bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(CAAC)Copper Catalysis Enables Regioselective Three-Component Carboboration of Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Gao Yang , Kim Nana , Yazdani Sima , Liu Mingyu , Kendrick Aaron , Grotjahn Douglas , Bertrand Guy , Jazzar Rodolphe , Engle Keary
Published: February 2022

Cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) ligands are found to perturb regioselectivity of the copper-catalyzed carboboration of terminal alkynes, favoring the less commonly observed internal alkenylboron regiosomer through an α-selective borylcupration step. A variety of carbon electrophiles participate in the reaction, including allyl alcohols derivatives and alkyl halides. The method provides a straightforward and selective route to versatile tri-substituted alkenylboron compounds that are otherwise challenging to access.
NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER PEDULI LINGKUNGAN NOVEL SAWITRI DAN TUJUH POHON KELAHIRAN KARYA MASHDAR ZAINAL
Authors: Chandra Afry Adi , Waluyo Herman J. , Wardani Nugraheni Eko
Published: February 2022

This study aims to discuss environmental care character education contained in the novel Sawitri dan Tujuh Pohon Kelahiran by Mashdar Zainal. Attitude to protect the environment is part of the manifestation of human gratitude to God. It is also a reflection of the value of character education. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The main data source in this study, namely the quoted text contained in the novel of Sawitri dan Tujuh Pohon Kelahiran relating to character education care about the environment. The data validity technique uses the triangulation of methods and data sources. Content analysis techniques are used as a means of collecting data. The low concern of students for environmental sustainability is one of the factors threatening the survival of living things in the future. Internalization of the value of character education about the environment is important to instill in students. Based on the research conducted, it is known that the novel Sawitri dan Tujuh Pohon Kelahiran by Mashdar Zainal contain tangible environmental character education, (1) compassion towards the environment; (2) equality of women's rights in managing the environment; and (3) educating the importance of protecting the environment.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas pendidikan karakter peduli lingkungan yang terdapat di novel Sawitri dan Tujuh Pohon Kelahiran karya Mashdar Zainal. Sikap menjaga lingkungan adalah bagian dari wujud rasa syukur manusia kepada Tuhan. Hal tersebut juga merupakan cerminan dari nilai pendidikan karakter. Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data utama dalam penelitian ini, yaitu kutipan teks yang terdapat di novel Sawitri dan Tujuh Pohon Kelahiran yang berkaitan dengan pendidikan karakter peduli lingkungan. Teknik validitas data menggunakan triangulasi metode dan sumber data. Teknik analisis konten (content analysis)digunakan sebagai sarana dalam pengumpulan data. Rendahnya kepedulian peserta didik terhadap kelestarian lingkungan, menjadi salah satu faktor terancamnya keberlangsungan hidup makhluk hidup di masa mendatang. Internalisasi nilai pendidikan karakter peduli lingkungan menjadi hal penting untuk ditanamkan kepada para siswa. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, diketahui bahwa novel Sawitri dan Tujuh Pohon Kelahiran memuat pendidikan karakter peduli lingkungan yang berwujud, (1) sikap kasih sayang terhadap lingkungan; (2) kesetaraan hak perempuan dalam mengelola lingkungan; dan (3) mengedukasi pentingnya menjaga lingkungan.
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN EJAAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR TINGKAT TINGGI
Authors: Markhamah NFN , Sufanti Main , Sabardila Atiqa , Winarni NFN
Published: February 2022

This research aims to produce a spelling education tool that meets the criteria of (a) validity, (b) practicality, and (c) effectiveness to improve the higher-order thinking skills of school students. This research is development research that refers to the Borg & Gall model which consists of 10 steps. The developed tool included a set of syllabus, class activity planning, worksheets for students, and tests. The subjects of this study were fourth-grade students of Izzatul Islam Getasan Elementary, Semarang Regency. The data collection technique utilized methods of focused group discussion (FGD) and product assessment. Data analysis utilized descriptive quantitative and descriptive qualitative techniques. Research results indicate that the spelling education tool developed successfully met the criteria of (a) validity with a very good category, based on validity assessment by experts in education and linguistics. The tool developed also met the criteria of (b) practicality with good category, based on the scale of responses from teachers and students. The tool developed also met the criteria of (c) effectiveness with a very significant effect in improving students' higher-order thinking skills, based on the results of the effectiveness test using the Mann-Whitley statistical test. Thus it can be concluded that the development of this spelling education tool has successfully met the targeted criteria to improve the higher order thinking skills of school students.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran ejaan yang memenuhi kriteria (a) valid, (b) praktis, dan (c) efektifuntuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa sekolah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang mengacu padamodelBorg&Gallyang terdiri atas 10 langkah. Perangkat yang dikembangkan meliputi silabus, Rancangan Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP), Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD), dan penilaian. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SDIT Izzatul Islam Getasan, Kabupaten Semarang.Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode focused group discussion (FGD) dan penilaian produk. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif dan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran ejaan yang dikembangkan berhasil memenuhi kriteria (a) valid dengan kategori sangat baik, berdasarkan penilaian uji validitas dari ahli pendidikan dan ahli bahasa. Perangkat yang dikembangkan juga memenuhi kriteria (b) praktis dengan kategori baik, berdasarkanskala respon dari guru dan siswa. Perangkat yang dikembangkan juga memenuhi kriteria(c) efektif dengan pengaruh yang sangat signifikan dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa, berdasarkan hasil pengujian efektifitas melalui uji statistika Mann-Whitley. Bisa disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran ejaan ini berhasil memenuhi kriteria yang ditargetkan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berfikir tingkat tinggi siswa sekolah.
ANALISIS SEMIOTIK PUISI ENGKAU KARYA MUHAMMAD ZUHRI
Authors: Kusumawati Aning Ayu
Published: February 2022

