bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pd-catalysed direct β-C(sp3)–H fluorination of aliphatic carboxylic acids
Authors: Mal Sourjya , Jurk Friedrich , Hiesinger Kerstin , van Gemmeren Manuel
Published: June 2024

The ever-increasing demand for fluorinated molecules due to their widespread applications has raised substantial interest in the development of new synthetic methodologies that selectively introduce fluorine into molecular scaffolds. While transition-metal-catalysed fluorination reactions in principle provide a direct means to convert inert C–H bonds into C–F bonds, fundamental challenges such as the high energetic barriers associated with the formation of C–F bonds by reductive elimination, among others, remain to be systematically addressed. Carboxylic acids, owing to their versatile synthetic utility in organic synthesis, serve as ideal model substrates in this context. Here we report a protocol that enables the β-C(sp3)–H fluorination of free carboxylic acids, giving access to a wide range of fluorinated carboxylic acids. The rational design of the oxidizing reagent proved to be crucial in establishing the protocol and introduces an additional design dimension to the field of C–H activation.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER): a crucial cellular hub in flavivirus infection and potential target site for antiviral interventions
Authors: Verhaegen Marijke , Vermeire Kurt
Published: June 2024

Dengue virus (DENV) is the most prevalent arthropod-borne flavivirus and imposes a significant healthcare threat worldwide. At present no FDA-approved specific antiviral treatment is available, and the safety of a vaccine against DENV is still on debate. Following its entry into the host cell, DENV takes advantage of the cellular secretory pathway to produce new infectious particles. The key organelle of the host cell in DENV infections is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) which supports various stages throughout the entire life cycle of flaviviruses. This review delves into the intricate interplay between flaviviruses and the ER during their life cycle with a focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying viral replication, protein processing and virion assembly. Emphasizing the significance of the ER in the flavivirus life cycle, we highlight potential antiviral targets in ER-related steps during DENV replication and summarize the current antiviral drugs that are in (pre)clinical developmental stage. Insights into the exploitation of the ER by DENV offer promising avenues for the development of targeted antiviral strategies, providing a foundation for future research and therapeutic interventions against flaviviruses.
Comparative analysis of a bulk optode based on a valinomycin ionophore and a nano-optode in micelles with pluronic F-127 for the quantification of potassium in aqueous solutions
Authors: Villanueva Miguel , Vega-Chacón Jaime , Picasso Gino
Published: June 2024

BO and NO show linear calibration for K+ with wide concentration ranges. NO outperforms BO in selectivity, precision, and stability over time. Optimal composition [1 : 1 : 1] ratio for both optodes enhances K+ quantification.
Human biomonitoring of serum polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives by gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Rong , Shi Chenwen , Li Xiaojing , Gan Pingsheng , Pan Xinhong , Peng Rongfei , Tan Lei
Published: June 2024

While polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are well-known for their potential carcinogenic and mutagenic effects, the health implications of exposure to oxygenated PAHs, with increased persistence and bioaccumulation, are less understood.
Ameliorated trap density and energetic disorder via a strengthened intermolecular interaction strategy to construct efficient non-halogenated organic solar cells
Authors: Gao Shenzheng , Zhang Yimin , Jeong Seonghun , Zhou Xinjie , Xu Hao , Xu Shanlei , Chen Daqiang , Liu Wenzhu , Yang Changduk , Meng Sheng , Zhu Weiguo , Song Xin
Published: June 2024

The efficiency of non-halogenated organic solar cells is improved from 17.1% to 19.4% after dibenzyl ether (DBE) additive treatment. More strikingly, the thick-film devices achieved a champion efficiency of 17.4%.
Over 19.2% efficiency of layer-by-layer organic photovoltaics enabled by a highly crystalline material as an energy donor and nucleating agent
Authors: Tian Hongyue , Ni Yuheng , Zhang Wenqing , Xu Yujie , Zheng Bing , Jeong Sang Young , Wu Sijian , Ma Zaifei , Du Xiaoyan , Hao Xiaotao , Woo Han Young , Huo Lijun , Ma Xiaoling , Zhang Fujun
Published: June 2024

By introducing highly crystalline material D18A into donor layer acting as energy donor and nucleating agent, an optimal PCE of 19.25% was achieved for PM1 : D18A/L8-BO based OPVs.
Molecularly tailored perovskite/poly(3-hexylthiophene) interfaces for high-performance solar cells
Authors: Li Ming-Hua , Ma Xinbo , Fu Jiaju , Wang Shuo , Wu Jinpeng , Long Run , Hu Jin-Song
Published: June 2024

An effective molecular engineering strategy using tailorable phosphine ligands was developed to modulate the perovskite/P3HT interface to alleviate the recombination loss and maximize the device voltage for perovskites with various bandgaps.
Mobility of soil-biodegradable nanoplastics in unsaturated porous media affected by protein-corona
Authors: Yu Yingxue , Qafoku Odeta , Kovarik Libor , Astner Anton F. , Hayes Douglas G. , Flury Markus
Published: June 2024

Soil-biodegradable plastic has been increasingly used as mulches in agriculture, which provides not only agronomical benefits but also in situ disposal and biodegradation options.
Engineering the core–shell structure CoMnOx@OTS cubic catalyst with excellent water resistance for low-temperature catalytic combustion of VOCs
Authors: Wang Jie , Dong Fang , Yang Dan , Han Weiliang , Han Weigao , Tang Zhicheng , Niu Lei
Published: June 2024

