bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical education teachers’ perceptions of professional socialization
Authors: Lee Hong-Min
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine factors affecting positive professional socialization of physical education (PE) teachers. The participants were one elementary and two middle school PE teachers. Data were collected through field notes during passive participant observations, two semi-structured formal interviews and informal interviews, and document analysis of autographical posters. Thematic analysis was employed to examine data. The triangulation of data and member checks were utilized to establish trustworthiness. Results showed that the three PE teachers strengthened their teaching perceptions during professional socialization. The following key themes were identified in the study: impact from physical education teacher education faculty, positive experiences in method courses, positive experiences in early field experiences and student teaching, and close supervision from classroom teachers and university supervisors. The findings of the study suggested that different socializing events played a significant role in shaping positive perspectives during early field experiences, physical education teacher education courses, and student teaching.
The influence of the sport education model on an adapted physical education teacher’s conceptions
Authors: Lee Hong-Min , Oh Jungil , Baek Seungyeop , Kim Young-Sik
Published: September 2022

Physical education teachers implement model-based instruction as their fundamental teaching framework to provide quality physical education (Metzler, 2005). Siedentop et al. (2004) indicated that the Sport Education curriculum model encourages students to become literate, competent, and enthusiastic players. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine the conceptions of a junior high school physical education teacher using the Sport Education curriculum model to teach students with disabilities during a swimming unit. Data were gathered from videotaping of physical education classes, sixteen informal and two formal interviews, lesson plans, and field notes. The results of the study found that the teacher perceived students to be more enthusiastic and interactive with their classmates when participating in the model. In addition, the physical education teacher spent more time preparing for his lessons and modified his teaching method. Team affiliation was the most challenging aspect of using the Sport Education model with the population.
Don’t judge me by my walking. An argument for inclusion
Authors: Shaw Aubrey , Kay Stoll Sharon
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we first make a case for why ethics, and specifically ethical education practices, are important to the study of sport disability.  Second, we argue for perspective taking and challenge the reader to reexamine federal and state laws directed toward disability policy.  Third, we ask the reader to address the question: does law build a caring environment?   The paper is rooted in three educational concepts:  ethics, perspectives, and care for people with physical disabilities.  Examples are offered of inclusionary practices in physical education and recreation.  Current research in disability sports studies focusing on ethics and ethical practice is highlighted.  The conclusion focuses on the importance of ethical communities.
Perceptions of students on college self-defense education
Authors: Chen Gong , Liu Liu
Published: September 2022

This research was designed to study perceptions of students on their self-defense education in university self-defense classes. Serial surveys were conducted in one university’s self-defense class to examine student perceptions on (a) mental self-defense from nine perspectives, (b) physical self-defense from nine perspectives, (c) overall experience of learning self-defense after one semester from eight perspectives, and (d) changes in self-confidence on personal self-defense ability and benefits of taking self-defense classes. The results indicated that college self-defense education benefits college students in terms of mental self-defense, physical self-defense, self-confidence, and safe lifestyle. The results of the study provided feedback from students on class content and effectiveness of teaching and learning based on hands-on experience at the conclusion of the course. Student perceptions can help self-defense instructors better understand the needs of students in self-defense education and improve self-defense curriculum and teaching effectiveness.
Injuries among first time participants in a Costa Rican high-intensity functional training facility - A pilot study
Authors: Escalante Guillermo , Gentry Christopher
Published: September 2022

Research examining injuries in high-intensity functional training (HIFT) programs is scarce, especially when prospectively exploring the injuries of those new to HIFT. The purpose of this prospective pilot study was to explore the injuries of first time HIFT program participants in a HIFT facility in Costa Rica.  Four males (30.23 ± 3.6 yrs) and 8 females (29.3 ± 8.7 yrs) filled out six weekly prospective injury surveys via qualtrics.com. All participants were new to HIFT as defined by having no previous HIFT experience and having become a member of the same HIFT training facility within the last 2 months. Injuries were defined as anything that hurt the participant more than muscle soreness within the last seven days. The survey also asked about the injury location as well as the severity, time lost from training/work, exercise performed when injured, instructor supervision during the injury, and history of a related injury. Furthermore, the survey included items related to the amount of hours and number of days spent doing HIFT over the last week. Participants reported doing HIFT workouts at an average 3.8 +/- 0.7 days per week for a total average of 3.3 +/- 0.3 hours per week. A total of two participants reported three injuries, yielding an injury prevalence of 16.7% and an estimated injury incidence of 11.6 per 1000 hours of HIFT. The most common injury reported was to the shoulder (66.7%) and the knee (33.3%). Additional prospective studies are warranted to determine the effects of injuries that occur among HIFT beginners.
Endothelium dependent vasodilation is not enhanced in healthy women with varying degrees of orthostatic intolerance
Authors: Brooks Alexa M. , Traustadóttir Tinna , Coast J. Richard , Jarvis Sara S.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine if the vasodilator capacity of the popliteal artery in women was augmented or the vasoconstrictor capacity in the lower extremity was attenuated in women with orthostatic intolerance. Orthostatic tolerance was assessed using a graded lower body negative pressure test and cumulative stress index (CSI). Popliteal artery diameter and velocity (Doppler ultrasound) was measured in 13 orthostatically tolerant and 7 orthostatically intolerant (OT: CSI range, -633 to -1875 mmHg; OI: CSI range, -80 to -552 mmHg·min; P = 0.015) women after 5 min of distal calf occlusion (FMD), 3 min of cold pressor test (CPT), and 5 min of distal calf occlusion combined with CPT (FMD+CPT).  Peak popliteal diameter, measured during FMD+CPT was not different from peak popliteal diameter during FMD. Popliteal FMD, normalized to the shear stimulus, was not different between OT and OI women or between FMD and FMD+CPT.  Despite similar vasoconstrictor responses to CPT, assessed by the reduction in peak popliteal artery conductance (OT: -11.0±15.6%; OI: -9.1±23.8%), the magnitude of change in peak popliteal conductance actually increased during FMD+CPT and was similar in OT vs. OI women (OT: 5.8±31.5%; OI: 47.2±60.1%). In conclusion, endothelium dependent vasodilation of the popliteal artery at rest is not enhanced in healthy women with varying degrees of orthostatic intolerance. The increase in popliteal vascular conductance during the combined stimulus (FMD+CPT) may suggest inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction via nitric oxide mediated vasodilation (or other dilators) and/or differential control of sympathetic activation in the arms and legs.
A comparison of body composition measurements in college students using three assessment devices
Authors: Mora Julio C. , Chen Zhaojing , Escalante Guillermo
Published: September 2022