The material object of this study is Engkau poetry by Muhammad Zuhri, while the formal object is semiotics by Riffaterre. In his theory, Michael Riffaterre, introduces two level of reading, i.e. heuristics (mimetic reading, based on the dictionary meaning, characterized by non-gramatical) and hermeneutic reading or retroactive reading (reading decoding process by searching models, matrix, hipogram: actual and potential to get a unity of meaning). The result of this study revealed that Engkau poetry in heuristics reading has not been found its unity of meaning, and it is still scattered and fragmented. In hermeneutic or retroactive reading, potential hipogram depicts the inner journey of the “Aku” lyrics from stagnant stage to the finding of bright spot stage. There are two monumental models in Engkau poetry. Departing from the model, it is found solicitation matrix (passion) for charitable pious, tawazun (balance on world affairs as well as the hereafter). While the actual hipogram as the background of the formation of the matrix is in Al-Qur’an Surah Ar-Rahman verses 7–8: “And the sky was abandoned by him, and laid by him (principle) balance. In order that you (mankind) violates the (principle) that balance.” By understanding the above verses, the principle of balance is the law of God for the whole universe. Thus, violation of the principle of balance is a cosmic sin, for violating the law that controls the universe.Objek material penelitian ini adalah puisi Engkau karya Muhammad Zuhri, penyair Sekar Jalak Pati, sedang objek formalnya adalah semiotika Riffaterre. Dalam teorinya, Michael Riffaterre mengenalkan dua level pembacaan, yaitu heuristik (pembacaan mimetis, didasarkan pada arti kamus, bercirikan ketidakgramatikalan) dan pembacaan hermeneutik atau pembacaan retroaktif (pembacaan proses dekoding dengan mencari model, matriks, hipogram: potensial dan aktual untuk mendapatkan kesatuan makna). Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa puisi Engkau dalam pembacaan heuristik masih belum ditemukan kesatuan makna, masih tersebar dan terpisah-pisah. Dalam pembacaan hermeneutik atau retroaktif, hipogram potensial menggambarkan perjalanan batin si aku lirik, dari tahap kejumutan sampai tahap menemukan titik terang. Ada dua model yang monumental dalam puisi Engkau ini. Berangkat dari model tersebut, ditemukan matriks ajakan (semangat) untuk beramal saleh, tawazun (kesimbangan pada urusan dunia maupun akhirat). Hipogram aktual yang menjadi latar terbentuknya matriks adalah Al-Qur’an surat ar-Rahman ayat 7–8: “dan langit pun ditinggalkan oleh-Nya, serta diletakkan oleh-Nya (prinsip) keseimbangan. Agar janganlah kamu (manusia) melanggar (prinsip) keseimbangan itu.” Dengan pemahaman ayat tersebut yang prinsip keseimbangan adalah hukum Allah untuk seluruh jagat raya. Dengan demikian, melanggar prinsip keseimbangan merupakan sebuah dosa kosmis, karena melanggar hukum yang menguasai jagat raya.
HUMOR BAHASA JAWA DIALEK TEGAL DALAM KANAL YOUTUBE “GUYONAN NGAPAK TEGAL”
Authors: Amalah Dahlia Nurul , Mulyana NFN
Published: February 2022

This study aims to describe humor in the Javanese Tegal dialect in the Guyonan Ngapak Tegal youtube channel. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with a content analysis method. The data in this study are words, phrases, sentences, and clauses that source of humor discourses in the GNT youtube channel. The data collection used by listening and note technique. The validity of the data in this study was semantic and referential validity. The result in this research that the humor of Javanese Tegal dialect in the GNT youtube channel was formed linguistic aspects, namely 1) phonological aspects, in the form of substitution and permutation; 2) morphological aspects, in the form of reduplication and compound words; and 3) semantic aspects, in the form of homonyms, antonyms, language style, idioms, and ambiguity. Based on the research results, the most dominant means of humor making is ambiguity.Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk humor bahasa Jawa dialek Tegal dalam kanal youtube Guyonan Ngapak Tegal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode analisis isi. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa kata, frasa, kalimat, maupun klausa yang bersumber pada wacana humor dalam kanal youtube GNT. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik simak dan catat. Validitas data dalam penelitian ini yaitu validitas semantik dan validitas referensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk humor bahasa Jawa dialek Tegal dalam kanal youtube GNT terbentuk melalui aspek linguistik, yaitu 1) aspek fonologi, berupa subtitusi dan permutasi; 2) aspek morfologi, berupa reduplikasi dan kata majemuk; dan 3) aspek semantik, berupa homonim, antonim, gaya bahasa, idiom, dan ambiguitas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, sarana pembentukan humor yang paling dominan ialah ambiguitas.
CITA-CITA HARMONIS MASYARAKAT KERINCI DALAM KUNAUNG KERINCI
Authors: Jayawardana Mahawitra , Rosa Silvia , Anwar Khairil
Published: February 2022

