bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of core–shell microcapsules via focused surface acoustic wave microfluidics
Authors: Jin Shaobo , Wei Xueyong , Ren Juan , Jiang Zhuangde , Abell Chris , Yu Ziyi
Published: July 2020

A method to produce core–shell microcapsules with a solid core or microdroplet core via FSAW microfluidics is demonstrated.
Anin vitrostudy of the cytotoxicity of TTF·TCNQ nanoparticles to mammalian cells
Authors: Chen Hongjie , Albérola Géraldine , de Caro Dominique , Faulmann Christophe , Golzio Muriel , Valade Lydie , Rols Marie-Pierre
Published: July 2020

Soluble functionalized TTF·TCNQ nanoparticles do not induce cell death at concentrations up to 50 μg mL−1, a promising feature for biomedical devices.
A fully diastereoselective oxidation of a mesoionic dipole with triplet molecular oxygen
Authors: García de la Concepción Juan , Ávalos Martín , Jiménez José L. , Cintas Pedro , Light Mark E.
Published: July 2020

A metal-free oxidation of a mesoionic dipole with atmospheric oxygen triggers a complex cascade reaction through spin intercrossing, as supported by computation, and leading to polycycles with complete diastereoselection.
Enhanced solar photothermal effect of PANi fabrics with plasmonic nanostructures
Authors: Nga Do T. , Phan Anh D. , Lam Vu D. , Woods Lilia M. , Wakabayashi Katsunori
Published: July 2020

The photothermal energy conversion in hanging and floating polyaniline (PANi)-cotton fabrics is investigated using a model based on the heat diffusion equation.
Density functional theory-based investigation of HCN and NH3 formation mechanisms during phenylalanine pyrolysis
Authors: Sun Baizhong , Liu Chuanqun , Che Deyong , Liu Hongpeng , Guo Shuai
Published: July 2020

As sludge pyrolysis produces large amounts of toxic NH3 and HCN, many works have studied nitrogen transfer during this process, commonly employing amino acids as models of sludge protein.
Weak polyelectrolyte brushes: re-entrant swelling and self-organization
Authors: Senechal Vincent , Saadaoui Hassan , Vargas-Alfredo Nelson , Rodriguez-Hernandez Juan , Drummond Carlos
Published: July 2020

We have studied the influence of pH and ionic strength on brushes of poly(acrylic acid) at grafting densities close to the mushroom-brush crossover. Heterogeneous morphology and non-monotonous variation of charge density with pH were observed.
Controlling the structures of organic semiconductor–quantum dot nanocomposites through ligand shell chemistry
Authors: Toolan Daniel T. W. , Weir Michael P. , Kilbride Rachel C. , Willmott Jon R. , King Stephen M. , Xiao James , Greenham Neil C. , Friend Richard H. , Rao Akshay , Jones Richard A. L. , Ryan Anthony J.
Published: July 2020

Structural insights via small angle X-ray and neutron (SAXS and SANS, respectively) into how nanocrystal quantum dots (QD) functionalized with organic ligands self-assemble with a small molecule organic semiconductor.
A facile approach to obtain highly tough and stretchable LAPONITE®-based nanocomposite hydrogels
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Niu Xiaofeng , Fu Zhinan , Liu Liqun , Bai Shengyu , Wang Jie , Li Li , Wang Yiming , Guo Xuhong
Published: July 2020

The dispersion of LAPONITE® sheets in aqueous media was dramatically increased upon addition of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), enabling the preparation of LAPONITE®-based nanocomposite hydrogels with further improved mechanical performances.
Interfacial synergy of Pd sites and defective BiOBr for promoting the solar-driven selective oxidation of toluene
Authors: Li Xiaoli , Wang Ting , Tao Xueqin , Qiu Ganhua , Li Can , Li Benxia
Published: July 2020

The enhanced charge separation and molecule activation at the Pd–BiOBr interface greatly promote the photocatalytic selective oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde.
Highly sensitive flexible NO2 sensor composed of vertically aligned 2D SnS2 operating at room temperature
Authors: Pyeon Jung Joon , Baek In-Hwan , Song Young Geun , Kim Gwang Su , Cho Ah-Jin , Lee Ga-Yeon , Han Jeong Hwan , Chung Taek-Mo , Hwang Cheol Seong , Kang Chong-Yun , Kim Seong Keun
Published: July 2020

Flexible sensor with ALD-synthesized SnS2 flakes achieve extremely high response to NO2 at room temperature.
Enlightening gallium nitride-based UV photodetectors
Authors: Aggarwal Neha , Gupta Govind
Published: July 2020

This article highlights the emerging demand for gallium nitride (GaN) semiconductor technology that offers superior optoelectronic properties making it suitable for futuristic ultraviolet (UV) photodetection applications.
Updating knowledge in multigranulation decision‐theoretic rough set model based on decision support degree
Authors: Lin Guoping , Liu Fengling , Chen Shengyu , Yu Xiaolong
Published: July 2020

