bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APOGEE Data Releases 13 and 14: Stellar Parameter and Abundance Comparisons with Independent Analyses
Authors: Jönsson Henrik , Prieto Carlos Allende , Holtzman Jon A. , Feuillet Diane K. , Hawkins Keith , Cunha Katia , Mészáros Szabolcs , Hasselquist Sten , Fernández-Trincado J. G. , García-Hernández D. A. , Bizyaev Dmitry , Carrera Ricardo , Majewski Steven R. , Pinsonneault Marc H. , Shetrone Matthew , Smith Verne , Sobeck Jennifer , Souto Diogo , Stringfellow Guy S. , Teske Johanna , Zamora Olga
Published: August 2018

Data from the SDSS-IV/Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2) have been released as part of SDSS Data Releases 13 (DR13) and 14 (DR14). These include high-resolution H-band spectra, radial velocities, and derived stellar parameters and abundances. DR13, released in 2016 August, contained APOGEE data for roughly 150,000 stars, and DR14, released in 2017 August, added about 110,000 more. Stellar parameters and abundances have been derived with an automated pipeline, the APOGEE Stellar Parameter and Chemical Abundance Pipeline (ASPCAP). We evaluate the performance of this pipeline by comparing the derived stellar parameters and abundances to those inferred from optical spectra and analysis for several hundred stars. For most elements—C, Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ca, Cr, Mn, Ni—the DR14 ASPCAP analyses have systematic differences with the comparisons samples of less than 0.05 dex (median), and random differences of less than 0.15 dex (standard deviation). These differences are a combination of the uncertainties in both the comparison samples as well as the ASPCAP analysis. Compared to the references, magnesium is the most accurate alpha-element derived by ASPCAP, and shows a very clear thin/thick disk separation, while nickel is the most accurate iron-peak element (besides iron itself).
APOGEE Data Releases 13 and 14: Data and Analysis
Authors: Holtzman Jon A. , Hasselquist Sten , Shetrone Matthew , Cunha Katia , Prieto Carlos Allende , Anguiano Borja , Bizyaev Dmitry , Bovy Jo , Casey Andrew , Edvardsson Bengt , Johnson Jennifer A. , Jönsson Henrik , Meszaros Szabolcs , Smith Verne V. , Sobeck Jennifer , Zamora Olga , Chojnowski S. Drew , Fernandez-Trincado Jose , Hernandez Anibal Garcia , Majewski Steven R. , Pinsonneault Marc , Souto Diogo , Stringfellow Guy S. , Tayar Jamie , Troup Nicholas , Zasowski Gail
Published: August 2018

The data and analysis methodology used for the SDSS/APOGEE Data Releases 13 and 14 are described, highlighting differences from the DR12 analysis presented in Holtzman et al. Some improvement in the handling of telluric absorption and persistence is demonstrated. The derivation and calibration of stellar parameters, chemical abundances, and respective uncertainties are described, along with the ranges over which calibration was performed. Some known issues with the public data related to the calibration of the effective temperatures (DR13), surface gravity (DR13 and DR14), and C and N abundances for dwarfs (DR13 and DR14) are highlighted. We discuss how results from a data-driven technique, The Cannon, are included in DR14 and compare those with results from the APOGEE Stellar Parameters and Chemical Abundances Pipeline. We describe how using The Cannon in a mode that restricts the abundance analysis of each element to regions of the spectrum with known features from that element leads to Cannon abundances can lead to significantly different results for some elements than when all regions of the spectrum are used to derive abundances.
Exploring Shear-free Ringlet Formation with Direct Simulations of Saturn's B Rings
Authors: Lu Yuxi , Ballouz Ronald-Louis , Richardson Derek C.
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we study the effect of interparticle cohesion in numerical simulations of Saturn’s main rings. Theoretical studies propose that the irregular structure in Saturn’s rings may arise from alternating “solid” and “liquid” ring material. These studies suggest that for sufficiently high interparticle cohesion, shear-free rings around Saturn may form. We use a highly optimized N-body code that models particle self-gravity, soft-sphere collisions, and interparticle cohesion to simulate a patch of Saturn’s rings with periodic boundaries. We present results for nine different cohesion values ranging from 5.0 × 10−2 to 7.0 Pa, dynamical optical depths of 0.8, 1.4, and 1.8, particle material densities of 0.5 and 1 g cm−3, and restitution coefficients of 0.8 and 0.55. Our simulations show a transition of ring particles forming self-gravity wakes to forming structureless uniform distributions of smaller and faster-moving clumps as cohesion increases. The transition from wakes to structureless form occurs at lower inner-particle cohesion values for higher dynamical optical depth. We present an analysis of the physical optical depth, particle number density, and structure characteristics in the simulations at equilibrium. For high cohesion values, energy injection from differential shear causes transient large structures to rotate and collide at high speed, breaking them apart, ultimately limiting the clump size and frustrating the formation of shear-free zones.
Two Warm, Low-density Sub-Jovian Planets Orbiting Bright Stars in K2 Campaigns 13 and 14
Authors: Yu Liang , Rodriguez Joseph E. , Eastman Jason D. , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Shporer Avi , Gaudi B. Scott , Burt Jennifer , Fulton Benjamin J. , Sinukoff Evan , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Kosiarek Molly R. , Ciardi David R. , Schlieder Joshua E. , Penev Kaloyan , Vanderburg Andrew , Stassun Keivan G. , Bieryla Allyson , Butler R. Paul , Berlind Perry , Calkins Michael L. , Esquerdo Gilbert A. , Latham David W. , Murawski Gabriel , Stevens Daniel J. , Petigura Erik A. , Kreidberg Laura , Bristow Makennah
Published: August 2018

