bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cleaner Environment Approach by the Utilization of Low Calcium Wood Ash in Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Arunkumar Kadarkarai , Muthukannan Muthiah , Kumar Arunachalam Suresh , Ganesh Arunasankar Chithambar , Devi Rangaswamy Kanniga
Published: June 2021

The waste disposal issues were the most severe problems that could cause global warming, which depletes the environment. The research hypothesis was to find the suitability and sustainability of utilizing the waste by-products in the invention of green geopolymer concrete to eliminate the tremendous effects caused by the wastes. Due to the increased demand for fly ash in recent years, the requirement of high alkaline activators, and elevated temperature for curing, there was a research gap to find an alternative binder. The novelty of this research was to utilize the waste wood ash, which is available plenty in nearby hotels and has an inbuilt composition of high potassium that can act as a self alkaline activator. Waste wood ash procured from the local hotels was replaced with fly ash by 0 to 100% at 10% intervals. The setting and mechanical characteristics were found on the prolonged ages to understand the influence of waste wood ash. Microstructural characterization was found using Scanning Electron Microscope and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis to define the impact of waste wood ash in the microstructure. The research findings showed that replacing 30% waste wood ash with fly ash attained better performance in setting properties and all mechanical parameters. The obtained optimum mix could provide the best alternative for fly ash in geopolymer to eliminate the economic thrust by the requirement of alkaline activators and deploy the environmental impact caused by the waste wood ash.
Pedagogy + Reflection: A Problem-Based Learning Case in Interior Design
Authors: Asojo Abimbola Oluwatoni , Vo Hoa
Published: June 2021

Interior design education aims to provide students with real learning experiences. The authors, hence, combined problem-based learning (PBL) and design thinking to design a seven-week studio project in the Interior design program at a land-grant Midwest university. Thirty-two sophomores were engaged in different stages of the design process for the education wing of Minnesota’s official natural history museum in collaboration with Perkins+ Will, a global architecture and design firm.
Students explored design thinking via interactions with stakeholders and practitioners who participated in the creation of the Museum. This approach allowed students to gain insights about the design challenge plus the pros and cons of their solutions. For seven weeks, students in teams of three immersed themselves in a diverse and real design environment. They learned how to communicate, collaborate, and compromise to accomplish the common goal of finding the most relevant solution for the design problem at hand. The authors collected students’ reflections on their learning experiences at the end of the project. This paper discusses the lessons we learned from this interior design PBL case.
Gamifying Project-Based Learning in Statistics Education in Singapore
Authors: Huiyu Zhang , Fang Linda
Published: June 2021

Biostatistics is a second-year subject taken by Biomedical Engineering Diploma students in Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore. Gamification elements, referenced from the popular Pokémon GO, were infused into a suite of activities. The purpose was to engage and sustain the interest of students while facilitating the successful execution of their group project. The gamified initiative, named Biostatistics GO, generated much excitement and added depth to the learning of this project-based subject. In this paper, we present the design of Biostatistics GO by highlighting the key design principles, describing the gamification elements, and reviewing its impact on the students’ achievements and learning.
The Four-Panel Narrative: A Slice of Life from an Adapted and Evolving Assignment
Authors: Huang Jalin , Boling Elizabeth , Yan Yichuan
Published: June 2021

This design case chronicles a photography assignment starting with its origins in the master’s level lab of a communications design program in Taiwan’s National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, directed by Jalin Huang. We follow this assignment through its adaptation for a basic media development course taught by Professor Elizabeth Boling in the instructional design master’s program at Indiana University, and on to its evolution as a learning exercise and communication device in the instructional design studio sequence of that same program. Along the way, Yichuan Yan, a student from the development course, discusses the experience of receiving and carrying out this assignment in the context of the media development course. Revisions to the assignment for the communications students in Taiwan are also discussed.
Beyond The Ordinary: Designing a Mobile-assisted Funds-of-Knowledge-Featured Instructional Framework for English Learners
Authors: Chen Yan
Published: June 2021

The design and implementation of hybrid, technology-enhanced learning environments is a sophisticated process, especially when incorporating relevant sociocultural factors to support culturally and linguistically diverse students’ learning. In this paper, I review and provide a description of an iterative design process for a mobile-assisted funds-of knowledge (FoK)-featured instructional framework that aims to facilitate middle-school-aged Latinx English Learners’ (ELs) literacy development in writing. The sociocultural lens of FoK considers ELs’ ordinary experiences as assets in creating inclusivity and engaging flow in learning, which are further enhanced by affordances of mobile-based writing applications. More specifically, this design process was achieved through fieldwork situated in a Latinx community and school district in a rural town in the Midwestern United States. The design process was contextualized into four stages: the precedent stage focusing on the formation of the design idea, the framing stage focusing on the preliminary design outline, the co-evolution stage focusing on the development of the designed product, and the prototype stage focusing on experimenting with the designed product through the ELs’ classroom writing practice. This instructional framework emphasizes the transformation of diverse ELs’ ordinary experiences by guiding them through five sequential learning steps: discovering, connecting, writing, sharing, and preserving culture. Formative and summative evaluation techniques were embedded through different research phases, such as a preliminary instrumental case study, an ethnographic case study, and the ELs’ classroom writing practice. This design case provides an example of socioculturally contextualizing the application of emerging technology to mediate learning for diverse student populations.
When the Experimental Lab is Itself the Experiment: Making Someone Else’s Design Work
Authors: Strycker Jesse
Published: June 2021

