bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Non-Utilization of the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in San Francisco, CA 2008-2011
Authors: Faed Pegah , Stookey Jodi , Batech Michael , Blix Arelene , Tonstad Serena
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: Non-utilization of nutrition-related services is high, especially among women who are at high risk of outcomes such as low birth weight. We investigated predictors of nonutilization of the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) during 2008- 2011 in San Francisco, California. Methods: Using California Birth Cohort Files, we identified 35,295 singleton births from 2008-2011; 25,884 did not use WIC services. Results: Major findings from Classification and Regression Tree (CRT) analysis were: 1) the strongest predictor of WIC non-utilization was no insurance; 2) 97.3% of the private insurance/self-pay population did not utilize WIC and of this population, non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics, and Asian/Pacific Islanders, with some college or more, and fathers with some college or more were least likely to utilize WIC services. Medi-Cal insurance coverage was protective against non-use of WIC, while maternal or paternal completion of at least some college. Non-Hispanic white ethnicity and maternal or paternal age of 35 years or older were predictors of nonutilization of WIC. Conclusions: Sociodemographic variables and insurance status were predictive of WIC non-utilization, suggesting groups that may be targeted in efforts to increase WIC uptake. Current efforts for targeting traditionally underserved populations should continue, while adding additional efforts to serve other women from traditionally advantaged backgrounds who meet the eligibility requirements for WIC.
Pocket Guide to Health Promotion
Authors: Woodall James
Published: July 2019

The Pocket Guide to Health Promotion by Glenn Laverack is a book that has been written for the practitioner and undergraduate student market. The combination of communicating complex concepts in easy-to-understand ways and the use of international case studies to contextualise theory makes this a very attractive text. The book is expertly written by one of the leading commentators in the field and, reflecting the author’s expertise, the book is particularly strong on international issues; community-based health promotion; policy and health activism; and empowerment. While The Pocket Guide to Health Promotion is very comprehensive, it does stop short of discussing some issues – the book, for example, does not discuss behaviour change and social marketing in detail. However, the book remains a must have for practitioners and for undergraduate students studying courses with a health promotion element.
Developing a Bilingual Fotonovela to Encourage Human Papillomavirus Preteen Immunization in California
Authors: Boyte Rebeca Montealegre , Pilisuk Tammy , Matiella Ana Consuelo , Macario Everly
Published: July 2019

Background. Cervical cancer affects Latinas disproportionately in the United States, especially in California. Fotonovelas are an entertaining educational medium within the Latino community. Purpose. The California Department of Public Health, Immunization Branch partnered with a fotonovela production company to develop a bilingual fotonovela to motivate Latina mothers of preteens to get their children vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV). This paper reviews the process of and lessons learned from creating and pilot testing the HPV fotonovela. Methods. We convened a 10-member advisory committee to guide the development of the fotonovela and field-tested the medium with three focus groups of Latina mothers of preteens (n=22). The focus group participants completed a pre- and post-survey to assess knowledge gain after reading the fotonovela on their own. After participants completed the post-survey, the moderator facilitated a discussion. Results. The advisory committee identified barriers and myths around HPV vaccination and suggested culturally appropriate messaging for the fotonovela. The pre-/post-survey showed statistically significant knowledge gain on the HPV vaccine among focus group participants. Conclusion. We found that the fotonovela is a well-accepted educational vehicle for Latinas. An intervention/control study to test the effectiveness of a fotonovela and/or webnovela in bringing about measurable behavior change is needed.
Testing a Risky Sex Behavior Intervention Pilot Website for Adolescents
Authors: Starling Randall , Helme Don , Nodulman Jessica A. , Bryan Angela D. , Buller David B. , Donohew Robert Lewis , Woodall W. Gill
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: Each year, teenagers account for about one-fifth of all unintended pregnancies in the United States. As such, delivering sexual risk reduction educational materials to teens in a timely fashion is of critical importance. Web-based delivery of these materials shows promise for reaching and persuading teens away from risky sexual and substance abuse behaviors. The purpose of this study was to pilot test a web-based program aimed at reducing risky sexual behavior and related outcomes among adolescents in a high school setting. Methods: A beta-test of the website was conducted in three public schools in New Mexico, USA with 173 students in 9th and 10th grades recruited from existing health education classes. Participants spent approximately three hours over a period of two days completing the online program in school computer labs. Results: Pretest to posttest results indicated that self-efficacy for condom use and condom use intentions, two theoretical mediators of changes in condom use behavior, were significantly changed. Adolescents also reported high satisfaction with the website content. Conclusion: BReady4it provided an innovative sex and substance abuse education to teenagers that revealed promising positive changes in cognitive constructs that are inversely related to risky sexual behavior among users.
Women’s Experience with a Mindful Eating Course on a University Campus
Authors: Smart Rebekah , Chisum Ashley , Robertson-Pfeffer Katharine , Tsong Yuying
Published: July 2019

