bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attention Towards Pupil Size in Humans and Bonobos (Pan paniscus)
Authors: Zijlstra T. W. , van Berlo E. , Kret M. E.
Published: November 2022

Previous work has established that humans have an attentional bias towards emotional signals, and there is some evidence that this phenomenon is shared with bonobos, our closest relatives. Although many emotional signals are explicit and overt, implicit cues such as pupil size also contain emotional information for observers. Pupil size can impact social judgment and foster trust and social support, and is automatically mimicked, suggesting a communicative role. While an attentional bias towards more obvious emotional expressions has been shown, it is unclear whether this also extends to a more subtle implicit cue, like changes in pupil size. Therefore, the current study investigated whether attention is biased towards pupils of differing sizes in humans and bonobos. A total of 150 human participants (141 female), with a mean age of 19.13 (ranging from 18 to 32 years old), completed an online dot-probe task. Four female bonobos (6 to 17 years old) completed the dot-probe task presented via a touch screen. We used linear mixed multilevel models to examine the effect of pupil size on reaction times. In humans, our analysis showed a small but significant attentional bias towards dilated pupils compared to intermediate-sized pupils and intermediate-sized pupils when compared to small pupils. Our analysis did not show a significant effect in bonobos. These results suggest that the attentional bias towards emotions in humans can be extended to a subtle unconsciously produced signal, namely changes in pupil size. Due to methodological differences between the two experiments, more research is needed before drawing a conclusion regarding bonobos.
Decolonising education. An exploration in Bolivian–German relations
Authors: Kölbl Carlos
Published: November 2022

In this article I aim to contribute to a more multifaceted picture of what decolonising education can mean. I do this in the form of a case study of selected and intertwined Bolivian–German discourses and practices directed at the decolonisation of education in the wide sense of the term. First, I introduce Indigenist and ‘Indianist’ proposals, which are shaped, not least, by Nietzschean ideas. In a second step, I turn to some examples of German ‘Bildungsromane’ that are deeply entangled with Bolivian phenomena. Hence, the first part of the article is about decolonising the formerly colonised via education, whereas the second revolves around decolonising the former colonisers, but without the possibility for or the wish to identify completely clear-cut boundaries. It will thus become clearer how decolonising education can be understood as a relational phenomenon.
IgG4-Related Disease of the Central Nervous System: A Case Series
Authors: Abbas Ghada , Karamchandani Jason , Ciarallo Anthony , Durcan Liam
Published: November 2022

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare and often misdiagnosed disorder with limited literature that highlights the different neurological presentations of this treatable disease. The diagnosis of IgG4-RD could be challenging, while imaging is fundamental for the diagnosis, biopsy is considered the gold standard. Most cases respond well to steroids and immunosuppressive therapy. This is a case series study that illustrates the varied neurological presentations of IgG4-RD through three different patients that were followed at the Montreal Neurological Institute. This paper takes you through the diagnostic strategy that we followed to accurately diagnose and treat those patients.
Miseducation in India: Historiographical Reflections
Authors: Rao Parimala V.
Published: November 2022

India, a country with more than 1.3 billion people living in an area of 1,269,219 square miles has only three teaching positions dedicated to the history of education. This denotes little importance given to the discipline. India produced no historian of education during the first twenty-six years after attaining independence. Bhagaban Prasad Majumdar, the first historian of education in independent India, published his First Fruit of English Education in 1973, through a local publisher that no longer exists. The book analyzed the answers written in annual examinations during the first half of the nineteenth century to evaluate the growth of modern education in India. It is indispensable for anyone seeking to understand curriculum history in India, particularly a teacher education student. However, the book is seldom quoted and difficult to find. In all of Delhi, only one library holds a single copy. This is representative of the fate that has befallen even scholars who have worked in the field at the international level and published books and papers in recognized journals. This year, India is celebrating seventy-five years of independence, and so far, it has produced six sets of major historical works and five micro studies that are limited in scope, again, are seldom quoted and recognized in the public debates on education in India.
Physical mechanisms for droplet size and effective viscosity asymmetries in turbulent emulsions
Authors: Yi Lei , Wang Cheng , van Vuren Thomas , Lohse Detlef , Risso Frédéric , Toschi Federico , Sun Chao
Published: November 2022

By varying the oil volume fraction, the microscopic droplet size and the macroscopic rheology of emulsions are investigated in a Taylor–Couette turbulent shear flow. Although here oil and water in the emulsions have almost the same physical properties (density and viscosity), unexpectedly, we find that oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions have very distinct hydrodynamic behaviours, i.e. the system is clearly asymmetric. By looking at the micro-scales, the average droplet diameter hardly changes with the oil volume fraction for O/W or for W/O. However, for W/O it is about

