bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electron‐Driven Nitration of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Authors: Patra Subrata , Mosiagin Ivan , Giri Rahul , Nauser Thomas , Katayev Dmitry
Published: April 2023

Herein, we introduce an electrochemically assisted generation of nitryl radicals from ferric nitrate under mild reaction conditions using a simple setup with inexpensive graphite and stainless‐steel electrodes. The mechanism of the reaction is supported by detailed spectroscopic and experimental studies. Powered by electricity and driven by electrons, the synthetic diversity of this reaction has been demonstrated through the development of highly efficient nitration protocols of various unsaturated hydrocarbons. In addition to a broad application area, these protocols are easy to scale for decagram quantities, and exhibit exceptional substrate generality and functional‐group compatibility.
Green‐synthesis of Ni‐Co nanoferrites using aloe vera extract: Structural, optical, magnetic, and antimicrobial studies
Authors: Dhanda Neetu , Thakur Preeti , Kumar Rakesh , Fatima Tazeen , Hameed Saif , Slimani Yassine , Sun An‐Cheng Aidan , Thakur Atul
Published: April 2023

Nickel‐doped cobalt nanoferrites (NixCo1‐xFe2O4, where x = 0.0 to 1.0 with step size 0.2) were prepared using the auto combustion method in which aloe vera extract was taken as a fuel. Further, characterization for antimicrobial, structural, optical, and magnetic studies was performed for the prepared ferrite nanoparticles. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against a prevalent human fungal pathogen, Candida albicans. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed the spinel cubic phase with an average crystallite size of 28 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the stretching mode of vibration at the tetrahedral and the octahedral sites. Further, the analysis of magnetic properties was done using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and the magnetic parameters, specific magnetization (67.69 emu/g) as well as squareness ratio σR/σS (0.47) were observed. From the UV–Visible absorbance spectra, the absorbance band edge was observed between 700 and 800 nm, and band gap values were observed at 2.84 eV for x = 1.0. Furthermore, the antimicrobial studies of the obtained ferrite nanoparticles were inspected against the C. albicans fungi, and it was observed that nickel‐doped cobalt ferrite shows an inhibitory nature. Maximum inhibition of 0.43 (67% growth) was observed for the composition x = 1.0. Therefore, these ferrite nanoparticles can be used as a drug against fungus infection.
Northern Europe's suitability for offshore European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) habitat restoration: A mechanistic niche modelling approach
Authors: Stechele Brecht , Hughes Anna , Degraer Steven , Bossier Peter , Nevejan Nancy
Published: April 2023

After centuries of overexploitation, European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) habitats are increasingly being protected and large‐scale oyster habitat restoration projects have been initiated in the North Sea, the English Channel, the Irish Sea and the north‐eastern Atlantic.

Understanding the habitat requirements of flat oysters is key in the selection process of restoration sites.

In this study, a theoretical niche for all life stages of the flat oyster is determined using a dynamic energy budget model forced with temperature, chlorophyll a and salinity in combination with sediment composition. The suitability of Northern Europe's marine environment for flat oysters is evaluated by applying the proposed niche model on a spatial scale and evaluating spatio‐temporal variability in life history traits and metabolic characteristics, such as fitness, reproductive output, settlement success and growth.

Results show that habitat suitability is limited by low maximum summer temperature and low food availability at higher latitudes and in areas under strong influence of the Atlantic Ocean. Restoration efforts in Ireland and Scotland should be confined to protected and shallow coastal environments. Suitability in the southern North Sea is patchy and mainly depends on seabed substrate. The nearshore areas of the English Channel are highly suitable.

The georeferenced dataset shared in this study will be useful for restoration practitioners.
The Type I Interferon Signature Reflects Multiple Phenotypic and Activity Measures in Dermatomyositis
Authors: Tabata Mika M. , Hodgkinson Luqman Mushila , Wu Tiffany T. , Li Shufeng , Huard Christine , Zhao Shanrong , Bennett Donald , Johnson Jillian , Tierney Cassandra , He Wen , Buhlmann Janet E. , Page Karen M. , Johnson Kristen , Casciola‐Rosen Livia , Chung Lorinda , Sarin Kavita Y. , Fiorentino David
Published: April 2023

Objective

The type 1 interferon (IFN) pathway is up‐regulated in dermatomyositis (DM). We sought to define how organ‐specific disease activity as well as autoantibodies and other clinical factors are independently associated with systemic type I IFN activity in adult patients with DM.

Methods

RNA sequencing was performed on 355 whole blood samples collected from 202 well‐phenotyped DM patients followed up during the course of their clinical care. A previously defined 13‐gene type I IFN score was modeled as a function of demographic, serologic, and clinical variables using both cross‐sectional and longitudinal data.

Results

The pattern of type I IFN–driven transcriptional response was stereotyped across samples with a sequential modular activation pattern strikingly similar to systemic lupus erythematosus. The median type I IFN score was higher or lower in patients with anti–melanoma differentiation–associated protein 5 (anti–MDA‐5) or anti–Mi‐2 antibodies, respectively, compared to patients without these antibodies. Absolute type I IFN score was independently associated with muscle and skin disease activity, interstitial lung disease, and anti–MDA‐5 antibodies. Changes in the type I IFN score over time were significantly associated with changes in skin or muscle disease activity. Stratified analysis accounting for heterogeneity in organ involvement and antibody class revealed high correlation between changes in the type I IFN score and skin disease activity (Spearman's ρ = 0.84–0.95).

