bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Norepinephrine activates β1‐adrenergic receptors at the inner nuclear membrane in astrocytes
Authors: Benton Kelsey C. , Wheeler Daniel S. , Kurtoglu Beliz , Ansari Mahshid Bagher Zadeh , Cibich Daniel P. , Gonzalez Dante A. , Herbst Matthew R. , Khursheed Saema , Knorr Rachel C. , Lobner Doug , Maglasang Jenree G. , Rohr Kayla E. , Taylor Analisa , Twining Robert C. , Witt Paul J. , Gasser Paul J.
Published: May 2022

Norepinephrine exerts powerful influences on the metabolic, neuroprotective and immunoregulatory functions of astrocytes. Until recently, all effects of norepinephrine were believed to be mediated by receptors localized exclusively to the plasma membrane. However, recent studies in cardiomyocytes have identified adrenergic receptors localized to intracellular membranes, including Golgi and inner nuclear membranes, and have shown that norepinephrine can access these receptors via transporter‐mediated uptake. We recently identified a high‐capacity norepinephrine transporter, organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3), densely localized to outer nuclear membranes in astrocytes, suggesting that adrenergic signaling may also occur at the inner nuclear membrane in these cells. Here, we used immunofluorescence and western blot to show that β1‐adrenergic receptors are localized to astrocyte inner nuclear membranes; that key adrenergic signaling partners are present in astrocyte nuclei; and that OCT3 and other catecholamine transporters are localized to astrocyte plasma and nuclear membranes. To test the functionality of nuclear membrane β1‐adrenergic receptors, we monitored real‐time protein kinase A (PKA) activity in astrocyte nuclei using a fluorescent biosensor. Treatment of astrocytes with norepinephrine induced rapid increases in PKA activity in the nuclear compartment. Pretreatment of astrocytes with inhibitors of catecholamine uptake blocked rapid norepinephrine‐induced increases in nuclear PKA activity. These studies, the first to document functional adrenergic receptors at the nuclear membrane in any central nervous system cell, reveal a novel mechanism by which norepinephrine may directly influence nuclear processes. This mechanism may contribute to previously described neuroprotective, metabolic and immunoregulatory actions of norepinephrine.
Beyond circadian rhythms: emerging roles of ultradian rhythms in control of liver functions
Authors: Asher Gad , Zhu Bokai
Published: May 2022

The mammalian liver must cope with various metabolic and physiological changes that normally recur every day and primarily stem from daily cycles of rest‐activity and fasting‐feeding. Although a large body of evidence supports the reciprocal regulation of circadian rhythms and liver function, the research on the hepatic ultradian rhythms have largely been lagging behind. However, with the advent of more cost‐effective high‐throughput omics technologies, high‐resolution time‐lapse imaging, and more robust and powerful mathematical tools, several recent studies have shed new light on the presence and functions of hepatic ultradian rhythms. In this review, we will first very briefly discuss the basic principles of circadian rhythms, and then cover in greater details the recent literature related to ultradian rhythms. Specifically, we will highlight the prevalence and mechanisms of hepatic 12‐h rhythms, and 8‐h rhythms, which cycle at the second and third harmonics of circadian frequency. Finally, we also refer to ultradian rhythms with other frequencies and examine the limitations of the current approaches as well as the challenges related to identifying ultradian rhythm and addressing their molecular underpinnings.
Development of a system of heparin multilayers on titanium surfaces for dual growth factor release
Authors: Behrens Christina , Kauffmann Philipp , von Hahn Nikolaus , Giesecke Ariane , Schirmer Uwe , Liefeith Klaus , Schliephake Henning
Published: May 2022

The aim of the present study was to establish a modular platform of poly‐L‐lysine‐heparin (PLL‐Hep) polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) coatings on titanium surfaces for dual growth factor delivery of recombinant human bone morphogenic protein 2 (rhBMP2) and recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (rhVEGF165) in clinically relevant quantities. Release characteristics for both growth factors differed significantly depending on film architecture. rhBMP2 induced activation of alkaline phosphatase in C2C12 cells and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). rhVEGF mediated induction of von Willebrand factor (vWF) in hMSCs and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Osteogenic and angiogenic effects were modified by variation in cross‐linking and architecture of the PEMs. By creating multilayer films with distinct zones, release characteristics and proportion of both growth factor delivery could be tuned and surface‐activity modified to enhance angiogenic or osteogenic function in various ways. In summary, the system provides a modular platform for growth factor delivery that allows for individual composition and accentuation of angiogenic and osteogenic surface properties.
Enhanced performance for Rhodamine B degradation over SnO2/BiOBr photocatalyst
Authors: Zhao Hong‐jian , Yu Zhe , Wu Ren‐Jang , Yi Ming , Zhang Guang‐hong , Zhou Yan , Han Zheng‐bing , Li Xu , Ma Fu
Published: May 2022

SnO2/BiOBr photocatalyst with broad‐spectrum response was one step constructed via in situ hydrothermal method; SnO2 was anchored on the surface of BiOBr sheets by acidolysis of Na2SnO3 in the stock solution producing BiOBr. The photocatalytic degradation activity over rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light‐emitting diode irradiation of BiOBr is further improved by coupling a 7% amount of SnO2. The reaction rate constant of 7%SnO2/BiOBr is 8.2 times that of pristine BiOBr. The enhanced photocatalytic performance can be ascribed to the excellent adsorption abilities for RhB, broadening visible light response, and efficient transfer of photogenerated electrons from BiOBr to SnO2.
Influence of chlorhexidine, propolis, pulpal pressure simulation, and aging on dentin bond strength
Authors: Perote Letícia Carvalho Coutinho Costa , Barcellos Daphne Camara , Matuda Amanda Guedes Nogueira , Campos Raquel Pinto , Rosetti Elizabeth Pimentel , Pucci César Rogério
Published: May 2022

