bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Das Einvernehmen
Authors: Penner Peter
Published: August 2022

Was ist die Grundlage für das Gelingen eines Gesprächs? Dieser Frage geht der Autor in seiner phänomenologischen Theorie des Konsenses nach. Den Ausgangspunkt für seine Antwort bildet eine Auffassung, der zufolge Subjektivität einen Mangelzustand darstellt, welchem durch Kommunikativität abgeholfen wird. Das Interesse des Autors gilt dabei dem kritischen Punkt, inwieweit es möglich ist, in einem solchen verständigungsorientierten Dialog die Äußerungen eines Anderen »treffen« zu können. Das heißt, die Idee des Konsenses stellt ein Einheitsprinzip zur dialogischen Verknüpfung von Äußerungen dar. Weil aber Übereinstimmung durch Verknüpfung dem individuellen Zugriff dauerhaft entzogen bleibt, entsteht Konsens als Einvernehmen aus einem Wechselspiel von Angebot und Ereignis, so lautet die zentrale These. Subjektivität bedarf deshalb einer Einstellung der Gelassenheit, welche neben die Einstellung der Gerichtetheit tritt und der Stimme des Anderen Raum gewährt. Eine solche Idee des Konsenses dient als universalistische Grenznorm von Verstehen und Verständigung, welche die eigene Sicht der Dinge durch die Einbeziehung anderer Sichtweisen zugleich entgrenzt und begrenzt.
Die kausale Struktur der Welt
Authors: von Wachter Daniel
Published: August 2022

Heute geht man gewöhnlich von der mechanistischen Vorstellung aus, dass jedes Ereignis das Ergebnis eines Kausalvorgangs, eines Prozesses sei. Dass Personen durch freies Handeln direkt Ereignisse hervorbringen könnten, hält man für unmöglich. Lange Zeit hingegen hielt man es gewöhnlich für selbstverständlich, dass Personen Ereignisse hervorbringen können, und fand es schwer vorstellbar, wie etwas Unbelebtes etwas verursachen soll. Dieses Buch kommt zu dem Schluss, dass es eine Vielzahl von Weisen gibt, wie ein Ereignis eintreten kann. Es entwickelt neuartige Auffassungen von Verursachung, Naturgesetzen, Möglichkeit und Willensfreiheit. Dabei wendet es sich von der Methode der Begriffsanalyse als Methode der Philosophie ab. Einige der ungewöhnlichen Thesen, welche das Buch verteidigt: Modale Fragen sind nicht durch eine Analyse von Begriffen zu beantworten; Ursachen sind nie hinreichend für ihre Wirkung; Naturgesetze enthalten keine Aussagen über regelmäßige Abfolgen von Ereignissen; Freie Personen können Kausalvorgänge in Gang setzen; Freie Handlungen sind mit deterministischen Naturgesetzen vereinbar.
Offener Dialog
Authors: Seikkula Jaako , Arnkil Tom Erik
Published: August 2022

Das Buch beschreibt eine Methode, die in Finnland längst erfolgreich ist: Therapieplanung und Kommunikation finden im gemeinsamen Gespräch zwischen behandelndem Team und der Person in der Krise sowie seinem sozialen Netzwerk statt. Die Neuausgabe reflektiert auch Erfahrungen mit der Umsetzung des Konzepts im deutschen Hilfesystem.

Ein Mensch kommt in den Krisendienst oder die psychiatrische Klinik. Umgehend und niedrigschwellig wird sein komplettes Netzwerk aus Angehörigen, Freund*innen, Arbeitgeber*innen aktiviert und zu einem gemeinsamen Gespräch mit dem behandelnden Team eingeladen, um in einem »Offenen Dialog« gemeinsam darüber nachzudenken, wodurch die Handlungskompetenz des Menschen in der Krise gestärkt werden kann.

Bedürfnisorientierung, Mobilität sowie eine spezielle, dialogische Kommunikation in der Therapie sind drei der besonderen Prinzipien dieses Konzepts, das Hospitalisierung vermeiden hilft und die Chancen der Integration ins Arbeitsleben erhöht.
Evaluation of CD34+ Cell Count at Different Time Points Following Plerixafor Administration in Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Tavakoli Ardakani Maria , Ahadi Hamid Reza , Bonakchi Hossein , Parkhideh Sayeh , Tavakoli Farzaneh , Moshari Mohammad Reza , Soleimani Masoud , Hajifathali Abbas
Published: August 2022

