bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential gene expression pattern and plasma sex steroids during testicular development in Genyatremus luteus (Perciforme: Haemulidae) (Bloch, 1790)
Authors: Ribeiro D. L. S. , Ribeiro L. S. S. , Bezerra N. P. C. , Silva J. M. , Noleto K. S. , Souza F. A. , Carvalho-Neta A. V. , Almeida Z. S. , Chaves D. P. , Torres Junior J. R. S.
Published: September 2022

Abstract The aim of the current study is to evaluate gene expression patterns of LH (lhr) and estrogen (er) receptors and plasma steroid levels during testicular development in Genyatremus luteus. Males were histologically classified as immature (n=7), maturing (n=7) and mature (n=7), based on the cellular structure of their testes. Plasma 11-KT concentration recorded peak at the final maturation stage. The highest plasma 17α-OHP concentrations were observed at the immature stage; they decreased at the maturation and mature stages. On the other hand, 17β-estradiol (E2) recorded higher concentrations at the maturation stage. Er expression has significantly increased along the maturational development of animals’ testes. The mRNA observed for the LH receptor has decreased from immature to maturing stage; it presented expression peak at the mature stage. There was high association between receptor gene expression and plasma steroid levels, mainly E2. The current study was the first to feature different reproductive maturation stages in male G. luteus specimens, based on cellular, endocrine and molecular aspects. In addition, it has shown that the gene expression profile for er and lhr receptors, as well as plasma 11-KT and E2 concentrations, are directly linked to testicular maturation, although they are not necessarily associated with the gonadosomatic index.
Caminhos de Bisiw: uma abordagem tensiva da mobilidade ritual no Jurupari dos Hupd’äh
Authors: Ramos Danilo Paiva
Published: September 2022

Resumo Na região do Alto Rio Negro-Uaupés, os rituais de Jurupari dos Hupd’äh reúnem os mais velhos e os rapazes ao longo dos caminhos florestais amazônicos. Sopros xamânicos são proferidos e flautas sagradas são tocadas durante expedições de caça e coleta alguns dias antes e outros depois da cerimônia comunitária. A relação entre uma abordagem perspectivista e tensiva permite, neste trabalho, evidenciar as dimensões do movimento xamânico e etnopoético do ritual do Hupd’äh Jurupari. Este estudo tem como objetivo mostrar como os campos relacionais de caminhos florestais situam as dimensões da mobilidade sociocósmica, da comunicação humano-não humano e da arte musical-verbal ao longo da paisagem ritual extensiva do Jurupari.
Cartografias dos deslocamentos Guarani: Séculos XVI e XVII
Authors: Mendes Júnior Rafael Fernandes
Published: September 2022

Resumo No decorrer do século XX a etnologia guarani produziu uma série de trabalhos cuja gênese se assentava nas migrações registradas por Nimuendaju e publicadas em sua obra de 1914. No litoral atlântico, diversos cronistas haviam registrado desde o início da Conquista fenômenos semelhantes entre diversos grupos indígenas que foram denominados genericamente como Tupi-Guarani. Desde então, muitos antropólogos se propuseram a estabelecer um fio condutor entre as migrações tupi-guarani e as dos Guarani, muitas vezes atribuindo a ambas os mesmos motivos e objetivos: escapar à destruição do mundo e adentrar em vida a terra dos imortais. Entretanto, um exame detalhado da bibliografia, bem como de algumas fontes documentais coloca em xeque este fio condutor. Este artigo é um estudo sobre as múltiplas formas de deslocamentos observadas entre os Guarani ao longo dos séculos XVI e XVII e posteriormente durante os séculos XIX e XX. O seu objetivo é analisar e distinguir essas formas de deslocamentos: de um lado, as migrações para a terra sem mal nos séculos XIX e XX, de outro, as expedições de guerra, pilhagens e captura de escravos, as fugas em face dos colonizadores espanhóis e bandeirantes portugueses e as atrações para as missões jesuíticas nos séculos XVI e XVII.
O racismo contra os povos indígenas: panorama dos casos nas cidades brasileiras entre 2003 e 2019
Authors: Ribeiro Rodrigo Barbosa
Published: September 2022

Resumo Há muitas análises sobre o racismo na sociedade brasileira, embora poucas se consagrem aos efeitos desse fenômeno nos povos indígenas. Tendo isto em vista, o presente artigo apresenta um panorama dos episódios de racismo descritos nos Relatórios sobre a violência contra os povos indígenas, os quais compilam casos no Brasil inteiro desde 2003. Após a leitura e a sistematização dos quase trezentos episódios reportados, foi possível constatar como este fenômeno se espraia por todo o país, com casos ocorrendo em quase todos os estados e no Distrito Federal. A análise evidenciou a existência de diferentes padrões de manifestação do racismo, conforme revelam o perfil sociodemográfico das localidades com casos de racismo e o detalhamento de alguns episódios. No entanto, a despeito dos diferentes contextos, o racismo resulta na exclusão da presença indígena nas cidades brasileiras.
Buscando a vida na economia e na etnografia
Authors: Neiburg Federico
Published: September 2022

