bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring seed characteristics and performance through advanced physico-chemical techniques
Authors: Vadivel Dhanalakshmi , Djemal Rania , García Jessica , Pagano Andrea , Trabelsi Rahma , Gdoura-Ben Amor Maroua , Charfeddine Safa , Ghanmi Siwar , Khalifa Ibtisem , Rekik Mariem , Amor Fatma , Ebel Chantal , Gdoura Radhouane , Elleuch Amine , Balestrazzi Alma , Macovei Anca , Hanin Moez , Dondi Daniele
Published: October 2024

Simple physico-chemical techniques can be used to evaluate the composition, structure, and characteristics of plant seeds to determine their viability, quality, and possible uses in agriculture. Advanced analytical techniques, including thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), provide completely new insights and more precise information. They can be integrated to build up seed quality profiles, with great advantage to assess water content, organic compounds, and inorganic metals without the need to carry out many extraction procedures, as requested by more conventional methods. In this study, seed lots from three different plant species such as Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (wheat), Trigonella foenum graecum L. (trigonella or fenugreek), and Atriplex halimus L. (saltbush or sea orach) have been used to test the potential of TGA, EPR, and HPLC to discriminate between seed-specific features. A key finding of this study is that HPLC is essential in Principal Component Analysis (PCA) because various seeds (from the same species or other species) may contain compounds with varying polarity groups. The reported data confirm the efficacy of this approach. These data, fully available for other users, are coherently constructed and provide a proof of concept for future seed quality control studies.
StratoMod: predicting sequencing and variant calling errors with interpretable machine learning
Authors: Dwarshuis Nathan , Tonner Peter , Olson Nathan D. , Sedlazeck Fritz J. , Wagner Justin , Zook Justin M.
Published: October 2024

Despite the variety in sequencing platforms, mappers, and variant callers, no single pipeline is optimal across the entire human genome. Therefore, developers, clinicians, and researchers need to make tradeoffs when designing pipelines for their application. Currently, assessing such tradeoffs relies on intuition about how a certain pipeline will perform in a given genomic context. We present StratoMod, which addresses this problem using an interpretable machine-learning classifier to predict germline variant calling errors in a data-driven manner. We show StratoMod can precisely predict recall using Hifi or Illumina and leverage StratoMod’s interpretability to measure contributions from difficult-to-map and homopolymer regions for each respective outcome. Furthermore, we use Statomod to assess the effect of mismapping on predicted recall using linear vs. graph-based references, and identify the hard-to-map regions where graph-based methods excelled and by how much. For these we utilize our draft benchmark based on the Q100 HG002 assembly, which contains previously-inaccessible difficult regions. Furthermore, StratoMod presents a new method of predicting clinically relevant variants likely to be missed, which is an improvement over current pipelines which only filter variants likely to be false. We anticipate this being useful for performing precise risk-reward analyses when designing variant calling pipelines.
Design of stimuli-responsive minimalist heptad surfactants for stable emulsions
Authors: Li Yang , Weng Yilun , Hui Yue , Wang Jiaqi , Xu Letao , Yang Yang , Yang Guangze , Zhao Chun-Xia
Published: October 2024

Peptide surfactants have been extensively investigated with various applications in detergents, foods, and pharmaceutics due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and customizable structures. Traditional peptide surfactants are often designed in a head-to-tail fashion mimicking chemical surfactants. Alternatively, a side-by-side design pattern based on heptad repeats offers an approach to designing peptide surfactants. However, minimalist peptide design using a single heptad for stabilizing interfaces remains largely unexplored. Here, we design four heptad surfactants (AM1.2, 6H, 6H7K, and HK) responsive to metal ions and compare their emulsification performance with a three-heptad peptide, AM1. Among them, the HK peptide generates emulsions exhibiting good stability over months. We further optimize factors such as buffering salts, ionic strength, and emulsion dilutions to uncover their impacts on emulsion properties. Our findings deepen the understanding of emulsion properties and provide practical insights for characterizing peptide-based emulsions, paving the way for their broader utilization in diverse applications.
Social media engagement in people and climate change
Authors: Graham Hilary , Golder Su
Published: October 2024

‘People’ are central both to populism, an ideology in which ‘people’ are pitted against corrupt elites, and to climate science and policy, which advocate ‘people-centred’ climate action. Our Brief Communication explores references to climate change and ‘people’ on Twitter (now X). Populist tropes (the people against corrupt elites) were not restricted to climate-sceptical tweets; they extended to tweets that recognised climate change was real but expressed mistrust about climate actions.
Aligning digital biomarker definitions in psychiatry with the National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria framework
Authors: Mulinari Shai
Published: October 2024

The field of biological psychiatry faces a growing influx of digital biomarkers spanning self-report, social, behavioral, cognitive, and physiological indicators of various mental health conditions. However, the definition of “digital biomarker,” particularly the “bio-” component, remains unclear. This article reviews the terminology of digital biomarkers in psychiatry and argues for the reservation of the term exclusively for measures of biological parameters with a plausible pathway connecting to the disease or condition of interest to enhance terminological clarity and consistency with conventional definitions of biomarker, short for biological marker. While the distinction between biological and non-biological parameters may blur at the edges, the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) developed by the US National Institute of Mental Health offers a valuable heuristic. The RDoC distinguishes between biological (genes, molecules, cells, neural circuits, physiology) and non-biological (broadly understood behavior and self-report) units of analysis. Aligning digital biomarker definitions in psychiatry with the RDoC framework would mark a significant shift from the current broad usage, where almost any digitally measured characteristic, when used as an indicator, qualifies as a digital biomarker.
Combining method validation data with additional information for measurement uncertainty evaluation – determination of melatonin content in tea
Authors: Gutiérrez-Fernández Lucía , Oliveira Cristina M. , Díez-Pascual Ana M. , San Andrés María Paz , Bettencourt da Silva Ricardo J. N.
Published: October 2024

