bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis for Sediment Deposition and Erosion in Key Sections of River Reach in Chongqing City during the Natural Evolution
Authors: Liu Xiao Bin , Xu Hai Tao
Published: October 2012

The river reach in the center of Chongqing City lied in the fluctuant backwater of the Three Gorges Reservoir, and it was also the junction reach of the Jialing River to the Yangtze River. It’s flow conditions and sediment movement was very complex. In the Three Gorges Reservoir 175m experimental operation period, the inherent laws of flow and sediment transport of river reach was changing under reservoir regulation. Prototype measured data for 20 years was analyzed at Jiulongpo, Zhuerqi, Jinshaqi and Cuntan sections. The results show that the association with the local flow were strong for the average sedimentation intensity in Flood season and the average erosion intensity later Flood season at the four sections. Different sediment erosion and deposition intensity corresponding to the flow was presented. According to the curve of discharge and cross-section mean velocity at Cuntan hydrologic section, the cross-section mean velocity corresponding to each flow is determined. On this basis, Sediment erosion and deposition change of river reach is analyzed at Three Gorges Project 175m operation periods.
A Simple and Effective Prediction Model of Saline Intrusion in the Modaomen Estuary, the Pearl River Delta, China
Authors: Zhu Yu Liang , Yan Xiao Lu , Lin Xiao Yu
Published: October 2012

Saline intrusion is important for ecological reasons as well as water extraction purposes in estuaries. The distance of saline intrusion depends on a number of factors, including river discharge, tidal and wind mixing and gravitational circulation. In this paper, a simple and effective prediction model is derived for the saline intrusion at high slack water in a well mixed, funnel-shaped estuary whose cross-sectional area decreases exponentially (with convergence length a) with distance, x, inland. The model study shows that a graph of salinity against exp (x/a-1) is a straight line, with the slope proportional to the mixing coefficient Dx. The prediction model is presented and validated in Modaomen estuary, one of estuaries of Pearl River Delta in south China and the model results are compared, with good agreement, to the measured data. By analyzing the relationship between the salt intrusion length and tidal range, it is concluded that the optimal time of increasing runoff discharge to prevent saline intrusion is 2 to 3 days before neap tide.
The Correlation of Dynamic Cone Penetration Blow Count of Wind Carried Sand vs. Surface Wave Velocity in West Bank of Qinghai Lake
Authors: Liu Jian Kun , Fang Jian Hong , Hou Yong Feng , Xiao Jun Hua
Published: October 2012

Based on a test of wind carried sand roadbed in the west bank of Qinghai Lake, Rayleigh wave method is introduced to measure roadbed compactness of the specific soil in China, and analysis is conducted to find correlation of Rayleigh wave velocity (VR) vs. the blow count (N10) of dynamic cone penetration, then a regression formula is presented.
Quantificational Method for Analyzing the Formation of Fluid Mud on Muddy Coast
Authors: Tang Lei , Zhang Wei , Xie Ming Xiao , Yu Zhen , Yang Fan
Published: October 2012

In the present paper, the definition of fluid mud was reviewed in detail. The difference of fluid mud and sediment-induced density current were also discussed from several aspects, including physical characteristic, forming process and conditions. As far as the formation condition of fluid mud concerned, there are three key factors which are “weak hydrodynamic condition, high sedi-ment concentration, and obvious negative terrain”. Similarly, also three factors are very important for the formation condition of density current, which are “little velocity, large density difference and deep water depth”. Obviously, there exists a one-to-one relationship between formation conditions of fluid mud and those of density current. Thus a quantitative method for analyzing the formation condition of fluid mud was established reasonably by means of the formula describing sediment-induced density current. Consequentially the critical sediment concentration for fluid mud formation can be estimated by using the method. And the navigation channel of Lianyungang harbor in Jiangsu Province, China, was taken into account as a case study. The results show that the formation condition of fluid mud will be more easily satisfied with the increase of the approach channel depth in Lianyungang Harbor. The method and main conclusions can be used as reference for similar harbor project in muddy coast regions.
Study on Calculation Methods of Agricultural Water Supply Cost in the Plain Irrigation Area of the Yellow River
Authors: Guo Rui , Cao Sheng Le
Published: October 2012

Scientific and reasonable water price is the foundation of beneficial operation of water supply project, and water pricing is on the basis of per cubic meter water supply cost. According to characteristics of water supply project in the plain irrigation area of the Yellow River, a research on calculation methods of agricultural water supply cost is made. Calculation formulas of project lines are put forward and an example was given.
Evaluating the Characteristics of Hydraulic Driven Non-Point Source Pollution Loss in Agricultural Watershed
Authors: Xiang Long , Yu Zhong Bo , Chen Li , He Jia Ji , Chen Cheng , Fu Xiao Lei
Published: October 2012

Non-point source (NPS) pollution is one of the major pollution sources in agricultural watershed, and the NPS pollution is the governing factor for polluting surface water. In this paper, series of hydrologic response units were set in various land-use plots to observe the runoff yields and NPS pollution yields from 2008 to 2010. The rainfall and fertilization were recorded in various types of land-use. Based on the long-term observation data, the characteristics of flow yield and critical precipitation intensities for generating runoff were quantified, and the hydraulic driven NPS pollutions (TN, TP) were analyzed temporally and spatially. The results show the flow yield is positive to total amount and intensity of precipitation and hillslope, but negative to vegetation canopy and Tillage intensity. Based on surface hydraulic conditions, the NPS pollution yield on various lands are calculated statistically. The seasonal fluctuations of NPS pollution yield rates are strongly related to flow production and human artificial fertilization. This work will enhance the understanding of NPS loss in agricultural watersheds.
River System Connectivity Analysis of Wuxi’s Central Urban Area Based on Graph Theory
Authors: Wang Liu Yan , Xu You Peng , Yu Ming Jing
Published: October 2012

