bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SISI KENUSANTARAAN DALAM KITAB KITAB AL-TAFSĪR AL-IKLῙL FῙ MAᾹNI AL-TANZῙL KARYA KH. MISBAH MUSTHAFA
Authors: Siti Aisyah
Published: April 2021

The Nusantara side (Nusantara aspect) is found in the interpretation of KH Miṣbah Muṣṭhafa in the al-Iklīl Fī Maanī al-Tanzīl which was written in 1977 and completed in 1985 in Bangilan, Tuban. Therefore, this study is focused on how KH Miṣbah Muṣṭhafa interpreted the verses of the al-Qur`an according to the conditions in the surrounding environment at that time. This research uses descriptive-analytical method with Gadamer's hermeneutics approach to reveal the Nusantara aspect of the book. Through the horizon of the reader (mufassir), then the meaning is sought in accordance with the author's intent (al-Qur`an) so that the meaning of the verse of al-Qur`an becomes objective. This study reveals that KH Miṣbah Muṣṭhafa in interpreting the verses of al-Qur`an uses asbab al-nuzul first, then interpreted the verse according to the condition of the surrounding environment by paying attention to the undak usuk ( Javanese hierarchical language), either using Javanese Krama Inggil, Krama Lugu, or Ngoko (high, middle and low level of Javanese language). KH Miṣbah Muṣṭhafa also responded to the existing problems by prohibiting the use of loudspeakers in mosques, family planning (KB) and bank interest because according to him they were categorized as heresy.
Keywords: Nusantara aspects, Gadamer Hermeneutics, KH Miṣbah Muṣṭhafa, Tafsīr al-Iklīl Fī Maanī al-Tanzīl.
AL-QUR’AN DALAM TRADISI MANGANAN DI DESA SOKO MEDALEM KECAMATAN SENORI KABUPATEN TUBAN
Authors: Ummi Muizzah
Published: April 2021

This study examines the reception of the Qur'an in the people of Soko Medalem, Senori, Tuban in their daily life, especially in the Manganan ritual which is part of the traditions of the ancestral heritage of the local community. By using the living Qur'an approach, the focus of this study is the depiction of the form of Soko Medalem community's reception of Al-Qur'an which is transformed into their daily life and a tradition that has been deeply rooted as their cultural basis. To answer this research problem, the author uses the theory of sacred symbols and the cultural interpretation of Clifford Geertz which explains a cultural system as a sacred symbol which then influences the social relations of society it self. The result of this study reveals that the Qur'an is perceived as part of the culture and life of the people of Soko Medalem. Al-Qur'an is considered as part of cultural rites, so its sacredness ledit to be part of culture which is also full of sacred meanings. The practice of al-Qur'an in the Manganan ritual is khataman al-Qur'an which is the core of the tradition. There is a special motive for the people of SokoMedalem that is they believe in Al-Qur'an rite to bring prosperity and blessings.
Keywords: Qur’anic reception, Manganan ritual, SokoMedalem, cultural rites, sacred symbols.
MENGOMENTARI TAFSIR JALĀLAYN
Authors: Umi Musyarofah
Published: April 2021

This study examines the manuscript of the Tafsir Jalālayn in Tamansari Village, Jaken, Pati. The research method used is qualitative with a philological and historical approach. The focus of research is on the physical text or codicological aspects, as well as the study of the text. Although it is not certain who copied  them(by hand), this research finds that the manuscripts were written in the late 19th century (1890 AD). The existence of comments on the main text (matan) of Tafsir Jalālayn shows that there was a learning process of interpretation as well as an attempt to provide further explanations for this tafsir that was carried out in pesantren in this area at the end of the 19th century. This study also identifies the characteristics of the text in the manuscript. First, the interlinear translation (makna gandhul) along with the grammatical code that uses Javanese language to assist students understand the content of Tafsir Jalālayn. Second, the manuscript contains Javanese vocabulary which is no longer commonly used. Third,  the marginal notes in Arabic (hamish) add a broader and deeper understanding of the Quran. Hamish has five contributions to the main text, i.e: explaining in more detail the content of the verse and its tafsir; as an explanation for words that are still general; as a source of reference information on writing the hamish; as a main text corrector; and as a complementary to the translation of the main text. The most interesting finding in its hamish is that there is a reference to a manuscript of tafsir written by a scholar from the Rengel area, Tuban, named Kiai Madyāni Abū Ishāq entitled Tibyān al-Asrārfī Qiṣṣati Yūsuf Ladhawī al-Abṣār. This is an initial indication of the existence of correspondence between Javanese scholars in terms of Quranic interpretation.
Keywords: Manuscript of tafsir Jalālayn, codicology, characteristic of text.
MARJI‘ ḌAMĪR AYAT YAHDĪ MAN YASHĀ` DAN YUḌILLU MAN YASHĀ`
Authors: Muchammad Zahrul Anam
Published: April 2021

The distribution of the Quran Muṣḥaf in Indonesia is monitored by an institution called Lajnah Pentashihan Muṣḥaf al-Qur'an (LPMQ - Mushaf Quran Confirmation Committee). They are tasked with researching and preventive safeguarding of the Mushaf Quran. Apart from these duties, LPMQ also carries out activities related to the Quran in the form of translation and interpretation and matters related to other Quranic verses. Many people eagerly welcomed it, even the majority used LPMQ works to ease the understanding of the Quran because the redaction this Quran tends to be brief, dense yet has broad meaning. and often it use ḍamīr in order to be more concise, so it needs a deep knowledge till there is no misinterpretation. In addition to adding insight, this article also emphasizes that interpretation and translation activities must not be based on the subjectivity of the interpreter and translator, but through a process based on mu'tabar principles or agreed legal rules. This research uses the theory of marji ḍamīr of Khālid Uthman Thabt to see the consistency of the Kemenag (Ministry of Religion translator team) in terms of marji ḍamīr. Based on data analysis, it is concluded that both in translation and interpretation, LPMQ remains consistent with existing procedures regarding the legality of activities related to Quranic verses both in terms of linguistic and naḥwu (grammatical) principles, besides that this work is the piece of result of moderate thinking, the collective work of various brilliant thinkers.
Keywords: Marji‘ ḍamīr, Translation of Quran, LPMQ, Consistency.
KREDIBILITAS MUQĀTIL BIN SULAYMĀN DALAM PERIWAYATAN ISRĀ’ĪLIYYĀT
Authors: Fawaidur Ramdhani
Published: April 2021

