bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Behavior of Corrosion Resistance Alloys
Authors: Zhang Tao , Jing Hong Yang , Han Yong Dian , Xu Lian Yong
Published: December 2011

The electrochemical behavior of corrosion resistance alloys (316L SS, 2205 DSS and Inconel 625) was carried out at ambient temperature in 3.5% NaCl solution using potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Some significant characterization parameters such as Ecorr, Eb, Icorr and △E in polarisation curves were analyzed and compared to reveal the corrosion resistance of corrosion resistance alloys. The ZsimpWin software was utilized to discuss the Nyquist plots of various corrosion resistance alloys. The result shows that the corrosion resistance of the corrosion resistance alloys in 3.5% NaCl solution at ambient temperature follows the sequence: Inconel 625> 2205 DSS > 316L SS.
Experimental Analysis of Residual Stresses in Cold Formed Truck Frame Side Rail Structures
Authors: Chinnaraj K. , Sathya Prasad M. , Lakshmana Rao C.
Published: December 2011

One of the major applications for cold formed carbon steel ‘C’ sections is through load carrying structural frame side members in heavy road vehicles. Though it is expected that forming operations would enhance the mechanical properties of sections as a whole by strain-hardening, it leaves certain amount of residual stresses throughout the sections. It is thus necessary to account for the effect of residual stresses remaining from cold forming operations accurately, while assessing the mechanical behavior of truck side frame rail sections. In this work, an experimental investigation was carried out to assess residual stresses induced by cold forming operation of truck frame rail sections through X-ray diffraction method. Also an attempt was made to study the effect of shot-peening operation employed as a surface enhancement method on frame rail residual stresses.
Chip Prediction in Finite Element Modeling of the Chip Formation Process during Cutting Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Ye Yu Gang
Published: December 2011

Based on the theory of adiabatic shearing, the forming process of a serrated chip during cutting Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy was analyzed by comparing the results of the finite element (FE) calculations with the cutting experiments. The results show that the equivalent stress, equivalent strain and equivalent strain rate within a ribbon chip varied a little, but they varied a lot within a serrated chip. Moreover, the effect of cutting speed on equivalent strain rate is greater than on the equivalent stress and equivalent strain within a serrated chip. It can also be found from the results that there are small gaps between the simulation results and experimental results for the chip thickness and sawtooth height, while there is a big gap for saw-tooth pitch. This means that the simulation model has its limitations for accurate simulation of micro-geometric shape of a chip during cutting the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy, and further research remains to be done.
Mechanics of Design and Model Development of CVC-Plus Roll Curve
Authors: Xu Jian Zhong , Gong Dian Yao , Jiang Zheng Yi , Liu Xianghua , Wang Guo Dong
Published: December 2011

The mathematic model of CVC-Plus work roll curve is built. The ratio of the initial shifting value to the target crown is determined, and the mathematical model considering the relationship between the coefficients A2, A3, A4, A5 and is established. According to the theoretical analysis, the distance between the maximum or minimum point of the high order equivalent crown for work roll with CVC-plus roll curve and the rolling central point is the times of the roll barrel length. In general, the initial shifting value of the CVC-plus roll curve is not equal to the initial shifting value of the 3-order CVC roll curve . The coefficient A1 can also be obtained by optimizing the target function with minimizing the axial force.
The Study on BFRP Binding Force of Secondary Compression Tests of Concrete Short Columns
Authors: Ma Wei Ha
Published: December 2011

This article has test researched on the BFRP constraint compression of the concrete short columns secondary stress axial compression , got C20, C25 reinforced concrete specimens of stress-strain curve test, studies show that strengthened specimens of strength and deformation of the increased significantly, and the degree of improve related with the size of initial stress. Through testing the processing and analysis of data, concludes that the calculation formula of peak stress and strain of the strengthening specimens under the secondary stress and can reflect the influence of different condition of initial stress .
The Effect of Preheating Temperature on the Microstructure and Properties of Copper by the Liquid Die Forging Technology
Authors: Yang Gui Rong , Song Wen Ming , Ma Ying , Hao Yuan
Published: December 2011

The copper specimen was fabricated through liquid die forging under different preheating temperature of mold condition. The effect of preheating temperature of mold on the microstructure, density, hardness, tensile strength and electrical conductivity were investigated. The results show that the crystal grain size was deceased firstly and then increased with the increasing of preheating temperature. Crystal grain was uniform and fine when the preheating temperature was 250 °C. The density of copper fabricated through liquid die forging was improved by about 5% comparing with that through static casting in metal mold. The hardness of copper fabricated through liquid die forging was HBS 85.2 when the preheating temperature was 250°C, which was higher than that at the rest preheating temperature conditions. The tensile strength was 288 MPa when the preheating temperature was 250°C. There was no obvious effect on the electrical conductivity under different preheating temperature.
Experimental Investigation of Surface Roughness in High Speed Turning of Hardened AISI P20 Steel
Authors: Cui Bo Di
Published: December 2011

