bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dark Fermentative Biohydrogen Production from Palm oil Mill Effluent: Operation Factors and Future Progress of Biohydrogen Energy
Authors: Rosman Fatin Sakinah , Yusoff Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd , Zakaria Mohd Rafein , Maeda Toshinari , Hassan Mohd Ali
Published: January 2021

Malaysia is one of the largest producers and exporters of palm oil, thus, a large amount of palm oil mill effluent (POME) is generated through this process. POME contributes to environmental pollution if it is not properly treated. This complex effluent consists of colloidal matters and mainly organic components with more than 90% water. Thus, it is useful to be used as a substrate for fermentative processes, including biohydrogen production. Biohydrogen from POME is a renewable source that can potentially serve as an alternative to substitute fossil fuels. The abundance of POME and the rising price of fossil fuels in the global market create a demand for this source of energy. However, the complexity of the substituents in POME makes the optimisation of this effluent as a substrate in dark fermentation a challenge. This review article explores the important parameters that need to be considered for optimal biohydrogen production, such as the bioreactor operational parameters and the microbial consortium. Besides, the potential of metabolic engineering as a tool to overcome the limitations of the microbial strains to metabolise POME for increased biohydrogen production was also reviewed. However, further research and development are needed to increase the biohydrogen yield on par with commercial demand.
Nutritional Characteristics of Biochar from Pineapple Leaf Residue and Sago Waste
Authors: Bohari Norshidawatie , Mohidin Hasmah , Idris Juferi , Andou Yoshito , Man Sulaiman , Saidan Hushairy , Mahdian Suraiya
Published: January 2021

Biochar produced from biomass with high nutrient content is essential for improving the quality of agricultural soils. An abundance of biomass is converted into biochar with high nutrient content, but studies on the conversion of pineapple and sago waste into biochar are still limited. This research aimed to produce biochar from pineapple leaf (PLB), sago bark (SBB), and sago pith (SPB) through the carbonization process with low temperature. The samples were carbonized using a laboratory electric oven at a low temperature of 350°C. The raw biomass and biochar produced were then subjected to elemental analysis and characterization. The mineral contents of carbonized biochar such as K, N, S, Mg, and Ca increased from those of the feedstock concentrations. For PLP, K element increased 24-fold from 2.44 ± 0.73% to 48.32 ± 9.92%, while N element increased from 6.13 ± 2.39% to 8.33 ± 5.34%. However, for both SBB and SPB, N and K nutrients increased by 2-fold. The study reveals that pineapple leaf biochar has the potentials to be used as an alternative soil amendment to elevate soil nutrient and quality.
MULTI-DEGREE SMOOTHER FOR LOW POWER TESTABLE DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN USING BS-LFSR AND SCAN-CHAIN ORDERING TECHNIQUES
Authors: SURYANARAYANA V. , MIRANJI K.
Published: January 2021

Testing of digital VLSI circuits entails many challenges as a consequence of rapid growth of semiconductor manufacturing technology and the unprecedented levels of design complexity and the gigahertz range of operating frequencies. These challenges include keeping the average and peak power dissipation and test application time within acceptable limits. This dissertation proposes techniques to addresses these challenges during test. The first proposed technique, called bit-swapping LFSR (BS-LFSR), uses new observations concerning the output sequence of an LFSR to design a low-transition test-pattern-generator (TPG) for test-per-clock built-in self-test (BIST) to achieve reduction in the overall switching activity in the circuit-under-test (CUT). The obtained results show up to 28% power reduction for the proposed design, and up-to 63% when it is combined with another established technique. The proposed BS-LFSR is then extended for use in test-per-scantest vectors show up to 60%reduction in average power consumption. The BS-LFSR is then extended further to act as a multi-degree smoother for test patterns generated by conventional LFSRs before applying them to the CUT. Experimental results show up to 55% reduction in average power. Another technique that aims to reduce peak power in scan-based BIST is presented. The new technique uses a two-phase scan-chain ordering algorithm to reduce average and peak power in scan and capture cycles. Experimental results show up to 65% and 55% reduction in average and peak power, respectively. Finally, a technique that aims to significantly increase the fault coverage in test-Per scan BIST, while keeping the test-application time short, is proposed. The results obtained show a significant improvement in fault coverage and test application time compared with other techniques.
AUTONOMOUS RECONFIGURATION OF IP CORE UNITS USING BLRB ALGORITHM
Authors: HARIKRISHNA B. , RAVI DR.S.
Published: January 2021

In commercial architectures, the routing consumes most of the chip area, and is responsible for most of the circuit delay. In this paper a new technique of reconfiguring FPGA circuits is proposed. The proposed technique uses BLRB approach for reconfiguring the FPGA. By this approach the routing path is less and the overall delay required to recover from fault is very less. Whenever any fault occurs the spare is selected in such way that whichever spare is nearer is chosen for reconfiguration. By selecting the nearest spare the routing path is decreased. In this method multiple faults are reconfigured at a time and the reconfigured bits are generated.
MINIATURE IMPROVED CARRY SELECT ADDER WITH ADVANCE FEATURES AND POWER REQUIREMENTS
Authors: NAIK D. KRISHNA , VIJAYALAKSHMI DR V.
Published: January 2021

