bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Agricultural Drainage Water by Surface-Flow Wetlands Paired with Woodchip Bioreactors
Authors: Pugliese Lorenzo , Skovgaard Henrik , Mendes Lipe R. D. , Iversen Bo V.
Published: July 2020

Nutrient losses from agricultural fields have long been a matter of concern worldwide due to the ecological disturbance this can cause to surface waters downstream. In this paper a new design concept, which pairs a surface-flow constructed wetland (SFW) with a woodchip bioreactor (WB), was tested in relation to its capacity to reduce both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loads from agricultural tile drainage water. A nutrient mass balance and a comparative analysis were carried out together with statistical regressions in order to evaluate the performance of four SFW+WBs under different catchment conditions. We found marked variations between the systems in regard to hydraulic loading rate (0.0 to 5.0 m/day) and hydraulic retention time (1 to 87 days). The paired system worked as nutrient sinks throughout the study period. Total N and total P removal efficiencies varied from 8% to 51% and from 0% to 80%, respectively. The results support the use of the new design concept for nutrient removal from tile-drained agricultural catchments in Denmark as part of national management plans, with the added advantage that smaller areas are needed for construction (0.1% to 0.2% of the catchment area) in comparison to standalone and currently used SCWs (~1%).
The Impacts of Soil Moisture Initialization on the Forecasts of Weather Research and Forecasting Model: A Case Study in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhang Hailiang , Liu Junjian , Li Huoqing , Meng Xianyong , Ablikim Ablimitijan
Published: July 2020

Soil moisture is a critical parameter in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models because it plays a fundamental role in the exchange of water and energy cycles between the atmosphere and the land surface through evaporation. To improve the forecast skills of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in Xinjiang, China, this study investigated the impacts of soil moisture initialization on the WRF forecasts by performing a series of simulations. A group of simulations was conducted using the single-column model (SCM) from 1200 UTC on 15 to 18 August 2019, at Urumchi, Xinjiang (43.78° N, 87.6° E); another was performed using the WRF model for a real weather case in Xinjiang from 0000 UTC 15 August to 1200 UTC 18 August 2019, which included an episode of heavy precipitation and gales. Our most notable findings are as follows. Specific humidity increases and potential temperature decreases persistently when soil moisture increases because of soil water evaporation. Soil moisture initialization could impact the energy budget and modulate the partition of the total available energy at the land surface significantly through evaporation and the greenhouse effect. Replacing the soil moisture with a proper multiple of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) soil moisture data could significantly improve the critical success index (CSI) and frequency bias (FBIAS) of precipitation and the root-mean-squared errors (RMSEs) of 2-m specific humidity and 2-m temperature. These findings indicate the prospect of a new way to improve the forecast skills of WRF in Xinjiang or other similar regions.
Risk-Based and Hydrodynamic Pluvial Flood Forecasts in Real Time
Authors: Hofmann Julian , Schüttrumpf Holger
Published: July 2020

The effective forecast and warning of pluvial flooding in real time is one of the key elements and remaining challenges of an integrated urban flood risk management. This paper presents a new methodology for integrating risk-based solutions and 2D hydrodynamic models into the early warning process. Whereas existing hydrodynamic forecasting methods are based on rigid systems with extremely high computational demands, the proposed framework builds on a multi-model concept allowing the use of standard computer systems. As a key component, a pluvial flood alarm operator (PFA-Operator) is developed for selecting and controlling affected urban subcatchment models. By distributed computing of hydrologic independent models, the framework overcomes the issue of high computational times of hydrodynamic simulations. The PFA-Operator issues warnings and flood forecasts based on a two-step process: (1) impact-based rainfall thresholds for flood hotspots and (2) hydrodynamic real-time simulations of affected urban subcatchments models. Based on the open-source development software Qt, the system can be equipped with interchangeable modules and hydrodynamic software while building on the preliminary results of flood risk analysis. The framework was tested using a historic pluvial flood event in the city of Aachen, Germany. Results indicate the high efficiency and adaptability of the proposed system for operational warning systems in terms of both accuracy and computation time.
Macroinvertebrate Communities in a Lake of an Inter-Basin Water Transfer Project and Its Implications for Sustainable Management
Authors: Jiang Wanxiang , Pan Baozhu , Chen Jing , Jiang Xiaoming , Shen Henglun , Zhu Tianshun
Published: July 2020

