bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Degradation Kinetics of a Intumescent Flame Retardant System for Halogen-Free Flame Retarded EVA
Authors: Li Xiu Yun , Liao De Tian , Ma Han Bing , Xu Kang Lin , Tang An Bin
Published: July 2012

An intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system containing phosphorus-silicon (EMPZR) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was used to improve the flame retardancy of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)(EVA). The influence of EMPZR contents on the flame retardance of EVA/EMPZR/APP composites has been studied. It was found that the reasonable mass ratio of EMPZR/APP in EVA/EMPZR/APP composites is 20/20, whose limiting oxygen index (LOI) value was improved from 19.0 for EVA to 28.6, and the burning grading reached to UL-94 V-0. The thermal behavior of EVA and IFR-EVA was investigated by dynamic thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) at different heating rates and then the thermal degradation activation energies of EVA and IFR-EVA were determined by using Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method. Meanwhile, morphology of the char residue obtained from burning IFR-EVA in LOI test was studied through the scanning electron microscopy SEM observation, the rich compact char layer in which could explain the good flame retardance and the synergistic effect between EMPZR and APP.
Experimental Study on the Thermodynamic Properties of Thermites
Authors: Lv Hui Ping , Pan Gong Pei , Chen Xin , Chen Hou He , Zhu Chen Guang , Liu Guo Sheng
Published: July 2012

In order to study the thermites systematically, six different thermites were chosen and prepared, then the thermodynamic properties were measured. It was found that Mg+MnO2, Al+Fe3O4 and Mg+CuO combusted steadily and slowly, while Mg+MnO2 had a high combustion temperature; Mg+CuO, Mg+Fe3O4 and Mg+MnO2 had lower starting reaction temperature, higher releasing heat, and reacted easily; Mg+MnO2, Mg+CuO and Al+CuO had higher combustion heat and complete combustion capacity. Mg+MnO2 and Mg+CuO are two ideal thermites, have bright practical application prospect.
Catalytic Effects of Super Acid SO42-/γ-Al2O3 to PET Depolymerization under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Yan Hong Mei , Ma Yong Shuai , Zhang Wei Lu , Zhang Dong
Published: July 2012

The effects of different temperatures on catalytic hydrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate(PET) by solid super acids SO42-/γ-Al2O3as a catalyst under microwave irradiation were studied, and in the meantime, the morphology analysis of the undepolymerized PET under the same temperature was investigated by SEM. The results indicate that the depolymerization rate of PET is seriously influenced by reaction time and temperature. The depolymerization mechanism is changed by the solid super acid SO42-/γ-Al2O3, and the depolymerization rate is higher than that of with no catalyst in the whole process of reaction.
Oxygen-Enriched Combustion Characteristics of Lignite: A Case Study of the Pingzhuang Lignite from Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Chen Xiang Yun , Zhang Yong Feng , Zhang Qian Cheng , Bai Jie , Wu Fei
Published: July 2012

Combustion curves of lignite samples from China in four different particle sizes and Oxygen-enriched condition were analyzed using non-isothermal thermogravimetric method. The lignite samples separated into -150+100 μm, -100+75 μm, -75+50 μm, and -50μm sizes. Combustion profiles shift to lower temperature zone as particle size decrease. Combustion profiles have little difference when the particle size below 100 μm in oxygen atmosphere; Oxygen-enriched combustion experiment were carried out in O2/N2 mixture atmospheres with the volume fraction of oxygen was 21%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70%, respectively. As oxygen concentration increase profiles shift to lower temperature zone. and gets the proper range of oxygen concentration is about 50%.
Computational Investigation of Hydrodynamics in a Turbulent Fluidized Bed of FCC Particles
Authors: Chang Jian , Zhang Kai
Published: July 2012

The hydrodynamics in a high and narrow turbulent fluidized bed of FCC particles is investigated by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The axial bed density, particle volume fraction and particle velocity in the fluidized bed are predicted and compared with the experiments. The results indicate that there exist two different coexisting regions in the bed: a bottom dense and an upper dilute region. As increasing superficial gas velocity, bed density decreases in the dense phase whilst increases in the dilute phase. In this high and narrow turbulent fluidized bed, however, the bed density decreases sharply even in the dense phase because of the wall restriction. The hydrodynamics resembles slug flow at the initial fluidization stage; as a steady fluidization is achieved, the fluidized bed produces larger bubbles than the conventional one.
GIS-Based Emergency Management System for Chemical Industry Park
Authors: Li Yun Yun , Shang Xiao Qin , Liu Ru Feng
Published: July 2012

The chemical industrial park’s quick development has brought out many security and environment problem. For the common leakage accidents, it is urgently needed to build emergency response decision support system. The analysis of the accident is the crucial part of the system, in this paper the method of integrating GIS with diffusion model was used to simulate the three-dimensional diffusion process and predict the impact scope of the accident. The Pasquill-Gifford model and Gaussian diffusion model was introduced; Gaussian plume model was applied through the example to illustrate the method. The system is not just convenient for drawing up critical situation pre-arranged planning, but could offer timely assistant decision for emergency command.
Sintering Behavior and Microwave Dielectric Properties of BaTi4O9 Ceramics Prepared from Different Size Powders by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Zhang Wen Juan , Li Ming Gang , Li Hong Wei , Hua You Jie , Wang Huan Ping , Xu Shi Qing
Published: July 2012

