bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fused Indacene Dimers
Authors: Xu Tingting , Hou Xudong , Han Yi , Wei Haipeng , Li Zhengtao , Chi Chunyan
Published: June 2023

Polycyclic hydrocarbons consisting of two or more directly fused antiaromatic subunits are rare due to their high reactivity. However, it is important to understand how the interactions between the antiaromatic subunits influence the electronic properties of the fused structure. Herein, we present the synthesis of two fused indacene dimer isomers: s‐indaceno[2,1‐a]‐s‐indacene (s‐ID) and as‐indaceno[3,2‐b]‐as‐indacene (as‐ID), containing two fused antiaromatic s‐indacene or as‐indacene units, respectively. Their structures were confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. 1H NMR/ESR measurements and DFT calculations revealed that both s‐ID and as‐ID have an open‐shell singlet ground state. However, while localized antiaromaticity was observed in s‐ID, as‐ID showed weak global aromaticity. Moreover, as‐ID exhibited a larger diradical character and a smaller singlet‐triplet gap than s‐ID. All the differences can be attributed to their distinct quinoidal substructures.
Z‐scheme ZnSnO3/Bi2WO6 with synergistic polarized electric field for efficient removal of diclofenac
Authors: Li Nan , Fu Wenhua , Sun Guifang , Shi Minghao , Wu Mianmian , Shen Wenjing , Li Qingfei , Ma Jiangquan
Published: June 2023

The built‐in electric field induced by piezoelectric effect for suppressing the electron–hole recombination has gained substantial attention recently. In this study, a novel Z‐scheme ZnSnO3/Bi2WO6 (ZSO/BWO) piezo‐photocatalyst with synergistic polarized electric field was synthesized by a simple impregnation method. The optimized 1% ZSO/BWO shows high piezo‐photodegradation efficiency (99.9%, 60 min) and mineralization (42%, 60 min) of diclofenac (DCF) under the synergistic action of ultrasound and light, far exceeding that under sole ultrasound or illumination. The remarkable enhanced piezo‐photocatalytic activity of ZSO/BWO composite was attributed to the increased absorption, improved charge transfer, Z‐scheme heterojunction, and tight surface contact between ZSO and BWO. Moreover, the Z‐scheme mechanism of ZSO/BWO composites is studied in depth and confirmed by the free radical capture experiment and electron spin resonance technology. In addition, the corresponding intermediates of DCF degradation and the possible degradation pathways that were proposed on ZSO/BWO composites were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and DFT. This work offers an efficient approach for constructing and preparing the highly efficient piezo‐photocatalysts for converting solar and mechanical vibration energies.
Synthesis of a new Cd (II) complex as ionophores and its application in construction of a highly selective and sensitive cadmium (II) sensor in petroleum water samples
Authors: Mohammed Mahdi A. , Fetoh Ahmed , Youssef Magdy M. , Abu El‐Reash Gaber M. , El‐Reash Y. G. Abou , Ali Tamer Awad
Published: June 2023

The measurement of Cd (II) ions in various matrices requires the development of sensors that are selective, sensitive, and simple to produce. The cadmium complex of a ligand prepared by the reaction of 2‐pyridinecarbohydrazide with sodium 3‐formyl‐4‐hydroxybenzenesulfonate, [Cd (NaPH)(H2O)].H2O, was synthesized, analyzed by elemental analysis, and structurally elucidated using various spectroscopic techniques. The infrared spectrum of Cd (II) complex suggests a bi‐negative tri‐dentate ONO behavior for the ligand via deprotonated form of both the enolic oxygen atom (C‐O−) and the hydroxyl group of phenolic ring in addition to the azomethine group. The thermal behavior of this complex was revealed using TGA analysis. Applying Coast–Redfern and Horowitz–Metzger equations, we were able to calculate the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters to support the proposed fragmentation experiment for the Cd (II) complex. Cyclic voltammetry measurement was measured to estimate the electrochemical behavior of the Cd (II) ions as well as the impact of adding various NaH2PH ligand concentrations. The biological applications of [Cd (NaPH)(H2O)].H2O complex were assessed as antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial. Based on the Cd (II) complex, we were able to modify Cd (II) ions carbon paste electrode (modified carbon paste electrode, MCPE) as a Cd (II) selective modifier. The created electrode displays a Nernstian slope in the linear range of 0.0001 to 10 mmol/L of 29.16 ± 0.03 mV decade−1, a quick reaction time of 6 s, and pH independence from 3–7. The suggested MCPE demonstrated strong selectivity to Cd (II) ions relative to many other cations and displayed negligible change in the slope or operating range if the experiment was achieved in a partially non‐aqueous solution. This fabricated MCPE was used to determine Cd (II) ions in diverse water samples.
Biodegradable waterborne polyurethane‐urea dispersion adhesives with high biocontent
Authors: Patel Amal , Rajput Bhausaheb S. , Hai Thien An Phung , Zhen Daniel , Gunawan Natasha R. , Tessman Marissa , Reindel Jaysen , Shepherd Jenna , Simkovsky Ryan , Pomeroy Robert S. , Pourahmady Naser , Mayfield Stephen P. , Burkart Michael D.
Published: June 2023

