bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient Selection for Adult Ambulatory Surgery: A Narrative Review
Authors: Rajan Niraja , Rosero Eric B. , Joshi Girish P.
Published: November 2021

With migration of medically complex patients undergoing more extensive surgical procedures to the ambulatory setting, selecting the appropriate patient is vital. Patient selection can impact patient safety, efficiency, and reportable outcomes at ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs). Identifying suitability for ambulatory surgery is a dynamic process that depends on a complex interplay between the surgical procedure, patient characteristics, and the expected anesthetic technique (eg, sedation/analgesia, local/regional anesthesia, or general anesthesia). In addition, the type of ambulatory setting (ie, short-stay facilities, hospital-based ambulatory center, freestanding ambulatory center, and office-based surgery) and social factors, such as availability of a responsible individual to take care of the patient at home, can also influence patient selection. The purpose of this review is to present current best evidence that would provide guidance to the ambulatory anesthesiologist in making an informed decision regarding patient selection for surgical procedures in freestanding ambulatory facilities.
target: an R package to predict combined function of transcription factors
Authors: Ahmed Mahmoud , Kim Deok Ryong
Published: November 2021

Researchers use ChIP binding data to identify potential transcription factor binding sites. Similarly, they use gene expression data from sequencing or microarrays to quantify the effect of the transcription factor overexpression or knockdown on its targets. Therefore, the integration of the binding and expression data can be used to improve the understanding of a transcription factor function. Here, we implemented the binding and expression target analysis (BETA) in an R/Bioconductor package. This algorithm ranks the targets based on the distances of their assigned peaks from the transcription factor ChIP experiment and the signed statistics from gene expression profiling with transcription factor perturbation. We further extend BETA to integrate two sets of data from two transcription factors to predict their targets and their combined functions. In this article, we briefly describe the workings of the algorithm and provide a workflow with a real dataset for using it. The gene targets and the aggregate functions of transcription factors YY1 and YY2 in HeLa cells were identified. Using the same datasets, we identified the shared targets of the two transcription factors, which were found to be, on average, more cooperatively regulated.
Effectiveness of strengthening exercise plus activities of daily living instructions in reducing pain in patients with lumbar disc herniation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sany Shabbir Ahmed , Shahriar MD Imam , Nyme Zannatun , Tanjim Taukir
Published: November 2021

Background: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is one of the most common causes of chronic low back pain (CLBP) with sciatica. The exercise intervention was found effective in improving CLBP, although a paucity of research evaluated the effectiveness of exercise intervention to alleviate CLBP due to LDH. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of back and hip strengthening exercises and activities of daily living instructions (ADLIs) to improve CLBP with sciatica due to LDH.

Method: This assessor-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted on 70 patients with CLBP with sciatica due to LDH. The patients were randomly allocated either in the intervention group (IG) or control group (CG). Patients in IG received both back and hip strengthening exercises five days a week for six weeks. Patients in CG received pharmacological therapy for three weeks, followed by hot moist compression for another three weeks. Patients of both groups followed the ADLIs at the time of the intervention and at least three months after the intervention. Back pain intensity and perceived pain due to sciatica were measured by the Visual Analogue Scale and range of hip flexion during the Straight Leg Raising Test, respectively, at three weeks and six weeks of intervention, and three months after the intervention.

Results: Back pain and sciatica improved significantly (p < 0.05) in both groups at the end of the intervention and follow-up, while the IG showed significantly better improvements (p < 0.05) at the end of the intervention. However, only ADLIs were not adequate to sustain the improvements after the intervention.

Conclusion: The combination of back and hip strengthening exercises and ADLIs improves CLBP with sciatica due to LDH. Nevertheless, it is required to instruct patients to follow ADLIs and perform strengthening exercises regularly to maintain the improvements.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05021718.
Ribo-Seq and RNA-Seq of TMA46 (DFRP1) and GIR2 (DFRP2) knockout yeast strains
Authors: Egorov Artyom A. , Makeeva Desislava S. , Makarova Nadezhda E. , Bykov Dmitri A. , Hrytseniuk Yanislav S. , Mitkevich Olga V. , Urakov Valery N. , Alexandrov Alexander I. , Kulakovskiy Ivan V. , Dmitriev Sergey E.
Published: November 2021

