bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulation of expression of Connexins 37, 40 and 43 in endothelial cells in culture
Authors: Zhuang Wenqing , Mitrou Nick G. A. , Kulak Steve , Cupples William A. , Braam Branko
Published: March 2024

Connexin (Cx) 37, 40, and 43 are implicated in vascular function, specifically in the electrical coupling of endothelial cells and vascular smooth-muscle cells. In the present study, we investigated whether factors implicated in vascular dysfunction can modulate the gene expression of Cx37, Cx40, and Cx43 and whether this is associated with changes in endothelial layer barrier function in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). First, HMEC-1 were subjected to stimuli for 4 and 8 h. We tested their responses to DETA-NONOate, H2O2, high glucose, and angiotensin II, none of which relevantly affected the transcription of the connexin genes. Next, we tested inflammatory factors IL-6, interferon gamma (IFNγ), and TNFα. IFNγ (10 ng/mL) consistently induced Cx40 expression at 4 and 8 h to 10–20-fold when corrected for the control. TNFα and IL-6 resulted in small but significant depressions of Cx37 expression at 4 h. Two JAK inhibitors, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) (100–250 μM) and AG490 (100–250 μM), dose-dependently inhibited the induction of Cx40 expression by IFNγ. Subsequently, HMEC-1 were subjected to 10 ng/mL IFNγ for 60 h, and intercellular and transcellular impedance was monitored by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). In response to IFNγ, junctional-barrier impedance increased more than cellular-barrier impedance; this was prevented by AG490 (5 μM). In conclusion, IFNγ can strongly induce Cx40 expression and modify the barrier properties of the endothelial cell membrane through the JAK/STAT pathway. Moreover, the Cx37, Cx40, and Cx43 expression in endothelial cells is stable and, apart from IFNγ, not affected by a number of factors implicated in endothelial dysfunction and vascular diseases.
Effectiveness of biomedical interventions on the chronic stage of traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kawata Keisuke , Rettke Devin J. , Thompson Christopher , Mannix Rebekah , Bazarian Jeffrey J. , Datta Dibyadyuti
Published: March 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), in any form and severity, can pose risks for developing chronic symptoms that can profoundly hinder patients’ work/academic, social, and personal lives. In the past 3 decades, a multitude of pharmacological, stimulation, and exercise-based interventions have been proposed to ameliorate symptoms, memory impairment, mental fatigue, and/or sleep disturbances. However, most research is preliminary, thus limited influence on clinical practice. This review aims to systematically appraise the evidence derived from randomized controlled trials (RCT) regarding the effectiveness of pharmacological, stimulation, and exercise-based interventions in treating chronic symptoms due to TBI. Our search results indicate that despite the largest volume of literature, pharmacological interventions, especially using neurostimulant medications to treat physical, cognitive, and mental fatigue, as well as daytime sleepiness, have yielded inconsistent results, such that some studies found improvements in fatigue (e.g., Modafinil, Armodafinil) while others failed to yield the improvements after the intervention. Conversely, brain stimulation techniques (e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation, blue light therapy) and exercise interventions were effective in ameliorating mental health symptoms and cognition. However, given that most RCTs are equipped with small sample sizes, more high-quality, larger-scale RCTs is needed.
Rethinking the effects of adjuvant beam radiation therapy on overall survival in atypical meningioma patients: age considerations
Authors: Li Chao , Qin Jiajun , Xue Fei , Shen Zhaoli , Lin Qi , Xue Yajun , Chen Xianzhen
Published: March 2024

Background

This study aimed to investigate the effects of adjuvant beam radiation therapy (ABRT) on overall survival (OS) in patients with primary single intracranial atypical meningioma (AM), with a focus on age-related outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study using data from SEER database. Our cohort consisted of patients diagnosed with a primary single intracranial AM tumor and had undergone surgery. The primary endpoint was OS. For survival analysis, univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis were performed. A multivariable additive Cox model was used to assess the functional relationship between age and OS in patients with or without ABRT.

Results

Of the 2,759 patients included, 1,650 underwent gross total resection and 833 received ABRT. Multivariable Cox analysis indicated that ABRT did not significantly influence OS across the entire cohort. According to the multivariable generalized additive Cox model, the relative risk of all-cause mortality increased with advancing age in both ABRT-yes and ABRT-no group. ABRT-yes had a lower relative risk than ABRT-no when age ≤ 55 years old while a higher relative risk when age > 55 years old. Subsequent multivariable Cox analysis showed that ABRT was associated with a significant lower risk for all-cause mortality in patients with age ≤ 55 years old while a significant higher risk in patients with age > 55 years old.