Non‐biodegradable petroleum‐based plastic wastes have become a leading environmental concern, and new efforts are underway to prepare biobased and biodegradable replacements. We have explored the preparation of adhesives suitable for use in consumer products, and here we report the development of waterborne, biodegradable adhesives from biobased monomers resulting in adhesives exceeding 70% biocontent. Using water as the polymer medium, viscosity challenges and the use of volatile organic solvents are avoided. Material properties of the polyurethane dispersions, resulting films, and laminates produced showed Mw ranging between 56,000 and 124,000. Lastly, the biodegradability of films and laminates was evaluated. The resulting metrics indicate that the adhesives produced meet the desired mechanical and biodegradability targets, indicating that high renewability content solvent‐free polyurethane dispersions are a viable solution for lamination adhesives.
A Piperazine Linked Rhodamine‐BODIPY FRET‐based Fluorescent Sensor for Highly Selective Pd2+ and Biothiol Detection
Authors: Tang Fung‐Kit , Chen Yanyan , Nnaemaka Tritton Daniel , Cai Zongwei , Cham‐Fai Leung Ken
Published: June 2023

A class of rhodamine‐based fluorescent sensors for the selective and sensitive detection of Pd2+ metal ions in aqueous media has been developed. A rhodamine‐based sensor PMS and a rhodamine‐BODIPY Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐pair sensor PRS have been incorporated with a piperazine linker and an O−N−S−N podand ligand for specific recognition of Pd2+ ion. Both probes displayed colorimetric and fluorescent ratiometric changes when exposed to Pd2+, due to their spirolactam rings opening and restoring rhodamine conjugation. PRS is highly selective to Pd2+ over 22 other metal ions, showing a 0.6‐fold ratiometric difference at I600nm/I515nm. Additionally, the lactam ring in Pd2+ coordinated PRS‐Pd could be switched back to the closed form in the presence of various thiols, providing a “red‐green traffic light” detection mechanism between red and green emission. Furthermore, PRS showed excellent cell viability and was successfully employed to image Pd2+ and the PRS‐Pd complex ensemble could interchangeably detect biothiols including glutathione (GSH) in A549 human lung cancer cells.
PCNL in neurogenic bladder: A challenging population for both clinical management and analysis
Authors: Heijkoop Bridget , Chislett Bodie , Perera Marlon , Esler Stephen , Bolton Damien , Webb David Rowan
Published: June 2023

Objectives

To review the management of patients with neurogenic bladder undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) at our institution with the aim of assessing peri‐operative morbidity.

Subjects/patients and methods

We conducted a retrospective review of all neurogenic bladder patients who underwent PCNL at our hospital in the last decade with the aim of assessing peri‐operative morbidity.

Results

A total of 298 PCNL were performed during the study period of which 58 were in patients with a neurogenic bladder or urinary diversion, 33 of which were in SCI patients. Preoperative demographic and stone characteristics, intraoperative data and postoperative length of stay and complications are summarised in table form.

Conclusion

PCNL remains an acceptably safe and efficacious treatment for upper tract stone disease in patients with neurogenic bladders and will continue to have a valuable role where SCI prevents alternative approaches such as ureteroscopy.
Surgical outcomes following encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis in moyamoya disease associated with hyperhomocysteinemia
Authors: Gao Gan , Hao Fang‐bin , Wang Qian‐Nan , Wang Xiao‐Peng , Liu Si‐meng , Wang Min‐jie , Guo Qing‐bao , Li Jing‐jie , Bao Xiang‐Yang , Han Cong , Duan Lian
Published: June 2023

Introduction

This study investigated the effect of indirect revascularization surgery in adult patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) complicated with hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), and the effect of HHcy on the progression of adult MMD.

Methods

A retrospective case‐control study was conducted in patients with MMD, with or without HHcy (n = 123). Postoperative collateral angiogenesis was evaluated using the Matsushima grading system and disease progression using the Suzuki staging system. Cerebral blood flow was evaluated before and after surgery using dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC‐MRI) and neurological function prognosis using the improved Rankin score (mRS). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors for the clinical outcomes.

Results

There was no significant difference in the Suzuki stage composition ratios between the HHcy group and the non‐HHcy group before and after surgery. Non‐HHcy patients were more likely to grow new collateral circulating vessels after encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS). Moreover, postoperative DSC‐MRI indicated that the time to peak significantly improved.

Conclusions

HHcy level may be a specific predictor of adverse clinical outcomes after EDAS in patients with MMD and a risk factor for poor collateral circulation and poor prognosis. Patients with MMD complicated with HHcy need to strictly control homocysteine levels before EDAS surgery.
USP51/PD‐L1/ITGB1‐deployed juxtacrine interaction plays a cell‐intrinsic role in promoting chemoresistant phenotypes in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Jianjun , Xiao Xuechun , Ou Yang , Cao Lixia , Guo Min , Qi Chunchun , Wang Zhaoyang , Liu Yuxin , Shuai Qiuying , Wang Hang , Sun Peiqing , Shi Yi , Yang Guang , Yang Shuang
Published: June 2023

Background

Programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) has been demonstrated to facilitate tumor progression and therapeutic resistance in an immune‐independent manner. Nevertheless, the function and underlying signaling network(s) of cancer cell‐intrinsic PD‐L1 action remain largely unknown. Herein, we sought to better understand how ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 51 (USP51)/PD‐L1/integrin beta‐1 (ITGB1) signaling performs a cell‐intrinsic role in mediating chemotherapeutic resistance in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

Western blotting and flow cytometry were employed for PD‐L1 detection in NSCLC cell lines. Coimmunoprecipitation and pulldown analyses, protein deubiquitination assay, tissue microarray, bioinformatic analysis and molecular biology methods were then used to determine the significance of PD‐L1 in NSCLC chemoresistance and associated signaling pathways in several different cell lines, mouse models and patient tissue samples. Ubiquitin‐7‐amido‐4‐methylcoumarin (Ub‐AMC)‐based deubiquitinase activity, cellular thermal shift and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analyses were performed to investigate the activity of USP51 inhibitors.