The evaluation of measurement uncertainty involves combining available experimental data with additional knowledge on the impact of sources of uncertainty on the measured value to quantify combined uncertainty.
A user-friendly fluorescent biosensor for precise lactate detection and quantification in vitro
Authors: Wang Qiwei , Shi Sai , Liu Si , Ye Sheng
Published: October 2024

A stable, specific single fluorescent biosensor for in vitro lactate detection.
Quantum mechanical analysis of newly synthesized HIV-1 protease inhibitors: evaluation of wild-type and resistant strain binding interactions
Authors: Silva Gabriel Vinícius Rolim , Ramos Reiniger Klaus Augustus , de Lima Menezes Gabriela , Bezerra Katyanna Sales , Galvão Douglas Soares , Saivish Marielena Vogel , da Silva Roosevelt Alves , Akash Shopnil , Tayyeb Jehad Zuhair , Oliveira Jonas Ivan Nobre , Fulco Umberto Laino
Published: October 2024

Inhibition of HIV-1 protease is a cornerstone of antiretroviral therapy.
Discovering SnB7−: a half-sandwich structure with double aromaticity and pathways to molecular machines
Authors: Zhang Yong-Hang , Wang Huai-Qian , Li Hui-Fang , Zhang Jia-Ming , Zheng Hao , Jiang Kai-Le , Zhang Bo , Wu Wen-Hai
Published: October 2024

Significant exploration of the electronic population and magnetic response characteristics of the unique manual shifter-like SnB7− cluster with an intricate half-sandwich structure.
Vibrational frequencies utilized for the assessment of exchange–correlation functionals in the description of metal–adsorbate systems: C2H2 and C2H4 on transition-metal surfaces
Authors: Miyazaki Ray , Faraji Somayeh , Levchenko Sergey V. , Foppa Lucas , Scheffler Matthias
Published: October 2024

Vibrational frequencies can be utilized as a reference to assess the reliability of the exchange–correlation functionals.
In situ synthesis within micron-sized hydrogel reactors created via programmable aerosol chemistry
Authors: Zhang Luokun , Mehr S. Hessam M.
Published: October 2024

Programmable aerosol chemistry enables the creation of micron-sized soft chemical reactors. These alginate microspheres serve as versatile containers for in situ synthesis and controlled release of chemical products and payloads.
Sorting polyolefins with near-infrared spectroscopy: identification of optimal data analysis pipelines and machine learning classifiers
Authors: Sutliff Bradley P. , Beaucage Peter A. , Audus Debra J. , Orski Sara V. , Martin Tyler B.
Published: October 2024

Large cross-validation campaigns produce classification models from NIR spectroscopy measurements of polyolefins (the most common class of plastic produced), which may improve sortation at recycling facilities.
Development of thiacrown ligands for encapsulation of mercury-197m/g into radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Randhawa Parmissa , Stienstra Cailum M. K. , Chen Shaohuang , Gao Yang , Schreckenbach Georg , Radchenko Valery , Ramogida Caterina F.
Published: October 2024

18-membered N2S4 macrocyclic chelators bearing picolinic acid, pyridine, and thioether pendant arms were studied for their ability to complex the “soft” (radio)metal ion 197/natHg2+.
Nanocarrier foliar uptake pathways affect delivery of active agents and plant physiological response
Authors: Kohay Hagay , Wielinski Jonas , Reiser Jana , Perkins Lydia A. , Ristroph Kurt , Giraldo Juan Pablo , Lowry Gregory V.
Published: October 2024

Top-side foliar application of layered double hydroxide penetrates the cuticle better, accumulates between epidermal cell walls, and improves plant performance more than bottom-side application.
Spiers Memorial Lecture: New horizons in nanoelectrochemistry
Authors: Wahab Oluwasegun , Baker Lane A.
Published: October 2024

This introductory lecture prefaces the 2024 New Horizons in Nanoelectrochemistry Faraday Discussion.
Integrated transcriptomics and untargeted metabolomics reveal bone development and metabolism of newly weaned mice in response to dietary calcium and boron levels
Authors: Li Shuo , Cao Xuehai , Zou Tiande , Wang Zirui , Chen Xingping , Chen Jun , You Jinming
Published: October 2024

Boron supplementation in diets with varying calcium levels modulates bone development and bone parameters in mice by regulating calcium signaling, lipid metabolism, and neural signaling and inflammatory signaling.
Relationships of dietary habits with prostate cancer risk: results from Mendelian randomization analyses and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Zhou Zhen , Xu Jin , Zhao Yang , Niu Yuanjie
Published: October 2024

Prior investigations identified correlations between dietary habits and the risk of prostate cancer (PCa); however, the causative dynamics are unclear.
Recent advances in N-formylation reaction for the chemical recycling of carbon dioxide
Authors: Yuan Qiang , Cai Xiao , Ding Weiping , Zhu Yan
Published: October 2024

The homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst systems applied in N-formylation reaction of amines and CO2 reaction from both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems are summarized.
Cyanuric chloride as a linker towards the synthesis of covalent triazine polymers: a review
Authors: Peter Silpa Elizabeth , Thomas Paul , Vairavel P. , Anil Kumar N. V.
Published: October 2024

