bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who’s Doing the Housework and Childcare in America Now? Differential Convergence in Twenty-First-Century Gender Gaps in Home Tasks
Authors: Milkie Melissa A. , Sayer Liana C. , Nomaguchi Kei , Yan Hope Xu
Published: February 2025

Gender scholars have debated whether the recent movement toward a more equal division of domestic labor is stalling. Using a differential convergence perspective, the authors argue that examining which domestic tasks undergo gender convergence, whose changes narrow the gap, and why changes happen is critical for understanding gender inequalities in unpaid labor time. Using data from the 2003–2023 American Time Use Survey, the authors examine trends in total housework (including core and occasional housework), shopping, and childcare time. Results for married individuals indicate that the historically large gender gap in total housework time narrowed further this century, from a women-to-men ratio of 1.8:1 in 2003–2005 to 1.6:1 in 2022–2023. This shrinking of the gender gap was concentrated in traditionally feminine core housework (decreasing by 40 percent, from 4.2:1 to 2.5:1), particularly housecleaning and laundry. The gender difference in shopping time also narrowed, nearing parity. For childcare time, the gender gap shrunk from 2:1 to 1.8:1, though this change was not statistically significant. Decomposition analyses indicate that women’s reduced housework time was explained mainly by population compositional shifts, whereas men’s increased core housework time likely reflected behavioral or normative changes. With men taking on more female-typed domestic activities, the gendered norms associated with different forms of unpaid labor may be becoming redefined.
The Impact Energy Dissipation Analysis of Woven Para-Aramid Fabrics
Authors: Karahan Mehmet , Karahan Nevin , Arı Ali
Published: February 2025

This work investigated the propagation characteristics of impact energy along the plane of woven para-aramid fabric using the two-dimensional thin-plate spline method. To evaluate fabric deformation at different layer numbers, weights with various tip types were dropped from a specific height. We discovered the energy propagation characteristics within the fabric planes by examining shape changes in response to deformation. To further investigate energy propagation, we evaluated the bending energy of the fabrics and determined the expansion factors. Our findings show that impact energy travels through the fabric along the directions of the warp and weft strands, which are interwoven at right angles.
Implementation Outcomes From a Pilot Study of Mindful Awareness in Body-Oriented Therapy (MABT) as a Chronic Pain Treatment Modality in an Integrative Health Clinic
Authors: Hansen Kathryn A. , Abu-Rish Blakeney Erin , Price Cynthia J.
Published: February 2025

Background

As regulation of opioid prescribing evolves, primary care and pain clinics are shifting to provide non-pharmacological and interdisciplinary chronic pain care. An under-utilized but growing area of health care for chronic pain is complementary and integrative health (CIH). However, there is limited availability of CIH approaches within the health care system. Mindful Awareness in Body-Oriented Therapy (MABT) is an evidence-based mind-body therapy, with a manualized protocol, that focuses on developing interoceptive sensibility for improved self-awareness and nervous system regulation. Prior MABT research shows MABT improves self-report and physiological indicators of interoception as well as mental and physical symptoms of distress.

Methods

This pilot single-group study used a hybrid implementation-effectiveness design and mixed methods to study implementation strategies and outcomes for bringing MABT into an integrative chronic pain clinic. Administrative data, staff surveys, and focus groups were used to understand the implementation process and outcomes (see Additional files 2, 3, and 4). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze survey and administrative data. A content analysis approach was used to analyze qualitative data from focus groups.

Results

7 staff surveys were administered over the 24-month study period and showed high acceptability and appropriateness that increased over time. Adoption, feasibility, and sustainability were also high. Clinicians made 70 referrals to MABT, 56 patients scheduled a session, 41 patients completed at least one session, and 71% of these completed the protocol. Focus groups identified MABT as a therapy that filled a gap in services, particularly for patients with a lack of body awareness and high emotion dysregulation.

Conclusion

Implementation of MABT was highly successful in an integrative health clinic focused on chronic pain treatment.

ClinicalTrials.gov registration

NCT05289024 Registered March 11, 2022 https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05289024?term=NCT05289024&rank=1 .
Role of exercise on ncRNAs and exosomal ncRNAs in preventing neurodegenerative diseases: a narrative review
Authors: Liu Shangwu , Zhang Runhong , Hallajzadeh Jamal
Published: February 2025

