bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting High Magneto‐Electric Coupling in Gd Substituted BiFeO3
Authors: Durga Rao Tadisetti , Sattibabu Bhumireddi , Asthana Saket
Published: July 2019

Polycrystalline BiFeO3 and Bi0.90R0.10FeO3 (R = La, Nd, Eu, Gd, and Ho) compounds are prepared by solid state synthesis. X‐ray diffraction and Raman measurements evidence that La and Nd substitutions retain the rhombohedral R3c crystal structure similar to BiFeO3 whereas a nominal orthorhombic phases are evolved in Eu, Gd, and Ho‐substituted compounds. The magnetic measurements at 10 and 300 K clearly indicate that the substitution modifies the spin structure of BiFeO3 and enhances the remanent magnetization Mr and coercive field Hc. The improved magnetic properties are correlated to the tolerance factor t of the compound. The variation of Hc with respect to field at 10 and 300 K illustrates the possibility of high magneto‐electric coupling in the Gd substituted compounds. The substitution of rare earth elements results better ferroelectric hysteresis loops due to the reduction of leakage currents. Better and enhanced ferroelectric properties are observed with La substitution. The observed ferroelectric properties are also discussed in terms of tolerance factor. This study is useful to identify the potential rare earth substituent to tune the magnetic and ferroelectric properties of BFO.
Molecular mechanisms of natural compounds in cell death induction and sensitization to chemotherapeutic drugs in lung cancer
Authors: Wattanathamsan Onsurang , Hayakawa Yoshihiro , Pongrakhananon Varisa
Published: July 2019

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, especially lung cancer. Chemotherapeutic drugs are commonly used for lung cancer treatment; nonetheless, undesirable side effects and drug resistance remain major challenges for therapeutic success. Therefore, harmless and effective treatments against lung cancer are urgently required. The use of natural phytochemical products, in single or combinatorial therapy, is an emerging strategy for prevention and cure of cancer because of the various remarkable anticancer properties of these compounds. Cell death, which primarily occurs via apoptosis and nonapoptotic mechanisms (necrosis, autophagy, and cellular senescence), is one of the antineoplastic effects of natural compounds. In this review, we highlight representative plant‐derived compounds with cancer chemopreventive and sensitizing effects in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs with various cell death‐inducing mechanisms. Relevant molecular mechanisms implicated in the pharmacological effects of these natural compounds are discussed. Overall, this review provides a reference and new perspective for application of phytochemical agents as potential anti‐lung cancer drugs for further cancer drug research and development.
Tetranuclear 3 d/4 f Coordination Complexes as Homogeneous Catalysts for Bis(indolyl)methane Syntheses
Authors: Sai Manoj Gorantla N. V. T. , Guruprasad Reddy Pulikanti , Abdul Shakoor Sayed Mohmmed , Mandal Rajkumar , Roy Sudipta , Mondal Kartik Chandra
Published: July 2019

Two novel 3d (Ni)/4 f (Dy and Y) metal ions and polydentate organic ligands (H2L1 and H2L2) based tetranuclear coordination complexes, [(L1)4NiII2DyIII2(DMF)2(NO3)2]⋅DMF (1) and [(L2)4NiII2YIII2(DMF)2(NO3)2]⋅DMF⋅H2O (2), have been synthesized and characterized using IR, elemental analysis and single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The application of these complexes as C−C bond coupling homogeneous catalysts has been logically shown. The complex 1 acts as an excellent catalyst (with a very low catalyst loading of 0.17 mol%) for the syntheses of a wide range of bis(indolyl)methane derivatives in good yields using various indoles and aromatic/hetero aromatic aldehydes under optimized reaction conditions. A plausible reaction mechanism has been proposed showing the coordinative binding of the aromatic aldehyde at NiII centre along with the associative π‐stacking interaction between the ligand (H2L1) and the phenyl ring of the aromatic aldehyde and/or indole leading to the formation of the desired bis(indolyl)methanes under the metal assisted C−C bond forming reaction with subsequent elimination of water molecule in polar protic solvent.
Reviewing the decision‐making behavior of irrigators
Authors: Meempatta Lubna , Webb A. James , Horne Avril C. , Keogh Louise Anne , Loch Adam , Stewardson Michael J.
Published: July 2019

The contribution of agriculture to society is undeniable, as is its impact on the environment. Irrigators' decisions to follow best management practices or implement a policy change, to accept a technology, or even to exit farming, all affect society. Hence the decision‐making behavior of irrigators is of interest to politicians, policymakers, and researchers due to their impact on resource use and social concerns for their welfare. There are numerous studies available regarding the decision‐making behavior of irrigators. Most of them concentrate on decisions within a single time frame, single decisions with multiple driving forces, or multiple decisions with a single driving force. We have conducted a comprehensive review of the existing literature related to irrigators' decision‐making behavior. We used a systematic method to identify relevant publications and used qualitative data analysis (content analysis) to analyze trends and/or patterns across the selected articles. This research provided a typology and an overarching high‐level framework of irrigators' decision‐making process irrespective of the types of decisions made. The results of the study demonstrate that it is highly beneficial to integrate both qualitative and quantitative methods in a single study to get a complete picture of irrigators' decision‐making process. This allows us to ensure that we have captured the relevant drivers of decision‐making in highly dynamic and complex environments. Better knowledge of irrigators' decision‐making process allows regulators to shape improved agricultural policy and increase acceptance by irrigators of technologies that allow water managers to allocate resources fairly among different stakeholders.