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), and ultrasound (US) are commonly used to estimate body composition, but each method has limitations.  This study compared the body composition estimations of the three devices in college students.  Ten males (23.7 ± 1.9 years; 171.9 ± 6.7 cm; 81.8 ± 11.4 kg) and twenty females (23.1 ± 1.9 years; 161.8 ± 6.1 cm; 64.9 ± 15.3 kg) volunteered.  Pearson correlation coefficients between the devices were strong.  Body fat percentage estimations for the DXA, BIS, and US were 30.6 ± 9.2, 28.3 ± 9.1, and 22.8 ± 8.1 respectively.  The ANOVA revealed a difference in body composition between the devices and Tukey’s post hoc tests identified that there was a statistically significant difference between the BIS and the US and the US and DXA, but not between the BIS and DXA.  The level of agreement (LOA) was wide between the DXA and US (mean difference 7.8, LOA between 0.23 and 15.4) and between the BIS and US (mean difference 5.4, LOA between -3.4 and 14), but narrower between the BIS and DXA (mean difference 2.4, LOA between -4.2 to 9).  When comparing changes in body composition, it is best to utilize the same device to minimize the error in the reported differences in body composition.  Future studies should compare the body composition estimation from these devices to a more accurate multi-compartment model to help determine their accuracy in college students.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE LEARNING MODELS BASED ON 2013 CURRICULUM AT SMAN 5 JENEPONTO
Authors: Syahrir Sulastri
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to find out (1) the learning models implemented by English teachers and (2) how do the English teachers implemented of identified innovative learning models in teaching learning English at SMAN 5 Jeneponto. The subjects are 3 English teachers. The object of this research is implemented of five innovative learning models in teaching learning English. The instrument of this research is direct observation class to answer two objectives of this research.The findings of this research indicated that there were 3 innovative learning models implemented by English teachers, namely; Discovey learning, Problem-based learning, and Project-based learnin. The implementation of innovative learning models; (1) Discovey learning model, the steps are the teacher selection to the material, students to discovery and investigated of the problem, and self-analyzed the discovery data. (2) Problem-based learning, the teacher explained the material, students to find problem, students to presentation of the result, students provided reflection, and result of the investigation. (3) Project-based learning, the steps are students make a project related of material learning and solving of problem.
Current Energy Crisis of Pakistan: Status, Impact and Potential Solutions
Authors: Rehman Javeria A.
Published: September 2022

Energy plays an essential role in the development and economic growth of a country. A balanced energy sector leads to social development and political stability. An efficient use of available resources as well as harnessing of environmentally friendly new resources is imperative for sustainable energy development and economic stability. Alternative and clean energy resources are required to meet electricity demand and to fight against the adverse environmental problems.
This research is carried out to analyze the current energy scenario of Pakistan and to identify potential solutions. Pakistan has a vast potential of renewable energy that could be utilized to overcome the energy shortage. However, unfortunately, due to lack of proper energy policies and infrastructure, this vast potential remains underutilized. Discontinuity and reversal of various national energy policies has also compounded the problem.
In power sector, increased generation costs due to increased dependence on thermal generation and high line losses have resulted into increased tariffs for the consumers. This, in turn, has increased the circular debt in the energy sector. Disagreement between various provinces on construction of large dams as well as water distribution disputes with India, are key factors that have reduced the share of cheap hydropower in the national grid.
The establishment of a strong energy sector utilizing indigenous energy resources is must for a prosperous Pakistan as economic growth and energy availability are interlinked. Energy Intensity, Energy Diversity, Energy Import Dependence, and Energy Transportation determine energy security. The paper analyzes current energy crisis of Pakistan in the light of above mentioned energy security parameters and explores the potential of renewable energy resources as a worthwhile alternative to fossil fuels. The analysis is based on realistic data collected from various authentic sources.
Barriers to PPP Projects in Construction Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Qureshi Mahwish
Published: September 2022

