bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New trematode species Lecithostaphylus halongi n. sp. (Zoogonidae, Microphalloidea) and Gymnotergestia strongyluri n. sp. (Fellodistomidae, Gymnophalloidea) from beloniform fishes in Vietnam
Authors: Atopkin D.M. , Besprozvannykh V.V. , Ha N.D. , Nguyen H.V. , Nguyen T.V.
Published: March 2022

In this study we described two new trematode species, Lecithostaphylus halongi n. sp. (Zoogonidae, Lecithostaphylinae) and Gymnotergestia strongyluri n. sp. (Fellodistomidae, Tergestiinae), on the basis of morphological and molecular data. Adult worms of these two species were collected from, respectively, Hemiramphus spp. (Hemiramphidae) and Strongylura strongylura (Belonidae) caught in the coastal waters of Vietnam. Adult worms of L. halongi n. sp. are morphologically close to Lecithostaphylus gibsoni Cribb, Bray & Barker, 1992 ex Abudefduf whitleyi from Heron Island and Lecithostaphylus depauperati Yamaguti, 1970 ex Hemiramphus depauperatus from Hawaii, but differ from these species in having a larger cirrus sac and a different arrangement of vitelline fields. They also differ from Lecithostaphylus brayi Cabañas-Granillo, Solórzano-García, Mendoza-Garfias & Pérez-Ponce de León, 2020 in the 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence data at the interspecific level. Adult worms of G. strongyluri n. sp. ex S. strongylura are morphologically similar to Gymnotergestia chaetodipteri, the only previously known species of this genus, described from Chaetodipterus faber in Jamaica. The new species differs from G. chaetodipteri in body shape, testicular arrangement and the size of the pharynx and eggs. The 28S rDNA-based phylogenetic analysis indicates that G. strongyluri n. sp. is closely related to Tergestia spp., rendering Tergestia paraphyletic. Genetic divergence values between G. strongyluri n. sp. and Tergestia spp. are similar to those among species in the genera Tergestia, Steringophorus and Proctoeces. Our molecular results indicate that G. strongyluri n. sp. and Tergestia spp. may belong the same genus, but additional molecular data are needed for the final conclusion.
Who should pay for social care for older people in England? Results from surveys of public attitudes to the funding of adult social care
Authors: WITTENBERG RAPHAEL , READ SANNA , ERENS BOB , KNAPP MARTIN , WISTOW GERALD , DICKINSON FRANCIS , CYHLAROVA EVA , MAYS NICHOLAS
Published: March 2022

While debate on how best to pay for social care in England continues, information about public attitudes on this issue is limited. We asked representative samples of the public whether care costs for older people should be met by the state, met by the service user or shared between state and user. We used an online survey of people aged 18–75 (n = 3,000) and interview survey of people aged 65 and over (n = 466). Respondents were given four vignettes (two home care, two residential care) and asked who should pay at different levels of user resources; and how much users should contribute when costs were shared. Fewer than one-fifth of the online sample and one-quarter of the interview sample considered that the state should meet the full costs whatever users’ resources; considerably lower proportions believed that users should meet the full costs in all cases. Two-thirds of the online sample and half the interview sample thought costs should be shared. The proportion of costs that users should contribute was relatively low (20–50 per cent, varying by user resources). The study illustrates that public views elicited through vignettes can provide evidence to inform policy on social care funding.
Pre-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among staff and residents of nursing homes in Flanders (Belgium) in fall 2020
Authors: Janssens Heidi , Heytens Stefan , Meyers Eline , De Schepper Ellen , De Sutter An , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Formukong Asangwing , Keirse Sara , Padalko Elizaveta , Geens Tom , Cools Piet
Published: March 2022

Seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG antibodies, using dried blood spots, was determined in October–November 2020, among residents and staff randomly selected from 20 nursing homes (NH) geographically distributed in Flanders, Belgium. Sociodemographic and medical data [including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms and results of RT-PCR tests] were retrieved using questionnaires. The overall seroprevalence was 17.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 14.9–19.5], with 18.9% (95% CI 15.9–22.2) of the residents and 14.9% (95% CI 11.9–18.4) of the staff having antibodies, which was higher than the seroprevalence in blood donors. The seroprevalence in the 20 NH varied between 0.0% and 45.0%. Fourteen per cent of the staff with antibodies, reported no typical COVID-19 symptoms, while in residents, 51.0% of those with antibodies had no symptoms. The generalised mixed effect model showed a positive association between COVID-19 symptoms and positive serology, but this relation was weaker in residents compared to staff. This study shows that NH are more affected by SARS-CoV-2 than the general population. The large variation between NH, suggests that some risk factors for the spread among residents and staff may be related to the NH. Further, the results suggest that infected people, without the typical COVID-19 symptoms, might play a role in outbreaks.
Imbibing the Future: Alcohol Moderation and Modernity in 1960s and 1970s East German Broadcast Media
Authors: Gillespie John
Published: March 2022

This article explores the representation of alcohol on East German television, radio and film in the 1960s and 1970s. It analyses the state media's attempts to strike a balance between preaching moderation in the name of public health and co-opting the cultural legacy of beer, particularly for working-class men. The attempt to accomplish both goals simultaneously resulted in a seemingly contradictory programme of public messaging that reveals efforts by the socialist leadership to calibrate their vision of a modern socialist future to accommodate the persistent power of a cultural commodity in Germany.
Timing of pulmonary valve replacement: can we use the same volumetric thresholds in repaired tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary stenosis?
Authors: Slater Emily D. , Lewis Matthew J. , Zemer-Wassercug Noa , Rosenbaum Marlon S.
Published: March 2022