Covalent triazine polymers, comprised of aromatic electron-deficient 1,3,5-triazine units, exhibit distinctive structural properties, rendering them an emerging porous material across diverse applications.
Phenyl- versus cyclohexyl-terminated substituents: comparative study on aggregated structures and electron-transport properties in n-type organic semiconductors
Authors: Kumagai Shohei , Koguma Takeru , Arai Yutaro , Watanabe Go , Ishii Hiroyuki , Takeya Jun , Okamoto Toshihiro
Published: October 2024

This paper reports that specific attractive intermolecular interactions between side-chain substituents can be useful for enhancing charge-carrier mobility in organic semiconductors owing to the suppression of molecular motions.
Engineering of robust conjugated polymer-based aerogels via surface-initiated polycondensation towards sunlight-driven seawater desalination and uranium extraction
Authors: Chen Yuan , Fu Guang-en , Zhao Yu-xiang , Wang Ke , Chen Meng-wei , Ma Qiang , Li Shan , Han Jun-Yi , Liang Li-sha , Zhao Wen-kai , Xiao Peng , Wang Sheng , Chen Tao , Zhang Tao
Published: October 2024

This work shows a strategy for the preparation of uniform and high stability sp2C-CPP-based aerogels to simultaneously enhance their photothermal and photocatalytic performance.
Enlightening the sensing behaviour of click-derived 1,2,3-triazole for the selective detection of zirconium(iv) and its potential ability against Kelch-Neh2 via an in silico approach
Authors: Singh Gurjaspreet , Mithun  , Khurana Sumesh , Kaur Harshbir , Rani Bhavana , Diskit Tsering , Jyoti  , Parul  , Vikas
Published: October 2024

The 1,2,3-triazole-adjoined 4-aminobenzonitrile-based organosilane 7 displayed exceptional selectivity and sensitivity towards Zr(iv) as well as incredible antioxidant properties.
Fe(ii) and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases for natural product synthesis: molecular insights into reaction diversity
Authors: Zhao Songyin , Wu Lunjie , Xu Yan , Nie Yao
Published: October 2024

This review compiles recent structural insights to deepen our comprehension of the functional diversity of Fe/2OG DOs, highlighting the connection between enzyme structure and function in catalytic reactions for natural product synthesis.
Emergent conformational and aggregation properties of synergistic antimicrobial peptide combinations
Authors: Serian Miruna , Mason A. James , Lorenz Christian D.
Published: October 2024

MD simulations and unsupervised learning are utilised to show that combining two synergistic AMPs from the Winter Flounder family restricts their conformational space and alters their aggregation behaviour, offering new insights into AMP synergy.
Effect of two-fold single-atom substitutions (S, Se; C, N) in band gap engineered donor–acceptor conjugated microporous polymers on the efficient aerobic photooxidation of aryl sulfides
Authors: Sau Soumitra , Karmakar Suman , Banerjee Flora , Samanta Suman Kalyan
Published: October 2024

Substitution of S with more metallic Se in D–A CMPs improved the photocatalytic detoxification of sulfur mustards with up to 97% yield, in contrast to a second substitution of C with a more electronegative N.
Emerging trends in the chemistry of polymeric resists for extreme ultraviolet lithography
Authors: Cen Jie , Deng Zhengyu , Liu Shiyong
Published: October 2024

Patterning materials have advanced significantly to achieve high-resolution fabrication of integrated circuits for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. Emerging trends in the chemistry of polymeric resists for EUV lithography are summarized.
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory compounds from Vietnamese lichen Usnea baileyi: in vitro and in silico aspects
Authors: Do Thanh-Hung , Duong Thuc-Huy , Vu Y.-Thien , Tran Huu-Phuoc , Nguyen Thi-Truc-Ngan , Sichaem Jirapast , Nguyen Ngoc-Hong , Nguyen Huy Truong , Pham Duc-Dung
Published: October 2024

Using bio-guided isolation on the Vietnamese lichen Usnea baileyi based on alpha-glucosidase inhibition, eleven compounds were isolated and structurally elucidated. Compound 1e was determined to be a mixed inhibitor through a kinetic study.
High comprehensive properties of colorless transparent polyimide films derived from fluorine-containing and ether-containing dianhydride
Authors: Shi Yan , Hu Jinzhi , Li Xiaomin , Jian Jing , Jiang Lili , Yin Chuanqiang , Xi Yuchun , Huang Kai , Su Liejun , Zhou Lang
Published: October 2024

Fluorinated colorless transparent polyimide (CPI) films are crucial for flexible displays and wearable devices, but their development is limited by high costs and relatively low mechanical properties.
Furan-rich, biobased transfection agents as potential oligomeric candidates for intracellular plasmid DNA delivery
Authors: Al Hoque Ashique , Kannaboina Prakash , Abraham Yeabstega , Mehedi Masfique , Sibi Mukund P. , Quadir Mohiuddin
Published: October 2024

Derived from furan diacrylate, the first examples of biobased gene transfection agents.
Dual nanofiber and graphene reinforcement of 3D printed biomimetic supports for bone tissue repair
Authors: Cojocaru Elena , Oprea Mădălina , Vlăsceanu George Mihail , Nicolae Mădălina-Cristina , Popescu Roxana-Cristina , Mereuţă Paul-Emil , Toader Alin-Georgian , Ioniţă Mariana
Published: October 2024