Public Private Partnership (PPP) is a mechanism adopted to support the development in a country facing financial problems. In achieving successful PPP projects, one of the major criteria is attaining value for money. There are several barriers which can affect adoption of PPP which are essential to uncover for enhancing the adoption level of PPP. Hence, this project has focused on identifying barriers affecting PPP projects of Pakistan. Data collection for this study was done through  questionnaire  survey  among  the  personnel  involved  in  handling  PPP projects. From statistical analysis of collected data it was found that unhealthy bid competition, lack of managerial skills and experience and public sector related problems are major barriers in adoption of value for money in PPP projects of Pakistan.
Power Generation with the Help of Speed Breaker
Authors: Ahmed Saad , Riaz Hasnain , Bajwa Hamza
Published: September 2022

Energy drives the economy; thus, seeking progress takes a lot of energy. According to statistics, burning fossil fuels produces the most energy and pollutes our environment. This study aims to create an automotive-speed-breaker power generator that uses two activation strokes to operate. It transforms the transport drive and brings direct gestures of the rack gear into the revolution of the immobilized gear keyed on the shaft and generator. The machine is motivated by the compression and release of the springs, which raises the machine's output. A stable frame, a dome-shaped prime, a shaft, and flywheel mechanism, a cable and sprocket system, glides, springs, a flywheel, rods, a generator, and a profound series of the battery-operated brand up this device. Utilizing engineering principles, the style was completed considering cost, utility, simplicity of use, durability, and performance. It was created with a model rated at 100kg in mind and is intended to be motivated by vehicles weighing 1,600kg (400kg each wheel).
Requirements Elicitation Challenges and Strategies for GSD Based Projects
Authors: Iqbal Muahhamd A. , Shah Asadullah
Published: September 2022

The  geographically  distributed   software  development  has  attained   a  significant  attraction  in software  development industry  since last few decades due to its wide acceptance across the globe. The main essence of geographically distributed  software development is to expand  company working by follow-the-sun  strategy,  get  skilled  labors  at  cheaper   rates  from  low  economy  regions  of  world  and  pool-up  company resources  to raise their utilization  graph.  The requirements elicitation process is considered  as one of the most challenging tasks  during  software  development  process  in  traditional as  well as geographically distributed software development projects due to its social and collaborative  nature. This article presents a comprehensive insight about major challenges faced by requirements elicitation teams engaged in geographically distributed software development projects.  The article also elaborates the possible strategies, which can be adopted to minimize the negative impact of geological distribution of software development activities. The presented study will help the requirements elicitation teams to better plane their requirements elicitation sessions for geological distributed software development projects by encountering the expected hurdles.
Framework conceitual para organização e representação do conhecimento em saúde pessoal
Authors: Pottmaier Cassiana Mendonça , Todesco José Leomar , Vanzin Tarcísio
Published: September 2022

O objetivo da dissertação foi propor um framework conceitual para organização e representação do conhecimento em saúde pessoal. Para isso, utilizou-se o método Design Science Research para desenvolver o artefato cujo processo de concepção envolveu a avaliação da adequação por especialistas da área da saúde e a demonstração por meio de uma instanciação do mesmo, um protótipo com base no Conecte SUS Cidadão. A principal contribuição da pesquisa foi o framework conceitual que reuniu e apresentou de maneira organizada e estruturada o conhecimento em saúde pessoal, feito com base na taxonomia desenvolvida. Também demonstrou-se a viabilidade de uso do Conecte SUS Cidadão como ferramenta nacional para gerenciamento de saúde pessoal.
MobAngelo: Assistência Emergencial em Ambientes urbanos
Authors: Cunha Lucas Braz , Hara Carmem Satie , Santos Aldri
Published: September 2022

O auxílio a pessoas em situações emergenciais de saúde antes do atendimento médico pode colaborar para sua sobrevivência, como por exemplo diante de uma parada respiratória onde o tempo de resposta torna-se fundamental. A fim de minimizar o tempo de espera até um atendimento, este artigo apresenta o sistema MobAngelo que conecta dispositivos móveis de pessoas próximas de acordo com seu conhecimento, de modo a auxiliar nos primeiros socorros até ocorrer o atendimento especializado. O MobAngelo atua em ambientes urbanos e esparsos, por meio da criação de redes temporárias, tal que o usuário tenha ciência de outros usuários próximos que necessitam de ajuda.
Study of Two-Phase Microchannel Heat Sink Fabricated by A.M. Technology for Energy Reuse in the Electronic Device
Authors: Chen Nan , Chen Yunshui , Zhao He
Published: September 2022

