bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Music teacher's systematic idea of the national musical culture
Authors: Shi Ma
Published: November 2022

The author claims that a systematic idea of the musical culture (first of all, the native culture) is a part of the general competence of an educated person and an essential component of Music teacher’s professional competence. The formation of such idea is an urgent task for institutions of pedagogical education in Ukraine and the People's Republic of China. Solution to this problem involves the improvement of training forms and methods. The modern training process should move away from teaching insignificant factual knowledge, excessively detailed abstract provisions. It is necessary to focus efforts on the living, flexible, and systematic ideas of musical cultures, tested on the experience of one's own artistic activity. The main goal of the article is to reveal the psychological nature and to substantiate the model of the musical culture systemic idea. Attention is paid to the terms concept, picture, image of culture; some shades of their meanings are revealed; the author prefers the terminological expression systemic idea. The concept Idea is interpreted in a broad psychological sense. The meaning of this term includes not only trace images stored in human memory, but also generalized images that reflect classes of objects. Thus, the idea of musical culture is interpreted as a complex of psychological properties. It can be represented by a structural model, the components of which are: 1) specific sensual images that arose as a result of the artistic artifacts and acts perception; 2) empirical knowledge and overviews of musical culture; 3) theoretical concepts of musical language, types of composition, styles and genres, historical development of creative practice; 4) some important factual knowledge about musicians and musical artifacts, cultural events, social institutions, etc.; 5) interests and value attitude to certain aspects and properties, or to the entire national musical culture.
Gig economy workers in the European Union: towards changing their legal classification
Authors:   Professor of European Legal Policy and Law & Tech, TalTech -Tallinn University of Technology, Kerikmäe Tanel , Kajander Aleksi ,   Junior Researcher, TalTech-Tallinn University of Technology
Published: November 2022

While the classification of gig economy workers under European labour law has been controversial for many years, the COVID-19 pandemic made it a priority. The role of the gig economy has changed: from being an employment option that provides supplementary income, it has become many people’s main income source, which is why the European Union (EU) announced its intention to address this issue. In 2021, there was intense activity around gig economy jurisprudence across Europe, with supreme courts in several member states making judgements and new laws classifying the participants in this sector of the labour market. This paper draws on three case studies – from the UK, the Netherlands and Spain – to explore recent developments in gig economy jurisprudence and to draw conclusions for the future.
Cybersecurity in the era of hypercompetitiveness: can the EU meet the new challenges?
Authors:   Senior Advisor, BusinessEurope (writing in his private capacity), Munkøe Malthe , Mölder Holger ,   Associate Professor in International Relations, TalTech-Tallinn University of Technology
Published: November 2022

In her 2021 State of the Union address, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen stressed the need to improve EU cybersecurity. The threat landscape is diverse and changing, and includes disinformation and fake news, cyber-attacks on government infrastructure and interference in elections in third countries. With this in mind, in December 2020 the EU unveiled a new Cybersecurity Strategy that includes legislative and institutional initiatives: from the revision of the NIS Directive – the EU’s first cybersecurity legislation – to the establishment of a cybershield to identify large-scale cyber-attacks. To be effective in this field, which involves a multitude of actors, the EU will need to ensure robust cooperation and information exchange, both at national and European level, as well as with NATO.
Aprendamos del queso Paipa
Authors: Acuña Rodríguez Olga Yanet , Chaparro Correa Íngrid Helena , Albesiano Fernández Luis Enrique , Castellanos Pulido Laura Valentina , Acuña Rodríguez Blanca Ofelia , Cobo Mejía Elisa Andrea , Rojas Rojas Lizeth Rocío , Pinzón Camargo Libia Carolina
Published: November 2022

La cartilla Aprendamos del queso en Paipa es una invitación al reconocimiento del queso como patrimonio identitario del área rural del municipio de Paipa. Contiene narrativas, cuentos, ilustraciones y juegos en sus cuatro apartados: Relatos y saberes del queso en Paipa ¿Cómo es el proceso para hacer queso en Paipa? ¿Quiénes hacen queso en Paipa? ¿Qué aprendiste? Desarrolla tu creatividad.
Comparing human coding to two natural language processing algorithms in aspirations of people affected by Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Schwartz Carolyn E. , Stark Roland B. , Biletch Elijah , Stuart Richard B.B. ,   Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Published: November 2022

