bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrogenase beyond the Resting State: A Structural Perspective
Authors: Warmack Rebeccah A. , Rees Douglas C.
Published: December 2023

Nitrogenases have the remarkable ability to catalyze the reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia under physiological conditions. How does this happen? The current view of the nitrogenase mechanism focuses on the role of hydrides, the binding of dinitrogen in a reductive elimination process coupled to loss of dihydrogen, and the binding of substrates to a binuclear site on the active site cofactor. This review focuses on recent experimental characterizations of turnover relevant forms of the enzyme determined by cryo-electron microscopy and other approaches, and comparison of these forms to the resting state enzyme and the broader family of iron sulfur clusters. Emerging themes include the following: (i) The obligatory coupling of protein and electron transfers does not occur in synthetic and small-molecule iron–sulfur clusters. The coupling of these processes in nitrogenase suggests that they may involve unique features of the cofactor, such as hydride formation on the trigonal prismatic arrangement of irons, protonation of belt sulfurs, and/or protonation of the interstitial carbon. (ii) Both the active site cofactor and protein are dynamic under turnover conditions; the changes are such that more highly reduced forms may differ in key ways from the resting-state structure. Homocitrate appears to play a key role in coupling cofactor and protein dynamics. (iii) Structural asymmetries are observed in nitrogenase under turnover-relevant conditions by cryo-electron microscopy, although the mechanistic relevance of these states (such as half-of-sites reactivity) remains to be established.
Unveiling the Anti-Cholera and Active Diabetic Renoprotective Compounds of Maqian Essential Oil: A Computational and Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Dahab Mahmoud , Zhang Ping , Al-Mijalli Samiah Hamad , Abdallah Emad M.
Published: December 2023

Cholera is an exceptionally aggressive infectious disease characterized by the potential to induce acute, copious, watery diarrhea of considerable severity and renal inflammation. Diabetic nephropathy is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus that can lead to kidney failure through inflammation; thus, anti-inflammatory agents are promising therapies for diabetic nephropathy. Previous studies have shown that the essential oil of Zanthoxylum myriacanthum var. pubescens Huang, Maqian essential oil (MQEO), exhibits potent antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and renoprotective activities in diabetic mice and has emerged as a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy complications. Therefore, the present study was carried out to screen the potential inhibition of cholera toxin and the diabetic renoprotective activity of MQEO through computational approaches. Twelve chemical constituents derived from MQEO were docked with cholera toxin and the target proteins involved in diabetic nephropathy, namely, TXNIP, Nrf2, and DPP IV, and, subsequently, the predictions of molecular dynamic simulations, the drug-likeness properties, and the ADMET properties were performed. α-terpineol showed high binding affinities toward the cholera toxin protein. For TXNIP, among all the chemical constituents, α-phellandrene and p-cymene showed strong binding affinities with the TXNIP protein and displayed relatively stable flexibility at the hinge regions of the protein, favorable physicochemical properties in the absence of hepatotoxicity, and low cytotoxicity. For Nrf2, α-terpineol exhibited the highest binding affinity and formed a very stable complex with Nrf2, which displayed high pharmacokinetic properties. All compounds had low free-binding energies when docked with the DPP IV protein, which suggests potent biological activity. In conclusion, based on a computational approach, our findings reveal that MQEO constituents have inhibitory activity against cholera toxin and are promising therapeutic agents for suppressing diabetic inflammation and for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy complications.
Effects of Isoflavonoid and Vitamin D Synergism on Bone Mineral Density—A Systematic and Critical Review
Authors: Miedziaszczyk Miłosz , Maciejewski Adam , Idasiak-Piechocka Ilona , Karczewski Marek , Lacka Katarzyna
Published: December 2023

Phytoestrogens are non-steroidal plant compounds, which bind to α and β estrogen receptors, thereby causing specific effects. The best-known group of phytoestrogens are flavonoids, including isoflavonoids—genistein and daidzein. They play a role in the metabolism of bone tissue, improving its density and preventing bone loss, which contributes to reducing the risk of fractures. Vitamin D is found in the form of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and is traditionally recognized as a regulator of bone metabolism. The aim of this review was to evaluate the synergistic effect of isoflavonoids and vitamin D on bone mineral density (BMD). The MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus and Cochrane databases were searched independently by two authors. The search strategy included controlled vocabulary and keywords. Reference publications did not provide consistent data regarding the synergistic effect of isoflavonoids on BMD. Some studies demonstrated a positive synergistic effect of these compounds, whereas in others, the authors did not observe any significant differences. Therefore, further research on the synergism of isoflavonoids and vitamin D may contribute to a significant progress in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Phenylalkyl Glycosides from the Flowers of Brugmansia arborea L. and Their Radical Scavenging Effect and Protective Effect on Pancreatic Islets Damaged by Alloxan in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Larvae
Authors: Kim Hyoung-Geun , Nam Youn Hee , Kang Tong Ho , Baek Nam-In , Lee Min-Ho , Lee Dae Young
Published: December 2023

