bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodology and methods: the difference between tools and interpretive frameworks and what this means in practice
Authors: Brænder Morten
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this article is two-fold. First, it introduces the distinction between methods and methodology. Second, it briefly describes the three methodologies prevailing within the social sciences: the variance-oriented, the process-oriented and the meaning-oriented methodology. These are illustrated with a recurring example. Methods are tools. They may be qualitative or quantitative. Methodologies are interpretive frameworks, best understood as languages. As you cannot expect to be understood in another language if you translate word by word, you cannot transfer the underlying logic from one methodology to another. Notably, this does not imply that translations are impossible, but that it is extremely difficult to translate without recognizing linguistic or – as in this case – methodological differences.
The Role of Natural Capital in Surviving Periods of Crisis: A Case Study of the Nglanggeran Village Community
Authors:   Development Studies of Interdisciplinary Faculty, Satya Wacana Christian University Jl. Diponegoro No. 52-60, Salatiga, Indonesia 50711, Satiani L N , Prabawa T S , Lasso A
Published: November 2022

The sustainability of tourism-based livelihoods can be threatened when a crisis occurs. Thus, people’s resilience during crisis is a significant factor for people to maintain livelihoods as it is a contributing mechanism for people to escape from crisis. This research examines how the Nglanggeran community sustains their livelihoods by utilizing their natural resources as a strategy to survive Covid-19 pandemic between 2020 to 2021. This study uses an ethnographic approach. The data collection process was carried out through participant observation and in-depth interviews with 14 former migrant workers and who now live in Nglanggeran village. The focus of the analysis in this study is the strategy of the Nglanggeran community in maintaining their livelihoods by utilizing their land. The analysis process uses thematic analysis. People who own paddy fields are more likely to survive than those who plant trees for timber on their land. What the Nglanggeran community does is important in maintaining their resilience and as a survival strategy for the local community. Tourism activities do not have to displace traditional livelihood activities on local people's land, rather land use can be optimized to support sustainable livelihoods. While they can optimalise land use, this does not increase their quality of life. They have survived but their livelihoods remain vulnerable.
Nuevas formas de trabajo: nuevos retos para trabajadores y empresas
Authors: Rincon-Roldan Francisco , Rivera-Prieto Juan Carlos , Pasamar Susana
Published: November 2022

Este trabajo ofrece una descripción de las nuevas formas de trabajo, haciendo hincapié en las ventajas y desventajas que implican tanto para empleados como empleadores. Desde la perspectiva de los recursos humanos, la aparición de estos nuevos modelos de trabajo y su convivencia con formas más tradicionales de empleo plantean retos para los que la gestión más tradicional de funciones clásicas, como serían la planificación, la evaluación del rendimiento, o la gestión de las carreras profesionales, pueden no ser suficientes. Siendo evidentes las ventajas que aportan estas nuevas formas de trabajo, e inevitable su expansión, solo queda minimizar algunos riesgos implícitos tanto para empleador como para los empleados.
Resultados de dos intervenciones para mejorar la colaboración en equipos virtuales a través del feedback y la gestión emocional
Authors: Peñarroja Cabañero Vicente
Published: November 2022

Este artículo presenta una síntesis de los resultados obtenidos en la investigación realizada por el propio autor del artículo y sus colegas del IDOCAL en la Universidad de Valencia y el Departamento de Psicología Social en la Universidad de Sevilla sobre dos intervenciones diseñadas para mejorar la colaboración cuando se trabaja en equipo virtual. Una de las intervenciones se basa en proporcionar feedback, mientras que la otra consiste en una formación en gestión emocional. Estas intervenciones se han puesto a prueba a partir de estudios experimentales con un grupo que recibe feedback o formación en gestión emocional, según el caso, y un grupo de control. Los resultados confirman que los equipos virtuales que reciben feedback sobre sus procesos y resultados mejoran su percepción de aprendizaje grupal y reducen la holgazanería social en el equipo. Esto último, además, mejora los resultados afectivos del equipo. Por otra parte, la formación en gestión emocional mejora la resiliencia de los equipos virtuales y reduce el conflicto relacional. También hay una mejora del engagement grupal en los equipos que reciben formación en gestión emocional. El artículo concluye con una serie de recomendaciones para mejorar la colaboración en equipo virtual que se basan en los resultados de la investigación realizada.
Individuālā uzņēmējdarbības orientācija un biznesa izglītības attīstība
Authors: Ņikitina Tatjana
Published: November 2022

Augstākās izglītības iestādes attīsta studentu zināšanas un prasmes, tādējādi veidojot kompetences, un attīsta viņu potenciālu un ilgtspējīgu nodarbinātību. Promocijas darbs veltīts problēmai, vai kompetences, kas tiek attīstītas biznesa izglītības iestādēs, atbilst visu iesaistīto pušu, tai skaitā, darba tirgus un studentu vajadzībām un interesēm. Ir izveidots individuālās uzņēmējdarbības orientācijas indekss un izstrādāta biznesa izglītības īstenošanas novērtēšanas metodoloģija. Tā ir aprobēta metodoloģija, kas palīdz novērtēt, vai biznesa izglītības iestādes darbības rezultāti atbilst iesaistīto pušu prasībām.
Theoretical support of modern issues related to laser techniques, applications of coherent radiation and modern technologies
Authors: Srećković Milesa , Pelemiš Svetlana , Ostojć Stanko , Jevtić Sanja , Pantelić Slađana , Đurić Miloš , Kaluđerović Branka , Latinović Zoran , Ratković Kovačević Nada
Published: November 2022

