bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salidroside protects against premature senescence induced by ultraviolet B irradiation in human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Mao G.‐X. , Xing W.‐M. , Wen X.‐L. , Jia B.‐B. , Yang Z.‐X. , Wang Y.‐Z. , Jin X.‐Q. , Wang G.‐F. , Yan J.
Published: January 2015

Synopsis

Objectives

Salidroside, the predominant component of a Chinese herbal medicine, Rhodiola rosea L., becomes an attractive bio‐agent due to its multifunction. Although it is well proposed that this herbal medicine may have photoprotective effect according to the folk hearsay, the direct supportive experimental evidences linking the drug with skin ageing have rarely been reported so far. The study was conducted to investigate the photoprotective role of salidrosdie and its related mechanisms in vitro.

Methods

First, a premature senescence model induced by UVB irradiation (250 mJ cm−2) in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) was established, and senescent phenotypes were evaluated by cell morphology, cell proliferation, senescence‐associated beta‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) activity and cell cycle distribution. Then the photoprotective effect of salidroside was investigated. Cells were pre‐treated with various doses of salidroside (1, 5 and 10 μM) followed by the sublethal dosage of UVB exposure and then were harvested for various detections, including senescence‐associated phenotypes and molecules, alteration of oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) secretion and inflammatory response.

Results

Pre‐treatment of salidroside dose dependently reversed the senescent state of HDFs induced by UVB as evidenced by elevated cell viability, decreased SA‐β‐gal activity and relieving of G1/G0 cell cycle arrest. UVB‐induced increased protein expression of cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21WAF1 and p16INK4 was also repressed by salidrosdie treatment in a dose‐dependent manner. Meanwhile, the increment of malondialdehyde (MDA) level in UVB‐irradiated HDFs was inhibited upon salidroside treatment. Additionally, salidroside significantly attenuated UVB‐induced synthesis of MMP‐1 as well as the production of IL‐6 and TNF‐α in HDFs.

Conclusion

Our data provided the evidences for the protective role of salidroside against UVB‐induced premature senescence in HDFs probably via its anti‐oxidative property and inhibition on production of MMP‐1 and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, which indicated its potential utilization as an active ingredient in the preparation of photoprotective formulation.
Application of chitosan–alginate microspheres for the sustained release of bacteriophage in simulated gastrointestinal conditions
Authors: Kim Songrae , Jo Ara , Ahn Juhee
Published: January 2015

This study was designed to evaluate the acid stability, release property and antimicrobial efficacy of Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacteriophages encapsulated in chitosan–alginate microspheres under the simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The bacteriophages belonging to Myoviridae family were stable at the pH above 4 in trypticase soy broth. The chitosan–alginate microspheres exhibited protective effect on the viability of bacteriophages in the simulated gastric conditions at pH 2.0 and pH 2.5, showing 4.8 and 5.6 log PFU mL‐1, respectively, after 1 h of incubation at 37 °C. The release per cent of bacteriophages from microspheres gradually increased up to 65% in the simulated intestinal condition (pH 7.5) at 37 °C for 6 h. The lytic efficacy of chitosan‐ and alginate‐encapsulated bacteriophages against E. coli O157:H7 was significantly maintained in the simulated intestinal conditions to 10 h of incubation (1.3 log reduction). The results suggest that the chitosan–alginate microspheres can be used as a reliable delivery system for bacteriophages.
To do good might hurt bad: Exploring nurses' understanding and approach to suffering in forensic psychiatric settings
Authors: Vincze Mattias , Fredriksson Lennart , Wiklund Gustin Lena
Published: January 2015

Patients in forensic psychiatric settings not only have to deal with their mental illness, but also memories of criminal activities and being involuntarily hospitalized. The aim of the present study was to explore how nurses working in forensic psychiatric services understand and approach patients' experiences of suffering. Data were generated by semistructured interviews with psychiatric nurses from two different forensic psychiatric units in Sweden. Data were analysed by means of a hermeneutic approach inspired by Ricoeur's hermeneutics. The findings are reflected in four main themes: (i) ignoring suffering; (ii) explaining suffering as a natural and inevitable part of daily life in the forensic context; (iii) ascribing meaning to suffering; and, (iv) being present in suffering. To engage in alleviating suffering is a struggle that demands courage and the strength to reflect on its character and consequences. To encounter suffering means that nurses are not only confronted with patients' suffering, but also their own reactions to those patients. If suffering is not recognized or encountered, there is a risk that actions may have a negative impact on patients.
Computer‐aided graphical reconstructions of the development of murine dental primordia and surrounding structures from day 12 until birth
Authors: Radlanski Ralf J. , Mocker Evelyn , Rahlfs Dirk
Published: January 2015

