bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH SIKLUS OPERASI DAN SIKLUS KONVERSI KAS TERHADAP LIKUIDITAS PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Nurhayati Enung , Supriadi Yoyon
Published: July 2019

One of Indicator success at the company can be seen from the company's ability to generate profits , but the profits of an enterprise does not reflect the amount of cash that is in company. Besides needed supplies sufficient cash , the company can also be seen from the operating cycle in which the company involving investment in inventories ( inventories ) and receivables ( accounts receivable ) and make the payments on their debts ( accounts payable ). Operating cycle is very important to detect and prevent any potential threat of liquidity . As well as a major tool in formulating a grand strategy to bring the company out of the crisis and return to the point of liquidity ideal ( normal ) . Which can be taken into consideration by the company is the cash conversion cycle in which companies to acquire and convert the non- cash assets into cash .The purpose of this study was to determine the operating cycle and cash conversion cycle for the company's liquidity study was conducted at PT . Mayora Indah Tbk ,. PT . Ultrajaya Milk Industry & Trading Company Tbk ,. and PT . Sekar Laut Tbk . for ten years from 2005 to 2014. In this study the data used operating cycle , the cash conversion cycle and financial statements ( balance sheet and income statement ) PT. Mayora Indah Tbk, PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry & Trading Company Tbk, dan PT. Sekar Laut Tbk, period 2005 to 2014. Analysis of the data used is the linear regression analysis , the correlation coefficient and the coefficient of determination , T test and F testThe study concluded that the results of the partial operation cycle no significant effect on the liquidity of PT . Sekar Laut Tbk , because the value is greater than 0,243 sig standard error or alpha ( α ) of 5% . Cash conversion cycle partially no significant effect on the liquidity of PT . Sekar Laut Tbk since sig 0.084 greater than the standard error or alpha ( α ) of 5 % , and the operating cycle and the simultaneous conversion cycle no significant effect on the liquidity of PT . Sekar Laut Tbk since sig 0.193 greater than the standard error or alpha ( α ) of 5% .Keyword : Operating Cycle, Cash Conversion Cycle, Liquidity
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN FASILITAS FAKULTAS EKONOMI TERHADAP KEPUASAN MAHASISWA FAKULTAS EKONOMI DI UNIVERSITAS BHAYANGKARA JAKARTA RAYA
Authors: Panday Rorim
Published: July 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan Dan Fasilitas Fakultas Ekonomi Terhadap Kepuasan Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya, Kampus II-Bekasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi UBHARA. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 353 responden dan pengumpul data menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Variabel Kualitas Layanan dan Fasilitas secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kepuasan Mahasiswa. Sedangkan secara simultan bahwa Variabel Kualitas Layanan dan Variabel Fasilitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Variabel Kepuasan mahasiswa.
ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN MODAL KERJA DAN AKTIVA TETAP TERHADAP KEMAMPULABAAN
Authors: Oftayani Dita Andita , Supriadi Yoyon
Published: July 2019

Every business has its own different goals, but in generally the success of the business is the main goals. One of the criteria to achieve the business succes is efficiency, it is shown when a company has a high profitability. The effective and efficient working capital and fixed assets management influence the level of profitability achievement in a company.The purpose of this research is to know the effect of capital to profitability, fixed capital to profitability, and the management of working capital and fixed capital to profitability in PT. Kimia Farma Tbk dan PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk. to know the effect of that three variables.And to test the significance of the effect of working capital (NWCTO) and Fixed Capital (FATO) to profitability (NPM) in both companies, the author analyzed and measured the relationship and influence between variables using regression coefficients, correlation coefficients (r) and coefficient determination (r square). Based on the results of this study concluded that partial testing shows that inPT. Kimia Farma Working Capital Management (NWCTO) has a significant influence to Fixed Capital (FATO), and Fixed Capital (FATO) has a significant impact on profitability (NPM). Simultaneous testing shows that working capital (NWCTO) and Fixed Capital (FATO) has a significant impact to profitability (NPM). Meanwhile, partial testing shows that in PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk. Working Capital Management (NWCTO) does not have a significant effect to Fixed Capital (FATO) and for Fixed Capital (FATO) does not have a significant impact on profitability (NPM). ). Simultaneous testing shows that working capital (NWCTO) and Fixed Capital (FATO) does not have a significant impact to profitability (NPM).Key word :working capital management, fixed capital, profitability.
Menulis Artikel Jurnal
Authors: Wekke Ismail Suardi
Published: July 2019

Artikel ini mengidentifikasi dua hal dalam penulisan artikel yaitu struktur dan komposisi dalam menulis artikel. Penulisan artikel dapat menggunakan pola IMRAD menjadi kekhasan dalam bidang keilmuan tertentu, walaupun tidak semuanya menggunakan pola tersebut. Untuk itu, artikel ini merekomendasikan prinsip pertama dan utama dalam menulis artikel yaitu mengikuti author guidelines yang disediakan redaksi jurnal. Setelahnya, penulis perlu mengenal secara detail gaya selingkung penulisan dalam masing-masing jurnal. termasuk penggunaan model referensi yang dijadikan acuan penulisan sitasi dan daftar pustaka.
LAND REGISTRATION OF PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE REVIEW OF THE ECONOMICS VALUE
Authors: Sagala Elviana , Nasution Ade Parlaungan , Risdalina
Published: July 2019

