bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Counselling program of Jeju NationaI University SchooI of Medicine
Authors: Lee Keun-hwa
Published: May 2022

To review the activities of counselling program of Jeiu National University School of Medicine, and suggest better system for improving student's mental health. The study reviewed data of counselling program from 2005 to 2008. Distribution of student's grade. their reason for counselling. contact methods was reviewed. The number of those who had counselling was most common in the 1st and 2nd grade of medical students. Most common reason for counselling was daily stress and the problems with study methods , concern about future course was followed. Profession who are fully responsible for counselling program and enlarge the budget for The program are needed to accommodate growing needs of counselling and improve mental health status and encourage heathy school life.
Correlates of dementia among subjects of the national dementia screening and registration program
Authors: Lee Chang-ln
Published: May 2022

To determine the correlates of dementia among the subjects of the National Dementia Screening and Registration Program. A total of 536 subjects were included as they are decided to have to have a further evaluation for dementia. CERAD-K, MMSE-KC, BDS-ADL, K-GDS were used 10 check cognitive function and activity of daily Iiving, and depression and finally to diagnose dementia. mutliple logistic regression analysis was done to investigate correlates of dementia. The lower the education years the higher the risk of having dementia(OR=0.893, 95% CI 0.808-0.985) ,and those persons who are inslit내ionalized were 11.433 times (95% CI 1.546-84.570) more Iikely to have dementia diagnosis. 1t is needed to extend life long education programs such as the elder's college for preventing dementia and social support system that could prevent institutionalization
Trends of pediatric mycoplasmal pneumonia and its coinfection with bacteria or respiratory viruses in Jeju, 2007-2009
Authors: Jung Hee Cheul , Hong Jung Yun
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate trends of mycoplasmal pneumonia and its coinfection with bacteria or respiratory viruses over the period 2007-2009 in Jeju and to confirm the necessity of bacterial culture tests and viral PCR tests in mycoplasmal pneumonia patients. This study was performed by analysing the records of 3898 pediatric patients who visited Jeju National University Hospital with pneumonia diagnosed and got anti-mycoplasmal antibody tests or Pneumobacter PCR from January 2007 to December 2009. The patients diagnosed as mycoplasmal pneumonia were 625 (16.0%). The highest incidence of age was between 2 and 5 years old (58.7%) and the sex ratio was 1:1.2. Monthly distribution of patients was high in the first hall in 2007, in the second half in 2009, and even in 2008. 150 (24.0%) of mycoplasmal pneumonia patients received bacterial culture tesls for their respiratory secretions and 39 (26.0%) among them were coinfected with more than one bacterium. There were 21 (51%) Streptococcus pneumonia, 10 (25%) Staphylococcus aureus, 5 (12%) Streptococcus pyogenes, and 5 (12%) the others. 78 (12.5%) of mycoplasmal pneumonia patients received respiratory virus multiplex PCR tests for their respiratory secretions and 42 (53.8%) among them were coinfected with more than one virus. There were 11 (20%) influenza viruses, 10 (18%) parainfluenza viruses, 9 (17%) of each adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus(RSV), 7 (13%) of each melapneumovirus and rhinovirus A, and 1 (2%) coronavirus. The results said that trends of mycoplasmal pneumonia in Jeju were similar to that of other areas, and the rate of coinfection with bacteria or respiratory viruses was relatively high. The coinfection with bacteria and viruses are not uncommon in mycoplasmal pneumonia, so bacterial culture tests and viral PCR tests for respiratory secretion in diagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumonia is considered necessary.
Pharmacotherapy in depressive disorders of the elderly
Authors: Lee Chang In , Kim Moon Doo
Published: May 2022

Late-life depression is a public health problem of great concern these days. To facilitate the drug treatment of depressive disorders in the elderly, it is very important to understand the differences of clinical features, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics between about and the elderly. We reviewed the clinical characteristics of depression in the elderly and several critical aspects in pharmacological treatment of late-onset depression compared to that of early-onset depression.
Chemosensitizing effects of 8 Jeju plants in HL-60/MX2 cell
Authors: Hyun Jae-Hee , Boo Hye-Jin , Hong Ji-young , Kang Jung-Il , Kim Sang-Cheol , Yoo Eun-sook , Kang Hee-Kyoung
Published: May 2022

One of the major problems in chemotherapy is multidrug resistance (MDR) against anticancer drugs and MDR in cancer cells can lead to chemotherapeutic failure. To overcome MDR, in the study, we investigated the chemosensitizing effectsof 8 Jeju plants in HL-60/MX2 cell, ahuman HL-60 leukemia cell line selected for resistance to mitoxantrone (MX). When HL-60/MX2 cells were treated with 100 ㎍/㎖ of eight plant extracts, Amaranthus mangostanus, Osmanthus heterophylla, Staphylea bumalda and Vicia angustifolia var. segetitis increased MX accumulation in HL-60/MX2 cells by 20.20 %, 19.56 %, 32.84 % and 24.67 %. The present results suggest promising indications for further development of these plant extracts as chemosensitizing agents.
Effect of Orostachys iwarenge Hara on the proliferation of dermal papilla ceIls
Authors: Kang Jung-Il , Kim Sang-Cheol , Hyun Jae-Hee , Boo Hye-Jin , Hong Ji-Young , Yoo Eun-Sook , Kang Hee-kyoung
Published: May 2022

