ІННОВАЦІЙНА АКТИВНІСТЬ У ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНІЙ СФЕРІ: ПІДХОДИ ДО ОЦІНЮВАННЯ В КОНТЕКСТІ ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЙНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ
Authors:   Pryazovskyi State Technical University, Diatlova Valentynа , Balabanova Natalya ,   Mariupol State University, Yerokhina Dina 
Published: February 2025

The study is devoted to the scientific substantiation of methodological approaches to the assessment of innovative activity in the external sphere of the country's economy in the context of European integration processes. Methods of abstract-logical, system-structural, statistical, comparative analysis, grouping, systematization and generalization were used for the research. The methods of evaluating innovative development, which are used in the ranking of countries in the world and European practice, such as the Global Innovation Index, the Combined Innovation Index, are analyzed. It was determined that the methods are based on the calculation of a certain list of individual and group indicators, and on their basis – a complex indicator for the country, region. Complex and group indicators are determined mainly in points. The value of a certain list of indicators is determined by experts, which introduces subjectivity into the evaluation results. It was established that the single and group indicators used in the methods differ. Thus, according to the Global Innovation Index, 80 basic indicators are evaluated, according to the Consolidated Innovation Index – 32 indicators. It was determined that according to the ranking of countries according to the Global Innovation Index 2023, Switzerland was recognized as the leader, as in the previous 13 years. The TOP-5 includes Sweden, the most innovative EU member state, which took second place and rose one rank compared to the previous year. The rank of Ukraine is gradually decreasing, namely from 43rd place in 2018 to 60th in 2023, which was influenced by difficult military, political and economic conditions. According to the Consolidated Innovation Index, the innovative development of the EU-27 countries has a positive trend. Among the countries analyzed in the European Innovation Scoreboard, the highest rating belongs to Switzerland, a recognized world leader in the field of innovation. Among the EU member states, Denmark has the highest value of the Consolidated Innovation Index. Ukraine's trend of 2014-2023 is generally negative. In 2023, Ukraine has a lower level of the index more than 3 times the average value for the EU-27. The innovative component of the countries' foreign economic activity is characterized by such a group indicator as "influence on sales", according to which Ukraine occupies the last place in the rating. Its unit indicators (export of medium and high-tech products, sale of new on the market and new for the company innovations) also have low values, with the exception of such as the export of knowledge-intensive services. According to this indicator, Ukraine is ahead of 20 European countries. It is recommended to use the indicator of foreign economic activity innovativeness in statistical collections, as well as to expand the list of indicators for the possibility of comparing regions. Comparing the level of indicators with the leading countries or the EU average will contribute to the creation of an analytical base regarding the European integration processes of Ukraine.