The study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of Brugmansia arborea L. flower extracts, solvent fractions, and isolated compounds. B. arborea L flowers were extracted with aqueous methanol, and concentrated extract was successively partitioned into EtOAc, n-BuOH, and H2O fractions. Repeated silica gel and octadecyl silica gel column chromatographies for EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions led to the isolation of a new phenylalkyl glycoside (6), along with five known ones. Several spectroscopic data led to the structure determination of one new phenylalky glycoside as brugmansioside C (named) (6) and five known ones as benzyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), benzyl-O-β-D-glucosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 2-phenylethyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 2-phenylethyl-O-β-D-glucosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), and 3-phenylpropyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5). The five known ones (1–5) were isolated from B. arborea flowers for the first time in this study. The extract, solvent fractions, and all isolated compounds showed radical scavenging activities using ABTS radical, and EtOAc fraction showed the highest scavenging capacity, whereas compounds 2, 4, and 6 did not display the capacity to use the DPPH radical. The extract, solvent fractions, and all isolated compounds showed a protective effect on pancreatic islets damaged by alloxan treatment in zebrafish larvae. The pancreatic islet size treated with EtOAc, n-BuOH fractions, and all compounds significantly increased by 64.0%, 69.4%, 82.0%, 89.8%, 80.0%, 97.8%, 103.1%, and 99.6%, respectively, compared to the alloxan-induced group. These results indicate that B. arborea flowers and their isolated compounds are useful as potential antioxidant and antidiabetic agents.
Sustainable Harnessing of SiO2 Nanoparticles from Rice Husks: A Review of the Best Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Rodriguez-Otero Alba , Vargas Vicmary , Galarneau Anne , Castillo Jimmy , Christensen Jan H. , Bouyssiere Brice
Published: December 2023

The extraction of silica particles from rice husks has been extensively studied. This review aims to present the most efficient approach to harnessing rice husk biomass and converting silica into high-value-added materials for direct applications to address current challenges like water purification. Rice husks, as a residue from agriculture, had been largely used as a source of power through direct incineration in major rice-producing countries. However, rice husks present an intriguing opportunity as a renewable source of SiO2, offering a low-cost adsorbent with a high surface area and ease of functionalization that can be transformed into diverse mesoporous silica structures or composites, enabling applications in catalysis, drug delivery, water treatment, etc. This dual potential of rice husks can be harnessed by combining bio-oil and syngas production through pyrolysis with the efficient extraction of SiO2, ensuring the comprehensive utilization of the biomass. This review not only highlights the immense potential of silica nanoparticles but also serves as a roadmap for future investigations, with the ultimate aim of harnessing the full capabilities of this renewable and sustainable resource, contributing to the circular economy by yielding valuable by-products.
From Transition Risks to the Relationship between Carbon Emissions, Economic Growth, and Renewable Energy
Authors: Di Febo Elisa , Angelini Eliana , Le Tu
Published: December 2023

Currently, energy consumption has increased exponentially. Using fossil fuels to produce energy generates high shares of carbon dioxide emissions and greenhouse gases. Moreover, financial authorities at the global and European levels have recognized that climate change poses new risks for individual financial institutions and financial stability. The analysis contributes to the literature in two critical ways. First, the research attempts to develop a map of the transition risk of the EU. In detail, it defines an indicator that will identify the transition risk the EU bears. Second, it analyzes any relationships between the CO2 emissions, economic growth, and the renewable energy of each European country from 1995 to 2020, highlighting the short and long-run relationships. The methodology used is the ARDL. The results show the long-run relationship between GDP, renewable energy consumption, and CO2 emissions is evident. Indeed, economic growth may increase environmental pollution in Europe, while an increase in using renewable energy may reduce CO2 emissions. Therefore, this implies the trade-off between economic development and CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the results indicate the difference in the short-run relationship across countries. However, the results demonstrate that the choice of the European Union to increase the use of renewable energies is more than fair.
Reshaping Leaf-Level Reflectance Data for Plant Species Discrimination: Exploring Image Shape’s Impact on Deep Learning Results
Authors: Yuan Shaoxiong , Song Guangman , Gong Qinghua , Wang Quan , Wang Jun , Chen Jun
Published: December 2023

The application of hyperspectral imagery coupled with deep learning shows vast promise in plant species discrimination. Reshaping one-dimensional (1D) leaf-level reflectance data (LLRD) into two-dimensional (2D) grayscale images as convolutional neural network (CNN) model input demonstrated marked effectiveness in plant species distinction. However, the impact of the image shape on CNN model performance remained unexplored. This study addressed this by reshaping data into fifteen distinct rectangular formats and creating nine CNN models to examine the effect of image structure. Results demonstrated that irrespective of CNN model structure, elongated narrow images yielded superior species identification results. The ‘l’-shaped images at 225 × 9 pixels outperformed other configurations based on 93.95% accuracy, 94.55% precision, and 0.94 F1 score. Furthermore, ‘l’-shaped hyperspectral images consistently produced high classification precision across species. The results suggest this image shape boosts robust predictive performance, paving the way for enhancing leaf trait estimation and proposing a practical solution for pixel-level categorization within hyperspectral imagery (HSIs).
A Total Randomized SLP-Preserving Technique with Improved Privacy and Lifetime in WSNs for IoT and the Impact of Radio Range on SLP
Authors: Mukamanzi Florence , Manjula Raja , Datta Raja , Koduru Tejodbhav , Hanyurwimfura Damien , Didacienne Mukanyiligira
Published: December 2023

