bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between fatigue, pruritus, and thirst distress with quality of life among patients receiving hemodialysis: a mediator model to test concept of treatment adherence
Authors: Sharif-Nia Hamid , Marôco João , Froelicher Erika Sivarajan , Barzegari Saeed , Sadeghi Niloofar , Fatehi Reza
Published: May 2024

Hemodialysis is a conservative treatment for end-stage renal disease. It has various complications which negatively affect quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to examine the relationship between fatigue, pruritus, and thirst distress (TD) with QOL of patients receiving hemodialysis, while also considering the mediating role of treatment adherence (TA). This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2023 on 411 patients receiving hemodialysis. Participants were consecutively recruited from several dialysis centers in Iran. Data were collected using a demographic information form, the Fatigue Assessment Scale, the Thirst Distress Scale, the Pruritus Severity Scale, the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey, and the modified version of the Greek Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire for Hemodialysis Patients. Covariance-based structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. The structural model and hypothesis testing results showed that all hypotheses were supported in this study. QOL had a significant inverse association with fatigue, pruritus, and TD and a significant positive association with TA. TA partially mediated the association of QOL with fatigue, pruritus, and TD, denoting that it helped counteract the negative association of these complications on QOL. This model explained 68.5% of the total variance of QOL. Fatigue, pruritus, and TD have a negative association with QOL among patients receiving hemodialysis, while TA reduces these negative associations. Therefore, TA is greatly important to manage the associations of these complications and improve patient outcomes. Healthcare providers need to assign high priority to TA improvement among these patients to reduce their fatigue, pruritus, and TD and improve their QOL. Further studies are necessary to determine the most effective strategies for improving TA and reducing the burden of complications in this patient population.
Unravelling the nutritional and health benefits of marketable winged termites (Macrotermes spp.) as sustainable food sources in Africa
Authors: Cheseto Xavier , Ochieng Brian O. , Subramanian Sevgan , Tanga Chrysantus M.
Published: May 2024

Termites are widely distributed globally and serve as a valuable food source in many countries. However, information on the myriad nutritional benefits of processed termite products in African markets remain largely unexploited. This study evaluated the phytochemicals, fatty acids, amino acids, minerals, vitamins and proximate composition of the edible winged termites (Macrotermes spp.) from three major Counties of Kenya. A total of 9 flavonoids, 5 alkaloids, and 1 cytokinin were identified. The oil content varied from 33 to 46%, exhibiting significant levels of beneficial omega 3 fatty acids, such as methyl (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoate and methyl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate, ranging from 82.7–95.1 to 6.3–8.1 µg/g, respectively, across the different regions. Four essential and cereal-limiting amino acids lysine (1.0–1.3 mg/g), methionine (0.08–0.1 mg/g), leucine (0.6–0.9 mg/g) and threonine (0.1–0.2 mg/g), were predominant. Moreover, termites had a rich profile of essential minerals, including iron (70.7–111.8 mg/100 g), zinc (4.4–16.2 mg/100 g) and calcium (33.1–53.0 mg/100 g), as well as vitamins A (2.4–6.4 mg/kg), C (0.6–1.9 mg/kg) and B12 (10.7–17.1 mg/kg). The crude protein (32.2–44.8%) and fat (41.2–49.1%) contents of termites from the various Counties was notably high. These findings demonstrated the promising nutrients potential of winged termites and advocate for their sustainable utilization in contemporary efficacious functional food applications to combat malnutrition.
Effects of extreme temperatures on public sentiment in 49 Chinese cities
Authors: Wang Chan , Bai Yi-Xiang , Li Xin-Wu , Lin Lu-tong
Published: May 2024

The rising sentiment challenges of the metropolitan residents may be attributed to the extreme temperatures. However, nationwide real-time empirical studies that examine this claim are rare. In this research, we construct a daily extreme temperature index and sentiment metric using geotagged posts on one of China's largest social media sites, Weibo, to verify this hypothesis. We find that extreme temperatures causally decrease individuals' sentiment, and extremely low temperature may decrease more than extremely high temperature. Heterogeneity analyses reveal that individuals living in high levels of PM2.5, existing new COVID-19 diagnoses and low-disposable income cities on workdays are more vulnerable to the impact of extreme temperatures on sentiment. More importantly, the results also demonstrate that the adverse effects of extremely low temperatures on sentiment are more minor for people living in northern cities with breezes. Finally, we estimate that with a one-standard increase of extremely high (low) temperature, the sentiment decreases by approximately 0.161 (0.272) units. Employing social media to monitor public sentiment can assist policymakers in developing data-driven and evidence-based policies to alleviate the adverse impacts of extreme temperatures.
Development of a new caged intein for multi-input conditional translation of synthetic mRNA
Authors: Yang Tingting , Nakanishi Hideyuki , Itaka Keiji
Published: May 2024

