bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of wastewaters containing acid, reactive and direct dyes using aminosilane functionalized silica
Authors: Wawrzkiewicz Monika , Hubicki Zbigniew , Nowacka Magdalena , Klapiszewski Łukasz
Published: October 2014

Aminosilane modified silica was prepared and investigated for the adsorption of textile dyes such as C.I. Acid Orange 7 (AO7), C.I. Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and C.I. Direct Blue 71 (DB71) from aqueous media and wastewaters. The values of the sorption capacities obtained from the Langmuir isotherm model were: 5.3 mg g-1, 58.7 mg g-1 and 72.2 mg g-1 for AO7, DB71 and RB5, respectively. The affinity series of the dyes for the modified silica can be presented as follows: C.I. Reactive Black 5 > C.I. Direct Blue 71> C.I. Acid Orange 7. The influence of anionic surfactant (SDS) and sodium chloride on dye sorption was investigated in a system containing 100 mg L-1 dye and 0.1-1 g L-1 SDS or 1-25 g L-1 NaCl. The sorption capacities decrease with increasing concentration of SDS in the solution. Retention of AO7 and RB5 was reduced in the presence of NaCl. A satisfactory agreement of the experimental data with the pseudo second-order kinetic model was found. Effectiveness of the aminosilane modified silica in raw textile wastewater purification was confirmed.
Balls minimize trace constants in BV
Authors: Cianchi Andrea , Ferone Vincenzo , Nitsch Carlo , Trombetti Cristina
Published: October 2014

Balls are shown to have the smallest optimal constant, among all
admissible Euclidean domains, in Poincaré type boundary trace
inequalities for functions of bounded variation with vanishing
median or mean value.
Decoy-based information security
Authors: Shpilrain Vladimir
Published: October 2014

In this survey, we discuss an emerging concept of decoy-based information security, or security without computational assumptions. In particular, we show how this concept can be implemented to provide security against (passive) computationally unbounded adversary in some public-key encryption protocols. In the world of symmetric cryptography, decoy-based security finds a wide range of applications, notably to secure delegation of computation to another party. We single out the scenario where a computationally limited party wants to send an encrypted message to a computationally superior party using the RSA protocol, thereby providing another kind of application of decoy ideas in a public-key setting. With typical RSA parameters, decoy-based method of delegation of computation improves the efficiency for the sender by several orders of magnitude.
Scoring rules, and the role of chance: Analysis of the 2008 World Fly Fishing Championships
Authors: Yee Thomas W.
Published: October 2014

We analyze the 2008 World Fly Fishing Championships data to examine two issues: (I) changes to scoring rules are proposed so that catching bigger fish is no longer a disadvantage; and (II) the relative role of chance versus competitor skill in determining the competition outcomes is investigated. For (I), a new quadratic polynomial formula for the number of points awarded for a fish of a certain length meant that the competitor who caught the biggest fish in one of the rivers was no longer disadvantaged, during the 20-min period it took to land the fish, compared to those anglers who caught many small fish. For (II), it was found that an angler A, who is actually better than angler B, has an approximate probability of 8.5% of having, overall, a worse score than angler B. By increasing the number of fishing sessions from five to seven, the probability of misclassification drops to about 7%. Other topics, such as the advantages of the proposed formula and the various fishing strategies, are also discussed.
Garden Hybrids
Authors: Stackelberg Katharine T. Von
Published: October 2014

This article discusses representations of hermaphrodites in the domestic context of Roman gardens and argues that the spatial context of the hermaphrodite body is as germane to critical understanding as the intersexed body itself. The spatial and semantic interrelations between Roman gardens and hermaphrodite images focus on the dynamics of viewing hermaphrodite types in Italo-Roman art (section 1), the spatial configuration of hermaphrodites with documented findspots (section 2), Ovid's introduction of garden imagery in the tale of Salmacis and Hermaphroditus (Met. 4. 285â€“388) compared to the Salmakis inscription from Kaplan Kalesi at Halicarnassus (section 3), and the historical correlation to Augustan Rome's vegetative symbolism (section 4). This synthesis of material, literary, and historical evidence for hermaphrodite images indicates that their representation in Roman domestic art can be read as an expression of domestic harmony that mirrored the emphasis on heterosexual union and political concord ushered in by Augustus and Livia.
Myeloid SIRT1 regulates macrophage infiltration and insulin sensitivity in mice fed a high-fat diet
Authors: Ka Sun-O , Song Mi-Young , Bae Eun Ju , Park Byung-Hyun
Published: October 2014