This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Methods

Engineering Water > Planning Water

Human Water > Water Governance
The multi-Regge limit of the eight-particle amplitude beyond leading logarithmic accuracy
Authors: Marzucca Robin , Verbeek Bram
Published: July 2019

Abstract

We present the computation of the eight-particle three-loop amplitude beyond leading logarithmic accuracy in the multi-Regge limit of planar

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 Super Yang-Mills theory. Starting from the all-loop dispersion integral form of the amplitude, we consider the eight-particle case and by analyzing said dispersion integral we associate it to a well-defined Fourier-Mellin transform. By using the properties of the Fourier-Mellin representation and its convolution product structure, we compute the three-loop eight-particle MHV amplitude at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. From this MHV result, we obtain the three-loop eight particle amplitude in multi-Regge kinematics for all helicity configurations, including next-to-next-to-MHV. Finally, we find that the result is described by combinations of single-valued multiple polylogarithms of uniform weight, the leading singularity structure of which corresponds to the classification shown at leading logarithmic accuracy.
Hearing without seeing: gravitational waves from hot and cold hidden sectors
Authors: Fairbairn Malcolm , Hardy Edward , Wickens Alastair
Published: July 2019

Abstract

We study the spectrum of gravitational waves produced by a first order phase transition in a hidden sector that is colder than the visible sector. In this scenario, bubbles of the hidden sector vacuum can be nucleated through either thermal fluctuations or quantum tunnelling. If a cold hidden sector undergoes a thermally induced transition, the amplitude of the gravitational wave signal produced will be suppressed and its peak frequency shifted compared to if the hidden and visible sector temperatures were equal. This could lead to signals in a frequency range that would otherwise be ruled out by constraints from big bang nucleosynthesis. Alternatively, a sufficiently cold hidden sector could fail to undergo a thermal transition and subsequently transition through the nucleation of bubbles by quantum tunnelling. In this case the bubble walls might accelerate with completely negligible friction. The resulting gravitational wave spectrum has a characteristic frequency dependence, which may allow such cold hidden sectors to be distinguished from models in which the hidden and visible sector temperatures are similar. We compare our results to the sensitivity of the future gravitational wave experimental programme.
Exploring inert scalars at CLIC
Authors: Kalinowski Jan , Kotlarski Wojciech , Robens Tania , Sokolowska Dorota , Żarnecki Aleksander Filip
Published: July 2019

Abstract

We investigate the prospect of discovering the Inert Doublet Model scalars at CLIC. As signal processes, we consider the pair-production of inert scalars, namely e
+
e
− → H
+
H
− and e
+
e
− → AH, followed by decays of charged scalars H
± and neutral scalars A into leptonic final states and missing transverse energy. We focus on signal signatures with two muons or an electron and a muon pair in the final state. A number of selected benchmark scenarios that cover the range of possible collider signatures of the IDM are considered. For the suppression of SM background with the same visible signature, multivariate analysis methods are employed. For several bench-mark points discovery is already possible at the low-energy stage of CLIC. Prospects of investigating scenarios that are only accessible at higher collider energies are also discussed.
Top-Yukawa contributions to bbH production at the LHC
Authors: Deutschmann Nicolas , Maltoni Fabio , Wiesemann Marius , Zaro Marco
Published: July 2019

Abstract

We study the production of a Higgs boson in association with bottom quarks

$$ \left(b\overline{b}H\right) $$

b

b
¯

H

in hadronic collisions at the LHC, including the different contributions stemming from terms proportional to the top-quark Yukawa coupling (y

t

2
), to the bottom-quark one (y

b

2
), and to their interference (y

b

y

t
). Our results are accurate to next-to-leading order in QCD, employ the four-flavour scheme and the (Born-improved) heavy-top quark approximation. We find that next-to-leading order corrections to the y

t

2
component are sizable, making it the dominant production mechanism for associated

$$ b\overline{b}H $$

b

b
¯

H

production in the Standard Model and increasing its inclusive rate by almost a factor of two. By studying final-state distributions of the various contributions, we identify observables and selection cuts that can be used to select the various components and to improve the experimental sensitivity of

$$ b\overline{b}H $$

b

b
¯

H

production on the bottom-quark Yukawa coupling.
The effect of the ECB’s conventional monetary policy on the real economy: FAVAR-approach
Authors: Laine Olli-Matti Juhani
Published: July 2019

