bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus stimulate nitric oxide production in macrophages and fibroblasts in vitro
Authors: Sousa Mauricio Gonçalves da Costa , Xavier Patricia Diniz , Lima Stella Maris de Freitas , Almeida Jeeser Alves de , Franco Octávio Luiz , Rezende Taia Maria Berto
Published: May 2020

Aim: Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator related to damage of the pulp tissue and at the same time to regenerative pulp processes. However, it is not clear how common endodontic microorganisms can regulate this mediator. This study aimed to investigate NO production by macrophages and fibroblasts against Enterococcus faecalis- and Staphylococcus aureus-antigens. Methods: RAW 264.7 macrophages and L929 fibroblast cell lines were stimulated with different heat-killed (HK) antigen concentrations (105-108 colony forming units - CFU) from E. faecalis and S. aureus with or without interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Cell viability by MTT colorimetric assay and NO production from the culture supernatants were evaluated after 72 h. Results: Data here reported demonstrated that none of the antigen concentrations decreased cell viability in macrophages and fibroblasts. The presence of HK-S. aureus and HK-E. faecalis antigen- stimulated NO production with or without IFN-γ on RAW 264.7. The HK-S. aureus antigen stimulated NO production in L929 fibroblasts with or without IFN-γ, and the highest concentration of HK-E. faecalis with IFN-γ also stimulated NO production by these cells. Conclusion: The amount of NO produced by macrophages and fibroblasts may be involved in the concentration and type of prevalent endodontic microorganisms, generating new answers for the understanding of pulpal revascularization/regeneration processes.
Virtualidades e educação
Authors: Dias Júnior Antonio Carlos , Martins Maria do Carmo
Published: May 2020

O segundo número da revista ETD – Educação Temática Digital do ano de 2020 chega à leitora e ao leitor em meio a um contexto histórico inédito. Mistura de um episódio do universo tecnológico-distópico de Black Mirror com o panorama camusiano da Orã acometida pela Peste, vemos a aparente antinomia entre distanciamento e proximidade reconfigurar-se e converter-se em novas formas de sociabilidade e interação. Ao necessário isolamento social imposto pela disseminação virulenta de uma pandemia emerge mutatis mutandis um ser humano que não apenas media suas relações sociais via aparatos tecnológicos, mas agora se realiza (em termos ontológicos) através e, em enorme medida, na dependência deles. Potencialmente libertadora e subversiva na mesma medida que repressora e submissa, a virtualidade se impõe antes como necessidade que como escolha...
Avaliação da qualidade de queijos de produção informal
Authors: Amaral José Wilker , Souza Stefania Márcia Oliveira , Ribeiro Jaqueline Lamounier , Ferreira Márcia Aguiar , Poggiani Sabrina Santos Costa
Published: May 2020

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade de queijos produzidos e comercializados informalmente em feiras livres do Distrito Federal. Foram coletadas 30 amostras de queijos sem certificado de inspeção sanitária, comercializados em dez feiras do DF, nas quais foram avaliados os teores de umidade, a presença de Salmonella spp., de microrganismos psicrotróficos e desenvolvimento de limosidade e bolor aparente. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram ausência de Salmonella spp., e altas contagens para microrganismos psicrotróficos. Os teores de umidade variaram entre 43% e 61% indicando falta de padrão deste produto, concomitante ao surgimento de limosidade na superfície de 40% das amostras e desenvolvimento de bolores em 33%. A ausência de Salmonella spp. nas amostras analisadas não deve ser entendida como ausência de perigo microbiológico associado ao consumo deste tipo de produto, devido à possibilidade de ocorrência de outros patógenos que não foram alvos dessa pesquisa.
Mécanismes d’apparition de l’acidose ruminale latente et conséquences physiopathologiques et zootechniques
Authors: MARTIN C. , BROSSARD L. , DOREAU M.
Published: May 2020

Alors que sa forme aiguë est devenue rare, l’acidose ruminale se développe dans nos systèmes de production intensive sous sa forme latente, plus discrète mais touchant un nombre important d’animaux avec des impacts financiers négatifs. L’acidose ruminale aiguë a pour origine une surconsommation accidentelle de glucides rapidement fermentescibles. Elle apparaît comme un état de perturbation bien défini : chute du pH à des valeurs inférieures à 5, associée à une accumulation de lactate dans le rumen. Ceci est dû à l’appauvrissement de l’écosystème microbien ruminal (protozoaires, bactéries) au profit d’une flore productrice de lactate acido-tolérante. L’acidose latente apparaît plus spécialement lors des périodes de transitions alimentaires vers des régimes à forte densité énergétique. Elle représente un état de déséquilibre transitoire plus ou moins fréquent ou durable. La baisse du pH, proche des valeurs physiologiques inférieures (pH moyen entre 5 et 6,25), n’est pas liée à l’accumulation de lactate, mais à celle des acides gras volatils. La proportion d’acétate diminue en relation avec la baisse de l’activité cellulolytique. Pour une baisse de pH modérée, les protozoaires se développent et les fermentations s’orientent vers le butyrate. Pour des pH plus faibles, les protozoaires disparaissent au profit des bactéries amylolytiques, avec une orientation fermentaire vers le propionate. Ces modifications ruminales peuvent avoir des conséquences physiopathologiques à plus ou moins long terme au niveau digestif (inhibition de la motricité ruminale, diarrhées, lésions de la paroi ruminale…), des troubles métaboliques ou encore des complications infectieuses et locomotrices. Les conséquences négatives sur les quantités ingérées et les performances, bien que réelles, sont très difficiles à quantifier du fait que les régimes acidogènes, riches en concentré, vont généralement de pair avec des quantités ingérées et des performances élevées. L’état d’acidose se traduirait par des diminutions de courte durée, et donc une plus grande irrégularité de l’ingestion et de la production.
La séquence du génome de la poule et ses applications en sélection
Authors: VIGNAL A. , BESBES B.
Published: May 2020

