bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond Instrumentarianism: Automated Facial Recognition Systems in Brazil and Digital Colonialism’s Violence
Authors: Peron Alcides Eduardo Dos Reis , Evangelista Rafael
Published: October 2024

Although critical of contemporary capitalism, and the injustices and asymmetries derived from it, current conceptualisations of ‘surveillance capitalism’ have been developed from within the Global North, paying little attention to the effects and ramifications of this new phase of capitalism for the global periphery. This text looks at this phenomenon from the Global South, emphasising the concept not as a territorial marker but contingent on social relations, intersecting ethnic, nationality and social class markers. Its objective is to explore the applications of automated facial recognition systems in Brazil, discussing how they reinforce a disciplinary logic of social subordination and diversify forms of symbolic violence. In this context, from the perspective of digital colonialism, we aim to highlight how the operation of such systems in the Global South contests and challenges the idea of soft instrumentarian control. It analyses the manifestations of surveillance capitalism in the Global South as enablers of digital colonialism, where disciplinary and violent social effects are fostered. It describes the functioning of AFR and its extensive relationship with colonial practices. To deepen our discussion, we will briefly focus on the application in public security and schools in Brazil, describing its controversies and disciplinary logic. Furthermore, it addresses the problematisation of instrumentarian power through post-colonial and digital colonialism approaches, arguing that the effects of deploying digital technologies globally are not restricted to data plundering but also foster complex social effects, such as dependency and violence.
Drug Repurposing Using Computational Tools and Preventive Strategies for COVID-19 and Future Pandemics
Authors: Rathore Shruti , Dahiya Praveen
Published: October 2024

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that targets the lower respiratory tract in human species. Since the target receptor molecule is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is highly expressed on the cell lining of the respiratory tract, the virus is responsible for causing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Computational tools such as artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning-based platforms are used for drug repurposing, identification, and selection of target molecules that can be used for vaccine development and antiviral drug production. Computer-aided drug designing, molecular docking and homology modelling are some of the most widely used in silico models for drug discovery against COVID-19. It is important to take preventive measures to control the spread of the virus. The present review focuses on the computational tools used for recognising the target molecules for vaccine production, the transmission networks of COVID-19 and the long-term strategies to prevent future pandemics such as COVID-19.
Do Good, Have Good: Mandatory CSR Policy and Foreign Subsidiary Performance in India
Authors: Saikia Anuradha , Bhattacharya Sharad Nath , Dwivedi Rohit
Published: October 2024

In 2013, the Companies Act in India mandated that foreign subsidiaries with specified profitability and size spend at least 2% of their net income on corporate social responsibility (CSR). The study uses this natural experiment to isolate the impact of CSR spending on multinational enterprise (MNE) subsidiary performance. Using a triple difference estimation method on 175 foreign subsidiaries from 2005 to 2020, this study finds a positive impact of the compulsory CSR regulation on the CSR spender subsidiaries. We also find that higher institutional distance and greater subsidiary age benefit affected subsidiaries, positively impacting their performance because of mandatory CSR spending. The findings offer suitable recommendations for managers and policymakers in emerging markets as navigating regulatory CSR policies in the host country requires considering both resource-based and institutional environment factors.
Unveiling the Impact of Influencer Attributes on Purchase Intention of Gen Z: The Moderating Role of Parasocial Interaction
Authors: Babu Eldho , Joseph N. Maria , Aboobaker Nimitha
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the impact of social media influencer attributes, namely source credibility, social presence and influencer inspiration on the purchase intention of Gen Z consumers, considering the moderating effect of parasocial interaction. The conceptual model was created by combining the social learning theory, the social presence theory and the parasocial theory to examine and comprehend the key characteristics of social media influencers and the role they play in attracting Gen Z consumers. The study adopted a quantitative approach. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 303 Generation Z consumers in India. The hypothesized model was tested using SMART PLS-4 through the use of structural equation modelling analysis. Source credibility and influencer inspiration were found to influence the Gen Z cohort’s purchase intention favourably. However, it was found that social presence did not significantly influence Gen Z consumers’ purchase intention. The results of the moderation analysis indicate that parasocial interaction positively moderated the relationship between source credibility and purchase intention and did not have a significant moderating effect on the relationship between influencers’ social presence, inspiration and purchase intention of Gen Z consumers. Implications for theory and practice are also discussed, thus adding to the emergent literature on influencer marketing.
Regulation of Glutamate and γ-Aminobutyric Acid Receptors in Rats with Depression by Sniffing the Essential Oil of Citrus × aurantium L. [Rutaceae]
Authors: Ren Guilin , Ke Gang , Pu Qingrong , Zhao Jian , Huang Rui
Published: October 2024

Background

Modern research has proved that the volatile oil (VO) of Citrus × aurantium L. [Rutaceae] has the effect of treating depression, but the mechanism of treating depression by sniffing has not been studied.