mRNA medicines can be used to express therapeutic proteins, but the production of such proteins in non-target cells has a risk of adverse effects. To accurately distinguish between therapeutic target and nontarget cells, it is desirable to utilize multiple proteins expressed in each cell as indicators. To achieve such multi-input translational regulation of mRNA medicines, in this study, we engineered Rhodothermus marinus (Rma) DnaB intein to develop “caged Rma DnaB intein” that enables conditional reconstitution of full-length translational regulator protein from split fragments. By combining the caged Rma DnaB intein, the split translational regulator protein, and target protein-binding domains, we succeeded in target protein-dependent translational repression of mRNA in human cells. In addition, the caged Rma intein showed orthogonality to the previously reported Nostoc punctiforme (Npu) DnaE-based caged intein. Finally, by combining these two orthogonal caged inteins, we developed an mRNA-based logic gate that regulates translation based on the expression of multiple intracellular proteins. This study provides important information to develop safer mRNA medicines.
Association between maternal heavy metal exposure and Kawasaki Disease, the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)
Authors: Yanai Takanori , Yoshida Satomi , Takeuchi Masato , Kawakami Chihiro , Kawakami Koji , Ito Shuichi ,   the Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group, Kamijima Michihiro , Yamazaki Shin , Ohya Yukihiro , Kishi Reiko , Yaegashi Nobuo , Mori Chisato , Yamagata Zentaro , Inadera Hidekuni , Nakayama Takeo , Sobue Tomotaka , Shima Masayuki , Nakamura Hiroshige , Suganuma Narufumi , Kusuhara Koichi , Katoh Takahiko
Published: May 2024

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis primarily affecting young children, with an unclear etiology. We investigated the link between maternal heavy metal exposure and KD incidence in children using the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, a large-scale nationwide prospective cohort with approximately 100,000 mother–child pairs. Maternal blood samples collected during the second/third trimester were analyzed for heavy metals [mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn)], divided into four quartiles based on concentration levels. KD incidence within the first year of life was tracked via questionnaire. Among 85,378 mother–child pairs, 316 children (0.37%) under one year were diagnosed with KD. Compared with the lowest concentration group (Q1), the highest (Q4) showed odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for Hg, 1.29 (0.82–2.03); Cd, 0.99 (0.63–1.58); Pb, 0.84 (0.52–1.34); Se, 1.17 (0.70–1.94); Mn, 0.70 (0.44–1.11), indicating no concentration-dependent increase. Sensitivity analyses with logarithmic transformation and extended outcomes up to age 3 yielded similar results. No significant association was found between maternal heavy metal levels and KD incidence, suggesting that heavy metal exposure does not increase KD risk.
Fracture propagation and pore pressure evolution characteristics induced by hydraulic and pneumatic fracturing of coal
Authors: Zhengzheng Cao , Xiangqian Yang , Zhenhua Li , Cunhan Huang , Feng Du , Wenqiang Wang , Xianjie Ni , Shuai Liu , Zhen Li
Published: May 2024

A two-dimensional unsteady seepage model for coal using a finite element program is developed, and the temporal variations of key factors such as water pressure and hydraulic gradient are analyzed in this paper. Additionally, the triaxial rock mechanical experiment and utilized pneumatic fracturing equipment on raw coal samples to investigate both hydraulic and pneumatic fracturing processes are conducted. Through these experiments, the relationship between pressure and crack formation and expansion are examined. The analysis reveals that the pore pressure gradient at the coal inlet reaches its peak during rapid surges in water pressure but diminishes over time. Conversely, the pore pressure gradient at the outlet side exhibits a gradual increase. Hydraulic fracturing is most likely to occur at the water inlet during sudden increases in water pressure. Besides, as the permeability of coal decreases, the duration for seepage stabilization prolongs due to the intensified pore pressure gradient resulting from sudden increases in water pressure. Moreover, an extended period of high hydraulic gradient further increases the risk of hydraulic fracturing. The experimental findings indicate that coal samples initially experience tensile failure influenced by water and air pressure. Subsequently, mode I cracks form under pressure, propagating along the fracture surface and becoming visible. The main types of failure observed in hydraulic and pneumatic fracturing are diametrical tensile failure, and the development of fractures can be categorized into three distinct stages, which contains the initial stage characterized by slight volume changes while water pressure increases, the expansion stage when pressure reaches the failure strength, and the crack closure stage marked by little or even decreasing volume changes during pressure unloading. The acoustic emission signal accurately corresponds to these three stages.
Functional soft robotic composites based on organic photovoltaic and dielectric elastomer actuator
Authors: Abolhosen Ahmed Miguel Román , Lee Shinyoung , Fukuda Kenjiro , Someya Takao , González Leobardo Hernández , Shintake Jun
Published: May 2024

Improving the energy efficiency of robots remains a crucial challenge in soft robotics, with energy harvesting emerging as a promising approach to address it. This study presents a functional soft robotic composite called OPV-DEA, which integrates flexible organic photovoltaic (OPV) and dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA). The composite can simultaneously generate electrostatic bending actuation and harvest energy from external lights. Owing to its simplicity and inherent flexibility, the OPV-DEA is poised to function as a fundamental building block for soft robots. This study aimed to validate this concept by initially establishing the fabrication process of OPV-DEA. Subsequently, experimental samples are fabricated and characterized. The results show that the samples exhibit a voltage-controllable bending actuation of up to 15.6° and harvested power output of 1.35 mW under an incident power irradiance of 11.7 mW/cm2. These performances remain consistent even after 1000 actuation cycles. Finally, to demonstrate the feasibility of soft robotic applications, an untethered swimming robot equipped with two OPV-DEAs is fabricated and tested. The robot demonstrates swimming at a speed of 21.7 mm/s. The power consumption of the robot is dominated by a high-voltage DC-DC converter, with a value approximately 1.5 W. As a result, the on-board OPVs cannot supply the necessary energy during locomotion simultaneously. Instead, they contribute to the overall system by charging a battery used for the controller on board. Nevertheless, these findings suggest that the OPV-DEA could pave the way for the development of an unprecedented range of functional soft robots.
A critical assessment of using ChatGPT for extracting structured data from clinical notes
Authors: Huang Jingwei , Yang Donghan M. , Rong Ruichen , Nezafati Kuroush , Treager Colin , Chi Zhikai , Wang Shidan , Cheng Xian , Guo Yujia , Klesse Laura J. , Xiao Guanghua , Peterson Eric D. , Zhan Xiaowei , Xie Yang
Published: May 2024

