bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamin Inhibitors Impair Endocytosis and Mitogenic Signaling of PDGF
Authors: Sadowski Łukasz , Jastrzębski Kamil , Kalaidzidis Yannis , Heldin Carl‐Henrik , Hellberg Carina , Miaczynska Marta
Published: February 2013

Platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms regulate cell proliferation, migration and differentiation both in embryonic development and adult tissue remodeling. At the cellular level, growth‐factor signaling is often modulated by endocytosis. Despite important functions of PDGF, its endocytosis remains poorly studied, mainly for lack of tools to track internalized ligand by microscopy. Here, we developed such a tool and quantitatively analyzed internalization and endosomal trafficking of PDGF‐BB in human fibroblasts. We further show that PDGF can be internalized in the presence of dynamin inhibitors, arguing that both dynamin‐dependent and dynamin‐independent pathways can mediate PDGF uptake. Although these routes operate with somewhat different kinetics, they both ultimately lead to lysosomal degradation of PDGF. Although acute inhibition of dynamin activity only moderately affects PDGF endocytosis, it specifically decreases downstream signaling of PDGF via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). This correlates with reduced expression of MYC and impaired cell entry into S‐phase, indicating that dynamin activity is required for PDGF‐induced mitogenesis. Our data support a general view that the components governing endocytic trafficking may selectively regulate certain signaling effectors activated by a growth factor.
The Stability of Malaria Elimination
Authors: Chiyaka C. , Tatem A. J. , Cohen J. M. , Gething P. W. , Johnston G. , Gosling R. , Laxminarayan R. , Hay S. I. , Smith D. L.
Published: February 2013

Eradication may not be necessary before countries can eliminate, scale back control, and rely on health systems.
Comment on "Bilaterian Burrows and Grazing Behavior at >585 Million Years Ago"
Authors: Gaucher Claudio , Poiré Daniel G. , Bossi Jorge , Bettucci Leda Sánchez , Beri Ángeles
Published: February 2013

Pecoits
et al
. (Reports, 29 June 2012, p. 1693) describe bilaterian trace fossils and assign them an Ediacaran age based on the age of a granite interpreted as intrusive. We argue that the granite is not intrusive but in fact represents the basement of the sedimentary succession. Moreover, we show that identical trace fossils occur in nearby Carboniferous-Permian glacigenic rocks.
Ferromagnetic Quantum Critical Point in the Heavy-Fermion Metal YbNi
4
(P
1−

x

As

x

)
2
Authors: Steppke Alexander , Küchler Robert , Lausberg Stefan , Lengyel Edit , Steinke Lucia , Borth Robert , Lühmann Thomas , Krellner Cornelius , Nicklas Michael , Geibel Christoph , Steglich Frank , Brando Manuel
Published: February 2013

Arsenic Makes a Difference

A quantum critical point (QCP) occurs when quantum fluctuations, which do not go away even at absolute zero, cause a gradual (so-called second order) phase change. QCPs have been observed in ferromagnets, but for ferromagnetic metals, the evidence is less clear-cut and it is thought that, as the temperature is lowered, another order—such as superconductivity—will prevent the formation of a QCP. However,

Steppke
et al.

(p.
933
), using specific heat and magnetic susceptibility measurements, found strong evidence for a QCP in a quasi–one-dimensional heavy fermion material, YbNi
4
(P

1−
x

As

x

)
2
, near an Arsenic substitution level of about 10%. The results present a challenge to theories about quantum criticality in ferromagnets.
A Journey Through 200 Years of Models
The World in the Model
How Economists Work and Think

by Mary S. Morgan

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2012. 439 pp. $125, £75. ISBN 9781107002975. Paper, $39.99, £24.99. ISBN 9780521176194.
Authors: Marchionni Caterina
Published: February 2013

Morgan's close examination of how economists construct and use models elucidates both economics and scientific modeling.
Bacterial Escape Artists Set Afire
Authors: Cemma Marija , Brumell John H.
Published: February 2013

An enzyme protects mice from bacterial infection by inducing pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death.

[Also see Report by

Aachoui
et al.

]
North Korea's Blast Poses Riddles and Challenges
Authors: Stone Richard
Published: February 2013

The country's third nuclear weapons test: plutonium device or a uranium bomb? And how can we be sure?
Pulling South Africa Back From the HIV/AIDS Brink
Authors: Cohen Jon
Published: February 2013

Science
spoke with Aaron Motsoaledi, the South African minister of health who has helped South Africa aggressively expand testing and treatment for both HIV and TB.
Good Performance of the SpectraCell
RA
System for Typing of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates
Authors: te Witt R. , Vaessen N. , Melles D. C. , Lekkerkerk W. S. N. , van der Zwaan E. A. E. , Zandijk W. H. A. , Severin J. A. , Vos M. C.
Published: February 2013