Background: Weight and eating are sources of distress for many women and most weight-loss diets fail to sustain their effects over time. Mindful eating focuses on the processes involved in eating (e.g., hunger, satiety, emotion) rather than on the regulation of weight, and is grounded in mindfulness meditation practices. Purpose: The purpose of this mixed-methods pilot study was to understand the experiences (attitudes, feelings, behaviors) of participants taking a course in mindful eating, and to know in what respects this approach showed promise for women in general. Methods: Seven university staff and faculty women (ages 37 - 59, BMI 21.76 – 40.42) participated in mindful eating classes taught over an 8- week period. Qualitative data were analyzed using intrinsic case study design, supported by pre- and postmeasures of mindful eating and disordered eating. Results: Three major themes were derived: Increased Awareness, New Behaviors in Eating, and Barriers to Practice, with notable experiences in limiting food intake. According to the MEQ, there was a significant increase in the Awareness domain (p = .045). Conclusion: Mindful eating can be incorporated into daily life and offer a way for women to regulate and enjoy their eating. Although there are challenges in making time for the practices, the study supports further exploration of mindful eating as both preventative and health-enhancing for women.
Perspectives on Medication-Related and Other Health Disparities Affecting Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Other Pacific Islanders
Authors: Hu Daniel , Juarez Deborah Taira , Lin Victor , Goo Roy , Yeboah Michelle , Castillo Theresa
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: The present body of literature has little information regarding factors behind gaps in health status affecting Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) communities, and methods to address them. We sought to examine pharmacists’ and other health care professionals’ perceptions of AANHPI health disparities and their ideas for solutions involving pharmacists, pharmacy schools, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Methods: In-depth individual interviews were conducted with ten academic pharmacists and four other health care professionals knowledgeable about AANHPI disparities, with a focus on medication-related disparities. Results: Commonly identified factors behind disparities included poor communication, low socioeconomic status, cultural inhibitions creating a reluctance to seek care, and limited access to care. Suggested strategies for community pharmacists to reduce disparities included one-on-one care focused on outcomes, translated materials and translation services, and tracking adherence to medications. Participants suggested that colleges of pharmacy could continue community health events, encourage students to be culturally aware, and conduct health disparities research, and that the FDA could provide translated information, research funding, and requirements for greater ethnic diversity in clinical trials. Conclusion: Experts believe that pharmacists have the potential to help close the health care gap for AANHPI populations.
Community Clinic-based Approach to Address Pediatric Obesity among a Predominantly Latino Sample of Youth Enrolled in a State Health Plan
Authors: Weiss Jie W. , Yepiz Melina H. , Mouttapa Michele , McMahan Shari , Gedissman Alberto
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: Comprehensive weight management interventions with family involvement are effective in reducing obesity among children and youth. This prospective cohort study examined whether youth who participated in a clinic-based, culturally-sensitive pediatric weight management intervention experienced reductions in BMI percentile, percent body fat, and waist circumference, from baseline to the end of the program. Methods: Participants included 240 children and youth (61.3% male) between ages 5 to 18 years (Mean age= 12.8 + 3.7 years), and nearly all of them were of Latino race/ethnicity. All participants were clinically diagnosed as overweight or obese and were referred to participate in the eight-week intervention, which included standard medical consultations, psychological counseling, and physical activity sessions for the youth participants, and nutrition education for their parents. Participants completed baseline and end-of-the-program assessments. Results: Participants experienced significant decreases in BMI percentile and body fat percentage after adjusting for growth in height. Older children were more likely to experience decreases in waist circumference relative to younger children. Conclusion: This study suggests that a clinic-based, culturally sensitive intervention may effectively reduce indicators of obesity among youth in predominantly Latino communities, beyond changes in these indicators due to normal growth.
Determination of the Validity and Reliability of a Modified Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale and Osteoporosis Self-Efficacy Scale to Include Vitamin D
Authors: Evenson Alexa L. , Sanders Gregory F.
Published: July 2019