There are studies that discuss spatial impediment as an important co‐factor during tooth morphogenesis, especially to the cuspal folding pattern in relation to the space available for the primordium. The aim of this study is to give a description of the 3‐dimensional aspect of the dental primordia of the NMRI mouse in relation to their surrounding hard tissue structures, and covering all prenatal stages from lamina to late bell. Serial histological sections were prepared from 31 specimens of NMRI mice from intrauterine days 12–19 (birth), and computer‐aided 3D‐reconstructions were made from light microscopic traces. During the early stages of days 12–15, the bony structures were too far away to exert a direct mechanical influence. However, from day 16 on (early bell stage in molar primordia), partial bony encapsulations with distances around 100 μm were found. Up to birth, when the folding pattern of the inner enamel epithelium became more prominent, a progressive bony encapsulation, with distances reduced to 40 μm, could be seen. Spatial impediment may be a possible co‐factor in bell stages of dental morphogenesis.
Expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 during mouse odontogenesis
Authors: Bloch‐Zupan A. , Leveillard T. , Gorry P. , Fausser J. L. , Ruch J. V.
Published: January 2015

p21WAF1/CIP1 is a cyclin‐dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor. This protein may function during development as an inducible growth inhibitor that contributes to cell cycle exit and differentiation. The expression pattern of p21 during mouse embryogenesis was correlated with terminal differentiation of multiple cell lineages including skeletal muscles, cartilage, skin and nasal epithelium. p21 expression was analyzed by in situ hybridization during odontogenesis as well as during in vitro tooth development in chemically defined medium with or without retinoic acid. p21 transcripts were detected in the restricted area of the inner dental epithelium during late cap and initial bell stages and then confined to the post‐mitotic odontoblasts and ameloblasts. The replicating cells were devoid of any signal. The distribution of p2l mRNA in vitro, whatever the culture conditions, was similar to the in vivo pattern. p21 protein immunolocalization was superimposed on the transcripts distribution but more restricted in ameloblasts. TGFβ1 is known to induce p21 expression. During dental cytodifferentiations, TGFβ1 and p21 expressions overlap. Growth inhibition by TGFβ1 may be associated with p21 induction.
Basement membrane‐like structures occurring on the surface of dental papilla mesenchymal cells during odontogenesis in the monkey Macaca fuscata
Authors: Sawada Takashi , Inoue Sadayuki
Published: January 2015

The aim of this study was to examine the nature of a basement membrane‐like structure occurring along the surface of dental papilla cells during odontogenesis. The tooth germs of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) were prepared for both ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies. Characteristic discrete structures which resembled basement membranes were observed along the surface of the dental papilla cells, preodontoblasts, and also of the odontoblasts. Immunoperoxidase staining showed that these structures contained major basement membrane components including laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, type IV collagen, as well as fibroneetin. They tended to be less prominent along dental pulp fibroblasts and fully developed odontoblasts in comparison with those along the papilla cells localized close to the basement membrane of the inner enamel epithelium. Therefore, possible roles of these basement membrane‐like structures would be: 1) to support the cells, 2) to momentarily secure the appropriate positions of differentiating mesenchymal cells, and 3) to regulate epithelial‐mesenchymal interactions for odontoblast differentiation.
Developmental role of PTHrP in murine molars
Authors: Liu Ji‐Guang , Tabata Makoto J. , Yamashita Kazuo , Matsumura Tatsushi , Iwamoto Masahiro , Kurisu Kojiro
Published: January 2015

Although PTHrP is produced in multiple fetal tissues, its precise physiological functions have yet to be clearly elucidated. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the biological role of PTHrP in the development of tooth. In rat tooth germs, the PTHrP and its receptor genes were expressed in the enamel organ and dental mesenchyme, respectively. When mouse tooth explants were cultured with antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODN) against mouse PTHrP mRNA in serum‐free medium, an invasion of bone tissue was observed in the tooth germs. On the other hand, the explants cultured without ODN or with sense ODN showed normal histological structures similar to those observed in vivo. These results suggest that PTHrP is essential for tooth development and for the protection of tooth germs from the invasion of bone tissue.
Six decades of dentinogenesis research
Authors: Ritchie Helena H. , Ritchie David G. , Wang Lee‐Ho
Published: January 2015

The molecular basis underlying the mineralization process associated with the conversion of predentin to dentin is poorly understood. What is clear is that a unique set of non‐collagenous proteins (NCPs) participate in the nucleation process and in hydroxyapatite growth during dentin formation. Phosphophoryn (PP), the most abundant NCP in dentin, is secreted by odontoblasts and appears at the mineralization front. Dentin sialoprotein (DSP), another NCP, also appears at the mineralization front, but only accounts for 5–8% of the weight of dentin NCPs. Functionally, PP is believed to be directly involved in the nucleation process by virtue of its ability to bind to collagen type I, and its high affinity for calcium ions. Based on the analysis of the putative rat PP amino acid sequence, this latter activity is believed due to the highly phosphorylated character of PP, which results from the dual actions of casein kinases I and II at selected domains within PP. The precise role of DSP is currently unknown. In situ studies demonstrate that DSP is substantially expressed in odontoblasts and transiently expressed in preameloblasts. However, no information is currently available to directly explain DSP's role in mineralization. Genetically, we and others have now identified a novel DSP‐PP bicistronic mammalian transcriptional unit, suggesting that the functional roles of these two NCPs may also be tightly coupled with respect to dentinogenesis. Certainly, further exciting studies are now needed to explain how this DSP‐PP transcriptional unit is finally expressed; whether DSP and PP associate with one another, or with collagen at the mineralization front; and how selective mutations in either gene may influence dentin mineralization.
Calcium‐ and hydroxyapatite‐binding properties of glucuronic acid‐rich and iduronic acid‐rich glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans
Authors: Embery Graham , Rees Sarah , Hall Rachel , Rose Keith , Waddington Rachel , Shellis Peter
Published: January 2015