Resumo Este ensaio propõe uma pragmática das relações entre vida e economia, explorando regiões de contato entre ambos os conceitos. O foco são as chamadas “emergências econômicas”, nas quais se coloca em jogo o acesso aos “essenciais para a vida”, quando não a própria vida biológica de seres humanos. Nas emergências, as relações entre vida e economia passam a ser objeto de controvérsia pública, aparecem nos posicionamentos dos especialistas e, também, no dia a dia das pessoas que fazem as suas vidas mobilizando disposições incorporadas no tempo longo de outras crises. O texto tematiza formas monetárias de calcular o valor da vida que sustentam o conceito de custo de vida e modos de articular a materialidade da vida com a moralidade da pessoa na busca pela vida e por uma vida que merece ser vivida em situações de extrema pobreza e precariedade. O fundamento etnográfico do ensaio e do programa de pesquisas que ele propõe está em pesquisas realizadas sobre as hiperinflações brasileira e argentina de fim do século passado, sobre as dinâmicas econômicas em paisagens de extrema pobreza, como as dos bairros populares de Port-au-Prince, capital do Haiti, especialmente no período posterior ao terremoto de 12 de janeiro de 2010, e sobre alguns traços das atmosferas da emergência que envolvem a crise suscitada pela pandemia de covid-19.
ESCOLAS RESILIENTES: INDICADORES A PARTIR DE LITERATURA E DE PROJETOS DE ESCOLAS DE FRONTEIRA
Authors: Silva Ana Milheiro da , Silva Sofia Marques da , Silva Ana Milheiro da
Published: September 2022

Resumo Este estudo pretende refinar o conceito de escolas resilientes. Baseia-se em uma análise documental e de conteúdo de 116 artigos e 38 projetos educativos de escolas situadas em regiões de fronteira portuguesas. A atenção dada a essas escolas permite realçar a importância de fatores contextuais, reforçando a pertinência de se pensarem os desafios das escolas periféricas em nível global. Os resultados da análise dos artigos indicaram a prevalência de uma abordagem individualista sobre resiliência. Os resultados dos projetos educativos das escolas das regiões fronteiriças destacaram especificidades locais, sugerindo a relevância de uma abordagem ecológica para conceptualizar escolas resilientes. Esse conceito contribui para uma compreensão situada de uma combinação de fatores que podem promover a melhoria da organização e da dinâmica das escolas, particularmente em contextos desafiantes.
INDUÇÃO DOCENTE EM REVISÃO: SENTIDOS CONCORRENTES E PRÁTICAS PREVALECENTES
Authors: Cruz Giseli Barreto da , Costa Elana Cristiana dos Santos , Paiva Marilza Maia de Souza , Abreu Teo Bueno de
Published: September 2022

Resumo O artigo apresenta uma síntese integrativa de concepções, políticas e práticas de indução docente durante o período de inserção de professores na carreira, tendo por base uma revisão sistemática de literatura. Conduziu-se tal revisão na intenção de: analisar as tendências de indução docente inscritas na produção internacional da área; discutir as relações de correspondência, integração e indepen- dência entre mentoria e indução; compreender o lugar das políticas e programas de indução profissional docente no âmbito das pesquisas localizadas; e, finalmente, sistematizar a produção de conhecimentos sobre o tema com referências às teorizações e abordagens metodológicas prevalecentes.
TEACHER INDUCTION IN REVIEW: CONCURRENT MEANINGS AND PREVAILING PRACTICES
Authors: Cruz Giseli Barreto da , Costa Elana Cristiana dos Santos , Paiva Marilza Maia de Souza , Abreu Teo Bueno de
Published: September 2022

Abstract This article presents an integrative summary of conceptions, policies and practices of teacher induction during teachers’ early career stage, based on a systematic literature review. The purposes for this review were: to analyze the teacher induction trends featured in international research; to discuss the correspondence, integration and independence relations between mentorship and induction; to understand the place of teacher induction programs and policies within the reviewed research; and, finally, to systematize the production of knowledge about the subject with regard to prevailing theory and methodological approaches.
ETHNOGRAPHY WITH CHILDREN IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC: AN ETHICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL REFLECTION
Authors: Sousa Emilene Leite de
Published: September 2022

Abstract This article is concerned with the ethical and methodological aspects of research carried out during 2020, which investigated the children’s representation of Covid-19 in the Brazilian state of Maranhão. It queries the fabrication of an ethnography at a distance (with the children’s parents as mediators), taking digital technologies as a means to access children and their narratives through short interviews, audio recordings, and drawings. Adhering to social distancing rules, without access to direct observation, it raises issues regarding the process of obtaining information and transforming it into data through systematization and analysis.
Museus na educação médica: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Souza João Pedro Nunes de , Antonio Gabriela Martins de , D’Elia Lucas Gomes de Melo
Published: September 2022

