bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geographic distribution of terpenoid chemotypes in Tanacetum vulgare mediates tansy aphid occurrence but not abundance
Authors: Rahimova Humay , Neuhaus‐Harr Annika , Clancy Mary V. , Guo Yuan , Junker Robert R. , Ojeda‐Prieto Lina , Petrén Hampus , Senft Matthias , Zytynska Sharon E. , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Heinen Robin , Schnitzler Jörg‐Peter
Published: April 2024

Intraspecific variation of specialized metabolites in plants, such as terpenoids, are used to determine chemotypes. Tansy Tanacetum vulgare exhibits diverse terpenoid profiles that affect insect communities. However, it is not fully known whether patterns of their chemical composition and associated insects vary beyond the community scale. Here, we investigated the geographic distribution of mono‐ and sesquiterpenoid chemotypes in tansy leaves and their relationships with specific insect communities across Germany. We sampled tansy leaves from ten plants with and five plants without aphids in each of 26 sites along a north–south and west–east transect in Germany. Hexane‐extracted metabolites from leaf tissues were analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Plant morphological traits, aphid occurrence and abundance, and occurrence of ants were recorded locally. The effect of plant chemotype, plant morphological parameters, and abiotic site parameters such as soil types, temperature and precipitation on insect occurrences were analyzed. Plants clustered into four monoterpenoid and four sesquiterpenoid chemotype classes. Monoterpene classes differed in their latitudinal distribution, whereas sesquiterpenes were more evenly distributed across the transect. Aphid and ant occurrence was influenced by monoterpenoids. Plants of monoterpenoid class 1 were colonized by aphids and ants significantly more often than expected by chance, whereas in other classes there were no significant differences. Aphid abundance was affected by soil type, and average annual temperature positively correlated with the occurrence of ants. We found significant geographic patterns in the distribution of tansy chemodiversity and show that monoterpenoids affect aphid and ant occurrence, while the soil type can influence aphid abundance. We show that geographic variation in plant chemistry influences insect community assembly on tansy plants.
Predicting airborne ascospores of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum through machine learning and statistical methods
Authors: Reich Jonathan , McLaren Debra , Kim Yong Min , Wally Owen , Yevtushenko Dmytro , Hamelin Richard , Chatterton Syama
Published: April 2024

A main biological constraint of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) production in Canada is white mould, caused by the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The primary infectious propagules of S. sclerotiorum are airborne ascospores and monitoring the air for inoculum levels could help predict the severity of white mould in bean fields. Daily air samples were collected in commercial dry bean fields in Alberta, Manitoba and Ontario and ascospores were quantified using quantitative PCR. Daily weather data was obtained from in‐field weather stations. The number of ascospores on a given day was modelled using 63 different environmental variables and several modelling methods, both regression and classification approaches, were implemented with machine learning (ML) (random forests, logistic regression and support vector machines) and statistical (generalized linear models) approaches. Across all years and provinces, ascospores were most highly correlated with ascospore release from the previous day (r ranged from 0.15 to 0.6). This variable was also the only variable included in all models and had the greatest weight in all models. Models without this variable had much poorer performance than those with it. Correlations of ascospores with other environmental variables varied by province and sometimes by year. A comparison of ML and statistical models revealed that they both performed similarly, but that the statistical models were easier to interpret. However, the precise relationship between airborne ascospore levels and in‐field disease severity remains unclear, and spore sampling methods will require further development before they can be deployed as a disease management tool.
Molecular basis of hippopotamus ACE2 binding to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Yang Ruirui , Han Pu , Han Pengcheng , Li Dedong , Zhao Runchu , Niu Sheng , Liu Kefang , Li Shihua , Tian Wen-Xia , Gao George Fu
Published: April 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a wide range of hosts, including hippopotami, which are semi-aquatic mammals and phylogenetically closely related to Cetacea. In this study, we characterized the binding properties of hippopotamus angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hiACE2) to the spike (S) protein receptor binding domains (RBDs) of the SARS-CoV-2 prototype (PT) and variants of concern (VOCs). Furthermore, the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the SARS-CoV-2 PT S protein complexed with hiACE2 was resolved. Structural and mutational analyses revealed that L30 and F83, which are specific to hiACE2, played a crucial role in the hiACE2/SARS-CoV-2 RBD interaction. In addition, comparative and structural analysis of ACE2 orthologs suggested that the cetaceans may have the potential to be infected by SARS-CoV-2. These results provide crucial molecular insights into the susceptibility of hippopotami to SARS-CoV-2 and suggest the potential risk of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs spillover and the necessity for surveillance.

IMPORTANCE

The hippopotami are the first semi-aquatic artiodactyl mammals wherein SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported. Exploration of the invasion mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 will provide important information for the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in hippopotami, as well as other semi-aquatic mammals and cetaceans. Here, we found that hippopotamus ACE2 (hiACE2) could efficiently bind to the RBDs of the SARS-CoV-2 prototype (PT) and variants of concern (VOCs) and facilitate the transduction of SARS-CoV-2 PT and VOCs pseudoviruses into hiACE2-expressing cells. The cryo-EM structure of the SARS-CoV-2 PT S protein complexed with hiACE2 elucidated a few critical residues in the RBD/hiACE2 interface, especially L30 and F83 of hiACE2 which are unique to hiACE2 and contributed to the decreased binding affinity to PT RBD compared to human ACE2. Our work provides insight into cross-species transmission and highlights the necessity for monitoring host jumps and spillover events on SARS-CoV-2 in semi-aquatic/aquatic mammals.
Local control: a hub-based model for the c-di-GMP network
Authors: Vasenina Anna , Fu Yu , O'Toole George A. , Mucha Peter J.
Published: April 2024

