bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O SONHAR, O MAL SONHAR E O SONAMBULISMO NO HORIZONTE DA EXPERIÊNCIA DO DESAPARECIMENTO FORÇADO DE PESSOAS NO BRASIL
Authors: Endo Paulo Cesar
Published: July 2017

O presente artigo discute alguns efeitos sociais, políticos e psíquicos do desaparecimento forçado como efeito de estratégias utilizadas no período da ditadura militar brasileira. Tais estratégias, que se escoravam e se escoram na certeza da impunidade e na indiferença diante das vítimas e dos sobreviventes, se presentificam hoje no agravo do sofrimento dos familiares ainda vivos, preservado pela letargia do Estado brasileiro, após o fim do período ditatorial, diante dos deveres em cumprir as principais resoluções internacionais de direitos humanos, relativas ao combate ao desaparecimento forçado de pessoas. Reconhecemos na elaboração onírica traços, pistas e pegadas de experiências que teimam em persistir e que ainda buscam seu estatuto linguageiro e seu reconhecimento social 50 anos após o golpe civil-militar no país. Este artigo apresenta resultado parcial de uma pesquisa longa e em curso, que pretende indicar matizes interpretativas diante das experiências do sonhar, da impossibilidade de sonhar, do sonambulismo e da vigília perpétua diante de experiências liminares.
O PICTURAL, A FANTASIA E A MORTE: OBSERVAÇÕES SOBRE A MENININHA DOS FÓSFOROS DE ANDERSEN
Authors: Eggensperger Klaus
Published: July 2017

Destacando a importância do conceito de fantasia tanto para o movimento romântico como mais tarde para uma crítica literária freudiana, o artigo dedica-se a um dos contos mais populares de Hans Christian Andersen, A Menininha dos Fósforos. A fantasia está também no centro do enredo do conto, onde se desenrola uma sequência de imagens fantásticas. Andersen faz uso de uma linguagem fortemente pictórica para criar uma ilusão estética que combina a acusação social com um sentimentalismo amenizante, o que garante alta popularidade.
Recommendation on Design, Execution, and Reporting of Animal Atherosclerosis Studies: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Daugherty Alan , Tall Alan R. , Daemen Mat J.A.P. , Falk Erling , Fisher Edward A. , García-Cardeña Guillermo , Lusis Aldons J. , Owens A. Phillip , Rosenfeld Michael E. , Virmani Renu
Published: July 2017

Animal studies are a foundation for defining mechanisms of atherosclerosis and potential targets of drugs to prevent lesion development or reverse the disease. In the current literature, it is common to see contradictions of outcomes in animal studies from different research groups, leading to the paucity of extrapolations of experimental findings into understanding the human disease. The purpose of this statement is to provide guidelines for development and execution of experimental design and interpretation in animal studies. Recommendations include the following: (1) animal model selection, with commentary on the fidelity of mimicking facets of the human disease; (2) experimental design and its impact on the interpretation of data; and (3) standard methods to enhance accuracy of measurements and characterization of atherosclerotic lesions.
Femoral Artery Atherosclerosis Is Associated With Physical Function Across the Spectrum of the Ankle‐Brachial Index: The San Diego Population Study
Authors: Wassel Christina L. , Ellis Alicia M. , Suder Natalie C. , Barinas‐Mitchell Emma , Rifkin Dena E. , Forbang Nketi I. , Denenberg Julie O. , Marasco Antoinette M. , McQuaide Belinda J. , Jenny Nancy S. , Allison Matthew A. , Ix Joachim H. , Criqui Michael H.
Published: July 2017

Background

The ankle‐brachial index (ABI) is inadequate to detect early‐stage atherosclerotic disease, when interventions to prevent functional decline may be the most effective. We determined associations of femoral artery atherosclerosis with physical functioning, across the spectrum of the ABI, and within the normal ABI range.

Methods and Results

In 2007–2011, 1103 multiethnic men and women participated in the San Diego Population Study, and completed all components of the summary performance score. Using Doppler ultrasound, superficial and common femoral intima media thickness and plaques were ascertained. Logistic regression was used to assess associations of femoral atherosclerosis with the summary performance score and its individual components. Models were adjusted for demographics, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, lipids, and kidney function. In adjusted models, among participants with a normal‐range ABI (1.00–1.30), the highest tertile of superficial intima media thickness was associated with lower odds of a perfect summary performance score of 12 (odds ratio=0.56 [0.36, 0.87],
P
=0.009), and lower odds of a 4‐m walk score of 4 (0.34 [0.16, 0.73],
P
=0.006) and chair rise score of 4 (0.56 [0.34, 0.94],
P
=0.03). Plaque presence (0.53 [0.29, 0.99],
P
=0.04) and greater total plaque burden (0.61 [0.43, 0.87],
P
=0.006) were associated with worse 4‐m walk performance in the normal‐range ABI group. Higher superficial intima media thickness was associated with lower summary performance score in all individuals (
P
=0.02).