In eukaryotes, stalled and collided ribosomes are recognized by several conserved multicomponent systems, which either block protein synthesis in situ and resolve the collision locally, or trigger a general stress response. Yeast ribosome-binding GTPases RBG1 (DRG1 in mammals) and RBG2 (DRG2) form two distinct heterodimers with TMA46 (DFRP1) and GIR2 (DFRP2), respectively, both involved in mRNA translation. Accumulated evidence suggests that the dimers play partially redundant roles in elongation processivity and resolution of ribosome stalling and collision events, as well as in the regulation of GCN1-mediated signaling involved in ribosome-associated quality control (RQC). They also genetically interact with SLH1 (ASCC3) helicase, a key component of RQC trigger (RQT) complex disassembling collided ribosomes. Here, we present RNA-Seq and ribosome profiling (Ribo-Seq) data from S. cerevisiae strains with individual deletions of the TMA46 and GIR2 genes. Raw RNA-Seq and Ribo-Seq data as well as gene-level read counts are available in NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository under GEO accession GSE185458 and GSE185286.
Seller Organization and Percentage Fee Design in the Daily Deal Market
Authors: Tang Yao , Guan Xu
Published: November 2021

The prosperity of the daily deal business has attracted more sellers to participate in daily deal campaigns with offering discounted deals via online platforms like Groupon and Juhuasuan. This gives rise to a new challenge for online platforms on how to efficiently organize a limited number of sellers to conduct daily deal campaigns. Our paper makes the first attempt to understand how different seller organization formats can influence the firms’ equilibrium strategies and profits in the daily deal market. We focus on two prevalent seller organization formats. (1) The seller agglomeration strategy: the platform (e.g., Groupon) does not distinguish the sellers’ type in each round of the campaign. (2) The seller segmentation strategy: the platform (e.g., Juhuasuan) organizes sellers of the same type in each round. Comparing to the agglomeration strategy, we show that the segmentation strategy can eliminate internal information asymmetry among competing sellers and thus can improve the sellers’ pricing efficiency and facilitate the platform to charge a higher percentage fee. This uncovers the value of seller segmentation and theoretically explains why platforms should carefully segmentate sellers in daily deal campaigns, although considerable efforts are required to enroll sellers.
The Novelty of Innovation: Competition, Disruption, and Antitrust Policy
Authors: Callander Steven , Matouschek Niko
Published: November 2021

We develop a model to capture the novelty of innovation and explore what it means for the nature of market competition and quality of innovations. An innovator decides not only whether to innovate but how boldly to innovate, where the more novel is the innovation—the more different it is from what has come before—the more uncertain is the outcome. We show in this environment that a variant of the Arrow replacement effect holds in that new entrants pursue more innovative technologies than do incumbents. Despite this, we show that the new entrant is less likely to disrupt an incumbent than the incumbent is to disrupt itself, and less likely to fail in the market. We extend the model to allow the incumbent to acquire the entrant postinnovation and show that this reverses the Arrow effect. The prospect of acquisition makes innovation more profitable but simultaneously suppresses the novelty of innovation as the entrant seeks to maximize her value to the incumbent. This reversal suggests a positive role for a strict antitrust policy that spurs entrepreneurial firms to innovate boldly.

This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.
Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles: An Innovative Business Model for Utility Firms
Authors: Wu Owen Q. , Yücel Şafak , Zhou Yangfang (Helen)
Published: November 2021

Problem definition: By providing an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional vehicles, electric vehicles will transform urban mobility, particularly in smart cities. In practice, after an electric vehicle is plugged in, the charging station completes charging as soon as possible. Given that the procurement cost of electricity and associated emissions vary significantly during a day, substantial savings can be achieved by smart charging—delaying charging until the cost is lower. In this paper, we study smart charging as an innovative business model for utility firms. Academic/practical relevance: Utility firms are already investing in charging stations, and they can achieve significant cost savings through smart charging. Methodology: We consider a mechanism design problem in which a utility firm first announces pairs of charging price and completion time. Then, each customer selects the pair that maximizes their utility. Given the selected completion times, the utility firm solves the optimal control problem of determining the charging schedule that minimizes the cost of charging under endogenous, time-varying electricity procurement cost. We assume that there are ample parking spots with chargers at the charging station. Results: We devise an intuitive and practically implementable policy for scheduling charging of electric vehicles under given completion times. We prove that this policy is optimal if all customers arrive at the station simultaneously. We also characterize the optimal pairs of charging price and completion time. By using real electricity demand and generation data from the largest electricity market in the United States, we find that cost and emissions savings from smart charging are approximately 20% and 15%, respectively, during a typical summer month. Managerial implications: In contrast to the current practice of charging vehicles without delay, we show that it is economically and environmentally beneficial to delay charging some vehicles and to set charging prices based on customers’ inconvenience cost of delays. We also find that most of the savings from implementing smart charging can be achieved during peak-demand days, highlighting the effectiveness of smart charging.
Os caminhos entrelaçados das docentes do Instituto profissional feminino Orsina da Fonseca (IPFOF)
Authors: Alves Teresa Vitória Fernandes
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir a trajetória de três professoras que atuaram no Instituto Profissional Feminino Orsina da Fonseca (IPFOF) entre as décadas de 1910 e 1935. É de fato intrigante que as pesquisas referentes à essa instituição não ressaltem a história dos grandes nomes femininos atrelados a história da instituição, tais como, das professoras Leolinda Daltro e Lucília Guimarães Villa-Lobos. A pesquisa que embasa a escrita desse artigo insere-se no campo da História da Educação Feminina no Brasil, objetivando analisar a atuação de mulheres no magistério sendo essas responsáveis pela instrução de meninas e moças órfãs partindo de novos métodos de ensino e de organização do espaço escolar, com base nas ideias pedagógicas que são implantadas dentro do IPFOF. Quando se aborda a história das escolas femininas logo se argumenta que elas serviam para formar mulheres prontas para serem boas esposas, mãe de família, do lar ou trabalhadoras para a indústria e comércio, mulheres prendadas, rendeiras, dedicadas aos trabalhos de linha e agulha. Contudo apesar de muitas pesquisas apontarem esse destino para o Instituto Profissional Feminino Orsina da Fonseca, como se dentro de seus muros pudéssemos encontrar uma grande colmeia laboriosa, cabe ressaltar as singularidades que nos despertam curiosidades e destoam deste cenário de cama e mesa.
A educação no encontro das diferenças: os brasileiros em Portugal
Authors: Ribeiro Juliana Cardoso , Anjos Neto João Dantas dos , Silva Luis Arthur Da Costa
Published: November 2021

