderson, Coccinia grandis (L) Voigt, Crotalaria ochroleuca (Kotschy) Polhill, Cucurbita maxima Duchesne ex Lam, Portulaca quadrifida L., Sesamum calycimum Welw. var. angustifolium (Oliv.) Ihlenf. and Siedenst., Senna occidentalis L. and Sida acuta Burm. F. All the vegetables were found to contain polyphenols and flavanoids while other classes of phytochemicals varied from species to species. Brine shrimp lethality tests revealed that S. calycimum var. angustifolium (LC50 84.8 g/ml), S. occidentalis (LC50 99.5 g/ml), S. acuta (LC50 99.4 g/ml), C. grandis (LC50 100.6 g/ml) and A. mysorensis (LC50 207.7 g/ml) exhibited marked levels of toxicity. C. ochroleuca (Sunnhemp) contained all the five classes of phytochemicals, but proved less toxic (LC50 4511.3 g/ml). This vegetable is highly utilized in Nyang’oma, and seventy per cent of the respondents consume this species. Though A. hybridus (African spinach, or Amaranth) was found to be the least toxic (LC50 6233.6 g/ml) and this vegetable is recommended for consumption. From the results, five vegetables contain possible agents that can cause acute or chronic toxicities when consumed in large quantities or over a long period of time. Hence some vegetables should be consumed with great care. Further studies are recommended to determine which of the phytochemicals are lethal to mammals, especially human beings.
Effect of Processing and Preservation Methods of Vitamin C and Total Carotenoid Levels of Some VERNONIA (Bitter Leaf) Species
Authors:   University of Ngaoundéré, A.R A.R , A.N Tanya , N.V Djuikwo , C.M Mbofung
Published: October 2021

Vernonia is one of the leafy vegetables that can be used in an attempt to alleviate the problem of micronutrient malnutrition, prominent in tropical Africa. Commonly known as Ndole or Bitterleaf in most Central and West African countries, it is one of the most widely consumed leafy vegetable in Cameroon. Though eaten by a large proportion of the population, cultivation is limited to the southern parts of the country and mostly in the rainy season. In order to ensure availability in nongrowing areas or seasons, the vegetable is usually processed and preserved. Processing and preservation methods used are thought to influence the nutrient content of these vegetables. The study was aimed at determining the effects of processing and preservation methods on vitamin C and total carotenoid levels of some species of Vernonia (V. amygdalina, V. calvoana var. bitter, V. colorata and V. calvoana var. non bitter) consumed in Cameroon. The processing methods were squeeze–washing, boiling and squeeze–washing with 0N, 1N and 2N concentrations of natron. The methods of preservation were sun drying, oven drying at different temperatures (45, 60 and 75°C) and freezing for 0, 10, 30 60 and 120 days. Results show that these leafy vegetables were good sources of vitamin C and total carotenoid. Vitamin C values vary from 137.5±3.3 in V. calvoana non bitter to 197.5 ± 3.5mg/100g in V. colorata, while total carotenoid levels range from 30.0 ± 1.0 in V. amygdalina to 41.5±0.9mg/100g in V. colorata for the raw samples. Greater losses of both vitamins were observed for the bitter species. Drying caused significant losses, especially in Vitamin C. The best temperature for drying the vegetables to preserve carotenoids and vitamin C was at 45°C, whereas sun drying and oven drying at 75°C caused the highest losses. Freezing for up to ten days had no significant influence on total carotenoids and vitamin C levels. Comparatively, squeezewashing proved to be the best processing method that ensured minimum loss of both vitamins.
Nutritive Value Of Three Potential Complementary Foods Based On Cereals And Legumes
Authors:   University of Jos, Mariam Solomon
Published: October 2021