Surface roughness is one of the most important product quality characteristics. In this paper, experimental investigation of surface roughness was performed in high speed turning of hardened AISI P20 steel with CBN tool based on design of experiment. The influence of cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius on surface roughness were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Optimal cutting parameters were found to improve the machining performance. Due to the complexity of machining process, artificial neural network (ANN) was employed to develop the predictive model of surface roughness. Simulations were done to study the relationship between surface roughness and cutting parameters based on the proposed model.
Effect of Brazing Temperature and Clearance on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Brazed Joints
Authors: Chen Zhuo Jun , Yang Chang Jin , Gu Xiao Long , Wu Cheng Dong , Feng Long Long
Published: December 2011

Vacuum brazing of 316L stainless steel with BNi-2 brazing filler metal.The effects of brazing temperature and brazing clearance on microstructure and mechanical properties of vacuum brazed joints of 316L stainless steel were studied. The results show that: As brazing temperature being 1 070 °C, with the increasing of the brazing clearance, the joint shear strength value become lower and lower. Brazing clearance compounds mainly contain intermetallic and solid solutions.
The Research of Characteristic Agent Used in Cold Bending Centre Sill
Authors: Li Da Zhi , Li Guo Chang , Wang Lei
Published: December 2011

Cold-bent section is one kind economic section molding of low energy consumption and high benefit, it is widely applied in the construction, the astronautics, the light industry and so on many fields. Deformation mechanism of the cold- bent section is extremely complex, relations of deformation strength and energy and steel belt deformation can not described by the simple function. Thus leads to complexity of the roll pass design. Establishing multi-Agent system corresponding with the steel belt characteristic finite strip sets, Introducing characteristic multi- Agent model strategy can intelligentize the condensing data, thus can realize the roll pass design intelligentization.
Development of Experimental Devices for Tube Hydro-Forming
Authors: Rong Hai Song , Yang Lian Fa , Mao Xian Chang
Published: December 2011

The exploitation of Tube Hydro-forming (THF) experimental device plays an important role on the development of THF technology. In this paper, some representative experimental devices are introduced, including device with outside pressure source and device with internal pressure source. The working principle, technical characteristics, sealing mode and pressurization way are compared and analyzed. Meanwhile, the development trend in exploitation of the test device is envisioned.
Optimization of Parameters and Research on Joint Microstructure of Resistance Spot Welding of 201 Stainless Steel
Authors: Liu Hui , Wang Hai Dong , Zhang Xiao Qing , Li Cai Wen
Published: December 2011

The experimental investigations on resistance spot welding of 201 stainless steel are presented. Experiments are carried out to study the influence of spot welding parameters (electrode force, welding current and welding time) on the tensile shear load and the diameter of nugget, based on an orthogonal test and analysis method. The optimum parameters are as follows: electrode force is 3600N, welding current is 6400A and welding time is 8 cycles. The maximum tensile shear force is up to 8920N.The microstructure of spot weld is columnar crystals in the nugget and equiaxed grains around periphery induced by non-equilibrium freezing. And the heat input has great influence on the welding defects which can cause joint quality degradation.
Preliminary Study on Nanometer Grouting Materials
Authors: Guo Li , Xie Bing , Li Hong Fang
Published: December 2011

The application of grouting technology in the reinforcement and water shutoff of underground engineering is very extensive. The grouting technology mainly includes two aspects: grouting process and grouting material. The grouting material is a vital link in grouting. It affects the cost of construction directly, and determines the success or failure of the engineering. The smaller the molecular dimension of solution or solid particle dimension, the greater the scope that the grout can be injected into. And it is beneficial to the grouting effect. With the development of nanotechnology, the development of nanometer grouting materials is feasible, and is also a great breakthrough for the grouting technique.
Effect of Current on the Interfacial Structures of the Dissimilar Metals Diffusion Bonding
Authors: Hu Li Fang , Wang Fu Ming , Chen Shao Ping , Meng Qing Sen
Published: December 2011

In this paper, the growth process of the interfaces of Mg-Al-Mg and Mg-Cu-Mg diffusion bonding layers which are prepared by the field-active diffusion bonding (FDB) process were investigated. The OM, SEM, EDS and XRD were applied to analyze the microstructure, phase components of the diffusion dissolution layer. The results show that the morphology and width of the diffusion dissolution layer were significantly affected by the electric field strength. At low temperature, the bonding layer was formed through solid state diffusion process, liquid phase existed between the two dissimilar metals at high temperature and eutectic layer was formed at the bonding interface. As for the Mg-Al couples, when the current density was 80Acm-2 the thickness of the transition layer was 120μm which was 12 times higher than current-free condition at 450°C for 50min.
Surface Roughness Prediction in Ball-End Milling Process for Aluminum by Using Air Blow Cutting
Authors: Karunasawat Keerati , Tangjitsitcharoen Somkiat
Published: December 2011

The objective of this research is to develop the surface roughness and cutting force models by using the air blow cutting of the aluminum in the ball-end milling process. The air blow cutting proposed in order to reduce the use of the cutting fluid. The surface roughness and cuttting force models are proposed in the exponential forms which consist of the cutting speed, the feed rate, the depth of cut, the tool diameter, and the air blow pressure. The coefficients of the surface roughness and cutting force models are calculated by utilizing the multiple regression with the least squared method at 95% significant level. The effects of cutting parameters on the cutting force are investigated and measured to analyze the relation between the surface roughness and the cutting conditions. The experimentally obtained results showed that the cutting force has the same trend with the surface roughness. The surface plots are constructed to determine the optimum cutting condition referring to the minimum surface roughness.
A New Algorithm for Solving the Best-Fit Sphere of Optical Aspherical Surface
Authors: Lin Jie Qiong , Yang Jin Song , Lu Ming Ming
Published: December 2011

