bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Volumetric Analysis of Aortic Changes after TEVAR Using Three-Dimensional Virtual Modeling
Authors: Rasciti Edoardo , Cercenelli Laura , Bortolani Barbara , Luzi Paolo , Ippoliti Maria Dea , Lovato Luigi , Marcelli Emanuela
Published: August 2024

TEVAR (thoracic endovascular aortic repair) is the preferred approach for treating descending thoracic aortic aneurysm (DTAA). After the procedure, patients require lifelong CTA (computed tomography angiography) follow-up to monitor the aorta’s remodeling process and the possible development of associated complications. With CTA, the aorta is usually measured with maximum diameters taken at specific locations, and even in experienced centers, this type of evaluation is prone to inter-observer variability. We introduce a new volumetric analysis of aortic changes after TEVAR using three-dimensional (3D) anatomical models. We applied the volumetric analysis to 24 patients who underwent TEVAR for DTAA. For each patient, the descending thoracic aorta was evaluated using both the maximum diameter from CTA and the volume from 3D reconstructions, at discharge and 12 months after TEVAR. Both volume and diameter evaluations were then related to the development of TEVAR complications. The group with TEVAR-related complications showed a 10% volume increase in the descending aorta, while the group with no TEVAR-related complications only had a 1% increase. An increase of 40 mL in the descending aorta volume at 12 months seemed to be predictive of complications, with 94% specificity and 75% sensitivity. Volumetric analysis is a promising method for monitoring DTAA remodeling after TEVAR, and it may help in the early identification of high-risk patients who may benefit from a stricter follow-up, even if further evaluations on a larger sample size are required to confirm these preliminary results.
Performance Analysis of a Communication Failure and Repair Mechanism with Classified Primary Users in CRNs
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Lu Qi , Yuan Shuangshuang , Ye Zhisheng
Published: August 2024

Due to the deficiency of radio spectrum resources caused by the progress in technology, cognitive radio networks (CRNs) have made significant progress. CRNs have two types of users, namely, primary users (PUs) and secondary users (SUs). Considering that PUs have a higher priority and diversified data transmission requirements, this study divides PUs into two levels, namely, PU1s with a higher priority and PU2s with a lower priority. On the other hand, the occurrence of failures is inevitable in CRNs, which affects the data transmission of users. In this paper, combined with an adjustable PU packets transmission rate mechanism, a communication failure and repair mechanism with classified PUs based on the single-channel CRNs is proposed, and different preemption principles are set according to different system states. A queueing model is established and analyzed with a Markov chain, the performance index expressions that need targeted research are listed, numerical experiments are conducted, and the system performance change trends are obtained. The comparison experiment shows that the proposed communication failure and repair mechanism with classified PUs can improve the throughput of PU1 packets and reduce the blocking rate of PU1 packets compared with the conventional communication failure and repair mechanisms with unclassified PUs.
Evaluation of Selected Artificial Aging Protocols for Dental Composites Including Fatigue and Fracture Tests
Authors: Szczesio-Wlodarczyk Agata , Fronczek Magdalena , Ranoszek-Soliwoda Katarzyna , Sokolowski Jerzy , Bociong Kinga
Published: August 2024

The durability and performance of dental composites are essential for ensuring long-lasting dental restorations. However, there is a lack of a standardized procedure for evaluating the lifespan of dental materials. Our proposal assumed that dental materials should be tested under aggressive aging conditions to accelerate materials’ degradation in vitro and such an approach should simulate prolonged material usage in the oral cavity. A comprehensive examination of the impacts of three aging methodologies on various mechanical properties, including the flexural strength (FS), diametral tensile strength (DTS), hardness (HV), fracture toughness (FT), flexural fatigue limit (FFL), and microstructure of selected dental materials (Resin F, Flow-Art and Arkon), was conducted. The findings revealed that preformed aging results in an average reduction of 30% in the mechanical strength properties of the dental composites when compared to the control. Notably, a strong correlation was identified between FS and FFL post-aging whereas no such relationship was observed between these parameters and FT. This paper highlights the significance of aging tests for new dental composites and recommends a focus on flexural strength and fracture toughness to optimize costs and time efficiency. Furthermore, the establishment of a standardized test for fracture toughness in dental composites is recommended. It is proposed that a minimum flexural strength of more than 32–48 MPa after aging should be maintained. A more extensive analysis of commercially available materials is suggested to refine the proper evaluation methods for composite materials.
Comprehensive Evaluation of 65 Leafy Mustard Cultivars for Chilling Tolerance to Low Temperature Stress at the Seedling Stage
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhang Shuangzhao , Huang Yuyan , Ma Huifei , Liao Shuilan , Xue Zhuzheng , Chen Yongkuai
Published: August 2024

