bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atypical hippocampal excitatory neurons express and govern object memory
Authors: Kinman Adrienne I. , Merryweather Derek N. , Erwin Sarah R. , Campbell Regan E. , Sullivan Kaitlin E. , Kraus Larissa , Kapustina Margarita , Bristow Brianna N. , Zhang Mingjia Y. , Elder Madeline W. , Wood Sydney C. , Tarik Ali , Kim Esther , Tindall Joshua , Daniels William , Anwer Mehwish , Guo Caiying , Cembrowski Mark S.
Published: February 2025

Classically, pyramidal cells of the hippocampus are viewed as flexibly representing spatial and non-spatial information. Recent work has illustrated distinct types of hippocampal excitatory neurons, suggesting that hippocampal representations and functions may be constrained and interpreted by these underlying cell-type identities. In mice, here we reveal a non-pyramidal excitatory neuron type — the “ovoid” neuron — that is spatially adjacent to subiculum pyramidal cells but differs in gene expression, electrophysiology, morphology, and connectivity. Functionally, novel object encounters drive sustained ovoid neuron activity, whereas familiar objects fail to drive activity even months after single-trial learning. Silencing ovoid neurons prevents non-spatial object learning but leaves spatial learning intact, and activating ovoid neurons toggles novel-object seeking to familiar-object seeking. Such function is doubly dissociable from pyramidal neurons, wherein manipulation of pyramidal cells affects spatial assays but not non-spatial learning. Ovoid neurons of the subiculum thus illustrate selective cell-type-specific control of non-spatial memory and behavioral preference.
High-throughput screening identifies Aurora kinase B as a critical therapeutic target for Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Gelb Tara , Garman Khalid A. , Urban Daniel , Coxon Amy , Gryder Berkley , Hill Natasha T. , Miao Lingling , Lee Tobie , Lee Olivia , Chakka Sirisha , Braisted John , Jarvis Jordan E. , Glavin Rachael , Raj Trisha S. , Xiao Ying , Difilippantonio Simone , Wang Amy Q. , Shen Min , Cheng Ken Chih-Chien , Lal-Nag Madhu , Hall Matthew D. , Brownell Isaac
Published: February 2025

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive skin cancer. Most MCCs contain Merkel cell polyomavirus (virus-positive MCC; VP-MCC), and the remaining are virus-negative (VN-MCC). Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the first-line treatment for metastatic MCC, but durable responses are achieved in less than 50% of patients. To identify new treatments, we screen ~4,000 compounds for their ability to reduce MCC viability and demonstrate that VP-MCC and VN-MCC exhibit distinct response profiles. Aurora kinase inhibitors selectively reduce VP-MCC viability, with RNAi screening independently identifying AURKB as an essential gene for MCC survival, especially in VP-MCC. AZD2811, a selective AURKB inhibitor, induces mitotic dysregulation and apoptosis in MCC cells, with greater efficacy in VP-MCC. In mice, AZD2811 nanoparticles inhibit tumor growth and increase survival in both VP-MCC and VN-MCC xenograft models. Overall, our unbiased screens identify AURKB as a promising therapeutic target and AZD2811NP as a potential treatment for MCC.
High-throughput multiplexed serology via the mass-spectrometric analysis of isotopically barcoded beads
Authors: Drainas Alexandros P. , McIlwain David R. , Dallas Alec , Chu Theresa , Delgado-González Antonio , Baron Maya , Angulo-Ibáñez Maria , Trejo Angelica , Bai Yunhao , Hickey John W. , Lu Guolan , Lu Scott , Pineda-Ramirez Jesus , Anglin Khamal , Richardson Eugene T. , Prostko John C. , Frias Edwin , Servellita Venice , Brazer Noah , Chiu Charles Y. , Peluso Michael J. , Martin Jeffrey N. , Wirz Oliver F. , Pham Tho D. , Boyd Scott D. , Kelly J. Daniel , Sage Julien , Nolan Garry P. , Rovira-Clavé Xavier
Published: February 2025

In serology, each sample is typically tested individually, one antigen at a time. This is costly and time consuming. Serology techniques should ideally allow recurrent measurements in parallel in small sample volumes and be inexpensive and fast. Here we show that mass cytometry can be used to scale up multiplexed serology testing by leveraging polystyrene beads uniformly loaded with combinations of stable isotopes. We generated 18,480 unique isotopically barcoded beads to simultaneously detect, in a single tube with 924 serum samples, the levels of immunoglobulins G and M against 19 proteins from SARS-CoV-2 (a total of 36,960 tests in 400 nl of sample volume and 30 μl of reaction volume). As a rapid, high-throughput and cost-effective technique, serology by mass cytometry may contribute to the effective management of public health emergencies originating from infectious diseases.
Aqueous-based recycling of perovskite photovoltaics
Authors: Xiao Xun , Xu Niansheng , Tian Xueyu , Zhang Tiankai , Wang Bingzheng , Wang Xiaoming , Xian Yeming , Lu Chunyuan , Ou Xiangyu , Yan Yanfa , Sun Licheng , You Fengqi , Gao Feng
Published: February 2025