In most of the data processing processors to perform arithmetic functions Carry Select Adder (CSLA) is used as this is one of the fastest adders. In order to increase the overall efficiency of the processor we can reduce the area and power consumption of the CSLA of processors. Based on this premise we can modify the regular SQRT CSLA architecture as 8-, 16-, 32-, and 64-b square-root CSLA (SQRT CSLA) architecture. The proposed design has reduced area and power as compared with the regular SQRT CSLA with only a slight increase in the delay. This work evaluates the performance of the proposed designs in terms of delay, area, power. The results analysis shows that the proposed CSLA structure is better than the regular SQRT CSLA.
CRBBE ALGORITHM FOR LOW POWER AND HIGH SPEED MULTIPLIER DESIGN
Authors: SANJEEVARAO K. , RAMKUMAR A.
Published: January 2021

With the advent of the VLSI technology, designers could design simple chips with the more number of transistors. multipliers have large area, long latency and consume considerable power. Reduction of power consumption makes a device reliable. and The use of redundant binary (RB) arithmetic in the design of high-speed digital multipliers is beneficial due to its high modularity and carry-free addition, a high-radix-modified booth encoding algorithm is desired. However its use is hampered by the complexity of generating the hard multiples and the overheads resulting from negative multiples and normal binary(NB) to RB conversion. This paper proposes new RB booth encoding scheme to circumvent these problems. The idea is to polarize two adjacent booth encoded digits to directly from an RB partial product to avoid the hard multiple of high-radix booth encoding without incurring any correction vector, and the algorithm achieved high speed compared to existing multiplication algorithms for a gamut of power –of-to word lengths up to 64 b.
IMPLEMENTATION OF MULTITRACK SIMULATOR IN FPGA FOR ESM SYSTEM
Authors: PRITHVI J. MOHAN , KUMAR D. AJAY
Published: January 2021

This project PDW Simulator aims at developing a simulator which can be used to test the processor in the absence of Receiver hardware. This simulates the 128 bit PDW along with the required control signals which will be generated by the receiver card ESM Processor. The 128 bit PD Word is organized as four 32 bit words. Two address bits are used to indicate the word address. A strobe is to be provided to indicate the presence of each word. The simulator is being planned to be developed using Xilinx ISE 10.1 and the simulated results are to be demonstrated on Modelsim simulator or on Xilinx simulator itself.
The Use of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lukban Marissa B. , Chua-Macrohon Bernadette C. , Salonga Aida M.
Published: January 2021

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A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Efficacy of Two Doses of Oral Ibuprofen with Intravenous Indomethacin in Terms of Ductus Arteriosus Closure among Premature Infants with Patent Ductus Arteriosus: A Phase 2A Clinical Trial
Authors: Cheng Dexter D. , Ortiz Edgardo E. , Angtuaco James L.
Published: January 2021

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Adolescent Pediatric Kidney Patients Transitioned to Adult Health Care Services through the Philippine General Hospital (PGH) Transition Program (Lipat Kalinga)
Authors: Alfiler Carmelo A. , Llanto Emma A. , Anacleto, Jr. Francisco E. , Padilla Carmencita D. , Bonzon Dolores D. , Montemayor Elizabeth S.
Published: January 2021

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A Case of Noonan Syndrome Associated with Nephrotic Syndrome, Pituitary Mass and Pes Varus
Authors: Paz-Pacheco Elizabeth , Enriquez Ma. Luisa D. , Francisco Ramon D.S. , Dee Wilfred G. , Sandoval Mark Anthony S.
Published: January 2021

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Topical Cashew Nut Extract (DeBCC) for the Treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Randomized Double-blind, Vehicle-Controlled Trial
Authors: Lazo-Dizon Johanna Pauline H. , Salud Charissa Mia D. , Fernandez Jr. Manuel  O. , Cubillan Eileen Liesl A.
Published: January 2021

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Drug-induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome in an ANA-negative, anti-dsDNA-negative Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patient
Authors: Garcia Ann Meredith U. , Racaza Geraldine Z. , Macasaet Paolo S. , Mejia Agnes D.
Published: January 2021

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“You Are What You Eat:” Self-Reported Preferences for Food Taste and Cooking Methods of Adult Filipinos (20-50 years old)
Authors: Castillo-Carandang Nina T. , Sison Olivia T. , Velandria Felicidad V. , Sy Rody  G. , Llanes Elmer Jasper B. , Reganit Paul Ferdinand M. , Gumatay Wilbert Allan G. , Punzalan Felix Eduardo R.
Published: January 2021

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Cardiovascular Manifestations in Noonan Syndrome: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Roque Jesse Jane R. , Morales Felimon K. , Santelices Cristine C. , Alan Pichy Ann P. , Magpali, Jr. Adriano E. , Chiong Lowe L. , Reganit Paul Ferdinand M.
Published: January 2021

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Carcinogenic Health Risk of Arsenic in Five Commercially Important Fish from Laguna De Bay, Philippines
Authors: Molina Victorio B. , Kada Ryohei
Published: January 2021

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Assessment of Barangay Nutrition Program Implementation in Selected Municipalities in Ifugao, Bulacan and Siquijor: Community Partners’ Perspectives
Authors: Endrina-Ignacio Ma. Socorro
Published: January 2021

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Contribution of Private Sector Hospitals in the Detection and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Authors: Antonio Carl Abelardo T.
Published: January 2021

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Validity of Dietary Diversity Score as an Indicator of Nutrient Adequacy among Older Adults in Pasay City, Philippines
Authors: Cokieng Charlene Bridgitte C. , Gutierrez Louie Amado R. , Manaloto Angelica Noelle P. , See Janel Priscilla C. , Tan Jolene Hannah C. , Bullecer Ernani R.
Published: January 2021

