bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurements of Rayleigh ratios in linear alkylbenzene
Authors: Yu Miao , Wu Wenjie , Peng Na , Yu Taozhe , Ding Yayun , Liu Qian , Ren Feng , Zhang Zhenyu , Zhou Xiang
Published: June 2022

This paper describes a new experimental setup designed for the direct measurement of the Rayleigh ratio and Rayleigh scattering length for linear alkylbenzene, a solvent commonly used in liquid scintillator detectors for neutrino experiments. Using the new approach, the perpendicularly polarized Rayleigh ratio was determined to be (4.52 ± 0.28) × 10−6 m−1 sr−1 at 405 nm and (3.82 ± 0.24) × 10−6 m−1 sr−1 at 432 nm, and the corresponding Rayleigh scattering length was LRay = 22.9 ± 0.3(stat.) ± 1.7(sys.) m at 405 nm and LRay = 27.0 ± 0.9(stat.) ± 1.8(sys.) m at 432 nm. These results are consistent with both previous results determined using other experimental strategies and theoretical predictions.
Realization of multiband communications using different Rydberg final states
Authors: Du Yijie , Cong Nan , Wei Xiaogang , Zhang Xiaonan , Luo Wenhao , He Jun , Yang Renfu
Published: June 2022

Rydberg atoms can serve as an atomic radio frequency receiver for digital and analog information transmission. In this paper, a ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency system is prepared in a room temperature cesium atomic vapor cell. Microwave electric fields in the Ku band at a frequency of 12.52 GHz and the Ka band at a frequency of 39.80 GHz are used as two-channel communication carriers to demonstrate concurrent information transmission. Analog and digital communications are demonstrated by performing audio and pseudo-random binary sequence signal transmission, respectively. The dynamic range of the proposed system is ∼50 dB, and the communication bandwidth is more than 10 MHz. The obtained results demonstrate the fundamental principles of two- or multi-band communication systems based on different Rydberg final states.
Epitaxial growth of high-entropy alloy thin film with spontaneous exchange bias
Authors: Ling Yechao , Chen Jiawei , He Anpeng , Wang Guangyu , Yu Xiao , Xu Mingxiang , Han Zhida , Du Jun , Xu Qingyu
Published: June 2022

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted extensive research interest for their outstanding mechanical, electrochemical, and magnetic properties due to the highly random occupation of near equimolar multi-principal elements. The functionalities are severely influenced by the highly disordered lattice structure at grain boundaries and random orientation of grains in polycrystalline samples. Here, epitaxial CrMnFeCoNi HEA thin films of (001) orientation are prepared by laser-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on MgO substrates using a Cu buffer layer. A spontaneous exchange bias (SEB) effect is observed in a 98 nm thick CrMnFeCoNi HEA thin film. The SEB effect is related to a newly formed ferromagnetic (FM)/spin glass (SG) interface generated by field-induced irreversible growth of FM regions. The interfacial spins of SG domains are gradually consumed during the initial magnetizing process, leading to the consequent reservation of unidirectional anisotropy. The observation of SEB in HEA films expands their functions, which may be applied in novel magnetic devices.
Local anisotropy control of Pt/Co/Ir thin film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy by surface acoustic waves
Authors: Shuai Jintao , Ali Mannan , Lopez-Diaz Luis , Cunningham John E. , Moore Thomas A.
Published: June 2022

The control of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in thin films by strain has considerable potential for energy-efficient information storage and data processing. Here, we report on the control of PMA in Pt/Co/Ir thin films by the strain produced by standing surface acoustic waves (SAWs). A significant (∼21%) coercivity reduction (from 4.80 ± 0.03 to 3.80 ± 0.02 mT) can be obtained by applying a standing SAW with a center frequency of 93.35 MHz. Furthermore, the standing SAWs induce a greater-than 11-fold increase in magnetization reversal speed (from 168 ± 3 to up to 2100 ± 80 μm2/s) at 3.2 mT for a total applied RF power of 22.5 dBm. During application of SAWs, wide-field Kerr microscopy reveals the formation of domains in stripes with a periodicity of half of the SAW wavelength. Micromagnetic simulations indicate that the anti-nodes of the standing SAW locally lower the anisotropy due to the magneto-elastic coupling effect, decreasing domain nucleation field while promoting magnetization reversal. Our study suggests the possibility of remote and energy-efficient control of magnetization switching using SAWs.
Efficient and controllable flame method to generate rich oxygen vacancies in WO3 nanosheet arrays to enhance solar water oxidation
Authors: Chen Biyi , Li Dan , Chen Xue , Li Longhua , Chen Min , Shi Weidong
Published: June 2022

