bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Advertisements on Adoption of Family Planning Methods in Pakistan
Authors: Madni Abdul Rehman , Iqbal Ashraf , Babar Zaheer Ud Din
Published: February 2021

Despite government measures to control the birth rate in Pakistan and spreading awareness about family planning through advertisements, the Pakistani population growth rate is still high. Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) banned advertisements of contraceptives because of the complaints and pressure of a religious section of society. The main objective of this study is to investigate the influence of positive and negative feelings of viewers toward advertisements of family planning on behavioral intentions to adopt family planning methods. Data were collected from the 525 Pakistanis using a cross-sectional study design. The study adopted snowball sampling through the personally-administered method. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the study hypotheses. Findings of the study show that PF is an important factor in influencing intention to adopt family planning methods; while NF has no significant influence on intention. Conclusively, this research has added valuable contributions, both practically and theoretically in the advertising field.
Impacts of the Saint (Sufi) Mast Tawakli Marri Baloch Poetry on Baloch Society
Authors: Ijaz Muhammad Sulaman , Chaudhry Waheed , Shah Syed Kazim Ali
Published: February 2021

Sufism is associated with the expression of devotion towards God and spreading the message of truth. The Sufis in Pakistan and Balochistan remain the ambassadors of love, peace, respect for humanity, and social harmony. The Sufi Saints have contributed significantly to the literature, philosophy, and theological ideas. The study employs an anthropological perspective to examine the impacts of Saint Mast Tawaklis poetry on the Baloch Society by using qualitative research methods. The technique of triangulation and translation was used to verify the data. The research has been conducted in the district of Kohlu, Balochistan. This research reveals that Saint Tawakli is a famous poet of the Balochi language whose poetry is full of messages of love and respect for humanity. His work accurately depicts a lovers emotion and affection, precisely a source of inspiration for young people.
التغیرات المناخیة الشهریة في قضا‌ء بنجوین وأثرها في الراحة الفسيولوجية للإنسان
Authors:   General directorate of education  in sulaymaniyah, Saeed Bahar BahaHassan , Baram Hasim Othman ,   Department of Social Sciences, College of Basic Education, Halabja University
Published: February 2021

There are significant climatic changes among/during the months of the year in Penjwen, and that was found while the researchers were studying the climatic elements, and in order to identify the most comfortable months, they relied on both temperature, relative humidity and wind. The study was applied to the equations: Oliver, K index. The study has reached several results; the most important of them is that some months (June to August) are the most popular months of comfort by the residents of the study area, unlike the rest of the other months, in which the population of the study area feel annoyed and are uncomfortable.
أركان العقد الإداري وشروط صحته دراسة مقارنة
Authors:   PhD student at Soran University, Dahham Mohammed Waheed
Published: February 2021

The administrative contract is the tool used by the administration to maintain the continuity of the public facility and its steady progress in order to meet the needs of citizens, in way would achieve the public interest. The administrative contract consists of procedures paving the way for its conclusion, represented by the administrative decisions issued by this department with the public authority it has in accordance with the laws and regulations. These decisions are part of and component of the administrative contract. Therefore, the elements of the administrative contract are; that the public authority is one of its parties, the contract relates to a public facility service, and the contract should be subject to public law. However, the conditions of validity of the contract are; the administration shall abide by the laws and regulations in selecting the contractor, the administrative contract includes contractual and regulatory provisions and, and the public person has a generic feature throughout the life of an administrative contract. Key words; administrative law, administrative decision, elements of administrative law, conditions of validity of administrative contract, legal system of administrative law, conclusion of the administrative contract
Fraud at the Public Park Community School District
Authors: Mousa Rania
Published: February 2021

This case study examines potentially fraudulent activities that took place in the Public Park Community School District. Students start their investigations by reading each section and answering case questions. Students analyze potentially fraudulent incidents, identify red flags, calculate potential losses, examine deficiencies in internal controls and suggest effective internal controls. Student feedback indicates the case increased their understanding of fraudulent activities, internal control weaknesses, and effective internal controls in the specific context of public school districts. The findings also highlight the importance of cultivating a strong internal control environment in not-for-profit organizations engaging in fundraising activities.
INDEKS INTEGRITAS PESERTA DIDIK PADA JENJANG PENDIDIKAN MENENGAH DI PROVINSI MALUKU
Authors: Amiruddin Amiruddin
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan survey untuk mengukur indeks integritas peserta didik pada jenjang pendidikan menengah (SMA/MA), pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada peserta didik.   Masalah penelitian ini adalah “Seberapa besar Indeks Integritas Peserta Didik. Indikator yang digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat integritas peserta didik meliputi dimensi integritas kejujuran,  tanggungjawab, toleransi,  dan  cinta  tanah  air.  Lokasi  penelitian dilakukan pada 6 Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Maluku dengan jumlah sampel sekolah sebanyak 160 yang terdiri dari jenjang Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) sebanyak 12 sekolah, dan jenjang Madrasah Aliyah sebanyak 4 madrasah. Unit observasi sampel adalah peserta didik, dimana setiap sekolah terlebih dahulu dilakukan listing atau pendaftaran nama-nama peserta didik kelas 11. Dari daftar listing tersebut akan diurutkan berdasarkan banyaknya siswa kelas 11 di masing-masing sekolah, dan selanjutnya ditarik sampel 10 peserta didik secara sistematik sampling. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kuantitatif menunjukkan bahwa secara umum tingkat integritas peserta didik terhadap 4 dimensi integritas yang menjadi tolok ukur yaitu; kejujuran, kemandirian, cinta tanah air, dan tanggungjawab  berada  pada  kategori  “sangat  tinggi”  dengan  nilai  agregat 80.23. Dimensi integritas cinta tanah air menempati posisi paling tinggi tingkat integritasnya,     yaitu  94.3  (sangat  tinggi),  selanjutnya  integritas  terhadap dimensi toleransi  menempati urutan kedua dengan skor 79.6 (sangat tinggi), sedangkan untuk  integritas pada dimensi tanggung jawab dan kejujuran masih pada kategori tinggi dengan skor 74.6 dan 72.4.
INDEKS KARAKTER PESERTA DIDIK SMA/MA DI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Rosdiana Rosdiana
Published: February 2021

