bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Farmácia Clínica Baseada em Evidências
Authors: Entringer Bottacin Wallace , Torelli Reis Walleri Christini , Teles de Souza Thaís
Published: May 2024

Livro de resumos do 3º Congresso Brasileiro de Farmacoterapia e Farmácia Clínica – 2023. A Farmácia Clínica é uma força transformadora no universo da saúde. Ela não apenas molda o bem-estar dos indivíduos, mas também influencia positivamente as comunidades e sistemas de saúde em uma escala mais ampla. Este livro reflete a crescente importância da inovação e da evolução contínua nesse campo. As páginas a seguir são um testemunho do trabalho incansável de pesquisadores e profissionais em todo o Brasil, que dedicam suas carreiras à exploração e ao aperfeiçoamento desta ciência. Aqui, você encontrará um rico mosaico de estudos e experiências, cada um representando um aspecto único e vital da Farmácia Clínica. Estes trabalhos não apenas destacam as práticas atuais, mas também apontam para futuras direções e possibilidades. Eles são a expressão do nosso compromisso coletivo com a inovação e a excelência. Embarque nesta jornada conosco e descubra o poder da Farmácia Clínica baseada em evidências para transformar vidas e comunidades. Que sua leitura seja tão transformadora quanto os conhecimentos que ela compartilha.
Capacity Building Initiatives for the Informally Trained Mechanics on the Repairs and Servces of Modern Motor Vehicles for Sustaining Service Workshops in Nsukka, Nigeria
Authors: Opeyemi Olaitan Olawale , Mary Olaitan Tawakalitu
Published: May 2024

As a result of the complexity of the innovative technologies embedded in the modern motor vehicles components, systems, sub-systems and because of the  increasing sensitivity in  technology transfer which has consequently facilitate the assimilation and adaptation of technology, has posed a challenge to the informally trained  motor vehicle mechanics in the repairs and services of modern motor vehicles which suffice the need  to ameliorate their capacity building needs. The study was therefore design to identify areas of the modern motor vehicles components, systems and sub-systems where the mechanics requires capacity and proffering some capacity building initiatives for coping with the challenges of the innovative technologies in modern motor vehicles for sustaining service workshops. Two research questions were stated in line with the specific purpose of the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population for the study is 150 comprising the master craftsmen, journey-men and apprentices in the informal sector of motor vehicle repair and service workshops. A thirty two (32) items questionnaire was developed from an extensive review of literature on the different areas of modern motor vehicles components, systems, sub-systems, and proffered capacity building initiates for coping with the challenges of the innovative technologies in modern motor vehicles for sustaining service workshops. Three experts from the department of Industrial Technical Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka with stress in Automobile Technology validated the instrument. Cronbach Alpha reliability method was used to determine the internal consistency of the instrument. A reliability coefficient of 0.88 was obtained. The data were analyzed using the mean and standard deviation. It was found out that eighteen (18) questionnaire items were considered as the different areas of modern motor vehicles components, systems, sub-systems, where the mechanics requires capacity and fourteen (14) questionnaire items were also considered as the   proffered capacity building initiates for coping with the challenges of the innovative technologies in modern motor vehicles for sustaining service workshops. It was therefore recommended that stakeholders should implement the capacity building initiates for coping with the challenges of the innovative technologies in modern motor vehicles such as, given incentives or remunerations/ wages, the master craftsmen should be encouraged to embark on training to widen or broaden his knowledge on innovations in automobile and transfer same to his apprentices for sustaining service workshops.
Dialogue: Response to Cafferky
Authors: Hagenbuch David J.
Published: May 2024

I appreciate Dr. Cafferky’s acceptance of my invitation to offer “further analysis and discussion of this morally important issue”—should advertising employ shock tactics? Over the course of his response, Dr. Cafferky makes several good points and poses a number of helpful questions. At the same time, some of his analysis invites rebuttal.
Rocket Fuel for a Quest
Authors: Cafferky Michael E.
Published: May 2024

At my first interaction with the Journal of Biblical Integration in Business (JBIB) in 2000, the Journal ignited rocket fuel in my quest to understand what the Bible says about business. At the time, I could not have predicted what change this might bring to the trajectory of my career. As it turned out, this interaction played a vital role in my decision to alter my course from the healthcare industry and land in higher education. Reading just one issue launched my curiosity of what it might be like to teach in a Christian business school. From that time forward, my appetite became insatiable for anything that had been written relating to biblical integration in business.
The Sales Process as a Framework for Witnessing
Authors: Rippe Cindy B. , Campbell D. Keith
Published: May 2024

Given the challenges for believers to share their faith, this manuscript suggests an innovative approach for witnessing to others through the application of the marketing literature’s seven-step sales process. By viewing the witnessing interaction as similar to a sales situation, this article explores ways to help others realize their need for God in the same way that a salesperson helps a prospect realize a need for a product or service. This approach is shared by integrating the sales process expressed through specific selling tactics described in existing marketing literature and by presenting examples found in the New Testament. Practical examples of using sales techniques when witnessing are provided for easy implementation.
Pelatihan Koperasi Syariah Pemuda
Authors: Mulianah Baiq , Taqiuddin Habibul Umam
Published: May 2024

