bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Lower Extremity Muscle Activation Using EMG
Authors: Vidhya L. , Saranya S. , Poonguzhali S.
Published: June 2014

Electromyography (EMG) has been widely used as a tool to understand and distinguish between normal and pathological gait. This study aims at understanding the activation patterns of lower limb muscles viz. Gastrocnemius and Tibialis Anterior in the dominant leg of subjects with normal (n=5) as well as pathological (n=2) gait patterns. The paper presents a normative pattern of these muscles during normal walking condition from which the deviation of affected group from the control group is observed. For this analysis, Surface EMG signals along with Force Sensitive Resistor values are acquired. These surface EMG signals picked up during the muscle activity are interfaced with a PC via EMG acquisition system. The acquired signals were processed and analyzed which can be used for rehabilitative therapy planning.
Ergonomic Design and Evaluation of Laparoscopic Instrument Handle Based on Anthropometry
Authors: Sun Chang Ying , Wang Shu Yi , Wang Bing Cao
Published: June 2014

The laparoscopic instruments cause pain, numbness and damages to surgeons during the operation due to poor ergonomic design. Anthropometry is one of the most important factors in ergonomic design. Six hand dimensions have been measured in gripping position of fourteen subjects. A prototype handle was designed based on those anthropometric data and finally manufactured. In this study, surface EMG and angels of wrist during a simulated laparoscopic task were collected to evaluate the usability of the new designed and an available handle. After the task, a questionnaire was used to assess the comfort level of those handles subjectively. The compare of those physiological signals showed that the prototype was superior in ergonomic design. Regarding to the questionnaire, the prototype handle scored 58.08, and the current handle scored 52.22. The results showed that the prototype handle is more ergonomic designed than the current handle.
Design of the Gas Flow Integrating Instrument
Authors: Zhou Fu Gen , Li Fu Zeng , Dai Lian Chao
Published: June 2014

A flow integrating instrument based on the diaphragm gas meter is designed with MSP430 microprocessor. The double reed switch is used for the flow signal acquisition with higher Accuracy. In order to reduce the influence of pressure and temperature on gas flow measurement, the PT1000 resistance temperature sensor and silicon piezo-resistive pressure sensor circuit are designed. The embedded software is developed with C. The experimental result show the flow integrating instrument has high accuracy.
Analysis and Realization of Critical Points on Hardware Design of FPGA
Authors: Wu Chang Fu
Published: June 2014

FPGA is one kind of important devices that can realize many functions. As the development of communication technology and computer science, more and more technologies are invented and more and more hardware design technologies are sifted out. Therefore, the hardware design based on ASIC can be not fit on the new theories realization. As a new device, FPGA has many advantages including strength function, shorter design circle, less money, more flexible and more intelligent design tools. More and More hardware designs of FPGA are pay more attentions. Therefore, it is significant to make analysis on hardware design of FPGA. The hardware design for FPGA will be related to the FPGA device. In the market Altera and Xilinx FPGAs are used frequently by engineers. Therefore, in this dissertation will be make analysis and realization the critical points in hardware design based on Xilinx FPGA. In this dissertation, the critical point of Hardware Design of FPGA will be described. It will include power source, impedance matching and clock circuit design. There are many hardware design tools used for hardware design including Altium Designer, Protel, Cadence and others. Compared with other design tools, Cadence will have more advantages. Therefore, in this dissertation, Cadence will be used as the design tool for hardware design analysis and realization. With the help of Cadence, one hardware design and signal transmission simulation will be made analysis. With the development of the micro-electronics technology and computer science, the hardware design about FPGA will be taken more and more attentions.
The Design and Implementation of Testing System for Network Equipment Configuration Status and Light Power
Authors: Liu Ming Bo , Zhang Guang Shun , Gao Hong Chao , Li Qi
Published: June 2014

This article explains the design idea and implementation method of network equipment configuration status review and optical power detection system by remotely logging on network equipment, gives the comparative analysis result of the two methods of obtaining network equipment parameters, detailed introduces the design method and implementation process to get parameters of network equipments by remotely telnet logging on. System is tested in the practical application. Testing shows that system works stably, has good Real-Time property and high data precision. The system satisfies the requirement and is provided with some popularization and applied value.
A Hierarchical Scheme for Open System Environments Review
Authors: Zhang Feng Xiang
Published: June 2014

This paper focus on hierarchical scheduling for real-time applications for open embedded system environments constructed by the total bandwidth server, according to its algorithms, when a job at the head of the server's ready queue completes, the server budget is replenished immediately if the ready queue is not empty. This paper gives some examples to the solutions proposed by Deng et al for a two-level hierarchical scheduling model in which the global level of the system is earliest deadline first, and the local scheduler could be any algorithm. The scheduling algorithms and schedulability analysis for the tasks are reviewed in an open system where the applications could be modeled as executing on a slow processor.
Applying Upwind Difference and Central Difference to Discrete N-S Equation Described by Stream Function
Authors: Wang Fei Han , Yan Guo Xin , Zhu Shi Jiang
Published: June 2014

