bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust fault diagnosis of a high-voltage circuit breaker via an ensemble echo state network with evidence fusion
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Zheng Xiaoying , Zhang Tao , Guo Wenyong , Wu Zhou
Published: April 2023

Reliable mechanical fault diagnosis of high-voltage circuit breakers is important to ensure the safety of electric power systems. Recent fault diagnosis approaches are mostly based on a single classifier whose performance relies heavily on expert prior knowledge. In this study, we propose an improved Dempster–Shafer evidence theory fused echo state neural network, an ensemble classifier for fault diagnosis. Evidence credibility is calculated through the evidence deviation matrix and the segmented circle function and employed as credibility weights to rectify the raw evidence. Then, an improved Dempster–Shafer evidence fusion algorithm is proposed to fuse evidence from different echo state network modules and sensors. Unlike conventional classifiers, the proposed methodology consists of multiple echo state neural network modules. It has better flexibility and stronger robustness, and its model performance is not sensitive to network parameters. Comparative analysis indicates that it can handle the paradox evidence fusion analysis and thus can achieve better diagnostic performance. The superiority of the reported fault diagnosis approaches is verified with the experimental data of a ZN12 high-voltage circuit breaker.
HE-SNA: an efficient cross-platform network alignment scheme from privacy-aware perspective
Authors: Zhou Li , Ma Xiao-Jing , Pan Dong-Hui , Fan Dong-Mei , Zhang Hai-Feng , Zhong Kai
Published: April 2023

User alignment across online social network platforms (OSNPs) is a growing concern with the rapid development of internet technology. In reality, users tend to register different accounts on multiple OSNPs, and the network platforms are reluctant to share network structure and user’s information due to business interest and privacy protection, which brings great obstacles to cross-platform user alignment. In view of this, we propose a homomorphic encryption-based social network alignment (HE-SNA) algorithm from the perspective of privacy leakage. Specifically, we first consider the OSNPs as a system containing multiple social networks, that each participant of OSNPs owns part of the network, i.e., a separate private sub-network. Then, encryption, fusion and decryption operations of the alignment information are performed by two third-party servers using HE scheme, which can protect the privacy information of sub-networks effectively. Finally, each sub-network uses the fused alignment information sent back from the third-party server for user alignment. Experimental results show that the HE-SNA method can provide a sum of locally trained models to third-party servers without leaking the privacy of any single sub-network. Moreover, the HE-SNA achieves a promising network alignment performance than only using the structural information and alignment data of single private sub-network while protecting its topology structure information.
Deep seabed mining: Frontiers in engineering geology and environment
Authors: Guo Xingsen , Fan Ning , Liu Yihan , Liu Xiaolei , Wang Zekun , Xie Xiaotian , Jia Yonggang
Published: April 2023

Ocean mining activities have been ongoing for nearly 70 years, making great contributions to industrialization. Given the increasing demand for energy, along with the restructuring of the energy supply catalyzed by efforts to achieve a low-carbon economy, deep seabed mining will play an important role in addressing energy- and resource-related problems in the future. However, deep seabed mining remains in the exploratory stage, with many challenges presented by the high-pressure, low-temperature, and complex geologic and hydrodynamic environments in deep-sea mining areas, which are inaccessible to human activities. Thus, considerable efforts are required to ensure sustainable, economic, reliable, and safe deep seabed mining. This study reviews the latest advances in marine engineering geology and the environment related to deep-sea mining activities, presents a bibliometric analysis of the development of ocean mineral resources since the 1950s, summarizes the development, theory, and issues related to techniques for the three stages of ocean mining (i.e., exploration, extraction, and closure), and discusses the engineering geology environment, geological disasters, in-situ monitoring techniques, environmental protection requirements, and environmental effects in detail. Finally, this paper gives some key conclusions and future perspectives to provide insights for subsequent studies and commercial mining operations.
Characteristics of coal resources in China and statistical analysis and preventive measures for coal mine accidents
Authors: Zhang Chaolin , Wang Peizhong , Wang Enyuan , Chen Dapeng , Li Chao
Published: April 2023

In the process of green and smart mine construction under the context of carbon neutrality, China's coal safety situation has been continuously improved in recent years. In order to recognize the development of coal production in China and prepare for future monitoring and prevention of safety incidents, this study mainly elaborated on the basic situation of coal resources and national mining accidents over the past five years  (2017–2021), from four dimensions (accident level, type, region, and time), and then proposed the preventive measures based on accident statistical laws. The results show that the storage of coal resources has obvious geographic characteristics, mainly concentrated in the Midwest, with coal resources in Shanxi and Shaanxi accounting for about 49.4%. The proportion of coal consumption has dropped from 70.2% to 56% between 2011 and 2021, but still accounts for more than half of the all. Meanwhile, the accident-prone areas are positively correlated with the amount of coal production. Among different levels of coal mine accidents, general accidents had the highest number of accidents and deaths, with 692 accidents and 783 deaths, accounting for 87.6% and 54.64% respectively. The frequency of roof, gas, and transportation accidents is relatively high, and the number of single fatalities caused by gas accidents is the largest, about 4.18. In terms of geographical distribution of accidents, the safety situation in Shanxi Province is the most severe. From the time distribution of coal mine accidents, the accidents mainly occurred in July and August, and rarely occurred in February and December. Finally, the "4 + 4" safety management model is proposed, combining the statistical results with coal production in China. Based on the existing health and safety management systems, the managements are divided into four sub-categories, and more specific measures are suggested.
Progression in the Oxidation Stability of MXenes
Authors: Soomro Razium A. , Zhang Peng , Fan Baomin , Wei Yi , Xu Bin
Published: April 2023

