bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AstroSLAM: Autonomous monocular navigation in the vicinity of a celestial small body—Theory and experiments
Authors: Dor Mehregan , Driver Travis , Getzandanner Kenneth , Tsiotras Panagiotis
Published: June 2024

We propose AstroSLAM, a standalone vision-based solution for autonomous online navigation around an unknown celestial target small body. AstroSLAM is predicated on the formulation of the SLAM problem as an incrementally growing factor graph, facilitated by the use of the GTSAM library and the iSAM2 engine. By combining sensor fusion with orbital motion priors, we achieve improved performance over a baseline SLAM solution and outperform state-of-the-art methods predicated on pre-integrated inertial measurement unit factors. We incorporate orbital motion constraints into the factor graph by devising a novel relative dynamics—RelDyn—factor, which links the relative pose of the spacecraft to the problem of predicting trajectories stemming from the motion of the spacecraft in the vicinity of the small body. We demonstrate AstroSLAM’s performance and compare against the state-of-the-art methods using both real legacy mission imagery and trajectory data courtesy of NASA’s Planetary Data System, as well as real in-lab imagery data produced on a 3 degree-of-freedom spacecraft simulator test-bed.
Behavior-predefined adaptive control for heterogeneous continuum robots
Authors: Tan Ning , Yu Peng , Wang Xin , Huang Kai
Published: June 2024

Continuum robots have great application value and broad prospects in various fields due to their dexterity and compliance. To fully exploit their advantages, it is crucial to develop an effective, accurate and robust control system for them. However, research on continuum robot control is still in its infancy and there are many problems remaining unsolved in this field. In particular, this paper focuses on the task-space behavior and the generic control of heterogeneous continuum robots. First, a controller is proposed to achieve the kinematic motion control and visual servoing of continuum robots with predefined task-space behavior. The predefined behavior is twofold: prescribed task-space error and predefined convergence time. Then, the proposed controller is integrated with a velocity-level kinematic mapping estimator to obtain a model-free control system, which is applicable to heterogeneous continuum robots. Furthermore, a re-adjustable performance function is proposed to ensure the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control system in the presence of external disturbance. Finally, extensive simulations and experiments are performed based on heterogeneous continuum robots, including the cable-driven continuum robot, the parallel continuum robot, the concentric-tube robot, the flexible endoscope, and the pneumatic continuum robot. Our results demonstrate that the task-space error of heterogeneous continuum robots complies with the prescribed boundaries and converges to steady state in predefined time, which reveals the efficacy of the proposed control method.
Building dynamic capabilities in supplier selection in industry 4.0 era: A literature review
Authors: Benabdellah Ghita Chaouni , Zekhnini Kamar , Benabdellah Abla Chaouni , Lu Qing , Wu Jie , Khan Zaheer
Published: June 2024

Firms are striving to improve their operational capacities and maintain competitive advantages in light of challenges presented by globalization, evolving consumer preferences, prolonged external disruptions, and advancements in industry 4.0. Given that their suppliers have an impact on their competitive advantages, firms must ensure that the selection process for suppliers includes dynamic capabilities such as sustainability, resilience, and digitalization. This is crucial for maintaining competitiveness and effectively managing external disruptions. The objective of this article was to provide an analysis of recent literature on supplier selection through a descriptive and thematic analysis. By examining dispersed literature, this study has developed a framework for supplier selection rooted in building dynamic capabilities of whole supply chain with three important dimensions—resilience, sustainability, and digitalization. Findings of the study will assist managers to improve their supply chain performances, particularly in their supplier selection and evaluation by highlighting the crucial role of dynamic capabilities.
Now boarding: Towards new geographies of aeromobility
Authors: Adey Peter , Lin Weiqiang , Barry Kaya , Harris Tina , Frétigny Jean-Baptiste , Budd Lucy
Published: June 2024

In this article, we build on Adey, Budd and Hubbard’s 2007 ‘Flying Lessons’ paper by proposing four trajectories – bodies, infrastructures, technologies and disruptions – along which future research may follow for aeromobility studies. Since ‘Flying Lessons’, concerns for aviation have spread and developed into new areas beyond the experience of the individual air-passenger, but they have also remained somewhat disparate. Our article seeks to synthesise, trace and evaluate these shifts, and to draw out their interconnections, inter-referentialisms and contradictions. We envision a future geographies of flying that is far more entangled and attuned to aeromobilities' ambiguous relations, both human and more-than-human.
Impact of Multi-Dimensional Features on Fuel Consumption Considering the Heterogeneous Effects of Road Characteristics
Authors: Pang Qianqian , Chen Shuyan , Ma Yongfeng , Xing Guanyang , Liu Hongru , Liang Biao
Published: June 2024

