bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘DIE NEUEN PFLANZEN VON CH. HUBER FRÈRES & CO. IN HYÈRES‘
Authors: Mabberley D. J.
Published: April 2006

Known publications of Huber & Co. (Hyères, France) are listed and their new plants identified as far as possible. The relationship between the nursery and other firms and botanists, particularly Ortgies and Roezl, is explored and names published by other firms also introducing new material, notably that of Roezl from the Americas, are discussed. Many plants are unidentifiable though Cucurbita argyrosperma Huber is the oldest name for C. mixta Pang., while Salvia camphorata Huber may well be an older name for S. apiana Jepson and there may have to be further changes in Cleome and Salvia. Astragalus marianus Huber is an earlier homonym of A. marianus (Rydb.) Barneby, which is here renamed A. piutensis Barneby & Mabb., and Hibiscus spinulosus Huber is an earlier homonym of H. spinulosus (W. V. Fitzg.) F. B. Wilson, which is here renamed H. fryxellii Mabb. There are changes in authority in currently used names in Campsidium and Tillandsia and over 70 additions to Index kewensis.
CORRECT AUTHOR CITATION FOR HYPOLYTRUM L. C. RICHARD AND LECTOTYPIFICATION OF HYPOLYTRUM AND HYPAELYPTUM VAHL (CYPERACEAE)
Authors: Panigrahi G.
Published: April 2006

L. C. Richard, not Persoon, is established as the correct author of the genus Hypolytrum. Hypolytrum latifolium Rich, and Hypaelyptum filiformis Vahl are selected here as lectotype species of Hypolytrum Rich, and Hypaelyptum Vahl, respectively.
LECTOTYPIFICATION IN THE GENUS LOBOSTEMON (BORAGINACEAE)
Authors: Koutnik D. L.
Published: April 2006

Seven species of Lobostemon are given lectotypes. The types of the five sections of the genus are identified. Comment on the correct name of L. hispidum is provided.
TRANSFER OF PILINIA KUETZING FROM CHLOROPHYCEAE WITH WAERNIELLA KYLIN IN SYNONYMY
Authors: Hooper Robert G. , South G. R. , Nielsen Ruth
Published: April 2006

The type of Pilinia rimosa Kuetzing 1843 (hitherto Chlorophyceae) has typical phaeophycean chloroplasts and sporangia, and is identical with Waerniella lucifuga (Kuckuck) Kylin (=Leptonema lucifugum Kuckuck, 1897) (Phaeophyceae). Waerniella lucifuga is therefore placed in synonymy with Pilinia rimosa, which is transferred to the Phaeophyceae (Ectocarpaceae).
ON THE IDENTITY AND RECOGNITION OF THE GENUS POCHOTA RAMIREZ GOYENA (BOMBACACEAE)
Authors: Stevens Warren Douglas
Published: April 2006

Miguel Ramírez Goyena published in the first volume of his Flora Nicaragüense (1909) the genus Pochota and its only species, P. vulgaris, which is clearly identifiable with the species well known today by the name Bombacopsis quinata (Jacq.) Dugand, and the species is herein neotypified. Bombacopsis Pittier (1916) was twice proposed for conservation over Pochota Ramírez Goyena and was twice unanimously rejected. Between the first rejection and the second, a new combination in Pochota was made for the one Old World species but otherwise this nomenclatural problem has dropped out of sight, presumably because it was suggested in the second proposal that Pochota and Bombacopsis were not equivalent. It is here proposed that there can be no doubt of the equivalence of Pochota and Bombacopsis and suggestions to the contrary were perhaps an expedient to avoid the consequences of the rejected conservation. Two of the 28 new combinations necessitated by this interpretation are here proposed.
A SHORT HISTORY AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE JOURNAL FLORA (REGENSBURG) (VOL. 1‐71, 1818‐1888). PART 2. THE PUBLICATION DATES
Authors: Leussink Jan A.
Published: April 2006

A description is given of the bibliographical format of the regular instalments of Vols. 1‐71, 1818‐1888 of the German journal Flora. The publication schedule of those regular instalments under the successive editors of this period is described. Study of all evidence about the frequency of publication of the regular instalments leads to the conclusion that they really were published at the intervals indicated by the dates in their head‐titles. During the editorship of D. H. Hoppe and A. E. Fμrnrohr (1818‐1861) there was a very regular schedule of four fascicles per month. When G. A. W. Herrich‐Schäffer was editor (1861‐1871) the intervals did not follow any regular schedule. During J. Singer's term as editor (1871‐1888) a regular schedule of three fascicles at fixed intervals per month was largely maintained. After a discussion of all presently available evidence, it is concluded that the head‐title dates of the regular instalments, for the present time, can be accepted as the dates of effective publication for nomenclatural purposes. There are several indications that the head‐title dates may be unreliable, especially during the periods with regular publication schedules, but it is not yet possible to replace a questionable head‐title date by an established correct one. The problem of the publication dates of the appendices of Flora is discussed separately. An inventory of the appendices is given, preceded by a survey of publications related to Flora although not true appendices. Information about the dates of the appendices belonging to Vols. 1‐15, 1819‐1832 is very limited. From Vol. 16, 1833 onwards the publication of the appendices is usually announced in the regular instalments, and the former can be dated with the help of the head‐title dates of the latter. In the Annex a detailed bibliographical analysis of Vols. 26‐71, 1843‐1888 is given.
COMMENTS ON THE GENERIC CONCEPTS IN THE EUPATORIEAE
Authors: Robinson H. , King R. M.
Published: April 2006