Conclusion

The type I IFN score is independently associated with skin and muscle disease activity as well as certain clinical and serologic features in DM. Accounting for the effect of muscle disease and anti–MDA‐5 status revealed that the type I IFN score is strongly correlated with skin disease activity, providing support for type I IFN blockade as a therapeutic strategy for DM.

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Lowering of Circulating Sclerostin May Increase Risk of Atherosclerosis and Its Risk Factors: Evidence From a Genome‐Wide Association Meta‐Analysis Followed by Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Zheng Jie , Wheeler Eleanor , Pietzner Maik , Andlauer Till F. M. , Yau Michelle S. , Hartley April E. , Brumpton Ben Michael , Rasheed Humaira , Kemp John P. , Frysz Monika , Robinson Jamie , Reppe Sjur , Prijatelj Vid , Gautvik Kaare M. , Falk Louise , Maerz Winfried , Gergei Ingrid , Peyser Patricia A. , Kavousi Maryam , de Vries Paul S. , Miller Clint L. , Bos Maxime , van der Laan Sander W. , Malhotra Rajeev , Herrmann Markus , Scharnagl Hubert , Kleber Marcus , Dedoussis George , Zeggini Eleftheria , Nethander Maria , Ohlsson Claes , Lorentzon Mattias , Wareham Nick , Langenberg Claudia , Holmes Michael V. , Davey Smith George , Tobias Jonathan H.
Published: April 2023

Objective

In this study, we aimed to establish the causal effects of lowering sclerostin, target of the antiosteoporosis drug romosozumab, on atherosclerosis and its risk factors.

Methods

A genome‐wide association study meta‐analysis was performed of circulating sclerostin levels in 33,961 European individuals. Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to predict the causal effects of sclerostin lowering on 15 atherosclerosis‐related diseases and risk factors.

Results

We found that 18 conditionally independent variants were associated with circulating sclerostin. Of these, 1 cis signal in SOST and 3 trans signals in B4GALNT3, RIN3, and SERPINA1 regions showed directionally opposite signals for sclerostin levels and estimated bone mineral density. Variants with these 4 regions were selected as genetic instruments. MR using 5 correlated cis‐SNPs suggested that lower sclerostin increased the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (odds ratio [OR] 1.32 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.03–1.69]) and myocardial infarction (MI) (OR 1.35 [95% CI 1.01–1.79]); sclerostin lowering was also suggested to increase the extent of coronary artery calcification (CAC) (β = 0.24 [95% CI 0.02–0.45]). MR using both cis and trans instruments suggested that lower sclerostin increased hypertension risk (OR 1.09 [95% CI 1.04–1.15]), but otherwise had attenuated effects.

Conclusion

This study provides genetic evidence to suggest that lower levels of sclerostin may increase the risk of hypertension, type 2 DM, MI, and the extent of CAC. Taken together, these findings underscore the requirement for strategies to mitigate potential adverse effects of romosozumab treatment on atherosclerosis and its related risk factors.

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Mechanochemical synthesis and interfacial engineering of photothermal polymer composites for solar‐driven water evaporation
Authors: Kim Jihyo , Lee Dongjun , Cho Wansu , Yang Beomjoo , Jung Jongwon , Park Chiyoung
Published: April 2023

Freshwater generation has been extensively studied to address the global freshwater scarcity issue, although designing a simple, inexpensive system with high efficiency and sustainability is complicated. Solar‐driven water evaporation is a promising, highly efficient water purification strategy. This paper reports the synthesis of a hydrophilic conductive polymer and its carbon nanotube (CNT) composites for efficient solar‐driven water evaporation via a quick mechanochemical process. Doped polydiphenylamine (PD) and its CNT composites were obtained by the simple grinding of an inexpensive eutectic‐phase monomer with oxidants, doping agents, and oxidized CNTs. The obtained composites exhibited high photothermal efficiency (89.9%) and water evaporation rate (1.41 kg m−2 h−1) under 1 sun irradiation. Dual doping and introducing oxidized CNTs into PD enhanced the wettability, photothermal efficiency, and water evaporation performance. This study provides an effective strategy for the fast and facile fabrication of photothermal membranes for solar‐driven freshwater generation.
Association between gut permeability, brain volume, and cognition in healthy participants and patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder
Authors: Scheurink Toon Anton Willem , Borkent Jenny , Gangadin Shiral S. , El Aidy Sahar , Mandl Rene , Sommer Iris E. C.
Published: April 2023

Introduction

The barrier function of the gut is important for many organs and systems, including the brain. If gut permeability increases, bacterial fragments may enter the circulation, giving rise to increased systemic inflammation. Increases in bacterial translocation are reflected in higher values of blood markers, including lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14). Some pioneer studies showed a negative association between bacterial translocation markers and brain volumes, but this association remains scarcely investigated. We investigate the effect of bacterial translocation on brain volumes and cognition in both healthy controls and patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD).

Materials and methods

Healthy controls (n = 39) and SSD patients (n = 72) underwent an MRI‐scan, venipuncture and cognition assessments. We investigated associations between LBP and sCD14 and brain volumes (intracranial volume, total brain volume, and hippocampal volume) using linear regression. We then associated LBP and sCD14 to cognitive function using a mediation analysis, with intracranial volume as mediator.