Replicating the intricate architecture of the extracellular matrix by designing anisotropic biomimetic scaffolds with dual reinforcement of graphene oxide and electrospun nanofibers.
Composite microarc oxidation coatings containing Cu on titanium alloy
Authors: Feng Zaiqiang , Li Chenxi , Xin Chang , Jiang Zhengquan , Yan Zhenwei , Wang Wen , Li Ningning , Tan Zhaojun , Tang Mingqi
Published: October 2024

A soft and hard composite MAO coating containing Cu was prepared on the titanium alloy by adding Cu particles to the electrolyte. Due to the excellent plasticity of Cu, the friction properties of Cu-containing MAO coating were enhanced.
Analytical detection of the bioactive molecules dopamine, thyroxine, hydrogen peroxide, and glucose using CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Divya Puthanveedu , Arjunan Kodompatta P. , Nair Maya , Rappai John P. , Sandeep Kulangara
Published: October 2024

Qualitative and quantitative detection of biologically important molecules such as dopamine, thyroxine, hydrogen peroxide, and glucose, using CsPbBr3 nanocrystals coated paper/glass substrates are discussed.
Strong-field effects in the photo-induced dissociation of the hydrogen molecule on a silver nanoshell
Authors: Koval Natalia E. , Juaristi J. Iñaki , Alducin Maite
Published: October 2024

We demonstrate that high-intensity fields induce multiphoton absorption and ionization, driving hydrogen dissociation on a silver nanoshell. This highlights the need to account for strong-field effects in ab initio modeling of plasmonic catalysis.
Pickering emulsions for stimuli-responsive transdermal drug delivery: effect of rheology and microstructure on performance
Authors: Migliozzi Simona , He Yiting , Parhizkar Maryam , Lan Yang , Angeli Panagiota
Published: October 2024

Elucidating the impact of microgels attributes on the microstructure, rheology and functionality of Pickering emulsions.
Dual solar-driven hydrogen evolution and alcohol oxidation with CdS quantum dot-sensitized photocatalysts prepared by the SILAR methodology
Authors: Nikolaou Vasilis , Romito Deborah , Maheu Clément , Hamon Jonathan , Gautron Eric , Massuyeau Florian , Petit Pierre-Emmanuel , Jobic Stéphane , Odobel Fabrice
Published: October 2024

The first use of the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method to grow CdS quantum dots on TiO2 nanoparticles, achieving efficient photocatalytic alcohol oxidation and H2 evolution without catalysts or sacrificial donors.
Borocarbonitride materials as metal-free catalysts for advanced catalysis
Authors: Wan Yan , Fang Chen , Yang Xu , Liu Jinli , Lin Yangming
Published: October 2024

Borocarbonitride (BCN) materials, as emerging metal-free catalysts, have garnered considerable interest owing to their abundance; their impressive pH tolerance; and the tunable capability of their B, N-doped carbon network and band structures.
AI and ML for selecting viable electrocatalysts: progress and perspectives
Authors: Dmitrieva Anastasiia P. , Fomkina Anna S. , Tracey Chantal T. , Romanenko Elizaveta A. , Ayati Ali , Krivoshapkin Pavel V. , Krivoshapkina Elena F.
Published: October 2024

The rising CO2 levels stress the shift to sustainable sources, with electrolysis as a key technology for CO2 removal and clean fuel. AI and ML advancements optimize electrocatalysts, enhancing water splitting and CO2 reduction efficiency.
Flower-like carbon-confined disordered rock-salt LiVO2 anode with a sandwich structure for fast charging and stable lithium storage
Authors: Shen Sicong , Sun Bing , Bai Xiaomeng , Yang Song , Zhang Dongmei , Pei Cunyuan , Li Pengju , Ni Shibing
Published: October 2024

Flower-like carbon-confined disordered rock-salt LiVO2 anode with a sandwich structure provides abundant heterointerfaces for high-performance lithium storage.
Advancing energy safety via stepwise nucleophilic substitution on tetrazine
Authors: Singh Jatinder , Staples Richard J. , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: October 2024

This study presents a feasible approach to synthesizing hydrazine/nitroamine and amino/nitroamine substituted tetrazine derivatives.
Delivery of liquid metal particles and tanshinone IIA into the pericardial cavity for myocardial infarction treatment
Authors: Fan Linlin , Qu Hua , Wang Bo , Li Hong-zheng , Yang Wen-wen , Guo Hao , Zhang Shan-shan , Long Lin-zi , Liu Yajun , Zhou Gang , Fu Chang-geng , Liu Jing
Published: October 2024

The SA/LM/TA, prepared by liquid metal (LM) and Tanshinone IIA (TA) drugs dispersed into sodium alginate (SA) solution by ultrasonication, can be used for myocardial infarction treatment.
Iodine-substituted hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and activation of derived ceramics for range verification in proton therapy
Authors: Hernández R. Magro , Muñoz-Noval A. , Briz J. A. , Murias J. R. , Espinosa-Rodríguez A. , Fraile L. M. , Agulló-Rueda F. , Ynsa M. D. , Tavares de Sousa C. , Cortés-Llanos B. , López G. García , Nácher E. , García-Tavora V. , Mont i Geli N. , Nerio A. , Onecha V. V. , Pallàs M. , Tarifeño A. , Tengblad O. , Silván M. Manso , Viñals S.
Published: October 2024

