bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smooth Muscle in Cardiac Chambers is Common in Turtles and Extensive in the Emydid Turtle,Trachemys scripta
Authors: Joyce William , Crossley Dane A. , Wang Tobias , Jensen Bjarke
Published: September 2019

A prominent layer of smooth muscle lining the luminal side of the atria of freshwater turtles (Emydidae) was described more than a century ago. We recently demonstrated that this smooth muscle provides a previously unrecognized mechanism to change cardiac output in the emydid red‐eared slider (Trachemys scripta) that possibly contributes to their tremendous diving capacity. The purpose of the present immunohistochemical study was firstly to screen major groups of vertebrates for the presence of cardiac smooth muscle. Secondly, we investigated the phylogenetic distribution of cardiac smooth muscle within the turtle order (Testudines), including terrestrial and aquatic species. Atrial smooth muscle was not detected in a range of vertebrates, includingXenopus laevis,Alligator mississippiensis, andCaiman crocodilus, all of which have pronounced diving capacities. However, we confirmed earlier reports that traces of smooth muscle are found in human atrial tissue. Only within the turtles (eight species) was there substantial amounts of nonvascular smooth muscle in the heart. This amount was greatest in the atria, while the amount in proportion to cardiac muscle was greater in the sinus venosus than in other chambers.T. scriptahad more smooth muscle in the sinus venosus and atria than the other turtles. In some specimens, there was some smooth muscle in the ventricle and the pulmonary vein. Our study demonstrates that cardiac smooth muscle likely appeared early in turtle evolution and has become extensive within the Emydidae family, possibly in association with diving. Across other tetrapod clades, cardiac smooth muscle might not associate with diving. Anat Rec, 303:1327–1336, 2020. © 2019 The Authors.The Anatomical Recordpublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association for Anatomy.
An Insight into Professional Identity Formation: Qualitative Analyses of Two Reflection Interventions During the Dissection Course
Authors: Shiozawa Thomas , Glauben Markus , Banzhaf Michael , Griewatz Jan , Hirt Bernhard , Zipfel Stephan , Lammerding‐Koeppel Maria , Herrmann‐Werner Anne
Published: September 2019

The professional behavior of future doctors is increasingly important in medical education. One of the first subjects in the curriculum to address this issue is gross anatomy. The Tuebingen Medical Faculty implemented a learning portfolio and a seminar on medical professionalism during the dissection course. The aims of this research project are to get an overview of how students form a professional identity in the dissection course and to compare the content of both their oral and written reflections on the course. A qualitative analysis was conducted of the oral and written reflections on the dissection laboratory experience. This study was conducted during winter term 2013/2014 with a cohort of 163 participants in the regular dissection course. Written reflection texts (from n = 96 students) and audio recordings from four oral reflection seminar discussions (with n = 11 students) were transcribed and deductively categorized with Mayring’s qualitative content analysis method. Both qualitative analyses show that students reflected on many topics relevant to professional development, including empathy, respect, altruism, compassion, teamwork, and self‐regulation. Quantitative analysis reveals that students who attended the oral reflection wrote significantly more in their written reflection than students who did not. There is, however, no difference in the reflection categories. Reflection content from students corresponds with categories derived from existing competency frameworks. Both the seminar (oral reflections) and the learning portfolio (written reflections) present excellent opportunities to foster professional development during anatomy education; the key is using them in conjunction with the dissection course.
Impact of Background Music on Medical Student Anxiety and Performance During Anatomical Dissections: A Cluster Randomized Interventional Trial
Authors: Bellier Alexandre , Secheresse Thibault , Stoeckle Anne , Dols Anne‐Marie , Chaffanjon Philippe C.
Published: September 2019

Anatomical dissection on cadavers can be a source of anxiety for medical students. Studies in other stressful settings have shown a reduction in anxiety when there is background music. The objective of this study was to determine if music can have an impact on student anxiety, student satisfaction, and student performance in dissection room. This cluster randomized interventional trial included 187 second‐year medical students. The intervention was standardized background music, selected based on the literature, with a tempo of between 60 and 80 bpm. Six balanced clusters were randomized (1:1) to music or no music during dissection sessions. The main assessment criterion was a validated self‐evaluation scale score for anxiety, the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Student satisfaction was measured using a visual analog scale and dissection performance was evaluated by an examination. The outcomes were analyzed with mixed models adjusted on group effect, chronic anxiety, and confounding factors. A significant (58%) relative decrease in acute anxiety, odds ratio 0.423 [0.160; 0.710] was found for the music intervention group. Music also had a positive impact on performance with students in the intervention group attaining higher grades than those in the control group (0.42/10 higher, P = 0.0016). The study also showed a nonsignificant increase in satisfaction with 0.37 extra points (P = 0.137) in the intervention group. Background music had a significant impact on anxiety in the dissection room and on technical and theoretical performance in the subsequent anatomy examination. This music intervention could be extended to other stressful work environments.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks as Platform for Lewis‐Acid‐Catalyzed Organic Transformations
Authors: Yadav Anand , Kanoo Prakash
Published: September 2019