Background/Purpose: Osteoporosis health beliefs and osteoporosis self-efficacy scales are commonly used in determining educational needs towards osteoporosis prevention but lack vitamin D content. This study examined the validity and reliability of Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS) and Osteoporosis Self Efficacy Scale (OSES) modified scales which included vitamin D content in order to be used in studies to increase vitamin D and calcium intakes for prevention of osteoporosis. Methods: Participants were a convenience sample of 153 college-aged adults at a Midwestern university. Factor analysis, Cronbach ?, and Intra-class correlation coefficients determined validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability of the modified scales. Results: The OHBS-D Cronbach ? was r = .82; subscales ranged from .75-.87. The OSES-D Cronbach ? was r = .98; subscales ranged from .96-.98. Total ICC for OHBS-D and OSES-D was .79 and .97 respectively. Factor analysis extracted eight factors for the OHBS-D and three factors for the OSES-D, which explained 52.2% and 82.2% of the total variance in all variables accounted for by each factor respectively. Conclusion: The modified scales were valid and reliable indicating they could be used to determine osteoporosis related health beliefs and self-efficacy.
Changing Attitudes towards Hepatitis B among Asian Americans
Authors: Maglalang Dale Dagar , Mortera Sophia Hernandez , Yoo Grace J. , Henne Jeff , Shiau Rita , Sanchez Melissa A.
Published: July 2019

Background: Asian Americans have the highest prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the US. The San Francisco Hep B Free (SFHBF) campaign aimed to increase awareness and access to HBV education and services among Asian Americans in San Francisco. Purpose: We sought to examine attitudes and knowledge among Asian Americans regarding HBV at baseline (2009) and benefits of the SFHBF outreach campaign four years later (2013). Methods: Four focus groups were conducted (n=45) in 2009, followed by in-depth interviews (n=40) in 2013. Results: In 2009, many participants were misinformed about HBV symptoms and transmission. They also reported stigma associated with HBV, which hindered Asian Americans from discussing the disease and seeking services. The 2013 interviews revealed that SFHBF had contributed towards awareness of HBV screenings and vaccinations, and also instilled acute seriousness that HBV could affect them directly. Conclusion: The in-depth interviews conducted in 2013 illustrated that there was less concern about “saving face,” but a shift to a level of seriousness associated with HBV. Future efforts among Asian Americans should continue to focus on self-efficacy regarding HBV prevention, including screening and vaccination.
Public/community Health Education Professional Accreditation among Stand-alone Baccalaureate Programs
Authors: Chaney Robert A. , Thomas Kate Hendricks , Cottrell Randall , Birch David A.
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: Formal training for health promotion practitioners often includes academic study in health education. Accreditation is an important quality assurance mechanism. One concern expressed during Council of Education for Public Health (CEPH) professional meetings is the capacity of stand-alone undergraduate programs in health education to meet the demands of accreditation. The purpose of this study was to determine the accreditation knowledge level among the program directors of stand-alone programs, and identify the perceived challenges, support for and value ascribed to accreditation among these programs operating without an affiliated graduate program. Methods: Thirtyfive undergraduate program coordinators identified via the 2009 American Association for Health Education (AAHE) directory completed a 21-item survey instrument. Results: Most program coordinators knew about undergraduate accreditation requirements (82.9%), but program coordinators of self-identified small programs had significantly more concerns about the availability of resources needed to successfully attain accreditation. Conclusion: It is important to consider and provide resources for successful attainment of accreditation among smaller undergraduate institutions. Information regarding this general concern will be important to both the CEPH and academic program coordinators as they move forward with the new stand-alone baccalaureate accreditation initiative.
Predictors of Physical Activity on a College Campus with a High Proportion of Non-traditional Students
Authors: Leung Ka Man , Ransdell Lynda B. , Gao Yong , Shimon Jane , Lucas Shelley , Chung Pak-Kwong
Published: July 2019

Background and purpose: Given the problem of obesity, physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyles among college students in the US, this study presents demographic, psychosocial, personal and environmental predictors of physical activity (PA) on an individual college campus with a high percentage of non-traditional students. Methods: The National College Health Assessment (NCHA) survey was completed by college students at a large Northwestern university [N = 949; Male = 292 (31.1%); female = 647 (68.9%); mean age = 26.5 (SD = 9.0) years] during Fall 2011. Results: Sixty-eight percent of participants did not meet both moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and strength exercise (SE) recommendations. Good perceived health status and on-campus housing status were associated with a higher probability of meeting the MVPA and SE recommendations (p
Consumer Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Sodium Intake and Reduction Strategies in Los Angeles County
Authors: Wickramasekaran Ranjana N. , Gase Lauren N. , Green Gabrielle , Wood Michelle , Kuo Tony
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: In Los Angeles County, over 27% of the population has been diagnosed with hypertension and over 60% is considered overweight or obese. To help address the burden of hypertension and other diet-associated diseases, the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health launched its sodium reduction initiative to scale sodium reduction approaches and, ultimately, reduce sodium intake in the region. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of consumer knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to sodium consumption and reduction to inform ongoing program efforts. Methods: A cross-sectional Internet panel survey was administered from December 2014 to January 2015 to a panel of Los Angeles County adult residents (n=848). Results: Results suggest low levels of consumer knowledge of recommended daily sodium intake limits (5.9%), high levels of support for reduction of sodium in the food supply (>70%), and moderate levels of healthy behavior change (e.g., 48.1% reported determining their food purchases based on the sodium content, 56.3% reported watching their sodium intake). Conclusions: These findings support the continued need to work at multiple levels (consumer, food supplier/manufacturer, retail) to reduce sodium intake in Los Angeles County.
Recruiting Participants into Pilot Trials
Authors: Joseph Rodney P. , Keller Colleen , Ainsworth Barbara E.
Published: July 2019