The BaTi4O9 submicron powders were synthesized by a sol-gel method, and the sintering behavior and microwave dielectric properties of BaTi4O9 ceramics prepared from powders with different particle sizes were also investigated. The particle size of powders calcined at 700 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C and 1000 °C were 8-10 nm, 70-90 nm, 100-120 nm and 140-170 nm, respectively. The 70-170 nm powders benefited the sintering process and microwave dielectric properties, whereas nanoparticles with the size of 8-10 nm damaged the sintering behavior due to the more amorphous phases and lower green density introduced by the large surface area. Sintered at 1175 °C, the BaTi4O9 ceramic prepared from 100-120 nm size nanoparticles had compact structure and exhibited good microwave dielectric properties of εr = 36.91 and Q×f = 29,833 GHz.
Mixing Behavior of Reactive Liquids in Micro Channels
Authors: Virendra Usha , Satyavathi B , Ramakrishna M , Talapuru Sankarshana
Published: July 2012

Good mixing in fluids is an important factor that ensures efficient reactions as well as effective heat and mass transfer operations. The mixing behavior of fluids in micro channels has been assessed using identification numbers to characterize flow regimes as, laminar, vortex and engulfment. To demonstrate this, the hydrolysis of ethyl acetate with potassium hydroxide was studied in three different sized micro channels of diameters 0.27, 0.53 and 0.86 mm. The identification numbers obtained from the hydro dynamics within these channels have been compared with the improved performance in these micro channels, based on percentage conversion of the hydrolysis reaction. In this study the identification numbers ranged from 5 to 23. The performance as percentage conversion was better in the smaller diameter channel where the identification number was higher and was found to be lower in the larger diameter channel where the identification number was lower.
Thermally Stable Metal(Cu, Fe)-Substituted Mesoporous Aluminophosphates: Synthesis and Application as Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: Xu Bin , Lin Kai Feng , Jiang Yan Qiu , Sun Jian Min , Xu Xian Zhu
Published: July 2012

Metal-substituted mesoporous aluminophosphates with high thermal stability (Fe-JLU-50 and Cu-JLU-50) has been prepared by using preformed microporous aluminophosphate precursors. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms and FT-IR spectroscopy. The characterization results showed the presence of zeolite aluminophosphate structural building units in the framework of the mesoporous aluminophosphates, which is responsible for their highly thermal stability. Also, the metal species such as Fe and Cu were successfully incorporated in the framework of the mesoporous aluminophosphates via this approach. Fe-JLU-50 and Cu-JLU-50 were evaluated in the oxidations of phenol and trimethylphenol (TMP) with aqueous H2O2, giving highly catalytic activities in both reactions. This result suggests that the materials are versatile catalysts for both small and bulky substrates, ascribed to the accessibility of the substrates to the active sites in the framework of Fe-JLU-50 and Cu-JLU-50 by the retained mesopores after calcination.
State Analysis on the Main Components of Reformer Furnace Pipe Used for a Design Cycle
Authors: Ma Li Feng , Ding Xiao Fei , Zhang Jun , Tian Mao Kai , Gong Li Jing
Published: July 2012

Comprehensive state analysis and life evaluation of the main components of reformer furnace run over service period by EPMA, microstructure and high temperature rupture property. The results show that element distribution and microstructure of reformer pipe, riser pipe, low collecting pipe and socket is normal and the remaining life is longer. The material of furnace pipe for the HK40 are able to meet the process requirement, but the wall thickness of reformer pipe is too large, affecting the thermal efficiency and the inner diameter is small to limit the catalyst and flow. It is good proposal to production enterprises that higher level of material such as ZG50Ni35Cr25NbM is selected to reduce the wall thickness properly, expand the diameter and improve efficiency. Similarly, it can also be appropriate for the riser pipe to choose a lower grade material and reduce the wall thickness and save cost.
Heat Energy Storage Characteristics of a New Type of PCM Heat Exchange Tube
Authors: Zhu Xiao Qin , Cao Zhao Sheng , Zhu Zi Yue , Chang Jing Hua , Gu Hai Ming , Yang Hai Bin
Published: July 2012

Heat energy storage characteristics of a new type of PCM heat exchange tube was researched, in which it took the traditional double-tube exchanger as the total construction foundation and phase change material(CaCl2•6H2O) was filled in the annular area between the inner tube and the outer tube. As air with different temperatures flowed through the PCM heat exchange tube, temperature measurements were carried out at the inlet and the outlet by the experimental system. The experimental results showed that, a new type of PCM heat exchange tube could store heat energy from the hot air by the phase change material in the annular area, and discharge the stored heat energy into the required fluid if necessary. Thus it has two functions of heat exchange and heat energy storage, and is mainly suitable for recovery and utilizations of heat energy in greenhouses, buildings, air conditioning and manifold industrial afterheat or waste heat.
Survey of Combined Hydrogen-Methane Production in Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)
Authors: Zheng Guo Chen , Li Jian Zheng , Li Wei , Tian Zhu Jun , Dong Shuang Shi , Jha Ajay Kumar , Zhang Zhao Han , Zhao Yong Sheng , Zhao Feng
Published: July 2012

