bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reaching the unreached: effectiveness and satisfaction with community-directed distribution of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for preventing malaria in pregnancy in rural South-East, Nigeria
Authors: Okedo-Alex Ijeoma Nkem , Akamike Ifeyinwa Chizoba , Alo Chihurumnanya Nwachi , Agu Adaoha Pearl , Nzeh Chinyere Benedicta , Ndukwe Chinwendu Daniel , Okoro Odii Ogonna , Abateneh Dejene Derseh , Uneke Chigozie Jesse
Published: November 2020

Background

Innovative community strategies to increase intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) coverage is advocated particularly in rural areas, where health infrastructure is weakest and malaria transmission highest. This study involved proof-of-concept implementation research to determine satisfaction with and effectiveness of community-directed distribution of IPTp-SP on uptake among pregnant women in Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

Methods

This before-and-after study was carried out in 2019 in a rural community in Ebonyi State Nigeria. The intervention involved advocacy visits, community-wide sensitizations on malaria prevention, house-to-house directly observed IPTp-SP administration, and follow-up visits by trained community-selected community-directed distributors (CDDs). Monthly IPTp-SP coverage was assessed over 5 months and data analysed using SPSS version 20.

Results

During the study, 229 women received the first dose of IPTp while 60 pregnant women received 5 or more doses of IPTp. The uptake of ≥ 3 IPTp doses increased from 31.4% before the community-directed distribution of IPTp to 71.6% (P < 0.001) by the fourth month post-initiation of the community-directed distribution of IPTp. Sleeping under insecticide-treated net (ITN) the night before the survey increased from 62.4 to 84.3% (P < 0.001) while reporting of fever during pregnancy decreased from 64.9 to 17.0% (P < 0.001). Although antenatal clinic utilization increased in the primary health centre serving the community, traditional birth attendants and patent medicine vendors in the community remained more patronized. Post-intervention, most mothers rated CDD services well (93.6%), were satisfied (97.6%), and preferred community IPTp administration to facility administration (92.3%).

Conclusion

Community-directed distribution of IPTp-SP improved uptake of IPTp-SP and ITN use. Mothers were satisfied with the services. The authors recommend sustained large-scale implementation of community-directed distribution of IPTp with active community engagement.
Fakes and chemicals: indigenous medicine in contemporary Kenya and implications for health equity
Authors: Howland Olivia
Published: November 2020

Background

Access to effective biomedical treatments for humans and livestock in Kenya is far from universal. Indigenous healing has a significant role to play in contemporary society in Kenya, yet access is not the only reason for this. Beliefs surrounding the composition of biomedicines, people’s experiences of biomedical care, and issues of counterfeit biomedicines sold over the counter have led to patients seeking care outside of biomedical institutions.

Methods

This study explores local realities of treatment seeking in one rural and one urban study site, for both humans and their livestock, including when, where and how people access certain types of medicines. Using an ethnographic approach to interviews, focus groups and observations, I explore the role that indigenous healing, both herbal and occasionally spiritual, plays within this context with healers and community members.

Results

Indigenous healing remains important for many people due to their mistrust and suspicion of biomedicine and big pharma. Their interactions with the healer or doctor, and the equity of these interactions, influence their decisions whether to access herbal or biomedical care, or a combination of the two. Indigenous healing bridges the gap many people experience when they are unable to access biomedical treatments and effectively creates a broader, more equitable coverage for healthcare. The plurality of reasons surrounding decision making is complex, but it is clear that many people often use indigenous healing, improvements in the regulation of both formulas and practice would assist people to access more effective treatment.

Conclusions

Indigenous healing is an important way in which Kenyans in rural and urban areas access healthcare for themselves and their animals. Issues of counterfeit biomedicines have led to broad mistrust and people favour indigenous healing, depending on the illness or severity of symptoms. Indigenous healing is a vital way in which people in underserved rural and urban populations access care. Herbal medicines and indigenous healing are trusted due to the greater transparency in their creation, and the more equitable relationship between indigenous doctor and patient. The study demonstrates that a pluralistic system is appropriate to increasing equity in access to healthcare in both urban and rural settings, as well as the importance of biomedical care providers respecting indigenous healing and viewing it with legitimacy. By taking a One Health perspective to understand the intersection of humans, livestock and the environment, we can better understand critical aspects affecting decision making for treatment and implications for healthcare equity in a rapidly changing world.
Oral health in asthmatic patients: a review
Authors: Gani Federica , Caminati Marco , Bellavia Fabio , Baroso Andrea , Faccioni Paolo , Pancera Paolo , Batani Veronica , Senna Gianenrico
Published: November 2020

Different drugs used to treat asthma, such as beta 2 agonists and inhaled steroids, may promote a higher risk of caries, dental erosion, periodontal disease and oral candidiasis. This article reviews the evidences of mechanisms involved in oral diseases in patients affected by asthma. The main mechanism involved is the reduction of salivary flow. Other mechanisms include: acid pH in oral cavity induced by inhaled drugs (particularly dry powder inhaled), lifestyle (bad oral hygiene and higher consumption of sweet and acidic drinks), gastroesophageal reflux, and the impairment of local immunity. In conclusion asthma is involved in the genesis of oral pathologies both directly and indirectly due to the effect of the drugs used to treat them. Other cofactors such as poor oral hygiene increase the risk of developing oral diseases in these patients. Preventive oral measures, therefore, should be part of a global care for patients suffering from asthma.
Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia improves markers of iron metabolism in a model of dietary-induced obesity
Authors: Cui Fang , Guo Jing , Hu Hao-Fei , Zhang Yi , Shi Min
Published: November 2020

Background

Obesity, a risk factor for many chronic diseases, is a potential independent risk factor for iron deficiency. Evidence has shown that chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) has protective or improved effects on cardiovascular, nervous, metabolic and immune systems. We hypothesized that CIHH may ameliorate the abnormal iron metabolism in obesity. This study was aimed to investigate the effect and the underlying mechanisms of CIHH on iron metabolism in high-fat-high-fructose-induced obese rats.