Modern problems of the Earth’s population are increasing in the areas related to the basic concepts of survival of living beings, but also with opposite views, if parallels are made between energy and ecology. Many new technologies are searching for their way towards development and must be viewed from several points of view. In this paper, the issue is addressed through modern laser techniques in terms of obtaining energy for various purposes concerning selected roles in medicine, as well as the impact on flora, fauna and as a support to other technologies both classical and modern. Contemporary attributes of lasers and other quantum generators in terms of coherence, power and intensity densities have significantly increased, although some predictions from the time of the first quantum generator masers, like gammarasers (and X raser) are still relatively far from commercial concepts. Some of the possible contemporary implementations of quantum generators in measurements control and processing schemes, along with other possible applications of various laser types, have been estimated. The paper focuses on the characterization of today’s problems with Covid-19 virus, only from the engineering point of view. The lexical side of the issue is also included, as well as the social management needs with the application of modern technologies, including help from natural sciences.
Statistical Model of Temperature Anomalies Using a New Instability Index
Authors: Chervenkov Hristo , Spiridonov Valery
Published: November 2022

A statistical model (relationship) between a new circulation instability index and the registered temperature anomalies in two regions of Europe has been proposed and tested. The average values of this index, calculated at levels of 850 hPa and 500 hPa, were used as predictors in the modelling of temperature anomalies by months for the period 2011–2020. The average monthly values of temperature and geopotential during this period were utilized to calculate the index and anomalies in these regions. For each of them, the following statistical characteristics were calculated: correlation, root mean square error, and the coefficient of determination (R-squared). They evaluate the performance of the statistical model. The obtained results demonstrate the principal applicability of the instability index in a similar way as the well established circulation estimator North Atlantic Oscillation.
North Atlantic Oscillation and Variations of Geomagnetic Field
Authors: Kilifarska Natalya , Mokreva Antonia , Velichkova Tsvetelina
Published: November 2022

The North Atlantic Oscillation is one of the most influential climatic modes in the Northern Hemisphere. However, the mechanism(s) standing behind its wide spectra of variations is still unknown despite its numerous investigations. This paper presents evidence for a synchronization between secular variations of geomagnetic field intensity and NAO long-term variability. Analysis of the connectivity between geomagnetic secular variations and the sea-level pressure – point by point, in a grid with resolution 10 [deg] in latitude and longitude – reveals that the strength of their relation is unevenly distributed over the Northern Hemisphere. Based on the machine learning analysis over the period 1900–2019, we found that there are two centres of significant geomagnetic-pressure relations – the weaker of them is placed slightly north of Iceland, and the stronger one is in a close proximity to Azores islands. The suggested mechanism for geomagnetic influence on the near surface climatic conditions includes the geomagnetic modulation of energetic particles precipitating in Earth's atmosphere, and their impact on the lower stratospheric ozone. The analysis of ozone-pressure relation shows, in addition, reasonable similarities with the spatial patterns of geomagnetic-pressure relations.
Accident Severity Estimation from Environmental Factors with the Proposed Dataset Separation Method
Authors: Karadağ Kerim , Çetin Mehmet
Published: November 2022

Traffic accidents can be thought of as being the whole combination of events that usually occur due to reasons caused by humans, vehicles, roadway, and environment, which are the basic elements of transportation, and these events most likely result in injuries, death, and huge financial damage. In this study, by making use of a dataset, received from the New Zealand Transportation Agency, it is estimated whether or not traffic accidents occurring on roads end up with minor or serious damage. Predictions are made by exploiting machine learning algorithms. A new method has been proposed for separating the dataset and the classification success results made in this way gave the most successful scores by 89%. Based on the high performance rates, it is shown that such methods can be used to assist in preventing possible traffic accidents
An ER phospholipid hydrolase drives ER-associated mitochondrial constriction for fission and fusion
Authors: Nguyen Tricia T , Voeltz Gia K
Published: November 2022

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo cycles of fission and fusion at a unified platform defined by endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria membrane contact sites (MCSs). These MCSs or nodes co-localize fission and fusion machinery. We set out to identify how ER-associated mitochondrial nodes can regulate both fission and fusion machinery assembly. We have used a promiscuous biotin ligase linked to the fusion machinery, Mfn1, and proteomics to identify an ER membrane protein, ABHD16A, as a major regulator of node formation. In the absence of ABHD16A, fission and fusion machineries fail to recruit to ER-associated mitochondrial nodes, and fission and fusion rates are significantly reduced. ABHD16A contains an acyltransferase motif and an α/β hydrolase domain, and point mutations in critical residues of these regions fail to rescue the formation of ER-associated mitochondrial hot spots. These data suggest a mechanism whereby ABHD16A functions by altering phospholipid composition at ER-mitochondria MCSs. Our data present the first example of an ER membrane protein that regulates the recruitment of both fission and fusion machineries to mitochondria.
Análise do financiamento do BNDES no setor agropecuário brasileiro para o período de 2012 a 2015
Authors: Santos Fransuellen Paulino , Braga Luiza Amara Maciel , Mohamed Abdoulaye Aboubacari
Published: November 2022

