bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of soft cheese of functional orientation
Authors: Timakova Roza T. , Iliukhina Iuliia V.
Published: April 2024

Traditional soft cheese production technology is characterized by the use of one type of farm animal in the milk formulation. Introduction to the recipe of soft cheese made from raw cow’s milk, a functional ingredient of spirulina (Spirulina plantesis), rich in water-soluble vitamins and essential amino acids, and dry mare’s milk, which is close in its composition to mother’s milk, allowed us to form a new functional food product. A technological feature of the production of soft cheese recipes of a functional orientation is determined by the addition of freeze dried mare’s milk at the stage of forming a cheese clot and kneading the grain to preserve the whey protein albumin of mare’s milk, which begins to coagulate at a temperature of +60°C, and adding spirulina powder, which creates an original patternby aggregating on cheese grains. According to the results of evaluating the organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of the finished cheese, it is recommended to add 200g of spirulina. The resulting cheese is distinguished by the appearance of a delicate spicy taste with a refreshing mint flavor. There is an increase in the yield of cheese by 1.30-1.31% to 17.92-17.93% and reduced milk consumption for the production of 1 kg of cheese by 7.3%. In the samples of soft cheese produced with the addition of dry mare’s milk and spirulina, the fat content is 0.1% lower, the protein content did not change significantly, while the ratio of albumin to casein improved and the content of lactose related to bifidogenic substances increased by 0.4%. The practical significance of introducing dry mare’s milk into the formulation of soft cheese is defined by the extended application features of valuable dairy raw materials regardless of the places of development of dairy horse breeding.
Assessment of the influence of technological factors on the risk of undeclared allergens in meat products
Authors: Kryuchenko Elizaveta
Published: April 2024

Since the use of warning labels for the possible content of allergens in products, unfortunately, cannot fully protect consumers suffering from food allergies, producers must effectively manage allergens in the production of meat products at the stages of traceability «from farm to table». In the course of this study, questionnaires were developed to assess the degree of influence of factors on the risk of allergens entering meat products at the traceability stages “from farm to table” based on the Delphi method and a qualimetric scale, with the help of which a survey was conducted among employees of meat processing enterprises of the Russian Federation. Based on the results of this study, the most common food allergens used in the meat industry of the Russian Federation were identified. The key factors at the critical stages of field-to-table traceability have been identified that have a strong impact on the possibility of realizing the risk of allergens in meat products at the farm-to-table traceability stages, which will help producers to focus on the most vulnerable stages when developing an allergen management system.
Study of processing and concentration of the meat industry biotechnological raw materials
Authors: Ovsyannikov Vitaly , Klyuchnikov Andrev , Lobacheva Natalia , Klyuchnikova Dina , Voronkova Irina
Published: April 2024

The application of cold in the processes of slaughter animals blood and its components processing is considered to become more and more prospective nowadays. Therefore, a special role is given to the low-temperature concentration by blood plasma freezing, which ensures preserving the entire complex of biochemical compounds in solution to the maximum extent. The process of cattle blood plasma concentration in a continuous screw crystallizer was studied in the work. It was revealed that the maximum amount of ice is frozen out of the blood plasma at the boiling point of the refrigerant equal to minus 25…24 °C, the rotational speed of the crystallizer screw of 0.06 s-1. It was found out that an increase in the initial content of soluble compounds in the initial blood plasma contributes to an increase in the content of dry matter in the concentrated plasma. Analysis of the process of blood plasma and frozen ice centrifugal separation proved that the optimal dry matter content in a solution of molten ice equal to 0.182 % corresponds to a dry matter content in freeze-concentrated blood plasma equal to 22.34 % and a separation factor equal to 515.25.
Benzoic acid was extracted from water with heptane in a single stage HRDC extractor
Authors: Lyu Ling
Published: April 2024

The horizontal rotating disc contactor (HRDC) for extraction consisted of a mixing chamber and two settling chambers, which enabled continuous cycling of the dispersion-mass transfer-separation processes and achieved higher mass transfer efficiency compared to a single equilibrium stage. The extraction efficiency of benzoic acid/n-heptane/water system was measured by an HRDC extractor, and the two-phase concentration could be measured by spectrophotometer. The experimental results showed that the extraction efficiency of benzoic acid/n-heptane/water was 46%.
A Brief Talk on the Description Method of Residual Oil in Thick Reservoir
Authors: Li Haixu
Published: April 2024

After years of development and adjustment, YY Oilfield has entered the stage of high water-cut development. The main reservoirs are flooded seriously and the remaining oil distribution is complex. The main contradictions of reservoir development are transferred from interlayer and plane contradictions to intralayer contradictions. The heterogeneity of reservoir internal structure is the core geological factor that leads to the complicated watered-out form and residual oil distribution in the later stage of oilfield development. Taking the eastern pure oil area of XX District as the research object, this paper determines the description method of residual oil in thick reservoirs, which provides technical support for the follow-up tapping potential of thick reservoirs.
Looking for integral references for the fission cross sections in actinides above 1 MeV
Authors: Durán Ignacio , Capote Roberto , Schnabel Georg
Published: April 2024