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly promising Lewis acid catalysts; they either inherently possess Lewis acid sites (LASs) on it or the LASs can be generated through various post‐synthetic methods, the later can be performed in MOFs in a trivial fashion. MOFs are suitable platform for catalysis because of its highly crystalline and porous nature. Moreover, with recent advancements, thermal and chemical stability is not a problem with many MOFs. In this Minireview, an enormous versatility of MOFs, in terms of their microporosity/mesoporosity, size/shape selectivity, chirality, pore size, etc., has been highlighted. These are advantageous for designing and performing various targeted organic transformations. Although, many organic transformations catalyzed by MOFs with LASs have been reported in the recent past. In this Minireview, we have restricted ourselves to four important organic reactions: (i) cyanosilylation, (ii) Diels–Alder reaction, (iii) C−H activation, and (iv) CO2‐addition. The discussion focuses mostly on the recent reports (42 examples).
Phosphine‐Catalyzed [4+2] Cycloadditions of Allenic Ketones: Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydropyridines
Authors: Wang Xin , Lu Mengxue , Su Qin , Zhou Minghui , Addepalli Yesu , Yao Weijun , Wang Zhen , Lu Yixin
Published: September 2019

Amino‐acid‐derived phosphine catalyzed [4+2] cycloaddition leading to chiral tetrahydropyridines, making use of α‐substituted allenic ketones as “C4 synthons” and N‐sulfonyl cyclic ketimines, has been developed. This asymmetric cycloaddition tolerates a wide range of α‐substituted allenic ketones. A series of chiral sultam‐fused tetrahydropyridines bearing a quaternary stereocenter were obtained in high yields with good enantioselectivities.
Identification for Wiener‐Hammerstein systems under quantized inputs and quantized output observations
Authors: Guo Jin , Zhao Yanlong
Published: September 2019

This paper investigates the Wiener‐Hammerstein system identification with quantized inputs and quantized output observations. By parameterizing the static nonlinear function, system identifiability is discussed first. Then, for the identifiable system a three‐step algorithm is proposed to estimate the unknown parameters by employing the empirical measure‐based method and the quasi‐convex combination technique. Finally, the algorithm is proved to be strongly convergent, the mean‐square convergence rate is presented, and the asymptotic efficiency is given by selecting a suitable transformation matrix. A numerical simulation is included to demonstrate the main results obtained.
Herbicides based on pelargonic acid: Herbicides of the bioeconomy
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Fidalgo Alexandra , Ilharco Laura M. , Pagliaro Mario
Published: September 2019

Following the first generation of natural herbicide products based on pelargonic acid as an active ingredient, a number of new herbicides and blossom thinners based on C9:0 saturated fatty acid entered the marketplace in many countries, offering a long‐awaited safer alternative to synthetic chemical herbicides. This study addresses key production and bioeconomy aspects prior to the expected widespread adoption of n‐nonanoic acid as an alternative ingredient of new biobased herbicides, derived from the fatty acid first isolated from the leaves of Pelargoniun roseum. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Educational engagement, expectation and attainment of children with disabilities: Evidence from the Scottish Longitudinal Study
Authors: Cox Fiona M. , Marshall Alan D.
Published: September 2019

Government statistics show that children with special educational needs and disabilities do not achieve as well academically as their peers, which impacts on later employment and socioeconomic circumstances. Addressing these inequalities is a key policy area which currently lacks a satisfactory evidence base. To explore the issue, the present study used data from the Scottish Longitudinal Study which contains data from the 1991, 2001 and 2011 censuses along with other administrative data, from a representative sample of the Scottish population. Using this large and longitudinal sample, the present study examines educational engagement, expectations and attainment for children with self‐reported disability, controlling for other early childhood factors. The results show that children with mental health problems were at higher risk of leaving school early, and that children with learning difficulties were less likely to gain advanced qualifications. Neither limiting long‐term illness in early childhood nor disability in adolescence were significant predictors of engagement, however, they did predict measures of academic expectation and attainment. Results suggest there is a critical phase for attainment, with area deprivation in early childhood but not adolescence being important for later educational inequalities.
A pilot study on high amplitude low frequency–music impulse stimulation as an add‐on treatment for depression
Authors: Sigurdardóttir Gudrun Agusta , Nielsen Peter Michael , Rønager Jesper , Wang August Gabriel
Published: September 2019

Objective

High Amplitude Low Frequency–Music Impulse Stimulation (HALF‐MIS) is a form of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS). The aim of the study was to determine the feasibility, efficacy, and potential side effects of HALF‐MIS, used as an add‐on treatment for depression.

Methods

This is an open randomized controlled pilot study. Patients with depressive disorder were randomly allocated to either a HALF‐MIS group with eight add‐on HALF‐MIS sessions (over a period of 3–4 weeks) or a control group which received treatment as usual. Seated in a specially designed chair() embedded with a transducer, their central nervous system was stimulated through the abdomen, () using music and vibration. Hamilton rating was performed. Side effects were registered.

Results

Eighteen patients were randomized to the add‐on treatment and 20 patients to the control group. Both groups show in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS)‐17 and in HDRS‐6, although the HALF‐MIS group had a greater decline of symptoms. This was a significant difference in intergroup analysis (p = .011, CI 95% for the HALF‐MIS group 3.0588–8.5327 and CI 95% for the control group 0.2384–3.0). The (HDRS)‐6 difference was also significant (p = .020, CI 95% for the HALF‐MIS group 1.5911–5.0487 and for the control group −0.297 to 1.7058). No side effects were observed.

