bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification framework for ICT‐based learning technologies for disabled people
Authors: Hersh Marion
Published: May 2016

The paper presents the first systematic approach to the classification of inclusive information and communication technologies (ICT)‐based learning technologies and ICT‐based learning technologies for disabled people which covers both assistive and general learning technologies, is valid for all disabled people and considers the full range of relevant factors. Classification is important as it contributes to structuring and understanding the field, determining good practice and facilitating the matching of technologies to learners. The classification framework was developed as part of a network project and involved eight stages of model development, validation, commentary and modification using input from partners in 16 countries. The framework comprises three aims and three different classification methodologies: a very detailed methodology, a simple methodology and a classification of end‐user and contextual factors. The detailed methodology is divided into four sections which cover the characteristics of the intended end‐users, features relating specifically to the technology itself; features of contexts in which the technology can be used; and information about the types of learning activities the technology can be used for. The simple classification is divided into three sections, which summarise this information, and the third classification covers additional context specific factors. The framework has a number of important applications, including establishing for the first time a clear structure which can be used to discuss existing ICT‐based learning technologies for disabled people, identify gaps or the need for modifications and support the design and development process for new technologies. The methodologies will also be valuable in identifying technologies suitable for particular students and in supporting the determination of good practice and have an important role in informing policy and determining the future research agenda.
Power in Transition in Marcelo Cohen's ‘La ilusión monarca’
Authors: GERAGHTY NIALL
Published: May 2016

This article examines the changing nature of power relations engendered by the Argentine transition to democracy, as reflected in Marcelo Cohen's short story ‘La ilusión monarca’ (1992). By examining contextual markers dispersed throughout the story, Cohen is shown to problematise Foucault's conception of ‘disciplinary society’ as a means to criticise the legacy of corruption bequeathed by the military dictatorship of 1976–1983. Subsequently, the work of Gilles Deleuze is deployed to demonstrate that Cohen's story philosophically examines the change in power and resistance concomitant with the transition from ‘disciplinary’ to ‘control society’ precipitated by the adoption of neoliberal economics in Argentina.
Whole gene duplication of SCN2A and SCN3A is associated with neonatal seizures and a normal intellectual development
Authors: Thuresson A‐C. , Van Buggenhout G. , Sheth F. , Kamate M. , Andrieux J. , Clayton Smith J. , Soussi Zander C.
Published: May 2016

Duplications at 2q24.3 encompassing the voltage‐gated sodium channel gene cluster are associated with early onset epilepsy. All cases described in the literature have presented in addition with different degrees of intellectual disability, and have involved neighbouring genes in addition to the sodium channel gene cluster. Here, we report eight new cases with overlapping duplications at 2q24 ranging from 0.05 to 7.63 Mb in size. Taken together with the previously reported cases, our study suggests that having an extra copy of SCN2A has an effect on epilepsy pathogenesis, causing benign familial infantile seizures which eventually disappear at the age of 1–2 years. However, the number of copies of SCN2A does not appear to have an effect on cognitive outcome.
Associations between markers of colorectal cancer stem cells, mutation, microRNA and the clinical features of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Yang L. , Levi E. , Du J. H. , Zhou H. H. , Miller R. , Majumdar A. P. N.
Published: May 2016

Aim

Several factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). We investigated markers of cancer cell pluripotency, including CD44 and CD166, microRNA‐21 (miR‐21) and microRNA‐215 (miR‐215), and APC, K‐ras and DCC mutations in biopsy specimens from patients with UC to evaluate any correlations with clinical risk factors.

Method

We observed 18 patients with UC and collected two biopsy specimens from each patient at diagnosis and at a follow‐up end‐point. We examined the expression of CD44, CD166, miR‐21 and miR‐215, and APC, K‐ras and DCC mutations. We compared these markers at the two time points and assessed their associations with clinical characteristics, including the duration of colitis, histological alterations and the age of the patient at the onset of UC.

Results

Most (16/18) patients had alleviation of mucosal inflammation or remained stable during follow‐up; one patient developed dysplasia and one had severe aggravation of the lesion during follow‐up. Enhanced expression of CD44, CD166 and miR‐21 with miR‐215 was found in the specimens obtained at follow‐up, despite alleviation of mucosal lesions. Coherence of cancer stem cell markers and miRNAs was seen in patients who had significant worsening of inflammation, dysplasia and a long duration of colitis. APC mutation occurred in only one patient; this patient had the longest duration of UC (23 years).