Analyzing the influencing factors of fuel consumption helps to formulate reasonable energy-saving measures to reduce the fuel consumption. This paper examines the influence of multi-dimensional features on fuel consumption. Then, fuel consumption under different road characteristics is modeled based on correlation analysis and multiple linear regression methods. Finally, the heterogeneous effects of road characteristics on fuel consumption are analyzed by comparing different models. The result shows significant differences in the influencing factors of fuel consumption under different road characteristics. In addition, the same factor has different effects on fuel consumption under different road characteristics. Driving experience positively affects fuel consumption at intersections and two-way four-lane roads; in contrast, there is a negative effect in two-way six-lane roads. Drivers who agree that “we will experience a major ecological catastrophe if things continue on their present course” have lower fuel consumption at intersections and higher on two-way four-lane and six-lane roads. Higher acceleration leads to higher fuel consumption at intersections and lower fuel consumption at two-way four-lane and six-lane roads. Traffic congestion leads to reduced fuel consumption at intersections and two-way four-lane roads and increased fuel consumption at two-way six-lane roads. These results reveal the heterogeneous effects of road characteristics on fuel consumption, which are helpful in analyzing the influence mechanism of fuel consumption and provide a reference for formulating reasonable measures of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Investigation into Human Factors in Rear-End Crashes of Commercial Trucks Based on Human Factors Analysis and Classification System with Bayesian Networks Fusion Method
Authors: Du Xuejing , Zhao Wei
Published: June 2024

Rear-end crashes of commercial trucks (ReC-CTs) account for the main type of truck traffic crashes, and human factors are important influencing factors that cause ReC-CTs. This study aims to investigate systematic human factors involved in ReC-CTs and further explore relationships between human factors at all levels and induced paths of unsafe acts. In this study, a total of 320 in-depth investigation cases of ReC-CTs in China from 2015 to 2022 were collected, and a novel systematic approach integrating the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) with Bayesian networks (BN) was proposed to identify and quantitatively analyze the human factors of ReC-CTs. The analysis of results leads to the following conclusions: 1) An improved HFACS model was constructed to identify 38 human factors related to ReC-CTs and to conduct a classification analysis at a systemic level; 2) The new systems-based method that integrates HFACS with BN, which can highlight the interrelationships among causal categories at various levels, is an effective method to quantitatively analyze the human factors of ReC-CTs; and 3) The influence relationships between unsafe acts and factors at various levels were quantitatively analyzed at a systemic level; the important influencing factors of each level that lead to unsafe acts were identified, and the most likely induced path for each unsafe act was determined. The research results can provide important guidance for effectively controlling the significant human factors at all levels of HFACS and for the targeted formulation of preventive measures for ReC-CTs.
3-Dimensional Bioprinting of a Tendon Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes Loaded Scaffold to Bridge the Unrepairable Massive Rotator Cuff Tear
Authors: Zhang Xuancheng , Wu Yuxu , Han Kang , Fang Zhaoyi , Cho Eunshinae , Hu Yihe , Huangfu Xiaoqiao , Zhao Jinzhong
Published: June 2024

Background:

Unrepairable massive rotator cuff tears (UMRCTs) are challenging to surgeons owing to the severely retracted rotator cuff musculotendinous tissues and extreme defects in the rotator cuff tendinous tissues.

Purpose:

To fabricate a tendon stem cell–derived exosomes loaded scaffold (TSC-Exos-S) and investigate its effects on cellular bioactivity in vitro and repair in a rabbit UMRCT model in vivo.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

TSC-Exos-S was fabricated by loading TSC-Exos and type 1 collagen (COL-I) into a 3-dimensional bioprinted and polycaprolactone (PCL)–based scaffold. The proliferation, migration, and tenogenic differentiation activities of rabbit bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) were evaluated in vitro by culturing them in saline, PCL-based scaffold (S), COL-I loaded scaffold (COL-I-S), and TSC-Exos-S. In vivo studies were conducted on a rabbit UMRCT model, where bridging was repaired with S, COL-I-S, TSC-Exos-S, and autologous fascia lata (FL). Histological and biomechanical analyses were performed at 8 and 16 weeks postoperatively.

Results:

TSC-Exos-S exhibited reliable mechanical strength and subcutaneous degradation, which did not occur before tissue regeneration. TSC-Exos-S significantly promoted the proliferation, migration, and tenogenic differentiation of rabbit BMSCs in vitro. In vivo studies showed that UMRCT repaired with TSC-Exos-S exhibited significant signs of tendinous tissue regeneration at the bridging site with regard to specific collagen staining. Moreover, no significant differences were observed in the histological and biomechanical properties compared with those repaired with autologous FL.

Conclusion:

TSC-Exos-S achieved tendinous tissue regeneration in UMRCT by providing mechanical support and promoting the trend toward tenogenic differentiation.