Enhanced source location privacy and prolonged network lifetime are imperative for WSNs—the skin of IoT. To address these issues, a novel technique named source location privacy with enhanced privacy and network lifetime (SLP-E) is proposed. It employs a reverse random walk followed by a walk on annular rings, to create divergent routing paths in the network, and finally, min-hop routing together with the walk on dynamic rings to send the packets to the base station (BS). The existing random walk-based SLP approaches have either focused on enhancing only privacy at the cost of network lifetime (NLT) or have aimed at improving the amount of privacy without degrading the network lifetime performance. Unlike these schemes, the objectives of the proposed work are to simultaneously improve the safety period and network lifetime along with achieving uniform privacy. This combination of improvements has not been considered so far in a single SLP random walk-based scheme. Additionally, this study investigates for the first time the impact of the sensors’ radio range on both privacy strength and network lifetime metrics in the context of SLP within WSNs. The performance measurements conducted using the proposed analytical models and the simulation results indicate an improvement in the safety period and network lifespan. The safety period in SLP-E increased by 26.5%, 97%, 123%, and 15.7% when compared with SLP-R, SRR, PRLPRW, and PSSLP techniques, respectively. Similarly, the network lifetime of SLP-E increased by 17.36%, 0.2%, 83.41%, and 13.42% when compared with SLP-R, SRR, PRLPRW, and PSSLP techniques, respectively. No matter where a source node is located within a network, the SLP-E provides uniform and improved privacy and network lifetime. Further, the simulation results demonstrate that the sensors’ radio range has an impact on the safety period, capture ratio, and the network lifetime.
Novel Multi-View RGB Sensor for Continuous Motion Analysis in Kinetic Chain Exercises: A Pilot Study for Simultaneous Validity and Intra-Test Reliability
Authors: Ahn Junghoon , Choi Hongtaek , Lee Heehwa , Lee Jinyoung , Kim Hyeong-Dong
Published: December 2023

As the number of musculoskeletal disorders caused by smartphone usage, sedentary lifestyles, and active sports activities increases, there is a growing demand for precise and accurate measurement and evaluation of issues such as incorrect compensation patterns, asymmetrical posture, and limited joint operation range. Urgent development of new inspection equipment is necessary to address issues such as convenience, economic feasibility, and post-processing difficulties. Using 4DEYE®, a new multi-view red, green, and blue (RGB) sensor-based motion analysis equipment, and the VICON® ratio, which are infrared-based markers, we conducted a comparative analysis of the simultaneous validity of the joint angle (trajectory) and reliability. In this study, five healthy participants who could perform movements were selected for the pilot study and two movements (Y-balance and side dip) were analyzed. In addition, the ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient) was analyzed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) V.18 while the number of data frames of each equipment was equalized using the MATLAB program. The results revealed that side dips, which are open kinetic chain exercises (intraclass correlation coefficient ICC(2.1), 0.895–0.996), showed very high concordance with the Y-balance test, a closed kinetic chain exercise (ICC(2.1), 0.678–0.990). The joint measurement results were similar regardless of the movement in the open or closed kinetic chain exercise, confirming the high reliability of the newly developed multiview RGB sensor. This is of great significance because we obtained important and fundamental results that can be used in various patterns of exercise movements in the future.
Phenomenon-Based Learning in Teaching a Foreign Language: Experiences of Lithuanian Teachers
Authors: Ciuciulkiene Nijole , Tandzegolskiene-Bielaglove Ilona , Culadiene Martyna
Published: December 2023

Phenomenon-based learning (hereinafter PhenoBL) is widely studied in the majority of European countries, especially given that research data indicate that PhenoBL is more successful in providing effective learning, better student achievement, a stronger interest in science, and even a higher happiness index. However, there are sparse data on the educational practice of this method in Lithuania, particularly in foreign language teaching (FLT). Thus, teachers’ professional preparation for the effective implementation of PhenoBL remains one of the most relevant research problems. For this reason, this study aims to analyse the experiences of Lithuanian foreign language teachers in incorporating PhenoBL into FLT. Fifteen individual semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the obtained data were analysed by applying qualitative inductive content analysis. An inductive content analysis of the interview reports revealed six themes and related categories: the perception of student-centred teaching, the development of subject integration competencies, teamwork development competencies, research-planning skills, the positioning of personal responsibilities and duties, and foreign language usage emancipation, i.e. setting free from personal fears (fear to make grammar, vocabulary mistakes, while speaking in public) to speak a foreign languages. The content of the revealed themes indicated that teachers highlighted the flexibility of PhenoBL from the perspective of its application to different language learning levels within one group. The majority of the respondents underlined the necessity for the development of an active didactic competence. Other respondents mentioned the importance of the correlation between personal creativity competence development and success in PhenoBL. It was also stressed that if a teacher wants to be successful while using PhenoB, they must to be prepared to work with integration-based and communication-emancipatory methods, must be student-centred, must have competencies in teaching several subjects, must be good at teamwork, and must be good at managing learning time.
Biochar Amendment in Vermi-Wetland for Enhancing Nitrification during Excess Sludge Recycling
Authors: Bai Ting , Twagirayezu Gratien , Wang Zhen , Xia Hui , Sang Chunlei , Huang Kui , Cheng Hongguang
Published: December 2023