The objectives of the study were to formulate composite blends (weaning foods based on locally available cereals and legumes, to chemically evaluate their nutrient values, and compare with those of a proprietary formula and recommended daily allowance (RDA). The study is part of the effort to provide home-based complementary (weaning) foods that can be more cost effective to the low income families. Three composite blends were formulated based on protein basis of the food commodities used. Standard procedures of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) were used to determine the proximate chemical composition. Technicon amino acid analyzer was used to detect and quantify neither amino acids using nor leucine as the internal standard, while atomic absorption spectrophotometer and ion chromatographic analyzer were used to determine the mineral element composition. The overall results indicated that crude protein, lipid, fibre, ash, moisture, energy and carbohydrate were either comparable or higher than values in the proprietary formula. The subject formulae would meet the RDA for protein, lipid, magnesium, manganese and fluoride based on an estimated daily intake of 65 g of weaning foods by a normal six months old infant in Jos, Nigeria. The subject diets would not meet the RDA for other nutrients based on the same estimation. It is therefore recommended that infants fed on these formulations be breastfed for at least two years, since the formulations are not intended to substitute breast milk, but to complement it. Frequent feeding on these foods is also recommended to increase daily nutrient intake. Inclusion of other nutrient-dense food commodities or appropriate micronutrients is necessary to raise the level of nutrients. The researchers believe that complementary foods formulated from locally available food commodities have great potential in providing nutritious foods that are practical, food-based approaches, aimed at combating the problem of malnutrition among infants and children in Nigeria in particular, and developing counties in general.
​Safety Evaluation of Andrographolide-nanosuspensions
Authors: Wu Haigang , Liu Jia , Ye Zhaowei , Liu Jinni , Huang Li , Liu Jicheng
Published: October 2021

Background: Andrographolide (ANDRO) is a hydrophobic drug, which faces the problem of limited absorption due to poor water solubility. The current research prepared andrographolide nanosuspensions (ANDRO-NS) and examined in vivo toxicity for mice. Methods: ANDRO-NS were prepared by anti-solvent precipitation method, transmission electron micrographs, granularity analysis and in vitro release were used to characterize the ANDRO-NS, we evaluate the safety of the ANDRO-NS by using the acute toxicity test, local irritation test and chronic toxicity test. Result: The particle size of ANDRO-NS was (568.51±13.74 nm). The LD50 for ANDRO-NS was 548.91 mg/kg after oral administration to KM mice with a 95% CI of 468.19-645.03 mg/kg. The white blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels for the experimental groups were lower than controls receiving only saline. Serum aspartate transaminase, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were greater than controls after 7 and 14 days of once-daily administration. After 14 days of administration, the platelet counts as well asalanine transaminase levels were, in addition, Histological observations indicated that interstitial kidney tissues were wider than controls and showed episodic bleeding after 7 days of administration. The highest dose administered also resulted in the dilation and blood engorgement of the central hepatic veins with some severed hepatic cords. Mice receiving the lowest dose of ANDRO-NS we administered appeared healthy and similar to controls receiving saline only. Following 14 days of administration, we found significant vacuolar degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells and glomerular atrophy for the high-dose group as well as edema and necrosis in liver cells. The medium-dose group displayed kidney interstitial tissue widening with scattered bleeding, inflammatory cell infiltration and hepatocyte edema. The low-dose group displayed dilated renal tubules and irregularly-arranged liver cells as well as bleeding in the hepatic sinusoids. Therefore, short-term administration of andrographolide suspensions resulted in inflammation and time- and dose-dependent toxic effects on the kidneys and liver.
Pendidikan Seks AUD sebagai Upaya Preventif untuk Menghindarkan Anak dari Bahaya Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Ratnawati Siti Rohmaturrosyidah
Published: October 2021

