bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of soil hydro-physical properties in the atmospheric water cycle
Authors: Dennis Eli , Berbery Hugo
Published: April 2021

Soil hydro-physical properties are necessary components in regional climate simulation; yet, the parameter inaccuracies introduce uncertainty in the representation of surface water and energy fluxes leading to differences in land-atmosphere interactions, and precipitation. This study examines the uncertainties in the North American atmospheric water cycle that result from the use of different soil datasets. Two soil datasets are considered: STATSGO from the United States Department of Agriculture and GSDE from Beijing Normal University.  Each dataset's dominant soil category allocations differ significantly at the model's resolution. Large regional discrepancies are found in the assignments of soil category, such that, for instance, in the Midwestern US (hereafter, Midwest), there is a systematic reduction in soil grain size allowing the impacts of the differing assignments to project onto regional scales.

The two simulations are conducted from June 1–August 31, 2016–2018 using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with the Community Land Model version 4. In the Midwest, where soil grain size decreases from STATSGO to GSDE, the GSDE simulation experiences reduced mean latent heat flux (–15 W m-2), and increased sensible heat flux (+15 W m-2).  The boundary layer thermodynamic structure responds to these changes resulting in differences in mean CAPE and CIN. In the GSDE simulation, there is more energy available for convection (CAPE: +200 J kg-1) in the Midwest, but it is more difficult to access that energy (CIN: +75 J kg-1). Differences arise in dynamic quantities, as well: the vertically-integrated moisture fluxes suggest a reduction in continental cyclonic rotation co-located with the decrease in latent heat flux and, the vertically-integrated moisture flux convergence is also affected. This combination of thermodynamic and dynamic responses culminate in a reduction of precipitation in the Midwest, which can be related to changes in the placement of soil hydro-physical properties.
Soil nutrient estimation and mapping in agriculture land based on improved ELM and UAV imaging spectrometry
Authors: Bao Nisha , Yang Xiaoyu , Cao Yue
Published: April 2021

Soil nutrient is one of the most important properties to support farmland quality and product. Imaging spectrometry has the potential for rapid acquisition and real-time monitoring of soil characteristics. The goal of this study was to explore the preprocessing and modeling method of hyperspectral image acquired from UAV platform for soil organic matter (SOM) and soil total nitrogen (STN) content estimation in farmland. The results showed that: 1) Multiple Scattering Correction method performed better in reducing image scattering noise rather than Standard Normal Variate transformation or spectral derivatives with higher correlation and lower signal-to-noise ratio; 2) The proposed feature selection method, which was combined with Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling algorithm (CARS) and Successive Projections Algorithm (SPA), could provide selective preference for hyperspectral bands with final 24 feature bands for SOM estimation and 22 feature bands for STN estimation; 3) The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was selected to optimize input weights and hidden biases of extreme learning machine (ELM)  model for SOM and STN prediction. The PSO-ELM model with input selective preference bands produced higher prediction accuracy with the R2 of 0.73, RPD of 1.91 for SOM and R2 of 0.63, RPD of 1.53 for STN respectively rather than ELM model. These outcomes provided a technical support for wider application of soil properties estimation using imaging spectrometry in agriculture precision monitoring and mapping.
Same soil - different climate: crop model inter-comparison with lysimeter data of translocated monoliths
Authors: Groh Jannis , Gerke Horst H. ,   crop-soil modelling initiative
Published: April 2021

Crop model comparisons have mostly been carried out to test predictive ability under previous climate conditions and for soils of the same location. However, the ability of individual agricultural models to predict the effects of changes in climatic conditions on soil-ecosystems beyond the range of site-specific variability is unknown. The objective of this study was to test the predictive ability of agroecosystem models using weighable lysimeter data for the same soil under changing climatic conditions and to compare simulated plant growth and soil-ecosystem response to climate change between these models. To achieve this, data from the TERENO-SOILCan lysimeters-network for a soil-ecosystem at the original site (Dedelow) and data from the lysimeters with Dedelow soil monoliths transferred to Bad Lauchstädt and Selhausen were analysed. The transfer of the soils took place to a drier and warmer location (Bad Lauchstädt) and to a warmer and wetter location (Selhausen) compared to the original location of the soils in Dedelow with the same crop rotation. After model calibration for data from the original Dedelow site, crop growth and soil water balances of transferred Dedelow soil monoliths were predicted using the site-specific boundary conditions and compared with the observations at Selhausen and Bad Lauchstädt. The overall simulation output of the models was separated into a plant-related part, ecosystem-productivity (grain yield, biomass, LAI) and an environmental part, ecosystem-fluxes (evapotranspiration, net-drainage, soil moisture). The results showed that when the soil was transferred to a drier region, the agronomic part of the crop models predicted well, and when the soil was moved to wetter regions, the environmental flow part of the models seemed to predict better. The results suggest that accounting for climate change scenarios, more consideration of soil properties and testing model performance for conditions outside the calibrated range and site-specific variability will help improve the models.
Using digital soil hydraulic maps to simulate water balance at the regional scale (southern Portugal) - impact of spatial resolution and modelling approach
Authors: Oliveira Ana R. , Horta Ana , Ramos Tiago
Published: April 2021

