bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individualisme méthodologique et réductionnisme
Authors: Di Iorio Francesco
Published: March 2020

Cet article analyse les rapports entre individualisme méthodologique (IM) et réductionnisme, tels qu’ils sont traités dans la littérature contemporaine en langue anglaise. Il s’articule autour de trois points clés. Premièrement, il montre qu’il existe deux types d’interprétations réductionnistes de l’IM : celle en termes de réductionnisme psychologique et celle en termes de réductionnisme sémantique, en précisant que cette dernière interprétation présente une variante nominaliste et une variante antinominaliste. Deuxièmement, l’article explique que ces différents types d’interprétations réductionnistes de l’IM sont incorrects. Troisièmement, l’article analyse et critique la thèse selon laquelle il faudrait remplacer l’IM par une nouvelle approche antiréductionniste considérée comme une troisième voie entre holisme et IM.
L’Individualisme méthodologique au défi des critiques de la philosophie analytique récente
Authors: Bouvier Alban
Published: March 2020

La tradition spécifique de l’individualisme méthodologique (IM) instaurée en philosophie après la dernière guerre par Karl Popper est l’objet d’un renouveau considérable sous la forme particulièrement analytique que lui avait donnée, dans les années 1950, un de ses disciples, John Watkins. Mais alors que Watkins entendait présenter une défense de l’IM et une critique du holisme, les auteurs « post-watkinsiens » récents ont, au contraire, lancé une salve nourrie de critiques à l’égard de l’IM, à la faveur de l’émergence parallèle de formes raffinées de néo-holisme. Minutieuse et très argumentée mais trop peu soucieuse des débats effectifs en sciences sociales, cette tradition introduit maintes confusions. Elle semble donc à première vue tout à la fois scolastique et stérile. Son renouveau offre pourtant l’occasion d’affiner les débats au sein même des sciences sociales, si l’on s’avise que l’une des sources possibles des confusions en question réside dans certaines équivoques subsistant chez les représentants mêmes de l’IM. L’auteur de cet article prend pour référence la définition de l’IM donnée en 1909 par Joseph A. Schumpeter – le premier à avoir utilisé l’expression pour caractériser la méthode de son maître Carl Menger, méthode reprise par Max Weber – et suit la filiation proprement schumpetérienne jusqu’à nos jours.
Pourquoi une sociologie compréhensive augmentée ?
Authors: Bronner Gérald
Published: March 2020

Toute sociologie compréhensive est fondée sur le postulat d’une rationalité humaine universelle. Elle convoque généralement la psychologie ordinaire pour fonder ses analyses. Cet article défendra l’idée que ce n’est pas suffisant, en particulier pour approcher le domaine des croyances. La rationalité est en effet limitée de trois façons (dimension, représentation, cognition) qui doivent être convoquées par la méthode compréhensive. Si l’on conçoit la sociologie comme la discipline qui s’intéresse à l’hybridation des variables sociales et des invariants mentaux, alors on pourra considérer que ceux-ci ne ressortent pas seulement de la notion d’intérêt ou de cohérence logique à proprement parler, ils relèvent aussi d’heuristiques partagées.
Vieillir en couple, rôle du conjoint aidant et (non-)recours aux professionnels
Authors: Renaut Sylvie
Published: March 2020

Avec l’allongement de la vie des hommes et des femmes, le vieillissement ordinaire repose plus longtemps sur la vie en couple : en 2015 en France métropolitaine, six personnes sur dix vivent à deux avec leur conjoint après 60 ans à domicile. Croisant deux types d’analyses quantitative et qualitative issues de l’enquête CARE (Capacités, Aides et REssources des seniors), l’article observe la fréquence de l’aide des conjoints, le (non-)recours aux professionnels et la capacité du couple à renforcer ou restreindre la disposition à se faire aider par l’extérieur. Trois fois sur quatre, les personnes vivant à deux en couple, aidées par leur entourage ou un professionnel pour les activités quotidiennes, désignent leur conjoint comme aidant. Au-delà du niveau de dépendance et de l’aide d’autres proches que le conjoint, la demande d’aide professionnelle des femmes est toujours plus fréquente que celle des hommes. Des entretiens semi-directifs auprès de 25 couples permettent d’expliquer le (non-)recours aux professionnels selon quatre logiques impliquant le conjoint aidant : la valorisation de l’entraide dans le couple comme rempart vis-à-vis de l’extérieur, le refus de déléguer des activités assumées par les femmes, le (non-)recours comme enjeu de pouvoir dans les relations de couple conflictuelles et enfin, le recours aux professionnels justifié par l’implication du conjoint aidant.
HOME CONCEPT : repenser la production et la vente de logements
Authors: Cabridain Gilles , Cabridain Marie-Odile
Published: March 2020

Convaincus qu’il est possible de faire mieux et moins cher que les grands promoteurs, Gilles et Marie-Odile Cabridain se sont lancés dans la construction immobilière et sont parvenus à s’y faire une place malgré l’enfer normatif, bureaucratique et règlementaire qui étouffe les nouveaux entrants.
Brut et le vertige de l’information
Authors: Lacroix Guillaume
Published: March 2020