Typing of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) remains necessary in order to assess whether transmission of MRSA occurred and to what extent infection prevention measures need to be taken. Raman spectroscopy (SpectraCell
RA
[SCRA]; RiverD International, Rotterdam, The Netherlands) is a recently developed tool for bacterial typing. In this study, the performance (typeability, discriminatory power, reproducibility, workflow, and costs) of the SCRA system was evaluated for typing of MRSA strains isolated from patients and patients' household members who were infected with or colonized by MRSA. We analyzed a well-documented collection of 113 MRSA strains collected from 54 households. The epidemiological relationship between the MRSA strains within one household was used as the gold standard. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used for discrepancy analysis. The results of SCRA analysis on the strain level corresponded with epidemiological data for 108 of 113 strains, a concordance of 95.6%. When analyzed at the household level, the results of SCRA were correct for 49 out of 54 households, a concordance of 90.7%. Concordance on the strain level with epidemiological data for PFGE was 93.6% (103/110 isolates typed). Concordance on the household level with epidemiological data for PFGE was 93.5% (49/53 households analyzed). With PFGE regarded as the reference standard, the conclusions reached with Raman spectroscopy were identical to those reached with PFGE in 100 of 105 cases (95.2%). The reproducibility of SCRA was found to be 100%. We conclude that the SpectraCell
RA
system is a fast, easy-to-use, and highly reproducible typing platform for outbreak analysis that can compete with the currently used typing techniques.
Double tooth in mandibular incisor region: a case report
Authors: Mohan Ravi Prakash Sasankoti , Verma Sankalp , Singh Amit Kumar , Singh Udita
Published: February 2013

Double tooth is a term used to describe connate tooth and includes both dental fusion and gemination. Fusion refers to the union of two tooth germs resulting in a single large tooth. Owing to its irregular morphology, this anomaly can cause unpleasant aesthetic appearance. The diagnosis is based on the clinical findings and radiographic examination. We hereby discuss a case of fusion in a 30-year-old woman.
Infectious scleritis mimicking severe ocular inflammation: atypical initial presentation
Authors: Murthy Somasheila I , Sati Alok , Sangwan Virender
Published: February 2013

Two farmers presented with sudden-onset of severe conjunctival congestion and intense chemosis along with features of anterior uveitis. Intraocular pressure was elevated in the first case. Clinically, a diagnosis of severe ocular inflammation was made. Both were hospitalised and were started on topical and parenteral antibiotics. Subsequently, both presented with scleral abscess and choroidal detachment at the site of abscess. Scleral deroofing was performed which revealed fungal infection in the first andPseudomonas aeroginosain the second case. Both patients were treated accordingly and showed dramatic response with development of scarring and thinning along with complete resolution of choroidal detachment. Infective scleritis should be considered as one of the provisional diagnosis in patients presenting with features of unilateral ocular inflammation, especially in cases with history of trauma or in predisposed individuals.
Anorectal and inguinal lymphogranuloma venereum among men who have sex with men in Amsterdam, the Netherlands: trends over time, symptomatology and concurrent infections
Authors: de Vrieze Nynke Hesselina Neeltje , van Rooijen Martijn , Schim van der Loeff Maarten Franciscus , de Vries Henry John C
Published: February 2013

Objectives

To examine lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) trends over time among men who have sex with men (MSM) visiting the Amsterdam sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic; to investigate anal LGV symptomatology; and to examine the positivity and characteristics of anorectal and inguinal LGV.

Methods

We included MSM consultations from whom a swab (from anorectum, bubo or an genital ulcer) was taken forChlamydia trachomatis(Ct) screening. Anorectal swabs were taken from all MSM who reported receptive anorectal intercourse in the preceding 6 months. Ct positive samples were further tested with apmpHPCR to identify L-genovars. Patient symptoms, clinical and anoscopic inflammatory signs, and STI co-infections were noted; Gram-stained anorectal mucosal smears were examined.

Results

Between January 2005 and June 2012, 48 570 consultations among MSM were conducted. In 3628/35 650 visits, anorectal Ct infections were diagnosed, including 411 anal LGV (1.2%). Moreover, 65/1649 genital ulcer swabs were Ct positive; 10 were inguinal LGV (0.6%) Since January 2011 a significant increase in the positivity of LGV occurred (p<0.0001). 89 (27.2%) anorectal LGV cases were asymptomatic. HIV prevalence among anorectal LGV cases was significantly higher (p=0.008) than among inguinal LGV cases. STI co-morbidity in anorectal LGV cases remained invariably high during the study period.