Purpose

To study the mechanism of VO on depression.

Methods

Part I: Except for the blank group, the sniffing group and nasal drip group were continuously administered for 7 days to investigate the optimal administration method. Part II: Except for the blank group, the model, positive group, high, medium, and low dose group of VO were established by chronic unpredictable stress test. The VO was given on the 7th day of modeling for 17 consecutive days. The expression of neurotransmitters and receptors in the brain was determined. The medicinal ingredients in rat brain tissue and blood were detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS).

Results

Compared with nasal drip, sniffing administration has less irritation to the nasal mucosa. The VO could reduce the forced swimming immobility time, adjust the activity state, increase the content of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), reduce the content of glutamate, and upregulate the expression of GABAα1, GABAγ2, and their mRNA. The main pharmaceutical component is d-limonene.

Conclusion

d-limonene in VO upregulates GABAα1, GABAγ2 expression to treat depression.
Study on the Mechanism of Guizhi Fuling Decoction in Treating Hyperlipidemia Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Methods
Authors: Zhang Mi , Zhang Yuntian , Wang Hongyun , Fan Chunlei
Published: October 2024

Background

Hyperlipidemia, caused by abnormal lipid metabolism, has become a significant health concern, especially in younger populations. While statins are commonly used for treatment, they often cause severe side effects with long-term use, leading to increased interest in finding natural alternatives.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate how Guizhi Fuling Decoction (GZFL) treats hyperlipidemia using network pharmacology and experimental validation.

Materials and Methods

Network pharmacology analyzed GZFL’s active components, targets, and treatment mechanisms for hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia rat and high-fat cell models were established. Experimental validation included enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Oil Red O staining, and other methods. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons. Pearson correlation analysis was used to identify correlations between key protein expressions and lipid levels.

Results

GZFL comprises 85 active components and targets 218 proteins. Hyperlipidemia involves 3,852 targets, with 175 overlapping targets. Key targets included estrogen receptor 1, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, interleukin-6 (IL-6), protein kinase B (AKT) 1, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1 beta, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), tumor protein p53 (TP53), and fructo oligosaccharide (FOS). Major active components were quercetin, phytosterols, kaempferol, and baicalein. Enrichment analysis highlighted processes like lipopolysaccharide response and lipid signaling pathways. Animal studies showed GZFL significantly reduced serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and increased apolipoprotein A1 ( p < 0.05). Western blot indicated that GZFL influenced AKT, TP53, IL-6, PPARγ expression, and mRNA levels in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway ( p < 0.01). Serum pharmacology experiments demonstrated GZFL-medicated serum reduced lipid droplet formation in high-fat cell models.

Conclusion

GZFL contains multiple pharmacologically active components, such as quercetin, phytosterols, and kaempferol, which can influence lipid metabolism. It may exert its effects by regulating proteins like AKT, TP53, IL-6, and PPARγ, participating in lipid and atherosclerosis signaling pathways and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Anchoring or Expanding? Gender and Judicial Nominations
Authors: King Jonathan M. , Schoenherr Jessica A. , Ostrander Ian
Published: October 2024

Since both parties committed to adding women to the federal bench in the 1970s, Democratic and Republican presidents have sought out qualified women for judgeships. Diversifying the bench offers symbolic and substantive benefits to both parties, but those benefits come at the cost of finding non-traditional nominees. Presidents can take one of two different approaches to diversification: maintain existing diversity by anchoring women to a seat, or increase diversity by considering women for every opening. Given presidents consider many factors, including electoral benefits, when selecting potential judges, we expect partisan politics influence approach. Examining all lower court nominations made between 1981 and 2022, we find that Republican presidents tend to anchor while Democratic presidents expand diversity. Additionally, Senate diversity influences diversification, as women are more likely to get nominated when the relevant state Senate delegation includes a woman. Overall, we offer new perspectives on the mechanisms of judicial diversification.
Exploring Dynamic Influences on Trust in Human-Autonomy Teaming: An Entropy and Event Layer Analysis
Authors: Yin Xiaoyun , Gorman Jamie C.
Published: October 2024

This research aims to study trust in Human-Autonomy Teaming (HAT). A multiple regression model was employed to explore potential predictors in tasks that might dynamically influence trust levels. By computing entropy across different system layers of a remotely piloted aerial vehicle system, we measured the influence of these dynamic predictors on trust. The findings suggest the presence of potential trust predictors in human-autonomy interactions as measured using entropy. Some layers had to be combined due to high multicollinearity, addressed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Further research is required for a more in-depth understanding of these components and their implications for trust dynamics.
Association of the Genetic Diversity of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Genes and HLA-C Ligand in Saudi Women With Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Altalhi Razan A. , Aljuaimlani Ali , Alswayyed Mohammed , Arafah Maha , Tashkandy Yusra , Almutairi Bader O. , Mansour Lamjed , Alomar Suliman Y.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Genetic diversity in the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene composition and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands, such as HLA-C, can affect the activity of natural killer cells and determine anti-cancer immunity. Specific KIR-HLA combinations can enhance cancer predisposition by promoting immune evasion. Studying the relationship between KIR-HLA polymorphisms and thyroid cancer (TC) risk can offer insights into how natural immunity fails, leading to disease development. Therefore, we investigated the association between KIR and HLA-C genotypes and TC risk in Saudi women.