The importance of registration of land rights for every person or legal subject to proof of ownership certificate of property rights for economic value will be on the increase in value and simplify every business economy to obtain their capital and to increase its business, because the registered land can be used as collateral to obtain venture capital in the Bank or other financing that is set in the legislation.And ignorance of the importance of registration of land rights on the property of factors primarily the many people who do not understand the importance of registration of land rights, and the lack of socialization Government to the public or the cooperation of village government and village by Lecturer of Law and Lecturer in Economic Law by asking lecturers in the area The conduct of devotion in the village and his village.
The effect of bilingualism on lexical learning and memory across two language modalities: Some evidence for a domain-specific, but not general, advantage
Authors: Martinez David
Published: July 2019

The present study was conducted to replicate bilingual advantages in short-term memory for language-like material and word learning in young adults and extend this research to the sign domain, ultimately with the goal of investigating the domain specificity of bilingual advantages in cognition. Data from 112 monolingual hearing non-signers and 78 bilingual hearing non-signers were analysed for this study. Participants completed a battery of tasks assessing sign and word learning, short-term memory, working memory capacity, intelligence, and a language and demographic questionnaire. Overall, the results of this study suggested a bilingual advantage in memory for speech-like material—no other advantage (or disadvantage) was found. Results are discussed within the context of recent large-scale experimental and meta-analytic studies that have failed to find bilingual advantages in domain-general abilities such as attention control and working memory capacity in young adults.
Demographic, Experiential, and Temporal Variation in Ableism
Authors: Harder Jenna , Keller Victor N. , Chopik William J.
Published: July 2019

Data from Project Implicit were analyzed to explore trends in ableism. Over 300,000 U.S. residents with and without disabilities completed the Disability IAT and two measures of explicit prejudice. The most consistent predictors of bias across types of prejudice were gender and contact with individuals with disabilities: Women and those who had contact were less prejudiced. Temporal analyses indicated that mean implicit prejudice increased over time (2004-2017), yet explicit bias showed a decline over the same period. Among people with disabilities, implicit and explicit prejudice were related to lower contact with others who shared one’s disability, as well as to perceptions that one’s disorder affects few activities and/or is primarily mental or emotional. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Pedagogic Effectiveness of Digital Storytelling in Improving Speaking Skills of Saudi EFL learners
Authors: Eissa Hayam Mohamed Salama
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study is to find why adult learners are unable to speak English as Foreign language (EFL) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Moreover, it tests the pedagogy of adopting the strategy of Digital Story Telling (DST) in teaching English as a foreign language. The study is applied on Northern Boarder University as a case study. The first question raised in this study is whether the conventional methods of teaching are the reason behind their failure of speaking the English language and whether the modification in the pedagogy of teaching affects the learners' speaking skill. To this end, data are collected through a questionnaire. Furthermore, a model of a teaching program, based on using DST strategy, is improved and tested with a group of learners at the chosen university in Saudi Arabia. The findings reveal that the learners at the selected university find difficulty in speaking English, and that applying DST as a pedagogy help the students to develop their overall speaking skill. These findings assist EFL teachers in Saudi Arabia in creating a conducive atmosphere in and out their classes, which will motivate the learners a lot to speak English fluently. The conclusion of the research recommends that EFL teachers should modify their conventional methods of teaching English as a foreign language; they may apply the strategy of using DST on their students to test the competence of the hypothesis.
Teaching Arabic as a Second Language (TASL): Simulation of the Canadian/ American exemplary TESL Models. A Feasibility Study in Promoting a Saudi-Owned TASL Programme
Authors: Alshahrani Abdulaziz
Published: July 2019

Given that teaching Arabic, as a second language has become increasingly significant in the present context, it follows that there is an urgent and pressing need to develop efficient learning tools as well as adequate measuring tools for testing the learner’s development. There are numerous problems associated with measuring a learner’s proficiency in Arabic in the context of Western cultures. These problems are related to the non-adaptability of measuring tools from one setting into another without taking cultural factors into account. The difficulties faced by scholars in adapting Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) tools to the Saudi context is an example. However, the problems associated with such an adaptation indicate the need for context-specific language acquisition measuring tools. Either currently existing tools such as TESOL need to be radically altered to fit Saudi contexts and requirements, or entirely new tools must be created in order to test the efficacy of language learning in Saudi Arabia. This study aims at a close examination of ways in which existing tests such as TESOL may be adapted or modified to suit the requirements of teachers and learners in the Saudi context. A survey and evaluation of existing tools was followed by developing new tools specifically for Arabic language. It concludes by giving recommendations for proposed modification of existing strategies for Arabic learners that associates the language more directly with functional workplace contexts.
Incorporating Professional Initiatives in EFL Classrooms: A Way to Treat Pedagogical Solitude
Authors: ZAGHAR El-Alia Wafaâ
Published: July 2019

