bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Search of a Legal Conscience: Juridical Reformism in the Mid-19th Century Peace Movement
Authors: De Rycke Wouter
Published: September 2019

The rise of modern international law as an autonomous scientific discipline in the early 1870s can be considered the culmination of multiple legal and extra-legal processes which trace their origins back to much earlier in the century. Several decades before the founders of the Institut de Droit International declared themselves the “legal conscience of the civilized world”, other societal groups had already expressed profound disaffection with the existing law of nations, which they viewed as inherently insufficient to guarantee lasting stability amongst civilized states. The conferences of the “Friends of Peace”, held between 1843 and 1851 in several European cities, featured many jurists who routinely employed legal modes of reasoning to communicate and advance legalistic objectives such as mandatory international adjudication and the codification of international law.
Mitarbeiterbeteiligung als Baustein der Unternehmensfinanzierung
Authors: Sendel-Müller Markus
Published: September 2019

Small and medium-sized companies often face only limited access to capital markets. This structural disadvantage in corporate financing leads to them engaging in a permanent search for alternative sources of financing. This book examines the conditions that must be met in order for employees’ financial participation schemes to represent such an alternative and to contribute to greater diversification of the financing strategies of small and medium-sized enterprises. For this purpose, this study develops a building block model, which, if applied consistently, combines the financial advantages of employees’ financial participation with the subsidies of state development institutions. The aim of this book is to give new impetus to the discussion on the further spread of employees’ financial participation in Germany from an entrepreneurial perspective.
Fouling in Heat Exchangers
Authors: García Sergio , Trueba Alfredo
Published: September 2019

A major problem in industries that use heat exchanger equipment cooled with water in their industrial processes is biofouling. In the design and operation of heat exchangers cooled with water, a coefficient of biological must be considered, which affects the efficiency of the equipment. For this reason, it is necessary to apply appropriate antifouling treatments to the design of each heat exchanger. In order to minimize the undesirable phenomenon of biofouling, various mitigation methods have been developed over the last 30 years, both online and offline, of a physical, chemical, or biological nature. Most of these methods are well contrasted and are applied in the regular operation of the facilities, although some methodology approaches are in the research and development phase. However, the application of most of these methods requires interrupting the production, periodically, in order to clean the biofouling, seriously damaging the performance and operation of the installation. The “online” methods to biofouling control are chemical (oxidizing, and non-oxidants), biological and physical treatments. Nowadays, other methodologies of biofouling mitigation that do not affect the environment are being investigated, although, until now, none have been found that are substitutes for chemical agents and that have the same or with higher efficiency.
Edith Stein and the Ethics of Renewal
Authors: Tullius William E. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2019

While Edith Stein never developed an ethics of her own, her work is nonetheless suggestive of an “ethics of renewal,” which appears in nuce in various moments of her corpus. First, in her phenomenological treatises, Stein analyzes the ethical development of personality in the unfolding of the personal “core” as responding to ever higher value domains. During the 1930s, this becomes a project of living out a moral vocation bestowed by God. In Endliches und ewiges Sein, the moral life becomes a work of renewal in connection with the Teresian metaphor of the “interior castle.” Morality, for Stein, emerges from out of an inner, personal work of the soul’s conscious refurbishment according to its essential structure by coming to terms with the value-world and with God. This paper will attempt to develop Stein’s account of the nature of the moral task as renewal and some implications for moral theory.
Percepção da equipe técnica sobre as práticas corporais na redução de danos em dependentes químicos
Authors: Manske George Saliba , Onishi Luiz Antonio
Published: September 2019

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender a percepção da equipe técnica de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS-ad) num município do sul do Brasil sobre as influências das práticas corporais na redução de danos nos dependentes químicos. Os dados foram coletados através de uma entrevista semiestruturada, sendo analisados sob a ótica da análise temática. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que a equipe técnica possui conhecimento sobre as práticas corporais e, mesmo não conhecendo todo o universo desta atividade, acredita que deveria fazer parte do rol de opções a serem ofertadas quando da estruturação dos Projetos Terapêuticos Singulares (PTS).
A avaliação do estagiário na formação docente no Programa Especial de Graduação para a Educação Técnica e Profissional da UFSM
Authors: Rigo Paula Donaduzzi , Marcuzzo Rafael , Correa Aruna Noal
Published: September 2019

Neste trabalho apresenta-se o relato de experiência de estágio de dois egressos do Curso de Formação de Professores para a Educação Profissional, mantido pela UFSM. Nessa perspectiva, apresenta-se a contribuição da avaliação dos estagiários para discutir os pontos positivos e as necessidades de melhoria no decorrer da formação docente. Conclui-se que o processo de avaliação é fundamental, tanto para a formação de professores, quanto para a atividade docente e, sobretudo, o estudo serve de base reflexiva para os profissionais docentes nas áreas de bacharelado, questionando a validade de processos auto-avaliativos acerca da ação docente, bem como para ressaltar a importância de acompanhamento dos estagiários durante sua atuação em campo de estágio e o feedback constante sobre sua atuação frente aos alunos.Palavras-chave: avaliação; formação de professores; educação profissional.
Perceived autonomy support and motivation in young people: A comparative investigation of physical education and leisure-time in four countries
Authors: Soos Istvan , Dizmatsek Ibolya , Ling Jonathan , Ojelabi Adedokun , Simonek Jaromir , Boros-Balint Iulianna , Szabo Peter , Szabo Attila , Hamar Pal
Published: September 2019