Background: In apheresis, collecting an adequate number of CD34+ cells is required for successful autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) procedure. It is difficult to harvest a sufficient number of stem cells in certain patients due to their old age and history of intensive chemotherapy. Plerixafor could mobilize stem cells and facilitate peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell collection. However, not enough information is available on the appropriate time intervals from plerixafor administration to apheresis. Objectives: In this study, we aimed at evaluating the level of peripheral blood CD34+ cells at plerixafor administration time and every three hours to identify the peak time of circulating CD34+ cells. Methods: Circulating CD34+ cells were enumerated by flow cytometry on day 4 post mobilization. Plerixafor was administered to patients with poor mobilization based on the count of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells. The number of circulating CD34+ cells was evaluated before and 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours after plerixafor administration to assess the time it takes for stem cells to reach their peak level. Results: The highest level of stem cell concentration was found in 9 hours after plerixafor administration with an increasing trend. A statistically significant relationship was also observed between factors including platelet count on the first day of GCSF injection and the day of stem cell infusion, leukocyte count on admission, and basal levels of CD34+ cells in peripheral blood and the amount of harvested stem cells. Conclusions: We demonstrated that plerixafor causes an incremental trend in CD34+ cells mobilization, reaching its peak after 9 hours. Further research should be performed to provide insights into graft cells’ population and hematologic and immunological recovery.
Adrenal Lymphoma: Case Reports and Mini-review
Authors: Rezkallah Emad Mofid Nassif , Hanna Ragai Sobhi , Elsaify Wael Magdy
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Adrenal lymphoma is a rare condition which may occur in one of two forms; either as primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL), or secondary to a systemic lymphoma. Primary adrenal lymphoma is a very rare diagnosis and the most common histological pattern is diffuse large B-cell non‑Hodgkin lymphoma. Objectives: In this study, we represent two examples of adrenal lymphoma, primary and secondary. In addition, we have included a mini-review of the literature regarding this rare presentation. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients who were diagnosed with adrenal lymphoma in our hospital. We represent mainly the most two challenging cases where adrenal surgery was required to confirm the diagnosis. We have included a mini-review of the literature (PubMed data base: 1990 - 2020) on the clinical presentation and management of adrenal lymphoma cases. Results: Seventeen patients had adrenal lymphoma in our hospital; 16 of them had secondary involvement of the adrenal gland, while the last one had primary adrenal lymphoma. Patients with adrenal lymphoma mainly present with fever, lumbar pain, and/or symptoms of adrenal insufficiency. Primary adrenal lymphoma usually appears as heterogeneous complex large masses with low density on computerized tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); however, there is no pathognomonic features to diagnose PAL. The diagnosis is confirmed only with tissue biopsy. Chemotherapy is generally the standard treatment for lymphoma, while the role of surgery is limited. Conclusions: The prognosis of these rare cases is generally poor with only about a third of patients achieving partial or complete remission following treatment.
Ocular Delivery of Quercetin Using Microemulsion System: Design, Characterization, and Ex-vivo Transcorneal Permeation
Authors: Moghimipour Eskandar , Farsimadan Negar , Salimi Anayatollah
Published: August 2022

Background: The goal of this research was to design and characterize quercetin microemulsions (MEs) to resolve water solubility issues related to quercetin and improve transcorneal permeation into the eye. Methods: MEs were prepared by the phase diagram method. Oily phase (oleic acid-Transcutol P), surfactant (Tween 80, Span 20), and co-surfactant (propylene glycol) were used to make a quercetin-loaded ME. The size of the droplets, their viscosity, pH, release, flux, and diffusivity were all measured. Results: Droplet diameters in ME samples ranged from 5.31 to 26.07 nanometers. The pH varied from 5.22 to 6.20, and the release test revealed that 98.06 percent of the medication was released during the first 24 hours. The flux and diffusivity coefficients of the ME-QU-8 formulation were 58.8 µg/cm2.h and 0.009 cm2/h, respectively, which were 8.8 and 17.9 times greater than the quercetin aqueous control (0.2 percent). The maximum percentage of drug permeated through rabbit cornea after five hours was 16.11%. Conclusions: It is concluded that ME containing quercetin could increase transcorneal permeation and that permeation could be altered by any change in the composition of the ME formulation. This effect might be caused by structural alterations in the cornea caused by ME components.
Work Experience of Surgical Technologists Under the COVID-19 Disaster: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sadati Leila , Nouri Khaneghah Zahra , Abjar Rana
Published: August 2022

Background: Due to the crisis of shortage of specialized nurses and high workload in intensive care units and emergency departments of hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic, hospital managers had to use nurses and staff in other departments as reinforcements despite their lack of necessary competency to work in those departments. Hence, this study investigated surgical technologists' work experiences during the COVID-19 disaster. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the conventional content analysis method at Alborz University of Medical Sciences. The participants were 42 surgical technologists selected using purposive sampling from 14 hospitals in 10 cities of Iran. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed in MaxQDA2 software using the content analysis method. Results: The results of this study were classified into two main categories, "challenges" and "coping strategies. The first main category consists of three subcategories, "psychological-emotional stress," "managerial crises," and "physical injuries." The second main category also includes three subcategories, "emotion-based strategy," "cognition-based strategy," and "problem-based strategy." Conclusions: The surgical technologists' experience indicated that the COVID-19 crisis posed serious challenges, mostly related to the shortage of protective facilities and the lack of adequate training about self-care and patients in wards with no work experience. Therefore, managers of hospitals should offer appropriate purposive training courses to sufficiently develop their staff's knowledge and competence to manage the crisis in pandemics or epidemics.
Intergenerational Ethics, Moral Ambivalence, and Climate Change
Authors: Hourdequin Marion ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2022

