bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kesalahan Siswa SMA dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Materi Barisan dan Deret Berdasarkan Kriteria Watson
Authors: Maryani Ai , Chotimah Siti
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menganalisis kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal barisan dan deret dengan menggunakan kriteria Watson. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa SMA kelas XI MIPA SMA Bina Mandiri di Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Instrumen penelitian berupa soal materi barisan dan deret sebanyak lima soal yang telah dilakukan uji validitas, realibilitas, daya pembeda dan tingkat kesukarannya. Selain itu dilakukan pula wawancara terhadap siswa yang dijadikan sampel yaitu tiga orang siswa dengan kategori rendah, sedang dan tinggi. Dari hasil penelitian berdasarkan kriteria Watson diperoleh bahwa kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal materi barisan dan deret adalah kesalahan data tidak tepat, prosedur tidak tepat , data hilang, kesimpulan hilang, konflik level respon, manipulasi tidak langsung, masalah hierarki keterampilan dan kesalahan selain kriteria diatas untuk siswa S1(kategori rendah), sedangkan untuk siswa S2 (kategori sedang) adalah data tidak tepat, prosedur tidak tepat, data hilang maupun kesimpulan hilang. Adapun kesalahan yang sering dilakukan oleh siswa S3 (kategori tinggi) adalah kesimpulan hilang. Semua kriteria kesalahan Watson muncul pada siswa dalam mengerjakan soal barisan dan deret ini. Penyebab dari dilakukannya kesalahan data tidak tepat adalah ketidaktelitian siswa tersebut dalam membaca soal, kesalahan data hilang disebabkan ketergesa-gesaaan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal. Sedangkan kesalahan dalam prosedur pengerjaan dan penarikan kesimpulan ataupun masalah hierarki keterampilan dipengaruhi oleh pemahaman siswa terhadap materi barisan dan deret
Pengembangan Modul Statistika Berbasis Project Based Learning
Authors: Delyana Hafizah , Fauzan Ahmad , Armiati Armiati , Gistituati Nurhizrah , Asmar Ali
Published: August 2021

Berdasarkan pengalaman peneliti yang telah mengajar statistika selama 4 tahun, diketahui bahwa materi yang digunakan selama ini berupa buku teks yang sulit dipahami. Kemudian hasil wawancara dengan 9 mahasiswa juga diperoleh informasi, secara umum mereka menyatakan kesulitan dalam memahami materi yang ada di buku ajar. Pembelajaran ini menunjukkan bahwa buku ajar yang ada belum efektif dan efisien, serta berdampak pada hasil belajar yang diperoleh siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul statistik berbasis PjBL. Model pengembangan yang digunakan adalah model Plomp. Penelitian ini sampai tahap prototyping phase. Pada fase preliminary research yang dilakukan adalah menganalisis silabus, buku ajar, karakter mahasiswa, dan wawancara dengan dosen mata kuliah statistika. Sedangkan, fase prototyping, merancang bahan ajar dan divalidasi oleh dua validator. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah menghitung persentase produk yang dikembangkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata persentase bahan ajar yang dikembangkan pada aspek didaktis, aspek isi, aspek kebahasaan dan aspek tampilan memiliki kriteria sangat valid. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini adalah valid.
Identifikasi Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Peserta Didik Berdasarkan Tipe Kepribadian Hippocrates-Galenus dan Gender
Authors: Pamungkas Danu Yunizar , Siswanto Rizki Dwi
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis peserta didik berdasarkan tipologi kepribadian Hippocrates-Galenus dan gender. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik Purposive Sampling digunakan untuk memilih 8 subjek penelitian yang terdiri dari 2 subjek sanguinis, 2 subjek koleris, 2 subjek melankolis, 2 subjek plegmatis dengan gender yang berbeda dari masing-masing kepribadian. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu angket, tes, dan wawancara. Teknik triangulasi yang dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis dengan hasil wawancara. Kesimpulan penelitian ini, sanguinis laki-laki lebih baik dari sanguinis perempuan dalam aspek pemahaman masalah, koleris laki-laki dapat lebih baik dibandingkan koleris perempuan mengenai aspek menjelaskan dan memeriksa kebenaran jawaban yang diperoleh sedangkan untuk aspek lain koleris perempuan lebih baik daripada koleris laki-laki, melankolis laki-laki lebih baik dari melankolis perempuan dalam aspek menjelaskan dan memeriksa kebenaran jawaban yang diperoleh sedangkan melankolis perempuan sangat baik dalam aspek membuat/menyusun model matematika, plegmatis perempuan lebih baik dari plegmatis laki-laki dalam aspek menunjukkan pemahaman masalah dan membuat atau menyusun model matematika.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Matematika Berbasis Matematika Terapan pada Materi Matriks
Authors: Yuliastuti Rahma , Soebagyo Joko
Published: August 2021