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Knowledge, Attitudes, Perceptions and Practices Related to Ovicidal-Larvicidal Traps for Dengue Control among Households in One Barangay in Quezon Cit
Authors: Felizardo Joanah Celine R. , Labo Guian Carlo C. , Valdez Louise Gabriella M. , Villacorta Jerome E. , Gregorio, Jr. Ernesto R.
Published: January 2021

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Functional Outcome after Treatment of Tuberculosis of the Upper Extremity
Authors: Tacata Ida S. , Orillaza Jr. Nathaniel S.
Published: January 2021

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A Case of a 39-year-old Immunocompromised Filipino Male with Non-Healing Wound of the Right Lower Leg
Authors: Lao Janice Jill K. , Tan Tennille S. , Bello Alex P. , Uichangco-Bravo Malen , Ruiz-Jacinto Emily , Corpuz Allan D. , Mejia Agnes D.
Published: January 2021

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Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome in the Philippines: A Case Series
Authors: Sia Christine C. , Astejada Mina N.
Published: January 2021

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Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Associated with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Case Report
Authors: Hernandez Karen DV. , Mirasol Ma. Angelina L. , San Jose Maria Cristina Z.
Published: January 2021

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Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia, Anemia and Thrombocytopenia among Filipino Breast Cancer Patients on Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Tia Lou Jorel P. , Lui Arthur Gregory A. , Chua Noel S. , Strebel Heinrik Martin Jude S.
Published: January 2021

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Efficacy of Tiotropium as Add-on Therapy for Adults with Uncontrolled Asthma
Authors: Villalobos Ralph Elvi M. , Uy Charles Vincent O. , Yu Marc Gregory Y. , Jorge Manuel C.
Published: January 2021

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Factors Contributing to the Delay in the Initiation of Treatment of Patients Enrolled in the TB DOTS Program in a Highly-Urbanized City in the Philippines
Authors: Vista Frances Evangeline S. , Ignacio Monaflor Abigail G. , Bausa Danica Marie C. , Lanuza Danica Francia D. , Mijares Justin Paul M. , Antonio Carl Abelardo T.
Published: January 2021

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Assessment of Barangay Nutrition Action Plan (BNAP) Implementation in Selected Municipalities in Ifugao, Bulacan and Siquijor: Barangay Nutrition Scholars’ Perspective
Authors: Endrina-Ignacio Ma. Socorro
Published: January 2021

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An Evaluation of the Medical Pool Placement and Utilization Program (MedPool PUP) of the Philippine Department of Health
Authors: Lawas Noel D. , Faraon Emerito Jose A. , Yanga-Mabunga Maria Susan T. , Antonio Carl Abelardo T. , Tobias Eufemia M. , Javier Richard S.
Published: January 2021

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Telepathology in the Philippines: A Review and Future Prospects
Authors: Arcellana-Nuqui Elizabeth R. , Fontelo Paul A. , Marcelo Alvin B.
Published: January 2021

Background. Challenged with insufficient number and maldistribution of pathologists, the Philippines seemed poised to benefit from telemedicine. Methods. The first modern Internet-based telepathology consultation was conducted between the University of the Philippines Manila and the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology in 1997. Results. While the first remote telepathology consult was a success, more than a decade after this historic referral, telepathology remains in the fringes of mainstream pathology practice despite its huge potential to benefit the underserved population. Challenges with human, organizational, and technology factors hinder its progress. Conclusions. While the original consultation faced difficulties in human capacity, connectivity and infrastructure, rapid developments in governance and technology have the potential to eliminate these problems. Substantial improvements in recent years now provide a more conducive environment to deliver telepathology services to remote areas. This paper proposes a framework for the establishment of mature telepathology services to enable its use in areas of greatest need in the country.
The Philippine Policy Context for eHealth
Authors: Salisi James A. , Cruz Jay Pee Z. , Lu Sophia Francesca DP. , Fernandez-Marcelo Portia H.
Published: January 2021

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Health Information Privacy in the Philippines: Trends and Challenges in Policy and Practice
Authors: Antonio Carl Abelardo T. , Patdu Ivy D. , Marcelo Alvin B.
Published: January 2021

Context. Evolution of the scope and context of privacy and confidentiality brought about by use of information and communications technology in healthcare. Objective. To review the legal, professional and ethical landscape of health information privacy in the Philippines. Methodology. Systematic review of literature and policy frameworks. Results. Philippine laws jurisprudence recognize and protect privacy of health information as a general rule; impose upon individual practitioners and institutions the obligation to uphold such right; and may apply in both the traditional and eHealth milieu. There is no existing policy framework that addresses issues relating to [a] access to health information by non-health professionals, [b] use of health information for non-health purposes, and [c] rules relating to collection, storage and utilization of electronically-derived or -stored information. A privacy culture, on either the provider’s or client’s side, is also lacking in the country. Conclusion. Technological developments have outpaced policy and practice. There is a need to unify the patchwork of regulations governing the privacy of health information; advocate for a privacy culture among professionals and patients alike; fortify the evidence base on patient and provider perceptions of privacy; and develop and improve standards and systems to promote health information privacy at the individual and institutional levels.
Real-time Regular Routine Reporting for Health (R4Health): Lessons from the Implementation of a Large Scale Mobile Health System for Routine Health Services in the Philippines
Authors: Hamoy Geohari L. , Amoranto Abegail Jayne P. , Evangelista-Sanchez Alyssa Marie A. , Pajarillaga Emmanuel D. , Ongkeko Jr. Arturo M. , Sylim Patrick G. , Santos Abby Dariel F. , Fabia Jonathan G. , Nisperos Gene A. , Fernandez-Marcelo Portia H.
Published: January 2021