Based on the majority rules, a multigranulation decision‐theoretic rough set model based on the decision support degree is proposed, in which the thresholds can be computed by the decision risk minimisation based on the Bayesian decision‐theoretic. In various practical situations, information systems may alter dynamically with time. Incremental learning is an alternative manner for maintaining knowledge by utilising previous computational results under dynamic data. Therefore, the authors investigate dynamic approaches to update the knowledge in the new model when adding or deleting granular structures. Besides, the corresponding dynamic and static algorithms are designed and their time complexities are analysed. Finally, comparative experiments by using six data sets from UCI are carried out; the results illustrate that the proposed dynamic algorithm is effective and is more efficient than the static algorithm.
Laboratory evidence for an asymmetric accretion structure upon slanted matter impact in young stars
Authors: Burdonov K. , Revet G. , Bonito R. , Argiroffi C. , Béard J. , Bolanõs S. , Cerchez M. , Chen S. N. , Ciardi A. , Espinosa G. , Filippov E. , Pikuz S. , Rodriguez R. , Šmíd M. , Starodubtsev M. , Willi O. , Orlando S. , Fuchs J.
Published: July 2020

Aims. Investigating the process of matter accretion onto forming stars through scaled experiments in the laboratory is important in order to better understand star and planetary system formation and evolution. Such experiments can indeed complement observations by providing access to the processes with spatial and temporal resolution. A previous investigation revealed the existence of a two-component stream: a hot shell surrounding a cooler inner stream. The shell was formed by matter laterally ejected upon impact and refocused by the local magnetic field. That laboratory investigation was limited to normal incidence impacts. However, in young stellar objects, the complex structure of magnetic fields causes variability of the incident angles of the accretion columns. This led us to undertake an investigation, using laboratory plasmas, of the consequence of having a slanted accretion impacting a young star.

Methods. Here, we used high power laser interactions and strong magnetic field generation in the laboratory, complemented by numerical simulations, to study the asymmetry induced upon accretion structures when columns of matter impact the surface of young stars with an oblique angle.

Results. Compared to the scenario where matter accretes perpendicularly to the star surface, we observe a strongly asymmetric plasma structure, strong lateral ejecta of matter, poor confinement of the accreted material, and reduced heating compared to the normal incidence case. Thus, slanted accretion is a configuration that seems to be capable of inducing perturbations of the chromosphere and hence possibly influencing the level of activity of the corona.
Possible mechanism for multiple changing-look phenomena in active galactic nuclei
Authors: Sniegowska M. , Czerny B. , Bon E. , Bon N.
Published: July 2020

Context. The changing-look phenomenon observed in a growing number of active galaxies challenges our understanding of the accretion process close to a black hole.

Aims. We propose a simple explanation for the sources where multiple semi-periodic outbursts are observed, and the sources are operating close to the Eddington limit.

Methods. The outburst are caused by the radiation pressure instability operating in the narrow ring between the standard gas-dominated outer disk and the hot optically thin inner advection-dominated accretion flow. The corresponding limit cycle is responsible for periodic outbursts, and the timescales are much shorter than the standard viscous timescale due to the narrowness of the unstable radial zone.

Results. Our toy model gives quantitative predictions and works well for multiple outbursts like those observed in NGC 1566, NGC 4151, NGC 5548, and GSN 069, although the shapes of the outbursts are not yet well modeled, and further development of the model is necessary.
LSTM-based Short-term Electrical Load Forecasting and Anomaly Correction
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yang Linghui , Gu Chengyu , Li Da
Published: July 2020

The Emergence of the Ubiquitous Power Internet of Things(UPIoT) facilitates data sharing and service expansion for the power system. Based on the architecture of the UPIoT and combined with deep learning technology, short-term electrical load forecasting and anomaly correction could be used to improve the overall performance. Since short-term electrical loads are non-linear and non-stationary [1] and could be easily affected by external interference, traditional load forecasting algorithms cannot recognize the correlation between the time sequence thus rendering low prediction accuracy. In this article, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based algorithm is proposed to improve the prediction accuracy by utilizing the correlation between the hourly load sequence. Then, the real-time forecasting outputs are compared to the raw data in order to detect and dynamically repair the anomaly so as to further improve the performance. Experiment results show that the proposed approach outputs low Mean Square Error (MSE) of around 0.2 and could still hold it at around 0.3 with corrected data when the anomaly is detected, which proves the accuracy and robustness of the algorithm.
EUV imaging and spectroscopy for improved space weather forecasting
Authors: Golub Leon , Cheimets Peter , DeLuca Edward E. , Madsen Chad A. , Reeves Katharine K. , Samra Jenna , Savage Sabrina , Winebarger Amy , Bruccoleri Alexander R.
Published: July 2020

Accurate predictions of harmful space weather effects are mandatory for the protection of astronauts and other assets in space, whether in Earth or lunar orbit, in transit between solar system objects, or on the surface of other planetary bodies. Because the corona is multithermal (i.e., structured not only in space but also in temperature), wavelength-separated data provide crucial information that is not available to imaging methods that integrate over temperature. The extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths enable us to focus directly on high temperature coronal plasma associated with solar flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and shocked material without being overwhelmed by intensity from the solar disk. Both wide-field imaging and spectroscopic observations of the solar corona taken from a variety of orbits (e.g., Earth, L1, or L5) using suitably-chosen EUV instrumentation offer the possibility of addressing two major goals to enhance our space weather prediction capability, namely: (1) Improve our understanding of the coronal conditions that control the opening and closing of the corona to the heliosphere and consequent solar wind streams, and (2) Improve our understanding of the physical processes that control the early evolution of CMEs and the formation of shocks, from the solar surface out into the extended corona.
Anästhesie für Patienten nach Transplantation abdomineller Organe
Authors: Greve Susanne , Palmaers Thomas
Published: July 2020