Conclusions

High Amplitude Low Frequency–Music Impulse Stimulation treatment seems to give beneficial effect as an add‐on treatment for depression. HALF‐MIS appears to be a safe and effective add‐on treatment for depression.
Differential impact of cognitive computing augmented by real world evidence on novice and expert oncologists
Authors: McNamara Donna M. , Goldberg Stuart L. , Latts Lisa , Atieh Graham Deena M. , Waintraub Stanley E. , Norden Andrew D. , Landstrom Cody , Pecora Andrew L. , Hervey John , Schultz Eric V. , Wang Ching-Kun , Jungbluth Nicholas , Francis Phillip M. , Snowdon Jane L.
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Cognitive computing point‐of‐care decision support tools which ingest patient attributes from electronic health records and display treatment options based on expert training and medical literature, supplemented by real world evidence (RWE), might prove useful to expert and novice oncologists. The concordance of augmented intelligence systems with best medical practices and potential influences on physician behavior remain unknown.

Methods

Electronic health records from 88 breast cancer patients evaluated at a USA tertiary care center were presented to subspecialist experts and oncologists focusing on other disease states with and without reviewing the IBM Watson for Oncology with Cota RWE platform.

Results

The cognitive computing “recommended” option was concordant with selection by breast cancer experts in 78.5% and “for consideration” option was selected in 9.4%, yielding agreements in 87.9%. Fifty‐nine percent of non‐concordant responses were generated from 8% of cases. In the Cota observational database 69.3% of matched controls were treated with “recommended,” 11.4% “for consideration”, and 19.3% “not recommended.” Without guidance from Watson for Oncology (WfO)/Cota RWE, novice oncologists chose 75.5% recommended/for consideration treatments which improved to 95.3% with WfO/Cota RWE. The novices were more likely than experts to choose a non‐recommended option (P < .01) without WfO/Cota RWE and changed decisions in 39% cases.

Conclusions

Watson for Oncology with Cota RWE options were largely concordant with disease expert judged best oncology practices, and was able to improve treatment decisions among breast cancer novices. The observation that nearly a fifth of patients with similar disease characteristics received non‐recommended options in a real world database highlights a need for decision support.
Racial/ethnic disparities in renal cell carcinoma: Increased risk of early‐onset and variation in histologic subtypes
Authors: Batai Ken , Harb‐De la Rosa Alfredo , Zeng Jiping , Chipollini Juan J. , Gachupin Francine C. , Lee Benjamin R.
Published: September 2019

Background

Racial/ethnic minority groups have a higher burden of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but RCC among Hispanic Americans (HAs) and American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIs/ANs) are clinically not well characterized. We explored variations in age at diagnosis and frequencies of RCC histologic subtypes across racial/ethnic groups and Hispanic subgroups using National Cancer Database (NCDB) and Arizona Cancer Registry Data.

Methods

Adult RCC cases with known race/ethnicity were included. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate odds and 95% confidence interval (CI) of early‐onset (age at diagnosis <50 years) and diagnosis with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) or papillary RCC.

Results

A total of 405 073 RCC cases from NCDB and 9751 cases from ACR were identified and included. In both datasets, patients from racial/ethnic minority groups had a younger age at diagnosis than non‐Hispanic White (NHW) patients. In the NCDB, AIs/ANs had twofold increased odds (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.88‐2.59) of early‐onset RCC compared with NHWs. HAs also had twofold increased odds of early‐onset RCC (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.79‐2.55) in the ACR. In NCDB, ccRCC was more prevalent in AIs (86.3%) and Mexican Americans (83.5%) than NHWs (72.5%). AIs/ANs had twofold increased odds of diagnosis with ccRCC (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.85‐2.58) in the NCDB, but the association was stronger in the ACR (OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 2.08‐3.85). Similarly, Mexican Americans had significantly increased odds of diagnosis with ccRCC (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.78‐2.23) in the NCDB.

Conclusions

This study reports younger age at diagnosis and higher frequencies of ccRCC histologic subtype in AIs/ANs and Hispanic subgroups. These variations across racial/ethnic groups and Hispanic subgroups may have potential clinical implications.
Corrosive injury of the trachea in children
Authors: Goussard Pierre , Mfingwana Lunga , Morrison Julie , Ismail Zane , Wagenaar Riegart , Janson Jacques
Published: September 2019

The secondary injury may present weeks to months after the initial insult and repeat bronchoscopy, and long‐term follow‐up is required for the respiratory complications of CSI.Ingestion of caustic fluid may cause severe tracheal stenosis. Repeated airway dilatation may be a lifesaving intervention until such point that surgery can be performed.
Two‐Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of CoSe/MoSe2 as Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysts in Acid and Alkaline Electrolytes
Authors: Song Wei , Wang Kelei , Jin Guanping , Wang Zhongbing , Li Chaoxiong , Yang Xinming , Chen Chunnian
Published: September 2019