In this climate of the expansion of globalization, in today’s classrooms, encouraging student investment in writing is paramount. Due to the complicatedness of this skill, many teachers find it difficult to make their learners aware of the divergent phases of writing so they produce better compositions. Thus, the professionalism of teachers is inevitably essential in shaping the learners’ writing ability (assisting students as they develop a piece of writing, and boosting their engagement with writing), and learners can achieve successful learning outcomes if they grasp how best to improve their work. To make language learning more effective, there is a need for pursuing professional growth and providing conditions where teachers cooperate to attain higher levels of learning among their students. Indeed, professional development for a teacher is about acquiring new skills, creating a potent learning atmosphere, surmounting the barriers, rectifying the failures and moving forward. It provides ongoing opportunities for educators to continue to identify teaching/learning problems, develop solutions, raise their performance, address students’ needs and up their achievements. The present paper sets out to take a closer look at how teachers work with writing among the first year English as foreign language (EFL) students. It tends to offer an instruction based on a set of professional development methods that provide practitioners with several avenues to implement them in classroom practice. To this end, findings of the research indicate that the proposed strategies can lead to a virtuous bond between the teaching/learning process of written expression that may generate beneficial knowledge, valuable teaching, and constructive learning results.
The Implementation of the Project-Based Learning Approach in the Algerian EFL Context: Curriculum Designers’ Expectations and Teachers’ Obstacles
Authors: Baghoussi Meriem , Ouchdi Ilhem Zoubida El
Published: July 2019

To help learners acquire and develop the necessary skills for the 21st century, Algeria has adopted the Competency-Based Approach (CBA) along with the Project-based Learning (PBL) approach within its educational system. Theoretically speaking, the goal behind such reform is to shift from a content-based to a process-based learning/teaching and thus to make learning more relevant and realistic for students. However, in practice, teachers find difficulties in putting into practice the two approaches. The aim of the present paper is to explore those obstacles that hinder the execution of the PBL approach in the third-year secondary education English classes and to identify to what extent English language teachers master and use PBL methodology in their classes. To reach the aim of the study, the following hypothesis is put forward: teachers lack both training and background knowledge on the approaches that help to implement PBL in classrooms. For the sake of collecting information about the issue tackled in this study, twenty EFL teachers from some secondary schools in Mostaganem city received a questionnaire. The research findings confirm the hypothesis mentioned above. They reveal that teachers neither master nor use the project-based instruction proficiently in their classrooms despite the guidance provided in the third-year pedagogical documents. Those hindrances are due to the lack of professional training and the insufficient theoretical knowledge on the diverse approaches, methods and strategies related to PBL
The Influence of Locality, Training and Teaching Experience on the Approaches to Teaching Literature
Authors: Suliman Ashairi , Yunus Melor Md , bin Mohd Nor Mohamed Yusoff
Published: July 2019

Teaching and learning literature could be a daunting task for both instructors and learners. It requires teachers to employ suitable approaches and methodologies to ensure the effectiveness of the lesson. This serves as the main purpose of this study which is to discover the approaches employed by literature teachers. In addition, three significant dimensions will also be scrutinised which are locality, literature training and teaching experience. Utilizing questionnaire as the research instrument, this study involved 271 teachers as the respondents. Comparisons pertaining to the approaches employed based on locality, training and teaching experience were shown in the findings. To note, the majority of the respondents were found to be in favor of using simple terminologies as the most preferred approach. Meanwhile, the least favored approach was eliciting information from students. In addition, out of the three main variables, only teaching experience was found to show no significant difference. To summarise, locality, training and teaching experience may have significantly impacted teachers in selecting the approaches to be employed in a literature lesson. This may also assist in ensuring that the teaching and learning of literature reach its visions.
An Attempt at Promoting Undergraduate Sudanese EFL Students’ Performance in Academic Writing Skills
Authors: Mudawy Ammar Mohammed Ahmed
Published: July 2019

The study aims at suggesting effective methods and techniques that could improve English as a foreign language EFL students’ performance in writing skills. The researcher uses the descriptive, analytical method. Four tools were adopted pretest, post-test, supporting program, and a questionnaire for teachers for collecting data. Twenty-five students in Holy Quran University, Sudan, were chosen purposively, and thirty EFL teachers at a university level were randomly selected as a sample for the study. Ninty percent of the teachers agree on the suggested program and techniques. The findings of the study indicate that: using varied techniques and activities in pre-writing stage promotes students’ performances in writing, integration of reading and writing skills in the classroom improves students’ writing skills, as well as encouraging extensive reading outside the classroom promotes students’ performance in writing skills. Accordingly, the researcher recommends that: teachers should focus on the prewriting stage through different activities as well as reading and writing should be used in an integrated way in-class writing to guide the writing process.
Investigating Cohesive Devices in Wordsworth Poetry
Authors: Allah Mohamed Jabraddar Mahil Abd
Published: July 2019

