bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing the longitudinal development of phraseological complexity across oral and written tasks
Authors: Vandeweerd Nathan , Housen Alex , Paquot Magali
Published: October 2022

This study builds upon previous research investigating the construct validity of phraseological complexity as an index of L2 development and proficiency. Whereas previous studies have focused on cross-sectional comparisons of written productions across proficiency levels, the current study compares thelongitudinaldevelopment of phraseological complexity in writtenand oralproductions elicited over a 21-month period from learners of French. We also improve upon the state of the art by including L1 data to benchmark learner levels of phraseological complexity. Phraseological complexity, operationalized as the diversity (no. types) and sophistication (PMI) of adjectival modifiers (adjective + noun) and direct objects (verb + noun), was generally higher in learner writing as compared to speaking. Over the study period, the sophistication of phraseological units increased slightly but developmental patterns were found to differ between tasks, highlighting the importance of considering task characteristics when measuring phraseological complexity.
Accounting for different rates of gender reanalysis among Icelandic masculine forms in plural -ur
Authors: Markússon Jón Símon
Published: October 2022

This paper presents a usage-based cognitive approach to the different rates at which Icelandic masculine forms in nominative/accusative plural -ur are reanalysed as feminine. Of the 14.92% of nouns in plural -ur, 91.89% are feminine, others masculine. Syncretism in nominative/accusative plural is exceptionless among feminines, but relatively rare among masculines. Interestingly, plurals such as masculine eigendur ‘owners’, fætur ‘feet’, vetur ‘winters’ occasionally yield the feminine outputs definite eigendur-nar, fætur-nar, vetur-nar, and are sometimes modified by feminine forms of adjectives and determiners. As the full set of forms in plural -ur is highly schematic, we might expect reanalysis – viewed as a property of a schema’s productivity – to correlate proportionately with the frequency of corresponding masculine forms. However, corpus data for Icelandic betray a mismatch. Through a network model approach that emphasises prototype structure, minimal schematicity is shown to impact the rate of reanalysis by means of a gang effect.
‘There is No Icebreaker like a Tiny Child’: Reuniting British Military Families in Cold War Germany
Authors: Huxford Grace
Published: October 2022

Family reunion had a deeply practical and symbolic significance in post-war Europe. Through the case study of British military families living in Germany, this article examines both official discourse and families’ own experiences of reunion and life overseas in the first decades of the Cold War, through the three national but also international visions of the family: as emblems of familial and domestic stability, as ‘unofficial ambassadors’ promoting European unity and as friendly faces of Western democracy. In all cases, the article shows the ways that official messages were embraced, subverted or ignored by families, highlighting the value of exploring context-specific agency. Military families seemingly lived in a world of limited choices, but a range of life narratives show how they came to see aspects of their family life as resolutely theirs.
The Irish Family: Blame, Agency and the ‘Unmarried Mother Problem’, 1980s–2021
Authors: Earner-Byrne Lindsey
Published: October 2022

The recent Final Report of the Commission into Mother and Baby Homes (January 2021) has received considerable criticism for suggesting that the Irish family was as responsible as the churches and state for the mistreatment of single mothers and their children. This article explores a case of two dead babies in mid-1980s Ireland, one single mother, and a rural family that found itself at the centre of an official inquiry. This case provides a prism through which to explore family agency and the official framing of the Irish family as culpable of moral erosion and social destabilisation. In this analysis agency in the familial context emerges as a complex mix of individual and relational exertions comprising conformity and resistance.
The Locarno Film Festival under the Influence? Programming Eastern European Movies in Anti-communist Switzerland (1946–1962)
Authors: Cordoba Cyril
Published: October 2022

The Locarno Film Festival (LFF), founded in 1946 by film industry professionals and local tourism promoters, is reputed as an international hub for emerging cinema. Built apart from, or in opposition to, traditional commercial cinema, the Swiss event gave particular attention to Eastern European movies, to the point that the LFF has frequently been presented as the place where ‘Westerners discovered the talents of Eastern Europe’. However, the presence of these films in Locarno, whose characteristic was the absence of official support from the state, exacerbated Switzerland's anti-communism and led to the creation of a ‘national’ selection committee in 1962 to limit the programming of movies coming from the other side of the Iron Curtain. This article analyses how Swiss politics and ideological tensions conditioned the construction of the Locarno Festival's identity through the prism of the (non-)interventions of the federal state.
Self-compassion training in palliative care during COVID-19: A pilot study
Authors: O’Connor Margaret , Shimoinaba Kaori , Zhong Yaping , Peyton Suzanne
Published: October 2022

Objectives

This pilot project replicated a self-compassion program to support health-care professionals in palliative care settings. We anticipated that undertaking this program would enhance participants’ psychological well-being.

Methods

Participants were recruited by convenience sampling from palliative care services in an area of Melbourne, Australia. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the program was offered online and comprised six once-weekly gatherings. Three survey rounds with identical questions were conducted prior to, immediately after, and 3 months after the training. The surveys consisted of 6 scales: the Self-Compassion Scale, the Santa Clara Brief Compassion Scale, the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Professional Quality of Life Scale, and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index Scale. Paired-sample t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance analyses were used to compare participant responses.