To study sudden expansion flow, it took N-S equation described by stream function as governing equation and got discrete equations with upwind difference and central difference. The discrete equations are applied to calculate sudden expansion flow. The results showed that when the Reynolds number is lower, stream function distribution calculated with central difference is similar to with upwind difference and that when the Reynolds number is higher, the calculation with central difference becomes unstable, even not converged. It showed that for sudden expansion flow, the upwind difference can simulate well and the results are satisfied
A Method of Recognition of Human Hand and Body Gestures for Task-Level Learning from Demonstration
Authors: Popov Vladimir
Published: June 2014

Different problems of robot learning and planning have received considerable attention, recently. In particular, we can mention robot task learning. Robot learning from demonstration is especially important for robots that operate in unstructured environments. The effectiveness of such learning depends strongly on the quality of vision-based analysis of human hand and body gestures. In this paper, we consider a method of recognition of human hand and body gestures that based on a modified longest common subsequence algorithm with adaptive parameters.
Smart Control of DC Servo Motor Based on Fussy-PID
Authors: Wang Xi Juan , Xu Wan Ming , Wu Yong Qiang , Gao Hai Yan
Published: June 2014

Conventional PID control system of Direct Current (DC) servo motor is only suitable for the system which Mathematical models can be precisely expressed [1] And it can’t meet the demand of the nonlinear and time-varying system. In the paper, a control system based on fussy-PID is proposed. The basic algorithm of the fussy-PID is introduced firstly. And then the design of the fussy-PID control system is introduced. The results of the experiments have shown that the fussy-PID control system improved the performance of the DC servo motor..
Brand Classification Using Distributed Representation
Authors: He Tao , Liu Juan
Published: June 2014

The classification of brands refers to classify the brands of products to different categories. It is important in e-commerce and online advertising. Distributed representation is obtained from deep learning, a new area of machine learning research. The main advantage of it is that such a representation can capture various dimensions of both semantic and syntactic information. We use distributed representation to classify brands and compare this method with the approach based on normalized Google distance.
Empirical Research on Building Shenzhen into a Regional Logistics Economy Center
Authors: Li Guang
Published: June 2014

. The paper takes regional economy and regional logistics of Shenzhen as research objects and carries out empirical quantitative analysis on their relationship by applying unary linear regression, logistics demand coefficient and grey correlation grade. The analysis results show that there is synergistic effect between regional logistics and regional economy. Shenzhen, with advantageous conditions for developing regional logistics economy, should adopt international regional logistics economy center as its development orientation, so as to create favorable conditions for the further growth of regional logistics economy and realize collaborative development with the regional economy.
Design and Kinematic Analysis of a New 3-DOF Hybrid Mechanism
Authors: Xue Zi Yun , Zhang Bin , Zhang Dong Bo
Published: June 2014

The unique design for a novel 3-DOF hybrid mechanism is investigated in this paper. According to the feature of the hybrid mechanism, its kinematics is resolved in detail. And the shape of the workspace is described, which can provide theoretical base for the optimal design and application of the mechanism. This novel 3-DOF hybrid mechanism is suitable for the industrial, agriculture and service applications in which the requirements for simple structure, high stiffness, and large workspace.
An Investigated of Single Point Incremental Forming Formability
Authors: Rattanachan Kittiphat , Chungchoo Chatchapol
Published: June 2014

An industrial application of single point incremental forming (SPIF) process is dramatically increasing due to the flexibility and economically of the SPIF process. In this paper, the maximum wall’s incline angle without tearing of the SS400 steel formed sample was investigated as the SPIF formability. The SS400 steel sheet 0.8 mm thickness was formed into the 100 mm diameter cone shape with 90o, 75oand 60owall’s incline angle. The forming depth was progressed step by step until the cone wall surface fracture was occurred, then the experimental was stopped. The experimental result shown the formability limited of the SS400 steel sheet was approx. 60owall’s incline angle. This could be used as the initial utilized data in designing the single point incremental forming parts.
Electrochemical Performances of the Binary Solvent Electrolytes with Lithium Bis(Oxalate)Borate
Authors: Jing Jie , Cui Xiao Ling , Mao Li Ping , Li Shi You
Published: June 2014

Abstract. Lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) is a promising salt for lithium ion batteries. The electrochemical behaviors of tetramethylene sulfone (TMS) / dimethyl sulfite (DMS) with different volume ratios of 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1 with 0.7 mol L-1 LiBOB salt are investigate in this work. Although the proportion of different solvents show different electrochemical performance, both of the LiBOB-based electrolytes show high oxidation potentials (> 5.5 V), and excellent film-forming characteristics.
Experimental Study on Carbonization of Low-Rank Pulverized Coal with High Temperature Heat Pipe
Authors: Wang Li Qun , Yi Zhong Bo , Wei Zhong Xiang
Published: June 2014