Physical education focuses on the development of sports skills as well as fitness for health. In Central European countries there has been a shift in these focuses since the fall of Communism to follow internationally-recognised health-related physical activity recommendations, similar to Western European countries. In this study we investigated the extent to which motivation from school physical education transfers to leisure-time physical activity providing autonomy support by three social agents: school (physical education teachers), family and peers. Our study utilised the Aetological Approach (AA), Ecological Model (EM) and the Trans-Contextual Model (TCM) that consists of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to explore how autonomous motivation is transferred between contexts (physical education, leisure-time and current behaviour). Nine-hundred and seventy-four students aged 11–18 (55% girls) participated in our study from four countries: Hungary, United Kingdom, Romania and Slovakia. A prospective research design was employed, and questionnaires were administered at three time points. Using 7-point Likert scales, attitude, usefulness, and affectiveness were measured. Furthermore, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control (PBC) were tested within TPB. Autonomous and controlling motivation were measured within SDT by administering the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise questionnaires (BREQ and BREQ-2). Finally, past physical activity, intention and current physical activity behaviours were tested. Results indicated that perceived autonomy support from family and friends predicted autonomous motivation towards leisure-time physical activity in all four countries. However, teachers’ behaviour in some Eastern European countries did not predict this transfer. In general, in line with previous literature, boys reported more physical activity than girls. A strong influencing factor in the path model was that past behaviour predicted current behaviour, and according to that factor, boys reported being more active than girls.Boys also perceived more support from PE teachers than girls which was likely to have influenced their autonomous motivation in PE, which in turn transferred to leisure time. We discuss these results in the context of theories exploring the role of motivation and social environment on children’s choices related to physical activity. In conclusion, we suggest providing more autonomy support, especially by schools, for the enhancement of autonomous motivation of young people to promote their leisure time physical activity.
Memory-related encoding-specificity paradigm: Experimental application to the exercise domain
Authors: Yanes Danielle , Frith Emily , Loprinzi Paul D.
Published: September 2019

The Encoding-Specificity Paradigm indicates that memory recall will be superior when contextual factors are congruent between memory encoding and memory retrieval. However, unlike other contextual conditions (e.g., verbal context, mental operations, global feature context, mood dependency, and physical operations), this paradigm has nearly been ignored in the exercise domain. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the Encoding-Specificity Paradigm in the context of exercise and rest conditions. 24 young adults (age: M = 21 years) completed a within-subject, counterbalanced experiment involving four laboratory visits, including 1) R-R (rest-rest) condition, 2) R-E (rest-exercise) condition, 3) E-R (exercise-rest) condition, or 4) E-E (exercise-exercise) condition. The exercise bout included a 15-minute moderate-intensity walk on a treadmill. Memory recall was assessed via a 15 word-list task. Memory recall was greater for R-R (8.71 ± 3.1) versus R-E (7.46 ± 2.8), and similarly, for E-E (8.63 ± 2.7) versus E-R (8.21 ± 2.7). The mean word recall for the congruent and incongruent conditions, respectively, was 8.67 (2.4) and 7.83 (2.4). There was a statistically significant condition effect (F = 5.02; P = .03; partial η² = .18). This experiment provides direct support for the Encoding-Specificity Paradigm in the exercise domain.
Façonner les émotions en Ehpad
Authors: Guérin Laura
Published: September 2019

En France, la lutte contre la solitude des personnes âgées est récemment devenue un enjeu fort des politiques publiques. Cet article propose d’étudier comment cette lutte est construite et mise en oeuvre en établissement d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (Ehpad). En se basant sur une démarche ethnographique, il montre de quelle manière le repas considéré comme l’activité centrale de lutte contre la solitude au grand âge. Il se focalise sur le travail émotionnel à la charge des professionnels de l’institution, et à destination des résidents, visant à ce que ces derniers réinterprètent leur présence en Ehpad non comme un isolement et le moment de la fin de vie, mais comme l’opportunité de tisser de nouveaux liens. Il décrit en parallèle les tensions quotidiennes et la normalisation des conduites qu’une telle lutte amène.
Solitudes et vieillissement
Authors: Kirouac Laurie , Charpentier Michèle
Published: September 2019

Au Canada et au Québec, assez peu de recherches se sont intéressées au phénomène de la solitude chez les personnes âgées, contrairement aux nombreux travaux réalisés sur la question de leur isolement social. L’état actuel des connaissances suggère pourtant que la solitude représente une problématique sociale d’importance susceptible de compromettre à différents degrés l’état de santé et de bien-être des aînés. À partir d’une approche méthodologique qualitative et d’entretiens semi-directifs menés avec des personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus habitant seuls, cet article propose d’appréhender l’expérience de la solitude des aînés, ses multiples dimensions et logiques d’action, incluant les stratégies pour composer avec elle. Comme nous le verrons, l’expérience de la solitude des aînés est marquée par l’hétérogénéité de ses formes (solitude solitaire, solitude familiale, sociale et affective, solitude existentielle et esseulée). De plus, si la plupart de ces formes de solitude cristallisent une transformation des liens sociaux des aînés allant dans le sens de leur délitement, elles engagent aussi bien souvent, à différents degrés, leur rapport à soi, aux autres et/ou au monde. Il s’agira enfin de mettre en lumière comment des facteurs sociaux, tels que l’âge, l’état de santé, le genre, le statut matrimonial, le réseau social et les conditions socioéconomiques, modulent l’expérience de la solitude des aînés, notamment leur manière de la concevoir et les moyens mis en oeuvre pour l’apaiser.
Vivre seul
Authors: Doucet Marie-Chantal
Published: September 2019