In the present study, we choose the Weishan Lake, one of important water transfer and storage lakes on the eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWD) in China, to clarify how the community structure and assemblage-environment relationships of macroinvertebrates varied across three typical habitats (the River Mouth, Canal and Lake regions) over the four seasons in 2012. A total of 72 taxa belonging to 3 phyla, 9 classes and 24 families were recorded, with tolerant oligochaetes and chironomids as the dominant taxa. The environmental conditions and macroinvertebrate assemblages were clearly separated at spatial and temporal scales. Assemblage structure showed both significant but larger spatial than seasonal variations, with a clear separation of sites from three regions in an ordination plot. Compared to the temporal scale, more indicator species were retained to be responsible for the regional differences according to the two-way cluster analysis. Different environmental variables were significant for distinguishing macroinvertebrate assemblages among four seasons, and among them, pH was the only variable which was retained in all models. Our study provided useful background information of environmental characteristics and macroinvertebrate communities in a typical water transfer and storage lake before the water transfer of the SNWD. After the operation of SNWD, we envisage inter-basin water transfer (IBWT), which is usually accompanied by water level rise, nutrient pattern change and biota succession, will seriously affect recipient basins. Therefore, we propose several management strategies for SNWD: (1) target and detailed data should be collected on a timely basis; (2) government should prevent water pollution and adopt effective measures to protect the water environment; (3) the environmental assessments and other aspects of IBWT planning should be coordinated; (4) an overall consideration of different basins should be given to achieve a greater range of water resources planning, scheduling, and allocation; and (5) the migration and invasion of species should be of concern during the operation of the project.
Phytoneuston and Chemical Composition of Surface Microlayer of Urban Water Bodies
Authors: Antonowicz Józef Piotr , Kozak Anna
Published: July 2020

The concentration of chemical and biological parameters in the ecotone of the surface microlayer (SML) occurring between the hydrosphere and the atmosphere of urban water bodies was investigated. Parallel, sub-surface water (SUB) analyses were carried out to compare the SML properties with the water column. The concentrations of trace metals, macronutrients, nutrients, chlorophyll a, pheophytin, abundance and biomass of phytoplankton and the number of heterotrophic bacteria in both studied layers were analyzed. Each of the studied groups of chemical parameters was characterized by specific properties of accumulation. Trace metals occurring in concentrations below 1 ppm, such as Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn and metalloid As, were accumulated to a higher degree in SML than in SUB. Macroelement concentrations, with the exception of Mg, were lower in the SML compared to the SUB. Nutrients, autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms occurred in the SML to a higher degree than in the SUB. Bacillariophyceae dominated the analyzed water bodies, which are typical for the spring period, as well as Chrysophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Dinophyceae and Euglenophyceae. Cyanobacteria dominated in one of the ponds. The abundance of individual phytoplankton groups was significantly correlated with Ca, K, Na, P-org, SO42−, F−, Al and Sr.
Feedback Mechanism in Bifurcating River Systems: the Effect on Water-Level Sensitivity
Authors: Gensen Matthijs R.A. , Warmink Jord J. , Huthoff Fredrik , Hulscher Suzanne J.M.H.
Published: July 2020

Accurate and reliable estimates of water levels are essential to assess flood risk in river systems. In current practice, uncertainties involved and the sensitivity of water levels to these uncertainties are studied in single-branch rivers, while many rivers in deltas consist of multiple distributaries. In a bifurcating river, a feedback mechanism exists between the downstream water levels and the discharge distribution at the bifurcation. This paper aims to quantify the sensitivity of water levels to main channel roughness in a bifurcating river system. Water levels are modelled for various roughness scenarios under a wide range of discharge conditions using a one-dimensional hydraulic model. The results show that the feedback mechanism reduces the sensitivity of water levels to local changes of roughness in comparison to the single-branch river. However, in the smaller branches of the system, water-level variations induced by the changes in discharge distribution can exceed the water-level variations of the single-branch river. Therefore, water levels throughout the entire system are dominated by the conditions in the largest branch. As the feedback mechanism is important, the river system should be considered as one interconnected system in river maintenance of rivers, flood-risk analyses, and future planning of river engineering works.
Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Water Treated under Carbon Dioxide with Low-Temperature Low-Pressure Glow Plasma of Low Frequency
Authors: Ciesielska Aleksandra , Ciesielski Wojciech , Khachatryan Karen , Koloczek Henryk , Kulawik Damian , Oszczeda Zdzisław , Soroka Jacek , Tomasik Piotr
Published: July 2020

Treatment of water saturated with CO2 with low-temperature, low-pressure glow plasma of low-frequency (GP) produced a series of liquids. Their temperature and intensity of thermal effects non-linearly depended on the treatment time. However, the Raman spectra patterns of the treated water pointed to a specific structure of the water treated for 30 min. The spectra of control, non-treated water saturated with CO2, and such water treated for 15, 60, 90, and 120 min showed that their macrostructure was built mainly by a single donor, and single hydrogen bonded arrangements accompanied, to a certain extent, with free water molecules. The macrostructure of the water treated for 30 min consisted chiefly of tetrahedral and deformed tetrahedral structural units. That water contained long-living free radicals of discussed structure, stabilized in such macrostructure.
Hydrogeochemical Characters of Karst Aquifers in Central Italy and Relationship with Neotectonics
Authors: Madonia Paolo , Cangemi Marianna , Oliveri Ygor , Germani Carlo
Published: July 2020

