bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vulnerability, ageism, and health: is it helpful to label older adults as a vulnerable group in health care?
Authors: Langmann Elisabeth
Published: November 2022

Despite the diversity of ageing, society and academics often describe and label older persons as a vulnerable group. As the term vulnerability is frequently interchangeably used with frailty, dependence, or loss of autonomy, a connection between older age and deficits is promoted. Concerning this, the question arises to what extent it may be helpful to refer to older persons as vulnerable specifically in the context of health care. After analyzing different notions of vulnerability, I argue that it is illegitimate to conclude that older age is related to increased vulnerability. Much more, identifying older adults as a vulnerable group is closely related to ageism and can be associated with paternalistic benevolence and a tendency to overprotection, especially within health care. Additionally, even though older adults are more often in situations of increased vulnerability due to their potentially higher need for health care, I argue further that older adults mainly become a vulnerable group due to ageism. In this way, it can be concluded that the vulnerability of older adults does not originate in certain attributes of the group, but arises from a characteristic of society and, in turn, health personnel, namely ageism. Labeling older adults as vulnerable therefore is only helpful, when it is used to raise awareness of the widespread ageism in society, in this context, especially in the setting of health care, and the negative consequences thereof for older adults.
On the compounding of higher order monotonic pseudo-Boolean functions
Authors: Ressel Paul
Published: November 2022

Compounding submodular monotone (i.e. 2-alternating) set functions on a finite set preserves this property, as shown in 2010. A natural generalization to k-alternating functions was presented in 2018, however hardly readable because of page long formulas. We give an easier proof of a more general result, exploiting known properties of higher order monotonic functions.
Modeling and Representing Conceptual Change in the Learning of Successive Theories
Authors: Zuccarini Giacomo , Malgieri Massimiliano
Published: November 2022

Most educational literature on conceptual change concerns the process by which introductory students acquire scientific knowledge. However, with modern developments in science and technology, the social significance of learning successive theories is steadily increasing, thus opening new areas of interest to discipline-based education research, e.g., quantum logic, quantum information, and communication. Here, we present an initial proposal for modeling the transition from the understanding of a theory to the understanding of its successor and explore its generative potential by applying it to a concrete case—the classical-quantum transition in physics. In pursue of such task, we make coordinated use of contributions from research not only on conceptual change in education, but also on the history and philosophy of science, on the teaching and learning of quantum mechanics, and on mathematics education. By means of analytical instruments developed for characterizing conceptual trajectories at different representational levels, we review empirical literature in the search for the connections between theory change and cognitive demands. The analysis shows a rich landscape of changes and new challenges that are absent in the traditionally considered cases of conceptual change. In order to fully disclose the educational potential of the analysis, we visualize categorical changes by means of dynamic frames, identifying recognizable patterns that answer to students’ need of comparability between the older and the new paradigm. Finally, we show how the frame representation can be used to suggest pattern-dependent strategies to promote the understanding of the new content, and may work as a guide to curricular design.
Hydrogen Adsorption on Pd–In Intermetallic Surfaces
Authors: Kauppinen Minttu , Grönbeck Henrik
Published: November 2022

It has recently been shown that $$\hbox {CO}_2$$

CO
2

hydrogenation to methanol over PdIn and $$\hbox {In}_2\hbox {O}_3$$

In
2

O
3

depends critically on the adsorption energy of hydrogen. Here we use density functional theory calculations to investigate hydrogen adsorption over Pd–In intermetallic compound surfaces with different Pd:In ratios. The electronic structure and properties of hydrogen adsorption are investigated for a range of surface facets and compared to the corresponding results for the pure parent metals and Cu. Increased In content is found to shift the Pd(d) density of states away from the Fermi level, making the intermetallic Pd–In compounds to appear “Cu-like”. We find a linear correlation between the hydrogen binding energy and the d-band center of surface Pd atoms. Understanding of how the hydrogen adsorption energy depends on composition and structure provides a possibility to enhance the performance of $$\hbox {CO}_2$$

CO
2

hydrogenation catalysts to methanol.
Causal influences of salience/cerebellar networks on dorsal attention network subserved age-related cognitive slowing
Authors: Wong Clive H. Y. , Liu Jiao , Tao Jing , Chen Li-dian , Yuan Huan-ling , Wong Mabel N. K. , Xu Yan-wen , Lee Tatia M. C. , Chan Chetwyn C. H.
Published: November 2022