Vermi-wetland is a sustainable technology for recycling excess sludge in small-town areas. Although biochar (BC) amendment into the vermi-wetland could considerably boost the effectiveness of treating sludge, its impact on the nitrogen transformation in vermi-wetland remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to explore the mechanism and performance of BC amendment into the vermi-wetland for enhancing nitrogen transformation during excess sludge recycling. The semi-aquatic plant Acorus calamus and the earthworm Eisenia fetida were planted in the designed vertical vermi-reactor, with corncob BC added to the upper and lower layers of one vermi-reactor, in comparison with the vermi-reactor without BC. The vermi-reactor with BC significantly lowered (p < 0.05) ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrite nitrogen (NO2−-N) in the effluent by 1.63 and 4.85-fold, respectively, and increased considerably nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) in the effluent by 1.5-fold. The numbers of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) in the vermi-reactor with BC were greatly enriched by 6 and 1.42-fold, compared with their counterparts (p < 0.05). Moreover, nirS and nirK gene copies in the vermi-reactor with BC were considerably improved (p < 0.05) by 2.03 and 1.82-fold, respectively. BC significantly enhanced the growth of earthworms by 6.92-fold and promoted plant growth by 1.28-fold. In addition, the AOB members like Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira and the AOA members like Crenarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota cohabited in BC. Overall, these results suggest that a vermi-reactor amended with BC could enhance the nitrification processes of excess sludge, thereby improving the treatment performance of vermi-wetland.
From Takeoff to Touchdown: A Decade’s Review of Carbon Emissions from Civil Aviation in China’s Expanding Megacities
Authors: She Ying , Deng Yangu , Chen Meiling
Published: December 2023

The rapid growth of urbanization in China has led to a substantial escalation in the demand for civil aviation services, consequently propelling China to the third-largest contributor of carbon emissions within the aviation sector. Using the 2012–2021 data on takeoffs and landings of civil aviation aircraft in China, the aircraft engine emission factor database of the Base of Aircraft Data (BADA) from EUROCONTROL, this paper investigates the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of atmospheric pollutants, primarily carbon emissions from Chinese civil aviation aircraft in 19 megacities. The results indicate that (1) China’s aviation CO2 emissions equivalent between 2012 and 2022 has been on an upward trajectory, peaking at 186.53 MT in 2019 with an average annual growth of 12.52%. The trend, albeit momentarily interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, appears to persist. (2) CO2 constitutes the highest proportion of aircraft emissions at 83.87%, with Cruise Climb Descent (CCD) cycle emissions accounting for 96.24%. CO2 and NOX, with the highest increase rates in the CCD and Landing and Takeoff (LTO) phases, respectively, are identified as the chief culprits in aviation-related greenhouse effects. (3) There is a marked spatial imbalance, with 19 megacities contributing 62.08% of total CO2 emissions, compared to the 207 least-emitting cities contributing just 9.29%. (4) The pattern of city carbon emissions is changing, with rapid growth rates in the western cities of Xinjiang, Tibet, Shaanxi, and Guizhou, and varied growth rates among megacities. The implications of this study emphasize the urgency for advancements in aviation fuel technology, rigorous management of CCD phase pollutants, strategic carbon emission controls in populous cities, fostering green aviation initiatives in western regions, diverse carbon mitigation tactics, and strengthening the precision and surveillance of aviation carbon accounting systems. Collectively, this study paints a grand picture of the complexities and challenges associated with China’s urban sprawl and aviation carbon emissions.
Ecosystem Characteristics and Trophic Model of the Artificial Reef Ecosystem in the Sea of Oman, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Al Ismaili Sabrina , Dutta Sachinandan
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to understand the structure and function of the artificial reef ecosystem of the Sea of Oman and its stability and maturity. For this study, the trophic model of the Sea of Oman’s artificial reef ecosystem was described using the Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) ecosystem modeling software (Version 6.6.7). The essential characteristics of the aquatic system were identified using a total of 38 fish species/functional groups, spread across an area of 140 km2 of artificial reef farm. The mean trophic level of the artificial reef ecosystem of the Sea of Oman was 3.039. Sharks were the keystone species of the studied ecosystem. Heniochus acuminatus and Chaetodon gardneri were the species with the highest niche overlap, whereas Acanthurus sohal and other crustaceans, and Terapon puta and Saurida undosquamis were the species with the lowest niche overlap. It was found that the ratio of total primary production to total respiration of the ecosystem studied was more than one, indicating that the system produces more energy than it uses to respire, and the ecosystem of the Sea of Oman can be regarded as a developing system because of its low degree of stability and maturity. The omnivory index was 0.260, the connectance index was 0.159, the total biomass to total throughput ratio was 0.006, Finn’s cycling index was 5.41, the total primary production to total biomass ratio was 64.895, and the total primary production to total respiration ratio was 4.424. The results indicate that the artificial reef ecosystem in the Sea of Oman can be categorized as immature (in the early developmental stage). Further study is needed to improve the input data and track ecosystem health, as well as exploring other management strategies. Based on the outcomes of the study, it is suggested that environmental management of the reef ecosystem, along with the fish catch data, should be taken into consideration for future research.
The Impact of Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Platoon’s Length on Expressway Traffic Flow Characteristics Based on Symmetry Lane Changing Rules
Authors: Luo Haining , Qian Yongsheng , Zeng Junwei , Wei Xuting , Zhang Futao , Wu Zhaopeng , Li Haijun
Published: December 2023

