bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formality as a Style-Forming Property of Academic English: Synchronic Analysis of Medical Research Texts
Authors: Stebletsova Anna , Torubarova Irina
Published: January 2020

The paper discusses academic formality as a basic linguistic and stylistic property which indicates academic discourse. The objective of the research is to identify specific features and means of formality representation in medical discourse. The material of the research includes a corpus comprised of fifteen authentic open – access research articles published in European Journal of Epidemiology in 2019. The texts of the articles were processed within the framework of descriptive linguistic analysis. The quantitative analysis and statistic processing was performed with Compleat Lexical Tutor v.8.3. The results of the research have revealed lexical, syntactical, grammatical and stylistic means of formality representation in medical research texts. The lexical diversity coefficient ranges from 0.22 to 2.27, which demonstrates a high level of vocabulary complexity and a relatively low level of vocabulary diversity. The high level of lexical density is acquired by a frequent use of noun groups, nominalization and medical terminology including abbreviations and acronyms. Stylistic repetitions of vocabulary and syntactic structures are registered on all texts of the research corpus. Along with a widespread use of passive and impersonal structures the texts of the research have demonstrated a tendency to use subjective language (we / our pronouns) for an author stance. The authors have made a conclusion that this might be an indication of a shift towards simplicity and ersonification in academic formality representation.
Irony as a Means of Character Description in the Works by N.V. Gogol
Authors: Vaulina Svetlana , Bulataya Elena
Published: January 2020

The article considers irony as a conceptual category of the literary text, that contains author's assessment in the implicit form. The ironic meaning as an integral component of the literary text is an evaluative and emotional way to represent the author's worldview and values. The means of expressing irony in N.V. Gogol's works of different genres (epos, lyrico-epic genre and drama) are determined. The similarities and differences in the author's use of irony expression means in the poem Dead Souls, series of tales Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka, Mirgorod, Petersburg Tales, comedy The Inspector General within the author's ironic character description are determined. The article concludes that genre peculiarities of literary works affect the author's choice of certain means of irony expression. It is not typical of the author to use phraseological units as irony explicators in the genre of the tale; however, these linguistic means frequently verbalize ironical meaning in the drama genre – the comedy The Inspector General. The use of such textual means as author's retreats and comments is not typical due to high plot dynamism and dialogization of the author's narrative being characteristic genre features of the comedy. The article considers the means of irony expression in the author's character description. It is shown that irony is manifested both in the characters' and the author's speech and is aimed at assessing the characters' personality and behavior.
Stylistic Structuring of Nabokov’s Metaprose in the Context of Modernism and Postmodernism Poetics
Authors: Strelnikova Larisa
Published: January 2020

The article considers the actual problem of determining the creative method of V. Nabokov in the aspect of artistic principles of modernism and postmodernism. Using the method of historical and discursive analysis, the features of the metanovel as the main genre of the writer's prose are characterized. It is shown that the narcissism of Nabokov's texts appears in the individual rhetoric of the writer, refuting the stereotypes of artistic perception formed in the classical tradition, signaling the aesthetic superiority of the writer. Stylistic codes forming a narcissistic novel are revealed: mythologism, deconstruction, double coding, intertextuality. The ways of their realization in the novels are described: individualization of linguistic techniques, metaphorization, allegorism, rhizomacy of structure of the text, play on cultural codes. It is established that as a means of author's self-expression, the language of Nabokov's works has value in itself, the writer develops his own way of aesthetic attitude to the word. It is concluded, that the identified stylistic codes determine Nabokov's works as belonging to both modernism and postmodernism. These codes form a metatext, or supertext, a special type of non-classical prose, in which the language becomes a specific coding formation, allowing the author to present aesthetic and intellectual information, thus starting creative relations with the reader.
Nouns of Religion Semantic Field with Suffix -stv/о/ in the Russian of 18th Century (Examplified by Lexicographic Works of the Civil Press)
Authors: Feliksov Sergey
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the history of religious style formation in the Russian language. The research considers nouns of religion semantic field with a suffix -stv/о/, recorded in the 18 th century Russian lexicographic works of civil press, which provide detailed representationof confessional vocabulary – The Church Dictionaryby archpriest Peter Alekseev (1773–1794), The Short Slavic Dictionary by abbot Evgeny (Romanov) (1784) and The Dictionary of the Russian Academy (1789–1794). The paper features peculiarities in word-formation and semantic structure of nouns with a suffix -stv/о/ belonging to religion semantic field.Their lexical and grammatical categories as well as thematic groups are described.The neologisms that appeared in the 18 th century within these groups are revealed. Active development of word-formation models, arising in Russian in that period, has contributed to emerging word-formation patternsfor the nouns of religion semantic field with a suffix -stv/о/, which have been established and analyzed. It is shown that despite the notable competition caused by existence of synonymous derivatives, nouns of religion semantic field with a suffix -stv/о/ have sufficient representation in the dictionary system of the Russian language of the 18 th century, forming a special layer of confessional vocabulary. It should be noted, that the abovementioned word class, as well as Russian religious style as a whole, was going through the process of active formationin the 18 th century.
Evolution of Number Names in Modern Russian
Authors: Shulga Mariya
Published: January 2020

