bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Discretization-Independent Distributed Well Model
Authors: Jayasinghe Savithru , Darmofal David L. , Dow Eric , Galbraith Marshall C. , Allmaras Steven R.
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we present a new well model for reservoir simulation. The proposed well model relates the volumetric flow rate and the bottomhole pressure (BHP) of the well to the reservoir pressure through a spatially distributed source term that is independent of the numerical method and the discrete mesh used to solve the flow problem. This is in contrast to the widely used Peaceman–type well models, which are inherently tied to a particular numerical discretization by the definition of an equivalent well radius.

The proposed distributed well model does not require the calculation of an equivalent well radius. Hence, it can be readily applied to finite–difference, finite–volume (FV), or finite–element discretizations on arbitrarily unstructured meshes, which also makes it an attractive option for mesh–adaptation schemes. The new well model is demonstrated on a steady-state single-phase flow problem and an unsteady two-phase flow problem, using a conventional FV method and a high–order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method. The distributed well model produces error–convergence behaviors that are very similar to the Peaceman well model on uniform structured meshes, but its applicability to high–order discretizations and mesh–adaptation schemes allows for higher convergence rates and more cost-efficient solutions, especially on adapted unstructured meshes.
Low risk patients with acute atrial fibrillation and elevated high-sensitivity troponin do not have increased incidence of pathological stress test: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Thelin Johan , Gerward Sofia , Melander Olle
Published: October 2019

Background
Many patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter (AFL) and rapid ventricular response (RVR) have elevated high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) values. Elevated hsTnT is an independent risk marker for cardiovascular events and mortality. The aim was to examine if AF/AFL patients with RVR and elevated hsTnT have an increased incidence of pathological cardiac stress tests, indicating need of further evaluation for coronary artery disease (CAD).
Methods
We prospectively included 90 AF/AFL patients without known heart failure and CAD presenting with AF/AFL and RVR. Half of the patients had elevated hsTnT (cases) and half had levels below the 99th percentile (controls). All patients were discharged in sinus rhythm. After approximately one week in sinus rhythm a new hsTnT was analysed and the patients performed a bicycle exercise stress test within the 30 day follow-up. The primary endpoint was a pathological stress test confirmed by a pathological SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging or a coronary angiography.
Results
None of the controls reached the primary endpoint. Two patients (4%) out of the 45 cases reached the primary endpoint (p= 0.49 vs controls), but only one was found to have significant CAD at subsequent coronary angiography.
Conclusions
Patients with paroxysmal AF/AFL, without history of CAD and heart failure, who present with a RVR and minor hsTnT elevations do not have an increased incidence of pathological stress test compared to patients with hsTnT values below the 99th percentile.
Pathogenic fungi-induced susceptibility is mitigated by mutual Lactobacillus plantarum in the Drosophila melanogaster model
Authors: Su Wanzhen , Liu Jialin , Bai Peng , Ma Baocang , Liu Wei
Published: October 2019

Background
Since animals frequently encounter a variety of harmful fungi in nature, their ability to develop sophisticated anti-fungal strategies allows them to flourish across the globe. Extensive studies have highlighted the significant involvement of indigenous microbial communities in human health. However, the daunting diversity of mammalian microbiota and host genetic complexity are major obstacles to our understanding of these intricate links between microbiota components, host immune genotype, and disease phenotype. In this study, we sought to develop a bacterium-fungus-Drosophila model to systematically evaluate the anti-fungal effects of commensal bacteria.
Results
We isolated the pathogenic fungal strain, Diaporthe FY, which was detrimental to the survival and development of Drosophila upon infection. Using Drosophila as a model system, Drosophila-associated Lactobacillus plantarum functioned as a probiotic, and protected the flies from mortality induced by Diaporthe FY. Our results show that L. plantarum hindered the growth of Diaporthe FY in vitro, and decreased the mortality rate of Diaporthe FY-infected flies in vivo, consequently mitigating the toxicity of Diaporthe FY to the hosts. Additionally, the presence of L. plantarum overrode the avoidance of oviposition on Diaporthe FY-associated substrates.
Conclusions
Diaporthe FY was identified as a potential Drosophila pathogen. Commensal L. plantarum mitigated the susceptibility of Drosophila to pathogenic fungi, providing insight into the natural interplay between commensal and pathogenic microbial communities that contribute to animal health and pathogenesis.
A multicentre study on admission hypothermia in very low-birth weight preterm infants in China: distribution, causes and risk factors
Authors: Yu Yong-hui , Wang Li , Dong Xiao-yu , Li Wen , Huang Lei , Wang Li-ling , Fan Xiu-fang , Wu Yan-qiu , Zhang Chun-lei , Sun Xue-mei , Li Min , Zhang Yong-feng , Yao Guo , Li Cong , Zhao Guo-ying , Zhao Xin-feng , Yang Zhen-ying , Chen Tong , Ren Xue-yun , Li Jing , Qiu Bing-ping , Niu Shi-ping , Zhu Ren-xia , Chen Yao , Gao Yan-ling , Zhao Ri-ming , Deng Li-ping , Peng Fu-dong , Bi Mei-rong
Published: October 2019