Iodine-substituted hydroxyapatite nanomaterials were synthesised via hydrothermal process to use iodine (127I) as a proton radiation reporter with a view in hard tissue phantoms for proton therapy.
Recent advances in phototherapeutic nanosystems for oral cancer
Authors: Pan Qingqing , Tang Haofu , Xie Li , Zhu Huang , Wu Di , Liu Rong , He Bin , Pu Yuji
Published: October 2024

This review discusses phototherapeutic nanosystems for oral cancer, emphasizing diverse drug delivery systems, advanced photodynamic therapy approaches, and combination therapies.
Supercapacitors with enhanced energy storage and hydrogen evolution reaction performance via sequential alkali-modified MXenes
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Mehdi Syed Muhammad Zain , Ali Muzahir , Choi Sung Ryul , Yoo Seojeong , Kim Minwook , Suleman Muhammad , Singh Tej , Seo Yongho
Published: October 2024

This study explores hydrothermal-assisted sequential KOH treatment of MXenes, introducing –O and –OH functional groups. It improves surface area, reduces F-terminations, improves capacitance, cyclic stability, and enhances HER performance.
Advanced thermal/environmental barrier coatings of high-entropy rare earth disilicates tuned by strong anharmonicity of Eu2Si2O7
Authors: Hao Shiqiang , Oleksak Richard P. , Doğan Ömer N. , Gao Michael C.
Published: October 2024

Computational discovery and comprehensive property evaluation of advanced thermal/environmental barrier coatings of high-entropy rare earth disilicates alloys tuned by strong anharmonicity of Eu2Si2O7.
Efficient sensitization of rare-earth-free Mn4+-activated antimonate phosphor: enabling intense far-red emission for agricultural lighting
Authors: Wang Ziyao , Li Yang , Yang Xinyao , Wang Baochen , Mi Ruiyu , Liu Yangai
Published: October 2024

Efficient Mn4+-activated antimonate phosphor for agri-lighting, boosts mustard growth & germination.
Fabrication and challenges for high-efficiency and up-scale perovskite solar modules
Authors: Liao Jingyang , Zhang Xiying , Guo Shuaishuai , Zhang Shaohua , Hu Xiaotian , Chen Yiwang
Published: October 2024

This review aims to provide readers with more comprehensive insights and recent advances in large-area perovskite modules.
Correction: Preparation of phase-pure MgTiO3 microwave dielectric ceramics for GPS antenna application
Authors: Mali Dhananjay , Rajaram Naveenraj , Vehale Ruchita , Shinde Manish , Umarji Govind , Rane Sunit
Published: October 2024

Correction for ‘Preparation of phase-pure MgTiO3 microwave dielectric ceramics for GPS antenna application’ by Dhananjay Mali et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2024, 12, 15101–15111, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TC02724H.
Classification with electromagnetic waves
Authors: Simsek Ergun , Manyam Harish Reddy
Published: October 2024

The integration of neural networks and machine learning techniques has ushered in a revolution in various fields, including electromagnetic inversion, geophysical exploration, and microwave imaging. While these techniques have significantly improved image reconstruction and the resolution of complex inverse scattering problems, this paper explores a different question: Can near‐field electromagnetic waves be harnessed for object classification? To answer this question, we first create a dataset based on the MNIST dataset, where we transform the grayscale pixel values into relative electrical permittivity values to form scatterers and calculate the electromagnetic waves scattered from these objects using a 2D electromagnetic finite‐difference frequency‐domain solver. Then, we train various machine learning models with this dataset to classify the objects. When we compare the classification accuracy and efficiency of these models, we observe that the neural networks outperform others, achieving a 90% classification accuracy solely from the data without a need for projecting the input data into a latent space. The impacts of the training dataset size, the number of antennas, and the location of antennas on the accuracy and time spent during training are also investigated. These results demonstrate the potential for classifying objects with near‐field electromagnetic waves in a simple setup and lay the groundwork for further research in this exciting direction.
TCAD‐enabled machine learning framework for DC and RF performance evaluation of InGaAs sub‐channel DG‐HEMTs
Authors: Moses M Leeban , Kumar R Saravana , Faheem Muhammad , K Ramkumar , Ali K Shoukath , Khan Arfat Ahmad
Published: October 2024

This research presents a machine learning (ML)‐based model that determines the DC and RF characteristics of InGaAs sub‐channel double gate high electron mobility transistors (DG‐HEMTs) to optimize the device structure. We employ technology computer‐aided design (TCAD) simulations to analyze the DC and RF performance of InGaAs sub‐channel DG‐HEMTs, generating a range of datasets by varying the material composition, layer width, and thickness of different layers in the device structure. We then train and optimize support vector regression (SVR) models using 5‐fold cross‐validation, varying the kernel function and degree parameters, and achieve better performance with the radial basis function (RBF) kernel. The simulated results indicate that the ML model predicts physical parameters more effectively than experimental analysis, offering a compact modeling solution that requires fewer computing resources than traditional methods.
A Lévy–Itô decomposition on a class of topological monoids
Authors: Pérez-Cendejas Ulises , Pérez-Suárez Gerardo
Published: October 2024

We investigate a Lévy–Itô formula on a class of topological monoids with a suitable family of characters. This formula generalizes the classical ones for subordinators. Stochastic processes such as classical subordinators, extremal processes, measured-valued processes and the random interlacements model fall into this category.
Phosphatidylserine Topically Attenuates Imiquimod-induced Psoriasis
Through Inﬂammation Inhibition in Mice
Authors: Far Bahareh Farasati , Saffari Partow Mirzaee , Jafari Razieh Mohammad , Goudarzi Ramin , Dehpour Ahmad Reza , Partoazar Alireza
Published: October 2024

Background Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that is associated with
persistent inflammation and skin lesions. Topical therapy has been a promising
approach to the alleviation of psoriasis through the application of
anti-inflammatory agents. Phosphatidylserine (PS) administration has shown
anti-inflammatory effects in the trials. Consequently, the objective of this
study was to evaluate the effects of topical PS on the potential improvement of
an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis model. Additionally, cyclosporine A was
utilized as a comparative anti-psoriatic agent in our study.