Eine immer weiterentwickelte und erfolgreiche Transplantationsmedizin sorgt für eine große Zahl an lebenden transplantierten Patienten. Ein anästhesiologisch tätiger Arzt muss damit rechnen, mit einem solchen Patienten in Berührung zu kommen. Neben der präoperativen Beurteilung der Vorerkrankungen, inklusive der Funktion des transplantierten Organs, kommt auch der Immunsuppression eine bedeutende Rolle zu. Diese muss perioperativ immer sorgfältig fortgeführt werden. Ein striktes Einhalten aller hygienischen Vorschriften ist bei diesen Patienten aufgrund der Immunsuppression und des damit verbundenen erhöhten Infektionsrisikos essenziell. Dazu gehört auch die strenge Nutzen-Risiko-Bewertung aller invasiven Maßnahmen.

Bei der Durchführung der Anästhesie und dem Einsatz der Anästhetika zeigen sich für diese Patienten keine wesentlichen Unterschiede zu nicht transplantierten Patienten, vielmehr muss hier das Augenmerk auf eine ausgeglichene Homöostase aller Organsysteme gerichtet werden.
Organspende – das Management von der Spenderevaluation bis zur Organentnahme
Authors: Logemann Frank
Published: July 2020

Das Transplantationsgesetz von 2019 fordert von allen Beteiligten mehr Engagement bei der Organspende. Kliniken und Transplantationsbeauftragte (TxB) erhalten damit vehemente Unterstützung, aber auch klar definierte Vorgaben für Supervision und Management. Elementar wichtig für den Erfolg des Organspendeprozesses ist die Steuerung durch die TxB. Diese wird im Folgenden von der Evaluation infauster Hirnschädigungen bis zur Organentnahme beleuchtet.
Leitlinien in der Praxis: Hygieneempfehlungen für die Regionalanästhesie
Authors: Volk Thomas , Kubulus Christine
Published: July 2020

Die wahre Inzidenz von Infektionskomplikationen im Zusammenhang mit Regionalanästhesie und -analgesie ist unbekannt, aber wie bei allen invasiven Verfahren besteht die Gefahr schwerer Folgeschäden. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick zu Hygienemaßnahmen basierend auf der S1-Leitlinie „Hygieneempfehlungen für die Regionalanästhesie“, aktuellen Empfehlungen des Robert Koch-Instituts und aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen. Grundlegende hygienische Standards (Ablegen von Schmuck, gründliche Händedesinfektion, saubere Umgebung) sind anzuwenden. Ein Mund-Nasen-Schutz, eine Kopfhaube und sterile Handschuhe sind ein essenzieller Bestandteil jeder Regionalanästhesie. Für Katheterverfahren soll zusätzlich ein steriler langärmliger Kittel getragen werden, außerdem ist ein steriler Überzug für die Ultraschallsonde zu verwenden (beim Legen eines Katheters auch eine sterile Ummantelung des Zuleitungskabels). Hautdesinfektionsmittel sollten alkoholbasiert sein und eine Substanz
mit Remanenzwirkung enthalten (z. B. Chlorhexidin oder Octenidin). Bei thorakalen Epiduralanästhesien eignet sich das Tunneln zur Infektionsprophylaxe. Unter Berücksichtigung von patientenbezogenen Faktoren (Diabetes, Adipositas, Immunsuppression) und je nach Verfahren (geplante Katheternutzung > 4 Tage, Einstichstelle des Katheters) kann eine Antibiotika-Prophylaxe in Erwägung gezogen werden.
Proximal Descending Thoracic Aortic Pseudoaneurysm Secondary to Pott's Spine
Authors: Madabhavi Irappa , Sarkar Malay , Chauhan Chidanand , Modi Mitul
Published: July 2020

Tuberculous pseudoaneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta is quite rare, life-threatening, and fatal if not diagnosed in time. This lesion exposes patients to a very high risk of unpredictable rupture. We describe a case of tuberculous pseudoaneurysm of the aorta in association with tuberculosis of the spine (Pott's spine). A 73-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of back pain. Chest roentgenography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a descending thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm with destruction of the fourth and fifth thoracic vertebrae (T4-T5). We suspected that the pseudoaneurysm was due to direct extension of tuberculous vertebral osteomyelitis. The patient was managed with antituberculous chemotherapy. The post–antitubercular therapy course was uneventful and he remained well 12 months after completion of treatment.
C(sp3)–H Bond Functionalization of Alcohols, Ketones, Nitriles, Ethers and Amides using tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide as a Radical Initiator
Authors: Wang Nai-Xing , Xing Yalan , Zhang Lei-Yang , Wu Yue-Hua
Published: July 2020

The C(sp3)–H bond is found widely in organic molecules. Recently, the functionalization of C(sp3)–H bonds has developed into a powerful tool for augmenting highly functionalized frameworks in organic synthesis. Based on the results obtained in our group, the present account mainly summarizes recent progress on the functionalization of C(sp3)–H bonds of aliphatic alcohols, ketones, alkyl nitriles, and ethers with styrene or cinnamic acid using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as a radical initiator.