Mustard is an important cash crop of the genus Brassica in the family Cruciferae. Low temperature is an important environmental factor limiting the growth of mustard. In this study, 65 leafy mustard cultivars were used as experimental materials, 25 °C was set as the control temperature, and 5 °C was set as chilling stress temperature to investigated the physiological response of chlorophyll (Chl) content, soluble sugar (SS) content, proline (Pro) content, antioxidant enzyme activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and chlorophyll fluorescence to chilling injury. The chilling tolerance coefficients of each individual index were measured and correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), the membership function method, and cluster analysis were applied to evaluate chilling tolerance. In a comprehensive analysis, the most chilling-tolerant cultivar was SJTKJ, the least chilling-tolerant cultivar was DX. Stepwise regression was used to establish a mathematical model for evaluating the chilling tolerance of mustard, and four chilling tolerance identification indices, including Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, POD activity, and Rfd were screened. This study provides a reference for the evaluation of the chilling tolerance of mustard and the breeding of new chilling-tolerant cultivars.
Calculation of Low-Lying Electronic Excitations of Magnesium Monofluoride: How Well Do Coupled-Cluster Methods Work?
Authors: Horbatsch Marko
Published: August 2024

Magnesium monofluoride is a polar molecule amenable to laser cooling which has caused renewed interest in its spectroscopy. In this work, we consider the case of three low-lying electronic excitations, namely X2Σ+→A2Π, X2Σ+→B2Σ+, X2Σ+→C2Σ+, using well-developed quantum chemistry approaches, i.e., without reference to the spin-orbit splitting of the A2Π states. Accurate experimental data for these transitions have been available for over 50 years. Here, we explore the linear response method at the level of CC2 theory, as well as equation of motion methods at the level of CCSD and CC3, using two families of basis sets. Excellent agreement is obtained for the first three transitions when using the correlation-consistent basis sets and extrapolation to the complete basis limit within EOM-CC3 (at a relative precision of 10−4), and qualitative agreement for the other two methods. The purpose of this paper is to serve as a guide on how to approach the accurate calculation of excitations in polar diatomic molecules.
Boundedness and Compactness of Weighted Composition Operators from (α, k)-Bloch Spaces to A(β,k) Spaces on Generalized Hua Domains of the Fourth Kind
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Su Jianbing
Published: August 2024

This paper addresses the weighted composition operators Cϕψ from the (α,k)-Bloch spaces to the A(β,k) spaces of bounded holomorphic functions on W, where W is a generalized Hua domain of the fourth kind. Additionally, we obtain some necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness and compactness of these operators.
Transcriptome Profiling and Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis Reveal Hub Genes and Pathways Involved in the Response to Polyethylene-Glycol-Induced Drought Stress of Two Citrus Rootstocks
Authors: Scialò Emanuele , Sicilia Angelo , Continella Alberto , Gentile Alessandra , Lo Piero Angela Roberta
Published: August 2024

Agriculture faces the dual challenge of increasing food production and safeguarding the environment. Climate change exacerbates this challenge, reducing crop yield and biomass due to drought stress, especially in semi-arid regions where Citrus plants are cultivated. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying drought tolerance in Citrus is crucial for developing adaptive strategies. Plants of two citrus rootstocks, Carrizo Citrange and Bitters (C22), were grown in aerated half-strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution. Post-acclimation, the plants were exposed to a solution containing 0% (control) or 15% PEG-8000 for 10 days. Leaf malonyl dialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content were measured to assess the reached oxidative stress level. Total RNA was extracted, sequenced, and de novo-assembled. Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to examine the relationship between gene expression patterns and the levels of MDA and H2O2 used as oxidative stress indicators. Plant visual inspection and MDA and H2O2 contents clearly indicate that Bitters is more tolerant than Carrizo towards PEG-induced drought stress. RNA-Seq analysis revealed a significantly higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Carrizo (6092) than in Bitters (320), with most being associated with drought sensing, ROS scavenging, osmolyte biosynthesis, and cell wall metabolism. Moreover, the WGCNA identified transcription factors significantly correlated with MDA and H2O2 levels, thus providing insights into drought-coping strategies and offering candidate genes for enhancing citrus drought tolerance.
Schisandrin A Attenuates Diabetic Nephropathy via EGFR/AKT/GSK3β Signaling Pathway Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation
Authors: Wang Pengyu , Lan Qing , Huang Qi , Zhang Ruyi , Zhang Shuo , Yang Leiming , Song Yan , Wang Tong , Ma Guandi , Liu Xiufen , Guo Xiying , Zhang Youzhi , Liu Chao
Published: August 2024