The present study evaluated the bond strength (μTBS) of dentin treated with chlorhexidine and propolis subjected to simulated pulpal pressure (SPP) and thermocycle aging. One hundred and twenty healthy human molars were sectioned to obtain 2 mm of dentin thickness and were divided into two groups (n = 60): SPP (15 cm H2O) and no SPP (Control group). Dentin surfaces were conditioned with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 s and were divided according to the dentin treatment (n = 20): Control; Chlorhexidine gluconate (0.2% for 30 s) and Propolis (aqueous propolis extract for 30 s). Half of the specimens were submitted to 15,000 thermocycle aging (5 ± 2°C and 55 ± 2°C). The samples were sectioned into beams and submitted to μTBS. Data were analyzed by three‐way ANOVA (SPP × Dentin treatment × Thermocycle aging) and the Tukey's tests (p < .001). With regard to the SPP, ANOVA revealed that the Control group (32.98 MPa) had significantly higher values of μTBS when compared to the SPP (29.19 MPa). With regard to Thermocycle aging, no aging (34.05 MPa) had significantly higher values of μTBS when compared to the aging (28.12 MPa). With regard to the dentin treatment, Propolis and Chlorhexidine did not statistically influence the results (p > .05). The SPP and thermocycle aging negatively influenced the bond strength between the dentin and resin; the 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate and aqueous propolis extract solutions did not interfere in the bond strength between the resin and dentin. The use of chlorhexidine and propolis as a dental treatment may not influence the dentin bond strength, but SPP and thermocycle aging may damage the longitudinal dentin bond strength.

Research Highlights

Chlorhexidine and propolis as a dental treatment may not influence the dentin bond strength.

Simulated pulpal pressure and thermocycle aging may damage the longitudinal dentin bond strength.
Design of Mid‐Q Response: A prospective, randomized trial of adaptive cardiac resynchronization therapy in Asian patients
Authors: Kusano Kengo , Park Seung‐Jung , Johar Sofian , Lim Toon Wei , Gerritse Bart , Hidaka Kazuhiro , Aonuma Kazutaka
Published: May 2022

Aims

The aim of the Mid‐Q Response study is to test the hypothesis that adaptive preferential left ventricular‐only pacing with the AdaptivCRT algorithm has superior clinical outcomes compared to conventional cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in heart failure (HF) patients with moderately wide QRS duration (≥120 ms and <150 ms), left bundle branch block (LBBB), and normal atrioventricular (AV) conduction (PR interval ≤200 ms).

Methods

This prospective, multi‐center, randomized, controlled, clinical study is being conducted at approximately 60 centers in Asia. Following enrollment and baseline assessment, eligible patients are implanted with a CRT system equipped with the AdaptivCRT algorithm and are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to have AdaptivCRT ON (Adaptive Bi‐V and LV pacing) or AdaptivCRT OFF (Nonadaptive CRT). A minimum of 220 randomized patients are required for analysis of the primary endpoint, clinical composite score (CCS) at 6 months post‐implant. The secondary and ancillary endpoints are all‐cause and cardiovascular death, hospitalizations for worsening HF, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), atrial fibrillation (AF), and cardiovascular adverse events at 6 or 12 months.

Conclusion

The Mid‐Q Response study is expected to provide additional evidence on the incremental benefit of the AdaptivCRT algorithm among Asian HF patients with normal AV conduction, moderately wide QRS, and LBBB undergoing CRT implant.
Supplier inventory leanness and financial performance
Authors: Barker Jordan M. , Hofer Christian , Hoberg Kai , Eroglu Cuneyt
Published: May 2022

Numerous studies have examined the relationship between inventory management and financial performance. However, the focus of such empirical work has primarily been on how a firm's own inventory characteristics affect its performance. Our objective is to extend this body of literature beyond the firm‐level. We draw on inventory theory and resource‐based theories to hypothesize about the effect of supplier inventory leanness on a focal firm's financial performance and how supplier and focal firm inventory leanness interact to affect such outcomes. We test our hypotheses using a large panel dataset of supplier‐focal firm relationships obtained from Compustat's Customer Segment database and aggregated to the focal firm‐quarter level, as well as firm financial information from Compustat's Fundamentals Quarterly database. The econometric analyses provide evidence that supplier inventory leanness influences focal firm financial performance indirectly through the interaction with the firm's own inventory leanness. In particular, our estimation results detail how supplier inventory leanness affects the non‐linearity of the focal firm's inventory leanness‐financial performance relationship and its optimal inventory leanness level. The findings broaden the scope of empirical inventory literature and highlight supplier inventory leanness as an important consideration in firm‐level inventory decision making.
Recent advances on discovery of enzyme inhibitors from natural products using bioactivity screening
Authors: Yan Tian‐Ci , Cao Jun , Ye Li‐Hong
Published: May 2022