Clinical Relevance:

The present study proposes a potential strategy for repairing UMRCT with severely retracted musculotendinous tissues and large tendinous tissue defects.
Exploring the relationship between oxidative stress status and inflammatory markers during primary Sjögren’s syndrome: A new approach for patient monitoring
Authors: Benchabane Sarah , Sour Souad , Zidi Sourour , Hadjimi Zohra , Nabila Lyazidi , Acheli Dahbia , Bouzenad Amel , Belguendouz Houda , Touil-Boukoffa Chafia
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily affects exocrine glands dysfunction. Oxidative stress (OS) is a phenomenon occurring as a result of an imbalance between the generation of free radicals and antioxidant defense system. Hence, we aimed to establish the status of OS and inflammatory response according to the pSS disease activity index. In this context, we investigated malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant enzymes during pSS. The possible association between MDA and nitric oxide (NO) levels and between MDA and some pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-33).

Methods

The study has been conducted on 53 pSS patients. The antioxidant enzymes, represented by glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were estimated by a colorimetric activity kit. Whereas, MDA value was assessed by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-33) and NO were respectively quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and the modified Griess.

Results

Interestingly, we report a notable reduction in our pSS patients’ antioxidant enzyme activity, while NO, MDA and proinflammatory cytokines values were significantly increased. pSS patients with higher disease activity had much stronger increases in NO and MDA levels. No significant difference was assessed in CRP level. Additionally, substantial significant correlations between plasmatic NO and MDA levels and between MDA, NO and IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α cytokines were reported. However, no significant association was found between NO, MDA and IL-33 concentrations.

Conclusion

Collectively, our data showed altered oxidant-antioxidant balance in pSS patients. MDA, NO, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α seem to be good indicators in monitoring disease activity. Oxidative stress was closely related to inflammation in pSS. Exploiting this relationship might provide valuable indicators in the follow-up and prognosis of pSS with a potential therapeutic value.
Investigating thermal and free vibrational properties of fabric sandwich composite materials for car hood application
Authors: Shiferaw Kebede Melese , Tegegne Abebe Asmamaw , Asmare Tsegaw Assefa , Mulatie Bogale Teshome , Mekonone Samuel Tesfaye
Published: June 2024

Textile fabric wastes are the second most polluting materials in the world after plastic. This study investigated the thermal and free vibrational properties of the sandwich composites prepared from recycled fabric materials. Grey cotton fabric(C) and wool garment waste (G) reinforced a polyester matrix in a different layer arrangement (CCCC, CGCG, CGGC, GCCG, GGGG, and chopped). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dilatometry were performed to determine the thermal properties. TGA results showed similar initial weight loss for GCCG, CCCC, and CGGC (within a range of 25 °C–800°C) and for GCGC, GGGG, and chopped arrangements. All composites exhibited thermal stability up to 305°C. Between 310°C and 405°C, a gradual mass loss was observed, followed by more significant degradation above 405°C and residual mass loss observed at 655°C. Dilatometry tests reveal minimal volume change up to a heating temperature of 300°C for all durations (20 min, 40 min, and 60 min). In addition, the free-vibration analysis indicated poor energy-absorbing properties for CCCC, while CGGC sandwich composite specimen exhibited better energy-absorbing properties. Based on these results, it can be concluded that these composite materials are suitable for applications such as car hoods, which typically function below 105°C temperatures.
Ultrasonic bonding with variable amplitude fuzzy control based on force signals for Polymethyl Methacrylate
Authors: Zhang Yunxiang , Zhu Jianning , Sun Yang , Sun Yibo , Zou Li , Yang Xinhua
Published: June 2024

Ultrasonic bonding is an emerging technology in the field of micro-assembly. Traditional ultrasonic bonding processes are controlled by time, pressure, or electrical energy, but higher precision is required for interface fusion control. In this paper, a variable amplitude ultrasonic bonding method based on fuzzy control is proposed. Two fuzzy controllers are designed by the fuzzy control algorithm with dynamic and static force signals as inputs and ultrasonic amplitude as output. In the early stage of bonding, the initial melting of the contact surface is accelerated, and the generation of overflow defects is inhibited by the realization of a large amplitude. In the middle and late stages of bonding, the whole interface fusion is achieved with smaller amplitudes to weaken the bubble defect. The bonding experiment between the micro connecting tube and substrate of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is carried out to investigate the fusion of interface. The effects of different amplitude parameters on air bubbles and overflow defects are analyzed. Results indicate that the suppression of overflow and air bubbles is obvious, and the overflow ratio can be reduced to 2%. The stability and accuracy of interface fusion are improved.
Research on effects of braiding process on the composite preform quality using finite element method
Authors: Shang Zufeng , Hu Xingtao , Li Qinchuan , Wang Wei
Published: June 2024

The quality of a braided preform significantly impacts composite performance and its manufacturing control is paramount. However, predicting the braiding process, especially for irregular composite shapes, poses challenges. To tackle the problem, this paper proposes a numerical modeling method based on the software Abaqus. It is firstly utilized to declare the dynamic stabilization mechanism of the braiding progress on a circular and straight mandrel, validating the deposit plane position and braiding angle against theoretical results. The stable deposit plane position is then used to guide the initial placement of the mandrels with irregular geometries, such as complex, varying profile and curved centerline. Based on the method, uniform braiding configurations are obtained numerically, with their patterns discussed via comparisons with results from mismatched mandrel placements. Fiber distribution rules on different irregular geometric features have also been investigated. The method proposed can guide the mandrel control and improve the braiding quality of irregular composite preforms during manufacturing.
Leadership Ambition: The Gendered and Racialized Differences of Leadership Representation in Public Organizations
Authors: Camarena Leonor , Jung Heyjie
Published: June 2024