Cumulative silicon photovoltaic (PV) waste highlights the importance of considering waste recycling before the commercialization of emerging PV technologies1,2. Perovskite PVs are a promising next-generation technology3, in which recycling their end-of-life waste can reduce the toxic waste and retain resources4,5. Here we report a low-cost, green-solvent-based holistic recycling strategy to restore all valuable components from perovskite PV waste. We develop an efficient aqueous-based perovskite recycling approach that can also rejuvenate degraded perovskites. We further extend the scope of recycling to charge-transport layers, substrates, cover glasses and metal electrodes. After repeated degradation–recycling processes, the recycled devices show similar efficiency and stability compared with the fresh devices. Our holistic recycling strategy reduces by 96.6% resource depletion and by 68.8% human toxicity (cancer effects) impacts associated with perovskite PVs compared with the landfill treatment. With recycling, the levelized cost of electricity also decreases for both utility-scale and residential systems. This study highlights unique opportunities of perovskite PVs for holistic recycling and paves the way for a sustainable perovskite solar economy.
Learning produces an orthogonalized state machine in the hippocampus
Authors: Sun Weinan , Winnubst Johan , Natrajan Maanasa , Lai Chongxi , Kajikawa Koichiro , Bast Arco , Michaelos Michalis , Gattoni Rachel , Stringer Carsen , Flickinger Daniel , Fitzgerald James E. , Spruston Nelson
Published: February 2025

Cognitive maps confer animals with flexible intelligence by representing spatial, temporal and abstract relationships that can be used to shape thought, planning and behaviour. Cognitive maps have been observed in the hippocampus1, but their algorithmic form and learning mechanisms remain obscure. Here we used large-scale, longitudinal two-photon calcium imaging to record activity from thousands of neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus while mice learned to efficiently collect rewards from two subtly different linear tracks in virtual reality. Throughout learning, both animal behaviour and hippocampal neural activity progressed through multiple stages, gradually revealing improved task representation that mirrored improved behavioural efficiency. The learning process involved progressive decorrelations in initially similar hippocampal neural activity within and across tracks, ultimately resulting in orthogonalized representations resembling a state machine capturing the inherent structure of the task. This decorrelation process was driven by individual neurons acquiring task-state-specific responses (that is, ‘state cells’). Although various standard artificial neural networks did not naturally capture these dynamics, the clone-structured causal graph, a hidden Markov model variant, uniquely reproduced both the final orthogonalized states and the learning trajectory seen in animals. The observed cellular and population dynamics constrain the mechanisms underlying cognitive map formation in the hippocampus, pointing to hidden state inference as a fundamental computational principle, with implications for both biological and artificial intelligence.
High-resolution traffic flow data from the urban traffic control system in Glasgow
Authors: Li Yue , Zhao Qunshan , Wang Mingshu
Published: February 2025

Traffic flow data has been used in various disciplines, including geography, transportation, urban planning, and public health. However, existing datasets often have limitations such as low spatiotemporal resolution and inconsistent quality due to data collection methods and the need for an adequate data cleaning process. This paper introduces a long-term traffic flow dataset at an intra-city scale with high spatio-temporal granularity. The dataset covers the Glasgow City Council area for four consecutive years spanning the COVID-19 pandemic, from October 2019 to September 2023, providing comprehensive temporal and spatial coverage. Such detailed information facilitates diverse applications, including traffic dynamic analysis, traffic management, infrastructure planning, and urban environment improvement. Also, it provides a valuable dataset to understand traffic flow change during a once-in-a-lifetime pandemic event.
Lower cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with an altered gut microbiome. The Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)
Authors: Markus Marcello Ricardo Paulista , Weiss Frank-Ulrich , Hertel Johannes , Weiss Stefan , Rühlemann Malte , Bang Corinna , Franke Andre , Völker Uwe , Homuth Georg , Kocher Thomas , Völzke Henry , Lerch Markus M. , Ittermann Till , Felix Stephan Burkhard , Ewert Ralf , Bahls Martin , Dörr Marcus , Frost Fabian
Published: February 2025

Sedentarism is characterized by low levels of physical activity, a risk factor for obesity and cardio-metabolic diseases. It can also adversely affect the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome which may result in harmful consequences for human health. While cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is inversely and independently associated with cardiovascular risk factors and diseases and all-cause mortality, the relationship between low CRF and the gut microbiome is not well known. A total of 3,616 individuals from two independent population-based cohorts of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-START and SHIP-TREND) performed standardized, symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and had faecal samples collected to determine gut microbiota profiles (16S rRNA gene sequencing). We analysed cross-sectional associations of CRF with the gut microbiome composition controlling for confounding factors. Lower CRF was associated with reduced microbial diversity, loss of beneficial short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria (i.e. Butyricoccus, Coprococcus, unclassified Ruminococcaceae or Lachnospiraceae) and an increase in opportunistic pathogens such as Escherichia/Shigella, or Citrobacter. Decreased cardiorespiratory performance was associated with a gut microbiota pattern that has been previously related to a proinflammatory state. These associations were independent of body weight or glycemic control.
Connectomic analysis of taste circuits in Drosophila
Authors: Walker Sydney R. , Peña-Garcia Marco , Devineni Anita V.
Published: February 2025