O artigo analisa a interferência da variedade linguística entre o português brasileiro e o europeu nas experiências de imigrantes brasileiros em Portugal e qual a importância desse tema na elaboração de políticas de promoção da multiculturalidade, para além das políticas educacionais, naquele país receptor. A variante brasileira do idioma causa um conflito de alteridade que o nacional português traduz em práticas discriminatórias de diferenciação do imigrante brasileiro. Partindo de uma pesquisa exploratória e não probabilística, desdobrada em observação não participante, entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas, grupo focal e análise de conteúdo, conclui-se que o assunto deve constar nas políticas do Estado português de fomento à multiculturalidade e integração de imigrantes.
Ressignificando o fracasso escolar: da dificuldade de aprendizagem à injustiça cognitiva – ensinar e aprender com artes
Authors: Pérez Carmen Lúcia Vidal , Barboza Nathália Fonseca da Silva , Garcia Vânia Baptista
Published: November 2021

Nosso objetivo é investigar a formulação de outras possibilidades para a ação educativa a partir da concepção de Injustiças Cognitivas. A pesquisa se desenvolve num ambulatório de Neuropsiquiatria Infantil, que atende crianças e adolescentes, das classes populares. O que sabe quem não sabe? Tal pergunta nos lança no contra movimento de aprender com as crianças como ensiná-las. Ao narrar as experiências vividas com um grupo de 16 crianças e adolescentes, buscamos refletir sobre suas conquistas. Para nós a arte é um dispositivo de inter(in)venção, pois entendemos que a expressão artística revela sentimentos ocultos, porém, muito importantes que auxiliam o mediador (professores e terapeutas) a melhor atender às necessidades do educando no período escolar.
"Ocean catcher. History of the Odyssey" by V. Yermolenko as a postmodernist novel
Authors:   Poltava V. G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University, Lenska S. V.
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the literary analysis of Volodymyr Yermolenko's novel „The Ocean Catcher. History of Odyssey” as a sample of postmodern prose. In modern literary criticism, this is the first attempt at a scientific study of the work. Volodymyr Yermolenko is a scientist-philosopher and political scientist, author of scientific works, translator, essayist, TV presenter. „Ocean catcher. The Story of Odysseusˮ is his first experience in the field of fiction. The novel is like a continuation of the plot of Homer's „Odysseyˮ, but the writer only starts from the ancient plot and the mythical hero. He develops his own myth of good and evil, guilt and redemption, the search for meaning in life and finding one's own identity. His hero interacts with women, not so much seeking pleasure, as seeking to know love in its various manifestations. He analyzes his life, travels to places where he has been, and even descends into the realm of the dead to ask forgiveness from those he has offended. The poetics of the novel fit perfectly into the canon of postmodernism: author's myth; saturation of the text with philosophical reflections; introduction of several narrators; intertextuality, associations, contamination of several myths (Ariadne and Theseus, Dionysus, Cassandra). Synthetic genre structure – a combination of elements of adventure novel, travelogue, love novel, myth novel. Analysis of the novel convinces in the postmodern poetics of the work.
Nadezhda Teffi at the reception of Irina Odoevtseva
Authors:   Northwest University, Lee Lee
Published: November 2021