Penelitian indeks karakter peserta didik di sekolah/madrasah ini penting untuk dilakukan  mengingat  sekolah/madrasah  merupakan  lembaga  yang  sangat berperan dalam aspek pembentukan karakter peserta didik. Sekolah/madrasah dijadikan sebagai lokus dalam penelitian  ini untuk  melihat dan mengetahui indeks  karakter  dan  faktor  yang  mempengaruhi  karakter  peserta  didik  di SMA/MA di Sulawesi Tenggara.

Penelitian   survei   dengan   pendekatan   kuantitatif    ini   mengambil   sampel penelitian peserta didik di SMA/MA. Instrumen yang digunakan angket dan pedoman  wawancara.   Data   yang   terkumpul   dianalisis   dengan   deskriftif kuantitatif   untuk  mendeskripsikan  secara  mendalam  dari  tujuan  penelitian dengan tahap: tabulasi, skoring, analisis pemusatan, transformasi data ke presentasi, kategorisasi data berdasarkan tingkat kualitas pembinaan, dan penyimpulan.

Hasil  penelitian   menunjukkan  indeks  karakter  peserta   didik  di  Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara terhadap  variabel yang diukur diperoleh tingkat  kategori tinggi dengan skor 3.54, indeks karakter ini diukur melalui lima variabel diantaranya adalah religiusitas, nasionalisme, kemandirian, gotong royong, dan integritas.  Tingkat religiusitas peserta didik terkategori tinggi (3.62), nasionalisme sebagai wujud cinta tanah air yang menjadi dasar identitas  dan kepribadian personal terkategori tinggi dengan skor (3.61), tingkat kemandirian terkategori tinggi (3.58), gotong royong terkategori tinggi (3.39) dan tingkat integritas peserta didik yang diukur melalui aspek kejujuran, amanah, hormat atau menghargai, bertanggungjawab ini berada dalam katergori tinggi (3.55). Penamankan nilai karakter kepada peserta didik sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan baik lingkungan keluarga, sekolah dan lingkungan masyarakat. Pembiasaan sebagai salah satu  metode yang diharapkan mampu membentuk sikap dan prilaku peserta didik. Pembiasaan secara terus menerus dan berulang akan menimbulkan dampak yang positif dan akan melekat bagi peserta didik. Pembiasaan   ini   dapat   saja   dilakukan   secara   pribadi   maupun   secara berkelompok terutama  di lingungan sekolah dalam pembelajaran maupun di luar pembelajaran.
STUDI KASUS DEKUBITUS PADA PENDERITA TIRAH BARING YANG DIRAWAT DI RSU ANUTAPURA PALU TAHUN 2018
Authors: Agus Salim Thamrin Andi Muhammad , Halim Wijoyo , Fandy Mohamad
Published: February 2021