Our sense of taste is critical for regulating food consumption. The fruit fly Drosophila represents a highly tractable model to investigate mechanisms of taste processing, but taste circuits beyond sensory neurons are largely unidentified. Here, we use a whole-brain connectome to investigate the organization of Drosophila taste circuits. We trace pathways from four populations of sensory neurons that detect different taste modalities and project to the subesophageal zone (SEZ), the primary taste region of the fly brain. We find that second-order taste neurons are primarily located within the SEZ and largely segregated by taste modality, whereas third-order neurons have more projections outside the SEZ and more overlap between modalities. Taste projections out of the SEZ innervate regions implicated in feeding, olfactory processing, and learning. We analyze interconnections within and between taste pathways, characterize modality-dependent differences in taste neuron properties, identify other types of inputs onto taste pathways, and use computational simulations to relate neuronal connectivity to predicted activity. These studies provide insight into the architecture of Drosophila taste circuits.
Prediction of intrinsic and extraneous cognitive load with oculometric and biometric indicators
Authors: Ekin Merve , Krejtz Krzysztof , Duarte Carlos , Duchowski Andrew T. , Krejtz Izabela
Published: February 2025

This study focused on the prediction of intrinsic and extraneous cognitive load using eye-tracking metrics, heart rate variability, and galvanic skin response. Intrinsic cognitive load is associated with the inherent complexity of the mental task, whereas extraneous cognitive load is related to the distracting and unrelated elements in the task. Thirty-three participants (aged
$$21.24 \pm 3.51$$
) performed different levels of mental calculations to induce intrinsic cognitive load in the first task and a visual search task to manipulate extraneous cognitive load in the second task. During both tasks, participants’ eye movements, heart rate, and galvanic skin response were continuously recorded. Participants’ working memory was controlled. Subjective cognitive load was also assessed following each experimental task. A discriminant model, consisting of oculo- and bio-metric indicators, could discriminate between cognitive loads (intrinsic vs.extraneous) and levels (low vs.high). In particular, average fixation duration, average saccade amplitude, and
$$\mathscr {K}$$
coefficient each have an impact on the model. In addition, task difficulty may be distinguished by the Low-High Index of Pupillary Activity (LHIPA) and heart rate variability.
Phase transition, structural stability and electrical properties of V or Mn doped ZnSe composites under high pressure
Authors: Liu Tao , Huang Yuxuan , Wang Shixia , Wang Yalin , Cheng Ping , Wu Jia
Published: February 2025

The structural parameters and enthalpies of pure ZnSe and different concentrations of V/Mn:ZnSe at high pressures were calculated using the first principles calculation method based on density functional theory. The lattice constants and bond lengths of all the systems decrease under pressure, and the respective phase transition pressures are obtained from the enthalpy-pressure relationship curves, which show that V/Mn elemental doping reduces the phase transition pressure of ZnSe, and the phase transition pressure further decreases with the increase of the doping concentration. The doping formation energies and the elastic constant criterion at atmospheric and high pressures confirm the structural stability of all the systems within the pressures of this study, and the pugh ratio confirms that they are all ductile structures.The results of electrical properties study show that at atmospheric pressure, all V:ZnSe systems have metallic properties, and a metal to semiconductor transition occurs at high pressure when the doping concentration is 12.5%. However, the Mn:ZnSe systems are semiconductors at both atmospheric and high pressures. Pressure significantly influences the degeneracy and position of the impurity bands: the impurity bands of V:ZnSe move toward higher energy under pressure, while the impurity bands of the Mn:ZnSe system shift toward lower energy. The element doping concentration also affects the d orbital degeneracy of V/Mn:ZnSe under atmospheric pressure, the degeneracy of V/Mn-d orbital decreases with the increase in doping concentration. Under high pressure, the degeneracy of the V/Mn-d orbital decreases further when the doping concentration is 3.13%, but the degeneracy is enhanced when the doping concentration is 6.25 and 12.5%. Doping can effectively change the phase transition pressure of ZnSe, and the pressure can effectively modulate the properties of this material.
Collective chemo-mechanical oscillations and cluster waves in communicating colloids
Authors: Göth Nils , Dzubiella Joachim
Published: February 2025

Communication and feedback are crucial for the self-organization and the emergent viscoelastic behavior of life-like soft matter systems. However, the specific effects of communication between the individual components on their properties, interactions, and collective dynamics are not fully understood. Here, we report on two-dimensional Brownian dynamics simulations of catalytically active, non-motile hydrogel colloids with explicit resolution of chemical signaling clouds and chemo-mechanical feedback through a size-dependent permeability for the fuel. In particular, we investigate how their spatiotemporal structure and dynamical behavior depend on the communication magnitude and the colloid density. We discover a diverse range of nonequilibrium structures and active phases, including transitions from uncorrelated to synchronized oscillations and the emergence of elastic cluster waves for increasing chemo-mechanical coupling. Our findings highlight microscopic physical principles behind communication-driven cooperativity and could inform the design of active soft matter systems with adaptive functionalities.
Controlling noise with self-organized resetting
Authors: Meigel Felix J. , Rulands Steffen
Published: February 2025