This article aims to reveal the meaning behind the expelled events contained in the Kunaung Putri Bungsu Rindu Sekian and the Kunaung Si Kamba Paya. The semiological theory of Roland Barthes is applied to reveal the symbolic foundation that wraps the discourse of these two ancients. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive method by analyzing the data in the form of words, sentences, paragraphs and even the discourse contained in the kunaung text. The results of the analysis show that kunaung becomes a symbolic code as a curtain of reason to silence the collective tragedy of the past so that it does not become a collective disease in the Kerinci community. The two kunaung have become the harmonious ideals of the ancestors of the Kerinci people for life in the future. Kunaung acts as a tool to voice these ideals.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap makna di balikperistiwaterusir yang terdapat dalam kunaung Putri Bungsu Rindu Sekian dan kunaung Si Kamba Paya.Teori semiologi Roland Barthes diterapkan untuk mengungkap tumpuan simbol yang membungkus wacana dalam kedua kunaung ini.Penelitian ini ialah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif dengan menganalisis data berupa kata, kalimat, paragraf, bahkan wacana yang terdapat pada teks kunaung.Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwakunaung menjadi kode simbolik yang bermakna sebagai tirai nalar untuk membungkam tragedi kolektif masa lalu supaya tidak menjadi luka kolektif dalam masyarakat Kerinci. Kedua kunaung itu menjadi cita-cita harmonis nenek moyang orang Kerinci untuk kehidupan di masa depan. Kunaung berperan sebagai alat untuk menyuarakan cita-cita tersebut.
On the Criteria of Archaeological Cultures’ Distinguishing in Paleolithic of Transbaikalia
Authors:   Institute of Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan studies SB RAS, Tashak V. I. , Antonova Yu. E. ,   Institute of Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan studies SB RAS
Published: February 2022

An archaeological culture is one of the base terms of archaeology. The content of this term was discussed from the time of its introduction into scientific discourse. During the investigations in Transbaikalia, researchers asserted about Stone Age archaeological cultures for the first time at the beginning of the 1930s. Till the beginning of the 1890s, A. P. Okladnikov’s opinion has prevailed. According to him, Transbaikalia Paleolithic represented a monocultural phenomenon. This point of view is developed by some archaeologists in the present day. Additionally beginning from the 1960s the idea about existing of several archaeological cultures in the Transbaikalia Paleolithic has been generated. In the 1930s the distinguishing archaeological cultures in Transbaikalia Stone Age was based on morphology and typology of stone artifacts. In this sense, the technology of stone tools production was considered to a lesser degree. At the end of the 20th century, the main emphasis has been given to the tools’ production technology as the key component of the stone industry. Therefore, while a theoretical base of Transbaikalia Paleolithic developed stone industry was in the base of identifying archaeological cultures with the shift of some accents from morphology and typology to the technology of production. Gradually together with stone industry data of cultural horizons spatial organization becomes involved as supporting elements in distinguishing archaeological cultures in Transbaikalia. At the same time often the only stone industry is accessible for the investigations, and it demonstrates the main trend of Paleolithic material culture development. Using the complex of different criteria for distinguishing archaeological culture corresponds to the system approach which is recently developed intensively. As a result of the assessment of the synchronous stone industries of Transbaikalia, we concluded that the archaeological culture is the tool of the interpretational level and reflects phenomena that really existed in the past. It is proposed to use as criteria not only typology, morphology, and technology, reconstructed on the base of the stone industry but also life subsistent strategies reconstructed with the taking into consideration all available data. Such strategies could be conditioned by the environment, but also are the reflection of the development of the technological traditions inherent to the given culture.
“Having Become a Soldier, I Certainly Can No Longer Engage in Archaeology”. G. P. Sosnovsky's Letters to N. K. Auerbach, 1918
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore, Vdovin A. S. , Makarov N. P. ,   Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore
Published: February 2022

In this article, we consider the problem of the formation of Krasnoyarsk archaeology in the field of Paleolithic studies. The purpose of the article is to publish the letters of Georgy Sosnovsky to Nikolai Auerbach. These unpublished materials were found in the archives of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Part of the correspondence is kept in the Krasnoyarsk Museum and the archive of the heirs of Nikolai Auerbach. The documents substantially supplement the information about the initial period of the archaeologists' activity. The correspondence reflects the events of 1918 – the initial period of the Russian Civil War. The plans of researchers of this time are considered. The content of the published letters is supplemented by a description of the activities of Georgy Sosnovsky to Nikolai Auerbach in 1919–1920. Correspondence testifies to the significant role of partners and senior mentors in the life of Georgy Sosnovsky. One of his teachers at the Krasnoyarsk Museum was the Austrian archaeologist Gero von Merhart (Gero Merhart von Bernegg). The Austrian archaeologist Gero von Merhart, who, in letters to the director of the Krasnoyarsk Museum Arkady Tugarinov, gave Georgy Sosnovsky both positive characteristics and critical feedback. At the same time, he noted: “He needs a school and practice under supervision”. In the final part, we present the opinion of Georgy Sosnovsky about his mentor at Irkutsk University, Professor Bernhard Petri. Along with respect, he sometimes disagreed with his teacher. In the opinion of Georgy Sosnovsky, the classification of the Neolithic cultures of Eastern Siberia, developed by Professor Petri, could not be applied to the Yenisei province. He also disagreed with Petri about the identity of the Paleolithic sites Afontova Gora and Verkholenskaya Gora. In the end, we conclude that Georgy Sosnovsky, having gained a certain independence and fame in his student years, became a prominent representative of the emerging Irkutsk scientific school of archaeology.
A rare case of cholecystitis and intra-hepatic collections associated with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus bacteraemia
Authors:   Jacqueline Kim Nguyen1, BBMED, MD,   Reuben J. Chen1, MBBS, MSC,   Henry To1, 2, PhD, FRACS
Published: February 2022