Groundwater from karst circulation systems of Central Italy were sampled and analyzed, in 2018, for delineating a preliminary, general geochemical framework of their relationship with neotectonics, in an area characterized by a frequent and often destructive seismicity. We determined field physical-chemical parameters, concentrations of main dissolved ions and gases and isotopic composition of water (δ18O, δD) and total dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13C TDIC). We discriminated between “normal” hydro-karst systems and multi-component aquifers, composed of meteoric groundwater that have also interacted with rocks of different lithological nature and/or deep fluids. These multicomponent aquifers are of potential interest in the monitoring of neotectonics activity, because changes in the stress field associated with the preparatory phase of an earthquake may affect the permeability of rocks, in turn causing variation of their chemical-isotopic character. The geographical distribution of these aquifers seems to be controlled by tectonics. In fact, the Olevano–Antrodoco–Sibillini thrust separates the more anomalous sites, located westwards of it, from the groundwater bodies at its eastern side, showing a more typical karst character.
Opportunistic behavior of PPP project executors as a factor hindering the development of Russian road infrastructure
Authors: Kuklinov M.L. , Yugov V.V.
Published: July 2020

Among the stable trends in the post-Soviet economic development of Russia is the increasing participation of private capital in various state innovation projects. This is manifested in the establishment of public-private partnerships (PPPs), i.e. partnerships between public and private entities, in the implementation and financing of projects of national economic significance. Based on this, the authors of the article, using the example of projects implemented in road construction, consider the mechanism of interaction between PPP project performers, and most importantly, argue the need to develop: a) new approaches to predicting the manifestations of opportunistic behavior and overcoming its consequences; b) algorithms for minimizing the transaction costs of opportunism (reaching 15% of the costs of PPP projects in the industry). It is only on this basis that the authors see the establishment of trusting public-private relations and ensuring the successful implementation of projects for the construction of road infrastructure.
Channels and Results of the Latest Sanctions Impacts on the Russian Economy
Authors: Kazantsev S.V.
Published: July 2020

The article presents the results of an analysis of the impact of the financial and economic sanctions imposed on Russia by the United States, the EU and a group of countries that joined them in March 2014, which, as we know, were constantly extended and supplemented with further restrictive and prohibitive measures. Auto solved two specific research tasks. This is, first, the definition of channels for sanctions to influence the dynamics of Russia’s economic development. Second, the assessment of the time and strength of the negative impact of sanctions on the values of such macroeconomic indicators as: foreign direct investment and investment (FDI) in fixed assets; fixed assets and their commissioning, gross domestic product (GDP) and industrial production; consumer price indices, real monetary income of the population and final consumption. The use of economic and statistical tools made it possible to determine the years of the most severe impact of anti-Russian sanctions on the listed macroeconomic indicators, which in a certain part are also officially approved indicators of the state of economic security of the country. The similarity of channels and results of sanctions, on the one hand, and global financial and economic crises, on the other hand, is also established.
Scientific and technological development and competitiveness of the Russian economy: a factor in harmonizing the interaction of macro-, meso- and micro-level management mechanisms of the emerging national innovation system
Authors: Vinslav Yu.B.
Published: July 2020

The article once again emphasizes scientific and technological (innovative) development as a process fundamental to ensuring the competitiveness of the national economy and its structural modernization. The key areas of public administration and corporate management in the field of improving the competitiveness of the domestic economy are noted. The conditions of harmonious interaction of various levels of management of the formed national innovation system are determined. The list of management actions to implement these conditions is systematized. The content of the innovation value chain as a set of successive stages of work is revealed: from a scientific and technical idea to obtaining a production result. The principles of the formation and development of corporate innovation systems have been developed, involving companies taking into account the requirements of national competitiveness priorities in business development strategies.
MODEL PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PEMBIAYAAN BERMASALAH PADA BANK WAKAF MIKRO BERBASIS PESANTREN
Authors: Ine Risnaningsih Nurjamil, Siti Nurhayati, Ahmad Agung,
Published: July 2020

Design/methodology/approach-This research is an analytical descriptive research with normative juridical approach. The data were obtained from library research and field research through in-depth interviews with related parties including the management of the Micro Waqf Bank Islamic Microfinance Institution Ranah Indah Darussalam Ciamis West Java Indonesia and Commissioner of the Financial Services Authority of Indonesia then analyzed qualitatively. This research was conducted in Ciamis and Bandung West Java Indonesia.

Finding- The finding of this study has confirmed that Sharia economic disputes are the absolute competencies of the Religious Courts based on Article 49 of Law Number 3 of 2006 concerning Amendments to Law Number 7 of 1989 concerning Religious Courts including disputes on BWM financing. In disputes that occur in troubled financing BWM the stages of completion are by intensive collection (cash collateral), rescheduling, reconditioning, or restructuring or also known as the stages of fulfillment of performance and deliberation and mediation between BWM management and customers involving other customers both in the scope “umpi” and cluster to be dealt joint responsibility among customers so that the settlement of disputes through litigation in religious courts does not need to be taken by the parties.