A WO3 photoanode is a promising candidate for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting due to its earth-abundance, highly tunable composition, excellent stability, and electrical conductivity. However, its actual PEC performances are inferior to theoretical values, which are challenged by rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers and sluggish water oxidation kinetics. Here, a flame method that has the advantages of being simplistic, controllable, and ultra-efficient is reported to generate a rich oxygen vacancy (OV) in WO3 nanosheet arrays to enhance the PEC performance. The morphology, crystallinity, and PEC performance of the WO3 nanosheet arrays were significantly sensitive to the process parameters. By optimizing the process, rich surface OVs were introduced in the WO3 photoanode within 30 s, while the overall morphology, crystallinity, and conductive substrate were well preserved. The optimum deficient WO3 photoanode exhibited a photocurrent density of 2.40 mA cm−2, which is 3.33 times as high as that of the untreated counterpart. The OVs significantly improved the PEC performance of the WO3 photoanode by enhanced carrier transports and stronger activation for OH− ions. Moreover, the proposed flame method exhibits great versatility in prevalent metal oxides for introducing OVs.
Properties of high entropy borides synthesized via microwave-induced plasma
Authors: Storr Bria , Moore Luke , Chakrabarty Kallol , Mohammed Zaheeruddin , Rangari Vijaya , Chen Cheng-Chien , Catledge Shane A.
Published: June 2022

Microwave-induced plasma was used to anneal precursor powders containing five metal oxides with carbon and boron carbide as reducing agents, resulting in high entropy boride ceramics. Measurements of hardness, phase structure, and oxidation resistance were investigated. Plasma annealing for 45 min in the range of 1500–2000 °C led to the formation of predominantly single-phase (Hf, Zr, Ti, Ta, Mo)B2 or (Hf, Zr, Nb, Ta, Mo)B2 hexagonal structures characteristic of high entropy borides. Oxidation resistance for these borides was improved by as much as a factor of ten when compared to conventional commercial diborides. Vickers and nanoindentation hardness measurements show the indentation size effect and were found to be as much as 50% higher than that reported for the same high entropy boride configuration made by other methods, with average values reaching up to 38 GPa (for the highest Vickers load of 200 gf). Density functional theory calculations with a partial occupation method showed that (Hf, Zr, Ti, Ta, Mo)B2 has a higher hardness but a lower entropy forming ability compared to (Hf, Zr, Nb, Ta, Mo)B2, which agrees with the experiments. Overall, these results indicate the strong potential of using microwave-induced plasma as a novel approach for synthesizing high entropy borides.
Acute admission risk stratification of New Zealand primary care patients using demographic, multimorbidity, service usage and modifiable variables
Authors: Van Houtte Chris , Gellen Chris , Ranchhod Dipan
Published: June 2022

Introduction Risk stratification tools in primary care may help practices better identify high-risk patients and plan for their treatment. Patients of all ages can be at high risk of acute hospital admissions. Aim We aim to improve existing risk stratification tools by using larger datasets, and accounting for practice-level variations in hospitalisation rates and read-code quality. Methods This work has derived an acute admission risk stratification tool in the Wellington, Kāpiti Coast and Wairarapa regions of New Zealand. An open cohort, starting 1 March 2017 and finishing 1 November 2021, contains 319 943 patients. An accelerated failure time survival regression model is used to model acute admission risk. Candidate models are tested on holdout data using six different test metrics. Results Patient risk is most affected by demographic, and the frequency of recent healthcare system usage. Morbidity categories have less predictive capability, but may still be useful from a practical perspective. The preferred model has an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.75 for a 6-month forecast period. Discussion The model is straightforward to apply to other datasets. Although most of the highest-risk patients will be well-known to their primary care practices already, the model helps to identify the patients who are high risk but not regularly attendees of the practice, and may benefit from proactive care planning.
Adaptive variation in the upper limits of avian body temperature
Authors: Freeman Marc T. , Czenze Zenon J. , Schoeman Keegan , McKechnie Andrew E.
Published: June 2022

Physiological performance declines precipitously at high body temperature (Tb), but little attention has been paid to adaptive variation in upperTblimits among endotherms. We hypothesized that avian maximum tolerableTb(Tbmax) has evolved in response to climate, with higherTbmaxin species exposed to high environmental heat loads or humidity-related constraints on evaporative heat dissipation. To test this hypothesis, we comparedTbmaxand related variables among 53 bird species at multiple sites in South Africa with differing maximum air temperature (Tair) and humidity using a phylogenetically informed comparative framework. Birds in humid, lowland habitats had comparatively highTbmax(mean ± SD = 45.60 ± 0.58 °C) and low normothermicTb(Tbnorm), with a significantly greater capacity for hyperthermia (Tbmax−Tbnormgradient = 5.84 ± 0.77 °C) compared with birds occupying cool montane (4.97 ± 0.99 °C) or hot arid (4.11 ± 0.84 °C) climates. Unexpectedly,Tbmaxwas significantly lower among desert birds (44.65 ± 0.60 °C), a surprising result in light of the functional importance of hyperthermia for water conservation. Our data reveal a macrophysiological pattern and support recent arguments that endotherms have evolved thermal generalization versus specialization analogous to the continuum among ectothermic animals. Specifically, a combination of modest hyperthermia tolerance and efficient evaporative cooling in desert birds is indicative of thermal specialization, whereas greater hyperthermia tolerance and less efficient evaporative cooling among species in humid lowland habitats suggest thermal generalization.
Aging can transform single-component protein condensates into multiphase architectures
Authors: Garaizar Adiran , Espinosa Jorge R. , Joseph Jerelle A. , Krainer Georg , Shen Yi , Knowles Tuomas P.J. , Collepardo-Guevara Rosana
Published: June 2022