Inflammation is an important factor in the development of insulin resistance. SIRT1, a class 3 histone/protein deacetylase, has anti-inflammatory functions. Myeloid-specific deletion ofSirt1promotes macrophage infiltration into insulin-sensitive organs and aggravates tissue inflammation. In this study, we investigated how SIRT1 in macrophages alters tissue inflammation in the pancreas as well as liver and adipose tissue, and further explored the role of SIRT1 in locomotion of macrophages. Myeloid-specificSirt1-deleted mice (mS1KO) and WT littermates were fed a 60% calorie high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Tissue inflammation and metabolic phenotypes were compared. Bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) from WT or mS1KO mice were used inin vitrochemotaxis assays and macrophage polarization studies. mS1KO mice fed a HFD exhibited glucose intolerance, reduced insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity with a slight decrease in body weight. Consistent with these results, pancreatic islets of mS1KO mice fed a HFD displayed decreased mass with profound apoptotic cell damage and increased macrophage infiltration and inflammation. Liver and adipose tissues from mS1KO HFD mice also showed greater accumulation of macrophages and tissue inflammation. Results fromin vitroexperiments indicated that deletion of myeloidSirt1stimulated proinflammatory M1-like polarization of BMMs and augmented the adipocyte-mediated macrophage chemotaxis. The latter effect was accompanied by increased expression and acetylation of focal adhesion kinase, as well as nuclear factor kappa B. Our results indicate that myeloid SIRT1 plays a crucial role in macrophage polarization and chemotaxis, and thus regulates the development of HFD-induced pancreatic inflammation and insulin secretion, and metabolic derangements in liver and adipose tissue.
Prophylactic Indomethacin and Intestinal Perforation in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Kelleher John , Salas Ariel A. , Bhat Ramachandra , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Saha Shampa , Stoll Barbara J. , Bell Edward F. , Walsh Michele C. , Laptook Abbot R. , Sánchez Pablo J. , Shankaran Seetha , VanMeurs Krisa P. , Hale Ellen C. , Newman Nancy S. , Ball M. Bethany , Das Abhik , Higgins Rosemary D. , Peralta-Carcelen Myriam , Carlo Waldemar A.
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE:

Prophylactic indomethacin reduces severe intraventricular hemorrhage but may increase spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Early feedings improve nutritional outcomes but may increase the risk of SIP. Despite their benefits, use of these therapies varies largely by physician preferences in part because of the concern for SIP.

METHODS:

This was a cohort study of 15 751 ELBW infants in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network from 1999 to 2010 who survived beyond 12 hours after birth. The risk of SIP was compared between groups of infants with and without exposure to prophylactic indomethacin and early feeding in unadjusted analyses and in analyses adjusted for center and for risks of SIP.

RESULTS:

Among infants exposed to prophylactic indomethacin, the risk of SIP did not differ between the indomethacin/early-feeding group compared with the indomethacin/no-early-feeding group (adjusted relative risk [RR] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49–1.11). The risk of SIP was lower in the indomethacin/early-feeding group compared with the no indomethacin/no-early-feeding group (adjusted RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37–0.90, P = .0159). Among infants not exposed to indomethacin, early feeding was associated with a lower risk of SIP compared with the no early feeding group (adjusted RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.36–0.777, P = .0011).

CONCLUSIONS:

The combined or individual use of prophylactic indomethacin and early feeding was not associated with an increased risk of SIP in ELBW infants.
Feedback on Oral Presentations During Pediatric Clerkships: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sox Colin M. , Dell Michael , Phillipi Carrie A. , Cabral Howard J. , Vargas Gabriela , Lewin Linda O.
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE:

To measure the effects of participating in structured oral presentation evaluation sessions early in pediatric clerkships on students' subsequent presentations.

METHODS:

We conducted a single-blind, 3-arm, cluster randomized controlled trial during pediatric clerkships at Boston University School of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine. Blocks of students at each school were randomly assigned to experience either (1) no formal presentation feedback (control) or a small-group presentation feedback session early in pediatric clerkships in which students gave live presentations and received feedback from faculty who rated their presentations by using a (2) single-item (simple) or (3) 18-item (detailed) evaluation form. At the clerkship end, overall quality of subjects’ presentations was rated by faculty blinded to randomization status, and subjects reported whether their presentations had improved. Analyses included multivariable linear and logistic regressions clustered on clerkship block that controlled for medical school.

RESULTS:

A total of 476 participants were evenly divided into the 3 arms, which had similar characteristics. Compared with controls, presentation quality was significantly associated with participating in detailed (coefficient: 0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.07–0.69) but not simple (coefficient: 0.16; 95% CI: −0.12–0.43) feedback sessions. Similarly, student self-report of presentation improvement was significantly associated with participating in detailed (odds ratio: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.11–4.18] but not simple (odds ratio: 1.89; 95% CI: 0.91–3.93) feedback sessions.

CONCLUSIONS:

Small-group presentation feedback sessions led by faculty using a detailed evaluation form resulted in clerkship students delivering oral presentations of higher quality compared with controls.
Histological changes caused by continuous ultrasonic waves of 01 MHz on the epiphyseal disk of murine tibia
Authors: Silva Daniela Pinheiro , Pinheiro Barcessat Ana Rita , Cavalcante Muniz José Wagner
Published: October 2014

AIMS: To evaluate the histological changes in the epiphyseal disk of the tibia in growing mice during exposure to ultrasonic waves of 1MHz frequency.

