bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A meta-analysis of the stony coral tissue loss disease microbiome finds key bacteria in lesions and unaffected tissue of diseased colonies
Authors: Rosales Stephanie M. , Huebner Lindsay K. , Evans James S. , Apprill Amy , Baker Andrew C. , Bellantuono Anthony J. , Brandt Marilyn E. , Clark Abigail S. , del Campo Javier , Dennison Caroline E. , Huntley Naomi E. , Kellogg Christina A. , Medina Mónica , Meyer Julie L. , Muller Erinn M. , Rodriguez-Lanetty Mauricio , Salerno Jennifer L. , Schill William B. , Shilling Erin N. , Stewart Julia Marie , Voss Joshua D.
Published: October 2022

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) has been causing significant whole colony mortality on reefs in Florida and the Caribbean. The cause of SCTLD remains unknown, with limited concurrence of SCTLD-associated bacteria among studies. We conducted a meta-analysis of SSU 16S ribosomal RNA gene datasets generated by 16 field and laboratory SCTLD studies to find consistent bacteria associated with SCTLD across disease zones (vulnerable, endemic, and epidemic), coral species, coral compartments (mucus, tissue, and skeleton), and disease states (apparently healthy colony tissue [AH], and unaffected [DU] and lesion [DL] tissue from diseased colonies). We also evaluated bacteria in seawater and sediment, which may be sources of SCTLD transmission. Although AH colonies in endemic and epidemic zones harbor bacteria associated with SCTLD lesions, and aquaria and field samples had distinct microbial compositions, there were still clear differences in the microbial composition among AH, DU, and DL in the combined dataset. Alpha diversity between AH and DL was not different; however, DU showed increased alpha diversity compared to AH, indicating that, prior to lesion formation, corals may undergo a disturbance to the microbiome. This disturbance may be driven by Flavobacteriales, which were especially enriched in DU. While Rhodobacterales and Peptostreptococcales-Tissierellales were prominent in structuring microbial interactions in DL. Peptostreptococcales-Tissierellales specifically may contribute to lesion progression through an alpha-toxin. We provide a consensus of SCTLD-associated bacteria both prior to and during lesion progression and identify how these taxa vary across studies, coral species, coral compartments, seawater, and sediment.
Divergent and dominant anti-inflammatory effects of patient-derived anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) in arthritis development
Authors: Raposo Bruno , Afonso Marcelo , Israelsson Lena , Wähämaa Heidi , Stålesen Ragnhild , Wermeling Fredrik , Hensvold Aase , Grönwall Caroline , Rethi Bence , Klareskog Lars , Malmström Vivianne
Published: October 2022

About two thirds of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients develop anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), which are a characteristic of the disease and sparsely observed in other clinical settings or in the healthy population. ACPA are used as a diagnostic criterion and often develop prior to diagnosis. Therefore, ACPA titers are important in the identification of individuals at risk of developing RA. Interestingly, the titers and target cross-reactivity of ACPA increase by time of diagnosis, suggesting a causality between anti-citrulline reactivity and the development of RA. However, only 50% of ACPA-positive at-risk individuals will progress to a clinical RA diagnosis. This observation suggests that there are different types of ACPA and that their relationship with RA development is more complex than presently assumed.

To address the biological effect of ACPA in the establishment and development of inflammatory arthritis, we made use of the collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) model of passive arthritis. Using seven unique patient derived monoclonal ACPA, we observed that ACPA are predominantly anti-inflammatory, with some clones (C03 and BVCA1) completely inhibiting disease development. We have also identified a clone (C04) as having a disease-prone effect, by increasing and sustaining disease prevalence. This clone had previously been reported as being pro-inflammatory in a different model of joint inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effects of C03 were dependent on FcγR, since neither F(ab’)2 or a mutated Fc-null GRLR-C03 clone could mediate disease protection. Most importantly, mice receiving polyclonal ACPA enriched from RA sera were also partially protected from disease. Looking at the cell and tissue of origin of the ACPA clones, their V(D)J sequences, Fc glycosylation pattern and fine-specificities, we could not identify a common feature between anti-inflammatory ACPA distinguishing them from those without the properties. Together, our data demonstrates that circulating ACPA in RA patients are predominantly anti-inflammatory, emphasizing the need to study ACPA repertoires in order to determine their influence on the clinical outcome of the patient or at-risk individual.
Efficient indexing of peptides for database search using Tide
Authors: Adoquaye Acquaye Frank Lawrence Nii , Kertesz-Farkas Attila , Noble William Stafford
Published: October 2022

