bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peacemakers
Authors: Pardew James W.
Published: May 2018

Peacemakers is a candid, inside account of the US response to the disintegration of Yugoslavia by James Pardew, an official at the heart of American policy-making, diplomacy, and military operations, from the US-led negotiations on Bosnia in 1995 until Kosovo declared independence in 2008. The book describes in colorful detail the drama of war and diplomacy in the Balkans and the motives, character, talents, and weaknesses of the heroes and villains involved. The US engagement in the former Yugoslavia is a major American foreign policy and national security success with lasting implications for the United States, Europe, and the Balkan region. It involves aggressive diplomacy, the selective use of military force and extensive multilateral cooperation. The experience demonstrates the value of American leadership in an international crisis and the critical importance of America’s relationship with European democracies. US engagement in the former Yugoslavia shows the overwhelming benefits of the shared costs and the international legitimacy of multilateral cooperation when responding to a crisis. A capable and determined US-led coalition restores stability and gives the new nations of Southeastern Europe the chance to become successful democracies in the European mainstream. Peacemakers concludes with lessons learned from the Balkan experience and insights on international crisis management of potential value to envoys and foreign policy and national security decision-makers in the future.
The Murder of Betty Gail Brown
Authors: Lawson Robert G.
Published: May 2018

This chapter gives background information on the murder of Betty Gail Brown, a smart, studious student who attended Transylvania College in 1961. On October 26, 1961, Betty Gail went to study with friends on campus. Close to midnight, she got into her Simca and prepared to leave once they were finished, but never made it home. It wasn’t until her parents alerted the authorities that she was found just after 3 a.m., strangled to death by a brassiere.
Cooling Down of a Hot Case
Authors: Lawson Robert G.
Published: May 2018

Investigators invested much time and energy tracking downhundreds of speculative tips and leads trying to find Betty Gail Brown’s murderer. They workedalmost around the clock for days and weeks after the killing,struggled to separate promising tips and leads from unfoundedrumors and speculative beliefs, and at the end of their efforts andstruggles found themselves almost totally baffled by what theystill faced: a horrific murder, no real suspects, no evidence of motive,no clues as to identity of the killer, and a rapidly darkeningroad in front of them.This chapter looks at various people of interest during the course of the investigation, including a former cafeteria worker at Transylvania, a medical technician at St. Joseph’s hospital, and students.
Arrival of a Real Suspect
Authors: Lawson Robert G.
Published: May 2018

On January 16, 1965,Alex Arnold Jr. was thirty-three-year-old man who had been born in Lexington and lived most of his life there, except for two yearsin the military during the Korean War and one year of incarcerationin a state prison in LaGrange, Kentucky. After being released from prison, Arnold found himself in Klamath Falls, Oregon, where he became disorderly in a public place, attracted the attention of a Klamath Falls police officer, and was taken into custody for disorderly conduct and public intoxication. Near the end of his third day of incarceration, Alex Arnold found himself in the middle of an alcohol withdrawal syndrome called delirium tremens and told a jail employee that he was going to kill himself. While under 24-hour watch, Arnold admitted to the murder of Betty Gail Brown.
Analýza výzkumů vizuálií v učebnicích na příkladu učebnic s geografickým obsahem
Authors: Trahorsch Petr , Bláha Jan D. , Janko Tomáš
Published: May 2018

Článek je přehledovou studií, jejímž cílem je vymezit a kriticky zhodnotit metodologické přístupy výzkumů vizuálií v učebnicích s geografickým obsahem. Dalším cílem této studie je shrnout hlavní závěry vědeckých prací a naznačit perspektivy budoucího výzkumu. V rámci odborných prací je zřetelná terminologická nejednotnost označení pro netextovou – ilustrační složku učebnic. Celkem bylo analyzováno 92 studií bez časové a územní specifikace v českém a anglickém jazyce, které byly vyhledány v multioborových časopiseckých fulltextových databázích (konkrétně EBSCO, WoS, SCOPUS, ERIC, ProQuest a Geobibline) pomocí kombinace českých klíčových slov a jejich anglických ekvivalentů. Samotná analýza výzkumů ukázala, že ve výzkumech převládá expertní hodnocení využívající převážně kvantitativně orientované metody, mezi něž patří především kvantitativní obsahová analýza vizuálií; v rámci kvantitativně orientovaného uživatelského hodnocení má klíčový význam metoda dotazníku a didaktického testu. Dále bylo zjištěno nerovnoměrné zastoupení výzkumů vizuálií napříč stupni škol; opomíjenou oblastí výzkumu jsou učebnice pro věkové období ISCED 1. V rámci učebnic geografie mají klíčové zastoupení fotografie; ačkoliv mapy jsou jedněmi z typických geografických vizuálií, jejich podíl na celkovém počtu vizuálií v učebnicích je podle výsledků analyzovaných výzkumů relativně nízký.
Úloha chyb, korektivní zpětné vazby a normy v cizojazyčné výuce s důrazem na výuku angličtiny
Authors: Kalová Simona
Published: May 2018