Phase-separated biomolecular condensates that contain multiple coexisting phases are widespread in vitro and in cells. Multiphase condensates emerge readily within multicomponent mixtures of biomolecules (e.g., proteins and nucleic acids) when the different components present sufficient physicochemical diversity (e.g., in intermolecular forces, structure, and chemical composition) to sustain separate coexisting phases. Because such diversity is highly coupled to the solution conditions (e.g., temperature, pH, salt, composition), it can manifest itself immediately from the nucleation and growth stages of condensate formation, develop spontaneously due to external stimuli or emerge progressively as the condensates age. Here, we investigate thermodynamic factors that can explain the progressive intrinsic transformation of single-component condensates into multiphase architectures during the nonequilibrium process of aging. We develop a multiscale model that integrates atomistic simulations of proteins, sequence-dependent coarse-grained simulations of condensates, and a minimal model of dynamically aging condensates with nonconservative intermolecular forces. Our nonequilibrium simulations of condensate aging predict that single-component condensates that are initially homogeneous and liquid like can transform into gel-core/liquid-shell or liquid-core/gel-shell multiphase condensates as they age due to gradual and irreversible enhancement of interprotein interactions. The type of multiphase architecture is determined by the aging mechanism, the molecular organization of the gel and liquid phases, and the chemical makeup of the protein. Notably, we predict that interprotein disorder to order transitions within the prion-like domains of intracellular proteins can lead to the required nonconservative enhancement of intermolecular interactions. Our study, therefore, predicts a potential mechanism by which the nonequilibrium process of aging results in single-component multiphase condensates.
Characterization of
Pan
social systems reveals in-group/out-group distinction and out-group tolerance in bonobos
Authors: Samuni Liran , Langergraber Kevin E. , Surbeck Martin H.
Published: June 2022

Human between-group interactions are highly variable, ranging from violent to tolerant and affiliative. Tolerance between groups is linked to our unique capacity for large-scale cooperation and cumulative culture, but its evolutionary origins are understudied. In chimpanzees, one of our closest living relatives, predominantly hostile between-group interactions impede cooperation and information flow across groups. In contrast, in our other closest living relative, the bonobo, tolerant between-group associations are observed. However, as these associations can be frequent and prolonged and involve social interactions that mirror those within groups, it is unclear whether these bonobos really do belong to separate groups. Alternatively, the bonobo grouping patterns may be homologous to observations from the large Ngogo chimpanzee community, where individuals form within-group neighborhoods despite sharing the same membership in the larger group. To characterize bonobo grouping patterns, we compare the social structure of the Kokolopori bonobos with the chimpanzee group of Ngogo. Using cluster analysis, we find temporally stable clusters only in bonobos. Despite the large spatial overlap and frequent interactions between the bonobo clusters, we identified significant association preference within but not between clusters and a unique space use of each cluster. Although bonobo associations are flexible (i.e., fission–fusion dynamics), cluster membership predicted the bonobo fission compositions and the spatial cohesion of individuals during encounters. These findings suggest the presence of a social system that combines clear in-group/out-group distinction and out-group tolerance in bonobos, offering a unique referential model for the evolution of tolerant between-group interactions in humans.
Phonon Stability of Quantum Droplets in Dipolar Bose Gases
Authors: Zhang Fan , Yin Lan
Published: June 2022

Stabilized by quantum fluctuations, dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates can form self-bound liquid-like droplets. However in the Bogoliubov theory, there are imaginary phonon energies in the long-wavelength limit, implying dynamical instability of this system. A similar instability appears in the Bogoliubov theory of a binary quantum droplet, and is removed due to higher-order quantum fluctuations as shown recently [Gu Q and Yin L 2020 Phys. Rev. B
102 220503(R)]. We study the excitation energy of a dipolar quantum droplet in the Beliaev formalism, and find that quantum fluctuations significantly enhance the phonon stability. We adopt a self-consistent approach without the problem of complex excitation energy in the Bogoliubov theory, and obtain a stable anisotropic sound velocity which is consistent with the superfluid hydrodynamic theory, but slightly different from the result of the extended Gross–Pitaevskii equation due to quantum depletion. A modified Gross–Pitaevskii equation in agreement with the Beliaev theory is proposed, which takes the effect of quantum fluctuations into account more completely.
Nontrivial Topological States in BaSn5 Superconductor Probed by de Haas–van Alphen Quantum Oscillations
Authors: Han Lixuesong , Shi Xianbiao , Jiao Jinlong , Yu Zhenhai , Wang Xia , Yu Na , Zou Zhiqiang , Ma Jie , Zhao Weiwei , Xia Wei , Guo Yanfeng
Published: June 2022

We report the nontrivial topological states in an intrinsic type-II superconductor BaSn
5
(T
c ∼ 4.4 K) probed by measuring the magnetization, specific heat, de Haas–van Alphen (dHvA) effect, and by performing first-principles calculations. The first-principles calculations reveal a topological nodal ring structure centered at the H point in the k
z = π plane of the Brillouin zone, which could be gapped by spin-orbit coupling (SOC), yielding relatively small gaps below and above the Fermi level of about 0.04 eV and 0.14 eV, respectively. The SOC also results in a pair of Dirac points along the Γ–A direction, located at ∼ 0.2 eV above the Fermi level. The analysis of the dHvA quantum oscillations supports the calculations by revealing a nontrivial Berry phase originating from the hole and electron pockets related to the bands forming the Dirac cones. Thus, our study provides an excellent avenue for investigating the interplay between superconductivity and nontrivial topological states.
First-Principles Study of Hole-Doped Superconductors RNiO2 (R = Nd, La, and Pr)
Authors: Hao Juan-Juan , Sun Pei-Han , Zhang Ming , Wu Xian-Xin , Liu Kai , Yang Fan
Published: June 2022

