bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Salinity Levels of irrigation water and Mechanical Damage of Seeds on the Germination and Growth Characteristics of Seedlings of Two Varieties of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Yousif Muna A. , Hassan Nasseam .AH. , Abdul kareim Thaer T.
Published: March 2022

A factorial experiment with completely randomized design (CRD)with three replicates was carried out at agronomy laboratory of the Directorate of seed testing and certification / Branch of Salahaldeen to study the effect of salinity levels of irrigation water )0 ،1.75 and 2 Mm ) and grains affected by the use of mechanical seeds in seed germination and seedling growth for two varieties of wheat bread(IPA99 and Sham 6). The characteristics of germination percentage، speed germination، length of plumule and radical، pure live seed percentage and seed vigor studied. The observed results are as follows :Significant differences are found between cultivars. (IPA99) cultivar gave the highest tolerance to water salinity and seed fracture. However، salinity levels and seed fracture caused a significant decrease in all features. As for interactions، cultivars and seed mechanical damage interactions were significant in all characteristics. While the interactions of varieties and levels of salinity were significant in the characteristics of the speed of germination and length of plumule . Interactions of salinity levels and seed mechanical damage did not reach the significant limit except for the characteristic of the plumule’s length, which reached the highest value at 7.697 cm. At the same time, the triple interactions (cultivars، seed mechanical damage and levels of salinity) were significant except for both germination percentage and pure live seed percentage. The best triple interaction was (IPA99) with 1.75 Mm and undamaged seed, which gave the best values in: germination percentage، length of plumule and radical، pure live seed percentage and seed vigor. The values of the above were as follows: 98.67%، 8.707 cm، 10.01 cm، 94.72، 18.45 respectively.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PROBLEM SOLVING MATEMATIK MELALUI PENDEKATAN KONTEKSTUAL PADA SISWA
Authors: Dusalan Dusalan
Published: March 2022

Seiring perkembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi (IPTEK) semakin pesat, maka Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan kemudian melaksanakan dan menyempurnakan Kurikulum (K-13) untuk dilaksanakan pada sekolah-sekolah walaupun pada kenyataannya masih banyak sekolah yang menemukan hambatan dalam penerapan Kurikulum 2013. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan di SMP Negeri 5 Wera yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan problem solving matematika melalui pendekatan kontekstual. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas VII1 SMP Negeri 5 Wera pada Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022yang berjumlah 30 orang. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes hasil belajar dengan kemampuan problem solving dan lembar observasi. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil yang diperoleh setelah diberikan tindakan yaitu: (1) Pada Siklus I, diperoleh skor rata-rata kemampuan problem solving matematika siswa adalah sebesar 66,67 dengan standar deviasi 18,189 dari skor ideal 100 dan berada pada kategori tinggi, (2) Pada Siklus II, diperoleh skor rata-rata kemampuan problem solving matematika siswa adalah sebesar 70,57 dengan standar deviasi 16,968 dari skor ideal 100 dan berada pada kategori tinggi. Peningkatan rata-rata dari Siklus I ke Siklus II menandakan adanya peningkatan kemampuan problem solving matematika siswa, (3) Jumlah siswa yang tuntas secara individu pada Siklus I sebanyak 17 orang siswa (56,67%) dan pada Siklus II meningkat menjadi 21 orang siswa (70,00%), dan (4). Sikap siswa terhadap pembelajaran matematika yang dilakukan cenderung mengalami perubahan ke arah yang lebih baik. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan kemampuan problem solving matematika pada siswa Kelas VII1 SMP Negeri 5 Wera setelah dilakukan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan kontekstual.
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN DARING DI MASA PANDEMI TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN SOSIAL ANAK KELAS 6 SD
Authors: Putri Isa Salsha Fairuz , Lestari Triana
Published: March 2022

Perkembangan sosial adalah pencapaian kematangan dalam hubungan sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh atau dampak pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi terhadap perkembangan sosial anak kelas 6 SD. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif-deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dan dilakukan oleh peneliti dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara dan data dianalisis menggunakan tematik. Pembatasan interaksi sosial selama pandemi telah membatasi ruang sosial anak-anak, dan mereka tidak dapat meninggalkan rumah, serta bermain bebas dengan teman sebayanya. Pembatasan interaksi sosial anak akan memengaruhi perkembangan sosial anak. Perkembangan sosial yaitu hasil dari hubungan sosial yang matang, juga dapat dipahami sebagai proses pembelajaran norma, etika, dan tradisi, yaitu menyatukan diri menjadi satu kesatuan yang saling tukar menukar dan bekerjasama. Hal tersebut akan berdampak pada keadaan psikologis anak, membuatnya tidak terbiasa dengan lingkungan sosialnya di kemudian hari dan tidak mau berinteraksi dengan orang lain. Perkembangan sosial seorang anak akan memberi pengaruh terhadap cara anak bersosialisasi dengan lungkungannya serta manfaat yang dapat dihasilkan dari sosialisasi tersebut. Pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi memberikan pengaruh terhadap perkembangan sosial anak jenjang sekolah dasar khususnya kelas 6 SD. Hasil dari penelitian yanng telah dilakukan memberi gambaran yakni pembelajaran daring berpengaruh bagi perkembangan sosial seorang anak.
Comparison Single Embryo Transfer (SET) and Fetal Reduction (Three to One) Outcomes of Pregnant Women After Fetal Reduction
Authors:   hin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Fang Yue-Lin , Yang I-Fang , Li Wei-Jiun , Huang Lee-Wen , Hun-Shan Jier-Zen Chang , Pan Pan Kenneth , Pan Cristiana , Lu Li-Che , Cheng Yi-Ho
Published: March 2022