Results

Healthy controls showed a negative association between hippocampal volume and LBP (b = –0.11, p = .04), and intracranial volume and sCD14 (b = –0.25, p = .07). Both markers were indirectly associated with lower cognitive functioning in healthy controls (LBP: b = –0.071, p = .028; sCD14: b = –0.213, p = .052), mediated by low intracranial volume. In the SSD patients, these associations were markedly less present.

Conclusion

These findings extend earlier studies suggesting that increased bacterial translocation may negatively affect brain volume, which indirectly impacts cognition, even in this young healthy group. If replicated, this finding stresses the importance of a healthy gut for the development and optimal functioning of the brain. Absence of these associations in the SSD group may indicate that other factors such as allostatic load, chronic medication use and interrupted educational carrier had larger impact and attenuated the relative contribution of bacterial translocation.
Green innovation ecosystem and water performance in the food service industry: The effects of environmental management controls and digitalization
Authors: Rosa Fabricia S. , Compagnucci Lorenzo , Lunkes Rogerio J. , Monteiro Januário J.
Published: April 2023

Based on the theory of innovation ecosystems (IEs) and the literature on environmental management controls (EMCs), this study examines the effects of green innovation ecosystems (GIEs), EMCs, and digitalization on the water performance of firms in the food service industry (FSI). In this context, the moderating role of technology sensing/response (TSR) is explored. Surveying 245 managers in large Brazilian restaurants, the hypotheses are tested through partial least squares structural equation modeling. The findings reveal that the GIE positively influences digitalization and the use of both diagnostic and interactive EMCs. Additionally, the results demonstrate not only that interactive EMCs improve water performance but also that a high level of TSR increases the impact of diagnostic EMCs on water performance. This study therefore advances the literature by illustrating how cooperation between FSI firms and multiagents provides competences and resources that facilitate the implementation of digital tools and EMCs to achieve sustainability outcomes.
Differences in DNA damage repair gene mutations between left‐ and right‐sided colorectal cancer
Authors: Huang Wei , Li Wenliang , Xu Ning , Li Hui , Zhang Zihan , Zhang Xiaolong , He Tingting , Yao Jicheng , Xu Mian , He Qingqing , Guo Lijie , Zhang Sen
Published: April 2023

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Studies have shown that the DNA damage response (DDR) mutation is strongly associated with microsatellite instability (MSI) status and is an indication for patients with CRCs receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. However, DDR mutation in microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC remains unclear.

Methods

In this study, Fisher's exact test, Student'st‐test, Wilcoxon rank‐sum test and Cox proportional hazards regression model were performed, and a p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The most common gene alterations were APC (77%), TP53 (73%), KRAS (48%), and PIK3CA (25%). The mutationfrequency of APC and TP53 in left‐sided CRC was significantly higher than that for right‐sided CRC, while the mutation frequency of PIK3CA, ACVR2A, FAT4, and RNF43 in right‐sided CRC was significantly higher than that for left‐sided CRC. DDR mutations occurred in100% of MSI CRCs and in 83.77% of MSS CRCs, with the most frequently mutated DDR genes being ARID1A (7.5%), ATM (5.7%,) and BRCA2 (2.6%). When right‐ and left‐sided CRCs were compared, no significant difference was observed for DDR genes and pathways. A survival analysis indicated that the DDR mutation was not associated with overall survival (OS) in MSS CRCs, while left‐sided patients with homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway mutations had a significantly prolonged OS compared with right‐sided CRCs.

Conclusions

Here, we found that stage and grade were statistically significant independent prognostic factors in the left‐sided CRC and the right‐sided CRC, recommending treatment for these patients stratified by stage. For the future, utilizing DDR gene defects for expanding treatment options and improving prognosis is an issue worth exploring.
Enzyme Inhibition and Antioxidant Activities of Asparagus officinalis L. and Analysis of Its Phytochemical Content by LC/MS/MS
Authors: Çomaklı Veysel , Sağlamtaş Rüya , Kuzu Müslüm , Karagöz Yalçın , Aydın Tuba , Demirdağ Ramazan
Published: April 2023

In the study, water, ethanol, methanol, dichloromethane, and acetone extracts of Asparagus officinalis L. were obtained by maceration. DPPH⋅, ABTS⋅+, FRAP, and CUPRAC methods determined the antioxidant capacities of all extracts. Moreover, the in vitro effects of extracts on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), carbonic anhydrase (CA)‐I, CA‐II and α‐Glycosidase were investigated. At a 10 μg/ml concentration, the extract with the highest Fe3+ reduction capacity was ethanol (AE), and the extract with the highest Cu2+ reduction capacity was acetone (AA). AE for AChE (IC50=21.19 μg/ml) and α‐Glycosidase (IC50: 70.00 μg/ml), methanol (AM) for BChE (IC50=17.33 μg/ml), CA−I and II (IC50=79.65 and 36.09 μg/ml, respectively) showed the most potent inhibition effect. The content analysis of acetone extract was performed with LC/MS‐MS, the first three phytochemicals found most were p‐Coumaric acid, rutin, and 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (284.29±3.97, 135.39±8.19, and 102.06±5.51 μg analyte/g extract, respectively).
Synthetic Approaches of Epoxysuccinate Chemical Probes
Authors: Nicolau Ioana , Hădade Niculina D. , Matache Mihaela , Funeriu Daniel P.
Published: April 2023

