bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Income Inequality and Subjective Well-Being: Toward an Understanding of the Relationship and Its Mechanisms
Authors: Katic Ivana , Ingram Paul
Published: April 2017

Income inequality is emerging as the socioeconomic topic of our era. Yet there is no clear conclusion as to how income inequality affects the most comprehensive human outcome measure, subjective well-being (SWB). This study provides an explanation for the relationship between income inequality and SWB, by delving into its mechanisms, including egalitarian preferences, perceived fairness, social comparison concerns, as well as perceived social mobility. In a rigorous analysis using a large cross-country dataset, and accounting for the nested structure of the data, as well as controlling for a variety of individual and country characteristics, we find that SWB is higher where income inequality is higher. Importantly, we also find support for this relationship being moderated by perceptions of poverty being caused by unfairness, an individual’s relative socioeconomic standing, as well as beliefs about hard work leading to success. Our study highlights the dire need for further scholarly attention to income inequality and its complex effects on SWB.
Developmental Screening and Referrals: Assessing the Influence of Provider Specialty, Training, and Interagency Communication
Authors: Moore Christopher , Zamora Irina , Patel Gera Mona , Williams Marian E.
Published: April 2017

Previous studies have shown that different provider approaches, amount of familiarity with the referral and screening process, and level of interagency communication can increase or decrease the likelihood of caregivers completing a recommended referral to early intervention (EI). We surveyed 60 family practitioners and pediatricians at 2 primary care clinics to assess these factors. Pediatricians were more likely than family practitioners to report using, evaluating, and discussing the results of developmental screens. Providers with more experience and recent training expressed more confidence in their ability to describe the EI system to families. Most providers expressed a lack of confidence in their own agency to complete referrals or EI to provide follow-up. The knowledge gaps and communication problems identified in this study could serve as a basis for future interventional work.
Pediatric Cheerleading Injuries Treated in Emergency Departments in the United States
Authors: Naiyer Nada , Chounthirath Thiphalak , Smith Gary A.
Published: April 2017

This study investigates the epidemiology of cheerleading injuries to children in the United States. Data were analyzed from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for children 5 through 18 years of age treated in US emergency departments for cheerleading injuries from 1990 through 2012. An estimated 497 095 children ages 5 to 18 years were treated in US emergency departments for a cheerleading injury during the 23-year study period, averaging 21 613 injured children per year. From 1990 to 2012, the annual cheerleading injury rate increased significantly by 189.1%; and from 2001 to 2012, the annual rate of cheerleading-related concussion/closed head injury increased significantly by 290.9%. Falls were the most common mechanism of injury (29.4%) and were more likely to lead to hospitalization (relative risk = 2.47; 95% confidence interval = 1.67-3.68) compared with other injury mechanisms. The rising number and rate of pediatric cheerleading injuries underscore the need for increased efforts to prevent these injuries.
The Stabilizing Influences of Linking Set Size and Model–Data Fit in Sparse Rater-Mediated Assessment Networks
Authors: Wind Stefanie A. , Jones Eli
Published: April 2017

Previous research includes frequent admonitions regarding the importance of establishing connectivity in data collection designs prior to the application of Rasch models. However, details regarding the influence of characteristics of the linking sets used to establish connections among facets, such as locations on the latent variable, model–data fit, and sample size, have not been thoroughly explored. These considerations are particularly important in assessment systems that involve large proportions of missing data (i.e., sparse designs) and are associated with high-stakes decisions, such as teacher evaluations based on teaching observations. The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of characteristics of linking sets in sparsely connected rating designs on examinee, rater, and task estimates. A simulation design whose characteristics were intended to reflect practical large-scale assessment networks with sparse connections were used to consider the influence of locations on the latent variable, model–data fit, and sample size within linking sets on the stability and model–data fit of estimates. Results suggested that parameter estimates for examinee and task facets are quite robust to modifications in the size, model–data fit, and latent-variable location of the link. Parameter estimates for the rater, while still quite robust, are more sensitive to reductions in link size. The implications are discussed as they relate to research, theory, and practice.
Investigating Altruism and Selfishness Through the Hypothetical Use of Superpowers
Authors: Das-Friebel Ahuti , Wadhwa Nikita , Sanil Merin , Kapoor Hansika , V. Sharanya
Published: April 2017