Tato teoretická studie se zaměřuje na problematiku chyb a na úlohu, kterou hrají v cizojazyčné výuce, zejména ve výuce angličtiny. Jejím cílem je porovnat poznatky o chybách a korektivní zpětné vazbě z české i zahraniční odborné literatury a vyvodit z nich obecné principy, které by našly své uplatnění ve výuce. Podrobněji je pojednáno o otázkách jazykové normy, s důrazem na specifickou situaci normy v současném anglickém jazyce a její dopady na výuku angličtiny jako druhého a cizího jazyka. Tato problematika, v níž nepanuje v odborných kruzích shoda, představuje jedno z významných aktuálních témat ve výuce angličtiny, ale povědomí o ní v českém kontextu dosud není dostatečné. Po teoretickém vymezení klíčových pojmů chyba a norma v první kapitole následuje ve druhé kapitole přehled vývoje přístupu k chybám v diachronní perspektivě. Závěrečná část shrnuje poznatky nejnovějšího výzkumu o úloze chyb ve výuce angličtiny a naznačuje stěžejní principy přístupu k chybám a poskytování zpětné vazby, které je ve výuce třeba respektovat tak, aby zpětná vazba byla pro učení přínosem, a ne překážkou. Důraz je potřeba klást zejména na volbu vhodných strategií poskytování korektivní zpětné vazby v závislosti na konkrétním kontextu výuky.
Pragmatism: All or Some or All and Some?
Authors: Blackburn Simon
Published: May 2018

This chapter explores what is at stake in debates about expressivism and pragmatism. The background is that deflationism about truth and other semantic terms makes it difficult to make sense of old oppositions between realism on the one hand and expressivism or pragmatism on the other. The chapter sees the issue in terms of a desire for naturalistic explanation, or ‘perspicuous representation’ of what we are doing with various parts of discourse and how different elements in discourse contribute variously to its structure. Drawing on work by Jonathan Bennett and Donald Davidson, it sketches an approach to understanding the arrival of fully-fledged linguistic capacities, in terms of the practices and doings that they make possible.
Pragmatism and Anscombe on the First Person
Authors: Heal Jane
Published: May 2018

Anscombe’s famous paper on the first person makes claims which may seem bewildering or absurd, that we have ‘unmediated conceptions’ of some of our states and actions, that these conceptions are ‘subjectless’, and also, very controversially, that ‘I’ does not refer. Anscombe would not have identified herself as a pragmatist. But we can gain insight into and sympathy with some of these claims (even if we do not end up fully endorsing all of them) by seeing that they arise from her asking central pragmatist questions about ‘I’, that is how we use the word and why using it that way is important for us. Her answer centres on what she calls ‘self-consciousness’, that is, our ability to speak for ourselves, to say how things are with us, or what we are doing without checking to make sure that it is really ourselves we are speaking about.
Wittgenstein’s Rain in the ‘Philosophical Desert’: Pragmatist Ideas in Post-War Oxford
Authors: Glock Hans-Johann
Published: May 2018

Although Wittgenstein described post-war Oxford as a ‘philosophical desert’, his ideas greatly fertilized Oxford philosophy. This chapter deals with the role pragmatist ideas played in this influence. Neither Wittgenstein nor Oxford conceptual analysts (Ryle, Austin, Strawson, Grice) were part of the historical movement of ‘Pragmatism’ (Peirce, James, Dewey, Mead, Lewis), yet both display intriguing similarities and dissimilarities with ideas that are pragmatist in a looser sense. They subscribe to the fundamental tenet that philosophically contentious concepts must be elucidated by characterizing their role within human practices. There is a shared tendency to avoid both epistemological naturalism and ontological super-naturalism, and contrasting attitudes towards meta-philosophical naturalism and matters of philosophical style. As regards meaning, there are parallel transitions from reference to use. Whereas Wittgenstein and the Oxonians are alethic realists, pragmatist theories make truth dependent on our beliefs or expediences. At the same time, they all acknowledge an anthropological dimension to the bearers of truth-values—propositions—which are understood as thinkables and sayables.
Fragilidade e desempenho cognitivo de idosos em atendimento ambulatorial
Authors: Grden Clóris Regina Blanski , Ivastcheschen Taís , Cabral Luciane Patrícia Andreani , Reche Péricles Martim , Rodrigues Carla Regina Blanski , Borges Pollyanna Kássia de Oliveira
Published: May 2018

Objetivo: Investigar la asociación entre el síndrome de fragilidad y desempeño cognitivo de adultos mayores en atención ambulatoria. Método: Investigación transversal, con muestra por conveniencia de 374 adultos mayores que aguardaban consulta de especialidad en un hospital de enseñanza, de noviembre de 2015 a noviembre de 2016. La recogida de datos se realizó con el Mini Examen del Estado Mental y la Escala de Fragilidad de Edmonton. Los datos se organizaron y analizaron en el software Stata versión 12®, se describieron por medidas de frecuencia, media y desvío estándar. Se comprobó asociación entre las variables con las pruebas F de Fisher y t de Student. Los resultados se evaluaron por el nivel de significancia p <0,05. Resultados: predominio de mujeres (67,4%), edad promedio 67,9 años, casados (56,4%), baja escolaridad (55, 1%), vivía con la familia (46%). Para las variables clínicas 97,1% afirmó tener alguna enfermedad, 92,3% utilizaba algún medicamento, 57% no mencionó pérdida de orina, 65,8% no se había caído en los últimos 12 meses y 69,8% no había estado internado en los últimos 12 meses. El síndrome de fragilidad fue clasificado como no frágil un 30,5%; aparentemente vulnerable a la fragilidad 29,4% y 40,1% con algún grado de fragilidad. Se identificó la relación estadística significativa entre el síndrome de fragilidad y el desempeño cognitivo (p <0,001). Conclusión: la evaluación del síndrome de fragilidad y desempeño cognitivo con instrumentos validados permite que enfermeros y profesionales de la salud planifiquen los cuidados gerontológicos de los adultos mayores.
Aproximações entre habilidades sociais, gerência do cuidado de enfermagem e o pensamento complexo
Authors: Montezeli Juliana Helena , Haddad Maria do Carmo Fernandez Lourenço , Peres Aida Maris , Matsuda Laura Misue
Published: May 2018

