bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fine-grained interplanetary dust input during the Turonian (Late Cretaceous): evidence from osmium isotope and platinum group elements
Authors: Matsumoto Hironao , Ishikawa Akira , Coccioni Rodolfo , Frontalini Fabrizio , Suzuki Katsuhiko
Published: December 2023

The Turonian age (~ 90–94 Ma) was the hottest geological interval in the Cretaceous and also marked by the K3 event, a pronounced enrichment of 3He in pelagic sediments (i.e., massive input of extraterrestrial materials). Here, we present Os isotopic (187Os/188Os) and platinum group element (PGE) data from Turonian sedimentary records. After a sharp unradiogenic shift during the end-Cenomanian oceanic anoxic event 2, the 187Os/188Os ratios declined continuously throughout the Turonian, which could be ascribed to the formations of several large igneous provinces (LIPs). Because the interval with the most unradiogenic 187Os/188Os ratios (i.e., enhanced LIP volcanism) does not correspond to the warmest interval during the mid-Cretaceous, additional sources of CO2, such as subduction zone volcanism or the kimberlite formation, may explain the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum. As Os isotope ratios do not show any sharp unradiogenic shifts and PGE concentrations do not exhibit a pronounced enrichment, an influx of fine-grained cosmic dust to the Earth’s surface, possibly from the long-period comet showers, can be inferred at the time of the 3He enrichment during the mid-Turonian K3 event. Our findings highlight the different behaviors of 3He and PGE information in the sedimentary rocks during the input of fined-grained extraterrestrial materials.
Accuracy of physician and nurse predictions for 28-day prognosis in ICU: a single center prospective study
Authors: Huang Yanxia , Zhang Renjing , Deng Yunxin , Meng Mei
Published: December 2023

The proportion of correctly predicted prognoses and factors associated with prediction accuracy are unknown. The objective of this study was to explore the accuracy of physician and nurse predictions of 28-day mortality in the ICU. This was a prospective observational single-center study. All medical staff in the ICU have access to patient data, can communicate with patients or clients, and can independently predict the prognosis of patients within 24 h of patient admission. The only question of the questionnaire survey was: What is the patient’s outcome on day 28 (alive or death)? There were 2155 questionnaires completed by 18 physicians and 1916 submitted by 15 nurses. In the 312 patients included, the 28-day mortality rates were predicted by physicians and nurses. The overall proportion of correct prognosis prediction was 90.1% for physicians and 64.4% for nurses (P = 0.000). There was no significant difference in the overall correct proportion and average correct proportion among physicians with different seniority levels. The overall correct proportion and average correct proportion increased among nurses with seniority. Physicians in the ICU can moderately predict 28-day mortality in critically ill patients. Nurses with a seniority of less than 10 years in ICU cannot accurately predict 28-day mortality in critically ill patients. However, the accuracy of nurses’ prediction of patients’ 28-day prognosis increased with their seniority in the ICU.
Diagnosing callous-unemotional personality traits by heart rate orienting responses to images inducing threat and distress
Authors: Schulter Günter , Milek Beatrice , Lackner Helmut Karl , Weber Bernhard , Fink Andreas , Rominger Christian , Perchtold-Stefan Corinna , Papousek Ilona
Published: December 2023

The present study aimed at developing a rather easily applicable method of testing physiological reactions to images of threats and misery. To this end, rapid-changing, transient heart rate orienting responses were used for gaining physiologically based, objective responses to the images. Additionally, subjective ratings were obtained. A significant insensitivity to other's welfare and well-being was already demonstrated as a core feature of callous-unemotional personalities. Thus, physiologically based methods may supplement and possibly improve existing assessments and, in particular, may contribute to a multimodal assessment of psychopathic traits. Out of a non-forensic community sample of 122 men, we selected two extreme groups of 30 participants with the lowest and highest callous-unemotional traits respectively, ascertained by questionnaires. As expected, participants with higher scores of callous-unemotional traits showed smaller responses to distress cues in both heart rate responses and subjective ratings. Moreover, within the group with high callous-unemotional traits heart rate responses to threatening as well as distress cues did not significantly differ from responses to neutral pictures. The study provides further evidence for the idea that a lack of responsiveness to distress cues may be seen as a central feature of callous-unemotional personalities.
Heavy-chain antibody targeting of CD38 NAD+ hydrolase ectoenzyme to prevent fibrosis in multiple organs
Authors: Shi Bo , Amin Asif , Dalvi Pranjali , Wang Wenxia , Lukacs Nicholas , Kai Li , Cheresh Paul , Peclat Thais R. , Chini Claudia C. , Chini Eduardo N. , van Schooten Wim , Varga John
Published: December 2023