Biological systems often consist of a small number of constituents and are therefore inherently noisy. To function effectively, these systems must employ mechanisms to constrain the accumulation of noise. Such mechanisms have been extensively studied and comprise the constraint by external forces, nonlinear interactions, or the resetting of the system to a predefined state. Here, we propose a fourth paradigm for noise constraint: self-organized resetting, where the resetting rate and position emerge from self-organization through time-discrete interactions. We study general properties of self-organized resetting systems using the paradigmatic example of cooperative resetting, where random pairs of Brownian particles are reset to their respective average. We demonstrate that such systems undergo a delocalization phase transition, separating regimes of constrained and unconstrained noise accumulation. Additionally, we show that systems with self-organized resetting can adapt to external forces and optimize search behavior for reaching target values. Self-organized resetting has various applications in nature and technology, which we demonstrate in the context of sexual interactions in fungi and spatial dispersion in shared mobility services. This work opens routes into the application of self-organized resetting across various systems in biology and technology.
Design strategies for tetrazine fluorogenic probes for bioorthogonal imaging
Authors: Yu Aiwen , He Xinyu , Shen Tianruo , Yu Xinyu , Mao Wuyu , Chi Weijie , Liu Xiaogang , Wu Haoxing
Published: February 2025

In this review, recent progress in tetrazine-based fluorogenic probes for bioorthogonal chemistry is comprehensively analyzed, with a focus on advancements in probe design and their imaging applications for molecular processes in live cells.
Integrating metal complex units into knitted hypercrosslinked polymers for enhanced efficiency of cyclization reactions with CO2
Authors: Li Yingyin , Lin Ke , Chen Zhiyuan , Lu Yinghua , Luo Rongchang
Published: February 2025

Hyper-cross-linked polymers functionalized with different metal complexes showed excellent catalytic properties for two kinds of CO2 cyclization reactions under ambient conditions.
Atomic insights into the ion-conducting channels of poly(arylene piperidinium) anion exchange membranes
Authors: Pu Weiwen , Sun Zhaoru
Published: February 2025

QAPPT shares a similar chemical structure with QAQPP but exhibits higher OH− conductivity due to larger ion-conducting channels, resulting from greater fluctuations in water-sensitive phenyl rings.
Preparation of high-performance quasi-two-dimensional (Q-2D) perovskite solar cells by fluorinated benzylamine groups at different substitution positions
Authors: Du Longtao , Liao Jianhua , Li Kegui , Chang Yuge , Huang Qiang , Gan Xiaoyan , Guo Liling , Liu Hanxing
Published: February 2025

Quasi-two-dimensional (Q-2D) perovskite solar cells have garnered significant attention due to their unique hydrophobic organic cations and commendable stability.
Role of explicit solvation and level of theory in predicting the aqueous reduction potential of carbonate radical anion by DFT
Authors: Dooley Michael R. , Vyas Shubham
Published: February 2025

Explicit solvation and dispersion corrections required for accurate energies for ion and radical forms of carbonate with DFT.
Enhancing rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield and quality by improving photosynthesis with foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Haipeng , Chen Jie , Liu Xinyue , Wang Rui , Zhang Hongcheng , Yang Yanju
Published: February 2025

Foliar application of ZnO NPs enhances zinc accumulation in plants while improving rice grain yield and quality by delaying leaf senescence and prolonging active photosynthetic activity.
High levels of antibiotics released by a pharmaceutical manufacturer negatively impacted wastewater treatment plant performance
Authors: Keane Chantal A. , Li Jinglong , Li Jiaying , Mueller Jochen F. , O'Brien Jake W. , Verhagen Rory
Published: February 2025

WWTP contaminant removal efficiencies were significantly negatively correlated with concentrations of antibiotics. The combination of correlation and risk quotients demonstrated that antibiotics caused a toxic shock event at the WWTP.
Performance evaluation of green and conventional solvents in reversed-phase liquid chromatography based on the separation of non-polar and polar substances
Authors: Kalisz Oktawia , Hulicka Gabriela , Tobiszewski Marek , Bocian Szymon
Published: February 2025

This study explored ethanol and dimethyl carbonate as greener alternatives to acetonitrile and methanol in UHPLC separations, demonstrating their effectiveness in achieving comparable performance with reduced environmental risks.
Dimensional analysis meets AI for non-Newtonian droplet generation
Authors: Hormozinezhad Farnoosh , Barnes Claire , Fabregat Alexandre , Cito Salvatore , Del Giudice Francesco
Published: February 2025

We introduce a novel hybrid machine-learning architecture that integrates dimensional analysis with machine learning to predict the flow rates required to generate droplets with specified sizes in systems involving non-Newtonian fluids.
In situ thermal solvent-free synthesis of doped ZIF-8 as a highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalyst
Authors: Naz Farah , Mak Chun Hong , Wang Zhe , Tong Haihang , Santoso Shella Permatasari , Du Minshu , Kai Ji-Jung , Cheng Kuan-Chen , Hsieh Chang-Wei , Niu Wenxin , Hu Zheng , Hsu Hsien-Yi
Published: February 2025

Developing an economical and effective catalyst to remove organic pollutants from wastewater remains a significant challenge to maintaining a healthy, green environment.
Constant voltage driving current oscillation in artificial graphene ribbons with deterministic chiral edges
Authors: Zhan Yan , Huang Qiang , Yang Jingpu , Luo Wei , Jiang Zuimin , Zhong Zhenyang
Published: February 2025