Age-related cognitive slowing is a prominent precursor of cognitive decline. Functional neuroimaging studies found that cognitive processing speed is associated with activation and coupling among frontal, parietal and cerebellar brain networks. However, how the reciprocal influences of inter- and intra-network coupling mediate age-related decline in processing speed remains insufficiently studied. This study examined how inter- and intra-brain network influences mediate age-related slowing. We were interested in the fronto-insular salience network (SN), frontoparietal dorsal attention network (DAN), cerebellar network (CN) and default mode network (DMN). Reaction time (RT) and functional MRI data from 84 participants (aged 18–75) were collected while they were performing the Arrow Task in visual or audial forms. At the subject level, effective connectivities (ECs) were estimated with regression dynamic causal modelling. At the group level, structural equation models (SEMs) were used to model latent speed based on age and the EC mediators. Age was associated with decreased speed and increased inter-network effective connectivity. The CN exerting influence on the DAN (CN → DAN EC) mediated, while the SN → DAN EC suppressed age-related slowing. The DMN and intra-network ECs did not seem to play significant roles in slowing due to ageing. Inter-network connectivity from the CN and SN to the DAN contributes to age-related slowing. The seemingly antagonizing influences of the CN and SN indicate that increased task-related automaticity and decreased effortful control on top-down attention would promote greater speed in older individuals.
Mucinous cystic neoplasms of the liver with biliary prolapse
Authors: Kozaka Kazuto , Takahashi Hiroaki , Inoue Akitoshi , Graham Rondell P. D. , Boyum James H. , Heiken Jay P. , Takahashi Naoki
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To describe the prevalence, clinical and radiological findings of biliary prolapse in pathologically proven mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver (MCN-L).

Methods

Thirty-four patients, all female with median age 50 years (range, 14–82), with histologically confirmed MCN-L were enrolled. Median tumor size was 9 cm (range, 2–21 cm). Fifty-seven examinations (17 ultrasound, 25 CT, and 15 MR) among 34 MCN-Ls were reviewed. Two radiologists retrospectively assessed images for tumor location, size and other morphological features of the tumor, presence of biliary prolapse and upstream bile duct dilatation. Ultrasound, CT, and MR were assessed separately. Clinical features were evaluated. Clinical and radiological characteristics of MCN-L with and without biliary prolapse were compared.

Results

15% (5/34) of MCN-Ls showed biliary prolapse confirmed at pathology. None of MCN-Ls were associated with invasive carcinoma. Patients with biliary prolapse were significantly younger than those without (median 27 years [22–56] vs. median 51 years [14–82], p = 0.03). MCN-Ls with biliary prolapse were significantly smaller than those without (median 6.4 cm [2.2–7.5] vs. median 9.6 cm [3.1–21], p = 0.01). The upstream bile duct was dilated more frequently in MCN-Ls with biliary prolapse (100% vs. 38%, p = 0.02). Jaundice was significantly more common in MCN-Ls with biliary prolapse (80 vs 3%, p = 0.0005). Other clinical or radiological features were not significantly different between two groups.

Conclusions

Biliary prolapse was found in 15% of MCN-Ls. MCN-Ls with biliary prolapse were significantly smaller and were more commonly associated with upstream bile duct dilation and jaundice than those without biliary prolapse.
Seismotectonics of Southern Calabria Terrane (South Italy)
Authors: Tripodi Vincenzo , Gervasi Anna , La Rocca Mario , Lucà Federica , Muto Francesco
Published: November 2022

Seismic data of earthquakes recorded during the last 40 years in southern Calabria have been compared with geological data in order to obtain a seismotectonic picture of the area. We sought for any possible correlation between the main regional tectonic structures, the distribution of earthquake hypocentres and the focal mechanism of earthquakes with magnitude (Ml)≥3. Studies of historical and recent seismicity and analysis of geological structures allowed to define the main shear strips on a regional scale. More than 2600 earthquakes with 1.5 ≤ Ml ≤ 4.5 have been considered. The focal mechanisms of earthquakes with Ml≥3 have been compared with the kinematics of known faults and used to give insight on the current active stress field. From the analysis carried out it was possible to expand the cognitive framework regarding the activity of the main tectonic structures present in the area. This study also served to identify areas of high seismicity which do not correspond to any evidence of tectonic structures on the surface, and areas where recognized tectonic structures have not shown any seismicity during the last decades. These cases could be the subject of future investigation in order to correctly assess the seismic hazard in Calabria. This task is important in the context of seismic hazard evaluation and mitigation.
Growth trends and environmental drivers of major tree species of the northern hardwood forest of eastern North America
Authors: Stern Rebecca L. , Schaberg Paul G. , Rayback Shelly A. , Hansen Christopher F. , Murakami Paula F. , Hawley Gary J.
Published: November 2022

The future health and productivity of tree species in the northern hardwood forest of eastern North America are uncertain considering changes in climate and pollution loading there. To better understand the trajectory of the northern hardwood forest, we studied the growth of three tree species emblematic of it: sugar maple (Acer saccharumMarsh), American beech (Fagus grandifoliaEhrh.), and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensisBritton), plus a fourth species, red maple (Acer rubrumL.), whose abundance has increased in the region. We also analyzed the link between growth and several factors for 690 trees in 45 plots throughout Vermont, USA: tree age and size, site elevation, and climate and acid deposition variables. Throughout their chronologies (1945–2014), all four species exhibited increasing growth followed by plateaued growth indicative of a maturing forest. For all species, summer moisture was positively correlated with growth, summer temperature was negatively associated with growth, and winter moisture or snow were positively correlated with growth. This last association was expected for sugar maple. However, our data suggest that winter snowpack may be more broadly relevant in sustaining tree growth in a region where snow has historically insulated the soil from freezing that can damage roots and lead to reduced aboveground growth. Measures of pollution deposition were also correlated with growth for all species except American beech—a species with documented tolerance to pollutant inputs. Of the four species studied, red maple had the fewest associations with environmental variables, which suggests that it may be less susceptible to growth reductions as the climate changes.
The relationship between Central Nervous System morphometry changes and key symptoms in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Thapaliya Gita , Eldeghaidy Sally , Asghar Michael , McGing Jordan , Radford Shellie , Francis Susan , Moran Gordon William
Published: November 2022