The functionally pleiotropic ectoenzyme CD38 is a glycohydrolase widely expressed on immune and non-hematopoietic cells. By converting NAD+ to ADP-ribose and nicotinamide, CD38 governs organismal NAD+ homeostasis and the activity of NAD+-dependent cellular enzymes. CD38 has emerged as a major driver of age-related NAD+ decline underlying adverse metabolic states, frailty and reduced health span. CD38 is upregulated in systemic sclerosis (SSc), a chronic disease characterized by fibrosis in multiple organs. We sought to test the hypothesis that inhibition of the CD38 ecto-enzymatic activity using a heavy-chain monoclonal antibody Ab68 will, via augmenting organismal NAD+, prevent fibrosis in a mouse model of SSc characterized by NAD+ depletion. Here we show that treatment of mice with a non-cytotoxic heavy-chain antibody that selectively inhibits CD38 ectoenzyme resulted in NAD+ boosting that was associated with significant protection from fibrosis in multiple organs. These findings suggest that targeted inhibition of CD38 ecto-enzymatic activity could be a potential pharmacological approach for SSc fibrosis treatment.
Multiple sclerosis susceptibility may be associated with the coding rs20541 (R130Q) IL-13 gene polymorphism in the Polish population
Authors: Grunwald Cezary , Adamska-Patruno Edyta , Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek Natalia , Czarnowska Agata , Snarska Katarzyna , Dardzińska-Głębocka Agnieszka , Kapica-Topczewska Katarzyna , Mirończuk Anna , Bazylewicz Marcin , Kochanowicz Jan , Krętowski Adam , Kułakowska Alina , Chorąży Monika
Published: December 2023

Some of the multiple autoimmune diseases have been already associated with IL-13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). However, there are only few studies regarding multiple sclerosis (MS) risk and IL-13 rs20541 (R130Q) polymorphism, and their results are conflicting. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the frequency of the IL-13 gene rs20541 (R130Q) polymorphism in MS participants and its association with MS clinical subsets in the Polish population. We conducted a case‒control study including 94 relapsing remitting MS patients and 160 healthy volunteers. We genotyped the rs20541 polymorphism in the IL-13 gene and analysed the genotype frequency, age of MS onset and clinical condition (EDSS values) of the MS participants. Fisher’s exact test was used for statistical analysis, and the log-linear model was applied to test for associations. Allele A, as well as the AA and AG genotypes, was observed to be significantly more common in the MS subjects. The OR (odds ratio) for the A compared to the G allele was 1.71 (1.14–2.56), whereas OR 2.33 (0.86–6.26) and OR 1.92 (1.11–3.30) were obtained for the AA and AG genotypes, respectively. We did not identify any significant associations of the studied IL-13 SNP with the investigated clinical parameters of the MS participants. Our results suggest that the rs20541 polymorphism in the IL-13 gene may play an important role in MS predisposition but not in investigated clinical parameters in MS subjects of the Polish population.
Prediction of atrial fibrillation from at-home single-lead ECG signals without arrhythmias
Authors: Gadaleta Matteo , Harrington Patrick , Barnhill Eric , Hytopoulos Evangelos , Turakhia Mintu P. , Steinhubl Steven R. , Quer Giorgio
Published: December 2023

Early identification of atrial fibrillation (AF) can reduce the risk of stroke, heart failure, and other serious cardiovascular outcomes. However, paroxysmal AF may not be detected even after a two-week continuous monitoring period. We developed a model to quantify the risk of near-term AF in a two-week period, based on AF-free ECG intervals of up to 24 h from 459,889 patch-based ambulatory single-lead ECG (modified lead II) recordings of up to 14 days. A deep learning model was used to integrate ECG morphology data with demographic and heart rhythm features toward AF prediction. Observing a 1-day AF-free ECG recording, the model with deep learning features produced the most accurate prediction of near-term AF with an area under the curve AUC = 0.80 (95% confidence interval, CI = 0.79–0.81), significantly improving discrimination compared to demographic metrics alone (AUC 0.67; CI = 0.66–0.68). Our model was able to predict incident AF over a two-week time frame with high discrimination, based on AF-free single-lead ECG recordings of various lengths. Application of the model may enable a digital strategy for improving diagnostic capture of AF by risk stratifying individuals with AF-negative ambulatory monitoring for prolonged or recurrent monitoring, potentially leading to more rapid initiation of treatment.
Network-based restoration strategies maximize ecosystem recovery
Authors: Bhatia Udit , Dubey Sarth , Gouhier Tarik C. , Ganguly Auroop R.
Published: December 2023

Redressing global patterns of biodiversity loss requires quantitative frameworks that can predict ecosystem collapse and inform restoration strategies. By applying a network-based dynamical approach to synthetic and real-world mutualistic ecosystems, we show that biodiversity recovery following collapse is maximized when extirpated species are reintroduced based solely on their total number of connections in the original interaction network. More complex network-based strategies that prioritize the reintroduction of species that improve ‘higher order’ topological features such as compartmentalization do not provide meaningful performance improvements. These results suggest that it is possible to design nearly optimal restoration strategies that maximize biodiversity recovery for data-poor ecosystems in order to ensure the delivery of critical natural services that fuel economic development, food security, and human health around the globe.
Acute irradiation induces a senescence-like chromatin structure in mammalian oocytes
Authors: Baumann Claudia , Zhang Xiangyu , Kandasamy Muthugapatti K. , Mei Xiaohan , Chen Shiyou , Tehrani Kayvan F. , Mortensen Luke J. , Watford Wendy , Lall Ashley , De La Fuente Rabindranath
Published: December 2023

