bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IJCM_117A: A study to assess the effectiveness of a health educational program on knowledge regarding prevention of Cervical Cancer among young adult female students of Bhopal.
Authors: Patne Shailendra Kumar , Pilkhwal Rashmi , Rathore Anshita
Published: April 2024

Background:

Cervical Cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women & causes significant morbidity and mortality. Every year in India, 122844 women are diagnosed with Cervical Cancer & 67447 die from the disease. Vaccinations to prevent HPV infection have been developed. Awareness regarding Cervical Cancer being a Vaccine Preventable Disease among young adult females is low.

Objectives:

To determine the awareness of young adult female students regarding Cervical Cancer, its risk factors, screening method & prevention. To assess the construct connection between old and new knowledge by pre & post-test scores. To recommend a health awareness program regarding Cervical Cancer.

Methodology:

Cross-sectional study of young adult female college students from Commerce, Science and Medical discipline in the city of Bhopal, Sample Size - 387 using Cochran’s formula. A pre-validated, pre-tested, close-ended multiple-choice questionnaire on Socio-Demographic information, Domain I i.e. awareness regarding Cervical Cancer including risk factors and symptoms, Domain II i.e. screening & diagnostic and Domain III i.e. vaccination for Cervical Cancer was filled in digital mode before and after the lecture demonstration.

Results:

The effectiveness of the educational program on most of the components of domain I was found positive but statistically non-significant. In domain II after demonstration, the chi-square test of knowledge on screening technique and diagnostic Pap smear method were found statistically significant and in domain III the chi-square test of knowledge on vaccine for Cervical Cancer was found statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Prevention and screening measures in young adult female college students were found low and nearly half of the study participants are willing to adopt vaccination and screening program. Teachers can be the best resource persons in dissemination of knowledge in schools and colleges.
IJCM_119A: A comparative cross-sectional study of dietary and physical activity pattern in a rural area of Karnataka
Authors: Shenoy Preetham M , Kumar Nanjesh S
Published: April 2024

Background:

In a country of 1.3 billion people with cultural and lifestyle diversities, several previous attempts have been made to compile the burden of cardiovascular diseases. 3.2 million people die each year due to physical inactivity. Traditionally, studies of diet and CVD risk have focused on individual foods and macronutrients. Yet, food is typically consumed in combination and not in isolation.

Objective:

To compare the dietary pattern and physical activity among 2 different age groups of people in a village of coastal Karnataka.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study conducted in a rural area of coastal Karnataka with sample size of 320 (160 each from 20–30 years & 50–60 years group). The dietary pattern involving daily intake of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and total calories was assessed using the 7-day dietary cycle. Physical activity pattern was assessed using IPAQ study tool. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS; parametric and non-parametric tests were done. p<0.05 was taken as statistically significant.

Results:

20 - 30 years age group had a consumption pattern of daily carbohydrates, proteins and fat intake of 24.11 g%, 10.89 g% & 20.41 g% as compared to 32.96 g%, 13 g% and 29.44 g% respectively in the 50 - 60 years age group. Total calorie intake, daily carbohydrate, protein and fat intake was significantly more in the 20-30 years age group as compared to 50-60 years age group. Gram-percentage consumption of carbohydrates, proteins and fats as part of total calories was significantly lesser as compared to 50-60 years age group. 50.6% of the 20-30 years & 13.8% of the 50-60 years age group were physically inactive.

Conclusion:

The study population followed an unbalanced diet with addition of trans fat and added sugars. Majority were physically inactive and the daily work load has decreased considerably with people spending most of their leisure time by sitting.
IJCM_121A: Assessment of risk of foot ulcer in patients with diabetes according to the risk classification consensus of International Working Group on Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) in Ernakulam District, Kerala; a community based cross sectional study
Authors: George Kelita , George Sobha
Published: April 2024

Background:

The International Diabetes Federation states that India accounts for 1 in 7 of all adults living with diabetes worldwide. Diabetic foot disease is among the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus as it is a source of major suffering and financial burden for the patient, healthcare professionals and the society in general. The leading cause of lower-limb amputations is diabetes and 40%–85% of these are preventable

Objective:

Assessment of diabetic foot ulcer risk factors according to International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) consensus.

Methodology:

A community based cross-sectional study was done in Ernakulam district involving 600 individuals with diabetes mellitus. The study gathered information on sociodemographic factors, anthropometric details and a detailed foot examination was performed with a IWGDF checklist. The collected data were entered into MS Excel, and the analysis was carried out using SPSS 21.0.