Methods

Six to seven weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with different diet for 16 weeks, and according to body weight divided into four groups: control (CON), CIHH (28-day, 6-h daily hypobaric hypoxia treatment simulating an altitude of 5000 m), dietary-induced obesity (DIO; induced by high fat diet and 10% fructose water feeding), and DIO + CIHH groups. The body weight, systolic arterial pressure (SAP), Lee index, fat coefficient, blood lipids, blood routine, iron metabolism parameters, interleukin6 (IL-6) and erythropoietin (Epo) were measured. The morphological changes of the liver, kidney and spleen were examined. Additionally, hepcidin mRNA expression in liver was analyzed.

Results

The DIO rats displayed obesity, increased SAP, lipids metabolism disorders, damaged morphology of liver, kidney and spleen, disturbed iron metabolism, increased IL-6 level and hepcidin mRNA expression, and decreased Epo compared to CON rats. But all the aforementioned abnormalities in DIO rats were improved in DIO + CIHH rats.

Conclusions

CIHH improves iron metabolism disorder in obese rats possibly through the down-regulation of hepcidin by decreasing IL-6 and increasing Epo.
Development of a measure for patients preparing to start dialysis and their partners: The Starting Dialysis Questionnaire (SDQ)
Authors: Moore Currie , Wearden Alison , Carter Lesley-Anne , Mitra Sandip , Skevington Suzanne M.
Published: November 2020

Background

The transition onto dialysis is a stressful time that affects both patients and their partners. Research suggests that psychological and interpersonal characteristics within the couple are related to how well they adapt to dialysis. The aim of this multi-phase, mixed methods study was to develop a measure, the Starting Dialysis Questionnaire (SDQ), that is applicable to both patients and their partners and assesses their own thoughts and feelings about these constructs.

Methods

Data from semi-structured interviews with patients and their partners (n = 22 couples) were analysed using theoretical thematic analysis to identify and define constructs related to quality of life (QOL). Next, items addressing these constructs were derived from the interviews. Then, cognitive interviews were conducted with patients with chronic kidney disease and their partners (n = 5 couples) to assess the face validity and comprehensibility of the items. Lastly, preliminary psychometric properties were evaluated in a sample of patients preparing to start dialysis and their partners (n = 83 couples).

Results

Three themes related to QOL were identified, namely dialysis expectations, accepting dialysis and dyadic relationship characteristics. The cognitive interviews refined the SDQ and established its face validity. Psychometric assessments indicated that overall the items performed well and did not show significant floor or ceiling effects. Good internal consistency was found within the three domains, and items correlated within the domains.

Conclusions

The SDQ is a measure (34 items) that assesses key psychological and interpersonal factors in patients and their partners as they start dialysis. It shows good preliminary psychometric properties; however, a large-scale field trial is needed to establish its validity. Once validated, it could offer a clinically useful tool to assist clinicians in preparing patients and partners for dialysis.
NUT midline carcinoma in a young pregnant female: a case report
Authors: Joel Sebastian , Weschenfelder Friederike , Schleussner Ekkehard , Hofmann Gunther O. , Weschenfelder Wolfram
Published: November 2020

Introduction

The NUT midline carcinoma is a rare tumor mostly reported in the midline of upper aerodigestive tract and mediastinum. Children as well as adolescents are affected without a gender distribution. A standard treatment is not established. So far, there exists no reported case of a pregnant female suffering from NUT midline carcinoma with musculoskeletal manifestation.

Case presentation

A 34-year-old woman was referred to our outpatient clinic by the general practitioner during her 31st week of pregnancy suffering from shoulder pain and dyspnea. So far, dyspnea was interpreted as a typical pregnancy-related symptom. However, a chest X-ray showed a tumor mass in the right lung in close relation to the scapula. Further examinations found metastases in different areas of the body. No pregnancy-related complications were detected by obstetric examination. After an interdisciplinary perinatal case discussion, cesarean section was directly followed by an open biopsy of the right side scapula tumor lesion. A NUT midline carcinoma was diagnosed by immunohistochemistry. Due to disseminated tumor disease in multiple non-resectable locations, a palliative systemical chemotherapy was started by the oncological outpatient clinic.