The essence of enzymes is to keep the homeostasis and balance of humans by catalyzing metabolic responses and modulating cells. Suppression of an enzyme slows the progress of some diseases, making it a therapeutic target. Therefore, it is important to develop enzyme inhibitors by proper bioactivity screening strategies for the future treatment of some major diseases. In this review, we summarized the recent (2015–2020) applications of several screening strategies (electrophoretically mediated microanalysis, enzyme immobilization, affinity chromatography, and affinity ultrafiltration) in finding enzyme inhibitors from certain species of bioactive natural compounds of plant origin (flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, saponins, anthraquinones, coumarins). At the same time, the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy were also discussed, and the future possible development direction in enzyme inhibitor screening has been prospected. To sum up, it is expected to help readers select suitable screening strategies for enzyme inhibitors and provide useful information for the study of the biological effects of specific kinds of natural products.
Environmental degradation in the transnational area of Changbai Mountain based on multiple remote sensing data
Authors: Sun Yaohang , Nan Ying , Zhang Da , Yang Yanmin , Gan Xuegang , Piao Lichen
Published: May 2022

Rapid and effective assessment of environmental degradation is essential for promoting regional sustainable development in the transnational area of Changbai Mountain (TACM). However, a comprehensive understanding of environmental degradation in the TACM remains inadequate. In this study, we developed an environmental degradation index (EDI) using multiple remote sensing data, including the enhanced vegetation index, gross primary productivity, land surface temperature, and moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) surface reflectance products. We then evaluated the performance of the developed index in comparison with that of the remote sensing ecological index and assessed environmental degradation across the entire TACM, in the subregions of China, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), and Russia from 2000 to 2019. The results indicate that the EDI has various advantages, such as speed, flexibility, and simplicity, and can be used to effectively identify and evaluate the environmental degradation dynamics caused by urban expansion and cropland loss. The TACM experienced a downward trend in environmental change from 2000 to 2019. Degraded environment areas (49,329.50 km2) accounted for 30.09% of the entire TACM. The largest area of the degraded environment was in the DPRK subregion (i.e., 25,395.00 km2), which was 5.6‐times and 1.3‐times larger than that in the Russian and Chinese subregions, respectively. Hotspot areas that experienced significant environmental degradation covered only 17.69% of the land area of the TACM, within which the area of environmental degradation accounted for 33.89% of the total degraded environment across the entire TACM. We suggest that international cooperation policies and measures be enacted to promote sustainable regional development.
Single‐Lens Light‐Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy Based on Micro‐Mirror Array
Authors: Cai Yanhui , Chen Yizhu , Xia Yiqiu , Zheng Siyang , Liu Zhiwen , Shi Kebin
Published: May 2022

Conventional light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) utilizes two perpendicularly arranged objective lenses for optical excitation and detection, respectively. Such a configuration often limits the use of high‐numerical‐aperture (NA) objectives or requires specially designed long‐working‐distance objectives. Here, a LSFM based on a micro‐mirror array (MMA) to enable light sheet imaging with a single objective lens is reported. The planar fluorescent emission excited by the light sheet illumination is collected by the same objective, relayed onto an MMA and detected by a side‐view camera. The proposed scheme makes LSFM compatible to single objective imaging system and shows promising candidacy for high spatiotemporal imaging.
Self‐Aligned Laser‐Induced Periodic Surface Structures for Large‐Area Controllable Nanopatterning
Authors: Huang Jiaxu , Xu Kang , Xu Shaolin , Li Xiaowei , Wei Qi‐Huo
Published: May 2022

Laser‐induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) have become an important avenue towards surface nanopatterning and certain device applications due to their subwavelength feature size and versatility with different materials. However, the uncontrollable non‐uniformity in achievable nanostructures presents a limit towards its practical application. Here, a robust approach is proposed to obtain controllable nanostructures with long‐range order based on a new insight into one of the electromagnetic origins of nonuniformity of LIPSS, namely a half‐periodic mismatched optical enhancement (h‐MOE) effect. The h‐MOE effect originates from the interference enhancement of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) located between tips of every two adjacent ripples in laser scanning process. It is found that LIPSS can be self‐aligned and highly controllable if the h‐MOE effect is elaborately modulated through designed laser scanning strategies especially sequential scanning paths. The new laser nanopatterning approach based on h‐MOE demonstrates controllable patterning ability to theoretically infinitely large‐area super‐straight gratings, orientation‐controllable gratings, and half‐periodic mismatched nanohole arrays.
An Adaptive Measure of Visuospatial Impairment in Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Authors: Phillips Joseph R. , Matar Elie , Ehgoetz Martens Kaylena A. , Moustafa Ahmed A. , Halliday Glenda M. , Lewis Simon J.G.
Published: May 2022

Background

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a common cause of dementia with poor prognosis and high hospitalization rates. DLB is frequently misdiagnosed, with clinical features that overlap significantly with other diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). Clinical instruments that discriminate and track the progression of cognitive impairment in DLB are needed.

Objectives

The current study was designed to assess the utility of a mental rotation (MR) task for assessing visuospatial impairments in early DLB.

Methods

Accuracy of 22 DLB patients, 22 PD patients and 22 age‐matched healthy controls in the MR task were compared at comparing shapes with 0°, 45° and 90° rotations.

Results

Healthy controls and PD patients performed at similar levels while the DLB group were significantly impaired. Further, impairment in the visuospatial and executive function measures correlated with MR poor outcomes.