Keywords: Problematic Financing, Micro Waqf Bank, Dispute Resolution, Deliberation, non litigation
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN DENGAN KUALITAS TIDUR PADA PASIEN YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISIS DI RUMAH SAKIT KHUSUS GINJAL RASYIDA MEDAN
Authors: Damanik Veronica Anggreni
Published: July 2020

Hemodialysis is the process of removing metabolic waste substances, other toxic substances through a dialiser that functions as an artificial kidney. Hemodialysis or dialysis is the transfer of the patient's blood from his body which occurs in disfusion and ultrafiltration. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of anxiety and sleep quality in patients undergoing hemodialysis at Rasyida Kidney Special Hospital Medan.  This research design used analytical survey with cross sectional approach. The sampling technique was accidental sampling, a sample of 75 respondents. The data used are primary data by distributing questionnaires, secondary data, and tertiary data while the data analysis used is univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with Chi-Square test. The results of this study with stastic test showed that the p-value result was 0.033 (<α 0.05), so there was a relationship between the level of anxiety and the quality of sleep of patients undergoing hemodialysis in the Rasyida Kidney Special Hospital Medan. The conclusions in this study indicate that there is a significant correlation between the level of anxiety and sleep quality in patients undergoing hemodialysis in Medan Renalida Kidney Special Hospital. It is recommended for patients to control anxiety so that sleep quality will be better and recommended to health workers especially hemodialysis nurses to further enhance the knowledge of patients who increase hemodialysis by providing education/health education related to the effects and complications of hemodialysis.
PROMOSI KESEHATAN TENTANG PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP IBU HAMIL
Authors: Sitorus Rotua Sumihar , Silalahi Kristina L
Published: July 2020

Stunting is a disruption of physical development that has passed with decreasing in the growth rate of children. Puskesmas Pancur Batu conducts stunting prevention through health promotion to increase knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women about exclusive breastfeeding. The number of mothers giving exclusive breastfeeding only reached 44.9% (target 80%). The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of health promotions with leaflet media about exclusive breastfeeding on the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women in stunting prevention. The study design was quasi-experimental with a sample of 40 pregnant women. The study was conducted in October 2019 in Puskesmas Pancur Batu. The sampling technique is done purposively. Data were analyzed using independent t test. The results showed that before the pre-test, the average score of knowledge variables from the intervention group 6.60 and the comparison group 6.22, after the post-tes increased to 10.30 and 8.34. The average score of attitude variables from the intervention group was 4.04 and the comparison group was 4.44, after the post-test increased to 5.80 and 4.84. The results of the statistic test showed that health promotion influences the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women in preventing stunting before and after the intervention with p = 0.005 and p 0.028 <0.05. It is recommended that Puskesmas staff conduct health promotion through the distribution of leaflets to facilitate pregnant women in understanding the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding in an effort to prevent stunting.
HUBUNGAN INTER DIALITIC WEIGHT GAINS (IDWG) DENGAN TERJADINYA KOMPLIKASI DURANTE HEMODIALISIS PADA PASIEN GINJAL KRONIK
Authors: Wibowo Harry Permana
Published: July 2020

Weight gain is based on dry weight. When the body has to bear excess fluid between two dialysis times, this is what is called interdialitic body weight / Inter Dialitic Weight Gain (IDWG). IRR in 2015 noted the most frequent complication in hemodialysis durante was hypertension (38%), followed by hypotension (15%), where the etiology of the two complications above is very closely related to the number of ultrafiltration. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between inter dialitic weight gains (IDWG) with the occurrence of complications of durante hemodialysis. By using a research design analytic method that uses a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique uses total sampling, in which 60 respondents measured body weight and blood pressure and observed whether experiencing complications durante hemodialysis. Furthermore, the results of observations are written in the observation sheet and tested by statistical data with the Chi-Square Test. The results showed the majority of respondents had a moderate IDWG of 33 people (55%), of which 27 people (45%) had complications consisting of 7 people (11.7%) hypotension and 20 people (33.3%) hypertension. Statistical test results with the chi-square test showed that the value of p = 0,000, which means that there is a significant relationship between IDWG and the occurrence of complications of hemodialysis durante. Future researchers are expected to be able to further develop research on other complications that may occur related to IDWG.
KECEMASAN PASIEN PENYAKIT GINJAL KRONIS YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISA
Authors: Damanik Devi Novita
Published: July 2020

Background: Anxiety is a condition of psychological and physiological disorders characterized by cognitive, somatic, emotional disturbances and components of behavioral sequences. Purpose: This study aims to describe the anxiety of chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: This study uses univariate analysis which will describe the anxiety level of chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. The anxiety variable was measured using the HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale) anxiety instrument with a validity value of 0.68 dd 0.93 and a reliability value of 0.93. The population in this study were all chronic kidney disease patients who underwent hemodialysis and experienced anxiety. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling technique. The sample in this study were patients with chronic kidney disease who met the requirements of the study patients, namely: Patients who underwent hemodialysis for less than one year, patients undergoing hemodialysis with femoral vein puncture, patients undergoing hemodialysis twice a week. Results: The results showed that the study respondents had a mild anxiety rate of 9 patients (56.25%), moderate anxiety as many as 8 patients (21.875%) and severe anxiety as many as 8 patients (21.875%). Conclusion: conclusions and implications for nursing practice. The results showed a high incidence of anxiety in patients undergoing hemodialysis and distributed evenly on mild, moderate and severe anxiety.
HUBUNGAN RESPON TIME YANG DIBERIKAN PERAWAT INSTALASI GAWAT DARURAT DENGAN KEPUASAN PASIEN DI RUMAH SAKIT TEMBAKAU DELI MEDIKA DELI SERDANG TAHUN 2018
Authors: Yunita Sukma
Published: July 2020

Kualitas pelayanan keperawatan salah satunya respon time yang cepat dan penanganan yang tepat merupakan penentu kepuasan pasien. Kecepatan dan ketepatan pelayanan menjadi standart pelayanan minimal yang harus dicapai oleh petugas khususnya perawat IGD. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan respon time yang diberikan perawat IGD dengan Kepuasan pasien di Rumah sakit Tembakau Deli Medika Tanjung Morawa Tahun 2018.