Results:

Mean age of patients in the study was 61.48 yrs±10.24 years.371 patients (61.83%) were females and 229(38.17%) were males.108 patients (18%) had disturbed sense of vibration (128 Hz). 90 patients (15%) had decreased sensitivity to 10-gram monofilaments. Peripheral arterial disease was present in 47 patients (7.83). 20 patients (3.33%) had history of previous ulcer. 11(1.83%) patients had lower extremity amputation. Patients were classified into four risk groups according to IWGDF criteria. Four hundred and fifty-five patients (75.83%) were in group 0, fifty-five patients (9.1%) in group 1, sixty-six patients (11%) in group 2 and twenty-four patients (4%) in group 3 of IWGDF criteria

Conclusion:

Routine foot examination in patients with diabetes as per IWGDF guidelines for each risk category will help in prevention of diabetic foot ulcers.
IJCM_122A: Factors affecting physical inactivity among youth
Authors: Mishra Nikhil Kumar , Jayabalan Meenakshi , Poddar Palak Manoj , Gautham MS , Pradeep BS , Arvind BA
Published: April 2024

Background:

Non-communicable diseases pose significant public health problem, and prevention efforts are mainly aimed at addressing their risk factors. Unhealthy lifestyle including physical inactivity gets initiated early in life. Hence identifying the factors associated with physical inactivity among youth is essential for developing targeted interventions.

Objectives:

To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with physical inactivity among youth in Kolar district, Karnataka.

Methodology:

The present study is a secondary data analysis of a cross- sectional study undertaken in the Kolar district of Karnataka. Information on various risk factors was collected as part of the Kolar Youth Health Survey. Physical inactivity is defined as any those achieving less than 600 MET minutes of physical activity in the previous week and was assessed using WHO tool GPAQ. Univariate and multivariate logistics regression analysis was undertaken to identify the factors associated with physical inactivity.

Results:

In Kolar, 82.7% of youth had less than recommended level of physical activity (<600 MET minutes per week). Residing in urban area, being female increased the risk of physical inactivity. Individuals involved in occupations like cultivators, agricultural labourer’s and skilled workers had lower risk of physical inactivity. Students too had lower risk. Youth engaged in community volunteering activities had lower risk of physical inactivity. Some of the risk factors or risk conditions like smokeless tobacco use, gambling, anxiety, history of road traffic injury and unintentional injury lowered the risk of physical inactivity.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of physical inactivity is high among youth in the Kolar district. Some of the sociodemographic factors pertaining to youth increases the risk of physical inactivity and these information needs to be utilized for implementing targeted interventions. However, the association between smokeless tobacco use, gambling, anxiety and injury with physical inactivity needs further exploration.
IJCM_124A: A cross sectional study to assess the prevalence, pattern and predictors of complementary and alternative medicine use among non – communicable disease patients in the urban field practise area of a Government Medical College, Bengaluru
Authors: Krishnan Sini R , Thangaraj Selvi , Ranganath T S
Published: April 2024

Background:

In the current century, a significant challenge is addressing the escalating global burden of Non-Communicable Diseases. Integrating Alternative and Complementary Medicine into the existing healthcare system is a major initiative to combat this issue. Despite increased access to free healthcare facilities, heightened disease awareness, and widespread exposure through electronic and print media, the popularity of unprescribed alternative medicine persists in India.

Objectives:

To assess the Prevalence, Patterns, and Predictors of Complementary and Alternative Medicine use among non-communicable disease patients in the urban field practice area of Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study conducted among non-communicable disease patients residing in the urban field practice area of Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru. A sample size of 250 was determined based on a pilot study and systematic random sampling used for participant recruitment. Data collection utilized a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Data analysed using SPSS 21.0

Results:

Among the 250 participants, 55 (22%) used both Allopathic and Alternative medicines, only 11 (20%) exclusively relying on Alternative systems. Ayurveda was the most utilized alternative medicine 15(27.2%), followed by Sidda 8(14.5%). Statistically significant associations were observed between the usage of Alternative medicine and patients’ religion and education.

Conclusion:

A relatively small percentage of adults exclusively used Alternative systems of medicine in this study. Ayurveda emerged as the predominant alternative medicine, followed by Sidda. The prevalence of alternative medicine was higher among Hindus and participants with education below the primary level. These findings shed light on the complex dynamics of healthcare.
IJCM_126A: Sources of health information among residents of Mangaluru, Karnataka
Authors: Mohanan Ashish , Mithra Prasanna , Rekha T , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Kumar Nithin , Rao Mithun , Sanketh S , Prasad Vikhyath D , Jayalaxmi K R
Published: April 2024

Background:

By knowing the various sources of health information accessed by the people, it helps different organizations in better targeted delivery for health information.

Methodology:

A cross sectional study was conducted among college going students from non-medical streams and adult in-patients seeking health care in the study hospitals using a semi- structured self-validated questionnaire.