Conclusions

Since January 2011, LGV positivity in MSM consultations in Amsterdam has risen significantly. The great majority comprise anal LGV; inguinal LGV is rare. Anal LGV is asymptomatic in a quarter of cases. In all MSM with anal Ct infections LGV should be excluded, irrespective of symptoms or inflammatory signs.
Effect of plasma donation and blood donation on aerobic and anaerobic responses in exhaustive, severe-intensity exercise
Authors: Hill David W. , Vingren Jakob L. , Burdette Samantha D.
Published: February 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate and delayed effects of plasma donation and blood donation on responses in exhaustive, severe-intensity exercise. Nineteen young men and women performed exhaustive cycle ergometer tests at ∼3.3 W·kg−1 before and then 2 h, 2 days, and 7 days after withdrawal of either 8–10 mL·kg−1 (∼700 mL) of plasma (n = 10) or 1 unit (450 mL) of whole blood (n = 9). Time to exhaustion was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased after the removal of plasma (−11% after 2 h) and after the removal of blood (−19% after 2 h and −7% after 2 days). Maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) was not affected by plasma donation, but [Formula: see text] was reduced following blood withdrawal (−15% after 2 h, −10% after 2 days, and −7% after 7 days) presumably because of effects on blood volume, total haemoglobin content, and haemoglobin concentration. The kinetics of the oygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) response was not affected by either intervention. Two measures of anaerobic capacity, postexercise blood lactate concentration, and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit were reduced (−14%, −15%, respectively) 2 h after plasma donation, but neither was affected by blood donation. Removal of plasma and removal of blood have different effects on blood constituency, on the [Formula: see text] response, and on performance. Plasma donation appears to affect exercise performance because of reduced anaerobic capacity, whereas blood donation affects performance because of lowered [Formula: see text].
Population-averaged predictions with generalized linear mixed-effects models in forestry: an estimator based on Gauss−Hermite quadrature
Authors: Fortin Mathieu
Published: February 2013

Data in forestry are often spatially and (or) serially correlated. In the last two decades, mixed models have become increasingly popular for the analysis of such data because they can relax the assumption of independent observations. However, when the relationship between the response variable and the covariates is nonlinear, as is the case in generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), population-averaged predictions cannot be obtained from the fixed effects alone. This study proposes an estimator, which is based on a five-point Gauss−Hermite quadrature, for population-averaged predictions in the context of GLMM. The estimator was tested through Monte Carlo simulation and compared with a regular generalized linear model (GLM). The estimator was also applied to a real-world case study, a harvest model. The results showed that GLM predictions were unbiased but that their confidence intervals did not achieve their nominal coverage. On the other hand, the proposed estimator yielded unbiased predictions with reliable confidence intervals. The predictions based on the fixed effects of a GLMM exhibited the largest biases. If statistical inferences are needed, the proposed estimator should be used. It is easily implemented as long as the random effect specification does not contain multiple random effects for the same hierarchical level.
The effect of female sexual hormones on the intestinal and serum cytokine response after traumatic brain injury: different roles for estrogen receptor subtypes
Authors: Khaksari Mohammad , Keshavarzi Zakieh , Gholamhoseinian Ahmad , Bibak Bahram
Published: February 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of female sexual hormones on intestinal and serum cytokines following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Adult female rats were ovariectomized and distributed among the following 9 groups: (i) sham trauma, (ii) TBI (Marmarou’s method), (iii) vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide) treated, (iv) estrogen (E2) treated, (v) progesterone (P) treated, (vi) treated with E2+P, (vii) propylpyrazole triol (PPT) treated, (viii) diarylpropionitrile (DPN) treated, and (ix) control. PPT and DPN are estrogen receptor αand β agonists, respectively. Serum and intestinal levels of interleukin (IL)-1β were increased by TBI (P < 0.001). The level of intestinal IL-1β was increased in the group treated with E2 (P < 0.001). There was a reduction in serum IL-1β (P < 0.01) and an increase in intestinal IL-1β level (P < 0.001) in the PPT-treated group compared with the vehicle-treated group. TBI reduced serum IL-6 (P < 0.01) and increased intestinal IL-6 (P < 0.001). Serum IL-6 was increased in the group treated with E2 (P < 0.001), P (P < 0.001), E2+P (P < 0.01), and DPN (P < 0.001) after TBI; however, intestinal IL-6 was higher in the E2-treated group compared with the vehicle-treated group (P < 0.01). Intestinal tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was increased by TBI (P < 0.001). Progesterone decreased serum TNF-α (P < 0.01). Intestinal TNF-α in the E2 (P < 0.01), E2+P (P < 0.001), and PPT (P < 0.001) treatment groups was less than in the vehicle-treated group. In conclusion, estrogen influences the intestinal levels of proinflammatory cytokines, in particular TNF-α, mediated through estrogen receptor α.
Cellular glutathione plays a key role in copper uptake mediated by human copper transporter 1
Authors: Maryon Edward B. , Molloy Shannon A. , Kaplan Jack H.
Published: February 2013

Copper is an essential micronutrient. Following entry via the human copper transporter 1 (hCTR1), copper is delivered to several copper chaperones, which subsequently transfer the metal to specific targets via protein:protein interactions. It is has been assumed, but not demonstrated, that chaperones acquire copper directly from hCTR1. However, some reports have pointed to an intermediary role for glutathione (GSH), an abundant copper-binding tri-peptide. To address the issue of how transported copper is acquired by the copper chaperones in vivo, we measured the initial rate of 64Cu uptake in cells in which the cellular levels of copper chaperones or GSH were substantially depleted or elevated. Knockdown or overexpression of copper chaperones ATOX1, CCS, or both had no effect on the initial rate of 64Cu entry into HEK293 cells having endogenous or overexpressed hCTR1. In contrast, depleting cellular GSH using l-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) caused a 50% decrease in the initial rate of 64Cu entry in HEK293 cells and other cell types. This decrease was reversed by washout of BSO or GSH replenishment with a permeable ester. BSO treatment under our experimental conditions had no significant effects on the viability, ATP levels, or metal content of the cells. Attenuated 64Cu uptake in BSO was not due to oxidation of the cysteine in the putative metal-binding motif (HCH) at the intracellular hCTR1 COOH terminus, because a mutant lacking this motif was fully active, and 64Cu uptake was still reduced by BSO treatment. Our data suggest that GSH plays an important role in copper handling at the entry step.
Impact of study design on development and evaluation of an activity-type classifier
Authors: van Hees Vincent T. , Golubic Rajna , Ekelund Ulf , Brage Søren
Published: February 2013