Wuxi City is located in the hinterland of Taihu Basin and an important city in Yangtze River Delta Region with a prosperous economy. In the process of urban development, the river system pattern changes a lot. It has an impact on water environment, water ecology and other fields. The central urban area of Wuxi City was selected as the study area. Based on the river system of three periods: 1960s, 1980s and 2009, the rivers were classified into three levels according to the width of channels. The length, acreage and stream structure parameters were calculated. Then from the view of Graph Theory, river system was expressed as network graph, and the vertices, edges and degree of vertices were analyzed. The results show that the changes of rivers of different levels and lakes are not completely the same, but still appear a decreasing trend in general. The river network density and water surface ratio become smaller. Also the complexity and structure stability of river network weaken. The conclusions that the river evolution tends to be trunk and single, the stream structure is simplified and the connectivity of rivers and lakes reduces are verified by the analysis based on Graph Theory as well.
Practice of Floodwater Resources Utilization for the Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Xie Yong Yu , Zheng Jing , Huang Yuan Yang
Published: October 2012

Although there are frequent floods, the need of utilizing the flood-water resource in Yangtze River is becoming increasingly intense. Following the concept of ensuring health Yangtze River and promoting harmony between people and water, the Three Gorges Reservoir is practiced as an example for utilization of floodwater resource based on accurate hydrological forecast and moderately taking the flood control risks.
Practice and Study of the Effect of One-Household-One-Meter Conversion on NRW
Authors: Lei Xiao Ling , Li Li , Wang Hai Yan , Fang Xiao Tao , Huang Yuan Yuan
Published: October 2012

In order to test the effect on NRW(None Revenue Water) of one-household-one-meter conversion, find out key factors to influence the water supply efficiency and propose ways to reduce the rate of NRW, this article was based on the current practical engineering situation in Chongqing, China, by selecting 5 representative controlled fields for a six-month testing period. It shows that: different installation qualities of one-household-one-meter act different influences on NRW. The individual customer’s domestic water can be measured effectively by installing the drip-proof valve. The rate of NRW can be decreased at the beginning in the fields with “drip-proof valve + meter”. Water supply efficiency rate of the fields with “meter only” keep stable during 6 months, and meanwhile the fields with “drip-proof valve + meter” decrease over time. The function of drip-proof valve is found to stop at 147 days after installation due to the rust and sand getting into the valve. “Drip-proof valve + meter” is a practical and effective one-household-one-meter conversion method. Relevant standard atlas is recommended to be developed and implemented timely. Maintenance of pipeline and guarantee of water quality in pipeline are very important to keep the contribution of “drip-proof valve + meter” on NRW.
Research on Inverse Transient Leakage Location of Water Supply Network Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Fei Jian Gang , Dong Shen , Lv Mou , Sheng Ze Bin
Published: October 2012

In order to realize real-time leakage (online) diagnosis, through correlation analysis of the network leakage and pressure variation, using the established microscopic model as the basic hydraulic analysis model, using the position of the network leakage point and the water of leakage point as the variables, using minimizing difference of the network pressure points monitoring value and simulation value as the target when leakage occurs, establish inverse transient leakage location of water supply network model based on genetic algorithm. Finally through the two modes of leakage verification, the result shows that this model can effectively achieve the network leakage location and quantitative.
Experimental Research and Optimal Design of the Drainage System in a Tailing Pond
Authors: Miao Yun
Published: October 2012

In order to analyse the feasibility of the original design of a drainage system in a tailing pond under design conditions, hydraulic model experiment should be conducted for discharge security according to the standard. This paper mainly discusses the optimal design for the drainage well and drainage tunnel in the drainage system. As aerification is rather severe in the drainage well, paroxysmal jet flow phenomenon appears at the well outlet flume section. To alleviate this situation, a stream-stabilized slope board, flow-diverted board, larger energy dissipation space and other more measures are needed to improve the flow state and increase the spilling capacity of the drainage well until it can satisfy the design requirement.
Investigation of Drainage Ditch of the Plain Reservoir
Authors: Wen Xin Li , Guo Xue Mang
Published: October 2012

The drainage ditch is important for the plain reservoir, the water table in the dam foundation outside the enclosed dam can be lowered by the ditch, and some leakage water can be pumped from the ditch return to the reservoir. So the design of the drainage ditch is the key to the plain reservoir. The finite element method is used to investigate the effects of the position, width, depth and the relief well of the ditch on the drainage effects. The results show the drainage flow is proportional to the depth of the drainage ditch, and is inversely proportional to the distance between the ditch and dam, and the relief well can increase the drainage flow and lower the grounder water table.
Flood Control Impact Assessment for Gas Station Construction Projects
Authors: Yang Wen Hai , Yu Guo Hui , Liu Tao
Published: October 2012

With the actual engineering as an example, the content and method of flood impact assessment in the river management of gas station construction project within the scope of river management was discussed in this paper. Construction project to review the job has certain referenced effect, so that the flood control evaluation can reflect the effect of the construction project on flood control, in order to take measures to ensure the safety of river flood.
Study on Characteristics and Risk Indicators of Agricultural Drought in Northwestern Liaoning Province, China
Authors: Sun Tao , Fu Jun E , Chai Fu Xin
Published: October 2012