Engaging in activity has proven to have beneficial effects on different facets of well-being, such as conditions related to the deterioration of the nervous system. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and exosomal ncRNAs associated with vesicles have been recognized as influencers of gene expression and cell signaling, potentially contributing to the positive impact of physical activity on neurodegenerative conditions. It is hypothesized that exercise-induced changes in ncRNA expression may regulate key processes involved in neuroprotection, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, protein aggregation, and synaptic function. Exercise has shown promise in preventing neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and ncRNAs and exosomal ncRNAs are emerging as potential mediators of these benefits. In review, we explored how ncRNAs and exosomal ncRNAs play a role in enhancing the impacts of activity on neurodegenerative disorders for future treatments. Research studies, both preclinical and clinical, that have documented the use of various exercises and their effects on ncRNAs and exosomal ncRNAs for the treatment of NDs have been compiled and enlisted from the PubMed database, spanning the time period from the year 2000 up to the current time. Studies show that manipulating specific ncRNAs or harnessing exercise-induced changes in ncRNA expression and exosomal cargo could potentially be utilized as therapeutic strategies for preventing or treating NDs. In conclusion, studies suggest that various exercise modalities, including aerobic, resistance, and high-intensity interval training, can modulate the expression of ncRNAs and exosomal ncRNAs in the context of NDs. The altered ncRNA profiles may contribute to the neuroprotective and therapeutic effects observed with exercise interventions. However, more research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and to further explore the potential of exercise-induced ncRNA signatures as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders.
Genetic differentiation and historical dynamics of the endemic species Rheum pumilum on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau inferred from phylogeography implications
Authors: Liu Shuliang , Gao Jianxin , Xiao Bo , Guo Wenjie , Yu Qiushi , Wang Ailan , Li Weiwei
Published: February 2025

Background

Rheum pumilum, an endemic species on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), serves as an ideal material for investigating the phylogeography of alpine plants. This study employs chloroplast DNA fragments (trnL-F, trnS-G, and matK) to delve into how Rh. pumilum adapted to the extreme environmental changes on the QTP, during its evolutionary process through phylogenetic geographical analysis, revealing its population differentiation and historical dynamics.

Results

The examination of 39 haplotypes across 26 populations of Rh. pumilum reveals distinct regional distribution, reflecting a phylogeographic pattern resembling “alpine-island”. The total genetic diversity of Rh. pumilum is remarkably high (Ht = 0.910), with the majority of genetic variation primarily occurred among populations (84.5%) with limited gene flow, indicating geographic isolation influenced by diverse habitats of plateau. The geographic isolation model is further supported by various analytical methods, including AMOVA analysis, UPGMA dendrogram, PCoA, Structure analysis, and Mantel test. Micro-refugia for Rh. pumilum during the Quaternary ice ages are supported by haplotype network and genetic diversity analysis. The absence of a typical “star-shape” pattern in the overall haplotype network suggests that Rh. pumilum likely maintains a stable state without experiencing rapid expansion, which has been supported by mismatch distribution analysis. Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) indicates sensitivity of Rh. pumilum to humidity, temperature and altitude, aligning with a historical distribution resembling a “displacement refugia” model during the Quaternary ice ages. The involvement of Rh. kialense and Rh. sublanceolatum in the origin and gene introgression of Rh. pumilum is suggested, possibly as maternal ancestors of closely related haplotypes. Haplotype divergence of Rh. pumilum approximately 11 million years ago, with notable divergence peaks observed during the late Miocene, as well as the Pliocene, Pleistocene and Holocene.

Conclusion

These findings suggest a correlation between genetic diversity, haplotype lineage divergence and key geological and climatic events, notably the uplift of the QTP, monsoon climate changes, and the climatic oscillations during the Quaternary ice ages. This study might provide valuable insights into the formation mechanisms of plant diversity on the QTP, crucial for biodiversity conservation and sustainable species development in extreme environments.
Clinical and genetic analysis of methylmalonic aciduria in 60 patients from Southern China: a single center retrospective study
Authors: Abid Hiba , Abid Areeba , Sohail Sarah , Jawaid Sara
Published: February 2025

We read with interest the recent publication on methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) and commend the authors for their outstanding contribution. This letter aims to further build upon their work by emphasizing additional aspects to enhance clinical relevance and diagnostic precision. We highlight the variability in serum MMA levels due to dietary intake, renal function, and external factors, advocating for the integration of supplementary diagnostic tools, such as the 1–13 C-propionate oxidation breath test, alongside biomarkers like fibroblast growth factor 21, growth differentiation factor 15, and lipocalin-2, to improve diagnostic accuracy. Additionally, we discuss the limitations of first-tier newborn screening tests due to high false positive rates and recommend second-tier testing using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to increase specificity and reduce false positives. Moreover, we address the underestimation of liver dysfunction in MMA patients, noting the need for longitudinal follow-up to capture the progression of liver function abnormalities. This critique is intended to constructively expand the authors’ findings and underscore the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic and management approach to MMA, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Determination of oral feeding skills in late preterm, early term, and full-term infants using the neonatal oral feeding monitor (NeoSAFE)
Authors: Ecevit Ayse , Erdogan Balkar , Anuk Ince Deniz , Aksu Meltem , Unal Sezin , Turan Özden , Saracoglu Ahmet , Tarcan Aylin
Published: February 2025

Background

Mature oral feeding is a complex function involving numerous muscles and nerves, typically developing between the postmenstrual age of 34–36 weeks in newborn infants. The objective of this study was to analyze the oral feeding skills of healthy late preterm, early term, and full-term infants using a neonatal oral feeding monitor.