Results

We provided evidence that cancer cell‐intrinsic PD‐L1 conferred the development of chemoresistance by directly binding to its membrane‐bound receptor ITGB1 in NSCLC. At the molecular level, PD‐L1/ITGB1 interaction subsequently activated the nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) axis to elicit poor response to chemotherapy. We further determined USP51 as a bona fide deubiquitinase that targeted the deubiquitination and stabilization of the PD‐L1 protein in chemoresistant NSCLC cells. Clinically, we found a significant direct relationship between the USP51, PD‐L1 and ITGB1 contents in NSCLC patients with chemoresistant potency. The elevated USP51, PD‐L1 and ITGB1 levels were strongly associated with worse patient prognosis. Of note, we identified that a flavonoid compound dihydromyricetin (DHM) acted as a potential USP51 inhibitor and rendered NSCLC cells more sensitive to chemotherapy by targeting USP51‐dependent PD‐L1 ubiquitination and degradation in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions

Together, our results demonstrated that the USP51/PD‐L1/ITGB1 network potentially contributes to the malignant progression and therapeutic resistance in NSCLC. This knowledge is beneficial to the future design of advanced cancer therapy.
Molecular typing and mutational characterization of rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Duan Xiaoling , Zhao Man , Yin Xiaolei , Mi Lili , Shi Jianfei , Li Ning , Han Xin , Han Guangjie , Wang Jinfeng , Hou Jiaojiao , Yin Fei
Published: June 2023

Background

Rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rare neoplasms with limited understanding of its genomic alterations and molecular typing.

Methods

The paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens of 38 patients with rectal NENs after surgery were subjected to whole gene sequencing (WGS), and mutation profilings were drawn to identify high‐frequency mutation genes, copy‐number variations (CNVs), tumor mutation burden (TMB), signal pathways, mutation signatures, DNA damage repair (DDR) genes, and molecular types. The differences of mutated genes and signaling pathways in different pathological grades and metastatic/non‐metastatic groups were compared. It helped to search for potential targets.

Results

C > T and T > C transitions are the most common base substitutions in rectal NENs. DNA mismatch repair deficiency, DNA base modifications, smoking and exposure to ultraviolet light might play a role in the occurrence of rectal NENs. DAXX, KMT2C, BCL2L1, LTK, MERTK, SPEN, PKN1, FAT3, and LRP2 mutations were found in only low‐grade rectal NETs, whereas APC, TP53, NF1, SOX9, and BRCA1 mutations were common in high‐grade rectal NECs/MiNENs. These genes helped in distinguishing poorly‐differentiated or well‐differentiated rectal NENs. Alterations in P53, Wnt and TGFβ signaling pathways were more pronounced in rectal NECs and MiNENs. Alterations in Wnt, MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways promoted metastases. Rectal NENs were classified into two molecular subtypes by cluster analysis based on the mutant genes and signaling pathways combined with clinicopathological features. Patients with mutations in the LRP2, DAXX, and PKN1 gene showed a trend of well‐differentiated and early‐stage tumors with less metastasis (p = 0.000).

Conclusions

This study evaluated risk factors for regional lymphatic and/or distant metastases, identified high‐frequency mutated genes, mutation signatures, altered signaling pathways through NGS. Rectal NENs were divided into two molecular types. This helps to evaluate the likelihood of metastasis, formulate follow‐up strategies for patients and provide a target for future research on precision treatment of rectal NENs. PARP inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, mTOR/AKT/PI3K and Wnt signaling pathway inhibitors may be effective drugs for the treatment of metastatic rectal NENs.
Flexible Self‐Powered Energy Systems Based on H2O/Ni2+ Intercalated NixV2O5 ⋅ nH2O
Authors: Zhu Zhenfu , Liang Xiaoyuan , Luo Haoyu , Wang Liying , Gao Yang , Li Xuesong , Yang Xijia , Lü Wei
Published: June 2023