Existing natural language processing (NLP) methods to convert free-text clinical notes into structured data often require problem-specific annotations and model training. This study aims to evaluate ChatGPT’s capacity to extract information from free-text medical notes efficiently and comprehensively. We developed a large language model (LLM)-based workflow, utilizing systems engineering methodology and spiral “prompt engineering” process, leveraging OpenAI’s API for batch querying ChatGPT. We evaluated the effectiveness of this method using a dataset of more than 1000 lung cancer pathology reports and a dataset of 191 pediatric osteosarcoma pathology reports, comparing the ChatGPT-3.5 (gpt-3.5-turbo-16k) outputs with expert-curated structured data. ChatGPT-3.5 demonstrated the ability to extract pathological classifications with an overall accuracy of 89%, in lung cancer dataset, outperforming the performance of two traditional NLP methods. The performance is influenced by the design of the instructive prompt. Our case analysis shows that most misclassifications were due to the lack of highly specialized pathology terminology, and erroneous interpretation of TNM staging rules. Reproducibility shows the relatively stable performance of ChatGPT-3.5 over time. In pediatric osteosarcoma dataset, ChatGPT-3.5 accurately classified both grades and margin status with accuracy of 98.6% and 100% respectively. Our study shows the feasibility of using ChatGPT to process large volumes of clinical notes for structured information extraction without requiring extensive task-specific human annotation and model training. The results underscore the potential role of LLMs in transforming unstructured healthcare data into structured formats, thereby supporting research and aiding clinical decision-making.
Forming cognitive maps for abstract spaces: the roles of the human hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex
Authors: Qiu Yidan , Li Huakang , Liao Jiajun , Chen Kemeng , Wu Xiaoyan , Liu Bingyi , Huang Ruiwang
Published: May 2024

How does the human brain construct cognitive maps for decision-making and inference? Here, we conduct an fMRI study on a navigation task in multidimensional abstract spaces. Using a deep neural network model, we assess learning levels and categorized paths into exploration and exploitation stages. Univariate analyses show higher activation in the bilateral hippocampus and lateral prefrontal cortex during exploration, positively associated with learning level and response accuracy. Conversely, the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and retrosplenial cortex show higher activation during exploitation, negatively associated with learning level and response accuracy. Representational similarity analysis show that the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and OFC more accurately represent destinations in exploitation than exploration stages. These findings highlight the collaboration between the medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex in learning abstract space structures. The hippocampus may be involved in spatial memory formation and representation, while the OFC integrates sensory information for decision-making in multidimensional abstract spaces.
Restoration of non-Hermitian bulk-boundary correspondence by counterbalancing skin effect
Authors: Xiao Yi-Xin , Zhang Zhao-Qing , Chan C. T.
Published: May 2024

In systems exhibiting the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE), the bulk spectrum under open boundary conditions (OBC) significantly differs from that of its periodic counterpart. This disparity renders the conventional bulk-boundary correspondence (BBC) inapplicable. Here we propose an intuitive approach called doubling and swapping to restore the BBC, using the non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model as an example. Explicitly, we construct a modified system free of NHSE by swapping the asymmetric intracell hoppings in every second primitive unit cell. Importantly, this change does not alter the OBC spectrum. As a result, the modified periodic system can serve as the bulk for defining topological invariants that accurately predict edge states and topological phase transitions. The basic principle is applicable to many other systems. By extending the study to disordered systems in which the asymmetric hoppings are randomly swapped, we show that two types of winding numbers can also be defined to account for the NHSE and topological edge states, respectively.
Data-driven modeling of interrelated dynamical systems
Authors: Elul Yonatan , Rozenberg Eyal , Boyarski Amit , Yaniv Yael , Schuster Assaf , Bronstein Alex M.
Published: May 2024

Non-linear dynamical systems describe numerous real-world phenomena, ranging from the weather, to financial markets and disease progression. Individual systems may share substantial common information, for example patients’ anatomy. Lately, deep-learning has emerged as a leading method for data-driven modeling of non-linear dynamical systems. Yet, despite recent breakthroughs, prior works largely ignored the existence of shared information between different systems. However, such cases are quite common, for example, in medicine: we may wish to have a patient-specific model for some disease, but the data collected from a single patient is usually too small to train a deep-learning model. Hence, we must properly utilize data gathered from other patients. Here, we explicitly consider such cases by jointly modeling multiple systems. We show that the current single-system models consistently fail when trying to learn simultaneously from multiple systems. We suggest a framework for jointly approximating the Koopman operators of multiple systems, while intrinsically exploiting common information. We demonstrate how we can adapt to a new system using order-of-magnitude less new data and show the superiority of our model over competing methods, in terms of both forecasting ability and statistical fidelity, across chaotic, cardiac, and climate systems.
Extreme hydrometeorological events induce abrupt and widespread freshwater temperature changes across the Pacific Northwest of North America
Authors: Déry Stephen J. , Martins Eduardo G. , Owens Philip N. , Petticrew Ellen L.
Published: May 2024