Fenomena pelecehan seksual pada anak (child sexual abuse) merupakan permasalahan yang terus menghantui siapapun, khususnya para orang tua. Kepolosan dan ketidaktahuan anak-anak merupakan salah satu sebab mengapa mereka seringkali menjadi sasaran tindakan pelecehan seksual. Untuk itu, pendidikan seks menjadi hal yang tak kalah penting untuk diberikan kepada anak sejak dini. Melalui makalah ini, penulis akan mengkaji secara mendalam tentang pendidikan seks untuk anak usia dini dengan memfokuskan kajiannya pada dua poin pembahasan, yaitu: materi dan strategi pendidikan seks pada anak usia dini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah library research. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan seks untuk anak usia dini dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan materi pendidikan seks melalui beberapa strategi yang diantaranya adalah mengenalkan anggota tubuh beserta fungsinya, mengajarkan anak untuk bisa membersihkan area intim mereka sendiri, memahamkan bagian tubuh yang tidak boleh dilihat dan disentuh orang lain, mengajarkan konsep perbedaan jenis kelamin, memotivasi anak untuk berani berkata “tidak” saat ada orang lain yang menyentuh bagian tubuh mereka yang terlarang dan berani meminta tolong dan melaporkan kepada orang tua ketika hal tersebut terjadi. Selain itu, orang tua juga perlu membekali anak-anak dengan literasi digital yang positif saat mereka mulai mengenal atau dekat dengan gadget, internet, dan media sosial. Perhatian dan pengawasan maksimal dari orang tua dan pendidik juga merupakan hal yang tidak boleh terlupakan untuk memaksimalkan proses pendidikan seks bagi anak.
Penerapan Reward untuk Meningkatkan Disiplin Anak dalam Belajar
Authors: Nafisah Umi Latifatun , Kirana Dhinuk Puspita
Published: October 2021

Reward merupakan salah satu cara guru dalam mengapersiasi siswa atas perbuatannya yang patut dipuji. Dalam suatu kelas terdapat siswa yang rajin belajar, ada juga yang kurang rajin dalam belajar, selain itu ada juga siswa yang patuh pada guru, ada juga yang melakukan pelanggaran di dalam proses pembelajaran baik disengaja maupun tidak. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu metode atau strategi yang digunakan untuk mendisiplikan siswa khususnya dalam belajar. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan yaitu dengan menerapkan reward. Dengan menerapkan reward ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan sikap disiplin siswa dalam belajar, sehingga proses belajar mengajar dalam berjalan secara efektif dan efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui teknik pelaksanaan reward, kendala yang dihadapi serta implikasinya dalam meningkatkan sikap disiplin dalam belajar siswa MIN 1 Ponorogo.Penelitian ini merupakan jenis kualitatif dengan metode study kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa: (1) Teknik pelaksanaan reward di kelas 2 Uways Al Qorny MIN 1 Ponorogo dalam bentuk ucapan pujian, tepuk tangan, dan dalam bentuk point/angka. Untuk akumulasi point dilakukan di akhir tahun pelajaran. Untuk siswa yang mendapatkan akumulasi point penghargaan minimal 50 point dalam satu tahun akan mendapatkan piagam penghargaan dari madrasah. (2) Implikasi penerapan reward di kelas 2 Uways Al Qorny MIN 1 Ponorogo yaitu siswa menjadi lebih disiplin dalam belajar misalnya tepat waktu dalam mengerjakan tugas, siswa lebih aktif, pembelajaran lebih menyenangkan. (3) Kendala dalam penerapan reward di kelas 2 Uways Al Qorny MIN 1 Ponorogo yaitu siswa lebih mementingkan reward daripada kegiatan belajar, siswa menjadikan reward sebagai perlombaan sehingga terjadi kecemburuan antar siswa.
Analisis Penataan Lingkungan Main Indoor yang Mendukung Kemampuan Problem Solving pada Anak
Authors: Zein Salma Azzah Azahra , Munawar Muniroh , Kusumaningtyas Nila
Published: October 2021