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the common complications of diabetes and the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in clinical practice. Schisandrin A (Sch A) has multiple pharmacological activities, including inhibiting fibrosis, reducing apoptosis and oxidative stress, and regulating immunity, but its pharmacological mechanism for the treatment of DN is still unclear. In vivo, streptozotocin (STZ) and a high-fat diet were used to induce type 2 diabetic rats, and Sch A was administered for 4 weeks. At the same time, protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were established to analyze the overlapping genes of DN and Sch A. Subsequently, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were performed to determine the hub pathway. In addition, molecular docking was used to preliminarily verify the affinity of hub proteins and Sch A. Further, H&E staining, Sirius red staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blot analysis were used to detect the location and expression of related proteins in DN. This study revealed the multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics of Sch A in the treatment of DN. First, Sch A could effectively improve glucose tolerance, reduce urine microprotein and urine creatinine levels, and alleviate renal pathological damage in DN rats. Second, EGFR was the hub gene screened in overlapping genes (43) of Sch A (100) and DN (2524). Finally, it was revealed that Sch A could inhibit the protein expression levels of EGFR and PTRF and reduced the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, and this effect was related to the modulation of the AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway. In summary, Sch A has a protective effect in DN rats, EGFR may be a potential therapeutic target, throughout modulating AKT/GSK-3β pathway.
Gut Microbiota, Deranged Immunity, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Scarpellini Emidio , Scarlata Giuseppe Guido Maria , Santori Valeria , Scarcella Marialaura , Kobyliak Nazarii , Abenavoli Ludovico
Published: August 2024

Background: Liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a significant gastrointestinal disease with a mortality rate as high as nearly 80% within five years. The disease’s pathophysiology involves deranged immune responses and bile acid metabolism, with the gut microbiota (GM) playing a crucial role. Recent research highlights the potential of GM in influencing HCC treatment outcomes, especially regarding immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, few patients currently benefit from ICIs due to a lack of effective response biomarkers. Aims and methods: This review aimed to explore the literature on HCC treatment issues, focusing on immune response, bile acid metabolism, and GM dysbiosis. This review included studies from PubMed, Medline, and major gastroenterology and hepatology meetings, using keywords like gut microbiota, immune system, liver cancer, and checkpoint inhibitors. Results: GM dysbiosis significantly impacts immune response and bile acid metabolism, making it a promising biomarker for ICI response. Modulating GM can enhance ICI treatment efficacy, although more research is needed to confirm its direct therapeutic benefits for HCC. Conclusions: GM dysbiosis is integral to liver cancer pathogenesis and treatment response. Its modulation offers promising therapeutic avenues for improving HCC prognosis and response to immunotherapy.
Unveiling a Dermatological Rarity: The Enigma of Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade III (HSIL) and the Role of p53 in Its Development
Authors: Brzeziński Piotr , Feszak Igor , Ortiz Beatriz Di Martino , Feszak Sylwia , Kawczak Piotr , Bączek Tomasz
Published: August 2024

Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, also known as VIN, is a non-invasive squamous lesion and precursor of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the vulva. There is no screening test for vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. Diagnosis of VIN is made clinically and confirmed with a biopsy. We describe a 66-year-old woman with a condyloma-like tumour located in the skin on the vestibule of the vagina. A biopsy sample was taken from the nodule. The definitive diagnosis is supported by the histological examination (VIN III) and immunohistochemical examination of p16(+), p53(+), and a few cell nuclei. The case provides information on the importance of multidisciplinary cooperation. Lifelong surveillance is essential since the resection of individual lesions does not guarantee the prevention of invasive cancer.
Hyperglycemia Stimulates the Irreversible Catabolism of Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Generation of Ketone Bodies by Cultured Human Astrocytes
Authors: Gondáš Eduard , Baranovičová Eva , Šofranko Jakub , Murín Radovan
Published: August 2024

Astrocytes are considered to possess a noticeable role in brain metabolism and, as a partners in neuron–glia cooperation, to contribute to the synthesis, bioconversion, and regulation of the flux of substrates for neuronal metabolism. With the aim of investigating to what extent human astrocytes are metabolizing amino acids and by which compounds are they enriching their surroundings, we employed a metabolomics analysis of their culture media by 1H-NMR. In addition, we compared the composition of media with either 5 mM or 25 mM glucose. The quantitative analysis of culture media by 1H-NMR revealed that astrocytes readily dispose from their milieu glutamine, branched-chain amino acids, and pyruvate with significantly high rates, while they enrich the culture media with lactate, branched-chain keto acids, citrate, acetate, ketone bodies, and alanine. Hyperglycemia suppressed the capacity of astrocytes to release branched-chain 2-oxo acids, while stimulating the generation of ketone bodies. Our results highlight the active involvement of astrocytes in the metabolism of several amino acids and the regulation of key metabolic intermediates. The observed metabolic activities of astrocytes provide valuable insights into their roles in supporting neuronal function, brain metabolism, and intercellular metabolic interactions within the brain. Understanding the complex metabolic interactions between astrocytes and neurons is essential for elucidating brain homeostasis and the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. The observed metabolic activities of astrocytes provide hints about their putative metabolic roles in brain metabolism.
Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Four-Section Composite Columns of Pinus sylvestris var. Mongolia of Ancient Wooden Architecture under Axial Compression Load
Authors: Peng Sheng , Qiao Yifan , Song Yang
Published: August 2024