Lahirnya koperasi syari’ah merupakan koreksi atas praktik perkoperasian yang dikenal dengan koperasi konvensional yang dinilai tidak sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip syari’ah. Perbedaan koperasi syariah dengan koperasi konvensional (non syariah) hanya terletak pada teknis operasionalnya saja, dimana koperasi syariah mengharamkan bunga dan mengusung etika moral. tujuan dakegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah (1) Untuk meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia pengurus koperasi syariah bagi pemuda di kecamatan Dasan Agung Kota Mataram, (2) Untuk mengembangkan kinerja pengurus koperasi sebelum dan sesudah mengikuti pelatihan koperasi syariah pemuda. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan Pelatihan Koperasi Syariah Pemuda yang dilaksanakan di Kampus Langko Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Nusa Tenggara Barat adalah focus group discussion (FGD). Hasil kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini antara lain 1) Para peserta sangat antusias dalam setiap materi yang diberikan, karena berhubungan langsung dengan persoalan di lapangan; 2) Para peserta mulai memahami prinsip-prinsip dasar koperasi syariah; 3) Para Peserta mulai merumuskan strategi pengembangan koperasi syariah di kalangan pemuda; 4) Para Peserta menginginkan pelatihan koperasi syariah lanjutan untuk mengembangkan koperasi syariah.
Peningkatan Kesadaran Masyarakat Untuk Mengelola Sampah Melalui Edukasi Pencegahan Bencana Banjir
Authors: Rahmayanti Yeni Nur , Wulandari Dewi , Novitayanti Eka , Kusdhiarningsih Betty , Wulandari Tri , Gilang Abriani Nurul
Published: May 2024

Sampah merupakan sarana penyakit, sampah yang dibuang ke sungai dapat menyebabkan banjir. Desa Mojorejo merupakan tempat pembuangan sampah terbesar di Sukoharjo. Bencana banjir merupakan limpahan air yang melebihi tinggi muka air normal, sehingga melimpah dari palung sungai menyebabkan adanya genangan pada lahan rendah di sisi sungai. Pada umumnya banjir di sebabkan oleh curah hujan yang tinggi diatas normal sehingga sistem pengaliran air yang yang terdiri sungai dan anak sungai alamiah serta sistem drainase dangkal penampung banjir buatan yang ada tidak mampu menampung akumulasi air hujan tersebut, sehingga meluap. Bencana banjir Bandang adalah bencana banjir yang biasanya terjadi pada aliran sungai yang kemiringan dasar sungai curam. Aliran banjir yang tinggi dan sangat cepat dan limpahan dapat membawa batu besar atau bongkahan dan pepohonan serta merusak atau menghanyutkan apa saja yang di lewati namun cepat surut kembali. Dengan adanya kejadian bencana banjir tersebut maka kedepannya perlu meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat dalam mengelola sampah untuk pencegahan terjadinya bencana banjir. Masyarakat menjadi sasaran terhadap peningkatan kapasitas dikarenakan masyarakat yang terkena bencana alam banjir. Desa Mojorejo terdapat 6 dukuh, dukuh tersebut antara lain Mojorejo, Masan, Losari, Sambilutung, Tangkil, dan Tempukrejo. Dukuh Mojorejo terdapat RT 1, 2 dan RW 1 dengan Jumlah warga desa Mojorejo 300 orang dan jumlah ibu-ibu di dukuh Mojorejo RW 01 sebanyak 43 orang dengan berbagai permasalahan yang kompleks, dan dari hasil survei dan wawancara. Para warga masih banyak kurang pengetahuan dan pemahaman warga terkait mitigasi bencana banjir.
Edukasi Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat Untuk Remaja
Authors: Sulistiawati Febrina , Septiani Baiq Dewi Sukma
Published: May 2024

Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) merupakan serangkaian program yang dicanangkan oleh Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia yang bertujuan untuk mengubah perilaku masyarakat dari tidak sehat menjadi berperilaku sehat. Program ini masih perlu disosialisasikan dengan baik kepada seluruh elemen masyarakat. Salah satu kelompok masyarakat yang perlu diberikan edukasi terkait dengan PHBS adalah kelompok remaja. Hal ini karena remaja berada pada fase kehidupan dengan rasa ingin tahu yang tinggi sehingga merupakan kelompok prioritas untuk diberikan edukasi. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa tentang perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat di lingkungan sekolah. Sasaran dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah 30 siswa SMPN 18 Mataram. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan edukasi ini adalah penyuluhan. Evaluasi kegiatan diperoleh melalui kuesioner tingkat pengetahuan pretest dan posttest. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatnya pengetahuan siswa mengenai PHBS dengan kategori baik dari semula 13% menjadi 67%.
Gambaran Status Gizi dan Asupan Zat Gizi Makro Kelompok Lansia Rumah Senja Di Desa Jenggik Kabupaten Lombok Timur
Authors: Sulistiawati Febrina , Septiani Baiq Dewi Sukma
Published: May 2024