METHODS: Experimental study of quantitative and randomized nature. For this purpose, 16 Swiss albino mice of the Webster strain, during growth, aged 3 weeks and weighing 10-15 g were randomly divided into two groups of eight animals each and exposed to ultrasonic waves in the right tibia. Groups D1 (exposed to a dose of 0.1 W/cm2) and D2 (exposed dose of 0.5 W/cm2) were assigned. The control group, designated C, was represented by 16 samples relating to the contralateral side of each animal of groups D1 and D2. Procedures occurred in an application/day, totaling 10 applications without interruption. The samples were analyzed histological by hematoxylin-eosin staining techniques, Alcian blue and Von Kossa stains, in order to measure the area of the head versus the tibia epiphysial disc, beyond the thickness of the proliferative and hypertrophic zones. For statistical analysis we used the Friedman test with Bonferroni correction.

RESULTS: The bone tissue was influenced by ultrasonic waves, as well as the epiphyseal plate, where the group had the largest parameter of the total area larger than the other disc. The calcified zone was not influenced by the ultrasonic waves, but the proliferative zone was sensitive to this therapy, especially at the lowest dose. No pathological changes were found in the treated and control groups.

CONCLUSIONS: With the parameters used in this study positive action of ultrasound was observed in the cartilage and bone tissue formation, not being possible to determine what was the intensity level of the application of ultrasound statistically more significant.
Spondylocostal dysostosis: follow-up of two cases
Authors: Monteiro da Costa Mariana Machado , Raposo Filipa , Pinheiro Marina , Monteiro Emília
Published: October 2014

AIMS: To report two cases of spondylocostal dysostosis, describing their clinical presentation and evolution.

CASES DESCRIPTION: Two non-related cases of spondylocostal dysostosis are reported. The first case consists of an 11 years old boy, and the second case is a girl with four years of age. In both cases, short neck and trunk, scoliosis, rib and sacrococcygeal anomalies were evident at birth. The clinical diagnosis of spondylocostal dysostosis was confirmed by the finding of a mutation in both alleles of the DLL3 gene. Their clinical evolution was satisfactory, with no respiratory complications until this report.

CONCLUSIONS: The spondylocostal dysostosis are a group of disorders characterized by severe skeletal malformations, with rib anomalies such as broadening, bifurcation and no symmetric fusion. Although it is known to be a rare situation, its exact incidence or prevalence is not well established. An early diagnosis and appropriate management are extremely important for adequate family counseling and follow-up.
Fish, Ichthyomyzon bdellium, Ichthyomyzon greeleyi, Noturus flavus, Moxostoma breviceps, Lythrurus umbratilis, Notropis buccatus, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Morone americana, Lepomis cyanellus, Ammocrypta pellucida: distribution extensions
Authors: Daniels Robert A. , Carlson Douglas M. , Morse Richard S. , Weatherwax Bryan R.
Published: October 2014

None
Reptilia, Colubridae, Drymarchon melanurus: Filling distribution gaps
Authors: Cisneros-Heredia Diego F.
Published: October 2014

None
Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae, Leptodactylus labyrinthicus: rediscovery and distribution extension in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Santos Tiago Gomes dos , Haddad Célio F. B.
Published: October 2014

None
Aves, Podilymbus podiceps, Ardea alba, Egretta thula, Nycticorax nycticorax, Ixobrychus exilis, Porzana carolina, Porphyrula martinica, Gallinula chloropus, Phalaropus tricolor, Vanellus resplendens: Distribution extensions, filling gaps, historical occurrence
Authors: Cisneros-Heredia Diego F.
Published: October 2014

None
Amphibia, Bokermannohyla nanuzae, Scinax curicica, Leptodactylus camaquara, Physalaemus evangelistai, and Proceratophrys cururu: Distribution extensions
Authors: Leite Felipe Sá Fortes , Pezzuti Tiago Leite , Viana Pedro Lage
Published: October 2014

None
Progressive Postnatal Pansynostosis
Authors: Rogers Gary F. , Greene Arin K. , Proctor Mark R. , Mulliken John B. , Goobie Susan M. , Stoler Joan M.
Published: October 2014

Objective

To describe the subtle clinical features, genetic considerations, and management of progressive postnatal pansynostosis, a rare form of multisutural craniosynostosis that insidiously occurs after birth and causes inconspicuous cranial changes.

Design, Participants, Setting

The study is a retrospective chart review of all patients diagnosed with progressive postnatal pansynostosis at a major craniofacial center between 2000 and 2009. Patients with kleebattschädel were excluded.

Results

Nineteen patients fit our inclusion criteria. Fifteen patients had a syndromic diagnosis: Crouzon syndrome (n = 8), Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (n = 5), and Pfeiffer syndrome (n = 2). With the exception of one patient with moderate turricephaly, all patients had a relatively normal head shape with cranial indices ranging from 0.72 to 0.93 (mean, 0.81). Patients were diagnosed at an average of 32.4 months; craniosynostosis was suspected based on declining percentile head circumference (n = 14), detection of an apical prominence (n = 12), papilledema (n = 7), and worsening exorbitism (n = 3). Nearly all patients had evidence of increased intracranial pressure.