MXenes are under the spotlight due to their versatile physicochemical characteristics. Since their discovery in 2011, significant advancements have been achieved in their synthesis and application sectors. However, the spontaneous oxidation of MXenes, which is critical to its processing and product lifespan, has gotten less attention due to its chemical complexity and poorly understood oxidation mechanism. This perspective focuses on the oxidation stability of MXenes and addresses the most recent advancements in understanding and the possible countermeasures to limit the spontaneous oxidation of MXenes. A section is dedicated to the presently accessible methods for monitoring oxidation, with a discussion on the debatable oxidation mechanism and coherently operating factors that contribute to the complexity of MXenes oxidation. The current potential solutions for mitigating MXenes oxidation and the existing challenges are also discussed with prospects to prolong MXene’s shelf-life storage and expand their application scope.

Graphical Abstract
Production cost modeling for permanent magnet synchronous machines for electric vehicles
Authors: Hemsen Jonas , Nowak Nikita , Eckstein Lutz
Published: April 2023

A cost model for the estimation of production costs of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) is presented, which allows to alter design choices such as wire technology, winding layout, cooling system, materials and more. With the goal to make results reproducible by others, the methods are explained in detail and used data and assumptions are given. The developed model helps to understand the interaction between the design of PMSM, manufacturing methods and the resulting costs. With it, different PMSM technologies and materials can be evaluated regarding its influence on the production costs, which is a perquisite to find the best compromise between performance and costs. Production volume is shown to be the most decisive factor for the resulting production costs. Between minimum and maximum assumed volumes, an average cost per unit reduction of 67% could be observed. Furthermore, the results imply that the winding production is responsible for the greatest part of the overall costs, followed by the rotor assembly (including rare earth magnets). When using the model to compare different wire types, it can be stated that up to a production volume of roughly 150,000 units/year, hairpin wires are more expensive to produce. Above this volume, hairpin windings will get cheaper than round wire windings due to its higher grade of automation of the production process. Through the conducted investigations and the presented results, it is demonstrated that the cost model can serve to evaluate technologies with regards to costs in the early development stage. This way a more holistic assessment of technologies for PMSM is possible, helping to find the ideal compromises between costs and performance and to increase the attractiveness of sustainable mobility.
Vielfalt an Betroffenheit: Politische, räumliche, soziale und zeitliche Skalenperspektiven auf die Endlagerung hochradioaktiver Abfälle
Authors: Brunnengräber Achim , Schwarz Lucas
Published: April 2023

Das komplexe Standortsuchverfahren für ein Endlager für hochradioaktive Abfälle in Deutschland befindet sich noch in seiner Anfangsphase, die laut Gesetz im Wesentlichen auf nationaler Ebene angesiedelt ist. Doch bereits jetzt lassen sich auf Länderebene, in Regionen und Kommunen die unterschiedlichsten Aktivitäten beobachten. Sie alle eint, dass sie von einem Teilgebiet betroffen sind und vermutlich günstige geologische Eigenschaften für die Endlagerung besitzen. Das Spektrum reicht von der Bildung von Bürger*inneninitiativen über die Vergabe von wissenschaftlichen Gutachten, durch die die Eignung der eigenen Region geprüft werden soll, bis zur Gründung von Koordinationsstellen zur kritischen Begleitung des Verfahrens. Betroffenheit äußert sich damit sehr divers, wird aber in der Regel stark auf die politische Skala begrenzt. Wir argumentieren, dass Betroffenheit weiter gefasst werden muss, und entwickeln dafür eine Perspektive, die politische, räumliche, soziale und zeitliche Skalen umfasst. Diese Skalenperspektive erlaubt es, Betroffenheiten in ihrer Vielfalt und Weiträumigkeit verstehen zu können. Unsere These ist, dass Handlungsweisen und Entscheidungen, die nur wenige oder einzelne Betroffenheiten berücksichtigen, im Standortsuchverfahren zu kurz begreifen. Es bedarf kooperativer politischer Arbeitsweisen, um die diffusen Betroffenheiten in Bezug zueinander setzen zu können.
Safe havens for energy democracy? Analysing the low-carbon transitions of Danish energy islands
Authors: Busch Henner , Radtke Jörg , Islar Mine
Published: April 2023