Global climate change raises critical issues of intergenerational ethics. One of these issues involves what Stephen Gardiner calls intergenera­tional buck-passing (IGBP)—a pattern through which each generation does little to address climate change and instead passes the problem along to the next, progressively amplifying the climate crisis over time. My goal in this paper to explore two key questions: (1) What is at the root of intergenera­tional buck-passing? and (2) What changes might help to disrupt it? To an­swer these questions, I argue that we need to understand and address the role of moral ambivalence in reinforcing the status quo and creating friction that impedes climate action. Confronting moral ambivalence may enable more thoughtful and just responses to climate change that support intergenerational solidarity and mutual flourishing.
Evaluation of remote sensing and artificial intelligence as tools to improve the resilience of agriculture production systems
Authors: Wang Wei , Yan Wang
Published: August 2022

In recent decades, based on new developments in data acquisition, processing, and analysis of satellite remote sensing images, various innovations have been proposed to monitor regional or global agricultural production systems’ resilience. This paper reviews the latest advances in satellite remote sensing techniques and artificial intelligence methods for agriculture sustainability assessment, with a special focus on their application to check the resilience of agriculture production systems. We propose a new approach that combines remote sensing and artificial intelligence, which can be used to improve the resilience of agriculture production systems. This approach is based on classifying the vulnerability of an agricultural sector’s production system into one of three categories—high vulnerability, moderate vulnerability, and low vulnerability. A possible application is presented.
Who Can Help a Student to do Their Homework? Reflections on the Knowledge and Beliefs Used to Support Students in Their Individual Work
Authors: Faure Karine Millon , Assude Teresa , Gobert Julie , Winder Claire Guille-Biel
Published: August 2022

This article examines a homework assistance scheme implemented in French secondary schools since 2017, and more specifically the characteristics of the staff members who supervise these sessions. The present study highlights considerable diversity both in the practices observed, but
also in the types of knowledge and beliefs held by the homework assistants. In particular, it seems that the supervising staff rarely has all the a priori knowledge necessary for teaching. This leads us to wonder about the qualities required to be able to support a student in their individual
work, and to consider whether or not it is essential to be a teacher in the subject in question to be able to help with completing homework.
Encouraging Minority Groups in Higher Education: A Case Study of Druze in the IDF Academic Reserve Track
Authors: Harb Lotfi , Davidovitch Nitza , Lewin Eyal
Published: August 2022

Under-representation of minority groups in the academy reflects inequality and lack of social mobilization. The Druze in Israel are a small minority, but they have a unique place in society because they have been serving in the IDF almost since its formation. The IDF maintains an academic
reserve track, where young men and women complete their studies and then serve an extra number of years as professionals. Through in-depth interviews with 30 Druze participants and graduates, this study examines the effects of the academic reserve track on Druze young men, seeking to learn
its impact on their future.
An introduction to harmonic complex numbers and harmonic hybrid Fibonacci numbers: A unified approach
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, Karaca Emel , Yılmaz Fatih ,   Department of Mathematics, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this paper is to define and construct new number systems, called the harmonic complex Fibonacci sequences (HCF) and the harmonic hybrid Fibonacci (HHF) sequences. These sequences are defined by inspiring the well-known harmonic and hybrid numbers in literature. We give some fundamental definitions and theorems about these sequences in detail. Moreover, we examine some algebraic properties such as Binet-like-formula, partial sums related to these sequences. Finally, we provide a Maple 13 source code to verify the sequences easily.
The effects of university students’ fragmented reading on cognitive development in the new media age: evidence from Chinese higher education
Authors: Liu Wei , Huang Heng , Saleem Atif , Zhao Zhongping
Published: August 2022

Introduction

The impacts of fragmented reading have been felt on a huge scale during the new media age. An increasingly fast-paced society and a corresponding drop in theoretical reading have affected reading literacy and cognitive development across communities—and among university students in particular. This study sought to identify the components of fragmented reading and cognitive development and investigate the former’s effects on the latter among university students in the new media age.

Methods

Paper-based and electronic surveys were used to gather demographic and related-reading data from undergraduates at six Chinese universities in early 2021. After testing the data from 916 samples for reliability and validity, descriptive statistics were obtained and path analysis was undertaken using structural equation modeling.

Results

The students reported relatively high levels of fragmented reading, particularly in its temporal form. Significant associations were found between the constructs of fragmented reading and cognitive development. Specifically, the fragmentation of content, time, and attention in reading behavior had significant, positive effects on cognitive breadth. However, each of these components was somewhat negatively associated with cognitive depth.