To solve the best-fit sphere (BFS) accurately is one of the technological keys for the generating and testing of optical aspherical surfaces. This paper presents a new algorithm for solving the BFS of aspherical surfaces to suppress some deficiencies in the existing BFS algorithms. In the proposed approach, a BFS is constructed, which passes through both sides of endpoints in the section of the aspherical surfaces, the center of the BFS is shifted along the x-axis, and its radius of curvature is automatically computed. The variable step size method is proposed to speed up the convergence of the iteration. Through numerically solving the BFS of conic and cubic surface, the advantages of the proposed approach are verified. The results show that the proposed approach is of rapid convergence, and high accuracy; it is not only suitable for the conic surface, but also for higher order aspheres. The obtained asphericity and material removal function is more suitable for the machining and test.
Synthesis of Phenothiazine Derivatives Containing Hetero Atom and Analysis of Conductive Polymer
Authors: Yun Dae Hee , Yoo Han Sol , Park Yong Sung , Woo Je Wan
Published: December 2011

In this study, new conductive polymers were synthesized based on phenothiazine. Phenothiazine has a structure containing nitrogen and sulfur atoms, hetero atoms and is known to be a good material to transmit holes. However, its solubility is low and there is a difficulty when it is used as a transcription-type material. Hence, various alkyl groups were substituted in the nitrogen location of phenothiazine so that they could be used to synthesize polymers as monomers. Four types of compounds, Poly (10-n-butyl-phenothiazine) sulfide (PBPS), Poly (10-n-hexyl-phenothiazine) sulfide (PHPS), Poly (10-(2-ethylhexyl)-phenothiazine) sulfide (PEHPS), and Poly (10-n-decyl-phenothiazine) sulfide (PDPS) were synthesized and their yields were 57.4%, 80.2%, 45.2%, and 47.1%, respectively. Finally, UV-Vis, PL spectra, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were measured to analyze the characteristics of conductive polymers.
Effects of Hot Extrusion Processes on Grain Size of ZK60 Alloy Tubes
Authors: Liang Hai Cheng , Cui Jian Zhong , Wang Zhong Tang
Published: December 2011

Effects of hot extrusion processes on grain size of ZK60 alloy tubes was researched by combining numerical simulation with experimental research. The results show that grain size varies inversely as extrusion ratio and extrusion speed, with extrusion temperature being constant. In order to get the finer and homogeneous microstructure, higher extrusion ratio, higher extrusion speed and lower billet temperature should be chosen in the equipment's rated load. Isothermal extrusion is conducive to tube forming , and the smallest grain size and the better microstructure can be obtained at temperature of 300°C when other deformation conditions are constant.
Magnetic Abrasive Finishing – A Review
Authors: Patil Mahadev Gouda , Chandra Kamlesh , Misra Prabhu Shankar
Published: December 2011

Abstract: The magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) process which was introduced during the late 1940s has emerged as an important non-traditional metal finishing process. The process has found applications in a wide range of fields such as aerospace, medical, electronics, precision dies and moulds as a part of their manufacturing activities. Magnetic abrasive grit size, magnetic field intensity, magnet & workpiece gap, relative speed between workpiece & magnet, vibration of workpiece/magnet are the principal parameters that control the surface characteristics. MAF is the process that is being developed for efficient & precision finishing upto nanolevel of cylindrical or flat workpieces made of hard to machine materials. This review provides an insight into the fundamental parameters and creates a better understanding of this finishing process, with the objective of helping in the selection of optimum machining parameters for finishing of varied workpieces in practice.
Strain Analysis of NC Incremental Sheet Metal Forming
Authors: Zhou Liu Ru
Published: December 2011

NC incremental sheet metal forming process is a flexible process which is to form the sheet point by point on NC forming machine according to the prepared program .The forming principle of NC incremental sheet metal forming process is presented. The strain is analysed. A formula of strain calculation is drawn in the NC incremental sheet metal forming process and verified by web experiment.
Simulation to Static Recrystallization of Nb Micro Alloyed Steel by Cellular Automaton
Authors: Zhi Ying , Liu Xianghua , Wang Zhen Fan
Published: December 2011

The model of cellular automaton (CA) for simulating the static recrystallization of Nb micro alloyed steel after hot deformation was established. The static precipitation of micro alloyed elements on the impact of static recrystallization was considered in the mode. The microstructure evolution of austenite static recrystallization of Nb micro alloyed steel was simulated dynamically, such as the the volume fraction, kinetics curve of static recrystallization, dislocation density and grain shape, were quantitatively, accurately and visually described. According to the simulation results by cellular automaton, the effects of the deformation temperature, strain rate, and other processing parameters on the microstructure of the austenite static recrystallization of Nb micro alloyed steel were analyzed. The simulation results could provide a theoretical reference for the control of the microstructure and property of Nb micro alloyed steel.
Treatments of Magnesium Slag to Recycle Waste from Pidgeon Process
Authors: Han Feng Lan , Yang Qi Xing , Wu Lan Er , Guo Sheng Wei
Published: December 2011