Les vidéos sur les réseaux sociaux sont devenues la première voie d’accès à l’information des milléniaux. Trois acteurs chevronnés des médias traditionnels ont fait le pari de s’imposer sur ce créneau. Ainsi est né Brut, média social doté d’un grand pouvoir de prescription.
Les effets secondaires de la technique. Patients et institutions psychiatriques au temps de l’électrochoc, de la psychochirurgie et des neuroleptiques retard (années 1940-1970)
Authors: Guillemain Hervé
Published: March 2020

Le propos de cet article est de rompre avec une histoire internaliste des thérapies en l’inscrivant au cœur d’une histoire institutionnelle et sociale qui ne passerait sous silence ni les controverses générées par leur avènement, ni les effets secondaires évoqués par les malades. Il montre que, parmi les projets anti-asilaires destinés à fonder une assistance alternative à l’hospitalisation de longue durée, les techniques de cure déployées entre les années 1920 et les années 1970 ont été déterminantes pour les acteurs de cette époque. La diffusion de l’électrochoc, de la psychochirurgie et de la chimiothérapie est le fruit d’un choix politique destiné à transformer radicalement l’institution psychiatrique au xx e siècle. Chacune de ces techniques se diffuse dans un contexte institutionnel et social précis et vient résoudre un problème posé à l’institution par l’avancée de la précédente. Parmi ces problèmes, l’un d’eux est rarement évoqué dans le récit historien, c’est celui de la résistance de certaines catégories de patients à l’application de ces techniques. L’article développe un récit autour de trois pôles : la technique, l’institution, le patient.
La géographie des diplomates : la mondialisation de la diplomatie à l’époque moderne
Authors: Schnakenbourg Éric
Published: March 2020

La connexion des régimes de guerre et de paix entre puissances en Europe et dans le reste du monde est l’un des grands défis de la diplomatie de l’époque moderne. Il commence à être admis à partir du milieu du xvi e siècle que les traités de paix signés en Europe ne s’appliquent pas dans les autres régions du monde. Dès lors, des lignes dites d’amitié établissent une division de l’espace mondial entre une partie régulée par les dispositions du droit des gens, et l’autre qui serait toujours dans une situation incertaine, en permanence entre la guerre et la paix. Au xvii e siècle, l’extension explicite des dispositions des alliances et des traités de paix hors d’Europe marque un changement significatif dans l’exercice d’une diplomatie réellement mondiale. Mais ses modalités d’application demeurent encore à définir. L’une des solutions fut de s’entendre sur un calendrier d’application des traités en fonction de la distance avec l’Europe. Au final, cet article vise à montrer que l’établissement d’une cohérence des régimes de guerre et de paix entre l’Europe et le reste du monde fut un long processus de construction d’un territoire diplomatique global passant, paradoxalement, par la reconnaissance de situations singulières.
Le présentéisme et ses leviers émotionnels comme problématique managériale : une étude par entretiens semi-directifs auprès du personnel soignant
Authors: Berthe Bénédicte , Dumas Marc
Published: March 2020

Comment expliquer que des salariés viennent travailler alors qu’ils sont malades ? L’étude présentée dans cet article porte sur cette forme de présentéisme en se focalisant sur la population du personnel soignant. Sur la base d’une revue de la littérature, nous exposons les différentes définitions du présentéisme ainsi que ses différents motifs. Il ressort que les émotions semblent absentes des modèles explicatifs de ce phénomène. Notre recherche en vient à poser la question du rôle des émotions dans la décision d’être présent du personnel soignant. La méthodologie mobilisée pour y répondre est qualitative, exploratoire et repose sur 45 entretiens semi-dirigés réalisés auprès de personnels soignants répartis dans deux établissements, l’un privé, l’autre public. Les résultats montrent que la culpabilité, essentiellement à l’égard des collègues, et la peur de perdre son emploi pour les contractuels sont deux émotions susceptibles d’influencer la décision de se rendre au travail avec un problème de santé. Concernant notre terrain d’étude, les pratiques de management n’interviennent ni comme source ou amplificateur de ces émotions, ni comme mode de prévention ou de régulation. Au vu des enjeux du présentéisme sur la quantité et la qualité du travail ainsi que sur le bien-être des salariés, nous concluons en formulant, sur la base de nos résultats, plusieurs recommandations managériales.
Decomposition of spectral flow and Bott-type iteration formula
Authors: Hu Xijun , Wu Li
Published: March 2020

Let $ A(t) $ be a continuous path of self-adjoint Fredholm operators, we derive a decomposition formula of spectral flow if the path is invariant under a matrix-like cogredient. As applications, we give the generalized Bott-type iteration formula for linear Hamiltonian systems.
Existence and uniform decay estimates for the fourth order wave equation with nonlinear boundary damping and interior source
Authors: Di Huafei , Shang Yadong , Yu Jiali
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we consider the initial boundary value problem for the fourth order wave equation with nonlinear boundary velocity feedbacks $ f_{1}(u_{\nu{t}}) $, $ f_{2}(u_{t}) $ and internal source $ |u|^{\rho}u $. Under some geometrical conditions, the existence and uniform decay rates of the solutions are proved even if the nonlinear boundary velocity feedbacks $ f_{1}(u_{\nu{t}}) $, $ f_{2}(u_{t}) $ have not polynomial growth near the origin respectively. By the combination of the Galerkin approximation, potential well method and a special basis constructed, we first obtain the global existence and uniqueness of regular solutions and weak solutions. In addition, we also investigate the explicit decay rate estimates of the energy, the ideas of which are based on the construction of a special weight function $ \phi(t) $ (that depends on the behaviors of the functions $ f_{1}(u_{\nu{t}}) $, $ f_{2}(u_{t}) $ near the origin), nonlinear integral inequality and the Multiplier method.
Generalizations of some ordinary and extreme connectedness properties of topological spaces to relator spaces
Authors: Salih Muwafaq , Száz Árpád
Published: March 2020

Motivated by some ordinary and extreme connectedness properties of topologies, we introduce several reasonable connectedness properties of relators (families of relations). Moreover, we establish some intimate connections among these properties.