Conclusion

Progressive postnatal pansynostosis is insidious; diagnosis is typically delayed because the clinical signs are subtle and appear gradually. All infants or children with known or suspected craniosynostotic disorder and a normal head shape should be carefully monitored; computed tomography is indicated if there is any decrease in percentile head circumference or symptoms of intracranial pressure.
Comparative growth mechanism study for two thermoelectric compounds
Authors: Holder Cameron F. , Rugen Evan E. , Anderson Mary E.
Published: October 2014

Reaction pathways have been determined for the formation of two thermoelectric materials, bismuth telluride and lead telluride, fabricated by solution-phase, solid-state synthesis. The fabrication of these compounds by way of a modified polyol process has been investigated because this bottom-up approach has a proclivity for tailoring nanoscale features and has the potential to reduce manufacturing costs. These thermoelectric nanomaterials were characterized by powder X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. By generating a range of samples as a function of temperature, mechanisms of formation were determined by mapping out changes in crystal structure, morphology and elemental composition. Growth mechanisms for both materials were compared to investigate which growth stages are unique to the compound being fabricated and which are common to the synthetic method. Findings showed that the formation of intermediate stages was dependent on variables beyond temperature and time, such as reduction rate, conjugate anion of the starting reagent and the reaction atmosphere. These types of experimental investigations of wet-chemical methods to fabricate nanomaterials with energy-related applications are fundamental to determine the feasibility of this approach to fabricate thermoelectric materials with reduced production costs and improved energy transport properties.
Percepção dos Alunos de Ciências Contábeis em Relação à Carga Tributária no Brasil: Um Estudo Comparativo entre Alunos Ingressantes e Concluintes
Authors: Curcino Geordana Mendonça , Ávila Lucimar Antônio Cabral de , Malaquias Rodrigo Fernandes
Published: November 2014

O objetivo geral deste artigo foi analisar comparativamente a percepção dos alunos ingressantes e concluintes de Graduação em Ciências Contábeis em relação à carga tributária no Brasil. Para atingir o citado objetivo, realizou-se um estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, e utilização de um questionário, que foi aplicado aos três primeiros e três últimos períodos do curso de Ciências Contábeis de uma universidade federal mineira. Tal questionário foi elaborado com três blocos, o primeiro destinado a coletar dados sobre o perfil da amostra e os dois últimos compostos por questões sobre a carga tributária. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado o teste t de Student, para a verificação da ocorrência ou não de significância estatística entre as diferenças de respostas obtidas dos grupos. Os resultados sugerem que houve poucas diferenças significativas entre as percepções dos graduandos iniciantes e concluintes em relação à carga tributária no Brasil e que, portanto, a condição de concluinte não conferiu aos discentes maiores conhecimentos do que aos iniciantes. Além disso, verificou-se que os concluintes possuem uma visão mais pessimista em relação ao sistema tributário nacional do que os iniciantes.
Balanced Scorecard em uma Instituição de Ensino Superior: uma Proposta de Modelo para Gestão Estratégica
Authors: Ulyssea David da Silva , Martins Cristina , Silva Jonas Duarte da , Giarola Pollyanna Gerola , Lima Carlos Rogério Montenegro de
Published: November 2014

Este artigo tem como objetivo propor um modelo para a gestão estratégica organizacional de Instituições de Ensino Superior, por meio da estruturação de um Balanced Scorecard (BSC) - ferramenta eficaz que traduz a visão e a estratégia organizacional em metas operacionais. Ressalta-se que embora as perspectivas originais sugeridas por Kaplan e Norton (1997) sejam as mais utilizadas, algumas IES geram perspectivas diferenciadas, como a perspectiva Sociedade no caso da Faculdade Alfa (nome fictício), particularmente aqui estudada. A abordagem da pesquisa é qualitativa e quanto aos objetivos se considera exploratória. As estratégias de pesquisa utilizadas foram bibliográfica, documental e estudo de caso. Os dados foram coletados por meio de estudo observacional, bem como de fontes secundárias. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que: (i) as estratégias da instituição estão traduzidas em iniciativas e ações, por meio da ferramenta BSC; (ii) a instituição traduziu os objetivos estratégicos do Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional em metas operacionais e (iii) o mapeamento da instituição desenvolvido por meio da metodologia BSC gerou uma visão holística e alinhada das estratégias desdobrando-as até seu nível operacional.
Comparative effectiveness of follow-up imaging approaches in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Reeder-Hayes Katherine E , Freburger Janet , Feaganes John , Peacock Hinton Sharon , Henderson Louise M , Massing Mark , Schenck Anna P , Stearns Sally C , Carpenter William R , Chen Ronald C , Khandani Amir H
Published: October 2014