The article emphasizes that memoirs contribute to understanding the context of the literary era, allow a deeper understanding of the features of interpersonal relations and the character of writers. The author of the article emphasizes that a special place among the numerous memoirs is occupied by the book of memoirs of the writer of the Silver Age and the Russian diaspora of the first wave of emigration I. Odoevtseva „On the Banks of the Seine”. In these memoirs, I. Odoevtseva's reception of the personality of the Russian writer, author of humorous works N. Teffi is presented. The article emphasizes that the poetics of the memoirs is characterized by the peculiarity of the author's position. I. Odoevtseva is always in the shadows, does not show herself, it is important for her to represent the personality of the writer, she speaks about herself only in connection with the need to recreate this or that context of memoirs. This position of a witness, a person who is in the shadows, makes memories valuable, gives them credibility and testifies to the professionalism of I. Odoevtseva. The memoirs about N. Teffi emphasize the self-irony of the writer, who devoted her work to satirical and humorous literature. The article emphasizes that N. Teffi's self-irony is evidenced by her ability to see her own shortcomings and laugh at herself. The article proves that the Russian writer was deeply immersed in her writing skills and embodied her own life situations in her works. The memoirs of I. Odoevtseva contain N. Teffi's admission that she writes off many of her characters, making the features of her character, episodes of her own life the subject of creative reflection. In various episodes of I. Odoevtseva's memoirs, the inner convictions of the Russian writer are revealed, which help to comprehend the psychological portrait of N. Teffi, the peculiarities of her personality, and worldview. The book „On the Banks of the Seine” presents N. Teffi's self-characterization, which allows you to see her attitude to her work. The writer did not take her humorous talent seriously and this is a manifestation of the author's talent. The memoirist emphasizes the importance of the writer in émigré circles, and focuses on the responses of other, no less significant, authors about her.
Peculiarities of the translation of English-language financial terminology through the prism of metaphorization
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Gudkova N. M.
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of the translation of English financial terminology. It is emphasized that professional terminology as the main source of replenishment of vocabulary of general literary language arouses non-accidental interest of foreign language teachers in the methods of teaching translation of special texts and, accordingly, terms within the course „Foreign language for specific purposes”. The necessity of searching for new methods of teaching students professional vocabulary, the purpose of which would not be memorizing a certain lexical minimum, but the formation of skills of understanding the mechanisms underlying the formation of terms, is substantiated. It is proved that within the framework of the problem-activity approach to teaching a foreign language for specific purposes, an effective method of translating economic terms is to study their etymology through the prism of metaphorization, which is one of the most effective methods of term formation in the financial sphere of English. Analysis of financial terms of metaphorical origin, which describes human activity in the stock market within the framework of the metaphor „a man is an animal”, led to the conclusion that the most used names of animals that act as term-forming components in the process of metaphorizing the financial terminology of the English language are the words such as bull, bear, rabbit / hare, turtle, pig, ostrich, sheep, dog, stag, wolf, lame duck, whale, shark. It is proved that the formation of foreign language terminological literacy of students provides for the presentation of the studied material in the form of a conceptual model and a visual description of economic concepts based on prototypical ideas about animals. The study of the main features of the functioning of zoomorphic terms in specific English-language texts was carried out using terminological and explanatory dictionaries, as well as analytical reviews of financial markets.
The meaning of biblical elements in the composition of Slavic phraseological units
Authors:   Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Zavarynska I. F. , Nestajko I. M. ,   Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University
Published: November 2021

The article considers the specifics of the semantics of the meaning of biblical elements in the composition of Slavic phraseological units, the etymology of which is based on the ideas of the Old and New Testaments is reflected in the symbolism, which is embedded in the knowledge of Christianity, in the plots of biblical texts, oral folklore and it is a precedent for a particular linguistic culture. In associative onims-components of phraseological units, motivation is expressed indirectly, with the help of different types (axiological, symbolic) associations without direct naming of the motivational feature. Symbolism can be said if a certain biblical name has the same connotation in at least several phraseological contexts. The study of language units with biblical components in the linguistic and cultural aspect involves solving a primary task – a comparative analysis of precedent information of Slavic biblical phraseology and the study of their anthropocentric and anthropometric imagery.
The Use of Interactive Methods in Comprehensive Teaching of the Russian Language and Culture of Speech to Foreigners
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Kirichenko O. M. , Shpetna S. A. ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University
Published: November 2021