One of the most important sources of systematic uncertainties in the evaluation of measured cross sections is the absolute normalization of every dataset, which were often performed by measuring simultaneously the reference cross-section of the standard isotope. In other experiments the shape of the cross-section spectrum is normalized using as reference the integral value in a certain energy interval taken from an evaluated library. The choice of the energy interval used as reference has been often left up to the experimentalist criteria, leading to inconsistent normalizations and hardly assessable uncertainties. In this work the experimental datasets of the (n,f) cross section of many actinides are reviewed looking for the best suited energy interval to be recommended for renormalization purposes. Using standard integration intervals, wide enough to get very low statistical uncertainties, should improve the normalization of every experimental dataset, reducing so the associated total uncertainty when making the evaluation. A common integration range from 8 to 10 MeV is proposed for the whole set of actinides needed in fission applications. This energy range, which falls between the second and the third fission-chance thresholds, is characterized by a flat behaviour of the fission cross sections.
Evaluation of nuclear data using the Half Monte Carlo technique
Authors: Andersson-Sundén Erik , Axén Tyra , Diös Olle , Göök Alf , Lindström Viktor , Sjöstrand Henrik , Wohlin Axel
Published: April 2024

The Total Monte Carlo (TMC) technique has proven to be a powerful tool to propagate uncertainties in nuclear data to the uncertainty in macroscopic quantities, such as neutron fluxes at detector positions and the criticality of reactor cores. Nuclear data uncertainties can be used to create self-consistent sets of cross-sections. Each set contains files generated by variations of nuclear model parameters to properly fit the model to the nuclear data, accounting for their uncertainty. These files are called random files. The random files reflect the covariances of the nuclear data due to the uncertainties of the nuclear physics model parameters. TMC uses particle transport codes, such as MCNP, to transport particles through arbitrarily complex geometries. Each set of random files is used in a separate transport code run. This allows for the propagation of uncertainties in nuclear data, which otherwise could be hard to account for in the transport codes. However, particle transport techniques are well-known to be computationally expensive. The Half Monte Carlo (HMC) technique uses the random files of the TMC technique but does not rely on transport codes to propagate the uncertainties of nuclear data to the uncertainty of the sought macroscopic quantity. Instead, it uses pre-calculated sensitivity matrices to calculate the difference in a macroscopic quantity, given the difference of the random files relative to the best estimate of the nuclear data evaluation. In this work, we demonstrate how to use the HMC technique to calculate the uncertainty of macroscopic quantities in integral experiments for a set of random files relative to the best nuclear data evaluation. In this paper, we demonstrate how HMC can be used to incorporate integral experiments into an automated nuclear data evaluation. After applying the Bayesian Monte Carlo method in conjunction with the HMC technique and random files of uranium-235 from the TENDL library on the Godiva experiment, we conclude that the HMC technique gives similar results to that of the TMC technique: the mean value and the standard deviation of ∆keff is -6.30 pcm and 1220 pcm, respectively.
Towards a Bayesian evaluation technique for light nuclear systems
Authors: Leeb Helmut , Srdinko Thomas
Published: April 2024

A quantitatively reliable knowledge of several reaction cross sections of light nuclear systems is an important prerequisite for developments in nuclear technology, but also for several fields of science. At present the situation of evaluated reaction cross section data of light nuclei is not fully satisfactory because most are exclusively based on experimental data and thus limited in energy and included reaction channels. The main reason is the absence of a quantitatively reliable (semi-)microscopic description of reactions in light nuclear systems with predictive power. Therefore, for these systems R-matrix analyses are widely performed to describe reaction data. Frequently the corresponding data sets are either incomplete or contain dominant breakup channels which cannot be described by standard R-matrix theory. In this contribution we treat the occurence of a dominant breakup channel within a reduced R-matrix analysis. Furthermore, with regard to a proper evaluation the generation of a prior associated with an R-matrix analysis is suggested which allows to determine an evaluation based on a Bayesian update procedure. A first test of a Bayesian update for n+9Be reactions at low energies is presented.
Study of (n,2n) reaction cross section of fission product based on neural network and decision tree models
Authors: Sun Xiaodong , Wei Zihao , Wang Duan , Xu Ruirui , Tian Yuan , Tao Xi , Zhang Yingxun , Zhang Yue , Zhang Zhi , Ge Zhigang , Wang Jimin , Xia Houqiong , Shu Nengchuan
Published: April 2024

The neutron induced nuclear reaction cross sections of fission products are related with the neutron fiux and the reactor burnup, which are important for the accurate of nuclear engineering design. To predict the (n,2n) reaction cross section, especially those lack of experimental measurements, we analyzed the relevant features and establish the experimental data set on the basis of sorting out the experimental data recorded in EXFOR library. The back propagation artificial neural network (ANN) and decision tree (DT) models are built to learn the experimental data set, respectively, adopting PyTorch and XGBOOST toolboxes. we report that machine learning models are applied to analysis and predicate (n,2n) reaction cross section.
Assesment of covariance processing with GAIA for nuclear data uncertainty propagation
Authors: Sole Pierre , Jaiswal Vaibhav , Jouanne Cédric , Salino Vivian
Published: April 2024