Dekubitus adalah kerusakan pada kulit dan jaringan dibawahnya karena kurangnya suplai darah akibat tekanan dalam waktu yang lama. Dekubitus mempunyai dampak tehadap kesehatan karena dapat memberikan kerugian bagi penderita, serta rumah sakit. Bahkan banyak ditemukan yang bisa menyebabkan kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan penyebab dan faktor – faktor resiko dekubitus pada penderita tirah baring di RSU Anutapura Palu pada tahun 2018. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode consecutive sampling. Pada consecutive sampling, semua subjek yang ada dan memenuhi kriteria pemilihan dimasukkan dalam penelitian. Studi kasus pasien dekubitus pada perawatan tirah baring di RSU Anutapura Palu Tahun 2018 ditemukan faktor terbanyak adalah karena minimnya mobilisasi atau imobilisasi pasien yaitu 6 dari 6 (100%). Faktor lain yaitu status gizi buruk 2 dari 6 pasien (33,3%). Lansia 2 dari 6 pasien (33,3%). Kelembaban  1 dari 6 (18,7%). Ditarik kesimpulan bahwa faktor terbanyak pada kejadian ulkus dekubitus pada penderita tirah baring adalah mobilitas pasien atau imobilisasi. Faktor-faktor lain yang berpengaruh adalah status gizi, usia, kelembaban dan riwayat penyakit DM.
Deskripsi Pengetahuan dan Pemahaman Mahasiswa Akademi Kebidanan Tahirah Al Baeti Tentang Anemia Ibu Hamil
Authors: Kamaruddin Mudyawati , Nurhayani  , Karlina Idar
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang. Anemia adalah suatu keadaan dimana tubuh memiliki jumlah sel darah merah yang terlalu sedikit, yang mana jumlah sel darah merah itu ditentukan dengan kadar hemoglobin. Anemia pada kehamilan adalah suatu keadaan berkurangnya sel darah merah dalam sirkulasi darah atau massa hemoglobin, dimana  kadar Hb di bawah 11 gr% pada trimestrer I dan II atau kadar Hb kurang dari 10,5 gr% pada trimester III. Mahasiswa akademi kebidanan penting mempunyai pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang anemia pada ibu hamil yang adekuat sebagai bekal mereka untuk berinteraksi dengan komunitas dan bertemu klien. Tujuan. Mendeskripsikan pengetahuan dan pemahaman mahasiswa Akbid Tahira Al Baeti tentang anemia ibu hamil. Metode. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan sampel mahasiswa tingkat I dan II AKBID Tahirah Al Baeti Bulukumba sebanyak 42 responden, instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Hasil. Berdasarkan data kuesioner diperoleh bahwa pengetahuan mahasiswa Akademi Kebidanan Tahirah Al Baeti Bulukumba tentang anemia pada ibu hamil berada pada tingkat  berpengetahuan baik untuk mahasiswa tingkat II (100%) dibandingkan dengan mahasiswa tingkat I (50%). Sedangkan tingkat pemahaman  mahasiswa Akademi Kebidanan Tahirah al Baeti Bulukumba tentang anemia pada ibu hamil adalah 95.5% untuk mahasiswa tingkat II, dan 50% untuk mahasiswa tingkat I. Walau secara keseluruhan mahasiswa Akbid Tahirah Al Baeti BUlukumba baik tingkat I maupun II mempunyai pengetahuan dan pemahaman yang cukup baik. Hal ini disebabkan tingkat dan lama proses belajar mengajar mendukung tingkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman.
GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN SUAMI TENTANG ALAT KONTRASEPSI KB KONDOM DI DUSUN SAPANANG KECAMATAN KAJANG KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA
Authors: Kamaruddin Mudyawati , Ariani Nur Nita , Sukmawati
Published: February 2021

Penggunaan kontrasepsi kondom masih rendah dan kurang dipilih oleh suami dalam menekan laju pertumbuhan penduduk yang semakin meningkat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan suami tentang pemakaian kondom di Desa Sapanang Kecamatan Kajang Kabupaten Bulukumba. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Jumlah sampel yang didapatkan sebanyak 30 responden yang memakai alat kontrasepsi KB kondom. Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil bahwa pengetahuan suami tentang kondom di Dusun sapanang Kec. Kajang Kab. Bulukumba yaitu kategori baik (3,4%), cukup (46,6 %), dan kurang (50 %). Pengetahuan suami berdasarkan pengertian tentang kondom dalam kategori baik (3,3%),cukup (26,7%), dan kurang (70,0%). Pengetahuan suami berdasarkan kelebihan kondom yaitu kategori baik (3.4%), kurang (96.6%) dan cukup (0.0%). Pengetahuan suami berdasarkan kekurangan kondom yaitu kategori baik (46,6%), cukup (10%), dan kurang (43,4%). Pengetahuan suami berdasarkan efek samping tentang kondom yaitu kategori baik (3,4%), cukup (30%), dan kurang (66,6%). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah sebagian besar pengetahuan suami tentang alat kontrasepsi kondom masih kurang. Selain itu, pengetahuan suami terhadap pengertian kontrasepsi kondom, tentang kelebihan kontrasepsi kondom dan tentang efek samping terhadap kondom juga masih berkategori kurang. Akan tetapi, mayoritas pengetahuan para suami tentang kekurangan kondom adalah berkategori baik.
TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN REMAJA PUTRI TENTANG KANKER SERVIKS DI DESA BIALO KECAMATAN GANTARANG KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA TAHUN 2020
Authors: Erniawati  , Purnamasari Dewi , Risnayanti  , Jusni  , Kamaruddin Mudyawati
Published: February 2021

Kanker serviks merupakan tumor ganas pada perempuan yang menyerang organ reproduksi perempuan yaitu sekitar daerah mukosa vagina dan mukosa kanalis servikalis atau biasa disebut bagian bawah antara kemaluan wanita dan Rahim. Pencegahan Kanker serviks dapat dilakukan dengan cara melakukan hubungan seksual pada waktunya minimal pada usia 20 tahun, tidak berganti-ganti pasangan, melakukan vaksinasi HPV, dan melakukan pemeriksaan kanker serviks secara teratur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri tentang Kanker serviks di Desa Bialo. Kecamatan Gantarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriftif untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri di Desa Bialo Kecamatan Gantarang, dalam penelitian ini jumlah sampel sebanyak 57 remaja putri di Desa Bialo Kecamatan Gantarang. Tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri meliput tentang kanker serviks, pengertian kanker serviks, pencegahan, penyebab, gejalah dan cara deteksi dini Kanker serviks. Instrument penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar test. Berdasarkan hasil analisa data diperoleh pengetahuan menunjukkan bahwa dari 57 remaja putri dominan berpengetahuan kurang sebesar 54,3% dibandingkan dengan remaja putri yang berpengetahuan baik (22,1%) dan berpengetahun cukup 24,6%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan yang dimiliki remaja putri tentang kanker serviks di Desa Bialo pada umumnya memiliki pengetahuan dalam kategori kurang.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT STRES DENGAN SINDROM PREMENSTRUASI PADA MAHASISWI DIII KEBIDANAN SEMESTER 2 UNIVERSITAS ‘AISYIYAH YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Hidayah Bohari Nurul , Haerani  , Basri Fasilah , Misnawaty  , Kamaruddin Mudyawati
Published: February 2021