1. Background and Purpose Compared with multiple births, single embryo transfer pregnancies are not as high as risk of significant child morbidity, particularly cerebral palsy, after high-order fetal reduction. This is termed the vanishing-twin syndrome, and is an important etiology of cerebral palsy. Antenatal corticosteroid therapy (CCT) is widely used during preterm labor to enhance lung maturity, the use of dexamethasone, however, increase the risk for detrimental long-term neurodevelopmental effects. Thus, in this study we assess the effect of CCT on neurological disability and congenital abnormality in SET and control group after fetal reduction and over 2 years of age. 2. Methods The CCT (38 sets of SET) and control (56 sets) groups were compared for the incidences of cerebral palsy and congenital abnormalities, as well as mean birth weight, maternal age, and mean gestational age at delivery and at fetal reduction using records from Shin-Kong Memorial Hospital for the period 2008-2017. 3. Results There were 94 quadruplet-reduced sets of SET in our study. All of these SET were alive and aged over 2 years at the time of this writing. The gestational age at the time of delivery was 39+-2.4 weeks for the SET group vs. 36 ± 2.9 weeks for the controls, with mean birth weights of 2798 ± 555g vs. 2685 ± 519g, respectively (p<0.01). All 94 sets of twins were delivered by cesarean section, with only 1 case of cerebral palsy in Control group, while the others had developed normally by the age of 2 years. Only mean birth weight and gestational age at delivery showed significant differences in comparisons of the 2 groups of twins. 4. Conclusion The reasons why IVF treatment sometimes results in twin or triplet births – even though only one embryo is used – have been found by the largest study to date on single embryo transfer (SET) and multiple pregnancy. However, despite performing SET, multiple pregnancies do happen due to a phenomenon known as ‘zygotic splitting’, when one embryo divides resulting in twins or triplets. It is more prevalent following SET than in spontaneous conception.
Role of Procalcitonin in the Early Detection of Anastomotic Leaks After Esophagectomy
Authors:   101 Old Short Hills Road Ste. 302, West Orange, NJ 07052, Sesti Joanna
Published: March 2022

1.1. Background: Anastomotic leaks are devastating complications after esophagectomy, and early diagnosis is crucial. We sought to assess the association between procalcitonin levels and anastomotic leaks in post esophagectomy patients. 1.2. Methods: Procalcitonin (PCT) levels were prospectively collected on patients undergoing esophagectomy within our hospital system between postoperative days 1 and 11. All patients were evaluated for an anastomotic leak between postoperative day 4 and 9. The sensitivity, specificity, negative, and positive predictive values based on procalcitonin level were calculated. 1.3. Results: A total of 30 esophagectomies were performed between August 2016 and June 2019. Anastomotic leaks were radiographically confirmed in five patients. ROC analysissuggested a procalcitonin cut-off level of ≤0.335 ng/mL, which resulted in a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 68%, positive predictive value of 33%, and negative predictive value of 94%. In subset analysis of 8 patients with leukocytosis and fever, a procalcitonin level of ≤0.335 ng/mL had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 50%, positive predictive value of 40%, and negative predictive value of 100%. 1.4. Conclusion: Our analysisshowsthat a procalcitonin level ≤0.335 ng/ mL has a high negative predictive value in post esophagectomy patients even in the setting of fever and leukocytosis. Page -01 World Journal of Clinical Surgery Open Access Abbreviations: AL - Anastomotic Leak; CT - Computer Tomography; EGD - Esophago-Gastro-Duodenoscopy; F - Fahrenheit; NPV - Negative predictive value; PCT – Procalcitonin; PPV - Positive Predictive Value; WBC - White blood cell
The Use of Integrating SQ3R Technique and Quizizz Application to Improve Students’ Reading Achievement
Authors: Susanto Ewo Priyo
Published: March 2022

The present study assessed and compared two diﬀerent techniques for improving students reading achievement. Integrating SQ3R and Quiziz was compared to conventional SQ3R. Thirty one students of second grade SMA IT SMART INSANI participated in this study as experimental and control class. The instrument used in this study was reading test. The data of the research were collected through pre-test and post-test.
The result showed that the integration of SQ3R and Quizizz in experimental class and conventional SQ3R in control class improved all the aspects of reading. The highest improve occurred in the aspects of identifying specific information and determining inference in experimental class and determining main idea aspect in control class. In general, the integration of SQ3R and Quizizz in experimental class gives better improvement in students reading achievement than conventional SQ3R. However, it was found that the significance level (2-tailed) was 0.126 higher than 0.05 that indicates there was no significant difference of students’ reading achievement between experimental class and control class.
Based on the result of the study, it can be concluded that the implementation of Integrating SQ3R and Quizizz was better than conventional SQ3R to improve students reading achievement. The use of integration SQ3R and Quizizz significantly promoted students reading achievement.