The mechanisms leading to changes in mesoscale chromatin organization during cellular aging are unknown. Here, we used transcriptional activator-like effectors, RNA-seq and superresolution analysis to determine the effects of genotoxic stress on oocyte chromatin structure. Major satellites are organized into tightly packed globular structures that coalesce into chromocenters and dynamically associate with the nucleolus. Acute irradiation significantly enhanced chromocenter mobility in transcriptionally inactive oocytes. In transcriptionally active oocytes, irradiation induced a striking unfolding of satellite chromatin fibers and enhanced the expression of transcripts required for protection from oxidative stress (Fermt1, Smg1), recovery from DNA damage (Tlk2, Rad54l) and regulation of heterochromatin assembly (Zfp296, Ski-oncogene). Non-irradiated, senescent oocytes exhibit not only high chromocenter mobility and satellite distension but also a high frequency of extra chromosomal satellite DNA. Notably, analysis of biological aging using an oocyte-specific RNA clock revealed cellular communication, posttranslational protein modifications, chromatin and histone dynamics as the top cellular processes that are dysregulated in both senescent and irradiated oocytes. Our results indicate that unfolding of heterochromatin fibers following acute genotoxic stress or cellular aging induced the formation of distended satellites and that abnormal chromatin structure together with increased chromocenter mobility leads to chromosome instability in senescent oocytes.
Parkin-mediated ubiquitination inhibits BAK apoptotic activity by blocking its canonical hydrophobic groove
Authors: Cheng Peng , Hou Yuzhu , Bian Mingxing , Fang Xueru , Liu Yan , Rao Yuanfang , Cao Shuo , Liu Yanjun , Zhang Shuai , Chen Yanke , Dong Xu , Liu Zhu
Published: December 2023

BAK permeabilizes the mitochondrial outer membrane, causing apoptosis. This apoptotic activity of BAK is stimulated by binding prodeath activators within its canonical hydrophobic groove. Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase, can ubiquitinate BAK, which inhibits BAK apoptotic activity. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibition of ubiquitination remains structurally uncharacterized. Here, we utilize truncated and soluble BAK to construct a mimetic of K113-ubiquitinated BAK (disulfide-linked UbG76C ~ BAKK113C) and further present its NMR-derived structure model. The classical L8-I44-H68-V70 hydrophobic patch of the conjugated Ub subunit binds within the canonical hydrophobic groove of BAK. This Ub occludes the binding of prodeath BID activators in the groove and impairs BID-triggered BAK activation and membrane permeabilization. Reduced interaction between Ub and BAK subunits allows BID to activate K113-ubiquitinated BAK. These mechanistic insights suggest a nonsignaling function of Ub in that it directly antagonizes stimuli targeting Ub-modified proteins rather than by recruiting downstream partners for cellular messaging.
Neural structure fields with application to crystal structure autoencoders
Authors: Chiba Naoya , Suzuki Yuta , Taniai Tatsunori , Igarashi Ryo , Ushiku Yoshitaka , Saito Kotaro , Ono Kanta
Published: December 2023

Representing crystal structures of materials to facilitate determining them via neural networks is crucial for enabling machine-learning applications involving crystal structure estimation. Among these applications, the inverse design of materials can contribute to explore materials with desired properties without relying on luck or serendipity. Here, we propose neural structure fields (NeSF) as an accurate and practical approach for representing crystal structures using neural networks. Inspired by the concepts of vector fields in physics and implicit neural representations in computer vision, the proposed NeSF considers a crystal structure as a continuous field rather than as a discrete set of atoms. Unlike existing grid-based discretized spatial representations, the NeSF overcomes the tradeoff between spatial resolution and computational complexity and can represent any crystal structure. We propose an autoencoder of crystal structures that can recover various crystal structures, such as those of perovskite structure materials and cuprate superconductors. Extensive quantitative results demonstrate the superior performance of the NeSF compared with the existing grid-based approach.
A lingering legacy of leaded gasoline in Southeast Asia
Authors: Ray Iravati , Das Reshmi
Published: December 2023

Recent reports of 1 in 3 children globally having blood lead levels ≥ 5microgram decilitre−1 demands thorough understanding of lead (Pb) sources of the present century and the fate of legacy Pb from the past use of leaded gasoline. The present hotspot of pollution is South and Southeast Asia. To investigate this issue, here we compile Pb isotopic compositions of aerosols (n = 341) along with established and previously excluded sources for Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, and India. The data was subjected to Bayesian 3D isotope mixing model simulation. Model estimates reveal consistent contributions from natural background. Leaded gasoline is the largest contributor in Southeast Asia (39%). Tertiary coal/fuelwood combustion and ore processing dominate in India, while ship emission contribute up to 15%. Thus, along with Pb from present sources, the historic use of leaded gasoline left a legacy of Pb in soil which is remobilised to the atmosphere after more than two decades of its phase-out.
Gas buffering of magma chamber contraction during persistent explosive activity at Mt. Etna volcano
Authors: Carbone Daniele , Cannavò Flavio , Montagna Chiara Paola , Greco Filippo
Published: December 2023