Recent experiments have found that in contrast to the nonsuperconducting bulk RNiO2 (R = Nd, La, and Pr), the strontium-doped R
1 – x
Sr
x
NiO
2
thin films show superconductivity with the critical temperature T
c of 9–15 K at x = 0.2, whose origin of superconductivity deserves further investigation. Based on first-principles calculations, we study the electronic structure, lattice dynamics, and electron–phonon coupling (EPC) of the undoped and doped RNiO2 (R = Nd, La, and Pr) at the experimental doping level. Our results show that the EPC-derived T
c’s are all about 0 K in the undoped and doped RNiO2. The electron–phonon coupling strength is too small to account for the observed superconductivity. We hence propose that the electron–phonon interaction can not be the exclusive origin of the superconductivity in RNiO2 (R = Nd, La, and Pr).
Giant Influence of Clustering and Anti-Clustering of Disordered Surface Roughness on Electronic Tunneling
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhang Qingyun , Ke Youqi , Xia Ke
Published: June 2022

This work reveals the giant influence of spatial distribution of disordered surface roughness on electron tunneling, which is of immediate relevance to the magneto tunnel device and imaging technologies. We calculate the spin-dependent tunneling in Fe/vacuum/Fe junction with disordered surface roughness with the first-principles non-equilibrium dynamical cluster theory. It is found that, at high concentration of surface roughness, different spatial distributions, including the clustered, anti-clustered and completely random roughness characterized by Warren–Cowley parameters, present large deviations from each other in all spin channels. By changing from clustered to anti-clustered roughness, it is surprising that spin polarization of tunneling in parallel configuration (PC) can be drastically reversed from –0.52 to 0.93, while complete randomness almost eliminates the polarization. It is found that the anti-clustered roughness can dramatically quench the tunneling of minority spin in both PC and anti-PC by orders of magnitude, but significantly enhance the transmission of majority spin in PC (by as large as 40%) compared to the results of clustered roughness, presenting distinct influences of differently correlated surface roughness. The spatial correlation of disordered surface roughness can significantly modify the surface resonance of Fe minority spin.
Modeling of argon–steam thermal plasma flow for abatement of fluorinated compounds
Authors: Jeništa Jiří , Chau Shiu-Wu , Chien Sheng-Wei , Živný Oldřich , Takana Hidemasa , Nishiyama Hideya , Bartlová Milada , Aubrecht Vladimír , Murphy Anthony B
Published: June 2022

This study presents a numerical model of the hybrid-stabilized argon–steam thermal DC plasma torch of a new design for generating an argon–steam plasma suitable for efficient abatement of persistent perfluorinated compounds. The model includes the discharge region and the plasma jet flowing to the surrounding steam atmosphere contained in a plasma-chemical chamber. Compared to previous studies, the torch had a smaller nozzle diameter (5.3 mm) and a reduced input power (20–40 kW) and arc current (120–220 A). The outlet region for the plasma jet extends to 20 cm downstream of the exit nozzle. Fluid dynamic and thermal characteristics together with diffusion of argon, hydrogen and oxygen species, and distribution of plasma species in the discharge and the plasma jet are obtained for currents from 120 to 220 A. The results of the calculations show that the plasma jet exhibits high spatiotemporal fluctuations in the shear layer between the plasma jet and colder steam atmosphere. The most abundant species in the plasma jet are hydrogen and oxygen atoms near the jet center, and molecules of H2, O2 and OH in colder surrounding regions. Satisfactory agreement is obtained with measurements of the radial temperature and electron number density profiles near the jet center close to the nozzle exit.
Tunable liquid crystal metasurface with polarization selection characteristic
Authors: Lv Jian-Feng , Meng Fan-Yi , Zhang Kuang , Ding Chang , Han Jian-Qiao , Liu Yu-Huang , Wu Qun
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a systematic design method for tunable metasurface based on liquid crystal (LC) is proposed, which exhibits the property of polarization selection. A compact LC-based meta-atom with a dimension of 0.12 λ × 0.12 λ is designed. The metasurface element consists of a pair of planar metallic structures, between which the LC is sandwiched. The equivalent circuit, electric field distribution, and current distribution elaborate on the design method and operating principle of the LC-based metasurface in detail. Full wave simulations show that the tunable metasurface provides bandpass and bandstop characteristics for TE and TM polarization, respectively. The center frequencies of the passband and stopband are tuned from 10.88 GHz to 10.3 GHz and 10.90 GHz to 10.18 GHz, and the tuning range reaches up to 5.5% and 6.8%, respectively. Compared with the existing work, tunability is introduced while maintaining the polarization selection characteristics. Moreover, frequency responses of the LC-based metasurface under various incident angles from 0° to 70° are kept to be stable for arbitrary LC states. In addition, a prototype sample is designed, fabricated, and measured to verify the proposed design method.
LO-mode phonon of KCl and NaCl at 300 K by inelastic x-ray scattering measurements and first principles calculations
Authors: Togo Atsushi , Hayashi Hiroyuki , Tadano Terumasa , Tsutsui Satoshi , Tanaka Isao
Published: June 2022