Limited research has focused on recruitment strategies for health promotion researchers conducting smallscale pilot studies. Such research is important because small studies often have limited funding streams and personnel resources. Accordingly, many techniques implemented by large-scale studies are of limited use to smaller research projects. This article provides an overview effective participant recruitment techniques for pilot studies with limited funds and personnel resources. Recruitment techniques were derived from the first author’s experience in recruiting participants during his doctoral and postdoctoral studies, the over 25 years of research experience of each of the co-authors, and an extensive review of the literature. Five key recruitment techniques are discussed: 1) leverage existing social networks and personal contacts, 2) identify and foster collaborations with community gatekeepers, 3) develop a comprehensive list of potential recruitment platforms and venues, 4) create recruitment materials that succinctly describe the purpose of the study, and 5) build respectful and trusting relationships with potential participants. Implementation of the proposed techniques can lead to enhanced recruitment, as well as retention among study participants.
Who Gets Needed Mental Health Care? Use of Mental Health Services among Adults with Mental Health Need in California
Authors: Tran Linda Diem , Ponce Ninez A.
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose. Timely and appropriate treatment could help reduce the burden of mental illness. This study describes mental health services use among Californians with mental health need, highlights underserved populations, and discusses policy opportunities. Methods. Four years of California Health Interview Survey data (2011, 2012, 2013, 2014) were pooled and weighted to the 2013 population to estimate mental health need and unmet need (n=82,706). Adults with mental health need had “unmet need” if they did not use prescription medication and did not have at least four or more mental health visits in the past year. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the probability adults with mental health need did not receive past-year treatment (n=5,315). Results. Seventy-seven percent of Californians with mental health need received no or inadequate mental health treatment in 2013. Men, Latinos, Asians, young people, older adults, people with less education, uninsured adults, and individuals with limited English proficiency were significantly more likely to have unmet need. Cost of treatment and mental health stigma were common reasons for lack of care. Conclusion. Unmet mental health need is predominant in California. Policy recommendations include continued expansion of mental health coverage, early identification, and ensuring that treatment is culturally and linguistically appropriate.
Homeschoolers’ Vaccination Perception and Rate
Authors: Troupe Danika , Carrol Molly , McWilliams Elin , Swift Paige , Li Ying
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: School vaccination laws have played a critical role in ensuring the success of the United States' immunization policy. Recent outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) in homeschool populations have raised concerns that homeschoolers are under-vaccinated. Little vaccination-related research has been conducted within the homeschool population. To fill the void in the literature, this study explored homeschooling parents' opinions regarding vaccination and examined the vaccination rates of their children in comparison to public/private school population. Methods: A convenience sample of 137 homeschool and public/private school parents in Washington state participated in a 36-question cross-sectional online survey. Results: The homeschooling parents reported significantly lower vaccination rates of their children, lower perceived benefits of vaccination, lower perceived susceptibility to VPDs if unvaccinated, and higher perceived barriers in comparison to the public/private school parents. Overall the participants expressed a preference for less governmental regulation of vaccinations, though homeschooling parents express an even stronger preference for same. Conclusions: Homeschool and public/private school population differed in the vaccination rate and vaccination related opinions. Further research among homeschool population and examination of immunization policy is needed.
Public Health Law Analysis of Shared Use Agreements in Los Angeles County,
Authors: Winig Benjamin D. , Kuo Tony
Published: July 2019