The timing of pulmonary valve replacement in patients with pulmonary regurgitation following treatment of pulmonary stenosis is undefined. Although cardiac magnetic resonance-based right ventricular volumes in tetralogy of Fallot patients have been used as a guide in pulmonary stenosis patients, anatomic differences between tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary stenosis patients complicate their application to pulmonary stenosis patients and could result in late referral for pulmonary valve replacement. We sought to determine if pulmonary stenosis patients referred for pulmonary valve replacement were at greater risk for morbidity or need for tricuspid valve intervention at the time of pulmonary valve replacement. A retrospective cohort study was performed on all adult patients with a diagnosis of pulmonary stenosis or tetralogy of Fallot followed at our centre. Clinical and imaging-based exposures were collected. Pre-specified endpoints included need for concomitant tricuspid valve repair or replacement and pre- and post-pulmonary valve replacement cardiac magnetic resonance-based volumetric measurements. Between 1/1999 and 1/2020, 235 patients underwent pulmonary valve replacement for pulmonary regurgitation (52 with pulmonary stenosis, 183 with tetralogy of Fallot). Pulmonary stenosis patients were more likely to have at least moderate tricuspid regurgitation (p = 0.010), undergo concomitant tricuspid valve intervention (p = 0.003), and require tricuspid valve repair or replacement secondary to annular dilation (p = 0.027) compared to tetralogy of Fallot patients. There was no difference in pre-pulmonary valve replacement right ventricular size between pulmonary stenosis and tetralogy of Fallot patients. These findings suggest that referral for pulmonary valve replacement may be occurring later in the disease course for pulmonary stenosis patients.
Supporting Volunteer Firefighter Well-Being: Lessons from the Australian “Black Summer” Bushfires
Authors: Smith Erin , Holmes Lisa , Larkin Brigid , Mills Brennen , Dobson Mark
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

The 2019-2020 “Black Summer” bushfires in Australia focused the attention of the nation on the critical role that volunteer firefighters play in the response to such a disaster, spurring a national conversation about how to best support those on the frontline. The objective of this research was to explore the impact of the Black Summer bushfires on volunteer firefighter well-being and to investigate how to deliver effective well-being support.

Methods:

An explorative qualitative design underpinned by a phenomenological approach was applied. Participant recruitment followed a multi-modal sampling strategy and data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews.

Results:

Qualitative data were collected from 58 participants aged from 23 to 61-years-of-age (average age of 46 years). All self-reported as volunteer firefighters who had responded to the Black Summer bushfires in Australia. Just over 80% of participants were male and the majority lived in the Australian states of New South Wales (65%) and Victoria (32%). All participants reported impact on their well-being, resulting from cumulative trauma exposure, responding to fires in local communities, intense work demands, minimal intervals between deployments, and disruption to primary employment. In regard to supporting well-being, four key themes emerged from data analysis: (1) Well-being support needs to be both proactive and reactive and empower local leaders to “reach in” while encouraging responders to “reach out;” (2) Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) should not be the only well-being support option available; (3) The sharing of lived experience is important; and (4) Support programs need to address self-stigmatization.

Conclusion:

Participants in this research identified that effective well-being support needs to be both proactive and reactive and holistic in approach.
Strengthening primary health care: contributions of young professional-led communities of practice
Authors: Calma Kaara Ray B. , Brown Lynsey J. , Fernando G.V.M. Chamath , Omam Lundi-Anne
Published: March 2022

Background:

Health systems that have strong primary health care at their core have overall better patient outcomes. Primary health care is key to achieving Universal Health Coverage and the broader health-related Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. In 2018, at the launch of the Declaration of Astana, the World Health Organization formed the inaugural Primary Health Care Young Leaders’ Network.

Objective:

This paper aims to demonstrate the scope for young professional-led communities of practice in fostering support systems for young leaders and strengthening the delivery of primary health care at multiple levels.

Methods:

A description of the Young Leaders' Network community of practice model is presented, with examples of the work the members are doing, individually and collectively, to advance the science and practice of primary health care.

Results:

This initiative brought together 21 individuals from across the world, working across disciplines and within an array of socioeconomic contexts to improve primary health care in their respective countries.

Conclusions:

This youth-led community of practice is able to share knowledge, evidence and resources to inform clinical and public health activities, policy initiatives, advocacy and research to improve primary health care delivery and health outcomes for communities across the globe.
Development postcolonial: a critical approach to understanding SDGs in the perspective of Christian social ethics
Authors: Vogt Markus
Published: March 2022

Non-technical summary

By distinguishing between developed and less developed nations, the concept of development subtly establishes hierarchies and a supposed comparability, which is highly ambivalent from a socio-ethical point of view. The idea of holistic development in Catholic social teaching focus on cultural dimensions and therefore sets an important counter accent to the fixation on socio-technically producible and countable things. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) lack a coherence between the social and the ecological components as well as a naming of power conflicts. For a power-critical, postcolonial and participatory concept of development, their interpretation could learn substantially from the encyclicalLaudato si'.