Aimed at improving the utilization of pulverized coal, high-temperature heat pipe technology was introduced into lignite carbonization.Under the design of power of 10kw semi-industrial pulverized coal carbonization test equipment, Fugu lignite coal as raw material to investigate the operating characteristics of the device and carbonization characteristics. Experimental result shows that the high temperature heat pipes heat steadily and meet the temperature requirement of low-temperature carbonization. With the extension of the holding time, the semi-coke fixed carbon content increasing, but volatile matter vice versa, however, holding time above 60 minutes, the effect of carbonization is not obvious, and the best carbonization time is 30 ~ 60 minutes. The length of the holding time has little effect on gas composition, the content of H2 and CH4 are relatively higher than the rest gas, (H2 + CH4) gas accounted for 70% of the total, the heating value remains at 18.76 ~ 19.22MJ/m3, belongs to medium-high value gas, could provide for industrial and civilian use.
Investigation of Lithium Difluoro (Sulfato) Borate as a Salt of Electrolyte for High-Temperature Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Shi You , Li Xiao Peng , Mao Li Ping , Cui Xiao Ling
Published: June 2014

Lthium difluoro (sulfato) borate (LiBF2SO4) is a prospecting salt for electrolyte of lithium-ion batteries. The effect of LiBF2SO4 salt on conductivity, charge-discharge capacities, temperature performance, cycling life and storage life at 60 °C is investigated. In graphite half cells at 60 °C, LiBF2SO4-ethylene carbonate (EC)/ dimethyl carbonate (DMC) electrolyte favourably facilitates the formation of a thermal stable, effective and conductive interface film on the surface of carbonaceous anode. Besides, in LiCoO2 half cells at 60 °C, the electrolyte containing the novel salt exerts several advantages, such as stable cycling performance, and good capacity retention performance.
The Characteristics of Rock Thermal Conductivity of Coal Measure Strata and its Influence on Geothermal Field in Huainan-Huaibei Coalfield
Authors: Peng Tao , Zhang Hai Chao , Ren Zi Qiang , Shen Shu Hao
Published: June 2014

The rock thermal conductivity of coal measure strata in Huainan-Huaibei Coalfield ranges from 0.37 W/mK to 4.36W/mK and the average value is 2.54W/mK. The thermal conductivity closely relates to lithology,buried depth,stratigraphic age and density, the thermal conductivity of sandstone is generally greater than the one of mudstone and coal, and thermal conductivity and depth, density all show the positive correlation relationship; The differences of thermal conductivity of rocks have greater effects on the Geothermal field characteristics, unconsolidated layers and coal seams with poor heat conductivity tend to cause the abnormal ground temperature.
Effect of Si/Al2 Ratio on Catalytic Performance of HZSM-5 Zeolites for Conversion of Ethanol to Propylene
Authors: Xia Wei , Sun Qi , Liu Shang Wen , Qiang Lin Ping , Cui Yuan Cun
Published: June 2014

Ethanol has great potential to be a candidate for the source of light olefins such as ethylene and propylene. However, ethanol to olefin (ETO) process has not been fully investigated. In this work, the conversion of ethanol to propylene was investigated over H-ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts with different Si/Al2 ratios (80 and 280). Similar product distributions were obtained with the two catalysts at different contact times, and the turnover frequencies of the two catalysts were identical. These results strongly imply that the product distribution was independent of the Si/Al2 ratio and that the active site for conversion of ethanol to propylene was the identical for both catalysts.
Experimental Study on the Micro-Structure of the Coal Char at High Heating Rate and Elevated Pressures
Authors: Hao Tian Yi , Zhang Jian Sheng
Published: June 2014

In the process of pressurized coal gasification, coal particles experience rapid devolatilization to become chars, which react with H2O and CO2. The characteristics of the char play an important role in the gasification research. Hence acquisition of coal char fitting real situation is demanded. The article uses PDTF system to produce coal char at high heating rate under pressurized conditions, and char morphology and pore structure are analyzed.
A Modeling Study on the Nucleation, Growth and Coagulation of Soot Particles in Combustion Flame
Authors: Lv Jian Yi , Ren Xu Dan , Gao Jie
Published: June 2014

Soot, a crucial component of PM2.5 in the ambient air, is a prime product of incomplete combustion of fule. The present paper uses a series of models, including nucleation of soot precursors, surface growth of soot particles as well as particles coagulation, to do numerical simulation of soot particles formation mechanism over time in combustion flame, with the aid of MATLAB platform by C language. Simulation results indicate that the concentration distribution of soot precursors like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have direct effect on the concentration distribution of soot nuclei. Mass addition rate on soot particles surface rises over time since the enlargement of the surface area. In coagulation process, the number of small diameter particles decreases, while that of large diameter particles increases.
Adsorption Research of a Polymer on Oil Sands in Xinjiang Conglomerate Reservoir
Authors: Guo Ying , Liu Wei Dong , Xiu Jian Long , Sun Ling Hui
Published: June 2014