Nuclear data uncertainties are provided as covariance matrices in standard nuclear data libraries and propagating them trough neutronics simulations helps quantify the associated uncertainties on the final result. However, processing these matrices often poses challenges. Currently, the IRSN nuclear data processing code GAIA processes cross sections via several modules like DOP (Reconstruction and Doppler), TOP (URR), and SAB (TSL), but lacks the capability to process covariances. This paper introduces a new module named COP (COvariance Processing). The COP module aims to process covariance matrices comprehensively, including cross section (File 33), angular distribution (File 34), and resonance parameters (File 32). The preliminary results obtained using the COP module of GAIA in comparison with the ERRORR module of NJOY and PUFF module of AMPX are presented.
Integrated, Automated, and Reproducible Nuclear Data Processing at the NEA
Authors: Foligno Daniela , Holcomb Andrew , Fleming Michael
Published: April 2024

Ensuring data preservation is a top priority for the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Data Bank. Within this context, “preserving data” encompasses activities such as verifying, processing, sharing, improving, and storing the data. The NEA aims to automate these processes to the greatest extent possible, with the goal of providing the JEFF community with reproducible, high-quality data. To achieve this, the Data Bank has chosen to utilize GitLab, a web-based distributed Version Control System that facilitates the collaboration of different users. The author will present the current progress of the NEA pipeline, an ongoing collaborative initiative aimed at standardizing the processing, verification, and validation of nuclear data.
Approche pédagogique pour l’étude d’autoconsommation photovoltaïque au niveau Master avec utilisation de l’API de SolarIO en langage Python
Authors: Graillet Olivia , Alicalapa Frédéric , de Peslouan Pierre-Olivier Lucas , Genon-Catalot Denis , Chabriat Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2024

L’île de La Réunion, qui fait partie des Zones Non Interconnectées (ZNI), dépend actuellement à 62% des importations d’énergies fossiles pour la production d’électricité. Afin de contribuer à son autonomie énergétique, il est nécessaire de développer les sources d’énergies renouvelables locales. Dans ce contexte, l’unité de recherche ENERGY-Lab et la Faculté des Sciences et Technologies de l’Université de La Réunion proposent le cursus « Master Energie ». L’un des objectifs du Master est de permettre aux étudiants d’acquérir des compétences pouvant répondre aux problématiques énergétiques actuelles. A La Réunion, le secteur des installations photovoltaïques est particulièrement actif en raison d’un fort potentiel solaire, lié à son climat subtropical. La démarche pédagogique présentée dans ce document est ainsi composée d’activités en lien avec l’optimisation de l’autoconsommation d’une centrale photovoltaïque : établir un plan de sobriété énergétique, affiner la précision du dimensionnement de la centrale PV et simuler des flux de puissances. Les différents outils et technologies utilisés (tableurs, programmation Python et G LabVIEW, API, bases de données) ont été choisis pour s’adapter à la fois à un contexte scientifique et industriel.
Using sunRunner3D to interpret the global structure of the heliosphere from in situ measurements
Authors: González-Avilés José Juan , Riley Pete , Ben-Nun Michal , Mayank Prateek , Vaidya Bhargav
Published: April 2024

Understanding the large-scale three-dimensional structure of the inner heliosphere, while important in its own right, is crucial for space weather applications, such as forecasting the time of arrival and propagation of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). This study uses sunRunner3D (3D), a 3-D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model, to simulate solar wind (SW) streams and generate background states. SR3D employs the boundary conditions generated by corona-heliosphere (CORHEL) and the PLUTO code to compute the plasma properties of the SW with the MHD approximation up to 1.1 AU in the inner heliosphere. We demonstrate that SR3D reproduces global features of corotating interaction regions (CIRs) observed by Earth-based spacecraft (OMNI) and the Solar Terrestial Relations Observatory (STEREO)-A for a set of Carrington rotations (CRs) that cover a period that lays in the late declining phase of solar cycle 24. Additionally, we demonstrate that the model solutions are valid in the corotating and inertial frames of references. Moreover, a comparison between SR3D simulations and in situ measurements shows reasonable agreement with the observations, and our results are comparable to those achieved by Predictive Science Inc.’s Magnetohydrodynamic Algorithm outside a Sphere (MAS) code. We have also undertaken a comparative analysis with the Space Weather Adaptive Simulation Framework for Solar Wind (SWASTi-SW), a PLUTO physics-based model, to evaluate the precision of various initial boundary conditions. Finally, we discuss the disparities in the solutions derived from inertial and rotating frames.
Terahertz magnon excitation in antiferromagnetic domain walls based on mass-energy equivalence
Authors: Ge Xu , Yan Peng , Luo Wei , Liang Shiheng , Zhang Yue
Published: April 2024

