bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geriatric and team training for podiatric residents
Authors: Hoffman SB , Kaplan M
Published: April 2014

The authors discuss the Interdisciplinary Team Training in Geriatrics program developed by the Department of Veterans Affairs. At the James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, this program provides funding to podiatric residents, enabling them to work with practitioners from other health care disciplines as a team that addresses all of the varied health needs of the elderly patient.
Delayed repair in Achilles tendon rupture. A case report
Authors: Beckett DE
Published: April 2014

Rupture of the Achilles tendon is a significant injury. The management of this problem can be greatly complicated if there is a time delay between the injury and the patient seeking professional care. The author presents such a case and looks at the various philosophies relative to therapy.
Amyloidosis
Authors: Geistler PK , Canter KG , Staley NA
Published: April 2014

The authors present a review of amyloidosis and its classification and clinical presentations. They also discuss its diagnosis and treatment, and present a case of amyloid deposition in the plantar weightbearing aspects of the feet, which exemplifies the classic clinical findings.
Significance of capillary basement membrane changes in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Boyd RB , Burke JP , Atkin J , Thompson VW , Nugent JF
Published: April 2014

Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which the capillary basement membranes are substantially altered. This diabetic microangiopathy is characterized by a thickening of the basement membrane and changes in its permeability characteristic due to a disturbance in the production and distribution of its functional components. Glucose metabolism and insulin imbalance have been implicated in these basement membrane modifications. The authors describe normal capillary basement membrane architecture and then discuss how pathologic changes caused by diabetes mellitus are related to diabetic foot pathology.
Distal accessory phalanx of the foot. A case presentation
Authors: Gold AG , Katz M , Comerford JS
Published: April 2014

A rare case of an accessory phalanx is presented. It is hypothesized that this anomaly occurred because of an excessive cavitation in the embryonic mesenchyme of the second digit, resulting in an accessory bone and interphalangeal joint. The elongated digit caused jamming within the shoe, resulting in distal pain, a hammered digit, and associated atrophy of the distal aspect of the second toe.
Progressive congenital hypertrophy of the feet
Authors: Saunders N , Scheuller C
Published: April 2014

A case of progressive congenital hypertrophy of the feet was presented. From a diagnostic standpoint, this case was extremely challenging. Local gigantism was excluded from the diagnosis because the deformity was localized to both feet, with all components showing a concomitant increase in size. Furthermore, there was no evidence of neurofibromatosis or arteriovenous fistula formation. Other conditions leading to lower extremity hypertrophy, ie, Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome and other diseases associated with angiodystrophy, were excluded because of the absence of varicosities and cutaneous angiomas. There also was no evidence of an adrenal tumor or enchondromas. There was, however, a slight increase in the temperature of the left limb and an increase in the amount of vascular channels of the lower extremity, which may relate to an obscure form of angiodysplasia. Furthermore, the patient's mother took thalidomide during pregnancy, which has been shown to cause a large range of limb deformities. The authors believe that it is appropriate to classify this case as an idiopathic form of progressive congenital hypertrophy, localized to the feet of a 25-year-old Caucasian female. The goal of treatment is primarily two-fold. First, progressive narrowing of the forefoot should be obtained through closing wedge osteotomies. Second, multi-stage debulking of the muscle tissue should be performed, with associated skin reductions. The authors believe that this is the first reported case of bilateral muscular and bony hypertrophy of the feet, which was present at birth and continued to increase after the cessation of skeletal growth.
Vascular hamartoma. A case report
Authors: Petrov O , Zaremba JS
Published: April 2014

A case of a vascular hamartoma occurring in the plantar aspect of the foot is reported. Surgical excision of the mass was the treatment of choice, and the surgery was performed after appropriate diagnostic measures had been undertaken. A normal postoperative course ensued, and no recurrence has been reported.
Porokeratosis plantaris discreta. A misnomer
Authors: Yanklowitz B , Harkless L
Published: April 2014

Eighteen specimens from six patients with so-called porokeratosis plantaris discreta were studied with light and electron microscopy. The diagnosis was based on the classic descriptions by Taub and Steinberg. This study does not corroborate their findings. Based on this study and a review of recent literature, the use of the diagnostic term porokeratosis plantaris discreta should be discontinued.
Radiographic examination of Chinese foot binding
Authors: Mann RW , Sledzik PS , Owsley DW , Droulette MR
Published: April 2014

The authors present a radiographic case report of foot binding in a probable Chinese female. The radiographs, taken in 1948, are from an archival collection and represent severe, prolonged deformities of the left foot. Information supplied by a visiting anthropologist from Shanghai, China, adds to a knowledge and understanding of the custom of Chinese foot binding in both the past and the present.
Postsurgical rehabilitation exercises for hallux abducto valgus repair
Authors: Donnery J , DiBacco RD
Published: April 2014