Resumo: Introdução: A educação não formal é realizada fora do ambiente tradicional de ensino, com objetivos educacionais estruturados e a promoção da autonomia do educando para exploração do espaço, como em bibliotecas e museus. Assim, os museus possuem grande diversidade de temáticas e podem englobar diferentes determinantes do processo de saúde e doença. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo delimitar o panorama acerca dos museus como forma de curricularização da extensão nas escolas médicas brasileiras. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa realizada de fevereiro a julho de 2021. O estudo foi desenvolvido a partir da análise, além da literatura pertinente, de três principais documentos: Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do curso de Medicina de 2014, Política Nacional de Educação Museal (Pnem) de 2017 e Diretrizes para a Extensão na Educação Superior Brasileira de 2018. Os descritores “educação médica” e “museus” e seus equivalentes em inglês foram utilizados na busca de trabalhos publicados nas bases de dados. Resultado: Os museus proporcionam uma ressignificação do conhecimento especializado próprio do acervo, com potencial para o desenvolvimento de habilidades clínicas relacionados à percepção, à investigação e ao pensamento criativo, contribuem para o acadêmico de Medicina se perceber como agente de suas práticas e posturas, além de oferecerem um espaço para dar voz aos usuários do serviço de saúde. Segundo a Pnem, a educação museal deve promover uma interação direta entre museu e sociedade, de modo a buscar a transformação social e se alinhar com o conceito das atividades de extensão, as quais comporão no mínimo 10% da carga horária da graduação em Medicina. Portanto, o museu é um meio para que as atividades extensionistas sejam desenvolvidas por meio da articulação entre ensino e pesquisa, e inserção e envolvimento da comunidade acadêmica na comunidade externa. Foram encontrados cerca de 26 museus concentrados principalmente no eixo Sul-Sudeste, cujas temáticas principais são história da medicina, biografias e anatomia humana, além de saúde e vida. Conclusão: A educação museal na medicina, por meio da extensão, pode impactar a ressignificação progressista de conceitos sobre o processo de saúde e doença, com consequente transformação do exercício vocacional para o cuidado, seja em termos de promoção, prevenção, recuperação ou reabilitação.
Elementos de segurança e compreensão de orientações na alta em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal
Authors: Pucca Bruna Gomes , Ribeiro Mara Regina Rosa , Acosta Aline Marques , Costa Diovane Ghignatti da , Milioni Kelly Cristina , Oliveira João Lucas Campos de
Published: September 2022

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar elementos de segurança e a compreensão de orientações na alta da Unidade Terapia Intensiva Neonatal entre hospitais público e privado. Método: Estudo transversal, desenvolvido em duas Unidades Terapia Intensiva Neonatal do Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Foram empregados o Checklist para segurança do paciente no preparo para alta da Unidade Terapia Intensiva Neonatal e a Escala de Avaliação da Compreensão do Paciente sobre Orientações de Alta a uma amostra (n=105) de cuidadores dos neonatos. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: O item do Checklist “cuidados com a pele e higienização corporal” obteve maior conformidade no setor privado (96,9%) que no público (73,2%) (p-valor<0,000) e a compreensão de orientações de alta teve média geral de 62,9±8,3 pontos, sem diferença significativa entre os locais. Conclusão: O atendimento a elementos de segurança e a compreensão de orientações na alta foram equânimes entre os hospitais.
Outcomes of children with idiopathic steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome: a single centre observational study
Authors: Mishra Om P. , Sidar Minketan , Batra Vineeta V. , Prasad Rajniti , Singh Ankur , Abhinay Abhishek , Mishra Akash , Yadav Ashish K.
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT Introduction: Idiopathic steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) has variable outcomes in children. The primary objective of the present study was to assess the cumulative remission rate and the secondary objectives were to assess factors affecting the remission status, kidney function survival, and adverse effects of medications. Methods: One hundred fourteen patients with SRNS were included. Calcineurin inhibitor-based treatment protocol along with prednisolone and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor were used, and patients were followed over 5 years. Results: Median age was 4.5 years; 53.5% of cases were between 1 to 5 years of age. Sixty-two patients (54.4%) were at initial stage and 52 (45.6%) were at a late SRNS stage. Median eGFRcr was 83.5 mL/min/1.73m2 at presentation. Of the 110 patients, 63 (57.3%) achieved remission [complete remission 30 (27.3%), partial remission 33 (30%)], and 47 (42.7%) had no remission. Kidney function survival was 87.3% and 14 cases (12.7%) had progression to CKD (G3-8, G4-3, G5-1, and G5D-2). Median duration of follow up was 36 months (IQR 24, 60). Age of onset, cyclosporine/tacrolimus, eGFRcr, and histopathology (MCD/FSGS) did not affect remission. Similarly, remission status in addition to age of onset, drug protocol, and histopathology did not significantly affect kidney function during a period of 5 years. Hypertension, cushingoid facies, short stature, cataract, and obesity were observed in 37.7, 29.8, 25.5, 17.5, and 0.7% of cases, respectively. Conclusion: About half of the cases achieved remission. Age of onset of disease, cyclosporine/tacrolimus use, and histopathological lesion neither affected remission status nor short-term kidney function survival in SRNS.
Biometric evaluation and nutrients of the corn, pearl millet, and sorghum crops
Authors: Chrisostomo Paulo Henrique Borgati , Camilo Michele Gabriel , Baffa Danielle Ferreira , Processi Elizabeth Fônseca , Glória Leonardo Siqueira , Fernandes Alberto Magno , Oliveira Tadeu Silva de
Published: September 2022

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the biometric measurements and nutrient contents of the corn, sorghum, and pearl millet crops from 30 days after sowing up to ensiling time. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, in which the three crops were evaluated with eight replicates. Stem height and diameter and leaf length and width were measured to determine plant growth. In addition, samples were collected to evaluate plant chemical composition. For the characterization of nutrient accumulation and biometric evaluation, linear and nonlinear models were used. Dry matter accumulation did not differ between corn and sorghum, but decreased in pearl millet from the fiftieth day up to ensiling. Crude protein, ashes, and neutral detergent fiber tend to reduce over time. The biometric variables do not differ between corn, pearl millet, and sorghum from 30 days after sowing until ensiling time.
Occurrence of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in domestic cats in Vilhena, Rondônia, Brazil
Authors: Farago Enny Caroline Ferreira , Pacheco Acácio Duarte , Malavazi Patrícia Fernandes Nunes da Silva , Colombo Mariasole , Morelli Simone , Cesare Angela Di , Souza Soraia Figueiredo de
Published: September 2022