In this study, we investigated the hair-growth effect ofplants growing in Jeju by the proliferation of dermal papilla cells. Dermal papilla cells are specialized mesenchymal cells that located at the bulb region of hair follicles. The cells play crucial roles in hair formation, growth, and cycling. When immortalized vibrissa dermal papilla cells were treated with several extracts, the extract of Orostachys iwarenge Hara increased proliferation of immortalized vibrissa dermal papilla cells. These results suggest that O. iwarenge extract has the potential to promote hair growth via the proliferation of dermal papilla.
Use of Botuliunum toxin in the intractable post-herpetic neuralgia
Authors: Park Jong Cook , Choi Yun Suk
Published: May 2022

We report a case of an 75 year old woman who suffered from severe pain with neuropathic characteristics due to post herpetic neuralgia which was refractory to different convention therapies. The pain was improved by single Botulinum toxin type A injection. The analgesia (burning pain, shooting pain) tasted 2 months. Botulinum toxin injection was effective and was no side effect.
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa showing esophageal stricture
Authors: Kim Jae-Wang
Published: May 2022

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa(DEB) is characterized by frequent erosive hemorrhagic bulla, scarring, malformation of hair, nail and tooth, acral deformity and considerable morbidity. Especially, DEB with recessive inheritance(RDEB) invariably discloses more extensive skin involvement and extracutaneous manifestation such as esophageal stricture or squamous cell carcinoma than in dominant DEB(DDEB). To the best of our knowledge, cases of RDEB accompanied by esophageal complications have been rarely reported in Korea. Herein, we report a rare case of EDEB showing esophageal fistula and stricture formation.
An abdominal actinomycosis was concurred with small intestine perforation by a suspected fishbone
Authors: Chang Weon Young
Published: May 2022

A case of an abdominal actinomycosis, seen in a 41-year-old woman, which concurred small intestine perforation suspected to be the result of a fishbone. The patient complained of able tender mass in the right lower quadrant. Explorative laparotomy was performed under a diagnosis of localized abscess. An inflammatory tumor of small intestine mesentery involving the distal ileum and cecum was treated by ileocecectomy. The resected specimen showed small intestine perforation with abscess, which was histologically diagnosed as actinomycosis but we were not able to find any fishbones. We will discuss possible pathogenesis and the therapeutic modalities.
Anesthetic experience of patient with Takayasu's arteritis
Authors: Yun So Hui , Shin Hye Young , Park Sang Hyun , Choi Yun Suk , Park Jong Cook , Lee Seung Yun
Published: May 2022

Takayasu's arteritis is a rare chronic vasculitis involving the aorta and its main branches. Anesthesia for patients with Takayasu's arteritis is complicated by their severe uncontrolled hypertension and end-organ dysfunction resulting from hypertension, stenosis of major blood vessels, and difficulties encountered in monitoring arterial blood pressure. We report a case that known Takayasu's arteritis patient 38 years old female (weight 32kg, height 142cm) required closed reduction, incision and drainage of mandible due to osteomyelitis under general analgesia.
Therapeutic induced blood pressure eJevation for the treatment of acute brain ischemia : Case report
Authors: Kim Joong Goo , Lee Jae Young , Kim Jee Young , Kang Ji-Hoon , Kang Sa-Yoon , Lee Jung Seok , Choi Jay Chol
Published: May 2022

Reperfusion of the ischemic brain is the most effective therapy for salvage of penumbral tissue in acute ischemic stroke. However, only a few patients are eligible for thrombolytic therapy due to time limit or other unavoidable contraindications for the treatment in spite of the presence of salvageable tissue. Several small clinical studies have shown that pharmacologically induced blood pressure elevation may improve neurological deficits in acute ischemic stroke, presumably by augmenting blood flow to penumbral brain tissue. We report a patient with acute ischemic stroke who showed successful recovery of neurologic deficit after therapeutic induced hypertension. A 69 years old man presented with acute ischemic stroke due to atherothrombotic occlusion of right internal carotid artery. Initial cranial MRI showed significant perfusion-diffusion mismatch. The patient showed progressive deterioration despite intravenous thrombolysis. Induced hypertension therapy with phenylephrine was started toincrease cerebral blood flow to ischemic brain tissue. Affer elevation of blood pressure, the patient's condition recovered markedly. There was no complication associated with induced hypertension. Drug induced hypertension therapy can be helpful in selected patients with acute ischemic stroke who had perfusion-diffusion mismatch on MRI due to severe stenosis or occlusion of large cerebral arteries.
The Significance of Team Work in treating of Craniofacial Anomaly
Authors: Kim Kwang Sik , Sim Ki Bum , Lee Chang Sub , Huh Ji Soon , Park Jung Cheol , Kim Jae Wang , Kim Jung Hong , Hyo Choi Seung , Lim Gil Chai , Kim Sung Jun , Paek Kyung Won , Yun Byung Min
Published: May 2022

Craniofacial anomaly is rare and it is very difficult to treat. When we treat the patient various fields of medicine are needed so it is essential to organize the team.
Management of frontal sinus fracture
Authors: Kim Kwang Sik , Sim Ki Bum , Kim Jung Hong , Choi Seung Hyo , Lim Gil Chai , Yun Byung Min
Published: May 2022