Methods The psoriasis model was established by topically applying IMQ to
the dorsal skin of mice once daily for five consecutive days. The efficacy of
topical PS was assessed using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score
to evaluate skin lesions. Subsequently, the skin samples were analyzed using
Baker’s scoring system, Masson’s trichrome staining, immunohistochemistry, and
real-time PCR analysis.

Results IMQ-induced plaque-type psoriasis resulted in a significant
increase (P<0.05) in dermal thickness, hyperkeratosis, PASI score, and
inflammatory cytokines at the lesion site. The topical PS and cyclosporine A
significantly (P<0.05) reduced PASI score and dermal thickness, while
also alleviating erythema and scaling when compared to untreated mice.
Furthermore, biomolecular assessments revealed that PS significantly
(P<0.05) inhibited the gene expression of IL-17, IL-23, and TNF-α
cytokines in the IMQ-induced lesions.

Conclusion Topical PS may pointedly alleviate psoriasis through the
inhibition of inflammation. The beneficial effects of the PS recommend further
investigation in both experimental and clinical studies in the control of skin
psoriasis.
Combined antegrade and retrograde dilation (CARD) for management of complete esophageal obstruction: Multicenter case series
Authors: Hayat Umar , Khan Yakub I , Deivert Duane , Obuch Joshua , Altaf Athar , Boger John , Kamal Faisal , Diehl David L
Published: October 2024

Background and study aims Complete esophageal obstruction (CEO) is a rare complication of radiation therapy for esophageal or head and neck cancers and can be challenging to manage endoscopically. A rendezvous approach by combined anterograde and retrograde endoscopic dilation (CARD) can be used to re-establish luminal integrity in such cases. Our study aimed to review our experience with patients with CEOs managed by CARD.

Patients and methods Six patients who had CARD for CEO were reviewed. The primary outcomes were immediate technical and clinical success of CARD. Secondary outcomes were adverse events (AEs) associated with the procedure and continued dependency on the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)-or jejunostomy tube.

Results The mean age was 59 years (range 38–83). Five patients had CEO secondary to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer, and one patient had complete obstruction secondary to neck trauma. CARD was technically successful in five patients (86%). Two patients had AEs. One had pneumomediastinum requiring no intervention, while the other had bilateral pneumothorax requiring chest tube placement. The median follow-up duration of repeated dilations to maintain liminal patency was 20 months. Four patients had improvement in dysphagia, tolerating oral intake, and mouth secretions after the procedure, with a mean functional oral intake scale (FOIS) score > 3 and an overall success rate of 83%.

Conclusions The CARD approach to re-establish esophageal luminal patency in CEO is a safer alternative to high-risk blind antegrade dilation or an invasive surgical approach. It is usually technically feasible with improved swallowing ability in most patients.
Enhancing Referrals to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program through Clinical Integration of a Standards-Based Decision Support System
Authors: Oliveira Eliel , Hautala Matti , Henry JaWanna , Lakshminarayanan Vidya , Abrol Vishal , Granado Linda , Shah Shashank , Khurshid Anjum
Published: October 2024

Background The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is one of the most successful national programs to reduce poverty and improve health outcomes, but millions of Americans who qualify still do not have access to SNAP, and limited data are available to determine how referrals to the program can be completed successfully.

Objectives We aimed to design and develop a standards-based digital care coordination platform to support closed-loop social services referrals between patients and social and health care providers and demonstrate the feasibility to screen, diagnose, plan, and complete interventions with selected patients in real settings.

Methods We partnered with community members to design the platform through Community Engagement Studios and with a Federally Qualified Health Center, Local Mental Health Authority, and Food Bank to determine the features and workflow requirements of the platform design. We customized currently available systems to use Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) that could exchange information in real time across providers and participants.

Results The platform was successfully demonstrated through a pilot where patients were recruited in clinical settings and referred to a Food Bank that provided SNAP application assistance to study participants. We translated the requirements of the platform to national standards and required workflows of providers and patients. Study participants were notified electronically of the specific steps to follow to complete their SNAP applications while receiving support from specialists from the Food Bank.

Conclusion The pilot demonstrated the feasibility of collecting granular social service referral information that can be used to better address gaps in social care. The pilot also highlighted the importance of further coordination on the usage and harmonization of needs assessment nationally and that current digital systems are still not ready to fully utilize national Social Determinants of Health data standards.
Impact of Pharmacologic Patent Ductus Arteriosus Treatment on Acute Respiratory and Oxygenation Metrics in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Weigner Mara K. , Kausch Sherry L. , Fairchild Karen D. , Sullivan Brynne A.
Published: October 2024

Objective Hypoxemia and respiratory compromise occur in very low birth weight (VLBW, <1,500 g) infants and may be associated with shunting across patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The impact of pharmacologic PDA treatment on acute hypoxemia and respiratory metrics is unclear. This study aimed to determine whether pharmacologic PDA treatment is associated with acute improvement in hypoxemia and respiratory metrics in VLBW infants.