Traditional genera of the tribe, based heavily on characters of the pappus and anther appendage, prove totally indefensible, having been subjected to piecemeal alterations by all significant workers since Linnaeus, and being useless for comparison with any new evidence. The total tribal revision of the present authors, based on structure, cytology, geography and chemistry, has 180 genera in 18 subtribes. What was Eupatorium has been distributed among 11 of the subtribes, and is intermixed with elements of other traditional genera. Eupatorium (44 sp., x = 10) remains a distinct arcto‐tertiary genus. Mikania (410 sp., x = 18–20), Stevia (229 sp., x = 11, 12), Liatris (42 sp., x = 10), and Brickellia (96 sp., x = 9) have minor changes. Ageratum (40 sp., x = 10) is broadened to include epappose species. Ageratina (230 sp., x = 17), the epiphytic Neomirandea (25 sp., x = 17, 20), Chromolaena (165 sp.), Fleischmannia (79 sp.), Koanophyllon (115 sp.) (all x = 10) are named or restructured to include much that was in Eupatorium. The subtribe Gyptidinae, mostly of eastern Brazil, is one of the two most complex, but has many particularly distinct genera such as Campuloclinium (14 sp.), Trichogonia (30 sp.), Lasiolaena (5 sp.) and Agrianthus (6 sp.) (all x = 10). Most problems of numerous small genera and hybridization involve the largest subtribe Critoniinae of the moist Neotropics, but tests of many individual genera have reinforced their distinct status, i.e., Critonia (38 sp.), Ophryosporus (37 sp.), Fleischmanniopsis (5 sp.) and Neocabreria (5 sp.) (all x = 10). The reclassification reflects the fact that the tribe is neither simple nor comparatively derived in the family.
CHEMICAL DATA AND THEIR BEARING UPON GENERIC DELINEATIONS IN THE EUPATORIEAE
Authors: Gage Douglas
Published: April 2006

More than 225 species in the Eupatorieae have been chemically examined to date; the majority of this work has focused on terpenoid constituents. The results thus far depict the tribe as chemically heterogeneous, producing a large number of diverse sesquiterpenes and diterpenes, as well as thymol and benzofuran derivatives. When this diversity is examined in relation to the traditional large genera recognized in the tribe (e.g., Mikania, Stevia) no clear chemical boundaries are found. In comparison, the large genera recognized by King and Robinson are also heterogeneous in their terpenoid chemistry. Mixed results are obtained in correlating terpenoid chemistry with the limits of newly defined small genera. While some of these appear chemically delimited, others are chemically diverse and still others chemically indistinguishable from affiliated genera.
THE STATUS AND TYPIFICATION OF PHEGOPTERIS AND GYMNOCARPIUM
Authors: McNeill J. , Pryer Kathleen M.
Published: April 2006

It is concluded that Phegopteris Fée (Thelypteridaceae) is an apparently nomenclaturally superfluous name, because, when published, it included what is now established to be the type of Gymnocarpium Newman. Despite this, Phegopteris is a legitimate name as it has a legitimate basionym; it must, however, be cited as Phegopteris (Presl) Fée. The protologue of the basionym of Gymnocarpium dryopteris does not point to any specimen that could serve as type of that name, and hence of Gymnocarpium Newman (Athyriaceae). Moreover, there is no eligible specimen in the Linnaean collections in London, Stockholm or Paris. There is, however, a Burser specimen at Uppsala with a Bauhin name that is not cited in any Linnaean work. This specimen was determined by Linnaeus in his catalogue of the Burser herbarium as Polypodium dryopteris, the basionym of G. dryopteris, and this is designated as the lectotype. This lectotypification preserves existing usage of both the generic and specific names.
SOME SPECIES OF GRACILARIA (RHODOPHYTA) FROM CALIFORNIA
Authors: Abbott Isabella A.
Published: April 2006

The type material of Cordylecladia andersonii Grunow (=Gracilaria andersonii (Grunow) Kylin) is similar to the type material of the common North American species of Gracilaria (Gigartinales), G. sjoestedtii Kylin, which in turn is identical with Gracilaria lemaneiformis (Bory) Weber‐van Bosse, previously known from Pacific South America. Gracilaria andersonii of Kylin, on the other hand, which takes its epithet from C. andersonii, is a distinct species and is here named Gracilaria papenfussii, new species.
INDEX NOMINUM GENERICORUM SUPPLEMENTS
Authors: Farr Ellen R.
Published: April 2006

The first supplement to the Index Nominum Genericorum was published in early 1986. The current organization of the project is described and the botanical community is invited to assist in the continued updating of the index.
PEST CONTROL IN HERBARIA
Authors: Hall A. V.
Published: April 2006

The diagnostics, ecology, damage caused and controls for the chief pests in herbaria are described. The effectiveness and safety of available pest controls are reviewed. It is shown that a number of chemical controls are less effective than widely believed while the hazards to health and herbarium materials posed by some may often be overlooked. Neither of the currently used specimen poisons, mercuric chloride and lauryl pentachlorphenate are satisfactory. It is shown that pest controllers should integrate chemical methods with safe and effective physical measures. These include having barriers to the entry of flying insects; treating incoming specimens with freezing, microwaves or aerosol insecticides; monitoring pest arrivals using baited traps; restricting breeding by having low relative humidity, dustless floors and sealed steel cabinets containing a fumigant; and periodic eradication by fumigation with methyl bromide.
HARRY SMITH IN CHINA‐ROUTES OF HIS BOTANICAL TRAVELS
Authors: Herner Göran
Published: April 2006

The Swedish botanist Harry Smith travelled in China in the 1920's and 1930's. This paper presents a brief description of his routes, including a list of collection sites with locations determined using geographical coordinates.
THE PUBLICATION DATES OF THE BULLETIN DE LA SOCIÉTÉ BOTANIQUE DE FRANCE (VOLS. 1‐25, 1854‐1878)
Authors: Leussink Jan A.
Published: April 2006

Knowledge of precise publication dates for the instalments of a journal may be essential for nomenclatural purposes. In Vols. 1‐25 of the Bulletin de la Société botanique de France no such dates are recorded, nor can they be taken from the archives of the society which are no longer extant. In this paper publication dates are reconstructed from other sources. After a discussion of the complicated format of the Bulletin, the method of reconstruction of the dates is explained. Special attention is given to the importance of the original covers of the instalments. For each of Vols. 1‐25 the reconstructed publication dates, as well as some other bibliographical particulars, are assembled in a table. Notes for the tables present the evidence used for reconstruction of the dates.