The genome of
Pseudomonas fluorescens
encodes >50 proteins predicted to play a role in bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP)-mediated biofilm formation. We built a network representation of protein–protein interactions and extracted key information via multidimensional scaling (i.e., principal component analysis) of node centrality measures, which measure features of proteins in a network. Proteins of different domain types (diguanylate cyclase, dual domain, phosphodiesterase, PilZ) exhibit unique network behavior and can be accurately classified by their network centrality values (i.e., roles in the network). The predictive power of protein–protein interactions in biofilm formation indicates the possibility of localized pools of c-di-GMP. A regression model showed a statistically significant impact of protein–protein interactions on the extent of biofilm formation in various environments. These results highlight the importance of a localized c-di-GMP signaling, extend our understanding of signaling by this second messenger beyond the current “Bow-tie Model,” support a newly proposed “Hub Model,” and suggest future avenues of investigation.
RNAIII is linked with the pentose phosphate pathway through the activation of RpiRc in
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Hallier Marc , Bronsard Julie , Dréano Stéphane , Sassi Mohamed , Cattoir Vincent , Felden Brice , Augagneur Yoann
Published: April 2024

Staphylococcus aureus
RNAIII is a dual-function regulatory RNA that controls the expression of multiple virulence genes and especially the transition from adhesion to the production of exotoxins. However, its contribution to
S. aureus
central metabolism remains unclear. Using MS2-affinity purification coupled with RNA sequencing, we uncovered more than 50 novel RNAIII-mRNA interactions. Among them, we demonstrate that RNAIII is a major activator of the
rpiRc
gene, encoding a regulator of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). RNAIII binds the 5′ UTR of
rpiRc
mRNA to favor ribosome loading, leading to an increased expression of RpiRc and, subsequently, of two PPP enzymes. Finally, we show that RNAIII and RpiRc are involved in
S. aureus
fitness in media supplemented with various carbohydrate sources related to PPP and glycolysis. Collectively, our data depict an unprecedented phenotype associated with the RNAIII regulon, especially the direct implication of RNAIII in central metabolic activity modulation. These findings show that the contribution of RNAIII in
Staphylococcus aureus
adaptation goes far beyond what was initially reported.

IMPORTANCE

Staphylococcus aureus
is a major human pathogen involved in acute and chronic infections. Highly recalcitrant to antibiotic treatment, persistent infections are mostly associated with the loss of RNAIII expression, a master RNA regulator responsible for the switch from colonization to infection. Here, we used the MS2 affinity purification coupled with RNA sequencing approach to identify novel mRNA targets of RNAIII and uncover novel functions. We demonstrate that RNAIII is an activator of the expression of genes involved in the pentose phosphate pathway and is implicated in the adjustment of bacterial fitness as a function of carbohydrate sources. Taken together, our results demonstrate an unprecedented role of RNAIII that goes beyond the knowledge gained so far and contributes to a better understanding of the role of RNAIII in bacterial adaptation expression and the coordination of a complex regulatory network.
The Molecular and Genetic Mechanisms of Sex Determination in Poplar
Authors: Gladysh N. S. , Kovalev M. A. , Lantsova M. S. , Popchenko M. I. , Bolsheva N. L. , Starkova A. M. , Bulavkina E. V. , Karpov D. S. , Kudryavtsev A. A. , Kudryavtseva A. V.
Published: April 2024

Abstract—The study of molecular and genetic mechanisms of sex determination in the poplar is of interest not only in the fundamental science, but also in the applied research. In landscaping of large settlements, it is advisable to use male individuals of the Populus genus due to their hypoallergenicity and increased resistance to environmental pollution, stress conditions, and pathogens. However, sex determination in poplars is complicated by the complex genetic structure of the sex-determining region of the genome (SDR). In this review, the emergence, evolution, structure, and function of the SDR in the genus Populus are discussed. Current insights into the structure and function of the key regulator of sex selection in poplars, orthologue of the ARR16/ARR17 gene and the possible roles of other genes that are differentially expressed between male and female plants, including microRNAs, in this process are discussed in detail. The great diversity of species and the high complexity of SDR organization justify the need for further study of the molecular mechanisms of sex determination in poplars.
Development and validation of an individualised nomogram to predict mother-to-child transmission in pregnant women with syphilis in China: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Feng Shuaixin , Gao Shuang , Wang Qian , Cai Min , Huang Zhaoqian , Huang Ying , Hong Yeting , Yuan Li , Liu Fenghua , Jiang Hongbo
Published: April 2024

Objectives

The elimination of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of syphilis has been set as a public health priority. However, an instrument to predict the MTCT of syphilis is not available. We aimed to develop and validate an intuitive nomogram to predict the individualised risk of MTCT in pregnant women with syphilis in China.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Data was acquired from the National Information System of Prevention of MTCT of Syphilis in Guangdong province between 2011 and 2020.

Participants

A total of 13 860 pregnant women with syphilis and their infants were included and randomised 7:3 into the derivation cohort (n=9702) and validation cohort (n=4158).

Primary outcome measures

Congenital syphilis.