We report the discovery of two planets transiting the bright stars HD 89345 (EPIC 248777106, V = 9.376, K = 7.721) in K2 Campaign 14 and HD 286123 (EPIC 247098361, V = 9.822, K = 8.434) in K2 Campaign 13. Both stars are G-type stars, one of which is at or near the end of its main-sequence lifetime, and the other is just over halfway through its main-sequence lifetime. HD 89345 hosts a warm sub-Saturn (0.66 

, 0.11 

,

 = 1100 K) in an 11.81 day orbit. The planet is similar in size to WASP-107b, which falls in the transition region between ice giants and gas giants. HD 286123 hosts a Jupiter-sized, low-mass planet (1.06 

, 0.39

,

 = 1000 K) in an 11.17 day, mildly eccentric orbit, with e = 0.255 ± 0.035. Given that they orbit relatively evolved main-sequence stars and have orbital periods longer than 10 days, these planets are interesting candidates for studies of gas planet evolution, migration, and (potentially) reinflation. Both planets have spent their entire lifetimes near the proposed stellar irradiation threshold at which giant planets become inflated, and neither shows any sign of radius inflation. They probe the regime where inflation begins to become noticeable and are valuable in constraining planet inflation models. In addition, the brightness of the host stars, combined with large atmospheric scale heights of the planets, makes these two systems favorable targets for transit spectroscopy to study their atmospheres and perhaps provide insight into the physical mechanisms that lead to inflated hot Jupiters.
The Origin of the Ha-like Structure in Nebular Spectra of Type IIb Supernovae
Authors: Fang 方其 Qiliang 亮 , Maeda Keiichi
Published: August 2018

We investigate the origin of the Hα-like structure seen in late-phase nebular spectra of type IIb supernovae (SNe IIb) at ∼200 days after the explosion. We compare the luminosities of the emission lines of the nebular spectra with the light curve peak magnitudes to reveal their power sources. In this work, we analyze 7 SNe IIb, as well as 2 SNe Ib (SN 2007Y and iPTF 13bvn), which show the Hα-like emission in their nebular spectra. The luminosity of the Hα-like emission shows a tight correlation with the light curve peak magnitude, sharing the same behavior as other nebular lines. This result indicates that the Hα-like emission is powered by the radiative decay of 56Co. The line flux is then expected to roughly follow the mass of the emitting layer. The variation expected from the diversity of the H-rich envelope mass among SNe IIb (reaching nearly to an order of magnitude) is however not seen, suggesting that it is most likely contributed predominantly by [N ii], not by Hα. While further analysis is limited by the available sample size, we find an indication that SNe IIb with a double-peak light curve, which is interpreted as an outcome of the more extended and massive hydrogen envelope, tend to show greater luminosity of the Hα-like feature than those with a single-peak light curve. This behavior indicates a possible additional contribution from Hα. Additionally, we also find a correlation between the [Ca ii]/[O i] ratio and the post-maximum decline rate, indicating that the [Ca ii]/[O i] can be used as a diagnostic for the progenitor mass.
Results from a Systematic Survey of X-Ray Emission from Hydrogen-poor Superluminous SNe
Authors: Margutti R. , Chornock R. , Metzger B. D. , Coppejans D. L. , Guidorzi C. , Migliori G. , Milisavljevic D. , Berger E. , Nicholl M. , Zauderer B. A. , Lunnan R. , Kamble A. , Drout M. , Modjaz M.
Published: August 2018

We present the results from a sensitive X-ray survey of 26 nearby hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) with Swift, Chandra, and XMM. This data set constrains the SLSN evolution from a few days until ∼2000 days after explosion, reaching a luminosity limit L

x
 ∼ 1040 erg s−1 and revealing the presence of significant X-ray emission possibly associated with PTF 12dam. No SLSN-I is detected above

, suggesting that the luminous X-ray emission L

x
 ∼ 1045 erg s−1 associated with SCP 60F6 is not common among SLSNe-I. We constrain the presence of off-axis gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets, ionization breakouts from magnetar engines and the density in the sub-parsec environments of SLSNe-I through inverse Compton emission. The deepest limits rule out the weakest uncollimated GRB outflows, suggesting that if the similarity of SLSNe-I with GRB/SNe extends to their fastest ejecta, then SLSNe-I are either powered by energetic jets pointed far away from our line of sight (θ > 30°), or harbor failed jets that do not successfully break through the stellar envelope. Furthermore, if a magnetar central engine is responsible for the exceptional luminosity of SLSNe-I, our X-ray analysis favors large magnetic fields

G and ejecta masses

, in agreement with optical/UV studies. Finally, we constrain the pre-explosion mass-loss rate of stellar progenitors of SLSNe-I. For PTF 12dam we infer