The Pacific Northwest of North America experienced four extreme hydrometeorological events during 2021 including intense cold waves in mid-February and late December, the record-setting June heat dome, and catastrophic floods caused by two November atmospheric rivers. While the synoptic-scale patterns and terrestrial hydrological responses to these extreme events are well documented, scant information has been published on corresponding freshwater temperature responses. Here, we apply an observational database of hourly freshwater temperatures at 554 sites across the region to characterize their evolution during these four extreme hydrometeorological events. The two cold snaps and summer heat dome induced a general 1 °C decline and 2.7 °C increase, respectively, in water temperatures with subdued changes (+0.4 °C) during the mid-November floods. For 193 sites with long-term records, 478 daily maximum water temperatures were exceeded during the heat dome and 94 were surpassed during the flooding event, suggesting deleterious effects for water quality and aquatic species.
Aromatase inhibitors and fracture prevention – do 2017 guidelines work in real world?
Authors: Mirza Anem , Naing Zeyar Win , Khonsari Parisa , Khan Haseeb , Abbas Ali K. , Nisar Muhammad K.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Aromatase inhibitor induced bone loss (AIBL) is a recognised adverse event with resultant increase in fracture risk. We aimed to determine the real-world impact of the 2017 consensus guidelines on AIBL and see if it is effective in fracture prevention.

Methods

Over a 7-year study period, 1001 women prescribed AI were split in two groups. First group were offered bone active treatment based on NOS 2008 guidelines whereas the second group followed the 2017 consensus guidelines.

Results

1001 women were included.

First group: 361 women had a baseline DEXA with 143 (40%) women who had a normal DEXA, 174 (48%) had osteopenia and 44 (12%) had osteoporosis. Of the women with osteopenia, 44 (25%) women were offered treatment, and 22 (13%) women had a fracture. Second group: 640 women had a baseline DEXA with 216 (33%) women with a normal result, 322(50%) had osteopenia and 107 (17%) had osteoporosis. Of the women with osteopenia, 127 (39%) women were offered treatment, and 8 (2.5%) women had a fracture.

Conclusions

Our study provides real world evidence of the success of 2017 consensus statement in lowering fracture risk. A significant reduction in fractures pre (13%) and post guidelines change (2.5%) was demonstrated (absolute risk reduction of 10.5%) which has implications for healthcare systems worldwide as we have demonstrated this approach can reduce morbidity.

Lay summary

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women with over two million women diagnosed with it annually. Early diagnosis and treatment with hormonal therapies have helped reduce mortality. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are the main drugs in this class and have demonstrated improved survival. However, whilst conveying major benefits, AIs reduce oestrogen levels leading to significant bone loss and increasing fracture risk. Several protocols have been recommended to address this concern. We compared the two guidelines published by National Osteoporosis Society UK in 2008 and consensus statement recommended by seven breast cancer and bone health groups in 2017 to see which work better in preventing fractures in women prescribed AIs for breast cancer. Our study shows that the 2017 guidelines are better at preventing fractures in the real world. Hence, we suggest that these should be adopted by specialists treating breast cancer which can help women avoid fractures and improve long term health.
Bridging barriers: advances and challenges in modeling biological barriers and measuring barrier integrity in organ-on-chip systems
Authors: Ugodnikov Alisa , Persson Henrik , Simmons Craig A.
Published: May 2024

Biological barriers play key roles in homeostasis, disease physiology and drug delivery, highlighting a need for representative in vitro tools. We discuss advances and challenges in modeling and measuring barrier integrity in organ-on-chip systems.
Bioisostere-conjugated fluorescent probes for live-cell protein imaging without non-specific organelle accumulation
Authors: Kamikawa Takuya , Hashimoto Akari , Yamazaki Nozomi , Adachi Junya , Matsushima Ayami , Kikuchi Kazuya , Hori Yuichiro
Published: May 2024

Probes containing a bioisostere for protein labeling systems using HaloTag and PYP-tag were developed to suppress undesired organelle accumulation and applied for live-cell imaging of GLUT4.
Alkylsilyl-substituted benzodithiophene-based small molecules as promising hole-transport materials for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Sideltsev M. E. , Zhivchikova A. N. , Kuznetsov I. E. , Sagdullina D. K. , Tepliakova M. M. , Piryazev A. A. , Anokhin D. V. , Maksimovich M. S. , Nikitenko N. G. , Ivanov D. A. , Akkuratov A. V.
Published: May 2024

The PSCs with newly designed TB-Si3-3 delivered high power conversion efficiency of 16.8% and good operational stability featuring the great potential of alkylsilyl-substituted small molecules as dopant-free HTMs for perovskite photovoltaic applications.
A rationally designed singlet sink for glassy polymeric photon upconverting films
Authors: Stanciu Sonia T. , Raišys Steponas , Kazlauskas Karolis , Simon Yoan C.
Published: May 2024

We synthesized a singlet sink to enhance upconversion (UC) quantum yield while maintaining a low intensity threshold in glassy polymer blends. This strategy enables higher sensitizer loadings and thus increases the scope of UC.
Embryonic development through in vitro fertilization using high-quality bovine sperm separated in a biomimetic cervix environment
Authors: Byeun Do Gyeung , Kim Dongwon , Park Jin Hee , Lee Manhee , Choi Jung Kyu
Published: May 2024

A sperm sorting chip designed to imitate the cervical environment successfully isolated high-quality sperm, with subsequent in vitro fertilization confirming embryo development.
Forceless spontaneous delamination of high-aspect ratio fluorohectorite into monolayer nanosheets in chloroform
Authors: Imwiset Kamonnart (Jaa) , Dudko Volodymyr , Markus Paul , Papastavrou Georg , Breu Josef , Ogawa Makoto
Published: May 2024

