bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Na4Sn4(C2O4)3F6 and NaSnC2O4F·H2O: two tin(ii) fluoride oxalates display large birefringence
Authors: Ren Liying , Yin Zeqiao , Wang Shiyi , Lin Zhengyan , Cao Liling , Dong Xuehua , Huang Ling , Zhou Yuqiao , Gao Daojiang , Zou Guohong
Published: January 2024

Two tin(ii) fluoride oxalates Na4Sn4(C2O4)3F6 and NaSnC2O4F·H2O were synthesized successfully. The birefringence-active groups are connected into unique low-dimensional structures, which induce large birefringence in both compounds.
“On-water” synthesis of thioxoimidazolidinone-isatin/ninhydrin conjugates, followed by temperature-induced dehydration by a ZnMnO3@Ni(OH)2 nano-catalyst
Authors: Rana Soumitra , Basu Soumyadip , Bera Aswini , Saha Pinaki , Ghosh Prasanta , Khatua Bhanu Bhusan , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda
Published: January 2024

Temperature-driven C–C, C–N, and CC bond development yields 3-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-5-oxo-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)oxindoles and (Z)-3-(3-methyl-5-oxo-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-ylidene)indolin-2-one in a one-pot green "on water" synthesis.
A study on a natural pyrite sample as a potential reference material for simultaneous measurement of sulfur and iron isotopes using fs-LA-MC-ICP-MSs
Authors: Xie Lie-Wen , Wang Xiao-Jun , Yu Hui-Min , Gao Jian-Feng , Xu Lei , Huang Chao , Tang Guo-Qiang , Mao Qian , Feng Lian-Jun , Yang Yue-Heng , Wu Shi-Tou , Wang Hao
Published: January 2024

A natural pyrite sample has been meticulously examined and identified as a promising reference material. It is ideally suitable for the simultaneous measurement of S and Fe isotopic compositions in pyrite samples using LA-MC-ICP-MS.
Survival of P. falciparum infected red blood cell aggregates in elongational shear flow
Authors: Jötten Anna M. , Schepp Anabelle , Machon Adam , Moll Kirsten , Wahlgren Mats , Krüger Timm , Westerhausen Christoph
Published: January 2024

Rosette “survival” decreases with longer exposure to elongational flow, increases with rosette size and is 5–15% higher in blood group A. The experimental results are substantiated by a simulation of the underlying protein binding kinetics.
Multi-step PDMS curing and a controlled separation method for mass manufacturing of high-performance and user-friendly micro-devices: valved micropumps
Authors: Du Zhichang , Sun Wei , Mi Shengli
Published: January 2024

A multi-step PDMS curing method and a local PDMS separation strategy were proposed to achieve mass, standardized, and low-cost manufacturing of valved micropumps, satisfying a wider range of fluid-driven applications.
Toward 3D printed microfluidic artificial lungs for respiratory support
Authors: Fleck Elyse , Keck Charlise , Ryszka Karolina , Zhang Andrew , Atie Michael , Maddox Sydney , Potkay Joseph
Published: January 2024

Development and testing of a small-scale 3D printed microfluidic artificial lung (μAL) fabricated via UV light based vat photopolymerization and a custom polydimethylsiloxane photopolymer resin.
A liquid metal based, integrated parallel electroosmotic micropump cluster drive system
Authors: Li Qian , Zhang Pan , Ye Zi , Zhang Huimin , Sun Xiao , Gui Lin
Published: January 2024

A low-voltage drivable integrated parallel EOP cluster drive system is proposed, and its integrated pump-valve drive system is expected to solve the shortcoming of electroosmotic pumps in terms of long-time storage and driving.
PVA/guanidinium oleate transdermal patch as a pH-responsive drug delivery system for the localized and targeted delivery of anticancer drugs
Authors: Jain Monika , Pansuriya Raviraj , Thakur Rahul , Saini Adesh K. , Kumar Sugam , Aswal Vinod K. , Kailasa Suresh Kumar , Malek Naved I.
Published: January 2024

pH-responsive Transdermal Patch for the Treatment of Cancer.
Chiral induction in substrate-supported self-assembled molecular networks under nanoconfinement conditions
Authors: Tessari Zeno , Rinkovec Tamara , De Feyter Steven
Published: January 2024

Nanoconfinement on the fly impacts the alignment and chirality of self-assembled molecular networks.
Eco-friendly and sustainable basil seed hydrogel-loaded copper hydroxide-based catalyst for the synthesis of propargylamines and tetrazoles
Authors: Samiee Paghaleh Effat , Kolvari Eskandar , Seidi Farzad , Dashtian Kheibar
Published: January 2024

The broad use of propargyl amines and tetrazoles in pharmaceutical applications presents a well-established challenge.
Synthesis of chiral hexynones for use as precursors to native photosynthetic hydroporphyrins
Authors: Chau Nguyen Khiem , Chung Duy T. M. , Nalaoh Phattananawee , Lindsey Jonathan S.
Published: January 2024

A planned total synthesis of photosynthetic tetrapyrrole macrocycles installs essential stereochemical features in early precursors via established asymmetric methodology.
Development of highly sensitive/durable porous carbon nanotube–polydimethylsiloxane sponge electrode for wearable human motion monitoring sensor
Authors: Lee Sung-Jun , Sung Yoon-Gyung , Kesavan Santhia , Kim Chang-Lae
Published: January 2024