The theory of special relativity is one of the most significant achievements in modern physics, with several important predictions such as time dilation, size contraction for a moving object, and mass-energy equivalence. Recent studies have demonstrated size contraction for an antiferromagnetic (AFM) domain wall (DW). Here, we show the excitation of terahertz (THz) magnons from a moving AFM DW under the magnetic anisotropy energy gradient. The energy of magnons comes from the loss of the effective DW mass due to the reduction in anisotropy energy. Also, the excitation of THz magnons is accompanied by a DW width broadening, overcoming the Lorentz contraction effect. Our results pave the way to study relativistic physics in AFM textures and to efficiently generate THz magnons by DC electric means.
Quantifying the potential of cascade outbreaks via early infected nodes using network percolation
Authors: Li Xin , Li Huichun , Zhang Xue , Zhao Chengli , Duan Xiaojun
Published: April 2024

In many fields, accurate prediction of cascade outbreaks during their early stages of propagation is of paramount importance. Based on percolation theory, we propose a global propagation probability algorithm that effectively estimates the probability of information spreading from source nodes to the giant component. Building on this, we further introduce an early prediction method for cascade outbreaks, which provides quantitative predictions of both the probability and scope of cascade outbreaks by fully considering the network structure data and propagation dynamics. Through our research, we observe that cascade outbreaks resemble a phase transition. When approaching the critical point of an outbreak, a few specific activating nodes typically facilitate the transmission of information throughout the entire network, thus enabling early inference of a cascading outbreak. To validate our findings, we conducted experiments on diverse network structures using a classical propagation model and applied our proposed method to analyze a real microblog cascade dataset. The experimental results robustly demonstrate the superiority of our approach over baseline methods in terms of effectively predicting cascade outbreaks with high precision and early detection capability.
Laser-to-proton conversion efficiency studies for proton fast ignition
Authors: Kemp A. J. , Wilks S. C. , Tabak M.
Published: April 2024

We assess the conversion efficiency from intense picosecond laser pulses to multi-MeV ion beams for a wide range of laser and target parameters, using 2D kinetic particle-in-cell simulations. Scalings are addressed in a quasi-one-dimensional geometry, leaving out beam divergence. Then, we study the conversion efficiency into a narrow spatial band along the laser axis for flat and hemispherical targets in large-scale 2D simulations. Combining these findings allows us to calculate the energy requirements for ignition of a compressed ICF target with an intense proton beam in a fast-ignition scenario.
Local momentum balance in electromagnetic gyrokinetic systems
Authors: Sugama H.
Published: April 2024

The Eulerian variational formulation is presented to obtain governing equations of the electromagnetic turbulent gyrokinetic system. A local momentum balance in the system is derived from the invariance of the Lagrangian of the system under an arbitrary spatial coordinate transformation by extending the previous work [H. Sugama et al., Phys. Plasmas 28, 022312 (2021)]. Polarization and magnetization due to finite gyroradii and electromagnetic microturbulence are correctly described by the gyrokinetic Poisson equation and Ampère's law which are derived from the variational principle. Also shown is how the momentum balance is influenced by including collisions and external sources. Momentum transport due to collisions and turbulence is represented by a symmetric pressure tensor, which originates in a variational derivative of the Lagrangian with respect to the metric tensor. The relations of the axisymmetry and quasi-axisymmetry of the toroidal background magnetic field to a conservation form of the local momentum balance equation are clarified. In addition, an ensemble-averaged total momentum balance equation is shown to take the conservation form even in the background field with no symmetry when a constraint condition representing the macroscopic Ampère's law is imposed on the background field. Using the WKB representation, the ensemble-averaged pressure tensor due to the microturbulence is expressed in detail and it is verified to reproduce the toroidal momentum transport derived in previous works for axisymmetric systems. The local momentum balance equation and the pressure tensor obtained in this work present a useful reference for elaborate gyrokinetic simulation studies of momentum transport processes.
Kinetics of dissociative congruent evaporation based on the transition state theory
Authors: Inada Shiori , Hama Tetsuya , Tachibana Shogo
Published: April 2024

Non-transition metal oxides, including major minerals of the early Solar System, are known to evaporate decomposing into multiple gas molecules, while maintaining their stoichiometric compositions (dissociative congruent evaporation). Here, we derived the absolute rate of this type of evaporation using the transition state theory. In our modified transition state theory, the activation energy closely corresponds to the average energy of the molecules at the transition state, reflecting the degree of decomposition at the potential energy barrier along the reaction coordinate of evaporation. By comparing the theoretical and experimental evaporation rates for the reaction MgO (s) → Mg (g) + O (g), we found that there is an activation barrier close to the product side (i.e., “late” barrier) where the decomposition is almost achieved. The present theory is advantageous to the Hertz–Knudsen equation, which is essentially formulated as the evaporation rate in equilibrium based on the detailed balance, in that it describes dissociative congruent evaporation as a non-equilibrium process and thus provides the link between the experiments and the reaction dynamics.
Painting Taylor vortices with cellulose nanocrystals: Suspension flow supercritical spectral dynamics
Authors: Ghanbari Reza , Pashazadeh Sajjad , Sekar Kesavan , Nygård Kim , Terry Ann , Liebi Marianne , Matic Aleksandar , Kádár Roland
Published: April 2024