Conclusion

This report presents the case of the very rare NUT midline carcinoma under pregnancy which made interdisciplinary case discussions indispensable for therapy planning.
Membranous S100A10 involvement in the tumor budding of colorectal cancer during oncogenesis: report of two cases with immunohistochemical analysis
Authors: Arai Kazumori , Ishimatsu Hisato , Iwasaki Tomohiro , Tsuchiya Chinatsu , Sonoda Akihiro , Ohata Ko
Published: November 2020

Background

Tumor budding (TB) and poorly differentiated clusters (PDCs) are a sequence of histologic findings that predict worse prognosis and node metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). TB and PDC (TB/PDC) are caused by cancer cell detachment and are distinguished by the number of cancer cells that constitute a cell cluster. In short, PDC is regarded as the previous step of TB. TB/PDC and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are closely linked, but its pathogenic mechanisms are still unclear. S100A10, a member of the S100 protein family, forms a heterocomplex with annexin A2 (ANX A2) and then translocates to cell membrane from the cytoplasm and plays various roles in cell dynamics, including plasminogen activation. S100A10 is the activation modulator of the heterocomplex and promotes cell invasion. S100A10 is involved in the remodeling of both actin and extracellular matrix (ECM), which is also associated with EMT.

Case presentation

In two representative cases of conventional advanced CRC, we immunohistochemically examined S100A10 and ANX A2 expressions in which both TB and PDC were prominent. Both CRCs metastasized to multiple regional lymph nodes. In both cases, a membranous positivity for S100A10 was diffusely found in both tumor buds and PDCs and was observed in the tumor cells protruding toward the stroma, giving rise to TB/PDC. However, even in tumor glands with TB/PDC, the tumor cells with a smooth border around the stroma showed either cytoplasmic fine-granular expression or no positivity. The immunoreactivity for ANX A2 was almost the same as that for S100A10. In the main tumor components without TB/PDC, no distinct positivity was detected at their smooth borders.

Conclusions

During oncogenesis, membranous S100A10 has the potential to be related to TB of CRC. This may be due to plasminogen activation, actin remodeling, and interaction with an altered ECM. However, further study is required to confirm this hypothesis.
HLA-A and HLA-DRB1 may play a unique role in ovarian teratoma-associated anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis
Authors: Zhao Xiaoya , Li Juan , Zhu Qian , Liang Guiling , Xia Wei , He Xiaoqing , Zhu Chenfeng , Qi Hang , Deng Bo , Chen Xiangjun , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2020

Background

Ovarian teratoma-associated anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDAR-E) is a severe autoimmune neurological disorder, and the influence of teratoma-induced autoantibodies on the pathogenesis remains unclear.

Methods

Ovarian teratoma tissues were collected from teratoma patients with and without NMDAR-E. Proteins were extracted and then analyzed using iTRAQ-coupled LC–MS/MS, which was followed by bioinformatics analysis. Candidate proteins were verified by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.

Results

In total, 36 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified between the control group and NMDAR-E group, and the bioinformatics analysis revealed that the DEPs were mainly involved in immune-related pathways, especially HLA-A and HLA-DRB1. The western blotting results for HLA-A and HLA-DRB1 were consistent with the results of the iTRAQ analysis. Additionally, the immunohistochemical data revealed that the aggregation of HLA-A (+) and HLA-DRB1 (+) cells was more apparent in the teratoma tissues of NMDAR-E patients compared with that in the tissues of controls.

Conclusion

Our investigation indicated that HLA-A and HLA-DRB1 might be involved in mediating ovarian teratoma-associated NMDAR-E. These findings provide new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms and provide information for the functional exploration of proteins in the future.
Developmental programming: gestational testosterone excess disrupts LH secretion in the female sheep fetus
Authors: Landers Renata S. M. , Padmanabhan Vasantha , Cardoso Rodolfo C.
Published: November 2020

Background

Prenatal testosterone (T) excess results in reproductive and metabolic perturbations in female sheep that closely recapitulate those seen in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). At the neuroendocrine level, prenatal T-treated sheep manifest increased pituitary sensitivity to GnRH and subsequent LH hypersecretion. In this study, we investigated the early effects of gestational T-treatment on LH secretion and pituitary function in the female sheep fetus. Additionally, because prenatal T effects can be mediated via the androgen receptor or due to changes in insulin homeostasis, prenatal co-treatment with an androgen antagonist (flutamide) or an insulin sensitizer (rosiglitazone) were tested.

Methods

Pregnant sheep were treated from gestational day (GD) 30 to 90 with either: 1) vehicle (control); 2) T-propionate (~ 1.2 mg/kg); 3) T-propionate and flutamide (15 mg/kg/day); and 4) T-propionate and rosiglitazone (8 mg/day). At GD 90, LH concentrations were determined in the uterine artery (maternal) and umbilical artery (fetal), and female fetuses were euthanized. Pituitary glands were collected, weighed, and protein level of several key regulators of LH secretion was determined.