This study has attempted to investigate the use of cohesive devices in Wordsworth poetry. It has aimed to understand the role of stylistics analysis in shaping the meanings of literary texts. In addition to explain how cohesion can contribute to interpreting and understanding poetry. The significant of the study is based on the fact that it contributes to the understanding of how linguistic and stylistic analysis of a text can be used, extensively, to clarify features and meanings in texts. Nine poems were selected to represent Wordsworth poetry. The poems were selected randomly. Cohesive devices were identified in the poems and analyzed using the content analysis technique. They were analyzed quantitatively. The analysis revealed a number of interesting results, namely: All types of cohesive devices were used in the poems selected for the purpose of the study (reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion). There were some variations in the use of some devices; in that certain devices were used at a very high rate of frequency compared to others. The main function of the use of cohesive devices within the poems was to help the poet express romantic values. Based on the results obtained, the study suggests the following: First, it would be interesting, for further studies to conduct more studies on the coherence of English literary discourse. Second, it is worth to investigate cohesive devices of the sociolinguistic aspects within poetry, as poetry is an important area whose genre contains impressive socio-cultural meaning.
Code-switched Greeting by Bilingual Saudi-American Subject: A Case Study
Authors: Basabrin Abrar
Published: July 2019

This paper investigates the myth of children’s monolingual brain by conducting a case study of a two-year-old Saudi-American girl, who is in the two-word stage of vocalization, by focusing on a certain speech act, viz., “greeting” and demonstrating how it is heavily code-switched into Arabic/English language(s) with regard to the context of the speech and the greeter/receiver of the greeting identity. The subject has been raised in an English-speaking country milieu (United States of America), while she has been used to speaking Arabic at home. In this regard, the paper highlights the aim of the encoded usage of code-switching utterances in term of addressing the monolingual brain hypothesis. This qualitative study is based on open observations of two continues months of a toddler as the participant of this study aiming at exploring whether children’s greeting differ from those of adults and whether this greeting differs between two languages with regard to monolingual brain hypotheses. So far, the study concluded that greeting has never been mixed upon context, though utterances are code-switched. Moreover, the greeting process is comprehended and acquired within the language context as a pragmatic speech act regarding greeter’s identity, context, and gender. Findings of this study significantly support the cognitive approach in term of greeting via using a high frequent greeting word among the American culture. As would cognitive linguists suggest, greeting speech act response varies regarding how greeters of each community greet the subject, but not how they greet each other’s in a community. Therefore, surprisingly the two-year-old subject perceptually recognizes the fact of receiving two different languages regardless to the monolingual hypothesis.
Conversing in L2 English with Saudi Arabic (L1) Children at Home
Authors: Mansory Mazen
Published: July 2019

This qualitatively based research study aims at critically examining the linguistic practises of a particular group of Saudi parents who chose to use the host country's language (English L2) instead of the mother tongue (Arabic L1) with their children. Specifically, the study aims at answering two research questions: Why Saudi do parents chose to speak English to their child/children? And What are the effects of mostly speaking English on the children and their home language: Arabic? A total of ten participating parents took part in this research study where semi structured interviews were utilised to gather the primary data. Thematic analysis of the data revealed three main emerging themes and six subthemes. The findings from the data analysis revealed that Saudi parents speak English with their children so as to allow them the opportunity to be bilingual and linguistically (English – L2) proficient as well as the fact that those parents were pleased to see their children speak English with a British accent. Also, the analysis revealed that that children of Saudi parents speaking English only has led to the weakening and loss of their Arabic L1 language. The study concludes that parents should provide a linguistic balance for their bilingual children in order to preserve the native language. Additionally, the study recommends that further parallel research studies with bilingual children of various L1(s), are conducted.
Speakers’ Identities in Online Interaction
Authors: Alenazi Oudah S.
Published: July 2019

Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) is acknowledged to represent a social space where people interact with others who may not necessarily know them. They can also recreate their own identities in the course of their interaction. This study investigates ways in which the identities of speakers can be revealed by their use of language in multiple-participant conversations. In particular, the study aims to elicit the strategies that speakers employ the most by analysing the way they talk at a micro-analytic level, and the ways in which they organise and sequence their turns at talking. The results show that the processes of turn-taking and topic development are subject to distraction and breakdown in computer-mediated environments. There are many instances of pauses caused by frequent overlaps between participants. The accents of participants are considered the main feature which can constitute one’s identity in voice-based chat-rooms. Other factors such as communication and technical skills, systems and server speeds could also have an effect on such communication. Additionally, the participants seem to employ certain strategies to overcome interactional limitations of CMC systems, such as the use of pauses, quiet and loud intonation, and stress of particular syllables of some words. These strategies can contribute to determining the speaker’s identity.
Attitudes towards Diglossia in an Algerian Educational Context: An Investigation of the Primary Level in Tlemcen
Authors: HAMZAOUI Chahrazed
Published: July 2019