En décembre 2004, soit trois ans seulement après celle de l’homme, la première version de la séquence du génome de la poule a été publiée. Ce travail est le résultat de plus de dix années de recherches en génomique. Celles-ci ont débuté par la réalisation des premières cartes génétiques, puis de banques de clones BAC*, de cartes cytogénétiques incluant les microchromosomes, de cartes d’hybrides irradiés et la production de séquences d’EST. En effet, c’est la mise en commun de l’ensemble de ces données disponibles qui a contribué à l’assemblage final de la séquence. Bien entendu, comme la première version de celle du génome humain, la séquence de la poule n’est pas parfaite et des travaux de vérification et de corrections, notamment des microchromosomes, seront nécessaires. De plus, un effort d’annotation* est maintenant à réaliser. Cependant, le fait de disposer de la séquence du génome d’un nombre croissant de vertébrés va permettre d’affiner nos connaissances grâce aux études comparatives. La disponibilité de la séquence de la poule va permettre de remplacer une bonne partie des longs et fastidieux travaux de biologie moléculaire nécessaires à la détermination de la structure, de la fonction et du polymorphisme des gènes par des analyses in silico. Ceci devrait accélérer la mise au point de marqueurs moléculaires utilisables pour la sélection de phénotypes intéressants pour les productions animales
Relations entre fonctionnement mitochondrial et types contractiles des fibres musculaires
Authors: GUEGUEN N. , LEFAUCHEUR L. , HERPIN P.
Published: May 2020

Le muscle, tissu d’importance économique majeure chez les animaux producteurs de viande, est un tissu composite comprenant en majeure partie des fibres musculaires qui constituent une population très hétérogène aux caractéristiques contractiles et métaboliques variées. Les relations entre type contractile des fibres et fonctionnement mitochondrial, un composant essentiel du métabolisme énergétique musculaire, restent mal connues. Leur compréhension est pourtant essentielle pour espérer mieux maîtriser l’impact du type de fibres sur les diverses composantes de la qualité de la viande. Une analyse fine de la composante mitochondriale du fonctionnement énergétique des fi-bres a donc été entreprise en relation avec leurs caractéristiques contractiles. Les résultats indiquent que, contrairement aux fibres rapides de types IIX et IIB, la régulation mitochondriale dans les fibres lentes de type I et, dans une moindre mesure, de type rapide IIA est hautement spécialisée avec une optimisation de l’efficacité des mitochondries (couplage entre oxydation et phosphorylation, capacité oxydative maximale), une restriction de leur perméabilité à l’ADP et un couplage fonctionnel entre les kinases mitochondriales et la production d’ATP, permettant un transfert efficace de l’énergie vers les myosines. De plus, la régulation mitochondriale et les transferts énergétiques sont modulés par l’activation calcium-dépendante des ATPases portées par les myosines.
Quel est le rôle des protéines découplantes mitochondriales chez les mammifères et les oiseaux ?
Authors: DAMON M. , COLLIN A.
Published: May 2020

La première protéine découplante identifiée dans le tissu adipeux brun des mammifères, UCP1, est une protéine de la membrane interne mitochondriale qui dissipe l’énergie libérée par l’oxydation des nutriments au détriment de la synthèse d’ATP. Son rôle physiologique dans la thermogenèse est clairement établi. Elle est indispensable au maintien de la température corporelle des animaux hibernants et des nouveaux nés. Chez les mammifères, d’autres protéines homologues, ont par la suite été identifiées dans le muscle (UCP2 et UCP3) tandis que l’on ne connaît à ce jour qu’une seule protéine découplante chez l’oiseau domestique. L’intérêt pour ces protéines a été renforcé car elles semblent, à l’image d’UCP1, responsables d’une fuite de protons au travers de la membrane mitochondriale interne et pourraient jouer un rôle clé dans l’étiologie de nombreuses pathologies. Cependant, les mécanismes mis en jeu sont encore controversés et la fonction physiologique de ces protéines n’est aujourd’hui toujours pas établie : rôle thermogénique, rôle anti-obésité, stress oxydatif, prévention contre la production de radicaux libres.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL THERMAL FRONTS DISTRIBUTION DURING JANUARY-DECEMBER 2018 IN THE MAKASSAR STRAIT: AN IMPORTANT IMPLICATION FOR PELAGIC FISHERIES
Authors: Zainuddin Mukti , Mallawa Achmar , Safruddin Safruddin , Farhum St. Aisjah , Hidayat Rachmat , Sahni Putri Andi Rani , Ridwan Muhammad
Published: May 2020