Los Angeles County communities have implemented a variety of shared use arrangements to promote physical activity among residents who live near schools. However, little has been documented or is presently known about the strengths and limitations of these legal arrangements for achieving this goal. This legal analysis addresses a gap in public health practice. A public health law analysis was conducted to review 20 shared used agreements implemented in Los Angeles County during 2010-2014. Some schools and communities have entered into lengthy, detailed contracts; others have opted for simple applications, licenses, and permits; others have used memoranda of understanding. Findings suggest that regardless of the legal mechanism used to document the parties’ intentions, including language that describes each party’s interest in community health, health equity, and long-term sustainability represents a best practice that should be considered in every shared use agreement.
Focusing on Excessive Gestational Weight Gain through Weight Tracking Among Participants of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in Southern California
Authors: Koleilat Maria , Kim Loan P. , Whaley Shannon E.
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: Studies have shown that maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) lead to adverse health outcomes for the mother and her offspring. Yet, knowledge of the best way to intervene is still lacking. The objective of this study was to develop, pilot and evaluate a sustainable intervention to prevent excessive GWG among participants of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in southern California. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study where the intervention group received an individual education program that included a GWG tracker. The historical control group was a group of women from the same WIC site who gave birth before the start of the intervention, therefore did not receive the intervention. Chi-square tests and t-tests were used to compare characteristics of the control and intervention groups and the proportions of women exceeding the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations for GWG. Results: The impact of the intervention was strongest for overweight women. 62.5% of the control group gained more than the recommended amount compared to 48.6% in the intervention group. Conclusion: A simple weight tracking intervention could be a cost-neutral way to help WIC participants avoid excessive GWG.
Seasonal Variation of Physical Activity in Community-Living vs. Residential-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Barkley Sherry A. , Herrmann Stephen D.
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: Although physical activity (PA) is important for all ages including older adults, participation may be influenced by weather variation and access to programming. Our primary aim was determine if PA participation is influenced by season and place of residence. A secondary aim was to compare objective and subjective measure of PA participation. Methods: Participants included older individuals (age>65) living in a residential retirement community (RR) with access to an on-site fitness facility (n=7) and additional volunteers (n=9) who lived at home and traveled to exercise at a nonresidential community (NR) activities center Accelerometers were used to measure daily PA during the summer and again during the winter. Results: PA for the NR group was higher in the summer (268.4�73.7 min vs. RR=186.8�68.0, p=0.039), but not in the winter (NR=261.8�92.6 min, RR=182.0�72.5, p=0.082). No within-group change in PA was noted from summer to winter for either group (p>0.05). The correlation between subjective and objective measures of PA was low (r=.262). Conclusion: Access to appropriate facilities and programming serves to help older individuals maintain PA levels despite seasonal weather variations. The low correlation between objective and subjective measures suggest a need to re-evaluate methods of tracking PA participation by older adults.
Health Communication in Neonatal Intensive Care
Authors: Kodjebacheva Gergana Damianova , Creech Constance , Walker Loretta , Linton Mary , Inoue Susumu , Alnarshi Joseph , Monga Ranjan
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: Health communication interventions to successfully promote satisfaction with care among parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) are limited. This study investigated strategies for effective health communication in the NICU through focus groups with parents and nurses, and individual interviews with neonatologists. Methods: Eight parents, seventeen nurses, and three neonatologists from one NICU in Genesee County, Michigan participated. Results: Parents expressed a preference for daily, face-to-face communication with the physician. They recommended the use of visual aids to help with understanding infants� conditions. One such aid would be a baby diary to serve as the infant�s daily progress report for the parent to review during the visit. A communication strategy used by nurses was providing parents with the most up-to-date information in an approachable, reassuring manner. Physicians suggested interactive communication practice sessions as strategies to increase effective communication between physicians and parents. Physician-to-nurse strategies consisted of building trustworthy relationships by holding scientific forums, discussing health care disagreements, and accepting differing opinions. Conclusion: Future research may assess the influence of strategies recommended in this study on parental satisfaction with care and adherence to treatment recommendations as well as on health care provider self-efficacy.
Demographic Predictors of the Perceived Likelihood of Hiring a Health Care Advocate
Authors: McKinley Lauren E. , Mansoor Mathew M. , Van Liew Charles , McKinnon Symone A. , Cronan Terry A.
Published: July 2019

Background and Significance: The field of health care advocacy developed in response to the growing complexity of the health care system. A Health Care Advocate (HCA) is a trained professional who can help patients navigate the health care system. In the present study we investigated the effects of social support, number of people with whom individuals reside, gender, age, income, and race on the perceived likelihood of hiring an HCA for oneself. Method: Nine hundred and eighty-seven adults (Mage = 45.48 years, SD = 17.33 years, 55.4% female) were randomly selected and asked to complete a questionnaire. To explore the relationships of the perceived likelihood of hiring an HCA, path-analytic models using full-information maximum likelihood (FIML) estimation were tested, using Stata 12.1. Results: The model fit well statistically, ? 2 (5, N = 987) = 8.50, p = 0.131, and descriptively, CFI = 0.999, RMSEA = 0.027, pclose = 0.891, CD = 0.205. Conclusion: Overall, the model accounted for 4.30% of the variance in Hire HCA. More research is needed to better understand the role of an HCA in our complex and everchanging health care system.
Pilot Study of a Cross-Sector Partnership to Integrate Inner-City Community College Students into a School Based Health Promotion Program
Authors: Reader Stacia , Aleong Charmaine
Published: July 2019