Agricultural droughts occur frequently and cause severe losses in Liaoning province, especially in northwestern region where drought could happen 9 times during 10 years averagely. Drought characteristics are studied and drought situation is analyzed in northwestern Liaoning. Risk analysis method and research route of index frame are put forward so as to supply scientific evidences for drought relief and drought evaluation as well as take some measures to prevent drought.
Analysis of Sediment Distribution in a Typical Irrigation District Along the Lower Yellow River
Authors: Ma Liang , Sui Long
Published: October 2012

Sediment diverted from the Lower Yellow River is crucial for irrigation district sustainable development. As a complex problem, spatial distribution of sediment in district is related with natural geographical environment, incoming water amount and sediment concentration, methods of treatment, engineering facilities. Analysis of sediment distribution is the precondition for sediment utilization, transportation and treatment. As Bojili irrigation district for example, the paper analyzed sediment siltation characteristics in desilting branch, main canal, branch canal and field ditch with long term observed data from 1985 to 2009. Proportions of sediment siltation in different parts of irrigation system were calculated and difference of seasonal siltation in desilting branch was discussed. Besides, the paper proposed effective suggestions about reducing sediment siltation and improving transportation with long distance.
Numerical Simulation of Expansion Effect of MgO Concrete
Authors: Cui Jian Hua , Xiao Han Jiang , Su Jie
Published: October 2012

The expansion effect of the MgO concrete must meet the requirement of the design for the temperature control. In this paper, its influence to the construction stress is studied using 3D FEM method. Results show that the expansion of MgO at later age is good for compensating the shrinkage induced by temperature drop and the expansion of MgO can improve the stress status in the constrained zones but may worsen the stress status in other zones. This provides the reference for popularizing dam construction technology with MgO concrete.
Stability Evaluation for Cut-Off Wall of Daning Reservoir during Operation Period
Authors: Liu Miao , Wang Zhi Yin , Zhang Qi Wei , Li Jing Chun
Published: October 2012

The stress and deformation of cut-off wall will be changed as the water level cyclical varying during reservoir's operation. Therefore, the prediction is important to the safety and stability of reservoir. In this paper, the seepage characteristics of the highest and the lowest water level condition have been predicted, and the variation of horizontal displacement is discussed under the vehicle load of road and cyclical fluid load. Meanwhile, the displacement distribution and stress state in junction area of the upper wall and the lower wall are obtained. The results show that the Cut-off wall is less affected by the vehicle load of road, and its stress and deformation will gradually stabilize after the second water store-discharge cycle. The upper reinforced concrete wall will tilt towards outside of reservoir, but the deformation is very small at lower plastic concrete wall. The guide wall has a good effect on preventing the upper wall's inclining and improving the lower wall's stress environment. Besides, the maximum principle stress of cut-off wall is too small to course plastic failure.
Study on Concrete Temperature Crack Based on Mesomechanics
Authors: Liu Xing Hong , Zhu Jing Ping , Chang Xiao Lin , Zhou Wei
Published: October 2012

A three-phase mesomechanics model was established to simulate the aggregate, cement mortar and the interface between them. In order to reflect the meso characters and heterogeneity of concrete, the parameters were randomly valued on the Weibull distribution. Then, by using this model the complete process of concrete crack propagation was analyzed based on the elastic brittle damage theory. This method was verified by simulation of uniaxial tension and three-point bend beam test. Finally, concrete structure cracking at early age during a cold snap was simulated under different surface insulation conditions. The results show that this method can simulate the crack initiation and propagation effectively and reflect the whole process of concrete crack under temperature load.
Test Research on Bonding Strength between GFRP Anchor Bolt and Concrete under Corrosive Conditions
Authors: Tang Xie Xing , Luo Xiao Yong , Li Kai Lei , Kuang Ya Chuan
Published: October 2012

In practical projects, GFRP anchor bolts are in complex geological conditions with corrosive factors such as acid, alkalis, salt and freeze-thaw circle. In corrosive conditions, the bonding strength of GFRP anchor bolts are in direct relation to safety of anchoring works. Based on comparative tests on bonding strength between GFRP anchor bolt and concrete, failure modes in pull-out tests of GFRP anchor bolt and concrete are mainly pull-out failure and splitting failure. Pull-out failure is a chemical and mechanical interlocking failure between GFRP anchor bolts and concrete cubes, which can actually reflect the bonding status of bolts and concrete cubes. Splitting failure is a failure that the radial expansion force caused when the GFRP anchor bolt are bearing forces damages the concrete if it is of low strength or insufficient in thickness of protection layer and thus leads to boding failure. From the analysis on test results of bond-slip performance, the bonding strength decline the most in alkalis conditions: the bonding strength decreases by 23% after 1500 hours of corrosion and the slip displacement increases by 2.4mm; in acid and salt conditions, after 1500 hours of corrosion the bonding strength decreases by 19% and 17% and slip displacement increase by 1.6mm and 1.8mm, respectively. Based on analysis of nonlinear curve fitting on test data of bonding strength in three corrosive conditions, three empirical equations of degradation of bonding strength are fitted for GFRP anchor bolts in three corrosive conditions. Compared with data from reference [13], the bonding strength of GFRP anchor bolts working in acid, alkalis and salt geological conditions for 50 years decrease by 19.5%, 25% and 19.2%, respectively. These research results supply a test basis for GFRP anchor bolts used in complex geological conditions.
Study on the Load-Sharing Ratio of Piles and Soil about the Squared Piles Composite Foundation of Sluice
Authors: Cao Qiu Lin , Meng Yi Kai
Published: October 2012