Pada saat ini, Indonesia menempati peringkat lima besar negara di dunia dengan jumlah lansia terbanyak. Terdapat banyak perubahan dan masalah yang terjadi pada lansia seiring dengan proses penuaan, seperti penurunan fungsi biologis, psikologis, sosial, ataupun ekonomi. Semua perubahan yang terjadi pada lansia ini tentu saja akan menjadi stressor bagi lansia dan akan mempengaruhi kesejahteraan hidup lansia. Bagi lansia pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi yang diberikan dengan baik dapat membantu dalam proses beradaptasi atau menyesuaikan diri dengan perubahan-perubahan yang dialaminya. Selain itu dapat pula menjaga kelangsungan pergantian sel-sel tubuh sehingga dapat memperpanjang usia. Kebutuhan kalori pada lansia berkurang karena berkurangnya kalori dasar dari kebutuhan fisik. Kalori dasar adalah kalori yang dibutuhkan untuk melakukan kegiatan tubuh dalam keadaan istirahat, misalnya : untuk jantung, usus, pernafasan dan ginjal. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka dipandang perlu untuk melakukan analisis status gizi kelompok lansia binaan Lembaga Rumah Senja di Desa Jenggik, Kecamatan Terara Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif yaitu suatu metode penelitian yang dilakukan dengan tujuan utama untuk membuat gambaran tentang suatu keadaan secara objektif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis status gizi kelompok lansia binaan Lembaga Rumah Senja di Desa Jenggik Kecamatan Terara Kabupaten Lombok Timur.
Special Operations: Deploying artists’ methods to investigate surveillance
Authors:   , Butler Rose
Published: May 2024

Surveillance methodologies incorporating processes of observation, technique, imaging and analysis, have extensive material and processual crossovers with the work of artists. Creative practices employ the material qualities of new technologies and examine their application beyond specialist use. Artists’ practices span or blur ways of working straddling disciplines that have conflicting authorities, histories or representation. Arts research has the potential to extend what is visible, whilst working in response to specific environments, and expand established methodological frameworks. Some arts practices share commonalities or collaborate with investigative journalism. However, the idiosyncratic nature of arts practice means that its unique value has the potential to be overlooked or fall ‘under the radar’. The study adds definition to the unique characteristics of arts research through three key questions: can artistic practice enact a critical analysis into the optical regime of surveillance practices; how might an understanding of the materials and techniques of surveillance inform our knowledge of the political and ethical frameworks that authorise its use; how might the processual and material qualities of arts practice and investigative journalism complement each other? The study draws from key artists’ work to understand the affordances of the ‘image’ and shifts in relation to the technologies that determine them: Harun Farocki’s work on militarised visioning; Hito Steyerl’s analysis of the pervasiveness of surveillance in a contemporary image; Eyal Weizman’s examination of the stratification of vision and image hierarchies; and a forensic analysis of materials by Susan Schuppli and Lawrence Abu Hamdan. These expanded qualities of the image consider how these forces exert as well as disrupt authorship and, through this, authority. The study considers artists’ ability to straddle roles through performative resistant practices by Lewis Bush, Jill Gibbon, Kypros Kyprianou, Ian Nesbitt, Jack Tan, Mark McGowan and the Clandestine Insurgent Rebel Clown Army. The research takes place at the Houses of Parliament, London, during the passage of the Investigatory Powers Act (2016) followed by analysis of archival film, video and photography from hidden cameras at the Stasi Records Agency. Research methods employ props, writing, performance-lectures, and exhibitions. Retro spyware is used covertly whilst the Investigatory Powers Bill is debated, to question what might become visible when surveillance techniques are repurposed to look at surveillance. Research findings emphasise, iterative, nuanced and minor processes founded in making art that extend technique through grounded, situated and relational critique. A search for definition within the study is examined within images, arts methods, surveillance and ethics. The study emphasises the importance of arts research within wider contexts and its potential to question established research orthodoxies.
Adapted and validated psychological health scale in the doctoral context
Authors: Vincent Cynthia , Plante Isabelle , Tremblay-Wragg Émilie , Barroso da Costa Carla
Published: May 2024

Despite the growing number of studies on the psychological health of doctoral students, interest seems to be focused on their psychological distress. This may be due to the lack of available tools contextualized to doctoral work to measure both psychological distress and well-being, which represent two indissociable aspects of psychological health. Since such a tool appears essential for future empirical research that will attempt, for example, to clarify the predictors and consequences of this construct, the present study aimed to adapt an existing work- related psychological health scale (Gilbert et al., 2011) into a short, doctoral- contextualized version, and to examine its psychometric qualities. Four indicators of construct validity (exploratory, confirmatory, convergent, and predictive) and two indicators of reliability (internal consistency and temporal stability) were examined among two samples including 380 and 377 doctoral students, respectively. A short unidimensional scale comprising eight items (four items measuring the distress pole and four items measuring the well-being pole) with good psychometric qualities was obtained, supporting its use in future studies.
Near forward scattering light of planar film target driven by broadband laser
Authors: Long Xin-Yu , Wang Pei-Pei , An Hong-Hai , Xiong Jun , Xie Zhi-Yong , Fang Zhi-Heng , Sun Jin-Ren , Wang Chen ,   Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Shanghai 201800, China
Published: May 2024