Magnesium slag powder from a local magnesium plant was treated to improve the volume stability for its application as building materials. The slag was mixed with borates, pressed into briquettes, and then sintered at high temperature. SEM studies show that at the higher temperature Ca2SiO4 polymorphs were stabilized by Na and B ions in the added borates. The free MgO content in the slag was also decreased by the sintering treatment. The slag powder, after mixing with 0.4-0.6% of borates and sintered at 1200°C in 5-6 hours, has become volume stable aggregates. It is then possible to use the treated slag in constructions, saving valuable natural resources and decreasing the global warming impact from magnesium production via Pidgeon process.
Ultrasonic Characteristics of the Ultrasonic Grinding Process about the Nano-Ceramic Plate
Authors: Zhang Ming , Wang Yu Qing , Jiao Feng
Published: December 2011

In this paper, the sand vibration test of the ultrasonic wave is done under ultrasonic vibration grinding. In this test, the "skin effect"is observed when the ultrasonic waves pass to the nano-ceramic plate, which is amplified by the ultrasonic horn. This phenomenon is analyzed by the second-order surface wave theory and the waves which pass to the workpiece are surface waves generated. These explain the good grinding surface quality and high efficiency under the two-dimensional ultrasonic grinding in the same conditions.
Analysis of Heat Transfer and Straightening of Continuous Casting Slab Using 3D Finite Element Method
Authors: Liu Qing Guo , Zhang Xing Zhong , Jiang Zheng Yi , Sun Yan Chao , Shi Bao Jun , Shen Nuo Ran
Published: December 2011

The straightening of curved slab results in a greater straightening strain. During the process of multi-point straightening, the peak value of the straightening strain rate will appear at each straightening point. If the strain rate is too large, the straightening cracks will appear. Solidification and heat transfer of a slab is analyzed and the generation of the solidified shell and the three-dimension temperature field of the slab are calculated by using three-dimensional finite element method (FEM). Based on the finite element analysis of five-point straightening of the curved slab, the strain and strain rate of each straightening point were obtained, which is a base of the analysis of straightening cracks.
Comparison of Three Hydraulic Unloading Schemes for a Screw Press
Authors: Cai Shao Qiu , Pan Xu Hong , Li Feng Nian , Peng Li Li
Published: December 2011

The transient time of the clutch disengagement is of key importance, as far as controlling performance of clutch screw presses is concerned. Therefore the hydraulic unloading of the clutch for a screw press has been analyzed, by which three schemes of poppets were compared based on calculation and simulation. Thereafter we found it is the widely used mode of ‘pilot-main poppet valve’ that had much advantage. At the same time the paper can provide an analysis method and be as the instantiation references for the design of such systems.
Micro-Machined Variable RF Capacitor Based on Glass Substrate
Authors: He Ming Xuan , Lu Xin , Chen Xin , Ling Xing , Li Yuan , Wang Hong , Ding Gui Fu
Published: December 2011

The RF applications like voltage controlled oscillators, tunable filters, resonators etc., requires variable capacitors in their design. This paper presents a novel micro variable capacitor consisting of fixed plate and moveable plate which is suspended by ‘S’ type springs. Micro variable capacitor can be electrostatically actuated via applied voltage to change the capacitance between the plates. The capacitance changes from15 pF to 22.5pF while applied voltage ranges from 0 to pull-in voltage. And micro variable capacitor based on glass Substrate was fabricated by simple micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology.
Classification of Fresh N36 Pineapple Crop Using Image Processing Technique
Authors: Mohammad Shuhairie , Ghazali Kamarul Hawari , Che Zan Nazriyah , Mohd Radzi Siti Sofiah , Abdul Karim Rohana
Published: December 2011

Malaysia is one of the world pineapple producers besides Thailand, Philippine, Indonesia, Brazil and South Africa. The government encourage farmers to have more production to meet increasing demand for export. Most of the pineapple production activities is still in manual process and rely on labor workers. In this paper, we proposed a system that can be used in production house to automatically detect the maturity index of pineapple. We implement image processing method to determine the maturity of a pineapple based on yellowish skin color. Binary ellipse mask has been used for extracting region of interest (ROI) as well as morphology normalized RGB to filter out the background and unwanted pixel image. Finally, linear method using threshold values has been selected to classify the maturity index. 910 pineapple images has been used at the development and testing stage and we obtained promising result with 94.29% good classification rate.
Investigation of Ion Transport and its Effect on the Photovoltaic Performance in the Quasi-Solid State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Tian Ya Fang , Chen Zeng , Li Sheng Jun
Published: December 2011

In this paper, we investigated the diffusion behaviour of in the mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) electrolyte solidified by polyacrylonitrile ( PAN, molecular weight: 60,000). The effect of the ion diffusion process on the photoelectric properties was also studied. The ion diffusion process was found to be the main factor to the photoelectric properties in the quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells. Some ideas, such as the optimization of the thickness and the concentration of in the electrolyte, were proposed to improve the transport velocity of.
Machining Process Analysis and Parametric Programming of Parts with Complex Surfaces
Authors: Wang Bin Wu , Xu Ben Sheng , Sun Yan Hua
Published: December 2011

