bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase–Interacting Multifunctional Protein 1 Acts as a Novel B Cell–Activating Factor In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Kim Myun Soo , Kim Tae Sung
Published: April 2015

Endogenous B cell–activating factors play pivotal roles in defense mechanisms by regulating B cell responses. We previously reported that aminoacyl tRNA synthetase–interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1) functions as a novel proinflammatory cytokine that activates macrophages and dendritic cells. However, roles of AIMP1 in B cell responses have not been studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of AIMP1 on B cell responses and their underlying mechanisms. AIMP1 induced the expression of surface activation markers on murine B cells and the proliferation of B cells. Additionally, AIMP1 increased the expression of activation-induced deaminase and class switch recombination in B cells. AIMP1 also had synergistic effects on B cell activation when combined with CD40 stimulus. Intracellular signaling experiments showed that AIMP1 activated B cells through a protein kinase C/NF-κB signaling pathway. Importantly, i.v. injection of AIMP1 into mice increased the expression of CD69 on splenic B cells and significantly enhanced Ag-specific Ab production. Taken together, our results show that AIMP1 acts as a novel B cell–activating factor. AIMP1-mediated B cell activation and the involvement of AIMP1 in diseases will provide additional information for therapeutic strategies.
Observed Practices and Perceived Advantages of Different Hand Cleansing Agents in Rural Bangladesh: Ash, Soil, and Soap
Authors: Nizame Fosiul A. , Nasreen Sharifa , Halder Amal K. , Arman Shaila , Winch Peter J. , Unicomb Leanne , Luby Stephen P.
Published: April 2015

Bangladeshi communities have historically used ash and soil as handwashing agents. A structured observation study and qualitative interviews on the use of ash/soil and soap as handwashing agents were conducted in rural Bangladesh to help develop a handwashing promotion intervention. The observations were conducted among 1,000 randomly selected households from 36 districts. Fieldworkers observed people using ash/soil to wash their hand(s) on 13% of occasions after defecation and on 10% after cleaning a child's anus. This compares with 19% of people who used soap after defecation and 27% after cleaning a child who defecated. Using ash/soil or soap was rarely (< 1%) observed at other times recommended for handwashing. The qualitative study enrolled 24 households from three observation villages, where high usage of ash/soil for handwashing was detected. Most informants reported that ash/soil was used only for handwashing after fecal contact, and that ash/soil could clean hands as effectively as soap.
Poor Housing Construction Associated with Increased Malaria Incidence in a Cohort of Young Ugandan Children
Authors: Snyman Katherine , Mwangwa Florence , Bigira Victor , Kapisi James , Clark Tamara D. , Osterbauer Beth , Greenhouse Bryan , Sturrock Hugh , Gosling Roly , Liu Jenny , Dorsey Grant
Published: April 2015

Despite the use of accepted interventions to combat malaria, such as insecticide-treated bed nets and artemisinin-based combination therapy, malaria remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Uganda. We investigated associations between household factors and malaria incidence in a cohort of children living in a highly endemic region of Uganda. Living in a modern house, defined as the use of non-earth floors, non-thatched roofs, and non-mud walls, was associated with approximately half malaria incidence compared with living in a traditional home (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.54, P = 0.001). Other factors found to be associated with a lower incidence of malaria included living in town versus rural setting; sleeping in a room with openings to the outside (windows, eaves, and airbricks); and having an older and more educated primary caregiver. This study adds to the growing body of evidence that improved house construction may be associated with a lower risk of malaria.
Intraventricular Taenia solium Cysts Presenting with Bruns Syndrome and Indications for Emergent Neurosurgery
Authors: Shahani Lokesh , Garnes Natalie Dailey , Mejia Rojelio
Published: April 2015

Bruns syndrome is an unusual phenomenon, characterized by attacks of sudden and severe headache, vomiting, and vertigo, triggered by abrupt movement of the head. The presumptive cause of Bruns syndrome is a mobile deformable intraventricular mass leading to an episodic obstructive hydrocephalus. Intraventricular tumors have been associated with Bruns syndrome; however, few cases of intraventricular neurocysticercosis have been reported to present with Bruns syndrome. We report the first series of fourth ventricular neurocysticercosis presenting with Bruns syndrome in the United States and review the other published cases where surgery was indicated.
Human Fascioliasis: A Re-emerging Disease in Upper Egypt
Authors: Mekky Mohamed A. , Tolba Mohammed , Abdel-Malek Mohamed O. , Abbas Wael A. , Zidan Mohamed
Published: April 2015

In recent years, the number of humans infected with Fasciola has risen rapidly. Diagnosis is based mainly on detection of eggs in stool analysis. The rate of infection in Egypt is unknown. In this retrospective study, we describe 23 cases of hepatic fascioliasis, and only 2 of these cases showed eggs in stools. The symptoms of infection, such as pyrexia of unknown origin, epigastric pain, and abdominal distension, were suggestive. Imaging techniques, including abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography, were very helpful in detecting hepatic changes. An indirect hemagglutination assay proved to be of value for diagnosis. Treatment using a 2-day triclabendazole regimen cured the infection and signs of hepatic involvement disappeared. Combining both imaging techniques and laboratory tests is essential for diagnosis of fascioliasis in the early stage.
Noise versus chaos in a causal Fisher-Shannon plane
Authors: Rosso Osvaldo Anibal , Olivares Felipe , Plastino Angelo
Published: April 2015