Data centers’ electricity energy consumption accounts for 1% of global electricity demand and 0.3% of all global CO2 emissions. Energy reuse as a core of a net zero carbon data center, as a macro goal benefiting to mankind, needs micro innovations from thermal engineers to reclaim the distributed and low-grade thermal energy from diversified electronic equipment. This article presents the attempt to combine the advantages of high-density heat transferring technology by two-phase microchannels and the agility of Additive Manufacturing (A.M.) technology into a heat sink by which thermal energy can be collected in premium quantity and quality. The heat sink prototype adopted the two-layer microchannel design by leveraging the unique capability of A.M. technology to form complicated spatial geometric features, such as the functional channel profiles with diverged cross-sections along the flow direction, intermittent channels, and curved channels. It was fabricated at one-time processing by AlSi10Mg powder SLS/SLM, had an exterior base area of 25 cm2, and interior micro-fins with a minimal thickness of 0.2 mm and fin pitch of 0.38 mm. A test rig had been built to validate the thermal dynamic and hydraulic performance of this microchannel heat exchanger working with HFE 7100 as the coolant. The heat flux under certain wall superheat and pressure drop catches the equivalent grade of microchannels made by conventional micro-cutting approaches on copper or aluminum. The maximum inlet coolant temperature could be elevated up to 60.0 °C with less than 90.0 °C CPU case temperature, which provides the feasibility of high-grade heat recovery. The test results present the promising prospects of this design and A.M. technology in the field of two-phase microchannel heat exchanging, by which the electronic devices in megawatt hyperscale data center can be changed from energy consumers to energy generators for the greenhouse, district heating, and hot water system.
Development and Evaluation of Stainless Steel-Base Flux-Cored Wires for 9% Nickel Steel
Authors: Park Tae-Uk , Jeong Young-Cheon , Im Hee-Dae , Choi Chang-hyun , Kil Woong
Published: September 2022

The demand for LNG fueled tank on ship is growing in accordance with the IMO 2020 regulation. The 9% nickel steel has been used for LNG storage tank because this material has higher tensile strength than the other materials in the IGF code. The nickel-based alloy type welding consumable has been applied on 9% nickel steel welding because of good toughness at cryogenic environment and high tensile property. However that welding consumable has disadvantages of high price and poor weldability. In this study, new stainless steel-based flux-cored wire is developed for 9% nickel steel and mechanical properties are satisfied Class requirement. Additionally, fatigue, FCGR and CTOD test had been carried out to verify structure design suitability.
A Study on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Coarse Grain Heat Affected Zone in EH40 Grade High Strength Structural Steels
Authors: Jeong Seonghoon , Hong Seunglae , Seo JunSeok , Son Ji-Hee , Joo Hyung Goun
Published: September 2022

In this paper, the effect of the electro gas arc welding (EGW) process with a heat input of 600 kJ/cm on the microstructural and mechanical characteristics was investigated for two types of EH40 high strength hull structural steels, containing Ti and Nb. The coarse grain heat affected zone (CGHAZ), with a peak temperature of 1450 °C, was simulated for both alloys using a material thermal cycle simulator. Tensile and Charpy impact toughness tests were performed to determine the mechanical properties of the CGHAZ, and microstructural analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Both alloys exhibited a significant loss of impact toughness because of the welding thermal cycle, causing the formation of a brittle phase and the growth of precipitates. The experimental results indicated that although the addition of Ti and Nb had several benefits on mechanical properties, this might be unsuitable for the EGW process owing to the resulting deterioration in impact toughness.
Determining the effect of Covid-19 disease on family physicians' social and daily activities in Kayseri/Türkiye
Authors: Afşin Ahmet , Isildak Esmagul , Mazicioglu Mumtaz
Published: September 2022

Objective: We aimed at determining the effects of Covid-19 disease on family physicians' (FPs) daily work and life. Methods: We searched for GPs who had Covid-19 by making inquiries in the Medical Chamber, Association of GPs in Kayseri, and local health authorities. Our study period covers the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic in Türkiye (March 11th, 2020 - March 11th, 2021). The descriptive characteristics, we looked into, were the use of preventive measures, location of family health centers, the transmission route of Covid-19, the symptoms they experienced, FP's general health status, and additionally details of isolation, diagnosis, and hospitalization procedures. Results: A total of 85 FPs (18.2% of all FPs in the Kayseri region) had Covid-19 in the first 12 months of the Covid-19 pandemic in Kayseri/Türkiye. FPs who gave consent to participate in our study made up 60.8% of Kayseri's FPs. Washing hands, keeping distance, using face masks, and frequent indoor ventilation were the most frequently used measures (>75%). More than 2/3 of FPs stuck to the preventive measures. The most frequent symptoms experienced by the FPs were muscle and joint pain, weakness, and fever (more than 1/5 of FPs, respectively 35.4%, 30.4%, 29.1%). The transmission sites were mostly Family Health Centers. Conclusion: About 1/6 of FPs were infected with Covid-19. Almost all of them were working in the urban area. The mean hospitalization stay was 7.7 days and in more than 50% the symptoms of fever and cough were detected. The disease transmission was the most prevalent at the workplace and the most common concern of FPs was the protection of their families.
Agricultural Development Around Protected Areas in Vietnam: Agroecology Perspective
Authors: Thi Trang Nhung Nguyen , Huu Cuong Tran , Van Phuong Nguyen , Dogot Thomas , Burny Philippe , Thi Minh Hop Ho , Lebailly Philippe
Published: September 2022

