bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of the SbDUF966 Gene Family in Sorghum and Investigation of It Role in Response to Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Luo Yu , Wang Minli , Jiao Wenda , Huang Kun , Li Jiaqi , Chen Haiyun , Zhang Ruidong , Cao Xiong
Published: February 2025

Background: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is an adversity-tolerant crop, but the function of the DUF966 gene family in its growth, development, and stress tolerance is unclear. Methods: The SbDUF966 gene was identified and analyzed using bioinformatics methods in this study. We also analyzed the expression pattern of SbDUF966 in different tissues and stress conditions using RNA-seq and RT-qPCR. We explored its post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism by combining it with miRNA analysis. Results: A total of six SbDUF966 genes were identified and categorized into two groups (Group I and Group II). Gene expression analysis showed that SbDUF966 exhibited specific expression in different tissues and developmental stages, and the expression response to abiotic stresses such as low temperature, high temperature, salinity, and flooding varied over time. In addition, 12 sorghum miRNAs were predicted as potential regulators of SbDUF966. Conclusions: The SbDUF966 gene family likely regulates sorghum’s growth, development, and stress tolerance.
Bidirectional Interplay Among Non-Coding RNAs, the Microbiome, and the Host During Development and Diseases
Authors: Nai Shanshan , Song Jiaxian , Su Wenting , Liu Xiaoqian
Published: February 2025

It is widely known that the dysregulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and dysbiosis of the gut microbiome play significant roles in host development and the progression of various diseases. Emerging evidence has highlighted the bidirectional interplay between ncRNAs and the gut microbiome. This article aims to review the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between ncRNAs, especially microRNA (miRNA), and the gut microbiome in the context of development and diseases, such as colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, neurological disorders, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Ultimately, this review seeks to provide a foundation for exploring the potential roles of ncRNAs and gut microbiome interactions as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for clinical diagnosis and treatment, such as ncRNA mimics, antisense oligonucleotides, and small-molecule compounds, as well as probiotics, prebiotics, and diets.
Analysis of Seismic Site Effects in Plio-Quaternary Intermontane Basin (L’Aquila, Central Italy)
Authors: Tallini Marco , Morana Enrico , Guerriero Vincenzo
Published: February 2025

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of site effects in the highly seismic area of L’Aquila in central Italy, which has been conducted within the framework of a seismic microzonation project funded by the Abruzzo Region’s Department of Government of the Territory and Environmental Policies. The project was aimed at best practices on the management of urban and land territory for seismic risk mitigation. Through the integration of detailed geophysical and geotechnical data with numerical modeling, we provide an accurate assessment of local seismic amplification. Two-dimensional numerical simulations using the LSR 2D code were performed on many representative geological sections to compute amplification factors for various period ranges. This case study allowed us to outline some key considerations for best practices in local seismic response analysis and seismic microzonation studies in Italy. Given the prevalence of 2D basin edge, buried morphology, and topographic effects in Plio-Quaternary geologically complex intermontane basins in central Italy, as demonstrated in the L’Aquila case study, use of two-dimensional models is suggested. In order to validate the numerical models and their associated spectra and amplification factors, it is also suggested to compare transfer functions with HVSR microtremor measurements at control points along the studied sections.
Comparison of Readmission, Discharge Location and Mortality over Three Years Post-Discharge Between Patients Diagnosed with Hospital-Acquired Malnutrition and Those Malnourished on Admission—A Retrospective Matched Case–Control Study in Five Facilities
Authors: Hosking Breanne , Ross Lynda , Vivanti Angela , Courtice Sally , Henderson Amanda , Naumann Fiona , Stoney Rachel , Palmer Michelle
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Increased mortality and poor post-discharge outcomes are common in malnourished inpatients. It is unknown whether post-discharge outcomes differ between patients with hospital-acquired malnutrition (HAM) or malnutrition present on admission (MPOA), which could impact nutrition processes within healthcare systems and hospital-acquired-complication policy. This retrospective matched case–control study compared mortality, discharge location and readmission at 3-, 12- and 36-months post-discharge between HAM and MPOA patients. Methods: The eligible patients were ≥18 years, malnourished and stayed in hospital for >14 days between 2015 and 2019. HAM patients were 1:1 matched with MPOA patients for age (±3 years), sex, facility and year of admission and further categorised by age group (18 < 65, ≥65 years). The data were obtained from medical records included demographics, mortality, discharge location and readmissions. Statistical tests were used to compare the groups. Results: There were 350 eligible patients (n = 175 HAM, 65 ± 18 years, 37%F, 88% moderately malnourished, 71% from hospitals with >500 beds). HAM and MPOA patients had similar post-discharge mortality (n = 51/175 (29%) vs. n = 64/175 (37%), p > 0.172) and discharge locations (n = 101/111 (81%) vs. n = 91/124 (82%) resided at home, p = 1.00) at 36 months. Of those readmitted to hospital (n= 268/350, 77%), days hospitalised post-discharge (HAM:17(6–40) vs. MPOA:19(8–39)) and number of readmissions (HAM:2(1–4) vs. MPOA:2(1–5)) were similar at 36 months (p > 0.05). However, older MPOA patients were more likely to readmit within 30 days (p = 0.007). Conclusions: Mortality was high but similar between MPOA and HAM patients up to 36 months post-discharge. Discharge location and readmissions were also similar between the groups, except that older MPOA patients were more likely to readmit to hospital within 30 days than older HAM patients. Mechanisms, such as nutrition policies and procedures, implementation of post-discharge nutrition interventions or allocation of post-discharge resources, should be explored further and should consider all long-stay malnourished patients, particularly those aged ≥ 65 years, to reduce preventable patient harm associated with malnutrition.
Determinants of Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health for Adolescent Girls in Vulnerable Situations in Latin America
Authors: Dávila Fabian , Cala-Vitery Favio , Gómez Luz-Tatiana
Published: February 2025