Background. The Philippine government aims for a modern information system to enhance data quality and provide more rational evidence to support timely and efficient delivery of health care, management of health systems, programs and policy. Hence, the Real-time Regular Routine Reporting for Health (R4Health) mHealth application was developed and field tested in 246 isolated and disadvantaged municipalities to support the campaign for Universal Health Care and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. The R4Health collected point-of-care-specific data on services routinely provided at the rural health facilities, aggregated them and presented in a dashboard for use by program managers and policy makers. Objective. This paper describes the use of R4Health, a mobile technology-based health reporting system. It will discuss the context of the R4Health implementation, its development and deployment to 246 municipalities in the Philippines. Furthermore, the paper sought to determine enablers and challenges to the adoption of R4Health in routine health care. Methods. Data was collected through surveys, focus group discussions, participant-observation and review of project reports. Quantitative data was summarized using descriptive statistical methods; qualitative data underwent content analysis. Results and Conclusion. A total of 515,855 R4Health reports equivalent to 48,856 patient transactions were received from 246 municipalities within a nine-month observation period, supporting the viability of the R4Health as an alternative option to the existing manual and paper based health information management to improve the quality of data. R4Health utilizes a tool that everyone is familiar with, can easily be incorporated in their workflow, can be brought and used anywhere and has an application that is clear, understandable, and easy to learn and use. R4Health data elements, however, have overlaps with other government health reporting systems and is already misconstrued to further duplicate work. More discussions are warranted to coordinate and integrate systems. Given the general positive perspectives, integration of this alternative system to the RHU workflow, an improved R4Health, has a high potential of being accepted and adopted by the first-line health workers across the country.
Thought Experiments and the Ostia of Paranasal Sinuses
Authors: Caparas Mariano B.
Published: January 2021

It behooves us to understand the power of gravity or its diminished or negative effect as we, Homo sapiens, evolve from going around from four limbs to bipedalism or working mostly erect or sitting on our buttocks. Evolution doesn’t favor a particular desire or anticipate the future; its particular end is to get that individual to live long and propagate more efficiently. Evolution cannot give you all the favorable advantages; only that selfish genes will make us the top predators. Unfortunately the locations of the paranasal sinus ostia are not top in the list of favorable advantages. Hemorrhoids, chronic back pain, varicous veins, etc are other morbid consequences of bipedalism.
Initial Otoacoustic Emission Hearing Screening Results in Newborns with Patent Ear Canals, Vernix Caseosa and Collapsed Ear Canals
Authors: Reyes-Quintos Maria Rina T. , Robles Ruby P.
Published: January 2021

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Surgical Simulation of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery using Thiel Soft-Embalmed Human Cadaver
Authors: Grullo Precious Eunice R. , Hernando Harivelle Charmaine T. , Carrillo Ryner Jose DC. , Villacorta Pio Renato F. , Hernandez Josefino G. , Lopa Ramon Antonio B. , Cabungcal Arsenio Claro A. , Barroa Jupiter Kelly H.
Published: January 2021

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Prevalence of Medication Errors in Admitted Patients at the Philippine General Hospital
Authors: Pasco Paul Matthew D. , Caro Ruzanne M. , Cruz Connie L. , Dando Nerissa M. , Isip-Tan Iris Thiele C. , Panganiban Lynn R. , Pascua Loralyn P. , Ricalde Rosario R. , Sison Antonio C.
Published: January 2021

Background. Medication errors are preventable events that can cause or lead to inappropriate drug use. Knowing the prevalence and types of errors can help us institute corrective measures and avoid adverse drug events. Objective. This study determined the prevalence of medication errors and its specific types in the four main service wards of a tertiary government training medical center. Methods. This is a retrospective, descriptive chart review study. From the master list of admissions, systematic sampling was done to retrieve the required number of charts. Relevant pages such as order sheets, nurses’ notes, therapeutic sheets were photographed. For prolonged admissions, only the first 7 days were reviewed. Each chart was evaluated by two people who then met and agreed on the errors identified. Results. The overall prevalence of medication errors is 97.8%. Pediatrics had the most (63.3/chart), followed by Medicine, OBGynecology, and Surgery (7.3/chart). The most common type of errors identified were prescribing, followed by compliance, then administration errors. Conclusion. Medication errors are present in the four main wards in our hospital. We recommend orientation of all incoming first year residents on proper ordering and prescribing of drugs, as well as a prospective observational study to determine true prevalence of all types of medication errors.
Clinical Ramifications of TB Stigma in Baguio City, Philippines
Authors: Ladia Mary Ann J. , Millard Ann V.
Published: January 2021

Objective. Stigmatization due to a disease is a complex process, particularly in the case of tuberculosis (TB) in Baguio City, Philippines. This article reveals findings important to healthcare professionals in the outpatient setting. Complex aspects of stigma vary among people and healthcare professionals in different roles and settings, facilitating behavior that controls TB in some cases and spreads it in others. Methods. With ethnographic and historical methods, Ladia analyzed a wide range of understandings of 36 healthcare providers and 14 persons affected by TB (PATB). These understandings shape clinical behavior with significant implications for patient outcomes and community health. TB treatment and control historically established concepts and behavioral patterns that have a significant bearing on public understanding today. Comparisons with national survey data supported the analysis. Results and Conclusions. Sources of varied understandings of TB include the history of sanitaria, poverty, and incomplete dissemination of current scientific information. While some behavior related to stigma could benefit the health of PATB and their household members, the struggle against stigma leads to counterproductive behavior in a number of cases, sometimes spreading disease and sometimes resulting in unnecessary labor and expense. Healthcare providers can provide accurate, accessible, detailed information to address patients’ problems.
Accessibility and Consumption of Alcoholic Drinks in Metro Manila Colleges and Universities
Authors: Pagkatipunan Paulo Ma. N.
Published: January 2021