Ce texte, présenté comme un itinéraire de recherche, porte sur le phénomène de la vie seule dans les grandes villes moderne. Le nombre croissant de personnes vivant seules amène à penser que de nouvelles dynamiques sont à l’oeuvre. Vivre seul semble tributaire d’un « état d’esprit » contemporain dont la ville est tout particulièrement le théâtre. Des traits communs de ces expériences diversifiées du vivre seul sont examinés sous la loupe d’une sociologie de l’individuation. Or, l’équivoque que représente ce phénomène dans les sociétés contemporaines peut être associé à trois tensions principales que nous allons exposer : une tension entre intériorité et extériorité ; entre proximité et distance ; entre différenciation et identification.
CYTO Lab Hacks: A platform for the exchange of innovations in cytometry
Authors: Bispo Cláudia , Cotleur Bunny , Hall Christopher , Litwin Virginia , Nedbal Jakub , Ohlsson-Wilhelm Betsy
Published: September 2019

This article reports on a conference workshop conducted at CYTO 2019. This workshop centered on an online directory for non-commercial cytometry innovations called CYTO Lab Hacks. The CYTO Lab Hacks website is being developed to become a curated platform to collate and to promote cytometry related materials developed by the wider scientific community. The website will present brief summaries and links to repositories with experimental protocols, descriptions of hardware changes, document templates, software code, and other innovations. The workshop outcomes, summarized in this manuscript, cover the topics of the website functionality and user experience, organization of the volunteer task force, and understanding the needs of the cytometry community in respect to sharing innovations.
Getting ready for DNA duplication
Authors: Yao Nina Y , O'Donnell Michael E
Published: September 2019

The discovery of a biomolecular condensate involved in DNA replication has wide-ranging implications.
Comparison of injury pattern and clinical outcomes between young adults and elderly patients with alcohol-related injury in South Korea 2011–2016
Authors: Lee Jae Hee , Lee Duk Hee
Published: September 2019

Background

Alcohol is an important factor that contributes to emergency department (ED) visits due to injury. However, the role of alcohol in elderly patients visiting ED due to injury has not been clearly defined. This study aims to examine age and alcohol as risk factors of injury severity and clinical outcomes.

Methods

This study included patients who visited EDs between January 2011 and December 2016. Data was obtained from the Emergency Department-Based Injury In-depth Surveillance of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, South Korea. Injury patients aged ≥18 years were included, but those who visited the ED more than 48 hours after injury, with unknown clinical outcomes (admission, mortality, and excess mortality ratio-adjusted injury severity score [EMR-ISS]) were excluded.

Results

We analyzed 887,712 patients, of whom 131,708 (17.7%) non-elderly and 9,906 (7.0%) elderly had alcohol-related injury. Falls and slips are the most common injury mechanism (37.9%) in patients consuming alcohol (36.3% non-elderly/58.40% elderly). The injury occurred on roads (40.6%), houses (33.8%), and commercial facilities (11.9%) in elderly patients consuming alcohol. Suicide rate was 12.0% in elderly and 9.7% in non-elderly patients. According to the time of day of injury, evening (60.8%) was the most common in elderly and night (62.6%) in non-elderly patients. Admission rate (odds ratio [OR] 2.512 confidence interval [CI] 2.407–2.621), intensive care unit (ICU) care rate (OR 5.507 [CI] 5.178–5.858), mortality rate (OR 4.593 [CI] 4.086–5.162), and EMR-ISS >25 (OR 5.498 [CI] 5.262–5.745) were compared between patients with alcohol-related injury and non-elderly with non-alcohol-related injury patients. Alcohol consumption in elderly patients results in significant impairment and increases EMR-ISS, ICU care rate, and mortality rate. To reduce injury in elderly patients, alcohol screening, appropriate counseling, and intervention are needed.
Dinosaur paleohistology: review, trends and new avenues of investigation
Authors: Bailleul Alida M. , O’Connor Jingmai , Schweitzer Mary H.
Published: September 2019