Conclusions

Findings suggest that use of femoral artery atherosclerosis measures may be effective in individuals with a normal‐range ABI, especially, for example, those with diabetes mellitus or a family history of peripheral artery disease, when detection can lead to earlier intervention to prevent functional declines and improve quality of life.
Recognized Obstructive Sleep Apnea is Associated With Improved In‐Hospital Outcomes After ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Mohananey Divyanshu , Villablanca Pedro A. , Gupta Tanush , Agrawal Sahil , Faulx Michael , Menon Venugopal , Kapadia Samir R. , Griffin Brian P. , Ellis Stephen G. , Desai Milind Y.
Published: July 2017

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea (
OSA
) is an independent risk factor for many cardiovascular conditions such as coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, systemic hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, and stroke. However, the association of
OSA
with outcomes in patients hospitalized for
ST
‐elevation myocardial infarction remains controversial.

Methods and Results

We used the nation‐wide inpatient sample between 2003 and 2011 to identify patients with a primary discharge diagnosis of
ST
‐elevation myocardial infarction and then used the International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification code 327.23 to identify a group of patients with
OSA
. The primary outcome of interest was in‐hospital mortality, and secondary outcomes were in‐hospital cardiac arrest, length of stay and hospital charges. Our cohort included 1 850 625 patients with
ST
‐elevation myocardial infarction, of which 1.3% (24 623) had documented
OSA
.
OSA
patients were younger and more likely to be male, smokers, and have chronic pulmonary disease, depression, hypertension, known history of coronary artery disease, dyslipidemia, obesity, and renal failure (
P
<0.001 for all). Patients with
OSA
had significantly decreased in‐hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 0.78 [95%
CI
, 0.73–0.84]), longer hospital stay (5.00±4.68 versus 4.85±5.96 days), and incurred greater hospital charges ($79 460.12±70 621.91 versus $62 889.91±69 124.15). There was no difference in incidence of in‐hospital cardiac arrest (adjusted odds ratio, 0.93 [95%
CI
, 0.84–1.03]) between these 2 groups.

Conclusion

ST
‐elevation myocardial infarction patients with recognized
OSA
had significantly decreased mortality compared with patients without
OSA
. Although patients with
OSA
had longer hospital stays and incurred greater hospital charges, there was no difference in incidence of in‐hospital cardiac arrest.
Welterleben/Weiterleben
Authors: Ette Ottmar
Published: July 2017

Welterleben and Weiterleben are what determine the second globalization (of four previously explored) whose constantly accelerating dynamic, vectorization, this essay explores. On the basis of selected writings of Georg Forster, Alexander von Humboldt, and Adelbert von Chamisso, the author highlights the increasing speed with which knowledge, especially in the experiential sciences, is produced and disseminated following the routes of ever-widening trade speeded along by globalization. The notion of ‘vectopia’ stands for the connection of utopia and uchronia in space and time in such a way that the experience of the world, expanded worldwide, contains within it a Weiter-Leben, a ‘living-further’ that is to be understood first in a spatial, and not yet temporal, sense, of what Forster called Erfahrungswissen, or ‘experiential knowledge.’ Vectopia, as elaborated here, has a material dimension that relates to the physical person, the body, the experience of the world that cannot occur without the constant changing of place, without a journeying that is again and again recommenced. Vectopia develops the projection of a life not from space or from time alone, but by their combination. Vectopia is more than a concept, it is a thought-figure: it is vitally connected to life, and thus a life-figure. It opens itself to a type of knowledge that stands almost at the threshold of a further life, indeed, of a Weiterleben that, opening itself to a ‘living-onward,’ resides beyond space, time, and movement.
Knowledge, Hybridity, and the King of the Crane-Heads
Authors: Stock Markus
Published: July 2017

This article discusses the fabulous crane-heads as they appear in medieval German narrative and pictorial art. The comparative analysis focuses on their literary depiction in Herzog Ernst B and Herzog Ernst G, as well as the crane-head painted onto a wall of the so-called ‘Kaiserpfalz’ in Forchheim in Oberfranken. The aim of this essay is to illustrate that the hybrid monstrosity of these fabulous creatures serves as a discursive node at which a number of transcultural concerns come to the fore. Thus, it attempts to show knowledge in motion, both on the level of the migration of narrative material and motifs and on the level of depictions of Otherness.
Taxonomy of 'Euconnus complex'. Part XIII. Status of Afrotropical subgenera of Euconnus: Cephaloconnus, Cerviconnus, Ursoconnus and Nodoconnus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: July 2017

Status of four Afrotropical subgenera of Euconnus Thomson is clarified. Examination of the type species of Cephaloconnus Franz, Cerviconnus Franz, Ursoconnus Franz and Nodoconnus Franz led to the following conclusions: i) Cephaloconnus and Cerviconnus are placed as junior synonyms of Napochus Thomson; ii) Ursoconnus is placed as a junior synonym of Euconophron Reitter; iii) Nodoconnus is maintained as a valid name and a subgenus of Euconnus. An emended diagnosis and redescription of Nodoconnus is given, and the lectotype is designated for its type species, Euconnus gomyanus Franz.
Evaluating Climate Models with an African Lens
Authors: James Rachel , Washington Richard , Abiodun Babatunde , Kay Gillian , Mutemi Joseph , Pokam Wilfried , Hart Neil , Artan Guleid , Senior Cath
Published: July 2017

