bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of mental health literacy interventions in young people: a meta-analysis
Authors: Mills John , Cumbers Lee , Williams Samuel , Titley-Wall Henry
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Adolescence and young adulthood are recognised as critical time for developing mental health literacy (MHL). The purpose of this study is to analyse the effectiveness of current MHL interventions to guide the future development of MHL intervention strategies.

Design/methodology/approach

A meta-analysis adopting the PRISMA framework for systematically reviewing the literature was adopted. Three authors independently reviewed studies and extrapolated key data for analysis. A robust random-effects model with adjustments for small study biases was conducted to establish the effect sizes of all included MHL interventions. Moderator analysis was conducted to examine the effects of intervention length in MHL.

Findings

A total of 11 intervention studies were identified and analysed, resulting in a medium to large pooled effect size of 0.62 (95% CI: 0.28; 0.96). Moderator analysis found that short interventions had an estimated standard mean difference (SMD) effect size of 0.9220 (95% CI: −1.1555; 2.9995). This was greater than the medium length interventions, with an estimated SMD effect size of 0.4967 (95% CI: 0.0452; 0.9483), and long interventions, with an estimated SMD effect size of 0.5628 (95% CI: −0.2726; 1.3983). As a result, MHL interventions are proficient in improving young adults’ MHL, with shorter interventions (45–50 min) having the largest effect size. This study highlights several inconsistencies in methodological rigour and reporting from studies in this area, which future research should look to address.

Originality/value

To date, MHL review studies have often focused their attention on a specific domain, most notably education and school-based setting. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no reviews have conducted a meta-analysis across contexts and domains with a specific focus on MHL intervention strategies for young adults.
Financial inclusion and the financial and economic development: review of the literature, evidence gaps and the road ahead
Authors: Naili Maryem , Jabbouri Imad , Helmi Issa
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on financial inclusion, with a focus on its relationship to financial and economic development.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper begins by surveying the field of financial inclusion research over the past 15 years, highlighting the evolution of how financial inclusion has been studied in practice. By reviewing 107 studies published between 2008 and 2023 in 63 peer-reviewed journals, the study emphasizes the importance of recent research in this field.

Findings

The analysis reveals key findings on the positive impact of financial inclusion on economic growth, poverty reduction, financial stability and CO2 emissions, among other factors. Despite the extensive empirical and theoretical work accomplished in the field, the study argues that there is still a need for further research on financial inclusion, including exploring new regions and financial and economic development indicators such as social capital, entrepreneurship and political stability.

Practical implications

This research aspires to map the emerging discourse on this topic, identify major gaps, and provide a productive line to guide future research. This will contribute to the ongoing debate led by the World Bank on financial inclusion as an effective measure to fight poverty. This study attempts to proffer ideas to encourage collaborative research and deepen our understanding on the role of financial inclusion.

Originality/value

This study offers a comprehensive overview of recent research on financial inclusion and highlights the need for further research in this field. This study also proposes a promising future research agenda to guide future advancements in the area of financial inclusion.
Multi-faceted Eurasianism: a comparison in practice
Authors: Torosyan Veronika
Published: August 2023

Purpose

After the collapse of the USSR, Eurasian integration projects, proposed by Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey, began to develop in the post-Soviet space. Hence, there is growing interest in Eurasianism as an ideology. In this context, the study of the use of the Eurasianism's ideas in practice becomes relevant. The argument of this article is that Russia, Turkey, and Kazakstan have their own interpretations of Eurasianism's ideas to develop the ideological basis of their own integration projects. The purpose of the article is to answer the question: How is the Eurasianism used in integration projects of Russia, Turkey and Kazakstan?

Design/methodology/approach

The concept of Eurasianism has been viewed in terms of constructivism. On the basis of the principles of social constructivism, and in particular the works of constructivist ideologue Alexander Wendt, a comparative analysis was made. The ideas of Eurasianism in the integration processes of Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey has been carried out based on the criteria such as the role of common ideas, identity, consciousness, memory and culture. The examples of mentioned countries were compared, to consider the development of the ideas of Eurasianism in practice.

Findings

The ideas of Eurasianism have a significant impact on the integration processes of the post-Soviet space. Eurasianism advocates for important factors such as respect for cultural and civilizational differences between different nations, their equality in the overall union and common development opportunities. Such factors are undoubtedly important for the success of integration projects. The reflection of many individual thoughts of classical Eurasians and Neo-Eurasians can be seen in the statements of various ministers and leaders of Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey. The initiatives of these countries in creating integration projects also show the influence of the Eurasian concept.