Methods

We used the oral feeding parameters reported by NeoSAFE which is a certified medical device, to assess the swallowing and swallow-respiration coordination in newborn infants. Oral feeding parameters were recorded over a 2-minutes long bottle-feeding session. The total swallow count, swallow time, maximum rhythmic swallows, resting interval duration, time between rhythmic swallows and inspiration after swallow count were recorded by NeoSAFE. We planned to examine the relationship of oral feeding parameters according to the gestational age. We also investigated whether the coordination of swallowing and respiration changes with respect to gestational age in newborn infants.

Results

A total of 88 infants were included; 34 late preterm, 34 early term, and 20 full term. The gestational age was found to have significant negative correlation with the average time between rhythmic swallows and positive correlation with the swallow time. Feeding volume was found to have a negative correlation with the resting interval duration and average time between rhythmic swallows. It was also found that the feeding volume has a positive correlation with total swallow count, swallow time, maximum rhythmic swallow and inspirium after swallow count.

Conclusion

Although the oral feeding skills of infants at 34 weeks gestation are still developing, this study identified differences in oral feeding skills among late preterm, early term, and full-term infants when assessed using a neonatal swallow and respiration detection system. However, conducting larger cohort studies using NeoSAFE would be beneficial for guiding oral feeding approaches in infants.

Trial Registration

Not applicable.
Physiology and pathophysiology of mucus and mucolytic use in critically ill patients
Authors: Roe Thomas , Talbot Thomas , Terrington Isis , Johal Jayant , Kemp Ivan , Saeed Kordo , Webb Elizabeth , Cusack Rebecca , Grocott Michael P. W. , Dushianthan Ahilanandan
Published: February 2025

Airway mucus is a highly specialised secretory fluid which functions as a physical and immunological barrier to pathogens whilst lubricating the airways and humifying atmospheric air. Dysfunction is common during critical illness and is characterised by changes in production rate, chemical composition, physical properties, and inflammatory phenotype. Mucociliary clearance, which is determined in part by mucus characteristics and in part by ciliary function, is also dysfunctional in critical illness via disease related and iatrogenic mechanisms. The consequences of mucus dysfunction are potentially devastating, contributing to prolonged ventilator dependency, increased risk of secondary pneumonia, and worsened lung injury. Mucolytic therapies are designed to decrease viscosity, improve expectoration/suctioning, and thereby promote mucus removal. Mucolytics, including hypertonic saline, dornase alfa/rhDNase, nebulised heparin, carbocisteine/N-Acetyl cysteine, are commonly used in critically ill patients. This review summarises the physiology and pathophysiology of mucus and the existing evidence for the use of mucolytics in critically ill patients and speculates on journey to individualised mucolytic therapy.
Understanding Cognition, Oxytocin, and Pain in Elders (UCOPE): protocol for a double-blinded cross-over trial in chronic knee osteoarthritis pain
Authors: Cruz-Almeida Yenisel , Montesino-Goicolea Soamy , Valdes-Hernandez Pedro , Huo Zhiguang , Staud Roland , Ebner Natalie C.
Published: February 2025

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the leading cause of disability among older adults with the knee being the most affected joint. Specifically, there is an urgent need to develop better analgesics for individuals with OA-related pain, since currently used analgesics frequently fail to provide adequate relief or must be discontinued owing to adverse effects. A promising treatment is the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT), which has been shown to play a role in endogenous analgesia with human and animal studies demonstrating anti-nociceptive effects. The primary aims of the study are to examine preliminary analgesic effects of a chronic OT intervention in community-dwelling older individuals with chronic knee osteoarthritis pain.

Methods

In this article, we describe the rationale and design of the Understanding Cognition, Oxytocin, and Pain in Elders (UCOPE) study, a double-blinded intervention in which 80 participants over 45 years of age with knee osteoarthritis pain will be recruited to participate in a cross-over trial of 4 weeks of intranasal oxytocin or placebo administration. Primary study outcomes include preliminary changes in pain intensity and interference as well as multi-modal assessment batteries including circulating biomarkers and neuroimaging measures. Self-reported and quantitative outcomes will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention periods, and up to a 6-month follow-up period.

Discussion

This study will establish preliminary effectiveness of a novel intervention in middle to older aged adults with knee osteoarthritis pain. Achievement of these aims will provide a rich platform for future intervention research targeting improvements in pain and disability among geriatric populations and will serve as a foundation for a fully powered trial to examine treatment efficacy and potential mechanisms of the proposed intervention.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03878589. Registered on March 18th, 2019.
Antisecretory factor in severe traumatic brain injury (AFISTBI): protocol for an exploratory randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Réen Linus , Cederberg David , Marklund Niklas , Visse Edward , Siesjö Peter
Published: February 2025

Background

Despite recent advances in neuroimaging and neurocritical care, severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is still a major cause of severe disability and mortality, with increasing incidence worldwide. Antisecretory factor (AF), commercially available as Salovum®, has been shown to lower intracranial pressure (ICP) in experimental models of, e.g., TBI and herpes encephalitis. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of antisecretory factors in adult patients with severe TBI on ICP and inflammatory mediators in extracellular fluid and plasma.