Herein, we present a novel approach for fabricating porous carbon nanotube–polydimethylsiloxane (CNT–PDMS) sponge electrodes for piezoelectric/piezoresistive sensing.
Preparation and corrosion inhibition mechanism of a chitosan ionic liquid Schiff base for the protection of N80 in HCl solution
Authors: Li Miantuo , Li Fengting , Hu Jianwen , Cui Nannan , Su Huiling , Li Lizhi , Wang Zhikun , Sun Shuangqing , Hu Songqing
Published: January 2024

Three chitosan ionic liquid type Schiff bases (CS-IL-SBs) were synthesized by grafting three aldehydes (vanillin, cinnamaldehyde, and pyridine-4-carboxaldehyde) on CS-IL (chitosan grafted with p-toluene sulfonic acid) through a Schiff base reaction.
Solvent effect on the 77Se NMR chemical shifts of diphenyl diselenides
Authors: Bartz Ricardo Hellwig , Hellwig Paola dos Santos , Perin Gelson , Iarocz Lucas Emanuel Beluzzo , Madabeni Andrea , Orian Laura , Santos Silva Márcio
Published: January 2024

Herein, we evaluated the solvent effect on the 77Se NMR chemical shifts of diphenyl diselenides. To gain a deeper insight into the 77Se NMR chemical shift behavior, DFT calculations have been performed.
Self-cleaning PDA-Ag@PVDF membranes for oil/water separation and dye adsorption from emulsion
Authors: Wang Jikui , Liu Wenxiu , Huang Yicheng , Zou Xinquan , Yan Jiani , Feng Yuwei , Wang Kun
Published: January 2024

The superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic MS@PVDF membrane can achieve efficient oil/water separation and dye adsorption, and has UV-induced self-cleaning ability.
Old dye safranine as an organic photocatalyst for the synthesis of substituted quinazolinones
Authors: Liu Cheng-Hang , Wang Jun-Jie , Xu Mengyang , Luo Qiyun , Wang Ziyan , Tan Wenyue , Zhao Xingzeng , Jia Xiaodong
Published: January 2024

Safranine-catalyzed oxidative cyclization reaction of substituted 2-aminobenzamides and aldehydes to afford quinazolinone products.
A rapid and specific antimicrobial resistance detection of Escherichia coli via magnetic nanoclusters
Authors: Pan Fei , Altenried Stefanie , Scheibler Subas , Ren Qun
Published: January 2024

The peptide@PEG@MNCs can specifically capture E. coli from a bacterial mixture. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the captured E. coli can be analyzed thereafter by applying a sensitive luminescent probe within 30 min.
Second-harmonic generation in 2D moiré superlattices composed of bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Wang Xinjiang , Faizan Muhammad , He Xin , Zhang Lijun
Published: January 2024

Investigation on the electronic and second harmonic generation (SHG) properties of Moiré superlattices in 2D bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with varying twist angles using first-principles calculations.
Utilization of polyphenylene sulfide as an organic additive to enhance gas separation performance in polysulfone membranes
Authors: Junaidi Afdhal , Zulfiani Utari , Khomariyah Siti , Gunawan Triyanda , Widiastuti Nurul , Sazali Norazlianie , Salleh Wan Norharyati Wan
Published: January 2024

The addition of polyphenylene sulfide (PPs) to polysulfone (PSf) membranes has been found to significantly enhance the separation performance of CO2/CH4 and H2/CH4 gases through polar and acid-based interactions.
How impurities responsible for recalls emerge in hand sanitizers
Authors: Shahbazi-Raz Farsheed , Egbuta Mary A. , Aremu Bukola R. , Mashhadi Neda , Tucci Paul , Binder Justin , Trant John F.
Published: January 2024

Unacceptable impurities emerge in hand sanitizers due to oxidation chemistry facilitated by mandated additives coupled with heat and metal salts.
Luminescent carbon quantum dots derived from syzygium cumini seeds with endogenous anti-oxidant and cytotoxic potency including in vitro photoluminescence and live cell imaging
Authors: Danawala Tanazparveen M. , Trivedi Komal A. , Lad Urvi M. , Desai Bhumi N. , Singh Subodh Kumar , Suthar Devesh H. , Modi Chetan K.
Published: January 2024

This study focuses on the use of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from Syzygium cumini seeds prepared through hydrothermal synthesis for anti-oxidant, bioimaging, and anti-neoplastic activities.
Effect of the grain boundary character distribution on the sulfur corrosion behaviour and mechanisms of copper windings under different high temperatures
Authors: Dai Xu , Yuan Yuan , Zhou Jiang , Liu Guoyong , Zhu Tao , Xiang Huiying , Yu Qi , Gao Xue , Liao Ruijin
Published: January 2024

As a typical failure phenomenon in transformers, sulfur corrosion has garnered significant attention in the field of high‐voltage engineering. Grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) copper windings have been introduced to enhance sulfur corrosion resistance by slowing down intergranular corrosion. In this study, the sulfur corrosion behaviour and mechanisms of the GBCD copper windings under various temperatures were experimentally and theoretically studied. Results show that GBCD can enhance the corrosion resistance of copper in liquid environments. With the increase in temperatures, the insulating properties of oil and papers in traditional copper windings experience notable degradation, while GBCD copper windings show more stable insulating behaviours. In addition, modelling of grain boundary energy indicates that the grain boundary structure of GBCD copper windings has a lower average interface energy of 0.170 eV/Å2. Calculations of reaction thermodynamics show that GBCD copper windings possess a higher failure temperature (135.2°C) and inhibition degree (activation energy) of the sulfur corrosion (32,557.62 J/mol), revealing the stability and enhanced sulfur corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures.
Intelligent overheating fault diagnosis for overhead transmission line using semantic segmentation
Authors: Yang Xiangyu , Tu Youping , Yuan Zhikang , Zheng Zhong , Chen Geng , Wang Cong , Xu Yan
Published: January 2024