While overweight and obesity continue to be significant public health problems in the United States, especially among minority and disadvantaged youth, there are also many initiatives in the school environment that aim to combat these concerns. The effectiveness of these interventions is of course a major point of interest. This paper describes issues raised in an early-stage cross-sector partnership between a community-based organization (CBO) and an urban community college for tackling obesity in public school children. Seven college students worked as paid interns in the CBO�s New York City Public School-based health promotion program located in the Bronx. As part of the program, college students paired with chefs to educate schoolchildren about healthy eating. This study examines the successes, challenges and lessons learned from the themes that arose in the college students� pre and post surveys and logs, faculty journal entries and notes from a debriefing session with CBO staff. The college students reported multiple successes such as applying their nutrition knowledge, an interest in working in their community and positive changes in some of the schoolchildren�s and college students� eating behaviors. Challenges included a short and chaotic lunch period, which discouraged healthy eating, and a lack of buy-in from the school staff and parents. This study highlights the issue of cultural relatability and the effectiveness of role models originating in the community. When this factor is taken into account, crosssector partnerships, which develop programming to expose individuals to healthy, affordable food, may have a long-term impact on the participants and the community in which they live.
Promoting Physical Activity in Parks
Authors: Wilson Kathleen S. , Kato Brittany , Garcia Elia
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: Adding outdoor gym equipment to a park has the potential to influence the physical activity of park users. This study piloted the feasibility of utilizing kinesiology students as physical activity coaches to promote physical activity and to motivate park users to use the outdoor exercise equipment in public parks. Methods: Pairs of student coaches (N=24) were placed in 10 parks throughout four cities for a total of 12 coaching sessions per week for 11 weeks. Students were trained in motivational interviewing techniques and behavior change skills to incorporate during their interactions with park users. Data was collected using attendance at the coaching sessions as well as the Systems for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities to scan park use before and after the pilot. Descriptive statistics and dependent t-tests were used to compare the difference in park use. Results: Students coached 205 residents and tracked 475 residents using the exercise equipment. There was no significant difference in park use (p=.066) or exercise equipment use (p=0.58), although numbers were lower after the pilot. However, the percentage of vigorously active users on the exercise equipment remained constant (37.9% vs. 36.3%, p=. 91). Conclusion: Despite no differences in use over time, the student coaches engaged with many users, supporting the feasibility of this approach.
Father’s Role in Secondhand Smoke Exposure During Pregnancy
Authors: Huang Yan
Published: July 2019

Background: The effects of smoke from tobacco products are harmful to pregnant mothers and their unborn children. The problem is not limited to mothers who themselves smoke; fathers who are smokers expose expectant mothers to secondhand smoke. This review identifies and examines the role fathers play in exposing pregnant mothers to passive smoke that leads to secondary medical conditions for women and their children. Methods: The study examined 70 articles from peer-reviewed journals in the following databases: Scopus, Science Direct, Wiley Online, MEDLINE, ProQuest Central, and PsycINFO. The literature search focused on articles with publication dates from 2006 to 2016. Results: A total of 10 articles provided evidence for various effects of secondhand smoke such as asthma, spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, congenital malformations, and low birth weight. Furthermore, the literature presented an extensive background regarding the paternal role in a pregnant mother’s exposure to smoke. Conclusion: Paternal smoking during pregnancy has a significant effect on the health of the mother and the child during pregnancy. Health care professionals should reinforce safety measures for pregnant women to prevent medical disorders resulting from exposure to smoking
Taking on a Community Solutions Process (Co-Solve) to the Pain and Opioid Epidemic
Authors: Ramezani Amir , Roberto Lori K. , Andrade Alex L. , DeMesa Charles , Carver Ryan , Khan Raheel A. , Aria Leslie , Rockers Daniel , Barry Lisa , Rasmussen Cassandra , Malekafzali Saideh , Aurora Maji Singh , Cohen Catherine , Rogers Carrie G. , Lloyd Stacie
Published: July 2019

America’s healthcare providers and patients are challenged by an overwhelming high prevalence of chronic pain and opioid misuse. Approximately 23.4 million adults suffer from daily pain and in 2014, nearly 61% of Americans who died from drug overdoses used an opioid analgesic. Unrecognized addiction, untreated psychiatric comorbidity, and lack of training/education for providers and patients are factors associated with chronic pain and opioid misuse. Communication strategies and structures are required to enhance collaboration between multidisciplinary providers and institutions. On September 28, 2017, an open panel discussion with pain specialists from three major academic and medical institutes in Sacramento, California initiated an integrative community solutions process to optimize pain education best practices and to protect public health. The attendees represented a wide range of healthcare disciplines. This commentary describes ideas derived from dialogue between community attendees and panelists, which considers both healthcare provider characteristics and patients’ cultural backgrounds. Providers of most disciplines underscored the need to share information and institute cross-disciplinary training on pain and behavioral health treatments. In conclusion, we outline an integrative community-based framework, namely the Community Solutions Process (Co-Solve), to help other communities to implement and derive their own action-oriented solutions unique to their population.
Operation Teddy
Authors: Ellingson Lyndall
Published: July 2019