Results

Among 13 860 pregnant women with syphilis and their infants included, 1370 infants were diagnosed with congenital syphilis. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and multivariable logistic regression showed that age, ethnicity, registered residence, marital status, number of pregnancies, transmission route, the timing of syphilis diagnosis, stage of syphilis, time from first antenatal care to syphilis diagnosis and toluidine red unheated serum test titre were predictors of MTCT of syphilis. A nomogram was developed based on the predictors, which demonstrated good calibration and discrimination with an area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic of 0.741 (95% CI: 0.728 to 0.755) and 0.731 (95% CI: 0.710 to 0.752) for the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. The net benefit of the predictive models was positive, demonstrating a significant potential for clinical decision-making. We have also developed a web calculator based on this prediction model.

Conclusions

Our nomogram exhibited good performance in predicting individualised risk for MTCT of syphilis, which may help guide early and personalised prevention for MTCT of syphilis.
Subjective social status, health and well-being among older adults in China and South Korea: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Yan Junwei , Wang Yanjie , Yang En , Wang Jing , Lv Benyan , Cao Yan , Tang Shangfeng
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Social status, which encompasses various psychosocial dimensions, such as income, education and social relationships, can have a significant impact on physical and mental health outcomes. The study aims to explore the association among subjective social status, health and well-being among individuals aged 55 years and older in China and South Korea.

Participants

Sample population included individuals aged 55 years and older: China (n=1779) and South Korea (n=421).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures included self-reported health status and well-being which were assessed by life satisfaction and general happiness.

Results

The percentage of participants who reported a ‘very good’ health condition was higher in South Korea (14.5%) than in China (11.0%). The percentage of participants who reported feeling very satisfied (14.7%) with their life was lower in South Korea (11.8%). In China, 6.7% of the respondents reported their health as ‘very bad’ (rating 5), while in South Korea, this percentage was higher at 18.1%. Regression analysis revealed an inverse association among higher social status and poorer health, lower life satisfaction and lower happiness levels. For example, individuals who placed themselves in the highest social status category had 0.26 times lower odds (95% CI=0.13 to 0.55) of reporting poorer self-rated health status than those in the lowest category. Similarly, compared with individuals who place themselves in the lowest social status category, those who place themselves in the highest social status category have 0.03 times lower odds of reporting lower life satisfaction (95% CI=0.02 to 0.07).

Conclusion

Overall, the results highlight a significant association among social status, subjective health, life satisfaction and general happiness in both the countries. Health policymakers should identify effective strategies to promote healthy ageing and reduce disparities in health and well-being outcomes among older adults from different social backgrounds.
Undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension in rural African adults: a scoping review protocol of primary health care interventions
Authors: Peniston Sandra , Sivaramakrishnan Divya , Holloway Aisha
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Non-communicable diseases cause 74% of global deaths, with cardiovascular diseases as the major contributor. Hypertension, a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is highly prevalent in Africa. Diagnosis, treatment and control rates are notably limited in rural areas. This limitation results in increased risks of premature mortality and complications such as stroke due to socioeconomic, cultural and geographical challenges. Progress in African countries enhancing hypertension services through primary health care interventions exists. However, a comprehensive review of all primary health care interventions addressing undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension in rural African settings is lacking. This scoping review aims to categorise primary health care interventions targeting undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension in rural African adults. Intervention components will be mapped to the four stages outlined in the hypertension care cascade to develop a pilot intervention logic model for rural African adults with hypertension.

Method and analysis

The scoping review protocol will adhere to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Studies considered for inclusion will include any intervention delivered by any healthcare provider in a rural African primary care setting targeting any stage of hypertension care. Eight databases will be searched without date restrictions, supplemented by grey literature and reference list searches. A two-stage screening process (title/abstract and full text) will determine evidence source eligibility. All eligible sources of evidence will be extracted, charted and evaluated using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist. A pilot logic model categorising and mapping interventions to the four stages of the hypertension care cascade will be visually presented and analysed using narrative synthesis.

Ethics and dissemination

No primary data will be collected; therefore, ethics approval is not required. Findings will be disseminated to local health authorities in Ghana and other African Regions and through national and international conferences and publications in peer-reviewed journals.
Controlled Quasi-Latitudinal Solutions for Ultra-Fast Spin-Torque Magnetization Switching
Authors: Fortunati Alessandro , d’Aquino Massimiliano , Serpico Claudio
Published: April 2024

The aim of this paper is to present a novel class of time-dependent controls to realize ultra-fast magnetization switching in nanomagnets driven by spin-torques produced by spin-polarized electric currents. Magnetization dynamics in such complex systems is governed by the Landau–Lifshitz–Slonczewski equation which describes the precessional motion of (dimensionless) magnetization vector on the unit-sphere. The relevant case of nanoparticles with uniaxial anisotropy having in-plane easy and intermediate axes as well as out-of-plane hard axis is considered. By exploiting the characteristic smallness of damping and spin-torque intensity, the complexity of the magnetic system’s dynamic is dealt with by employing tools borrowed from Hamiltonian Perturbation Theory. More precisely, the aforementioned controls are constructed via suitable perturbative tools in a way to realize approximate latitudinal solutions (i.e. motions on a sphere in which the out-of-plane magnetization component stays constant) with the effect to fast “switch” the system from one stationary state to another. The possibility to keep a (“small”) bounded value of the out-of-plane coordinate throughout this process of “transfer” turns out to be advantageous in the applications as it sensibly reduces the post-switching relaxation oscillations that may cause the failure of switching in real samples. Further relevant quantitative results on the behavior of the solutions during the pre- and post-switching stages (termed “expulsion” and “attraction”, respectively) are given as a by-product. A selection of validating numerical experiments is presented alongside the corresponding theoretical results.
When ASFV Infection Meets the cGAS‐STING Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Songbiao , Shang Ke , Wei Ying , Chen Jian , Yu Zuhua , He Lei , Ding Ke
Published: April 2024