The strain clamps and leading wires are important components that connect conductors on overhead transmission lines and conduct current. During operation, poor contact between these components can cause abnormal overheating, leading to electric failures and threatening power system reliability. Recently, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with infrared thermal imagers for strain clamp and leading wire maintenance has become increasingly popular. Deep learning‐based image recognition shows promising prospects for intelligent fault diagnosis of overheating faults. A pre‐treatment method is proposed based on dynamic histogram equalisation to enhance the contrast of infrared images. The DeepLab v3+ network, loss function, and existing networks with different backbones are compared. The DeepLab v3+ network with ResNet101 and convolutional block attention module added, and the Focal Loss function achieved the highest performance with an average pixel accuracy of 0.614, an average intersection over union (AIoU) of 0.567, an F1 score of 0.644, and a frequency weighted intersection over union of 0.594 on the test set. The optimised Atrous rates has increased the AIoU by 12.91%. Moreover, an intelligent diagnosis scheme for evaluating the defect state of the strain clamps and leading wires is proposed and which achieves a diagnostic accuracy of 91.0%.
Attention‐based prohibited item detection in X‐ray images during security checking
Authors: Zhang Haigang , Zhao Zihao , Yang Jinfeng
Published: January 2024

This paper focuses on the intelligent detection of prohibited items in X‐ray images during the security checking process. An intelligent semantic segmentation model of prohibited items in X‐ray images is proposed based on the attention‐based object localization method. Based on the pre‐trained CNN classification framework, the attention mechanism can map the high‐layer semantic information of objects into the input space, while generating energy saliency maps to locate the prohibited items. In order to make the obtained attention maps discriminative, the lateral and contrastive inhibition strategies are introduced and combined together which can highlight the responses of activated neurons. Under the guidance of attention responses, two traditional image segmentation algorithms are employed to achieve the semantic segmentation results for the prohibited items detection in X‐ray images. The proposed semantic segmentation model relies on weakly supervised learning mechanism, and only depends on the category labels of prohibited items, which greatly avoids the work cost of data semantic annotation. The experimental results based on the public SIXray baseline and the self‐built X‐ray image database demonstrate the proposed method can achieve about 65% IoU localization precise averagely. In addition, comparison experiments were carried out with the state‐of‐the‐arts and ablation experiments to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Combined‐harmonics wireless power transfer system
Authors: Marnani Elham Karimi , Rashed‐Mohassel Jalil , Shahabadi Mahmoud
Published: January 2024

A technique for wireless power transfer (WPT) efficiency improvement by a proper design of the excitation waveform is presented. This improvement is obtained on the one hand by a combined‐harmonics excitation, and on the other hand by exploiting multiple‐resonance coupled resonators. In contrast to wireless communications, there is no constraint on the linearity of the transmitter and receiver in a WPT system. Therefore, the impact of the excitation waveform on the power transfer efficiency with the help of an analytical model is investigated. An optimum excitation waveform is determined to maximise the power transfer efficiency. Thereafter, the authors concentrate on designing a multiple‐resonance coupled resonator system that is consistent with the determined excitation waveform. This work introduces a non‐uniform spiral resonator for controlling the self‐resonant frequencies, which is consistent with the required excitation waveform. The performance of the designed coupled resonators is then evaluated using a 3D finite‐element method and experiments. The numerical simulation and experimental results are in good agreement, verifying the validity of our design.
Onset mechanism of an inverted U-shaped solar filament eruption revealed by NVST, SDO, and STEREO-A observations
Authors: Wang Jincheng , Yan Xiaoli , Cai Qiangwei , Xue Zhike , Yang Liheng , Li Qiaoling , Xu Zhe , Cai Yunfang , Yang Liping , Peng Yang , Sun Xia , Zhang Xinsheng , Zhou Yian
Published: January 2024

Context. Solar filaments, also called solar prominences when appearing on the solar limb, consist of dense, cool plasma suspended in the hot and tenuous corona. They are the main potential sources of solar storms.

Aims. To understand the onset mechanism of solar filaments, we investigated the eruption process of an inverted U-shaped solar filament and two precursory jet-like activities.

Methods. Using observations from the New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST), the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), and the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory-Ahead (STEREO-A), we investigated the event from two distinct observational perspectives: on the solar disk using NVST and SDO, and on the solar limb using STEREO-A. We employed both a nonlinear force-free field model and a potential field model to reconstruct the coronal magnetic field with the aim to understand its magnetic properties.