Originality/value

In the 1990s, the study of Eurasianism gained new significance in academic circles. Articles and periodicals devoted to this concept were published. However, all parallels between variations in concepts of Eurasianism have been conducted on a theoretical level. The importance of this article lies in the fact that conceptual differences are compared in practice. Researchers had not previously considered the study of the relevance and productivity of Eurasianism in practice by comparing examples and experiences from different countries. The novelty of this article lies in its attempt to solve this problem.
Tourist loyalty in the metaverse: the role of immersive tourism experience and cognitive perceptions
Authors: Jafar Rana Muhammad Sohail , Ahmad Wasim
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Metaverse technology is of interest to researchers and practitioners in tourism and hospitality. The metaverse offers tourists the capacity to enjoy unprecedented tourism experiences. These opportunities may radically change the tourism and hospitality landscape. This study aims to examine how metaverse experiences affect tourists' cognitive processing, satisfaction and loyalty toward metaverse tourism using the stimulus-organism-response paradigm and cognitive experiential self-theory.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey was undertaken to gather information from 329 respondents who were frequent users of different metaverse applications to meet the study's objectives. Data were evaluated through partial least squares structural equation modelling.

Findings

The findings revealed that metaverse experiences, such as immersion, escapism and enjoyment, had a significant positive impact on metaverse organismic experience. Additionally, metaverse cognitive processing positively influenced metaverse tourist responses, including satisfaction and loyalty, with tourist involvement acting as a moderator.

Originality/value

This study provides guidelines for metaverse developers and travel industry professionals to encourage visitor satisfaction and loyalty to metaverse tourism.
Tensile Fractures and in situ Stress Measurement Data Constraints on Cretaceous–Present Tectonic Stress Field Evolution of the Tanlu Fault Zone in Shandong Province, North China Craton
Authors: YANG Chengwei , WANG Chenghu
Published: August 2023

Tectonic stress fields are the key drivers of tectonic events and the evolution of regional structures. The tectonic stress field evolution of the Tanlu fault zone in Shandong Province, located in the east of the North China Craton (NCC), may have preserved records of the NCC's tectonic history. Borehole television survey and hydraulic fracturing were conducted to analyze the paleo and present tectonic stress fields. Three groups of tensile fractures were identified via borehole television, their azimuths being NNW–SSE, NW–SE and NE–SW, representing multiple stages of tectonic events. Hydraulic fracturing data indicates that the study region is experiencing NEE–SWW‐oriented compression and nearly‐N–S‐oriented extension, in accordance with strike‐slip and compression. Since the Cretaceous, the orientation of the extensional stress has evolved counterclockwise and sequentially from nearly‐NW–SE‐oriented to NE–SW‐oriented and even nearly N–S‐oriented, the stress state having transitioned from strike‐slip‐extension to strike‐slip‐compression, in association with the rotating and oblique subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the NCC, with the participation of the Indian Plate.
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy mutations link the RNA‐binding protein HNRNPQ to autophagosome biogenesis
Authors: Ishtayeh Hasan , Galves Margarita , Barnatan Tania T. , Berdichevsky Yevgeny , Amer‐Sarsour Fatima , Pasmanik‐Chor Metsada , Braverman Itzhak , Blumen Sergiu C. , Ashkenazi Avraham
Published: August 2023

Autophagy is an intracellular degradative process with an important role in cellular homeostasis. Here, we show that the RNA binding protein (RBP), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein Q (HNRNPQ)/SYNCRIP is required to stimulate early events in autophagosome biogenesis, in particular the induction of VPS34 kinase by ULK1‐mediated beclin 1 phosphorylation. The RBPs HNRNPQ and poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) form a regulatory network that controls the turnover of distinct autophagy‐related (ATG) proteins. We also show that oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) mutations engender a switch from autophagosome stimulation to autophagosome inhibition by impairing PABPN1 and HNRNPQ control of the level of ULK1. The overexpression of HNRNPQ in OPMD patient‐derived cells rescues the defective autophagy in these cells. Our data reveal a regulatory mechanism of autophagy induction that is compromised by PABPN1 disease mutations, and may thus further contribute to their deleterious effects.
Are DEA‐waivered buprenorphine prescribers colocated with behavioral health clinicians?
Authors: Zerden Lisa de Saxe , Sullivan Connor , Galloway Evan , Richman Erica L. , Gaiser Maria G. , Lombardi Brianna
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives

Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in primary care includes a combination of medication, behavioral therapy, and/or other psychosocial services. This study assessed rates of colocation between waivered prescribers and behavioral health clinicians across the United States to understand if rates varied by provider type and geographic indicators.

Methods

Data from the DEA‐Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000 provider list as of March 2022 and the National Plan and Provider Enumeration System's National Provider Identifier database were gathered, cleaned, and formatted in Stata. Data were geocoded with ESRI StreetMap® database and ArcGIS software. Covariates at individual, county, and state levels were examined and compared. Chi‐square statistics and a mixed‐effects logistic regression were analyzed.

Results

The sample (N = 71, 292 prescribers) included physicians (64%), nurse practitioners (29%), and physician assistants (7%). About 48% of prescribers were colocated with a behavioral health clinician. Physicians were the least likely to be colocated (47%), but differences between provider types were modest. We observed significant geographic differences in provider colocation by provider type. Mixed effects logistic regression identified significant predictors of colocation at individual, county, and state levels.

Discussion and Conclusions

Optimally distributing the workforce providing MOUD is necessary to broadly ensure the provision of comprehensive MOUD care based on practice guidelines.

