bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Connector impedance and frequency modes in aerospace wiring systems
Authors: Lundquist Eric J. , Furse Cynthia
Published: November 2016

This article represents an investigation of connector effects on signal integrity and propagation in aerospace wiring systems–including quantitative data of potential changes in characteristic impedance. It is determined that changes in wire bundling, connector plugmap configurations, shell damage, and other factors impact signal propagation. Wire bundling arrange‐ ment can cause changes greater than ± 60 Ω on a 152 Ω linefurther causing reflection and transmission variation throughout the system. Changing connector configurations were found to cause initial signal reflections from 4 to 76% and total reflection of 0.05‐0.14%, where unshielded wires were found to have greater variation and reflection than shielded wires. The effects of frequency and connector length were also analyzed in order to minimize total internal reflection at connector interfaces. Shell damage can cause reflection up to 0.01, or 1%. Measurements of aerospace connector systems produced reflections <1.5%. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:89–93, 2017
An electrically frequency tunable absorber with no absorption frequency limit
Authors: Jo Eon‐Seok , Cho Soo‐Bean , Kim Dongho
Published: November 2016

We propose an electrically frequency tunable absorber (EFTA) with varactor diodes, which can provide good absorption properties even in much higher frequency bands than conventional EFTAs. In general, conventional EFTAs cannot guarantee high absorption rate beyond a certain frequency limited by high capacitance of commercial varactor diodes. In this letter, however, we suggest a simple but fairly effective way to overcome the high frequency limit by intentionally inserting parasitic capacitance introduced from multiple slits. The parasitic capacitance connected to the varactor diodes in series can decrease overall capacitance to an optimum value. Consequently, we not only can maintain good absorption rate in a very high frequency region, but also freely select a target absorption frequency band by modifying the number of slits. Experiments for normal and oblique incidence have been carried out to validate the proposed method. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:145–148, 2017
A C‐shaped dielectric resonator antenna with frequency reconfigurable for ISM and LTE band applications
Authors: Danesh S. , Kamarudin M. R. , Rahman T. A. , Abedian M. , Jamaluddin M. H. , Khalily M.
Published: November 2016

A frequency tunable dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is studied and presented for ISM and LTE band applications. Here, the frequency operation of the proposed DRA is switched from dual band to narrowband mode by using the PIN diode switches. The switches are employed by RF PIN diodes and placed on the feed line network to excite the dielectric resonator (DR). The proposed reconfigurable DRA has a compact size with a thickness of 3 mm and the overall size of 30 × 37 mm2 that is proper for mobile devices. The measured and simulated results indicate that the proposed DRA provides a single and dual band modes which covers the ISM applications and 2.6 GHz LTE system, respectively. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:134–138, 2017
An asymmetrical dual band bandpass filter
Authors: Malherbe J.A.G.
Published: November 2016

A dual band bandpass filter consisting of a cascade of unit elements and shunt connected stepped open and stepped short circuited stubs, is described. The dual passbands can have unequal, asymmetrical width; the stop‐bandwidth between the desired bands and the harmonic upper bands is substantially increased. A prototype filter that finds application in communication systems is developed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:163–168, 2017
An accurate electromagnetic analysis method for transmission line structures
Authors: Yang Chunxia , Xu Chaonan , Tong Meisong
Published: November 2016

Electromagnetic analysis for transmission line structures plays an important role in the design of high‐speed digital integrated circuits. Because different transmission line parameters have different influence on the integrity of the integrated circuit signal. In this article, method of moment combined with the Rao–Wilton–Glisson basis function and the dual basis function is established to solve the integral equations. Transforming the integral equations into matrix equations and achieve the analysis of the input impedance of transmission line structures. Numerical results have been demonstrated with two examples. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:219–223, 2017
UWB flexible filter with low loss and excellent stopband performance
Authors: Zhao Mengjuan , Zhang Yong , Liu Shuang , Jia Yonghao
Published: November 2016

The compact UWB flexible filter with low loss and excellent stop band suppression on ultrathin liquid crystal polymer substrate is presented firstly. A uniform microstrip line connected with five pairs of stubs is used. The flexible filter with the pass band of 4.1–10.6 GHz. The measured minimum insertion loss is 0.76 dB at 5.4 GHz and the return loss is better than 11.3 dB. While the frequency is higher than 12.1 GHz, excellent high resistance band suppression is obtained. The bending behavior of the UWB flexible filter is analyzed. In case of R = 17.5 mm, the insertion loss is only improved by 0.004 dB and the return loss is optimized by 0.45dB. Good agreement is obtained between the flat and the bending. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:194–197, 2017
Comparative analysis of three human adipocyte size measurement methods and their relevance for cardiometabolic risk
Authors: Laforest Sofia , Michaud Andréanne , Paris Gaétan , Pelletier Mélissa , Vidal Hubert , Géloën Alain , Tchernof André
Published: November 2016

Objective

To determine whether adipocyte diameters from three measurement methods are similarly associated with adiposity measurements and cardiometabolic variables.

Methods

Surgical samples of omental and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained in a sample of 60 women (age 35–59 years; body mass index 20.3–41.1 kg/m2). Median adipocyte diameter of the main cell population was determined by collagenase digestion, osmium tetroxide fixation, and histological analysis. Adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed.