Results

Nine participants working in palliative care completed the training and 3 surveys and included qualitative responses. The experience was overwhelmingly positive. Self-compassion (F = 14.44; p < 0.05) and mindfulness (F = 18.44; p < 0.05) scores significantly increased post-training, were picked up in a short time and endured. The emotional state improved by compassion satisfaction, showing a positive improvement 3 months post-training, along with there being no changes in compassion satisfaction, burnout, and dispositional empathy.

Significance of results

Participants all worked in a supportive environment, which encouraged self-care. Even against the pandemic difficulties, a short online program was effective, assisting participants to cultivate their inner resources in mindfulness and self-compassion. While a small sample size, expansion of the training may benefit the wider palliative care workforce.
Aspirational and representative constitutional identity in Africa
Authors: Erk Jan
Published: October 2022

This article addresses the problématique of giving voice to homegrown traditions of constitutionalism in individual African countries. The scholarly discussion is combined with an applied concern about whether this could instil a wider grassroots embrace of the country’s constitution, thereby consolidating constitutionalism and ensuring longevity. The investigation is carried through the lens of two sub-categories of the concept of constitutional identity: a representative one that reflects a country’s particular political, social and cultural makeup, and an aspirational one that sets goals and ideals. The challenge, in both scholarly and applied terms, is how to ensure that a constitution instils a sense of public ownership by becoming more representative of a country’s underlying makeup while also giving voice to modern aspirations to protect and promote individual human rights, and in doing so, also becoming self-sustaining as the foundational basic law guiding future generations. Attention is paid not only to the forms of constitutions but also to their function in both reaching ideals (in the positive sense of success) and staving off pitfalls (in the negative sense of success). The article also discusses whether these are best achieved through gradual terms over time or through the sudden big bang of mega reforms.
Integration of Deep Learning‐Based Inversion and Upscaled Mass‐Transfer Model for DNAPL Mass‐Discharge Estimation and Uncertainty Assessment
Authors: Kang Xueyuan , Kokkinaki Amalia , Shi Xiaoqing , Yoon Hongkyu , Lee Jonghyun , Kitanidis Peter K. , Wu Jichun
Published: October 2022

The challenges posed by high‐resolution characterization of dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source zone architecture (SZA) have motivated the development of simpler upscaled models that rely on domain‐averaged metrics to capture the average mass discharge downstream of source zones (SZ). However, SZA is highly irregular, making estimation of these domain‐averaged metrics from sparse borehole data extremely difficult. Poor estimation of SZ metrics means that upscaled models cannot reproduce the multistage effluent concentrations. Bayesian inversion methods can be used to obtain accurate estimates of SZ metrics and their uncertainties from sparse data, and from there, upscaled models can better reproduce multistage effluent concentrations. This work presents a framework for integrating a deep‐learning‐based 3D SZA inversion method named Convolutional Variational AutoEncoder—Ensemble Smoother with Multiple Data Assimilation (CVAE‐ESMDA) with a process‐based (PB) upscaled mass‐transfer model. This framework can utilize sparse SZ data to estimate directly mass discharge without multiphase modeling. First, CVAE‐ESMDA estimates the SZA by conditioning on sparse data, which is then used as input in the upscaled model for mass‐discharge estimation. We evaluated our framework on two real and 30 synthetic bench‐scale experiments, with significantly different SZAs and multistage effluent concentrations. The results demonstrate that the CVAE‐based inversion method captures the temporal variations in SZ metrics better than standard ordinary kriging. With the improved SZ metrics, the PB model more accurately reproduces the salient patterns of the multistage mass‐discharge profiles and associated uncertainty. This approach can be used to provide valuable input for risk‐based decision making in remediation applications.
Single-cell transcriptome analyses reveal distinct gene expression signatures of severe COVID-19 in the presence of clonal hematopoiesis
Authors: Choi Baekgyu , Kang Chang Kyung , Park Seongwan , Lee Dohoon , Lee Andrew J. , Ko Yuji , Kang Suk-Jo , Kang Kyuho , Kim Sun , Koh Youngil , Jung Inkyung
Published: October 2022

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), a common aging-related process that predisposes individuals to various inflammatory responses, has been reported to be associated with COVID-19 severity. However, the immunological signature and the exact gene expression program by which the presence of CHIP exerts its clinical impact on COVID-19 remain to be elucidated. In this study, we generated a single-cell transcriptome landscape of severe COVID-19 according to the presence of CHIP using peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Patients with CHIP exhibited a potent IFN-γ response in exacerbating inflammation, particularly in classical monocytes, compared to patients without CHIP. To dissect the regulatory mechanism of CHIP (+)-specific IFN-γ response gene expression in severe COVID-19, we identified DNMT3A CHIP mutation-dependent differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and annotated their putative target genes based on long-range chromatin interactions. We revealed that CHIP mutant-driven hypo-DMRs at poised cis-regulatory elements appear to facilitate the CHIP (+)-specific IFN-γ-mediated inflammatory immune response. Our results highlight that the presence of CHIP may increase the susceptibility to hyperinflammation through the reorganization of chromatin architecture, establishing a novel subgroup of severe COVID-19 patients.
Chronic gvhd dictionary—eurograft cost action initiative consensus report
Authors: Zelić Kerep Ana , Olivieri Atillio , Schoemans Helene , Lawitschka Anita , Halter Jörg , Pulanic Drazen , Dickinson Anne , Greinix Hildegard T. , Pavletic Steven Z. , Schultz Kirk R. , Lee Stephanie J. , Wolff Daniel
Published: October 2022

Chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) affects patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT). This orphan disease poses a challenge for clinicians and researchers. The purpose of the cGVHD Dictionary is to provide a standardized structure for cGVHD databases on an international level, reconciling differences in data retrieval and facilitate database merging. It is derived from several consensus meetings of the EUROGRAFT consortium (European Cooperation in Science and Technology—COST Action CA17138) followed by a consensus process involving European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), US GvHD consortium and Center for International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry (CIBMTR). Databases used for the dictionary were: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) database, the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Applying Biomarkers to Minimize Long Term Effects of Childhood/Adolescent Cancer Treatment - Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Consortium database, EBMT registry, the German-Austrian-Swiss GvHD registry, Italian Blood and Marrow Transplantation Society registry and Regensburg-Göttingen-Newcastle HSCT dataset. A four-part cGVHD Dictionary was formed based on the databases, consensus, and evidence in the literature. The Dictionary is divided into: (1) Patient characteristics, (2) Transplant characteristics, (3) cGVHD characteristics and (4) patient-reported quality of life, symptom burden and functional indicators.
Human leukocyte antigen alleles associate with COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity and risk of breakthrough infection
Authors: Mentzer Alexander J. , O’Connor Daniel , Bibi Sagida , Chelysheva Irina , Clutterbuck Elizabeth A. , Demissie Tesfaye , Dinesh Tanya , Edwards Nick J. , Felle Sally , Feng Shuo , Flaxman Amy L. , Karp-Tatham Eleanor , Li Grace , Liu Xinxue , Marchevsky Natalie , Godfrey Leila , Makinson Rebecca , Bull Maireid B. , Fowler Jamie , Alamad Bana , Malinauskas Tomas , Chong Amanda Y. , Sanders Katherine , Shaw Robert H. , Voysey Merryn ,   Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Genetics Study Team Group, Cavey Ana , Minassian Angela , Stuart Arabella , Khozoee Baktash , Hanumunthadu Brama , Angus Brian , Smith Catherine C. , Turnbull Iain , Kwok Jonathan , Emary Katherine R. W. , Cifuentes Liliana , Ramasamy Maheshi N. , Cicconi Paola , Finn Adam , McGregor Alastair C. , Collins Andrea M. , Smith Andrew , Goodman Anna L. , Green Christopher A. , Duncan Christopher J. A. , Williams Christopher J. A. , Ferreira Daniela M. , Turner David P. J. , Thomson Emma C. , Hill Helen , Pollock Katrina , Toshner Mark , Lillie Patrick J. , Heath Paul , Lazarus Rajeka , Sutherland Rebecca K. , Payne Ruth O. , Faust Saul N. , Darton Tom , Libri Vincenzo , Anslow Rachel , Provtsgaard-Morys Samuel , Hart Thomas , Beveridge Amy , Adlou Syed , Snape Matthew D. , Pollard Andrew J. , Lambe Teresa , Knight Julian C.
Published: October 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine immunogenicity varies between individuals, and immune responses correlate with vaccine efficacy. Using data from 1,076 participants enrolled in ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine efficacy trials in the United Kingdom, we found that inter-individual variation in normalized antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike and its receptor-binding domain (RBD) at 28 days after first vaccination shows genome-wide significant association with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II alleles. The most statistically significant association with higher levels of anti-RBD antibody was HLA-DQB1*06 (P = 3.2 × 10−9), which we replicated in 1,677 additional vaccinees. Individuals carrying HLA-DQB1*06 alleles were less likely to experience PCR-confirmed breakthrough infection during the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus and subsequent Alpha variant waves compared to non-carriers (hazard ratio = 0.63, 0.42–0.93, P = 0.02). We identified a distinct spike-derived peptide that is predicted to bind differentially to HLA-DQB1*06 compared to other similar alleles, and we found evidence of increased spike-specific memory B cell responses in HLA-DQB1*06 carriers at 84 days after first vaccination. Our results demonstrate association of HLA type with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine antibody response and risk of breakthrough infection, with implications for future vaccine design and implementation.
Optimal linear estimation models predict 1400–2900 years of overlap between Homo sapiens and Neandertals prior to their disappearance from France and northern Spain
Authors: Djakovic Igor , Key Alastair , Soressi Marie
Published: October 2022