Desain penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional, populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah jumlah pasien IGD dalam kunjungan bulan januari 2018 yang berjumlah 167 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan accidental sampling, jumlah sampel sebanyak 40 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan lembar kuesioner kepuasan pasien dan lembar observasi respon time yang diberikan perawat IGD. Analisa data dilakukan dengan dengan univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi square.

Hasil penelitian bahwa respon time yang diberikan perawat IGD mayoritas cepat sebanyak 35 responden (87,5 %), kepuasan pasien mayoritas tinggi sebanyak 35 responden (87,5 %). Hasil uji statistik dengan chi square hubungan respon time yang diberikan perawat IGD dengan kepuasan pasien di Rumah Sakit Tembakau Deli Medika Tanjung Morawa tahun 2018 diperoleh nilai value. Sebesar 0.000.

Kesimpulan penelitian terdapat hubungan respon time yang diberikan perawat IGD dengan kepuasan pasien di Rumah Sakit Tembakau Deli Medika Tanjung Morawa Tahun 2018. Disarankan untuk perawat IGD agar meningkatkan kualitas profesionalisme dalam pelayanan, ketersedian SDM dan sarana prasarana karena mempengaruhi kecepatan dalam pelayanan
PENGARUH BUDAYA MAKAN SIRIH TARHADAP STATUS KESEHATAN PERIODONTAL PADA MASYARAKAT SUKU KARO DI DESA TIGA JUHAR KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG TAHUN 2016
Authors: Lina Angle
Published: July 2020

Oral health disorder will be impacted on performance of a person. Risk factors for oral diseases include behavior of the society asculture or habitualchewing betel or areca. The aim of researchis to figure out the influence of chewing betel towardshealth status karonesepeopleof Tiga Juhar Deli Serdang in 2016.This research used cross sectional study approach. The research was conducted from February until August 2016 of Tiga Juhar Deli Serdang. The population of research is karonese people who have a habitual chewing betel in Tiga Juhar. The sampleof research was 88 peopleas simple random sampling method. The data collection was done by using primary and secondary data.The analysis of data used univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. The results showed that there was no tradition of chewing betel influence to periodontal health status (p = 0.424).There was no value of chewing betel influence to periodontal health status (p= 0.138). There is elemental betel composition influence to periodontal health status (p = 0.022). There is frequency of chewing betel influence to periodontal health status (p = 0.001).There is duration of chewing betel influence to periodontal health status (p = 0.000). The dominant variable is duration of chewing betel influence to periodontal health status (p = 0.032; OR = 2.9), means chewing betel more 5 years is risky 2.9 times periodontal health status than chewing betel less 5 years. Therefore, Tiga Juhar Department of Health must increase the oral health and hygiene status level for karonese people who chewing betel inTiga Juhar
PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP IBU POST PARTUM NORMAL TENTANG TEHNIK MENYUSUI YANG BENAR DI KLINIK SUNGGAL
Authors: Yusuf Namira
Published: July 2020

The correct breastfeeding technique is how to give milk to the baby by attaching and positioning the mother and baby properly. How to breastfeed greatly affect the comfort of a baby sucking milk. Midwives or nurses need to provide guidance to the mother in the first week after delivery (post partum), about the actual ways of breastfeeding so as not to cause problems. The objective of the research was know the knowledge and attitudes of normal post partum mothers about breastfeeding techniques that are correct at Klinik Sunggal Medan. The research is done by using descriptive approach of 16 samples and use primary and secondary data by distributing questionnaires. The result of the research showed that the majority of respondents have good knowledge as many as 8 people (50%), and lack of knowledge are 2 people (12.5%) and data has been obtained that the majority of positive mother attitudes are 10 people (62.5%) and the minority of respondents have negative knowledge namely 6 people (37.5%). Based on this study it was concluded that the majority of post partum mothers' knowledge of breastfeeding techniques is well-informed, and the majority of mothers have positive attitudes. Respondents are expected to seek information and ask lots of people who have done breastfeeding techniques correctly in adapting during the post partum period
Implementation of the Principles of Social Justice in Modern social Policy (on the Example of the National Project «Human capital»)
Authors: Gretchenko A. I. , Kaverina N. A.
Published: July 2020

The article discusses the principles of social justice in time and space. The emphasis is on transforming the understanding of social justice in Russia’s social policy. Currently, the principle of social justice is implemented by the state in programs for the preservation and development of human capital. The national project «Human Capital» is focused on improving the level and quality of life of citizens, the accessibility of material and social capital, creating opportunities for self-realization and disclosing the talent of each person, and developing a system of social elevators. The authors analyze the change in perception of social justice in Russia for a long time. It is noted that at the beginning of the Soviet period the concept of «social justice» was practically not used. The term «justice» appeared in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia only in 1953, which is currently one of the most popular in public policy. Combining the economy with politics, social policy determines the direction of the main political forces and trends in the Russian Federation.
Modelling of the Optimal Risks Combinatio for Non-Repeated Decision-Making in Enterpreneurship
Authors: Kovalev V. A. , Pestunov A. I.
Published: July 2020