$50\,\%$

larger than that of O/W. At the macro-scales, the effective viscosity of O/W is higher when compared to that of W/O. These asymmetric behaviours are expected to be caused by the presence of surface-active contaminants from the walls of the system. By introducing an oil-soluble surfactant at high concentration, remarkably, we recover the symmetry (droplet size and effective viscosity) between O/W and W/O emulsions. Based on this, we suggest a possible mechanism responsible for the initial asymmetry and reach conclusions on emulsions where interfaces are fully covered by the surfactant. Next, we discuss what sets the droplet size in turbulent emulsions. We uncover a

$-6/5$

scaling dependence of the droplet size on the Reynolds number of the flow. Combining the scaling dependence and the droplet Weber number, we conclude that the droplet fragmentation, which determines the droplet size, occurs within the boundary layer and is controlled by the dynamic pressure caused by the gradient of the mean flow, as proposed by Levich (Physicochemical Hydrodynamics, Prentice-Hall, 1962), instead of the dynamic pressure due to turbulent fluctuations, as proposed by Kolmogorov (Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, vol. 66, 1949, pp. 825–828). The present findings provide an understanding of both the microscopic droplet formation and the macroscopic rheological behaviours in dynamic emulsification, and connects them.
Fluid–structure interaction in a flexible vegetation canopy in an open channel
Authors: Wang Jianyu , He Guojian , Dey Subhasish , Fang Hongwei
Published: November 2022

Submerged flexible vegetation occupies the core of aquatic ecosystem research. Hydrodynamics of submerged flexible vegetation and its interaction with the flow in an open channel are of great significance in studying the mass and momentum transports in the flow. In this study, a numerical model for highly flexible vegetation based on large eddy simulation and the immersed boundary method was used to simulate the flow–vegetation interaction. It is recognised that alternate vortices with opposite sense rotations appear at the flow–vegetation interface. These vortices prompt the vegetation canopy to have wave-like coherent waving motion, commonly called the monami phenomena. The spatial scale and the spreading velocity in the streamwise direction of these vortices determine the wavelength, frequency and amplitude of the vegetation coherent waving motion. In this study, the fast Fourier transform method was applied to analyse the factors affecting the characteristics of the vegetation coherent waving motion. It is revealed that, as the flow velocity increases, the wavelength of the coherent waving motion decreases, while the frequency and amplitude increase. Besides, as the vegetation spacing increases, the wavelength and amplitude of the coherent waving motion increase, but the frequency decreases. Furthermore, an increase in the relative density of vegetation magnifies the amplitude of coherent waving motion without affecting the wavelength and frequency.
Dating springlines from hydrogeological and archaeological evidence
Authors: Paul Jonathan D. , Moore Peter J.B.
Published: November 2022

The relationship between prehistoric populations and water is often poorly understood, partly as a function of historical reliance on qualitative and fragmentary datasets in many regions. Here, we adopt a quantitative approach to analyze a specific aspect of the relationship between prehistoric populations and water for the Cotswold Hills, southwest UK; an area of documented hydrogeological change and extensive Neolithic (ca. 5.5 ka) activity. Using a database of all known Neolithic monuments, we interrogate the significance of water to their habitation. By marshaling a large dataset of recent (ca. 100 years) changes in the discharge and elevation of 259 springs, we establish a striking negative relationship between present-day spring discharge and annual elevation change. We then formulate an inverse problem to predict spring elevations in Neolithic times. Spring elevations are predicted to be closer to, and higher than, Neolithic-dated sites relative to the location of modern springs. These results emphasize a utilitarian and/or reverential link between water and prehistoric populations. Our approach of reconciling markedly different datasets and timescales can easily be adapted to other regions. While groundwater had behaved reasonably predictably since Neolithic times, recent human activity is (and will continue to be) far more significant in influencing groundwater behavior.
Innovations from the Levant: smallpox inoculation and perceptions of scientific medicine
Authors: Meyer Victoria N.
Published: November 2022

Modern public-health initiatives in industrialized countries revolve around immunization against contagious diseases. The practice of engendering immunity against disease through disease first emerged in Western European social and medical landscapes in the eighteenth century as inoculation, based on the imported Middle Eastern practice of ‘engrafting’. By the nineteenth century, this practice had evolved into the procedure of vaccination, in the first instance directed against smallpox. Popular and academic narratives thus often categorize inoculation as a procedure from the Middle East which was transformed into the truly scientific procedure of vaccination by English and French knowledge. This characterization has obscured the complex traditions of intellectual exchange between English and French networks and Middle Eastern societies in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This article examines these networks in order to show how knowledge was transformed as it circulated between communities during this period. Both Western Europeans and Egyptians across different social hierarchies translated foreign or new medical practices according to the needs of their knowledge and goals, creating cycles of adoption and adaptation. This exploration of inoculation and vaccination furthers our understanding of the bilateral translation processes ingrained in the global circulation of knowledge.
Effect of sheared E × B flow on the blob dynamics in the scrape-off layer of HL-2A tokamak
Authors: Wang W.C. , Cheng J. , Shi Z.B. , Yan L.W. , Huang Z.H. , Wu N. , Zou Q. , Zhu Y.J. , Chen X. , Dong J.Q. , Zhong W.L. , Xu M.
Published: November 2022