This study describes the interaction of a small chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan and the glycosaminoglycans chondroitin 4‐sulphate, dermatan sulphate and heparan sulphate with hydroxyapatite. All macromolecules possessed a high affinity, with the iduronic acid‐rich dermatan sulphate and heparan sulphate displaying higher adsorption maxima than the glucuronic acid‐rich chondroitin 4‐sulphate. At similar concentrations, dermatan sulphate produced a 30% inhibition of hydroxyapatite‐induced crystal growth, whilst chondroitin 4‐sulphate yielded 50% inhibition. Estimation of the calcium binding capacity of these glycosaminoglycans using equilibrium dialysis indicated that chondroitin 4‐sulphate bound five times more calcium than dermatan sulphate at a calcium concentration similar to that of serum. The data indicate a possible important role for chondroitin 4‐sulphate in dentinogenesis where it is the dominant glycosaminoglycan, since it could act as a capture point for calcium ions during mineralisation, with the leucine‐rich domain of its parent proteoglycan acting as anchor points to type I collagen.
Sequential expression of an amelin gene in mesenchymal and epithelial cells during odontogenesis in rats
Authors: Fong Cheng Dan , Černý Radim , Hammarström Lars , Slaby Ivan
Published: January 2015

Novel mRNA isoforms encoding the enamel matrix proteins amelin‐1, amelin‐2 and ameloblastin have been recently described. We have applied detailed immunohistochemical as well as non‐radioactive in situ hybridization analyses to follow amelin‐1 expression in developing rat incisors and molars. We constructed an expression vector, overproduced recombinant amelin in Escherichia coli and prepared an antibody. In addition to the previously reported amelin mRNA expression patterns in ameloblasts, the amelin message was also detected in puipal mesenchymal cells including preodontoblasts and young odontoblasts. The signal in these cells persisted until deposition of mantle dentin became evident. The immunolocalization of amelin‐1 in preodontoblasts and ameloblasts essentially followed the pattern of mRNA expression. The most intense staining was found in the enamel matrix adjacent to secretory ameloblasts. Focal accumulations of immunoreactive material were found at the dentinoenamel junction during the maturation stage. Also, using 5′‐RACE (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends) we could confirm only amelin‐1 and ameloblastin messages in the total RNA pool from rat molars and conclude that amelin‐2 is a truncated form of ameloblastin. The sequential expression of amelin in mesenchymal and epithelial cells suggests it plays a role in cell differentiation during early tooth development.
Changes in the cytoskeleton of cells within the periodontal ligament and dental pulp of the rat first molar tooth during ageing
Authors: Moxham Bernard John , Webb Philip Patrick , Benjamin Michael , Ralphs James Robert
Published: January 2015

The periodontal ligament and dental pulp connective tissues are foetal‐like, and their process of ageing may therefore differ from other tissues of mesenchymal origin. Several studies have already highlighted the lack of age changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM), but more needs to be known about cellular changes. For this study, tissues from the first molar teeth of Wistar rats aged 12 wk and 104 wk were compared by immunolocalisation of cytoskeletal components. Tissues from the first molar were immunostained, employing a panel of 16 monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratins, vimentin, F‐actin and tubulin. Within the pulp, labelling for vimentin in both odontoblasts and pulpal fibroblasts and F‐actin in the cell processes of odontoblasts was detected at both ages but with marked reduction in labelling in the older tissue. Within the periodontal ligament, vimentin labelling was weaker in the aged tissue, especially nearer the cementum. More significantly, the fibroblasts of the aged periodontal ligament expressed cytokeratin 19. In contrast to reports of little age change to the ECM, the cells of the pulp, and particularly the periodontal ligament, show marked changes to their cytoskeletal components.
SEM and EDS analysis of calcospherites in human teeth
Authors: Mishima Hiroyuki , Kozawa Yukishige
Published: January 2015

The present study was designed to characterize the morphology and composition of calcospherites in the coronal and root predentin of human permanent teeth by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning electron microscopy – energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS). Human incisors, premolars, and molars were used. The calcospherites in the coronal predentin were globular and 10–20 μm in diameter. The calcospherites in the root predentin were smaller and their shape was different. Polygonal calcospherites and stellate calcospherites were observed in the intermediate region of the root predentin. Calcospherites were rarely present in the apical region of the root predentin. Calcified matrix fibers were observed in the apical region of the root predentin. The Ca/P molar ratio in crown calcospherites (1.63 ± 0.27) differed significantly from that in root calcospherites (1.46 ± 0.28). Sulfur was detected from the cervical region to the root region, but not in the horn region. Odontoblast activity and the local environment of the predentin are thought to determine the shape, size, and composition of calcospherites
Osteonectin RNA and collagen α1(I) RNA in the developing rat maxilla
Authors: Liao Haihong , Brandsten Catharina , Lundmark Carin , Christersson Cecilia , Wurtz Tilmann
Published: January 2015