By using 3-D finite element software ABAQUS, the load-sharing ratio of piles and soil about the squared piles composite foundation was studied. The magnitude of the load-sharing ratio of piles and soil is accurately evaluated and the calculations are identical with related tests. On the basis of studies and analysis on the different parameters, the variety of the load-sharing ratio of piles and soil about the squared piles composite foundation was known which would provide some references for the design of the actual engineering.
Analysis on the Dynamical Law of the Dam's Displacement by the Concept of Time-Displacement
Authors: Zhao Qing , Zhou Xing Dong
Published: October 2012

In the analysis of dam displacement data, mostly, a single point is used for calculation. Based on the concept named Time-displacement, this paper proposes a new calculation method with multi-point, which can make up the scarcity of analysis on the data of the dam deformation for a long time. Based on the concept of Time-displacement, the method of building the multi-point model is as follows: firstly, according to the deformation monitoring period, displacement data of all monitoring points on the deformation body, can be converted into the displacement rate. And based on displacement rate value, an appropriate rate threshold can be chosen; the rate threshold based on the experience can be used many also. Then the number of every monitoring point exceeding the rate threshold throughout the monitoring period can be recorded, and according to the number, the monitoring points’ Time-displacement could be divided into different levels. If the number of monitoring points on the deformation body is less, the interpolation points would be laid along the direction of the original monitoring sites. By the method of decision tree classification, the interpolation points’ Time-displacement could be figured out. Finally, with the original monitoring points and the interpolation points, the figure about deformation body’s Time-displacement could be drawn, which can reflect the displacement situation about the deformation body more dynamically.
Flowing Liquid Metal Corrosion of Structural Steels in the Pb-Bi Eutectic
Authors: Wang Z.H. , Chen H.
Published: October 2012

Flowing liquid metal corrosion of structural steels in the Pb-Bi eutectic has been synthetically analyzed according to experimental results, mechanics model and aseptic technique. Foregone researches show that element of structural steels have a big influence on the corrosion of structural steels. The increase of temperature induces the increase of corrosion. High Cr steels, high Si steels and covered by the Al films on the steels can effectively defense the corrosion. Through building up the oxidation kinetics and corrosion-oxidation interactions model can be used to better analyze flowing liquid metal corrosion of structural steels in the Pb-Bi eutectic.
Germanium Co-Precipitation with Ferric Hydroxide: A Lab-Scale Study
Authors: Chen Ke Yun , Liu Chen , Liang Duo Qiang , He Hang Jun , Huang Qiang , Wu Yao Ming , Pan Jue
Published: October 2012

Lab-scale germanium co-precipitation with ferric hydroxide in dilute sulfuric acid media was studied. The experiments of co-precipitation of germanium and ferric hydroxide were performed by neutralization of the germanium-ferric sulfate solution via adding calcium hydroxide powder. The variables affecting the germanium precipitation yield were investigated. The experimental results show that high initial germanium concentration, high ferric/germanium molar ratio, high final solution pH, low ion strength and slow temperature will contribute to high germanium precipitation yield.
Research on Hydrometallurgical Purification of Microimpurity in SiGe Alloy Tailings
Authors: Li Cheng , Chen Xiu Hua , Ma Wen Hui , Wu Lan , Xie Ke Qiang
Published: October 2012

Microimpurities are introduced by CZ of SiGe alloy, by studying the possibility of using hydrometallurgical route to refine SiGe alloy, different influencing factors were investigated, and the samples were characterized by SEM, ICP etc. When SiGe alloy particles are leached at appropriate conditions: the size 100-400μm, the mol fraction of HCl 2mol/l, reaction time 8h, reaction temperature 40°C, Impurities mass fractions of Fe, Al, Ca could be reduced to 4.14ppmw, 18.30ppmw, 78.99ppmw, the removal ratio are 99.23%, 84.36%, 34.18%, and the impurity content is reduced to about 100ppmw.
A Study on Advanced Treatment for Coking Wastewater with Biological Activated Carbon Based on Efficient Degrading Flora
Authors: Wang Guang Hua , Liu Xue Qin , Li Wen Bing , Lu Yun Zhou , Sun Ming Dong
Published: October 2012

The removal efficiency of degrading flora which has been constructed is investigated in biological carbon process through the variation of COD and chromaticity. The results show that the efficient degrading strains can reproduce on the activated carbon quickly；the biological activated carbon reactor，in which degrading flora to coking waste water are inoculated，is adopted to carry out the treatment of wastewater，in such a way the COD and chromaticity in outflow water can remain at a lower level (with COD about 50mg/L and chromaticity about 50 degree). The average COD removal rate is 71% and the chromaticity removal ratio is 95%.
Chemical Reaction and Fluid Flow in a Carbon Monoxide Boiler(II) Chemical Reaction Analysis
Authors: Yeh Chun Lang
Published: October 2012

