bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Locating the Impact of Geopolitics on the New York Times’ Coverage of Kashmir from Late 20th Century to Early 21st Century
Authors: Boga Dilnaz
Published: May 2023

The Cold War, among other global geopolitical events, configured and reconfigured politics at multiple levels globally. Other mediatised events, such as the September 11 attacks, the subsequent ‘War on Terror’, Islamophobia and economic processes, such as India’s economic liberalisation in the 1990s, created new global geopolitical alliances between regions. Effects of the shifting politics percolated to local and national amalgams of power, which influenced the gaze of the media. The paper, through Critical Discourse Analysis, unravels the geopolitical impact of the reportage on the Gaw Kadal Massacre and the Amarnath Land Row in Kashmir by The New York Times between 1990 and 2010. The study connects the political objectives of the ruling class to those of the media. Contradistinctions in the political nature of reportage that emerge from the text are linked to geopolitical processes, suggesting that important global events shaped the publication’s gaze on the contested space.
HEXACO Personality Factors and their Associations with Facebook use and Facebook Network Characteristics
Authors: Brown Riana M , Roberts Sam GB , Pollet Thomas V
Published: May 2023

Personality factors affect the properties of ‘offline’ social networks, but how they are associated with the structural properties of online networks is still unclear. We investigated how the six HEXACO personality factors (Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience) relate to Facebook use and three objectively measured Facebook network characteristics - network size, density, and number of clusters. Participants ( n = 107, mean age = 20.6, 66% female) extracted their Facebook networks using the GetNet app, completed the 60-item HEXACO questionnaire and the Facebook Usage Questionnaire. Users high in Openness to Experience spent less time on Facebook. Extraversion was positively associated with network size (number of Facebook Friends). These findings suggest that some personality factors are associated with Facebook use and the size of Facebook networks, and that personality is an important influence on both online and offline sociality.
Teaching across the FGWC Terrain: Reflections of Sociology Educators
Authors: Oehmen Nicole B. , Haylett Jennifer , Belt Leia , Clark Jesse
Published: May 2023

In this article, we investigate the college teaching experiences of four first-generation and working-class (FGWC) sociology educators with varying social locations. We used collaborative autoethnography to compare our backgrounds and university navigational strategies employed and shared with our students and mentees. Using an intersectional lens, we find our experiences reflect both commonalities and divergences in the FGWC experience, including disclosure of our FG and/or WC origin status to students and our perceptions of how race, gender, and parental status shape our teaching of sociology across differing institutional settings. We end by using insights gleaned from comparing our experiences to provide recommendations for creating more inclusive classroom and institutional environments.
Does Risk Change Simply Indicate Current Risk for Recidivism or Something More? A Review of the Predictive Value of Intraindividual Change
Authors: Davies Simon T. , Lloyd Caleb D. , Polaschek Devon L. L.
Published: May 2023

In this review article, we critically analyze the relationship between change in dynamic risk (i.e., intraindividual change) and recidivism. We start by reviewing the empirical evidence, which indicates intraindividual change is associated with recidivism. However, we highlight how the predictive value of change scores needs careful interpretation. The finding that change scores predict incrementally over baseline scores may simply reflect the improved accuracy of a more recent assessment. Alternatively, the degree of change preceding the reassessment may be relevant in addition to the current level of dynamic risk at reassessment. We propose theoretical reasons why past change may be relevant for prediction beyond current risk scores. Furthermore, the empirical evidence suggests prior change may contain information not solely reflected within the current risk score, but the current evidence has several limitations. Due to the important implications for correctional practice, we encourage further research that more directly examines this question.
Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastasizing to the Cricoid Cartilage Presenting With Subglottic Stenosis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Bandoh Nobuyuki , Kubota Akinobu , Takeda Ryuhei , Sakaue Shota , Goto Takashi , Baba Shogo , Hashiba Natsumi , Kato Yasutaka , Nishihara Hiroshi
Published: May 2023

A 72-year-old Japanese man with a 4-month history of hoarseness and 1-week history of difficulty breathing was admitted to our department. He underwent right total nephrectomy for primary clear cell-type renal cell carcinoma (RCC) 6 years ago and left partial nephrectomy for the metastasis 4 years ago. Flexible laryngeal fiberscope examination revealed bilateral subglottic stenosis without obvious mucosal lesions. Enhanced computerized tomography (CT) scan of the neck revealed that the cricoid cartilage had become bilaterally expansive and tumorous lesion exhibiting enhancement. We performed tracheostomy on the appointed day and biopsied the tumor in the cricoid cartilage via the skin incision. Results of histologic and immunohistologic examinations for AE1/AE3, CD10, and vimentin positivity were consistent with clear cell-type RCC. Chest and abdomen CT scans revealed a few tiny metastases in the upper lobe of the left lung but no recurrence in the abdomen. At 2 weeks from the day of tracheostomy, total laryngectomy was performed. Postoperatively, the patient was treated transorally with axitinib (10 mg/day) and as of 12 months he remains alive with unchanging lung metastasis. Next-generation sequencing of targeted regions using a surgical specimen from the tumor revealed a frameshift mutation in the von Hippel-Lindau gene (p.T124Hfs*35) and a missense mutation in the TP53 gene (p.H193R).
Postcardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with congenital heart disease; the effect of place of initiation
Authors: AbuHassan Hanan R , Arafat Amr A , Albabtain Monirah A , Alwadai Abdullah H , AlArwan Khaled M , Ali Amira A , Rasheed Sadia , Babikr Nida B , Shaikh Shawana F
Published: May 2023