The first step in the analysis of protein tandem mass spectrometry data typically involves searching the observed spectra against a protein database. During database search, the search engine must digest the proteins in the database into peptides, subject to digestion rules that are under user control. The choice of these digestion parameters, as well as selection of post-translational modifications (PTMs), can dramatically affect the size of the search space and hence the statistical power of the search. The Tide search engine separates the creation of the peptide index from the database search step, thereby saving time by allowing a peptide index to be reused in multiple searches. Here we describe an improved implementation of the indexing component of Tide that consumes around four times less resources (CPU and RAM) than the previous version and can generate arbitrarily large peptide databases, limited by only the amount of available disk space. We use this improved implementation to explore the relationship between database size and the parameters controlling digestion and PTMs, as well as database size and statistical power. Our results can help guide practitioners in proper selection of these important parameters.
What’s the matter with MICs: The contribution of nutrients and limiting resources to the pharmacodynamics of antibiotics and bacteria
Authors: Berryhill Brandon A. , Gil-Gil Teresa , Manuel Joshua A. , Smith Andrew P. , Margollis Ellie , Baquero Fernando , Levin Bruce R.
Published: October 2022

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of an antibiotic required to prevent replication is used both as a measure of the susceptibility/resistance of bacteria to that drug and as the single pharmacodynamic parameter for the rational design of antibiotic treatment regimes. MICs are estimated in vitro under conditions optimal for the action of the antibiotic. However, bacteria rarely grow in these optimal conditions. Using a mathematical model of the pharmacodynamics of antibiotics, we make predictions about the nutrient dependency of bacterial growth in the presence of antibiotics. We test these predictions with experiments in a rich media and a glucose-limited minimal media with Escherichia coli and eight different antibiotics. Our experiments uncover properties that question the sufficiency of using MICs and simple pharmacodynamic functions as measures of the pharmacodynamics of antibiotics under the nutritional conditions of infected tissues. To an extent that varies among drugs: (i) The estimated MICs obtained in rich media are greater than those estimated in minimal media. (ii) Exposure to these drugs increases the time before logarithmic growth starts, their lag. (iii) The stationary phase density of E. coli populations declines with greater sub-MIC antibiotic concentrations. We postulate a mechanism to account for the relationship between the sub-MIC concentration of antibiotics and the stationary phase density of bacteria and provide evidence in support of this hypothesis. We discuss the implications of these results to our understanding of the MIC as the unique pharmacodynamic parameter used to design protocols for antibiotic treatment.
Aldehyde inactivation of the RicR regulon sensitizesMycobacterium tuberculosisto copper
Authors: Limón Gina , Samhadaneh Nora M. , Pironti Alejandro , Darwin K. Heran
Published: October 2022

Mycobacterium tuberculosisis a major human pathogen and the causative agent of tuberculosis disease. WhileM. tuberculosiscan persist in the presence of host-derived antimicrobials like nitric oxide and copper, bacteria defective for proteasome activity are highly sensitive to these molecules, making the proteasome an attractive target for drug development. Previous work linked nitric oxide susceptibility with the accumulation of at least one aldehyde in anM. tuberculosismutant lacking proteasomal degradation. In this study, we show that this aldehyde accumulation is also responsible for copper sensitivity in this strain. Furthermore, we show the exogenous addition of aldehydes to wild-typeM. tuberculosiscultures sensitizes bacteria to copper. We determined that aldehydes directly affect the activity of two members of the RicR (regulatedincopperrepressor) regulon, resulting in the reduced production and function of critical copper-responsive proteins. This study is the first to mechanistically describe how aldehydes can renderM. tuberculosissusceptible to an existing host defense, and could support a broader role for aldehydes in controllingM. tuberculosisinfections.

IMPORTANCE

M. tuberculosisis a leading cause of death by a single infectious agent, causing 1.5 million deaths annually. An effective vaccine forM. tuberculosisinfections is currently lacking, and prior infection does not typically provide robust immunity to subsequent infections. Nonetheless, immunocompetent humans can controlM. tuberculosisinfections for decades. For these reasons, a clear understanding of how mammalian immunity inhibits mycobacterial growth is warranted. In this study, we show aldehydes can increaseM. tuberculosissusceptibility to copper. Given that activated macrophages produce increased amounts of aldehydes during infection, we propose host-derived aldehydes target critical bacterial survival pathways, making aldehydes a previously unappreciated antimicrobial defense.
The Formation of Biogenic Guanine Crystals Closely Resembles Melanosome Morphogenesis
Authors: Wagner Avital , Upcher Alexander , Maria Raquel , Magnesen Thorolf , Zelinger Einat , Raposo Graça , Palmer Benjamin A.
Published: October 2022

Animals precisely control the morphology and assembly of highly reflective guanine crystals to produce diverse optical phenomena used in coloration and vision. However, little is known about how organisms regulate crystallization to produce optically useful crystal morphologies which express highly reflective crystal faces. Guanine crystals form inside iridosome vesicles within specialized chromatophore cells called iridophores. By following the formation of iridosomes in developing scallop eyes we show that, despite their different physical properties, the morphogenesis of iridosomes bears a striking resemblance to melanosome morphogenesis in vertebrates. A key finding is that pre-assembled intravesicular fibrillar sheets template crystal nucleation, growth, and orientation, dictating the formation of optically functional, but thermodynamically disfavored plate-like habits. The common control mechanisms for melanin and guanine formation inspire new approaches for manipulating the morphologies and properties of molecular materials.
Optogenetic Miro cleavage reveals direct consequences of real-time loss of function inDrosophila
Authors: Mattedi Francesca , Lloyd-Morris Ethlyn , Hirth Frank , Vagnoni Alessio
Published: October 2022