More concretely, we investigate relationships among various minimalness (well-chainedness), connectedness, hyper- and ultra-connectedness, door, superset, submaximality and resolvability properties of relators.

Since most generalized topologies and all proper stacks (ascending systems) can be derived from preorder relators, the results obtained greatly extends some standard results on topologies. Moreover, they are also closely related to some former results on well-chained and connected uniformities.
On sums of four pentagonal numbers with coefficients
Authors: Krachun Dmitry , Sun Zhi-Wei
Published: March 2020

The pentagonal numbers are the integers given by$ p_5(n) = n(3n-1)/2\ (n = 0,1,2,\ldots) $.Let $ (b,c,d) $ be one of the triples $ (1,1,2),(1,2,3),(1,2,6) $ and $ (2,3,4) $.We show that each $ n = 0,1,2,\ldots $ can be written as $ w+bx+cy+dz $ with $ w,x,y,z $ pentagonal numbers, which was first conjectured by Z.-W. Sun in 2016. In particular, any nonnegative integeris a sum of five pentagonal numbers two of which are equal; this refines a classical resultof Cauchy claimed by Fermat.
Modeling analysis of COVID-19 based on morbidity data in Anhui, China
Authors: Tian Jingjing ,   School of Mathematical Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China, Wu Jiabing , Bao Yunting , Weng Xiaoyu , Shi Lei , Liu Binbin , Yu Xinya , Qi Longxing , Liu Zhirong ,   Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei 230601, China
Published: March 2020

Since the first case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan Hubei, China, was reported in December 2019, COVID-19 has spread rapidly across the country and overseas. The first case in Anhui, a province of China, was reported on January 10, 2020. In the field of infectious diseases, modeling, evaluating and predicting the rate of disease transmission is very important for epidemic prevention and control. Different intervention measures have been implemented starting from different time nodes in the country and Anhui, the epidemic may be divided into three stages for January 10 to February 11, 2020, namely. We adopted interrupted time series method and develop an SEI/QR model to analyse the data. Our results displayed that the lockdown of Wuhan implemented on January 23, 2020 reduced the contact rate of epidemic transmission in Anhui province by 48.37%, and centralized quarantine management policy for close contacts in Anhui reduced the contact rate by an additional 36.97%. At the same time, the estimated basic reproduction number gradually decreased from the initial 2.9764 to 0.8667 and then to 0.5725. We conclude that the Wuhan lockdown and the centralized quarantine management policy in Anhui played a crucial role in the timely and effective mitigation of the epidemic in Anhui. One merit of this work is the adoption of morbidity data which may reflect the epidemic more accurately and promptly. Our estimated parameters are largely in line with the World Health Organization estimates and previous studies.
Antropología e Historia. Por un diálogo interdisciplinar
Authors: Del Pino Díaz Fermín
Published: March 2020

Las relaciones entre la antropología y la historia han estado marcadas por una competencia por establecer sus fronteras, pero también por un reiterado proceso de préstamos mutuos. Entre antropólogos ha surgido una Etnohistoria -más que la historia propia, la que resulta de los documentos ajenos, los europeos generalmente-, y entre historiadores una Antropología histórica --dedicada a las capas sociales minoritarias o a los segmentos de la vida menos conscientes--. Por último, a la hora de hacer su historia, los antropólogos -como otros científicos- han tenido que echar mano de la historiografía profesional para verse mejor, sin tribalismo presentista.
Antropología y Folklore
Authors: Ortiz García Carmen
Published: March 2020

Se intenta una aproximación general a los puntos de confluencia y diferencia que, tanto históricamente como en la actualidad, han caracterizado la relación entre folklore y etnología. En primer lugar se examinan algunas cuestiones conceptuales sobre la definición, contenidos y orígenes de la investigación folklórica. A continuación, se exponen los factores teóricos y metodológicos que han contribuido de forma clara a diferenciar el trabajo folklórico y etnológico, para terminar analizando las líneas abiertas, tanto por los folkloristas como por los antropólogos, que suponen un acercamiento de las dos disciplinas dentro del marco amplio de las ciencias antropológicas, con especial referencia al caso de España.
Nociones sobre el tiempo en dos instituciones escolares de Madrid
Authors: Díaz de Rada Ángel
Published: March 2020

Este artículo investiga los modos en que los alumnos de dos centros escolares de enseñanza media de la ciudad de Madrid sostienen y generan nociones sobre el tiempo. En particular, su objetivo es estudiar las relaciones entre los agentes escolares y la construcción del tiempo como noción socioculturalmente mediada. Para ello se centra en dos series de datos procedentes de ambas instituciones: por una parte, observaciones producidas en el curso de una etnografía más general; por otra parte, un corpus de discurso acerca del tiempo que es sometido a un análisis de contenido.
El rito del trato de compra-venta del pimentón en Murcia
Authors: Flores Arroyuelo Francisco J.
Published: March 2020