The African swine fever virus (ASFV) has the ability to infect both wild boars and domestic pigs, regardless of their breeds or ages, often resulting in a mortality rate of 100%. Host innate immunity is the most important defense weapon against invasion of pathogenic microbial infection. cGAS‐STING signaling pathway is one of the greatest discoveries of the twenty‐first century, which is crucial in host’s innate immune response. Recent studies have found that the interaction between cGAS/STING pathway and ASFV plays a key role during ASFV infection. At the same time, ASFV has also evolved different strategies to evade the killing of the host cGAS/STING pathway and promote its survival. Here, we review the latest progress in the interaction between ASFV infection, cGAS/STING pathways, and their related molecular mechanisms, aiming to provide new ideas for further research on the pathogenesis of ASFV, the development of vaccines and therapeutic drugs.
Effects of Light Spectrum on Survival, Growth, Physiological, and Biochemical Indices of Redclaw Crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) Juveniles
Authors: Huang Cuixue , Nie Xiangxing , Wei Jie , Wang Yakun , Hong Kunhao , Mu Xidong , Liu Chao , Chu Zhangjie , Zhu Xinping , Yu Lingyun
Published: April 2024

The spectrum is a key environmental factor, and light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) can influence the growth and development of crustaceans by altering the composition of the spectrum. This study conducted a 30‐day experiment to investigate the effects of five LED spectra (red, yellow, blue, green, and white light) on the growth, antioxidant and immune enzyme activities, stress hormone levels, and the expression of α‐amylase (α-AMY), ecdysone receptor (EcR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) genes in juvenile redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus). The results show that the survival rate of juveniles is markedly higher in the yellow and red‐light groups than in the other three groups (P < 0.05). The green light group exhibits the lowest survival rate, yet it demonstrates the highest weight gain rate and specific growth rate. Regarding enzyme activity and hormone levels, the yellow light group shows the lowest malondialdehyde content, with higher superoxide dismutase and acid phosphatase activity than the other groups; no significant differences are observed in lysozyme activity among the groups (P > 0.05). The melatonin content in the green and blue light groups is significantly higher than that in the other three groups (P < 0.01). In terms of growth gene expression, the expression of α-AMY, EcR, and RXR in juvenile C. quadricarinatus is regulated by the spectrum. In conclusion, when raised under the yellow light spectrum, juvenile C. quadricarinatus displays elevated survival rates, rapid growth, and robust antioxidant and immune defenses. This study provides important technical parameters for optimizing and enhancing the industrial cultivation of juvenile C. quadricarinatus.
ZNF397 Deficiency Triggers TET2-Driven Lineage Plasticity and AR-Targeted Therapy Resistance in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Xu Yaru , Yang Yuqiu , Wang Zhaoning , Sjöström Martin , Jiang Yuyin , Tang Yitao , Cheng Siyuan , Deng Su , Wang Choushi , Gonzalez Julisa , Johnson Nickolas A. , Li Xiang , Li Xiaoling , Metang Lauren A. , Mukherji Atreyi , Xu Quanhui , Tirado Carla R. , Wainwright Garrett , Yu Xinzhe , Barnes Spencer , Hofstad Mia , Chen Yu , Zhu Hong , Hanker Ariella B. , Raj Ganesh V. , Zhu Guanghui , He Housheng H. , Wang Zhao , Arteaga Carlos L. , Liang Han , Feng Felix Y. , Wang Yunguan , Wang Tao , Mu Ping
Published: April 2024

Cancer cells exhibit phenotypical plasticity and epigenetic reprogramming that allows them to evade lineage-dependent targeted treatments by adopting lineage plasticity. The underlying mechanisms by which cancer cells exploit the epigenetic regulatory machinery to acquire lineage plasticity and therapy resistance remain poorly understood. We identified zinc finger protein 397 (ZNF397) as a bona fide coactivator of the androgen receptor (AR), essential for the transcriptional program governing AR-driven luminal lineage. ZNF397 deficiency facilitates the transition of cancer cell from an AR-driven luminal lineage to a ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2)-driven lineage plastic state, ultimately promoting resistance to therapies inhibiting AR signaling. Intriguingly, our findings indicate that a TET2 inhibitor can eliminate the resistance to AR-targeted therapies in ZNF397-deficient tumors. These insights uncover a novel mechanism through which prostate cancer acquires lineage plasticity via epigenetic rewiring and offer promising implications for clinical interventions designed to overcome therapy resistance dictated by lineage plasticity.