Alterations in grey matter volume (GMV) and cortical thickness (CT) in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients has been previously documented. However, the findings are inconsistent, and not a true representation of CD burden, as only CD patients in remission have been studied thus far. We investigate alterations in brain morphometry in patients with active CD and those in remission, and study relationships between brain structure and key symptoms of fatigue, abdominal pain, and extraintestinal manifestations (EIM). Magnetic Resonance Imaging brain scans were collected in 89 participants; 34 CD participants with active disease, 13 CD participants in remission and 42 healthy controls (HCs); Voxel based morphometry (VBM) assessed GMV and white matter volume (WMV), and surface-based analysis assessed cortical thickness (CT). We show a significant reduction in global cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume in CD participants compared with HCs, as well as, a reduction in regional GMV, WMV and CT in the left precentral gyrus (motor cortex), and an increase in GMV in the frontal brain regions in CD compared with HCs. Atrophy of the supplementary motor area (SMA) was associated with greater fatigue in CD. We also show alterations in brain structure in multiple regions in CD associated with abdominal pain and extraintestinal inflammations (EIMs). These brain structural alterations likely reflect neuroplasticity to a chronic systemic inflammatory response, abdominal pain, EIMs and fatigue. These findings will aid our understanding of the cross-linking between chronic inflammation, brain structural changes and key unexplained CD symptomatology like fatigue.
A Literature Review of Taste Change and Zinc Deficiency After Bariatric Surgery: Could There Be a Causal Link?
Authors: Mozaffar Boshra , Idris Iskandar
Published: November 2022

In this review, we collated evidence relating to taste change and zinc deficiency in relation to bariatric surgery (BS) and effects of zinc replacement on taste perception and speculate on the possible role of zinc deficiency to induce taste change after BS. A literature search was conducted (33 studies, N = 3264). We showed that taste change and zinc deficiency are frequent complications after BS, which both typically occurred at 6 months post-surgery. Our analysis did not support a causal link between the two, but similar onset of incidences indirectly indicates a link. Supplementation with 45–50 mg of zinc sulphate, higher than current recommendation, was effective in improving taste. Further studies are required to establish the causal link between the two in the context of BS.
Community Patterns and Environmental Associations for the Early Life Stages of Fishes in a Highly Transformed Estuary
Authors: Castillo Gonzalo C. , Tempel Trishelle , Slater Steven B. , Mahardja Brian , Gilbert Morgan D.
Published: November 2022

Estuaries are important fish nursery areas, yet little is known of how environmental forcing influences estuarine fishes during their early life stages. We analyzed environmental and larval-juvenile fish community data in the upper San Francisco Estuary (SFE) from spring to early summer 1995–2017, to better understand drivers of spatiotemporal community patterns in this highly modified estuary. We evaluated community patterns based on the relative abundance and diversity of native and introduced fish in the SFE and their predominant distribution (pelagic, demersal). The upper SFE experienced a downward trend of freshwater outflow and upward trends of temperature and salinity intrusion. Fish relative abundance only showed long-term downtrends for native and introduced pelagic fish groups. The most influential habitat components for relative abundance and diversity of fish groups were in decreasing order: temperature, salinity, Secchi depth, bottom depth, and zooplankton biomass. Early life stages of native and introduced fishes were generally segregated spatially and temporally, with native fishes more associated with cooler, saltier, and higher turbidity habitats during early to mid-spring compared to introduced fishes during late spring to early summer. Community ordination showed that environmental (temperature, salinity, outflow, Secchi depth, and zooplankton biomass) and spatiotemporal factors (month and depth), explained nearly 40% of the total variance. Our results suggest that the shorter duration of planktonic and nektonic stages of demersal fish groups results in higher resiliency compared to pelagic fishes. The declining abundance of pelagic fishes overall seems to be linked to drought effects and human-induced synergistic interactions intensified by climate change.
Origins and Distribution of Hellenistic and Late Republican Transport Amphorae in the Dalmatian Region and its Implications for Adriatic Trade and Economy
Authors: Miše Maja , Quinn Patrick Sean
Published: November 2022