We analyze a problem of formalization a non-repeated decision-making in entrepreneurship when there are exist alternatives with negative outcomes, or losses, one among which does not have dangerous consequences. We consider a problem of modelling the subset of alternatives as variants of risks combinations, in particular, the choice of an optimal variant of the alternative. The proposed model may be exploited for formal justification of the alternative choice during the early stages of non-repeated.
Measures to combat smuggling and corruption in the customs clearance of commercial goods in Ukraine
Authors: Kulish Anatolii , Chumak Volodymyr , Chernysh Roman , Khan Oleksandr , Havrik Roman
Published: July 2020

The article deals with an important and relevant issue – measures to combat smuggling and corruption during customs clearance of commercial goods in Ukraine. The authors analyze the scientific doctrine regarding the nature and level of influence of smuggling and corruption on the state budget and the level of economic growth in Ukraine.

It has been found out that scientists who choose different definitions and forms were unanimous about the negative nature and level of harmful influence of these phenomena on the economy of Ukraine.

Various methods were used in the article: dogmatic, formal legal, and system-structural. It is proposed to analyze the main measures necessary to overcome smuggling and corruption in the customs clearance of commercial goods in Ukraine.

First, the implementation of the principle of transparency in the activities of customs during the customs clearance of commercial goods.

Second, updating the qualification requirements for positions in this service and the procedure for competitive selection.

Third, criminalizing the smuggling of commercial goods.

Fourth, establishing coordination of law enforcement and regulatory agencies of Ukraine with the relevant authorities of neighboring countries.

Fifth, expanding the powers of the State Customs Service of Ukraine to investigate the smuggling of commercial goods.

It is concluded that it is necessary and important to develop and introduce specific, rather than declarative, measures to counteract smuggling and corruption in the customs clearance of commercial goods in Ukraine.
Impact of Crew Training and Safety Management System on Operational Management in Aviation Industry of Pakistan
Authors: Hassan Muhammad , Maitlo Ghulam Murtaza
Published: July 2020

Aviation plays a fundamental role in the growth of trade, tourism, economy as well as sustainable development in Pakistan. The two main influential factors Crew Training and Safety Management impacting operations of Engineering Management was found on the basis of literature and analyzed. Primarily, the numerous organizations training methodologies to get their crew staff training was collected from both primary sources that’s questionnaire instrument and secondary sources which is Literature. The reliability and validity of the instrument was tested with the help of Cronbach Alpha and the survey questionnaire was distributed to obtain primary data. The used Non-Probability Sampling technique analyzed thru Statistical Package for Social Sciences software. It was revealed that both the variables i-e Crew Training and Safety Management have a significant impact on improving aviation operational management. Therefore, the management should take remedial measures to work out on Crew Training and Safety Management factors that may augment aviation operational management according to latest National Aviation Policy 2019.
Effective ways of digital media usage in school education
Authors: Mantulenko Valentina V.
Published: July 2020

Our society is increasingly dependent on digital media. Socio-economic changes in Russia and the information explosion that has affected the whole world require a revision of traditional systems, content, methods and technologies of education in the context of various media usage. The purpose of this research is to theoretically substantiate, develop and experimentally prove tools for effective usage of digital media in the educational process of secondary schools in Russia. According to the purpose and hypothesis, the objectives of this research are: to define the essence, functions, didactic and educational possibilities of digital media; to identify pedagogical aspects of their usage in education; to determine structural components of teachers' readiness to using digital media in their work; to develop tools for using digital media in the educational process of secondary schools; to prove experimentally the effectiveness of the developed tools. The research object is the educational process of secondary schools under conditions of digitalization of the Russian education. The subject of this research covers tools of effective usage of digital media in the educational process of secondary schools. The methodological basis of this research was the philosophical concept of dialectical cognition as the basis of scientific pedagogy; the theory of system-complex and personal-activity approaches to the study of pedagogical phenomena, the integration concept of science, education, technology and production. Results: based on the analysis of theoretical sources on the use of digital media in education and the own diagnostic study, the author determined and experimentally tested possible ways of applying digital media as pedagogical tools taking into account their functional load: as means for transforming traditional tasks in a special form; as a teaching assistance instrument; as a communication means; as a reality modeling
tool.
Elementos para una historia de las violencias estatales en la Argentina en el siglo XX
Authors: Bohoslavsky Ernesto , Franco Marina
Published: July 2020