High-aspect ratio fluorohectorite, modified with dioctadecyldimethylammonium, spontaneously delaminated into monolayer nanosheets in chloroform.
Metal–organic framework/Nb4C3Tx MXene composites for ultrasensitive detection of dopamine
Authors: Boruah Purna K. , Sharma Nidhi , Das Manash R. , Ohtani Ryo , Le Ouay Benjamin , Ohba Masaaki
Published: May 2024

Composites with excellent performances for dopamine electrochemical sensing were prepared by in situ synthesis of metal–organic frameworks in presence of exfoliated Nb4C3Tx MXenes.
An extremely electron poor Au(iii) trication bearing acetonitrile ligands
Authors: Barwise Lachlan , Moon Lachlan J. , Dhakal Bibidh , Hogan Conor F. , White Keith F. , Dutton Jason L.
Published: May 2024

Taking advantage of the weak Au(iii)–F bond, fluoride abstraction from a bis-fluorido Au(iii) cation in MeCN furnishes a bis-acetonitrile complex representing the most electron poor Au(iii) coordination complex known.
Uncovering tetrazoles as building blocks for constructing discrete and polymeric assemblies
Authors: Dey Soumya , Aggarwal Medha , Chakraborty Debsena , Mukherjee Partha Sarathi
Published: May 2024

This review introduces tetrazoles as the building blocks. The tetrazole ring offers four nitrogens, thereby assisting in multiple binding sites. The consequence is usually polymeric networks, but meticulous stratagem can form discrete cages as well.
Facile synthesis of a 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid-based charge transfer cocrystal for photoelectric applications
Authors: Yin Pei-Pei , Chen Yu-E , Diao Jia-Wei , Cheng Yi-Yang , Yang Xiao-Gang , Liu Bao-Zhong , Ma Lu-Fang
Published: May 2024

The assembly of 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid donor and 1,10-phenanthroline acceptor afforded a charge transfer cocrystal complex, which was applied in photoelectric detector and phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes.
A high-performance electrocatalyst via graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet-decorated bimetallic phosphide for alkaline water electrolysis
Authors: Kayış Zehra , Akyüz Duygu
Published: May 2024

A schematic representation of the alkaline water electrolysis process established with graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet-decorated bimetallic phosphide electrocatalysts.
Revealing the impact of thermal annealing on the perovskite/organic bulk heterojunction interface in photovoltaic devices
Authors: Chen Peng , Ma Xinyuan , Wang Zhiyu , Yang Nan , Luo Jianwen , Chen Ke , Liu Pengyi , Xie Weiguang , Hu Qin
Published: May 2024

Perovskite/BHJ interface properties were regulated by optimized thermal annealing, leading to accelerated charge transfer, reduced trap density and improved photovoltaic performance.
Changing aromatic properties through stacking: the face-to-face dimer of Ni(ii) bis(pentafluorophenyl)norcorrole
Authors: Wang Qian , Sundholm Dage , Gauss Jürgen , Nottoli Tommaso , Lipparini Filippo , Kino Shota , Ukai Shusaku , Fukui Norihito , Shinokubo Hiroshi
Published: May 2024

The diatropic (red) and paratropic (yellow) current density of the antiaromatic Ni(ii) bis(pentafluorophenyl)norcorrole and of its aromatic face-to-face stacked dimer.
Spiers Memorial Lecture: New directions in molecular scattering
Authors: Schatz George C. , Wodtke Alec M. , Yang Xueming
Published: May 2024

Molecular scattering is reviewed as it pertains to gas–gas as well as gas–surface reaction dynamics. We emphasize the collaboration of experiment and theory, from which new directions of research are being pursued on increasingly complex problems.
Enhancing charge transport in isoindigo-based donor–acceptor copolymers by combining ionic doping with polar alkoxy side chains
Authors: Chuo Sheng , Peng Yun-Ching , Puangniyom Thanapon , Chen Qun-Gao , Chueh Chu-Chen , Lee Wen-Ya
Published: May 2024

Side chains of polymers play a crucial role in manipulating polymer interchain interactions, especially polar side chains that promote strong molecular stacking and facilitate ionic diffusion.
Interface of gallium-based liquid metals: oxide skin, wetting, and applications
Authors: Kim Ji-Hye , Kim Sooyoung , Dickey Michael D. , So Ju-Hee , Koo Hyung-Jun
Published: May 2024

This review presents the interfacial properties and behavior of gallium-based liquid metals (GaLMs) in various environments and application examples based on them.
Mitochondrial-targeted fluorophore: synthesis, property and cells imaging
Authors: Liu Jindao , Kong Lin , Chen Yi
Published: May 2024

PEGylated 2-(2-(6-(dimethylamino)benzooxazol-2-yl)vinyl)quinolin-8-ol (BQ-mPEG) was synthesized, which exhibited strong fluorescence at 610 nm (ϕf = 0.11) and a large Stoke's shift (Δλ = 202 nm) in the aqueous solution.
Design of novel Cu-doped SnS2 on carbon cloth as a binder-free anode to improve high-rate performance of sodium ion battery
Authors: Cheng Tsai-Mu , Lin Kuan-Hsien , Kongvarhodom Chutima , Chen Hung-Ming , Husain Sadang , Yougbaré Sibidou , Lin Lu-Yin
Published: May 2024