Modelling of soil physical, chemical, and biological processes is critical to improve the understanding of soil functions, the effect of agricultural practices on soil degradation, and appropriate soil management strategies. However, the use of such tools at the regional scale is largely limited by the lack of accurate mapping of soil texture and soil hydraulic properties (SHP). To overcome this limitation, SHP digital maps were obtained using two modelling approaches. One used a national harmonized soil texture database and geostatistical simulation to create soil texture maps which were further used as input data to derive SHP maps using local pedotransfer functions (PTFs). The other approach used SHP maps produced by Tóth et al (2017) using soil texture from the product SoilsGrids (Hengl et al, 2017). The SHP maps from both approaches were produced at two spatial resolutions: 250 m and 1000 m. This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of such SHP maps to simulate soil water dynamics and biomass growth at the regional scale using the MOHID-Land model. This model describes the movement of water in the porous medium based on mass and momentum conservation equations that are computed in a 3D grid domain using a finite volume approach. Crop development is simulated using a modified version of the EPIC model. The SHP maps produced using the two modelling approaches and considering two spatial resolutions (250 and 1000 m) were used as inputs for the hydraulic characteristics of soils. Simulations were compared for an irrigation area (Roxo Irrigation District), located in southern Portugal. Results revealed the differences in the components of the soil water balance, with soil inputs from local data being able to better portray landscape heterogeneity.
Spatial rangeland variability: using summary statistics and multifractal analysis to classify and monitor rangelands.
Authors: Sanz Ernesto , Almeida-Ñauñay Andrés , Diaz Ambrona Carlos G. , Saa-Requejo Antonio , Ruiz-Ramos Margarita , Rodríguez Alfredo , Tarquis Ana M.
Published: April 2021

Rangelands ecosystem comprises more than a third of the global land surface, sustaining key ecosystem services and livelihoods. Unfortunately, they suffer from severe degradation on a global scale. Tailored-monitoring of rangeland will allow us to improve their management and maintain their social-ecological systems.

MODIS data are commonly used to calculate Normalized Differenced Vegetation Index (NDVI) and NDVI anomaly (NDVIa) to monitor rangelands. In this study, we compare summary statistics and multifractal analysis to see if using complexity based tools improves our ability to differentiate land uses and types using remote sensing.

We collected time series using satellite data of MODIS (MOD09Q1.006) from 2000 to 2019. An area from southeastern Spain (Murcia province) of 6.25 Km2 was selected. This area comprised 132 pixels with a spatial resolution of 250 x 250 m2 and a temporal resolution of 8 days. This area includes irrigated and rainfed crops, shrubs and forested patches.

Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) focuses on measuring variations of the moments of the absolute difference of their values at different scales. This allows us to use different multifractal exponent such as generalized Hurst exponent (H(q)), and its range (ΔH) to characterize the area. Here, we have selected H(1), H(2) and ΔH, to reflect variance, persistence and multifractality, respectively. Then, we compare them to the average, standard deviation and kurtosis of our NDVI and NDVIa series.

Our results indicate that MF-DFA, allow us to see more clearly the differences among the pixels than the summary statistics. Particularly H(1) and H(2) of NDVI reflects more precisely the vegetation profile and land uses of the selected area. On the other hand, NDVIa allows us to highlight those pixels where several uses occur, or some feature such as roads interact with NDVI. MF-DFA appears as a promising tool to classify and monitor rangelands.

Acknowledgements: The authors acknowledge the support of Project No. PGC2018-093854-B-I00 of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of Spain, “Garantía Juvenil” scholarship from Comunidad de Madrid, and the financial support from Boosting Agricultural Insurance based on Earth Observation data - BEACON project under agreement Nº 821964, funded under H2020EU, DT-SPACE-01-EO-2018-2020.
Regional risk assessment of acid sulfate soil acidification under climate change based on mechanistic modelling of pyrite oxidation during prolonged drought events
Authors: Mosley Luke , Jacques Diederik , Rahman Joel
Published: April 2021

Under changing climate conditions with expected higher risks on long periods of severe drought events, acid sulfate soils have a higher risk for acidification when exposed to oxygen under a falling water table. A regional or continental risk map for acidification under possible future climate scenarios is one of the tools for evaluating agricultural, economic and environmental impacts of acidification. The starting point is a simulation model with the relevant processes accounting for (i) the effect of changing meteorological boundary conditions on the water dynamics inside the soil and the ground water depth, (ii) diffusion of oxygen inside the soil profile, and (iii) kinetic dissolution of pyrite and geochemical alterations. The simulation tool HPx (Jacques et al., 2018) couples all these processes and enables to evaluation of different model structures. Numerical results were compared to an extreme drought event in the lower Murray River region, Murray-Darling Basin South Australia, between 2007 and 2010. A second step was the implementation of the mechanistic model in a spatial framework using python. As a proof of principle, we started with 5 x 5 km grid in areas with high probability of acid sulfate soils. Soil spatial data was pre-processed to determine model hydraulic parameters using pedotransfer functions. Climate and soil data were defined for each grid cell and formatted at run time for input into HPx. HPx simulations are controlled for the specific data for each grid cell. The final step is to perform the simulations on large spatial and temporal scales using supercomputing for which a linux-version of HP1 was developed. These developments open up new opportunities for coupled soil-climate modelling.