Results. Two precursor jet-like activities were observed before the eruption, displaying an untwisted rotation. The second activity released an estimated twist of over two turns. During these two jet-like activities, Y-shaped brightenings, which are newly emerging magnetic flux accompanied by magnetic cancellation, and the formation of newly moving fibrils were identified. When these observational features are combined, it can be inferred that these two precursor jet-like activities released the magnetic field that constrained the filament and were caused by newly emerging magnetic flux. Before the filament eruption, it was observed that some moving flows had been ejected from the site as the onset of two jet-like activities, indicating the same physical process as in the two jet-like activities. Extrapolations revealed that the filament was below the height of the decay index of 1.0 and had a strong magnetic field (540 Gauss) and a high twist number (2.4 turns) before the eruption. An apparent rotational motion was observed during the filament eruption.

Conclusions. We deduce that the solar filament, exhibiting an inverted U-shape, is a significantly twisted flux rope. The eruption of the filament was initiated by the release of constraining magnetic fields through continuous magnetic reconnection. This reconnection process was caused by the emergence of new magnetic flux.
Metal-Free N-Formylation of Amines Using Carbohydrates as C1 Synthon via C–C Bond Cleavage
Authors: Gill Manjinder Singh , Atpadkar Shital
Published: January 2024

Formamide group is an important part of many drug molecules, and herein a process for N-formylation of amines using carbohydrates as the C1 synthon under oxidative metal-free reaction conditions has been reported for the first time. Literature syntheses of formamides uses toxic, moisture sensitive and costly reagents under harsh reaction conditions. Our metal-free formylation is a facile, economical, and an efficient process of broad substrate scope that has led to the synthesis of thirty-three N-formylated compounds in excellent isolated yields.
Revolutionizing C–H Activation Reactions: Harnessing Green Solvents for Sustainable Catalysis
Authors: Deshmukh Dewal , Vagadiya Nikunjkumar , Jagtap Samadhan , Malasane Pravin
Published: January 2024

This short review showcases the developing field of C–H activation reactions, with a particular focus on green catalysis through the use of environmentally friendly solvents. It evaluates the effects of these solvents on reaction outcomes, environmental aspects and general efficacy, highlighting their advantages that lead to greater selectivity, lower levels of toxicity and enhanced reaction rates. Water and biobased alternatives such as polyethylene glycols, glycerol, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, γ-valerolactone, methanol, ethanol, p-cymene and diethyl carbonate are representative examples of such solvents. The scope of this short review encompasses studies of different methodologies, catalysts, and reaction conditions that help to develop C–H activation reactions utilizing green solvents.

1 Introduction

2 Water

3 Polyethylene Glycols (PEGs)

4 Glycerol

5 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF)

6 γ-Valerolactone (GVL)

7 Methanol

8 Ethanol

9 p-Cymene

10 Diethyl Carbonate

11 Conclusion
Zinc/Bismuth-Mediated Allylation Reaction of Biomass Feedstocks: Synthesis of Furanic Diols
Authors: Sibi Mukund P. , Biswas Soumen , Kannaboina Prakash
Published: January 2024

Biomass-based diols have been synthesized by a Zn/Bi-mediated Barbier-type of reaction from furanic aldehydes and allyl halides to access allylated diols. The allylated diols can be readily converted into alkylated diols by hydrogenation. These furanic diols could be potential replacements for fossil fuel based bisphenol A (BPA) which has an adverse endocrine-disrupting effect on humans. This mild and green protocol provides symmetric and nonsymmetric diols in high yields. A chemoselective reduction of allylic double bonds provides diols with unique substitution.
The Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire—Aesthetic Surgery: Are We Screening the Troublesome Patients?
Authors: Declau Frank , Pingnet Laura , Smolders Yannick , Fransen Erik , Verkest Valérie
Published: January 2024

This study aims to clarify the current concept of performing rhinoplasty in patients with possible body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). The primary objective was to investigate the validity and evolution over time of the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire—Aesthetic Surgery (BDDQ-AS) before and after surgery. Together with the BDDQ-AS, also the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale, FACE-Q nose and nostrils, and Utrecht questionnaire (UQ) were used for convergent validation. In this prospective study, 187 patients completed these patient-reported outcome measures at four time points: at the preoperative consultation and postoperatively at 3, 6 and 12 months. The preoperative BDDQ-AS positivity rate was as high as 55.1%. Postoperatively, there was a highly significant decrease in the odds of scoring positive on the BDDQ-AS. At the preoperative consultation, positively screened patients were less satisfied with the esthetics of their noses with worse scores on UQ, FACE-Q nose, and visual analog scale. The preoperative differences in outcome measure ratings disappeared postoperatively, except for the FACE-Q nostrils, which surprisingly showed better values in BDDQ-AS positive patients. Younger age and absence of nasal trauma were statistically significant covariates associated with positive BDDQ-AS screening. Due to the overwhelming decrease in positive BDDQ-AS outcomes after surgery, a positive screening result on the BDDQ-AS should not be interpreted as a formal contraindication for surgery. Collaboration with psychologists or psychiatrists remains crucial to diagnose BDD conclusively.
K2CO3-Mediated Intramolecular Oxa-Michael Cyclization of α,β-Unsaturated Ketoximes: Synthesis of Densely Arene-Substituted 2-Isoxazolines Bearing a Quaternary Center
Authors: Bhanuchandra M. , Jat Ram Singh , Kothapalli Raveendrababu
Published: January 2024