Climate models are becoming evermore complex and increasingly relied upon to inform climate change adaptation. Yet progress in model development is lagging behind in many of the regions that need the information most, including in Africa. Targeted model development for Africa is crucial and so too is targeted model evaluation. Assessment of model performance in specific regions often follows a “validation” approach, focusing on mean biases, but if models are to be improved, it is important to understand how they simulate regional climate dynamics: to move from validation to process-based evaluation. This evaluation may be different for every region and requires local weather and climate expertise: a “one size fits all” approach could overlook important, region-specific phenomena. So which are the important processes in African regions? And how might they be evaluated? This paper addresses these questions, drawing on the expertise of a team of scientists from Central, East, southern, and West Africa. For each region, the current understanding of climate models is reviewed, and an example of targeted evaluation is provided, including analysis of moist circulations, teleconnections, and modes of variability. A pan-African perspective is also considered, to examine processes operating between regions. The analysis is based on the Met Office Unified Model, but it uses diagnostics that might be applied to other models. These examples are intended to prompt further discussion among climate modelers and African scientists about how to best evaluate models with an African lens, and promote the development of a model evaluation hub for Africa, to fast track understanding of model behavior for this important continent.
The Possible Role of Density Current Dynamics in the Generation of Low-Level Vertical Vorticity in Supercells
Authors: Houston Adam L.
Published: July 2017

A physical mechanism based on density current dynamics is proposed to explain the generation of low-level vertical vorticity in supercells. This mechanism may serve as one explanation for the associative relationship between environmental low-level vertical shear and the occurrence of significant tornadoes. The mechanism proposed herein represents an indirect connection to the generation of strong surface-based rotation: the barotropic horizontal vorticity associated with the vertical shear acts to amplify existing rotation but does not directly contribute to surface rotation. The proposed mechanism couples the likelihood of a tornado to the vertical shear through the pattern of vertical motion induced through interaction of a deformed gust front and the environmental vertical shear.

Results from the experiments conducted to test the veracity of the proposed mechanism illustrate that inferred patterns of tilting and vortex line orientation are consistent with the generation of positive vertical vorticity near the axis of the existing mesocyclone and negative vertical vorticity along the rear-flank gust front. Moreover, inferred tilting is found to scale with the magnitude of the environmental vertical shear, consistent with the climatologies that motivate this work. Experiments also reveal that the proposed mechanism is capable of relating boundary deformation, mesocyclone strength, and hodograph shape to the ultimate likelihood of tornadogenesis.
Evaluating Model Simulations of Twentieth-Century Sea Level Rise. Part I: Global Mean Sea Level Change
Authors: Slangen Aimée B. A. , Meyssignac Benoit , Agosta Cecile , Champollion Nicolas , Church John A. , Fettweis Xavier , Ligtenberg Stefan R. M. , Marzeion Ben , Melet Angelique , Palmer Matthew D. , Richter Kristin , Roberts Christopher D. , Spada Giorgio
Published: July 2017

Sea level change is one of the major consequences of climate change and is projected to affect coastal communities around the world. Here, global mean sea level (GMSL) change estimated by 12 climate models from phase 5 of the World Climate Research Programme’s Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) is compared to observational estimates for the period 1900–2015. Observed and simulated individual contributions to GMSL change (thermal expansion, glacier mass change, ice sheet mass change, landwater storage change) are analyzed and compared to observed GMSL change over the period 1900–2007 using tide gauge reconstructions, and over the period 1993–2015 using satellite altimetry estimates. The model-simulated contributions explain 50% ± 30% (uncertainties 1.65 σ unless indicated otherwise) of the mean observed change from 1901–20 to 1988–2007. Based on attributable biases between observations and models, a number of corrections are proposed, which result in an improved explanation of 75% ± 38% of the observed change. For the satellite era (from 1993–97 to 2011–15) an improved budget closure of 102% ± 33% is found (105% ± 35% when including the proposed bias corrections). Simulated decadal trends increase over the twentieth century, both in the thermal expansion and the combined mass contributions (glaciers, ice sheets, and landwater storage). The mass components explain the majority of sea level rise over the twentieth century, but the thermal expansion has increasingly contributed to sea level rise, starting from 1910 onward and in 2015 accounting for 46% of the total simulated sea level change.
Evaluating Seasonal Orographic Precipitation in the Interior Western United States Using Gauge Data, Gridded Precipitation Estimates, and a Regional Climate Simulation
Authors: Jing Xiaoqin , Geerts Bart , Wang Yonggang , Liu Changhai
Published: July 2017