Study Design At a single center (2012–2022), all VLBW infants with echocardiographic evidence of PDA and without exclusions were classified as having received or not received pharmacologic PDA treatment (PDA-T and PDA-NT). Mean daily fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) and Respiratory Acuity Score (RAS, PMID 30374050) were compared at baseline (day 0) and 3 days after the start of treatment. For PDA-T infants with archived 0.5 Hz (every 2-second) oxygen saturation (SpO2) data, mean daily SpO2 and the percentage of time with severe hypoxemia (SpO2 <80%) were compared before and after treatment. Severe hypoxemia was further analyzed after stratification by clinical variables (sex, medication, gestational age, and postnatal age).

Results We analyzed 125 VLBW infants with PDA, of whom 66 received pharmacologic PDA treatment. We analyzed a subgroup of 43 PDA-T infants with every 2-second SpO2 data available. PDA-T infants had higher baseline FiO2 and RAS and lower SpO2 than PDA-NT infants (p < 0.05). Compared to baseline, RAS decreased from a median of 258 (interquartile range [IQR]: 171, 348) to 254 (IQR: 174, 419), 3 days after the start of treatment (p = 0.012), but median FiO2 increased from 37% (IQR: 28, 46) to 40% (IQR: 29, 52; p = 0.008). SpO2 and the percent time with severe hypoxemia were unchanged.

Conclusion In this 10-year, retrospective, single-center analysis, pharmacologic PDA treatment in VLBW infants was not associated with a major improvement in acute measures of oxygenation or level of respiratory support.

Key Points
DXA: New Concepts and Tools Beyond Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Pizza Irene Carmen , Bongiorno Alessia , Pedullà Martina , Albano Domenico , Sconfienza Luca Maria , Messina Carmelo
Published: October 2024

Since its introduction in 1987, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has revolutionized bone assessment, becoming the gold standard for measuring bone mineral density (BMD). Its low radiation exposure and high accuracy have made it indispensable in diagnosing osteoporosis, aligning with World Health Organization criteria. However, DXA evolution extends beyond BMD measurement, with emerging tools like the Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) and the DXA-based Bone Strain Index (BSI). TBS provides insights into trabecular bone architecture, enhancing the prediction of fracture risk. Despite limitations like body mass index correlation, TBS aids in evaluating patients with conditions such as diabetes and glucocorticoid exposure. BSI, introduced in 2019, evaluates bone strength using finite element analysis, complementing BMD and TBS by assessing bone fatigue.

Advancements in DXA-based tools extend to Hip Structural Analysis and three-dimensional DXA software, offering valuable insights into hip fracture risk. Moreover, DXA serves beyond bone assessment, aiding in abdominal aortic calcification assessment, enhancing cardiovascular risk stratification. In summary, the expanding capabilities of DXA promise comprehensive skeletal and cardiovascular health evaluation, contributing significantly to clinical management and prevention strategies.
Trabecular Bone Score to Enhance Fracture Risk Prediction and Treatment Strategies in Osteoporosis
Authors: Gatineau Guillaume , Hans Didier , Hind Karen
Published: October 2024

The Trabecular Bone Score (TBS), a gray-level textural assessment derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry images, serves as a validated index of trabecular bone microarchitecture. Over the past decade, significant evidence has highlighted the usefulness of TBS in primary and secondary osteoporosis, leading to its integration with the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) and bone mineral density (BMD) T-score adjustments. This review explores the role of TBS in fracture prediction, treatment initiation, and monitoring. Studies confirm that TBS enhances fracture risk prediction in both primary and secondary osteoporosis when combined with BMD and clinical risk factors. Evidence also suggests that including TBS alongside BMD and FRAX offers significant potential for treatment stratification, considering the overall skeletal profile, such as bone mass, bone quality, and clinical risk factors. Consequently, TBS has become a standard part of clinical care worldwide. Future enhancements hope to adjust for soft tissue thickness, broadening the applicability of TBS across diverse body types and pediatric populations.
An Evaluation of a Proposed Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) Model of Hearing-Health Care
Authors: Singh Jasleen , Doherty Karen A.
Published: October 2024

Abstract Background The introduction of over-the-counter hearing aids (HA) has resulted in a new hearing-health-care pathway. Purpose The aim of this study was to assess if individuals could navigate four steps in a direct-to-consumer (DTC) HA
delivery model, which include self-identification of hearing difficulties and risk for ear disease, self-selection of device, self-fitting and programming of device, and self-management. Research Design Fifty-two participants self-reported their degree of hearing loss and risk
for ear disease. Participants were provided with three preselected DTC-HA Web sites and asked to select a device. Using the manufacturer's instructions, they then self-fit and programmed the device they chose. Participants' HA use and handling skills were evaluated using the Practical HA Skills
Test-Revised (PHAST-R) and the Measure of Audiologic Rehabilitation Self-efficacy for Hearing Aids (MARS-HA). Real-ear verification was completed to determine how closely they programmed their device to NAL-NL2 targets. Agreement between self-reported degree of hearing loss and ear disease
was determined from an audiological and ear disease risk assessment, respectively. Results Seventy-five percent of participants reported that their perceived hearing loss was in the mild-to-moderate range. Ninety-three percent of participants who were identified to be at risk
for ear disease did not self-report being at risk. PHAST-R scores ranged from 45 to 100% and were significantly impacted by manufacturer instructions. Only 24% of fittings were within the accepted tolerances for prescriptive targets. Conclusions No participant was able to successfully
navigate all four steps in the proposed DTC-HA model. Participants with hearing thresholds ≤ 25 dB HL and participants who were identified as being at risk for ear disease, but did not self-report the risk, both said they would purchase a DTC-HA as a treatment option. Manufacturer
instructional materials can impact setup and programming of a DTC device. DTC models of hearing-health care may require additional consumer support.
Top 10 Clinical Pearls in Inherited Neuropathies
Authors: Patel Ruchee , Mukherjee-Clavin Bipasha
Published: October 2024