The article examines the problems of using interactive methods in the comprehensive teaching of the Russian language and culture of speech to foreigners based on the experience of teachers, working at the Department of World Literature and Russian Linguistics of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University. The author also analyses current interactive forms and methods of education, considering the specifics of the subjects taught. The problem of interactive teaching as a form of educational process is discussed on the example of students studying the discipline „The Russian language and culture of speech”. The methods of interactive teaching, used during practical classes in the aforementioned discipline, are demonstrated as an illustration of some theoretical provisions that reveal the very essence of interactive teaching. According to the author, the technology of interactive teaching is an effective means of intensification and optimization of the educational process, as well as increasing the interest and motivation of students to learn Russian as a foreign language. The use of interactive teaching technology in the process of preparation of a teacher to school contributes to the development and improvement of foreign language communication skills of future professionals and the formation of their personal and professional qualities, which is the key to successful functioning in modern educational space.
Integrated approach to the analysis of the text of a work of fiction at the lessons of Foreign Literature
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Nedaynova T. B.
Published: November 2021

The current problems of professional competence of literary texts analysis development of prospective Foreign Literature teachers on the background of an integrated approach are considered in the given study. It is established that the introduction of this approach is carried out in the process of developing students’ personal image of each lesson topic in accordance with the school curriculum, expanding students’ associative links, their ability to interact with cultural images of different eras and countries, developing emotional and value-based attitude to the world and their place in it. The aim of the research is to develop the technique of an integrated approach to the analysis of a literary text taking into account aesthetic, culturological, and psychological backgrounds of perception of a literary text as a fiction text, age peculiarities of students’ understanding and interpretation of literary works. In the process of the given study it is found out that the introduction of the idea of an integrated approach to the text analysis in school encourages the teacher to go beyond their subject, when the teacher is able to comprehend the material from philosophical, literary, art, and cultural standpoints, aware of the place of their subject in culture; in the course of the analysis of the literary text the teacher uses various possibilities of interaction of literature with other kinds of art to provide direct participation of pupils in the independent analysis of the literary text and the organization of their art and creative activity at the lesson. The range of opening tasks that the teacher must perform in the course of preparation for such a literature lesson is defined. On the background of the analysis of the experience of teachers-practitioners, students’ answers and their creative work it is concluded that the creative activity of teachers and students within an integrated approach to the text analysis cannot be limited by mentioned activities in the classroom but it should be closely connected with extracurricular activities as well.
The concept «floodplain» in V. Rutkivsky's novel "Dzhuras of Cossack Shvaika"
Authors:   Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, Kravchenko O. L. , Galenko A. M. ,   Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University
Published: November 2021

The author's concept floodplain in V. Rutkivsky's novel „Dzhuras of Cossack Shvaika” is analyzed in the article. It is proved that this concept is manifested on the plot, composition, space-time, character and image levels. Leaving at its core a common meaning, the concept floodplain acquires uncharacteristic meanings. In the author's picture of the world, they appeal to both geographical space of Ukraine and its history, mean a new historical force that begins to form in the late fifteenth century and stands on the defense of Ukrainian lands, indicate a gradual change of cyclical thinking to linear, the emergence of a historical person with a new self-identification. V. Rutkivsky shows the psychological mechanisms of Ukrainians self-determination in the context of social and political relations, which determines the cognitive model of political behavior’s motivation. Characters are grouped on a locative basis: concept floodplain correlates with Cossacks, their antagonists are associated with the concept of the steppe. Loci with which the warring forces are associated, determine the different ways of fighting: Cossacks are in no hurry to go to the steppe, and Tatars bypass floodplain. The attitude to floodplain marks characters, plays a characterological role. Floodplain play a key role at compositional level, as shown by the titles of the chapters: „Court in the floodplains”, „Battle in the floodplains”. The culmination of the novel is transferred by the author to the now „own” territory for the Cossacks – in the floodplain, where they win. The concept floodplain used by the writer to create the figurative structure of the novel, including metaphors, place metonyms, antitheses, hyperbole, sarcasm, chiasm.
Representation of the concept of Love in Marina Tsvetaeva's epistolary and in the works of Russian philosophers
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Minaieva E. V.
Published: November 2021