In the mid-19th century, the discovery that bone microstructure in fossils could be preserved with fidelity provided a new avenue for understanding the evolution, function, and physiology of long extinct organisms. This resulted in the establishment of paleohistology as a subdiscipline of vertebrate paleontology, which has contributed greatly to our current understanding of dinosaurs as living organisms. Dinosaurs are part of a larger group of reptiles, the Archosauria, of which there are only two surviving lineages, crocodilians and birds. The goal of this review is to document progress in the field of archosaur paleohistology, focusing in particular on the Dinosauria. We briefly review the “growth age” of dinosaur histology, which has encompassed new and varied directions since its emergence in the 1950s, resulting in a shift in the scientific perception of non-avian dinosaurs from “sluggish” reptiles to fast-growing animals with relatively high metabolic rates. However, fundamental changes in growth occurred within the sister clade Aves, and we discuss this major evolutionary transition as elucidated by histology. We then review recent innovations in the field, demonstrating how paleohistology has changed and expanded to address a diversity of non-growth related questions. For example, dinosaur skull histology has elucidated the formation of curious cranial tissues (e.g., “metaplastic” tissues), and helped to clarify the evolution and function of oral adaptations, such as the dental batteries of duck-billed dinosaurs. Lastly, we discuss the development of novel techniques with which to investigate not only the skeletal tissues of dinosaurs, but also less-studied soft-tissues, through molecular paleontology and paleohistochemistry—recently developed branches of paleohistology—and the future potential of these methods to further explore fossilized tissues. We suggest that the combination of histological and molecular methods holds great potential for examining the preserved tissues of dinosaurs, basal birds, and their extant relatives. This review demonstrates the importance of traditional bone paleohistology, but also highlights the need for innovation and new analytical directions to improve and broaden the utility of paleohistology, in the pursuit of more diverse, highly specific, and sensitive methods with which to further investigate important paleontological questions.
The host range of Aphis gossypii is dependent on aphid genetic background and feeding experience
Authors: Ma Lin , Li Meng-Yue , Chang Chun-Yan , Chen Fang-Fang , Hu Yang , Liu Xiang-Dong
Published: September 2019

Background

A polyphagous insect herbivore has a wide range of host plants. However, it has been found that many polyphagous herbivores commonly exhibit a strong preference for a subset of species in their broad host range, and various host biotypes exist in herbivore populations. Nutrition and secondary metabolites in plants affect herbivore preference and performance, but it is still not clear which factors determine the host range and host preference of polyphagous herbivores.

Method

Cotton-melon aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover, collected from cotton and cucumber crops, were used in this study. The genetic backgrounds of these aphids were detected using microsatellite PCR and six genotypes were evaluated. Performance of these six aphid genotypes on excised leaves and plants of cotton and cucumber seedlings were examined through a reciprocal transplant experiment. In order to detect whether the feeding experience on artificial diet would alter aphid host range, the six genotypes of aphids fed on artificial diet for seven days were transferred onto cotton and cucumber leaves, and then their population growth on these two host plants was surveyed.

Results

Aphids from cotton and cucumber plants could not colonize the excised leaves and intact plants of cucumber and cotton seedlings, respectively. All six genotypes of aphids collected from cotton and cucumber plants could survive and produce offspring on artificial diet, which lacked plant secondary metabolites. The feeding experience on the artificial diet did not alter the ability of all six genotypes to use their native host plants. However, after feeding on this artificial diet for seven days, two aphid genotypes from cotton and one from cucumber acquired the ability to use both of the excised leaves from cucumber and cotton plants. The two aphid genotypes from cotton conditioned by the feeding experience on artificial diet and then reared on excised cucumber leaves for >12 generations still maintained the ability to use intact cotton plants but did not establish a population on cucumber plants. However, one cucumber genotype conditioned by artificial diet and then reared on excised cotton leaves could use both the intact cotton and cucumber plants, showing that the expansion of host range was mediated by feeding experience.

Conclusion

Feeding experience on artificial diet induced the expansion of host range of the cucurbit-specialized A. gossypii, and this expansion was genotype-specific. We speculated that feeding on a constant set of host plants in the life cycle of aphids may contribute to the formation of host specialization.
The Impact of Working Capital Management on Profitability of Global Haulage Company, Ghana
Authors: Agyemang Joseph Kwasi , Yensu Joseph , Otchere Marian Ivy Oppong
Published: September 2019

The study examines the impact of working capital management on profitability of Global Haulage Company Limited in Ghana. The service sector, which Global Haulage Company Limited forms part accounts for about 51% of national output and this show how vital the service sector has become in terms of job creation and gross domestic product growth in the Ghanaian economy. This study therefore employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique to examine the relationship between working capital management and profitability of firms in Ghana using Global Haulage Company Ltd as a case study with a period range of 1995 to 2013. The regression results showed that debt ratio, firm size and current assets to total assets ratio are negatively related to firm profitability whilst current liabilities to total assets ratio is positively related to firm profitability. The study therefore recommends that, management should use less of debt in financing their activities to be able to increase profit since high debt ratio adversely impact on profitability. Also, aggressive working capital policies should be pursued if management’s goal is to increase profit. In addition, policy makers should check and work on the managerial inefficiencies which are making the firm experience diseconomies of scale.
Formulação das políticas públicas para os museus nos governos democráticos populares do Século XXI: Argentina – Brasil – Uruguai
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Ramos
Published: September 2019

O texto tem como propósito abordar questões sobre a formulação das políticas públicas para os museus nos países Argentina, Brasil e Uruguai durante o período de 2003 a 2015. Este artigo pretende contribuir com algumas reflexões sobre as análises do processo de constituição de redes para a formulação de políticas públicas para os museus na América Latina no sentido de fortalecer o papel dos museus como instituições centrais para a promoção de políticas para a diversidade cultural e para memórias inclusivas.
Disputas na construção de uma política nacional de cultura: sobre emoções e política
Authors: Muniagurria Lorena Avellar
Published: September 2019