Since diglossia has an immense impact on formal instruction, the present paper aims to detect teachers’ as well as pupils’ attitudes towards the forms of Arabic at play, Modern Standard Arabic on the one hand and Algerian Arabic on the other. To achieve the aims of this study, and try to find an answer as to the way teachers and learners react to Modern Standard Arabic and Algerian Arabic in attitudinal terms inside the school context, two instruments were utilized to collect data. First, a questionnaire was administered to a sample consisting of 12 teachers and then, the matched-guise technique was designed to 72 pupils from two different primary schools. Based on both a quantitative and qualitative approaches, the findings of this empirical study reveal that both teachers and pupils display positive attitudes towards Modern Standard Arabic since it is granted an outstanding predominance and prestige in the community, especially because of its tight association with the Qur’an. However, the findings also reveal that pre-school grade pupils hold a less positive attitude towards Modern Standard Arabic and favour Algerian Arabic instead.
Realization of Authorial Ideations & Purposes through Transitivity Analysis of Media Texts Written by Native and Non-native Writers of English: A SFG Perspective
Authors: Alraimi Looloo Mohammed , Abdalla Abdalla Yassin
Published: July 2019

This study explores how ideational meaning is realized in media texts written by native and non-native writers of English. Particularly, the paper attempts to analyze transitivity or process types from a semantic-grammatical point of view based on Halliday's (1985) framework of Systemic Functional Grammar. The study aims to describe and compare the process types used by the authors to transmit their experiences/ideations and fulfill the intended purposes. To this end, eight articles from Washington Post (WP) & Arab News (AN) online newspapers were analyzed. The selected texts were divided into clauses and the process types (material, mental, relational, verbal, existential & behavior) were identified and compared. The analysis reveals that the authors of both newspapers give prominence to the use of material and relational processes seeming to focus exclusively on the actions of physical nature and make links between actions and actors with some qualities associated with them. The subsequently used processes in WP articles are verbal, mental and existential; whereas in AN articles they are mental, existential and verbal. Behavior process is the last and least frequently used process type in both newspapers articles showing that the physiological responses of the actors are not a major involvement. However, the rates of process types in all articles of both newspapers differ considerably. This variation is ascribed to the authors' choice to include a process type more than the other or exclude another to transmit their own experiences and bring about the intended purpose.
The relationship between overhydration, increased oxidative stress and peritoneal dialysis adequacy
Authors: Stepanova N. , Korol L. , Burdeyna O. , Snisar L.
Published: July 2019

The present study was undertaken to investigate the association of hydration status measured by bioimpedance analysis with oxidative stress biomarkers and peritoneal dialysis (PD) adequacy.

Methods. It was a case-control study involved 85 PD patients from 2 dialysis centers in Ukraine. Among the examined patients, there were 56/85 (65.9%) men and 29/85 (34.1%) women. All patients had been undergoing PD for more than 3 months (median was 25.4 [14.0-49.5] months). Average age was 48.8 ± 12.5 years.

Fluid compartments [extracellular water (ECW) and overhydration index (OH)] were measured using Multifrequency bio-impedance (BCM®, Fresenius Medical Care, Germany). Overhydration was defined as OH/ECW> 15%.

Malondialdehyde concentration in serum (MDAs) and erythrocytes (MDAe) was defined as an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Such parameters as the concentration of ceruloplasmin (CP), transferrin (TR) and sulfhydryl groups (SH-groups) in the blood and total peroxidase activity in erythrocyte (TPAe) were studied as the indicators of antioxidant system. Moreover, to determine the intraperitoneal oxidative stress induction, we studied MDA and TPO in PD effluent.

Results. Among 85 PD participants, there were 38(44.7%) patients in normohydration range and 47 (55.3%) overhydrated pаtients according to the OH/ECW ratio. There were a significant increase in serum and PD effluent MDA (p = 0.01 and p = 0.001, respectively) in overhydrated PD patients whereas the concentrations of serum CP and TPA in PD effluent were significantly lower compared with normohydrated patients (p = 0.008 and p = 0.04, respectively). In addition, ECW had an inverse correlation with SH-groups (r = -0.37; p = 0.003) and MDAs (r = -0.48; p = 0.004). An odds ratio of PD inadequacy was 3.6 times higher among overhydrated patients than in normovolemic one: OR = 3.6 (95% CI 1.3-10.3; p = 0.01).

Conclusions. Extracellular fluid overload promotes intraperitoneal and systemic oxidative stress which could be one of the pathway explanations of technique survival failure and cardiovascular mortality in overhydrated PD patients.
Порівняльне дослідження результатів лікування пацієнтів з сечокам’яною хворобою: нефростомний дренаж проти бездренажної перкутанної нефролітотомії
Authors: Aal-Toma R. R. J.
Published: July 2019

Перкутанна нефролітотомія (ПНЛТ) є основним методом лікування пацієнтів з сечокамʼяною хворобою. Сьогодні стандартне виконання ПНЛТ передбачає завершення операції шляхом встановлення черезшкірного нефростомного дренажу. Бездренажна ПНЛТ асоційована зі зменшенням післяопераційного болю та часу госпіталізації. Незважаючи на переваги, бездренажна ПНЛТ збільшує ризик залишення фрагментів конкременту, що вимагає застосування додаткових процедур та подовження часу госпіталізації.

Метою дослідження було  порівняти ефективність і безпечність бездренажної та стандартної ПНЛТ із застосуванням нефростомного дренажу.