The paper deals with the evolution of morphological forms and syntactic relations of numerals which give names to categories of numbers. The ways of formation of a number name тысяча / tysjatscha and its part-of-speech signs are illustrated with the texts taken from the Russian National Corpus. It's the first systematic description of transition of a noun into a number name regarded as a complex grammatical process – morphological unification of case forms (instrumental case тысячью / tysjatschju); substitution of countable noun government by coordination with it in every indirect case; loss of syntactic forms of gender and number (i.e. their ability to correlate with words in gender and number); loss of morphological forms of the plural number and their substitution by forms of the singular number; formation of compound numerals on the bases of the numeral тысяча / tysjatscha; signs of morphological separation of the number name тысяча / tysjatscha and the name of quantity. The development and grammatical adaptation of тысяча / tysjatscha in the line of numerals is reported to have taken long. The article presents a sequence of obtaining new features of the numerals. Evolution of numerals is presented as a relevant grammatical process that implements synthetic potential of the Russian language grammatical system.
Legal Awareness Dynamics of the Population of the South of Russia: Cognitive Aspect
Authors: Klimenko Lyudmila , Posukhova Oksana , Budaev Pavel
Published: January 2020

Introduction: the integration processes in the South of Russia are complicated by the ethno-cultural heterogeneity of the macroregion, different levels of socio-economic development of the subregions and differences in the societal values of the ethno-territorial communities. In these conditions, a similar legal culture serves as the basis for the consolidation of different groups of the population. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the dynamics of the legal culture cognitive component of the population of the multi-ethnic territories of Southern Russia. Methods: the empirical basis of the study was formed as part of comparative sociological research, when more than two thousand people were interviewed in the Rostov region, Adygea and Kabardino- Balkaria in 2001-2019. Results: as a rule, the legal culture of a civil-activist type should dominate in a modernized society, when the population understands and recognizes the priority of human rights and freedoms, legal responsibility, shows respect for the existing laws. Therefore, the study of the cognitive components of the legal culture of South-Russian residents includes the analysis of knowledge and perceptions of the respondents about the basic signs of the legal state, the permissibility of limitations of human rights, the degree of importance of the rights of different actors in society, the status of law, legislation in the case of administrative arrest and witness testimony. Conclusions: the empirical tests show a rather low level of specific legal knowledge of the population in all the considered territorial subjects of the South of Russia. Moreover, from the first to the last stages of the study, the dynamics of the knowledge level is decreasing. The priority of the right is not always manifested in the attitudes of the surveyed residents in the macroregion. Against this background, in the Rostov region at different stages of the study a stable group of respondents (about half of the respondents), for whom the legal norm is a legitimate regulator of behavior, was recorded. In the republican segment, the situation is volatile; the lagging dynamics of legal systems of a civil type in the Republic of Adygea and the accelerating one – in Kabardino-Balkaria are revealed.
On the Legal Consequences of Brexit
Authors: Galushko Dmitriy
Published: January 2020

Introduction: one of the most important functioning aspects of modern regional international organizations is the institution of state membership. For the European Union, this issue has until recently been considered in terms of the ongoing process of developing European integration and expanding the membership of States in this international organization. In 2016, the UK held a referendum on its leaving the EU, whose positive result gave rise to the process of leaving the EU – Brexit. Brexit has produced a number of consequences, some of which will be analyzed in this paper. The aim of the study is to investigate and analyze some of the legal consequences of Brexit. Methods: in the course of the research both general scientific methods of cognition and specific legal methods (formal-legal, historical-legal) were used. Results: the paper proves that Brexit is a unique case in the practice of both the European Union and the international practice of interaction between States and international organizations. The author found that the UK’s leaving the EU entails a number of consequences, which are extremely difficult to identify, since they are very diverse and relate to completely different spheres of public relations: peace, security, economy, migration, Northern Ireland, and etc. Conclusions: Brexit becomes a process of testing completely new mechanisms and procedures that will have a significant impact both at the international legal level and at the domestic level. Today, Brexit requires careful legal support, as it directly affects the rights and freedoms, first of all, of citizens on both sides. Without a properly executed international treaty, Brexit could become a threat not only to the economic sphere, but even to peace and security in the region.
The UN Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction as a Special Form of Interstate Cooperation Implementation
Authors: Lisauskaite Valentine
Published: January 2020

Introduction: the purpose of the paper is to study the UN Global platform for disaster risk reduction as a format of the international intergovernmental conference. Methods: the methodological framework for the study is a set of methods of scientific knowledge, among which the main are the methods of comparison, consistency, analysis. Results: the UN global platform for disaster risk reduction is a global, interim event for the implementation of The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. It takes place in the form of a multi-level forum involving various participants. Its purpose is the exchange of experience and discussion of pressing problems in the implementation of certain areas of the universal disaster risk reduction program. The author highlights both positive and negative aspects of this forum, reveals its theoretical and practical essence. Conclusions: the study showed that the global platform is indeed an international intergovernmental conference of an expanded format. The increased interest in the event indicates its importance, quality and effectiveness.
The Wording of a Contract in Electronic Form
Authors: Kozlova Marina
Published: January 2020