Qualitative methods can enhance our understanding of constructs that have not been well portrayed and enable nuanced depiction of experience from study participants who have not been broadly studied. However, qualitative data require time and effort to train raters to achieve validity and reliability. This study compares recent advances in Natural Language Processing (NLP) models with human coding. This web-based study (N=1,253; 3,046 free-text entries, averaging 64 characters per entry) included people with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), their siblings, and a representative comparison group. Human raters (n=6) were trained over multiple sessions in content analysis as per a comprehensive codebook. Three prompts addressed distinct aspects of participants’ aspirations. Unsupervised NLP was implemented using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), which extracts latent topics across all the free-text entries. Supervised NLP was done using a Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model, which requires training the algorithm to recognize relevant human-coded themes across free-text entries. We compared the human-, LDA-, and BERT-coded themes. Study sample contained 286 people with DMD, 355 DMD siblings, and 997 comparison participants, age 8-69. Human coders generated 95 codes across the three prompts and had an average inter-rater reliability (Fleiss’s kappa) of 0.77, with minimal rater-effect (pseudo R2=4%). Compared to human coders, LDA does not yield easily interpretable themes. BERT correctly classified only 61-70% of the validation set. LDA and BERT required technical expertise to program and took approximately 1.15 minutes per open-text entry, compared to 1.18 minutes for human raters including training time. LDA and BERT provide potentially viable approaches to analyzing large-scale qualitative data, but both have limitations. When text entries are short, LDA yields latent topics that are hard to interpret. BERT accurately identified only about two thirds of new statements. Humans provided reliable and cost-effective coding in the web-based context. The upfront training enables BERT to process enormous quantities of text data in future work, which should examine NLP’s predictive accuracy given different quantities of training data.
Effects of metal layers on chemical vapor deposition of diamond films
Authors: Izsák Tibor , Vanko Gabriel , Babčenko Oleg , Zat’ko Bohumír , Kromka Alexander
Published: November 2022

Diamond is recognized as one of the most promising wide bandgap materials for advanced electronic applications. However, for many practical uses, hybrid diamond growth combining metal electrodes is often demanded. Here, we present the influence of thin metal (Ni, Ir, Au) layers on diamond growth by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MWCVD) employing two different concepts. In the first concept, a flat substrate (GaN) was initially coated with a thin metal layer, then exposed to the diamond MWCVD process. In the second concept, the thin diamond film was firstly formed, then it was overcoated with the metal layer and finally, once again exposed to the diamond MWCVD. It should be mentioned that this concept allows the implementation of the metal electrode into the diamond bulk. It was confirmed that the Ni thin films (15 nm) hinder the formation of diamond crystals resulting in the formation of an amorphous carbon layer. Contrary to this finding, the Ir layer resulted in a successful overgrowth by the fully closed diamond film. However, by employing concept 2 (ie hybrid diamond/metal/diamond composite), the thin Ir layer was found to be unstable and transferred into the isolated clusters, which were overgrown by the diamond film. Using the Au/Ir (30/15 nm) bilayer system stabilized the metallization and no diamond growth was observed on the metal layer.
Comparison of methods for determining speech voicing based on tests performed on paired consonants and continuous speech
Authors: Malucha Jan , Sigmund Milan
Published: November 2022

Voicing is an important phonetic characteristic of speech. Each phoneme belongs to a group of either voiced or unvoiced sounds. We investigated and compared the performance of five algorithms widely used to estimate speech voicing. All algorithms were implemented in Matlab and tested on both short consonants and continuous speech. Phonetically paired consonants (voiced vs unvoiced) and parts of read speech from audio books were used in the experiments. The tuned harmonics-to-noise ratio method gave the best results in both situations, ie for consonants and continuous speech. Using this method, the overall voicing of Czech, Polish, Hungarian and English was investigated. Hungarian speech showed the highest proportion of voiced parts, approx. 75 %. In other languages, the proportion of voiced parts was around 70 %.
Voltage THD limits for three- and single-phase multilevel inverters
Authors: Rehaoulia Abir
Published: November 2022

This paper deals with single and three phase multilevel inverters power quality. The voltage total harmonic distortion rate is an important criterion for choosing the number of inverter levels and checking compatibility with power quality requirements. In this study, the author raises an interesting issue related to the definition of voltage THD boundaries with upper and lower limits. The problem is reformulated, and a novel and more practical approach is developed for three- and single-phase multilevel inverters. Found upper and lower voltage THD limits are sufficiently verified with most known switching algorithms like sinusoidal modulation (SM) with phase disposition (PD), space vector modulation (SVM) and selective harmonic elimination (SHE). They are also valid for cascaded (H-Bridge), neutral point clamped (NPC) and flying capacitors (FC) multilevel inverters.
International sustainability reporting standards: A comparative analysis
Authors: MALINOVSKAYA Natal'ya V.
Published: November 2022