Background Neonatal hypothermia, defined as a temperature < 36.5°C, is a major contributor to neonatal mortality and morbidity. Hypothermia in preterm infants remains a challenge in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for many reasons.Objective To investigate the incidence of admission hypothermia (AH) in very low-birth weight (VLBW) infants in multiple NICUs in Shandong Province, China, and to provide clinical evidence for the implementation of quality improvement practices to reduce the incidence of AH in NICU.Methods This retrospective, observational study was carried out over a period of 12 months, from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. The correlations between hypothermia preventive measures and the incidence of AH were analysed by descriptive statistical methods and a Spearman analysis. The associations between AH and maternal and neonatal variables were tested with bivariate analyses, followed by stepwise logistic regression. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results A total of 1639 in-born infants who were born at a weight less than 1500 g were enrolled in the study on their day of birth. Among them, 1295 VLBW infants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The incidence of AH was 87.9% in VLBW infants among the 28 NICUs. We investigated whether team training and education, such as monthly chart reporting on hypothermia in preterm infants on admission to the NICU, which was associated with 10.7% of all the cases, could decrease the rate of AH. Indeed, transport with a heated transport incubator was associated with 9.3% of the cases. here was a negative correlation between the incidence of AH and the number of quality improvement measures implemented to prevent hypothermia (r= -0.242, p <0.05). A low birth weight, intubation in the delivery room , and a low 5-min Apgar score were significantly associated with AH. Conclusion: The incidence of AH was high. There was a negative correlation between the incidence of AH and the number of quality improvement measures implemented to prevent hypothermia. It is important to monitor for AH in newborns who have a low birth weight, who have a low Apgar score at 5 min and who require intubation in the delivery room.
‘Poverty flames burns’: deficiencies of burn care financing in Iran’s healthcare system
Authors: Amini-Rarani Mostafa , Mohammadi Farzaneh , Zadeh Nasrin Shaarbafchi , Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid
Published: October 2019

Background: Due special characteristics of burn patients, such as vulnerability, high treatment costs, and expensiveness of burn services, financing of burn services has a crucial importance. The current study aims to identify challenges of financing of burn services in Iranian healthcare system. Methods: The current qualitative study employed purposeful sampling with maximum variation. In total, 21 interviews were carried out to the saturated point, with interviewees from national, provincial, and local (hospital) levels. Kutzin’s descriptive framework on analyze of financing programs for healthcare services at national level was used to develop interview guide. A thematic analysis with hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development was employed to analyze the transcribed documents by using MAXQDA Version 12.0 (VERBI GmbH Berlin) Release 12.3.0. Results: Three themes and nine (sub-themes) were identified, as follow: collection of funds (revenue generation), pooling of funds (cost-sharing and fees, and uninsured people) and purchasing of services (inappropriate payment mechanism, incomplete content of service benefit package, inappropriate financial resource allocation, ineffective medical tariffs, top-down budgeting approach and lobbying in resource allocation). Conclusions: According to the results of the current study financing burn services can be improved through reviewing and reforming burn financing policies (with ultimate goal of universal health coverage), increasing affordability of burn services, allocating sufficient budgets and using evidence-based purchasing that is based on objective indicators of demand and supply, and also creating new financial resources (through advocacy from related stakeholders and imposing sin taxes), so that other institutions such as Ministry of Oil, Ministry of Energy and municipalities be engaged in financing burn services to address financial deficiencies.
Association between Stroke and Cognitive Decline in Community Dwelling Older and Oldest People: The SONIC Study
Authors: Srithum Werayuth , Kabayama Mai , Gondo Yasuyuki , Masui Yukie , Akagi Yuya , Klinpudtan Nonglak , Kiyoshige Eri , Godai Kayo , Sugimoto Ken , Akasaka Hiroshi , Takami Yoichi , Takeya Yasushi , Yamamoto Koichi , Ikebe Kazunori , Ogawa Madoka , Inagaki Hiroki , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Arai Yasumichi , Rakugi Hiromi , Kamide Kei
Published: October 2019

Background Increasing in the older people and a decline in mortality after stroke, the rate of post-stroke cognitive decline has increased. The relationship between risk factors and post-stroke cognitive decline in dwelling old and oldest people who living in the community especially with asymptomatic stroke have to be elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the association between stroke and cognitive decline during three years in community dwelling older and oldest people.Methods This study was longitudinal study with a 3-year follow-up in urban and rural areas of Japan. The participants were 1,333 community dwelling older and oldest people (70 years old = 675, 80 years old = 589, and 90 years old = 69). Data collected included basic data (age, sex, and history of stroke), vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and current smoking), and social factors (educational level, frequency of going outdoors, and long-term care (LTC) service used). The Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) was used for cognitive assessment, and a decline of ≥ 2 points was defined as cognitive decline. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between stroke and other risk factors with cognitive decline during a 3-year follow-up.Results Rates of cognitive decline increased in advanced ages, equaling 33.3, 39.4, and 66.7% in those aged 70, 80, and 90 years old, respectively. The fit of the hypothesized model by multiple logistic regression showed that a history of stroke, advanced age, and greater MoCA-J score at the baseline were important risk factors, while the presence of dyslipidemia and a higher educational level were protective factors that were significantly correlated with cognitive decline during the 3-year follow-up.Conclusions The cognitive decline after the 3-year follow-up was influenced by the history of stroke, advanced age, and greater MoCA-J score at the baseline, but protective factors were the presence of dyslipidemia and a higher educational level. Therefore, these factors are considered important and should be taken into consideration when searching for creative solutions to prevent cognitive decline after stroke in community dwelling older and oldest people.
Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and risk of frailty among Chinese community-based oldest-old: evidence from CLHLS study
Authors: Xiao Qi , Wu Meiliyang , Cui Jinrui , Yuan Mengmei , Chen Ye , Zeng Tieying
Published: October 2019