Latin American upper-middle-income countries (LAUMICs) face significant challenges in ensuring equitable access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) for adolescents due to socioeconomic inequalities, migration, and historical violence. This systematic review examines the barriers and facilitators to sexual and reproductive health access for adolescent girls (≤19 years old) in vulnerable situations across Latin America. Using six databases, 391 articles were reviewed; 10 met the inclusion criteria, and 10 more were included through backward search, resulting in 20 analyzed studies. Structural barriers such as economic, regulatory, and institutional constraints were found to restrict SRH access, exacerbated by social stigma and negative narratives, especially in cases involving sexual violence and clandestine abortions. Facilitators included intersectoral collaboration, preventive education, and community networks, which improved access to and the quality of services for vulnerable populations. The findings emphasize the need for sustainable strategies that address structural inequalities and stigma while strengthening health systems, and intersectoral cooperation. Comprehensive, culturally tailored education and clear regulatory frameworks are essential to achieving equitable and sustainable SRH services. These insights offer practical guidance for public policy and program design in LAUMICs, particularly for addressing the needs of marginalized adolescent populations.
Changes in the Level of hs-CRP in the Blood and Morphometric Parameters of Tissues Following Implantation of Polypropylene
Authors: Eisenach Igor A. , Lapii Galina A. , Uzyumova Alexandra K. , Lushnikova Elena L. , Ovchinnikov Victor S. , Solovieva Anastasia O. , Oorzhak Orlan V. , Kuznetsov Alexey V.
Published: February 2025

In recent decades, the use of polypropylene meshes has been the gold standard in the surgical treatment of muscular corset failure. However, the reasons behind the low percentage of complications and recurrences remain controversial. Tissue hyperreactivity and the immune response to polypropylene may be contributing factors. Measurements of the level of hs-CRP (highly sensitive C-reactive protein) in the blood and morphometric studies of tissues around the implant were carried out for three months after the installation of polypropylene implants in 53 laboratory rats. The research results confirmed the good biocompatibility of polypropylene and the formation of full-fledged connective tissue around polypropylene three months after the installation of the material. The level of hs-CRP in the blood increased slightly, without significant differences, but in some animals, there was a sharp increase in this indicator at 3 months. Such results may indicate the development of hyperreactivity to the implantation of a synthetic material and, with other accompanying factors, lead to the development of complications both at the local tissue and general immune levels.
Laser-Free Photosensitive Systems in Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Jia Ruixue , Zhang Shuyun , Zhang Jicheng , Li Yi
Published: February 2025

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the use of photosensitizers (PSs) that, upon activation by specific wavelengths of light, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), including singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH), within the targeted tissue, typically tumor cells. The generated ROS induces cellular damage, disrupts cellular processes, and ultimately leads to apoptosis or necrosis of the tumor cells. However, the clinical application of PDT is significantly hindered by the limited tissue penetration ability of light. To address this limitation, laser-free self-luminescent photosensitive systems have emerged as potential solutions for achieving deep-tissue PDT and imaging. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of various laser-independent photosensitive systems, with a particular emphasis on those based on resonance energy transfer (RET), chemically induced electron exchange luminescence (CIEEL), and Cherenkov radiation energy transfer (CRET). The aim is to offer a theoretical framework for the development of novel photodynamic systems and to reassess the application potential of certain previously overlooked photosensitizers (PSs).
The Transcription Factor CcMYB330 Regulates Capsaicinoid Biosynthesis in Pepper Fruits
Authors: Cheng Hong , Zhang Mingxian , Fang Guining , Li Mengjuan , Zhang Ruihao , Xie Qiaoli , Han Shu , Lv Junheng , Deng Minghua
Published: February 2025