Recent fossil discoveries suggest that Neandertals and Homo sapiens may have co-existed in Europe for as long as 5 to 6000 years. Yet, evidence for their contemporaneity at any regional scale remains highly elusive. In France and northern Spain, a region which features some of the latest directly-dated Neandertals in Europe, Protoaurignacian assemblages attributed to Homo sapiens appear to ‘replace’ Neandertal-associated Châtelperronian assemblages. Using the earliest and latest known occurrences as starting points, Bayesian modelling has provided indication that these occupations may in fact have been partly contemporaneous. The reality, however, is that we are unlikely to ever identify the ‘first’ or ‘last’ appearance of a species or cultural tradition in the archaeological and fossil record. Here, we use optimal linear estimation modelling to estimate the first appearance date of Homo sapiens and the extinction date of Neandertals in France and northern Spain by statistically inferring these ‘missing’ portions of the Protoaurignacian and Châtelperronian archaeological records. Additionally, we estimate the extinction date of Neandertals in this region using a dataset of directly-dated Neandertal fossil remains. Our total dataset consists of sixty-six modernly produced radiocarbon determinations which we recalibrated using the newest calibration curve (IntCal20) to produce updated age ranges. The results suggest that the onset of the Homo sapiens occupation of this region likely preceded the extinction of Neandertals and the Châtelperronian by up to 1400–2900 years. This reaffirms the Bayesian-derived duration of co-existence between these groups during the initial Upper Palaeolithic of this region using a novel independent method, and indicates that our understanding of the timing of these occupations may not be suffering from substantial gaps in the record. Whether or not this co-existence featured some form of direct interaction, however, remains to be resolved.
A comparative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 viral load across different altitudes
Authors: Ortiz-Prado Esteban , Fernandez-Naranjo Raul , Vásconez Jorge Eduardo , Vallejo-Janeta Alexander Paolo , Morales-Jadan Diana , Rivera-Olivero Ismar A. , Lozada Tannya , Viscor Gines , Garcia-Bereguiain Miguel Angel ,   The UDLA-COVID-19 team, Rondal Jonathan Dario , Granda Genoveva , Santamaria Ana Cecilia , Pino Cynthia Lorena , Espinosa Oscar Lenin , Buitron Angie , Grisales David Sanchez , Jimenez Karina Beatriz , Bastidas Vanessa , Aguilar Dayana Marcela , Paredes Ines Maria , Bilvao Christian David , Pazmiño Sebastian Rodriguez , Laglaguano Juan Carlos , Herrera Henry , Espinosa Pablo Marcelo , Galarraga Edison Andres , Zambrano-Mila Marlon Steven , Tito Ana Maria , Zapata Nelson David
Published: October 2022

SARS-CoV-2 has spread throughout the world, including areas located at high or very high altitudes. There is a debate about the role of high altitude hypoxia on viral transmission, incidence, and COVID-19 related mortality. This is the first comparison of SARS-CoV-2 viral load across elevations ranging from 0 to 4300 m. To describe the SARS-CoV-2 viral load across samples coming from 62 cities located at low, moderate, high, and very high altitudes in Ecuador. An observational analysis of viral loads among nasopharyngeal swap samples coming from a cohort of 4929 patients with a RT-qPCR test positive for SARS-CoV-2. The relationship between high and low altitude only considering our sample of 4929 persons is equal in both cases and not significative (p-value 0.19). In the case of low altitude, adding the sex variable to the analysis, it was possible to find a significative difference between men and women (p-value < 0.05). Considering initially sex and then altitude, it was possible to find a significative difference between high and low altitude for men (p-value 0.05). There is not enough evidence to state that viral load is affected directly by altitude range but adding a new variable as sex in the analysis shows that the presence of new variables influences the relationship of altitude range and viral load. There is no evidence that viral loads (Ct and copies/ml) differ at low or high altitude. Using sex as a co-factor, we found that men have higher viral loads than women at low and moderate altitude locations, while living at high altitude, no differences were found. When Ct values were aggregated by low, moderate, and high viral load, we found no significant differences when sex was excluded from the analysis. We conclude that viral load is not directly affected by altitude, but COVID-19 incidence and mortality are rather affected by socio-demographic and idiosyncratic dynamics.
Effectiveness of a quality improvement strategy with implementation of a specific visual tool to promote ICU early mobilization
Authors: de Souza Patricia Nery , Kroth Jessica Borges , dos Santos Ligero Amanda , Mendes Juliana Mesti , Maida Ana Lígia Vasconcelos , Pastore Laerte , Yamaguti Wellington Pereira
Published: October 2022

Early progressive mobilization is a safe strategy in the intensive care unit (ICU), however, it is still considered challenging by the inherent barriers and poor adherence to early mobilization protocol. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a quality improvement (QI) multifaceted strategy with implementation of a specific visual tool, the “mobility clock”, in reducing non-compliance with the institutional early mobilization (EM) protocol in adult ICUs. A single-center QI with a retrospective before-after comparison study was conducted using data from medical records and hospital electronic databases. Patients from different periods presented similar baseline characteristics. After the QI strategy, a decline in “non-compliance” with the protocol was observed compared to the previous period (10.11% vs. 26.97%, p < 0.004). The proportion of patients walking was significantly higher (49.44% vs. 29.21%, p < 0.006) and the ICU readmission rate was lower in the “after” period (2.25% vs. 11.24%; p = 0.017). The multifaceted strategy specifically designed considering institutional barriers was effective to increase out of bed mobilization, to reduce the “non-compliance” rate with the protocol and to achieve a higher level of mobility in adult ICUs of a tertiary hospital.
Cloning and in silico characterization of an abiotic stress-inducible U-box domain-containing protein gene GsPUB8 from Glycine soja
Authors: Mallano Ali Inayat , Nisa Zaib-un , Khaliq Binish , Ali Naila , Ali Qurban , Chao Chen , Yanming Zhu
Published: October 2022