We revisit the Fisher-Shannon representation plane $${\mathcal H} \times {\mathcal F}$$, evaluated using the Bandt and Pompe recipe to assign a probability distribution to atime series. Several stochastic dynamical (noises with $$f^{-k}$$,$$k \geq 0$$, power spectrum) and chaotic processes (27 chaoticmaps) are analyzed so as to illustrate the approach. Our  mainachievement is uncovering the informational properties of theplanar location.Received: 20 Novembre 2014,  Accepted: 1 April 2015; Edited by: C. A. Condat, G. J. Sibona; DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.070006Cite as: O A Rosso, F Olivares, A Plastino, Papers in Physics 7, 070006 (2015)This paper, by Osvaldo A. Rosso, Felipe Olivares, Angelo Plastino, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0.
Tragic Cognition in Shakespeare’s Othello
Authors: Cefalu Paul
Published: April 2015

As the cognitive revolution has begun heavily to influence Shakespeare and early modern studies, related critical methodologies such as psychoanalytic criticism have begun to seem provincial, outworn, or, in some more hostile quarters, simply misdirected. If we are indeed living through a cognitive revolution and “age of the brain,” the time seems appropriate to revisit psychoanalytic criticism, not in order to displace, but rather to supplement, the application of brain science to literary analysis.

This book represents the first attempt to bring together cognitive and psychoanalytic criticism, through a startling new analysis of Iago’s character. Iago is a recalcitrant literary figure and neither cognitive nor psychoanalytic theory alone can explain our strange, embarrassed kinship with him, nor the unique ways in which Iago’s very staging of his own catharsis prevents a full purgation of our pity and fear.

Through looking at both critical methodologies, Paul Cefalu opens up new insights into the mechanisms of tragic identification and catharsis within Othello.
The Jouissance of the Torturer in Zero Dark Thirty and the Enjoyment of the Unacceptable
Authors: Rogers Juliet Brough
Published: April 2015

Abstract: In the scene of torture we can see a paradox at work in which the torturer is both sanctioned by positive law and prohibited by oedipal law. This latter prohibition brings the perpetrator into the proximity of, what can be understood as a Lacanian mode of jouissance, an enjoyment that both defies and demands the law. This enjoyment can be seen in the film Zero-Dark-Thirty in which the torturers animate the tortured to, arguably, further their enjoyment and further their goal of/as torture. In these scenes it is the very unacceptability of the breach in oedipal law, coupled with the sanction of positive law – as a command to torture – that makes the act of torture so exciting.
Introduction to 'The Unacceptable' Special Issue
Authors: Scannell John
Published: April 2015