Agricultural development nearby protected areas is required to minimize negative impacts from uses of off-farm resources as well as improper activities on the ecosystem and ensure livelihood for local farming communities. This research aims at assessing agricultural management practices and outcomes toward agroecology of rice cultivation in the buffer zone of Xuan Thuy National Park. Data were gathered from ecosystem managers, communal authorities and 96 rice cultivators living in 14 villages adjacently to the park in 2017-2018. “Traffic light” approach developed by FAO was used as an analytical technique to evaluate and visualize the environmental sustainability of rice cultivation with three levels of desirable, acceptable and unsustainable. The assessment reveals that none of the environmental indicators achieved at sustainable including fertilizer management, soil fertility, pesticide management, biodiversity preservation, and water conservation. Therefore, agricultural development in this area is required to be scrutinized for improvements especially the overdependency on nitrogen fertilizers, improper application of pesticides, limited adoption of biodiversity-friendly practices as well as other environmentally-friendly practices. The research highlights the need of implementing agroecological approach and special regime for protected area buffer zone to strengthen environmental preservation.
Co-existing Tumors On Suprasellar Region : A Rare Case and Review of Literature
Authors: KÜÇÜKYILDIZ Halil Can , GÜNEŞ Giray , KOÇ Fatih , ÖZÜM Ünal
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The co-existence of primary intracranial tumors originating from different cell types is rare. While the association of meningioma and glioma is frequently reported in the literature, the number of cases with meningiomas and epidermoid cysts is relatively low. We report a unique case because the association of supra-sellar meningioma and the epidermoid cyst has not been reported before in the literature.

Case Presentation: A 50-year-old female presented to the clinic with a headache and progressive vision loss. In cranial Magnetic Resonance (MR) images, a T1A hypointense, T2A iso-hyper intense heterogenous contrasting suprasellar mass lesion was observed. The patient was operated on with a diagnosis of suprasellar meningioma. At the suprasellar region, a mass that macroscopic view and consistency compatible with epidermoid cyst ex-plored intraoperative incidentally. Two different pathological specimens were sent to pathology. The patient's pathology was reported as WHO 2021, Transitional type grade 1 Meningioma, and Epidermoid cyst content.

Conclusion: The number of cases with meningiomas and epidermoid cysts is very low in the literature. Despite advanced MR imaging techniques, cystic lesions can be overlooked in the diagnosis. The occurrence of two different histopathological types of tumors in the same localization can be explained by the local paracrine effects of the tumors.
Simulation-Based Reliability Analysis of Steel Girder Railway Bridges
Authors: Fatih Yilmaz Mehmet , Ozakgul Kadir , Ozden Caglayan Barlas
Published: September 2022

Bridges are an essential component of the transportation system and safety and sustainability of bridges are critical for the efficient operation thereof. Due to scarcity of resources, an economical way should be determined to design and maintain bridges and the transportation system in general. Reliability indexes are widely used in the analysis of these concepts within a semi-probabilistic approach. However, advances in computer technology allow implementing a fully-probabilistic approach. This study represents a simulation-based reliability analysis of steel girder bridges in the railway lines. Statistical parameters of the bridges are determined both analysing the existing body of knowledge available in the literature and conducting specimen tests. The Bayesian approach is used to update the statistical properties of the steel material. Basic Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is used to simulate the load and resistance of the bridge. The reliability of the bridges is determined according to their ultimate limit states and statistical load distribution. By using simulation, the consistency of the log-normal marginal distribution obtained is analysed herein.
Influence of the Aggregate Shape and Resistance to Fragmentation on Unbound Base Layer Resilient Modulus
Authors: Filotenkovas Vilius , Vaitkus Audrius
Published: September 2022

The performance of unbound base materials, exclusively of the upper base layers, besides compaction level and layer thickness, depends on unbound material type, aggregates shape, fine content and mechanical properties of aggregates. The response of the pavement structure to loading is expressed through stress and strain magnitudes, accumulation of which leads to layer permanent deformations. One of the key factors for designing unbound base layers is resilient modulus, which can be found from triaxial tests. The aim of the research is to analyse the effect of the aggregate particle shape, structure and the resistance to crushing properties on resilient modulus of the upper layers of the unbound base layers. The following properties have been determined during the tests: aggregate particle size distribution, particle shape and flakiness, percentage of crushed and broken particle surfaces, density, water absorption, resilient modulus under low stress level loading. According to the performed research with tested aggregate mixtures, it is assumed that most influence on resilient modulus is exerted by aggregate whole granular size distribution, water absorption and the largest aggregate particle surface angularity. Resilient modulus in the tested dolomite fraction mixtures differing from 32 mm to 56 mm showed any reasonable difference with mean nominal pressures being higher than 300 kPa.
Comprehensive Performances of Hybrid-Modified Asphalt Mixtures with Nano-ZnO and Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) Modifiers
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Shen Junan , Dai Zhen , Ling Tianqing , Li Xinsheng
Published: September 2022