There are several high-resolution (1–12 km) gridded precipitation datasets covering the interior western United States. This study cross validates seasonal orographic precipitation estimates from the Snowpack Telemetry (SNOTEL) network; the national hourly multisensor precipitation analysis Stage IV dataset (NCEP IV); four gauge-driven gridded datasets; and a 10-yr, 4-km, convection-permitting Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model simulation. The NCEP IV dataset, which uses the NEXRAD network and precipitation gauges, is challenged in this region because of blockage and lack of low-level radar coverage in complex terrain. The gauge-driven gridded datasets, which statistically interpolate gauge measurements over complex terrain to better estimate orographic precipitation, are challenged by the highly heterogeneous, weather-dependent nature of precipitation in complex terrain at scales finer than can be resolved by the gauge network, such as the SNOTEL network. Gauge-driven gridded precipitation estimates disagree in areas where SNOTEL gauges are sparse, especially at higher elevations. The WRF simulation captures wintertime orographic precipitation distribution and amount well, and biases over specific mountain ranges are identical to those in an independent WRF simulation, suggesting that these biases are at least partly due to errors in the snowfall measurements or the gridding of these measurements. The substantial disagreement between WRF and the gridded datasets over some mountains may motivate reevaluation of some gauge records and installation of new SNOTEL gauges in regions marked by large discrepancies between modeled and gauge-driven precipitation estimates.
The Dominant Modes of Recycled Monsoon Rainfall over India
Authors: Sujith K. , Saha Subodh Kumar , Pokhrel Samir , Hazra Anupam , Chaudhari Hemantkumar S.
Published: July 2017

This study estimates the seasonal mean (June–September) recycled rainfall and investigates its dominant modes of variability over the continental regions of the Indian summer monsoon. A diagnostic method based on the basic atmospheric water vapor budget equation is employed in order to partition the observed rainfall into recycled and advected components. The global teleconnections with the recycled (advected) rainfall are found to be weak (strong), which is consistent with the basic assumptions of the sources of atmospheric water vapor. It is shown that the mean recycled rainfall over the Indo-Gangetic Plain, central India, and western Himalayas ranges between 10% and 40% of the total rainfall. While EOF1 (38.5%) of the recycled rainfall reveals covariability between the regional and external influences, EOF2 (14%) shows a mode independent to the external influences (i.e., advected rainfall), prevailing over the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Furthermore, a strong decreasing trend in PC2 over the last 36 years suggests a change in the local feedback (land, atmosphere), which in turn may have also contributed to the decreasing trend in the observed monsoon rainfall over central and northern India.
Large-Scale Structure in Wind Forcing over the California Current System in Summer
Authors: Fewings Melanie R.
Published: July 2017

The wind that drives oceanic eastern boundary upwelling systems is highly variable. In many locations, the standard deviation of wind velocity on time scales of days to weeks is larger than the mean. In the ~1600-km-long California Current System (CCS), the spatial decorrelation scale of the wind fluctuations is ~400–800 km, suggesting wind fluctuations in the north and south ends of the system are not related. Yet, there is also the suggestion in the literature of a larger-scale structure in the fluctuations. Here, empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of buoy and satellite wind velocities confirms the existence of that structure. This analysis covers a larger spatial domain than previous EOF studies in the CCS and, to allow for propagation of the wind fluctuations, includes an approach for calculating Hilbert EOFs from time series with gaps. The large-scale structure in the wind fluctuations is a quasi-dipole pattern spanning the coastline from Washington through California. It accounts for ~60% of the wind velocity variance on time scales of days to weeks. The time-mean wind velocity, showing a continuous zone of intensified wind along the coast, is deceptive. When the northern half of the CCS is in a relaxation state, the southern half often experiences intensified winds, and vice versa. There should be a resulting out-of-phase structure in oceanic upwelling. The out-of-phase wind fluctuations in the north and south parts of the CCS may affect the forcing of oceanic coastal-trapped waves, mesoscale eddy generation at capes, and offshore export of carbon.
Occupational therapists’ awareness of guidelines for assessment and diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder
Authors: Karkling Morgan , Paul Alissa , Zwicker Jill G.
Published: July 2017

Background.

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a motor skills disorder that can have negative lifelong psychosocial impacts if not diagnosed. Occupational therapists have a role in facilitating a diagnosis for children with DCD through assessment.

Purpose.

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of understanding of current DCD guidelines for assessment and diagnosis among occupational therapists working in paediatric settings in British Columbia, Canada.

Method.

An online survey was e-mailed to occupational therapists who consented to be contacted for research purposes; 169 paediatric therapists responded. Data were reported using percentage, mean, and standard deviation of responses for each answer.

Findings.

Although many occupational therapists are aware of DCD and the diagnostic criteria, most are unaware of current guidelines for assessment and diagnosis. Many are using cutoff scores inconsistent with current recommendations and thus may not be facilitating a diagnosis when one may be appropriate.

Implications.

Occupational therapists may benefit from targeted education regarding DCD assessment and diagnosis.
Falls prevention interventions for older adults with low vision: A scoping review
Authors: Blaylock Sarah E. , Vogtle Laura K.
Published: July 2017

Background.

Older adults with low vision are especially vulnerable to falls. There are no comprehensive reviews of fall prevention interventions for older adults with vision loss who live in the community.

Purpose.

The aim of this study was to review the evidence regarding community-based falls prevention interventions that appear inclusive of and/or accessible to individuals with low vision.

Method.

A scoping review was completed using the framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley, and the charted data were analyzed using sums and percentages and qualitative content analysis.

Findings.

Seventeen publications were selected for this review. The analysis allowed for a thorough description of the types of falls prevention interventions (multiple components, home safety/modification, tai chi, the Alexander Technique, improvement of vision through vision assessment and referral, vision/agility training, and yoga), how each intervention addresses vision impairment, and the relation of results to falls risk.