, suggesting that the SN shock interaction with an extended circumstellar medium is unlikely to supply the main source of energy powering the optical transient and that some SLSN-I progenitors end their lives as compact stars surrounded by a low-density medium similar to long GRBs and type Ib/c SNe.
The Photochemistry of Purine in Ice Analogs Relevant to Dense Interstellar Clouds
Authors: Materese Christopher K. , Nuevo Michel , McDowell Brittiana L. , Buffo Christina E. , Sandford Scott A.
Published: August 2018

The aromatic nitrogen heterocyclic compound purine is the core structural framework of many important biomolecules, particularly nucleobases. Purine and purine derivatives have been observed in carbonaceous chondrites, and it has been hypothesized that the exogenous delivery of these compounds, along with many other biologically relevant compounds, may have played a role in the emergence of life. Numerous experiments in our laboratory have demonstrated that the nucleobases used by life to encode genetic material could have been produced abiotically under astrophysically relevant conditions. Specifically, the UV photoprocessing of pyrimidine and purine in simple ices of astrophysical interest has resulted in the production of all five biological nucleobases, namely, uracil (RNA), cytosine (RNA and DNA), thymine (DNA), adenine (RNA and DNA), and guanine (RNA and DNA). Additionally, follow-up work has examined the photochemistry of pyrimidine in more complex astrophysical ice mixtures to better understand the formation of these compounds under realistic conditions. In this work, we examine the photochemistry of purine in more complex ices of astrophysical interest and compare our results with those from simpler ice mixtures. We also examine the effects of competing parallel synthesis of organic compounds in the ices (unrelated to purine). Finally, we discuss the astrophysical and astrobiological implications of our findings.
The TRENDS High-contrast Imaging Survey. VII. Discovery of a Nearby Sirius-like White Dwarf System (HD 169889)
Authors: Crepp Justin R. , Gonzales Erica J. , Bowler Brendan P. , Morales Farisa , Stone Jordan , Spalding Eckhart , Vaz Amali , Hinz Philip , Ertel Steve , Howard Andrew , Isaacson Howard
Published: August 2018

Monitoring the long-term radial velocity (RV) and acceleration of nearby stars has been proven as an effective method for directly detecting binary and substellar companions. Some fraction of nearby RV trend systems are expected to be comprised of compact objects that likewise induce a systemic Doppler signal. In this paper, we report the discovery of a white dwarf (WD) companion found to orbit the nearby (π = 28.297 ± 0.066 mas) G9 V star HD 169889. High-contrast imaging observations using NIRC2 at the W. M. Keck Observatory and LMIRCam at the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) Observatory uncover the (ΔH = 9.76 ± 0.16, ΔL′ = 9.60 ± 0.03) companion at an angular separation of 0.″8 (28 au). Thirteen years of precise Doppler observations reveal a steep linear acceleration in the RV time series and place a dynamical constraint on the companion mass of M ≥ 0.369 ± 0.010 M
⊙. This “Sirius-like” system adds to the census of WD companions suspected to be missing from surveys of in the solar neighborhood.
Galileon Intermediate Inflation
Authors: Teimoori Zeinab , Karami Kayoomars
Published: August 2018

We investigate intermediate inflation in the framework of a Galileon scalar field. To this aim, we first obtain the inflationary observables, including the scalar spectral index, the tensor-to-scalar ratio, the running of the scalar spectral index, as well as the non-Gaussianity parameters. Then, we examine the observational viability of the intermediate inflation within the framework of a Galileon scenario. Our results show that although the prediction of intermediate inflation in the standard framework is completely ruled out by the Planck 2015 observations, it can be put inside the allowed regions of the Planck 2015 TT,TE,EE+lowP data in the Galileon setting. Moreover, we determine the parameter space of the Galileon intermediate inflation for which the model is consistent with the Planck 2015 data. Besides, we derive the consistency relation in the Galileon scenario, and find that it differs from the standard inflation. We also estimate the running of the scalar spectral index and find that it is in well agreement with the 95% CL constraint of the Planck 2015 results. Finally, we evaluate the local, equilateral, orthogonal, and enfolded non-Gaussianity parameters, and conclude that not only is the shape of non-Gaussianity approximately close to the equilateral one, but that it also satisfies the 68% CL bound from the Planck 2015 data.
Relationships between Hi Gas Mass, Stellar Mass, and the Star Formation Rate of HICAT+WISE (H i-WISE) Galaxies
Authors: Parkash Vaishali , Brown Michael J. I. , Jarrett T. H. , Bonne Nicolas J.
Published: August 2018

We have measured the relationships between H i mass, stellar mass, and star formation rate using the Hi Parkes All-Sky Survey Catalog (HICAT) and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). Of the 3513 HICAT sources, we find 3.4 μm counterparts for 2896 sources (80%), and provide new WISE-matched aperture photometry for these galaxies. For our principal sample of spiral galaxies with W1 ≤ 10 mag and z ≤ 0.01, we identify H i detections for 93% of the sample. We measure lower H i–stellar mass relationships for H i-selected samples that do not include spiral galaxies with little H i gas. Our observations of the spiral sample show that H i mass increases with stellar mass with a power-law index of 0.35; however, this value is dependent on T-type, which affects both the median and the dispersion of Hi mass. We also observe an upper limit on the H i gas fraction, which is consistent with a halo spin parameter model. We measure the star formation efficiency of spiral galaxies to be constant at 10−9.57 yr−1 ± 0.4 dex for 2.5 orders of magnitude in stellar mass, despite the higher stellar mass spiral showing evidence of quenched star formation.
A Statistical Study to Determine the Origin of Long-duration Gamma-Ray Flares
Authors: Winter L. M. , Bernstein V. , Omodei N. , Pesce-Rollins M.
Published: August 2018