QD-based artificial graphene with deterministic chiral edges is achieved on Si substrates. An abnormal current oscillation at constant voltages is observed due to the effects of edge states, depending on gate voltage, magnetic field and temperature.
Design principles of metal phosphides for the oxygen evolution reaction in seawater: activity, selectivity and stability
Authors: Li Meng , Teng Zefeng , Liu Chenxi , Meng Jiaze , Sun Guiru , Liu Xiaobin , Lai Jianping , Chi Jingqi , Wang Lei
Published: February 2025

Direct seawater electrolysis technology shows great potential, but chloride ions corrode the electrodes and cause competitive reactions, which limits its application.
High temperature in situ gas analysis for identifying degradation mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Schmidt Leon , Hankins Kie , Bläubaum Lars , Gerasimov Michail , Krewer Ulrike
Published: February 2025

This study uses online electrochemical mass spectrometry to track the gassing behavior of carbonate-based electrolyte mixtures in lithium-ion batteries, uncovering key thermal degradation processes.
A cost-effective and high-sensitivity pressure sensor for wearable electronics using an MXene/Ag NFs-coated cotton fabric
Authors: Fang Yuan , Zeng Lijun , Li Doudou , Su Yunfeng , He Nairu , Fan Hengzhong
Published: February 2025

A pressure sensor was prepared using an MXene/Ag nanoflowers/cotton fabric with superhydrophobicity and it exhibited high sensitivity over a wide pressure range. It has promising potential for applications in flexible wearable devices.
Correction: Unraveling the mystery: effect of trapped air on platelet adhesion on hydrophobic nanostructured titanium dioxide
Authors: Shen Zhenyu , Wu Ke , Chen Zhiwei , Yang Yun , Huang Qiaoling
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Unraveling the mystery: effect of trapped air on platelet adhesion on hydrophobic nanostructured titanium dioxide’ by Zhenyu Shen et al., Biomater. Sci., 2025, 13, 627–638, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4BM01143K.
Correction: Effects of pressure and temperature on topological electronic materials X2Y3 (X = As, Sb, Bi; Y = Se, Te) using first-principles
Authors: Le Fang  , Chen Chen , Lu Xionggang , Ren Wei
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Effects of pressure and temperature on topological electronic materials X2Y3 (X = As, Sb, Bi; Y = Se, Te) using first-principles’ by Le Fang et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2023, 25, 20969–20978, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CP01951A.
Correction: Conversion of carbon black recovered from waste tires into activated carbon via chemical/microwave methods for efficient removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater
Authors: El-Maadawy M. M. , Elzoghby Amir A. , Masoud Ahmed M. , Eldeeb Alzahraa M. , El Naggar Ahmed M. A. , Taha Mohamed H.
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Conversion of carbon black recovered from waste tires into activated carbon via chemical/microwave methods for efficient removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater’ by M. M. El-Maadawy et al., RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 6324–6338, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA00172A.
Electrorheological elastomer for simultaneous enhancements in durability and micro-vibration suppression
Authors: Chen Sai , Wang Leizhi , Zhang Ke , Bai Wen , Li Yao
Published: February 2025

Electrorheological elastomers (EREs) with tunable stiffness and damping properties have emerged as advanced smart soft materials.
Photothermal response and precise control of circularly polarized luminescence via double-layered films based on cholesteric liquid crystals
Authors: Huang Sha , Wu Qimei , Hu Yongjie , Wang Xincan , Yuan Yongjie , Zhang Hailiang
Published: February 2025

A double-layered film strategy is used, where the emission band of a luminescent layer overlaps with the selective absorption and reflection bands of a N*-LC layer, enabling photothermal response and precise control of CPL performance.
Energy efficiency maximization in IRS‐aided cooperative WPCN with non‐linear EH users
Authors: Katiyar Bharti , Mishra Deepak , Modem Sudhakar , Saini Ravikant
Published: February 2025

This work investigates energy efficiency (EE) maximization in intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) aided wireless‐powered communication network with hybrid access point (HAP) and non‐linear energy harvesting (EH) users. For system designers, maximizing EE is important to ensure a sustaining operation of the energy constrained wireless‐powered communication network. The HAP powers the users in energy transmission mode (ETM), and it receives information from the users in cooperative manner through information transmission mode (ITM). The focus is on maximizing EE at the HAP by jointly optimizing IRS phase shifts along with transmit time and power allocation at users. The inherent non‐convexity of the problem arises from the non‐linear EH model at users and the practical non‐linear design of IRS phase shifts. To address this, a decoupling strategy is employed, and optimal ITM IRS phase shifts are obtained using the penalty‐based method. Subsequently, an alternating optimization approach is proposed where optimal IRS phase shifts in ETM are iteratively updated, incorporating a semidefinite relaxation technique. By utilizing the obtained optimal phase shifts for both ITM and ETM, the joint optimization problem is iteratively solved to maximize EE while considering time and power allocation, employing Dinkelbach's algorithm. Simulation results showcase a substantial enhancement of the system performance using proposed scheme compared to benchmark methods.
Virtual power line control for interlinking converters on AC, DC and hybrid grid links
Authors: Paniagua Julen , Unamuno Eneko , Barrena Jon Andoni
Published: February 2025