Results:

The demographic details of the student study population consisted of 64.1% females and 35.9% males and that of adult population consisted of 20% females and 80% males. 36% of the adult population had finished high school education while on the other hand students were either graduates (72.8%) or postgraduates (27.2%). Among 41.2% students sought health information to know about the new health issues whereas 66.7% adult population sought health information for their general well-being. Internet is the major source of health information amongst the student population (55.6%) while 58.8% adult population sought health information from television. 9.8% adult population used journals to seek health information. 22.6% of students sought health information when they were ill on the other hand it was 5.9% among the adult population. In the Internet, 55% students accessed health information through social network and various search engines and 83.3% adult population accessed search engines. Family physician was the most trusted source of health information among both students(54%) and adult population(76.5%).

Conclusion:

Among the participants, most of the active seekers were students whose main source of health information was from the internet. Majority of the participants said family Physicians are the most trusted source of health- related information.
IJCM_127A: A comparative study of knowledge and perception among school going adolescents regarding various food habits and prevalence of overweight and obesity in government and private schools in Mangalore
Authors: Jain Rishabh , Rajesh Major SM , Renganathan Gayathri
Published: April 2024

Background:

Adolescence, 10-19 years is a vulnerable age where eating behaviours are inculcated. Adult health and size are determined by the adolescents dietary habits. The poor health & diet choices by adolescents is a result of lack of knowledge about Glycemic Index, Trans Fats, etc. Thus, educating them at this mouldable age is important.

Objectives:

1) To study the knowledge and its retention among adolescents of 8th-12th standard after interactive education about food habits and lifestyle changes. 2) To identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity among high school students in various private and government schools.

Methodology:

An intervention study was conducted in 441 adolescents of 8th- 12th standard in government and private schools. In first interaction BMI and questionnaire on awareness, perception and practise on diet was filled by participants and educational material on same was shared and their knowledge retention was assessed after 2 months and the results were compared between government and private schools.

Results:

In terms of age, the majority of subjects fall into the 14-year-old category (37.3%), and 15-year-old (33.2%). In terms of class, the largest proportion is in 9th and 10th class (36.4%). Gender distribution shows majority of females (57.5%). Father’s educational status reveals a significant percentage of graduates (48.4%), while mothers have a high school education (59.3%). Majority follow a non-vegetarian diet (64.3%) and reside in urban areas (54.8%). Lastly, the distribution of BMI categories indicates that a significant portion falls within the normal range (48.2%), with rest as overweight (30.2%), obese (20.7%), and underweight (0.9%). Mean scores of pre and post intervention were compared and statistically significant difference (p=<0.001) was noted.

Conclusion:

Adolescents are at higher risk of overweight and obesity. Nutritional education reinforcement in this period has significant impact on reduction of Non-Communicable Diseases. Knowledge intervention in this study had similar result.
IJCM_128A: Understanding the Breast Cancer Knowledge, Screening practises and Needs among the women in rural South India: A Community-based mixed method study.
Authors: Vinothkumar G , Saravanan V , Dorthy V
Published: April 2024

Background:

Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cancer in India among women accounting for 13.5% of all cancer cases. One of the leading causes of high breast cancer deaths is poor awareness about risk factors, symptoms and screening leading to the late presentation at an advanced stage.

Objectives:

1. To understand the knowledge of breast cancer symptoms and risk factors, perceptions and practises of breast cancer screening. 2. To do a need assessment of the people in the community regarding screening of breast cancer.

Methodology:

A community-based mixed method study was conducted at Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu and primary data was collected from 401 women aged 18-60 years. Structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data to assess the knowledge of breast cancer. The need assessment on screening was done by Focus group discussions (FGD). Mean, median, proportions and chi-square test were used to analyse quantitative data and thematic content analysis for qualitative data.

Results:

The study found that 71.3% of the women were aware of breast cancer. The women who were aware of breast cancer considered lump in breast (78.3%), pain in one breast (66%) as the common symptoms. Women who were aware of breast cancer reported early menarche (16.8%), late menopause (15.4%), nulliparity (20%) and family history of cancer (49%) as the risk factors of breast cancer. 65% of the women were aware of at least one of the methods of breast cancer screening. More awareness programs, organising screening camps in the village, reducing the cost of screening tests were some of the needs addressed during the FGD.

Conclusion:

Knowledge of symptoms, risk factors and screening practises of breast cancer were low which necessitates the enhancement of knowledge on breast cancer to reduce the burden in the community.
IJCM_13A: Effect of video based educational intervention in Gestational diabetic mothers on breast feeding self efficacy: a Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Mallya Shreya Y , Rao Suchetha S
Published: April 2024

Background:

Women with Gestational diabetes mellitus face a lot of challenges when it comes to breast feeding. Breast feeding self efficacy is an important factor for improving breast feeding outcomes.

Objectives:

To know the effect of educational intervention on breast feeding efficacy in immediate postpartum period among women with gestational diabetic mellitus using breast feeding self-efficacy scale short form (BSES-SF).