Laser plasma interaction (LPI) has always been an important research topic in the ignition phase of inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Over the years, researchers have attempted to use various laser beam smoothing schemes and optimized light source solutions to suppress the development of LPI. Among them, low-coherence laser drivers have attracted widespread attention in the fields of laser-plasma physics and laser technology in recent years. Recently, a broadband second harmonic laser facility named “Kunwu” has provided a reliable experimental research platform for the LPI process driven by broadband lasers. Aiming at the strong stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in the LPI process of large-scale low-density plasma, forward scattering experiment and near-forward scattering experiment on C8H8 planar film targets driven by broadband laser and narrowband laser under the same conditions are carried out. Based on the “Kunwu” laser facility, two sets of measurement systems are designed, one is centered around fiber-heads and spectrometer, and the other around phototubes and oscilloscope. These systems enable multi-directional precise measurements of scattered lightand a comprehensive analysis of LPI. The main focus is on the comparison of the components and spectral information of the scattering beams between broadband laser and narrowband laser, and it is found that the LPI processes driven by broadband laser and narrowband laser are greatly different. Additionally, preliminary results indicate that broadband laser exhibits a stronger penetration capability than narrowband laser. The time to ablation the target and penetrate the plasma are both nearly 1 ns ahead, with the transmitted energy increased by nearly an order of magnitude. And after penetrating the plasma, there is a smaller spatial divergence angle. These results provide good reference value for better understanding the effect of broadband laser on LPI.
On some identities for the DGC Leonardo sequence
Authors:   Istanbul Bilgi University, Yılmaz Çiğdem Zeynep , Saçlı Gülsüm Yeliz ,   Istanbul Gelisim University
Published: May 2024

In this study, we examine the Leonardo sequence with dual-generalized complex ($\mathcal{DGC}$) coefficients for $\mathfrak{p} \in \mathbb R$. Firstly, we express some summation formulas related to the $\mathcal{DGC}$ Fibonacci, $\mathcal{DGC}$ Lucas, and $\mathcal{DGC}$ Leonardo sequences. Secondly, we present some order-$2$ characteristic relations, involving d’Ocagne's, Catalan's, Cassini's, and Tagiuri's identities. The essential point of the paper is that one can reduce the calculations of the $\mathcal{DGC}$ Leonardo sequence by considering $\mathfrak{p}$. This generalization gives the dual-complex Leonardo sequence for $ \mathfrak p =-1$, hyper-dual Leonardo sequence for $ \mathfrak p =0$, and dual-hyperbolic Leonardo sequence for $ \mathfrak p =1$.
The role of RNA in the maintenance of chromatin domains as revealed by antibody-mediated proximity labelling coupled to mass spectrometry
Authors: Choudhury Rupam , Venkateswaran Venkatasubramani Anuroop , Hua Jie , Borsò Marco , Franconi Celeste , Kinkley Sarah , Forné Ignasi , Imhof Axel
Published: May 2024

Eukaryotic chromatin is organized into functional domains, that are characterized by distinct proteomic compositions and specific nuclear positions. In contrast to cellular organelles surrounded by lipid membranes, the composition of distinct chromatin domains is rather ill described and highly dynamic. To gain molecular insight into these domains and explore their composition, we developed an antibody-based proximity biotinylation method targeting the RNA and proteins constituents. The method that we termed antibody-mediated proximity labelling coupled to mass spectrometry (AMPL-MS) does not require the expression of fusion proteins and therefore constitutes a versatile and very sensitive method to characterize the composition of chromatin domains based on specific signature proteins or histone modifications. To demonstrate the utility of our approach we used AMPL-MS to characterize the molecular features of the chromocenter as well as the chromosome territory containing the hyperactive X chromosome in Drosophila. This analysis identified a number of known RNA-binding proteins in proximity of the hyperactive X and the centromere, supporting the accuracy of our method. In addition, it enabled us to characterize the role of RNA in the formation of these nuclear bodies. Furthermore, our method identified a new set of RNA molecules associated with the Drosophila centromere. Characterization of these novel molecules suggested the formation of R-loops in centromeres, which we validated using a novel probe for R-loops in Drosophila. Taken together, AMPL-MS improves the selectivity and specificity of proximity ligation allowing for novel discoveries of weak protein–RNA interactions in biologically diverse domains.
Cell-cycle and Age-Related Modulations in Mouse Chromosome Stiffness
Authors: Liu Ning , Qiang Wenan , Jordan Philip , Marko John , Qiao Huanyu
Published: May 2024

The intricate structure of chromosomes is complex, and many aspects of chromosome configuration/organization remain to be fully understood. Measuring chromosome stiffness can provide valuable insights into their structure. However, the nature of chromosome stiffness, whether static or dynamic, remains elusive. In this study, we analyzed chromosome stiffness in MI and MII oocytes. We revealed that MI oocytes had a ten-fold increase in stiffness compared to mitotic chromosomes, whereas chromosome stiffness in MII oocytes was relatively low chromosome. We then investigated the contribution of meiosis-specific cohesin complexes to chromosome stiffness in MI and MII oocytes. Surprisingly, the Young’s modulus of chromosomes from the three meiosis-specific cohesin mutants did not exhibit significant differences compared to the wild type, indicating that these proteins may not play a substantial role in determining chromosome stiffness. Additionally, our findings revealed an age-related increase in chromosome stiffness in MI oocytes. Age correlates with elevated DNA damage levels, so we investigated the impact of etoposide-induced DNA damage on chromosome stiffness, discovering a reduction in stiffness in response to such damage in MI oocytes. Overall, our study underscores the dynamic nature of chromosome stiffness, subject to changes influenced by the cell cycle and age.
Cnidarians are CLOCKing in
Authors: Kwiatkowski Erica R , Emery Patrick
Published: May 2024

Studies of the starlet sea anemone provide important insights into the early evolution of the circadian clock in animals.
Avaliação do sistema de mobilidade urbana sustentável do DF: +BIKE
Authors: Silva Júnior Adilson Gomes da , Silveira Júnior Aldery , Silva Leonardo da Rocha Gonçalves da
Published: May 2024