Management of frontal sinus fracture is still controversal and difficult to treatment. So authors review the management of frontal sinus fracture.
Polysaccharides with zwitterionic charge motifs of Bacteroides fragili can affect both the development and homeostasis of the mammalian immune system
Authors: Lee Keun-Hwa
Published: May 2022

Bacterial colonization of the intestine is critical for the normal function of the mammalian immune system. Polysaccharides are characterized as T-cell-independent antigens that are not typically recognized by the full array of immune cells-specifically T cells. However， Bacteroides fragilis zwitterionic polysaccharides charge motifs are processed and presented by the MHC class ll pathway and activate T cells. Namely， Polysaccharide A (PSA) is capable of activating T cell-dependent immune responses that can affect both the development and homeostasis of the host immune system. This molecule also stimulates the innate immune system as a ligand for Toll-like receptor 2 and as such promotes interactions with the adaptive immune system that are required for T cell activation. The study of PSA reveal that polysaccharides of the bacterial microbiota can affect both the development and homeostasis of the mammalian immune system.
Side-effects of antihypertensive drugs
Authors: Joo Seung-Jae
Published: May 2022

Each antihypertensive drug has different major side-effects. and practice guidelines describe the absolute and relative contraindications of antihypertensive drugs. Sometimes patients taking antihypertensive drugs complain of minor side- effects, resulting in the obstacle to the adequate control of blood pressure. and poor compliance. Although old drugs such as diuretics or beta-blockers have unavoidable. dose-related side-eflects，new drugs such as calcium antagonists，angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors，or angiotensin receptor blockers are relatively well-tolerated. Not only short-term side-effects ，but tong-term safety of antihypertensive drug must be considered in individual prescription. Low-dose combination therapy is a recommended strategy to minimize the side-effects of anti-hypertensive drugs. Short-term and long-term side-effects of diuretics ，beta-blockers ，calcium antagonists，angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors ，and angiotensin receptor blockers with be reviewed.
Development and application of 60 Hz notch filter to an interfered ECG
Authors: Lee Seung Yun , Park Jong Cook , Park Sang Hyun , Coi Yun Suk
Published: May 2022

The ECG is processed for display by user selectable filters to reduce various artifacts. A notch filter attenuates interference from power frequency. Digital signal processing (DSP) is one of the most powerful technologies in the twenty-first-century. Despite of excellence of the DSP，it is relatively difficult for a clinician to understand the DSP. As a try to overcome this difficulty. this paper review how 60 Hz notch filter is developed and applied to an interfered ECG.
Current trend of surgical management for end-stage heart disease
Authors: Lee Seogjae
Published: May 2022

The prevalence of heart failure is increasing，and the prognosis of end-stage heart failure remains dismal. The gold-standard therapy in end-stage heart failure remains cardiac transplantation at the present time ，but there is a great excess of eligible candidates compared with the number of donor organs. Advances in mechanical support， the development of the left ventricular assist device (LVAD)，and the total artificial heart has reduced mortality and morbidity in patients awaiting transplantation，and LVADs are now approved as a strategy for destination therapy. Minialurlzalion， increased device durability，and complete implantabilily may render LVADs an option in earlier stages of heart failure，as a bridge to myocardial recovery or even as a viable alternative to Transplantation. Alternative strategies under investigation are cell therapy and xeno-transplantation. ln the present article，current and potential future therapeutic options ln end-stage heart failure are reviewed.
Mechanism of ethanol-induced Purkinje cell death in developing rat cerebellum: Its implication in apoptosis and oxidative damage
Authors: Song Ji Hoon , Lee Youngki
Published: May 2022

Ethanol treatment during the brain growth spurt period has been known to induce the death of Purkinje cells. The underlying molecular mechanisms and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in triggering ethano-induced Purkinje cell death are，however， largely unresolved. We underlook TUNEL staining，Eestern blotting assay and immunohistochemistry for the cleaved Forms of caspase-3 and -9 ，with calbindin D28K double immunostaining to identify apoptotic Purkinje cells. The possibility of ROS-induced Purkinje cell death was immunohistochemically determined by using anti-8-hydroxy-2'--deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a specific cellular marker for oxidative damage. The results show thal Purkinje cell death of PD 5 rat cerebellum following ethanol administration is mediated by the activation of caspase-3 and -9. However，unexpectedly，TUNEL staining did not reveal any positive Purkinje cells while there were some TUNEL-positive cells in the internal and external granular layer. 8-OHdG was detected in the Purkinje cell layers at 8 h，peaked al 12-24 h，but not at 30 h post-Ethanol treatment. No 8-0HdG immunoreactive cells were detected in the internal and external granular layer. The lobule-specific S-QHdG staining patterns following ethanol exposure are consistent with thal of ethanol-induced Purkinje cell loss. Thus. we suggest that ethanol-induced Purkinje cell death may not occur by the classical apoptotic pathway and oxidative damage is involved in ethanol-induced Purkinje cell death in the developing cerebellum.
Clinico-pathologic Analysis of Scrotal Dermatitis-mimicking Secondary Syphilis
Authors: Kim Jae-Wang
Published: May 2022