The redesign of learning spaces has been a growing trend in education, especially higher education. The redesign of such spaces takes time and involves a variety of stakeholders, sometimes resulting in ill-defined designs. This can be exacerbated when individuals leading such efforts depart and there is not a consensus on the design, sometimes leading to vendors having a disproportionate say in final implementations. Understanding these differences and finding a way forward can fall on new stakeholders who are tasked with supporting such spaces after most of the foundational decisions have been made and/or carried out. This case explores one faculty member and designer’s experiences with helping to both design for and define such an ill-defined space. Included in this case are the story of the design of the space pieced together from before the author started his employment and the story since he became a stakeholder, stumbling blocks encountered after the space was built, strategies employed in the interim, discussing a path forward, and finally sharing realizations made during the process which will help his future efforts with designing such multi-stakeholder spaces in the future.
Technology and Inquiry-Based Instructional Methods: A Design Case in Student-Centered Online Course Design
Authors: Dondlinger Mary Jo
Published: June 2021

Although online course design is no longer new, few design cases describe the development of entire courses based on principles of student-centered learning design. This design case chronicles the context, design challenges, and successes and failures of a graduate course on Technology & Inquiry-based Instructional Methods for an online master’s program in educational technology at a regional university in the southwestern United States.
Chopped ID and Bicycle Repair: Contrasting Values in Synchronous Graduate Instructional Designs for Design Learning
Authors: Howard Craig D. , Baaki John W.
Published: June 2021

This article presents two similar design cases and a discussion of how like values resulted in dissimilar design moves. Both cases were gamified learning activities for graduate students in instructional design. Both interventions employed rapid prototyping and were delivered synchronously in an at-a-distance setting. This article compares the two designs, the two designs’ similar development narratives, and the two designs’ divergent features. We give special attention to the common values the designers brought to the act of designing. Contrasting crucial features in similar designs allowed us, as designers, to appreciate divergent design moves. A discussion of the two cases explains how designers arrived at different design decisions through similar rationale. The authors were both designers and instructors of the implementations; each presents their case in relation to the other. Our combined cases explore how designers might compare salient features of similar instructional interventions and appreciate design moves that one chose not to make.
Adding Reach and Ownership with Paper Airplane Circuits
Authors: Shepherd Craig Erschel , Smith Shannon M. , Kvenild Cassandra , Buss Alan , Ratcliffe Claire
Published: June 2021

University faculty members, librarians, and support staff developed hands-on, consumable, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) curricular materials that could be inexpensively provided to large audiences. Goals included fostering STEM interest, teaching STEM principles, and encouraging continued exploration in home and school settings. This case describes design processes to realize these goals through basic circuits with paper airplanes and simple origami. Following several design implementations, kits costing ~$0.33 each were created and distributed to learners. Within these kits, learners created a back-lit paper airplane as they explored concepts regarding circuit definitions; open, closed, series, and parallel circuits; shorts; polarity; and current. Additional activities included LED bracelets, cubes, and greeting cards. Within this paper, we document successive design decisions, failures, reflections, and iterations that moved goals to reality. We also describe new design challenges, including waste management, sustained exploration, and advanced concept introductions.
Evaluation of the works carried out by the Directorate of Disaster and Emergency Management (AFAD) in the Syrian crisis in the context of humanitarian diplomacy activities that Turkey prioritizes in foreign policy
Authors: Bozkurt Önder
Published: June 2021

The concept of soft power and cultural diplomacy with assessing humanitarian diplomacy activities has been seen as the primary motivation in Turkey’s international relations studies, especially in the last 20 years. In this study, in the Syrian crisis that has left its 10th year behind, activities carried out both in and outside of Turkey’s boundaries were discussed in the context of humanitarian diplomacy and the subject was evaluated in all aspects. In the study, which consists of two main parts, firstly; the concept of humanitarian diplomacy, which symbolizes one of the last stages of public diplomacy, was mentioned. In the second part of the study, in the context of the management of the migration phenomenon in the Syrian crisis studies conducted with public institutions and non-governmental organizations under the coordination of AFAD Presidency were determined. In the conclusion part of the study, all kinds of crises beyond Turkey’s borders besides ensuring its security, evaluations have been made on the benefits and contributions of the countries in the region, Europe and world peace.
 