The sequence of rat osteonectin mRNA was determined. Comparison with osteonectin (ON) mRNA sequences of other vertebrates showed a great similarity, but a stretch of codons deviated with respect to another rat strain, suggesting the possibility of two ON variants in rats. Northern blots exhibited one band of ON mRNA only. The expression of ON and collagen α1(I) RNA in tissues of the developing rat maxilla was studied by in situ hybridization. Both ON and collagen α1(I) RNA were observed concomitantly in osteoblasts, starting from the onset of bone formation at day 17 post coitum through the oldest age examined, day 20 after birth. A strict co‐expression of the two sequences was also observed in odontoblasts as well as in fibroblasts of the periodontal ligament. In ameloblasts, neither ON nor collagen α1(I) RNA was detected under stringent hybridization conditions, but lower stringency led to an ON signal. Considering that ON is a secretory protein and the high stability of the ON mRNA, the co‐expression of collagen α1(I) and ON RNA sequences in matrix‐forming cells provided evidence that ON is a substantial component of collagen matrices.
Activated adult human alveolar bone cells: a new model of matrix mineralization
Authors: Nefussi Jean‐Raphaël , Casamajor Philippe , Serfaty Raphaël , Bolle Marcelle , Hugly Claude , Forest Nadine
Published: January 2015

Activated adult human alveolar bone cells were isolated from 2‐wk‐old osteogenic tissue recuperated from dental implant surgeries following a two‐step procedure. Osteogenic tissues were cultured as explant for 2 months. Cells began to migrate in the first 3 d and were confluent in 3–4 wk. However, adjacent to the explants, multicellular cell layers began to form in 10 d, and matrix mineralization was observed by 4 wk in these areas. These formations enlarged and by the end of the culture period, large diffuse matrix mineralization areas were observed. Light and electron microscopic observations confirmed the presence of a collagen matrix undergoing a mineralization process but showing important differences with the mineralized matrix tissue formed with a rat embryo calvaria bone cell system. This new model, using activated human alveolar bone cells, may provide a tool to investigate alveolar bone development and physiology and to set up new therapeutic approaches.
Innervation of the periodontal ligament in the alligatorid Caiman crocodilius
Authors: Tadokoro Osamu , Mishima Hiroyuki , Maeda Takeyasu , Kozawa Yukishige
Published: January 2015

The mode of development and structure of crocodilian teeth and periodontium parallels that of mammals, but the teeth are continuously replaced throughout the lifetime of those animals. In this report, the innervation and fibres of the crocodilian periodontal ligament were examined using histology, immunohistochemistry for S‐100 protein and transmission electron microscopy. Crocodilian periodontal ligaments had the following characteristics: (1) horizontal fibres, which connect the alveolar bone to the root cementum and (2) longitudinal fibres, which ran parallel to the tooth axis, with nerves and blood vessels in the middle layer of the ligament. The apex of root and tooth germs were both embedded in thick circular fibres. S‐100 protein was detected in neural elements including terminal portions which were densely distributed in the periodontal ligament and dental follicle. The S‐100 positive neural elements formed a periodontal plexus. We found two types of nerve endings; free endings and simple encapsulated corpuscles as described in mammals. The presence of such nerve endings in caiman suggests that these teeth, in addition to having a biting function, may also act as highly sensitive sensory organs.
Utilisation par les analystes des informations non financières publiées
Authors: SIMPSON ANA
Published: January 2015

L’auteure examine comment les analystes traitent l’information non financière et comment ce traitement est influencé par le profil des entreprises en ce qui a trait à la publication d’informations non financières. Elle se penche plus précisément sur le lien entre les erreurs des analystes dans les prévisions de résultats et la régularité de la publication d’informations non financières, selon des variables de contenu en information et de temps. L’étude est centrée sur les entreprises du secteur de la communication sans fil et la période s’échelonnant de 1997 à 2007. Les résultats révèlent que les analystes ont tendance à réagir de façon trop modérée aux informations contenues dans le coût d’acquisition de clients, le revenu moyen par utilisateur et le nombre d’abonnés. Ces données sont les indicateurs de performance qui ont un pouvoir prédictif important pour ce qui est des résultats futurs des entreprises de communication sans fil. L’établissement de la distinction entre les entreprises en fonction de leur profil de publication d’informations non financières révèle que les constatations qui précèdent touchent principalement les entreprises qui se caractérisent par l’irrégularité de la publication d’informations. Rien ne permet de conclure à l’inefficacité des analystes dans l’évaluation du contenu des indicateurs non financiers fournis par les entreprises qui publient des informations avec régularité. Ces observations signifient que le manque de régularité dans la publication d’indicateurs de performance restreint la capacité des analystes financiers d’analyser en profondeur l’apport de ces indicateurs pour ce qui est des résultats futurs.
L’incidence de l’information privilégiée et du contrôle continu sur le rôle de la qualité de la comptabilité dans les décisions d’investissement
Authors: BEATTY ANNE , SCOTT LIAO W. , WEBER JOSEPH
Published: January 2015

