bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Hedychium coccineum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. Essential Oils from Kumaun Hills of Uttarakhand
Authors: Arya Sushila , Kumar Ravendra , Prakash Om , Kumar Satya , Mahawer Sonu Kumar , Chamoli Shivangi , Kumar Piyush , Srivastava Ravi Mohan , de Oliveira Mozaniel Santana
Published: July 2022

Hedychium coccineum Buch. Ham. ex Sm. is a perennial rhizomatous herb belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. The aim of the present study was to compare the chemical composition and biological activities of H. coccineum rhizome essential oil (HCCRO) and H. coccineum aerial part essential oil (HCCAO). The plant material was subjected to hydro-distillation using Clevenger’s apparatus in order to obtain volatile oil and analyzed for its chemical constituents using GC-MS. The comparative study of the rhizome and aerial part essential oils of H. coccineum displayed that (E)-nerolidol (15.9%), bornyl acetate (13.95%), davanone B (10.9%), spathulenol (8.9%), and 1, 8-cineol (8.5%) contributed majorly to the HCCRO, while 7-hydroxyfarnesen (15.5%), α-farnesene (11.1%), α-pinene (10.9%), spathulenol (7.7%), and β-pinene (6.8%) were present as major constituents in the HCCAO. Both the essential oils were studied for their biological activities, such as nematicidal, insecticidal, herbicidal, antifungal, and antibacterial activities. The essential oils exhibited significant nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita, insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura, and moderate herbicidal activity against R. raphanistrum sub sp. sativus, and good antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Curvularialunata. Essential oils were also tested for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. Both oils showed good to moderate activity against the tested pathogens. The significant nematicidal, insecticidal, herbicidal, antifungal, and antibacterial activities of both the essential oils might be helpful for the development of environmentally friendly pesticides that could be an alternative to synthetic pesticides in the future.
Pinus mugo Essential Oil Impairs STAT3 Activation through Oxidative Stress and Induces Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Thalappil Muhammed Ashiq , Butturini Elena , Carcereri de Prati Alessandra , Bettin Ilaria , Antonini Lorenzo , Sapienza Filippo Umberto , Garzoli Stefania , Ragno Rino , Mariotto Sofia
Published: July 2022

Essential oils (EOs) and their components have been reported to possess anticancer properties and to increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy. The aim of this work was to select EOs able to downregulate STAT3 signaling using Western blot and RT-PCR analyses. The molecular mechanism of anti-STAT3 activity was evaluated through spectrophotometric and fluorometric analyses, and the biological effect of STAT3 inhibition was analyzed by flow cytometry and wound healing assay. Herein, Pinus mugo EO (PMEO) is identified as an inhibitor of constitutive STAT3 phosphorylation in human prostate cancer cells, DU145. The down-modulation of the STAT3 signaling cascade decreased the expression of anti-proliferative as well as anti-apoptotic genes and proteins, leading to the inhibition of cell migration and apoptotic cell death. PMEO treatment induced a rapid drop in glutathione (GSH) levels and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration, resulting in mild oxidative stress. Pretreatment of cells with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), a cell-permeable ROS scavenger, reverted the inhibitory action of PMEO on STAT3 phosphorylation. Moreover, combination therapy revealed that PMEO treatment displayed synergism with cisplatin in inducing the cytotoxic effect. Overall, our data highlight the importance of STAT3 signaling in PMEO cytotoxic activity, as well as the possibility of developing adjuvant therapy or sensitizing cancer cells to conventional chemotherapy.
The Effect of Copper Salts on Bioactive Compounds and Ultrastructure of Wheat Plants
Authors: Culicov Otilia , Stegarescu Adina , Soran Maria-Loredana , Lung Ildiko , Opriș Ocsana , Ciorîță Alexandra , Nekhoroshkov Pavel
Published: July 2022