Conclusions

The findings disclosed the dual effects of fragmented reading on the cognitive development of students, opening a new perspective on this debate. As fragmented reading in the new media age grows inexorably, the study highlights the need to utilize its positive effects on cognitive development by integrating and classifying fragmented information into the mental maps of learners.
Morphometric Study of Nutrient Foramina in Typical Adult Human Long Bones of Superior Extremity with its Clinical and Surgical Importance: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Desai Uktiben Akhileshbhai , Damor Bhavana Kalubhai
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The nutrient foramina are the openings which provide passage to the nutrient vessels on the shaft of long bones. Nutrient arteries play a crucial role in development of the bones particularly during its growth period in the embryo and foetus. Aim: To find out the morphology, topography and variations of nutrient foramina along with their Foraminal Index (FI) in typical adult human long bones of superior extremity. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 370 typical adult dried human long bones (93 humerus, 196 radius and 81 ulna) of upper extremity which were obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Baroda, Gujarat, India from January 2016 to June 2019. These samples were studied for the presence of number, location and direction of Nutrient foramen. Total length of the bone with the help of osteometric board and distance of nutrient foramina from upper end were measured with the help of sliding vernier calipers. The FI were also determined with the help of Hughes formula. Data was calculated using Microsoft (MS) Excel 2010 version. Results: In present study, it was observed that out of 93 humerus, 69 (74.19%) humerus had a single nutrient foramina, 14 (15.05%) had double foramina and 10 (10.75%) had absent nutrient foramen. Single nutrient foramina was present in 174 (88.77%) radius, double were observed in 02 (1.02%) and 20 (10.20%) had no nutrient foramina. In case of ulna, 75 (92.93%) were having single, 4 (4.93%) were having double nutrient foramina and 2 (2.46%) had absence of foramina. In present study, nutrient foramina were directed away from the growing end in all typical long bones. All the nutrient foramina in humerus were directed distally, whereas in radius and ulna those were directed proximally. Ninety two (85.98%) humerus nutrient foramina were most commonly present in the middle third of humerus bone. In 01 (0.93%) humerus, nutrient foramen was present in the upper third of the bone. In radius, 109 (55.33%) nutrient foramina were present in the middle third while 69 (38.76%) were present in the upper third of the bone. In ulna, 49 (57.64%), nutrient foramina were present in the middle third and 34 (40%) nutrient foramen they were present in the upper third of the bone. Conclusion: Knowledge of the morphology, topography and variations of nutrient foramina along with their FI is of clinical importance.
Calcaneal Facet of Talus: An Osseo-morphological Study in the Population of West Bengal, India
Authors: Pal Anwesa , Biswas Ananya , Roy Hironmoy , Datta Indra
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Calcaneal articular facet of talus plays an important role in joint stability as well as in mobility. In many diseases of foot viz., talocalcaneal arthritis, coalition, intra-articular fracture, congenital flatfoot, valgus deformity; as well as in different surgical procedures viz., triple arthrodesis, internal and external fixation, osteotomy, and anatomic reduction; the size and shape of bones, the inter-relationship of talus and calcaneum with other bones of foot is an important clinical consideration. Aim: To explore the variability of the types of the calcaneal facets of talus in population of West Bengal, India. Materials and Methods: An observational descriptive study was conducted with dry specimens of tali preserved in Department of Anatomy of medical teaching institutions of Kolkata for six months; with 144 tali of unknown age and sex (69 right and 75 left-sided), collected from bone libraries of seven different medical colleges of West Bengal by non probability sampling. The borders of the calcaneal articular facets were traced with colour sketch pen, following which authors unanimously agreed upon the ‘type’ of the calcaneal facets on visual impression as was guided in the mostly used classification standard method as described by Arora AK et al., and Kaur M et al. Data was extrapolated and analysed in Microsoft excel software 2010. Results: Out of 144 tali (right=69, left=75) maximum number of type II (47.92%) was observed. For right-side, type I, II and V facets in 47.83%, 43.48% and 8.70% were observed respectively. On left-side, type I- 36%, type II- 52%, type III, IV, V 4% was observed each. Authors did not find any type III or type IV on right-side. Conclusion: Maximum prevalence of the type II articular facet was found and absence of type III/IV facets in the right-side in the current study population provides us a reflection of the anthropometric data for the population of West Bengal, but there remains scope of further study with larger sample size supported by imaging facilities.
Morphological Study of Nutrient Foramina in Long Bones of Upper Limb among North Gujarat Population
Authors: Modi Hetal Hareshkumar , Chauhan Hitesh kumar Muktilal , Umrania Yogesh N , Prajapapati Himanshu Kantibhai
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Main source of nutrition to long bone during growth and ossification is nutrient artery. Nutrient canal opens as nutrient foramen on the surface of shaft which conducts the nutrient artery and the peripheral nerves to bones. Nutrient artery provides more than 60-70% of blood supply to long bone, 30- 40% through periosteal, metaphyseal and epiphyseal blood vessels. Aim: To determine number of nutrient foramina, its position on surface of shaft, size and direction of nutrient foramina either towards proximal end or distal end and find out foraminal index from the position of nutrient foramina. Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 177 dry bones (60 humerus, 60 radius, 57 ulna) of upper limb, available at Anatomy Department, GMERS Medical College Himmatnagar, during September 2021. All bones were observed for number, position and direction of nutrient foramina. Size of foramen was measured by needles of different size. Mean Foraminal index was calculated for each long bone of upper limb by using Epi Info™ for windows, CDC, Atlanta, version 7.2. Results: Majority of bones had single nutrient foramina, all foramina were directed towards the elbow joint. All nutrient foramina were on flexor surfaces of bone, except one bone (radius). Majority of nutrient foramina were situated on middle 3rd of the shaft. Size of nutrient foramen was range from 22 to 28 gauge of needle. Conclusion: Information on nutrient foramina of long bones of upper limb will be useful in many orthopedic surgeries like microvascular bone grafting and many plastic reconstructive surgeries. During surgeries like fracture repair, bone graft or muscle graft care should be taken, not to damage these nutrient vessels to keep intact blood supply of bone.