A sequence of more than 20 short-lasting explosive eruptions took place at Mt. Etna volcano, during a 2-month period in 2021. Here we perform a joint analysis of the gravity decrease and ground deflation that accompanied the sequence of eruptions. Results from this joint analysis are cross-checked against the output of a numerical code providing independent geochemical insight on how the density of the magmatic liquid/gas mixture in the source reservoir varies as a function of the pressure. This cross-analysis provides a framework to explain why (i) the bulk volume reduction sensed by the ground deformation data is much lower than the volume of the erupted products and (ii) the observed gravity changes point to a strong mass decrease, incompatible with a pure mechanism of magma withdrawal. We conclude that pressure-driven gas exsolution and expansion compensated the withdrawal of magma, thus buffering the contraction of the source reservoir and leading to the inferred mass decrease.
Multi-spectroscopic study of electrochemically-formed oxide-derived gold electrodes
Authors: Bibi Sara Boscolo , El-Zohry Ahmed M. , Davies Bernadette , Grigorev Vladimir , Goodwin Christopher M. , Lömker Patrick , Holm Alexander , Ali-Löytty Harri , Garcia-Martinez Fernando , Schlueter Christoph , Soldemo Markus , Koroidov Sergey , Hansson Tony
Published: December 2023

Oxide-derived metals are produced by reducing an oxide precursor. These materials, including gold, have shown improved catalytic performance over many native metals.
Wandering through quantum-mechanochemistry: from concepts to reactivity and switches
Authors: Alonso Mercedes , Bettens Tom , Eeckhoudt Jochen , Geerlings Paul , De Proft Frank
Published: December 2023

Mechanochemistry has experienced a renaissance in recent years witnessing, at the molecular level, a remarkable interplay between theory and experiment.
PIGNet2: a versatile deep learning-based protein–ligand interaction prediction model for binding affinity scoring and virtual screening
Authors: Moon Seokhyun , Hwang Sang-Yeon , Lim Jaechang , Kim Woo Youn
Published: December 2023

PIGNet2, a versatile protein–ligand interaction prediction model that performs well in both molecule identification and optimization, demonstrates its potential in early-stage drug discovery.
Zeolite-encapsulated copper(ii) complexes with NNO-tridentate Schiff base ligands: catalytic activity for methylene blue (MB) degradation under near neutral conditions
Authors: Li Shuyu , Wu Die , Wang Xiting , Xiong Jiaxing , Zhang Li , Ma Kaili
Published: December 2023

A series of zeolite-encapsulated copper(ii) complexes bearing NNO-tridentate Schiff base ligand derivatives was synthesized and employed as highly efficient catalysts for methylene blue degradation under near neutral conditions.
One-dimensional tunnel VO2(B) cathode materials for high-performance aqueous zinc ion batteries: a mini review of recent advances and future perspectives
Authors: Kou Lingjiang , Wang Yong , Song Jiajia , Ai Taotao , Li Wenhu , Wattanapaphawong Panya , Kajiyoshi Koji
Published: December 2023

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) are gaining attention for safety, affordability, and eco-friendliness, emerging as a promising energy storage system. VO2(B), with its unique crystal structure, is a research hotspot for AZIB cathode material.
In situ bifunctional solid acids bearing B–OH and –COOH groups for efficient hydrolysis of cellulose to sugar in a pure aqueous phase
Authors: Chen Yuhua , Feng Chengqi , Jin Chenkai , Zhu Yuxin , Huang Juncheng , Na Haining , Zhu Jin
Published: December 2023

Pyruvaldehyde as a carbon source is synthesized together with boric acid to produce a carbon-based solid catalyst with in situ bifunctional groups, which is utilized to induce the hydrolysis of cellulose to sugar in a pure aqueous phase.
Correction: Organocatalytic Friedel–Crafts arylation of aldehydes with indoles utilizing N-heterocyclic iod(az)olium salts as halogen-bonding catalysts
Authors: Galathri Eirini M. , Kuczmera Thomas J. , Nachtsheim Boris J. , Kokotos Christoforos G.
Published: December 2023

Correction for ‘Organocatalytic Friedel–Crafts arylation of aldehydes with indoles utilizing N-heterocyclic iod(az)olium salts as halogen-bonding catalysts’ by Eirini M. Galathri et al., Green Chem., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC03687A.
UbiNAAT: a multiplexed point-of-care nucleic acid diagnostic platform for rapid at-home pathogen detection
Authors: Jiang Kevin P. , Bennett Steven , Heiniger Erin K. , Kumar Sujatha , Yager Paul
Published: December 2023

This paper describes a novel, affordable integrated device for performing multiplexed detection of respiratory diseases with minimized user steps. This readily expandable device detects multiple pathogens from a single commercial human nasal swab.
Bridging the gap: an in-depth comparison of CVT-grown layered transition metal dichalcogenides for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Habib Muhammad , Muhammad Zahir , Haleem Yasir A. , Farooq Sajid , Nawaz Raziq , Khalil Adnan , Shaheen Fozia , Naeem Hamza , Ullah Sami , Khan Rashid
Published: December 2023

This study provides insights into the intrinsic behaviour of the TMDC synthesized via CVT technique as electrode materials in the field of electrochemical energy storage devices.
Sensing and conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol using Ag-decorated zinc oxide nanocatalyst
Authors: Ahmad Sheraz , Hussain Akbar , Mian Shabeer Ahmad , Rahman Gul , Ali Shaukat , Jang Joonkyung
Published: December 2023

The modelled and simulated high-performance Ag decorated ZnO nano catalyst depicted outstanding properties for the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to CH3OH and H2O molecules with an enhanced sensing response and recovery time, that provide insight into reaction mechanism.
Kinase inhibitor macrocycles: a perspective on limiting conformational flexibility when targeting the kinome with small molecules
Authors: Acharya Baku , Saha Debasmita , Armstrong Daniel , Jabali Baha'a , Hanafi Maha , Herrera-Rueda Alan , Lakkaniga Naga Rajiv , Frett Brendan
Published: December 2023