Methodology:

A randomized control trial was conducted between May 2022 to August 2023 in a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore. Ethics committee approval was obtained. Clinical trial registry was done (CTRI/2023/03/051176). 108 women with Gestational diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this study. Study participants were divided into control and intervention group. Intervention group were shown an informative video on breast feeding practices and techniques while both the groups were educated using flipcharts on essential newborn care. Breast feeding efficacy was scored in both the groups at admission, after intervention within 48 hours puerperium using breast feeding self-efficacy scale short form (BSES-SF) and results were analyzed.

Results:

The mean age group of the study was 30.15 ± 5.12. The demographic details in both the groups were comparable. The mean BSES-SF scores were 45.13 pre-intervention vs 55.15 post-intervention in the intervention group (p = <0.001) while mean BSES-SF scores were 44.60 pre-intervention vs 47.53 post-intervention in control group (p = <0.001).

Conclusion:

Video based educational intervention had a positive impact on breast feeding efficacy in women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
IJCM_130A: Self-care practices and its determinants among type 2 diabetics- A cross sectional study
Authors: Sathiabalan M , Saranya R
Published: April 2024

Background:

Self-care practices that include self-monitoring of blood sugar level, diet management, physical exercise, adherence to medications, and foot care are the cornerstones of diabetes management.

Objective:

To assess the self-care practices and factors associated with it among type 2 diabetics

Methodology:

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the 150 known diabetics in a urban PHC between July 2023 and September 2023. Self-care practices among the registered diabetes patients were described in seven domains as recommended by the American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE). Risk factors were identified using univariate, followed by multivariate logistic regression. The risk for poor self-care score was expressed in odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI)

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 57 years (SD: 9.5 years). The self-care was prominent in diet modification, physical activity, and physical activity components. The median self-care score of the participants was 14 (IQR = 12.5 to 15.5). Out of 150 diabetic patients studied, about 48 (32%) participants have good self-care scores, 96 (64%) participants have moderate self-care scores and only 6 (4%) participants have poor self- care scores.

Conclusion:

Our study emphasized on the need for knowledge and awareness to be provided in urban areas regarding diabetes care management and self- care practices. Structured programs need to be planned to improve the attitude and practices of diabetic patients to promote better compliance towards diet, exercise, adherence to drugs, and appropriate foot care.
IJCM_131A: Assessment of health related quality of life among type 2 Diabetics patients - A cross sectional study
Authors: Amrita NS
Published: April 2024

Background:

The impact of diabetes on a patient can be measured by traditional methods, like biochemical, morbidity and mortality although attention has recently been given to measuring health-related quality of life (HRQOL). HRQOL is important to assess the impact of the disease from the patient’s perspective. Hence, HRQOL can be defined as the subjective assessment of the impact of disease and its treatment across the physical, psychological and social domains of functioning and well-being.

Objectives:

1. To assess the Health - related quality of life of patients with type- II diabetics.2. To study the associated factors affecting the quality of life of diabetic patients.

Methodology:

A cross sectional study was conducted in the rural field practice area of Sapthagiri Institute of medical sciences and research centre. Data was collected using a predesigned, pre-validated questionnaire. Data was collected by conducting house to house survey. Informed consent was taken. Data collected was entered in MS excel and analysis was done using SPSS. Frequency and percentages was used for categorized variables. Mean and standard deviation was used for continuous data.

Results:

A total of 100 diabetics were surveyed. Among them 56 were females and remaining were males. Overall patients with Type II diabetes have a negative impact on their quality of life with or without complications. It also shows that diabetes affects various domains such as physical functioning, emotional well-being, social functioning, economical status, and general health in a patient’s life, thereby affecting the QoL.

Conclusion:

It is recommended for patients to have an adequate and strict glycemic control enabling them to maintain their quality of life, preventing disease progression and diabetic complications.
IJCM_132A: The impact of eating habits on BMI: a cross-sectional study among college students in Kerala
Authors: Anvar Rithima
Published: April 2024

Background:

Major nutritional issues in today’s world are overweight and underweight which is greatly influenced by lifestyle choices and eating habits. Healthy eating and lifestyle habits are shaped during the adolescent period and become permanent, so adolescence is a crucial period for establishing long-term habits. This study aims to explore the correlation between college students’ eating habits and their Body Mass Index (BMI).

Objectives:

1. To evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among college students in Kerala. 2. To determine the association between the effects of eating habits and lifestyle factors on BMI.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among college students belonging to different professional colleges in Kerala from February 2023 to August 2023. A random sampling technique was used to select colleges in Kerala. A total of 502 students participated in the study. Study variables included sociodemographic data, BMI and eating habits assessed through a structured questionnaire. Participants who didn’t give consent were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS v22.