Results

Fetal pituitary weight was significantly reduced by prenatal T-treatment. Flutamide completely prevented the reduction in pituitary weight, while rosiglitazone only partially prevented this reduction. Prenatal T markedly reduced fetal LH concentrations and flutamide co-treatment partially restored LH to control levels. Prenatal T resulted in a marked reduction in LH-β protein level, which was associated with a reduction in GnRH receptor and estrogen receptor-α levels and an increase in androgen receptor. With the exception of androgen receptor, flutamide co-treatment completely prevented these alterations in the fetal pituitary, while rosiglitazone largely failed to prevent these changes. Prenatal T-treatment did not alter the protein levels of insulin receptor-β and activation (phosphorylation) of the insulin signaling pathways.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate that prenatal T-treatment results in reduced fetal LH secretion, reduced fetal pituitary weight, and altered protein levels of several regulators of gonadotropin secretion. The observations that flutamide co-treatment prevented these changes suggest that programming during fetal development likely occurs via direct androgen actions.
Alignment and contribution of nursing doctoral programs to achieve the sustainable development goals
Authors: Mendes Isabel Amélia Costa , Ventura Carla Aparecida Arena , Silva Ítalo Rodolfo , Gir Elucir , de Almeida Emerson Willian Santos , Queiroz Artur Acelino Francisco Luz Nunes , Carrara Bruna Sordi , Fernandes Raquel Helena Hernandez , da Silva Tiago Privado , de Sousa Álvaro Francisco Lopes
Published: November 2020

Background

Different social segments from several regions of the world face challenges in order to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Nursing represents the greatest number of health workforce in the globe, dealing with these challenges in different paths, among them the training of human resources. In this context, the goal of this study was to compare the relationship between the objectives and research areas underlying nursing doctoral programs in Latin America and the SDGs.

Method

Documental research comparing data of all Latin American nursing doctoral programs and the SDGs, conducted between January and March 2020.

Results

From the total of 56 existing programs in Latin America, this study analyzed 52 of them, representing 92.8% of the total. Most nursing doctoral programs have contributed to SDG 3, in addition to goals 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12 and 16. The SDGs 11, 13, 14, 15 and 17 were not related to any of the analyzed programs. Data reveal that the training of nursing PhDs is essential to fulfilling these goals. Results also indicate a need of programs to remain committed to relationships that enhance nursing skills to cope with the current challenges in terms of global health, such as investments for the reduction of social and gender inequities.

Conclusion

The doctoral training of nurses in Latin America needs to be better aligned with the sustainable development goals (SDGs), since there is a high concentration in SDG 3. We believe that nursing will bring a greater contribution to the movement to protect planetary health as the principles governing nursing practices are better aligned with international health demands and agendas.
Do educated women in Sierra Leone support discontinuation of female genital mutilation/cutting? Evidence from the 2013 Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Yaya Sanni , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Baatiema Linus , Njue Carolyne
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) comprises all procedures that involve the total or partial elimination of the external genitalia or any injury to the female genital organ for non-medical purposes. More than 200 million females have undergone the procedure globally, with a prevalence of 89.6% in Sierra Leone. Education is acknowledged as a fundamental strategy to end FGM/C. This study aims to assess women's educational attainment and how this impacts their views on whether FGM/C should be discontinued in Sierra Leone.

Methods

We used data from the 2013 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 15,228 women were included in the study. We carried out a descriptive analysis, followed by Binary Logistic Regression analyses. We presented the results of the Binary Logistic Regression as Crude Odds Ratios (COR) and Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Most of the women with formal education (65.5%) and 15.6% of those without formal education indicated that FGM/C should be discontinued. Similarly, 35% of those aged 15–19 indicated that FGM/C should be discontinued. Women with a higher education level had a higher likelihood of reporting that FGM/C should be discontinued [AOR 4.02; CI 3.00–5.41]. Christian women [AOR 1.72; CI 1.44–2.04], those who reported that FGM/C is not required by religion [AOR 8.68; CI 7.29–10.34], wealthier women [AOR 1.37; CI 1.03–1.83] and those residing in the western part of Sierra Leone [AOR 1.61; CI 1.16–2.23] were more likely to state that FGM/C should be discontinued. In contrast, women in union [AOR 0.75; CI 0.62–0.91], circumcised women [AOR 0.41; CI 0.33–0.52], residents of the northern region [AOR 0.63; CI 0.46–0.85] and women aged 45–49 [AOR 0.66; CI 0.48–0.89] were less likely to report that FGM/C should be discontinued in Sierra Leone.

Conclusion

This study supports the argument that education is crucial to end FGM/C. Age, religion and religious support for FGM/C, marital status, wealth status, region, place of residence, mothers' experience of FGM/C and having a daughter at home are key influences on the discontinuation of FGM/C in Sierra Leone. The study demonstrates the need to pay critical attention to uneducated women, older women and women who have been circumcised to help Sierra Leone end FGM/C and increase its prospects of achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) three and five.
Prevalence and associated factors of contraceptive discontinuation among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: using 2016 Nationwide Survey Data
Authors: Mekonnen Birye Dessalegn , Wubneh Chalachew Adugna
Published: November 2020

Background

Contraceptive discontinuation for reasons other than the desire for pregnancy is associated with mistimed and unwanted pregnancies, unwanted births and unsafe abortions which has increased risks of maternal morbidity and mortality. However, research on the identification of factors that are associated with contraceptive discontinuation in Ethiopia is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of contraceptive discontinuation and associated factors among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia, using recent national survey data.

Methods

A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data analysis from of 2016, Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey. A total of 10,871 reproductive-age women were included. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 statistical package. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine significant factors of contraceptive discontinuation, and statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05.