The encapsulation of an octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) coating on the surface of CoMnOx nanocubes can improve their water resistance.
Design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationship studies of 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazole derivatives as necroptosis inhibitors
Authors: Jin Zechen , Dai Yang , Ji Yinchun , Peng Xia , Duan Wenhu , Ai Jing , Zhang Hefeng
Published: June 2024

This study reported a series of 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazole derivatives with potent RIPK1 inhibitory activity and anti-necroptotic activity in both human and mouse cellular assays.
Chemical synthesis and immunological evaluation of cancer vaccines based on ganglioside antigens and α-galactosylceramide
Authors: Romanò Cecilia , Jiang Hao , Tahvili Sahar , Wei Peng , Keiding Ulrik B. , Clergeaud Gael , Skovbakke Sarah Line , Blomberg Anne Louise , Hafkenscheid Lise , Henriksen Jonas R. , Andresen Thomas L. , Goletz Steffen , Hansen Anders E. , Christensen Dennis , Clausen Mads H.
Published: June 2024

iNKT cells – often referred to as the “Swiss Army knife” of the immune system – have emerged as central players in cancer vaccine therapies.
An ionically cross-linked composite hydrogel electrolyte based on natural biomacromolecules for sustainable zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Ge Haoyang , Qin Liping , Zhang Bingyao , Jiang Long , Tang Yan , Lu Bingan , Tian Siyu , Zhou Jiang
Published: June 2024

An ionically cross-linked composite hydrogel electrolyte based on biomacromolecules is developed to enable highly reversible zinc anode, thereby improving the electrochemical performance of sustainable and flexible zinc-ion batteries.
Dynamics of terminal fraying–peeling and hydrogen bonds dictates the sequential vs. cooperative melting pathways of nanoscale DNA and PNA triplexes
Authors: Mandal Sandip , Ganesh Krishna N. , Maiti Prabal K.
Published: June 2024

Two-step melting of DNA–DNA–DNA triplex vs. one-step cooperative melting of PNA–DNA–PNA triplex.
Advances in functionalization and conjugation mechanisms of dendrimers with iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Habib Salma , Talhami Mohammed , Hassanein Amani , Mahdi Elsadig , AL-Ejji Maryam , Hassan Mohammad K. , Altaee Ali , Das Probir , Hawari Alaa H.
Published: June 2024

The various functionalization and conjugation mechanisms of dendrimers with magnetic nanoparticles (MPNs).
Electrically tunable non-radiative lifetime in WS2/WSe2 heterostructures
Authors: Wang Anran , Wu Xingguang , Zhao Siwen , Han Zheng Vitto , Shi Yi , Cerullo Giulio , Wang Fengqiu
Published: June 2024

We have investigated the pronounced gate-dependent lifetimes in WS2/WSe2 heterostructures, which are related to the doping-controlled competition between different recombination pathways.
A multifunctional protein pre-coated metal–organic framework for targeted delivery with deep tissue penetration
Authors: Oh Jun Yong , Seu Min-Seok , Barui Ayan Kumar , Ok Hae Won , Kim Dohyun , Choi Eunshil , Seong Junmo , Lah Myoung Soo , Ryu Ja-Hyoung
Published: June 2024

Multifunctional proteins were supramolecular conjugated to metal–organic framework for overcoming extracellular matrix of tumor microenvironment and targeting cancer cell.
Leveraging in situ N-tosylhydrazones as diazo surrogates for efficient access to pyrazolo-[1,5-c]quinazolinone derivatives
Authors: Yan Jun , Retailleau Pascal , Tran Christine , Hamze Abdallah
Published: June 2024

We developed a transition metal-free methodology for the construction of pyrazoloquinazolinone derivatives.
Direct synthesis of gold(iii)-annulated perylene diimides via multiple C–H aurations
Authors: Chen Wei , Yang Qing-Yu , Wu Kongchuan , Lin Jianbin , Zhang Hui-Jun
Published: June 2024

We present a direct synthesis of novel gold(iii)-annulated perylene diimides, namely Au-PDIs and Au2-PDIs, from ortho-pyridyl-substituted PDIs. This strategy is expected to unlock the potential of diverse transition metal-annulated PDIs.
Enantioselective phosphine-catalyzed [6 + 1] annulations of α-allyl allenoates with 1,1-bisnucleophiles
Authors: Lai Jingxiong , Cai Wei , Huang You
Published: June 2024

A phosphine catalyzed [6 + 1] annulation of α-allyl allenoates is achieved. Both seven-membered N-heterocycles and carbocycles were synthesized. Mechanistic experiments have verified the 1,6-biselectrophilic intermediate from 1,6-dipole.
Ambipolar conjugated ladder polymers by room-temperature Knoevenagel polymerization
Authors: Zhao Lingli , Wu Zeng , Qin Hanwen , Bin Guangxiong , Gao Junxiang , Zeng Weixuan , Zhao Yan , Chen Huajie
Published: June 2024

