bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NITROGEN ISOTOPIC RATIO OF COMETARY AMMONIA FROM HIGH-RESOLUTION OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF C/2014 Q2 (LOVEJOY)
Authors: Shinnaka Yoshiharu , Kawakita Hideyo
Published: October 2016

The icy materials present in comets provide clues to the origin and evolution of our solar system and planetary systems. High-resolution optical spectroscopic observations of comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy) were performed on 2015 January 11 (at 1.321 au pre-perihelion) with the High Dispersion Spectrograph mounted on the Subaru Telescope on Maunakea, Hawaii. We derive the 14N/15N ratio of NH2 (126 ± 25), as well as the ortho-to-para abundance ratios (OPRs) of the H2O+ ion (2.77 ± 0.24) and NH2 (3.38 ± 0.07), which correspond to nuclear spin temperatures of >24 K (3σ lower limit) and 27 ± 2 K, respectively. We also derive the intensity ratio of the green-to-red doublet of forbidden oxygen lines (0.107 ± 0.007). The ammonia in the comet must have formed under low-temperature conditions at ∼10 K or less to reproduce the observed 14N/15N ratio in this molecule if it is assumed that the 15N-fractionation of ammonia occurred via ion–molecule chemical reactions. However, this temperature is inconsistent with the nuclear spin temperatures of water and ammonia estimated from the OPRs. The interpretation of the nuclear spin temperature as the temperature at molecular formation may therefore be incorrect. An isotope-selective photodissociation of molecular nitrogen by protosolar ultraviolet radiation might play an important role in the 15N-fractionation observed in cometary volatiles.
THE NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES OF NEARBY S0 GALAXIES
Authors: Xiao Meng-Yuan , Gu Qiu-Sheng , Chen Yan-Mei , Zhou Luwenjia
Published: October 2016

We present a study of nuclear activities in nearby S0 galaxies. After cross-matching the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 with the Third Reference Catalog of Bright Galaxies (RC3) and visually checking the SDSS images, we derive a sample of 583 S0 galaxies with the central spectrophotometric information. In order to separate nebular emission lines from the underlying stellar contribution, we fit the stellar population model to the SDSS spectra of these S0 galaxies. According to the BPT diagram, we find that 8% of S0 galaxies show central star-forming activity, while the fractions of Seyfert, Composite, and low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions (LINERs) are 2%, 8%, and 21.4%, respectively. We also find that star-forming S0s have the lowest stellar masses, over one magnitude lower than the others, and that the active S0s are mainly located in the sparse environment, while the normal S0s are located in the dense environment, which might suggest that the environment plays an important role in quenching star formation and/or AGN activity in S0 galaxies. By performing bulge-disk decomposition of 45 star-forming S0s in g- and r-bands with the 2D fitting software Galfit, as well as exploiting the catalog of 2D photometric decompositions of Meert et al., we find that the bulges of approximately one-third of star-forming S0 galaxies (16/45) are bluer than their disks, while for other types of S0s the bulge and disk components show similar color distributions. Besides, the Sérsic index of most star-forming S0s bulges is less than two, while for normal S0s, it is between two and six.
MASS DISTRIBUTION AND BAR FORMATION IN GROWING DISK GALAXY MODELS
Authors: Berrier Joel C. , Sellwood J. A.
Published: October 2016

We report idealized simulations that mimic the growth of galaxy disks embedded in responsive halos and bulges. The disks manifested an almost overwhelming tendency to form strong bars that we found very difficult to prevent. We found that fresh bars formed in growing disks after we had destroyed the original, indicating that bar formation also afflicts continued galaxy evolution, and not just the early stages of disk formation. This behavior raises still more insistently the previously unsolved question of how some galaxies avoid bars. Since our simulations included only collisionless star and halo particles, our findings may apply to gas-poor galaxies only; however, the conundrum persists for the substantial unbarred fraction of those galaxies. Our original objective was to study how internal dynamics rearranged the distribution of mass in the disk as a generalization of our earlier study with rigid spherical components. With difficulty, we were able to construct some models that were not strongly influenced by bars, and found that halo compression and angular momentum exchange with the disk did not alter our earlier conclusion that spiral activity is largely responsible for creating smooth density profiles and rotation curves.
FORMATION OF ANOMALOUS GLOBULAR CLUSTERS WITH METALLICITY SPREADS: A UNIFIED PICTURE
Authors: Bekki Kenji , Tsujimoto Takuji
Published: October 2016

Recent observations have revealed that at least eight globular clusters (GCs) in the Galaxy show internal abundance spreads in [Fe/H]. We investigate the origin of these “anomalous” GCs using numerical simulations of GCs in the dwarfs orbiting around the Galaxy and chemical evolution model of the dwarfs hosting the GCs. The principal results are as follows. GCs formed in a host dwarf galaxy with a total mass of

can merge to form a single nuclear GC before the host is completely destroyed by the Galaxy, if they are massive (