Drawing from literature associating superheroes with altruism, this study examined whether ordinary individuals engaged in altruistic or selfish behavior when they were hypothetically given superpowers. Participants were presented with six superpowers—three positive (healing, invulnerability, and flight) and three negative (fear inducement, psychic persuasion, and poison generation). They indicated their desirability for each power, what they would use it for (social benefit, personal gain, social harm), and listed examples of such uses. Quantitative analyses ( n = 285) revealed that 94% of participants wished to possess a superpower, and majority indicated using powers for benefitting themselves than for altruistic purposes. Furthermore, while men wanted positive and negative powers more, women were more likely than men to use such powers for personal and social gain. Qualitative analyses of the uses of the powers ( n = 524) resulted in 16 themes of altruistic and selfish behavior. Results were analyzed within Pearce and Amato’s model of helping behavior, which was used to classify altruistic behavior, and adapted to classify selfish behavior. In contrast to how superheroes behave, both sets of analyses revealed that participants would hypothetically use superpowers for selfish rather than altruistic purposes. Limitations and suggestions for future research are outlined.
Comparing Students With and Without Reading Difficulties on Reading Comprehension Assessments: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Collins Alyson A. , Lindström Esther R. , Compton Donald L.
Published: April 2017

Researchers have increasingly investigated sources of variance in reading comprehension test scores, particularly with students with reading difficulties (RD). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine if the achievement gap between students with RD and typically developing (TD) students varies as a function of different reading comprehension response formats (e.g., multiple choice, cloze). A systematic literature review identified 82 eligible studies. All studies administered reading comprehension assessments to students with RD and TD students in Grades K–12. Hedge’s g standardized mean difference effect sizes were calculated, and random effects robust variance estimation techniques were used to aggregate average weighted effect sizes for each response format. Results indicated that the achievement gap between students with RD and TD students was larger for some response formats (e.g., picture selection ES g = −1.80) than others (e.g., retell ES g = −0.60). Moreover, for multiple-choice, cloze, and open-ended question response formats, single-predictor metaregression models explored potential moderators of heterogeneity in effect sizes. No clear patterns, however, emerged in regard to moderators of heterogeneity in effect sizes across response formats. Findings suggest that the use of different response formats may lead to variability in the achievement gap between students with RD and TD students.
Toxic megacolon as a rare complication following atropine therapy due to organophosphate poisoning: A case report
Authors: Mostafazadeh Babak , Farzaneh Esmaeil , Paeezi Maryam , Nikkhah Farahnaz
Published: April 2017

The main therapeutic basis for a case of organophosphate poisoning is a combination therapy which includes atropine as an anticholinergic drug and pralidoxime. If the poisoning is severe, a high dose of this combination of medicines may be needed, but this may cause serious side effects: paralytic ileus or even megacolon; however, these gastrointestinal events are very rare. Here, we report a case of organophosphate poisoning where atropine therapy was given and led to drug-associated toxic megacolon.
Bingo! Holy play in experience-oriented society
Authors: De Groot Kees
Published: April 2017

What place is there for holy play in experience-oriented society? Is it possible and useful to make analytic distinctions between the liturgical quality of events? I explored these questions by doing research on the boundaries between the religious field and the field of leisure. Fifty site visits to public events in the Netherlands (2006–2014) resulted in a collection of ethnographic data. I used the concept of play as introduced by the Dutch historian Johan Huizinga and the tools of ritual studies to explore whether these could help to produce an account of the liturgical quality of ritualized meetings. Holy play might be found in unexpected places, such as in a bingo hall. Huizinga’s broad diagnosis of modernity may be outdated, but the tools he introduced remain useful to distinguish the elements that constitute late-modern meetings as more or less playful – even when this involves combinations that seem contradictory from Huizinga’s own point of view.
Negotiating with the North: How Southern-tier intellectual workers deal with the global economy of knowledge
Authors: Connell Raewyn , Pearse Rebecca , Collyer Fran , Maia João Marcelo , Morrell Robert
Published: April 2017

This article examines a group of intellectual workers who occupy a peripheral but not powerless position in the global economy of knowledge. How do they handle relations with the global metropole, especially in new fields of research where established hierarchies are in question? Three new domains of knowledge – climate change, HIV/AIDS and gender studies – are studied through interviews with 70 active researchers in Southern-tier countries Brazil, South Africa and Australia. A pattern of extraversion, involving active adoption of paradigms from the metropole, is widespread and institutionally supported. Major alternative knowledge formations have not emerged in these domains. However contestations of more specific kinds are frequent. Paradigms are adapted, criticism is offered, activism is engaged, capacities are developed and allegiances sometimes changed. The valorization of local knowledge, which goes beyond the abstractions of universalized paradigms, is particularly significant. Not stark subordination, but a complex collective negotiation characterizes the response of intellectual workers in the Southern tier.
Preparation, structure, and properties of melt spun cellulose acetate butyrate fibers
Authors: Wang Xinhang , Wang Yanping , Xia Yumin , Huang Shuohan , Wang Yimin , Qiu Yiping
Published: April 2017