Performance of a CO boiler has a detrimental influence on the operation and production of related industries. In this paper, the reacting flow in a Carbon Monoxide boiler is investigated. The influence of insertion of an ellipsoidal cone is discussed. It is found that insertion of an ellipsoidal cone can lower the temperature in the DeNOx section. There is a larger skin friction coefficient with a larger ellipsoidal cone angle. It is also found that NOx formation in the DeNOx section can be alleviated by insertion of an ellipsoidal cone.
Synthesis of n-Amyl Chloroacetate Catalyzed by Activated Carbon Supported Phosphotungstic Acid
Authors: Wang Shao Peng , Wang Yu Fei , Wang Hui Na , Li Jing Jing
Published: October 2012

Phosphotungstic acid(abbreviated as PW12) supported on active carbon was used as catalyst of n-Amyl chloroacetate synthesis. Review the influence of various factors on esterification ratio, such as ratio of alcohol and acid, reaction temperature, the amount of catalyst and so on. The experiments indicated that the activity of PW12 supported on active carbon was better, the optimum reaction conditions were followings, loading of PW12 was 18%, ratio of alcohol and acid was 1.3:1, the percent of catalyst in reactants was 2.5%.
Preparation and Application Study on the Coalmine Wastewater Flocculant - PAM/OMMT
Authors: Shi Shao Fei , Zheng Lan , Wang Yu Qi , Wang Jin Yan , Yao Rui Qing , Jiang Jia Jing , Li Li Jun
Published: October 2012

The modified polyacrylamide/organic montmorillonite (PAM/OMMT) flocculant was prepared by in-situ intercalation polymerization with acrylamide monomer and OMMT under CO2 inert atmosphere. The OMMT was synthesized with MMT and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as intercalation agent by cationic exchange reaction. This flocculant was used to deal with coalmine wastewater. The effects of the flocculant dose on turbidity removal rate and settling time, the influent of pH value, temperature on turbidity removal rate and the comparison with PAM was studied. Experimental results show that PAM/OMMT is a kind of high efficient compound flocculating agent, the formation of hydrophobic micro in polymer surface area has strong adsorption ability and dispersing capability. Then MMT increased the quality of flocculant body so that flocculating settling time is shorter. Its turbidity removal rate can be as high as 95.5%. Compared with PAM, PAM/OMMT presents many advantages with higher turbidity removal rate, higher settling velocity, lower relatively sludge water content and lower sensitivity of temperature and pH in wastewater treatment process. Flocculant dosage in 10 to 20 mg/L is the optimal flocculation condition. Sludge water content treated by PAM/OMMT (63.4%) is relatively lower than PAM (80.2%).
Study on Influence Factors in Flocculation Conditions of Bioflocculant
Authors: Li Li Xin , Liu Yan Jun , Ren Gang , Song Zhi Wei , Yang Xiu Min , Liu Yan
Published: October 2012

0.5g/L of kaolin suspension was took as the sample for coagulation. The jar test was adopted to examine the effects of the Compound Bioflocculant (CBF) dosage, hydrogen ion concentration (pH) and the CaCl2 dosage as coagulation aid on the removal efficiency of turbidity. The experimental results showed that CBF had an effective performance with dosage of 4-5mg/L in the alkalescence environment. The optimal conditions for the removal efficiency of turbidity by CBF were the dosage of 4ml/L and pH of 7.5. CBF added coagulation aid(CaCl2) could play effect of flocculation. Adding 1.0ml / L of 10% concentration solution of CaCl2 could achieve the best flocculation effect. Temperature had minimal impact on the removal efficiency of turbidity , it indicated that the removal rate of turbidity at low temperatures was not obviously influenced.
A Continuous Process for the Preparation of Pyridine from Tetrahydrofurfuryl Alcohol with (MoO3-NiO) / Al2O3 as Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Lei , Meng Shu Xian , Feng Ya Qing , Zhang Bao , Xu Zhe
Published: October 2012

Continuous synthesis of pyridine with (MoO3-NiO) / Al2O3 has been developed. The doped NiO improved the dispersion of the MoO3 particles and forms the new phase NiMoO4 so that the Mo+6 particles were retained as the active sites. NiO also was found to have a great effect on the catalyst acidity. The reaction parameters were optimized and pyridine was obtained in a yield of 86.19%.
Pd-Only Catalyst Modified by BaO with Co- Precipitation and Impregnation Methods towards the Methanol Fuel Emission Control
Authors: Zhang Xue Qiao , Ye Zhi Xiang , Xu Cheng Hua , Zhao Ming , Chen Yao Qiang
Published: October 2012

Barium oxide was introduced to modify Palladium catalysts supported on CeO2–ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3 (CZLA) by impregnation and co-precipitation. methods. Various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2-temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were employed to characterize the physicochemical properties of BaO-modified Pd-only catalyst. Catalytic activity for methanol, CO, C3H8 and NO conversions showed that BaO-modified catalyst prepared by impregnation method exhibited the best performance for methanol, C3H8 and NO removals, while the catalyst prepared by co-precipitation method was in favor of CO oxidation. Combined with the results of XRD, H2-TPR and XPS, it is concluded that the co-existence of PdO and Pd-O-Ce active species by impregnation played an important role in the methanol, C3H8 and NO removals, while the higher dispersion of palladium and improved reducibility were mostly favorable to the CO oxidation. The conversion of NO was co-effected by tow active species and the formation of Ba2AlLaO5 mixed oxide.
Synthesis of Functional Ionic Liquids by Thermal Heating and Ultrasonic-Assisted Methods
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Li Yi He , Xiao Hua , Tu Chi Zhou , Wang Chun Hua
Published: October 2012