Keywords: SQ3R technique, Quizizz application, reading achievement.
Monoclonal Antibody Therapy: Breakthrough in Migraine Preventive Therapy
Authors: Adnyana I Made Oka , Yaputra Faldi
Published: March 2022

Preventive medicine is appropriate for the majority of patients, including migraine patients, since migraine is considered a chronic condition that causes debilitating headaches that impair quality of life. Oral migraine preventive medications are available, but their use is restricted owing to their side effects and the fact that they are not specifically intended for migraine prevention. The currently available monoclonal antibodies (all have been approved by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA)) were developed specifically for the prevention of migraine and specifically targeted the CGRP peptide, which plays a critical role in the migraine mechanism. Thus, we discussed the breakthrough in migraine prevention in this article, with a particular emphasis on the role of monoclonal antibodies.

Keywords: migraine prevention, monoclonal antibodies, CGRP.
Study of Association of Serum Uric Acid Level with Severity of Essential Hypertension
Authors: Moorthy S. , Premkumar G.
Published: March 2022

Hypertension is one of the leading causes of the global burden of disease. Hyperuricemia is present in 25-50% of individuals with untreated primary hypertension, about 5 times the frequency found in normotensive persons. Raised serum uric acid concentrations in the blood are commonly encountered in essential hypertension. The hyperuricemia observed in untreated hypertension may reflect the decrease in renal blood flow and early hypertensive nephrosclerosis. Hence it is important to associate the serum uric acid level and the severity of hypertension and to find whether serum uric acid can be used as a useful tool to assess the severity of hypertension.

Keywords: Hypertension, Serum Uric Acid.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Complementary Therapy on Management of Hypertension among Hypertensive Patients Attending to Shirur Primary Health Centre Bagalkot District
Authors: Kudari Vinod M , Kugali Shilpa N , Natekar Deelip S
Published: March 2022

Background of the Study: Hypertension is a cardiovascular disorder in which a person having high blood pressure over time. Those who are new to illness deal with fear, sorrow, and also lack of knowledge of the family members leads to more complications like recurrence. A study to assess the effectiveness of Structure Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding complementary therapy on management of hypertension among hypertensive patients attending to shirur primary health center Bagalkot district.
Objectives:

A study to assess the Knowledge regarding complementary therapy on management of hypertension among hypertensive patient.
To assess the effectiveness of Structure Teaching Programme regarding complementary therapy on hypertension among hypertensive patients
To find out the association between post test knowledge score with selected socio-demographic variables.
Methodology: The pre-experimental one group pre test post test design was adopted for the present study. The sample for the present study includes 40 people from selected primary health centre shirur at Bagalkot District using simple random sampling technique. The data collected using structure close ended questionnaire and data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The levels of knowledge regarding complementary therapy on management of hypertension among hypertensive patients. Reveals that, most of pre test people (92.5%) had average knowledge (7.5%) them had poor knowledge. Whereas in post test majority people (67.5) of the people had good knowledge level (32.5%) of them had very good knowledge
Similarly significant association was found between knowledge of hypertensive patients and demographic variables like gender (c2=1.11; p<0.05) education (c2=5.19; p<0.05) occupation (c2=3.56; p<0.05) types of family (c2=0.80; p<0.05).
Conclusion: Findings show that, there is significant difference in knowledge of management of hypertension among hypertensive patients. Thus it is concluded that structure teaching programme should be administered to the hypertensive patients enhance knowledge regarding management of hypertension.
Keywords: Hypertension, Knowledge, Structure Teaching Programme.
The Deaf Students’ in Writing English Text by Using Recount Text
Authors: Tarigan Sri Ninta
Published: March 2022

The problem of this study is how Recount Text application in writing English text was and what the obstacle was. The purpose of this research is to find how Recount Text application in writing in English was and to find out what the obstacles was. The method used in this research was qualitative method in the form of case studies. The population was students of SLB Taman Pendidikan Islam. The number of students consists of 7 students and the whole will be sampled in the study. The conclusion of this research was found that recount text need more practice. It means that the application of recount text was not implicate well in Extraordinary School (SLB) Taman Perguruan Islam Medan. Teacher should be given many vocabularies. Vocabularies were the important things in writing text. How students able write well if they did not have vocabulary references. The solution of this problem was deaf students should be given short story so they can not only enjoy the story but also have many vocabulary references. The location of this research was in the Disable School (SLB) ABC Taman Pendidikan Islam (TPI) which was located at Jl. Sm. Raja Km. 7 no.5 Harjosari Medan. The conclusion of this research was found that recount text need more practice. It means that the application of recount text was not implicate well in Extraordinary School (SLB) Taman Perguruan Islam Medan.
Keywords: writing achievement, recount text, kids with special needs
The Students’ Ability in Expressing Gratitudeand Appreciation by Using Think Pair Share Strategy at Sixth Grade Students of SD Yabes School Medan
Authors: Saragih Marice , Tampubolon Jonris
Published: March 2022