The increasing integration of renewable energy sources is making power systems evolve, driving the necessity to interconnect different power systems to improve the robustness and operation of grids. Here, the so‐called virtual power line (VPL) control for interlinking converters (ICs) is presented, whose purpose is to couple different electric systems analogously to a classical transmission line. The VPL control employs local measurements, and it does not require any communication link to operate. Two VPL control variants are presented: the dual grid‐supporting VPL control and the single grid‐forming VPL (SGF‐VPL) control. Both support the frequency and/or voltage of the interconnected grids, and the latter provides grid‐forming capabilities for one of the interconnected systems. The performance of VPL controllers show how the frequency and voltage nadir values are improved by (when comparing low and strong coupling results), while the rate of change of frequency and voltage can be decreased by , with a faster settling time. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how the SGF‐VPL is able to set the grid when other grid‐forming units fail, and the flow of power happens naturally through ICs from generation to consumption areas as if all devices were part of the same electric system.
Preface
Authors: Devi Geetha , Sadriddinov Manuchehr , Khalmatjanova Gulchekhra
Published: February 2025

The overview is devoted to the main directions and results of the IV International Conference on Improving Energy Efficiency, Environmental Safety and Sustainable Development in Agriculture (EESTE2024) held on October 28 - 30, 2024. It describes the main directions and gives the details about the participants and the proceedings.
Diagnostics of plant diseases based on symptoms from leaf images
Authors: Muhamediyeva Dilnoz , Tukhtamuradov Nozir , Samijonov Boymirzo , Usarov Jurabek , Jumayev Bobur
Published: February 2025

The paper develops algorithms for diagnosing plant diseases based on symptoms from leaf images. Various features, such as changes in color, shape, and texture of leaves, associated with diseases are analyzed. It investigates how symptoms affect the accuracy of disease recognition using machine learning. It is revealed that the use of visual symptoms and other symptoms significantly improves diagnostic results. Not only that but it is determined that the combination of deep learning and classical image processing methods allows for high accuracy in disease detection. Furthermore, it is established that the developed algorithms can identify plant diseases based on symptoms detected in leaf images. The results of testing the algorithms on real data show their applicability in the real world.
Deep processing of waxy corn as a promising direction for the use of plant raw materials
Authors: Lemesheva Angelica , Sergienko Igor , Lemeshev Nikolay , Fedorova Alla , Kosnikov Sergey
Published: February 2025

The paper analyzes modern methods of processing waxy corn to obtain starch and other products. The influence of the structural features of amylopectin starch on the technological process and the use of waxy corn in various industries is studied. The promising use of waxy corn starch in the production of food products, pharmaceuticals, biodegradable materials and biofuels is revealed. The main directions of development of waxy corn production in Russia are studied, allowing to reduce dependence on imports and increase the efficiency of the agro-industrial complex. Examples of the complex use of by-products of waxy corn processing are presented, which ensures increased production efficiency and the development of the bioeconomy.
Additional growth substances on spring wheat under conditions of moisture deficiency
Authors: Timofeev Vyacheslav Nikolaevich
Published: February 2025

The research was carried out in the conditions of the Northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region, with weather indicators in 2023, characterized by elevated temperatures and lack of moisture. The tested products: biogenic FeCo, humic preparation, nanopreparation containing potassium, biogor, bacterial preparation, chemical fungicide had different effects on the morphological parameters of the plant. The development of embryonic organs such as root mass exceeded other options by 0.7 - 1.8 g when using a chemical disinfectant and Biogor Zh. High germination rate of 96% was observed when processing Biogor Zh seeds in a mixture with a bacterial consortium, which is higher than other options by 2-4%. Reduction in sprout length by 1.0 cm relative to absolute control for most options. The options used had no effect on seed diseases and root rot, with the exception of a fungicidal disinfectant with an effectiveness of 93-100%. The growth of the top leaf in the tillering phase - the tubes exceeded by 3-4 cm according to the Biogor-Zh option when treating seeds and plants in the tillering phase. The development of the flag leaf also exceeded when Biogor Zh was used in combination with bacteria, biogenic iron in its pure form and with a humic preparation applied in the tillering phase. Plant biometric indicators such as the weight of stems by 3-6 g, leaves, ears by 1.0-1.7 g exceeded the control and other options when using humic preparations and their mixtures with biogenic iron.
A study on modeling infectious metritis in dairy cows
Authors: Kalyuzhny Yvan , Yavlieva Rosa , Morozova Zoya , Firsov Grigory , Budtuev Oleg
Published: February 2025

The study highlights the work on the creation of a method for assessing reproductive capacity in metritis of dairy cows on the model of laboratory rodents in experimental conditions, as well as the study of the effect of material of uterine secretions of cows on the functioning of the reproductive system of female rats after childbirth. The article presents the methods of reproduction of infectious metritis of dairy cows of Holstein-Friesian and Simmental breeds on female Sprague Dawley rats. The method of infecting uterine tissues of laboratory rats with microbial cocktail obtained from Holstein and Simmental cows with postpartum metritis is proposed. Availability of the procedure of intravaginal inoculation, well-defined localization of the effect without systemic spread of the infectious process and significant results of infection advantageously distinguish this model from other studies. The effect of the mixture of microorganisms used for infection on rat uterine tissues was studied. The results of measuring rectal temperature and body weight indices of laboratory rats after modeling of infectious metritis are presented. A statistically significant correlation between the results of rectal temperature and body weight was established. The significance of Mann-Whitney U-criterion and Wilcoxon T-criterion was revealed.
Solutions of desertification in the current Amudarya delta
Authors: Khursanov Dunyobek , Jurayev Jamshid , Sabirova Nilufar , Davronov Kamoliddin , Sharipova Mekhribon
Published: February 2025