Take the complex three-dimensional (3D) surfaces which consist of all kinds of curves, such as cosine, parabolic and elliptic as examples, the processing is analyzed to determine the reasonable feed routes. The method of parameter programming provided by SINUMERIK 802D system is applied to choose reasonable machining parameters. Using these parameters for NC programming, not only the roughing and finishing machining with different processing requirements can be met, but also the programming solutions are optimized and the NC program is briefer than that generated by CAM software. Furthermore, human-computer interaction can be achieved by means of assignment to the parameters.
Study on the Calamine/Sodium Alginate Modified Viscose Fiber
Authors: Liu Dong Qi , Liu Ying , Han Shu Fa , Zhang Yu Feng , Yin Cui Yu
Published: December 2011

In this article we successfully prepared calamine / sodium alginate viscose fiber. Good dispersion and stability of the modified solution was prepared by dispersing calamine in alkaline solution of sodium alginate, and then mixed it with viscose spinning solution by spinning injection methods. Moreover, the stability of calamine / sodium alginate solution, the effect of concentration of calamine on the fiber properties is studied in this paper. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and physical mechanical performance are test to characterize the structure and the performance of the calamine / sodium alginate viscose fiber.
Experimental Research on TC4 Alloy by Laser Shock Processing
Authors: Tian Feng Jie
Published: December 2011

In order to study the effect of laser shock processing (LSP) on titanium alloy, a TC4 alloy sample was processed by Nd:YAG laser with the wavelength of 1.06μm and pulse width of 12ns, and its micro-hardness and residual stress were examined and analyzed. The experimental results show that an evident strengthening layer of sample forms in the laser shock processing area. Laser shock processing improves micro-hardness and residual compressive stress of the sample significantly such as surface micro-hardness increases by up to 28.4%, the tensile stress changed into compressive stress, the layer of compressive stress distributes more than 1mm in depth and the compressive stress in the surface reaches up to -304MPa with 5J pulse energy. The effect of laser shock evidently strengthens the TC4 alloy, which improves the fatigue life of the aviation material and the performance of resist stress and rust by a large margin.
Effect of Axial Pressure and Tool Rotation Speed on Temperature Distribution during Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Padmanaban R. , Balusamy V. , Ratna Kishore V.
Published: December 2011

A computational fluid dynamics(CFD) based numerical model is developed to predict the temperature distribution during Friction Stir Welding(FSW) of dissimilar aluminum alloys. The effect of tool rotation speed and axial pressure on heat transfer during FSW has been studied. Numerical results indicate that the maximum temperature in FSW process can be increased with the increase of the axial pressure and tool rotation speed. The influence region of the tool shoulder in the direction of thickness can be increased with the increase in the axial pressure on the shoulder.
Study of Backwashing Process for Ceramic Micro-Filtration Membranes Used in Pretreatment of DMF Wastewater
Authors: Xu Peng Wei , Huang Wei Qiu , Zhang Qi , Yang Bao Zhu , Zhong Jing
Published: December 2011

DMF wastewater from the PU synthetic leather industries was filtrated by ZrO2 micro-filtration membranes with an average pore size of 0.2μm. The membrane fouling mechanism was analyzed by resistance-in series model. The results indicated that the resistance from the particles sedimentation on membrane surface accounting for 76% of the total resistances. The technology of backwashing was a stable, valid and reusable method to recover the membrane flux in the micro-filtration. During backwashing, the reverse flow through the membrane removes the concentration polarization and cake or gel layers from the membrane surface. The effect of the backwashing conditions on the flux was studied. The obtained optimization conditions were as follows: backwashing pressure 0.6 MPa, backwashing time 5s and the backwashing interval 20min. The permeate flux could be raised about 50% compared with that without backwashing.
Research on Opening and Closing Process for Outdoor Vacuum Circuit Breaker Contacts
Authors: Jiang Si Bao , Zhang Yu , Liu Shuang , Zhao Xin
Published: December 2011

As is known that the vacuum circuit breaker contact materials of breaking capacity and welding performance are affected by the mechanical properties and fracture characteristics of contact material, but they haven't been paid attention now. The mechanical failure for circuit breaker contact wear is studied and the process characteristics are described for contact opening and closing. When the thermal stress analysis for the moving contact is finished, the displacement and stress cloud map can be gotten by the thermal deformation of moving contact. When the crash analysis for the static and moving contact is finished, the deformation of contact can be gotten. In this analysis, a reference will be provided for the same type of circuit breaker contacts designed in the future and some relevant measures can be taken to prolong the mechanical life of breakers.
Influence of Thermal Behavior of Spindle on Machining Accuracy in Micro-Endmilling
Authors: Horiuchi Osamu , Nomura Mitsuyoshi , Ma Bo Xiao , Shibata Takayuki , Murakami Yoshihiko , Masuda Masami
Published: December 2011