Two scenarios have been proposed to account for sustained ≥30 MeV gamma-ray emission in solar flares: (1) prolonged particle acceleration/trapping involving large-scale magnetic loops at the flare site, and (2) precipitation of high-energy (>300 MeV) protons accelerated at coronal/interplanetary shock waves. To determine which of these scenarios is more likely, we examine the associated soft X-ray flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and solar energetic proton events for (a) the long-duration gamma-ray flares (LDGRFs) observed by the Large Area Telescope on Fermi, and (b) delayed and/or spatially extended high-energy gamma-ray flares observed by the Gamma-ray Spectrometer on the Solar Maximum Mission, the Gamma-1 telescope on the Gamma satellite, and the Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory. For the Fermi data set of 11 LDGRFs with >100 MeV emission lasting for ≥∼2 hr, we search for associations and reverse associations between LDGRFs, X-ray flares, CMEs, and SEPs, i.e., beginning with the gamma-ray flares and also, in turn, with X-class soft X-ray flares, fast (≥1500 km s−1) and wide CMEs, and intense (peak flux ≥2.67 × 10−3 protons cm−2 s−1 sr−1, with peak to background ratio >1.38) >300 MeV SEPs at 1 au. While LDGRFs tend to be associated with bright X-class flares, we find that only one-third of the X-class flares during the time of Fermi monitoring coincide with an LDGRF. However, nearly all fast, wide CMEs are associated with an LDGRF. These preliminary association analyses favor the proton precipitation scenario, although there is a prominent counter-example of a potentially magnetically well-connected solar eruption with >100 MeV emission for ∼10 hr for which the near-Earth >300 MeV proton intensity did not rise above background.
All Transverse Motion Is Peculiar: Connecting the Proper Motions of Galaxies to the Matter Power Spectrum
Authors: Darling Jeremy , Truebenbach Alexandra E.
Published: August 2018

In an isotropic and homogeneous Hubble expansion, all transverse motion is peculiar. Like the radial peculiar velocities of galaxies, transverse peculiar velocities are a means to trace the density of matter that does not rely on light tracing mass. Unlike radial peculiar velocity measurements that require precise redshift-independent distances in order to distinguish between the Hubble expansion and the observed redshift, transverse peculiar velocities can be measured using redshifts alone as a proxy for distance. Extragalactic proper motions can therefore directly measure peculiar velocities and probe the matter power spectrum. Here we develop two-point transverse velocity correlation statistics and demonstrate their dependence on the matter power spectrum. We predict the power in these correlation statistics as a function of the physical separation, angular separation, and distance of pairs of galaxies and demonstrate that the effect of large-scale structure on transverse motions is best measured for pairs of objects with comoving separations less than about 50 Mpc. Transverse peculiar velocities induced by large-scale structure should be observable as proper motions using long baseline radio interferometry or space-based optical astrometry.
The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS). XXXI. The Kinematics of Intracluster Globular Clusters in the Core of the Virgo Cluster
Authors: Longobardi Alessia , Peng Eric W. , Côté Patrick , Mihos J. Christopher , Ferrarese Laura , Puzia Thomas H. , Lançon Ariane , Zhang Hong-Xin , Muñoz Roberto P. , Blakeslee John P. , Guhathakurta Puragra , Durrell Patrick R. , Sánchez-Janssen Rúben , Toloba Elisa , Jordán Andrés , Eyheramendy Susana , Cuillandre Jean-Charles , Gwyn Stephen D. J. , Boselli Alessandro , Duc Pierre-Alain , Liu Chengze , Alamo-Martínez Karla , Powalka Mathieu , Lim Sungsoon
Published: August 2018

Intracluster (IC) populations are expected to be a natural result of the hierarchical assembly of clusters, yet their low space densities make them difficult to detect and study. We present the first definitive kinematic detection of an IC population of globular clusters (GCs) in the Virgo cluster, around the central galaxy M87. This study focuses on the Virgo core, for which the combination of Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey photometry and follow-up spectroscopy allows us to reject foreground star contamination and explore GC kinematics over the full Virgo dynamical range. The GC kinematics changes gradually with galactocentric distance, decreasing in mean velocity and increasing in velocity dispersion, eventually becoming indistinguishable from the kinematics of Virgo dwarf galaxies at R > 320 kpc. By kinematically tagging M87 halo and intracluster GCs, we find that (1) the M87 halo has a smaller fraction (52 ± 3%) of blue clusters with respect to the IC counterpart (77 ± 10%), (2) the (g′−r′)0 versus (i′−z′)0 color–color diagrams reveal a galaxy population that is redder than the IC population, which may be due to a different composition in chemical abundance and progenitor mass, and (3) the ICGC distribution is shallower and more extended than the M87 GCs, yet still centrally concentrated. The ICGC specific frequency, S

N,ICL = 10.2 ± 4.8, is consistent with what is observed for the population of quenched, low-mass galaxies within 1 Mpc from the cluster’s center. The IC population at Virgo’s center is thus consistent with being an accreted component from low-mass galaxies tidally stripped or disrupted through interactions, with a total mass of