Background

Postcardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in pediatric patients can be affected by the place of initiation, either in the operating room (OR) or the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (PCICU). This study aimed to characterize and compare patients who had postcardiotomy ECMO initiation in the OR or PCICU and evaluate risk factors for hospital mortality.

Methods

This retrospective study included 103 patients who required postcardiotomy ECMO support after the repair of congenital cardiac lesions from 2010 to 2022. Patients were grouped according to the place of ECMO insertion into two groups. Group 1 ( n = 69) had ECMO insertion in the OR, and Group 2 ( n = 34) had ECMO insertion in the PCICU.

Results

Cardiac arrest occurred significantly more often in patients with ECMO insertion in the PCICU (21 (61.76%) vs. 13 (18.84%); p < 0.001). Pre-ECMO lactate levels, pH, VIS, base deficit, and PaO2 did not differ between the groups. Re-exploration for bleeding was significantly higher in Group 1 (32 (46.38%) vs. 8 (23.53%); p = 0.03). Cannula repositioning (4 (11.76%) v. 2 (2.90%); p = 0.09) and mechanical ventilation time were nonsignificantly higher in Group 2 (19.5 (10–31) vs. 11 (5–25) days; p = 0.07). No difference in mortality was found between groups (42 (60.87%) vs. 23 (67.65%), p = 0.50). By multivariable analysis, elevated lactate on ECMO and low pH before ECMO were associated with mortality.

Conclusions

ECMO insertion in the OR has a comparable mortality rate to PCICU insertion. Pre-ECMO low pH and high lactate during ECMO could predict mortality.
Expression and clinical significance of DOK3 in renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yi-Fan , Hu Yu-Qi , Hu Yu-Ning , Bai Yu-Chen , Wang Heng , Zhang Qi
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Docking Protein 3 (DOK3) is an adapter protein that has been implicated in various cellular processes relevant to diseases, such as cancer. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of DOK3 in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) by examining how its expression levels are correlated with patient characteristics and prognosis.

Methods

We analyzed KIRC-related data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and used several bioinformatics tools, such as LinkedOmics and Oncomine, to evaluate DOK3 mRNA expression in KIRC. DOK3 protein expression was examined in 150 clinical KIRC samples and 100 non-cancerous renal tissues with immunohistochemistry assays. The prognostic value of DOK3 mRNA expression on patient overall survival was analyzed retrospectively using Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression analyses.

Results

DOK3 mRNA expression was notably higher in KIRC samples compared with normal tissues. Significant correlations were found between DOK3 mRNA expression levels and tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and pathological grade using the bioinformatics data. This was confirmed at the protein level with immunohistochemistry data. Survival analyses indicated that elevated DOK3 expression is linked to a lower overall survival rate in KIRC patients.

Conclusions

DOK3 is a potential biomarker for determining KIRC patient clinical prognosis.
Assessing the time course and magnitude of different forms of attentional priming
Authors: Kristjánsson Árni , Jóhannesson Ómar I.
Published: May 2023

Priming of attentional selection involves speeded selection of task-relevant visual search items when search stimuli remain constant between trials. Various paradigms involving different features have been used to study the nature of this priming. The tasks differ greatly in difficulty and the neural mechanisms involved, raising the question of how easily priming on one feature dimension can be used to draw conclusions about priming on another. Here, this was addressed by contrasting time courses and relative sizes of priming effects for the repetition of a lower-level and higher-level feature (color vs. facial expression). Priming was tested in two odd-one-out search tasks, one involving discrimination (experiments 1A and 1B), the other a present/absent judgment (experiments 2A and 2B). The main question was how similar the size and temporal profiles of priming are for the two features. The sizes of the priming effects were very different for color and expression and color priming effects lasted for much longer than expression priming (measured with memory kernel analyses), suggesting that the mechanisms behind the effects differ in their operational principles. Different forms of priming should only be compared with great caution and priming seems to occur at many levels of processing. Priming should be thought of as a general principle of perceptual processing.
Effectiveness of three calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies for migraine: A 12-month, single-center, observational real-world study in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Keisuke , Suzuki Shiho , Shiina Tomohiko , Tatsumoto Muneto , Fujita Hiroaki , Haruyama Yasuo , Hirata Koichi
Published: May 2023

Background

Real-world data on the effectiveness of calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies (CGRP mAbs) in migraine patients are needed.