Introduction: in the modern economy, registering the wording of a contract with the help of electronic documents has acquired the character of a stable trend. The aim of the study is to identify the main trends in the practice of exchanging electronic documents for the conclusion or execution of a civil contract. The paper uses the methods of description and interpretation; the theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Results: the main reasons why the agreement of the parties is put in the form of a written document are determined. The judicial practice positions concerning the recognition of a message exchange by e-mail, text messages in the messengers, as a form of the civil contract are studied. It is established that the agreement of the parties shall determine the possibility of exchanging electronic documents, and the addressee and sender of electronic messages shall be identified: if the message reliably comes from the party under the contract and is received by the other party, the content of this message binds the parties. In the study of the problem of binding the affiliate entity by the agreement concluded by purchasing or ordering services on the Internet, it is determined that in the vast majority of cases, consumers are not familiar with the terms of contracts that they conclude. And although the ignorance of the actual information about the contract does not entail, as a rule, the negative consequences for the buyer (customer), in the event of a conflict, the court may conclude that the consumer is not bound by the terms of the contract to which he acceded, due to the fact that he did not understand its meaning. Conclusions: an electronic document – a scanned copy of a paper document, a letter sent by e-mail, a document posted on the company’s website as an accession agreement – is a full-fledged document in which the will of the parties to the agreement can be expressed. The specifics of electronic forms require establishing the possibility to identify the person issuing the document confirming the fact of a conscious accession to the agreement, determining the precise content of the agreement.
Threshold Concepts in a Literary Magazine Produced by Health Care Students
Authors: Meyer Johanna , Chang Hanna , Randall Virginia
Published: January 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction: Progress Notes is a literary magazine featuring works from health care students in the USA. It is edited by medical students at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) to provide a space for their creative works. Since the magazine's inception in 2016, four volumes have been published, containing 130 works of poetry, fiction, reflection, and artwork. Goal: To understand the themes and perspectives of the published works. Methods: After Institutional Review Board approval, two researchers used qualitative thematic analysis to examine the texts, coding independently and resolving differences by discussion. They arranged the codes into themes which were discussed until consensus. A third researcher read the texts, codes and themes and verified that they were an accurate reflection of the published works. Artwork was assigned themes by the same two researchers who analyzed the written works, and a sample selection was verified by the third researcher. Results: Researchers identified eight themes across poetry, fiction, and reflective essays: vocation, death, failure/resilience, emotional restraint, personhood of the patient, approach to the patient, military physicians, and moments of personal realization. Four themes were identified in the artwork: death; comradeship/aloneness; vocation/quest; and competence. Discussion: Students submitted creative works in which they grapple with what it means to be a physician. Analyzed through the lens of the threshold concepts, researchers identified: "I am a healer;" "I can deal with ambiguity;" "The patient is the focus;" "As a military medical officer, I serve two masters;" and "As a physician, I have a unique and complex relationship with death." These threshold concepts represent an ontological shift in the students' professional identity. Conclusion: A literary magazine edited, and featuring works by, health care students provides a forum in which health care students wrestle with the elusive and enigmatic fundamental principles of being a physician.
Avukah
Authors: Taraskiewicz Ellen
Published: January 2020

The landscape of American Zionism shifted slowly and significantly over the course of the early to mid 20th century, culminating in the creation of the State of Israel in 1948. In that tumultuous period of history, American Zionism was not one single traceable ideology, but a great mass of intersecting and opposing ideologies, formed by American Jews’ desire to assimilate and their response to ongoing and pervasive anti-Semitism in the United States and Europe. One particular student Zionist organization, known as Avukah, cultivated its own Zionist ideology and attempted to spread its message to universities across the country. However, as American Zionism transformed and took root in mainstream American Jewish society, Avukah struggled and ultimately failed to instill its Zionist ideology into the mainstream. Avukah’s strict adherence to a singular, yet ultimately unclear Zionist ideology and its inability to adapt to the shifting tides of American Zionism provide a unique lens into the world of early American Zionist culture and the limitations of organizations founded on strict adherence to ideology. The study of Avukah’s rise and fall through the prism of the Avukah chapter at Temple University offers a close examination and microcosm of the limitations of Avukah’s Zionist ideology in the face of American Zionism’s period of great change.
Birgivî Mehmed Efendi’nin et-Tarîkatü'l-Muhammediyye Adlı Eseri Özelinde Mûsiki Hakkındaki Görüşleri
Authors: BIYIK Tacetdin
Published: January 2020

Birgivî Mehmed Efendi (ö. 981/1573), yaşam tarzı ve eserleriyle hem kendi dönemine (XVI.
yüzyıl) hem de daha sonraki dönemlere damga vurmuş büyük bir Osmanlı âlimidir. Çeşitli
alanlarda çok sayıda eser veren Birgivî’nin şöhretinde tesiri olan en önemli
eserlerinden birisi de kısaca et-Tarîka veya Tarîkat-ı Muhammediyye olarak
bilinen Kitap ve Sünnet çerçevesinde ahlâka dair konuların Arapça olarak ele
alındığı et-Tarîkatü’l-Muhammediyye fî beyâni’s-sîreti’n-Nebeviyyeti’l-Ahmediyye’dir.
Birgivî bu eserini üç ana bölüme (bâb) ve her bir bölümü de ayrıca üç alt bölüme
(fasıl) ayırmıştır. Eserin farklı yerlerinde farklı münasebetlerle mûsiki konusuna
da temas edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, müellif ve eserleri hakkında genel bilgiler
verildikten sonra onun söz konusu eserinden tespit edilen mûsikiye dair görüşlerinin tasnifi ve değerlendirilmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma neticesinde; Birgivî’nin mûsiki hakkında -birkaç
istisnâî durum hariç- olumlu düşünmediği, mûsikiyi üretmeyi (çalmak, söylemek)
veya dinlemeyi, elin, dilin, kulağın veya bedenin âfeti olarak değerlendirdiği
görülmüştür.
مفهوم السلام في الاسلام
Authors: ALGUNIED Mahmoud
Published: January 2020