The article highlights and examines several important gender characteristics of the concept of „love” based on the material of Marina Tsvetaeva's epistolary texts, namely: immensity, spontaneity, conflict of body and soul, pain, maternal care. The activity characteristic of the immensity in the letters of M. Tsvetaeva testifies to the high degree of the author's entry into the spiritual sphere. The gender characteristic of the immensity in Tsvetaeva's texts correspond to the features of female love described by the philosopher N. Berdyaev. The characteristic of spontaneity is manifested in the fact that Tsvetaeva perceives love as an element, an independent force that a person is not able to control. The gender characteristic of the conflict of soul and body was highlighted on the basis that Tsvetaeva was often in a state of internal conflict, soul and body came into confrontation. The gender characteristic of the conflict of soul and body is also based on the fact that Marina Tsvetaeva reproached men that they are largely interested not in the soul of a woman, but her body. The gender characteristic of pain is manifested in the fact that, despite the fact that the words „pain”, „suffering” usually has a negative connotation, a woman has a unique ability to penetrate through them into the very depths of the phenomena of the inner and surrounding worlds, as both Marina Tsvetaeva and Russian philosophers write about. Pain and suffering, therefore, take an active part in shaping a woman's worldview. The gender characteristic of maternal care is highlighted as active in Marina Tsvetaeva's epistolary, and the connection between the female picture of the world and this sign of the concept of Love was also recorded by Russian philosophers. The study showed that the conceptual analysis of literary texts makes it possible to reconstruct and correlate the metagender and gender characteristics of cultural constants, taking into account the idiosyncratic features of a particular author. The inclusion of the gender parameter in the linguistic consideration of concepts allows us to significantly expand the idea of language as a means of constructing a picture of the world, including an artistic one.
The Theme of Inclusion in Alan Marshall's story "I can jump puddles"
Authors:   Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University, Zemlianska A. V.
Published: November 2021

The article highlights the peculiarities of revealing the theme of inclusion in the story of the Australian writer. It is emphasized that inclusive literature is becoming a popular trend in the art of speech, aimed at revealing the image of a person with disabilities and acquainting the readership with the peculiarities of socialization and adaptation and the problems of self-realization. And from the middle of the twentieth century there was a tendency to choose the main character, and not a secondary or episodic character, as one that have special needs. It is emphasized that such works often focus on the personality of the protagonist, rather than his disability. It was found that A. Marshall's book is autobiographical and reveals the formation of a disabled child, the process of realizing his otherness and denying any restrictions due to illness. It is determined that the author avoids sentimentality and tragic pathos, does not put the character in the «limit situation», but rather emphasizes that everything is complicated for his main hero by adults who do not understand his inner state and do not seek to break their own stereotypes about people with special needs and their existence. Thus, the writer draws a contrast between the adult and children's perception of the disability. It is emphasized that for this reason all stages of formation of the protagonist of the story «I can jump puddles», starting from the moment of returning from hospital after operation, occur in contrary, and not thanks to support of adults. It is determined that the study of inclusive literature is a promising area of literary researcher, as it provides a comprehensive view of the problems faced by people with special needs, their relatives and friends.
Development and integration of a wound cleansing pathway into clinical practice
Authors: Vernon Tracy , Moore Kelly , Collier Mark
Published: November 2021

Wound bed preparation has come into sharper focus over the past decade, with strategies identified to improve wound condition. This article focuses on implementing a wound cleansing policy and measuring, through audits, how this change affected rates of wound infection. From 2016 onwards, the Skin Integrity Team at Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust took steps to revise and improve wound care practices. This resulted in the introduction of a wound cleansing pathway incorporating a surfactant-based cleanser in place of saline, with subsequent staff training and other changes made to practice. This study details the steps taken to implement the new pathway, which brought a reduction in wound infections of 84.3% between 2017 and 2019.
Ten tips for avoiding post-operative sensitivity with posterior composite restorations
Authors: Burke FJ Trevor , Mackenzie Louis , Sands Peter , Shortall Adrian CC
Published: November 2021

Patients increasingly seek tooth-coloured restorations in their posterior dentition, and with the anticipated decline in the use of amalgam as a result of the Minamata Agreement, this will increase. However, the incidence of post-operative sensitivity has been variously assessed as being between 0% and 51%, therefore information on its avoidance is essential. This article reviews the reasons for such sensitivity by examining the potential materials' factors, plus clinical aspects, such as the configuration factor and bonding to tooth substance.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: There is a significant incidence of post-operative sensitivity after placement of a posterior composite restoration, so information on how to avoid this may be of value.
Lung carcinoma presenting as bilateral metastases in the mandibular gingivae: a case report and literature review
Authors: Elsherif Nusaybah , Jeremic Predrag , Blackburn Tim
Published: November 2021

This case report describes the rare presentation of lung carcinoma as bilateral masses affecting the mandibular gingivae. Although metastatic disease to the mouth is rare, accounting for only 1% of oral malignancies, it is essential to ensure that the presence of cancer is included in any differential diagnosis.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: All oral abnormalities persisting for longer than 3 weeks should be referred urgently for specialist assessment and biopsy.
The complexity of investigating war crimes
Authors: Jackson Jonathan , Winch Ronald
Published: November 2021