This special issue of Portal contends with the 'unacceptable' as the intervention upon bodies, images or practices deemed excessive to the limits of functional community. Under the rubric of propriety, discussion of the 'unacceptable' can all too easily become marginalised through silence, erasure and/or condemnation. Yet challenging the boundaries of the 'unacceptable' is vital to the continuity of a civil society, and the articles contained in this issue attempt to probe the limits of acceptability, as they seek to comprehend, and perhaps, intervene upon some divisive contemporary issues. Torture, disability, sexuality, e-waste, bureaucracy, comedy, and the constitution of the strange are among the broad range of topics in which the definition, regulation and assessment of unacceptability are pursued. Through documentation of such suitably 'unacceptable' issues, the articles contained in this volume not only compel the reader to question convention, but furthermore, interrogate the point where social intervention upon desire might be necessary too.John Scannell, guest editor.
Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds and subsequent formation of secondary organic aerosols in a Larix kaempferi forest
Authors: Mochizuki T. , Miyazaki Y. , Ono K. , Wada R. , Takahashi Y. , Saigusa N. , Kawamura K. , Tani A.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. We conducted simultaneous measurements of concentrations and above-canopy fluxes of isoprene and α-pinene, along with their oxidation products in aerosols in a Larix kaempferi (Japanese larch) forest in summer 2012. Vertical profiles of isoprene showed the maximum concentration near the forest floor with a peak around noon, whereas oxidation products of isoprene, i.e., methacrolein (MACR) and methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), showed higher concentrations near the canopy level of the forest. The vertical profile suggests large emissions of isoprene near the forest floor, likely due to Dryopteris crassirhizoma (a fern species), and the subsequent reaction within the canopy. The concentrations of α-pinene also showed highest values near the forest floor with maximums in the early morning and late afternoon. The vertical profiles of α-pinene suggest its large emissions from soil and litter in addition to emissions from L. kaempferi leaves at the forest site. Isoprene and its oxidation products in aerosols exhibited similar diurnal variations within the forest canopy, providing evidence for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation via oxidation of isoprene most likely emitted from the forest floor. Although high abundance of α-pinene was observed in the morning, its oxidation products in aerosols showed peaks in daytime, due to a time lag between the emission and atmospheric reactions of α-pinene to form SOA. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis indicated that anthropogenic influence is the most important factor contributing to the elevated concentrations of molecular oxidation products of isoprene- (> 64%) and α-pinene-derived SOA (> 57%). The combination of the measured fluxes and vertical profiles of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) suggests that the inflow of anthropogenic precursors/aerosols likely enhanced the formation of both isoprene- and α-pinene-SOA within the forest canopy even when the BVOC flux was relatively low. This study highlights the importance of intra-canopy processes that promote biogenic SOA formation in the presence of significant inflow of anthropogenic aerosols and their precursors.
Towards an integrated probabilistic nowcasting system (En-INCA)
Authors: Suklitsch M. , Kann A. , Bica B.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Ensemble prediction systems are becoming of more and more interest for various applications. Especially ensemble nowcasting systems are increasingly requested by different end users. In this study we introduce such an integrated probabilistic nowcasting system, En-INCA. In a case study we show the added value and increased skill of the new system and demonstrate the improved performance in comparison with a state-of-the-art LAM-EPS.
Estimation of nutrient contributions from the ocean across a river basin using stable isotope analysis
Authors: Nakayama K. , Maruya Y. , Matsumoto K. , Komata M. , Komai K. , Kuwae T.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Since marine derived nutrients (MDN) are transported not only in river channels but also across the entire river basin, including via ground water and migratory animals, it is necessary to investigate the contribution of MDN to the forest floor (soils) in order to quantify the true role of MDN at the river ecosystem scale. This study investigated the contribution of pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum salmon (O. keta) to total oceanic nitrogen (TN) input across a river basin using stable isotope analysis (SIA) of nitrogen (δ15N). The contribution of TN entering the river basin by salmon was 23.8 % relative to the total amount of TN exported from the river basin, providing a first estimate of MDN export for a river basin. The contribution of nitrogen from the ocean to the river basin soils was between 22.9 and 23.8 %. Furthermore, SIA showed that the transport of oceanic TN by sea eagles (Haliaeetus spp.) was greater than that by bears (Ursus arctos), which had previously been that bears are thought to be the major animal transporter of nutrients in the northern part of Japan.
New estimates of potential impacts of sea level rise and coastal floods in Poland
Authors: Paprotny D. , Terefenko P.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Polish coastal zone is thought to be of the most exposed to sea level rise in Europe. With climate change expected to raise mean sea levels between 26 and 200 cm by the end of the century, and storms increasing in severity, accurate estimates of those phenomena are needed. Recent advances in quality and availability of spatial data in Poland made in possible to revisit previous estimates. Up-to-date detailed information on land use, population and buildings were used to calculate inundation risk at a broad range of scenarios. Inclusion, though imperfect, of flood defences from a high-resolution digital elevation model contributes to a further improvement of estimates. The results revealed that even by using a static "bathtub fill" approach the amount of land, population or assets at risk has been significantly revised down. Sea level rise or storm surges are unlikely to reach intensity required to cause significant damage to the economy or endanger the population. The exposure of different kinds of assets and sectors of the economy varies to a large extent, though the structural breakdown of potential losses is remarkably stable between scenarios.
Water Security – science and management challenges
Authors: Wheater H. S.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. This paper briefly reviews the contemporary issues of Water Security, noting that current and prospective pressures represent major challenges for society. It is argued that, given the complex interdependencies and multi-faceted nature of these challenges, new trans-disciplinary science is needed to support the development of science-based policy and management. The effects of human society on land and water are now large and extensive. Hence we conclude that: (a) the management of water involves the management of a complex human-natural system, and (b) potential impacts of the human footprint on land and water systems can influence not only water quantity and quality, but also local and regional climate. We note, however, that research to quantify impacts of human activities is, in many respects, in its infancy. The development of the science base requires a trans-disciplinary place-based focus that must include the natural sciences, social sciences and engineering, and address management challenges at scales that range from local to large river basin scale, and may include trans-boundary issues. Large basin scale studies can provide the focus to address these science and management challenges, including the feedbacks associated with man’s impact from land and water management on regional climate systems.
Sluts ‘r’ us: Intersections of gender, protocol and agency in the digital age
Authors: Shah Nishant
Published: April 2015

When it comes to examining the relationship between digital technologies and gender, our discourse has fallen into two pre-wired sets of responses: The first set approaches gender as something that is operationalised through the digital, thus producing the rhetoric of ICT4D and women’s empowerment through access to the digital. This also gives rise to the DIY cultures that makes women responsible for the safety of their bodies and selves, and puts the blame of sexual violence or abuse back onto the body of the woman. The second set approaches the digital as something that operates gender, examining the regulations and control that the digital technologies exercise on women’s bodies, gender and desires. This focuses on practices like revenge pornography, privacy, protection and security in the age of growing cyber-bullying and attacks on women. In both these discourses, there is always the imagination of one of the two sites as passive — either the gendered body uses digital technologies for its intentions, or the digital technologies shape the gendered body following the protocols of algorithmic design. By looking at the figure of the digital slut, as it emerges in popular cultural practices and debates in regulation, that this separation of gendered intention from machine protocol fails to accommodate for the quotidian and varied engagements of bodies and technologies, and thus produces flawed regimes of regulation and law around digital gender. I propose two strategies to understand ‘digital gender’ as a moment of configuration rather than a finite resolved category: The first is to combine the protocols of technology with the metaphors of the body, producing a metaphorocol, which enables us to move beyond the aporetic production of body and technology in contemporary discourse. The second is to relocate agency and question the body as actor/the body as acted upon paradigm that is invoked in thinking of body-technology relationships. Consequently, I argue I propose two different approaches that draw from material practices of gender and the architecture of physical computing, to offer new ways of reading the practices of policing and pathology of gender in the age of ubiquitous networking. I argue in my conclusion that ‘digital gender’ as a concept helps us build upon earlier intersections of feminist thought and practice with other identity politics by opening up to other identities of regulation and control that emerge within data regimes of information societies.
Shame transfigured: Slut-shaming from Rome to cyberspace
Authors: Webb Lewis Mark
Published: April 2015