In the process of polymer flooding in porous media, polymer was detained because of interactions between surface adsorption and polymer molecules, and this could lead to negative effects on oil displacement. For polymer static adsorption in Xinjiang conglomerate reservoir, both of the HPLC analysis and Langmuir isothermal method were adopted to study on the rules. Results have showed that the adsorption process could be divided into 3 stages: rapid growth, slow growth and stable state. The adsorption of polymer KA on oil sands is in line with the Langmuir isotherm law. The adsorption amount is different for polymer KA on four types of oil sands. For equilibrium adsorption, the maximum value is from argillaceous sandstone, followed by conglomeratic sandstone. The third is argillaceous gravel, and the minimum is sand gravel. Adsorption equation analysis is consistent with the experimental principle statement.
Effects of Several Metals Species on Steam Gasification Behavior of Lignite from Inner Mongolia
Authors: Li Yang , Ban Yan Peng , Liu Quan Sheng , Zhang Meng , Zhi Ke Duan , Liu Yang , Wang Lei
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the catalytic effects of different metals in Shengli lignite on the char reactivity. The pyrolysis of Shengli lignite and various metal catalyst loaded coal was investigated in a small fixed-bed reactor, and the gasification activity with steam for different chars was compared as well. The results show that Fe, Ni, Ca and K could effectively lowering the gasification temperature, enhancing the gasification reactivity of SL char. Alkali (K) and alkaline earth (Ca) could be feasibly used as catalysis for the catalytic steam gasification at relatively low temperatures (550~700°C) to produce gases with high H2 (63.2~63.8 v%) and low CO (below 0.9%), and promoting the carbon-water reaction, the water-gas shift reaction to some extent.
Gas Desorption of Different Particle Size Coal under the Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation
Authors: Cheng De Zhu , Du Ai Ling , Jiang Shan Chao , Du Ai Qin
Published: June 2014

Many factors can influence coal gas desorption. In this paper, the impact of coal particle size on coal gas desorption under the effect of microwave radiation was mainly studied. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy and optical fiber sensor were used to on-line detect and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the desorbed gas. The analysis results of the infrared spectrogram showed that under the effect of electromagnetic radiation (2450Hz, 1.5μT), different particle sizes of coal sample could desorb gas which contained carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane. The comparison of gas content detected by optical fiber sensor indicated that coal particle sizes had a significant influence on coal gas desorption. When coal particle was between 100 and 200 meshes, the gas content reached up to 27.58 m3/t.
Electrochemical Impedance Characterization of Porous Aluminum Oxide after Different Stages of Two-Step Anodization
Authors: Wang Jing Zhe , Xu Chun Hua , Cao Wei , He Yan
Published: June 2014

In this paper, porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane was prepared with highly pure aluminum film in 0.3M oxalic acid under dc voltage of 40V at about 8°C by two-step anodization. The morphology of the specimens processed in different stages of two-step anodization was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The electrochemical behavior of the anodized aluminum after different stages of two-step anodization was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Different equivalent circuits were established to fit EIS experiment data, based on morphologies and structures of AAO during processing. The electrical elements in the equivalent circuits were used to explain experimental parameters.
Predicting the Power Load of EV in Public Transportation Sector Based on Fuzzy Clustering Analysis
Authors: Chen Jun , Guo Chun Lin , Chen Wen , Tang Zhe Ci , Li Zong Feng , Ou Qing Hai , Zhou Zi Guan , Zhen Yan
Published: June 2014

The electric demand of EV in the public transportation sector is increasingly important to the future city’s power distribution and even infrastructure construction. According to the characteristic of public transportation, this paper analyzed the influence factors of EV power load and they were divided into three parts. Then a predicting model of EV power load in public transportation based on fuzzy clustering analysis method was put forward. We used BP (Back Propagation) neural network algorithm to solve the fuzzy clustering analysis problem. Finally the predicting model was operated in a practical example. Results showed that this predicting model of EV power load in public transportation based on fuzzy clustering analysis could be appropriately applied in reality.
Deformation Analysis of Railway Continuous Curved Rigid Frame Bridges in Construction Control
Authors: Suo Wen Jia
Published: June 2014

To study the effects of deformation on bridges, the finite element analysis method was used. The railway   continuous curved rigid frame bridge has been taken into account. Both the deadweight, prestress, and creep of the concrete were used for comparative analysis about the effect on displacement and twisting angel, then some practical application conclusions were obtained. The maximum reaction values were produced in different sections under the extreme cantilever stage and the finished bridge stage. Futhermore, the study of structural spatial behaviors is of great importance.
A Tank Experimental Research on a Horizontal Wave Flow Turbine Generating Device
Authors: Tian Ka , Wang Shi Ming , Lv Chao
Published: June 2014