Özet
Kültürel ve yumuşak güç kavramları ile birlikte değerlendirilen insani diplomasi faaliyetlerinin, Türkiye’nin uluslararası ilişkilerde özellikle son 20 yılda ortaya koyduğu çalışmalarda temel motivasyon kaynağı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, 10. yılını geride bırakan Suriye krizinde, Türkiye’nin hem sınırları içinde hem de sınırları dışında yürüttüğü faaliyetler insani diplomasi bağlamında ele alınmış ve konu tüm yönleriyle değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. İki ana bölümden oluşan çalışmada öncelikle; kamu diplomasisinin geldiği son aşamalardan birini sembolize eden insani diplomasi kavramı ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde, Suriye krizinde meydana gelen göç olgusunun yönetimi bağlamında AFAD Başkanlığının koordinesinde kamu kurumları ve sivil kuruluşlar ile birlikte yapılan çalışmalara değinilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuç bölümünde ise Türkiye’nin sınırları ötesinde yaşanan her türlü krizde, sadece kendi güvenliğini sağlamanın ötesinde bölge ülkeleri, Avrupa ve dünya barışına olan fayda ve katkıları konusunda değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.
THE INFLUENCE OF AUDITOR EXPERIENCE, PROFESSIONAL EXPERTISE, AUDIT TRAINING, AND PROFESSIONAL SKEPTICISM ON AUDITOR ABILITY
Authors: Andriyanto Wahyu Ari
Published: June 2021

Auditor ability is the skill and mastery an auditor has to carry out his jobs. An auditor is required to have special abilities. In addition to technical skills, collect evidence from various witnesses in a fair, independent manner, and follow audit regulations or standards. This research is a quantitative study which aims to determine the effect of Auditor Experience, Professional Skills, Audit Training, Professional Skepticism on Auditor Ability. The population in this study were auditors who worked at the Public Accounting Firm in DKI Jakarta by using a purposive sampling technique with the criteria of being auditors at affiliated Public Accounting Firm in DKI Jakarta, auditors working as field auditors, and auditors who had attended audit training. Technical analysis of the data used is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis with the SPSS 25 program and a significance level of 5% (0.05). The results obtained were (1) Auditor's experience had a significant effect on the auditor's ability, (2) Professional expertise had a significant effect on the Auditor's ability, (3) Audit training had no effect on the Auditor's ability, and (4) Professional skepticism had no effect on the Auditor's ability.
The Effect of Job Demands-Resources and Work-Life Balance on Organizational Commitment through Job Satisfaction as a Mediator Variable (Study on South Kuta Sector Police Personnel): A Research Proposal
Authors: Faizal Reza Ahmad
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this research is to propose the research model to determine the predictors of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The proposed model has three independent variables, which are job demands resources, work-life balance, job satisfaction and one dependent variable, which is organizational commitment. Independent variable leads to mediating variable, which is job satisfaction as dependent variable predictor. The proposed research model has five hypotheses determining whether job demands resources, work-life balance and job satisfaction affect organizational commitment. The research will be carried out at South Kuta Sector Police. This research is the first one in providing the proposed model to know the organizational commitment in sector police in Bali. The empirical findings will be useful as reference for further study and policy making about human resources.
Exploring Salience as a Strategic Disposition in Kenya
Authors: Kairu James Kamau , Senaji Thomas Anyanje
Published: June 2021

Drawing from the socio-cognitive theory and upper echelon theory, we examined the relationship between salience and competitiveness by surveying 163 managers from leather and textile firms in Kenya. We used three dimensions of salience: impact, sensitivity and interest and measured competitiveness using both efficiency, such as profit; and effectiveness measures such as innovation. We found a significant relationship between all the dimensions of salience and competiveness (Impact: r = .250, p = .001; Sensitivity: r = .436, p < .001; Interest: r = .416, p < .001; Salience: r = .427, p <.001). Further, sensitivity significantly influenced the odds for competitiveness at 5% level of significance (sensitivity: exp (B) = 2.435, Wald = 4.191, p = .041); impact had the least negative and insignificant (exp (B) = .693, p = .444) prediction of the odds for competiveness. These findings suggest that the factors that are considered by managers of organizations as impactful, of interest and which managers perceived as sensitive have implications for competitiveness. It is recommended that managers enhance their cognitive capacity with regard to salience to be able to perceive and interpret environmental cues and use these to make appropriate strategic decisions to improve their competitiveness.
What's All This Furor About an Enchanted Loom?
Authors: Forbes Raymond
Published: June 2021

This article explores the gowing interconnections between the brain sciences and the social sciences, It porvides a brief historical summary of the development of brain science, reviews advances in what is currently known about the brain, and dfdescribes where the field stands today. Importantly for those interested in the social sciences, the article also discusses the potential impact of the brain sciences on work in the discipline, indicates why we should care about developments in the brain science field, and provides some practical tools that have come out of the resrarxh, The article concludes with a summary of what the developments might mean for a social sciences practitioner.
Reasons Why Geomagnetic Field Generation is Physically Impossible in Earth’s Fluid Core
Authors: Herndon J. Marvin
Published: June 2021

Despite the importance for understanding the nature of the geomagnetic field, and especially its potential for radically disrupting modern civilization [1], virtually all scientific publications relating to it are based upon the false assumption that the geomagnetic field is generated in the Earth’s fluid core. By adhering to an outmoded paradigm, members of the geoscience community have potentially exposed humanity to globally devastating risks, leaving it unprepared for an inevitable geomagnetic field collapse.