Este artículo revisa algunos supuestos historiográficos en torno al estudio de las formas de represión estatal en Argentina en el siglo XX y ofrece una serie de sugerencias metodológicas y conceptuales sobre el tema. En primer lugar se señala la necesidad de morigerar el uso recurrente de la escala nacional con el fin de percibir las particularidades regionales y globales de muchas prácticas represivas. En segundo lugar, se sugiere poner en cuestión la separación historiográfica entre quienes estudian la historia argentina antes y después de 1955 para detectar fenómenos de continuidad y de larga duración en el siglo XX. La tercera sección discute el peso excesivo que la historiografía suele otorgarle a la “cuestión peronista” lo cual ha condicionado la comprensión de la dinámica de violencia y represión política en la segunda parte del siglo. En el final de este texto se presentan algunas reflexiones para avanzar en caminos alternativos hacia una comprensión más ajustada de las formas de la violencia política estatal en Argentina.
«ПРИГОДИ ЕМЕ ЛЕБЕФ» МИХАЙЛА КУЗМІНА ЯК LA NOVELA PICARESCA І «ГАЛАНТНИЙ» РОМАН
Authors: Гармаш Л. , Разуменко И. , Силаев А.
Published: July 2020

У статті розглядається образ героя-авантюриста в ранній прозі Михайла Кузміна. Аналізується генезис і специфічні риси, властиві героям повісті «Пригоди Еме Лебеф». Встановлено, що поява такого героя була продиктована однією з провідних тенденцій літератури Срібного століття - стилізаторством, яке було властиве усім видам мистецтв. Особливою увагою у представників російської культури початку XX століття користувався «галантний вік» у Франції, перш за все, що домінував в цей час стиль рококо, що вирізнялося особливою витонченістю форми, пильною увагою до деталей і чуттєвої стороні людського життя. Доведено, що Кузмін використовує практично всі звичні сюжетні схеми шахрайського роману, але зберігає найчастіше тільки їх каркас, при цьому опускаючи всі подробиці. Звернувшись до форми шахрайського роману, письменник досить серйозно трансформує її зміст, в чому і полягає, на думку авторів статті, сама суть стилізації. Більшість традиційних мотивів виконує в «Пригодах Еме Лебеф» допоміжну функцію. Головним для автора є створення динамічного захоплюючого сюжету, наповненого безліччю перипетій, з одного боку, і помістити в тексті натяки на сучасну автору повісті реальність – з іншого. Повість Кузміна стає в певному сенсі його поетичним маніфестом і позначає позицію письменника в загальній дискусії, яка розгорнулася на початку XX століття (наприклад, хрестоматійно відомий вірш А. Кручених «Дір, бул, щил» або роботи В. Хлєбнікова) з приводу найближчих перспектив розвитку російської мови. Вступивши в літературу як стилізатор-іноземець, Кузмін відродив стару суперечку між послідовниками адмірала Шишкова і письменника Н.М. Карамзіна, безумовно, розділяючи переконання останніх. Автори статті дійшли висновку, що створюючи «Пригоди Еме Лебефа», М. Кузмін мав на меті не тільки розважити публіку або продемонструвати віртуозне володіння технікою стилізації. Він ставив більш серйозні завдання, проводячи паралель між Західною Європою XVIII століття напередодні Великої французької революції і Росією початку XX століття, яка щойно вийшла з купелі першої революції 1905 року і стояла на порозі Лютневої і Жовтневої революцій 1917 року.
ІРОНІЧНИЙ МОДУС ШПИГУНСЬКОЇ ПОВІСТІ Ю. СМОЛИЧА «ПІВТОРИ ЛЮДИНИ»
Authors: Кулакевич Л. М.
Published: July 2020

Метою статті є визначення жанрово-стильових особливостей повісті як репрезентанта іронічної шпигунської прози. Виявлено, що кліше шпигунського роману максимально оголене (центральний персонаж випадково опиняється у вирі загадкових подій, стає жертвою таємничого нападу і розпочинає власне слідство, у результаті чого буде викрито двох контрреволюціонерів). Встановлено, що відповідно до жанрового канону шпигунського роману героєм твору є пересічна людина, звичайний інженерпочатківець Смик. За шпигунським каноном головний актант повинен бути уважним до деталей, вміти думати аналітично, однак герой Ю. Смолича позбавлений усіх цих рис, йому властива гіпертрофована підозрілість, він повільно засвоює інформацію, мало коли робить правильні висновки, емоції, які той переживає під час пошуку злочинця, не властиві ловцям шпигунів. Звертаємо увагу на «перевернутість» штампів шпигунського наративу в тексті Ю. Смолича, адже у статусі компаньйона простацького Смика опиняється агент ДПУ, наділений рисами супермена. В образі останнього підкреслено деталі, які відсилають чекіста до конандойлівського Шерлока Холмса. Сюжет полювання на шпигунів ускладнено додатковими лініями, їх перетинання породжує комізм ситуацій, у які потрапляє головний герой. Моделюючи образи шпигунів, письменник іронізує зі стереотипів масової свідомості, згідно з якими вороги обов’язково мають куркульське чи дворянське коріння є підступними й аморальними, у зв’язку з чим у повісті розгортається мотив інцесту. Відповідно до літературного штампу шпигун повинен розкрити всі карти своєї діяльності, однак у повісті Ю. Смолича використано мінус-прийом: контрреволюціонери гинуть, так і не розказавши, кому мали б вручити план і чи збиралися взагалі його красти. Акцентовано, що повість Ю. Смолича є пародією на шпигунський роман. Послуговуючись термінами сучасного літературознавства, повість можна було б точніше означити як іронічний шпигунський детектив. Пародійність виявляється не тільки в нанизувані безглуздих ситуацій, але й у порушенні єдності теми і стилю оповіді. У повісті пародіюються не тільки літературні канони, але й атмосфера 20–30 років ХХ ст.. Іронія досягається використанням зниженої лексики, уведенням деталей і ситуацій, що не відповідають традиційним шаблонам шпигунського наративу.
ІДЕЯ КОХАННЯ КРІЗЬ ПРИЗМУ ЕСТЕТИКИ ПРИРОДИ В ВІРШІ «ПІСНЯ» СТЮАРТА МЕРРІЛЯ
Authors: Паульс В. О.
Published: July 2020