Jacques, D., Simunek, J., Mallants, D. and van Genuchten, M.T. (2018). JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY AND HYDROMECHANICS 66, 211-226
Investigation Into Boundary Layer Transition Using Wall-Resolved LES and Modeled Inflow Turbulence
Authors: Lobo Brandon Arthur , Schaffarczyk Alois Peter , Breuer Michael
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The objective of the present paper is to investigate the transition scenario of the flow around a typical section of a wind turbine blade exposed to different levels of inflow turbulence. As a first step towards this objective, a rather low Reynolds number of Rec = 105 is studied at a fixed angle of attack but under five different turbulence intensities (TI) up to TI = 11.2 %. Using wall-resolved large-eddy simulations combined with an inflow procedure relying on synthetically generated turbulence and a source-term formulation for its injection within the computational domain, relevant flow features such as the separation bubble, inflectional instabilities and streaks can be investigated. The study shows that the transition scenario significantly changes with rising TI, where the influence of inflectional instabilities due to an adverse pressure gradient decreases, while the influence of streaks increases resulting in a shift from the classical scenario of natural transition to bypass transition. The primary instability mechanism in the separation bubble is found to be inflectional and its origin is traced back to the region upstream of the separation. Thus, the inviscid inflectional instability of the separated shear layer is an extension of the instability of the attached adverse pressure gradient boundary layer observed upstream. The boundary layer is evaluated to be receptive to external disturbances such that the initial energy within the boundary layer is proportional to the square of the turbulence intensity. Boundary layer streaks were found to influence the instantaneous separation location depending on their orientation. A varicose mode of instability is observed on the overlap of the leading edge of a high-speed streak with the trailing edge of a low-speed streak. The critical amplitude of this instability was analyzed to be about 32 % of the free-stream velocity.
R. Gutiérrez Simón y A. Mosquera Varas (eds.), Devenires de un acontecimiento. Mayo del 68 cincuenta años después, Viña del Mar, Cenaltes Ediciones, 2020, 452 pp.
Authors: Grassini Márquez Iria
Published: April 2021

Reseña de la obra de Gutiérrez Simón y A. Mosquera Varas (eds.), Devenires de un acontecimiento. Mayo del 68 cincuenta años después, Viña del Mar, Cenaltes Ediciones, 2020, 452 pp.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS KASUS "BAU IKAN ASIN" GALIH GINANJAR DAN FAIRUZ A. RAFIQ
Authors: Musta'an Habib
Published: April 2021

The outbreak of the case of "salted fish" which involved Fairuz A. Rafiq with his ex-husband was a negative impact of technological advances. It began when Fairuz A. Rafiq's ex-husband, Galih Ginanjar, was interviewed by Rey Utami and Pablo Benua who alluded to Galih Ginanjar's household problems with his ex-wife, whose subsequent talk or interview was uploaded by Rey Utami and Pablo Benua on their youtube account . This case itself has so far dragged 3 (three) names as suspects, namely Galih Ginanjar, Rey Utami, and Pablo Benua.

The purpose of this study is to know the legal rules that have been violated in the "salted fish" case (defamation) between Fairuz A Rafiq and Galih Ginanjar, and which articles can be applied for the case. This research uses legal research methods, based on a case approach (case approach), approach to legal doctrines (conseptual approach), historical approaches (historical approach), and approaches to existing legal rules (statute approach).
EKSISTENSI PARTAI POLITIK DI INDONESIA MASA PRA DAN PASCA KEMERDEKAAN
Authors: Shofia Nadhifatus , Alamsyafi Moch. Zaidan
Published: April 2021

The political system in Indonesia always has a close relationship with political parties. Basically, the emergence of political parties is the actualization of the various sects or political views that lie behind them. Through a theoretical and law approach, this paper discusses the existence of political parties in Indonesia, especially in the pre and post independence period. The author concludes that in terms of basic ideological aspects, the emergence of Indonesian political parties in the pre-independence era is the actualization of three political streams or views that found momentum in the 20th century. The three streams referred to are Nationalism, Islam, and Marxism/Socialism. After the proclamation of independence, the emergence of the concept of multiple parties gave rise to several new political parties. The formation of political parties after the proclamation of independence is often based on the values or principles of divinity, nationality, and Marxism. However, this does not prevent the emergence of parties that were born based on values or other principles.
Kepakan Sayap yang Tertunda: Kisah-Kisah di Balik Jeruji
Authors:   Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA), dkk Koko , Nurdin Ihan ,   Cerpenis Aceh, Pasee Hayatullah
Published: April 2021