Recently, composite electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution materials have received a lot of attention, especially the composite material of transition metal dichalcogenides. In this article, CoSe/MoSe2 was successfully synthesized by a simple two‐step hydrothermal method, then the nanostructure and chemical composition of the composite was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Compared to pure MoSe2 and CoSe, CoSe/MoSe2 exhibits excellent catalytic. The current density of 10 mA cm−2 could be reached at low overpotentials of 192 and 115 mV in acidic and alkaline electrolytes, respectively. In addition, such composite has a small Tafel slope and low electron transport resistance, which indicates that CoSe/MoSe2 has a high hydrogen dissociation rate. Furthermore, it shows high cycling stability.
How mobile technologies support business models: Case study‐based empirical analysis
Authors: Peris‐Ortiz Marta , Devece Carlos , Hikkerova Lubica
Published: September 2019

Mobile technologies have pushed the connectivity of IT systems to the limit, enabling people and things to connect to one another at all times. The amount of information companies have at their disposal has increased exponentially, thanks largely to geolocation and to the vast array of sensors that have been integrated into mobile devices. This information can be used to enhance business activities and processes, but it can also be used to create new business models. Focusing on business models, we analyze mobile technologies as enablers of activity changes. We consider the differentiating characteristics of mobile technologies and examine how these can support different business functions. A study based on fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) of 30 cases across different industries allows us to identify mobile technology success factors for different core activities. The results show that several combinations of mobile technology initiatives provide a competitive advantage when these initiatives match the business model.
Low Cost – High Tech: The Digital Measurement System LabPi
Authors: Wejner Manuel , Wilke Timm
Published: September 2019

In diesem Beitrag wird das digitale Low‐Cost‐Messsystem LabPi vorgestellt, welches den Unterricht um vielfältige experimentelle Möglichkeiten erweitert und in allen MINT‐Fächern einsetzbar ist. Durch die Kombination von günstigen Einplatinencomputern mit präzisen Miniatursensoren und kostenloser Software kann eine Vielfalt an Messdaten erhoben, ausgewertet und mit der zugehörigen Internetplattform in Echtzeit verglichen werden. Die geringen Kosten pro Gerät ermöglichen zudem die Anschaffung von Klassensätzen; im Zusammenhang mit innovativen Lehr‐Lern‐Konzepten der MINT‐Bildung 4.0 bieten sich somit neue Möglichkeiten und Prüfungsformate für Schulen, Schülerlabore und auch die Hochschullehre.
Timing of initiation of intra‐aortic balloon pump in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Cui Kongyong , Lyu Shuzheng , Liu Hong , Song Xiantao , Yuan Fei , Xu Feng , Zhang Min , Zhang Mingduo , Wang Wei , Zhang Dongfeng , Tian Jinfan , Yan Yunfeng , Zhou Kuo , Chen Lingxiao
Published: September 2019

Background

For patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the optimal timing of the initiation of intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) therapy remains unclear. Therefore, we performed the first meta‐analysis to compare the outcomes of IABP insertion before vs after primary PCI in this population.

Methods

Electronic databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were comprehensively searched from inception to April 1, 2019, to identify the eligible studies. The main outcomes were short‐term (in‐hospital or 30 days) and long‐term (≥ 6 months) mortality. In addition, pooled analysis of risk‐adjusted data were also performed to control for confounding factors.

Results

Seven observational studies and two sub‐analysis of randomized controlled trials involving 1348 patients were included. Compared to patients inserted IABP after PCI, patients who received IABP therapy before primary PCI had similar risks of short‐term (odds ratio [OR] 0.88, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.59) and long‐term (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.68) all‐cause mortality. Moreover, a pooled analysis of risk‐adjusted data also found similar effects of the two therapies on short‐term (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.34 to 1.25) and long‐term (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.17 to 2.72) mortality. Besides, no significant difference was found between the two groups with respect to reinfarction, repeat revascularization, stroke, renal failure, and major bleeding.

Conclusions

The timing of the initiation of IABP therapy does not appear to impact short‐term and long‐term survival in patients with AMI complicated by CS undergoing primary PCI.
Multiscale modeling of vascularized tissues via nonmatching immersed methods
Authors: Heltai Luca , Caiazzo Alfonso
Published: September 2019

We consider a multiscale approach based on immersed methods for the efficient computational modeling of tissues composed of an elastic matrix (in two or three dimensions) and a thin vascular structure (treated as a co‐dimension two manifold) at a given pressure. We derive different variational formulations of the coupled problem, in which the effect of the vasculature can be surrogated in the elasticity equations via singular or hypersingular forcing terms. These terms only depend on information defined on co‐dimension two manifolds (such as vessel center line, cross‐sectional area, and mean pressure over cross section), thus drastically reducing the complexity of the computational model. We perform several numerical tests, ranging from simple cases with known exact solutions to the modeling of materials with random distributions of vessels. In the latter case, we use our immersed method to perform an in silico characterization of the mechanical properties of the effective biphasic material tissue via statistical simulations.
Threshold Photoelectron Spectroscopy of IO and HOI
Authors: Schleier Domenik , Reusch Engelbert , Lummel Lisa , Hemberger Patrick , Fischer Ingo
Published: September 2019