The development of macrocycles has emerged as an innovative approach to improve kinase inhibitor selectivity, as well as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties.
Correction: Molecular basis of sulfolactate synthesis by sulfolactaldehyde dehydrogenase from Rhizobium leguminosarum
Authors: Li Jinling , Sharma Mahima , Meek Richard , Alhifthi Amani , Armstrong Zachary , Soler Niccolay Madiedo , Lee Mihwa , Goddard-Borger Ethan D. , Blaza James N. , Davies Gideon J. , Williams Spencer J.
Published: December 2023

Correction for ‘Molecular basis of sulfolactate synthesis by sulfolactaldehyde dehydrogenase from Rhizobium leguminosarum’ by Jinling Li et al., Chem. Sci., 2023, 14, 11429–11440, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SC01594G.
Silicon nanocrystal hybrid photocatalysts as models to understand solar fuels producing assemblies
Authors: Saund Simran S. , Dabak-Wakankar Abha , Gish Melissa K. , Neale Nathan R.
Published: December 2023

A rhenium metal complex tethered to a silicon quantum dot allows exploration of the effects of catalyst anchoring and Re–Si energetic alignment on photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity.
LOFAR discovery and wide-band characterisation of an ultra-steep spectrum AGN radio remnant associated with Abell 1318
Authors: Shulevski Aleksandar , Brienza Marisa , Massaro Francesco , Morganti Raffaella , Intema Huib , Oosterloo Tom , De Gasperin Francesco , Rajpurohit Kamlesh , Pasini Thomas , Kutkin Alexander , Vohl Dany , Adams Elizabeth A. K. , Adebahr Björn , Brüggen Marcus , Hess Kelley M. , Loose Marcel G. , Oostrum Leon C. , Ziemke Jacob
Published: December 2023

We present the discovery of a very extended (550 kpc) and low-surface-brightness (3.3 μJy arcsec−2 at 144 MHz) radio emission region in Abell 1318. These properties are consistent with its characterisation as an active galactic nucleus (AGN) remnant radio plasma, based on its morphology and radio spectral properties. We performed a broad-band (54–1400 MHz) radio spectral index and curvature analysis using LOFAR, uGMRT, and WSRT-APERTIF data. We also derived the radiative age of the detected emission, estimating a maximum age of 250 Myr. The morphology of the source is remarkably intriguing, with two larger, oval-shaped components and a thinner, elongated, and filamentary structure in between, plausibly reminiscent of two aged lobes and a jet. Based on archival Swift as well as SDSS data we performed an X-ray and optical characterisation of the system, whose virial mass was estimated to be ∼7.4 × 1013 M⊙. This places A1318 in the galaxy group regime. Interestingly, the radio source does not have a clear optical counterpart embedded in it, thus, we propose that it is most likely an unusual AGN remnant of previous episode(s) of activity of the AGN hosted by the brightest group galaxy (∼2.6 × 1012 M⊙), which is located at a projected distance of ∼170 kpc in the current epoch. This relatively high offset may be a result of IGrM sloshing sourced by a minor merger. The filamentary morphology of the source may suggest that the remnant plasma has been perturbed by the system dynamics, however, only future deeper X-ray observations will be able to address this question.
Searching for low-mass companions at small separations in transition disks with aperture masking interferometry
Authors: Stolker T. , Kammerer J. , Benisty M. , Blakely D. , Johnstone D. , Sitko M. L. , Berger J. P. , Sanchez-Bermudez J. , Garufi A. , Lacour S. , Cantalloube F. , Chauvin G.
Published: December 2023

Context. Transition disks have large central cavities that have been resolved by imaging surveys during recent years. Cavities and other substructures in circumstellar disks are often interpreted as signposts to massive companions. Detecting companions at small angular separations is challenging with coronagraphic imaging observations.

Aims. We aim to search for stellar and substellar companions in the central regions of transition disks. Such companions could be responsible for the large dust-depleted cavities. We want to determine if these disks might be circumbinary in their nature, similar to the HD 142527 system.

Methods. We observed four systems, HD 100453, HD 100546, HD 135344 B, and PDS 70, with the sparse aperture masking mode of VLT/SPHERE, also leveraging the star-hopping method with the adaptive optics system. We extracted the complex visibilities and bispectra from the H2 and H3 imaging data. A binary model was fit to the closure phases to search for companions and estimate detection limits. For validation, we also analyzed four archival datasets of HD 142527 and inferred the orbital elements and atmospheric parameters of its low-mass stellar companion.

Results. We have not detected any significant point sources in the four observed systems. With a contrast sensitivity of ≈0.004, we can rule out stellar companions down to ≈2 au and partially explore the substellar regime at separations ≳3–5 au. The analysis of HD 142527 B revealed that its projected orbit is aligned with dust features in the extended inner disk and that the mutual inclination with the outer disk is close to coplanar for one of the two solutions. Atmospheric modeling confirms the low-gravity and slightly reddened spectral appearance (Teff ≈ 3300 K, log 𝑔 ≈ 3.7, and AV ≈ 0.7). The inferred and derived bulk parameters (log L*/L0 ≈ −0.65, M* ≈ 0.4 M⊙, and R* ≈ 1.46 R⊙) are in agreement with dynamical constraints and evolutionary tracks.