Secondary syphilis may represent as a variety of mucocutaneous lesions, which has led to its reputation as the "great imitator or great impersonator". There have been few published case reports of secondary syphilis masquerading as scrotal dermatitis in Western countries. Herein, we retrospectively analyzed the clinico-histopathological data of 11 cases of secondary syphilis mainly invading the scrotum. Mean age was 62.6 years old. The most common initial presumptive diagnosis was scrotal eczema(36.4%). ln 81.8%, there were skin lesions in another sites besides scrotum. 63.6% of the presented patients could memorize the antecedent episode of primary syphilis(hard chancre). The most common histopathologic findings(90.9%) were perivascular plasmacytoid infiltrates with endothelial swellings. Conclusively, we should maintain a high index of suspicion for secondary syphilis because this disease can present in many ways, including an eczematoid scrotal en ption.
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR 4) polymorphisms in allergic diseases patients in Jeju
Authors: Lee Su-Hyun , Choi Hyun , Lee Hye-Sook , Hong Ju-yeon , Park ji-yeon , Kim Su-Young , Hong Seong-Chul , Lee Keun-Hwa
Published: May 2022

A study was conducted to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR 4) polymorphisms in allergic diseases patients in Jeju. This study based on "a TLR 4 polymorphism is associated with asthma and reduced Iipopolysaccharide induced interleukin-12(p70) responses in Swedish children" (J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004 Sep:114(3):561-7.) With allergic subject 40 people registered in the Environmental Health Center Jeju National University School of Medicine (atopy dermatitis and allergie rhinitis, asthma) and 24 people control group DNA used gene amplification and base sequence analyzed. The allergic subject and control group all TLR 4 (Asp299Gly) polymorphism were not visible.
A case of esophageal perforation with pneumomediastinum by a fish bone (Chromis notata) impaction
Authors: Kang Dong Gu , Song Hyun Joo , Choi Eun Kwang , Cho Yoo-Kyung , Kim Heung Up , Song Byung-Cheol , Jeong Sun Young
Published: May 2022

Although esophageal perforation due to foreign body is uncommon, it is a lethal problem that requires careful management because of severe complications such as mediaslinilis, empyema, tracheobronchial fistula and retroperitoneal abscess. A 77-year-old man suddenly developed right upper quadrant pain after eating fish (Chromis notata) in the morning the day before admission. Upper endoscopy revealed a 4 cm-sized fishbone impaction and it was removed by a biopsy forcep. Esophageal perforation was found at the middle esophagus. Chest computed tomography showed pneumomediastinum in the left paraaortic area, paraesophageal area, and retrothyroid area. The patient was treated with total parenteral nutrition and broad spectrum intravenous antibiotics. On the seventh day of admission, he was completely recovered and esophagogram showed no leakage of contrast dye. We report an esophageal perforation and pneumomediastinum by a fishbone (Chromis notata) impaction as popular local dish in Jeju island, which was treated successfully with conservative management.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) of DNA repair genes (hMLH1 and hMSH2) in Rheumatoid arthritis Patients and its association with rheumatoid arthritis by Smoking status
Authors: Cho Yoon-Hee , Kim Su-Young , Chung Hae-Won , Hang Seoung-Chul
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the risk factors and the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of DNA repair gene (hMLH1 and hMSH2) associated with rheumatoid arthritis by smoking status and environmental tobacco smoke(ETS). This study was planned to detect the susceptibility of the patients diagnosed by rheumatoid arthritis to the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DNA repair gene(hMLH1 and hMSH2) by smoking status and environmental tobacco smoke(ETS). The single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of DNA repair gene(hMLH1 and hMSH2) were analyzed by Dynamic allele specific hybridization(DASH) technique in rheumatoid arthritis patients and controls. The single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of DNA repair gene(hMLH1 and hMSH2) of patients were compared to those of age and sex-matched controls, which are statistically analyzed and adjusted by age, sex, smoking status, and ETS. This study showed that; The SNP of DNA repair gene hMLH1 was significantly associated with the susceptibility of rheumatoid arthritis, but that of hMSH2 was not. Differential effect of passive smoking on the association between the SNP of DNA repair gene hMSH2(CC type or CT type) and rheumatoid arthritis risk was found. It is suggested that the SNPs of DNA repair gene correlated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis by smoking status was able to be used as its susceptibility marker and further as basic data to prevent the risk factors or rheumatoid arthritis. But the larger sample studies, including a variety of SNPs of DNA repair gene will be needed.
The changes of neuronal capacitance related resting membrane potential of CA1 hippocampal neurons of rats in developmental stages
Authors: Yang Yoon-Sil , Kang Moon-Suk , Kim Sun-Hee , Eun Su-Yong , Jung Sung-Cherl
Published: May 2022

In an early developmental stage within postnatal 3 weeks, neurons in mammalian brains shows dynamic and rapid changes of prolein expression on cellular membrane, related with ion channels and receptors. Using acute slices of rat hippocampi (postnatal 7-21), change of cell capacitance measured electrophysiologically during developmental stages have been studied to find the correlation with resting membrane potentials(RMP), which are decided by ion channel expression on neuronal membrane. The change of RMP showed significant changes to be hyperpolarized during developmental periods. However, the size of neurons was not significantly increased. This result indicates that, in an early developmental stage, developmental processings of neurons may be concentrated for modulating protein/lipid ratio of cellular membranes, rather than physical developments.
Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Effects of Vanadyl Sulfate
Authors: Kim Areum Daseul , Hyun Jin-Won
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the reactive oxygen species(ROS) scavenging effects of vanadyl sulfate. Human Chang liver cells were incubated for 10 passages in media containing deionized distilled water(DDW) and vanadyl sulfate(VOSO4, 52 ㎍/L). VOSO4 at 52 ㎍/L significantly showed free radical scavenging effect of superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals in cell-tree system. Furthermore, cells treated with VOSO4 at 52 ㎍/L significantly scavenged intracellular ROS compared to cells treated with DDW, as measured by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy after staining with 2’.7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Our results demonstrated that the antioxidant effects of vanadyl sulfate are mediated by ROS scavenging.
Expression of HCNl subunits is age-dependently regulated in developing hippocampus of rats
Authors: Yang Yoon-Sil , Kang Moon-Seok , Kim Seon-Hee , Eun Su-Yong , Jung Sung-Cherl
Published: May 2022

Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels (HCN) encode hyperþolarization-activated cation current (Ih), playing regulatory roles in resting membrane properties, synaptic integration, and intrinsic exctabilities of hippocampal neurons. Expression patterns of HCN subtypes seem to be quietty variable to excitatory conditions of neurons, even though it has been previously observed that expression levels of HCN1, 2 and 4 are differentially regulated during developmental period. In the present study, we investigated expression patterns of HCN1 during an early developmental period within postnatal 3 weeks by using Western blot analysis. Inconsistent with previous reports, HCN1 expression was highest in neonatal and initial postnatal perlods, while neurons in postnatal third week revealed lower levels. This result indicates that HCN1 proteins are age dependently decreased during first postnatal 3 weeks. This finding suggests that CA1 neurons of early developmental hippocampi may have specific neuroprotective mechanisms correlated with HCN1 subunit against hyperexcitability or excitotoxic damages.
Complex regional pain syndrome and spinal cord stimulator
Authors: Choi Yun Suk
Published: May 2022

CRPS is an inflammatory and neuropathic pain disorder principally characterized by involvement of the autonomic nervous system. The general strategy in CRPS treatment is often multi-disciplinary, wilh the use of different types of medications, rehabilitation, psychologic interventions and interventional therapies.
A case of juvenile dermatomyositis with esophago-pleural fistula caused by spontaneous lower esophageal perforation
Authors: Shin Kyung-Sue
Published: May 2022

Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a multisystem disease of uncertain origin that results in nonsuppurative inflammation of striated muscle and skin. Gastrointestinal perforation including esophagus is a well-recognized complication of JDM. A one year and nine months old girl with JDM was recently seen with esophago-pleural fistula. The fistula was caused by spontaneous lower esophageal perforation near the gastro-esophageal junction. The treatment consisted of adequate drainage of perforation site, total parenteral nutrition, long-term intravenous hydrocortisone, and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Although the duration of the fistula closing was long, the fistula spontaneously obliterated without other surgical management. This is a rare case of JDM with esophago-pleural fistula caused by spontaneous lower esophageal perforation.
Anesthetic management for esophageal aσesia with σacheoesophageal fistula
Authors: Seo Hye-Won , Kim Hyun-Jung
Published: May 2022

Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula is rare congenital anomaly that resulted by failure of the tracheoesophageal septum to successfully partition the foregut into the esophagus and trachea. Anesthesiologists must recognize comorbid anomaly, maturity and pulmonary compliance. Anesthetic goals are adequate oxygenation and ventilation, prevention of aspiration, avoidance of gastric distension and maintenance of body temperature. This report describes the anesthetic experience of esophageal atresia repair in 3-day-old neonate.
Clinical diagnosis and treatment of late-onset hypogonadism
Authors: Huh Jung-Sik , Kim Young-Joo , Kim Sung Dae
Published: May 2022

Testosterone is the principal androgen in the human male. The decline of testosterone with aging was recognized to be associated with a number of symptoms and signs that reduce the quality of life and that may even have severe, debilitating consequences. So testosterone deficiency in the aging male has become a topic of increasing interest and debate throughout the world. Clinically, late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) is diagnosed by the presence of symptoms or signs and persistent low serum testosterone levels. The benefits and risks of testosterone therapy must be clearly discussed with the patient and assessment of prostate and other risk factors considered before commencing testosterone treatment. Response to testosterone treatment should be assessed. It there is no improvement of symptoms and signs, treatment should be withdrawn and the patient investigated for other possible causes of the clinical presentations. Overall, the problem of LOH in debilitating the quality of life and well-being is real, and by following proper guidelines with attentiveness to the results of treatment trials, testosterone replacement therapy presents a safe and effective treatment option.
Formoterol has as rapid-acting bronchodilatory effect as salbutamol on the recovery from methacholine-provocating bronchial obstruction
Authors: Lee Jong Hoo , Lee Jaechun
Published: May 2022

Background: Among inhaled bronchodilators, formoterol is authorized to have rapid-onset bronchodilatory effect as well as its lastingness. In methacholine bronchial provocation test, salbutamol is frequently used for the reverse medication. We compared to the rapidity of bronchodilatory effects between salbutamol in MDl (metered dose inhaler) applied via spacer and formoterol in TurbuhalerⓇ.Methods: A randomized and open-Iabeled study. Subjects were randomized to inhale salbutamol 400ug in MDI via spacer, formoterol 9㎍ in TurbuhalerⓇ or placebo in TurbuhaferⓇ, when each forced expiratory volume in 1 second falls more than 20% from baseline in bronchial provocation with methacholine. To evaluate rapidity of bronchodilatory effects, recovery times were compared.Results: The recovery times were 5.28±3.70 min in salbutamol group, 5.78±4.16 min in formoterol group, with no statistical significance (p=0.661). However, in placebo group, significant delay was observed (16.88±5.30 min. p<0.01).Conclusions: Formoterol in Turbuhaler could be used as rapid-acting bronchodilatory effect as salbutamol in MDI via spacer after bronchial provocation test.
Differentiation and culture of dendritic cells from swine bone marrow cell
Authors: Park Young- Wook , Joo Hong-Gu
Published: May 2022