Morphological Variations of Jugular Foramen in Dry Skulls of Central Indian Population: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kamath Venkatesh Gokuldas , Alam Md Tatabrej , Usha C , Kumar Sanku Naveen
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The jugular foramen is in close proximity with ninth, tenth and eleventh cranial nerves and the middle ear, it is the most common area for brain tumours like neurinomas and glomus tumours. A study of the morphological variations of the foramen would therefore be of immense help to Neurosurgeons and Otorhinolaryngologist. Aim: To analyse the morphometric dimensions of jugular foramen and subsequent neurosurgical implications. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study accessed the anteroposterior diameter, mediolateral diameter and area of jugular foramen, width and depth of jugular fossa was studied in 50 dry adult skulls of central Indian population in Department of Anatomy, Amaltas Institute of Medical Sciences, Dewas, Madhya Pradesh, India, between February 2021 to June 2021.The presence of septations and dome was noted. The above data was recorded and analysed using Statistical Package For The Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) and two tailed student’s t-test (p<0.05). Results: The mean anteroposterior dimension of jugular foramen was 12.86±2.67 mm on the right and 10.57±2.32 mm on the left. The mean mediolateral dimension of jugular foramen was 14.92±2.46 mm on the right and 13.62 ±1.96 mm on the left. The mean area of jugular foramen was 175.45±48.23 mm2 on the right and 140.53±42.23 mm2 on the left. The mean width of the jugular fossa was 7.74±2.45 mm on the right and 6.26±2.89 mm on the left. The mean depth of jugular fossa was 12.64±4.87 mm on the right and 11.88±4.32 mm on the left significant difference was noted between right and left side dimensions for anteroposterior diameter, mediolateral diameter and area of foramen, width and depth of fossa. Incomplete septations were observed in 62% foramen on right and 56% in left. A dome was observed in 68% foramen on right and in 32% foramen on left. Conclusion: There was significant difference in the anteroposterior and mediolateral dimensions and area of the jugular foramen bilaterally and the right dimensions are more than the left. Further the width of jugular fossa showed significant difference bilaterally. On statistical analysis, no significant difference was observed between the depth of both right and left jugular fossa.
Morphology and Morphometric Analysis of the Caudate Lobe of Human Liver in Eastern India- A Cross-sectional Cadaveric Study
Authors: Roy Tapati , Basu Rituparna
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The unique feature of caudate lobe of liver is that it has a dual blood supply. Since it is supplied both by branches of portal vein and hepatic artery, it may undergo compensatory hypertrophy in different hepatic diseases like cirrhosis of liver. In addition, excessive localised growth of the liver may be manifested as accessory lobules. Previous studies in different settings had implied an ethnic predisposition affecting the morphology of the liver. All these factors revealed an urgent need for further research regarding the surface variations and morphometry of the caudate lobe. Aim: To study the morphological variations and morphometric measurements of the caudate lobe of the human liver in eastern India. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken on 51 formalin fixed adult human livers in Department of Anatomy, Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India from March 2021 to September 2021. Vernier calliper was used to measure the Transverse Diameter (TD), Vertical Diameter (VD) and Anteroposterior Diameter (APD) of caudate lobe. In addition, the TD and APD diameters of Porta hepatis and TD of the right lobe of liver were also measured. Morphological variations were noted. The morphometric measurements and morphological variations of caudate lobe of liver were entered in Excel sheet which were further transported to IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) version 12.0 (free version) for further analysis. Morphometric measurements were analysed by using descriptive statistics. Caudate to right lobe (CRL) ratio was calculated manually. Results: Most common type of shape of caudate lobe was rectangular (37.25%). Mean values (in cm) of TD, VD, APD of caudate lobe were 2.4±0.54, 4.7±0.75, 1.9±0.51 respectively. The value of mean CRL (caudate to right lobe) ratio was 0.30. Conclusion: A detailed anatomical knowledge of the caudate lobe would be helpful to the surgeon to suitably plan hepatic resections and may also guide the radiologist regarding correct interpretation of imaging technique.
Utilisation of Antenatal Care Services and its Determinants among Pregnant Women Attending Tertiary Care Hospital in Western India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Lodha Nitin
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Good quality Antenatal Care (ANC) is not uniformly distributed in the community. A better ANC coverage not only ensures a safer outcome from pregnancy but also provides a platform for improving the health status of mother and baby. Aim: To assess the utilisation of ANC services among the pregnant women and to study the associated factors related to utilisation of ANC. Materials and Methods: Present was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted among 250 full term pregnant women. Systemic random sampling technique was adapted to select required participants. Women were interviewed, using predesigned and pretested semi-structured proforma, to assess the ANC received by them. Categorical variables were expressed as frequency and proportions, continuous variables as mean and standard deviation. Chi-square test was used to found association between comprehensive ANC and various determinants affecting it and logistic regressions were applied to find out the predictors. Results: Mean age of the participants was 25.31±4.09 years. A total of 205 (82%) of participants were literate and 84% pregnant women were from rural area. About 69.2% participants belonged to joint family and 92.4% were housewife. Majority of the participants were from class IV (63.6%) and V (16%) socioeconomic class. About 66% participants were multigravida. All study participants were registered. A 87.2% women had early registration of pregnancy (within 12 weeks), 93.6% had atleast four ANC visits, 98.4% had taken two doses or one booster dose of Tetnus Toxoid (TT) injections and 71.2% women had taken minimum 100 iron and folic acid tablets. About 69.2% of the mothers had received the full ANC. Significant relation was found between utilisation of full ANC with age of women, residence area, her education, socio-economic class and parity. Conclusion: Full ANC utilisation was inadequate. Most of the indicators seemed better only Iron Folic Acid (IFA) tablets consumption was poor. There is a need for intensified and targeted awareness programs for pregnant women on the importance of antenatal visits and utilisation of various services
Hepatoprotective Effect of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Diospyros mespiliformis against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Damage
Authors: Nwaogu J. , M. Fakai I. , Yahaya I.
Published: August 2022