The development of portable electronic devices has created greater demands for multifunctional energy integration systems. Self‐powered systems have gained widespread interest because they can collect and storage renewable environmental energy and provide stable electricity to electronic devices. Herein, we developed a flexible self‐charging energy system, involving textile‐based zinc‐ion hybrid (ZIHC) and triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which demonstrates wearable, compatibility, lightweight and can quickly harvest and store energy. NixV2O5 ⋅ nH2O (NVO) loaded on carbon cloth (CC) with Ni2+/H2O ions intercalated as the cathode was assembled with activated CC to form a ZIHC, which has a voltage range of 2.0 V and capacitance value of 267.1 mF cm−2 as well as good charge and discharge rates and excellent cycling stability. At the same time, the NVO/CC can be assembled with PDMS to form a TENG achieving a maximum instantaneous power of 18.5 mW cm−2. The device can be flexibly worn over the body to continuously harvest and store biomechanical energy and charge the electronic wristwatch successfully. This work demonstrates great convenience and promising practical applications as sustainable flexible energy system for portable electronic devices.
PtCo/MWCNTs Prepared by a Microwave‐assisted Polyol Method for Selective Cinnamaldehyde Hydrogenation
Authors: Wang Kaiying , Liu Yuzi , Wang Jee‐Ching , Liang Xinhua
Published: June 2023

Using microwave irradiation, PtCo alloy nanoparticles were deposited within a few minutes on COOH‐functionalized MWCNT supports. The obtained catalysts were used for selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde, a reaction whose products are widely used in various fields. In the selective cinnamaldehyde hydrogenation to cinnamyl alcohol, microwave‐prepared catalysts (generically, PtxCoy‐MW) outperformed a catalyst prepared by the conventional method (Pt1Co2‐con). The highest selective hydrogenation to cinnamyl alcohol, 89%, was obtained using Pt1Co2‐MW, while Pt1Co2‐con showed a selectivity of 76%. Characterization results confirmed that the microwave prepared samples had a stronger interaction between Pt and Co than that in the Pt1Co2‐con sample. The alloyed Co altered the electronic structure of Pt, leading to favorable adsorption of the C=O bond by the lone‐pair electrons of its oxygen atom. Moreover, the Pt1Co2‐MW sample showed neglectable change in catalytic performance (e. g., cinnamaldehyde conversion and selective hydrogenation to cinnamyl alcohol) during recycling experiments.
Predicting Degradation Mechanisms in Lithium Bistriflimide “Water‐In‐Salt” Electrolytes For Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Paillot Malaurie , Wong Alan , Denisov Sergey A. , Soudan Patrick , Poizot Philippe , Montigny Benedicte , Mostafavi Mehran , Gauthier Magali , Le Caër Sophie
Published: June 2023

Aqueous solutions are crucial to most domains in biology and chemistry, including in energy fields such as catalysis and batteries. Water‐in‐salt electrolytes (WISEs), which extend the stability of aqueous electrolytes in rechargeable batteries, are one example. While the hype for WISEs is huge, commercial WISE‐based rechargeable batteries are still far from reality, and there remain several fundamental knowledge gaps such as those related to their long‐term reactivity and stability. Here, we propose a comprehensive approach to accelerating the study of WISE reactivity by using radiolysis to exacerbate the degradation mechanisms of concentrated LiTFSI‐based aqueous solutions. We find that the nature of the degradation species depends strongly on the molality of the electrolye, with degradation routes driven by the water or the anion at low or high molalities, respectively. The main aging products are consistent with those observed by electrochemical cycling, yet radiolysis also reveals minor degradation species, providing a unique glimpse of the long‐term (un)stability of these electrolytes.
Accounting for central place foraging constraints in habitat selection studies
Authors: Benhamou Simon , Courbin Nicolas
Published: June 2023

Habitat selection studies contrast actual space use with the expected use under the null hypothesis of no selection (hereafter neutral use). Neutral use is most often equated to the relative frequencies with which environmental features occur. This generates a considerable bias when studying habitat selection by foragers that perform numerous trips back and forth to a central place (CP). Indeed, the increased space use close to the CP with respect to distant places reflects a mechanical effect, rather than a true selection for the closest habitats. Yet, correctly estimating habitat selection by CP foragers is of paramount importance for a better understanding of their ecology and to properly plan conservation actions. We show that including the distance to the CP as a covariate in unconditional Resource Selection Functions, as applied in several studies, is ineffective to correct for the bias. This bias can be eliminated only by contrasting the actual use to an appropriate neutral use that considers the CP forager behavior. We also show that the need to specify an appropriate neutral use overall distribution can be bypassed by relying on a conditional approach, where the neutral use is assessed locally regardless of the distance to the CP.
Recent Research Progress of Paper‐Based Supercapacitors Based on Cellulose
Authors: Xiong Chuanyin , Wang Tianxu , Han Jing , Zhang Zhao , Ni Yonghao
Published: June 2023

In recent years, paper‐based functional materials have received extensive attention in the field of energy storage due to their advantages of rich and adjustable porous network structure and good flexibility. As an important energy storage device, paper‐based supercapacitors have important application prospects in many fields and have also received extensive attention from researchers in recent years. At present, researchers have modified and regulated paper‐based materials by different means such as structural design and material composition to enhance their electrochemical storage capacity. The development of paper‐based supercapacitors provides an important direction for the development of green and sustainable energy. Therefore, it is of great significance to summarize the relevant work of paper‐based supercapacitors for their rapid development and application. In this review, the recent research progress of paper‐based supercapacitors based on cellulose was summarized in terms of various cellulose‐based composites, preparation skills, and electrochemical performance. Finally, some opinions on the problems in the development of this field and the future development trend were proposed. It is hoped that this review can provide valuable references and ideas for the rapid development of paper‐based energy storage devices.
Nile Red as a Fluorescence Marker and Antioxidant for Regenerative Fuels
Authors: Lichtinger Anne , Poller Maximilian J. , Türck Julian , Schröder Olaf , Garbe Thomas , Krahl Jürgen , Singer Anja , Jakob Markus , Albert Jakob
Published: June 2023