Miro GTPases control mitochondrial morphology, calcium homeostasis and regulate mitochondrial distribution by mediating their attachment to the kinesin and dynein motor complex. It is not clear, however, how Miro proteins spatially and temporally integrate their function as acute disruption of protein function has not been performed. To address this issue, we have developed an optogenetic loss of function ’Split-Miro’ allele for precise control of Miro-dependent mitochondrial functions inDrosophila. Rapid optogenetic cleavage of Split-Miro leads to a striking rearrangement of the mitochondrial network, which is mediated by mitochondrial interaction with the microtubules. Unexpectedly, this treatment did not impact the ability of mitochondria to buffer calcium or their association with the endoplasmic reticulum. While Split-Miro overexpression is sufficient to augment mitochondrial motility, sustained photocleavage shows Split-Miro is surprisingly dispensable to maintain elevated mitochondrial processivity. In adult fly neuronsin vivo, Split-Miro photocleavage affects both mitochondrial trafficking and neuronal activity. Furthermore, functional replacement of endogenous Miro with Split-Miro identifies its essential role in the regulation of locomotor activity in adult flies, demonstrating the feasibility of tuning animal behaviour by real-time loss of protein function.
Identification of BcenGI15 genomic island harboring ST839 clone in a population of Burkholderia cenocepacia complex from a major tertiary care hospital in Northern India
Authors: Saroha Tanu , Singh Charu , Kumar Sunil , Kumar Rajesh , Patil Prashant P. , Singhal Lipika , Gautam Vikas , Patil Prabhu B.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) cluster with high genome plasticity and large genome size. As a major nosocomial pathogen, it is known to cause bacteremia, infections in cystic fibrosis patients. One of the factors contributing to multidrug resistance, virulence, and fitness is through chromosomally encoded genetic elements. They carry advantageous genes benefitting the host, thus its crucial to understand their stability and transfer in population. In an earlier study, we have reported a novel genomic island BcenGI15 in a unique clone of Bcc, ST824, involved in a major sepsis outbreak of a pediatric ward in an Indian hospital. In the present study, we have carried out screening of this genomic island by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in an extensive collection of Bcc isolates from a major tertiary care hospital in Northern part of India.

Materials and methods

90 isolates obtained from routine patient specimens over a period of 9 years revived from glycerol stock and identified as Burkholderia cenocepacia based on conventional biochemical tests, recA PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Isolates were screened for genomic island BcenGI15 via PCR using attL gene primers. Island positive isolates were subjected to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antibiotic susceptibility testing.

Results

The PCR in 16/90 (17.77%) isolates came positive for the presence of BcenGI15. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) revealed that all the positive isolates are clonal and belong to a dominant sequence type (ST) ST839.

Conclusion

MLST data analysis suggested presence of BcenGI15 in two different STs (ST824, ST839) from hospitals in north and west part of India. This suggests probable movement and selection for this element in Indian population of Bcc isolates.
Ultra High-Plex Spatial Proteogenomic Investigation of Giant Cell Glioblastoma Multiforme Immune Infiltrates Reveals Distinct Protein and RNA Expression Profiles
Authors: Bonnett Shilah A. , Rosenbloom Alyssa , Ong Giang , Conner Mark , Rininger Aric , Newhouse Daniel , New Felicia , Phan Chi , Ilcisin Saskia , Sato Hiromi , Lyssand John , Geiss Gary , Beechem Joseph M.
Published: October 2022

A deeper understanding of complex biological processes, including tumor development and immune response, requires ultra high-plex, spatial interrogation of multiple “omes”. Here we present the development and implementation of a novel spatial proteogenomic (SPG) assay on the GeoMx® Digital Spatial Profiler platform with NGS readout that enables ultra high-plex digital quantitation of proteins (> 100-plex) and RNA (whole transcriptome, > 18,000-plex) from a single FFPE sample. This study highlighted the high concordance,R> 0.85, and <11% change in sensitivity between SPG assay and the single analyte –assays on various cell lines and tissues from human and mouse. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the SPG assay was reproducible across multiple users. When used in conjunction with advanced cellular neighborhood segmentation, distinct immune or tumor RNA and protein targets were spatially resolved within individual cell subpopulations in human colorectal cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. We used the SPG assay to interrogate 23 different glioblastoma multiforme samples across 4 pathologies. The study revealed distinct clustering of both RNA and protein based on pathology and anatomic location. The in-depth investigation of giant cell glioblastoma multiforme revealed distinct protein and RNA expression profiles compared to that of the more common glioblastoma multiforme. More importantly, the use of spatial proteogenomics allowed simultaneous interrogation of critical protein post-translational modifications alongside whole transcriptomic profiles within the same distinct cellular neighborhoods.
Comparisons between Complete Genomes of the Eukaryotic Extremophile Galdieria sulphuraria Reveals Complex Nuclear Chromosomal Structures
Authors: Downing Jessica M. , Lock Sarah C. L. , Iovinella Manuela , Davey John , Mackinder Luke C. M. , Chong James P. J. , Ashton Peter D. , Feichtinger Georg A. , James Sally , Jeffares Daniel , Ciniglia Claudia , Davis Seth J.
Published: October 2022