Makassar Strait has been identified as an area of interesting studies for marine science and operational fisheries. It provides the unique ocean structures such as topographic feature, the main path of the Indonesia Throughflow (ITF) and dynamics of thermal fronts.  The aims of this study were to map the dynamic spatial and temporal of the thermal fronts, and to describe their implications to the pelagic fisheries. We used satellite data of sea surface temperature (SST) for the period of January-December 2018 with spatial and temporal resolutions of 4 km and monthly, respectively. For fishery data, we used sampling data of skipjack tuna fishing ground distributions in October and December 2018.  Thermal fronts throughout the year were estimated using a Single Image Edge Detection (SIED) algorithm and the available fishing ground data were overlain on the SST front map.  The results showed that the spatial distributions of thermal fronts along Makassar Strait tended to be different every month. However, the thermal fronts were consistently detected near the upwelling area from June to September. Skipjack tuna fishing grounds associated with fish aggregating devices (FADs) developed in the northern area of upwelling in October. Two month later, the FADs and free swimming skipjack fishing grounds again well formed around the same location. It implies that the formation of the thermal fronts after upwelling contributes the positive effect on development of pelagic fishery especially skipjack in Makassar Strait.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEAGRASS Thalassia hemprichii PERCENTAGE COVER AND THEIR BIOMASS
Authors: Mallombasi Andi , Mashoreng Supriadi , La Nafie Yayu A.
Published: May 2020

Seagrass has many functions and values, including as carbon sink. However, to estimate carbon in seagrass, it involves seagrass biomass harvesting which is laborious, costly, and destructive. This study aimed to find out the relationship between seagrass Thalassia hemprichii percent cover with their biomass which will provide alternative method for biomass estimation leading to an efficient, less cost and less destructive method for seagrass carbon stock estimation. Seagrass were sampled in Bonebatang island, South Sulawesi, and estimated their percent cover following SeagrassWatch Method from different seagrass condition and sediment type, as well as harvested for their biomass. In the lab, seagrass biomass was dried. Data was analyzed by using simple regression analysis. Results showed that there is a relatively strong relationship between percent cover and the belowground, aboveground and total biomass (R2 = 0.70; 0,81 and 8,3, respectively). Seagrass percent cover (seagrass health status, i.e. healthy, moderate and poor) also resulted a relatively strong influence on total seagrass biomass (R2>50%). However, apart from segarss percent cover, some other parameters are needed to be taken into consideration, such as seagrass densities and seagrass morphologies
The Contribution of Outdoor Education Activities to Enhance Indonesian Bullying Victims’ Resilience
Authors: Karisman Vicki Ahmad , Asmawi Moch. , Samsudin
Published: May 2020

This study is objectively intended to recognize the contribution of outdoor education activities on the students’ resilience.  Appropriate interventions are needed to enhance the resilience of elementary school students in the effort to overcome bullying. This study employed an experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The study’s participants consisted of 278 students (187 males of an average age of ±11.4 years, 91 females of an average age of ±11.6 years) from four schools at Cimahi. This study is an experimental research with one-group pretest-posttest design. Interventions were administered in 2-hour meetings over a 14-week period. The outdoor education activities implemented as interventions included hiking, climbing, orienteering, outdoor game, and camping. The research instrument employed was the Resilience Scale. The Paired Sample Test showed the significance level 0,000 < 0,05, it means that there was a significant improvement in the elementary school students’ resilience gained through the outdoor education activities. By this improvement, it is expected that outdoor education activities can equip the students psychologically to overcome any kind of bullying demeanor. In conclusion, the outdoor education activities could enhance the bullying victims’ resilience as the result showed that the implementation of outdoor education activities significantly effects on the students’ resilience.
The Influence of Exercise Model Using Video Media on Swimming Grabstart Skills for Deaf Children
Authors: Dwi Nata Anggri , Oktri Yeni Hilda , Surahman Fadli , Rusdi
Published: May 2020

The main problem of the research is the low mastery of the skills to start swimming deaf children. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the exercise model using video media on swimming grabstart skills in deaf children.Subjects were 40 deaf children consisting of 20 experimental groups and 20 control groups. Data collection was carried out by conducting initial tests to grabstart swimming skills, practice (training models using video media) and final tests of grabstart swimming skills. Data analysis and hypothesis testing using comparative analysis techniques using the Dependent sample t-test, namely Paired sample t-test and Independent sample t-test, namely t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances with a significant level α = 0.05Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that: 1) There is an effect of the exercise model using video media on swimming grabstart skills in deaf children from an average value of 51.05 to 64.94 with Tcount = 14.93> Ttable = 2.10, 2 ) There is an influence of the control group on swimming grabstart skills in deaf children from an average value of 47.89 to 52.69 with Tcount = 4.47> Ttable = 2.10. 3) There is a difference between the effect of the exercise model using video media with a control group with Tcount = 3.82> Ttable = 2.02.
Biomotor Profile of Taekwondo Athletes Poomsae Putera Age Under 14 years in East OKU Regency 2019
Authors: Sukmawati Noviria
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out: Biomotor Profile of Taekwondo Poomsae Athletes of Children Under 14 Years of Age in East OKU Regency in 2019. This research is a survey method, while the techniques and data collection use tests and measurements. The study subjects consisted of 13 people with age categories under 14 years. The results showed the data is based on the T Score in the category of very less percentage of 7.69% (1 athlete), in the category of less percentage of 38.46% (5 athletes), in the medium category a percentage of 15.38% (2 athletes), a good category of percentage of 23.08% (3 athletes), and very good category with a percentage of 15.38% (2 athletes). Based on the results of the analysis that the biomotor profile of male Poomsae taekwondo athletes based on the average value is included in the medium category, so for the trainers and athletes themselves to add more hours especially to do exercises related to taekwondo biomotor.