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido reflexionar sobre las interfaces entre las habilidades sociales y la gestión de los cuidados de enfermería desde la perspectiva de la complejidad. Estudio descriptivo tipo ensayo reflexivo fundamentado en la base teórico-filosófica del pensamiento complejo y percepciones de las autoras. Las habilidades sociales incluyen distintos comportamientos sociales que el individuo adopta para manejar adecuadamente las demandas de las situaciones interpersonales. Se mezclan al cotidiano de la gestión de los cuidados de enfermería, lo cual implica relacionarse con los demás y, para ello, el tener un comportamiento socialmente hábil. Se trata de un proceso de múltiples facetas, hologramático, no lineal y, por ello, el cartesianismo no es suficiente para su sustentación epistemológica. Las reflexiones siguen los principios del pensamiento complejo y se llega a la conclusión que las relaciones interpersonales desarrolladas por los enfermeros a partir de competencias logradas con un comportamiento socialmente hábil representan una importante fuerza motriz para que la gestión de los cuidados se aleje de la práctica reduccionista y mecanicista.
Conhecimento de acadêmicos de enfermagem e fisioterapia sobre higiene das mãos
Authors: Feldhaus Carine , Loro Marli Maria , Rutke Thays Cristina Berwig , Matter Priscila da Silva , Kolankiewicz Adriane Cristina Bernat , Stumm Eniva Miladi Fernandes
Published: May 2018

Objetivo: Analizar el conocimiento sobre la higienización de las manos (HM) desde la perspectiva del estudiante de enfermería y fisioterapia de una universidad privada. Método: Estudio transversal, cuantitativo, realizado en una universidad privada del interior del estado de Rio Grande do Sul, con estudiantes de Enfermería y Fisioterapia. Los datos se recogieron mediante la prueba de conocimiento sobre HM para profesionales de la salud y un cuestionario para identificar el perfil sociodemográfico. Se utilizó el programa PASW Statistics® para la inserción y análisis descriptivo de datos. La prueba Chi-cuadrado de Pearson se empleó para determinar la existencia de asociación entre variables. Resultados: participaron 126 estudiantes, prevaleció el sexo femenino y edad hasta 27 años. Los participantes afirmaron que las manos eran el medio principal de transmisión de microorganismos patógenos. El estudiante de fisioterapia, en general, desconoce el tiempo mínimo necesario para que la preparación alcohólica tenga efectividad. La totalidad de los participantes afirmó que la HM es necesaria antes del contacto con el paciente. El estudiante de enfermería demuestra conocimiento superior en lo que se refiere a la necesidad de HM después del contacto con superficies cerca del paciente y de aquéllas que puedan contaminar las manos, demostrando diferencia estadísticamente significativa de conocimiento entre ambos cursos. Conclusión: se evidenciaron algunas lagunas, sobre todo en lo referente a los cinco momentos de la HM, lo que indica la necesidad de reforzar este tema en la formación académica, con vistas a la seguridad del paciente.
Ser mulher quilombola
Authors: Prates Lisie Alende , Cremonese Luiza , Wilhelm Laís Antunes , Oliveira Gabriela , Timm Marcella Simões , Castiglioni Críslen Malavolta , Ressel Lúcia Beatriz
Published: May 2018

Objetivo: Revelar los sentimientos de un grupo de mujeres sobre su identidad quilombola (perteneciente al quilombo). Método: Investigación de campo descriptiva, de enfoque cualitativo y dimensión antropológica, realizada con 13 mujeres de una comunidad quilombola del interior del estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Los datos se recogieron en febrero de 2014 mediante la técnica de Grupo Focal. Se utilizó la técnica de dibujo para permitir la interacción y la expresión de los sentimientos de las participantes. Se aplicó el análisis de contenido temático de la propuesta operativa; los datos se interpretaron según la antropología interpretativa. Resultados: Las mujeres sienten orgullo y felicidad de su identidade quilombola. La vida en el quilombo les transmite a ellas la sensación de libertad. Conclusión: Los sentimientos se mezclan con sensaciones de ansiedad, inseguridad y esperanza, debido a las condiciones adversas que se viven en el quilombo.
‘These transient meetings’
Authors: Callaghan Madeleine
Published: May 2018

In Alastor and Laon and Cythna, Shelley translates his ‘feelings and opinions’ into poetry that draws strongly on his personal experiences without resorting to crude confession. Reading Shelley’s letter to Thomas Jefferson Hogg at the end of August 1815 in the light of Alastor, and Shelley’s letter to Mary Godwin on 28 October 1814 in the context of Laon and Cythna, this chapter traces how the pressure of biography, the role of the poet, and how the letters might inform the poetry, become vitally important to Alastor and Laon and Cythna as Shelley seeks to refigure his life in his poetry.
‘In a style very different’
Authors: Callaghan Madeleine
Published: May 2018