Methods

We performed a single-center, real-world study with an observation period of up to 12 months (mean 7.5 ± 3.4 months) after CGRP mAb administration. A total of 228 Japanese patients with episodic or chronic migraine (age, 45.9 ± 13.2 years; 184F; 45 erenumab; 60 galcanezumab; 123 fremanezumab) who were treated with CGRP mAbs for at least three months were ultimately included in this study.

Results

In the total cohort, after CGRP mAb treatment, mean monthly migraine days decreased by 7.2 ± 4.8, 8.3 ± 4.7, and 9.5 ± 5.0 at three, six and 12 months, respectively. The ≥50% monthly migraine day reduction rates at three, six and 12 months were 48.2%, 61.0% and 73.7%, respectively. In the logistic regression analysis, the presence of osmophobia and fewer baseline monthly migraine days contributed to ≥50% responders at three, six and 12 months. The ≥50% responders at three or six months were useful in predicting ≥50% responders at 12 months. In subgroups of patients with difficult-to-treat migraine (those with medication overuse headache or psychiatric comorbidities) and previous CGRP mAb users, monthly migraine days were substantially reduced over 12 months. There was no difference in monthly migraine day reduction over 12 months among three different CGRP mAbs. Adverse reactions were observed in 28 (12.3%) patients, with injection site reactions being the most common (n = 22) though generally mild in severity.

Conclusion

This real-world study confirmed the efficacy and safety of three different CGRP mAbs for prophylactic treatment of patients with migraine.
Factors contributing to slow completion rate among postgraduate students of the Information Studies Programme at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Mkhai Emmanuel
Published: May 2023

This study was carried out to examine causes of slow completion among postgraduate students of the Information Studies Programme at the University of Dar es Salaam. The study used both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. It involved 61 respondents, including 56 postgraduate students involved in a questionnaire survey and 5 lecturers interviewed. Findings revealed that the majority of students took more than the university-stipulated time to complete their studies. Factors responsible include students’ failure to comprehend comments from supervisors, poor relationships between students and supervisors, multiple roles and a poor research environment. Incompetence in research skills and financial constraints were also noted to contribute to slow completion. The study concludes that slow completion among students is not a function of a single factor. Addressing these factors is critical in enhancing the timely completion of studies. Accordingly, this study recommends that the programme should create supportive learning environment for its students such that learning outcomes are improved.
Trauma-Related Shame Mediates the Associations Between Self-Blame, Bisexual Minority Stress, and Rape-Related PTSD Symptoms
Authors: Salim Selime R. , Bhuptani Prachi H. , Eshelman Lee R. , LaPlena Nicole M. , Messman Terri L.
Published: May 2023

Bisexual women experience higher rates of rape and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence compared to heterosexual and lesbian women. In addition, bisexual women experience unique antibisexual stigma and minority stress, which are associated with post-trauma outcomes. The aim of the current study was to test trauma-related shame as a mechanism in the relations of self-blame and bisexual minority stress (i.e., antibisexual stigma and internalized binegativity) with rape-related PTSD symptom. The sample consisted of 192 cisgender bisexual women (ages 18–35 years) who reported an experience of rape since the age of 18. Results from path analysis conducted in Mplus indicated that trauma-related shame mediated the link between self-blame and rape-related PTSD severity, as well as the links from antibisexual stigma and internalized binegativity to rape-related PTSD severity. There was also an indirect serial effect from antibisexual stigma to internalized binegativity to shame to PTSD severity. Thus, findings highlight the mechanistic role of trauma-related shame in rape-related PTSD symptoms. We identified two risk pathways: (a) general/universal risk from self-blame about rape and shame to PTSD severity and (b) group-specific risk from bisexual minority stress and shame to PTSD severity. Results indicate that reducing trauma-related shame may be an important target to improve post-rape outcomes. Finally, stigma associated with rape and sexual violence as well as antibisexual stigma must be eradicated to improve post-trauma outcomes among bisexual survivors.
Short sharp shock and long deep rumble: Natural disasters and private property loss in New Zealand
Authors: Vosslamber Rob
Published: May 2023

This article contributes to the nascent research agenda on accounting for natural disasters by addressing the question: What responsibility did New Zealand's central government assume in respect of private property loss caused by natural disasters, and did this change over time? It considers the source of financial support to assist New Zealanders who suffered a loss due to a natural disaster in the period from early settlement until 1990. Although change occurred, throughout the period the state did not assume responsibility for private property loss. This article adopts historical institutionalism to contribute to the research agenda of accounting for natural disasters by considering policy and response over the long term, rather than focusing on a single disaster event or specific disaster type.
Baseball and Science: What Roberto Clemente and Willie Mays Can Teach Us About Measuring Scholarly Impact
Authors: Pratt Travis C.
Published: May 2023