Abiotic stress agents, among them metal stress, can cause oxidative damage to plant cells. In defense, plants can increase the production of secondary metabolites in order to mitigate the harmful effects caused by them. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of two types of copper salts (CuSO4 and Cu(NO3)2), added in two different amounts in soil (150 mg/kg, respectively 300 mg/kg), on assimilating pigments, total polyphenols, antioxidant activity and the elemental composition of wheat. The obtained results were compared with those from control plants grown in the same conditions but without copper salts. The amount of assimilating pigments, total polyphenols, and antioxidant activity respectively increases or decreases in the plants treated with copper salts compared to the control depending on the stage of development of the plant. No significant damage induced in the leaves of the wheat plants treated with the selected salts was observed following the TEM analysis. In six-week-old plants it was observed by EDX analysis that the salts are transformed into nanoparticles. The bioactive compounds, elemental composition and their interaction is influenced by concentration of metal’s salt, type of salt and exposure period.
Advances on Therapeutic Strategies for Alzheimer’s Disease: From Medicinal Plant to Nanotechnology
Authors: Hassan Nasser A. , Alshamari Asma K. , Hassan Allam A. , Elharrif Mohamed G. , Alhajri Abdullah M. , Sattam Mohammed , Khattab Reham R.
Published: July 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic dysfunction of neurons in the brain leading to dementia. It is characterized by gradual mental failure, abnormal cognitive functioning, personality changes, diminished verbal fluency, and speech impairment. It is caused by neuronal injury in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal area of the brain. The number of individuals with AD is growing at a quick rate. The pathology behind AD is the progress of intraneuronal fibrillary tangles, accumulation of amyloid plaque, loss of cholinergic neurons, and decrease in choline acetyltransferase. Unfortunately, AD cannot be cured, but its progression can be delayed. Various FDA-approved inhibitors of cholinesterase enzyme such as rivastigmine, galantamine, donepezil, and NDMA receptor inhibitors (memantine), are available to manage the symptoms of AD. An exhaustive literature survey was carried out using SciFinder’s reports from Alzheimer’s Association, PubMed, and Clinical Trials.org. The literature was explored thoroughly to obtain information on the various available strategies to prevent AD. In the context of the present scenario, several strategies are being tried including the clinical trials for the treatment of AD. We have discussed pathophysiology, various targets, FDA-approved drugs, and various drugs in clinical trials against AD. The goal of this study is to shed light on current developments and treatment options, utilizing phytopharmaceuticals, nanomedicines, nutraceuticals, and gene therapy.
Microporous Activated Carbon from Pisum sativum Pods Using Various Activation Methods and Tested for Adsorption of Acid Orange 7 Dye from Water
Authors: El-Nemr Mohamed A. , El Nemr Ahmed , Hassaan Mohamed A. , Ragab Safaa , Tedone Luigi , De Mastro Giuseppe , Pantaleo Antonio
Published: July 2022

This work demonstrates the preparation of high-surface-area activated carbon (AC) from Pisum sativum pods using ZnCl2 and KOH as activating agents. The influence of CO2 and N2 gases during the carbonization process on the porosity of AC were studied. The highest specific surface area of AC was estimated at 1300 to 1500 m2/g, which presented characteristics of microporous materials. SEM micrographs revealed that chemical activation using an impregnation reagent ZnCl2 increases the porosity of the AC, which in turn leads to an increase in the surface area, and the SEM image showed that particle size diameter ranged between 48.88 and 69.95 nm. The performance of prepared AC for adsorption of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) dye was tested. The results showed that the adsorption percentage by AC (2.5 g/L) was equal to 94.76% after just 15 min, and the percentage of removal increased to be ~100% after 60 min. The maximum adsorption capacity was 473.93 mg g−1. A Langmuir model (LM) shows the best-fitted equilibrium isotherm, and the kinetic data fitted better to the pseudo-second-order and Film diffusion models. The removal of AO7 dye using AC from Pisum sativum pods was optimized using a response factor model (RSM), and the results were reported.
Biological and Cosmetical Importance of Fermented Raw Materials: An Overview
Authors: Majchrzak Weronika , Motyl Ilona , Śmigielski Krzysztof
Published: July 2022

The cosmetics industry is currently looking for innovative ingredients with higher bioactivity and bioavailability for the masses of natural and organic cosmetics. Bioferments are innovative ingredients extracted from natural raw materials by carrying out a fermentation process with appropriate strains of microorganisms. The review was conducted using the SciFinder database with the keywords “fermented plant”, “cosmetics”, and “fermentation”. Mainly bioferments are made from plant-based raw materials. The review covers a wide range of fermented raw materials, from waste materials (whey with beet pulp) to plant oils (F-Shiunko, F-Artemisia, F-Glycyrrhiza). The spectrum of applications for bioferments is broad and includes properties such as skin whitening, antioxidant properties (blackberry, soybean, goji berry), anti-aging (red ginseng, black ginseng, Citrus unshiu peel), hydrating, and anti-allergic (aloe vera, skimmed milk). Fermentation increases the biochemical and physiological activity of the substrate by converting high-molecular compounds into low-molecular structures, making fermented raw materials more compatible compared to unfermented raw materials.
The Chilean Diet: Is It Sustainable?
Authors: Gormaz Teresita , Cortés Sandra , Tiboni-Oschilewski Ornella , Weisstaub Gerardo
Published: July 2022

Food systems are one of the main contributors to climate change. Sustainable diets are one strategy to mitigate climate change. Assessments and estimations at a national level are lacking, especially in the Global South, probably due to a lack of national surveys of food consumption and a limited interest in sustainable diets information. The objective of this study is to estimate and describe the carbon and water footprint of the Chilean population’s diet in an overall estimation desegregated by region, age, sex, socioeconomic level and their main characterizations. This study is based on a secondary data analysis from the National Survey of Food Consumption made in 2010. The carbon and water footprint of the food subgroups/person/day were estimated. The results are compared by sex, age group, socioeconomic level, and macro zone. A carbon footprint of 4.67 kg CO2eq and a water footprint of 4177 L, both per person/day, were obtained. Animal-sourced foods, such as dairy and red meat, were responsible for 60.5% of the total carbon footprint and 52.6% of the water footprint. The highest values for both footprints were found in the following groups: men, adolescents, young adults, people with a higher socioeconomic level, and residents in the southern area of the country. The carbon footprint and water footprint values in Chile generated by food consumption would be above the world averages. Transforming the Chilean food system into a more sustainable one with changes in eating patterns is urgently required to attain this transformation.
Experimental Research and Practice of Mineral Separation from Flotation Tailings Based on Self-Spinning Hydrocyclones
Authors: Zhou Wei , Wang Shujie , Cai Chuanchuan , Liu Liangliang , Zhu Jinbo
Published: July 2022