The presence of Hellenistic and Late Republican transport amphorae at numerous sites along the Adriatic and within shipwrecks off the coast indicates that intense trade and/or exchange in commodities such as olive oil and wine took place in this region from the fourth until the first century BC. The details of this commercial activity are nevertheless unclear in terms of the sources, destinations, and routes via which transport containers and their contents were circulated. The present study brings compositional data to bear on this topic by analysing petrographically and geochemically 248 amphorae sherds from 15 sites along the Dalmatian coast of present-day Croatia, including production sites, places of consumption, and shipwrecks. This revealed the existence of several larger amphora workshops whose amphorae were used to export goods to Dalmatia during the fourth and third centuries BC. They were involved in direct trade or through intermediaries in the redistribution centres. In the second and first centuries BC, only one workshop supplied amphorae in the region, which is probably the Dalmatian town of Issa. Aspects of the regional and inter-regional distribution and redistribution of amphorae from these workshops have been reconstructed, as well as changes within the trading system over time.
Neonatal Musicality: Do Newborns Detect Emotions in Music?
Authors: Nagy Emese , Cosgrove Rachael , Robertson Naomi , Einhoff Theresa , Orvos Hajnalka
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to explore healthy, term neonates’ behavioural and physiological responses to music using frame-by-frame analysis of their movements (Experiment 1;N = 32, 0–3 days old) and heart rate measurements (Experiment 2;N = 66, 0–6 days old). A ‘happy’ and ‘sad’ music was first validated by independent raters for their emotional content from a large pool of children’s songs and lullabies, and the effect of the emotions in these two music pieces and a control, no-music condition was compared. The results of the frame-by-frame behavioural analysis showed that babies had emotion-specific responses across the three conditions. Happy music decreased their arousal levels, shifting from drowsiness to sleep, and resulted in longer latencies in other forms of self-regulatory behaviour, such as sucking. The decrease in arousal was accompanied by heart rate deceleration. In the sad music condition, relative ‘stillness’ was observed, and longer leg stretching latencies were measured. In both music conditions, longer latencies of fine motor finger and toe movements were found. Our findings suggest that the emotional response to music possibly emerges very early ontogenetically as part of a generic, possibly inborn, human musicality.
Role of S/Se replacement on the structure of Ge20Se80-xSx glasses
Authors: Elhady A F , Dongol M , Ebied M S , Mahmoud S
Published: November 2022

The effect of S-content on the medium-and short-range order structure of Ge20Se80−xSx$$\left(x=0,15,30 \mathrm {at}\%\right)$$x=0,15,30at%, has been investigated by using high-energy X-ray diffraction. Medium-range order changes, as illustrated by the parameters of the first sharp diffraction peak, were discussed in the light of the microcrystalline model. The short-range order parameters have been obtained by the analysis of the first two peaks in the curve of the total radial distribution function. The current results indicate that S-atoms enter the host network of the stiffness composition (Ge20Se80) as compensation of Se-atoms.
Using magnetite/zirconium-comodified attapulgite as a novel phosphorus (P) sorbent for the efficient removal of P and the adsorption mechanism allowing this effect
Authors: Deng Chengxun , Xue Jianhui , Wu Yongbo
Published: November 2022

Magnetite/zirconium-comodified attapulgite (Fe/ZrATP) acting as a novel phosphorus (P) sorbent was synthesized, characterized and applied to control P in an aquatic environment. Batch experiments demonstrated that at an adsorption dose of 0.2 g, 97.8% of the phosphate was rapidly sequestered from aqueous solution within 24 h, and the composite reached a maximal sorption capacity of 3 mg/g. The adsorption performance of the adsorbent Fe/ZrATP was minimally affected by changes in the initial pH (pH = 2–11). In addition, Fe/ZrATP presented excellent selectivity for phosphate when coexisting ions that often occur in water bodies were present; the solution ionic strength exerted little influence on phosphate sorption behavior. Adsorption and desorption experiments indicated that the removal of phosphate was mainly due to adsorption. The Fe/ZrATP adsorption isotherm was fitted to the Freundlich adsorption model. Moreover, the composite demonstrated excellent recyclability performance. The P adsorption mechanism of Fe/ZrATP involves electrostatic interactions, ligand exchange and surface precipitation. Our findings indicated that the separable Fe/ZrATP demonstrated high efficiency and sustainable phosphate removal, which is promising in phosphate removal and recovery applications
Influence of post-pyrolysis treatment on physicochemical properties and acid medium stability of magnetic carbon nanocomposites
Authors: Burbano A. A. , Medina G. A. Muñoz , Sánchez F. H. , Lassalle V. L. , Horst M. F. , Gascó G. , Méndez A.
Published: November 2022

This study presents the preparation of magnetic carbon nanocomposites (MCNCs) through a two-step procedure: (i) in situ co-precipitation of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles into four different carbonaceous matrixes and (ii) post-pyrolysis treatment to coat the magnetic core. Four post-pyrolysis MCNCs were obtained: MACP (post-pyrolyzed magnetic activated carbon), MCCP (post-pyrolyzed magnetic charcoal), MHCPOR (post-pyrolyzed magnetic hydrochar from orange residue), and MBCPSFH (post-pyrolyzed magnetic biochar from sunflower husk). These four samples were compared with the starting MCNCs prepared without post-pyrolysis treatment: MAC, MCC, MHCOR, and MBCSFH, respectively. After post-pyrolysis treatment, a thin carbon layer surrounding some of the magnetite nanoparticles was identified by transmission electron microscopy. Post-pyrolysis modified the porous structure and chemical composition of MCNCs. Furthermore, a leaching test with acid sulfuric solution at 90 °C was carried out. The results suggested that the MHCPOR and MBCPSFH were more stable in an acidic medium than MACP and MCCP, indicating that the coat generated during post-pyrolysis of hydrochar and biochar could partially protect the magnetic core by reducing Fe leaching into the aqueous solution. Biochar and the hydrochar-based MCNCs before and after post-pyrolysis treatment exhibit superparamagnetic properties; however, their saturation magnetization (Ms) decreased considerably. These results open the potential application fields of MCNCs obtained by post-pyrolysis of biochar and hydrochar-based materials in acidic mediums.
Two cases of nivolumab plus ipilimumab therapy for dialysis patients with advanced bone metastasis from renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Takahashi Mika , Takishita Minika , Yamazato Yukako , Kakinoki Hiroaki , Udo Kazuma , Tobu Shohei , Noguchi Mitsuru
Published: November 2022