The ubiquitination pathway is involved in the posttranslational modification of cellular proteins. However, the role of E3 ubiquitin ligase family proteins under abiotic stress conditions remains unclear, particularly in soybean. The core objective of the current study was to isolate and functionally characterize the GsPUB8 protein gene from wild soybean (Glycine soja) by using a homologous cloning method to investigate its abiotic stress responses. The GsPUB8 is a 40,562 Da molecular weight protein with 373 amino acid residues. The sequence alignment revealed the presence of U-box domain while the phylogenetic analysis showed an abundance of PUB8 proteins in both monocot and dicot plants. Analysis of gene structure predicted the absence of introns along with the presence of one exon. Furthermore, the activity of the GsPUB8 protein was anticipated in the plasma membrane and its expression was persuaded with NaCl, ABA, PEG6000, and NaHCO3 treatments with considerably higher manifestation in roots than leaves although, expressed in both vegetative and reproductive parts of G. soja. GsPUB8 protein showed 54% and 32% sequence identity to U-box domain containing 8 and 12 proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa subsp. japonica, respectively. GsPUB8 exhibited relatively higher expression under saline and drought stress particularly in roots. Whereas, the 3D model of GsPUB8 protein was generated using the SWISS-MODEL. This study can be used to manipulate the GsPUB8 protein or GsPUB8 gene for transformation purposes and its functional characterization under abiotic stress conditions.
Ferromagnetism modulation by ultralow current in a two-dimensional polycrystalline molybdenum disulphide atomic layered structure
Authors: Muneta Iriya , Shirokura Takanori , Hai Pham Nam , Kakushima Kuniyuki , Tsutsui Kazuo , Wakabayashi Hitoshi
Published: October 2022

Layered materials, such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, are able to obtain new properties and functions through the modification of their crystal arrangements. In particular, ferromagnetism in polycrystalline MoS2 is of great interest because the corresponding nonmagnetic single crystals exhibit spontaneous spin splitting only through the formation of grain boundaries. However, no one has reported direct evidence of this unique phenomenon thus far. Herein, we demonstrate ferromagnetism modulation by an ultralow current density < 103 A/cm2 in 7.5-nm-thick polycrystalline MoS2, in which magnetoresistance shows three patterns according to the current intensity: wide dip, nondip and narrow dip structures. Since magnetoresistance occurs because of the interaction between the current of 4d electrons in the bulk and localized 4d spins in grain boundaries, this result provides evidence of the current modulation of ferromagnetism induced by grain boundaries. Our findings pave the way for the investigation of a novel method of magnetization switching with low power consumption for magnetic random access memories.
Sporozoite motility as a quantitative readout for anti-CSP antibody inhibition
Authors: de Korne C. M. , van Schuijlenburg R. , Sijtsma J. C. , de Bes H. M. , Baalbergen E. , Azargoshasb S. , van Oosterom M. N. , McCall M. B. B. , van Leeuwen F. W. B. , Roestenberg M.
Published: October 2022

Antibodies can prevent malaria by neutralizing the infectious Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (SPZ) before they establish an infection in the liver. Circumsporozoite protein (CSP), the most abundant surface protein of SPZ is the leading candidate for passive (and subunit) immunization approaches against malaria. Comprehensive assessment of the parasite-inhibitory capacity of anti-CSP monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is an important step in advancing CSP-based immunization strategies. In this study, we employed a quantitative imaging-based motility assay to quantify the effect of anti-CSP mAbs on SPZ motility, both in vitro and in human skin.

Our assay provided a quantitative measure of mAb parasite-inhibitory capacity through measurement of the half-maximal motility inhibitory concentration (IC50M) value for anti-CSP mAbs (IC50M 2A10: 24 nM, IC50M 3SP2: 71 nM). We found a sevenfold discrepancy between the IC50M and the binding saturation concentration measured by ELISA, possibly related to the observed shedding of CSP-mAb complexes during SPZ movement. In a subset of SPZ (5%), in vitro motility was unaffected by the presence of 2A10 while 3SP2 was able to completely block movement. In our ex vivo skin explant model, SPZ proved less susceptible to anti-CSP mAbs compared to SPZ in an in vitro environment. By quantitatively assessing motility, we created a valuable tool that can be used for comprehensive assessment of anti-CSP mAb potency. Insight that will help deepen our understanding of anti-CSP mAb potency and guide selection of the most promising anti-CSP mAbs for downstream clinical development.
Lewis acid-triggered photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production in an aluminum-based metal–organic framework
Authors: Kondo Yoshifumi , Hino Kenta , Kuwahara Yasutaka , Mori Kohsuke , Kobayashi Hisayoshi , Yamashita Hiromi
Published: October 2022