The effect of sheared E × B flow on the blob dynamics in the scrape-off layer (SOL) of HL-2A tokamak has been studied during the plasma current ramp-up in ohmically heated deuterium plasmas by the combination of poloidal and radial Langmuir probe arrays. The experimental results indicate that the SOL sheared E × B flow is substantially enhanced as the plasma current exceeds a certain value and the strong sheared E × B flow has the ability to slow the blob radial motion via stretching its poloidal correlation length. The locally accumulated blobs are suggested to be responsible for the increase of plasma density just outside the Last Closed Flux Surface (LCFS) observed in this experiment. The results presented here reveal the significant role played by the strong sheared E × B flow on the blob dynamics, which provides a potential method to control the SOL width by modifying the sheared E × B flow in future tokamak plasmas.
Vitamin D in the prevention or treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Martineau Adrian R.
Published: November 2022

This review summarises evidence relating to a potential role for vitamin D supplementation in the prevention or treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Laboratory studies show that the active vitamin D metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D induces innate antiviral responses and regulates immunopathological inflammation with potentially favourable implications for the host response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Meta-analyses of cross-sectional, case-control and longitudinal studies report consistent protective associations between higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations or vitamin D supplement use and reduced risk and severity of COVID-19. However, Mendelian randomisation studies testing for associations between genetically predicted circulating 25(OH)D concentrations and COVID-19 outcomes have yielded consistently null results. Positive findings from observational epidemiological studies may therefore have arisen as a result of residual or unmeasured confounding or reverse causality. Randomised controlled trials of prophylactic or therapeutic vitamin D supplementation to reduce risk or severity of COVID-19 reporting to date have yielded inconsistent findings. Results of further intervention studies are pending, but current evidence is insufficient to support routine use of vitamin D supplements as a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for COVID-19, or as an adjunct to augment immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Accordingly, national and international bodies have not made any recommendations regarding a role for vitamin D in the prevention or treatment of COVID-19.
Characterisation of burden of illness measures associated with human (Fluoro)quinolone-resistant Campylobacter spp. infections – a scoping review
Authors: Isada M. J. , Reist M. , MacKinnon M. C. , Uhland F. C. , Young K. M. , Gibbens K. , Parmley E. J. , Carson C. A.
Published: November 2022

Campylobacter spp. are one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in Canada and worldwide. Fluoroquinolones are often used to treat complicated human campylobacteriosis and strains of Campylobacter spp. resistant to these drugs are emerging along the food chain. A scoping review was conducted to summarise how human (fluoro)quinolone-resistant (FQR; quinolones including fluoroquinolones) Campylobacter spp. infections are characterised in the literature by describing how burden of illness (BOI) associated with FQR is measured and reported, describing the variability in reporting of study characteristics, and providing a narrative review of literature that compare BOI measures of FQR Campylobacter spp. infections to those with susceptible infections. The review identified 26 studies that yielded many case reports, a lack of recent literature and a lack of Canadian data. Studies reported 26 different BOI measures and the most common were hospitalisation, diarrhoea, fever and duration of illness. There were mixed results as BOI measures reported in literature were inconsistently defined and there were limited comparisons between resistant and susceptible infections. This presents a challenge when attempting to assess the magnitude of the BOI due to FQR Campylobacter spp., highlighting the need for more research in this area.
Financial or non-financial shocks: rivals that play together
Authors: Ghiaie Hamed
Published: November 2022

This paper estimates a model using Bayesian methods and data from the USA (1990Q1–2019Q2) to explore how the financial sector contributes to business cycles through banks’ asset channel and the quality of capital adequacy constraint. The paper shows that the contribution of financial and non-financial shocks varied before, during, and after the 2008 financial crisis; housing demand and asset price shocks are the main contributors, and the credit shocks are the most persistent. In addition, the paper presents the application of macroprudential tools, along with their impact on the economy in general, and on welfare in particular. The findings illustrate that the tools which control household borrowing ability, such as loan-to-value or debt-to-income ratios, do not impact welfare significantly. However, the impact of policies on the leveraged sector is substantial. The paper proposes macroprudential policies that allow policy-makers to stabilize the economy without changing welfare. Such policies, however, should be timely, targeted, and temporary; otherwise, they may cause disruptions.
Increasing visibility of persons with disabilities in armed conflict: Implications for interpreting and applying IHL
Authors: Breitegger Alexander
Published: November 2022