Results

Adipocyte diameter was consistently smaller with formalin fixation than with collagenase digestion, whereas osmium‐fixed cells were larger (P < 0.0001, for all). Median adipocyte diameters derived from all methods were intercorrelated (r = 0.46–0.83, P < 0.001 for all). Positive associations were found between adipocyte diameters from all techniques and regional or total adiposity measurements (P < 0.01 for all). Omental adipocyte diameter was positively associated with fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (r = 0.30–0.52, P < 0.05 for all), with osmium‐fixed cell size as a stronger correlate. Osmium‐fixed cell diameter was also a better correlate of plasma adiponectin and leptin.

Conclusions

Although measurement techniques generated systematic differences in adipocyte size, associations with adiposity were only slightly affected by the technique. Osmium fixation generated stronger associations with cardiometabolic risk factors than collagenase digestion and histological analysis.
A genetic link between prepregnancy body mass index, postpartum weight retention, and offspring weight in early childhood
Authors: Li Aihua , Teo Koon K. , Morrison Katherine M. , McDonald Sarah D. , Atkinson Stephanie A. , Anand Sonia S. , Meyre David
Published: November 2016

Objective

The effects of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on maternal and offspring obesity traits, as well as the maternal and offspring genetic contribution to GWG and postpartum weight retention, were examined.

Methods

Blood samples from mothers (n = 608) and offspring (n = 541) were genotyped for 83 BMI‐associated SNPs and 47 waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR)‐associated SNPs. Linear regression and mixed‐effects regression models were performed to examine clinical epidemiological and genetic associations with unweighted and weighted BMI and WHR genetic risk scores (GRS).

Results

Prepregnancy BMI was positively associated with offspring weight and BMI Z‐score from birth to 5 years. GWG was positively associated with maternal postpartum weight retention at 1 and 5 years and with offspring weight Z‐score from birth to 5 years old. The maternal unweighted BMI GRS was associated with prepregnancy BMI, postpartum weight retention at 5 years, and offspring weight Z‐score from birth to 5 years old, but not associated with GWG. Both maternal and offspring unweighted WHR GRSs were negatively associated with GWG.

Conclusions

Maternal BMI‐associated SNPs may contribute to the genetic link between prepregnancy BMI variation, long‐term postpartum weight retention, and offspring birth weight and longitudinal weight. Maternal and offspring WHR‐associated SNPs may contribute to GWG variation.
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor arising in a malignant glioma
Authors: Bozzai Barbara , Hasselblatt Martin , Turányi Eszter , Frühwald Michael C. , Siebert Reiner , Bens Susanne , Schneppenheim Reinhard , Kool Marcel , Stelczer Gábor , Hortobágyi Tibor , Hauser Peter
Published: November 2016

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT), a highly malignant brain tumor in young children, usually arises de novo and has only rarely been described as a secondary malignancy. Here, we present a case of a child with glioblastoma, who was treated postoperatively by a combination of temozolomide, irradiation, and bevacizumab. AT/RT was diagnosed as a secondary tumor, 2.5 years following primary diagnosis. The child died 13 months after the diagnosis of AT/RT. This case demonstrates that malignant gliomas may give rise to AT/RT. It also emphasizes the diagnostic value of a repeated tumor biopsy in the recurrence setting.
Access to clinical trials for adolescents with soft tissue sarcomas: Enrollment in European pediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG) protocols
Authors: Ferrari Andrea , Trama Annalisa , De Paoli Angela , Bergeron Christophe , Merks Johannes H. M. , Jenney Meriel , Orbach Daniel , Chisholm Julia C. , Gallego Soledad , Glosli Heidi , De Salvo Gian Luca , Botta Laura , Gatta Gemma , Bisogno Gianni ,   RARECAREnet Working Group
Published: November 2016

Background

Adolescents with cancer are enrolled in clinical trials at far lower rates than children. This report compares the number of adolescents (15–19‐year‐olds) and children (0–14‐year‐olds) enrolled in the protocols of the European pediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG) with the number of cases expected to occur.

Methods

The observed‐to‐expected (O/E) ratio was detected in the EpSSG countries contributing most of the cases, that is, Italy, France, Spain, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and Ireland. The observed cases included patients enrolled in any of the EpSSG protocols from October 2008 to October 2015, when all EpSSG protocols were open in these countries. The number of expected cases was calculated from the incidence rates estimated throughout the RARECAREnet database in the countries’ population‐based cancer registries.

Results

In the countries considered, 2,118 cases aged 0–19 years were enrolled in the EpSSG trials from 2008 to 2015: 82.8% were children and 17.2% were adolescents. The O/E ratio was 0.30 among patients 15–19 years old, as opposed to 0.64 for those 0–14 years old. The O/E ratio differed for the different subtypes: in adolescents, it was 0.64 and 0.18 for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and non‐rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS), respectively; in children, it was 0.77 and 0.50, respectively. The O/E ratios differed across the countries considered.