Sindrom premenstruasi menjadi masalah pada wanita dan gejala atau keluhan yang sering muncul adalah gejala fisik dan gejala emosional. Dampak dari sindrom premenstruasiadalah gangguan aktifitas harian, seperti penurunan produktifitas kerja, sekolah, dan hubungan interpersonal penderita. Disamping itu sindrom premenstruasi yang berat juga dapat berhubungan dengan kasus bunuh diri yang tinggi, tingkat kecelakaan, dan masalah kejiwaan akut atau faktor stress. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat stres dengan sindrom premenstruasi pada mahasiswi DIII kebidanan semester 2 Universitas „Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan waktu cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswi DIII kebidanan semester 2 Universitas „Aisyiyah Yogyakarta tahun 2017 dengan metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan Proportioned Random Sampling didapatkan sebanyak 103 responden, alat ukur dengan kuesioner dan uji statistik Kendall tau dengan taraf signifikansi 0.05 atau 5%.Hasil analisis diperoleh nilai p sebesar 0,002 berarti (p < 0,05) maka terdapat hubungan antara tingkat stres dengan sindrom premenstruasi pada mahasiswi D3 kebidanan semester 2 Universitas „Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Kesimpulan yang dapat diangkat adalah terdapat hubungan antara tingkat stres dengan sindrom premenstruasi pada mahasiswi DIII kebidanan semester 2 Universitas „Aisyiyah Yogyakarta (p = 0,002 ; p < 0,005 ; r = 0,298).Mahasiswi disarankan agar dapat mengendalikan stres yang berlebih serta melakukan aktifitas positif yang dapat mengurangi stres.
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) DSCAM-AS1 is upregulated in breast cancer
Authors: Tarighi Mahsa , Khalaj-Kondori Mohammad , Hosseinzadeh Asghar , Abtin Maryam
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence highlights that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) DSCAM-AS1 play a key regulatory role in different stages of cancer development and progression. This study aimed to investigate whether the expression of DSCAM-AS1 is deregulated in breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The relative expression of DSCAM-AS1 was measured in fifty breast cancerous and matched adjacent non-neoplastic tissue samples using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique. The association between DSCAM-AS1 expression and patients’ clinicopathological features was evaluated. Sensitivity and specificity of the DSCAM-AS1 expression for diagnosing breast cancer was obtained by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: Our results showed that the expression of DSCAM-AS1 was significantly up-regulated in breast cancerous tissues compared with the matched adjacent non-neoplastic tissues (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we observed a significant association between the DSCAM-AS1 expression and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.011) but no other clinicopathological characteristics (P > 0.05). ROC curve analysis resulted in an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.67 and showed that the DSCAM-AS1 expression level may discriminate cancerous and non-cancerous tissues with 68% sensitivity and 76% specificity. CONCLUSION: This study provides further evidence that the expression of DSCAM-AS1 is deregulated in breast cancer and highlights its potential in breast cancer development.
Breast Implant–Associated Anaplastic Large Cell lymphoma: Brief overview of current data and imaging findings
Authors: Collado-Mesa Fernando , Yepes Monica M. , Net Jose M. , Jorda Merce
Published: February 2021

In 2016, the World Health Organization added Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell lymphoma as a provisionally recognized lymphoma to the family of existing Anaplastic Large Cell lymphomas. Current estimates of the lifetime risk of the disease in women with textured breast implants range from 1:1,000 to 1:30,000. The mean interval from implant placement to diagnosis is 10.7 ± 4.6 years and the most common clinical symptom at presentation is breast swelling. A high level of clinical suspicion is recommended in patients presenting with breast symptoms and/or peri-implant fluid collection occurring more than 1 year after breast implant placement. Ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice, with a high sensitivity for peri-implant fluid and a high specificity for peri-implant mass. When ultrasound is inconclusive, breast MRI is indicated. As of today, all confirmed cases have tested positive for CD30 immunohistochemistry and the disease has shown to have an excellent prognosis when it is diagnosed earlier (localized disease), and when complete surgery, consisting of explantation, capsulectomy, and removal of any associated capsule mass, is performed. This overview summarizes the available epidemiological and clinical data of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell lymphoma, with an emphasis on imaging features.
Chapter 4. Conflict-Driven Clause Learning SAT Solvers
Authors: Marques-Silva Joao , Lynce Ines , Malik Sharad
Published: February 2021