Conclusion

Enhanced markers of CRC in follow‐up colonic mucosal samples support the conclusion that the duration of UC plays the most important role in UC‐related carcinogenesis.
Nuclear factor XIIIa staining (clone AC‐1A1 mouse monoclonal) is a sensitive and specific marker to discriminate sebaceous proliferations from other cutaneous clear cell neoplasms
Authors: Uhlenhake Elizabeth E. , Clark Lindsey N. , Smoller Bruce R. , Shalin Sara C. , Gardner Jerad M.
Published: May 2016

Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare but serious malignancy that may be difficult to diagnose when poorly differentiated. Other epithelial tumors with clear cell change may mimic sebaceous carcinoma. Few useful or specific immunohistochemical markers for sebaceous differentiation are available. Nuclear staining with factor XIIIa (clone AC‐1A1) was recently found to be a highly sensitive marker of sebaceous differentiation. We evaluated nuclear factor XIIIa (AC‐1A1) staining in sebaceous neoplasms vs. other cutaneous clear cell tumors. We stained 27 sebaceous proliferations: sebaceous hyperplasia (7), sebaceous adenoma (8), sebaceoma (5), sebaceous carcinoma (7). We also stained 67 tumors with clear cell change: basal cell carcinoma (8), squamous cell carcinoma (8), hidradenoma (7), desmoplastic trichilemmoma (2), trichilemmoma (10), trichilemmal carcinoma (3), clear cell acanthoma (9), atypical fibroxanthoma (1), syringoma (8), trichoepithelioma (1), metastatic renal cell carcinoma (2), and nevi with balloon cell change (8). Nuclear factor XIIIa (AC‐1A1) staining was present in 100% of sebaceous proliferations; 96% displayed strong staining. Non‐sebaceous clear cell tumors were negative or only weakly positive with factor XIIIa (AC‐1A1) in 95.5%; only 4.5% showed strong staining. This suggests that strong nuclear factor XIIIa (AC‐1A1) staining is a sensitive and specific marker of sebaceous neoplasms vs. other clear cell tumors.
Nuclear factor XIIIa staining (clone AC‐1A1 mouse monoclonal) is a highly sensitive marker of sebaceous differentiation in normal and neoplastic sebocytes
Authors: Clark Lindsey N. , Elwood Hillary R. , Uhlenhake Elizabeth E. , Smoller Bruce R. , Shalin Sara C. , Gardner Jerad M.
Published: May 2016

Background

Sebaceous proliferations are common and may be confused with other cutaneous neoplasms. Few useful or specific immunohistochemical markers for sebaceous differentiation are available. We incidentally observed strong factor XIIIa (Ventana clone AC‐1A1 on Ventana Benchmark Ultra stainer) nuclear staining in normal sebaceous glands and hypothesized that this might be a useful marker in sebaceous proliferations.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry for factor XIIIa (AC‐1A1) was performed on seven sebaceous hyperplasias, eight sebaceous adenomas, five sebaceomas, seven sebaceous carcinomas.

Results

Strong nuclear factor XIIIa (AC‐1A1) staining was present in 100% of normal sebaceous glands, 100% of sebaceous hyperplasia, adenoma and carcinoma, and 80% of sebaceoma. Moderately or poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) (n = 26) were also stained for factor XIIIa (AC‐1A1); two showed focal strong staining (8%), but the remainder showed only weak or negative staining (92%). In contrast, factor XIIIa clones from Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA (EP3372) and Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA (E980.1) were negative in sebocyte nuclei.

Conclusions

We report the novel finding of consistent nuclear factor XIIIa (AC‐1A1) staining in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic sebocytes. Factor XIIIa (AC‐1A1) is a highly sensitive marker of sebaceous differentiation. It may have potential clinical utility as a specific marker to distinguish sebaceous carcinoma from poorly differentiated SCC.
Interacting environmental mosaics drive geographic variation in mussel performance and predation vulnerability
Authors: Kroeker Kristy J. , Sanford Eric , Rose Jeremy M. , Blanchette Carol A. , Chan Francis , Chavez Francisco P. , Gaylord Brian , Helmuth Brian , Hill Tessa M. , Hofmann Gretchen E. , McManus Margaret A. , Menge Bruce A. , Nielsen Karina J. , Raimondi Peter T. , Russell Ann D. , Washburn Libe
Published: May 2016

Although theory suggests geographic variation in species' performance is determined by multiple niche parameters, little consideration has been given to the spatial structure of interacting stressors that may shape local and regional vulnerability to global change. Here, we use spatially explicit mosaics of carbonate chemistry, food availability and temperature spanning 1280 km of coastline to test whether persistent, overlapping environmental mosaics mediate the growth and predation vulnerability of a critical foundation species, the mussel Mytilus californianus. We find growth was highest and predation vulnerability was lowest in dynamic environments with frequent exposure to low pH seawater and consistent food. In contrast, growth was lowest and predation vulnerability highest when exposure to low pH seawater was decoupled from high food availability, or in exceptionally warm locations. These results illustrate how interactions among multiple drivers can cause unexpected, yet persistent geographic mosaics of species performance, interactions and vulnerability to environmental change.
Effects of lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase‐containing food on the oral hygiene status of older individuals: A randomized, double blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Morita Yu , Ishikawa Kentaro , Nakano Manabu , Wakabayashi Hiroyuki , Yamauchi Koji , Abe Fumiaki , Ooka Takafumi , Hironaka Shouji
Published: May 2016

Aim

Lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase have antimicrobial effects against oral pathogens. This randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled parallel group study tested the efficacy of a lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase‐containing tablet (LF + LPO tablet) in improving the oral hygiene status of older individuals.