إن في تعاليم الاسلام وعقائده تدريبا عمليا لكل مسلم على أن يتعامل بالانسانية مع كل الناس، فالاسلام يدعوا إلى ترويض النفس بأن تحول تلك التعاليم الاسلامية إلى تعاملات حية على أرض الواقع، وأن لا تبقى مجرد قوانين وشعارات، ومن تلك المبادئ التي دعا إليها الاسلام السلام، والسلام حقيقة عبارة عن نوع من العبادات يتقرب بها العباد إلى الله تعالى، فالاسلام بمعناه العام يعني السلام، والسلام اسم من أسماء الله تبارك وتعالى، قال تعالى: "هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِی لَاۤ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ٱلۡمَلِكُ ٱلۡقُدُّوسُ ٱلسَّلَـٰمُ"، فكما قلنا إن الاسلام هو السلام، فإن من نتائج السلام انتشار الأمان والطمأنينة فيما بين الناس على اختلاف معتقداتهم وانتماءاتهم، واستئصال كل أشكال الاضطراب والخوف من نفوسهم، ومن دعوات الاسلام التعاون على فعل الخير والدعوة إليه، مبينا أن كل أساليب الاعتداء مرفوض جملة وتفصيلا، مشددا العقوبة على من يتعدى ويتجاوز حدوده، معتبرا أن هذا الاعتداء هو اعتداء على البشرية جمعاء، ومن هنا أردت أن أكتب في هذا الموضوع، إذ أن المجتمعات الاسلامية وغير الاسلامية تعيش في حالة تخبط وعدم استقرار، وكل ذلك يعود إلى غياب العامل الأساس لاستقرار واطمئنان المجتمعات ألا وهو السلام، فللسلام أهمية لا يمكن تجاهلها، وبدونه لا يمكن أن تنعم أي دولة بالأمان، فعلاقة الدول مع بعضها البعض مبنية على الاحترام المتبادل، وهو ما يعبر عنه بالسلام، فإذا فُقد السلام نشأت الحروب والصراعات فيما بينها، وما المبادئ التي أمر بها الاسلام إلا لتحقيق العدالة الالهية في معاملات الناس بعضهم مع بعض، وتنظيم تعامل الدول بعضها مع بعض، ومن خلال الاطلاع على الآيات المتعلقة بالسلام وتفسيرها، نجد أن المفسرين قد أعطوا مفهوم السلام أهمية خاصة، وتحدثوا عنه بإسهاب، لما له من أثر في النفوس وخاصة أعداء المسلمين، فحسن المعاملة، ورحابة الصدور مع الأعداء تحولهم من عدو قاتل إلى صديق كريم، وهذه هي حقيقة أوامر الاسلام، بأن نحكّم المبادئ الاسلامية في التعاملات مع البشرية جمعاء.
Hz. Ömer Döneminde Meydana Gelen Amvas Tâunu ve Etkileri
Authors: CENGİZ Ercan
Published: January 2020

Salgın
hastalıklar tarih boyunca sebep oldukları kitlesel ölümlerle insanlığın maruz
kaldığı felaketlerden biri olmuştur. Bu hastalıkların başında hiç şüphesiz
dünya nüfusu üzerinde büyük etkiye sahip Kara Ölüm olarak adlandırılan veba
gelmektedir. Hz. Peygamber’in de hadislerinde değinmiş olduğu tâun hastalığı,
Arapça’da vebanın en çok görülen ve hıyarcıklı olarak adlandırılan türüne
verilen isimdir. Amvas’ta ortaya çıktıktan kısa süre sonra Suriye ve Irak’a
kadar yayılan salgın, en çok Suriye toprakları üzerinde etkili olmuş ve
aralarında sahabenin ileri gelenlerinin de bulunduğu on binlerce insanın
ölümüne sebep olmuştur. Yaşanan insan kayıpları bölgede İslam’ın yayılmasına ve
fetih hareketlerine büyük bir darbe vurmuştur. Tâun hastalığının etkili olduğu
zaman diliminde, Hz. Ömer salgın bölgesiyle yakından ilgilenmiş, insanların her
türlü ihtiyacını diğer eyaletlerden temin edilen malzemelerle karşılamaya
gayret göstererek sosyal devlet anlayışının en güzel örneklerinden birini
vermiştir. Salgının ortadan kalkmasıyla Suriye’ye giden Hz. Ömer askeri, sosyal
ve idari alanlarda düzenlemelerde bulunmuştur. Hastalığın yaralarının
sarılmasında özellikle askeri ve sosyal alanlarda aldığı tedbirler Hz. Ömer’in
çağının çok ilerisinde bir yönetici olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışma Hz.
Ömer’in hilafeti döneminde Filistin’in Amvas adlı yerleşim yerinde ortaya çıkan
bu veba salgınını konu almaktadır. Çalışmada salgının sonuçları askeri, siyasi,
sosyali ve adli açılardan değerlendirilecektir.
Afrikanische Anschlüsse
Authors: Lentz Carola
Published: January 2020

1987 hatte ich gerade promoviert und reiste zum ersten Mal nach Ghana. Schon am Flughafen in Düsseldorf gab es eine Begegnung, die in eine langjährige Freundschaft münden sollte. Im Bus zum Rollfeld kam ich mit einem in Deutschland lebenden Arzt aus Nordghana ins Gespräch. Er begrüßte mein Vorhaben, nicht nur den Süden, sondern auch den Norden des Landes kennenzulernen. Und er war nich im Mindesten erstaunt, als mich drei Wochen später - ohne dass wir unsere Namen und Adressen ausgetauscht hätten - ein Priester, mit dem ich in den Nordwesten des Landes fuhr, zu einem kurzen Besuch in seinem Haus in Tamale mitnahm. Dass ich zu den Dagara kommen würde - der Bevölkerungsgruppe, der er angehört, und bei der ich bis heute forschte -, sei ihm schon in Düsseldorf klar gewesen.
Begegnungen mit Henry
Authors: Sommer Theo
Published: January 2020