Buku Kepak Sayap yang Tertunda berisi sajak-sajak dan cerita istimewa dari anak-anak yang juga istimewa. Buku ini berisikan kumpulan cerita dan puisi hasil goresan pena anak-anak binaan di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA) Kelas II Banda Aceh. LPKA merupakan tempat untuk membina anak berhadapan dengan hukum setelah mereka melakukan suatu kesalahan di mata hukum. Dalam menjalani kesehariannya di LPKA, seorang anak didik pemasyarakatan (Andik Pas) mendapatkan berbagai macam program pembinaan, salah satunya program literasi menulis cerpen dan puisi. Cerpen dan puisi ini ditulis di balik wisma hunian (sel) pada sore atau malam hari. Ketika angin malam berembus menusuk tulang atau cahaya surya yang mulai memudar hendak tenggelam.
ANALISIS KOMPARATIF JȂMI AD-DURÛS AL-‘ARABIYYAH DAN MULAKHKHASH QAWȂ’ID AL-LUGHAH AL-‘ARABIYYAH
Authors: Prasetiadi Yan Septiana
Published: April 2021

Eksistensi buku teks sangat penting bagi perkuliahan, yang umumnya prodi PBA menggunakan Jȃmi ad-Durûs al-‘Arabiyyah dan Mulakhkhash Qawȃ’id al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah, untuk perkuliahan nahwu dan sharaf. Maka dari itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan sistematika dan isi kitab Jȃmi ad-Durûs al-‘Arabiyyah dan Mulakhkhash Qawȃ’id al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah. Serta komparasi kelebihan dan kekurangan keduanya. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, berjenis penelitian kepustakaan dengan metode analisis isi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, materi nahwu dan sharaf di dalam kitab Jȃmi ad-Durûs al-‘Arabiyyah, pembahasannya masih tercampur. Sedangkan di dalam kitab Mulakhkhash Qawȃ’id al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah, pembahasan materi nahwu dan sharaf terpisah. Kedua kitab memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan: Jȃmi ad-Durûs al-‘Arabiyyah membahas nahwu dan sharaf dengan sangat mendalam dan rinci, namun kurang sistematis; Mulakhkhash Qawȃ’id al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah membahas nahwu dan sharaf dengan sistematis, namun kajian kurang mendalam.

 

Kata kunci: Nahwu, Sharaf, Jȃmi ad-Durûs, Mulakhkhash, Buku Teks.
قدرة التلاميذ على حلّ التدريبات في تعليم الصرف وعلاقتها بقدرتهم على الإنشاء الموجّه
Authors: Hidayat Imam
Published: April 2021

إن الأغراض لهذا البحث هي معرفة قدرة التلاميذعلى حلّ التدريبات في تعليم الصرف في الفصل الثامن بمدرسة الروضة الثانوية المتكاملة شيلينجي باندونج ومعرفة  قدرتهم على الإنشاء الموجّه ومعرفة العلاقة بينهما. والطريقة المستخدمة في هذا البحث هي الطريقة الوصفية الارتباطية. أما الأساليب لجمع البيانات فهي المقابلة والملاحظة والدراسة المكتبية والاختبار. ومن النتائج  المحصولة  من هذا البحث أن قدرة التلاميذ على حلّ التدريبات في تعليم الصرف تدل على القدرة كافية وهذا كما دلت عليه قيمة المتوسط على قدر 64. وحقيقة قدرتهم على الإنشاء الموجّه تدل على درجة عالية وهذا كما دلت عليه قيمة المتوسط على قدر 78،24. والعلاقة بينهما تدل على طبقة العلاقة متوسطة   لأن حساب الارتباط على قدر  0,417. وكانت قدرة التلاميذعلى حلّ التدريبات في تعليم الصرف قد أثرت في قدرتهم على الإنشاء الموجّه بقدر 9،11 ٪.
Implicações do bullying na saúde mental de adolescentes obesos: revisão integrativa
Authors: Rodrigues Delbana Pereira , De Oliveira Marianne Lira , Lopes Paula De Moura , Miranda Cassio Eduardo Soares
Published: April 2021