Methods

In this retrospective study, sixteen KIR genotypes and 2 HLA-C allotypes were determined using the polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) method, and the genotypes of 50 Saudi female patients with TC were compared with those of 50 Saudi female healthy controls (HC).

Results

We observed a highly significant decrease in the presence of the KIR2DS2 and KIR2DS4 genes (OR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.05-0.41, P = 0.0001; OR = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.02-0.2, P = 0.000, respectively) and in the presence of the KIR2DL5A gene (OR = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.02-0.14, P = 0.0000) in the TC group compared to the HC group. The frequency of the HLA-C2C2 allotype was significantly higher in HC compared to patients with TC ( P = 0.02). The KIR haplotype group A and AB genotypes revealed a protective effect against TC ( P = 0.0003 and P = 0.000, respectively), while the BB genotype showed a risk effect on TC compared to HC. Our results showed significant differences in the KIR gene combinations and KIR-HLA combinations between Saudi female TC patients and HC.

Conclusion

These results suggest that the expression of KIR genes and their HLA-C ligands may influence the risk of TC development in Saudi women.
Empathic pain: Underlying neural mechanism
Authors: Zhang Ming-Ming , Chen Tao
Published: October 2024

Empathy is usually regarded as the ability to perceive the emotional state of others, which is an altruistic motivation to promote prosocial behavior and thus plays a key role in human life and social development. Empathic pain—the capacity to feel and understand the pain of others—constitutes a significant aspect in the study of empathy behaviors. For an extended duration, investigations into empathic pain have predominantly centered on human neuroimaging studies. Fortunately, recent advancements have witnessed the utilization of animal models in the exploration of the fundamental neural underpinnings of empathic pain. There is substantial evidence implicating multiple brain regions and neural networks in the generation and maintenance of empathic pain. Nevertheless, further elucidation of the neural mechanisms underlying empathic pain is warranted. This review provides a concise overview of prior studies on the neural mechanisms of empathic pain, outlining the pertinent brain regions, neural pathways, synaptic mechanisms, and associated molecules while also delving into future prospects.
Robust adaptive impedance control of coordinated electrically driven robots: An engineering application for the (p,q)-analogue of Bernstein-Stancu operators
Authors: Niknia Hasan , Izadbakhsh Alireza , Razmavar Vahid
Published: October 2024

Function approximation techniques have emerged as influential mathematical tools for designing compliant motion controllers capable of managing objects using multiple electrical manipulators without the need for exact models. However, their effectiveness often relies on having access to velocity signals, which may not always be practical in real-world situations. This paper introduces an observer-based robust adaptive impedance control strategy that employs the (p,q)-analogue of Bernstein-Stancu operators as uncertainty estimators to tackle uncertainties in collaborative multiple electrical manipulators. This approach leverages visual task-space information and doesn’t depend on velocity feedback, enhancing cost-effectiveness and applicability in practical robotic systems. The lumped uncertainty is first modeled by this operator. The adaptation laws, derived from stability analysis, are then employed to tune its coefficients, which are not presented in the previous literature. By applying the Lyapunov lemma, the paper ensures that error signals in the controlled system are uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB). The suggested controller is evaluated in a system featuring two arms managing a rigid load. Simulation results showcase the effectiveness and versatility of the proposed approach. The outcomes are also compared with two advanced approximation techniques to demonstrate the precision and effectiveness of the suggested controller design.
Improvising Bags Choreographies: Disturbing Normative Ways of Doing Research
Authors: Taylor Carol , Fairchild Nikki , Elmenhorst Constanse , Koro-Ljungberg Mirka , Benozzo Angelo , Carey Neil
Published: October 2024

Postqualitative research-creation improvisations offer new possibilities to explore method/ology. In this article, we question how bags, as seemingly mundane objects, work as ontologically lively matter—as active agencies—to choreograph human–nonhuman relations and heterogeneous materialities. Working from three questions—How might a bag become? What do bags do? What do bags enable and enact?—we discuss four research-creation improvisations and the insights they generated. The article maps how bags choreographies put affects, bodies, and materialities into comotional relations to disturb normative approaches to research both within conference sessions and through writing articles.
How Boys Deflect Responsibility for Street Harassment: Class, Race, and Responses to Sexual Violence Awareness Programs
Authors: Dekker Mischa
Published: October 2024