O presente trabalho busca analisar como foi o comportamento da produtividade total dos fatores (PTF) de algumas empresas do setor agropecuário brasileiro que receberam crédito do BNDES, entre 2012 e 2015. Pretende-se, então, apurar se as empresas que receberam mais crédito são aquelas com o melhor desempenho produtivo para o setor agropecuário. Para isso utilizou-se a técnica Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA), com o cálculo do Índice de Malmquist, a partir de uma amostra de 14 empresas do setor. Constatou-se que, na média, apenas quatro empresas apresentaram variações positivas de produtividade. O valor financiado pelo BNDES, pode ter tido impacto positivo sobre o desempenho das empresas do ponto de vista tecnológico, mas não foi suficiente para melhorar sua eficiência técnica. Além disso, foi possível verificar que as empresas que receberam mais crédito não foram, necessariamente, as que tiveram o melhor desempenho produtivo.
Orçamento participativo: um estudo nos municípios do Norte do Paraná
Authors: Diniz Luciano Matias , Padoan Fatima Aparecida da Cruz , Cividat Mariana
Published: November 2022

O orçamento participativo é uma ferramenta de cooperação popular na destinação do capital junto a administração pública, onde a população participa efetivamente na investigação do dinheiro público e definem como prioridade as áreas com maiores necessidades, essas participações podem melhorar a destinação do capital alheio e proporcionar benefícios para a sociedade como um todo, além de promover uma gestão transparente e eficaz. Portanto, este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar se nos municípios da região metropolitana de Londrina é aplicado o orçamento participativo.Os achados desta pesquisa apontam que os municípios base deste estudo não possuem o orçamento participativo implementados em sua gestão.
Assessing Structural Performance of Ceramic Waste as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate on Properties of Concrete
Authors: Biney Evans , Akortia Vincent K. , Kankam Charles K. , Junior John K. Quarm , Adzakey Peter
Published: November 2022

The need to reduce the increasing demand for crushed granite as coarse aggregate as well as the need to safeguard the environment from degradation has given rise to various researches on alternative materials that can serve the same purpose while minimizing environment hazard. This study assessed the suitability of waste ceramic tiles as coarse aggregate in concrete and to ascertain its strength against normal crushed granite. Crushed waste ceramic tiles from ceramic manufacturing industries and construction sites were mixed with crushed granite stones as partial replacement for concrete. A mix ratio of 1: 1.11: 2.72 (cement: sand: stones) for nominal C30 concrete was produced with (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 100) percent volume ceramic waste aggregate replacement for crushed granite at a constant water-cement ratio of 0.5. Concrete cubes of size 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were produced and tested for 7 days and 28 days compressive strength, density and water absorption. The results revealed the viability of waste ceramic tiles as partial replacement for crushed granite in concrete production, but the partial replacement should not exceed 20% as recommended maximum for structural concrete. This mode of recycling ceramic waste could positively sustain the environment.
Scottish heart brooches
Authors: McGill Lyndsay
Published: November 2022

This article presents a study of Scottish heart brooches, primarily from the 18th century, using the collections of the National Museums Scotland, Inverness Museum and Art Gallery, the Highland Folk Museum and those reported to the Treasure Trove Unit. By researching over 350 heart brooches it has been possible to gain a fuller understanding of their purpose and meaning, their various styles and their production centres. A re-evaluation of these objects is important because an understanding of them exists that may not be wholly accurate, such as their connection to Edinburgh through the locked booths in the High Street which has given rise to their more commonly known name, ‘luckenbooth brooches’. However, the reality from the study is that more were produced in northern Scotland, particularly from the mid-18th into the early 19th centuries. There is also a deeply ingrained romantic notion of them, and while this is certainly true in many cases, other meanings exist such as protection, religion and health. Furthermore, by studying a quantity of brooches from the 13th to early19th centuries, it has also been possible see regional variations between Inverness and Aberdeen and how the heart form changed through time.
Regime change in 13th-century western Scotland
Authors: Thacker Mark
Published: November 2022

Previous interpretations of the courtyarded quadrangular structure surviving on the summit at Tarbert Castle, Argyll had suggested this was the earliest upstanding building on the site, and a potent symbol of increased crown authority in the region during the early-13th-century reign of Alexander II. This paper will present a consistent suite of archaeological, architectural and documentary evidence which indicates that this building is a multiphase early-14th-century structure that post-dates the surrounding L-shaped enclosure, as well as documentary evidence suggesting that a later 13th- to 14th-century transition from private to direct royal control of the site took place.