In the circle interpretation of the Quran, Muqātil Bin Sulaymān is not a unusual name. He was one of narrators of Isrā’īliyyāt from Tabi' al-Tabi'in. One of his works, Tafsir al-Kabīr, is constantly used as a representation of interpretations which are full of nuances of Isrā’īliyyāt. This tafsir is also famous as TafsirMuqātil bin Sulaymān. During his life, many negative accusations were addressed to him. This accusation caused the passiveness of Muslim scholars to examine Tafsir al-Kabīr. Despite the many negative accusations he received, Muqātil’s expertise in the field of Quranic study could not be doubted. Ahlu Hadith agree to dismiss every hadith narrated by Muqātil. However, in the caseof narration in the story of Isrā’īliyyāt, it seems that it prevailed the dismissal. This can be proven by the many interpretations that quote the narration of Muqātil. This article will discuss how Muqātil’s credibility in the narrative of the story of Isrā’īliyyāt. Will he be dismissed or vice versa.
Keywords:Muqātil Bin Sulaymān, Isrā’īliyyāt, tafsir
PERANAN KEMITRAAN GEREJA DENGAN LEMBAGA KRISTEN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN JEMAAT
Authors: Ginting Jamsen , Hermanto Yanto Paulus , Simanjuntak Ferry
Published: April 2021

Poverty in Indonesia is still evident in areas with a large population of Christians. According to the data from the Central Bureau of Statistics in 2020, the provinces of Papua, Maluku and NTT are areas with a high percentage of population poverty rates. Even though in these areas the church has been serving the people for a long time. The existence of the church in the midst of society wherever it is is expected to be able to answer the problem of poverty that plagues church congregants and society in general. Churches that serve in poor community face challenges in playing an active role in increasing congregational income. The limited resources owned by the church and the limited financial support of congregational make the church unable to serve the congregation maximally in terms of supporting the increase in the income of the congregation who are still living in poverty. Unlike the case with churches that have good resources such as human resources and strong financial resources. Realizing the limited resources owned by the church, it is necessary to involve third parties from outside the church and the congregation to equip and provide support to the church in developing the economic potential of the congregation. Keeping Christ-centered Christian values ​​from being degraded, the church builds partnership with institutions that have the same service values ​​as the church and have the same goal of increasing the income of congregation. Cooporation can be carried out through partnerships to achieve common goals to increase income of congregation. Each party has rights and obligations that support each other in the partnership that is built.
Chiari I Malformation Presenting with Claw Hand Deformity: An Unusual Case Report
Authors: Aras Berke , Yılmaz Volkan
Published: April 2021

Chiari malformation (CM) is one of the most common malformations of central nervous system. It may be seen with syringomyelia, hydrocephalia and associated pathologies. We described an uncommon clinical presentation of CM in this paper. We report a case of 45 years old male patient consulted to our outpatient clinic with claw hand deformity who had misdiagnosed as ulnar entrapment neuropathy and undergone transposition surgery. We performed electroneuromyography (ENMG) to the patient and revealed normal conduction in ulnar nerve. We focused on the other causes of the deformity and found CM type-I with a syrinx cavity. We consulted the patient to neurosurgery clinic of our center for further treatment. CMI is often associated with syringomyelia. Claw hand is oftenly associated with traumatic or tumor related syrinx cavity but association with CMI is very unusual. We recommend the evaluation of such patients more carefully focusig on different causes.
The XPD/ERCC2, RAD51 and hOGG1 Gene Polymorphisms in Turkish Patients with Advanced-Stage Gastric Cancer
Authors: TANRIVERDİ Özgür , GOKOZ DOGU Gamze , KARGI Ayşegul , AKÇA Hakan , DEMİRAY Aydın , YAPAR Burcu , DEMİRAY Atike Gökçen , YAREN Arzu , ÖZLÜ Can , ERGİN Ahmet
Published: April 2021

In this study, we evaluated the effects of XPD/ERCC2, RAD51 and hOGG1 gene polymorphisms on prognosis in Turkish patients with advanced gastric cancer. A total of 31 gastric cancer patients with locally inoperable or distant metastasis and performance status of 0–2 and 29 healthy volunteers as the control group were enrolled in this study. DNA was isolated from serum and then single nucleotide gene polymorphism analyses were done by MassARRAY Analyzer 4 System [Sequenom]. Statistical significance of the observed genotype frequencies was evaluated according to Hardy–Weinberg rule compared to the expected genotype frequencies. Median age was 68 years: 74% male, 26% female in the study group. We determined the XPD/ERCC2 Asp312Asn [rs1799793] single nucleotide gene polymorphism G23591A, RAD51 [rs1801320] single nucleotide gene polymorphism G135C and hOGG1 Ser 326 Cys [rs1052133] single nucleotide gene polymorphism. We could not find any significant association between the genotypes and prognosis in Turkish patients with gastric cancer.
Hiperbarik Oksijen Tedavisi Uygulanan Diyabetik Ayak Yaralarında İyileşme ve Ampütasyon Sonuçlarını Etkileyen Faktörler
Authors: ÖZER Elif Ebru
Published: April 2021