Results

The prevalence of discontinuation for all contraceptives methods among reproductive-age women was 32.2% (95% C.I 31.2, 33.1). Rural residence (AOR = 1.94, 95% C.I 1.65, 2.28), women with no formal education (AOR = 1.68, 95% C.I 1.30, 2.17), women having no children (AOR = 1.95, 95% C.I 1.19, 3.58), husband desire for children (AOR = 2.57, 95% C.I 2.03, 3.26), women self-decision when using a contraceptive (AOR = 0.54, 95% C.I 0.38, 0.77), joint decision when using a contraceptive (AOR = 0.38, 95% C.I 0.29, 0.48), didn’t discuss about FP with healthcare worker (AOR = 1.28, 95% C.I 1.06, 1.54) and didn’t get information about side effects (AOR = 2.01, 95% C.I 1.59, 2.52) were factors significantly associated with contraceptives discontinuation.

Conclusion

The prevalence of contraceptive discontinuation among reproductive-age women was high and multiple factors determined it. Thus, counseling on side effects, availability of other contraceptive methods, and partner involvement in decision-making process by health care providers are strongly recommended. In addition, women empowerment should be promoted so that women are able to liberally decide on when and how many children they wish to have.
Microfilaria-dependent thoracic pathology associated with eosinophilic and fibrotic polyps in filaria-infected rodents
Authors: Fercoq Frédéric , Remion Estelle , Vallarino-Lhermitte Nathaly , Alonso Joy , Raveendran Lisy , Nixon Colin , Le Quesne John , Carlin Leo M. , Martin Coralie
Published: November 2020

Background

Pulmonary manifestations are regularly reported in both human and animal filariasis. In human filariasis, the main known lung manifestations are the tropical pulmonary eosinophilia syndrome. Its duration and severity are correlated with the presence of microfilariae.Litomosoides sigmodontisis a filarial parasite residing in the pleural cavity of rodents. This model is widely used to understand the immune mechanisms that are established during infection and for the screening of therapeutic molecules. Some pulmonary manifestations during the patent phase of infection withL. sigmodontishave been described in different rodent hosts more or less permissive to infection.

Methods

Here, the permissive Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) was infected withL. sigmodontis. Prevalence and density of microfilariae and adult parasites were evaluated. Lungs were analyzed for pathological signatures using immunohistochemistry and 3D imaging techniques (two-photon and light sheet microscopy).

Results

Microfilaremia in gerbils was correlated with parasite load, as amicrofilaremic individuals had fewer parasites in their pleural cavities. Fibrotic polypoid structures were observed on both pleurae of infected gerbils. Polyps were of variable size and developed from the visceral mesothelium over the entire pleura. The larger polyps were vascularized and strongly infiltrated by immune cells such as eosinophils, macrophages or lymphocytes. The formation of these structures was induced by the presence of adult filariae since small and rare polyps were observed before patency, but they were exacerbated by the presence of gravid females and microfilariae.

Conclusions

Altogether, these data emphasize the role of host-specific factors in the pathogenesis of filarial infections.
Phylogenetic analysis of Trichostrongylus vitrinus isolates from southwest Iran
Authors: Ghatee Mohammad Amin , Malek Hosseini Seyed Ali Asghar , Marashifard Masoud , Karamian Mehdi , Taylor Walter Robert , Jamshidi Ali , Mobedi Iraj , Azarmehr Hasan
Published: November 2020

Background

Trichostrongylus is one of the most important zoonotic trichostrongylid nematodes, infecting mostly livestock. Data on its genetic characteristics are lacking in Iran.

Methods

We determined the phylogenetic relationships of Trichostrongylus species in three counties of Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad (K-B) province, southwest Iran. Small intestine and abomasum of 70 sheep and goats were investigated.

Results

A total of 35 isolates of Trichostrongylus worms were detected and all were genetically identified as Trichostrongylus vitrinus. Analysis of 321 bp of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA revealed 16 genotypes. All genotypes were single nucleotide polymorphisms, including some hypervariable points. All sequences were trimmed to 170 bp, compared with sequences on GenBank including short sequences from other endemic foci of Iran and other countries and all isolates were used to generate a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree, which consisted of two clades A and B. Clade A included isolates from Iran, Russia, New Zealand, Australia and the UK; clade B only contained South African isolates. Most clade A isolates (north, southwest and west Iran, Russia, New Zealand, Australia and UK) were in a similar phylogenetic position. One subclade was detected in clade A (isolates from Southwest Iran, New Zealand and UK).

Conclusions

We hypothesize that drug resistant T. vitrinus may account for its exclusive detection in our samples. The high similarity of genotypes from Iran, New Zealand and UK may be due to their close political relationships during the colonial era. More research is needed to understand better the phylogeny of T. vitrinus and its relationship with drug resistance and human transmission.
Characterisation of mobile genetic elements in Mycoplasma hominis with the description of ICEHo-II, a variant mycoplasma integrative and conjugative element
Authors: Henrich Birgit , Hammerlage Stephanie , Scharf Sebastian , Haberhausen Diana , Fürnkranz Ursula , Köhrer Karl , Peitzmann Lena , Fiori Pier Luigi , Spergser Joachim , Pfeffer Klaus , Dilthey Alexander T.
Published: November 2020

Background

Mobile genetic elements are found in genomes throughout the microbial world, mediating genome plasticity and important prokaryotic phenotypes. Even the cell wall-less mycoplasmas, which are known to harbour a minimal set of genes, seem to accumulate mobile genetic elements. In Mycoplasma hominis, a facultative pathogen of the human urogenital tract and an inherently very heterogeneous species, four different MGE-classes had been detected until now: insertion sequence ISMhom-1, prophage MHoV-1, a tetracycline resistance mediating transposon, and ICEHo, a species-specific variant of a mycoplasma integrative and conjugative element encoding a T4SS secretion system (termed MICE).