Subject. This article discusses the Exposure Drafts of International Sustainability Reporting Standards.
Objectives. The article aims to explore the particularities of the architecture of Drafts Sustainability Reporting Standards submitted by the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) under the IFRS Foundation and the Project Task Force on European Sustainability Reporting Standards.
Methods. For the study, I used analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalization.
Results. Based on a comparative analysis of the architecture, provisions and substance of the Exposure Drafts submitted by the two developers, the article notes that there are certain differences in aspects of the organization's activities covered by the studied systems of standards, goal-setting, and approaches to determining the materiality and applicability.
Conclusions and Relevance. The Exposure Drafts of the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) under the IFRS Foundation aim to meet the information needs of capital markets, and they are based on the concept of financial materiality. The application of the European Standards will provide information in the field of sustainable development to a wide range of stakeholders, since they are based on the concept of double materiality. Both the systems aim to create conditions for more complete, coherent, comparable, and verifiable information in the field of sustainable development. The results of the study can be applied in the development of Russian requirements for the disclosure of sustainability-related information.
Development of accounting in Russia (1991–2021): The results and prospects
Authors: KOZMENKOVA Svetlana V. , ALBOROV Rolan A.
Published: November 2022

Subject. This article deals with the issues of reforming the accounting and reporting system in Russia.
Objectives. The article aims to analyze the results of reforming the accounting and reporting system in Russia over the past thirty years and identify the main trends in its further development.
Methods. For the study, we used analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy, and comparison.
Results. Based on the conducted analysis, the article shows the main ways of reforming accounting and reporting in Russia over the past thirty years, as well as possible trends in its further development.
Conclusions and Relevance. The article concludes about the development of accounting in Russia in connection with the emergence of a number of important aspects, as well as the need to revise the main areas of reforming the accounting and reporting system under the current crisis situation and economic sanctions against Russia. The results of the study can be used to further develop the theory and methodology of accounting in the Russian Federation.
Conceptual provisions of tax incentives for economic growth in Russia
Authors: MANDROSHCHENKO Ol'ga V.
Published: November 2022

Subject. The article addresses Russia's production potential, tax incentives for priority sectors of the national economy.
Objectives. The focus is on the analysis of investment opportunities of the business and prospects for economic growth in Russia.
Methods. The study draws on general scientific research methods.
Results. The suggested measures include reducing the tax burden on organizations associated with high technologies, supporting small and medium-sized businesses by revising certain provisions of the tax legislation.
Conclusions. The proposed methods of tax incentives will contribute to economic growth by expanding business investment opportunities.
A study of motivating factors of the educational process of students
Authors: ASTAF'EVA Ol'ga V.
Published: November 2022

Subject. This article discusses the issues of organization of the teaching and learning process at a higher education institution.
Objectives. The article aims to find methods to increase the involvement of students in the learning experiences, to ensure a better assimilation of learning support materials.
Methods. For the study, I used a comparative analysis and generalization.
Results. The article identifies factors that are important for students regarding their involvement in the training process at a higher education institution.
Conclusions. The results of the study may be of interest to the developers of training courses and be used to optimize the teaching and learning process at a higher education establishment.
The national projects implementation effect on the living conditions and standards of the Russian Far East population: Evidence from the Amur Oblast
Authors: D'YACHENKO Vladimir N. , LAZAREVA Viktoriya V.
Published: November 2022

Subject. This article analyzes the housing conditions in the peripheral region.
Objectives. The article aims to assess the differentiation in providing the population of the Amur Oblast districts with housing and analyze the implementation of the national project Housing and Urban Environment.
Methods. For the study, we used a comparative analysis.
Results. The article reveals areas of concern and challenges to the implementation of projects on housing and urban environment in the Amur Oblast and offers certain recommendations to solve the problems encountered.
Conclusions. The results obtained can be used by the regional and local authorities to implement the national project Housing and Urban Environment.
participación ciudadana a partir de la propuesta pedagógica EEPE
Authors: Cedrés Felipe , D´Ambrosio Leticia , Machín Emanuel
Published: November 2022