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells that play a critical roles in connecting innate and adaptive immunity. Allhough many studies about mouse and human DCs have been performed, those using other mammalian species including domestic animals are lacking. ln this study, we established an efficient experimental method for swine myeloid-origin DCs. Bone marrow cells (BMs) were cultured in vitro using an adequate cytokine for this purpose. BMs were harvested from bones of piglets and cultured in the presence of porcine recombinant granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for 6-10 days. And also, we tried to find optimal conditions for cryopreservation of BMs. After 6 day culture, semi-floating cells were harvested and characterized as DCs (BMDCs). Interestingly, BMDCs revealed the excellent production of TNF-alpha, a representative innate cytokine, upon Iipopolysaccharide exposure, but not the case of nitric oxide. In addition, we measured the expression level of immunological markers on the surface of BMDCs. Taken together, we established an efficient experimental method for swine myeloid-origin DCs. The information obtained from this study includes optimal culture conditions and thus may help researchers studying swine immunity in basic scientific and-clinicalfields.
Update on Management of Ear discharge
Authors: Ahn Sang Hyun , Kim Jeong Hong , Kim Se-Hyung
Published: May 2022

Ear discharge (otorrhea) could arise from various sources (i.e. external ear, middle ear, or mastoid cavity) and could be due to a number of etiologies. Diagnostic considerations and subsequent treatment plans are generally directed by the type (i.e. clear, mucoid, purulent, or bloody), the nature (i.e. acute, chronic, or pulsatile) and the source of the otorrhea, the age of the patient, and the presence of other symptoms such as otalgia, hearing loss, associated systemic disease, or symptoms. The objectives of this study are to review the different types of otorrheato and to introduce an update on the management of ear discharge.
Radiation exposure among emergency healthcare providers by portable radiograph
Authors: Kang Young Joon
Published: May 2022

Purpose: The healthcare providers in emergency department(ED) are vulnerable to radiation exposure by portableradiographs. But there are few studies that showed the difference between professions and the radiologic technicians. Thisstudy was conducted to measure radiation exposure level to portable radiography equipment, for the healthcare providers, inED.Methods: A prospective study was conducted from July 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010 at the ED. Each worethermoluminescent personal radiation dosimetry monitors at near the heart while working in the ED. We estimated the radiationexposure dose of these healthcare providers in ED for six months and compared the results with those obtained for theworkers in the radiology department.Results: The radiation exposure of three types of portable radiographs(Chest, C-spine, Pelvis) was rapidly decreased bydiameter from the beam. The total radiation exposure of over 6 months goes as follows; nurse(0.022±0.008 mSv), emergencyphysicians(0.388±0.735 mSv), emergency medical technicians(0.320±0.217 mSv), intern(0.267±0.478 mSv), resident(0.20±0mSv). The average exposure does of the healthcare providers in the ED was lower than that of radiologic technicians(0.122±0.339 vs 0.455±0.654 mSv, p=0.007) but the difference of radiation exposure among interns, emergency physicians,and radiologic technician was not statistically significant(0.267±0.47 vs 0.388±0.735 vs 0.513±0.692 mSv, p=0.101).Conclusion: The average of radiation exposure among emergency healthcare providers by portable radiography equipmentwas 0.1222mSv, and there was no interprofessional difference between the physicians and the other groups. But managementof radiation exposure in healthcare providers is important because total radiation exposure of the emergency physicians and theintern shows exposure to a lot of radiation as observed in the radiologic technologists.
The Advantages of Scalp as a Donor Site of Thin Skin Graft
Authors: Kim Sum , Yun Byung Min
Published: May 2022

Thin skin grafts taken from the thigh or buttock take a long time to heal and leave permanent scars. A 10 year old femalepatient had a burn scar contracture on left upper thigh. Split thickness skin graft was harvested from the scalp and appliedover the released scar surface. Epithelization of donor site began from the post operation 7th day. The scalp skin graft waswell- taken without complications. The rapid healing time and hairs of the scalp provides less pain and no visible scar.
Moyamoya syndrome associated with tuberous sclerosis
Authors: Park Sun Woo , Lee Jung Seok
Published: May 2022

Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is an autosomal dominant disorder with multisystem clinical manifestations. Very rare cases ofMoyamoya syndrome associated with tuberous sclerosis have been reported. We describe here in a 48-year-old man withtuberous sclerosis who have asymptomatic Moyamoya syndrome.
Subcutaneous Mycetoma of Pseudallescheria boydii complexes
Revealed by 18S rDNA sequencing
Authors: Park Ji Eun , Kim Young Ree , Kang Sung Ha , Kim Sun Hyung , Kim Jae-Wang , Lee Keun Hwa
Published: May 2022