Implications.

Falls prevention research targeting individuals with visual impairment is limited, and the intervention approaches available may not be effective for older adults with permanent vision loss.
Philip Melanchthon’s Early Theology of Preaching: Theologizing the Word of God in His Apology of the Augsburg Confession (1531)
Authors: Simuț Corneliu C.
Published: July 2017

This paper focuses on how Philip Melanchthon organized his theology of preaching in the Apology of the Augsburg Confession, the very first defense of the early church reformers’ approach to doctrine against formal papal criticism as drafted in the Confutation of the Augsburg Confession by Johann Eck, who had been commissioned by emperor Charles V to provide a papal romanist refutation of the reformist Augsburg Confession. The article is going to demonstrate that Melanchthon’s theology of preaching insists on the proclamation of God’s Word as Christ, Gospel, and repentance, an indication that his homiletical theory encompasses key dogmas like christology, revelation, and soteriology, all fundamental tenets which not only define the core of Protestant theology and practice but also provide listeners with the possibility of a changed life experience based on Christ’s work as savior. The main contribution of this paper resides in the fact that on the one hand, it attempts to clarify Melanchthon’s theological position not as a Protestant writing against Catholics but rather as reformist challenging his papal peers within the Catholic church, while on the other hand, it identifies various aspects of his early thought as presented in the Apology—Christ, Gospel, repentance—and places them together systematically into a building block which constitutes his early theology of preaching as dogmatically founded on as well as anchored in christology, revelation, and soteriology.
From Gaullism to Anti-Gaullism: Denis Saurat and the French Cultural Institute in Wartime London
Authors: Faucher Charlotte
Published: July 2017

This article explores the case of the French cultural institute in London which found itself at the nexus of Gaullist as well as anti-Gaullist networks during the Second World War. By analysing the support that the institute’s director, Denis Saurat, brought to Charles de Gaulle in the early days of Free France, the article contributes to our understanding of the formation of Free French political thought. This study analyses Saurat’s shifting position in the movement, from being Gaullist to becoming an active partisan of anti-Gaullism. The examination of Saurat’s networks and politics helps to re-appraise further trends of anti-Gaullism caused by leftist views not least regarding the lack of democratic principles that characterized Free France in 1940–2. Finally, Saurat’s anti-Gaullism was also prompted by his refusal to put the French cultural institute in London at the service of de Gaulle and support Free French propagandist, cultural and academic ambitions in the world. Overall this article argues for a reassessment of London-based leftist anti-Gaullism understood not just through issues of personalities and democracy but also through the prism of cultural diplomacy and propaganda.
Resilience to Discrimination Among Indigenous Sami and Non-Sami Populations in Norway: The SAMINOR2 Study
Authors: Friborg Oddgeir , Sørlie Tore , Hansen Ketil L.
Published: July 2017

Discrimination is generally negative for mental health and well-being; however, few studies have examined protective effects of resilience factors, especially among minority indigenous people. Here, we validated a short version of the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) and examined its protective effects against discrimination among Norwegian indigenous Sami and non-Sami populations. Data come from a large population-based survey of health and living conditions in multiethnic areas among indigenous Sami and non-Sami population (the SAMINOR2 study). The information was collected in 2012 from 11,600 participants (18-69 years old). The main outcome measures were mental health (or distress) as measured with the Hopkins Symptom Check List (HSCL-10) and well-being as measured with the WHO-5 index by the World Health Organization. A 10-item short version of the original RSA (33 items) showed good model fit in all ethnic strata as well as factorial invariance, thus indicating cross-cultural validity. Being exposed to discrimination in general was more negative for the main outcome measures than exposure to ethnic discrimination alone; however, high scores on the RSA-10 almost canceled this negative effect completely. Minority participants with a strong Sami identity ( N = 1,270) were least negatively influenced by discrimination, whereas majority ethnic Norwegians ( N = 5,233) were most negatively affected. The strong Sami subgroup, thus, showed a remarkable resilience despite considerable exposure to discrimination. Members of this group were synergetically protected by individual ( personal strength) and family ( cohesion) resilience factors.
IRF6 and SPRY4 Signaling Interact in Periderm Development
Authors: Kousa Y.A. , Roushangar R. , Patel N. , Walter A. , Marangoni P. , Krumlauf R. , Klein O.D. , Schutte B.C.
Published: July 2017