Extremophiles, while typically bacteria and archaea, are also found in the eukaryotic domain of life. The eukaryote Galdieria sulphuraria is a thermoacidophilic red alga belonging to the class Cyanidiophyceae, an especially unique class as it comprises the basal clade of eukaryotic extremophiles. Galdieria species can grow both photosynthetically and heterotrophically on a variety of carbon sources, thriving down to pH 0 and temperatures up to 56 °C, while tolerating high levels of reactive oxygen species and high levels of heavy metals. Here we report whole-genome sequencing of three G. sulphuraria strains, uncovering a compact (13.1 Mb – 16.0 Mb) nuclear genome with 72-73 chromosomes, dependent on the strain.Comparative analyses of the macro synteny revealed significant structural rearrangement between G. sulphuraria isolates and the genome shows signs of sexual recombination. This, along with the large number of nuclear chromosomes compared to the genome size, reveals a mechanism of intrinsic adaptability in this eukaryotic extremophile, uncovering how G. sulphuraria can thrive in a rapidly changing extreme environment.
Human sialidase activity is vital for dengue virus serotype 2 infection
Authors: St Clair Laura A. , Pujari Padmasri G. , Perera Rushika
Published: October 2022

The human sialidase enzymes (or neuraminidases, NEU1-4) are glycoside hydrolases that catalyze the removal of sialic acid residues from glycoconjugates, including many bioactive glycoproteins and glycolipids. Through their physiochemical effect on glycoconjugates, sialic acid residues are thought to play vital roles in the control of cellular signaling. In previous studies, it was demonstrated that NEU1-4 activity was increased in cells infected with dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2). Additionally, it was demonstrated that the DENV2 NS1 protein was sufficient for inducing increased NEU1-4 activity in both in vivo and in vitro models, and that this increased activity was linked to endothelial hyperpermeability and vascular leakage, a hallmark of severe dengue disease. However, the role of increased NEU1-4 activity in the viral lifecycle was not understood. Here, we used siRNA-mediated loss of function studies to evaluate the effect of inhibition of sialidase activity on the DENV2 lifecycle. Our analyses uncovered that apart from their importance for viral pathogenesis, NEU1-4 activity was vital for DENV2 viral replication and egress. Moreover, we characterized the inter-relationship between NEU 1-4, and determined that there was a transcriptional dependency of NEU1-3 on NEU4.
Long-term passaging of replication competent pseudo-typed SARS-CoV-2 reveals the antiviral breadth of monoclonal and bispecific antibody cocktails
Authors: Ma Hang , Zong Huifang , Liu Junjun , Yue Yali , Ke Yong , Liao Yunji , Tang Haoneng , Wang Lei , Wang Shusheng , Yuan Yunsheng , Wu Mingyuan , Bian Yanlin , Zhang Baohong , Yin Haiyang , Jiang Hua , Sun Tao , Han Lei , Xie Yueqing , Zhu Jianwei
Published: October 2022

The continuous emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants poses challenges to the effectiveness of neutralizing antibodies. Rational design of antibody cocktails is a realizable approach addressing viral immune evasion. However, evaluating the breadth of antibody cocktails is essential for understanding the development potential. Here, based on a replication competent vesicular stomatitis virus model that incorporates the spike of SARS-CoV-2 (VSV-SARS-CoV-2), we evaluated the breadth of a number of antibody cocktails consisting of monoclonal antibodies and bispecific antibodies by long-term passaging the virus in the presence of the cocktails. Results from over two-month passaging of the virus showed that 9E12+10D4+2G1 and 7B9-9D11+2G1 from these cocktails were highly resistant to random mutation, and there was no breakthrough after 30 rounds of passaging. As a control, antibody REGN10933 was broken through in the third passage. Next generation sequencing was performed and several critical mutations related to viral evasion were identified. These mutations caused a decrease in neutralization efficiency, but the reduced replication rate and ACE2 susceptibility of the mutant virus suggested that they might not have the potential to become epidemic strains. The 9E12+10D4+2G1 and 7B9-9D11+2G1 cocktails that picked from the VSV-SARS-CoV-2 system efficiently neutralized all current variants of concern and variants of interest including the most recent variants Delta and Omicron, as well as SARS-CoV-1. Our results highlight the feasibility of using the VSV-SARS-CoV-2 system to develop SARS-CoV-2 antibody cocktails and provide a reference for the clinical selection of therapeutic strategies to address the mutational escape of SARS-CoV-2.
Moderating the connections: media coverage and firm market value
Authors: Gama Marina Amado Bahia , Lana Jeferson , Bueno Giovana , Marcon Rosilene , Bandeira-de-Mello Rodrigo
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore how a politically connected firm moderates the relationship between media coverage and market value. More specifically, the authors are interested in the interplay of an external corporate governance (CG) mechanism with an internal one. By interacting different mechanisms, this paper advances the empirical setting of application and functions of the corporate governance.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper tests the hypotheses presented using panel data with a fixed-effect model, by assembling and exploiting a unique, hand-collected set of data on media coverage consisting of over 164,000 media reports and a politically connected board of directors comprising over 12,000 CVs tracked from 2010 to 2014. Data is originally from Brazil, a country where political connections are highly used by firms and that has been a place of much research on corporate political activity.