Citation-based indicators of scholarly impact are controversial in the sciences. Although they are often used in rankings of institutions, scholarly works, and scholars themselves, they have been criticized for their failure to capture a wider spectrum of “scholarly impact.” Much like the “five tools” that baseball players can use to influence the outcome of a baseball game, there are a lot of different ways that scholars can have an impact with their work. Accordingly, this article discusses multiple dimensions of impact—research (publications and citations), student mentorship, institutional and programmatic development, community engagement, and the discipline at large—where scholars can make a difference in people’s lives. In the end, the broader message is that, while there will inevitably be few players like Roberto Clemente or Willie Mays in the sciences, there are still several important ways that scholars can make an impact.
Reliability assessment for hybrid solar tower under near-fault pulse-like ground motions using Kriging surrogate and subset simulation
Authors: Ding Yanqiong , Xu Yazhou , Bai Guoliang
Published: May 2023

Concentrated solar towers are commonly designed as high-rise hybrid structures, which exhibit properties of non-uniform mass and rigidity along the height of the tower, and consequently are vulnerable to strong seismic ground motions. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the seismic performance of a hybrid solar tower, which is one of the tallest hybrid solar towers in the world. The hybrid solar tower includes a reinforced concrete tube at the bottom and a steel-truss tube at the top and is subjected to near-fault pulse-like ground motions. A simulation technique that utilizes the stochastic point-source model and a velocity pulse model was introduced to generate stochastic pulse-like ground motions. The stochastic response of the hybrid solar tower to near-fault pulse-like ground motions was computed to estimate the tower’s reliability. To enhance the efficiency of reliability estimation, an algorithm combining the Kriging surrogate and subset simulation (K-SS) was presented. The aggregate response of the tower was found to be significantly more damaging over the border of the reinforced concrete tube and the steel-truss tube than below the border. The study found that the hybrid solar tower has a reliability of 90.53% when subjected to stochastic near-fault pulse-like ground motions with a peak ground acceleration of 0.62 g. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of the seismic performance of high-rise hybrid solar towers under near-fault pulse-like ground motions.
Frailty and Polypharmacy in Primary Care
Authors: Derhem Baki , Özsari Süleyman
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is a clinical judgement-based frailty tool developed from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Many studies on the measurement of frailty and its effect on clinical outcomes have been conducted on patients hospitalized, especially in intensive care units. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between polypharmacy and frailty on outpatient older adult patients in primary care.

Materials and Method

This cross-sectional study included 298 patients who were aged ≥65 years and admitted to Yenimahalle Family Health Center between May-2022 and July-2022. Frailty was evaluated by using CFS. Polypharmacy was defined as five medications or more and “excessive polypharmacy” as 10 medications or more. The medications below five are grouped as “no polypharmacy”.

Results

There was a statistically significance between age groups, gender, smoking status, marital status, polypharmacy status, and FS ( p = .003 and η2: .20; p < .001 and Cohen d: .80; p = .018 and Cohen d: .35; p < .001 and Cohen d: 1.10 and p < .001 and η2: 1.45 respectively). A strong, positive correlation was found between polypharmacy and the frailty score.

Conclusion

Polypharmacy, especially excessive polypharmacy, may be a promising adjunct to frailty in identifying older patients whose health is more likely to worsen. Providers in primary care should also consider frailty when prescribing drugs.
Polysaccharides polymers for glaucoma treatment-a review
Authors: Ahmed Tanvir , Islam Md. Nazmul , Monalisa Rina , Ehsan Feroz , Huang Shu-Wei
Published: May 2023

One of the major challenges in preventing glaucoma progression is patient compliance with medication regimens. Since conventional ophthalmic dosage forms have numerous limitations, researchers have been intensively working on developing polymers-based delivery systems for glaucoma drugs. Specifically, research and development efforts have increased using polysaccharide polymers such as sodium alginate, cellulose, β-cyclodextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, pectin, gellan gum, galactomannans for sustained release to the eye to overcome treatment challenges, showing promise in improving drug release and delivery, patient experience, and treatment compliance. In the recent past, multiple research groups have successfully designed sustained drug delivery systems, promoting the efficacy as well as the feasibility of glaucoma drugs with single/combinations of polysaccharides to eliminate the drawbacks associated with the glaucoma treatment. Naturally available polysaccharides, when used as drug vehicles can increase the retention time of eye drops on the ocular surface, leading to improved drug absorption and bioavailability. Additionally, some polysaccharides can form gels or matrices that can release drugs slowly over time, providing sustained drug delivery and reducing the need for frequent dosing. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview of the pre-clinical and clinical studies of polysaccharide polymers applied for glaucoma treatment along with their therapeutic outcomes.
Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome: Diagnosis and Long-Term Ventilatory Outcomes
Authors: Fain Mary Ellen , Westbrook Adrianna L , Kasi Ajay S
Published: May 2023

Background:

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), a rare disease caused by variants in the paired-like homeobox 2B ( PHOX2B) gene, affects regulation of respiration necessitating lifelong assisted ventilation (AV). Most patients require full-time AV during infancy and some patients may sustain adequate spontaneous ventilation during wakefulness and change AV modalities at a later age. The aims of this study were to assess the changes in duration and modalities of AV, long-term respiratory outcomes, and to correlate them with PHOX2B genotypes.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective study of patients with CCHS treated at our institution between January 1997 and May 2022. Results analyzed included: clinical presentation, PHOX2B genotype, modality and duration of AV at diagnosis and follow-up, survival, and transition to adult care.