While persons with disabilities are protected under existing international humanitarian law (IHL), the specific risks and barriers to which these persons are exposed during armed conflict must be better factored into the interpretation and implementation of these rules. The complementarity between IHL and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) may make an important contribution towards a more disability-inclusive implementation of IHL. This article focuses on two major areas addressed by IHL – namely, the conduct of hostilities and detention – against the backdrop of the concept of and agency associated with disability enshrined in the CRPD. This analysis is based on the lived experiences shared by persons with disabilities in consultations co-organized in 2022 by the UN Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the International Committee of the Red Cross, the International Disability Forum, the European Disability Forum and the Diakonia IHL Centre.
Molecular‐Multiproxy Assessment of Land‐Derived Organic Matter Degradation Over Extensive Scales of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf Seas
Authors: Matsubara F. , Wild B. , Martens J. , Andersson A. , Wennström R. , Bröder L. , Dudarev O. V. , Semiletov I. , Gustafsson Ö.
Published: November 2022

Global warming triggers permafrost thaw, which increases the release of terrigenous organic matter (terr‐OM) to the Arctic Ocean by coastal erosion and rivers. Terrigenous OM degradation in the Arctic Ocean contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and severe ocean acidification, yet the vulnerability of different terr‐OM components is poorly resolved. Here, terr‐OM degradation dynamics are studied with unprecedented spatial coverage over the World's largest shelf sea system—the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS), using a multi‐proxy molecular biomarker approach. Mineral‐surface‐area‐normalized concentrations of terr‐OM compounds in surface sediments decreases offshore. Differences between terr‐OM compound classes (lignin phenols, high‐molecular weight [HMW] n‐alkanes, n‐alkanoic acids and n‐alkanols, sterols, 3,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acids, cutin acids) reflect contrasting influence of sources, propensity to microbial degradation and association with sedimenting particles, with lignin phenols disappearing 3‐times faster than total terr‐OM, and twice faster than other biomarkers. Molecular degradation proxies support substantial terr‐OM degradation across the ESAS, with clearest trends shown by: 3,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid/vanillyl phenol ratios, acid‐to‐aldehyde ratios of syringyl and vanillyl phenols, Carbon Preference Indices of HMW n‐alkyl compounds and sitostanol/β‐sitosterol. The combination of terr‐OM biomarker data with δ13C/Δ14C‐based source apportionment indicates that the more degraded state of lignin is influenced by the relative contribution of river‐transported terr‐OM from surface soils, while HMW n‐alkanoic acids and stigmasterol are influenced by erosion‐derived terr‐OM from Ice Complex deposits. Our findings demonstrate differences in vulnerability to degradation between contrasting terr‐OM pools, and underscore the need to consider molecular properties for understanding and modeling of large‐scale biogeochemical processes of the permafrost carbon‐climate feedback.
Model Simulation of SAID Intensification in the Ionosphere Under a Current Generator: The Role of Ion Pedersen Transport
Authors: Liang J. , St‐Maurice J.‐P. , Donovan E. F.
Published: November 2022

During geomagnetically active intervals, latitudinally narrow channels of fast westward ion drifts were at times observed in the subauroral region. They are termed the “subauroral ion drifts” (SAID). The Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE), a subauroral optical phenomenon, is intrinsically related to intense SAID. Recently, we had developed a two‐dimensional (2D) time‐dependent model to study the self‐consistent variations of the ionosphere under intense SAID. The present study further advances the model to a current generator scenario of SAID. By assuming magnetospheric field‐aligned current (FAC) inputs based on existing knowledge and observations, we model the self‐consistent variations of the ionosphere, with focus on the dynamic changes of the plasma density, the Pedersen conductance, and the electric field. We can reproduce the self‐consistent evolution of an intense SAID and its associated ionospheric dynamics such as extreme heating and depletion. We illustrate that the ion Pedersen drifts can cause dynamic density variations in the lower ionosphere. Positive feedback is found to exist between the self‐consistent variations of the electric field and the conductance: the ion Pedersen transport associated with the electric field leads to density depletion in the lower ionosphere, thus reducing the Pedersen conductance and further enhancing the electric field there. We conclude that such positive feedback is key to the formation of intense SAID's in the ionosphere.
Modeling Isoprene Emission Response to Drought and Heatwaves Within MEGAN Using Evapotranspiration Data and by Coupling With the Community Land Model
Authors: Wang Hui , Lu Xinchen , Seco Roger , Stavrakou Trissevgeni , Karl Thomas , Jiang Xiaoyan , Gu Lianhong , Guenther Alex B.
Published: November 2022