Pembelajaran di SMK belum banyak menyentuh materi yang sesuai dengan bidang kejuruan. Matematika SMK khususnya pada materi matriks belum memperlihatkan jangkauan materi matematika terapan berdasarkan pengamatan awal buku sekolah elektronik (BSE). Hal tersebut mengakibatkan mereka belum memiliki kemampuan untuk memenuhi persyaratan karena materi yang diberikan tidak membantu siswa membuat koneksi ke dunia mereka. Tujuannya penelitian untuk mewujudkan bahan ajar matematika berbasis matematika terapan pada materi matriks yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Metode penelitian yang dipakai yaitu Research and Development (R&D) model ADDIE dengan 5 tahap. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMKN 1 Tangerang Selatan. Instrumen penelitian meliputi lembar validasi ahli materi dan ahli media, angket kepraktisan bahan ajar oleh guru, dan angket respon siswa terhadap bahan ajar. Berdasarkan penelitian diperoleh hasil validasi bahan ajar oleh ahli materi dan ahli media dengan rata-rata persentase 84,12% (Sangat Layak), respon guru dengan persentase 88,70% (Sangat Baik), dan tanggapan siswa terhadap bahan ajar dengan rata-rata persentase 74,10% (Baik). Hasil temuan menerangkan bahwa bahan ajar matematika berbasis matematika terapan pada materi matriks dikatakan valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk digunakan. Valid dinilai oleh ahli dengan aspek yang ditentukan BSNP, praktis tergantung dari pendapat guru, dan efektif ditetapkan oleh pengalaman siswa dengan respon terhadap bahan ajar tersebut.
Steam-PBL: Strategi Pengembangan Kemampuan Memecahkan Masalah Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Putri Suci Utami , Taqiudin Abdurrohman Ahmad
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses STEAM-Project Based Learning (STEAM-PBL) serta mengidentifikasi perkembangan kemampuan pemecahan masalah selama kegiatan berlangsung.  Pada penelitian ini digunakan mixed method concurrent embedded design yang mengombinasikan data kualitatif berupa deskripsi aktivitas belajar dan data kuantitatif terkait kemampuan pemecahan masalah anak yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan lembar observasi. Partisipan yang terlibat adalah 14 anak usia 5-6 tahun di salah satu TK di Kabupaten Purwakarta yang diamati selama satu bulan kegiatan penelitian berlangsung. Data aktivitas belajar dianalisis secara deskriptif sedangkan data perkembangan kemampuan memecahkan masalah dianalisis dengan menghitung jumlah dan persentase anak yang masuk ke dalam kriteria perkembangan tertentu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  pembelajaran STEAM-PBL di PAUD dilakukan melalui tahapan reflection, research, discovery, application dan communication. Sementara itu, kemampuan memecahkan masalah anak mengalami perkembangan yang semula pada umumnya berada pada kriteria “Belum berkembang” dan “Mulai Berkembang” meningkat menjadi “Berkembang Sesuai Harapan” dan “Berkembang Sangat Baik”’.
Implementasi Manajemen Pendidikan Berbasis Masyarakat dalam Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Wahyudin Undang Ruslan
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui informasi secara lebih jauh mengenai implementasi manajemen pendidikan berbasis masyarakat dalam penyelenggaraan penjaminan mutu pendidikan anak usia dini. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di RA Al-Hilal Cikarang sangat dipengaruhi oleh pelibatan masyarakat / partisipasi masyarakat yang dijadikan pendekatan melalui dua strategi utama yaitu budaya transparansi pengelolaan sumber daya pendidikan dan penerapan budaya akuntabilitas dalam penyelenggaraan pengelolaan pendidikan berbasis masyarakat pada penjaminan mutu Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Reaction of grapevine rootstocks and cultivars to Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria and M. hapla
Authors: Vega-Callo Ricardo Andreé , Tamo-Zegarra Juan José , Belle Cristiano
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the reaction of six grapevine rootstocks (MGT 101-14, Ritcher 110, Paulsen 1103, K 5BB, SO4, Salt creek) and two cultivars (Quebranta and Torontel) to three species of the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria and M.hapla). The experiment was performed as a completely randomized design with an 8 × 3 factorial scheme and six replicates per treatment. The experimental unit in each replicate comprised a grapevine cutting planted in 3 kg bags with sterilized soil. Cuttings were inoculated with 5000 eggs + juveniles (J2) of M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. hapla. Six months after inoculation, plants were removed from the bags, and the reaction was determined by evaluating the number of galls (NG), number of nematodes per gram of root (NNGR), and reproduction factor (RF). The evaluated rootstocks, MGT 101-14, Ritcher 110, Paulsen 1103, K 5BB, SO4 and Salt Creek, were resistant to M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. hapla, except for Salt creek, which was susceptible to the latter. The Quebranta and Torontel cultivars were susceptible to the  Meloidogyne species under study.
Observation of the exoplanetary transit for Wasp-2
Authors: Ignatov Vladimir , Gorbachev Mark , Shlyapnikov Aleksei
Published: August 2021

We present observations of the exoplanet transit for the WASP-2 star carried out with the MTM-500 telescope at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A brief history of the discovery of the exoplanet WASP-2b is considered. The main characteristics are outlined. The observations and a processing procedure are described. Analysis of the obtained results was performed and compared with information from the ETD and NASA Exoplanet Archive databases. The photometry data of the WASP-2 star and the comparison star GSC 0052201406 are given in the Appendix to the article.
Archives of CrAO spectral observations. Catalogues of objects and images
Authors: Shlyapnikov Aleksei , Gorbunov Maksim , Gоrbachev Mark , Akmetdinov Ruslan
Published: August 2021