Conclusions

Adolescents were less well represented than children on the EpSSG protocols, with better enrolment for RMS than for NRSTS for all age groups.
Determining the binding affinities of prostate‐specific antigen to lectins: SPR and microarray approaches
Authors: Damborský Pavel , Zámorová Martina , Katrlík Jaroslav
Published: November 2016

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common newly diagnosed cancers among men and we focused on its traditional biomarker, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), using targeted glycomics‐based strategies. The aberrant glycosylation pattern of PSA may serve as a valuable tool for improving PCa diagnosis including its early‐stage. In this study, we evaluated the usability of two techniques, surface plasmon resonance and protein microarray assay, for the study and characterization of interactions of PSA (both free and complexed) with six lectins (SNA, ConA, RCA, AAL, WGA and MAA II). The information on the character of such interactions is important for the application of lectins as prospective bioreceptors for biomarker glycoprofiling in a follow‐up biosensing assays. SPR as well as established bioanalytical techniques allowed determination of KD values of PSA–lectin interactions in a more reliable way than protein microarray. The protein microarray method did not allow accurate quantification of KD values. However, the features of a microarray approach, such as speed and costs, enabled the screening and estimation of the nature of lectin–glycan biomarker interaction in an effective and time‐saving way. All of the tested lectins interacted with commercial PSA standard isolated from healthy persons, except MAA II which reacted only very weakly.
Eutectic mixtures as a green alternative for efficient catalyst recycling in atom transfer radical polymerizations
Authors: Maximiano Pedro , Mendonça Patrícia V. , Santos Madson R. E. , Costa João R. C. , Guliashvili Tamaz , Serra Arménio C. , Coelho Jorge F. J.
Published: November 2016

A new solvent mixture, based on ethanol/reline (EM: eutectic mixture), was investigated for the supplemental activator and reducing agent atom transfer radical polymerization (SARA ATRP) of methyl acrylate (MA) near room temperature, for the first time, affording complete catalyst recovery and reuse. The kinetic results revealed that the polymerizations were controlled, with polymers having narrow molecular weight distributions (Đ < 1.2). The “living” character of the resultant PMA was confirmed by the synthesis of a well‐defined PMA‐b‐PBA block copolymer. Remarkably, it was demonstrated that the Cu(0)/CuBr2/Me6TREN (Me6TREN: tris[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine) could be recovered from the final reaction mixture and reused for new successful SARA ATRP of MA, suggesting that the reported system could be very attractive from both the economic and environmental perspectives. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 371–381
Block copolymer templated carbonization of nitrogen containing polymer to create fine and mesoporous carbon for oxygen reduction catalyst
Authors: Nabae Yuta , Nagata Shinsuke , Ohnishi Koshi , Liu Yuanyuan , Sheng Li , Wang Xiaolin , Hayakawa Teruaki
Published: November 2016

This study demonstrates the synthesis of mesoporous carbon materials utilizing the self‐assembly of a block copolymer and its electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction. Fine and mesoporous carbon containing ferrum (Fe) and nitrogen (N) species has been successfully synthesized by multi‐step pyrolysis of a self‐assembled imide film fabricated via a soft template approach. The obtained sample has well‐ordered mesostructure accompanied by uniform pores with diameter of 4.8 nm and BET surface area of 1660 m2 g−1. This material is tough enough to retain its mesostructured even after mechanical ball milling, which will be essential in the application as a fuel cell catalyst. Promising catalytic activity for electrochemical oxygen reduction owing to enhanced mass transport has been demonstrated. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 464–470
Kinetics and mechanism of metallocene‐catalyzed olefin polymerization: Comparison of ethylene, propylene homopolymerizations, and their copolymerization
Authors: Guo Yintian , Zhang Zhen , Guo Wenqi , Khan Akbar , Fu Zhisheng , Xu Junting , Fan Zhiqiang
Published: November 2016

A series of ethylene, propylene homopolymerizations, and ethylene/propylene copolymerization catalyzed withrac‐Et(Ind)2ZrCl2/modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO) were conducted under the same conditions for different duration ranging from 2.5 to 30 min, and quenched with 2‐thiophenecarbonyl chloride to label a 2‐thiophenecarbonyl on each propagation chain end. The change of active center ratio ([C*]/[Zr]) with polymerization time in each polymerization system was determined. Changes of polymerization rate, molecular weight, isotacticity (for propylene homopolymerization) and copolymer composition with time were also studied. [C*]/[Zr] strongly depended on type of monomer, with the propylene homopolymerization system presented much lower [C*]/[Zr] (ca. 25%) than the ethylene homopolymerization and ethylene–propylene copolymerization systems. In the copolymerization system, [C*]/[Zr] increased continuously in the reaction process until a maximum value of 98.7% was reached, which was much higher than the maximum [C*]/[Zr] of ethylene homopolymerization (ca. 70%). The chain propagation rate constant (kp) of propylene polymerization is very close to that of ethylene polymerization, but the propylene insertion rate constant is much smaller than the ethylene insertion rate constant in the copolymerization system, meaning that the active centers in the homopolymerization system are different from those in the copolymerization system. Ethylene insertion rate constant in the copolymerization system was much higher than that in the ethylene homopolymerization in the first 10 min of reaction. A mechanistic model was proposed to explain the observed activation of ethylene polymerization by propylene addition. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.2017,55, 867–875
Tunable phase‐separation behavior of thermoresponsive polyampholytes through molecular design
Authors: Das Esha , Matsumura Kazuaki
Published: November 2016