Conclusions. In contrast to HD 142527, we find no evidence that a close-in stellar companion is responsible for the resolved disk features of HD 100453, HD 100546, HD 135344 B, and PDS 70. Instead of a dynamical effect by a stellar companion, the formation of giant planets or even low-mass brown dwarfs could be shaping the innermost environment (≲20 au) of these circumstellar disks, as is the case with the planetary system of PDS 70.
Constraints on the intergalactic magnetic field fromFermi/LAT observations of the ‘pair echo’ of GRB 221009A
Authors: Vovk Ie. , Korochkin A. , Neronov A. , Semikoz D.
Published: December 2023

Delayed ‘pair-echo’ signal from interactions of very-high-energyγrays in the intergalactic medium can be used for the detection of the intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF). We used the data of theFermi/LAT telescope coupled with LHAASO observatory measurements to confirm the presence of IGMF along the line of sight to theγ-ray burst GRB 221009A. Comparing theFermi/LAT measurements with the expected level of the pair-echo flux, set by the multi-TeV LHAASO detection, we derived a lower bound 10−19G on the IGMF with correlation lengthllarger than 1 Mpc, improving asl−1/2for shorter correlation lengths. This provides an independent verification of the existence of a lower bound on IGMF in the voids of the large-scale structure, previously derived from the observations of active galactic nuclei.
Abundances of iron-peak elements in accreted and in situ born Galactic halo stars
Authors: Nissen P. E. , Amarsi A. M. , Skúladóttir Á. , Schuster W. J.
Published: December 2023

Context. Studies of the element abundances and kinematics of stars belonging to the Galactic halo have revealed the existence of two distinct populations: accreted stars with a low [α/Fe] ratio and in situ born stars with a higher ratio.

Aims. Previous work on the abundances of C, O, Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn in high-α and low-α halo stars is extended to include the abundances of Sc, V, and Co, enabling us to study the nucleosynthesis of all iron-peak elements along with the lighter elements.

Methods. The Sc, V, and Co abundances were determined from a 1D MARCS model-atmosphere analysis of equivalent widths of atomic lines in high signal-to-noise, high resolution spectra assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). In addition, new 3D and/or non-LTE calculations were used to correct the 1D LTE abundances for several elements including consistent 3D non-LTE calculations for Mg.

Results. The two populations of accreted and in situ born stars are well separated in diagrams showing [Sc/Fe], [V/Fe], and [Co/Fe] as a function of [Fe/H]. The [X/Mg] versus [Mg/H] trends for high-α and low-α stars were used to determine the yields of core-collapse and Type Ia supernovae. The largest Type Ia contribution occurs for Cr, Mn, and Fe, whereas Cu is a pure core-collapse element. Sc, Ti, V, Co, Ni, and Zn represent intermediate cases. A comparison with yields calculated for supernova models shows poor agreement for the core-collapse yields. The Ia yields suggest that sub-Chandrasekhar-mass Type Ia supernovae provide a dominant contribution to the chemical evolution of the host galaxies of the low-α stars. A substructure in the abundances and kinematics of the low-α stars suggests that they arise from at least two different satellite accretion events, Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus and Thamnos.
Kognitive Dysfunktion im Rahmen einer Krebserkrankung und ihrer Behandlung
Authors: Rostock Matthias , Krause Alena
Published: December 2023

Die kognitive Dysfunktion hat sich heute zu einer der am häufigsten auftretenden und die Krebspatient*innen oft langfristig am meisten beeinträchtigenden Begleiterscheinungen ihrer Erkrankung entwickelt. Mit den im Rahmen der konventionellen Therapie zur Verfügung stehenden Maßnahmen, insbesondere kognitivem Training, Psychoedukation und körperlicher Aktivität, ergibt sich für viele Patient*innen keine ausreichend zufriedenstellende Besserung. Vor diesem Hintergrund und weil ein großer Anteil der Patient*innen grundsätzlich eine integrative Behandlung ihrer Beschwerden wünscht, werden sehr häufig auch komplementärmedizinische Therapieansätze erfragt.

In dieser Zusammenstellung soll ein Überblick über bereits in ersten klinischen Studien wissenschaftlich untersuchte Therapieverfahren, aber auch über vielversprechende weitere Therapieansätze gegeben werden.
Traditionelle Chinesische Medizin in der Onkologie: wissenschaftliche Evidenz und Leitlinien
Authors: Schröder Sven , Böhme Gerd
Published: December 2023

Die Traditionelle Chinesische Medizin (TCM) hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten weltweit Aufmerksamkeit auf sich gezogen, auch in der Onkologie. Hier werden zum Beispiel Akupunktur und Akupressur eingesetzt, um Beschwerden wie Übelkeit oder Fatigue zu lindern. Auch chinesische Arzneimittel werden zur Linderung von Nebenwirkungen angewandt, die etwa im Rahmen einer Chemotherapie auftreten. Dieser Artikel bietet eine Übersicht, welche Therapien der TCM in der Onkologie bereits leitliniengestützt zum Einsatz kommen und für welche Therapien noch wissenschaftliche Belege erarbeitet werden müssen.
The Big Data Gap: Asymmetric Information in the Ophthalmology Residency Match Process and the Argument for Transparent Residency Data
Authors: Breton Stephen Adam Le , Desai Shilpa
Published: December 2023

Background The ophthalmology match is an important step for graduating medical students that defines their future career. Residency programs demonstrate significant variability due to differences in size, location, research output, subspecialty exposure, surgical case load, and alumni fellowship/practice placement. Despite the importance of informed decision-making, applicants often find limited, inconsistent information about potential programs.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to characterize and identify gaps in the information available to residents in the 2022 to 2023 Match.