Slut-shaming, the public exposure and shaming of individuals for their (perceived or actual) sexual behavior, is rife on the Internet; it primarily affects women, and it too often has tragic outcomes. Slut-shaming is not new, but a form of cultural suppression of female sexuality that has been practiced since antiquity. In this paper, I historicize this phenomenon, by comparing and contrasting cases of slut-shaming from the Roman Republic with recent cases on the Internet, and I maintain that the focus of this slut-shaming, namely sexual virtue, has remained the same over time, but that the unregulated nature of the Internet has increased its scope and impact. A central contention of this paper is that women have been complicit in this slut-shaming; they have shamed other women for their sexual behavior, and have done so because it conferred social benefits on them. We will see that men and women have used the Internet to perpetuate and maintain the cultural suppression of female sexuality, and expose women to increased scrutiny over their sexual behavior.
Seeing through the fog: Digital problems and solutions for studying ancient women
Authors: McAuley Alex
Published: April 2015

In spite of the proliferation of online resources dedicated to the study of the ancient world, there is nonetheless room for the improvement and expansion of methodology and content. This paper identifies two predominant problems in the realm of digital classics: the perpetuation of traditional methods of presenting research rather than the promotion of technology-driven analysis, and the virtual invisibility of ancient women in cyberspace. Arguing that there is a gender imbalance in Web-based resources for antiquity, two solutions are proposed beginning with the addition of more material regarding ancient women to existing platforms in the interest of equalization. Using an analogous project from McGill University as inspiration, an approach that combines ancient data with GIS analysis is proposed in order to make room for technology-driven research while beginning to mitigate the invisibility of women in the ancient world and on the Web.
On trans-, glitch, and gender as machinery of failure
Authors: Sundén Jenny
Published: April 2015

his paper develops an understanding of gender as something fundamentally technological, and as such broken. Drawing on the technological undercurrent in current posthumanist feminist theory, it puts into play a vocabulary of malfunctioning, broken, vulnerable technologies, and in particular uses the term ‘glitch’ to account for machinic failures in gender within the digital domain. As an intriguing example of the technologies of (trans)gender, the core example consists of the social media presence and public transition of Isabella Bunny Bennett — a musical performer and a member of the U.S.-based band Steam Powered Giraffe. Drawing on how glitch is understood as an accidental error and a critical potential in aesthetic practices, the article is a contribution to what recently has been coined ‘glitch feminism.’
Embodying culture: Interactive installation on women’s rights
Authors: Marti Patrizia , Peeters Jeroen , Trotto Ambra , Tittarelli Michele , True Nicholas , Papworth Nigel , Hummels Caroline
Published: April 2015

The paper describes an interactive installation exploring perspectives on women’s rights, triggering visitors’ personal reflections through an immersive experience. Starting from the life histories of the women depicted in three paintings from fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth century, we explored three themes: emancipation, self-determination and violence. In the installation, representations of these three paintings were fragmented into panels, floating in the space suspended from a self-standing structure. On these elements, both the original painting and a writhing of visual material were dynamically displayed using a projector. The presence and movement of visitors in the room was tracked by means of a Kinect™ camera and influenced both the position and movements of the panels. A software crawler monitored discussions and debates on social networks. The intensity of these discussions was reflected in the movements of the panels and the content of the projections. The purpose of this interactive installation is to engage visitors in composing a harmonious picture of the complex domain of women’s rights. The experiential form confronts visitors with the opinions of other people debating the theme worldwide. The installation was the outcome of a craft-inspired learning module, grounded on constructivism and reflective practice.
Digital gender: Perspective, phenomena, practice
Authors: Arvidsson Viktor , Foka Anna
Published: April 2015

Past research on gender online has made important land gains but under-theorizes the Internet as a passive, fixed, and somewhat insubstantial space or context. By contrast, this special issue draws on new material thinking to put into questions the very notion of “cyberspace” as a distinct realm. In this vein, the contents of this issue critically examine how the Internet and related digital technologies actively “work” to maintain or transform systems of oppression, as displayed, for example, in the digital doing(s) of gender. They also show how digital technologies and related concepts can be used to challenge current understandings of race, class, and gender and to produce and provoke new forms of knowledge. While the contents of this issue are drawn from different fields and display great diversity, the individual contributions of each author helps to chart out three potent venues for future Internet research: namely digital gender as perspective, phenomena, and practice.
Organisation’s Commitment towards its Workers (OCW): Evidence from the Netherlands
Authors: Torka Nicole
Published: April 2015