Aim:
Although PET imaging is sometimes used in follow-up of pancreatic cancer, evidence regarding comparative effectiveness of PET and older imaging modalities is limited.
Patients & methods:
Linked cancer registry and Medicare claims data were analyzed to examine patterns of imaging and effects on treatment patterns and survival among newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer patients from 2003 to 2007.
Results:
12% of patients received PET during follow-up. In a time-varying exposure model, computed tomography/MRI was associated with lower mortality risk relative to PET in surgical patients (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.52–0.83). In a subset analysis, type of follow-up imaging before 180 days was not associated with mortality after 180 days (computed tomography/MRI vs PET; hazard ratio: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.84–1.16).
Conclusion:
Follow-up PET is uncommon among Medicare beneficiaries with pancreatic cancer, and is generally used late in the disease course. This pattern of PET use was not associated with decreased mortality risk compared with conventional imaging.
A framework for creating standardized outcome measures for patient registries
Authors: Gliklich Richard E , Leavy Michelle B , Karl Jannette , Campion Daniel M , Levy Daniel , Berliner Elise
Published: October 2014

Aim:
Our objectives were to create a conceptual framework for development of standard outcome measures and to design and pilot test a tool for displaying outcome measures.
Materials & methods:
Information on outcome measures used in registries was gathered through stakeholder discussions, which informed the development of the outcome measurement framework and the related tool.
Results:
The outcome measurement framework is a conceptual model for how information relevant to evaluating patient outcomes may be defined and collected in a standard way for a broad range of health areas. The related tool facilitates collecting, displaying and searching for information on outcome measures.
Conclusion:
The model developed through this process offers a framework that can be used to define outcome measures in a standard way across medical conditions.
Ventricular assist device use in congenital heart disease with a comparison to heart transplant
Authors: Miller Jacob R , Eghtesady Pirooz
Published: October 2014

Despite advances in medical and surgical therapies, some children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are not able to be adequately treated or palliated, leading them to develop progressive heart failure. As these patients progress to end-stage heart failure they pose a unique set of challenges. Heart transplant remains the standard of care; the donor pool, however, remains limited. Following the experience from the adult realm, the pediatric ventricular assist device (VAD) has emerged as a valid treatment option as a bridge to transplant. Due to the infrequent necessity and the uniqueness of each case, the pediatric VAD in the CHD population remains a topic with limited information. Given the experience in the adult realm, we were tasked with reviewing pediatric VADs and their use in patients with CHD and comparing this therapy to heart transplantation when possible.
Importance of comparative effectiveness research to the future of healthcare evaluation and delivery
Authors: Lyman Gary H
Published: October 2014

Gary H Lyman speaks to Laura Dormer, Commissioning Editor:
Gary H Lyman is a practicing medical oncologist and is nationally and internationally recognized for his leadership in comparative effectiveness, health services and outcomes research. He is a Full Member in the Cancer Prevention Program, Public Health Sciences Division at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (WA, USA), where he co-directs the Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research, a multidisciplinary team devoted to clinical and economic evaluations of new and existing cancer prevention, screening and treatment technologies. In addition, Lyman is also Professor of Medicine and Adjunct Professor in the Department of Health Services in the School of Public Health and the School of Pharmacy at the University of Washington.
Sustainable forest management planning in Serbia
Authors: Medarevic Milan , Sljukic Biljana , Obradovic Snezana
Published: October 2014

The forest cover of Serbia occupies around 29% of its territory, which puts
it among fairly well wooded countries in Europe. The forests of Serbia are
characterized by both state and private forests, medium preservation status,
i.e. 27% of area that is covered by insufficiently stocked stands. Coppice
forests cover about 50% of the area, and private forests are additionally
burdened by fragmented plots. Forest management planning in Serbia is older
than 200 years (The Plan of Deliblato Sands Afforestation 1806). There are
two basic assumptions that define forest management planning: sustainability
and multifunctionality. Today, forest management planning in Serbia is
regulated by the Law on forests and it has the characteristics of a system.
The planning also has the characteristics of an integral, integrated and
adaptive system. The latter is particularly important in terms of pronounced
climatic changes. For the forests in protected objects of nature, there are
also other types of plans that complement sector plans in forestry (e.g.
management plans in protected areas).
Sustainable use of forest and hunting resources
Authors: Danilovic Milorad , Gacic Dragan
Published: October 2014

This paper presents the issue of the use of forest and hunting resources in
Serbia, with special emphasis on their sustainability. The use of modern
technological solutions in terms of sustainable use of forest and hunting
resources should be seen through an analysis and evaluation of environmental
impacts. The existing machinery used in Serbian forestry cannot respond to
the current demands of forestry production. However, the current unfavourable
conditions can be significantly improved with appropriate measures. The
planning of a network of roads including a number of factors that directly
and indirectly affect sustainable use is of great importance for the
development of forestry and hunting. Wood biomass in Serbian forests should
be used in the manner and to the extent that ensures the sustainability of
ecosystems and the production of large quantities of energy. In recent years,
non-timber forest products have gained importance, so that the income
generated from their use is growing. The impact of newly adopted laws and
bylaws in the field of forestry, hunting and the protection of nature and
environment will depend primarily on their application, control, execution
and possible amendments and adjustments.
Sustainable governance in forestry and nature protection
Authors: Nonic Dragan , Avdibegovic Mersudin , Nedeljkovic Jelena , Radosavljevic Aleksandar , Rankovic Nenad
Published: October 2014