Technical summary

The paradigm of development is subjected to a radical critique in parts of the academic debate: Is the idea of development, which in a gesture of aid divides the world into “developed” and “underdeveloped” nations and thus establishes a hierarchy, still politically and morally justifiable at all? Has this concept possibly become a backdoor to prolong the old colonial power relations into the 21st century, even to increase them in some cases? Is development one of the great utopias of the 20th century that promised freedom and brought division? Is the ecological overexploitation of global resources the inevitable reverse side of the spread of the Western model of prosperity disguised as “development”? Do the SDGs act subcutaneously as enablers of Western imperial power, or do they represent a genuine paradigm shift? This article explores these questions in four steps: 1. Is the age of development is over? 2. The ideal of “integral development” – steps of a revision process 3. In the tension between ecological and social goals: A Comparison of the “Sustainable Development Goals” and the EncyclicalLaudato si' 4. Priorities and strategies of a “post-utopian development policy”.

Social media summary

The shadows of colonial thinking are still effective today in development concepts fixated on countable factors of socioeconomic efficiency.
Präklinische Schmerztherapie: Übersicht und Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten
Authors: Akbas Samira , Castellucci Clara , Nehls Franziska , Müller Stefan Matthias , Spahn Donat R. , Kaserer Alexander
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung. Schmerzen sind ein Problem, mit dem das Rettungsdienstpersonal in der Präklinik häufig konfrontiert ist. Eine schnelle und effektive Analgesie wirkt sich positiv auf den physiologischen und psychologischen Zustand der Patientinnen und Patienten aus. Doch nach wie vor werden präklinisch bis zu 43 % der Betroffenen unzureichend analgetisch therapiert. Mehrere Studien identifizierten Faktoren, die ursächlich für diese Problematik sind. Die drei wesentlichen sind das behandelnde Personal sowie patienten- und einsatzspezifische Besonderheiten. Damit die präklinische Analgesie künftig weiter verbessert werden kann, braucht es neben strukturellen und organisatorischen Veränderungen auch die Implementierung neuer Methoden und Therapien.
Extratropical Shortwave Cloud Feedbacks in the Context of the Global Circulation and Hydrological Cycle
Authors: McCoy Daniel T. , Field Paul , Frazer Michelle E. , Zelinka Mark D. , Elsaesser Gregory S. , Mülmenstädt Johannes , Tan Ivy , Myers Timothy A. , Lebo Zachary J.
Published: March 2022

Shortwave (SW) cloud feedback (SWFB) is the primary driver of uncertainty in the effective climate sensitivity (ECS) predicted by global climate models (GCMs). ECS for several GCMs participating in the sixth assessment report exceed 5K, above the fifth assessment report “likely” maximum (4.5K) due to extratropical SWFB's that are more positive than those simulated in the previous generation of GCMs. Here we show that across 57 GCMs Southern Ocean SWFB can be predicted from the sensitivity of column‐integrated liquid water mass (LWP) to moisture convergence and to surface temperature. The response of LWP to moisture convergence and the response of albedo to LWP anti‐correlate across GCMs. This is because GCMs that simulate a larger response of LWP to moisture convergence tend to have higher mean‐state LWPs, which reduces the impact of additional LWP on albedo. Observational constraints suggest a modestly negative Southern Ocean SWFB— inconsistent with extreme ECS.
Bedrock Geochemistry and Alteration History of the Clay‐Bearing Glen Torridon Region of Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Dehouck Erwin , Cousin Agnès , Mangold Nicolas , Frydenvang Jens , Gasnault Olivier , Forni Olivier , Rapin William , Gasda Patrick J. , Caravaca Gwénaël , David Gaël , Bedford Candice C. , Lasue Jérémie , Meslin Pierre‐Yves , Rammelkamp Kristin , Desjardins Marine , Le Mouélic Stéphane , Thorpe Michael T. , Fox Valerie K. , Bennett Kristen A. , Bryk Alexander B. , Lanza Nina L. , Maurice Sylvestre , Wiens Roger C.
Published: March 2022

Glen Torridon is a topographic trough located on the slope of Aeolis Mons, Gale crater, Mars. It corresponds to what was previously referred to as the “clay‐bearing unit,” due to the relatively strong spectral signatures of clay minerals (mainly ferric smectites) detected from orbit. Starting in January 2019, the Curiosity rover explored Glen Torridon for more than 700 sols (Martian days). The objectives of this campaign included acquiring a detailed understanding of the geologic context in which the clay minerals were formed, and determining the intensity of aqueous alteration experienced by the sediments. Here, we present the major‐element geochemistry of the bedrock as analyzed by the ChemCam instrument. Our results reveal that the two main types of bedrock exposures identified in the lower part of Glen Torridon are associated with distinct chemical compositions (K‐rich and Mg‐rich), for which we are able to propose mineralogical interpretations. Moreover, the topmost stratigraphic member exposed in the region displays a stronger diagenetic overprint, especially at two locations close to the unconformable contact with the overlying Stimson formation, where the bedrock composition significantly deviates from the rest of Glen Torridon. Overall, the values of the Chemical Index of Alteration determined with ChemCam are elevated by Martian standards, suggesting the formation of clay minerals through open‐system weathering. However, there is no indication that the alteration was stronger than in some terrains previously visited by Curiosity, which in turn implies that the enhanced orbital signatures are mostly controlled by non‐compositional factors.
Quantum steering with vector vortex photon states with the detection loophole closed
Authors: Slussarenko Sergei , Joch Dominick J. , Tischler Nora , Ghafari Farzad , Shalm Lynden K. , Verma Varun B. , Nam Sae Woo , Pryde Geoff J.
Published: March 2022