Two soluble cyanated ladder-like polymers featuring a nonalternant conjugated structure and desirable ambipolar charge-transport properties were synthesized through a room-temperature Knoevenagel polycondensation strategy.
Mixed-ligand, radical, gold bis(dithiolene) complexes: from single-component conductors to controllable NIR-II absorbers
Authors: Kharraz Haia , Alemany Pere , Canadell Enric , Le Gal Yann , Roisnel Thierry , Cui Hengbo , Kim Kee Hoon , Fourmigué Marc , Lorcy Dominique
Published: June 2024

The NIR absorption of radical, mixed-ligand, gold bis(dithiolene) complexes [Au(dtA)(dtD)]˙, also used as single component conductors, is found in the looked-after NIR-II 1000–1400 nm absorption range.
Structure-enabled long-lived charge separation in single crystals of an asymmetric donor–acceptor perylenediimide cyclophane
Authors: Williams Malik L. , Coleman Adam F. , Peinkofer Kathryn R. , Young Ryan M. , Wasielewski Michael R.
Published: June 2024

Pre-organizing donor–acceptor structural motifs to elicit specific crystal morphologies can lead to enhanced photogenerated charge carrier lifetimes for solar energy conversion.
Synergistic construction of an iron nitride embedded graphitic carbon nitride heterostructure electrocatalyst as a potential candidate to accelerate overall water electrolysis
Authors: Ashok Venkatachalam , Gayathri Arunagiri , Vijayarangan Murugan , Jayabharathi Jayaraman
Published: June 2024

A synergistic construction of an iron nitride embedded graphitic carbon nitride heterostructured electrocatalyst via the solid-state pyrolysis method explores potential bifunctional activity towards overall water splitting.
Swimmers at interfaces enhance interfacial transport
Authors: Deng Jiayi , Molaei Mehdi , Chisholm Nicholas G. , Clarke Scarlett E. , Stebe Kathleen J.
Published: June 2024

Swimmer-induced tracer displacements and swimmer–swimmer pair interactions at fluid interfaces are explored using analysis and experiments based on understanding of interfacial flow around a pusher bacterium.
Free-standing metal–organic frameworks on electrospun core–shell graphene nanofibers for flexible hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Hussain Nissar , Abbas Zahir , Nabeela Kallayi , Mobin Shaikh M.
Published: June 2024

The development of wearable and flexible energy storage devices depends on freestanding and flexible electrodes.
Recyclable, ultralow-hysteresis, multifunctional wearable sensors based on water-permeable, stretchable, and conductive cellulose/PEDOT:PSS hybrid films
Authors: Wibowo Anky Fitrian , Nagappan Saravanan , Nurmaulia Entifar Siti Aisyah , Kim Jung Ha , Sembiring Yulia Shara br , Han Joo Won , Oh Junghwan , Xie Guohua , Lee Jonghee , Kim Jincheol , Chan Lim Dong , Moon Myoung-Woon , Kim Min-Seok , Kim Soyeon , Kim Yong Hyun
Published: June 2024

This study presents a method to prepare stretchable, conductive, water-permeable, and recyclable hybrid films using hydroxyethyl cellulose and PEDOT:PSS for eco-friendly sensors, with high sensitivity, low power consumption, and low hysteresis.
Ferromagnetic Dirac half-metallicity in edge-modified zigzag boron nitride nanoribbons
Authors: Khan Sikandar , Chen Sheng , Wang Weiyi , Liu Xiaofeng , Hu Wei
Published: June 2024

Fully spin polarized Dirac fermions, with tunable gaps and room temperature ferromagnetism are discovered, by passivating single and both edges of ZBNNRs.
Lateral homojunctions of WSe2 through contact surface engineering with SF6 plasma etching
Authors: Li Yubao , Wang Huiping , Yang Xiaolin , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2024

SF6 plasma etching was developed as a contact surface pre-treatment to achieve efficient n-doping in multilayer WSe2 nanosheets and build lateral homojunctions exhibiting superb photovoltaic properties and self-powered wide-spectrum photodetection.
van der Waals gap modulation of graphene oxide through mono-Boc ethylenediamine anchoring for superior Li-ion batteries
Authors: Mandal Sneha , Pillai Vijayamohanan K. , Ranjana Ponraj Mano , K M Thushara , Bhagavathsingh Jebasingh , Grage Stephan L. , Peng Xihong , Kang Jeon Woong , Liepmann Dorian , Kannan Arunachala Nadar Mada , Thavasi Velmurugan , Renugopalakrishnan Venkatesan
Published: June 2024

Li-ion batteries stand out among energy storage systems due to their higher energy and power density, cycle life, and high-rate performance.
Exploration of bismuth-based materials for photocatalytic decomposition of N2O
Authors: Atri Shalu , Uma Sitharaman , Nagarajan Rajamani , Gregor Maros , Roch Tomas , Filip Edelmannova Miroslava , Reli Martin , Koci Kamila , Motola Martin , Monfort Olivier
Published: June 2024

Investigation of bismuth-based materials for the photocatalytic decomposition of N2O.
Time‐optimal finite control set model predictive control of non‐isolated DC–DC converters
Authors: Harzig Thibaut , Grainger Brandon
Published: June 2024