There is no scientific reason to believe that the geomagnetic field is generated within the fluid core. Convection is physically impossible in the fluid core due to its compression by the weight above and its inability to sustain an adverse temperature gradient. There is no evidence of ongoing inner core growth to provide energy to drive thermal convection or to cause compositional convection. Moreover, there is no mechanism to account for magnetic reversals and no means for magnetic seed-field production within the fluid core to initiate dynamo amplification.

Earth’s nuclear georeactor, seat of the geomagnetic field, has none of the problems inherent in putative fluid-core geomagnetic field production. With a mass of about one ten-millionth that of the fluid core, georeactor sub-shell convection can potentially be disrupted by great planetary trauma, such as an asteroid impact, or by major solar outbursts or even by human activities, for example, by deliberate electromagnetic disturbance of the near-Earth environment, including the Van Allen belts. Furthermore, sub-shell convection disruption might trigger surface geophysical disasters, such as super-volcano eruptions [2-4].

Scientists have a fundamental responsibility to tell the truth and to provide scientific understanding that benefits humanity.
The Police Use of Force Mandate in West Africa
Authors: Norman Ishmael
Published: June 2021

This paper reviewed Police use of force mandate of the Constitutions of Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Gambia, to determine if the mandate is a contributory factor for increased police killings. The evidence support the finding that, police policy on the use of force contributes to increased extralegal killings, in the absence of field protocols for its engagement. There is the need for clear articulation of how, when, where force may be applied to cause arrest or suppress crime or riot. This paper aims to contribute to knowledge on limiting the use of force abuses within West Africa.
Corona-Krise und Klimawandel: Finanzmarkt bleibt instabil
Authors: Schick Gerhard , Senn Magdalena , Peters Michael
Published: June 2021

Dieser Artikel zeichnet zunächst die Finanzmarkt-Turbulenzen nach, die im März 2020 durch die Corona-Krise ausgelöst wurden. Die gefährliche Schieflage von stark gehebelten Hedgefonds konnte nur durch eine massive und weltweit koordinierte Intervention der Zentralbanken entschärft werden. Damit wird deutlich, dass der Finanzmarkt in seiner aktuellen Aufstellung extrem fragil ist und regelmäßiger Interventionen von außen bedarf. In einem zweiten Teil zieht der Beitrag die Parallele zu Gefahren, die dem Finanzmarkt durch den fortschreitenden Klimawandel drohen und ihrerseits eine Quelle von Instabilität sind. Die derzeit auf europäischer Ebene verfolgte Regulierungsagenda von Sustainable Finance zielt darauf ab, diese Risiken einzudämmen und den Finanzmarkt zum Hebel für den Klimaschutz zu machen. Inwiefern diese Ziele mit den gewählten Instrumenten erreichbar sind, wird kritisch beleuchtet. Das Fazit zeigt die Grenzen von Sustainable Finance auf und verdeutlicht, welche weiteren regulatorischen Schritte nötig wären, um den Finanzmarkt nicht nur nachhaltig, sondern auch inhärent stabil zu gestalten.
Soziale Bewegungen in Zeiten von Covid-19 zwischen Anpassung, Innovation und Brüchen
Authors: Mayer Maria del Carmen , Stern Verena , Daphi Priska
Published: June 2021

Der Artikel bietet einen Überblick über den noch jungen, internationalen Forschungsstand zum Umgang Sozialer Bewegungen mit der Covid-19 Pandemie. Bewegungen haben digitale Aktionsformen stärker aufgenommen und zum Teil mit analogen Formen verbunden. Der Straßenprotest ist aber nicht verschwunden, sondern hat sich den Pandemie-Bedingungen angepasst. Thematisch hat die Pandemie Probleme neu aufgeworfen oder verstärkt. Insbesondere Gewalt gegen Frauen und soziale Ungleichheit erhielten neue Aufmerksamkeit, aber auch rechte Akteur*innen konnten mobilisieren. Die vor der Pandemie prominenten Klimaproteste wiederum mussten ihre Proteste an die nun fehlende öffentliche Aufmerksamkeit anpassen. Wir zeigen die Änderungen, aber auch die Kontinuitäten innerhalb Sozialer Bewegungen in der Pandemie auf.
Hyponatremia in heart failure: not just 135 to 145
Authors: Suwanto Denny , Dewi Ivana Purnama , Fagi Rosi Amrilla
Published: June 2021

One of the most frequent in-hospital electrolyte disturbances is hyponatremia. Hyponatremia in heart failure (HF) is mainly associated with hypervolemia resulting from activation of baroreceptor-mediated hormones, such as arginine vasopressin (AVP), renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, and catecholamines. Various electrolyte imbalance can occur as heart failure progress. The goal of this review was to outline the current literature on hyponatremia in HF patients.
Some reflections on morphology in the language of the Linear A libation formula
Authors: Thomas Rose
Published: June 2021