Keywords: Biomotor, Putera Athlete, Poomsae, Age 14 years
Sustainable and Adaptive Re-use of the Old Industrial Buildings as Cultural Buildings in China
Authors: Xiaoyu Wu
Published: May 2020

With the rapid expansion of the city in China, more and more old industrial buildings in cities become idle and abandoned. However, Old industrial buildings are carrying the history of a city and reflecting the urban development process so that renewal of the old industrial buildings has great value in the sense of cultural, aesthetic, ecological, economic, and sustainable development. How to reuse those buildings is worth studying. This paper, based on the principle of Adaptive Renewal and sustainable reuse, takes two typical successful cases to discuss how to reuse these old industrial buildings into culture ones in China.
Orthopaedic Documentation and Coding Primer for Telemedicine and Electronic Patient Communication for the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hinckley Nathaniel B. , Henley M. Bradford , McIntyre Louis , Stiefel Eric , Davidson James , Chhabra Anikar
Published: May 2020

➢ The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis has disrupted health care in the United States and globally, and the ability to treat patients as we did in the prepandemic environment has changed. The safety of patients and providers, the avoidance of unnecessary exposure, and the cancellation of elective procedures have prompted the use of telemedicine. In addition, many large institutions are without a functioning videoconferencing platform and the use of telephone visits has become essential.

➢ Several important changes have been made by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services to facilitate ease of access to telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic, including alternate place of service codes, visit time associated with evaluation and management services, and new Current Procedural Terminology codes for virtual visits with new patients.

➢ Although telemedicine visits do not allow for a hands-on physical examination, it is prudent for the medical provider to understand and learn the breadth of examination that may take place through an audio and video (when possible)-enabled virtual visit.
Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in general population of Myanmar via Nation wide study
Authors: Kyaw Yi Yi , Lwin Aye Aye , Aye Khin Saw , Thu Hlaing Myat , Htun Moh Moh , Soe Hnin Ohmar , Aye Kay Thi , Thant Kyaw Zin , Hwang Hyeon Jeong , Cheong JaeHun
Published: May 2020

Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a severe health concern worldwide. HBV is a DNA virus with a rapid rate of mutation. Based on the heterogeneity of the HBV nucleotide sequence, the HBV strains are divided into ten genotypes, A to J, with a characteristic geographical distribution. Identifying and tracking the changes of HBV genotypes is important in epidemiological and transmission studies, predicting the risk for the development of severe liver disease and response to antiviral treatment. The present study was conducted to detect HBV genotypes and sub-genotypes in general population of different states and regions in Myanmar. Methods A total of 5,547 general adult population who residing at seven states, seven regions and Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory were screened for Hepatitis B Surface antigen (HBsAg) by Immunochromatgraphic test (ICT) in 2015. Of 353 HBsAg positive samples, HBV DNA were detected by using polymerase chain reactions (PCR) targeting the DNA sequences encoding the Pre-S region. A total of 153 PCR positive samples were preceded for genotyping by partial genome sequencing of both directions. The resulting sequences were then edited, aligned and compared with reference sequences using National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) web based genotyping tool. Results Three HBV genotypes; HBV/ C, HBV/ D and HBV/ B were detected in Myanmar, in which genotype HBV/ C (66.7%) was the most prevalent genotype followed by HBV/ D (32%) and HBV/ B (1.3%) respectively. Sub-genotyping revealed a total of 7 sub-genotypes within genotypes B, C and D: two (B4 and B5) in HBV/ B, three (C1, C5 and C7) in HBV/C and two (D3 and D6) in HBV/ D. Conclusion Genotype HBV/C, sub-genotype C1 was the most predominant genotype distributed in all states and regions of Myanmar. This study was first report on Nation- wide distribution of HBV genotype and sub-genotypes in Myanmar and the findings will be a huge support for hepatitis disease surveillance programme which is the one of the National Priority Diseases in Myanmar.
Practical Value of Three-dimensional High Resolution Magnetic Resonance Vessel Wall Imaging in Identifying Suspicious Intracranial Vertebrobasilar Dissecting Aneurysms
Authors: Zhu Xianjin , Qiu Hancheng , Hui Ferdinand K , Zhang Yiqun , Liu Yun-e , Man Fengyuan , Jiang Wei-Jian
Published: May 2020