.
Nature of Magnetic Holes above Ion Scales: A Mixture of Stable Slow Magnetosonic and Unstable Mirror Modes in a Double-polytropic Scenario?
Authors: Zhang Lei , He Jiansen , Zhao Jinsong , Yao Shuo , Feng Xueshang
Published: August 2018

Magnetic holes are common features with a prominent dip of magnetic field strength in space plasma turbulence. As to their nature, there exists a dispute of explanations among discontinuities, magnetic reconnection, solitons, kinetic-scale electron vortexes, slow waves, and mirror-mode instability. As magnetic holes are often accompanied by thermal anisotropy, at magnetohydrodynamic scales double-polytropic equations can serve as an appropriate description. The reason for the long-lasting dispute lies in the fact that both mirror-mode structures and oblique slow-mode waves are characterized with anticorrelation between plasma density (or temperature) and magnetic field strength, which, as often used in preceding works, is also the characteristic feature of magnetic holes. Therefore, to finally and unambiguously diagnose the nature of magnetic holes above ion scales, we propose to resort to other features, among which v
∥ and its phase relation with

and n behave differently between mirror-mode structures and slow-mode waves. Herewith we establish a model with superposition of both slow and mirror modes to reproduce the observed types of behaviors

. This model inspires new understanding of the nature of magnetic holes: the magnetic hole in reality is not solely contributed by only one mode, but a mixture of the two modes with an adjustable amplitude ratio.
Tidally Induced Morphology of M33 in Hydrodynamical Simulations of Its Recent Interaction with M31
Authors: Semczuk Marcin , Łokas Ewa L. , Salomon Jean-Baptiste , Athanassoula E. , D’Onghia Elena
Published: August 2018

We present a hydrodynamical model of M33 and its recent interaction with M31. This scenario was previously proposed in the literature in order to explain the distorted gaseous and stellar disks of M33, as well as the increased star formation rate in both objects around 2 Gyr ago. We used an orbit integration scheme to find which estimate of the transverse velocity of M31 favors the interaction scenario more and then tried to reproduce it in our simulations. M33 was modeled as a stellar and gaseous disk embedded in a live dark matter halo, while M31 was approximated only with a live dark halo. In the simulations, the two galaxies passed each other with a pericenter distance of 37 kpc. Tides excited a two-armed spiral structure in the M33 disk, which is found to be the predominant spiral signal in the observed galaxy and has long been known as a feature easily induced by tidal interactions. We found that the gaseous warp produced by the interaction did not resemble enough the observed one, and we performed an additional simulation including the hot gas halo of M31 to show that this feature can be properly reproduced by tidal forces and ram pressure stripping acting simultaneously on the gaseous disk. In addition to the spiral arms, tidal forces produced a stellar stream similar to the one observed and triggered a star formation burst at radii similar to where it is observed.
SOFIA/FORCAST Observations of the Luminous Blue Variable Candidates MN 90 and HD 168625
Authors: Arneson Ryan A. , Shenoy Dinesh , Smith Nathan , Gehrz Robert D.
Published: August 2018

We present Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)/Faint Object infraRed CAmera for the SOFIA Telescope (FORCAST) imaging of the circumstellar dust shells surrounding the luminous blue variable candidates MN 90 and HD 168625 to quantify the mineral abundances of the dust and to constrain the evolutionary state of these objects. Our image at 37.1 μm of MN 90 shows a limb-brightened, spherical dust shell. A least-squares fit to the spectral energy distribution of MN 90 yields a dust temperature of 59 ± 10 K, with the peak of the emission at 42.7 μm. Using 2-Dust radiative transfer code, we estimate for MN 90 that mass loss occurred at a rate of (7.3 ± 0.4) × 10−7 

 × (v
exp/50

) to create a dust shell with a dust mass of (3.2 ± 0.1) × 10−2

. Our images between 7.7 and 37.1 μm of HD 168625 complement previously obtained mid-IR imaging of its bipolar nebulae. The SOFIA/FORCAST imaging of HD 168625 shows evidence for the limb-brightened peaks of an equatorial torus. We estimate a dust temperature of 170 ± 40 K for the equatorial dust surrounding HD 168625, with the peak of the emission at 18.3 μm. Our 2-Dust model for HD 168625 estimates that mass loss occurred at a rate of (3.2 ± 0.2) × 10−7

to create a dust torus/shell with a dust mass of (2.5 ± 0.1) × 10−3

.
Measuring the Flattening of the Outer F-corona Using STEREO-A/HI-1 Images
Authors: Stauffer Johnathan R. , Stenborg Guillermo , Howard Russell A.
Published: August 2018