The low ability of problem solving in children requires stimulation efforts in early childhood education, one of which is through the management of the maximum play environment that educators can do in optimizing problem solving abilities in children.  The problem in this study is about the implementation of learning with a play environment that raises problem solving abilities in children aged 5-6 years.  This research was conducted at the Center of Excellence Paud Taman Belia Candi, Semarang City.  This type of research is qualitative research in descriptive form.  Researchers use a naturalist approach, namely the presence of researchers directly in the field.  This study discusses the analysis of indoor play environment that supports problem solving abilities in children aged 5-6 years.  The results showed that the problem-solving ability of children aged 5-6 years could be improved through structuring the play environment in such a way as that at the Center of Excellence PAUD Taman Belia Candi Semarang.  In order for children to achieve maximum development in the aspects of cognitive development in the scope of problem solving development, it is necessary to organize an environment that stimulates or invites children (inviting classroom), facilitates multi-sensory children and provides opportunities for activities for children.  Based on the results of this study, the suggestion that can be conveyed is that in each learning process, the teacher can add knowledge and skills in arranging the indoor learning environment through various sources so that the center room is arranged in an optimal state for the learning process.
Penerapan Metode Tilawati dalam Pembelajaran Membaca Al-Qur'an pada Anak Usia Dini di RA Darul Ulum Mani'an Majungan Pademawu Pamekasan
Authors: Aini Selfi Yatul
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the implementation of the Tilawati Method in learning to read al-Qur’an in early childhood and the advantages and disadvantages of inhibiting and supporting factors in the RA Darul Ulum Mani’an Majungan Pademawu Pamekasan.This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach in the form of written words.Source of data used to obtain data through observation, interview and documentation. Interview is a question and answer session with face to face interviewed about the problem under study.Observation is a data collection technique that is done by conducting careful research and systematic recording.  Documentation can be done by researchcers to obtain supporting data about the findings obtained in the field. Analysis of the data in this study researchers through several stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. While checking the data is done through an extension of participation, research perseverance and triangulation. In this study, researchers used source triangulation because there was not enough information to obtain one source.The results of this study indicate that:first, the application of the Tilawati method in RA Darul Ulum went well even though in fact there were still inhibiting factors but it did not become a major barrier to the application of the Tilawati method. Secondly, advantages the application of the tilawati method, namely balancing the learning approach classically and individually. The drawback is that for those who do not pass smoothly it will also take a long time because this method of passing is not determined by the month or year. Third, (a) supporting factor, easy method so that it does not make the child depressed. (b) inhibiting factors, lack of facilities so that using only one approach.
Reconstructing a Personal Story about Being a Teacher Educator and a Researcher
Authors: Castañeda-Trujillo Jairo Enrique
Published: October 2021

This article presents an autoethnographic exercise focused on exploring my history as a teacher educator and researcher in ELT. With this article, I try to show, starting from my life experiences as a teacher and the different concerns that arose during them, my transformation as a researcher. Likewise, I analyze how these transformations are also derived from working with the pre-service English language teachers belonging to a research seedbed focused on doing autoethnographic research. Similarly, I show how my research work has helped others to establish a context for their research. Finally, the reflections derived from my experiences and what I learned while co-investigating in the research seedbed led me to see that continuing to work on the transformation of ELT education in Colombia is necessary.
On the Professional Development of English Teachers in Colombia and the Historical Interplay with Language Education Policies
Authors: González-Moncada Adriana
Published: October 2021

The professional development of English teachers is a significant area in language teaching and learning, as well as in teacher education. On the one hand, at least in theory, professional development initiatives respond to the teachers’ changing needs. On the other hand, it reflects the beliefs that different educational authorities and stakeholders have about English uses and education. In this self-study, I consider the professional development of English teachers in Colombia and its tight connection to the language education policies of the country. Following a chronological approach, I present the findings as landmarks that have contributed to my reflections and research around professional development and language education policies.  Discussing the findings, I show how the discourses and decisions about teachers’ continuing learning represent certain views of language, second language acquisition, English language teaching and learning, and teachers as professionals. This self-study addresses some of the concepts that illuminate the discourses that have shaped English teachers’ professional development. Focusing primarily on the development of the National Program of Bilingualism, I underscore the power of these concepts over the major decisions made at the local and school levels. In the analysis of the past and present of teachers’ professional development in Colombia, I conclude on the necessity of maintaining critical scholarly work to contribute to the construction of local knowledge for future reflection.
Language and Literacy Practices in Teacher Education: Contributions from a Local Agenda
Authors: Clavijo-Olarte Amparo
Published: October 2021