Методи. Проспективне порівняльне дослідження, проведене у відділенні урології Safeer Al-Imam Al-Hussein у Карбалі з січня 2013 року по 31 грудня 2017 року. 1434 пацієнтів з нирковими конкрементами, яким виконано ПНЛТ були розподілені залежно від застосованого хірургічного лікування: 1-й групі пацієнтів (n = 882) виконано ПНЛТ із застосуванням дренажу, у 2-й групі (n = 552) застосовувалась бездренажна ПНЛТ.

Результати. Бездренажна ПНЛТ частіше застосовувалась у жінок молодого віку та у хворих з конкрементами лівої нирки з простим доступом, тоді як дренаж частіше використовувався за наявності конкременту правої нирки (р = 0,006). Післяопераційно, бездренажна ПНЛТ була статистично значущо асоційована з низькою частотою залишкових фрагментів конкременту (p = 0,005), кровотеч (p = 0,04) і сепсису (p = 0,01) порівняно із стандартною процедурою.

Висновки. Бездренажний варіант ПНЛТ асоціюється з низькою частотою залишкових фрагментів каменів, післяопераційних кровотеч та сепсису, що обґрунтовує ефективність і безпечність його застосування.
Impact of hemodialysis on the state of water compartments in CKD VD patients
Authors: Surzhko L. , Rysev A. , Molchanova N.
Published: July 2019

Understanding of changes in water compartments during hemodialysis (HD) is an important part of ensuring the effectiveness of the procedure and minimizing both intra- and post-dialysis complications.

 The purpose of our study was to investigate the direction of changes in water sectors in patients with CKD 5D with preserved residual kidney function (RKF) and without RKF.

Methods. Prospective observational study enrolled 88 hemodialysis (HD) patients. All patients performed laboratory examinations and measurements of water balance using the BCM monitor before HD, hourly after the start, and 30 minutes after the end of the session. Depending on the presence of residual kidney function, patients were divided into two groups. The first group with RKF included 52 patients, the second - without RKF - 36.

Results. Analysis of water balance parameters allowed to conclude that 26 patients (26.13%) were hyperhydrated (OH/ECW above 15%), including 13 (36,11%) in the group without RKF and 10 (19,2%) - in the group with the preserved RKF. There was no statistically significant difference in the groups. When comparing baseline values between groups of patients, it was found that in the group with preserved RKF the albumin level was significantly higher at 8.94% (p<0.05), levels of phosphorus and potassium were lower by 18.27% and 20.24%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between other clinical parameters in the groups. Subsequent analysis of the water balance indicators allowed establishing a reliable positive correlation between the level of ultrafiltration (UV) and total body water (TBW). The higher the UV level, the higher the ECW (p < 0.05). Similar results were obtained when analyzing the relationship between extracellular fluid (ECW) and UV (p < 0,001). As a result of the correlation analysis between the level of UV and diuresis, the mean inverse correlation relationship is shown, which shows - the lower the diuresis, the higher the level of ultrafiltration (p < 0,001). During HD the TBW (ΔTBW = 1.5 ± 1.8) and ECW (ΔECW = 1.92 ± 0.85) progressively decrease, the ICW compartment is practically unchanged (ΔICW = -0.17 ± 0.89). In patients with preserved RKF the change in ECW is significantly lower comparatively with the group without RKF (p <0.05).

Conclusions. Obtained data indicate that the clinical evaluation of hyperhydration is not always adequate. The obtained results confirm the fact that the presence of RKF provides better phosphorus and potassium levels control in patients with CKD. During HD the removal of fluid occurs directly from the extracellular space, in the group with the RKF to a lesser extent, indicating that the presence of diuresis provides a lower volume of OH, TBW, ECW before HD session, and therefore the level of ultrafiltration appears to be less. Thus the RKF also provides better control of water balance. The results of the dynamics of water sector changes during HD can be used to assess the refilling in the future.
CORRECTION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN GASTRIC MUCOSA OF RATS BY ENTEROSORBENTS OF DIFFERENT CLASSES DURING CHRONIC NITRATE FLUORIDE INTOXICATION
Authors: Akimov O.Ye. , Mishchenko A.V. , Kostenko V.O.
Published: July 2019

In some regions of Ukraine, the environmental conditions can be considered as threatening for the life of people and animals. There has been reported excessive accumulation of nitrates in the bodies of humans and animals with food and drinking water in regions with developed agriculture. At the same time, in regions with developed chemical and metallurgical (especially aluminium production) industries, additional contamination of drinking water with excess fluoride has been found out to take place. Thus, simultaneous excess intake of nitrates and fluorides into the human body cannot be excluded. The purpose of this work is to determine the effect of nanosized silica, Carboline and hydrolytic lignin suspensions on the production of superoxide anion radical (О2∙-), the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the content of oxidative-modified proteins and the concentration of primary products of lipid peroxidation (POL). Materials and methods. All biochemical studies were carried out in 10% gastric mucosa homogenates of the rats. The study assessed the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, content of diene conjugates, octadiene conjugates, trien conjugates, the content of oxidative-modified proteins (OMP) and О2∙- production. Results. Chronic nitrate-fluoride intoxication leads to an increase in the basic О2∙- production with a simultaneous decrease in the activities of SOD and catalase. The content of primary POL and OMB increases during chronic intoxication. Usage of enterosorbent suspensions reduces О2∙- production, restores functioning of antioxidant enzymes, lowered the content of primary POL and OMP. Conclusions. Chronic nitrate-fluoride intoxication leads to oxidative damage to the phospholipids of biological membranes and the protein structures of the gastric mucosa. Suspensions of nanosized silicon oxide, carboline and lignin are effective means for correcting oxidative damage to the gastric mucosa during chronic nitrate-fluoride intoxication.
NO-ERGIC SYSTEM IN RENAL TISSUE DURING BURN DISEASE
Authors: Basarab Ya.O.
Published: July 2019