Conclusion

Our study found that ABRT enhanced OS in younger primary single intracranial AM patients. But we also revealed a negative correlation between OS and ABRT in older patients.
Theta-frequency medial septal nucleus deep brain stimulation increases neurovascular activity in MK-801-treated mice
Authors: Crown Lindsey M. , Agyeman Kofi A. , Choi Wooseong , Zepeda Nancy , Iseri Ege , Pahlavan Pooyan , Siegel Steven J. , Liu Charles , Christopoulos Vasileios , Lee Darrin J.
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown remarkable success treating neurological and psychiatric disorders including Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, dystonia, epilepsy, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. DBS is now being explored to improve cognitive and functional outcomes in other psychiatric conditions, such as those characterized by reduced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) function (i.e., schizophrenia). While DBS for movement disorders generally involves high-frequency (>100 Hz) stimulation, there is evidence that low-frequency stimulation may have beneficial and persisting effects when applied to cognitive brain networks.

Methods

In this study, we utilize a novel technology, functional ultrasound imaging (fUSI), to characterize the cerebrovascular impact of medial septal nucleus (MSN) DBS under conditions of NMDA antagonism (pharmacologically using Dizocilpine [MK-801]) in anesthetized male mice.

Results

Imaging from a sagittal plane across a variety of brain regions within and outside of the septohippocampal circuit, we find that MSN theta-frequency (7.7 Hz) DBS increases hippocampal cerebral blood volume (CBV) during and after stimulation. This effect was not present using standard high-frequency stimulation parameters [i.e., gamma (100 Hz)].

Discussion

These results indicate the MSN DBS increases circuit-specific hippocampal neurovascular activity in a frequency-dependent manner and does so in a way that continues beyond the period of electrical stimulation.
Detection of arousal and valence from facial expressions and physiological responses evoked by different types of stressors
Authors: Bruin Juliette , Stuldreher Ivo V. , Perone Paola , Hogenelst Koen , Naber Marnix , Kamphuis Wim , Brouwer Anne-Marie
Published: March 2024

Automatically detecting mental state such as stress from video images of the face could support evaluating stress responses in applicants for high risk jobs or contribute to timely stress detection in challenging operational settings (e.g., aircrew, command center operators). Challenges in automatically estimating mental state include the generalization of models across contexts and across participants. We here aim to create robust models by training them using data from different contexts and including physiological features. Fifty-one participants were exposed to different types of stressors (cognitive, social evaluative and startle) and baseline variants of the stressors. Video, electrocardiogram (ECG), electrodermal activity (EDA) and self-reports (arousal and valence) were recorded. Logistic regression models aimed to classify between high and low arousal and valence across participants, where “high” and “low” were defined relative to the center of the rating scale. Accuracy scores of different models were evaluated: models trained and tested within a specific context (either a baseline or stressor variant of a task), intermediate context (baseline and stressor variant of a task), or general context (all conditions together). Furthermore, for these different model variants, only the video data was included, only the physiological data, or both video and physiological data. We found that all (video, physiological and video-physio) models could successfully distinguish between high- and low-rated arousal and valence, though performance tended to be better for (1) arousal than valence, (2) specific context than intermediate and general contexts, (3) video-physio data than video or physiological data alone. Automatic feature selection resulted in inclusion of 3–20 features, where the models based on video-physio data usually included features from video, ECG and EDA. Still, performance of video-only models approached the performance of video-physio models. Arousal and valence ratings by three experienced human observers scores based on part of the video data did not match with self-reports. In sum, we showed that it is possible to automatically monitor arousal and valence even in relatively general contexts and better than humans can (in the given circumstances), and that non-contact video images of faces capture an important part of the information, which has practical advantages.
Impact of the 2022 national formula shortage on clinical decision-making of healthcare providers in switching amino acid formulas for infants with cow’s milk protein allergy: a survey-based study
Authors: Baran Jessica V. , Brown Jerry M. , Farrar Andrew A. , Oliveros Lea V. , Beacker Jesse , Lamos Luke , Florio Jared , Fabbrini Abigail L. , Wilsey Michael J.
Published: March 2024

Background

In 2022, the United States experienced a national shortage of infant formula due to a global supply chain crisis and a large-scale domestic formula recall. The existing literature on healthcare providers' (HCPs) clinical decision-making during formula shortages is limited. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing pediatric HCP clinical decision-making when switching between amino acid formulas (AAF) for managing cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) in infants under 24 months of age during an unprecedented national formula shortage.

Methods

The study included pediatric HCPs with experience managing CMPA in infants and toddlers under 24 months during the formula shortage from January 2022 to November 2022. A de-identified survey comprising 26 questions examining driving factors used in clinical decision-making was administered to pediatric HCPs using a real-time mobile data collection tool.

Results

Among the surveyed pediatric HCPs (n = 75), the factors most frequently considered as “extremely important” when switching to another AAF included safety (85%), tolerability (73%), and efficacy (83%). No statistically significant differences were found in HCP ratings among the listed examined factors of the four AAFs. The availability of specific formulas was the only factor that exhibited a statistically significant difference in perceived performance among pediatric HCPs when comparing the four AAFs (p < 0.05).