Anaerobic fermentative technology is an important route to solving environmental pollution and resources problems. Combined hydrogen and methane production in a two-stage process is a concept which has been developed in recent years Anaerobic biological treatment organic wastewater can produce large amounts of hydrogen and methane，which can be used as energy carrier. At present，the research focusing on the adjustment of fermentation hydrogen-methane production has been conducted. Furthermore, the simultaneous hydrogen-methane production was tested and optimized. However, it lacked combined hydrogen-methane production in an anaerobic reactor in literature so far. Based on preview experiment, the paper studied the simultaneous hydrogen-methane fermentation in an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) system. ABR has the advantage of biomass phase separation and integration of acidogenic and methanogenic processes to simultaneously conduct hydrogen-methane production during wastewater treatment. Through deep biohydrogen production, it can enhance the activity of hydrogen-producing acetogens (HPA) and the efficiencies of the combined hydrogen-methane fermentation system. It showed to enhance the activity of HPA was the key to the combined hydrogen-methane production.
The Analyses of Lignin Structure and Molecular Distribution of pH6 from Dissolved Kraft Lignin
Authors: Zhang Chun Jing , Liu Yu , Dong Li Bin
Published: July 2012

The Chinese poplar was used as the raw material in this study. Conversational Kraft cooking was carried out. The acid-precipitating method was used to separate the dissolved lignin from the black liquor. The FT-IR spectra was quantitatively analyzed and compared in order to discover the change of lignin structures. The lignin 31P—NMR spectra of pH6 lignin samples was obtained and the functional groups of the lignin was quantitatively analyzed and compared in order to discover the change of lignin structures during Kraft cooking. Syrinl-OH was 50~60 percent, Guaiacyl-OH was 40~50 percent. The pH6 lignin samples of 31P-NMR spectra aliphatic OH was 2.75 m mol/g, COOH was 1.75 m mol/g, total phenolic OH 5.66 m mol/g. The molecular weight distribution curves of lignin samples obtained from gel permeation chromatography analysis system was shown that Mw was 1375g/mol, Mn was 2426 g/mol and polydispersity was 4424 g/mol.
Study on Tobacco Stem and Tobacco Dust Making Reconstituted Tobacco Paper-Base
Authors: Zeng Jian , Chen Ke Fu , Xie Jian Ping , Xu Guang , Li Jun , Rao Guo Hua , Yang Fei , Gao Wen Hua
Published: July 2012

Tobacco stem and tobacco dust made reconstituted tobacco paper-base with a paper-making method, effect of extracted and refined on tobacco stem and tobacco dust, particular effect of tobacco stem and tobacco dust ratio on physical properties, chemical composition and microstructure of reconstituted tobacco paper-base were studied. The results indicated that the content of water soluble sugars, total alkaloid, chloride, total nitrogen of the extracted tobacco stem and extracted tobacco dust were decreased, content of holocellulose was increased. With decreasing of tobacco stem pulp ratio (increasing of tobacco dust pulp ratio) of reconstituted tobacco paper-base, there was rapid decrease in tensile index, tear index, bulk and air permeability of reconstituted tobacco paper-base. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that tobacco dust ratio more than 30%, bulk of reconstituted tobacco paper-base decreased significantly. Content of water soluble sugar, total alkaloid, chloride and total nitrogen of tobacco reconstituted paper-base decreasing significantly after paper-making.
Application of Diethylene Triamine Penta Methylene Phosphonic Acid in Bamboo Pulping
Authors: Gao Hong Xia
Published: July 2012

The effect of Diethylene Triamine Penta Methylene Phosphonic Acid in bamboo kraft cooking was studied. The results show that the bamboo pulp properties are optimal when DTPMPA dosage is 0.4%. The optimal properties are as follows: the kappa number is 16.4, brightness is 37.8%, and the screened yield is 41.9%.
Effects of Supports and Reduction Temperature on Pt Dispersion of HI Decomposition Catalyst
Authors: Park Eun Jung , Ko Yun Ki , Park Chu Sik , Kang Kyung Soo , Cho Won Chul , Bae Ki Kwang , Kim Young Ho
Published: July 2012

Pt catalysts have been researched and used for HI decomposition. Specifically, the effects of supports and reduction temperature on metal dispersion were investigated in this paper. Metal dispersion was high measured, in the order of Pt/Al2O3, Pt/ZrO2, and Pt/SiO2. HI conversion results coincided with the metal dispersion. With effect on reduction temperature, Pt dispersion was measured as 2.9 %, 26 %, and 60 % each 1173K, 973K, and 773 K. In addition, HI conversion presented 7.8%, 16.3%, and, 19.4% respectively. Consequently, Pt dispersion, influenced by supports and reduction temperature was considered to be crucial role in HI conversion.
Liquid-Phase Selective Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene over Ultrasonic-Assisted Ni-Mo-P Amorphous Catalyst
Authors: Dai Qian Wen , Liu Zi Li , Xu Cui Xia , Xie Qi Gang , Zhang Fan , Zhang Jian Jie
Published: July 2012

The Ni-Mo-P amorphous catalysts were prepared by chemical reduction method under different sonication conditions. The catalytic performance of the prepared catalysts in selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene(NB) to aniline(AN) were characterized by XRD, BET, N2-adsorption, H2-TPR and H2-TPD. The results show that the introduction of ultrasonic can improve the dispersion of the active sites in the catalyst, the particle size of the catalyst is also smaller than the regular prepared Ni-Mo-P amorphous catalyst. And the influences of the sonication power and time on the catalysts were discussed and compared. The optimal sonication condition is 70 W within 25 min, its optimal reaction time is 150 min.
The Effect of Oxygen on Bunsen Reaction with HIX Solution in Sulfur-Iodine Hydrogen Production Process
Authors: Kim Young Ho , Han Sang Jin , Kim Hyo Sub , Ahn Byung Tae , Park Chu Sik , Bae Ki Kwang , Lee Jong Gyu
Published: July 2012