Hiperbarik oksijen (HBO) tedavisinin yardımcı tedavi olarak diyabetik ayak ülserlerinde yara iyileşmesini arttırdığı ve alt ekstremite ampütasyonlarını azalttığı birçok çalışmada gösterilmiştir. Çalışmamızda hastaneye diyabetik ayak enfeksiyonu nedeniyle başvuran ve diğer tedavilerin yanında HBO tedavisi de uygulanan olguların, iyileşme/ampütasyon oranlarını etkileyen faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Diyabetik ayak yarası nedeniyle 1 Ocak 2013-31 Aralık 2014 tarihleri arasında kliniğimizde HBO tedavisi alan hastalar çalışmaya retrospektif olarak dahil edilmiştir. Tedavi sonuçları majör ampütasyon, minör ampütasyon ya da greft ile sonuçlanan, iyileşen ve değişiklik olmayan grup olarak 4 grupta sınıflandırılmıştır. Hastaların demografik özellikleri ve tıbbi bilgileri ile Wagner ve PEDIS evreleri kaydedilerek ampütasyon ile sonuçlanan hastalarda bu sonucu etkileyebilecek faktörler araştırılmıştır. Çalışmaya 158 diyabetik hastanın toplam 179 ayak yarası dahil edildi. Hastaların 46’sı kadın (%29.1), 112’si erkek (%70.9), yaş ortalamaları 63.6 (±9.5)’di. 179 ayak yarasının 21’i (%11.5) major ampütasyon, 80’i (%43.7) minör ampütasyon ya da greft ile sonuçlanmıştır. Değişiklik gözlenmeyen 12 hastaya karşı (%6.6), 66 hasta (%36.1) iyileşti olarak sınıflanmıştır. Periferik arter hastalığı (PAH) olmayan grupta majör ampütasyon gözlenmezken, PAH olan grupta majör ampütasyon oranı %15.1 olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, HBO tedavisi alan diyabetik ayak ülserli hastalarda majör ampütasyon oranı %11.5 olarak bulunmuştur. Major ampütasyon ile sonuçlanan grupta vakaların tümü Wagner evreleri 3 ve 4’tür. Wagner ve PEDIS ileri evre olan vakalarda ampütasyon ile sonuçlanma riski artar (p<0.001). PAH varlığının hastaların tedavi sonuçlarını negatif yönde etkileyen bir faktör olduğu saptanmıştır (p=0.025). Diyabetik ayak ülseri nedeniyle başvuran hastalarda Wagner ve PEDIS evrelemeleri hastanın tedavi sonucunu öngörmek için yardımcıdır.
Venöz Numune Almada Preanalitik Hataların Tespiti; Acil Servis Deneyimi
Authors: ÇOKLUK Erdem , ŞEKEROĞLU Mehmet Ramazan , TUNCER Fatıma Betül , GÜNEYSU Fatih , ÇİLLİOĞLU Selvihan , BOZ Meltem
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada, yüksek numune ret oranına sahip acil servisteki venöz numune alımında yapılan hataları yerinde tespit edip, gerekli düzelteci önleyici faaliyetleri planlamak amaçlandı. Prospektif tipteki bu çalışma için acil serviste çalışan kan alma personelleri Türk Biyokimya Derneği Venöz Kan Alma (Flebotomi) Kılavuzu’na göre 28 maddeden oluşan bir çizelge kapsamında kan alma işlemi (flebotomi) sırasında ikişer defa gözlendi. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 20.0 programı ile değerlendirildi. Flebotomi işlemlerinin %92.5’inde turnike kullanıldığı (%9.7’sinde turnike süresinin 2 dakikayı aştığı) ve işlemlerin %70.1’inde de hastanın elini yumruk yapmasının istendiği gözlendi. Kan alma işleminin %68.7’sinde enjektör kullanıldığı, enjektörle alınan numunelerin %46.7’sinde de enjektörün tüpe saplanarak kanın boşaltıldığı gözlemlendi. İşlemlerin %36.6’sında tüplerin dolum çizgisine uyulmadığı, %22.3’ünde tüplerin alt üst edilmediği ayrıca flebotomistlerin %37.3’ünün de kan alma sırasında tüp sırasına dikkat etmediği gözlendi. Yoğun iş yükü ve personel değişim sıklığı da göz önüne alındığında sürecin düzenli olarak takip edilmesi ve ihtiyaç duyulan eğitimlerin tekrarlanması gerekmektedir. Bu amaçla, hatalı süreçlerden oluşacak iş yükü, zaman ve maliyet kayıpları birim sorumlularına anlatılmalıdır. Ayrıca personellerin hizmet içi eğitiminin yerinde gözlemlenerek değerlendirilmesi yönünde prosedürler oluşturulmaktadır.
Muğla İlinde Son 5 Yılda Taranan Prematüre Bebeklerdeki Prematüre Retinopatisi Sonuçlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ALAÇAMLI Göksu , TAMER KADERLİ Sema , KARALEZLİ Aylin , HAKAN Nilay
Published: April 2021