Methods/design

This is a single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical phase 2 trial, investigating the clinical superiority of Salovum® given as a food supplement during 5 days to adults with severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) < 9), admitted to the neurocritical intensive care unit (NICU) at Skane university hospital, Lund, Sweden. All patients with GCS < 9 and clinical indication for insertion of ICP-monitor and microdialysis catheter will be screened for inclusion and assigned to either the treatment group (n = 10) or placebo group (n = 10). In both groups, the primary outcome will be ICP (mean values and change from baseline during intervention), registered from high-frequency data monitoring for 5 days. Secondary outcomes will be inflammatory mediators in plasma and intracerebral microdialysis perfusate days 1, 3, and 5 during trial treatment.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04117672. Registered on September 17, 2017. Protocol version 6 from October 24, 2023.
Challenges in developing a split drive targeting dsx for the genetic control of the invasive malaria vector Anopheles stephensi
Authors: Larrosa-Godall Mireia , Ang Joshua X. D. , Leftwich Philip T. , Gonzalez Estela , Shackleford Lewis , Nevard Katherine , Noad Rob , Anderson Michelle A. E. , Alphey Luke
Published: February 2025

Background

Anopheles stephensi is a competent malaria vector mainly present in southern Asia and the Arabian Peninsula. Since 2012, it has invaded several countries of eastern Africa, creating an emerging risk of urban transmission. Urgent efforts are required to develop novel and more efficient strategies for targeted vector control. CRISPR/Cas9-based homing gene drives have been proposed as attractive alternative strategies. Gene drives have the potential to spread a desired trait through a population at higher rates than via normal Mendelian inheritance, even in the presence of a fitness cost. Several target genes have been suggested and tested in different mosquito vector species such as Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti. Several promising suppression drives have been developed in An. gambiae that target the sex determination gene doublesex (dsx).

Methods

In this study, a geographically confineable gene drive system targeting dsx was developed (dsx

gRNA
). Here, a transgenic line which expresses Cas9 under the control of the endogenous zpg promoter was generated. Separately a transgenic line which expresses a gRNA targeting the female specific exon of dsx was inserted into that same target site. The reproductive fitness of males and females heterozygous and homozygous for this element was determined. A series of experimental crosses was performed to combine the two elements and assess the homing rate of the dsx element in a split drive system.

Results

The drive was able to home in a super-Mendelian rate comparable to those obtained by an autonomous drive in this species. Although inheritance rates as high as 99.8% were observed, potentially providing very potent gene drive, dominant effects on male and female fertility were observed, which would be sufficient to hinder spread of such a drive. Molecular analysis indicated that the gRNA expressing insertion disrupted normal splicing of dsx.

Conclusions

These results should be considered when proposing the viability of dsx as a target gene for a population suppression gene drives in Anopheles stephensi. Although high homing rates were observed, the fitness defects found in both males and females carrying the transgene would likely prohibit this drive from functioning in the field.

Graphical Abstract
Longitudinal maternal glycemia during pregnancy and placental epigenetic age acceleration
Authors: Habtewold Tesfa Dejenie , Wijesiriwardhana Prabhavi , Biedrzycki Richard J. , Zhang Cuilin , Grantz Katherine L. , Grewal Jagteshwar , Tekola-Ayele Fasil
Published: February 2025

Background

Dysregulation of maternal glucose homeostasis has been related to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in mothers and fetuses, yet the mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the association between maternal glycemic levels and placental epigenetic age acceleration (PAA) in a multiethnic cohort.

Methods

In a sample of 301 pregnant women (102 Hispanic, 77 White, 72 Black, and 50 Asian/Pacific Islander), the association of glycemic markers cumulative exposure with PAA was tested using linear regression adjusting for fetal sex, maternal age, educational status, and health insurance status. Models were applied in the full cohort and stratified by race/ethnicity. Further, sensitivity analyses were performed after excluding women with GDM or preeclampsia.

Results

Among Black women, high glucose, HbA1c, and insulin cumulative exposure levels were associated with lower PAA compared to low cumulative exposure levels (β = − 0.75 weeks, 95% CI = − 1.41 to − 0.08); β = − 0.86, 95% CI = − 1.51 to − 0.21; and β = − 0.76, 95% CI = − 1.49 to − 0.03, respectively). Among Asian/Pacific Islander women, medium insulin cumulative exposure level was associated with lower PAA (β = − 0.94 weeks, 95% CI = − 1.74 to − 0.14). No significant association was observed among White and Hispanic women as well as in the full cohort.

Conclusions

Elevated glucose, HbA1c, and insulin cumulative levels throughout pregnancy were associated with lower PAA in Black and Asian/Pacific Islander women. Placental epigenetic aging may be altered by maternal elevated glycemia and may in part underlie early programming of health outcomes in pregnancy and childhood health outcomes.
The unique activity of the bone morphogenetic protein TGH4 affects the embryonic development of Trichinella spiralis and the establishment of vaccine protection
Authors: Shi Wenjie , Liu Yi , Liu Yan , Bai Xue , Liang Yue , Yang Yaming , Wu Fangwei , Liu Mingyuan , Xu Ning
Published: February 2025