Denmark has long been known as a pioneer in renewable energy technology development. Apart from technological leadership, Denmark has also been the home to many community-based renewable energy initiatives. Citizen involvement in local energy projects has been key to increasing and maintaining acceptance to wind, solar and biomass. Three Danish islands (Bornholm, Samsø and Ærø) have been particularly active in promoting renewables. All three have claimed the title “energy island” and two of them have established specific institutions to promote further RE projects. In this article, we investigate community energy projects on two of the islands (Samsø and Ærø) through an Energy Democracy lens. The purpose of this investigation is to understand how the development on these islands relate to the concept of Energy Democracy: we outline how democratic processes and institutions shape the development of the local infrastructure and how this development, in turn, shaped local democracy. We found that many of the features of Energy Democracy were present in the two cases. Our research highlights a number of shortcomings of the concept of energy democracy, most importantly, a certain disregard for questions of energy justice and a blindness towards questions of scale.
Introducing digital technologies in person-related services—Support through Social Service Engineering
Authors: Steputat-Rätze Anne , Gilbert Kristin , Pietrzyk Ulrike , Wöhlert Romy
Published: April 2023

The trend towards digitalization has made its way into personal services, promising better service quality for customers and improved working conditions for service providers. However, the implementation of digital technologies remains a major challenge, especially for smaller companies. Building on the results of the SO-SERVE project, this paper presents the concept of Social Service Engineering and its practical application in introducing a digital tool in two daycare centers. The software provided to the employees on tablets was intended to support the information and documentation processes, as the design of internal and external information flows and documentation processes in the daycare centers proved to be particularly challenging. The paper presents two exemplary SO-SERVE tools used in the daycare centers: ‘Digitization Checklists’ provide company managers and business unit managers with an overview of the necessary steps for the standardized use of software and hardware within the company. ‘Digitization companions’ are employees who are readily available to their colleagues as contact persons for questions and concerns about working with the new digital tool. An initial online evaluation with 23 educators from the daycare centers reveals that the digital tool and supporting SO-SERVE tools have improved information and documentation processes, and the work situation of employees. Both educators and parents benefit from the improvements.
Financial recommendations on Reddit, stock returns and cumulative prospect theory
Authors: Reichenbach Felix , Walther Martin
Published: April 2023

This study investigates stock recommendations from the three largest finance subreddits on Reddit: wallstreetbets, investing and stocks. A simple strategy that buys recommended stocks weighted by the number of posts per day yields a portfolio with higher average returns at the expense of higher risks than the market for all holding periods, i.e., unfavorable Sharpe ratios. Furthermore, the strategy leads to positive (insignificant) short-term and negative (significant) long-term alphas when considering common risk factors. This is consistent with the idea of “meme stocks”, meaning that the recommended stocks are artificially inflated in the short term when they are recommended, and that the posts contain no information about long-term success. However, it is likely that Reddit users, especially on the subreddit wallstreetbets, have preferences for bets which are not captured by the mean–variance framework. Therefore, we draw on cumulative prospect theory (CPT). We find that the CPT-valuations of the Reddit portfolio exceed those of the market, which may explain the persistent attractiveness for investors to follow social media stock recommendations despite the unfavorable risk-return ratio.
A theoretical study of the effect and mechanism of FeN3-doped biochar for greenhouse gas mitigation
Authors: Wang Hong-Rui , Zhou Wen-Tao , Xiong Rui , Zhong Kang-Yu , He Jing , Ma Xin , Wu Qing , Long Pan , Fu Zhi-Qiang
Published: April 2023

Paddy fields are a major emission source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) [for instance, methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2)] among agricultural fields. Biochar has been deemed a potential candidate for the reduction of GHGs in paddy fields. However, there is no consistent conclusion that biochar can simultaneously reduce emissions of CH4, N2O, and CO2. Herein, we proposed the FeN3-doped biochar (FG) as an excellent material for GHGs restriction in paddy fields via the first-principles calculation. The computation results indicated that the FG exhibited satisfactory adsorption ability for CH4, CO2, and N2O, which improved the adsorption energies to −1.37 , −1.54, and −2.91 eV, respectively. Moreover, the density of state (DOS) analyses revealed that the factor responsible for FeN3-doped biochar to exhibit excellent adsorption ability was the occurrence of drastic energy up- or down-shift of the electron for Fe d, C p, O p, or N p orbital upon adsorption of CH4, CO2, or N2O. Our study suggested an advanced modified biochar material for reducing the GHGs emissions in paddy fields, in addition to exploring the adsorption properties and mechanisms of FeN3-doped biochar for GHGs mitigation, which provided a strategy to explore biochar modification and efficient emission reduction materials.