The high-ash tailings produced by flotation contains a large number of minerals that can be recycled. However, as the separation and purification technology for flotation tailings is not mature and separation efficiencies are low, it is generally treated as separation waste, resulting in the waste of mineral resources. In view of this phenomenon, the particle size composition and density composition of high-ash minerals in flotation tailings of coal slime as well as the type and content of mineral elements were measured. It was determined that the main mineral composition is quartz, and there is also a certain amount of chlorite (silicate mineral). A self-spinning hydrocyclone used for flotation tailings separation and purification was designed, and numerical simulation was carried out by fluent software. The internal flow field-, tangential velocity-, and axial velocity-distribution characteristics of the hydrocyclone at different rotational speeds were investigated. The physical model of the hydrocyclone was set up and the separation efficiency improvement test of fine particles was carried out. The results show that the overflow yield of −0.045 mm particles increased gradually with the increase in cylinder rotation speed. When the rotation speed increased to 900 r/min, the overflow yield of −0.045 mm particles can reach more than 90%, which can effectively realize the material classification according to 0.045 mm.
Use of Trochodendron Aralioides Extract as Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in 1M HCl Solutions
Authors: Baskar Prabu , Rathinapriya Periyasamy , Prabakaran Mayakrishnan
Published: July 2022

Recently, there is an interesting discussion that has transpired around the world about the usage of plant extracts as corrosion inhibitors. We report that to control corrosion in mild steel (MS) specimens in a 1M HCl medium, Trochodendron aralioides (T. aralioides) extract was used as an economical green corrosion inhibitor. The various tests, namely, potentiodynamic polarization, weight loss measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed to analyze the inhibition efficiency (IE) of the extract. The highest IE value of 96.42% was seen at 250 ppm, with the IE% increasing as the extract concentration increased. Potentiodynamic polarization suggests that T. aralioides plant extract acts as a mixed-type inhibitor. UV–visible (UV–Vis) and FT-IR spectroscopy were performed with the inhibitor to study the adsorption mechanism and surface analysis of the specimen, respectively. The results revealed that plant extracts form a protective film on the surface of the specimens, increasing inhibition and thereby reducing corrosion. Surface morphological studies such as AFM, EDX and SEM tests were performed in the presence and absence of the inhibitor with the results being analyzed by observing the surface of the metal.
Topology-Based Initialization for the Optimization-Based Design of Heteroazeotropic Distillation Processes
Authors: Kruber Kai Fabian , Skiborowski Mirko
Published: July 2022

Distillation-based separation processes, such as extractive or heteroazeotropic distillation, present important processes for separating azeotropic mixtures in the chemical and biochemical industry. However, heteroazeotropic distillation has received much less attention than extractive distillation, which can be attributed to multiple reasons. The phase equilibrium calculations require a correct evaluation of phase stability, while the topology of the heterogeneous mixtures is generally more complex, comprising multiple azeotropes and distillation regions, resulting in an increased modeling complexity. Due to the integration of distillation columns and a decanter, even the simulation of these processes is considered more challenging, while an optimal process design should include the selection of a suitable solvent, considering the performance of the integrated hybrid process. Yet, the intricate mixture topologies largely impede the use of simplified criteria for solvent selection. To overcome these limitations and allow for a process-based screening of potential solvents, the current work presents a topology-based initialization and optimization approach for designing heteroazeotropic distillation processes. The systematic initialization enables an efficient evaluation of different solvents with different mixture topologies, which is further exploited for optimization-based sensitivity analysis and multi-objective optimization. Three case studies are analyzed with about 170 individually optimized process designs, including stage numbers, feed locations, phase ratios, and heat duties.
Study on Gaseous Chlorobenzene Treatment by a Bio-Trickling Filter: Degradation Mechanism and Microbial Community
Authors: Liu Nan , Lv Jia-Lin , Cai Ya-Lan , Yao Yan-Yan , Zhang Ke , Ma Chuang , Li Ji-Xiang , Ren Xiang-Yu , Hu Jia-Jun , Zhao Ji-Hong
Published: July 2022