Synthetic chemical probes are powerful tools for investigating biological processes. They are particularly useful for proteomic studies such as activity‐based protein profiling (ABPP). These chemical methods initially used mimics of natural substrates. As the techniques gained prominence, more and more elaborate chemical probes with increased specificity towards given enzyme/protein families and amenability to various reaction conditions were used. Among the chemical probes, peptidyl‐epoxysuccinates represent one of the first types of compounds used to investigate the activity of the cysteine protease papain‐like family of enzymes. Structurally derived from the natural substrate, a wide body of inhibitors and activity‐ or affinity‐based probes bearing the electrophilic oxirane unit for covalent labeling of active enzymes now exists. Herein, we review the literature regarding the synthetic approaches to epoxysuccinate‐based chemical probes together with their reported applications, from biological chemistry and inhibition studies to supramolecular chemistry and the formation of protein arrays.
TAVR for all—Is it time?
Authors: Mustafa Usman , Helmy Tarek
Published: April 2023

Key Points

This paper adds to the evidence for long‐term durability and sustained performance of TAVR

Potential differences in performance to types of TAVR especially in smaller sizes

Randomized trials for different TAVR designs are ongoing
Belly dancer syndrome improved by withdrawal of droxidopa and amantadine
Authors: Kaga Mihiro , Ueda Hiroyoshi , Sunagawa Chika , Oe Masashi , Shima Atsushi , Matsukawa Nobuyasu , Ueda Takeshi
Published: April 2023

Key Clinical Message

A man hospitalized for cerebral infarction developed drug‐induced belly dancer syndrome, which improved after withdrawal of droxidopa and amantadine. Drugs that modulate dopamine neurotransmission have been reported to be associated with this syndrome. When belly dancer syndrome is suspected, clinicians should consider drug‐induced abdominal dyskinesia and medication withdrawal.
A novel overlap syndrome: Rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, antiphospholipid syndrome, and dermatomyositis
Authors: Mohammed Maab Jasim , Hashim Hashim Talib , Al‐Obaidi Ahmed Dheyaa , Al Shammari Assim
Published: April 2023

Key Clinical Message

This is an extremely rare case that has not been presented or discussed in the literature to the best of our knowledge. The overlap of connective tissue disease is a challenge for physicians and patients, and it needs special care and regular clinical and laboratory follow‐up.

This report describes a rare case of overlapping connective tissue diseases in a 42‐year‐old female with rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, antiphospholipid syndrome, and dermatomyositis. The patient presented with a hyperpigmented erythematous rash, muscle weakness, and pain, highlighting the challenges of diagnosis and treatment that require regular clinical and laboratory follow‐up.
A useful technique of starting internal limiting membrane peeling from the edge of the internal limiting membrane defect in epiretinal membrane surgery
Authors: Sasajima Hirofumi , Zako Masahiro
Published: April 2023

Key Clinical Message

Clinicians should be aware that internal limiting membrane (ILM) defects may occur concurrently with epiretinal membrane, and starting ILM peeling at the ILM defect margin may be useful in such cases.

We describe a useful surgical technique for the treatment of idiopathic epiretinal membrane with concurrent internal limiting membrane (ILM) defect, in which ILM peeling was started from the ILM defect margin. A dissociated optic nerve fiber layer‐like appearance on fundus examination and optical coherence tomography may suggest an ILM defect.
A Blue Light and Two‐Photon Activatable Rhodamine Fluorophore
Authors: Weber Rebekka , Junek Stephan , Heckel Alexander
Published: April 2023

Photoactivatable fluorophores (PAFs) are powerful tools for biological imaging applications because they provide spatiotemporal control of fluorescence distribution. Many of the existing PAFs can only be activated by UV irradiation. In our study, we present a blue light (1P) and NIR light (2P) activatable rhodamine fluorophore. Next to the description of the synthesis and the investigation of the photoreaction, we demonstrate the use of our PAF in the context of laser scanning microscopy. By immobilization of our PAF in a hydrogel, we were able to write and read spatially resolved illumination patterns with excellent contrast after both one‐photon and two‐photon excitation.
AI‐Based Supervision for a Stirred Extraction Column Assisted with Population Balance‐Based Simulation
Authors: Neuendorf Laura , Hammal Zakariae , Fricke Armin , Kockmann Norbert
Published: April 2023

Solvent extraction as environmental benign separation technique can be modeled in physical detail by population balance of the droplet size distribution. However, much information on the droplet generation and coalescence is necessary for representative results. In this contribution, we present a comparison of AI‐evaluated experimental and simulated data on the behavior of a stirred solvent extraction column with an inner diameter of 32 mm. Lab experiments were performed using the standard test system with n‐butyl acetate, acetone, and deionized water. A digital camera is placed in front of the middle section as well as the head of the column. Droplet size evaluation is performed using a retrained neural net (Mask R‐CNN). The stirred DN32 extraction column is modeled and simulated using a 1D CFD population balance software. The simulation allows for behavior analysis, trends comparison, and validation of the hydrodynamics and mass transfer performances.
Combined recovery of valuable metals from LiFePO4–LiCoO2 system without adding oxidant and reductant
Authors: Ren Zhongqi , Zheng Shuai , Li Ruiqi , Li Yongjian , Dong Liping , Wu Xi , Tian Shichao , Zhou Zhiyong
Published: April 2023