The authors propose a time‐optimal finite control‐set model predictive control (FCS‐MPC) formulation, generalised to the three most common non‐isolated DC–DC converters (buck, boost, buck–boost) tracking a constant switching frequency. The generalised switching model is used to formulate natural trajectories and the internal dynamic model for all three converters. The proposed FCS‐MPC also allows the control designer to implement current and voltage constraints to limit current spikes and voltage deviations, respectively. The proposed FCS‐MPC is compared to classical FCS‐MPC and boundary controllers that also use natural trajectories for time optimality but at the cost of large voltage deviations. Classical FCS‐MPC, time‐optimal boundary control and the proposed FCS‐MPC have been implemented in PLECS for all three converters. The current constraint does not impact control performance while the voltage constraint improves voltage deviation performances without significantly impacting the control speed compared to time‐optimal boundary control. Finally, a hardware implementation of the proposed FCS‐MPC on a buck converter proves that the control scheme is time optimal and mitigates current spikes while operating at a constant switching frequency at steady‐state.
Recent developments of demand‐side management towards flexible DER‐rich power systems: A systematic review
Authors: Mousa Hossam H. H. , Mahmoud Karar , Lehtonen Matti
Published: June 2024

Recently, various distributed energy resources are significantly integrated into the modern power systems. This introduction of distributed energy resource‐rich systems can cause various power quality issues, due to their uncertainties and capacity variations. Therefore, it is crucial to establish energy balance between generation and demand to improve power system's reliability and stability and to minimize energy costs without sacrificing customers’ comfort or utility. In this regard, power system flexibility concept is highlighted as a robust and cost‐effective energy management system, especially on the demand side, to provide consumers’ demands with an acceptable level of power quality. Accordingly, here, a comprehensive review of recent developments in the power system flexibility and demand‐side management strategies and demand response programs are provided to include mainly classifications, estimation methods, distributed energy resource modelling approaches, infrastructure requirements, and applications. In addition, current research topics for applying power system flexibility solutions and demand‐side management strategies based on modern power system operation are deliberated. Also, prominent challenges, research trends, and future perspectives are discussed. Finally, this review article aims to be an appropriate reference for comprehensive research trends in the power system flexibility concept in general and in demand‐side management strategies and demand response programs, specifically.
Optimal placement of electric vehicle charging infrastructures utilizing deep learning
Authors: Alansari Mohamad , Al‐Sumaiti Ameena Saad , Abughali Ahmed
Published: June 2024

The increasing level of air pollution caused by the transport sector necessitates countries to adopt Electric Vehicles (EVs). To espouse EVs, the charging infrastructures' location should be optimal to fulfill the mass‐market consumer needs and reduce the governmental expenses. In this work, the placement of two categories of charging infrastructures, specifically Charging Station (CS) and Dynamic Wireless Charging (DWC) infrastructure is planned in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE) as a case study. For this study, Dubai is divided into 14 districts as per its new addressing system, and the allocation of the two types of charging infrastructures is based on the projection of population growth, EVs adoption forecasting, and other factors with the objective of meeting the consumers' needs and minimizing the government's expenditure. The proposal introduces a novel hybrid model for forecasting, integrating the strengths of the Seasonal AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average with eXogenous regressors (SARIMAX) model for capturing time‐series statistical characteristics, and the deep learning Attention‐based Convolutional Neural Network (ACNN) for modeling nonlinear relationships in time‐series data. The model's effectiveness was validated through comparative analyses against state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) models on standard benchmarks, showing significant improvements: 29.70% reduction in Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and 19.15% reduction in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE).
Performance Analysis of Stand-Alone Wind Energy Power Conversion System
Authors: Singar Mahendra Kumar , Nachappa M.N. , Gautam Chandra Kant , Kulhar Kuldeep Singh
Published: June 2024

Earlier, the production of electricity was primarily reliant on non-renewable sources such as coal and diesel. However, these sources have limited availability and will eventually be depleted. Therefore, it is crucial to shift our focus towards renewable sources for electricity generation. Wind energy is considered one of the cleanest and most sustainable forms of renewable energy. The cost and maintenance associated with generating electricity from wind energy are significantly lower compared to other sources. However, the irregular flow of wind energy makes it challenging to directly convert it into electrical form. To address this issue, Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) are required. WECS can be utilized in both gridconnected and stand-alone systems to meet their respective load demands. One of the main concerns with WECS is the mechanical safety and the output power of the system. The inconsistent supply of wind can lead to wear and tear of the turbine blades. To prevent this, a pitch control system is implemented to regulate the blades’ angle. Additionally, the rotational speed of the rotor is affected by improper wind supply, which ultimately impacts the output power. To maximize the power output from the rotor, an MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) control scheme is employed. In this study, a DC load system representing a telecom base station is used as the base system to analyze the control scheme under various wind profiles using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Performance Investigation of SRM Based In-wheel Electrical Vehicle
Authors: Manoj Vasupalli , Hemanth Kumar Ch. , Yegireddy Narendra Kumar
Published: June 2024

In this paper, performance of the SRM based, battery operated in-wheel electrical vehicle is investigated. The model of 500W, 8/6 pole, four phase SRM is used with asymmetric bridge converter and low-frequency PWM controller. Passive loading scheme is used to simulate the complete system model of the in-wheel SRM drive. Top speed, kilometer per charge, time to accelerate from 0 to 60 km/hour, peak current, peak power, average power, Furthermore fixedangle control based regenerative braking scheme is proposed to improve the efficiency of the drive.
Electric Vehicle Energy Management: Charging in Sustainable Urban Settings for Smart Cities
Authors: Doda Devendra Kumar , N Beemkumar , Awasthi Aishwary , Gautam Anupam Kumar
Published: June 2024