A estrutura da mobilidade urbana das metrópoles está calcada prioritariamente em veículos que utilizam combustíveis fósseis e geram engarrafamentos e desconforto da população. O estudo realizado teve como foco principal avaliar o sistema e mobilidade urbana sustentável do Distrito Federal, denominado +Bike. Para isso, utilizou-se um modelo de avaliação pautado na metodologia multicritério de apoio à decisão (MCDA). A partir deste método, foi possível avaliar a percepção do usuário em relação aos seguintes critérios: infraestrutura, bicicletas, aplicativo do +Bike, segurança do sistema, preço do serviço e o marketing do sistema. Constatou-se que o +Bike precisa de algumas melhorias e de constante manutenção para que o seu uso seja incentivado, de modo a influenciar o desenvolvimento sustentável do sistema de mobilidade do Distrito Federal.
Case Series of Primary Breast Tuberculosis Presenting as a Lump: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Rao Shobitha , Aneesha S
Published: May 2024

Tuberculosis of the breast is rare, even in countries where the disease is endemic. Breast tuberculosis usually occurs secondary to infection elsewhere. Less commonly, it may be the primary site with no demonstrable focus elsewhere. It is mainly encountered in immunosuppressed individuals, those with a history of trauma and suppurative mastitis. It commonly presents as a lump in the breast, but other presentations such as breast abscess, dull aching pain, nipple discharge, etc., have been reported. Multiparous and lactating women in their second to fourth decade are commonly affected. Studies have shown that microbiological diagnosis is limited to a few cases, and histopathology is the mainstay in diagnosing cases of breast tuberculosis. In the present case series, two cases (44-year-old and 40-year-old females) presented with a painless, ill-defined lump in the left breast. Another case (33- year-old female) presented with a lump in the left breast with dull aching pain. Constitutional symptoms were absent in all of the present case series patients. Microbiological positivity in the form of Cartridge-based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT) positivity was seen in only one of the patients. Biopsy of all these cases showed non caseating granuloma. All the patients had primary breast tuberculosis with no other organ involvement. All the patients were started on standard antitubercular therapy with a fixed drug combination, following an initial delay due to the non caseating nature of the granuloma. All of them responded well to the therapy. The present case series compared the characteristics and delved deeply into the current data and research on breast tuberculosis to understand the same.
Assessment of Water Resources Potential of Ogun River for Irrigation Purposes at Middle Ogun Irrigation Project
Authors: M.A. Babatunde, , J.O. Ojediran, , P.O. Okekunle,
Published: May 2024

The Middle Ogun Irrigation Project (MOIP) was conceived by the Federal Government of Nigeria to boost agricultural food production in the southwestern part of the country using modern irrigation facilities. However, water supply from the Ikere Gorge dam has been intermittent, particularly at the intake weir of this project, despite the enormous water resources on the dam. Therefore, this project assessed the water resources potential at the Odo Ogun intake weir guage station of the Middle Ogun Irrigation Project and evaluated the seasonal irrigation requirements on irrigation fields. The Flow Duration Curve (FDC) was derived at the gauge site for streamflow discharge from four quartiles and percentage reliability of Q95%, Q75%, Q50% and Q25%, which gave 32.40, 55.01, 60.00 and 90.00 m3/s, respectively. Hydrological modelling of the catchment was carried out using the MapWindow Soil and Water Assessment Tool (MWSWAT) for ten delineated sub-basins on the catchment and the average annual yield from the catchment was 10,094.00 mm/year. The net seasonal irrigation requirement of crops grown was evaluated using CROPWAT 8.0 and gave 428.46 mm per planting season.
The Relationship between Spatial and Linguistic Intelligence with Mathematical Problem Solving Abilities
Authors: Darwis Rahma Hidayati , Mashuri Sufri , Tahmir Suradi , Talib Ahmad
Published: May 2024

There is emerging consensus that spatial intelligence and linguistic intelligence play fundamental roles in how individuals comprehend, express, approach, and solve mathematical problems. However, the underlying nature of this relationship remains challenging to grasp. Questions persist regarding how, why, and under what conditions spatial and linguistic intelligences are interrelated with mathematical problem-solving. This article addresses these questions through a literature review method, summarizing and synthesizing research from the fields of educational psychology and neuroscience. Findings indicate that spatial intelligence is associated with mathematical problem-solving. However, not all areas of mathematics have a consistent and strong relationship with spatial intelligence. In the findings of this article, a strong and consistent relationship between spatial intelligence and mathematical problem solving was found in areas such as geometry and algebra. As for linguistic intelligence, a fairly consistent relationship with mathematical problem solving ability was found. This may be because mathematical problem solving requires discursive skills, which are part of linguistic intelligence. The review concludes by considering the extent to which spatial and linguistic intelligence can be transferred to mathematical problem solving. Ultimately, this article aims to provide a more coherent and mechanistic explanation of the relationship between spatial and linguistic intelligences.
Study of Sleep Parameters on Respiratory Health and School Performance in Urban Children
Authors: Garg Sandeep , M. Megha , Puthenpurayil Susanna Jose , Rao Namrata , Sankhe Ajay
Published: May 2024