The Sulfur-Iodine thermochemical hydrogen production process (SI process) has been focused as one of the most promising method for hydrogen production by water splitting. SI process consists of three sections as follow; (1) Bunsen reaction, (2) H2SO4 decomposition and (3) HI decomposition. The O2 produced in a H2SO4 decomposition section could be supplied directly to the Bunsen reaction section without additional separation. Meanwhile, the reactant solution supplied to a Bunsen reaction section could be supplied as the type of a HIx (I2 + HI + H2O) solution, since only the separation of I2 in a HIx solution recycled from a HI decomposition section is very difficult. Therefore, we carried out the reaction using SO2 and SO2-O2 mixture gases in presence of the HIx solution to identify the effect of O2 in the Bunsen reaction. From the results, the amount of I2 unreacted under the feed of SO2-O2 mixture gases was very small higher than those under the feed of SO2 gas only, while the amount of HI produced was relatively decreased. In addition, the amount of impurities in each phase produced from the Bunsen reaction with the HIx solution was hardly affected by the O2/SO2 molar ratios.
Improvement on the Technique for Production of Alkaline Battery Seal Ring
Authors: Zhang Jia Min , Li Yue Wen , Zhao Wen Qing
Published: July 2012

Through studying technology of the seal ring production of alkaline storage battery, some products were often found to have defects, such as product short shot, yellow and transparence was not good. According to the to identify the causes of the defects, in order to find ways to solve these problems, production processes were reasonably optimized .Under the seal ring of the injection molding process, raw material preparation, injection molding and post-processing work pieces in three stages, combined with the affecting factors in producing the ring. From the key factor that choose and control of the processing condition of the molding material, molding equipment, injection molding process in the appropriate temperature, pressure, velocity and time conditions, to find performance parameters of producing high quality seal, giving countermeasures to defects emerged in the production of alkaline batteries seal ring.
Study on the Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells with Anode Buffer Layer
Authors: Wang Ai Fen
Published: July 2012

The three photovoltaic cells with two different anode buffer layer on the basis of Pentacene/C60 as active layer was fabicated, the effect and mechanism of anode buffer layer on performance of organic photovoltaic cell are explored. The experimental result shows transition metal oxide inserted between organic active layer and ITO could increase short circuit current and open-circuit voltage,power conversion efficiency is increased to 107%,so it is effective anode buffer material.
Effects of Reaction Time and Hydrochloric Acid Concentration on Acid Hydrolysis of Rice Husk by Reflux Method
Authors: Kumproa Kanatip , Singhykaew Suttipong , Nuntiya Apinon
Published: July 2012

Thailand Has a Large Amount of Lands for the Rice Cultivation which Ranked as the Fifth of the World and Stays on its Position as the World’s Largest Rice Exporter. A Huge Number of Biomass Wastes from the Rice Mill Process, Rice Husk, Lead to the Environmental Problems in Thailand. however, there Is an Alternative Way to Turn this Waste into an Advantage. Rice Husk Is Full of Lignocellulose and SiO2; Therefore, it Becomes a Great and Resource of the Biomass Material for the Chemical and Biological Production. Lignin and Hemicellulose from Rice Husk Could Be Extracted and Hydrolysed by Base and Acid Solution, Respectively. the Aims of this Work Were to Extract Lignin and to Hydrolyse Hemicellulose from Rice Husk; Furthermore, this Work Was to Determine the Optimum Concentration of Acid Solution and Reaction Time for Hemicellulose Extraction. Rice Husk Was Dried and then Milled to Obtain the Average Particle Diameter of 355 μm. the Lignin Extraction Was Performed in Term of NH4OH Solution (10% v/v) at 25oC for 24 h with Dual-action Shakers. then, the Hemicellulose Was Hydrolyzed by Hcl Solution (2, 4, 6 and 8% v/v) Using a Solid/liquid Ratio of 1g Dry Weight/20 ml of HCl Solution and Heated at 100oC for 3 and 5 h with Reflux Method. the Samples Were Characterized by UV Spectrophotometer and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM-EDS). the Results Indicated that the Lignin Content Was 12.3% w/w when Applying of 10% v/v of NH4OH. Moreover, the Highest Hemicellulose Content (35.5 %w/w) Was Obtained by 6% v/v of Hcl at 100oC for 5 h. Scanning Electron Micrograph Showed that the Rice Husk Composed of Cell Wall and Cellulose Fibers. these Cellulose Fibers Were Separated by Removing Lignin and Hemicellulose. According to, the EDS Analysis Showed that the only Rice Husk Cell Wall Consists of SiO2.
Evaluation of the Nano-Confined Catalytic Oxidation Technology for Air Purification and Odor Reduction
Authors: Leung Amy , Kwok Ezra
Published: July 2012

Air pollution has a significant impact of human health. As modern individuals spend most of the day in tightly insulated buildings, there is a strong need for strategies to improve the quality of indoor air. A number of air cleaning methods ranging from simple filtration to photonic technologies have been used in commercial and residential air purifiers. Recently, a novel technology called Nano-Confined Catalytic Oxidation (NCCO) has been developed. In this study, the potential of NCCO versus two other commonly-used air purifiers to reduce odor nuisances caused by ammonia, toluene and hydrogen sulfide is evaluated. Twenty volunteers are asked to evaluate the odor levels before and after air purification, in a safe, controlled environment. The changes in odorant concentrations are also measured. The findings suggest that the NCCO-based air purifier outperforms the two other common residential air purifiers.
Enhanced Oxygen Permeation of Pt-Modified La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-α Hollow Fibre Membranes
Authors: Han De Zhi , Tan Xiao Yao , Yan Zi Feng , Liu Shao Min
Published: July 2012