Methods

A total of 46 participants (31 nursing home residents and 15 healthy older individuals) were randomly assigned to receive either lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase‐containing tablets or placebo tablets, and were asked to suck on a tablet after every meal for 8 weeks. Oral and bacteriological assessments were carried out at baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks.

Results

A total of 47 participants (test group n = 20; mean age 80.4 ± 6.4 years; placebo group n = 17; mean age 85.9 ± 6.7 years) were included in the efficacy analysis. In the test group, the total number of bacteria in the tongue coating was significantly reduced at 4 and 8 weeks compared with that at baseline, and the number of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum was significantly reduced at 8 weeks. The total number of bacteria and the number of P. gingivalis in the supragingival plaque were significantly reduced at 8 weeks. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the change in the number of P. gingivalis in supragingival plaque at 8 weeks between the two groups.

Conclusions

Lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase‐containing tablet ingestion showed antibacterial effects on periodontal bacteria present in the tongue coating and supragingival plaque, indicating that long‐term ingestion could improve the oral hygiene of older individuals. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 714–721.
Role of spleen in hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury: Splenic congestion during ischemia accelerates leukocyte infiltration within the liver after reperfusion
Authors: Kato Hiroyuki , Hamada Takashi , Kuriyama Naohisa , Ito Takahiro , Magawa Shoichi , Azumi Yoshinori , Kishiwada Masashi , Mizuno Shugo , Usui Masanobu , Sakurai Hiroyuki , Isaji Shuji
Published: May 2016

Aim

The precise mechanism by which prophylactic splenectomy reduces hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) are still unclear. In this study, we focused on the histological changes of spleen during hepatic IRI, and tested how splenectomy provided cytoprotective effects against hepatic IRI.

Methods

Rats underwent 70% warm hepatic IRI with or without splenectomy prior to IRI. To determine whether splenic congestion by itself induces liver damage in the absence of hepatic IRI, we also undertook a splenic vein clamp model.

Results

Liver injury and macrophage and neutrophil infiltration into the liver after reperfusion were significantly depressed in the animals with prophylactic splenectomy, compared to those without splenectomy. Histology of the spleens showed noted congestion during hepatic ischemia (hepatic hilar clamp), which promptly disappeared after declamping. At 6 and 24 h after reperfusion, the spleens showed remarkable recongestion and parenchymal damage, and the splenic venous level of interleukin‐2, which is secreted by T cells and enhances macrophage recruitment, and its mRNA levels within the spleen were significantly elevated. In the splenic vein clamp model, the splenic vein clamp by itself produced a certain liver injury and macrophage infiltration within liver even without hepatic IRI.

Conclusion

Spleen plays an important role as an accelerator in hepatic IRI, because splenic congestion and parenchymal damage during ischemia–reperfusion promote splenic IL‐2 excretion and macrophage infiltration within the liver, which in turn exacerbate hepatic injury.
THE CRITICAL THEORY OF HISTORY: RETHINKING THE PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY IN THE LIGHT OF KOSELLECK'S WORK
Authors: BOUTON CHRISTOPHE
Published: May 2016

There are many ways to consider the philosophy of history. In this article, I claim that one of the most viable approaches to the philosophy of history today is that of critical theory of history, inspired by Reinhart Koselleck. Critical theory of history is based on what I call known history, history as it has been established and expounded by historians. What it contributes—its added value, so to speak—is a reflection on the categories employed to think about historical experience at its different levels, not only as a narrative but also as a series of events: their origins, contexts, terminology, functions (theoretical or practical), and, finally, eventual relevance.
ON THE ELUSIVENESS OF CONTEXT
Authors: SHOGIMEN TAKASHI
Published: May 2016

How can we decide the pertinent context in which a given object of historical study should be examined? This question has long puzzled historians. In the field of intellectual history, the Cambridge contextual school represented by Quentin Skinner triggered a series of methodological debates, in part relating to its opaque notion of context; critics have argued that a satisfactory answer to the question—how to recover a relevant context—has yet to be given. This article tackles why the question has continued to elude us. The article demonstrates that it is simply impossible to propose a practical set of guidelines on how to reconstruct a correct context because the identification of the relevant context is presupposed in the logical structure of inference in historical inquiries; identifying a relevant context is logically antecedent to the inquiry. In order to show this, the article deploys Charles Sanders Peirce's theory of inference. Thus the article submits that Skinner conceptualized his method as what Peirce called “abduction,” which specifically seeks authorial intention as an explanatory hypothesis. This observation entails two ramifications in relation to the notion of context. One is that context in Skinner's methodology operates on two levels: heuristic and verificatory. Confusing the two functions of context has resulted in a futile debate over the difficulty of reconstructing context. The other ramification is that abduction always requires some sort of context in order to commence an inquiry, and that context is already known to the inquirer. Any attempt to reconstruct a context also requires yet another context to invoke, thus regressing into the search for relevant contexts ad infinitum. The elusiveness of context is thus inherent in the structure of our logical inference, which, according to Peirce, always begins with abduction.
BACK TO THE FUTURE: POSTNARRATIVIST HISTORIOGRAPHY AND ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY
Authors: Roth Paul A.
Published: May 2016