Nivolumab and ipilimumab are immune checkpoint inhibitors. Combination therapy with these two drugs has been shown to improve the outcome of advanced renal cell carcinoma. However, data about the safety and the efficacy of combination therapy with these two drugs in hemodialysis patients are small. A 59-year-old male hemodialysis patient presented with bone metastasis from renal cell carcinoma, which was located at the right femur. He received nivolumab plus ipilimumab therapy. At 7 months after treatment, he was diagnosed with diabetes as an immune-related adverse event. He was managed with insulin therapy. At 11 months after treatment, CT revealed cytoreduction of metastasis. A 74-year-old male hemodialysis patient presented with bone metastasis of renal cell carcinoma located at the sacrum and left scapula. He received nivolumab plus ipilimumab therapy. At 6 months after treatment, CT showed no progression of metastasis. Nivolumab and ipilimumab therapy might be a viable treatment for hemodialysis patients with bone metastasis from renal cell carcinoma. However, close attention should be paid immune-related adverse events in such patients.
Strategies for the attraction and conservation of natural pollinators in agroecosystems: a systematic review
Authors: Duque-Trujillo D. , Hincapié C. A. , Osorio M. , Zartha-Sossa J. W.
Published: November 2022

The objective of this work is to find the most prevalent elements that have positive effects on pollinator density and diversity in crop fields, as reported in the literature, through a systematic review. The search equations yielded 659 papers, from which 138 were filtered and finally 55 were selected by publication date, journal, Scimago Journal Rank, Scimago Quartiles, subject area, keywords, and relevance. These papers were subjected to an in-depth qualitative analysis and tabulated using VantagePoint 10.0, finding 30 terms that were considered relevant due to their recurrence in all papers. From these 30 terms, the 10 most mentioned practices were extracted and grouped into four broad categories: proximity to natural habitats (98), grassland management (82), floral resources (80) and organic farming (65). All the above agricultural management practices were found to have the potential to increase pollinator numbers and diversity in different contexts. From the results, further research is recommended to try to attract the attention of specific groups of pollinators, as it was also identified that each species has very specific requirements, and a configuration intended just for one species could cause other groups to leave the area.
Hydrogen effect on mechanical properties and cracking of creep-resistant 9% Cr P92 steel and P91 weld metal
Authors: Rhode Michael , Nietzke Jonathan , Richter Tim , Mente Tobias , Mayr Peter , Nitsche Alexander
Published: November 2022

Martensitic 9% Cr steels like P91 and P92 can show an increased susceptibility to delayed hydrogen-assisted cracking. The focus of this study was the microstructure and heat treatment effect on the mechanical properties of P92 base material and P91 multi-layer weld metal in both as-welded and post weld heat treated (PWHT) condition. Tensile tests with hydrogen-free reference samples and electrochemically hydrogen charged samples were carried out; the mechanical properties were assessed and supported by detailed fractographic analysis. Finally, a hydrogen and microstructure-dependent fracture criterion is established. All investigated microstructures showed a hydrogen-influenced degradation of the mechanical properties compared to the hydrogen-free reference samples. The as-welded martensitic P91 weld metal had the highest degree of degradation in the presence of hydrogen. The P91 PWHT weld metal and the P92 base material had comparable properties. From that point of view, a significantly increased risk for hydrogen-assisted cold cracking during welding fabrication of P91 weld joints must be considered before any heat treatment is conducted.
On adjoint Bloch–Kato Selmer groups for $$\textrm{GSp}_{2g}$$
Authors: Wu Ju-Feng
Published: November 2022

We study the adjoint Bloch–Kato Selmer groups attached to a classical point in the cuspidal eigenvariety associated with $$\textrm{GSp}_{2g}$$

GSp

2
g

. Our strategy is based on the study of families of Galois representations on the eigenvariety, which is inspired by the book of J. Bellaiche and G. Chenevier.
Integrating evidence-based PTSD treatment into intensive eating disorders treatment: a preliminary investigation
Authors: Claudat Kimberly , Reilly Erin E. , Convertino Alexandra D. , Trim Julie , Cusack Anne , Kaye Walter H.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Given data suggesting common co-occurrence and worse outcomes for individuals with eating disorders (EDs) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it is critical to identify integrated treatment approaches for this group of patients. Past work has explored the feasibility and initial efficacy of intervention approaches that draw on evidence-based treatments for both EDs and PTSD; however, this work remains limited in scope. In the current study, we explored the feasibility and naturalistic outcomes of PTSD treatment delivered within the context of intensive ED treatment.