Methods The SFMatch Web site was reviewed to identify programs included as well as characteristics cited on each program's webpage. Program webpages were used to evaluate availability and consistency of data on site surgical caseload, fellowship slots, and teaching staff.

Results Of the 121 programs included on SFMatch, 23 (19%) provided no data on August 15, 2022 (15 days prior to application submission deadline) and 9 (7%) lacked program data on October 15, 2022. Though most programs provided mean cataract volume, data on volume of other procedures for graduating residents was highly variable and occasionally misleading. Programs did not provide information on several academic and social considerations that may influence match ranking choice.

Conclusion Applicants often must read “between the lines” to identify residency program strengths and weaknesses. Data crucial to informing the application process remain sparse, unavailable, or spread across resources. Limited data increases applicant dependence on word-of-mouth knowledge to inform decision-making. This might reduce diversity by limiting successful applicants to those with existing connections within the field.
Use of serious games with older adults: systematic literature review
Authors: Gutiérrez-Pérez Bárbara-Mariana , Martín-García Antonio-Víctor , Murciano-Hueso Alicia , de Oliveira Cardoso Ana-Paula
Published: December 2023

The aim of this paper is to qualitatively synthesise literature on empirical research into video games and older adults. A total of 108 studies were analysed, with the participation of 15,902 individuals aged over 60. The framework of Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, and Analysis (SALSA) was used, with screening by three independent reviewers and phrase searching and combining search terms. The results indicate a majority of studies with a quantitative approach conducted in the European context in which a total of 125 scales were identified for the assessment of different geriatric aspects related to domains for the improvement of physical health and functional quality, improvement of cognitive, psychological and mental health, and improvement of physical and cognitive functions from a combined approach.
Communicating environmental data through art: the role of emotion and memory in evoking environmental action
Authors: Kaufmann Dorsey B. , Palawat Kunal , Sandhaus Shana , Buxner Sanlyn , McMahon Ellen , Ramírez-Andreotta Mónica D.
Published: December 2023

Innovative approaches to environmental communication are needed to transcend existing scientific knowledge, challenge individual value-action gaps, and engage more people in science. Within a co-created community science project, a case-control study was conducted to determine whether data visualization type could impact participant scientific learning, emotional response, behavioral outcomes, and environmental action. Two novel data sharing types were designed to communicate roof-harvested rainwater data to environmental justice communities: (1) A static booklet and (2) An interactive environmental art installation called Ripple Effect paired with a booklet. Our results indicate that environmental art can not only communicate complex scientific data effectively, but can also overcome barriers associated with traditional science communication by affecting people’s emotion and memory—which increases the likelihood of changing their behavior or taking new action in their environment. These results are consistent with the environmental psychology literature; however, we have successfully captured the role of memory and long-lasting impacts of environmental art on pro-environmental health behavior. This research further paves the way for others to create innovative environmental communication formats to communicate environmental health.
Reputation incentive model of open innovation of scientific and technological-based SMEs considering fairness preference
Authors: Zhang Xiaonan , Li Honglei
Published: December 2023

The participation of external scientific research teams is an important support for the success of open innovation of scientific and technological-based small and medium enterprise (SMEs). The incentive mechanism should not only focus on traditional influencing factors but also on the scientific research innovation team’s internal characteristics and external environment. Considering the fairness preference of scientific research innovation teams, this paper constructs an open innovation reputation incentive model for scientific and technological-based SMEs and discusses the impact of relevant factors on the reputation and effort level of scientific research innovation teams under the situation of complete information and incomplete information. The results show that: (1) under the condition of complete information, the fairness preference of scientific research innovation teams is positively related to reputation incentive other than the effort level; (2) under the condition of incomplete information, the fairness preference of scientific research innovation teams has no significant impact on the reputation incentive but is negatively related to the effort level; (3) whether considering the fairness preference or not, the effort level and innovation capability of the scientific research innovation teams are positively correlated with the reputation incentive, while the effort cost, risk aversion coefficient, income distribution coefficient, and variance of external environment variable are negatively correlated with the reputation incentive; (4) the innovation ability of scientific research innovation teams is positively related to the effort level, while the effort cost, risk aversion coefficient, and variance of external environment variable are negatively related to the effort level.
Global convergence of a two-fluid non-isentropic Euler–Poisson system in one space dimension
Authors: Huang Yangshe , Liu Cunming
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we study the global in time quasi-neutral limit for a two-fluid non-isentropic Euler–Poisson system in one space dimension. We prove that the system converges to the non-isentropic Euler equations as the Debye length tends to zero. This problem is studied for smooth solutions near the constant equilibrium state. To prove this result, we establish uniform energy estimates and various dissipation estimates with respect to the Debye length and the time. These estimates allow to pass to the limit to obtain the limit system by compactness arguments. In addition, the global convergence rate is obtained by use of stream function technique.
Algorithm for diagnosing and warning of vibration caused by loosened screws on motor base using wavelet packet and neural network
Authors: Zhou Feng , Xu Jincheng , Lyu Jingui , Hao Ting
Published: December 2023