This study mainly investigates the maximum length of CAV (Connected and Autonomous Vehicle) platoons in a heterogeneous traffic flow environment. By employing MATLAB to simulate the heterogeneous traffic flow on expressways, this study focuses on the maximum platoon length of CAV platoons and explores their impact on the traffic flow characteristics on expressways. Firstly, based on four different car-following modes of heterogeneous traffic flow, F-STCA (Flexible–Symmetric Two-Lane Cellular Automata Model) and the symmetric lane-changing strategy, the study refines and improves the construction of the NaSch (Nagel and Schreckenberg) model introduced into the Gipps safety distance formula. The whole improvement process is based on the acceleration decay characteristics of vehicles on expressway. Secondly, the congestion situations under different maximum platoon lengths are compared using fundamental heat maps of the simulation data. The evolution of the fundamental diagram with changes in maximum platoon length is studied to investigate the impact and magnitude of maximum platoon lengths on the road capacity under different CAV permeabilities. Finally, the study explores the stability and safety of heterogeneous traffic flow involving CAV platoons using SD (Standard Deviation) and TERCRI (Time-Exposed Rear-End Collision Risk Index). The results show that when the CAV’s permeability does not reach a high level on heavily trafficked sections of the expressway, considering the overall average speed, the maximum platoon length should not be set too long and should be around five vehicles. This restriction does not apply when the CAV permeability approaches 100%.
Assessment of Biofilm Growth on Microplastics in Freshwaters Using a Passive Flow-Through System
Authors: Jiang Chengyang , Almuhtaram Husein , McKie Michael J. , Andrews Robert C.
Published: December 2023

Biofilms that colonize on the surface of microplastics (MPs) in freshwaters may pose a potential health risk. This study examined factors that influence MP-associated biofilm growth, including polymer type, degree of weathering, and source water quality. Weathered MPs produced in-lab were employed in biofilm trials conducted on site using a passive flow-through system with raw water at drinking water treatment facility intakes. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was used to quantify biofilm abundance; biofilm composition was assessed via metagenomic sequencing. Biofilm growth was observed on all polymer types examined and most prevalent on polyvinyl chloride (PVC), where ATP levels were 6 to 12 times higher when compared to other polymers. Pathogen-containing species including Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli were present on all polymers with relative abundance up to 13.7%. S. enterica was selectively enriched on weathered MPs in specific water matrices. These findings support the need to research the potential accumulation of pathogenic organisms on microplastic surfaces.
Risk Assessment of Isoeugenol in Food Based on Benchmark Dose—Response Modeling
Authors: Quentin Thomas , Franke Heike , Lachenmeier Dirk W.
Published: December 2023

Isoeugenol has recently been evaluated as possibly carcinogenic (Group 2B) by the WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). In light of this evaluation, an updated risk assessment of this common food constituent was conducted using the benchmark dose (BMD) approach as recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for point of departure (POD) determination, as an alternative to the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). This approach was specifically chosen, as for the relevant neoplastic endpoints only lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) values are available. The toxicological endpoint from the animal studies with the most conservative BMD lower confidence limit (BMDL) value was identified. Using the obtained BMDL value of 8 mg/kg body weight/day as POD, an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 16 µg/kg body weight/day was obtained, which—despite being more conservative than previous approaches—is still clearly above the estimated daily exposure level to isoeugenol in the USA and in Europe. These results confirm a low risk of the estimated daily exposure levels of isoeugenol.
Managing the quality and nutritional value of fortifi ed nutrient-adapted food products for the purpose of their export-oriented production
Authors:   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Eliseeva L.G. , Molodkina P.G. ,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Simina D.V. ,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
Published: December 2023