Methods to classify activity types are often evaluated with an experimental protocol involving prescribed physical activities under confined (laboratory) conditions, which may not reflect real-life conditions. The present study aims to evaluate how study design may impact on classifier performance in real life. Twenty-eight healthy participants (21–53 yr) were asked to wear nine triaxial accelerometers while performing 58 activity types selected to simulate activities in real life. For each sensor location, logistic classifiers were trained in subsets of up to 8 activities to distinguish between walking and nonwalking activities and were then evaluated in all 58 activities. Different weighting factors were used to convert the resulting confusion matrices into an estimation of the confusion matrix as would apply in the real-life setting by creating four different real-life scenarios, as well as one traditional laboratory scenario. The sensitivity of a classifier estimated with a traditional laboratory protocol is within the range of estimates derived from real-life scenarios for any body location. The specificity, however, was systematically overestimated by the traditional laboratory scenario. Walking time was systematically overestimated, except for lower back sensor data (range: 7–757%). In conclusion, classifier performance under confined conditions may not accurately reflect classifier performance in real life. Future studies that aim to evaluate activity classification methods are warranted to pay special attention to the representativeness of experimental conditions for real-life conditions.
Therapeutic Decision Making in Acute Stroke due to Carotid Artery Dissection: A Potential Role for Percutaneous Vascular Intervention following Intravenous Thrombolysis
Authors: Lewis J. B. , Merwick Á. , Laoide R. Ó. , O'Hare A. , McGuigan C.
Published: February 2013

Internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) is an important cause of acute ischemic stroke in younger patients. Potential acute treatments include anticoagulation, intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), and endovascular thrombectomy (ET). We report a case where the use of IVT followed by ET resulted in a good clinical outcome in a patient with tandem internal carotid and middle cerebral artery occlusion following ICAD.
Modified Newton's Law of Gravitation due to Minimal Length in Quantum Gravity
Authors: Farag Ali Ahmed , Tawfik A.
Published: February 2013

A recent theory about the origin of the gravity suggests that the gravity is originally an entropic force. In this work, we discuss the effects of generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) which is proposed by some approaches to quantum gravity such as string theory, black hole physics, and doubly special relativity theories (DSR), on the area law of the entropy. This leads to aarea-type correction to the area law of entropy which implies that the number of bitsNis modified. Therefore, we obtain a modified Newton’s law of gravitation. Surprisingly, this modification agrees with different sign with the prediction of Randall-Sundrum II model which contains one uncompactified extra dimension. Furthermore, such modification may have observable consequences at length scales much larger than the Planck scale.
Removal and Recovery of Chromium from Solutions Simulating Tannery Wastewater by Strong Acid Cation Exchanger
Authors: Cetin Gulten , Kocaoba Sevgi , Akcin Goksel
Published: February 2013

The process in this study was conducted on removal of chromium(III) in a solution simulating a typical spent chrome tanning bath by the resin having matrix of styrene‐divinylbenzene‐based macroporous sulphonate, Amberjet 1200Na. The column experiments were carried out with the bed volumes of the resin as 751 mL and 1016 mL for different installation systems of the laboratory‐scale pilot plant. The feeding solutions in the bed volumes of 200 and 190 were used for each installation system. The regeneration behaviour of the resin was determined by using reverse regeneration procedure with the solution of hydrogen peroxide in alkaline. The regeneration kinetics of the exhausted resin was examined with a range of the solutions having different concentration series of the alkaline hydrogen peroxide. The solutions of the basic chromium sulphate were recycled for each installation system following the regeneration cycles. The chromium ions in effluent were quantitatively eluted, and satisfactory removal of chromium(III) and recovery of chromium(VI) were achieved.
Roles of IL-22 in Allergic Airway Inflammation
Authors: Hirose Koichi , Takahashi Kentaro , Nakajima Hiroshi
Published: February 2013

IL-23- and IL-17A-producing CD4+ T cell (Th17 cell) axis plays a crucial role in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. In addition, it has been demonstrated that Th17 cells and their cytokines such as IL-17A and IL-17F are involved in the pathogenesis of severe asthma. Recently, IL-22, an IL-10 family cytokine that is produced by Th17 cells, has been shown to be expressed at the site of allergic airway inflammation and to inhibit allergic inflammation in mice. In addition to Th17 cells, innate lymphoid cells also produce IL-22 in response to allergen challenge. Functional IL-22 receptor complex is expressed on lung epithelial cells, and IL-22 inhibits cytokine and chemokine production from lung epithelial cells. In this paper, we summarize the recent progress on the roles of IL-22 in the regulation of allergic airway inflammation and discuss its therapeutic potential in asthma.
Solving a Class of Singular Two-Point Boundary Value Problems Using New Modified Decomposition Method
Authors: Singh Randhir , Kumar Jitendra
Published: February 2013