We study the flow stability and spatiotemporal spectral dynamics of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspensions in a custom Taylor–Couette flow cell using the intrinsic shear induced birefringence and liquid crystalline properties of CNC suspensions for flow visualizations, for the first time. The analysis is performed at constant ramped speed inputs of the independently rotating cylinders for several cases ranging from only inner or outer rotating cylinders to three counter-rotation cases. All CNC suspensions have measurable elasticity and shear thinning, both increasing with CNC concentration. We show that the flow patterns recorded are essentially Newtonian-like, with non-Newtonian effects ranging from a decrease in wavenumbers to altering the critical parameters for the onset of instability modes. Outer cylinder rotation flow cases are stable for all concentrations whereas inner cylinder rotation flow cases transition to axisymmetric and azimuthally periodic secondary flows. However, counter-rotation cases become unstable to asymmetric spiral modes. With increasing CNC concentration, a counter-rotation case was found where azimuthally periodic wavy patterns transition to asymmetric spiral modes. Based on rheo-SAXS measurements, the shear-thinning region of CNC suspensions is expected to lead to the breakdown of the chiral nematic phase, whose elastic constants constitute the dominant structural elasticity mechanism. Thus, we interpret the Taylor–Couette stability of the CNC suspensions as dominated by their shear-thinning character due to the expected loss of elasticity in nonlinear flow conditions.
On the laminar wake of curved plates
Authors: Murali Damu , S. Ajith Kumar , Ajithkumar R.
Published: April 2024

Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effect of the Reynolds number (Re) on flow over curved plates. Concave and convex plates, obtained by introducing curvature on a flat plate, are analyzed in the Reynolds number range 0.1 ≤Re≤ 120. It is observed that for a concave plate, the separation point is dependent on Re, while for a convex plate, the flow separates from the outermost tips for all Reynolds numbers. The analysis of time-averaged quantities reveals that concave and convex plates behave differently for the same Reynolds number. In the steady flow regime, visualization of streamlines reveals the presence of a recirculation bubble on the front side of the concave plate, even for the lowest Reynolds number (Re = 0.1). However, at higher Reynolds numbers (Re = 110, 120), the near wake of concave plate witnesses secondary and tertiary recirculating entities. The present simulations also report the unique phenomenon of vortex realignment and divergence of vortex street in the wake of a concave plate. For a convex plate, the vortex realignment is followed by the movement of upper and lower vortices as two parallel vortex streets. The existence of multiple instabilities is another highlight in the near and far wakes of the concave plate, some of which arise due to the secondary vortex interactions. A comprehensive analysis further reveals a handful of novel phenomenal occurrences in the wake of concave surfaces.
On the physical vacuum free boundary problem of the 1D shallow water equations coupled with the Poisson equation
Authors: Li Kelin , Wang Yuexun
Published: April 2024

This paper is concerned with the vacuum free boundary problem of the 1D shallow water equations coupled with the Poisson equation. We establish the local-in-time well-posedness of classical solutions to this system, and the solutions possess higher-order regularity all the way to the vacuum free boundary, though the density degenerates near the vacuum boundary. To deal with the force term generated by the Poisson equation, we make use of the structure of the momentum equation formulated in a fixed domain by the Lagrangian coordinates. The proof is built on some higher-order weighted energy functionals and weighted embeddings corresponding to the degeneracy near the initial vacuum boundary.
Thermocapillary migration of pendant droplets
Authors: Perazzo Carlos A. , Mansilla R. A. , Gomba J. M.
Published: April 2024

The study focuses on the numerical evolution of a droplet, which hangs from a horizontal plane and moves due to thermocapillary effects. It is assumed that the liquid completely wets the substrate, that the surface tension of the liquid decreases linearly with temperature, that the imposed thermal gradient on the substrate is uniform, and that heat transport within the droplet is such that the temperature of its surface replicates that of the substrate. These assumptions, along with the lubrication approximation, allow for obtaining a differential equation that governs the evolution of the droplet. By introducing appropriate scales, this equation has a single dimensionless parameter, which expresses the ratio of gravitational to thermocapillary forces. Numerical solutions show that at sufficiently large volumes or weak thermal gradients, the droplet moves while maintaining a steady, slightly decreasing its volume, and leaving behind a tail whose width is uniform. By contrast, if the droplet is small or the thermal gradient is strong, it advances and stretches in the direction of movement.
Alpha particle distribution for full energy region
Authors: Zhang Dongxiao , Wang Xinyu , Dong Chao , Bao Jian , Cao Jintao , Zhang Wenlu , Li Ding
Published: April 2024