In order to study the influence of the cross-sectional area of hidden dovetail mortise (cross-sectional area of the projecting part after dovetail installation is completed) and length of tenon joint dimensions (axial length with dovetail installation completed) on the axial compressive behavior of four-section composite columns, the length of tenon joint dimensions was set to 30 mm, 60 mm, and 90 mm, and the cross-sectional area of hidden dovetail mortise was set to 360 mm2, 562 mm2 and 810 mm2 as experimental variables. Some column models were designed and fabricated accordingly. Axial compression tests were conducted to observe failure modes, load–displacement curves, stress–strain curves, load–strain curves, ultimate bearing capacity, and stiffness of the timber column. The results of the study show that the influence of dark drum mortise and tenon cross-section size and tenon length on the axial compressive mechanical properties of four-section jointed wood columns should not be ignored; the load-carrying capacity of the wood columns decreases with the increase in tenon cross-section size and decreases with the decrease in tenon length; the stability decreases with the increase in tenon cross-section size; and the deformability of specimens of the tenon length group as a whole is obviously superior to the tenon cross-section area group. The increase in ultimate load-carrying capacity of the columns was 7–11.9% when the concealed cross-sectional area of the hidden dovetail mortise was reduced in the range of 30.5–55.5%. When the length of the tenon joint dimensions was reduced from 90 mm to 60 mm, its ultimate bearing capacity decreased by 9%; when it was reduced from 60 mm to 30 mm, its ultimate bearing capacity was almost unchanged, which indicated that after the length of tenon joint dimensions was lower than 60 mm, the influence on the ultimate bearing capacity of the column was more negligible. It is recommended that the length of tenon joint dimensions of 60 mm should be taken as the design standard value of the ultimate bearing capacity for the four-sectioned composite columns of the Pinus sylvestris var. Mongolia (PSVM).
Optimizing Warehouse Building Design for Simultaneous Revenue Generation and Carbon Reduction in Taiwan: A Fuzzy Nonlinear Multi-Objective Approach
Authors: Chiang Kang-Lin
Published: August 2024

Taiwan’s encouragement of installing solar photovoltaic power plants (SPPPs) on warehouse rooftops is a step towards sustainability and profitable investment. This study, analyzing the installations of STY Company, found that rooftop SPPPs significantly boost revenue, with rates increasing from 2.0088% to 6.8681% over 20 years. The break-even point is in the 7th year, with a return rate ranging from 2.0088 to 2.1748%. This shows that SPPP investments are a benefit for investors, shortening construction times and allowing warehouses to sell solar energy at an earlier date. This research utilized a fuzzy nonlinear multi-objective programming model to examine trade-offs between construction time, cost, quality, and revenue (TCQR) to optimize SPPP construction. The findings suggest that reducing construction time is an effective strategy to lower carbon emissions despite potential cost increases. However, time and quality costs are inversely proportional, highlighting the importance of efficient project management in minimizing the impacts of this trade-off. Adjusting funding can maintain quality while speeding up construction. Completing projects early also heightens revenue from green energy sales, offsetting higher initial investments. The TCQR focuses on investment revenue, managing time efficiently, and making data-driven decisions to expedite SPPP development. This model improves project profitability and promotes sustainable growth by reducing construction time and optimizing financial strategies. This study’s contribution includes: 1. Optimizing the installation process of warehouse rooftop SPPPs, which provide significant long-term revenue and environmental benefits. 2. Combining the different research methods of scholars into fuzzy methods that can solve complex systems with high uncertainty. The nonlinear model put forth by this study is closer to the actual situation and can handle balancing complex problems in multi-objective programming. 3. Improving the efficiency of time management to make it feasible to reduce construction time to lower carbon emissions. 4. Concocting a comprehensive approach integrating financial, environmental, and operational factors for successful SPPP development. This study addresses an academic gap. Previously, scholars conducted research independently, focusing solely on financial investment or time, cost, and quality (TCQ) issues without considering the two together. By combining financial investment with TCQ, this study fills a significant gap in academic research. According to this study, better investment returns could improve the promotion of solar energy. Unlike previous research, this study integrates the analysis of TCQ with that of revenue by assessing costs and revenues together. This approach allows decision-makers to derive judgments from the TCQR model quickly.
Glass-Aluminium Partition Walls with High-Damping Rubber Devices: Seismic Design and Numerical Analyses
Authors: Scozzese Fabrizio , Zona Alessandro , Dall’Asta Andrea
Published: August 2024

An innovative solution for aluminium-glass partition walls that can withstand seismic actions without damage is presented. The key feature characterising the proposed innovation is a dissipative coupling between the components of the partition wall, i.e., the glass plates and the surrounding aluminium frame, accomplished through the interposition of high-damping rubber pads (HDRPs). Sliding mechanisms between glass panels and the aluminium frame are permitted through specific detailing solutions, which allow the partition wall to be unsensitive to the inter-storey drift imposed by the hosting structure. A detailed discussion of the system conception is illustrated, showing the main intermediate steps that led to the final solution. The implementation of a refined numerical model is illustrated, and its characteristic parameters are calibrated according to a set of experimental tests previously performed on materials and subcomponents. A numerical application to a case study consisting of a partition wall system installed within a three-storey building is provided to assess the performance of the proposed innovative solution under severe earthquakes.
Piezoelectric Gauge of Small Dynamic Bending Strains
Authors: Rogacheva Nelly , Sidorov Vladimir , Zheglova Yulia
Published: August 2024