We introduce an effective methodology for solving a class of linear as
well as nonlinear singular two-point boundary value problems. This methodology
is based on a modification of Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and a new
two fold integral operator. We use all the boundary conditions to derive an integral
equation before establishing the recursive scheme for the solution components of
solution. Thus, we develop modified recursive scheme without any undetermined
coefficients while computing the successive solution components. This modification
also avoids solving a sequence of nonlinear algebraic or transcendental equations
for the undetermined coefficients. However, most of earlier recursive schemes using
ADM do require computation of undetermined coefficients. The approximate solution is obtained in the form of series with easily calculable components. Numerical
examples are included to demonstrate the accuracy, applicability, and generality
of the present technique. The results reveal that the method is very effective,
straightforward, and simple.
Investigation of Drinking Water Quality in Kosovo
Authors: Berisha Fatlume , Goessler Walter
Published: February 2013

In the recent years, not much environmental monitoring has been conducted in the territory of Kosovo. This study represents the first comprehensive monitoring of the drinking water situation throughout most of the territory of Kosovo. We present the distribution of major and minor trace elements in drinking water samples from Kosovo. During our study we collected 951 samples from four different sources: private-bored wells; naturally flowing artesian water; pumped-drilled wells; and public water sources (tap water). The randomly selected drinking water samples were investigated by routine water analyses using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) for 32 elements (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, Ba, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U). Even though there are set guidelines for elemental exposure in drinking water worldwide, in developing countries, such as Kosovo, the lack of monitoring drinking water continues to be an important health concern. This study reports the concentrations of major and minor elements in the drinking water in Kosovo. Additionally, we show the variation of the metal concentration within different sources. Of the 15 regulated elements, the following five elements: Mn, Fe, Al, Ni, As, and U were the elements which most often exceeded the guidelines set by the EU and/or WHO.
Fully Pipelined Implementation of Tree-Search Algorithms for Vector Precoding
Authors: Barrenechea Maitane , Mendicute Mikel , Arruti Egoitz
Published: February 2013

The nonlinear vector precoding (VP) technique has been proven to achieve close-to-capacity performance in multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink channels. The performance benefit with respect to its linear counterparts stems from the incorporation of a perturbation signal that reduces the power of the precoded signal. The computation of this perturbation element, which is known to belong in the class of NP-hard problems, is the main aspect that hinders the hardware implementation of VP systems. To this respect, several tree-search algorithms have been proposed for the closest-point lattice search problem in VP systems hitherto. Nevertheless, the optimality of these algorithms has been assessed mainly in terms of error-rate performance and computational complexity, leaving the hardware cost of their implementation an open issue. The parallel data-processing capabilities of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) and the loopless nature of the proposed tree-search algorithms have enabled an efficient hardware implementation of a VP system that provides a very high data-processing throughput.
Design of Shaped Beam Planar Arrays of Waveguide Longitudinal Slots
Authors: Casula Giovanni Andrea , Mazzarella Giuseppe , Montisci Giorgio
Published: February 2013

The Elliott’s procedure for the design of a pencil beam waveguide longitudinal slot array has been generalized to encompass the design of shaped beam planar slot arrays. An extended set of design equations, taking into account in an operative way the feeding part of the array, has been devised. From this set of equations, a general and effective design procedure has been set up, shedding light on the constraints posed by a complex aperture distribution. The results of the proposed synthesis procedure have been validated through comparison with a commercial FEM software.
Effects of Sex Steroids on Serum Sclerostin Levels during the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Cidem Muharrem , Usta Taner A. , Karacan Ilhan , Kucuk Suat Hayri , Uludag Murat , Gun Kerem
Published: February 2013

Background/Aims: Previous studies on the effects of estrogen on sclerostin regulation were conducted in postmenopausal women in humans or animals following estrogen treatment or induced estrogen deficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sex hormones on serum sclerostin levels in premenopausal women with normal menstrual cycles. Methods: A prospective observational clinical study. 80 voluntary premenopausal women were recruited for the study. Data from 31 patients were available for the statistical analysis. Serum sclerostin, free estradiol, free testosterone, and progesterone levels were measured during the menstruation, late follicular and mid-luteal phases. The unique protocol IDs were BEAH FTR-4 and NCT01418924 at ClinicalTrials.gov ID. Results: Serum sclerostin values were 1.03 ± 0.58 ng/ml during the menstruation phase, 1.0 ± 0.36 ng/ml during the late follicular phase, and 1.18 ± 0.67 ng/ml during the mid-luteal phase (p = 0.543). There was no significant relationship between serum levels of sex steroids and sclerostin. Conclusions: Previous studies have not investigated the impact of sex hormone fluctuations on serum sclerostin levels during the menstrual cycle. The present study shows that serum sclerostin levels were not affected by sex steroids in premenopausal women with normal menstrual cycles.
Bright Light for Weight Loss: Results of a Controlled Crossover Trial
Authors: Danilenko Konstantin V. , Mustafina Svetlana V. , Pechenkina Ekaterina A.
Published: February 2013