Pepper is an important vegetable and economic crop, and the MYB family is one of the most numerous transcription factor families in plants, extensively participating in various biological processes such as plant growth, development, and stress resistance. In this study, CcMYB330 is identified as a differentially expressed gene in the pepper fruit, and CcMYB330 is expressed with higher expression levels in the placenta and pericarp at different development stages of pepper fruit. Analysis of the promoter cis-elements revealed that this gene contains not only core elements but also environmental factor response elements and plant hormone response elements. The silencing of CcMYB330 could reduce the capsaicinoid accumulation in pepper fruit, while the overexpression of CcMYB330 could increase capsaicinoid accumulation. Additionally, silencing or overexpressing CcMYB330 could regulate the expression of structural genes involved in capsaicinoid biosynthesis. In addition, through yeast one-hybrid experiments, we identified an interaction between CcMYB330 and the capsaicinoid biosynthesis structural gene CcPAL. Further evidence from EMSA experiments and dual luciferase assays confirmed that CcMYB330 can bind to the cis-element ACCAACAACCAAA in the CcPAL promoter. These results indicate that CcMYB330 may regulate the synthesis of capsaicinoids by modulating structural genes in the capsaicinoid biosynthesis pathway, providing new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of capsaicinoid synthesis.
LCAT in Cancer Biology: Embracing Epigenetic Regulation, Immune Interactions, and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Gao Manzhi , Zhang Wentian , Li Xinxin , Li Sumin , Wang Wenlan , Han Peijun
Published: February 2025

Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) is a crucial enzyme in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism that is often dysregulated in cancers, affecting tumor growth and therapy response. We extensively studied LCAT expression in various malignancies, linking it to clinical outcomes and genetic/epigenetic alterations. We analyzed LCAT expression in multiple cancers and used the Cox regression model to correlate it with patient survival metrics, including overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free interval (PFI). We also examined the copy number variations (CNVs), single-nucleotide variations (SNVs), DNA methylation, and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications of LCAT and their connections to tumor immune responses and drug sensitivity. LCAT expression varies among cancers and correlates with patient outcomes. Low expression is linked to poor prognosis in low-grade glioma (LGG) and liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), while high expression is associated with better outcomes in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). In kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP) and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC), LCAT CNV and methylation levels are prognostic markers. LCAT interacts with m6A modifiers and immune molecules, suggesting a role in immune evasion and as a biomarker for immunotherapy response. LCAT expression correlates with chemotherapeutic drug IC50 values, indicating potential for predicting treatment response. In ACC and COAD, LCAT may promote tumor growth, while in LGG and LIHC, it may inhibit progression. LCAT expression and activity regulation could be a new cancer therapy target. As a key molecule linking lipid metabolism, immune modulation, and tumor progression, the potential of LCAT in cancer therapy is significant. Our findings provide new insights into the role of LCAT in cancer biology and support the development of personalized treatment strategies.
Wheat Yellow Mosaic Virus P1 Inhibits ROS Accumulation to Facilitate Viral Infection
Authors: Zhao Yingjie , Yang Jiaqian , Liu Ying , Hu Xiaodi , Wang Xia , Yang Jian , Liu Jiaqian
Published: February 2025

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as signaling molecules, play a crucial role in the plant immune response. However, the mechanism(s) by which viruses affect ROS metabolism remain largely unexplored. Here, we found that wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV)-encoded P1 is a pathogenic protein. Transcriptomic and proteomic integrative analyses were performed on WYMV-infected overexpressing-P1 wheat and wild-type plants. A total of 9245 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1383 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the transcriptome and proteome, respectively. At their intersection, 373 DEGs/Ps were identified. Enrichment analysis revealed that the expression of genes related to the ROS metabolism pathway in overexpressed P1 transgenic wheat (OE-P1) plants significantly increased during WYMV infection. We screened peroxidase (TaPOD) and thioredoxin reductase (TaTrxR) as they showed the most significant differences in expression. The silencing of TaPOD and TaTrxR revealed that they positively regulate WYMV infection by reducing ROS accumulation. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide treatment induced WYMV resistance in wild-type wheat plants and OE-P1 transgenic plants. This study provides a theoretical basis for the role of P1 in plant viral infection.
MicroRNA-21 Promotes the Viability, Proliferation and Milk Fat Synthesis of Ovine Mammary Epithelial Cells by Targeting PDCD4
Authors: Hu Liyan , Wang Jiqing , Hao Zhiyun , Guo Xian , Li Mingna , Wu Xinmiao , Zhen Huimin , Ren Chunyan , Zhao Yuan , Yang Pan , Wang Xuanyu
Published: February 2025

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short endogenous non-coding RNAs and play important roles in regulating mammary development and activities of ovine mammary epithelial cells (OMECs), which affect the milk yield and milk ingredient contents of ewes. We previously found that miR-21 was highly expressed in ovine mammary tissue, while the regulatory mechanisms of miR-21 underlying mammary development and lactation performance are still unclear. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the functions of miR-21 in the activities of OMECs, and validated the target relationship of miR-21 with a predicted target gene programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Finally, we investigated the regulatory effect of PDCD4 on the viability, proliferation and milk fat synthesis of OMECs. The overexpression of miR-21 significantly increased the viability of OMECs, the number and proportion of Edu-labeled positive OMECs, as well as the contents of triglyceride in OMECs. In fact, miR-21 inhibitor obtained opposite results with miR-21 mimics. The results obtained from the dual luciferase report and RT-qPCR assays confirmed that the seed sequence of miR-21 can complementarily combine with the 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTR) of PDCD4, and miR-21 decreased the luciferase activity of PDCD4. Meanwhile, miR-21 also reduced the expression of PDCD4. These results indicate that PDCD4 is a target gene of miR-21. It was further found that PDCD4 decreased the viability and triglyceride content of OMECs, and the number and proportion of Edu-labeled positive OMECs. These findings suggest that miR-21 promotes the viability, proliferation and milk fat synthesis of OMECs by down-regulating the expression of PDCD4. The results revealed the regulatory mechanism by which miR-21 affected the activities and milk fat synthesis of OMECs in sheep.
Atopic Dermatitis and Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis: New Insights in the Analyses of Microbiota and Probiotic Effect
Authors: Petrillo Francesco , Buonanno Annalisa , Fedi Ludovica , Galdiero Marilena , Reibaldi Michele , Tamburini Bruno , Galdiero Emilia
Published: February 2025