Method

Participants were 57 adult men and women with DSM-5 EDs and comorbid PTSD who completed a course of either Prolonged Exposure (PE; n = 22) or Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT; n = 35) (Msessions = 10.40; SD = 5.13) and weekly validated measurements of clinical symptoms while enrolled in ED programming.

Results

Multi-level models for PTSD symptoms indicated a significant linear effect of time, such that participants demonstrated significant decreases over time in PTSD symptoms, regardless of treatment modality.

Conclusion

Our preliminary investigation provides support for the feasibility and efficacy of an integrated approach to treating EDs and PTSD. It is critical for future work to undertake randomized tests of this integrated approach using large, heterogeneous samples.

Level of evidence

Level IV, multiple time series with intervention
Active control of friction realized by vibrational excitation: Numerical simulation based on the Prandtl-Tomlinson model and molecular dynamics
Authors: Ma Xiao , Tan Xinfeng , Guo Dan , Wen Shizhu
Published: November 2022

Superlubricity and active friction control have been extensively researched in order to reduce the consumption of fossil energy, the failure of moving parts, and the waste of materials. The vibration-induced superlubricity (VIS) presents a promising solution for friction reduction since it does not require high-standard environment. However, the mechanism underlying the VIS remains unclear since the atomic-scale information in a buried interface is unavailable to experimental methods. In this paper, the mechanism of VIS was examined via numerical calculation based on the Prandtl—Tomlinson (PT) model and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results revealed that the pushing effect of stick—slip is one of the direct sources of friction reduction ability under vibrational excitation, which was affected by the response amplitude, frequency, and the trace of the tip. Moreover, the proportion of this pushing effect could be modulated by changing the phase difference when applying coupled vibrational excitation in x- and z-axis. This results in a significant change in friction reduction ability with phase. By this way, active friction control from the stick—superlubricity can be achieved conveniently.
Pre-clerkship Teaching and Learning in the Virtual Learning Environment: Lessons Learned and Future Directions
Authors: Sewell Justin L. , Joshi Mihir , Thanh Cassandra , Apollon Chantilly , Austin Elizabeth , Burke Christian , Cornes Susannah , Davis John A. , Hermiston Michelle
Published: November 2022

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we developed and implemented a theory-informed process to adapt a comprehensive pre-clerkship medical school curriculum to run in the virtual learning environment utilizing sociocultural learning theory and cognitive load theory. Of 124 student respondents, 45% rated virtual learning as very or extremely effective, and 49% as moderately effective. Positive aspects of virtual learning included effectiveness of chat moderators, displaying pronouns on Zoom, active learning technology, and captioning and transcription. Negative aspects included access to technology and feeling isolated from community. Overall course ratings, examination performance, and work hours did not differ pre- and post-implementation.
In the Heat of the Short-Term Moment: Evidence that Heightened Sexual Arousal Increases Short-Term Mating Motivation Among Men
Authors: Wisman Arnaud , Thomas Andrew G.
Published: November 2022

Individual differences in men’s short-term mating interest are well studied, both at state and trait levels. Yet, the role of sexual arousal as a source of intra-individual variation has been neglected. This research represents the first attempt to integrate sexual arousal into the human mate plasticity literature. We argue that sexual arousal directly impacts the short-term mating motivation among men regardless of their personality, relationship status, and sociosexuality. Across four experiments, we found that heightened sexual arousal consistently increased men’s short-term mating motivation relative to participants in neutral and arousing control groups. Experiments 1 and 2 revealed that sexual arousal increased participants’ general short-term mating motivation and their preference for a short-term relationship over a long-term one. Experiment 3 replicated the findings of the first two experiments whilst also demonstrating that this effect was not moderated by personality (i.e., Dark Triad, Big Five) or relationship status. Heightened sexual arousal also led to decreased “state” long-term mating motivation. Finally, Experiment 4 showed that sexual arousal increased the participants’ preference for a short-term relationship over a long-term one, an effect that was not moderated by sociosexuality. Together, the results suggest that sexual arousal has a powerful effect on men’s short-term mating motivation, and that this effect is independent of intrasexual differences in personality, relationship status, and sociosexuality.
Proportionality, Evidence and the COVID-19-Jurisprudence in Germany
Authors: Berger Pascal
Published: November 2022