Muğla ilinde, prematür doğum öyküsüyle Prematüre Retinopatisi taraması için kliniğimize başvuran ya da yönlendirilen bebeklerdeki prematüre retinopatisi sonuçlarını değerlendirmek. 32 hafta altında gestasyonel yaşı olan bebeklerin tümü ile 32 hafta üstünde olan ve neonatolog ya da pediatrist tarafından klinik olarak riskli bebek olarak değerlendirilen tüm bebekler tarandı. 2014-2019 yılları arasında toplam 486 bebeğe, 949 mükerrer muayene yapıldı. Prematüre retinopatisi, herhangi bir evrede %8 olarak tespit edildi. Tedaviye ihtiyaç duyan bebek sayısı sadece 1 idi. Prematüre retinopatisine bağlı körlüklerin önüne geçebilmek için, en ideal yöntem, risk grubundaki bebeklerin, standart bir çerçeve içinde taranmasıdır. Bu şekilde, tedavi gerektirecek bebeklerin zaman kaybetmeden etkili şekilde tedavisi ile prematüre retinopatisine bağlı körlükler önlenebilir.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR KIMIA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN DISCOVERY LEARNING SISWA KELAS X TEI I SMK NEGERI I KARAWANG TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017/ 2018
Authors: SARAGIH FARIDAWATY
Published: April 2021

Fakta di lapangan mata pelajaran kimia merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran yang di yang dianggap sulit bagi sebagian siswa. Banyaknya konsep kimia yang bersifat abstrak yang harus diserap siswa dalam waktu relatif terbatas, siswa cenderungbelajar dengan hafalan daripada secara aktif sehingga siswa tidak mampumengaplikasikan konsep tersebut dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sehingga siswa tidak mendapatkan materi secara konkret (nyata). Hal inilah yang menyebabkanrendahnya minat siswa dalam belajar kimia, sehingga diperlukan suatu terobosanyang dapat membantu siswa dalam prose belajar mengajar. Oleh karena itu,penelitian ini  dilakukan agar pembaharuan dalam proses belajar mengajar dapat dilakukan dengan dasar dari hasil penelitian yang benar. Penelitian ini berdasarkan hipotesa bahwa bila proses pembelajaran dilakukan dengan metode IBL akan meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMK Negeri I Karawang pada kelas X TEI I tahun pelajaran 2017-2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar dalam materi larutan elektrolit dan nonelektrolit di kelas X TEI I dimana sebelum dilakukan pembelajaran dengan IBL nilai rata rata sebesar 57,00, kemudian meningkat pada siklus 1 menjadi 71,50 dan meningkat lagi pada siklus II menjadi 81,5
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS X MM-1 SMKN 1 BOGOR MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY
Authors: AL AMIN SOLIHIN
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan prestasi belajar matematis siswa kelas X MM-1 SMKN 1 Bogor melalui model pembelajaran discovery. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian indakan Kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X MM-1 SMKN 1 Bogor. Insrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket respon siswa, dan tes kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk meningkatkan kemampuan prestasi belajar  matematis siswa kelas X MM-1 SMKN 1 Bogor dilakukan melalui pembelajaran matematika dengan model discovery learning yang dilakukan dengan 5 langkah yaitu: : (1) stimulation (stimulasi/pemberian ragsangan, (2) problem statement (penyataan/identifikasi masalah), (3) data collection (pengumpulan data), (4) data processing (pengolahan data), (5) generalization (menarik kesimpulan atau generalisasi). Setelah dilakukan pembelajaran dengan model discovery learning, kemampuan prestasi belajar  matematis siswa mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini ditunjukan dengan adanya peningkatan persentase skor rata-rata tiap indikator kemampuan prestasi belajar  matematis siswa dari siklus I ke siklus II yaitu: (a) Memberikan penjelasan sederhana dengan memfokuskan pertanyaan, menganalisis argumen, dan menjawab pertanyaan yang membutuhkan penjelasan meningkat dari 83,33 % pada siklus I menjadi 88,72 pada siklus II (b) Mengobservasi dan mempertimbangkan hasil observasi, meningkat dari 87,80 % pada siklus I menjadi 89,63 % pada siklus II (c) Membuat kesimpulan dengan mempertimbangkan nilai keputusan, meningkat dari 84,15 % pada siklus I menjadi 89,94% pada siklus II. Angket respon siswa menunjukan siswa memberikan respon positif terhadap kegiatan pembelajaran dengan model discovery learning. Pada siklus I menunjukkan kesukaan terhadap penggunaan model discovery learning dalam pembelajaran matematika adalah sebesar 66% dengan kualifikasi baik, dan pada siklus II menjadi 71,3% dengan kualifikasi baik atau meningkat sebesar 5,3%. Aktifitas siswa menunjukkan kesungguhan dan kemampuan berpikir dengan menguasai soal-soal berpikir kritis matematis yang diberikan pada siklus I adalah sebesar 68% dengan kualifikasi baik, dan pada siklus II menjadi 81,6% dengan kualifikasi baik atau meningkat sebesar 13,6%.
Optimizing Placement of Field Experience Program: An Integration of MOORA and Rule-Based Decision Making
Authors: Okfalisa Okfalisa , Hafsari Rizka , Nawanir Gusman , Toto Saktioto , Yanti Novi
Published: April 2021

The lack of optimality in the Field Experience Program (FEP) placement has affected universities’ educational services to the stakeholders. Bringing together the stakeholders’ needs, university capacities, and participants’ willingness to quality and quantity is not easy. This study tries to optimize the placement of FEP by considering the interests of multiple perspectives through the application of Multi-Objective Optimization on the Basic of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) and Rule-Based methods in the form of a decision-making model. MOORA ranked the students based on the FEP committee’s perspective and other criteria, such as micro-teaching grades, final GPAs, study programs, number of credits, and student addresses. Meanwhile, the school perspective was ordered based on its accreditations, levels, types, facilities, and performances. To achieve the optimal recommendation of FEP placement, the integration of MOORA and Rule-based intertwined the requirement of such perspectives. A prototype of the system recommendation is then acquired to simplify the decision-making model. As adjudications, a survey from twenty stakeholders evidenced around 86.92% of system user acceptances. The confusion matrix testing defines the accuracy of this method reaches 78.33%. This paper reveals that the recommendation model has been successfully increasing the effectiveness of decision making in FEP placement under the needs and expectations of the entire stakeholders.
Artificial Neural Network Intelligent System on the Early Warning System of Landslide
Authors: Sofwan Aghus , Sumardi  , Najib  , Bhirawa Indrah Wendah Atma
Published: April 2021