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early identification of a source of infection is critical for appropriate management. MRSA infection can affect any organ system, however infection of the biliary tract is a rare phenomenon. We report on a 67-year-old male who presented with atypical cholecystitis, intra-hepatic collections and MRSA bacteraemia. The patient was managed on a long course of antibiotics following cholecystectomy and surgical drainage of the collections. Our case highlights the importance of considering biliary sepsis as a potential source for MRSA bacteraemia, in order to expedite source control and prevent intra-hepatic abscess formation.
Development of Starter Culture for the Improvement in the Quality of Ogiri, a Food Condiment
Authors: Olaoye O. A. , Ohuche J. C. , Nwachukwu A. C. , Nwaigwe U. V.
Published: February 2022

The objective of the present study was to isolate Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) from ogiri, a Nigerian fermented vegetable product, with the primary focus of selecting suitable isolates as candidates for starter cultures for use in possible improvements in the quality of the product. LAB was isolated from ogiri using phenotypic methods and then subjected to technological tests to evaluate suitability as starter cultures. Based on their considerable technological properties, two isolates of LAB were selected as candidates for starter cultures. The starter cultures were inoculated at 103 CFU/g during the production of ogiri, while un-inoculated samples served as a control. The ogiri samples were stored over nine days, within which samples were taken for microbial and proximate analyses. Four LAB isolates were isolated and identified phenotypically from ogiri procured from a commercial market, including Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Enterococcus sp. and Lactobacillus plantarum. The species of Lactobacillus displayed the usual cell shapes of rods when examined under the microscope, which is typical of most members of the genus. The cells of the Enterococcus sp. were, however, cocci in shape, and this is also typical of members of the genus. The basis of the identification of the LAB isolates was their ability to utilize a wide range of carbon sources in their physiological and biochemical activities. Among the LAB isolates, L. acidophilus, L. fermentum produced less than 0.35 and 0.024 mg/l of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide respectively, and were therefore chosen as starter cultures for production of ogiri. Inoculated ogiri samples showed reduced counts of coliforms, yeast, and moulds in comparison with their un-inoculated counterparts during storage. Coliform counts increased beyond 105 CFU/g in the un-inoculated control samples, whereas counts were lower in samples inoculated with L. acidophilus and L. fermentum. Yeast and mould count of 8.1 106 CFU/g was recorded as the highest value in the un-inoculated control samples, but count was generally below 106 CFU/g in the starter culture inoculated samples. Inoculation with LAB did not have significant difference (p > 0.05) in the proximate compositions of the fermented product. The LAB cultures L. acidophilus and L. fermentum demonstrated considerable control of coliforms and fungi in ogiri. Storage of the fermented product should not exceed 5 days for safety concerns, as increase in counts of coliforms was recorded beyond this period. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was recorded in the proximate compositions of starter culture inoculated ogiri and un-inoculated samples. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2022-03-01-04 Full Text: PDF
Modifying Hidden Layer in Neural Network Models to Improve Prediction Accuracy: A Combined Model for Estimating Stock Price
Authors: Mahmoudabadi Abbas , Kanaani Mehdi , Pourhossein Ghazimahalleh Fatemeh
Published: February 2022

Investment experts, who deal with stock price estimation, commonly look for the most accurate and appropriate statistical techniques to make decisions on investment. The aim of this study is to improve the accuracy of stock price prediction models through modifying the structure of a combined neural network model with time-series data, in which the main contribution is to insert the time-series analysis prediction into the hidden layer of the neural network. The proposed structure is made up of neural networks and time-series analysis, with variable reduction used to remove attributes with inter-correlations. Data has been collected over six years (72 months) from the Iranian stock market, including the number of trades, new-coin price, gold-18 price, US Dollar and Euro equivalent currencies, oil-index price, Brent-oil price, industry index, and balanced stock index, followed by developing the prediction models. Comparing the performance criteria of the proposed structure to the traditional ones in terms of the mean square and mean absolute errors revealed that inserting time-series estimated variables into hidden layers would improve the performance of neural network models to estimate stock prices for making investment decisions. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2022-03-01-05 Full Text: PDF
BHAKTI-RASA (THE SENTIMENT OF DEVOTION) IN JOHN DONNE'S POETRY
Authors: Biswal Richa
Published: February 2022