Graphical Abstract
Das digitale Sportangebot „Get Up – Stand Up – Move Up“ während der Covid-19-Pandemie: eine Interviewstudie mit teilnehmenden Grundschulkindern
Authors: Limmeroth Julia , Jebram Lea , Heussner Florian , Hagemann Norbert , Scheid Volker
Published: April 2023

Die Covid-19-Pandemie führte während des zweiten Lockdowns zu einer Reduktion der körperlichen Aktivität der Kinder in Deutschland. Um den erschwerten Möglichkeiten, sich als Kind zu bewegen, etwas entgegenzusetzen, wurde ein digitales Sportangebot initiiert. Dieses nahm insbesondere die Befriedigung der psychologischen Grundbedürfnisse in den Blick und richtete sich an Kinder im Grundschulalter. Weiterhin stand die Vermittlung von Freude an der Bewegung im Fokus. Fünf bis sechs Wochen nach Projektstart wurden acht Interviews mit Kindern (N = 8) im Alter von 7 bis 10 Jahren (M = 8,38,SD = 1,19) geführt. Ein Mädchen, das ebenfalls am Projekt teilgenommen hatte, fungierte als Interviewerin. Die Interviews fanden digital via Zoom statt. Mittels einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse wurden die Ergebnisse zunächst kategorisiert und anschließend mit der Software MAXQDA Analytics analysiert. Grundsätzlich zeigte sich in den Aussagen der Kinder, dass insbesondere das Autonomie- und Kompetenzerleben befriedigt werden konnte. Hinsichtlich der sozialen Eingebundenheit ergab sich ein diverseres Bild, welches nur bedingt auf eine Förderung durch das digitale Format schließen lässt. Ungeachtet dessen berichteten alle Kinder davon, dass ihnen das digital vermittelte Sporttreiben Freude bereitet hätte. Abschließend werden mögliche Synergieeffekte hinsichtlich der Verknüpfung analoger und digitaler Formate diskutiert.
Intelligent machines, collectives, and moral responsibility
Authors: Courtenage Simon
Published: April 2023

Collectives, such as companies, are generally thought to be moral agents and hence capable of being held responsible for what they do. If collectives, being non-human, can be ascribed moral responsibility, then can we do the same for machines? Is it equally the case that machines, particularly intelligent machines, can be held morally responsible for what they choose to do? I consider the conditions required for moral responsibility, and argue that, in terms of the agency condition, artificial, non-human entities in general are excused from being responsible because, although they may choose their actions, the beliefs and desires that form the basis of their choices are predetermined by their designers, placing them in an analogous position to persons suffering covert manipulation. This creates a problem for collective responsibility, but I argue that collectives, through their supervention on human persons, represent an exception. Finally, I consider that the design of future machines may be sufficiently abstract and high-level as to fall below some threshold of influence, allowing machines enough freedom for us to hold them responsible.
Longitudinally aligned inner-patterned silk fibroin conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Escobar Ane , Carvalho Mariana R. , Silva Tiago H. , Reis Rui L. , Oliveira J. Miguel
Published: April 2023

Peripheral nerve injuries represent a major clinical challenge, if nerve ends retract, there is no spontaneous regeneration, and grafts are required to proximate the nerve ends and give continuity to the nerve. The nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) presented in this work are silk fibroin (SF)-based, which is biocompatible and very versatile. The formation of conduits is obtained by forming a covalently cross-linked hydrogel in two concentric moulds, and the inner longitudinally aligned pattern of the SF NGCs is obtained through the use of a patterned inner mould. SF NGCs with two wall thicknesses of ~ 200 to ~ 400 μm are synthesized. Their physicochemical and mechanical characteristics have shown improved properties when the wall thickness is thicker such as resistance to kinking, which is of special importance as conduits might also be used to substitute nerves in flexible body parts. The Young modulus is higher for conduits with inner pattern, and none of the conduits has shown any salt deposition in presence of simulated body fluid, meaning they do not calcify; thus, the regeneration does not get impaired when conduits have contact with body fluids. In vitro studies demonstrated the biocompatibility of the SF NGCs; proliferation is enhanced when iSCs are cultured on top of conduits with longitudinally aligned pattern. BJ fibroblasts cannot infiltrate through the SF wall, avoiding scar tissue formation on the lumen of the graft when used in vivo. These conduits have been demonstrated to be very versatile and fulfil with the requirements for their use in PNR.
Venetoclax: A New Partner in the Novel Treatment Era for Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: El-Cheikh Jean , Bidaoui Ghassan , Saleh Mustafa , Moukalled Nour , Abou Dalle Iman , Bazarbachi Ali
Published: April 2023

Background

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) are two closely related blood cancers that are more frequent in older adults. AML is the most common type of adult acute leukemia, and MDS is characterized by ineffective blood cell production and abnormalities in the bone marrow and blood. Both can be resistant to treatment, often due to dysfunction in the process of apoptosis, the body’s natural mechanism for cell death. Venetoclax, an orally-administered medication that selectively targets the BCL-2 protein, has shown promise in enhancing treatment sensitivity in some hematological malignancies by reducing the apoptotic threshold. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of venetoclax in treating AML and MDS, as well as potential mechanisms of resistance to the medication.

Methods

A literature search was conducted utilizing PUBMED to capture all relevant research articles on the use of venetoclax as a therapy for both diseases. The MeSH terms “acute myeloid leukemia”, “myelodysplastic syndrome” and “venetoclax” were searched. Furthermore, Clinicaltrials.gov was accessed to ensure the inclusion of all ongoing clinical trials.