In recent years, animal outbreaks of trichinellosis have been reported in Mexico, China, Algeria, Croatia and others, which is a challenge to meat safety and public health. Vaccination is an important means to control trichinellosis, but one of the main challenges in vaccine development is screening for protective candidate antigens. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP)), which are potential vaccine research targets, play key roles in the growth and development of metazoans. The BMP homologue TGH4 was identified from Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis), and recombinant C-terminal mature rTGH4-m had BMP activity and exerted regulatory effects on both mouse fibroblast and T. spiralis embryonic development. The construction of a protein mutant without activation potential confirmed that BMP activity had a negative regulatory effect on the establishment of immune protection by affecting the innate, adaptive, and humoral immunity of mice. Stripping protein activity can enhance immune protection and host resistance to T. spiralis. Our findings demonstrate that the TGH4 mutant is an important vaccine candidate antigen that blocks embryonic development, kills larvae, and provides insight into parasite vaccine research.
Importance of the 5’ untranslated region for recombinant enzyme production in isolated Bacillus subtilis 007
Authors: Senger Jana , Schulz Adriana , Seitl Ines , Heider Martin , Fischer Lutz
Published: February 2025

The production of industrial enzymes requires an efficient expression system with a suitable host. This study investigated the isolated Bacillus subtilis 007 as a host for expressing three enzymes with potential application in the food industry. Firstly, testing the PaprE and P43 promoters and the corresponding 5’ untranslated regions revealed great differences in the production of the recently discovered β-galactosidase from Paenibacillus wnnyii. Expression controlled by the PaprE promoter yielded a significantly higher activity of 2515 µkat/L, compared to 56 µkat/L with the P43 promoter. Modifications on the PaprE core promoter region or the spacer, the sequence between the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and the start codon, did not improve β-galactosidase production. Since the aprE 5’ untranslated region contributes to a high mRNA stability, it was incorporated into the P43 construct to determine whether mRNA stability is responsible for the differences observed in β-galactosidase production. Interestingly, mRNA stability was significantly improved and led to a nearly 50-fold higher β-galactosidase production of 2756 µkat/L. This strategy was successfully validated by the expression of two other enzymes: the cellobiose-2-epimerase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus and the β-glucosidase from Pyrococcus furiosus. These findings underscored the crucial role of post-transcriptional regulation and emphasized mRNA stability as a key role in recombinant enzyme production in B. subtilis 007.
CD36 inhibition enhances the anti-proliferative effects of PI3K inhibitors in PTEN-loss anti-HER2 resistant breast cancer cells
Authors: Liu You-Yu , Huang Wei-Lun , Wang Sin-Tian , Hsu Hui-Ping , Kao Tzu-Ching , Chung Wei-Pang , Young Kung-Chia
Published: February 2025

Background

HER2-positive patients comprise approximately 20% of breast cancer cases, with HER2-targeted therapy significantly improving progression-free and overall survival. However, subsequent reprogramed tumor progression due to PI3K signaling pathway activation by PIK3CA mutations and/or PTEN-loss cause anti-HER2 resistance. Previously, alpha isoform-specific PI3K inhibitors were shown to potentiate HER2-targeted therapy in breast cancer cells carrying PI3K pathway alterations with less potent effects on PTEN-loss than PIK3CA-mutant cells. Therefore, seeking for alternative combination therapy needs urgent attentions in PTEN-loss anti-HER2 resistant breast cancer.

Methods

Since remodeling of fatty acid (FA) metabolism might contribute to HER-positive breast cancer and is triggered by the PI3K signal pathway, herein, we examined the effects of the inhibition of endogenous FA conversion, SCD-1 or exogenous FA transport, CD36, in combination with PI3K inhibitors (alpelisib and inavolisib) in anti-HER2 resistant PTEN-loss breast cancer cells.

Results

The activated HER2/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway positively correlated with SCD-1 and CD36 expression in PTEN-loss breast cancer cells. PI3K inhibition downregulated SCD-1, and accordingly, the addition of the SCD-1 inhibitor did not augment the antiproliferative effects of the PI3K inhibitors. CD36 was upregulated by blocking the PI3K signal pathway or limited serum supplementation, indicating that suppressing CD36 may decrease the excess transport of exogenous FA. The addition of the CD36 inhibitor synergistically enhanced the anti-proliferative effects of the PI3K inhibitors.

Conclusion

Simultaneously targeting the PI3K signaling pathway and exogenous FA uptake could potentially be advantageous for patients with PTEN-loss anti-HER2 resistant breast cancer.
IMF By influence on fast earthward convection flows in the near-lunar magnetotail
Authors: Liu T. C. , Pitkänen T. , Nilsson S. , Kullen A. , Park J.-S. , Hamrin M. , Shang W. S. , Wang H. Z. , Yao S. T.
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the effects of non-zero IMF B
y on the magnetotail B
y and fast earthward ion convection (V
⊥ > 200 km/s, "⊥" indicates perpendicular to the magnetic field) in the near-lunar magnetotail plasma sheet using the plasma parameters and magnetic field detected by the ARTEMIS (Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of the Moon’s Interaction with the Sun) P1 satellite during the period 2011–2022. We find that the magnetotail B
y with in the same direction as IMF B
y dominates the entire region. The IMF B
y influence is hemisphere-independent, but shows a dusk-dawn asymmetry with the IMF B
y effect being weaker in the premidnight region than in the postmidnight region. We also find that the IMF B
y influence on earthward fast convection results in an interhemispheric flow asymmetry and it is highly correlated with the direction of magnetotail B
y. The statistical results indicate that occasionally localized dynamics can have a significant effect on magnetotail B
y and V
⊥.
Social media and capital markets: an interdisciplinary bibliometric analysis
Authors: Long Wen , Guo Man
Published: February 2025