The alpha particle distribution in the full energy region is studied in this work. The Fokker–Planck equation near the equilibrium state is analytically solved using an iteration method for alpha particles. The resulting distribution includes the Maxwellian part, the modified slowing down part, and the high energy tail part. The analytical results align with the conventional slowing down distribution in the high energy region vα>0.2vb and the Maxwellian distribution in the low energy region vα<0.1vb, where vα is the alpha particle velocity and vb is the birth velocity of alpha particles. In the range of 0.1vb<vα<0.2vb, the distribution is described by the sum of the Maxwellian part and modified slowing down part. Turbulent transport effects on the alpha particle distribution are studied through introducing a local sink term. A simplified analytical solution is provided, and the bump-on-tail distribution is observed under appropriate parameters. In both cases with and without transport effects, the Fokker–Planck equation is numerically solved. It is shown that the full temporal evolution of the system can be divided into three stages: the slowing down stage, thermalization stage, and quasi-steady state stage. The numerically obtained alpha particle distribution in the quasi-steady state stage agrees well with the theoretical results.
Role of chirp in electron emission from liquid droplet microplasma
Authors: Khanna Sonali , Sabui Ratul , Mondal Angana , Trines R. M. G. M. , Robinson A. P. L. , Gopal Ram , Krishnamurthy M.
Published: April 2024

Electron emission from microdroplets subjected to a distortion in its spherical shape by a pre-pulse is studied, especially to decipher the role of chirp in the laser pulse. While there are some noticeable differences in the spectral shape with sign of the chirp, the change in the average electron energy is small. Increase in the pulse width diminishes the electron emission propensity and also the average electron energy. Analytical formalism on the two-plasmon decay instability identified to be responsible for the electron emission provides insight to explain the measurements. Electron emission computed by 2D particle-in-cell simulations for these experiments compares very well with the measurements.
Time-dependent localized patterns in a predator-prey model
Authors: Al Saadi Fahad , Knobloch Edgar , Nelson Mark , Uecker Hannes
Published: April 2024

Numerical continuation is used to compute solution branches in a two-component reaction-diffusion model of Leslie–Gower type. Two regimes are studied in detail. In the first, the homogeneous state loses stability to supercritical spatially uniform oscillations, followed by a subcritical steady state bifurcation of Turing type. The latter leads to spatially localized states embedded in an oscillating background that bifurcate from snaking branches of localized steady states. Using two-parameter continuation, we uncover a novel mechanism whereby disconnected segments of oscillatory states zip up into a continuous snaking branch of time-periodic localized states, some of which are stable. In the second, the homogeneous state loses stability to supercritical Turing patterns, but steady spatially localized states embedded either in the homogeneous state or in a small amplitude Turing state are nevertheless present. We show that such behavior is possible when sideband Turing states are strongly subcritical and explain why this is so in the present model. In both cases, the observed behavior differs significantly from that expected on the basis of a supercritical primary bifurcation.
Magnetically driven molecular orientational ordering in plastic crystals: The case of d-camphor
Authors: Zhao Miao Miao , Du Na , Zhu Yu Ying , Yen Fei
Published: April 2024

Many solid crystals exhibit a structural phase transition where a subset of its ions or entire molecules become orientationally ordered. As to why such ordering occurs remains mostly unresolved. We consider the extremely weak magnetic elements arising from the reorientations of the molecules experiencing mutual resonance to play the chief role. Two new features are identified in d-camphor: (1) the magnetic susceptibility abruptly changes when crossing the order–disorder phase transition at TII–III = 239.8 K during cooling and at TIII–II = 245.2 K during warming and (2) the complex dielectric constant exhibits two successive discontinuities only 0.2 K apart near the critical temperatures when the sweeping rate is only 0.1 K/min. We discuss how the change in entropy associated with order–disorder transitions in plastic crystals represents temporal changes rather than spatial changes in the system. Our findings may be extended to study why many other crystalline solids exhibit orientational ordering and irreversibility.
An open simulation model for terahertz wave transmission in plasma
Authors: Sun Jinhai , Zhao Yarui , Yin Hongcheng , Ding Hongbin
Published: April 2024

A finite element simulation model of terahertz wave propagation in plasma is developed. The equivalence of treating the plasma as a dielectric and an electrical conductor is studied in comparison. The propagation characteristics of terahertz waves in a unmagnetized plasma obtained from experimental measurements or simulations are simulated by interpolating the distribution of key parameters such as electron density and collision frequency of the external plasma. The validity of this open simulation model is verified by using the simulation data of plasma electron density generated by the independent electrochemical plasma generation model as external data. Using this model as a research tool, the propagation characteristics of terahertz waves in plasma measured by laser Thomson scattering are studied. The simulation results of the terahertz wave propagation characteristics in the plasma with and without considering the collision frequency are compared by this model. The terahertz transmission model in plasma can be used to study the propagation characteristics of terahertz waves in various inhomogeneous plasmas, which would be helpful to solve the communication “blackout” problem.
Kinetic theory of island geodesic acoustic mode
Authors: Choi G. J.
Published: April 2024