Large-flow waste gas generated from the pharmaceutical and chemical industry usually contains low concentrations of VOCs (volatile organic compounds), and it is also the key factor that presents challenges in terms of disposal. To date, due to the limitations of mass transfer rate and microbial degradation ability, the degradation performance of VOCs using the biological method has not been ideal. Therefore, in this study, the sludge from a chlorobenzene-containing wastewater treatment plant was inoculated into our experimental bio-trickling filter (BTF) to explore the feasibility of domestication and degradation of gaseous chlorobenzene by highly active microorganisms. The kinetics of its mass transfer reaction and microbial community dynamics were also discussed. Moreover, the main process parameters of BTF for chlorobenzene degradation were optimized. The results showed that the degradation effect of chlorobenzene reached more than 85% at an inlet concentration of chlorobenzene 700 mg·m−3, oxygen concentration of 10%, and an empty bed retention time (EBRT) of 80 s. The mass transfer kinetic analysis indicated that the process of chlorobenzene degradation in the BTF occurred between the zero-stage reaction and the first-stage reaction. This BTF contributed significantly to the biodegradability of chlorobenzene, overcoming the limitation of gas-to-liquid/solid mass transfer of chlorobenzene. The analysis of the species diversity showed that Thermomonas, Petrimona, Comana, and Ottowia were typical organic-matter-degrading bacteria that degraded chlorobenzene efficiently with xylene present.
The Positive and Negative Synergistic Airflow-Type Jujube Fruit Harvester (P-N JH)
Authors: Xu Hongzhen , Hua Yong , He Jie , Chen Qingli
Published: July 2022

Low operation efficiency and poor working performance are the main reasons that restrict the application of pneumatic date pickers. In this study, it is proposed to use positive pressure air flow blowing and negative pressure air flow suction to pick jujube fruit and to use inertia air flow to remove impurities and design a positive and negative collaborative air flow type date fruit harvester (P-N JH). The second-order regression model of test factors and response indexes was established by using the central composite design method, and the operating performance of P-N JH was evaluated and comprehensively optimized, and the optimal combination of operating parameters was obtained: positive pressure wind speed, negative pressure wind speed, and travel speed were 16.8 m·s−1, 34.0 m·s−1, and 1.5 m·s−1, respectively. In addition, the verification test results show that the pickup rate, impurity rate, damage rate, and operating efficiency are 97.21%, 2.15%, 1.08%, and 2170 kg/h, respectively. The operating performance of P-N JH not only meets the requirements of jujube picking but also significantly improves the operating efficiency compared with the traditional air-suction jujube harvester. This study can provide theoretical and technical reference for the harvesting of air-suctioned dates; it also provides a new way of thinking for jujube fruit picking.
Li/Na Ion Storage Performance of a FeOF Nano Rod with Controllable Morphology
Authors: Li Linhua , Xiang Liangshun , Lin Yan , Chen Lei , Guo Renqing , Cao Yiqi , Huang Xiaohua , Wu Jianbo
Published: July 2022

Although the conversion material iron oxyfluoride (FeOF) possesses a high theoretical specific capacity as a cathode material for Li/Na ion batteries, its poor rate and cycling performances, caused mainly by sluggish (Li+/Na+) reaction kinetics, restrict its practical application. Herein, FeOF with high purity, a fusiform nanorod shape and high crystallinity is prepared through a facile chemical solution reaction. The electrochemical measurements show that the present FeOF exhibits high capacity and good cycling stability as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries. Capacities of 301, 274, 249, 222, and 194 mAh/g at stepwise current densities of 20, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mA/g are achieved, respectively. Additionally, the capacity at 100 mA/g retains 123 mAh/g after 140 cycles. Meanwhile, as a cathode material for Na ion battery, it delivers discharge capacities of 185, 167, 151, 134 and 115 mAh/g at stepwise current densities of 20, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mA/g, respectively. A discharge capacity of 83 mAh/g at 100 mA/g is achieved after 140 cycles. The excellent lithium/sodium-storage performance of the present FeOF material is ascribed to its unique nanostructure.
Influence of Guide Vane Profile Change on Draft Tube Flow Characteristics of Water Pump Turbine
Authors: Li Qifei , Xin Lu , Xie Gengda , Liu Siqi , Wang Qifan
Published: July 2022

In order to study the influence of the change of the guide vane airfoil on the flow characteristics in the draft tube of a reversible hydraulic turbine, a reversible hydraulic turbine was used as the object of study, and the effect of the change on the flow pattern, energy loss, and pressure pulsation in the draft tube area was studied based on the SST k-ω turbulence model. The results show that under low flow conditions, the modified movable guide vane directly affects the direction and speed of water entering the draft tube, reduces the density of vortex in the draft tube area, reduces the impact on the near wall of the draft tube during the rotation of the vortex belt, and improves the stability of the unit operation. The turbulent energy comparison graph shows that the energy loss in the bent elbow section and the diffusion section of the draft tube is reduced, and the energy return coefficient of the draft tube is improved by calculating that the energy recovery level of the draft tube is improved under different operating conditions. A comparative analysis of the pressure pulsation in the draft tube area before and after the modification in combination with the development of the vortex belt shows that the modified movable guide vane effectively reduces the vibration intensity in the draft tube area and improves the stable operation threshold of the unit.
Ceratozamia schiblii (Zamiaceae): A New Cycad Species from the Eastern Mountains of Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Pérez-Farrera Miguel Angel , Gutiérrez-Ortega José Said , Gregory Timothy J. , Chemnick Jeffrey , Salas-Morales Silvia , Calonje Michael , Díaz-Jiménez Pedro
Published: July 2022