1-(2-Methacryloyloxy)ethyl-3-butylimidazolium bromide, a kind of functional ionic liquid containing ester group, was synthesized by two synthesis methods, denoted as thermal heating method and ultrasonic-assisted method. The optimal synthesis condition of the thermal heating method is discussed. Comparison of the two methods shows that ultrasound significantly enhances the efficiency of the reaction. The ultrasonic-assisted method is quite promising in synthesis of ionic liquids with mild condition and high efficiency.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Sulfonated Humic Acid-Acrylic Acid Graft Copolymer Applied as Dispersant in Coal-Water Slurry
Authors: Li Jun Guo , Zhang Guang Hua , Liu Long , Zhao Fang
Published: October 2012

A new type of graft copolymer, sulfonated humic acid-acrylic acid resin (SHA), was synthesized and developed as dispersant for highly-loaded coal water slurry (CWS) from Chinese Binchang coal. In this study, The formulation, stability and rheology of the slurry with SHA were investigated. The experimental results show that SHA can reduce effectively CWS viscosity at low dosage, and that the CWS with SHA has excellent stability within 48 h and exhibits shear-thinning apparent viscosity/shear rate behavior. Based on the above, SHA is a promising dispersant for highly-loaded CWS in the practical use in industry.
Advances Research on Identification Method of Fluidized Bed Flow Pattern
Authors: Zeng Tao , Liu Shao Bei , Yang Wei
Published: October 2012

The progress of identification method of flow pattern is introduced, for gas-solid fluidized bed an example. These methods are not only able to identify the flow pattern, but also able to analyze the characteristics of every flow pattern and mechanism in transition. Furthermore the application of every method and the future work are presented.
Analytical Heterogeneous Extended Langmuir Model: Effect of Unilan Parameters
Authors: Feng Quan Li , Jia Yu , Yu Jian Chuan , Yang Ling , Ning Ping
Published: October 2012

Analytical Heterogeneous Extended Langmuir (AHEL) model is explicit and computationally simple for predicting gas mixture adsorption based on parameters of pure component isotherm. An example of ethane and ethylene adsorption on molecular sieve revels that the prediction of gas mixture adsorption is related to the parameters of the maximum adsorption energies for different pure gas. The parameters are not required to be the same. But their significant difference generates big deviation in prediction of mixed gas adsorption for the system studied in this work., even though they agree well with experimental data for single component adsorption and the saturation amount adsorbed of individual component is nearly the same.
Influences of Physicochemical Properties of ZnO on the Adsorptive Desulfurization Performance of Ni/ZnO Adsorbent
Authors: Liu Zhang Yong
Published: October 2012

ZnO nanoparticles with high surface area were synthesized by hydrothermal homogeneous precipitation method, and the influences of physicochemical properties of ZnO materials on the adsorptive desulfurization performance of Ni/ZnO adsorbent were investigated. Activity evaluation showed that the Ni/ZnO adsorbent using nanosize ZnO as support materials had better adsorption performance, and the sulfur adsorption capacity was maximized depending on the surface area and particle size of ZnO materials. The thiophene removal efficiency and the breakthrough capacity (10 ppm level) were found to be 100% and 6.1 (mg of sulfur per g of adsorbent), respectively.
Study on Microstructure of Several Nb-Ti-Cr-Al as-Cast Alloys
Authors: Wang Yan Qing , Liu Zhao Gang , Sun Ben Shuang , Wang Dong Xin
Published: October 2012

Due to low-density, higher elevated temperature strength and good oxidation resistance; the Nb-Ti-Cr-Al alloy was estimated to become a new kind of material used at elevated temperature of next generation. Therefore, it was widely studied by western developed country, but there are still many questions unsolved in this area. In this article, several kinds of Nb-Ti-Cr-Al alloys of different compositions were prepared by arc melting, and analyzed by metallographic method, XRD, SEM and EDS. The results indicated, in Nb-40Ti-15Al alloy, the solidified Structure was typical small equiaxed grains, columnar crystals and common equiaxed crystals. And in Nb-40Ti-10Cr alloy, there is a serious coring segregation of Cr element; it can induce intergranular fracture of ingot. As the content of Cr element increased, constitutional supercooling occurred in solidification process, and the microstruture changed from straight crystal boundary to dendrite, such as Nb-40Ti-20Cr alloy. As for Nb-40Ti-10Cr-10Al alloy, the addition of Al and Cr lead to a great number of sub boundary and precipitated phase, and the microsegregation in alloy are also reduced to a certain degree. To sum up, the content level of Cr and Al is essential to both the microstructure and mechanical performances of Nb-Ti based alloys.
Synthesis and Its Exchange Capacity for Li+ of Mg0.75Ti1.125O3
Authors: Jiang Jin He
Published: October 2012

A spinel-type metal compound [Mg0.75Ti1.125O3], was prepared by a coprecipitation/ thermal crystallization method. The extraction/insertion reaction with this material was investigation by X-ray, saturation capacity of exchange, and Kd measurement. The acid treatments of Mg0.75Ti1.125O3 caused Mg2+ extractions of more than 71%, while the dissolutions of Ti4+ were less than 7.2%. The experimental results have proved that the acid-treated sample has a capacity of exchange 7.5mmol•g-1 for Li+ in the solution. It had a memorial ion-sieve property for Li+.
Effects of Sputtering Conditions on Microstructure and Ferroelectric Properties of RF-Sputtered Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 Thin Films
Authors: Wu Yun Yi , Yuan Xue Tao , Hua Zhi Qiang , Li Tao , Wang Lei
Published: October 2012