This study investigates leadership ambition and focuses this with a simple, yet necessary perspective, the focus of race/ethnicity and gender. Many public organizations may not consider how gendered and racialized aspects of organizations can influence leadership ambition for diverse individuals. We ask: (a) How is gender and race/ethnicity related to leadership ambition? and (b) Are social networks related to leadership ambition based on gender and racial/ethnic differences? Using a 2011 national survey of STEM faculty in U.S. research-based universities, we find significant leadership ambition differences for people of color and that social networks are beneficial for women’s leadership ambition.
Imaging Features of Immunodeficiency-Associated Primary CNS Lymphoma: A Review
Authors: Omid-Fard Nima , Puac-Polanco Paulo , Torres Carlos Hernando , Hamilton Leslie , Nguyen Thanh Binh
Published: June 2024

In the immunocompromised setting, there are distinct radiologic findings of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), including necrotic ring-enhancing lesions, increased propensity for intralesional haemorrhage, and multiplicity. In this clinical context, advanced imaging with MR perfusion, spectroscopy, and diffusion-weighted imaging can be used to increase accuracy in the diagnosis of lymphoma over mimics such as high-grade glioma, metastases, or infection. This review summarizes the histology and pathophysiology of PCNSL in immunodeficient hosts, which provide a basis for its imaging appearances, prognosis, and treatment. This discussion is important for the general radiologist as the incidence of immunodeficiency-related PCNSL may be increasing.
Thermal error prediction and reliability analysis of the main shaft bearing at wind turbines
Authors: Zhang Peng , Jiang Zhiyuan , Huang Xianzhen , Wang Yuping , Rong Zhiming
Published: June 2024

During the operation of the gearless wind turbine, the phenomenon of heat generation in the main shaft bearing is inevitable and further affects the assembly preload. It is crucial to determine the effect of the thermal error on bearing assembly preload. In this paper, a reliability analysis method for main shaft bearing is proposed. Firstly, a finite element model for the thermal analysis of wind turbines is established based on heat transfer theory, and the thermal error of the preload is calculated. Subsequently, a reliability analysis of the main shaft bearing is conducted through Quasi-Monte Carlo simulation (QMCS) considering the influence of uncertainty factors. To further improve the computational efficiency, a surrogate model based on stochastic configuration network (SCN) is established to analyze the reliability and sensitivity of the bearing. Finally, the numerical example shows that the proposed model has high accuracy and applicability.
Comparative study of effect of fragment nose shapes on damage characteristics of thin target plate in ballistic applications
Authors: Mulabagal Pradeep , Kumaraswamy Adepu , Dewangan Mithilesh Kumar , Nimje Sunil V
Published: June 2024

Experimental and numerical investigations in ballistic applications have predominantly focused on determining the ballistic limit of target plates for various projectile shapes. However, limited attention has been given to the influence of projectile nose shapes at high impact velocities. To address this gap, 3D FE simulations were carried out on a 1 mm thin target plate using J-C material model, the Gruneisen equation of state (EOS), an erosion contact algorithm, and the explicit FE code LS-DYNA. The simulations involved impact of fragments of equal mass but different nose shapes. The results revealed a significant influence of fragment shape on both the ballistic limit and overall plastic deformation of the target plate. Particularly, the target plate impacted by a hexagonal pyramid fragment shape exhibited the highest ballistic limit and global plastic deformation. Further, it was also observed that at higher impact velocities, the former fragment shape caused the maximum damage to the target plate, while at lower impact velocities, the cubical fragment shape demonstrated the highest lethality. This difference in target damage is known to be governed by the energy required to erode the target and fragment material. The results from the current study offers valuable insights into how different fragment shapes influence the damage inflicted on target plates in ballistic scenarios. The findings presented in this study also offer guidance on selecting suitable fragment shapes for future use in Fragment Generator Warheads (FGW) in order to maximize the damage or lethality inflicted on targets.
Exit or Non-exit? Case Study of Blackstone’s Stake Sale in Mphasis
Authors: Iyer S. Veena
Published: June 2024