The unreliability of the year of publication as given on the title page of the volumes is shown. Some instalments of each volume were published in the next year only; this difference may increase to as much as four years. Temporal overlap of successive volumes often occurred: during a calendar year instalments of more than one volume were published in a sequence deviating from the sequence of the numbers of the volumes. When using bound volumes it must, moreover, be realized that from Vol. 11 the usual sequence of binding of the instalments differs significantly from their original sequence of publication.
MICROWAVE DRYING OF HERBARIUM SPECIMENS
Authors: Bacci Mauro , Checcucci Alessandro , Checcucci Giovanni
Published: April 2006

The authors propose the use of a microwave oven as a new rapid procedure for herbarium specimen drying. A comparison between the new method and the usual procedure is presented and discussed with regard to external appearance and morphological characteristics.
An essay on lectotypification
Authors: Nicolson Dan H. , Fosberg F. R.
Published: April 2006

Fosberg, F. R.: An essay on lectotypification. ‐ Taxon 41: 321–323. 1992. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

Lectotypification is a serious matter and aspects of the current Code do not make things easier, suggesting the need for amendments.
Picramniaceae, a new family, and a recircumscription of Simaroubaceae
Authors: Fernando Edwino S. , Quinn Christopher J.
Published: April 2006

Fernando, E. S. & Quinn, C. J.: Picramniaceae, a new family, and a recircumscription of Simaroubaceae. – Taxon 44: 177‐181. 1995. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

Picramniaceae, a new rosid family, is established. A diagnosis and brief descriptions of the two genera (Picramnia and Alvaradoa) constituting the family are provided. The Simaroubaceae are recircumscribed to include only members of the subfamily Simarouboideae, excluding Harrisonia but including Leitneria (Leitneriaceae).
The identity of Paeonia decomposite Hand.‐Mazz.
Authors: De‐yuan Hong , Kai‐yu Pan , Yan‐long Pei
Published: April 2006

Hong, D.‐Y., Pan, K.‐Y. & Pei, Y.‐L.: The identity of Paeonia decomposita Hand.‐Mazz. – Taxon 45: 67‐69. 1996. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

Paeonia decomposita, which has been ignored or considered synonymous with P. suffruticosa, is shown to be an earlier name for P. szechuanica. A detailed description is provided of this beautiful woody peony only known from a small area in N.W. Sichuan, China.
Lectotypification of four names in Lobelia (Lobeliaceae)
Authors: Crespo Manuel B. , Serra Luis , Turland Nicholas
Published: April 2006

Crespo, M. B., Sena, L. & Turland, N. J.: Lectotypification of four names in Lobelia (Lobeliaceae). – Taxon 45: 117‐120. 1996. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

Typification of four species names originally published under Lobelia is discussed, and lectotypes are designated. Two of the corresponding species are currently placed in Solenopsis and one in Hippobroma.
THE ORIGIN OF THE WOODY SEDOIDEAE (CRASSULACEAE)
Authors: Hart H. 't , Koek‐Noorman J.
Published: April 2006

The structure of the xylem body of nine woody species of Sedum belonging to two different groups was studied with respect to the character states of the characters correlated with the hybridization patterns of the species. No significant differences in the structure of the wood were found between the specialized and less advanced species. Like the wood of Aeonium, Kalanchoe, and Cotyledon, the features of the wood of Sedum indicate secondary woodiness or paedomorphosis. These results support the idea that the Crassulaceae descended from an herbaceous ancestor and that woodiness evolved independently in several groups.
Phytogeny and reclassification of the genus Lapsana (Asteraceae: Lactuceae)
Authors: Pak Jae‐Hong , Bremer Kåre
Published: April 2006

Pak, J.‐H. & Bremer, K.: Phylogeny and reclassification of the genus Lapsana (Asteraceae: Lactuceae). – Taxon 44: 13‐21. 1995. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

A cladistic analysis of 40 morphological, fruit anatomical, and chromosomal characters in the five species of Lapsana and eleven other species of the Lactuceae (Crepidinae) shows that Lapsana is polyphyletic. The genus is redefined to include only the European to S. W. Asian Lapsana communis and its allied taxa usually treated as subspecies. The four E. Asian species formerly placed in Lapsana are transferred to a new genus, Lapsanastrum, and the new combinations L. apogonoides, L. humile, L. takasei, and L. uncinatum are made.
Reinstatement of the fossil name Russellites (not a synonym of Yuania)
Authors: Mamay Sergius H.
Published: April 2006

Mamay, S. H.: Reinstatement of the fossil name Russellites (not a synonym of Yuania). – Taxon 44: 43‐51. 1995. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

The Permian genus Russellites, first described from Texas, U.S.A., is now known from several localities in China. However, Yuania, the name of a dissimilar Chinese plant, has been misapplied consistently to the Chinese Russellites, thereby obscuring an important palaeo‐floristic link between North America and Asia. The taxonomic independence of the two genera is emphasized, and the appropriate nomenclatural adjustments are made.
Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: 42. Analysis of recommendations between the 1987 and 1993 Botanical Congresses
Authors: Brummitt R. K.
Published: April 2006

Brummitt, R. K.: Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: 42. Analysis of recommendations between the 1987 and 1993 Botanical Congresses. – Taxon 43: 459‐461. 1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

This report analyses and summarizes the results of votes by the Committee for Spermatophyta taken on the 194 proposals considered between the Berlin and Tokyo Congresses.
The type of Mediocactus Britton & Rose (Cactaceae)
Authors: Heath P. V.
Published: April 2006

Heath, P. V.: The type of Mediocactus Britton & Rose (Cactaceae). ‐ Taxon 40: 627 ‐ 628. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

Mediocactus Britton & Rose is typified by the type of Mediocactus coccineus (DC.) Britton & Rose, the neotype of which is here superseded. Thereby Mediocactus maintains its original sense and does not become a synonym of Heliocereus.
Don't abbreviate Chinese names
Authors: Xu ZhaoRan , Nicolson Dan H.
Published: April 2006

Xu, ZhaoRan & Nicolson, D. H.: Don't abbreviate Chinese names. — Taxon 41: 499–504. 1992. — ISSN 0040‐0262.