Rare mutations in IRF6 and GRHL3 cause Van der Woude syndrome, an autosomal dominant orofacial clefting disorder. Common variants in IRF6 and GRHL3 also contribute risk for isolated orofacial clefting. Similarly, variants within genes that encode receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling components, including members of the FGF pathway, EPHA3 and SPRY2, also contribute risk for isolated orofacial clefting. In the mouse, loss of Irf6 or perturbation of Fgf signaling leads to abnormal oral epithelial adhesions and cleft palate. Oral adhesions can result from a disruption of periderm formation. Here, we find that IRF6 and SPRY4 signaling interact in periderm function. We crossed Irf6 heterozygous ( Irf6+/–) mice with transgenic mice that express Spry4 in the basal epithelial layer ( TgKRT14::Spry4). While embryos with either of these mutations can have abnormal oral adhesions, using a new quantitative assay, we observed a nonadditive effect of abnormal oral epithelial adhesions in the most severely affected double mutant embryos ( Irf6+/–;TgKRT14::Spry4). At the molecular level, the sites of abnormal oral adhesions maintained periderm-like cells that express keratin 6, but we observed abnormal expression of GRHL3. Together, these data suggest that Irf6 and RTK signaling interact in regulating periderm differentiation and function, as well as provide a rationale to screen for epistatic interactions between variants in IRF6 and RTK signaling pathway genes in human orofacial clefting populations.
A Comprehensive Craniofacial Study of 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Lewyllie A. , Roosenboom J. , Indencleef K. , Claes P. , Swillen A. , Devriendt K. , Carels C. , Cadenas De Llano-Pérula M. , Willems G. , Hens G. , Verdonck A.
Published: July 2017

The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is one of the most frequent microdeletion syndromes and presents with a highly variable phenotype. In most affected individuals, specific but subtle facial features can be seen. In this observational study, we aim to investigate the craniofacial and dental features of 20 children with a confirmed diagnosis of 22q11.2DS by analyzing 3-dimensional (3D) facial surface scans, 2-dimensional (2D) clinical photographs, panoramic and cephalometric radiographs, and dental casts. The 3D facial scans were compared to scans of a healthy control group and analyzed using a spatially dense geometric morphometric approach. Cephalometric radiographs were digitally traced, and measurements were compared to existing standards. Occlusal and dental features were studied on dental casts and panoramic radiographs. Interestingly, a general trend of facial hypoplasia in the lower part of the face could be evidenced with the 3D facial analysis in children with 22q11.2DS compared to controls. Cephalometric analysis confirmed a dorsal position of the mandible to the maxilla in 2D and showed an enlarged cranial base angle. Measurements for occlusion did not differ significantly from standards. Despite individual variability, we observed a retruded lower part of the face as a common feature, and we also found a significantly higher prevalence of tooth agenesis in our cohort of 20 children with 22q11.2DS (20%). Furthermore, 3D facial surface scanning proved to be an important noninvasive, diagnostic tool to investigate external features and the underlying skeletal pattern.
New Resins for Dental Composites
Authors: Fugolin A.P.P. , Pfeifer C.S.
Published: July 2017

Restorative composites have evolved significantly since they were first introduced in the early 1960s, with most of the development concentrating on the filler technology. This has led to improved mechanical properties, notably wear resistance, and has expanded the use of composites to larger posterior restorations. On the organic matrix side, concerns over the polymerization stress and the potential damage to the bonded interface have dominated research in the past 20 y, with many “low-shrinkage” composites being launched commercially. The lack of clinical correlation between the use of these materials and improved restoration outcomes has shifted the focus more recently to improving materials’ resistance to degradation in the oral environment, caused by aqueous solvents and salivary enzymes, as well as biofilm development. Antimicrobial and ester-free monomers have been developed in the recent past, and evidence is mounting for their potential benefit. This article reviews literature on the newest materials currently on the market and provides an outlook for the future developments needed to improve restoration longevity past the average 10 y.
A Reading Model from the Perspective of Japanese Orthography: Connectionist Approach to the Hypothesis of Granularity and Transparency
Authors: Ijuin Mutsuo , Wydell Taeko N.
Published: July 2017

This study presents a computer simulation model of reading in Japanese syllabic kana and morphographic kanji. The model was based on the simulation model developed by Harm and Seidenberg for reading in English. The purpose of building the current model was to verify the validity of the hypothesis of granularity and transparency (HGT) postulated by Wydell and Butterworth, focusing on the granularity dimension. The HGT was developed in order to explain the behavioral dissociation between excellent reading skills in Japanese and poor reading skills in English of an English–Japanese bilingual individual as well as the relatively low incidence of developmental dyslexia in Japan. The current model was successful in simulating the granularity dimension of the HGT. The study also identified several limitations, which need to be addressed in future research.
Promoting Literacy With Self-Created Grocery Lists on Mobile Devices
Authors: Douglas Karen H. , Uphold Nicole M. , Steffen Shannon , Kroesch Allison M.
Published: July 2017

Four middle school students with a developmental disability participated in a multiple probe design across students and replicated across conditions study to evaluate the effectiveness of constant time delay to teach them to create a grocery list on an iPad or iPod touch. The classroom teacher collected data on the percentage of items independently added to their electronic list and generalization measures to longer lists with novel items and using a different device. In addition, she administered a pre- and posttest on reading the list of items. Students learned to create their grocery list in seven to 16 sessions while generalization data varied. Reading scores increased from 45% to 56% points. Students expressed their device preference at the end of the study.
A Demonstration Model of Interagency Collaboration for Students With Disabilities: A Multilevel Approach
Authors: Flowers Claudia , Test David W. , Povenmire-Kirk Tiana C. , Diegelmann Karen M. , Bunch-Crump Kimberly R. , Kemp-Inman Amy , Goodnight Crystalyn I.
Published: July 2017