Background: Whether vitamin D deficiency may contribute to frailty remains inconclusive in Chinese older adults. The aim of this study was to examine the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level and risk of frailty among Chinese oldest-old in the communities. Methods: Secondary analysis of data compiled by the 2011 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (n=1324) was extracted. Frailty was assessed by the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) index. Multivariate logistic regression with spine smoothing was performed to investigate the association between 25(OH)D level and risk of frailty after adjusting for socio - demographic variables, health characteristics and confounding biomarkers. Results: The mean age was 92.89 ± 7.92 years, and 844(63.7%) of participants were women. In all, 426 (33.2% , 95% confidence interval, CI: 29.66-34.69) frail participants were recorded. After adjustment for confounding covariates, the level of 25(OH)D is significantly related to frailty. By the spline smoothing and threshold effect analysis , a monotonically negative association between 25(OH)D and frailty was identified. Subgroup analyses revealed that the association did not differ by gender and age . Conclusions: Plasma 25(OH)D was inversely associated with the risk of frailty among Chinese oldest-old. The findings indicate the practical significance of monitoring and managing plasma 25(OH)D level in the elders.
Risk of Death Scale: A Death Prediction Model Based on US Nursing Home Admissions in 2011 and 2012
Authors: Morris John N , Howard Elizabeth , Egge Sabrina , Schachter Erez , Sjostrand Fredrik
Published: October 2019

Background : Care planning has become more complex as nursing homes now are serving an ever more complex patient population. The primary purpose of this project is to identify, among persons admitted to and remaining up to 12 months, in a long-term care setting, those at more imminent risk of death, revealing the relevant risk factors and summarizing these factors within a Risk of Death Scale. Design : Longitudinal analysis of a national cohort of nursing home admissions from all United States facilities during years 2011 and 2012. Setting and Participants : Cohort included 1,536,842 admissions (764,002 for 2011, 772,840 for 2012). Repeated assessments are required every 90 days, with an additional assessment at discharge. Follow-up data over three years were examined. Methods : The Risk of Death Scale is based on two sub-scales. One included five very high risk of death measures. The second was composed of an additional eighteen risk factors. The dependent variable against which these models were developed was death by 365 days. Death rates are described from one-month post-admission to three years post-admission. Results : The Risk of Death Scale has twelve graded levels. The lowest four categories of the scale (0-3) represent approximately half the cohort and have one-year death rates that range from 3% to 15.5%, whereas the mean of the whole cohort is 24.2% at one year. The top four categories represent about 7% of the cohort and have one-year death rates ranging from 55.8% to 90.5%. The death rates increased steadily across the scale scores, a pattern that held through the three-year post admission period. Conclusions/Implications : The Risk of Death Scale for new admissions to nursing homes rests on a broad spectrum of 23 independent variables – including measures of prognosis, treatments, diagnoses, clinical status, function, cognitive status, and age. Almost 10% of the sample (n=149,073) had a risk score of 7 or greater and the average one-year mortality for this group was 68.6% (range of 47.5-90.5%).
The development of multidimensional screening model of geriatric syndrome for community-dwelling older adults: results of the Taiwan Integration Health and Welfare (TIHW) Study
Authors: Tai Chi-Jung , Tseng Tzyy-Guey , Huang Ching-Ya , Pan Shu-Chuan , Hsiao Yu-Han , Yang Yi-Hsin , Lee Meng-Chih
Published: October 2019

Background: Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a multidimensional and multidisciplinary diagnostic and treatment process that identifies geriatric syndrome in older adults. However, CGA program is not appropriate in community screening. To the best of our knowledge, there is no applicable multidimensional screening model to evaluate geriatric syndrome in community-dwelling older adults. This study aimed to identify the risk factors of geriatric syndrome among physical function tests, socioeconomic status, medical history, and healthy behaviours in community-dwelling older adults and develop a multidimensional prediction model for community screening. Methods: A total of 1313 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years or above were recruited from 58 communities in four aging cities in Taiwan. Geriatric syndrome was defined by disability using Instrumental Activities of Daily Livings, cognitive impairment using Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire, depression using Geriatric Depression Scale, or by receiving mild disability card. The cutoff values of the physical function tests were calculated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk factors of geriatric syndrome, and the risk model was developed using stepwise logistic regression. Results: We developed the new cutoff values in predicting geriatric syndrome for dominant handgrip strength test, 6-meter walk, and timed up-and-go tests, which were significantly associated with geriatric syndrome. Moreover, male sex, obesity, absence of labour activities, and participants who cannot report personal information, had depressive mood for the past 2 weeks, and a history of heart disease were associated with geriatric syndrome. Finally, we developed Taiwan Risk Scores for Geriatric Syndrome (TRSGS) with the cutoff value of 6 (sensitivity, 77.2%; specificity, 75.5%). Conclusions: Most of the screening tools focus on specific problems such as sarcopenia, dementia, or frailty. The TRSGS model demonstrated a multidimensional prediction model, which could be applied in community screening for geriatric syndrome. Management of risk factors to prevent geriatric syndrome in the community is important.
Effects of shade stress on morphophysiology and rhizosphere soil bacterial communities of two contrasting shade-tolerant turfgrasses
Authors: Fu Juanjuan , Luo Yilan , Sun Pengyue , Gao Jinzhu , Zhao Donghao , Yang Peizhi , Hu Tianming
Published: October 2019