Results:

The total number of students who participated in the study was 502 including 157 males and 345 females. Most of the students were belonging to the age group of 20-23 years. Female students formed the majority of study subjects (68.72%). According to the Asia Pacific BMI classification, 20.3 were found to be obese. Among the students, obesity was found more commonly among male students (30.6%) compared to female students (15.7%). Obese students were found to eat more under stress (51%) compared to students with normal BMI (30.3%) and it was found to be statistically significant (p

Conclusion:

The study showed that changing lifestyle patterns such as eating fatty foods and fried foods and eating under stress were found to have a direct impact on BMI.
IJCM_133A: E- Health Literacy and Satisfaction regarding Medical Care among Patients attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mangalore
Authors: Aggarwal Apoorva , Bhasin Sanjana , Maheshwari Prerak , Sirivella Anjana Manogna Bhaskar , Kalra Disha , Kumar Nithin , Rekha T , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Holla Ramesh
Published: April 2024

Background:

Health literacy is crucial for understanding health information and making informed decisions. It encompasses the ability to obtain, process, and understand basic health information. Factors like education, income, and age influence health literacy, impacting health outcomes negatively when low. E Health literacy extends to navigating electronic health resources. Patient-doctor communication suffers when doctors overestimate patient literacy. Poor health literacy leads to misunderstandings, medication errors, and poorer health outcomes. In today’s healthcare landscape, patient satisfaction is key. Understanding the link between eHealth literacy, communication, compliance, and satisfaction is vital. The study aims to evaluate patients’ e-health literacy levels, evaluate the degree of patient satisfaction with healthcare services, to ascertain the relationship between patient satisfaction and eHealth literacy.

Methodology:

The study involved 234 patients who visited the hospitals affiliated to Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. eHealth literacy was assessed using eHEALS, patient satisfaction was assessed using Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (PSQ-18). The correlation between eHealth literacy scores and patient satisfaction scores was tested using Pearson correlation coefficient where P is less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant correlation.

Results:

Preliminary findings suggest that majority of the participants found the Internet to be useful in making decisions about health. The results of our study show that 65% of our participants have good eHealth literacy and 27.8% have moderate literacy. The comparison of patient satisfaction based on eHealth literacy showed that there was no significant difference in patient satisfaction between participants who had good literacy or poor literacy.

Conclusion:

Both eHealth Literacy and Patient Satisfaction among our study participants were good, however there was no correlation found between eHealth Literacy and Patient Satisfaction.
IJCM_134A: Community Engagement Strategies for Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases in Primary Healthcare Settings: A review of evidences from Low- and Middle-income countries
Authors: Banerjee Sitikantha , Kumar Dinesh , Kumar Nitesh , Choudhary Neha , Bandyopadhyay Kajari
Published: April 2024

Background:

Community engagement is considered as one of the pillars in successful implementation program for prevention and control of Non- Communicable Diseases (NCDs).

Objective:

To gather evidence from the available literature concerning effective strategies for enhancing community engagement in primary healthcare for NCD prevention, which are appropriate for resource constraint settings in low- and middle-income countries.

Methodology:

This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA- ScR) guidelines. Original articles and reports published from January 2000 to September 2023, in English language; with the following designs- Randomized controlled trials with single or multiple arms, quasi- experimental studies, public health practices and qualitative studies, available online were included in this review. Digital databases like PubMed and Google scholar were searched to find out articles, using a pre-designed peer- reviewed search strategy by combining established search terms and free text terms. Further, hand search was made by going through the references of the retrieved articles. All publications were independently evaluated by two reviewers. Information extracted from the published articles were recorded using a pre-designed data extraction sheet in Microsoft excel.

Results:

Key interventions emerged from the review included group-based peer support program; family level intervention; setting based approach (Health Promoting school /institution /market /hospital); advocacy, network and counselling among People Living with NCDs etc. Evidence also suggested use of appropriate technology such as CPHC-NCD Software, generation of Ayushman Bharat-Health Account IDs (ABHA IDs) through National NCD Portal, maintenance of NCD data record and register in digital formats on National NCD Portal and spreading community dialog using mass media, digital media and social media.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study will guide the development and implementation of evidence-based interventions for prevention of NCDs using primary healthcare platform suitable for resource limited settings.
IJCM_137A: A cross-sectional study to find out prevalence of alcohol, smoking and other substance abuse among adolescent in Raipur city, Chhattisgarh
Authors: Jaiswal Prashant Kumar , Verma Nirmal
Published: April 2024

Background:

The use of various psychoactive substances such as alcohol, cannabis and opioids has been observed in India for centuries, the current dimension of the extent and pattern of psychoactive substance use and the problems associated with their use are not well-documented. Substance use estimates from 2004 indicate that tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs account for 8.7%, 3.8% and 0.4% of all deaths respectively, and 3.7%, 4.5% and 0.9% of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) lost respectively. National-level prevalence has been calculated for many substances of abuse, but regional variations are quite evident. Rapid assessment surveys have facilitated the understanding of changing patterns of use. Substance use among women and children are increasing cause of concern.