Binder-free Cu-doped SnS2@CC electrodes with vertical grown nanosheet arrays are proposed. The highest capacity of 1092.8 mA h g−1 was got at 0.1 A g−1, indicating that doping Cu can improve rate performance of SnS2, but excess Cu doping leads to reduced rate performance with overloaded defects.
Mild and scalable synthesis of a high performance CrFeCoNiRu0.05 high entropy nano-alloy/carbon electrocatalyst for efficient urea production with a chelate-based ionic liquid
Authors: Qingqing Zhang , Li Ruiyi , Li Zaijun , Yongqiang Yang , Xiaohao Liu
Published: May 2024

We firstly reported synthesis of CrFeCoNiRu0.5 high-entropy alloy nanoparticles using an ionic liquid. The CrFeCoNiRu0.5 high-entropy alloy provides exceptionally high electrocatalytic activity for green urea synthesis.
TFA-induced conversion of glycals to 2-deoxy-sugars and their utility in synthesizing 2-deoxy-glycosyl esters
Authors: Tiwari Bindu , Pandey Ram Pratap , Hussain Nazar
Published: May 2024

The conversion of glycals into 2-deoxy sugars is revealed under environmentally friendly reaction conditions at room temperature.
Triazine-based mononuclear copper(ii) cis-dichloro and dibromo complexes as functional biomimetic model systems for phenoxazinone synthase and catecholase activities
Authors: Roy Indrajit , Muley Arabinda , Mathur Shobhit , Verma Anushka , Kumawat Manoj Kumar , Maji Somnath
Published: May 2024

Two new mononuclear Cu(ii) complexes were synthesized and thoroughly characterised. Molecular integrities were determined by SCXRD analysis and their catalytic activities and kinetics for the oxidation of o-aminophenol and catechol were examined.
Structure and dynamics in suspensions of magnetic platelets
Authors: Rosenberg Margaret , Kantorovich Sofia S. , Ivanov Alexey O. , Camp Philip J.
Published: May 2024

This paper explores how the unique shape-defined internal structure of magnetic nanoplatelet suspensions influences their magnetic response.
Fluorescent poly(β-amino ester)s containing aza-BODIPYs as theranostic agents for bioimaging and photodynamic therapy
Authors: Sari Seyma , Ünver Sena , Avsar Timucin , Özçelik Şennur , Kilic Turker , Kahveci Muhammet U.
Published: May 2024

A polymeric photosensitizer, based on biodegradable, biocompatible and water dispersible PBAE, has been developed. The photosensitizer exhibits potential for targeted anticancer activity and imaging, making it effective for photodynamic therapy.
Advances in organocatalytic asymmetric [3 + 3] cycloadditions: synthesis of chiral six-membered (hetero)cyclic compounds
Authors: Zhu Zi-Qi , Li Tian-Zhen , Liu Si-Jia , Shi Feng
Published: May 2024

This review has summarized the development of organocatalytic asymmetric [3 + 3] cycloadditions and given insights into the remaining challenges to promote the future development of this field.
The role of aldehydes on sulfur based-new particle formation: a theoretical study
Authors: Zhang Guohua , Liu Min , Han Yaning , Wang Zhongteng , Liu Wei , Zhang Ying , Xu Jing
Published: May 2024

The acidity of the acid, the nature of nucleophilic agents, the type of aldehyde, proton transferall play significant roles in the nucleation process of aldehyde-sulfur-based particles.
Structure regulation and synchrotron radiation investigation of cathode materials for aqueous Zn-ion batteries
Authors: Wei Shiqiang , Wang Yixiu , Chen Shuangming , Song Li
Published: May 2024

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the structural regulation and synchrotron radiation investigation of cathode materials for aqueous Zn-ion batteries.
Network topology diversification of porous organic salts
Authors: Sei Hiroi , Oka Kouki , Hori Yuta , Shigeta Yasuteru , Tohnai Norimitsu
Published: May 2024

Strong charge-assisted hydrogen bonds and the conformation style of components achieved the proof-of-concept for the formation, diversification, and control of the network topologies and concomitant functions of hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks.
Emerging high voltage V4+/V5+ redox reactions in Na3V2(PO4)3-based cathodes for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhou Meng , Zhou Xunzhu , Li Lin , Chen Xiang , Qiao Zhenan , Chou Shulei
Published: May 2024

In this review, we will focus on NVP-based cathodes which achieve reversible activation of the V4+/V5+ redox couple and improve the energy density of SIBs.
A robust aluminum-octacarboxylate framework with scu topology for selective capture of sulfur dioxide
Authors: Yu Liang , He Meng , Yao Jinze , Xia Qibin , Yang Sihai , Li Jing , Wang Hao
Published: May 2024

A novel 4,8-c scu-type aluminum-based metal–organic framework shows a robust structure, reversible SO2 adsorption with high capacity, and high SO2/N2, SO2/CO2, and SO2/CH4 selectivities.
Photosensitizing metal covalent organic framework with fast charge transfer dynamics for efficient CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Han Wang-Kang , Li Jiayu , Zhu Ruo-Meng , Wei Min , Xia Shu-Kun , Fu Jia-Xing , Zhang Jinfang , Pang Huan , Li Ming-De , Gu Zhi-Guo
Published: May 2024