Discussion

This study elucidates the crucial aspects that influenced pediatric HCPs' selection of AAFs for CMPA management during the 2022 formula shortage. The findings highlight the significance of safety, tolerability, efficacy, and availability in the pediatric HCP decision-making processes.
Integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics reveals toxicological mechanisms of ZhuRiHeng drop pill in the 180-day repeated oral toxicity study
Authors: Zhang Qian , Wang Fang , Liu Jing , Li Jun , Zhang Wei , Na Shengsang , Lu Jingkun , Wang Yuewu
Published: March 2024

Background: ZhuRiHeng Drop Pill (ZRH) is a traditional Mongolian medicinal preparation. Despite its long history of use for the treatment of coronary heart disease, there have been few toxicological studies of the safety profile of ZRH.

Purpose: In order to comprehensively elucidate the underlying mechanisms behind the observed toxicity of ZRH on rat livers in the 180-day repeated oral toxicity study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis by integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic data.

Methods: High-resolution mass spectrometry was conducted to evaluate the constituents of ZRH. For the acute oral toxicity study, mice were administered a dose of 32 g/(kg·d) of ZRH, while rats were instead orally administered 0.934, 1.868, or 3.736 g/(kg·d) of ZRH over a 180-day period in a 180-day repeated oral toxicity study. Conventional index and organ weights/histology were then monitored to detect any potential ZRH treatment-related toxicity. To identify key genes and metabolites involved in ZRH toxicological processes, we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of liver tissue upon ZRH treatment using RNA-seq techniques, qPCR and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses.

Results: A total of 60 compounds in ZRH were identified and speculated in positive and negative ion modes. Mice in the acute toxicity study exhibited no signs of ZRH-related toxicity. In a protracted oral toxicity investigation spanning 180 days, discernible elevations in liver ratios were noted in both male and female rats across all three dose cohorts, relative to the control group (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Upon subjecting to ZRH treatment, our transcriptomic and qPCR analyses unveiled notable upregulation of crucial genes, exemplified by Abcb1b and Cyp2b2, known for theirs involvement in liver drug transport and metabolism function. Furthermore, our untargeted metabolomic analysis provided supplementary insights, revealing significant regulation in pyrimidine metabolism, as well as alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism pathways.

Conclusion: Our study unveils a panoramic understanding of the temporal, dosage-specific, and gene dimensions surrounding the metabolic and transcriptional shifts induced by ZRH exposure. As we peer into the future, recommendations emerge for further exploration, encompassing aspects such as time dynamics, dosage considerations, and gene-centric avenues to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
Long-term benefits of EPs® 7630 in patients with acute sinusitis: a real-world cohort study
Authors: Tisch Matthias , Roháč Lubomír , Reineke Thorsten , Burkart Martin , Kostev Karel
Published: March 2024

Background: We evaluated whether EPs® 7630 prescription in patients with acute sinusitis (AS) is associated with less frequent recurrence of AS, occurrence of chronic sinusitis or nasal polyps, or fewer antibiotic prescriptions.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used electronic medical records from the IQVIA Disease Analyzer database. Associations between initial therapy [EPs® 7630, antibiotics, intranasal corticosteroid (INCS), or corticosteroid-free nasal spray within 3 days of AS diagnosis] and AS recurrence, incidence of chronic sinusitis or nasal polyps or rate of antibiotic prescription were studied using multivariable Cox or logistic regression models, adjusting for sex, age, insurance status, month of diagnosis, and comorbidity.

Results: A total of 216,360 patients were analyzed. INCS prescription was associated with a higher risk of recurrent AS (HR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.01–1.92) and a higher incidence of chronic sinusitis or nasal polyp diagnosis (HR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.01–1.92) compared to EPs® 7630. Initial antibiotic therapy was significantly associated with higher risk of new antibiotic prescription in the period of 31–365 days after the index date compared to EPs® 7630 (OR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.66–2.92).

Conclusion: EPs® 7630 prescription is associated with long-term benefits in AS patients. EPs® 7630 can help to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use and might reduce the risk of chronic sinusitis or nasal polyps.
Effects of the seedling tray overlapping for seed emergence mode on emergence characteristics and growth of rice seedlings
Authors: Gao Yizhuo , Shao Meihong , Zhang Yuping , Zhang Yikai , Wang Yaliang , Wang Zhigang , Zhu Defeng , Zhang Yunbo , Xiang Jing , Chen Huizhe
Published: March 2024