Perovskite La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-α(LSCF) hollow fibre membranes were fabricated by a combined phase inversion and sintering technique. The prepared membrane possessed a novel structure consisting of only one thin dense layer and one porous layer. A porous layer of platinum was coated on the outer surface of the hollow fibres to improve the surface exchange reactions. Oxygen permeation fluxes through both the original and modified hollow fibre membranes were measured under air/He gradients at different temperature. The results indicated that the oxygen permeation fluxes can be improved from the initial values of 0.17-1.58 ml cm-2min-1in the original hollow fibre membrane to 0.29-3.99 ml cm-2min-1in the Pt-modified membrane in the temperature range of 750-950 °C. An oxygen spillover mechanism has been put forward to explain the effect of Pt on the improvement of oxygen permeation fluxes.
Synthesis of Phenylferrocene in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Li Fawang , Suo Quan Ling , Hong Hai Long , Han Li Min
Published: July 2012

The environmentally benign Suzuki cross-coupling reaction was developed by using ScCO2(Supercritical CO2) instead of traditionally organic solvent. In the paper the compound phenylferrocene was synthesized by the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of iodoferrocene and phenylboronic acids in ScCO2/PEG (polyethylene glycol) with excellent yield ratio in the presence of ligand-free Pd/C catalyst and K2CO3.1.5H2O as base. The Pd/C catalyst can be reused by simply washing sequence and CO2can be recycled after depressurization. The catalytic reaction conditions were optimized in the reaction using ScCO2as solvent.
Results on the Correlation between Molecular Architecture and Rheological Parameters of Metallocene-Catalyzed Polyethylenes
Authors: Li Peng Peng , Yang Shi Yuan , Xue Shan
Published: July 2012

Dynamic rheological results of 17 commercial and noncommercial metallocene-catalyzed polyethylenes, such as shear thinning index(SHI), modulus of crossover point of store modulus and loss modulus (Gco) and flow activation energy(Ea), are presented. The effects of molecular weight distribution(MWD), and degree of short chain branching (SCB) determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and FTIR, were analyzed. Plots of SHI versus MWD revealed the influence of branching level on the shear thinning behavior of polyethylenes. Gcowas observed scaling with MWD for metallocene-catalyzed polyethylenes and the correlation between them was generated by MWD=193378*Gco. Correlation between flow activation energy measured by dynamic temperature sweep at low frequency and short chain branch-0.9038was also established for metallocene polyethylenes as SCB=7*10-8*Ea6.024. Thus, an alternative single rheological method, based on the effect of molecular structural parameters on dynamic rheological behaviors, was proposed to evaluate the polydispersity and short chain branching of metallocene-catalyzed polyethylene.
The Open Culture of Nostoc flagelliforme with a 25 L Open Pond
Authors: Tan Ning , Jia Shi Ru , Han Pei Pei , Guo Wei , Dai Yu Jie
Published: July 2012

The open culture is a simple, low-cost way for microalage cultivation, and the great advantage of which is that it can be easily used for mass production. This culture system is primarily used for the alga that can survive under bad or extreme conditions. N. flagelliforme is a kind autotrophic alga having the property of alkali-resistance, which makes open culture of N. flagelliforme become possible. In this study, the cultivation of N.flagelliforme with an open, 60×40×30cm rectangular glass reactor was conducted. Firstly, the open culture of N.flagelliforme was carried on without new nutrient elements supplemented into pond intermittently. During the whole process of cultivation, the pH maintained at 8-9 in order to avoid the contamination of other green alga. At the end of the cultivation, the cell density reached 0.802 g•L-1 and the exopolysaccharide concentration was 97mg•L-1. Secondly, the fed-batch cultivation was employed to increase biomass and exopolysaccharide production. At the end of the fed-batch cultivation, the biomass and exopolysaccharide of N.flagelliforme increased distinctly to 1.16 g•L-1 and 124 mg•L-1, respectively.
Deproteinization of Polysaccharide from the Stigma Maydis by Chitosan Method
Authors: Zhou Hong Li , Zhang Yang , Chen Qi Li , Hou Di Chao
Published: July 2012

This work was deproteinization in crude polysaccharide from the Stigma maydis by Chitosan method. According to deproteinization rate and polysaccharide loss rate as indexs, the optimized condition as follows: 0.1mL of chitosan, 12°C of temperature, 40 min of still time, and pH 7. The result showed that the deproteinization rate was 73.6% and the polysaccharide loss rate was 71.5%.
Effects of High-Pressure Low-Temperature Freezing&Thawing Process on Potato Qualities
Authors: Li Zhi Yi , Chen Shu Hua , Liu Feng Xia , Wei Wei , Liu Zhi Jun
Published: July 2012

The research about the high pressure technology to preserve foodstuff has been studied for a longer time, but there were few of papers about the research of the combination effects of high-pressure-freezing&thawing process on food qualities. To examine the combination effects of high-pressure-freezing&thawing process on food qualities, potato was chosen as model object. The experiments were conducted with pressure-shift-freezing processes at 0.1, 100~200MPa, and pressure-assisted-thawing processes at 0.1, 200MPa. Texture analysis was as the key index to evaluate the combination effects of high-pressure-freezing&thawing process on food qualities by Texture Analyzer. At the same time the frozen samples treated by pressure-shift-freezing process were histologically analyzed using the isothermal freezing substitution technique to contrast the pressure effects on the size and shape of ice crystal. The sizes and locations of ice crystals in samples as a result of pressure-shift-freezing were compared to those obtained by atmospheric freezing. The results showed that the combination of pressure-shift-freezing and pressure-assisted-thawing process made less change on the cell wall.
Theoretical Study of 4,10-Dinitro-2,6,8,12-tetraoxa-4,10-diaza-tetracyclododecane (TEX)
Authors: Zeng Xiu Lin , Ju Xue Hai , Gao Hong Xu
Published: July 2012