Background: Shade presents one of the major abiotic limitations for turfgrass growth. Shade influences plant growth and alters plant metabolism, yet little is known about how shade affects the structure of rhizosphere soil microbial communities and the role of soil microorganisms in plant shade responses. In this study, a glasshouse experiment was conducted to examine the impact of shade stress on the growth and photosynthetic capacity of two contrasting shade-tolerant turfgrasses, shade-tolerant dwarf lilyturf (Ophiopogon japonicus, OJ) and shade-intolerant perennial turf-type ryegrass (Lolium perenne, LP). We also examined soil-plant feedback effects on shade tolerance in the two turfgrass genotypes. Bacterial community composition was assayed using high-throughput sequencing. Results: Our physiochemical data showed that under shade stress, OJ maintained higher photosynthetic capacity and root growth, thus OJ was found to be more shade-tolerant than LP. Shade-intolerant LP responded better to both shade and soil microbes than shade-tolerant OJ. Shade and live soil decreased LP growth but increased biomass allocation to shoots in the live soil. The plant shade response index of LP is higher in the live soil than sterile soil, driven by weakened soil-plant feedback under shade stress. In contrast, there was no difference in these values for OJ under similar shade and soil treatments. Illumina sequencing data revealed that shade stress had little impact on the diversity of the OJ and LP’s bacterial communities, but instead impacted the composition of bacterial communities. The bacterial communities were mostly composed of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria in OJ soil. Further pairwise fitting analysis showed that a positive correlation of shade-tolerance in two turfgrasses and their bacterial community compositions. Several soil properties (NO3--N, NH4+-N, AK) showed a tight coupling with several major bacterial communities under shade stress, indicating that they are important drivers determining bacterial community structures. Moreover, OJ shared core bacterial taxa known to promote plant growth and confer tolerance to shade stress, which suggests common principles underpinning OJ-microbe interactions. Conclusion: Plant shade tolerance is mediated by soil-plant feedback and shade-induced changes in rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure in OJ and LP plants.
Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of SET DOMAIN GROUP family in Dendrobium catenatum
Authors: Chen Dong-Hong , Qiu Han-Lin , Huang Yong , Zhang Lei , Si Jin-Ping
Published: October 2019

Background: Dendrobium catenatum used as a precious Chinese herbal medicine is a kind of epiphytic orchid plant which grows on the trunks and cliffs and often faces up to diverse environmental stresses. SET DOMAIN GROUP (SDG) proteins act as histone lysine methyltransferases which are involved in pleiotropic developmental events and stress responses through modifying chromatin structure and regulating gene transcription, but their roles in D. catenatum are unknown. Results: In this study, we identified 44 SDG proteins from D. catenatum genome. Subsequently, comprehensive analyses related to gene structure, protein domain organization, and phylogenetic relationship were performed to evaluate these D. catenatum SDG (DcSDG) proteins, along with the well-investigated homologs from the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa as well as the newly characterized 42 SDG proteins from a closely related orchid plant Phalaenopsis equestris . We showed DcSDG proteins can be grouped into eight distinct classes (I~VII and M), mostly consistent with the previous description. Based on the catalytic substrates of the reported SDG members mainly in Arabidopsis, Class I (E(z)-Like) is predicted to account for the deposition of H3K27me2/3, Class II (Ash-like) for H3K36me, Class III (Trx/ATX-like) for H3K4me2/3, Class M (ATXR3/7) for H3K4me, Class IV (Su(var)-like) for H3K27me1, Class V (Suv-like) for H3K9me, as well as class VI (S-ET) and class VII (RBCMT) for methylation of both histone and non-histone proteins. RNA-seq derived expression profiling showed that DcSDG proteins usually have wide but distinguished expression in different tissues and organs. Finally, environmental stresses examination showed the expression of DcASHR3, DcSUVR3, DcATXR4, DcATXR5b, and DcSDG49 is closely associated with drought-recovery treatment, the expression of DcSUVH5a , DcATXR5a and DcSUVR14a is significantly influenced by low temperature, and even 61% DcSDG genes are in response to heat shock. Conclusions: This study systematically identifies and classifies SDG genes in orchid plant D. catenatum , indicates their functional divergence during the evolution, and discovers their broad roles in the developmental programs and stress responses. These results provide constructive clues for further functional investigation and epigenetic mechanism dissection of SET-containing proteins in orchid.
Convenient and Efficient Syntheses of Peptide Nucleic Acid Purine Monomers
Authors: Abdelbaky Ahmed S. , Prokhorov Ivan A. , Gnuskova Elena V. , Esipova Olga V. , Kirillova Yulia G.
Published: October 2019