Ceratozamia schiblii (Zamiaceae), a new species endemic to the highlands of eastern Oaxaca, Mexico, is described. The new species is part of the C. robusta species complex, which is a group of closely related species with very similar morphology. Among them, the new species can be distinguished by its brown leaflets in emerging leaves, a very long peduncle in seed cones, and the green color of mature pollen cones. Compared with the other species in the C. robusta species complex, C. schiblii has one of the longest rachides, and the highest number of leaflet pairs. The recognition of C. schiblii apparently resolves the total number of species within the C. robusta species complex. The region where C. schiblii populations occur coincides with the Neogene refugia areas of the Neotropical flora, which adds evidence to the importance of the mountain systems from Oaxaca and Chiapas, Mexico, in the diversification history of cycads.
Detection of Morphine and Opioids in Fingernails: Immunohistochemical Analysis and Confirmation with Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Scendoni Roberto , Bury Emanuele , Buratti Erika , Froldi Rino , Cippitelli Marta , Mietti Gianmario , Cingolani Mariano
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to investigate the detection of morphine in fingernails from forensic autopsies using immunohistochemistry (IHC), with confirmation by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). A primary antibody specific to morphine and a secondary antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used. IHC on specimens of Subjects A and B (both drug addicts) resulted in the detection of morphine on a cell layer of the nail plate matrix. UHPLC-HRMS and GC-MS analysis showed that Subject A had a morphine concentration of 0.35 ng/mg in the fingernail and 472 ng/mL in the blood, while Subject B reached 1.23 ng/mg in the fingernail and 360 ng/ml in the blood. Most of those matrices were positive for codeine, methadone, EDDP, and 6-MAM. The use of IHC in Subject C (a former addict) showed no positivity for morphine in the fingernail, while the UHPLC-HRMS analysis confirmed its absence in the fingernail and blood. Additionally, an analysis of the scalp or pubic hair of the subjects was carried out using UHPLC-HRMS. The results suggest that IHC can be used to establish the site of accumulation of morphine in the nail matrix; for postmortem diagnosis; and that basic substances can be detected by UHPLC-HRMS. There are no previous studies on the use of IHC as a technique for forensic purposes in unconventional matrices, such as nails.
Toxicity Assessment and Treatment Options of Diclofenac and Triclosan Dissolved in Water
Authors: Wimmerova Lenka , Solcova Olga , Spacilova Marketa , Cehajic Nadija , Krejcikova Simona , Marsik Petr
Published: July 2022

The presence of pharmaceutical and personal care products in water is increasing tremendously nowadays. Typical representatives are diclofenac (DCF) and triclosan (TCS). Acute toxicity of these substances was experimentally assessed using the freshwater algae Raphidocelis subcapitata (living, immobilized). The IC50 achieved for R. subcapitata was 177.7–189.1 mg·L−1 for DCF and 5.4–17.2 µg·L−1 for TCS, whereas, regarding DCF, the results corresponded to the values observed by other authors. Concerning TCS, the results were lower than predicted and indicated TCSs’ higher toxicity. The immobilized R. subcapitata showed comparable results with its living culture for DCF only. Regarding K2Cr2O7 and TCS, the immobilized alga was more sensitive. The DCF and TCF removal from water was tested by sorption, photocatalytic and photolytic processes. TiO2 was used as a photocatalyst. Norit and SuperSorbon were used as sorbents based on activated charcoal. The DCF decomposition achieved by both photo-processes was very fast. The starting concentration fell below the detection limit in less than one minute, while bioluminescence on Aliivibrio fischeri showed no toxic intermediates formed only in the case of photocatalysis. DCF and TCS removals by sorption were significantly faster on Norit than SuperSorbon, while the bioluminescence inhibition remained insignificant.
Effects of Discarded Masks on the Offshore Microorganisms during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Liao Jinlan , Ji Shouping , Chi Yulang
Published: July 2022

Numerous disposable plastic masks had been produced and used for preventing the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic effectively. Discarded masks are a potential source of microplastic pollution in marine ecosystems. The effect of discarded masks on offshore microorganisms is still unclear. Herein, we profiled the interaction between the microplastics released by discarded masks and marine microbes. The effects of mask quantity, time, and environment on the microplastic-related communities were determined. We characterized the bacterial communities of each group using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic sequencing and correlated the community diversity to the physicochemical properties of seawater. We found that the diversity and richness of microflora on the surface of microplastics with different quantity and time varied significantly. Proteobacteria are the main bacteria on microplastics, and the KEGG metabolic pathway prediction shows that amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were abundant. In addition, there was a correlation between bacterial communities and Antibiotic Resistance Ontology (ARO). We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques to evaluate the plastic polymer characteristics of disposable medical masks. Our research shows that disposable medical masks immersed in seawater can alter the microbial community. This study provides the most recent data and insights into the contamination of discarded masks in the marine environment.
Prospects for the Cortexin application
Authors:   FSAEI HE Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Koshmanova A. N. , Maksimov M. L. ,   FSAEI HE Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow
Published: July 2022