Westerners have thousands of different family names but only a few hundred common given names. Thus, in a western personal name, the family name is discriminative and abbreviating the undiscriminative given name(s) makes sense. Chinese have only a few hundred common family names but thousands of given names. Western conventions of abbreviating given names are therefore inappropriate for Chinese personal names. Different traditions of “western” and Chinese personal nomenclature are discussed, and suggestions are made on how to handle Chinese names in a western bibliographic context.
Replacement names for later homonyms of ten Indian Tertiary palynofossils
Authors: Saxena R. K.
Published: April 2006

Saxena, R. K.: Replacement names for later homonyms of ten Indian Tertiary palynofossils. — Taxon 41: 532–533. 1992. — ISSN 0040‐0262.

Ten later homonyms have been used for good species that require renaming.
Report of the Committee for Fungi: 4
Authors: Gams Walter
Published: April 2006

Gams, W.: Report of the Committee for Fungi: 4. – Taxon 43: 265‐267. 1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

The Committee for Fungi expresses its recommendations on 11 proposals to conserve or reject names, recommending 7.
Electrophoreíic and immunological studies of prolamins in the Poaceae: II. Phylogenetic affinities of the Aristideae
Authors: Esen Asim , Hilu Khidir W.
Published: April 2006

Esen, A. & Hilu, K. W.: Electrophoretic and immunological studies of prolamines in the Poaceae: II. Phylegenetic affinities of the Aristideae. ‐ Taxon 40: 5–17. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

The Aristideae are considered to include Aristida, Stipagrostis and Sartidia. The phylogenetic affinity of this tribe in the Poaceae remains controversial. To provide additional insight into the appropriate placement of the Aristideae, 21 species representing Aristida, Stipagrostis, Chloridoideae, Arundinoideae, and Hordeum (Pooideae) were analyzed for prolamin size heterogeneity and immunological cross‐reactivities. Aristida species revealed species‐specific prolamin subunit profiles. Immunological cross‐reactivities measured by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting demonstrated that Aristida was distinct from the Arundinoideae and Chloridoideae. The prolamin profile of Stipagrostis differed from those of Aristida and the genus clustered with the Chloridoideae on the basis of immunological cross‐reactivities. The data indicate the heterogeneity of the Aristideae, and suggest an isolated position for Aristida in the Poaceae rather than its placement in either the Arundinoideae or Chloridoideae.
Genetic divergence and allozyme variation within and among populations of Hedysarum spinosissimum subsp. capitatum and subsp. spinosissimum (Papilionaceae)
Authors: Baatout Hédi , Marrakchi Mohamed , Combes Daniel
Published: April 2006

Baatout, H.; Marrakchi, M. & Combes, D.: Genetic divergence and allozyme variation within and among populations of Hedysarum spinosissimum subsp. capitatum and subsp. spinosissimum (Papilionaceae). ‐ Taxon 40: 239–252. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

Three outcrossing populations of Hedysarum spinosissimum subsp. capitatum and two self‐pollinating populations of H. spinosissimum subsp. spinosissimum were surveyed for variation at 36 allozyme loci. The proportion of polymorphic loci ranged from 25.0 to 75.0 % in subsp. capitatum and from 27.8 to 30.6 % in subsp. spinosissimum, and the mean heterozygosity from 0.088 to 0.299 in subsp. capitatum and from 0.086 to 0.097 in subsp. spinosissimum. No karyotypic differences distinguish the two subspecies, and no hybridization between the allogamous H. spinosissimum subsp. capitatum and the autogamous subsp. spinosissimum was noted. Allele frequency differences between the two subspecies indicate that they are clearly distinct in several genes coding for the enzymes peroxidase, esterase and acid phosphatase. The level of genetic divergence at the enzyme level, revealed by electrophoretic analysis of the two taxa, supports their specific distinctness, the mean genetic distance between them being 0.45 ‐ which is indicative of a long period of lack of gene flow between them.
A DEVICE FOR THE PROTECTION OF SPORE SAMPLES FROM ISOETES (ISOETACEAE) VOUCHER SPECIMENS
Authors: Brunton Daniel F.
Published: April 2006

The need to re‐examine spores of Isoetes specimens has led to serious depletion of the supply of both microspores and megaspores in many voucher specimens. Some type specimens no longer possess any spore material, seriously limiting the research value of these critical vouchers. A simple device is described that permits Isoetes samples to be handled, examined microscopically and even safely mailed without requiring repeated mining of the finite supply of spores.
THE CORRECT PUBLICATION DATE OF CHAMAEALOE BERGER (ASPHODELACEAE: ALOOIDEAE)
Authors: Smith Gideon F.
Published: April 2006

In the literature, discrepancies exist with regard to the correct publication date of Chamaealoe Berger. The confusion concerns two publications of Alwin Berger which appeared in 1905 in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. and in 1908 in Das Pflanzenreich, respectively. The former publication has unfortunately been overlooked during recent revisions and this has led to an undesirable variance in citations of title and year of publication appended to the name Chamaealoe. It is shown below that Chamaealoe africana (Haw.) Berger was validly published in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 36: 43 (28 February 1905).
THE DRIVING FORCE: SPECIES CONCEPTS AND ECOLOGY
Authors: Andersson Lennart
Published: April 2006