The well-known Minoan libation formula is the richest source of information about the grammar of the language(s) of Linear A that is currently available. The following article will proceed from the assumptions that the language has a Verb-Subject-Object (VSO] word order and a complex polysynthetic verb, and on the basis of these assumptions attempt to draw some conclusions about the morphology, both nominal and verbal, of the language in question. It will attempt to work through the logical possibilities for the elements of the libation formula, and draw conclusions about the most likely interpretations of the morphology of these elements. Such conclusions are necessarily tentative, and in some cases, due to the paucity of available data, it will not be possible to reach any conclusion. However, there will be suggestions for future research, should more information become available.
Eteocypriot in the Bronze Age? The Cypro- Minoan cylinder from Enkomi as an accounting document
Authors: Janko Richard
Published: June 2021

The terracotta cylinder from Enkomi is the longest extant text in Cypro-Minoan 1, but its content is completely unknown. Scholars have held that it uses two different signs for word-dividers. However, it is here argued that one set of these signs is actually numerals, and that this is an accounting-document which uses single-sign abbreviations as on the classical Idalion tablet. Analysis of the resulting ‘entries’ on the cylinder yields sign-groups with terminations in -o-ti resembling those in the corpus of classical Eteocypriot texts; this similarity suggests linguistic continuity from the Bronze Age to the classical period.
A Cypriot city-kingdom for sale. Looking for political implications in two Tamassian bilingual inscriptions
Authors: Pestarino Beatrice
Published: June 2021

This new study of two bilingual inscriptions from Tamassos (ICS 265; ICS 215) provides information on the political status of this Cypriot city-state in the fourth century BC. In these years, Tamassos had remained independent, before king Pasikypros sold it to Pummayaton king of Kition (Duris, FGrH (BNJ) 76 F 4). Language and content of the bilingual texts are analysed and a few changes are made as compared to the previous editions. The inscriptions’ dating formulas with the name of king Milkyaton, king of Kition, provide evidence of the presence of Kitians in Tamassos already in the decades before the sale. Although Tamassos was landlocked and did not have a harbour, it may have entered into trade agreements with Kition in order to use its port to export copper productions. This may have laid the foundations for the future sale.
La lengua sidética. Una actualización
Authors: Orozco Santiago Pérez
Published: June 2021

Este artículo representa un reexamen del corpus sidético y su interpretación basada en la propuesta de nuevos valores para algunos signos.
The Υ/ζ distribution in Sidetic coin legends
Authors: Pérez Gem Ferrer
Published: June 2021

The aim of this paper is to present strong evidence that confirms the different but related value of the Sidetic letters Υ and ζ in the light of the testimony of a singular Sidetic coin legend. We draw attention to certain variants of coin legends that may help to determine the proper value of both signs. The evidence also establishes that the Sidetic inventory distinguished between the five vowels a, e, i, o, u and the two semivowels j, w.
Detection of cysteine-rich peptides in Tragia benthamii Baker (Euphorbiaceae) and in vivo antiinflammatory effect in a chick model
Authors: Attah Alfred F. , Omobola Abobarin I. , Moody Jones O. , Sonibare Mubo A. , Adebukola Olubori M. , Onasanwo Samuel A.
Published: June 2021

Tragia benthamii (TBM) commonly called the climbing nettle is a tropical plant claimed to have numerous anti inflammatory effects in sub Saharan African ethnomedicine which lacks scientific evidence. Aqueous extracts of TBM were further prepurified on a RP-C18 parked solid phase system to obtain 20% aqueous fraction. This fraction was enzymatically and chemically analyzed (by MALDI TOF MS and MS/MS) to contain interesting low molecular weight cysteine-rich stable peptides within the range of 2.5–3.2 KDa. The 20% aqueous fraction was further tested in vivo using carrageenan-induced foot edema (acute inflammation) in seven-day old chicks with diclofenac as reference drug. The cytotoxicity of this active fraction was investigated using the brine shrimp lethality assay. The brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay produced LC50 above 1000 μg/mL. Pretreatment with the TBM extract (30–300 mg/kg, i.p) dose dependently (P<0.01) reduced foot edema with maximal inhibition of 0.253 ± 0.180 (84.3%) at 300 mg/kg body weight, which was comparable to that of diclofenac with inhibition (P<0.05) of 0.410 ± 0.271 (74.5%) at 10 mg/kg body weight. The study has therefore shown for the first time, the detection of cysteine-rich biologically active peptides in T. benthamii and the stable peptide extracts from this ethnomedicinal plant, which is not toxic to Artemia salina, exhibits anti inflammatory activity in a chick in vivo model. This may provide scientific evidence for its use in the treatment of inflammation and pain in traditional medicine. Further in-depth vivo and in vitro studies will be required to investigate its anti inflammatory activity including effect on HUVEC-TERT, the possible inhibition of ICAM-1 surface expression and the mechanism of the anti inflammatory effect.
Hidden in plain sight: the archaeological landscape of Mithaka Country, south-west Queensland
Authors: Westaway Michael C. , Williams Douglas , Lowe Kelsey , Wright Nathan J. , Kerkhove Ray , Silcock Jennifer , Gorringe Joshua , Miszkiewicz Justyna , Wood Rachel , Adams Richard , Manne Tiina , Adams Shaun , Miscamble Tony , Stout Justin , Wrobel Gabriel D. , Kemp Justine , Hendry Brooke , Gorringe Max , Gorringe Betty , Lander Keiron , Gorringe Shawnee , Andrews Ian , Collard Mark
Published: June 2021