This article contributes to the ongoing dialogue regarding the future application of renewable e‐fuels as part of a holistic solution to the energy crisis. In order to be able to continue using internal combustion engines in a sustainable manner, it must be ensured that these engines are operated exclusively with renewable, CO2‐neutral fuels. One way to achieve this is the use of a fluorescence sensor in the vehicle in combination with fuels that are labeled with a fluorescence marker. This study presents an investigation into the use of the benzophenoxazine dye Nile red as a fluorescent marker for distinguishing fossil from renewable fuels. In addition to assessing the stability of the fluorescent marker against thermo‐oxidative aging, the study probes its antioxidative impact on fuel aging, by comparing unlabeled and with Nile red labeled aged fuels. Furthermore, an examination of fuel‐specific parameters underscores the positive effect of Nile red on fuel stability. A comparison with the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene confirms the antioxidant effect of Nile red.
Modeling, Simulation, and Experimental Analysis of a Photovoltaic and Biogas Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Electrification of Rural Community
Authors: Habib Salman , Jia Youwei , Tamoor Muhammad , Zaka Muhammad Ans , Shi Mengge , Dong Qianyu
Published: June 2023

This research is a numerical study, with simulation and experimental investigation of a novel photovoltaic and biogas hybrid renewable energy system. PVSYST simulation software is used to evaluate the energy generation of photovoltaic (PV) systems installed at optimum tilt angle and interrow spacing, as well as measure the performance ratio and system losses. The results obtained from simulations show that annual energy production from designed PV system is 16 654.80 kWh year−1and its annual specific energy production is 1556.5 kWh kWp year−1. The average annual performance ratio is about 84.3%, normalized array production is 3.23 kWh kWp day−1, normalized system losses are 0.07 kWh kWp day−1, and normalized system production is 3.16 kWh kWp day−1. With SuperPro Designer software, a model is developed for simulating anaerobic digestion for treating animal manure to produce biogas. The simulation yields 88.13% of CH4and 6.49% of CO2. The performance of the installed experimental setup is examined for 30 d. The maximum load demand of all houses is 46.902 kWh, whereas maximum energy produced by a hybrid PV/biogas system is 61.06 kWh. The payback period for a hybrid photovoltaic/biogas system is estimated to be 4.47 years and levelized cost of energy is 0.0186 USD kWh−1. The hybrid PV/biogas system results in net CO2mitigation of 20.45 tCO2(e).
Variable selection for classification and forecasting of the family firm's socioemotional wealth
Authors: Álvarez‐Díez Susana , Baixauli‐Soler J. Samuel , Belda‐Ruiz María , Sánchez‐Marín Gregorio
Published: June 2023

Socioemotional wealth (SEW) refers to those family‐centered goals that are likely to have a major influence on the strategic decision‐making process and performance of family firms. Many studies have used indirect indicators related to family involvement in ownership and management to measure SEW; meanwhile, others have developed scales to directly measure the level and importance of SEW in family firms. Limitations of both indirect and direct measures of SEW lead empirical research on SEW to be under threat. In the current study, we use random forests to identify the important indicators related to financial and economic decisions, as well as family‐related measures, for explaining the family firms' SEW and to design a good prediction model using the smallest set of nonredundant indicators. Our results show that the model that exhibits the minimum out‐of‐bag sample (OOB) error rate includes variables that refer to the presence of family members in the firm's management positions, long‐term nonfinancial debt, personnel expenditures, long‐term financial investments, short‐term financial debt, average storage period, and accounts receivables. For prediction, the model with a reasonably low estimated classification error includes only three variables, which refer to the presence of family members in the firm's management positions, long‐term nonfinancial debt, and accounts receivables.
Pricing of American Parisian option as executive option based on the least‐squares Monte Carlo approach
Authors: Zhuang Yangyang , Tang Pan
Published: June 2023

In this study, we create a novel American double‐barrier Parisian call option contract that may be utilized as an executive option for listed companies to incentivize staff and replace the classic American option. We address the option pricing problem by developing state variables to identify the price state and using the least‐squares Monte Carlo approach. We present several Lévy processes to simulate the movement path of the underlying asset. We discover that geometric Brownian motion and normal inverse Gaussian (NIG) process have successful outcomes, and NIG process has greater calculation accuracy than variance gamma process. The barrier width and window length are positively connected with the price of an American Parisian option, whereas the strike price is negatively correlated with it. Increasing the number of discrete periods of the contract will enhance the pricing accuracy.
Electrochemical Organic Synthesis in Aqueous Media
Authors: Li MengFan , Cheng Xu
Published: June 2023

Conducting electrochemical organic synthesis in/on whole water media is undoubtedly a highly green approach, which avoids the usage of organic solvents, and sometimes organic supporting electrolytes. In this review, the electrochemical organic syntheses in/on whole water environment are reviewed, especially including the reactions conducted both in organic solvent and water for comparisons. This review discussed anodic and cathodic reaction, respectively, including the C−H oxidation, hydroxylation, dehydrogenative cross coupling, functionalization of alkenes, cathodic oxidation, hydrogenation, reductive cross coupling, and so on. As the reduction of CO2, conversion biomass, and waste water disposal are frequently performed in water, and have already been reviewed recently. These topics are not included in this review.
Fabrication of molecularly imprinted resin via controlled polymerization applied in the enrichment of bisphenol A for plastic products
Authors: Wang Haiping , Wang Hongwei , Bai Qingyan , Xu Yunjia , Bo Chunmiao , Gong Bolin
Published: June 2023