Objective:

To find out the prevalence of substance use among adolescentsat Raipur City C.G.

Methodology:

Study design: Community-based cross-sectional observational study. Study centre: Department of Community Medicine, Pt. JNM Medical College, Raipur Study area: Raipur city Study technique: Interview method Sample size: 300

Results:

In the present study among 664 adolescents, 301 (45.3%) have a lifetime history of any type of substance abuse other than their medicinal use. The majority 53.5% and 26.8% belong to class II & III socioeconomic status as per the revised modified Prasad classification 2023. 39.5%, 17.6% and 5.7% of adolescents have a lifetime exposure to any form of Tobacco, alcohol & cannabis abuse respectively.

Conclusion:

In the present study, the prevalence of substance abuse is very high among adolescents and we found that 39.5% of adolescents are exposed to tobacco products while the Global Youth Tobacco Survey-4 (2019) estimates it was 18.1%.
IJCM_141A: Determinants of Awareness on Pictorial Health Warnings on Tobacco Products in the Eastern State of India
Authors: Rao Rajath , Naik Bijaya Nanda , Patil Shreyas , Yankannavar Basavaraj
Published: April 2024

Background:

Pictorial health warnings (PHWs) are an effective strategy to deter or reduce tobacco use.

Objective:

This study was conducted to determine the level of awareness of PHWs on tobacco products and their correlates among adults attending the outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary care facility in Eastern India

Methodology:

This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 3 months among 307 patients aged 18 to 65. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used for the collection of data, and inferential statistics were performed using JAMOVI version 2.3.21.

Results:

About 84% (95% CI, 78.9 - 87.2) of the participants were aware of PHW on tobacco products [82.4% (95% CI, 77.8 - 86.3)] for smoked forms, 51.8% (95% CI, 46.2 - 57.3) for smokeless forms. More than half of the participants felt that the current PHW was ineffective. Male [AOR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.33 - 7.37], being educated [AOR, 3.37; 95% CI, 1.29 - 8.76], employment [AOR, 5.65; 95% CI, 1.21 - 26.30] and ever-tobacco use [AOR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.43 - 7.2] were found to be independent correlates of PHW awareness for smoked tobacco products, whereas as being male [AOR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.02 - 3.95] and being young (18-30 years) [AOR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.08 - 5.84] were found to be the independent predictors of PHW awareness for smokeless tobacco products (SLT).

Conclusion:

Four out of every five individuals were aware of pictorial health warnings (PHW) on tobacco products; however, it was much less for SLT compared to smoked tobacco products. Male, being educated, employment and ever-tobacco use were independent correlates of awareness for the smoked form of tobacco products, whereas being young (18-30 years) was an independent predictor of awareness for SLT.
IJCM_143A: Dietary changes during pregnancy: exploring the influencing factors as perceived by antenatal women and health care providers - a mixed methods study from a rural area in Dakshina Kannada district.
Authors: Vineetha S , Naik Poonam R , Navya N
Published: April 2024

Background:

Maternal nutrition impacts maternal-child health. Antenatal diet affects well-being and anaemia-related maternal mortality.

Objectives:

The objectives are to assess the dietary changes made by antenatal women, its association with socio demographic and clinical variables and to explore the factors influencing the dietary changes as perceived by the antenatal women and health care providers (Medical officer, ANMs and ASHA)

Methodology:

A mixed method study was conducted. The study involved interviewing antenatal women registered between October2020 to October 2021 in Kurnad PHC area and those who have completed their second trimester and in-depth interview of antenatal women and the health care providers (Medical officer, ANMs and ASHA) of Kurnad PHC in 2021 and two quarters of 2022.

Results:

Most participants were aged 26-30 (43.1%), mean age 27.41±4.838 years. 47.3% had high school education, 75.5% were unemployed, and 17.8% were self-employed. 77% were below the poverty line, 55.4% belonged to joint families, and 39.3% to nuclear families. 42% lived with husband’s family, 22% with maternal family. Co-morbidities were in 36%, anaemia in 87%, gestational diabetes in 51.85%, pregnancy-induced hypertension in 42.95%. Reasons were health improvement, healthy child, co-morbidities, and gastritis. Statistical significance existed between pregnancy dietary changes and socio- demographics, clinical variables. Factors influencing changes were health promotion, advice from family and providers, co-morbidity management, cravings, affordability, community-based services.