Currently, peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) play an important role as therapeutic
agents, molecular tools for diagnosis and detection of genetic diseases as well as in biosensor
probes. This research aims to optimize the synthesis of aeg- and γ-(S)-Me PNA
monomers based on L-Ala, intended for oligomerization according to the Boc protocol.
The monomers were obtained through the condensation of the corresponding pseudopeptides
with carboxymethyl purine nucleic bases. During the work, the optimization of benzyloxycarbonyl-
N6-adenine-9-yl-acetic acid and benzyloxycarbonyl-N2-guanine-9-ylacetic
acid was carried out. The synthesis of benzyloxycarbonyl-N6-adenine-9-yl-acetic
acid was conducted in three stages based on adenine with an overall yield of 22%. At the
same time, the conditions for effective recrystallization of the mixture after alkylation of
benzyloxycarbonyl-N6-adenine with ethyl bromoacetic acid ether have been developed to isolate the desired
N9-regioisomer. Also, the optimization of a known method for producing benzyloxycarbonyl-N2-guanine-9-ylacetic
acid from 2-amino-6-chloropurine was carried out. The total yield of the five-stage scheme was 55%.
Condensation of aeg- and γ-(S)-Me pseudopeptides with benzyloxycarbonyl-N6-adenine-9-yl-acetic acid and
benzyloxycarbonyl-N2-guanine-9-yl-acetic acid was performed by the standard carbodiimide method,
DCC/HOBt in DMF followed by the removal of C-terminal methyl protective group by alkaline hydrolysis.
The structure of the new compounds obtained was confirmed by spectral analysis methods. This work provides
simple and optimized methods for obtaining protected carboxymethyl purine bases and increasing the efficiency
of the synthesis and synthesized purine PNA monomers in an acceptable yield.
Preparation of Liquid Oral Mucoadhesive Gastro-retentive System of Nimodipine
Authors: Mamdouh Mai , Donia Ahmed , Essa Ebtessam , Maghraby Gamal El
Published: October 2019

Background:

Nimodipine is a calcium channel blocker frequently used in critical care settings.
It is mainly absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Accordingly, the development of gastroretentive
formulation will be beneficial. The benefit would be maximized for critical care patients if the
developed system was in liquid form to facilitate the administration through nasogastric tubing.

Objective:

Development of gastro-retentive liquid oral controlled release formulation of nimodipine
through in situ gellation.

Methods:

Nimodipine dissolution was improved by solid dispersion (SD) using poloxamer 407. Sodium
alginate solutions (1, 1.5 and 2%w/v) were loaded with the optimized SD microparticles. Carboxymethylcellulose
was added to modulate the release and to augment mucoadhesion power. All in situ gelling
alginate solutions were characterized regarding viscosity, gelling capacity and drug release. SD microparticles
showed considerable improvement in nimodipine dissolution.

Results:

All alginate systems were pourable. Increasing alginate concentration increased the gelling
capacity and reduced drug release rate. The addition of carboxymethylcellulose produced greater control
over drug release rate. X-ray radiography showed successful stomach-retention over 8 hours in rabbits,
which correlates with the controlled release pattern of the developed systems.

Conclusion:

The study provides the formulator with a range of gastroretentive controlled release formulations
of nimodipine while maintaining the convenience of administration through nasogastric tubing
with the potential for enhanced bioavailability.
Implementasi Problem Based Learning dalam Peningkatan Aktifitas dan Kognitif Siswa SMK
Authors: Munadi Bernardus Agus , Triwiyono Endri
Published: October 2019

This study aims to improve students' learning activeness and cognitive-learning outcomes using Problem-Based Learning (PBL) on the 2013 Curriculum. The research was a two-cycle action research, conducted in an oxygen-acetylene welding (OAW) practice of SMK Teknik Fabrikasi Logam. There were four stages in each cycle, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data were collected by means of observations using checklists and rating-scale instruments and were analyzed descriptively. The result of PBL implementation show that: (1) students’ activeness is improved by 11.20%; (2) students’ cognitive-learning outcomes is improved by 5.32%. The cognitive outcomes improvement can be broken down into memorization (86.97%), comprehension (77.68%), application (78.77%), analysis (79.61%), evaluation (77.97%) and synthesis (79.16%); (3) the percentages of students who passed the minimum mastery criteria on the cognitive aspects is 91.31%; and (4) PBL is in line with the scientific approach of the 2013 CurriculumPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas pembelajaran dan kemampuan hasil belajar kognitif siswa SMK Teknik Fabrikasi Logam pada pembelajaran las oksi-asetillin dengan menggunakan metode Problem-Based Learning (PBL) sesuai Kurikulum 2013. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahapan: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi dengan instrumen checklist dan rating scale. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) penerapan metode PBL pada pembelajaran Las Oksi Asetilin dapat meningkatkan aktivitas pembelajaran siswa sebesar 11,20%; 2) peningkatan hasil belajar aspek kognitif setelah menerapkan metode PBL adalah sebesar 5,32% dengan tingkat capaian kemampuan aspek kognitif sebagai berikut: mengingat 86,87%; memahami 77,68%; menerapkan 78,77%; menganalisa 79,61%; menilai 77,97%; dan mencipta 79,16%; 3) siswa yang mencapai Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal pada hasil belajar aspek kognitif setelah menerapkan metode PBL sebesar 91,31%; dan 4) Metode PBL selaras dengan pendekatan saintifik pada Kurikulum 2013.
Rancang Bangun Universal Silindrical Grinding Attachment Sistem Modul pada Mesin Bubut Manual
Authors: Sutopo Sutopo , Paryanto Paryanto , Ardian Aan , Marwanto Arif
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this research is to design and to analyze the feasibility of universal cylindrical grinding attachment that can be attached to conventional lathes. The research is a quantitative research using ADDIE Reseach and Development (R&D) procedure. Data were collected using observation, by means of questionnaire and documentation. Data were analyzed using quantitative-descriptive technique. Results are: (1) the universal cylindrical grinding attachment design is a modified hand-grinding machine with added components to add internal cylindrical grinding functionality; (2) all aspects are in the category of “strongly agree”, so it can be concluded that the design is feasible to use.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang mesin universal cylindrical grinding attachment yang dapat dipasang dan digunakan pada mesin bubut konvensional serta untuk mengetahui kelayakannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dengan prosedur penelitian Pengembangan/Reseach and Development (R&D) model ADDIE. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi dan alat pengumpul data menggunakan angket dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1) Rancangan mesin universal cylindrical grinding attachment pada mesin bubut manual dibuat dengan memodifikasi mesin gerinda tangan dengan dengan menambahkan beberapa komponen, yaitu: tapper shaft, clamping nuts, slive, shank, nut, bottom holder, dan top holder, sehingga fungsinya bertambah yaitu mampu digunakan untuk menggerinda internal silindris.; (2) rentang penilaian rerata keseluruhan aspek  termasuk dalam kategori sangat setuju, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa mesin ini layak untuk digunakan.
Variasi Komposisi Bentonit pada Cetakan Pasir Blok Silinder Mesin Pemotong Rumput
Authors: Wijayanto Sofian , Sunyoto Sunyoto
Published: October 2019