The addition of bisphenol A has been frequently used in industrial manufacturing because it imparts plastic products with characteristics such as transparency, durability, and excellent impact resistance. However, its widespread use raises concerns about potential leakage into the surrounding environment, which poses a significant risk to human health. In this study, molecularly imprinted polymers with specific recognition of bisphenol A were synthesized through surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization using poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) as the substrate, bisphenol A as the template molecule, 4‐vinylpyridine as the monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross‐linker. The bisphenol A adsorption capacity was experimentally investigated, and the kinetic analysis of the molecularly imprinted polymers produced an adsorption equilibrium time of 25 min, which is consistent with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The results of the static adsorption experiments exhibited consistency with the Langmuir adsorption model, revealing a maximum adsorption capacity of 387.2 μmol/g. The analysis of molecularly imprinted polymers‐enriched actual samples using high‐performance liquid chromatography demonstrated excellent selectivity for bisphenol A, with a linear range showing 93.4%–99.7% recovery and 1.1%–6.4% relative standard deviation, demonstrating its high potential for practical bisphenol A detection and enrichment applications.
Ground‐state solutions of Schrödinger‐type equation with magnetic field
Authors: Li Fuyi , Zhang Cui , Liang Zhanping
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the nonlinear Schrödinger‐type equation

is considered in the presence of magnetic field, where
,
,
denotes the Riesz potential,
is a positive potential for some
,
is a nonnegative potential for some
, and
is assumed to be asymptotically linear at infinity. Under suitable assumptions regarding
,
,
, and
, variational methods are used to establish the existence of ground‐state solutions of the above equation for sufficiently small values of the parameter
.
The role of procedural justice and risk preference‐based mechanisms in acceptance of public policy
Authors: Xuan‐na Wu , Mengzhen Tang , Xue Wu
Published: June 2023

The current study examines the relationship between procedural justice and acceptance of public policy, the mediating effect of uncertainty as well as the moderating effect of risk preference in this relationship. Study 1 conducted a questionnaire survey on 154 residents from Beijing. The results showed that risk preference moderated the effect of procedural justice on acceptance of public policy. Accordingly, Study 2 conducted a scenario experiment on 136 college students from Beijing to examine the mediating role of uncertainty, while retesting the moderating mechanism of risk preference in more detail. Results showed that risk preference significantly moderated the effect of procedural justice on acceptance of public policy. Specifically, uncertainty was more negatively associated with acceptance of public policy among the risk‐averse individuals than risk‐seeking individuals. Risk preference indirectly moderated the relationship between procedural justice and acceptance of public policy by moderating the relationship between uncertainty and acceptance of public policy.
Unveiling Interfacial Effects for Efficient and Stable Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Ruthenium Nanoparticles‐Embedded Pentlandite Composites
Authors: Zhang Chenxu , Cui Yanan , Jiang Chao , Li Yaxin , Meng Zeshuo , Wang Chong , Du Zhengyan , Yu Shansheng , Tian Hongwei , Zheng Weitao
Published: June 2023

Heterogenous catalysis is important for future clean and sustainable energy systems. However, an urgent need to promote the development of efficient and stable hydrogen evolution catalysts still exists. In this study, ruthenium nanoparticles (Ru NPs) are in situ grown on Fe5Ni4S8 support (Ru/FNS) by replacement growth strategy. An efficient Ru/FNS electrocatalyst with enhanced interfacial effect is then developed and successfully applied for pH‐universal hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The Fe vacancies formed by FNS during the electrochemical process are found to be conducive to the introduction and firm anchoring of Ru atoms. Compared to Pt atoms, Ru atoms get easily aggregated and then grow rapidly to form NPs. This induces more bonding between Ru NPs and FNS, preventing the fall‐off of Ru NPs and maintaining the structural stability of FNS. Moreover, the interaction between FNS and Ru NPs can adjust the d‐band center of Ru NPs, as well as balance the hydrolytic dissociation energy and hydrogen binding energy. Consequently, the as‐prepared Ru/FNS electrocatalyst exhibits excellent HER activity and improved cycle stability under pH‐universal conditions. The developed pentlandite‐based electrocatalysts with low cost, high activity, and good stability are promising candidates for future applications in water electrolysis.
Porous Mo3P/Mo Nanorods as Efficient Mott‐Schottky Cathode Catalysts for Low Polarization Li‐CO2 Battery
Authors: Wu Chunhui , Qi Guicai , Zhang Junxiang , Cheng Jianli , Wang Bin
Published: June 2023