1 Introduction

2 Oxidative Coupling of Styrenes with C(sp3)–H Bonds

3 Decarboxylative Cross-Couplings of α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids with C(sp3)–H Bonds

4 Conclusions
Intra-Axial Metastatic Angiosarcoma of the Central Nervous System Associated with Anemia, Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Short Survival
Authors: Cambruzzi Eduardo , dos Santos Júlia Rispoli , Pêgas Karla Lais , Nesi William Mazzuco , Kus William Pegoraro , Schiavo Felipe Lourezon , dos Santos Samir Cezimbra
Published: July 2020

Introduction Angiosarcoma (AG) is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that predominantly affects the soft tissues and, to variable degrees, expresses the morphological and functional characteristics of the endothelium. The incidence of sarcomas of the central nervous system (CNS) is low (0.5% to 2.7%), and AGs involving the brain are even rarer.

Case Description A 45-year-old male patient presented with complaints of headache, nausea, and vomiting. An examination showed bilateral papilledema and a right lung pleurotomy. The patient's previous history included drug addiction, pulmonary tuberculosis, lung abscess, pleural empyema, and pulmonary artery embolization for severe hemoptysis. Computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed a large intra-axial lesion extending into the right parietal and temporal lobes, with hemorrhagic zones. The patient underwent surgical resection of the lesion. Microscopy showed a poorly-differentiated, high-grade malignant tumor composed of plump/epithelioid cells forming small vascular spaces and solid nests, compatible with AG.In the postoperative period, the patient developed recurrent hemoptysis. A biopsy of the tissues adjacent to the pleurotomy determined the diagnosis of pulmonary AG. At 30 days after the resection, the patient died from hemoptysis, hemothorax, lung atelectasis, and intracranial hypertension related to the recurrence of the brain tumor.

Conclusion Angiosarcoma is a rare neoplasia related to short survival due to the high proliferative index, which must be considered in patients presenting hemorrhagic tumors. No specific genetic abnormalities have been described for this neoplasia.
Risk Factors for Stroke in Rural Population of Telangana State of India, an Unmatched Case Control Study
Authors: Prabhakar Subhashini , Suravarapu Sruthi , Mathai Dilip , Renangi Shivaiah , Challa Sairam
Published: July 2020

Context Stroke tops the list of causes for acquired disability among adults and is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Evidence from developed countries indicate significant decline in stroke incidence and mortality, attributable to prevention of risk factors in general population. There is limited evidence on risk factors for stroke in rural India.

Aims This study aims to ascertain the risk factors for stroke in rural Telangana and provide a guide to health care providers in adopting treatment and prevention strategies.

Settings and Design The study was conducted in the Moinabad mandal of Ranga Reddy District, Telangana state of India. This is a population based unmatched case–control study.

Methods and Materials All the houses of Moinabad were approached by a door-to-door survey to identify cases. A total of 288 persons were enrolled in the study which included 144 cases and 144 controls.

Statistical Analysis To derive age and gender adjusted odds ratios of various risk factors, binary logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results The estimated crude prevalence of stroke in Moinabad mandal is 257 per lakh population. Modifiable risk factors identified were, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, alcohol consumption, smoking, diastolic blood pressure, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and central obesity as measured by waist circumference. Nonmodifiable risk factors identified were male gender and higher age group.

Conclusion The high prevalence of stroke in rural Telangana makes it an important public health challenge for the state. The identified risk factors need to be addressed at population level.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices with Respect to Epilepsy among Nurses in the City of Niamey, Niger
Authors: Assadeck Hamid , Toudou-Daouda Moussa , Mamadou Zakaria , Moussa-Konate Mahadi , Douma-Maiga Dijbo , Sanoussi Samuila
Published: July 2020

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices about epilepsy among nurses in the city of Niamey, Niger, to identify existing gaps in their knowledge concerning epilepsy to formulate recommendations to improve the quality of care for people with epilepsy.

Materials and Methods We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional survey on epilepsy knowledge among nurses in the city of Niamey, using a self-administered questionnaire including questions related to knowledge about epilepsy.

Results A total of 98 nurses (29 men and 69 women) were included in the survey. The mean age of the participants was of 32.88 ± 10.87 years (range: 17–58 years). The sample consisted of 10.2% of student nurses, 64.3% of college patent, and 25.5% of bachelor nurses. Only 22.4% of participants reported having heard about epilepsy during their training programs. Among the respondents, 43.9% of them had already attended at least one epileptic seizure. Epilepsy is considered as a psychiatric illness and contagious disease by 11.2 and 19.4% of respondents, respectively. The main transmission routes reported were physical contact with an epileptic person (14.3%) and contact with saliva (4.1%). Epilepsy was considered as an incurable disease by 5.1% of respondents. When someone has an epileptic seizure, 10.2% of respondents think that physical contact with this person should be avoided to prevent from contamination. Only 6.1% of respondents had appropriate attitudes when someone has an epileptic seizure such as lying the patient on his side, clearing the airway if necessary, and diazepam injection.