Im Spätherbst 1958 kam Henry Kissinger auf Einladung der Bundesregierung nach Deutschland. Er sprach in München, in seiner Geburtsstadt Fürth, in Bonn und Hamburg. Es braute sich gerade eine Berlin-Krise zusammen, Nikita Chruschtschow wollte Westberlin zur freien Stadt erklären und die Westmächte aus der Stadt vertreiben. Vor diesem Hintergrund sollte Kissinger im Amerikahaus der Hansestadt über sein Buch Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy sprechen, über das ich als junger Redakteur der ZEIT eine Rezension geschrieben hatte.
To Georgie
Authors: Burucúa José Emilio
Published: January 2020

In seiner Geschichte "Der Tod und der Kompass", enthalten im "Kunststücke" betitelten Teil seines 1944 veröffentlichten Erzählbandes Fiktionen, erzählt Borges die Geschichte des Raucherfeldzuges eines Kriminellen, Red Scharlach, gegen den Ermittler Erik Lönnrot, der für die Inhaftierung und den Tod eines Bruders des Banditen verantwortlich ist. Die - nicht von Scharlach begangene - Ermordung eines Rabbiners, der sich zum Dritten Talmudischen Kongress in Buenos Aires aufhielt ( da der Text beiläufig ein "trübes, lehmiges Flüßchen" im Süden der Stadt erwähnt, wissen wir, dass sich die Ereignisse in Buenos Aires abspielen und nicht in Paris, wie man aufgrund der Fülle französischer Ortsnamen in der Geschichte glauben könnte), eröffnet ihm zufällig die Gelegenheit, Lönnrot on eine Falle zu locken.
Handle so
Authors: Wenzel Uwe Justus
Published: January 2020

Der Geist weht, wo er will. Unverhofft flog mir einst ein Satz zu, stach mir ins Auge und nistete sich im Kopf ein - stets auf Abruf wartend. Der Satz ist ein Imperativ: " Handle so, dass es keine Verwendung für ein Zentrum gibt." Erst als er bereits eine Art Ohrwurm geworden war, ein okasionell sich zu Wort meldender Ohrwurm, hörte ich seine englische Originalversion; sie findet sich in Gertrude Steins 1914 erschienenem Buch Tender Buttons und eröffnete den dritten und letzten Teil der als "hermetisch" geltenden Prosagedichte: "Act so that there is no use in a center." Diese Aufforderung, mit der die Autorin sich mir sozusagen vorstellte, war für mich unwiedersprechlich.
KARAKTERISASI MIKROSTRUKTUR, KEKERASAN, KOMPOSISI KIMIA DAN STRUKTUR KRISTAL LAPISAN PADA PERMUKAAN BAJA
Authors: Sungkono Sungkono , Kartaman Ajiriyanto Maman , Ismarwanti Sri , Sigit Rohmad
Published: January 2020

KARAKTERISASI MIKROSTRUKTUR, KEKERASAN, KOMPOSISI KIMIA DAN STRUKTUR KRISTAL LAPISAN PADA PERMUKAAN BAJA. Baja dan paduannya digunakan sebagai bahan struktur komponen reaktor nuklir dan peralatan dukung fasilitas hot cell. Selama pengoperasian reaktor nuklir atau fasilitas hot cell, bahan struktur mengalami tegangan tarik, tekan, dan gesek dalam lingkungan radiasi tinggi sehingga dapat menurunkan umur komponen. Salah satu solusi yang digunakan adalah pelapisan permukaan baja dengan bahan pelapis yang mempunyai kekerasan, ketahanan korosi dan aus tinggi. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mendapatkan karakter mikrostruktur, ketebalan, kekerasan, komposisi kimia dan struktur kristal lapisan pada permukaan baja. Metode yang digunakan adalah pengamatan mikrostruktur menggunakan mikroskop optik, kekerasan dengan Vickers microhardness tester, komposisi kimia dengan spark spectrometer dan struktur lapisan permukaan baja dengan difraktometer sinar-X (XRD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mikrostruktur base metal terdiri dari butiran ekuiaksial halus dengan fasa ferit dan perlit, antarmuka logam-lapisan terlihat jelas, serta lapisan kompak dan homogen dengan ketebalan rerata 624,071 μm. Kekerasan lapisan adalah 943 VHN. Dari komposisi kimia diketahui base metal adalah baja karbon S45C, sedangkan lapisan permukaan berupa senyawa stabil khrom oksida (Cr2O3) dengan struktur kristal heksagonal. Kata kunci: lapisan permukaan, baja, mikrostruktur, kekerasan, komposisi kimia, struktur kristal.
Whole-body clearing of beetles by successive treatment of hydrogen peroxide and CUBIC reagents v1
Authors: Kuroda Monto , Kuroda Shinya
Published: January 2020

Internal tissues of multicellular organisms cannot directly be seen because they contain pigments. For this reason, whole-body clearing methods have been developed and applied to mammals such as mice. Insects such as beetles, however, cannot be cleared by the mammalian method because of pigments such as melanin in their exoskeletons. In this study, we tried to develop a whole-body clearing method for large beetles. We first bleached the exoskeleton using a hydrogen peroxide treatment, and applied the the advanced Clear, Unobstructed Brain/Body Imaging Cocktails and Computational analysis (CUBIC) reagents to make the internal tissues transparent. The combined method of hydrogen peroxide and the advanced CUBIC allowed us to successfully perform whole-body clearing of the large beetles.
Gambaran Stressor dan Strategi Koping pada Mahasiswa Tahun Pertama Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Padjadjaran
Authors: Ramadhanti Intan Febryani , Hidayati Nur Oktavia , Rafiyah Imas
Published: January 2020