This case illustrates a specific type of private equity exit where the portfolio investment is sold to another fund of the same firm. This case highlights the differing motivations of the stakeholders involved and possible conflicts of interest, which can have ethical ramifications. While secondary sale exits are common in private equity, sale within the same firm is a recent phenomenon that gives rise to more conflicts of interest. This is one of few cases that gives prime space to the personal motivations of stakeholders and ethical issues, apart from the private equity business nuances. Written as a teaching case with the primary motive to drive home certain aspects of the workings of a private equity firm, it describes an unconventional exit made by Blackstone Inc. from one of its largest private equity investments in India, Mphasis Ltd. It has been built using secondary sources, particularly company documents and announcements, besides media reports surrounding the event. We conclude that the compensation structures of the general and limited partners, respectively, come in the way of complete goal congruence and such deals lend themselves to more than the usual conflicts of interest. Unethical behaviour on the part of the general partners is especially possible, including continuous earning of fees and avoiding clawback. Ambiguity in private firms’ valuation adds to the possibility of unethical decision-making.
Do Entrepreneurial Competencies Impact Competitive Agility and Entrepreneurial Satisfaction? Evidence from Startups in South Korea
Authors: Park Byeonghwa , Kim Kihyun , Kim Sahrok , Geum Yongpil
Published: June 2024

This study examines the effects of entrepreneurial competencies on competitive agility and entrepreneurial satisfaction of startups in a hypercompetitive Korean business environment. The study adopts a framework based on a resource-based view of the resources, capabilities and processes shaping a startup performance, considering vital drivers such as information technology competency, opportunity competency and competitive agility. It highlights that entrepreneurial success should not be solely limited to financial indicators, as entrepreneurial satisfaction of young startups is also crucial. A structural equation model was employed to analyze data from 638 South Korean startups that received government support. The results show that there is a positive relationship between information technology and opportunity competency on competitive agility. Information technology competency has a positive effect on opportunity competency. Further, competitive agility and opportunity competency have a positive effect on entrepreneurial satisfaction. Additionally, competitive agility mediates the positive relationship between opportunity competency and entrepreneurial satisfaction. The study concludes that, to be successful, startups need to align their entrepreneurial competencies in an agile manner to scan the market environment, seize business opportunities and transform capabilities into actions for improved entrepreneurial satisfaction outcomes. In summary, we suggest that small and mid-size startups can improve their entrepreneurial satisfaction outcomes by linking entrepreneurial competencies with entrepreneurial action process and competitive agility.
Policy Plans for the Long-Run Sustainable Industrialization Process in Jammu and Kashmir India A Post-2018 Trajectory Setting-Up
Authors: Majeed Mehak
Published: June 2024

Since the dawn of the first industrial revolution, the global community has borne witness to the manifold advantages of industrialization. Encouraged by the resounding success of this transformative journey, nations worldwide have ardently aspired to expedite their own industrialization endeavours. The region of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) embarked on a parallel trajectory in the early 1950s, sharing India’s zealous commitment to industrial advancement. However, this shared vision was beset by a complex interplay of political, social, and economic factors that thwarted the realization of their set objectives. A significant policy reform in 2019 marked a turning point, setting the stage for a new chapter in J&K’s industrialization narrative. The present study serves as a retrospective analysis of the industrialization process in J&K up to 2018. It serves to corroborate findings derived from firm-level data, illuminating the intricacies of existing loopholes and challenges that have hindered the sustainable growth of industrialization in the region. The primary aim of this study is to inform and enable pertinent, evidence-based policy interventions, fostering the establishment of a resilient industrialization process in post-2018 J&K. This endeavour seeks to realize an unwavering commitment to sustainable development, where progress knows no bounds.

JEL Classification: D04, D22, O14
Role of Behavioural Factors on Process Performance: An Experimental Study
Authors: Singh Mahendra Pal , Jacob Riju , Vaidya Omkarprasad S.
Published: June 2024

The intense competition is forcing the business entities to continually change their processes, systems, technology, skills, and products. Operations management (OM) as a field is replete with lots of mathematical decision support models with sufficient data availability. Yet literature shows that OM studies till recently have neglected “human resources” who are critical to efficiency and throughput in production processes. Literature suggests that the performance of a worker changes during the execution of tasks due to the variation of numerous factors affecting human behaviour. The success of OM tools, techniques, and theories relies heavily on how well we are able to understand human behaviour. This article undertakes an experimental study of behavioural factors that affect worker’s productivity in production processes. Initially, 15 factors affecting human performance are selected. Using failure mode and effects analysis, six factors are shortlisted and later classified in two groups using the affinity diagram. Our study uses the design of experiments (DOEs) method to analyse the data collected. Finally, Taguchi’s DOE is conducted on the basis of the outcomes of the first two experiments. We then predict significant factors and their levels to achieve the desired outcome. A confirmatory test is also done to confirm the results. Understanding and modelling the behavioural factors in a complex environment can be quite a challenging task. Our work demonstrates that instead of using complicated experiments, researchers can obtain meaningful insights by adopting relatively simpler tasks with the benefit of savings of cost and time while conducting behavioural studies. The results and findings highlight significant implications for researchers, practitioners, and managers to re-design and improve workplaces besides improving processes and productivity. The significant theoretical contributions include proposing a modified learning and decision-making model for building better behavioural OM models.
Book Review: Nitin Seth. 2024. Mastering the Data Paradox: The Key to Winning in the AI Age
Authors: Jain Yogendra
Published: June 2024