The objectives of this research are to find out the students ability in expressing gratitude and appreciation by using Think-Pair-Share Strategy and to find out the achievement levels of the students ability in expressing gratitude and appreciation by using think pair share strategy at the sixth grade students of SD Yabes School. The good teacher is able to find the good strategy in the teaching and learning process so that the students will interest to study English. One of strategy used in teaching speaking ability in express gratitude and appreciation is Think-Pair-Share Strategy. The population of this study was all of the sixth grade students of SD Yabes School which consist of 30 students, all the population used as the sample so that the sample consist of 30 students.This study use quantitative research using an experimental design and control design, the examiner intentionally revised appearance of the difference and then it was examined how the result was. This research required two groups of student namely experimental group and control group. experimental group was treated with Think-Pair-Share Strategy during speaking. where as control group was treated without Think-Pair-Share. From the total score pre test of the experimental class (1.600) and the total score pre test of the control class (1.360) can be concluded that the achievement of both group was the same. After getting the treatment (Thik-Pair-Share), the total score post-test of the experimental (2.337) was higher than the total score post-test of the control class (1.686) which did not get the treatment. It can be said that teaching Think-Pair-Share gave positive effect on the students, speaking achievement in expressing gratitude and appreciation
Key Words : Gratitude and Appreciation, Think-Pair-Share Strategy
Implementation of Collaborative, Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR) to Reduce the Bullwhip Effect in MSME Sate Madura Cak Kholil
Authors: Sjurahudin Hamidi , Vikaliana Resista
Published: March 2022

The aims of this study are: (1) to identify and analyze the estimated demand for chicken and goat satay products in the MSME of Sate Madura Cak Kholil; and (2) to find out the stock safety to overcome the surge in product demand at the MSME of Sate Madura Cak Kholil. The research method used is a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The sample was determined based on a non-probability sampling technique using the purposive sampling method. The data used in this study included primary data and secondary data, namely data on supply and demand for the MSME of Sate Madura Cak Kholil. The results of the study indicate that the application of collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenish menthasan effect on reducing the bullwhip effect in the MSME of Sate Madura Cak Kholil.
The Challenges of the Digital Divide in the Online Learning Process During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Gemiharto Ilham , Priyadarshani H.E. Niluka
Published: March 2022

The digital divide is one of the problems faced by the government since the COVID-19 pandemic occurred. All face-to-face activities in all development sectors are transferred online. The unpreparedness of communication technology infrastructure in Indonesia is one of the obstacles to online learning activities that require a stable internet connection, even in urban areas that already have communication infrastructure with 5G networks. However, it turns out that the problem is not only with infrastructure, what is more important than that is the opportunity and ability of the community to use communication technology. In this study, researchers limit research to only discussing the challenges of the digital divide in the online learning process during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia with research locations in three districts in West Java in 2020-2021. This research uses a qualitative approach, an exploratory paradigm, in a case study perspective. The data collection process was carried out under natural conditions in the form of observation, in-depth interviews and documentation studies. This study concludes that collaboration between government officials and the community has a positive impact on people's opportunities to carry out online learning processes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The challenges of the digital divide faced during the digital learning process can be partially overcome by collaboration between the government, the community and the private sector, although the approach taken is different at each research location.
Observed changes in air temperature, urban – suburban temperature difference in the region of Sofia (Bulgaria)
Authors:   ", NIKOLOVA Nina ,   St. Kliment Ohridski",   University of Sofia, EVGENIEV Radoslav ,   National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology
Published: March 2022

Climate change and the impacts of anthropogenic activity on climate in Europe is documented in many scientific publications but the investigations about climate impact and particularly urban climate are relatively few for Bulgaria. The present paper investigates the variability of seasonal and annual air temperature in Sofia city and surrounding areas (towns Bankya and Bozhurishte) for the period 1961-2015 based on the linear regression method. In order to investigate the urban heat island (UHI) intensity, the air temperature difference between the city and its surroundings is calculated. The study shows increase of air temperature difference between the city and suburban territories during the recent years. The linkages between the observed variability of air temperature difference and atmospheric circulation and urbanization are investigated.
In search of the last beasts of the animal kingdom. A study based on Geography and handmade drawings
Authors:   Faculty of Geography, Doctoral School Simion Mehedinți, University of Bucharest, Bd. N. Bălcescu, 1, 010041, Bucharest, Romania, MUSTĂȚEA Mihai
Published: March 2022

Large and powerful animals represent a source of fear and fascination for humans and influence the evolution of culture, civilization and science. Although the maximum size reached by such beasts has been the subject of intense controversy, little scientific interest has been given to distinguish reality from fiction. Therefore, the goal of our study was to identify the largest specimens of the contemporary mega fauna. In order to do so, we have a) selected the most representative species and identified the largest specimens through a scientific literature synthesis, b) reconstructed their distinctive physical features through detailed handmade drawings, and c) analyzed their location in relation to the distribution of reserves and intact ecosystems. Our results indicate that the maximum size reached by large water predators, such as sharks and crocodiles, has been much more documented compared to large land carnivores and herbivores. Almost all of the exceptionally large specimens identified were located in protected areas. In several cases, such as the Indian elephant (Elephas maximus) and the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), the largest individuals have been identified in the last couple of decades. The results represent a true statement concerning the importance of preserving mega fauna species, and reveal that, despite increasing human population and pressure over the natural environment, the beast of the animal world can still survive in modern times, due to the conservation of large wild habitats through networks of protected areas.
Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Siswa Tentang Penyakit HIV/AIDS
Authors: Jamini Theresia
Published: March 2022