Social media platforms collect information from complex human social behaviors. It has been shown that they significantly impact capital markets. This article conducts a bibliometric analysis of 363 high-quality articles from the Web of Science on social media and capital markets. First, a descriptive analysis was performed, including discipline distribution, growth trends, institutions, publication sources, influential authors, articles, and countries. Second, collaborative networks identify cooperation between countries and institutions in the network analysis section. Bibliometric coupling analysis determines the relationship between journals of different disciplines. Cluster analysis and keyword co-occurrence networks identify hot research topics. Burst detection and keyword time zone analysis track field development. Finally, keyword analysis and clustering analysis are conducted on the research of different disciplines. These sample papers mainly include seven hot topics, including sentiment analysis and financial market prediction. Articles in business and finance focus more on social media’s impact on capital markets. In contrast, information technology articles focus more on extracting information from social media. Each field also has its unique research directions. This paper contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the research on social media and capital markets. It offers perspectives on disciplinary differences, serving as a valuable scholarly reference for conducting in-depth research.
Modeling pegcetacoplan treatment effect for atrophic age-related macular degeneration with AI-based progression prediction
Authors: Mantel Irmela , Lasagni Vitar Romina M. , De Zanet Sandro
Published: February 2025

Background

To illustrate the treatment effect of Pegcetacoplan for atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD), on an individualized topographic progression prediction basis, using a deep learning model.

Methods

Patients (N = 99) with atrophy secondary to AMD with longitudinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) data were retrospectively analyzed. We used a previously published deep-learning-based atrophy progression prediction algorithm to predict the 2-year atrophy progression, including the topographic likelihood of future retinal pigment epithelial and outer retinal atrophy (RORA), according to the baseline OCT input. The algorithm output was a step-less individualized topographic modeling of the RORA growth, allowing for illustrating the progression line corresponding to an 80% growth compared to the natural course of 100% growth.

Results

The treatment effect of Pegcetacoplan was illustrated as the line when 80% of the growth is reached in this continuous model. Besides the well-known variability of atrophy growth rate, our results showed unequal growth according to the fundus location. It became evident that this difference is of potential functional interest for patient outcomes.

Conclusions

This model based on an 80% growth of RORA after two years illustrates the variable effect of treatment with Pegcetacoplan according to the individual situation, supporting personalized medical care.
A rare neurosurgical emergency: case report of spontaneous lumbar subdural empyema
Authors: Stanković Svetozar , Lepić Milan , Bogićević Ivan , Stanković Jadranka , Pavlicević Goran
Published: February 2025

Background

Spinal subdural empyema (SDE) is a rare but serious infection that can lead to severe neurological deficits if not diagnosed and managed promptly. This case report presents a rare instance of spontaneous SDE and discusses the management approach, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and intervention.

Case presentation

A 52-year-old male presented with acute-onset lumbar pain without radicular symptoms. Initial lumbar spine computed tomography was unremarkable, leading to home-based analgesic and steroid therapy. The patient’s condition deteriorated, developing severe radicular pain, high-grade fever, and signs of sepsis within seven days. Laboratory tests showed elevated inflammatory markers. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed lumbar SDE at the L3-L5 levels. Emergency surgical intervention, including wide laminectomy and subdural space irrigation, was performed. Postoperatively, the patient received broad-spectrum antibiotics followed by targeted antibiotic therapy based on culture results. The patient showed significant clinical improvement post-surgery. Initial broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy was followed by targeted therapy (vancomycin and levofloxacin) for three weeks, and then oral cephalosporins for four weeks. Laboratory parameters normalized, and the patient reported pain relief with no symptom relapses over six months.

Conclusion

Spinal SDE, though rare, should be considered in patients with acute lumbar pain syndrome, particularly when associated with signs of infection. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention combined with appropriate antibiotic therapy are crucial for favorable outcomes. This case highlights the need for urgent MRI in the early stages of symptom onset to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.
Persistent intestinal myiasis caused by Oestrus ovis in a Nigerian university student: a case report
Authors: Adiri Winifred N. , Basil Bruno , Onyia Chinwe P. , Ugwuanyi Joy O. , Azifuaku Chinyere , Iheukwumere Sam C. , Obienu Olivia , Ijoma Uchenna N. , Nwokediuko Sylvester C.
Published: February 2025

Background

Gastrointestinal myiasis is a rare form of infestation by fly larvae which typically occurs due to ingestion of contaminated food or water, especially in regions with poor hygiene. This report presents a rare and persistent case of intestinal myiasis caused by Oestrus ovis in a Nigerian university student, highlighting the challenges posed by persistent symptoms despite prolonged standard anti-helminthic treatments.