What is proportionate? The measures taken worldwide to contain SARS-CoV-2 deeply curtailed the fundamental rights of many citizens. The courts have upheld this course of containment: the protection of life and health takes precedence over individual liberties, even in the case of doubt about scientific evidence for the effectiveness of far-reaching measures. This finding is astonishing and does not automatically follow from the International Health Regulations, according to which interventions in fundamental rights have to be justified by facts. The principle of proportionality is the logical place where facts and normativity meet. Since science has polarized during the pandemic, the court selection and interpretation of scientific expertise is itself a politicized value judgment. Courts, I conclude, base their selection and interpretation on publicly available and legitimate knowledge. I develop this hypothesis on the basis of COVID-19-jurisprudence in Germany.
Functionally graded nonlocal thermoelastic nanobeam with memory-dependent derivatives
Authors: Kaur Iqbal , Singh Kulvinder
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate vibrations in 2D functionally graded nanobeams (FGN) with memory-dependent derivatives. A sinusoidal variation of temperature is assumed. The dimensionless expressions for axial displacement, thermal moment, lateral deflection, strain and temperature distribution are found in the transformed domain using Laplace Transforms, and the expressions in the physical domain are derived by numerical inversion techniques. The nanobeam is simply supported at the both ends and have constant temperatures. The FGN is a non-homogenous composite structure with constant structural variations along with the layer thickness, changing from ceramic at the bottom to metal at the top. Adding non-local MDD to thermoelastic models opens up new possibilities for the study of thermal deformations in solid mechanics. The effect of different kernel functions and periodic frequency of thermal vibration is illustrated graphically for lateral deflection, axial displacement, strain, temperature, and thermal moment.

Article highlights

A novel model of vibrations in a functionally graded nanobeams is presented.

The medium is subjected to sinusoidal variation of temperature.

Dynamic response of memory dependent derivative theory of thermoelasticity and non-local parameter is investigated.

The effects of kernel functions and periodic frequency of thermal vibration on all physical fields are investigated and shown graphically.
Recovering Individual Emotional States from Sparse Ratings Using Collaborative Filtering
Authors: Jolly Eshin , Farrens Max , Greenstein Nathan , Eisenbarth Hedwig , Reddan Marianne C. , Andrews Eric , Wager Tor D. , Chang Luke J.
Published: November 2022

A fundamental challenge in emotion research is measuring feeling states with high granularity and temporal precision without disrupting the emotion generation process. Here we introduce and validate a new approach in which responses are sparsely sampled and the missing data are recovered using a computational technique known ascollaborative filtering(CF). This approach leverages structured covariation across individual experiences and is available inNeighbors, an open-source Python toolbox. We validate our approach across three different experimental contexts by recovering dense individual ratings using only a small subset of the original data. In dataset 1, participants (n=316) separately rated 112 emotional images on 6 different discrete emotions. In dataset 2, participants (n=203) watched 8 short emotionally engaging autobiographical stories while simultaneously providing moment-by-moment ratings of the intensity of their affective experience. In dataset 3, participants (n=60) with distinct social preferences made 76 decisions about how much money to return in a hidden multiplier trust game. Across all experimental contexts, CF was able to accurately recover missing data and importantly outperformed mean and multivariate imputation, particularly in contexts with greater individual variability. This approach will enable new avenues for affective science research by allowing researchers to acquire high dimensional ratings from emotional experiences with minimal disruption to the emotion-generation process.
Functional diversification of heat shock factors
Authors: Kovács Dániel , Kovács Márton , Ahmed Saqib , Barna János
Published: November 2022

Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) are widely known as master regulators of the heat shock response. In invertebrates, a single heat shock factor, HSF1, is responsible for the maintenance of protein homeostasis. In vertebrates, seven members of the HSF family have been identified, namely HSF1, HSF2, HSF3, HSF4, HSF5, HSFX, and HSFY, of which HSF1 and HSF2 are clearly associated with heat shock response, while HSF4 is involved in development. Other members of the family have not yet been studied as extensively. Besides their role in cellular proteostasis, HSFs influence a plethora of biological processes such as aging, development, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation, and they are implicated in several pathologies such as neurodegeneration and cancer. This is achieved by regulating the expression of a great variety of genes including chaperones. Here, we review our current knowledge on the function of HSF family members and important aspects that made possible the functional diversification of HSFs.
Photosensitizing properties and subcellular localisation of 3,4-dihydro-β-carbolines harmaline and harmalol
Authors: Denofrio M. Paula , Paredes Jose M. , Yañuk Juan G. , Giron Maria D. , Salto Rafael , Talavera Eva M. , Crovetto Luis , Cabrerizo Franco M.
Published: November 2022

Harmaline (1) and harmalol (2) represent two3,4-dihydro-β-carboline (DHβCs) most frequently reported in a vast number of living systems. Fundamental aspects including the photosensitizing properties, cellular uptake, as well as the cyto- and phototoxicity of1and2were investigated herein. The molecular basis underlying the investigated processes are elucidated. Data reveal that both alkaloids show a distinctive pattern of extracellular DNA photodamage. Compound1induces a DNA photodamage profile dominated by oxidised purines and sites of base loss (AP sites), whereas2mostly induces single-strand breaks (SSBs) in addition to a small extent of purine oxidative damage. In both cases, DNA oxidative damage would occur through type I mechanism. In addition, a concerted hydrolytic attack is suggested as an extra mechanism accounting for the SSBs formation photoinduced by2. Subcellular internalisation, cyto- and phototoxicity of1and2and the corresponding full-aromatic derivatives harmine (3) and harmol (4) also showed quite distinctive patterns in a structure-dependent manner. These results are discussed in the framework of the potential biological, biomedical and/or pharmacological roles reported for these alkaloids.