Longitudinal-optical (LO) mode phonon branches of KCl and NaCl were measured using inelastic x-ray scattering (IXS) at 300 K and calculated by the first-principles phonon calculation with the stochastic self-consistent harmonic approximation. Spectral shapes of the IXS measurements and calculated spectral functions agreed well. We analyzed the calculated spectral functions that provide higher resolutions of the spectra than the IXS measurements. Due to strong anharmonicity, the spectral functions of these phonon branches have several peaks and the LO modes along Γ–L paths are disconnected.
Deep subclass alignment transfer network based on time–frequency features for intelligent fault diagnosis of planetary gearboxes under time-varying speeds
Authors: Han Songjun , Feng Zhipeng
Published: June 2022

Vibration signals of planetary gearboxes have complex components and time-varying characteristics. As the unstable operation of planetary gearboxes leads to unbalanced data distribution within vibration signals, it is difficult to extract gearbox fault information hidden in a large amount of data. Therefore, fault diagnosis of planetary gearboxes under nonstationary conditions is highly challenging. For the past few years, intelligent diagnosis methods have been extensively studied in the fault diagnosis field. However, inappropriate signal representations, inadequate training samples, and data differences increase the difficulty of diagnosing planetary gearbox faults. To address the above issues, this paper proposes an intelligent diagnostic framework based on time–frequency features and a deep residual joint subclass alignment transfer network (DSATN) for planetary gearbox fault diagnosis under nonstationary conditions. One-dimensional vibration signals are converted into time–frequency representation through signal processing techniques to reflect the variation of vibration frequency components within the time–frequency domain with time. During network training, the DSATN evaluates the data distributions between relevant subclasses in source and target tasks by using the local maximum mean discrepancy. Also, it utilizes a nonlinear transformation to align the global data distributions between both tasks, thus improving the generalization of the trained model for small sample sets. The proposed method is validated through planetary gearbox experiments and achieves good fault classification in the time–frequency domain of nonstationary vibration signals. Different gear and planet bearing fault categories are successfully identified.
Entropy of kink pair formation on screw dislocations: an accelerated molecular dynamics study
Authors: Zotov Nikolay , Grabowski Blazej
Published: June 2022

The Gibbs energy ΔG
kp(τ, T) of kink pair formation on screw dislocations in bcc Nb has been determined as a function of shear stress τ at different temperatures T ⩽ 100 K using an accelerated molecular dynamics method and a bond-boost potential. From ΔG
kp(τ, T), the stress dependence of the entropy and the enthalpy of kink pair formation could be obtained using standard thermodynamic relations. The entropy of formation increases with increasing shear stress, following a phenomenologically predicted τ
1/2 dependence.
Thermally stable gold nanorod dispersed silicone composite with plasmonic resonance in the optical communication window
Authors: Huang Yupeng , Xu Haijiao , Zhou Zhihao , Jiang Bofan , Li Lihua , Ma Zhijun , Zhou Shifeng
Published: June 2022

Gold nanorods (AuNRs) possess a high optical nonlinear coefficient, ultrafast optical response speed and widely tunable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) wavelength covering the visible and near infrared region. Therefore, they are extensively investigated for many optical applications. However, the poor thermal stability of the AuNRs seriously restricts their practical performance. In addition, for many applications, such as optical communication or laser modulation, AuNRs have to be combined with transparent solids, for example polymers, glass or crystals to make devices. Here, we report on the preparation of 0.23 mg AuNR dispersed methyl silicone resin (MSR) with longitudinal LSPR (L-LSPR) wavelength (1450 nm) in the optical communication window. We found that AuNR-silicone composites possess high thermal stability. After calcination in ambient environment at a temperature of 250 °C for 10 h, the L-LSPR peak of the sample can remain longer than 1380 nm, implying that the NR shape of the Au particles was well maintained. Using the open-aperture Z-scan technique, the nonlinear absorption coefficient of the composites was measured as −11.71 cm GW−1, higher than many nonlinear materials. Thus, the thermally stable AuNR@SiO2-MSR composite with high nonlinearity is promising for practical applications in the optical communication window.
Feasibility study of three-material decomposition in dual-energy cone-beam CT imaging with deep learning
Authors: Zhu Jiongtao , Su Ting , Zhang Xin , Yang Jiecheng , Mi Donghua , Zhang Yunxin , Gao Xiang , Zheng Hairong , Liang Dong , Ge Yongshuai
Published: June 2022