Violating a nonlocality inequality enables the most powerful remote quantum information tasks and fundamental tests of quantum physics. Loophole-free photonic verification of nonlocality has been achieved with polarization-entangled photon pairs, but not with states entangled in other degrees of freedom. Here we demonstrate completion of the quantum steering nonlocality task, with the detection loophole closed, when entanglement is distributed by transmitting a photon in an optical vector vortex state, formed by optical orbital angular momentum (OAM) and polarization. As well as opening up a high-efficiency encoding beyond polarization, the critically important demonstration of vector vortex steering opens the door to new free-space and satellite-based secure quantum communication devices and device-independent protocols.
Recovery time of a plasma-wakefield accelerator
Authors: D’Arcy R. , Chappell J. , Beinortaite J. , Diederichs S. , Boyle G. , Foster B. , Garland M. J. , Caminal P. Gonzalez , Lindstrøm C. A. , Loisch G. , Schreiber S. , Schröder S. , Shalloo R. J. , Thévenet M. , Wesch S. , Wing M. , Osterhoff J.
Published: March 2022

The interaction of intense particle bunches with plasma can give rise to plasma wakes1,2capable of sustaining gigavolt-per-metre electric fields3,4, which are orders of magnitude higher than provided by state-of-the-art radio-frequency technology5. Plasma wakefields can, therefore, strongly accelerate charged particles and offer the opportunity to reach higher particle energies with smaller and hence more widely available accelerator facilities. However, the luminosity and brilliance demands of high-energy physics and photon science require particle bunches to be accelerated at repetition rates of thousands or even millions per second, which are orders of magnitude higher than demonstrated with plasma-wakefield technology6,7. Here we investigate the upper limit on repetition rates of beam-driven plasma accelerators by measuring the time it takes for the plasma to recover to its initial state after perturbation by a wakefield. The many-nanosecond-level recovery time measured establishes the in-principle attainability of megahertz rates of acceleration in plasmas. The experimental signatures of the perturbation are well described by simulations of a temporally evolving parabolic ion channel, transferring energy from the collapsing wake to the surrounding media. This result establishes that plasma-wakefield modules could be developed as feasible high-repetition-rate energy boosters at current and future particle-physics and photon-science facilities.
Southern ocean sea level anomaly in the sea ice-covered sector from multimission satellite observations
Authors: Auger Matthis , Prandi Pierre , Sallée Jean-Baptiste
Published: March 2022

Despite its central role in the global climate, the Southern Ocean circulation is still one of the least understood ocean circulation systems of the planet. One major constraint to our understanding of this region is the challenge of observing ocean circulation in the seasonally sea ice sector of the Southern Ocean. Here, we present a new Sea Level Anomaly (SLA) product, focusing on the subpolar Southern Ocean and including its sea ice covered parts from 2013 to 2019. Combining observations from multiple satellites, including Cryosat-2, Sentinel-3A, and SARAL/AltiKa, processed with state-of-the-art algorithms, allows an improvement in spatial and temporal resolution compared with previous products. Validation is made by comparing our estimate with existing SLA products, cross-comparing estimates from individual satellites in the sea ice zones, and comparing the time series of the product with a Bottom Pressure Recorder in the Drake Passage.
Revealing inscriptions obscured by time on an early-modern lead funerary cross using terahertz multispectral imaging
Authors: Dong Junliang , Ribeiro Ana , Vacheret Aurélien , Locquet Alexandre , Citrin D. S.
Published: March 2022

The presence of a corrosion layer on lead art and archæological objects can severely impede the interpretation of inscriptions, thus hampering our overall understanding of the object and its context. While the oxidation of lead that dominates corrosion may be chemically reversible via reduction, potentially providing some access to inscriptions otherwise obscured by time, corrosion damage is overall neither entirely reversible nor is the reduction process in all cases easy or feasible to carry out. In this study, by taking advantage of the unique penetration ability of terahertz radiation and the abundant frequency bands covered by a single-cycle terahertz pulse, we perform nondestructive terahertz multispectral imaging to look under the corrosion on a sixteenth century lead funerary cross (croix d’absolution) from Remiremont in Lorraine, France. The multispectral images obtained from various terahertz frequency bands are fed into a judiciously designed post-processing chain for image restoration and enhancement, thus allowing us for the first time to read obscured inscriptions that might have otherwise been lost. Our approach, which brings together in a new way the THz properties of the constituent materials and advanced signal- and image-processing techniques, opens up new perspectives for multi-resolution analysis at terahertz frequencies as a technique in archæometry and will ultimately provide unprecedented information for digital acquisition and documentation, character extraction, classification, and recognition in archæological studies.
Microbiome and metabolome profiles of high screen time in a cohort of healthy college students
Authors: Jasbi Paniz , Mohr Alex E. , Shi Xiaojian , Mahmood Tara , Zhu Qiyun , Bruening Meg , Gu Haiwei , Whisner Corrie
Published: March 2022