The evolution of smart cities has ushered in a new era of sustainable urban living, with energy management at its core. This paper offers a comprehensive review of the energy-related planning and operational models within the smart city framework, categorizing them into five primary intervention areas: generation, storage, infrastructure, facilities, and transport. The intricate relationship between smart cities and electric vehicles (EVs) is explored, emphasizing the need for robust charging infrastructures and forecasting peak loads. As the adoption of EVs surges, challenges such as power grid strain, voltage fluctuations, and power losses become more pronounced. Innovative solutions leveraging machine learning, including techniques like LSTM, DNN, and SVM, have been proposed to manage EV charging, ensuring efficiency and minimizing costs. Furthermore, the integration of EVs into smart cities is not without its challenges. Beyond the technical aspects, economic, social, and environmental challenges arise, necessitating a holistic approach for seamless integration. This review underscores the importance of a multifaceted strategy, encompassing all aspects of EV integration, to realize the vision of truly sustainable and smart urban centres.
Performance Analysis of Induction Motor based PV Feed Water Pumping System with Small Signal Analysis
Authors: Shukla Gaurav , Sharma Vishal , T Ramachandran , Guputa Rajesh
Published: June 2024

Photovoltaic (PV) powered water pumping systems utilizing induction motors are becoming increasingly popular in different regions. The lack of storage devices in the system enhances its cost-efficiency. Efficient energy management is crucial for maintaining power balance within the system, and this can be achieved through the implementation of an effective control technique. A small signal analysis is performed to optimize the parameters of the controllers used in order to analyze the system. The dynamic behavior of the PV-based water pumping system, which is powered by an induction motor and regulated by a vector controller, is analyzed by converting its non-linear model into a linear model. The paper discusses the design of parameters for two PI controllers utilized to regulate the PV terminal voltage and motor speed, based on the transfer function derived from the linear model. The study also showcases the small signal function’s reaction through MATLAB, with adjustments made to the reference dc-link voltage. Additionally, a comprehensive stepby-step mathematical analysis is included to enhance the overall understanding and analysis of the system.
Artificial Intelligence-Driven Energy Platforms: Applications and Challenges
Authors: Mishra Nidhi , Choubey Shilpi
Published: June 2024

Artificial Intelligence is a popular topic these days. It is believed that artificial intelligence will be the solution to all existing societal problems, reducing human effort while also improving human interpretation of the world around them. Artificial intelligence, within the realm of computer science, is focused on developing machines capable of emulating human thought processes, operations, and adaptability. At present, artificial intelligence finds utility across diverse domains, including but not limited to medicine, engineering, agriculture, self-driving vehicles, and aviation. Another emerging arena for AI deployment is in energy platforms. This paper delves into the applications of artificial intelligence and their significance in fostering sustainability across various trends. Consequently, it provides insights and analysis regarding the longterm viability of AI, encompassing environmental and economic development. Furthermore, it highlights the positive impact of AI applications on sustainable development, encompassing aspects such as fulfilling energy requirements, generating employment opportunities, and enhancing environmental preservation.
Implementation of Genetic Algorithm for Optimal Power Flow with Thyristor-controlled series compensator
Authors: Bhagya Lakshmi M. , Deepak Karanam , Asfiya  , Jyothirmai Nelluru , Madhumitha Molagari , Pavithra Vadde , Swathi Sankati
Published: June 2024

Finding the Optimal power flow for a multi-bus power system with a TCSC is crucial for reducing system costs while maximizing performance. To identify the best solution in such systems, a genetic algorithm (GA) should be implemented with multi objective function by including minimization of losses, fuel consumption, and increase the system performance. The fuel consumption parameter and optimal power flow settings needs to be obtained by basic optimal power flow solution under various operating conditions in multi bus system. Both active power losses and reactive power compensation are taken into consideration by the objective function. An effective GA is used to evaluate the IEEE 30 and 75 bus system in order to find the best power flow when employing TCSC. This report presents MATLAB-based data to verify the suggested strategy.
Authentication Technique for Safeguarding Privacy in Smart Grid Settings
Authors: Pragathi B. , Ramu P.
Published: June 2024