Language and literacy practices in teacher education are decisive in the education of future language teachers. In this article, I share my beliefs as a teacher educator about language and literacy practices constructed with teachers in Bogota. Thus, my intention is to weave my professional narrative through the connections I can make from theory and praxis to explain teachers´ understandings of language and literacy through their life and literacy experiences and the way they organize their practice as language teachers. My research trajectory of thirty years documenting the local literacy practices within the research area of literacy studies and local pedagogies for social transformation has significantly informed my practice. University-school partnerships and international collaborations for research and teaching in Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Manchester, in the USA, and Dundee, in the UK, have nurtured me personally and professionally. My understanding of literacy as a social practice evolved to critical literacies and I developed knowledge in community pedagogies and city semiotic landscapes through reflections and collaborations via working with teachers. Community-based pedagogies (CBPs) invite teachers to see their life and work in relation to places they live and teach as meaningful content for linguistic, social, cultural, ecological, and economic resources to inspire students´ inquiries and teachers´ transformative practices. The city semiotic landscapes are powerful literacies for language learning; therefore, they currently adhere to the research group´s agenda (2019-2021). I describe my understandings, contributions, and suggestions as concerns in the field of teacher education in Colombia. My conclusions raise awareness about the need to address these topics in teacher education programs in Colombia.
Colombian ELT Community and Scholarship: Current Pathways and Potency
Authors: Lucero Edgar , Castañeda-Londoño Adriana
Published: October 2021

This editorial article reflects on the paradigmatic changes that the Colombian ELT community has recently experienced due to the developments of local scholarship in varied topics. This editorial article makes the changes evident by introducing the papers for this special issue of HOW journal on its 30th anniversary. These include topics as interculturality, literacy, English language pre-service teacher construction and professional development, critical views about bilingual education policy, and the interrelation between gender and ELT. The local scholarship development in these topics displays a rupture with the ELT canon. By so doing, the Colombian ELT scholarship shows a potency that wields foundations for the ELT field in the country.
Ludwig Berger (1933 – 2017) - Kleine Schriften 1957 – 2017 - Band I
Authors: Schwarz Peter-A. , Jaksic-Born Claudia M.
Published: October 2021

Prof. Dr. Ludwig Berger (22.1.1933–16.10.2017) war eine der prägenden Persönlichkeiten der Ur- und Frühgeschichtlichen und Provinzialrömischen Archäologie in der Schweiz. Als Forscher und akademischer Lehrer hat er die Entwicklung des Fachs, aber auch dessen Reputation in der internationalen scientific community und dessen Ansehen in der breiteren Öffentlichkeit während über 60 Jahren maßgeblich mitgestaltet. Im Nachgang eines zu seinen Ehren veranstalteten «memorials», das am 27. Januar 2018 im Auditorium der Römerstiftung Dr. René Clavel in Augusta Raurica (Augst / BL) abgehalten wurde, entstand die Idee, seine rund 80 Aufsätze, Rezensionen und anderen Schriften zu sammeln und in gebündelter Form vorzulegen. Etwas abweichend von der Norm, werden in den «Kleinen Schriften» aber nicht nur alle von «Louis» Berger (mit-)verfassten Aufsätze, Rezensionen und anderen Schriften vorgelegt, sondern auch ein exklusiver Scoop bzw. Primeur – nämlich ein (weiterer) Aufsatz zu den Messerfutteralbeschlägen.
Hasél II o La persecución penal de la inquina (a propósito de un texto de Jacobo Dopico)
Authors: Vázquez Alonso Víctor Javier
Published: October 2021