Jouni‐Matti Kuukkanen has written an important book. It directly confronts a key theoretical dilemma that has shadowed debate in historiography for several decades: histories cannot be written without using some narrative structure or other, but epistemological evaluation cannot be applied to narratives qua narrative. Thus, if empirical inquiry takes the form of a history, then it cannot be rationally evaluable, and if rationally evaluable, empirical inquiry cannot be in the form of a history. Kuukkanen's book both directly confronts and proposes a strategy for surmounting this tired and tiresome theoretical barrier. Kuukkanen deserves great credit for attempting to reshape a long‐stalled debate in a way that enables the theoretical options to be imagined anew. Yet his structuring of the oppositional tendencies engenders some ongoing problems regarding how to understand the philosophical stakes and options. This review argues that achieving Kuukkanen's postnarrativist future requires going back to past epistemic concerns discarded because they were tied to conceptions of logic and explanation that could not be reconciled with narrative form. Kuukkanen practices postnarrativism but still preaches a prenarrativist conception of logic. To reach his promised future, to actually overcome the dilemma that he rightly seeks to transcend, one must actually have the courage of Kuukkanen's pragmatist convictions.
AN IMPERIAL SYLLABUS
Authors: Garrett Matthew
Published: May 2016

Ten Books That Shaped the British Empire, edited by distinguished historians Antoinette Burton and Isabel Hofmeyr, brings together ten essays on individual books with a substantial methodological introduction. Covering the full geographical expanse of the Empire, the volume seeks to unify book and imperial history through careful accounts of the circulation, recycling, and uptake of each of the books under consideration. The upshot is an invaluable overall work with important individual contributions. At the same time, the project's methodology and mode of presentation raise questions for the writing of history, particularly at the nexus of the histories of empire and of the book, that are reiterated but never queried within the volume itself. Specifically, in its focus on the moment of the circulation of texts, Ten Books That Shaped the British Empire reflects a general condition in the human sciences: a resistance to narrative, to causality, and to critique, which this essay attempts to describe and briefly explain.
Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanolayer‐Modified Zirconia Coatings on Ti‐6Al‐4V with Improved In Vitro Bioactivity
Authors: Zhang Yali , Chen Lei , Shi Mengchao , Zhai Dong , Zhu Huiying , Chang Jiang , Wu Chengtie , Zheng Xuebin , Yin Jingbo
Published: May 2016

The bioactivity of coatings on alloy implants plays critical roles in the fast osteointegration and maintenance of a long‐term life span of the implants. The aim of this study is to incorporate nanopores and bioactive components into the plasma‐sprayed coatings by constructing nanopores and bioactive elements on the surface of coatings and further improve their in vitro bone‐forming activity. In this study, mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBG) were used for modifying the surface of ZrO2 coatings on Ti‐6Al‐4V by spin‐coating methods. The result shows that MBG nanolayer has been successfully coated on the surface of ZrO2 coatings. The MBG‐modified ZrO2 coatings have improved apatite‐mineralization ability and stable bonding strength. In addition, the attachment, proliferation, alkaline phosphate activity, and bone‐related gene expression of rabbit bone marrow stromal cells on MBG‐ZrO2 coating were also enhanced as compared with conventional bioactive glass‐modified ZrO2 coatings and pure ZrO2 coatings. The results indicated that MBG‐modified ZrO2 coatings on Ti alloy are promising for orthopedic application.
Lichen planus pigmentosus inversus: a series of 10 Tunisian patients
Authors: Mohamed Mariem , Korbi Mouna , Hammedi Faten , Youssef Monia , Soua Yosra , Akkari Hayet , Lahouel Ines , Belhadjali Hichem , Zili Jameleddine
Published: May 2016

Background

Lichen planus pigmentosus inversus (LPPI) is a rare variant of LP. Only 31 cases have been reported in the literature.

Methods

Here we report a series of 10 patients with LPPI from North Africa.

Results

Ten cases of LPPI, clinically suspected and histologically confirmed, were seen over 3 years (2013‐2015). The mean age of patients was 62.4 years old. Eight patients were women and two were men. Main folds involved were the axillae and groin. All patients were treated by topical steroids without success.

Conclusions

Our series of LPPI seems that this disorder is underreported mainly among 3 dark‐skinned persons as we have seen these ten cases within three years.
Production and characterisation of skate skin gelatin films incorporated with thyme essential oil and their application in chicken tenderloin packaging
Authors: Lee Ka‐Yeon , Lee Ji‐Hyeon , Yang Hyun‐Ju , Song Kyung Bin
Published: May 2016

In this study, skate skin gelatin (SSG) was used as a new biodegradable film source and a SSG film was prepared. In addition, thyme essential oil (TEO) was incorporated in the SSG film as an antimicrobial agent for the preparation of an antimicrobial film. The tensile strength (TS) of the film decreased, whereas elongation at break (E) increased by the addition of TEO. The SSG film containing TEO showed increased antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 as TEO concentration increased. To apply the SSG film to food packaging, chicken tenderloin samples were wrapped with the film containing 1% TEO. The packaging of chicken tenderloin with the TEO‐containing SSG film inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7 compared to the control during storage. Therefore, the SSG film with added TEO has potential as active food packaging to extend the shelf life of chicken tenderloin.
Out of Sight, Out of Mind? Accuracy and Bias in Emotion Regulation Trait Judgments
Authors: Eldesouky Lameese , English Tammy , Gross James J.
Published: May 2016

Objective

The current study examined accuracy and bias in judging trait‐level emotion regulation strategy use in romantic relationships and tested emotion‐related and global predictors of these judgments.