Франкофонний поет Стюарт Мерріль (1863–1915) є представником «молодого покоління» символістів. На ряду з Р. Ґілєм, А. де Реньє, П. Кіяром і іншими він продовжив розвиток літературного напряму, підхопивши його на вершині популярності, й значуще збагатив його. Вірш «Пісня» (1887) було написано в період пошуку поетом свого стилю, тому відмічаємо, що в творі авторська індивідуальність ще не домінує над основними символістськими канонами. Весна, пробудження природи після зими і її поденне відновлення – основна тема вірша. Робимо припущення, що автор бачив схожість природних змін із хвилюючими моментами у житті людини, коли легка симпатія перероджується в палке кохання. Проте, він не говорить про це відкрито, напряму, а «ховає» головну ідею під чисельними символами. Дешифрування «зриває» символістську оболонку та «оголює» ідею кожного символу окремо та ідею твору загалом. Свого часу зв’язок між знаком і наміром вивчав французький лінгвіст і філолог Гюстав Гійом. Він запровадив метод психосистематики, згідно якому науковець подумки проходить шлях назад від видимого фізичного до невидимого абстрактного. Щодо музичності та звучанню, саме метафори створюють мелодійність тексту: на початку вірша темп нежвавий, але поступово він робиться більш ритмічним і динамічним.
Right to Information and Whistle Blower: A Journey from Theory to Practice
Authors: Nidhi Aditi , TV Nideesh Kumar
Published: July 2020

History is witness to the fact that there have always been informers who reveal inside information to others. Ancient Greeks talked about whistleblowing centuries before. Lykourgos, the Athenian orator, in his speech against Leokratis said: neither laws nor judges can bring any results unless someone denounces the wrongdoers. Even in Ancient India, the concept of a Whistle blower was in existence, Kautilya proposed- “Any informant (súchaka) who supplies information about embezzlement just under perpetration shall, if he succeeds in proving it, get as reward one-sixth of the amount in question; if he happens to be a government servant (bhritaka), he shall get for the same act one-twelfth of the amount.Whistle blowers play an important role in fighting corruption, in protecting the public and the environment from harm, and in providing accountability for the violation of legal norms. When an individual blows the whistle on alleged wrongdoing, he/she may suffer severe financial consequences. The law recognizes the social good that can come from whistleblowing by providing some protection for them and encouraging such conduct in a variety of ways.Even so, whistle blowers continue to occupy a fundamentally ambivalent position in society. Some whistle blowers are celebrated for their courage and self-sacrifice in protecting society from harm. But at the same time, many whistle blowers experience financial and social retaliation. This ambivalence is reflected in the law of whistleblowing: both its limited scope and how it operates. The law offers whistle blowers some legal protection, but government officials who are responsible for administering those laws often find ways to narrow that protection. Thus, even the most robust legal protection cannot protect whistle blowers from the social consequences of their action.While whistle blowers can play a critical role in protecting the public, they often pay an enormous personal price. The article will seek to aid an understanding of how different policy purposes, approaches, and legal options can be combined in the design of better legislation. It provides a guide to key elements of the new legislation, as an example of legislative development taking place over a long period, informed by different trends.
Multiauditing Based Cloud Storage Using a Dynamic Hash Table
Authors: Arun Kumar K , Mohammed Harun Babu R , Kalaivanan S , Kanimozhi V
Published: July 2020

Cloud depository is one of the customary supplications of the cloud computing system, which offers on-demand offloading services for both individuals and institutions. Although utilizes do not have full faith in the cloud service providers (CSPs) within that, it is hard to decide either the CSPs meet their licit expectations for data security or not. Thence, it is evaluative to come up with productive auditing techniques to boost owners’ trust and reliance in cloud storage. In this paper, we are presenting a scheme of auditing for assured cloud storage based on a 2-dimensional data structure called a dynamic hash table (DHT), used to record the data information for public auditing. This scheme emigrates the approved information from the CSP to the TPA and thereby a remarkable reduction in the computational cost and communication overhead. Also, the deduplication technology is utilized to lower the capacity and bandwidth prerequisites of the utilities by removing repetitious informati zon and stockpiles, only an original replica of them. We enhance our design encourages privacy preservation by homomorphism authenticator constructed on the public key, and attend batch auditing by aggregate BLS signature technique. Experimental results indicate that our mechanism achieves secure deduplication and tag generation improvements.