Significance: This study reveals a bifurcated role of ZNF397, and a TET2–driven epigenetic mechanism regulating tumor lineage plasticity and therapy response in prostate cancer, enhances the understanding of drug resistance, and unveils a new therapeutic strategy for overcoming androgen receptor-targeted therapy resistance.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Inhibition of NEK2 Promotes Chemosensitivity and Reduces KSHV-positive Primary Effusion Lymphoma Burden
Authors: White Maria C. , Wong Jason P. , Damania Blossom
Published: April 2024

Figure S2. NEK2 inhibition does not induce reactivation of KSHV. (A) Fold change in gene expression of KSHV lytic genes in PEL cells treated with or without JH295 for 48h. Data were normalized to actin and plotted as fold change relative to the DMSO control. For the positive control, BCBL1 cells were treated with DMSO and chemically reactivated with valproic acid for 48h. Data represent mean ± SEM of two biological replicates, each performed in triplicate, with the exception of the positive control, which is one biological replicate performed in triplicate. (B) Western blot for NEK2 and KSHV ORF45 in PEL cells with intact NEK2 expression (NTC) or depleted NEK2 expression (NEK2 siRNA). GAPDH was used as the loading control. Data are representative of two independent biological replicates. (C) Fold change in gene expression of KSHV lytic genes in PEL cells with intact NEK2 expression (NTC) or depleted NEK2 expression (NEK2 siRNA). Data were normalized to actin and plotted as fold change relative to the NTC. For the positive control, NTC-treated BCBL1 cells were chemically reactivated with valproic acid for 48h. Data represent mean ± SEM of two biological replicates, each performed in triplicate, with the exception of the positive control, which is one biological replicate performed in triplicate.
FIGURE 5 from Overcoming Xenoantigen Immunity to Enable Cellular Tracking and Gene Regulation with Immune-competent “NoGlow” Mice
Authors: Trotter Timothy N. , Wilson Andrea , McBane Jason , Dagotto Carina E. , Yang Xiao-Yi , Wei Jun-Ping , Lei Gangjun , Thrash Hannah , Snyder Joshua C. , Lyerly Herbert Kim , Hartman Zachary C.
Published: April 2024

Tumor cells expressing GFP, rtTA, and Luciferase successfully engraft in NoGlow mice. A, Diagram of triple-transgenic (3 ×) E0771 cells. GFP and rtTA are constitutively expressed and Luc is induced with the addition of doxycycline. B, 3 × E0771 (106) were implanted into the mammary fat pad (MFP) of wild-type (WT) C57Bl/6 (n = 7), CAG-driven Full-body WT GFP/Luc expressing mice (n = 7), CMV cre littermates positive (n = 6) or negative (n = 7) for the NoGlow construct, or SCID beige (n = 4) mice. C, Overall (top) and individual (bottom) tumor growth in each group. No evidence of tumors was observed in Full-body GFP-Luc, NoGlow−, or C57Bl/6 animals by the end of experiment. D, Representative bioluminescence imaging of animals pre (left) or post (right) doxycycline diet introduction. Bottom, Luc was induced in SCID mice but to a lesser degree compared with NoGlow+ mice. E, Representative GFP imaging upon euthanasia of Noglow+, SCID, and Full-body GFP-Luc mice. Left, concentrated GFP signal in tumors of NoGlow+ and SCID compared with Full-body GFP-Luc mice. Right, visceral GFP signal only in Full-body GFP-Luc mice. F, Representative lungs of NoGlow+, NoGlow−, Full-body GFP-Luc, or SCID mice upon euthanasia. Lung metastasis can be visualized in NoGlow+ and SCID animals.
FIGURE 4 from Overcoming Xenoantigen Immunity to Enable Cellular Tracking and Gene Regulation with Immune-competent “NoGlow” Mice
Authors: Trotter Timothy N. , Wilson Andrea , McBane Jason , Dagotto Carina E. , Yang Xiao-Yi , Wei Jun-Ping , Lei Gangjun , Thrash Hannah , Snyder Joshua C. , Lyerly Herbert Kim , Hartman Zachary C.
Published: April 2024

NoGlow mice reveal the impact of sex and tissue distribution on immune tolerance. A, Male WT (n = 3), CAG Luc-GFP (n = 3), and NoGlow+ (n = 6) or NoGlow− (n = 10) littermates were vaccinated with an Ad encoding WT GFP-Luc and serum was collected after two weeks for anti-Luc or anti-GFP responses. Unvaccinated naïve WT (n = 2) animals were used as baseline controls. B, Luc staining showing protein expression in mammary epithelium of female MMTV Cre NoGlow+ or NoGlow− littermates. C, Luc staining showing protein expression in prostate epithelium of male Pbsn Cre NoGlow+ or NoGlow− littermates. D, Luc staining demonstrating expression in acini and islets in pancreases of male Pdx1 Cre NoGlow+ or NoGlow− littermates. E–G, MMTV Cre (E; n = 4 NoGlow- F, n = 5 NoGlow+ F, n = 2 NoGlow- M, n = 7 NoGlow+ M, n = 3 naïve), Pbsn Cre (F; n = 6 NoGlow- F, n = 6 NoGlow+ F, n = 4 NoGlow- M, n = 8 NoGlow+ M, n = 1 naïve), or Pdx1 Cre (G; n = 2 NoGlow- F, n = 4 NoGlow+ F, n = 4 NoGlow- M, n = 5 NoGlow+ M, n = 2 naïve) littermates were vaccinated with an Ad encoding WT eGFP and Luc. Serum antibody responses to Luc and GFP were determined by ELISA two weeks postvaccination. P values for A, E, F, G are displayed at 1:50 and determined by two-way ANOVA with Tukey correction. H, Normalized ratio of serum anti-Luc or -GFP antibody responses in independent NoGlow+ versus mean of NoGlow− littermates across two independent experiments demonstrating highest tolerance in CMV Cre and Pdx1 Cre animals. P values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey correction. All P values represent mean ± SEM.
FIGURE 4 from Inhibition of NEK2 Promotes Chemosensitivity and Reduces KSHV-positive Primary Effusion Lymphoma Burden
Authors: White Maria C. , Wong Jason P. , Damania Blossom
Published: April 2024