What does ‘organisation’s commitment to its workers’ (OCW) mean to employees? I conducted 86 semi-structured interviews with Dutch socio-therapists, fire fighters, PhD candidates, and R & D engineers. The findings show that one indicator of the employment relationship quality can serve as a framework for understanding OCW: Perceived Organisational Support (POS). However, the evidence also suggests that the current antecedent categories of POS have to be refined. These refinements should more consequently address the different needs of employees and the responsibility and responsiveness of different organisational representatives, but should also reconsider the current treatment of employee voice by making use of Industrial Relations knowledge.
The Influence of Several Aspects of Verbal and Pre-Verbal Communication of the Teacher on the Pupils
Authors: Panxhi Gentjana
Published: April 2015

As we know the main types of communication are the  verbal, nonverbal and pre-verbal ones. According to several scholars the communication between the teacher and the pupils displays the fact that the density, the intensity, the quality, the space used by the both sides during the class exert a considerable influence in the creation of a general positive milieu in the classroom  or in the relations between these two parties as well as the smooth continuation of the teaching and education process.The communication at school being an important aspect of the school life serves to the proper development of the learning process on the part of the pupils and also based on human values serves as a general regulator in the relationship among the social groups in the micro environment at school.We center our study on the character of the teacher with his contributions and modalities in his communication  regarding the pupils, regarding the quality of the teaching in the close connection to the environment, the milieu being created in the classroom, also with his motivation in his academic work and his didactic efficiency. Our study aims to show the importance of several aspects of verbal and pre-verbal communication of the teacher and their perception by the pupils in Albanian schools.
Effect of Non-Financial Factors on Business Performance of Women Entrepreneurs in Service Industry in Kenya: A Case of KISII County
Authors: Mochache Pamela Nyanchama , Memba Florence
Published: April 2015

The important role that entrepreneurship played to combat unemployment, wealth creation and the alleviation of poverty was not underestimated, especially in regions with growing unemployment rates. Women entrepreneurs could contribute significantly to economic development in Kenya, but their contribution had been documented to be wanting. Although it was challenging for both men and women to start and sustain a successful business, women faced unique challenges in their business ventures. The objective of this study was to assess non-financial factors influencing the business performance of women entrepreneurs for women-owned enterprises in Kisii County. The study was based on the factors affecting the business performance of women entrepreneurs operating within Kisii County involved in micro and small businesses in the service industry. The study attempted to determine the constraints of women entrepreneurs in the service industry by identifying constraints limiting their business performance.
Meaning in Context
Authors: Gerrig Richard J.
Published: April 2015

people often encounter language in contexts that provide meanings that go beyond previous experience. for example, people recover metaphorical meanings that displace literal meanings for the same words. for such cases, researchers have addressed the question of whether contextual support allows people to truncate or eliminate consideration of meanings that precede specific contexts. the article reviews 3 domains in which this question has prompted research: recovery of metaphorical meanings, understanding of noun–noun combinations, and assimilation of actions within fantastic narrative worlds.
Planting a Seed: Applications of Cognitive Principles for Improving Food Choices
Authors: Wohldmann Erica L.
Published: April 2015

people are not very good at estimating quantitative information, but seeding the knowledge base has been shown to improve estimation accuracy of numerical information (e.g., Brown & Siegler, 1996). in the present study, the seeding technique was applied to a calorie estimation task because people often underestimate the number of calories contained in food, which could lead to overconsumption. participants practiced making calorie estimates, without feedback, of both simple (e.g., apples) and complex (e.g., apple pie) foods. during training, which included only simple foods, participants in the seeding condition made estimates and were told the correct number of calories after each estimate. those in the view- only condition were merely told the number of calories in each item without having to make any estimates. participants in the control condition neither made estimates nor were told calorie information for the foods shown. during testing, all participants made calorie estimates for items shown previously and new items. participants in the seeding condition showed significantly better learning and transfer of calorie information than did those in the control condition, although viewing calorie information was equally beneficial for learning and transfer. in both the seeding and view--only conditions, transfer applied to items presented during training and other similar simple food items but not to more complex foods, which were not included during training. the practical applications of this research to education and health are discussed.
The Three “Ws” of Episodic Memory: What, When, and Where
Authors: Nairne James S.
Published: April 2015

At its core, episodic memory requires the encoding and retention of occurrence information. one needs to remember that a particular item occurred (what) at a particular time (when) in a particular place (where). these task requirements are scale independent, meaning that they hold regardless of whether one is asked to remember over the short or the long term. in the present article, written to honor the contributions of alice Healy, i review evidence suggesting that the benchmark phenomena of short- term memory, including bow- shaped serial position curves, symmetric error gradients, and even our limited memory span, actually arise from processes associated with the recovery of occurrence information. rather than reflecting the properties of a special short- term storage system, these signature empirical patterns are characteristic of remembering over almost any time scale. more generally, i argue that occurrence information can be conceptualized as stored values along largely independent temporal and spatial dimensions. Such a framework provides a useful way of distinguishing between item and order information, although i conclude by suggesting that item memory requires more than simply the recovery of occurrence. mnemonic representations, once accessed, must be interpreted or “recovered” as well.
La garantia de l'ocupació en la nova regulació de l'acomiadament col·lectiu
Authors: Fusté Miquela Josep M.
Published: April 2015