Conclusion

These findings support the MR task as an objective measure of visuospatial impairment with the ability to adjust difficulty to suit impairments in a DLB population. This would be a useful tool within clinical trials.
Inertial manifolds for the 3D hyperviscous Navier–Stokes equation with L2 force
Authors: Cui Na , Zhang Tingcong
Published: May 2022

In this article, we devote to the finite dimensional reduction for the hyperviscous Navier–Stokes equation with
force and prove the existence of an
‐dimensional inertial manifold for this problem in
.
Dietary Exosome‐Like Nanoparticles: An Updated Review on Their Pharmacological and Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Anusha Rajitha , Priya Sulochana
Published: May 2022

Exosomes are lipid bilayer membrane‐bound extracellular vesicular structures (30–150 nm) mainly released by eukaryotic cells of animal origin. Exosome‐like nanoparticles (ELNs) are the vesicular structures originating from plant sources with features similar to eukaryotic animal cell derived exosomes. ELNs derived from dietary sources (dietary ELNs) have exceptional pharmacological potential in alleviating many diseases and are good in maintaining intestinal health through the manipulation of the gut microbiome. The dietary ELNs being highly biocompatible find their application in targeted therapy as well. They are being established as promising drug delivery agents and can also be developed into dietary supplements. This review highlights the ELNs derived from various dietary sources, their diversity in molecular compositions, potential health benefits, and drug delivery applications. Few clinical trials are attempted with dietary ELNs which are also described in the review along with their properties that can be exploited for the food and pharma industries in the future.
Surgical anatomy of the vaginal introitus
Authors: Haylen Bernard T. , Vu Dzung , Wong Audris
Published: May 2022

Aim

The vaginal introitus is the entrance to the vagina, encompassing the anterior and posterior vestibules and the perineum. The surgical anatomy of the vaginal introitus, the lowest level of the vagina, has not been subject to a recent comprehensive examination and description. Vaginal introital surgery (perineorrhaphy) should be a key part of surgery for a majority of pelvic organ prolapse.

Methods

Cadaver studies were performed on the anterior and posterior vestibules and the perineum. Histological studies were performed on the excised perineal specimens of a cohort of 50 women undergoing perineorrhaphy. Included are pre‐ and postoperative studies which were performed on 50 women to determine the anatomical and histological changes achieved with a simple (anterior) perineorrhaphy.

Results

The vaginal introitus is equivalent to the Level III section of the vagina, measured posteriorly from the clitoris to the anterior perineum then down the perineum to the anal verge. The anterior and posterior vestibules, with nonkeratinizing epithelium, extend laterally to the keratinized epithelium of the labia minora (Hart's line). The anterior vestibule has six anatomical layers while the posterior vestibule has three. The perineum has an inverse trapezoid shape. Perineorrhaphy specimens were a mean 2.9 cm wide and 1.6 cm deep. They show squamous epithelium with loose underlying connective tissue. There were no important structures seen histologically, for example, ligaments or muscles. Microscopically, only 6 (12%) were completely normal with 44 (88%) showing minor changes including inflammation and scarring. Considerable anatomical benefits were achieved with such a perineorrhaphy including a 27.6% increase in the perineal length and a 30.8% reduction in the genital hiatus.

Conclusion

An understanding of the anatomy and histology of the vaginal introitus can assist with performing a simple and effective perineorrhaphy, the main surgical intervention at the vaginal introitus.
Preparation of poly (ε‐caprolactone) as a gel electrolyte fordye‐sensitizedsolar cells
Authors: Gunasekaran Ahalya , Chen Hsuan‐Ying , Ponnusamy Vinoth Kumar , Aljafari Belqasem , Sambandam Anandan
Published: May 2022

Substantially to increase the efficiency of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), it has been fabricated with the polymer gel electrolytes (PGEs) by replacing the liquid electrolytes (LEs). Poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) has been synthesized as a crystalline solid biopolymer of about 74% yield using different 6‐membered ring phenolate Al complexes. As prepared PCL was blended with LE used in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) to prepare high polydispersity index (PDI) PGE. The prepared PGE shows cross‐linking between carboxyl and hydroxyl groups and interacts with iodide ions to form a chelate complex structure. The PGE was well‐characterized using various analytical tools to demonstrate its structural and surface morphology. The fabricated DSSCs using PGE showed high ionic conductivity (7.76 × 10−4 S cm−1), good tri‐iodide diffusion (2.052 × 10−6Cm2S−1), and a highly stable incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency (PCE; 5.92%) under solar light illumination (85 mW cm−2). Besides found PGE has improved long‐term stability up to 15 days, and these results proved that the prepared PGE is superior compared to other reported PGEs.
An evaluation of the disparities affecting the underdiagnosis of pediatric cancer in Western Kenya
Authors: Severance Tyler S. , Njuguna Festus , Olbara Gilbert , Kugo Maureen , Langat Sandra , Mostert Saskia , Klootwijk Larissa , Skiles Jodi , Coven Scott L. , Overholt Kathleen M. , Kaspers Gertjan , Vik Terry A.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Western Kenya is home to approximately 24 million people, with 10 million children under the age of 15 years.1 Based on estimates of cancer incidence in similar populations from around the world, approximately 1500 patients should be diagnosed with pediatric cancer each year. This article describes the international collaboration that investigates potential barriers preventing the effective diagnosis of pediatric patients with cancer.

Methods

Here, we describe a multidisciplinary and sequential approach to better evaluate the complex factors affecting the lack of appropriate diagnosis of pediatric cancer in Western Kenya.