JH295 treatment results in G1 stage cell-cycle arrest in PEL. A, Cell-cycle analysis via PI staining and flow cytometry of PEL cells treated with or without JH295. Data represent mean ± SD of three independent biological replicates and were analyzed for the G1 cell population using two-way ANOVA with Dunnett multiple comparisons. ****, P < 0.0001. BC1 24 hours *, P = 0.0172; JSC1 24 hours **, P = 0.0039. B, Quantification of the sub-G1 population in PEL cells treated with or without JH295. Data are from the same experiments as A, are plotted as individual data points representing mean ± SEM, and analyzed using two-way ANOVA with Dunnett multiple comparisons. Data are from three independent biological replicates, each performed in duplicate except BCBL1, which was performed in duplicate once and in single replicates twice. ****, P < 0.0001. BCBL1 ***, P = 0.0003; BC1 24 hours **, P = 0.0061.
FIGURE 3 from Inhibition of NEK2 Promotes Chemosensitivity and Reduces KSHV-positive Primary Effusion Lymphoma Burden
Authors: White Maria C. , Wong Jason P. , Damania Blossom
Published: April 2024

PEL cells undergo caspase 3–mediated apoptosis following NEK2 inhibition. A, Western blot analysis for caspase 3 and PARP in PEL cells treated with and without JH295. GAPDH was used as the loading control. Data are representative of three independent biological replicates. B, Caspase 3 enzymatic activity assay in PEL cells treated with and without JH295 relative to the DMSO control. Data are plotted as individual values from three independent biological replicates, are represented as mean ± SD, and analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett multiple comparisons. ****, P < 0.0001. C and D, Annexin V positivity in PEL cells after 24 hours (C) and 48 hours (D) of JH295 treatment, as measured by flow cytometry. Data are from three independent biological replicates, are represented as mean ± SEM, and analyzed using two-way ANOVA with Dunnett multiple comparisons. ****, P < 0.0001. BCBL1 24 hours ***, P = 0.0006; *, P = 0.02; BC1 24 hours **, P = 0.0045; JSC1 24 hours ***, P = 0.0002; BCBL1 48 hours **, P = 0.0015; BC1 48 hours *, P = 0.0118; JSC1 48 hours **, P = 0.0035. E, Western blot for PARP in PEL cells with intact NEK2 expression (NTC) or depleted NEK2 expression (shRNA). GAPDH was used as the loading control. Data are representative of three independent biological replicates. The BCBL1 loading control blot in E is the same as in Fig. 1C.
FIGURE 3 from Overcoming Xenoantigen Immunity to Enable Cellular Tracking and Gene Regulation with Immune-competent “NoGlow” Mice
Authors: Trotter Timothy N. , Wilson Andrea , McBane Jason , Dagotto Carina E. , Yang Xiao-Yi , Wei Jun-Ping , Lei Gangjun , Thrash Hannah , Snyder Joshua C. , Lyerly Herbert Kim , Hartman Zachary C.
Published: April 2024

NoGlow mice express eGFP and Luciferase without background fluorescence and bioluminescence. A, Diagram of the NoGlow construct. LoxP-flanked stop site prevents expression of the NoGlow construct in the absence of Cre recombinase. However, in the presence of Cre the stop site is recombined to yield a single transcript encoding rtTA3 and mutant GFP/Luc driven by the CAG promoter. B, Chimeric founder NoGlow animals were crossed to CMV (full-body) Cre animals to test activity and expression of the construct. Representative bioluminescence imaging of female C57Bl/6, CAG Luc-GFP, and F1 CMV Cre NoGlow littermates with or without the NoGlow construct reveal no background bioluminescence in CMV Cre NoGlow+ animals. C, Bioluminescent imaging of representative lungs/livers shows no background bioluminescence in NoGlow+ mice. D, Chromogenic Luciferase staining in livers from NoGlow+ and control mice confirms luciferase protein expression despite the lack of bioluminescence in B and C. E, Representative fluorescent imaging of male C57Bl/6, CAG Luc-GFP, and F1 CMV Cre NoGlow animals shows no background fluorescence in CMV Cre NoGlow+ mice, while immunofluorescent staining (F) for GFP in liver sections from CMV Cre NoGlow+ animals confirms that GFP protein can be detected upon antibody staining.
TABLE 2 from Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Cancer Status Detection in Radiology Reports
Authors: Arya Ankur , Niederhausern Andrew , Bahadur Nadia , Shah Neil J. , Nichols Chelsea , Chatterjee Avijit , Philip John
Published: April 2024

Classification metric of the multi-label classifier model to predict imaging scan site using one versus rest approach on held out test data
FIGURE 2 from Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Cancer Status Detection in Radiology Reports
Authors: Arya Ankur , Niederhausern Andrew , Bahadur Nadia , Shah Neil J. , Nichols Chelsea , Chatterjee Avijit , Philip John
Published: April 2024