Findings

The results of this paper suggest that a politically connected board of directors can mitigate the negative effects of media coverage on market value. Overall, the results imply that the validity of a CG mechanism might be affected by other mechanisms.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this paper imply the need for research focusing on the mutual effects of different CG mechanisms. While CG is understood as a set of mechanisms, new research could focus on the interplay of these mechanisms.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that the presence of former politicians and government officers on the board dissipates bad news reported by the media and boosts market value when media is positive. To maximize investment returns, investors should analyze firms' political human capital.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to develop hypotheses on the moderation effects of a politically connected board on the relation between media coverage and market value. This is relevant because this brings insights on how firms could jointly manage these mechanisms.
“Power of words”: impact, concerns and applications of nonviolent communication training
Authors: Korlipara Madhuri , Shah Hardik
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a training program on nonviolent communication (NVC) and assess its impact, concerns and applicability to the context of work. This study also focuses on the factors that influence the retention and application of the skills acquired during the training after three months of completion of the program.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a qualitative approach. Purposive sampling was used, and 14 semi-structured interviews were conducted to study the impact of an NVC training program titled “Power of words”. Thematic analysis based on Kirkpatrick’s model of training evaluation was used to arrive at the findings.

Findings

NVC training was found to have created a sustainable shift in perspective and behaviour of the participants; however, the learning and application of the NVC skills were found to be dependent on individual and contextual factors. The role of the facilitator was found to be crucial in creating safe spaces that were essential for open sharing and effective practice. NVC was found to be easier to apply to contexts of personal relationships; however, in a work context, it holds immense scope to create both organisational- and employee-level outcomes.

Research limitations/implications

This study has implications for developing theory on NVC and its consequences to humanistic management and employee thriving.

Practical implications

This study has implications for developing theory on NVC and its consequences for humanistic management and employee thriving. This study has practical implications for humanising communication at work and also has implications for leaders, managers, coaches, counsellors, HR professionals and OD professionals, to improve employee or client experiences. This study also has implications for the potential community development.

Social implications

This study also has implications for the potential community development as a consequence of NVC training.

Originality/value

The research on the application of NVC training to context of work is very limited, and also, there is very limited research on both the effectiveness of online training and the retention and application of the learning after three months of completion of the program. This study fills these gaps.
The importance of knowledge management in gastronomy: a chef’s future career, the next generations of chefs and trends
Authors: Bressan Alessandro , Duarte Alonso Abel , Kim Vu Oanh Thi , Tran Luong Ngoc , Tran Thanh Duc
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to shed new light on empirical and conceptual aspects related to chefs’ careers and the hospitality sector. The study examines how the future of the chef’s profession is perceived, how future generations of chefs could be developed and the main emerging trends within the chef’s scene.

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured, face-to-face, online and telephone interviews were conducted with 34 chefs operating in Australia and 35 in Vietnam.

Findings

The findings reveal ten dimensions that strongly adhere to knowledge management (KM) and the notions of the knowledge-based view of the firm. In addition, numerous differences in how the two groups perceived aspects of their careers transpire. Based on these findings, a conceptual framework was developed, with important theoretical and practical implications.

Practical implications

The importance of KM through talent development, mentoring, creating a learning environment and enhancing problem-solving skills is highlighted.

Originality/value

While scholarly works emphasise chefs’ value, importance and contributions, little is known about the links between their careers and KM. Furthermore, almost no study has compared chefs across geographic/cultural domains. The study addresses these research gaps and contributes to the conceptual understanding of KM within the chefs’ domain.
Exploring entrepreneurship resilience capabilities during Armageddon: a qualitative study
Authors: Fares Julian , Sadaka Sami , El Hokayem Jihad
Published: October 2022

Purpose

During disturbances and unprecedented events, firms are required to be resilient to confront crises, recover from losses, and even capitalize on new opportunities. The aim of this paper is twofold: (1) to examine how different types of capabilities (routine, dynamic or ad hoc) steer an entrepreneurial firm into ecological, engineering and evolutionary resilience and (2) to identify strategic activities that are deployed by firms with different capabilities to achieve resilience.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were gathered using structured qualitative interviews with 26 entrepreneurial resilient firms that managed to survive a multitude of coinciding crises.