Seedling mode plays a crucial role in the rice production process, as it significantly affects the growth and development of seedlings. Among the various seedling modes, the seedling tray overlapping for seed emergence mode (STOSE mode) has been demonstrated to be effective in enhancing seedling quality. However, the impact of this mode on the germination and growth of seeds with varying plumpness remains uncertain. To investigate the effect of the STOSE mode on seedling emergence characteristics, growth uniformity, and nutrient uptake of seeds with varying plumpness levels, we conducted a study using super early rice Zhongzao 39 (ZZ39) as the test material. The seeds were categorized into three groups: plumped, mixed, and unplumped. The results indicated that the STOSE mode significantly improved the seedling rate for all types of seeds in comparison to the seedling tray nonoverlapping for seed emergence mode (TSR mode). Notably, the unplumped seeds exhibited the most pronounced enhancement effect. The soluble sugar content of the seeds increased significantly after 2 days of sowing under the STOSE mode, whereas the starch content exhibited a significant decrease. Furthermore, the STOSE mode outperformed the TSR mode in several aspects including seedling growth uniformity, aboveground dry matter mass, root traits, and nutrient uptake. Overall, the STOSE mode not only promoted the germination and growth of plumped and mixed seeds but also had a more pronounced impact on unplumped seeds.
Information literacy in the digital age: information sources, evaluation strategies, and perceived teaching competences of pre-service teachers
Authors: Trixa Jessica , Kaspar Kai
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Information literacy has become indispensable in navigating today’s fast-paced media environment, with teachers playing a pivotal role in fostering reflective and critical digital citizenship. Positioned as future gatekeepers, pre-service teachers are the key to teaching media skills and especially information literacy to future generations of pupils. Given the particular challenges facing educators today compared to previous generations, it is important to determine whether the next generation of teachers feel adequately prepared and perceive themselves as competent to pass on these skills to their future pupils. However, previous research has highlighted deficiencies in formal learning opportunities at universities, underscoring the need for further investigation into pre-service teachers’ information acquisition, evaluation practices as well as their perceived relevance to teaching, and person-related factors associated with their perceived competence in teaching information literacy.

Method

An online questionnaire was presented to participants, employing a mixed-method approach. We qualitatively examined the sources of information used by pre-service teachers and the evaluation strategies they employ, while quantitatively analyzing relationships between pre-service teachers’ person-related factors and their perceived teaching competence. Participants assessed their perceived teaching competence, perceived learning opportunities, self-efficacy (general and related to information assessment), perceived informedness, selective exposure, need for cognition, need for cognitive closure, and mistrust in media coverage.

Results

Data from 371 participants revealed digital media dominance in information acquisition over traditional sources, albeit with a prevalence of surface-level evaluation strategies over reflective approaches. Two distinct dimensions of perceived competence in teaching information literacy emerged: one focusing on information assessment while the other centers on the understanding of news creation processes. Perceived competence in teaching information literacy was significantly associated with self-efficacy in information assessment, perceived informedness, selective exposure to information as well as perceived learning opportunities focusing on information evaluation. Moreover, pre-service teachers employing diverse information evaluation strategies demonstrated a heightened sense of perceived competence in teaching information assessment.

Discussion

Our results provide valuable insights into the multifaceted nature of pre-service teachers’ perceived competence in teaching information literacy. Theoretical implications for future research as well as practical implications for teacher education and the structure of future curricula are discussed.
PTSD prevalence and factors in intern nursing students after COVID-19 full liberalization in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sun Yuanhao , Li Xiangdong , Liu Hairong , Li Xiaoping , Sun Lu , Zhang Lin , Wang Congzhi , Li Jing , Liu Mingming , Zhang Dongmei , Lei Yunxiao , Yuan Ting
Published: March 2024

Objective

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its influencing factors among intern nursing students after the full liberalization of the COVID-19 prevention and control policy in China.

Methods

Participants completed the online survey from January 14 to January 19, 2023. A demographic questionnaire, COVID-19 and internship-related questionnaire, the Fear of COVID-19 scale, the Primary Care PTSD Screen, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were used to conduct the online survey.

Results

Of 438 participants, 88.4% tested positive for COVID-19 in the last 6 months. The prevalence of fear, resilience, and PTSD was 16.9, 15.5, and 11.2%, respectively. Direct care of COVID patients in hospital (OR = 2.084, 95%CI 1.034 ~ 4.202), the experience of occupational exposure (OR = 2.856, 95%CI 1.436 ~ 5.681), working with an experienced team (OR = 2.120, 95%CI 1.070 ~ 4.198), and fear COVID-19 (OR = 8.269, 95%CI 4.150 ~ 16.479) were significantly and positively associated with PTSD in nursing internship students.

Conclusion

After COVID-19 full liberalization in China, intern nursing students still experienced pandemic-related mental distress, which can bring PTSD. Adequate support and counseling should be provided, as needed, to intern nursing students who are about to enter the workforce and have experienced severe PTSD symptoms related to COVID-19. Our findings indicated that should understand the importance of screening, formulate intervention strategies and preventive measures to address psychosocial problems, and provide coping skills training to intern nursing students.
“I’m pulling through because of you”: injured workers’ perspective of workplace factors supporting return to work under the Saskatchewan Workers’ Compensation Board scheme
Authors: Lewis Ian , Houdmont Jonathan
Published: March 2024

Background

Research demonstrates sustained return to work (RTW) by individuals on medical leave is influenced by personal and job resources and job demands. Relatively few studies have been conducted in the workers’ compensation context that is known to have longer absence durations for RTW.

Aims

This study sought to illuminate workers’ experience as they returned to work following a work injury that was either psychological in nature or involved more than 50 days of disability, with a focus on the co-worker, supervisor, and employer actions that supported their return.

Methods

Workers in Saskatchewan, Canada, with a work-related psychological or musculoskeletal injury, subsequent disability, and who returned to work in the last three years, were invited to complete an online survey comprising of free-text questions. Thematic analysis was used to explore participants’ experiences.