Al-based MIL-101-NH2, which was previously regarded as having silent photo-features, exhibits photocatalytic H2O2 production via O2 reduction accompanied by efficient suppression of undesired H2O2 decomposition.
Durable gelfoams stabilized by compressible nanocomposite microgels
Authors: Nishizawa Yuichiro , Watanabe Takumi , Noguchi Tetsuya , Takizawa Masaya , Song Chihong , Murata Kazuyoshi , Minato Haruka , Suzuki Daisuke
Published: October 2022

Compressible nanocomposite microgels can stabilize the air/water interfaces of gas bubbles for several months, which affords durable gelfoams.
Correction: Traceless enzymatic synthesis of monodispersed hypermodified oligodeoxyribonucleotide polymers from RNA templates
Authors: Ondruš Marek , Sýkorová Veronika , Hocek Michal
Published: October 2022

Correction for ‘Traceless enzymatic synthesis of monodispersed hypermodified oligodeoxyribonucleotide polymers from RNA templates’ by Marek Ondruš et al., Chem. Commun., 2022, 58, 11248–11251, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CC03588J.
Which DFT factors influence the accuracy of 1H, 13C and 195Pt NMR chemical shift predictions in organopolymetallic square-planar complexes? New scaling parameters for homo- and hetero-multimetallic compounds and their direct applications
Authors: Bella Giovanni , Milone Marco , Bruno Giuseppe , Santoro Antonio
Published: October 2022

Because of their chemical heterogeneity, stereochemical complexity and the presence of heavy atoms involving orbitals with high quantum number L, organopolymetallic complexes require considerable focus during their NMR spectral interpretation.
Revealing the sensing mechanism of a fluorescent pH probe based on a bichromophore approach
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhao Li , Laursen Bo W. , Chen Junsheng
Published: October 2022

The pH sensing mechanism of TMARh is investigated by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations, showing that this new type of sensor can be better understood using the bichromophore model.
Non-redox reactivity of V(ii) and Fe(ii) formamidinates towards CO2 resulting in the formation of novel M(ii) carbamates
Authors: Korona Krzesimir , Kornowicz Arkadiusz , Justyniak Iwona , Terlecki Michał , Błachowski Artur , Lewiński Janusz
Published: October 2022

Multiple CO2 insertions into the M–N bonds of V(ii) and Fe(ii) bis(formamidinates) led to the isolation of three novel carbamates. The CO2 insertion effectivity depended on the solvent used and the metal centre's coordination sphere geometry.
Structural principles of cation ordering and octahedral tilting in A-site ordered double perovskites: ferroelectric CaMnTi2O6 as a model system
Authors: Albrecht Elisabeth K. , Karttunen Antti J.
Published: October 2022

Quantum chemical methods have been used to study systematically all relevant combinations of cation ordering and tilting in A-site ordered AA′B2O6 double perovskites.
Inorganic salt-assisted assembly of anionic π-conjugated rings enabling7Li NMR-based evaluation of antiaromaticity
Authors: Ito Shotaro , Ishii Youichi , Kuwabara Takuya
Published: October 2022

A cluster composed of three dilithium dibenzosilepinides and two Li2O molecules showed downfield shifted7Li{1H} NMR signals (δ= 6.3, 4.4) due to the paratropic ring currents of the dianionic dibenzosilepins.
On the compatibility of high mass loading bismuth anodes for full-cell sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Colbin Lars Olow Simon , Nwafornso Tochukwu E. , Li Yunjie , Younesi Reza
Published: October 2022

The rate capability and cyclability of high mass loading metallic bismuth anodes are studied in full-cell sodium-ion batteries, using Prussian white cathodes.
Supramolecular assembly and structural transformation of d10-metal complexes containing (aza-15-crown-5)dithiocarbamate
Authors: Tzeng Biing-Chiau , Wu Chung-Lun , Hung Jun-Wei , Chien Su-Ying , Lee Gene-Hsiang
Published: October 2022

[Au(O4NCS2)]2 underwent structural transformation by heating to give [Au(O4NCS2)]6. Moreover, [Ag(O4NCS2)]n and [Cu(O4NCS2)]4 can be isolated, and notably [Cu(O4NCS2)]4 structurally transformed to [Cu(O4NCS2)]8 by heating can be also observed.
Crystalline paramagnetic supramolecular 2D-polymer of the tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin and terbium(iii) complex
Authors: Nazarov Dmitry I. , Faraonov Maxim A. , Kuzmin Alexey V. , Khasanov Salavat S. , Otsuka Akihiro , Yamochi Hideki , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Konarev Dmitri V.
Published: October 2022

A new crystalline hybrid organic–inorganic two-dimensional supramolecular polymer of the tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin and terbium(iii) complex, TbIII(TMHD)3, has been obtained and investigated.
A novel, environment-friendly method to prepare pyranones from furfural alcoholsviaphotocatalytic O2oxidation in an aqueous phase
Authors: Zhou Bei , Tao Yun-Feng , He Yu-Juan , Liu Lan-Xiang , Chang Zu-Hui , Li Xiang-Hong , Lin Tong , Du Guan-Ben
Published: October 2022