Findings

The findings show that each type of capability enhances the ability to achieve a specific resilience outcome: ad hoc capability for partial engineering resilience, routine capability for ecological resilience and dynamic capability for evolutionary resilience. Furthermore, ad hoc capabilities are shown to be favored when firms' losses are severe. In contrast, routine and dynamic capabilities are preferred when losses are mild. The most significant capability deployment activities related to building resilience are corporate strategic changes, global export strategy, cost reduction, stakeholder support, positive mindset, fund raising, network building, product development, efficiency improvement and restructuring. These activities are segregated based on capability and resilience types.

Practical implications

Practitioners are encouraged to cast off limiting assumptions and beliefs that firms are conditioned to fail when faced with unprecedented crises. This study provides an integrative portfolio of capabilities and activities as a toolbox that can be used by different entrepreneurs and policy makers to achieve resilience and better performance.

Originality/value

The paper undertakes a first of its kind empirical examination of the association between capabilities and resilience. The context is unique as it involves a multitude of coinciding crises including Covid-19 pandemic, city explosion, economic collapse, political instability and a severe banking crisis.
Experiences of the Ukrainian adolescents during the Russia-Ukraine 2022 War
Authors: Lopatovska Irene , Arora Kirtika , Fernandes Flita Veleny , Rao Anjali , Sivkoff-Livneh Simona , Stamm Brianna
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The study aims to explore the current experiences of Ukrainian adolescents affected by the Russia-Ukraine war. The study focused on the changes in adolescents’ lives caused by the war, adolescents’ emotional reactions to the disruptions caused by the war, coping strategies employed by adolescents in dealing with disruptions and the role of information technology in supporting new realities and coping strategies of adolescents.

Design/methodology/approach

This study relied on semi-structured interviews conducted on Zoom with 27 Ukrainian adolescents ages 10-18. Participants were recruited using the snowball sample and came from various regions of Ukraine. The interview notes and partial transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify the common and unique patterns in participant responses.

Findings

The interview data revealed the signs of traumatic experiences and various stages and methods of coping with them. Participants’ resilience was supported by external factors, including families, communities, continuous schooling, ability to talk to friends, information technology, as well as internal skills, including social competence, problem-solving, critical consciousness, autonomy and a sense of purpose. Participants shared specific recommendations for improving information platforms and online content, e.g. making them more accessible and affordable for Ukrainian users, improving content curation and personalization, creating and promoting Ukrainian content and others.

Research limitations/implications

Research relied on convenience sample of participants who had access to information communication technology (ICT), were aware and had an ability to participate. Field work is needed to reach out to participants without access to ICT.

Practical implications

This study contains broad recommendations for improving information technologies for the use of Ukrainian adolescents.

Social implications

This research offers three timely account of the first-hand experiences of Ukrainian adolescents affected by the Russia-Ukraine war and can inform future work aimed at improving life conditions for teen population.

Originality/value

This study relied on first-hand reports of Ukrainian adolescents’ experiences, feelings and coping strategies during the first three months of Russia-Ukraine war. The study applied war trauma and resilience frameworks to interpret the findings and translate some of the findings into practical recommendations for the information science community.
Review of factors affecting citrus polyphenol bioavailability and their importance in designing in vitro, animal, and intervention studies
Authors: Visvanathan Rizliya , Williamson Gary
Published: October 2022

Evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies links citrus fruit consumption with several health‐promoting effects. However, many in vitro studies disregard bioavailability data, a key factor determining responses in humans. Citrus (poly)phenol metabolism and bioavailability follow specific pathways that vary widely among individuals and are affected by several intrinsic (age, sex, gut microbiota, metabolic state, genetic polymorphisms) and extrinsic (food matrix, co‐consumed food, (poly)phenol solubility, dose, food processing, lifestyle) factors. The gut microbiota is crucial to both absorption of citrus (poly)phenols and the production of catabolites, and absorption of both takes place mostly in the colon. Citrus (poly)phenol absorption can reach up to 100% in some individuals when the sum of the gut microbiota products are taken into account. This review emphasizes the importance of understanding citrus (poly)phenol absorption, metabolism, and bioavailability using evidence primarily derived from human studies in designing in vitro, animal, and further human clinical studies.
Multiple mating by both sexes in an invasive insect species, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)
Authors: Papach Anna , Beaurepaire Alexis , Yañez Orlando , Huwiler Meret , Williams Geoffrey R. , Neumann Peter
Published: October 2022