Este artigo trata de tensões durante a gestão Ana de Hollanda no MinC, momento de inflexão entre um período anterior marcado por otimismo e esperança e um cenário posterior pensado por muitos como de crise na área. A partir de uma abordagem antropológica, discuto o papel de paixões e revoltas em processos político, e discorro sobre a relação entre emoções, práticas e narrativas acerca das políticas culturais. Veremos que emoções foram base tanto para a desmobilização de uns quanto para o engajamento de outros. Tomando por objeto de reflexão brincadeiras, piadas e comentários feitos por fazedores de cultura, mostro como as críticas apaixonadas falavam não apenas de sentimentos e posições pessoais, mas de uma disputa social em torno de entendimentos e modelos de política cultura, Estado e sociedade civil.
A dança como expressão política de resistência e existência de uma cultura juvenil
Authors: Rocha Lima Isabelle Melo , Silva Maria Adelane Monteiro da , Constâncio Robson Emanuel Lima
Published: September 2019

O objetivo geral deste estudo foi conhecer como os jovens vivenciam as identidades de grupo e seus símbolos de pertencimento a partir de um grupo de dança pop em Sobral-Ce. É um estudo de campo de caráter etnográfico, com abordagem qualitativa e foi realizada a partir da descrição densa do cotidiano através de diários de campo. O cenário para a sua realização foi a Estação da Juventude do Bairro Recanto, por ser este um espaço de sociabilidade dos próprios jovens. O grupo Cia Marshall tensiona os modos hegemônicos de dançar a partir do compartilhamento de uma cultura que estabelece elos de sentido e resistência diante da negação de suas identidades sexuais advindas de espaços de não reconhecimento, compondo assim um processo artístico que os possibilita uma efetiva participação na vida social e política.  
Políticas culturais e inserção socioprofissional: reflexões sobre uma experiência formativa e profissionalizante com jovens de classes populares na cidade de Salvador-BA
Authors: Faria Ivan , Iriart Mirela Figueiredo
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo toma uma experiência de formação de jovens de origem popular em cultura e tecnologia para discutir possíveis articulações entre políticas culturais e políticas de formação e inserção socioprofissional. Analisamos as experiências de jovens egressos de cursos de vídeo e fotografia de uma escola de arte e tecnologia, em Salvador, Bahia, e suas repercussões para inserção social e profissional. Os resultados apontam para importância de se pensar a formação artística e cultural dos jovens articulada com estratégias de mediação para o mundo do trabalho, bem como o papel fundamental das políticas culturais como apoio para profissionais iniciantes nos campos das artes e da cultura.
Induction of human hemogenesis in adult fibroblasts by defined factors and hematopoietic coculture
Authors: Daniel Michael G. , Sachs David , Bernitz Jeffrey M. , Fstkchyan Yesai , Rapp Katrina , Satija Namita , Law Kenneth , Patel Foram , Gomes Andreia M. , Kim Huen‐Suk , Pereira Carlos‐Filipe , Chen Benjamin , Lemischka Ihor R. , Moore Kateri A.
Published: September 2019

Transcription factor (TF)‐based reprogramming of somatic tissues holds great promise for regenerative medicine. Previously, we demonstrated that the TFs GATA2, GFI1B, and FOS convert mouse and human fibroblasts to hemogenic endothelial‐like precursors that generate hematopoietic stem progenitor (HSPC)‐like cells over time. This conversion is lacking in robustness both in yield and biological function. Herein, we show that inclusion of GFI1 to the reprogramming cocktail significantly expands the HSPC‐like population. AFT024 coculture imparts functional potential to these cells and allows quantification of stem cell frequency. Altogether, we demonstrate an improved human hemogenic induction protocol that could provide a valuable human in vitro model of hematopoiesis for disease modeling and a platform for cell‐based therapeutics.

Database

Gene expression data are available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database under the accession number GSE130361.
Validation of a self‐completed Dystonia Non‐Motor Symptoms Questionnaire
Authors: Klingelhoefer Lisa , Chaudhuri Kallol R. , Kamm Christoph , Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Bhatia Kailash , Sauerbier Anna , Kaiser Maximilian , Rodriguez‐Blazquez Carmen , Balint Bettina , Untucht Robert , Hall Lynsey J. , Mildenstein Lauritz , Wienecke Miriam , Martino Davide , Gregor Olaf , Storch Alexander , Reichmann Heinz
Published: September 2019

Objective

To develop and validate a novel 14‐item self‐completed questionnaire (in English and German) enquiring about the presence of non‐motor symptoms (NMS) during the past month in patients with craniocervical dystonia in an international multicenter study.

Methods

The Dystonia Non‐Motor Symptoms Questionnaire (DNMSQuest) covers seven domains including sleep, autonomic symptoms, fatigue, emotional well‐being, stigma, activities of daily living, sensory symptoms. The feasibility and clinimetric attributes were analyzed.