Cortexin is a multicomponent preparation containing low-molecular-weight neuropeptides (complex of L-amino- and ribonucleic acids), vitamins and microelements. It belongs to the group of nootropic drugs and contributes to the activation of the higher brain activity, restoration of cognitive functions, reduction of neurological deficits, and the increase in brain resistance to aggressive factors. In addition to Cortexin, nootropics include: piracetam, cerebrolysin, citicoline, mexidol and many others. There are data indicating the high efficiency of Cortexin in the treatment of ischemic strokes, diseases accompanied by cognitive impairment, epilepsy, etc. [1, 2]. Due to the fact that today the number of diseases that affect brain function is steadily growing (hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes, encephalopathies, epilepsy, encephalitis, and so on), the study of the effects of Cortexin as one of the promising nootropics and the description of the features of its use are crucial.
Male menopause: impact on hemostasis and treatment
Authors:   FSAEI HE Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Bulgakov M. A.
Published: July 2022

Andropause, which is analogous to menopause in women, on average occurs at the age of 45–50 years in men. It is at this age that the increase in the likelihood of developing thrombosis and thromboembolism in males occurs. Nowadays, there is a large number of ways to restore testosterone levels, which will allow avoiding increased blood clots. The aim of the work was to consider the effects of testosterone on the hemostasis system, possible treatment options for male menopause, as well as the main side effects that occur during treatment with testosteronepreparations.
Early recovery period of patients after the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19: somatic and psychopatological symptoms
Authors:   FSBEI CPE RMACPE of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Maksimov M. L. ,   FSAEI HE Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Zvegintseva A. A. ,   KSMA — branch of the FSBEI CPE RMACPE of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Kazan;  SAHI Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan
Published: July 2022

After the first cases of COVID-19 were identified, the symptoms in these patients were found to persist for several weeks after the acute infection. Soon, in the spring of 2020, a post-COVID syndrome was described. Mild to moderate COVID-19 lasts for about two weeks in most people. But for others, health problems persist even after patients have recovered from the acute phase of the disease. These patients no longer have live coronavirus in their bodies. When examining such a patient, the test for coronavirus will be negative, but the patient can be seriously weakened, with reduced quality of life and working capacity. These symptoms have several names. In international terminology, there is a term PASC, literally post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2. More common terms are post-COVID or post-COVID syndrome, long-term COVID or long COVID.
Determination of the efficacy of oncolytic viruses in combination with autophagy inducers to potentize cancer cell death
Authors:   FSAEI HE Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Kench U.S. , Spirin P.V. ,   FSBSI Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, RAS, Sologova S.S. ,   FSAEI HE Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow
Published: July 2022

Purpose of the study: to determine and analyze the possibility of potentiation of virotherapy by combination with autophagy inducers.
Respiratory support for patients of the outpatient palliative care department for oncological patients of the Samara regional clinical oncological center.
Authors:   Samara Regional Clinical Oncology Center, Badretdinova G. R. , Pyatikop V. M. ,   Samara Regional Clinical Oncology Center
Published: July 2022

The article reflects the importance of respiratory support at home for patients of the outpatient palliative care department for oncological patients of the Samara Regional Clinical Oncology Center.
Innovative educational technologies for specialists of practical health care
Authors:   FSBEI HE «Samara State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, 443099, Samara, Russia, Bessonova T. V. , Karaseva L. A. ,   FSBEI HE «Samara State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, 443099, Samara, Russia
Published: July 2022

Achieving the quality of medical care is one of the priorities for improving and developing the national healthcare system. The professional competencies of medical workers are constantly updated, comprehended and implemented. Due to the challenges of the time, nursing professionals have to adapt to gain knowledge and skills in new forms of training. Educational organizations direct their efforts to organizing and conducting training for practical healthcare professionals in accordance with modern technologies.
First medical and pre-medical aid for insect bites
Authors:   FSBEI HE «Volgograd State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Skvortsov V. V.
Published: July 2022

Insect bites are common and usually do not require specialized treatment. With the advent of the summer period, the number of cases of mosquito, bee, bedbug, lice and flea bites increases, and more and more people complain of local reactions in the form of itching and urticaria. Skin manifestations of allergies are often caused not by the bite itself, but by various enzymes that are contained in the saliva of the insect.
Features of the manifestation of the COVID-19 epidemic process among employees of a large closed specialized hospital
Authors:   I. I. Mechnikov Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums, Moscow, Russia, Kaira A. N. , Murzina A. A. ,   I. I. Mechnikov Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums, Moscow, Russia, Svitich O. A. ,   I. I. Mechnikov Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums, Moscow, Russia, Kalnin I. B. ,   I. I. Mechnikov Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2022