3D MCOFs with the integration of light-harvesting Ru(ii) and catalytically active Re(i) sites were constructed, showing fast charge transfer dynamics between the photoactive and catalytic centers for boosting CO2 photoreduction.
Toward robust lithium–sulfur batteries via advancing Li2S deposition
Authors: Jiao Xun , Tang Xiaoxia , Li Jinrui , Xiang Yujiao , Li Cunpu , Tong Cheng , Shao Minhua , Wei Zidong
Published: May 2024

The GeS2-MoS2/rGO heterostructure is designed as a sulfur host to facilitate the conversion of polysulfides and advance the deposition of Li2S synergistically by strengthening the hybrid current during cycling.
Progressive MXene-based photocatalytic and electrocatalytic sustainable reduction of CO2 to chemicals: comprehensive review and future directions
Authors: Kabir Latiful , Wijaya Karna , Oh Won-Chun
Published: May 2024

To reverse the impact of CO2, it is necessary not only to curb the dependence on fossil fuels but also develop effective strategies to capture and utilize CO2 in the atmosphere.
Interfacial Co–O–Fe bonding in novel amorphous NiCo-ZIF@MIL-100 as efficient active sites enabling electrocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Yu Tianhao , Gao Peng , Du Hong , Dong Ling
Published: May 2024

The composite NiCo-ZIF@MIL with Co–O–Fe bridge bonds exhibits excellent catalytic activity (η ≈ 139 mV @ 10 mA cm−2).
Hybrid nanoreactors formed by interpolyelectrolyte complex formation: a colloidal platform for light-driven catalysis
Authors: Nabiyan Afshin , Neumann Christof , Turchanin Andrey , Schacher Felix H.
Published: May 2024

Micellar interpolyelectrolyte complexes are introduced as versatile soft matter matrices for light-driven hydrogen evolution catalysis.
Poly(sulfobetaine) versus poly(ethylene glycol) based copolymer modified polyurethane catheters for antifouling
Authors: Cao Haimei , Zhu Tiankuan , Wei Henan , Zhang Shiping
Published: May 2024

Coatings with excellent hemocompatibility and antibacterial properties were constructed on the surface of PU catheters using plasma technology and amide coupling reactions.
Tailoring ferromagnetic resonance properties of cobalt nanowires: effects of shape and magnetocrystalline anisotropies
Authors: Broens Martín I. , Saavedra Eduardo , Pusiol Enzo F. , Bajales Noelia , Escrig Juan
Published: May 2024

Distinct magnetic states arise from shape and magnetocrystalline anisotropies, influencing resonant mode types. Nanowires with flower-type states show edge and fundamental modes, while those with vortex states exhibit azimuthal and gyrotropic modes.
Enhanced quantum properties of shallow diamond atomic defects through nitrogen surface termination
Authors: Malkinson Rotem , Kuntumalla Mohan Kumar , Chemin Arsène , Petit Tristan , Hoffman Alon , Bar-Gill Nir
Published: May 2024

Novel surface termination technique based on nitrogen plasma, achieving significant improvement in NV properties. X-Ray characterization of the terminated surface suggests limited charge transfer between the NV centers and surface electronic states.
Development of degradable networked-organic semiconductors and effects on charge carrier mobility in organic thin-film transistors
Authors: Jin Hyunjung , Kim Kyeongmin , Kim Kyuyeon , Park Sungmin , Shin Eul-Yong , Heo Jae Won , Lee Hyunjoo , Baek Se-Woong , Kim In Soo , Ahn Hyungju , Son Hae Jung
Published: May 2024

Controlling the degradation rates in degradable polymers depends on the type of crosslinker used for transient OTFTs.
Excellent field emission with enhanced photodetection behavior of multiwalled carbon nanotubes: experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Kumar Utkarsh , Verma Arpit , Tripathi Ravi Kant , Yadav B. C. , Haldar Toton , Tyagi V. V. , Dixit C. K. , Huang Wen-Min
Published: May 2024

In this study, we synthesized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using the direct liquid injection chemical vapor deposition (DLICVD) method, the growth temperatures were varied to investigate their unique properties.
Fuzzy functional observer‐based sliding mode control for T‐S fuzzy cyber‐physical systems subject to disturbances and deception attacks
Authors: Zhu Baopeng , Xiong Wei , Li Shihua , Guo Lei , Chen Xisong
Published: May 2024

This paper is concerned with the fuzzy functional observer‐based sliding mode control for T‐S fuzzy cyber‐physical systems subject to disturbances and deception attacks. First, the deception attack is modeled by an exogenous system with state dependent nonlinearity. Second, a fuzzy learning functional observer with fuzzy logic systems learning unknown nonlinear function, whose parameters can be directly found, is designed to estimate the partly unavailable states, deception attacks and lumped disturbances simultaneously. Then, a fuzzy sliding mode control is designed to compensate the effect of deception attack and reject the disturbances. Furthermore, some sufficient conditions are given to guarantee that the closed‐loop fuzzy system is exponential convergent. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the validity of the proposed method.
New resonant composite magnetic‐field probes with high detection sensitivity and electric‐field suppression ratio
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Hongyue , Luo Chengyang , Chen Yiqiang
Published: May 2024