War is the most destructive of human conditions and can often sweep away the very essence of community and liberty. In this environment of chaos and destruction the most barbaric of crimes can be committed, driven by extremism and political interests. The wars of the 20th century have produced some of the worst abuses of power, with organized and systematic murder of many millions under the guise of protecting ethnic nationalism and liberty. It is both during and in the aftermath of war that investigators are tasked to examine the worst of these events, correlating evidence and preparing a case for court. The investigation into those at the “trigger level” can be influenced by a series of cultural, social, and political interruptions, which provides little in the way of a voice to the victims of such violence. The paper examines these factors and the difficulty of investigating such complex behaviors and bringing those responsible to justice.
Modeling optical emission from a highly multi-mode step-index fiber via ray tracing and the limitations
Authors: Pang Hao , Klumpp Maximilian , Haecker Tobias
Published: November 2021

Geometric optics is widely applied for diverse optical simulations. In this work, we introduce an incoherent ray model to describe the laser beam radiation emitted from a highly multi-mode step-index fiber, which is frequently applied for industrial laser material processing. First the mathematical validation and the limitation of this model are demonstrated. Then we determine the ray density and the angular spectrum according to measured intensity profiles along the caustic. Furthermore, based on the determined information, we demonstrate the simulation and measurement of the laser beam shaped by an axicon telescope. Not only the reconstruction itself, but also the simulation with free form optics present significant agreements to the measurements. The reasonable modeling of a laser source via geometric optics enables the precise determination of laser radiation and propagation properties with refractive beam shaping technologies.
Efficient algorithm for tracking the single target applied to optical-phased-array LiDAR
Authors: Sun Yanling , Wang Chen , Wang Zihao , Liao Jiali
Published: November 2021

A centroid dynamic programming track-before-detect algorithm is proposed, which is applied for tracking the moving target with an unknown speed. Using the inertialess scanning based on an optical phased array, the experimental tracking system is established, and the obtained maximum signal-to-noise ratio is 9.97 dB. Targets of different motion states can be accurately tracked with this algorithm. In addition, we innovated the original track-before-detect algorithm by adding the variable step, so that the target with large accelerations can be tracked accurately. The accuracy of our proposed algorithm is verified numerically and experimentally, which shows that our algorithm can be used to track the target trajectory effectively, and the error in extracting the target velocity is below 2%.
Reducing speckle in anterior segment optical coherence tomography images based on a convolutional neural network
Authors: Liu Liansheng , Zhai Zuopan , Zhang Ting , Fan Licheng
Published: November 2021

Speckle noise is ubiquitous in the optical coherence tomography (OCT) image of the anterior segment, which greatly affects the image quality and destroys the relevant structural information. In order to reduce the influence of speckle noise in OCT images, a denoising algorithm based on a convolutional neural network is proposed in this paper. Unlike traditional algorithms that directly obtain denoised images, the algorithm model proposed in this paper learns the speckle noise distribution through the constructed trainable OCT dataset and indirectly obtains the denoised result image. In order to verify the performance of the model, we compare the denoising results of the algorithm proposed in this paper with several state-of-the-art algorithms from three perspectives: qualitative evaluation from the subjective visual perspective, quantitative evaluation from objective parameter indicators, and running time. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a good denoising effect on different OCT images of the anterior segment and has good generalization ability. Besides, it retains the relevant details and texture information in the image, and it has strong edge preserving ability. The image of OCT speckle removal can be obtained within 0.4 s, which meets the time limit requirement of clinical application.
Near speckle-free imaging setup for scattering studies of mirror coatings
Authors: Kontos Antonios , Loglia Balthazar , King Bobby , Dziubelski Natalia
Published: November 2021

We present a novel setup to study the scattering properties of mirror coatings. It is designed to measure angle-resolved scattering from coated substrates, with a special emphasis on the study of point scatterers. Near speckle-free imaging is achieved with a rotating diffuser. This setup presents advantages for the identification and analysis of individual defects, which are critical in sensitive optical applications, especially in gravitational-wave detectors.
Balance of emission from THz sources in DC-biased and unbiased filaments in air
Authors: Shipilo D. E. , Nikolaeva I. A. , Pushkarev D. V. , Rizaev G. E. , Mokrousova D. V. , Koribut A. V. , Grudtsyn Ya. V. , Panov N. A. , Seleznev L. V. , Liu W. , Ionin A. A. , Kosareva O. G.
Published: November 2021