The melt spinning of cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) without any additives is realized according to the thermal and rheological properties of cellulose acetate butyrate raw material. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that thermal degradation of cellulose acetate butyrate occurs at 275℃ in oxygen. Rheological tests show that cellulose acetate butyrate is a strong shear thinning pseudoplastic fluid. The melt viscosity of cellulose acetate butyrate is found to be relatively sensitive to temperature change and cellulose acetate butyrate melt is difficult to flow until the temperature reaches 230℃. However, thermal degradation of cellulose acetate butyrate during spinning cannot be completely avoided even when the spinning temperature is 230℃. The orientation of cellulose acetate butyrate fibers can be improved by increasing the spinning draw ratio during the spinning process or by hot drawing during the drawing process. Crystallization of cellulose acetate butyrate fibers is facilitated by improving molecular orientation. Owing to the improved orientation and crystallinity, the tensile strength and initial modulus of cellulose acetate butyrate fibers are enhanced. The cellulose acetate butyrate fiber achieves the highest degree of orientation and crystallinity by drawing at 135℃, showing the highest tensile strength at 1.42 cN/dtex. Moreover, dyeing experiments show that the cellulose acetate butyrate fiber can be dyed with a disperse dye and the suitable dyeing temperature is in the range of 80∼90℃.
Validation of the Stress Overload Scale and Stress Overload Scale–Short Form among a Setswana-speaking community in South Africa
Authors: Wilson Angelina , Wissing Marié P , Schutte Lusilda
Published: April 2017

Although there has been extensive research on the phenomenon of stress, there is still a lack of assessment tools, especially in the South African context, that have strong theoretical underpinnings, tapping into both internal depletion of resources and the excessive external demands from the environment in the measurement of stress. The aim of this study was to validate the Setswana version of the original 30-item long form of the Stress Overload Scale as well as the 10-item short form (Stress Overload Scale–Short Form), both evaluating experienced personal vulnerability and external event load. A sample of N = 376 adults living in a rural community in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa were randomly selected to partake in the study. Emerging model fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis testing the hypothesized two-factor structure of the original Stress Overload Scale were not convincingly good. However, we found a remarkable improvement in model fit indices in the case of the Stress Overload Scale–Short Form. Concurrent validity was shown for the Stress Overload Scale–Short Form in significant correlations with depression and emotional well-being. We conclude that the Setswana version of the Stress Overload Scale–Short Form is a psychometrically sound instrument for measuring stress in the present context; however, further validation of the original Stress Overload Scale in diverse samples is necessary to provide stronger support for the hypothesized two-factor structure.
Work–Family Conflict and Enrichment Mediates the Relationship Between Job Characteristics and Well-Being at Work With Portuguese Marine Corps
Authors: Carvalho Vânia Sofia , Chambel Maria José
Published: April 2017

This study of 175 military employees working in three units of the Portuguese Marine Corps tested the mediated effect of work–family conflict and enrichment on the relationship between job characteristics and well-being at work (i.e., burnout; engagement). Using job demands, job autonomy, and supervisor support as job characteristics, and consistent with the assumptions of acclaimed work well-being models (i.e., job demands–control and support, job demands–resources model, and conservation of resources theory), the structural equation modeling analysis revealed that job characteristics are related to both work–family conflict and enrichment, which, in turn, explain militaries’ burnout and engagement. Work–family enrichment mediated the relationship between job characteristics (i.e., autonomy and supervisor support) and engagement, and work–family conflict not only mediated the relationship between job characteristics (i.e., demands and supervisor support) and burnout but also acted as a mediator between these variables and engagement.
“A Bigoted, Prejudiced, Hateful Little Area”: The Making of an All-White Suburb in the Deep North
Authors: Montrie Chad
Published: April 2017

This article traces the history of Edina, Minnesota, a community just outside of Minneapolis, following its transformation from an interracial farming village in the late nineteenth century to a racially exclusive and prejudice-ridden “streetcar” suburb by the 1930s. It also looks at the ordeal experienced by the first black family to move to the area, in 1960, demonstrating the challenges faced by the “open housing” movement in what is known as a racially “progressive” state. As a history of demographic change, the article suggests the need for a slightly revised Great Migration narrative, particularly when African Americans moved north and when and why some of the first migrants moved to cities. Likewise, it contributes to a literature showing how northern suburban communities became and remained all white for nearly a century and, more generally, how pervasive and intransigent racism was even among well-mannered, middle-class white Americans in the Deep North.
Computer Programming with Early Elementary Students with Down Syndrome
Authors: Taylor Matthew S. , Vasquez Eleazar , Donehower Claire
Published: April 2017