Scientific Significance

Less than half of all waivered prescribers, outside of hospitals, are colocated with behavioral health clinicians. Findings offer greater clarity on where integrated MOUD is occurring, among which types of providers, and where it needs to be expanded to increase MOUD uptake.
ATG versus PTCy in matched unrelated donor haematopoietic stem cell transplantations with non‐myeloablative conditioning
Authors: Aydin Mesire , de Leeuw David C. , Rutten Caroline E. , Visser Otto J. , Tang Man Wai , van Roessel Cinthy , Janssen Jeroen J. W. , Biemond Bart J. , van de Loosdrecht Arjan A. , Hazenberg Mette D. , Meijer Ellen , Nur Erfan
Published: August 2023

Graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) is a serious complication of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Both anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) and post‐transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) are used as lymphocyte‐depleting strategies, yet a systematic comparison of transplantation outcomes between these two methods in matched unrelated donors (MUD) transplantations with non‐myeloablative conditioning (NMC) is lacking. Adult patients with haematological malignancies who had undergone MUD HSCT with NMC regimens between 2014 and 2021 at 2 centres in Amsterdam (ATG: n = 95, PTCy: n = 90), were included in this retrospective study. Patient characteristics were comparable between the groups. The cumulative incidence of acute GvHD grade II–IV was 48% in the ATG group compared to 21% in the PTCy group (p < 0.001). The 3‐year moderate/severe chronic GvHD was similar in both groups (p = 0.69). While the relapse rate was comparable between the groups (ATG 31% vs. PTCy 34%, p = 0.94), non‐relapse mortality tended to be higher in the ATG group (17% vs. 9%, p = 0.069). Overall survival was similar in both groups (p = 0.12). In conclusion, PTCy‐based regimens resulted in a significantly lower rate of acute GvHD than ATG‐containing regimens in MUD transplantations with NMC. Whether PTCy results in improved overall survival as compared to ATG needs to be elucidated in larger prospective studies.
A novel tension relief technique to aid the primary closure of traumatic equine wounds under excessive tension
Authors: Comino Francesco , Pollock Patrick J. , Fulton Ian , Hewitt‐Dedman Charlotte , Handel Ian , Gorvy Dylan A.
Published: August 2023

Background

To achieve an excellent functional and cosmetic result, primary closure is preferred over leaving wounds to heal by secondary intention. However, traumatic wounds are often under excessive tension during wound closure and incorrect suture technique can compromise microcirculation, leading to skin necrosis and impaired wound healing.

Objective

To describe an inexpensive and effective tension relief technique that helps the successful primary closure of a variety of equine wounds at high risk of dehiscence.

Study design

Retrospective case series.

Methods

All wounds that were managed with the Tension Tile System (TTS) at four Equine Hospitals between March 2017 and May 2021 were evaluated. The wounds were classified according to various criteria including anatomical location, time elapsed prior to surgery, depth of wound and post‐surgical use of immobilisation. Outcome criteria were based on the success of primary intention healing. The duration of convalescence (weeks) after surgery was also recorded.

Results

During the study period, the TTS was used in 191/860 (22%) wounds repaired under general anaesthesia or standing sedation. Overall, primary intention healing (Group A) was achieved in 132 of 191 cases (69%, CI 62%–75%), with partial dehiscence (Group B) in a further 30/191 cases (16%, CI 11%–22%). Severe dehiscence (Group C) was recorded in 29/191 cases (15%, CI 11%–21%). The median convalescence time was 4 weeks (Range 3–15, interquartile range 4–6) in Group A.

Main limitations

Retrospective nature of the study and subjective outcome assessment. The technique was applied to wounds under significant tension; however, this was based on a subjective assessment by the surgeons involved.

Conclusions

The Tension Tile System is an economical and effective technique for challenging equine wounds under tension, in a variety of anatomical locations.
Empirical modeling of stress concentration factors using finite element analysis and artificial neural networks for the fatigue design of tubular KT‐joints under combined loading
Authors: Iqbal Mohsin , Karuppanan Saravanan , Perumal Veeradasan , Ovinis Mark , Nouman Hina
Published: August 2023

The hotspot stress (HSS) approach for the fatigue design of tubular joints requires that peak HSS be known. Peak HSS in tubular joints is usually determined based on the stress concentration factor (SCF) estimated from empirical models developed through extensive experimental investigations and finite element analysis. While peak HSS usually occurs at a KT‐joint's crown and saddle points, its location may change if the tubular joint is subjected to a combination of axial, in‐plane bending, or out‐of‐plane bending loads. This study investigated the peak HSS and its location in a typical KT‐joint subjected to the combined loading. Specifically, empirical models to determine the SCF around the brace axis have been developed using extensive finite element analysis and artificial neural networks (ANN) simulations. Less than 3% error was noticed between peak HSS determined through developed models and FEA. Hence, the ANN‐based SCF equations and principle of superposition can be used to calculate peak HSS rapidly for fatigue design of tubular joints. This methodology is applicable for developing empirical models for SCF in other tubular joints and boundary conditions.
Machine learning methods to predict the fatigue life of selectively laser melted Ti6Al4V components
Authors: Centola Alessio , Ciampaglia Alberto , Tridello Andrea , Paolino Davide Salvatore
Published: August 2023