Motor base screw loosening is a common problem in motor operation, which, if not dealt with in time, may lead to motor failure and damage. However, few studies have focused on the diagnosis and warning of this problem. Based on wavelet packet and neural network analysis, this paper presents a new algorithm for monitoring, diagnosing, and warning vibration caused by loose screws in the motor base. The vibration signal generated by the base screw loosening is monitored and sampled with sensors, and the wavelet packet is used to decompose, reconstruct, and reduce the noise of the vibration signal to enhance the time–frequency characteristics of the signal. After analyzing the fault data by wavelet, the feature vector characterizing the fault is extracted, and then, the vector and the corresponding fault type are used as the input and output of the neural network, respectively, and the non-mapping relationship between them is built to complete the diagnosis and early warning of the fault. Finally, the method is used to compare the motor base screw loosening operation and normal operation. The experiments show that the new algorithm based on wavelet packet and neural network can complete the health diagnosis and early warning of motor in the early stage of motor base screw loosening, reduce the loss caused by subsequent faults, and provide a new reference scheme for the motor fault diagnosis field.
Multistability and chaos in SEIRS epidemic model with a periodic time-dependent transmission rate
Authors: Brugnago Eduardo L. , Gabrick Enrique C. , Iarosz Kelly C. , Szezech José D. , Viana Ricardo L. , Batista Antonio M. , Caldas Iberê L.
Published: December 2023

In this work, we study the dynamics of a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered-susceptible epidemic model with a periodic time-dependent transmission rate. Emphasizing the influence of the seasonality frequency on the system dynamics, we analyze the largest Lyapunov exponent along parameter planes finding large chaotic regions. Furthermore, in some ranges, there are shrimp-like periodic structures. We highlight the system multistability, identifying the coexistence of periodic orbits for the same parameter values, with the infections maximum distinguishing by up one order of magnitude, depending only on the initial conditions. In this case, the basins of attraction have self-similarity. Parametric configurations, for which both periodic and non-periodic orbits occur, cover 13.20% of the evaluated range. We also identified the coexistence of periodic and chaotic attractors with different maxima of infectious cases, where the periodic scenario peak reaches approximately 50% higher than the chaotic one.
Hermitian realizations of the Yang model
Authors: Martinić-Bilać Tea , Meljanac Stjepan , Mignemi Salvatore
Published: December 2023

The Yang model is an example of noncommutative geometry on a background spacetime of constant curvature. We discuss the Hermitian realizations of its associated algebra on phase space in a perturbative expansion up to sixth order. We also discuss its realizations on extended phase spaces, that include additional tensorial and/or vectorial degrees or freedom.
Parameter identification framework of nonlinear dynamical systems with Markovian switching
Authors: Zhang Zhikun , Shen Qiuhui , Wang Xiangjun
Published: December 2023

Extensive research has been conducted on models of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), yet these deterministic models often fail to capture the intricate complexities of real-world systems adequately. Thus, many studies have proposed the integration of Markov chains into nonlinear dynamical systems to account for perturbations arising from environmental changes and random variations. Notably, the field of parameter estimation for ODEs incorporating Markov chains still needs to be explored, creating a significant research gap. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate a comprehensive model capable of encompassing real-life scenarios. This model combines a system of ODEs with a continuous-time Markov chain, enabling the representation of a continuous system with discrete parameter switching. We present a machine discovery framework for parameter estimation in nonlinear dynamical systems with Markovian switching, effectively addressing this research gap. By incorporating Markov chains into the model, we adeptly capture the time-varying dynamics of real-life systems influenced by environmental factors. This approach enhances the applicability and realism of the research, enabling more precise representations of dynamical systems with Markovian switching in complex scenarios.
Dynamic perturbation analysis of fractional order differential quasiperiodic Mathieu equation
Authors: Xie Jiaquan , Wan Meiru , Zhao Fuqiang , Zhang Jun , Shi Wei , Zhu Shuai , Huang Xiaoning , Yang Jianhua
Published: December 2023

The paper investigates the influence of parameters on the stability of fractional order differential quasiperiodic Mathieu equations. First, we use the perturbation method to obtain approximate expressions (i.e., transition curves) for the stability and unstable region boundaries of the equation. After obtaining the approximate expression of the transition curve, we use Lyapunov's first method to analyze the stability of the fractional order differential quasiperiodic Mathieu system, thereby obtaining the conditions for the stability of the fractional order differential quasiperiodic Mathieu equation system. Second, by comparing the approximate expressions of the transition curve of the steady-state periodic solution of the quasiperiodic Mathieu oscillator under different parameter conditions, we obtained the conclusion that the fractional order differential term exists in the form of equivalent stiffness and equivalent damping in the fractional order differential quasiperiodic Mathieu system. By comparison, we have summarized the general forms of equivalent linear damping and equivalent stiffness of the system. Through this general form, we can define an approximate expression for the thickness of unstable regions to better study the characteristics of fractional order differential quasiperiodic Mathieu systems. Finally, the influence of the parameters of the fractional order differential quasiperiodic Mathieu equation on the transition curve of the equation was intuitively analyzed through numerical simulation, to analyze the stability changes in the equation.