An efficient K2CO3-mediated intramolecular oxa-Michael cyclization of β,β-diarylated α,β-unsaturated ketoximes is described. This methodology allows access to arene-rich 2-isoxazoline derivatives bearing a quaternary center in excellent yields with an operationally simple experimental procedure. Deuterium-scrambling experiments were carried out to shed light on the reaction pathway. To demonstrate the synthetic utility of the method, a large-scale synthesis and Ullmann-type C–N bond-formation reaction between pyrazole and dibrominated isoxazoline was performed.
Reperfusion Injury—Postendovascular Recanalization in Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia: A Rare Clinical Case Scenario
Authors: Jain Vikash , Kumar Gowrish P. , Kamani Praful M. , Karavadiya Ashvin C
Published: January 2024

Regardless of the number of vessels involved endovascular recanalization of mesenteric vessels is the treatment of choice for chronic mesenteric ischemia. Reperfusion injury post-endovascular recanalization in chronic mesenteric ischemia is a rare clinical scenario as it is mostly encountered in cases of acute mesenteric ischemia. Here in, we describe a case with characteristic clinical and imaging findings of reperfusion syndrome, post-endovascular recanalization of chronically occluded superior mesenteric artery and severely stenosed celiac trunk in a patient with chronic mesenteric ischemia.
Forgotten globalizing actors: towards an understanding of the range of individuals involved in global norm formation in multinational companies
Authors: Edwards Tony , Kim Kyoungmi , Almond Phil , Kern Philipp , Tregaskis Olga , Zhang Ling Eleanor
Published: January 2024

While there is substantial literature on global mobility, roles in the global integration of multinationals are not limited to internationally mobile staff. We focus on ‘globalizing actors’, defined as those within multinationals who are involved in global norm-making. Using interview-based qualitative data, we categorize individuals’ involvement in global norm-making according to the function within norm formation in which they are involved, their source of influence, and their geographical and organizational reach. We identify nine distinct types of globalizing actors. We demonstrate that many individuals play important roles in global norm-making without having formal hierarchical authority or being globally mobile. Our approach draws attention to the ways in which many globalizing actors use ‘social skill’ to further their aims. Our categorization of such ‘forgotten globalizing actors’ facilitates future research by allowing a fuller understanding of the ways in which individuals across multinationals contribute to global integration.
Walking in the shoes of others through brain-to-brain interfaces: a phenomenological approach to the generation of a collective living body
Authors: Liberati Nicola , Mykhailov Dmytro
Published: January 2024

This paper explores brain-to-brain interfaces (B2BI) as innovative human-technology interactions from a philosophical perspective to show how the implementation of this technology raises new philosophical questions about who we are and how we live in the world. More specifically, this text introduces the emergence of a collective living body through digital technologies from a phenomenological perspective to open the path to analyzing its effects on society. Few studies in the humanities have been focusing on how new human-technology interactions can connect several subjects into one living body by enabling subjects to literally “walk in the shoes of others”. This novel ability radically reframes some philosophical assumptions about what individual subjects are and how to think of them since the boundaries dividing them seem to blur. The constitution of a new type of human-technology interaction changes who we are and how we live, and we need to focus on such a change to tackle the challenges we will have to face in how we think of ourselves and live with others.
Thermomagnetoelectric convective effect in normal and superfluid systems
Authors: Konstantynov O. M.
Published: January 2024

Thermomagnetoelectric effect for the dielectric hydrodynamic system is considered. It is established that in a liquid, which is placed in a magnetic field, the temperature gradient can cause a convective mass flow, which leads to the appearance of an electric field in the surrounding space. The distribution of electric potential for various geometric implementations is calculated. A comparison of the obtained effect for normal and superfluid 4He is performed.
Numerical modeling of metal-dielectric metasurface as an element of microwave sensors for biomedical applications
Authors: Kuznetsova K. S. , Pashynska V. A. , Eremenko Z. E.
Published: January 2024

This paper reports the results of numerical modeling of wave reflection coefficient behavior of the metal-dielectric metasurface at microwaves that can be used for biomedical applications. The study includes optimization of the working parameters of the metasurface-based structure as a sensitive element of a microwave sensoring systems for determination of proteins concentration in different solutions. In the current research a unit with the geometry, which is similar to the geometry of one well of the standard 96-multiwell laboratory microplate, is used as a resonant metasurface unit cell and liquid-holding structure. Human serum albumin (HSA) is used as a protein specimen in our model study. The present numerical modeling is based on the results of our previous experimental measurements of complex permittivity values of HSA water solutions and its biochemical reaction mixtures using microwave dielectrometry method and the developed setup. The unit cell approach calculations are performed by COMSOL Multiphysics software. The optimization of working parameters of the metal-dielectric metasurface structure with tested solutions allow us to observe the resonance effects of the wave reflection coefficient in the microwave range. We can determine the HSA concentration changes in water solutions and enzymatic reaction mixtures by the resonance frequency shift of the wave reflection coefficient of the metal-dielectric metasurface. Developed metal-dielectric metasurface-based structure demonstrates prospects to be used as a sensitive element of microwave sensors for proteins concentration determination with biomedical purposes.
Reduction of g2(0) value in heralded spontaneous parametric down-conversion sources using photon number resolving detectors
Authors: Bruscino C. , Ejrnaes M. , Ercolano P. , Salvoni D. , Zhang C. , Li H. , You L. , Parlato L. , Pepe G. P.
Published: January 2024