In both folk taxonomy and science, the idea of species is based on the observation that phenotypic variation is discrete and not continuous. The definition of the species category, the “what,” must therefore be restricted to these empirically demonstrable facts. To avoid circularity, concepts about the biological nature of species, the “whys,” must be kept separate from the criteria by which individual species are circumscribed. Such ideas are models and can only be judged in terms of their capacity to bring observations into a meaningful context. The Biological Species Concept (BSC), the Evolutionary Species Concept (EvSC) and the Ecological Species Concept (EcSC) are models, not definitions. The BSC has its principal flaw in its inability to deal with uniparentally reproducing organisms. It fails to identify the driving force of speciation. It therefore fails to predict diversity and to explain why different species have different reproductive strategies. The EvSC fails to explain why different lineages are phenetically different. It fails, therefore, to explain why species arise, and why there are differences in diversity and reproductive strategies. The EcSC has the potential to make a direct connection between environment and phenetic variation patterns. It provides a useful conceptual framework for experimentation and observation at the interface between taxonomy and ecology and has the potential to explain on a universal basis variation in diversity and reproductive patterns. In some taxonomically difficult cases it also sheds light on the nature of variation patterns and might therefore help in taxonomic judgment where the BSC is conceptually inapplicable and the EvSC fails to provide useful concepts.
A new look at the enigmatic genus Wenchengia (Labiatae)
Authors: Cantino Philip D. , Abu‐Asab Mones S.
Published: April 2006

Cantino, P. D. & Abu‐Asab, M. S.: A new look at the enigmatic genus Wenchengia (Labiatae). — Taxon 42: 339–344. 1993. — ISSN 0040–0262.

The phylogenetic position of Wenchengia is considered in the light of new data on its pollen morphology and leaf epidermal anatomy. The pollen is tricolpate, tectate‐perforate, supra‐reticulate and has simple columellae. Leaves are hypostomatic, with mainly diacytic and diallelocytic stomata. Wenchengia appears to be most closely related to Ajuga, Cymaria, or Acrymia. A position close to Scutellaria, Tinnea, and Renschia is only slightly less parsimonious. Although Wenchengia was originally segregated as a monotypic subfamily, assignment to Ajugoideae or Scutellarioideae may be more consistent with a phylogenetic classification of the family.
Floristics in Latin America and the Caribbean: an evaluation of the numbers of plant collections and botanists
Authors: Toledo Victor M. , Sosa Victoria
Published: April 2006

Toledo, V. M. & Sosa, V.: Floristics in Latin America and the Caribbean: an evaluation of the numbers of plant collections and botanists. — Taxon 42: 355–364. 1993. — ISSN 0040–0262.

This paper evaluates the present size of plant collections and the number of botanists in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean, the region with the highest plant diversity in the world. Statistics reveal that collection density is adequate for Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, while South America, with the exception of Chile and Argentina, is undercollected. Argentina hosts the highest number of botanists while all other countries appear to need more plant taxonomists to perform floristic inventories. The differences in absolute numbers of specimens and botanists between the three largest countries (Argentina, Brazil and Mexico) and the other countries in the area are remarkable, reflecting an unbalance in the development of local botanical science.
Bechuanaland: a misunderstood geographical name; and the type locality of Haworthia tenuifolia (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae)
Authors: Smith Gideon F. , Cole Desmond T. , van Wyk B‐E.
Published: April 2006

Smith, G. F., Cole, D. T. & Wyk, B‐E. van: Bechuanaland: a misunderstood geographical name; and the type locality of Haworthia tenuifolia (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae). — Taxon 42: 369–371. 1993. — ISSN 0040–0262.

A common misconception about the geographical position of the southern African type locality, “Be(ts)chuanaland”, is clarified. It is shown that this regional name does not necessarily refer to the present‐day Republic of Botswana, and that the type specimen of Haworthia tenuifolia Engl. was collected in what later became the Cape Province (formerly Cape Colony) of the Republic of South Africa.
CRYPTONEMIA LIMENSIS(KÜTZING) LEWIS, COMB. NOV. (HALYMENIACEAE, RHODOPHYTA) FROM PERU
Authors: Lewis John A.
Published: April 2006

Study of type material of Euhymenia limensis Kützing, recently found in the National Herbarium of Victoria (MEL), has shown this alga to have vegetative and reproductive features typical of the family Halymeniaceae and most like the genus Cryptonemia. The binomial Cryptonemia limensis (Kützing) Lewis, comb. nov. is therefore proposed. Type material of Sebdenia chichensis Taylor, Cryptonemia quaymasensis (Dawson) Dawson, C. chiangii Acleto, and C. peruviana Acleto have been examined and found to be synonymous with C. limensis.
General Committee Report 3
Authors: Nicolson Dan H.
Published: April 2006

Nicolson, D. H.: General Commitee Report 3. ‐ Taxon 40: 461–462. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

Approves the German edition of the Code and, with comments, proposals recommended by the Spermatophyta Committee Report 36.
Rhus hirta (L.) Sudworth, a newly revived correct name for Rhus typhina L. (Anacardiaceae)
Authors: Reveal James L.
Published: April 2006

Reveal, J. L.: Rhus hirta (L.) Sudworth, a newly revived correct name for Rhus typhina L. (Anacardiaceae). ‐ Taxon 40: 489–492. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

Rhus hirta (L.) Sudworth is based on Datisca hirta L., a name long rejected as a monstrosity but which has priority over Rhus typhina L. (1756). Three formae of the North American staghorn‐sumac are recognized: Two cultivated, f. hirta (including R. typhina f. laciniata (Wood) Rehder) and f. dissecta (Rehder) Reveal; one wild, R. hirta f. typhina (L.) Reveal (here lectotypified).
Nomenclature of the Mexican cypress or “cedar of Goa”, Cupressus lusitanica Mill. (Cupressaceae)
Authors: Farjon Aljos
Published: April 2006