Results

Although Venetoclax showed modest results as a single-agent therapy in AML, venetoclax-based combination therapies? mainly with hypomethylating agents or low-dose cytarabine? yielded significantly positive results. Preliminary results oN the use of venetoclax-based combination therapy with HMA, mainly azacitidine, in unfit high-risk MDS also yielded optimistic results. Identification of mutations for which various drugs have been approved has spurred active investigation of venetoclax in combination trials.

Conclusion

Venetoclax-based combination therapies have been shown to induce rapid responses and increase overall survival in AML patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy. These therapies are also yielding positive preliminary results in high-risk MDS patients in phase I trials. Resistance to venetoclax and drug-related toxicity are two main obstacles that need to be overcome to reap the full benefits of this therapy.
Accidental Gamblers
Authors: Gaurav Sarthak , Ranganathan Thiagu
Published: April 2023

Vidarbha – a major cotton growing region in central India has been the epicentre of a protracted agrarian crisis. Chronic indebtedness and farmers' suicides continue unabated despite decades of state intervention. Going beyond the contemporary discourse that finds fault in neoliberal policies and integration with global markets, this fascinating book tells the story of how nineteenth century 'accidents' particularly in the form of colonial policies and the American Civil War ushered in institutional transformations that shaped the region's cotton economy. By drawing insights from their longitudinal study in villages of the region spanning 12 years, Gaurav and Ranganathan present the 'gambles' that farmers are part of. The novelty of combining a long view of history and evidence based on primary field research results in a book that underscores the importance of investigating roots of agrarian crisis and paying attention to adjustments of farm households, at a crucial juncture in India's economic transformation.
Guerrilla Democracy
Authors: Bloom Peter , Smolović Jones Owain , Woodcock Jamie
Published: April 2023

Combining cutting-edge theories with empirical research, this timely book offers an in-depth analysis of current platform-based radical movements to show how digital technologies revolutionise political and economic organising. This is an invaluable contribution to the emerging literature on the relationship between technology and society.
Binary factors of shifts of finite type
Authors: PUTNAM IAN F.
Published: April 2023

We construct two new classes of topological dynamical systems; one is a factor of a one-sided shift of finite type while the second is a factor of the two-sided shift. The data are a finite graph which presents the shift of finite type, a second finite directed graph and a pair of embeddings of it into the first, satisfying certain conditions. The factor is then obtained from a simple idea based on binary expansion of real numbers. In both cases, we construct natural metrics on the factors and, in the second case, this makes the system a Smale space, in the sense of Ruelle. We compute various algebraic invariants for these systems, including the homology for Smale space developed by the author and the K-theory of various$C^{*}$-algebras associated to them, in terms of the pair of original graphs.
Synchronous post-acceleration of laser-driven protons in helical coil targets by controlling the current dispersion
Authors: Liu Zhipeng , Mei Zhusong , Kong Defeng , Pan Zhuo , Xu Shirui , Gao Ying , Shou Yinren , Wang Pengjie , Cao Zhengxuan , Liang Yulan , Peng Ziyang , Zhao Jiarui , Chen Shiyou , Song Tan , Chen Xun , Xu Tianqi , Yan Xueqing , Ma Wenjun
Published: April 2023

Post-acceleration of protons in helical coil targets driven by intense, ultrashort laser pulses can enhance ion energy by utilizing the transient current from the targets’ self-discharge. The acceleration length of protons can exceed a few millimeters, and the acceleration gradient is of the order of GeV/m. How to ensure the synchronization between the accelerating electric field and the protons is a crucial problem for efficient post-acceleration. In this paper, we study how the electric field mismatch induced by current dispersion affects the synchronous acceleration of protons. We propose a scheme using a two-stage helical coil to control the current dispersion. With optimized parameters, the energy gain of protons is increased by four times. Proton energy is expected to reach 45 MeV using a hundreds-of-terawatts laser, or more than 100 MeV using a petawatt laser, by controlling the current dispersion.
A Capitalist Economy without Robust Capitalist Production
Authors: Maljoo Mohammad
Published: April 2023

In answering the motivating question of this roundtable—How, if at all, has capitalism as an analytical category figured in your work?—I separate my approach from two opposed but equally extreme camps of left-leaning scholars working on postrevolutionary Iran. The first camp underestimates the actuality of capitalism in Iran. It takes as its frame of reference neoliberal capitalism in the context of the Global North and contrasts it to an Iranian political economy lacking both the hallmarks of political liberalism and a robust economy to extrapolate that postrevolutionary Iran is not truly capitalist, without explaining why classic capitalistic class relations are continuously reproduced there. By contrast, the second camp overestimates the reality of capitalism in Iran, claiming that all aspects of collective social and political life are, in fact, now essentially capitalistic. This perspective rejects the relative autonomy of the state, culture, and other aspects of social life and the necessity for historical explanation of social and political complexities. Instead, it considers postrevolutionary Iran a purely capitalistic formation and explains its economy and politics through the logic of capital alone, without acknowledging the real weaknesses of capitalist production found there.
Writing Capitalism into Iran through the International
Authors: Matin Kamran
Published: April 2023