Current adolescent HIV infection rates support the need for early HIV/AIDS prevention education. This article describes a successful service-learning project in which undergraduate health education students developed and taught an elementaryschool HIV/AIDS prevention education curriculum that included a compassion component involving donation of teddy bears to community members affected with HIV/AIDS.
Tomorrow’s Headline Makers, Today
Authors: Le Michael
Published: July 2019

The Orange County Friday Night Live Programs comprise three, youth-led programs designed to foster youth leadership skills while learning to engage in healthy lifestyles free of drugs, tobacco, and alcohol. The three programs discussed are Friday Night Live, Club Live, and Friday Night Live Kids.
Dehydration, Rehydration, and Hyponatremia
Authors: Lamarine Roland J.
Published: July 2019

Current health culture suggests that sedentary individuals should be consuming at least eight, eight ounce glasses of water each day. This injunction further stipulates that the water requirement cannot be adequately met by consumption of sweetened, caffeinated, or alcohol containing fluids. An additional concern is that thirst may not serve as an adequate early indicator of hydration needs. These propositions are reviewed in light of current research findings and suggestions are submitted for appropriate emendation of these rules.
Introduction to CD-ROM Production in Health Education
Authors: Tomita Mark
Published: July 2019

Compact disc (CD-ROM) computer technology have been around for at least a decade, but health educators have been slow to use this technology for health education purposes. This paper describes the process of CD-ROM production in health education.
Future of Technology in Health Education
Authors: Kittleson Mark J.
Published: July 2019

Dr. Mark Kittleson, Founder and Editor of the International Electronic Journal of Health Education (IEJHE), provides a vision for the future of technology in health education.
Mexican American Health Issues for the 21st Century
Authors: Lopez Paul
Published: July 2019

This paper addresses some of the more important health issues affecting the Mexican American community in the 21st century. These health issues are the lack of access to affordable health care and health insurance, and the lack of health research on the Mexican American community.
Language Sensitive Health Education – Lessons from the Field
Authors: Portis Mary
Published: July 2019

In these times of language diverse communities, it is difficult to present health education programs in the first language of every participant. Use of language-sensitive techniques helps those with limited English to understand the health message and learn health skills. This article describes simple techniques that can be incorporated into any program serving low income, language-diverse populations. / En estos tiempos de comunidades con diversos idiomas, es muy difícil de presentar programas educativos de salud en el primer idioma de cada participante. El uso de técnicas que sean sensitivas a diversos idiomas ayudan a aquellos con Ingles limitado a entender el mensaje de salud, al igual que aprender destrezas de salud. Este artículo describe técnicas simples que pueden ser incorporadas en cualquier programa que provea servicios a poblaciones de bajo ingreso y diversos idiomas.
Community Outreach Partnership Center (COPC)
Authors: Brown Kristine , Sturges James
Published: July 2019

With the continued influx of Mexican immigrants to the United States, especially to Southern California, health concerns and needs have increased among this population over the last several years. California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona) obtained a federal grant that provided resources to establish the Community Outreach Partnership Center (COPC). COPC consists of comprehensive efforts to improve the overall well-being of the Angela Chanslor area within the City of Pomona in East Los Angeles. Focus areas of the project include 1) Education and Integrated Services, 2) Community Planning and Capacity Building for Neighborhood Revitalization and Safety, and 3) Job Development and Training. The focus of this paper is health promotion activities within Education and Integrated Services. The primary objective of this portion of the program was to provide residents with physical examinations and health screenings, health education, and medical and social service referrals. Topics discussed are the target community, general overview of COPC, Family Services Information and Referral Program (i.e. health promotion program within Education and Integrated Services), program impact and results, and suggestions for continued implementation and future efforts. / Con la influencia continua de inmigrantes Mexicanos a los Estados Unidos, especialmente al sur de California, ciertas necesidades con respecto a la salud han incrementado en esta poblacion en los ultimos anos. California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona). Obtuvo ayuda Federal para establecer El Community Outreach Partnership Center (COPC). El centro COPC consiste de esfuerzos conprensivos para mejorar el bienestar del area Angela Chanslor que esta ubicado en la Ciudad de Pomona en la parte Este de Los Angeles. Las partes enfocadas del proyecto incluyen, 1) Educacion y servicios Integrados, 2) Plan para la Comunidad y un Edificio de Capacitacion para la comunidad que dara revitalizacion y seguridad, 3) Y habrira trabajos y entrenamientos. El enfoque de este proyecto es de actividades en Promocion de Salud aliadas con educacion y Servicios Integrados. El objetivo principal de esta porcion del programa era de proveer a los residentes con examinaciones fisicas, educacion para la salud, y eran referidas a servicios medicos y sociales. Los topicos que son tratados son: La comunidad que sera ayudada, El enfoque general de COPC, informacion del programa para referir a servicios familiares, el impacto del programa y resultados, y sugerencias para implementar futuros esfuerzos.
Lead Poisoning in Hispanic Children
Authors: Aguirre Marci , Hernandez Sara
Published: July 2019