Farjon, A.: Nomenclature of the Mexican cypress or “cedar of Goa”, Cupressus lusitanica Mill. (Cupressaceae). ‐ Taxon 42: 81‐84. 1993. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

Vagaries regarding the origin and taxonomic relationship of the second true cypress described after Linnaeus's Cupressus sempervirens result in the current use of two to three binomials for what is beyond doubt a single species. By identification of the holotype of Miller's name and the evaluation of some historical facts concerning Miller's source trees, the correct botanical name for the Mexican cypress is established and its principal synonymy given.
Report of the Committee for Fungi and Lichens: 3
Authors: Gams Walter
Published: April 2006

Gams, W.: Report of the Committee for Fungi and Lichens: 3. ‐ Taxon 42: 112‐118. 1993. ‐ISSN 0040‐0262.

The Committee for Fungi and Lichens reports its recommendations on 15 proposals, one to amend the Code and 14 to conserve or reject names, recommending 10.
NASSELLA (GRAMINEAE, STIPEAE): REVISED INTERPRETATION AND NOMENCLATURAL CHANGES
Authors: Barkworth Mary E.
Published: April 2006

The taxonomic history of Nassella Desv. is reviewed and its circumscription expanded to include all species of Stipeae with strongly overlapping lemma margins; lemma apices that are fused into a crown; paleas that are highly reduced, ecostate, and glabrous; long epiblasts; and lemma epidermes with very short fundamental cells having silicified cell walls. The expanded genus includes 79 species, almost all of which are South American. Piptochaetium and Stipa sect. Hesperostipa are suggested as the closest extant relatives. Synapomorphies of the three taxa are: brownish callus hairs; fused lemma apices; bulbous‐based lemma cilia; silicified lemma fundamental cells; and long epiblasts. A key to putatively monophyletic groups in American Stipeae and a synopsis of Nassella s.l., involving more than 60 new combinations, are presented. The transferred species include representatives from seven subgenera of Stipa L. described by Spegazzini.
SOLANDER'S MANUSCRIPT FLORULA INDUE OCCIDENTALS AND SWARTZ'S PRODROMUS
Authors: Nicolson Dan H. , Jarvis C. E.
Published: April 2006

From late 1786 to mid‐1787 Swartz worked at the Banksian Museum preparing his Prodromus (1788). Banks permitted him access to Solander's manuscripts, including a Florula Indiae Occidentalis, as well as the specimens and literature underlying it. Many of Swartz's subsequently published names of new species (and genera) have the same names used in the Florula. More than 10% of the names in Swartz's Prodromus are asterisked, meaning that they are based on materials (specimens and/or references) found in Banks' collections and appear in Solander's Florula. The unpublished Florula, aside from its contribution to Swartz's publications, is interesting because it cites collectors and localities, providing an insight into early records.
DONNÉES CARYOLOGIQUES CHEZ LE GENRE ULEX L. (PAPILIONOIDEAE) DANS LE MASSIF ARMORICAIN
Authors: Misset M. Th.
Published: April 2006

L'étude de la méïose est menée chez les trois espèces armoricaines du genre Ulex: U. europaeus L., U. minor Roth, U. gallii Planch, et chez des hybrides naturels. Cette étude permet d'établir leur nombre chromosomique et de mettre en évidence de fréquentes anomalies chez les écotypes prostrés d'U. gallii.

A caryological study of meiosis was undertaken on the three armorican species of the genus Ulex: U. europaeus L., U. minor Roth, U. gallii Planch, and some natural hybrids. This study gives their chromosome numbers and revealed frequent abnormalities in the U. gallii prostrate ecotypes.
Chloroplast DNA variation and the tribal position of Eremothamnus (Asteraceae)
Authors: Bergqvist Gullevi , Bremer Birgitta , Bremer Kåre
Published: April 2006

Bergqvist, G., Bremer, B. & Bremer, K.: Chloroplast DNA variation and the tribal position of Eremothamnus (Asteraceae). – Taxon 44: 341‐350. 1995. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

The genus Eremothamnus has been classified in several tribes, in recent times either in the Arctoteae or in a new tribe Eremothamneae; because of its isolated position within the family, it has also been left unclassified as to tribe. Chloroplast DNA restriction site data for Eremothamnus, suitable for comparison with similar data provided in the literature for other genera of the Asteraceae, and the rbcL gene sequence for Eremothamnus when compared with those of other Asteraceae, both indicate that Eremothamnus is related to the Arctoteae and may be classified in that tribe.
A review of chromosome numbers in Bombacaceae with new counts for Adansonia
Authors: Baum David A. , Oginuma Kazuo
Published: April 2006

Baum, D. A. & Oginuma, K.: A review of chromosome numbers in Bombacaceae with new counts for Adansonia. – Taxon 43: 11‐20. 1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

New chromosome counts are reported for all eight species of Adansonia. The six Malagasy species and the Australian species have 2n = 88, whereas the single African species, A. digitata, has 2n = 160. We review published counts for the family as a whole and conclude that there have been many inaccurate counts but that 2n = 86‐92 appears to be general. A. digitata, Rhodognaphalon brevicuspe and Eriotheca pubescens are inferred to be polyploids. The tribe Durioneae, with counts of 2n = 28 and 2n = 56, is distant from the remainder of the family, as also suggested by morphological, biogeographic and molecular data.
Four new genera of woody Apiaceae of Madagascar
Authors: Van Wyk Ben‐Erik , Tilney Patricia M. , Winter Pieter J. D.
Published: April 2006