The aim of the present paper is to predict the fatigue life of Selectively Laser Melted (SLMed) Ti6Al4V components via the process parameters, the thermal treatments, the surface treatments and the stress amplitude, adopting machine learning techniques to reduce the cost of further fatigue testing, and to deliver better predictive fatigue designs. The studies resulted in reliable algorithms capable of predicting trustful fatigue curves. The methods have been trained with experimental data available in the literature and validated on testing sets to assess the extrapolation limits and to compare the different methods. The behavior of the networks has also been mapped by varying one SLM process parameter at the time, highlighting how each one affects the life.
Composition‐dependent thermal and thermomechanical properties of spinel‐type MgAlON from density functional calculation
Authors: Ren Lu , Wang Hao , Tu Bingtian , Xu Pengyu , Wang Weimin , Fu Zhengyi
Published: August 2023

As ceramics based on magnesium aluminum oxynitrides solid solutions are promising materials as refractories, windows/armors, phosphors, and so forth, it is essential to explore their thermal and thermomechanical properties, owing to the physical requirements on application. In this study, Mg5xAl23−5xO27+5xN5−5x were chosen for the investigation on composition‐dependent thermal and thermomechanical properties by the theoretical calculations. Though the binary system with octahedral bonds contributes more to the thermal expansion coefficient of Mg5xAl23−5xO27+5xN5−5x, the binary system with tetrahedral bonds plays an important role in the variation of the thermal expansion coefficient. The change of heat capacity with the rise of x is mainly attributed to the variation of covalent character of Mg5xAl23−5xO27+5xN5−5x. Moreover, the thermal conductivity is mainly affected by the scattering from atoms in 8a sites. Both thermal and mechanical properties contribute to the variation of thermomechanical properties of Mg5xAl23−5xO27+5xN5−5x. This study can provide guidance to designing spinel materials with desirable thermal and thermomechanical properties for application.
Local and high‐strength joining of transparent glass and glass‐ceramics by femtosecond Bessel beam
Authors: Fedotov Sergey , Lipateva Tatiana , Lipatiev Alexey , Dymshits Olga , Lotarev Sergey , Sigaev Vladimir
Published: August 2023

The creation of robust joint among different materials with notably different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) is an urgent task for the development of the engineering, laser technology, and aerospace industry. In this regard, femtosecond laser welding is a promising technique for efficient adhesion‐free bonding of transparent materials. This paper reports on the laser welding of laser phosphate glass (CTE = 110 × 10−7 K−1) and spinel‐based glass–ceramic (CTE = 50 × 10−7 K−1) by the Bessel beam. Dependencies of weld geometric parameters on the pulse energy and scanning speed were investigated, and the laser exposure conditions were optimized for durable welding. The weld joints were tested on shear strength, which was shown to be as record high as up to 147 MPa. Atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and elemental analysis were used to investigate the structure and morphology of the weld after its fracture, which revealed the laser‐induced amorphization of glass–ceramics and the formation of strong interconnection by laser‐driven mutual diffusion of two glassy phases. The results demonstrate the prospects for using femtosecond lasers for efficient industrial welding of a wide range of materials.
In too deep? A systematic literature review of fully‐immersive virtual reality and cybersickness among older adults
Authors: Drazich Brittany F. , McPherson Rachel , Gorman Emily F. , Chan Thomas , Teleb Jejomar , Galik Elizabeth , Resnick Barbara
Published: August 2023

Background

Virtual reality technology holds great promise in improving the health and well‐being of older adults; however, this technology is associated with potential risks that may outweigh the benefits. The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize and critique the existing literature on fully‐immersive virtual reality interventions for older adults and the associated risk of cybersickness.

Methods

We searched eight databases for studies that utilized fully‐immersive virtual reality, stated the population as older adults, provided outcomes related to cybersickness, and were written or translated into the English language. Our search generated 332 articles, 39 of which were selected for inclusion in this systematic synthesis and appraisal.

Results

We found that the majority of studies utilized a one‐time session. The studies generally had weak sample generalizability and methodological design, but strong data collection and participant retention. The studies nearly all used the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire to measure cybersickness, but the scoring for the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire varied or was not mentioned. Most included studies reported only minor cybersickness among older adult participants.

Conclusion

Researchers might conclude that the benefits of virtual reality interventions outweigh the risk of cybersickness in this population. Going forward, researchers should concentrate on the efficacy of virtual reality interventions among older adults, using larger samples and randomized controlled study design, along with measuring dosage effects.
One‐year outcomes of deep brain stimulation in refractory Tourette syndrome
Authors: Lee Junghan , Chang Kyung Won , Jung Hyun Ho , Kim Dre , Chang Jin Woo , Song Dong‐Ho
Published: August 2023

Aim

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is one option for treating refractory Tourette syndrome (TS); however, it remains unclear which preoperative factors are predictive of DBS outcomes. This study investigated the efficacy of DBS targeting the anteromedial globus pallidus internus and evaluated predisposing factors affecting the outcomes of DBS in a single center in Korea.