Background: Direct evidence of intimal flaps, double lumen and intramural haematomas (IMH) is difficult to detect on conventional angiography in most intracranial vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms (VBDAs). Our purpose was to assess the value of three-dimensional high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (3D HRMR VWI) for identifying VBDAs. Methods: Between August 2013 and January 2016, consecutive patients with suspicious VBDAs were prospectively enrolled to undergo catheter angiography and VWI (pre- and post-contrast). The lesion was diagnosed as definite VBDA when presenting direct signs of dissection; as possible when only presenting indirect signs; and as segmental ectasia when there was local dilation and wall thickness similar to adjacent normal artery’s without mural thrombosis. Results: Twenty-one patients with 27 lesions suspicious for VBDAs were finally included. Based on findings of VWI and catheter angiography, definite VBDA was diagnosed in 25 and 7 lesions (92.6%, vs 25.9%, p < 0.001), respectively; possible VBDA in 0 and 20 (0 vs 74.1%), respectively; and segmental ectasia in 2 and 0 (7.4% vs 0%), respectively. On VWI and catheter angiography, intimal flap was detected in 21 and 7 lesions (77.8% vs 25.9%, p=0.001), respectively; double lumen sign in 18 and 7 (66.7% vs 25.9%, p=0.003), respectively; and IMH sign in 14 and 0 (51.9% vs 0), respectively. Conclusions: 3D HRMR VWI could detect direct dissection signs more frequently than catheter angiography. This may help obtain definite diagnosis of intracranial VBDAs, and allow accurate differentiation between dissecting aneurysm and segmental ectasia as well. Further prospective study with larger sample was required to investigate the superiority of HRMR VWI for definite diagnosis of intracranial VBDAs than catheter angiography
Can we optimise doxorubicin treatment regimens for children with cancer? Pharmacokinetic simulations and a Delphi consensus procedure
Authors: Siebel Christian , Würthwein Gudrun , Lanvers-Kaminsky Claudia , André Nicolas , Berthold Frank , Castelli Ilaria , Chastagner Pascal , Doz François , English Martin , Escherich Gabriele , Frühwald Michael C. , Graf Norbert , Groll Andreas , Ruggiero Antonio , Hempel Georg , Boos Joachim
Published: May 2020

Background: Despite its cardiotoxicity doxorubicin is widely used for the treatment of paediatric malignancies. Current treatment regimens appear to be suboptimal as treatment strategies vary and do not follow a clear pharmacological rationale. Standardisation of dosing strategies in particular for infants and younger children is required but is hampered by scarcely defined exposure-response relationships. The aim is to provide a rational dosing concept allowing for a reduction of variability in systemic therapy intensity and subsequently unforeseen side effects. Methods: Doxorubicin plasma concentrations in paediatric cancer patients were simulated for different treatment schedules using a population pharmacokinetic model which considers age-dependent differences in doxorubicin clearance. Overall drug exposure and peak concentrations were assessed. Simulation results were used to support a three round Delphi consensus procedure with the aim to clarify the pharmacological goals of doxorubicin dosing in young children. A group of 28 experts representing paediatric trial groups and clinical centres were invited to participate in this process. Results: Pharmacokinetic simulations illustrated the substantial differences in therapy intensity associated with current dosing strategies. Consensus among the panel members was obtained on a standardised a priori dose adaptation that individualises doxorubicin doses based on age and body surface area targeting uniform drug exposure across children treated with the same protocol. Further, a reduction of peak concentrations in very young children by prolonged infusion was recommended. Conclusions: An approach to standardise current dose modification schemes in young children is proposed. The consented concept takes individual pharmacokinetic characteristics into account and involves adaptation of both the dose and the infusion duration potentially improving the safety of doxorubicin administration.
The prevalence of cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) and benefits of pre-emptive antifungal treatment among HIV-infected persons with CD4+ T-cell counts < 200 cells/μL: Evidence based on a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yao , Huang Xiaojie , Chen Hui , Qin Yuanyuan , Hou Jianhua , Li Aixin , Wu Hao , Yan Xiaofeng , Chen Yaokai
Published: May 2020

Background: Current WHO guidelines (2018) recommend screening for cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) in HIV-infected persons with CD4+ T cell counts<100 cells/μL, followed by pre-emptive antifungal therapy among CrAg positive (CrAg+) persons, to prevent cryptococcal meningitis related deaths. This strategy may also be considered for those persons with a CD4+ T cell count of < 200 cells/uL according the WHO guidelines. However, there is sparse evidence in the literature supporting CrAg screening and pre-emptive antifungal therapy in those HIV-infected persons with this CD4+ T cell counts<200 cells/μL. Objective: We aimed to assess the prevalence of CrAg in HIV-infected persons, and to assess the efficacy of pre-emptive antifungal therapy in CrAg+ persons with CD4+ T cell<200 cells/µL. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis using data extracted from randomized controlled studies (RCTs) and cohort studies found in a search of Pubmed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and the EMBASE/MEDLINE database. Results: The pooled prevalence of CrAg positivity in HIV-infected persons with CD4+ T cell counts<200 cells/µL was 5% (95%CI: 2-7). The incidence of CM in CrAg+ persons was 3% (95%CI: 1-6). Among those CrAg+ persons who did not receive pre-emptive treatment, or those who received placebo, the incidence of CM was 5% (95%CI: 2-9), whereas the incidence of CM among those who received pre-emptive antifungal therapy was 3% (95%CI: 1-6), which is a statistically significant reduction in incidence of 40% (RR: 7.64, 95%CI: 2.96-19.73, p <0.00001). As for persons with CD4+ T cell counts between 101~200 cells/µL, the risk ratio for the incidence of CM among those receiving placebo or no intervention was 1.15, compared to those receiving antifungal treatment (95%CI: 0.16-8.13). Conclusions: In our meta-analysis the incidence of CM was significantly reduced by pre-emptive antifungal therapy in CrAg+ HIV-infected persons with CD4<200 cells/µL. However, more specific observational data in persons with CD4+ T cell counts between 101~200 cells/µL are required in order to emphasize specific benefit of CrAg screening and pre-emptive antifungal treating in CrAg+ persons with CD4+ T cell counts <200 cells/µL.
The statistical importance of a study for a network meta-analysis estimate
Authors: Rücker Gerta , Nikolakopoulou Adriani , Papakonstantinou Theodoros , Salanti Georgia , Riley Richard D. , Schwarzer Guido
Published: May 2020