Results

Data from 194 patients with CD (65.6% female, mean age 58.96 ± 12.17 years, duration of disease 11.95 ± 9.40 years) and 102 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (66.7% female, mean age 55.67 ± 17.62 years) were collected from centres in Germany and the UK. The median total NMS score in CD patients was 5 (interquartile range 3–7), significantly higher than in healthy controls with 1 (interquartile range 0.75–2.25) (P < 0.001, Mann–Whitney U‐test). Evidence for intercorrelation and convergent validity is shown by moderate to high correlations of total DNMSQuest score with motor symptom severity (TWSTRS: rs = 0.61), clinical global impression (rs = 0.40), and health‐related quality of life measures: CDQ‐24 (rs = 0.74), EQ‐5D index (rs = −0.59), and scale (rs = −0.49) (all P < 0.001). Data quality and acceptability was very satisfactory.

Interpretation

The DNMSQuest, a patient self‐completed questionnaire for NMS assessment in CD patients, appears robust, reproducible, and valid in clinical practice showing a tangible impact of NMS on quality of life in CD. As there is no specific, comprehensive, validated tool to assess the burden of NMS in dystonia, the DNMSQuest can bridge this gap and could easily be integrated into clinical practice.
Clinical outcome measures following plasma exchange for MG exacerbation
Authors: Raja Shruti M. , Howard James F. , Juel Vern C. , Massey Janice M. , Chopra Manisha , Guptill Jeffrey T.
Published: September 2019

Our objective is to report longitudinal results of the MG‐ADL, MG‐Composite, MG‐MMT, and MG‐QoL15 in an open‐label trial of therapeutic plasma exchange in myasthenia gravis. Ten MG patients experiencing exacerbation had assessments prior to, immediately following, and at selected time points post‐TPE. Changes from baseline to 2 weeks post‐TPE were: MG‐ADL median −5.0, P < 0.0033, MG‐QoL15 median −13.0, P < 0.001, MG‐MMT median −10.0, P < 0.0001, and MG‐Composite median −10.0, P < 0.005. TPE produced a rapid, clinically significant change in all instruments, indicating these outcome measures are robust endpoints for clinical trials of rapidly efficacious MG therapies.
Hyperbolic Phonon Polariton Electroluminescence as an Electronic Cooling Pathway
Authors: Baudin Emmanuel , Voisin Christophe , Plaçais Bernard
Published: September 2019

Engineering of the cooling mechanism is of primary importance for the development of nanoelectronics. While radiation cooling is rather inefficient in current electronic devices, the strong anisotropy of 2D materials allows for enhanced efficiency because their hyperbolic electromagnetic dispersion near phonon resonances allows them to sustain much larger (≈105) number of radiating channels. In this review, radiation cooling in 2D materials is addressed. The hyperbolic dispersion of electromagnetic waves is presented, and how the spontaneous fluctuations in current in a 2D electronic channel can radiate thermal energy in its hyperbolic surrounding medium is described. Both the regime of thermal current fluctuations and out‐of‐equilibrium current fluctuations can be described within the same framework leading to superPlanckian thermal emission and electroluminescent cooling. A recent experimental investigation on graphene‐on‐hBN transistors using electronic noise thermometry is discussed. In high mobility semimetal‐like graphene at large bias, a steady‐state out‐of‐equilibrium situation is caused by Zener tunneling of electrons, opening a route for electroluminescence of hyperbolic electromagnetic modes. Electroluminescent cooling is particularly prominent once the Zener tunneling regime is reached: observed cooling powers are nine orders of magnitude larger than in conventional LEDs.
Fabrication of Complex Hydrogel Structures Using Suspended Layer Additive Manufacturing (SLAM)
Authors: Senior Jessica J. , Cooke Megan E. , Grover Liam M. , Smith Alan M.
Published: September 2019

There have been a number of recently reported approaches for the manufacture of complex 3D printed cell‐containing hydrogels. Given the fragility of the parts during manufacturing, the most successful approaches use a supportive particulate gel bed and have enabled the production of complex gel structures previously unattainable using other 3D printing methods. The supporting gel bed provides protection to the fragile printed part during the printing process, preventing the structure from collapsing under its own weight prior to crosslinking. Despite the apparent similarity of the particulate beds, the way the particles are manufactured strongly influences how they interact with one another and the part during fabrication, with implications to the quality of the final product. Recently, the process of suspended layer additive manufacture (SLAM) is demonstrated to create a structure that recapitulated the osteochondral region by printing into an agarose particulate gel. The manufacturing process for this gel (the application of shear during gelation) produced a self‐healing gel with rapid recovery of its elastic properties following disruption. Here, the physical characteristics of the supporting fluid‐gel matrix used in SLAM are explored, and compared to other particulate gel supporting beds, highlighting its potential for producing complex hydrogel‐based parts.
Injectable Supramolecular Ureidopyrimidinone Hydrogels Provide Sustained Release of Extracellular Vesicle Therapeutics
Authors: Mol Emma A. , Lei Zhiyong , Roefs Marieke T. , Bakker Maarten H. , Goumans Marie‐José , Doevendans Pieter A. , Dankers Patricia Y. W. , Vader Pieter , Sluijter Joost P. G.
Published: September 2019