One of the most important paradigm shifts in the use of SAT solvers for solving industrial problems has been the introduction of clause learning. Clause learning entails adding a new clause for each conflict during backtrack search. This new clause prevents the same conflict from occurring again during the search process. Moreover, sophisticated techniques such as the identification of unique implication points in a graph of implications, allow creating clauses that more precisely identify the assignments responsible for conflicts. Learned clauses often have a large number of literals. As a result, another paradigm shift has been the development of new data structures, namely lazy data structures, which are particularly effective at handling large clauses. These data structures are called lazy due to being in general unable to provide the actual status of a clause. Efficiency concerns and the use of lazy data structures motivated the introduction of dynamic heuristics that do not require knowing the precise status of clauses. This chapter describes the ingredients of conflict-driven clause learning SAT solvers, namely conflict analysis, lazy data structures, search restarts, conflict-driven heuristics and clause deletion strategies.
Chapter 16. Worst-Case Upper Bounds
Authors: Dantsin Evgeny , Hirsch Edward A.
Published: February 2021

The chapter is a survey of ideas and techniques behind satisfiability algorithms with the currently best asymptotic upper bounds on the worst-case running time. The survey also includes related structural-complexity topics such as Schaefer’s dichotomy theorem, reductions between various restricted cases of SAT, the exponential time hypothesis, etc.
Chapter 21. Combinatorial Designs by SAT Solvers1
Authors: Zhang Hantao
Published: February 2021

The theory of combinatorial designs has always been a rich source of structured, parametrized families of SAT instances. On one hand, design theory provides interesting problems for testing various SAT solvers; on the other hand, high-performance SAT solvers provide an alternative tool for attacking open problems in design theory, simply by encoding problems as propositional formulas, and then searching for their models using off-the-shelf general purpose SAT solvers. This chapter presents several case studies of using SAT solvers to solve hard design theory problems, including quasigroup problems, Ramsey numbers, Van der Waerden numbers, covering arrays, Steiner systems, and Mendelsohn designs. It is shown that over a hundred of previously-open design theory problems were solved by SAT solvers, thus demonstrating the significant power of modern SAT solvers. Moreover, the chapter provides a list of 30 open design theory problems for the developers of SAT solvers to test their new ideas and weapons.
Chapter 28. Pseudo-Boolean and Cardinality Constraints
Authors: Roussel Olivier , Manquinho Vasco
Published: February 2021

Pseudo-Boolean and cardinality constraints are a natural generalization of clauses. While a clause expresses that at least one literal must be true, a cardinality constraint expresses that at least n literals must be true and a pseudo-Boolean constraint states that a weighted sum of literals must be greater than a constant. These contraints have a high expressive power, have been intensively studied in 0/1 programming and are close enough to the satisfiability problem to benefit from the recents advances in this field. Besides, optimization problems are naturally expressed in the pseudo-Boolean context. This chapter presents the inference rules on pseudo-Boolean constraints and demonstrates their increased inference power in comparison with resolution. It also shows how the modern satisfiability algorithms can be extended to deal with pseudo-Boolean constraints.
Biomarker-Based Risk Prediction of Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Psychosocial, Ethical, and Legal Aspects
Authors: Rostamzadeh Ayda , Schwegler Carolin , Gil-Navarro Silvia , Rosende-Roca Maitée , Romotzky Vanessa , Ortega Gemma , Canabate Pilar , Moreno Mariola , Schmitz-Luhn Björn , Boada Mercè , Jessen Frank , Woopen Christiane
Published: February 2021

Background: Today, a growing number of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) wish to assess their risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. The expectations as well as the effects on quality of life (QoL) in MCI patients and their close others through biomarker-based dementia risk estimation are not well studied. Objective: The PreDADQoL project aims at providing empirical data on effects of such prediction on QoL and at developing an ethical and legal framework of biomarker-based dementia risk estimation in MCI. Methods: In the empirical study, 100 MCI-patients and their close others will be recruited from two sites (Germany and Spain). They receive standardized counselling on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker-based prediction of AD dementia and a risk disclosure based on their AD biomarker status. A mixed methods approach will be applied to assess outcomes. Results: The pilot-study yielded a specification of the research topics and newly developed questionnaires for the main assessment. Within this binational quantitative and qualitative study, data on attitudes and expectations toward AD risk prediction, QoL, risk communication, coping strategies, mental health, lifestyle changes, and healthcare resource utilization will be obtained. Together with the normative part of the project, an empirically informed ethical and legal framework for biomarker-based dementia risk estimation will be developed. Conclusion: The empirical research of the PreDADQoL study together with the ethical and legal considerations and implications will help to improve the process of counselling and risk disclosure and thereby positively affect QoL and health of MCI-patients and their close others in the context of biomarker-based dementia risk estimation.
Is Engagement in Intellectual and Social Leisure Activities Protective Against Dementia Risk? Evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing1
Authors: Almeida-Meza Pamela , Steptoe Andrew , Cadar Dorina
Published: February 2021