El presente trabajo identifica el potencial que tiene la propuesta pedagógica Enseñanza de la Ecología en el Patio de la Escuela (EEPE) para promover la participación ciudadana en la gestión de sus territorios y el desarrollo de acciones comunitarias de conservación de los recursos naturales y culturales. Se realizaron entrevistas estructuradas y auto-administradas a docentes que implementan la propuesta en diferentes países y contextos. Asimismo, por medio de observación participante sobre grupos que la ponen en práctica, se llevó a cabo un análisis de carácter vivencial enriqueciendo el muestreo efectuado. Los resultados obtenidos ponen en evidencia que la EEPE ofrece una herramienta de investigación simple y concisa que incentiva la capacidad de conocer, cuestionar y conservar el entorno socio-ambiental. Además, esta propuesta promueve la adquisición de actitudes y valores fundamentales para trabajar en equipo, como son la confianza hacia uno mismo y hacia los compañeros, el respeto y la generación de vínculos afectivos entre los seres humanos y el medio natural, los cuales resultan aspectos cruciales para la participación en procesos de gestión ambiental en el entorno local.
Drag and Heat Transfer of Double-Disk Spiked Blunt Body at Mach 5.7
Authors: Narayana Gopalakrishna , Selvaraj Saravanan
Published: November 2022

This study focuses on exploring the possibility of addressing aerodynamic drag and heat transfer on a blunt body by placing a modified aerospike at the nose of a high-speed vehicle. Designed spiked configurations mounted over a blunt body are termed a double spike. This study examines the overall performance of these spikes in terms of drag and heat transfer. Experiments are carried out in a shock-tunnel facility, capable of simulating the enthalpy effect at high Mach number. Drag measurements over the spiked blunt body were done using an internally mountable accelerometer balance system at a freestream Mach number of 5.7 and enthalpy of 1.1 MJ/kg. Simulations using the three-dimensional finite volume-based solver High Resolution Flow Solver on Unstructured meshes lead to the selection of double-spike configurations for experimentation. Interestingly, schlieren and simulations observed the flow phenomenon modifications by the double spike with the hemispherical cap/disk at the midsection of the spike. For a specific configuration of the midspike, this study indicates that the shear layer detached by the spike tip would interact with the midspike compared to the single-spike configurations. The results show that these double-spike configurations reduce the localized heat transfer over a blunt-body surface without appreciable change in the drag. Double-spike configurations with varying midsection spike geometry, locations, and thickness of the spike are investigated. The contributions of the spike length, cap diameter, and midspike shape on overall drag and localized heat transfer were analyzed.
Mars Entry, Descent, and Landing Instrumentation 2 Trajectory, Aerodynamics, and Atmosphere Reconstruction
Authors: Karlgaard Christopher D. , Schoenenberger Mark , Dutta Soumyo , Way David W.
Published: November 2022

On February 18th, 2021, the Mars 2020 entry system successfully delivered the Perseverance rover to the surface of Mars at Jezero Crater. The entry capsule carried a set of instrumentation installed on the heat shield and backshell, named the “Mars Entry, Descent, and Landing Instrumentation 2.” The instruments include pressure transducers, thermocouples, heat flux gauges, and radiometers to measure the aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic performance of the entry vehicle. This paper describes the trajectory and atmosphere reconstruction results based on the pressure sensor measurements. The process uses a Kalman filter approach to estimate the freestream atmospheric properties from the pressure measurements combined with a model of the pressure distribution of the heatshield and other sensor inputs, including an inertial measurement unit and other on-board navigation sensors, and several external atmospheric observations. The results indicate that the upper altitude density was up to 150% higher than nominal, which is consistent with the observed early entry guidance start time. The density below 40 km was within 12% of the preflight predictions. The reconstructed axial force coefficient was approximately 2% lower than the preflight prediction across the flight range.
Hypersonic Boundary-Layer Disturbances on a Cooled, Slender Cone at Mach 6
Authors: Paquin Laura A. , Skinner Shaun N. , Laurence Stuart J.
Published: November 2022

This paper presents an experimental study of the effect of wall cooling on the boundary-layer structures of a sharp-nosed, 5° half-angle cone in Mach 6 flow. An experimental methodology was developed that allowed quantitative measurements of second-mode disturbance growth over a range of wall-temperature ratios from [Formula: see text] without modifying the freestream disturbance environment. The cooling system comprised probe cooling, liquid nitrogen injection, and thermal insulation. The model temperature was monitored before each run, with thermocouples mounted at the base and nosetip piece agreeing within 3.3 K. Calibrated schlieren provided global and time-resolved measurements of the boundary-layer features at a freestream unit Reynolds number of [Formula: see text]. An increase in wall-cooling level was associated with a shrinking of the boundary layer and a lowering of wavepacket structure angle at the wall. Despite some outlying results, an overall trend of increasing disturbance frequency with decreasing surface temperature was observed; additionally, cooling increased the spectral amplitude and growth rate of second-mode disturbances, pushing the point of saturation upstream.
CURRENT STATE OF RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF DIGITAL MARKETING
Authors:   Chernihiv Polytechnic National University, Zabashtanska Tetiana
Published: November 2022