Les auteurs étudient comment l’information privilégiée et le contrôle continu influent sur le rôle de la qualité de la comptabilité dans la réduction de la sensibilité des investissements aux flux de trésorerie. Selon eux, l’accès à l’information privilégiée et les restrictions directes dont les investissements font l’objet sont susceptibles d’influer sur la mesure dans laquelle la qualité de la comptabilité réduit les contraintes financières. Les résultats de l’étude semblent indiquer que, dans le cas des sociétés soumises à des contraintes financières, l’accès des banques à l’information privilégiée atténue l’importance de la qualité de la comptabilité. Les auteurs constatent en outre que dans les sociétés, qu’elles soient ou non soumises à des contraintes financières, les clauses restrictives qui s’appliquent directement aux dépenses en immobilisations atténuent également l’importance de la qualité de la comptabilité. Les résultats de l’étude donnent à penser que, si les problèmes d’asymétrie de l’information sont susceptibles d’être très importants, la qualité de la comptabilité est elle aussi très importante. Toutefois, l’importance de la qualité de la comptabilité est moindre si les bailleurs de fonds externes ont accès à l’information privilégiée, et elle est nulle si ces bailleurs de fonds imposent à la société des restrictions contractuelles applicables aux investissements. Les auteurs démontrent également que l’accès des banques à l’information privilégiée réduit la sensibilité des liquidités aux flux de trésorerie et atténue l’importance de la qualité de la comptabilité dans la réduction de cette sensibilité. Cette preuve supplémentaire indique, semble‐t‐il, que les résultats obtenus par les auteurs en ce qui a trait à la sensibilité des investissements aux flux de trésorerie ne sont pas le fait d’une erreur de mesure de l’ensemble des occasions d’investissement.
Calibration and Verification of SWMM for Low Impact Development
Authors: Rosa David J. , Clausen John C. , Dietz Michael E.
Published: January 2015

The Storm Water Management Model was used to simulate runoff and nutrient export from a low impact development (LID) watershed and a watershed using traditional runoff controls. Predictions were compared to observed values. Uncalibrated simulations underpredicted weekly runoff volume and average peak flow rates from the multiple subcatchment LID watershed by over 80%; the single subcatchment traditional watershed had better predictions. Saturated hydraulic conductivity, Manning's n for swales, and initial soil moisture deficit were sensitive parameters. After calibration, prediction of total weekly runoff volume for the LID and traditional watersheds improved to within 12 and 5% of observed values, respectively. For the validation period, predicted total weekly runoff volumes for the LID and traditional watersheds were within 6 and 2% of observed values, respectively. Water quality simulation was less successful, Nash–Sutcliffe coefficients >0.5 for both calibration and validation periods were only achieved for prediction of total nitrogen export from the LID watershed. Simulation of a 100‐year, 24‐h storm resulted in a runoff coefficient of 0.46 for the LID watershed and 0.59 for the traditional watershed. Results suggest either calibration is needed to improve predictions for LID watersheds or expanded look‐up tables for Green–Ampt infiltration parameter values that account for compaction of urban soil and antecedent conditions are needed.
Problem Behaviors of Children Adopted From the FormerSovietUnion
Authors: Robinson Cheryl B. , McGuinness Teena M. , Azuero Andres , Pallansch Leona
Published: January 2015

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to report the results of behavioral assessments collected at three time points of a cohort of children adopted from the formerSovietUnion with particular emphasis on the impact of the adoptive family on problem behaviors.

Problem

Families adopting from the former USSR are concerned about the influence of pre‐adoptive circumstances on their child's future health.

Methods

The study utilized data gathered in 1998 when the children's mean age was close to 8 years, in 2001 when the children were entering early adolescence, and in 2006 when the average age of the children was just over 15 years. The authors hypothesized that the negative impact of risk factors decreases over time, and that a family environment that is stable and supportive is inversely related to problem behaviors. TheChildBehaviorChecklist, theFamilyEnvironmentScale, and a parental report form were used for data collection.

Findings

Significant relationships between family environment and problem behaviors over time were found, with lower levels of conflict and higher levels of cohesion associated to lower problem behaviors. Being female does contribute to problem behavior with the passage of time.

Conclusion

Although the magnitude of these effects was small to moderate, a protective family environment may assist in decreasing problem behaviors.
Hyaluronan in non‐surgical and surgical periodontal therapy: a systematic review
Authors: Bertl Kristina , Bruckmann Corinna , Isberg Per‐Erik , Klinge Björn , Gotfredsen Klaus , Stavropoulos Andreas
Published: January 2015

Aim

To evaluate the effect of hyaluronan (HY) application as monotherapy or as adjunct to non‐surgical and/or surgical periodontal therapy.

Methods

Literature search was performed according to PRISMA guidelines with the following main eligibility criteria: (a) English or German language; (b) pre‐clinical in vivo or human controlled trials; (c) effect size of HY evaluated histologically or clinically.

Results

Two pre‐clinical in vivo studies on surgical treatment and 12 clinical trials on non‐surgical and/or surgical treatment were included. Most of the studies were highly heterogeneous, regarding with HY product used and application mode, and of high risk of bias, thus not allowing meta‐analysis. The majority of clinical studies described a beneficial, occasionally statistically significant, effect of HY on bleeding on probing (BoP) and pocket depth (PD) reduction (2.28–19.5% and 0.2–0.9 mm, respectively), comparing to controls; no adverse effects were reported.