Objective. Alcohol consumption of university students in Metro Manila was determined and compared to other countries in the region and in the West. Methods. A survey of students from ten randomly selected public and private universities in Metro Manila was done. Results. A total of 2,930 students participated, 46.1% from public schools and 58.9% were female. Of the total students, 81.6% had drank an alcoholic drink in their lifetime; and 15.6% drank beer, 22.5% drank wine and 11.4% drank distilled spirits before they were 13 years old. For the past 30 days, 30.2% drank beer, 30.8% distilled spirit and 18.7% wine; 16.9%, 7.4% and 19.7% binged on beer, wine and distilled spirits, respectively; and 29.1% got drunk. Five percent of the students had drank inside their school. Of those who drove any motorized vehicle, 28.9% drove when they had drank and of those who use prohibited drugs, 66.7% mixed the two. Thirty one percent said they tried to quit drinking in the past 12 months and 7.5% admitted they have a drinking problem. Conclusion. Alcohol consumption of Metro Manila students approximates those of other countries. For policy and monitoring purposes, it is recommended that this survey be done regularly with a nationwide scope and compare this with other countries for best practices.
Caries Experience in Filipino Children with Cleft Lip and/or Palate from the Noordhoff Craniofacial Foundation, Philippines
Authors: Tuaño-Cabrera Cecile Ammeli , Ildefonso Eula C. , Palabrica Maria Blanca S.
Published: January 2021

Objective. This study aims to provide an overview and statistical data on the prevalence of dental caries and caries index scores in Filipino children from the Noordhoff Craniofacial Foundation Philippines, Incorporated (NCFPI). Methods. A retrospective quantitative descriptive study was undertaken based on pretreatment records of 332 children aged 2 to12 years, with cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), or cleft lip and palate (CLP). Results. The prevalence of caries ranged from 81% to 100%. There were significant differences in dmft scores between the 2 to 5 year-olds and the 6 to 9 year-olds (p<0.0001), and between the 6 to 9 year-olds and the 10 to 12 year-olds (p<0.0001). There were also significant differences between the DMFT scores of the 6 to 9 year-olds and the 10 to 12 year-olds (p<0.0001), between the CL and CP groups (p<0.0001), and between the CL and CLP groups(p<0.0001). There were no significant differences in dmft and DMFT scores between the males and females. Conclusion. There is high caries prevalence in children with CL, CP and CLP. Caries index scores are higher with increasing age. Poor oral hygiene and the presence of other predisposing factors increase their susceptibility to caries.
A Review of Craniofacial Syndromes
Authors: Lingao Michelle D.
Published: January 2021

Craniosynostoses are a complex and heterogeneous group of conditions. The purpose of this review is to describe the entity of craniosynostosis and its associated genes along with the ophthalmic and systemic findings. Several genes such as FGFRs, TWIST1, and MSX2 are involved in both syndromic and nonsyndromic craniosynostosis.
CD14/-159 and TNFα/-308 Promoter Polymorphisms are not associated with Development of Idiopathic Neonatal Hepatitis among Filipinos
Authors: San Juan Florence Giannina F. , Villanueva Annavi Marie G. , Gregorio Germana Emerita V. , Silao Catherine Lynn T.
Published: January 2021

Objective. To determine if the CD14/-159 and the TNFα/-308 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with the development of Idiopathic Neonatal Hepatitis (INH) in Filipino children. Methods. Genomic DNA from 33 patients diagnosed with INH and 33 age- and sex-matched controls, children without any liver disease, were recruited. Baseline serum total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of the patients were obtained from their medical records. Genotypes for CD14/159 and TNFα/-308 were determined via PCR and direct sequencing. Results. No significant difference was seen between the frequency of the CD14/-159 T allele (p=0.86) nor the TNFα/-308 A allele (p=0.62) between INH patients and controls. There was also no significant difference between the genotypic distribution of the INH and control populations for both CD14/-159 (p=0.54) and TNFα/-308 (p=0.62). There were also no significant differences noted between the different genotypes of CD14/159 and TNFα/-308 and levels of alkaline phosphatase (p=0.65, p=0.91), total bilirubin (p=0.89, p=0.75), and direct bilirubin (p=0.93, p=0.68). Conclusion. In this preliminary study, CD14/-159 and TNFα/-308 showed no association with the development of INH among Filipinos.
Preconception Genetic Counselling in a Filipino Couple with Family History of Trisomy 18
Authors: Abad Peter James B. , Laurino Mercy Y.
Published: January 2021

Preconception genetic counselling offers an opportunity for prospective parents to understand and adjust to the medical, familial, and psychosocial implications of genetic contributions to pregnancy outcomes. In this paper, we will illustrate how preconception genetic counselling made a difference to a Filipino couple with a previous child diagnosed with Trisomy 18.
Multiple Eruptive Myxoid Dermatofibroma in a Male with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection
Authors: Sumilang Francesca Mari P. , Silva Claudine Y. , Cubillan Eileen Liesl A. , Pastorfide Georgina C.
Published: January 2021