Iodine oxides appear as reactive intermediates in atmospheric chemistry. Here, we investigate IO and HOI by mass‐selective threshold photoelectron spectroscopy (ms‐TPES), using synchrotron radiation. IO and HOI are generated by photolyzing iodine in the presence of ozone. For both molecules, accurate ionization energies are determined, 9.71±0.02 eV for IO and 9.79±0.02 eV for HOI. The strong spin‐spin interaction in the 3Σ− ground state of IO+ leads to an energy splitting into the Ω=0 and Ω=±1 sublevels. Upon ionization, the I−O bond shortens significantly in both molecules; thus, a vibrational progression, assigned to the I−O stretch, is apparent in both spectra.
Photophysics of Up‐Conversion Nanoparticles: Radical Photopolymerization of Multifunctional Methacrylates Comprising Blue‐ and UV‐Sensitive Photoinitiators
Authors: Oprych Dennis , Schmitz Christian , Ley Christian , Allonas Xavier , Ermilov Eugeny , Erdmann Rainer , Strehmel Bernd
Published: September 2019

UCNPs based on NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+@NaYF4 generate blue (450 nm, 476 nm) and UV light (345 nm, 362 nm) upon exposure with a laser emitting at 980 nm. Time‐resolved measurements indicated the same origin of the emission monitored at 362 nm and 450 nm by a rise time of 226 μs while their decay occurs with a similar time frame of 260 μs. The observation can be attributed to an energy transfer where successive absorption of three photons results in population of the 1I6 state. Intensity‐dependent exploration of the up‐converted emission indicated a cubic dependence between the luminescence intensity If and laser intensity I (If ∝ I3) monitored at 362 nm and 450 nm. The emission at 345 nm involves successive excitation with four photons. The up‐converted light excites radical photoinitiators selected from Ivocerin, thioxanthone and camphorquinone where a coinitiator, sulfonium salt, helped to generate the initiating radicals. These different systems comprising the UCNP and the photoinitiator generate crosslinked materials based on urethane dimethacrylate (M1) as model monomer applying laser exposure at 980 nm. Real‐time FTIR monitoring of M1 exposed indicated a different initiation time as a function of the laser intensity applied. Stress relaxation measurements complemented the understanding between material parameters on the one side and loading with UCNPs, light intensity and kinetics on the other side.
Aluminum(III) Salen Complexes as Active Photoredox Catalysts
Authors: Gualandi Andrea , Marchini Marianna , Mengozzi Luca , Kidanu Hagos Tesfay , Franc Antoine , Ceroni Paola , Cozzi Pier Giorgio
Published: September 2019

Metallosalen are privileged complexes that have found important applications in catalysis. In addition, their luminescent properties have also been studied and used for sensing and biological applications. Salen metal complexes can be efficient photosensitizers, but they can also participate to electron transfer processes. Indeed, we have found that commercially available [Al(Salen)Cl] is an efficient photoredox catalyst for the synergistic stereoselective reaction of alkyl aldehydes with different bromo ketones and malonates to give the corresponding enantioenriched α‐alkylated derivatives. The reaction was performed in the presence of a MacMillan catalyst. [Al(Salen)Cl] is able to replace ruthenium complexes, showing that also aluminum complexes can be used in promoting photoredox catalytic reactions.
Interculturalism: A new diversity ideology with interrelated components of dialogue, unity, and identity flexibility
Authors: Verkuyten Maykel , Yogeeswaran Kumar , Mepham Kieran , Sprong Stefanie
Published: September 2019

Increased cultural diversity has led to considerable debate on how to best promote intergroup harmony within pluralistic nations. In the current research, we consider the nature of interculturalism, a new diversity ideology extensively discussed by political philosophers and policy‐makers in Europe and beyond. Interculturalism consists of three interrelated components of dialogue, unity, and identity flexibility. Using data (N = 2,364) from three national surveys in two ethnically diverse nations (Netherlands and USA), we test a new measure of interculturalism and establish its independence from multiculturalism and assimilation. We then demonstrate that interculturalism predicts positive intergroup outcomes, over and above multiculturalism, and is in a theoretically meaningful way related to various criterion measures. Collectively, these studies establish the uniqueness of interculturalism from multiculturalism and demonstrate its promise for improving intergroup relations in culturally diverse nations.
Use of Hydrogen Molybdenum Bronze in Vacuum‐Deposited Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zanoni Kassio P. S. , Pérez-del-Rey Daniel , Dreessen Chris , M Angeles Hernández-Fenollosa  , de Camargo Andrea S. S. , Sessolo Michele , Boix Pablo P. , Bolink Henk J.
Published: September 2019

Herein, the dehydration of a hydrogen molybdenum bronze (HYMoO3), converting it to molybdenum oxide (MoOX), is explored toward the development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for the first time. H0.11MoO3 bronze is synthesized, characterized, and deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) under different concentrations and annealing conditions for in situ conversion into MoOX with appropriate oxygen vacancies. Vacuum‐deposited PSCs are fabricated using the as‐produced MoOX hole injection layers, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 17.3% (average) for the optimal device. The latter has its stability and reproducibility tested, proving the robustness and affordability of the developed hole transport layer in PSCs.
Climate change and epilepsy: Time to take action
Authors: Sisodiya Sanjay M. , Fowler Hayley J. , Lake Iain , Nanji Rosemary O. , Gawel Kinga , Esguerra Camila V. , Newton Charles , Foley Aideen
Published: September 2019