Remaja (adolescent) adalah periode terpenting dalam tahapan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan manusia. Periode remaja sangat penting karena menjadi jembatan antara masa kanak-kanak yang bebas menuju masa dewasa yang menuntut tanggung jawab. Permasalahan dalam kehidupan remaja yang berkaitan dengan HIV AIDS salah satunya disebabkan oleh rendahnya pengetahuan remaja tentang HIV AIDS. Remaja yang tidak memiliki pengetahuan tidak bisa memahami perilaku beresiko yang dapat meningkatkan kemungkinan infeksi HIV AIDS.  Informasi dan pengetahuan tentang HIV AIDS sangat penting untuk menunjang pemahaman remaja dalam berperilaku. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi pengetahuan adalah faktor lingkungan dan sumber informasi. Faktor lingkungan merupakan faktor yang sangat penting dalam mendapatkan informasi dan pengetahuan, mengingat seseorang akan terus berinteraksi dalam lingkungannya kapan  saja dan dimana saja baik di lingkungan keluarga, lingkungan sekolah, dan lingkungan masyarakat. Begitu halnya dengan sumber informasi yakni media massa yang dapat memberikan pengaruh besar khususnya dalam memperoleh pengetahuan baik dari media  cetak maupun dari media elektronik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana gambaran tingkat pengetahuan siswa tentang penyakit HIV/AIDS di SMKN 2 Tamiang Layang, Kalimantan Tengah. Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan tehnik total sampling sebanyak 45 responden. Instrumen untuk pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner yang di kelompokkan dalam lima indikator tentang penyakit HIV/AIDS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa responden memiliki pengetahuan baik sebanyak 35,6%, Pengetahuan cukup sebanyak 62,2% dan pengetahuan kurang sebanyak 2,2%. Sebagai kesimpulan bahwa pengetahuan tentang penyakit HIV/AIDS di SMKN 2 Tamiang Layang sebagian besar berpengetahuan cukup
Fuzzy C means Based Evaluation Algorithms For Cancer Gene Expression Data Clustering
Authors: Al-Janabee Omar , Al-Sarray Basad
Published: March 2022

The influx of data in bioinformatics is primarily in the form of DNA, RNA, and protein sequences. This condition places a significant burden on scientists and computers. Some genomics studies depend on clustering techniques to group similarly expressed genes into one cluster. Clustering is a type of unsupervised learning that can be used to divide unknown cluster data into clusters. The k-means and fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithms are examples of algorithms that can be used for clustering. Consequently, clustering is a common approach that divides an input space into several homogeneous zones; it can be achieved using a variety of algorithms. This study used three models to cluster a brain tumor dataset. The first model uses FCM, which is used to cluster genes. FCM allows an object to belong to two or more clusters with a membership grade between zero and one and the sum of belonging to all clusters of each gene is equal to one. This paradigm is useful when dealing with microarray data. The total time required to implement the first model is 22.2589 s. The second model combines FCM and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to obtain better results. The hybrid algorithm, i.e., FCM–PSO, uses the DB index as objective function. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid FCM–PSO method is effective. The total time of implementation of this model is 89.6087 s. The third model combines FCM with a genetic algorithm (GA) to obtain better results. This hybrid algorithm also uses the DB index as objective function. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid FCM–GA method is effective. Its total time of implementation is 50.8021 s. In addition, this study uses cluster validity indexes to determine the best partitioning for the underlying data. Internal validity indexes include the Jaccard, Davies Bouldin, Dunn, Xie–Beni, and silhouette. Meanwhile, external validity indexes include Minkowski, adjusted Rand, and percentage of correctly categorized pairings. Experiments conducted on brain tumor gene expression data demonstrate that the techniques used in this study outperform traditional models in terms of stability and biological significance.
Gradient Techniques To Predict Distributed Denial-Of-Service Attack
Authors: Qamar Roheen
Published: March 2022

A distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack attempts to prevent people from accessing a server. A
website may become inaccessible due to a DDoS attack because the server is inundated with fake requests and cannot handle real ones. A DDoS attack affects a large number of computers. Attackers employ a zombie network, which is a collection of infected machines on which the attacker has hidden the denial-of-service attacking application to carry out a DDoS attack. The MATLAB 2018a simulator was used in this study for training. Additionally, during design, the knowledge discovery dataset (KDD) was cleaned and the values of attacks were incorporated. A neural network model was subsequently developed, and the KDD was trained using a recursive artificial neural network. This network was developed using five distinct training algorithms: 1) Fletcher–Powell conjugate gradient, 2) Polak–Ribiére conjugate gradient of, 3) resilient backpropagation, 4) gradient conjugation with Powell/Beale restarts, and 5) gradient descent algorithm with variable learning rate. The artificial neural network toolset in MATLAB was used to investigate the detection of DDoS attacks. The conjugate gradient with Powell/Beale restart algorithm had a success rate of 99.9% and a training time of 00:53. This inquiry uses the KDD-CUP99 dataset. Has a better level of accuracy, according to the results
School-based Training for Novice Teachers in Vocational Colleges
Authors: LUO Qi
Published: March 2022

With the development of the new era, Chinese society needs more high-quality workers, and puts forward new requirements for the high-quality development of vocational education. In order to ensure the sound development of vocational education, the key is to improve the professional level of teachers in Vocational Colleges through school-based training, especially school-based training for novice teachers from the aspects of teachers' morality, theoretical teaching, practical teaching and so on.
Responses of the Internal and External Economic Conditions to Exchange Rate Regimes in Nigeria: The Comparative Analysis
Authors: Deekor Lee Lee N.
Published: March 2022