Students of all ages and abilities must be given the opportunity to learn academic skills that can shape future opportunities and careers. Researchers in the mid-1970s and 1980s began teaching young students the processes of computer programming using basic coding skills and limited technology. As technology became more personalized and easily accessible in the early 2000s, there was renewed interest in preparing students with the computer programming skills necessary for their education and possible career choices. The purpose of this single case study was to explore the feasibility of teaching early elementary students with Down syndrome basic computer programming skills using evidence-based practices (i.e., explicit instruction), physical manipulatives, and a robot. All participants ( n = 3) successfully completed the intervention. Results, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.
‘I’d Double Tap That!!’: street art, graffiti, and Instagram research
Authors: MacDowall Lachlan John , de Souza Poppy
Published: April 2017

Recent scholarship into the uses of social media has opened up productive ways of thinking about the dynamic relationship between user-generated content and new forms of sociality and social practice. However, compared with Twitter and Facebook, the photo- and video-sharing platform Instagram has received relatively little scholarly attention. Instagram is only the latest in a complex media history that has shaped a range of social practices, including graffiti and street art. This article considers the relationship between street art, graffiti, and mobile digital technologies, in particular the ways in which the production and consumption of forms of street art and graffiti are increasingly shaped by the architectures, protocols, and uses of Instagram. Beyond thinking conceptually about how Instagram is reshaping these practices, it also considers some analytic strategies for Instagram research that can illuminate this emerging and dynamic relationship. We also suggest that thinking of Instagram simply as another tool obscures both the complex issues of using Instagram metadata for research (privacy, the definition of publication, intellectual property, archiving, and conservation) and they ways in which the platform itself is in no way distinct from the cultural formations to which it promises access.
Intact endobronchial hydatid cyst: an unexpected bronchoscopic challenge
Authors: Zamani Adil , Yosunkaya Sebnem
Published: April 2017

We describe a rare case of intact endobronchial hydatid cyst that posed a diagnostic challenge because of an unusual imaging manifestation (atelectasis) and unexpected bronchoscopic findings. Although the role of bronchoscopy in the management of pulmonary hydatid cyst is still controversial, 6 cases of complicated pulmonary hydatid cyst removed completely by suction through a fiberoptic bronchoscope have been reported so far. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first nonsurgically treated case of intact endobronchial hydatid cyst with an uneventful long-term follow-up.
Educating against Revolution: French Émigré Schools and the Challenge of the Next Generation
Authors: Pestel Friedemann
Published: April 2017

The education of children as future elites after the Restoration was a persistent concern for French émigrés after the Revolution of 1789. Focusing on discourse on émigré education and émigré schools in Britain and the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, this article examines how, in the 1790s, the émigrés' rejection of the Republic and their quest for monarchical restoration resonated in pedagogical activities. Under difficult living conditions and unclear prospects of political exile, education became a consolidating strategy of combating the Revolution with pedagogical means. The social composition, educational programmes, and public representations of émigré schools reveal their pivotal role in émigré community life, involving priests, women, writers, politicians, local supporters – and children. Comparison between Britain and the Holy Roman Empire allows for differentiating strategies of integration into the host societies and of immunization against revolutionary influences. Education contributed to strengthening the émigrés' identity and mobilizing their hosts for the ideological, military, and humanitarian struggle against the Revolution. The students' later careers call for reconsidering experiences of exile education among the elites of Napoleonic and Restoration France.
Enlarging Yugoslavia: Tito's Quest for Expansion, 1945–1948
Authors: Niebuhr Robert
Published: April 2017

When Yugoslav strongman Josip Broz Tito secured power at the end of the Second World War, he had envisioned for himself a new Yugoslavia that would serve as the center of power for the Balkan Peninsula. First, he worked to ensure a Yugoslav presence in the Trieste region of Italy and southern Austria as a way to gain territory inhabited by Slovenes and Croats; meanwhile, his other foreign policy escapades sought to make Yugoslavia into a major European power. To that end, Yugoslav agents quickly worked to synchronize the Albanian socio-economic and political systems through their support of Albanian Partisans and only grew emboldened over time. As allies who proved themselves in the fight against fascism, Yugoslav policymakers felt able to act with impunity throughout the early post-Cold War period. The goal of this article is to highlight this early foreign policy by focusing on three case studies – Trieste, Carinthia, and Albania – as part of an effort to reinforce the established argument over Tito's quest for power in the early Cold War period.
Drawing a Glorious Past, Picturing an Uncertain Future
Authors: Webb Joel C.
Published: April 2017

This article uses turn-of-the-century editorial cartoons and other imagery mass produced by the Spanish press to examine a period in Spanish history when the momentum of a developing national identity collided with the challenges of war and decolonization. Through a detailed exploration of the iconography embedded in caricatures published in the pages of a politically diverse selection of turn-of-the-century Spanish publications, this article seeks to demonstrate that the fear of an uncertain future combined with the disaster of a collapsing empire were projected onto images of the enemy which reflect a submerged anxiety over the threat of an ascendant and vulgar modernity. This anxiety manifested itself in dueling metaphors that presented the essence of Spanishness as a bulwark against industrialization, modernization, and liberalization.
Worlding, Ontological Politics and the Possibility of a Decolonial IR
Authors: Blaney David L. , Tickner Arlene B.
Published: April 2017