Based on the oxidation of ferrous ions in lithium iron phosphate and reduction of trivalent cobalt ions in lithium cobaltate, an innovative combined recovery process of lithium iron phosphate and lithium cobaltate powders is proposed. The effects of leaching conditions on leaching performance are studied and the optimal leaching conditions are obtained. Under these conditions, the leaching efficiencies of lithium and cobalt ions reach up to 99.92% and 81.11%, respectively. After removing ferric ions from leachate, the cobalt and lithium ions are separately recovered from the leaching solution. The final precipitation rate of cobalt ions is up to 97.71% with the purity of cobalt oxalate as 99.94%. In addition, the precipitation rate of lithium ions is 78.54% and the purity of lithium carbonate reaches up to 99.94%. Finally, the reaction path and mechanism for the combined recovery of lithium iron phosphate–lithium cobaltate system are preliminary investigated.
Global burden of female breast cancer and its association with socioeconomic development status, 1990–2044
Authors: Zhang Jingya , Lu Yongbo , Zhang Ning , Yu Zeru , Li Haorao , He Rongxin , Mao Ying , Zhu Bin
Published: April 2023

Background

Breast cancer is a widespread disease in women worldwide.

Aim

We aimed to explore the global epidemiological trends of female breast cancer (FBC) between 1990 and 2044.

Methods and Results

Disease burden, population, and socio‐demographic index (SDI) data were obtained from the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) database. We analyzed temporal trends, age differences, risk factors, and geographic patterns of FBC disease burden globally and explored the association between age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of FBC and SDI. Bayesian age‐period‐cohort model was also performed to predict the changes in FBC incidence worldwide from 2020 to 2044. First, the global ASIR of FBC increased by 14.31% from 1990 to 2019 (95% Uncertainty Interval 4.75% to 23.98%). The death rate presented a falling trend. Second, alcohol use is the most‐highlighted risk factor for FBC in some high‐income regions such as Europe. A high fasting plasma glucose levels is the most prominent risk factor for FBC in Latin America and Africa. Third, the ASIR of the FBC increases with the SDI. Fourth, the incidence is expected to increase faster among women aged 35–60 years and fastest for those aged 50–54 years from 2020 to 2044. Countries with a high incidence of FBC that is expected to increase significantly include Barbados, Burkina Faso, Senegal, Monaco, Lebanon, Togo, and Uganda.

Conclusion

The disease burden of FBC varies worldwide; the findings suggest attaching importance to the control of middle and low‐middle SDI regions. Public health as well as cancer prevention experts should pay more attention to regions and populations at an increased risk of developing FBC, focusing on their prevention and rehabilitation while conducting further epidemiological studies to investigate the risk factors of their increase.
Multi‐strategy‐based leader election mechanism for the Raft algorithm
Authors: Du Zhiqiang , Qu Zhi , Fu Yanfang , Huang Muhong , Liu Liangxin
Published: April 2023

Raft is a consensus algorithm that implements highly available replicas. As raft requires a leader to drive the protocol execution, it usually employs a round‐robin leader election mechanism to select a random leader among all nodes. However, when the elected leader suffers from performance issues, the protocol will temporarily lose aliveness. To address this issue, we propose a multi‐strategy leader election mechanism that allows nodes to proactively trigger a new round of election when they believe the leader suffers from performance issues, and replace this leader with a new one in a designated priority queue. The formal analysis and experimental results show that the mechanism can improve the system's throughput/latency without additional election time overhead.
Red‐Emitting Fluorophores Featuring Combined Hybridized Local and Charge‐Transfer Excited State and Aggregation‐Induced Emission as Efficient Emitters for Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Chaiwai Chaiyon , Kitisriworaphan Wipaporn , Petdee Sujinda , Chawanpunyawat Thanyarat , Chasing Pongsakorn , Nalaoh Phattananawee , Manyum Thanaporn , Sudyodsuk Taweesak , Promarak Vinich
Published: April 2023

Herein, donor (D)‐acceptor (A) type fluorophores (TTBz and TTNz) were designed and synthesized with different acceptor units. The two acceptor units benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (Bz) and naphtho[2,3‐c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (Nz) are asymmetrically functionalized with triphenylamine (TPA) as a strong donor and tetraphenylethylene (TPE) as an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐luminogen to realize combined AIE and hybridized local and charge transfer (HCLT) excited state features as well as long‐wavelength emission. Their HCLT and AIE properties are verified by theoretical calculations, solvatochromic effects, and transient photoluminescence decay experiments. They exhibit strong orange‐red and deep‐red fluorescence emission with good thermal stability and hole mobility, leading to effective utilization as emitters in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The resulting devices show decent electroluminescent (EL) performance (current efficiency of 12.04–12.58 cd A−1, maximum brightness of 11206–20160 cd m−2, and external quantum efficiency of 5.11–5.47 %). Particularly, the TTNz‐based OLED demonstrates steady deep‐red emission with a peak at 661 nm and CIE coordinates of (0.67, 0.33).
The relationship between perceived corporate environmental responsibility and employees' pro‐environmental behavior: A moderated serial mediation model
Authors: Wang Dawei , Wang Li , Sun Chongyu , Wu Dan , Mao Wenxu , Hu Yixin
Published: April 2023