Landslide is a natural sloping ground movement disaster that can occur due to several factors such as high rainfall, soil moisture in the depth of the soil of an area, vibrations experienced in the region, and the slope of the ground structure. A system that can deliver these factor values into the levels of vulnerability of landslide disasters is needed. The system uses Arduino Mega 2560 to process the level of vulnerability. It can predict the moment and the probability of the disaster occurring as an early warning system. The artificial neural network (ANN) intelligent system can expect an event of a disaster. The designed ANN used five parameters causing landslide as input data: rainfall, slope, soil moisture on the surface, soil moisture in the ground’s depth, and soil vibration. The ANN system output delivered three-level conditions: the safe, the standby, and the hazardous. The feed-forward backpropagation (FFBP) and the cascade forward backpropagation (CFBP) methods were analyzed. The performance of both methods was compared in terms of minimum square error (MSE). The MSE results of FFBP and CFBP in the safe, the standby, and the hazardous conditions were 0.017076 and 0.034952; 0.049597 and 0.046764; 0.062105 and 0.060355; respectively. The results point to the supremacy of CFBP to FFBP in standby and hazardous conditions. Therefore, the CFBP is implemented into the hardware of the early warning system.
Radiation Modified CS/PVA Film with PVP Coating as Cu Adsorbent Material
Authors: Talip Norhashidah , , Muhammad Afifi Amalina , Hamzah Mohd Yusof , Mahmud Maznah , Idris Sarada
Published: April 2021

Chitosan/Polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) films were coated with layer of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) to improve its mechanical strength. In this study, chitosan/PVA mixture was first cast into film. The films were later dipped into different concentrations of PVP solutions at 1%, 3%, and 5%. They were then exposed to gamma (γ) radiation at 5,10,20 and 30 kGy. The tensile strength of chitosan/PVA films coated with 1% PVP was found to increase up to 31%. Elongation at break was improved by 1% PVP coating. The CS/PVA Removal Efficiency (RE) with or without PVP coatings were not affected by γ irradiation. Result shows that the best settings to enhance the tensile strength of CS/PVA films for Cu adsorption application was 1% PVP coating at 5 kGy γ radiation.
Radiographic Measurement of Cochlear in Sudanese Population using High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT)
Authors: Bushara Lubna , Yousef Mohamed , Abdelaziz Ikhlas , Zidan Mogahid , Bilal Dalia , Wathig Mohammed El
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to determine the measurements of the cochlea among healthy subjects and hearing deafness subjects using a High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT). A total of 230 temporal bone HRCT cases were retrospectively investigated in the period spanning from 2011 to 2015. Three 64-slice units were used to examine patients with clinical complaints of hearing loss conditions at three Radiology departments in Khartoum, Sudan. For the control group (A) healthy subjects, the mean width of the right and left cochlear were 5.61±0.40 mm and 5.56±0.58 mm, the height were 3.56±0.36 mm and 3.54±0.36 mm, the basal turn width were 1.87±0.19 mm and 1.88 ±0.18 mm, the width of the cochlear nerve canal were 2.02±1.23 and 1.93±0.20, cochlear nerve density was 279.41±159.02 and 306.84±336.9 HU respectively. However, for the experimental group (B), the mean width of the right and left cochlear width were 5.38±0.46 mm and 5.34±0.30 mm, the height were 3.53±0.25 mm and 3.49±0.28mm, the basal turn width were 1.76±0.13 mm, and 1.79±0.13 mm, the width of the cochlear nerve canal were 1.75±0.18mm and 1.73±0.18mm, and cochlear nerve density were 232.84±316.82 and 196.58±230.05 HU, respectively. The study found there was a significant difference in cochlea’s measurement between the two groups with a p-value < 0.05. This study had established baseline measurements for the cochlear for the healthy Sudanese population. Furthermore, it found that HRCT of the temporal bone was the best for investigation of the cochlear and could provide a guide for the clinicians to manage congenital hearing loss.
Validation of Snort-spit Saliva in Detecting COVID-19 Using RT-PCR and Rapid Antigen Detection Test
Authors: CARRILLO RYNER JOSE , Sarmiento Abigail D. , Ang Mark Anthony C. , Diwa Michelle H. , Dungog Cecille C. , Tan Daniel I. , Lacuata Jan Alexis C. , Salud Jacob Ephraim D. , Lopa Ramon Antonio B. , Velasco John Mark S. , Berba Regina P. , Chiong Charlotte M.
Published: April 2021

Objective. To determine the diagnostic accuracy of self-collected snorted and spit saliva in detecting COVID-19 using RT-PCR (ssRT-PCR) and lateral flow antigen test (ssLFA) versus nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR (npRT-PCR).

Methods. One hundred ninety-seven symptomatic subjects for COVID-19 testing in a tertiary hospital underwent snort-spit saliva self-collection for RT-PCR and antigen testing and nasopharyngeal swab for RT-PCR as reference. Positivity rates, agreement, sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios were estimated.