Background: Studies have suggested that mentally stimulating activities and socially engaged lifestyles may reduce dementia risk; however, it is unclear which activities are more beneficial. Objective: We investigated intellectual and social leisure activities in relation to dementia incidence and explored the modifying role of sex and marital status in these associations. Methods: The sample was comprised of 8,030 participants aged 50+ from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, who joined at wave 1 (2002-2003), or waves 3 (2006-2007), or 4 (2008-2009). The end of the study period was wave 8 (2016-2017). Subdistribution hazard models investigated the role of leisure activities grouped into intellectual and social domains in relation to dementia while accounting for the risk of death. Subsequent analyses were conducted with individual leisure activities. Results: During the study period of up to 15 years, 412 participants developed dementia, and 2,192 died. We found that increased engagement in the intellectual activities’ domain was associated with a decreased dementia incidence (SHR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76–0.96, p = 0.007), independent of the risk of death in married individuals, but not in those who were single, divorced, or widowed. Individual analyses for each leisure activity showed independent associations for reading newspapers in females (SHR 0.65, 95% CI 0.49–0.84, p = 0.001), mobile phone usage in males (SHR 0.61, 95% CI 0.45–0.84, p = 0.002), and having hobbies for married individuals (SHR 0.70, 95% CI 0.51–0.95, p = 0.02). Conclusion: We found that intellectual leisure activities contribute to lower dementia risk in a representative population of English adults, suggesting intervention opportunities.
Township recycling performance assessment based on fuzzy TOPSIS model: An empirical investigation using the artificial intelligence-based VIKOR approach
Authors: Wang Kuo-Yan
Published: February 2021

The problem of waste reduction is particularly emphasized the sources of environmental income i.e. tax and unit-pricing, instead of stimulus recycling administrative in the published literatures. A long-term rebate policy for recycling fund allowance was implemented in different metropolitan districts. However, evaluating the recycling performance at the local level does not include examining its rationality and efficiency in detail. To understand the uncertainty of role in decision making for substitute ranking, analysis based on decision making using fuzzy interval for performance assessment. This article redefines the criteria for evaluating recycling performance at the township level with assistance of artificial intelligence, and illustrates the results. We used a simple and swift evaluation process, namely, the VIKOR method, in place of the traditional public hearing or the Delphi method. The conclusion derived from the results can be used to analyze the effectiveness of the rebate policy for recycling at the township level.
Fracture Risk in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Kassardjian Charles , Widdifield Jessica , Paterson J. Michael , Kopp Alexander , Nagamuthu Chenthila , Barnett Carolina , Tu Karen , Breiner Ari
Published: February 2021

Background:

Prednisone is a common treatment for myasthenia gravis (MG), and osteoporosis is a known potential risk of chronic prednisone therapy.

Objective:

Our aim was to evaluate the risk of serious fractures in a population-based cohort of MG patients.

Methods:

An inception cohort of patients with MG was identified from administrative health data in Ontario, Canada between April 1, 2002 and December 31, 2015. For each MG patient, we matched 4 general population comparators based on age, sex, and region of residence. Fractures were identified through emergency department and hospitalization data. Crude overall rates and sex-specific rates of fractures were calculated for the MG and comparator groups, as well as rates of specific fractures. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression.

Results:

Among 3,823 incident MG patients (followed for a mean of 5 years), 188 (4.9%) experienced a fracture compared with 741 (4.8%) fractures amongst 15,292 matched comparators. Crude fracture rates were not different between the MG cohort and matched comparators (8.71 vs. 7.98 per 1000 patient years), overall and in men and women separately. After controlling for multiple covariates, MG patients had a significantly lower risk of fracture than comparators (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.63–0.88).

Conclusions:

In this large, population-based cohort of incident MG patients, MG patients were at lower risk of a major fracture than comparators. The reasons for this finding are unclear but may highlight the importance osteoporosis prevention.
Quantitative Assessment of Motor Response to a Low Subacute Levodopa Dose in the Differential Diagnosis of Parkinsonisms at Disease Onset: Data from the BoProPark Cohort
Authors: Contin Manuela , Lopane Giovanna , Cortelli Pietro , Sambati Luisa , Mohamed Susan , Calandra-Buonaura Giovanna
Published: February 2021

Background: Differential diagnosis between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonisms (APs) may be difficult at disease onset. The response to levodopa (LD) is a key supportive feature but its definition is largely empirical. Studies evaluating this issue by quantitative tests are scanty. Objective: We aimed to assess the utility of a subacute low LD dose kinetic-dynamic test in the differential diagnosis between PD and APs. It was applied at the baseline of a prospective follow-up in patients with parkinsonian signs within three years of disease motor onset (“BoProPark” cohort) and eventually diagnosed as PD or APs according to consensus criteria. Methods: Patients under at least 3-month LD therapy received a first morning fasting dose of LD/benserazide or carbidopa (100/25 mg) and underwent simultaneous serial assessments of plasma LD concentration and alternate finger tapping frequency up to 3 h. The main outcome was the extent of LD motor response, calculated by the area under the 3 h tapping effect–time curve (AUC_ETap). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to establish the optimal AUC_ETap cut-off to differentiate PD and APs. Results: The first 100 consecutive “BoProPark” patients were analyzed. Forty-seven patients were classified as possible, 37 as probable PD and 16 as APs. AUC_ETap medians were similar in the PD subgroups but reduced to a third in APs (p < 0.001). The optimal AUC_ETap cut-off value was >2186 [(tap/min) x min], with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 75%. Accuracy of the test was 0.85 (95% CI 0.74–0.95), p < 0.0001. Conclusion: The estimation of 3 h AUC_ETap after a subacute low LD dose proved a reliable, objective tool to assess LD motor response in our cohort of patients. AUC_ETap value rounded to ≥2200 supports PD diagnosis, while lower values may alert to AP diagnoses.
Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala seed extracts exhibit sigma-1 antagonist sensitive neuroprotective effects in PC12 cells and protects C. elegans from stress via the SKN-1/NRF-2 pathway
Authors: Brimson James Michael , Prasanth Mani Iyer , Isidoro Ciro , Sukprasansap Monruedee , Tencomnao Tewin
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:

Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala ( C. nervosum) is a plant that produces berries that are popular as a health food in Thailand. In previous studies we have identified C. nervosum fruit extracts to have anti-aging and anti-stress properties in C.elegans

OBJECTIVE:

Evaluate the neuroprotective properties of C. nervosum seed extracts and investigate the mechanisms behind their neuroprotective properties.