Purpose of this research is to find out how the influence of variation of bentonite composition on the sand mold to casting defect, hardness, and microstructure. Variations of bentonite composition used were 0%, 8%, and 16%. The data of the research were analyzed directly using graphs and micro photographs which were then drawn conclusions from the results of the study. Needle-hole defects are found in all variations of bentonite composition. The porosity defect was found only in the variation of 0% and 16% bentonite compositions. The highest hardness value was obtained from the 8% bentonite composition variation is 84.26 VHN and the lowest hardness value was obtained from 0% VHN bentonite composition variation is 68.02 VHN. The best microstructure is indicated by the variation of 8% bentonite composition as evidenced by the formation of Al and Si elements that are evenly distributed and closer to the grain.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh variasi komposisi bentonit pada cetakan pasir terhadap cacat coran, kekerasan dan struktur mikro. Variasi komposisi bentonit yang digunakan adalah 0%, 8% dan 16%. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara langsung menggunakan grafik dan foto mikro yang kemudian  ditarik  kesimpulan  dari  hasil  penelitian  tersebut.  Cacat lubang jarum ditemukan di semua variasi komposisi bentonit. Sedangkan cacat porositas hanya ditemukan pada variasi komposisi bentonit 0% dan 16. nilai kekerasan tertinggi diperoleh dari variasi komposisi bentonit 8% sebesar 84.26 VHN dan nilai kekerasan terendah diperoleh dari variasi komposisi bentonit 0% sebesar 68.02 VHN. Struktur mikro terbaik ditunjukkan oleh variasi komposisi bentonit 8% dibuktikan dengan pembentukan unsur Al dan Si yang merata dan lebih merapat letak antar butirnya.
Manajemen Kepala Sekolah dalam Menjalankan Kurikulum di SMK TKM Tamansiswa Purworejo
Authors: Subagyo Subagyo , Samidjo Samidjo
Published: October 2019

This research was initiated from the fact that Tamansiswa Institute, founded even before the Indonesian Independence, up until today, its condition does not improve significantly. Some of the former schools were shut down due to lack of students. This research was carried out in SMK TKM Tamansiswa Purworejo. Data were collected using interviews and documentation. The research subjects were school headmasters, focusing on their job descriptions. The research aims to describe the implementation of curriculum management in SMK TKM Tamansiswa Purworejo so far. This is qualitative research with a qualitative-descriptive data analysis. The interpretation in this research was based on the subjects’ mindset and implementation in performing their job based on managerial principles.Penelitian ini diawali dari keadaan sekolah Tamansiswa yang didirikan sejak Indonesia belum merdeka hingga saat ini kondisinya belum ada kemajuan yang signifikan. Bahkan dari sekolah yang pernah ada, pada saat ini banyak yang ditutup karena kekurangan peserta didik. Penelitian dilakukan di SMK TKM Tamansiswa Purworejo. Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian adalah kepala sekolah dalam melaksanakan tugas dan kewajibannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan manajemen kurikulum yang diselenggarakan SMK TKM Tamansiswa Purworejo selama ini. Penelitian ini tergolong penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Interpretasi pada penelitian ini mengacu pada pola pikir dan pelaksanaan subjek dalam menjalankan pekerjaan berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip manajemen.
A Gamified Smartphone-Based Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Lukas Christian Aljoscha , Eskofier Bjoern , Berking Matthias
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Available smartphone-based interventions for depression predominantly use evidence-based strategies from cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), but patient engagement and reported effect sizes are small. Recently, studies have demonstrated that smartphone-based interventions combining CBT with gamified approach-avoidance bias modification training (AAMT) can foster patient engagement and reduce symptoms of several mental health problems.