Method

Twenty patients who had undergone DBS for refractory TS were reviewed retrospectively. Tic symptoms were followed up at 3‐month intervals for up to 1 year after surgery. The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale was used to evaluate preoperative/postoperative tic symptoms. Scores from the Yale‐Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Beck Depression Inventory‐II, and Beck Anxiety Inventory were also evaluated.

Results

Patients with refractory TS achieved improvement in tic symptoms within 1 year after DBS. Initial responders who achieved a 35% reduction in Yale Global Tic Severity Scale total score within the first 3 months after DBS showed larger treatment effects during 1‐year follow‐up. Although no clinical or demographic factors were predictive of initial responses, patients with serious self‐injurious behaviors tended to show delayed responses.

Conclusion

This is the first study to our knowledge to report the DBS outcomes of 20 patients with TS in a single center in Asia. Our study supports the efficacy of DBS targeting anteromedial globus pallidus internus in refractory TS with no evident serious adverse events. Initial responses after DBS seem to be a predictor of long‐term outcomes after surgery.
Gender differences in the association between physical frailty and life satisfaction among older adults in India
Authors: Pai Manacy , Muhammad T. , Das Sayani , Chaudhary Mamta , Srivastava Shobhit
Published: August 2023

Background

One of the sustainable development goals' (SDGs) primary goals (Goal 3) is to ensure healthy lives and promote well‐being for persons of all ages. While extensive literature documents the link between physical frailty and low life satisfaction (LLS) among older adults, research of this nature is limited within low and middle‐income countries including India. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between physical frailty and life satisfaction among community‐dwelling older men and women in India.

Methods

Data come from the 2017–18 wave 1 of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), with a sample of 30 390 individuals aged 60 and above (14 559 men and 15 831 women). Physical frailty was assessed using an adapted version of the frailty phenotype developed by Fried and colleagues. Ordered logistic regression models are employed to examine the association between physical frailty and life satisfaction.

Results

The prevalence of frailty was higher in older women than men (32.2% vs. 27.5%). Nearly 30.4% of men and 33.8% of women reported having LLS. However, after adjusting for the selected confounders, women were less likely (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.92; CI: 0.87–0.97) to report LLS compared to men. The physically frail older adults were more likely (aOR: 1.40; CI: 1.27–1.55) to report LLS relative to their physically stronger counterparts. Moreover, we found that frail older men had higher odds of reporting LLS than non‐frail older men (aOR: 1.25; CI: 1.09–1.43). Also, non‐frail older women had lower odds of reporting LLS than non‐frail older men (aOR: 0.80; CI: 0.67–0.95).

Conclusions

Findings of our study suggest that policies and programs to address later life well‐being need to consider gender differences. Doing so would not only help identify older adults most at risk of LLS, but gender differentiated policies would help streamline health expenditures and costs typically relegated to assist all older adults without proper focus on the uniqueness of their social location.
Enamel renal syndrome: A case report with calcifications in pulp, gingivae, dental follicle and kidneys
Authors: Khalifa Rabeb , Kammoun Rym , Mansour Lamia , Ben Alaya Touhami , Ghoul Sonia
Published: August 2023

Background

Enamel renal syndrome is a rare genetic disorder transmitted through an autosomal recessive mode. It is featured by a hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta, delayed tooth eruption, gingival fibromatosis, and nephrocalcinosis. The aim of this study was to describe clinically, radiologically, and histologically the main features of enamel renal syndrome and to point out the role of dentists in early diagnosing this genetic disease.

Materials and methods

Our case of enamel renal syndrome was initially described by clinical, radiographic, and genealogic data, then complemented by ultrasound examination of the kidneys and microscopic observation of gingivae.

Results

The study showed the presence of amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), several teeth impaction, gingival hyperplasia, bilateral nephrocalcinosis, and multiple calcifications in pulp, gingiva, dental follicle, and kidneys.

Conclusion

The patient was followed for a full mouth rehabilitation and also referred to a nephrology for global medical checkup. The dentist plays a key role in diagnosing genetic diseases and in referring patients for medical comprehensive care.
Spatial heterogeneity of soil organic carbon and soil nutrients and their controlling factors in a small watershed in Northeast China
Authors: Lixin Wang , Zhuoxin Chen , Mingming Guo , Shaoliang Zhang , Xingyi Zhang , Pengchong Zhou , Jinzhong Xu , Xin Liu , Jiarui Qi , Zhaokai Wan
Published: August 2023

Understanding the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil nutrients is crucial for optimizing land management in watersheds. This study explored the spatial distribution of SOC, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in topsoil (0–20 cm) at a hilly small watershed site in Northeast China, and identified the controlling factors. The Gaussian mixture model optimally described SOC and TN with the ratio of nugget to sill variance (C0/[C + C0]) indicating moderate spatial dependence for SOC (63.7%) and TN (59.3%). TP was best modelled by the spherical model and demonstrated weak spatial autocorrelation and strong human influence, with a nugget to sill variance of 0.841. Land use significantly affected SOC, TN and TP contents, with the highest values recorded in woodland, followed by farmland and shrubland. Soil properties including bulk density (BD), gravel content (GC), moisture content (MC), soil porosity (SP) and the mean weight diameter (MWD) of water‐stable aggregates significantly correlated with SOC and TN content, but not with TP. Redundancy analysis revealed that soil properties (BD, GC and SP), topography (slope and aspect) and gully erosion contributed 55.7%, 24.7% and 4.3% of the spatial variation in SOC, TN and TP, respectively. Hence, these are the dominant factors shaping the spatial variation of SOC and soil nutrients at the site. These results can aid the further development of optimized land management strategies.
Comparison of 4 point‐of‐care techniques to detect correct positioning of nasogastric tubes in dogs (2020–2021)
Authors: Ramesh Meera , Brooks Aimee C , Thomovsky Elizabeth , Johnson Paula , Fulkerson Carrie , Parnell Nollie , Weng Hsin‐Yi
Published: August 2023