The authors describe postsurgical exercises designed to maximize first metatarsophalangeal joint range of motion following the surgical correction of hallux abducto valgus deformities. Concerns regarding the healing of skin, tendon, and bone are discussed, and the need to individualize the exercise program based on the surgical procedures performed is emphasized. Use of these exercises in the postoperative management of hallux abducto valgus surgical repair is encouraged.
Modification of the Kalish osteotomy to correct the proximal articular set angle
Authors: Hill RS , Marek LJ
Published: April 2014

A preliminary report of a new bunion procedure is described. This new procedure provides a relative reduction of the intermetatarsal angle and corrects the proximal articular set angle, yet incorporates the principles of compressive rigid internal fixation. The procedure is best summarized as a combination of the Kalish modification of the Austin bunionectomy and the Green-Laird modification of the Reverdin bunionectomy.
Hepatitis. The forgotten disease
Authors: Wagner K , Taudte T , Liesen DT , Black JR
Published: April 2014

Hepatitis is a significant disease process for health care professionals. Because of the large number of procedures performed by podiatrists in the course of patient care, they are at particular risk. The variants of hepatitis are reviewed, and the modes of transmission are discussed. Recommendations are made on protective measures to reduce contraction of this disease.
Subcutaneous emphysema of the lower extremity. A case report
Authors: Udell JL , Julsrud ME
Published: April 2014

The case presented is a rare example of subcutaneous emphysema isolated to an extremity. This is a benign condition and should not be confused with necrotizing gas-producing infections. In most cases, the condition rapidly resolves without treatment, usually in less than 48 hr. In rare cases where the mechanical process causing the subcutaneous emphysema persists, interruption of this process is required.
Behavior of orthotic materials in chiropody
Authors: Rome K
Published: April 2014

The author provides insight into the functioning of materials used in shoe inserts. This study could be the basis for criteria with which to appraise materials that are in use today, and also to properly evaluate new materials before clinical trials.
Subchondral bone cysts of the phalanges
Authors: Lemont H , Visalli A
Published: April 2014

Subchondral phalangeal bone cysts frequently are encountered when reviewing foot x-rays. Radiologically, these lesions appear as a focus of subchondral radiolucency surrounded by a rim of sclerotic bone. Radiologic and histologic examinations demonstrate that these lesions are identical to the subchondral bone cysts associated with osteoarthritis of the hip and the more recently described cysts of the hallucal sesamoids and the head of the first metatarsal.
Research process. An overview
Authors: Gabel LL
Published: April 2014

It has been suggested that podiatric education, training, and practice too often are not well understood outside of the profession. If this is the case, a potential remedy is for more podiatric health professionals to publish work that has significance. Beginning with this article and continuing through a total of six articles, the research process is used as a paradigm for enhancing podiatric literature in the future.
Chronic tophaceous gout. A case report
Authors: Graefen TA , Stern J , Joyce M , Sion A
Published: April 2014

A review of gout is presented, followed by a discussion of the current medical literature on diagnosis, differential diagnosis, staging, and treatment. Chronic tophaceous gout is not as prevalent as it once was because of early diagnosis and treatment, but it is still encountered in the podiatric practice. A severe case of chronic tophaceous gout is presented. The patient was successfully treated by surgical intervention. Although surgery may be avoided in most cases, it is indicated when intractable pain, loss of motion, and massive joint destruction are present.
Treatment of onychomycosis with nail avulsion and topical ketoconazole
Authors: Hettinger DF , Valinsky MS
Published: April 2014

A new, effective treatment alternative for onychomycosis is presented. It involves the avulsion of the affected toenails and daily application of topical ketoconazole cream. It is an ideal procedure when few nails are involved or when the patient is not a candidate for oral systemic therapy. The authors provide a brief review of past treatment methods, the medication itself, and details of the treatment course.
Guillain-Barr√© syndrome during childhood
Authors: Lieberman R , Wolff TW
Published: April 2014

Guillain-Barr√© syndrome is an acquired disease of the peripheral nervous system. The etiology appears to be autoimmune in nature. The major clinical features are progressive weakness and loss of reflexes, with respiratory failure being a serious complication. The prognosis for Guillain-Barr√© syndrome in children is good with proper intensive care and early detection of the disease.
Transmetatarsal amputation. A literature review and case study
Authors: Lynch T , Kanat IO
Published: April 2014

The effect of diabetes on the lower extremity can be devastating. Surgical intervention on the diabetic foot must be carefully planned, and long-term results must be anticipated. The authors present a case history of a patient with multiple previous amputations of the forefoot, resulting in a severe deformity and a nonfunctional foot. Transmetatarsal amputation, if performed correctly, should provide a relatively functional extremity.
Quantifying magnification in pedal radiographs
Authors: Camasta CA , Pontious J , Boyd RB
Published: April 2014