OBJECTIVE

Based on these findings, we developed a gamified smartphone-based intervention, mentalis Phoenix (MT-Phoenix), and hypothesized the program would both engage patients and produce preliminary evidence for the reduction of depressive symptoms.

METHODS

To test this hypothesis, we evaluated MT-Phoenix in a randomized controlled pilot trial including 77 individuals with elevated depression scores (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores ≥5). Participants were either instructed to train for 14 days with MT-Phoenix or assigned to a waitlist control condition. Engagement with the intervention was measured by assessing usage data. The primary outcome was reduction in depressive symptom severity at postassessment.

RESULTS

Data from this pilot trial shows that participants in the intervention group used the smartphone-based intervention for 46% of all days (6.4/14) and reported a significantly greater reduction of depressive symptoms than did participants in the control condition (F1,74=19.34; P=.001), with a large effect size (d=1.02). Effects were sustained at a 3-month follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

A gamified smartphone-based intervention combining CBT with AAMT may foster patient engagement and effectively target depressive symptoms. Future studies should evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention in a phase 3 trial using clinical samples. Moreover, the intervention should be compared to active control conditions.

CLINICALTRIAL

German Clinical Trial Registry DRKS00012769; https://tinyurl.com/47mw8du7
¿Necesita el científico forense comprender la periodicidad?
Authors: Sosa Ana María , Suzuri Hernández Luis Jiro
Published: October 2019

La enseñanza de la química orientada a la formación de científicos forenses plantea un reto inédito para los profesores, ya que el perfil de este profesional es muy diferente al de los egresados de las facultades de química. En este trabajo abordamos la enseñanza de la tabla periódica en un contexto forense, partiendo de la propuesta programática de la asignatura de Química General en el Plan de Estudios de la Licenciatura en Ciencia Forense de la UNAM. Resultado de un estudio exploratorio, presentamos los usos que los profesores de las asignaturas del área de química hacen de la tabla periódica en sus clases. A manera de ejemplo ofrecemos dos casos en los que la comprensión de información de la tabla periódica desempeña un papel fundamental en una averiguación forense, casos que pueden emplearse en el aula para contextualizar la enseñanza de las propiedades periódicas y de los cuales se desprenden recomendaciones para su enseñanza.
Química e Ingeniería en Materiales: una nueva licenciatura
Authors: Martínez Vázquez Ana
Published: October 2019

La Facultad de Química de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México se complace en anunciar, a través de esta Comunicación Especial, el nacimiento de una nueva licenciatura que comenzará a ofrecerse en agosto del año 2020: la licenciatura en Química e Ingeniería en Materiales. Los egresados de esta licenciatura serán profesionistas que podrán identificar y resolver problemas relacionados con los materiales, que incluyen materiales cerámicos, electrónicos, magnéticos, biomateriales (las prótesis por ejemplo), materiales sustentables y materiales para la obtención de fuentes alternativas de energía, por mencionar algunos ejemplos. Los profesionales egresados de esta licenciatura serán capaces de realizar investigación interdisciplinaria y coordinar proyectos tecnológicos dentro de un marco de desarrollo sustentable y socialmente responsable.
Perceraian Nikah di Bawah Tangan dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Pengasuhan Anak (Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Peusangan Kabupaten Bireun)
Authors: Devy Soraya , Rizqi Ayu Maulina
Published: October 2019

Nikah di bawah tangan atau nikah tidak dicatat merupakan isu hukum keluarga kontemporer yang masih dipraktekkan oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Peusangan Siblah Krueng, Bireun. Masalah yang ingin diteliti adalah apa saja dampak dan pengaruh perceraian dari nikah di bawah tangan terhadap pengasuhan anak di Kecamatan Peusangan Siblah Krueng, Bireun, dan bagaimana tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap perlindungan hukum anak akibat perceraian dari perkawinan di bawah tangan. Penelitian ini masuk dalam studi kasus (case study). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perceraian dari nikah di bawah tangan terhadap pengasuhan anak di Kecamatan Peusangan Siblah Krueng, Bireun memiliki dampak negatif terhadap pengasuhan anak. Dua kasus ditemukan seorang ayah tidak menafkahi anak, tidak memberikan biaya pengasuhan, dan tidak merawat anak dengan baik. Menurut hukum Islam anak akibat perceraian dari perkawinan di bawah tangan tetap harus diberikan perlindungan hukum, khususnya bagi kedua orang tuanya. Islam memandang pernikahan di bawah tangan tetap sah, dan anak yang dihasilkan juga sah. Orang tua dari pasangan nikah di bawah tangan wajib melindungi anak dengan memberikan perawatan, pembiayaan, nafkah, kesehatan dan pendidikan anak, meskipun keduanya telah bercerai.
Kedudukan Izin Rujuk Suami dalam Masa ‘Iddah (Analisis Perspektif Hukum Islam)
Authors: Abdullah Arifin , Ulfa Delia
Published: October 2019