“Writing capitalism into Iran” arguably requires addressing a prior theoretical question regarding the origins and development of capitalism. This is because many of the existing analyses of Iran's experience of capitalist modernity tend to uncritically deploy classical Marxist theories of capitalist development. This literature's analytical problems, especially its recurrent recourse to exceptionalism, cannot be solved at the empirical or analytical level but rather at its intellectual roots in classical Marxism (see Samiee in this roundtable forum). This observation has been central to my research program. What follows is an extremely condensed genealogy of this research program and some of its analytical implications for Iranian studies.
Capitalist Lineages of Early Modern Iran
Authors: Samiee Maziar
Published: April 2023

Iran is hardly perceived as a normal country, whether it be by Western commentators and politicians critical of the government, Iranian leaders who impart special distinction to it, or ordinary Iranians protesting against it. This sense of anomaly has become so ingrained that some factions of the Iranian opposition take to social media to express their yearning for a “normal life.” Economic peculiarities form one aspect of Iran's supposed abnormality, and the solution to them is posited as the establishment of a free market economy. Without denying the specificities of contemporary Iran, in this contribution I seek to scrutinize the very norms against which it is compared. I challenge the pathologizing approach that identifies Iran outside of or at the margins of history as a failing or stagnating polity and economy. This approach presupposes that a singular pattern of capitalist modernity is capable of yielding progress and prosperity, and diagnoses developmental shortcomings as the automatic outcome of deviating from a normal path of development.
Writing Capitalism into Iranian History
Authors: Matthee Rudi
Published: April 2023

Capitalism used to be a singular term, but, like many keywords in English, now is often presented and discussed as a plural: capitalisms. Whereas capitalism formerly stood for what today is called industrial capitalism, scholars currently talk about varieties of capitalism: commercial capitalism, industrial capitalism, financial capitalism, and neoliberal capitalism, to name but the most prominent historical variants. Given this proliferation, and the inherent difficulty of defining capitalism, singular, it is important to be clear about the meaning and function of our object of inquiry. After all, “different definitions lead to different conclusions and may make for very different histories.”
Effect of surfactants during drop formation in a microfluidic channel: a combined experimental and computational fluid dynamics approach
Authors: Kalli M. , Pico P. , Chagot L. , Kahouadji L. , Shin S. , Chergui J. , Juric D. , Matar O.K. , Angeli P.
Published: April 2023

The effect of surfactants on the flow characteristics during rapid drop formation in a microchannel is investigated using high-speed imaging, micro-particle image velocimetry and numerical simulations; the latter are performed using a three- dimensional multiphase solver that accounts for the transport of soluble surfactants in the bulk and at the interface. Drops are generated in a flow-focusing microchannel, using silicone oil (

$4.6$

 mPa s) as the continuous phase and a 52 % w/w glycerol solution as the dispersed phase. A non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) is dissolved in the dispersed phase at concentrations below and above the critical micelle concentration. Good agreement is found between experimental and numerical data for the drop size, drop formation time and circulation patterns. The results reveal strong circulation patterns in the forming drop in the absence of surfactants, whose intensity decreases with increasing surfactant concentration. The surfactant concentration profiles in the bulk and at the interface are shown for all stages of drop formation. The surfactant interfacial concentration is large at the front and the back of the forming drop, while the neck region is almost surfactant free. Marangoni stresses develop away from the neck, contributing to changes in the velocity profile inside the drop.
Law’s Normative Influence on Gender Schemas: An Experimental Study on Counteracting Workplace Bias against Mothers and Caregivers
Authors: Albiston Catherine , Correll Shelley
Published: April 2023

Status-based theories of labor market inequality contend that, even when workers have identical qualifications and performance, employers evaluate them differently based on stereotypes about their status group. Gender and parenthood are status characteristics that affect decisions about hiring, pay, and promotion through stereotypes that mothers should not work, fathers should not take leave, and caregivers of either gender are less reliable, committed workers. We contend that family-leave laws mitigate these status effects by conveying a consensus that both men and women can legitimately combine work and family. An experiment testing this theory shows that, when the law is not salient, participants pay mothers (whether or not they take leave) and fathers who take leave less and rate them as less promotable than other identical workers. Participants also rate these employees as less competent, committed, and congenial than other identical workers. By contrast, when participants review family-leave laws before they evaluate employees, they treat mothers and caregivers no worse than other workers. Reviewing an organizational family-leave policy did not reduce the effects of stereotypes as much as reviewing formal law. These findings suggest that making law salient during workplace evaluations can reduce inequality through law’s expressive effects.
Corporate Hiring Under COVID-19: Financial Constraints and the Nature of New Jobs
Authors: Campello Murillo , Kankanhalli Gaurav , Muthukrishnan Pradeep
Published: April 2023