Results:

We identified 30 patients with CCHS—8 with PHOX2B nonpolyalanine repeat mutations (NPARMs), 21 with polyalanine repeat mutations (PARMs), and 1 with unknown PHOX2B genotype. The median age at presentation was 0.25 months (IQR 0.1-0.7 months). At diagnosis of CCHS, 24 (80%) patients required continuous AV and 28 (93%) received AV via tracheostomy. Twenty-six patients required sleep-only AV at a median age of 9 months (IQR 6-14 months). Nine patients requiring sleep-only AV underwent tracheostomy decannulation at a median age of 11.2 years (IQR 5.9-15.7 years) and used noninvasive positive pressure ventilation or diaphragm pacing. There was insufficient evidence to conclude that patients with PARMs and NPARMs differed by age at presentation ( P = .39), tracheostomy ( P = .06), and transition to sleep-only AV ( P = .9). Six patients transitioned to adult care, 23 continued receiving pediatric care, and 1 patient died due to complications from Hirschsprung’s disease.

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrates prolonged survival and good long-term respiratory outcomes possibly related to the early diagnosis of CCHS, optimizing AV strategies, and multidisciplinary care. The increasing number of patients attaining adulthood highlights the necessity for multidisciplinary care for adults with CCHS.
Somatic and Depressive Symptoms Among Children From Latin America and the English-Speaking Caribbean
Authors: Gibson Roger C , Lowe Gillian , Lipps Garth , Jules Mia A , Romero-Acosta Kelly , Daley Avril
Published: May 2023

Background

The extent to which depression is associated with somatic complaints in children from the English-speaking Caribbean and Latin America is not well established.

Objective

We sought to explore the association between depressive and somatic symptoms among children from the English-speaking Caribbean and Latin America, while accounting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, cultural background, and anxiety score.

Method

1541 elementary school children, ages 9–12 years, from the English-speaking Caribbean and Latin America completed the Adolescent Depression Rating Scale (ARDS), the Numeric 0–10 Anxiety Self-Report Scale and the Children’s Somatic Symptom Inventory-24 (CSSI-24). T-tests and ANOVA’s were used to compare CSSI-24 and ARDS scores among countries, and the CSSI-24 scores of children with (ARDS ≥ 4) and without likely clinically significant depression. Regression analyses assessed possible predictors of CSSI-24 score.

Results

Depressive and somatic symptom scores were highest among the Jamaican children and lowest among the Colombian children ( p < .001). Children with likely clinically significant depression exhibited higher mean somatic symptom scores ( p < .001). Depressive symptom scores predicted somatic symptom scores ( p < .001).

Conclusions

Depressive symptoms were a strong predictor of reporting somatic symptoms. Knowledge of this association may facilitate better recognition of depression among youth.
Effects of police ethics training on ethnic prejudice and social dominance orientation
Authors: van Droogenbroeck Filip , Spruyt Bram , Ivković Sanja Kutnjak
Published: May 2023

Police administrators are looking for concrete pathways to fight the phenomenon of (ethnic) prejudice among members of the police force. Surprisingly, few studies have assessed the effectiveness of existing police ethics training programs on prejudice and social dominance orientation. Therefore, we assessed the impact of a 1-day training called the Holocaust, Police, and Human Rights (HPH) program on the attitudes related to ethnic prejudice and social dominance orientation of 223 members of the Belgian police. Analyses of three-wave panel data indicate that HPH training reduced ethnic prejudice and social dominance orientation. For ethnic prejudice, the reduced effects were maintained after 1 month in the follow-up study. However, the effect of training on prejudice was weaker for police officers who were more often exposed to victims and perpetrators of crime. No lasting effect of HPH training was found for social dominance orientation.
Encouraging minority trust and compliance with police in a procedural justice experiment: How identity and situational context matter
Authors: Murphy Kristina
Published: May 2023

Poor police–minority relations have spurred calls for police reform worldwide. In response, scholars have suggested procedural justice as a way police might improve this relationship. This study explores how situational and person-specific factors condition how minorities interpret procedural justice in vicarious police encounters. The study adopts a randomized experiment with 504 Muslims. In the experiment, an officer’s and Muslim suspect’s behavior were both varied between groups in a police encounter. Participants’ strength of identification with police was also measured. As expected, Muslim participants trusted the officer and complied more when the officer was depicted as procedurally just compared to procedurally unjust. However, this effect was moderated by the suspect’s behavior; the procedural justice effect on trust was weaker when the Muslim suspect was depicted as disrespectful toward police. Identification with police also moderated the procedural justice effect on trust and compliance; the procedural justice effect was stronger for Muslims who identified more strongly with police. Finally, identification further moderated the Officer x Suspect Behavior interaction effect; the interaction was accentuated for those who identified more strongly with police. These findings suggest that procedural justice does promote minorities’ trust in police and compliance, but situational and person-specific factors condition this.
Social identity and support for defunding the police in the aftermath of George Floyd’s murder
Authors: Jackson Jonathan , Fine Adam , Bradford Ben , Trinkner Rick
Published: May 2023