Morphometric comparison between metatarsals on pedal radiographs and preserved bone specimens provides a method to quantify the amount of magnification imparted on a radiographic image. Conversion factors are presented for dorsoplantar and lateral projection images, which are of value in the preoperative assessment of patients. Factors that influence radiographic quality are discussed, with an emphasis on the geometry of projecting an accurate image.
Congenital cleft foot deformity (split foot or lobster claw)
Authors: Mason WH
Published: April 2014

A case of congenital cleft foot deformity, also known as lobster claw or split foot, is presented. The condition is rare. A review of the literature reveals that this deformity will often coexist as part of a constellation of congenital and familial abnormalities. Surgical correction of the cleft foot is difficult and often deferred.
Lower extremity cycling biomechanics. A review and theoretical discussion
Authors: O'Brien T
Published: April 2014

An updated review of cycling biomechanics of the lower extremity is presented. Special attention is directed toward the known data pertaining to foot function. A theoretical discussion on foot function during cycling and its possible link to knee injury is also presented. It is suggested that supinatory and pronatory moments applied to the foot during cycling result in referral of adverse forces to the knee.
Management of keloids and hypertrophic scars
Authors: Tritto M , Kanat IO
Published: April 2014

Keloids and hypertrophic scars may complicate elective foot surgery. Differentiation between these two entities is important before treatment is contemplated. The authors review current theories on the etiology of these lesions and outline various treatment options.
Hallux hammer toe secondary to pseudomonas osteomyelitis
Authors: Lavery LA , Haase K , Krych SM
Published: April 2014

The authors present two cases of resultant hallux hammer toe secondary to the definitive treatment of hallux sesamoidal osteomyelitis. Pseudomonas osteomyelitis developed in both cases following puncture wounds to the first metatarsophalangeal joint complex. The authors also review the literature on pseudomonas osteomyelitis secondary to puncture wounds and the development of hallux hammer toe after removal of the involved sesamoid bones.
Idiopathic diabetic bullosum. A case report
Authors: Hofbauer MH , Puleo D
Published: April 2014

The authors describe a case in which an 88-year-old black male with a long-standing history of diabetes, blindness, and dialysis therapy presented with idiopathic diabetic bullosum of the left foot distal extremities. The lesions usually are intraepidermal and resolve spontaneously over a period of weeks with no resulting scar formation. The lesions are highly recurrent. In this specific case, the long healing time may be attributed to the age of the patient as well as the decrease in immune and systemic response to injury, weakened by dialysis therapy and his poor arterial status.
Hydrocolloid occlusion for the treatment of neurovascular corns
Authors: Petersen LJ , Beck J , Reumert LN , Steensgaard J
Published: April 2014

The goal of this study was to determine the effect of hydrocolloid occlusion on neurovascular corns. The design was an observer-blinded, randomized, controlled study. Thirty consecutive patients participated in the trial. The patients received curettage alone or curettage with hydrocolloid occlusion. Six treatments were given over 12 weeks. A follow-up examination was performed 3 months after termination of the trial. Outcome measures were the size of the corns, a discomfort score, and an overall judgment of the trial. The results demonstrated no benefit of occlusion for symptoms or signs of neurovascular corns. The patients treated with occlusion were, however, generally more satisfied than the conventional group.
Evaluation of recurrent macrodactyly with three-dimensional imaging
Authors: McDonald JF , Pruzansky JD , Meltzer RM
Published: April 2014

Macrodactyly is a deformity that may progress beyond initial surgical resection. Three-dimensional computed tomography imaging may aid in the surgical planning, given the osseous irregularities that may exist. The objective in revisional surgery of this type is to provide the most functional and cosmetic result. In this case, the hallux was saved when the patient previously had requested an amputation. The case also illustrates that when earlier surgery has been performed, the classic approaches to macrodactyly advocated in the literature may not be feasible. The surgeon must then approach the deformity with some flexibility, and three-dimensional imaging may be a useful tool.
Recombinant alpha-interferon and verruca plantaris. A review of the literature
Authors: Johnson RE , Johnson JC , Kloberdanz SJ , Morrill MJ
Published: April 2014

The authors review the literature and report the mechanisms of action, chemical properties, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, and clinical studies of recombinant alpha-interferon. The authors believe that clinical trials should be performed with recombinant alpha-interferon therapy on verruca plantaris to prove or disprove the effectiveness of interferon as a potential treatment modality for these commonly encountered lesions.
Cubonavicular coalition
Authors: Palladino SJ , Schiller L , Johnson JD
Published: April 2014

The cubonavicular coalition is a rare form of tarsal coalition that probably accounts for less than 1% of all coalitions. The authors present a new case of cubonavicular coalition as well as the findings of the 17 previously published accounts. Etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of the condition are discussed.
Treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy with capsaicin 0.075%
Authors: Scheffler NM , Sheitel PL , Lipton MN
Published: April 2014