This study applies factor-augmented vector autoregressive models to investigate the effect of the European Central Bank’s (ECB) conventional monetary policy on the real economy. More specifically, the study examines how unanticipated changes in the ECB’s policy rate have affected unemployment rate and industrial production. The effect of monetary policy on unemployment rate and industrial production is estimated to be strong and statistically significant using the data from January 1999 to July 2017 or from the pre-crisis period. However, after the beginning of the crisis the responses weaken drastically and become sometimes statistically insignificant, indicating that the effect of the ECB’s conventional monetary policy became weaker after the financial crisis. This finding is extremely interesting because one could presume either weaker or stronger effect based on economic theory. Additionally, the previous studies that have analysed the possible changes in the monetary policy effectiveness in the euro area have not found any changes (e.g. Bagzibagli in Empir Econ 47(3):781–823, 2014; Von Borstel et al. in Int J Money Finance 68:386–402, 2016).
Provision of Surgical Care for Children Across Somaliland: Challenges and Policy Guidance
Authors: Concepcion Tessa L. , Smith Emily R. , Mohamed Mubarak , Dahir Shugri , Ismail Edna Adan , Leather Andrew J. M. , Poenaru Dan , Rice Henry E. ,   the Global Initiative for Children's Surgery
Published: July 2019

Background

Existing data suggest a large burden of surgical conditions in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). However, surgical care for children in LMICs remains poorly understood. Our goal was to define the hospital infrastructure, workforce, and delivery of surgical care for children across Somaliland and provide policy guidance to improve care.

Methods

We used two established hospital assessment tools to assess infrastructure, workforce, and capacity at all hospitals providing surgical care for children across Somaliland. We collected data on all surgical procedures performed in children in Somaliland between August 2016 and July 2017 using operative logbooks.

Results

Data were collected from 15 hospitals, including eight government, five for‐profit, and two not‐for‐profit hospitals. Children represented 15.9% of all admitted patients, and pediatric surgical interventions comprised 8.8% of total operations. There were 0.6 surgical providers and 1.2 anesthesia providers per 100,000 population. A total of 1255 surgical procedures were performed in children in all hospitals in Somaliland over 1 year, at a rate of 62.4 surgical procedures annually per 100,000 children. Care was concentrated at private hospitals within urban areas, with a limited number of procedures for many high‐burden pediatric surgical conditions.

Conclusions

We found a profound lack of surgical capacity for children in Somaliland. Hospital‐level surgical infrastructure, workforce, and care delivery reflects a severely resource‐constrained health system. Targeted policy to improved essential surgical care at local, regional, and national levels is essential to improve the health of children in Somaliland.
Technology in children’s picture books as an agent for reinforcing or challenging traditional gender stereotypes
Authors: Axell Cecilia , Boström Johan
Published: July 2019

Technology is a field with strong connections to the female/male dichotomy. Children start to stereotype everyday life regarding this dichotomy as early as the age of two. The preschool, through its activities—among them reading aloud from picture books—is an arena where societal norms can be either preserved or challenged. Books about different artefacts, e.g. cars, airplanes and boats, often serve as an introduction for children about the human application of technology and may influence how they identify and categorise the technology they encounter in everyday life. The aim of this study was to investigate the technological content in a selection of picture books from a gender perspective. Since preschools in Sweden often use books from libraries in their daily activities, the empirical material was derived from the library sectionsFacts for youngstersandTechnology for youngsters, aimed at children aged 1–3 and 3–6. A thematic analysis was used to discover the dominant themes within the books. The results show that there is a focus on how separate artefacts function but no detailed explanation of how these artefacts are connected or what kind of implications they have in a societal context. There also seems to be an emphasis on traditionally masculine coded technology.
Forest succession in post-agricultural Larix olgensis plantations in northeast China
Authors: Ma Wei , Lei Shen , Sun Yujun , Grabosky Jason
Published: July 2019

In order to understand the management of regional vegetation, numerical classification and ordination are widely used to investigate community distribution and vegetation features. In particular, two-way indicator-species analysis programs (TWINSPAN) classifies plots and species into different groups. De-trended correspondence analysis (DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) reflects the relationship between community and site conditions. Afforestation withLarix olgensisHerry. Plantations is a suitable restoration strategy on post-agricultural fields in the Lesser Khingan Mountains. The results of this study show how these plantations develop over time to establish a reliable pathway model by measuring and clarifying the succession process. Twenty-eightL. olgensisplantations along a 48-year chronosequence of afforestation were investigated with a quadrat sampling method. Species composition, community structure attributes of diversity, and site conditions were analyzed. Communities were classified by TWINSPAN into five successional stages: immature, juvenile, mid-aged, near-mature and mature. Classifications were validated by DCA and CCA analysis. Site conditions such as soil and litter thickness, soil organic matter, soil density, and pH were measured. Successional stages varied in community composition and species population, accompanied by time from afforestation and a gradient of site conditions. This gradient showed changes in vegetation occurrence and diversity coinciding with changes in soil conditions. The study showed thatL. olgensisplantations had marked predominance in growth and were associated with improved soil fertility and the formation of a stable plant community.
Pediatric High Altitude Cerebral Edema in the Nepal Himalayas
Authors: Church Benjamin J. , Basnyat Buddha , Mattingly Ben , Zafren Ken
Published: July 2019

High altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a rare complication of ascent to altitudes of over 2500 m (8200 ft). We are not aware of a previously published case report of HACE in a patient under the age of 18 y. We report on 2 cases of suspected HACE in 2 patients, aged 12 and 16 y, who presented to the Manang Himalayan Rescue Association clinic at 3500 m. The 16-y-old patient presented with severe headache, vomiting, and ataxia after rapid ascent to 3800 m. The 12-y-old patient presented with severe headache, vomiting, visual disturbances, and ataxia at 4500 m, which began to resolve with descent to the clinic at 3500 m. Our cases suggest that HACE can occur in children and adolescents. Because there are no specific guidelines for treatment of acute mountain sickness or HACE in patients under the age of 18 y, we recommend treatment as for adults: oxygen, immediate descent, and dexamethasone. Simulated descent in a portable hyperbaric chamber can be used if oxygen is not available and if actual descent is not possible.
The Czar and the Slaves: Two Puzzles in the History of International Arbitration
Authors: Ostdiek Bennett , Witt John Fabian
Published: July 2019

In 1822, the Russian czar resolved a dispute over compensation for slaves fleeing to British lines during the War of 1812. American observers have long asserted that this canonical decision favored the United States. But new debate has recently arisen among historians. Uncovering evidence from diplomatic archives, this Article concludes that the czar did indeed side with the United States. Moreover, the case demonstrates how nineteenth-century American statesmen pressed international law into service in support of slavery.
Interpreting the Tests of Focal Cortical Dysplasia for Epilepsy Surgery Referral
Authors: Fallah Merrick S. , Neupane Binod , Al Nassar Mutaz , RamachandranNair Rajesh , Jones Kevin C.
Published: July 2019

Objective:Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a common cause of refractory, focal onset epilepsy in children. Interictal, scalp electroencephalograph (EEG) markers have been associated with these pathologies and epilepsy surgery may be an option for some patients. We aim to study how scalp EEG and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of FCD affect referral of these patients for surgical evaluation.Methods:A single-center, retrospective review of children with focal onset epilepsy. Patients were included if they were between 1 month and 18 years of age, had focal onset seizures, prolonged scalp EEG monitoring, and an MRI conducted after 2 years of age. Statistics were carried out using the chi-squared and student’st-test, as well as a logistic regression model.Results:Sixty-eight patients were included in the study. Thirty-seven of these patients were referred to a comprehensive pediatric epilepsy program (CPEP) for surgical evaluation, and of these 22% showed FCD EEG markers, 32% FCD MRI markers, and 10% had both. These markers were also present in patients not referred to a CPEP. The MRI markers were significantly associated with CPEP referral, whereas EEG markers were not. Neither marker type was associated with epilepsy surgery.Conclusion:This study found that children with focal onset epilepsy were more likely to be referred for surgical evaluation if they were medically refractory, or were diagnosed with FCD or tumor on MRI. Scalp EEG markers of FCD were not associated with CPEP referral. The online tool CASES may be a useful physician guide for identifying appropriate children for epilepsy surgery referral.
Opioid-Free Analgesia for Supratentorial Craniotomies: A Systematic Review
Authors: Darmawikarta Denise , Sourour Michel , Couban Rachel , Kamath Sriganesh , Reddy Kesava KV , Shanthanna Harsha
Published: July 2019

Background:Post-craniotomy pain can be severe and is often undermanaged. Opioids can interfere with neurological monitoring and are associated with adverse effects. This systematic review aimed to identify measures of opioid-free analgesia and compare their effectiveness with opioid analgesia for post-craniotomy pain in patients with supratentorial tumors.Methods:EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases were searched from their inception to February 14, 2017, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating opioid versus non-opioid analgesia post-supratentorial craniotomy. Two reviewers independently carried out study selection and data extraction. Risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. Outcomes were pain control (changes to pain scores or use of rescue analgesia) and adverse effects. Considering the number of studies and heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was done without pooling and results were summarized using tables. Non-opioids were assessed for the potential to be equivalent to opioid-based analgesics for pain relief and adverse effects.Results:Of 467 RCTs, 4 met our inclusion criteria (n= 186 patients). Patients with scalp blocks (2 RCTs) had less post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV), but scalp block was not superior to morphine for analgesia. Acetaminophen (1 RCT) was less likely to induce PONV but provided inadequate pain relief compared to morphine and sufentanil. Dexmedetomidine (1 RCT) was not superior to remifentanil for analgesia although it delayed time to rescue analgesia.Conclusions:Limited evidence suggests that scalp blocks and dexmedetomidine have the potential to eliminate the need for opioid analgesia. Multimodal analgesia should be considered as significant opioid-sparing effects have been shown.
Incidence, Awareness, and Reporting of Sport-Related Concussions in Manitoba High Schools
Authors: Bergeron Glen L.
Published: July 2019