The work described in this article is a continuation of the previously initiated research on archival spectral observations carried out in Crimea. It covers a time interval of about 90 years and contains information about spectroscopy using various facilities: from the wide-angle astrographs with an objective prism to the main CrAO telescope - ZTSh. A brief history of telescopes and their equipment is presented. The article is illustrated with possibilities of a network access to the catalogues of observations taken with various instruments in the interactive Aladin Sky Atlas with the redirection to original spectrograms. To this aim, the linear coordinates of scanned negatives were converted into a scale that corresponds to the wavelengths. The possibilities of taking into account the spectral sensitivity of the recorded images by the absolute energy distribution are shown. A feature of this work is the connection of digitized original observations and results of their independent processing with data published for objects in the Izvestiya Krymskoi Astrofizicheskoi Observatorii
UJI TINGKAT KESESUAIAN NILAI JUAL OBJEK PAJAK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI ASSESSMENT RATIO
Authors: Adhipradana Prabu Swasito
Published: August 2021

The decentralization of PBB-P2 in Indonesia is expected to produce a better PBB-P2 administration system. One indicator of a better PBB-P2 administration system is a fair collection of PBB-P2 based on tax base (NJOP) valuation close to market prices. This study examines whether NJOP, as the basis for the imposition of PBB-P2, is in accordance with the market price using the assessment ratio. This study found that the current level of accuracy of the NJOP has not met the standard agreed upon by the IAAO. In addition, this study also found that the NJOP accuracy rate in big cities was slightly better than the NJOP accuracy rate in other cities. In addition, this study also found that there was no positive correlation between NJOP updating activities through SPOP filling and NJOP accuracy.

Desentralisasi PBB-P2 di Indonesia diharapkan menghasilkan sistem penatausahaan PBB-P2 yang lebih baik. Salah satu indikator dari sistem penatausahaan PBB-P2 yang lebih baik adalah pemungutan PBB-P2 yang adil dengan dasar pengenaan pajak (NJOP) yang mendekati harga pasar. Studi ini meneliti apakah NJOP sebagai dasar pengenaan PBB-P2 sudah sesuai dengan harga pasar menggunakan assessment ratio. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa tingkat akurasi NJOP saat ini belum memenuhi standar yang disepakati oleh IAAO. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa tingkat akurasi NJOP di kota besar, sedikit lebih baik dibanding tingkaat akurasi NJOP di kota-kota lainnya. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa tidak ada korelasi positif antara kegiatan pemutakhiran NJOP melalui pengisian SPOP dengan tingkat akurasi NJOP.
Linking to the real world: contextual teaching and learning of statistical hypothesis testing
Authors: Lago Jeanne Marie L. , Ortega-Dela Cruz Ruth
Published: August 2021

The study used experimental research design to randomly selected senior high school students in analysing their attitude and achievement in statistics when contextual teaching is implemented. In addition to structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews with the students were also conducted to provide rich descriptions about learning experiences with contextual teaching. Results revealed that students have positive attitude towards statistics and that students learn better with contextualized instruction than direct instruction. With this, contextualized instruction must be promoted in teaching statistics. By linking it to the real world, students would be able to view statistics more than just a subject.  Thus, it makes the statistical hypothesis testing learning more enjoyable and exciting.
The influence of artificial selection on wing spot sizes, and the relationship between forewing and hindwing spots in the Meadow Brown Butterfly Maniola jurtina (Linnaeus, 1758), ssp. cassiteridum Graves, 1930 ab. anticrassipuncta Leeds, 1950 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae,
Satyrinae)
Authors: Barrington Rupert
Published: August 2021

Four generations of butterflies were reared from two female Maniola jurtina (Linnaeus, 1758) with enlarged apical spots (ab. anticrassipuncta Leeds, 1950) captured on St Mary's, Isles of Scilly, UK in 2013. The aim was to see how far this character could be developed through
inbreeding. Previous work by Brakefield & van Noordwijk (1985) has looked at the relationship between forewing and hindwing spotting. The specimens retained from this experiment offered an opportunity to assess the correlation between the forewing spot size, additional forewing spots and
hindwing spot size and number. A correlation was found between the area of the forewing spot and the number of additional spots, on both forewings and hindwings. A correlation was also found between the area of the apical spot and the summed area of all hindwing spots. However, when apical
spot size was tested against an individual hindwing spot, a correlation in size was found in the male, but this was of far lower value in the female.
Colour variation linked to host-plants in the endemic beetle currently known as Ceutorhynchus contractus (Marsham, 1802) form pallipes Crotch, 1866 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Lundy, Devon
Authors: Key Roger S. , Key Rosy J. D. , Craven Jenny C. , Compton Stephen G.
Published: August 2021

Uniquely in Britain, the small island of Lundy has an endemic plant that supports two species of beetles that are also endemic. The Lundy Cabbage Weevil (currently called Ceutorhynchus contractus form pallipes) was originally distinguished from mainland C. contractus
by its yellow legs, but genetic and morphological studies have shown that f. pallipes can have either black or yellow legs. Over a period of 25 years we monitored the frequencies of the two colour varieties on its two main food plants, Coincya wrightii and Cochlearia danica.
Consistent differences were maintained, with roughly equal colour frequencies on Coincya wrightii and black individuals more common on Cochlearia danica, even when host-plants were growing close together. We provide possible explanations for this persistent but enigmatic difference.
High-altitude migration of Psylloidea (Hemiptera) over England
Authors: Greenslade Alexander F. C. , Chapman Jason W. , Reynolds Don R.
Published: August 2021