Se analiza el ritual de la compra-venta del pimentón en Murcia. Este cultivo, procedente de América, es implantado en el s. XVII por los monjes jerónimos en el poblado de La Ñora, extendiéndose por la huerta del Segura en el s. XVIII y llegando como cultivo tradicional hasta el xx. La demanda masiva hacia Estados Unidos en los años cincuenta alteró, no sólo el sistema de cultivo, sino las complicadas relaciones -como una puesta en escena- entre comprador y vendedor, desde que se iniciaba el trato hasta que quedaba cerrado.
El uso de los ancestros por la aristocracia castellana: el caso de los Ayala
Authors: Beceiro Pita Isabel
Published: March 2020

A finales del siglo XIV, el relato genealógico escrito por Fernán Pérez de Ayala sobre la trayectoria de su propia familia contribuye a elaborar los modelos de ancestros míticos para la aristocracia castellana. Inspirándose libremente en las tradiciones locales, traza como elementos principales del antepasado fundador la procedencia regia, los vínculos con las monarquías de Castilla y Aragón, el papel activo en la ocupación del territorio contra el lslam hispánico y la fama de santidad. En la centuria siguiente, la difusión de este relato por otros genealogistas trae consigo importantes cambios temáticos. Pero ciertos indicios hacen suponer que los descendientes de los Ayala continuaron basándose en el texto original para reivindicar la gloria del linaje.
El presente explica el pasado. Historias y vivencias locales en Ciudad Rodrigo (Salamanca)
Authors: Hernández Sánchez Caridad
Published: March 2020

La historia sirve al presente de diferentes maneras. Las sociedades miran al pasado con diversos objetivos, pero para poder alcanzarlos necesitan siempre su reinterpretación. ¿Que objetivos tienen cuando vuelven su mirada hacia atrás? ¿Por qué esos objetivos? ¿Como reinterpretan la historia para cumplirlos? Estas son las preguntas que hemos intentado responder en nuestro trabajo. Cuando el presente no es halagüeño, ni favorable, y el futuro previsible no parece que vaya a modificar esta imagen, la mirada al pasado se hace necesaria. Si ofrece una imagen más positiva que el presente y el futuro, entonces ese pasado es necesario y se convierte en elemento de satisfacción y fuente de orgullo colectivos.
Understanding Collaboration Between Nurses and Physicians as Knowledge at Work
Authors: Stein-Parbury Jane , Liaschenko Joan
Published: March 2020

Background Collaboration between nurses and physicians is linked to positive outcomes for patients, especially in the intensive care unit. However, effective collaboration poses challenges because of traditional barriers such as sex and class differences, hierarchical organizational structures in health-care, and physicians’ belief that they are the final arbiter of clinical decisions.

Objective To further analyze the results of an investigation on how intensive care unit culture, expressed through everyday practices, affected the care of patients who became confused.

Methods A model of the types of knowledge (case, patient, and person) used in clinical work was used to analyze the breakdown in collaboration detected in the original study.

Results Breakdown of collaboration occurred because of the types of knowledge used by physicians and nurses. Certain types of knowledge were privileged even when not applicable to the clinical problem, whereas other types were dismissed even when applicable.

Conclusion Viewing collaboration through the conceptual lens of knowledge use reveals new insights. Collaboration broke down in the specific context of caring for patients with confusion because the use of case knowledge, rather than patient knowledge, was prominent in the intensive care unit culture.
Animal-Assisted Therapy in Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure
Authors: Cole Kathie M. , Gawlinski Anna , Steers Neil , Kotlerman Jenny
Published: March 2020

Background Animal-assisted therapy improves physiological and psychosocial variables in healthy and hypertensive patients.

Objectives To determine whether a 12-minute hospital visit with a therapy dog improves hemodynamic measures, lowers neurohormone levels, and decreases state anxiety in patients with advanced heart failure.

Methods A 3-group randomized repeated-measures experimental design was used in 76 adults. Longitudinal analysis was used to model differences among the 3 groups at 3 times. One group received a 12-minute visit from a volunteer with a therapy dog; another group, a 12-minute visit from a volunteer; and the control group, usual care. Data were collected at baseline, at 8 minutes, and at 16 minutes.

Results Compared with controls, the volunteer-dog group had significantly greater decreases in systolic pulmonary artery pressure during (−4.32 mm Hg, P = .03) and after (−5.78 mm Hg, P = .001) and in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure during (−2.74 mm Hg, P = .01) and after (−4.31 mm Hg, P = .001) the intervention. Compared with the volunteer-only group, the volunteer-dog group had significantly greater decreases in epinephrine levels during (−15.86 pg/mL, P = .04) and after (−17.54 pg/mL, P = .04) and in norepinephrine levels during (−232.36 pg/mL, P = .02) and after (−240.14 pg/mL, P = .02) the intervention. After the intervention, the volunteer-dog group had the greatest decrease from baseline in state anxiety sum score compared with the volunteer-only (−6.65 units, P =.002) and the control groups (−9.13 units, P < .001).

Conclusions Animal-assisted therapy improves cardiopulmonary pressures, neurohormone levels, and anxiety in patients hospitalized with heart failure.
Adherence to and Efficacy and Safety of an Insulin Protocol in the Critically Ill: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Oeyen Sandra G. , Hoste Eric A. , Roosens Carl D. , Decruyenaere Johan M. , Blot Stijn I.
Published: March 2020

Background Blood glucose control during acute illness has been associated with improved outcomes.