A novel “green” photocatalytic method has been developed to convert various furfural alcohols into pyranones in an aqueous phase under ambient conditions and white light irradiation using oxygen as the oxidant source.
Deoxyfluorination tunes the aggregation of cellulose and chitin oligosaccharides and highlights the role of specific hydroxyl groups in the crystallization process
Authors: Fittolani Giulio , Djalali Surusch , Chaube Manishkumar A. , Tyrikos-Ergas Theodore , Dal Colle Marlene C. S. , Grafmüller Andrea , Seeberger Peter H. , Delbianco Martina
Published: October 2022

Using synthetic oligosaccharides, we examined how deoxyfluorination (site and pattern) impact the solubility and aggregation of cellulose and chitin oligomers.
Electrocatalytic three-component synthesis of 4-halopyrazoles with sodium halide as the halogen source
Authors: Chen Jin-Yang , Li Hong-Xia , Mu Si-Yu , Song Hai-Yang , Wu Zhi-Lin , Yang Tian-Bao , Jiang Jun , He Wei-Min
Published: October 2022

The first example of the electrocatalytic multicomponent synthesis of 4-chloro/bromo/iodopyrazoles from hydrazines, acetylacetones and sodium halides under chemical oxidant- and external electrolyte-free conditions has been developed.
Effect of backbone flexibility on covalent template-directed synthesis of linear oligomers
Authors: Núñez-Villanueva Diego , Hunter Christopher A.
Published: October 2022

Conformational flexibility is important in selection of monomer building blocks used in template-directed replication of linear oligomers. The ring strain calculated for competing macrocyclisation reactions provides a useful design criterion.
Aqueous phase hydrogenation of maleic acid to succinic acid mediated by formic acid: the robustness of the Pd/C catalytic system
Authors: Orozco-Saumell Ana , Mariscal R. , Iglesias J. , Maireles-Torres P. , López Granados M.
Published: October 2022

The Pd/C system is a highly selective and robust catalyst for the formic acid-driven CTH of MAc. Deactivation is detected at WHSV of MAc > 13 g MAc gcat−1 h−1. Despite deactivation, the cumulative catalytic productivity is above 5300 g of SAc gcat−1.
Dizziness, Falls, and Hearing Loss in Adults Living With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Nelson M. Dawn , Bennett Danielle M. , Lehman Mark E. , Okonji Angela I.
Published: October 2022

Objective:

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of reported dizziness/imbalance, frequency of falls, and hearing loss in adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) and determine the relationship of these self-reported problems both during and in the absence of an SCD crisis. Also, the impact of educational level and health insurance on seeking treatment services, as well as the relationship of falls to stroke, legal blindness, and other orthopedic problems, was assessed. Interrupted blood flow to shared vestibular and auditory arteries supports the notion of increased likelihood of balance deficits and increased falls in this population.

Design:

A cross-sectional survey study design was used. Adults living with SCD responded to a questionnaire that was distributed online and through traditional mail.

Study Sample:

Adults living with SCD (
N
= 135) participated in the study.

Results:

Responses revealed 70% of participants with SCD experienced dizziness/imbalance and 23% reported hearing loss. Furthermore, 33% of participants reported falling one or more times in the last year. The prevalence of dizziness/imbalance, falling, and hearing loss in the respondents with SCD was much higher than that of the general population of the United States. Additionally, for dizziness and falling, the prevalence was higher not only than the national average but also for persons over 65 years of age. A significant association was demonstrated between dizziness/imbalance and hearing loss as well as dizziness/imbalance and falls for adults living with SCD. In fact, participants with self-reported hearing loss were 5.2 times more likely to also report dizziness/imbalance. They were 4.9 times more likely to fall if they also reported dizziness/imbalance. Numbness of the feet was revealed to significantly impact the likelihood of falling in this disease population and should be further studied. Regarding SCD crisis status, dizziness/imbalance and falls were more likely to occur outside of SCD crisis than during a crisis. Furthermore, pain levels were significantly associated with dizziness/imbalance only when respondents were in crisis and not in the absence of a crisis. In crisis, higher pain levels were reported from respondents who also reported dizziness/imbalance than from those who did not report dizziness. No significant relationship was revealed between hearing loss and falls.

Discussion:

These results provide justification for patient and health care provider education regarding appropriate referrals for vestibular/balance assessments and provision of fall prevention strategies. Future studies on balance and SCD are encouraged.
“Tan and Crunchy Is Where We Live”: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Caregivers' Perspectives of Pediatric Feeding Disorder in Children With Developmental Disability
Authors: Muldoon Deirdre M. , Murphy Thomas M. , DeBonis David A.
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to examine caregivers' perceptions of feeding disorders in their young child who also had a co-occurring developmental disability (DD).

Method:

Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, eight caregivers of children with DD and pediatric feeding disorder (PFD) were interviewed. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for the lived experiences of caregivers. Thematic analysis, member checking, and an audit were completed by three researchers.

Results:

Three themes emerged: Parenting Journey, Emotions and Repercussions, and Winging It. Results indicated caregivers struggled to find appropriate professional help, referenced lack of confidence in the professionals designated to help, and were often ambivalent in approach to the PFD. Indications were that parents were frequently retelling past experiences as they presented the narrative of the feeding disorder and, as such, created narratives that became part of their present and the future experiences when feeding their child.