In order to achieve corporate sustainable development, it is an effective way to emphasize the development of employees' pro‐environmental behavior at the microlevel. This study examined the relationship between perceived corporate environmental responsibility (CER) and employees' PEB and its mechanisms based on the cognitive‐affective processing system (CAPS) theory. Data were collected from 300 employees in the manufacturing and logistics industries in two stages in this study, with a whole‐group sampling method. The results showed that (1) perceived CER is positively correlated with employees' PEB; (2) environmental internal motivation and harmonious environmental passion play a serial mediating role between perceived CER and employees' PEB; (3) person–organization fit moderates the serial mediating path through which perceived CER influences employees' PEB via environmental internal motivation and harmonious environmental passion, by enhancing the positive influence of perceived CER on environmental internal motivation, such that the higher the level of person–organization fit, the stronger the positive serial mediating effect. This study provides a valuable interpretation for understanding the relationship between perceived CER and employees' PEB from both cognitive and affective perspectives, and provides new ideas for intervening in employees' PEB to achieve corporate sustainable development.
Cooperative communication for safety message dissemination in unsaturated networks with varying contention windows
Authors: Septa Neha , Wagh Sushama
Published: April 2023

Safety message dissemination is crucial in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) for road safety applications. Vehicles regularly transmit safety messages to surrounding vehicles to prevent road accidents. However, changing vehicle mobility and density can cause unstable network conditions in VANETs, making it inappropriate to use a fixed contention window (CW) for different network densities. It has been proposed a 1‐D Markov model under unsaturation conditions to analyze the performance of the system with varying CWs under changing vehicle densities. Additionally, it introduces the use of cooperative communication (CoC) to relay failed safety messages. In CoC, two control packets, namely, negative acknowledge (NACK) and enable to cooperate (ETC), are utilized. The proposed analytical model named cooperative communication for safety message dissemination (CoC‐SMD) is used to calculate throughput and average packet delay for varying CW and different packet size. The simulation confirms the validity of the analytical results and show significant improvement in the metrics through the use of varying CW sizes and CoC compared with existing techniques.
TRPS1 outperforms GATA3 in pleural effusions with metastatic breast carcinoma versus mesothelioma
Authors: Baban Farah , Koepplin Justin W. , Ahmad Muhammad , Clarke‐Brodber Anna‐Lee , Bois Melanie C. , Hartley Christopher P. , Sturgis Charles D.
Published: April 2023

Introduction

In evaluating malignant pleural fluid cytology, metastatic adenocarcinomas and mesotheliomas are often differential diagnoses. GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) has historically been used to confirm metastatic breast carcinomas; however, GATA3 has low specificity if mesothelioma is included in differential diagnoses. Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) protein is expressed in all types of breast carcinomas, with reported high specificity and sensitivity. We investigated the performance of TRPS1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and compared it to GATA3 in pleural fluids diagnosed with metastatic breast carcinoma and mesothelioma.

Methods

Thirty‐six consecutive ThinPrep pleural fluids and 4 pleural fine needle aspirations (FNAs) with diagnoses of metastatic breast carcinoma (21) and mesothelioma (19) were retrieved, and IHC with TRPS1 and GATA3 was performed on all. Immunoreactivity scores for TRPS1 were calculated by multiplying percentage of immunoreactive cells by staining intensity. Immunoreactivity scores were negative if 0 or 1, low positive if 2, intermediate positive if 3 or 4, or high positive if 6 or 9. Nuclear immunoreactivity of ≥10% with at least moderate intensity was judged GATA3 positive.

Results

GATA3 showed immunoreactivity in all metastatic breast carcinomas and 84% of mesotheliomas. TRPS1 was immunoreactive in all breast carcinoma cases (18 with a score of 9 and 3 with a score of 6). TRPS1 showed low positivity in 5% of mesothelioma cases with all other cases being negative.

Conclusion

When cytomorphologic differential diagnoses of mesothelioma exist, TRPS1 is a more specific marker than GATA3 for confirmation of metastatic breast carcinoma in pleural fluid cytology.
Browning of boreal lakes: Do public perceptions and governance align with the biological foundations?
Authors: Albrecht Eerika , Hannonen Olga , Palacín‐Lizarbe Carlos , Suni Jarno , Härkönen Laura H. , Soininen Niko , Kukkonen Jussi , Vainikka Anssi
Published: April 2023

Browning of surface waters, also known as brownification, is a process of decreasing water transparency, particularly in boreal lakes surrounded by intensively managed forests and wetlands. In this paper, we review the ecological consequences and ecosystem‐based management (EBM) of browning through a systematic review approach and adopt an interdisciplinary approach to formulating new governance of this complex phenomenon. To understand the effects of browning on the recreational value of freshwaters, we present primary survey data on public perceptions of recreational fishing tourists on water quality in Finland. We identify a need to develop EBM beyond the EU's Water Framework Directive (WFD) to fully account for the extensive implications of browning. We also highlight the need for a better understanding of the within‐lake microbial processes to estimate the browning‐associated changes in the greenhouse gas balance of lakes. Tourist perceptions of the quality of waterbodies in Finland were largely in agreement with the general proportion of waterbodies classified in a good or excellent ecological status class, but these perceptions may be detached from biological quality assessment criteria. Consequently, we suggest that the EBM of inland waters should improve the utilization of information on not only biogeochemical processes but also users' perspectives on aquatic ecosystems beyond the EU WFD.
HSE National Clinical Programme for Eating Disorders in Ireland: COVID‐19 pandemic and eating disorder care in a new national eating disorder service
Authors: JO Driscoll David , Jennings Rhona , Clifford Michelle , Maher Caroline , Corbett Marie , Wade Sarah , Dunne Deirdre , Collins Ciara , McDevitt Sara
Published: April 2023

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic experience was different in each country (e.g., prevalence, societal restrictions). There is limited data on eating disorder (ED) diagnosis and service activity trends within Ireland. The aim of this study is to describe the ED referral and hospitalization trends during COVID‐19 in Ireland.