A violência é um problema de saúde pública crescente, que traz sérias consequências individuais e sociais. Nesse contexto, destaca-se a prática de bullying relacionado à obesidade. Não é incomum indivíduos considerados obesos sofrerem maior exclusão social e apresentarem quadros de ansiedade, privação e problemas de comportamento alimentar que se agravam com a prática do bullying. O objetivo deste artigo é aprofundar a discussão a respeito das implicações do bullying na saúde mental de adolescentes obesos. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa realizada nas bases eletrônicas: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed); e Scientifc Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Do total de estudos incluídos na revisão final (n = 05), 02 foram realizados no Brasil, 01 no Reino Unido, 01 nos Estados Unidos e 01 na Noruega. Foi possível observar a existência de sentimentos negativos vivenciados por adolescentes obesos, vítimas de bullying, tais como ansiedade, tristeza, angústia e sentimento de exclusão social. Tais achados evidenciam uma certa urgência para o desenvolvimento de ações permanentes de enfrentamento ao bullying e promoção do convívio saudável.
Effects of the types of sealing on chemical-fermentation characteristics of corn silage from the feed out face of trench silos
Authors:   Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Neumann Mikael , Cristo Fernando Braga ,   Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Pontarolo Giovanna Bobato ,   Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Silva Marlon Richard Hilario da ,   Universidade Estadual do Pará, Heker Junior Julio Cezar ,   Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Sidor Fernando de Souza ,   Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Plodoviski Daniel Corrêa ,   Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Czelusniak Cherlyson ,   Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Machado Milena Pontarolo ,   Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of different types of sealing on the physical losses of dry matter, chemical and fermentation characteristics and in situ digestibility of the dry matter of corn silage stored in the feed out face (ramp) of trench silos. The experimental design used randomized blocks, composed of three treatments, namely: T1 - corn silage preserved with double-sided polyethylene of 110 μm thickness (conventional seal); T2 - corn silage preserved with double-sided polyethylene of 200 μm thickness (double-sided); and T3 - corn silage preserved with oxygen-impermeable film composed of double-sided polyethylene of 80 μm thickness on a translucent vacuum polyamide film of 20 μm thickness (double sealing), with four repetitions each. The use of double-sided polyethylene with 200 μm thickness (double-sided) and oxygen impermeable film composed of double-sided polyethylene and polyamide (double sealing), were effective in preserving the chemical composition, fermentation profile, raw protein composition and fiber quality, in addition, the use of these polymers resulted in greater ruminal digestibility of dry matter and reduced the pH, temperature, temperature gradient and physical losses of corn silage from the feed out face (ramp) of trench silos compared to the conventional sealing.
Fermentation characteristics and nutritive value of sweet sorghum silage with Paiaguas palisadegrass and Ipypora grass
Authors:   Instituto Federal Goiano, Oliveira Nariane Coelho de , Costa Kátia Aparecida de Pinho ,   Instituto Federal Goiano, Rodrigues Laíne Gonçalves ,   Instituto Federal Goiano, Silva Ana Carolina Gomes ,   Instituto Federal Goiano, Costa João Victor Campos Pinho ,   Instituto Federal Goiano, Silva Sabryna Álex Almeida ,   Instituto Federal Goiano, Assis Luiz Felipe Aprígio de ,   Instituto Federal Goiano, Oliveira Stella Mendes Pio de ,   Instituto Federal Goiano, Vieira Milena de Lima ,   Instituto Federal Goiano
Published: April 2021

Ensiling sorghum with tropical forages has been shown to be a promising alternative for ruminant feed production, as this approach improves the quality of the sorghum silage. In this context, the goal of this study was to evaluate the fermentation characteristics and nutritive value of sweet sorghum silage made with different levels of Paiaguas palisadegrass and Ipypora grass. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized 2 x 6 factorial design with four replications. Two forages (Paiaguas palisadegrass and Ipypora grass) were added to sorghum at six levels (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%), for a total of 48 experimental silos. After 50 days of fermentation, the silos were opened, and the fermentation profile and chemical composition of the silage were analysed. The results showed that the addition of Paiaguas palisadegrass and Ipypora grass to the sorghum silage increased the pH, buffering capacity and NH3-NT of the silage and reduced its dry matter content but did not affect its fermentation characteristics, which remained within an appropriate range. The addition of increasing levels of Paiaguas palisadegrass and Ipypora grass to the sorghum silage increased the crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the silage and decreased the fibre fraction (neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and lignin) and ether extract contents. Adding tropical forages to sorghum silage material at levels above 40% is recommended. Among forage crops, addition of Paiaguas palisadegrass to sorghum silage resulted in higher content of crude protein and IVDMD. Mixed silages can be an effective alternative to improve the quality of forage sorghum silage.
Performance and meat quality of broilers fed different levels of alpha-tocopherol
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Bezerra Latóya de Sousa , Vaz Roberta Gomes Marçal Vieira ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Silva Mônica Calixto da ,   Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Rodrigues Kênia Ferreira ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Albino Luiz Fernando Teixeira ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Costa Hérica de Araujo ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Barbosa Aleane Francisca Cordeiro ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Ribeiro Mayara da Cruz ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Monteiro Junior Jerry Kleube Felix ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Oliveira Magna Ferreira de ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and meat quality of broilers fed different levels of alpha-tocopherol. A total of 240 one-day-old Cobb 500® male broiler chicks were reared until day 7 of life, as recommended by the commercial line, and were fed at only 50% of the alpha-tocopherol requirement. At day 8, the chicks were weighed, homogenized, and allotted in a completely randomized design with four treatments (50, 100, 150, and 200% alpha-tocopherol requirement) and six replicates of ten chickens per experimental unit. Several variables were evaluated: weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass yield and prime cuts (drumstick, thigh, and breast), edible viscera (heart, liver, gizzard), immune organs (cloacal bursa and spleen), intestine weight and length, abdominal fat, breast meat color (lightness, redness, and yellowness), pH, cooking loss, and shear force of the breast meat. Dietary alpha-tocopherol levels did not influence broiler performance, carcass yield, and prime cuts at 42 days of age. The edible viscera, immune organs, the length of the small intestine, and the abdominal fat, as well as the meat color (lightness, redness, and yellowness), pH, cooking loss, and shear force of the breast meat, were not influenced. However, the small intestine yield increased linearly with increasing levels of alpha-tocopherol. The dietary levels of alphatocopherol did not influence the performance and meat quality of broilers from 8 to 42 days of age.
Chemical composition and fatty acid profile of BRS Capiaçu ensiled at different regrowth ages
Authors:   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Lopes Fernando César Ferraz , Morenz Mirton José Frota ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Lédo Francisco José da Silva ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Carneiro Jailton da Costa ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Paciullo Domingos Sávio Campos ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Andrade Paulino José Melo ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Moraes Conrado Trigo de ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and fatty acid (FA) profile of chopped forage and silage of BRS Capiaçu elephant grass at four regrowth ages: 50, 70, 90 and 110 days. A randomized block design with five replications was used. The ensiling was carried out manually in experimental silos without wilting using no additives or bacterial inoculants. The results were analyzed using mixed models (P < 0.05). The model included treatment (regrowth age) as a fixed effect and block as a random effect. Linear and quadratic effects of the treatments were analyzed using orthogonal contrasts. There were linear increases in the dry matter (DM, g kg-1) and lignin (g kg-1 DM) contents and linear reductions in the in vitro DM digestibility (g kg-1) of chopped grass and silage as a function of regrowth age (P < 0.001). Quadratic effects (P ≤ 0.01) were observed for the chopped grass contents (g kg-1 DM) of crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) as a function of regrowth age. There were linear decreases (P < 0.0001) in the CP content (g kg-1 DM) and pH and linear increases (P < 0.001) in the EE and NDF contents (g kg-1 DM) in the silage as a function of regrowth age. There were linear decreases (P < 0.01) in the chopped grass contents and linear increases (P < 0.05) in the silage contents of total FAs, linoleic and α-linolenic acids (g kg-1 DM) asa function of regrowth age. BRS Capiaçu elephant grass must be harvested at up to 70 days of regrowth to obtain forage with good nutritional value and the highest levels of linoleic and α-linolenic acids (g kg-1 DM). To produce silages with adequate pH values and the highest levels of linoleic and α-linolenic acids (g kg-1 DM), BRS Capiaçu must be harvested between 90 and 110 days of regrowth.
Comparative effects of extracted polyphenols from black and green tea wastes on in-vitro fermentability of feed ingredients
Authors:   Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Gheshlagh Nazak Shokrani , Paya Hamid ,   Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Taghizadeh Akbar ,   Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Mohammadzadeh Hamid ,   Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Palangi Valiollah ,   Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Mehmannavaz Yousef ,   Islamic Azad University
Published: April 2021