Nitin Seth. 2024. Mastering the Data Paradox: The Key to Winning in the AI Age. Penguin Business, 400 pp. ₹799, ISBN-10:014346552X, ISBN-13:978-0143465522
Book review: Gene Kim, George Spafford, and Kelvin Behr, The Phoenix Project: A Novel about IT, DevOps, and Helping Your Business Win
Authors: Singh Abhishek
Published: June 2024

Gene Kim, George Spafford, and Kelvin Behr, The Phoenix Project: A Novel about IT, DevOps, and Helping Your Business Win (IT Revolution Press, 2018), 385 pp. ₹1678, ISBN 978-1-9427-8830-0.
Unraveling the Pharmacological Intricacies of Kurarinone in Osteoporosis: Insights from a Network Pharmacology Approach
Authors: Xiong Zhongyu , Yang Huawen
Published: June 2024

Background

Kurarinone, a compound derived from Sophora flavescens, has been widely studied for its anti-inflammatory properties, as well as its potential in treating autoimmune encephalomyelitis and inflammation-related musculoskeletal diseases. However, the specific molecular mechanisms by which Kurarinone affects osteoporosis are still not fully understood.

Objectives

To explore the potential pharmacological targets and molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Kurarinone on osteoporosis.

Materials and Methods

To confirm the impact of Kurarinone on osteoporosis, network pharmacology techniques were used to analyze the mechanisms of Kurarinone on osteoporosis. Molecular docking was performed to examine the binding of Kurarinone to key targets involved in osteoporosis. Then, we conducted TRAcP staining, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR), and Western blot experiments to validate the results.

Results

Utilizing network pharmacology approaches coupled with docking analysis, our investigation revealed that Kurarinone was involved in the osteoclast differentiation and MAPK signaling pathways. According to in vitro experiments, Kurarinone was found to inhibit osteoclast formation through the p38/MAPK pathway.

Conclusion

This study suggests that Kurarinone may treat osteoporosis by inhibiting MAPK phosphorylation and inhibiting osteoclast formation.
Globalization and Employment Outcomes in the Southern African Customs Union: A De Jure and De Facto Analysis
Authors: de Jongh Jacques
Published: June 2024

The primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of various dimensions of globalization on employment outcomes in the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) countries. A novel panel econometric approach was used, accounting for structural breaks, cross-sectional dependence, and heterogeneous slopes through cross-sectionally augmented panel-autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and dynamic common correlated effect (DCCE) estimation. The findings revealed that globalization, mainly through its economic and social dimensions, has induced additional employment capacity for the customs union. The prominence of de jure and de facto factors within this nexus was also confirmed. The results showed the benefits of foreign financial flows, tourism, technological knowledge spillovers, and trade facilitation in improving SACU labor market processes. Although the evidence here sheds light on the positive inducing effects, the presence of both adverse incorporation and skill-biased consequences was not discounted. Based on this, several recommendations are suggested. This includes the promotion of regional trade and greater integration within the wider sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), an industrial policy shift that promotes a more information and communication technology (ICT)-driven economy, developing industries without smokestacks (IWOSS), establishing sound regional institutions, and prioritizing export diversification, especially among the smaller states in the customs union.

JEL Classification F63, F66, J2, R1
Predicting Smartphone Addiction Trajectories in Korean Adolescents: A Longitudinal Analysis of Protective and Risk Factors Based on a National Survey from 2018 to 2020
Authors: Do Kyung-Yi , Kim Chun-Bae
Published: June 2024

This longitudinal study aimed to identify the role of psychosocial factors affecting smartphone addiction (SA) among Korean adolescents and predict the trajectory of SA based on the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) 2018 to 2020. The dependent variable was SA score as measured by the Korean Smartphone Addiction Propensity Scale (SAPS), and the independent variables were psychosocial factors (attention, grit, life satisfaction, self-esteem, aggression, depression, social withdrawal and physical symptom). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis (adjusted for covariates) results indicated that attention (B = −0.346, P < .001), grit (B = −0.402, P < .001), life satisfaction (B = −0.150, P < .001), and self-esteem (B = −0.099, P < .001) were protective factors for reducing SA score. Conversely, aggression (B = 0.222, P < .001) and depression (B = 0.067, P = .005) were predicted to be risk factors for increasing SA score. A better understanding of the relationship between behavioral addiction and psychosocial development factors in adolescence will assist in the development of more effective prevention and treatment strategies.
‘Human resource management and the worker’: employee voice in management
Authors: Léonard Evelyne , Taskin Laurent
Published: June 2024