The emergence of digital economy around the world states that the world changes the established patterns of the economic entities’ functioning and creates new conditions for their further development. Digital technologies have a special impact on the functioning of enterprises in various spheres and sectors of the national economy. Modern information and communication technologies are radically changing the marketing system of business entities, resulting in the active development of digital marketing system, which has its own principles and features of operation. The importance and relevance of the use of modern digital marketing tools for business development is confirmed by the growing interest of scientists in conducting research in this area.The aim of the article is to analyze the current state of research in the field of digital marketing and identify current trends in the study of the origins of scientists, the development of this type of marketing in modern conditions of digital economy around the worldThus, it is defined within the article that digital marketing is today an important and integral part of the transformation process of business entities as a result of the impact of digital technologies. Within the article, the statistical information extracted from the Scopus scientometric database on scientific publications in the field of digital marketing is analyzed. Accordingly, the trends in the number of such publications in 1990-2050 were studied, and research centers in this field were identified. The analysis of articles in general in the field of marketing allows us to conclude that the share of scientific publications in the field of digital marketing in the total number of works on marketing will increase in the future.The results of the analysis give grounds to state a significant level of the digital marketing potential, insufficient level of its research and the potential for the use of tools of this type of marketing is not fully determined by scientists. The very definition, systematization and description of such tools are among the insufficiently studied issues in this area and are priority areas for further researc
THE ESSENCE OF SAVINGS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND THEIR TYPES
Authors:   IHE «Academician Yuriy Bugay International Scientific and Technical University», Lozychenko Oleksandr
Published: November 2022

Households play one of the most important roles in the development of any country’s economy. These entities can generate savings and transfer them to financial institutions, having a strong impact on the development of both the financial system and the national economy as a whole. The importance of household savings for the creation of favorable investment conditions for, above all, business entities, leads to increased interest of scientists in conducting research in this area.Within the article, the essence of the category “household savings” is analyzed, and some types of such savings are considered. The detailed analysis of scientific concepts to consider the outlined category allowed to identify two approaches used by scientists in detailing its content: macroeconomic – household savings are considered from the standpoint of the national economy development; microeconomic – household savings are considered as a financial resource of the household as an economic entity, the mechanisms of their formation and further use are substantiated first. The author’s approach to the interpretation of the category “household savings” is also substantiated, namely – a set of temporarily free financial resources of households, which were formed because of the excess income over expenditures to obtain additional income or further use in the future. Within the article, the essence of organized and non-organized savings of households are considered, their specific features are identified. It is substantiated that organized savings are important for intensifying investment processes in the country. However, their formation is complicated by several different external and internal obstacles.Household savings as an integral part of the financial system and the national economy in general, according to the study, play an important role in economic development. Their formation, involvement, and use are quite complex processes that are difficult to formalize. However, these processes can be regulated to ensure the transformation of household savings into investment resources. This requires the use of the full range of methods, tools, and levers of government regulation in this sphere.
SYSTEMATIC-FUNCTIONAL APPROACH TO STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN THE EDUCATION INDUSTRY
Authors:   Academician Yuri Bugay International University  of Science and Technology, Bazhenkov Ievgen
Published: November 2022

The article considered a system-functional approach to strategic management in the educational field. Management variations were listed and analyzed, which visualize management methodology in the educational field. Such variations of management are administrative, dynamic, integrative, quantitative, complex, marketing, normative, behavioral, process, situational, systemic, functional. The role of the system-functional approach in the research methodology of the strategic management system in the educational field was defined. The role consists in distinguishing the relevant segments (elements) in the system objects of the intra-industry environment and determining their properties, characteristic intra-industry role, i.e. functions in the activity of the system as a whole. The system of strategic management in the educational field was described. This system is an adaptive, purposeful and multi-structured functional set of interacting elements that are responsible for the timely achievement of defined intra-industry strategic goals. The main characteristics of the system were listed. A system-functional approach to strategic management in the educational field was analyzed. Segments of the management system in the educational sector were singled out, which ensure its functioning and permanent adaptation to the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors. A systematic approach to strategic management in the educational field was described. The main components of the system approach were listed. The effects that characterize the system of strategic management in the educational sector were singled out. The main orientations of the strategic management system in the educational sector were analyzed. The logic of the system-functional approach to strategic management in the educational field was illustrated. The main functions of strategic management in the educational sector were highlighted. The main functions in the system of strategic management in the educational field were illustrated. Conclusions were made regarding the system-functional approach to strategic management in the educational field.
THEORETICAL PROVISIONS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE REGULATION OF SAVINGS OF HOUSEHOLDS
Authors:   IHE «Academician Yuriy Bugay International Scientific and Technical University», Lozychenko Oleksandr
Published: November 2022