Background: Sleep plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and well-being of children, affecting their physical, psychological, and cognitive development. However, research has shown that sleep problems in children are increasingly prevalent, impacting their health and quality of life.
Objective: To study the impact of sleep parameters on respiratory illnesses and school performance among children of age group 3 to 15 years.
Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated questionnaire, in which 300 parents were asked about their children’s sleeping behaviours, as well as about the details of respiratory illness and school functioning. The children's growth parameters were also recorded.
Results: 97% of children with early bedtimes (before 10 PM) were found to be more attentive in the class and 83.7% of them had a lower risk of respiratory illness than 82.2% and 52% children with of late bedtimes consecutively (P<0.004). 93.9% of children with night sleep duration of >8 hours, were more attentive and 69.5% of them had a lesser frequency of respiratory illnesses than 78.7% and 53.7% of those with night sleep of <8 hours (P<0.001). The most frequent cause of abnormal sleep behaviour was late-night screen use (25.7%), leading to overweight/obesity in the study population.
Conclusion: Children with late bedtime, <8 hours of night sleep, sleep latency >30 minutes, and waking up difficulties had a higher risk of respiratory illnesses and poor school performance. Educating parents and teachers in early identification and correction of children with sleep disorders is very vital.
Assessing the Efficacy and Biological Benefits of Withanolide-rich Withania somnifera Root Extract
Authors: Devaraj Reddy KN  , Aluri Srilakshmi , Shetty Prathvi , Udaya Shreya , Prasad Shankara , Sudhanva MS  , Rangappa Shobith
Published: May 2024

The medicinal plant Withania somnifera, usually referred to as Ashwagandha, is a member of the Solanaceae family. The presence of Withanolides in the roots is responsible for a number of pharmacological effects in Ashwagandha. Withanolides have been demonstrated to be an effective neuronal, immune, anti-stress, and anti-cancer agent. However, Withanolides demonstrated limited permeability, lowering the bioavailability and efficacy of active compounds. The goal of the study was to ascertain the biological efficacy of Ashwagandha Composition, a blend of W. somnifera milk extract and water extract (1:1) with a high concentration of Withanolides (3-5%), at lower dosages with improved bioabsorption compared to pure Ashwagandha Hydro ethanolic extracts fortified with 2.5% withanolides. The W. somnifera Composition was assessed for its bioabsorption and bioefficacy by exploring its intestinal absorption capacity, Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition (82%), antioxidant potential (91%), glutathione reduction potential (15.6%), anti-inflammatory activity (87.2%), and anti-cancer activity. Additionally, Ashwagandha Composition was also evaluated for its safety profile. We found W. somnifera Composition (1:1) is more bioavailable and showed higher biological activity than the Ashwagandha Hydro ethanolic extract fortified with 2.5% withanolides (Ashwagandha extract). Hence, the W. somnifera a Composition can be used as a therapeutic medication once its safety concerns are addressed by in vivo trials.
Antik Çağ Anadolusun’da Bazı Bebek ve Çocuk Mezarları ve Ölü Gömme Gelenekleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Mutlu Gülseren
Published: May 2024

Antik Çağ bebek ve çocuk ölüm oranları yüksek oranda tespit edilmiştir. Arkeolojik buluntu olarak Anadolu’da ortaya çıkartılan mezarların ise sayı olarak çok fazla olmadığı bilinmektedir. Bu durumun etkenleri arasında bebek ve çocuk mezarlarının daha hassas olması ve çoğunlukla da tahrip edilmiş olmaları yer almaktadır. Buluntularda kronolojik bir sürekliliğin sağlanamaması ve sayının az olması konu üzerine yapılan değerlendirmeleri sınırlı bırakmaktadır. Bu sebeple bebek ve çocuk mezarlarının, gömü özellikleri ve buluntuları bakımından kültürlerarası karşılaştırmalarının yapılabilmesi daha olası sonuçların elde edilmesini sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmada Anadolu’da ele geçirilmiş bebek ve çocuk mezar buluntuları arasında dikkat çeken bazı örnekler üzerinden değerlendirmeler yapılmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu buluntulardan biri olan horoz figüründen yola çıkılarak mekansal bağlamda benzerlikler ya da farklılıklara dikkat çekilmek istenilmiştir. 2013-2023 yılları arası Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı verilerinden yararlanılarak yapılan değerlendirmelerde, arkeolojik malzemenin yetersiz kaldığı yerde antik ve modern kaynaklardan yararlanılmıştır.
Modifications to the algal growth inhibition test for use as a regulatory assay
Authors: Geis Steven W , Fleming Kari L , Korthals Eric T , Searle Greg , Reynolds Lou , Karner Dawn A
Published: March 2010

Biological assays using aquatic invertebrates and fish do not necessarily predict protection levels for primary producers such as algae and aquatic macrophytes. State regulatory programs may not be protecting the environment from many phytotoxic compounds. Recent modifications of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's algal test were evaluated for their potential use as a regulatory assay. Primary goals of this investigation were to downsize the algal assay and to evaluate various methods of automation. Disposable microplates with 2-ml sample wells were evaluated as an alternative testing chamber for the 96-h growth inhibition test with Raphidocelis subcapitata (formerly known as Selenastrum capricornutum). We compared the standardized Erlenmeyer® flask test to the microplate test using CuCl2, NaCl, phenol, ZnCl2, and a surfactant. We noted improved control performance with the microplate test, whereas median inhibitory concentration values were similar for both methods. Other procedures we addressed included the use of EDTA, filtration of samples, and the effect of colored samples on algal growth. We also evaluated growth estimates by comparing manual cell counting to more automated growth estimates using fluorescence and ab-sorbance endpoints. The use of fluorescence and absorbance measurements demonstrated reductions in replicate variability over manual counting and may offer time-saving alternatives for laboratory analysts.
Application ofCeriodaphnia dubiafor whole effluent toxicity tests in the hawkesbury–nepean watershed, New South Wales, Australia: Method development and validation
Authors: Bailey Howard C , Krassoi Rick , Elphick James R , Mulhall Ann-Maree , Hunt Peta , Tedmanson Louise , Lovell Adam
Published: March 2010