Background and Objectives: Federal and provincial governments in Canada are promoting provincial legislation to prevent and manage sport-related concussions (SRCs). The objective of this research was to determine the incidence of concussions in high school sport, the knowledge of the signs, symptoms, and consequences of SRC, and how likely student athletes are to report a concussion. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of athletes (N = 225) from multiple sports in five high schools in one Manitoba school division was conducted. Results: Participants in this study were well aware of the signs, symptoms, and consequences of SRC. Cognitive and emotional symptoms were the least recognized consequences. SRC is prevalent in high schools in both males and females across all sports. Of the 225 respondents, 35.3% reported having sustained an SRC. Less than half (45.5%) reported their concussion. Athletes purposely chose not to report a concussion in games (38.4%) and practices (33.8%). Two major barriers to reporting were feeling embarrassed (3.4/7) and finding it difficult (3.5/7) to report. There was, however, strong agreement (Mean 5.91/7, SD 0.09) when asked if they intend to report a concussion should they experience one in the future. Conclusions: The results suggest that high school athletes would benefit from more SRC education. Coaches and team medical staff must be trained to be vigilant for the mechanism, signs, and symptoms of injury in both game and practice situations. This study will also inform the implementation of pending legislation in Manitoba and perhaps other provinces in Canada.
Generic point equivalence and Pisot numbers
Authors: AKIYAMA SHIGEKI , KANEKO HAJIME , KIM DONG HAN
Published: July 2019

Let$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}>1$be an integer or, generally, a Pisot number. Put$T(x)=\{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}x\}$on$[0,1]$and let$S:[0,1]\rightarrow [0,1]$be a piecewise linear transformation whose slopes have the form$\pm \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}^{m}$with positive integers$m$. We give a sufficient condition for$T$and$S$to have the same generic points. We also give an uncountable family of maps which share the same set of generic points.
Coupled fluid and energy flow in fabrication of microstructured optical fibres
Authors: Stokes Yvonne M. , Wylie Jonathan J. , Chen M. J.
Published: July 2019

We consider the role of heating and cooling in the steady drawing of a long and thin viscous thread with an arbitrary number of internal holes of arbitrary shape. The internal holes and the external boundary evolve as a result of the axial drawing and surface-tension effects. The heating and cooling affects the evolution of the thread because both the viscosity and surface tension of the thread are assumed to be functions of the temperature. We use asymptotic techniques to show that, under a suitable transformation, this complicated three-dimensional free boundary problem can be formulated in such a way that the transverse aspect of the flow can be reduced to the solution of a standard Stokes flow problem in the absence of axial stretching. The solution of this standard problem can then be substituted into a system of three ordinary differential equations that completely determine the flow. We use this approach to develop a very simple numerical method that can determine the way that thermal effects impact on the drawing of threads by devices that either specify the fibre tension or the draw ratio. We also develop a numerical method to solve the inverse problem of determining the initial cross-sectional geometry, draw tension and, importantly, heater temperature to obtain a desired cross-sectional shape and change in cross-sectional area at the device exit. This precisely allows one to determine the pattern of air holes in the preform that will achieve the desired hole pattern in the stretched fibre.
Systematic review of genetic variants associated with cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: D’Souza Tyrra , Rajkumar Anto P.
Published: July 2019

Objective:

Cognitive impairment and depression are among the most prevalent and most disabling non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The genetic factors that are associated with these symptoms remain uncertain. This systematic review aims to summarise the prevailing evidence from all genetic association studies investigating the genetic variants associated with cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms in people with PD.

Method:

A systematic review using five online databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE and OpenGrey (PROSPERO protocol: CRD42017067431). We completed the quality assessment using the Q-Genie tool.

Results:

2353 articles were screened, and 43 articles were found to be eligible to be included. A meta-analysis of studies investigatingLRRK2rs34637584 confirmed that the minor allele carriers had significantly less cognitive impairment (p= 0.015). Further meta-analyses showed thatGBAvariants rs76763715 (p< 0.001) and rs421016 (p= 0.001) were significantly associated with more cognitive impairment in people with PD. Minor alleles ofGBAvariants rs76763715, rs421016, rs387906315 and rs80356773 were associated with more depressive symptoms in PD. Moreover,APOEε4 allele has been associated with more cognitive impairment in PD.BDNF(rs6265) andCRY1(rs2287161) variants have been associated with more depressive symptoms in people with PD.

Conclusions:

PD carriers ofGBAvariants are at high risk for cognitive decline and depression. Screening for these variants may facilitate early identification and effective management of these non-motor symptoms. The molecular mechanisms underlying favourable cognitive functioning inLRRK2rs34637584 variant carriers warrant further investigation.
BIFURCATION PROPERTIES FOR A CLASS OF CHOQUARD EQUATION IN WHOLE ℝ3
Authors: ALVES CLAUDIANOR O. , DE LIMA ROMILDO N. , NÓBREGA ALÂNNIO B.
Published: July 2019