What room is there for worker voice in management, and more precisely, in human resource management, in today’s companies? Against a backdrop of individualisation and financialisation of management, new claims arise that promise to give workers more voice, individually and collectively. In this article, we delineate the different options open to management in organising for worker voice. Going back to the influential work of Roethlisberger and Dickson, we propose three different perspectives on how employee voice is considered in human resource management. Finally, we discuss managerial and firm governance options to show that there are a variety of practices in companies, but also that worker voice is under threat.
The Remote Approach in a Qualitative Study During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Perspective Considering the Researcher’s Life Experiences and the Trustworthiness
Authors: Freitas-Jesus Juliana Vasconcellos , Sánchez Odette Del Risco , Surita Fernanda Garanhani
Published: June 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised a wide range of challenges for qualitative researchers, especially when most of the world was facing isolation during the first wave in 2020. The scientific literature rapidly raised discussion regarding data collection adaptation for remote inquiry and ethical dilemmas. However, it is still necessary to discuss the implications of running qualitative studies as a researcher immersed in a global emergency, precisely when the researchers themselves are involved in this context. To what extent, or in what way, can being fully immersed in this context influence all phases of the research? What is the role of reflexivity in this context? We proposed a new discussion based on the study we performed remotely in 2020, among infected pregnant women, using concepts of the Freudian feeling of uncanny to explore the life experience of the researcher. We also considered the concept of the discourse of the master from Jacques Lacan to debate the researchers’ position during the pandemic and to bring practical implications.
The Importance of Providing Training to Informal Caregivers of Hospice Patients: Caregiver Experience With Hospice Care Based on Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers & Systems Surveys
Authors: Videon Tami M. , Rosati Robert J. , Finn Stephanie
Published: June 2024

Background

Informal caregivers aid hospice patients at the end of life. Little is known of their preparation and confidence in providing care, and how this relates to experiences of hospice care.

Objective

Examine factors associated with informal caregivers’ rating of home hospice care.

Methods

Data come from 828 completed CAHPS® surveys mailed between January 2022 and December 2023 from a single non-profit Hospice organization. Multivariate logistic regression analyses examined the independent influence of various aspects of hospice care on ratings of hospice.

Results

Nine of every 10 respondents rated hospice care high (9 or 10). Most aspects of hospice care were rated favorably. Nearly all respondents felt the patient was treated with dignity and respect (96%). The measure with the greatest room for improvement was getting help as soon as needed (82% “always”). Multivariate analyses revealed 6 factors that independently predicted overall rating of hospice care. The strongest predictor was always getting help as soon as needed, followed by believing the hospice team cared about the patient. Three measures of caregiver training were significantly associated with higher ratings of hospice care being trained to: safely move the patient, what to do if patient became restless, and on pain medications.

Conclusions

When informal caregivers feel trained to assess and manage the symptoms, they rate hospice care more favorably. Greater attention to informal caregiver training and support are imperative to improving hospice care.
The origin and function of external representations
Authors: Fernando Chrisantha , Osindero Simon , Banarse Dylan
Published: June 2024

External representations ( ERs) are objects or performances in the world whose proper function is to communicate about other things in the world. Why and how did we make them, and what do they give us? We outline a simple framework for thinking about ERs grounded in modern machine learning. We propose a minimal set of neural mechanisms needed for open-ended ER production. Our constructivist enactive view contrasts with nativist views which propose specialist neural modules requiring symbolic internal representations. We propose a plausible set of (biological and cultural) evolutionary steps to full Gricean symbolic communication via a set of increasingly complex enactive algorithms for ER production. A pragmatic space of games is defined, which includes not only fully cooperative language games but also science, art, and evolved signal manipulation games. This space is defined by the complexity of learning needed by sender and receiver. We propose that one important step towards open-ended ER use was selection for bush reading, which like mind-reading is an inferential process requiring complex contextual and syntactic understanding of cues about events displaced in space and time. Bush reading pre-adapted receivers to be receptive, competent, and perspicacious interpreters of later intentionally produced signals about hidden topics such as felt mental states. This paved the way for minimally Gricean communication, which subsequently could be bootstrapped into explicit theories of mind, folk psychology narratives, and symbolic language in general. Recent findings in cognitive archaeology are integrated within the framework, and new experiments in machine learning suggested.
A nonlinear energy sink for tremor suppression using shape memory alloys
Authors: Jafarpour Mahalleh Abbas , Zakerzadeh Mohammadreza
Published: June 2024

A passive vibration absorber is proposed to mitigate tremors induced by Parkinson’s disease or essential tremor to replace costly and invasive alternatives. The proposed device is a wristband that, instead of classic spring–damper pairs, incorporates a shape memory alloy spring that acts as a nonlinear energy sink due to its hysteretic behavior. The mathematical models for the SMA spring and the patient’s forearm and hand are developed. To demonstrate the superiority of the SMA absorber, the proposed absorber’s performance is compared to a classic viscous absorber and also tested under unexpected harmonic forces. The simulations were performed in two parts. The first part used harmonic excitations as tremors to optimize SMA and viscous absorbers. The results indicated a 91% and 92% reduction in forearm and wrist tremors by the SMA absorber. The second part used real-world tremor data to compare the absorbers. Simulation results indicated that the viscous absorber reduces tremor power to an average of 55% in the 3–25 Hz range. In comparison, the SMA absorber has an average 92% tremor PSD reduction in the said range, which is significantly higher than the viscous absorber.
Secondary semi-active suspension for high-temperature superconducting pinning maglev system based on electromagnetic shunt damper
Authors: Zhang Shuonan , Li Haitao , Lv Chong , Hu Xianhong , Deng Zigang , Zhang Weihua
Published: June 2024