We introduce two new drought stress algorithms designed to simulate isoprene emission with the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) model. The two approaches include the representation of the impact of drought on isoprene emission with a simple empirical approach for offline MEGAN applications and a more process‐based approach for online MEGAN in Community Land Model (CLM) simulations. The two versions differ in their implementation of leaf‐temperature impacts of mild drought. For the online version of MEGAN that is coupled to CLM, the impact of drought on leaf temperature is simulated directly and the calculated leaf temperature is considered for the estimation of isoprene emission. For the offline version, we apply an empirical algorithm derived from whole‐canopy flux measurements for simulating the impact of drought ranging from mild to severe stage. In addition, the offline approach adopts the ratio (fPET) of actual evapotranspiration to potential evapotranspiration to quantify the severity of drought instead of using soil moisture. We applied the two algorithms in the CLM‐CAM‐chem (the Community Atmosphere Model with Chemistry) model to simulate the impact of drought on isoprene emission and found that drought can decrease isoprene emission globally by 11% in 2012. We further compared the formaldehyde (HCHO) vertical column density simulated by CAM‐chem to satellite HCHO observations. We found that the proposed drought algorithm can improve the match with the HCHO observations during droughts, but the performance of the drought algorithm is limited by the capacity of the model to capture the severity of drought.
Steel rust layers immersed in the South China Sea with a highly corrosive Desulfovibrio strain
Authors: Dong Xucheng , Zhai Xiaofan , Zhang Yimeng , Yang Jing , Guan Fang , Duan Jizhou , Sun Jiawen , Zhang Ruiyong , Hou Baorong
Published: November 2022

Although it is well known that microbes play a significant role in marine corrosion, few studies have systematically studied the relationship between microorganisms and corrosion products under long-term immersion. In this study, the corrosion characteristics of the rust layer formed on carbon steel immersed in the South China Sea for 5.5 years were investigated using various surface analysis and microbial community analysis techniques. Magnetite (Fe3O4), iron sulfide, and green rust were identified in the inner rust layer. The middle rust layer was composed of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), and some Fe3O4 and mackinamite were also detected. The outer rust layer contained several Fe(III)-oxyhydroxides, and it had a large number of fouling organisms attached to it. In all of the rust layers, anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were the dominant bacteria, and they may have played a key role in the formation of the corrosion products. One SRB strain (Desulfovibrio bizertensis SY-1) with a highly corrosivity (13.561 mg/cm2) was isolated from these rust layers, and its physiological and metabolic characteristics were studied. These results expand the membership of corrosive SRB and establish a better understanding of marine microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC).
Generalizations of incompressible and compressible Navier–Stokes equations to fractional time and multi-fractional space
Authors: Kavvas M. Levent , Ercan Ali
Published: November 2022

This study develops the governing equations of unsteady multi-dimensional incompressible and compressible flow in fractional time and multi-fractional space. When their fractional powers in time and in multi-fractional space are specified to unit integer values, the developed fractional equations of continuity and momentum for incompressible and compressible fluid flow reduce to the classical Navier–Stokes equations. As such, these fractional governing equations for fluid flow may be interpreted as generalizations of the classical Navier–Stokes equations. The derived governing equations of fluid flow in fractional differentiation framework herein are nonlocal in time and space. Therefore, they can quantify the effects of initial and boundary conditions better than the classical Navier–Stokes equations. For the frictionless flow conditions, the corresponding fractional governing equations were also developed as a special case of the fractional governing equations of incompressible flow. When their derivative fractional powers are specified to unit integers, these equations are shown to reduce to the classical Euler equations. The numerical simulations are also performed to investigate the merits of the proposed fractional governing equations. It is shown that the developed equations are capable of simulating anomalous sub- and super-diffusion due to their nonlocal behavior in time and space.
The role of a second diffusing component on the Gill–Rees stability problem
Authors: Shankar B. M. , Nagamani K. V. , Shivakumara I. S.
Published: November 2022

The stability of natural convection in a vertical porous layer using a local thermal nonequilibrium model was first studied by Rees (Transp Porous Med 87:459–464, 2011) following the proof of Gill (J Fluid Mech 35:545–547, 1969), called the Gill–Rees stability problem. The aim of the present study is to investigate the implication of an additional solute concentration field on the Gill–Rees problem. The stability eigenvalue problem is solved numerically and some novel results not observed in the studies of double-diffusive natural convection in vertical porous (local thermal equilibrium case) and non-porous layers are disclosed. The possibility of natural convection parallel flow in the basic state becoming unstable due to the addition of an extra diffusing component is established. In some cases, the neutral stability curves of stationary and travelling-wave modes are connected to form a loop within which the flow is unstable indicating the requirement of two thermal Darcy–Rayleigh numbers to specify the stability/instability criteria. Moreover, the change in the mode of instability is recognized in some parametric space. The results for the extreme cases of the scaled interphase heat transfer coefficient are discussed.
Psychotropic drug purchases during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy and their relationship with mobility restrictions
Authors: Marazzi Francesca , Piano Mortari Andrea , Belotti Federico , Carrà Giuseppe , Cattuto Ciro , Kopinska Joanna , Paolotti Daniela , Atella Vincenzo
Published: November 2022