At the frequencies from 0.1 to 1 THz, we measured the angular distributions of terahertz (THz) emission from DC-biased femtosecond filament. The external electric field (DC bias) was increased from 0 to 3.3 kV/cm and provided continuous transition from forward conical emission, corresponding to the unbiased single-color filament, to on-axis emission, corresponding to the DC-biased one. We decomposed the measured far-field THz distributions into the quadrupole and dipole contributions, the latter being increased with increasing biasing field. The superposition of quadrupole and dipole local sources was integrated numerically over the plasma channel length and fit to the experimentally obtained angular distributions. The transition from the conical to the on-axis emission occured at the external field of (3.2 ± 0.8) kV/cm in the range of frequencies studied.
Color mismatch and observer metamerism between conventional liquid crystal displays and organic light emitting diode displays, Part II: Adjacent stimuli with a larger field of view
Authors: Wu Jialu , Wei Minchen
Published: November 2021

In part I of this study [Opt. Express 29, 12292 (2021)10.1364/OE.418675], 50 human observers matched the color appearance of six color stimuli produced by four smartphone displays, including one conventional liquid crystal display (LCD) and three organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays, to those produced by a reference smartphone OLED display. The matching and reference stimuli had a field of view (FOV) around 4.77° and were 5.72° apart. In this experiment, we carefully designed and built a new apparatus to make the two stimuli adjacent to each other with an FOV around 20.2°. This not only made the viewing condition in the experiment similar to the typical viewing condition of smartphone displays, but also allowed for an easier color matching, resulting in smaller intra- and inter-observer variations. The performance of the four CMFs, however, were not significantly changed with the increase of the FOV. The CIE 2006 2° CMFs still had the best performance in characterizing the color matches, which did not support the recommendation of using 10° CMFs for stimuli with an FOV beyond 4°. Meanwhile, for the pairs of stimuli with matched color appearance, the LCD display always had the greatest chromaticity differences and degrees of observer metamerism among the four displays, regardless of the CMFs. In particular, the chromaticities of the stimuli produced by the LCD display were always shifted towards the -u’+v’ direction in the CIE 1976 u’v’ chromaticity diagram, when calculated using the CIE 1931 CMFs. This implies that the neutral colors shown on LCD displays would have a yellow-green tint on OLED displays, if they were calibrated to the same chromaticities using the CIE 1931 2° CMFs.
Ultrafast heterodyne mode imaging and refractive index mapping of a femtosecond laser written multimode waveguide
Authors: Wu Shuang , Gao Zihe , Wu Tianwei , Zhang Zhifeng , Feng Liang
Published: November 2021

We demonstrate imaging of individual modes in a femtosecond laser written multimode waveguide by spatial-heterodyne interferometry and decomposition in data post-processing. Despite the spatial and temporal overlap between multiple waveguide modes, we show the extraction of amplitude for each individual mode and their corresponding temporal dynamics. The mode imaging scheme is effective with the presence of intermodal interference and can be prospective for sensing of ultrafast phase and refractive index fluctuations. We also reconstruct the two-dimensional transverse refractive index map of the multimode waveguide leveraging all the imaged modes and substantiate the reconstructed index map by simulation.
Multivariable association discovery in population-scale meta-omics studies
Authors: Mallick Himel , Rahnavard Ali , McIver Lauren J. , Ma Siyuan , Zhang Yancong , Nguyen Long H. , Tickle Timothy L. , Weingart George , Ren Boyu , Schwager Emma H. , Chatterjee Suvo , Thompson Kelsey N. , Wilkinson Jeremy E. , Subramanian Ayshwarya , Lu Yiren , Waldron Levi , Paulson Joseph N. , Franzosa Eric A. , Bravo Hector Corrada , Huttenhower Curtis
Published: November 2021

It is challenging to associate features such as human health outcomes, diet, environmental conditions, or other metadata to microbial community measurements, due in part to their quantitative properties. Microbiome multi-omics are typically noisy, sparse (zero-inflated), high-dimensional, extremely non-normal, and often in the form of count or compositional measurements. Here we introduce an optimized combination of novel and established methodology to assess multivariable association of microbial community features with complex metadata in population-scale observational studies. Our approach, MaAsLin 2 (Microbiome Multivariable Associations with Linear Models), uses generalized linear and mixed models to accommodate a wide variety of modern epidemiological studies, including cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, as well as a variety of data types (e.g., counts and relative abundances) with or without covariates and repeated measurements. To construct this method, we conducted a large-scale evaluation of a broad range of scenarios under which straightforward identification of meta-omics associations can be challenging. These simulation studies reveal that MaAsLin 2’s linear model preserves statistical power in the presence of repeated measures and multiple covariates, while accounting for the nuances of meta-omics features and controlling false discovery. We also applied MaAsLin 2 to a microbial multi-omics dataset from the Integrative Human Microbiome (HMP2) project which, in addition to reproducing established results, revealed a unique, integrated landscape of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) across multiple time points and omics profiles.