Donne is considered one of the greatest devotional poets of English. His devotional poetry reflects the intensity of feeling and inner conflict. The main themes of his devotional poems are the falseness of this world and the sufferings of the soul imprisoned in the body. According to Donne, the solution to all these problems is to obtain the blessings of the Almighty. His 'Holy Sonnets' may be regarded as poems of repentance and supplications for divine grace. Bhakti-rasa also deals with the elements of devotion. Thus, his devotional poetry can be profitably analysed from the perspective of bhakti-rasa. However, the concept of bhakti-rasa is an Indian concept still has not been ignored by writers in any language. The theory of bhakti influenced many prominent writers, Donne being one of mthe most celebrated. The present paper deals with some of the significant inter-connections between the mEastern and Western branches of aesthetics to address the universality and relevance of bhakti-rasa. Donne's poems consist of almost all the features of bhakti-rasa as mentioned in Indian Poetics in general and in Srila Rupagoswami's renowned text Bhakti-rasāmrta-Sindhu in particular. The three sections describe the types and subtypes. A literature review is described in the second section, showing that Donne's poetry has not been studied in the light of bhakti-rasa so far, either in the west or in the east. In the third section, John Donne's poetry is analysed in the light of bhakti-rasa.
Marketing research of the market of waste and secondary raw materials processing technologies
Authors: Gerasimov Aleksandr , Suglobov Aleksandr
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this article is a marketing study of the industrial waste processing and production of secondary raw materials from the initial stages to the production of the finished product. As a result of the study, the volumes and sources of waste generation in Russia, their circulation within the country and abroad, the experience of entrepreneurs in the field of waste processing were identified. As an illustration, the data of the customs base for 2021 on imports and exports, research by universities and researchers, information about the problems and the state of the market of direct participants will serve.
Problems of identifying threats to economic security in housing and communal services management organizations
Authors: Serebryakova Tatyana , Anisimov Aleksandr
Published: February 2022

The Russian economy has a significant number of relatively small economic entities that have a significant impact on the economic security of entire industries. These are the management companies (CC) of housing and communal services (housing and communal services). Such threats can be defined as threats to the economy of the external environment. Along with such threats, there are also internal threats to our own economy. Due to the presence of significant transit amounts, which are payments for consumed resources, the usual financial indicators and, most importantly, their criteria are not indicative for identifying the presence or absence of danger, both external and internal. A different approach is needed. It is proposed to use a set of indicators of the economic situation to diagnose the dangers and threats to both their own and external economic environment.
Comparative assessment of economic security Russian regions bordering Ukraine
Authors: Tolkunov Vladislav
Published: February 2022

Based on the analysis of official statistics data, the article assesses the economic security of the Russian regions located on the border with Ukraine. The assessment was carried out on the basis of the author's methodology. The list of indicators includes indicators of the state of the country's economic security; indicators used to measure the achievement of national development goals; indicators characterizing the economic potential of the territory, the development of promising types of economic activity, the demographic situation, the standard of living of the population, investment attractiveness, innovative activity of economic entities, human resources of the regional economy, small business development, cooperation with neighboring countries. A significant lag in the level of socio-economic development of the Republic of Crimea and the Bryansk region was revealed, which poses a threat to the national security of the state. The economic potential of the Republic of Crimea, which has the status of a priority geostrategic territory, is rapidly strengthening. The financial dependence of the Bryansk region on the federal center remains high.The author substantiates the need to develop a comprehensive plan for the socio-economic development of the Bryansk region, bordering two foreign states, providing for co-financing by the federal center of its main activities, which will strengthen the economic potential, will contribute to the growth of living standards and the stabilization of the demographic situation in the border region, providing the national security of the state.
FEATURES OF STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF METALLURGICAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF A PANDEMIC
Authors: Yaremchuk Ekaterina , Muzalev Sergey
Published: February 2022

The article considers aspects related to the possibility of adjusting the development strategy of metallurgical industry enterprises in the conditions of a pandemic.
INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL SUPPORT FOR FORMATION OF AN INNOVATIVE ENVIRONMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors: Tischenko Irina
Published: February 2022

The manufacture of innovative products can be both the main and a separate line of business of an economic entity. At the same time, in any case, innovative enterprises have their own production characteristics, as well as the specifics of promoting an innovative product to the market (external and internal). Currently, there are many definitions of the category "innovation sphere", which have similarities and differences.
inclusión en tiempos de pandemia: las ventajas y las dificultades de la educación virtual para los estudiantes con diversidad funcional
Authors: López-Álvarez Carmen
Published: February 2022