Graphical abstract

The subtle structural difference (i.e., the exchange of a methoxy group for a hydroxyl substituent at C(7)) between harmaline and harmalol, gives rise to distinctive photosensitizing and subcellular localisation patterns.
A novel route to estimate the photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide via voltage measurements
Authors: Kurz Jochen , Erdinger Lothar
Published: November 2022

Titanium dioxide is known as a photocatalyst, that may be activated by UV-A light and thus be able to lead to chemical reactions, to mineralize organic compounds, to inactivate biomolecules and to kill microorganisms, respectively. To estimate the capability of the photocatalytic activity a novel experimental setup using photovoltage measurements was studied. A distinct correlation between the photocatalytic activity of the titanium dioxide samples and the measurable photovoltages could be demonstrated. The experimental setups included the construction of different electrochemical cells based on TiO2 and using different liquid and gel electrolytes. The investigations were carried out on titanium dioxide layers as well as on TiO2 particle materials. The electrochemical measurement of the resulting voltage was optimised and the results were compared with conventionally used methods for the determination of the photocatalytic activity like the decolourization of methylene blue solutions. Additionally, the increase of carbon dioxide concentration in the gas phase was taken as a measure for total mineralization. Results indicate strong correlations between the different methods.

Graphical Abstract
Ensuring Privacy and Confidentiality in Social Work Through Intentional Omissions of Information in Client Information Systems: a Qualitative Study of Available and Non-available Data
Authors: Schneider Diana
Published: November 2022

There is intensive debate about the use of AI-based systems in social work, although the degree of digitalization is low in many jurisdictions. In this article, the findings of research about the process of case recording in client information systems for social work are presented. Between January and June 2020, 20 guideline-based interviews were conducted with experts working for funding agencies or service providers. A significant finding was that there are intentional omissions of information within digital client records, despite being relevant for further case processing. This finding and the reasons for omission are highly relevant to the current debate on AI, because it extends consideration beyond the ethics of design to include the ethics of usage.
Recent development of eco-friendly nanocomposite carbon paste electrode for voltammetric determination of Cd(II) in real samples
Authors: Rahim Asmaa M. Abdel , Mahmoud Esraa M. M.
Published: November 2022

Using eco-friendly, cheap, and available adsorbents is promising for the determination of metal ions. So, this study focuses on the modification of graphite reinforcement carbon paste electrode (GRCPE) with mango seed kernel (MSK) for voltammetric determination of Cd(II). Moreover, to increase the surface area of this adsorbent, it was prepared in nanosized that formed nanoparticles of mango seed kernel (MSK-NPs). The developed nanocomposite electrode of carbon paste electrode modified with nanoparticles of mango seed kernel (MSK-NPs@GRCPE) was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of pH, buffer solution, and supporting electrolyte as experimental conditions were optimized through differential pulse adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetric method (DPAdASV). Britton-Robinson buffer pH = 3.9 at Eacc = – 1400 mV, tacc = 30 s, pulse width = 10 ms and sampling time = 8 ms were the optimum conditions for determination of Cd(II). The LOD and LOQ of MSK-NPs@GRCPE were calculated at 5.44 × 10–9 and 1.65 × 10–8 M, respectively. Compared with bare graphite reinforcement carbon paste electrode (BGRCPE), the nanocomposite MSK-NPs@GRCPE has a lower detection limit, indicating that the presence of MSK-NPs could greatly improve the response to Cd(II). The practical applicability of the electrode was verified by the determination of Cd(II) in chocolate and white rice samples. The results show high selectivity and sensitivity for Cd(II) in real samples.

Graphical abstract
Exploring Truth Commission Recommendations in a Comparative Perspective: Beyond Words Vol. I
Authors: Skaar Elin , Wiebelhaus-Brahm Eric , García-Godos Jemima
Published: November 2022

Based on fieldwork that is unprecedented in scope, this two-volume project provides the first systematic study of the formulation and implementation of the recommendations of 13 Latin American truth commissions.

Beyond Words Vol. I examines the variations in truth commission recommendations across 13 Latin American cases. Insights are provided regarding how the internal dynamics of truth commissions, as well as the political, social and economic context in which they operate, influence how recommendations are formulated. The authors then explore how the nature of these recommendations themselves, along with the aforementioned factors, influence which recommendations are actually implemented. The conclusion considers the findings' relevance for the crafting of future truth commission recommendations and reflects upon how the formulation and implementation of these recommendations shape the impact of truth commissions on societies emerging from periods of violence and repression.
Shortcut English: Pidgin Language, Racialization, and Symbolic Economies at a Chinese-Operated Mine in Zambia
Authors: Haruyama Justin Lee
Published: November 2022

“Shortcut English” is a pidgin spoken between Zambians and Chinese migrants at a Chinese-operated mine in southern Zambia. Contrary to most historical contact languages, the symbolic valences of Shortcut English favor the Zambian laborers over the Chinese mine managers and owners. In the past, Zambians at Summers have categorized Chinese asbamukuwa/ “whites.” Haruyama analyzes how the racializing dynamics of the new pidgin Shortcut English increasingly result in Chinese being figured asmachainizi, a denigrated racial other whom Zambians see as unfit to run the mine, which contributes to sometimes violent resistance.