Single Photon Sources (SPSs) play a pivotal role in fields such as quantum communication and quantum cryptography by generating information in a secure manner. However, realizing the ideal emission of single photons with high efficiency is still a theoretical model. This leads to the presence of multiphoton components in SPSs, which could potentially compromise security. This study focuses on enhancing the purity of a class of sources by characterizing their photon number distribution and mitigating the impact of the multiphoton components. We propose the use of Photon Number Resolving Detectors (PNRD) as a technique to exclude multiphoton contributions, particularly in sources like Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion sources, where emitted photons can be represented as Two-Mode Squeezed Vacuum states. By analyzing the second-order cross-correlation function, g2(0), using either PNRD or Single Photon Detectors, we can quantify the reduction in multiphoton contributions.
Growth and crystal structure of CdTe1−xSex (x ≥ 0.75) thin films prepared by the method of high-frequency magnetron sputtering
Authors: Kashuba A. I. , Andriyevsky B.
Published: January 2024

CdTe1–xSex (x = 0.75 and 0.95) thin films were deposited on quartz substrate by the method of high-frequency magnetron sputtering. The chemical composition analysis and crystal structure refinement was examined with using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction data. CdTe1–xSex thin films crystallizes in hexagonal structure [structure type—ZnO, space group P63mc (No. 186)]. Unit cell parameters decrease with increasing Se content in CdTe1–xSex thin films. The value of the optical band gap for CdTe0.25Se0.75 and CdTe0.05Se0.95 was estimating using the Tauc plot and from the maximum position of the first derivative of the transmittance dT/dλ.
Low-temperature anomalies of the dielectric permeability of Sn2P2S6 crystals
Authors: Ban H. , Gal D. , Kohutych A. , Molnar A.
Published: January 2024

Low-temperature anomalies of dielectric permittivity of Sn2P2S6 crystals were investigated. It is shown that these phenomena have a relaxation character and the observed anomalies could be related to the small hole polarons dynamics with donor-acceptor compensation processes in lattice with tin and sulfur vacancies. To confirm it, we measured the dielectric properties of tin-enriched and sulfur-enriched crystals. It is shown that deviation from stoichiometry leads to a significant change in the low-temperature anomalies of dielectric losses.
Involvement of cationic sublattices in multiple polarization states in CuInP2S6 ferrielectrics
Authors: Yevych R. , Liubachko V. , Vysochanskii Yu.
Published: January 2024

The contribution of copper and indium cationic sublattices on polarization hysteresis loops in CuInP2S6 van der Waals ferrielectrics has been studied within the quantum anharmonic oscillator model that considers the ordering dynamics of Cu+ cations in the double-well local potential and displacive dynamics of In3+ cations in the three-well shaped potential. The multiple polarization states are manifested as single, double, and triple P(E) hysteresis loops. The triple loops originate from a field-induced ferrielectric to ferroelectric phase transition within a certain range of the phase diagram with continuous increase in the spontaneous polarization below the second-order transition from the paraelectric phase to the ferrielectric state.
Necessary and sufficient symmetries in Event-Chain Monte Carlo with generalized flows and application to hard dimers
Authors: Guyon Tristan , Guillin Arnaud , Michel Manon
Published: January 2024

Event-Chain Monte Carlo (ECMC) methods generate continuous-time and non-reversible Markov processes, which often display significant accelerations compared to their reversible counterparts. However, their generalization to any system may appear less straightforward. In this work, our aim is to distinctly define the essential symmetries that such ECMC algorithms must adhere to, differentiating between necessary and sufficient conditions. This exploration intends to delineate the balance between requirements that could be overly limiting in broad applications and those that are fundamentally essential. To do so, we build on the recent analytical description of such methods as generating piecewise deterministic Markov processes. Therefore, starting with translational flows, we establish the necessary rotational invariance of the probability flows, along with determining the minimum event rate. This rate is identified with the corresponding infinitesimal Metropolis rejection rate. Obeying such conditions ensures the correct invariance for any ECMC scheme. Subsequently, we extend these findings to encompass schemes involving deterministic flows that are more general than mere translational ones. Specifically, we define two classes of interest of general flows: the ideal and uniform-ideal ones. They, respectively, suppress or reduce the event rates. From there, we implement a comprehensive non-reversible sampling of a system of hard dimers by introducing rotational flows, which are uniform-ideal. This implementation results in a speed-up of up to ∼3 compared to the state-of-the-art ECMC/Metropolis hybrid scheme.
Application of calibrated and reusable probes on a home-made scanning probe microscope platform
Authors: Xu Rui , Liu Yi , Yang Zhimu , Jiang Qinmeng , Zhang Yanhui , Wang Jianli
Published: January 2024

The replacement of an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) probe is inevitable due to blunting or contamination of its tip during usage. The fabrication of AFM probes is a complex and costly process, and the mechanical properties of these probes need to be calibrated due to material defects before use, making this procedure intricate. Taking inspiration from the Wollaston probe, we have developed a T-shaped tungsten probe and installed it into a home-made scanning probe microscope. The normal stiffness coefficient of this probe can be determined by gradually eroding the tip and altering the probe mass, resulting in a change in resonance frequency. We assess the reliability of this probe by comparing its scanning topography with that of a commercially available AFM. Furthermore, we investigate the wear resistance of the probe and demonstrate the effectiveness of re-corrosion sharpening after passivation, which yields scanning results equivalent to those obtained with a new probe.
First measurements of an imaging heavy ion beam probe at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak
Authors: Galdon-Quiroga J. , Birkenmeier G. , Oyola P. , Lindl H. , Rodriguez-Gonzalez A. , Anda G. , Garcia-Munoz M. , Herrmann A. , Kalis J. , Kaunert K. , Lunt T. , Refy D. , Rohde V. , Rueda-Rueda J. , Sochor M. , Tal B. , Teschke M. , Videla M. , Viezzer E. , Zoletnik S. ,   ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: January 2024