This article argues that attention to representational practices and epistemology, however important for expanding the boundaries of International Relations as a field of study, has been insufficient for dealing with difference in world politics, where ontological conflicts are also at play. We suggest that IR, as a latecomer to the ‘ontological turn’, has yet to engage systematically with ‘singular world’ logics introduced by colonial modernity and their effacement of alternative worlds. In addition to exploring how even critical scholars concerned with the ‘othering’ and ‘worlding’ of difference sidestep issues of ontology, we critique the ontological violence performed by norms constructivism and the only limited openings offered by the Global IR project. Drawing on literatures from science and technology studies, anthropology, political ecology, standpoint feminism and decolonial thought, we examine the potentials of a politics of ontology for unmaking the colonial universe, cultivating the pluriverse, and crafting a decolonial science. The article ends with an idea of what this might mean for International Relations.
Mother, grandmother, migrant: Elder translocality and the renegotiation of household roles in Cambodia
Authors: Lawreniuk Sabina , Parsons Laurie
Published: April 2017

This paper explores the participation of elder members of Cambodian households in translocal livelihoods. Based on linked, rural–urban fieldwork rooted in a Phnom Penh garment worker enclave, it highlights three aspects of elder translocality in Cambodia. First, it shows that the logistics of older people’s migrations are not predicated directly on physical mobility or lifecycle, as often assumed in the literature, but that these are merely two amongst a variety of factors that instigate nested, longer and shorter term cycles. Secondly, it explores how older members of migrant households engage agentively in ‘supportive’ migrant roles such as childcare, as opposed to passively complying with the needs of their families. Finally, the paper demonstrates how elder members of translocal households – recognising their changing economic and ecological environment – utilise the performance of these duties as a means of retaining status in a marketising context.
The evolution of climate change guidance for fluvial flood risk management in England
Authors: Reynard Nicholas S , Kay Alison L , Anderson Molly , Donovan Bill , Duckworth Caroline
Published: April 2017

Floods are one of the biggest natural hazards to society, and there is increasing concern about the potential impacts of climate change on flood occurrence and magnitude. Furthermore, flood risk is likely to increase in the future not just through increased flood occurrence, but also through socio-economic changes, such as increasing population. The extent to which adaptation measures can offset this increased risk will depend on the level of future climate change, but there exists an urgent need for information on the potential impacts of climate change on floods, so that these can be accounted for by flood management authorities and local planners aiming to reduce flood risk. Agencies across the UK have been pro-active in providing such guidance for many years and in refining it as the science of climate change and hydrological impacts has developed. The history of this guidance for fluvial flood risk in England is presented and discussed here, including the recent adoption of a regional risk-based approach. Such an approach could be developed and applied to flood risk management in other countries, and to other sectors affected by climate change.
The inhibiting effect of intravenous anesthesia on adrenal gland functions under the sepsis condition
Authors: Wang Te , Liu Changdong , Wei Pihong , Lv Lili , Yang Zaiqi
Published: April 2017

This study aims to explore the effect of intravenous anesthesia on the adrenal gland functions of rats with sepsis as well as on their lungs and adrenal gland tissues in order to provide a theoretical reference for the cure of sepsis. Female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were taken as the research objects in this study. Venous channels of rats were constructed by catheterization through the external jugular vein, and the cecal ligation and puncture technique was adopted to duplicate the sepsis rat models. The level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and necrocytosis was observed by the fluorescent staining method. The results showed that the survival rates of groups A, B, C, and D were 100%, 60%, 60%, and 50%, respectively, while their concentrations of TNF-α in serum were101.26 ± 43.38, 1398.68 ± 178.56, 451.16 ± 78.68, and 649.83 ± 98.56 pg/mL, respectively. Results of fluorescent staining showed that the number of living cells per unit view in group A was 1428 ± 166 and those of groups B, C and D were 175 ± 56, 618 ± 76, and 468 ± 55, respectively. Besides, it was found that changes of inflammatory pathology of lung tissues of each group were significant. In conclusion, etomidate does not affect the survival of sepsis rats and does not exacerbate lung tissue inflammation in sepsis rats. Instead, it can inhibit TNF-α in serum of sepsis rats, as well as the apoptosis of adrenal cells in sepsis rats.
Analysis of composite stiffener under successive impact and bending test
Authors: Ridha Muhammad , Tay Tong-Earn , Werner Sven , Joern Paul , Tan Vincent Beng Chye
Published: April 2017