Conclusion Considering that people with epilepsy are largely cared out by nurses in Niger, the results of the study justify the need to train nurses with respect to epilepsy to improve their knowledge about epilepsy and the care of people with epilepsy.
An Algorithmic Approach to Minimally Invasive Management of Nontraumatic Chylothorax
Authors: Goity Luis D. , Itkin Maxim , Nadolski Gregory
Published: July 2020

Chylothorax is a rare condition characterized by lymph accumulation in the pleural space. When it occurs independent of trauma, it is even more rare and difficult to treat as identification of lymphatic leak is unpredictable. In addition, treatment of this condition with conventional lymphangiography and thoracic duct embolization may not result in positive outcomes. As such, the role of contrast-enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance lymphangiography to guide treatment is key to maximizing success with the advantage of localizing the site of lymphatic leak. Herein, we summarize etiologies of nontraumatic chylothorax, offer an updated treatment algorithm to stratify affected patients and determine appropriate treatment options, and review procedural techniques critical to efficient and effective treatment.
Tribute to Theodor Kocher: Far Beyond an Anatomical Reference
Authors: Maset Angelo L. , de Morais Dionei Freitas , Calzolari Sérgio Ivo
Published: July 2020

We know Kocher's name as an anatomical reference in neurosurgery. In fact, Theodor Kocher was a Swiss general surgeon, and his contributions were such that Kocher was honored in 1909 with the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology, and he was the first surgeon to receive this honor. Kocher participated in the initial scientific phase of medicine, living with names that are in history, as well as him; Langenbeck and Virchow, Lucke, Billroth, Horsley, Lister, Halstedt, Pasteur, Osler, Lawson Tait, Verneuil, and a long list and other icons of the time. The present account rescues the many important facets and contributions of the Swiss surgeon Theodor Kocher, and his relationship with several of them. Kocher's memory, surgical instruments and literary production are preserved in a small wing of the University of Bern. The present article highlights how intense Kocher's dedication to the medical field was.
Liver Lymphatic Imaging and Interventions: Resurrection of the Forgotten Knowledge
Authors: Itkin Maxim , Rabinowitz Deborah , Hur Saebeom
Published: July 2020

Lymphatic imaging and interventions are gaining wider acceptance as the treatment of various lymphatic diseases. Meanwhile, the liver lymphatic system remains relatively unknown despite its physiological importance. Liver lymph has been at the center of the lymphatic research since the 19th century; however, the acquired knowledge has not been used in clinical research and treatment due to the lack of robust imaging methods. Recently introduced liver lymphangiography and interstitial embolization allow for the diagnosis and treatment of several diseases associated with the lymphatic system of the congested liver, providing additional treatment options for conditions that were considered incurable until now.
Leptin Levels, Basal Metabolic Rates, and Insulin Resistance in Obese Pubertal Children
Authors: Conterato Elisabete Vieira , Machado Tania Diniz , Nogueira-de-Almeida Carlos Alberto , Mello Elza Daniel
Published: July 2020

Introduction Obesity in children and adolescents is considered a serious public health problem. The consequences of overweight can last for life. It is extremely important to have formulas to calculate the basal metabolic rate (BMR) that are truly reliable in relation to the individual caloric expenditure.

Objectives To investigate the association of serum levels of leptin, lipid profile, and insulin resistance (insuline resistance by Homeostatic Model Assessment [HOMA] index) with the body mass index (BMI) z-score of pubertal obese children. In addition, to compare the basal metabolic rate (BMR) evaluation carried out using bioimpedance (BIA) with the Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) equation.

Methods Cross-sectional study including 37 pubertal obese children (aged 7 to 12 years old) seen for the first time in the outpatient care unit specialized in child obesity between June 2013 and April 2014. The participants were assessed regarding anthropometric data, body composition (fat mass) by BIA 310 bioimpedance analyzer (Biodynamic Body Composition Analyser, model 310 - Biodynamics Corporation, Seattle, EUA), and blood pressure. Blood samples were collected to measure glucose, insulin, lipid profile, triglycerides, and leptin. The stage of sexual maturity was determined by self-assessment according to the Tanner scale.

Results Higher leptin levels were found in the severe obesity group (p = 0.007) and, as expected, higher BMI (p < 0.001), and fat mass (p = 0.029). The groups did not differ in relation to insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and blood pressure. The BMR measured by bioimpedance was lower as compared to the measure by the FAO/WHO equation (p < 0.001).

Conclusions These results suggest that severely obese children may present leptin resistance in this early stage of life, (since this hormone is higher in these children). It is suggested that health professionals prioritize the calculation of BMR by bioimpedance, since the FAO/WHO equation seems to overestimate the caloric values.
Novel Changes in Resident Education during a Pandemic: Strategies and Approaches to Maximize Residency Education and Safety
Authors: Johnson Jared , Chung Michael T. , Carron Michael A. , Chan Eleanor Y. , Lin Ho-Sheng , Hotaling Jeffrey
Published: July 2020

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a reduction in surgical and clinical volume, which has altered the traditional training experience of the otolaryngology resident.

Objective To describe the strategies we utilized to maximize resident education as well as ensure patient and staff safety during the pandemic.

Methods We developed a system that emphasized three key elements. First and foremost, patient care remained the core priority. Next, clinical duties were restructured to avoid unnecessary exposure of residents. The third component was ensuring continuation of resident education and maximizing learning experiences.

Results To implement these key elements, our residency divided up our five hospitals into three functional groups based on geographical location and clinical volume. Each team works for three days at their assigned location before being replaced by the next three-person team at our two busiest sites. Resident teams are kept completely separate from each other, so that they do not interact with those working at other sites.