The imaging heavy ion beam probe (i-HIBP) diagnostic has been successfully commissioned at ASDEX Upgrade. The i-HIBP injects a primary neutral beam into the plasma, where it is ionized, leading to a fan of secondary (charged) beams. These are deflected by the magnetic field of the tokamak and collected by a scintillator detector, generating a strike-line light pattern that encodes information on the density, electrostatic potential, and magnetic field of the plasma edge. The first measurements have been made, demonstrating the proof-of-principle of this diagnostic technique. A primary beam of 85/87Rb has been used with energies ranging between 60 and 72 keV and extracted currents up to 1.5 mA. The first signals have been obtained in experiments covering a wide range of parameter spaces, with plasma currents (Ip) between 0.2 and 0.8 MA and on-axis toroidal magnetic field (Bt) between 1.9 and 2.7 T. Low densities appear to be critical for the performance of the diagnostic, as signals are typically observed only when the line integrated density is below 2.0–3.0 × 1019 m−2 in the central interferometer chord, depending on the plasma shape. The strike line moves as expected when Ip is ramped, indicating that current measurements are possible. Additionally, clear dynamics in the intensity of the strike line are often observed, which might be linked to changes in the edge profile structure. However, the signal-to-background ratio of the signals is hampered by stray light, and the image guide degradation is due to neutron irradiation. Finally, simulations have been carried out to investigate the sensitivity of the expected signals to plasma density and temperature. The results are in qualitative agreement with the experimental observations, suggesting that the diagnostic is almost insensitive to fluctuations in the temperature profile, while the signal level is highly determined by the density profile due to the beam attenuation.
Calibration of toroidal visible bremsstrahlung diagnostics and reconstruction of effective charge profiles in Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR)
Authors: Jang Juhyeok , Seo Dongcheol , Lee Jong-Ha , Kim Ha Jin , Lee Jekil , Ko Won-Ha , Nam Yong Un
Published: January 2024

The investigation of impurity behavior in fusion plasmas is a critical issue in fusion plasma research. The effective charge (Zeff) profile is a widely used measure of the impurity levels in fusion plasmas. In this study, the visible bremsstrahlung emissivity profile is reconstructed using toroidal visible bremsstrahlung (TVB) arrays at Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR). KSTAR TVB arrays have recently been developed and calibrated using a halogen light source and an integrating sphere. The reconstruction algorithm has been developed using the Phillips–Tikhonov method, and the reconstruction accuracy is assessed with test profiles. Electron density and temperature profiles from Thomson scattering diagnostics are fitted for Zeff calculations. Subsequently, the Zeff profiles in the edge localized mode suppression experiment are reconstructed. In addition, line-averaged Zeff values in the 2020 KSTAR campaign are presented, which are mostly distributed from two to four.
Quantum algorithm for lattice Boltzmann (QALB) simulation of incompressible fluids with a nonlinear collision term
Authors: Itani Wael , Sreenivasan Katepalli R. , Succi Sauro
Published: January 2024

We present a full quantum algorithm for the lattice Boltzmann method for simulating fluid flows, the only such algorithm to implement both the streaming and collision substeps as unitary operators using an efficient number of qubits. We use Hamiltonian simulation as the main route underlying the algorithm, and show that it uses qubits that scale logarithmically in the flow Reynolds number but gates that scale only polynomially. We motivate the discussion by a brief overview of existing attempts at simulating classical fluids on quantum computers and present a pedagogical discussion on assigning quantum operators to classical variables in both the streaming and the collision substeps, after highlighting the incompatibility of the latter with the implementations of the streaming step that exists in the literature. We use the Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook ansatz for the collision term, representing the relaxation toward an equilibrium distribution. For nonlinear collisions, we use Kowalski's framework that links the nonlinear dynamics of a system to the evolution of bosonic modes, assigning a Carleman linearization order to the truncation in the Fock space of the bosons. We present the qubit and gate complexities, in terms of the chosen accuracy and the Reynolds number. In the Appendix, we work out the details of implementing the operators of the truncated bosonic Fock space in terms of single-qubit gates as well as the error scaling for a general polynomial driving function.
Convection boundary layers with transpiration: Non-similar solutions and scaling
Authors: Bera Neeladri Sekhar , Puthenveettil Baburaj A.
Published: January 2024

We present a new formulation and novel scaling relations for natural convection boundary layers on horizontal surfaces with weak transpiration velocities Vi, for intermediate Schmidt numbers (or Prandtl numbers Pr) 1<Sc<20. Using characteristic scales derived from integral boundary layer equations, we define a new similarity variable η=(y/x)(Rex/Grx)1/4/Sc1/5 that has Vi within it, where Rex and Grx are the local Reynolds and Grashof numbers based on Vi and the concentration difference ΔC, respectively. Using η, and the dimensionless transpiration velocity ξ=(Rex/Grx1/5)5/4 as a non-similarity variable, we obtain novel, reduced, non-similar boundary layer equations. Numerical solution of these reduced boundary layer equations using a local non-similarity approach gives us the profiles of horizontal velocity and concentration, boundary layer thicknesses, wall shear stress, and mass flux as functions of Sc, for various ξ in the range ξ<1. Using normalizing functions, we then obtain scaling relations for these parameters; we observe extended similarity where the non-similarity parameter ξ itself appears in the obtained similarity scaling relations.
Wake suppression of a cylinder immersed in turbulence using rotating rods
Authors: Song Baiyang , Bao Yan , Zhang Kai , Zhou Dai , Cao Yong
Published: January 2024