Results

To characterize the prevalence of these MGEs, genomes of 23 M. hominis isolates were assembled using whole genome sequencing and bioinformatically analysed for the presence of mobile genetic elements. In addition to the previously described MGEs, a new ICEHo variant was found, which we designate ICEHo-II. Of 15 ICEHo-II genes, five are common MICE genes; eight are unique to ICEHo-II; and two represent a duplication of a gene also present in ICEHo-I. In 150 M. hominis isolates and based on a screening PCR, prevalence of ICEHo-I was 40.7%; of ICEHo-II, 28.7%; and of both elements, 15.3%. Activity of ICEHo-I and -II was demonstrated by detection of circularized extrachromosomal forms of the elements through PCR and subsequent Sanger sequencing.

Conclusions

Nanopore sequencing enabled the identification of mobile genetic elements and of ICEHo-II, a novel MICE element of M. hominis, whose phenotypic impact and potential impact on pathogenicity can now be elucidated.
LncRNA STXBP5-AS1 suppresses stem cell-like properties of pancreatic cancer by epigenetically inhibiting neighboring androglobin gene expression
Authors: Chen Shi , Huang Long , Li Ge , Qiu Funan , Wang Yaodong , Yang Can , Pan Jingjing , Wu Zhangwei , Chen Jiangzhi , Tian Yifeng
Published: November 2020

Previous studies suggest the tumor suppressor role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) STXBP5-AS1 in cervical and gastric cancer, but its expression pattern and functional mechanism are still elusive in pancreatic cancer (PC). Relative expression of STXBP5-AS1 in PC both in vivo and in vitro was analyzed by real-time PCR. IC50 of Gemcitabine was determined by the MTT assay. Cell proliferation in response to drug treatment was investigated by colony formation assay. Cell apoptosis was measured by both caspase-3 activity and Annexin V/PI staining. Cell invasion capacity was scored by the transwell assay in vitro, and lung metastasis was examined with the tail vein injection assay. Cell stemness was determined in vitro by sphere formation and marker profiling, respectively, and in vivo by limited dilution of xenograft tumor incidence. Subcellular localization of STXBP5-AS1 was analyzed with fractionation PCR. Association between STXBP5-AS1 and EZH2 was investigated by RNA-immunoprecipitation. The binding of EZH2 on ADGB promoter was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. The methylation was quantified by bisulfite sequencing. We showed downregulation of STXBP5-AS1 in PC associated with poor prognosis. Ectopic STXBP5-AS1 inhibited chemoresistance and metastasis of PC cells. In addition, STXBP5-AS1 compromised stemness of PC cells. Mechanistically, STXBP5-AS1 potently recruited EZH2 and epigenetically regulated neighboring ADGB transcription, which predominantly mediated the inhibitory effects of STXBP5-AS1 on stem cell-like properties of PC cells. Our study highlights the importance of the STXBP5-EZH2-ADGB axis in chemoresistance and stem cell-like properties of PC.
Cancerous pericarditis presenting as cardiac tamponade in a 68-year-old man with pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a case report
Authors: Kiryu Sachie , Ito Zensho , Ishikawa Masashi , Akasu Takafumi , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Hirooka Shinichi , Saruta Masayuki , Koido Shigeo
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Pericardial effusion is a rare complication of pancreatic cancer. We report a case of cardiac tamponade secondary to pancreatic cancer.

Case presentation

A 68-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed as having pancreatic cancer during surgery and received chemotherapy for 28 months after the diagnosis. He was admitted to the emergency room with severe dyspnea. Echocardiography revealed pericardial effusion with severe hypofunction. Emergency pericardial drainage was performed to maintain hemodynamics, which resulted in the elimination of 450 mL of blood and the maintenance of circulatory dynamics. Cytological examination of the pericardial fluid revealed atypical cells and tumor cells suggesting adenocarcinoma.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, pancreatic cancer complicated with cancerous pericarditis has not been previously documented. This case highlights the extreme severity of pericardial effusion, a sign of progressive disease, secondary to pancreatic cancer. In the case of neoplastic pericardial effusion, an extremely poor prognosis must be considered.
Molecular and biological functions of resveratrol in psychiatric disorders: a review of recent evidence
Authors: Shayganfard Mehran
Published: November 2020

Mental disorders including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, bipolar and etc. have a considerable proportion of global disorder burden. Many nutritional psychiatry investigations have been conducted to evaluate the relationship between several individual nutrients such as herbal compounds with mental health. Resveratrol, a famous polyphenol compound, is known as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective agent regulating the function of brain and improves the behavioral factors associated with learning, anxiety, depression, and memory. In addition, this natural compound can cross the blood–brain barrier representing neurological influences. The pharmacological interest of utilizing resveratrol in mental disorders is due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant features. The aim of this paper was to review the studies evaluated the potential effects of resveratrol on mental disorders.
Orbital stability of solitary waves for the generalized long-short wave resonance equations with a cubic-quintic strong nonlinear term
Authors: Zheng Xiaoxiao , Di Huafei , Peng Xiaoming
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we investigate the orbital stability of solitary waves for the following generalized long-short wave resonance equations of Hamiltonian form: $$ \textstyle\begin{cases} iu_{t}+u_{{xx}}=\alpha uv+\gamma \vert u \vert ^{2}u+\delta \vert u \vert ^{4}u, \\ v_{t}+\beta \vert u \vert ^{2}_{x}=0. \end{cases} $$

{

i

u
t

+

u

x
x

=
α
u
v
+
γ
|
u

|
2

u
+
δ
|
u

|
4

u
,

v
t

+
β
|
u

|
x
2

=
0
.