Objectives To evaluate adherence to and efficacy and safety of an insulin protocol for critically ill patients with target blood glucose levels between 81 and 110 mg/dL and to determine factors associated with adequate daily blood glucose control.

Methods In a prospective observational study, blood glucose levels were determined in 30 patients in intensive care units of a tertiary care university hospital during a 2-month period. All glucose measurements and corresponding insulin infusion rates were evaluated for adherence to and efficacy and safety of the insulin protocol. Linear regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with adequate daily blood glucose control, defined as time in the target range.

Results A total of 6016 blood glucose measurements were obtained during 352 protocol implementation days. Adherence to the protocol was 71%. Blood glucose levels were in the desired range 42% of the total protocol implementation time. Sixty percent of the patients experienced at least one hypoglycemic event. Adherence to the protocol (P < .001), high bilirubin level (P < .001), low daily insulin dose (P = .002), and low C-reactive protein level (P = .048) were independently associated with adequate daily blood glucose control.

Conclusions Protocol adherence was positively associated with daily time in the target range, but efficacy during the total protocol implementation time remained poor. Because of the frequency of hypoglycemia, protocols to maintain blood glucose levels between 81 and 110 mg/dL in critically ill patients may not be recommended.
The Bile Acid Receptor GPBAR1 Modulates CCL2/CCR2 Signaling at the Liver Sinusoidal/Macrophage Interface and Reverses Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Toxicity
Authors: Biagioli Michele , Carino Adriana , Fiorucci Chiara , Marchianò Silvia , Di Giorgio Cristina , Bordoni Martina , Roselli Rosalinda , Baldoni Monia , Distrutti Eleonora , Zampella Angela , Fiorucci Stefano
Published: March 2020

Drug-induced liver injury caused by acetaminophen (acetyl-para-aminophenol [APAP]) is the main cause of acute liver failure and liver transplantation in several Western countries. Whereas direct toxicity exerted by APAP metabolites is a key determinant for early hepatocytes injury, the recruitment of cells of innate immunity exerts a mechanistic role in disease progression, determining the clinical outcomes. GPBAR1 is a G protein–coupled receptor for secondary bile acids placed at the interface between liver sinusoidal cells and innate immunity. In this report, using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrate that whereas Gpbar1 gene deletion worsens the severity of liver injury, its pharmacological activation by 6β-ethyl-3a,7b-dihydroxy-5b-cholan-24-ol rescues mice from liver injury caused by APAP. This protective effect was supported by a robust attenuation of liver recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages and their repolarization toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Macrophage depletion by gadolinium chloride pretreatment abrogated disease development, whereas their reconstitution by spleen-derived macrophage transplantation restored the sensitivity to APAP in a GPBAR1-dependent manner. RNA sequencing analyses demonstrated that GPBAR1 agonism modulated the expression of multiple pathways, including the chemokine CCL2 and its receptor, CCR2. Treating wild-type mice with an anti-CCL2 mAb attenuated the severity of liver injury. We demonstrated that negative regulation of CCL2 production by GPBAR1 agonism was promoter dependent and involved FOXO1. In conclusion, we have shown that GPBAR1 is an upstream modulator of CCL2/CCR2 axis at the sinusoidal cell/macrophage interface, providing a novel target in the treatment of liver damage caused by APAP.
STRATEGIE INNOVATIVE PER IL CONTROLLO DI ZANZARE, VETTORI DI ORGANISMI PATOGENI
Authors: Gasperi Giuliano
Published: March 2020

Mosquitoes are the most dangerous insect species being the vectors of the pathogens causing the most widespread diseases as Malaria, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, West Nile fever, Yellow fever, Zika. Several species of the Anopheles, Aedes and Culex are responsable for millions of human infections causing hundreds of thousands of deaths per year. This causes dramatic socio-economic and health consequences, especially in developing countries. Harmful insects are controlled using chemical insecticides which cause insecticide resistance and environmental pollution, due to long term use. In the second half of the 20th century, new insect environmentally safe control stategies were been developed, based on the insectâ€™s reproductive behaviour. Notably, the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) has been successfully applied against some dipteran pest species in several regions of the World. It drived several research efforts to increase our knowledge of the biology of the harmful species. SIT improvements have been also achieved with several molecular biology approaches and transgene technologies such as the innovative RIDL, cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) and gene drive.
Effect of dexmedetomidine on dynamic cerebral autoregulation and carbon dioxide reactivity during sevoflurane anesthesia in healthy patients
Authors: Banik Sujoy , Rath Girija Prasad , Lamsal Ritesh , Bithal Parmod K
Published: March 2020