Here, we report that carboxylated poly‐l‐lysine, a polyampholyte, shows lower critical solution temperature (LCST)‐type temperature‐responsive liquid–liquid phase separation and coacervate formation in aqueous solutions. The phase‐separation temperature of polyampholytes is strongly affected by the polymer concentration, balance between the carboxyl and amino groups, hydrophobicity of the side chain, and NaCl concentration in the solution. We concluded that the phase separation was caused by both electrostatic interactions between the carboxyl and amino groups and intermolecular hydrophobic interactions. The addition of NaCl weakened the electrostatic interactions, causing the two phases to remix. The introduction of the hydrophobic moiety decreased the phase‐separation temperature by making the molecular interactions stronger. Finally, temperature‐responsive hydrogels were prepared from the polyampholytes to explore their applicability as biomaterials and in drug delivery systems. The fine‐tuning of the phase‐separation temperature of poly‐l‐lysine‐based polyampholytes through molecular design should open new avenues for their use in precisely controlled biomedical applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 876–884
Formation and carbon monoxide‐dependent dissociation of Allochromatium vinosum cytochrome c′ oligomers using domain‐swapped dimers
Authors: Yamanaka Masaru , Hoshizumi Makoto , Nagao Satoshi , Nakayama Ryoko , Shibata Naoki , Higuchi Yoshiki , Hirota Shun
Published: November 2016

The number of artificial protein supramolecules has been increasing; however, control of protein oligomer formation remains challenging. Cytochrome c′ from Allochromatium vinosum (AVCP) is a homodimeric protein in its native form, where its protomer exhibits a four‐helix bundle structure containing a covalently bound five‐coordinate heme as a gas binding site. AVCP exhibits a unique reversible dimer–monomer transition according to the absence and presence of CO. Herein, domain‐swapped dimeric AVCP was constructed and utilized to form a tetramer and high‐order oligomers. The X‐ray crystal structure of oxidized tetrameric AVCP consisted of two monomer subunits and one domain‐swapped dimer subunit, which exchanged the region containing helices αA and αB between protomers. The active site structures of the domain‐swapped dimer subunit and monomer subunits in the tetramer were similar to those of the monomer subunits in the native dimer. The subunit–subunit interactions at the interfaces of the domain‐swapped dimer and monomer subunits in the tetramer were also similar to the subunit–subunit interaction in the native dimer. Reduced tetrameric AVCP dissociated to a domain‐swapped dimer and two monomers upon CO binding. Without monomers, the domain‐swapped dimers formed tetramers, hexamers, and higher‐order oligomers in the absence of CO, whereas the oligomers dissociated to domain‐swapped dimers in the presence of CO, demonstrating that the domain‐swapped dimer maintains the CO‐induced subunit dissociation behavior of native ACVP. These results suggest that protein oligomer formation may be controlled by utilizing domain swapping for a dimer–monomer transition protein.
Autoantibodies Directed Against the Endothelin A Receptor in Patients With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Wallukat Gerd , Jandrig Burkhard , Kunze Rudolf , Wendler Johann J. , Müller Johannes , Schostak Martin , Schimke Ingolf
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND

Over‐stimulation of G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) such as α1‐adrenergic, muscarinic, endothelin, and AT1 receptors is considered to drive benign prostatic hyperplasia (BHP) which is often associated with lower urinary tract syndrome (LUTS). However, in addition to physiologic GPCR ligands, there is a new class of autoantibodies called functional autoantibodies that target the same GPCRs (GPCR‐AABs) for over‐stimulation, thus, presenting pathogenic potency. We hypothesize that patients with BPH/LUTS could carry GPCR‐AABs representing potential targets for treatment.

METHODS

GPCR‐AABs were identified, quantified, and characterized in the serum from 20 patients (aged 55–82 years, median 71 years) with BPH using the bioassay of spontaneously beating cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.

RESULTS

A sum of 60% of the patients were positive for agonistic autoantibodies directed against the endothelin A receptor (ETA‐AABs). ETA‐AABs were associated with the IgG 1 subclass, targeted an epitope located on the second extracellular receptor loop and their agonistic activity could be neutralized by the aptamer BC007.

CONCLUSIONS

Agonistic ETA‐AABs could—via uncontrolled over‐boarding endothelin A receptor stimulation—contribute to the pathogenesis of BPH/LUTS. The in vitro demonstrated ETA‐AAB neutralization by the aptamer BC007 could open the door for a new treatment strategy in patients with BPH/LUTS. Prostate 77:458–465, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protein‐protein and peptide‐protein docking and refinement using ATTRACT in CAPRI
Authors: Schindler Christina E. M. , Chauvot de Beauchêne Isaure , de Vries Sjoerd J. , Zacharias Martin
Published: November 2016