The Bi3.25La0.75O12 films were prepared on the Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrate using RF-magnetron sputtering method. The effects of sputtering conditions, including sputtering pressure, oxygen partial pressure and substrate temperature on microstructure, ferroelectric properties were investigated. When deposited at low substrate temperature (room temperature), the BLT thin film exhibits preferentially c-axis oriented. With the increasing of substrate temperature, the (117) diffraction peak become stronger, indicating the changing of the microstructure in the BLT films. The BLT film samples deposited at 4.5-6Pa exhibit desired bismuth-layered structure, with no any preferred orientation. However, when BLT films were deposited above 5 Pa, some weak pyrochlore diffraction peaks appear in the X-ray diffraction pattern. The Pr is a maximum for the BLT film deposited at 5 Pa with O2/Ar ratio 1/5 and decreases with both decreasing and increasing deposition pressure.
Thermodynamic Analysis of the Reduction of WO3 by Al Powder
Authors: Chen Lian Ping , Gao Yuan Hong , Su Bai Tao
Published: October 2012

Hydrogen is widely used to prepare tungsten from tungsten oxides. Such a gas is combustible and strict measures must be taken. However, assisted by Mg or Li3N, tungsten can be prepared through the ball milling at room temperature. The reduction of WO3by Al powder is investigated thermodynamically. Simulations on the loss of Gibbs energy of these hypothetic reactions reveal that the reduction of WO3and WO2(OH)2(or H2WO4) is feasible when Al powder is used; and it is more difficult to generate the intermediate tungsten oxides such as WO2, WO2.72and WO2.9. In addition, it is better to prepare tungsten powder in vacuum containers in view of economy.
Comparation with Performance of Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Starch-Based Foams with Different Foamer
Authors: Zeng Guang Sheng , Lin Rui Zhen , Zheng Liang Jie , Meng Gong , Chen Lei
Published: October 2012

The foamed composites could be completely biodegradable which was mainly prepared by corn starch and PVA as matrixes, reinforced by bamboo fiber, separately foamed by water, NH4HCO3 and AC/ZnO, plasticized by the mixed plasticizer of glycerol/urea and other adjuvants using extrusion foaming method. They were respectively called as WPS, NPS, APS. Then, the foamed composites’ apparent density, expansion ratio, water absorbtion, rebound rate, thermostability and cell morphology were discussed and compared with. The results showed that the apparent density decreased with increasing foamer content, then increasing; The apparent density of WPS、NPS and APS was respectively 0.24 g.cm-3, 0.27 g.cm-3, 0.15 g.cm-3; The expansion ratio increased with increasing foamer content, then decreasing; The expansion ratio of WPS, NPS and APS was respectively 63.8%、69.3%、75.4%; The water absorption increased with increasing foamer content, then decreasing; The water absorption of WPS, NPS and APS was respectively 71.3%, 64.4%, 73.4%; The rebound rate increased with increasing foamer content, then decreasing; The reboundrate of WPS, NPS and APS was respectively 54.3%, 46.8%, 58.3%; The thermostability of NPS was the best, and APS was the second, and WPS was the third. The number of cells was firstly increased with increasing foamer content, then decreasing and the side of cells became smaller with increasing content of foamer, then becoming larger.
Degradation of Polyacrylamide in Oil Wastewater by Electrocatalytic Oxidation
Authors: Yang Li Juan , Li Ying Ying , Tian Mei , Wang Jing , Cui Hui Hai
Published: October 2012

Electrocatalytic oxidation of polyacrylamide (PAM) at Ti/PbO2 anode was studied in a three-electrode cell without any diaphragm but with a sandwich bath by galvanostatic electrolysis. Turbidimetry was used to determine the concentration of PAM. The change of degradation ratio with current density and reaction temperature was studied through single factor experiment in order to determine the optimal conditions. The optimal conditions of PAM degradation by electrocatalytic oxidation were: current density was 200 mA•cm-2, and reaction temperature was 60 °C. Under these conditions, the degradation ratio of PAM reached 88% after 3.0 h electrolysis. The total dissolved salts (TDS) and different ions affected on the degradation ratio of PAM by changing the size of PAM molecule and the viscosity of solution. The results of experiments showed that the degradation ratio increased firstly then decreased with the increasing of ion concentration. When TDS was 3000 mg•L-1, the degradation ratio reached the highest level. The high valence cation promoted the degradation of PAM. Cl- and HCO3- promoted the degradation of PAM because of the direct and indirect electrocatalytic oxidation and hydrolysis in alkaline solution respectively.
Hypernormal Form at Cubic of a Rectangular Symmetric Cross-Ply Laminated Composite Plate
Authors: Jia Wen Yuan , Li Jing , He Bin
Published: October 2012

Based on wings flutter on flying aircraft in this paper, the authors study the mechanical model of the rectangular symmetric cross-ply composite laminated plates. Frist, the method of multiple scales is employed to obtain the four-dimensional averaged equations of the model. Then, the method of new grading function and multiple Lie brackets is utilized to obtain the hypernormal form (simplest normal form, unique normal form) at cubic of above averaged equations.
Study on Performances of Cyanethyl Chitosan Fiber Prepared from [Asp]Cl Ionic Liquid
Authors: Xu De Zeng , Zhao Ting , Liu Zhi Chao , Bai Lu Nan , Guo Jing
Published: October 2012