Savings play an important role in the development of the financial system and economy of any country. These resources as a complex constitute an internal financial potential that can be used to form favorable conditions for the intensification of economic processes in the country. The role of public authorities in the transformation of the households’ savings into investment resourcestoday in all developed countries of the world is important, and the implementation of state regulation in this area is objectively necessary to ensure the effectiveness of this transformation in the long term.Within the article, the issue of deepening theoretical provisions of the implementation of state regulation of household savings is considered. Emphasizing the need for the state intervention in economic processes, which is an important condition for the national economy development, increasing socio-economic support of the population, in the article, the essence of this regulation is analyzed.Specifying the content of the category “state regulation of economy” made it possible to state the relationship between state authorities and local self-government and economic processes, determine the place of state regulation in such interaction. The obtained results are used in detailing the essence of state regulation of household savings, which is proposed to be considered as systematic and permanent influence of the households’ functioning to create conditions for the formation of temporarily free financial resources in these economic entities that they have the right to freely use them.The analysis of scientific approaches to the consideration of the state regulation system in general made it possible to distinguish its basic components as follows: methods, tools, levers, and principles (formation and implementation), the mechanism of functioning. Analysing the essence of state regulation of households’ savings, considering the specific features of the activities of these business entities, taking into account the possibilities of state authorities and local self-government bodies to influence their functioning, the specific functions of this regulation aredistinguished in the paper.
DIRECTIONS OF INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors:   State Scientific Institution «Institute of Education Content Modernization», Shaposhnykov Kostiantyn , Shaposhnykova Iryna ,   Kherson State University, Zhavoronok Artur ,   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the study of issues related to the competitiveness of higher education in modern conditions. The essence of education is outlined, its role and contribution to the establishment of a sustainable relationship between it and scientific and innovative activities are clarified. The definition of the category "competitiveness of higher education" is formulated, the approaches to its understanding are highlighted, the levels of competitiveness in the higher education system are highlighted, and the relationship between them is established. The main components of the higher education system, elements of its internal and external environment are clarified. Therefore, a set of economic, political, socio-cultural, political and demographic factors exert a significant complex influence on the competitiveness of higher education, which indicates the need to take intoaccount such systemic influence and understand the importance of the educational sphere in social development. The current state of higher education development is characterized by the transformational conditions of functioning and development and the need for its adaptation to the processes of globalization and digitalization. Currently, the domestic system of higher education is dealing with such challenges as problems of financing the field and employment of graduates, the formation of fair conditions for access to education, the need to improve the qualifications of workers in the field of education, and the insufficient level of international cooperation and collaboration. Modern trends in the development of higher education include the following: an increase in the number of models of scientific production and the intensification of the participation of higher education institutions in commercial scientific projects and programs due to a decrease in the level of investment and financing in the field ofhigher education, an increase in the amount of international mobility of applicants and teachers, the emergence and development of new types international partnership. The factors affecting the level of competitiveness of higher education in modern conditions are outlined: demographic, socio-cultural, economic, political and technological. The main challenges and trends in the development of higher education were studied and highlighted, on the basis of which the main directions for increasing the competitiveness of higher education in modern conditions were formulated.
PROBLEMS ОF IMPROVING THE PROCESSES OF AUTOMATION OF FINANCIAL PLANNING AT ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Chernihiv Polytechnic National University, Kalchenko Olha , Shyshkina Olena ,   Chernihiv Polytechnic National University, Danylovych Vladyslav ,   Chernihiv Polytechnic National University
Published: November 2022

The article analyzes the impact of digitalization on the system of financial planning and budgeting of modern enter-prises, reveals the main reasons for the lack of high-quality financial planning among domestic economic entities. The ad-vantages and disadvantages of digitization processes in the financial and economic activities of enterprises, tasks and possi-bilities of automation of financial planning and budgeting processes are formulated. The essence, main characteristics and features of domestic and foreign software products used by business entities in budgeting and financial planning are ana-lyzed. The main stages of the automation process, as well as the problems of increasing the efficiency of the automation pro-cesses of financial planning and budgeting at domestic enterprises, are determined
Private Law Aspects of Suborbital Flights: Second- and Third-party Liability and Insurance
Authors: Masson-Zwaan Tanja
Published: November 2022