Background: There are conflicting opinions on the effect of dexmedetomidine on cerebral autoregulation. This study assessed its effect on dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) using a transcranial Doppler (TCD).Methods: Thirty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II patients between 18 and 60 years, who underwent lumbar spine surgery, received infusions of dexmedetomidine (Group D) or normal saline (Group C), followed by anesthesia with propofol and fentanyl, and maintenance with oxygen, nitrous oxide and sevoflurane. After five minutes of normocapnic ventilation and stable bispectral index value (BIS) of 40-50, the right middle cerebral artery flow velocity (MCAFV) was recorded with TCD. The transient hyperemic response (THR) test was performed by compressing the right common carotid artery for 5-7 seconds. The lungs were hyperventilated to test carbon dioxide (CO2) reactivity. Hemodynamic parameters, arterial CO2 tension, pulse oximetry (SpO2), MCAFV and BIS were measured before and after hyperventilation. Dexmedetomidine infusion was discontinued ten minutes before skin-closure. Time to recovery and extubation, modified Aldrete score, and emergence agitation were recorded. Results: Demographic parameters, durations of surgery and anesthesia, THR ratio (Group D: 1.26 ± 0.11 vs. Group C: 1.23 ± 0.04; P = 0.357), relative CO2 reactivity (Group D: 1.19 ± 0.34 %/mmHg vs. Group C: 1.23 ± 0.25 %/mmHg; P = 0.547), blood pressure, SpO2, BIS, MCAFV, time to recovery, time to extubation and modified Aldrete scores were comparable. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine administration does not impair dCA and CO2 reactivity in patients undergoing spine surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia.
Emergence agitation: current knowledge and unresolved questions
Authors: Lee Seok-Jin , Sung Tae-Yun
Published: March 2020

Emergence agitation (EA), also referred to as emergence delirium, can have clinically significant consequences. The mechanism of EA remains unclear. The proposed risk factors of EA include age, male sex, type of surgery, emergency operation, use of inhalational anesthetics with low blood–gas partition coefficients, long duration of surgery, anticholinergics, premedication with benzodiazepines, voiding urgency, postoperative pain, and the presence of invasive devices. If preoperative or intraoperative objective monitoring could predict the occurrence of agitation during emergence, this would help to reduce its adverse consequences. Several tools are available for assessing EA.However, there are no standardized clinical research practice guidelines and its incidence varies considerably with the assessment tool or definition used. Total intravenous anesthesia, propofol, μ-opioid agonists, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, nefopam, α2-adrenoreceptor agonists, regional analgesia, multimodal analgesia, parent-present induction, and preoperative education for surgery may help in preventing of EA. However, it is difficult to identify patients at high risk and apply preventive measures in various clinical situations.The risk factors and outcomes of preventive strategies vary with the methodologies of studies and patients assessed.This review discusses important outcomes of research on EA and directions for future research.
О граничном поведении открытых дискретных отображений на римановых многообразиях. II
Authors: Ilyutko Denis Petrovich , Sevost'yanov Evgenii Aleksandrovich
Published: March 2020

Изучается граничное поведение классов кольцевых отображений на римановых многообразиях, являющихся обобщением квазиконформных отображений по Герингу. В терминах простых концов регулярных областей получены теоремы об их непрерывном продолжении на границу области. В этих же терминах доказаны утверждения о равностепенной непрерывности указанных классов в замыкании заданной области.
Библиография: 45 названий.
В опубликованной печатной версии статьи по техническим причинам в названии статьи пропущена цифра II.
Miconia bahiana (Melastomataceae, Miconieae), a new species from semideciduous forest in Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Goldenberg Renato , De Jesus Jôane Coelho , Amorim André M.
Published: March 2020

Background – Recent collection efforts in semideciduous forests from Bahia, Brazil, provided material that belongs to a species of Miconia (Melastomataceae) not yet described scientifically. Here, we describe this new species and compare it to four species in the “Miconia discolor group” that share morphological similarities. We also provide illustrations, photographs, a distribution map and conservation assessment for the new species.Methods – This study was based on specimens from several herbaria and field collections, which resulted in photographs and ethanol-preserved material, as well as information about the environment where the plants were found. The conservation assessment is based on field observations and spatial analyses (i.e., extent of occurrence, area of occupancy), following IUCN guidelines and criteria.Results – Miconia bahiana has been collected ten times in four localities since 2001, ranging from 800 to 1041 m elevation. The species resembles a group of species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (M. capixaba R.Goldenb., M. cubatanensis Hoehne and M. setosociliata Cogn.), all of them with abaxial leaf surfaces densely (seldom moderately) covered with branched trichomes, inflorescences with paraclades with a first dichasial branching, then uniparous (scorpioid) branchings, and white, glabrous stamens lacking appendages or with dorsal ones, the anthers with a moderate to large pore. It differs from the above cited species by the rounded to subcordate leaf bases, and the persistent calyx with a truncate inner membrane, lacking well-defined lobes. This new species is described, illustrated, and compared with the species mentioned above. According to IUCN guidelines and criteria, we recommend to assess M. bahiana as Endangered (EN).
Notes on Tricalysia elmar sp. nov. (Rubiaceae, Coffeeae), and cloud forest of the Cameroon Highlands
Authors: Cheek Martin , Causon Isla , Tchiengue Barthelemy , House Eden
Published: March 2020

Background and aims – This paper reports a further discovery in the context of a long-term botanical survey in the Cross River-Sanaga interval of west-central Africa, focussing on species discovery and conservation.Methods – Normal practices of herbarium taxonomy have been applied to study the material collected. The relevant collections are stored in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London and at the Institute of Research in Agronomic Development – National Herbarium of Cameroon. Key results – Species new to science recently discovered from the cloud (submontane) forests of the Cameroon Highlands in Cameroon are reviewed. Most of these species are rare, highly localised, and threatened by habitat destruction. These discoveries increase the justification for improved conservation management of surviving habitat. Tricalysia elmar Cheek (Coffeeae-Rubiaceae) is described as an additional cloud forest species new to science. Its taxonomic position is discussed, and it is compared with similar species of the genus. Restricted so far to four locations, Mt Kupe, Bali Ngemba, Lebialem and Nta Ali, its conservation status is assessed as Endangered (EN B1+2ab(iii)) according to the 2012 criteria of IUCN.
Application of 16S rRNA Gene-Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing for Bacterial Pathogen Detection in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Peritonitis
Authors: Kim Young Ah , Kang Ea Wha , Moon Hye Su , Kim Daewon , Yong Dongeun
Published: March 2020