Some species of psyllid (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) are known to make high-altitude windborne migrations, but compared with their sister superfamily, the Aphidoidea, our knowledge of these movements is rudimentary and unsystematised. Here we have extracted psyllid capture data from day
and night aerial sampling carried out at a height of 200 m above ground at Cardington, Bedfordshire, UK, during summers between 1999 and 2007. These records were consolidated with high-altitude psyllid catches made over England during the 1930s and with some other trapping results from northwest
Europe which were indicative of migration. Information on aerial densities, diel flight periodicity, and the sex-ratio of the aerial psyllid populations is presented. We also compared our results with those of a recent study which used the Rothamsted Insect Survey network of suction traps
(sampling at a height of 12.2 m); this provided confirmative evidence that the suction-traps were indeed detecting migrating psyllids. Finally, both aerial netting and suction trap data were used to tentatively interpret the seasonal timing of migrations in terms of the breeding/overwintering
cycles of some common psyllid species.
Mengubah Sampah Menjadi Bisnis
Authors: Daga Rosnaini
Published: August 2021

Saat ini sampah masih menjadi masalah besar bagi kota besar di Indonesia khususnya di kota Makassar. Pertambahan penduduk yang disertai dengan tingginya arus urbanisasi ke perkotaan telah menyebabkan semakin tingginya volume sampah yang dihasilkan oleha masyarakat setiap hari. Hal tersebut bertambah sulit karena keterbatasan lahan untuk Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) sampah. Pengangkutan sampah ke TPA juga terkendala karena jumlah kendaraan yang kurang mencukupi dan kondisi peralatan yang telah tua. TPA sampah di Makassar, dimana tempat menampung sampah yang diproduksi oleh penduduk kota Makassar, berlokasi di Tamangapa. Sejalan dengan perjalanan waktu, daya tampung TPA ini menjadi semakin terbatas. Timbunan sampah TPA termaksud semakin menggunung karena belum dilakukannya pengolahan sampah yang dapat mengurangi volume sampah secara signifikan. Dengan kata lain, kesenjangan antara laju pasokan sampah ke lokasi ini dengan laju pelapukan dan pengolahan sampah di lokasi termaksud, semakin lama semakin besar. Sekaitan dengan itulah maka sudah sangat mendesak untuk melakukan pengolahan sampah di TPA Tamangapa. Untuk itu perlu dikembangkan suatu usaha pengolahan sampah dengan kapasitas dan spesifikasi yang dapat mengolah sampah di TPA tersebut dan sekaligus mengantisipasi dan atau mengatasi masalah persampahan di kota Makassar dan sekitarnya, secara berkesinambungan, pada masa mendatang.
DIAGNOSTIK KESULITAN BELAJAR PADA SISWA KELAS V SDN INPRES PANNARA
Authors: Hilda
Published: August 2021

diagnostik kesulitan belajar merupakan salah satu cara yang disarankan penulis untuk mengatasi masalah kesulitan belajar yang dialami oleh peserta didik. Hal ini disebabkan karena konsep diagnostik kesulitan belajar ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yang memang cukup efektif menjadi solusi untuk masalah tersebut. Konsep diagnostik kesulitan belajar dan pengajaran remedial juga disarankan penulis untuk dipahami oleh calon pendidik yang akan terjun langsung ke dunia pendidikan dan menghadapi masalah kesulitan belajar pada peserta didik.
Holographic surface and focusing
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: August 2021

Holographic surface and focusing
Konseling Pastoral : Analisis Efektifitas Konseling dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Gereja
Authors: Sumarto Yonatan Joe
Published: August 2021

This paper deals with one of the most pressing needs of today that the Church should do. Members of the congregation desperately need counseling services to answer the problems they face in their lives in private. Thus, it is necessary to establish a counseling service within the Church, with the aim of helping, guiding, directing, guiding members out of the problems they face, thereby resulting in a better life cycle.Today many members of the congregation are troubled both in the family, resulting in their family life away from worship, alcoholic beverages and marriage of different religions, to see such things there needs to be counseling services present in the church.
Urgensi Riset Agama
Authors: Sofanudin Aji
Published: August 2021

GAGASAN presiden Jokowi untuk mengonsolidasikan seluruh SDM peneliti sangat bagus. Gagasan ini, kemudian didukung oleh DPR dengan munculnya UU Nomor 11 Tahun 2019 tentang Sistem Nasional Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi. Secara lebih operasional, muncul Perpres Nomor 33 Tahun 2021 tentang Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN) sebagai tindak lanjut dari Perpres Nomor 74 Tahun 2019.Dalam Perpres Nomor 33 Tahun 2021, selain mengatur BRIN sebagai lembaga yang menjalankan Litbangjirap serta invensi dan inovasi, pemerintah dearah (provinsi dan kab/kota) dapat membentuk Badan Riset dan Inovasi Daerah (Brida). BRIN merupakan lembaga pemerintah yang berada di bawah dan bertanggung jawab kepada presiden. Sementara BRIDA dibentuk oleh kepala daerah (Gubernur/ Bupati/Walikota) sesuai kebutuhan daerah masing-masing.Sayang, regulasi tersebut alpa mengatur riset bidang agama. Ketentuan dalam Pasal 9 Perpres Nomor 33 Tahun 2021, tidak menyebutkan adanya kedeputian yang membidangi masalah agama dan keagamaan. Ibarat rumah, tidak tersedia kamar bagi peneliti bidang agama dan keagamaan dalam rumah baru BRIN.
LAYANAN BIMBINGAN BELAJAR DI SD
Authors: Datulengken Nurti
Published: August 2021