Conclusions:

Implications for speech-language pathologists are considered. Particularly, interventions that go beyond the immediate environmental variables of the feeding or mealtime environment are considered, including the application of this analysis to necessary psychological flexibility for caregivers of children with PFD.
A deep learning approach for focal-plane wavefront sensing using vortex phase diversity
Authors: Quesnel M. , Orban de Xivry G. , Louppe G. , Absil O.
Published: October 2022

Context.The performance of high-contrast imaging instruments is limited by wavefront errors, in particular by non-common path aberrations (NCPAs). Focal-plane wavefront sensing (FPWFS) is appropriate to handle NCPAs because it measures the aberration where it matters the most, that is to say at the science focal plane. Phase retrieval from focal-plane images results, nonetheless, in a sign ambiguity for even modes of the pupil-plane phase.

Aims.The phase diversity methods currently used to solve the sign ambiguity tend to reduce the science duty cycle, that is, the fraction of observing time dedicated to science. In this work, we explore how we can combine the phase diversity provided by a vortex coronagraph with modern deep learning techniques to perform efficient FPWFS without losing observing time.

Methods.We applied the state-of-the-art convolutional neural network EfficientNet-B4 to infer phase aberrations from simulated focal-plane images. The two cases of scalar and vector vortex coronagraphs (SVC and VVC) were considered using a single post-coronagraphic point spread function (PSF) or two PSFs obtained by splitting the circular polarization states, respectively.

Results.The sign ambiguity has been properly lifted in both cases even at low signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns). Using either the SVC or the VVC, we have reached a very similar performance compared to using phase diversity with a defocused PSF, except for high levels of aberrations where the SVC slightly underperforms compared to the other approaches. The models finally show great robustness when trained on data with a wide range of wavefront errors and noise levels.

Conclusions.The proposed FPWFS technique provides a 100% science duty cycle for instruments using a vortex coronagraph and does not require any additional hardware in the case of the SVC.
Assessing coincident neutrino detections using population models
Authors: Capel F. , Burgess J. M. , Mortlock D. J. , Padovani P.
Published: October 2022

Several tentative associations between high-energy neutrinos and astrophysical sources have been recently reported, but a conclusive identification of these potential neutrino emitters remains challenging. We explore the use of Monte Carlo simulations of source populations to gain deeper insight into the physical implications of proposed individual source–neutrino associations. In particular, we focus on the IC170922A–TXS 0506+056 observation. Assuming a null model, we find a 7.6% chance of mistakenly identifying coincidences betweenγ-ray flares from blazars and neutrino alerts in 10-year surveys. We confirm that a blazar–neutrino connection based on theγ-ray flux is required to find a low chance coincidence probability and, therefore, a significant IC170922A–TXS 0506+056 association. We then assume this blazar–neutrino connection for the whole population and find that the ratio of neutrino toγ-ray fluxes must be ≲10−2in order not to overproduce the total number of neutrino alerts seen by IceCube. For the IC170922A–TXS 0506+056 association to make sense, we must either accept this low flux ratio or suppose that only some rare sub-population of blazars is capable of high-energy neutrino production. For example, if we consider neutrino production only in blazar flares, we expect the flux ratio of between 10−3and 10−1to be consistent with a single coincident observation of a neutrino alert and flaringγ-ray blazar. These constraints should be interpreted in the context of the likelihood models used to find the IC170922A–TXS 0506+056 association, which assumes a fixed power-law neutrino spectrum ofE−2.13for all blazars.
Accurate cosmic microwave background covariance matrices: Exact calculation and approximations
Authors: Camphuis E. , Benabed K. , Galli S. , Hivon E. , Lilley M.
Published: October 2022

Context. A reliable estimation of cosmological parameters from pseudo-power spectrum estimators requires accurate covariance matrices.

Aims. We focus on the analytical calculation of covariance matrices. We consider the case of observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) in temperature and polarization on a small footprint such as in the South Pole Telescope third-generation (SPT-3G) experiment, which observes 4% of the sky. Power spectra evaluated on small footprints are expected to have strong correlations between modes, and these need to be accurately modeled.

Methods. We present for the first time an algorithm that allows an efficient (but computationally expensive) exact calculation of analytic covariance matrices. Using it as our reference, we tested the accuracy of existing fast approximations of the covariance matrix. Furthermore, we propose a new approximation that is designed to be more precise. Finally, we derived the covariance matrices for mask-corrected power spectra estimated by the PolSpice code. In particular, in the case of a small sky fraction, we included the effect of the apodization of the large-scale modes.

Results. We find that when the power spectrum is binned in wide bandpowers, current approximations of the covariance matrix are correct up to the 5% level on the SPT-3G small sky footprint. Our new approximation improves the previous approximations and reaches a precision of 1% for the wide bandpowers. It is generally more than four times more accurate than current approaches.

Conclusions. While we considered the specific case of the CMB, our results are applicable to any other cosmological probe that requires the calculation of pseudo-power spectrum covariance matrices.