Climate change is the biggest challenge facing humanity today. The associated global warming and humidification, increases in the severity and frequency of extreme climate events, extension of the ranges of vector‐borne diseases, and the consequent social and economic stresses and disruption will have major negative consequences on many aspects of health care. People whose resilience to change is already impaired may suffer disproportionately from these environmental changes, which are of unprecedented reach and magnitude. There has been little connection made so far between climate change and epilepsy. We briefly review the history of climate change science and the subsequent response of the global scientific community. We consider how climate change effects might in general affect health and disease. We consider some of the underlying complex interactions that, for example, favor the spread of vector‐borne diseases and how climate models operate and may help plan for global and local changes. We then speculate specifically on how these generic ideas may apply specifically to epilepsy. We consider these impacts at levels from molecular to the epidemiological. Data are sparse, and there is undoubtedly a need for more information to enable better estimation of possible effects of climate change on care in epilepsy. We also consider how the professional activities of those involved in epilepsy health care might contribute to global carbon emissions, for example, through flying for conference attendance. Healthcare organizations across the world are already considering, and responding to, many of these issues. We argue for more research in this area, but also for action today. Actions today are likely to generate cobenefits for health care, including care in epilepsy, resulting from efforts to decarbonize, mitigate effects of climate change that has already happened, and plan for adaptation to climate change.
Induced biological soil crust controls on wind erodibility and dust (PM10) emissions
Authors: Fick Stephen E. , Barger Nichole , Tatarko John , Duniway Michael C.
Published: September 2019

Inducing biological soil crust (biocrust) development is an appealing approach for dust mitigation in drylands due to the resistance biocrusts can provide against erosion. Using a portable device, we evaluated dust emissions from surfaces either inoculated with biocrust, amended with a plant‐based soil stabilizer, or both at varying wind friction velocities. Four months after application, emissions from all treatments were either indistinguishable from or greater than controls, despite evidence of biocrust establishment. All treatments had greater surface roughness and showed more evidence of entrapment of windblown sediment than controls, factors which may have been partially responsible for elevated emissions. There was a synergistic effect of inoculation and stabilizer addition, resulting in a nearly two‐fold reduction in estimated emissions compared to either treatment alone. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that variables associated with surface crust strength (aggregate stability, penetration resistance) were negatively associated with emissions and variables associated with sediment supply (sand content, loose sediment cover) were positively associated with emissions. With more time to develop, the soil‐trapping activity and surface integrity of biocrust inoculum and soil stabilizer mixtures is expected to increase with the accumulation of surface biomass and enhancement of roughness through freeze–thaw cycles. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Latency performance analysis for safety‐related information broadcasting in VeMAC
Authors: Sun Yuanxin , Kuai Ruoxin , Li Xiaoping , Tang Wanbing
Published: September 2019

The performance analysis is a powerful tool to reveal the features of protocols. We can find hints to optimize protocols through performance analysis. Ultralow latency transmission is one of stringent requirements for event‐driven safety‐related message transmission in vehicular medium access control (VeMAC) protocol. In this paper, we focus on analyzing the latency performance for event‐driven safety‐related application in VeMAC. As analyzed, the optimization of MAC layer latency depends on minimization of the slot acquisition latency. Then, we derive the mean slot acquisition latency according to the behavior of nodes. There are two typical protocol versions, with the split parameter equals to zero and infinity, respectively. From the analytical model, although the protocol version with split parameter equal to infinity can reduce the merge collision through split slots with in a frame, it prolongs the mean slot acquisition latency since the block‐wised slots placement. Then, we develop an interleaved frame structure that can reduce the mean slot acquisition latency and merge collision simultaneously. The interleaved frame structure can adapt to various vehicular densities through the proposed slots allocation algorithm. The derived theoretical mean latency shows the advantages of the proposed frame structure. At last, we present simulation results to verify the analytical model and show that the proposed scheme can provide desired performance.
PDLIM1 Inhibits Tumor Metastasis Through Activating Hippo Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Huang Zhao , Zhou Jian‐Kang , Wang Kui , Chen Haining , Qin Siyuan , Liu Jiayang , Luo Maochao , Chen Yan , Jiang Jingwen , Zhou Li , Zhu Lei , He Juan , Li Jiao , Pu Wenchen , Gong Yanqiu , Li Jianbo , Ye Qin , Dong Dandan , Hu Hongbo , Zhou Zongguang , Dai Lunzhi , Huang Canhua , Wei Xiawei , Peng Yong
Published: September 2019

Background and Aims

Tumor metastasis is a major factor of high recurrence and mortality in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its underlying mechanism remains elusive. We report that PDZ and LIM domain protein 1 (PDLIM1) is significantly down‐regulated in metastatic human HCC tissues, which predicts unfavorable prognosis, suggesting that PDLIM1 may play an important inhibitory role during HCC metastasis.