METHODS:

PC12 cells were differentiated using NGF and treated with amyloid-β (Aβ)(25–35) creating a model of neurodegeneration, in which C. nervosum seed extracts were tested for neuroprotective properties. Cell viability was measured after 24 hours of using the MTT assay. We also measured the lifespan and “health span” of various C.elegans mutants and the wild type.

RESULTS:

C. nervosum seed extract protects PC12 cells from Aβ(25–35) toxicity, as well as potentiating NGF induced neurite outgrowth in the same cell line potentially under the control of the sigma-1 receptor. C. nervosum seed extracts have anti-aging properties in C. elegans, causing a significant increase in lifespan of Aβ expressing C. elegans and wild type worms. This appears to be regulated by SKN-1/NRF-2, possibly via the sigma-1 receptor. The DAF-16 pathway is also involved in the lifespan extension of C. elegans.

CONCLUSIONS:

C. nervousum has been often used as a functional food. We have shown its neuroprotective properties which are sensitive to sigma-1 receptor antagonism in PC12 cells, and involve the SKN-1/NRF-2 and DAF-16 pathway in C.elegans. Further research into the active compounds may lead to future drugs for preventing or treating neurodegenerative disease.
Planning the 4-H Club Program
Authors: Rutledge John A. , Jordan Joy Cantrell
Published: February 2021

Good 4-H club programs don’t just happen. A lot of planning comes first. A 4-H club program plan serves as a road map of the club’s activities, helping to guide the club toward its goals. This publication was originally created by John A. Rutledge, Jr., August, 1985 and was revised by Joy C. Jordan, August, 2002.

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/4h157
New Plants for Florida: Grain
Authors: Barnett Ron , Jones Richard L. , Duryea Mary , Treat Berry J.
Published: February 2021

Grain crops are widely grown in the Southeast for forage production, grain, and cover crops. They provide green livestock forage during the late fall, winter and early spring months when permanent pastures are generally dormant and nonproductive. Many successful varieties of grain have been released by the FAES Grain Breeding Team. This document is part of Circular 1440, a publication of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, the Agronomy Department and IFAS Communication Services, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date August 2003. Originally published as a booklet by IFAS Communication Services June 2003.

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag217
Planning and Establishing On-Farm Field Trials
Authors: Wallau Marcelo , Rios Esteban , Blount Ann
Published: February 2021

Planning and preparation can increase chances of successful outcomes from demonstration plots. This 5-page publication focuses on guiding the successful establishment of demonstration trials and is targeted to county, regional, and state specialized Extension faculty who aim to develop on-farm research and demonstration sites as part of their programs. Written by Marcelo Wallau, Esteban Rios, and Ann Blount, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, January 2021.
Effects of Water and Nutrients on the Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life of Citrus
Authors: Ritenour Mark A. , Wardowski Wilfred F. , Tucker David P.
Published: February 2021

Irrigation and fertilization are important components of commercial citrus production. Irrigation is necessary to adequately replenish soil water lost through evaporation and transpiration. Fertilizers replace nutrients removed during harvest and through leaching. They also maintain tree growth and vigor. Optimum management of both is critical for obtaining maximum yield. Irrigation and fertilization practices can also have significant impacts on fruit quality and shelf life during harvest, packinghouse operations, storage, and distribution. These include effects on fruit color, texture, disease susceptibility, juice composition, and the development of physiological disorders. 1. This document is HS942, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date: July 2002. Revised publication date: August 2003. 

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ch158
An Introduction to USGS Topo Maps
Authors: Hochmair Hartwig , Benjamin Adam
Published: February 2021

Topographic maps provide both a detailed and accurate representation of cultural and natural features on the ground and a quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines. They can be used to address spatial questions in disciplines related to natural resources, hydrology, forestry, agriculture, or ecology. In 1879, the United States Geological Survey began to map the topography of the United States, producing new map versions of each area at semi-regular time intervals. US Topo maps are the current generation of USGS topographic maps. Unlike traditional topographic maps, the US Topo product is automatically generated from national map databases with topographic maps and produced every three years for all 48 of the contiguous United States, Hawaii, and the United States territories. They are published as freely available geospatial PDF documents that facilitate coordinate readings and spatial measurements (e.g. distance, area) through built-in georeferencing technology. This 7-page fact sheet written by Hartwig H. Hochmair and Adam R. Benjamin and published by the UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation focuses on US Topo quadrangle download procedures and layer structure. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr432
How I Grow: Months Eleven and Twelve
Authors: Ferrer Millie , Fugate Anne M.
Published: February 2021