As screens are increasingly integrated into every facet of modern life, there is growing concern over the potential effects of high screen time. Previous studies have largely utilized self-report data on mood and behavioral aspects of screen time, and no molecular theory has yet been developed. In this study, we explored the fecal microbiome and metabolome of a diverse group of 60 college students, classified by high (≥ 75 min/day) or low (0–75 min/day) self-reported screen time using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and targeted detection of short-chain fatty acids using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Several key taxa and metabolites were significantly altered between groups and found to be highly co-occurrent. Results of pathway and enzyme enrichment analyses were synthesized to articulate an integrated hypothesis indicating widespread mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant amino acid metabolism. High screen time was also predicted to be significantly associated with type I diabetes, obesity, chronic fatigue syndrome, and various manifestations of inflammatory bowel. This is the first-ever study to report the effects of high screen time at the molecular level, and these results provide a data-driven hypothesis for future experimental research.
Early cardiac-chamber-specific fingerprints in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction detected by FTIR and Raman spectroscopic techniques
Authors: Tombolesi Niki , Altara Raffaele , da Silva Gustavo J. J. , Tannous Cynthia , Zouein Fouad A. , Stensløkken Kåre-Olav , Morresi Assunta , Paolantoni Marco , Booz George W. , Cataliotti Alessandro , Sassi Paola
Published: March 2022

The pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a matter of investigation and its diagnosis remains challenging. Although the mechanisms that are responsible for the development of HFpEF are not fully understood, it is well known that nearly 80% of patients with HFpEF have concomitant hypertension. We investigated whether early biochemical alterations were detectable during HFpEF progression in salt-induced hypertensive rats, using Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopic techniques as a new diagnostic approach. Greater protein content and, specifically, greater collagen deposition were observed in the left atrium and right ventricle of hypertensive rats, together with altered metabolism of myocytes. Additionally, Raman spectra indicated a conformational change, or different degree of phosphorylation/methylation, in tyrosine-rich proteins. A correlation was found between tyrosine content and cardiac fibrosis of both right and left ventricles. Microcalcifications were detected in the left and right atria of control animals, with a progressive augmentation from six to 22 weeks. A further increase occurred in the left ventricle and right atrium of 22-week salt-fed animals, and a positive correlation was shown between the mineral deposits and the cardiac size of the left ventricle. Overall, FTIR and Raman techniques proved to be sensitive to early biochemical changes in HFpEF and preceded clinical humoral and imaging markers.
A hierarchy in clusters of cephalopod mRNA editing sites
Authors: Moldovan Mikhail A. , Chervontseva Zoe S. , Nogina Daria S. , Gelfand Mikhail S.
Published: March 2022

RNA editing in the form of substituting adenine with inosine (A-to-I editing) is the most frequent type of RNA editing in many metazoan species. In most species, A-to-I editing sites tend to form clusters and editing at clustered sites depends on editing of the adjacent sites. Although functionally important in some specific cases, A-to-I editing usually is rare. The exception occurs in soft-bodied coleoid cephalopods, where tens of thousands of potentially important A-to-I editing sites have been identified, making coleoids an ideal model for studying of properties and evolution of A-to-I editing sites. Here, we apply several diverse techniques to demonstrate a strong tendency of coleoid RNA editing sites to cluster along the transcript. We show that clustering of editing sites and correlated editing substantially contribute to the transcriptome diversity that arises due to extensive RNA editing. Moreover, we identify three distinct types of editing site clusters, varying in size, and describe RNA structural features and mechanisms likely underlying formation of these clusters. In particular, these observations may explain sequence conservation at large distances around editing sites and the observed dependency of editing on mutations in the vicinity of editing sites.
Interaction of thin polyethyleneimine layer with the iron surface and its effect on the electrochemical behavior
Authors: Gorejová Radka , Podrojková Natália , Sisáková Katarína , Shepa Jana , Shepa Ivan , Kovalčíková Alexandra , Šišoláková Ivana , Kaľavský František , Oriňaková Renáta
Published: March 2022

Polymer-coated metals may act as biodegradable orthopedic implants with adjustable corrosion rates. Metallic surfaces represent a dynamic system with specific interactions occurring after the material is implanted into the human body. An additional layer, in the form of polymeric thin film, changes the nature of this metal-body fluids interface. Moreover, the interaction between polymer and metal itself can differ for various systems. Iron-based material modified with a thin layer of polyethyleneimine (PEI) coating was prepared and studied as potential absorbable implant. Computational methods were employed to study the interaction between the metallic surface and polymer functional monomer units at atomic levels. Various spectroscopical and optical methods (SEM, AFM, Confocal, and Raman spectroscopy) were also used to characterize prepared material. Electrochemical measurements have been chosen to study the polymer adsorption process onto the iron surface and corrosion behavior which is greatly influenced by the PEI presence. The adsorption mechanism of PEI onto iron was proposed alongside the evaluation of Fe and Fe-PEI degradation behavior studied using the impedance method. Bonding via amino -NH2 group of PEI onto Fe and enhanced corrosion rate of coated samples were observed and confirmed.
Cross compatibility in intraspecific and interspecific hybridization in yam (Dioscorea spp.)
Authors: Mondo Jean M. , Agre Paterne A. , Edemodu Alex , Asiedu Robert , Akoroda Malachy O. , Asfaw Asrat
Published: March 2022