Abstract Aelurostrongylosis, caused by the metastrongylid nematode Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, is an underestimated feline respiratory disease. Cats infected by A. abstrusus may show subclinical to severe clinical signs. Aelurostrongylus abstrusus has a worldwide distribution. Nevertheless, studies on this parasite in Brazil are scarce, and most have been conducted in the southern regions. This study investigated the occurrence of A. abstrusus in cats in Vilhena, Rondônia, Brazil, from April 2020 to February 2021. Three consecutive individual fecal samples from 101 cats were examined using Baermann and Hoffman tests. Two cats (1.98%) scored positive for A. abstrusus, one with the Baermann examination, and one with the Hoffman technique. No other lungworms were retrieved. The clinicopathological and epizootiological implications are described and discussed.
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Cyclosporine for Ophthalmic Indications by Novel Carrier Systems
Authors: Rawat Garima , Kolhe Shital , Rana Dhwani , Salave Sagar , Benival Derajram
Published: September 2022

Cyclosporine (CsA) stays the most intangible molecule holding a good history for treating several ophthalmic conditions and it even attributes to multiple off-label uses. Topical delivery of CsA is the most preferred route but owing to the molecule's physicochemical properties such as poor aqueous solubility and high molecular weight as well as its encounter with multiple barriers of eye causes hindrance for proper delivery of the molecule to the site of action. However, Restasis®, Cequa®, and Verkazia® are the marketed formulations that have been approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration, whereas Cyclokat® and Ikervis® by the European Medicines Agency. Although these medications are in use, they are associated with severe discomfort and poor patient compliance. This review gives an overview regarding current formulations available in the market, the products in pipeline and the recent advances undertaken for improving ocular delivery of CsA for various ophthalmic indications.
DEFECT SENSITIVITY OF DUAL-PHASE STEELS: A STATISTICAL MICROMECHANICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE DUCTILITY LOSS DUE TO PREEXISTING DEFECTS
Authors: Rezazadeh Vahid , Peerlings Ron H. J. , Hoefnagels Johan P. M. , Geers Marc G. D.
Published: September 2022

As a result of their heterogeneous two-phase microstructure, dual-phase (DP) steels reveal various damage mechanisms leading to the nucleation of voids, microcracks, and other defects at all stages of deformation. Defects may also preexist in the microstructure due to thermomechanical processing of the material. The literature has ample evidence that DP steels, while offering a good compromise between ductility and strength, are sensitive to these types of preexisting defects. However, the quantitative dependency of mechanical properties of DP steels on such preexisting defects is still to be explored. In this paper, a systematic statistical analysis of this sensitivity is carried out using an idealized microstructural model of randomly generated two-phase volume elements with embedded preexisting defects. The proposed model also enables a methodological study probing the influence of mechanical phase contrast (i.e., the hardness difference between the constituent phases) and volume fractions. It is observed that high phase contrast microstructures are less sensitive to initial defects since the inherent extreme heterogeneity of the microstructure leads to the nucleation of new damage incidents irrespective of the presence of preexisting defects. At constant contrast, the volume fraction of the hard phase has less influence. These conclusions are insensitive to the precise type of defect considered.
The influence of seed structures on dormancy in seeds of Urochloa hybrid cultivar ‘Mulato Ⅱ’
Authors: Liu Jinhai , Wang Hehua , Luo Fucheng , Wang Yan , Xu Cui , Jiang Jinjuan
Published: September 2022

This study determined the effects of seed structures on seed dormancy and tested methods to break dormancy in seeds of Urochloa hybrid cultivar ‘Mulato II’. Seeds stored for 10 months in indoor ambient conditions were studied to determine effects of seed structures on seed germination and their water permeability. Results showed that seed structures presented a barrier to water permeability. Removal of lemmas, puncturing the seed coat, seed structure removal and sulfuric acid immersion all reduced seed dormancy. Water and alcohol extracts from different parts of seeds inhibited seed germination of Brassica pekinensis seeds. There were 3 mechanisms responsible for seed dormancy; first, the mechanical barrier of seed structures, which excluded water and reduced gas exchange as well as restricting growth of the embryo; second, an endogenous germination inhibitor mainly found in lemmas; and third, water permeability of the seed coat (including pericarp and testa). The mechanical removal of lemmas and immersion in concentrated sulfuric acid reduced seed dormancy, although mechanical removal of the lemma alone was effective, convenient and safer.
Forage characterization of Carajás grass (Cenchrus purpureus × C. americanus) fertilized with a range of doses of protected urea under irrigation during the growing season
Authors: Alves Francisco Gleyson Da Silveira , Carneiro Maria Socorro de Souza , Araújo Marcos Jacome , Ratke Rafael Felippe , Lima Barbara Silveira Leandro de , Gomes Nayrlon de Sampaio , Silva Rafael Rodrigues da , Edvan Ricardo Loiola
Published: September 2022