Background: In pairwise meta-analysis, the contribution of each study to the pooled estimate is given by its weight, which is defined based on the inverse variance of the estimate from that study. For network meta-analysis (NMA), the contribution of direct (and indirect) evidence is easily obtained from the diagonal elements of the hat matrix. It is, however, not fully clear how to generalize this to the percentage contribution of each study to a NMA estimate.

Methods: After briefly discussing available approaches, we want to question whether it is possible to obtain unique percentage contributions and discuss another approach. We define the importance of each study for a NMA estimate by the reduction of the estimate's variance when adding the given study to the others. An equivalent interpretation is the relative loss in precision when the study is left out.

Results: Importances are values between 0 and 1. An importance of 1 means that the study is an essential link of the pathway in the network connecting one of the treatments with the other. These numbers in general do not add to one and thus cannot be interpreted as `percentage contributions'.

Conclusions: Importances generalize the concept of weights in pairwise meta-analysis in a natural way. Moreover, they are uniquely defined, easily calculated, and have an intuitive interpretation. We give some real examples for illustration.
Identifying and selecting implementation theories, models and frameworks: a qualitative study to inform the development of a decision support tool
Authors: Strifler Lisa , Barnsley Jan M. , Hillmer Michael , Straus Sharon E.
Published: May 2020

Background: Implementation theories, models and frameworks offer guidance when implementing and sustaining healthcare evidence-based interventions. However, selection can be challenging given the myriad of potential options. We propose to inform a decision support tool to facilitate the appropriate selection of an implementation theory, model or framework in practice. To inform tool development, this study aimed to explore barriers and facilitators to identifying and selecting implementation theories, models and frameworks in research and practice, as well as end-user preferences for features and functions of the proposed tool.Methods: We used an interpretive descriptive approach to conduct semi-structured interviews with implementation researchers and practitioners in Canada, the United States and Australia. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim. Data were inductively coded by a single investigator with a subset of 20% coded independently by a second investigator and analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: Twenty-four individuals participated in the study. Categories of barriers/facilitators, to inform tool development, included characteristics of the individual or team conducting implementation and characteristics of the implementation theory, model or framework. Major barriers to selection included inconsistent terminology, poor fit with the implementation context and limited knowledge about and training in existing theories, models and frameworks. Major facilitators to selection included the importance of clear and concise language and evidence that the theory, model or framework was applied in a relevant health setting or context. Participants were enthusiastic about the development of a decision support tool that is user-friendly, accessible and practical. Preferences for tool features included key questions about the implementation intervention or project (e.g., purpose, stage of implementation, intended target for change) and a comprehensive list of relevant theories, models and frameworks to choose from along with a glossary of terms and the contexts in which they were applied.Conclusions: An easy to use decision support tool that addresses key barriers to selecting an implementation theory, model or framework in practice may be beneficial to individuals who facilitate implementation practice activities. Findings on end-user preferences for tool features and functions will inform tool development and design through a user-centered approach.
Identification of a novel Protein Disulfide-isomerase A3 (PDIA3) transcript variant as a potential biomarker associated with late stage prostate cancer
Authors: Cruz Maria Araceli Diaz , Karlsson Sandra , Szekeres Ferenc , Faresjö Maria , Lund Dan , Haux Johan , Larsson Dennis
Published: May 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
The loss of photosynthesis pathway and genomic locations of the lost plastid genes in a holoparasitic plant Aeginetia indica
Authors: Chen Jingfang , Yu Runxian , Dai Jinhong , Liu Ying , Zhou Renchao
Published: May 2020