Atopy is defined as a predisposition to hypersensitivity reactions against a range of antigens. It is characterized by the activation of CD4+ T helper type 2 (Th2) cells and an increased production of immunoglobulin E (IgE). The most common atopic conditions are atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergies, and atopic ocular diseases. Atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) is a chronic, bilateral inflammatory condition affecting the ocular surface, frequently occurring in conjunction with atopic dermatitis. It is not uncommon for patients to present with multiple conditions simultaneously or in a sequential manner. A comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms of atopic diseases is essential for the effective clinical evaluation and treatment. Recent research has underscored the pivotal role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and atopic eye diseases, with alterations in microbial composition (dysbiosis) being linked to a spectrum of atopic conditions. Probiotics are currently being investigated as a potential treatment option for restoring microbial balance and alleviating disease symptoms. This review examines the relationship between atopic dermatitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, and the microbiota, evaluating the current evidence and exploring the potential of probiotics as a novel therapeutic approach.
The Effect of Rhizophagus intraradices on Cadmium Uptake and OsNRAMP5 Gene Expression in Rice
Authors: Bao Xiaoqi , Liu Junli , Qiu Gaoyang , Chen Xiaodong , Zhang Junbo , Wang Hua , Zhang Quan , Guo Bin
Published: February 2025

The molecular mechanism of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in reducing cadmium (Cd) accumulation in plants remains unclear. In this respect, the effects of Rhizophagus intraradices (Ri) inoculation under Cd stress on rice growth, the uptake of Cd along with other elements, and the expression of Cd transport genes, including OsNRAMP1/5, were studied using wild-type (WT) and osnramp5 mutant rice. The results showed that Ri inoculation did not affect rice growth. The uptake of Cd of the osnramp5 mutant was much lower than the WT, as 27.6%, 17.5%, and 39.9% of Cd were noted in the grains, shoots, and roots, respectively. For the WT, Cd alone significantly promoted the OsNRAMP5 expression in shoots, but Ri inoculation significantly suppressed OsNRAMP5 expression and significantly reduced its grain and shoot Cd by 44.4% and 62.3%, respectively, compared to the Cd alone treatment. In contrast, for the osnramp5 mutant, Ri inoculation did not influence OsNRAMP5 expression or the grain and shoot Cd. Furthermore, the expression of other Cd transporters (OsIRT1, OsZIP3/7, OsCAX1a) in both varieties were not changed under the treatments. In conclusion, Ri inoculating significantly reduced Cd uptake by rice, with the molecular mechanism by negative regulation of expression of the OsNRAMP5 gene.
CNN 1D: A Robust Model for Human Pose Estimation
Authors: Cruz Mercedes Hernández de la , Solache Uriel , Luna-Álvarez Antonio , Zagal-Barrera Sergio Ricardo , Morales López Daniela Aurora , Mujica-Vargas Dante
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this research is to develop an efficient model for human pose estimation (HPE). The main limitations of the study include the small size of the dataset and confounds in the classification of certain poses, suggesting the need for more data to improve the robustness of the model in uncontrolled environments. The methodology used combines MediaPipe for the detection of key points in images with a CNN1D model that processes preprocessed feature sequences. The Yoga Poses dataset was used for the training and validation of the model, and resampling techniques, such as bootstrapping, were applied to improve accuracy and avoid overfitting in the training. The results show that the proposed model achieves 96% overall accuracy in the classification of five yoga poses, with accuracy metrics above 90% for all classes. The implementation of the CNN1D model instead of traditional 2D or 3D architectures accomplishes the goal of maintaining a low computational cost and efficient preprocessing of the images, allowing for its use on mobile devices and real-time environments.
Ontogenetic Analysis of Chelonus formosanus and Diversity of Its Internal Microbiota
Authors: Jia Jingjing , Feng Qing , Huang Weikang , Lin Zhufeng , Ji Xuncong
Published: February 2025