An effort was made to improve the separation issue of styrene-butadiene-styrene modifiers in styrene-butadiene-styrene-modified asphalt binders and to further enhance their performance by adding nano-ZnO to the styrene-butadiene-styrene-modified asphalt binder to prepare compound modified binder. First, the optimum nano-ZnO dosage was determined based on conventional tests, i.e., penetration, ring and ball softening point, and ductility at a fixed styrene-butadiene-styrene dosage; then, dynamic shear rheometer, bending beam rheometer, and fluorescence microscopy tests were conducted to evaluate the properties of the nano-ZnO/styrene-butadiene-styrene hybrid-modified asphalt binders. Finally, the rutting test, trabecular bending test, submerged Marshall test, and the freeze-thaw splitting test was conducted to evaluate the properties of the asphalt mixtures produced with the hybrid-modified binders. The main results showed that: the optimum nano-ZnO dosage, which was 4% by weight to the asphalt binder, and an improvement of the separation issue of the styrene-butadiene-styrene, and the flexural tensile strength and the maximum bending tensile strain of the hybrid-modified asphalt mixtures increased by 13.4% and 16.4%, respectively. In addition, the residual stability and the tensile strength ratio also increased by 4.3% and 4.8%, respectively, compared to the styrene-butadiene-styrene-modified asphalt mixtures. In conclusion, nano-ZnO improves the low-temperature and water stability performances of the styrene-butadiene-styrene-modified asphalt mixture.
Some Previously Relevant Aspects of Academic Life: Venia Legendi and the Status of a Private Docent at the University of Latvia (1919–1944)
Authors: Baltiņš Māris
Published: September 2022

The article presents the results of the research on venia legendi (the right to deliver lectures at the university) and the status of private docent at the University of Latvia (UL) until 1944. The term «private docent» was used worldwide in the 18th century; it is still in use in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. In Latvia, it was introduced in the 1860s at the first higher education institution established in the current territory of Latvia – Riga Polytechnicum. The terms «private docent» and «venia legendi» were used in Latvia until the end of World War II. In the present study, the author explains how these terms were used at the UL during the interwar period and during World War II considering the empirical data obtained in the course of research of archival documents and library collections. The article provides an overview of the private docents working at the UL from 1919 to 1944 and their activities in this period.
Eugen Habermann (1884–1944) and Herbert Johanson (1884–1964) – from Studies at Riga Polytechnic Institute to the Top of Estonian Architecture
Authors: Hallas-Murula Karin
Published: September 2022

Graduates of Riga Polytechnic Institute Eugen Habermann (1884–1944) and Herbert Johanson (1884–1964) became the most active architects in Estonia in the 1920s and 1930s. E. Habermann was the City Planning Architect of Tallinn (1914–1923), at the same time, he headed the Construction Board of the Ministry of the Interior (1919–1923). H. Johanson led the project bureau of the City Architect of Tallinn (1924–1944). From 1935, he also ran the Tallinn Municipal Architecture Office. Both architects were the founders of the Estonian Association of Architects (1921) and its chairmen, E. Habermann – from 1921 to 1936 and H. Johanson – in the 1930s. The extensive list of projects of E. Habermann and H. Johanson consists of around 200 projects, including buildings of nearly all types. The article aims to characterize E. Habermann and H. Johanson as personalities based on the memories of their fellows, it also reflects on the main features and stylistic development of their architecture.
Life and Contribution of Electrical Engineering Specialist Nikolai Ozmidoff (1850–1938) to the Field of Engineering
Authors: Kovaļčuka Svetlana
Published: September 2022

The research covers the multi-faceted activities of Nikolai Ozmidoff (Николай Озмидов; 1850–1938), a specialist in electrical engineering, member of academic staff (1884–1918) of Riga Polytechnicum (RP) / Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI), professor (1906), in various positions – working on the railway in Switzerland and Germany, in geodesy, surveying, electrical engineering in Riga, as well as his pedagogical and scientific activities at RP / RPI and Ivanovo- Voznesensk Polytechnic Institute in Russia. Developing the article, the author used archival documents, scientific literature, and publications in the press.
Life of a Graduate of Riga Polytechnic Institute Rodrigo Slaviņš, an Engineer and Orienteer, and his Contribution to the Orienteering Sport
Authors: Lanka Ērika , Līcis Arno
Published: September 2022

The article reflects on the achievements of Rodrigo Slaviņš, a graduate of the Faculty of Chemistry (1963) of Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI), an engineer, the Officer of the Order of the Three Stars, three-time champion of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), Master of Sports in orienteering, in the development of orienteering sports traditions, his work at the Latvian Olympic Committee (LOC), as well as his activities as the Head of the Latvian Orienteering Federation (LOF). Special attention is paid to his merit in popularizing orienteering sports and his achievements in competitions of various scales. Developing this article, the authors interviewed R. Slaviņš. They used his personal archive, the documents of the Latvian National Archives of Latvian State Historical Archive and RTU Archive, the collection of the Latvian National Library, scientific literature, and publications in the press.
An Example of the Use of Traditional Woodworking Hand Tools in Product Design Studies at the Institute of Design Technologies of the Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry of Riga Technical University
Authors: Gūtmane Ilze , Kukle Silvija , Kalniņš Jānis , Zotova Inga , Ķīsis Artūrs
Published: September 2022