Para la segunda quincena de marzo de 2020, los dirigentes de muchas naciones tomaron medidas drásticas —el aislamiento, los cierres y los toques de queda— para detener el covid-19.  Uno de los sectores más perjudicados por estas decisiones fue la educación: desde el nivel preescolar hasta la universitaria. Ante la cancelación de las clases presenciales, las instituciones universitarias —preparadas o no— optaron por la educación virtual con miras de salvar sus finanzas y evitar la deserción estudiantil. Pese a lo atropellado de su implantación en las aulas, dicha modalidad ha cobrado gran vigencia. Esta investigación surge de la necesidad de examinar las ventajas y las dificultades de la educación virtual tanto para los estudiantes típicos (no poseen dificultades) como para los que poseen algún impedimento durante estos últimos meses. Asimismo, se analizarán las repercusiones —favorables o adversas— de la educación virtual en la inclusión de los alumnos con diversidad funcional.  A lo largo de este artículo, se brindarán definiciones tales como educación virtual, impedimento, diversidad funcional, inclusión, acomodo/modificación razonable y diseño universal. Por último, se ofrecerán recomendaciones para incorporar el diseño universal en los cursos en línea  y cómo se vislumbra el futuro de la educación en tiempos de pandemia.
PREDICTORS OF BREAST CANCER PROGNOSIS BASED ON TUMOR BIOMARKERS
Authors: Lima Beatriz Alves , Pereira Andressa da Silva , Lima Bruna Alves , Lima Diana Gonçalves , Pucci Leonardo Ferreira , Ferreira Renato Moraes , Ferreira Tiago Castro , Pucci Henrique Ferreira
Published: February 2022

Objective: To analyze the tumor biological markers of breast cancer associated with the prognostic of the disease. Methodology: A systematic review was carried out on the Scielo, PubMed, and the National Cancer Institute databases on the topic. Descriptors used were: tumor biomarkers, breast cancer, and prognosis. Thus, 15 articles published between 2001 and 2020 were selected. Results: Breast cancer, characterized by the disordered multiplication of breast cells, is the most incident in women in the world, representing 24.2% of the total cases in 2018, and the most frequent cause of death in this gender. Accordingly, tumor markers are complementary tests for early diagnosis, since they are macromolecules derived from the tumor and biological fluids. The evaluation of tumor markers is of paramount importance due to the great diversity in clinical progression of breast cancer, for example, those hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone), MIB-1, Ki-67, PCNA, p53, and c-erbB-2. Hence, about two-thirds of breast cancers are positive for hormone receptors and are related to a more favorable prognosis. PCNA (36 kDa protein perceptible in the cell nucleus from the late G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle) and MIB-1 (direct antibody against parts of the Ki-67 antigen) have a high proportion of tumor cells associated with a high-degree tumor differentiation, indicating a worse prognosis. Furthermore, mutations in the p53 and c-erbB-2 genes report low levels of estrogen and progesterone receptors, leading to a worse prognosis. Conclusion: In brief, the recognition of the main markers helps in the identification of patients with potentially aggressive tumors and in the mortality reduction of breast cancer, through treatments that can alter the course of the disease. On account of this, it is known that the tumor markers must be used in combination with the other methods such as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic modifications.
ANALYSIS OF THE LEVEL OF CIRCULATING LEUKOCYTE PLATELET AGGREGATES IN WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER
Authors: Kerstenetzky Maria Eduarda Borges , Salgado Amanda Forte Mendes Tejo , Melquiades Vitoria Ferreira David , Gomes Vinicius Rafael Agostinho , Viana Denise Sobral , Lima Jurema Telles de Oliveira , Salgado Marcelo Ramos Tejo , Torres Leuridan Cavalcante
Published: February 2022

Objective: To evaluate the levels of circulating platelet–leukocyte aggregates in women with breast cancer (BC). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out between 2018 and 2019 with 27 women, who aged between 18 and 60 years, diagnosed with BC and 15 healthy women (controls). For the evaluation of the circulating platelet aggregate, samples of peripheral blood were collected at the time of routine laboratory tests for diagnosis and before treatment. Platelet aggregate analysis was performed using monoclonal antibodies by flow cytometry. Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to analyze medians between two and three groups, respectively. Values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Analyses were performed on Graphpad v7.0. Results: In the analysis of the percentages of platelet–lymphocyte aggregates (AGP – lymphocytes) and platelet–neutrophils (AGP – neutrophils), no significant differences were observed between patients and controls. However, it was observed that the patients presented high percentage values of aggregate platelet–monocytes (AGP–monocytes) when compared with controls (p<0.0001). No significant differences were observed in the percentage levels of AGP–lymphocytes and AGP–neutrophils between the luminous subtypes A/B, HER2+, and triple-negative, and between these tumor subtypes and controls. The percentage values of AGP – monocytes were high in the luminous subtypes A/B, HER2+, and triple negative when compared with controls (p=0.008, 0.0001, 0.0002, respectively). However, no significant percentage differences in AGP–monocytes were observed between tumor subtypes. Conclusion: The present study showed the involvement of AGP–monocyte in triple-negative breast cancer and HER2+, these tumor subtypes being more aggressive and with a worse prognosis. Based on these data, the importance of new studies based on an investigation of the role of interactions between platelets and immune system cells in breast cancer became clear. The molecules involved in the linkages between platelets and leukocytes may be possible therapeutic targets.
MAMMOGRAPHY SCREENING IN A STATE OF MIDWESTERN BRAZIL: AN ECOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Soares Leonardo Ribeiro , Corrêa Rosangela da Silveira , Rahal Rosemar Macedo Sousa , Rodrigues Danielle Cristina Netto , Bastos Suzana Alves , Tanaka Rodrigo Massakatsu Nishiharu , Marins Lucy Aparecida Parreira , Freitas-Junior Ruffo
Published: February 2022