The ATTRACT coarse‐grained docking approach in combination with various types of atomistic, flexible refinement methods has been applied to predict protein‐protein and peptide‐protein complexes in CAPRI rounds 28–36. For a large fraction of CAPRI targets (12 out of 18), at least one model of acceptable or better quality was generated, corresponding to a success rate of 67%. In particular, for several peptide‐protein complexes excellent predictions were achieved. In several cases, a combination of template‐based modeling and extensive molecular dynamics‐based refinement yielded medium and even high quality solutions. In one particularly challenging case, the structure of an ubiquitylation enzyme bound to the nucleosome was correctly predicted as a set of acceptable quality solutions. Based on the experience with the CAPRI targets, new interface refinement approaches and methods for ab‐initio peptide‐protein docking have been developed. Failures and possible improvements of the docking method with respect to scoring and protein flexibility will also be discussed. Proteins 2017; 85:391–398. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sense and simplicity in HADDOCK scoring: Lessons from CASP‐CAPRI round 1
Authors: Vangone A. , Rodrigues J. P. G. L. M. , Xue L. C. , van Zundert G. C. P. , Geng C. , Kurkcuoglu Z. , Nellen M. , Narasimhan S. , Karaca E. , van Dijk M. , Melquiond A. S. J. , Visscher K. M. , Trellet M. , Kastritis P. L. , Bonvin A. M. J. J.
Published: November 2016

Our information‐driven docking approach HADDOCK is a consistent top predictor and scorer since the start of its participation in the CAPRI community‐wide experiment. This sustained performance is due, in part, to its ability to integrate experimental data and/or bioinformatics information into the modelling process, and also to the overall robustness of the scoring function used to assess and rank the predictions. In the CASP‐CAPRI Round 1 scoring experiment we successfully selected acceptable/medium quality models for 18/14 of the 25 targets – a top‐ranking performance among all scorers. Considering that for only 20 targets acceptable models were generated by the community, our effective success rate reaches as high as 90% (18/20). This was achieved using the standard HADDOCK scoring function, which, thirteen years after its original publication, still consists of a simple linear combination of intermolecular van der Waals and Coulomb electrostatics energies and an empirically derived desolvation energy term. Despite its simplicity, this scoring function makes sense from a physico‐chemical perspective, encoding key aspects of biomolecular recognition. In addition to its success in the scoring experiment, the HADDOCK server takes the first place in the server prediction category, with 16 successful predictions. Much like our scoring protocol, because of the limited time per target, the predictions relied mainly on either an ab initio center‐of‐mass and symmetry restrained protocol, or on a template‐based approach whenever applicable. These results underline the success of our simple but sensible prediction and scoring scheme. Proteins 2017; 85:417–423. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The influence of orographic Rossby and gravity waves on rainfall
Authors: Cohen Naftali Y. , Boos William R.
Published: November 2016

Orography is known to influence winter precipitation in Asia and the Indo‐Pacific Ocean by mechanically forcing winds, but the dynamics involved in the precipitation response are incompletely understood. This study investigates how two types of orographically forced oscillatory motions alter time‐mean winds and precipitation. The quasi‐geostrophic omega equation is used together with previous ideas of ‘downward control’ to develop a simple theory of the spatial distribution and amplitude of the vertical motion response to orographically forced stationary Rossby waves and gravity wave drag in a precipitating atmosphere. This theory is then used to understand the response of the boreal winter atmosphere to realistic Asian orography in a global numerical model that includes representations of moist processes and unresolved gravity wave drag. We isolate the effects of the orographically forced stationary Rossby wave and the gravity wave drag by incremental addition of wave sources in this model. The peak precipitation response to the forced Rossby wave is about a factor of three larger than that of the gravity wave drag, but the wave drag response has a distinct spatial structure that dominates in some regions. Both the Rossby wave and the gravity wave drag perturb precipitation in areas distant from orography, producing shifts in the equatorial intertropical convergence zone, an increase in precipitation over southern Asia, and drying in much of northern Asia.
Coordinate frame free Dubins vehicle circumnavigation using only range‐based measurements
Authors: Milutinović Dejan , Casbeer David , Cao Yongcan , Kingston Derek
Published: November 2016

The paper presents a feedback control design that allows a Dubins vehicle to enter a circular trajectory using only range‐based measurements from the vehicle to the center of the trajectory. The controller is derived and analyzed based on a novel state space kinematic model, with the state that is composed of two continuous and one discrete state variables.The evolution of the discrete state variable is not completely defined by the model and the control design has to deal with the ambiguity of this value. Based on the conditions that need to be satisfied for the controller to work, the closed loop dynamics analysis can be performed based on 2D phase portraits, and it can be shown that the controller can work in the case of the bounded turning rate of the vehicle. The conditions define only bounds for the controller parameters and not their specific values. Therefore, the parameters can be selected based on the maximal working range of the controller and linear quadratic regulator design. The proposed control design is illustrated by 2D phase portraits and simulations describing the control implementation, which is based only on range measurements. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the spectral coexistence of GSO and NGSO FSS systems: power control mechanisms and a methodology for inter‐site distance determination
Authors: Pourmoghadas A. , Sharma S. K. , Chatzinotas S. , Ottersten B.
Published: November 2016