This paper describes on the influence of thermal behavior of spindle on machining accuracy in micro-endmilling. In order to make clear the reasons why the depth of slot varies during slotting repeated, temperatures around the spindle head and the thermal expansion of spindle axis were investigated. The machine tool used for experiment was a small type of vertical machining center. The spindle used for experiment was a ball bearing spindle which rotated at 10000-40000 min-1. The spindle head made of aluminum alloy had various cooling systems for spindle motor and ball bearings, and the temperature of spindle head changed only a few degrees C. Therefore it seems difficult to assume that the primary cause was thermal deformation of spindle head structure, even though the coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminum alloy is approximately twice of that of steel. Finally the thermal expansion of spindle axis was partly measured and relation between the thermal expansion and the variation of depth of slots was investigated. The main results obtained are as follows, (1) Slotting after a long period warming-up of spindle resulted in a small change of depth of slot, but slotting without any warming-up caused an initial rapid increase and then saturation of depth of slot, (2) Temperature rise of spindle head and adjacent structure seemed out of relation to the variation of depth of slot, (3) The partially measured thermal expansion of spindle as well as temperature of lower flange of spindle showed qualitatively similar change corresponding to depth of slot.
The Effect of Helical Gear Parameters on the Meshing Noise
Authors: Li Wen Liang , Wang Li Qin , Zhao Xiao Li , Chen Gang
Published: December 2011

In this paper, the gear acceleration noise model is first built up. The theoretical formula for calculating meshing acceleration noise is developed by dynamic analysis. Base on the impact theory, we first treat the gear meshing behavior as two variable radius cylinders, construct dynamics model, and then according to the industry standard to calculate sound pressure value one meter away by simulation,. Finally, we obtain the optimize equation according to the relation of parameters and noise.
Modeling and Simulation of Electromechanical Coupling Dynamics for Permanent Magnet Synchronous AC Servomotor
Authors: He Xiang Xin , Li Jian Guo , Pang Yue Hua
Published: December 2011

Lagrange-Maxwell equations and Park transform are adopted based on electrical and mechanical energy equations consisting of servomotor parameters. Lagrange-Maxwell equations are transformed from three-phase stator reference coordinates to two-phase rotor reference coordinates. Electromechanical coupling dynamics equations of permanent magnet synchronous servomotor in two-phase reference coordinates are obtained. In this dynamical modeling method of electromechanical coupling system, to establish dynamical differential equations needs to measure amplitude of the flux induced by the permanent magnets and the winding's inductance in dq0 reference of the motor but needs not to measure the size of magnetic circuit. The equations deduced is terse, efficient, and the equations easy to use. Electromechanical coupling dynamics system, servomotor is simulated. Simulation results show that the electromechanical coupling dynamics equations deduced for servomotor are correct, and current control schemes are reasonable.
Optimization of the Components of Medium Producing Dextran from Immobilized Cells of Leuconostoc mesenteroides
Authors: Wang Qing , Wang Xiao , Zou Qing Song , Pu Yuan Yuan , Chen Shan
Published: December 2011

The cells of Leuconostoc mesenteroides were immobilized for dextran producing and response surface methodology based on experimental designs were applied to optimize the medium for maximum yield. Eight different medium components were examined for their significance on dextran production using Plackett-Burman factorial design. Na2HPO4, CaCl2 and sodium citrate were found to have significant effect on dextran production. The combined effect of these nutrients on dextran production was studied using central composite design. The optimal concentration of variables for maximum dextran production were 0.245 g/100mL of Na2HPO4, 0.05 g/100mL of CaCl2 , 0.2084 g/100mL of sodium citrate. The maximum concentration of dextran obtained at 24 h by predicted model was 1.88045 mg/mL that was in perfect agreement with the experimental determined value 1.85395 mg/mL. Dextran yield was over 376% higher as compared to original medium which gave 0.38956 mg/mL of dextran.
Research Advance of Electrochemical Sensor Fabricated with Nanomaterials and their Application
Authors: Gao Ying , Xiang Qian , Liu Jing Qiu , Wang Qun Qi , Tang Juan , Yang Shang Wen , Wu Jiao
Published: December 2011

Nanomaterials include nanometal, nanooxide, carbon nanotube, carbon nanotube composite and other types of nanomaterials. They provide a significant way for the manufacture of sensors due to their small size, larger specific surface area, surface atomic slots insufficiency and more active sites. The rapid development of electrochemical sensor fabricated with nanomaterials is of significant value. In this article, we address some of the main advances in this field over the past few years, discussing the research progress of electrochemical sensor fabricated with nanomaterials and their application.
Abrasive Jet Polishing of Micro Groove Using Compound SiC Abrasives with Compound Additives
Authors: Tsai Feng Che , Yang Shie Chen , Mao Tsuo Fei , Chen Chi Jung , Liou Shiou Shen
Published: December 2011