The objective of this study was to assess the agronomic and nutritional responses of Carajás grass (Cenchrus purpureus × C. americanus, syn. Pennisetum purpureum × P. glaucum, cultivar ‘Carajás’) fertilized with protected urea. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks in split-plot arrangement over time. The treatments consisted of 5 levels of nitrogen (0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 kg N/ha/year) and measurements were made over 2 seasons (spring 2015 and summer 2016), with 8 replicates. Leaf and stem elongation and senescence rate of tillers increased as N dosage increased, while tiller density, leaf:stem ratio, live:dead material ratio and phyllochron declined. Forage biomass increased with N dosage reaching 47 t DM green forage/ha at 800 kg N/ha but DM production per unit of N applied declined dramatically as level of N applied increased. There was no effect of season. For crude protein (CP) and fiber concentrations, a positive effect was observed with increasing N application, with maximum CP% of 172 g/kg with 800 kg N/ha in spring. Further studies are warranted to determine if economics indicate that the higher fertilizer levels are justified and even protected urea should still be applied on a number of occasions, but still less often than conventional urea, rather than as a single dose at the beginning of spring.
Influence of plant population density of Chamaecrista rotundifolia on its value for hay making in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil
Authors: Nascimento Angélica Lucelia da Silva , Abreu Natan Lima , Pantoja Raimundo Vagner de Lima , Oliveira Ingrid Stefanie Queiroz de , Gomes Josilene Do Nascimento , Chapuis René Jean Marie Poccard , Faria Letícia de Abreu
Published: September 2022

Chamaecrista rotundifolia is a forage legume little used with Brazilian livestock; however, it has been studied for this purpose for over 40 years in Australia. The aim of this study was to characterize the influence of plant densities of approximately 444,400, 111,100 and 27,800 plants/ha (equivalent to spacings of 0.15 × 0.15; 0.30 × 0.30 and 0.60 × 0.60 m) on quantitative and qualitative parameters of C. rotundifolia grown in pure stands as forage under exclusive cropping for hay. While leaf dry matter yields in the first 93 days after planting ranged from 1.48 to 9.32 t DM/ha, declining to 0.71–4.92 t DM/ha in the subsequent 83 days, crude protein concentration of the material was only 7–8%. Since this species tends to lose leaf during periods of stress, larger paddock studies are needed to determine how well leaf material is retained under conventional hay-making conditions. Optimal stubble height following harvesting should be investigated in an endeavor to increase DM yields at second harvest along with improved survival of plants.
The impact of COVID-19 on the sustainable intensification of forage-based beef and dairy value chains in Colombia: a blessing and a curse
Authors: Burkart Stefan , Díaz Manuel , Enciso Karen , Charry Andrés , Triana Natalia , Mena Martín , Urrea-Benítez José Luis , Gallo Caro Irieleth , Van der Hoek Rein
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the difficulties associated with the need to transition the cattle sector in Latin America towards achieving sustainability and created a “double crisis” of pandemic and climate change. The increasing demand for animal sourced foods and the need to address the negative environmental impacts of cattle production, including greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity loss and deforestation, and the implications of climate change on cattle production (prolonged droughts, prolonged rainy seasons, heat stress), have placed strong emphasis on sustainable intensification of forage-based beef and dairy systems for climate change mitigation and adaptation. This is needed to meet the commitments made by many Latin American countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions under the Paris Agreement. Through a qualitative approach, this perspective paper reviews the present and potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on progress towards sustainable intensification of the Colombian cattle sector. It also outlines new opportunities for sustainable intensification in Colombia that may provide useful examples for other Latin American countries. Short-term impacts such as: (i) increased input prices, (ii) limited access to inputs, credit, and technical assistance, and (iii) reduced incomes, have limited investment in sustainable intensification along the value chains. Reduced resources for research and development funding, unavailability of skilled and experienced staff, restrictions to travel and person-to-person interactions, in tandem, have caused setbacks in the development and application of sustainable technologies and programs. This has been addressed by increased use of technology for communication but there are difficulties with the broad availability of such technologies, especially farmers. A long-term shift of consumer demand towards more sustainable animal products is occurring and expected to continue, and this should lead to new opportunities for sustainable intensification.
Ingestive behavior and dry matter intake of dairy cattle grazing Kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus) pastures
Authors: Avellaneda-Avellaneda Yesid , Mancipe-Muñoz Edgar , Vargas-Martínez Juan
Published: September 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of animal characteristics, grazing management, and supplementation on ingestive behavior and dry matter intake (DMI) of Kikuyu grass in lactating cows. Four trials were conducted with multiparous Holstein dairy cows in non-limiting forage conditions using 9 cows in each trial, 1 cow per paddock. Individual DMI was estimated through forage mass difference (pre- and post-grazing mass), ingestive behavior, and using markers [chromium oxide and undegradable acid detergent fibre (uADF)]. DMI was also estimated using 3 nutritional models (CSIRO, NRC, and AFRC). Grazing time and bite mass were positively related to the cow body weight, while bite rate showed a negative relationship with forage mass. The grazing time on a pasture of 42 d regrowth was less than the time spent grazing on a pasture of 28 or 56 d regrowth. DMI estimated by forage mass difference showed a positive relation with forage mass, supplement intake, and liveweight. DMI estimated using markers showed a positive relation with milk production and liveweight and a negative relationship with forage height. Forage mass difference and ingestive behavior measurements provided good estimates (R²>0.8) of DMI associated with forage mass, liveweight, and supplement intake in cows grazing Kikuyu grass.
Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application to Elephant grass (Cenchrus purpureus syn. Pennisetum purpureum) cultivar ‘Cameroon’ in an arenosol in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Luiz E.C. , Oliveira Fábio H.T. , Silva Gualter G.C. , Bezerra Marcio G. Silva , Morais Éric G. , Bezerra Gabriel F.R. , Danino Giovana S. , Oliveira Ermelinda M.M. , Sá Francisco V.S.
Published: September 2022