This paper shows how boys respond to harassment awareness training programs and analyzes how such audiences might fail to see street harassment as ‘their’ problem (therefore deflecting responsibility for sexual violence). It is based on ethnographic observations of street harassment awareness programs organized in France and interviews with their participants. Boys’ intersectional identities informed how they responded to this program. Boys of color in schools in underprivileged areas argued that racism towards racialized men, rather than the latter’s behavior, often led white women to report being sexually harassed. White boys in schools located in more affluent areas avoided feeling responsible for street harassment by associating violent acts with working-class men or men of colour. I argue that boys are more likely to deflect responsibility for sexual violence when a training program insufficiently relates the message to their personal experiences and lifeworld.
Taxonomic Distribution, Phylogenetic Relationship, and Domain Conservation of CRISPR-Associated Cas Proteins
Authors: Ranasinghe Weerakkody , Gillette Dorcie , Ho Alexis , Cho Hyuk , Choudhary Madhusudan
Published: October 2024

CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) is a naturally occurring genetic defense system in bacteria and archaea. It is comprised of a series of DNA sequence repeats with spacers derived from previous exposures to plasmid or phage. Further understanding and applications of CRISPR system have revolutionized our capacity for gene or genome editing of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The CRISPR systems are classified into 3 distinct types: type I, type II, and type III, each of which possesses an associated signature protein, Cas3, Cas9, and Cas10, respectively. As the CRISPR loci originated from earlier independent exposures of foreign genetic elements, it is likely that their associated signature proteins may have evolved rapidly. Also, their functional domain structures might have experienced different selective pressures, and therefore, they have differentially diverged in their amino acid sequences. We employed genomic, phylogenetic, and structure-function constraint analyses to reveal the evolutionary distribution, phylogenetic relationship, and structure-function constraints of Cas3, Cas9, and Cas10 proteins. Results reveal that all 3 Cas-associated proteins are highly represented in the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria, including both pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. Genomic analysis of homologous proteins demonstrates that the proteins share 30% to 50% amino acid identity; therefore, they are low to moderately conserved and evolved rapidly. Phylogenetic analysis shows that 3 proteins originated monophyletically; however, the evolution rates were different among different branches of the clades. Furthermore, structure-function constraint analysis reveals that both Cas3 and Cas9 proteins experiences low to moderate levels of negative selection, and several protein domains of Cas3 and Cas9 proteins are highly conserved. To the contrary, most protein domains of Cas10 proteins experience neutral or positive selection, which supports rapid genetic divergence and less structure-function constraints.
A Death for Guillain-Barrè Syndrome After Receiving a COVID-19 Vaccine: A Case Report
Authors: Coviello Antonio , Iacovazzo Carmine , Vargas Maria , Posillipo Concetta , Sagnelli Francesco , Diglio Pasquale , Cirillo Dario , Servillo Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

The virus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) causes COVID-19, a potentially fatal disease. The COVID-19 vaccine is indicated for active immunization to prevent COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. We reported the case of a 66-year-old woman with a medical history of hypertension and anxious-depressive syndrome who developed Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS) 4 weeks after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. During the patient’s hospital stay, they received cycles of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and plasmapheresis treatments.. Despite the treatment, a deterioration of respiratory function led the patient to premature mortality.
Empowering healthcare education: A multilingual ontology for medical informatics and digital health (MIMO) integrated to artificial intelligence powered training in smart hospitals
Authors: Benis Arriel , Grosjean Julien , Disson Flavien , Crisan-Vida Mihaela , Weber Patrick , Stoicu-Tivadar Lacramioara , Staccini Pascal , Darmoni Stéfan J.
Published: October 2024

Objective: A comprehensive understanding of professional and technical terms is essential to achieving practical results in multidisciplinary projects dealing with health informatics and digital health. The medical informatics multilingual ontology (MIMO) initiative has been created through international cooperation. MIMO is continuously updated and comprises over 3700 concepts in 37 languages on the Health Terminology/Ontology Portal (HeTOP). Methods: We conducted case studies to assess the feasibility and impact of integrating MIMO into real-world healthcare projects. In HosmartAI, MIMO is used to index technological tools in a dedicated marketplace and improve partners’ communication. Then, in SaNuRN, MIMO supports the development of a “Catalog and Index of Digital Health Teaching Resources” (CIDHR) backing digital health resources retrieval for health and allied health students. Results: In HosmartAI, MIMO facilitates the indexation of technological tools and smooths partners’ interactions. In SaNuRN within CIDHR, MIMO ensures that students and practitioners access up-to-date, multilingual, and high-quality resources to enhance their learning endeavors. Conclusion: Integrating MIMO into training in smart hospital projects allows healthcare students and experts worldwide with different mother tongues and knowledge to tackle challenges facing the health informatics and digital health landscape to find innovative solutions improving initial and continuous education.
Honourable kāwanatanga: A prerequisite for constitutional transformation
Authors: Came Heather , Pillay Mershen , Aspin Clive , McCreanor Tim
Published: October 2024