This Study Examined the Performance of Abrasive Jet Polishing (ajp) on Skd61 Mold Surfaces Using Wax-coated Sic Abrasives Fabricated by Gas Atomization. Comparison of Surface Quality Achieved Reveals Significant Surface Roughness Reduction by Wax-coated Abrasives. the Wax Coating Not only Covers Most of the Sharp Ends of the Abrasive, Thus Making Smooth the Abrasive Surface; it Being Elastic Also Provides a Cushioning Buffer. these Two Features Contribute to Ameliorate the Direct Impact of Heavy Peening, Thus Preventing Surface Hardening, Superficial Embedment or Deep Scratches. Moreover, Compound Additives Including Water Wax and Water Were Added to the Wax-coated #3000 Sic Abrasives at a Mix Proportion of 500: 1000: 1500 (water Wax: Wax-coated Sic: Water) for Polishing Mold Surfaces of Different Forms. Results Show that the Compound Additives Provide Addition Cushioning Effect and Facilitate the Sliding and Grinding of Abrasives, Resulting in Fine Polishing and Good Surface Quality. the Reflection Property of Micro-groove Was much Enhanced by Ajp Using Wax-coated #3000 Sic Abrasives with the Compound Additives.
Design of Active Phased Array Antenna in Wind Profiling Radar
Authors: Hu Ming Bao , Zheng Guo Guang , He Hong Bing
Published: December 2011

The active phased array antenna is a direction of modern radar development. But it is expensive. So the key in meteorological radar design is to get high ratio of capability and cost. We used 400 cross-polarization half wave diploes as radiation unit to get a high efficiency and reliability antenna, it also has low side lobe by Taylor weighting. 20 transmit/receive(T/R) modules produced too little heat to disperse, so it can be cooled by nature wind. 40 power dividers which one is divided into twenty parts and 1 power combiner decreased transmission loss. This antenna is fit for the need of wind profiling radar.
Modular Decomposition of Flow Chart Path Method and its Application
Authors: Li Meng Qi , Li Dong Ying
Published: December 2011

Modular decomposition is the key to simplify complex system. In this paper product function model is built based on flow chart description of energy, substance/material information. According to dependency relationship of function, function modularization is done respectively with module defining ways of main path method (MPM), branch path method (BPM) and conversion-conduction method (CCM). And modular decomposition of flow chart path method is established, concerned procedures and cautions during the implementing course are defined, and the purpose and effectiveness of modular decomposition of flow chart pass are confirmed through case analysis.
Design Principle and Method of Visual 2.5D Effect Black-and-White Digital Jacquard Fabric
Authors: Zhou Jiu , Tang Lan Qian , Hu Ding Ting , Liu Jie Yuan
Published: December 2011

Research on innovation design of visual 2.5D effect black-and-white digital jacquard fabric is carried out based on layered-combination design mode and design method of full-color compound structure. Black-and-white digital jacquard fabric designed by combining two digital patterns together can express two patterns on face of fabric at same time. As long as lustrous yarns are employed to produce jacquard fabric with full-color compound structure, and juxtaposed colorless yarns cannot be covered by each other, black-and-white digital jacquard fabric could express good grey shading effect. Viewed from different angle, two overlapping patterns will show figured shot effect so-called visual 2.5D effect. In this paper, design principle and method of visual 2.5D effect black-and-white digital jacquard fabric were introduced clearly with proper design illustrations. It provides good value for design innovation of black-and-white digital jacquard fabric.
Effect of Voltage Pattern on Intensity of Electromagnetic Emission during Electric Flame-Off Process of Ball Bonding Machine
Authors: Puapairoj Sarunya , Sa-Ngiamsak Chiranut
Published: December 2011

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) can degrade device performance, particularly a sensitive device such as magnetic recording heads. A high applied voltage generates a high electric field in order to break the electrical air gap during a gold ball bonding process. This work, for the first time, investigates the influence of high voltage pattern of a gold ball bond machine on both electric field and magnetic field as an electromagnetic wave by monitoring an intensity of electromagnetic interference. The investigation was carried out by simulation of a live gold ball bond machine operation by using a finite integral technique. The simulation results reveal that the voltage pattern plays an important role in the intensity of electromagnetic radiation (EMR). In conclusion, an ideal voltage pulse of 2 kV and 4 kV generates the highest EMR detected by a monopole antenna. The induced voltage occuring at the antenna reflecting the intensity of EMI blasting was as high as 33.39 V and 71.36 V, respectively. Smoothening the voltage pattern by incrasing the rise time of voltage to 100 ns only, the induced voltage at the antenna was reduced down to 99.90% and 99.92% compairing with the case of an ideal voltage pulse for the peak EFO voltage of 2 kV and 4kV respectively. This concludes the importance of the voltage pattern during a free air ball forming process; hence lowering the risk of the highly sensitive deivce to be damaged by EMI blasting.
The Utility Classification and Heating Process Analysis in Silicon Steel
Authors: Gao Jian Xin , Shi Yan
Published: December 2011

Through the analysis of the utility between the oriented silicon steel and the non-oriented silicon steel, this paper stated the different performance characteristics requirements of the silicon steel to various utility; According to the different characteristics requirements, this paper expounded the different requirements of heating process in the oriented silicon steel and the non-oriented silicon steel.
The Study of Power Unit of a Wind-Magnetic Water Heater
Authors: Liu Xiao Hong
Published: December 2011