The inherited neuropathies are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous collection of neuropathies that neurologists, particularly neuromuscular specialists, must be familiar with. They include Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, which is common yet currently lacks targeted treatment, and hATTRV polyneuropathy, which is rare but has disease-modifying gene therapies. With a focus on emerging new genes and treatments, this article offers a recent update on clinical diagnosis and management of inherited neuropathies.
Routine activities and consumer fraud victimization: findings from a social survey in Chiba Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Suzuki Ai
Published: October 2024

Recently, Japan has been grappling with various forms of consumer fraud. Consumer fraud victimization causes not only monetary losses but also nonmonetary costs such as emotional stress and psychological trauma. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the factors associated with the risk of consumer fraud victimization in order to identify vulnerable groups and implement suitable prevention measures. Consequently, this study aims to analyze the sociodemographic and routine activity factors associated with consumer fraud victimization risk in Japan. Drawing on data from a social survey of residents in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, this study employs a series of logistic regression models. This study demonstrates that while using social networking services is unrelated to respondents’ likelihood of experiencing consumer fraud victimization, the frequency of contacting individuals whom respondents have only met online was statistically linked to increased consumer fraud risk. Additionally, only 10.7 to 31.9% of respondents were aware of the available support services for victims of consumer fraud and related issues. This study proposes that social networking providers could aid in preventing consumer fraud by displaying warning messages when users send messages, alerting them to possible threats.
Computational study of cathode plasma dynamics in high-power electron beam diodes by particle-in-cell simulations
Authors: Luo Wei , Gu Yu , Zhang Jianwei , Qiang Lanpeng , He Li , Tang Baoshan , Wan Quanzhen , Wu Kequan , Guo Yuyao , Xing Shilin , Li Yongdong , Zhang Pengfei
Published: October 2024

Plasma dynamics are essential in high-power electron beam diodes, as they influence the current density and can even cause gap closure because of fast expansion velocity during operation. In this study, the formation and expansion of the cathode plasma in a high-power planar diode has been investigated by particle-in-cell simulations. The results indicate that the expansion velocity of the cathode plasma in the planar diode is ∼2.5 cm/μs operating with a 340 kV peak voltage and 1.5 kA current, which possesses a maximum pressure of 1 Torr pressure and a gas desorption rate of 38 molecules per electron. Moreover, the enhanced emission on the edge causes a faster growth rate of the gas pressure and formation of plasma, which possesses a higher plasma density than other regions. A higher gas desorption rate and total amount of outgoing gas can cause a larger velocity of plasma expansion, and the expansion velocity is proportional to the logarithm of the rising speed of the diode voltage, while the amplitude of diode voltage did not show a clear correlation with plasma velocity. Finally, a combined dependence of the plasma velocity on the gas desorption rate, total gas volume, rising speed of the diode voltage, and diode voltage is concluded. This work provides new insights into the dynamics of cathode plasma in high-power diodes and may be helpful for engineering design.
Stimulated Brillouin scattering in silica optical nanofibers
Authors: Zerbib Maxime , Deroh Moise , Sylvestre Thibaut , Huy Kien Phan , Beugnot Jean-Charles
Published: October 2024

Stimulated Brillouin scattering offers a broad range of applications, including lasers, sensors, and microwave photonics, most of which require strong Brillouin gain within a narrow bandwidth. Here, we experimentally report the first measurement of stimulated Brillouin scattering in silica optical nanofibers from both hybrid and surface acoustic waves. Using a pump–probe technique in the radio frequency domain, we measured a Brillouin gain as high as 15 m−1 W−1 and linewidth to 16 MHz for the L03 hybrid acoustic mode near 9 GHz using a 990-nm diameter nanofiber. This gain is 65 times larger than the highest gain obtained in standard single-mode fibers. In addition, we report a Brillouin gain of up to 5 m−1 W−1 from surface acoustic waves around 5 GHz. We further demonstrate a nanofiber-based Brillouin laser with a threshold of 350 mW. Our results create opportunities for advanced Brillouin-based applications utilizing optical nanofibers.
Readout circuit noise analysis and low-noise design for piezoelectric micro-machined ultrasonic transducers with large parasitic capacitance
Authors: Liu Yinyu , Liu Zihan , Xing Zhanqiang , Ji Weiliang , Gu Ke
Published: October 2024

Readout circuits are fundamental components in many application systems that utilize piezoelectric micro-machined ultrasonic transducers (pMUTs). This study models the noise and signal transfer functions of trans-impedance amplifiers (TIAs), charge-sensitive circuits, and voltage-mode readout circuits in detail. A series of simulations and experiments were conducted to elucidate the advantages and disadvantages of these circuit types. Both theoretical and experimental results indicate that the intrinsic capacitance of large pMUTs can significantly degrade the quality of the readout signal. Furthermore, while the TIA-based readout circuit demonstrates clear gain advantages, it is also susceptible to considerable noise interference. This work proposes an improved readout circuit design that effectively mitigates noise interference while preserving the gain advantages of the TIA architecture. The implemented prototype circuit successfully reduces the noise from 73 mVp-p to 13 mVp-p.