Conclusions

Hyaluronan application as adjunct to non‐surgical and surgical periodontal treatment seems to have a beneficial, generally moderate, effect on surrogate outcome variables of periodontal inflammation, i.e., BoP and residual PD, and appears to be safe. The large heterogeneity of included studies, does not allow recommendations on the mode of application or effect size of HY as adjunct to non‐surgical and surgical periodontal treatment.
Contact allergy in Indonesian patients with foot eczema attributed to shoes
Authors: Febriana S.A. , Soebono H. , Coenraads P.J. , Schuttelaar M.L.A.
Published: January 2015

Background

Shoe dermatitis is a form of contact dermatitis resulting from exposure to shoes. Allergens and types of shoes responsible may vary depending on manufacturing techniques, climatic conditions and indigenous traditions. This study focuses primarily on as yet unexplored shoe dermatitis cases in Indonesia.

Objective

To determine the prevalence of shoe dermatitis in the Dermatology outpatient clinic, Sardjito University Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia over a period of 3 years and to identify the responsible allergens.

Methods

All patients meeting screening criteria for possible shoe contact dermatitis were patch tested with the European baseline series, shoe series and additional series based on earlier studies of Indonesian leather and shoe manufacturers; some were also patch tested with their own shoe materials and shoe extracts.

Results

Sixty‐four (7.1%) of 903 patients with foot skin disorders were diagnosed with shoe dermatitis. Twenty‐five (52.1%) of 48 patch‐tested patients showed positive reactions to one or more allergens related to footwear. Sixteen patients were patch tested with their own shoe materials; 11 showed positive reactions. The most frequent relevant sensitizers were rubber allergens followed by preservatives, shoe adhesives and leather materials.

Conclusion

Shoe dermatitis is common in Indonesia. Using three series of patch tests, we identified responsible allergens and patterns of sensitization in Indonesian shoe dermatitis patients.
Linear trichilemmoma following a blaschkoid pattern: a clinical dilemma
Authors: Jha A.K. , Prasad S. , Sinha R.
Published: January 2015

Background

Trichilemmoma are benign adnexal neoplasm with follicular outer sheath differentiation. It usually appears as single or multiple papules that resembles colour of the surrounding skin. They are most commonly seen on the face particularly on the nose and cheek.

Objectives

We report a case of linear trichilemmoma following blaschkoid pattern.

Methods

A 13 year old boy presenting with asymptomatic plaque on the right side of the nose was fully evaluated for possible cause.

Results

On histopathology, a diagnosis of trichilemmoma was made.

Conclusion

This is the first case report where linear trichilemmoma following a blaschkoid pattern is seen.
European S1 guideline for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa
Authors: Zouboulis C.C. , Desai N. , Emtestam L. , Hunger R.E. , Ioannides D. , Juhász I. , Lapins J. , Matusiak L. , Prens E.P. , Revuz J. , Schneider‐Burrus S. , Szepietowski J.C. , van der Zee H.H. , Jemec G.B.E.
Published: January 2015

Hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory, recurrent, debilitating skin disease of the hair follicle that usually presents after puberty with painful, deep‐seated, inflamed lesions in the apocrine gland‐bearing areas of the body, most commonly the axillae, inguinal and anogenital regions. A mean disease incidence of 6.0 per 100 000 person‐years and an average prevalence of 1% has been reported in Europe. HS has the highest impact on patients' quality of life among all assessed dermatological diseases. HS is associated with a variety of concomitant and secondary diseases, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, e.g. Crohn's disease, spondyloarthropathy, follicular occlusion syndrome and other hyperergic diseases. The central pathogenic event in HS is believed to be the occlusion of the upper part of the hair follicle leading to a perifollicular lympho‐histiocytic inflammation. A highly significant association between the prevalence of HS and current smoking (Odds ratio 12.55) and overweight (Odds ratio 1.1 for each body mass index unit) has been documented. The European S1 HS guideline suggests that the disease should be treated based on its individual subjective impact and objective severity. Locally recurring lesions can be treated by classical surgery or LASER techniques, whereas medical treatment either as monotherapy or in combination with radical surgery is more appropriate for widely spread lesions. Medical therapy may include antibiotics (clindamycin plus rifampicine, tetracyclines), acitretin and biologics (adalimumab, infliximab). A Hurley severity grade‐relevant treatment of HS is recommended by the expert group following a treatment algorithm. Adjuvant measurements, such as pain management, treatment of superinfections, weight loss and tobacco abstinence have to be considered.
Behavioural response of the woodwasp Sirex noctilio to volatile emissions of its fungal symbiont
Authors: Fernández Ajó A. A. , Martínez A. S. , Villacide J. M. , Corley J. C.
Published: January 2015