Results. Estimated prevalence of COVID-19 using npRT-PCR was 9% (exact 95% CI of 5.5% - 14.1%). A higher positivity rate of 13% in the ssRT-PCR assay suggested possible higher viral RNA in the snort-spit samples. There was 92.9% agreement between ssRT-PCR and npRT-PCR (exact 95% CI of 88.4% to 96.1%; Cohen’s Kappa of 0.6435). If npRT-PCR will be assumed as reference standard, the estimated Sensitivity was 83.3% (exact 95% CI of 60.8% to 94.2%), Specificity 93.9% (exact 95% CI of 89.3% to 96.5%), Positive predictive value of 57.7% (exact 95% CI of 38.9% to 74.5%), Negative predictive value of 98.2% (exact 95% CI of 95% to 99.4%), positive likelihood ratio of 3.65 (95% CI of 7.37 to 24.9), negative likelihood ratio of 0.178 (95% CI of 0.063 to 0.499). There was 84.84% agreement (95% exact CI of 79.1% to 89.5%; Cohen’s Kappa of 0.2356) between ssLFAvs npRT-PCR, sensitivity of 38.9% (exact 95% CI of 20.3% to 61.4%), specificity of 89.4% (exact 95% CI of 84.1% to 93.1%), PPV of 26.9% (95% CI of 13.7% to 46.1%), NPV of 93.6% (exact 95% CI of 88.8% to 96.4%), LR+ of 3.67 (95% CI of 1.79 - 7.51), LR – of 0.68 (95% CI of 0.47 - 0.99).

Conclusion. Our data showed that snort-spit saliva RT-PCR testing had acceptable diagnostic performance characteristics and can potentially be used as an alternative to the standard nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab RT-PCR test for COVID-19 in certain situations. However, our data also showed that snort-spit saliva antigen testing using lateral flow assay did not offer acceptable performance.
Physicians’ Perceptions on the Role of Telemedicine in Cancer Care During and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Cruz-Lim Ella Mae , Co Henri Cartier , Mendoza Marvin Jonne , Dumlao III Patricio , Lucero Josephine Anne , Yap Bernadette , Garcia Carlo Victorio
Published: April 2021

Objectives. This study aims to determine perceptions of physicians in our institution on the role of telemedicine in cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic and to assess its perceived benefits and barriers.

Methods. This is a cross-sectional study of physicians involved in cancer care in a tertiary referral hospital in the Philippines. We administered a 21-item online survey questionnaire between August to October 2020.

Results. We received and analyzed 84 physician responses. Ninety-six percent of physicians currently use telemedicine, an increase from 59% pre-pandemic. Eighty-nine percent use telemedicine for follow-up virtual consults, while 75% use telemedicine for case discussions in multidisciplinary meetings. The mean number of monthly patient consults conducted through telemedicine increased to 29.5 (SD: 24.8) from a pre-pandemic mean of 7.7 (SD: 18.7). Eighty-four percent of respondents perceived its main benefit as an infection control measure. The other perceived benefits of telemedicine include convenience (78%), accessibility to cancer care (72%), cost-effectiveness (68%), and time efficiency (44%). A quarter of the respondents believed that telemedicine has the potential to improve cancer outcomes. Ninety-two percent of the respondents expressed that they will use telemedicine occasionally in their practice.

Conclusion. Telemedicine was perceived by Filipino physicians in a tertiary hospital as an acceptable solution for the provision of cancer care during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Tele-oncology should be further investigated to maximize patient and physician satisfaction and improve cancer outcomes. Data from this study can be used to improve oncology practice and service delivery to suitable patients during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Development of Ethical and Operational Guidelines for the Delivery of Surgical Care in a COVID-19 Referral Hospital
Authors: Caballes Alvin B. , Lapitan Marie Carmela , Lukban Claudine B. , Siahetong Samantha G. , Villanueva Maureen P. , Viray Brent G.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has not only resulted in a public health crisis but has also strained hospital services. The provision of surgical care should therefore also be guided by ethical, and whenever applicable, also legal, principles.

Methods. An integrative approach that covers clinical and ethical dimensions, as well as spans the spectrum of surgical care, is therefore necessary. This action research involved three key steps: 1) identification of ethical dilemmas related to the provision of surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic; 2) preparation of clinical scenarios that highlight these dilemmas; and 3) determination of the appropriate options for the said scenarios, based on the best available evidence as well as most applicable ethical principles.

Results. Ethical theories included utilitarianism, human rights, and communitarianism. Ethical principles included non-maleficence, justice, autonomy, and beneficence. Values considered were duty, reciprocity, human life, efficiency, fairness, fidelity, ownership, social value, and fair innings. Also incorporated were informed consent, allocation principles, resource allocation, and triage. In terms of operational issues and surgical technical concerns, the following were considered: phased standards of care, categorization of interventions, prioritization, surgical approaches, infection control, diagnostics, patient welfare, staff welfare, operations protocols, surgical training, and communication. Key points derived from the ethical and technical considerations of surgical care delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic are presented.

Conclusion. This action research involving a review of the literature and stakeholder engagement has provided a concise ethical and technical resource for surgical administrators, practitioners, and trainees.
Microbial load of healthcare wastes in Aba Metropolis, Abia State
Authors: Onwuchekwa Elendu, C. , C. Anaele, C. , P. Emeonye, O. , J. Felix C. , J. Ikechukwu-Okoroezi, , J. Kanu, S. A. , U. Ubaji, , Queen Chinyere Maduagwu
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Healthcare waste is the total waste both solid and liquid from healthcare establishment and laboratories. A hospital produces waste by giving their services to the patients. Purpose: This study examined the microbial load of waste from selected healthcare facilities in Aba metropolis, Abia State.

Methodology: Tenfold serial dilution was used for processing of all the samples. After the dilutions, exactly 0.5ml of each the sample was planted on the media using the spread plate method and evaluated using the standard microbiological techniques.