Training and inference of BERT model. A, Illustration of data preprocessing, data partition with balanced stratification, hyper parameter optimization (HPO) using cross validation (CV) technique and fine-tune training using CV method. B, Training loss curve while fine-tuning BERT model on multiclass classification of cancer status task along with exact accuracy measured after every epoch on evaluation data split. C, An example of inferencing of model trained on multilabel classification of imaging scan site. A radiology report excerpt (highlighted in green) is passed as input to the model, the model's output with selected label choices and corresponding label probabilities are shown. The visual from SHAP explainer model for label “Chest” is provided below model output.
Data from Inhibition of NEK2 Promotes Chemosensitivity and Reduces KSHV-positive Primary Effusion Lymphoma Burden
Authors: White Maria C. , Wong Jason P. , Damania Blossom
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Non–Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a common cancer in both men and women and represents a significant cancer burden worldwide. Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a subtype of NHL infected with Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV). PEL is an aggressive and lethal cancer with no current standard of care, owing largely to its propensity to develop resistance to current chemotherapeutic regimens. Here, we report a reliance of KSHV-positive PEL on the mitotic kinase, NEK2, for survival. Inhibition of NEK2 with the inhibitor, JH295, resulted in caspase 3–mediated apoptotic cell death of PEL. Furthermore, NEK2 inhibition significantly prolonged survival and reduced tumor burden in a PEL mouse model. We also demonstrate that the ABC transporter proteins, MDR1 and MRP, are most active in PEL and that inhibition of NEK2 in PEL reduced the expression and activity of these ABC transporter proteins, which are known to mediate drug resistance in cancer. Finally, we report that JH295 treatment sensitized lymphomas to other chemotherapeutic agents such as rapamycin, resulting in enhanced cancer cell death. Overall, these data offer important insight into the mechanisms underlying PEL survival and drug resistance, and suggest that NEK2 is a viable therapeutic target for PEL.
Significance:
The mitotic kinase, NEK2, is important for the survival of KSHV-positive PEL. NEK2 inhibition resulted in PEL apoptosis and reduced tumor burden in a mouse model. NEK2 inhibition also reduced drug resistance.
Transcendente e histórica: a poesia de Rafael Alberti escrita durante a Guerra Civil Espanhola
Authors: Carvalho Mayra Moreyra
Published: April 2024

Durante a Guerra Civil Espanhola (1936-1939), Rafael Alberti permanece em Madri, vivendo na sede da Alianza de Intelectuales Antifascistas, da qual era secretário. Naquele período, o poeta esteve envolvido em muitas atividades, como a organização do periódico El Mono Azul, as Guerrillas del Teatro e a publicação de poemas do Romancero de la Guerra Civil. Neste último, aparecem alguns dos nove romances que Alberti compõe entre agosto de 1936 e janeiro de 1937. Em setembro de 1937, vem à luz o conjunto de poemas “Capital de la gloria”. Nossa proposta é investigar como a diferença formal entre os vigorosos romances e os comovidos poemas de “Capital de la gloria” pode revelar uma mudança no modo como o poeta trata a relação entre o sujeito e a história. Diante da experiência da guerra, a condição humana mesma, o ofício do poeta e o estatuto da poesia apresentam-se como problemas para o sujeito, quem busca compreender a complexidade do momento na e pela linguagem.
José María Arguedas y saber bailar la Historia
Authors: Lenci Yazmín López
Published: April 2024

El artículo indaga la propuesta narrativa del escritor, antropólogo y musicólogo latinoamericano, José María Arguedas, de ofrecer una historicidad alternativa construida sobre las dinámicas vitales movilizadas por los cuerpos, los saberes y subjetividades que a su vez, constituyen lugar y región en los Andes.  A partir del enfoque de las rebeliones indígenas del sur andino del Perú, se analizarán las relaciones entre música, danza y la construcción del sujeto político; su genealogía en la narrativa arguediana y las indagaciones que destacan no sólo las tensiones sino los encuentros posibles que reparan las hondas fracturas e interrupciones históricas.
O percurso de um morto: literatura e violência em Adiós Ayacucho, de Julio Ortega
Authors: Marsal Meritxell Hernando
Published: April 2024

Surgido de uma fotografia publicada em uma revista, um corpo despedaçado adquire a sobrevida da linguagem. Trata-se de um corpo ilegível, que só na morte pode falar, com uma enunciação paródica que evade as cumplicidades da representação que marcam o discurso da guerra interna no Peru. É um fantoche que enfrenta o irrepresentável da violência, e constrói seu itinerário como um embate com os discursos do poder, que incluem a antropologia, a mídia, a política (a literatura e a crítica também ficam comprometidas na ubiquidade do discurso intelectual como forma de dominação), e promulgam o esquecimento como solução para o desenvolvimento. Nova Antígona, este cadáver reclama pelos seus membros desaparecidos: nas valas, nas memórias e no senso comum. Neste cenário, o além inverte seus ministros e regiões, e adquire um sentido civil,  de invenção do presente e da comunidade.
Description of Xiphinema ficusi sp. n. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) and molecular characterisation of some Xiphinema species from Mexico
Authors: del Prado-Vera Ignacio Cid , Ferris Howard , Subbotin Sergei A.
Published: April 2024