An 8-week, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of topical capsaicin 0.075% cream in relieving pain associated with diabetic neuropathy. Patients were selected who experienced moderate to very severe pain, which interfered with sleep or activities on a daily basis, and who were unresponsive or intolerant to conventional therapy. The results after 8 weeks showed a statistically significant difference in favor of the capsaicin-treated patients, with 90% of these patients improved. The results of this study indicate that topical capsaicin 0.075% cream is safe and effective in managing painful diabetic neuropathy.
Electron microscopy of changes in lower extremity muscles in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Atkin J , Thompson VW , Boyd RB
Published: April 2014

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic disease with a sex-linked pattern of inheritance. This disease is present at birth, becomes symptomatic during early childhood, leads to inability to walk near the end of the first decade, and usually results in death by the end of the second decade. In this study, the extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles from genetically dystrophic mice were examined at the electron microscopic level. The authors describe their results and discuss how these findings might provide some insight into one of the mechanisms of fiber necrosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
The myth of running limb varus
Authors: Tristant S , Blake RL
Published: April 2014

Even though the authors believe that there are many flaws in treadmill-based video analysis, they do believe that this study shows that running limb varus is not as important a concept as previously discussed by many authors. The FootTrak system is the first system available to give biomechanical researchers the ability to document the tibia-to-vertical angle with computerized digitation. The clinician with a knowledge of biomechanics understands that functional orthotic devices are more effective on primary calcaneal motions and positions than motions and positions produced by extrinsic tibial, knee, or hip factors. Thus, functional foot orthoses tend to work better in controlling varus during running that is produced by the calcaneus, rather than the tibia.
The clinical anatomy of tendons
Authors: Dykyj D , Jules KT
Published: April 2014

The main features of tendon anatomy are described. From the clinical viewpoint, the most significant are those relating to connective tissue layers surrounding tendons: the paratenon and the synovial (tendon) sheath, and the sources and sites of blood supply. These aspects of tendon anatomy are interactive in the healing process, which requires continuation of blood supply into the tendon while avoiding functionally inhibiting adhesions in the connective tissue. Surgical methods of tendon repair and techniques for achieving successful postoperative results are reviewed.
Guidelines for reconstructing the metatarsal parabola with the shortening osteotomy
Authors: Valley BA , Reese HW
Published: April 2014

Lesser metatarsal pathology is difficult to treat surgically. The shortening osteotomy has shown promise as a useful technique. The following objectives are addressed in this study: 1) to discuss present techniques and two new radiographic measurement systems; 2) to establish mean, standard deviation, and normal range values for these measurement systems; 3) to determine if these measurements vary with foot size; and 4) to use the results to establish general guidelines for metatarsal parabola reconstruction. Means and normal ranges for the various radiographic measurements are identified to help the surgeon with preoperative evaluation and planning. The measurements vary mildly with foot size.
Isolated posterior fibular malleolar fracture. Case report and literature review
Authors: Wolf EW , Lango S , Fittanto FC
Published: April 2014

The authors describe a case involving an isolated posterior fibular malleolar fracture in an 80-year-old female, which was identified on multiple lateral radiographs of the involved ankle and confirmed by computed tomography. The patient was treated conservatively with 10 weeks of walking cast immobilization, resulting in poorly acceptable radiographic and clinical results. The authors review the anatomy of the area of involvement. A literature review, the clinical case study, and a discussion of the difficulty in evaluation of these types of fibular fractures are presented along with a protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of these fractures.
Split-thickness skin graft of a pedal oil burn in an adolescent female
Authors: Leen ME , Feldman M , Schoenberger S , Chae KC
Published: April 2014

Split-thickness skin grafting of the foot following a burn injury provides excellent coverage to promote early rehabilitation and to facilitate healing. When compared to a more slowly healing, cosmetically unacceptable secondary granulation process, grafting is especially important for the young, active patient for whom hospitalization and immobilization are difficult to maintain. Cosmetic results are also a great concern, especially in the female sector of this age group. The case presentation shows grafting as a successful means of treatment in consideration of these primary goals.
Madura foot. A case presentation
Authors: Ching BY , Maraczi G , Urbina D
Published: April 2014

In this case presentation, the diagnosis was based solely on the histopathologic examination of tissue taken at the time of the first surgery. Subsequent cultures did not reveal any growth of organisms that would cause Madura foot. The patient must be monitored periodically, for it is rare that such an infection is cured with surgery other than amputation.
An electrodynographic study of foot function in shoes of varying heel heights
Authors: Gastwirth BW , O'Brien TD , Nelson RM , Manger DC , Kindig SA
Published: April 2014

Forty-three female test subjects had electrodynographic gait analysis performed in barefoot, low-heel shoe, and high-heel shoe conditions. Comparisons of segmental foot function, actual pressures, and pressure durations were determined. The findings suggest that an increased duration of forefoot loading, rather than an increased actual pressure, is responsible for pedal pathology secondary to wearing high-heel shoes. Contrary to previous reports in the literature, evidence of abnormal pronation in high heels was not found in this study.
Tricorrectional bunionectomy for surgical repair of juvenile hallux valgus
Authors: Selner AJ , Selner MD , Tucker RA , Eirich G
Published: April 2014