Shelley’s preoccupation with embodying power struggle in language remains constant in The Cenci and Prometheus Unbound. This chapter argues that instead of reading Prometheus Unbound and The Cenci as antinomies, there is a difficult doubling between the poetical dramas. Shelley’s letter to Thomas Love Peacock of 6 November 1818 offers a suggestive perspective on the dramas through its fascination with the poet’s response to tyranny. The corruption of poets by a tyrannical society in Shelley’s Defence of Poetry is Beatrice’s destruction at her father’s hands writ large, and in Prometheus Unbound, Prometheus combines poetic with political power as he grows into his role as poet. This chapter reads experimentation as not merely formal but as ethical. Embodiment rather than description becomes the hallmark of Shelleyan drama
Leaving the Periphery Behind
Authors: Colmeiro José
Published: May 2018

Examines the contemporary Galician audio/visual fields as key areas of cultural deperipheralization and for reimagining Galicianess in the global map. It focuses on the emergence of a new generation of Galician creators, and focuses on the film Hotel Tívoli, directed by Antón Reixa, as a pivotal point of transition.
Sedentary behaviors and psychological outcomes among older adults: a systematic review
Authors: Ramalho André , Petrica João , Rosado António
Published: May 2018

This systematic review aimed to synthesize the scientific evidence about the relationship between sedentary behaviours and various psychological outcomes in older adults. The study searches were conducted in the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, ISI Web of Knowledge and ScienceDirect. We selected 15 observational quantitative studies according to specific eligibility criteria. The data extraction was performed independently by different authors, including the evaluation of the risk of bias of the studies and the classification of the force of evidence. The results showed a tendency of showing no associations between the sedentary behaviours, the well-being and quality of life of the elderly. Concerning life satisfaction and perceived stress, it seems that active sedentary activities have positive effects on these indicators. Evidence has also suggested that some sedentary behaviours may help maintain some cognitive functions in the elderly population, namely in different types of memory. In other studies, it has been demonstrated a tendency that too much time in passive sedentary activities has been associated with depressive symptomatology. However, this review suggested that the evidence is not yet consistent in the relationship between the sedentary behaviours of the elderly and the indicators analysed, and more research is needed.
Flow predisposition in Brazilian rugby athletes
Authors: Silva Gisele Maria , Gomes Simone Salvador , Zanetti Marcelo Callegari , Brandão Maria Regina Ferreira
Published: May 2018

Flow describes a mental state in which people seem to flow when they demonstrate a productive and motivated effort. This study sought to understand the significance that rugby athletes attribute to the flow state, the perception of the phenomena in the sports practice and the implications on performance. For that, 8 male athletes participated in the study, representing the juvenile and senior teams submitted to a semi-structured interview. The results indicated that flow occurs in situations that present balance between personal skills and challenges in sports activity. Success in the game, positive emotions, support/encouragement, recognition and overcoming were aspects that marked the experience elected as special. Making use of psychological strategies, high levels of concentration, feeling prepared for the game and positive emotions were cited as fundamental in achieving flow in the game. On the other hand, some aspects, besides causing harm, interrupted the flow: negative emotions, not perceiving one's self as prepared for the challenge, concentration problems, intragroup difficulties. Negative emotions and the feeling that one is not prepared for the challenge were aspects mentioned only by juvenile athletes. The athletes´ speech showed that although they could not describe the flow, they had already experienced this psychological state.
Participatory Contact Zones and Conflict Transformation: The Participatory Intensities of the Cyprus Friendship Program
Authors: Yüksek Derya , Carpentier Nico
Published: May 2018

DESPITE THE CELEBRATORY APPROACH TOWARDS COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN PEACE-BUILDING, LESS ATTENTION HAS BEEN PLACED ON THE PARTICIPATORY PROCESS ITSELF, LEAVING AMBIGUOUS HOW, AND TO WHAT DEGREE, POWER IS ACTUALLY REDISTRIBUTED IN THESE PROCESSES. THIS ARTICLE AIMS TO ADDRESS THIS GAP BY FURTHER DEVELOPING TORRE’S CONCEPT OF THE PARTICIPATORY CONTACT ZONE. THIS NOTION FIRST STRUCTURES A MAPPING OF CYPRIOT BI-COMMUNAL EDUCATION-RELATED PROJECTS (2010-2015) AND THEN SUPPORTS AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF ONE PROJECT, THE CYPRUS FRIENDSHIP PROGRAM (CFP). THIS CASE STUDY USES CARPENTIER’S FOUR-LEVEL, TWELVE-STEP MODEL FOR PARTICIPATORY ANALYSIS TO SCRUTINIZE THE PARTICIPATORY INTENSITY OF THE CFP’S ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES, FOCUSING ON THE POWER POSITION OF THE INVOLVED YOUNGSTERS. IT SHOWS THAT TEENAGERS PARTICIPATE IN THE CFP AT VARYING DEGREES: WHILE THEIR POWER POSITION ON A MORE STRUCTURAL LEVEL IS LIMITED, THERE ARE THREE AREAS WHERE THESE YOUNGSTERS BECOME MORE EMPOWERED: CO-ORGANIZATION (AT LOWER LEVELS), THE TEAMWORK DURING ACTIVITIES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW INITIATIVES.
Touchy Art: A Phenomenological Approach to Artistic Practice in Stigmatised Neighbourhoods
Authors: Taylor Gretel , Warr Deborah
Published: May 2018