Two companies carried private citizens to the edge of space in July 2021. Although suborbital flights have so far taken place within one jurisdiction—they start and end in the same state, do not pass through foreign airspace, or meet both criteria—they will become international when transportation between two points in different states via outer space becomes a reality. Inter- national law is ambiguous about the regulation of suborbital flights; neither international air law nor international space law explicitly apply. It is also unclear which organization or institution should be mandated with the international regulation of suborbital flights. The legal uncertainties must be solved to ensure a safe environment and a healthy industry. The characterization of suborbital flights as either aviation or spaceflight has important consequences, such as whether it concerns aspects of public law (e.g., safety) or private law (e.g., second- and third- party liability and insurance).
This Article focuses on the latter—the private law issues of second- and third-party liability insurance against such liability in the fields of both air and space law, illustrating the differences between the two and underlining the need for a solution.
When taking place within one jurisdiction, suborbital flights operating within a state’s territory are properly subject to state regulation through national law, as this would purely be a national activity falling within a state’s sovereign jurisdiction. Thus, states could decide to consider this activity as either aviation or spaceflight and apply air or space law accordingly. This may, however, lead to fragmentation and legal uncertainty. When flights become international by crossing borders on Earth, inter- national agreement about what law should govern suborbital flights becomes critical and should be developed in close cooperation between the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS). A new sui generis regime will likely borrow from both air and space law and insurance practices. Until such a regime under international law is adopted, national law will govern these issues. The only available model is U.S. law, which seems suitable for the short- to medium-term until an international regime emerges and the industry matures.
This Article will analyze current regimes and formulate recommendations for the way forward. Pursuant to that analysis, this Article concludes that a new international agreement on the operation of suborbital flights is required. For the time being, national law, harmonized to the maximum extent, should pro- vide a solution. The Article further aims to identify relevant points for the establishment of national legislation and, in the longer term, an international agreement. Whether or not this will take the form of a legally binding instrument remains to be seen, although the latter seems more realistic in the current geopolitical context.
At the Crossroads Between Bankruptcy and Aviation: The Proposed Bankruptcy Venue Reform and the Imperilment of Foreign Airlines’ Availment to U.S. Bankruptcy Courts Under Chapter 11
Authors: Hodencq Pauline
Published: November 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc on several of the nation’s industries, aviation being no stranger given the financial difficulties, flight cancellations, and health mandates the sector consequently faced. Despite concerns that a wave of bankruptcy filings would submerge U.S. bankruptcy courts, the domestic need for restructuring did not arise as predicted, the main reason being the federal assistance provided to enterprises in peril. On the contrary, foreign debtor airlines were the ones to avail themselves of the experience and efficiency of magnet districts for restructuring under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code. Simultaneously, large domestic corporations sought the assistance of New York and Delaware to restructure quite far from their home districts. This phenomenon, known as forum shopping, revived a spirit of congressional reform; proponents sought to condemn forum shopping as undermining the fairness and integrity of the bankruptcy system overall. Thus, Congress introduced a bill to reform bankruptcy venue and ultimately put an end to forum shopping. This Comment critically analyzes the arguments by proponents of reform—arguing in favor of a “race to the bottom” theory that condemns the practice of forum shopping—as compared with arguments by opponents of reform—perceiving the current status quo and bankruptcy venue as racing debtors to the top by having magnet districts offer expertise, efficiency, and predictability to entities in need of restructuring. In siding with “race to the top” theorists, this Comment further explains the danger reforming bankruptcy venue could have in under- mining the United States’ position as the golden standard in Chapter 11 restructuring, forcing foreign debtor airlines to avail themselves of courts in the United Kingdom (U.K.) or Singapore that are progressively becoming restructuring hotspots. Proposed alternatives to bankruptcy venue reform include remedies limiting forum shopping to protect the United States’ reputation in restructuring and preserve the rights of U.S. creditors.
Treatment of the subretinal neovascularization associated with optic nerve head drusen
Authors:   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Ioyleva E.E. , Belianina S.I. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow
Published: November 2022

Purpose. To describe a rare clinical case of bilateral choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with optic nerve head (ONH) drusen and to report a positive functional and clinical outcome of intravitreal injections of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (anti-VEGF) in this patient. Material and methods. A 39-year-old man with ONH drusen complained of decreased visual acuity and distortion of objects. During the examination, the bilateral CNV was detected in peripapillary area. The patient received two consecutive intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF in the right eye and one injection in the left eye. Results. After the treatment, reabsorption of subretinal fluid and an increase of visual acuity were observed. There were no complications associated with injections. The best-corrected visual acuity remains stabilized at 20/20 at three years of followup. According to the optical coherence tomography parameters, there was no negative dynamics of CNV. Conclusion. ONH drusen may cause several complications, including the development of CNV and significant decrease in visual acuity, due to the CNV progression. Follow-up of patients with ONH drusen is necessary for early diagnosis and treatment of complications. The differential sign of CNV associated with ONH drusen is a localization in the peripapillary area nasal to the fovea. A search of the literature revealed only a few publications on the use of anti-VEGF in patients with CNV associated with ONH drusen. This method was effective and demonstrated positive functional and clinical outcome in the presented clinical case. Key word: subretinal neovascularization; choroidal neovascularization; optic nerve head drusen; optical coherence tomography; antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy
Corneal wavefront-guided laser ablation in a patient with primary ametropia and no effect with subjective spherical-cylindrical correction
Authors:   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Doga A.V. , Mushkova I.A. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Karimova A.N. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Dzhaber A.N. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow
Published: November 2022