Big data on job postings reveal multiple facets of the impact of COVID-19 on corporate hiring. Firms disproportionately cut new hiring for high-skill positions, with financially constrained firms reducing skilled hiring the most. Applying machine learning methods to job-ad texts, we find that firms have skewed their hiring toward operationally-core functions. New positions display greater flexibility regarding schedules and tasks. While job posting levels show signs of recovery starting in late-2020, changes to job descriptions and skill profiles persist through early-2022. Financial constraints amplify these changes, with constrained firms’ new hires witnessing greater adjustments to job roles and employment arrangements.
Design, development, and analysis of the lower body of next-generation 3D-printed humanoid research platform: PANDORA
Authors: Fuge Alexander J. , Herron Connor W. , Beiter Benjamin C. , Kalita Bhaben , Leonessa Alexander
Published: April 2023

The main contribution of this paper is the design and development of the lower body of PANDORA (3D-Printed Autonomous humaNoid Developed for Open-source Research Applications), a new humanoid robotic platform implementing additive manufacturing techniques. The three joint configurations (hip, knee, and ankle) along with the major three structural parts (pelvis, thigh, and shin) of the lower body are discussed. The use of 3D printing and PLA+ material makes the robot an affordable solution for humanoid robotics research that gives a high power-to-weight ratio by significantly reducing the number of parts, as well as manufacturing and assembly time. The range of motion of the lower body of PANDORA has been investigated and is found to be comparable to a human lower body. Further, finite element analysis has been performed on the major parts of the lower body of PANDORA to check the structural integrity and to avoid catastrophic failures in the robot. The use of in-house developed actuators and robot electronics reduces the overall cost of the robot and makes PANDORA easily accessible to the research communities working in the field of humanoids. Overall, PANDORA has the potential for becoming popular between researchers and designers for investigating applications in the field of humanoid robotics, healthcare, and manufacturing, just to mention a few. The mechanical designs presented in this work are available open source to lower the knowledge barrier in developing and conducting research on bipedal robots.
Prescribed performance LOS guidance-based dynamic surface path following control of surface vessel with position and heading errors constraint
Authors: Shen Zhipeng , Li Ang , Li Li , Yu Haomiao
Published: April 2023

Concentrating on a surface vessel with input saturation, model uncertainties and unknown disturbances, a path following the adaptive backstepping control method based on prescribed performance line-of-sight (PPLOS) guidance is proposed. First, a prescribed performance asymmetric modified barrier Lyapunov function (PPAMBLF) is used to design the PPLOS and the heading controller, which make the path following position and heading errors meet the prescribed performance requirements. Furthermore, the backstepping and dynamic surface technique (DSC) are used to design the path following controller and the adaptive assistant systems are constructed to compensate the influence of input saturation. In addition, neural networks are introduced to approximate model uncertainties, and the adaptive laws are designed to estimate the bounds of the neural network approximation errors and unknown disturbances. According to the Lyapunov stability theory, all signals are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, a 76$\,{\cdot }\,$2 m supply surface vessel is used for simulation experiments. The experimental results show that although the control inputs are limited, the control system can still converge quickly, and both position and heading errors can be limited to the prescribed performance requirements.
Emotion regulation as a predictor of patterns of change in behavior problems in previously institutionalized youth
Authors: Perry Nicole B. , Donzella Bonny
Published: April 2023

Longitudinal trajectories of psychopathology in previously institutionalized (PI) youth were identified and biobehavioral emotion regulation processes were examined as developmental mechanisms that predict these trajectories. Mental health data were collected from PI (N = 132) and nonadopted (NA; N = 175) youth across four time points (participant age ranged from 7- to 21-year-old). Using semiparametric group-based methods, the probability that each individual belonged to a distinct group that followed a specific pattern of behavior across time was estimated. We then tested whether unique aspects of emotion regulation (global, observed, and biological) were differentially associated with membership in externalizing and internalizing trajectory groups using multinomial logistic regression models. Four externalizing trajectories were identified for the PI and NA groups. For PI youth, global, observed, and biological emotion regulation processes were uniquely predictive of more adaptive externalizing trajectories. For NA youth, only parent-reported global emotion regulation was predictive of externalizing patterns. Three internalizing trajectories were identified for PI and NA youth. Generally, only parent-reported global emotion regulation predicted internalizing group membership for both PI and NA youth. Results suggest that biobehavioral emotion regulation processes may be particularly important predictors and potential points of intervention when targeting trajectories of externalizing behaviors in PI children.
Genetic confounding in bullying research: Causal claims revisited
Authors: Vrijen Charlotte , Nolte Ilja M. , Oldehinkel Albertine J. , Veenstra René , Kretschmer Tina
Published: April 2023