The authors propose the use of the tricorrectional bunionectomy as an alternate correction of severe deformity in juvenile hallux valgus. In the past, hallux valgus surgery in juveniles has been avoided. A follow-up study of the tricorrectional bunionectomy as the surgical treatment for juvenile bunion deformity in seven patients is presented.
Postaxial polydactyly. A case report
Authors: Peltz R , Frost RA
Published: April 2014

Polydactyly is a fairly common congenital foot deformity. Treatment may include simple shoe modification or surgical intervention. Careful preoperative planning must be undertaken with each patient because of the uniqueness of each individual case. A case of type A postaxial polydactyly was presented with a brief review of classification, etiology, and treatment.
Osteomyelitis of the distal phalanx following trauma to the nail. A case report
Authors: Fox IM
Published: April 2014

A case in which inadequate treatment of a nail plate injury resulted in chronic osteomyelitis has been described. Because of its distinct anatomy, trauma to the nail and its associated structures should not be summarily dismissed as an innocuous injury but should be thoroughly examined for phalangeal fracture and laceration of the nail bed.
The residency in podiatric medicine. A brief historical overview
Authors: Levrio J
Published: April 2014

The author provides a general overview of the development of postgraduate residency training in podiatric medicine since 1956. The evolution of residency standards and requirements of the Council on Podiatric Medical Education are discussed. Integration of specialty organizations in the residency evaluation process also are reviewed. The author notes that the current positive number of entry level residency positions available to graduates of colleges of podiatric medicine may be a dubious facade in view of increasing college enrollments and the potential conversion of rotating podiatric residencies to residencies in primary podiatric medicine. He cautions the profession not to overlook these events as it considers the development of the PGY-1 concept in the restructuring of entry level residency training.
Postgraduate podiatric medical educational resources in the Department of Veterans Affairs
Authors: Sage RA
Published: April 2014

The existing podiatric medical residencies in the Department of Veterans Affairs are reviewed. The suitability of these residencies to fill a potential need for entry level programs is discussed. The financial implications of providing such training are reviewed and a plan for implementation is presented. Ninety-eight rotating podiatric residency positions currently available in Department of Veterans Affairs hospitals are prime candidates to serve as entry level PGY-1 positions. Assurances will need to be given that implementation of the PGY-1 concept must serve the best interests of the veteran patient population, and that funds will need to be allocated to pay faculty salaries and resident stipends. Congressional review of student loan forbearance policies affecting podiatric medical residents is also needed.
Metatarsus adductus and selected radiographic measurements of the first ray in normal feet
Authors: Griffiths TA , Palladino SJ
Published: April 2014

Radiographic evaluation of hallux abducto valgus frequently involves the measurement of the metatarsus adductus angle, first-second intermetatarsal angle, hallux abductus angle, and proximal articular set angle. While the concept that there is a relationship between untreated metatarsus adductus and hallux abducto valgus deformity is not new, a quantifiable relationship between the metatarsus adductus angle and intermetatarsal angle, hallux abductus angle, and the proximal articular set angle in normal feet is relatively undocumented. The purpose of this study is to document relationships between the metatarsus adductus angle and the other three measurements, and to establish normal values for the intermetatarsal angle, hallux abductus angle, and proximal articular set angle within metatarsus adductus angle subgroups.
First and second metatarsophalangeal joint dislocation. A case report
Authors: Gentless J , Joshi P , Caselli M , Giorgini R
Published: April 2014

A case of dislocated first and second metatarsophalangeal joints was reported along with the mechanics and mechanism of injury. The practitioner must be familiar with the mechanism of injury and radiographic classification to determine the proper indications for closed versus open reduction. The authors' review of the literature did not reveal a similar case involving a dislocation of the first and second metatarsophalangeal joints.
Sublesional administration of corticosteroids. A new technique with broad applications in podiatry. 1961
Authors: Prentice H
Published: April 2014

Triamcinolone was administered sublesionally to 48 patients with various dermatoses of the legs and feet. Results were satisfactory in 94 percent of those treated. Gratifying results were obtained in patients who had suffered from intractable psoriasis of many years' duration, great cosmetic and psychological improvement being noted in these individuals. Side effects consisted mainly of atrophy, which was of insignificant consequence in almost all instances. This administration, performed as directed, is recommended for a great number of skin disorders commonly encountered in podiatry.
Hallux abductus interphalangeus. Etiology, x-ray evaluation and treatment. 1975
Authors: Sorto LA , Balding MG , Weil LS , Smith SD
Published: April 2014