Canmore ID 39316
‘Another wall of turf’
Authors: Romankiewicz Tanja , Russell Ben , Bailey Geoff , Gardner Tom , Snyder James R , Beckett Christopher T S
Published: November 2022

Excavation of a well-preserved stretch of the rampart of the Antonine Wall east of Watling Lodge, at Laurieston, allowed for the first micromorphological study of its earthen building materials. This revealed that the rampart core, as well as the cheeks, were constructed in well layered courses of turf blocks – but sourced from different grasslands. The evidence differs from macroscopic observations made at other sections in this area where the rampart material had been interpreted as representing a loose earth core with clay cheeks. Our results show that even when the characteristic striped sections indicative of turf are not visible in the field, thin-section analysis can confirm the use of intact soil blocks with the remains of grassed surfaces. It now seems possible that the visible variation between materials in the eastern and western sectors of the Antonine Wall may simply be due to different types of turf used, varying in subsoil composition and topsoil formation, and representing differences in landscape management and survival of vegetation. Combined with macroscopic field recording to identify Roman building practices, our analysis of this section at Laurieston also shows the care that was taken to construct a level, well-draining base for the rampart to avoid slumping and moisture build-up. Further excavations and thin-section analysis elsewhere along the Wall are now needed to confirm whether turf was more extensively used than so far anticipated for the eastern sector and whether the Antonine Wall could possibly have been built completely of turf. Such conclusions would suggest a much more standardised construction process and more extensive grassland exploitation than considered up until now. While our results demonstrate the importance of micromorphological analysis for understanding this earthen UNESCO World Heritage site, our interdisciplinary approach may also have wider relevance for research on linear earthworks in different geographical and chronological settings.
Professor Edward J Cowan, FRSE HonFSAScot
Authors: Broun Dauvit
Published: November 2022

Professor Ted Cowan was the epitome of the all-embracing dedication to the Scottish past that the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland represents.
Prelims
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Front matter for Volume 151

Table of Contents

Director's note

List of abbreviations commonly used in the Proceedings

Editorial board for the Proceedings Vol 151

Society's Council from 30 November 2020

Patron and Honorary Fellows of the Society

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
EDs and patient navigators key to starting and continuing buprenorphine
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2025

Emergency department clinicians increased their prescriptions for buprenorphine for opioid use disorder in California from 2017 to 2022, researchers have found. However, only 1 in 9 patients went on to receive continuous buprenorphine prescriptions within 1 year.
Photo‐Oxidation Coupled Ion Intercalation for Sustainable Heavy Metal Removal and Resource Recovery
Authors: Dang Qi , Huang Qingyun , Lin Xian , Zhang Wei , Tang Liang
Published: February 2025

Developing innovative and efficient methods for heavy metal removal and resource recovery is crucial for advancing sustainable environmental remediation and resource management. Herein, a novel photoelectrochemical (PEC) system is presented that couples photo‐oxidation with ion intercalation to achieve Pb(II) immobilization, removal, and recycling. This single‐chamber, membrane‐free PEC process integrates a titanium dioxide photoanode with abundant oxygen vacancies (TiO2‐Ov) and a Prussian Blue analogue (PBA) cathode, enabling enhanced photogenerated charge separation and transfer under solar irradiation. At the photoanode, Pb(II) is oxidized to Pb(IV), forming stable PbO2 deposits, while the PBA cathode simultaneously confines Pb(II) ions through ion intercalation. This coupled pathway capitalizes on Pb(II)’s redox potential, achieving over 90% removal efficiency under mild conditions without secondary pollution. The system also facilitates real‐time detection of lead contamination via a distinct color change at the photoanode, enhancing its practical applicability. Additionally, the recovered Pb(II) is converted into high‐purity PbI2, a valuable material for perovskite solar cells, bridging environmental remediation with resource recovery. This PEC process offers a sustainable and scalable solution for heavy metal management, with significant implications for environmental chemistry, circular economy practices, and industrial sustainability.
Near‐Perfect Standard Ternary Inverter Based on MoTe2 Homojunction Anti‐Ambipolar Transistor
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Huo Shida , Tian Qijia , Meng Fanying , Yang Zheyu , Ma Yuexuan , Wang Yue , Xie Yuan , Hu Xiaodong , Gao Wenchao , Wu Enxiu , Pan Caofeng
Published: February 2025

Ternary inverters offer a promising solution to enhance information processing density and efficiency while reducing system complexity, addressing energy density limitations in complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor technology in the post‐Moore era. Among these, the standard ternary inverter (STI) is particularly appealing due to its symmetry and reliability in ternary logic operations, though its fabrication remains challenging. Here, a controllable and process‐compatible doping technique is reported that combines rapid thermal annealing with h‐BN‐assisted ultraviolet photoinduced doping to achieve area‐selective p‐type and n‐type doping on a single MoTe2 flake. This approach enables the fabrication of high‐performance anti‐ambipolar transistors (AATs) and unipolar p‐type field‐effect transistors (FETs) based on MoTe2 homojunctions. By achieving near‐perfect conductance matching between connected AATs and p‐type FETs, an STI with a highly uniform staircase transfer characteristic and an intermediate state width of precisely one‐third of the input voltage range is demonstrated. The AATs also exhibit a peak‐to‐valley ratio exceeding 103, rapid transconductance reversal, and tunable peak positions, enabling the development of high‐performance frequency doublers without additional voltage bias. This study presents a novel doping strategy for efficient STI and multifunctional device fabrication, advancing the development of next‐generation electronic technologies.
Solution‐Processing Electrophosphorescence with High‐Efficiency and Low‐Efficiency Roll‐Off from Iridium(III) Complex Containing Multiple Resonance Core
Authors: Feng Yu , Zhuang Xuming , Qu Yupei , Liu Yu , Xu Yincai , Wang Yue
Published: February 2025