Perubahan yang terjadi dalam masa transisi siswa SMA menjadi mahasiswa cenderung menjadi stressor bagi mahasiswa tahun pertama keperawatan. Stressor tersebut dapat berasal dari internal, keluarga, pendidikan, dan lingkungan sosial. Ketika menghadapi stressor, mahasiswa akan menggunakan strategi koping yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan stressor dan strategi koping pada mahasiswa tahun pertama Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Padjadjaran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan melibatkan 113 orang mahasiswa yang dipilih menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner stressor dan COPE Inventory yang dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif (frekuensi dan persentase). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stressor yang paling banyak dirasakan oleh mahasiswa tahun pertama Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Padjadjaran berasal dari pendidikan yaitu jadwal kuliah yang berubah-ubah/tidak tepat waktu yang dirasakan 111 (98,2%) mahasiswa. Sedangkan strategi koping yang cenderung digunakan yaitu emotion focused coping sebanyak 65 (57,5%) mahasiswa. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah hampir seluruh mahasiswa merasakan stressor yang berasal dari pendidikan yaitu jadwal kuliah yang berubah-ubah/tidak tepat waktu, dan sebagian besar mahasiswa cenderung menggunakan strategi koping emotion focused coping. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, diharapkan ketika ada perubahan jadwal kuliah setiap koordinator mata kuliah mengkonfirmasi kepada mahasiswa beberapa hari sebelumnya, kemudian TPBK dan dosen wali diharapkan untuk selalu melakukan bimbingan pada mahasiswa secara aktif dan berkelanjutan. Kata Kunci        : Mahasiswa Keperawatan, Strategi Koping, Stressor, Tahun Pertama
A Literature Review: Pengaruh Cognitive Therapy Terhadap Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Akibat Kekerasan pada Anak
Authors: Sumartiningsih Maria Susila , Prasetyo Yehezkiel E
Published: January 2020

ABSTRAKStudi literatur review ini dilatarbelakangi adanya fenomena empirik yang menggambarkan kejadian tindakan kekerasan pada anak yang semakin serius dari waktu ke waktu. Implikasi tindakan kekerasan berdampak pada perlukaan fisik, gangguan mental, sosial, spiritual bahkan sering menimbulkan kematian. Literatur ini ditunjukan untuk menganalisis secara teoritik pengaruh Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) terhadap Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) akibat kekerasan pada anak. Metode kajian literatur dilakukan terhadap tujuh artikel yang diperoleh dari sejumlah tiga database, EBSCO, PubMed, dan Springer Link. Kata kunci untuk pencarian artikel adalah “posttraumatic stress disorder”, “child abuse”, “cognitive behavior therapy”, dan “treatment” dengan “AND” sebagai Boolean operator. Hasil dari kajian literatur yaitu bahwa CBT memiliki pengaruh terhadap PTSD akibat kekerasan pada anak. Hasil artikel review berupa: 1) Perbaikan klinis; 2) Menurunkan masalah PTSD; 3) Menurunkan kecemasan; 4) Menurunkan komorbiditas; dan 5) Kurangnya perbaikan pada kelompok tunggu. Hasil kajian literatur tersebut membuktikan adanya penurunan nilai rata-rata PTSD dari waktu ke waktu pada anak. Kesimpulan dari kajian literatur adalah CBT berpengaruh terhadap PTSD akibat kekerasan pada anak. Rekomendasi kajian literatur ini dapat menjadikan CBT sebagai terapi alternatif yang digunakan pada anak dengan masalah PTSD.ABSTRACTThe background of this literature review study is the emergence of empirical phenomena in the form of incidents of violence to children, child abuse who become more serious from time to time. The violence to children, child abuse implications have an impact on physical injury, mental disorder, social, spiritual and often even lead to death. Literature review study purposed to look at the effects of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) for the handling of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) as a result of child abuse. A keywords literature review focused on seven articles was obtained from three databases, EBSCO, PubMed, and Springer Link. Keywords to search the article is "posttraumatic stress disorder", "child abuse", "cognitive behavior therapy" and "treatment" with "AND" as Boolean operators. The results of the literature review are the CBT has an influence on PTSD as a result of child abuse. CBT influence on PTSD found that 1) The clinical improvement; 2) Reduce problems of PTSD; 3) Reduce anxiety; 4) Lower comorbidity, and 5) lack of improvement in the waiting group. The results of the literature review prove decrease in the average value PTSD over time in children. Conclusions from the study of literature, CBT affect the handling of PTSD as a result of child abuse with the results that have been obtained from the literature review. The results of the literature review can make CBT as an alternative therapy for children with PTSD issues.
Relationship between Occupation and Mother’s Parity Status with Attitude towards Breastfeeding
Authors: Widodo Ramadhan Rifandy , Susanto Tantut , Susumaningrum Latifa Aini
Published: January 2020