The effect of using black and green tea waste extracts on the diet nutritional value was investigated with three methods of in vitro degradability, gas production, and McNiven’s enzymatic digestion in the present experiment. Total phenolic compounds and total tannin for green tea extract were 20.3% and 14.8% of dry matter (DM), respectively, and for black tea were 18.7% and 12.7% of dry matter, respectively. The addition of green and black tea waste extracts reduced both gas production during incubation hours and dry matter degradability (DMD) in the diet (p < 0.05). A significantly reduced ruminal dry matter disappearance (p < 0.05) and a significantly increased post-ruminal dry matter disappearance (p < 0.05) were observed by adding black and green tea waste extracts. According to the results, the dry matter disappearance throughout the gastrointestinal tract was not significantly different between treatments. It can generally be concluded that the addition of phenolic compounds can be used depending on the nutritional strategy, such as reducing ruminal degradability and increasing rumen nutrient escape.
Opinia z zakresu badań poligraficznych w postępowaniu
podatkowym
Authors: Charkiewicz Mariusz
Published: April 2021

Opracowanie dotyczy problematyki użyteczności badań poligraficznych i możliwości ich zastosowania w postępowaniach
podatkowych. Profesjonalne badania poligraficzne mogą stanowić cenną pomoc w wyjaśnianiu stanu
faktycznego sprawy podatkowej. Niepokojące jest jednak to, że w rzeczywistości niedoceniany przez organy podatkowe
jest ich potencjał dowodowy. W artykule podjęto próbę ustalenia mocy dowodowej badań poligraficznych
na gruncie postępowania podatkowego oraz ukazania przydatności przeprowadzenia tego rodzaju dowodu w celu
prawidłowego ustalenia przez organ podatkowy stanu faktycznego konkretnej sprawy.
COVID-19 and the Risk of Displacement of Migrant Workers: An Analysis of Media Framing in the Indian State of Kerala
Authors: Muraleedharan Vishnu , Bryer Thomas Andrew
Published: April 2021

Migration and migrant movement are a global scenario, in which one of the main drivers, which facilitates migrant movement, is the search for better living conditions. One of the most vulnerable communities in this regard is migrant workers, especially in the developing world, who conduct cross-country migration. Labour migration is a significant national phenomenon in India in which the workers migrate across the states, which were facilitated by the interstate movement. The recent outbreak of pandemic COVID-19 poses the greatest challenge to the migrant workers who face the challenge of displacement due to the restriction of movement and public perception. One of the significant actors facilitating public discourse is the media, which explores the migrant scenario through framing. This article analyzes how the Indian newspaper portrays the plight of the migrant workers in Kerala through media framing using qualitative case analysis. The study reveals that the media frames portray the plight of the migrant workers during the pandemic situation, and the result could be helpful for policy developers on immigrant’s integration.
They’re Throwing Mud at Us. At Least Now They Have a Reason: Work, Control and Values in Teachers’ Work
Authors: Krzyworzeka Pawel , Krzyworzeka Amanda
Published: April 2021