Results

Internal review at a large tertiary hospital noted 200–250 patients were diagnosed annually, suggesting the remaining 75%–80% of patients go undiagnosed and do not receive treatment. Following our screening process at a local referring hospital, 41 malaria slides demonstrated both morphologic and genetic evidence of leukemia. Knowledge assessments of local providers at referring institutions suggested a lack of education and training as the factors that contribute to lower rates of diagnosis.

Discussion

Through a multi‐step approach, our teams were better able to isolate potential issues impeding the appropriate and timely diagnosis of pediatric cancer in Kenya.
Peri‐treatment adverse events of primary mediastinal non‐seminomatous germ cell tumors
Authors: Chen Rong‐Long , Liu Chia‐Chuan , Ip Peng Peng , Fang Li‐Hua , Shih Li‐Sun , Chen Liuh‐Yow
Published: May 2022

Primary mediastinal non‐seminomatous germ cell tumors (PMNSGCT) are rare but life‐threatening thoracic cancers. We report our experience from eight patients with peri‐treatment adverse events. By analyzing changes in tumor extent, serum tumor markers, and pathologies between diagnosis and transfer, those events could be attributed to postbiopsy respiratory insufficiency, growing teratoma syndrome, secondary histiocytic malignancy, and PMNSGCT progression. Subjecting patients to respiratory therapy, conventional or high‐dose chemotherapy, and surgery controlled the disease, with five of the eight patients surviving disease free. These outcomes indicate that integrated appropriate and timely approaches are important in tackling peri‐treatment adverse events.
Effect of chemical treatment and fiber loading on various properties of Bauhinia vahlii bast fibers/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites for automotive body parts
Authors: Sahu Sibakanta , Sahu Saipad Bhakta Bhagabati Prasanna J. , Nayak Subhakanta , Roul Manmatha Kumar , Khuntia Sujit Kumar
Published: May 2022

Currently, automobile industries are paying more attention on fabricating light weight materials for making vehicle body parts. So lots of research work is been carried out on natural fibers owing to their light weight and eco‐friendly nature. In this current research, composites were fabricated by reinforcing treated Bauhinia vahlii bast fiber (BV) fibers with Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic polymer for making light weight automobile parts. Various properties like static and dynamic mechanical properties, thermal as well as morphological properties were studied. To get a better compatibility with ABS matrix, surfaces of fibers were treated with various chemicals. An enhancement in mechanical properties was noticed with the increase in treated BV fiber loading till optimum (23 wt%) thereafter declines. The highest mechanical properties obtained at optimum fiber loading was recorded as 68.94 MPa of tensile strength, 7.02 GPa of young's modulus, 95.27 MPa of flexural strength and 33.25 kJ/m2 of impact strength. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for analysis. Overall, the results show that reinforcing ABS matrix with BV filler improves the characteristics of the manufactured composite materials effectively. It was found that composites fabricated from 23 wt% fiber content shows superior static and dynamic mechanical properties as well as thermal properties as compared with other fabricated composites and can be used for making lightweight automobile parts.
Comparative analysis of hexamethyldisiloxane and hexamethyldisilazane plasma polymer thin films before and after plasma oxidation
Authors: Xie Xiaofan , de los Arcos Teresa , Grundmeier Guido
Published: May 2022

The presented study compares the structure of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDSN) plasma polymer thin films with a thickness of about 30 nm before and after a plasma oxidation process, focusing on the analysis of porosity and the correlated electrolyte up‐take in the formed films. The results illustrate that the plasma oxidation treatment converts the HMDSO and HMDSN plasma polymer films progressively into SiOx‐like films. However, the underlying mechanism of the etching of CxHy groups and the condensation of intermediate Si‐OH groups leads to highly porous films. The studies show that the differences in the chemical structure and nanoporosity as measured by spectroscopic techniques could be correlated with the resulting up‐take of electrolytes in the open pores of the films.
Selective Hydrogenation of Aromatic Nitro Compounds Using Unsupported Nickel Catalysts
Authors: Negrete‐Vergara Camila , Álvarez‐Alcalde Damián , Moya Sergio A. , Paredes‐García Verónica , Fuentes Sandra , Venegas‐Yazigi Diego
Published: May 2022

Hydrogenation of nitroarenes has attracted renewed attention since it was discovered that non‐noble metal catalysts could selectively reduce nitroarenes with sensitive reducible groups. Here, we report the results of the chemoselective catalytic hydrogenation of nitroarenes with unsupported Ni NPs. Initial catalytic assessments showed high activity and selectivity, reaching conversions up to 99 % and 100 % selectivity towards the substituted anilines containing reducible groups such as halogens and nitrile. The recyclability test showed impressive stability of the catalyst up to the fifth run for the target product. Preliminary studies on the catalytic mechanism of the Ni NPs indicate that the nitrosobenzene might not participate as an intermediate in this reaction. Instead, a hydroxylamino adsorbed on the Ni surface is proposed. This work displays an accessible approach for synthesizing an active and selective catalyst for reducing nitroarenes in the presence of facile reducible substituents.
Designing of Birnessite/Polyaniline Composite for Improving Cyclability as Cathode Material for Zinc Ion Batteries Based on Insights into the Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Bai Xiaojie , Zhang Huaxu , Liu Hao , Liao Libing
Published: May 2022