Communicating Interagency Relationships and Collaborative Linkages for Exceptional Students (CIRCLES) is a transition-planning service delivery model designed to guide schools in implementing interagency collaboration. This study examined the impact of CIRCLES on students’ self-determination and participation in individualized education program (IEP) meetings. Forty-four schools located in the Southeast United States were assigned randomly into either the CIRCLES or business-as-usual (BAU) conditions, and 877 high school students with disabilities were included in the analyses. Two-level hierarchical linear models, with students at Level 1 and schools at Level 2, examined the effectiveness of CIRCLES. Results indicated students in the CIRCLES condition had higher levels of self-determination (Hedges’s g = .06–.38) and greater IEP participation (Hedges’s g = .77). Implications for practice and suggestions for future research are provided.
Effect of a 12-Week Physical Activity Program on Gross Motor Skills in Children
Authors: Burns Ryan D. , Fu You , Fang Yi , Hannon James C. , Brusseau Timothy A.
Published: July 2017

This study examined the effects of a 12-week Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program (CSPAP) on gross motor skill development in children from low-income families. Participants were 1,460 school-aged children (mean age = 8.4 ± 1.8 years; 730 girls, 730 boys) recruited from three schools receiving U.S. governmental financial assistance. Students were recruited from grades K−6. CSPAP was implemented over one semester during the 2014−2015 school year. Select gross motor skill items were assessed during each student’s physical education class at baseline and at a 12-week follow-up using the Test for Gross Motor Development-2nd Edition (TGMD-2). Each student’s TGMD-2 score was converted to a percentage of the total possible score. A 7 × 2 × 2 analysis of variance test with repeated measures was employed to examine the effects of age, sex, and time on TGMD-2 percent scores, adjusting for clustering within the data structure. There were greater TGMD-2 percent scores at follow-up compared with baseline (82.4% vs. 72.6%, mean difference = 9.8%, p < .001, Cohen’s d = 0.67), and greater improvements were seen in younger children compared with older children (mean difference of change = 4.0%−7.5%, p < .01, Cohen’s d = 0.30−0.55).
Acute Effects of Moderate Alcohol Consumption on Postural Stability in Older Adults
Authors: Wu Helen Z. , Barry Lisa C. , Duan Yinghui , Bohannon Richard W. , Covault Jonathan M. , Grady James J.
Published: July 2017

This study involved healthy community-living older adults in an investigation of the association between moderate alcohol consumption (AC) and acute changes in postural stability and whether the association differed according to pre-AC balance skills. Thirty-nine moderate drinkers aged ≥ 65 years (62% women; mean age: 73.9 ± 6.1 years) consumed a moderate dose of alcohol (0.4 g/kg; administered as two drinks). Breath alcohol concentration and postural stability were measured at five time points (pre-AC and 40, 80, 120, and 160 minutes post-AC) using unipedal stance time (UPST) and center of pressure (CoP) displacement. Pre-AC UPST was used to categorize participants into good-balance (≥30 seconds) and poor-balance (<30 seconds) groups. Peak breath alcohol concentration was 30 mg/dL at 40 minutes post-AC. For all participants, postural stability declined significantly at 80 minutes post-AC (UPST, p = .005; anterior–posterior CoP displacement, p = .029). While the poor-balance group did not show a significant decrease in UPST duration over the course of the study, the good-balance group experienced significant decline at 80 minutes compared with baseline ( p < .001) and remained above the 30-second UPST cutoff. Both groups experienced similar worsening in anterior–posterior CoP displacement at 80 minutes post-AC. Thus, moderate AC was associated with acute decline in postural stability in older adults. The worsened anterior–posterior CoP displacement post-AC in the poor-balance group was of particular concern because these participants were already at lower balance functioning pre-AC. Larger, more representative studies of varying groups of participants are needed to further explore how this change relates to fall incidents and fall risk.
L’hétéronomie chez les Inuit du Nord canadien. « Des pouvoirs qu’on ne connaît pas »1
Authors: Laugrand Frédéric
Published: July 2017

From oral sources collected in the contemporary period, this article re-examines several major categories of Inuit thought, taking into account their transformation following Christianization. In the 20th century, the Inuit have changed many of their practices, whereas at another level – that of schemes – the idea of a heteronomous order has remained more stable. In both contexts of shamanism and Christianity, powers circulate through mediators. The modern idea of being able to produce its own laws, to base society on the full autonomy of actors without ever taking into account the great spiritual forces of the universe, has never been accepted. The Inuit still consider that they belong to a world that is both unstable and relational, where other beings, such as animals, deceased and spirits or non-human beings, interact, so that humans cannot change the course of events alone. Two questions arise: to what extent has Christianity affected heteronomy and increased the mysterious part of Inuit animism? Can Sila, an encompassing spiritual force, be conceived as an ‘Inuit mana’?
Secularization, religious plurality and position: Local inter-religious cooperation in contemporary Sweden
Authors: Nordin Magdalena
Published: July 2017