Dalam al-Quran dan haditst  tidak memerintahkan maupun melarang adanya syarat izin isteri untuk melakukan rujuk. Namun, menurut beberapa ulama rujuk tersebut tidak memerlukan izin dan persetujuan isteri sedangkan aturan yang ada dalam sistem perundang-undangan di Indonesia mengharuskan adanya izin isteri dalam rujuk suami. Izin rujuk dibutuhkan dengan tujuan untuk menghindari mudharat dan kerusakan.Tujuan dari karya ilmiah ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana tinjauan berdasarkan hukum Islam terhadap kedudukan izin rujuk suami dalam masa iddah, dan mengetahui dalil-dalil serta metode istinbāṭ hukum  apa saja yang digunakan para ulama dalam menetapkan hak rujuk suami. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan studi pustaka (library reserach). Menganalisa data-data penelitian untuk menyimpulkan bahwa menurut hukum Islam, kedudukan izin rujuk suami dalam masa iddah tidak dijelaskan secara tegas. Ulama fikih menetapkan rujuk sebagai hak prerogatif suami yang tidak membutuhkan izin dan persetujuan dari isteri. Suami dapat merujuk isteri kapan pun. Izin isteri dalam rujuk suami yang berlaku dalam peraturan perundang-undangan tidak menyalahi hukum Islam. Adapun metode istinbāṭ yang digunakan lebih fokus kepada metode bayanī atau lughawiyyah. Metode ini ditinjau oleh para ulama untuk melihat dalil al-Quran tentang rujuk bersifat umum (‘am).
Penyelesaian Poligami Ilegal melalui Jalur Hukum Pidana menurut Hukum Islam: Studi Kasus di Pengadilan Negeri Jantho
Authors: EMK. Alidar EMK. Alidar , Jannah Rauzatul
Published: October 2019

Poligami dalam Islam diperbolehkan dengan syarat adil. Negara menambahkan syarat-syarat poligami yaitu selain mampu berlaku adil dan mampu dalam hal menjamin keperluan hidup isteri-isteri dan anak-anaknya maka terlebih dahulu harus memperoleh izin isteri terdahulu dan izin pengadilan. Akan tetapi, kebanyakan dari mereka tidak memenuhi syarat yang ditetapkan negara. Pertanyaan penelitian dalam skripsi ini adalah mengapa kasus-kasus poligami ilegal di proses melalui jalur hukum pidana, bagaimana akibat hukum dilakukannya proses pidana pada kasus-kasus poligami ilegal, dan bagaimana tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap penyelesaian kasus-kasus poligami ilegal melalui jalur hukum pidana yang telah diputuskan Pengadilan Negeri Jantho. Penelitian dalam skripsi ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field research), dengan pendekatan kualitatif dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode penelitian normatif sosiologis. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat dipahami bahwa kasus-kasus poligami ilegal diproses melalui jalur hukum pidana selama pasal dalam KUHP tentang kejahatan asal usul perkawinan tidak dicabut atau diganti dengan undang-undang yang lain, dan mengenai kasus poligami ilegal yang telah diselesaikan oleh Pengadilan Negeri Jantho dalam rentang waktu tiga tahun (2014-2016) terdapat 5 (lima) kasus, yang terdiri dari dua putusan suami isteri yang salinan putusannya terpisah dan satu suami. Adapun akibat hukum dilakukannya proses pidana pada kasus-kasus poligami ilegal lebih cenderung kepada fisik (badan) seperti penjara, akan tetapi akibat hukum tersebut bisa berbeda-beda tergantung penggunaannya misalnya dijadikan bukti otentik dalam hal pemecatan pekerjaan bagi PNS, dan putusan tersebut bisa digunakan oleh isteri terdahulu sebagai bukti gugatan cerai. Jika ditinjau melalui hukum Islam, poligami ilegal tetap dianggap sah menurut agama selama memenuhi rukun dan syarat pernikahan, hanya saja negara memandang sah apabilah memenuhi administratif negara.
Peran Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat Hulu Perak terhadap Perlindungan Anak dari Kekerasan
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Arifah Nurul
Published: October 2019

Tindakan kekerasan terhadap anak di Malaysia cenderung meningkat setiap tahun, pada tahun 2010 sebanyak 3.257 kasus dan meningkat pada tahun 2015 menjadi  4.453 kasus. Pertanyaan penelitian dalam skripsi ini adalah pertama apa saja peran dan pola Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat dalam memberikan perlindungan kepada anak, kedua apa hambatan dan tantangan yang dihadapi dalam menangani perlindungan kekerasan anak oleh Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan penelitian lapangan (field research). Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggali bahan-bahan ilmiah. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa peran perlindungan anak dari kekerasan oleh Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat telah bertindak mengambil anak melalui proseder-proseder yang telah ditetapkan sebelum dibawa ke rumah-rumah perlindungan, maka pihak jabatan telah menetapkan sebuah akta yang menjadi dasar pegangan mereka yaitu Akta Kanak-Kanak 2001. Bimbingan dan konseling diberi kepada anak-anak untuk mengatasi masalah emosi dan psikologi mereka. Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat juga memberi aktifitas keterampilan dan keahlian dasar sesuai dengan kemampuan dan bakat mereka. Bantuan pendidikan agama dan moral adalah untuk menjamin pertumbuhan anak-anak. Pola utama dimulai dari rumah yang melibatkan peran penting orangtua dan pengasuh, kesadaran masyarakat dan media. Hambatan dan tantangan yang dihadapi oleh Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat dalam menangani perlindungan anak dari kekerasan adalah dari pihak keluarga, masyarakat dan budaya. Dari paparan diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa semua pihak wajib memberikan perlindungan anak dari kekerasan untuk menjamin pemenuhan hak-hak hidup mereka.