Aqueous Zn/MnO2 batteries (ZIBs) have high application value and development prospects in large‐scale energy storage. However, the cyclability of MnO2 is poor and its reaction mechanism is still controversy. Here, we revealed the zinc storage mechanism was Zn2+/H+ intercalation and conversion mechanism rather than Zn2+ and H+ co‐insertion reaction mechanism of birnessite (δ‐MnO2) electrode, and cycle fading was mainly caused by bad reversibility of ZnMn3O7 ⋅ 2H2O which was formed during conversion reactions by combining with X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy analyses and so on. On this basis, appropriate polyaniline (PANI) was intercalated to the layer of δ‐MnO2 to stabilize its structure. The composite electrode exhibited higher capacity of 105 mAh/g after 250 cycles at 1 C rate, while δ‐MnO2 electrode had capacity of 86 mAh/g at same condition. Therefore, PANI intercalation can improve the cycle performance of the ZIBs to some extent. This work is believed to provide new strategy for further research on MnO2 cathode in ZIBs.
More than “Good Job!”: The Critical Role of Teacher Feedback in Classroom Discourse and Language Development
Authors: Wasik Barbara A. , Farrow JeanMarie , Hindman Annemarie H.
Published: May 2022

Conversations between an adult and a child are effective ways to promote language and vocabulary development in young children. Considerable attention has been paid to teachers asking open‐ended questions to promote conversations. However, the feedback that follows the question is also an important part of promoting back‐and‐forth dialogue, and less attention has been paid to this aspect of an exchange. Teachers' feedback uniquely encourages conversations beyond one back‐and‐forth turn, essential for promoting rich adult–child language interactions. This paper discusses the role of teacher feedback in extending conversations that encourage children to use language in meaningful ways. We review the research findings on teacher feedback and offer evidenced‐based, practical suggestions on providing feedback, meant to support teachers and children as they engage in conversations. Asking open‐ended questions is one part of meaningful conversations; feedback extends the conversation and supports children's language development.
Evaluation of factors associated with surgical site infection in equine proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis: 54 cases (2010–2019)
Authors: Daniels Alyssa , Pezzanite Lynn M. , Griffenhagen Gregg M. , Hendrickson Dean A.
Published: May 2022

Background

The frequency of surgical site infection (SSI) following orthopaedic implant placement in horses has been reported but not compared with respect to specific antibiotic protocols administered.

Objectives

To determine factors associated with SSI in horses undergoing proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) arthrodesis including perioperative antibiotic protocols.

Methods

Records were evaluated (2010–2019), and horses undergoing PIPJ arthrodesis were identified. Patient signalment, supervising surgeon, reason for surgery, limb, implants placed, anaesthetic time, duration casting/coaptation postoperatively, antibiotic regimen and incidence/onset SSI were recorded. Bayesian and frequentist logistic regressions were used to estimate the contribution of covariates to infection occurrence.

Results

Fifty‐four PIPJ arthrodeses were performed. SSI occurred in 2/54 (3.7%) on day 15,30. Arthrodesis was performed most commonly for osteoarthritis (33/54, 61.1%), fracture (11/54, 20.4%), and subluxation (5/54, 9.3%). Perioperative systemic antibiotics were administered 1–3 days (15/54, 27.8%) or > 3 days (39/54, 72.2%). Antibiotic protocols included cefazolin/gentamicin (20/54, 37%), cefazolin/gentamicin/doxycycline (14/54, 25.9%) and potassium penicillin/gentamicin (10/54, 18.5%). Regional limb perfusion was performed preoperatively 31/54 (57.4%) and postoperatively 7/54 (13%). Survival to dismissal was 98.1% (53/54 horses) with one horse euthanized due to support limb laminitis. No association was identified between antibiotic selection or duration (1–3 vs. > 3 days), pre‐operative regional antibiotic perfusion, intraoperative antibiotic lavage or anaesthetic time (< or > 3 h) and SSI; however, modelling was complicated by quasi‐complete or complete separation of the data. Bayesian analysis (but not frequentist analysis) indicated an association between post‐operative regional antibiotic perfusion and SSI. Limitations include the retrospective nature of data collection and the low rate of infection overall.

Conclusions

The prevalence of SSI in this population was lower than that in previous reports of equine orthopaedic internal fixation. There was no difference in SSI rate in cases administered systemic antibiotics for 1–3 days or >3 days, or for those horses that did or did not receive preoperative regional antibiotic perfusion.
Simultaneous pyometra and pregnancy in a female dog
Authors: Amanollahi Shiva , Mirshahi Ali , Kazemi Mehrjerdi Hossein
Published: May 2022

One of the causes of pregnancy loss is pyometra, defined as an accumulation of purulent material in the uterine lumen. A 1‐year‐old, female Shih‐Tzu with a history of mating and no additional significant medical history, was presented with anorexia, pyrexia and vomiting for 4 days of duration. The female dog was clinically ill with abnormal laboratory findings. Transabdominal ultrasound revealed an embryo and gestational sac in the left uterine horn and large collection of hypoechoic fluid with echogenic particles in the right uterine horn. Based on these findings, a suspected diagnosis of pyometra or mucometra with pregnancy was made. Due to the severity of the animal's condition and the high risk of death, ovariohysterectomy was immediately recommended. After surgery, the existence of pyometra and gestational sac were confirmed by opening the right and left uterine horns. According to the rare occurrence of this condition, we reported this case.
Investigation of Marangoni bio‐thermal convection in layers of nanofluid with gyrotactic microorganisms
Authors: Khayyat Latifa Ishaq , Abdullah Abdullah Ahmad
Published: May 2022