The coexistence of geostationary satellite orbit (GSO) and non‐GSO (NGSO) fixed satellite service systems within the same spectrum to enhance the spectrum efficiency in Ka band has attracted many interests lately. However, the coexistence of GSO‐NGSO satellite systems with limited shared spectrum can cause in‐line interference from a satellite to other satellite's earth terminals. In this context, this contribution investigates three possible power control approaches to mitigate the in‐line interference caused by an NGSO satellite to the GSO earth terminal, while the NGSO satellite is crossing the GSO satellite's illumination zone. Moreover, three types of interference mitigation techniques, namely, range‐based, traffic‐aware, and cognitive power control techniques are investigated. Furthermore, to increase the spectrum efficiency of the GSO‐NGSO fixed satellite service terrestrial network, we formulate and solve an optimization problem with the objective of minimizing the inter‐site distance between earth user‐terminals. More specifically, we find the minimum distance from a GSO earth terminal, where an NGSO earth terminal can be implemented subject to minimizing received interference level at the victim system. Finally, our comparative results show that the cognitive power control technique performs the best in protecting the victim receiver from the in‐line interference. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
sFlt‐1/PlGF for prediction of early‐onset pre‐eclampsia: STEPS (Study of Early Pre‐eclampsia in Spain)
Authors: Perales A. , Delgado J. L. , de la Calle M. , García‐Hernández J. A. , Escudero A. I. , Campillos J. M. , Sarabia M. D. , Laíz B. , Duque M. , Navarro M. , Calmarza P. , Hund M. , Álvarez F. V. ,   STEPS investigators
Published: November 2016

Objective

A high ratio of soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) to placental growth factor (PlGF) has been linked to pre‐eclampsia (PE). We evaluated the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio as a predictive marker for early‐onset PE in women at risk of PE.

Methods

This prospective, Spanish, multicenter study included pregnant women with a risk factor for PE, including intrauterine growth restriction, PE, eclampsia or hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count syndrome in previous pregnancy, pregestational diabetes or abnormal uterine artery Doppler. The primary objective was to show that the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio at 20, 24 and 28 weeks' gestation was predictive of early‐onset PE (< 34 + 0 weeks). Serum sFlt‐1 and PlGF were measured at 20, 24 and 28 weeks. Multivariate logistic regression was used to develop a predictive model.

Results

A total of 819 women were enrolled, of which 729 were suitable for analysis. Of these, 78 (10.7%) women developed PE (24 early onset and 54 late onset). Median sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio at 20, 24 and 28 weeks was 6.3 (interquartile range (IQR), 4.1–9.3), 4.0 (IQR, 2.6–6.3) and 3.3 (IQR, 2.0–5.9), respectively, for women who did not develop PE (controls); 14.5 (IQR, 5.5–43.7), 18.4 (IQR, 8.2–57.9) and 51.9 (IQR, 11.5–145.6) for women with early‐onset PE; and 6.7 (IQR, 4.6–9.9), 4.7 (IQR, 2.8–7.2) and 6.0 (IQR, 3.8–10.5) for women with late‐onset PE. Compared with early‐onset PE, the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio was significantly lower in controls (P < 0.001 at each timepoint) and in women with chronic hypertension (P < 0.001 at each timepoint), gestational hypertension (P < 0.001 at each timepoint) and late‐onset PE (P < 0.001 at each timepoint). A prediction model for early‐onset PE was developed, which included the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio plus mean arterial pressure, being parous and previous PE, with areas under the receiver–operating characteristics curves of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.77–0.95), 0.91 (95% CI, 0.85–0.97) and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.86–0.99) at 20, 24 and 28 weeks, respectively, and was superior to models using the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio alone or uterine artery mean pulsatility index.

Conclusions

The sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio can improve prediction of early‐onset PE for women at risk of this condition. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Effects of temperature acclimation on the critical thermal limits and swimming performance of Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis: a threatened fish in Qinling Mountain region of China
Authors: Xia Jigang , Ma Yijie , Fu Cheng , Fu Shijian , Cooke Steven J.
Published: November 2016

Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis is an endangered teleost fish species that occurs in the Qinling Mountain region of China. It also happens to represent the southernmost distribution of an endemic Salmonid fish worldwide. Recently, the habitat of this species shifted towards a higher altitude presumably because of climate change, indicating that this species might be suffering from thermal stress. However, information on the thermal physiology of this species is extremely limited. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of acclimation temperature (6, 12, and 18 °C) on ecologically relevant end points such as critical thermal limits, swimming performance and metabolic rate. Our results showed that elevated acclimation temperatures resulted in increased thermal tolerance and decreased swimming efficiency. High temperature (i.e., 18 °C) did not have a marked effect on the critical swimming speed and the maximum metabolic rate but caused an increase in the energetic cost of transport compared with the results at 12 °C. Interestingly, we found that both the acclimation response ratio and the critical thermal maxima of B. lenok tsinlingensis were higher than that of many other Salmonidae fishes, suggesting that this species responds plastically to temperature changes and has a high thermal tolerance. These characteristics are hypothesized to be related to the southernmost distribution of this species.
Antioxidant (Tocopherol and Canolol) Content in Rapeseed Oil Obtained from Roasted Yellow‐Seeded Brassica napus
Authors: Siger Aleksander , Gawrysiak‐Witulska Marzena , Bartkowiak‐Broda Iwona
Published: November 2016