ABSTRAKPeran ganda pada ibu yang bekerja rawan menimbulkan stress yang dapat mempengaruhi pembentukan sikap ibu terutama sikap pemberian ASI, dimana sikap merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang mendorong keberhasilan pemberian ASI. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi hubungan pekerjaan dan status paritas ibu dengan sikap pemberian ASI (Air Susu Ibu) pada bayi usia 0-6 bulan di Kecamatan Panti Kabupaten Jember. Penelitian dengan desain cross sectional dilakukan pada 273 ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 0-6 bulan dengan stratified random sampling. Kuesioner digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik responden dan sikap ibu dalam pemberian ASI eksklusif. Chi-square test digunakan untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar pekerjaan ibu adalah ibu rumah tangga (80,2%) dan sebagian besar ibu memiliki sikap pemberian ASI yang cukup (90,8%). Analisis bivariat menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara pekerjaan  ibu dengan sikap pemberian ASI (χ2= 2,089; p-value= 0,352). Akan tetapi teridentifikasi bahwa status paritas ibu berhubungan dengan sikap pemberian ASI (χ2= 14,050; p-value= 0,001). Dapat disimpulkan dari penelitian ini bahwa pekerjaan ibu tidak berhubungan dengan sikap pemberian ASI, tetapi status paritas ibu berhubungan dengan sikap pemberian ASI. Program KB (Keluarga Berencana) perlu ditingkatkan dengan tujuan mendorong ibu memberikan ASI kepada anaknya sesuai usia yang ditentukan. ABSTRACTDouble roles for working mothers caused stress which effects on their attitude towards breastfeeding practice. The objective of this study was to identify the correlation between mother’s employment and parity and attitudes towards breastfeeding among mothers in Panti district, Jember regency. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 273 mothers who have infants 0-6 months using stratified random sampling. Respondents’ characteristics and attitudes towards breastfeeding were measured using a questionnaire. A chi-square test was used to analyze the data. The results showed most of the mother was housewives (80,2%), most of the mother were multipara (64,5%) and most of the respondents have sufficient attitudes towards breastfeeding (90,8%). There were no relationship between mother’s employment and attitudes towards breastfeeding (χ2= 2,089; p-value= 0,352). However, there were significant relationship between maternal’s parity and attitudes towards breastfeeding (χ2= 14,050; p-value= 0,001). This study showed there was no relationship between mother’s employment and attitudes towards breastfeeding, although maternal’s parity showed different results. Therefore, family planning program should be improved correctly to support mothers breastfeed their babies until the six month age to achieve exclusive breastfeeding practice.
Efektivitas Metode Video dan Demonstrasi terhadap Kangaroo Mother Care Self Efficacy
Authors: Khotimah Sania K , Rahmawati Eni , Susmarini Dian
Published: January 2020

ABSTRAKBerat badan lahir rendah merupakan penyebab tertinggi angka kematian bayi. Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah(BBLR) beresiko mengalami hipotermi. Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) atau perawatan metode kangguru merupakan salah satu intervensi hipotermi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektivitas video dan demonstrasi pada discharge planning terhadap kangaroo mother care self efficacy pada ibu yang memiliki BBLR. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain quasy experimental non randomized prettest and posttest dengan kelompok kontrol. Teknik sampling yang digunakan kuota sampling dengan jumlah 19 responden di setiap kelompok. Analisis data menggunakan independent sample t test. Hasil studi menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan skor self efficacy antara kedua kelompok sesudah perlakuan (p=0,187) dengan nilai signifikansi 5%. Kedua metode edukasi baik video maupun demonstrasi sama-sama efektif untuk meningkatkan self efficacy. Perawat dapat menggunakan video untuk menggantikan demonstrasi saat melakukan discharge planning perawatan metode kangguru. ABSTRACT Low Birth Weight (LBW) is the highest cause of infant mortality in the first month of life. Low birth weight babies are at risk of experiencing hypothermia. One of the treatments for hypothermia is kangaroo mother care (KMC). The study aims to determine the differences in the effect of video and demonstration in discharge planning addressed to mother’s kangaroo mother care self-efficacy with low birth weight baby. This research used quasy experimental non-randomized pretest and posttest design. The sampling technique of this research used quota sampling, which was 19 respondents in each group. The data was analyzed using the Independent Sample t-Test. The result showed that there were no differences in self-efficacy scores between the video and demonstration groups after treatment (p=0,187) with a 5% score significant. Both methods, video, and demonstration education are equally effective in improving mother self-efficacy. Nurses can use video to replace demonstrations when performing discharge planning treatments for kangaroo mother care.
Homologs of RNA Ligase 2 of the Bacteriophage T4 in Metagenomes of Ocean Microbiota
Authors: Zimin A.A. , Nikulin N.A , Nazipova N.N.
Published: January 2020

T4 phage RNA ligase 2 is a unique enzyme that is, unlike other RNA ligases, functionally similar to the DNA ligases, as well as it is related to editing RNA ligases of parasitic Trypanosoma and Leishmania. RNA ligases 2 are present in a limited (small) number of genomes, which, moreover, are strongly scattered throughout the tree of life. A search was made for homologs of T4 phage RNA ligase 2 in the databases of pelagic oceanic genetic data (GOS) and deep-sea sedimentary microbiota (LCGC14). In the metagenomes of the pelagic and sedimentary deep-water microbiota, , 6 and 15 homologs, respectively, of RNA ligase 2 of bacteriophage T4 were found , suitable for analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of the detected amino acid sequences showed that most of them are similar to the homologs of RNA ligase 2 from bacteria and fungi. Five homologues of oceanic origin were found on a branch of a phylogenetic tree common to homologs from Tevenvirinae subfamily and Euglenozoa phylum. This result indicates the presence both in the water column of the open ocean and at its bottom of new, still unknown, organisms whose genomes encode this rare enzyme.
INTRAVENOUS PARACETAMOL INFUSION VERSUS INTRAMUSCULAR PETHIDINE AS LABOUR ANALGESICS
Authors: Nasir Sallama , Ibrahim Hala
Published: January 2020

Background 

Labour is one of the most painful and stressful events in life. The intensity of pain experienced by women in labour has been found to affect the progress of labour, fetal well-being and maternal psychology. Intramuscular pethidine is one of most common drugs used for labour analgesia. Paracetamol may be used as alternative to pethidine as labour analgesia. 