The heat of formation (HOF) for a caged owurtzitane analogue compound of 4,10-dinitro-2,6,8,12-tetraoxa-4,10-diaza-tetracyclododecane (TEX) was obtained by density functional theory B3LYP method with 6-31+G** basis set. The isodesmic reaction, instead of atomization reaction, makes good use of the available experimental data of HOFs and thus ensures the credibility of the result. The value of HOF of TEX is –448.37 kJ/mol. The predicted detonation velocity is about 8.2 km/s and detonation pressure is 31.44 GPa. The dissociation energy for the N-NO2 bond of TEX is 165.43 kJ/mol. There is large strain in TEX with strain energy of 62.47 kJ/mol. The nitro group interaction in TEX is small.
Observation of Field-Free Molecular Orientation by Terahertz Few-Cycle Pulses
Authors: Yu Jie , Liu Yong , Su Qian Zhen , Cong Shu Lin
Published: July 2012

We demonstrate theoretically that the long-lived and efficient field-free molecular orientation can be realized by utilizing two few-cycle terahertz pulses (FCTPs) appropriately delayed in time at a finite temperature. The calculations are performed by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation including the vibrational and rotational degrees of freedom, with LiH as example. By adjusting these parameters of TFCP, a high efficient and long-lived molecular orientation can be obtained.
Study on Determination of Trace Mercury in Chinese Herbal Medicines by Hydride Generation-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry
Authors: Pan Qing Shan , Liu Wei , Yi Ping , Huang Du Shu , Wu Na , Wang Ze Feng
Published: July 2012

A hydride atomic fluorescence spectrometry method was developed for the determination of trace mercury in Chinese herbal medicines. A digestion system using HNO3-H2O2 under high pressure was applied for the pretreatment of the samples. The operating condition of the instrument were optimized. The effect of the acid in sample solution and carrier liquid, and the effect of reducing agent KBH4 in solution to the determination of mercury were studied. Under the optimum conditions. Five kinds of Chinese herbal medicines in Yun Nan province of China was measured. There was a good linear coefficient between the fluorescent intensity and mercury concentration in the range of 0～10μg•L-1with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998,while the determination limits was 3.7ng•L-1,the relative standard deviation was 2.4%. The content of total mercury in the samples was 5.25～16.32ng•g-1 and a recovery range of 83.6%～109.2% were obtained.
The Theory Investigation of the Effect of Substitutions of –CF3 on the Properties of Ru Complex with Phenanthroline
Authors: Zhao Liang Rong , Zhang Rong Rong , Gong Shuang Mei , Li Xiao Bo , Yang Chang Ying
Published: July 2012

The Ru(phen)32+ complex forms a regular octahedron and the Ru(phen)3 unit is a nearly regular trigonal pyramid with ~90° angles. Lengths between Ru and six nitrogen atoms showed slightly different, and rather insensitive to –CF3 group substituted, as well as the oxidation. There is manifest influence of perfluoro group substitutions on the HOMO and LUMO energies and the substitution of –CF3 enhances the electron-transport abilities, as well as the complex stability. By substitution of –CF3 group show increased λ, with addition one –CF3, a.u 0.02~0.03 ev increase consequently, indicating that the –CF3 in ligand will hinder hole transport. But, the reorganization energies for these complexes are really values compared with other materials for optoelectronic devices.
Kinetic Model of Semibatch Polymerization with ABg Monomer and Bƒ Core
Authors: Zhou Zhi Ping , Wu Min Jie
Published: July 2012

The kinetics of semibatch polymerization (i.e. slow monomer addition) with ABg monomer and Bf core was developed. The analytical expressions of molecular parameters, such as the molecular size distribution function, the average degree of polymerization and polydispersity index, were derived, which dependent on the structure of monomer and core molecule used. The molecular parameters are adjustable by selecting suitable core functionality (f), monomer functionality (g) and core/monomer ratio (α). Comparison with the batch (one-pot) polymerization indicates that the semibatch polymerization can extremely narrow the molecular weight distribution for the products made of ABgmonomer and Bf core.
3D QSAR Studies on Cytotoxicity of Ent-Kauranoids against K562 Cells by CoMFA
Authors: Yi Ping , Yang Jin , Huang Du Shu
Published: July 2012

AIM: To establish the CoMFA models of the ent-kauranoids and give the theoretical basis to guide the design of the new drug. METHODS and RESULTS: The advanced 3D-QSAR method CoMFA ( comparative molecular field analysis) was used to study the ent-kauranoids on cytotoxicity in vitro agsinst k562 cells and leaded to one CoMFA models of these data. The Crossvalidated coefficient q2of one model reached 0.561, the non-crossvalidated coefficient r2was up to 0.999, standard deviation was 0.029. CONCLUSION: In the series of ent-kauranoids the CoMFA models reveal the relationship between their bioactivities and structures, these results are helpful to the further design work to find new natural drugs and lead compound with higher bioactivity.
Crystal Growth of 5-Sulfosalicylato Potassium
Authors: Li Yan Na , Lin Shu Kun
Published: July 2012