This research aims to understand how teachers perceive control mechanisms embedded in the educational system in Poland. In the article, we analyse teachers and school administrators’ online discussions evoked by the decision of Polish Ministry of National Education to close schools in March 2020 in order to protect teachers and students from coronavirus infection. We show that management control mechanisms are crucial in understanding teachers and school administrators’ behaviour. On the one hand, direct forms of control frustrate and demotivate teachers. On the other hand, a combination of diverse forms of control makes teachers comply and continue working despite the growing will to rebel against the system. We argue that the COVID pandemic exposed previously existing problems; therefore, the article’s findings are also applicable beyond the pandemic context.
The President as Communicator-in-Chief
Authors: Herr Lukas D.
Published: April 2021

In US military intervention policy, presidents can usually benefit from substantial room for manoeuvre, which is not called into question by Congress and its members. Based on a domestic perspective of US foreign policy, this study argues that presidents deploy tropes of American exceptionalism and that such rhetoric conduces to congressional deference by setting the terms of the debate and silencing prospective criticism. Three qualitative case studies of the military interventions and their respective discourses in Kosovo in 1999, Iraq as from 2003 and Libya in 2011 show that members of Congress defer to presidential warmongering when they are left without access to a societally sustainable rebuttal.
Aufklärung, Aufsicht und Ahndung
Authors: Poller Michelle
Published: April 2021

The statutory model constitutes BaFin not only as a capital market supervisory authority, but also as an auxiliary authority providing preliminary investigations in criminal matters. This interlocking of supervisory and criminal proceedings conflicts with fundamental and constitutional guarantees. The problem is not unknown, but it has arisen anew as a result of the comprehensive financial market amendment of 2016/17 based on European law. The author elaborates the ambivalent role of the BaFin and analyzes the amended procedural law of the WpHG while comparing it to criminal procedural law. The result is measured against the standard of European Union law, with the focus of her analysis on the freedom from self-incrimination.
Nonlegal Sanctioning in Private Legal Systems
Authors: van Doormaal Jos
Published: April 2021

Some modern-day trade associations in commodities industries have complex systems of private commercial enforcement. These associations impose nonlegal sanctions on disloyal industry actors for not complying with awards stemming from specialized commercial arbitration after a business conflict. These extrajudicial measures undermine states’ rights to enact formal legal rules, and could violate US Antitrust Law and EU Competition Law. Yet, they could be viewed as a viable alternative to lengthy and expensive court litigation. This book provides best practice guidelines to highlight under what conditions nonlegal sanctions imposed by a trade association and executed by its members do not violate US Antitrust Law and EU Competition Law.
Lord Byrons letzte Fahrt
Authors: Schuberth Richard
Published: April 2021

Der Aufstand gegen das Osmanische Reich und die Geburt der griechischen Nation - erzählt als Tragikomödie.

Der Griechische Unabhängigkeitskrieg (1821-29): eine Rebellion, bei der nichts so war, wie es schien. Er zog tausende Philhellenen aus allen Teilen Europas an: Schwärmer, Narren, Hochstapler, Gauner, Idealisten - unter ihnen der Dichter Lord Byron.

Vor Ort zerschellten ihre Illusionen an der griechischen Realität: Der »Freiheitskampf« wurde von Banditenbanden, Warlords und Großgrundbesitzern geführt, die muslimische und jüdische Bevölkerung wurde in den ersten Kriegsmonaten ermordet oder vertrieben, die Osmanen verwalteten lediglich ihr erodierendes Reich und die britischen Kreditgeber agierten als eigennützige Spekulanten.

Richard Schuberth erzählt die Geschichte des Krieges in scharfer Abkehr von nationalen Deutungen - als epische Tragikomödie, die vor allem zu unvorstellbarem Leid der Bevölkerung führte. Seine Studie zeigt die verschiedenen Facetten des Krieges und seiner Protagonisten auf und deutet den Konflikt als »Nabelbruch der Moderne«, in dessen Verlauf viele Topoi und Ideologien unserer Zeit ihren Auftritt hatten: Seien es Medienpropaganda, Orientalismus oder Nationalismus.
3D Models of Surrogate Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Microenvironments: Insights on Disease Pathophysiology and Patient-Specific Response to Drugs
Authors: Ferrarini Marina , Marcatti Magda , Ciceri Fabio , Ferrero Elisabetta
Published: April 2021

Multiple Myeloma (MM) develops almost exclusively within the Bone Marrow (BM), highlighting the critical role of the microenvironment in conditioning disease progression and resistance to drugs. Indeed, while the therapeutic armamentarium for MM has significantly improved over the past 20 years, the disease remains ultimately incurable. This failure may depend on the high phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of MM, but also on the paucity and inadequacy of two-dimensional (2D) conventional preclinical models in reproducing MM within the BM. In the present paper, we provide a brief updated overview on MM BM microenvironment. We then discuss newly developed preclinical models mimicking MM/microenvironment interactions, including three-dimensional (3D), gel-based, in vitro models and a novel ex vivo system of isolated tumor and stromal cells cultured in bioreactor. Potential applications of each model, relative to investigation of MM pathogenic mechanisms and prediction of the best drug/combination for each individual patient will be also evaluated.
The Challenge of Water in the Sanitary Conditions of the Populations Living in the Slums of Port-au-Prince: The Case of Canaan
Authors: Jérôme Yolette , Alexis Magline , Telcy David , Saffache Pascal , Emmanuel Evens
Published: April 2021