This article presents an analysis of the market for fortifi ed food products manufactured worldwide for the period of 2014–2022. The prospects for using a mix of microgreens as a functional ingredient in the fortification of food products for mass consumption and the results of the formation of the biological effectiveness of the fat component of fortifi ed mayonnaise sauce for the development of export-oriented production, which is not inferior in consumer properties to foreign analogues, are presented.
The system of tenure and use of agricultural land by example of Penza region
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics” (VNIIESH), Moscow, Alakoz V.V.
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the system of tenure and use of agricultural land by example of Penza region. This system is a key element in determining whether and how people, communities and other users can acquire rights and associated responsibilities to use and control land resources. There are many problems arising due to poor land administration, which can impact social stability, sustainable use of the environment, investment and economic growth. Recognition of the key role of land in sustainable development and food security is ensured by equitable access to land resources and land rights. Livelihoods, particularly for the rural poors, are based on secure and equitable access to land, forest and water resources and represent a key driver of economic growth.
The main aspects of geodetic surveys establishing the boundaries of a municipal road
Authors:   Land Management and Cadastre Department, State University of Land Use Planning, Moscow, Tsarenko A. A. , Sinyashina A. D. ,   Land Management and Cadastre Department, State University of Land Use Planning, Moscow
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the structure that facilitates the registration of a real estate property in the State Real Estate Cadester (SREC). The importance and significance of carrying out engineering surveys in relation to real estate objects are reflected in this paper. The authors found the points of the state geodetic network (SGN), visited each SGN point and approved their coordinates. To study the road network, the authors chose the method of satellite geodetic determinations in fast static mode. The selected equipment - EFT M1 GNSS receiver - collects the most accurate data using the advanced technology and the highest levels of performance, precision and quality. The cadastral engineer processed the obtained coordinates and formed a geodetic construction scheme. In conclusion, the technical plan for putting the facility into operation was prepared on the basis of the received data.
El malestar de América Latina
Authors: Villegas Mauricio
Published: December 2023

El malestar de América Latina no solo se explica por las ideologías, las injusticias, o la incompetencia de sus élites gobernantes, sino también por los odios, venganzas y envidias incubados en el corazón de los actores políticos. Así, aunque las emociones no explican todo lo que ocurre, ayudan a entender las luchas políticas. En este ensayo se analizan las tres “emociones tristes” que han tenido mayor peso en la historia del continente: el miedo, la desconfianza y el delirio político. Asimismo, se plantea que el antídoto contra las furias de la política está en las instituciones, así como en la educación y la cultura. Finalmente se esgrime el rescate del sentimiento americanista como instrumento para fortalecer las instituciones continentales y para reactivar el mito de unidad colectiva que arme un relato nuevo en torno a ideales comunes.
Predicting anticipated benefit from an extended consultation to personalise care in multimorbidity: a development and internal validation study of a prioritisation algorithm in general practice
Authors: Bogerd Mieke JL , Exmann Collin JC , Slottje Pauline , Bont Jettie , Van Hout Hein PJ
Published: December 2023

Background

Persons with multimorbidity may gain from person-centred care compared with the current protocolised chronic-disease management in Dutch general practice. Given time constraints and limited resources, it is essential to prioritise those most in need of an assessment of person-centred chronic-care needs.

Aim

To develop and validate a prioritisation algorithm based on routine electronic medical record (EMR) data that distinguishes between patients with multimorbidity who would, and those who would not, benefit from an extended person-centred consultation to assess person-centred chronic-care needs, as judged by GPs.

Design and setting

A mixed-methods study was conducted in five general practices in the north-west region of the Netherlands. Four out of the five practices were situated in rural areas.

Method

Multivariable logistic regression using EMR data to predict the GPs’ judgement on patients’ anticipated benefit from an extended consultation, as well as a thematic analysis of a focus group exploring GPs’ clinical reasoning for this judgement were conducted. Internal validation was performed using 10-fold cross-validation. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of ≥3 chronic conditions.

Results

In total, EMRs from 1032 patients were included in the analysis; of these, 352 (34.1%) were judged to have anticipated benefit. The model’s cross-validated C-statistic was 0.72 (95% confidence interval = 0.70 to 0.75). Calibration was good. Presence of home visit(s) and history of myocardial infarction were associated with anticipated benefit. Thematic analysis revealed three dimensions feeding anticipated benefit: GPs’ cause for concern, patients’ mindset regarding their conditions, and balance between received care/expected care needed.

Conclusion

This algorithm may facilitate automated prioritisation, potentially avoiding the need for GPs to personally triage the whole practice population that has multimorbidity. However, external validation of the algorithm and evaluation of actual benefit of consultation is recommended before implementation.
PERAN GURU DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VIII SMP MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN AGAMA KATOLIK DAN BUDI PEKERTI
Authors: Br Purba Emelda Winona , Tibo Paulinus
Published: December 2023