This paper is devoted to a new gauge of small dynamic bending deformations of structures. Unlike previously existing strain gauges that measure elongation or compression at a certain point on the surface of a deformable body, the proposed gauge measures the change in curvature at a point on the surface of a deformable body and does not respond to elongation–compression strains. The gauge is a layered bar made of piezoelectric and elastic materials. It functions using the direct piezoelectric effect. In order to competently study the deformed state of a structure at points on a surface, it is necessary to determine all components of the strain tensor. The gauges currently used measure only elongational or compressive strains, which does not provide a complete picture of the strain state. It is very important to complement these deformations with bending strains measured by the new gauge.
Experimental Study on Seismic Performance of Precast High-Titanium Heavy Slag Concrete Sandwich Panel Wall
Authors: Sun Jinkun , Li Rita Yi Man , Su Dagang , Gong Housong , Zhang Xiantao
Published: August 2024

Precast concrete (PC) shear wall members are essential components of the precast concrete shear wall structural system. Therefore, it is crucial to research their materials, and seismic performance is an important and vital indicator to promote the development of prefabricated buildings. This study introduced a new type of precast concrete sandwich shear wall, the precast high-titanium heavy slag concrete sandwich panel wall (PHCSPW), by replacing ordinary concrete coarse and fine aggregates with high-titanium heavy slag and adding insulation boards. This study constructed a cast-in-place high-titanium heavy slag concrete wall (CHCW) for comparative pseudo-static tests to validate its seismic performance. Finite element simulation analysis was conducted to compare and validate the reliability of the test. Considering the limitations of the test conditions, it also researched the seismic performance of PHCSPW by simulating different parameters such as reinforcement ratio, concrete strength, and axial compression ratio. It concludes the following: (1) The failure mode, stress-strain distribution, and ultimate bearing capacity values of PHCSPW and CHCW were consistent with theoretical and experimental analysis results. (2) PHCSPW exhibited high stiffness before cracking but experienced a rapid stiffness degradation rate after cracking. (3) The development trend of the PHCSPW and CHCW hysteresis curve is the same as the skeleton curve. There is little difference between the bearing capacity and deformation capacity after cracking. Comparing the hysteresis loops of CHCW and PHCSPW, it is found that PHCSPW has a larger hysteresis loop area, which indicates that PHCSPW has better energy dissipation capacity. The value of the yield load of the specimen compared with the peak load is between 0.636 and 0.888; that is, the difference inthe early-stage stiffness of the specimen is small. The yield load of PHCSPW is slightly larger than that of CHCW. The maximum carrying capacity of CHCW is about 68.31% of that of PHCSPW. (4) The simulation of different parameters revealed that the energy dissipation capacity of the members increased within a specific range with an increasing reinforcement ratio. PHCSPW demonstrated superior energy dissipation capacity. The influence of concrete strength on the energy dissipation capacity of the members was relatively small. The energy dissipation capacity of the members decreased with increasing axial compression ratio.
Investigation of Opening and Closing Water Boundary Conditions on Frost Damage Development in Concrete
Authors: Wang Wei , Huang Zhe , Zhi Dian , Xia Peng , Gong Fuyuan , Lin Peng
Published: August 2024

Freeze–thaw damage significantly contributes to the degradation of concrete structures. A critical precondition for concrete to experience frost damage is reaching its critical saturation level. This study conducted freeze–thaw experiments on concrete specimens under both open and sealed moisture conditions to elucidate the mechanisms of freeze–thaw damage and the pivotal role of moisture. The research assessed concrete’s water absorption, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and compressive strength under restricted water conditions to study damage accumulation patterns. The findings indicate that implementing water limitation measures during freeze–thaw cycles can regulate concrete’s water absorption rate, reduce the loss of ultrasonic pulse velocity, and minimize strength degradation, with an observed strength increase of up to 36.22%. Consequently, these measures protect concrete materials from severe frost damage. Furthermore, a predictive model for concrete freeze–thaw deterioration was established based on regression analysis and relative dynamic modulus theory, confirming the critical role of water limitation in extending the service life of concrete structures in cold regions.
The Impact of Biliary Injury on the Recurrence of Biliary Cancer and Benign Disease after Liver Transplantation: Risk Factors and Mechanisms
Authors: Wehrle Chase J. , Panconesi Rebecca , Satish Sangeeta , Maspero Marianna , Jiao Chunbao , Sun Keyue , Karakaya Omer , Allkushi Erlind , Modaresi Esfeh Jamak , Whitsett Linganna Maureen , Ma Wen Wee , Fujiki Masato , Hashimoto Koji , Miller Charles , Kwon David C. H. , Aucejo Federico , Schlegel Andrea
Published: August 2024