As a way to address issues like the depletion of energy sources and efficient energy management through the convergence of multiple fields, interest in green energy has been growing recently. As a result, the intelligent electrical grid, or “smart grid,” projects are being completed quickly in order to achieve low-carbon, green growth. But because IT is primarily focused on the electrical grid, there is a shortage of IT in smart grids as well, and the complexity of convergence is making the issue worse. There is also a growing concern about this issue because different personal data and payment information within the smart grid are progressively turning into big data and becoming a target for external intrusion and attack.
Heparin resistance management during cardiac surgery: a literature review and future directions
Authors: Butt Salman Pervaiz , Kakar Vivek , Kumar Arun , Razzaq Nabeel , Saleem Yasir , Ali Babar , Raposo Nuno , Ashiq Fazil , Ghori Arshad , Anderson Philip , Srivatav Nilesh , Aljabery Yazan , Abdulaziz Salman , Darr Umer , Bhatnagar Gopal
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Heparin, a commonly used anticoagulant in cardiac surgery, binds to antithrombin III (ATIII) to prevent clot formation. However, heparin resistance (HR) can complicate surgical procedures, leading to increased thromboembolic risks and bleeding complications. Proper diagnosis and management of HR are essential for optimizing surgical outcomes. Methodology: Diagnosis of HR involves assessing activated clotting time (ACT) and HR assays. Management strategies were identified through a comprehensive review of the literature, including studies exploring heparin dosage adjustments, antithrombin supplementation, and alternative anticoagulants in cardiac surgery patients with HR. A thorough search of relevant studies on HR was conducted using multiple scholarly databases and relevant keywords, resulting in 59 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Discussion: HR occurs when patients do not respond adequately to heparin therapy, requiring higher doses or alternative anticoagulants. Mechanisms of HR include AT III deficiency, PF4 interference, and accelerated heparin clearance. Diagnosis involves assessing ACT and HR assays. HR in cardiac surgery can lead to thromboembolic events, increased bleeding, prolonged hospital stays, and elevated healthcare costs. Management strategies include adjusting heparin dosage, supplementing antithrombin levels, and considering alternative anticoagulants. Multidisciplinary management of HR involves collaboration among various specialities. Strategies include additional heparin doses, fresh frozen plasma (FFP) administration, and antithrombin concentrate supplementation. Emerging alternatives to heparin, such as direct thrombin inhibitors and nafamostat mesilate, are also being explored. Conclusion: Optimizing the management of HR is crucial for improving surgical outcomes and reducing complications in cardiac surgery patients. Multidisciplinary approaches and emerging anticoagulation strategies hold promise for addressing this challenge effectively.
Mise en place d’une sonde de réalimentation chez un petit mammifère herbivore : sondes naso-gastrique et d’œsophagostomie
Authors: Flenghi Lucas
Published: June 2024

Lorsqu’un petit mammifère herbivore cesse de se nourrir, il est essentiel de lui fournir rapidement un soutien nutritionnel afin qu’il ne développe pas de complications telles qu’une lipidose hépatique ou une dysbiose intestinale. Si l’alimentation assistée par voie orale est impossible ou douloureuse, le sondage naso-gastrique ou la pose d’une sonde d’œsophagostomie constituent des techniques faciles, efficaces et rapides à mettre en place afin d’apporter les calories et les liquides nécessaires à ces patients. Cet article décrit pas à pas les gestes à adopter pour le placement d’une sonde naso-gastrique et d’œsophagostomie chez un petit mammifère herbivore.
Spinal Accessory Nerve to Suprascapular Nerve Transfer by Dorsal Approach for Shoulder Reanimation in Cases of Brachial Plexus Injuries: Surgical Technique
Authors: Puri Vinita , Shrotriya Raghav , N. Venkateshwaran
Published: June 2024

Distal nerve transfers are frequently used for the treatment of patients having brachial plexus injuries. Spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve transfer by dorsal approach is advantageous since it brings the site of neurotization closer to the neuromuscular end plate and minimizes donor muscle weakness. This surgery is found to be challenging owing to the small and deep operative field. In this article, the authors describe the surgical technique for this procedure.
Burden of Chronic Hemodialysis on the Ability to Work: Time for Action
Authors: AlHejaili Fayez , Hashmi Muhammad N. , Alsuwaida Abdulkareem , Ankawi Ghada A. , ALMehaideb Shahad A. , Alsuwaida Anas A. , AlZahrani Mohammed T. , Shehadah Ali E. , AlNasser Hatem A.
Published: June 2024

Background Understanding the factors that contribute to unemployment will help in the design of creative resolutions to enable hemodialysis patients to return to a productive life.

Methods We examined employment among 625 patients aged 18 to 60 years who were on hemodialysis in 8 dialysis units.

Results Overall employment was low among patients on chronic hemodialysis at 49.7%. Unemployment was significantly higher in women than in men (86.6% vs 17.1%, p < 0.0001). The employment rate was 70.5% for those with no diabetes and hypertension, 29.5% for those with diabetes, and 25.9% for those with diabetes and hypertension. Furthermore, the results of the Cox regression showed that the variables of gender, level of education, capability of driving, and diabetes were related to employment of patients.

Conclusions The majority of patients on hemodialysis are unemployed or exit paid employment due to early retirement. Patients with diabetes and women are a vulnerable population with a higher unemployment rate.
Role of Acetazolamide in Traumatic CSF Rhinorrhea and Otorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Madeshiya Shivam , Srivastava Chhitij , Ojha Bal Krishan , Chandra Anil , Jaiswal Somil , Bajaj Ankur , Yadav Awadesh
Published: June 2024

Background Untreated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea and otorrhea can lead to adverse complications like meningitis and hence should not be overlooked. Acetazolamide reduces CSF production by 48%. The actual role of acetazolamide in the amelioration of traumatic CSF rhinorrhea and otorrhea is not clear as, till date, very few formal studies have been conducted. Aim of the study was to determine the role of acetazolamide in traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and otorrhea.

Materials and Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 134 patients with head injuries presenting to the neurosurgery department of a tertiary care center in North India, with complaints of CSF rhinorrhea and otorrhea within 72 hours of traumatic injury. One-hundred thirty-four patients were randomized into intervention and control group. Comparative analysis was not possible in 58 patients as in due course they were either operated for head injury or lumbar drain was put due to excessive CSF leak; hence, forth comparative analysis was done in 76 patients. Out of these 76 patients, 44 patients belonged to the intervention group (Acetazolamide given) and 32 belong to the control group (Acetazolamide not given). The day of the stoppage of CSF Leak was the main endpoint of this study.