In this study, the effect of temperature (140, 160, 180 °C) and roasting time (5, 10, 15 min) on the bioactive compound content (canolol, tocopherol and plastochromanol‐8) of cold‐pressed oil from yellow‐seeded rapeseed lines of different colors was investigated. Roasting increased the peroxide value in the seed oils compared to the oils from the control samples. However, roasting did not affect the acid values of the oils, which were 1.15–1.47 and 1.30–1.40 mg KOH/g, for line PN1 03/1i/14 (yellow seeds) and line PN1 563/1i/14 (brown seeds), respectively. In this study, the seeds of line PN1 03/1i/14 were characterized by different changes in canolol content during roasting than the seeds of PN1 563/1i/14. There was a 90‐fold increase in canolol for the line PN1 03/1i/14 (768.26 µg/g) and a 46‐fold increase for the line PN1 563/1i/14 (576.43 µg/g). Changes in tocopherol and PC‐8 contents were also observed. There was an increase in the contents of γ‐T and PC‐8 in the oils obtained from the seeds roasted at 180 °C for 10 and 15 min. γ‐T content increased by 17–18% after 15 min of roasting, whereas the PC‐8 content increased twofold.
McKinseyisierung oder Regierungsprojekt? Unternehmensberatungen in der strategischen Stadtentwicklung. Das Beispiel „Metropole Hamburg – Wachsende Stadt“
Authors: Vogelpohl Anne
Published: November 2016

At the beginning of the millennium, Hamburg’s urban strategy “Metropolis Hamburg – Growing City” was a sensation for urban studies and urban planning. On one hand, it was one of the first urban policy papers that explicitly focused on growth, on the other hand, entirely new actor constellations within urban development became apparent because external experts like management consultants were identified as key actor besides urban government and planning department. This was generalized as “McKinseyization“. Taking Hamburg as an example, this paper addresses the questions which role the consultancy McKinsey played for the Growing City Strategy and what McKinseyization of urban development means against this background. These questions are still highly relevant because management consultants are regularly involved in urban and regional development strategies ever since then. In order to bind these diverse topics together, I begin with introducing the interrelationships between strategic urban development and consulting. Then I will elaborate the concrete interrelationship between Hamburg’s strategy and McKinsey’s paper “Hamburg Vision 2020” from 2001. The analysis shows that the thesis of a McKinseyization needs to be re-evaluated: from a direct influence of McKinsey towards the production of a context which enables the establishment of new entrepreneurial urban policies. Finally I qualify the dimensions characterizing a McKinseyization. The paper thus contributes to a still pending processing of the Growing City strategy‘s roots and generally synthesizes the complex context of origin of strategic urban development under the influence of external advice.
Manifestation of J wave induced by acetylcholine applied for a coronary spasm provocation test in a patient with aborted sudden cardiac death
Authors: Kodama Hiroyuki , Fujita Kazumasa , Moriyama Shouhei , Irie Kei , Noda Hirotaka , Yokoyama Taku , Fukata Mitsuhiro , Arita Takeshi , Odashiro Keita , Maruyama Toru , Akashi Koichi
Published: November 2016

A 51‐year‐old man with a resuscitation episode was referred to our hospital. Coronary angiography revealed a focal spasm overlapped with organic stenosis where a bare metal stent was implanted. Acetylcholine (ACh) provocation test did not induce chest pain. It revealed no discernible ST‐T changes but unmasked a J wave at the end of the QRS complex, which was associated with short‐coupled repetitive premature ventricular beats. A J wave reportedly appears immediately before the onset of ventricular fibrillation caused by vasospastic angina. However, a J wave observed newly after a coronary spasm provocation test using ACh without ST‐T changes is informative when considering the mechanisms of the J wave.
A full, self-consistent treatment of thermal wind balance on oblate fluid planets
Authors: Galanti Eli , Kaspi Yohai , Tziperman Eli
Published: November 2016

The nature of the flow below the cloud level on Jupiter and Saturn is still unknown. Relating the flow on these planets to perturbations in their density field is key to the analysis of the gravity measurements expected from both the Juno (Jupiter) and Cassini (Saturn) spacecrafts during 2016–2018. Both missions will provide latitude-dependent gravity fields, which in principle could be inverted to calculate the vertical structure of the observed cloud-level zonal flow on these planets. Theories to date connecting the gravity field and the flow structure have been limited to potential theories under a barotropic assumption, or estimates based on thermal wind balance that allow baroclinic wind structures to be analysed, but have made simplifying assumptions that neglected several physical effects. These include the effects of the deviations from spherical symmetry, the centrifugal force due to density perturbations and self-gravitational effects of the density perturbations. Recent studies attempted to include some of these neglected terms, but lacked an overall approach that is able to include all effects in a self-consistent manner. The present study introduces such a self-consistent perturbation approach to the thermal wind balance that incorporates all physical effects, and applies it to several example wind structures, both barotropic and baroclinic. The contribution of each term is analysed, and the results are compared in the barotropic limit with those of potential theory. It is found that the dominant balance involves the original simplified thermal wind approach. This balance produces a good order-of-magnitude estimate of the gravitational moments, and is able, therefore, to address the order one question of how deep the flows are given measurements of gravitational moments. The additional terms are significantly smaller yet can affect the gravitational moments to some degree. However, none of these terms is dominant so any approximation attempting to improve over the simplified thermal wind approach needs to include all other terms.
Radiation of short waves from the resonantly excited capillary–gravity waves
Authors: Hirata M. , Okino S. , Hanazaki H.
Published: November 2016