Objective

To compare 4 point‐of‐care (POC) techniques to assess nasogastric (NG) tube placement versus radiographs as a reference standard. POC methods included air inflation with auscultation, fluid aspiration with pH measurement, ultrasonography, and capnography.

Design

Prospective observational study in hospitalized dogs between 2020 and 2021.

Setting

University teaching hospital.

Animals

Fifty‐one dogs requiring NG tube placement as part of their normal care.

Interventions

After standard blind NG tube placement, each POC method was performed following standardized instructions. All POC methods were scored as to whether the investigator believed the tube to be in the gastrointestinal tract (as indicated by positive auscultation of borborygmus during insufflation, positive fluid aspiration with pH ≤5, presence of hyperechoic shadow in the esophagus, or absence of capnographic waveform). Subsequently, radiographs were taken to determine NG tube position as a gold standard. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of each test as compared to 2‐view thoracic radiographs were determined.

Measurements and Main Results

Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for each POC technique were as follows: air auscultation (84.4%, 50.5%, and 80.4%, respectively), neck ultrasound (95.6%, 83.3%, and 94.1%, respectively), capnography (91.1%, 33.3%, and 84.3%, respectively), and fluid aspiration with pH measurement (22.2%, 100%, and 31.4%, respectively).

Conclusions

Among the 4 techniques evaluated, neck ultrasound had the best overall performance for assessing NG tube placement. Fluid aspiration with pH measurement might also have potential due to perfect specificity, but its clinical utility may be limited by low sensitivity and accuracy. Nonetheless, 2‐view thoracic radiography should still be considered the standard method for confirmation of NG tube placement as none of the 4 POC techniques investigated showed both high sensitivity and perfect specificity.
Retrospective evaluation of the incidence of presumed feline urethral obstruction during a prepandemic year compared to a pandemic year
Authors: Kerley Jessica B. , Tart Kelly M. , Rendahl Aaron , Powell Lisa L.
Published: August 2023

Objective

To investigate the influence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on the incidence of urethral obstruction (UO) in male cats.

Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

One veterinary university teaching hospital and 6 private practice veterinary specialty and emergency centers.

Animals

A total of 24,937 total feline cases presenting to the emergency room (ER) between March 2019 and March 2021.

Measurements and Main Results

Out of 24,937 total cases, 1793 male cats met the inclusion criteria for diagnosis of UO. Of those, 327 cases were identified in which an additional diagnosis of either urolithiasis or neoplasia was made and were therefore excluded. The remaining 1466 UO cases were presumed to be idiopathic urethral obstruction (iUO) caused by feline interstitial cystitis (FIC) alone. Of those, 637 cats presented during the prepandemic year and 829 cats presented during the pandemic year.

Key Findings

Incidence of presumptive iUO increased by 30% during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Total feline emergency caseload increased by 38%. iUO accounted for 6.08% and 5.73% of total feline emergency cases during the prepandemic and pandemic years, respectively.

Clinical Significance

The reported increase in incidence of feline UO is likely due to the increase in overall emergency feline caseload.
Facile Synthesis of Antimicrobial Aloe Vera for Cosmetic Application
Authors: Wan Azelee Nur Izyan , Mohd Sahal Selvaraja Nuraishah , Edis Zehra
Published: August 2023

People have always been interested in cosmetic products especially when it uses only natural substances that could act as antibacterial resistance such as Aloe Vera (AV) gel that could be easily extracted from aloe vera leaves. Although pure AV gel alone provides many cosmetic applications and benefits including anti-inflammatory effect, the efficiency for antimicrobial purposes of the pure AV gel is less compared to AV gel with an addition of bioactive substances. Normally, the ingredients made for cosmetic applications consist of non-organics or chemicals that could harm the human’s skin barrier. Thus, this study aims to analyse the antimicrobial properties of local AV and to optimize the antimicrobial properties of AV for the production of antimicrobial AV for cosmetic application. The AV leaves was harvested from a residential area in Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Then, the antimicrobial properties of AV were analysed by characterization of AV complex using a Scanning UV-Vis Spectrophotometry followed by the culturing with microbial strains of Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli used against AV mixture. AV was mixed with active ingredients such as Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Iodine (I2) and Sodium Iodide (NaI). The determination of antimicrobial properties was done by using two approaches of disc diffusion and zone inhibition. An image of chromatogram for pure AV, AV-PVP-I2, AV-PVP-NaI and AV-PVP-I2-NaI mixture after characterization and the diameter of zone inhibition were measured. The biggest inhibition zone can be seen for AV-PVP-I2 samples at a concentration of 50 ug/mL that tested against Staphylococcus Aureus gives a diameter of 21 mm. The smallest inhibition zone can be seen for AV-PVP-I2-NaI samples at a concentration of 25 ug/mL that tested against Escherichia Coli gives a diameter of 5.6 mm. The future prospect of antimicrobial AV research will widen the use of AV, improving the extraction method of AV and enhancing environment safety for product applications.
Una aproximación al estándar de revisión en el proceso civil chileno
Authors: Ezurmendia Álvarez Jesús
Published: August 2023