In 2018-2022, during nematological surveys in several Mexican states, a new species, Xiphinema ficusi sp. n., two known species, X. basiri and X. luci, and four unidentified Xiphinema species, Xiphinema sp. A, sp. B, sp. C, and sp. D, were collected and characterised. Xiphinema ficusi sp. n. was found in a tropical forest in the La Mancha Ecological Reserve of the Ecology Institute of Jalapa, Veracruz state. The new species is characterised by a body length of 2.82-3.79 mm, slightly offset lip region, odontostyle 93-105 μm long, guiding ring at 51-96 μm from anterior end, an elongate conical tail 41-50 μm long with digitate terminus, didelphic-amphidelphic reproductive system, with both gonads equally developed without Z differentiation in females. Males have one pair of adanal and four ventromedial supplements. The seven Xiphinema species were molecularly characterised and the phylogenetic relationships of these species with other representatives of this genus were reconstructed using the D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA and COI gene sequences. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of a parasitic oomycete of the genus Lagenidium in X. ficusi sp. n. and endosymbiotic bacteria of the genus Candidatus Xiphinematobacter in X. luci and Xiphinema sp. D. belonging to the Xiphinema americanum group. It has been suggested that valleys surrounded by ridges of Sierra Madre Mountains in Mexico might be one of the world centres of diversity for the genus Xiphinema.
Effects of treatment process on larvae growth performance and nutrient yield during cyanobacteria bioconversion by black soldier fly
Authors: Gu P. , Chen L.Q. , Zhang K.N. , Hu H.R. , Yang K.L. , Zhang Z.S. , Ren X.L. , Liu C. , Zhang Z.H. , Zhou J. , Miao H.F.
Published: April 2024

Cyanobacteria blooms, a global environmental problem, have caused serious economic and ecological disasters worldwide. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are known to feed and develop on a wide range of feed sources, which makes the use of BSFL bioconversion promising for harvested cyanobacteria. In this study, cyanobacteria were compounded into feedstock by three different treatments, and then BSFL was placed into the substrates to explore the effect of treatments on BSFL growth performance and nutrient yield. It was found that the alterations in the nutrient composition of the substrate and the content of key compounds (vitamin C and microcystin-LR) caused by different treatments were responsible for the different growth performance of BSFL. Difference in larvae digestive enzyme activities caused by changes in treatment processes and substrate moisture content will ultimately affect the BSFL nutrient production. The larvae stress response to different treatment processes demonstrated that the low moisture content environment has an inhibitory effect on the growth of BSFL, and the harvested cyanobacteria treated by the sun-drying treatment process exhibited less interference on BSFL. Through a brief economic assessment, we conclude that cyanobacteria can only produce benefits with the sun-drying treatment process where the substrate moisture content needs to be maintained at 70-80%, wall-breaking and heating treatment and heating treatment processes showed a deficit due to a higher cost and a lower output. This study provides a reference for promoting the utilization of cyanobacteria and proffer instructive significance for the biotransformation of cyanobacteria by BSFL.
Numerical Analysis of Williamson-Micropolar Ternary Nanofluid Flow Through Porous Rotatory Surface
Authors: Sharma Diksha , Sood Shilpa , Thakur Archie , Prasad Sushil
Published: April 2024

This research introduces an advanced nanofluid model for optimizing the rate of heat transmission. The trihybrid nanofluid is constructed by suspending three distinct nanoparticles in a base fluid with diverse physical and chemical affinities. This study confronts the heat transfer characteristics of TiO2, Al2O3, and SiO2boundary layer flow involving thermal radiation and slip scenarios. The controlling boundary layer equations are modified through an array of ordinary differential equations employing suitable similarity transformations, which have been solved by using bvp4c algorithm in MATLAB. As of yet, no prior investigation has ever been conducted on the flow of tri-hybrid nanofluid TiO2, Al2O3, and SiO2/H2O via rotatory surface. As a result, the current investigation has been undertaken to fill this gap, and the primary objectives of this work is to look into the aspects that optimise the heat transfer of base fluid (H2O) dissolved with tri-hybrid nanoparticles (TiO2, Al2O3, and SiO2) past a rotatory surface with slip conditions. The figures indicate that the presence of distinct nondimensional parameters in this analysis has a tremendous impact on the fluid motion inside the boundary layer. The plots obtained reveal that the diminution in particle movement is addressed simply by raising the Williamson parameter, magnetic parameter, and Forchheimer parameter. While the temperature profiles of the magnetic parameter, rotation parameter, and Williamson parameter demonstrate a reverse pattern. The findings are visualized in graphical format, and it is predicted that the tri-hybrid nanofluid has a greater thermal conductivity than the hybrid nanofluid and traditional fluid.
Pediatric Dysphagia Risk Screening Instrument (PDRSI) in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Umay Ebru , Cankurtaran Damla , Tezel Nihal , Uz Cuma , Tombak Yasemin , Karaahmet Ozgur , Aykin Yigman Zeynep , Celik Gulnur , Unlu Akyuz Ece
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to evaluate whether the Pediatric Dysphagia Risk Screening Instrument (PDRSI) was a suitable test for children with cerebral palsy (CP) and assess the instrument’s Turkish validity and reliability. One-hundred twenty-six children with CP participated in this study. “Cronbach’s alpha (ɑ),” “Cronbach’s ɑ when one item is deleted,” “inter-item correlation,” and “corrected item-to-total correlation” were used to assess internal consistency. In addition, inter-rater agreement tests (Cohen’s kappa coefficient) were conducted for reliability. Construct validity was used to assess the validity. Moreover, flexible fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of the swallowing method was used to describe the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and calculate the sensitivity and specificity of T-PDRSI. It was found that the PDRSI had adequate validity and reliability. The PDRSI can be used in children with CP as a valid and reliable instrument with high sensitivity and specificity.