This paper discusses the normal adult values of the fibular deviation of the distal phalanx of the great toe. Occurrence of this deviation at birth is a normal finding and an increase can be expected during periods of active growth within the foot. This developmental increase is dependent upon transverse plane stability at the metatarsophalangeal joint. Preoperative procedures and postoperative reviews are discussed.
Leriche's syndrome
Authors: Julsrud ME
Published: April 2014

Leriche's syndrome will be seen by the podiatric physician, and it can be misinterpreted as pain secondary to mechanical etiology. Often, symptoms of buttock or thigh pain occurring during walking resemble those seen with symptomatic pronation, so this disease entity must be ruled out.
Modification of the crescentic osteotomy for hallux valgus correction. A preliminary report
Authors: Daly N
Published: April 2014

A new proximal osteotomy for hallux valgus correction, which has several advantages, is presented. These advantages include good stability; ease of rigid, two-point internal fixation; accurate, reproducible correction of the intermetatarsal angle; minimal shortening or elevation of the metatarsal; and early weightbearing. Preliminary results on 12 feet of 12 patients over a 3-year period have been encouraging and may indicate that this osteotomy is a viable alternative when considering proximal osteotomy for correction of hallux valgus.
Shaping a life-style of independence. Abilities, aging, and environmental design
Authors: Hiatt LG
Published: April 2014

What makes our own aging so interesting and predictions about normative aging profiles so difficult is that there are many different capacities that may be altered. The composite pattern of strengths and needs and of the degree of need has yet to be described. This makes predictions about what people can or could do difficult. Each individual represents a mosaic of capacity and loss resulting from the impact of capacities such as vision, hearing, response time, posture, gait, energy level, and even recall and the demands placed upon them by their individual circumstances, life-styles, and environments. A person with major memory loss and tremendous energy may be different from one who experiences slight losses in vision, hearing, mobility, agility, and a crystal clear memory. Their behavioral changes may be more evident in strange environments than in familiar ones. This mosaic of capabilities and needs makes traditional interventions that are focused on a singular disability or major diagnostic conditions difficult. Traditional rehabilitation methods need to be adapted to grapple with the diversity of older people functioning in a community. Adaptations in our understanding of people, activities, and environments will put us in a better position to facilitate the normal interactions of older people in senior centers and, importantly, in public intergenerational settings. Older people have not been well served by services, programs, and legislation that have focused on single disabilities or devices.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Curriculum at the Scholl College. Toward mainstream medical education
Authors: Becker JH
Published: April 2014

The Dr. William M. Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine in Chicago recently affiliated with a teaching hospital, the Illinois Masonic Medical Center, and used this alliance as a catalyst to effect a change in the clinical curriculum. The affiliation set up a joint venture to operate two clinics, one on Scholl College's traditional campus and one at the teaching hospital. At the hospital site, Scholl College students rotate through clinical externships in areas such as internal medicine, emergency medicine, and podiatric elective; podiatric and general medical residents assist in the tutelage of the students. At the Scholl College campus, beginning clinical students learn basic skills in a teaching clinic, then refine and further their skills in a comprehensive clinic under the guidance of faculty members. The faculty and administration at Scholl College have embraced the concept of mainstream medical education, and are striving to prepare podiatric physicians to practice 21st century medicine.
Postoperative physical therapy for podiatric surgery
Authors: Saxena A , O'Brien T
Published: April 2014

The authors discuss several rehabilitation protocols for different surgical procedures on the foot. These are designed to be used as a reference for the podiatrist and therapist. In addition, various modalities are highlighted to familiarize the practitioner with their uses. Physical therapy can aid in decreasing the recovery period from foot surgery, which is particularly advantageous for the athlete.
Hereditary symphalangism with associated tarsal synostosis and hypophalangism
Authors: Castle JE , Bass S , Kanat IO
Published: April 2014

Symphalangism is a rare genetic condition that may represent the earliest documentation of mendelian inheritance in man. The disorder results in interphalangeal joint fusion in the hands and feet. The authors review this rare condition and present a case study consisting of four generations with 15 affected family members. The association of multiple tarsal synostosis and the previously unreported associated occurrence of pedal hypophalangism in this pedigree is presented.
Anatomical basis for congenital deformities of the lower extremities. Part I. The hip and thigh
Authors: McCarthy DJ , Gessner R
Published: April 2014

Congenital deformities frequently produce problems not always discernible at birth. Often, a period of time is required for the development of signs and symptoms. The present discussion presents the intrauterine anatomy of a midterm fetus relative to conditions of the hip and thigh. Cryomicrotomy is used in this study to present the best anatomical evidence of the morphology involved.
Stress analysis of a flexible one-piece type first metatarsophalangeal joint implant
Authors: Lewis G , Alva P
Published: April 2014