Proses belajar merupakan suatu proses yang mengandung serangkaian pelaksanaan oleh guru dan siswa atas dasar hubungan timbal-balik yang berlangsung dalam situasi edukatif untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu. Interaksi atau hubungan timbal balik antara guru dan siswa ini merupakan syarat utama bagi berlangsungnya proses pembelajaran.
COVID-19 and Rheumatoid Arthritis Crosstalk: Emerging association, therapeutic options, and challenges
Authors: Kandimalla Ramesh , Dewanjee Saikat , Kalra Rajkumar Singh , Valupadas Chandrasekhar , Vallamkondu Jayalakshmi , Kolli Viswakalyan , Reddy P. Arubala , Reddy P. Hemachandra
Published: August 2021

Excessive immune activation and cytokine release in alveoli/lung structures is a prominent sign of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathology caused by infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The progressive sign of pro-inflammatory cytokines elicited in COVID-19 clinically resembles hyper immune-reactive features often seen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disorder. Recent clinical data from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic conferred the severity and risk of COVID-19 to RA patients. Amid the evidence of musculoskeletal manifestations involving immune-inflammation-dependent mechanisms and cases of arthralgia and/or myalgia in COVID-19, crosstalk between COVID-19 and RA is debated. The present review sheds light on the overlapping COVID-19 and RA clinical features, aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in RA development, and associated risks. It also confers whether RA can worsen COVID-19 outcomes based on available clinical readouts. To gain mechanistic insights into the overlapping immune-inflammatory features in SARS-CoV-2 infection and RA, we reviewed the emerging links of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-dependent and macrophage-mediated pathways. Moreover, a detailed review of immediate challenges and key recommendations for anti-rheumatic drugs in the COVID-19 setting was presented for better clinical monitoring and management of RA patients. Taken together, present review summarizes available knowledge on the emerging COVID-19 and RA crosstalk and their mechanistic overlaps, challenges, and therapeutic options.
The economic growth and affecting factors in Sumatera island
Authors: Nagara Patria , yolanda
Published: August 2021

The indicators of success in macro development can be measured from the economic growth, which is reflected in changes in the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). The factors which affect the economic growth are very complex. This study analyzes the economic growth and the factors that affect Sumatra island. The data used is panel data with descriptive analysis techniques and multiple linear regression. Based on the research results: Education, economic openness, road infrastructure, and investment have a positive and significant effect on economic growth and poverty and unemployment have a negative and significant effect on economic growth. Besides, the results of panel data explained that the openness of the economy to economic growth is very low, while the highest is education.
Makalah Persegi Panjang
Authors: Wulandari Sri
Published: August 2021

Catatan tentang materi Persegi panjang
Ice viscosity is more sensitive to stress than commonly assumed
Authors: Millstein Joanna , Minchew Brent , Pegler Samuel
Published: August 2021

Accurate representation of the viscous flow of ice is fundamental to understanding glacier dynamics and projecting sea-level rise. Ice viscosity is often described by a simple but largely untested and uncalibrated constitutive relation, Glen’s Flow Law, wherein the rate of deformation is proportional to stress raised to the power n. The value n = 3 is commonly prescribed in ice-flow models, though observations and experiments support a range of values across stresses and temperatures found on Earth. Here, we leverage recent remotely-sensed observations of Antarctic ice shelves to show that Glen’s Flow Law approximates the viscous flow of ice with n = 4.1 ± 0.4 in fast-flowing areas. The viscosity and flow rate of ice are therefore more sensitive to changes in stress than most ice-flow models allow. By calibrating the governing equation of ice deformation, our result is a pathway towards improving projections of future glacier change.
Subsurface temperature of the northern North Sea Basin
Authors: Sarkar Arka Dyuti , Huuse Mads
Published: August 2021

The North Viking Graben (NVG) is part of the mature North Sea Basin petroleum province and designated as a major carbon storage basin for NW Europe. It has been extensively drilled over five decades with an abundance of well and seismic data in the public domain. As such it serves as an excellent setting to demonstrate the efficacy of a proprietary seismic data led approach to modelling subsurface temperatures using a state-of-the-art full waveform inversion velocity model covering the entire NVG. In a forward modelling problem, an empirical velocity to thermal conductivity transform is used in conjunction with predefined heat flow to predict subsurface temperature. The predefined heat flow parameters are set based on the range of values from previous studies in the area. Abundant well data with bottom hole temperature (BHT) records provide calibration of results. In the inverse modelling problem, BHT’s as well as the velocity derived thermal conductivity are used to solve a 1D steady state approximation of Fourier’s Law for heat flow. In this way heat flow is interpolated over the 12000 km2 model area at a km scale (lateral) resolution, highlighting lateral variability in comparison to the traditional point-based heat flow datasets. This heat flow is used to condition a final iterative loop of forward modelling to produce a temperature model that is best representative of the subsurface temperature. Calibration against 139 exploration wells indicate that the predicted temperatures are on average only 0.6 °C warmer than the recorded values, with a root mean squared error range of 5 °C. BHT for the recently completed Northern Lights carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) well 31/5-7 (Eos) has been modelled to be 97 °C, which is within 6 °C of the recorded BHT. This serves to highlight the applicability of this workflow not only towards enhancing petroleum systems modelling work but also for use in the energy transition and for fundamental scientific purposes.
Mother-child similarity in brain morphology: A comparison of structural characteristics of the brain’s reading network
Authors: Fehlbaum Lynn V. , Peters Lien , Dimanova Plamina , ROELL Margot , Borbás Réka , Ansari Daniel , Raschle Nora Maria
Published: August 2021