Les reformes laborals de 2012 han incidit intensament en el règim jurídic de l'extinció del contracte de treball. Les causes, procediments i costos indemnitzatoris han estat modificats amb la intenció, manifestada pel legislador, d'establir una regulació més flexible per a les empreses. La regulació de l'acomiadament col·lectiu ha sofert importants canvis que afecten l'entitat de les causes que el justifiquen, el procediment que ha de seguir l'empresari per materialitzar-lo i l'eliminació de l'autorització administrativa prèvia. En la nova regulació la garantia de l'ocupació en projectes empresarials d'acomiadaments col·lectius ha passat des de la intervenció intensa de l'administració fins a la potenciació de les consultes que ha de realitzar l'empresari amb els representants dels treballadors, que es configuren ara com el centre de gravetat de l'acomiadament col·lectiu, tal com ja han assenyalat les primeres resolucions judicials que han interpretat la reforma. Les consu

ltes constitueixen un veritable procés de negociació que pretén la consecució d'un acord, en el qual ambdues parts han de negociar sota el principi de la bona fe, amb la finalitat de pactar mesures per evitar o reduir els acomiadaments, així com mesures pal·liatives a adoptar en favor dels treballadors afectats, d'entre les que destaquen les obligacions, en determinades empreses, d'adoptar un pla de recol·locació, així com d'assumir determinats costos addicionals quan els acomiadaments afecten treballadors d'edat
La divergència entre l'acció local sobre l'ocupació i les premisses de l'activació. Dos exemples locals de polítiques actives d'ocupació
Authors: Lope Peña Andreu
Published: April 2015

L'Estratègia Europea d'Ocupació orienta les accions de tots els estats membres en matèria d'ocupació i de cohesió social. Aquesta Estratègia va fixar una sèrie d'objectius per al conjunt de la UE en l'horitzó del 2010 i així ho ha fet també pel 2020. Un principi rector bàsic de l'Estratègia Europea d'Ocupació és el paradigma de l'activació, segons el qual es tendeix a responsabilitzar a l'individu de la seva situació respecte a l'ocupació. L'activació és, igualment, l'element que guia l'aplicació de polítiques actives d'ocupació; la concreció del qual es duu a terme al territori, a l'àmbit local. L'àmbit local és, precisament, on millor es pot delimitar l'objectiu de les polítiques actives, l'adequació entre l'oferta i la demanda de treball; també és on e poden satisfer millor les necessitats del teixit productiu, al mateix temps que s'atén a les característiques i expectatives de les persones. Les polítiques actives d'ocupació locals, negociades i articulades pels agents socials presents al territori poden, així mateix, afavorir la cohesió social i defugir algun dels elements negatius que s'associen al paradigma de l'activació. En aquest treball es presenten dos exemples concrets derivats de recerques específiques sobre la temàtica abordada, i on se subratlla la importància de l'especificitat local en les actuacions sobre l'ocupació i la seva llunyania de bona part de les premisses de l'activació impulsada per l'Estratègia Europea d'Ocupació.
Els col·lectius més febles del mercat laboral: l'excepció com a norma?
Authors: Carrasquer Oto Pilar , Recio Cáceres Carolina
Published: April 2015

La crisi iniciada en 2007 agreuja alguns dels trets estructurals de l'ocupació i del mercat laboral a Espanya, al mateix temps que defineix nous eixos de desigualtat. Les dones, els joves d’ambdós  sexes i les persones adultes majors de 45- 50 anys conformen el gruix dels col·lectius que pitjor suporten al mercat de treball, l'impacte de la crisi. La novetat resideix en l'aparició de l'edat-generació com a eix de desigualtat a sumar als de gènere i ètnia ja esmentats. Tot això apunta cap a una fragmentació del mercat laboral i un empitjorament de les condicions de treball, l'impacte del qual excedeix aquells col·lectius comunament catalogats com a col·lectius “febles” al mercat laboral.
La contrareforma laboral de 2012
Authors: Pérez Amorós Francesc
Published: April 2015

La reforma laboral de 2012 es vertebra entorn de la Llei 3/2012, de 6 de juliol, de mesures urgents per a la reforma del mercat laboral,  text que va entrar en vigor el dia 8 de juliol de 2012. Una Llei que encimbella el “mercat” -“laboral”-  a la categoria de subjecte de dret. Des de l'òptica de la política del dret, la Llei 3/2012, reordena les fonts reguladores de les relacions laborals reconfigurant els poders normatius; i des de l'òptica de la lògica jurídica, fa servir, inadequadament, categories jurídiques. La reforma de 2012  no és una reforma més ni és exemple de l'autèntic reformisme laboral, sinó que és una autèntica contrareforma laboral.
La modificació substancial de les condicions de treball i la inaplicació del conveni col·lectiu com a instrument de manteniment de l'ocupació després de la reforma laboral de 2012
Authors: Gala Durán Carolina
Published: April 2015