Elephant grass (Cenchrus purpureus syn. Pennisetum purpureum) stands out for its high dry matter production per unit area and good nutritional value and is cultivated throughout Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of elephant grass cultivar ‘Cameroon’ fertilized with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) at different rates. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 10 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments consisted of 5 doses of N (0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 kg N/ha) all with 66 kg P/ha and 5 doses of P (0, 22, 44, 66 and 88 kg P/ha) all with 600 kg N/ha. The variables evaluated during 3 harvests were: shoot dry matter (DM) yield, N and P concentrations in shoots, and uptakes of N and P in forage. Results showed that, in the arenosol of the experimental area, high doses of N and P could produce high yields of the grass (40‒41 t DM/ha) over 260 days. The grass extracted large amounts of N (on average, 800 kg N/ha over 260 days) and P concentrations were significantly affected by P fertilization only in the last harvest, where it increased from 0.27 to 0.78 g P/kg DM. However, application of only 200 kg N/ha will produce more than 60% of the DM yield response achieved with 800 kg N/ha. Similarly, there seems little merit in applying more than 22 kg P/ha with the N. Longer-term studies are needed to test these hypotheses along with economic assessments to determine the financial soundness of such decisions.
Forage production and quality of Urochloa decumbens cultivar ‘Basilisk’ in Okinawa, Japan
Authors: Takashi Hanagasaki
Published: September 2022

Two studies were conducted to assess forage growth and nutritive value of Urochloa decumbens (syn. Brachiaria decumbens) cultivar ‘Basilisk’ in comparison with other grass species grown in Okinawa during 2002–2005 and 2006–2008. Harvests were performed every 40 days from April to October and every 55 days from November to March. In Experiment 1, from 2002 to 2005 total dry matter (DM) yield of ‘Basilisk’ (119.5 t/ha) was significantly higher than that of Digitaria eriantha cultivar ‘Transvala’ (87.4 t/ha; P = 0.01), one of the most popular recommended grass varieties in Okinawa Prefecture. Mean DM digestibility of ‘Basilisk’ was 56.7%, significantly higher than that of other recommended grass varieties (54.5–51.4%). In addition, total digestible DM yield (64.8 t/ha) and crude protein (CP) yield (13.7 t/ha) of ‘Basilisk’ were significantly higher than those of other varieties including ‘Transvala’ (P<0.01). In Experiment 2, total DM yield of ‘Basilisk’ during 2006–2008 was 93.0 t/ha and significantly higher only than that of Urochloa mutica (syn. Brachiaria mutica) (78.6 t/ha; P<0.01), whereas mean DM digestibility (54.8%) was significantly higher only than that of Chloris gayana cultivar ‘Katambora’ (52.8%; P<0.05). Total digestible DM yield (48.8 t/ha) of ‘Basilisk’ was significantly higher only than that of U. mutica (40.3 t/ha; P<0.01) while its total CP yield (10.4 t/ha) was similar to those of other Urochloa cultivars (P>0.05). As a result, in 2016 ‘Basilisk’ was approved to be added to the list of grasses recommended for sowing in Okinawa Prefecture for improving beef production in the area. A suitable supply of seed to allow this cultivar to be sown widely is essential if its potential for improving beef production in the region is to be realized.
DETERMINING “PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENT” IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY EPOCH: A CASE FOR SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Mzwandile Ngidi
Published: September 2022

This contribution analyses the concept of a “permanent establishment” in South Africa in light of the digital economy, and intends to inspire law reform. The analysis critically analyses the meaning of “permanent establishment” as found in sections 1 and 9 of the South African Income Tax Act and in double-tax treaties concluded between South Africa and other countries. The article analyses whether the South African permanent establishment is sufficiently robust to deal with a virtual permanent establishment. The analysis found that the South African concept of a permanent establishment falls short of capturing permanent establishments created through digital means as a result of digital transformation. This is because the current permanent establishment definition requires that the entity be physically present in the market country for tax purposes. In the digital age, foreign entities require no physical presence to transact in a market country. Foreign entities transact with customers all over the world on a remote basis. While this may be good for trade purposes, it is argued that this seriously erodes the tax bases of market countries (including South Africa) since these foreign entities circumvent paying taxes in market countries where substantial economic activity occurs. The inability to impose a tax on a virtual permanent establishment arguably deprives market countries of substantial revenues. In light of this gap, the article provides instructive proposals on how South Africa could effect the necessary legislative reforms to impose effective taxes on virtual permanent establishments.
Two examples of environmental problems from Chinese state planning
Authors: Poorna Pal
Published: September 2022

