Neutralizing Antibody Immune Correlates for a Recombinant Protein Vaccine in the COVAIL Trial
Authors: Fong Youyi , Dang Lauren , Zhang Bo , Fintzi Jonathan , Chen Shiyu , Wang Jing , Rouphael Nadine G , Branche Angela R , Diemert David J , Falsey Ann R , Losada Cecilia , Baden Lindsey R , Frey Sharon E , Whitaker Jennifer A , Little Susan J , Kamidani Satoshi , Walter Emmanuel B , Novak Richard M , Rupp Richard , Jackson Lisa A , Yu Chenchen , Magaret Craig A , Molitor Cindy , Borate Bhavesh , Babu Tara M , Kottkamp Angelica C , Luetkemeyer Anne F , Immergluck Lilly C , Presti Rachel M , Bäcker Martín , Winokur Patricia L , Mahgoub Siham M , Goepfert Paul A , Fusco Dahlene N , Atmar Robert L , Posavad Christine M , Mu Jinjian , Makowski Mat , Makhene Mamodikoe K , Nayak Seema U , Roberts Paul C , Follmann Dean , Gilbert Peter B ,   Coronavirus Variant Immunologic Landscape Trial (COVAIL) Study Team, Diemert David J , Malkin Elissa , Bethony Jeffrey M , Desrosiers Aimee , Siegel Marc , Branche Angela R , Falsey Ann R , Walsh Edward , Kingsley Patrick , Peasley Michael , Rouphael Nadine G , Losada Cecilia , Graciaa Daniel S , Samaha Hady , Rebolledo Paulina A , Wiley Zanthia , Baden Lindsey R , Sherman Amy C , Walsh Stephen R , Tong Alexandra , Rooks Rebecca , Frey Sharon E , Abate Getahun , Oikonomopoulou Zacharoula , Hoft Daniel F , Graham Irene , Whitaker Jennifer A , El Sahly Hana M , Keitel Wendy A , Mary Healy C , Robert Atmar L , Susan Little J , Thomas Martin C S , Carter Nicole , Hendrickx Steven , Anderson Evan J , Christina Rostad A , Kamidani Satoshi , Peters Etza , Walter Emmanuel B , Smith Michael J , Anthony Moody M , Schmader Kenneth E , Novak Richard M , Ladner Benjamin G , Wendrow Andrea , Herrick Jessica , Rupp Richard , Porterfield Laura , Jackson Lisa A , Dunstan Maya , Lau Rebecca , Carste Barbara , Babu Tara M , Wald Anna , Krause Taylor , Hauge Kirsten , Kottkamp Angelica C , Mulligan Mark J , Davis Tamia , Engelson Celia , Soma Vijaya , Luetkemeyer Anne F , Harris Chloe , Lopez Azquena Munoz , Immergluck Lilly C , Johnson Erica , Chan Austin , Presti Rachel M , O’Halloran Jane A , Thompson Ryley M , Bäcker Martín , Fleming Andrew B , Noor Asif , Winokur Patricia L , Meier Jeffery , Stapleton Jack , Mahgoub Siham M , Maxwell Celia , Shami Sarah , Goepfert Paul A , Fusco Dahlene N , Drouin Arnaud C , Numbi Florice K , Lyke Kirsten E , Stephens David S , Neuzil Kathleen M , Farley Monica M , Marrazzo Jeanne , Young Sidnee Paschal , Lennox Jeffery , Atmar Robert L , McNeil Linda , Brown Elizabeth , Posavad Christine M , Meagher Megan A , McElrath Julie , Gale Mike , Abebe Kuleni , Makowski Mat , Hill Heather , Albert Jim , Baughman Holly , McQuarrie Lisa , Telu Kalyani , Mu Jinjian , McQuarrie Lisa J , Lewis Teri C , Giebeig Lisa A , Engel Theresa M , Griffith Caleb J , McDonald Wendi L , Burkey Alissa E , Hoopengardner Lisa B , Linton Jessica E , Gettinger Nikki L , Montefiori David C , Eaton Amanda , Smith Derek J , Netzl Antonia , Wilks Samuel H , Türeli Sina , Makhene Mamodikoe , Elsafy Mohamed , Pikaart-Tautges Rhonda , Arega Janice , Hoang Binh , Curtin Dan , Koo Hyung , Sindall Elisa , Crandon Sonja , DeGrace Marciela M , Post Diane J , Nayak Seema U , Roberts Paul C , Beigel John H , Rouphael Nadine G , Losada Cecilia , Graciaa Daniel S , Samaha Hady , Ackerley