Single crystal of 5-sulfosalicylato potassium was grown by the method of slow cooling in solution. The crystal shows a good cleavability along the b axis.
Improvement of Physicochemical Properties in Dredging Areas of Dianchi Lake, China
Authors: Wang Ying , Liu Hua Ying , Zhang Wang Long , Zhao Ting Ting , Li Hui , Li Zhao Xin , Pan Xue Jun
Published: July 2012

As being a vital role affecting the water quality and stimulating the circulation of pollution in native lake, the physicochemical properties of water and the surface sediments in Dianchi Lake dredging area were investigate to determine the level of physicochemical properties of the dredging area, and to evaluate the effects of dredging project. The results showed that the physicochemical properties indicated a more seriously polluted state in Caohai. The effectiveness of dredge work in Caohai was ignorable comparing to Waihai, but it was more obvious in the sediment than in water.
Study on Fatty Acid Composition and Variation Analysis of Tung Oils in China by GC/MS
Authors: Li Mei , Xia Jian Ling , Li Shou Hai , Huang Kun , Wang Mei
Published: July 2012

To study the fatty acid composition and analysis the variation among the samples of tung oil collected from Guangxi，Chongqing, Hunan, Hubei and Guizhou Provinces of China．Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) were employed to determine the fatty acid composition of tung oil．The results show that the main composition of the tung oil in China are n-hexadecanoic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, α-octadecatrienoic acid, β-octadecatrienoic acid. Tung oil contains octadecatrienoic acid 72.56～88.59% and polyunsaturated fatty acids 80.26~92.39%. The content of octadecatrienoic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids in tung oil are different between different regions and different varieties.
Structure and Properties of Lignosulfonate with Different Molecular Weight Isolated by Gel Column Chromatography
Authors: Li Bin , Ouyang Xin Ping
Published: July 2012

The characteristics of structural and properties of four sodium lignosulfonate (LS) fractions with narrow molecular weight (Mw) distribution isolated by gel column chromatography were investigated with infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, 13C NMR analysis, fluorescence spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. LS with higher Mw possesses more aryl ring structural units and the side-chain of the structural unit is mostly composed of propanol rather than propane. With the increase of Mw of LS, the contents of sulfonic group and methoxy group decrease. The critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of LS aqueous solution was determined by fluorescence spectroscopy, which shows that the CAC of LS with higher Mw is lower, indicating that the LS molecule with low Mw is easier to aggregate. TGA results indicate that the weight loss of LS tends to be slow and the thermal stability enhances with the increase in Mw. The dispersive effect of LS with different Mw to dimethomorph suspension shows that the sediment layer thickness and index of dispersity and stability both decease with increasing Mw of LS, which indicates that LS with higher Mw has a better dispersion performance.
A Fluorescence Sensor for Cu2+ and Co2+ Based on Click-Generated Triazole Moiety
Authors: Ye Jia Hai , Duan Ling Jun , Jin Lian Lian
Published: July 2012

Abstract. The novel tetraphenylethylene (TPE) based sensor 1 bearing bis(2-pyridin-2-ylmethyl) amine (BPA) unit and BODIPY unit linked with triazole moieties could be obtained by click reaction efficiently. It was employed as a fluorescence probe for the selective recognition of Cu2+and Co2+. They form stable 1:1 stoichiometric complexes and the lowest limit of detection was 1×10-7 M.
Study on the Extraction of Ginkgo and Dyeing Tussah
Authors: Lu Sheng
Published: July 2012

In this study the natural dye was extracted from Ginkgo leaves with the ethanol solution and then the obtained dye was applied to dye tussah silk strips with direct staining methods. The best dye conditions of the tussah silk strips could be obtained when the bath ratio was 1:50, the concentration of ginkgo pigment was 10%, the temperature of dyeing was 70°C and the time of dyeing was 60 minutes. The different colors could be obtained under different experimental conditions. The color of sample which was dyed with pigment which reacted with NaOH solution was bright and yellowish green and the color of sample which was directly dyed with pigment was orange.
A New Method for Preparative Separation and Purification of Ellagic Acid Employing PH-Gradient Counter-Current Chromatography
Authors: Ding Ke , Lu Jing Jing , Wei Yun , Chen Xiang Ning
Published: July 2012

Ellagic acid is widely used as today’s functional food ingredients and health-care food supplements because of its biological activities. pH-gradient counter-current chromatography was applied to the successful separation of ellagic acid from a crude sample. The experiment was performed with a two-phase solvent system composed of methyl tert-butyl ether-butanol- acetonitrile-distilled water (4:2:3:8, v/v) where 10 mM trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was added to the upper organic stationary phase as a retainer and 10 mM ammonia to the aqueous mobile phase as an eluter. The separation of 0.6 g crude sample yielded ellagic acid at a high purity of over 98% as determined by HPLC, MS and NMR. This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.
Site Preference of Refractory Elements in Ni-Based Single-Crystal Superalloys Alloying with Ru: From First Principles
Authors: Cui Jian Jun , Sun Fei , Zhang Jian Xin
Published: July 2012