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) pinning maglev systems have emerged as promising solutions for high-speed transit, offering self-stability, simplicity, and reliability. These systems utilize the pinning effect between superconducting bulks beneath the vehicle and a permanent magnet guideway (PMG) to achieve levitation and guidance, with propulsion provided by a linear motor. However, the train is subjected to random excitations due to geometric and magnetic field irregularities of the PMG. While much of the existing research has concentrated on mitigating car body vibration for enhanced ride comfort, the issues related to frame vibration and the maintenance of consistent linear motor air gaps are still not fully addressed. This study introduces a secondary semi-active suspension device aimed at attenuating frame vibration in the HTS pinning maglev system. The research initially establishes a vehicle model based on an existing HTS pinning maglev test line and obtains track irregularity time-domain samples using the power spectral density (PSD) function. Classic semi-active control algorithms and the electromagnetic shunt damper (EMSD), enabling the implementation of semi-active control strategies, are then introduced. Subsequently, employing the groundhook linear (GH linear) control strategy, a vibration suppression model for the frame is established using the UM/Simulink co-simulation method. Finally, a comparison is made between the passive suspension system and the semi-active suspension system, with the Sperling index calculated to evaluate performance. The results affirm that this secondary semi-active suspension device not only significantly reduces frame vibration but also complies with ride comfort requirements, offering practical insights for future engineering applications.
Vibration model analysis and all-modal control of a rigid–flexible satellite in large-range planar motion
Authors: Han Zeqiang , Xia Hongwei , Wang Guan , Ma Guangcheng
Published: June 2024

This paper considers the modeling and control of the rigid–flexible satellite in large-range planar motion. Employing Hamilton’s principle, a novel modeling of planar motion is obtained to describe the relationship between vibration and planar motion. Furthermore, nonlinear terms in the vibration dynamics are analyzed, and the influence of rotation on the stiffness of the flexible appendage is discussed through numerical computation and theoretical deduction. We proposed the all-modal control method to control the vibration completely, and real vibration control load is synthesized with all-modal controllers. Eventually, numerical simulations are presented to validate the effectiveness of the controller in planar motion.
Problem-Based Learning: Media and Information Literacy Project to Combat Misinformation for Future Communicators
Authors: Yee Kow Kwan , Huey Shyh Tan
Published: June 2024

Media and Information Literacy (MIL) education can combat online misinformation by enhancing users’ fact-checking skills. This action research study designed and implemented a problem-based learning MIL project for journalism undergraduates. The objectives are (a) to design a MIL project by using a problem-based learning methodology; (b) to implement the MIL project and to assess its effectiveness in improving students’ fact-checking skills; and (c) to identify the challenges and limitations of implementing the project. Analysis shows that the MIL project successfully improved students’ MIL skills, including critical analysis, media production, and personal growth. Despite facing challenges like time constraint and limited generalizability, the study suggests that the MIL project could be replicated in other journalism programs to enhance MIL skills and cultivate critical thinking to fight misinformation.
A Peaceful Transfer of Power? A Content Analysis of Leadership Framing and Political Discourse in r/Politics and r/Conservative Following the 2021 U.S. Capitol Riot
Authors: Hale Brent J. , Alberti Laura
Published: June 2024

The 2021 U.S. Capitol riot disrupted the transition of presidential power, influencing how the American public viewed President Trump and President Biden. Through a content analysis, this study investigated how users of two Reddit communities—r/politics and r/conservative—framed these leaders in the riot’s aftermath. This study finds that users were specifically concerned with presidential behavior, conflict, and U.S. democracy. Moreover, portrayals of President Trump normalized by the end of President Biden’s first 100 days. These findings contribute to scholarship examining social media data during political instability and elucidate how the U.S. Capitol riot influenced political discourse within social media.
The Impact of Social Media Analytics and Intraorganizational Communication on Media Institutions’ Decision Effectiveness and Service Innovation
Authors: Moayad Haitham Gouda , Abdellatif Mamdouh Abdallah Mohamed , Mohamed Ali Sayed , Abdelhafez Ahmed Kamal Ahmed
Published: June 2024

This article explores the nexus between social media analytics (SMA), intraorganizational communication (IOC), decision effectiveness, and service innovation, and the moderating and mediating roles of IOC and decision effectiveness were scrutinized. We obtained data from digital content managers in Egyptian media institutions. Results delineate that SMA capabilities positively influence media institutions’ decision effectiveness and service innovation. Decision effectiveness serves as a driving force for service innovation, mediating the relationship between SMA capabilities and service innovation. IOC did not amplify the effect of SMA capabilities on decision effectiveness within the Egyptian media context. Implications for theory and practice are offered.