We report the first published case of multiple eruptive myxoid dermatofibroma (MEMDF) in a male with chronic hepatitis B infection presenting with eruptive lesions showing marked deposits of dermal mucin. Alcian blue and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of myxoid dermatofibroma. Further work-up showed asymptomatic chronic hepatitis B infection without cirrhosis. This case highlights an extremely rare histologic variant and the importance of screening for altered immunity in patients with eruptive dermatofibromas.
Effects of Rice Varieties on Weight, Blood Glucose and Triglyceride Levels in Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Chua Jenalynne Mareah O. , Alonso Deo Al Patrick T. , Espinosa Elise Angela H. , Gelonga Aya Isabel B. , Silang Abegail Visia Marie C. , Garvilles Ronald G.
Published: January 2021

Background. Rice is the staple food in the Philippines, and the major carbohydrate source that greatly affect the weight, blood glucose and triglyceride levels of the population.

Objective. The objective of the researchers was to determine the effects of white, brown and red rice varieties on weight, blood glucose and triglyceride levels in rats.

Methods. Sprague Dawley rats were fed with diets of cooked rice of different rice variety; white, brown and red. Weight was measured using a digital laboratory weighing scale. Blood glucose and triglyceride levels were measured by glucometer (OneTouch®) and Humalyzer Primus®, respectively.

Results. Rats fed with white rice had the greatest increase in weight and blood glucose levels, and red rice had the least increase. For the postprandial blood glucose test, all three rice groups reached their peak blood glucose level at 30 minutes, with white rice having the greatest value, followed by brown rice, and lastly, red rice. Rats fed with red rice had the greatest decrease in triglyceride level.

Conclusion. In this study, consumption of white rice contributes to weight gain, blood glucose level increase and minimal triglyceride level change compared to brown and red rice.
Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children Online in the Philippines: A review of online news and Articles
Authors: Hernandez Sandra Concepcion Layla S. , Lacsina Andrew C. , Ylade Michelle C. , Aldaba Josephine , Lam Hilton Y. , Estacio, Jr. Leonardo R. , Lopez Anna Lena
Published: January 2021

Background. Advances in information and communication technologies facilitate opportunities for sexual exploitation and abuse of children online (SEACO). Despite the presence of laws against child pornography, trafficking, and cybercrime, the Philippines has become known as a key hub of the billion-dollar global child cybersex industry.

Objective. The objective of this study was to provide insight on SEACO in the Philippines.

Methods. The methodology consisted of a review of readily available news articles and reports. The search term “Philippines cybersex” was used in Advanced Search in Google News (https://news.google.com.ph) for English language reports from 1995 to 2015 to describe the geographic distribution of media reported cases of SEACO, the profile of victims and offenders, and how offenders and victims became involved in SEACO.

Results. The review found 55 reports and articles from 2011 to 2015. Cases were reported from 9 regions in the country with victims ranging from 18 months to 17 years in age. Three types of SEACO were identified: live streaming of child sexual abuse, child sexual abuse material (child pornography), and sextortion using minors.

Conclusion. Cases of SEACO were found to be present throughout the country. National policies and preventive measures are needed to stem this crime.
Ethanolic Extract of Garcinia mangostana l. pericarp as Preservative in Antacid suspension
Authors: Manalo Richelle Ann M. , Arollado Erna C. , Sampang Irizh-Lyn R. , Cariscal Janvin Jessel A. , Dela Torre Gerwin Louis T.
Published: January 2021

Objective. The study was conducted to determine the preservative activity of ethanolic extract of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp and its compatibility in an antacid suspension.

Methods. The extract was subjected to phytochemical screening and was used as preservative in a formulated antacid suspension. Compatibility with the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and excipients were analyzed using fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. Preservative activity of the formulation against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was assessed using the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) antimicrobial effectiveness test, with methylparaben as positive control and suspension without preservative as negative control.

Results. The extract exhibited pharmaceutical compatibility with API and excipients. The formulation revealed comparable reduction in microbial count of E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa with positive control at Day 14 (p=0.916, 0.624, 0.335). At Day 28, comparable activity with positive control was only observed against E. coli and S. aureus (p=0.999, 0.854). However, it displayed significant increase in activity against P. aeruginosa (p=0.010) at Day 28. These activities may be attributed to glycosides and reducing substances present in the extract.

Conclusion. The ethanolic extract from Garcinia mangostana L. pericarp acted as a preservative in the formulation of an antacid suspension. It conformed to the USP criteria for antimicrobial effectiveness test on bacteria.
Comparison of the Physicochemical and Pharmacopeial Properties of starches Obtained from Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco, Nephelium lappaceum l., and Mangifera indica l. seeds with Corn starch
Authors: Arollado Erna C. , Pellazar Joriza Mae M. , Manalo Richelle Ann M. , Siocson Mae Pauline F. , Ramirez Romeo-Luis F.
Published: January 2021

Objective. This study was conducted to characterize and compare the physicochemical and pharmacopoeial properties of starches isolated from the seeds of Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco (marang), Nephelium lappaceum L. (rambutan), and unripe green Mangifera indica L. (mango) with corn starch, as possible sources of pharmaceutical grade starch.

Methods. The starch from the seeds of these fruits was isolated and characterized through their physicochemical (organoleptic characteristics, percent yield, amylose-amylopectin ratio, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, Hausner ratio, angle of repose, solubility, swelling power, and viscosity) and pharmacopoeial properties (identification test, pH, loss on drying, and limit of iron). Morphology of the granules was also assessed.