Understandings of Te Tiriti o Waitangi continue to unfold as we find our way through the complexities of colonial misinformation about our herstory and history. Looking ahead to the prospect of constitutional transformation, this paper examines honourable kāwanatanga as a necessary pathway to Tiriti justice. This commentary paper draws on existing literature and insights from the Māori and Tauiwi authors’ decades of experience of pursuing Tiriti justice. The Crown has consistently breached Te Tiriti and engaged in dishonourable kāwanatanga. Māori have always resisted colonisation and imagined a future where Te Tiriti was honoured. Latterly, Tauiwi in increasing numbers have also joined this resistance. The preamble of Te Tiriti o Waitangi articulates the desire of rangatira and the British to enter into a relationship of goodwill and peace. Rangatira reasonably anticipated that the British would behave honourably. The subsequent displacement of Māori from land, language, economy and cultural traditions from 1840 onwards, resulted in devastating intergenerational harms and losses. Ani Mikaere has argued that the Māori–Crown relationship has deteriorated to the point of resembling the dynamics of an abusive relationship. This characterisation suggests an unequal and harmful interaction, where one party holds power and control over the other, often at the expense of the latter’s rights, well-being, and autonomy, whilst societal institutions and common sense, deeply support the abuser. Honourable kāwanatanga, as a tool for transformations toward social justice, is often used as an intentional description to mark Tiriti-centric governance as opposed to deep-rooted dishonourable, Tiriti-breaching governance. This form of abuse characterises the ongoing colonial hegemony which has generated and maintained institutional racism and monoculturalism and allowed it to flourish within the public service and many other sectors of society. The notion of honourable kāwanatanga intersects with the call of Matike Mai and supports collective Indigenous peoples’ rights.
Study on use of recycled waste materials on the performance of asphalt binder and mixes: A comprehensive review
Authors: Shah Peerzada Mosir
Published: October 2024

All aspects of daily living frequently involve the use of plastics. Due to the lack of effective waste treatment methods, massive global environmental problems will be caused by the accumulation of waste plastics. The use of waste materials in road building is of tremendous interest since it has the potential to reduce hazards and pollution while conserving natural resources. High-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), and polyvinyl chloride are the most appropriate and relevant of waste plastics. There are other types of waste materials used in the asphalt such as reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), crumb rubber (CR), steel slag, glass powder etc. These all-waste materials have been briefly discussed. In this review article several concerns have been raised about the physical and chemical qualities, of asphalt pavements that have been mixed with waste materials. Using waste materials in asphalt pavements can raise several concerns regarding the physical and chemical qualities of the resulting mixtures. These concerns typically revolve around factors such as durability, performance, environmental impact, and overall sustainability. This research article provides a thorough analysis of the wet and dry procedures used to mix different types of waste plastics. Overall, including waste plastics into asphalt mix improved rutting, fatigue, and moisture resistance. Additionally, recycling waste plastics in this manner helps in reducing environmental pollution and conserving natural resources. Overall, the inclusion of waste plastics in asphalt mixtures can contribute to the development of more sustainable and durable pavements with improved performance in terms of rutting, fatigue, and moisture resistance. There are still certain issues like compatibility and low temperature performances that need to be addressed. To overcome the aforementioned issues, many strategies are used, including the use of nanomaterials, chemical additives, and polymer additives. Additional research should be conducted to investigate the ageing effect, pavement performance monitoring, polymer stability, and the economic and environmental considerations associated with the usage of plastics in asphalt pavements.
An argument for open education policy
Authors: Carter Blair Richard
Published: October 2024

While many historically contingent barriers to individual liberty have been deconstructed, I argue that current education policy continues to maintain a discriminatory educational milieu that constitutes individuals as dis/abled. I describe this current government formulation of educational spaces as Closed Policy. Various contingent environmental barriers, dynamically intersecting with, for example, gender, class, ethnicity, physiology, and neurodiversity; inhibit individuals due to constructed notions of ability and disability. I draw upon the principles of Open Futures, Open Society, piecemeal social engineering, and prioritarianism to call for a deconstruction of Closed Policy and movement towards Open Policy. I argue that current educational policy is unjust and should be deconstructed to free individuals from coercion, prejudice, and harm. I argue for a shift towards Open Policy so that difference can be celebrated and the potential for Open Futures is maximised.
Short Take: Counternarratives in Education Research
Authors: Lee Megan , Augustine Danielle , Moore Melinda
Published: October 2024