Ethnohistoric accounts indicate that the people of Australia's Channel Country engaged in activities rarely recorded elsewhere on the continent, including food storage, aquaculture and possible cultivation, yet there has been little archaeological fieldwork to verify these accounts. Here, the authors report on a collaborative research project initiated by the Mithaka people addressing this lack of archaeological investigation. The results show that Mithaka Country has a substantial and diverse archaeological record, including numerous large stone quarries, multiple ritual structures and substantial dwellings. Our archaeological research revealed unknown aspects, such as the scale of Mithaka quarrying, which could stimulate re-evaluation of Aboriginal socio-economic systems in parts of ancient Australia.
Health Professional’s Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Adolescent Pregnancy Care in Primary Health Care Centers in Erbil City
Authors:   Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq., Mustafa Srwa , Mirkhan Hamdia ,   Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq.
Published: June 2021

Background and objectives: The World Health Organization defines adolescent pregnancy as pregnancy in which the mother is under the age of 20 at the time the pregnancy ends. About 16 million girls aging between 15 and 19 years give birth every year. The study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and attitude among nurses and physicians in Erbil Primary Health Care Centers regarding adolescent pregnancy care and comparing them. Methods: A quantitative; descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in maternal and child health care units at twenty three Primary Health Care Centers in Erbil city, between November 15th , 2018 and November 15th , 2019. Non-probability, Convenience sam-pling technique was used for selecting sample which includes 95 from the total of 100 health professionals. Data was collected through interview (face to face) by using ques-tionnaire form which was designed by the investigator. Data were analyzed using the Chi square test, Fisher’s exact test. Results: Health professionals mean age + SD was 41.95 + 8.40 years, ranging from 27 to 62 years. The median was 42 years. Less than half (42.1%) of the sample were nurses, and the rest were physicians of different specialties. The highest percentage of the nurse’s knowledge and attitude were in medium level (42.5% and 47.5%, respectively). The high-est percentage of physician’s knowledge and attitude were in high level (58.3% and 65.5% respectively). There were significant difference between them regarding their knowledge (p = 0.32) and attitude (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Health professionals working in maternal and child health care units need improving their knowledge and attitude regarding adolescent pregnancy care. Nurses need more information and training sessions regarding that.
Quality of Immediate Postoperative Nursing Care for Patients in Public and Private Hospitals in Erbil City, Iraq- Comparative Study
Authors:   Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq., Ali Sideeq
Published: June 2021

Background and objective: The 1 to 2 hours for the first 24 hours after surgical operation is a crucial time to perform patient care. The study aimed to assess and compare quality of immediate post operation nursing care for patients undergoing surgeries in the public and private hospitals in Erbil City. Methods: A comparative study design was conducted on non-probability and purposive sample of 106 nurses (53 nurses of public hospitals and 53 nurses from private hospitals) in the surgical unit in all public and some private hospitals in Erbil city. The data was col-lected between February and July, 2019 by direct observation and using an observational questionnaire. Results: The majority of the nurses were young adults who had graduated from a nursing institute who were of middle income and lived in an urban area. The duration of experi-ence as a nurse was between 1 to 10 years. The majority of the nurses (98.1%) in the pub-lic hospitals they practiced poor nursing care practice, while most of the nurses (69.8) in the private hospitals practiced good nursing care practices. Very high significant differ-ence found between immediate post operation nursing care in public and private hospi-tals (P <0.000). Conclusion: The study concluded that; postoperative nursing care is very important to improve health services, but the quality of the nursing care in the public hospitals as a generally was very poor when compared with the private hospitals. We recommended improving their skills by implementation job description, opening training course and monitoring of the nurses as well as awareness and follow-up.
Scope of Mothers’ Knowledge Regarding Child Fever Management in Ranya City, Iraq Kurdistan Region
Authors:   Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Raparin, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq., Ameen Blend
Published: June 2021

Background and objective: Children’s caregivers around the world are often unaware of the level of body temperature that indicates a fever. The way that they deal with a fever-ish child is sometimes incorrect or inappropriate. This study aimed to assess the mothers’ knowledge regarding fever management of a child under the age of five. Methods: A quantitative descriptive study was carried out in Ranya in the Kurdistan Re-gion of Iraq in 2018-2019. A purposive sample of 120 participants was initially selected from the mothers who attended two Primary Healthcare Centers (Kewarash and Paparin) in Ranya. The questionnaire was utilized as a tool for data collection, and both descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistical data analysis included frequencies, percentages, and mean scores and the inferential sta-tistical data analysis provided mean scores and Chi-square. Results: A total of 110 mothers participated in the study after the exclusion of 10 women. The findings showed that 76% of participants did not know which measurement is the best to measure child temperature, 82% were not sure about the best place to take child’s temperature, and 63% did not have knowledge about what temperature is consid-ered to be a fever. According to the results, 72% of mothers believed that a cold sponge or ice pack is suitable for lowering body temperature, while 87% of mothers knew the most common complication of high fever. There was a positive association between level of education and mothers' knowledge regarding child fever management. Conclusions: While mothers have some knowledge about fever and its management, they are unable to utilize this knowledge correctly. An educational program should be devel-oped for mothers who attend primary healthcare centres to teach them about child fever management.
Dialysis-Related Factors Affecting Activities of Daily Living among Hemo-dialysis Patients in Erbil City
Authors:   Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq., Ali Sideeq , Naqshbandi Vian ,   Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq., Sedeeq Shihab ,   Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq.
Published: June 2021