Result Majority of the patients were in the age group of 21 to 30 years and were predominantly males. Road traffic accident was observed in 84 (75%) patients. There was no statistically significant difference noted in the mean number of days of CSF leak whether acetazolamide was given or not (p = 0.344). The complication associated with CSF leak was meningitis. The percentage of patients developing meningitis was more after lumber drain insertion.

Conclusion In our study, there was no advantage of adding acetazolamide to the conservative management of traumatic CSF leak. Therefore, the practice of routinely giving acetazolamide should be reconsidered.
Long-Term Hand and Shoulder Function in Children following Early Surgical Intervention for a Birth-Related Upper Brachial Plexus Injury
Authors: Aber Rachel N. , Grossman Leslie A. , Berger Aaron J. , Price Andrew E. , Alfonso Israel , Grossman John A.I.
Published: June 2024

Purpose To better understand the long-term hand and shoulder outcomes of upper brachial plexus birth injuries.

Methods We evaluated shoulder and hand function in 32 patients (13 males; 19 females) with a C5/C6 birth injury history). All patients had undergone primary nerve surgery as infants, and 12 underwent a simultaneous shoulder procedure as they presented with a fixed internal rotation contracture of the shoulder. On average, all patients were evaluated and examined 15 years postoperatively. The shoulder function was evaluated using the Miami Shoulder Scale. Hand function was measured by the 9-hole peg test (9-HPT) and statistical analysis included comparison of 9-HPT time against normative data using the Student's t-test.

Results The cohort includes 22 right-hand-dominant and 10 left-hand-dominant patients. Mean age at surgery was 10 months; mean age at follow-up was 15 years ± 2 years 2 months. Cumulative shoulder function was “good” or “excellent” (Miami score) in 23 patients. For 9-HPT, 23 out of 32 patients seen had an involved hand with a significant alteration in function.

Conclusion Early nerve surgery in cases of upper brachial plexus birth injuries result in the desired outcome. To ensure timely and targeted therapy for any residual deficits, it is imperative that limitations in hand function among children with an Erb's palsy.
A Modified Wedge Resection Technique to Achieve Natural Results in Labia Minora Reduction
Authors: Chauhan Neha
Published: June 2024

Aesthetic genital surgeries are on the rise globally. Labia minora reduction, the most common aesthetic genital surgery, can be done either by the edge resection or by the wedge resection techniques. The edge resection technique trims the edge of the labia minora and leads to unnatural results as it does not maintain the color gradation that is naturally present on the inner surface of the labia minora or the minor irregularities that are naturally present in the labia besides posing problems like scar pain at edges during intercourse and chances of overresection. Wedge resection has the advantage of retaining the color gradation and the minor natural irregularities on the edge of the labia minora and is considered to be a better technique than the edge resection technique. However, the classical central wedge reduction technique suffers from a deformity in long term in the form of a visible notch at margins of the labia minora at the site of suturing. The author suggests a modification of this technique to overcome this problem to give better natural long-term results.
Fish Arrow Injuries to the Extremities: A Case Series
Authors: Baba P Umar Farooq , Shah Raheeb Ahmad , Yasir Mir , J. Eknath , Bashir Sheikh Adil , Wani Adil Hafeez
Published: June 2024

Fishing as a hobby is fairly popular among youth in hilly and mountainous areas of the world. Hence, injuries to extremities are also common by fishing equipment, especially in untrained people using indigenous equipment. The mechanism of injury is that of penetrating trauma. There is a paucity of literature regarding fishing equipment injury to extremities. In this article, we have presented a case series of fishing arrow injuries presented to us in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Most of these injuries were treated under the wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet technique which has revolutionized the management of extremity injuries. Also, special precautions regarding the prevention of further tissue injury by arrow hooks while retrieving the arrows have been highlighted.
Nationalist sentiments and the multinational enterprise: insights from organizational sociology
Authors: Edman Jesper , Cuypers Ilya R. P. , Ertug Gokhan , Aguilera Ruth V.
Published: June 2024

International business scholars have recognized the impact of political and economic nationalism on the multinational enterprise (MNE). We complement these approaches by highlighting the sociological manifestations of nationalism and their implications for the MNE. We argue that nationalist sentiments, i.e., widely shared assumptions of superiority over other nations and cultures, constitute an under-researched but critical element in international business (IB). Drawing insights from organizational sociology, we elucidate how nationalist sentiments manifest in the MNE’s external and internal environment. Specifically, we suggest that nationalist sentiments accentuate national institutional logics, generate status-based categorizations of foreign and domestic firms, and heighten emphasis on national organizational identities. These manifestations impact the MNE’s operations by limiting room for hybridization of dissimilar practices and routines, increasing the risk of discrimination and stereotyping by local audiences, and entrenching resistance to foreign ideas and practices among organizational members. We suggest that MNEs have three strategic choices in responding to nationalist sentiments: avoid their manifestations, mitigate their implications, or leverage nationalist sentiments to the MNE’s advantage. In sum, our framework provides a starting point for IB scholars to examine the strategic implications of nationalist sentiments for the MNE.
Advanced modeling of housing locations in the city of Tehran using machine learning and data mining techniques
Authors: Pilehvar Ali Asghar , Ghasemi Arian
Published: June 2024