Used a new type horizontal wave flow turbine ocean energy device as a prototype for the tank experiment, theoretically analyzed the fluid dynamics and energy capacitation of its key component turbine. Through analyzing the data of the tank experimental of the key component turbine, we found the feasibility of this kind of power device. Besides, the experiment proved a particular characteristics of the turbine of maintaining the same rotational direction whatever the directions of the incoming flow of this kind of turbine. The feature of the turbine can eliminate the complicated steering mechanism, which helped the whole device with the advantage of simple structure. The tank experiment not only provided a practical foundation for optimizing the generating device, but also gave a reference method to solve the similar engineering problems.
Research on Electric Energy Efficiency Index Systems and Evaluation Method of Buildings
Authors: Yang Li Fang , Wang Feng Yu , Wu Mao Mao , Dong Gang
Published: June 2014

Under the circumstances of the increasing ratio of China’s building power consumption, the electric energy efficiency index systems of buildings is established based on the interpretative structure model in the paper, including energy-saving of equipment, power energy information, energy-saving of management and comprehensive power consumption information. Then the fuzzy comprehensive assessment method is used for evaluating the present power energy efficiency of buildings.
Differences of Philosophy and Culture between Chinese and Western Reflected in Construction
Authors: Zhao Zhi Qing , Tao Li
Published: June 2014

Globalization had the great influence on architectural culture. Rational and fighting spirit, the individual and subject consciousness, religion and willpower of Western culture were represented on buildings. And Confucianism and Taoism, with other various internal and foreign Buddhist, complement each other, became the main line of ancient China thought, were penetrated and cohered in all aspects of Chinese buildings. In the globalized world, the architect should explore the rational core and objective laws of architectural development, and consciously promote the continuous development of traditional regional architecture, activate special cultural value of regional architecture. Based on the absorption, blend and innovation of both ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign architectural excellence culture, the Chinese architectural culture will be full of vitality.
The New Vitality of Modern Concrete Constructions
Authors: Shi Tie Mao , Xu Dong Xu , Xi Feng Ming
Published: June 2014

The paper compared the differences between modern concrete and traditional concrete with a new perspective on concrete constructions. The renewability, building energy efficiency, ecological benefits and value of modern concrete constructions are analyzed. How the modern concrete changes the disadvantages was explained by case study and system analysis. The paper paid more attention to the relationship between the generation of architectural form and concrete building materials. The analysis showed that modern concrete was still a vital building material with the effect of carbon sequestration.
Simulation Analysis of Building Energy Consumption with Different Surface-Volume-Ratio and Envelop Performance of Rural Dwellings
Authors: Xiong Tian Yu , Fu Xiu Zhang , Dong Jian
Published: June 2014

Rural dwellings have a big difference in the appearance and envelope. Living form is changing a lot from detached house to the apartment in multi-story apartments. These changes affect building’s energy consumption consisting of heating and cooling. This paper focuses on the impact of the energy consumption affected by different surface volume ratios, simulation analysis showed a general argument of the difference. And for the same house type, this paper also compares the energy-saving effect of different envelop performances, Specific contents are the heat transfer coefficient and shading ways. Simulation results identified that SVR has influence on different types of houses, the energy consumption of row houses can be saved more than 30% compared with detached houses. Envelope performance also affects energy consumption and the national standard is recommended for the energy saving and the comfort.
Method of Determining the Length of Approach Slab for Highway Bridge
Authors: Wang Zhi Yuan , Zhang Hong , Wang Ya Jun
Published: June 2014

Approach slab is mainly used to slowdown or reduce uneven settlement of bridge heads as far as possible. Setting approach slab at back of bridges and culverts is an effective and necessary way to avoid faulting slab ends between abutment and road in high-grade highway. It has come into general application and achieved good results. But nowadays, approach slab is designed based on previous experience or being set a size parameter directly instead of being made a special design. Theory and experience that the design based on is unreasonable. Author confirm the need for setting approach slab and give the reference value about length of approach slab for different grade highway according to analysis and study on the forced state of the moving vehicles at highway-bridge junction with or without approach slab.
The Use of Wireless Systems and Assessment Models for the Sustainability of Intelligent Buildings
Authors: Si Yi Fang , Yu Jun Qi , Dang Bo , Huang Jian Heng
Published: June 2014

Sustainability assessment of intelligent buildings involves multiple indicators and parameters, multi-criteria decision-making and multiple variables model. In order to solve the problem: firstly, identify the key performance indicators of the sustainability related to intelligent buildings (environmental, social, economic and technological factors);optimize the selected indicators with both experts knowledge and measurable data; secondly, develop a new model for measuring the level of sustainability for intelligent buildings. The data acquisition of objective indicators for intelligent buildings is based upon the wireless wearable sensors networks, and the subjective indicators connected with expert experience derived through questionnaire surveys. Using a consensus-based model, which is analyzed by the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) for multi-criteria decision-making. Using the multi-attribute model based on structure entropy weight methodology and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation for priority and weight setting in the sustainability assessment is studied. It is concluded that the whole system not only acquires multiple data but also gets available and reliable assessment for the sustainability of intelligent buildings.
Experimental Study on Cellulose Hydrolysis Using Active Carbon-Based and Carbon Nanotube-Based Solid Acid Catalysts
Authors: Liu Yun , Zheng Zong Ming , Zhu Jin Qi
Published: June 2014