Conclusions Despite the daily challenges encountered as we navigate through the COVID-19 pandemic, our otolaryngology residency program has been able to establish a suitable balance between maintenance of resident safety and well-being without compromise to patient care.
Gynecological Surgery and COVID-19: What is the Impact and How Should I Manage it?
Authors: Rosa-e-Silva Julio Cesar , Ribeiro Paulo Ayroza , Brito Luiz Gustavo Oliveira , Gomes Mariano Tamura Vieira , Podgaec Sergio , Ribeiro Helizabet Salomão Abdalla Ayroza , Lino Carlos Augusto Pires Costa , Quintairos Ricardo , Primo Walquiria Quida Salles Pereira , Silva Filho Agnaldo Lopes da
Published: July 2020

It is estimated that around 28 million surgeries will be postponed or canceled worldwide as a result of this pandemic, causing a delay in the diagnosis and treatment of more than 2 million cancer cases. In Brazil, both the National Health Agency (ANS) and National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) advised the postponement of elective and non-essential surgeries, causing a considerable impact on the number of surgical procedures that decreased by 33.4% in this period. However, some women need treatment for various gynecological diseases that cannot be postponed. The purpose of this article is to present recommendations on surgical treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Laser-printed hollow nanostructures for nonlinear plasmonics
Authors: Cherepakhin Artem B. , Pavlov Dmitrii V. , Shishkin Ivan I. , Voroshilov Pavel M. , Juodkazis Saulius , Makarov Sergey V. , Kuchmizhak Aleksandr A.
Published: July 2020

Ultrafast deposition of laser energy to a thin substrate-supported Au film enables formation of unique 3D surface morphologies, hollow nanobumps, possessing prospective linear optical properties useful for advanced plasmonic biosensors and nanoscale light sources. Here, we study the nonlinear optical response of such nanostructures by measuring second harmonic generation (SHG) from the individual nanobumps and their ordered arrays supporting local- and lattice-type plasmons at near-infrared frequencies. The results reveal the maximal SHG yield for the isolated nanobump correlated with its geometry-defined electromagnetic near-field enhancement at fundamental frequency. Additional (up to 110-fold) SHG enhancement with respect to the signal from a smooth Au film is achieved via a positive feedback provided through proper arrangement of the resonant nanobumps into the array supporting surface plasmon polariton resonant excitation near the fundamental frequency. Our results substantiate the laser-printed nanobumps as an inexpensive and flexible platform for nanoscale infrared-to-visible light conversion that can be applied for nonlinear plasmonics.
Enhanced device performance via interfacial engineering in non-fullerene acceptor based organic solar cells
Authors: Azeez Abdul , Narayan K. S.
Published: July 2020

Introduction of interface layers can maximize the performance of certain organic solar cells. We demonstrate that high efficiency non-fullerene acceptor based solar cells can be further improved with the insertion of PC70BM as an interlayer between the electron transport layer and the active layer. The combination of ZnO and PC70BM layers between a cathode and a bulk heterojunction active layer appears to serve as a better selective contact by reducing charge transport barrier and recombination. The enhanced short-circuit current density (JSC) is characterized by a low series-resistance (<2 Ω cm2), improved charge collection efficiency, and power conversion efficiency. These features are reflected in impedance spectroscopy and electrical noise measurements and provide a route for large-area organic solar cells.
Corrigendum to: Production performance of laying hens at peak lay, sulfur compounds in manure, and selected serum profiles: efficacy of Lactobacillus species as probiotics
Authors: Saksrithai K. , Willits N. H. , King A. J.
Published: July 2020

ContextProbiotics have potential to improve health of laying hens, thus improving the overall quality of eggs.

AimsA study was conducted to evaluate the use of probiotics containing Lactobacillus species to improve egg quality and serum biochemistry, and to lower the concentration of sulfur-containing gas compounds from poultry manure.

MethodsNinety-six White Leghorn W-36 laying hens (32 weeks old) were randomly assigned to two feeding treatments: Control and Control + Probiotics. A combination of probiotics (Lactobacillus paracasei, L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus totalling 1 × 1012 CFU/kg feed) was provided for 8 weeks. At Weeks 0, 4 and 8, eggs were analysed for weight, shell thickness, albumen height and Haugh unit. Faecal matter was analysed for total sulfur, sulfate-sulfur and 20 reduced sulfur compounds. Blood serum was analysed for amylase, calcium, phosphate, total cholesterol and triglycerides.

Key resultsNo significant differences were observed between the two treatments for any of the parameters. Five sulfide gases were detected in manure: hydrogen sulfide (H2S), dimethyl sulfide (CH3)2S, methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS2). Ratios of various detectable gases were computed. Trends for ratios H2S:(CH3)2S, H2S:CS2, and H2S:COS from manure for both treatments were >1, whereas the ratios H2S:CH3SH and (CH3)2S:CH3SH were

ConclusionOverall, probiotics did not enhance production, egg quality or the serum profile.

ImplicationsPossibly, the concentration of probiotics was too high, limiting bacterial colonisation and beneficial effects.
Effects of 2,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl exposure during pregnancy on DNA methylation in the testis of offspring in the mouse
Authors: Zhang Jian-Mei , Wang Qiu-Yue , Han Xiao-Ying , He Qi-Long , Liu Li , Zhang Yong-Tao , Meng Xiao-Qian , Cheng Dong , Zhang Tian-Liang , Liu Shu-Zhen
Published: July 2020