In this article, we present the analysis, modelling and experimental investigation of composite omega stiffeners from non-penetrating impact to bending-after-impact. We used advanced computational methods to determine the extent of damage due to impact and, without many simplifications to the damage, predict the residual bending-after-impact strength under four-point-bend tests. The predicted sizes and patterns of impact damage, and the subsequent predicted bending strengths are compared to experimental tests of omega stiffeners. This work shows that preserving the details and fidelity of damage in the computational model is critical to successful prediction of residual strength. It was also found that modifying the design of the stiffeners by changing the orientation of some of the plies reduces the extent of impact damage and increases residual bending strength.
Young Adults Victimized as Children or Adolescents: Relationships Between Perpetrator Patterns, Poly-Victimization, and Mental Health Problems
Authors: Källström Åsa , Hellfeldt Karin , Howell Kathryn H. , Miller-Graff Laura E. , Graham-Bermann Sandra A.
Published: April 2017

Child and adolescent victims of violence are often exposed to more than one kind of physical, sexual, or emotional maltreatment. Both individually and cumulatively, such victimizations have significant ramifications on mental health. Yet little is known about the relationships in which these different kinds of victimizations occur and how the relationship between the victim and perpetrators may influence later mental health. This retrospective, self-report study of a nationally representative sample of 2,500 young adults in Sweden examines associations between different types of victimization (including poly-victimization), the victim’s relationship to the perpetrator, and how these factors are related to current mental health. Results indicate differential patterns of abuse based on the perpetrator; parents were most likely to use physical aggression, whereas siblings typically perpetrated property crimes and partners committed sexual assault. Peers were the most likely perpetrator of both physical and verbal victimizations and also most often committed poly-victimization by subjecting youth to multiple forms of violence. While males were more likely to be victimized by peers, females were more likely to be victimized by parents, siblings, and partners. Significant positive relations were found for the amount of victimization by peers and mental health problems among both males and females. In addition, for females, higher amounts of youth victimization by parents and partners related to higher levels of mental health problems during young adulthood. Taken together, these results suggest that peer victimization presents the greatest risk for males, whereas dysfunctional family relationships are most detrimental to victimized females.
Exploration of Crime-Scene Characteristics in Juvenile Homicide in the French-Speaking Part of Belgium
Authors: Gerard F. Jeane , Whitfield Kate C. , Browne Kevin D.
Published: April 2017

This study explores modeling crime-scene characteristics of juvenile homicide in the French-speaking part of Belgium. Multidimensional scaling analysis was carried out on crime-scene characteristics derived from the court files of 67 individuals under 22 years old, who had been charged with murder or attempted murder (1995-2009). Three thematic regions (Expressive: multiple offenders; Instrumental: theft; Instrumental: sex/forensic awareness) distinguished types of aggression displayed during the offense. These themes reaffirm that the expressive–instrumental differentiation found in general homicide studies is valuable when attempting to discriminate juvenile homicides. The proposed framework was found useful to classify the offenses, as 84% of homicides were assigned to a dominant theme. Additionally, associations between crime-scene characteristics and offenders’ characteristics were analyzed, but no associations were found, therefore failing to provide empirical support for the homology assumption. Cultural comparisons, as well as the influence of age on the thematic structure are discussed.
Distinct and Overlapping Correlates of Psychological and Physical Partner Violence Perpetration
Authors: Cascardi Michele , Jouriles Ernest N. , Temple Jeff R.
Published: April 2017

Despite its high prevalence, adverse impact, and potential significance in understanding the onset of physical partner violence (PV), there has been surprisingly scant research on psychological PV perpetration. The present research, guided by social learning and attachment theories, addresses this gap in the literature by examining overlapping and distinct correlates for psychological and physical PV perpetration in emerging adults. Undergraduates ( N = 504) with current or recent dating experience were recruited to complete a self-report survey. The survey included measures of emotional and physical child maltreatment, witnessing physical family violence, insecure attachment, hostility, and anger. The sample was 63% female and racially and ethnically diverse (50% non-White, non-Hispanic, or Hispanic of any race). Insecure attachment and anger, but not hostility or child maltreatment, were uniquely correlated with psychological PV, whereas only physical child maltreatment and witnessing physical family violence were unique correlates for physical PV. Neither emotional nor physical child maltreatment potentiated relations between insecure attachment, hostility, or anger and either form of PV. Although females were more likely to perpetrate psychological and physical PV, correlates for each form of PV did not vary by gender. The relations between physical child maltreatment and physical PV are consistent with a social learning theory explanation for physical PV. Insecure attachment and anger appear to be particularly important correlates for psychological, but not physical, PV. Thus, psychological and physical PV may have distinct risk profiles and may require different intervention targets.
Coaching Teachers to Use a Simultaneous Prompting Procedure to Teach Core Content to Students With Autism
Authors: Tekin-Iftar Elif , Collins Belva C. , Spooner Fred , Olcay-Gul Seray
Published: April 2017