Background: With three origins of holoparasitism, Orobanchaceae provides an ideal system to study the evolution of holoparasitic lifestyle in plants. The evolution of holoparasitism can be revealed by plastid genome degradation and coordinated changes in the nuclear genome, since holoparasitic plants lost the capability of photosynthesis. Among the three clades with holoparasitic plants in Orobanchaceae, only Clade VI has no available plastid genome sequences for holoparasitic plants. In this study, we sequenced the plastome and transcriptome of Aeginetia indica , a holoparasitic plant in Clade VI of Orobanchaceae, to study its plastome evolution and the corresponding changes in the nuclear genome as a response of the loss of photosynthetic function. Results: The plastome of A. indica is reduced to 86,212 bp in size, and almost all photosynthesis-related genes were lost. Massive fragments of the lost plastid genes were transferred into the mitochondrial and/or nuclear genomes. These fragments could not be detected in its transcriptomes, suggesting that they were non-functional. Most protein coding genes in the plastome showed the signal of relaxation of purifying selection. Plastome and transcriptome analyses indicated that the photosynthesis pathway is completely lost, and that the porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism pathway is partially retained, although chlorophyll synthesis is not possible. Conclusions: Our study suggests the loss of photosynthesis-related functions in A. indica in both the nuclear and plastid genomes. The lost plastid genes are transferred into its nuclear and/or mitochondrial genomes, and exist in very small fragments with no expression and are thus non-functional. The Aeginetia indica plastome also provides a resource for comparative studies on the repeated evolution of holoparasitism in Orobanchaceae.
The influence of system settings on positioning accuracy in acoustic telemetry, using the YAPS algorithm.
Authors: Vergeynst Jenna , Baktoft Henrik , Mouton Ans , De Mulder Tom , Nopens Ingmar , Pauwels Ine
Published: May 2020

Background: Acoustic positioning telemetry allows to collect large amounts of data on the movement of aquatic animals by use of autonomous receiver stations. Essential in this process is the conversion from raw signal detections to reliable positions. A new advancement in the domain is YAPS (Yet Another Positioning Solver), which combines the detection data on the receivers with a model of animal movement. This transparent, flexible and on-line available positioning algorithm overcomes problems related to traditional point-by-point positioning and filtering techniques. However, its performance has only been tested on data from one telemetry system, providing transmitters with stable burst interval. To investigate the performance of YAPS on different system parameters and settings, we conducted a simulation study. Results: This paper discusses the effect of varying burst types, burst intervals, number of observations, reflectivity levels of the environment, levels of out-of-array positioning and temporal receiver resolution on positioning accuracy. We found that a receiver resolution better than 1 ms is required for accurate fine-scale positioning. The positioning accuracy of YAPS increases with decreasing burst intervals, especially when the number of observations is low, when reflectivity is high or when information out-of-array is used. However, when the burst interval is stable, large burst intervals (in the order of 1 to 2 minutes) can be chosen without strongly hampering the accuracy (although this results in information loss). With random burst intervals, the accuracy can be much improved if the random sequence is known. Conclusions: As it turns out, the key to accurate positioning is the burst type. If a stable burst interval is not possible, the availability of the random sequence improves the positioning of random burst interval data significantly.
Effect of a nutrition education programme on the metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes mellitus at a Level 5 Hospital in Kenya: “a randomized controlled trial”
Authors: THUITA-Wambugu ANN Watetu , Kiage Beatrice Nyanchama , Onyango Arnold N , Anselimo Makokha O
Published: May 2020

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), is a life-threatening condition of global public health concern. It worsens in the presence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a complex disorder characterized by co-occurrence of at least three of such factors as hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. However, lifestyle interventions reduce the risk of both MetS and T2D, and nutrition education can empower individuals on the appropriate lifestyle changes. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of a nutrition education programme, with and without inclusion of peer to peer support, on MetS in T2D patients. Methods This was a randomized controlled trial with two intervention groups and one control. One of the intervention groups involved a nutrition education programme with peer-to-peer support (NEP); the other involved only the education program, while the control received standard care. Each group had 51 participants. The nutrition education programme was conducted for 2h per week for 8 weeks. In addition, the NEP had weekly peer-to-peer interactions for 8 weeks. All groups had follow-up sessions for 6 months. Data on MetS risk factors as well as food intake patterns and physical activity levels were taken at baseline and at different time points during the study. Analysis of Co-variance and regression were used in the analysis. Results: The MetS prevalence improved in the NEP (90% to 52%) and NE (86% to 69%),while it worsened in C (88% to 91%). There was improvement in the mean values of the anthropometric parameters in the NEP and NE which worsened in the control group. There was a general improvement in mean values of blood lipids, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c in all the groups, with NEP showing the greatest improvements, followed by NE, except for triglycerides and HDL where the control group had better improvement than the NE. Changes in the anthropometric and metabolic indicators mirrored the changes in food intake patterns and physical activity, where the greatest improvements occurred in the NEP. Conclusions: Nutrition education with inclusion of peer to peer support was of clinical benefit in improving metabolic outcomes and reducing MetS in T2D patients.
The consequences of regular methamphetamine use in tehran: qualitative content analysis
Authors: Lebni Javad Yoosefi , Ziapour Arash , Qorbani Mostafa , Baygi Fereshteh , Mirzaei Amin , Safari Omid , Rastegarimehr Babk , Khosravi Bahar , Mansourian Morteza
Published: May 2020