At the global level, due to the negative effects of over-exploitation of
natural resources, numerous processes and initiatives for their conservation
and sustainable governance have started. The beginning of the transition
process, as well as political and economic changes that followed in the
countries in transition, were in line with the new orientation of the
international forest and nature protection policy. The transition process
has caused, among other things, a redefinition of the role of government in
managing natural resources. This meant a shift from ?government? to
?governance? concept. This concept refers to the change from the classical
approach of ?command and control? to active participation of all involved
parties and establishing rules for the division of responsibilities and
benefits. The aim of the paper is to identify, analyze and systematise the
current concepts of sustainable governance in forestry and nature
protection, their characteristics and the principles on which they are
based, with a main purpose of preparation of a research platform for more
detailed research in this area. The paper gives recommendations for the
application of the principles of governance in forestry and nature
protection, as well as recommendations for future research in this area.
The European crisis and global economy dynamics: Continental enlargement versus Atlantic opening
Authors: Mendonça António
Published: October 2014

The fundamental idea we discuss in this paper is that the failure of Europe
to deal with the international crisis is due, first and foremost, to the
deepening of a more specific crisis that affected the very process of
European integration and developed through two main channels: one, broader,
linked to the erosion of the original driving forces underpinning integration
in Europe; another, more circumscribed, linked to the malfunctioning of the
euro as an internal adjustment mechanism of the currency zone. To deal with
these structural dimensions of the crisis, we put forward a model of a Global
Europe against the model of Continental Europe that has dominated the
integration process until now and in this alternative framework we discuss
the potential role of Portugal and of the Community of Portuguese Speaking
Countries.
Heading forward to the "Mura-Drava-Danube transboundary biosphere reserve"
Authors: Petrovic Milos
Published: October 2014

At ministry assembly in Budapest in March 2011, republics such as Austria,
Slovenia, Hungary, Croatia and Serbia, were signatories of common
Declaration on the preparation of the establishment of the ?Mura - Drava -
Danube Transboundary Biosphere Reserve?(MDD-TBR). Even though this document
does not have obligatory character for states that signed it, this
declaration represents the obvious course these states will follow in order
to improve their cooperation. Beside political, economic, cultural and other
well developed forms of cooperation, a multilateral cooperation emerges
within the areas of conservation, protection and improvement of flora and
fauna of the Danube and rivers Drava and Mura that belong to The Danube
River Basin. In this article the author provided a short review of basic
international legal documents that refer to Biosphere Reserves regarding
specifically the overall Danube Strategy by European Union and belonging
Action Plane to Danube Strategy. The author analyzed the paramount clauses
of Declaration MDD - TBR, with intention to reveal this little known
document to scientific and professional public. In that sense, the
principles for selecting the actual biosphere reserve have become a priority
as well as the elemental objectives a biosphere reserve should accomplish
and its spatial organization.
On the (finaly promulgated) new Hungarian Civil Code from 2013
Authors: Dudás Attila
Published: October 2014

After 15 years of codification of civil law, with one ?unsuccessful attempt?
represented by the Civil Code from 2009, Hungary finally received a new Code
in February, 2013. By its coming into force on March 15th, 2014, the Civil
Code from 1959 finally ceased to exist which, regardless the fact that it has
been amended more than 100 times, permanently bore the marks of the era in
which it was conceived. The new Civil Code may be regarded as the first
complete code in the history of codification of civil law in Hungary, since
it comprises all classical branches of civil law. The completeness of the new
Code is additionally reinforced by the fact that it is based on the principle
of monism in the wider sense, meaning that besides unified rules on all
contracts, commercial and non-commercial, it contains rules on the status of
all legal entities as well. In contrast to the ?first? new Civil Code from
2009, the ?second? new Civil Code from 2013 represents an incomparably higher
degree of compromise. Therefore, it has all the predispositions to be
long-lasting and stable, which are the most important distinctive features of
a solid civil law codification. In this paper the subject of analysis are the
process of codification of civil law from 2009 until 2013 and the most
important novelties of the new Civil Code.
Evaluation of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent labeling of equine cord blood and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Bourzac Celine A. , Koenig Judith B. , Link Kaitlyn A. , Nykamp Stephanie G. , Koch Thomas G.
Published: October 2014

Objective—To evaluate the efficacy and effects of labeling equine umbilical cord blood (UCB)– and bone marrow (BM)–derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) contrast agent and the detection of labeled MSCs by use of MRI.

Sample—UCB MSCs from placental tissues of 5 foals and BM MSCs from 5 horses.