Conclusion:

Dietary changes were seen in more than half of the antenatal women. Behaviour change communication strategies and adequate support for decision making and availing nutritious food will facilitate appropriate dietary changes during pregnancy.
IJCM_145A: A Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Patients with Thyroid Disorders Admitted to Tertiary Care Hospitals in Mangalore
Authors: Manasa S , Sharma Shivam , Aishwarya Mallika , Soni Rishika , Sreedevi Swastika Aggarwal S R , Holla Ramesh , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Rekha T , Mithra Prasanna , Kumar Nithin , Motappa Rohith , Rao Mithun
Published: April 2024

Background:

Thyroid ailments are frequently encountered endocrine disorders next to diabetes. They arise either due to functional aberrations of the thyroid gland resulting in over or under secretion of thyroid hormone or due to structural anomalies. People have varied constitutional, non-specific manifestations that cause abnormal metabolic functioning of the thyroid gland.

Objectives:

1. To describe the socio-demographic characteristics of patients with thyroid disorders. 2. To analyze the clinical features, laboratory findings, and clinical outcomes of these patients.

Methodology:

This hospital-based descriptive study was conducted at the Government Wenlock Hospital in Mangalore. The study included patients admitted with thyroid disorders in the last 2 years. Data extraction sheet was developed from patient medical records. The sheet comprised three sections: socio-demographic information, clinical features at admission, and investigations and outcomes.

Results:

Most of the patients (52.8%) belonged to the 20-40 age group, followed by 30.5% in the 40-60 age group. Females comprised 81.5% of the study population, males -18.5%. 74.8% had swelling, 3.2% had facial puffiness. 1.8% had weight gain, only 1.2% had weight loss .16.3% had other comorbid conditions. 31.5% had low TSH levels 49.3% had normal TSH levels, 64.5 % - normal T3 levels, 63.2% - normal T4 levels. Anaemia was reported in 15.2% o, while 7.2% developed oedema. 34.2% had multinodular goitre, 20.2% - hypothyroidism 9.5 % - hyperthyroidism and 11.1% - malignancy. Out of the total 97% recovered 1% died 1% had discharge against medical advice and 1 % got discharged on request.

Conclusion:

Majority were females in the 20-40 age group. Majority of them had swelling followed by facial puffiness. Most of them had normal TSH, T3 and T4 levels, anaemia and oedema was also reported in few. Majority had multinodular goitre followed by hypothyroidism, malignancy, and hyperthyroidism. Majority had recovered.
IJCM_147A: Awareness and Practices related to the use of e-books among medical college students in Mangalore
Authors: Kamath Krithika , Mithra Prasanna , Rekha T , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Holla Ramesh , Puthumana Rebecca , Shetty Shauri Vishwanath , Rai Uddyeshy Kumar
Published: April 2024

Background:

Reading is a vital aspect of the learning process for students and should be encouraged. Any effort or innovation that improves the motivation of students to read is worth sustaining. The materials often used are textbooks and reference materials. This study aimed to assess the readership and preference for e-books and print books across contexts. In addition, this study aims to identify factors that contribute to e-book usage.

Methodology:

This cross-sectional study was conducted among MBBS students of KMC Mangalore. A Semi-structured questionnaire which contained demographics, knowledge, practices and awareness of the use of e-books was used for data collection. The collected data was analysed using SPSS version 25.0. Results were expressed as proportions and for comparison across groups, the Chi-square test was used. A ‘p’ value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Out of the total 422 participants, 53.7%(n=226) were females the main source of awareness for 243 participants (57.7%) was internet, followed by friends for 119 participants (28.2%). Overall, 44.7% (n=188) wanted e-books to be implemented in their curriculum. A higher proportion,62.6% (n=263) prefer to study from printed textbooks during the exam time. Also, the main challenges while using e-books were eye soreness/redness (60.6%) followed by difficulty reading from the device (56.6%).

Conclusion:

Overall, there was a high level of awareness among the study subjects about e-books. There was no significant difference across the genders for usage patterns and awareness. Mostly the use of ebooks was for textbooks and reference articles.
IJCM_149A: Profile of injuries among children admitted to a tertiary care hospital of Mangalore city, South India.
Authors: Rathaur Siddharth , Polisetty Harika Lakshmi , Ghosh Roopkatha , Hafiz Faiza , Modi Nidhi , Kumar Nithin , Rekha T , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Holla Ramesh
Published: April 2024

Background:

Childhood injuries represent a significant public health concern worldwide, with a considerable impact on morbidity and mortality rates among children. Understanding the epidemiology and patterns of childhood injuries is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies. This retrospective study aimed to analyse the demographic and clinical patterns of childhood injuries among children admitted to Government Wenlock Hospital in Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

Methodology:

A hospital-based retrospective study design was employed, utilizing records of children aged 12 and below who were admitted with injuries during the study period. Data were collected using a structured proforma and analysed using SPSS version 11.5. Demographic and clinical variables were assessed, including age, gender, location of injury occurrence, type of injury, cause of injury, and outcomes.