Marangoni bio‐thermal convection in a layer of nanofluid with gyrotactic microorganisms is investigated. The motion of the nanoparticles is characterized by the effects of thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion. The lower boundary of the nanofluid layer is assumed to be a rigid surface at constant temperature and the upper boundary is assumed to be a non‐deformable free surface. The stability of the layer is analysed numerically using a Chebyshev spectral method. Two types of nanofluids are studied, namely distilled water/alumina and distilled water/cupric oxide. The physical properties of these nanofluids are modelled by constitutive expressions developed by Hamilton and Crosser, Brinkman and Khanafer and Vafai. Stability boundaries are obtained for appropriate values of the parameters of the problem. The critical eigenvalues are complex‐valued, which indicates that the onset of instability is via an oscillatory mode.
Resilienz durch Unternehmenskultur
Authors: Perucca Adrienne , Schellinger Jochen
Published: May 2022

Wird Korruption aufgedeckt, kann dies für Unternehmen starke Reputationseinbußen mit sich bringen und zu gravierenden Kosten führen. Die Korruptionsprävention reduziert diese Risiken deutlich und trägt damit zur Stärkung der unternehmerischen Resilienz bei. Anhand eines integrierten Modells zur Krisenvermeidung wird aufgezeigt, wie Korruptionsrisiken vermindert werden können und wie in Reputationskrisen Schadensbegrenzungen möglich sind. Das entwickelte Modell hebt auf die Relevanz der Unternehmenskultur ab und zeigt vermutete Wirkungszusammenhänge im Krisenkontext auf. Die modellbasierte qualitative Befragung Schweizer Expertinnen und Experten aus der Praxis deutet auf eine hohe Bedeutung der Unternehmenskultur und -kommunikation für die Korruptionsprävention und die Sicherung der Unternehmensreputation hin, vor, aber auch nach Eintritt eines Korruptionsfalls. Eine in der Unternehmenskultur verankerte Korruptionsprävention erhöht damit die Resilienz und trägt zur Complianceförderung im Unternehmen bei.
Resilienz durch soziale Innovation: Erfolgsfaktoren und Barrieren von sozialen Innovationen in der Stadtregion Bern
Authors: Steiner Lukas , Landolf Marc Alexander , Kissling-Näf Ingrid , Hietschold Nadine
Published: May 2022

Soziale Innovationen, definiert als neue Lösungen für soziale Probleme, können zur Resilienz einer Gesellschaft beitragen. Damit deren Potenzial genutzt werden kann, gilt es jedoch, die Erfolgsfaktoren und Barrieren bei der Umsetzung von sozialen Innovationen zu verstehen. Dieser Beitrag untersucht deshalb im Rahmen einer Interviewstudie die Erfolgsfaktoren und Barrieren für soziale Innovationen im Raum Bern und stellt heraus, wie konkret zur Förderung von sozialen Innovationen beigetragen werden kann.
Resilienz durch kontinuierliche Prozessoptimierung
Authors: von Burg Roman , Tokarski Kim Oliver
Published: May 2022

Durch die Digitalisierung und digitale Transformation finden vermehrt Maschinen, physische Roboter und Softwareroboter Einzug in die Arbeitswelt. Dies führt auch zu einer Erhöhung der organisatorischen Resilienz im Zusammenhang mit Unternehmensprozessen. Speziell im Bereich Kaizen, wo der Mensch stets im Mittelpunkt steht, wird sich diese Thematik herausfordernd gestalten. Neben der technischen Machbarkeit stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit Digitalisierung und Automatisierung in der Kaizen-Philosophie Platz finden. Die Ergebnisse der empirischen Untersuchung zeigen, dass die digitale Anwendung der aktuell eingesetzten Tools und Methoden der Kaizen-Beratung limitiert ist. Daneben beeinträchtigt das fehlende Know-how der Menschen über die Funktionsweise der maschinellen Tätigkeiten die erfolgreiche Zusammenarbeit zwischen Mensch und Maschine. Für die Kaizen-Beratung wird es zukünftig gelten, die Balance zwischen kontinuierlichen kleinen Schritten und der Optimierung ganzer Prozesslandschaften zu finden.
On $\mathfrak {sl}_{2}$-Triples for Classical Algebraic Groups in Positive Characteristic
Authors: Goodwin Simon M. , Pengelly Rachel
Published: May 2022

Let $\mathbb {k}$
k
be an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 2. Let G be one of the classical algebraic groups $\text {GL}_{n}(\mathbb {k})$

GL

n

(
k
)
, $\text {SL}_{n}(\mathbb {k})$

SL

n

(
k
)
, $\text {Sp}_{n}(\mathbb {k})$

Sp

n

(
k
)
, $\mathrm {O}_{n}(\mathbb {k})$

O

n

(
k
)
or $\text {SO}_{n}(\mathbb {k})$

SO

n

(
k
)
, and let $\mathfrak {g} = \operatorname {Lie} G$
g
=
Lie
G
. We determine the maximal G-stable closed subvariety $\mathcal {V}$
V
of the nilpotent cone $\mathcal {N}$
N
of $\mathfrak {g}$
g
such that the G-orbits in $\mathcal {V}$
V
are in bijection with the G-orbits of $\mathfrak {sl}_{2}$

s
l

2

-triples (e, h, f) with $e,f \in \mathcal {V}$
e
,
f
∈
V
. This result determines to what extent the theorems of Jacobson–Morozov and Kostant on $\mathfrak {sl}_{2}$

s
l

2

-triples hold for classical algebraic groups over an algebraically closed field of “small” odd characteristic.
Persistence studies: a new kind of economic history?
Authors: Cioni Martina , Federico Giovanni , Vasta Michelangelo
Published: May 2022