The researchers in this study used a multiple baseline design across dyads to examine the effects of professional development with coaching to train general education teachers to use a simultaneous prompting procedure when teaching academic core content to students with autism and the effects of the procedure on the students’ outcomes. Three teacher–student dyads participated in the study. Results showed that (a) teachers acquired the ability to use the simultaneous prompting procedure with 100% accuracy, maintained the acquired teaching behaviors over time, and generalized them in teaching new academic content to their students; and (b) students acquired the targeted academic content, maintained it over time, and generalized it across different persons and settings. In addition, the students acquired instructive feedback stimuli added to instruction and maintained these over time as well. Last, both the opinions of the teachers and students about the social validity of the study were positive. Future research is needed to support these findings.
Capitalism, Structural Crisis and Contemporary Social Movements: An Interview with Immanuel Wallerstein
Authors: Curty Gaël
Published: April 2017

Immanuel Wallerstein is internationally recognized as the founder of world-systems analysis and is highly regarded for his groundbreaking analysis of the capitalist world-economy. In this excerpted interview, Immanuel Wallerstein analyzes the contemporary struggles between social movements representing the ‘spirit of Davos’ and the ‘spirit of Porto Alegre’ and explores the possibilities for social and political action for more equality and democracy in the 21st century.
A modular design approach for modeling and optimization of adaptable products considering the whole product utilization spans
Authors: Martinez Maribel , Xue Deyi
Published: April 2017

Design of adaptable products aims at satisfying different and changing customer requirements through changes of products such as reconfiguration and upgrading during their utilization stages. In this research, a new modular design approach is introduced for modeling and optimization of adaptable products considering the whole product utilization spans. In this work, product descriptions in different operation phases are modeled by different configurations, and each of these configurations is described by parameters. The product components with similar life-cycle properties such as operation phases and life-spans are grouped into modules based on a fuzzy pattern clustering method. A hybrid AND–OR tree is used to model all feasible design solutions considering different configurations and their parameters. The adaptable product is evaluated by different evaluation measures with different units, which are further converted into comparable evaluation indices. The overall evaluation index for an adaptable product is defined by individual evaluation indices and their importance weighting factors considering the whole product utilization span. A multilevel optimization method is employed to identify the best design solution, its configurations in different operation phases and parameter values of the relevant configurations.
Burden of illness in systemic lupus erythematosus: results from a UK patient and carer online survey
Authors: Kent T , Davidson A , Newman D , Buck G , D’Cruz D
Published: April 2017

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on patients and carers.

Methods

Adults with SLE and carers of SLE patients completed a UK-specific online survey covering many aspects of the disease. Surveys were developed in collaboration with an NHS lupus unit and a lupus patient organization.

Results

A total of 121 patients and 31 carers completed the surveys. Of the 70% of patients initially misdiagnosed with another condition, 59% received treatment for the misdiagnosis. Fatigue was the most debilitating symptom, experienced daily by 79% of patients. The proportion of patients not reporting flares to healthcare providers varied with flare severity: mild flares (43%), moderate flares (15%) and severe flares (5%). Most patients (89%) reported reduced ability to socialize, and 76% had changed employment; of these, 52% stopped working completely. Over one-half (52%) of carers in paid employment missed time from work, and 55% of carers reported a worsened financial status. Most carers (87%) experienced interference with social activities.

Conclusion

SLE is commonly misdiagnosed and has a considerable impact on the physical, social and financial status of patients and carers. Increased awareness of the disease among healthcare providers and employers of patients and their carers is needed.
The psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale-10 among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Mills S D , Azizoddin D , Racaza G Z , Wallace D J , Weisman M H , Nicassio P M
Published: April 2017

Objective

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multisystem autoimmune disease characterized by periods of remission and recurrent flares, which have been associated with stress. Despite the significance of stress in this disease, the Perceived Stress Scale-10 has yet to be psychometrically evaluated in patients with SLE.

Methods

Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the structural validity of the Perceived Stress Scale-10 among patients with SLE ( N = 138) receiving medical care at Cedars Sinai Medical Center. Cronbach’s coefficient alpha was used to examine internal consistency reliability, and Pearson product-moment correlations were used to examine convergent validity with measures of anxiety, depression, helplessness, and disease activity.

Results

Exploratory factor analysis provided support for a two-factor structure (comparative fit index = .95; standardized root mean residual = .04; root mean square error of approximation = .08). Internal consistency reliability was good for both factors (α = .84 and .86). Convergent validity was evidenced via significant correlations with measures of anxiety, depression, and helplessness. There were no significant correlations with the measure of disease activity.