Narratives that dominant the discourse of the experiences of people of color, specifically in education settings, are incomplete. Therefore, identifying methodological approaches that emphasize the perspectives of minoritized groups is essential. Counternarratives have been applied to help (re)tell stories of the oppressed to challenge dominant and racialized perspectives. This short take provides one example of a step-by-step guide that draws on critical race theory and the use of counternarratives as a methodology to incorporate an ethnic and racial perspective in research.
The Role of Indocyanine Green With Near-Infrared Imaging for the Intraoperative Detection and Enhancement of Endometriosis Lesions: A Narrative Review
Authors: Rajasinghe Minoli , Lucky Tarana , Kathurusinghe Shamitha
Published: October 2024

Background: There is a clinical need for improved intraoperative detection of endometriosis, and the use of Indocyanine Green with Near-Infrared Imaging (NIR-ICG) is a novel technique for this purpose. The aim of this review is to determine whether NIR-ICG is an effective tool for endometriosis detection and establish an evidence-based methodology for its use.

Methods: This review searches Ovid MEDLINE and Embase through July 2023 and considers primary literature published in English describing the use of NIR-ICG to detect endometriosis intraoperatively. Case studies, video demonstrations and articles describing NIR-ICG used for other surgical roles were not considered. Identified studies were screened independently by two authors, and data was extracted by a single author.

Results: NIR-ICG was found to enhance the detection of endometriosis in six out of the nine included studies with additional lesion identification, and to have an unchanged or reduced efficacy compared to current standards in the remaining three. Across all studies there were lesions missed by NIR-ICG which were detected by conventional imaging. A greater duration of time between dye administration and visualisation of lesions was found to be more effective for detection. The ideal ICG protocol proposed from this review is a fixed amount of dye proportional to patient weight prior to surgery (0.25-0.3 mg/kg) followed by a longer waiting time before imaging (10-30 min).

Conclusion: NIR-ICG has a possible role to enhance the identification of endometriosis intraoperatively as an adjunct to conventional white light imaging, particularly deeper infiltrating disease. However, substantial further research is required in this field.
Disability and Racial Justice Go Hand in Hand: A Commentary on Black Men and Firearm Violence
Authors: Baker Nazsa S. , Wical William , Ricks Tiffany N.
Published: October 2024

Black men in the United States face disproportionately high rates of firearm violence, leading to death and disability more often than males of other racial/ethnic groups. Managing life after such injuries involves significant challenges in daily activities, employment, and pain management. Despite the critical impacts of firearm-related disabilities on Black men, their experiences remain largely unexplored by disability scholars, public health researchers, and practitioners. This oversight is alarming, as Black men with firearm-acquired disabilities encounter considerable structural barriers to achieving health and social objectives. Our team focuses on: (a) the experiences of Black men with firearm-acquired disabilities, (b) the lack of literature on their lived realities, and (c) new pathways for disability and public health research. Recognizing and addressing the invisibility of violently injured Black men in research is crucial for advancing equity, social justice, and representation across society. We argue that disability justice is a vital starting point for acknowledging the social experiences of gunshot wound survivors. More research is needed to understand the experiences of these young Black men who have been largely ignored in public health and disability narratives. It is essential for clinicians and policymakers to grasp how this neglect affects conventional views on health, accessibility, and well-being, underscoring the need for a more inclusive and equitable approach.
Non-Participant Observations in Experience-Based Codesign: An example using a Case Study Research approach to explore Emergency Department Care
Authors: Cheek Colleen , Austin Elizabeth , Richardson Lieke , Testa Luke , Ransolin Natalia , Francis-Auton Emilie , Safi Mariam , Murphy Margaret , De Los Santos Aaron , Vukasovic Matthew , Clay-Williams Robyn
Published: October 2024

Previous reviews of experience-based codesign (EBCD) projects have shown non-participant observations (NPOs) are omitted or unreported in the majority of studies, despite academics’ insistence of their value. We undertook Stage 1 of an EBCD project using a Case Study Research approach to organise the inquiry. NPOs were used as the first object (frame of analysis) of the case subject, exploring and understanding the experience of users and providers of ED care. 162 hours of NPOs were conducted by six research team members across three hospital Emergency Departments (EDs), representing a local nested case. The four principles of EBCD were used to guide the inquiry, providing rich understanding and description of the context, and valuable insights into critical issues. Summarised NPO narratives allowed the research team to familiarise themselves with the different physical environments, workflows, and processes, as well as think more deeply about work and interactions. Conducted within complex healthcare settings, this example demonstrates the value of observing Work-As-Done and has advanced knowledge of institutional logic that will be critical in considering realistic and sustainable change initiatives. Commitment to intentional design and well-reported research methods for exploring and understanding lived experience can satisfy academic audiences of the study integrity and provide comprehensive information for those undertaking accelerated EBCD.
Research on the load transfer performance of large-span steel truss cable-stayed bridge structures
Authors: Gu Lixiong , Liu Cong , Ma Niujing , Ji Jianyi
Published: October 2024