Exploring the ARDL modeling techniques, this study hypothesized that the internal and external economic conditions respond differently to exchange rate regimes. Covering the period between 1970 and 2020, the study shows that both fixed regime and intermediate regimes have the potential of causing declining inflation (INFL) compared to floating exchange rate regimes. However, when the economic condition is considered from the external perspective measures using trade balance, the magnitude of the impact of both fixed and intermediate regimes appears to be relatively higher for the external economic condition (trade balance) compared to inflation which is a measure for internal economic condition. More importantly, our findings tend to find support in a number of the previous studies.
دور منهاج الخدمة الاجتماعية في الإعداد المهني للأخصائي الاجتماعي : دراسة تطبيقية على خريجات قسم الخدمة الاجتماعية بجامعة أم درمان الإسلامية للعام 2001-2002 م
Authors: هاجر علي محمد بخيت
Published: March 2022

دور منهاج الخدمة الاجتماعية في الإعداد المهني للأخصائي الاجتماعي : دراسة تطبيقية على خريجات قسم الخدمة الاجتماعية بجامعة أم درمان الإسلامية للعام 2001-2002 م

The main concern of this study was either to prove or reject the research’s hypothesis which ywas to find out whether the curriculum applied at the Department of Social Work, Omdurman Islamic University, has a direct cotribution in the preparation of ftifriale students to act as social workers in the future.

The researcher used the empirical method together! with the case study and applied the curriculum on 1st year students of SocialWork Department .However,it was the first group to graduate at this Department.

Since being interviewed for the first time on joining university, the students were under focus and various changes were noted as the students pass from one year to another.

The students’ course of study during the four years was as follows:- 1 -1998-1999 students were at the first year.

2-1999-2000 students were at the second year.

3- 2000-2001 student were at the third year.

4- 2001-2002 students were at the fourth year.; Each year students became more enthusiastic and satisfiecj to pursue their studies in this field.Thus,fourth year students had the opportunity to act the role of social workers at Alkirayab village.

Significantly, the hypothesis was proved to be true.The curriculum applied at Social Work Department has a direct contribution j in preparing the students to act as social workers
Tamagotchi Augmented Reality yang Dilengkapi dengan Mini Games
Authors: Armanto Hendrawan , Sidharta Edwin
Published: March 2022

Pada saat ini, teknologi mobile telah berkembang dengan pesat. Dalam kesehariannya, manusia tidak dapat lepas dari handphone. Hal ini menyebabkan munculnya berbagai aplikasi dan game yang bertujuan tentu saja untuk membantu ataupun memberikan kesenangan kepada penggunanya. Saat ini perkembangan game, juga sangat pesat dan telah mencapai titik dimana berbagai jenis game dikembangkan. Tidak hanya berhenti pada perkembangan jenis game, bahkan cara bermain dari game itu sendiri juga ikut berkembang. Yang dulunya permainan mobile dilakukan secara virtual, saat ini permainan sudah menyentuh area Augmented Reality (AR) dimana pemain dapat melihat benda-benda tidak nyata (buatan) dalam dunia nyata (dunia manusia). Walaupun permainan AR semakin berkembang, tetapi masih sedikit permainan AR bergenre Virtual Pet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Permainan Virtual Pet dan mengukur tingkat kesenangan dalam memainkan permainan ini. Permainan dikembangkan dengan menggunakan Unity Game Engine dengan bantuan package AR Foundation dan penyimpanan data pada Firebase. Ujicoba akan dilakukan kepada 40 orang (pria dan wanita) pemain game yang pernah bermain virtual pet sebelumnya. Hasil akhir ujicoba menunjukan bahwa dalam segi teknis permainan berjalan dengan baik dan disukai oleh pemain akan tetapi ada sebagian pemain yang tingkat kesenangannya rendah cenderung menengah hal ini dikarenakan gambar monster yang digunakan kurang menarik dan kurangnya fitur terkait monster itu sendiri.
Sentiment Classification untuk Opini Berita SepakBola
Authors: Setyaningsih Eka Rahayu
Published: March 2022

Pada penelitian ini akan dibahas mengenai sebuah aplikasi yang dibuat secara khusus untuk mengkategorikan opini masyarakat terhadap sebuah berita Sepak Bola. Opini yang diolah diperoleh dari dua sumber, yaitu melalui hasil crawl situs berita olah raga dan opini yang ditambahkan oleh user sendiri pada aplikasi ini. Opini yang ada nantinya akan disajikan secara terpisah menurut kelompoknya; sentiment positive, negative, maupun netral. Proses klasifikasinya sendiri terdiri dari dua tahap. Tahap pertama adalah proses preprocessing yang terdiri atas proses tokenisasi, normalisasi, case folding, stop word removing, common word removing, stemming. Tahap kedua adalah mengklasifikasikan opini-opini tersebut dengan algoritma Baseline, dan Naive Bayes. Opini yang digunakan untuk proses klasifikasi yaitu opini yang menggunakan bahasa Inggris dari situs fifa.com dan goal.com. Dari perhitungan macroaveraged untuk setiap kelas, didapatkan akurasi 93,06%, presisi 81,90%, dan recall 92,67% untuk kelas sentiment positive. Dari perhitungan kelas sentiment negative didapatkan akurasi 87,73%, presisi 96,29%, dan recall 83,63%. Dari perhitungan kelas sentiment netral didapatkan akurasi 92,26%, presisi 64,44%, dan recall 90,37%. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh saat penelitian ini dari awal hingga akhir adalah, proses crawling yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan berita dan komentar berita sangat membantu dalam penambahan konten website, tetapi banyak sekali komentar berita yang diperoleh kurang cocok untuk proses klasifikasi.
CULTIVO E ETNOFARMACOLOGIA DA CURCUMA LONGA L.: UMA REVISÃO
Authors: Lorencete Milena da Silva , Donadel Guilherme , Dalmagro Mariana , Pinc Mariana Moraes , Stecanella Alyne Fernanda Leuch de Souza , Perfeito Heris Lorenzi dos Santos , Almeida Maxsuel Fidelis , Alberton Odair
Published: March 2022