A design scheme of power unit of a wind-magnetic water heater was proposed in this paper, which was based on the characteristics of wind energy and the principle of eddy current heating effect. According to former study on the power unit, determine the size of the structures and the transmission ratio in the wind turbine. A model was designed and fabricated by selecting proper vane type and reasonable designing of power unit, etc. All of these works are of valuable for further design and research, especially in term of selecting more reasonable parameters.
Study on the Performance of Hydrophobic Association Water-Soluble Polymer with Strong Association Ability
Authors: Shi Lei Ting , Shen Zhe Na , Zhou Wei , Ye Zhong Bin , Wang Jun Feng
Published: December 2011

In this article, the viscosifying abilities, rheological properties, and flow characteristics of hydrophobic association water-soluble polymer with high association ability were studied using technical methods of viscosity measurement, rheological and core flow experiments. The results illustrate that hydrophobic associated polymers with low molecular weight rely on a strong hydrophobic interaction, the intermolecular and intramolecular micellar structure formed in solution with a strong ability to increase viscosity. Hydrophobic association water-soluble polymer, comparing with partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides polymer with low molecular weight, presents a better ability of shear stability under the condition of shearing and the solution structure strengthens gradually so as to increase viscoelasticity remarkably. The hydrophobic association water-soluble polymer with high association ability take on greater injectivity and mobility control ability in low permeability porous media solving the problem of low injectivity and poor control ability in mid-low permeability reservoirs, which improves polymers flooding effect in such reservoirs and underlie the reasonable design of polymer molecular structure.
Fuel Properties of a Two-Phase Biodiesel Emulsion
Authors: Chu Ning Ning , Xu Yan , Ma Yu Jiu , Wang Jian Xun , Li Xue Bing , Wang Li Sheng
Published: December 2011

Biodiesel is one of the most promising alternative clean fuels to fossil fuel, which can effectively reduce the emissions from fossil fuel burning. The high oxygen content in biodiesel can promote the burning process, but it can also increase NOx formation simultaneously, when biodiesel is used as fuel. Fuel emulsification is considered to be effective in reducing NOx emissions. In this study, soybean oil was used as raw oil to produce biodiesel by transesterification reaction. The biodiesel product was then emulsified with water and emulsifying surfactant to form water-in-oil (w/o) biodiesel emulsion. The biodiesel emulsion composed of 1.5% polyoxyethylated castor oil (EL-12), 0.7% lethicin and 0.5% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) was proved to have the better emulsifying activity (EA) and emulsifying stability (ES) values, and higher combustion heat than those of the neat biodiesel and reference biodiesel emulsion (with 2.7% EL-12 as the emulsifying surfactant).
Novel Blend Films Prepared from Solution of Collagen and Cellulose in 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquid
Authors: Wang Huai Fang , Lv Hai Ning , Feng Jing , Wang Zhi Kai
Published: December 2011

Collagen/cellulose films were made by the blend solutions of collagen, cellulose in this paper. To begin with, collagen and cellulose was dissolved in 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Amim]Cl）. The structure of the blend films was characterized by FTIR and XRD. The effects of weight ratio between the two polymers on light transmittance, tensile strength, elongation at break and water absorption of the film were studied. The results showed that there were strong interactions and good compatibility between collagen and cellulose in the film and the polymers have strongest interactions at the mixing ratio of 5:5. The blend films possess better properties such as mechanical and water absorption properties than those made of single polymer.
Behavior of Continuous FRP Rectangular Spirals as Shear Reinforcement for Concrete Beams
Authors: Jiang Shi Yong , Li Bing Hong , Shi Qian Hua , Hu Xian Qi
Published: December 2011

The replacement of steel stirrups with FRP stirrups in concrete structures can significantly improve the durability under severe environmental conditions, increase the service life of the structure. In some cases where the application of traditional concrete structures is restricted, such as structures that require the environment without magnetic and electric interferences, the best way is to use nonmetallic materials. Considering the unique properties compared with traditional reinforcements, FRP reinforcements is very suitable in such cases. This paper discussed the behavior of FRP stirrups used as shear reinforcement for concrete structures, continuous FRP rectangular spirals, a type of FRP stirrups, was used in the experimental investigation. Inspired by the test method suggested by ACI Committee 440, L shape specimen and U shape specimen are designed to test the tensile strength of continuous FRP rectangular spirals. Through the analysis of test results, it is indicated that the strength of the bent portion of FRP spirals is significantly lower than that of the straight portion, and the strength of FRP spirals would increase as the concrete strength or the embedment length of the bent portion increased. The loading mechanism of continuous FRP rectangular spirals embedded in concrete beams can be better represented by U shape specimen compared with L shape specimens, it is suggested by the author that the U shape specimen can be use when the dimension of FRP stirrups or spirals does not meet the requirements of ACI Committee 440 test method.
Study on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of AlSi9Cu3 Aluminum Alloy Fabricated by Liquid Forging
Authors: Li Sheng Li , Sun Wei Lian , Wang Hui Qiang , Sun Bo
Published: December 2011

Study the properties of AlSi9Cu3 aluminum alloy test bars fabricated by liquid forging with instruments such as optical microscope, direct reading spectrometer and micro-controlled electronic universal testing machine. Further more，analyze the microstructure and forming mechanism of AlSi9Cu3 aluminum alloy fabricated by liquid forging, the study shows : AlSi9Cu3 aluminum alloy fabricated by liquid forging has excellent performance and good prospects in production.