Objective

To compare the efficacy and adverse effects of intravenous paracetamol versus intramuscular pethidine hydrochloride as analgesia in the 1st stage of labour.

Patients and Methods

This is a single-blinded prospective-randomized study conducted in Sulaimani maternity teaching hospital over a period of six months starting from the 1st of December 2017 till 31st of May 2018. The study included 200 primigravidae women with term uncomplicated pregnancy in their active phase of labour. After taking informed consent, the women were randomly distributed into two groups, one hundred women received 1000mg paracetamol by intravenous infusion, and the other one hundred women received 100 mg pethidine intramuscularly. The primary outcome was the efficacy of the drug to provide adequate analgesia in labour. Pain intensity before administering drug was recorded by Mc Gills pain intensity scale, then at the 1sthr, and in the 3rdhr after drug administration. The secondary outcomes included the presence of adverse maternal effects, mode of delivery and fetal Apgar scores at 1st and 5th minutes. 

Results

The mean of pain score was low in both groups after 1h of drug administration but it was significantly lower in the pethidine group. Also at 3h of drug administration the mean pain score was significantly much lower in pethidine group compared to the paracetamol group (p -value=0.001). The maternal and neonatal side effects were significantly higher in the pethidine group compared to the paracetamol group (P value= 0.001)

Conclusions

Intramuscular pethidine is more effective than intravenous paracetamol in relieving pain during the 1st stage of labour. But the use of paracetamol causes less maternal and neonatal side effects than pethidine.
DETERMINATION OF SERUM SEX HORMONE BINDING GLOBULIN IN POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME AND HEALTHY WOMEN
Authors: Ibrahim Razaw , Omer Shirwan , Fattah Chro
Published: January 2020

Background 

Sex hormone-binding globulin is a glycoprotein synthesized by liver cells; it binds to sex steroid hormones & regulate their bioavailability. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a neuroendocrine disorder characterized by anovulation or oligoovulatione, hyperandrogenism, and signs of insulin resistance. Recently reverse correlation between SHBG & obesity, PCOS (Polycystic ovarian syndrome) and insulin resistance has been recorded.

Objectives

This study aimed to compare serum SHBG levels between PCOS & healthy women and, to determine the effect of BMI on its level. In addition to that, to provide information about the effect of age on serum SHBG levels in both groups of the study.

Patients and Methods

This was a case-control study involved one hundred women, 60 women with PCOS were subfertile (study group) & 40 healthy normal (control group). Five ml of blood obtained from all the patients & control women at the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Serum level of SHBG, free testosterone, estrogen & AMH were measured by using the ELISA technique. The studied women were divided into subgroups according to their ages & the women with PCOS were subdivided into four subgroups according to their clinical & biochemical markers.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference in the serum level of SHBG between subfertile PCOS & control women. Its levels were significantly lower in women with a BMI of ≥25 than normal-weight women in both groups. Serum level of SHBG in normal weight (BMI <25) subfertile PCOS women was significantly lower than normal-weight healthy women p=0.009. In the control group, a weak negative correlation between age &SHBG observed r=-0.33, while this correlation was insignificant in subfertile PCOS women. No correlation between SHBG & other hormonal parameters recorded. Also, the insignificant difference in SHBG level among PCOS subgroups found F=2.061,p=0.116.

Conclusions

Both obesity & PCOS affect the serum level of SHBG but the effect of obesity is more potent. Serum levels of SHBG decline with age but the hormonal disturbances in PCOS patients becloud this physiological decline.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Oyun Bağımlılık Düzeyleri, Oyun Alışkanlıkları ve Tercihleri
Authors: KORKMAZ Özgen , KORKMAZ Özcan
Published: January 2020

Oyunlara yakın ilgi gösteren ortaokul öğrencilerinin fiziksel, zihinsel ve psikolojik olarak sağlıklı bir şekilde gelişebilmesi için pek çok zararlı alışkanlığın yanı sıra oyun bağımlılığından da korunmaları gerekmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı ortaokul öğrencilerinin oyun oynama alışkanlıkları ve bağımlılık düzeyleri tespit edilip, çeşitli faktörlere göre incelenmesidir. Araştırmada bireyler müdahale edilmeden olduğu gibi ele alınacağından betimsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır.  Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 117 ’si erkek 159 ’u kız olmak üzere toplan 276 ortaokul öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri Çocuklar için Oyun Bağımlılığı Ölçeği ve araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen bir anket yoluyla toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler ortalama, standart sapma, minimum, maksimum, t, Anova ve Tukey analizleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiş ve özetle şu sonuçlara erişilmiştir: Öğrencilerin önemli bir bölümü, dijital oyunları oynamaktadırlar. Ancak kızlara göre erkek öğrencilerin daha çoğu dijital oyunları oynamaktadır. Öğrencilerin önemli bir kısmı dijital oyunlar için makul süre ayırmaktadır. Öğrenciler en çok aksiyon-macera, savaş ve yarış oyunlarını tercih etmektedirler.  Genel olarak ortaokul öğrencilerinin dijital oyun bağımlılık düzeyleri oldukça düşüktür. Oyun için 2-3 saat veya daha fazla süre ayıran öğrencilerin dijital oyunlara bağımlılık düzeyleri, 2 saatten az süre ayıran öğrencilere göre anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksektir. Oyuna ayrılan süre arttıkça bağımlılık düzeyleri de artmaktadır.