Background: 16S rRNA gene-targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) can detect microorganisms in a comprehensive reference database. To date, NGS has been successfully applied to samples such as urine, blood, and synovial fluid. However, there is no data for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) fluid. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of microbiome analysis of CAPD fluids for the diagnosis of CAPD peritonitis. Methods: We included 21 patients with high suspicion of CAPD peritonitis. Routine CAPD fluid culture was performed using a pellet of 50 mL CAPD fluid onto the chocolate and blood agar for two days, and thioglycollate broth for one week. 16S rRNA gene-targeted NGS of pellets, stored at -70°C was performed with MiSeq (Illumina, USA). Results: Many colonized or pathogenic bacteria were detected from CAPD fluids using NGS and the microbiomes were composed of 1 to 29 genera with a cut-off 1.0. Compared to the culture results, NGS detected the same pathogens in 6 of 18 valid results (three samples failed with low read count). Additionally, using NGS, anaerobes such as Bacteroides spp. and Prevotella spp. were detected in six patients. In two of five samples in which no bacterial growth was detected, possible pathogens were detected by NGS. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report about the application of 16S rRNA genetargeted NGS for diagnosis of CAPD peritonitis. Etiology of culture-negative CAPD peritonitis can be better defined in NGS. Furthermore, it also helped the detection of anaerobic bacteria.
Season and Temperature Effects on Bloodstream Infection Incidence in a Korean Tertiary Referral Hospital
Authors: Sohn Young Suk , Byun Jung-Hyun , Kim Young Ah , Shin Dong Chun , Lee Kyungwon
Published: March 2020

Background: The weather has well-documented effects on infectious disease and reports suggest that summer peaks in the incidences of gram-negative bacterial infections among hospitalized patients. We evaluated how season and temperature changes affect bloodstream infection (BSI) incidences of major pathogens to understand BSI trends with an emphasis on acquisition sites. Methods: Incidence rates of BSIs by Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were retrospectively analyzed from blood cultures during 2008–2016 at a university hospital in Seoul, Korea according to the acquisition sites. Warm months (June–September) had an average temperature of ≥20 °C and cold months (December–February) had an average temperature of ≤5 °C. Results: We analyzed 18,047 cases, where 43% were with community-onset BSI. E. coli (N = 5,365) was the most common pathogen, followed by Enterococcus spp. (N = 3,980), S. aureus (N = 3,075), K. pneumoniae (N = 3,043), Acinetobacter spp. (N = 1,657), and P. aeruginosa (N = 927). The incidence of hospital-acquired BSI by Enterococcus spp. was weakly correlated with temperature, and the median incidence was higher during cold months. The incidence of community-onset BSI by E. coli was higher in warm months and was weakly correlated with temperature. Conclusion: We found seasonal or temperature-associated variation in some species-associated BSIs. This could be a useful information for enhancing infection control and public health policies by taking season or climate into consideration.
Role of Efflux Pump Gene adeIJK to Multidrug Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates
Authors: Choi Ji Ae , Kim Choon-Mee , Jang Sook-Jin , Cho Seong-Sik , Jang Chul Ho , Ko Young-Jin , Kang Seong-Ho , Park Geon
Published: March 2020

Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii as a nosocomial pathogen is one of the major public health problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of an efflux pump gene adeJ for the multidrug resistance of A. baumannii clinical isolates. Methods: Two groups (MDRAB and SAB) of A. baumannii clinical isolates were studied. The SAB group consisted of strains that did not meet the criteria of MDRAB and were susceptible to more categories of antibiotics than MDRAB. Antimicrobial susceptibility results obtained by VITEKⅡ system were used in data analysis and bacterial group allocation. We performed real-time reverse transcription PCR to determine relative expression of adeJ. We compared relative expression of adeJ in comparison groups by considering two viewpoints: i) MDRAB and SAB groups and ii) susceptible and non-susceptible groups for each antibiotic used in this study. Results: The mean value of relative expression of adeJ of MDRAB and SAB groups was 1.4 and 0.92, respectively, and showed significant difference (P=0.002). The mean values of relative expression of adeJ of susceptible and non-susceptible groups to the antibiotics cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, tigecycline, piperacillin/tazobactam, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, piperacillin, and gentamicin showed statistically significant differences. Conclusion: The overexpression of adeIJK might contribute to the multi-drug resistance in A. baumannii clinical isolates. Further, the overexpression of adeIJK might be one of the factors contributing to the resistance to numerous antibiotics.
Statistical analysis of ice microphysical properties in tropical mesoscale convective systems derived from cloud radar and in situ microphysical observations
Authors: Fontaine Emmanuel , Schwarzenboeck Alfons , Leroy Delphine , Delanoë Julien , Protat Alain , Dezitter Fabien , Strapp John Walter , Lilie Lyle Edward
Published: March 2020