Este artículo presenta una primera aproximación hacia los estándares de revisión en el derecho del common law y su posibilidad de aplicación en el sistema procesal civil chileno, planteados como una medida o umbral de deferencia o respeto de las cortes de apelaciones respecto del contenido de las decisiones de los tribunales inferiores de cara a su posibilidad de revocación. En ese esfuerzo, se analiza la estructura, función y contenido de los estándares en el derecho de anglosajón, principalmente de Estados Unidos y se expresa la importancia que reconocer su existencia en el derecho procesal contemporáneo puede tener tanto para la configuración como para la operatividad de un sistema de justicia.
La estabilidad laboral reforzada por fuero de salud y la pandemia de la covid-19 en Colombia
Authors: Calderón Suta Sergio Hernán
Published: August 2023

El presente artículo de investigación, al utilizar una metodología de análisis documental, trata de exponer los desarrollos jurisprudenciales que se han dado por parte de la Corte Constitucional y Sala Laboral de la Corte Suprema de Justicia en relación con el derecho fundamental de estabilidad laboral u ocupacional reforzada. Lo anterior, con el propósito de estudiar casos de expedientes de tutela que fueron resueltos por jueces de instancia en el marco de la pandemia de la covid-19 y en los cuales los accionantes reclamaban la protección de este derecho. Finalmente se establecerá sí los fallos se ciñen a los criterios jurisprudenciales establecidos por las altas cortes.
Los límites creativos de las salas de Descongestión Laboral de la Sala de Casación Laboral de la Corte Suprema de Justicia
Authors: Muñoz Segura Ana María , Zúñiga Romero Marjorie
Published: August 2023

De acuerdo con la regulación de las salas de Descongestión de la Sala de Casación Laboral de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, estas tienen unas limitaciones en relación con el precedente judicial y la creación de jurisprudencia. Sin embargo, en el texto se plantean tensiones que esto puede generar desde el punto de vista del papel que desempeña el juez y de los temas que responden a obligaciones internacionales.
Las medidas cautelares en el derecho de la competencia: desarrollo en Colombia 1992-2022
Authors: Londoño de Vivero Daniel Eduardo
Published: August 2023

El derecho de la competencia busca la protección del libre mercado a través del establecimiento de normas que garanticen la libre competencia económica. Dentro de las herramientas con las que cuentan las autoridades de competencia en el mundo se encuentran los procesos administrativos sancionatorios en los que estas pueden decretar medidas cautelares con el propósito de realizar una intervención a priori para interrumpir la ejecución de conductas anticompetitivas.

El objetivo del presente artículo es definir y caracterizar las medidas cautelares en materia de competencia, partiendo de la revisión de su regulación legal en la Unión Europea, España, Francia y México, para luego focalizar el análisis en el desarrollo de estas en Colombia, desde su introducción en 1992 hasta 2022. Lo anterior, por medio del examen del régimen legal vigente y el estudio de los cinco casos en que la Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio ha decretado medidas cautelares en procesos de prácticas restrictivas de la competencia. Finalmente, se presentarán algunos retos que, a nivel normativo, deben ser revisados por el Congreso de la República.
Generative approach to research integrity
Authors: Thorp H. Holden
Published: August 2023

It’s been a bad few weeks for public perceptions of research integrity, as multiple cases at elite universities have received wide news coverage. Francesca Gino, a scientist at Harvard University, is in a legal dispute over whether data in newly retracted papers about dishonesty were manipulated; she is now suing Harvard and the researchers who surfaced the alleged problems. Likewise, Duke University is investigating published work by scientist Daniel Ariely. Johns Hopkins University may initiate an investigation of research misconduct by Nobel laureate Gregg Semenza. And most prominently, the president of Stanford University, Marc Tessier-Lavigne, recently resigned after the institution’s report determined that the “culture” in his laboratory contributed to manipulation of results.
Double dimensional reduction of M5-brane action in Sen formalism
Authors: Phonchantuek Anajak , Vanichchapongjaroen Pichet
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we present double dimensional reduction of the complete M5-brane action in the Sen formalism of self-dual form. Although in this formalism the gravity couples to the independent pseudo-$$2$$

2

-form and pseudo-$$3$$

3

-form fields in a non-standard and very complicated way, the double dimensional reduction on the complete action can be carried out. This is by dualising some components of the pseudo-$$2$$