Li‐CO2 battery with high energy density has aroused great interest recently, large‐scale applications are hindered by the limited cathode catalysis performance and execrably cycle performance. Herein, Mo3P/Mo Mott‐Schottky heterojunction nanorod electrocatalyst with abundant porous structure is fabricated and served as cathodes for Li‐CO2 batteries. The Mo3P/Mo cathodes exhibit ultra‐high discharge specific capacity of 10 577 mAh g−1, low polarization voltage of 0.15 V, and high energy efficiency of up to 94.7%. Mott‐Schottky heterojunction formed by Mo and Mo3P drives electron transfer and optimizes the surface electronic structure, which is beneficial to accelerate the interface reaction kinetics. Distinctively, during the discharge process, the C2O42− intermediates combine with Mo atoms to form a stable Mo‐O coupling bridge on the catalyst surface, which effectively facilitate the formation and stabilization of Li2C2O4 products. In addition, the construction of the Mo‐O coupling bridge between the Mott‐Schottky heterojunction and Li2C2O4 promotes the reversible formation and decomposition of discharge products and optimizes the polarization performance of the Li‐CO2 battery. This work provides another pathway for the development of heterostructure engineering electrocatalysts for high‐performance Li‐CO2 batteries.
Self‐regulated learning with computer‐based learning environments
Authors: Bembenutty Héfer
Published: June 2023

Along with the increased interest in self‐regulated learning research, there has been a high engrossment in computer‐based learning environments that facilitate instruction and promote learning. These two crucial pedagogical approaches have been identified as being valuable to educators and learners. They merit refreshed considerations in light of new advanced theories, research, and practices in digital technologies and self‐regulated learning. This chapter introduces this volume on contemporary self‐regulated learning research with computer‐based learning environments that facilitate teaching and learning in postsecondary education. Contributors to this volume are internationally recognized scholars in self‐regulation and interactive learning technology research. They give an overview of the current state of knowledge in their specific disciplines as they integrate theoretical approaches to self‐regulated learning with contemporary technology issues. The authors provide research‐based analyses of the topic with specific examples of how practitioners can apply new knowledge and offer concrete recommendations for action and future directions.
Teachers as self‐regulated learners: The role of multimodal data analytics for instructional decision making
Authors: Taub Michelle , Azevedo Roger
Published: June 2023

The goal of this chapter is to propose a cyclical process of how teachers can use multimodal multichannel data of cognitive, affective, metacognitive, motivational, and social processes to assist with the understanding of their own and their students’ self‐regulated learning (SRL), and their subsequent instructional decision making. What differentiates our proposed framework from theories of self‐regulated learning is that we propose this cycle occurs throughout all phases of self‐regulated learning and in real time. In this chapter, we outline each component of the framework, followed by a discussion of future steps that discuss our future view of the classroom with teachers and how they can use multimodal multichannel data to help them with their instructional decision making. We aim to make it clear that: (1) our proposed stages are non‐linear and interdependent, which represents the foundation of SRL theory and the structure of classroom learning, and (2) our proposed framework highlights that using any technological tool to help teachers, not replace them.
Foliage Feeders
Authors: Elkinton Joseph , Roehrig Artemis
Published: June 2023

One of the most significant categories of insect that cause damage to trees are the defoliators. While many orders of insects feed on tree foliage, in this chapter we will focus on Lepidoptera, as there are so many Lepidopteran larvae (caterpillars) that are known for their extensive tree damage. In this chapter we review the impact of foliage feeders on forest trees and stand composition, and the ways in which densities of these species or the defoliation they cause are monitored. We do not cover insects attacking ornamental trees in the landscape, nor do we cover insects feeding exclusively on foliage tips or buds.
Photon chiral memory effect stored on celestial sphere
Authors: Maleknejad Azadeh
Published: June 2023

Abstract

This work introduces the chiral memory effect on the celestial sphere that measures the permanent change of electromagnetic fields by spin-dependent processes in bulk. Unlike the conventional memory effect based on the permanent soft shift in the gauge field itself, it is a permanent change in its spin angular momentum. The concept underlying the chiral memory (conventional memory) effect is optical spin torque (optical force) induction in bulk. Photons and EM radiation carry angular momentum, which is conserved without interactions. Chiral interactions with matter, medium, curvature, and theories with parity violation, i.e., axion-QED, transfers spin angular momentum to EM fields. In nature, such phenomena occur either on EM radiation (chiral memory) or in the vacuum of QED (vacuum chiral memory). It can be parametrized in terms of the photon’s topological (axial) current at null infinity. To elude the gauge ambiguity of the topological current, we use the transverse gauge and show it is the physical part of the current suggested by its cohomology structure.
Health and economic impact of improved glucose, blood pressure and lipid control among German adults with type 2 diabetes: a modelling study
Authors: Fan Min , Stephan Anna-Janina , Emmert-Fees Karl , Peters Annette , Laxy Michael
Published: June 2023

Aims/hypothesis

The aim of this study was to estimate the long-term health and economic consequences of improved risk factor control in German adults with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

We used the UK Prospective Diabetes Study Outcomes Model 2 to project the patient-level health outcomes and healthcare costs of people with type 2 diabetes in Germany over 5, 10 and 30 years. We parameterised the model using the best available data on population characteristics, healthcare costs and health-related quality of life from German studies. The modelled scenarios were: (1) a permanent reduction of HbA1c by 5.5 mmol/mol (0.5%), of systolic BP (SBP) by 10 mmHg, or of LDL-cholesterol by 0.26 mmol/l in all patients, and (2) achievement of guideline care recommendations for HbA1c (≤53 mmol/mol [7%]), SBP (≤140 mmHg) or LDL-cholesterol (≤2.6 mmol/l) in patients who do not meet the recommendations. We calculated nationwide estimates using age- and sex-specific quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and cost estimates, type 2 diabetes prevalence and population size.