Abstract. This study presents a statistical analysis of the properties of ice hydrometeors in tropical
mesoscale convective systems observed during four different aircraft campaigns. Among the
instruments on board the aircraft, we focus on the synergy of a 94 GHz cloud radar and
two optical array probes (OAP; measuring hydrometeor sizes from 10 µm to about
1 cm). For two campaigns, an accurate simultaneous measurement of the ice water content is
available, while for the two others, ice water content is retrieved from the synergy of the radar
reflectivity measurements and hydrometeor size and morphological retrievals from OAP probes. The
statistics of ice hydrometeor properties are calculated as a function of radar reflectivity factor
measurement percentiles and temperature. Hence, mesoscale convective systems (MCS) microphysical
properties (ice water content, visible extinction, mass–size relationship coefficients, total
concentrations, and second and third moments of hydrometeor size distribution) are sorted in
temperature (and thus altitude) zones, and each individual campaign is subsequently analyzed with
respect to median microphysical properties of the merged dataset (merging all four campaign
datasets). The study demonstrates that ice water content (IWC), visible extinction, total crystal
concentration, and the second and third moments of hydrometeor size distributions are similar in all
four types of MCS for IWC larger than 0.1 g m−3. Finally, two parameterizations are
developed for deep convective systems. The first concerns the calculation of the visible
extinction as a function of temperature and ice water content. The second concerns the
calculation of hydrometeor size distributions as a function of ice water content and temperature
that can be used in numerical weather prediction.
Do large-scale wind farms affect air quality forecast? Modeling evidence in Northern China
Authors: Li Si , Huang Tao , Mo Jingyue , Li Jixiang , Zhang Xiaodong , Du Jiao , Tao Shu , Liu Junfeng , Jiang Wanyanhan , Lian Lulu , Gao Hong , Mao Xiaoxuan , Zhao Yuan , Ma Jianmin
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Wind farms have been found to alter local and regional meteorology and climate. Here, we show that multiple large-scale wind farms might disturb air quality forecasts and affect PM2.5 air pollution. We explore the impact of large-scale wind farms on PM2.5 concentrations and forecasts in the Northern China Plain in winter and summer using a coupled weather forecast – atmospheric chemistry model (WRF-Chem). Modelling results reveal that the large-scale wind farms decrease PM2.5 levels within the wind farms and increase PM2.5 concentrations by 49 % and 16 % of the modelled monthly mean PM2.5 concentrations in proximate areas and regions hundreds of kilometres downstream. The wind farm-forced changes in PM2.5 are more evident in the simulated hourly PM2.5 concentrations. The model sensitivity studies reveal that hourly concentration fractions in winter induced by wind farms vary from −40 % to 250 % in nearby and distant downstream regions and metropolises, comparing with the cases without the wind farms. The impact of wind farms on modeled PM2.5 during the nighttime is stronger than that in the daytime. Our results suggested that the wind farm perturbed changes in PM2.5 should not be overlooked because such changes might affect air quality forecast on an hourly basis, particularly in heavily contaminated Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region by PM2.5.
Quantifying Bioaerosol Concentrations in Dust Clouds through Online UV-LIF and Mass Spectrometry Measurements at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory
Authors: Morrison Douglas , Crawford Ian , Marsden Nicholas , Flynn Michael , Read Katie , Neves Luis , Foot Virginia , Kaye Paul , Stanley Warren , Coe Hugh , Topping David , Gallagher Martin
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Observations of the long-range transport of biological particles in the tropics via dust vectors are now seen as fundamental to the understanding of many global atmosphere-oceanic biogeochemical cycles, changes in air quality, human health, ecosystem impacts, and climate. However, there is a lack of long-term measurements quantifying their presence in such conditions. Here we present annual observations of bioaerosol concentrations based on online ultraviolet light induced fluorescence (UV-LIF) spectrometry from the global WMO/Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) observatory on Sao Vicente Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory. We observe the expected strong seasonal changes in absolute concentrations of bioaerosols with significant enhancements during winter due to the strong island inflow of airmass, originating from the African continent. Monthly median bioaerosol concentrations as high as 45 L−1 were found with 95th percentile values exceeding 130 L−1 during strong dust events. However, in contrast the relative fraction of bioaerosol numbers compared to total dust number concentration shows little seasonal variation. Mean bioaerosol contributions accounted for 0.4 ± 0.2 % of total coarse aerosol concentrations, only rarely exceeding 1 % during particularly strong events under appropriate conditions. Although enhancements in the median bioaerosol fraction do occur in winter, they also occur at other times of the year, likely due to the enhanced Aeolian activity driving dust events at this time from different sources. We hypothesise that this indicates the relative contribution of bioaerosol material in dust transported across the tropical Atlantic throughout the year is relatively uniform, comprised mainly of mixtures of dust and bacteria and/or bacterial fragments. We argue that this hypothesis is supported from analysis of measurements also at Cape Verde just prior to the long-term monitoring experiment where UV-LIF single particle measurements were compared with Laser Ablation Aerosol Particle Time of Flight mass spectrometer (LAAP-ToF) measurements. These clearly show a very high correlation between particles with mixed bio-silicate mass spectral signatures and UV-LIF bio-fluorescent signatures suggesting the bioaerosol concentrations are dominated by these mixtures. These observations should assist with constraining bioaerosol concentrations for tropical Global Climate Model (GCM) simulations. Note here we use the term “bioaerosol” to include mixtures of dust and bacterial material.