Purpose. To evaluate the clinical and functional results of FemtoLASIK surgery using a corneal wavefront-guided laser ablation algorithm in a patient with primary ametropia and no effect with subjective spherical-cylindrical correction. Material and methods. Patient N., 26 years old, diagnosed with amblyopia of both eyes. The visual acuity of the right eye was 0.3 n/c, the left eye 0.2 n/c. The patient had no possibility of subjective spherical-cylindrical correction. FemtoLASIK surgery was performed using a personalized laser ablation algorithm based on keratotopography data. Results. A month after the operation, visual acuity increased and amounted to 0.6 of the right eye and 0.5 of the left eye, the patient had the opportunity for subjective correction, the best corrected visual acuity of 0.9 of each eye was determined. A year after the operation, the residual cylindrical component was corrected. After the second stage of the treatment, uncorrected visual acuity was 1.0 in the right and 0.9 in the left eyes. Conclusions. The presented clinical case demonstrates the successful result of using a corneal wavefront-guided laser ablation algorithm in a patient with primary ametropia and no effect with subjective spherical-cylindrical correction. Key words: Corneal wavefront; excimer laser ablation, astigmatism; FemtoLASIK
MODERN VIEW ON THE MANAGEMENT OF BRAIN-DEAD DONORS
Authors:   Grodno University Clinic, Grodno, Belarus, Tsiuryn Ye. O. , Yakubtsevich R. E. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
Published: November 2022

The relevance of the problem of the management of brain-dead donors is due to persistent mortality in both patients on the waiting list and those after organ transplantation, as well as the loss of function of the graft itself. The approach to managing brain-dead donors is similar to the treatment of critically diseased patients in intensive care units, but has a number of specific features that should be considered during donor management. The obtained information on modern methods of the management of brain-dead donors indicates that the timely start and an integrated approach to donor management can improve the results of organ transplantation. Conclusion. Based on clinical observations, it was established that each potential donor should be regarded as a multi-organ donor and the greatest number of organs should be considered as suitable for subsequent transplantation, which implies the use of an integrated approach aimed at maintaining the functioning of all donor organs. If there are contraindications to the harvesting of certain organs, the measures taken should be directed first at preserving the organ intended for transplantation, and next at maintaining adequate functioning of other organs and systems.
Luces y sombras del sistema de cuentas nocionales
Authors: de la Peña J. Iñaki
Published: November 2022

The system of notional accounts has been successfully implemented for years in some European countries and, in others, there are plans to change to it. This system makes the worker uncertain as he/she does not know what his/her retirement pension will be. Therefore, this paper analyzes the system of notional accounts in order to clarify their possible strengths and weaknesses. There are located the factors that influence the accumulated value at retirement, and that will make it possible to obtain a retirement pension, the ultimate end of this system of social financing. Finally, some simple rules are derived that make it possible to know the level of pension that the worker would reach depending on the decisions taken and according to the standard of living that he/she wishes to have when retiring. Keywords: actuarial equivalence, pensions, retirement, Social Security
Efecto de la jubilación demorada y activa en el sistema de pensiones de la Seguridad Social española
Authors: Arsuaga Ainara , Arsuaga Ainara , De La Peña J. Iñaki , Llorente Ander
Published: November 2022

La Seguridad Social española permite, bajo una serie de condiciones, tanto la jubilación anticipada, como la jubilación retrasada sobre una edad ordinaria de jubilación. Mientras que se ha estudiado el impacto de la jubilación anticipada, la jubilación posterior a la edad normal se ha dejado de lado. En el presente trabajo se tratará principalmente de analizar la jubilación demorada y la jubilación activa y el impacto individual que tienen en el sistema de pensiones de la Seguridad Social. Se realizará un análisis práctico del coste que supone para el sistema de pensiones un trabajador en base a la modalidad de jubilación elegida. A partir de este análisis trataremos de concluir qué modalidad de jubilación beneficia más a la Seguridad Social.