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants, and the widespread use of PCBs has had adverse effects on human and animal health. This study experiment explored the effects of 2,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB118) on the mammalian reproductive system. PCB118 was administered to pregnant mice from 7.5 to 12.5 days of gestation; F1 mice were obtained and the reproductive system of F1 male mice was examined. PCB118 damaged the reproductive system in male F1 mice, as evidenced by negative effects on the testicular organ coefficient (testes weight/bodyweight), a decrease in the diameter of seminiferous tubules and a significant reduction in the anogenital distance in 35-day-old F1 mice. In addition, methylation levels of genomic DNA were reduced, with reductions in the expression of the DNA methyltransferases DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B, as well as that of the epigenetic regulatory factor ubiquitin like with PHD and ring finger domains 1 (Uhrf1). Together, the results of this study provide compelling evidence that exposure of pregnant mice to PCB118 during primordial germ cell migration in the fetus affects the reproductive system of the offspring and decreases global methylation levels in the testis.
Inferential comprehension, age and language
Authors: Lindgren Josefin , Bohnacker Ute
Published: July 2020

This study investigates story comprehension in 46
German-Swedish 4- to 6-year-old bilinguals growing up in Sweden. The
children’s inferential understanding of goals and emotions of story
characters in visually presented stories was assessed in both German and Swedish, using the comprehension questions from the Multilingual Assessment
Instrument for Narratives (MAIN; Gagarina et al., 2012, 2015) for the narrative tasks Cat/Dog and Baby Birds/Baby Goats.
We analysed effects of age, language, and narrative task on overall
comprehension scores and investigated whether comprehension scores were
influenced by expressive vocabulary knowledge, operationalized as scores on
a vocabulary task (Cross-Linguistic Lexical Task, CLT; Haman et al., 2015). Additionally,
response patterns for the different comprehension questions were
analysed.

We found effects of age, with 6-year-olds outperforming
4- and 5-year-olds, but no significant difference between the two younger
groups. The development with age was similar in both languages and was
consistent across tasks. The main effect of language was not significant,
but when German was tested first, the children performed lower in German
than in Swedish. When Swedish was tested first, no difference was found
between the languages. The effect of expressive vocabulary was not the same
in the two languages. In German, but not in Swedish, CLT expressive
vocabulary scores significantly predicted narrative comprehension scores.
The children’s inferential comprehension performance depended on the
narrative task used, with higher scores for MAIN Cat/Dog than Baby
Birds/Baby Goats, and response accuracy was also found to vary substantially
between different comprehension questions. Response patterns to individual
questions were strikingly similar in Swedish and German, suggesting
that they may generalize across languages. The results indicate that an
analysis of individual comprehension questions allows us to explore and
detect patterns not visible in overall scores.
Narrative comprehension by Croatian-Italian bilingual children 5–7 years
old
Authors: Roch Maja , Hržica Gordana
Published: July 2020

Objective. This study compares L1 and L2
receptive vocabulary, receptive grammar and narrative comprehension skills
in Croatian-Italian bilingual children. Moreover, the study aims to find out
to what extent receptive vocabulary and receptive grammar (sentence
comprehension) predict narrative comprehension skills.

Method. Thirty Croatian-Italian bilinguals
5–7 years old were assessed in L1 (Croatian) and L2 (Italian) narrative
comprehension (MAIN), receptive vocabulary (PPVT) and sentence comprehension
(TROG).

Results. Children performed better in their
L1 than in their L2 on all three measures of comprehension. Narrative
comprehension correlated with the two linguistic skills in L1 but weakly in
L2. Each measure correlated only with itself between L1 and L2. Regression
analyses showed that sentence comprehension contributed substantially to
narrative comprehension in L1 and L2, while receptive vocabulary contributed
substantially only in L1.

Conclusions. Narrative comprehension is
differently predicted by language skills in L1 and in L2. The contribution
of language skills is monolingual-like in L1 narrative comprehension (cf.
Florit, Roch, & Levorato,
2011); in L2 narrative comprehension vocabulary provides a weak
contribution. The results are discussed both theoretically, in terms of the
possible mechanism underlying narrative comprehension in bilingual speakers
and practically, in terms of bilingual language development.
Bilingual children’s lexical and narrative comprehension in Dutch as the
majority language
Authors: Blom Elma , Boerma Tessel
Published: July 2020

Background. Some studies find that
bilingual children perform below monolinguals on language measures, whereas
other studies report no differences. For the purpose of this study, we
investigated the Dutch lexical and narrative comprehension of bilingual
Tarifit-Dutch and Turkish-Dutch children. We compared the bilingual and
monolingual children’s performance. Within the bilingual groups, we explored
relationships with language input at home.

Methods. 114 children participated (38
Tarifit-Dutch, 31 Turkish-Dutch, 45 monolingual Dutch), most of whom were 5
or 6 years old at the first testing time (mean age = 5.71 years, standard
deviation = 0.64). The children were tested three times with one year
between each testing time. Lexical and narrative comprehension were
investigated with the Dutch version of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test
(PPVT; Schlichting, 2005) and the
Dutch version of the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives
(MAIN; Gagarina et al., 2012),
respectively. Both answers to listening comprehension questions and
questions after story generation were analyzed.

Results. Bilingual children performed
lower on lexical comprehension than monolingual children. Narrative comprehension showed few differences across the two groups: the monolinguals
performed slightly better on the comprehension questions after story
generation at time 1, but not at times 2 and 3. Between-group comparisons
within the bilingual group showed no differences in lexical comprehension of the
Turkish-Dutch and Tarifit-Dutch children. The Turkish-Dutch children
performed better than the Tarifit-Dutch children on narrative comprehension
after story generation (time 2). In the bilingual sample, most relations
between input at home and lexical and narrative comprehension were not
significant, except for the positive correlations between socioeconomic
status (SES) and lexical comprehension (times 2 and 3) in the Turkish-Dutch
sample and home language richness and listening comprehension in the
Tarifit-Dutch sample (time 1).