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a staple crop for millions of people in the tropics and subtropics. Its genetic improvement through breeding is being challenged by pre-zygotic and post-zygotic cross-compatibility barriers within and among species. Studies dissecting hybridization barriers on yam for improving the crossability rates are limited. This study aimed to assess the cross-compatibility, which yielded fruit set, viable seeds and progeny plants in an extensive intraspecific and interspecific crossing combinations in a yam genetic improvement effort to understand the internal and exogenous factors influencing pollination success. Cross-compatability was analyzed at the individual genotype or family level using historical data from crossing blocks and seedling nurseries from 2010 to 2020 at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). The average crossability rate (ACR) was lower in interspecific crossing combinations (6.1%) than intraspecific ones (27.6%). The seed production efficiency (SPE) values were 1.1 and 9.3% for interspecific and intraspecific crosses, respectively. Weather conditions and pollinator's skills are the main contributors to the low success rate in the intraspecific cross combinations in yam breeding. At the same time, genetic distance and heterozygosity played little role. Interspecific cross barriers were both pre-zygotic and post-zygotic, resulting from the evolutionary divergence among the yam species. Dioscorea rotundata had higher interspecific cross-compatibility indices than D. alata. Distant parents produced intraspecific crossbred seeds with higher germination rates compared to closest parents (r = 0.21, p = 0.033). This work provided important insights into interspecific and intraspecific cross-compatibility in yam and suggested actions for improving hybridization practices in yam breeding programs.
Methylation of recombinant mononucleosomes by DNMT3A demonstrates efficient linker DNA methylation and a role of H3K36me3
Authors: Bröhm Alexander , Schoch Tabea , Dukatz Michael , Graf Nora , Dorscht Franziska , Mantai Evelin , Adam Sabrina , Bashtrykov Pavel , Jeltsch Albert
Published: March 2022

Recently, the structure of the DNMT3A2/3B3 heterotetramer complex bound to a mononucleosome was reported. Here, we investigate DNA methylation of recombinant unmodified, H3KC4me3 and H3KC36me3 containing mononucleosomes by DNMT3A2, DNMT3A catalytic domain (DNMT3AC) and the DNMT3AC/3B3C complex. We show strong protection of the nucleosomal bound DNA against methylation, but efficient linker-DNA methylation next to the nucleosome core. High and low methylation levels of two specific CpG sites next to the nucleosome core agree well with details of the DNMT3A2/3B3-nucleosome structure. Linker DNA methylation next to the nucleosome is increased in the absence of H3K4me3, likely caused by binding of the H3-tail to the ADD domain leading to relief of autoinhibition. Our data demonstrate a strong stimulatory effect of H3K36me3 on linker DNA methylation, which is independent of the DNMT3A-PWWP domain. This observation reveals a direct functional role of H3K36me3 on the stimulation of DNA methylation, which could be explained by hindering the interaction of the H3-tail and the linker DNA. We propose an evolutionary model in which the direct stimulatory effect of H3K36me3 on DNA methylation preceded its signaling function, which could explain the evolutionary origin of the widely distributed “active gene body-H3K36me3-DNA methylation” connection.
“Writing biochips”: high-resolution droplet-to-droplet manufacturing of analytical platforms
Authors: Arrabito Giuseppe , Gulli Daniele , Alfano Caterina , Pignataro Bruno
Published: March 2022

Depletion-free molecular ink deposition with accurate volume control allows for the fabrication of droplet-based bioanalytical assays.
SNS ligand-assisted catalyst activation in Zn-catalysed carbonyl hydroboration
Authors: Ataie Saeed , Hogeterp Seth , Ovens Jeffrey S. , Baker R. Tom
Published: March 2022

Zinc amido and thiolate SNS complexes exhibit distinct ligand-assisted pre-catalyst activation pathways for carbonyl hydroboration using pinacolborane.
Synthesis of conjugated segment-based cyclic polymers for direct imaging of the cyclic molecular topology
Authors: Ma Cuihong , Quan Ying , Sun Ruyi , Song Wei , Liao Xiaojuan , Xie Meiran
Published: March 2022

Conjugated polyacetylene segment-based monocyclic and bicyclic polymers were synthesized using metathesis polymerizations, and the visualized molecular topology of the cyclic polymers was directly observed.
Selective oxidation conversion of methanol/dimethyl ether
Authors: Gao Xiujuan , Zhang Junfeng , Song Faen , Zhang Qingde , Han Yizhuo , Tan Yisheng
Published: March 2022

Synthesizing high value-added oxygenated chemicals through the oxidation process is a new and important research direction for high-quality conversion of methanol/DME.
Coordination polymers derived from alkali metal complexes of redox-active ligands
Authors: Bazyakina Natalia L. , Moskalev Mikhail V. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Makarov Valentin M. , Fedushkin Igor L.
Published: March 2022

Treatment solutions of (dpp-bian)M (dpp-bian = 1,2-bis[(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene; M = Li, Na, K) with 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bipy) affords coordination polymers [(dpp-bian)M(4,4′-bipy)m]n, (M = Li or K, m = 1; M = Na, m = 2).
Reaction kinetics of 1,4-cyclohexadienes with OH radicals: an experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Giri Binod Raj , V.-T. Mai Tam , Assali Mohamed , Nguyen Thi T.-D. , Nguyen Hieu T. , Szőri Milán , Huynh Lam K. , Fittschen Christa , Farooq Aamir
Published: March 2022

1,4-cyclohexadiene + OH reaction occurs via forming a complex, except for H-abstraction at vinylic site. Abstraction channels contribute significantly even at room temperature. An unusual negative-T dependence for abstraction at allylic site was observed.
Optimized hot electron injection from Cu nanoparticles to S-doped C3N4by the formed S–Cu bonds for an enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Gai Qixiao , Ren Shoutian , Zheng Xiaochun , Liu Wenjun , Dong Quanli
Published: March 2022