Hispanic children represent 65% of the cases of lead poisoned children in San Bernardino County. This article discusses the local statistics regarding lead poisoning in San Bernardino County and cultural factors associated with the risk of lead poisoning among Hispanic children. Los niños Hispanos representan 65% de los casos con envenenamiento por plomo, en el condado de San Bernardino. Este articulo discute las estadisticas locales de los casos de envenenamiento por plomo en el condado de San Bernardino y los factores culturales asociados con el riesgo de envenenamiento por plomo entre los niños hispanos.
Characteristics of Selected Migrant Farm Workers in West Texas and Southern New Mexico
Authors: Poss Jane E. , Pierce Rebecca
Published: July 2019

Approximately 4.2 million migrant and seasonal farmworkers and their families work in the United States, and 1.6 million are classified as migrants. Migrant farmworkers are known to have more health problems than the general population, and they lack dependable access to health care services. Little is known about the status of farmworkers in the area surrounding El Paso, Texas. We report here the results of a survey of the demographic and health characteristics of 150 migrant farmworkers in West Texas and Southern New Mexico. / Aproximadamente 4.2 millones de trabajadores agrícolas emigrantes y temporales y sus familias trabajan en los Estados Unidos, y 1.6 millones son clasificados como trabajadores emigrantes. Se conoce que los trabajadores agrícolas emigrantes tienen más problemas de salud que la población en general, y ellos no tienen acceso confiable a servicios de cuidado de salud. Se sabe muy poco sobre el estatus de los trabajadores agrícolas en el área alrededor de El Paso, Texas. Aquí reportamos los resultados de un estudio demográfico y las características de salud de 150 trabajadores agrícolas emigrantes en el oeste de Texas y sur de Nuevo México.
Spanish-Language Community Radio as a Resource for Health Promotion Campaigns Targeted to Farmworkers and Recent Immigrants
Authors: Kissam Edward , Intili Jo Ann
Published: July 2019

This report describes findings from recent audience research on the impact of health promotion campaigns conducted by Radio Bilingue, a Spanish-language community public radio network. The discussion includes estimates of audience size and analysis of the station’s ability to reach the population targeted in the health promotion campaigns: low-literate farmworkers, recent immigrants, and the parents of pre-school age children. The authors conclude that station identity and communication style play a crucial role in catalyzing listeners’ discussion of health topics with family members, friends, neighbors, and co-workers. This, in turn, has important implications for developing health promotion strategies and designing media campaigns directed to Latino immigrant populations.
2003 California Health Framework Available Now
Authors: Day Jeri
Published: July 2019

The 2003 Health Framework for California Public Schools was adopted by the State Board of Education on March 6, 2002. This edition includes the content of the 1994 Framework while updating information on curriculum development, health literacy, positive asset development among youth, research-based programs, school safety, and special populations.
Alternative Medicine Attitudes and Practices of U.S. College Students
Authors: Lamarine Roland , Fisher K. John , Sbarbaro Victor
Published: July 2019

This study determined attitudes and practices, including gender differences, of college students regarding advocacy and use of alternative medicine. A convenience sample of students enrolled in undergraduate health classes from universities in five separate regions of the United States was surveyed using a written questionnaire. A total of 561 undergraduate and graduate students volunteered for this study. Results of this survey indicated that the majority of college students favor the use of alternative medicine and the majority of users reported satisfaction with alternative medicine. Significant gender differences were uncovered regarding use of, and advocacy for, alternative medicine.
Personalized Enhancement Smoking Cessation Training Program (PEP)
Authors: Lim V. Joyce , Modeste Naomi N. , Williams Yolanda
Published: July 2019

Smoking is the number one preventable public health problem in America. The African America community has a disproportionately high rate of smoking related diseases and illnesses compared to some other population groups. The purpose of this project was to train Faith-based members to conduct smoking cessation programs among underserved African Americans and to educate youth and adults about the harmful effects of second hand smoke. Twenty-one individuals were recruited into the program and 17 completed the training. As a result of the training, 118 persons attended cessation programs conducted by the teams.