Recent literature on the mental health consequences of social distancing measures has found a substantial increase in self-reported sleep disorders, anxiety and depressive symptoms during lockdown periods. We investigate this issue with data on monthly purchases of psychotropic drugs from the universe of Italian pharmacies during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and find that purchases of mental health-related drugs have increased with respect to 2019. However, the excess volumes do not match the massive increase in anxiety and depressive disorders found in survey-based studies. We also study the interplay between mobility, measured with anonymized mobile phone data, and mental health and report no significant effect of mobility restrictions on antidepressants and anxiolytics purchases during 2020. We provide three potential mechanisms that could drive the discrepancy between self-reported mental health surveys and psychotropic drugs prescription registries: (1) stockpiling practices in the early phases of the pandemic; (2) the adoption of compensatory behavior and (3) unexpressed and unmet needs due to both demand- and supply-side shortages in healthcare services.
Eye problems and musculoskeletal pain in Pokémon Go players
Authors: Kaczmarek Lukasz D. , Behnke Maciej , Dżon Marzena
Published: November 2022

Individuals benefit from Pokémon Go (PG) gaming because this mobile augmented reality geolocation video game provides an attractive opportunity to increase physical activity outdoors and socialize. However, based on gaming and electronic media studies, intense involvement with PG is likely related to adverse phenomena, such as arm pain or eye-related problems. We aimed to test how PG use (problematic vs. non-problematic gaming and gaming time) is related to physical symptoms (pain in three body regions and computer vision syndrome). To dissect game-specific effects, we controlled for general problematic smartphone use, phubbing, and electronic media usage. PG players (N = 455) completed an online survey. We found that PG players with problematic game use reported more pain and vision problems. Problematic PG use was a better predictor of physical symptoms than PG gaming time and variables related to electronic media use. Problematic PG use and problematic smartphone use were correlated but independent predictors of physical symptoms. We conclude that the type of participation rather than the time spent playing predicts poorer physical health among PG players.
Assessing the level of perceived social support among community-dwelling stroke survivors using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support
Authors: Ng Shamay S. M. , Liu Tai Wa , Ho Lily Y. W. , Chan Nga Huen , Wong Thomson W. L. , Tsoh Joshua
Published: November 2022

Social support has an important role in stroke rehabilitation. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) is an instrument examining the adequacy of perceived social support. However, the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of MSPSS (MSPSS-C) have not been examined in Chinese people with stroke. This study aimed at investigating the psychometric properties of the MSPSS-C, identifying the correlations between MSPSS-C scores and health-related measures of these people; and examining the differences in the levels of perceived social support between people with and without stroke in Hong Kong using a cohort of 57 community-dwelling people with stroke and 50 age-matched healthy controls. We found that the MSPSS-C subscales demonstrated excellent internal consistency, and a ceiling effect was observed for the family subscale of the MSPSS-C. The total MSPSS-C score had significant weak to moderate correlations with the scores of the concerned variables of interests. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure for the MSPSS-C. People with stroke had lower levels of perceived social support from friends and their significant other than those without stroke. The MSPSS-C is a valid tool for assessing perceived social support among chronic stroke survivors with moderate to very severe motor impairment.
Seismic seiche-related oscillations in Lake Biwa, Japan, after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake
Authors: Iwaki Maho , Toda Takashi
Published: November 2022

Seismic seiche-related oscillations caused by Rayleigh waves from large earthquakes are yet to be explored and elucidated comprehensively, then need to accumulate continuously. Herein, we investigated water level fluctuations in Lake Biwa of Japan from surface seiches following the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. Lake Biwa is the largest freshwater resource in Japan, and a small change in its water level can affect local ecosystems. Field observations were conducted during 2010–2012 using a water level gauge with a 1 mm resolution and 2 min data sampling interval. Fast Fourier transform and maximum entropy methods were used for data spectral analysis to distinguish the effects of inherent oscillations on water levels generated by the earthquake. We considered that water level changes were influenced by long-period Rayleigh waves. We observed a wave with a 3.08–3.10 h duration, which was close to the duration determined for the Rayleigh waves (3.08 h). The 3.08–3.10 h wave was caused by forced oscillation of Rayleigh waves characterised by a frequency close to the natural frequency and excited by the earthquake. Overall, our findings suggest that water level fluctuations can be good indicators of high-magnitude earthquakes.
The emotional state and social support of pregnant women attending childbirth classes in the context of physical activity
Authors: Kowalska Joanna , Dulnik Małgorzata , Guzek Zbigniew , Strojek Kinga
Published: November 2022

Childbirth classes combined with elements of psychoprophylaxis and psychoeducation prepare women and their partners for childbirth and influence the level of their perceived stress and mood disorders. Participation in these classes may come as a form of support for pregnant women, or an opportunity to build self-efficacy and commence regular physical activity. The aim of this study was assess the emotional state, social support and self-efficacy of pregnant women attending childbirth classes, in the context of physical activity undertaken. The study included 101 pregnant women. The Berlin Social Support Scale (BSSS), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used during their first day of attendance at the childbirth classes (initial survey; T1) and after 10 weeks of participation in these classes (final survey; T2). After 10 weeks of childbirth classes, there was a statistically significant change in the BSSS, specifically in the area of Perceived Available Support, GSES, PSS-10, and STAI X-2. There was no significant relationship established between the emotional state and the physical activity undertaken before and during pregnancy or with the social support received.
Discovery of an agonistic Siglec-6 antibody that inhibits and reduces human mast cells
Authors: Schanin Julia , Korver Wouter , Brock Emily C. , Leung John , Benet Zachary , Luu Thuy , Chang Katherine , Xu Alan , De Freitas Naomi , Luehrsen Kenneth , Brehm Michael A. , Wong Alan , Youngblood Bradford A.
Published: November 2022