Initially, hand tools were created to facilitate the processing of materials in manufacturing utility items. Tool design, technology, and ergonomics evolved along with the growing human ability to process new materials. The tool range has expanded to meet more diverse needs of the woodworking industry, adapting the tools for both universal use and specific functions. Understanding of the functionalities of woodworking hand tools is essential for observing the sequence of material processing and practical processing operations, as well as in building awareness of the properties of the wood material. This is ensured by the interaction between the operator, the tool, and the workpiece. An important aspect in raising awareness is the relatively low processing speed and the processing of the material with human-controlled movements. Treatment of wood with craft methods and tools reveals the characteristic properties of the material, including specifics of wood grain direction, the difference in the density of earlywood and latewood, and the difference in the longitudinal and transverse grain direction. It also allows understanding the most typical wood defects. To make the process of learning a wood material meaningful in the study process, it is integrated with product manufacturing, making students create a wooden puzzle. This process implies running a sequential crafting process from a solid pine board to a finished and functional product – a puzzle. Students have to make it following a uniform design drawing showing the proportions of the pieces and joints. While making a wooden puzzle, students choose the most appropriate tools for each processing stage. In the process, it is necessary to check, measure, mark, and cut the workpiece. The result is a three-dimensional product that may be assembled and disassembled. The assembly and disassembly process allows appreciating the role of processing accuracy in the course of work and its impact on the end result.
ПРЕГЛЕД ДОСАДАШЊИХ ИСТРАЖИВАЊА РАЗЛИКА У МОТОРИЧКИМ СПОСОБНОСТИМА ИЗМЕЂУ ДЈЕЧАКА И ДЈЕВОЈЧИЦА МЛАЂЕГ ШКОЛСКОГ УЗРАСТА
Authors: Савић Бојан
Published: September 2022

На моторичке способности утиче генетски потенцијал, енергетски потенцијал, ниво моторичке информисаности, когнитивне и конативне способности и друго. Настава физичког васпитања у школама треба да има позитиван утицај на развој тих моторичких способности. Резултати истраживања уназад неколико година показују да се физичка активност дјеце прогресивно смањује. Циљ овог истраживања био је да се добије увид у преглед досадашњих истраживања разлика у моторичким способностима између дјечака и дјевојчица млађег школског узраста. На основу добијених резултата може се закључити да постоје значајне разлике између дјечака и дјевојчица у моторичким варијаблама. На узорку дјеце млађег школског узраста, резултати су показали да су дјечаци успјешнији у процјени координације, снаге и брзине, а дјевојчице у тестовима процјене флексибилности, брзини алтернативних покрета и равнотеже.
МЕТОДА МОДЕЛОВАЊА У РЈЕШАВАЊУ ПРОБЛЕМСКИХ ЗАДАТАКА НА ПРЕДШКОЛСКОМ УЗРАСТУ
Authors: Николић Цвија , Ристић Марко
Published: September 2022

Програмске садржаје предшколске математике, карактерише апстрактност, која условљава њихово формирање мисаоним поступцима, односно развијањем појмова. У предшколској математици посебно су значајни проблемски задаци који су најсложенији међу текстуалним задацима и чије рјешавање представља врхунац математичког образовања. Проблемским задацима дјеца стичу математичка знања. Према Каменову (2010), на успјех у рјешавању проблема утичу, не само умне способности дјетета, него и бројне друге његове особине, посебно се истиче интелектуална иницијативност. Ријеч метода потиче од грчке ријечи methodos и означава начин или поступак рада на остваривању постављених циљева и задатака у сваком организованом процесу и дјелатности. Моделовање прати дидактички круг који почиње упознавањем дјетета са стварним проблемом из живота и преко својих фаза води ка развоју математичког мишљења и рјешењу проблема (Прибишев Белеслин, Милинковић, Шиндић, 2017). Циљ овог рада јесте да се укаже на значај методе моделовања при рјешавању проблемских задатака на предшколском узрасту, како да дјеца лакше и успјешније рјешавају проблемске задатке.
МЕТА АНАЛИЗА ПРОГРАМИРАНИХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИОНИХ ПРОЦЕСА НА РАЗВОЈ МОТОРИЧКИХ СПОСОБНОСТИ УЗРАСТА 3-8 ГОДИНА
Authors: Ивановић Вера
Published: September 2022