In the spring and summer of 2020, police in the United States killed Breonna Taylor, George Floyd, and other unarmed people of color. In one of the largest social movements in the nation’s history, thousands engaged in public protests and called to defund or abolish the police. Debate about police racism and the need for reform intensified, with public opinion polls showing how polarized public attitudes were along traditional political lines. Analyzing data from a cross-sectional quota sample survey of 1,500 U.S. residents conducted in summer 2020, our findings confirmed the proposition that opposition and support for defunding the police was related to not only political views and superordinate identification with the group that the police prototypically represent, but also polarized intergroup identification with the police and the Black Lives Matter movement, as well as people’s perceptions of police procedural justice and systemic racism.
Achieving Our Moemoeā: Community-Led Food Security Strategy Development
Authors: Food Action Network Manawatū , Severinsen Christina , Reweti Angelique
Published: May 2023

The Manawatū Food Action Network (MFAN) is a collective of social service and environmental organizations and community stakeholders that work together to promote collaboration, education and awareness of issues surrounding food security, food resilience, and localization in the local community. In 2021, the 4412 neighborhood was identified as requiring urgent assistance, with approximately one third of residents experiencing food insecurity. The 4412 Kai Resilience Strategy was developed with the community to move from food insecurity to food resilience and sovereignty. Recognizing that food security is complex and based on multiple causes, six interwoven workstreams were identified to create a multifaceted, coordinated strategy. This includes education, food economy, community, food support, māra kai, and social enterprise. The strategy cultivates local ownership and commitment to change. It creates a broader constituency of support, balancing the urgent need to feed people today with the long-term need to change systems through step-change initiatives. Through this approach, communities can better make sustainable and meaningful changes to their lives and circumstances rather than relying on external resources.
The Impact of Virtual Reality (VR) on Psychological and Physiological Variables in Children Receiving Chemotherapy: A Pilot Cross-Over Study
Authors: Erdős Sándor , Horváth Klára
Published: May 2023

Background: Virtual reality (VR) is a novel technology which provides a great opportunity to reduce some of the adverse effects of chemotherapy. Objective: Our study aims to investigate the effects of VR on the emotional states of paediatric oncology patients (n = 29, age: 10-18 years) receiving chemotherapy in a clinical setting with a crossover design. Methods: Children played a VR game in the experimental, and a mobile game in the control condition. Psychological (happiness, joy, fear, nervousness, anxiety, alertness, patience) and physiological variables (heart rate, systolic blood pressure, electrodermal activity), as well as pain and nausea were measured before and after the sessions. Data were analysed with multiple 2-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Joy ( P = .003) and happiness ( P < .001) increased significantly when using VR, while there was no change in the control condition. Anxiety decreased ( P = .002) and patience increased ( P = .015) in both conditions, implying no additional benefit of VR. Children were more fearful before the VR session ( P = .005), which disappeared after it. In case of physiological parameters, electrodermal activity decreased ( P = .01) significantly after playing the mobile game, but not after the VR one. Conclusions: Our investigation point to the positive effects of VR on mood in paediatric oncology inpatients, thus, it could be used as a new tool in improving patients’ well-being during chemotherapeutical treatment. Our results indicate that VR is an effective tool in improving patients’ well-being during chemotherapeutic treatment.
Creating Anti-Racist Building Leadership Teams Through Structural, Interpersonal, and Personal Anti-Racist Efforts
Authors: Voulgarides Catherine Kramarczuk , Jean-Pierre Patrick
Published: May 2023

In this case study, we show how building and/or instructional leadership teams (BLTs and ILTs) were repurposed to meet the challenge of the global health pandemic and the racial unrest associated with the murder of George Floyd in 2020. We outline how anti-racist work flourished during this critical time in one school district and led to the development of anti-racist BLTs (ARBLTs). Educators had to manage tensions associated with anti-racist work that both empowered them and made them feel vulnerable in their personal and professional identities. We conclude by providing insights into how systemic anti-racist leadership practices and structures can be developed at the local level and leveraged to enact change via well-established practices such as BLTs and ILTs.
Roles of mast cells and their interactions with the trigeminal nerve in migraine headache
Authors: Guan Leo C , Dong Xinzhong , Green Dustin P
Published: May 2023

Migraine pain is characterized by an intense, throbbing pain in the head area and possesses complex pathological and physiological origins. Among the various factors believed to contribute to migraine are mast cells (MCs), resident tissue immune cells that are closely associated with pain afferents in the meninges. In this review, we aim to examine and discuss recent findings on the individual roles of MCs and the trigeminal nerve in migraine, as well as the various connections between their mechanisms with an emphasis on the contributions those relationships make to migraine. This is seen through MC release of histamine, among other compounds, and trigeminal nerve release of calcitonin-gene-related-peptide (CGRP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-38 (PACAP-38), which are peptides that are thought to contribute to migraine. Secondly, we illustrate the bi-directional relationship of neurogenic inflammation as well as highlight the role of MCs and their effect on the trigeminal nerve in migraine mechanisms. Lastly, we discuss potential new targets for clinical interventions of MC- and trigeminal nerve-mediated migraine, and present future perspectives of mechanistic and translational research.
Russia’s strategic communication during the Ukraine crisis (2013–2014): Victims, hypocrites, and radicals
Authors: Zhang Chang , Zhou Ting
Published: May 2023