Background: In recent years, methamphetamine use has increased noticeably in Iran, and this can make harmful consequences for the health of individuals and society. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the consequences of regular methamphetamine use in Tehran.Methods: This study was conducted based on a conventional content analysis approach. Data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews with 20 regular adult users of methamphetamine in Tehran (including 15 males and 5 females). Participants were selected using snowball sampling and purposeful sampling, which continued until data saturation. Guba and Lincoln's criteria were used to assess the strength of the study.Results: The extraction of the codes resulted in three main categories: (1)the short-term consequences, consisting of the sub-categories of individual and social consequences, (2) the long-term consequences, consisting of the sub-categories of psychological and physical consequences, high-risk behaviors, severely decayed memory and changes in the eating pattern, and (3) hallucinations and delusions including the sub-categories of visual and auditory hallucinations, persecutory delusions and delusion of having supernatural power.Conclusion: Regular methamphetamine use may have serious adverse effects on the overall health of individuals. It is therefore highly recommended that educational programs must implement with the use of methamphetamine in the high- risk groups in order to raise awareness and change attitudes about the short and long term consequences. is highly recommended.
Single-stage treatment of chronic localized tibial osteomyelitis with local debridement and antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate implantation：a retrospective study of 42 patients.
Authors: Zhou Chun-Hao , Ren Ying , Adem Abdulnassir , Meng Xiang-Qing , Zhang Hong-An , Fang Jia , Qin Cheng-He
Published: May 2020

Background: Although various methods have been introduced, the management of chronic tibial osteomyelitis remains a challenge. This study aims to assess a combined treatment method, local debridement combined with antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate implantation, for the management of the local (Cierny-Mader type III) tibial osteomyelitis.Methods: 42 patients (43 limbs) with type III tibial osteomyelitis, from January 2012 to December 2018, who received the treatment method mentioned above were included in the study. The infection remission rate, recurrence rate, complication rate and bone healing rate were respectively analyzed. Results: With a mean follow-up of 42.8 months, 38 limbs (37 patients) (88.4%, 38/43) achieved infection remission without recurrence. Among those patients pain, limitation of movement, sinus tracts, topical redness and swelling were generally eliminated. Only 4 patients felt slight pain after a long-distance walk, while another 6 patients showed minor but acceptable discomfort in affected limbs. 5 patients (11.6%) suffered from osteomyelitis recurrence that required secondary surgical and medical treatment, but no amputation was necessary to eliminate the infection. Prolonged aseptic drainage was the most frequent complication that was observed in 13 patients (30.0%). They were successfully managed by appropriate wound caring in 10 patients and by surgical intervention, months later, in 3 patients. According to the final X-ray’s examination, bone losses caused by local debridement were generally repaired, though the shape of the tibia was not well restored to its initial form in 17 limbs. No fracture was recorded during follow-up. Conclusion: Local debridement combined with antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate implantation is effective and safe in a single-stage treatment of chronic Cierny-Mader III tibial osteomyelitis.
Research priorities for rehabilitation and aging with HIV: a framework from the Canada-International HIV and Rehabilitation Research Collaborative (CIHRRC)
Authors: O'Brien Kelly K , Ibáñez-Carrasco Francisco , Solomon Patricia , Harding Richard , Brown Darren , Ahluwalia Puja , Carusone Soo Chan , Baxter Larry , Emlet Charles , Restall Gayle , Casey Alan , Ahluwalia Amrita , Quigley Adria , Terpstra Alex , Ononiwu Nkem
Published: May 2020

Background: People living with HIV are living longer, and can experience physical, mental and social health challenges associated with aging and multimorbidity. Rehabilitation is well positioned to address disability and maximize healthy aging. An international collaborative network, called the Canada-International HIV and Rehabilitation Research Collaborative (CIHRRC), works to guide this emerging field. In this article, we report findings from CIHRRC’s aim to identify emerging research priorities in HIV, aging and rehabilitation from the perspectives of people living with HIV, clinicians, researchers, representatives from community organizations and policy stakeholders. Methods: We conducted a multi-stakeholder multi-method international consultation with people living with HIV, researchers, clinicians and representatives of community-based organizations to identify research priorities in HIV, aging and rehabilitation. Stakeholders identified research priorities during a one-day International Forum comprised of presentations and facilitated discussion. We collated and analyzed data using content analytical techniques, resulting in a framework of research priorities. Results: Sixty-nine stakeholders from countries including Canada (n=62;90%), the United Kingdom (n=5;7%), United States (n=1;1%) and Australia (n=1;1%) attended the International Forum on HIV, Aging and Rehabilitation. Stakeholders represented community-based organizations (n=20;29%), academic institutions (n=18;26%), community or institutional healthcare organizations (n=11;16%), research or knowledge production organizations (n=10;14%), and organizations representing government or industry (n=10;14%). The Framework of Research Priorities in HIV, Aging and Rehabilitation includes seven research priorities: 1) nature, extent and impact of disability, concurrent health conditions and chronic inflammation with HIV; 2) prevalence, severity and impact of frailty; 3) community and social participation aging with HIV; 4) strategies for chronic disease management and healthy aging with HIV; 5) facilitators and barriers to access to and engagement in, rehabilitation; 6) effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions for healthy aging with HIV; and 7) advancing development and use of patient reported outcome measures in HIV and aging. The Framework highlights methodological considerations to approach the priorities and the importance of knowledge translation and exchange to apply research knowledge into practice, programs and policy. Conclusions: These priorities offer a foundation for collaboration among international and multidisciplinary teams to advance the field of HIV, aging and rehabilitation in order to promote healthy aging with HIV.