A first principles calculation method was used to investigate the site preference of Ruthenium (Ru) at the γ/γ′ interface in Ni-based single-crystal superalloys. The calculation results show that the addition of Ru can decrease the total energy and the binding energy of γ/γ′ interface, which may result in an improved microstructure stability of Ni-based single-crystal superalloys. Moreover, by calculation, it is also found that Ru can stabilize both γ and γ′ phases and have a preference for Ni site at the coherent γ/γ′ interface. When Ru substitutes the central Ni at the γ/γ′ interface, a reverse partitioning of W, Re and Cr occurs; while the partitioning behavior of Mo is not affected. The influence of Ru on the partitioning behavior of W, Re and Cr in γ′-Ni3Al was studied by Dmol3 calculation as well. The calculation results show that W, Re and Cr have a preference for Ni site in γ′- Ni3Al with Ru alloying. When Ru substitutes the central Ni atom, the site preference of W, Re and Cr varies accordingly. Furthermore, electronic structure analysis of γ/γ′ interface and γ′-Ni3Al in terms of Mulliken population and partial density of states (PDOS) was performed to understand the alloying mechanism of Ru in Ni-based single-crystal superalloys. The results show that the strengthening effect of Ru alloying is mainly due to the reduction in binding energy of Ru as well as a p-orbital hybridization between Ru and the host atoms.
Fabrication of Scattering Spheres-Embedding Three-Dimensional Ordered Macroporous Titania and Application in Dye-Sensitized Photoanode
Authors: Tao Cheng An , Wang Jian Fang , Long Yin , Lv Ya Nan , Li Guang Tao
Published: July 2012

Scattering spheres-embedding three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) titania(TiO2) was fabricated, by the route of colloidal spheres self-assembly, infiltration and template removal. The procedures of 3DOM structure preparation were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The silica@PMMA core-shell spheres were prepared and self-assembled into colloidal crystal template. Solid material was deposited in the colloidal crystal template by spin-coating of titania nanoparticle dispersions. Subsequently, the samples were heated to 400 °C to form anatase TiO2and to remove the polymer of template, which resulted in macroporous structure with a silica sphere in each lattice pore. The conventional TiO2film, 3DOM TiO2photoanodes were also fabricated. It was found that SiO2-embedding 3DOM photoanode has the higher photocurrent efficiency than both of TiO2 film and 3DOM, because there are scattering spheres in its lattice pores which enhance the light scattering and improve the light harvest of the dye.
Corrosion Inhibition Study of a Heterocyclic Schiff Base Derived from Isatin
Authors: Abdul Ghani Aliyin , Bahron Hadariah , Harun Mohamad Kamal , Kassim Karimah
Published: July 2012

A Schiff base, 3-(phenylimino)indolin-2-one, was successfully obtained from the condensation reaction of isatin and aniline in absolute ethanol with a yield of 72%. The ligand was successfully characterized via physical and spectroscopic techniques namely melting point, Elemental Analysis (C, H, N), 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The corrosion inhibiting property of the Schiff base and that of a mixture of its starting materials on mild steel in 1 M HCl solution was studied through Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR). The concentration of the Schiff base and the precursor molecules were varied from 1 x 10-3 M to 1 x 10-5 M. The results showed that the percentage of inhibition efficiencies increased with the increase of compound’s concentrations. Comparing the two sets of results for the Schiff base and the mixture of its starting materials, it was shown that the Schiff base was a much better inhibitor than the mixture of the starting materials, clearly indicating the importance of the presence of imine group (C=N) bearing lone pairs of electrons and π electrons in corrosion inhibition.
Depressions of Urinary Crystallites: A Direct Proof of Citric Acid Dissolving Calcium Oxalate Stones in Vivo
Authors: Ding Yi Ming , Xia Zhi Yue , Zhang Guang Na , Ouyang Jian Ming
Published: July 2012

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray power diffraction (XRD) and Zeta potential () analyzer were used to investigate the changes of morphology, species, crystal quantity, , and aggregation state of urinary crystallites of calcium oxalate (CaOxa) stone formers before and after taking drug potassium citrate (K3cit). Before taking K3cit the edges and corners of urinary crystallite were sharp and aggregated significantly, the main components were uric acid, calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and phosphate, etc. While after taking K3cit for one week, some of urinary crystallites became blunt, the aggregated crystallites and the species of crystallites were obviously reduced, the amount of uric acid was reduced, but the percentage of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) and the absolute value of increased. Especially crystal depressions emerged at the surface of some crystallites, which was the direct proof of K3cit dissolving CaOxastones in vivo. From the point of coordination between K3cit and Ca2+, the increase of pH and citric acid concentration excreted in urine after taking K3cit, the mechanism of how K3cit inhibit the formation of COM stones was discussed.
Adsorption Removal of Methyl Orange from Aqueous Solution by Mesoporous Al2O3
Authors: Wang Qi Ying , Chen Xiao Dong , Zhuang Jun Ta , Zhou Yun Pei , Huang Yong , Liu Zi Li
Published: July 2012

Mesoporous Al2O3 was synthesized from aluminum nitrate using different surfactants as structure-directing agents. The adsorption capability of prepared Al2O3 was studied in methyl orange solution. The Al2O3 prepared by Tween80-mediated has the best adsorption capability. The surfactant dosage influences the pore structure and adsorption capability of Al2O3, the best Tween80 dosage is 0.3g. Pore size distribution shows that the prepared Al2O3 has mesoporous structure, the pore diameter mainly centers at 1-4nm. For the inner diffusional resistance of the pore canal to achieve adsorption balance, suitable adsorption time is 80 minutes.
Synthesis and Characterization of Large Pore Size and Highly Ordered Mesoporous Molecular Sieve SBA-15
Authors: Diao Xiang
Published: July 2012

In this study, large pore size and highly ordered mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 was successfully synthesized in the acidic medium by using n-propanol as the pore-expanding agent, and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as silicon source and poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer (P123 triblock copolymer) as a template agent. The samples were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Nitrogen Adsorption-Desorption. It is found that the particles of mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 have regular morphology and ordered pore structure, and also have high specific surface area, large pore size and pore volume.