Aspartic acid hydrochloride ionic liquid ([Asp]Cl) was successfully synthesized from aspartic acid powder and 36% hydrochloric acid. The derivative of chitosan cyanoethyl chitosan was prepared by acrylonitrile and alkali chitosan at room temperature. Structures of ionic liquid and cyanoethyl chitosan were characterized by FT-IR. Crystalline properties of cyanoethyl chitosan were characterized by XRD. Cyanoethyl chitosan was dissolved in [Asp]Cl ionic liquid aqueous solution and subjected to wet spinning. The mechanical properties of cyanoethyl chitosan fibers were tested by type LLY-06 electronic single fiber strength tester, and the surface morphology of fibers were observed by microscope. The results show that the maximum breaking strength of fiber was 2.212CN/dtex when the concentration of cyanoethyl chitosan was 6.5% relativing to 3% ionic liquid and the coagulating bath temperature was 30°C.
Antihypertensive Evaluation of Lignin Related High-Added-Value 4-Aryl-Hexahydroquinolines
Authors: Yang Xiao Hui , Xiao Guo Min , Wang Zhi Min , Zhou Yong Hong , Feng Guo Dong
Published: October 2012

4-Aryl-hexahydroquinolines prepared by Hantzsch reaction from aromatic aldehydes obtained from lignin had been proved to be excellent antioxidant property. In view of polyhydroquinoline containing similarities in structure to the biologically important compound, 1,4-dihydropyridine, their antihypertensive activities were herein determined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) during different time. The results show that those compounds possessing excellent antioxidant activity exhibit good antihypertensive property, and the compound containing syringyl moiety exhibit better antihypertensive activity than that containing guaiacyl moiety. This study suggests that those compounds may serve as promising agents for cure hypertension and free radical-related diseases.
Study on the Comfort Properties of Embedded Weaving for Photocatalyst Fiber Filament Fabric
Authors: Ye Xiao Lu , Du Lei , Xie Yong , Zou Feng Yuan
Published: October 2012

This paper designed 15 kinds of embedded weaving for photocatalyst fiber filament fabric. It performs testing and analysis on the fabric’s air permeability and moisture permeability, to make preliminary conclusions: with the increase in the proportion of photocatalyst fiber, the fabric’s air permeability will become better, while the case is opposite with the moisture permeability of fabric. From the structure point of view, both permeability of the 5/3 shaded satin fabrics are larger than those of 2/2 twill fabrics, which shall be larger than the plain fabrics.
Study on the Physical and Biological Properties of Corn Fiber Gum from Corn Kernel Pericarp
Authors: Li Ze Nan , Mo Qing , Lai Hong Wu , Wang Yong Jiang
Published: October 2012

Corn fiber gum (CFG) was extracted from the corn kernel pericarp and the physical and in vitro biological properties of CFG were investigated. The average molecular weight was determined to be 249kDa by SEC-LLS. And the capacity of water solubility was 323mg/mL. Experimental results also showed that CFG possessed antioxidant and bile acid binding activities in a dose-dependent way. The results from this study suggest that CFG, besides as a potential gum arabic replacer, can be applied in various fields such as functional foods and supplemental and pharmaceutical products.
Thermodynamics of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate Growth: Baseline for Understanding Single-Crystal Formation
Authors: Zhang Xu , Jia De Xiang , Xie Hua
Published: October 2012

The geometric shape of a crystal can be simulated via a thermodynamic model using breaking bond energy calculations. When this model was applied to the case of the KDP crystal, a thermodynamic description of the KDP crystal growth was successfully developed, which was consistent with experimental observations. Additionally, the effect of surface chemistry on the morphology of the KDP crystal was also investigated using the model based on the surface energy of the KDP crystal. These results confirm that bond making and breaking strongly influence the thermodynamic morphology of the KDP crystal during the crystallization.
Dissolution Behaviour and the Solution Property of Cellulose in NaOH/Urea/Thiourea Aqueous Solvent
Authors: Li Huan , Li Hai Feng , Zhong Xuan , Gibril Magdi E. , Li Xin Da , Zhang Yue , Han Ke Qing , Yu Mu Huo
Published: October 2012

Cellulose swelling and dissolving, rheological properties, crystallinity, gel Abstract. Untreated cellulose was directly and quickly dissolved in NaOH/thiourea/urea aqueous solvent at a 9/3/5/83 composition and pre-cooled at (-10 to +2)°C, and at a high shear force with 3500rpm agitating speed. The dissolving process was investigated by polarization microscope, XRD and rheometer. The result revealed that cellulose crystal forms was changed from cellulose I to cellulose II after dissolving and the crystallinity decreased. Moreover, the gel forming of cellulose has an obvious relationship with cellulose concentration and it’s easy to form gel when the cellulose concentration was above 8wt%.
Optimization of Factors Influencing the Aspect Ratio of Mullite Whiskers Based on Single Factor Analysis and Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Meng Bin , Peng Jin Hui
Published: October 2012

The mullite whiskers were synthesized from commercial raw materials by sintering in air. Three factors influencing the aspect ratio of whiskers, including sintering temperature, holding time and addition amount of V2O5, were analyzed based on single factor design and response surface methodology respectively. The optimum conditions for the synthesis of mullite whiskers with highest aspect ratio was obtained, i.e. sintering temperature was 1316.87°C, addition amount of V2O5 was 4.09wt.% and holding time was 1.96h. The experiment at the optimum condition was conducted and the real experimental value agrees to the predicted value based on response surface methodology.