Liver transplantation is known to generate significant inflammation in the entire organ based on the metabolic profile and the tissue’s ability to recover from the ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). This cascade contributes to post-transplant complications, affecting both the synthetic liver function (immediate) and the scar development in the biliary tree. The new occurrence of biliary strictures, and the recurrence of malignant and benign liver diseases, such as cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), are direct consequences linked to this inflammation. The accumulation of toxic metabolites, such as succinate, causes undirected electron flows, triggering the releases of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from a severely dysfunctional mitochondrial complex 1. This initiates the inflammatory IRI cascade, with subsequent ischemic biliary stricturing, and the upregulation of pro-tumorigenic signaling. Such inflammation is both local and systemic, promoting an immunocompromised status that can lead to the recurrence of underlying liver disease, both malignant and benign in nature. The traditional treatment for CCA was resection, when possible, followed by cytotoxic chemotherapy. Liver transplant oncology is increasingly recognized as a potentially curative approach for patients with intrahepatic (iCCA) and perihilar (pCCA) cholangiocarcinoma. The link between IRI and disease recurrence is increasingly recognized in transplant oncology for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, smaller numbers have prevented similar analyses for CCA. The mechanistic link may be even more critical in this disease, as IRI causes the most profound damage to the intrahepatic bile ducts. This article reviews the underlying mechanisms associated with biliary inflammation and biliary pathology after liver transplantation. One main focus is on the link between transplant-related IRI-associated inflammation and the recurrence of cholangiocarcinoma and benign liver diseases of the biliary tree. Risk factors and protective strategies are highlighted.
Investigation of Calcium Phosphate Catalysts in Sodium Borohydride Methanolysis for Improved Hydrogen Production
Authors: Alsowayigh Marwah M. , Alsehli Amal H. , Alqahtani Fahad , Abdulaziz Fahad , Tounsi Moncef , Alshaaer Mazen , Alanazi Abdulaziz
Published: August 2024

In this study, calcium-rich resource minerals such as brushite, tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and hydroxyapatite were tested as catalysts for the methanolysis of alkaline solutions of NaBH4 to generate hydrogen H2. The synthesis of calcium phosphate compounds was characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hydrogen generation rate with the TCP catalyst (15,214 mL min−1 g−1) was higher than with the hydroxyapatite catalyst (12,437 mL min−1 g−1) and brushite catalyst (6210 mL min−1 g−1) for the methanolysis of 250 mg NaBH4 at 298 K using 25 mg of catalyst. The impact of TCP weight on hydrogen generation was studied. The methanolysis reaction led to a higher hydrogen volume generation over time with an increase in the weight of the TCP catalyst at a temperature of 308 K. The calculated activation energy for NaBH4 hydrolysis with the TCP catalyst was 23.944 kJ mol−1, suggesting the high catalytic activity of TCP. The values of enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) were calculated, and the results showed that ΔH was 21.28 kJ mol−1 and ΔS was −93.096 J·mol−1. ΔH was positive, meaning that the reaction was endothermic, and the negative ΔS meant a decrease in the disorder of the methanolysis reaction. The stability of the catalysis was tested in successive methanolysis tests. The catalyst’s efficiency decreased to 89% after four cycles.
Prediction of Oxygen Evolution Activity for FeCoMn Oxide Catalysts via Machine Learning
Authors: Zhang Lei , Hou Jinfei , Ji Honglin , Meng Dan , Qi Jian , San Xiaoguang
Published: August 2024

Electrolytic hydrogen production from water is a promising approach for obtaining clean energy. The development of efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is crucial for the generation of hydrogen through water electrolysis. Transition metal oxides, such as Fe, Co, and Mn, have shown potential as efficient OER electrocatalysts for water splitting. However, accurately predicting their electrocatalytic performance in complex compositional spaces remains a challenge, impeding the precise design of compositions and processes for optimal performance. Herein, a machine learning-based method is proposed for predicting the OER activity of (FeCoMn)Ox catalysts across a wide range of compositions. Physical features that are highly relevant to the OER overpotential (OP) are identified and analyzed. The random forest algorithm is successfully used to establish the relationship between composition and overpotential. The model demonstrates good accuracy in predicting the outcomes of new experiments, with a mean relative error (MRE) of 9.3%. The features based on covalent radius (RC) and the number of electrons in the outermost d orbitals (DEs) are the primary factors. Their variances (δRC and δDE) exhibit a linearly decreasing relationship with the overpotential (OP), providing direct guidance for designing OP-oriented components. This work presents an effective and innovative approach for predicting and analyzing the physical factors of transition metal oxide electrocatalysts, which can enhance the design of highly catalytic materials for electrocatalysis.
SATB1 and p16 Expression and Prognostic Value in Croatian Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients: A Unicentric Study
Authors: Vicelić Čutura Lučana , Vujčić Milan , Galušić Davor , Blaslov Viktor , Petrić Marija , Miljak Antonija , Lozić Mirela , Benzon Benjamin , Vukojević Katarina , Bubić Toni , Kunac Nenad , Zjačić Puljiz Danijela , Delić Jukić Ivana Kristina , Križanac Marinela , Lozić Bernarda
Published: August 2024