Objective: To investigate whether bright light treatment can reduce body mass in overweight subjects irrespective of their seasonal (= light) dependence. Methods: A crossover, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was performed between November and April in Novosibirsk, Russia (55° N). The trial comprised a 3-week in-home session of morning bright light treatment using a device of light-emitting diodes and a 3-week placebo session by means of a deactivated ion generator, separated by an off-protocol period of at least 23 days. The number of placebo and light sessions was matched with respect to season. Data were obtained from 34 overweight women, aged 20-54 years, 10 were seasonal-dependent according to the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire. Weekly measures included body weight, percentage body fat by bioimpedancemetry, and subjective scores (appetite, mood, energy levels). Results: Motivation and expectation towards weight loss were similar for the two intervention sessions. With light, compared to the placebo session, weight did not reduce significantly, but percentage fat, fat mass, and appetite were significantly lower (average fat reduction 0.35 kg). The latter two results remained significant after excluding seasonal-dependent subjects from the analysis. Irrespective of the type of intervention, seasonal-dependent subjects had greater weight and fat mass changes during treatment (decline p < 0.036) or between sessions (regain p < 0.003). Photoperiod (p = 0.0041), air temperature to a lesser extent (p = 0.012), but not sunshine (p = 0.29) was associated with the weight change (greater weight reduction if the second session was in spring). Conclusion: Morning bright light treatment reduces body fat and appetite in overweight women and may be included in weight control programs.
Fat-Free Mass and Fasting Glucose Values in Patients with and without Statin Therapy Assigned to Age Groups between <60 and >75 Years
Authors: Dzien Alexander , Winner Hannes , Theurl Engelbert , Dzien-Bischinger Christine , Lechleitner Monika
Published: February 2013

Objective: The aging-associated changes in body composition result in an increased cardiometabolic risk. A tremendous reduction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality can be obtained by statin therapy. Statins are well tolerated, with myopathy as the most serious negative side effect. Some recently published studies indicate that the incidence of type 2 diabetes might be increased during intensified statin therapy. The aim of our study was to investigate whether statin therapy has an influence on the aging-associated changes in fat-free mass (FFM). Methods: A total of 3,280 persons attending a medical outdoor center between January 2005 and July 2011 were assigned to 3 age groups from <60 to >75 years. Clinical data, body mass index (BMI), and body composition were evaluated in the different age groups in patients with and without statin therapy. To analyze the impact of statin use on FFM, we regressed a patient's FFM on an interaction term between statin use and age and other control variables. Results: Aging was associated with a decrease in BMI and FFM, while fat mass continuously increased up to the age of >75 years. This was paralleled by a continuous increase in fasting glucose levels in patients with and without statin therapy. The loss of FFM between the age group <60 years and >75 years was more pronounced in statin-treated patients (10.88%) than in non-statin users (8.47%). Creatine phosphokinase values revealed a decrease of 7.77 U/l between the age groups <60 and >75 years in non-statin users and of 14.75 U/l in statin users. Statistical analysis indicated that the effect of statin therapy on FFM is more pronounced in younger than in older patients. Conclusions: Patients under statin therapy seem to be more vulnerable to the aging-associated lowering of FFM. Diagnostic procedures and interventions to prevent a loss of muscle mass might be of particular advantage in elderly patients under statin therapy.
A new species of false spider crab of the genus Elamena H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Hymenosomatidae), from Davao Gulf, Philippines
Authors: HUSANA DANIEL EDISON M. , KASE TOMOKI , MENDOZA JOSE CHRISTOPHER E.
Published: February 2013

A new species of hymenosomatid crab of the genus Elamena H. Milne Edwards, 1837, is described from the island of Samal, in the Davao Gulf, Mindanao, southern Philippines. Elamena samalensis sp. nov. belongs to the Elamena truncata species-group and is most similar to E. simplidenta Ng & Chuang, 1996, in the general form of the carapace and in the presence of only one subdistal tooth on the ambulatory dactyli. It can be distinguished from this species, however, by its more projecting rostrum, relatively longer and more slender ambulatory legs, and by the pointed apex of the female ple-otelson.
Small Artery Elasticity Predicts Future Cardiovascular Events in Chinese Patients With Angiographic Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Wan Zhaofei , Liu Xiaojun , Wang Xinhong , Liu Fuqiang , Liu Weimin , Wu Yue , Pei Leilei , Yuan Zuyi
Published: February 2013