Cassie Grimsley , Unterberger Kristen E , Anderson Amy , Atha Mary , Bechnak Kareem , Bechnak Sarah , Bower Mary , Clegg Laura , Collins Matthew , Dyer Francine , Edupuganti Srilatha , Fineman Rebecca , Girmay Tigisty , Gonzalez Rebecca , Gray Natalie , Gutter Evan , Harewood Lisa , Huerta Chris , Johnson Brandi , Johnson Lauren , Kelley Colleen , Koumanelis Alexandra , Laryea Deborah , Macenczak Hollie , Makkaoui Nour , McCullough Michele , Ngo Tuong-Vy , Osinski Eileen , Paine Julia , Panganiban Bernadine , Pope Rose , Rebolledo Paulina , Rogers Susan , Scherer Erin , Smith Veronica , Stringer Andre , Traenkner Jessica , Wang Dongli , Watson Alahna , Wheeler Stacey , Winter Jean , Xu Jianguo , Baden Lindsey R , Sherman Amy C , Walsh Stephen R , Tong Alexandra , Rooks Rebecca , Kleinjan Jane A , Gothing Jon A , Avila Paz Andres A , Aleissa Muneerah M , Evans Bethany , Heithoff August , Izaguirre Natalie E , Jin Hannah , Kanwal Urwah , Kim Austin , Klopfer Julia E , Montesano Christina , Almeida John , Koleske Emily S , Levine Hannah , Morreale Nicholas P , Ometoruwa Omolola , Park Chang Jun Bai , Piermattei Anna F , Pierre Djenane M , Powell Megan , Zinchuk Kevin , Pickford Stephanie , Kelly Charles M , Li Xiaofang , Kupelian John , Dufresne Kimberly , Fan Xiaoguang , Zhang Xi , Arbona-Haddad Esther , Licona Jose Humberto , Anderson Evan J , Rostad Christina A , Kamidani Satoshi , Peters Etza , Anderson Larry , Bartol Julia , Bower Leisa , Campbell Natsuko , Harewood Lisa , Hsiao Hui-Mien , Hussaini Laila , Jooma Inara , Kettle Gidget , Lewis Marcia , Li Wensheng , Lubbers Cindy , Macoy Lisa , Morrison Molly , Siaw-Anim Anna , Stephens Kathleen , Taylor Madeline , Tippett Ashley , Nolan Lauren , Luetkemeyer Anne F , Harris Chloe , Lopez Azquena Munoz , Berrner Daniel , Dentoni-Lasofsky Dennis , Dwyer John , Hendler Suzanne , Gomez Elvira , Phuah WeyLing , Velasco Jaime , Viar Veronica , Diemert David J , Malkin Elissa , Bethony Jeffrey M , Desrosiers Aimee , Siegel Marc , Schroll-McLaughlin Nikita , Manning Jonathan , Ryu Jane , Rabanes Hanna-Grace , Khan Khadija , Vasquez Laura , Thoreson Caroline , Scholte Larissa , Thur Rafaela , St. John Peyton , Mettle-Amuah Dorinne , Winokur Patricia L , Meier Jeffery , Stapleton Jack , Stulken Laura , Hegmann Theresa , Pfab Deb , Morgan Elizabeth , Herman Susan , Peguero Angel , Rodenburg Michelle , Carr Alfred J , Johnson Delilah , Presti Rachel M , O’Halloran Jane A , Klebert Michael , Thompson Ryley M , Haile Alem , Gray Kim , Ayres Chapelle , Carani Delaney , Royal Michael , Tran John , Blair Laura , Afghanzada Anita , Schodl Natalie , Kottkamp Angelica C , Davis Tamia , Engelson Celia , Soma Vijaya , Abdulai Abdulwahab , Allen Ashanay , Aronova Natella , Aziz Philip , Beato Emily , Bliss Samuel , Callahan Jacqueline , Carmody Ellie , Dontino Amanda , Edwin Aimee , Goins Shelby , Haiken Sarah , Herati Ramin , Holder Abdonnie , Hong Janice , Karmacharya Trishala , Kaur Manpreet , Kim Hye-Youn , McMeeking Alexander , Mulligan Mark , Ng Wai , Nirenberg Edward , Noriega Irma , Nweke Samuel , Parameswaran Lalitha , Phillip Levonne , Rettig Stephanie , Samanovic-Golden Marie , Saporito Madalyn , Suman Pamela , Tasissa Meron , Tuen Michael , Wagner Julia , Wilson James , Wong Doris , Yip Grace , Yip Samantha , Youn Heekoung , Zhao Lisa , Branche Angela