Chelonus formosanus is a parasitic wasp capable of parasitizing various Noctuidae pests, including the highly invasive Spodoptera frugiperda, and it demonstrates strong pest control potential. Both egg and larval stages primarily occur within the host organism, and the total developmental time from egg to adult is approximately 19.62 days. To investigate the microbial communities at different stages, we performed 16S rDNA sequencing (V1–V9 region) using PacBio sequencing and identified 404 bacterial species belonging to 61 classes, 116 orders, 182 families, and 308 genera across larval, pupal, female, and male adult stages. Bacterial diversity and richness varied across the stages, with Enterobacter and Enterococcus dominating in larvae and pupae and Pseudomonas emerging as dominant in female adults. In contrast, male adults predominantly resided with Ralstonia and Achromobacter. The predicted functions of bacteria within C. formosanus at different developmental stages are predominantly marked by the high abundance of metabolic pathways. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the morphology of C. formosanus and contributes to the practical control of host pests. Additionally, our findings preliminarily characterized the microbial community of various developmental stages, laying the groundwork for its functional study.
First Report of Polydrusus tibialis Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Infesting Peaches in Northern Greece
Authors: Andreadis Stefanos S. , Koutsogeorgiou Eleni I. , Navrozidis Emmanouel I. , Kaltsidis Achilleas , Avtzis Dimitrios N.
Published: February 2025

Peach [Prunus persica (L [...]
Feasibility and Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Intensive and Acute Cardiovascular Care
Authors: Leo Isabella , Figliozzi Stefano , Ielapi Jessica , Sicilia Federico , Torella Daniele , Dellegrottaglie Santo , Baritussio Anna , Bucciarelli-Ducci Chiara
Published: February 2025

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is established as a key imaging modality in a wide range of cardiovascular diseases and has an emerging diagnostic and prognostic role in selected patients presenting acutely. Recent technical advancements have improved the versatility of this imaging technique, which has become quicker and more detailed in both functional and tissue characterization assessments. Information derived from this test has the potential to change clinical management, guide therapeutic decisions, and provide risk stratification. This review aims to highlight the evolving diagnostic and prognostic role of CMR in this setting, whilst also providing practical guidance on which patients can benefit the most from CMR and which information can be derived from this test that will impact clinical management.
Pacemaker Versus Defibrillator Therapy in Patients Eligible for Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy: Evidence from the German Device Registry
Authors: Lange Philipp S. , Frommeyer Gerrit , Kleemann Thomas , Brachmann Johannes , Lugenbiel Patrick , Reif Sebastian , Hochadel Matthias , Senges Jochen , Eckardt Lars
Published: February 2025

Background: According to current guidelines, cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) is recommended in patients with significantly impaired left ventricular systolic function and left bundle branch block. However, the decision between pacemaker (CRT-P) and defibrillator (CRT-D) in patients eligible for CRT remains a matter of debate. Register data have shown a higher all-cause mortality in CRT-P in comparison to patients with a CRT-D. Here, we investigated clinical determinants of the selection of CRT-P vs. CRT-D and clinical outcome in large registry data from a multi-centre ‘real-life’ registry on patients with CRT defibrillator or pacemaker therapy. Methods: The German Device Registry (DEVICE) is a nationwide, prospective registry with one-year follow-up investigating 5451 patients receiving device implantations in 50 German centres. The present analysis of DEVICE focused on all patients from the register receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy. Results: Out of 1603 patients receiving cardiac resynchronisation therapy, 1536 (95.8%) received a CRT defibrillator system and 67 (4.2%) a CRT pacemaker system. Patients in the CRT-P group had a significantly better left ventricular systolic function compared to the CRT-D group (median 35% vs. 25%), and significantly less often had a history of myocardial infarction (9.0% vs. 25.2%). A preexisting pacemaker and a history of stroke/peripheral embolism were identified as determinants for the selection of CRT-P vs. CRT-D. Overall mortality after one-year follow-up was 8.0%. Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy receiving CRT-P therapy had a higher one-year mortality than patients receiving CRT-D (21.2% vs. 8.9%, p = 0.020). On the other hand, patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy did not display differences between these two treatment groups (CRT-P 8.1%, CRT-D 6.6%, p = 0.72). Conclusions: Data from the German device registry show that most patients receiving cardiac synchronization therapy have an implanted CRT-D system. In comparison to patients with CRT-D, those with CRT-P more often had a non-ischemic cardiomyopathy and a preexisting pacemaker system. The outcomes between these two treatment groups were different as regards ischemic cardiomyopathy only.
Detailed Insights into the Relationship Between Three-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography-Derived Systolic Left Atrial Global Strains and Left Ventricular Volumes in Healthy Adults from the MAGYAR-Healthy Study
Authors: Nemes Attila , Ambrus Nóra , Lengyel Csaba
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: The complex relationship between three-dimensional (3D) speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE)-derived left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) volumes and functional properties has been demonstrated in recent studies. A better understanding of LV volumetric dependence on systolic peak LA (reservoir) strains in healthy circumstances could complete this knowledge. Therefore, 3DSTE was used for the simultaneous evaluation of these parameters in healthy adults, aiming to examine their complex relationship. Materials and Methods: The present study consisted of 165 healthy individuals with a mean age of 33.1 ± 12.3 years and 90 men. A complete two-dimensional echocardiography with Doppler with 3DSTE was performed in all the cases. Results: The peak LA global radial (GRS), longitudinal (GLS), and 3D (G3DS) strains were increased in the subjects with a mean LV end-diastolic volume (EDV) as compared to those cases with a lower-than-mean LV-EDV. In the cases with a higher-than-mean LV-EDV, no further increase in these peak global LA strains could be detected. The peak LA global circumferential and area strains showed a tendentious (non-significant) increase with an increasing LV-EDV. The peak LA global strains showed similar non-significant associations with the LV end-systolic volume (except the peak LA-G3DS, which proved to be significant). Conclusions: In healthy adults, the 3DSTE-derived peak LA-GRS and LA-G3DS are increased with a larger LV-EDV up to a point, beyond which a further increase cannot be seen, suggesting a working Frank–Starling mechanism in this context similar to that for LA volumes. Similar associations are present for the peak LA-GLS as well.
Differentiation of Atypical Lipomatous Tumors from Lipomas: Our Experience with Visual Analysis of Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Moran Luz Maria , Li Cai Chao Yuan , Ramirez Alberto , Royuela Ana
Published: February 2025