Results:

A total of 359 cases of childhood injuries were analysed, with children aged 1-5 years being the most vulnerable age group. Male children experienced a higher number of injuries compared to females. The most common types of injuries were burns and poisoning, with road traffic accidents being the leading cause of injury. Home was identified as the primary location where injuries occurred. Most children were discharged without disability, although a significant number were discharged against medical advice.

Conclusion:

This study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology and patterns of childhood injuries in Mangalore, Karnataka. The findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted prevention strategies, such as increased parental supervision, traffic safety education, and proper storage of hazardous substances, to reduce the burden of childhood injuries. Additionally, efforts should focus on raising awareness among parents about the importance of seeking medical care promptly to mitigate the risk of adverse outcomes.
IJCM_15A: Health-seeking behaviour among Fishermen community mothers of under-five children on childcare– A cross-sectional study
Authors: Divakar Sathya , Umamaheswari  , Baranidharan  , Damodaran V
Published: April 2024

Background:

Globally in 2020 an estimated 5 million children under5 years died mostly from preventable and treatable causes. India ranks second worldwide in under5 mortality (WHO2020). Health of the children is strongly dependent on parental healthcare behaviour Fishermen-community possesses unique characteristics of a folk-society, Major portion of the life of fishermen is spent at sea, mothers assume a vital place with regard to the upbringing of the children.

Objective:

To study the health-seeking behaviour among Fishermen- community mothers of under-five children during acute illness and factors associated with it

Methodology:

A cross sectional study was conducted among 100 Mothers of Under five children in a Fishermen community, Kovalam, Chengalpattu district of Tamil Nadu over a period of 3months (October 2023–November 2023). Data collection was done using interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire, statistical analysis was done using SPSS v21.0

Results:

In total, 100 mothers with mean age of 27± 3.3 years participated in the study, all of them reported of some health morbidity. The proportion of health seeking behaviour in terms of appropriate and prompt care among the study population was 42%. The reason for delayed health care seeking among the participants were due to over-the-counter drugs(33%), self-medication(17%) and home remedies(8%). Among them 84% sought health care from private health facility. Appropriate and prompt care has found to be significantly associated with the age of the child less than 2 years (OR-3.485,95%CI-1.449-8.382), educational status of the mother (above high-school) (OR-3,95%CI-1.328-6.977), extended family type (OR- 2.679,95%CI-1.151-6.233) and perception about severity of illness during an episode of acute illness.

Conclusion:

Appropriate Health-seeking behaviour and seeking prompt care among parents of children was inadequate. Utilization of public health facility was less. Hence, steps can be taken to sensitize the mothers about the services available in the public health care facility.
IJCM_152A: Assessment of Supportive Care Needs of Breast Cancer Patients and their Caregivers - A Cross Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Centre, Vadodara
Authors: Kuthari Radhika , Damor Raman , Shringarpure Kalpita
Published: April 2024

Background:

Cancer diagnosis can be difficult for the patients as well as their families; who bear a disproportionate amount of caring burden. Research indicates that as patients’ needs rise, so do those of their caregivers. For holistic health care delivery, it is important for service providers to be cognizant of the difficulties faced by both.

Objective:

1. To assess the needs of breast cancer patients and their caregivers. 2. To explore the factors associated with needs of the patients and their caregivers 3. To assess the relation between the needs of the patients and their caregivers

Methodology:

One hundred and fifty dyads of patients and their caregivers were purposely sampled and administered Supportive-Care-Needs-Surveys (SCNS) Short-form34 (SF-34), and SCNS-Partners and Caregivers respectively, by the interviewer in local language. Cronbach a was used to check reliability and median (IQR) scores were calculated for domains in each survey. Univariate analysis was done to identify factors affecting needs, followed by calculation of correlation coefficient between the needs of patients and of their caregivers.

Results:

All domains in the two scales were acceptable (Cronbacha>0.6) except Patient Care and Support (0.51) and Sexuality (0.19) domains in SCNS-SF34. Highest needs were reported by patients in Physical and Daily Living domain 40.62(31.5-56.5) and by caregivers in Work and Social Security 30.4(25-35.7), and Emotional and Psychological Needs 30.4(21.4- 35.7) domains. Patients’ and caregivers’ needs were significantly associated with patient’s disease status (p< 0.05), and a moderately positive correlation (r (148) = 0.41, p<0.001) was found between their needs.

Conclusion:

Patients and caregivers both reported unmet needs which were influenced by the patient’s disease status, and caretakers’ needs increased in tandem with patients’ needs. Studies to validate existing scales or create new ones and larger-scale comparable research including the private sector could aid in generalizability.