Background and objectives: Hemodialysis procedure is one of the important replacement therapies for patients with renal failure. Maintenance hemodialysis is associated with many complications that play a significant role in the activities of daily living. The present study aimed to find out the factors affecting activities of daily living among patients with maintenance hemodialysis in Erbil City in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on 268 patients undergoing mainte-nance hemodialysis for more than two months, and at least two times per a week at two dialysis centres in Erbil City from December 2019 to April 2020. The activities of daily living and complications from the hemodialysis procedure questionnaire to collect research da-ta. The data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistical approach including fre-quency, percentages, and inferential statistical analysis consisting chi-square test. Results: According to the findings of the study, the majority of participants were above 51 years of age, able to read and write, with middle income, and from an urban area. Almost half of the study sample were males, and most were on hemodialysis between one and three years. The majority of them had hypertension and complications associated with he-modialysis such as headache and hypotension, and more than half had back pain. A highly significant association was found between dependency in activities of daily living and some socio-economic and clinical variables. Furthermore, a significant association was found be-tween dependency in activities of daily living and some hemodialysis complications with P<0.001. Conclusion: According to the result of the study, the researchers concluded that partici-pants suffered from chronic diseases, hemodialysis complications and low level of activities of daily living. The complications of hemodialysis treatment were significantly affecting the activities of daily living. Haemodialysis patients need more education and nursing care to reduce treatment complications and to increase their activities.
The Politics of Early Programming Languages
Authors: Nofre David
Published: June 2021

There probably has never been such a controversial programming language as Algol. In the early 1960s the disciplinary success of the so-called Algol project in helping to forge the discipline of computer science was not matched by a significant adoption of the Algol language, in any of its three versions. This contrast is even more striking when considering the contemporary success of IBM’s Fortran, a language that, like Algol, was also conceived for scientific computation, but unlike Algol, initially only available for IBM computers. Through extensive archival research, this article shows how the relentless pursuit of a still better language that came to dominate the agenda of the Algol project brought to the fore the tension between the research-driven dimension of the project and the goal of developing a reliable programming language. Such a strong research-oriented agenda increased IBM’s doubts about a project that the firm already felt little urge to support. Yet IBM did not want to appear as obstructing the development of either Algol or Cobol, even if these “common languages” posed a clear risk to the firm’s marketing model. The US Department of Defense’s endorsement of Cobol and the rising popularity of Algol in Europe convinced IBM to push for the use of Fortran in Western Europe in order to protect the domestic market. IBM’s action in support of Fortran reminds us of the power imbalances that have shaped computer science.
Conceptualizing Black Political Disillusionment
Authors: Coleman Marcus J. , Steedman Marek , Iliev Iliyan , Turner Lawless
Published: June 2021

This article explores the impact of increased political disillusion on support for a Black regime within a city shaped by Black empowerment. Building on findings from previous research on the 2010 mayoral election in New Orleans, Louisiana (NOLA), we examine how the intersection of race and economic stratification influences political disillusion in a Black community. W.E.B. Du Bois’s double consciousness guides our examination of the Black political sphere relative to the election of Mayor Mitch Landrieu in 2010. We conduct a quantitative content analysis to illuminate the communicative elements resulting from Black empowerment and the political incorporation of Black residents of New Orleans in relation to political disillusion. All participants (n=22) in this sample are Black New Orleanians who were eligible to vote in the 2010 New Orleans mayoral election. Our findings convey a Black electorate both disillusioned by post-Katrina economic and political developments and yet pragmatic about the possibilities for greater success with a white mayor. Also, the findings suggest that government disillusion influences why Black voters are willing to elect a white mayor. Lastly, we assert that participants, while being seen as outsiders to their community, develop a second-sight. This second-sight is generated by intra-racial political considerations that take on cultural, as well as political, form.
Podmorski nalazi u Mulinama na otoku Ugljanu
Authors: Gluščević Smiljan , Stepan Nikolina
Published: June 2021

U članku su obrađeni podmorski arheološki nalazi nađeni ispred gospodarskog kompleksa u Mulinama na sjeverozapadnom dijelu otoka Ugljana. Riječ je o nalazima, prije svega keramičkih ulomaka te nešto stakla, prikupljenim tijekom kratkih sondažnih arheoloških istraživanja provedenih 1997. godine. Najveći broj pripada dijelovima amfora, ali su pronađeni i ulomci finijih sigilatnih ili grubljih kuhinjskih keramičkih posuda, nekoliko ulomaka tegula, dva ulomka uljanica i jedan pršljen. Nažalost, velik broj nalaza nije moguće tipološki odrediti jer je riječ tek o ulomcima trbuha i tijela amfora koji ne pružaju dovoljno podataka za detaljniju klasifikaciju. U radu je predstavljen samo dio primjeraka koji su sa sigurnošću determinirani, a njihovom je klasifikacijom određen vremenski okvir kojem pripada i čitav antički i kasnoantički kompleks
Usklađenost regulatornog okvira računovodstva dugotrajne materijalne imovine poduzeća u Republici Hrvatskoj i Bosni i Hercegovini
Authors: Aljinović Barać Željana , Porobija Tea
Published: June 2021