Two-dimensional finite element analysis was used to obtain the magnitude and distribution of the stresses in models of two different designs of a flexible one-piece double-stemmed first metatarsophalangeal joint implant. The loading and constraint conditions have been reported by previous researchers to occur in vivo at the joint during the push-off phase of the normal walking cycle. Based on the results obtained, the authors recommend the direction that future studies in this area should take.
1993 William J. Stickel Silver Award. Anatomical considerations of the peroneal tubercle
Authors: Ruiz JR , Christman RA , Hillstrom HJ
Published: April 2014

Gross discrepancy and error regarding the identification and location of the peroneal tubercle have been found in the literature. Furthermore, the authors found no evidence of a repeatable measurement technique in applicable descriptions of this osteologic landmark. In accordance with interrater reliability procedures, the authors established repeatability of peroneal tubercle measurements. In conjunction with the instrumentation's accuracy and resolution, the investigators infer reliability for these measurements. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the only one in which interrater reliability was established for the morphometric assessment of the peroneal tubercle and the retrotrochlear eminence. The results also reestablish the correct anatomical presentation of the retrotrochlear eminence and the peroneal tubercle along the lateral surface of the calcaneus.
Comparison of the effectiveness of nail dust extractors
Authors: Harvey CK
Published: April 2014

Electrical debridement of nails results in hazardous airborne particles. This study compares the effectiveness of several nail dust extractors in reducing the amount of this debris. All extractors were more effective than the control, with a minimum of 24.6% effectiveness to a maximum of 91.6%.
Hematogenous osteomyelitis of the calcaneus
Authors: Fox IM , Aponte JM
Published: April 2014

A case report of hematogenous calcaneal osteomyelitis has been presented along with a brief review. Hematogenous osteomyelitis of the foot is an uncommon but potentially devastating disease that can result in severe long-term sequelae. An index of suspicion in cases such as these can help the physician prevent unnecessary delay in treatment. In pediatric hematogenous osteomyelitis, oral antibiotics can often be sufficient for long-term therapy, provided sufficient surgical decompression is performed.
Surgical revision of the problematic transmetatarsal amputation
Authors: Rosenblum BI , Freeman DV
Published: April 2014

Recurrent ulcerations may develop following transmetatarsal amputation in patients with diabetes mellitus. In many cases, these ulcerations require surgical intervention to achieve healing, especially in situations where conservative care has not been effective. These procedures range from the local resection of bone to skin grafting and flap techniques to successfully heal the wound. The ultimate goal of any surgical intervention is to prevent a more proximal amputation.
Anatomical basis for congenital deformities of the lower extremities. Part II. The knee and leg
Authors: McCarthy DJ
Published: April 2014

The congenital etiology of many malformations of the lower extremities is undisputed. This study uses cryomicrotomy of the knees and legs of midterm fetuses to establish the best anatomical representations of lower extremity parts, as they are developing, in a partially microscopic form. Adequate treatment plans of congenital defects require a knowledge of the normal status of development, and this investigation provides these data in a unique way. A comprehensive review of current therapeutic philosophies is related to morphology, which is discussed in light of the various congenital abnormalities of the knee and leg.
Pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Ward KA , Dellacorte MP , Grisafi PJ
Published: April 2014

Angiopathy, immunopathy, and neuropathy are the key components responsible for diabetic foot complications. The authors report on the current theories of metabolic and structural causes of diabetic neuropathy.
Diffuse type tenosynovial giant cell tumor of the ankle
Authors: Horvath RR , Bostanche J , Altman MI
Published: April 2014

The case presented was of a tenosynovial giant cell tumor, diffuse type. The lesion had an apparent communication with the talonavicular joint, as well as a possible communication with the ankle joint. The inevitable morbidity, as well as the lack of an intraoperative definitive diagnosis, prevented a more radical excision of the lesion. The apparent association with a joint will predilect the patient to a higher rate of recurrence but not, however, to a malignant degeneration.
Rheumatoid arthritic foot. Two manifestations with case studies
Authors: Patton JP , Murdoch DP , Lindsey J , Young G
Published: April 2014

The authors review rheumatoid arthritis with focus on two pedal manifestations, rheumatoid nodules and digital deformities. The prevalence, presentation, and diagnostic features concerning these entities are discussed, and three case studies are presented.
Creative medical teaching. Commitment to becoming the best
Authors: Whitman N
Published: April 2014

The limits of exciting and fruitful medical teaching exist only in the mind of the teacher. Whether the instructor is in a classroom lecturing, in a small group experience, or in a clinical setting, teaching can be made both interesting and informative if the educator is willing to plan the encounter so that both teacher and student may come away feeling fulfilled.
Problem-based student-directed learning in medicine
Authors: Coulson RL , Feltovich PJ
Published: April 2014

Since World War II, there has been an explosion of medical facts and knowledge. It is almost impossible for a medical student to memorize and retain all there is to know. Even if he or she could, the data base is constantly changing, and new knowledge is being discovered. It is the responsibility of the physician to remain current, even though there are no daily lectures. Problem-based student-directed learning offers the student a different context within which to learn and lays the foundation for becoming a lifelong independent learner.
Community partnership model for health professions education
Authors: Henry RC
Published: April 2014