THIS PAPER OUTLINES AN ARTISTIC METHOD COMBINING A SOCIALLY ENGAGED AND SITE-RESPONSIVE ARTS PRACTICE WITH SOCIOLOGICAL DISCURSIVE REFLECTION THAT AIMED TO CHALLENGE THE STIGMATISING STEREOTYPES ASSOCIATED WITH MANY LOW-INCOME NEIGHBOURHOODS IN AUSTRALIA. WE CHARACTERISE OUR APPROACH AS ‘TOUCHY’ TO DRAW ATTENTION TO ISSUES THAT INFORMED OUR APPROACH: THE SENSITIVITY OF THE TOPIC OF STIGMA FOR RESIDENTS; THE NEED FOR A PHENOMENOLOGICAL METHOD THAT SENSITISED PARTICIPANTS TO SEE/PERCEIVE BEYOND STEREOTYPES; AND AIMS OF CREATING EXPERIENTIAL AND TACTILE ARTWORKS THAT COULD ENGAGE LOCAL AND WIDER AUDIENCES IN THE ISSUES. THE PAPER DISCUSSES OUR RATIONALE FOR THE METHOD AND EXPLICATES COMPONENTS OF THE APPROACH – EXCURSIONS, WORKSHOP ACTIVITIES AND EXHIBITIONS – AND DRAWS ON ARTEFACTS, ARTWORKS AND INTERVIEW MATERIAL TO VISUALISE AND GIVE VOICE TO PARTICIPANTS’ EXPERIENCES OF THE PROJECT. ARTISTIC AND SOCIAL OUTCOMES WERE SUGGESTIVE OF THE POTENTIAL OF THIS APPROACH TO DEVELOP ALTERNATIVE, EXPERIENTIAL PORTRAYALS THAT MIGHT CHALLENGE THE PERSISTENTLY NEGATIVE STEREOTYPING OF LOW-INCOME NEIGHBOURHOODS.
Cost-Consequence Analysis of Three Different Diagnostic Strategies in the First- and Second-Line Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Gancitano Giovanni , Ravasio Roberto , Dionisi Matteo , Cortinovis Diego
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND: Unlike the tissue one, liquid biopsy is a less invasive diagnostic method for the assessment of possible mutations of the tumor, based on the analysis of circulating free DNA (cfDNA) present in the plasma component of the blood. Because blood samples are easily obtainable, plasma biopsy is a non-invasive method, supplementing the more traditional biopsy techniques.AIM: A cost-consequence analysis was conducted to compare the adoption of three different diagnostic strategies in the first- and second-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC: i) tissue strategy (only tissue biopsy for first and second line), ii) combined strategy (first line: tissue biopsy. If unknown, liquid biopsy; second line: liquid biopsy. If negative, tissue biopsy) and iii) potential strategy (first line: tissue biopsy. If unknown or tissue ineligible, liquid biopsy; secondline: liquid biopsy. If negative, tissue biopsy).METHODS: A decision-analytic model was developed considering the Italian NHS’s perspective. We only evaluated direct medical costs (tissue biopsy, management of complications associated with tissue and liquid biopsies) borne by the NHS. The CCA was conducted over a time horizon of 1 year, assuming that for each patient with mNSCLC the diagnosticpathway (first- and second-line treatment) ended within such period. Key variables were tested in the sensitivity analysis.RESULTS: Considering both the first and the second line of treatment, the potential strategy constitutes the cost-effective alternative, characterized by an average cost per correctly identified case (€ 685) lower than that estimated for the combined strategy (€ 732) or for the tissue strategy (€ 1,004). The potential strategy remains cost-effective, also considering the results referred to the first- or second-line treatment only.CONCLUSION: The choice of a correct diagnostic strategy is crucial in order to optimize cancer therapies in the first- and second-line treatment of locally advanced or metastasized NSCLC. The addition to the diagnostic pathway of the liquid biopsy would correctly identify a greater number of cases, supporting the prescription of the best oncological therapy.
Quaderns de filosofia IV, 2
Authors: Fia Quad
Published: May 2018

Número complet
Respuestas a los comentaristas
Authors: Moya Carlos
Published: May 2018

Replies to commentators

Respuestas a los comentarios críticos de Carlos Patarroyo, Mirja Pérez de Calleja y Pablo Rychter.
Quaderns de filosofia V, 1
Authors: Fia Quad
Published: May 2018

Quaderns de filosofia V, 1
 Número complet / Número completo / Full Issue
In Pursuit of Politics
Authors: O'Connor Adrian
Published: May 2018

In pursuit of politics offers a new interpretation of debates over education and politics in the early years of the French Revolution. Following these debates from the 1760s to the early years of the Republic (1792-94), and putting well-known works in dialogue with previously-neglected sources, it situates education at the center of revolutionary contests over citizenship, participatory politics, and representative government.Education was central to how people thought about what was possible, desirable, and achievable in eighteenth-century France. With that in mind, In pursuit of politics uses the debates over education as a window onto one of history’s most dramatic periods of political uncertainty and upheaval, anxiety and ambition. It weaves together debates taking place among Enlightenment writers, philosophes, royal and institutional administrators and, later, among revolutionary legislators, private citizens, political clubs, and provincial schoolmasters. This book explores the relationship between the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, highlights the emergence of “public instruction” as a revolutionary pedagogy, and allows us to think in new ways about how the citizens and statesmen of eighteenth-century France tried to navigate modern politics at their tumultuous start.
The (feminised) contemporary Conservative Party
Authors: Campbell Rosie , Childs Sarah
Published: May 2018