Pseudallescheria ellipsoidea, one of the P. boydii complexes, is a ubiquitously isolated saprophytic fungus from soil, poultry,cattle, sewage, and polluted water. It is known to cause various diseases such as subcutaneous mycetoma in immunocompetentindividuals and sepsis in immunocompromized patients. We experienced a case of cutaneous P. ellipsoidea infection in a 79-year-old man. He was taking medication for diabetes mellitus and heart disease and visited our dermatologic outpatient clinicwith violet-colored, nontender, fluctuating, keratotic, conglomerated plaques on the right forearm. Skin biopsy was consistentwith foreign body reaction to ruptured epidermal cyst. After skin culture, PCR and sequencing revealed P. boydii complexes,with forward sequencing showing 96% homology of P. boydii, and revere sequencing showing homology 100% of P. ellipsoidea.After the patient received fluconazole for 5 weeks, discharged with improved conditions.
Clinical results of extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation for critically ill
patients at Jeju National University Hospital
Authors: Kim Su Wan , Chang Jee Won , Lee Seogjae
Published: May 2022

Extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has the potential to rescue patients in cardiac arrest or respiratory failure.From February 2010 to August 2012, 22 patients in cardiac arrest due to acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, shock state,or respiratory failure underwent ECMO using the Capiox emergent bypass system, and we retrospectively reviewed the clinicalresults. We performed ECMO emergently for 12 patients (54.5 %), and especially six patients among them were during thecardiopulmonary resuscitation. There were five hemorrhagic complications which might be occurred from heparinization, andthree patients among them could not maintain ECMO. Eight patients of the 15 patients who were undergone a veno-arterialtype ECMO could be weaned from ECMO, and then four patients survived. On the other hand, five patients of the 7 patientswho were undergone a veno-venous type ECMO could be weaned from ECMO, and then two patients survived. The weaningrate from ECMO was 59 %, which is reasonable and relatively higher than other worldwide reports. However, the survival ratewas 27.3 % that was significantly lower. We suggest that the low survival rate despite the high weaning rate results fromindiscreet selections for ECMO patients, and more cautious indication for ECMO could improve survival rate.
Recognition of Medical Students on the Methods of Education in Clinical Clerkship
Authors: Kim Woo Jeong
Published: May 2022

This study was performed to investigate the recognition of medical students on the methods of education in clinical clerkship.Throughout the clinical clerkship of emergency medicine for 4th grade medical school, various methods of education such asclinical lecture, problem based learning, standardized patients practice, discussion on the patient-doctor-society relationship,bedside skill, and case presentation were applied for 2 weeks. The satisfaction on curriculum and recognition on the methodsof education were surveyed with questionnaire by Likert 5 step scales after clinical clerkship. Students responded positively andhad been motivated to bedside skill and standardized patients practice especially. They also evaluated that problem basedlearning and discussion on the patient-doctor-society relationship were helpful. To improve the abilities of medical students inclinical reasoning, self-directed learning, professionalism, problem solving and clinical skills, various methods of education thatmake students be interested, active, and satisfied should be considered based on the response of students.
Basics and clinical applications of the carotid ultrasound
Authors: Joo Seung-Jae
Published: May 2022

Carotid ultrasound is performed according to the steps of the recommended guideline, but the purpose of the study shouldbe considered. Screening of the carotid stenosis needs the careful examination of carotid Doppler ultrasound. To evaluate thefuture cardiovascular risk, the exact measurement of the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and careful screening for carotidplaques is required. CIMT is usually measured at the far wall of the common carotid artery just before the branching of theinternal and external carotid arteries. Mean CIMT ≥0.7 mm or max CIMT of the internal carotid artery ≥1.5 mm suggests thehigh risk group for the future cardiovascular diseases. Measurement of CIMT in already diagnosed patients with coronary arterydisease or stroke has no clinical impact. For the patients of a high risk group, common cardiovascular risk factors, such ashyperlipidemia or hypertension, should be managed according to the guidelines, and if needed, coronary angiography may beconsidered. Carotid Doppler findings suggesting the carotid artery stenosis >50% usually require further studies such as CT orMR angiography of the carotid artery to evaluate the severity.
A Survey on the Present Condition of Subjects Carrying the Unique Mutated Allele in
CYBA Gene on Jeju Island, Korea
Authors: Park Seong Hye , Kim Young Mee , Cho Moonjae , Shin Kyung-Sue
Published: May 2022

The estimated prevalence of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is between 1 in 200,000 and 1 in 250,000 individuals,with variable occurrence in different countries. According to a collation by the Korean College of Pediatric Clinical Immunology,the prevalence of CGD in Korea was 0.9 in 1,000,000 individuals. Although most regions of Korea had similar prevalence ofCGD, the prevalence of CGD on Jeju Island was a surprising 20.7 in 1,000,000 individuals. Previously, we demonstrated that allCGD patients on Jeju Island had an identical mutation in the CYBA gene. We hypothesized that the high prevalence of CGD onJeju Island is associated with an identical mutation inherited from a common ancestor or proband. In this study, we developedhighly sensitive assay using mutation-specific primers to detect the unique mutation in the CYBA gene on Jeju Island. Weinvestigated the frequency of subjects carrying the unique mutated allele in CYBA gene. Circa 700 subjects from Seogwipo City(~0.5% of the population of Seogwipo City) were enrolled, 1.1% of whom had the CYBA mutated allele. A significant differencewas observed between the expected and calculated numbers in the population of Seogwipo City (~2% of the population) byHardy?Weinberg equilibrium. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the frequency at which this mutant allele occurs in thepopulation of Jeju Island.
Introduction of the Method to Regulate Protein Expression Using Sindbis-viral Infection in
Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures of Rats for Electrophysiological Studies.
Authors: Kim Kyeong-Deok , Jung Sung-Cherl
Published: May 2022