Conclusion

The Perceived Stress Scale-10 can be used to examine perceived stress among patients with SLE.
Constraint approaches to the estimation of relative risk
Authors: Tang Yuanyuan , Jones Philip G , Sun Liangrui , Arnold Suzanne V , Spertus John A
Published: April 2017

In medical and epidemiologic studies, relative risk is usually the parameter of interest. However, calculating relative risk using standard log-Binomial regression approach often encounters non-convergence. A modified Poisson regression, which uses robust variance, was proposed by Zou in 2004. Although the modified Poisson regression with sandwich variance estimator is valid for the estimation of relative risk, the predicted probability of the outcome may be greater than the natural boundary 1 for the unobserved but plausible covariate combinations. Moreover, the lower and upper bounds of confidence intervals for predicted probabilities could fall out of (0, 1). Chu and Cole, in 2010, proposed a Bayesian approach to overcome this issue. Posterior median was used to get the parameter estimation. However, the Bayesian approach may provide biased estimation, especially when the probability of outcome is high. In this article, we propose an alternative constraint optimization approach for estimating relative risk. Our approach can reach similar or better performance than Bayesian approach in terms of bias, root mean square error, coverage rate, and predictive probabilities. Simulation studies are conducted to demonstrate the usefulness of this approach. Our method is also illustrated by Prospective Registry Evaluating Myocardial Infarction: Event and Recovery data.
Franchising Performance from Franchisee Perspective: Case in Education Franchising in Indonesia
Authors: Sanny Lim , Abdurachman Edi , Simatupang Boto , Heriyati Pantri
Published: April 2017

This article assesses the impact of transactional, relational, entrepreneur orientation on satisfaction and performance from the viewpoint of franchisee. The methodology includes an empirical study that was conducted in education franchising in Indonesia. The results show that the quality of relational relation is important in improving franchisee performance results. Meanwhile, entrepreneur orientation as a moderator variable gives an effect towards the improvement of franchisee performance. From the four indicators of entrepreneur orientation, in education franchise context in Indonesia, the most required indicator is the courage to take risks. This quality is required by franchisee in increasing franchisee performance because without courage to try new things and find creative ideas, franchisee performance will not improve. This article also discusses managerial implications, research limitation and future research.
Digital economy and the rise of open cooperativism: the case of the Enspiral Network
Authors: Pazaitis Alex , Kostakis Vasilis , Bauwens Michel
Published: April 2017

This article explores how autonomous workers/contributors, involved in peer-to-peer relations, can organise their productive efforts so that they have sustainable livelihoods. The discussion is guided by the concept of ‘open cooperativism’, which argues for a synergy between the commons-based peer production movement and elements of the cooperative and solidarity economy movements. To this end, we review the case of Enspiral, a network of professionals and companies that empowers and supports social entrepreneurship. We explore its values, operation and governance as well as the chosen strategies for autonomy and sustainability. Finally, some lessons are summarised for the cooperative and union movement, which point to open cooperativism as an integrated vision.
Slewing and vibration control of a single-link flexible manipulator using filtered feedback linearization
Authors: Ghasemi Amir H
Published: April 2017

This article presents the filtered feedback linearization controller for the simultaneous positioning and vibration suppression of a slewing flexible-link manipulator. Filtered feedback linearization requires only limited model information, specifically, knowledge of the vector relative degree and knowledge of the dynamic-inversion matrix, and it makes the [Formula: see text] command, following errors, arbitrarily small despite the presence of unknown disturbances. A closed-loop performance is determined by a parameter gain, which can be viewed as the cut-off frequency of a low-pass filter. For sufficiently large parameter gain, the closed-loop performance is arbitrarily small. Furthermore, we present an adaptive filtered feedback linearization controller, which uses a high-gain adaptive law to increase the controller parameter until the desired performance is achieved. Numerical and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Can Staff Be Supported to Deliver Compassionate Care Through Implementing Schwartz Rounds in Community and Mental Health Services?
Authors: Farr Michelle , Barker Rhiannon
Published: April 2017

Schwartz Rounds are evidence-based interdisciplinary discussions where health care staff can share experiences of the emotional and social aspects of care, to support improvements in patient care. Developed in acute services, they are now being implemented in various settings including U.K. community and mental health services where their implementation has not been researched. Realist evaluation was used to analyze three community and mental health case studies of Round implementation, involving Round observations ( n = 5), staff interviews ( n = 22), and post-Round evaluation sheets ( n = 206). Where Schwartz Rounds were successfully implemented and facilitated, the discussions enabled emotional resonance across interdisciplinary colleagues about caring experiences, enabling the recognition of a common humanity. Participants appreciated attending Rounds and saw they improved communications, trust, and openness with colleagues and enabled more compassionate care with patients. The wide geographical dispersal of staff and work pressures were challenges in attending Rounds, and strong leadership is needed to support their implementation.