Solution‐processing phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (s‐PhOLEDs) based on heavy metal complexes deliver simpler fabrication processes, lower production costs, and higher material utilization rates than thermal‐evaporation phosphorescent OLEDs (t‐PhOLEDs), making them a strong competitor in large‐sized panel manufacturing. However, s‐PhOLEDs face two significant challenges: low electroluminescence efficiency and large efficiency roll‐off at high luminance. Herein, the design and synthesis of an orbitally symmetric octahedral metallophosphor iridium(III) complex (BNPPy)2‐Ir‐acac containing dual B,N‐embedded multiple resonance emitters are reported. By blending emitter (BNPPy)2‐Ir‐acac in a p‐n type premixed host, the doped film fabricated by spin coating has a photoluminescence quantum yield of 91% and a horizontal emitting dipole orientation ratio of 73%. The emitter (BNPPy)2‐Ir‐acac‐based s‐PhOLED exhibits yellow emission with a peak of 552 nm. The external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) are 27.8% and 32.9% at 100 and 1000 cd m−2, respectively; the EQE reaches a maximum of 33.2% at 2118 cd m−2; and the EQEs remain 28.5% and 24.9% at 5000 and 10 000 cd m−2, respectively.
Deep Learning–Powered Robust Tactile Perception: Bridging Graphene Electronic Skin and Dynamic Decoding
Authors: Heo Gyeonghwa , Yoon Jusouk , Jeong Jeonghwa , Kwon Young Woo , Hong Suck Won
Published: February 2025

Decoding algorithm–based approaches emerge as transformative technologies for artificial sensory systems, transcending traditional methods and enabling robust and versatile applications. Herein, the development of an electronic skin (e‐skin) that integrates multifunctional tactile sensing capabilities, including dynamic pressure sensing and continuous sliding touch detection, along with human–robot interface is reported. To address the limitations of early works on multifunctionality in strain sensors based on resistive values, the innovative scheme harnesses the synergy of facile e‐skin fabrication and advanced decoding algorithms, creating a robust stimuli‐responsive platform. At the core of the system lies a straightforward integration of e‐skin, achieved by generating laser‐induced graphene on a liquid‐crystal polymer film, followed by embedding the transfer‐printed conductive graphene layer into an elastomeric substrate. This streamlined methodology optimizes existing sensor arrays without the need for intricate material combinations or interconnections, avoiding susceptibility to damage. The advanced decoding algorithms bypass geometric engineering and complex numerical calculations within the deep learning hyper‐redundant system. In the experimental results, it is demonstrated that the e‐skin system successfully achieves a Braille‐readable e‐skin and a surgery‐enabled human–robot interface, highlighting the scalability and adaptability of the e‐skin in coordination with decoding algorithm systems.
High‐Entropy Halides for Intercalation Battery Electrode Materials
Authors: Schumacher Sebastian , Alekseev Evgeny V. , Yu Shicheng , Tempel Hermann , Eichel Rüdiger‐A.
Published: February 2025

The potential use of high‐entropy materials in batteries has recently attracted considerable interest. Compared to traditional materials, high‐entropy materials exhibit a high defect density and degree of internal entropy, resulting in enhanced ion storage capabilities, ionic conductivity, and electrochemical stability. High‐entropy oxides represent a more extensively investigated material for various electrochemical applications, particularly for potential use as a cathode or electrolyte in battery applications. These multicomponent systems are distinguished by their structural complexity and exhibit enhanced cycling stability, exceeding the performance of traditional oxide materials. The exploration of high‐entropy halides as electrode materials is less extensive than that of their traditional counterparts, despite the latter being the subject of considerable research. This work offers a concise overview of how high‐entropy materials can be applied to halide phases, focusing on the transition from high‐entropy oxides to high‐entropy halides.
Biology, Nesting Behavior, Genetic Diversity, and Conservation of Leatherback Sea Turtles: Insights From Thailand and Global Perspectives
Authors: Piboon Promporn , Brown Janine , Kaewmong Patcharaporn , Kittiwattanawong Kongkiat , Nganvongpanit Korakot
Published: February 2025