There are several in-vitro preparations of brain tissue for electrophysiological researches. In this paper, we introduce anorganotypic slice culture preparation and its efficiency for viral infection to manipulate the expression of specific proteins inhippocampal neurons. Using Sindbis virus is very useful for electrophysiological studies because of its high infection efficiencywith channel proteins in hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, the organotypic slice culture of hippocampus of rodents exhibits agreat benefit in both optical images and electrophysiological recordings as they are clearly thinner than 100 μm and showhyper-connectivity of synapses. In the present paper, we discussed about the effective combination of organotypic slice cultureand viral infection with rat hippocampi, and in last, introduced some technical know-how to enhance the infection rate. Thismethod helps investigators to easily modify target proteins in neurons of mammalian central nervous system.
Anesthetic Management of Patient with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Choi Yong Hwan , Yun Byung Min , Kim Hyun Jung
Published: May 2022

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a hereditary disorder which is characterized by progressive muscle weakness. Specialconcern is needed in these patients during anesthesia, because cardiac and pulmonary systems are commonly involved, andfetal complications may be happen by anesthetics such as succinylcholine or volatile agents. This is a case report of a 5-yearoldboy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy who underwent repair surgery for nasal bone fracture under general anesthesia.
Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Recovery After three Times Burr Hole Drainage
in Elderly Patient
Authors: Kwon Soo Jin , Chung You-Nam
Published: May 2022

Chronic subdural hematoma is more common in elderly groups and burr hole drainage has been widely used to treatmentmodality. Sometimes, experiences a recurrence after operation in elderly patient. The authors have the experience recurrenceoccurred after two times operations and than sucessful treatment after three times burr hole drainage. This report describes theneurosurgical experience of burr hole drainage on chronic subdural hematoma in elderly patient.
Fatal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage after Spontaneous Recanalization of Basilar Artery
Embolism: Case Report
Authors: Oh Jung-Hwan , Jwa Seung Joo , Lee Jung-Seok , Song Sook-Keun , Kang Sa-Yoon , Kang Ji-Hoon
Published: May 2022

A 71-year-old man presented suddenly loss of consciousness 5 days after multiple cerebral infarcts in posterior circulationdue to basilar artery embolism. Brain CT angiography revealed extensive subarachnoid hemorrhages(SAH) with basilar arteryrecanalization. This case suggests that SAH is able to be induced by the hyperperfusion syndrome, owing to spontaneousrecanalizations of the occlusive vessels.
Prevalence Study About Allergic Conjunctivitis in Third and Fourth Grade Elementary
School Children
Authors: Kim Seon-Do , Lee Sun Ho , Lee Hye Jin , Lee Keun-Hwa , Lee Hye-Sook , Hong Sung-Chul , Jeong Jinho
Published: May 2022

Purpose : The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of allergic conjuctivitis among Korean school-age childrenas well as to assess the difference between residential areas in Jeju island.Method : 631 children of 3rd and 4th grade elementary school from six elementary schools in Jeju island were recruited.Participants filled out questionnaires on allergic conjunctivitis symptoms. Diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis was diagnosed whenslit-lamp examination of conjunctival injection and conjunctival papilla were observed. Europe mites, Humulus japonicus, CitrusRed Mite, Japanese cedar on the skin prick test were performed. Segment netrophill, lymphocyte, eosinophil, basophil, ECP,total IgE allergy blood tests were performed. One-way ANOVA test was carried out to assess difference of allergic conjunctivitisprevalence between each school. Bivariate Pearson correlation analysis about allergic conjunctivitis and blood test and skinprick test results was made.Results : The overall prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis in the 10-11 year-old children was 18.8% (95% confidence interval;17.1~20.5%). The mean prevalence of each subgroup was 15.3% (N=359) in north area, 36.3% (N=80) in west area, 10.6%(N=45) in east area, and 20.1% (N=147) in south area. Prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis in Jeju island was statisticallysignificant for each regional group. For allergic conjunctivitis, skin prick test and blood tests showed no significant correlation.Conclusion : This study was able to confirm the prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis in third and fourth grade of elementaryschool students in Jeju for the first time. The overall prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis (18.8%) was similar with other previousreports carried on Koreans childhood residents. This study was based on slit lamp examination findings, which was uniquefindings compared with previous studies based on questionnaires.
Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Plating(Locking Compression Plate) of Distal Tibial
Fractures in Children - 4 cases-
Authors: Bak Ji Won , Shin Sung Jin , Choi Sung Wook , Seo Kyu-Bum
Published: May 2022

Distal tibia fractures in children are rare and surgical treatments are not well known. Distal tibia fractures with concomitantfibular fracture are caused by high-energy injury in most cases and it makes surgical treatment difficult due to soft tissue injuryand instability of fracture fragments.So, we report 4 cases, who were diagnosed as unstable distal tibia fracture, and underwent percutaneous plating byLCP(locking compression screw), and were followed-up for more than 1 year.