This research aimed at studying the state of the NO-ergic system in renal tissue of rats in modelled burn disease. Materials and methods. The series of experiments were carried out on pubescent male rats. Burn disease was modeled according to the Dovgansky method: the shaved and depilated area of a hind limb of test animals was dipped into hot water (t = 70 – 75 0С) under ethereal anesthesia for 7 sec. The size of the site damaged was determined depending on the area of ​​the skin, which averaged 12-15% of the animal’s body surface. The area of the skin damaged was calculated using the special Kochetygov’s table. Histological study of the damaged skin showed that under the above conditions there was a burn of IIIA-B degree that, according to modern conceptions, is considered as a standard model of the development of burn disease in the experiment. The rats were decapitated under ethereal anesthesia in 1, 7, 14, 21 days that in accordance with the modern ideas is commensurate with shock phases, early and late toxemia, and septicotoxemia. To evaluate the status of NO-ergic system, we assessed the NO-synthase activity and the nitrites content in the renal tissues. Results. Depending on the stage of burn disease, the NO-ergic system changed its characteristics. On the 1st day, at the stage of burn shock, the activity of NOS in renal tissues increased to its maximal level, while the peak increase in the content of nitrites was observed on the 7th day, at the stage of early toxemia. Conclusions. Thus, during the course of long-term burn disease, there is an increase in the activity of the NO-ergic system in kidney of rats. This can be explained by the enhancement of inflammatory processes in the kidneys under burn disease and by NO2– accumulation of in the renal tissues.
CO-EFFECT PRODUCED BY WATER-SOLUBLE FORM OF QUERCETIN AND INHIBITOR OF AP-1 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ON DISINTEGRATION OF PERIODONTIUM ORGANIC MATRIX IN RATS DURING SYSTEMIC AND LOCAL ADMINISTRATION OF SALMONELLA TYPHI LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE
Authors: Yelins’ka A.M. , Kostenko V.O.
Published: July 2019

The aim of the present study was to investigate the co-effect produced by water-soluble form of quercetin and SR 11302, an inhibitor of AP-1 transcription factor, on biochemical depolymerization markers of periodontal organic matrix during systemic and local administration of S. typhi lipopolisaccharide (LPS). The studies were conducted on 25 white rats of the Wistar line weighing 180-220 g, divided into 5 groups: the 1st group included the intact animals, the 2nd group was made up of the animals subject to the combined systemic and local LPS administration, the 3rd and 4th groups included animals, which were given injections with water-soluble form of quercetin (10 mg / kg) and AP-1 activation inhibitor SR 11302 (1 mg / kg) respectively 3 times a week starting on the 30th day of the systemic LPS administration, and the 5th group involved rats, which were injected with co-administered water-soluble form of quercetin and SR 11302. It has been found out the the quercetin and SR 11302 co-administration during systemic and local LPS administration is accompanied with reduced concentration of free hydroxyproline and N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) in the soft and bone tissues of the periodontium compared with the results obtained during the separate administration of these agents. The content of glycosaminoglycans did not change. We can suggest that the co-administration of the water-soluble form of quercetin and SR 11302, the AP-1 activation inhibitor, during systemic and local administration of the S. typhi lipopolysaccharide is a more effective means of correcting disorders of the periodontal connective tissue than when the agents are used separately.
REACTIVE CHANGES IN THE RESISTIVE OF THE HEMOMYCOCIRCULATORY BED FOLLOWING THE ACTION OF 1% OF METHACRYLIC ACID ESTER
Authors: Kramarenko D. R. , Shevchenko K. V. , Yachmin A. I.
Published: July 2019