Results

Responses from 93 individuals were analysed. These revealed that persistent pain, emotional distress, and loss of normal abilities were present during and beyond returning to work. Almost two-thirds indicated that the supervisors’ and co-workers’ support was critical to a sustained return to work: their needs were recognized and they received autonomy and support to manage work demands. By contrast, one-third indicated that the support they expected and needed from supervisors and employers was lacking.

Conclusions

Workers returning to work lacked personal resources but co-workers’ and supervisors’ support helped improve confidence in their ability to RTW. Supervisors and employers should acknowledge workers’ experiences and offer support and autonomy. Likewise, workers can expect challenges when returning to work and may benefit from cultivating supportive relationships with co-workers and supervisors.
Mind the FemTech gap: regulation failings and exploitative systems
Authors: Mehrnezhad Maryam , Van Der Merwe Thyla , Catt Michael
Published: March 2024

The security, privacy, and safety issues around Female-oriented technologies (FemTech) and data can lead to differential harms. These complex risks and harms are enabled by many factors including inadequate regulations, the non-compliant practices of the industry, and the lack of research and guidelines for cyber-secure, privacy-preserving, and safe products. In this paper, we review the existing regulations related to FemTech in the United Kingdom, EU, and Switzerland and identify the gaps. We run experiments on a range of FemTech devices and apps and identify several exploitative practices. We advocate for the policymakers to explicitly acknowledge and accommodate the risks of these technologies in the relevant regulations.
The transformative potential of artificial intelligence in solid organ transplantation
Authors: Al Moussawy Mouhamad , Lakkis Zoe S. , Ansari Zuhayr A. , Cherukuri Aravind R. , Abou-Daya Khodor I.
Published: March 2024

Solid organ transplantation confronts numerous challenges ranging from donor organ shortage to post-transplant complications. Here, we provide an overview of the latest attempts to address some of these challenges using artificial intelligence (AI). We delve into the application of machine learning in pretransplant evaluation, predicting transplant rejection, and post-operative patient outcomes. By providing a comprehensive overview of AI's current impact, this review aims to inform clinicians, researchers, and policy-makers about the transformative power of AI in enhancing solid organ transplantation and facilitating personalized medicine in transplant care.
An Efficient Third-Order Scheme Based on Runge–Kutta and Taylor Series Expansion for Solving Initial Value Problems
Authors: Abdul-Hassan Noori Y. , Kadum Zainab J. , Ali Ali Hasan
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we propose a new numerical scheme based on a variation of the standard formulation of the Runge–Kutta method using Taylor series expansion for solving initial value problems (IVPs) in ordinary differential equations. Analytically, the accuracy, consistency, and absolute stability of the new method are discussed. It is established that the new method is consistent and stable and has third-order convergence. Numerically, we present two models involving applications from physics and engineering to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of our new method and compare it with further pertinent techniques carried out in the same order.
A Numerical Study of Quantum Entropy and Information in the Wigner–Fokker–Planck Equation for Open Quantum Systems
Authors: Edrisi Arash , Patwa Hamza , Morales Escalante Jose A.
Published: March 2024

Kinetic theory provides modeling of open quantum systems subject to Markovian noise via the Wigner–Fokker–Planck equation, which is an alternate of the Lindblad master equation setting, having the advantage of great physical intuition as it is the quantum equivalent of the classical phase space description. We perform a numerical inspection of the Wehrl entropy for the benchmark problem of a harmonic potential, since the existence of a steady state and its analytical formula have been proven theoretically in this case. When there is friction in the noise terms, no theoretical results on the monotonicity of absolute entropy are available. We provide numerical results of the time evolution of the entropy in the case with friction using a stochastic (Euler–Maruyama-based Monte Carlo) numerical solver. For all the chosen initial conditions studied (all of them Gaussian states), up to the inherent numerical error of the method, one cannot disregard the possibility of monotonic behavior even in the case under study, where the noise includes friction terms.
Analysis of the Solar Pyrolysis of a Walnut Shell: Insights into the Thermal Behavior of Biomaterials
Authors: Aspiazu-Méndez Arturo , Cisneros-Cárdenas Nidia Aracely , Pérez-Rábago Carlos , Pat-Espadas Aurora M. , Manzini-Poli Fabio , Estrada Claudio A.
Published: March 2024