Method

Monthly data (2019–2021) from three regional community ED services (two‐child and one‐adult) were collected. National psychiatric and medical hospitalization data were analyzed. A descriptive and trend analysis was performed.

Results

There was a trend of referrals to community ED services during the COVID‐19 pandemic for children (p < .0001) and adults (p = .0019). Albeit the increase in child referrals was evident at an earlier point before adult referrals. There was a trend of a diagnosis for children and adults of anorexia nervosa (p < .0001; p = .0257) and other‐specified‐feeding‐or‐eating‐disorder (OSFED) respectively (p = .0037; p = .0458). There was no trend in psychiatric co‐morbidity. There was a trend of child (p = .0003) not adult (n = 0.1669) psychiatric hospitalization. There was a trend of medical hospitalization for child and adult combined (p < .0001).

Conclusion

This study adds to the growing literature on the association of the COVID‐19 pandemic on ED trends and the need for future public health and service provision funding to be allocated for mental health services during periods of international crisis.

Public Significance

This study illustrates the referral and hospitalization trend in young persons and adults with an ED in Ireland during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study highlights that there was a trend of Anorexia Nervosa and OSFED presentations during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Treatment of avoidant‐restrictive food intake disorder in an older adult: A proof‐of‐concept case study
Authors: Grunewald William , Smith April R. , Brown Tiffany A.
Published: April 2023

Objective

Cognitive behavioral therapy for Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID; CBT‐AR) is an emerging treatment for ARFID. However, this treatment modality has yet to be examined among older adults (e.g., older than 50 years) or with adults presenting with feeding tubes. To inform future versions of CBT‐AR, we present the results of a singular case study (G) of an older male with the sensory sensitivity phenotype of ARFID who presented for treatment with a gastrostomy tube.

Methods

G was a 71‐year‐old male who completed eight sessions of CBT‐AR in a doctoral training clinic. ARFID symptom severity and comorbid eating pathology changes were examined pre‐ and post‐treatment.

Results

Posttreatment, G reported significant decreases in ARFID symptom severity and no longer met diagnostic criteria for ARFID. Furthermore, throughout treatment, G reported significant increases in his oral food consumption (vs. calories being pushed through the feeding tube), solid food consumption, and the feeding tube was ultimately removed.

Discussion

This study provides proof of concept that CBT‐AR is potentially effective for older adults and/or those presenting for treatment with feeding tubes. Validation of patient efforts and severity of ARFID symptoms emerged as core to treatment success and should be emphasized when training clinicians in CBT‐AR.

Public Significance

Cognitive behavior therapy for ARFID (CBT‐AR) is the leading treatment for this disorder; however, it has yet to be tested among older adults or those with feeding tubes. This single‐patient case study demonstrates that CBT‐AR may be efficacious in reducing ARFID symptom severity among older adults with a feeding tube.
Theoretical Investigations on the Agostic Interactions of the Molybdenum and Manganese Complexes
Authors: Zhang Min , Zhang Wanjing , Liang Guangchao
Published: April 2023

The essential participation of agostic interactions in C−H bond activation, cyclometallation and other catalytic processes has been widely observed. To quantitatively evaluate the Mo−H−C agostic interaction in the Mo β/γ‐ agostomers [CpMo(CO)2(PiPr3)]+(Mo,1andMo,2) and the Mn−H−C agostic interaction in the Mn α/ϵ‐agostomers [(C6H9]Mo(CO)3] (Mn,1andMn,2), the comprehensive density functional theory (DFT) theoretical investigations were performed. Results indicated that the Mo β‐agostomer1is only favorable by 0.5 kcal mol−1than Mo γ‐agostomer2, and the Gibbs barrier for their interconversion was 9.1 kcal mol−1. A slightly higher Gibbs barrier of 12.7 kcal mol−1for the isomerization between the Mn α/ϵ‐agostomers was also obtained. The relatively strong agostic interactions in Mo β‐agostomer1and Mn α‐agostomer1were further verified by the AIM (Atoms‐In‐Molecules) analyses and the NAdOs (natural adaptive orbitals) analyses. The findings on the agostic interaction presented in this study are believed to benefit the understandings of the agostic interaction involved catalytic processes and to promote the development of new organometallic complexes.
Personalized medicine: Somatosensory phenotyping in musculoskeletal pain conditions
Authors: Curatolo Michele
Published: April 2023

Background

Current clinical phenotyping of musculoskeletal pain provides very limited evidence‐ based support to personalized medicine. This paper discusses the potential of somatosensory phenotyping to contribute to personalized medicine for prognosis and prediction of treatment effects.

Methods

Highlight of definitions and regulatory requirements for phenotypes and biomarkers. Appraisal of the literature on somatosensory phenotyping in musculoskeletal pain.