Multiple mating by both sexes is common among sexually reproducing animals. Small hive beetles (SHB), Aethina tumida, are parasites of bee nests endemic to sub‐Saharan Africa and have become a widespread invasive species. Despite the considerable economic damages they can cause, their basic biology remains poorly understood. Here we show that male and female small hive beetles can mate multiple times, suggesting that costs for mating are low in this species. In an invasive A. tumida population in the United States, a combination of laboratory experiments for males and paternity analysis with eight polymorphic DNA microsatellite markers for field‐caught females were used to estimate the number of mating by both sexes. The data show that females and males can mate multiple times—females mated with up to eight males, whereas males mated with at least seven females. The results also showed that A. tumida displayed a skewed paternity, although this was not consistent among the tested females. Thus, first or last male advantage seem to be unlikely in A. tumida. Our observations that individuals of both sexes of A. tumida can mate multiple times opens new research avenues for examining drivers of multiple mating and determining the role it may play in promoting biological invasions.
Human resource development for community development: lessons from a sport‐for‐development program in rural India
Authors: Philip Biju , Seal Emma‐Louise , Philip Susan
Published: October 2022

This article aims to contribute to the application of human resources systems and practices in a sport‐for‐development program for community development. Using a qualitative research approach, this study collected a series of data over a period of 24 months in a rural community setting in India. This article reveals that inputs such as soccer peer‐coaching knowledge and opportunities for training not only develop coaching and playing skills and abilities but also can create a socially cohesive space to foster individual, group and community capacity building for improved sport‐for‐development program outcomes. Using social movement theory, this article illustrates that soccer peer‐coaching knowledge can be an enabler in recruiting, training and incentivising participants and volunteer coaches for social action. This article provides a practical and theoretical understanding of using knowledge, skills and abilities to mobilise individuals and assist in the delivery of a sustainable sport‐for‐development program in a community setting.
The Roles of Management Control: Lessons from the Apollo Program*
Authors: Tucker Basil P. , Alewine Hank C.
Published: October 2022

The management control information used in decision‐making comports with one of the two generally accepted roles—to monitor and evaluate employees to conform their behavior to achieving organizational goals (decision‐influencing role), or to reduce decision uncertainty (decision‐facilitating role). However, the ways in which these two roles may combine concurrently has received limited empirical attention. Thus, in this case study, archival data and evidence from 30 interviews with space sector experts are employed to evaluate how the two roles assumed by management control contributed—both individually and jointly—to the achievements of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Apollo program. The analysis leads to a proposed 2×2 matrix that better characterizes the roles that could be assumed by management control in decision settings. This study extends the management control literature by presenting an additionally nuanced picture of these roles, as well as the subsequent consequences that arise from their combinations. Its findings provide insight for management control development and application.
AngleCam: Predicting the temporal variation of leaf angle distributions from image series with deep learning
Authors: Kattenborn Teja , Richter Ronny , Guimarães‐Steinicke Claudia , Feilhauer Hannes , Wirth Christian
Published: October 2022

Vertical leaf angles and their variation through time are directly related to several ecophysiological processes and properties. However, there is no efficient method for tracking leaf angles of plant canopies under field conditions.

Here, we present AngleCam, a deep learning‐based approach to predict leaf angle distributions from horizontal photographs acquired with low‐cost timelapse cameras. AngleCam is based on pattern recognition with convolutional neural networks and trained with leaf angle distributions obtained from visual interpretation of more than 2500 plant photographs across different species and scene conditions.

Leaf angle predictions were evaluated over a wide range of species and scene conditions using independent samples from visual interpretation (R2 = 0.84) and compared to leaf angle estimates obtained from terrestrial laser scanning (R2 = 0.75). AngleCam was tested for the long‐term monitoring of leaf angles for two broadleaf tree species in a temperate forest. The plausibility of the predicted leaf angle time series was underlined by its close relationship with environmental variables related to transpiration.

The evaluations confirm that AngleCam is a robust and efficient method to track leaf angles under field conditions. The output of AngleCam is compatible with a range of applications, including functional‐structural plant modelling, Earth system modelling or radiative transfer modelling of plant canopies. AngleCam may also be used to predict leaf angle distributions for existing data, for instance from PhenoCam networks citizen science projects.
Race, racism, and antiracism in emergency medicine: A scoping review of the literature and research agenda for the future
Authors: Darby Anna , Cleveland Manchanda Emily C. , Janeway Hannah , Samra Shamsher , Hicks Marquita Norman , Long Ruby , Gipson Katrina A. , Chary Anita N. , Adjei Brenda A. , Khanna Kajal , Pierce Ava , Kaltiso Sheri‐Ann O. , Spadafore Sophia , Tsai Jennifer , Dekker Annette , Thiessen Molly E. , Foster Jordan , Diaz Rose , Mizuno Mikaela , Schoenfeld Elizabeth
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The objective was to conduct a scoping review of the literature and develop consensus‐derived research priorities for future research inquiry in an effort to (1) identify and summarize existing research related to race, racism, and antiracism in emergency medicine (EM) and adjacent fields and (2) set the agenda for EM research in these topic areas.