A cúrcuma (Curcuma longa L.) ou também conhecida como açafrão, açafrão-da-Índia ou gengibre - amarelo é uma pequena erva aromática, de origem asiática muito cultivada nos países tropicais como planta medicinal ou condimentar. Faz baixar o teor de gordura no sangue e é indicada para o tratamento de dificuldade de digestão e dores resultantes de inflamações reumáticas. Esta revisão bibliográfica tem como objetivo descrever as propriedades medicinais da cúrcuma. Consumido principalmente na forma de pó seco, utilizado para coloração alimentícia devido à sua forte coloração amarela, associada aos efeitos terapêuticos e dietéticos os pigmentos responsáveis por essa coloração forte, pertencem à classe dos diferuloilmetano, representados pela curcumina, se tornando bastante utilizada como corante. Estudos indicaram que a curcumina apresenta efeitos neuroprotetores, prevenindo a inflamação e o dano oxidativo. Com a referente pesquisa, permitiu-se constatar a importância da e seu grande potencial de utilização, contendo, principalmente, efeito anti-inflamatório e provável efeito neuroprotetor com potencial para o desenvolvimento de medicamentos.
AVALIAÇÃO FARMACOGNÓSTICA DA DROGA VEGETAL CIPÓ-PRATA (Banisteriopsis gardneriana [A. JUSS.] W. R. ANDERSON & B. GATES)
Authors: Scheffler Adrieli Valdira , Marques Luis Carlos , Araújo Josiane Silva
Published: March 2022

A utilização da cultura popular em forma de fitoterapia, promove o comércio de várias drogas vegetais no Brasil, um desses conhecimentos culturais se refere ao popularmente denominado cipóprata, envolvendo folhas de várias espécies do gênero Banisteriopsis, da família Malpighiaceae. O uso popular do cipó-prata se refere às raízes como anti-inflamatórias, para hemorragias ovarianas, nefrites e blenorréias, e os ramos com folhas e flores para problemas renais, cálculos dos rins e como diuréticos. Macroscopicamente suas folhas apresentam consistência papirácea com coloração verde escuro na parte superior e na parte inferior prateada. Sua lâmina foliar possui contorno elíptico, ápice acuminado e a base arredondada e simétrica, a margem é lisa e levemente sinuosa, e sua nervação peninérvea. O seu pecíolo tem como aspecto geral curvo, com presença de um par de glândulas em sua base, caracterizadas como nectários extraflorais. Microscopicamente na epiderme inferior encontra-se tricomas tectores unicelulares de parede lisa, pontiagudos e espessos e tricomas em formato “rabo de baleia”, que lembra o formato de T. Na triagem fitoquímica encontrou-se a presença de alcaloides, flavonoides, mucilagens, saponinas e taninos do tipo condensado e indicativo para triterpenos. Obtiveram-se os valores de 2,5% de fenóis totais, 4,7% de flavonoides totais e 2,0% de saponinas. Na avaliação da atividade supressora de radicais livres encontrou-se a CE50=4,06 µg/mL e a cromatografia em camada delgada evidenciou duas manchas com Rfs calculados como sendo cerca de 0,5 e 0,9. Assim, os dados da presente análise caracterizam a droga vegetal como folhas de Banisteriopsis gardneriana.
CULTURA DA ACEROLA
Authors: Pacheco Jardel Luís Félix , Martins Rita de Cássia Souza , Araújo Jairton Fraga
Published: March 2022

A acerola é o fruto da aceroleira (Malpighia emarginata DC.) planta originária da América Central, que foi introduzida no Brasil por volta de 1950. A acerola é uma excelente fonte de vitaminas e minerais: • Vitamina C (ácido ascórbico), • Vitamina A; • Antocianina (pigmento de coloração vermelha). • Vitaminas do complexo B: Tiamina (B1), riboflavina (B2) e niacina (B3). Fonte: Istockphoto, 2021 • Minerais: Cálcio (Ca), ferro (Fe), Magnésio (Mg), Potássio (k) e fósforo (P).
CULTURA DA COCO
Authors: Santos Claudilson Souza dos , Aroucha Edvalda Pereira Torres Lins , Araújo Jairton Fraga
Published: March 2022