The Role of the Catholic Religious Education Teacher in Increasing Students' Interest in Class VIII Through Learning Catholic Religious Education and Characteristics at SMP RK Deli Murni Delitua. This research was conducted determine the role of Catholic religious education teachers in increasing interest in learning for Grade VIII students through learning Catholic religious education and morals. This type of research used is a qualitative method. The qualitative method was chosen because it can explore a problem in-depth and can explain in detail about a problem that occurs, starting from identifying a problem in-depth and explaining a problem that occurs, starting from identifying the problem to explaining the solution. The number of respondents in this study consisted of one Catholic religious education teacher and six students. The location of the research was at SMP RK Deli Murni Delitua. This Study used several techniques to collect the data observation, interviews, and documentation. The research subjects used were Catholic religious education teachers and class VIII students. The results of this study indicate that, firstly, the role of Catholic religious education teachers in this school is good. This can be seen from the students' increased interest in learning, and secondly, the students' interest in learning is good, 85% of students' interest in learning is high, and 15% is interested in low student learning.
KREATIVITAS GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KATOLIK DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA DI SMA KATOLIK 2 KABANJAHE
Authors: Sitepu Dita Rila , Lumbanbatu Johannes
Published: December 2023

The role of teachers in enhancing students' learning motivation is crucial, especially in catholic religious education. Catholic Religious Education teachers are responsible for being role models, providing inspiration, and motivating students. Teacher creativity is critical n enhancing students' motivation to learn Catholic Religious Education. This research aims to analyze the role of Catholic Religious Education teachers' creativity in motivating students. The research method used is  qualitative with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research indicate that Catholic Religious Education teachers employ various creative teaching methods and instructional media to enhance students' learning motivation. They implement strategies such as the using pictures, videos, music, group discussions, role-playing, and project assignments. Teachers also assist students in achieving satisfactory learning outcomes by providing guidance, support, and positive feedback. It is expected that the findings of this research will provide a better understanding of the role of Catholic Religious Education teachers' creativity in motivating students and offer valuable  recommendations for teachers and education policymakers.
ANALISIS PRAKTEK DUKUN SANTET : DUGAAN PELANGGARAN HAM MENURUT PRESPEKTIF HUKUM POSITIF DAN HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Eliana Siska
Published: December 2023

Indonesia is a state of law that upholds justice for the community without exception. In the formulation of Pancasila, it has been stated that justice must be upheld for all Indonesian people, as well as mentioned in the Koran that being fair must be upheld; even the Koran states that the protection of life, maintenance of life, and provision of life must be given to all humans. Unrest over the protection of human rights which is sometimes violated and taken lightly by individuals who have spiritual knowledge, with different backgrounds of humans who believe and claim and consider themselves to have spiritual knowledge so that they can pose a threat to other humans who can cause accidents, make a disability and even take someone's life. This research was conducted using the search library method by retrieving data through the data collection method of writing, recording, and analyzing data. In order to provide its legal force to deal with matters related to chastity that cause criminalization, the Criminal Code Bill only focuses on prevention but not on eradication, in contrast to Islamic law, which regulates the law in chastity which regulates the details and characteristics of a person who can be punished if proven to have done things related to chastity.
DESAFIOS DO PROGRAMA “GOIÁS TEC – ENSINO MÉDIO AO ALCANCE DE TODOS”
Authors: Torres Udna Lemos , Fialho Wanessa Cristiane Gonçalves , Ferreira Juliana Simião
Published: December 2023

O Programa “GOIÁS TEC – Ensino Médio ao Alcance de Todos”, oferta o Ensino Médio regular com o uso de ferramentas tecnológicas, sendo composto por aulas ministradas em estúdio, por professores habilitados por área de conhecimento, transmitidas, via satélite, em tempo real, aos estudantes que estarão na sala de aula interativa da sua comunidade. O propósito é a implantação do Ensino Médio por Mediação Tecnológica em distritos, zonas rurais e regiões de difícil acesso ou que possuam carência de professores habilitados para lecionarem. A partir disso, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as possíveis contribuições deste programa para os alunos participantes em zonas rurais de Quirinópolis, Goiás. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de questionário, com questões de múltipla escolha e questões abertas aplicadas aos estudantes, utilizando como ferramenta o Google Forms. Ao analisarmos as respostas, verificamos, entre os pontos positivos: a qualificação dos professores e a possibilidade de rever novamente as aulas em casa em outro horário. Quanto aos pontos negativos, os alunos mencionaram: as dúvidas em alguns conteúdos, também foi informado que alguns alunos não se adaptaram ao método de ensino, além da internet de má qualidade e falta de energia elétrica na escola, no horário da transmissão das aulas. Diante desse cenário, para um bom desempenho deste modelo de ensino, acreditamos que deve haver acompanhamento pedagógico e monitoramento técnico diários, durante todo o processo de execução no período letivo, para que os problemas sejam sanados, à medida que surjam.
ESCOLARIZAÇÃO DE JOVENS EM RONDÔNIA NA DÉCADA DE 1980
Authors: Oliveira Edeli Diogo de , Barbosa Xênia de Castro
Published: December 2023