The article retrospectively looks at Russia’s strategic communication during the Ukraine crisis (2013–2014) in light of the ongoing Russian-Ukraine conflicts. Russia’s strategic communication campaign, especially the sophisticated use of state-sponsored international broadcaster-Russia Today (RT)-has been proven to raise sympathy, distract attention and delay effective reactions from the Ukranian government and NATO. RT’s strategic mediatisation of the Ukraine crisis not only fermented a favourable environment for Russia’s annexation of Crimea but set up the meta-narratives and operational framework for the subsequent influence operation practiced by the Russian government during the current Russo-Ukraine war. The article adopts a multimodal discourse analysis to elicit RT’s identity narratives about three main actors during the Ukraine crisis: Russia, the West, and Ukraine. By analysing RT’s YouTube audio-visual representation of the Ukraine crisis, the research finds that RT has applied a victimisation strategy to legitimise Russia’s military intervention in the Annexation of Crimea as a defencive counterattack. The West is accused of provoking a divide between Russia and Ukraine and being an unreliable partner and hypocritical norm-upholder. The Ukrainian components are dichotomously represented. While the pro-Eu protestors and the interim government are framed in line with violence, disorder, and neo-Nazism, the ejected pro-Russian Yanukovych government is legitimised as a democratically elected government, and its policy is aggressively crushed by the pro-Eu protestors. The empirical research suggests that RT’s discursive construction of the Ukraine crisis is built on a divisive script between a victimised pro-Russia club and an aggressive pro-EU camp. By reflecting upon RT’s strategic mediatisation of the Ukraine crisis, the paper seeks to illuminate the historical continuance and variation of Russia’s strategic communication in the post-cold war era. It thus aims to make a meaningful addition to the study of Russian propaganda and shed historical insights to make sense of Russia’s ever-intensifying information campaign during the ongoing Russo-Ukraine War.
Designing the memory of terror, negotiating national memory: The National September 11 Memorial and the National Memorial for Peace and Justice
Authors: Sturken Marita
Published: May 2023

This essay analyzes two American memorials that were built in the post-9/11 era: the National September 11 Memorial in New York City, which opened in 2011, and the National Memorial for Peace and Justice, which opened in Montgomery, Alabama, in 2018. Both of these memorials pay tribute to victims of terrorism, the first to victims of foreign terrorism and the second to victims of lynchings, a form of racial terrorism within the United States. This essay argues that these two memorials define the beginning and end of the post-9/11 era, from memorialization as a nationalist enterprise to memorialization as a reckoning on race that demands the destruction of racist monuments and the construction of memorials to victims of racist violence. It looks in particular at how the modern designs of these two memorials produce very different kinds of experiences of memory to tell distinct narratives of victimhood, loss, and nation.
“Let me be dust”: Memory beyond testimony in Gwangju, South Korea
Authors: Karp Melissa
Published: May 2023

Archives of the 5·18 Gwangju People’s Uprising—a 1980 pro-democracy protest in South Korea—entered UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register in 2011. UNESCO’s inclusion provided international recognition for the Uprising after censorship under the Chun Doo-hwan regime; however, the narrative clarity presented through photographs, documents, and testimony in the museum now defines and limits memorialization. By contrast, Ch’oe Yun’s 1988 novella There a Petal Silently Falls imagines what lies beyond archives. With its silent protagonist and fragmented, sometimes illegible prose, Petal interrogates the coherence of memory when stripped of testimony. Reading Petal and the Archives as distinct memory sites, this article questions how memory projects privilege evidentiary archives, which might perpetuate the very patterns of violence such projects seek to uncover. As human rights ideologies become increasingly predominant, Ch’oe’s novella reasserts not only that the agony of memory can exceed the intelligibility of the archive, but that it must.
The Need for Data Standards and Implementation Policies to Integrate Insulin Delivery Data Into the Electronic Health Record
Authors: Espinoza Juan C. , Yeung Andrea M. , Huang Jingtong , Seley Jane Jeffrie , Longo Rebecca , Klonoff David C.
Published: May 2023