We present a gyrokinetic theory of long-term collisionless damping of a self-generated monopolar E × B vortex flow in a tokamak magnetic island. By an explicit analytic calculation in the central island region, we show that the magnetic precession-induced coupling of the monopolar vortex to the island geodesic acoustic mode (IGAM) results in long-term oscillatory damping. Our theory reveals that IGAM is qualitatively different from both GAM and a sound wave. The IGAM signal can be utilized as an indicator of the turbulence invasion into the tokamak magnetic island.
Microscopic dynamics of gas molecules confined in porous channel-like ice structure
Authors: del Rosso L. , Colognesi D. , Donati A. , Rudić S. , Celli M.
Published: April 2024

In the rich ice polymorphism landscape, ice XVII, metastable at ambient pressure and at temperatures below 130 K, is surely one of the most interesting from both fundamental and technological perspectives due to its porosity, i.e., its capability to repeatedly absorb and desorb molecular hydrogen by dosing the gas at pressures even below the ambient one. Here, owing to this exceptional key feature, we investigate the roto-vibrational dynamics of the H2 molecules trapped in the fully deuterated ice XVII structure. Making use of the high-resolution and brilliance of the TOSCA neutron vibrational spectrometer, combined with high-resolution Raman data, we are able to efficiently distinguish the center-of-mass translational bands from the rotational ones and to study them as a function of the guest filling of the ice structure, unraveling a peculiar behavior for the confined particle in a low-dimensional system. Moreover, we also report the study of the microscopic dynamics of confined nitrogen and oxygen, which are the most abundant molecular species in the atmosphere and are of paramount interest for technological applications. Finally, we show that the ice XVII porosity is a unique feature, especially in the low pressure regime, within the emptied-hydrate phases discovered to date.
Feedback flow control on a plunging circular cylinder
Authors: Lin Ching-Te , Tsai Hsieh-Chen
Published: April 2024

In this study, closed-loop flow control is implemented in order to attenuate the lift fluctuation of a circular cylinder oscillating harmonically in a uniform stream. Through the numerical simulation of the incompressible flow around the oscillating cylinder, a time-invariant base flow is obtained by averaging the flow over time to linearize the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in the cylinder-fixed frame. A resolvent-analysis-based model derived from the linearized equations is used to design two linear feedback control schemes. First, the loop-shaping method is adopted to design a robust controller that maximizes the stability margin and rejects the disturbance imposed by the periodic boundary condition. The simulation shows this control scheme can reduce the lift fluctuation by 3.3%. Furthermore, the model reference adaptive control is introduced to deal with the time-varying linear plant due to the addition of the controller. A direct approach of this control is adopted to directly update the time-varying adaptive control gains. The results show that the adaptive controller successfully reduces lift fluctuation by 19.7%.
Optical realization of magneto-intersubband oscillations
Authors: Savchenko M. L. , Bykov A. A. , Shuvaev A. , Bakarov A. K. , Pimenov A. , Raichev O. E.
Published: April 2024

We report on the optical realization of the magneto-intersubband oscillations that have been measured in the sub-terahertz transmittance of a GaAs quantum well with two subbands occupied. Following their dc analogue, the oscillations are periodic in the inverse magnetic field with the period governed by the subband gap. Their magnitude and polarization dependence accurately follow the presented simplified version of the dynamic magneto-intersubband oscillations equation that naturally combines dc magneto-intersubband oscillations with microwave-induced resistance oscillations. Simultaneously measured photoresistance also reveals its strong sensitivity to the sign of the circular polarization, proving the used theoretical modeling.
Qualitatively and quantitatively predicting the front velocity in binary reactive systems
Authors: Schwarz Fabian , Spolenak Ralph
Published: April 2024

Reactive multilayer systems, due to their fast and highly localized heat release, are widely applied in various technologies. To tailor their properties to specific applications, there is still a lot of ongoing research on the engineering and prediction of their reaction properties. In this work, the focus is going beyond multilayers to binary Al/Ni reactive systems. Based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, two crucial geometrical parameters that have the biggest influence on the front velocity are identified. The fraction of interfaces and the fraction of premixed interalayers at the Al–Ni interfaces allow for a qualitative comparison of various binary reactive systems. Beyond that, based on the two parameters, a simple analytical model to predict the front velocity, which is also compatible with existing models for multilayers, is developed. It is shown to be suitable to describe both results from MD simulations and experimental results. Furthermore, it is used to predict the front velocities of Ni nanoparticles in an Al matrix as well as interpenetrating Al–Ni networks.
Identification and analysis of MATE protein family in Gleditsia sinensis
Authors: Mu Zisiye , Liang Zhun , Yang Jing , Wei Shixiang , Zhao Yang , Zhou Heying
Published: April 2024