R , Falsey Ann R , Walsh Edward E , Kingsley Patrick , Zemanek Arthur , Elena Katherine , Obrecht Spencer , Shannon Ian , Kaychalo Amy , Nowicki Erin , Moorehead Sharon , Steinmetz Kari , Francis Doreen , Smith Tanya , Hamilton William , Holden-Wiltse Jeanne , Lane Christopher , Peasley Michael , Diehl Samuel , Richards Kyle , Bean Stephen , Dornbush Nicole , Cole Carol , Frey Sharon E , Abate Getahun , Oikonomopoulou Zacharoula , Hoft Daniel F , Graham Irene , Blazevic Azra , Blevins Tamara , Chirco Kathleen , DiPiazza Sabrina M , Doublin Stanley , Douds Heather Hoertel , Duane Carol G , Eggemeyer Eric , Eggemeyer-Sharpe Linda M , Foreman Lauren Nicole , George Sarah Louise , Gorse Geoffrey J , Harris Michelle , Hassas Helay , Hou Rong , Kerr Ryan Clark , Liefer Kate Elizabeth , Loyet Melissa J , Mejia-Jauregui Lainey , Meyer Keith , Montauk Tracy Renee , Mosby Karla J , Nethington Amanda , Ning Huan , Purcell Nicole , Siegner Joan M , Tennant Janice M , Xia Mei , Wilder Kiana , Yu Yinyi , Zehenny Cassandra Nicole , Rupp Richard , Porterfield Laura , Stanford Amber , Cox Robert , Pollock Kristin , Barrett Diane , Casey Gerrianne , McMahan Amy , Burkett Cori , Cox Essie , Bäcker Martín , Pastolero Sarah J , Byrnes Kimberly , Fleming Andrew B , Noor Asif , Muñoz-Gómez Sigridh A , Carsons Steven E , Joseph Sajumon K , Danziger Sophie , Benitez Monica , Aung Maung , Ragolia Louis , Vasile Alicia , Correll April , Hall Christopher , Palaia Thomas , Thakker Miloni H , Harvey Lavern , Zhao Lisa , Badillo Diana , Novak Richard M , Ladner Benjamin G , Wendrow Andrea , Herrick Jesica , Mena Lora Alfredo J , Borgetti Scott A , Bahena Diana L , Harden Regina , Powell Renyce , Chan David C M , Gasari Rebeca F , Pacini Michael , Villarreal Margarita M , Reyes Rodrigo , Rene Samuel M , Whitted Shannon M , Sultana Habiba , Kunwar Nanu , Sultana Tasmin , Amin Md R , Ghassemi Mahmood , O’Neal Nia , Serrano Chasity , Peterson Charlie , Walter Emmanuel B , Smith Michael J , Anthony Moody M , Schmader Kenneth E , Doyle Susan , Harrington Lynn S , Hendrickson Lori , O’Berry Amy , Huber Sherry , Wootton Janet , Clark Kelly , Banez Lani , Smith Stephanie , Hauser Byron , Odom Ally , Randolph Emily , Yoder Krystina , Chmielewski Kathlene , Ballon Luis , Latorre Aubree , Montgomery Breana , Tritz Antony , Gurley Thad , Pendzich Margaret , Jackson Lisa A , Dunstan Maya , Lau Rebecca , Carste Barbara , Andersen Wesley A , Barr Lee , Bryant Cassandra , Choe Joe , Gross Lynn , Kiniry Erika , Lam Bonnie Y , Lang De Vona , Lee Stella , Lins Paula J , Mohelnitzky Amy , Nguyen Marilyn , Nguyen Matthew , Rivas Melissa Resendiz , Scheer Melissa Boothe , Suyehira Janice , Wellwood Stacie , Maryann Woodford K , Susan Little J , Thomas Martin C S , Carter Nicole , Hendrickx Steven , Bharti Ajay , Phillips Alyssa , Gonzalez Aurora Verduzco , Dullano Cheryl , Houston Chris , Rosenblum Dawn , Pacheco DeeDee , Brooks DeLys , Wan Fang , Le Helene , Alcantar J C , Blumenthal Jill , Lencioni Joseph , Hess Kory , Muttera Letty , Arredondo Marlene , Smyth Megan , Taylor Megan , Stafford Melinda , Orsburn Michelle , Truong Michelle , Higgins Niamh , Patel Nimish , Gonzalez Rebecca , Maldonado Vivian , Immergluck Lilly C , Johnson Erica , Chan Austin , Ali Fatima , Jackson Sonja , Mohamed Noor , Tables LaKesha , Fas Norberto , Woodson