We present two recent and environmentally potentially catastrophic but otherwise politically decisive and perhaps even praiseworthy governmental actions of the Peoples Republic of China. One is China’s world-renowned Three Gorges Dam project. This is perhaps one of the world’s largest hydroelectric dams as yet and most certainly the daring and even audacious construction project. Sadly, it also defies the understanding of atmospheric circulation patterns. The other is the construction and use of atoll reefs to house military bases. This too is certainly a brilliantly conceived novel idea but its time has been unfortunately ushered perhaps a couple of million years too early. Both these are examples of the most brilliantly executed but otherwise ill-conceived notions that should not have been undertaken in the first place.
Potential health risk estimation of naturally occurring radionuclides intake due to the consumption of seafood around Coastal zone
Authors: Kumar Pandion , Kantha Deivi Arunachalam
Published: September 2022

As part of a regional baseline study, the distribution of naturally occurring radioactive materials in the marine fish diversity consumed by different age group representatives living in the Kalpakkam coastal zone was studied. The average activity of natural radionuclide in 238U, 232Th, and 40K (n = 40) was 28.51, 239.58, and 118.95 Bq kg-1, respectively. The annual dose of ingestion, lifetime carcinogenic risk assessment and cancer risk assessment due to 238U, 232Th, and 40K were estimated by marine fish diversity in children aged 1-4,5-9,10-14,15-17 years, adults, pregnant women, and the fishing community. The Hospital-Based Cancer Registry (HBCR) compares to the coastal zone. Statistical studies such as Pearson correlation analysis, Principle component analysis, and Cluster analysis report check that the current levels of natural radionuclide do not pose a significant radioactivity threat to the residents based on the activity of the radionuclide.
The theory of centralized aerobic-anaerobic energy balance compensation and the right posture
Authors: Kirill V Zhukov , Bagrat A Gasparyan , Alexandre A Vetcher , Alexander Y Shishonin
Published: September 2022

For over four centuries the posture was under very different points of view. The theory of centralized Aerobic-Anaerobic Energy Balance Compensation (CAAEBC) gives an additional angle of consideration, associated with the concept of brachiocephalic arterial blood flow access to the rhomboid fossa. This helps to understand the requirements of the set of physical exercises, that will be able to keep the posture training simultaneously with the healthcare.
High-precision blood glucose prediction and hypoglycemia warning based on the LSTM-GRU model
Authors: Xiuli Peng , Quanzhong Li , Yannian Wang , Dengfeng Yan
Published: September 2022

Objective: The performance of blood glucose prediction and hypoglycemia warning based on the LSTM-GRU (Long Short Term Memory - Gated Recurrent Unit) model was evaluated. Methods: The research objects were 100 patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) who were chosen from Henan Provincial People’s Hospital. Their continuous blood glucose curves of 72 hours were acquired by a Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS). The blood glucose levels were predicted based on the LSTM, GRU and LSTM-GRU models, respectively. Analyses of the best predictive model were performed using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and correlation analysis between the prediction blood glucose level and the original blood glucose level acquired by CGMS and Clark Error Grid Analysis (EGA). Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze whether the RMSE values of the three models were statistically significant. 60 patients who had experienced hypoglycemia among 100 cases were selected for hypoglycemia warning. The sensitivity, false-positive rate and false-negative rate were used to evaluate the hypoglycemia warning performance of the LSTM-GRU model. This paper explored the changing relationship of the hypoglycemia warning performance of the model over time. Results: The predicted blood glucose levels of the three models were strongly correlated with the blood glucose levels acquired by CGMS (p < 0.001). The correlation coefficient (R-value) of the LSTM-GRU model remained stable over time (R = 0.995), nevertheless, a reduction in the R-value of the LSTM and GRU models when the Prediction Horizon (PH) was 30 min or longer. When PH was 15min, 30min, 45min and 60min, the mean RMSE values of the LSTM-GRU model were 0.259, 0.272, 0.275 and 0.278 (mmol/l), respectively, which were lower than the LSTM and GRU models and the RMSE values were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The EGA results showed the LSTM-GRU model had the highest proportion in zones A and B, as the PH extended. When PH was 30min or longer, the sensitivity and false-negative rate of the hypoglycemia warning of the LSTM-GRU model had subtle changes and the false-positive rate remained stable over time. Conclusions: The LSTM-GRU model demonstrated good performance in blood glucose prediction and hypoglycemia warning.
Protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis: Post-exercise hypotension after aquatic exercises on elderly v1
Authors: Sisconeto Tassia
Published: September 2022

Arterial hypertension (AH) is a chronic non-communicable disease of a multifactorial nature characterized by a consistent increase in blood pressure and is considered the main risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. With aging, more than 70% of the elderly have AH. Aquatic exercise provides several benefits for middle-aged and elderly individuals, such as improving physical fitness and decreasing the heart rate of practitioners. However, the acute hypotensive responses of this type of exercise are not well documented in the literature, and in addition, the responses of blood pressure in the liquid environment during aquatic exercises vary according to body position, temperature, water height, and, mainly, with the intensity of the exercise. Thus, the objective of the scientific review is to answer the following question: What are the blood pressure effects of one session of aquatic exercises in the elderly? For this, we will carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis in digital databases (EMBASE, PUBMED, Lilacs, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science), of randomized and non-randomized clinical trials and cross-sectional studies carried out with elderly humans that indicate the values of post-exercise hypotension after aquatic exercise.
METATAC V.1 v1
Authors: Wu Honggui
Published: September 2022