Objective: To evaluate breast cancer screening according to demographic data, number, and geographical distribution of mammography units, screening coverage, and technology available. Method: This is an ecological study carried out among diagnostic centers with functioning mammography machines. We included all centers offering mammography in 2019. Correlations between the municipal human development index (HDI) and breast screening coverage were evaluated and the age of available equipment was compared between the public (SUS) and the private healthcare sector. Results were compared with a 2008 study. Results: In Goiás, 164 mammography units were operational, with 66 (40%) serving the SUS. Overall, the proportion of women/unit was 7,008/1 aged 40–69 years and 3,949/1 for women aged 50–69 years. Approximately 400,896 scans were performed — a mean of 200 scans/month (5–1,000) or 9 scans/day. Screening coverage was 83.2%, with 17.1% of these scans being performed within the SUS. The HDI correlated moderately but not significantly with screening coverage. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean age of the equipment between the SUS (14.29±7.79 years) and the private sector (15.17±7.67 years). When compared with the 2008 results, there was a decrease in the percentage of conventional units from 75.7% to 6%, an increase in computed radiography systems from 24.3% to 86.7%, and the introduction of digital radiography (7.3%). Conclusions: In 2019, breast-screening coverage in Goiás reached 83.2%, with 17.1% being conducted within the SUS. The geographical distribution of mammography units is heterogeneous and productivity is low. Compared with 2008, availability is increased and the standard of the equipment is improved.
THIRD AND FOURTH IPSILATERAL AND CONTRALATERAL PRIMARY BREAST CANCER IN A COHORT OF WOMEN TREATED FROM 2000 TO 2015 AT AC CAMARGO CANCER CENTER
Authors: Rocha Ariane Silva da , Curado Maria Paula , Fernandes Gisele Aparecida
Published: February 2022

This study aims to describe the clinical and pathological characteristics in women with breast cancer with three or four ipsilateral and contralateral malignant tumors. The second primary malignant neoplasm of the breast is a condition in which the frequency of occurrence is around 50%, mainly in young women. The occurrence of the third and fourth neoplasms is rare, between 0.73% and 11.7%. This is a retrospective cohort study of women with breast cancer from 2000 to 2015. We identified 375 women with second primary breast tumor, of which 6 (1.6%) had three and four new primary breast cancer. Of the six cases with three and four neoplasms, three cases occurred in the QIE (lower left quadrant), overlapping lesion in two cases, and two cases in the QSE (upper left quadrant). Zero clinical and pathological staging was observed in two cases, I in two cases, IIA in two cases, and IA in one case, invasive lobular carcinoma in four cases, and invasive ductal carcinoma in three cases. The molecular subtype luminal occurred in four cases, HER2 overexpressed in three cases, estrogen receptor and HER2 were negative in three cases, and progesterone positive in three cases. The time of diagnosis between the first, third, and fourth tumor ranges from 2 to 72 months. Therefore, more studies are needed on the third and fourth malignant breast tumors as it is a rare entity in patients whose genetic and molecular characteristics are poorly known.
Frequency of endometriosis found on laparoscopic examination among females with subfertility.
Authors: Erum Memon  , Mahwish Sumreen  , Nadia  , Nazia  , Huma Baloch
Published: February 2022

Objective: To determine frequency of endometriosis and its staging found on diagnostic laparoscopy for subfertility among females. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jinnah Medical and Dental College and Hospital Karachi. Period: August 2020 to January 2021. Material & Methods: Total 120 female cases were enrolled into the study who were admitted in the ward for diagnostic laparoscopy to determine cause of subfertility. All female patients in reproductive age having undiagnosed primary or secondary subfertility were selected using consecutive sampling technique. Those who had previously any abdominal surgery were excluded from the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS-20 software. Results were presented in the form of frequency, percentage, and mean ± standard deviation. Results: Endometriosis was diagnosed on laparoscopy in 29.1% cases as a cause of infertility. Age range of the patients in study group was 16-45 years with mean age of 27.42 ± 2.16 years. Infertility duration was ≤3 years in majority of cases (65%). Primary infertility was present in 65.7% and secondary infertility was found in 34.3% cases in study group. Most of the patients diagnosed for endometriosis were having age > 30 years. Stage-4 endometriosis was found commonly in 42.8% cases. Conclusion: Laparoscopy is a best modality for diagnosing endometriosis and its effect on fertility in future. This facility should be available in all gynecological departments for timely diagnosing endometriosis and to treat it promptly.
Frequency of Alopecia Areata with other autoimmune disorders.
Authors: Sana us Salam  , Zahid Rafiq  , Nauman Aziz  , Ahsan Anwar
Published: February 2022