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a rare lymphoid neoplasm in which Hodgkin/Reed–Stenberg (HRS) cells are admixed with a population of non-neoplastic inflammatory cells and fibrosis. Dysregulated expressions of cell cycle regulators and transcription factors have been proven as one of the hallmarks of HL. In that context, SATB1 and p16 have been reported as potential regulators of HL progression and survival. However, to date, no studies have assessed the expression levels of SATB1 and p16 in HL in Croatian patients or their prognostic values. Therefore, we investigated the expression pattern of SATB1 and p16 in paraffin-embedded lymph node biopsies using standard immunohistochemistry. We found that 21% of the patients stained positive for SATB1, while 15% of the patients displayed positive staining for p16. Furthermore, we aimed to understand the prognostic value of each protein through the analysis of the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). SATB1 showed a significantly positive correlation with better OS and PFS, while p16 expression had no impact. Interestingly, when patients were stratified by a combination of the two studied markers, we found that patients in the SATB1+/p16- group tended to have the best prognosis in HL, according to statistical significance. In conclusion, SATB1 and p16 might be potentially useful as diagnostic and prognostic markers for HL.
Transplantation of Predegenerated Peripheral Nerves after Complete Spinal Cord Transection in Rats: Effect of Neural Precursor Cells and Pharmacological Treatment with the Sulfoglycolipid Tol-51
Authors: Arriero-Cabañero Alejandro , García-Vences Elisa , Sánchez-Torres Stephanie , Aristizabal-Hernandez Sergio , García-Rama Concepción , Pérez-Rizo Enrique , Fernández-Mayoralas Alfonso , Grijalva Israel , Buzoianu-Anguiano Vinnitsa , Doncel-Pérez Ernesto , Mey Jörg
Published: August 2024

Following spinal cord injury (SCI), the regenerative capacity of the central nervous system (CNS) is severely limited by the failure of axonal regeneration. The regeneration of CNS axons has been shown to occur by grafting predegenerated peripheral nerves (PPNs) and to be promoted by the transplantation of neural precursor cells (NPCs). The introduction of a combinatorial treatment of PPNs and NPCs after SCI has to address the additional problem of glial scar formation, which prevents regenerating axons from leaving the implant and making functional connections. Previously, we discovered that the synthetic sulfoglycolipid Tol-51 inhibits astrogliosis. The objective was to evaluate axonal regeneration and locomotor function improvement after SCI in rats treated with a combination of PPN, NPC, and Tol-51. One month after SCI, the scar tissue was removed and replaced with segments of PPN or PPN+Tol-51; PPN+NPC+Tol-51. The transplantation of a PPN segment favors regenerative axonal growth; in combination with Tol-51 and NPC, 30% of the labeled descending corticospinal axons were able to grow through the PPN and penetrate the caudal spinal cord. The animals treated with PPN showed significantly better motor function. Our data demonstrate that PPN implants plus NPC and Tol-51 allow successful axonal regeneration in the CNS.
Rational Design and Optimization of Plasmonic Nanohole Arrays for Sensing Applications
Authors: Lospinoso Daniela , Colombelli Adriano , Rella Roberto , Manera Maria Grazia
Published: August 2024

The design and optimization of plasmonic nanohole arrays (NHAs) as transducers for efficient bioanalytical sensing is a rapidly growing field of research. In this work, we present a rational method for tailoring the optical and functional properties of Au NHAs realized on planar transparent substrates. Experimental and numerical results demonstrate how the far- and near-field properties of the NHAs can be controlled and optimized for specific sensing applications, proving a valuable insight into the distribution of electric fields generated on the nanostructured metal surface and the depth of penetration into the surrounding media. Metal thickness is found to play a crucial role in determining the sensing volume, while the diameter of the nanoholes affects the localization of the electromagnetic field and the extent of the decay field. The remarkable surface and bulk refractive index sensitivities observed a rival performance of more complex geometric designs reported in the recent literature, showcasing their outstanding potential for chemo-biosensing applications.
Impact of Density Variations and Growth Direction in 3D-Printed Titanium Alloys on Surface Topography and Bonding Performance with Dental Resins
Authors: Alageel Omar , Alfrisany Najm , Aldosari Abdullah , Qashish Saud , Alsarani Majed M. , AlFaify Abdullah Yahia
Published: August 2024