Capillary–gravity waves resonantly excited by an obstacle (Froude number: $Fr=1$) are investigated by the numerical solution of the Euler equations. The radiation of short waves from the long nonlinear waves is observed when the capillary effects are weak (Bond number: $Bo<1/3$). The upstream-advancing solitary wave radiates a short linear wave whose phase velocity is equal to the solitary waves and group velocity is faster than the solitary wave (soliton radiation). Therefore, the short wave is observed upstream of the foremost solitary wave. The downstream cnoidal wave also radiates a short wave which propagates upstream in the depression region between the obstacle and the cnoidal wave. The short wave interacts with the long wave above the obstacle, and generates a second short wave which propagates downstream. These generation processes will be repeated, and the number of wavenumber components in the depression region increases with time to generate a complicated wave pattern. The upstream soliton radiation can be predicted qualitatively by the fifth-order forced Korteweg–de Vries equation, but the equation overestimates the wavelength since it is based on a long-wave approximation. At a large Bond number of $Bo=2/3$, the wave pattern has the rotation symmetry against the pattern at $Bo=0$, and the depression solitary waves propagate downstream.
Extrusion of fluid cylinders of arbitrary shape with surface tension and gravity
Authors: Tronnolone Hayden , Stokes Yvonne M. , Ebendorff-Heidepriem Heike
Published: November 2016

A model is developed for the extrusion in the direction of gravity of a slender fluid cylinder from a die of arbitrary shape. Both gravity and surface tension act to stretch and deform the geometry. The model allows for an arbitrary but prescribed viscosity profile, while the effects of extrudate swell are neglected. The solution is found efficiently through the use of a carefully selected axial Lagrangian coordinate and a transformation to a reduced-time variable. Comparisons between the model and extruded glass microstructured optical fibre preforms show that surface tension has a significant effect on the geometry but the model does not capture all of the behaviour observed in practice. Experimental observations are used in conjunction with the model to argue that some deformation, due neither to surface tension nor gravity, occurs in or near the die exit. Methods are considered to overcome deformation due to surface tension.
Authority and ownership: the growth and wilting of medicine patenting in Georgian England
Authors: MACKINTOSH ALAN
Published: November 2016

Secret, owned, Georgian medicines were normally known as patent medicines, though few had a current patent. Up to 1830, just 117 medicines had been patented, whilst over 1,300 were listed for taxation as ‘patent medicines’. What were the benefits of patenting? Did medicine patenting affect consumer perception, and how was this used as a marketing tool? What were the boundaries of medical patenting? Patents for therapeutic preparations provided an apparent government guarantee on the source and composition of widely available products, while the patenting of medical devices seems to have been used to grant a temporary monopoly for the inventor's benefit.
A barrier to medical treatment? British medical practitioners, medical appliances and the patent controversy, 1870–1920
Authors: JONES CLAIRE L.
Published: November 2016

From the late nineteenth century onwards there emerged an increasingly diverse response to escalating patenting activity. Inventors were generally supportive of legislation that made patenting more accessible, while others, especially manufacturers, saw patenting culture as an impediment. The medical profession claimed that patenting represented ‘a barrier to medical treatment’ and was thus detrimental to the nation's health, yet, as I argue, the profession's development of strict codes of conduct forbidding practitioners from patenting resulted in rebellion from some members, who increasingly sought protection for their inventions. Such polarized opinions within the medical trade continue to affect current medical practice today.
Message framing in the context of the national menu-labelling policy: a comparison of public health and private industry interests
Authors: Shelton Rachel C , Colgrove James , Lee Grace , Truong Michelle , Wingood Gina M
Published: November 2016

Objective

We conducted a content analysis of public comments to understand the key framing approaches used by private industryv. public health sector, with the goal of informing future public health messaging, framing and advocacy in the context of policy making.

Design

Comments to the proposed menu-labelling policy were extracted from Regulations.gov and analysed. A framing matrix was used to organize and code key devices and themes. Documents were analysed using content analysis with Dedoose software.

Setting

Recent national nutrition-labelling regulations in the USA provide a timely opportunity to understand message framing in relation to obesity prevention and policy.

Subjects

We examined a total of ninety-seven documents submitted on behalf of organizations (private industry,n64; public health,n33).

Results

Public health focused on positive health consequences of the policy, used a social justice frame and supported its arguments with academic data. Industry was more critical of the policy; it used a market justice frame that emphasized minimal regulation, depicted its members as small, family-run businesses, and illustrated points with humanizing examples.

Conclusions

Public health framing should counter and consider engaging directly with non-health-related arguments made by industry. Public health should include more powerful framing devices to convey their messages, including metaphors and humanizing examples.