Since the early years of the 21st century, economists have started to look for the historical roots of current economic outcomes. In this article, we deal with this new approach (called persistence studies), as represented by the 75 articles published in ten leading economics journals since 2001. We outline the key features (issues, period, geographical area of interest, etc.) of these articles and we discuss their citational record, in comparison with the (much more numerous) economic history articles in the same journals. We also explore the affiliation and training of the 121 authors of persistence studies, highlighting the role of some Boston institutions as the cradle of the new approach.
The biological feasibility and social context of gene-edited, caffeine-free coffee
Authors: Leibrock Nils V. , Santegoets Joris , Mooijman Paul J. W. , Yusuf Filemon , Zuijdgeest Xander C. L. , Zutt Esmée A. , Jacobs Josette G. M. , Schaart Jan G.
Published: May 2022

Coffee, especially the species Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora, is one of the world’s most consumed beverages. The consumer demand for caffeine-free coffee is currently being met through chemical decaffeination processes. However, this method leads to loss of beverage quality. In this review, the feasibility of using gene editing to produce caffeine-free coffee plants is reviewed. The genes XMT (7-methylxanthosine methyltransferase) and DXMT (3,7-dimethylxanthine methyltransferase) were identified as candidate target genes for knocking out caffeine production in coffee plants. The possible effect of the knock-out of the candidate genes was assessed. Using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated introduction of the CRISPR-Cas system to Knock out XMT or DXMT would lead to blocking caffeine biosynthesis. The use of CRISPR-Cas to genetically edit consumer products is not yet widely accepted, which may lead to societal hurdles for introducing gene-edited caffeine-free coffee cultivars onto the market. However, increased acceptance of CRISPR-Cas/gene editing on products with a clear benefit for consumers offers better prospects for gene editing efforts for caffeine-free coffee.
The barriers and facilitators to satisfaction with botulinum neurotoxin treatment in people with cervical dystonia: a systematic review
Authors: Boyce Melani J. , McCambridge Alana B. , Bradnam Lynley V. , Canning Colleen G. , Verhagen Arianne P.
Published: May 2022

Background

Cervical dystonia (CD) is an isolated, focal, idiopathic dystonia affecting the neck and upper back. CD is usually treated by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections into the dystonic muscles; however, about 20% of people will discontinue BoNT therapy. This systematic review aimed to determine the barriers to satisfaction and facilitators that could improve satisfaction with BoNT therapy for people with CD.

Methods

A database search for journal articles investigating satisfaction with BoNT treatment in CD identified seven qualitative studies and one randomised controlled trial. Results were grouped into “direct” and “indirect” barriers and facilitators.

Results

The most reported direct barrier to satisfaction with BoNT was treatment non-response, reported by up to 66% of participants. Other direct barriers included negative side effects, early wearing-off of treatment effect and inexperience of the treating physician. Indirect barriers included limited accessibility to treatment (including cost) and personal choice. Direct facilitators of satisfaction with BoNT included relief of symptoms and flexible re-treatment intervals. Indirect facilitators included easy accessibility to treatment.

Conclusions

Despite BoNT having a discontinuation rate of only 20%, it appears a much greater proportion of people with CD are dissatisfied with this treatment. As BoNT is currently the main treatment offered to people with CD, efforts to improve treatment response rates, reduce side effects and make treatment more flexible and readily available should be adopted to improve the quality of life for people with CD.
Does the inclusion of societal costs change the economic evaluations recommendations? A systematic review for multiple sclerosis disease
Authors: Rodríguez-Sánchez B. , Daugbjerg S. , Peña-Longobardo L. M. , Oliva-Moreno J. , Aranda-Reneo I. , Cicchetti A. , López-Bastida J.
Published: May 2022

Background

Multiple sclerosis imposes a heavy burden on the person who suffers from it and on the relatives, due to the caregiving load involved. The objective was to analyse whether the inclusion of social costs in economic evaluations of multiple sclerosis-related interventions changed results and/or conclusions.

Methods

A systematic review was launched using Medline and the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry of Tufts University (2000–2019). Included studies should: (1) be an original study published in a scientific journal, (2) be an economic evaluation of any multiple sclerosis-related intervention, (3) include productivity losses and/or informal care costs (social costs), (4) be written in English, (5) use quality-adjusted life years as outcome, and (6) separate the results according to the perspective applied.

Results

Twenty-nine articles were selected, resulting in 67 economic evaluation estimations. Social costs were included in 47% of the studies. Productivity losses were assessed in 90% of the estimations (the human capital approach was the most frequently used method), whereas informal care costs were included in nearly two-thirds of the estimations (applying the opportunity and the replacement-cost methods equally). The inclusion of social costs modified the figures for incremental costs in 15 estimations, leading to a change in the conclusions in 10 estimations, 6 of them changing from not recommended from the healthcare perspective to implemented from the societal perspective. The inclusion of social costs also altered the results from cost-effective to dominant in five additional estimations.

Conclusions

The inclusion of social costs affected the results/conclusions in multiple sclerosis-related interventions, helping to identify the most appropriate interventions for reducing its economic burden from a broader perspective.