Procedures—UCB and BM MSC cultures were seeded in duplicate (5,000 cells/cm2). One duplicate was incubated with SPIO (50 μg/mL); the other was processed identically, but without SPIO. Mesenchymal stromal cells were expanded in triplicates for 5 passages and assessed for viability and proliferative capacity, labeling efficacy, and labeled cell proportion. For MRI detection, 5 × 106 labeled BM MSCs from passage 1 or 2 were injected into a collagenase-induced superficial digital flexor tendon defect of an equine cadaveric forelimb from 2 horses.

Results—For passages 1, 2, and 3, labeling efficacy and cell proportion for UCB MSCs (99.6% [range, 98.8% to 99.9%], 16.6% [range, 6.5% to 36.1%], and 1.0% [range, 0.4% to 2.8%], respectively) were significantly higher than for BM MSCs (99.2% [range, 97.8% to 99.7%], 4.5% [range, 1.6% to 11.8%], and 0.2% [range, 0.1% to 0.6%], respectively). Labeling was not detectable after passage 3. Viability of MSCs was not affected, but cell doubling time increased in labeled MSCs, compared with that of unlabeled MSCs. On MRI 3-D T2*-weighted fast gradient echo sequences, decreased signal intensity was observed for BM passage 1 MSCs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Equine UCB and BM MSCs were labeled with SPIO at high efficiencies.
In vitro evaluation of a novel fiducial marker for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of soft tissues in small animals
Authors: Terry Jesse L. , Milovancev Milan , Nemanic Sarah
Published: October 2014

Objective—To construct and optimize a fiducial marker suitable for both CT and MRI.

Sample—Fiducial markers containing serial dilutions of iopamidol mixed with water.

Procedures—IV tubing sets were infused with serial dilutions (0% to 100%; increments of 10%) of iopamidol. Tubing ends were sealed; additional seals were added to create an equilateral triangle. A reference point was created by placing a crimp in 1 side. Markers were fixed to a gelatin soft tissue–attenuating phantom and evaluated by use of CT and MRI. For CT, simple linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the percentage of marker contrast medium and quantitative variables, including marker attenuation, attenuation changes in the phantom, and beam-hardening artifact length. A subjective grading scheme for artifact creation on CT images and marker visibility on MRI images was used. Measurements were obtained by investigators who were unaware of the contents of each marker.

Results—Percentage of contrast medium in each marker was strongly correlated with marker attenuation (r2 = 0.96), artifact length (r2 = 0.765), and mean attenuation changes within the phantom (r2 = 0.826) for CT. Subjective CT scores indicated that concentrations of contrast medium > 50% resulted in excessive artifacts. Markers with concentrations of iopamidol > 50% had poor subjective MRI visibility scores. No artifacts were seen on MRI.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A marker containing a 10% solution of iodinated contrast medium mixed with water provided ideal contrast for both CT and MRI.
Use of micro-lightguide spectrophotometry for evaluation of microcirculation in the small and large intestines of horses without gastrointestinal disease
Authors: Reichert Christof , Kästner Sabine B. R. , Hopster Klaus , Rohn Karl , Rötting Anna K.
Published: October 2014

Objective—To evaluate the use of a micro-lightguide tissue spectrophotometer for measurement of tissue oxygenation and blood flow in the small and large intestines of horses under anesthesia.

Animals—13 adult horses without gastrointestinal disease.

Procedures—Horses were anesthetized and placed in dorsal recumbency. Ventral midline laparotomy was performed. Intestinal segments were exteriorized to obtain measurements. Spectrophotometric measurements of tissue oxygenation and regional blood flow of the jejunum and pelvic flexure were obtained under various conditions that were considered to have a potential effect on measurement accuracy. In addition, arterial oxygen saturation at the measuring sites was determined by use of pulse oximetry.

Results—12,791 single measurements of oxygen saturation, relative amount of hemoglobin, and blood flow were obtained. Errors occurred in 381 of 12,791 (2.98%) measurements. Most measurement errors occurred when surgical lights were directed at the measuring site; covering the probe with the surgeon's hand did not eliminate this error source. No measurement errors were observed when the probe was positioned on the intestinal wall with room light, at the mesenteric side, or between the mesenteric and antimesenteric side. Values for blood flow had higher variability, and this was most likely caused by motion artifacts of the intestines.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The micro-lightguide spectrophotometry system was easy to use on the small and large intestines of horses and provided rapid evaluation of the microcirculation. Results indicated that measurements should be performed with room light only and intestinal motion should be minimized.
The new system of the talent development program in Hungarian soccer
Authors: Csáki István , Géczi Gábor , Kassay Lilli , Déri Diana , Révész László , Dávid Zalai , Bognár József
Published: October 2014

Study aim: due to a series of failures and the drastic reduction in the quality of Hungarian soccer, greater emphasis should be put on coaches’ professional development and talent development programs. The aim of this study was to present the newly established Hungarian Soccer Development Program that focuses on the development of youth talent.