This chapter argues that party feminization – the integration of women and women’s issues– is best understood as a process rather than an end point; as such we explore continuity and change in the extent to which the UK Conservative party has incorporated women’s bodies and concerns into the party hierarchy and policy in the 2010-2015 period. In so doing it acknowledges that any assessment of the feminization varies according to the variety of feminist thought that is used to make the appraisal; notwithstanding evidence of the acceptance of liberal feminism and in some cases, such as violence against women, radical feminism, leftist feminists are highly critical of the harmful effects on women of the party’s austerity politics. The chapter also explores gender and the vote at the 2015 General Election; it finds that the Conservatives continued to do well among women, particularly among the older generations.
Product Market Regulation and Competitiveness: Toward a National Competition and Competitiveness Policy for Greece1
Authors: Katsoulacos Yannis , Genakos Christos , Houpis George
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the competitiveness of product markets in Greece. One of the main determinants of competitiveness is the quality of the set of rules and regulations that govern the operation of markets. These should promote competition, investment and entrepreneurship. Heavy and low-quality regulation is generally associated with greater inefficiency and poor economic outcomes. This chapter describes competitiveness in the Greek economy and its evolution over time using various internationally comparable indicators that cover many dimensions of competitiveness. It demonstrates that product markets in Greece are among the most heavily and misregulated markets of advanced countries, though the reforms that took place during 2011–2014 had a positive impact. The chapter investigates in greater depth the misregulation of product markets, identifying possible causes and illustrating through case studies. It makes the case for a National Competition and Competitiveness Policy plan to improve the regulatory institutions and reduce regulatory burden. Finally, it looks at the successes and failures of regulatory reform history in two important markets: energy and telecommunications.
Privatizations: Auction and Market Design during a Crisis1
Authors: Skreta Vasiliki
Published: May 2018

This chapter has three main goals. First, to give an account of privatizations in Greece, both before and during the crisis. Second, to offer a framework to think about the costs and benefits of privatizations, based both on theory and on empirical evidence. Third, to provide insights from economic theory on how best privatizations should be organized.
Mind
Authors: McGinn Colin
Published: May 2018

This introductory chapter discusses philosophical issues in mind. For some time now consciousness has been at the center of discussions of the mind–body problem. One might say that the mind–body problem is the consciousness–brain problem. However, much the same problems that afflict consciousness also afflict unconsciousness: unconscious mental states are as problematic as conscious mental states, and for essentially the same reasons. The chapter also analyzes the concept of the paraconscious, which exists alongside consciousness and replicates it in crucial respects. It delves further into cognition and emotion, the second brain, awareness of time, mind–brain identity theories, actions and reasons, the relationship between consciousness and light, and the thought of language.
Language
Authors: McGinn Colin
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines philosophical issues in language. A very influential trend in philosophy is the notion that different kinds of sentence have different kinds of meaning—that sentence meaning is not a unitary affair. One might call this view “meaning pluralism.” In contrast, the rejected view can be called “meaning monism”—the doctrine that sentences are all of one type, that meanings are always uniformly the same, that there is something deeply common to all meaningful utterances. The chapter then looks at the concept of language-games, and studies meaning and communication, the private language, the public language, the verification and truth conditions theory of meaning, and arguments.
Knowledge
Authors: McGinn Colin
Published: May 2018

This chapter focuses on philosophical issues in knowledge. Tradition insists that knowledge falls into two broad classes: a priori knowledge and a posteriori knowledge. These categories are conceived as exclusive and exhaustive: no piece of knowledge is both a priori and a posteriori, and any piece of knowledge is one or the other. One can characterize a posteriori knowledge as knowledge acquired by means of the senses (“by experience”) and a priori knowledge as knowledge not so acquired, but rather acquired “by reason alone” or “intuitively.” The chapter then addresses the proof or evidence of the existence of an external world, and looks deeper into what knowledge is and whether knowledge implies truth.
Biology
Authors: McGinn Colin
Published: May 2018

This chapter addresses philosophical issues in biology, starting with a discussion of human altruism. If the genes produce only organisms that favor their own survival, then it will not be possible for there to be organisms that act so as to benefit other organisms. Therefore, there seems to be no room for altruism in the biological world. Nor does it seem plausible that genuine human altruism arises as a necessary by-product of some highly advantageous adaptation—as it might be, rational thought—since it is hard to see why something so disadvantageous would not be selected against, or why rational thought would necessarily give rise to altruism as a by-product. The chapter then considers the evolution of color, the language of evolution, immaterial Darwinism, and trait selection.
Ethics
Authors: McGinn Colin
Published: May 2018

This chapter looks at philosophical issues in ethics. Philosophers have raised many problems with consequentialism over the years, usually claiming that it gives the wrong intuitive results in certain special cases, particularly concerning justice. However, the problem the chapter raises is more structural and cuts deeper: consequentialism is wrong as a matter of principle, not just as a matter of detail. It contains an inbuilt defect. The chapter then discusses the concept of utilitarianism, the basic principle of which is that one is morally obliged to “maximize utility.” It also determines what makes being alive a good thing, and examines physical noncognitivism, the treatment of children, modesty and self-knowledge, and romantic self-love.
Religion
Authors: McGinn Colin
Published: May 2018