Many studies have shown that multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) is a new secondary transporter family that plays a key role in secondary metabolite transport, the transport of plant hormones and disease resistance in plants. However, detailed information on this family in Gleditsia sinensis has not yet been reported. In the present study, a total of 45 GsMATE protein members were identified and analysed in detail, including with gene classification, phylogenetic evaluation and conserved motif determination. Phylogenetic analysis showed that GsMATE proteins were divided into six subfamilies. Additionally, in order to understand these members’ regulatory roles in growth and development in G. sinensis, the GsMATEs expression profiles in different tissues and different developmental stages of thorn were examined in transcriptome data. The results of this study demonstrated that the expression of all MATE genes varies in roots, stems and leaves. Notably, the expression levels of GsMATE26, GsMATE32 and GsMATE43 differ most in the early stages of thorn development, peaking at higher levels than in later stages. Our results provide a foundation for further functional characterisation of this important class of transporter family in G. sinensis.
Lipoarabinomannan modification as a source of phenotypic heterogeneity in host-adapted
Mycobacterium abscessus
isolates
Authors: De Kavita , Belardinelli Juan M. , Pandurangan Arun Prasad , Ehianeta Teddy , Lian Elena , Palčeková Zuzana , Lam Ha , Gonzalez-Juarrero Mercedes , Bryant Josephine M. , Blundell Tom L. , Parkhill Julian , Floto R. Andres , Lowary Todd L. , Wheat William H. , Jackson Mary
Published: April 2024

Mycobacterium abscessus
is increasingly recognized as the causative agent of chronic pulmonary infections in humans. One of the genes found to be under strong evolutionary pressure during adaptation of
M. abscessus
to the human lung is
embC
which encodes an arabinosyltransferase required for the biosynthesis of the cell envelope lipoglycan, lipoarabinomannan (LAM). To assess the impact of patient-derived
embC
mutations on the physiology and virulence of
M. abscessus
, mutations were introduced in the isogenic background of
M. abscessus
ATCC 19977 and the resulting strains probed for phenotypic changes in a variety of in vitro and host cell-based assays relevant to infection. We show that patient-derived mutational variations in EmbC result in an unexpectedly large number of changes in the physiology of
M. abscessus,
and its interactions with innate immune cells. Not only did the mutants produce previously unknown forms of LAM with a truncated arabinan domain and 3-linked oligomannoside chains, they also displayed significantly altered cording, sliding motility, and biofilm-forming capacities. The mutants further differed from wild-type
M. abscessus
in their ability to replicate and induce inflammatory responses in human monocyte–derived macrophages and epithelial cells. The fact that different
embC
mutations were associated with distinct physiologic and pathogenic outcomes indicates that structural alterations in LAM caused by nonsynonymous nucleotide polymorphisms in
embC
may be a rapid, one-step, way for
M. abscessus
to generate broad-spectrum diversity beneficial to survival within the heterogeneous and constantly evolving environment of the infected human airway.
The Combined Effect of Spin-Transfer Torque and Voltage-Controlled Strain Gradient on Magnetic Domain-Wall Dynamics: Toward Tunable Spintronic Neuron
Authors: Yu 郁 Guo-Liang 国良 , He 何 Xin-Yan 鑫岩 , Shi 施 Sheng-Bin 胜宾 , Qiu 邱 Yang 阳 , Zhu 朱 Ming-Min 明敏 , Wang 王 Jia-Wei 嘉维 , Li 李 Yan 燕 , Li 李 Yuan-Xun 元勋 , Wang 王 Jie 杰 , Zhou 周 Hao-Miao 浩淼
Published: April 2024

Magnetic domain wall (DW), as one of the promising information carriers in spintronic devices, have been widely investigated owing to its nonlinear dynamics and tunable properties. Here, we theoretically and numerically demonstrate the DW dynamics driven by the synergistic interaction between current-induced spin-transfer torque (STT) and voltage-controlled strain gradient (VCSG) in multiferroic heterostructures. Through electromechanical and micromagnetic simulations, we show that a desirable strain gradient can be created and it further modulates the equilibrium position and velocity of the current-driven DW motion. Meanwhile, an analytical Thiele’s model is developed to describe the steady motion of DW and the analytical results are quite consistent with the simulation data. Finally, we find that this combination effect can be leveraged to design DW-based biological neurons where the synergistic interaction between STT and VCSG-driven DW motion as integrating and leaking motivates mimicking leaky-integrate-and-fire (LIF) and self-reset function. Importantly, the firing response of the LIF neuron can be efficiently modulated, facilitating the exploration of tunable activation function generators, which can further help improve the computational capability of the neuromorphic system.
On the covariant formulation of gauge theories with boundaries
Authors: Assanioussi Mehdi , Kowalski-Glikman Jerzy , Mäkinen Ilkka , Varrin Ludovic
Published: April 2024

In the present article, we review the classical covariant formulation of Yang–Mills theory and general relativity in the presence of spacetime boundaries, focusing mainly on the derivation of the presymplectic forms and their properties. We further revisit the introduction of the edge modes and the conditions which justify them, in the context where only field-independent gauge transformations are considered. We particularly show that the presence of edge modes is not justified by gauge invariance of the presymplectic form, but rather by the condition that the presymplectic form is degenerate on the initial field space, which allows to relate this presymplectic form to the symplectic form on the gauge reduced field space via pullback.