Sea turtles are large reptiles that inhabit the world's oceans and include seven extant species within two families: Cheloniidae and Dermochelyidae. These species are threatened globally, with several subpopulations listed as Endangered or Critically Endangered by the IUCN. Thailand hosts five sea turtle species, including leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea ), which are significant for their nesting sites along the Andaman Sea coast. Conservation efforts in Thailand include beach patrols, hatcheries, and community education to mitigate threats such as poaching and habitat destruction. Leatherback turtles, classified as “Vulnerable” by the IUCN and listed in CITES Appendix , face challenges in estimating global population size due to their highly migratory nature. They are the largest sea turtles, with distinct physical characteristics such as leathery skin, lack of scales, a hard shell, and backward‐pointing spines in the throat that aid the passage of food. Leatherbacks reach sexual maturity at around 13–14 years of age and exhibit natal homing behavior for nesting. These turtles have low hatching rates; only 50% of eggs hatch, and just 2% of those hatchlings survive. Population genetic studies of leatherback turtles have been key to better understanding threats to survival, revealing low global mtDNA haplotype diversity, with notable recent radiation originating from the Indo‐Pacific region. Despite this low diversity, there is significant population structuring, which hints at hidden nesting populations and foraging grounds that may contribute to genetic variability. For that reason, relocating nests to favorable locations is one possible conservation measure. Other strategies must address habitat loss, pollution, bycatch, and climate change in protection efforts for this species, as well as ensuring global population connectivity to maintain the genetic diversity of these highly migratory turtles.
Malnutrition and outcomes in patients with tricuspid regurgitation undergoing transcatheter tricuspid valve repair
Authors: Pagnesi Matteo , Adamo Marianna , Stolz Lukas , Pancaldi Edoardo , Kresoja Karl‐Patrik , von Stein Jennifer , Fortmeier Vera , Koell Benedikt , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Kassar Mohammad , Goebel Bjoern , Denti Paolo , Achouh Paul , Rassaf Tienush , Barreiro‐Perez Manuel , Boekstegers Peter , Rück Andreas , Zdanyte Monika , Vincent Flavien , Schlegel Philipp , von Bardeleben Ralph‐Stephan , Wild Mirjam G. , Besler Christian , Brunner Stephanie , Toggweiler Stefan , Grapsa Julia , Patterson Tiffany , Thiele Holger , Kister Tobias , Tarantini Giuseppe , Masiero Giulia , De Carlo Marco , Sticchi Alessandro , Konstandin Mathias H. , Van Belle Eric , Geisler Tobias , Estévez‐Loureiro Rodrigo , Luedike Peter , Karam Nicole , Maisano Francesco , Lauten Philipp , Praz Fabien , Kessler Mirjam , Kalbacher Daniel , Rudolph Volker , Iliadis Christos , Lurz Philipp , Hausleiter Jörg , Metra Marco ,   on behalf of the EuroTR Investigators
Published: February 2025

Aims

The impact of malnutrition in patients with tricuspid regurgitation (TR) undergoing tricuspid transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (T‐TEER) is not well established. We evaluated the impact of malnutrition among patients with symptomatic TR undergoing T‐TEER.

Methods and results

Baseline nutritional status was evaluated using the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), based on serum albumin concentrations and body weight to ideal body weight ratio, among patients with symptomatic TR undergoing T‐TEER, enrolled in the multicentre EuroTR registry between March 2016 and February 2024. Malnutrition was defined as GNRI ≤98. The primary outcome of interest was all‐cause mortality. A total of 1034 patients were included (mean age 78.4 ± 7.3 years, 47.7% male). Among them, GNRI ≤98 (i.e. malnutrition) was observed in 211 patients (20.4%). Estimated rates of all‐cause death at 2 years were 45.9% and 28.2% in patients with and without malnutrition, respectively (log‐rank p < 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, malnutrition was independently associated with an increased risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 1.53, 95% confidence interval 1.11–2.10, p = 0.009), also confirmed at inverse probability of treatment weighting‐adjusted analysis. As compared to post‐procedural residual TR ≥3+, residual TR ≤2+ was associated with a similar lower risk of mortality in patients with and without malnutrition (interaction p = 0.947).

Conclusion

In the large, real‐world, multicentre EuroTR registry, malnutrition was present in one out of five patients with symptomatic TR undergoing T‐TEER and was independently associated with increased mortality. The prognostic benefit of successful T‐TEER in reducing mortality was consistently observed in patients with and without malnutrition.
Low blood pressure and the effect of empagliflozin in acute heart failure: An EMPULSE analysis
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro , Vasques‐Nóvoa Francisco , Angermann Christiane E. , Biegus Jan , Collins Sean P. , Kosiborod Mikhail , Nassif Michael E. , Psotka Mitchell A. , Tromp Jasper , Mentz Robert J. , Ponikowski Piotr , Teerlink John R. , Voors Adriaan A.
Published: February 2025

Aims

Empagliflozin improves outcomes in acute heart failure (AHF). Patients with AHF and low blood pressure (BP) have poor prognosis. Whether empagliflozin is effective and safe in patients with AHF and low BP is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin (vs. placebo) in patients with low BP – either systolic BP (SBP) <110 mmHg or diastolic BP (DBP) <70 mmHg – at randomization.

Methods and results

EMPULSE included 530 patients with AHF followed for 90 days. The primary outcome was a hierarchical composite of all‐cause mortality, HF events, and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire total symptom score changes at 90 days tested using the win ratio (WR). Patients were required to have SBP ≥100 mmHg for randomization. A total of 131 (25%) patients had SBP <110 mmHg and 190 (36%) DBP <70 mmHg. In placebo, low BP was associated with more clinical and adverse events. Compared to placebo, BP changes with empagliflozin were of small magnitude (−2 to 2 mmHg), not reaching statistical significance. Patients presenting with low BP increased their BP, on average, throughout the 90‐day follow‐up, regardless of treatment group. Empagliflozin (vs. placebo) improved clinical outcomes regardless of BP at randomization, potentially with a larger magnitude of effect in patients presenting with low DBP at randomization: primary outcome WR = 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–1.90, p = 0.0025; WR = 1.23, 95% CI 0.94–1.60 in DBP ≥70 mmHg and WR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.46–3.04 in DBP < 70 mmHg (interaction p = 0.02).