Objective: To assess the frequency of alopecia areata associated with other autoimmune disorder in a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Prospective Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Dermatology GHAQ/DHQ Teaching Hospital/Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal. Period: January 2020 to December 2020. Material & Methods: A total of 24 patients fulfilling criteria were entered in the study. After taking informed consent, demographic data was recorded. History was taken and general physical and systemic examination was performed. Laboratory investigations were carried out where needed, for determination of factors associated with alopecia areata. Results: This study comprised of 24 patients with male n=12 (50%) and female n=12 (50%) in equal ratio 1:1. Mean age of patients of alopecia areata with SD was 19.75 ± 9.90 years. Most of the study patients were unmarried n=17 (70.8%). More than two third of patients had mild and moderate severity of disease n=18 (75%). Most common autoimmune disorder associated with alopecia areata was Diabetes Mellitus n=6 (20.9%) followed by atopic dermatitis n=3 (12.5%), anemia n=3 (12.5%) and thyroid disorders (hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism) n=2 (8.3%). The p value in various autoimmune diseases was found to be non-significant. (> 0.05). Conclusion: Patients presenting with alopecia areata may have associated other autoimmune disorders which needs to be investigated, thus helping in the management of disease.
Correlation of HBA 1C and duration of diabetes mellitus with grades of diabetic foot.
Authors: Muhammad Najam Iqbal  , Shahbaz Ahmad  , Aliya Shaima  , M. Rehman Gulzar
Published: February 2022

Objective: To find the correlation of HbA 1c and duration of diabetes mellitus with grades of diabetic foot according to Wagner classification. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur. Period: May 2020 to April 2021. Material & Methods: 100 patients of 25-65 years of age with diabetic foot who presented in OPD or emergency department were included in study. Wounds of the diabetic foot were graded according to Wagner classification. HbA1c (Glycosylated haemoglobin) level was measured and duration of diabetes mellitus was calculated. SPSS Version 20 was used to analyze the data. Correlation of HbA1c and duration of diabetes mellitus with grades of diabetic foot was calculated and the chi- square test was applied, and results were considered significant where p value was ≤ 0.05. Results: The mean age was 51.46 ± 10.51. There were 70 male patients and 30 female patients. Mean value of HbA1c was 8.31±2.02. Neuropathy (52%) was the most common among risk factors for diabetic foot. Correlation between level of HbA1c and grades of diabetic foot was not significant (p value of 0.346). There was significant correlation between duration of disease and Wagner grades (p value was 0.003). Conclusion: Severity of diabetic foot is not correlated with HbA1c level but it is significantly related with duration of DM. Peripheral neuropathy is the main risk factor for diabetic foot.
NIŠKA AKCIONARSKA ŠTEDIONICA 1885–1941.
Authors: Becić Ivan , Antić Dejan
Published: February 2022

U poslednje dve decenije 19. veka u Kraljevini Srbiji osnovan je veliki broj lokalnih novčanih zavoda. Ove ustanove postale su nosilac investiranja u privredu jer državne finansije to nisu omogućavale. Osobenost organizovanja bankarskog tržišta u Srbiji bila je ta da su banke nastale ne zbog viška novca na tržištu već upravo iz suprotnog razloga, zbog njegovog nedostatka. Rad novčanih zavoda posle Prvog svetskog rata nastavljen je ne samo u novoj državi već i u potpuno drugačijim okolnostima. U članku je, prvenstveno na osnovu arhivske građe, ali i objavljenih izvora i relevantne literature prikazan rad Niške akcionarske štedionice, kao primer rada novčanih zavoda na istoku države koji se nisu našli u situaciji da zatraže zaštitu zbog moratorijuma na otplatu zemljoradničkih kredita tokom tridesetih godina 20. veka u Jugoslaviji. Njihov rad je, međutim, bio krajnje ograničen, što zbog ekonomske krize koja je ograničavala mogućnosti za poslovanje, što usled osobenih prilika u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji.
SLIKA JOSIPA FRANKA U HRVATSKOJ ISTORIOGRAFIJI I PUBLICISTICI: PREGLED DOSADAŠNJIH INTERPRETACIJA
Authors: Ćurčić Petar
Published: February 2022

U radu su analizirane interpretacije hrvatske istoriografije i publicistike o Josipu Franku (1844–1911), hrvatskom političaru, pravniku i nacionalnom radniku na prelazu iz 19. u 20. vek. Na osnovu prikazanog uočeno je da o ovom političaru postoji nekoliko istoriografskih predstava. Prva, i svakako najdugovečnija, potekla je od starije hrvatske istoriografije koja je negativno vrednovala Frankovu ulogu u političkom životu. Druga, podjednako dugo prisutna, svesno je, premda iz različitih političkih i ideoloških motiva, zanemarivala Franka. Na kraju, treća, i najrecentnija, afirmativno predstavlja Frankovu ulogu u hrvatskom političkom životu i u današnje vreme ona je dominantna u hrvatskoj istoriografiji.
A VIEW ON ALBANIAN-YUGOSLAV RELATIONS DURING 1922-1923
Authors: Kadria Sali
Published: February 2022

This scientific article aims to reflect some of the aspects of Albanian-Yugoslav relations in the years 1922-1923. During this period, there were two options facing the political leaders in Albania: Orienting their country toward Italy or the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, as the two countries that were interested the most on the Albanian issue. Albanian-Yugoslav relations during these years were affected by several factors, such as: the Albanian issue in Kosovo and other ethnic areas located within the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes; the Italo-Yugoslav rivalry in Albania, as well as the orientation of the various Albanian political groups in Albania in relation to its neighboring countries.