Bullying research has shown repeatedly that victims of bullying have an increased risk for later internalizing problems and bullies have an increased risk for later externalizing problems. Bullying involvement is often, either explicitly or implicitly, presented as part of a causal mechanism for maladjustment. However, genetic vulnerability may confound the reported associations. This study examined to what extent genetic vulnerability can account for the reported associations between bullying involvement (age 11-14) and later internalizing and externalizing problems (age 16), using data from the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (n = 1604). Because polygenic scores capture only a fraction of the total genetic effect, they were extrapolated to the size of single-nucleotide polymorphism and twin heritability estimates to examine genetic confounding while controlling for (hypothetical) polygenic scores that fully capture the genetic effect. Genetic vulnerability for internalizing and externalizing problems confounded, respectively, the association between bullying victimization and later internalizing problems, and the association between bullying perpetration and later externalizing problems. As such, this study showcases a method that can be broadly used to assess the magnitude of genetic confounding. Caution is, however, warranted in interpreting particularly the less straightforward extrapolations of polygenic scores to the size of twin heritability estimates.
Clinical benefits of vortioxetine 20 mg/day in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Christensen Michael C. , McIntyre Roger S. , Adair Michael , Florea Ioana , Loft Henrik , Fagiolini Andrea
Published: April 2023

Background

Vortioxetine has demonstrated dose-dependent efficacy in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), with the greatest effect observed with vortioxetine 20 mg/day. This analysis further explored the clinical relevance of the more rapid and greater improvement in depressive symptoms observed with vortioxetine 20 mg/day vs 10 mg/day.

Methods

Analysis of pooled data from six short-term (8-week), randomized, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose studies of vortioxetine 20 mg/day in patients with MDD (N = 2620). Symptomatic response (≥50% decrease in Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] total score), sustained symptomatic response, and remission (MADRS total score ≤10) were assessed by vortioxetine dosage (20 or 10 mg/day).

Results

After 8 weeks, 51.4% of patients receiving vortioxetine 20 mg/day had achieved symptomatic response vs 46.0% of those receiving vortioxetine 10 mg/day (P < .05). Significantly more patients achieved symptomatic response vs placebo from week 2 onwards for vortioxetine 20 mg/day and from week 6 onwards for vortioxetine 10 mg/day (both P ≤ .05). Sustained response was achieved from week 4 for 26.0% of patients receiving vortioxetine 20 mg/day vs 19.1% of those receiving vortioxetine 10 mg/day (P < .01), increasing to 36.0% and 29.8%, respectively, over the 8-week treatment period (P < .05). At week 8, 32.0% of patients receiving vortioxetine 20 mg/day were in remission vs 28.2% of those receiving vortioxetine 10 mg/day (P = .09). Rates of adverse events and treatment withdrawal were not increased during the week following vortioxetine dose up-titration to 20 mg/day.

Conclusion

Vortioxetine 20 mg/day provides more rapid and more sustained symptomatic response than vortioxetine 10 mg/day in patients with MDD, without compromising tolerability.
Emergency department presentations with suicide and self-harm ideation: a missed opportunity for intervention?
Authors: Ross E. , Murphy S. , O’Hagan D. , Maguire A. , O’Reilly D.
Published: April 2023

Aims

Suicidal ideation constitutes a central element of most theories of suicide and is the defining facet separating suicide from other causes of death such as accidents. However, despite a high worldwide prevalence, most research has focused on suicidal behaviours, such as completed suicide and suicide attempts, while the greater proportion who experienced ideation, which frequently precedes suicidal behaviour, have received much less attention. This study aims to examine the characteristics of those presenting to EDs with suicidal ideation and quantify the associated risk of suicide and other causes of death.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study was performed based on population-wide health administration data linked to data from the Northern Ireland Registry of Self-Harm and centrally held mortality records from April 2012 to December 2019. Mortality data, coded as suicide, all-external causes and all-cause mortality were analysed using Cox proportional hazards. Additional cause-specific analyses included accidental deaths, deaths from natural causes and drug and alcohol-related causes.

Results

There were 1,662,118 individuals aged over 10 years, of whom 15,267 presented to the ED with ideation during the study period. Individuals with ideation had a 10-fold increased risk of death from suicide (hazard ratio [HRadj] = 10.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 9.18, 12.80) and from all-external causes (HRadj = 10.65, 95% CI 9.66, 11.74) and a threefold risk of death from all-causes (HRadj = 3.01, 95% CI 2.84, 3.20). Further cause-specific analyses indicated that risk of accidental death (HRadj = 8.24, 95% CI 6.29, 10.81), drug-related (HRadj = 15.17, 95% CI 11.36, 20.26) and alcohol-related (HRadj = 10.57, 95% CI 9.07, 12.31) has also significantly increased. There were few socio-demographic and economic characteristics that would identify which of these patients are most at risk of suicide or other causes of death.

Conclusions

Identifying people with suicidal ideation is recognized to be both important but difficult in practice; this study shows that presentations to EDs with self-harm or suicide ideation represent an important potential intervention point for this hard-to-reach vulnerable population. However, and unlike individuals presenting with self-harm, clinical guidelines for the management and recommended best practice and care of these individuals are lacking. Whilst suicide prevention may be the primary focus of interventions aimed at those experiencing self-harm and suicide ideation, death from other preventable causes, especially substance misuse, should also be a cause of concern.