Un dels objectius bàsics de la reforma laboral de 2012 és el foment de la flexibilitat interna com a instrument alternatiu a l'acomiadament dels treballadors. És a dir, es defensa que una ocupació més flexible en les seves condicions essencials (funcions, ordenació del temps de treball, lloc de treball, retribucions…) evitaria o, almenys, reduiria els acomiadaments, ja que les empreses podrien fer front a les seves necessitats productives i/o organitzatives sense haver de recórrer a aquells. I seguint aquesta lògica, la reforma citada ha ampliat, d'una forma important, les possibilitats de modificació, sovint unilateral, de les condicions essencials de treball dels treballadors per part de l'empresa. L'objectiu d'aquest treball és analitzar amb detall dos de les mesures concretes de flexibilitat interna, clarament interrelacionades entre sí, així com de quina manera la reforma laboral de 2012 es pretén contribueixi a mantenir l'ocupació en una empresa. Aquestes dues mesures són la modificació substancial de les condicions de treball (article 41 de l'Estatut dels Treballadors) i la inaplicació de determinades condicions de treball regulades en un conveni col·lectiu (article 82.3 de l'Estatut dels Treballadors).
Una aproximació a l'acomiadament col·lectiu a Europa: breu comparació dels casos espanyol, francès, alemany i italià
Authors: Ysàs Molinero Helena
Published: April 2015

El present text té per objectiu oferir informació sobre la regulació dels acomiadaments col·lectius en tres països del nostre entorn (França, Alemanya i Itàlia), en funció de les normes de la qual s’examina amb freqüència la normativa espanyola. Es tracta d'informació bàsica que, no obstant això, va més enllà de la mera comparació dels costos de l'acomiadament i aborda qüestions com les causes que ho justifiquen, els seus efectes, la intervenció de l'Administració, dels representants dels treballadors i de l'autoritat judicial, o les mesures d'acompanyament amb vocació d'oferir, en la mesura possible, una perspectiva comparada.
La relation entre l’intensité perçue d’utilisation de la messagerie électronique et la qualité de la relation hiérarchique
Authors: de La Rupelle Géraldine , Guthrie Cameron , Kalika Michel
Published: April 2015

Stress, conflits, surcharge, pression et contrôle, mais aussi gain de temps, motivation, accessibilité… sont autant de mots souvent prononcés à l’évocation de la messagerie électronique, tout particulièrement lorsqu’elle est associée aux relations hiérarchiques.

Bien que les chercheurs et praticiens reconnaissent les effets du média sur la relation hiérarchique, la recherche académique peine à expliquer la nature de leur relation ainsi que les variables explicatives de cette même relation. Visant à répondre à ces questions, la problématique centrale de notre étude consiste à examiner la relation entre l’utilisation de la messagerie électronique et la qualité de la relation hiérarchique en mettant l’accent sur trois variables médiatrices : la reconnaissance, le contrôle et l’accessibilité.

L’étude empirique a été réalisée au sein d’une banque de réseau française. Une étude qualitative exploratoire a contribué à la construction d’échelles de mesure utilisées ensuite dans un dispositif de recherche quantitatif : 478 questionnaires valides ont permis une analyse du modèle par la méthode des équations structurelles.

Les résultats révèlent que l’intensité perçue d’utilisation du média est liée positivement à la qualité de la relation hiérarchique lorsque la relation est considérée isolément des variables médiatrices. En revanche, lorsque nous traitons le modèle dans son ensemble — en introduisant les variables médiatrices de reconnaissance, contrôle et accessibilité — la relation directe entre utilisation de la messagerie électronique et qualité de la relation hiérarchique n’est plus validée. La reconnaissance et le contrôle sont des mécanismes explicatifs de cette relation, tandis que l’accessibilité n’explique que partiellement la relation entre messagerie électronique et qualité de la relation hiérarchique. Outre les apports méthodologiques que procure la construction du modèle et celle des échelles de mesure, la présente recherche vise à fournir des pistes pour une amélioration des pratiques de communication électronique au sein de la dyade supérieur hiérarchique/subordonné.
Challenges of Teaching Live and Distance Audiences Simultaneously
Authors: Davis Stephen Scott , Hurtubise Larry
Published: April 2015

The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association (JAOA) encourages osteopathic physicians, faculty members and students at colleges of osteopathic medicine, and others within the health care professions to submit comments related to articles published in the JAOA and the mission of the osteopathic medical profession. The JAOA's editors are particularly interested in letters that discuss recently published original research.

Letters must be submitted online at http://www.osteopathic.org/JAOAsubmit. Letters to the editor are considered for publication in the JAOA with the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere and are not simultaneously under consideration by any other publication. All accepted letters to the editor are subject to editing and abridgment.