Integration of insulin dosing data into the electronic health record (EHR), combined with other patient-generated health care data, would facilitate the use of wirelessly connected insulin delivery systems, including smart insulin pens, insulin pumps, and advanced hybrid closed-loop systems. In 2022, Diabetes Technology Society developed the Integration of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data into the EHR (iCoDE) Project, which is the first consensus standard for integrating data from a wearable device into the EHR. The iCoDE Standard is a comprehensive guide for any health care delivery organization or hospital for automatically integrating continuous glucose monitoring data into the EHR. Diabetes Technology Society is following iCoDE with the Integration of Connected Diabetes Device Data into the EHR (iCoDE-2) Project, to similarly provide guidance for integrating insulin delivery data into the EHR alongside continuous glucose monitoring data.
Prediction of Non-Home Discharge Following Total Hip Arthroplasty in Geriatric Patients
Authors: Yeramosu Teja , Wait Jacob , Kates Stephen L. , Golladay Gregory J. , Patel Nirav K. , Satpathy Jibanananda
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The majority of total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients are discharged home postoperatively, however, many still require continued medical care. We aimed to identify important characteristics that predict nonhome discharge in geriatric patients undergoing THA using machine learning. We hypothesize that our analyses will identify variables associated with decreased functional status and overall health to be predictive of non-home discharge.

Materials and Methods

Elective, unilateral, THA patients above 65 years of age were isolated in the NSQIP database from 2018-2020. Demographic, pre-operative, and intraoperative variables were analyzed. After splitting the data into training (75%) and validation (25%) data sets, various machine learning models were used to predict non-home discharge. The model with the best area under the curve (AUC) was further assessed to identify the most important variables.

Results

In total, 19,840 geriatric patients undergoing THA were included in the final analyses, of which 5194 (26.2%) were discharged to a non-home setting. The RF model performed the best and identified age above 78 years (OR: 1.08 [1.07, 1.09], P < .0001), as the most important variable when predicting non-home discharge in geriatric patients with THA, followed by severe American Society of Anesthesiologists grade (OR: 1.94 [1.80, 2.10], P < .0001), operation time (OR: 1.01 [1.00, 1.02], P < .0001), anemia (OR: 2.20 [1.87, 2.58], P < .0001), and general anesthesia (OR: 1.64 [1.52, 1.79], P < .0001). Each of these variables was also significant in MLR analysis. The RF model displayed good discrimination with AUC = .831.

Discussion

The RF model revealed clinically important variables for assessing discharge disposition in geriatric patients undergoing THA, with the five most important factors being older age, severe ASA grade, longer operation time, anemia, and general anesthesia.

Conclusions

With the rising emphasis on patient-centered care, incorporating models such as these may allow for preoperative risk factor mitigation and reductions in healthcare expenditure.
Searching for or reviewing evidence improves crowdworkers’ misinformation judgments and reduces partisan bias
Authors: Resnick Paul , Alfayez Aljohara , Im Jane , Gilbert Eric
Published: May 2023

Can crowd workers be trusted to judge whether news-like articles circulating on the Internet are misleading, or does partisanship and inexperience get in the way? And can the task be structured in a way that reduces partisanship? We assembled pools of both liberal and conservative crowd raters and tested three ways of asking them to make judgments about 374 articles. In a no research condition, they were just asked to view the article and then render a judgment. In an individual research condition, they were also asked to search for corroborating evidence and provide a link to the best evidence they found. In a collective research condition, they were not asked to search, but instead to review links collected from workers in the individual research condition. Both research conditions reduced partisan disagreement in judgments. The individual research condition was most effective at producing alignment with journalists’ assessments. In this condition, the judgments of a panel of sixteen or more crowd workers were better than that of a panel of three expert journalists, as measured by alignment with a held out journalist’s ratings.
Comparison of the perfusion index as an index of noxious stimulation in monitored anesthesia care of propofol/remifentanil and propofol/dexmedetomidine: a prospective, randomized, case-control, observational study
Authors: Kim Doyeon , Lee Changjin , Bae HanWool , Kim Jeayoun , Oh Eun Jung , Jeong Ji Seon
Published: May 2023

Background

Dexmedetomidine, one of the sedatives, has an analgesic effect. We aimed to investigate postoperative analgesia with dexmedetomidine as adjuvants for procedural sedation using perfusion index (PI).

Methods

In this prospective, randomized, case-control, observational study, 72 adult patients, 19–70 years, who were scheduled for chemoport insertion under monitored anesthesia care were performed. According to the group assignment, remifentanil or dexmedetomidine was simultaneously infused with propofol. The primary outcome was PI 30 min after admission to the post anesthesia care unit (PACU). And, pain severity using numerical rating scale (NRS) score and the relationship between NRS score and PI were investigated.

Results

During PACU staying, PI values were significantly different between the two groups PI values at 30 min after admission to the PACU were 1.3 (0.9–2.0) in the remifentanil group and 4.5 (2.9–6.8) in the dexmedetomidine group (median difference, 3; 95% CI, 2.1 to 4.2; P < 0.001). The NRS scores at 30 min after admission to the PACU were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group (P = 0.002). However, there was a weak positive correlation between NRS score and PI in the PACU (correlation coefficient, 0.188; P = 0.01).

Conclusion

We could not find a significant correlation between PI and NRS score for postoperative pain control. Using PI as a single indicator of pain is insufficient.

Trial registration

Clinical Trial Registry of Korea, https://cris.nih.go.kr: KCT0003501, the date of registration: 13/02/2019.