Doping S in C3N4provides anchoring sites for photo-deposited Cu nanoparticles, and the formed S–Cu bonds can improve the injection rate of hot electrons.
Gold nanostructures: synthesis, properties, and neurological applications
Authors: Zare Iman , Yaraki Mohammad Tavakkoli , Speranza Giorgio , Najafabadi Alireza Hassani , Shourangiz-Haghighi Alireza , Nik Amirala Bakhshian , Manshian Bella B. , Saraiva Cláudia , Soenen Stefaan J. , Kogan Marcelo J. , Lee Jee Woong , Apollo Nicholas V. , Bernardino Liliana , Araya Eyleen , Mayer Dirk , Mao Guangzhao , Hamblin Michael R.
Published: March 2022

Recent advances in nanotechnology are expected to increase our current understanding of neuroscience.
Foliar application of silica nanoparticles alleviates arsenic accumulation in rice grain: co-localization of silicon and arsenic in nodes
Authors: Pan Dandan , Huang Guoyong , Yi Jicai , Cui Jianghu , Liu Chuanping , Li Fangbai , Li Xiaomin
Published: March 2022

Co-localization of arsenic and silicon at the peripheral tissues and vascular system of rice nodes as revealed by LA-ICP-MS is crucial to understand the key mechanism regulated by foliar application of silica nanoparticles.
SARS-CoV-2 RNA abundance in wastewater as a function of distinct urban sewershed size
Authors: Holm Rochelle H. , Mukherjee Anish , Rai Jayesh P. , Yeager Ray A. , Talley Daymond , Rai Shesh N. , Bhatnagar Aruni , Smith Ted
Published: March 2022

SARS-CoV-2 community wastewater surveillance across a range of scales to establish optimal sampling strategies.
Femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy by multidimensional plasma grating
Authors: Hu Mengyun , Shi Shencheng , Yan Min , Wu E. , Zeng Heping
Published: March 2022

The multi-dimensional-plasma-grating-induced spectroscopy (MIBS) technique that uses a 2D plasma grating formed by the interaction of three filaments to ablate the sample can achieve better detection of trace elements in soil.
Dual quinoline-hybrid compounds with antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum parasites
Authors: da Silva Neto Geraldo José , Silva Leandro Rocha , de Omena Rafael Jorge Melo , Aguiar Anna Caroline Campos , Annunciato Yasmin , Rossetto Bárbara Santos , Gazarini Marcos Leoni , Heimfarth Luana , Quintans-Júnior Lucindo José , da Silva-Júnior Edeildo Ferreira , Meneghetti Mario Roberto
Published: March 2022

Although we have at our disposal relatively low-cost drugs that can be prescribed for the treatment of malaria, the prevalence of resistant strains of the causative parasite has required the development of new drugs.
Synthesis of bacteriochlorins bearing diverse β-substituents
Authors: Jing Haoyu , Wang Pengzhi , Chen Boyang , Jiang Jianbing , Vairaprakash Pothiappan , Liu Sijia , Rong Jie , Chen Chih-Yuan , Nalaoh Phattananawee , Lindsey Jonathan S.
Published: March 2022

Eleven bacteriochlorins have been prepared for surface attachment, bioconjugation, water-solubilization, vibrational studies, and elaboration into multichromophore arrays.
A novel water-soluble phthalocyanine-based organic molecule for the effective NIR triggered dual phototherapy of cancer
Authors: Li Lu , Yin Xianzhong , Chen Zeshao , Ma Shengtao , Zhao Xu , Xi Gaolei , Xu Tao , Jia Tao , Wang Yongpeng , Zhao Xiuhua
Published: March 2022

Herein, the NIR triggered difunctional phototherapy agent based on a single, versatile ionized copper phthalocyanine, Cu-1, was strategically synthesized to simultaneously integrate photothermal and photodynamic effects.
The chain-mail Co@C electrocatalyst accelerating one-step solid-phase redox for advanced Li–Se batteries
Authors: Dong Wen-Da , Li Chao-Fan , Li Hong-Yan , Wu Liang , Mohamed Hemdan S. H. , Hu Zhi-Yi , Chen Li-Hua , Li Yu , Su Bao-Lian
Published: March 2022

The chain-mail Co@C electrocatalyst in hierarchical porous carbon nanofibers was designed to accelerate solid-phase Li–Se electrochemistry and improve the anchoring effect of the carbon matrix.
Shape-controlled mesoporous melamine-formaldehyde polymers by solvent-assisted curing
Authors: Kang Inah , Yoon Young Rok , Lee Seul Ah , Kim Seong Jong , Kim Sang Youl
Published: March 2022

We report a new strategy, namely solvent-assisted curing, for developing a porous network into polymeric materials.
Plasmonic photoreactors-coated plastic tubing as combined-active-and-passive antimicrobial flow sterilizer
Authors: An Xingda , Cheng Ronghai , Liu Pinghua , Reinhard Björn M.
Published: March 2022

Plasmonic photoreactor nanocomposite coating provides both active and passive antibacterial properties to plastic surfaces.
A multifunctional carbon dot-based nanoplatform for bioimaging and quaternary ammonium salt/photothermal synergistic antibacterial therapy
Authors: Chu Xiaohong , Zhang Pan , Liu Yihan , Sun Baohong , Huang Xinrong , Zhou Ninglin , Shen Jian , Meng Na
Published: March 2022