This paper concerns the study of some bifurcation properties for the following class of Choquard-type equations:(P)$$\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{l}} { - \Delta u = \lambda f(x)\left[ {u + \left( {{I_\alpha }*f( \cdot )H(u)} \right)h(u)} \right],{\rm{ in }} \ {{\mathbb{R}}^3},}\\ {{{\lim }_{|x| \to \infty }}u(x) = 0,\quad u(x) > 0,\quad x \in {{\mathbb{R}}^3},\quad u \in {D^{1,2}}({{\mathbb{R}}^3}),} \end{array}} \right.$$where${I_\alpha }(x) = 1/|x{|^\alpha },\,\alpha \in (0,3),\,\lambda > 0,\,f:{{\mathbb{R}}^3} \to {\mathbb{R}}$is a positive continuous function andh:${\mathbb{R}} \to {\mathbb{R}}$is a bounded Hölder continuous function. The main tools used are Leray–Schauder degree theory and a global bifurcation result due to Rabinowitz.
THE LEGAL CHARACTER OF ARTICLE 18 OF THE VIENNA CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF TREATIES
Authors: Gragl Paul , Fitzmaurice Malgosia
Published: July 2019

The main reason for Article 18 being one of the most opaque provisions of the Vienna Convention is that it establishes a relatively vague ‘interim obligation’ for States to refrain from acts which would defeat the object and purpose of a treaty between its signature and ratification. Although the existence of such an interim obligation has been recognized by States and in various international legal regimes, it remains problematic since Article 18 neither defines nor determines its own contours and when and under which conditions it is being breached. It goes without saying that the legal consequences of a possible breach of this provision are left equally unclear. It remains uncertain how the interim obligation of Article 18 fits into the general international law of treaties; what its legal nature and temporal scope is; which role the principle of good faith plays as a possibly underlying principle of this provision; and how we should understand the object and purpose of a treaty and how it can be defeated. Furthermore, its apparent focus seems to be on bilateral rather than multilateral treaties, but this exclusive application of this interim obligation to bilateral treaties would contravene both the expressed and implied intent of the drafters. Therefore, this article also discusses how Article 18 fits within the normative system of international law and law-making treaties, such as human rights treaties.
STATE RESPONSIBILITY FOR MODERN SLAVERY: UNCOVERING AND BRIDGING THE GAP
Authors: Webb Philippa , Garciandia Rosana
Published: July 2019

International law prohibits slavery and slavery-like practices under treaties that have been in force for more than a century. Yet, contemporary forms of slavery are one of the prevailing challenges for the international community, with 40.3 million people in modern slavery on any given day in 2016. The State has been largely overlooked as a perpetrator or accomplice in the global movement to eradicate modern slavery. The hand of the State can however be found in contemporary cases of modern slavery. This article identifies five scenarios of State involvement in modern slavery and aims to uncover and bridge the responsibility gap.
Sensor-based Navigation of Omnidirectional Wheeled Robots Dealing with both Collisions and Occlusions
Authors: Khelloufi Abdellah , Achour Nouara , Passama Robin , Cherubini Andrea
Published: July 2019

Navigation tasks are often subject to several constraints that can be related to the sensors (visibility) or come from the environment (obstacles). In this paper, we propose a framework for autonomous omnidirectional wheeled robots that takes into account both collision and occlusion risk, during sensor-based navigation. The task consists in driving the robot towards a visual target in the presence of static and moving obstacles. The target is acquired by fixed – limited field of view – on-board cameras, while the surrounding obstacles are detected by lidar scanners. To perform the task, the robot has not only to keep the target in view while avoiding the obstacles, but also to predict its location in the case of occlusion. The effectiveness of our approach is validated through several experiments.
Effects of habitat, leaf damage and leaf rolling on the predation risk of caterpillars in the tropical rain forest of Borneo
Authors: Witwicka Alicja , Frydryszak Danuta , Antoł Andrzej , Czarnoleski Marcin
Published: July 2019

Addressing what affects predation among caterpillars, we conducted an experiment in a Bornean rain forest on 212 clay models of Tortricidae caterpillars (the herbivore) and 53 trees of Kopsia pauciflora (the host), located either in the open or under closed canopies. We predicted that the frequency of predatory attacks towards caterpillars increases (1) in canopy gaps and (2) on leaves damaged by herbivory, but (3) decreases among caterpillars that wrap their body in leaves. Each plant with caterpillar models was consecutively allocated to one of four treatments: caterpillars artificially rolled in leaves vs caterpillars on unrolled leaves, and caterpillars on artificially damaged vs undamaged leaves. Each time, caterpillar models were placed on the plants for 48 h, and then replaced with new models that were subjected to a new treatment. On average, our caterpillar models had a 21% chance of being attacked per 24 h. More attacks were performed by insects (81.6%) than birds. The attack frequency did not depend on the canopy cover or on leaf damage, but decreased among models rolled in leaves. This pattern was mainly attributable to insect attacks, which were also more frequent than bird attacks. Overall, the Tortricidae caterpillars seem to suffer comparable predation rates in the open and under closed canopies irrespective of the herbivory damage of leaves, but their leaf-rolling behaviour might reduce predation.
ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIORS FOR CORRELATED BERNOULLI MODEL
Authors: Miao Yu , Ma Huanhuan , Yang Qinglong
Published: July 2019