Van Wyk, B.‐E., Tilney, P. M. & Winter, P. J. D.: Four new genera of woody Apiaceae of Madagascar. – Taxon 48: 737‐745. 1999. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

Eight Malagasi species of Apiaceae were previously misplaced in the African genus Heteromorpha but have been recently excluded from it. They, with the E. African species of Pseudocarum, have remarkably unspecialised fruits and do not fit within Drude's classification system for the family, as they combine vittae characteristic of the Saniculoideae and Apioideae. They have oil ducts in the fruit ribs (intrajugal vittae) in addition to the normal ones between the ribs (vallecular vittae). The species (except one) have dentate‐serrate leaf segments, and some also have dentate involucral bracts, reminiscent of the Saniculoideae. These characteristics are interpreted as symplesiomorphies, and the group of species as a whole is undoubtedly paraphyletic. A new generic classification is proposed, and a key to the genera and species is provided. Four genera, Andriana, Cannaboides, Pseudocannaboides, and Tana, are described as new, to accommodate seven species and one additional variety: A. coursii, A. marojejyensis, A. tsaratananensis, C. andohahelensis, C. andohahelensis var. denudata, C. betsileensis, Pseudocannaboides andringitrensis, and T. bojeriana. Pseudocarum laxiflorum and P. laxiflorum var. alticola are additional new combinations.
On the sectional nomenclature ofSuaeda (Chenopodiaceae)
Authors: Schenk H. Jochen , Ferren Wayne R.
Published: April 2006

Schenk, H. J. & Ferren, W. R., Jr.: On the sectional nomenclature ofSuaeda (Chenopodiaceae). ‐Taxon 50: 857–873. 2001. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

The genusSuaeda (Chenopodiaceae)has been divided historically into two to eight sections or between two and seven genera. We review the sectional nomenclature ofSuaedato clarify priorities of sectional and generic names and to determine or assign types for each of these. The nomenclatural history ofSuaedahas been complicated by past misapplication of the nameS. fruticosato the generic type,S. veraForssk. ex J.F. Gmel., and incorrect author attribution as“Suaeda fruticosa(L.) Forssk.”, as well as confusion with the species correctly calledS. fruticosaForssk. ex J.F. Gmel. The generic type,Suaeda vera, is also the type ofS. sect.ChenopodinaMoq. (S. sect.LachnostigmaIljin, nom. superfl.), which is correctly namedS. sect.Suaeda. Suaeda fruticosais placed inS. sect.SalsinaMoq.Suaedasect.Brezia(Moq.) Volk. is reinstated overS. sect.HeterospermaIljin, andS. sect.Schoberia(C.A. Mey.) Volk. is reinstated overS. sect.ConospermaIljin. Other currently accepted sectional epithets includeLimbogermenIljin,PhysophoraIljin,Schanginia(C.A. Mey.) Volk.,MacrosuaedaTsvelev, andImmersaTownsend. Types are designated forS. sect.LimbogermenIljin,S. sect.SalsinaMoq., andS. sect.Schoberia(C.A. Mey.) Volk. and for the generic nameSchoberiaC.A. Mey.Suaedasect.PlatystigmaIljin is placed in synonymy underS. sect.Suaeda. Delineations of sections largely follow Iljin [1936.Sovietsk. Bot. 1936(5): 39–49], whose treatment has been generally supported by recent data on the distribution of C3and C4photosynthesis and leaf anatomy in the genus. Sections are delineated by the morphology of the gynoecium and the seed, by leaf anatomy, as well as by inflorescence type. Descriptions and lists of representative species are given for the nine currently accepted sections.
TheCerastium alpinum‐C. arcticumcomplex(Caryophyllaceae):numerical analyses of morphological variation and a taxonomic revision ofC. arcticumLange s.l.
Authors: Brysting Anne K. , Elven Reidar
Published: April 2006

Brysting, A. K. & Elven, R.: TheCerastium alpinum‐C. arcticumcomplex(Caryophyllaceae):numerical analyses of morphological variation and a taxonomic revision ofC. arcticumLange s.l. – Taxon 49: 189–216. 2000. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

Morphological variation ofCerastium alpinumL.,C. arcticumLange, and related taxa was investigated by numerical analyses. The analyses showed that the present division into two species is inappropriate and does not cover the levels of variation within theC. alpinum‐C. arcticumcomplex. Two alternative models for a new and functional taxonomy of the complex are discussed: (1) that there is one widely defined species,C. alpinum,including several subspecies, (2) alternatively that arctic and non‐arctic populations of what currently is namedC. arcticumbelong to two different taxa, both distinct fromC. alpinum.Our studies indicate the presence of several evolutionary lineages, which are not adequately accounted for by the recognition of a widely circumscribedC. alpinum,and support a subdivision of currentC. arcticuminto two separate species,C. arcticumLange s.str. andC. nigrescens(H.C. Watson) Edmondston ex H.C. Watson. A revised taxonomic treatment is presented.
Informatics: new media and paths of data flow
Authors: Wilson Hugh D.
Published: April 2006

Wilson, H. D.: Informatics: new media and paths of data flow. – Taxon 50: 381–387. 2001. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

The international community of systematic botany is in the process of entering a networked, digital environment that, after initial development over the past five years, will dominate all aspects of scientific activity in the future. Emerging new technologies are transforming the Internet into a global neural network that presents systematic botany, and science in general, with future prospects that include remarkable opportunity and significant challenge. The products of systematic botany, previously generated locally as static, hardcopy documents, can now be presented as collaborative enterprises from distributed centers as high‐content, dynamic data resources that are constantly updated and refined. In addition, these products can be made available to a global user community in multiple forms that can be targeted for different user groups. The emerging Internet standard of “usage equals value” could place the products of systematic botany in a position to draw public interest, usage, and—most importantly—support. However, opportunities inherent in the coming “digital transition” will not be realised if traditional, hardcopy‐based, perspectives on collaboration, peer review, publication and “ownership” are retained. Scientific communities that are able to recognise new potentials and respond by establishing appropriate interactive protocols will enhance and advance their discipline in this new environment. They will also work to insure, via interaction and content review by professionals, that information available to the public is of the highest scientific quality.
The present situation and prospects of plant taxonomy in China
Authors: Ma Jin Shuang , Liu Quan Ru
Published: April 2006