Conclusions

Patients admitted for AHF with low BP had a higher risk of clinical events. Empagliflozin did not lower BP more than placebo and was effective and safe irrespective of BP. Empagliflozin should be considered for the treatment of AHF patients even when presenting with low BP.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles Based on Hydrazine‐Directed C−H Bond Activation/Annulation Reactions
Authors: Li He , Chen Tao , Wu Baoheng , Jin Xinxin , Liu Jinglin , Bao Ming
Published: February 2025

Nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic compounds are the core skeletons of many natural products, bioactive molecules and drugs, and the transition metal‐catalyzed hydrazine‐directed C−H bond activation/annulation reactions is one of the effective methods for the synthesis of nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic compounds. In this review, the important research progress of transition metal‐catalyzed hydrazine‐directed C−H bond activation reactions for the synthesis of nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic compounds is reviewed according to the size of the constructed nitrogen‐containing heterocycles, and the substrate scope and reaction mechanism are discussed in detail, and the limitations and future development prospects are summarized and outlooked.
NHC‐Organocatalyzed Multicomponent Fluorination and Fluoroalkylation for Access to Fluorine‐Containing Compounds
Authors: Lv Jie , Yuan Ziliang , Yang Xinyan , Qiu Xuning , Yang Yimeng , Ren Yanrong
Published: February 2025

Fluorine‐containing compounds have garnered significant attention in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. The development of efficient methods for constructing fluorinated structures has become a critical topic in organic synthesis. Additionally, N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐organocatalyzed multicomponent fluorination and fluoroalkylation have emerged as a powerful strategy for accessing diverse fluorinated compounds. The minireview summarizes the construction of fluorine‐containing compounds via NHC‐organocatalyzed multicomponent reactions over the past 15 years. Key reaction types include: i) NHC‐catalyzed electrophilic fluorination and trifluoromethylation; and ii) NHC‐catalyzed radical fluoroalkylation and cooperative NHC / transition metal catalyzed radical fluoroalkylation. Perspectives and insights into recent advancements in the research field are also provided at the end of the review.
Generalized Ordinal Regression Models for Seismic Fragility Analysis
Authors: Chen Libo
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the application of ordinal regression models in seismic fragility curve modeling, providing a flexible alternative to the traditional log‐normal distribution function. A comparative analysis is conducted among various ordinal regression approaches, including the traditional Cumulative model as well as alternative methods like Sequential and Adjacent Category models, along with extensions that account for category‐specific effects and heteroscedasticity. These models are applied to bridge damage data from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, using both frequentist and Bayesian inference methods. Model diagnostics, including surrogate residuals, are performed to assess model fit and performance. A total of eleven models are examined, from basic forms to those incorporating category‐specific effects and variance heterogeneity. The Sequential model with category‐specific effects, rigorously evaluated using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation, outperforms the traditional Cumulative probit model. The findings highlight significant differences in the predicted damage probabilities, emphasizing the potential of more flexible fragility curve modeling techniques to improve seismic risk assessments. This study underscores the importance of ongoing evaluation and refinement of modeling techniques to enhance the predictive accuracy and applicability of seismic fragility models in performance‐based earthquake engineering.
Big Talks for Little People: A Pilot Study of a Classroom Based Mental Health Program
Authors: Slee Phillip , Pill Shane , Agnew Deborah
Published: February 2025

Background

Schools are important settings for the promotion, implementation and education of mental health and well‐being. The present study piloted and evaluated a classroom based mental health and well‐being programme for use in primary schools.

Methods

A mixed‐method quasi‐hybrid design methodology was utilised. An online survey was completed by students from five schools pretest (n = 173) and three schools matched post‐test (n = 68) with semi‐structured interviews with teachers (n = 4) and a focus group of students (n = 18) conducted at the completion of the programme. Student questionnaire data was gathered including the use of three standardised and internationally used measures of well‐being.

Results

Students at post‐test self‐reported significant improvements in positive emotional state (p < 0.05, moderate effect size), recognising (p < 0.001, large effect size) and expressing emotions (p < 0.001, moderate effect size) and reductions in anxiety (p < 0.001, moderate effect size).

Conclusions

The findings suggest the programme was effective in relation to promoting aspects of student well‐being, emotional development and in reducing elements of anxiety. Shortcomings in the design including a lack of a control group must lead to caution in interpreting the outcomes.

So What

Further research with a larger student population which addresses the identified shortcomings of the present pilot study appears warranted.
Anatomical Distribution of Polyps Is Different for Men and Women With Positive Stool Tests
Authors: Anderson Joseph C. , Hisey William M. , Robinson Christina M. , Limburg Paul J. , Kneedler Bonny L. , Butterly Lynn F.
Published: February 2025

Background and Aim

Our goal was to inform endoscopist practice by exploring how the odds of advanced neoplasia in the right and left colon differ between men and women with and without prior positive stool tests.