Kay , Khizer Saadia , Ali Jacquelyn , Warsama Abdullah , Gaines Eric , Thompson Sierra Jordan , Wilson Cristina , Parker Trisha , Lin Xiting , Seaton LaTeshia Thomas , Wilson Derrick , Mahgoub Siham M , Maxwell Celia , Shami Sarah , Bauer Edward , Chen Yuanxiu , Ware-Pressley Megan , Ordor Debra , Fletcher Linda , Baidoo Emmanuel , Jaspan David , Adedokun Adetokunbo , Strobeck Michelle , Riga Michael A , Bautista Ashley Karen , Whitaker Jennifer A , El Sahly Hana M , Keitel Wendy A , Mary Healy C , Atmar Robert L , Piedra Pedro A , Banay Jesus , Bosworth Kathy , Brown Janet , Burrell Kayla , Castro Jeremy , Eddy Tykel , Eubanks Marcena , Faw Cathy , Froebe Rachel , Halter Alix , John Janey , Henry Chanei , Martinez Vanessa , Mundell Carol , Phillips Brandie , Prevost-Barthe Alicia , Rangel Connie , Rayford Yolanda , Rugeley Yvette , Shlyapobersky Maria , Sierra Tina , Silguero Elizabeth , Toro Lisreina , Turner Dawn , Wade-Bowers Chianti , Woods Jessica , Atmar Robert L , Babu Tara M , Wald Anna , Krause Taylor , Hauge Kirsten , Taub Jina , Varon Dana , Murphy Britt , Pertik Morissa , Nui Pholsena T , Braun Alyssa , Heimonen Jessica , Link Amy , McClellan Lindsey , Moreno Jessica , Wilkens Chloe , Seymour Matt , Hemingway Lawrence , Mernaugh Jean , McClurkan Chris , Laing Kerry , Potochnic Meredith , Kim Joong , Vo Bao-Chao , Goepfert Paul A , Weber Jenna , Spaulding Savannah , Logan Heather , Heard Faye , Patel Foreamben , Chambers Michelle , Fusco Dahlene N , Drouin Arnaud C , Numbi Florice K , Rady Hamada F , Ward Crystal A , Powers Quinn M , Casey William E , Logarbo Brian P , Williams Shae P , Callegari Emily , Stephens David S , Neuzil Kathleen M , Farley Monica M , Marrazzo Jeanne , Young Sidnee Paschal , Lennox Jeffery , Atmar Robert L , McNeil Linda , Posavad Christine M , Meagher Megan A , Stirewalt Michael , Hural John , Lawler Weston , Tanser Lexi , McElrath Julie , Gale Mike , Brown Elizabeth , Lyke Kirsten E , Abebe Kuleni , Makowski Mat , Hill Heather , Albert Jim , Baughman Holly , McQuarrie Lisa , Telu Kalyani , Mu Jinjian , McQuarrie Lisa J , Lewis Teri C , Giebeig Lisa A , Engel Theresa M , Griffith Caleb J , McDonald Wendi L , Burkey Alissa E , Hoopengardner Lisa B , Linton Jessica E , Gettinger Nikki L , Bowen Aroussiak , Baseler Beth R , Eccard-Koons Vanessa S , Hofsommer Charles W R , Sova Thomas C , Krauss Gary A , Montefiori David C , Eaton Amanda , Suman Francesca , Smith Derek J , Netzl Antonia , Wilks Samuel H , Türeli Sina , Höpping Ana Mosterín , Turner Samuel , James Sarah , Roth Poppy , Lee Marina , Makhene Mamodikoe , Elsafy Mohamed , Pikaart-Tautges Rhonda , Arega Janice , Curtin Dan , Koo Hyung , Sindall Elisa , Nakamura Aya , Crowder Audria , Chun Guinevere , Kenny Frank , Patel Seemi , Gales Sonia , Khan Ahsen , Dempsey Walla , Jurao Robert , Crandon Sonja , Nayak Seema U , DeGrace Marciela M , Post Diane J , Roberts Paul C , Beigel John H 
Published: September 2024

For COVAIL recipients of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Sanofi booster vaccine, neutralizing antibody titers were assessed as a correlate of risk (CoR) of COVID-19. Peak and exposure-proximal titers were inverse CoRs with covariate-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) 0.30 (0.11, 0.78) and 0.25 (0.07, 0.85) per 10-fold increase in weighted average titer.