Predmet ovoga rada je utvrđivanje razine usklađenosti, odnosno harmonizacije primjenjivoga regulatornog okvira (računovodstvenih standarda) kod priznavanja i mjerenja različitih kategorija dugotrajne materijalne imovine u Republici Hrvatskoj (RH) te Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH). Provedenim istraživanjem utvrđena je 93 %-tna harmonizacija regulatornog okvira te je dokazano kako se regulatorni okvir računovodstvenog priznavanja i mjerenja dugotrajne imovine u RH i BiH poklapa u 13 od 14 analiziranih područja vrednovanja dugotrajne imovine. Empirijska verifikacija korištenih računovodstvenih politika među listanim poduzećima u RH i BiH potvrdila je postojanje značajnih razlika u računovodstvenim politikama vrednovanja nekretnina, postrojenja i opreme te poljoprivrede, konkretno biološke imovine. S druge strane, u području naknadnog vrednovanja ulaganja u nekretnine, primijenjenih metoda amortizacije te vrednovanju poljoprivrednih proizvoda proizišlih iz biološke imovine, utvrđeno je nepostojanje statistički značajnih razlika u korištenim računovodstvenim politikama između poduzeća u RH i BiH. Dobiveni rezultati bi u prvom redu trebali olakšati usporedivost financijskih izvještaja poduzeća iz RH i BiH, a time posljedično i pozitivno utjecati na povećanje tokova kapitala između ovih dviju susjednih zemalja. U znanstvenom kontekstu predmetno istraživanje značajan je doprinos oskudnoj literaturi navedene tematike.
Kvantitativna analiza emocionalnog doživljaja gostiju u restoranima Opatijske rivijere
Authors: Marković Suzana , Raspor Janković Sanja , Gjurašić Matina
Published: June 2021

U ekonomiji doživljaja ljudi više ne kupuju proizvode i usluge, nego iskustva koja im pružaju snažne emocionalne i iskustvene reakcije. Iako se koncepti kvalitete usluga i zadovoljstva klijenta istražuju niz godina, i dalje se nalaze u fokusu znanstvenih i stručnih istraživanja. Međutim, malo je radova koji mjere i istražuju emocionalni doživljaj gostiju u restoranima. Stoga je cilj ovoga rada iscrpno analizirati dosadašnja istraživanja koja se bave ovim konceptima i razviti instrument DINEXPE za mjerenje emocionalnog doživljaja gostiju u restoranu. U tu svrhu razvijen je upitnik koji se sastoji od 35 varijabli, a u analizi prikupljenih podataka primijenjene su metode statističke analize. Uzorak čini 195 gostiju restorana koji su posjetili astronomski festival u Lovranu (Opatijska rivijera) u travnju 2018. godine. Rezultati ovoga istraživanja pomoći će voditeljima restorana u hrvatskom turizmu, pa i šire, u razumijevanju svojih gostiju te u dizajniranju kvalitete usluga koja će biti u skladu s njihovim očekivanjima.
Institucionalno okruženje i FDI u uvjetima pandemije COVID-19 na primjeru Republike Hrvatske
Authors: Buterin Vesna
Published: June 2021

Pandemija COVID-19 prouzročila je dosad nezabilježene promjene u ponašanju pojedinaca i ekonomskih entiteta koje su potom dovele do usporavanja gospodarskog rasta gotovo svih zemalja svijeta te do realne prijetnje nastanka ekonomskih kriza čija će trajanja i pojavni oblici ovisiti o karakteristikama te dosadašnjim performansama pojedinih nacionalnih ekonomija. Nepredvidivost te posljedična neizvjesnost budućih ekonomskih parametara dovode do suzdržavanja i smanjivanja investicija, kako domaćih tako i stranih što povratno djeluje na daljnje smanjivanje stopa rasta. Iskustva su pokazala da su zemlje s većom razinom institucionalne razvijenosti uspijevale brže i učinkovitije prevladati gospodarske krize, dok su u zemljama s lošim institucijama krize trajale dulje i imale su obilježja perzistentnosti. Hrvatska je posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća prolazila kroz institucionalnu stagnaciju što se odrazilo na ekonomsko zaostajanje za bivšim tranzicijskim zemljama na brojnim gospodarskim područjima, uključujući i privlačenje kvalitetnih izravnih stranih investicija. S druge strane, zbog svojih specifičnosti krizna su vremena pogodna za provođenje institucionalnih promjena i za ubrzani institucionalni razvoj. Autorica istražuje razinu institucionalne razvijenosti u Hrvatskoj te mogućnosti za akceleraciju institucionalnog rasta u kontekstu budućeg privlačenja stranih investicija i djelovanja na budući rast gospodarstva.