This research delves into the intricate dynamics of housing location in the bustling metropolis of Tehran. It aims to gain a deeper understanding of the factors influencing housing prices across the city. Employing a descriptive-analytical method, the study utilizes the Python programming language and its libraries, along with various regression models, to analyze a comprehensive dataset of 8000 villas and apartments spread across 22 districts and 317 areas. Data obtained from official sources are used to examine the correlation between housing prices and nine key determinants. The findings reveal strong positive correlations between the total value of the houses and several factors: surface area (80%), neighborhood location (75%), presence of an elevator (44%), presence of a parking lot (43%), and year of construction (26%), these demonstrate the importance of area and neighborhood. Conversely, the distinct number shows an inverse correlation (−41%) which means the higher the distinct number is, the lower the total value will be. In its final stage, the study employs cross-validation to evaluate the performance of various learning models, achieving a maximum accuracy of 85%. The research concludes by presenting a new formulation and modeling approach for determining the total value of housing, showcasing its originality and contributions to the field.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Examining the dynamics of pro-social rule-breaking among grassroots public servants
Authors: Khan Naqib Ullah , Zhongyi Peng , Alim Wajid , Han Heesup , Ariza-Montes Antonio
Published: June 2024

Understanding contemporary organizations hinges on the comprehension of rules and rule behavior. This scholarship explores the idea of employees rule-breaking for pro-social reasons. It challenges the belief that workplace rule violations are only motivated by personal gain and self-interest. Through two surveys conducted among grassroots civil servants working in public welfare programs, this research delves into the impact of social, relational, and bureaucratic factors on employees’ attitudes and behaviors toward pro-social rule-breaking. The study discovered that when individuals receive social support and witness co-workers’ rule-breaking, they are likelier to exhibit pro-social rule-breaking attitudes and behaviors. In contrast, organizational structure variables bureaucratic centralization and formalization and disciplinary control factors bureaucratic rule-breaking punishment and the certainty of detection diminish employees’ willingness to break the rules for pro-social reasons. The findings highlight the importance of recognizing social, relational, and bureaucratic organizational attributes to better understand pro-social rule-breaking among grassroots civil servants in public sector welfare agencies.
Bridging the digital divide: the impact of technological innovation on income inequality and human interactions
Authors: Xiao Anran , Xu Zeshui , Skare Marinko , Qin Yong , Wang Xinxin
Published: June 2024

This study seeks to understand the nuanced relationship between technological innovation and income inequality with an emphasis on the broader implications of this interplay on human–technology interactions in diverse socioeconomic settings. Using cross-country panel data from 59 nations (31 developed and 28 developing) from 1995 to 2020, the study employed the common correlated effect mean group (CCEMG) estimator. The robustness of our findings was validated using the augmented mean group (AMG) estimator and the panel causality test. The results indicate that technological innovation, while heralded for its potential to bridge communication and operational gaps, inadvertently exacerbates income disparities, with a pronounced effect in developed economies. Moreover, interactions between technological innovation and variables such as economic growth, globalisation and export trade introduce additional complexities, including both buffering and acceleration effects on the primary relationship. These findings shed light on the double-edged nature of technological advancements, underscoring the need for informed policy-making that harnesses the benefits of innovation while mitigating its unintended socioeconomic consequences. The study sets the stage for domain-specific explorations such as in education, public health and business. It also invites interdisciplinary discourse on the ethical and behavioural dimensions of technology adoption, especially user experiences and societal outcomes.
Exciton control enables high-performance colloidal quantum well light-emitting diodes
Authors: Hu Sujuan , Xiang Wenbin , Liu Baiquan , Zhang Lingjiao , Zhang Genghui , Guo Min , Yang Jinhu , Ren Yunfei , Yu Junhong , Yang Zhenyu , Gao Huayu , Wang Jing , Xue Qifan , Yeung Fion Sze Yan , Zhang Jiayu , Kwok Hoi Sing , Liu Chuan
Published: June 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) nanocrystals are promising for optoelectronic and microelectronic technologies. However, the performance of 2D nanocrystal light-emitting diodes (LEDs) remains limited. Here, exciton dynamics are rationally controlled by both shell engineering and device engineering, obtaining colloidal quantum well LEDs (CQW-LEDs) with superior performance. The formation of CQW films on charge transport layers shows an excellent photoluminescence quantum yield of 76.63%. An unreported relationship among Auger lifetime, electron confinement energy, and external quantum efficiency (EQE) in 2D nanocrystal devices is directly observed. The optimized CQW-LEDs possess a maximum power efficiency of 6.04 lm W−1 and a current efficiency of 9.20 cd A−1, setting record efficiencies for 2D nanocrystal red LEDs. Additionally, a remarkable EQE of 13.43% has been achieved, accompanied by an exceptionally low efficiency roll-off. Significantly, EQE for flexible CQW-LEDs is 42-fold higher than the previous best results. Furthermore, active-matrix CQW-LEDs on printed circuit boards are developed. The findings not only unlock new possibilities for controlling exciton dynamics but also provide an alternative strategy to achieve high-performance 2D nanocrystal based applications.