Many health professions schools have neglected the US population's health by emphasizing acutely ill patients in hospitals, biomedical research of disease, and high technology. Because most students will eventually fill practitioner roles in primary and secondary care, it is logical that the health professions must shift their curricula's focus to prepare practitioners for the health care needs of the community. The Community Partnership Model is one approach that focuses on public health care needs by educating students in multiprofessional teams in a new organizational structure known as the academic, community-based, primary health care center. This partnership between academic institutions and communities is designed to shift the educational and socializing activities of health professions training outside hospitals to the community setting where research, teaching, and service take place in one structure.
Evaluating professional competence
Authors: McGaghie WC
Published: April 2014

Professional competence evaluation should involve attention to its intellectual and social context, and not just worry about technical fine points. The author frames professional competence evaluation broadly, containing sections on social issues, conceptual problems, and technical matters. The author uses illustrations from podiatric medicine and from other professions that have similar concerns about the evaluation of practitioner competence. Several suggestions are given for improving evaluating practices.
Assessment of practice readiness through PMLexis
Authors: Harrison PC , Park PI , Gibley CW
Published: April 2014

Attempts are being made to unify state licensing examinations through the efforts of the National Board of Podiatric Medical Examiners and LGR Examinations of State College, PA. This company has revised the Virginia examination and increased its validity and reliability. A history and a description of the examination are given.
Antimicrobial therapy of skin and soft tissue infection in children
Authors: Brook I
Published: April 2014

Skin and soft tissue infection and cutaneous abscesses are common in children. They may be polymicrobial in nature, especially when located proximal to mucous membranes. A general knowledge of the common causative bacterial organisms in these infections enables the physician to empirically institute antimicrobial therapy before culture results are available. This review assesses the number and types of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that occur in skin and soft tissue infections in children. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes were recovered from infections occurring at all body sites, but predominated in infections of the leg, neck, and hand. Group D streptococci, Enterobacteriaceae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Bacteroides fragilis, and Prevotella species were isolated mostly from infections of the external genitalia and perirectal areas; pigmented Prevotella and Porphyromonas and Haemophilus influenzae can be isolated from infections of the head and neck. Management of skin and soft tissue infections in children should include surgical and medical therapy.
Fibromyalgia. Part II. Prevalence in the podiatric patient population
Authors: Harvey CK
Published: April 2014

This study was designed to determine the prevalence of fibromyalgia in the podiatric patient population. A total of 355 consecutive patients in a podiatric outpatient clinic were evaluated to determine whether they met the criteria for this condition. Eight of the 355 patients were diagnosed with the condition. Thirty-five of 355 patients presented with plantar heel or arch pain. Seven of these 35 patients satisfied the criteria for fibromyalgia. This small study indicates that fibromyalgia may be more prevalent in podiatric patients than previously realized and must be considered in patients presenting with foot pain, especially if that pain is in the area of the plantar aspect of the heel or arch.
Acute radiodermatitis following radiotherapy for classic Kaposi's sarcoma
Authors: Kissel CG , Mistretta RP
Published: April 2014

There is a high incidence of radiation toxicity associated with Kaposi's sarcoma. The authors review acute radiodermatitis and present a case where it occurred in the foot following radiotherapy for classic Kaposi's sarcoma.
Effect of extrinsic rearfoot posts on rearfoot position
Authors: Blake RL , Ferguson HJ
Published: April 2014

Twenty runners displaying abnormal subtalar joint pronation were selected for this study, the purpose of which was to investigate the effects of extrinsic rearfoot posted orthoses on frontal plane rearfoot and tibial position. Numerous temporal events were measured and compared for three different conditions: acrylic post, Birko post, and no post. The results suggested that rearfoot posts have a somewhat limited function in foot orthotic therapy and that the choice of posting material is of limited functional value.
Subcutaneous alternariosis of the foot in a patient on corticosteroids
Authors: Richardson AA , Agger WA , Ringstrom JB , Kemnitz MJ
Published: April 2014

To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of alternariosis involving the subcutaneous tissues of the foot. Podiatrists are likely to see more of this condition and other unusual fungi causing deep foot infections in the future because of the increasing population of immunocompromised patients.
Orthoses for athletic overuse injuries. Comparison of two component materials
Authors: Richie DH , Olson WR
Published: April 2014

Forty recreational and professional athletes were followed in this prospective study comparing the acceptability and effectiveness of two orthotic component materials commonly used in sports medicine. TL-2100 SF (semiflexible) was compared to 4.0-mm thick polypropylene in six different subjective categories. The subjects were able to perceive a significant difference in favor of TL-2100 SF in the categories of weight, resilience and springiness, and overall comfort of the orthosis. The subjects were also able to perceive physical differences between these two component materials, which had previously been confirmed in laboratory studies.