Method

Both members of 120 heterosexual couples (Mage = 20.39 years; 56.3% Caucasian) completed measures of emotion regulation (self‐reported and perceived partner use of suppression and reappraisal), emotionality, emotional expressivity, and relationship quality.

Results

Romantic partners were relatively accurate in judging suppression and reappraisal, although they had a tendency to underestimate use of both strategies. Reappraisal use was overestimated more among targets higher in positive expressivity, whereas suppression use was underestimated among targets higher in emotionality. In addition, women overestimated their partner's reappraisal use more than did men, and higher relationship quality predicted more positive biases in judging emotion regulation patterns.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that romantic partners can judge each other's emotion regulation patterns with some degree of accuracy, but certain biases exist for specific strategies. The amount of accuracy and bias in emotion regulation judgments within romantic relationships may be influenced by both specific emotion‐related characteristics of targets and global characteristics that broadly affect personality judgments.
Representation, Competing Principals, and Waffling on Bills in US Legislatures
Authors: Kirkland Justin H. , Harden Jeffrey J.
Published: May 2016

Legislators are often placed in the position of representing the interests of their constituents against the preferences of their own party leaders. We develop a theoretical framework indicating that these cross‐pressured legislators are more likely to initially support legislation and subsequently change their minds than are legislators whose constituents and leaders share similar preferences. Moreover, we expect this pattern to be most pronounced among members of majority parties than minority‐party members. We test our expectations using data on bill cosponsorship and final passage votes from 46 lower state legislative chambers and the US House, finding considerable support for our theory.
Population structure of a vector‐borne plant parasite
Authors: Yule Kelsey M. , Koop Jennifer A. H. , Alexandre Nicolas M. , Johnston Lauren R. , Whiteman Noah K.
Published: May 2016

Parasites are among the most diverse groups of life on Earth, yet complex natural histories often preclude studies of their speciation processes. The biology of parasitic plants facilitates in situ collection of data on both genetic structure and the mechanisms responsible for that structure. Here, we studied the role of mating, dispersal and establishment in host race formation of a parasitic plant. We investigated the population genetics of a vector‐borne desert mistletoe (Phoradendron californicum) across two legume host tree species (Senegalia greggii and Prosopis velutina) in the Sonoran desert using microsatellites. Consistent with host race formation, we found strong host‐associated genetic structure in sympatry, little genetic variation due to geographic site and weak isolation by distance. We hypothesize that genetic differentiation results from differences in the timing of mistletoe flowering by host species, as we found initial flowering date of individual mistletoes correlated with genetic ancestry. Hybrids with intermediate ancestry were detected genetically. Individuals likely resulting from recent, successful establishment events following dispersal between the host species were detected at frequencies similar to hybrids between host races. Therefore, barriers to gene flow between the host races may have been stronger at mating than at dispersal. We also found higher inbreeding and within‐host individual relatedness values for mistletoes on the more rare and isolated host species (S. greggii). Our study spanned spatial scales to address how interactions with both vectors and hosts influence parasitic plant structure with implications for parasite virulence evolution and speciation.
Politics of change: the discourses that inform organizational change and their capacity to silence
Authors: McMillan Kim
Published: May 2016

Changes in healthcare organizations are inevitable and occurring at unprecedented rates. Such changes greatly impact nurses and their work, yet these experiences are rarely explored. Organizational change discourses remain grounded in perspectives that explore and explain systems, often not the people within them. Change processes in healthcare organizations informed by such organizational discourses validate only certain perspectives and forms of knowledge. This fosters exclusionary practices, limiting the capacity of certain individuals or groups of individuals to effectively contribute to change discourses and processes. The reliance on mainstream organizational discourses in healthcare organizations has left little room for the exploration of diverse perspectives on the subject of organizational change, particularly those of nurses. Michel Foucault's work challenges dominant discourse and suggest that strong reliance's on specific discourses effectively disqualify certain forms of knowledge. Foucault's writings on disqualified knowledge and parrhesia (truth telling and frank speech) facilitate the critical exploration of discourses that inform change in healthcare organizations and nurses capacities to contribute to organizational discourses. This paper explores the capacity of nurses to speak their truths within rapidly and continuously changing healthcare organizations when such changes are often driven by discourses not derived from nursing knowledge or experience.
Experimental evidence for heat plume‐induced cavitation and xylem deformation as a mechanism of rapid post‐fire tree mortality
Authors: West Adam G. , Nel Jacques A. , Bond William J. , Midgley Jeremy J.
Published: May 2016

Recent work suggests that hydraulic mechanisms, rather than cambium necrosis, may account for rapid post‐fire tree mortality. We experimentally tested for xylem cavitation, as a result of exposure to high‐vapour‐deficit (D) heat plumes, and permanent xylem deformation, as a result of thermal softening of lignin, in two tree species differing in fire tolerance.