Swedish society is characterized by secularization, and at the same time, as a result of migration, the country has become more pluralistic. An important consequence of this is the increasing possibilities for cooperation between different religious communities, and a variety of inter-religious cooperation are currently taking place in Sweden. The aim of the article is to show how inter-religious cooperation arises and is maintained at a local level in Sweden today, but also to highlight what the hurdles are. The article is based on interviews with people who in different ways were involved, or had chosen not to be involved, in inter-religious cooperation at a local level in Sweden. It is also based on participation in five local inter-religious groups during 2010 and 2011. The study shows that inter-religious cooperation at local level in Sweden is largely influenced by differences in conditions between religious communities. These differences mainly derive from the positions the religious communities have in society, i.e. there is a strong power imbalance between the religious communities that is clearly reflected in the inter-religious cooperation.
Enhancing pressure comfort of a bra’s under-band
Authors: Liu Chi , Miao Feng-Xiang , Dong Xiao-Ying , Xu Bugao
Published: July 2017

The under-band of a bra with line-shaped wings (“− −”) covers the underbust girth of a female body and determines the size of bra. The wearing pressure of an under-band has a direct impact on a bra’s comfort. In this article we used both subjective fit assessments and objective tension tests on bras of the same size and the same basic structure to explore the relationships between the structural parameters and the wearing pressures of under-bands, and to establish the equation for under-band length adjustment that enhances the pressure comfort and fit level. In the fit test, 100 bras of size 75B (US 34B)manufactured by one company were randomly selected, and classified by five professional models into five fit levels: tight, slightly tight, fit, slightly loose and loose. In the objective tests, the key structural parameters, i.e. the natural dimensions of under-band lengths and widths, of these samples were first measured, and then the tensions of the under-bands were tested on a tensile machine where the under-bands were stretched to the bras’ design size. Based on the bras’ equivalent pressure, the equation to predict the wearing pressure of the under-band was built on the structural parameters and the tension data. Using the “fit” bras identified in the fit test, a comfortable pressure range was established for bra comfortability assessment. Based on a comfortable pressure, the length of an under-band could be adjusted to keep its fit level as “fit” when the initial wearing pressure did not fall into the fit range.
Experimental study of the non-monotonous moisture effect on upward flame spread over cotton fabric
Authors: Gao Yunji , Zhu Guoqing , Zhu Hui , Xia Yu
Published: July 2017

The present paper studies the moisture effect on upward flame spread over cotton fabric by performing experiments using 0.245 mm thick, 180 cm tall and 10 cm wide sample sheets with moisture content ranging from 0% to 18%. As the moisture content increases, the flame height, pyrolysis height, burnout height, pyrolysis length and spread rate show the same trend, first increasing and then decreasing. The maximum value is observed in the case of the 2% moisture content samples. Furthermore, at an infinite length of fabric fuel, the upward flame propagation would reach an asymptotic steady state with constant pyrolysis length and spread rate. Finally, a higher moisture content corresponds to a lower flame temperature. For upward flame spread, the moisture content has the negative effects of increasing the thermal inertia parameters and reducing the flame temperature and heat feedback; simultaneously, the positive effect is that the moisture can enlarge the flame size and the effective preheating length. The combined effects of positive and negative effects result in the non-monotonous trend in the pyrolysis spread rate.
Production, characterization and application of nanotechnology-based vegetable multi-component theospheres in nonwovens: A women's intimate hygiene approach
Authors: Pohlmann Mariana , Paese Karina , Frank Luíza Abrahão , Guterres Silvia Stanisçuaski
Published: July 2017

The main objective of this work was to develop a nanotechnology-based component containing substances of vegetable origin, such as butters and essential oils, whose properties may help balance the vulvovaginal microbiota and be applied in nonwovens for feminine hygiene products. The high-pressure homogenization technique was used to obtain the aqueous dispersion of these nanoparticles containing tea tree oil, alpha-bisabolol, resveratrol, grape seed oil and citric acid, namely VM-Theospheres (theospheres are nanoparticles formed by Theobroma grandiflorum butter). The average particle size range was 274 ± 5 nm. The stability tests indicated that formulation status remained stable at room temperature for 28 days. In vitro analysis of skin penetration and irritation showed that the VM-Theospheres can be considered safe for use in feminine hygiene products. The production of an absorbent layer was performed by impregnation of VM-Theospheres in nonwovens. The results revealed that spraying was the most effective method, without the need to treat the samples first.
Using User-Generated Content to Explore the Temporal Heterogeneity in Tourist Mobility
Authors: Jin Cheng , Cheng Jianquan , Xu Jing
Published: July 2017

In tourism studies, new means of data collection are opening up opportunities for disclosing hidden mobility patterns. This paper aims to analyze and model the tourist flow networks for different lengths of trip on urban scale, using user generated content (UGC) data collated from an open tourism web service. The textual UGC data, with high spatial and temporal resolution, is utilized to construct three tourist flow networks in response to length of trips. Social network analysis and a revised spatial interaction model are deployed for exploring the temporal heterogeneity in the tourist movements. This empirical study from Nanjing City has further confirmed the power law of distance decay in intraurban tourist mobility. Furthermore, the research reveals temporal variations with length of trip. The paper highlights the role of time in the tourism study through incorporating a temporal dimension into the analyses and taking advantage of the availability of new data.