The state of Sonora, Mexico, stands as one of the leading producers of pecan nuts in the country, which are commercialized without shells, leaving behind this unused residue. Additionally, this region has abundant solar resources, as shown by its high levels of direct normal irradiance (DNI). This study contributes to research efforts aimed at achieving a synergy between concentrated solar energy technology and biomass pyrolysis processes, with the idea of using the advantages of organic waste to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and avoiding the combustion of conventional pyrolysis through the concentration of solar thermal energy. The objective of this study is to pioneer a new experimental analysis methodology in research on solar pyrolysis reactors. The two main features of this new methodology are, firstly, the comparison of temperature profiles during the heating of inert and reactive materials and, secondly, the analysis of heating rates. This facilitated a better interpretation of the observed phenomenon. The methodology encompasses two different thermal experiments: (A) the pyrolysis of pecan shells and (B) the heating–cooling process of the biochar produced in experiment (A). Additionally, an experiment involving the heating of volcanic stone is presented, which reveals the temperature profiles of an inert material and serves as a comparative reference with experiment (B). In this experimental study, 50 g of pecan shells were subjected to pyrolysis within a cylindrical stainless-steel reactor with a volume of 156 cm3, heated by concentrated radiation from a solar simulator. Three different heat fluxes were applied (234, 482, and 725 W), resulting in maximum reaction temperatures of 382, 498, and 674 °C, respectively. Pyrolysis gas analyses (H2, CO, CO2, and CH4) and characterization of the obtained biochar were conducted. The analysis of heating rates, both for biochar heating and biomass pyrolysis, facilitated the identification, differentiation, and interpretation of processes such as moisture evaporation, tar production endpoint, cellulosic material pyrolysis, and lignin degradation. This analysis proved to be a valuable tool as it revealed heating and cooling patterns that were not previously identified. The potential implications of this tool would be associated with improvements in the design and operation protocols of solar reactors.
Common-Mode Voltage Reduction Method Based on Variable Sampling Frequency Finite Control Set-Model Predictive Control for PMSM Drive Systems
Authors: Lee Yoon-Seong , Choo Kyoung-Min , Lee Chang-Hee , An Chang-Gyun , Yi Junsin , Won Chung-Yuen
Published: March 2024

In this article, a finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC) with variable sampling time is proposed. A zero-voltage vector appears in the dead time between specific voltage vectors, resulting in an unintentionally large common-mode voltage. Herein, a large common-mode voltage was suppressed, and the load current was controlled using a voltage vector combination that did not cause a zero-voltage vector in dead time. Additionally, to improve the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the load current, the intersection of the predicted current and the command current by all the volage vectors (VVs) in the combination is confirmed. The VV where the intersection occurs is selected as the optimal VV. This optimal VV is applied to the point where the predicted current and the reference current intersect. The applicable range of the sampling time should be selected by considering the calculation time and number of switching. Through the proposed FCS-MPC strategy, not only can the common-mode voltage be limited to within ±Vdc/6, but an improved THD can also be obtained compared to the existing method using fixed sampling. The proposed method was verified through PSIM simulation and experimental results.
Towards Reducing the Consumption of Drinking Water in Buildings as Part of the Circular Economy Model: Strengths–Weaknesses–Opportunities–Threats Analysis and Perspectives for Implementation
Authors: Bąk Joanna , Żaba Tadeusz
Published: March 2024

Progressive climate changes, drought resulting from them and the prospect of problems with access to water for people in cities mean that actions are being taken to minimize water use in buildings and to implement a circular economy in the water and wastewater sector. Within the water circular economy model, there is also a stage of “water consumption”. Minimizing water use in buildings undoubtedly has a number of advantages. However, it should be borne in mind that it may also have weaknesses, and if implemented on a large scale, it may be associated with certain threats. For these reasons, the aim of this paper is to critically analyze the possible directions of water management in buildings in order to reduce water consumption and increase the efficiency of its use. As part of the introduction, the model “towards a water circular economy for households” is presented and the possibilities of minimizing water consumption in buildings are discussed. The prospects for reducing the consumption of tap water are discussed in terms of existing opportunities, but also threats, barriers and limitations. A SWOT analysis of the implementation of drinking-water consumption reduction in cities is presented. The challenges faced by engineers, constructors, policy makers and consumers, and the potentialities for the development of this stage of the water life cycle, are considered. The conclusions summarize the current state and perspectives of water management in buildings. Based on the conducted analysis, suggested directions of activities for cities of the future in the technical, technological as well as socio-economic fields are indicated. There should be broad-based education, and efforts should be made to change the approach to designing and developing new guidelines. The implementation of minimizing water consumption should be accompanied by the control of possible negative effects and actions to mitigate them. In the transformation towards clean and available energy, future success should be seen in minimizing the consumption of drinking water in buildings.
Cutting-Edge HEK293T Protein-Integrated Lipid Nanostructures: Boosting Biocompatibility and Efficacy
Authors: Park Jung-Hyun , Bai Cheng-Zhe , Kwak Jeong-Hun , Choi Ho-Joong , Lee Dosang , Hong Ha-Eun , Kim Ok-Hee , Kim Say-June
Published: March 2024