Este trabajo analiza brevemente las sombras del sistema de protección de la libertad de expresión en España al hilo del comentario a la sentencia del Tribunal Supremo nº 135/2020, de 7 de mayo, realizado por el profesor Jacobo Dopico en el anterior número de esta revista. Este caso resuelve el recurso interpuesto por el rapero Pablo Hásel. En el trabajo se analiza, en primer lugar, los factores que han llevado al viraje restrictivo en nuestra idea de la libertad de expresión para, en segundo lugar, ilustrar con el caso Hásel las consecuencias de esta deriva.
Lo indecible de la privacidad contemporánea. Comentario a Carissa Véliz, Privacy is power: why and how you should take back control of your data
Authors: Fernández Barbudo Carlos
Published: October 2021

Este artículo reseña:Carissa Véliz, Privacy is power: why and how you should take back control of your data, (2020) Bantam PressLondon, 268 pp.
Jorge Luis Rodríguez, Teoría analítica del Derecho
Authors: Fernández Núñez Miguel
Published: October 2021

Este artículo reseña: Jorge Luis Rodríguez, Teoría analítica del Derecho,(2021) Marcial Pons Madrid, 821 pp.
AA.VV., Hacia un modelo de justicia restaurativa empresarial
Authors: Carretero Sanjuan Maite
Published: October 2021

Este artículo reseña: AA.VV., Hacia un modelo de justicia restaurativa empresarial, (2021) Seminario webInstituto de Derecho Penal Europeo e Internacional (UCLM)
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the employment situation and financial well-being of families with children in Austria: Evidence from the first ten months of the crisis
Authors: Steiber Nadia , Siegert Christina , Vogtenhuber Stefan
Published: October 2021

Objective: This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the employment situation of parents and in turn on the subjective financial well-being of families with children in Austria.

Background: The pandemic had strong repercussions on the Austrian labour market. The short-time work (STW) programme covered a third of employees in the first half of 2020 and helped to maintain employment levels. We provide evidence on how an unprecedented labour market crisis of this sort and in particular the exceptionally wide use of STW had affected the employment situation of parents and the financial well-being of different types of families.

Method: The study draws on register data and representative panel survey data. The latter cover 905 families with minor children and include information on the employment situation of parents and the financial well-being of families before crisis onset, three months and ten months after its onset.

Results: Register data show that mothers were not more strongly affected by the labour market crisis of 2020 than childless women or fathers. According to survey data, about a third of couples with minor children experienced income losses. Despite the wide use of STW and government support to families, the share of families in financial difficulties has substantially increased, especially among those with many children and single parents, many of whom were at risk of poverty already before the crisis.

Conclusion: Substantial shares of dual-earner families that had low poverty risks before the crisis were in financial difficulties in 2020. Potential spill-over effects of financial shocks on children are discussed.
Changes in Haircut Shapes by Mixing Medium-Graduation Haircut and Same Layer Haircut According to the Division of Head and Slice Lines During Hair Cutting Ⅱ
Authors: Jang Seon-Mi , Jung Won-Ji
Published: October 2021