Three kinds of carbon-based solid acid catalysts were prepared to hydrolyze cellulose with activated carbon (AC) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as the carrier. The prepared solid acid catalysts were characterized by BET, SEM, XRD, FTIR and TG analysis. The catalytic activities of these prepared solid acid catalysts for heterogeneously catalyzed hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose were further investigated. The catalysts bearing hydroxyl, carboxyl and sulfonic groups is thermally stable. Due to the amorphous multi-layered structure and the large number of defected structure, AC-based solid acid bears more acid groups than the MWCNTs-based catalyst. which hence showing higher activity for the catalytic hydrolysis of cellulose. AC-based solid acid exihibited two-fold higher catalytic efficiency than that of the MWCNTs-based solid acid catalysts.
Numerical Study of Solid Biomass Fuel in a Gasifier System
Authors: Wang Ming Yung , Ma Hsiao Kang
Published: June 2014

In this study, the gasification processes of different Taiwan’s agriculture wastes were studied by using software of Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), which developed by American National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), to build a model of downdraft fixed bed gasifier. Details of the operation condition for the Taiwan’s agriculture waste biomass fuel in the gasifier were obtained. They include traction fan speed, leakage air, internal temperature, moisture, and cold gas efficiency. The simulated results are found in small type fixed bed biomass gasifier under traction fan initial speed is 0.2m/s, the leakage air in the gasification area is less than 10% of the amount of wind quantity by traction fan and moisture content of solid biomass is limited at 10% ~ 20%(vol.) that temperature in gasification zone with steady supply fuel gas condition is near 850~900°C.
Characteristic Research on CaO Sorption Enhanced Biomass Directional Entrained-Flow Gasification
Authors: Chen Chao , Zhou Jin Song , Xiang Yang Yang , Luo Zhong Yang
Published: June 2014

As the only renewable energy which can be converted into liquid fuels, biomass has developed various technologies of energy utilization. In order to adjust the syngas composition, increase the ratio of H2/CO and reduce CO2 content, this paper conducted biomass gasification experiment in an entrained flow bed on CaO sorption. The paper studied influence factors like the gasification temperature, ratio of CaO/B and gasification parameters, such as ratio of H2/CO, cold gas efficiency, cold gas yield or tar content in syngas. The result showed that raising gasification temperature or increasing added content of CaO which were beneficial to the improvement of H2 content. A maximum H2 output with a concentration of 62.7% and H2/CO ratio of 3.19 was achieved at CaO/C=1, H2O/B=0.3 and T=1100°C, meanwhile the cold gas efficiency was 86.07%, the cold gas yield reached 1.2Nm3/kg biomass, and the tar content was dropped to 314.6mg/Nm3.
Investigation on Pyrolysis Characteristic and Kinetic Analysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass Model Compound
Authors: Wu Zhi Qiang , Wang Shu Zhong , Zhao Jun , Chen Lin , Meng Hai Yu
Published: June 2014

Lignocellulosic biomass gasification is considered as one of the effective methods for transforming scattered biomass into heat, power and various chemicals. As a fundamental step for biomass gasification, pyrolysis has remarkable influence on products distribution and char reactivity during the further step. Further research on the pyrolysis process of lignocellulosic biomass is beneficial to optimize and promote the process of gasification. In this paper, pyrolysis characteristic of a kind of lignocellulosic biomass model compound (cellulose) was explored through thermogravimetric analyzer. The temperature was from 25 °C to 950 °C under various heating rates (10, 20, 40 °C·min-1) with nitrogen atmosphere. A three step selecting method for mechanism function was used to check out the optimum model from fifteen kinds of most frequently used mechanisms. The results indicated that under various heating rates, the optimum mechanism model for the cellulose in this paper was different. The values of activation energy and frequency factor for cellulose pyrolysis calculated by the three step method in this paper under 10, 20, 40 °C·min-1 were 245.95, 212.09 and 144.27 kJ·mol-1, 8.47E+17, 5.35E+18 and 1.20E+11 s-1, respectively.
Experimental Study on Combustion Characteristics of Three Biomass Components
Authors: Su Gui Qiu , Yang Jian , Lu Hong Bo
Published: June 2014

Experiments on combustion characteristics of cellulose, xylan and lignin have been done conducted on Pyris1 TGA thermograyimetric analyzer (PE/USA) at different heating rates. The results show that: combustion of cellulose was mainly concentrated in a low temperature range, xylan has two obvious weight loss peaks, while the lignin combustion mainly concentrated in a high temperature coke combustion process.
Study on an Improved Solar though Concentration PV/T System with an Extra Temperature Raising Stage
Authors: Tan Li Jun , Ji Xu , Li Ming , Wang Qiang , Luo Xi
Published: June 2014