Objective. In this work, a dedicated end-to-end deep convolutional neural network, named as Triple-CBCT, is proposed to demonstrate the feasibility of reconstructing three different material distribution volumes from the dual-energy CBCT projection data. Approach. In Triple-CBCT, the features of the sinogram and the CT image are independently extracted and cascaded via a customized domain transform network module. This Triple-CBCT network was trained by numerically synthesized dual-energy CBCT data, and was tested with experimental dual-energy CBCT data of the Iodine-CaCl2 solution and pig leg specimen scanned on an in-house benchtop system. Main results. Results show that the information stored in both the sinogram and CT image domains can be used together to improve the decomposition quality of multiple materials (water, iodine, CaCl2 or bone) from the dual-energy projections. In addition, both the numerical and experimental results demonstrate that the Triple-CBCT is able to generate high-fidelity dual-energy CBCT basis images. Significance. An innovative end-to-end network that joints the sinogram and CT image domain information is developed to facilitate high quality automatic decomposition from the dual-energy CBCT scans.
Li2O-ZnO-MoO3-SeO2 glass-nanocomposites and their crystalline counterparts: microstructure, electrical transport mechanism and first principle DFT analysis
Authors: Sengupta Aditi , Halder Prolay , Ali Mir Sahidul , Ghosh Chandan Kumar , Bhattacharya Sanjib
Published: June 2022

Li2O doped glass-nanocomposites and their crystalline counterparts have been developed. Micro-structural study reveals the distribution of Li2Zn2(MoO4)3, ZnMoO4, Zn(MoO2)2, Li2Mo6O7 and Li2MoO3 nanorods in the glass-nanocomposites. Crystalline counterparts of them exhibit enhancement in sizes of nanophases. DFT and Density of States (DOS) spectra may be considered here to confirm the conducting nature of these nanophases. The ionic conductivity is found to be a function of frequency as well as temperature. In the small value of frequency, flat-conductivity may arise owing to the diffusional motion of Li+ ions whereas the ‘higher frequency dispersion’ may cause the nature of the motion of lithium ions with a tendency of sub-diffusive random trapping. As the crystalline counterpart is formed by controlled heating, ZnSeO3 chain-structure is expected to break by increasing the length and breadth of molybdate rod-like structures, which may lead to the formation of more voids (defects), where Li+ ions are supposed to be trapped. 10%–13% of the net Li+ ions are contributing to electrical transport processes.
The Photometric Study of Six W UMa Systems and Investigation of the Mass–Radius Relations for Contact Binary Stars
Authors: Poro Atila , Paki Ehsan , Blackford Mark G. , Davoudi Fatemeh , Aladag Yasemin , Zamanpour Shiva , Sarabi Soroush , Halavati Afshin , Aksaker Nazim , Bagis Halil , Rahimi Jabar , Guilani Hamidreza , Akyuz Aysun , Jahediparizi Faezeh , Doner Ozge , Ashrafzadeh Zohreh
Published: June 2022

We present the photometric analysis of six short-period systems (EI Oct, V336 TrA, NX Boo, V356 Boo, PS Boo, and V2282 Cyg). This is the first photometric analysis of these systems except for V336 TrA. Observations were conducted for 27 nights at three observatories in the northern and southern hemispheres. We calculated a new ephemeris for each of the systems using our minimum times and additional literature. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach was used to determine the eclipse timing variation trends of the systems. We found a likely orbital growth for V336 TrA and PS Boo; four other systems show a linear trend in orbital period changes, which is most likely due to the accumulation of measurement errors in their linear ephemeris parameters. The light curve analysis was performed using the Physics of Eclipsing Binaries (PHOEBE) 2.3.59 version code with the MCMC approach. The absolute parameters of the systems were calculated by using the Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) parallax. The positions of the systems were also depicted on the Hertzsprung–Russell (H-R) and

log

J

0

–
log

M

diagrams. According to a sample, we were able to present relations for the mass–radius (M–R) relationships of contact binary systems. There is also a strong relationship between the mass ratio and the radius ratio in the W UMa systems for which we also provided a new relation. We compared the M–R updated relationships in this study with seven systems in other studies obtained using the spectroscopic method. In addition, we estimated some of the absolute parameters for 1734 EW systems, based on the new relationships.
Usage of machine-learning algorithms in inverse problem of light self-focusing in isotropic chiral medium with cubic nonlinearity
Authors: Kuznetsov N Yu , Grigoriev K S , Makarov V A
Published: June 2022

Efficiency of convolutional artificial neural networks in the problem of finding nonlinearity parameters proportional to the local and non-local cubic dielectric susceptibilities of a medium and intensity of the incident radiation, fully describing the self-focusing character of elliptically polarized laser beams, is demonstrated. It is shown that realization of the predictive algorithm by the neural network can be improved by using complex structured light so that the error is lowered down to percent units.
Systematic study of proton radioactivity half-lives based on the relationship between Skyrme-Hartree-Fock and the macroscopic quantities of nuclear matter*
Authors: Cheng Jun-Hao , Zhang Zhen , Wu Xi-Jun , Chu Peng-Cheng , Li Xiao-Hua
Published: June 2022

In this study, we systematically investigate the proton radioactivity half-lives of 33 spherical nuclei based on the relationship between Skyrme parameters and the macroscopic quantities of nuclear matter. Using the two-potential approach with the spherical Skyrme-Hartree-Fock model, the correlation between proton radioactivity half-life and the macroscopic quantities is analyzed. Moreover, we obtain a new Skyrme parameter set by fitting the two most weighted macroscopic quantities. Compared with the Skyrme parameters MSL0 and the theoretical model of proton radioactivity UDLP, the theoretical proton radioactivity half-life calculated using the new Skyrme parameter set can better reproduce the experimental data.
Effects of the parallel flow shear on the ITG-driven turbulent transport in tokamak plasmas
Authors: Mazzi S. , Camenen Y. , Garcia J. , Zarzoso D. , Frigione D. , Garzotti L. , Rimini F. , Van Eester D. , JET Contributors
Published: June 2022