Use of Ceriodaphnia dubia for whole effluent toxicity testing programs is widespread in North America. However, the methods used for this species in the United States and Canada have not been validated in Australia for use in local waters with the local variant of the species. Consequently, we compared the effects of container size and volume, diet, and dilution water on the survival and reproduction of the local variant of C. dubia (the Sydney clone). We also evaluated the results of control performance and reference toxicant tests with potassium chloride and diazinon obtained over the course of a whole effluent toxicity testing program conducted on effluents discharged from sewage treatment plants into the Hawkesbury–Nepean drainage basin. Our data indicate that the general guidelines published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for conducting acute and chronic toxicity tests with C. dubia can be successfully applied to the Sydney clone with minor modifications and that both acute and chronic tests can be conducted with a high degree of success, provided that appropriate procedures are followed. Moreover, tests with a variety of chemicals indicated that the Sydney clone responded comparably to its North American counterparts, suggesting that existing databases for C. dubia can be applied to the Sydney clone. In addition, the use of test volumes between 20 and 200 ml did not affect the acute toxicity of the organophosphorous pesticide diazinon to this strain.
Metabolic responses to subacute toxicity of trace metals in a marine microalga (Thalassiosira weissflogii) measured by calorespirometry
Authors: Reinfelder John R , Jablonka Rachel E , Cheney Marcos
Published: March 2010

Metabolic responses to the subacute toxicities(non-growth-rate inhib iting)ofCd, Cu, and Znweremeasured in the coastal marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii using calorespirometry. Respiratory heat production and oxygen consumption rates were measured in diatom cells grown with concentrations of Cd2+ (10−12 to 10−8 M), Cu2+ (10−138 to 10−98 M), and Zn2+ (10−109 to 10−6.9 M) that are typical of urban and suburban coastal waters. These trace metals did not significantly inhibit diatom growth rates in high-nutrient, high-light laboratory cultures except for the highest concentrations of Cd (Cd2+ = 10−8 M) and Zn (Zn2+ = 10−6.9 M). Respiratory heat rates in cells grown with elevated, but non-growth-rate-inhibiting free Cu2+ ion concentrations (10−11.8 to 10−9.8 M) were up to 40% higher and oxygen consumption rates were 50 to 75% lower than control ([Cu2+] = 10−13.8 M) cells indicating a subacute depression of respiratory efficiency in Cu-exposed cells. Exposure to elevated free Cd2+ concentrations (10−10 to 10−8 M) caused dramatic short-term (hours) increases (five- to eight-fold) in respiratory oxygen consumption rates, which returned to normal in acclimated cells, suggesting a transient disruption of metabolism upon Cd exposure. Zinc did not significantly affect either respiratory parameter up to a free Zn concentration of 10−7.9 M, above which diatom growth rate was significantly reduced. The subacute toxic effects of Cd and Cu were more pronounced in low Mn than in Mn-replete cells, consistent with proposed Mn-Cd, -Cu antagonisms in marine phytoplankton. The range of free Cu2+ ion concentrations in coastal waters is similar to that found to cause a decrease in respiratory efficiency in T. weissflogii, thus coastal marine diatoms may be subject to the subacute metabolic toxicity of Cu. Free Cd2+ concentrations in coastal waters are below those found to cause transient subacute stress in T. weissflogii. Calorespirometry proved to be a sensitive tool for the assessment of the subacute toxicity of contaminant trace metals.
Hazard assessment of temephos applied to a southwest Florida, USA, salt marsh community
Authors: Pierce Richard H , Henry Michael S , Kelly Dan , Kozlowski Wendy
Published: March 2010

This investigation was undertaken to determine whether the mosquito larvicide temephos (applied as Abate 4-E ®) created an environmental hazard for nontarget organisms in a southwest Florida salt marsh community. Field toxicity tests were performed during routine larvicide applications using larvae of salt marsh crabs (Aratus pesonii and Uca rapax) and adult Mysidopsis bahia. Laboratory toxicity tests were performed using survival through 48 and 96 h and through first molt as toxicity endpoints. Larvae of both species exhibited 96 h lowest observable effects concentration (LOEC) in the range of 15 to 20 μg/L temephos. First-molt LOEC ranged from 7 to 12 μg/L. No effect on M. bahia survival, growth, or fecundity was observed up to 40 μg/L temephos. Field studies of routine temephos application rates produced an expected environmental concentration (EEC) of 12 ± 10 μg/L in marsh water, causing an environmental hazard to crab larvae. Reduction of the application rate effectively reduced the EEC to 4 ± 3 μg/L, indicating no hazard for 48 and 96 h toxicity; however, a hazard was observed for survival through the first molt. This information was used to modify larviciding applications to effect a reduction of the environmental hazard to nontarget organisms in the salt marsh.
What level of effect is a no observed effect?
Authors: Crane Mark , Newman Michael C
Published: March 2010