Methods: document analysis and in-depth interviews were utilized during the research process. All Program leaders were interviewed in the Hungarian Soccer Development Program (N = 5). The interviews were preceded by thorough document analysis of the Program and the new strategies and plans of the Hungarian Football Federation. The authors systematically examined the Program and were able to prepare systematically for in-depth interviews whose focus was the specific areas that weren’t present in the document.

Results: the main aim of this Program is to give a mass base for the selection of soccer talent and to promote the development of Hungarian soccer in the long run. The measurement and evaluation systems chosen for the identification is a complex process: children go through several selection phases until they achieve the best in their age cohort. For the successful realization of this Program, there is a need for a change in attitude and also for the development of a mass base in Hungarian soccer. The number of players under the age of 18 years should reach a solid 200,000 players. Those who established the Program also introduced a control and assessment system to improve efficiency, which helps to keep the different programs and sessions of the Program at a high level. Coaches’ education and professional development is also in a focus: the Program’s content and methodology is specific for the age cohort and constantly changing for better practices.

Discussion and conclusions: the Program reinforced opinions that emphasized that selection is a long-term and systematic process in which regular tests and measurements are needed. Gifted young soccer players should not be selected simply for their physical outlook but rather on those conditions that are difficult to measure: the way they play the game, their skills, and their motivation for success. Talent selection and management should depend on their individual and team abilities and skills, technical skills, and assertiveness. Only those coaches with high-level understanding, competencies, and motivation can make changes in the sport.
The influence of the deep muscle training on postural control and muscle tone among stroke patients. Preliminary observations
Authors: Szczygieł Elżbieta , Zielonka Katarzyna , Mazur Tadeusz , Golec Joanna , Turczyk Alicja , Kogut Małgorzata
Published: October 2014

Introduction: An ischemic stroke is one of the most common causes of disability among adults. The results of a stroke incident are: abnormal muscle tension, free movement and postural control dysfunction, walking disturbances, body asymmetry. They contribute to the significant changes in the proper functioning in daily life. The aim of the project was to assess the influence of the exercises that activate deep body muscles on the postural control and muscle tension among people after ischemic stroke.

Material and methods: The study included 18 patients (7 women and 11 men) after ischemic stroke with hemiparesis. Those patients was divided into two groups: research group (RG): 9 patients (average age 61,33), time from the stroke: 2 months to 4 years, control group (CG): 9 patients (average age 69,56), time from the stroke: 2 months to 4 years. RG was following the standard exercise program and additionally was performing exercises which activate deep body muscles. CG was following only the standard therapy program. PUM chair was used for deep muscles exercises. The posture control was assessed according to the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patient and the muscle tension was assessed according to the Ashworth scale.

Results: In the study group after deep muscle training reported a significant correlation between muscle spasticity of the lower and changes in body position.

Conclusions: Obtained results indicate on the need to introduce deep muscles therapy in the reeducation of postural control among patients with hemiparesis and to continue research on more extensive group of patients.
Trunk Impairment Scale -TIS precise tool for evaluating trunk motor deficit of stroke patients
Authors: Sidaway Marta , Ujma Renata , Krawczyk Maciej
Published: October 2014

Stroke causes impairment of brain function resulting in the disorder of motor control of the trunk. Assessment of the movement of a patient with hemiparesis poses many difficulties and limitations. A standard clinical neurological diagnosis does not provide an accurate assessment in terms of trunk deficit. This is the reason for the relatively small and insufficient monitoring of motor changes in patients. Post stroke assessment of the trunk is still insufficient despite the fact that disorders are a common problem in patients with stroke. Trunk function has been identified as an important early predictor of functional outcome after stroke.

Trunk Impairment Scale-TIS is the only well-validated tool to examine a patient with hemiparesis taking into account qualitative and quantitative assessment of the trunk deficit. This scale consists of three subscales: static balance in sitting, dynamic balance sitting and coordination. TIS assesses existing compensation during motor tasks. The scale was translated into Polish and pre-adapted to clinical practice

The scale supports clinical reasoning in terms of structure and function, body disorders and activity limitations of patients after stroke It appears that the introduction of scale in the clinical study for patients with stroke hemiplegia may not only affect the expansion of detailed documentation of motor deficits, but to support planning and carrying out appropriate (suitable) physiotherapy strategies.
Occurrence and distribution of parasites in relation to food components of grey gurnard, Eutrigla gurnardus (L.) (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes), off the Shetland Islands
Authors: Sobecka Ewa , Więcaszek Beata , Łuczak Ewa , Antoszek Artur
Published: October 2014

The research was conducted on the parasite fauna and food composition of Eutrigla gurnardus caught as by-catch in commercial catches of the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua near the Shetland Islands. Thirteen species and two genera of pathogens were identified, including six species and one genus recorded for the first time in this host. Copepoda — Euphausiacea dominated in the stomach contents (they are also the intermediate hosts for most of the parasites found), while Gadidae dominated among the fish. A checklist of E. gurnardus parasites is included.