The impact of the parallel flow shear on the tokamak plasma stability and turbulent transport driven by the ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes is analyzed by means of local gyrokinetic numerical analyses. It is shown that the parallel flow shear increases the ITG growth rate in the linear regime, and induces a broadening and shift of the radial spectrum. Then, the different effects of the finite parallel shear on the ITG turbulence characteristics are deeply analyzed in the nonlinear regime. These studies highlight that a reduction of the thermal-ion turbulent heat flux is induced by a complex mechanism involving the nonlinear generation of an enhanced zonal flow activity. Indeed, the turbulent sources of the zonal flows are increased by the introduction of the finite parallel flow shear in the system, beneficially acting on the saturation level of the ITG turbulence. The study has been carried out for the Waltz standard case below the critical threshold of the destabilization of the parallel velocity gradient instability, and then generalized to a selected pulse of a recent JET scenario with substantial toroidal rotation in the edge plasma region. It is, thus, suggested that the investigated complex mechanism triggered by the finite parallel flow shear reducing the ITG turbulent heat fluxes could be complementary to the well-established perpendicular flow shear in a region with sufficiently large plasma toroidal rotation.
Symmetry-resolved entanglement in a long-range free-fermion chain
Authors: Ares Filiberto , Murciano Sara , Calabrese Pasquale
Published: June 2022

We investigate the symmetry resolution of entanglement in the presence of long-range couplings. To this end, we study the symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy in the ground state of a fermionic chain that has dimerised long-range hoppings with power-like decaying amplitude—a long-range generalisation of the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model. This is a system that preserves the number of particles. The entropy of each symmetry sector is calculated via the charged moments of the reduced density matrix. We exploit some recent results on block Toeplitz determinants generated by a discontinuous symbol to obtain analytically the asymptotic behaviour of the charged moments and of the symmetry-resolved entropies for a large subsystem. At leading order we find entanglement equipartition, but comparing with the short-range counterpart its breaking occurs at a different order and it does depend on the hopping amplitudes.
Freezing transitions of Brownian particles in confining potentials
Authors: Mercado-Vásquez Gabriel , Boyer Denis , Majumdar Satya N
Published: June 2022

We study the mean first passage time (MFPT) to an absorbing target of a one-dimensional Brownian particle subject to an external potential v(x) in a finite domain. We focus on the cases in which the external potential is confining, of the form v(x) = k|x − x
0|
n
/n, and where the particle’s initial position coincides with x
0. We first consider a particle between an absorbing target at x = 0 and a reflective wall at x = c. At fixed x
0, we show that when the target distance c exceeds a critical value, there exists a nonzero optimal stiffness k
opt that minimizes the MFPT to the target. However, when c lies below the critical value, the optimal stiffness k
opt vanishes. Hence, for any value of n, the optimal potential stiffness undergoes a continuous ‘freezing’ transition as the domain size is varied. On the other hand, when the reflective wall is replaced by a second absorbing target, the freezing transition in k
opt becomes discontinuous. The phase diagram in the (x
0, n)-plane then exhibits three dynamical phases and metastability, with a ‘triple’ point at (x
0/c ≃ 0.171 85, n ≃ 0.395 39). For harmonic or higher order potentials (n ⩾ 2), the MFPT always increases with k at small k, for any x
0 or domain size. These results are contrasted with problems of diffusion under optimal resetting in bounded domains.
Dynamic Responses of the Pile-Saturated-Soil System to a Moving Load
Authors: Xu Bin , Xu Manqing , Li Kang
Published: June 2022

According to the basic solution of viscoelastic and saturated soil subjected to moving load on the surface and circular uniform harmonic load on the inside, the integral equation of soil-pile interaction under moving load in frequency domain is established by using Muki virtual pile method, and then the time-space dynamic response characteristics of a single pile in viscoelastic saturated soil to moving load vibration source are analyzed by using inverse Fourier transform. The factors that affect the dynamic response of single pile, such as load speed, length of single pile, saturated soil parameters, vibration source properties, etc., are analyzed and compared with the known results in related literature.
Experimental Study on Compressing and Insulation Performance of Recycled Fiber Concrete
Authors: Zengli Zhang , Yongkang Shen , Huan Yang
Published: June 2022

In order to study and explore the related changes of crack resistance, compressive strength and thermal insulation performance of recycled fiber concrete blocks with polyester fiber as the main component. The test blocks were designed and manufactured in the laboratory, three kinds of concrete test blocks with different specifications were obtained after curing for 28 days. Through experiments, three kinds of test blocks with different specifications were tested for thermal insulation performance, crack resistance and compressive strength. With the help of the electronic universal testing machine controlled by microcomputer, relevant data are obtained. The results show that the fiber concrete with polyester fiber as the main component has good crack resistance and thermal insulation performance, which can prevent new cracks and delay the development of cracks in matrix materials to a certain extent. In addition, waste clothes are used as raw materials for research to solves the problems of cost and environmental pollution of traditional fiber concrete, and reduces the pollution of traditional waste clothes treatment. Waste fabric is also a form of waste of social resources. Therefore, rational utilization of this potential huge resource is the inevitable requirement of a conservation-oriented society and a low-carbon life, and the only way for sustainable development.
Research on The Effect of Recycled Aggregate Replacement Rate on The Performance of Fresh Concrete
Authors: Shen Zhenzong , Wang Wangning , Yan Qingyao , Wang Zengqiang , Yin Zhuangfei , Yao Yunshi
Published: June 2022