Истраживање је спроведено са циљем да се изврши анализа досадашњих истраживања везаних за трансформацију моторичких способности деце у периоду раног детињства и млађег школског узрста, те да се на основу њих изнесу одређени закључци о утицајима одређених програмираних програма вежбања на моторичке способности. За квалитетну реализацију истраживања користио се емпиријски метод рада. Резултати прегледног рада указују на свеукупне позитивне промене на испољавање базичне и специфичне моторике код деце оба пола. Сваки програмирани тренажни процес, који је био систематски вођен, планиран и контролисан, изазвао је веће или мање трансформационе промене на испољавање моторике код деце без обзира на постојање полно диморфизних разлика. Највећи напредак остварен је у домену фактора структурирања кретања (координација покрета), фактора функционалне синергије и регулације тонуса (гипкости задње ложе натколенице) и фактора трајања ексцитације моторних јединица (снаге). Умерени развојни програми у периоду раног детињства помажу, унапређују и побољшавају основне вештине покрета код деце.
Stability and asynchrony of local communities but less so diversity increase regional stability of Inner Mongolian grassland
Authors: Wang Yonghui , Wang Shaopeng , Zhao Liqing , Liang Cunzhu , Miao Bailing , Zhang Qing , Niu Xiaxia , Ma Wenhong , Schmid Bernhard
Published: September 2022

Extending knowledge on ecosystem stability to larger spatial scales is urgently needed because present local-scale studies are generally ineffective in guiding management and conservation decisions of an entire region with diverse plant communities. We investigated stability of plant productivity across spatial scales and hierarchical levels of organization and analyzed impacts of dominant species, species diversity, and climatic factors using a multisite survey of Inner Mongolian grassland. We found that regional stability across distant local communities was related to stability and asynchrony of local communities. Using only dominant instead of all-species dynamics explained regional stability almost equally well. The diversity of all or only dominant species had comparatively weak effects on stability and synchrony, whereas a lower mean and higher variation of precipitation destabilized regional and local communities by reducing population stability and synchronizing species dynamics. We demonstrate that, for semi-arid temperate grassland with highly uneven species abundances, the stability of regional communities is increased by stability and asynchrony of local communities and these are more affected by climate rather than species diversity. Reduced amounts and increased variation of precipitation in the future may compromise the sustainable provision of ecosystem services to human well-being in this region.
Olfactory responses of Drosophila are encoded in the organization of projection neurons
Authors: Choi Kiri , Kim Won Kyu , Hyeon Changbong
Published: September 2022

The projection neurons (PNs), reconstructed from electron microscope (EM) images of the Drosophila olfactory system, offer a detailed view of neuronal anatomy, providing glimpses into information flow in the brain. About 150 uPNs constituting 58 glomeruli in the antennal lobe (AL) are bundled together in the axonal extension, routing the olfactory signal received at AL to mushroom body (MB) calyx and lateral horn (LH). Here we quantify the neuronal organization in terms of the inter-PN distances and examine its relationship with the odor types sensed by Drosophila. The homotypic uPNs that constitute glomeruli are tightly bundled and stereotyped in position throughout the neuropils, even though the glomerular PN organization in AL is no longer sustained in the higher brain center. Instead, odor-type dependent clusters consisting of multiple homotypes innervate the MB calyx and LH. Pheromone-encoding and hygro/thermo-sensing homotypes are spatially segregated in MB calyx, whereas two distinct clusters of food-related homotypes are found in LH in addition to the segregation of pheromone-encoding and hygro/thermo-sensing homotypes. We find that there are statistically significant associations between the spatial organization among a group of homotypic uPNs and certain stereotyped olfactory responses. Additionally, the signals from some of the tightly bundled homotypes converge to a specific group of lateral horn neurons (LHNs), which indicates that homotype (or odor type) specific integration of signals occurs at the synaptic interface between PNs and LHNs. Our findings suggest that before neural computation in the inner brain, some of the olfactory information are already encoded in the spatial organization of uPNs, illuminating that a certain degree of labeled-line strategy is at work in the Drosophila olfactory system.
Clinical Manifestations and Environmental Impact of Fish Smoking Based on Traditional and Improved Ovens in Marcory Anoumabo (Ivory Coast)
Authors: Ambroise Ossehin , Quand-Même Gnamba Corneil , Lydie Koukougnon Kouho , Idriss Soussou Yao , Bernard Yapo Ossey
Published: September 2022

The smoking of fish plays a very important role at the economic, social and nutritional levels. Despite its importance, smoking is still practiced through traditional techniques that have a considerable impact on the health of the processors.  The objective of this work is to evaluate the environmental and health impact of traditional and modern fish smoking. The environmental assessment of the Marcory Anoumabo site equipped with an improved oven called FAO-Thiaroye Processing Technique (FTT oven) consisted in measuring the quality of the smoke on the smoking sites. It is a cross-sectional etiological study conducted from July to December 2018 on a sample of 135 women consisting of 40 women who use traditional ovens, 32 women who use FTT ovens and 63 control cases. The results showed that 87.50% and 37.50% of women practicing on traditional ovens versus 43.75% and 15.62% of women using FTT ovens as well as 39.68% and 14.29% of the case controls had respiratory and ophthalmological signs respectively. The gas levels measured at the smoking sites are often higher than the standard (50 mg/m3). This study highlights the deleterious effects of fish smoking.