The wood‐boring wasp, Sirex noctilio, is a global invasive pest that infects and kills pine trees by inoculating spores of a symbiotic fungus (Amylostereum areolatum) at oviposition. Wasp larvae depend on fungal growth to feed, while the fungus relies on female wasps to initially condition the pine tree by inoculating a phytotoxic venom and for dispersal. Wasp larvae use the fungus as an external gut for the digestion of lignocellulosic compounds resulting in a strong correlation between fungal growth inside the wood and wasp fitness. This study explores the hypothesis that female wasps will use fungal volatiles as a synomone in the process of locating suitable oviposition areas (i.e. trees). Using a Y‐tube olfactometer, adult female wasp behaviour was assessed towards fungal and pine tree volatiles (i.e. positive control). Our results are the first to demonstrate attraction of female S. noctilio towards volatiles of their fungal symbiont. Furthermore, the positive response towards these volatiles seems to be stronger than the response to a known attractant (i.e. pine volatiles). These results could be an important contribution to improving baits for monitoring and control purposes. Further work is needed, mainly oriented towards the identification of the volatiles that trigger the observed attraction response and their possible synergistic effects with tree volatiles.
Dual Jaw Treatment of Edentulism Using Implant‐Supported Monolithic Zirconia Fixed Prostheses
Authors: AlTarawneh Sandra , Limmer Bryan , Reside Glenn J. , Cooper Lyndon
Published: January 2015

This case report describes restoration of the edentulous maxilla and mandible with implant supported fixed prostheses using monolithic zirconia, where the incisal edges and occluding surfaces were made of monolithic zirconia. Edentulism is a debilitating condition that can be treated with either a removable or fixed dental prosthesis. The most common type of implant‐supported fixed prosthesis is the metal acrylic (hybrid), with ceramo‐metal prostheses being used less commonly in complete edentulism. However, both of these prostheses designs are associated with reported complications of screw loosening or fracture and chipping of acrylic resin and porcelain. Monolithic zirconia implant‐supported fixed prostheses have the potential for reduction of such complications. In this case, the CAD/CAM concept was utilized in fabrication of maxillary and mandibular screw‐retained implant‐supported fixed prostheses using monolithic zirconia. Proper treatment planning and execution coupled with utilizing advanced technologies contributes to highly esthetic results. However, long‐term studies are required to guarantee a satisfactory long‐term outcome of this modality of treatment.

Clinical Significance

This case report describes the clinical and technical procedures involved in fabrication of maxillary and mandibular implant‐supported fixed prostheses using monolithic zirconia as a treatment of edentulism, and proposes the possible advantages associated with using monolithic zirconia in eliminating dissimilar interfaces in such prostheses that are accountable for the most commonly occurring technical complication for these prostheses being chipping and fracture of the veneering material.
Cytoalbuminologic dissociation in Asian patients with Guillain‐Barré and Miller Fisher syndromes
Authors: Wong Anna Hiu Yi , Umapathi Thirugnanam , Nishimoto Yukihiro , Wang Yu Zhong , Chan Yee Cheun , Yuki Nobuhiro
Published: January 2015

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein level, cell count, and its relationship to the timing of lumbar puncture were collected from patients with Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) and Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) from various Asian centers. A total of 507 patients with GBS were studied. Overall, 56% had elevated CSF protein level. This was significantly lower than that reported in a recent Dutch study (56% vs 64%). Cytoalbuminologic dissociation was also lower in the Asian cohort (55% vs 64%), with a significantly higher proportion of patients with mild pleocytosis (26% vs 15%). A lower proportion of the 164 patients with MFS had elevated CSF protein level (38% vs 56%), mild pleocytosis (11% vs 26%), and cytoalbuminologic dissociation (41% vs 55%) compared to patients with GBS. In both conditions, cytoalbuminologic dissociation was linked to the timing of lumbar puncture. Cytoalbuminologic dissociation was only observed in half of the Asian patients with GBS and MFS, and it is strongly dependent on the timing of the lumbar puncture.
Marriage and child bearing in patients with transfusion‐dependent thalassemia major
Authors: Zafari Mandana , Kosaryan Mehrnoush
Published: January 2015

Aim

With good care, patients with transfusion‐dependent thalassemia major (TDTM) can reach older ages, marry and reproduce. This study was conducted by the Thalassemia Research Center.

Material and Methods

Medical notes of all TDTM patients and all non‐transfusion‐dependent thalassemia major (NTDTM) patients were reviewed from July to December 2012. Also, patients were interviewed. The questionnaire was made in consultation with research methodology experts and reliability was achieved by a pilot study of 12 patients, by the test–retest method (r = 0.9). Epidemiologic characteristics of patients and the pregnancy outcomes were recorded. Descriptive statistics were used with spss 17.

Results

Four hundred and nineteen medical records were reviewed. Three hundred and forty‐five (82.5%) were TDTM. One hundred and seventy‐five (50.7%) were female with a mean age of 25.4 ± 7.05 years and 42 (25%) had been married. Mean age of menarche and marriage was 15.4 ± 1.6 and 21.8 ± 4.5 years, respectively. Total number of live children is nine so far. Mode of delivery in female patients was cesarean section. Almost 78% of newborns weighed 2500–4000 g. Almost 22% of pregnancies were assisted. Male patients consisted of 170 (49.3%) and 55 (32.3%) of them had been married. Mean age at marriage was 24.27 ± 3.5 years.