Aim: This study evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of methanol stem bark extract of Diospyros mespiliformis against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in albino rats.

Methodology: Acute toxicity study was determined using limit fixed dose test of 5000mg/kg for 14 days. Six (6) adult albino rats of both sexes were used and randomly divided into six groups of one rat each. Hepatoprotective study; a total of forty two (42) adult albino rats were divided in to seven groups, of six rats each. Methanol stem bark extract of Diospyros mespiliformis administered to different groups of rats at the doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg orally daily for fourteen. This was followed by CCl4-administration after every 72 hours for the same period. Silymarin a standard reference drug was administered at a dose of 100mg/kg body weight orally, once daily for fourteen (14) days. Hepatoprotective effect was studied by assaying the activities of liver function indices (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma glutamyl transferase, total protein, albumin, direct and total bilirubin) in serum.

Results: The LD50 of methanol stem bark extract of Diospyros mespiliformis was greater than 5000 mg/kg. The activities of all the marker enzymes revealed a significant (P<0.05) elevated levels and decreased in the levels of total protein and albumin in CCl4 treated rats. Group administered with the extract prior to CCl4 induction show significantly low level of serum liver marker enzymes and increased levels of total protein and albumin compared to CCl4-induced untreated group and this observations is supported by the histology of liver sections, the result indicate that methanol stem bark extract of Diospyros mespiliformis possess significant hepatoprotective property by inhibiting lipid peroxidation.

Conclusion: This property may be attributed to the phytochemical compounds present in the extract.
Assessment of the Impact of a Firm’s Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on its Profitability in Nigeria: A Case Study of Akure Firms in Ondo State
Authors: Modupe Abodunde
Published: August 2022

This study critically examined the impact of a firm’s Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on its profitability in Nigeria. The specific objective of the study was to assess the effect of customer orientation on the performance of SMEs in South West, Nigeria; examine the effect of competitor orientation on the performance of SMEs in South West, Nigeria and investigate the effect of inter-functional coordination the on the performance of SMEs in Ondo state, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted and the population of the study covered all the 23,289 SMEs across all the states in the South West region of Nigeria; out of which, 393 small and medium scale enterprises’ owners were selected using the Yamane model (1967). An adapted questionnaire was used and it was subjected to a validity and reliability test. Data gathered via the questionnaire was analyzed using frequency and percentage for background information of the respondents and items on the questions, Pearson correlation to show the relationship between the predictor and outcome variable and simple linear regression to reveal the effect of all the predictors on the outcome variable. The result of the analysis revealed that customer orientation has a positive and significant effect on the performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in South West, Nigeria to the tune of 0.302(p=0.000<0.05), Thus, it was concluded that all the predictors (customer orientation, competitor orientation and inter-functional orientation) have a positive and significant effect on the performance of SMEs in South West, Nigeria.
Water Quality of Cilutung River Sumedang Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Yustiati Ayi , Mumtaz Yasmin , Iskandar . , Suryadi Ibnu Bangkit Bioshina , Herawati Titin
Published: August 2022