Mast cells (MC) are key drivers of allergic and inflammatory diseases. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-6 is an immunoregulatory receptor found on MCs. While it is recognized that engaging Siglecs with antibodies mediates inhibition across immune cells, the mechanisms that govern this agonism are not understood. Here we generated Siglec-6 mAb clones (AK01 to AK18) to better understand Siglec-6-mediated agonism. Siglec-6 mAbs displayed epitope-dependent receptor internalization and inhibitory activity. We identified a Siglec-6 mAb (AK04) that required Fc-mediated interaction for receptor internalization and induced inhibition and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis against MCs. AK04-mediated MC inhibition required Siglec-6 immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and ITIM-like domains and was associated with receptor cluster formation containing inhibitory phosphatases. Treatment of humanized mice with AK04 inhibited systemic anaphylaxis with a single dose and reduced MCs with chronic dosing. Our findings suggest Siglec-6 activity is epitope dependent and highlight an agonistic Siglec-6 mAb as a potential therapeutic approach in allergic disease.
Descriptor-based identification of bimetallic-derived catalysts for selective activation of ethane with CO2
Authors: Guo Haoyue , Xie Zhenhua , Wang Xuelong , Chen Jingguang G. , Liu Ping
Published: November 2022

Ethane–CO2reaction over a wide range of bimetallic-derived catalysts was adopted to unravel the structure–function relationship over two types of representative structures.
Effect of membrane mechanics on AEM fuel cell performance
Authors: Raut Aniket , Fang Haoyan , Lin Yu-Chung , Sprouster David , Yin Yifan , Fang Yiwei , Fu Shi , Sharma Sunil , Wang Likun , Bae Chulsung , Rafailovich Miriam
Published: November 2022

This work underscores the relationship between the mechanical properties of anion exchange membranes and pH, which together can have a profound effect on the power output of the fuel cells.
Pointwise Estimate of Cahn-Hilliard Equation with Inertial Term in ℝ3
Authors: XU Hongmei , ZHU Yue
Published: November 2022

Cauchy problem of Cahn-Hilliard equation with inertial term in three-dimensional space is considered. Using delicate analysis of its Green function and its convolution with nonlinear term, pointwise decay rate is obtained.
The Minkowski Measure of Asymmetry for Spherical Bodies of Constant Width
Authors: HOU Peiwen , JIN Hailin
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we introduce the Minkowski measure of asymmetry for the spherical bodies of constant width. Then we prove that the spherical balls are the most symmetric bodies among all spherical bodies of constant width, and the completion of the spherical regular simplexes are the most asymmetric bodies.
A Class of n-to-1 Binomials over Finite Fields
Authors: QIN Xiaoer , YAN Li
Published: November 2022

[see formula in PDF]-to-1 mappings have many applications in combinatorial design, coding theory and cryptography. In this paper, by using piecewise method and monomials on subsets of [see formula in PDF]-th roots of unity, we show a class of [see formula in PDF]-to-1 binomials having the form [see formula in PDF] over [see formula in PDF].
Back Frame Optimization of a Large Radio Telescope Based on Force Cone Method
Authors: WU Qinglong , YAO Zhan , WU Tanhui , FANG Houfei , HOU Yangqing
Published: November 2022

A new research perspective is proposed to optimize the topology of truss structure by force cone method, which involves force cone drawing rules and growth rules. Through the comparison with the mature variable density topology optimization method, the effectiveness of force cone method is verified. This kind of new method is simple and easy to understand (no need to master complex structural optimization design theory). Besides, it is time-saving in finite element calculations, and can obtain an optimized truss layout easily. By drawing the force cone, its application on a large radio telescope's back frame structure shows that, compared with the existing one in terms of structural stiffness, Root Mean Square (RMS) precision, and beam stress distribution, the optimized back frame using the force cone method has higher stiffness, better RMS, more uniform stress, and lighter weight.
Study on the Predictive of Dynamic Milling Force of Milling Process Based on Data Mining
Authors: JIN Lan , WU Lishuang , ZHANG Xuefeng , XIE Liming
Published: November 2022