We measured percentage loss of conductance (PLC) in distal branches that had been exposed to high‐D heat plumes or immersed in hot water baths (high temperature, but not D). Results were compared with predictions from a parameterized hydraulic model. Physical damage to the xylem was examined microscopically.

Both species suffered c. 80% PLC when exposed to a 100°C plume. However, at 70°C, the fire‐sensitive Kiggelaria africana suffered lower PLC (49%) than the fire‐resistant Eucalytpus cladocalyx (80%). Model simulations suggested that differences in PLC between species were a result of greater hydraulic segmentation in E. cladocalyx. Kiggelaria africana suffered considerable PLC (59%), as a result of heat‐induced xylem deformation, in the water bath treatments, but E. cladocalyx did not.

We suggest that a suite of ‘pyrohydraulic’ traits, including hydraulic segmentation and heat sensitivity of the xylem, may help to explain why some tree species experience rapid post‐fire mortality after low‐intensity fires and others do not.
Love and compassion meditation: a nondual perspective
Authors: Josipovic Zoran
Published: May 2016

This paper discusses meditation from the unique perspective of the nondual approach and explores the possible relevance of this approach to applications of love and compassion meditation in clinical settings. It contrasts the nondual approach with the better known gradual or goal‐oriented, dualistic view of meditation. This paper also introduces one of the central ideas of the nondual approach—that love and compassion, like other positive qualities that are ordinarily considered as goals of meditation practice, can be found to be already present within oneself as innate dimensions of one's authentic being.
Loss of Hep Par 1 immunoreactivity in the livers of patients with carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 deficiency
Authors: Yamaguchi Maki , Kataoka Tatsuki R. , Shibayama Takahiro , Fukuda Akinari , Nakazawa Atsuko , Minamiguchi Sachiko , Sakurai Takaki , Miyagawa‐Hayashino Aya , Yorifuji Toru , Kasahara Mureo , Uemoto Shinji , Haga Hironori
Published: May 2016

The hepatocyte paraffin 1 (Hep Par 1) antibody is widely used as a hepatocyte marker, recognizing carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1), an essential component of the urea cycle. Various missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutations occur in the CPS1 gene. In neonatal patients with homozygous CPS1 deficiency (CPS1D), urea cycle defects with resulting severe hyperammonemia can be fatal, though liver transplantation provides a complete cure for CPS1D. We performed Hep Par 1 immunostaining in the explanted livers of 10 liver transplant patients with CPS1D. Seven were negative for Hep Par 1 in the hepatocytes and the other three showed normal diffuse granular cytoplasmic staining. As expected, all three Hep Par 1‐positive patients had at least one missense mutation, and all four patients who had only nonsense or frameshift mutations were Hep Par 1‐negative. The other three patients were unexpectedly negative for Hep Par 1, even though each had one missense mutation. These results suggest that CPS1D can be related to the loss of Hep Par 1 reactivity due to the loss of protein production, a one amino acid substitution resulting in an abortive protein product, or both. Hep Par 1 immunohistochemistry can be used as a simple method to confirm CPS1D.
Selenium promotes sulfur accumulation and plant growth in wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Boldrin Paulo F. , de Figueiredo Marislaine A. , Yang Yong , Luo Hongmei , Giri Shree , Hart Jonathan J. , Faquin Valdemar , Guilherme Luiz R.G. , Thannhauser Theorodore W. , Li Li
Published: May 2016

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for animals and humans and a target for biofortification in crops. Sulfur (S) is a crucial nutrient for plant growth. To gain better understanding of Se and S nutrition and interaction in plants, the effects of Se dosages and forms on plant growth as well as on S level in seven wheat lines were examined. Low dosages of both selenate and selenite supplements were found to enhance wheat shoot biomass and show no inhibitory effect on grain production. The stimulation on plant growth was correlated with increased APX antioxidant enzyme activity. Se forms were found to exert different effects on S metabolism in wheat plants. Selenate treatment promoted S accumulation, which was not observed with selenite supplement. An over threefold increase of S levels following selenate treatment at low dosages was observed in shoots of all wheat lines. Analysis of the sulfate transporter gene expression revealed an increased transcription of SULTR1;1, SULTR1;3 and SULTR4;1 in roots following 10 μM Na2SeO4 treatment. Mass spectrometry‐based targeted protein quantification confirmed the gene expression results and showed enhanced protein levels. The results suggest that Se treatment mimics S deficiency to activate specific sulfate transporter expression to stimulate S uptake, resulting in the selenate‐induced S accumulation. This study supports that plant growth and nutrition benefit from low dosages of Se fertilization and provides information on the basis underlying Se‐induced S accumulation in plants.
Using macroinvertebrates to assess ecological integrity of streams remediated for acid mine drainage
Authors: DeNicola Dean M. , Stapleton Michael G.
Published: May 2016