O cultivo do coco anão (Cocos nucífera L.) coloca a Bahia no topo do ranking enquanto o estado com maior área e volume de produção no Brasil, com registro de mais de dez mil estabelecimentos (IBGE, 2017). A região do Submédio São Francisco, tem grande participação da produção da Bahia, sendo os municípios de Juazeiro e Rodelas os primeiros colocados, cujo escoamento alcança as principais cidades do Brasil, principalmente no sudeste e sul do país. A maior parte da comercialização do coco da região, se dá com o produto in natura, com extração da água do coco, principal derivado explorado pelos produtores, os quais enfrentam grandes desafios nesse processo: preços, vulnerabilidade na comercialização, alto custo do transporte e do acondicionamento da carga, principalmente por conta da distância do mercado consumidor. Todavia, o coco seco tem outras potencialidades de comercialização com outros subprodutos, inclusive para o mercado exterior: coco-ralado, óleo de coco e outros. Além dos entraves na comercialização em função dos preços, grande influência dos agentes intermediários, o coco verde ainda sofre com a sazonalidade do consumo, em função das mudanças das estações, registrando queda principalmente no inverno, situação que torna a cultura ainda mais vulnerável. Portanto, com todos estes aspectos, torna-se cada vez mais urgente uma melhor organização dos produtores, a exemplo das cooperativas, e de políticas públicas que possam minimizar os desafios em explorar essa cultura.
CULTURA DA UVA
Authors: Santos Joseilde Amaro dos , Silva Sibery dos Anjos Barros e , Araújo Jairton Fraga
Published: March 2022

Na região do Submédio do Vale do São Francisco, a introdução da videira teve lugar no início da década de 30 com cultivos em sistemas de “latadas”, plantados nos quintais ou jardins de alguns estabelecimentos oficiais e em algumas roças particulares nas margens do Rio. (GOES; ALBUQUERQUE,1987). Em 1960, o semiárido com escassez de chuva, clima quente e seco, mostrou que seu terreno é fértil. Após a percepção dos fatores climáticos adversos e da possibilidade de cultivo pela fertilidade da terra, foram iniciados os investimentos dos órgãos de pesquisa com a instalação de duas estações experimentais, nos municípios de Petrolina - PE, e Juazeiro - BA, onde seriam implantados, respectivamente, o Projeto Piloto de Bebedouro e o Perímetro Irrigado de Mandacaru. Nessa mesma época iniciou a produção de uvas no Submédio do Vale do São Francisco com novas orientações de cultivo, com cultivares de uvas finas tradicionais, com sementes, Red Globe, Itália e Benitaka; e sem sementes, Thompson, Crimson e Superior (CAMARGO et al., 2011). Embora os sistemas de produção das cultivares sem sementes tenham passado por grandes avanços, a produtividade alcançada ainda é baixa e com elevado custo de produção (MAIA, RITSCHEL, LAZZAROTTO, 2018), intensificando assim o ciclo produtivo da uva, tornando a região um dos maiores polos frutíferos brasileiros.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DIOCTAHEDRAL TWO-LAYER CLAY MINERALS
Authors:   Moscow State University, Samarin E.N.
Published: March 2022

The article shows that the variations in the chemical composition of kaolinite recorded during the analytical determination of individual oxides may be due to different reasons Among them, the following should be noted: isomorphic substitutions, crystal structure features and adsorption of amorphous oxides and hydroxides of silicon, aluminum, iron, manganese, titanium on individual clay crystallites. Additional uncertainty in the analysis results is introduced by the methods of preparation of individual samples. The characteristic of the chemical composition of individual minerals of the kaolinite group from deposits developed on the territory of Russia is given.
PROBLEMS AND TASKS OF THEORETICAL SOIL SCIENCE
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Korolev V.A.
Published: March 2022

The article deals with the problems and tasks of a new section of Soil Science — Theoretical soil science. It is noted that Theoretical soil science is a section of soil science about the most general laws that mathematically describe the composition, structure, properties of soils and their formation, processes in them, as well as changes in soils under the influence of internal and external factors. It is shown that the main goal of Theoretical soil science is the study and mathematical description of the most general laws of the formation of the composition, structure and properties of soils, the laws of their change under the influence of internal factors and external influences, as well as the interaction between soils, represented in mathematical form. The main method of understanding Theoretical soil science is not empirical research methods, as in classical soil science, but the use of theoretical (primarily mathematical) models of phenomena in soil and their comparison with reality.
The Unsymmetrical Space Gravitation Scheme without Time Dimension and Concerning Phenomenon
Authors:   School of Environment Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300384, China, Jiao Gangzhen
Published: March 2022

Based on the symmetry and unification law, the equivalent interpretation of the relative space-time transformation and the view that time is the artificially defined standard scale, several most important problems were self consistently interpreted in this long paper. It was assumed that all beings, including the quantum field, matter with mass and energy including photon in the universe were composed of space unit (SU) in form of rings. On basis of this, an unsymmetrical space gravity field scheme without time dimension was created. In this theoretical framework and with the existence of entangle rings field around moving matters, constant velocity then is not only the feature of photon but the common phenomenon of all moving matters. That means quantum rings field would be generated by matters motion which is usually explained as equivalence of mass and energy. Thereafter, the unifying of locality and non-locality, the constant velocity of photon and the origin of dark matter could be answered self-consistently.
Relationship Between Regional Community Vulnerability and Climate Change
Authors:   Urban Environmental Planner, India, Kumar Palakodeti Anil
Published: March 2022

“thawing of permafrost, later freezing and earlier breaking-up of ice in rivers and lakes, pole-ward and attitudinal shifts in the range of variety of plants and flowers, earlier flowering of trees, the emergence of insects and egg-laying of birds…” (MacMichael, 2003, pg. 270). This is the present scenario with the proliferating changes across the world. The current paper presents the adaptive and mitigative measures to address these impact of climate change on the regions.