Cilutung River is one of the sub-watersheds in the middle of the Cimanuk River which is located in Tomo District, Sumedang Regency. Cilutung River utilization is used for sand mining activities and may cause a negative impact on water resources, among others causing a decrease in water quality. The objective of this research effort is to determine the condition of water quality in the Cilutung River, Sumedang Regency in September - November 2020. The method used in this research is the survey method. The technique of determining the station was carried out by purposive sampling method and was carried out at three research stations. The sampling technique was carried out in situ and ex-situ. Parameters observed in situ consist of temperature, light transparency, DO, and pH and ex situ consist of TDS, TSS, nitrate, ammonia, and COD. The temperature value obtained is about 25℃ - 28,7℃.  Light transparency value is about 17cm - 23cm. TDS value was about 197 mgL-1 - 276 mgL-1. TSS value was about 27 mgL-1 - 94 mgL-1. pH value is about 6.92 - 7.03. DO value was about 7.1 mgL-1- 7.4 mgL-1. Nitrate value was about 0.06 mgL-1- 0.64 mgL-1. Ammonia value was about 0.001 mgL-1 - 0.002 mgL-1. COD value was about 5.5 mgL-1- 9.6 mgL-1. In general, the water quality of the Cilutung River is classified as good and safe following the water quality standards class II for aquaculture from Regulation of The Government of The Republic of Indonesia No. 22 of 2021. However, the TSS value is above the class II threshold and close to the class III limit due to the sand mining in the Cilutung River.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentration in Soil and Plant and Evaluation of Bioconcentration Factor at Loumbila Market Gardening Perimeters, Burkina Faso
Authors: Luc Bambara Telado , Karim Kabore , Moumouni Derra , Alain Tougma Kiswendsida , Cisse Ousmane Ibrahim , Zougmore Francois
Published: August 2022

Agricultural soil quality deterioration resulting from an increase in the level of heavy metals is becoming more and more pronounced, thus raising the question on the safety status of human health and the environment. Determination of heavy metal concentration in soils and plants from Loumbila market gardening (Burkina Faso), and calculation of bioconcentration factor were undertaken. The heavy metals such as copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) were measured using an atomic absorption spectrometer, model PERKIN ELMER AANALYST 200.

In the soil where the pepper was grown, the concentration of chromium was 175 mg/kg, which is higher than the concentration limit which is 150 mg/kg. Also the concentrations of lead in the soils of onion (118 mg/kg), green bean (118 mg/kg), carrot (178 mg/kg) and pepper (135 mg/kg) were above the limit which is 100 mg/kg. The concentrations of chromium in Onion leaves (3.72 mg/kg), onions (4.65 mg/kg), lettuce (4.89 mg/kg), green beans (5.89 mg/kg) and bell peppers (3.56 mg/kg) were concentrations above the limit established by the FAO/WHO, which is 2.3 mg/Kg. The concentrations of lead in carrot, onion leaf, onion, lettuce, green bean and bell pepper were above the limit proposed by FAO/WHO.

The bioconcentration factors show that the onion leaf (0.731), onion (0.929), lettuce (0.876), green bean (0.987) and bell pepper (0.858) are the plants that accumulate zinc and the carrot (0.524) accumulates nickel. The bioaccumulation of the metals in the vegetable from Loumbila market gardening decreased in the order of onion > lettuce > green bean > bell pepper > onion leaves > carrot.
Macrophagic Activation Syndrome Revealing Hodgkin Lymphoma: Case Report
Authors: Mebrouk Nadia , Abilkassem Rachid , Ayad Anass , Agadr Aomar
Published: August 2022

Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS), or Haemophagocytosis Syndrome, is a clinical-biological entity characterized by the proliferation and non-specific activation of macrophages of the reticulo-histiocytic system, with phagocytosis of the blood elements formed. This syndrome can be primary in children or secondary to various conditions at any age. Its association with Hodgkin's lymphoma is exceptional. We report here a case of MAS that revealed Hodgkin's lymphoma in a 5-year-old child. And we underline the interest of an urgent diagnosis and a fast care because risk of evolution towards a fatal multivisceral failure.
On Neutrosophic Z-algebras
Authors: Mahmood Sahar Jaafar , Tayyah Adel Salim , Hussein Dhirgam Allawy
Published: August 2022

This study presents the notion of neutrosophic Z-algebra and neutrosophic pseudo Z-algebra explores some of its properties. Also studied are the neutrosophic Z-ideal, neutrosophic Z-sub algebra, and neutrosophic Z-filter. Several properties are discovered, and some findings from the study of homomorphism are discussed.
Fiber Quality Characteristics of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Main Production Areas of Aegean Region
Authors: Balci Serife , Cinar Volkan Mehmet , Unay Aydin
Published: August 2022

High-quality cotton fiber has an important role in the textile industry. The regional differences due to environmental factors, genotype and cultural management lead to variation in fiber characteristics. A two-year field experiment was conducted to reveal the intra-regional differences in the Aegean region. The samples from Great Meander, Little Meander, Bakırçay, Gediz and Söke basins were analyzed by High Volume Instrument (HVI) for fiber length (mm), fiber fineness (mic.), fiber strength (g tex-1), reflectance (Rd), yellowness (+b) and trash count (number per unit area) in 2019 and 2020. Range was 29.82-30.77 mm for fiber length; 4.62-5.09 mic. for fiber fineness; 31.26-33.36 g tex-1 for fiber strength; 69.62-71.0 for reflectance; 7.70-9.12 for yellowness and 56.04-101.48 for trash count. Although all fiber quality parameters were within the commercial limits, the higher quality fibers were produced in Little Meander and Söke basins in 2019. It was concluded that the main important differences among growing areas of the Aegean region might be in terms of trash count.
Effect of Natural Capital on Food Security among Smallholder Tea Farmers in Bomet County, Kenya
Authors: Korir Augistine K. , Omboto Peter , Musebe Richard
Published: August 2022