This concluding chapter assesses philosophical issues in religion. It begins by analyzing whether the problem of evil really demonstrates that the existence of God is inconsistent with the existence of evil. The chapter argues that the traditional concept of God is not as omniscient, omnipotent, and perfectly virtuous inherently and irremediably paradoxical, given the existence of evil. The essence of the problem concerns God's apparent tolerance for suffering, especially extreme suffering on the part of innocent people and animals. This seems to show that he is not perfectly good, given his power and knowledge; indeed, it is often taken to show he must himself be quite evil. The chapter then delves deeper into the coexistence of God and the Devil, as well as the religion of hate.
Technically Together
Authors: Dotson Taylor
Published: May 2018

This book provides an account of community through the lens of the politics of technology. That is, how do the artifacts, infrastructures, sociotechnical systems and techniques that constitute everyday life influence the answer to “who gets what community, when and how?” This book responds with a conceptualization of community as a multidimensional phenomenon, which aids in the illustration of how different techniques, artifacts, organizational technologies and infrastructures encourage or constrain the enactment of the various dimensions of communality. Later chapters build upon this analysis, asking “How might everyday technologies better support a thicker practice of community life?” In order to describe how more community-supportive technological societies might be possible, the various social barriers to thick communitarian technologies are explored. In other words, what policies, subsidies, institutional arrangements and patterns of thought would need to change in order to enable more citizens to strive toward thicker local communities? The book ends with a proposal for an “intelligent trial-and-error” approach to governing innovation so that any risks posed to thick community are reduced. Intelligent trial-and-error, however, is not merely a means for ensuring that technical innovations are properly assessed prior to adoption according to their effects on community life but also constitutes a set of strategies that can help assure the success of communitarian technologies. This book, as a result, contributes to the “reconstructivist” school of science and technology studies and extends the political philosophy of technology toward the good of community.
Fred Forest's Utopia
Authors: Leruth Michael F.
Published: May 2018

This book introduces readers to the iconoclastic work of the French media artist Fred Forest. A pioneer in the fields of video art in the 1960s and internet art in the 1990s, and cofounder of the Sociological Art Collective (1974) and the Aesthetics of Communication International Group (1983), Forest is best known as an ironic media hijacker and tinkerer of unconventional interfaces and alternative platforms for interactive communication that are accessible to the general public outside the exclusive precincts of the art world. He has also made headlines as an outspoken critic of the French contemporary art establishment, most famously by suing the Centre Pompidou in 1994 over its opaque acquisitions practices. This book surveys Forest’s work from the late 1960s to the present with particular emphasis on his prankster modus operandi, his advocacy of an existentially relevant form of counter-contemporary art―or “invisible system-art”―based on the principle of metacommunication (i.e., tasked with exploring the “immanent realities” of the virtual territory in which modern electronic communication takes place), his innovative “social” and “relational” use of a wide range of media from newspapers to Second Life, his attention-grabbing public interventions, and the unusual utopian dimension of his work. Never a hot commodity in the art world, Forest’s work has nonetheless garnered the attention and appreciation of a wide range of prominent intellectuals, critics, curators, technology innovators, and fellow artists including Marshall McLuhan, Edgar Morin, Vilém Flusser, Abraham Moles, Jean Duvignaud, Paul Virilio, Pierre Lévy, Pierre Restany, Frank Popper, Harald Szeeman, Robert C. Morgan, Vinton Cerf, Roy Ascott, and Eduardo Kac.
True Enough
Authors: Elgin Catherine Z.
Published: May 2018

Epistemology standardly holds that there can be no epistemically good reason to accept a known falsehood or to accept a mode of justification that is not truth-conducive. Such a stance cannot accommodate science, for science unabashedly relies on models, idealizations, and thought experiments which are known not to be true. We ought not assume that the inaccuracy of such devices is a sign of their inadequacy. When effective, they are felicitous falsehoods that exemplify features they share with the phenomena they bear on. Inasmuch as works of art also deploy felicitous falsehoods, they too advance understanding. True Enough develops a holistic epistemology that focuses on the understanding of broad ranges of phenomena rather than on knowledge of individual facts. Epistemic acceptability on this account is not a matter of truth or truth-conduciveness, but of what would be reflectively endorsed by members of an idealized epistemic community – a quasi-Kantian realm of epistemic ends.
The Birth of the Environment and the Evolution of Environmental Governance
Authors: Meadowcroft James
Published: May 2018

The concept of the environment is today so closely interwoven into political argument that it is hard to imagine a world without it. But the contemporary understanding of the environment as a nature on which we depend, but that threatened by human activity, is a comparatively new creation. This chapter explores the emergence of this modern conception of 'the environment', considers its uptake in political practice, and examines some of its difficulties and ambiguities.
Thought Insertion Clarified
Authors: Ratcliffe Matthew
Published: May 2018