Since the wave is accompanied by the transfer of energy in the process of transmission, and the energy density at the node directly affects the bearing capacity and service performance of the steel truss cable-stayed bridge members and joints, this paper quantitatively studies the energy density at the key nodes of the long-span steel truss cable-stayed bridge from the perspective of the wave response of the structure. Firstly, according to the drawings of Xiangshan Bridge, a local finite element model of the steel truss cable-stayed bridge is established, and by changing the angle between the cable and the steel truss girder and the bending stiffness of the cable, the variation law of energy density at the connection node between the cable and the steel truss girder is obtained by changing the angle between the cable and the steel truss girder and the bending stiffness of the cableway. Due to the limitations of finite element wave analysis, from the perspective of theoretical analysis, this paper establishes the local scattering matrix at the node, proves the obtained law to a certain extent, and uses the return wave-light matrix method to analyze and solve the energy density at the connection node between the cable bar and the steel truss girder, and the final analytical solution is in good agreement with the numerical solution, which proves that the law obtained by numerical analysis is correct.
Embolization of a ruptured cystic artery pseudoaneurysm by percutaneous injection
Authors: Tufanoğlu Fatih Hakan , Akyüz Behiç
Published: October 2024

Background

Pseudoaneurysm of the cystic artery is very rare. It usually presents with rupture and hemorrhagic shock, which may be life-threatening. Ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced tomography can be used for the diagnosis. The mainstay of treatment for this disease is cholecystectomy.

Objective

Here we present an 86-year-old man with known diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease whose pseudoaneurysm was treated with percutaneous thrombin injection and highlight the technical aspect of the procedure.

Method

With ultrasonography guidance, a 21-gauge Chiba needle was passed through the liver and advanced into the pseudoaneurysm sac. A controlled, slow injection of 0.5-cc thrombin into the sac was performed with instant occlusion. Doppler imaging performed immediately following the procedure revealed that the pseudoaneurysm was not filled.

Conclusion

Pseudoaneurysm of the gallbladder is extremely rare, and its diagnosis is difficult. If the condition is not treated right away, it can quickly become life-threatening. The majority of the pseudoaneurysms have already ruptured, and the patients are clinically septic, making surgery dangerous. Also, the use of contrast media in these patients may increase the risk of nephropathy, which is not an issue with percutaneous injection. Due to the obvious risk of rupture and bleeding, we propose injecting pseudoaneurysms only if they have a visible wall.

Result

Percutaneous injection of the gallbladder pseudoaneurysms can be an option when treating gallbladder pseudoaneurysms. More research on long-term success rates is required.
Inflammatory bowel disease patients’ expectations of care: Insights from a qualitative study
Authors: Bednarikova Hana , Gabova Kristyna , Zelinkova Zuzana , Meier Zdenek , Tavel Peter
Published: October 2024

Background: The relationship with the treating gastroenterologist has been shown to significantly influence the quality of life of patients with IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease). Still, the expectations of patients have not been studied in detail. This study aimed to explore the messages and recommendations of IBD patients towards their gastroenterologists who treat them. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the DIPEx method developed by the Health Experiences Research Group at Oxford University. Semi-structured interviews with 36 participants (19 with Crohn’s disease and 17 with ulcerative colitis) were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Three main areas emerged as relevant for patients: doctors’ expertise, patient-physician relationships, and the organisation of the healthcare system. Participants underscored the importance of comprehensive information, symptom recognition, exceptional care, and addressing outcome disparities by their treating physicians. Patient-centeredness, including dignified treatment, collaborative management of embarrassment, and trust, was mentioned as crucial for a good patient-physician relationship. The patients stressed the importance of sufficient time for care and the incorporation of mental health interventions. They emphasised professionalism, expertise, and friendly rapport as crucial for building trust in treating the unpredictable nature of IBD. The study also highlights the systemic impact of these interactions on healthcare systems. Conclusions: Patients actively engaged in their treatment bring novel perspectives, underscoring the value of a collaborative, respectful, and patient-physician dynamic. The implementation of this approach requires systemic healthcare shifts. This qualitative study on patient expectations underscores factors for a robust patient-physician bond, including gastroenterologists’ expertise, personalised care, and adequate time provision.
The effect of motor dual-task training on gait and mobility performances in children with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Kachouri Hiba , Jouira Ghada , Rebai Haithem , Sahli Sonia
Published: October 2024