In order to improve the utilization rate of recycled aggregate from construction waste, this paper studies the influence of recycled aggregate replacement rate on the performance of fresh concrete. The slump, 7d and 28d unconfined compressive strength of fresh concrete were studied by mixing recycled concrete with different replacement rates. The test results show that: compared with ordinary concrete, when recycled aggregate is completely replaced, the slump of concrete decreases by 58.8%, and the workability becomes worse; in the process of replacement rate from 0 to 100%, the 7d compressive strength decreases slowly, and the decline rate is 16.2%. The 28-day compressive strength decreased by 12.1%, and the mechanical properties decreased.
Numerical simulation of in-situ stress field characteristics about the dam site area of Baihetan Hydropower Station
Authors: Shan Zhigang , Ni Weida , Liu An
Published: June 2022

In order to study the geological history of the rock mass in the Baihetan dam site area, this paper carries out a numerical simulation study on the in-situ stress field in the dam site area of Baihetan Hydropower Station. With the help of numerical simulation technology, the macro distribution law of the in-situ stress field is discussed. The results show that the in-situ stress value in the dam site area belongs to medium ∼ high stress level. The large principal stress value of the powerhouse on the left and right bank will be close to or even greater than 25 MPa, furthermore the stress state are not good. The horizontal large principal stress is close to the horizontal small principal stress. The results of the paper reproduce the load action history of the rock mass in the dam site area, which provides a preventive theory for the safety of the dam construction of Baihetan Hydropower Station.
Finite element analysis of static performance of new fabricated double-layer upper flange composite beam
Authors: Xu Feng , Xie Kebin , Xu Wei
Published: June 2022

A new type of fabricated double-layer upper flange composite beam section is proposed to meet the requirements of greater structural headroom. The influence of the strength of cast-in-place concrete on the static performance of composite beams was studied by using finite element analysis method. The static performance of the new fabricated double-layer upper flange composite beam with the strength of cast-in-place concrete is obtained. Numerical simulation results show that with the increase of concrete strength, the bearing capacity of composite beams will increase to a certain extent. At the same time, there will be obvious stress concentration at the openings of the T-shaped steel web on the upper part of the section. In the actual design process, the distribution and shape of the openings still need to be optimized. In addition, the influence of span-to-height ratio and aspect ratio on the bearing capacity of new cross-section composite beams is also studied. The results show that the best span-to-height ratio and aspect ratio of the new section beam proposed in this paper are 15 and 4/9, respectively.
Finite Element Analysis on Mirco-Steel Tubular Pile Refilled Concrete Reinforced Structure Foundation
Authors: Shen Yongkang , Zhong Weiqiu , Xiong Shengyuan
Published: June 2022

Steel tubular pile technology is an effective method to reinforced foundation in retrofitting of existing buildings. Mirco-steel tubular pile is constructed with concrete filled steel tubular, the infilled concrete could reinforced the strength of mirco-pile and prevented the local-buckling of steel tubular. According to ANSYS software, a mode of finite element analysis was built with some function between mirco-pile and soil foundation, the mode was confirmed by some test data. The slenderness ratio and material strength were two important factors for the bearing capability of mirco-pile with concrete filled steel tubular. The bearing capability and some influence factors on concrete filled mirco-steel tubular piles were analyzed by factors analysis method. The mode of finite element analysis and factors analysis method on were applied for reinforced building foundation and referred to other application of concrete filled steel tubular.
Analysis of axial compression performance of steel - foamed ceramsite concrete composite structure wallboard
Authors: Hong Cheng , Tian Zhixiang , Liu Kai , Tu Bin , Zhang Tianlin
Published: June 2022

Through the finite element analysis of the vertical axial load test of 9 self bearing and self insulation precast walls, the effects of the thickness of section steel, the strength of section steel, the strength of foamed ceramsite concrete, the layout of section steel and the thickness of foamed ceramsite plate on the failure mode, bearing capacity and overall stress of the wall plate are studied. The research shows that the strength of foamed ceramsite concrete is the main factor affecting the wall stress-strain curve, the layout form of section steel and wall thickness are important factors, and the change of section steel thickness and section steel strength has little effect on the stress-strain curve. The strength of foamed ceramsite concrete decreases by 30%, the wall bearing capacity decreases by 15%, and the wall deformation increases by three times. Therefore, quality management should be strengthened in the production process of foamed ceramsite concrete to prevent the strength decline of foamed ceramsite concrete due to production reasons; Foamed ceramsite concrete and section steel frame are constrained to form a stressed whole, and the ribbed section steel frame bears the main load, which provides a basis for subsequent experimental research and engineering design.