Background: Substantial evidence acknowledges the complex gene-environment interplay impacting brain development and learning. Intergenerational neuroimaging allows the assessment of familial transfer effects on brain structure, function and behavior by investigating neural similarity in caregiver-child dyads. Methods: Neural similarity in the human reading network was assessed through well-used measures of brain structure (i.e., surface area (SA), gyrification (lG), sulcal morphology, gray matter volume (GMV) and cortical thickness (CT)) in 69 mother-child dyads (children’s age~11y). Regions of interest for the reading network included left-hemispheric inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobe and fusiform gyrus. Mother-child similarity was quantified by correlation coefficients and familial specificity was tested by comparison to random adult-child dyads. Sulcal morphology analyses focused on occipitotemporal sulcus interruptions and similarity was assessed by chi-square goodness of fit. Results: Significant structural brain similarity was observed for mother-child dyads in the reading network for lG, SA and GMV (r=0.349/0.534/0.542, respectively), but not CT. Sulcal morphology associations were non-significant. Structural brain similarity in lG, SA and GMV were specific to parent- child pairs. Furthermore, structural brain similarity for SA and GMV was higher compared to CT. Conclusion: Intergenerational neuroimaging techniques promise to enhance our knowledge of familial transfer effects on brain development and disorders.
Effective Connectivity During an Avoidance-Based Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Task
Authors: Petrie Daniel , Chow Sy-Miin , Geier Charles
Published: August 2021

Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) refers to a phenomenon whereby a classically conditioned stimulus (CS) impacts the motivational salience of instrumental behavior. We examined behavioral response patterns and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based effective connectivity during an avoidance-based PIT task. Eleven participants (8 females; Mage = 28.2, SD = 2.8, range = 25-32 years) completed the task. Effective connectivity between a priori brain regions engaged during the task was determined using hemodynamic response function group iterative multiple model estimation (HRF-GIMME). Behaviorally, participants exhibited specific PIT, a CS previously associated with a reinforcing outcome increased instrumental responding directed at the same outcome. We did not find evidence for general PIT; a CS did not significantly increase instrumental responding towards a different but related outcome. Using HRF-GIMME, we recovered effective connectivity maps among corticostriatal circuits engaged during the task. Group-level paths revealed directional effects from left putamen to right insula and from right putamen to right cingulate. Importantly, a direct effect of specific PIT stimuli on blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activity in the left putamen was found. Results provide initial evidence of effective connectivity in key brain regions in an avoidance-based PIT task network. This study adds to the literature studying PIT effects in humans and employing GIMME models to understand how psychological phenomena are supported in the brain.
Transitive Mate Preferences
Authors: Wang Hongyi , He Lisheng
Published: August 2021

Rational mate choices are central to individual happiness and collective social goods. Yet, few studies assess mate choice rationality from the decision-theoretic perspective. Here we present an experimental test of rationality in human mate preferences through the lens of transitivity, a fundamental hallmark of rational decision-making. In the experiment, participants made repeated binary choices between pairs of potential romantic partners in both short-term and long-term mating contexts. We tested the transitivity of mate preferences by systematically comparing four prominent transitive models with four models that allow for intransitive preferences on the choice data. Overall, all transitive models provided better accounts than the intransitive models in Bayesian model selection and strong stochastic transitivity (SST), the most restrictive transitive model, outperformed other transitive models. On the individual level, participants rarely displayed intransitive cycles and most of them were best described by transitive models in Bayesian model selection. Our paper presents a systematic evaluation of transitivity in mate preferences and sheds new light on our understanding of human mating behavior.
Complexity Aversion in Risky Choices and Valuations: Moderators and Possible Causes
Authors: Oberholzer Yvonne , Olschewski Sebastian , Scheibehenne Benjamin
Published: August 2021

In the age of digitalization and globalization, an abundance of information is available, and our decision environments have become increasingly complex. However, it remains unclear under what circumstances complexity affects risk taking. In two experiments with monetary lotteries (one with a stratified national sample), we investigate behavioral effects and provide a cognitive explanation for the impact of complexity on risk taking. Results show that complexity, defined as the number of possible outcomes of a risky lottery, decreased the choice probability of an option but had a smaller and less consistent effect when evaluating lotteries independently. Importantly, choices of participants who spent more time looking at the complex option were less affected by complexity. A tendency to avoid cognitive effort can explain these effects, as the effort associated with evaluating the complex option can be sidestepped in choice tasks, but less so in valuation tasks. Further, the effect of complexity on valuations was influenced by individual differences in cognitive ability, such that people with higher cognitive ability showed less complexity aversion. Together, the results show that the impact of complexity on risk taking depends on both, decision environments and individual differences and we discuss cognitive processes that could give rise to these effects.
Right-hemisphere coherence to speech at pre-reading stages predicts reading performance one year later
Authors: Ríos López Paula , Molinaro Nicola , Bourguignon Mathieu , Lallier Marie
Published: August 2021