The no observed effect concentration (NOEC) is currently a major summary statistic in ecotoxicity testing. Its use is heavily criticized, partly because it is a poor estimator of “safe” chemical concentrations. In this short communication, we review the limited information available on the percentage effect that corresponds with the NOEC, a value designated the ECNOEC, and calculate ECNOEC values for fish growth data. The average ECNOEC for different test protocols was found to vary widely, with values for chronic studies ranging from 10 to 34%. Individual results varied even more widely. This analysis suggests that the NOEC is neither a consistent summary statistic nor an indicator of safe concentrations of toxic chemicals.
Cytotoxicity of settling particulate matter and sediments of the Neckar River (Germany) during a winter flood
Authors: Hollert Henner , Dürr Matthias , Erdinger Lothar , Braunbeck Thomas
Published: March 2010

To investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potentials of settling particulate matter (SPM) carried by the Neckar River, a well-studied model for a lock-regulated river in central Europe, during a flood, acute cytotoxicity was investigated using the fibroblast-like fish cell line RTG-2 with the neutral red retention, the succinic acid dehydrogenase (MTT), and the lactatedehydro-genase (LDH) release assays as well as microscopic inspection as endpoints. Genotoxicity of water, pore water, sediments, and SPM were assessed using the Ames test. Different extraction methods (Soxhlet extraction with solvents of variable polarity as well as a fluid/fluid extraction according to pH) in addition to a supplementation of biotests with S9 fractions from the liver of β-naphthoflavone/phenobarbital-induced rats allowed a further characterization of the biological damage. Both sediments and SPM extracts caused cytotoxic effects in RTG-2 cells. Cytotoxicity was found to increase significantly with polarity of extracting solvents (NR50 = effective concentration for 50% cell death in the neutral red test: 80 [65], 100 [70], 180 [220], and 225 [270] mg/ml for ethanol, acetone, dichloromethane, and n-hexane extracts, respectively, if measured with [without] S9 supplementation). Following extraction according to pH, cytotoxicity could be attributed mainly to neutral substances (NR50: 80 and 218 mg dry SPM/ml test medium for the neutral and the acid fractions, respectively), whereas the slightly acid and basic fractions already showed little or no cytotoxicity. Samples taken during the period of flood rise showed the highest cytotoxic activities. Cytotoxicity was significantly enhanced by the addition of S9 preparations. In contrast, no genotoxic activity was found in native surface waters, pore waters, and SPM.
Aerobic biodegradation of monobranched aliphatic alcohol polyethoxylates
Authors: Marcomini Antonio , Pojana Giulio , Carrer Claudio , Cavalli Luciano , Cassani Giorgio , Lazzarin Mario
Published: March 2010

Aerobic biodegradation of the 2-butyl-octyl alcohol polyethoxylate (2Bu-C8AE) was investigated under laboratory standardized conditions (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 301E and 310B screening test protocols) to study the effect of the 2-alkyl chain length on the biodegradation mechanism of monobranched alcohol polyethoxylates (AEs). The 2Bu-C8AE was compared with linear and monobranched AEs with short 2-alkyl chains, which were simultaneously tested under the same inoculum conditions. The metabolites identified and the primary biodegradation rate constants obtained indicate that the alkyl chain length of the 2-alkyl substituent is the factor governing the biodegradation pathway of monobranched AEs. Short 2-alkyl substituents (i.e., methyl and ethyl groups) allow the central cleavage mechanism to occur, which leads to the formation of polyethylene glycols, whereas AEs with longer alkyl substituents, such as the 2Bu-C8AE, biodegrade through hydrolytic oxidation of the alkyl and polyethoxylic chains, which leads to formation of AE metabolites with carboxylic groups on both the hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties.
Accumulation of heavy metals by vegetables grown in mine wastes
Authors: Cobb George P , Sands Kristin , Waters Melissa , Wixson Bobby G , Dorward-King Elaine
Published: March 2010

Lead, cadmium, arsenic, and zinc were quantified in mine wastes and in soils mixed with mine wastes. Metal concentrations were found to be heterogeneous in the wastes. Iceberg lettuce, Cherry Belle radishes, Roma bush beans, and Better Boy tomatoes were cultivated in mine wastes and in waste-amended soils. Lettuce and radishes had 100% survival in the 100% mine waste treatments compared to 0% and 25% survival for tomatoes and beans, respectively. Metal concentrations were determined in plant tissues to determine uptake and distribution of metals in the edible plant parts. Individual soil samples were collected beneath each plant to assess metal content in the immediate plant environment. This analysis verified heterogeneous metal content of the mine wastes. The four plant species effectively accumulated and translocated lead, cadmium, arsenic, and zinc. Tomato and bean plants contained the four metals mainly in the roots, and little was translocated to the fruits. Radish roots accumulated less metals compared to the leaves, whereas lettuce roots and leaves accumulated similar concentrations of the four metals. Lettuce leaves and radish roots accumulated significantly more metals than bean and tomato fruits. This accumulation pattern suggests that consumption of lettuce leaves or radish roots from plants grown in mine wastes would pose greater risks to humans and wildlife than would consumption of beans or tomatoes grown in the same area. The potential risk may be mitigated somewhat in humans, as vegetables grown in mine wastes exhibited stunted growth and chlorosis.