Methods

A scoping review of the literature using PubMed and EMBASE databases, as well as review of citations from included articles, formed the basis for discussions with community stakeholders, who in turn helped to inform and shape the discussion and recommendations of participants in the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) consensus conference. Through electronic surveys and two virtual meetings held in April 2021, consensus was reached on terminology, language, and priority research questions, which were rated on importance or impact (highest, medium, lower) and feasibility or ease of answering (easiest, moderate, difficult).

Results

A total of 344 articles were identified through the literature search, of which 187 met inclusion criteria; an additional 34 were identified through citation review. Findings of racial inequities in EM and related fields were grouped in 28 topic areas, from which emerged 44 key research questions. A dearth of evidence for interventions to address manifestations of racism in EM was noted throughout.

Conclusions

Evidence of racism in EM emerged in nearly every facet of our literature. Key research priorities identified through consensus processes provide a roadmap for addressing and eliminating racism and other systems of oppression in EM.
The Role of Social Media in Financial Risk Prediction: Evidence from China*
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhang Chenghu , Li Zheng
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we develop an intelligent approach to detect default risk of FinTech lending platforms. Using China's peer‐to‐peer (P2P) lending market as an empirical application, we assemble a unique dataset of matched default and non‐default platforms. We apply state‐of‐art techniques to extract sentiment and topic features from several stakeholders' social media data, which are used as supportive soft information. Our approach exhibits better predictive abilities than those with hard information only, where the value of dynamic soft information is demonstrated. Our approach serves as a proof of concept to complement traditional methods of financial risk prediction.
Understanding workforce needs of allied health staff in regional cancer care centres: Informing recruitment and succession planning
Authors: Waters Martine , de Jersey Susan , Brebner Neil , Reeves Marina Michelle
Published: October 2022

Objective

To describe: (1) the type and frequency of interventions undertaken by regional cancer specialist Allied Health Professionals (AHPs); and (2) regional generalist AHPs' exposure and confidence in undertaking these interventions.

Design

Multiphase, observational study including a prospective study and a cross‐sectional survey.

Setting

Two regional Queensland Hospitals.

Participants

Cancer specialist AHPs (n = 13 in a prospective study; n = 7 in a cross‐sectional survey) and generalist AHPs (n = 36 in a cross‐sectional survey), across six disciplines from two regional hospitals and cancer services.

Main Outcome Measures

Phase 1: Frequency of cancer care AHP occasions of service and interventions. Phase 2: Current practice in cancer care AHP interventions; confidence; access to training, professional development and mentorship; barriers to working in cancer care, among cancer care and generalist AHPs.

Results

Over 10‐months, cancer care AHPs collectively delivered 12 393 interventions across 8850 occasions of service. Only four cancer care interventions were exclusively or predominantly carried out by cancer care AHPs—laryngectomy pre‐operative counselling, laryngectomy rehabilitation and tracheostomy management (speech pathology) and lymphoedema management (physiotherapy). Generalist AHPs reported slightly lower confidence across all tasks if asked to carry out known interventions in a cancer setting compared with familiar settings. The primary perceived barrier to working in cancer care was lack of skills/experience/training reported by most CC AHPs, generalist Physiotherapists and Speech Pathologists, but not other generalist AHPs.

Conclusion

There was a significant overlap in interventions undertaken in the cancer care and generalist setting for AHPs. Appropriate on‐boarding to contextualise interventions to cancer care is recommended to overcome reported lower confidence.
Fire in Mexican grassy–pine ecosystems
Authors: Diaz‐Toribio Milton H. , Martorell Carlos
Published: October 2022

Aims

Fire is an important factor contributing to the diversity of many ecosystems. Unfortunately, misconceptions about fire frequently guide policies, threating fire‐prone ecosystems whose persistence depends on such disturbance. In this paper, we highlight the importance of fire, both current and in recent history, in grassy–pine ecosystems of Mexico and clarify why it is important to understand the role of fire in such ecosystems. We also consider evidence on current fire regimes and management practices, and how they may be impacting different grassy–pine ecosystems.

Results

We propose a classification of pine ecosystems that acknowledges their huge differences in terms of climate, structure, and composition. Three of these communities have frequently open canopies with grassy understories: piñon woodlands, tropical savannas (Pinus oocarpasavannas) and subalpine woodlands. The majority of the grassy–pine communities are piñon woodlands, mostly in the northern Sierra Madre Oriental. Tropical savannas represent a small proportion of the total, distributed in the plains near the Pacific coast. Subalpine woodlands have the smallest area.

Conclusions

The lack of recognition in Mexico of the diversity of pine‐dominated ecosystems as different types of vegetation with contrasting characteristics and dynamics has resulted in fragmentary information on their natural fire regimes. Evidence suggests that frequent fires may have shaped Mexican grassy–pine ecosystems. Nevertheless, evidence for piñon woodlands is still inconclusive and there may be a large variability in the natural fire regime between sites. Satellite data suggest that current fire frequency in grassy–pine ecosystems is lower than the natural one, and that it increased in recent years just as the budgets for fighting fires diminished in the country. It thus seems that misguided fire suppression policies have strongly altered natural fire regimes.