The white-light Fraunhofer-corona (F-corona) arises from light scattered by the circumsolar dust. Using weekly minimum background models of ST-A/HI-1 observations, we characterized the flattening of the F-corona between 5° and 24° elongation by measuring the radii of constant-intensity contours along, and at a 25° angle to, the photometric axis. The ratio of these quantities (the pseudo-flattening index

f

˜

=

R

eq

/

R
(
25
°
)
−
1

) is analogous to the definition of the flattening index (

f
=

R

eq

/

R

pol

−
1

). Measurements of the pseudo-flattening in the north and south hemispheres reveal a periodic asymmetry in the appearance of the F-corona (attributable to changes in polar brightness due to the elevation of the spacecraft from the dust symmetry surface), as well as a north/south asymmetry possibly introduced by the warped dust symmetry surface. The north/south averaged pseudo-flattening was used to infer the flattening for each weekly model. We found that the inferred flattening index (1) varies periodically with spacecraft position, reaching a maximum in the range 262° ≲ λ ≲ 290° due to a brightening along the photometric axis when the spacecraft passes through the surface of maximum dust density, and a minimum at λ ≈ 200°, and (2) slightly varies as a function of time (at least partially due to the displacement of the circumsolar dust with respect to the Sun). Comparison of the flattening index with previous works suggests a cubic dependence of the flattening index with log elongation for

∣
ϵ
∣
≲
24
°

.
Synchrotron Maser from Weakly Magnetized Neutron Stars as the Emission Mechanism of Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Long Killian , Pe’er Asaf
Published: August 2018

The origin of fast radio bursts (FRBs) is still mysterious. All FRBs to date show extremely high brightness temperatures, requiring a coherent emission mechanism. Using constraints derived from the physics of one of these mechanisms, the synchrotron maser, as well as observations, we show that accretion-induced explosions of neutron stars with surface magnetic fields of B
* ≲ 1011 G are favored as FRB progenitors.
Insects as feed and the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Dicke M.
Published: August 2018

One of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations is to achieve food security and improved nutrition. To be successful in feeding the rapidly growing human population, we need innovative changes in food production. The challenge of safeguarding food security is considerable because many potential solutions are incompatible with solutions for other challenges that we face, including climate change mitigation and halting the biodiversity loss. To produce animal proteins, we currently rely to a large extent on feedstuff for livestock that is either suitable as food for humans (e.g. cereals and soymeal) or on a resource that is becoming scarce due to overfishing of the oceans (fishmeal). To set a first step towards a circular approach to feed production, insects provide interesting opportunities as various species can be reared on organic waste streams, including waste streams of food production and manure. This paper discusses the opportunities for using insects as a valuable feed source for the production of livestock. Insects do not only provide excellent opportunities to replace fishmeal and soymeal, but may also have important additional benefits. These include positive effects on livestock health and welfare with opportunities to reduce antibiotic use in livestock production. This is discussed in the integrated context of five of the sustainable development goals. Recent entrepreneurial and regulatory developments underline the opportunities for employing insects as feed. In this development an important indirect effect may be that consumers get acquainted with insects as a valuable and sustainable component of the food chain. This may result in the acceleration of adopting insects as food and thus of producing mini-livestock as a sustainable source of animal protein.
Sobre la identidad y el estatus de Desmanthus (Leguminosae, clado Mimosoideae) en Macaronesia
Authors: Verloove F. , Borges L. M.
Published: August 2018

En este artículo se reevalúa la identidad y grado de naturalización del género Desmanthus (Leguminosae, clado Mimosoideae) en diversas áreas de las Islas Canarias (Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura) y de Cabo Verde (Santo Antão, São Vicente). El estudio de los caracteres morfológicos del material vegetal permitió concluir que todos los especímenes deben ser asignados a D. pernambucanus, en lugar de a D. virgatus, como se pensaba hasta ahora. Los registros previos de D. virgatus para Macaronesia requieren confirmación, pero posiblemente sean todos erróneos. Desmanthus pernambucanus está bien establecido en la zona estudiada y el número de poblaciones se está incrementando. La especie puede ser clasificada como “mala hierba alóctona” o, incluso, como una especie transformadora en hábitats naturales, especialmente en barrancos. Los resultados también muestran que no siempre está clara la distinción entre D. pernambucanus y D. virgatus y que, generalmente, el estudio de material vivo es necesario para una identificación precisa.
Teaching Technology Usage in the ENT Medical Subdomain via a Flipped Classroom Approach
Authors: Koch Walter , Schachenreiter Jochen , Vogt Klaus , Koch Gerda , Göderle Wolfgang
Published: August 2018

The flipped classroom approach is supporting a continuous interaction of students and instructors via online communication and strengthens the ability to solve problems by self-organization. This is especially important in medical domains, like the one of ENT-Head/Neck (ENT: Ear-Nose-Throat) surgeries and treatment. Surgical corrections of the nasal airways, like FESS (Functional Endoscopy Sinus Surgery) or in the field of plastic surgery, are the second frequent surgical interventions in otorhinolaryngology. They have to be prepared very carefully and airflow simulation with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is gaining importance for diagnostics here. New in silico procedures, like imaging, 3D modelling, CFD simulation and analysis, are to be part of a standard clinical pathway in the ENT domain in the near future. The project Rhinodiagnost.eu for instance will extend the morphological diagnostics by detailed functional analysis, i.e. the visualization of the nasal air stream and the physical analysis of its energetic. In order to train ENT specialists on the new diagnostic aids Rhinodiagnost.eu will provide flipped classroom online lessons using the tool “Mediathread” of the Columbia University, as learning environment.
Co-construction of Knowledge in Work-Integrated E-learning Courses in Joint Industry-University Collaboration
Authors: Hattinger Monika , Eriksson Kristina
Published: August 2018