This article presents several factors contributing to the desertification processes in the current delta of the Amu Darya River. It also examines how the gradual process of desertification, along with the acceleration of soil salinization and the expansion of saline areas, is occurring due to the lowering of the groundwater levels in the current delta of the Amu Darya. The northern part of the present delta of the Amu Darya is divided into small deltas of varying ages: the highlands of the Amu Darya channel, the Kazakdarya, Raushan, Kipchakdarya, Oqboshli, and Erkindarya, while the southern part is separated into the highlands of the Amu Darya channel, the Uldarya, Kiyatjargan, Shurtomboy, and Kizketken-Chimboy. Due to the high and very high salinization of the soils in the inter-channel depressions in the eastern part of the Kizketken-Chimboy small delta, their use for agricultural purposes is inefficient, and their use as pastures for livestock is suggested. A comparison was made between the desertification processes in the Kazakdarya branch and the Kohnadarya branch. In the lower part of the Kohnadarya branch, salinization occurs due to salts brought from the Aral Sea in the geochemical composition of the eluvial elementary landscape. In the upper parts of the small deltas, desertification is slow due to the influence of the Amu Darya, while in the lower parts of the deltas, desertification is progressing more intensively. In general, the importance of relief features such as channel heights, their slopes, and inter-channel depressions related to surface water flow has been highlighted in the deterioration of the geoecological condition in deltas.
Study and assessment of qualitative indicators of water sources in the Issyk-Kul mountain ecosystem
Authors: Mambetjanova Nurila , Kerimbaeva Alina , Abyshev Oman , Zaripova Anar , Asanbekova Damira
Published: February 2025

In the work for the subsequent creation of models for forecasting and assessing the quality of water sources using machine learning methods on the basis of the obtained data, the selection and justification of research objects (water resource of the Issyk-Kul region) was carried out. Systematization of water resource objects (lake, river, waste, surface and groundwater) was carried out. Data collection for water quality testing in the Issyk-Kul region was carried out, including organoleptic indicators of investigated water samples from different sources (color, taste, odor, turbidity), determination of water hardness, assessment of heavy metal pollution - cation content (total iron), pH and temperature of water samples from each source. The qualitative characterization and systematization of the obtained data on water samples of different sources were studied and systematized to contribute to the database of future machine learning algorithms, which can be used as tools for analysis and prediction of water resources results.
Prospects for processing bee bread as a natural adaptogen
Authors: Prokhoda Irina , Eliseeva Elena , Stratienko Elena , Katunina Nataliya , Peshkova Nadezhda
Published: February 2025

In the work were studied complex lipids, amino and fatty acid composition of flower pollen (pollen) and bee bread and were scientifically substantiated it`s adaptogenic and antitoxic effects on a living organism. The results of the research showed that all the studied pollen samples collected in the Bryansk region contain high amounts of glutamic and aspartic amino acids; among the fatty acids are linoleic and palmitic. The quantitative composition of amino and fatty acids of canned dried parchment does not significantly change during storage for 1 year. The adaptogenic effect of bee bread is explained during intoxication with nitrates and fluorides.
Light dependence of CO2 gas exchange in leaves of tree species of broadleaved forest in central Russia
Authors: Chizhikova Nelli , Tishin Denis
Published: February 2025

The balance between photosynthesis and respiration is an indicator of the productivity and sustainability of both an individual plant and the forest community and reflects the carbon balance of ecosystems. The intensity of plant photosynthesis depends not only on the characteristics of the species, but also on the amount of light entering the leaf surface. The parameters of CO2 gas exchange in the leaves depending on the light intensity were assessed for three main tree species of mixed temperate forests of the European part of Russia: Betula pendula Roth., Tilia cordata Mill. and Quercus robur L. The net photosynthetic rate was measured on July 26, 2023, in the forest area of the Carbon Povolzhye “Observatory” polygon (Tatarstan, Russia). The measurements are stored in the database PGasEx 1.0. The light curve of photosynthesis was modeled using the modified Michaelis-Menten function. From the Michaelis–Menten equation, the following parameters were estimated for each species: maximum intensity of photosynthesis, respiration rate, light compensation point, point of light saturation, quantum yield of photosynthesis. The maximum net photosynthesis on the leaf surface under light-saturated conditions was greatest for oak, followed by birch and linden, indicating ecological strategies of species.
Psammophilic bivalves of the Azov Sea. Donax trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Bityutskaya Olga , Bulli Lyubov , Donchenko Ludmila , Mazalova Nataliya , Seregin Stanislav
Published: February 2025