Abstract Here we describe a protocol for multiplexed end-tagging amplification of transposase accessible chromatin (METATAC), a high-sensitivity single-cell ATAC-seq technique with the help of META chemistry and extensive biochemical modifications. We improved the protocol from three aspects, first, we used Omni-ATAC protocol to permeabilize cells, which greatly reduced mitochondrial reads to less than 0.5%. Second, we used sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to release Tn5 from bound DNA, which enabled maximum DNA recovery. Third, we use META transposome instead Nextera transposome used in other protocols, which avoids half loss due to self-looping during amplification, thus further increasing library size. Specifically, META sequences also serve as a barcode to fragment decontamination, which provides high-sensitivity and precise single-cell chromatin accessibility analysis.
A Preliminary Study on a Short-Term Counseling Program for Victims of Interpersonal Trauma in the Military
Authors: Park Shin Young , Cha Sung Yi , Hyun Myoung-Ho
Published: September 2022

Background: This preliminary study was conducted to develop a short-term counseling program for victims who experienced interpersonal trauma in the military and to verify its effectiveness.Methods: A single group pre-post-mixed design was used for this study. Seven victims who experienced interpersonal trauma within the military participated in the program once a week for five weeks. Participants’ post-traumatic stress symptoms, degree of insomnia, depression, state anxiety, and acceptance behavior levels were assessed and compared at baseline and pre-and post-test.Results: Participants’ post-traumatic stress symptoms, state anxiety, and depression symptoms significantly reduced and acceptance behavior significantly increased after participating in the short-term counseling program.Conclusions: The results of this study will help explore therapeutic elements that are helpful for victims who have experienced interpersonal trauma in the military.
Re-employment Hospital Types of Early Career Nurses and Changes in Work-Life Balance
Authors: Kim Eun-Young , Oh Yun-Kyung
Published: September 2022

Background: This study aimed to determine the hospital types of re-employment in early career nurses and identify differences in changes in the work-life balance according to the re-employment hospital types.Methods: A longitudinal design was used. Participants were 90 nurses who had resigned from their first jobs and were re-employed at hospitals within two years of obtaining nurse licenses. They were recruited through a recruitment notice on the nationwide nurse online website. Data were collected twice before and after re-employment using the Internet survey method. The data were analyzed using a paired t-test, McNemar test, and repeated measures ANOVA.Results: The nursing work environment, job satisfaction, and work-life balance were significantly increased at the re-employed workplace compared to the first job. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that only the change in work-life balance demonstrated that the interaction between the group and time was significant in the size and type of hospital.Conclusions: The findings show that the change in work-life balance increased more in the case of re-employment with downward size or type of hospital, compared to that of upward or the same hospital re-employment. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve the work-life balance of early career nurses. To this end, nurse managers must adjust the work patterns that cause imbalances in nurses’work-life and plan management strategies to improve self-development and growth.
Relationship between Stop Drinking Controllability, Hopelessness, Social Activity and Suicidality for Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Lee Hye-Young , Kwon Young-Sil , Hyun Myoung-Ho , Lee Na-Rae
Published: September 2022

Background: This study aimed to examine the relationship between suicidality, stop drinking controllability, hopelessness, and social activity in a population sample of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and to determine how AUD contributes to suicidal behavior.Methods: A total of 252 participants diagnosed with AUD were surveyed, and multiple regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used to analyze the data.Results: Hopelessness fully mediated the relationship between the ability to stop drinking and suicidality. At low levels of social engagement, the relationship between hopelessness and suicidality was significantly modified by social activity.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that patients with AUD who were unable to successfully address their drinking problem and abstain from drinking were more likely to experience hopelessness. In addition, we concluded that hopelessness can lead to suicidal ideation or suicide attempts.
Mutant Ninja Kaplumbağalar’ın Göstergebilimsel Analizi
Authors: AY Aysel
Published: September 2022

Her şey bir göstergedir. Kullandığımız sözcükler, yazdığımız metinler, izlediğimiz film ya da diziler, fotoğraflar veya sosyal medyada kullanılan her bir içeriği ‘gösterge’ olarak değerlendirebiliriz. Bu göstergeler bir temsil olarak bize sürekli bir şeyler söylemektedirler. Bu açıdan düşünüldüğünde çocuklar için hazırlanan çizgi filmlerin de bir gösterge olması kaçınılmazdır. Bundan yola çıkarak, otuz yılı aşkın süredir tüm dünyada gerek televizyonda gerekse sinemalarda güncelliğini kaybetmeden yayınlanan ‘Mutant Ninja Kaplumbağalar’ (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles) adlı çizgi filmin de göstergeleri olabileceği düşünülmüştür. Bu nedenle çalışmanın amacı, ‘Mutant Ninja Kaplumbağalar’ adlı çizgi film ve animasyonların nasıl bir anlatısı olduğunu, bu anlatıdaki temsillerin, çizgi film ve animasyonlarda yer alan karakterler ve adları, karakterlerin kullandığı silahlar, yedikleri yiyecekler, giysileri, kullandıkları renkler ve mekanlar aracılığıyla çözümlemektir. Ayrıca, genel olarak Mutant Ninja Kaplumbağalar’da ele alınan konunun neyi temsil ettiği ilgili karakterler aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada, göstergebilimsel olarak incelenen her bir göstergenin de belirli kültürel anlamla üretildiği görülmüştür. Rönesans’tan günümüze kadar gelen kültürel miras belirli bir topluma ait kültürü yansıtmaktadır. Dolayısıyla kitle iletişim araçları ile yayılan kültür, kendisinden farklı kültürleri etkisine alabilmektedir.