Case presentation

A 24-year-old male Nigerian university student presented with the passage of live maggots in his stool for 1 year likely due to exposure to contaminated food from unsanitary campus vendors. He had received multiple anti-helminthic treatments without improvement. Clinical evaluations, including imaging and laboratory tests, were mostly normal, with live maggots confirmed as Oestrus ovis larvae in stool samples. Initial treatment with standard anti-helminthics failed, leading to prolonged treatment with ivermectin, nitazoxanide, and colonic washes, combined with levofloxacin for Helicobacter pylori eradication, resulting in the resolution of symptoms with no recurrence after 6 months.

Conclusion

This case emphasizes the need for clinicians to consider rare parasitic infections such as Oestrus ovis myiasis, especially in endemic regions with poor hygiene, and highlights the importance of extended or alternative treatment protocols for resistant cases. It also emphasizes the need for increased awareness of food safety and hygiene in high-risk environments and further research into resistance mechanisms in myiasis treatment.
Effective Brief, Low-impact, High-intensity Osteogenic Loading in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Papadopoulou–Marketou Nektaria , Papageorgiou Anna , Marketos Nikolaos , Tsiamyrtzis Panagiotis , Vavetsis Georgios , Chrousos George P
Published: February 2025

Background

Osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and disrupted microarchitecture estimated by trabecular bone score (TBS), resulting in increased bone fracture risk. “Osteostrong®” is a bone-strengthening system implementing 4 devices and incorporating brief (10-minute), weekly, low-impact, and high-intensity osteogenic loading exercises. We evaluated the efficacy of the Osteostrong® intervention in postmenopausal osteoporotic women.

Methods and Subjects

147 postmenopausal osteoporotic women were separated into two groups: Group A comprised 74 women receiving Osteostrong® intervention (mean age 58.8 years, 56.6-61 years 95% CI), and was subdivided into G1 receiving no antiresorptive medication, and G2 on such medication. Group B comprised 73 women that received no Osteostrong® intervention (mean age 61.8 years, 59.4-64.1 95% CI) and was subdivided into G3 on no antiresorptive therapy, and G4 on such treatment. All participants underwent a physical examination and had an assessment for secondary osteoporosis. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) examinations (Horizon W [S/N 300472M]) were performed at the time of trial inclusion and 12 months later.

Results

Statistically significant increases were observed in the following parameters: i) BMD of the lumbar spine (L1-L4) in G1(p=0.0039), G2(p<0.001), and G4(p=0.0059): ii) TBS in G2(p=0.0078): iii) BMD of the right femoral neck in G1(p=0.0382) and G4(p=0.032): iv) BMD of the left femoral neck G2(p=0.0089) and in G4(p=0.0498) and total femur in G2(p=0.0162).

Conclusions

Osteostrong® improved BMD of the lumbar spine in women with osteoporosis both off and on antiresorptive treatment. Furthermore, Osteostrong® enhanced the effect of antiresorptive therapy on BMD and TBS of the spine, hip and femoral neck.
The inflammasome adaptor pycard is essential for immunity against Mycobacterium marinum infection in adult zebrafish
Authors: Uusi-Mäkelä Meri , Harjula Sanna-Kaisa Emilia , Junno Maiju , Sillanpää Alina , Nätkin Reetta , Niskanen Mirja Tellervo , Saralahti Anni Karoliina , Nykter Matti , Rämet Mika
Published: February 2025

Inflammasome regulates the host response to intracellular pathogens including mycobacteria. We have previously shown that the course of Mycobacterium marinum infection in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) mimics the course of tuberculosis in human. To investigate the role of the inflammasome adaptor pycard in zebrafish M. marinum infection, we produced two zebrafish knock-out mutant lines for the pycard gene with CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis. While the zebrafish larvae lacking pycard develop normally and have unaltered resistance against M. marinum, the loss of pycard led to impaired survival and increased bacterial burden in the adult zebrafish. Based on histology, immune cell aggregates, granulomas, were larger in pycard deficient fish compared to wild-type controls. Transcriptome analysis with RNA sequencing of a zebrafish haematopoietic tissue, kidney, suggests a role for pycard in neutrophil-mediated defence, haematopoiesis and myelopoiesis during infection. Transcriptome analysis of fluorescently labelled, pycard deficient kidney neutrophils identified genes that are associated with compromised resistance supporting the importance of pycard for neutrophil-mediated immunity against M. marinum. Our results indicate that pycard is essential for resistance against mycobacteria in adult zebrafish.
In quiescent G0 phase, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Mis4 ensures full nuclear separation during the subsequent M phase
Authors: Suma Michiko , Arakawa Orie , Tahara Yuria , Sajiki Kenichi , Saitoh Shigeaki , Yanagida Mitsuhiro
Published: February 2025