We first obtain explicit exact solitary waves for Eqs. (0.1). Second, by applying the extended version of the classical orbital stability theory presented by Grillakis et al., the approach proposed by Bona et al., and spectral analysis, we obtain general results to judge orbital stability of solitary waves. We finally discuss the explicit expression of $\det (d^{\prime \prime })$
det
(

d

″

)
in three cases and provide specific orbital stability results for solitary waves. Especially, we can get the results obtained by Guo and Chen with parameters $\alpha =1$
α
=
1
, $\beta =-1$
β
=
−
1
, and $\delta =0$
δ
=
0
. Moreover, we can obtain the orbital stability of solitary waves for the classical long-short wave equation with $\gamma =\delta =0$
γ
=
δ
=
0
and the orbital instability results for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with $\beta =0$
β
=
0
.
Nonexistence of global solutions of fractional diffusion equation with time-space nonlocal source
Authors: Nabti Abderrazak , Alsaedi Ahmed , Kirane Mokhtar , Ahmad Bashir
Published: November 2020

We prove the nonexistence of solutions of the fractional diffusion equation with time-space nonlocal source
$$\begin{aligned} u_{t} + (-\Delta )^{\frac{\beta }{2}} u =\bigl(1+ \vert x \vert \bigr)^{ \gamma } \int _{0}^{t} (t-s)^{\alpha -1} \vert u \vert ^{p} \bigl\Vert \nu ^{ \frac{1}{q}}(x) u \bigr\Vert _{q}^{r} \,ds \end{aligned}$$

u
t

+

(
−
Δ
)

β
2

u
=

(
1
+
|
x
|
)

γ

∫
0
t

(
t
−
s
)

α
−
1

|
u

|
p

∥

ν

1
q

(
x
)
u
∥

q
r

d
s
for $(x,t) \in \mathbb{R}^{N}\times (0,\infty )$
(
x
,
t
)
∈

R
N

×
(
0
,
∞
)
with initial data $u(x,0)=u_{0}(x) \in L^{1}_{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb{R}^{N})$
u
(
x
,
0
)
=

u
0

(
x
)
∈

L
loc
1

(

R
N

)
, where $p,q,r>1$
p
,
q
,
r
>
1
, $q(p+r)>q+r$
q
(
p
+
r
)
>
q
+
r
, $0<\gamma \leq 2 $
0
<
γ
≤
2
, $0<\alpha <1$
0
<
α
<
1
, $0<\beta \leq 2$
0
<
β
≤
2
, $(-\Delta )^{\frac{\beta }{2}}$

(
−
Δ
)

β
2

stands for the fractional Laplacian operator of order β, the weight function $\nu (x)$
ν
(
x
)
is positive and singular at the origin, and $\Vert \cdot \Vert _{q}$

∥
⋅
∥

q

is the norm of $L^{q}$

L
q

space.
Vieta–Lucas polynomials for solving a fractional-order mathematical physics model
Authors: Agarwal P. , El-Sayed A. A.
Published: November 2020

In this article, a fractional-order mathematical physics model, advection–dispersion equation (FADE), will be solved numerically through a new approximative technique. Shifted Vieta–Lucas orthogonal polynomials will be considered as the main base for the desired numerical solution. These polynomials are used for transforming the FADE into an ordinary differential equations system (ODES). The nonstandard finite difference method coincidence with the spectral collocation method will be used for converting the ODES into an equivalence system of algebraic equations that can be solved numerically. The Caputo fractional derivative will be used. Moreover, the error analysis and the upper bound of the derived formula error will be investigated. Lastly, the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method will be demonstrated through some numerical applications.
Different dimensional fractional-order discrete chaotic systems based on the Caputo h-difference discrete operator: dynamics, control, and synchronization
Authors: Talbi Ibtissem , Ouannas Adel , Khennaoui Amina-Aicha , Berkane Abdelhak , Batiha Iqbal M. , Grassi Giuseppe , Pham Viet-Thanh
Published: November 2020

The paper investigates control and synchronization of fractional-order maps described by the Caputoh-difference operator. At first, two new fractional maps are introduced, i.e., the Two-Dimensional Fractional-order Lorenz Discrete System (2D-FoLDS) and Three-Dimensional Fractional-order Wang Discrete System (3D-FoWDS). Then, some novel theorems based on the Lyapunov approach are proved, with the aim of controlling and synchronizing the map dynamics. In particular, a new hybrid scheme is proposed, which enables synchronization to be achieved between a master system based on a 2D-FoLDS and a slave system based on a 3D-FoWDS. Simulation results are reported to highlight the effectiveness of the conceived approach.
Novel hyperbolic and exponential ansatz methods to the fractional fifth-order Korteweg–de Vries equations
Authors: Park Choonkil , Nuruddeen R. I. , Ali Khalid K. , Muhammad Lawal , Osman M. S. , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: November 2020