Although the JAOA welcomes letters to the editor, these contributions have a lower publication priority than other submissions. As a consequence, letters are published only when space allows.
Developing Technology-Enhanced Active Learning for Medical Education: Challenges, Solutions, and Future Directions
Authors: McCoy Lise , Pettit Robin K. , Lewis Joy H. , Bennett Thomas , Carrasco Noel , Brysacz Stanley , Makin Inder Raj S. , Hutman Ryan , Schwartz Frederic N.
Published: April 2015

Growing up in an era of video games and Web-based applications has primed current medical students to expect rapid, interactive feedback. To address this need, the A.T. Still University–School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona (Mesa) has developed and integrated a variety of approaches using technology-enhanced active learning for medical education (TEAL-MEd) into its curriculum. Over the course of 3 years (2010-2013), the authors facilitated more than 80 implementations of games and virtual patient simulations into the education of 550 osteopathic medical students. The authors report on 4 key aspects of the TEAL-MEd initiative, including purpose, portfolio of tools, progress to date regarding challenges and solutions, and future directions. Lessons learned may be of benefit to medical educators at academic and clinical training sites who wish to implement TEAL-MEd activities. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2015;115(4):202-211 doi:10.7556/jaoa.2015.042
Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination-USA Level 1 and Level 2-Cognitive Evaluation Preparation and Outcomes
Authors: Maholtz Danielle E. , Erickson Michael J. , Cymet Tyler
Published: April 2015

The Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination-USA (COMLEX-USA) assesses the competence of osteopathic physicians in training. It is designed to protect the public by setting minimum competence standards. All osteopathic medical students must pass COMLEX-USA Level 1, Level 2-Cognitive Evaluation, and Level 2-Performance Evaluation before being allowed to graduate from an osteopathic medical school. Residency training programs use COMLEX-USA scores as a major factor in deciding whom they will interview and admit into their programs. In addition, colleges of osteopathic medicine use student COMLEX-USA scores as an external assessment of their success in educating students. Because COMLEX-USA is a high-stakes examination series, it is important to understand predictive factors for performance. The authors review the literature on the relationship between COMLEX-USA scores and correlated student variables. Results from the Council on Osteopathic Student Government Presidents' survey on students' preparation methods and performance are also provided.J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2015;115(4):232-235 doi:10.7556/jaoa.2015.046
Landsat verileri ve lineer spektral ayriştirma (unmixing) yöntemi kullanilarak izmit körfezi çevresinde kentsel değişim alanlarinin belirlenmesi
Authors: UYSAL Cihan , MAKTAV Derya
Published: April 2015

Özet

Globalleşmenin en temel etkilerinden biri kentsel alanlardaki hızlı büyümedir. Bu büyüme eğilimi, kentlerin dinamik yapısından kaynaklanmaktadır. Kentsel büyümedeki bu artış bazen kontrol edilemez bir hale geldiğinde doğal kaynaklara zarar verebilmekte, arazi örtüsü ve arazi kullanımında değişikliklere yol açabilmektedir. Bu yüzden kentsel alanların periyodik olarak izlenmesi gerekir. Kentsel büyümeleri izlemede uzaktan algılama güvenilir bir araçtır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin en çok endüstriyelleşmiş bölgelerinden biri olan İzmit Körfezi çevresi çalışma alanı olarak seçilmiştir. Çalışma alanındaki kentsel büyümeyi değerlendirmek için spektral karışım analizi (spectral mixture analysis (SMA)) yöntem olarak seçilmiştir. Uzaktan algılama görüntüleri, arazi örtüsü ve arazi kullanımı haritalarının oluşturulmasında temel araç oluşturmaktadır. Ancak, bu haritalarda mekansal detay kaybı söz konusudur, zira alana karşılık gelen her bir piksel sadece tek bir değerle temsil edilmektedir. Bu durum, özellikle de kentsel alan gibi heterojen yapıdaki alanlarda hatalı sınıflandırmalara yol açmaktadır. Bir piksel, kendisini oluşturan bileşenlerine ayrıştırılarak (unmixing) ilgili alana ait daha doğru sınıflandırma sonucu elde edilebilir. Spektral karışım analizinde, yeryüzeyi yansıtımının fiziksel temsilini sağlamak amacıyla lineer karışım modelleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada spektral karışım analizi, 1984, 1999 ve 2009 yıllarına ait LANDSAT görüntülerine uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, arazi örtüsündeki değişimler ve özellikle de kentsel büyüme alanları, ilgili SMA yöntemi kullanılarak hassas biçimde saptanmıştır.
White Dot Syndromes
Authors: Biswas Jyotirmay , Shetty Sachin B , Palla Swetha
Published: April 2015

The White Dot Syndromes (WDS) comprise of a hetereogenous group of disorders characterized by multiple whitish-yellow inflammatory lesions affecting the outer retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid. It comprises of : Birdshot retinochoroidopathy, Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE), Geographic Helicoid peripapillary choroidopathy (GHPC), Multifocal choroiditis (MFC) & panuveitis syndrome, Punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC), Sub-retinal fibrosis and uveitis syndrome (SFU), Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS), Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN), Retinal pigment epithelitis (Krill’s disease), Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR). Etiology of WDS is unknown. Both Infectious cause & autoimmune etiology has been hypothesized. Treatment varies according to the individual disease condition.