We consider a class of correlated Bernoulli variables, which have the following form: for some 0 < p < 1,
$$\begin{align}{P(X_{j+1}=1 \vert {\cal F}_{j})= (1-\theta_j)p+\theta_jS_j/j,}\end{align}$$where 0 ≤ θj ≤ 1, $S_n=\sum _{j=1}^nX_j$ and ${\cal F}_n=\sigma \{X_1,\ldots , X_n\}$. The aim of this paper is to establish the strong law of large numbers which extend some known results, and prove the moderate deviation principle for the correlated Bernoulli model.
Who Wants to Make America Great Again? Understanding Evangelical Support for Donald Trump
Authors: Margolis Michele F.
Published: July 2019

White evangelicals overwhelmingly supported Donald Trump in the 2016 election, producing extensive debate as to who evangelicals are, what it means to be an evangelical in the United States today, and whether the electoral results are surprising or not. This paper offers empirical clarity to this protracted discussion by asking and answering a series of questions related to Trump's victory in general and his support from white evangelicals in particular. In doing so, the analyses show that the term “evangelical” has not become a synonym for conservative politics and that white evangelical support for Trump would behigherif public opinion scholars used a belief-centered definition of evangelicalism rather than relying on the more common classification strategies based on self-identification or religious denomination. These findings go against claims thatnominalevangelicals, those who call themselves evangelicals but are not religious, make up the core of Trump's support base. Moreover, strong electoral support among devout evangelicals is not unique to the 2016 election but rather is part of a broader trend of evangelical electoral behavior, even when faced with non-traditional Republican candidates. Finally, the paper explores why white evangelicals might support a candidate like Trump. The paper presents evidence that negative partisanship helps explain why devout evangelicals—despite Trump's background and behaviors being cause for concern—coalesced around his presidential bid. Together, the findings from this paper help make sense of both the 2016 presidential election and evangelical public opinion, both separately and together.
Scouringrush (Equisetum spp.) control in dryland winter wheat
Authors: Kerbs Blake D. , Hulting Andrew G. , Lyon Drew J.
Published: July 2019

The adoption of chemical fallow rotations in Pacific Northwest dryland winter wheat production has caused a weed species composition shift in which scouringrush has established in production fields. Thus, there has been interest in identifying herbicides that effectively control scouringrush in winter wheat–chemical fallow cropping systems. Field experiments were established in growers’ fields near Reardan, WA, in 2014, and The Dalles, OR, in 2015. Ten herbicide treatments were applied to mowed and nonmowed plots during chemical fallow rotations. Scouringrush stem densities were quantified the following spring and after wheat harvest at both locations. Chlorsulfuron plus MCPA-ester resulted in nearly 100% control of scouringrush through wheat harvest. Before herbicide application, mowing had no effect on herbicide efficacy. We conclude chlorsulfuron plus MCPA-ester is a commercially acceptable treatment for smooth and intermediate scouringrush control in winter wheat–chemical fallow cropping systems; however, the lack of a positive yield response when scouringrushes were controlled should factor into management decisions.
New Proof That Accretion Disks Align with Their Black Holes
Authors: Crowell Rachel
Published: July 2019

In the most detailed and highest-resolution black hole simulation to date, an international team of researchers showed the Bardeen-Petterson effect for the first time.
Humidity Effects on Effective Elastic Properties of Rock: An Integrated Experimental and Numerical Study
Authors: Hossain M. Manzur , Arns Ji‐Youn , Liang Zhirong , Chen Zhixi , Arns Christoph H.
Published: July 2019

The surface energy of minerals increases due to a loss of humidity. In rocks this leads to strains without applying external stress (stress‐free strain) and affects the rocks' elastic response. We utilize finite element calculations on X‐ray micro‐CT images to analyze the extreme cases of surface energy contributions and no surface energy contributions for the small strain case. Including surface energy utilizing published surface energies of quartz significantly increases the simulated bulk modulus. Grain contacts are considered perfectly cemented and therefore do not contribute to this difference. Confining pressure is not applied in the experiment to estimate the impact of surface energy to avoid the effect of grain contact slippage due to different stress paths. In addition, we compare simulated moduli with experimentally determined parameters. In this case, we incorporate confining pressure in the experiment since grain contacts are not considered in the simulation. The main reason to use confining pressure in the experiment here is to close the grain contacts with a view that the resulting porosity reduction is negligible.
Measurements of Ice Nucleating Particles in Beijing, China
Authors: Bi K. , McMeeking G. R. , Ding D. P. , Levin E. J. T. , DeMott P. J. , Zhao D. L. , Wang F. , Liu Q. , Tian P. , Ma X. C. , Chen Y. B. , Huang M. Y. , Zhang H. L. , Gordon T. D. , Chen P.
Published: July 2019

Heterogeneous ice nucleating particle (INP) concentrations are reported for a site on the eastern margin of Beijing, China, during the period 4 May to 4 June 2018. INP concentrations were measured continuously at −20, −25, and −30 °C in a repeating cycle by a newly developed, automated continuous flow diffusion chamber, and reached concentrations as high as 2800 sL−1 during dust‐impacted periods. Study average concentrations were 70 ± 70, 230 ± 290, and 430 ± 500 sL−1 at −20, −25, and −30 °C. There was no clear relationship between pollution periods, identified based on fine‐mode particle concentration increases, and INP concentrations or characteristics. Other anthropogenic emissions, such as non‐combustion industrial or agricultural activities play an unresolved role.
Candidate chemosensory genes identified from the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, through a transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Zhao Hong-Xia , Xiao Wan-Yu , Ji Cong-Hui , Ren Qin , Xia Xiao-Shan , Zhang Xue-Feng , Huang Wen-Zhong
Published: July 2019

The greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Galleriinae), is a ubiquitous pest of the honeybee, and poses a serious threat to the global honeybee industry. G. mellonella pheromone system is unusual compared to other lepidopterans and provides a unique olfactory model for pheromone perception. To better understand the olfactory mechanisms in G. mellonella, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis on the antennae of both male and female adults of G. mellonella using high-throughput sequencing and annotated gene families potentially involved in chemoreception. We annotated 46 unigenes coding for odorant receptors, 25 for ionotropic receptors, two for sensory neuron membrane proteins, 22 for odorant binding proteins and 20 for chemosensory proteins. Expressed primarily in antennae were all the 46 odorant receptor unigenes, nine of the 14 ionotropic receptor unigenes, and two of the 22 unigenes coding for odorant binding proteins, suggesting their putative roles in olfaction. The expression of some of the identified unigenes were sex-specific, suggesting that they may have important functions in the reproductive behavior of the insect. Identification of the candidate unigenes and initial analyses on their expression profiles should facilitate functional studies in the future on chemoreception mechanisms in this species and related lepidopteran moths.
Synthesis and Characterization of Leucite Using a Diatomite Precursor
Authors: Novembre Daniela , Gimeno Domingo , Poe Brent
Published: July 2019

Leucite is nowadays an important component in ceramic restoration systems with particular suitability to dental porcelains. The leucite synthesis from a hydrothermally-derived precursor is here presented. A silicate solution was prepared by mixing a naturally derived amorphous silica (diatomitic rock from Crotone, southern Italy) with potassium hydroxide and an aluminate solution was obtained by mixing aluminium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. Three mixtures of varying ratios of aluminate and silicate solutions were prepared and submitted to hydrothermal treatment at 150 °C for one hour. Subsequently these hydrothermal precursors were subjected to calcination at the temperature of 1000 °C for variable time intervals, thus resulting in 3 series of syntheses. The synthesis run 3 turned out to be the best from the point of view of temporal yield showing the crystallization of the leucite after only 15 hours of heat treatment. The products of synthesis run 3 were fully characterised by Powder X-Ray Diffraction, Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry, Infrared Spectroscopy and Thermal Analysis. The amorphous phase in the synthesis powders was estimated by quantitative phase analysis using the combined Rietveld and reference intensity ratio methods. Density of leucite was also achieved by He-pycnometry. The use of a cost effective starting material such as a diatomite in the experimental route makes the process highly attractive for expansion to an industrial scale especially considering that both the chemical and physical characterizations of our leucite product are highly satisfactory. Last but not least we explain some inferences that can be obtained from this process of synthesis in order to a better understanding of some natural occurrences of leucite in geologic systems related to basaltic magmas.
Atom Probe Tomographic Imaging of PbS Quantum Dot Formation on Neodymium Clusters in Silicate Glasses
Authors: Park Won Ji , Kim Ju Eun , Lee Ho Jeong , Park Chan Gyung , Heo Jong
Published: July 2019

The first 3-D direct observation of clusters of Nd oxide inside silicate glasses was achieved using atom probe tomography. Three-dimensional elemental maps of major chemical elements in glasses such as Si, Al, Zn and O showed no evidence of regions that had concentrations higher than the average values, whereas the Nd aggregated into regions of high concentration. Elemental maps of Nd and Pb recorded from the glasses containing PbS QDs showed highly-concentrated areas of both elements at the same locations; this result indicates that PbS QDs formation started in association with the Nd clusters.
Topoisomerase Inhibitors as Antibody–Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads
Authors: Govindan Serengulam V. , Cardillo Thomas M. , Goldenberg David M.
Published: July 2019

Topoisomerase inhibitors represent a novel class of compounds that have been used as stand-alone anticancer agents, and their incorporation into antibody conjugates adds a targeting element to the development of more selective chemotherapy. Topoisomerases are nuclear enzymes involved in relaxing DNA strands for replication and transcription, and inhibitors of these enzymes act by stabilizing DNA–topoisomerase complexes, leading to double-strand breaks. SN-38, the active drug form of the cancer drug irinotecan is a topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitor that has been employed in various formulations to improve bioavailability. However, antibody conjugates of SN-38 represent a new approach for improving cancer chemotherapy. This review focuses on the design of antibody–SN-38 conjugates and on the current clinical results obtained for a number of cancers. A more potent form of a TOP1-inhibiting camptothecin derivative, exatecan mesylate, is currently being examined clinically in the antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) format, and DS-8201a, an ADC targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) cancers, has shown promising Phase I clinical results in breast and gastric cancers. These ADCs also lend themselves to combination therapy with poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors for potentially improving clinical outcomes.