Purpose: To provide basic data for haircut style education by applying a combination of two basic hair cut styles, medium-graduation cut and the same layer cut based on the division of the scalp, and demonstrating change of shape and length of the cut depending on the location of the slice lines.Method: After the division of the hair into the front side point-golden point+2 (F-G+2), side point-golden back medium point+1 (S-GBMP+1), and ear point-back point (E-B), the same layer cut, and medium-graduation cut were applied to the upper and lower part, respectively. Finally, the hair cut was completed using the slice lines of A-line, parallel line, and V line.Result: After dividing the hair, the same layer cut was applied to the upper part and the medium-graduation cut to the lower part. Due to this, there were changes in the shape of the haircut and the length of the hair, depending on the location of division, and the shape lines were affected by slice lines of the medium-graduation cut.Conclusion: The combination of medium gradation cut and the same layer cut applied to the head area demonstrated that predictable and creative cut design is possible because the volume and layer level can be adjusted according to the area’s location.
A Study of the Effects of Swedish Massage in a Multisensory Environment on the Health of Women in their 40s and 50s
Authors: Oh Seongeun
Published: October 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the physical and psychological effects of foot massage for middle-aged women in the snoezelen space.Methods: Participants were randomly divided into four groups of 30 persons each: the snoezelen foot massage group (MSE+FM, treatment group), general foot massage group (FM, comparison group I), snoezelen group (MSE, comparison group II), and untreated (CG, control group). The foot massage program was operated at snoezelen space for 30 min once, once a week, and four times for four weeks.Results: Muscle tone was lowest in the treatment group, followed by the comparison group I and comparison II; whereas, the control group appeared to have the highest (F=52.686, p<0.001). Psychological stress was lowest in the treatment group, followed by the comparison group I and comparison II, while the control group appeared to have the highest (F=141.428, p<0.001). Psychological well-being was highest in the treatment group, followed by the comparison group II, comparison group I, and control group (F=428.022, p<0.001). The perceived health status was highest in the treatment group and comparison group I followed by comparison group II, and the control group (F=224.395, p<0.001).Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that Swedish foot massage alone are recognized as an excellent alternative therapy; however, it is thought that if the snoezelen space is mediated here, it will have a synergistic effect on physical and psychological improvement.
BAHASA PERSUASIF DALAM TRANSAKSI JUAL BELI ONLINE (PERSUASIVE LANGUAGE IN ONLINE TRADING TRANSACTIONS)
Authors: Maulyda Septia
Published: October 2021

Abstract Persuasive language in online trading transaction. The development of online shops via the internet has mushroomed in Indonesia, followed by the rapid advancement of buying and selling online which can be seen from the many online advertisements that appear for free on social media. The role of persuasion language in online advertisement impressions is very important to be used so that potential buyers are interested and more confident in buying the products offered.The method used in this study is the documentation of online ad writing. Research results (1) Motto or watchword taken from quotations adapted to the product offered, data or product facts offered to consumers and their uses, and product excellence includes product excellence and is presented should be in the form of persuasive sentences (2) Persuasion language used in transactions buying and selling online can be seen from the percentage of online advertising in the form of elements of persuasion language marked by the use of a motto or watchword, data or facts, the superiority of the advertised product, and the use of persuasive sentences in the online advertisement. (3) Persuasive techniques used in online transactions, namely rationalization, suggestion, conformity, compensation, replacement, and projections (4) The most dominant persuasive technique used in the persuasive language of online advertising is the suggestion technique.. Key words: persuasive language, persuasive techniques, trading transactions, online Abstrak Bahasa persuasif dalam transaksi jual beli online. Perkembangan toko online lewat internet sudah menjamur di Indonesia, diikuti dengan maju pesatnya jual beli online yang dapat dilihat dari banyaknya iklan online yang tayang gratis di media sosial. Peranan bahasa persuasi dalam tayangan iklan online sangat penting digunakan agar calon pembeli tertarik dan lebih yakin untuk membeli produk yang ditawarkan.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dokumentasi dari tulisan iklan online. Hasil penelitian (1) Moto atau semboyan diambil dari kutipan disesuaikan dengan produk yang ditawarkan, data atau fakta produk yang ditawarkan kepada konsumen beserta kegunaannya, dan keunggulan produk meliputi keunggulan produk serta disajikan sebaiknya dalam bentuk kalimat persuasif (2) Bahasa persuasi yang digunakan dalam transaki jual beli online dapat dilihat dari presentase pada iklan online berupa unsurunsur bahasa persuasi yang ditandai dengan penggunaan moto atau semboyan, data atau fakta, keunggulan produk yang diiklankan, dan penggunaan kalimat yang bersifat persuasif pada iklan online tersebut (3) Teknik persuasif yang digunakan dalam transaski online yaitu rasionalisasi, sugesti, konformitas, kompensasi, penggantian, dan proyeksi (4) Teknik persuasif yang paling dominan digunakan dalam bahasa persuasif iklan online adalah teknik sugesti.Kata-kata kunci: bahasa persuasi, teknik persuasi, transaksi jual beli, online
USING CHAIN MASSAGE GAME TO SUPPORT YOUNG LEARNERS’ VAK LEARNING STYLE
Authors: Perdani Yella Dezas
Published: October 2021