Studies assessing stream restoration of acid mine drainage (AMD) usually use community metrics that emphasize only a few attributes of ecological integrity. We used a variety of measures to examine recovery of macroinvertebrate communities in a watershed receiving passive treatment for AMD. We measured density, richness, functional diversity (FD), taxonomic diversity (Δ, a measure of taxonomic relatedness), and community taxonomic composition at 4 stream sites over an 11‐year period: 1 reference not affected by AMD, 2 downstream of treatment systems, and 1 AMD‐impacted site with no treatment. Our objectives were to determine if communities have responded to remediation, and examine whether FD and Δ provided additional insights into ecology integrity. Richness, FD, and Δ at the reference site were significantly higher than for other sites, but did not consistently differentiate treated and untreated sites. Additional information provided by FD and Δ on attributes related to functional redundancy and taxonomic relatedness was self‐evident given the simplicity of nonreference communities. Ordination of community composition incorporating knowledge of taxa autecologies indicated that treated sites were slightly less impacted than the untreated site, and trend analysis indicated slight improvement at 1 treated site. However, communities below treatment remained taxonomically distinct, with much lower densities than reference condition. Macroinvertebrate communities showed less recovery than was determined for benthic diatom communities at the same sites in a previous study. Several attributes of ecological integrity for different types of stream organisms should be incorporated into bioassessment of AMD restoration because they can vary in their response.
Diuretics, Limited Ultrafiltration, and Residual Renal Function in Incident Hemodialysis Patients: A Case Series
Authors: Sjolund Jessica , Garcia Anton Desiree , Bayes Liz Y. , Hoekstra Tiny , Dekker Friedo W. , Munoz Mendoza Jair
Published: May 2016

The effect of diuretics on residual renal function expressed as residual GFR (rGFR) and urine volume (rUV) using 24‐hour urine collections has not been well examined in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We present a small (seven patient) but provocative case series describing a strikingly low rate of decline in rUV and rGFR (average of creatinine and urea clearances, 24‐hour urine collections) in patients treated with increasing doses of furosemide (up to 360 mg/day) during the first 2 years after initiation of HD. Between 6 and 12 months, the mean rUV fell by 1 ml/month, whereas rGFR declined by 0.03 ml/min/1.73 m2/month. The mean rate of decline from 12 to 24 months for rUV (33 ml/month) and rGFR (0.02 ml/min/1.73 m2/month) were also low. While data are clearly limited and the observation retrospective, they are consistent with the better documented benefit of diuretics observed in end‐stage renal disease patients treated with peritoneal dialysis.
HLA‐A*33:03:31, a novel variant of HLA‐A*33:03, discovered in a Taiwanese individual
Authors: Yang K. L. , Hung J. H. , Lin P. Y.
Published: May 2016

One nucleotide substitution of HLA‐A*33:03:01 results in a novel allele, HLA‐A*33:03:31.
Detection of a novel HLA‐C*07:341 variant, HLA‐C*07:341:02, in a Taiwanese hematopoietic stem cell donor
Authors: Yang K. L. , Hung J. H. , Lin P. Y.
Published: May 2016

Two nucleotide replacements in codon 138 of the HLA‐C*07:341:01 result in a novel allele, HLA‐C*07:341:02.
Commutability and interchangeability of commercial quality control materials with feline plasma for common biochemical analytes
Authors: Baral Randolph M. , Dhand Navneet K. , Freeman Kathleen P.
Published: May 2016

Background

Species‐specific plasma or serum pools are considered the ideal standard material for quality control materials (QCM) instead of commercially available human QCM. However, using plasma or serum pools is limited by volume restrictions, degradation over time, and a narrow range of analyte concentrations. Concentrations of QCM analytes should be consistent or commutable with those from species‐specific plasma/serum samples, and the precision from plasma pools should be comparable or interchangeable with commercial human QCM.

Objectives

The aims of this study were to determine the commutability and interchangeability of 2 levels of commercial QCM (MAS chemTRAK‐H [CT]) with feline plasma pools (PP) from normal and renal disease cats measured using a commercial laboratory analyzer and a veterinary in‐house analyzer.

Methods

Agreement between the 2 analyzers was assessed for 16 analytes by correlation and Passing–Bablok regression analyses of feline plasma samples. The difference between each CT data point and the regression line (residuals) was determined and standardized, and CT were considered ‘commutable’ with PP if the standardized residual was within a range of −3 to 3. Coefficients of variation (CVs) for CT and PP for 16 analytes on 2 analyzers were compared by bootstrap analysis to determine interchangeability.

Results

Most CT analytes were within the range of patient plasma sample analytes, thus commutable. Only 2 analytes had equivalent precision for both levels of CT and both levels of PP, and 5 additional analytes had similar precision for at least one level of CT compared to at least one level of PP.