Results: The viable count (TVC) ranged from 1.0×103cfu/g to 0.3×108cfu/g, coliform count (TCC) ranged from 0.4×102 cfu/g to 4.2×104 cfu/g, staphylococcal count (TSC) ranged from 1.0×101 cfu/g to 1.4×102 and fungal counts ranged from 2.0×102 cfu/g to 0.8×103cfu/g in the microbial count of various waste samples within the Aba metropolis, Abia State. The laboratory waste had the highest microbial counts, followed by the Out-patient department waste and the least was the pharmaceutical waste. The microorganisms isolated from the hospital wastes were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, A. Fumigatus, Candida albicans and among others.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This research has revealed that healthcare waste contained pathogens with high microbial load densities, suggesting that the hospital wastes may pose a major health and environmental threat, if not properly managed. The study recommends that, the government should ensure that there is a policy on hospital waste management in line with recommended international best practices, which should be monitored and enforced.
CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF DELAYS AND DISRUPTIONS IN THE NIGERIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Authors:   Department of Architectural Technology-Mai Idris  Alooma Polytechnic Geidam, Yobe State, Nigeria, Dunama Muhammad , Ali Zannah ,   Department of Architectural Technology-Mai Idris  Alooma Polytechnic Geidam, Yobe State, Nigeria, Usman Mohammed ,   Department of Architectural Technology-Mai Idris  Alooma Polytechnic Geidam, Yobe State, Nigeria
Published: April 2021

Delays and disruptions are among the challenges faced in the course of executing construction projects in Nigeria. Delays as well as disruptions are sources of potential risks that current studies are looking into ways to manage such as technical, social, economic, legal, financial, resource, construction and commercial. The purpose of this research is to assess causes and effects of delays and disruptions in the Nigerian construction industry. This study is descriptive, designed to obtain views from clients, consulting firms, regulatory boards and construction firms in regard to causes and effects of delays in construction projects. Two sampling techniques were used to select respondents namely: purposive and random sampling. Literature review, questionnaires techniques were used to collect data for the study. Findings reveal that the main causes of delays and disruptions are: design changes, delays in payment to contractors, information delays, funding problems, poor project management, compensation issues and disagreement on the valuation of work done. On the other hand, time overrun, cost overrun, negative social impact, idling resources and disputes are the main effects of delays and disruptions. The study concludes that there still exist a number of causes of delays and disruptions and their effects put construction projects at great risk that have an effect on their performance. It is therefore recommended that adequate construction budget, timely issuing of information, finalization of design and project management skills should be the main focus of the parties in project procurement process.
AN OVERVIEW OF CONSTRUCTION PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT TOWARD PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT
Authors:   Department of Architectural Technology Mai Idris Alooma Polytechnic Geidam, Yobe State, Nigeria, Ali Zannah , Mohammed Bukar ,   Department of Architectural Technology Mai Idris Alooma Polytechnic Geidam, Yobe State, Nigeria, Dunama Muhammad ,   Department of Architectural Technology Mai Idris Alooma Polytechnic Geidam, Yobe State, Nigeria
Published: April 2021

The awareness of construction performance measurement which involves setting new operating targets and standards has been raised among majority of construction organizations. This is so because of the ever-increasing requirements and expectations of the clients which necessitated continuous improvement in the cost, timing and quality of construction output. Productivity as an important issue in any industry can only be improved when the effect of changes applied on method, effort and system that can be measured. This paper reviewed internal performance measurement which makes a construction organization focuses on identifying improvement areas within its structure through comparing its business operations with others who do it better, through setting new targets to meet. The paper identified key performance indicators of internal performance measurement which include; time, cost, quality, client satisfaction, effective communication, safety and health and risk management. Lastly, the paper reviewed external performance measurement which makes the construction industry as a whole attempt to improve its productivity through designing tools and techniques applicable to construction. The paper concluded that, in order to improve construction performance, it is essential to have accurate measurements reflecting current trends and practice toward effective productivity. The construction industries should effectively take up internal performance measurements and be more open to external performance measurements that have been successful in other industries and assess if adaptable to construction projects.
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC REPERCUSSIONS OF CATTLE RUSTLING IN GUSAU LOCAL GOVERNMENT ZAMFARA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors:   Department of Sociology, Bayero University Kano, P.M.B 0182, Kano State, Nigeria, Bello Kabir , Abdullahi Mohammed ,   Department of Sociology Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab India
Published: April 2021

The study dwells on the recent upsurge of the problem of Cattle rustling in Gusau Local Government in Zamfara State, Nigeria. The acts which is one of the different forms of rural banditry, involves attacking rural communities with dangerous weapons and the stealing of their livestock by the gang of cattle rustlers. These result in the indiscriminate killings of innocent livestock owners, farmers, rural traders, vigilante group members, rape and abduction of young girls and married women and burning of hamlets/settlements by the various gang of cattle rustlers operating in the affected areas .Consequently, this resulted in mass migration of innocent rural dwellers out of the conflict areas of Gusau to more safer regions. Negatively this has affected the area economically and undermined the social fabric of the rural communities.In addition, the study also examined the reasons for the recent upsurge of cattle rustling in the affecteddistricts The research used the Queer ladder theoryand for analysis of the functional significance of organised crime as a means for socioeconomic empowerment and social climbing Dahrendorf’s theoretical model of conflict to demonstrate the impact of authority relations that precipitate the conflict. Data were collected using survey method with a sample of 100 respondents while ten(10) key informant interviews were conducted with the stakeholders that include police officers, local vigilante, NGOs, civil defence corps, and community leaders making a total of 110. The findings indicated that the upsurge in cattle rustling could be attributed to factors that include the proliferation of firearms among the Fulani herdsmen, activities of the rural vigilante groups, influence of violent culture, lack of adequate or complete absence of security personnel in the affected districts. As a way forward the research recommends that, the government should as a matter of urgency embark on comprehensive disarmaments of all parties involved, and adequate security to be immediately provided to the affected communities and other vulnerable areas prone to attack and generally uplift the standard of living of the people.
Machine Learning Based Solution for the Detection of Malicious JPEG Image and QR Code
Authors: Shaikh Prof. Asma , Kotavadekar Ms. Rasika , Sawant Ms. Sanjita , Landge Ms. Sayali
Published: April 2021