Results

Somatosensory phenotyping can identify clinical conditions and manifestations that may affect treatment decisions. However, studies have shown inconsistent associations of phenotyping measures with clinical outcomes, and the strength of association is mostly weak. Most somatosensory measures have been developed for research, are too demanding to find large acceptance in clinical settings, and have uncertain clinical usefulness.

Conclusions

Current somatosensory measures will unlikely be validated as strong prognostic or predictive biomarkers. However, they still have the potential to support personalized medicine. Including somatosensory measures in biomarker signatures, that is, a set of measures that are collectively associated with outcomes, is potentially more useful than aiming to the identification of single biomarkers. Furthermore, somatosensory phenotyping may be introduced as part of patient's evaluation to contribute to better‐informed and personalized treatment decisions. To this purpose, a change in the way research currently approaches somatosensory phenotyping is warranted. A pathway is proposed that involves: (1) the identification of clinically applicable measures that are specific to clinical conditions; (2) the association of somatosensory phenotypes with outcomes; (3) multi‐site replication; and (4) the determination of clinical benefits in randomized controlled trials.

Significance

Somatosensory phenotyping has the potential to support personalized medicine. However, current measures do not seem to meet the criteria for being strong prognostic or predictive biomarkers, most of them are too demanding to find large acceptance in clinical settings, and their clinical usefulness has not been proven. The value of somatosensory phenotyping can be more realistically determined by re‐orienting research to the development of simplified testing protocols, applicable to large‐scale clinical practice, and tested for clinical usefulness in randomized controlled trials.
How do we cope when we believe we can? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies on coping and negative mood regulation expectancies
Authors: Mazur‐Socha Zofia , Przepiórka Aneta , Sobol Małgorzata
Published: April 2023

Negative mood regulation expectancies (NMRE) are individuals’ beliefs about their ability to alleviate a negative mood. The literature on the relations between NMRE and coping often reports ambiguous results. The current review aims to integrate and summarize evidence on the associations between NMRE and coping. We searched the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), PsycInfo, PsycArticles, Scopus and Web of Science databases and found 19 articles for a systematic review and 17 articles for a meta‐analysis. There was a medium significant effect size for active coping (r = .31, 95% confidence interval [CI] [.26; .36]), and a small significant effect for avoidant coping (r = −.14, 95% CI [−.22; −.06]). Moderate to high levels of significant heterogeneity were observed, indicating differences in relationships between NMRE and coping across studies. Method of measuring coping was a significant moderator of its relationship to NMRE. Given the solid evidence of the positive relationship between NMRE and active coping, both variables should be considered in research and in psychological interventions. Further directions for the development of theory and for future research are suggested.
Electrochemical urea biosensor based onProteus mirabilisurease immobilized over polyaniline PANi‐Glassy carbon electrode
Authors: Atailia Sara , Baraket Abdoullatif , Rabai Selma , Benounis Messaoud , Jaffrezic Nicole , Araar Hala , Naït‐Bouda Abdelyamine , Boumaza Abdecharif , Errachid Abdelhamid , Houhamdi Moussa
Published: April 2023

In this study, a novel, sensitive electrochemical enzyme‐based biosensor for urea detection was presented. This biosensor combines a three‐electrode system consisting of a classic Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) as the working electrode, a platinum counter electrode, and Ag/AgCl as the reference electrode. To construct this urea platform, a GCE was modified with a polyaniline (PANi) film. Then, bacterial urease fromProteus mirabiliswas immobilized on the modified GCE (Pm‐Urease‐PANi‐GCE). For the characterization of surface modification, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were applied, while the Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) technique was performed for urea detection. The main analytical characteristics of the Pm‐Urease‐PANi‐GCE biosensor showed a good linear range from 0.1 to 10 mM of urea, a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 mM, a Michaelis‐Menten Kmof 0.23 mM, and a sensitivity value 46 μA/mM/cm2. This biosensor allows the detection of urea in solutions, and it could be improved for further medical, environmental, or engineering applications.
Compensation analysis of the active and reactive power of electric vehicles using optimized FOPID‐GA controller
Authors: Moghadam Atefeh Marvi , Balochian Saeed
Published: April 2023

Recently, the interest in using electric and environmentally friendly vehicles has risen increasingly. The most important challenge is charging these electric vehicles (EVs) at the right time based on the amount of charging demand, which if not paid attention to, can affect the network power profile. In this article, the effect of charging EVs in fast charging stations on the voltage profile and power factor in the IEEE Bus‐33 standard network is investigated. Therefore, a mathematical model is used to model the problem that the parameters of EV arrival time to charging stations, EV charging time, number of charging times, EV status of charging (SOC), distance traveled by the EV are considered as model variables. In this article, four charging stations are considered for each fast‐charging station. The power rate that each station in the fast‐charging station receives from the network is considered 200 kW. So, if all stations are charged simultaneously, the charging station will receive 800 kW of electricity from the grid. There are also 300 EVs in the network, each charging time in fast charging stations is less than 10 minutes. To control the charge and power of cars, the FOPID controller has been used to determine the optimal coefficients through the application of a genetic algorithm (GA). The simulation results showed that in the uncontrolled reactive power mode, the voltage range in the busbars to which the charging stations are connected is less than the standard value (0.95 p.u) in the interval, but using FOPID‐GA controller, we will be able to increase the voltage range and improve the power factor of the distribution system about 10.26% by controlling the reactive power of the vehicles.