Differentiating atypical lipomatous tumors (ALTs) from lipomas using imaging techniques is a challenge, and the biopsy with immunohistochemical determination of murine double minute 2 (MDM2) oncogene is the gold standard. We are looking for a management algorithm with the visual analysis of magnetic resonance images in these two fatty soft tissue tumors that allow us to avoid some biopsies. Two radiologists, blinded to the final diagnosis, independently assessed various features on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in 79 patients with pathologically confirmed fatty tumors as either lipoma (MDM2 negative) or ALT (MDM2 positive). Results: The interobserver agreement for the most MRI features was moderate and the musculoskeletal radiologist accuracy for final diagnosis was 90% sensitivity and 66% specificity. Tumors with homogeneous fat signals and a maximum size < 8 cm were always lipomas (p < 0.001), and the tumors with septa thickness ≥ 2 mm, or more than one non-fat nodule, and a maximum size ≥ 12.8 cm were typically ALTs. While those tumors with septa < 2 mm or one non-fat nodule, independently of maximum size, the diagnosis of lipoma versus ALT is uncertain and a biopsy is required.
Bacterial Carbon Demand and Primary Production in a Posidonia oceanica System: A Re-Evaluation of Carbon Fluxes
Authors: Velimirov Branko , Weinbauer Markus
Published: February 2025

An earlier ecosystemic study on carbon balance calculations of a Posidonia oceanica system in the Bay of Calvi [Corsica, France], indicated that the bacterial carbon demand [BCD] between May and October [Temp > 18 °C] in the seagrass meadow could not be sustained by net leaf production of P. oceanica and its epiphytes [NPP]. Hence, the system was clearly heterotrophic as only one autotrophic region was recorded, namely the depth range from 0–10 m. Already published data on the production of algal macrophytes and Cymodocea nodosa meadows and their mapping in the Bay of Calvi allowed a re-evaluation of the carbon budgets for each specific depth range. It was shown that C. nodosa could contribute significantly to covering the bacterial carbon demand of the P. oceanica system and that a positive carbon balance could be obtained for the seagrass meadow due to this carbon input when the temperature was higher than 18 °C, even though the depth ranges between 21–30 m and 31–38 m were negative. The overall trend indicates that the system cannot rely on the phytoplanktonic production of the water column, as BCD is higher than phytoplanktonic carbon production. When integrating BCD and net primary production [NPP] of the water column in summer we noticed a lack of some 97.6 to 104.3 tons of carbon which is not covered by the seagrasses leaf production and the algal macrophytes. The obtained data indicate clearly that other carbon carbon-producing compartments like the microphytobenthos, the NPP of rhizome epiphytes, and the detrital carbon import into the Bay of Calvi need to be investigated.
The Spatial Distribution Dynamics of Shark Bycatch by the Longline Fishery in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean
Authors: Xia Shengyao , Wang Jiaqi , Gao Xiaodi , Yang Yiwei , Huang Heyang
Published: February 2025

Shark bycatch represents a substantial issue in the management of oceanic fisheries. Utilizing data on shark bycatch from the longline fishery, as released by the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission, this study applied the boosted regression tree model to examine the impact of environmental factors on the bycatch per unit effort (BPUE) of key bycatch species, as well as to predict the spatial distribution dynamics of both BPUE and bycatch risk (BR). The findings emphasize that the oxygen concentration, sea surface temperature, and chlorophyll-a concentration are paramount to sharks’ BPUE. Furthermore, the study compared the variations in environmental preferences across diverse shark species, pinpointing key environmental attributes defining the ecological niches of distinct shark populations. The spatial predictions identified the hotspots of BPUE and BR for the bigeye thresher shark (Alopias superciliosus), longfin mako (Isurus paucus), silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis), and oceanic whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) in tropical latitudes (10° S to 15° N), and for the blue shark (Prionace glauca) and shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) in temperate zones (south of 30° S or north of 30° N). The geometric center analysis indicated that all shark species exhibited large annual fluctuations in BPUE and BR, and most populations displayed significant shifting trends. Several grids (5° × 5°) were identified as high-risk areas due to their considerable contribution to bycatch. Furthermore, the geometric centers of BR were observed to shift eastward towards equatorial waters, compared to the geometric centers of BPUE. This underscores the necessity of considering factors beyond BPUE when identifying critical areas for the implementation of area-specific bycatch mitigation measures. The insights derived from this study can enhance and support the development and enforcement of targeted area-based fishery management initiatives.
Unveiling the Genomic Features and Biocontrol Potential of Trichoderma hamatum Against Root Rot Pathogens
Authors: Feng Yuzhou , Shuai Xinyi , Chen Jili , Zhang Qing , Jia Lijie , Sun Luzhi , Su Yunxia , Su Yanyan , Dong Gangqiang , Liu Tao , Long Guangqiang
Published: February 2025