This research discusses the involving chain massage to accommodate young learners' learning style in which is conducted at grade 4 of one elementary school in Bandung. The aim of this research are (1) involving chain massage games in teaching English to the young learner, especially in grade 4 of an elementary school in Bandung, (2) finding out teacher’s and children’s responses toward the implementation of chain message in TEYL. This research uses a qualitative study where there are 40 students and one English teacher as the participants. The findings of this study show that chain messages can be considered as an effective activity of TEYL.The children seem to learn English more excitedly by game. With regard to the teacher, chain message game creates classroom activities more interesting and joyful because the children’s are involved in. Moreover, this game is also support different learning style of the children, visual, auditory and kinesthetic. However, the teachers found some obstacles in implementing the technique because they still children who easily get bored.
PROS AND CONS OF LEARNING STYLE: AN IMPLICATION FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS
Authors: Rinekso Aji Budi
Published: October 2021

Learning style becomes a familiar theory for many English language teachers. With the hypothesis of matching instructions and learning styles resulting on an effective learning, many of the English language teachers apply the learning style theory within their teaching practices. However, recent studies found that learning style is a myth since there were flaws appeared in the learning style instruments and hypothesis. This study presents in-depth discussions about the pros and cons of learning styles. Detailed descriptions about the implication for English language teachers entailed in the end of the discussions. This study concluded that English language teachers may focus on (1) assessing students’ background knowledge and interests, (2) identifying students’ lacks and necessities, (3) provide more engaged teaching media and learning materials, (4) boosting students’ autonomy rather than merely getting involved in the raging debates of learning style.
Perception Of Students In Using Youtube On Learning English
Authors: Islamiah Neneng
Published: October 2021

The aim of this research was to know perception of watching English movie on Youtube at the second semester the second semester of English department Islamic University of Kalimantan of the 2018/2019 academic year. The subject of this research is the students of class regular A. The instrument used in the data collection was a questionnaire that consist of two part, the first part to find out the students who ever watched English movie on Youtube and the second part to know students’ perception use of watching English movie on Youtube. The data were analyzed using statistical  and shown in tables of frequency.The finding showed that by watching English movie on Youtube English  movie has an influenced for those students in improving their English achievement, then  help them to learn new vocabulary and could be one of  the effective  media in learning English Achievement.  Keywords : learning english, English movie, Youtube
BEST PRACTICE: A VIDEO MEDIATED TEACHING OF PHONOLOGY
Authors: Musta'in Musta'in , Asyhar Wildan Isna
Published: October 2021

Abstract: A narrative inquiry as the approach of qualitative research is conducted in this research to know how the implementation of a video as a teaching media of Phonology and what the problems that the students face in using a video as the learning media of Phonology. This research involves 28 students of the second grade. The subject of research is the students of an English department in Education of UNISKA Kediri. The result is that there are four categorized problems that students face. Students felt that; (1) a native speaker in the video speaks too fast; (2) the pronunciation is unclear; (3) there are some new words or terms; (4) it is difficult to imitate the intonation and stressing of a word and sentence. However, the students can solve problems. Besides that, they get some advantages their ability in some aspects and are aware of the current issue; (1) the first is that the video is easy accessible; (2) the second one is that the video also is appropriate with the current issue so the students, beside learn about phonology, also aware of the current issue; (3) the other one is the students can learn and practice whenever with (out) the guidance of the lecturer; (4) the last advantage that we can offer is the students can listen the native speaker easily because they can play back the video when they cannot catch the word or meaning.