Conclusions

With better management, patients with TDTM can reach the age of reproduction. Medical teams should be prepared for this possibility.
Naturalistic decision making through argumentation: Resolving labour disputes
Authors: Ramiah Sivanes P. , Banks Adrian P.
Published: January 2015

Naturalistic decision making (NDM) research has been successful in describing fast, intuitive decision‐making by experts in complex, time‐pressured situations. However, less is known about how experts make naturalistic decisions when they think analytically. Previous research suggests that this process involves constructing a story of the situation to explain and simulate the consequences of decisions, but we hypothesize that explicit argumentation is valuable when it is necessary to demonstrate the accuracy of a decision and to explicitly resolve inconsistent and uncertain information. This study investigates analytic NDM by contrasting experts and novices resolving labour disputes. Fifty expert and novice labour officers resolved labour cases whilst thinking aloud. The verbal protocols were analysed using Toulmin's argument model. Expert decision‐makers made more accurate decisions, used more warrants (in other words, reasoned justifications) during the decision process, and increased use of warrants was associated with accurate decision‐making. In addition, a decision aid was developed in the form of a checklist that encouraged decision‐makers to explicitly consider components of the argument. This increased the frequency of warrants and the decision accuracy of both novice and expert decision‐makers. Together, these findings imply that accurate and expert analytic decision‐making in this domain involves a process of argumentation and in particular the use of explicit warrants linking evidence to conclusions.

Practitioner points

Analytic naturalistic decision making in this domain involves argumentation

Superior decision accuracy arises from exploring more reasoned justifications

A checklist encouraging all components of the argument to be made explicit improves decision accuracy in both novice and expert decision‐makers.
The potential of CD44 as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in oral cancer
Authors: Emich Helena , Chapireau David , Hutchison Iain , Mackenzie Ian
Published: January 2015

The CD44 family of molecules exists as a wide range of isoforms ubiquitously expressed on the surface of mammalian cells. The variation in patterns of CD44 expression on cancer cells has been widely studied in relation to their behaviour, and further interest has recently arisen in CD44 as a marker of the subfraction tumour cells acting as cancer stem cells in several types of tumours. This review focuses on the patterns of CD44 expression on the stem cell fraction of oral squamous cell carcinoma and on the relationship of detectably different patterns of CD44 expression to the behaviour of tumours.
Relations Between Narrative Coherence, Identity, and Psychological Well‐Being in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Waters Theodore E. A. , Fivush Robyn
Published: January 2015

The hypothesis that the ability to construct a coherent account of personal experience is reflective, or predictive, of psychological adjustment cuts across numerous domains of psychological science. It has been argued that coherent accounts of identity are especially adaptive. We tested these hypotheses by examining relations between narrative coherence of personally significant autobiographical memories and three psychological well‐being components (i.e., purpose and meaning, positive self‐view, positive relationships). We also examined the potential moderation of the relations between coherence and well‐being by assessing the identity content of each narrative. We collected two autobiographical narratives of personally significant events from 103 undergraduate students and coded them for coherence and identity content. Two additional narratives about generic/recurring events were also collected and coded for coherence. We confirmed the prediction that constructing coherent autobiographical narratives is related to psychological well‐being. Further, we found that this relation was moderated by the narratives' relevance to identity and that this moderation held after controlling for narrative ability more generally (i.e., coherence of generic/recurring events). These data lend strong support to the coherent narrative identity hypothesis and the prediction that unique events are a critical feature of identity construction in emerging adulthood.
You Are What You See and Choose: Agreeableness and Situation Selection
Authors: Bresin Konrad , Robinson Michael D.
Published: January 2015

Agreeableness positively predicts subjective well‐being, but why does it do so? Recent theorizing has highlighted possible substrates related to emotion regulation. Following suit, the present studies focus on the situation selection stage of the emotion regulation sequence. Undergraduate participants reported on their agreeableness levels and completed a picture‐viewing task (Studies 1 and 2) or a media choice task (Study 3). Studies 1 and 2 found that the tendency to view negative pictures for a longer period of time than positive pictures was evident at low levels of agreeableness and absent at high levels. The Study 3 paradigm asked individuals whether they typically choose to expose themselves to positive or negative stimuli across diverse media sources. Preferences for positive media were more pronounced at higher levels of agreeableness. The results have systematic implications for understanding the emotional lives of disagreeable versus agreeable people.
Perceiving and Wanting to Be Valued by Others: Implications for Cognition, Motivation, and Behavior in Romantic Relationships
Authors: Lemay Edward P. , Spongberg Kerry
Published: January 2015

Two studies examined implications of two individual differences—perception of being valued by others and desire to be valued by others—for romantic relationships. Study 1 included 171 participants involved in romantic relationships (59 males, 112 females) and examined attributions and behavioral intentions in hypothetical scenarios. Study 2 involved 160 heterosexual couples who completed daily reports and/or an observed conflict discussion. Perception of being valued by others and desire to be valued by others independently predicted more pro‐relationship responses and reduced relationship‐destructive responses, including more care, commitment, and regard for partners; more responsive and ingratiating behavior; less negative behavior; and more positive perceptions and behavioral intentions. Perceived and desired interpersonal value were related to attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and trait self‐esteem. However, perceived and desired interpersonal value were superior predictors of relationship outcomes, even in replications of foundational attachment studies. Individual differences in believing that one is valued by others and wanting to be valued by others independently predict relationship maintenance, and these dimensions may be at the core of many effects of attachment dimensions and self‐esteem. These individual differences appear to be important aspects of personality that guide cognition, motivation, and behavior in interpersonal relationships.