This work proposes two differential magnetic‐field resonant probes, consisting of a U‐shaped single‐loop resonant probe (S_probe) and a dual‐loops resonant probe (D_probe). These resonant probes are composed of a pair of LC resonant circuits, a pair of strip‐lines with two outputs, two rows of via fences, and two different sensing structures (single‐loop and dual‐loops). Among them, a pair of open stubs as capacitor and shorted stubs as inductor is used to form the LC resonant circuit, via fences are utilized to suppress unwanted electromagnetic wave modes, a U‐shaped single‐loop and a pair of differential dual‐loops is used to receive the electromagnetic signal. In order to prove the rationality of the design, simulation models of the S_probe and D_probe are optimized and manufactured based on four‐layers PCBs. In addition, a near‐field scanning system with a standard 50 Ω straight microstrip line as calibration kit is used to measure and calibrate these resonant probes. The tested results indicate that these designed magnetic‐field probes could operate at 1.575 GHz and have high detection sensitivity and electric‐field suppression.
Investigation into active‐gate‐driving performance and potential closed‐loop controller implementations for silicon carbide MOSFET modules
Authors: Şahin İlker , Parker Mason , Mathieson Ross , Finney Stephen , Judge Paul D.
Published: May 2024

Active gate driving (AGD) is a promising concept for achieving high‐performance power transistor switching. This is particularly crucial for Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFETs since their inherently fast switching characteristics give rise to severe overshoots and oscillations which translate into increased levels of electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions. In this paper, an AGD strategy using a single‐pulse applied during the switching transient is considered for a 1200 V 400 A SiC MOSFET module. The effect of single‐pulse timing, load current, and temperature on the switching performance is analyzed in detail. The radiated EMI reduction benefits are quantified by H‐field and E‐field probes. A conceptual closed‐loop AGD approach is presented and compared to open‐loop operation. For the transistor turn‐off case under full load current of 400 A, experimental results show that it is possible to reduce voltage overshoot by 43.3%, voltage and current oscillations by 69.7% and 52.2% respectively, and EMI by 76.6%, with a trade‐off in the switching energy by a relatively minor increase of 18.2%, compared to the conventional gate driving case. For the turn‐on case, current overshoot was reduced by 32.7%, EMI by 52%, voltage and current oscillations by 54.6% and 52.8%, respectively, with a penalty of 50.9% increase in the switching loss.
Food Security Analysis of Farmer Households in Subwatershed Keduang, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Setyarini Agung , Marwanti Sri , Sutrisno Joko , Rahayu Endang Siti
Published: May 2024

Food security is the individual ability to access sufficient food physically and economically, safe, and nutritious. Limited fulfillment of food in farmer households is determined by restricted physical access, economical, and another social factor. The geographical conditions of Wonogiri Regency which is dominated by dry land, climate change, and high input prices for agricultural production facilities certainly affect the food security of farmer households. This study aims to determine the proportion of food expenditure; analyze the energy consumption level; and analyze the degree of farmers household’s food security in the subwatershed Keduang, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java. This research was conducted in Sidoharjo, Jatipurno, and Jatisrono sub-district with a purposive sampling method. Data analysis was performed using the farmer household’s income and expenditure method, energy and protein consumption, and cross indicators between the food expenditure and energy consumption adequacy. The results show that the farmer households food expenditure was IDR 1 571 956 or 61.11 % from the share of total expenditure; energy consumption level of 80.34 % is moderate; the degree of household food security of farmer households shows that 44.44 % are food resistance, 3.33 % are food vulnerable, and 52.22 % are lack of food.
Callus Formation and Its Characteristics of Mountain Papaya in Vitro Endosperm Culture
Authors: Dewanto Hamami Alfasani , Abdullah Takiyan , Shofiyani Anis , Hadjoeningtijas Oetami Dwi , Pribadi Teguh , Massadeh Muhannad Illayan
Published: May 2024

Endosperm as a result of double fertilization in Angiospermae shows high level chromosomes and polyploidy. It is also considered as dead tissue that is unable to be generated to form plantlet. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of kinetin and 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.4-D) in induction of callus formation of mountain papaya. This research used factorial randomized block design with eighteen groups, one fruit was used for one experimental group. Culture using Murashige and Skog (MS) media with combination of three level of kinetin [(0, 1, 3) mg L-1] and six level of [2.4-D (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) mg L-1]. Concentration of 2 mg L-1 2.4-D was the best treatment in stimulating callus growth by producing the highest percentage of callus, 24.44 %. The combination of 1 mg L-1 kinetin and 3 mg L-1 2.4-D was the best treatment in accelerating callus induction of the endosperm was 19.84 d after planting. In this study shows that induction callus of endosperm of mountain papaya could be stimulates by kinetin and 2.4-D.
Analysis of Soybean Production Trends in Indonesia
Authors: Baroh Istis , Windiana Livia , Shodiq Wahid Muhammad , Khan Waris Ali
Published: May 2024

Climate change since 2012 has had a real influence on the uncertainty of soybean production which has resulted in fluctuating soybean production in Indonesia. The study purposed to: (i) analyze the fluctuation of soybean production before and during climate change, (ii) analyzing the factors that affect soybean production fluctuations covering land area (X1), soybean prices (X2), consumption (X3). The type of data used is secondary data, a time series data of soybean production in 1994 to 2019. The data was obtained from the Central Statistics Agency. The analytical method used is trend analysis to analyze production fluctuations. Multiple linear regression analysis to analyze the factors that influence production fluctuations. The results showed that before climate change production trends decrease, during climate change production trends increase slightly. Factors that influence soybean production are land area (positive influence on fluctuations in soybean production by α 5 % means an increase in land area results in an increase in production), price has positive effect on soybean production fluctuations with α 5 % means an increase in price motivates farmers to produce, and consumption has positive effect on soybean production fluctuations with α 5 % means an increase in consumption motivates farmers to produce.