Arterial elasticity has been shown to predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) in apparently healthy populations. The present study aimed to explore whether arterial elasticity could predict CVD events in Chinese patients with angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD). Arterial elasticity of 365 patients with angiographic CAD was measured. During follow-up (48 months; range 6-65), 140 CVD events occurred (including 34 deaths). Univariate Cox analysis demonstrated that both large arterial elasticity and small arterial elasticity were significant predictors of CVD events. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that small arterial elasticity remained significant. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the probability of having a CVD event/CVD death increased with a decrease of small arterial elasticity ( P < .001, respectively). Decreased small arterial elasticity independently predicts the risk of CVD events in Chinese patients with angiographic CAD.
Ranolazine Enhances the Antiarrhythmic Activity of Amiodarone by Accelerating Conversion of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Simopoulos Vassilios , Tagarakis Georgios I. , Daskalopoulou Stella S. , Daskalopoulos Marios E. , Lenos Aristidis , Chryssagis Konstantinos , Skoularingis Ioannis , Molyvdas Paschalis-Adam , Tsilimingas Nikolaos B. , Aidonidis Isaac
Published: February 2013

Ranolazine is a relatively novel antiischemic/antianginal compound with antiarrhythmic properties. We investigated its ability to shorten the time to conversion of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) when added to amiodarone after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. In this prospective, randomized, allocation-concealed, single-blind, single-site clinical trial, we enrolled consecutive eligible patients who developed POAF after elective on-pump CABG surgery. Participants were randomized to receive either ranolazine 375 mg twice daily orally plus intravenous amiodarone (active group) or intravenous amiodarone alone (control group). We enrolled 41 patients; 20 in the active and 21 in the control group. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, procedural duration, extracorporeal circulation time, and aortic cross-clamp time. Mean time of conversion was significantly shorter in the active group (19.9 ± 3.2 vs 37.2 ± 3.9 hours, P < .001), suggesting that compared to amiodarone alone, the ranolazine–amiodarone combination had a superior antiarrhythmic effect against POAF.
Perceptions of Resiliency and Coping
Authors: Thompson Sanna J. , Ryan Tiffany N. , Montgomery Katherine L. , Lippman Angie Del Prado , Bender Kimberly , Ferguson Kristin
Published: February 2013

This study explored the perceptions of resilience and coping among homeless young adults, a focus that differs from previous research by considering the unconventional resilience and coping of this high-risk population. Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with 45 homeless young adults. Individual interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed by coders using an iterative process of content analysis. Findings revealed four primary themes that highlight perceptions of resiliency and coping, including individual strengths, positive life perspective, external social supports, and individual coping strategies. Implications for professionals working with this population suggest that developing and strengthening programs tailored to utilize homeless young adults’ resiliency may be beneficial. Recognizing the strengths and resilience that homeless young adults are capable of, and incorporating a strength-based perspective to empower these young adults, may encourage positive choices and increase the likelihood of transitioning out of homelessness.
The financialisation of urban development: Tax Increment Financing in Newcastle upon Tyne
Authors: Strickland Tom
Published: February 2013

In wake of the global economic crisis, there is a growing pressure on cities to engage in new entrepreneurial strategies for development. Financialised development mechanisms, such as Tax Increment Financing, could enable cities to re-ignite growth and stimulate development. This article highlights the opportunities of engaging in the process of financialisation, as well as the risky nature of financialised funding mechanisms. Using Newcastle upon Tyne as an example, it is argued that the opportunities and risks of adopting Tax Increment Financing vary geographically. The dilemma for policy makers – embrace a high-risk development strategy or become less competitive – is more apparent in underperforming and peripheral urban areas. In response to these geographically uneven tendencies, this article presents some policy recommendations for mitigating risk and maximising Tax Increment Financing's potential for successful urban development.
First episode psychosis patients show impaired cognitive function – a study of a South Asian population in the UK
Authors: Saleem Majid M , Harte Michael K , Marshall Kay M , Scally Andy , Brewin Anita , Neill Jo C
Published: February 2013

Background:

Cognitive deficits are a core symptom of schizophrenia, severely debilitating and untreated by current medication. However, to date there is limited research focusing on the precise nature of the cognitive disturbances at first episode in ethnic populations. Improved understanding of this will allow improved approaches to therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate cognitive function with a first episode of psychosis South Asian patients.

Methods:

Twenty South Asian first episode psychosis patients and 15 healthy South Asian matched controls were recruited. All were second generation South Asian people living in the UK. Subjects who took part in the study completed the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (patient group), the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading and a battery of neuropsychological assessments to assess specific domains of cognition of relevance to Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) (all groups).

Results:

Results show that first episode patients performed significantly worse than controls across all cognitive domains tested using CANTAB. Significant impairments were found in tests of visual and spatial memory, executive function, working memory, spatial planning and attention. Importantly, a number of cognitive performance indices (visual memory, spatial memory, executive function) were positively correlated with the severity of negative symptoms.