Recently, artificial exosomes have been developed to overcome the challenges of natural exosomes, such as production scalability and stability. In the production of artificial exosomes, the incorporation of membrane proteins into lipid nanostructures is emerging as a notable approach for enhancing biocompatibility and treatment efficacy. This study focuses on incorporating HEK293T cell-derived membrane proteins into liposomes to create membrane-protein-bound liposomes (MPLCs), with the goal of improving their effectiveness as anticancer therapeutics. MPLCs were generated by combining two key elements: lipid components that are identical to those in conventional liposomes (CLs) and membrane protein components uniquely derived from HEK293T cells. An extensive comparison of CLs and MPLCs was conducted across multiple in vitro and in vivo cancer models, employing advanced techniques such as cryo-TEM (tramsmission electron microscopy) imaging and FT-IR (fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). MPLCs displayed superior membrane fusion capabilities in cancer cell lines, with significantly higher cellular uptake. Additionally, MPLCs maintained their morphology and size better than CLs when exposed to FBS (fetal bovine serum), suggesting enhanced serum stability. In a xenograft mouse model using HeLa and ASPC cancer cells, intravenous administration of MPLCs MPLCs accumulated more in tumor tissues, highlighting their potential for targeted cancer therapy. Overall, these results indicate that MPLCs have superior tumor-targeting properties, possibly attributable to their membrane protein composition, offering promising prospects for enhancing drug delivery efficiency in cancer treatments. This research could offer new clinical application opportunities, as it uses MPLCs with membrane proteins from HEK293T cells, which are known for their efficient production and compatibility with GMP (good manufacturing practice) standards.
An Estrogen–NK Cells Regulatory Axis in Endometriosis, Related Infertility, and Miscarriage
Authors: Yang Shaoliang , Wang Haiyan , Li Dajin , Li Mingqing
Published: March 2024

Endometriosis is a common estrogen-dependent condition that impacts 8–10% of women in their reproductive age, resulting in notable pain, morbidity, and infertility. Despite extensive research endeavors, the precise cause of endometriosis remains elusive, and the mechanisms contributing to its associated infertility are still not well comprehended. Natural killer (NK) cells, vital innate immune cells crucial for successful pregnancy, have been investigated for their potential involvement in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Prior research has mainly concentrated on the diminished cytotoxicity of NK cells in endometrial fragments that evade the uterus. Interestingly, accumulating evidence suggests that NK cells play multifaceted roles in regulating the biology of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), promoting local immune tolerance, influencing endometrial receptivity, oocyte development, and embryo implantation, thereby contributing to infertility and miscarriage in patients with endometriosis. In this comprehensive review, our goal is to summarize the current literature and provide an overview of the implications of NK cells in endometriosis, especially concerning infertility and pregnancy loss, under the influence of estrogen.
Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis of Exogenous NAA Effects on Maize Seedling Root Systems under Potassium Deficiency
Authors: Zhou Dongying , Zhang Yuanchun , Dong Qiqi , Wang Kai , Zhang He , Du Qi , Wang Jing , Wang Xiaoguang , Yu Haiqiu , Zhao Xinhua
Published: March 2024

Auxin plays a crucial role in regulating root growth and development, and its distribution pattern under environmental stimuli significantly influences root plasticity. Under K deficiency, the interaction between K+ transporters and auxin can modulate root development. This study compared the differences in root morphology and physiological mechanisms of the low-K-tolerant maize inbred line 90-21-3 and K-sensitive maize inbred line D937 under K-deficiency (K+ = 0.2 mM) with exogenous NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid, NAA = 0.01 mM) treatment. Root systems of 90-21-3 exhibited higher K+ absorption efficiency. Conversely, D937 seedling roots demonstrated greater plasticity and higher K+ content. In-depth analysis through transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed that 90-21-3 and D937 seedling roots showed differential responses to exogenous NAA under K-deficiency. In 90-21-3, upregulation of the expression of K+ absorption and transport-related proteins (proton-exporting ATPase and potassium transporter) and the enrichment of antioxidant-related functional genes were observed. In D937, exogenous NAA promoted the responses of genes related to intercellular ethylene and cation transport to K-deficiency. Differential metabolite enrichment analysis primarily revealed significant enrichment in flavonoid biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, and hormone signaling pathways. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis is a crucial pathway, with core genes (related to peroxidase enzyme) and core metabolites upregulated in 90-21-3. The findings suggest that under K-deficiency, exogenous NAA induces substantial changes in maize roots, with the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway playing a crucial role in the maize root’s response to exogenous NAA regulation under K-deficiency.
The TAM Subfamily of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: The Early Years
Authors: Prieto Anne L. , Lai Cary
Published: March 2024

The TAMs are a subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) comprised of three members, Tyro3, Axl and Mer. Evidence in support of the existence of this subfamily emerged from a screen for novel RTKs performed in the laboratory of Dr. Greg Lemke in 1991. A PCR-based approach to selectively amplify tyrosine kinase-specific genes yielded 27 different tyrosine kinase genes, of which 13 were novel (the “Tyros”). Of these, Tyro3, 7 and 12 were more closely related to each other than to any other kinases and it was proposed that they constituted a novel subfamily of RTKs. Additional support for this hypothesis required determining the complete sequences for these receptor tyrosine kinases. By the end of 1991, full-length sequences for Tyro7 (Axl) revealed a unique extracellular domain organization that included two immunoglobulin-like domains and two fibronectin type III repeats. In 1994, the complete sequences for Tyro12 (Mer) and Tyro3 were shown to have an extracellular region domain structure similar to that of Axl. In 1995, Gas6 and Pros1 were reported as ligands for Tyro3 and Axl, setting the stage for functional studies. The Lemke lab and its many trainees have since played leading roles in elucidating the physiological relevance of the TAMs.
Analysis of the Conformational Landscape of the N-Domains of the AAA ATPase p97: Disentangling the Continuous Conformational Variability in Partially Symmetrical Complexes
Authors: Valimehr Sepideh , Vuillemot Rémi , Kazemi Mohsen , Jonic Slavica , Rouiller Isabelle
Published: March 2024

Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has been shown to be effective in defining the structure of macromolecules, including protein complexes. Complexes adopt different conformations and compositions to perform their biological functions. In cryo-EM, the protein complexes are observed in solution, enabling the recording of images of the protein in multiple conformations. Various methods exist for capturing the conformational variability through analysis of cryo-EM data. Here, we analyzed the conformational variability in the hexameric AAA + ATPase p97, a complex with a six-fold rotational symmetric core surrounded by six flexible N-domains. We compared the performance of discrete classification methods with our recently developed method, MDSPACE, which uses 3D-to-2D flexible fitting of an atomic structure to images based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our analysis detected a novel conformation adopted by approximately 2% of the particles in the dataset and determined that the N-domains of p97 sway by up to 60° around a central position. This study demonstrates the application of MDSPACE in analyzing the continuous conformational changes in partially symmetrical protein complexes, systems notoriously difficult to analyze due to the alignment errors caused by their partial symmetry.
Titanium Surfaces with a Laser-Produced Microchannel Structure Enhance Pre-Osteoblast Proliferation, Maturation, and Extracellular Mineralization In Vitro
Authors: Chen Yi-Wen , Chiang Tao , Chen I-Hui , Yuh Da-Yo , Tseng Hsiu-Yang , Wang Chuang-Wei , Hou Hsin-Han
Published: March 2024

The clinical success of dental titanium implants is profoundly linked to implant stability and osseointegration, which comprises pre-osteoblast proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and extracellular mineralization. Because of the bio-inert nature of titanium, surface processing using subtractive or additive methods enhances osseointegration ability but limits the benefit due to accompanying surface contamination. By contrast, laser processing methods increase the roughness of the implant surface without contamination. However, the effects of laser-mediated distinct surface structures on the osteointegration level of osteoblasts are controversial. The role of a titanium surface with a laser-mediated microchannel structure in pre-osteoblast maturation remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of laser-produced microchannels on pre-osteoblast maturation. Pre-osteoblast human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells were seeded on a titanium plate treated with grinding (G), sandblasting with large grit and acid etching (SLA), or laser irradiation (L) for 3–18 days. The proliferation and morphology of pre-osteoblasts were evaluated using a Trypan Blue dye exclusion test and fluorescence microscopy. The mRNA expression, protein expression, and protein secretion of osteogenic differentiation markers in pre-osteoblasts were evaluated using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction, a Western blot assay, and a multiplex assay, respectively. The extracellular calcium precipitation of pre-osteoblast was measured using Alizarin red S staining. Compared to G- and SLA-treated titanium surfaces, the laser-produced microchannel surfaces enhanced pre-osteoblast proliferation, the expression/secretion of osteogenic differentiation markers, and extracellular calcium precipitation. Laser-treated titanium implants may enhance the pre-osteoblast maturation process and provide extra benefits in clinical application.
Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of Four Subgroup Members of the GH13 Family in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Yin Yue , Cui Dongjie , Sun Hao , Guan Panfeng , Zhang Hanfeng , Chi Qing , Jiao Zhen
Published: March 2024

The glycoside hydrolase 13 (GH13) family is crucial for catalyzing α-glucoside linkages, and plays a key role in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Despite its significance, its role in plants remains understudied. This study targeted four GH13 subgroups in wheat, identifying 66 GH13 members from the latest wheat database (IWGSC RefSeq v2.1), including 36 α-amylase (AMY) members, 18 1,4-α-glucan-branching enzyme (SBE) members, 9 isoamylase (ISA) members, and 3 pullulanase (PU) members. Chromosomal distribution reveals a concentration of wheat group 7 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis underscores significant evolutionary distance variations among the subgroups, with distinct molecular structures. Replication events shaped subgroup evolution, particularly in regard to AMY members. Subcellular localization indicates AMY member predominance in extracellular and chloroplast regions, while others localize solely in chloroplasts, confirmed by the heterologous expression of TaSEB16 and TaAMY1 in tobacco. Moreover, 3D structural analysis shows the consistency of GH13 across species. Promoter cis-acting elements are suggested to be involved in growth, stress tolerance, and starch metabolism signaling. The RNA-seq data revealed TaGH13 expression changes under drought and submergence stress, and significant expression variation was observed between strong and weak gluten varieties during seed germination using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), correlating with seed starch content. These findings demonstrate the pivotal role of GH13 family gene expression in wheat germination, concerning variety preference and environmental stress. Overall, this study advances the understanding of wheat GH13 subgroups, laying the groundwork for further functional studies.