Fusarium species are among the most significant pathogens causing root rot in Panax notoginseng. In this study, a strain of Trichoderma hamatum was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of P. notoginseng and subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Plate confrontation experiments were conducted to investigate the antagonistic effects of T. hamatum against Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Fusarium acutatum, the primary Fusarium species causing root rot. Whole-genome sequencing revealed 10,774 predicted genes in T. hamatum, of which 454 were associated with carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) involved in fungal cell wall degradation. Additionally, 11 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) associated with antimicrobial production were identified, highlighting the biocontrol potential of T. hamatum. In plate confrontation experiments, T. hamatum showed substantial inhibition rates of 68.07%, 70.63%, and 66.12% against F. oxysporum, F. solani, and F. acutatum, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy suggested the hyperparasitism of T. hamatum against F. solani, which was characterized by spore production that adhered to the pathogen, thereby inhibiting its growth. These findings provide a theoretical foundation to enhance understanding of the biological control mechanisms of T. hamatum, supporting its potential applications in sustainable agriculture.
Coupling and Coordination Relationship Between Carbon Emissions from Land Use and High-Quality Economic Development in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Gao Min , Shao Zhifeng , Zhang Lei , Qiao Zhi , Yang Yongkui , Zhao Lin
Published: February 2025

Taking Inner Mongolia as a case, this study systematically analyzes the coupling and coordination relationship between carbon emissions from land use (CELU) and high-quality economic development (HQED). The aim is to provide empirical support and policy inspiration for archiving the “dual carbon” goal and HQED strategy in border areas. Panel data from 12 cities in Inner Mongolia from 2000 to 2020 were selected. We established an evaluation index system for CELU and HQED using the entropy-weight TOPSIS method and scientifically evaluated the level of HQED. We applied exploratory spatial data analysis, topic decoupling, coupling coordination degree (CCD), and geographic detector models to comprehensively analyze the coupling coordination status and spatial heterogeneity of CELU and HQED. The driving factors affecting CCD were explored in detail. Although the total CELU in Inner Mongolia has increased, its growth rate has slowed significantly. The CCD of CELU and HQED was low, and an obvious spatial disequilibrium was observed. Seven key factors, including land-use structure, efficiency, and energy intensity, have significant driving effects on the CCD. To support supply-side structural reform, promote HQED, and achieve emission reduction and green development goals, we offer a series of policy recommendations: promote the transformation of resource-based cities, optimize the energy structure, promote industrial structure upgrading, strengthen scientific and technological innovation and green technology applications, and improve regional cooperation and policy coordination. This study reveals the internal relationship between CELU and HQED and provides practical and instructive countermeasures and suggestions for the sustainable development of border areas, such as Inner Mongolia, which have important reference value for promoting the green transformation of regional economies and achieving the “dual carbon” goal.
Exploring the Possibilities of Implementing the ALS-Based 3-30-300 Concept for Urban Green Space Management in Small Municipalities
Authors: Mitelsztedt Krzysztof , Ciesielski Mariusz , Hycza Tomasz , Lisańczuk Marek , Guderski Kacper , Kurpiewska Sylwia , Korzeniewski Krzysztof
Published: February 2025

This study examines the applicability of the 3-30-300 rule in five medium-sized Polish municipalities. The rule states that residents should be able to see at least three trees from their homes, neighborhoods should have at least 30% tree canopy coverage, and public green spaces should be within 300 m. The method proposed in this study shows that the tree visibility component of the 3-30-300 concept is the most fluctuating index, and it strongly depends on the settings of the algorithm parameter, as well as on the placement of artificially generated observers. This demonstrates the complexity of the issue and the need to further specify the nuances of the 3-30-300 rule. The work shows that all variables of the 3-30-300 rule can be calculated based on publicly available data, such as point clouds, which are increasingly being made available for free for research and implementation purposes. The study concludes that the proposed solution is effective in assessing the availability of green spaces and emphasizes the need for qualitative improvements in the management of urban green spaces. While the 3-30-300 rule can serve as the foundation for future urban planning, complementary strategies are needed to ensure long-term sustainability and better access to green spaces.
Fostering Circularity in Agroforestry Biomass: A Regulatory Framework for Sustainable Resource Management
Authors: Bastos Tiago , Nunes Leonel J. R. , Teixeira Leonor
Published: February 2025