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles secreted by cells and have gained increasing interest as both drug delivery vehicles or as cell‐free therapeutics for regenerative medicine. To achieve optimal therapeutic effects, strategies are being developed to prolong EV exposure to target organs. One promising approach to achieve this is through EV‐loaded injectable hydrogels. In this study, the use of a hydrogel based on ureido‐pyrimidinone (UPy) units coupled to poly(ethylene glycol) chains (UPy‐hydrogel) is examined as potential delivery platform for EVs. The UPy‐hydrogel undergoes a solution‐to‐gel transition upon switching from a high to neutral pH, allowing immediate gelation upon administration into physiological systems. Here, sustained EV release from the UPy‐hydrogel measured over a period of 4 d is shown. Importantly, EVs retain their functional capacity after release. Upon local administration of fluorescently labeled EVs incorporated in a UPy‐hydrogel in vivo, EVs are still detected in the UPy‐hydrogel after 3 d, whereas in the absence of a hydrogel, EVs are internalized by fat and skin tissue near the injection site. Together, these data demonstrate that UPy‐hydrogels provide sustained EV release over time and enhance local EV retention in vivo, which could contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy upon local delivery and translation toward new applications.
Progress on Modulating Tumor‐Associated Macrophages with Biomaterials
Authors: Sylvestre Meilyn , Crane Courtney A. , Pun Suzie H.
Published: September 2019

Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are a complex and heterogeneous population of cells within the tumor microenvironment. In many tumor types, TAMs contribute toward tumor malignancy and are therefore a therapeutic target of interest. Here, three major strategies for regulating TAMs are highlighted, emphasizing the role of biomaterials in these approaches. First, systemic methods for targeting tumor‐associated macrophage are summarized and limitations to both passive and active targeting approaches considered. Second, lessons learned from the significant literature on wound healing and macrophage response to implanted biomaterials are discussed with the vision of applying these principles to localized, biomaterial‐based modulation of tumor‐associated macrophage. Finally, the developing field of engineered macrophages, including genetic engineering and integration with biomaterials or drug delivery systems, is examined. Analysis of major challenges in the field along with exciting opportunities for the future of macrophage‐based therapies in oncology are included.
Amyloid‐Like Rapid Surface Modification for Antifouling and In‐Depth Remineralization of Dentine Tubules to Treat Dental Hypersensitivity
Authors: Li Chen , Lu Danyang , Deng Jingjing , Zhang Xu , Yang Peng
Published: September 2019

Exposure of dentinal tubules (DTs) leads to the transmission of external stimuli within the DTs, causing dental hypersensitivity (DH). To treat DH, various desensitizers have been developed for occluding DTs. However, most desensitizers commercially available or in development are only able to seal the orifices, rather than the deep regions of the DTs, thus lacking long‐term stability. Herein, it is shown that the fast amyloid‐like aggregation of lysozyme (lyso) conjugated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (lyso‐PEG) can afford a robust ultrathin nanofilm on the deep walls of DTs through a rapid one‐step aqueous coating process (in 2 min). The resultant nanofilm provides a highly effective antifouling platform for resisting the attachment of oral bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans and induces remineralization in the DTs to seal both the orifices and depths of the DTs by forming hydroxyapatite (HAp) minerals in situ. Both in vitro and in vivo animal experiments prove that the nanofilm‐coated DTs are occluded with a depth of over 60 ± 5 m, which is at least 6 times deeper than that reported in the literature. This approach thus demonstrates the concept that an amyloid‐like proteinaceous nanofilm can offer an inexpensive, rapid, and efficient therapy for treating DH with long‐term effect.
Organo‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Amination of 4‐Arylisoquinoline‐1,3(2H,4H)‐dione Derivatives in the Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Li Ying‐Xian , Zhang Ji‐Quan , Zhao Yong‐Long , Zhang Lin , Li Chun , Yang Yu‐she , Tang Lei , Yang Yuan‐Yong
Published: September 2019

An efficient method has been developed for the enantioselective amination of 4‐arylisoquinoline‐1,3(2H,4H)‐dione derivatives. In the presence of squaramide‐based catalyst, the α‐amination cyclic imides were delivered in excellent yields (up to 99%) and ee (up to 99%) under mild conditions. Moreover, a gram scale synthetic application was also demonstrated.

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Computational Prediction of Ferro‐ and Piezoelectricity in Lead‐Free Oxyhydrides Ln2H4O (Ln = Y, La)
Authors: Pishtshev Aleksandr , Strugovshchikov Evgenii
Published: September 2019

One of the most significant aspects of crystal chemistry of multianionic oxyhydrides is the possibility of flexible regulation of the composition–structure–function relationships. In the context of competitive configurations of different anions in the crystal lattice, this may afford formation of a number of stable stoichiometric phases without inversion symmetry. In the present work, it is shown that semiconducting layered oxyhydrides with the composition Ln2H4O (Ln = Y, La) have an attractive potential for the design of novel lead‐free ferro‐ and piezoelectric systems. By means of density functional theory‐based computational simulations it is predicted that polar monoclinic and orthorhombic phases of the bulk Ln2H4O may exhibit exceptional ferro‐ and piezoelectric properties as well as electromechanical coupling characteristics that are especially suitable for the piezoelectric devices working in a shear mode. It is shown that quantitative estimates of ferro‐ and piezoelectric characteristics are well matching with the specification data of advanced ferroelectric solid solutions. Thus, our prediction of lead‐free piezoelectric systems forms a solid and technologically reliable basis for the development of effective and nonhazardous materials.
A case of acute cerebral infarction associated with an accessory middle cerebral artery in a patient who underwent thrombectomy
Authors: Deguchi Ichiro , Osada Takashi , Kimura Hiroaki , Saito Naoko , Arai Eiichi , Kohyama Shinya , Takao Masaki
Published: September 2019

Background

The accessory middle cerebral artery (AMCA) is a middle cerebral artery (MCA) anomaly originating from the anterior cerebral artery. We report our experience of a case in which thrombectomy was undertaken for a patient with hemodynamics that were specific to the AMCA.