Evolutionarily conserved Mis4 establishes cohesion between replicated sister chromatids in vegetatively proliferating cells. In the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, defects in Mis4 lead to premature separation of sister chromatids, resulting in fatal chromosome mis-segregation during mitosis. In humans, NIPBL, an ortholog of Mis4, is responsible for a multisystem disorder called Cornelia de Lange syndrome. We reported that Mis4 is also essential in non-proliferating quiescent cells. Whereas wild-type fission yeast cells can maintain high viability for long periods without cell division in the quiescent G0 phase, mis4-450 mutant cells cannot. Here, we show that Mis4 is not required for cells to enter G0 phase, but is essential for them to exit from it. When resuming mitosis after passage of G0, mis4 mutant cells segregated sister chromatid successfully, but failed to separate daughter nuclei completely and consequently formed dikaryon-like cells. These findings suggest a novel role for Mis4/NIPBL in quiescent cells, which is prerequisite for full nuclear separation upon resumed mitosis. As most human cells are in a quiescent state, this study may facilitate development of novel therapies for human diseases caused by Mis4/NIPBL deficiency.
Investigating the attitudes and opinions of teachers regarding students with disabilities in general education schools in Patras and the role of social work
Authors: Χρήστου Μελπομένη
Published: February 2025

Η παρούσα εργασία αναλύει, αποτελεί δευτερεύουσα έρευνα και παρουσιάζει τη σημασία της οπτικής των εκπαιδευτικών στο θέμα της διδασκαλίας και νοσηλείας παιδιών και μαθητών με αναπηρία στη μαθησιακή διαδικασία. Όπως αναφέρει ο τίτλος, η παρούσα εργασία αναλύει την πτυχή της ελληνικής πραγματικότητας πάνω από όλα. Η εργασία ξεκινά με το πλαίσιο της αναπηρίας και τι σημαίνει στην πραγματικότητα των μαθητών. Η εργασία συνεχίζει με τους ορισμούς της ειδικής αγωγής και την ικανοποίηση των αναγκών των μαθητών με αναπηρία. Οι κύριες έννοιες, τα θεσμικά πλαίσια, τα νομικά πλαίσια και οι εκπαιδευτικές πρακτικές και απαιτήσεις αναφέρονται και παρουσιάζονται στην εργασία. Χρήσιμα συμπεράσματα παρουσιάζονται στο τέλος της εργασίας
Med-ImageTools: An open-source Python package for robust data processing pipelines and curating medical imaging data
Authors: Kim Sejin , Kazmierski Michal , Qu Kevin , Peoples Jacob , Nakano Minoru , Ramanathan Vishwesh , Marsilla Joseph , Welch Mattea , Simpson Amber , Haibe-Kains Benjamin
Published: February 2025

Background Machine learning and AI promise to revolutionize the way we leverage medical imaging data for improving care but require large datasets to train computational models that can be implemented in clinical practice. However, processing large and complex medical imaging datasets remains an open challenge. Methods To address this issue, we developed Med-ImageTools, a new Python open-source software package to automate data curation and processing while allowing researchers to share their data processing configurations more easily, lowering the barrier for other researchers to reproduce published works. Use cases We have demonstrated the efficiency of Med-ImageTools across three different datasets, resulting in significantly reduced processing times. Conclusions The AutoPipeline feature will improve the accessibility of raw clinical datasets on public archives, such as the Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA), the largest public repository of cancer imaging, allowing machine learning researchers to process analysis-ready formats without requiring deep domain knowledge.
Effects Of 6-Week Telerehabilitation Exercise Programme On Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain In Women: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ahmed Zaina Zahur , Aqil Khan Mohammad Nayel , Bairapareddy Kalyana Chakravarthy
Published: February 2025

Background Chronic non-specific neck pain is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders affecting work and lifestyle. Physiotherapy techniques, such as stretching and strength training, have beneficial effects on neck pain. Telerehabilitation exercise programmes could readily address the growing concern of patient adherence to home-based exercise programmes, while being time- and cost-effective. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of telerehabilitation exercise intervention in females with chronic non-specific neck pain by measuring the pain score, disability index, cervical range of motion (CROM), cervical muscle endurance, and patient adherence. Methods In this pilot randomized controlled trial, 31 females (mean age 22.7 ± 2.1 years) were given a 6-week home-based exercise programme based on their assigned group: telerehabilitation (TR) – online software or conventional (CG) – exercise manual. Baseline measurements were collected using the Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS Pain), Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaire, CROM using the CROM instrument, and cervical muscle endurance through the Craniocervical Flexion Test (CCFT), and repeated after six weeks, in addition to adherence. SPSS version 26.0 was used for all statistical analyses. Results Based on mixed model ANOVA measures (0 week and 6 weeks), within-group comparisons for both groups showed statistical significance in favour of the exercise programme, for all variables (p<0.05). Telerehabilitation group showed significantly more increase in cervical rotation ROM R (0.006) and L (0.03) post-exercise programme, and longer duration of treatment session (0.02) as compared to conventional group. Between-group comparisons showed no significant differences for all other variables. Conclusions Based on our findings, both groups showed significant improvement in neck pain, disability, cervical ROM, and cervical muscle endurance; however, no group was found superior to the other in this regard. While both groups showed good adherence to the frequency of sessions, telerehabilitation exhibited better adherence to the duration of the exercise sessions.