The hypothesis that neural entrainment to the low-frequency modulations of speech contributes significantly to reading acquisition receives increasing support in the literature. Still, no previous study has actually attempted to establish a longitudinal link between them. The present study tested Basque-speaking children twice: once before reading was formally instructed (t1; 5-6 years old) and once after they had received a full school year of reading instruction (t2; 6-7 years old). At t1, speech-brain coherence was recorded via EEG. At t2, in addition to the coherence measure, reading performance was assessed. Our results show that children with larger pre-reading delta-band (< 1 Hz) speech-brain coherence at right sites of the scalp performed better in the reading tasks one year later. Moreover, the increase in coherence from pre-reading into reading stages tended to correlate negatively with reading outcome. The latter result, though statistically weak, suggests that reading instruction might lead to the recruitment of less delta tracking resources. Overall, our results provide preliminary support for a relevant contribution of right-hemisphere speech-brain coherence to successful reading development and point towards pre-reading neural coherence indexes as useful tools for the early detection of developmental reading disorders.
Diálogo, separación y suspensión: prácticas de manejo de conflictos en escuelas primarias mexicanas
Authors: Perales Franco Cristina
Published: August 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo dar cuenta del análisis de las características de tres prácticas comunes de manejo de conflicto en dos escuelas primarias públicas mexicanas: el diálogo, la separación de actores y la suspensión, así como valorar sus implicaciones para la convivencia escolar respecto a la construcción de paz, la inclusión y la participación. En su componente metodológico, se presenta la investigación etnográfica de la que se deriva este artículo y el análisis temático y situacional desarrollado. Como marco teórico, se muestra una distinción entre aproximaciones restringidas y amplias de convivencia escolar, y se hace hincapié en los procesos de peacekeeping (mantener la paz), peacemaking (hacer la paz) y peacebuilding (construir la paz) en estas aproximaciones. El resultado central revela que la manera en que se desarrolla el diálogo, la separación y la suspensión da cuenta de una visión restringida de convivencia orientada a controlar los comportamientos inadecuados de los estudiantes, la cual es congruente con un manejo de los conflictos enfocados en el peacekeeping, que restringe la inclusión y la participación de los estudiantes y no conforma acciones sostenibles para transformar los conflictos que lleven a la construcción de paz.
Effect of three organic fertilizers treatments on sensory evaluations of baby spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)
Authors: Parwada C. , Chigiya V. , Ngezimana W. , Chipomho J.
Published: August 2021

Sources of fertilizer are one of the major factors influencing baby spinach leaf texture, sweetness, bitterness and after-taste. However, the effects of fertilizer sources on baby spinach growth performance and consumer preferences are not known. A survey was carried out at the Seke Teachers’ College (SKC) community, Zimbabwe to determine the consumer preferences on the baby spinach grown on the organic fertilizer (cattle, poultry and goat manures) as well as on control inorganic  fertilizers (7% N, 14% P, 7% K). The study used 32 females and 30 males as panellists for sensory evaluations. Organoleptic tests were performed for the baby spinach leaves using a panel of 62 testers. An interval line scale (16 cm long) was used to measure the liking for sweetness, colour, bitterness and after-taste. A 9-point hedonic scale was used to decide the overall preferences. Organoleptic tests showed significant differences (P<0.05) in appearance and taste between the inorganic and organic fertilizers used. The baby spinach leaves grown on organic fertilizers was preferred more compared to that grown on inorganic fertilizer (control). Therefore, it is recommended to use organic fertilizers in baby spinach production in order to satisfy consumer preferences.
Hyperprolactinemia in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Dudar І.О. , Savchuk V.M. , Loboda О.М. , Krasiuk E.K.
Published: August 2021

Despite rapid progress in improving dialysis technology in recent years, mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients remains quite high. The main reasons are cardiovascular disease. The search of factors that are associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an urgent problem of modern nephrology.

Prolactin (PL) is a unique hormone that can perform the functions of both a hormone and a neuropeptide. Among patients with CKD, the frequency of hyperprolactinemia (HPL) increases with decreasing glomerular filtration rate (GFR). There is a moderate HPL due to impaired degradation of PL in the kidneys. Hemodialysis does not affect the level of PL. A negative correlation between the levels of PL and GFR, PL and albumin levels and PL and Hb levels are shown in the studies. Serum PL is positively correlated with blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular events.