This paper aims to investigate the class of fifth-order Korteweg–de Vries equations by devising suitable novel hyperbolic and exponential ansatze. The class under consideration is endowed with a time-fractional order derivative defined in the conformable fractional derivative sense. We realize various solitons and solutions of these equations. The fractional behavior of the solutions is studied comprehensively by using 2D and 3D graphs. The results demonstrate that the methods mentioned here are more effective in solving problems in mathematical physics and other branches of science.
Ameliorative effects of ark clams (Scapharca subcrenata and Tegillarca granosa) on endothelial dysfunction induced by a high-fat diet
Authors: Chanmuang Saoraya , Meemalai Orawan , Promyo Kitipong , Park Kyung-Hee , Pongworn Suthipong , Gong Dal-Seong , Oak Min-Ho , Cho Jeong-Yong , Kang Seong-Gook , Ham Kyung-Sik
Published: November 2020

Endothelial dysfunction is directly involved in consequence of various metabolic syndromes such as diabetes and hypertension. In this study, we investigated the preventive effects of two ark clams [ark shell (AS,Scapharca subcrenata) and granular ark (GA,Tegillarca granosa)] on endothelial dysfunction induced by a high-fat diet. Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follows: control (normal diet), HF (high-fat diet), AS (high-fat diet + 5% AS powder), and GA (high-fat diet + 5% GA powder) for 12 weeks. AS and GA diets enhanced vascular reactivity of the rat thoracic aorta and significantly increased expression levels of vascular relaxation-related proteins (p-Akt-ser473 and p-eNOS-ser1177). Ark clam supplement reduced endothelin-1 expression level, as compared to the HF group. Additionally, AS and GA showed a trend of improving insulin sensitivity compared to HF. Our results suggest that AS and GA enhance vascular reactivity and ameliorated endothelial dysfunction induced by a high-fat diet.
Investigating the roles of age, sex, depression, and anxiety for valence and arousal ratings of words: a population-based study
Authors: Teismann Henning , Kissler Johanna , Berger Klaus
Published: November 2020

Background

The perception of the affective quality of stimuli with regard to valence and arousal has mostly been studied in laboratory experiments. Population-based research may complement such studies by accessing larger, older, better balanced, and more heterogeneous samples. Several characteristics, among them age, sex, depression, or anxiety, were found to be associated with affective quality perception. Here, we intended to transfer valence and arousal rating methods from experimental to population-based research. Our aim was to assess the feasibility of obtaining and determining the structure of valence and arousal ratings in the setting of the large observational BiDirect Study. Moreover, we explored the roles of age, sex, depression, and anxiety for valence and arousal ratings of words.

Methods

704 participants provided valence and arousal ratings for 12 written nouns pre-categorized as unpleasant, neutral, or pleasant. Predictors of valence and arousal ratings (i.e. age, sex, depression, and anxiety) were analyzed for six outcomes that emerge by combining two affective dimensions with three words categories. Data were modeled with multiple linear regression. Relative predictor importance was quantified by model-explained variance decomposition.

Results

Overall, average population-based ratings replicated those found in laboratory settings. The model did not reach statistical significance in the valence dimension. In the arousal dimension, the model explained 5.4% (unpleasant), 4.6% (neutral), and 3.5% (pleasant) of the variance. (Trend) effects of sex on arousal ratings were found in all word categories (unpleasant: increased arousal in women; neutral, pleasant: decreased arousal in women). Effects of age and anxiety (increased arousal) were restricted to the neutral words.

Conclusions

We report results of valence and arousal ratings of words in the setting of a large, observational, population-based study. Method transfer yielded acceptable data quality. The analyses demonstrated small effects of the selected predictors in the arousal dimension.
The Dark Triad of personality and attitudes toward cognitive enhancement
Authors: Mayor Eric , Daehne Maxime , Bianchi Renzo
Published: November 2020

Background

Cognitive enhancement (CE) refers to the voluntary improvement of human cognitive capabilities. Few studies have examined the general attitude of the public towards CE. Such studies have suggested that the use of CE is considered largely unacceptable by the public. In parallel, past research indicates that individuals scoring high on the Dark Triad of personality (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) and competitiveness have atypical views of ethical questions. In this study, we examined (a) whether attitudes towards CE are associated with individual differences in the Dark Triad of personality as well as in trait and contextual competitiveness and (b) whether the Dark Triad moderates the effect of trait and contextual competitiveness on attitudes towards CE.

Method

US employees (N = 326) were recruited using Mechanical Turk. Participants completed a web survey. Data were analyzed by means of (robust) hierarchical regression and (robust) ANCOVAs.

Results

The Dark Triad of personality and one of its subscales, Machiavellianism, predicted positive attitudes towards CE. Neither trait competitiveness nor contextual competitiveness were linked to general attitudes towards CE, but the DT was a positive moderator of the association between contextual competitiveness and positive attitudes.

Conclusion

Our findings extend the incipient knowledge about the factors relating to favourable views of CE by highlighting the role of dark personality traits in shaping such views. Our study further shows contextual factors can play a differentiated role with respect to such attitudes depending upon dark personality traits. Implications for policy-making are discussed.