A Escola Agrotécnica Silvio Gonçalves de Faria foi uma das primeiras instituições de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT) de Rondônia, tendo sido criada em 1981, quando Rondônia ainda era Território Federal. Ao longo de quase três décadas, promoveu a escolarização de jovens rurais e urbanos provenientes dos mais diversos municípios de Rondônia. Este artigo objetiva contribuir para a reflexão acerca das experiências de escolarização de jovens promovidas pela referida instituição de ensino. A pesquisa teve como problema central compreender: Como os egressos avaliam a formação recebida? O método que seu suporte à investigação foi o método histórico. Os resultados demonstraram haver alinhamento político e pedagógico da escola com os desafios socioeconômicos presentes no território onde se situava, e no que se refere às experiências de escolarização desenvolvidas em seus ambientes, os egressos avaliaram positivamente essas experiências, embora tenham relatado inúmeras dificuldades, inclusive situações graves de insegurança alimentar, decorrentes da falta de merenda escolar.
FUNDAMENTOS DO DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO NA HISTÓRIA DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL BRASILEIRA
Authors: Ferrazzo Gedeli , Jacomeli Mara Regina Martins
Published: December 2023

No movimento histórico, de acordo com as características de cada formação social, a humanidade produziu diferentes formas de compreender a criança e o papel da Educação Infantil. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente trabalho é caracterizar os fundamentos do desenvolvimento humano que exerceram influência na história da Educação Infantil brasileira. Para tanto, conduziu-se um estudo bibliográfico e documental, com o propósito de delinear na história da Educação Infantil brasileira, a compreensão dos fundamentos das proposições elaboradas que sustentam as práticas pedagógicas. Trata-se de um tema importante, considerando que o trabalho educativo da primeira etapa da educação básica sempre padeceu sobre enfoques pedagógicos anti-escolares e assistemáticos, resultando em uma política pública recessiva pela oferta de programas de caráter ora compensatórios, ora preparatórios ou preventivos, com escassos recursos do setor público. Encerra-se o texto, destacando os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos que possibilitam a superação da concepção assistencialista-compensatória, capazes de contribuir na compreensão das práticas pedagógicas compromissadas com o desenvolvimento pleno dos aspectos estruturantes do sujeito humano, na formação das novas gerações.
CIVILIZAR E INSTRUIR NA SÉRIE GRADUADA NA ESCOLA E NO LAR
Authors: Alcanfor Lucilene Rezende
Published: December 2023

O artigo discute o projeto pedagógico civilizador na série graduada de leitura Na escola e no lar de autoria do professor paulista Thomaz Galhardo. Editada entre o final do século XIX e início do XX, constatamos, a partir dos indícios esparsos das edições localizadas na pesquisa, que o primeiro livro da série circulou até 1992 e os demais até os anos 1960, revelando um conjunto de práticas de leitura cuja popularidade se explica pelo aparecimento de um mercado editorial específico para o gênero didático e sua adequação à estrutura do ensino primário. Seguindo o critério da continuidade dos conteúdos por lições e temas, esses manuais têm como base uma nova concepção de vida social, que precisava ser aprendida na escola. Por meio dos seus elementos constitutivos, o objetivo do texto é apresentar o modelo de projeto civilizador presente nessa série para a formação moral e intelectual da infância brasileira. Seguindo as trilhas metodológicas da História Cultural, elegemos as categorias de práticas e representações para discutirmos como as percepções do social não são discursos neutros, ao contrário, produzem estratégias e práticas que tendem a impor uma autoridade, de modo a legitimar um projeto reformador. A partir da análise das edições escolares comprovamos o modo como um modelo civilizatório é construído, pensado e transformado em objeto de ensino por meio dos livros didáticos.
Preventive epidemiology as a branch of epidemiology
Authors: Alivand Soleyman , Dehghan Sara , Pourjafari Mahdi , Mardanparvar Hossein
Published: December 2023

Preventive epidemiology is a branch of epidemiology that differs from other branches in terms of focus, goals, and studying population. In other branches of epidemiology, the focus is on patients, while in preventive epidemiology, it is on healthy individuals. In other words, Preventive epidemiology aims to prevent diseases and promote health through interventions, while other branches study the distribution, determinants, and causes of health problems to control them.
Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance Dan Corporate Social Responsibility Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Kinerja Keuangan Sebagai Pemoderasi
Authors: Mishelei Loen
Published: December 2023

This study aims to examine the Effect of Good Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibilityon Company Value with Financial Performance as a Moderator, Mining Companies Registered on the IDXfor the 2020-2022 period. The data used in this research is quantitative data. The sampling technique usingpurposive sampling obtained a total sample of 66 data. The results of the study show that GCG has no effecton firm value. Corporate Social Responsibility has an effect on company value. Financial performancecannot moderate the relationship between GCG and company value. Financial performance is able tomoderate the relationship between CSR disclosure and firm value.
Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility dan Mekanisme Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan
Authors: Dhistianti Mei Rahmawantari
Published: December 2023

This study aims to examine the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility and Good CorporateGovernance on Company Performance in Food and Beverage Manufacturing Companies Listedon the IDX for the 2019-2022 period. The data used in this research is quantitative data. Thesampling technique using purposive sampling obtained a total sample of 48 data. The results ofthe study show that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) influences company performance.Good Corporate Governance (GCG) has no effect on company performance. Corporate SocialResponsibility (CSR) and Good Corporate Governance (GCG) have an influence on companyperformance.