Blended e-learning in higher education targeting company knowledge needs, can support continuous competence development for practitioners in the manufacturing industry. However, university education is traditionally not designed for workplace knowledge needs that strengthen practitioners’ learning in everyday work, i.e. work-integrated learning. Designing for such learning efforts is even more challenging when the pedagogical strategy is to stimulate practitioners own work experiences as a valuable knowledge source in construction with other peers or teachers. The aim is to explore how engineering practitioners and research teachers mutually co-construct knowledge. In particular, three types of case-based methodologies are examined within a range of industry-targeted e-learning courses. The study is part of a longitudinal joint industry-university project. Eleven courses were analyzed through focus group sessions with 110 practitioners from 15 different companies. Results show that 1) Virtual digital cases stimulate high technology learning, but show low collaboration with peers, 2) On-line collaborative negotiation cases stimulate both web-conferencing and high interactivity, and 3) Real workplace cases do not stimulate e-learning, but motivate strong work-integrated learning and knowledge expansion.
Barriers to using E Learning in an Advanced Way
Authors: Jokiaho Annika , May Birgit , Specht Marcus , Stoyanov Slavi
Published: August 2018

E‑Learning has become a common way to teach and learn. The number of technologies for a variety of educational purposes is already quite high and constantly rising. Scientific experiments and studies increasingly confirm the usefulness of various technologies for teaching purposes. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of formal training and support of digital skills within faculty training. Studies that report the potential of E‑Learning are matched by those reporting the barriers. Universities throughout Europe have now established Learning Management Systems (LMS); instead of using these to their full potential, lecturers often just upload their syllabus and some reading material. At the same time, higher education institutions all over Europe are expected to implement innovative technologies and scenarios such as Open Educational Resources (OER) or Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), but only a small number of universities actually do so. What are the reasons for not utilizing the pedagogic potentials of E‑Learning? What findings does the current research provide on this topic? Which barriers can be derived from studies and what can be done to avoid them? What are the individual barriers of one institution or university? This contribution summarizes barriers that were identified in recent studies and discusses possible solutions to finding connections between barriers to mitigate the negative effects. It also describes a data collection method (group concept mapping) suitable for identifying the individual barriers at an institution or university using a study in the European ERASMUS+ project AduLeT (Advanced Use of Technologies in Higher Education) as an example.
Intervention for ADHD Child using the Montessori Method and ICTs.
Authors: Gkeka Eugenia G. , Gougoudi Αthanasia , Mertsioti Louisa , Drigas Athanasios S.
Published: August 2018

This article intends to address intervention strategies for children with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD), with references to aspects of the Montessori Method, combined to ICTs. Furthermore, new technologies, based on the Montessori philosophy (such as robotics) address behavioral as well as multisensory approach to ADHD using the senses of vision, hear and touch. In addition, these interventions can also contribute to regulate the child’s social-emotional adjustment and learning engagement. Multiple intervention strategies implemented within home and school environment can be effective for students with ADHD.
Improved Energy Management Performance for Hierarchical Routing in WSNs
Authors: Rayri Yassine , Kharraz Aroussi Hatim , Mouloudi Abdelaziz
Published: August 2018

The rapidly evolving of technology in the area of communication and information, allowed the creation of a new device called wireless sensor. This small device allows measuring physical phenomenon quantity in environment such as light, pressure, temperature and transforming it autonomously into a digital value, In order to send to one or several points of collections, which is going to be processed.  However, a wireless sensor network (WSN) is a network formed by a large number of sensor nodes, which are able to acquire, aggregate compress and to transmit data towards a base station. However, several constraints complicate the deployment and management of wireless sensor networks. The economy of energy is among the major issues of these networks, and it is difficult even impossible to replace the sensors or their battery because of the location of deployment that is often inaccessible. Among Scientifics researches, we find the improvement the energy management in WSNs. In this paper, we propose a new routing protocol based on clustering. The purpose is to have an equal distribution of the energy throughout the network
Mobile e-Governance in Cloud
Authors: Mustafa Kujtim , Shabani Isak
Published: August 2018

We are living in the era of internet and smartphones. Almost everybody in developing countries has at least one smartphone or connection to the internet through any other mobile device. So developing mobile software for the people or government is a big chance to make people life easier. The time has become a very important factor for which you can’t even pay for extra time, so making life easier for those people who don’t have time is big chance not losing it. All the data that are generated from the software or services is the best match to store those data on cloud, with which we don’t care about privacy and protection, availability to access them, manipulation of them and so on. In this paper, we describe how this newly emerged paradigm of cloud computing can be helpful for mobile e-Governance. Using cloud of course has a cost, but if you can’t give the same conditions that cloud gives, it is best choice to store the data on cloud. If we use cloud you don’t have to pay for all the IT staff who cares about the data, servers, databases, networks, with those money you can pay for cloud services. We start by an introduction about the cloud and e-Government, continuing with what the benefits and challenges of the e-Government and cloud are computing, the relationship of e-Government and cloud computing, mobile e-Governance in cloud and some examples of some countries that are using mobile e-Government in cloud.
Keywords: e-Government, e-Governance, Cloud Computing, Mobile, Data Storage
The Relevance of a Sound Closing Business Framework in Developing Countries
Authors: Garcia-Bolivar Omar
Published: August 2018