During these months, your adventurous baby needs you to provide a safe place to explore. Having the freedom to explore, plus your encouragement, will help your baby learn. Your baby also needs reasonable limits. Reasonable limits keep your baby safe and begin to teach him necessary boundaries. In addition to keeping him safe, boundaries also help him learn how to interact with others. By providing both the freedom to explore and safe, reasonable limits, you will help your baby develop physically, socially, emotionally, and intellectually. This document is FCS2222, one of a series of the Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville FL 32611. First published: August 2003.
University of Florida Potato Variety Trials Spotlight: ‘Atlantic’
Authors: Andrade Mario H. M. L. , Mwatuwa Rodrick Z. , Christensen Christian T. , Zotarelli Lincoln
Published: February 2021

‘Atlantic’ is a white-skinned potato, being the standard variety for chiping commonly cultivated in Florida (Figure 1). The cultivar was released as a white mutant of the USDA breeding program. It was selected from a cross of Wauseon and Lenape (UDSA seedling B5141-6). ‘Atlantic’ was released in July 1976 by the Agricultural Research Service of the USDA, the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, the Virginia Truck and Ornamentals Research Station, the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, and the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station (Webb et al. 1978). Production and quality results provided in this spotlight are summarized from various trials conducted by the University of Florida over the past 22 years.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1278

This is a minor revision with an added author. Originally published 3/2016:

Mwatuwa, Rodrick, Christian Christensen, and Lincoln Zotarelli. 2020. “University of Florida Potato Variety Trials Spotlight: Atlantic”. EDIS 2016 (3), 3. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-hs1278-2016.
Water Movement in Strawberry Beds
Authors: Duval John R. , Simonne Eric
Published: February 2021

An increasing concern for proper water usage and irrigation efficiency requires a better understanding of water movement in strawberry beds. The major factor that determines water movement in the soil is macro- and micro-pore space in the soil. This document is HS912, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date September 2003.

HS912/HS145: Water Movement in Strawberry Beds (ufl.edu)
Root Pruning of Strawberry Transplants
Authors: Duval John R. , Golden Elizabeth
Published: February 2021

This is document HS-913, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center - Bradenton, Florida. Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: September 2003.
Pesticides Registered for Tropical Fruit Crops in Florida
Authors: Crane Jonathan H. , Mossler Mark A.
Published: February 2021

This document is Fact Sheet HS177, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. New publication, May 2003.
Potato Physiological Disorders - Growth Cracks
Authors: Hutchinson Chad M.
Published: February 2021

Growth cracking is a physiological disorder of the potato tuber in which the tuber splits while growing. The split heals but leaves a fissure in the tuber. Growth cracks generally start at the bud or apical end of the potato and can extend lengthwise. Growth cracks can vary in severity from appearing as a surface abrasion to a split through the tuber. The severity depends on the stage of growth the initial cracking occurred. This document is HS930, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: July 2003.

HS930/HS182: Potato Physiological Disorders?Growth Cracks (ufl.edu)
Alligatorweed Stem Borer (suggested common name) Arcola malloi Pastrana (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae)
Authors: Wells Bonnie Cook , Minteer Carey
Published: February 2021

Includes: Introduction - Synonymy - Distribution - Description - Life Cycle - Hosts - Importance - Selected References

This publication is also available on the Featured Creatures website at http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/Creatures/BENEFICIAL/alligatorweed_stem_borer.htm
Tomato Pinworm, Keiferia lycopersicella (Walshingham)
Authors: Poe Sidney L.
Published: February 2021

The tomato pinworm is a small, microlepidopteran moth that is often confused with closely related species which have similar habits. This document is EENY-074 (originally published as DPI Entomology Circular No. 131), one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: February 1999. 

EENY074/IN231: Tomato Pinworm, Keiferia lycopersicella (Walshingham) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (ufl.edu)
Azalea Caterpillar, Datana major Grote & Robinson (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Notodontidae)
Authors: Dekle G. W. , Fasulo Thomas R.
Published: February 2021

The azalea caterpillar, Datana major G & R, is found in Florida from July through October on azaleas (Rhododendron spp.). Often, the caterpillars completely defoliate much of the plant before they are detected. While the caterpillar appears hairy, it is harmless to humans and can be picked off the bushes by hand. This document is EENY-137 (originally published as DPI Entomology Circular No. 6), one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: June 2000.

EENY137/IN294: Azalea Caterpillar, Datana major Grote & Robinson (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) (ufl.edu)
Blacklegged Tick or Deer Tick, Ixodes scapularis Say (Arachnida: Acari: Ixodidae)
Authors: Patnaude Michael R. , Mather Thomas N.
Published: February 2021

In the United States, the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say affects the greatest number of people for threeprincipal reasons: their geographic distribution coincides in the northeastern United States with the greatest concentration of humans (Miller et al. 1990); spirochete infection rates are high, often exceeding 25 (Burgdorfer et al. 1982, Anderson et al. 1983, Magnarelli et al. 1986); and the geographical range of the tick is spreading (Lastavica et al. 1989, Anderson et al. 1990, Godsey et al. 1987, Davis et al. 1984). This document is EENY-143, one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: July 2000. Revised: June 2003.

EENY-143/IN300: Blacklegged Tick or Deer Tick, Ixodes scapularis Say (Arachnida: Acari: Ixodidae) (ufl.edu)