The study investigated the impact of motor dual-task training on gait and mobility in children with intellectual disabilities. Performance was assessed using the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) and the 10-Meter Walking Test (TMWT) before and after an 8-week training period, with participants divided into a Trained Group (n=12) and a Control Group (n=14). Results indicated that, across both groups and regardless of session, TUGT and TMWT scores were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the motor dual-task condition compared to the single-task condition. Post-training, TUGT scores significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the single-task condition. The Trained Group showed significant improvements in second motor-task performance on both TUGT (p < 0.05) and TMWT (p < 0.001) under dual-task conditions, while the Control Group showed no change. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of motor dual-task training in enhancing mobility in children with intellectual disabilities.
A systematic review of attachment interventions for people with intellectual disability and their caregivers
Authors: Ramsden Ruby , Reeves Emily , Whitwell Eve , Lane Nicola , Fletcher Helen K
Published: October 2024

Objective

The current mixed-methods systematic review evaluated available literature to find out which attachment-based interventions have been implemented for people with intellectual disability and whether they are efficacious and acceptable.

Methods

Five databases were searched (in July 2023 and April 2024), using terms related to intellectual disability and attachment-based interventions. The search yielded 793 papers; 15 papers (13 studies) met inclusion criteria. Relevant data was extracted from each study. Paper quality was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Findings were synthesised in an integrative review.

Results

Of the included studies, 7 had people with intellectual disability as participants and 6 had their caregivers. Interventions included education, psychotherapy, technology assisted therapy, video interaction guidance/feedback and circle of security. Research methods varied.

Conclusions

Evidence for efficacy and acceptability of interventions was mixed but promising. Most studies had limited generalisability. Therefore, further research is required. Pre-registration with PROSPERO [351287].
Spin coating deposition of tin oxide thin films: Influence of solution concentration
Authors: Meddas Hanane , Abdelghani Lakel , Amel Dakhlaoui , Saliha Bouaicha , Randa Slatnia , Okba Belahssen
Published: October 2024

Tin oxide (SnO2) thin films were deposited on glass substrates using a cost-effective spin coating method. The effect of solution molarity on their microstructural, optical, and electrical properties was investigated. For this purpose, solutions of tin chloride salt were prepared with various molarity in the range of 0.1M to 0.25M. The synthesized films structure and morphology were characterized by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The optical and electrical properties were studied by mean of UV-Vis spectroscopy and four probes conductivity measurement. The X-ray diffraction patterns of all samples revealed well-crystallized and pure SnO2 films with tetragonal rutile structure. The scanning electron microscopy images reveal a smooth and dense film pinholes free. The optical analyses show that the films exhibit an optical transparency that reaches up to 98% in the visible range and that the optical band gap decreases from 3.97 to 3.82 eV when the concentration increases from 0.1M to 0.25M. The films’ electrical conductivity varies in the range from 76 to 100 (Ω cm)–1. The largest figure of merit of 9.8 × 10–3 was measured in the films prepared at low solution concentration.
The impact of periampullary diverticula on cannulation and adverse events in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Gustafsson Arvid , Tingstedt Bobby , Olsson Greger
Published: October 2024

Background:

Periampullary diverticulum (PAD) is commonly encountered in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures.

Objectives:

We sought to determine whether PADs are associated with a lower success rate of cannulation and an increased risk of adverse events.

Design:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using prospectively gathered nationwide registry data.

Methods:

Using the Swedish registry for gallstone surgery and ERCP, we analyzed a cohort of 66,974 prospectively registered ERCP procedures performed in 2006–2021. The presence of PAD was divided into two groups based on the PAD type: Boix type 1 (the papilla located inside the PAD) and Boix types 2–3 (the papilla located either at the edge of the PAD or immediately adjacent to the PAD). The primary outcomes were the success rate of cannulation and overall adverse events within 30 days.

Results:

PADs were registered in 8130 (12.1%) of ERCPs included in the study population. In total, 2114 (3.9%) patients had Boix type 1 PAD, while 5035 (8.2%) patients had Boix type 2 or 3 PAD. The chance of successful cannulation was lower in patients with type 1 PAD compared to no PAD (80.1% vs 88.7%; odds ratio: 0.42, 95% confidence interval: 0.38–0.46). No differences were seen in overall adverse events or post-ERCP pancreatitis. Adverse events occurred in 14.6% of patients with PAD type 1 and 16.0% of patients with PAD type 2 or 3, compared to 16.5% of patients without a PAD.

Conclusion:

Cannulation appears less successful during ERCP when the papilla is located in the PAD (i.e., type 1). Adverse events seem not to increase with the presence of a PAD, but they could theoretically be influenced by the inability to cannulate.