Titanium-based dental prostheses are essential for prosthodontics and can now be 3D printed using powder bed fusion (PBF) technology with different densities by controlling the process parameters. This study aimed to assess the surface topography and bonding strength of dental resins made of 3D-printed titanium alloys with varying densities and growth directions. Three groups of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) specimens differentiated by density (low, medium, and high) were produced using laser-melting 3D printing technology (N = 8). Each group included specimen surfaces with vertical and horizontal growths. Vickers microhardness, surface profilometry, wettability, and shear bond strength (SBS) of the titanium samples were measured for all groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed. Statistical analyses were conducted using a two-way ANOVA and Fisher’s multiple test. Higher-density specimens exhibited greater microhardness (p < 0.05), and those with horizontal growth directions were harder (p < 0.05) than their vertical counterparts within the same density category. Additionally, low-density specimens in both growth directions had the highest surface roughness values (p < 0.05) compared to the other groups. The wettability values were similar (p > 0.05) among the groups in the vertical direction, but not in the horizontal direction (p < 0.05). However, the density type did not significantly (p > 0.05) influence the bonding strength of 3D-printed titanium. This study revealed significant variations in surface roughness, contact angle, and microhardness based on density and growth direction.
Terahertz Dielectric Metasurface for Reconfigurable Multifunctional Holographic Dual-Mode Imaging Controlled by Graphene
Authors: Huang Hui-Fen , Wang Jian-Yuan
Published: August 2024

Metasurfaces are considered the most promising technologies for holographic imaging applications due to their exceptional optical properties and capabilities. However, the work on terahertz (THz) metasurface holographic imaging is relatively limited. Here, we propose a THz dielectric geometric-propagation phase metasurface that can operate in dual modes (reflection and transmission) and enable reconfigurable multifunctional holographic imaging. The dual-mode operation is realized by controlling the Fermi energy level (Ef) of the graphene integrated into the metasurface unit, and the reconfigurable three-channel holographic imaging in reflection or transmission mode are achieved by switching the feed polarization among left-handed circular polarization (LCP), right-handed circular polarization (RCP), and linear polarization (LP). The metasurface is designed based on the transmission mode, and a physical model for switching to the reflection mode is established. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a reflection–transmission dynamic modulation THz holographic imaging metasurface has been developed. The holographic metasurface operates in transmission mode at Ef = 0.1 eV and in reflection mode at Ef = 0.9 eV. Compared with recently published holographic imaging metasurfaces, the proposed metasurface offers the following advantages: high holographic efficiencies (42.5% to 49%), more holographic imaging channels, dynamic modulation dual-mode operations, and reconfigurability. The simulation results match the theory.
Multi-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Confrontation in Intelligent Air Combat: A Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach
Authors: Yang Jianfeng , Yang Xinwei , Yu Tianqi
Published: August 2024

Multiple unmanned aerial vehicle (multi-UAV) confrontation is becoming an increasingly important combat mode in intelligent air combat. The confrontation highly relies on the intelligent collaboration and real-time decision-making of the UAVs. Thus, a decomposed and prioritized experience replay (PER)-based multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient (DP-MADDPG) algorithm has been proposed in this paper for the moving and attacking decisions of UAVs. Specifically, the confrontation is formulated as a partially observable Markov game. To solve the problem, the DP-MADDPG algorithm is proposed by integrating the decomposed and PER mechanisms into the traditional MADDPG. To overcome the technical challenges of the convergence to a local optimum and a single dominant policy, the decomposed mechanism is applied to modify the MADDPG framework with local and global dual critic networks. Furthermore, to improve the convergence rate of the MADDPG training process, the PER mechanism is utilized to optimize the sampling efficiency from the experience replay buffer. Simulations have been conducted based on the Multi-agent Combat Arena (MaCA) platform, wherein the traditional MADDPG and independent learning DDPG (ILDDPG) algorithms are benchmarks. Simulation results indicate that the proposed DP-MADDPG improves the convergence rate and the convergent reward value. During confrontations against the vanilla distance-prioritized rule-empowered and intelligent ILDDPG-empowered blue parties, the DP-MADDPG-empowered red party can improve the win rate to 96% and 80.5%, respectively.
Nonlinear Charge Transport and Excitable Phenomena in Semiconductor Superlattices
Authors: Bonilla Luis L. , Carretero Manuel , Mompó Emanuel
Published: August 2024

Semiconductor superlattices are periodic nanostructures consisting of epitaxially grown quantum wells and barriers. For thick barriers, the quantum wells are weakly coupled and the main transport mechanism is a sequential resonant tunneling of electrons between wells. We review quantum transport in these materials, and the rate equations for electron densities, currents, and the self-consistent electric potential or field. Depending on superlattice configuration, doping density, temperature, voltage bias, and other parameters, superlattices behave as excitable systems, and can respond to abrupt dc bias changes by large transients involving charge density waves before arriving at a stable stationary state. For other parameters, the superlattices may have self-sustained oscillations of the current through them. These oscillations are due to repeated triggering and recycling of charge density waves, and can be periodic in time, quasiperiodic, and chaotic. Modifying the superlattice configuration, it is possible to attain robust chaos due to wave dynamics. External noise of appropriate strength can generate time-periodic current oscillations when the superlattice is in a stable stationary state without noise, which is called the coherence resonance. In turn, these oscillations can resonate with a periodic signal in the presence of sufficient noise, thereby displaying a stochastic resonance. These properties can be exploited to design and build many devices. Here, we describe detectors of weak signals by using coherence and stochastic resonance and fast generators of true random sequences useful for safe communications and storage.