Haitian cities are more and more prone to demographic growth, which has a lasting effect on water distribution infrastructures, as well as those that make it possible to clean it up. They are in touch with the growing demand for water, but also with the management methods of this resource. Over the past 25 years, the enlarged agglomeration of Port-au-Prince, the largest agglomeration in the country, has experienced very strong urban expansion with the creation of new precarious spaces. The literature reports that Haiti is now more than 64% urban and 35% of its population lives in the metropolitan area of Port-au-Prince, in the West Department. Over the past decade, the footprint of the Port-au-Prince metropolitan area has grown by 35%. Recent observations on the formation and development of some slums highlight the country’s vulnerability to land-based hazards, which support this form of urbanization through the emergence of environmental displaced persons. Canaan, a human settlement created following the earthquake of January 12, 2010 by presidential decree, and inhabited by the victims of this event, has a deficit in infrastructure and basic urban services. The results of our previous work on this territory lead to a much more in-depth reflection on the need to develop an index of vulnerability to environmental diseases for the population. In fact, most of the households that live there face very precarious situations. The health conditions associated with this context expose the population to increased risks of disease. The measures taken by families to treat water at home do not seem to limit their vulnerability to environmental diseases (infectious and chronic). Improving living conditions in Canaan with a view to sustainability therefore underlies major challenges. What avenues of intervention should be favored to facilitate a favorable development of the population, while taking into account the strong constraints that weigh on their daily lives? The objective of this study is precisely to analyze the vulnerability of the population to water-borne diseases.
Genome Modifications Involved in Developmental Programs of the Placental Trophoblast
Authors: G. Zybina Tatiana
Published: April 2021

The placental trophoblast cells give an example of profound genome modifications that lead to whole-genome multiplication, aneuploidy, under-replication of some genes or their clusters as well as, by contrast, gene amplification. These events are included into program of differentiation of functionally different cell lineages. In some cases the trophoblast cell differentiation involves depolyploidization achieved by non-mitotic division. Aneuploidy may be also accounted for by the unusual mitoses characteristic of Invertebrates and plants; in mammalian it may result from hypomethylation of centromere chromosome regions. The giant (endopolyploid) trophoblast cells organization includes “loose nucleosomes” accounted for by the non-canonical histone variants, i.e. H2AX, H2AZ, and H3. 3 . In the human extravillous trophoblast cells that, like murine TGC, invade endometrium, there occured significant changes of methylation as compared to non-invasive trophoblast cell populations . Meantime, some genes show hypermethylation connected with start of trophoblast lineages specification. Thus, despite the limited possibilities of chromosome visualization trophoblast cells represent an interesting model to investigate the role of modification of gene copy number and their expression that is important for the normal or abnormal cell differentiation.
From Pharmacogenetics to Gene Expression: Implications for Precision Medicine in Diabetes
Authors: Sánchez-Pozos Katy , de los Ángeles Granados-Silvestre María , Guadalupe Ortíz-López María
Published: April 2021

Approximately 25–60% of patients show specific pharmacological responses to a particular drug. We call this interindividual variability (IV) response to drugs affecting their efficacy and the appearance of side effects in individuals. This IV may be due to multifactorial components such as genetic factors (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs; and copy number variations, CNV), environmental stimuli, epigenetic modulation, disease/health conditions, or drug interactions, among others. Therefore, these factors can influence the response to the drug by modifying absorption, metabolism, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD), causing the loss of treatment efficacy or leading to adverse drug reactions with negative consequences for patients. The knowledge in pharmacogenetics (study of pharmacological consequences of single gene mutations) and pharmacogenomics (study of the influence of many gene or gene patterns in the reponse to drugs), disciplines that seek to predict how a specific individual responds to the administration of a particular drug, has advanced by leaps and bounds thanks to “omics” technologies. Nonetheless, despite, the development of next-generation sequencing platforms and the mapping of the human genome have transformed the field of pharmacogenetics, the translational into clinical practice has been slow. Therefore, identification of SNPs that could affect the expression of pharmacogenes in order to make associations with PK and PD will improve our understanding of genetic effects on drug efficacy and transfer it to the clinic. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents a national public health problem, not only because of the high frequency of the disease reported worldwide, but also because of the poor adherence to therapeutic management, whose causes have not yet been clarified. One of the challenges in the management of diseases to reach optimal treatment is the complex genetic background. Hence, the integration of multiple levels of pharmacological information, including variation in gene sequence, impact in drug response, and function of drug targets, could help us to predict sources of interpatient variability in drug effects, laying the basis for precision therapy. Thus, the present chapter aims to collect all the available data about genetic variations in pharmacogenes affecting drug response in T2D and integrate it with their effect on gene expression to elucidate their impact in pharmacological efficacy.