Results. The physicochemical properties showed that amylose content of the seed starches was significantly lower (p=0.001) and amylopectin content significantly higher (p=0.001) than the native high amylose corn starch. The lower values of bulk and tapped densities, and high values in compressibility index and Hausner ratio of the seed starches compared to corn starch may be due to their smaller particles. The results of the pharmacopoeial characterization showed compliance with the United States Pharmacopeia's (USP) acceptable limits, except for the pH of marang seeds.

Conclusion. The starches isolated from the fruit seeds have unique properties, but only rambutan seed starch has the most desirable physicochemical and pharmacopoeial properties that is comparable with corn starch. Rambutan seeds could be utilized as a source of starch for pharmaceutical applications.
Establishing Validity of EQ-5D-3L (Tagalog) to Measure Health-Related Quality of Life States among Adult Filipinos (20-50 years old)
Authors: Castillo-Carandang Nina T. , Sison Olivia T. , Sy Rody G. , Wee Hwee Lin , Llanes Elmer Jasper B. , Punzalan Felix Eduardo R. , Reganit Paul Ferdinand M. , Gumatay Allan Wilbert G. , Velandria Felicidad V. , Tai E Shyong
Published: January 2021

Objective. To establish the validity of EQ-5D-3L in Tagalog language in assessing health-related quality of life states among adult Filipinos 20-50 years old.

Methods. A face-to-face cross-sectional community survey of apparently healthy adult Filipinos (20-50 years old) in Metro Manila and in 4 nearby provinces (Bulacan, Batangas, Quezon, Rizal) was conducted. Trained interviewers administered the Tagalog language versions of EuroQoL 5-Dimension 3 Levels (EQ-5D-3L), Short-Form 36 version 2 (SF-26v2®), and a socio-economic questionnaire. All questionnaires were pre-tested for cultural appropriateness. Concurrent validity (against the SF-36v2®) and known group validity of the EQ-5D-3L were evaluated.

Results. Complete data from 3,056 participants were analyzed. Almost half of the participants reported perfect health on EQ-5D-3L and had higher scores on all SF-36v2® domains compared to those who reported some problems on EQ-5D-3L. Compared to participants who reported some problems on EQ-5D-3L mobility (or anxiety/depression), participants who reported no problem on EQ-5D-3L mobility (or anxiety/depression) reported lower SF-36v2® Physical Functioning (or Mental Health) scores (differences of 7.1 and 10 points, respectively) that were minimally important (i.e. exceeds 5 points). Participants with poorer self-reported health had considerably lower EQ-5D index scores and EQ-5D VAS scores (p < 0.05) irrespective of their socio-demographic characteristics.

Conclusion. EQ-5D-3L (Tagalog) demonstrated construct and known groups validity among adult Filipinos (20-50 years old).
Collision Tumors of the Cervix – A Case Series: Its Clinical Significance in the Management of an Early Stage Disease
Authors: Billod Jimmy A. , Domingo Efren J.
Published: January 2021

Majority of cervical cancer are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. The co-existence of two histologic types is rare. This article presents three cases of collision tumors of the cervix within a 10-year review. All underwent radical hysterectomy for an early stage disease. Likewise, it aims to review clinicopathologic features, management, response to treatment and prognosis of these types of tumor in the light of recent literature.
Effects of Aqueous Quassia amara L. (Korales) Leaf Extract on the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Functions of Male Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: Sison Maria Concepcion C. , Panganiban Lynn Crisanta R. , Bagaoisan Daisy Mae A. , Cortes-Maramba Nelia P.
Published: January 2021

Objective. To To evaluate potential effects of the aqueous extract of Quassia amara L. leaves on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of adult male Sprague- Dawley rats.

Methods. The cardiovascular and respiratory effects of the Quassia amara L. leaf extract on adult male SpragueDawley rats were assessed using non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) determination and head-out plethysmography, respectively, in a randomized, parallel group study. Mean observations of blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at different time periods after dosing. Respiratory flow and irritation effects were evaluated using mean observations of respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TV), mid-expiratory flow rate (EF50), time of inspiration (TI) and expiration (TE), and time of break (TB) and pause (TP).

Results. There were no significant differences among the control and the treatment groups in SBP, DBP and HR parameters. The extract showed statistically significant effect on mean RR by time period (F=2.45, p=0.0234), trends over time of TV among the dose groups (F=2.00, p=0.0202), and EF50 among dose groups ((F=3.11, p=0.0422). However, these did not correlate with the changes in the time of break (TB) and time of pause (TP) which are more sensitive and specific tests for respiratory irritation.

Conclusion. Aqueous leaf extract of Quassia appeared to have no significant effects on SBP, DPB, Pulse pressure, and HR. There are no conclusive dose-related respiratory flow or pulmonary irritation effects.
Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Target Attainment in Patients with Stable or Acute Coronary Heart Disease in the Philippines: Results from the Dyslipidemia International Study II
Authors: Sy Rody G. , Abola Maria Teresa B. , Ambegaonkar Baishali , Barcinas Roy Joseph M. , Brudi Philippe , Horack Martin , Lautsch Dominik , Macaballug Aurora G. , Reyes Eugenio B. , Rosas Noel L. , Solimen Domingo P. , Vyas Ami , Yao Christy S. , Delf Maria
Published: January 2021

Objective. To quantify the extent of hyperlipidemia and its treatment in patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) or an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the Philippines.