To improve surface accuracy of the work-piece and obtain potentially valuable information, a dynamic milling force prediction model was proposed based on data mining. In view of the current dynamic milling force obtained through finite element simulation and analytical calculation, in the finite element modeling, the model built is inevitably different from the actual working conditions, and the analytical calculation is slightly cumbersome and complex, and a dynamic milling force prediction model based on data mining is proposed. The model was established using a combination of regression analysis and Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network. Using data mining as a means, the internal relationship between milling force, cutting parameters, temperature, vibration and surface quality is deeply analyzed, and the influence of dynamic milling force changes on different situations is extracted and summarized by the methods of cluster analysis and correlation analysis. The results show that the proposed dynamic milling force model has a good prediction effect, ensures the production quality, reduces the occurrence of flutter, improves the surface accuracy of the work-piece, and provides a more accurate basis for the selection of process parameters.
In situ calibration of charged particle spectrometers on the OMEGA Laser Facility using 241Am and 226Ra sources
Authors: Adrian P. J. , Armstrong J. , Birkel A. , Chang C. , Dannhoff S. , Evans T. , Johnson M. Gatu , Johnson T. M. , Kabadi N. , Kunimune J. , Li C. K. , Reichelt B. , Regan S. P. , Pearcy J. , Petrasso R. D. , Pien G. , McCluskey M. , Séguin F. H. , Sutcliffe G. D. , Frenje J. A.
Published: November 2022

Charged particle spectrometry is a critical diagnostic to study inertial-confinement-fusion plasmas and high energy density plasmas. The OMEGA Laser Facility has two fixed magnetic charged particle spectrometers (CPSs) to measure MeV-ions. In situ calibration of these spectrometers was carried out using 241Am and 226Ra alpha emitters. The alpha emission spectrum from the sources was measured independently using surface-barrier detectors (SBDs). The energy dispersion and broadening of the CPS systems were determined by comparing the CPS measured alpha spectrum to that of the SBD. The calibration method significantly constrains the energy dispersion, which was previously obtained through the measurement of charged particle fusion products. Overall, a small shift of 100 keV was observed between previous and the calibration done in this work.
Neutron time-of-flight detectors (nTOF) used at Sandia’s Z-Machine
Authors: Chandler G. A. , Ruiz C. L. , Cooper G. W. , Torres J. A. , Mangan M. A. , Whitlow G. M. , Ampleford D. J. , Jones M. C. , Buckles R. A. , Moy K. J. , Garza I. , Staska M. , Wolverton A. , Davis B.
Published: November 2022

Neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) detectors have been used on Sandia National Laboratories’ Z-Machine for inertial confinement fusion and magnetized liner fusion experiments to infer physics parameters including the apparent fuel-ion temperature, neutron yield, the magnetic-radius product (BR), and the liner rho-r. Single-paddle, dual-paddle, and co-axial scintillation nTOF detectors are used in axial lines-of-sight (LOS) and LOS that are 12° from the midplane. Detector fabrication, characterization, and calibration are discussed.
Tunnel magnetoresistance sensors with symmetric resistance-field response and noise properties under AC magnetic field modulation
Authors: Nakatani Tomoya , Suto Hirofumi , Kulkarni Prabhanjan D. , Iwasaki Hitoshi , Sakuraba Yuya
Published: November 2022

Magnetoresistance (MR) devices with symmetric (even-function) resistance change to an external magnetic field is useful for various magnetic sensor applications, such as encoders for position and rotation detection and ultra-sensitive magnetic field sensors, when combined with a frequency modulation method. In this study, we developed tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors with even-function resistance–field (R–H) responses and investigated their noise properties. The developed TMR sensors achieved a higher MR ratio (∼120%) than those of conventional giant magnetoresistive multilayers exhibiting even-function R–H responses. The TMR sensors were realized by stabilizing the magnetization of the magnetic free layer (FL) in an anti-parallel configuration with respect to that of the reference layer. Orange-peel ferromagnetic coupling between the FL and a pinned layer through an AgSn spacer layer was used to control the strength of the unidirectional magnetic anisotropy of the FL, by which even-function R–H responses with negligible hysteresis were obtained. The sensors enabled us to study the intrinsic noise properties of TMR devices, particularly under an external AC modulation magnetic field. We found that the magnetic 1/f noise originating from thermal magnetization fluctuation was the dominant noise of the TMR sensors at low frequencies. We observed that the application of an AC modulation field to the TMR sensors increased the noise owing to the magnetic domain fluctuation and the transfer of magnetic 1/f noise to the modulation frequency.
Resonant thermal Hall effect of phonons coupled to dynamical defects
Authors: Guo Haoyu , Joshi Darshan G. , Sachdev Subir
Published: November 2022

We present computations of the thermal Hall coefficient of phonons scattering off a defect with multiple energy levels. Using a microscopic formulation based on the Kubo formula, we find that the leading contribution perturbative in the phonon–defect coupling is proportional to the phonon lifetime and has a “side-jump” interpretation. Consequently, the thermal Hall angle is independent of the phonon lifetime. The contribution to the thermal Hall coefficient is at resonance when the phonon energy equals a defect-level spacing. Our results are obtained for three different defect models, which apply to different correlated electron materials. For the pseudogap regime of the cuprates, we propose a model of phonons coupled to an impurity quantum spin in the presence of quasistatic magnetic order with an isotropic Zeeman coupling to the applied field and without spin–orbit interaction.