Approach and Results

Functional studies indicate that PDLIM1 knockdown induces epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HCC cells, elevates their invasive capacity, and promotes metastasis in vitro and in vivo, whereas overexpression of PDLIM1 exhibits opposite phenotypes. Mechanistically, PDLIM1 competitively binds to the cytoskeleton cross‐linking protein alpha‐actinin 4 (ACTN4), leading to the disassociation of ACTN4 from F‐actin, thus preventing F‐actin overgrowth. In contrast, loss of PDLIM1 induces excessive F‐actin formation, resulting in dephosphorylation of large tumor suppressor kinase 1 and activation of Yes‐associated protein, thereby promoting HCC metastasis. Moreover, Asn145 (N145) of PDLIM1 is critical for its interaction with ACTN4, and N145A mutation abolishes its regulatory function in Hippo signaling and HCC metastasis.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that PDLIM1 suppresses HCC metastasis by modulating Hippo signaling, suggesting that PDLIM1 may be a potential prognostic marker for metastatic HCC.
Neuropilin‐2 is an independent prognostic factor for shorter cancer‐specific survival in patients with acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Borkowetz Angelika , Froehner Michael , Rauner Martina , Conrad Stefanie , Erdmann Kati , Mayr Thomas , Datta Kaustubh , Hofbauer Lorenz C. , Baretton Gustavo B. , Wirth Manfred , Fuessel Susanne , Toma Marietta , Muders Michael H.
Published: September 2019

Neuropilin‐2 (NRP2) is a member of the neuropilin receptor family and known to regulate autophagy and mTORC2 signaling in prostate cancer (PCa). Our study investigated the association of immunohistochemical NRP2 expression with clinicopathological data in PCa patients. For this purpose, we generated a tissue microarray with prostate tissue specimens from 400 PCa patients treated by radical prostatectomy. We focused on patients with high‐risk factors such as extraprostatic extension (pT ≥ 3), Gleason score ≥8 and/or the presence of regional lymph node metastases (pN1). Protein levels of NRP2, the vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) and oncogenic v‐ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (ERG) gene as an indicator for TMPRSS2‐ERG fusion was assessed in relation to the patients' outcome. NRP2 emerged as an independent prognostic factor for cancer‐specific survival (CSS) (hazard ratio 2.360, 95% confidence interval = 1.2–4.8; p = 0.016). Moreover, the association between NRP2 expression and shorter CSS was also especially pronounced in patients at high risk for progression (log‐rank test: p = 0.010). We evaluated the association between NRP2 and the TMPRSS2‐ERG gene fusion status assessed by immunohistochemical nuclear ERG staining. However, ERG staining alone did not show any prognostic significance. NRP2 immunostaining is significantly associated with shorter CSS in ERG‐negative tumors (log‐rank test: p = 0.012). No prognostic impact of NRP2 expression on CSS was observed in ERG‐positive tumors (log‐rank test: p = 0.153). Our study identifies NRP2 as an important prognostic marker for a worse clinical outcome especially in patients with a high‐risk PCa and in patients with ERG‐negative PCa.
Self‐protection and growth as the motivational force behind majority group members' cultural adaptation and discrimination: A parallel mediation model via intergroup contact and threat
Authors: Lefringhausen Katharina , Ferenczi Nelli , Marshall Tara C.
Published: September 2019

What motivates majority group members to adapt to or reject cultural diversity? Considering the relevance of personal values on our attitudes and behaviours, we inspected how self‐protection and growth predict levels of discriminatory behavioural and cultural adaptation intentions towards migrants via intergroup contact and perceived intergroup threats, simultaneously (i.e., parallel mediation). Specifically, positive contact between groups is known for reducing prejudice through diminishing perceived intergroup threats. Yet current research emphasises the role of individual differences in this interplay while proposing a parallel relationship between perceived intergroup threats and contact. Also by inspecting cultural adaptation and discriminatory behavioural intentions, the present study examined more proximal indicators of real‐world intergroup behaviours than explored in past research. Using data from 304 US Americans, structural equation modelling indicated a good fit for a parallel mediation model with growth relating positively to cultural adaptation intentions and negatively to discriminatory behavioural intentions through being positively associated with intergroup contact and negatively with perceived intergroup threats, simultaneously. The reverse was found for self‐protection. These findings stress that personal values constitute a relevant individual difference in the contact/threats‐outcome relationship, providing a motivational explanation for majority group members' experience of cultural diversity in their own country.
Development of atypical parental behavior during an inpatient family preservation intervention program
Authors: Vischer Anne‐Fleur W. K. , Post Wendy J. , Grietens Hans , Knorth Erik J. , Bronfman Elisa
Published: September 2019

Since failed reunification is a detrimental outcome for children, particularly infants and toddlers, the aim of this study was to gain insight into support to families in multiple‐problem situations to help them achieve sustainablegood‐enoughparenting. Therefore, we examined outcomes of an assessment‐based inpatient family preservation program. We prepared a thorough target‐population description (n= 70) using file analysis. Next, we examined atypical parental behavior during the intervention using the Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification with a repeated measures design (n= 30). The family files revealed a great number of issues at the family, parent, and child levels, such as practical matters, problems in parent functioning and between parents, and difficulties in the broader environment. We found a significant decline in three dimensions of atypical parental behavior over time. This program has great potential in supporting vulnerable families in their pursuit of family preservation.
Exercise Degrades Bone in Caloric Restriction, Despite Suppression of Marrow Adipose Tissue (MAT)
Authors: McGrath Cody , Sankaran Jeyantt S , Misaghian-Xanthos Negin , Sen Buer , Xie Zhihui , Styner Martin A , Zong Xiaopeng , Rubin Janet , Styner Maya
Published: September 2019

Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) and its relevance to skeletal health during caloric restriction (CR) is unknown: It remains unclear whether exercise, which is anabolic to bone in a calorie-replete state, alters bone or MAT in CR. We hypothesized that response of bone and MAT to exercise in CR differs from the calorie-replete state. Ten-week-old female B6 mice fed a regular diet (RD) or 30% CR diet were allocated to sedentary (RD, CR, n = 10/group) or running exercise (RD-E, CR-E, n = 7/group). After 6 weeks, CR mice weighed 20% less than RD, p < 0.001; exercise did not affect weight. Femoral bone volume (BV) via 3D MRI was 20% lower in CR versus RD (p < 0.0001). CR was associated with decreased bone by μCT: Tb.Th was 16% less in CR versus RD, p < 0.003, Ct.Th was 5% less, p < 0.07. In CR-E, Tb.Th was 40% less than RD-E, p < 0.0001. Exercise increased Tb.Th in RD (+23% RD-E versus RD, p < 0.003) but failed to do so in CR. Cortical porosity increased after exercise in CR (+28%, p = 0.04), suggesting exercise during CR is deleterious to bone. In terms of bone fat, metaphyseal MAT/ BV rose 159% in CR versus RD, p = 0.003 via 3D MRI. Exercise decreased MAT/BV by 52% in RD, p < 0.05, and also suppressed MAT in CR (−121%, p = 0.047). Histomorphometric analysis of adipocyte area correlated with MAT by MRI (R2 = 0.6233, p < 0.0001). With respect to bone, TRAP and Sost mRNA were reduced in CR. Intriguingly, the repressed Sost in CR rose with exercise and may underlie the failure of CR-bone quantity to increase in response to exercise. Notably, CD36, a marker of fatty acid uptake, rose 4088% in CR (p < 0.01 versus RD), suggesting that basal increases in MAT during calorie restriction serve to supply local energy needs and are depleted during exercise with a negative impact on bone. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Detection of copy number disorders associated with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in fetuses via single nucleotide polymorphism arrays
Authors: Cai Meiying , Lin Na , Su Linjuan , Wu Xiaoqing , Xie Xiaorui , Li Ying , Chen Xuemei , Dai Yifang , Lin Yuan , Huang Hailong , Xu Liangpu
Published: September 2019

Background

While congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) constitute one‐third of all congenital malformations, the mechanisms underlying their development are poorly understood. Some studies have reported an association between CAKUT and copy number variations (CNVs) in children and adults, but few have focused on chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) findings in fetuses with CAKUT. Therefore, we aimed to perform a CMA on fetuses with CAKUT and normal karyotypes in the presence and absence of other structural anomalies.

Method

The study was conducted in 147 fetuses with CAKUT and normal karyotypes between January 2016 and January 2019 in the Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was performed using the Affymetrix CytoScan HD platform.

Results

The SNP array identified abnormal CNVs in 13 cases (8.8%): Six were pathogenic, and seven were variations of uncertain clinical significance (VOUS). The detection rate of abnormal CNVs in non‐isolated CAKUT was higher than that in isolated CAKUT (22.7% vs 6.4%, P = .038). Within the abnormal CNV groups, the highest frequency of CNVs was identified in fetuses with polycystic kidney dysplasia (13.5%), followed by those with renal agenesis (10.5%).

Conclusion

SNP array is effective for identifying chromosomal abnormalities in CNVs in fetuses with CAKUT and normal karyotypes, and help counseling.
The loss of innocence: Confronting class differences in the practice of psychotherapy
Authors: Bodnar Susan
Published: September 2019

A young woman sought psychotherapy for complaints that initially framed her as quite troubled, presenting as an individual with a borderline personality disorder. Over the course of therapy, it became clear that she more accurately suffered from a form of status anxiety. In working with people from different class backgrounds, it is very important for the clinician to differentiate psychological problems that arise from the stressors associated with class status from those that emerge from more internal disturbance.
Understanding the role of service providers, land use, and resident characteristics on the occurrence of mental health crisis calls to the police
Authors: White Clair , Goldberg Victoria , Hibdon Julie , Weisburd David
Published: September 2019

Similar to concentrations of crime, mental health calls have been found to concentrate at a small number of places, but few have considered the context of places where mental health calls occur. The current study examines the influence of the physical and social context of street segments, particularly the role of service providers, land use features of the street and nearby area, and characteristics of residents on the likelihood of a mental health crisis call to the police occurring on the street. The findings demonstrate that the social context, such as offending and drug use among residents, levels of social cohesion and community involvement, and drug and violent crime influenced the occurrence of mental health crisis calls. Findings from this study make theoretical and practical contributions to a number of disciplines by improving our understanding of where mental health crisis calls occur and why they are found at specific places.