Methods. The Dyslipidemia International Study (DYSIS) II was an observational, multinational study conducted in patients aged ≥18 years with stable CHD or being hospitalized with an ACS. A full lipid profile was evaluated at baseline, and for the ACS cohort, at 4 months after discharge from hospital. Achievement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets and the use of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) were assessed.

Results. A total of 232 patients were enrolled from 10 centers in the Philippines, 184 with stable CHD and 48 being hospitalized with an ACS. The mean LDL-C level for the CHD patients was 88.0±40.1 mg/dL, with 33.3% achieving the target of <70 mg/dL recommended for very high-risk patients. For the ACS cohort, the mean LDL-C level was 109.0±48.5 mg/dL, with target attainment of 25.0%. The majority of the CHD cohort was being treated with LLT (97.3%), while 55.3% of the ACS patients were receiving LLT prior to hospitalization, rising to 100.0% at follow-up. There was little use of non-statins.

Conclusions. For these very high-risk patients from the Philippines, LDL-C target attainment was poor. Opportunities for better monitoring and treatment of these subjects are being missed.
Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu’nun Yaban Adlı Romanında Ekofeminizmin İzleri
Authors: ALVER Tolga
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada doğa ve kadın sorunlarını birlikte ele alan ekofeminizm kavramının izleri, Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu tarafından kaleme alınan Yaban romanında incelenmiştir. Kadın ve doğa arasında benzerliklerin olduğuna dair iddialar eski çağlara kadar uzanmaktadır. Çalışmamızın ilk kısmında; ekofeminizm kavramı açıklanmış, bu kavrama ait tarihsel süreçten bahsedilmiştir. Ekofeminizm kavramanın temel ilkeleri, amaçları açıklanmış; dünyada ve ülkemizde ekofeminizm eylemlerine örnekler verilmiştir. Ayrıca “düalizm” kavramı üzerinde yaşanan çatışma unsurları ortaya konulmuş ve ekofeminizme yöneltilen eleştiriler de dile getirilmiştir. İkinci kısımda ise Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu’nun sanat anlayışından kısaca bahsedilerek, Yaban romanının konusu hakkında bilgiler verilmiş, sonrasında ise Yaban romanında ekofeminizm hususuna odaklanılmıştır. Yaban romanında yer alan kadınların doğa ile olan ilintileri karakterler üzerinden sorgulanmıştır. Yaban romanı kuşkusuz ekofeminizm unsurlarını dile getirmek amacıyla kaleme alınmış bir roman değildir. Bu çalışmada amacımız 1970’lerden itibaren yaygınlaşmaya ve edebiyat metinlerine uygulanmaya başlanan ekofeminizmin izlerini Yakup Kadri’nin Yaban adlı romanına uygulamak ve bu romana farklı bir bakış açısı getirmeye çalışmaktır. Kadın ve doğa ilişkisinin Antik Yunan dönemine kadar geçmişi olduğunu düşünürsek edebiyatımızdaki muhtelif eserlerde de bu unsurun izlerini aramak çalışmamızı daha da anlamlı hâle getirecektir. Çalışmamızda romanda geçen kadın karakterler üzerine başlıklar açılmış, doğa-kadın ilişkisine değinilmiş ayrıca savaş unsurunun da ekofeminizm kavramı ile olan ilişkisi irdelenmiştir. Romanda yer alan kadın karakterlerden Emine, Fatma Kadın, Emeti, Cennet ve diğer köylü kadınların doğayla olan ilişkisi ortaya konulmuş ve örneklendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ekofeminizmin kuramlaşmasından çok önce yazılan bu romanda kadın-doğa ilişkisi açısından birçok ekofeminizm izlerine rastlanmıştır. Çalışmamızda kadınların kurgusal ya da gerçek hayatta doğaya maruz kaldıkları sömürünün “kadınların özgürleşmesi ile sonlanabileceği” sonucuna varılmıştır.
Chất lượng cuộc sống người bệnh sau ghép tim tại Bệnh viện hữu nghị Việt Đức
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Vinh , Phung Duy Hong Son , Nguyen Huu Uoc
Published: January 2021

Nghiên cứu mô tả hồi cứu và tiến cứu, có phân tích trên 23 bệnh nhân đã ghép tim từ người cho đa tạng chết não tại Trung tâm Tim mạch và Lồng ngực, bệnh viện Hữu nghị Việt Đức, từ tháng 6 / 2012 đến tháng 4 / 2020, với nền tảng là bộ câu hỏi SF-36. Điểm trung bình của 4 lĩnh vực sức khỏe thể chất bao gồm hoạt động chức năng, giới hạn chức năng, cảm nhận đau đớn và sức khỏe tổng quát lần lượt là 87,4; 86,6; 92,1và 80,8. Điểm trung bình của 4 lĩnh vực sức khỏe tinh thần bao gồm cảm nhận sức sống, hoạt động xã hội, giới hạn tâm lý và tinh thần tổng quát lần lượt là 86,6; 79,2; 83,5 và 86,6. Các yếu tố có liên quan với chất lượng cuộc sống của bệnh nhân sau ghép tim trong phân tích đa biến là: tuổi, nghề nghiệp, trình độ học vấn, bệnh lý (đái tháo đường, gút, suy thận và xơ gan trước ghép). Điểm số chất lượng cuộc sống của bệnh nhân sau ghép tim tại bệnh viện Hữu nghị Việt Đức đều cao ở tất cả lĩnh vực sức khỏe, chứng minh phẫu thuật ghép tim cho bệnh nhân suy tim giai đoạn cuối là một phương pháp rất hữu ích, giúp cải thiện rõ cuộc sống của người bệnh sau ghép tim.