The emergence of drug resistance and superbugs poses a devastating threat to public health and can even lead to death.
Mesoporous NiO@ZnO nanofiber membranes via single-nozzle electrospinning for urine metabolism analysis of smokers
Authors: Lin Huaqing , Yang Chenjie , Yin Ming , Qiu Jingxuan , Wang Wenjun , Lu Jie , Xu Dongpo , Li Gang , Deng Chunhui
Published: March 2022

A simple and efficient single-nozzle electrospinning strategy using polystyrene (PS) spheres and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) to construct a mesoporous NiO@ZnO nanofiber membrane was developed, which was used for the urine metabolism analysis of smokers.
Regioselective fabrication of gold nanowires using open-space laminar flow for attomolar protein detection
Authors: Nishitani Yuki , Kasai Nahoko , Nakajima Hizuru , Kato Shungo , Mao Sifeng , Uchiyama Katsumi
Published: March 2022

We present an open-space laminar flow approach for fabricating a single gold nanowire at a precise position for protein detection at the attomolar level.
Chiral rhodium(iii)–azobenzene complexes as photoswitchable DNA molecular locks
Authors: Lin Mingwei , Zou Shanshan , Li Tingzhen , Karges Johannes , Chen Yu , Zhao Yukun , Ji Liangnian , Chao Hui
Published: March 2022

Two chiral rhodium(iii) complexes with an azobenzene moiety were developed to act as photoswitchable DNA molecular locks, which can photo-regulate DNA transcription in vitro.
Characterization of calcite spines of planktonic foraminifers (Globigerinidae)
Authors: Izumida Kenta , Takasaki Mihiro , Fujimaki Rina , Nagai Yukiko , Oaki Yuya , Naito Kimiyoshi , Tanaka Yoshihisa , Shimode Shinji , Toyofuku Takashi , Imai Hiroaki
Published: March 2022

Spines projecting from a trochospiral test of a spinose planktonic foraminifer are a single-crystal-like calcite that has a nanogranular texture containing microstrain and an organic envelope.
Lanthanide and transition metal complexes as molecular magnets
Authors: Chandrasekhar Vadapalli
Published: March 2022

Guest editor Vadapalli Chandrasekhar introduces the spotlight collection “Lanthanide and transition metal complexes as molecular magnets”.
A new method of synthesis of Sb2Se3/rGO as a high-rate and low-temperature anode for sodium–ion batteries
Authors: Hu Lulu , Pan Jun , Zhao Pei , Shi Gejun , Wang Baofeng , Huang Fuqiang
Published: March 2022

A new precipitation transformation method enables nanoscale and tight integration with rGO, synchronously allowing the fast transport of ions and electrons, which provides conditions for the development of low-temperature performance.
Biocompatible nanocarriers for passive transdermal delivery of insulin based on self-adjusting N-alkylamidated carboxymethyl cellulose polysaccharides
Authors: Cohen Yael , Cohen Guy , Tworowski Dmitry , Eretz-Kdosha Noy , Silberstein Eldad , Fallik Elazar , Poverenov Elena
Published: March 2022

In this work, we present biocompatible nanocarriers based on modified polysaccharides capable of transporting insulin macromolecules through human skin without any auxiliary techniques.
Biotechnological approach for improvement of Crambe species as valuable oilseed plants for industrial purposes
Authors: Pushkarova Nadia , Yemets Alla
Published: March 2022

The Crambe species has great potential for biofuel production and a wide range of possible applications. Biotechnological methods could become a useful tool for both underestimated and well-adapted Crambe species improvement.
First-principal investigations of electronic, structural, elastic and optical properties of the fluoroperovskite TlLF3 (L = Ca, Cd) compounds for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Sohail Mohammad , Husain Mudasser , Rahman Nasir , Althubeiti Khaled , Algethami Merfat , Khan Abid Ali , Iqbal Anwar , Ullah Asad , Khan Aurangzeb , Khan Rajwali
Published: March 2022

TDOS and PDOS of ternary TlLF3 (L = Ca, Cd) fluoroperovskites.
Three-component assembly of stabilized fluorescent isoindoles
Authors: Maslivetc Vladimir A. , La Clair James J. , Kornienko Alexander
Published: March 2022

The tandem addition of an amine and a thiol to an aromatic dialdehyde engages a selective three-component assembly of a stabilized fluorescent isoindole.
Mono- and sym-pentahalogenated corannulenes: reaction optimization & purification by in process product analysis
Authors: Xu Bokai , Guo Tianjian , Siegel Jay
Published: March 2022

A robust, mild & inexpensive synthetic route to mono-halogenated corannulene and a robust method for purifying and analyzing sym-pentachlorocorannulene from the ICl halogenation of corannulene is reported.
Recent advances in liquid biopsy technologies for cancer biomarker detection
Authors: Soda Narshone , Clack Kimberley , Shiddiky Muhammad J. A.
Published: March 2022

The current and emerging liquid biopsy methods for analysing three major circulating biomarkers namely ctDNA, CTCs and exosomes as well as biological and technical challenges associated with these methods have been reviewed.
Correction: Sodium doping for enhanced performance by highly efficient CsPbBr3 quantum dot-based electroluminescent light-emitting diodes
Authors: Huang Yi , Tang Pengfei , Zhang Wenxia , Yan Wensheng , Bin Liu  , Tang Xiaosheng , Wang Zhen , Peng Yue , Chen Weiwei
Published: March 2022

Correction for ‘Sodium doping for enhanced performance by highly efficient CsPbBr3 quantum dot-based electroluminescent light-emitting diodes’ by Yi Huang et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2022, DOI: 10.1039/d1tc05997a.