Methods

Our primary outcome was advanced lesions (advanced adenomas, advanced serrated polyps, and/or colorectal cancer) found during colonoscopy. We used logistic regression to compare adjusted outcome odds by colon location (left or right), patient sex, and screening cohort.

Results

Stool‐test+ patients had higher odds for advanced lesions than colonoscopy‐only patients throughout the colon, regardless of sex. While colonoscopy‐only men had significantly higher odds of advanced lesions in the right vs. left colon (OR: 1.87 [1.75–1.99]), the odds of advanced lesions in mt‐sDNA+ and FIT+ men did not differ significantly by colon location. As a result, compared to colonoscopy‐only men, the increase in advanced lesion odds in stool‐test+ men is significantly lower in the right vs. left colon (mt‐sDNA+: OR: 0.63 [0.44–0.90]; FIT+; OR: 0.50 [0.30–0.83]). In stool‐test+ women there was no significant difference in the degree of increase in advanced lesion odds in the right vs. left colon.

Conclusions

Positive stool tests are associated with increased left‐ and right‐sided advanced polyp yield in men and women at colonoscopy. However, stool‐test‐positive men had a significantly higher increase of advanced lesions in the left colon, whereas we found no such differences in women.
Ruditapes philippinarum Polysaccharide Alleviates Hyperglycemia by Modulating Gut Microbiota in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Ge Xiaodong , Wang Yaolin , Zhang Jiawei , Sui Yinzi , Yin Xuemei , Wu Na , Yang Lei , Xu Jianda , Zhou Hongcheng , Wu Qin , Zeng Feng , Liu Liang , Shao Rong , Xu Wei
Published: February 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a widespread chronic metabolic disorder, presents a global challenge. Metformin hydrochloride, although widely prescribed, is associated with notable side effects. This study aims to explore safer, more effective alternatives by assessing the impact of Ruditapes philippinarum polysaccharides (RPPs) on glycemic control and modulation of microbiota in T2DM mice. A T2DM mouse model was established through a high‐sucrose/high‐fat diet and intraperitioneal streptozotocin injection. Glycometabolism indicators, histopathological features, and gut microbiota composition in caecum samples were assessed. Following 4 weeks of RPPs intervention, fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated serum protein (GSP), area under the curve (AUC) of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c) levels were reduced in T2DM mice, while AKT‐1 and GLUT‐2 transcription levels were significant increased. Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations notably increased in the RPP‐L group compared to the Model group, with improvements also observed in medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and secondary bile acids (SBAs). Regarding gut microbiota, the Firmicutes‐to‐Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio in RPP‐L was substantially lower than in the Model group. At the genus level, beneficial bacteria, such as Akkermansia, Alloprevotella, Tidjanibacter, and Faecalibaculum demonstrated increased abundance. Correlation analysis identified Muribaculum, Paramuribaculum, Lacrimispora, and Turicibacter as microbial taxa associated with T2DM progression. RPPs significantly alleviated hyperglycemic symptoms in T2DM mice while enhancing the presence of beneficial gut bacteria, leading to a marked improvement in intestinal microbiota composition. This research offers foundational insights for the potential use of R. philippinarum in biomedical and nutraceutical applications.
Comprehensive Quality Evaluation and Botanical Differentiation of Typhae Pollen Using UHPLC‐DAD/Q‐TOF‐MS and Multivariate Chemometric Analysis
Authors: Tian Fang , Zhang Ying , Chen Lixia , Wu Jieyi , Cao Hui , Wu Menghua , Ma Zhiguo
Published: February 2025

Introduction

In China, Typhae Pollen (TP) has been extensively utilized as a medicinal product, which is the dried pollen from the male inflorescences of Typha angustifolia L. (TA), Typha orientalis Presl (TO), or species within the same genus. However, existing methods for differentiating the botanical origin and controlling the quality of TP are confusing, unreliable, and unsystematic.

Objectives

This study aims to elucidate the microstructural similarities and differences between pollen grains of the two species and to develop a comprehensive method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of multiple flavonoids and phenolic acids in TP.

Methodology

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the dried pollen grains. A comprehensive analytical approach was developed using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze 17 flavonoids and phenolic acids. Discrepancies in constituents were further explored using partial least squares discrimination analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis.

Results

Microscopic examination revealed distinct differences between the pollen grains of the two species, which could be distinguished using SEM. The analytical methods established for these 17 constituents—comprising 13 flavonoids and 4 phenolic acids—proved reliable and accurate. The flavonoid glycosides in TP could be categorized into three distinct groups. In TA, the average contents of constituents 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 were higher than in TO, whereas the reverse was true for constituents 7, 14, 16, and 17. Constituents 9, 10, and 13 were unique to TO. And constituent 14 should be chosen as a more appropriate quality indicator for TO. Chemometric techniques effectively differentiated between TA and TO.

Conclusions

This study contributes to enhancing quality control and facilitating botanical origin identification of TP and provides an experimental foundation for improving its standards.