2

-form field and integrating out the pseudo-$$3$$

3

-form field. We show explicitly that the double dimensional reduction on a circle gives rise to the complete D4-brane or the complete dual D4-brane action depending on what components of the pseudo-$$2$$

2

-form field are dualised. The duality between the D4-brane and dual D4-brane actions are realised in the viewpoint of the Sen formalism as the swapping of the roles of the components of the pseudo-$$2$$

2

-form field between those which are dualised and those which remain. We also make a brief outline on how to generalise this to the cases of dimensional reduction on some other spaces as well as how to understand the duality of reduced action from the viewpoint of the Sen formalism. An explicit example for dimensional reduction of the quadratic six-dimensional action on a torus is given and the realisation of its S-duality is also discussed.
Exploration of diffusion-thermo and thermo-diffusion on the nonlinear radiative heat flow of a conducting fluid over a permeable surface
Authors: Prakash Sharma Ram , Pattnaik P. K. , Mishra S. R. , Rao Allipudi Subba
Published: August 2023

The featured problem explores the impact of cross-diffusion on the two-dimensional electrically conducting flow of a viscous liquid over a nonlinearly stretching sheet through a permeable medium. An inclusion of radiative heat energizes the heat transport phenomenon whereas the solutal transfer enriches by the conjunction of the chemical reaction. To justify the behavior of electromagnetic radiation, the Rosseland approximation is used by considering nonlinear thermal radiation. Further, the convective boundary conditions also affect the flow properties. The approachable transformations are employed to get a suitable non-dimensional form of the governing equations for the formulated problem. Due to the complex nature of the distorted equations, the system of equations is solved using an in-built code bvp5c predefined in MATLAB. The computation is carried out for the involvement of the suitable values of contributing parameters on the flow characteristics and along with the simulations of the rate coefficients. Further, the assigned particular parameters present an outcome that validates with a good correlation. Finally, the important outcomes are — enhanced suction due to the permeability of the surface augments the fluid velocity whereas the trend is reversed in the case of injection. The augmentation in the fluid temperature is exhibited for the radiating heat but the reacting species attenuates the fluid concentration.
A Method of OSS Reliability Assessment Based on Public Repository Analysis
Authors: Miyamoto Shoichiro , Tamura Yoshinobu , Yamada Shigeru
Published: August 2023

Open Source Software (OSS) is developed by various developers. Moreover, OSS user is increasing all over the world. There are various methods to maintain the software. Large-scale OSS projects mainly use bug tracking system (BTS) for bug management. Recently, OSS project uses public software repository to publish software such as GitHub. Public software repository has a function to report software issue. In the past, several researchers have proposed reliability assessment method using BTS. In this research, we propose a reliability assessment method based on deep learning using software repository analysis.
Numerical Simulation Research and Application of Support Design of Broken Rock Mass in Submarine Gold Mine
Authors: Fan Yu-yun , Jiang Ming-wei , Cheng Li , Wang Xi , Liu Xing-quan , Wang Chunlong , Chen Kexu
Published: August 2023

In order to solve the problem that the broken rock mass is easy to collapse and fall during the excavation of a submarine gold mine, two kinds of bolt-mesh-concreting combined support schemes are designed by means of field engineering geological investigation, indoor rock mechanics test, rock mass quality classification, and theoretical analysis. We use the numerical simulation for verification and carry out the field industrial test. The results show that the stability grade of broken surrounding rock is III–IV; both schemes can effectively control the deformation and failure of surrounding rock. Compared with the unsupported scheme, the maximum roof displacement in the scheme using roadway roof and sidewall support is reduced by 26.9%, the maximum thickness of the roof plastic zone is reduced by 58.2%, and the volume of the surrounding rock plastic zone is reduced by 26.32%. The bolt-mesh-shotcrete support has good control effect on the loose deformation of surrounding rock, which can effectively prevent the roof collapse and sidewall spalling of roadway. The field industrial test of support scheme meets the stability control requirements of broken rock mass in mines, and the application effect is obvious. The research results presented in this study provide valuable technical guidance and essential insights for the design of support systems in other similar mining projects, contributing to the effective control and stability of broken rock masses during excavation.
Fabrication and Characterization of Partial Bio-nano-silica Inclusion in Fibre-Reinforced Concrete for High-performance Applications
Authors: Vivek D. , Aravind C. , Gokulkumar S. , Aravindh M. , Asres Yalew
Published: August 2023

Ultra-high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) is a specialized type of concrete (to create a very dense matrix) that is used for both new construction and renovation projects in order to improve the lifespan of structures. Researchers analyse and evaluate only the microstructure, porosity, and fresh and hardened concrete properties of UHPFRC but limited their exploration on the reduction of the mechanical properties of UHPFRC due to the presence of metallic particles and micro-fractures that occur during the generation of hydrogen. Hence, the present study aims to eliminate the existing problem by hybridization approach (mixing of bio-nano-silica (nS) and polypropylene) with different percentages to further improve the strength properties of UHPFRC. The result showed that the compressive strength is increased by 15.5% compared to traditional concrete due to the filling ratio of nS in the pores of the concrete; in addition, the fibre’s surface and roughness also contributed to the strength enhancement.