A sound framework for closing business is crucial for developing the economy. It breaks up nonviable businesses, saves viable businesses, and improves credit access. Many countries lack insolvency frameworks, ignore its usefulness, or disregard its applicability. Similarly, among many businesses, there is a lack of knowledge of the benefits of the insolvency regime. Latest developments of bankruptcy laws show that there are options other than mere liquidation of the business. Restructuring, ongoing concern sale, or piecemeal sale are some of the possibilities referenced in the chapter.
Cross-Border Insolvency Law in BRIC
Authors: Kashyap Amit Kumar , Bhandari Anchit , Tiwari Aakanksha
Published: August 2018

The effective cross-border insolvency regimes are absent in many emerging economies around the world, and the BRIC nations are not the exception to this fact. Nevertheless, law on cross-border insolvency, which establishes the international standard in this area, is not addressed by domestic laws of these nations. This has led to a glaring gap in international insolvency regime. Where there is the absence of any uniform and stable law, however, the UNCITRAL model law on cross-border insolvency establishes the international standard that could be followed by any country. The chapter addressed the insolvency law regime in BRIC nations and has made an attempt to analyze the cross-border insolvency regulations in said countries in light of UNICITRAL model law on cross-border insolvency.
Corporate Insolvency Law in India
Authors: Mann Yogendra Nath , Mann Kavindra Nath
Published: August 2018

The 2008 financial crisis was followed by a global economic downturn, a credit crunch, and a reduction in cross-border lending, trade finance, and foreign direct investment, which adversely affected businesses around the world. The consequent increase in the number of firm insolvencies in the corporate sector highlights the need for commercial bankruptcy laws to liquidate efficiently unviable firms and reorganize viable ones, so as to maximize the total value of proceeds received by creditors, shareholders, employees, and other stakeholders. India's weak insolvency regime, its significant inefficiencies, and systematic abuse are some of the reasons for the distressed state of credit markets in India today. The Code promises to bring about far-reaching reforms with a thrust on creditor driven insolvency resolution. It aims at early identification of financial failure and maximizing the asset value of insolvent firms. The Code also has provisions to address cross-border insolvency through bilateral agreements and reciprocal arrangements with other countries.
Does Corporate Governance Prevent Corporate Debacles?
Authors: Rahman Haseeb Ur , Rehman Saeeda , Zahid Muhammad , Jan Amin , Rehman Alam
Published: August 2018

The renowned agency theory and thus most of the corporate governance (CG) regulations stress upon the independence of corporate boards and its various committees such as nomination and audit, among others. However, the review of the specific previous empirical literature does not fully support this public myth by unveiling that independence-related CG practices such as separate leadership structure, the majority of independent directors on the board, and independence of the nomination and audit committees could not escape the demise of Enron, WorldCom, and Global Crossing in the USA. Also, these CG practices could not avoid the fiasco of the Linear Corporation, Kenmark, and Sime Darby in Malaysia at the dawn of the twenty-first century. The review infers that despite a pivotal role, it is not only the independence of the board and its committees that avoid corporate failures. Overall, this review has important insights for governments, regulators, policymakers, corporate boards, stock exchanges, and shareholders of both the developed and developing countries around the world.
Establishing a Learning Presence
Authors: Bosch Chantelle , Pool Jessica
Published: August 2018

Despite the overwhelming interest in the community of inquiry (CoI) framework, there is a lack of research regarding the role of students' self-directed learning (SDL) skills in a blended learning environment. This student self-regulation, therefore, serves as a basis for a new form of presence within the community of inquiry framework, described as “learning presence.” Although reports have been made on guidelines for the establishment of the initial presences in the community of inquiry framework, there is still a gap in the literature regarding the establishment of a learning presence. The purpose of this chapter is to report on what a learning presence is, and the authors propose a model as a guide to establish a learning presence. The findings of this qualitative study confirm that students can work self-directedly, and therefore, the combined blended learning design model can be used as a design tool to establish a learning presence.
Education for the Innovative Development of a Region
Authors: Epshtein Mikhail , Mikhelson Sergei
Published: August 2018

The chapter describes the possible mechanism of supporting the development of education in a region through an organization of interaction between education and businesses into a regional network of schools and their partners (representatives of science, higher education, high-tech businesses) keen on innovation as the resource of the region's development. Mechanisms for an organization of such a network are based on the model of the innovative complex in education as a mechanism to ensure innovative pedagogical community at the interregional and regional levels through an organization of interaction of scientists, teachers, administrators, and people in a business. The chapter represents five years of experience of implementation of this model in the frameworks of the ROSNANO School League, the Russian national network program, and its influence on the establishment of the regional networks.
Social Media Geographic Information
Authors: Campagna Michele , Floris Roberta , Massa Pierangelo , Mura Sara
Published: August 2018

Since last decade, advances in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) are increasingly enabling the voluntary sharing of user generated contents. Among different emerging digital resources, georeferenced multimedia data publicly shared through social media platforms, or Social Media Geographic Information is starting to stand out in quantity and value as data resource. In spatial planning, where the majority of information required to support analysis, design, and decision-making is inherently spatial in nature, SMGI may foster notable innovations in methodologies and practices, allowing the integration of both experiential and professional knowledge on places, events and ambient. However, this hypothesis should be carefully tested. With the above premises, this chapter more specifically concerns the concept of Social Media Geographic Information, arguing that it may represent an unprecedented resource for expressing pluralism in such domains as spatial planning where it may convey the community collective preferences contributing to enrich knowledge for decision-making.