The article presents the features of the epidemiological process of COVID-19 among medical workers of a closed specialized psychiatric hospital. The analysis of the incidence of COVID-19 employees for 2020–2021 was carried out, a laboratory study of blood sera of 310 individuals for class G antibodies to NC (nucleocapsid protein) SARS-CoV-2, twice vaccinated against COVID-19 with the Sputnik V vaccine. The data obtained showed that the true incidence of COVID-19 exceeds the official one. The seasonality of the disease is noted. There were no significant differences in morbidity between men and women. In the age structure of those who were ill and identified with positive IgG antibodies to nucleocapsid (NC)protein, persons aged 40 to 60 and older prevailed — 77.7 %. On a professional basis, the largest proportion of those who were ill and identified with positive results was noted among the middle and junior medical personnel — 50.7 % and 31.6 %, respectively. A laboratory study of the employees’ blood serums showed that IgG to RBD Spike SARS-CoV-2 over 300 IU/ml was detected only in 11.6. At the same time, 88.9 % of them have hybrid immunity formed after vaccination and illness.
On the dynamics and typology of religiosity
Authors:   Perm State Institute of Culture, Pismanik M.G.
Published: July 2022

The article analyzes the individual components of the dynamics of religiosity in post-Soviet culture, outlines the modern types of attitude of Russians to religion, characterizes the phenomenon of non-confessional faith.
The origin of spiritual education in modern Russia
Authors:   Sevastopol State University, Savushkin S.P.
Published: July 2022

This article looks at the process of establishing spiritual education. The need for spiritual education to form the moral guidelines of modern society is proved. The place of religious and theological disciplines in the general education system is designated. Legislation regulating religious education is being studied. The reasons for the opposition to the consolidating efforts of the Russian Orthodox Church are indicated. The emphasis is on the need to educate a thinking citizen. Which, in turn, is an obstacle to the emergence of totalitarian control systems, as well as control systems from outside.
Prerequisites for the expansion of the range of golden grey mullet Chelon auratus (Risso, 1810) in the conditions of inconstancy of the salt regime of the northern part of the Caspian Sea
Authors:   Volga-Caspian Branch of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (KaspNIRKh), Russia, Astrakhan, Gavrilova D.A. , Lardygina E.G. ,   Volga-Caspian Branch of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (KaspNIRKh), Russia, Astrakhan, Barabanov V.V. ,   Volga-Caspian Branch of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (KaspNIRKh), Russia, Astrakhan
Published: July 2022

In the Caspian Sea, as in any natural body of water, the distribution and dynamics of the number of fish, including mullet, is due to the combined influence of environmental factors. In the present period of regression of the sea and changes in the level of runoff of the Volga River, salinity plays an important role in the life cycle of all representatives of the ichthyofauna. The article is devoted to the topical issue of the impact of the salt regime on the spatial and quantitative characteristics of the mullet population. The distribution and its relative abundance in 2016 and 2019 observations are presented. The distribution areas are mapped with a detailed description of the features of the formation of concentrations during two contrasting periods: desalination and salinization of the sea. Analyzing the data of trawl catches, it was found that in 2016, when the powerful Volga runoff led to the expansion of desalination zones, the average catch of mullet was 7 copies/an hour of trawling. It is noteworthy that this indicator has grown to 11 copies/an hour of trawling, during the salinization of the Northern Caspian in low-water 2019 Graphical data confirming the presence of a direct correlation between the relative abundance of mullet and increasing salinity gradients are presented. It is shown that for two years the value of the correlation coefficient was 0.74–0.76. Mullet was caught in areas with salinity from 2 to 17%. It was found that the majority of concentrations (68–74%) were formed in marine waters from 8%. In conclusion, it is concluded that the increase in salinity indicators of the northern part of the Caspian Sea has a positive effect on the expansion of the range of mullet.
Features of integration processes in the fi eld of additional professional education of personnel of the agro-industrial complex in the Union state
Authors:   Russian Academy Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Dolgushkin N. K. , Shestopalova E. V. ,   Russian Academy Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Novikov V. G. ,   Russian Academy of Personnel Support of the Agro-Industrial Complex, Moscow, Mozhaev E. E. ,   Russian Academy of Personnel Support of the Agro-Industrial Complex, Moscow, Shaitan B. I. ,   Russian Academy of Personnel Support of the Agro-Industrial Complex, Moscow
Published: July 2022

The Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation have developed a system of retraining and advanced training of personnel for the agricultural sector. At the same time, at present, the following problems are highlighted in the staffing of the agro- industrial complexes of Belarus and Russia: insufficient level of professionalism and qualifi cations of a signifi cant part of employees, high turnover of managers and specialists, low effi ciency of work with the reserve of managers in terms of the selection of candidates and further use in managerial work; low rates of transfer of scientifi c achievements and innovative technologies in the educational process and production, insuffi cient readiness of many managers and specialists to implement modern digital technologies in agricultural production, "aging" of frames, insuffi cient practical preparedness of young specialists for independent work in market conditions. Thus, the problem of the formation of human resources corresponding to the requirements of modern production, prepared for the eff ective management of the agro-industrial complex, increasing its competitiveness in the international market, ensuring food security of the Union State has not been fully solved. The Unified Agrarian Policy forms fundamentally new requirements for the agro-industrial complex of Belarus and Russia in the field of ensuring food security of the Union State. Increasing the competitiveness of agribusiness organizations in both domestic and international agricultural markets can be achieved through the development of human capital of the agro-industrial complex, the formation of professional competencies of managers and specialists able to ensure the organization of cost-eff ective production and management. The solution of these problems at the level of the Union State is possible through the development and implementation of the program "Additional professional education of managers and specialists of the agro-industrial complex of the Union State of Belarus and Russia for 2023–2030". The adoption of the program will make it possible to bring bilateral cooperation in the agricultural sector to a qualitatively new level, increase the sustainability and efficiency of the development of agro-industrial complexes of the two countries, expand the capabilities of producers to more fully provide processing enterprises with their own raw materials, and the domestic market with high-quality food products.
The American model for the implementation of immigration policy in the XXI century
Authors:   Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations of Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO RAS), Moscow, Nicolskaya G. K.
Published: July 2022

The article focuses upon the decision-making mechanism in the fi eld of immigration policy in the United States. The author notes the extreme politicization of the problem of immigration. Conflicts and rivalry between the president and Congress, conflicting interests of individual states hinder the adoption legislation decisions.
Food security in the USA: issues of economic and legal support
Authors:   Kurgan State Agricultural Academy (KSAA), Lesnikovo, Kudinov V. V. , Mukhina E. G. ,   Kurgan State Agricultural Academy (KSAA), Lesnikovo
Published: July 2022

The article deals with the issues of economic and legal support of food security in the United States of America. The authors analyzed the concepts of "food security", "food insufficiency" and "lack of food security", used as an assessment of wellbeing and enshrined in US legal acts, and also identified the main indicators for assessing the state of food security. Based on the current, as of August 2021, statistical data, the level of food security of the population in the United States is shown and a reasonable conclusion is made that despite the program developed by the US Department of Agriculture for studying the level of food security, the availability of aff ordable food resources, not everyone living in the territory of this state provided with food (food) in the required quantity. At the same time, the national legal framework does not guarantee the right to food and the provision of practical forms of support for the most vulnerable social groups of the population for all citizens. It justifies the U.S.-specific decline in food security, which led to a decrease in the food supply of 13.7 million households, while from 2018 to the present, these households have diffi culty in providing all their members with enough food due to lack of resources. This decrease compared to 2018 (11.1 %) is statistically signifi cant, as 6.5 % of households with children (2.4 million households) were unable to provide their children with a complete and nutritious diet, resulting in children experiencing food insecurity. The article presents the points of view of experts and scientists who analyzed the state of economic and legal support of food security in the United States. The study allowed the authors to conclude that the considered features of the economic and legal support of food security in the United States are a reaction to the consequences of the economic crisis, which leads to a violation of the fundamental rights and freedoms of the majority of citizens living in the United States.
TICS en el aula: un enfoque desde la perspectiva del docente en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: Pazmiño Ortiz Sonia Guadalupe , Valencia Nuñez Edison Roberto
Published: July 2022

La adaptación acelerada a una educación virtual a causa de la pandemia (Covid-19), ha demandado fortalecer las competencias sobre TICS de los docentes para lograr los objetivos de aprendizaje, reestructurar las estrategias y apoyarse principalmente de la tecnología. En este sentido, el objetivo de este trabajo es medir el nivel de competencias actitudinales y pedagógicas sobre TIC de los docentes de la Unidad Educativa Mario Cobo Barona de la ciudad de Ambato-Tungurahua en el periodo académico 2020-2021, así mismo se verifica si existe relación entre estos dos tipos de competencias. Los resultados estadísticos arrojaron una media aceptable. Además, mediante la correlación de Pearson se demostró que la relación entre las competencias de estudio es robusta.

PALABRAS CLAVE: competencias actitudinales; competencias pedagógicas; TIC; educación virtual; Unidad Educativa Mario Cobo Barona.

ICTs in the classroom: an approach from the teacher's perspective in times of COVID-19

ABSTRACT

Accelerated adaptation to virtual education due to the Covid-19 pandemic has required strengthening the ICT skills of teachers to achieve learning objectives, restructure strategies and rely mainly on technology. In this sense, the objective of this work is to measure the level of attitudinal and pedagogical competences on ICT of the teachers of the Unidad Educativa Mario Cobo Barona of the city of Ambato-Tungurahua in the academic period 2020-2021, likewise it is verified if there is a relationship between these two types of skills. The statistical results yielded an acceptable mean that indicates that the competencies are acceptable, in addition, using Pearson's correlation, it was shown that the relationship between the study competencies is robust.

KEYWORDS: attitudinal skills; pedagogical skills; ICT; virtual education; Unidad Educativa Mario Cobo Barona.