In this study, we conducted three-dimensional direct numerical simulations to investigate the control performance of the free-stream turbulence past a circular cylinder with two small rotating rods at Re = 3900. In the case A and case B, two control rods with different rotating ratio α are positioned symmetrically at the circumferential angle θ=±45° and θ=±120° from the forward stagnation point of the main cylinder, respectively. Here, α is the ratio of the tangential velocity of the control rod surface ur to the inflow velocity U∞. Compared to the bare cylinder immersed in turbulence, both installation positions of the rotating rods at α  = 2 result in a significant suppression on the wake flow. Specifically, the time-averaged drag coefficient Cd¯ was reduced by 25%, and the root mean square value of the lift coefficient measured to reduce by up to 30%. Statistical analysis is then performed, in terms of the Reynolds stresses, mean field, and the turbulent wake visualization to show variations in the flow dynamics. As expected, the front-mounted control rods inject kinetic energy into the boundary layer, effectively suppressing the turbulence fluctuations on both sides of the main cylinder. The work done by viscous forces around the rotating control rods and the suppression of turbulent fluctuations contribute to the pressure recovery observed in the rear-mounted control rod case. Proper orthogonal decomposition method is further employed to analyze the key features of the controlled wake of two cases with α  = 2.
Experimental analysis of water-droplet–fiber interaction on a mechanically excited hydrophobic fiber
Authors: Schwarzwaelder A. , Meyer J. , Dittler A.
Published: January 2024

In this study, the dynamics of a single water droplet on a mechanically excited single fiber are investigated fundamentally. By utilizing state-of-the-art high-speed camera technology, the droplet's motion is captured with exceptional temporal resolution, enabling a detailed analysis of its position, size, and kinetics. We can identify distinct motion patterns of a droplet adhering to the fiber, which can exhibit either a static, a tilting, or swinging motion. The swinging and tilting motion can be overlaid with a higher-frequency deformation in response to the fiber excitation. Additionally, we examine the detachment of the droplet from the fiber as well as for the first time the (periodic) reattachment resulting from the mechanical excitation. The used droplet volumes are smaller, and the excitation shown here is greater than the excitation acceleration previously investigated in single fiber studies. Insights into droplet–fiber interactions can provide a better understanding of the mechanisms occurring in coalescence filters in harsh environments, which cannot be observed in situ with high temporal and spacial resolution in a full-scale filter due to the lack of optical access.
An apparatus to study arc-wire direct energy metal deposition additive manufacturing process in a drop tower microgravity platform
Authors: A Adhithya Plato Sidharth , P Niketh , M Venkateshwaran , Amirthalingam Murugaiyan , Subbiah Sathyan
Published: January 2024

Understanding the mechanisms and dynamics of molten metal droplet transfer within the plasma of a directed energy deposition arc process in microgravity is critical for optimizing the build process with minimal defects. This paper presents a unique experimental setup designed to investigate the transfer of molten metal droplets in the microgravity environment of a drop tower. The primary design of the apparatus revolves around accommodating, within the confines of the drop tower experimental capsule, essential components, including a high-speed camera with necessary filters for capturing molten metal droplets, a consumable electrode wire-arc setup, batteries, a linear traverse stage for single bead deposition, sensors, data acquisition systems, online communication systems, and the control system. These systems are secured to withstand the high deceleration forces at the end of a free fall in the drop tower. The arrangement has demonstrated consistent deposition outcomes, capturing clear images of droplet transfers using a high-speed camera along with voltage, current, and temperature data during the microgravity state induced by free fall. This apparatus will serve as a foundational element in establishing a viable additive manufacturing capability for space applications, as it provides fundamental insights into the transfer of molten metal droplets.
Carbide-derived carbon by room temperature chemical etching of MAX phase for supercapacitor application
Authors: Varghese Sophy Mariam , Sarath Kumar S. R. , Rakhi R. B.
Published: January 2024

Porous carbons have attracted substantial interest within the realm of energy storage applications. However, their traditional production methods often involve the use of elevated temperatures. In this study, we introduce a simple technique to transform titanium silicon carbide (Ti3SiC2) MAX phases into porous carbons, known as carbide-derived carbons (CDCs), at room temperature by selective etching of the metal atoms (Ti and Si). We investigate how temperature affects the activation of CDCs so formed with potassium hydroxide to enhance their electrochemical properties. Our results unveil the remarkable potential of CDCs activated at 700 °C, demonstrating superior electrochemical performance with a specific capacitance of 198 F g−1 at a scan rate of 20 mV s−1 in a three-electrode configuration. The symmetric supercapacitor based on CDC-700 maintains a respectable specific capacitance of 98 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and an energy density of 13.7 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1 kW kg−1. This cost-effective approach offers a pathway for large-scale CDC production, with excellent specific supercapacitor characteristics, promising advancements in energy storage technology.