The biggest invention of 21st century is the social media. It is biggest platform which is using to share data, files and documents. Even it is using to share thoughts, ideas and feelings using different tools and techniques. People are hyper connected with each other and they are continuously sharing the information. For criminals, deploying malware in such scenario is very easy and propagating malware through JPEG images and QR Code is one of the best and most advanced method. Using steganography techniques, criminals embedded the malicious codes with legitimate or innocent looking images. This malicious content is just few line of codes which exploit the vulnerability of application. It give remote access of this system to the attacker which can do criminal act. In this framework, our primary purpose is to find the presence of any code or data in image. After it, the major section of this framework based upon the finding of code and its adverse effects. This framework shows the corresponding solution to the malicious code presence in JPEG images and QR code which are spreading through online social networking sites.
Insights into COVID-19 Chemotherapies: Potential and Challenges
Authors: Yahya Esam
Published: April 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a newly emerged infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, has recently become pandemic. Although several therapeutic options are currently available for the treatment of COVID-19, no effective antiviral agents have been developed yet. Many countries follow the strategy of keeping the patient in good state and count on his own immune system to develop an effective immune response. Since the beginning of the pandemic, many previous therapeutic options have been used in COVID-19 treatment including antiviral, non-antiviral drugs and convalescent plasma-based therapies. This review delivers comprehensive illustration of the current therapeutic drugs that have been used for COVID-19 treatment all over the world since the pandemic starts.
Dinámica distributiva de flujos bifásicos con carga de madera en un abanico aluvial experimental
Authors: Santibañez N. , Mazzorana B. , Iribarren P. , Mao L. , Rojas I.
Published: April 2021

Los abanicos aluviales se ven afectados episódicamente por la dinámica distributiva generada por procesos de flujo bifásico extremos. El sedimento inorgánico no es el único componente de la fracción sólida de los flujos bifásicos; también hay que considerar la carga de madera de gran tamaño. Siguiendo un enfoque experimental, el objetivo fue evaluar, en un modelo físico, la aleatoriedad de la morfodinámica y de la exposición asociadas a un conjunto de condiciones de carga específicas. Se exploró, además, cómo cambian estos patrones si se agrega madera de gran tamaño a la mezcla bifásica en una proporción fija de la fracción sólida. Variando sistemáticamente las condiciones de carga, se ejecutaron dos conjuntos de experimentos, uno con y otro sin una proporción fija de la fracción sólida constituida por madera de gran tamaño. Los resultados obtenidos confirman que los patrones de exposición asociados a una misma carga de sedimentos exhiben una notable aleatoriedad, que la potencia de la corriente aplicada ejerce un efecto decisivo en esos patrones y que la porción fija de madera de gran tamaño interfiere fuertemente con la dinámica distributiva de flujos bifásicos en abanicos aluviales.
Ethical recommendations for music therapy in neurorehabilitation: impure a priori foundations and transpersonal holism
Authors: Torriani Tristan Guillermo
Published: April 2021

Music therapy has been proven useful in the treatment of a wide range of disorders, even if often in only an auxiliary role. Its use for patients requiring neurological rehabilitation is rather recent and its effectiveness has been assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Practitioners must undergo rigorous training to obtain certification and must be able to combine a high level of therapeutic and artistic skills. As members of multidisciplinary teams, music therapists are expected to (1) justify their participation by employing the most effective methods at their disposal; (2) adapt or even create musical material best suited to patients’ needs; and (3) strive for a theoretical understanding of what their intervention is trying accomplish. These recommendations emerge from concrete realities that we could not take cognizance of purely a priori. An attempt to ground them post hoc in an abstract universal conception of human dignity realized in Kant’s practical reason, attractive as that might seem philosophically, is ridden with logical gaps (non-sequiturs) and circularity (Rorty). Moral concepts ought rather to be understood as impure a priori criteria for moral judgment acquired and negotiated through linguistic socialization (Herder, Piaget, Vygotsky, Wittgenstein, Habermas). The collective construction of a future neuroethics makes sense as a humanitarian plea (Herder’s Humanität) following the jurisprudential practice of English common law rather than the top-down imposition of a global civil code. In so far as music therapy is concerned, it will most likely remain embedded in the moral anthropological context of local languages, cultures and traditions, albeit with some foreign influences caused by international exchange.
Os novos desafios da ética da neurociência
Authors: Nahra Cinara
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir os desafios que se colocam para a ética da neurociência na terceira década do século XXI. Discutimos aqui o projeto americano BRAIN initiative criado em 2013 e fazemos alguns questionamentos a este, especialmente no que se refere a participação e a pesquisa que está sendo feita pela agencia de pesquisa do Departamento de Defesa dos Estados Unidos da América (DARPA). Questionamos também a pesquisa sobre o cérebro e desenvolvimento de neurotecnologias que é feita pelo setor privado como as Tech giants e outras empresas bilionárias. Propomos que é necessário que haja uma grande reformulação na área da ética da neurociência com o objetivo de contribuir para colocar a neurociência e a neurotecnologia cada vez mais disponíveis para todos e a serviço da humanidade.