Conclusion:

We demonstrate that first episode South Asian patients display significant and specific cognitive deficits with evidence to support an association between negative symptoms and certain cognitive domains at first episode in this patient population.
Fridays Are Furlough Days
Authors: Lee Sooho , Sanders Robert Mark
Published: February 2013

Recently, many state and local governments have implemented furloughs as a major strategy to deal with budget crises. Furloughs are often used as a temporary tool by which organizations try to save costs and at the same time, minimize layoffs. It is little known whether furloughs have the same impact on management as other cutback measures. This study examines furlough issues in public organizations with a more holistic view, from formulation of policy, to implementation, to outcome evaluation. We employed a survey of 273 employees in six state agencies. We found that furloughs have a significant individual impact on job satisfaction, financial burden, workload, and career stability while individual work performance, basically, did not change. However, the impact on an organizational level seemed limited—employees were more likely to view furloughs as “reasonable.”
Factors Associated with Prelacteal Feeding and Timely Initiation of Breastfeeding in Hospital-Delivered Infants in India
Authors: Patel Archana , Banerjee Anita , Kaletwad Amol
Published: February 2013

Background:

Early initiation of breastfeeding continues to remain uncommon in India, and the practice of giving prelacteal feeding is still prevalent.

Objectives:

We determined the rates of timely initiation of breastfeeeding and prelacteal feeding, factors associated with these practices, and the association between the 2.

Methods:

Five hundred women who delivered live infants at a tertiary care hospital in India were included. The study outcomes were timely initiation of breastfeeding and prelacteal feeding. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) of both timely initiation and prelacteal feeding.

Results:

Timely initiation and prelacteal feeding rates were 36.4% and 16.9%, respectively. Factors associated with timely initiation were higher maternal education (adjusted OR 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10, 3.60), counseling on breastfeeding during antenatal visits (adjusted OR 3.60, 95% CI 2.00, 6.20); absence of obstetric problems (adjusted OR 3.48, 95% CI 1.68, 7.23); vaginal deliveries (adjusted OR 37.57, 95% CI 17.40, 81.11); and increasing gestational age of newborn (adjusted OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.00, 1.40). Factors significantly associated with higher rates of prelacteal feeding were lower maternal education (adjusted OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.06, 4.35), Muslim religion (adjusted OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.18, 4.36), and delivery by cesarean section (adjusted OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.56, 4.19). There was a significant association between delayed initiation and prelacteal feeding ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

The rates of timely initiation of breastfeeding were undesirably low, and the practice of prelacteal feeding existed even in tertiary care hospitals. Identifying factors associated with these practices might be a strategy for optimizing timely initiation and discouraging prelacteal feeding in hospital-delivered babies.
‘Admit voluntary, schedule if tries to leave’: placing Mental Health Acts in the context of mental health law and human rights
Authors: Wand Anne , Wand Timothy
Published: February 2013

Objectives:

Most postgraduate training for clinicians in Australia and New Zealand regarding mental health legislation focuses on the relevant Mental Health Acts (MHAs) rather than the broader principles of mental health law. Key concepts include treatment in the least restrictive environment, voluntary access to mental health services, treatability, reciprocity and due process. Lack of awareness of these principles may result in a more risk-averse interpretation of MHAs, which is inconsistent with the spirit of mental health law and the promotion of human rights. The aim of this paper is to present some fundamental principles of mental health law, which are essential to proper clinical application of MHAs, and to demonstrate why they should form part of the curriculum for psychiatry training and continuing professional development for psychiatrists.

Conclusions:

A sound understanding of the principles of mental health law is essential for all clinicians who may be enacting aspects of MHAs. This provides the necessary platform to safeguard human rights and optimise the care of people with a mental illness.
Surviving men’s depression: Women partners’ perspectives
Authors: Bottorff Joan L , Oliffe John L , Kelly Mary T , Johnson Joy L , Carey Joanne
Published: February 2013

While men’s gendered experiences of depression have been described, the perspectives of women partners who are affected by men’s depression have received little attention. Women partners were recruited to explore how men’s depression impacts them and its influence on gender regimes. Individual interviews with 29 women spouses were coded and analysed. Although idealized femininity positions women as endlessly patient and caring, our findings reveal significant challenges in attempting to fulfil these gender ideals in the context of living with a male partner who is experiencing depression. The strain and drain of living with a depressed man was a key element of women’s experiences. Four sub-themes were identified: (1) resisting the emotional caregiver role, (2) shouldering family responsibilities, (3) connecting men to professional care and (4) preserving the feminine self. The findings suggest that men’s depression has great potential to dislocate heterosexual gender regimes, and attention to gender relations should be included to ensure successful care management of men who experience depression.
Perceived restorativeness and walkway lighting in near-home environments
Authors: Nikunen H , Puolakka M , Rantakallio A , Korpela K , Halonen L
Published: February 2013

Attention restoration theory (ART) provides fruitful concepts for the investigation of the role of lighting in psychological and attention restoration. The present field study explores the idea that different outdoor lighting qualities may affect the perceived restorativeness of the night-time environment. It studies the relationships between the four components of ART (being away, fascination, extent and compatibility) and perceived lighting attributes (brightness, distribution, glare, colour quality, feeling of safety and pleasantness). Twenty-nine participants rated three walkway lighting environments and twenty-six participants rated two walkway lighting environments in suburban neighbourhoods. Subjective assessments suggested that lighting may have both positive and negative connections with the components of ART. The possible restorative potential of lighting deserves further research attention.