This chapter begins by considering the possibility that a number of factors contribute to the sense of being in an intentional state, and that these can come into conflict. The remainder of the chapter argues that thought insertion (TI) and certain kinds of auditory verbal hallucination (AVH) are to be understood in this way. There is a difference between experiencing a process of thinking as alien and experiencing thought content as alien. It is argued that TI involves the latter. Hence it could just as well be described as experiencing one’s own thought contents in a strange, perception-like way. To further support this interpretation, the chapter considers AVHs and shows that a substantial proportion of experiences that are described in AVH terms can equally be conveyed in terms of TI. What we have is an anomalous experience that lies somewhere between thinking and perceiving. The content of the experience continues to resemble that of a thought. Even so, a sense of perceiving predominates. The chapter concludes by arguing that it is unhelpful to conceive of AVH / TI in terms of a distinction between agency and subjectivity or ownership.
Voices of Anxiety
Authors: Ratcliffe Matthew
Published: May 2018

This chapter develops a detailed account of what auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) consist of and how they arise. It focuses, to begin with, on those that involve a quasi-perceptual experience of ‘inner speech’ or ‘inner dialogue’. Such experiences are often preceded by heightened social anxiety, and it is argued that anxious anticipation of one’s own thought contents as they arise can constitute an experience of thought content as ‘alien’. This approach is then broadened to accommodate not only inner dialogue but also imagination and memory. The chapter further proposes that other kinds of AVH, which are experienced as external in origin and more akin to veridical auditory experiences, can likewise be accounted for in terms of anxious anticipation, but that they come about in a different way. It is also made clear how AVHs can fall somewhere in between the ‘internal, non-auditory’ and ‘external, auditory poles’, rather than fitting neatly into one or the other category. The chapter concludes by noting that AVHs tend to be associated with wider-ranging disturbances in a person’s relationship with the social world, which are often preceded by unpleasant interpersonal circumstances.
Trauma and Trust
Authors: Ratcliffe Matthew
Published: May 2018

This chapter address the nature of certain non-localized phenomenological disturbances that often follow traumatic events inflicted by other people. These events are frequently described as shattering something that was previously in place. A kind of all-enveloping trust, confidence, or certainty is eroded or lost. To interpret such experiences, the chapter introduces and further develops an analysis offered by Edmund Husserl in some of his later work, according to which the modalities of intentionality depend for their integrity on a distinctive kind of anticipation-fulfilment structure, which involves a habitual, bodily sense of certainty. First-person accounts of traumatic experience point to global disruption of this structure. Interpersonal trauma might by thought to impact on how one experiences and relates to other people, rather than the world more generally. However, the chapter concludes by showing that the style of our interpersonal relations is inextricable from the wider integrity of experience.
Varieties of Hallucination
Authors: Ratcliffe Matthew
Published: May 2018

This chapter widens the scope of the discussion, to include types of hallucination not so far considered. It begins by drawing on Merleau-Ponty’s remarks on hallucination in Phenomenology of Perception, in order to identify a type of experience that differs both from orthodox hallucination and from the kinds of experience described in earlier chapters. The chapter goes on to consider auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) that console and bring comfort. The discussion focuses specifically on kinds of ‘hallucination’ that arise during grief. The phenomenology of grief serves to further illustrate the extent to which the integrity of experience depends on relations with others, and -in this case- on specific individuals. It is also noted that, during profound grief, experiences of the presence and absence of the deceased are multi-faceted and often ambiguous. Hence it is wrong to think of these experiences in simple terms, as someone seeming to be there or seeming not to be there. Again, it is apparent that the sense of ‘presence’ and ‘reality’ is not singular or unitary.
Introduction
Authors: Keller Heidi , Bard Kim A. , Lupp Julia R.
Published: May 2018

Science, and by extension society, requires a comprehensive theory of attachment to guide research and practice—one grounded in a contextualized conception of attachments and their development, which encompasses knowledge from diverse disciplines engaged in the study of human development. To improve on the current paradigm, this volume embraces the diversity of attachment systems across cultures and primate species, and assesses the core assumptions and methods of attachment theory. Resultant understanding is used to project an updated version of attachment theory—one that can be applied across cultures. Suggestions for more culturally sensitive research methods are proposed and ideas applicable to current practice and policies discussed. A reconceptualized theory of attachment is presented based on principles that are generalizable, valid, and reliable across diverse primates and diverse human cultures. In addition, the need to make adjustments in attachment philosophy is stressed, and strategies are discussed to communicate and work with researchers, policymakers, practitioners, and other stakeholders.
Is the Mother Essential for Attachment?
Authors: Keller Heidi , Chaudhary Nandita
Published: May 2018

Attachment theory is predicated on the assumption of dyadic relationships between a child and one or a few significant others. Despite its recognition of alloparenting in some cultural environments, current attachment research is heavily biased toward the mother as the major attachment figure in the life of the developing child. This chapter presents evidence that diverse childcare arrangements exist in cultures that differ from Western norms and shows how these are equally normative in their respective cultural contexts. In these settings, alloparenting is neither chaotic nor unstable; it is the norm, not the exception. In all environments, infant care is far more than just an isolated, biopsychological phenomenon: it is an activity deeply imbued with cultural meanings, values, and practices. To account for these multiple levels, the construct of attachment must shift its emphasis away from an individual child toward the network of relationships surrounding a child. Overwhelming evidence on diverse childcare arrangements in non-Western cultures calls the putatively universal model of attachment (derived from the Bowlby-Ainsworth paradigm and still widely applied today) into question. In support of future research, this chapter proposes an inclusive reconceptualization of attachment, informed by research from non-Western cultural settings.