Conclusions and implications. Results of
the current study showed larger gaps between monolinguals and bilinguals for
lexical comprehension compared to narrative comprehension, suggesting that
bilingual children’s comprehension of narratives in the majority language
benefits more from transfer than lexical comprehension does. Previous
observations regarding the impact of input at home might not hold across all
bilingual groups. Different home practices and cultures may moderate the
effects of language richness on narrative comprehension. The same is true
for the impact of SES on bilingual children’s lexical comprehension.
Conclusions about bilingual language development cannot be generalized
across language domains or across bilingual populations.
Hurufism: The Faḍlallāh Family, Children, and Testament
Authors: Usluer Fatih
Published: July 2020

In Hurufi history, the identity of Faḍlallāh’s children is a controversial subject. Although the Hurufi writings provide information on Faḍlallāh Astarābādī, the information related to his family has been analyzed incorrectly. More than ten different names for Faḍlallāh's children are in circulation. This lack of clarity prevents the precise historical analysis of his children. This article shares new findings regarding the Faḍlallāh family using a unique copy of Faḍlallāh’s genealogy, which provides a list of his children and grandchildren. Other sources, including Faḍlallāh’s testament, the Maḥramnāma, and primary Hurufi sources, are also considered. This article reveals Faḍlallāh’s four children, only three of whom were alive when he died, and the roles played by Faḍlallāh’s family at the time of Shāhrukh and Jahānshāh.
The application of Great Lakes ecosystem - based science to the restoration of the Gulf: A successful case study
Authors: Munawar M. , Fitzpatrick M. , Munawar I.F.
Published: July 2020

The Gulf (or Persian Gulf) suffers from multiple anthropogenic stressors relating primarily to its position as the centre of the global oil industry. Environmental degradation including oil spills, loss of coastal habitat, algal blooms and invasive species is evident but finding the right approach to address such degradation is challenging. The North American Great Lakes faced (and continues to face) similar challenges. The governments of Canada and the United States signed the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA), which committed both countries to take concrete actions to protect the lakes. The GLWQA also offered a management framework called the Ecosystem Approach to deal with existing as well as emerging threats. A similar commitment to protect the Gulf, and more importantly the people who depend on it for their livelihood, is essential.
Machine learning for gravitational-wave detection: surrogate Wiener filtering for the prediction and optimized cancellation of Newtonian noise at Virgo
Authors: Badaracco F , Harms J , Bertolini A , Bulik T , Fiori I , Idzkowski B , Kutynia A , Nikliborc K , Paoletti F , Paoli A , Rei L , Suchinski M
Published: July 2020

The cancellation of noise from terrestrial gravity fluctuations, also known as Newtonian noise (NN), in gravitational-wave detectors is a formidable challenge. Gravity fluctuations result from density perturbations associated with environmental fields, e.g., seismic and acoustic fields, which are characterized by complex spatial correlations. Measurements of these fields necessarily provide incomplete information, and the question is how to make optimal use of available information for the design of a noise-cancellation system. In this paper, we present a machine-learning approach to calculate a surrogate model of a Wiener filter. The model is used to calculate optimal configurations of seismometer arrays for a varying number of sensors, which is the missing keystone for the design of NN cancellation systems. The optimization results indicate that efficient noise cancellation can be achieved even for complex seismic fields with relatively few seismometers provided that they are deployed in optimal configurations. In the form presented here, the optimization method can be applied to all current and future gravitational-wave detectors located at the surface and with minor modifications also to future underground detectors.
Parisi-Sourlas supergravity
Authors: Kellett Matthew , Morris Tim R
Published: July 2020

A manifestly diffeomorphism invariant exact renormalization group requires extra diffeomorphism invariant ultraviolet regularisation at some effective cutoff scale Λ. This motivates construction of a ‘Parisi-Sourlas’ supergravity, in analogy with the gauge theory case, where the superpartner fields have the wrong spin-statistics such that they can become Pauli–Villars regulator fields after spontaneous symmetry breaking. We show that in contrast to gauge theory, the free theory around flat space is already non-trivial and in a sense already displays some spontaneous symmetry breaking. We show that the fluctuating fields form multiplets whose mass matrices imply that the fields propagate into each other not only with the expected 1/p
2 but also through propagators with improved ultraviolet properties, namely 1/p
4 and 1/p
6, despite the fact that the action contains a maximum of two space-time derivatives.
Absolute measurements of the double differential electronic emission cross-sections of isolated pyrene molecule (C16H10) in interaction with keV protons
Authors: Ji M-C , Champeaux J-P , Moretto-Capelle P , Renoud J , Polizzi L , Faure S , Sence M , Cafarelli P
Published: July 2020

Electronic emission of an isolated pyrene molecule induced by 50 to 125 keV protons has been investigated. The corresponding absolute double differential cross-sections

∂

2

σ

∂
Ω
∂
E

have been measured at an angle of 35° with respect to the incident proton beam axis. These measurements were compared to the simulations of emitted electrons’ spectra using a semi-classical trajectory Monte-Carlo (SCTMC) approach. The simulated SCTMC cross-sections show reasonably good agreement with the measured ones.