Ma, J. S. & Liu, Q. R.: The present situation and prospects of plant taxonomy in China. ‐Taxon 47: 67–74. 1998. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

Facing still unresolved taxonomic problems in many plant groups and overshadowed by recent economic and social changes, classical plant taxonomy in China is seriously threatened by the gradual loss of taxonomists and funding, not to mention the extinction of undescribed plant taxa resulting from environmental degradation at the approach of the 21st century. The status of floristic projects, taxonomic publications, and the staff and students of herbaria and botanical institutes is presented. The solution to problems limiting plant taxonomic research and floristics in China appears to be dependent primarily on supporting current co‐operative projects and raising additional research funds through Chinese and international collaborative efforts.
The Antarctic Plant Database: a specimen and literature based information system
Authors: Peat Helen J.
Published: April 2006

Peat, H. J.: The Antarctic Plant Database: a specimen and literature based information system. ‐ Taxon 47: 85–93. 1998. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

The British Antarctic Survey's Antarctic Plant Database holds over 50,000 herbarium records for Antarctic and sub‐Antarctic flowering plants and cryptogams held in herbaria world‐wide. In addition, it holds information on species occurrences recorded in the literature for southern polar regions and synonymy indexes for relevant species. The database has been linked to a geographic information system, which can aid record validation and resource management as well as the study of species distributions and biodiversity.
Identity and lectotypification of Orthotrichum undulatum (Orthotrichaceae, Musci)
Authors: Reese William D.
Published: April 2006

Reese, W. D.: Identity and lectotypification of Orthotrichum undulatum (Orthotrichaceae, Musci). – Taxon 46: 249‐252. 1997. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

Orthotrichum undulatum Hook. & Grev., based on mixed type material, is synonymized with Macromitrium incurvifolium (Hook. & Grev.) Schwägr. and is lectotypified by a specimen from W. J. Hooker's herbarium at BM.
Report of the Committee for Algae: 3
Authors: Compère Pierre
Published: April 2006

Compère, P.: Report of the Committee for Algae: 3. – Taxon 46: 319‐321. 1997 – ISSN 0040‐0262.

The Committee for Algae reports on six conservation proposals and one rejection proposal, concerning a family name, four generic names and two species names. All but one of the proposals are recommended.
Resurrection of Themidaceae for the Brodiaea alliance, and recircumscription of Alliaceae, Amaryllidaceae and Agapanthoideae
Authors: Fay Michael F. , Chase Mark W.
Published: April 2006

Fay, M. F. & Chase, M. W.: Resurrection of Themidaceae for the Brodiaea alliance, and recircumscription of Alliaceae, Amaryllidaceae and Agapanthoideae. – Taxon 45: 441‐451. 1996. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

The family Themidaceae Salisb. is resurrected and recircumscribed. It consists of C. 10 genera of cormous plants principally from western N. America (British Columbia to northern Guatemala). These had been included in Alliaceae, as tribe Brodiaeeae (subfamily Allioideae), but recent molecular and anatomical studies indicate that the group merits familial status. Petronymphe is not a member of this group but rather belongs in Anthericaceae. Agapanthus is misplaced in Alliaceae and, despite its superior ovary, should be considered a member of Amaryllidaceae, as subfamily Agapanthoideae. Alliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, and Agapanthoideae are recircumscribed, and Tulbaghieae raised to subfamilial status.
A nomenclatural and taxonomic account of Willemetia (Compositae, Lactuceae, Crepidinae)
Authors: Kirschnerová Lída , Kirschner Jan
Published: April 2006

Kirschnerová, L. & Kirschner, J.: A nomenclatural and taxonomic account of Willemetia (Compositae, Lactuceae, Crepidinae). – Taxon 45: 627‐630. 1996. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

The name Willemetia Neck. was validly published in 1777‐1778 already, thus antedating Calycocorsus F. W. Schmidt 1791. Details of the publication are given, including probable dating. A generic description, a key to species and subspecies included in the genus and summary of their distributions, and full synonymy and typification at all ranks are given. A new combination, W. stipitata subsp. albanica, is proposed.
Familial placement of Cyrtandromoea, Titanotrichum and Sanango, three problematic genera of the Lamiales
Authors: Smith J. F. , Brown K. D. , Carroll C. L. , Denton D. S.
Published: April 2006

Smith, J. F., Brown, K. D., Carroll, C. L. & Denton, D. S.: Familial placement of Cyrtandromoea, Titanotrichum and Sanango, three problematic genera of the Lamiales. – Taxon 46: 65‐74. 1997. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

Cladistic relationships among Gesneriaceae and related families are investigated using ndhF sequence data, to establish the affinity of three genera whose familial placement was uncertain on the basis of morphological evidence alone. A first analysis, including 18 outgroup species from the Buddlejaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Bignoniaceae, and Acanthaceae resulted in eleven most‐parsimonious trees of 5740 steps each. Recent classifications had placed Cyrtandromoea in Scrophulariaceae or Gesneriaceae, Titanotrichum as a monogeneric tribe in Gesneriaceae, and Sanango in either Scrophulariaceae, Gesneriaceae, Loganiaceae, or Buddlejaceae, Sequence data from the chloroplast ndhF gene indicate that they are Gesneriaceae: Cyrtandromoea belongs to the Klugieae, the monogeneric Titanotricheae are perhaps sister to the remainder of the Cyrtandroideae, and Sanango is placed in the Gesnerieae as was predicted by recent morphological and chemical analyses.