The morphometric study conducted has revealed that the effect of a 1% methacrylic acid-methyl ester solution affects the resistive section of the microvasculatory bed of the submandibular salivary gland lobes. The study was conducted on 30 white outbred male rats, 10 of which made up the control group of animals and 20 animals made up experimental group, whose oral mucosa was treated with 1% methacrylic acid-methyl ester solution for 30 days. After euthanasia of animals in 14 and 30 days, samples of the submandibular gland were embedded into epon-812. Semi-thin sections were stained with polychrome dye. A quantitative analysis of the results of the morphometric study and statistical processing of the morphometric data was performed using standard statistical methods using the Excel program. The outer diameter and lumen diameter of arterioles were measured. The thickness of the vascular wall was calculated using the formula VWTh = Dz-Dt / 2. On the 14th day, in response to the action of 1% methacrylic acid-methyl ester solution, the average outer arteriole diameter decreased by 13.04%, the diameter of the of arteriole lumen by 20.77%. There is a significant increase in the average thickness of the vascular wall by 5.45%, the value of which was 2.90 microns. On the 13th day of the study, it was found out that the average values ​​of the outer diameter of the arterioles increased by 5.04% (p <0.05), compared with the control group. The lumen diameter was significantly larger by 15% that the values ​​in the control group of animals, and the average vascular wall thickness was significantly lower by 18.91% than the values ​​in the control group of animals (p <0.05). Normalization of indicators for the 30th day has not been defined. Thus, the effect of 1% methacrylic acid-methyl ester solution on the arterioles of the submandibular salivary gland lobes is characterized by vascular spasms in the early stages, and vascular dilatation in the later stages of the experiment.
EFFECT OF AP-1 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR INHIBITOR ON STRUCTURAL, METABOLIC AND BIOMECHANICAL CHANGES IN BONE TISSUE DURING COMBINED EXCESSIVE INTAKE OF SODIUM FLUORIDE AND SODIUM NITRATE
Authors: Kovalova I.O. , Kostenko V.O.
Published: July 2019

This article highlights the effect produced by the inhibitor of the AP-1 transcription factor activation on the mechanisms of structural, metabolic and biomechanical disorders in the femoral bones and vertebrae during combined excessive intake of sodium fluoride and sodium nitrate. The experiment was conducted on 30 white rats divided into 4 groups: the 1st included the intact animals, the 2nd group involved the rats subjected to the co- administration of sodium fluoride (10 mg / kg body weight) and sodium nitrate (500 mg / kg body weight) for 30 days, the 3rd group included the animals, which starting from the 15th day of intoxication, were injected SR 11302 ((E, E, Z, E) -3-Methyl-7- (4-methylphenyl) - 9- (2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl) -2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic acid), an inhibitor of AP-1 activation in a dose of 1 mg / kg intraperitoneally 3 times a week. It has been revealed that the SR 11302 administration restores the mechanism of NO autoregulation in the femoral bones during the sodium fluoride and sodium nitrate co- administration, reducing the total activity of NO synthase and activity of its inducible isoform under a reciprocal increase in total arginase activity, and suppresses the peroxynitrite production. This is accompanied by a decrease in the activity of enzymes, which are known as markers of bone resorption (acid phosphatase and its bone isoform) and restriction of the depolymerization of collagen, proteoglycans and sialoglycoproteins of the connective (bone) tissue in the femurs and vertebrae. Moreover, the introduction of SR 11302 under the experimental conditions is accompanied by an increase in the density and mineral saturation of the femurs and vertebrae, and an improvement in the biomechanical characteristics of the femurs (their strength and elasticity).
DIAGNOSIS OF GERM CELL TUMORS OF EXTRAGONADAL LOCALIZATION IN TERMS OF ALGORITHMS FOR DETECTING METASTASIS OF CARCINOMAS OF UNKNOWN PRIMARY LOCALIZATION
Authors: Poslavska О.V.
Published: July 2019

The analysis of cases of extragonadal teratomas makes it clear that tumours derived from germ cells and mainly characteristic of adult gonads can also occur in other areas, such as the anterior mediastinum (thymus) and midline brain (germinomas of the epiphysis and the area above the Turkish saddle), that requires differential diagnosis with metastases of carcinomas of other origin. Accurate diagnosis of estrogenic germ-cell tumours by only routine staining with haematoxylin-eosin requires high expertise and experience due to their non-specific clinical symptoms and variability of morphological characteristics. Tumour morphologists consider that immunohistochemical investigation plays an important role in accurate histological diagnosis of these tumours. The goal of this study is to explore the expression features of immunohistochemical markers and morphometric parameters of the area, perimeter and "roundness" of the nuclei in various types of extragonadal germ-cell tumours compared to similar primary ovarian / testicular tumours in order to improve diagnostic algorithms. A study was conducted on biopsy or postoperative samples taken from 8 patients (group 1) with extragonadal germ-cell tumours and from 16 patients with primary germ cell tumours of testicles / ovaries (group 2). The diagnoses were confirmed by immunohistochemical investigation on the basis of the pathologic department of the “Pharmacy of Medical Academy” Diagnostic Centre for 2015 to 2018. PLAP and CD117 had the highest percentage of expression in seminomas and gerninomas of both studied groups; morphological parameters were 3-fold higher in area and ̴2-fold higher around the perimeter then the values of normal lymphocytes (p<0.05). Expression of markers CD30, EMA and CK AE1/3 was diagnostically significant in samples of embryonic carcinoma, and morphological parameters ̴were  ̴ 2.1 times higher in area and ̴ 1.7 along the perimeter that exceeded the values of normal lymphocytes (p<0.05). αFP-positive staining was indicative of yolk sac tumours, which morphological parameters were more than ̴ 1.7 times higher in the area and ̴ 1.5 times higher along the perimeter compared with the normal lymphocytes (p<0.05). Taking into account the variability of morphological characteristics and the possibility of extragonadal location of tumours derived from germ cells, immunohistochemical research supported by morphometry is an important tool in the differential diagnosis of carcinomas of unknown primary localization.