Case Presentation

An 84‐year‐old man with a history of atrial fibrillation developed paralysis of the left upper and lower extremities. Imaging examinations suggested tandem occlusion of the right internal carotid artery and the origin (M2 segment) of the right MCA. An extremely narrow MCA was visualized. Because there was concern regarding development of frontal lobe infarction, thrombectomy was carried out to restore anterograde blood flow, but an AMCA was found. Recanalization of the main MCA in the infarction zone resulted in hemorrhagic infarction, and the patient died of cerebral herniation.

Conclusion

When a vascular variation like AMCA is suspected, a careful evaluation of hemodynamics is necessary before undertaking endovascular intervention.
Comparison of high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy and non‐invasive ventilation as first‐line therapy in respiratory failure: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Koga Yasutaka , Kaneda Kotaro , Fujii Nao , Tanaka Ryo , Miyauchi Takashi , Fujita Motoki , Hidaka Kouko , Oda Yasutaka , Tsuruta Ryosuke
Published: September 2019

Aim

To identify which subgroups of respiratory failure could benefit more from high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) or non‐invasive ventilation (NIV).

Methods

We undertook a multicenter retrospective study of patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) who received HFNC or NIV as first‐line respiratory support between January 2012 and December 2017. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for HFNC versus NIV were calculated for treatment failure and 30‐day mortality in the overall cohort and in patient subgroups.

Results

High‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy and NIV were used in 200 and 378 patients, and the treatment failure and 30‐day mortality rates were 56% and 34% in the HFNC group and 41% and 39% in the NIV group, respectively. The risks of treatment failure and 30‐day mortality were not significantly different between the two groups. In subgroup analyses, HFNC was associated with increased risk of treatment failure in patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema (adjusted OR 6.26; 95% CI, 2.19–17.87; P < 0.01) and hypercapnia (adjusted OR 3.70; 95% CI, 1.34–10.25; P = 0.01), but the 30‐day mortality was not significantly different in these subgroups. High‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy was associated with lower risk of 30‐day mortality in patients with pneumonia (adjusted OR 0.43; 95% CI, 0.19–0.94; P = 0.03) and in patients without hypercapnia (adjusted OR 0.51; 95% CI, 0.30–0.88; P = 0.02).

Conclusion

High‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy could be more beneficial than NIV in patients with pneumonia or non‐hypercapnia, but not in patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema or hypercapnia.
A Change in Focus: Shifting From Treatment to Prevention of Perioperative Pressure Injuries
Authors: Kimsey Diane B.
Published: September 2019

Hospital‐acquired pressure injuries are a patient safety concern and can be costly for health care organizations. A multidisciplinary team of senior leaders, managers, nurses, and educators from departments that care for perioperative patients created an evidence‐based perioperative pressure injury prevention bundle that includes skin and risk assessments, visual and electronic health record cues, prophylactic protection of at‐risk skin, communication among providers and leaders regarding patient risk and injury throughout hospitalization, staff member education, compliance audits, root cause analyses, and wound care team follow‐up. The prevention bundle resulted in a 50% reduction in perioperative pressure injuries the first calendar year after implementation and a zero‐incidence rate for perioperative pressure injuries for at least a two‐year period. This article discusses hospital‐acquired pressure injuries related to the perioperative setting and outlines the full perioperative pressure injury prevention bundle.
Photophysical Properties of Emissive Pyrido[3,2‐c]carbazole Derivatives and Apoptosis Induction: Development towards Theranostic Agents in Response to Light Stimulus
Authors: Sakuma Masaomi , Fuchi Yasufumi , Usui Kazuteru , Karasawa Satoru
Published: September 2019

Pyridocarbazole moieties are present in many natural products, such as olivacine and ellipticine, and their derivatives are well‐known anticancer agents. To develop functional therapeutic and diagnostic compounds, three emissive pyrido[3,2‐c]carbazole derivatives, PC‐X, containing secondary or tertiary amine groups, were synthesized from an aminoquinoline derivative using a palladium complex as the catalyst. X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed that PC‐X showed highly planar structures between the pyridine ring and the carbazole framework, exhibiting high fluorescence intensities along with solvatochromic behavior. Imaging of HeLa cells treated with PC‐X showed no specific accumulation into the organelles; however, a comparative examination showed that the accumulation in mitochondria was the highest as compared to nuclei and lysosomes. Cytotoxicity analysis using HeLa cells showed that PC‐H, containing a secondary amine group showed the highest cytotoxicity (IC50≈20 μm) as compared to another PC‐X having a tertiary amine group. Colocalization with MitoTracker, a typical mitochondrial staining dye, showed apoptosis‐like behavior with remarkable appearance of blebbing during irradiation with near UV light (403 nm), suggesting that the PC‐H may not only behave as a fluorescence probe for the imaging organelles, but also as a therapeutic agent for inducing apoptosis in HeLa cells, thereby functioning as a theranostic agent.