This paper proposes “an improved solar though concentration PV/T system with an extra temperature raising stage”, which adds reheating stage on the basis of cogeneration to achieve high-quality power output and high-temperature thermal power output. Two systems have been established. Output characteristics of 1.8m2 cogeneration and 15m2 extra temperature raising stage system with different opening widths of mirror are tested respectively through experiment, as well as output performance of 30m2 extra temperature raising stage system.
Fuzzy PID Control and Simulation of Wind Power Generation Yaw System
Authors: Yang Fan , Yang Tong , Yang Xiao Hong
Published: June 2014

Aimed at the high inertia and non-linear characteristics of yaw system, a parameter self –tuning fuzzy PID controller is designed. The controller can adjust the PID parameters based on the wind direction variation, and make the turbines track the coming wind timely to obtain maximum power output. Simulation results show that the controller has good real-time performance and robustness compared with the traditional PID control. It can lower the fluctuation and overshoot, and improve the stability of the yaw system significantly.
Research on Control Strategy for Reactive Power and Voltage of Wind Farms with Doubly-Fed Induction Generators
Authors: Sheng Si Qing , Chen An
Published: June 2014

To solve the voltage stability issue caused by wind speed random and fluctuations and dynamic reactive power regulation of DFIG, a new coordinated control strategy is proposed. The scheme of switching of capacitor bank is pre-performed based on the predicted wind power, then based on the variety relation analysis between active power and reactive power of DFIG, by regulating the reactive power of wind farm in real time and determining reactive power output, it implement the reactive power and voltage control. Therefore, this improvement can enhance voltage quality and reduce capacitor responding times. The simulation of a practical example shows that the control strategy is effective and feasible.
Research of the Analysis Method on the Three Basics of the Wind Turbine Fatigue Loads
Authors: Wang Lei , Wu Fa Ming , Wang Dian
Published: June 2014

The research has identified turbulence intensity, annual wind speed and air density as the three basics of fatigue loads, in this paper, we call it three basics for short. This paper presents a method to analyze the three basics of the wind turbine fatigue loads. It explains the fatigue loads analysis idea and method of the three basics and it use the analysis method to research the extent of the influence by using a 1650kW wind turbine as an example. It can be seen from the results that the wind resources increase one classification, the influence of the turbulence intensity is the greatest, then the annual wind speed, finally the air density.
Software System Development of the Outer Rotor Permanent Magnet Generator Experimental Platform
Authors: Zhang Chun Yang , Wang Peng , Yang Zong Xiao
Published: June 2014

In order to show the performance of the outer rotor permanent magnet generator timely and accurately under different input parameters, we coupled two software of outer rotor permanent magnet generator experimental platform based on LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench)-Virtual torque and Three-phase electric parameter tester. Firstly, we picked up the DLL (Dynamic Link Library) of virtual torque and generated an excel file through VB (Visual Basic), through LabVIEW we picked up the excel form to acquire the system input parameters (torque and speed); Secondly, we collected the real-time parameters (voltage and current) of three-phase power meter by means of the LabVIEW serial communication; Lastly, we could see the efficiency of the outer rotor permanent magnet generator on the LabVIEW front panel. The experiment show that we can couple the input and output parameters of the system based on LabVIEW, and we can see the efficiency of the outer rotor permanent magnet generator under each fixed input parameters. This experiment avoid the tedious work that people deal with data, optimize the software system of outer rotor permanent magnet generator experimental platform, and provide the technical support for optimal design of permanent magnet generator.
Research on a New Method to Achieve LVRT for Wind Farms by Short-Circuit Test
Authors: Wang Gang , Dong He Nan , Sun Feng , Ge Yang Yang , Fu Yao
Published: June 2014

With global warming, more and more people begin to pay close attention to the development of new energy, especially wind power. To promote the healthy development of the wind power industry, countries are required to wind farms with a function of low voltage ride through. The research object of this paper is the capacity for 49.5MW wind farm, using German power system simulation software DIgSILENT/Power Factory to build wind farm model, proposed a new method to achieve LVRT for wind farms by short-circuit test. By comparing the simulation results with the test results, we can verify that the method can achieve the desired requirements.
Investigation on Influence of Solar Radiation on Performance of Solar Adsorption Refrigeration System
Authors: Song Xiang Bo , Ji Xu , Li Ming , Fan Jie Qing , Luo Bin , Luo Xi , Wang Yun Feng
Published: June 2014

This article conducts the research on the relationship between the solar radiation and the adsorption bed temperature, the adsorption bed pressure and the system performance, and obtains that the solar radiation indirectly influences the system refrigeration performance through influencing the adsorption bed temperature and adsorption bed pressure. And in a certain range, the bigger solar radiation is, the higher adsorption bed temperature is, the system refrigeration efficiency is higher, the maximum refrigeration efficiency is 0.122.
Design of Time-of-Use Model for Promoting Wind Power’s Penetration
Authors: Chen Lu , Yang Yong Biao , Huang Li
Published: June 2014

Considering wind power output characteristics, TOU model with frequency is proposed, in the form of “normal tariff plus frequency tariff”. Response mode and capacity is analyzed on the basis of consumer psychology. The numerical examples shows its effectiveness, that wind power output can be complemented by demand through tariff incentives, avoid abandoning the wind and reducing peak power difference.
The Sources and Control of Tritium in Molten Salt Reactor
Authors: Qiao Ya Hua , Liu Fu Dong , Zhang Chun Ming , Wang Liang
Published: June 2014