Conclusions

The QCM assessed is commutable to feline PP within the tested ranges for 2 particular analyzers. Commutability does not grant interchangeability.
Rabies Vaccination: Higher Failure Rates in Imported Dogs than in those Vaccinated in Italy
Authors: Rota Nodari E. , Alonso S. , Mancin M. , De Nardi M. , Hudson‐Cooke S. , Veggiato C. , Cattoli G. , De Benedictis P.
Published: May 2016

The current European Union (EU) legislation decrees that pets entering the EU from a rabies‐infected third country have to obtain a satisfactory virus‐neutralizing antibody level, while those moving within the EU require only rabies vaccination as the risk of moving a rabid pet within the EU is considered negligible. A number of factors driving individual variations in dog vaccine response have been previously reported, including a high rate of vaccine failure in puppies, especially those subject to commercial transport. A total of 21 001 observations collected from dogs (2006–2012) vaccinated in compliance with the current EU regulations were statistically analysed to assess the effect of different risk factors related to rabies vaccine efficacy. Within this framework, we were able to compare the vaccination failure rate in a group of dogs entering the Italian border from EU and non‐EU countries to those vaccinated in Italy prior to international travel. Our analysis identified that cross‐breeds and two breed categories showed high vaccine success rates, while Beagles and Boxers were the least likely to show a successful response to vaccination (88.82% and 90.32%, respectively). Our analysis revealed diverse performances among the commercially available vaccines, in terms of serological peak windows, and marked differences according to geographical area. Of note, we found a higher vaccine failure rate in imported dogs (13.15%) than in those vaccinated in Italy (5.89%). Our findings suggest that the choice of vaccine may influence the likelihood of an animal achieving a protective serological level and that time from vaccination to sampling should be considered when interpreting serological results. A higher vaccine failure in imported compared to Italian dogs highlights the key role that border controls still have in assessing the full compliance of pet movements with EU legislation to minimize the risk of rabies being reintroduced into a disease‐free area.
SCIENCE AND RELIGION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM: A PERSONAL VIEW ON THE CONTEMPORARY SCENE
Authors: Southgate Christopher
Published: May 2016

This article considers the current state of the science–religion debate in the United Kingdom. It discusses the societies, groups, and individual scholars that shape that debate, including the dialogue between theology and physics, biology, and psychology. Attention is also given to theology's engagement with ecological issues. The article also reflects on the loss of influence of denominational Christianity within British society, and the impact both on the character of the debate and the role of the churches. Finally, some promising trajectories of development for the future are outlined.
MINIMALIST ENGAGEMENT: ROWAN WILLIAMS ON CHRISTIANITY AND SCIENCE
Authors: Jordan Peter N.
Published: May 2016

During his time as Archbishop of Canterbury, Rowan Williams addressed the relations between Christianity and science at some length. While many contemporary theologians have explored the natural sciences in detail and have deployed scientific ideas and concepts in their theological work, Williams's writings suggest that theology has little need for natural scientific knowledge. For Williams, the created order's relationship to God renders the content of scientific theories about how finite causes are materially constituted and interact of little theological importance. At the same time, Williams is convinced that theological and scientific work must each remain within their proper bounds, a position that can best succeed in practice when participants in each discipline are aware of how both disciplines approach their subject matter. Although Williams's view challenges those who would insist that theology requires anything more than minimal engagement with the sciences, the ability to clearly demarcate and preserve the boundaries between scientific and theological work nevertheless requires of the theologian the kind of understanding of scientific methods and theories that Williams himself demonstrates.
EFFECT OF ACADEMIC DEGREE AND DISCIPLINE ON RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND EVOLUTION ACCEPTANCE: SURVEY AT A CHILEAN UNIVERSITY
Authors: Marín César , DʾElía Guillermo
Published: May 2016

Affiliation with a scientific area or degree program could affect one´s religious beliefs and acceptance of evolution; however, this issue has been poorly studied. Moreover, little information is available regarding Chilean university scientists’ views on religion and evolution. This study aims to provide the first documentation of the opinion of scientists at a Chilean University with regard to religion and evolution. This was done by conducting a personal survey of first and last year undergraduate students, graduate students, and faculty. We found that nonreligiosity, as well as acceptance of Darwinian evolution, increased with possession of an advanced degree and this correlation was stronger for individuals who study biology and physics in comparison to those who study chemistry. Although less than 30 percent of undergraduate students are atheists/agnostics, more than 70 percent of faculty members are atheist or agnostic. However, most of the surveyed scientists did not see a conflict between science and religion.
THE NEUROSCIENCE OF WESLEYAN SOTERIOLOGY: THE DYNAMIC OF BOTH INSTANTANEOUS AND GRADUAL CHANGE
Authors: Weissenbacher Alan C.
Published: May 2016

In his work Rewired: Exploring Religious Conversion, dealing with Wesleyan soteriology and neuroscience, Paul Markham claims that when one incorporates biology as an epistemic restriction in theologies of conversion, doctrines of instantaneous conversion are invalidated. He asserts that conversion must always be gradual, because the mechanism by which the brain changes in response to experience does not occur instantaneously; rather change is initiated and consolidated over an often lengthy span of time. I argue, however, that doctrines of instantaneous conversion are maintained when taking neuroscience into account. First, for doctrines of conversion that hold to the imputation of Christ's righteousness, neuroscience is irrelevant, because statements of instantaneous change are in terms of a relational status and not biological. Rapid conversion is maintained as a metaphysical position. Second, an embodied and neurologically realized change is expected in theologies of conversion that hold to impartation and, contrary to Markham, immediate change is neurologically possible in a variety of ways.