Typical members of the psammophilic fauna of bivalve mollusks inhabiting the coastal zone of the Kerch Strait (the waters of the Sea of Azov) are species of the family Donacidae (Linnaeus, 1758). It is noted that in recent years there has been a restoration of the populations of Donax trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Donax semistriatus (Poli, 1795). The paper presents the results of studies of the length-weight composition, features of the reproductive cycle, technochemical composition and nutritional value of D. trunculus as the dominant species in 2023-2024. The length of the mollusk shells varied within the range of 14.0–37.0 mm, height – 10.5–23.0 mm, average weight (4.99 ± 0.04) g, flesh yield – 13.4%, the valves account 65.7% of the total weight of the mollusk. Correlations were found between the length and weight, the length and weight of soft tissues, and between the mollusk weight and the weight of soft tissues; the correlation coefficients (R) were 0.99, 0.98, and 0.99, respectively. The results of the studies of the chemical composition and energy value showed that D. trunculus flesh is low in calories, containing 74.8% of absolute value of protein substances, with valine and histidine being the limiting essential amino acids. The mollusk flesh has a high iodine content of 0.042% (RDI: 130-200 μg/day).
Ecological and methodological foundations of the system of conservation of natural ecosystems, the system of protection of biotopes from degradation and pollution by pollutants
Authors: Kharitonov Alexander , Makarova Anna , Velieva Edae
Published: February 2025

The study presents data on establishing the limits of plant resistance and tolerance to pollutants, specifically mercury salts, products from the oil and gas industry (illustrated by WD-40), and surface-active substances (SAS). It has been established that hydroponics serves as the most efficient and precise model for examining the impact of pollutants on plant organisms. Critical thresholds of pollutant concentrations have been identified for the following species: tomato, leek, clover, peas, rye, and oats. It is recommended to utilize a hydroponic solution enriched with metal ions in chelate complexes to reduce chemical reactions between hydroponic solution components and heavy metal salts in pollutants. A concept has been developed to establish methodological foundations for employing hydroponics as an analytical tool to identify the most resilient plant species for phytoremediation of wastewater and contaminated sites with elevated heavy metal levels.
Changes in the basic biological indicators of blue bream (Abramis ballerus, Linnaeus, 1758) in the Sviyaga Bay of the Volga reach of the Kuibyshev reservoir due to anthropogenic impact
Authors: Andreeva Tatyana , Kuznetsov Vladimir , Galanin Igor , Galanina Anna
Published: February 2025

The study examined the main biological indicators of blue bream in the Sviyaga bay of the Volga reach of the Kuibyshev reservoir. The size, weight and age composition of blue bream from control catches of gill nets in 2018-2021 were studied. The state of the indicators was assessed in comparison with the materials of previous studies. The work was carried out in a reservoir area where commercial fishing has been stopped since the middle of the second decade of the current century. The results of previous studies suggest that there are no significant changes
Adaptation of the methodology for sequential five-step fractionation of elements from bottom sediments of lake Imandra
Authors: Velieva Edae , Makarova Anna , Kharitonov Alexander
Published: February 2025

A series of experiments was carried out to adapt the technique of five-stage sequential fractionation of elements from soils, silts and bottom sediments (on the example of bottom sediments of Lake Imandra). The factors influencing the research by the method of five-stage sequential fractionation of elements from bottom sediments are considered. The results of changing the parameters of the extraction process are presented. The requirements for successful realization of experiments are formed. Application of adapted methodology for assessment of potential negative impact of pollutants in the system “bottom sediments - water” by fractionation of elements by physical and chemical mobility, potential bioavailability of elements in bottom sediments is proposed.
Models for environmental monitoring of the territory in the presence of concentrated sources of pollutant emissions
Authors: Telyatnikov Ilya , Pavlova Alla
Published: February 2025

We consider models of the convection-diffusion-reaction for a substance emitted into the atmosphere by a concentrated source (stationary or moving) taking into account its decomposition into atmospheric components and gravitational sedimentation. We consider atmospheric characteristics (wind and diffusion) to be given. For example, we can take average climatic values of diffusion coefficients and air mass velocity according to the wind rose. The problem is solved in a bounded area with a known initial distribution of the impurity. One or another type of boundary conditions is selected in accordance with the content of the problem under study. If the source is an object moving at a certain speed, the problem is reduced to a series of problems with a stationary source. We use discrete approximations and a computational algorithm based on the splitting method, calculations are carried out for model territories and problem parameters. We can use the proposed models for environmental monitoring of regions and conducting environmental assessments of existing sources of pollutant emissions.
Analysis of humidity in the territory of Central Siberia in order to optimize the types of hydromelioration measures
Authors: Tusupbekov Zhanbolat , Ryapolova Natalya , Nadtochiy Victory , Ibraev Maksat
Published: February 2025

An important element in the hydromelioration development of the territory is the identification of the conditions of the territory moisture. The degree of moisture of the territory is the importance of the soil layer. In turn, the moisture content of the soil is determined not only by the amount of precipitation, but also by various types of melioration work, as well as morphological features of the surface. The value of the soil layer moisture is a determining factor in choosing the agro-industrial focus of agricultural lands or their ecological state. In this paper, the analysis of the moisture content of the territory of Central Siberia is carried out based on a joint consideration of the elements of water and heat balances. The choice of the type of hydromelioration measures aimed at both improving the ecological state and for the integrated development of natural resources depends on the degree of moisture of the active layer of soil. Based on the analysis of water availability of the territories of Central Siberia, the values of soil moisture for different intervals, as well as the soil moisture of the growing season in years characteristic of water availability, are determined.