Health and well-being of the general population, children's growth, development, and cognitive ability as well as the productivity of the workforce are all negatively impacted by food insecurity. In tea growing regions, there are records of high malnutrition, high morbidity rates, and low farm productivity and low incomes. The study aimed to describe the effect of natural capital on food security among smallholder tea farmers in Bomet County, Kenya. The study was guided by Entitlement Theory. The study adopted mixed approach design entailing exploratory design and explanatory research design. All the registered 16572 tea farmers in selected tea growing regions were the target population for this study. Multi-stage purposive and random sampling techniques were used to select a sample size of 391 smallholder tea farmers in Bomet County. Instruments of data collection included questionnaires, key informants, interviews, focus group discussions and direct observations. The Cronbach Alpha value was used to test the instrument's reliability. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 26 was used to analyze the data in both descriptive and inferential ways. Thematic analysis and tables were used to present the findings from the study's qualitative data. The study findings revealed that there was effect of natural capital on food security. The study recommends that the government should subsidize tea farm inputs such as fertilizers and seeds. Organize farmers into SACCOs to enable them access farm inputs, credit facilities and market for their produce. Both national and county governments should improve road networks so as to help access food markets and also sale of farm produce.
Profile of Farmers in Ananthapuramu District Adopting Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies
Authors: Prashanthi Saddikuti , Asokhan M.
Published: August 2022

The consequences of climate change are posing new challenges to the farming community in all possible forms. The study area, Ananthapuramu district is one of the five vulnerable districts in Andhra Pradesh state with the least average annual rainfall. Considering the rainfall as the criterion, four blocks were chosen for the study with the least average annual rainfall. Two villages from each block were selected based on the highest number of farmers. The sample size was 161 chosen by the Multi-Stage proportionate Random Sampling method. First-hand information was collected from the farmers with the help of a well-structured and pre-tested interview schedule. The findings exposed the medium or moderate behavior of the respondents towards the selected variables and can be enhanced to higher levels by opting for efficiency measures.
Efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin SBI-Ma-SF 5 strain against tomato fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Lepidopetra: Noctuidae)
Authors: Koushik P. Venkata , Shanmugam P. S. , Geetha N. , Jeyarani S. , Anand T.
Published: August 2022

The polyphagous tomato fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) causes yield loss of 40 – 60 per cent under favourable conditions in Tomato. The farmers rely upon chemical insecticides for its management and its injudicious use leads to unwarranted problems. The use of bio pesticides as a component of integrated pest management is one of the important factor to overcome the pesticides related issue. Among the bio-pesticides entomopathogenic fungi proved their ability against many Lepidopterans. The pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin SBI SF Ma 5 strain was studied against tomato fruit borer H. armigera. The median concentration (LC50) of M. anisopliae SBI Ma SF 1 strain was 3.1 x 108 conidia/ml  with fiducial limits 2.2 x 107 to 4.2 x 109 conidia/ml. The median lethal time (LT50) value was to be 6.53 days. The SBI SF Ma 5 strain caused 88.83 per cent mortality in second instar H. armigera at 1 x 109 conidia/ml concentration. The decrease in conidial concentration reduced the efficacy of M. anisopliae strain. This strain can be used in the H. armigera management after field evaluation.
Effect of Nitrogen and Sulphur on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Ghanasai Koppu , Singh Rajesh , Indu Thakur
Published: August 2022

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.36 %), available N (171.48 kg/ha), available P (15.2 kg/ha) and available K (232.5 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out on Randomized Block Design with nine treatments; each replicated thrice based on one year experimentation. The treatments which are T1: Nitrogen 80 kg/ha + Sulphur 15 kg/ha, T2: Nitrogen 80 kg/ha + Sulphur 30 kg/ha, T3: Nitrogen 80 kg/ha + Sulphur 45 kg/ha, T4: Nitrogen 100 kg/ha + Sulphur 15 kg/ha, T5: Nitrogen 100 kg/ha + Sulphur 30 kg/ha, T6: Nitrogen 100 kg/ha + Sulphur 45 kg/ha, T7: Nitrogen 120 kg/ha + Sulphur 15 kg/ha, T8: Nitrogen 120 kg/ha + Sulphur 30 kg/ha, T9: Nitrogen 120 kg/ha + Sulphur 45 kg/ha are used. The results showed that application of Nitrogen 120 kg/ha + Sulphur 45 kg/ha was recorded to significantly higher Plant height (98.13 cm), No. of Tillers/hill (10.71), Plant dry weight (17.83 g/plant), whereas significantly highest Crop growth rate (7.47 g/m2/day) was recorded with the treatment Nitrogen 80 kg/ha + Sulphur 15 kg/ha. However, significantly maximum No. of Grains/spike (47.34), Test weight (38.30 g), Grain yield (6.14 t/ha), and Straw yield (9.52 t/ha) was obtained in the treatment of Nitrogen 120 kg/ha + Sulphur 45 kg/ha as compared to other treatments.