Results

Over 10 years, a permanent reduction of HbA1c by 5.5 mmol/mol (0.5%), SBP by 10 mmHg or LDL-cholesterol by 0.26 mmol/l led to per-person savings in healthcare expenditures of €121, €238 and €34, and 0.01, 0.02 and 0.015 QALYs gained, respectively. Achieving guideline care recommendations for HbA1c, SBP or LDL-cholesterol could reduce healthcare expenditure by €451, €507 and €327 and gained 0.03, 0.05 and 0.06 additional QALYs in individuals who did not meet the recommendations. Nationally, achieving guideline care recommendations for HbA1c, SBP and LDL-cholesterol could reduce healthcare costs by over €1.9 billion.

Conclusions/interpretation

Sustained improvements in HbA1c, SBP and LDL-cholesterol control among diabetes patients in Germany can lead to substantial health benefits and reduce healthcare expenditures.

Graphical Abstract
Suizide von Minderjährigen – retrospektive 22-Jahres-Analyse des Leichenschau- und Obduktionsgutes des Instituts für Rechtsmedizin Rostock
Authors: Bingert R. , Kolbe V. , Boy D. , Büttner A.
Published: June 2023

Hintergrund

Insgesamt treten Suizide bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zwar selten auf, sie stellen jedoch die zweithäufigste Todesursache nach Unfällen bei unter 18-Jährigen dar. Während die Unfalltodeszahlen von Kindern und Jugendlichen seit Jahren sinken, bleibt die Suizidrate nahezu konstant.

Methodik

Im Rahmen dieser Untersuchung wurden Fälle von Suiziden bei Kindern und Jugendlichen, die jünger als 18 Jahre waren, im Zeitraum von Januar 2001 bis Dezember 2022 retrospektiv ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

Während des betrachteten Zeitraumes konnten 13 Suizide von Kindern und Jugendlichen in die Erhebung eingeschlossen werden, wobei in 10 Fällen eine gerichtlich angeordnete Obduktion durchgeführt wurde. Das Alter der 8 betroffenen Mädchen und 5 betroffenen Jungen erstreckte sich vom 12. bis zum 17. Lebensjahr. Die Kinder und Jugendlichen verstarben am häufigsten durch Erhängen, das in einem Fall kurzzeitig überlebt wurde, sowie an den Folgen eines Polytraumas. Andere Todesursachen waren Intoxikationen mittels unterschiedlicher Substanzen sowie ein Kopfschuss. In 3 Fällen war eine Depression vorbekannt.

Diskussion

Zwar sind Suizide im Kindes- und Jugendalter selten, dennoch stellen sie für beteiligte Personen immer ein tragisches Ereignis dar. Vor allem die Unterscheidung zwischen einem Suizid und einem Unfalltod kann schwierig sein. Hierbei kann insbesondere eine rechtsmedizinische Leichenschau am Ereignisort mit anschließender Obduktion entscheidend zur Aufklärung des Falls beitragen.
Oral nicotine pouches with an aftertaste? Part 1: screening and initial toxicological assessment of flavorings and other ingredients
Authors: Mallock-Ohnesorg Nadja , Rinaldi Selina , Malke Sebastian , Dreiack Nadine , Pieper Elke , Laux Peter , Schulz Thomas , Zimmermann Ralf , Luch Andreas
Published: June 2023

Nicotine pouches are oral products that deliver nicotine without containing tobacco. Previous studies mainly focused on the determination of known tobacco toxicants, while yet no untargeted analysis has been published on unknown constituents, possibly contributing to toxicity. Furthermore, additives might enhance product attractiveness. We therefore performed an aroma screening with 48 different nicotine-containing and two nicotine-free pouches using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, following acidic and basic liquid–liquid extraction. For toxicological assessment of identified substances, European and international classifications for chemical and food safety were consulted. Further, ingredients listed on product packages were counted and grouped by function. Most abundant ingredients comprised sweeteners, aroma substances, humectants, fillers, and acidity regulators. 186 substances were identified. For some substances, acceptable daily intake limits set by European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) and Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives are likely exceeded by moderate pouch consumption. Eight hazardous substances are classified according to the European CLP regulation. Thirteen substances were not authorized as food flavorings by EFSA, among them impurities such as myosmine and ledol. Three substances were classified by International Agency for Research on Cancer as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The two nicotine-free pouches contain pharmacologically active ingredients such as ashwagandha extract and caffeine. The presence of potentially harmful substances may point to the need for regulation of additives in nicotine-containing and nicotine-free pouches that could be based on provisions for food additives. For sure, additives may not pretend positive health effects in case the product is used.
Nodal quintic del Pezzo threefolds and their derived categories
Authors: Xie Fei
Published: June 2023

We construct a Kawamata type semiorthogondal decomposition for the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves of nodal quintic del Pezzo threefolds, decomposing the bounded derived category into bounded derived categories of finite dimensional algebras. This is achieved by constructing birational maps from nodal quintic del Pezzo threefolds to quadric surface fibrations over the projective line.