Sustainability is under threat due to inefficient waste management. In the industrial sector, mechanisms such as value chains and producer obligations have advanced circular economy practices. However, in the agroforestry sector, open burning of waste remains prevalent, resulting in resource loss and heightened fire risks. This scenario jeopardizes the environmental, social, and economic pillars of sustainability, underscoring the need for legal frameworks to ensure waste recovery. This study proposes a regulatory framework to enhance the circular economy in agroforestry waste management. A benchmarking analysis was conducted to examine waste recovery systems where circular economy principles are successfully implemented. Insights from these systems were integrated with an in-depth assessment of the agroforestry biomass recovery chain to develop actionable regulatory measures. The proposed framework includes measures such as mandatory delivery of biomass, creation of aggregation centers, and incentives for biomass recovery. These measures are tailored to reduce fire risks, improve resource efficiency, and align stakeholders’ practices with sustainability goals. Visual tools, including comparative tables and diagrams, illustrate the framework’s impact. The study highlights the potential of regulatory interventions to promote agroforestry waste recovery, supporting sustainable development. Future work should focus on pilot implementations to validate the framework’s effectiveness in real-world scenarios.
Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum Versus Percutaneous Needle Fasciotomy for Dupuytren’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Seth Ishith , McClure Vicki , Lim Bryan , Cuomo Roberto , Ross Richard J. , Rozen Warren M.
Published: February 2025

Minimally invasive treatments for Dupuytren’s disease (DD), such as percutaneous needle fasciotomy (PNF) and collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH), have become alternatives to open surgeries. This meta-analysis compared these treatments in terms of complications, patient satisfaction, clinical outcomes, and recurrence. Relevant studies up to June 2024 were identified through major databases, following PRISMA guidelines, and the study was registered on PROSPERO. Statistical analysis using Review Manager 5.4 found PNF had lower post-operative rates of oedema (RR = 0.15, 95% CI [0.09, 0.27], p < 0.00001), lymphadenopathy (RR = 0.09, 95% CI [0.02, 0.38], p = 0.0010), and pruritus (RR = 0.1, 95% CI [0.01, 0.73], p = 0.02) compared to CCH. However, there were no significant differences in skin tears, recurrence, reintervention, extension deficit, or residual flexion at metacarpal and proximal interphalangeal joints (p > 0.05). Patient-reported outcomes, including QuickDASH and URAM scores, also showed no significant differences. Eleven studies involving 1443 patients were analysed, and most were at a low-to-moderate risk of bias, as assessed using the Cochrane or Newcastle–Ottawa tools. While PNF showed fewer minor complications, overall clinical and patient-reported outcomes were comparable between the treatments. These findings highlight the need to tailor treatment choices to patient preferences and clinical context.
Assessing the Validity, Safety, and Utility of ChatGPT’s Responses for Patients with Frozen Shoulder
Authors: Yang Seoyon , Kim Younji , Chang Min Cheol , Jeon Jongwook , Hong Keeyong , Yi You Gyoung
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates the potential of ChatGPT as a tool for providing information to patients with frozen shoulder, focusing on its validity, utility, and safety. Five experienced physicians selected fourteen key questions on musculoskeletal disorders after discussion and verified their adequacy by consulting one hundred and twenty frozen shoulder patients for additional or alternative inquiries. These questions were input into ChatGPT version 4.0, and its responses were assessed by the physicians using a 5-point Likert scale, with scores ranging from 1 (least favorable) to 5 (most favorable) in terms of validity, safety, and utility. The findings showed that for validity, 85.7% of the responses scored 5, and 14.3% scored 4. For safety, 92.9% received a score of 5, while one response received a 4. Utility ratings also demonstrated high scores, with 85.7% of responses rated 5 and 14.3% rated 4. These results indicate that ChatGPT provides generally valid, safe, and useful information for patients with frozen shoulder. However, users should be aware of potential gaps or inaccuracies, and continued updates are necessary to ensure reliable and accurate guidance. It should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, highlighting the need for continued updates to ensure reliable and accurate guidance.
Lumped Parameter Model for Structural Analysis of Over-Constrained Multi-Legged Parallel Mechanism Supporting System Applied to Cryogenic Devices
Authors: Piacentini Luca , Dassa Luca , Perini Diego , Ratkus Andris , Torims Toms , Uberti Stefano
Published: February 2025

While the design of a cryostat is being developed, one of the most relevant sub-systems is the internal supporting system that sustains the cooled component. According to the literature, the arrangement and number of supports chosen often result in a multi-leg over-constrained architecture. These are usually studied by means of finite element analysis tools alone, which makes studies like the optimization of supporting systems computationally expensive. This paper proposes a more structured and general analytical model compared to the existing models for this application. The proposed lumped parameter model allows designers to study the influence of external loads, pre-load, and cool-down on stress levels and deformation status of the supports of the cryogenic device as well as the consequent misalignment of the cooled component. The general lumped parameter model for n tie-rods of different shapes, dimensions, and materials is proposed. Two particularized models of eight and eleven supports are validated by comparing the results with those from standard finite element analysis software. Results show that the proposed model has a strong agreement with finite element simulations, and the median of relative errors is about 1.4%. This accuracy is obtained for models of randomly arranged supports, which proves the effectiveness of the model in predicting results even for non-symmetrical support configurations. Comparable and accurate results are obtained, which are about 130 times faster than in finite element analysis, thus proving the effective reduction in computational cost. Additionally, the proposed code lets designers change input parameters in a quicker and reliable way.