Despite the relatively high prevalence of HPL in patients with CKD, particularly in the dialysis population, there is uncertainty about the consequences of this condition for this cohort of patients. Further studies are needed to study the effects of HPL on clinical outcomes in patients with CKD. If a causal relationship between HPL and clinical outcomes, in particular cardiovascular events, is shown, HPL may be a potential target for therapeutic interventions.
History of studying the kidney pathology in the mirror of numismatics. Report 2. Development of nephrology
Authors: Syniachenko O.V. , Kolesnyk M.O. , Stepanova N.M. , Iermolaieva M.V.
Published: August 2021

The branch of historical science of numismatics (from the Latin "numisma" - coin) originated in the 19th century and became closely connected with economics, politics, culture and law, it includes a thematic study of coins, medals and plaque. Best of all, the history of uronephrology is illustrated by various forms of medalist educational art (exonum or paranumismatics), and the medal became the prototype of the memorial coin. This work presents a catalog of more than 400 numismatic materials (including some unique, first cited), reflects the stages of development of the study of the structure and function of the kidneys, methods for diagnosing and treating diseases, there are links to significant historical events, brief biographies of physicians who have made an invaluable contribution are mentioned into the formation of this scientific discipline. The work presents a role in the origin of the study of kidney and urinary tract diseases of ancient physicians (Aretea, Aristotle, Galen, Hippocrates, Rufus, Sushruta, Empedocles) and doctors of the Middle Ages (Avicenna, Da Carpi, Panaskerteli, Paracelsus, Sun Simiao).
Impact of Gender on Clinical Characteristic, Treatment and Outcome in ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Hospital Based Study from North-Eastern India
Authors: Iqbal Farhin , Iqbal Farhin , Dutta Bornali , Barkataki J.C. , Farooqui Waseem , Yadav Arun
Published: August 2021

Background: Data on impact of gender on clinical presentation of ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) are sparse in our country. Gender related difference in STEMI has never been studied in North-Eastern India.
Aim: The present study was undertaken to study the impact of gender on clinical characteristic, treatment and outcome in STEMI.
Methods: We prospectively collected data of 510 STEMI patients from February 2011 to August 2012 in Gauhati Medical College, a tertiary care center in North-Eastern India. We evaluated data on impact of gender in clinical characteristic, treatment, and outcome in STEMI patients.
Results: A total of 510 cases of STEMI were included. Females in STEMI were older (53.6 years in males compared to 58 years in females, P<0.001) and have greater atypical presentation (31.6% in females and 13.98% in males, P<0.001). Females also have higher mean time to presentation and higher incidence of diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and high BMI, whereas males had higher incidence of smoking. Females are less likely to undergo thrombolysis (28.73% in females compared to 44.34% in males, p=0.04) and revascularization (17.5% in males and 9.1% in females p-0.01) during index hospitalization, but standard medical therapy was similar. Women were also more likely to develop heart failure either at presentation or at 30 days and also had a higher 30-day mortality (15.5% in female and 9.8% in male, p value-0.06).
Conclusion: This study represents the first reported study on impact of gender on clinical presentation of STEMI from North-Eastern India and has observed that females have a higher mean age of presentation, higher incidence of atypical presentation, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and high BMI. Females also present later than males, though statistically not significant and also less likely to receive thrombolysis and revascularization than males. The 30-day mortality was also higher in females.
Approaches to the formation of the enterprise development strategy (on the example of furniture production in the Pavlodar region)
Authors: Tursynkhanov D.Zh. , Nurgalieva S.Zh. , Bekniyazova D.S.
Published: August 2021

Object: The article considers new approaches to the formation of the company’s development strategy (on the example of furniture production in the Pavlodar region). In particular, the goal of the study is to evaluate the competitive position of the enterprise, based on the use of a spatial model (SPACE model) and the method of expert assessments, taking into account factors of the internal and external environment.Methods: This research adopts the method of expert assessments, including the quantitative and qualitative research methods with a survey data collection technique. The initial data have been collected by a questionnaire with six point scales, it is used SPACE-model which allows to determine the type of development strategy - the most optimal for the enterprise taking into account the parameters of the external and internal environment of the enterprise.Findings: The results show that the company under study is characterized by an average attractiveness of the furniture market in the city of Pavlodar, a stable financial position, which is limited by an unstable external environment. In addition, the company according to the study has aggressive competitive position in the furniture sales market, which entails the potential ability to resist competitors.Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it is advisable to form and implement a strategy for intensive growth of the studied enterprise, which assumes either a deeper penetration of the enterprise into the existing market with the existing product range or penetration into new markets with the existing range. The authors also recommend the following strategies for intensive growth: 1) the strategy of expanding the market boundaries; 2) the strategy of deep market penetration
The profitability of second-tier banks: essence and main influencing factors
Authors: Yeveskina Zh.T. , Nurgaliyeva А.М. , Chaykovskaya L.A.
Published: August 2021

Object. In this article, based on the aggregate indicators of second-tier banks of the Republic of Kazakhstan, what factors and how they affect the net income of the bank is determined.Methods. During the analysis, a correlation-regression analysis of banking data was carried out using the Stata statistical package, and conclusions were drawn.Findings. To identify the factors that affect the profitability of banks, the interdependencies between the selected indicators were identified. The correlation analysis revealed the relationship between the selected factors and the bank's net income. The density of bonds was determined by testing hypotheses calculated based on pair correlation coefficients.Conclusions. The factor analysis carried out made it possible to identify the main factors affecting the bank's activities and assess the degree of their impact. As a result of the analysis of factors affecting the bank's income in the aggregate indicator of second-tier banks of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the compliance of the results obtained with the expected results was determined.