The fuel salt of molten salt reactor is comprised of LiF-BeF2-ThF4-UF4, which can produce more tritium than PWR. Since tritium is an important radioactive nuclide, and it would cause great damage to the reactor, the process to control tritium from fuel salt is a key point in the operation of molten salt reactor. In this article, the source and control of gaseous tritium is mainly discussed.
A Review on the Development of Tidal Energy in China
Authors: Cheng Xiao Qing , Zhang Xi , Yi Li Xin
Published: June 2014

The global economic and social developments depend largely on fossil fuels nowadays. To cope with energy crisis and environment problems caused by consumption of fossil fuels, the renewable energy exploitation is an alternative path. As one kind of renewable ocean energy which can be applied into production, tidal energy is mainly utilized in electricity generation. China has abundant tidal energy resource, which mainly distribute in the southeast coastal areas where power supply is insufficient. China's tidal power generation started in 1958, and some experience and technologies have been accumulated from the long-time history of tidal power station construction and operation. At present, China’s tidal energy’s development and utilization are still in low level, and remain plagued by several challenges, such as high cost, and insufficiency of preferential policies and regulations. While, China's tidal power generation must be very promising in the foreseeable future, with a great deal of attention paid to the utilization of renewable energy and the perception of sustainable development.
Protection of the Island Microgrid Based on Ocean Energy
Authors: Shi Peng Fei , Gu Yu Jiong , Zhang Wei Lin , Yang Kun
Published: June 2014

With the continuous development and utilization of Marine resources, the island’s developments get more and more attention of the state, however, the island's power supply is always a bottleneck restricting the development of its economy. Microgrid as a kind of effective supply and use of distributed generation of power system, provides an effective solution for remote island power supply. There is a big difference in output characteristic from the power system, for the distributed power mostly use power electronic interface, which provides barriers to the protection of microgrid. The paper first introduces the structure and control mode of island microgrid based on wave energy power and currents can power generation, energy storage power, then analyzes the fault characteristics of the microgrid under different control, lastly summarizes the existing two types of microgrid relay protection method: the traditional overcurrent protection method and digital network protection method based on the communication.
Research on Energy Storage Application of Wind Power
Authors: Zhang Yi Hui
Published: June 2014

With the rapid development of renewable energy technologies, wind power is playing a more and more important role. However the volatility and uncertainty of wind power has brought the grid great adverse effect and limited the range of application. In this paper, we come up with solutions of wind power integration problems according to the different energy storage capacity, charge discharge cycle characteristics. By combining wind power and energy storage technology, we can improve the efficiency and the range of utilization of wind power.
The Design of Monitoring System for Li-Ion Battery Formation Equipment
Authors: Yu Fa Shan , Liu Gen Feng , Zhang Hong Wei
Published: June 2014

Li-ion battery formation is to get a good performance of charging and discharging through a certain way. When the internal energy of the battery is discharging, it’s usually using resistance to consume energy. Owing to the present technical level and energy wasting of battery formation, a novel high-efficiency formation system was presented for Li-ion battery. The scheme is that its energy is feedback to grid through a bi-directional DC/DC converter topology and PWM Rectifier. In addition, this system uses CAN bus to communicate so to connect the whole system.
Application of Cold Water Cycle for Indoor Cooling System
Authors: Yu Xin Qi , Xu Zhi , Liu Qing Gang , Yuan Dong Dong , Yu Jia Hui
Published: June 2014

A small indoor cooling system through cold water circulation is introduced in this paper. The system mainly includes cooling pool, cold water circulation equipment, indoor heat exchanger, temperature measurement equipment and induction controlling equipment. The indoor cooling is achieved by heat transfer between the natural underground water of lower temperature and indoor air of higher temperature, and it is different from the traditional compression refrigeration system in which a great amount of electric energy is consumed while the refrigerant is compressed. Compared with the ordinary air conditioning system, this system has obvious advantages on economy, application potential and energy conservation in rural developing areas.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Study on the High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Qu Shu Guo , Li Jian Long
Published: June 2014

A two-dimensional non-isothermal steady state numerical model for high temperature polymer exchange membrane fuel cell based on Nafion212/SiO2 composite membrane was developed. Finite element method was used to solve electrochemical kinetics coupled with multi-component transport, flow, charge balance and energy conservation. The model-predicted fuel cell polarization curve was compared with published experimental result and a good agreement was found. The distributions of species and temperature in the fuel cell were predicted and the effects of the operational pressure and the porosity of gas diffusion layer on the performance of high temperature polymer exchange membrane were evaluated. A temperature rise of 5.8K was deserved when the operational pressure was 2atm, cathode relative humidity 59% and current density 500mA cm-2. The increasing of the operational pressure and the porosity of gas diffusion layer were found to be beneficial to the fuel cell performance.