) and if they are formed in the inner region (

pc). The GC merger remnants can capture field stars during its spiral-in to nuclear regions. If two GCs are formed from star formation events separated by ∼300 Myr in their host dwarf, then the new GC formed from GC merging can have a [Fe/H] spread of 0.2 dex and a [Ba/Fe] spread of 0.3 dex. GCs formed from GC merging can show a variety of internal abundance spreads depending on the details of their hosts’ chemical evolution. We suggest that anomalous GCs were formed from GC merging that occurred before the destruction of GC host dwarfs, yet after self-enrichment processes responsible for the observed anti-correlations between chemical abundances of light elements. We also suggest that the observed no/little dependence of [Eu/Fe] on [Fe/H] in the Galactic GC M22 is evidence of massive dwarf galaxies hosting these anomalous GCs.
THE FOSSIL NUCLEAR OUTFLOW IN THE CENTRAL 30 pc OF THE GALACTIC CENTER
Authors: Hsieh Pei-Ying , Ho Paul T. P. , Hwang Chorng-Yuan , Shimajiri Yoshito , Matsushita Satoki , Koch Patrick M. , Iono Daisuke
Published: October 2016

We report a new 1 pc (30″) resolution CS(

) line map of the central 30 pc of the Galactic center (GC), made with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope. We revisit our previous study of an extraplanar feature called the polar arc (PA), which is a molecular cloud located above SgrA*, with a velocity gradient perpendicular to the galactic plane. We find that the PA can be traced back to the galactic disk. This provides clues to the launching point of the PA, roughly 6 × 106 years ago. Implications of the dynamical timescale of the PA might be related to the Galactic center lobe at parsec scale. Our results suggest that, in the central 30 pc of the GC, the feedback from past explosions could alter the orbital path of molecular gas down to the central tenth of a parsec. In the follow-up work of our new CS(

) map, we also find that, near systemic velocity, the molecular gas shows an extraplanar hourglass-shaped feature (HG-feature) with a size of ∼13 pc. The latitude-velocity diagrams show that the eastern edge of the HG-feature is associated with an expanding bubble B1, ∼7 pc away from SgrA*. The dynamical timescale of this bubble is ∼3 × 105 years. This bubble is interacting with the 50 km s−1 cloud. Part of the molecular gas from the 50 km s−1 cloud was swept away by the bubble to

. The western edge of the HG-feature seems to be molecular gas entrained from the 20 km s−1 cloud toward the north of the galactic disk. Our results suggest a fossil explosion in the central 30 pc of the GC, a few 105 years ago.
STAR FORMATION RELATIONS IN THE MILKY WAY
Authors: Vutisalchavakul Nalin , Evans II Neal J. , Heyer Mark
Published: October 2016

The relations between star formation and properties of molecular clouds (MCs) are studied based on a sample of star-forming regions in the Galactic Plane. Sources were selected by having radio recombination lines to provide identification of associated MCs and dense clumps. Radio continuum emission and mid-infrared emission were used to determine star formation rates (SFRs), while 13CO and submillimeter dust continuum emission were used to obtain the masses of molecular and dense gas, respectively. We test whether total molecular gas or dense gas provides the best predictor of SFR. We also test two specific theoretical models, one relying on the molecular mass divided by the free-fall time, the other using the free-fall time divided by the crossing time. Neither is supported by the data. The data are also compared to those from nearby star-forming regions and extragalactic data. The star formation “efficiency,” defined as SFR divided by mass, spreads over a large range when the mass refers to molecular gas; the standard deviation of the log of the efficiency decreases by a factor of three when the mass of relatively dense molecular gas is used rather than the mass of all of the molecular gas.
DM ORI: A YOUNG STAR OCCULTED BY A DISTURBANCE IN ITS PROTOPLANETARY DISK
Authors: Rodriguez Joseph E. , Stassun Keivan G. , Cargile Phillip , Shappee Benjamin J. , Siverd Robert J. , Pepper Joshua , Lund Michael B. , Kochanek Christopher S. , James David , Kuhn Rudolf B. , Beatty Thomas G. , Gaudi B. Scott , Weintraub David A. , Stanek Krzysztof Z. , Holoien Thomas W.-S. , Prieto Jose L. , Feldman Daniel M. , Espaillat Catherine C.
Published: October 2016

In some planet formation theories, protoplanets grow gravitationally within a young star’s protoplanetary disk, a signature of which may be a localized disturbance in the disk’s radial and/or vertical structure. Using time-series photometric observations by the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope South project and the All-Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae, combined with archival observations, we present the discovery of two extended dimming events of the young star, DM Ori. This young system faded by ∼1.5 mag from 2000 March to 2002 August and then again in 2013 January until 2014 September (depth ∼1.7 mag). We constrain the duration of the 2000–2002 dimming to be < 860 days, and the event in 2013–2014 to be < 585 days, separated by ∼12.5 years. A model of the spectral energy distribution indicates a large infrared excess consistent with an extensive circumstellar disk. Using basic kinematic arguments, we propose that DM Ori is likely being periodically occulted by a feature (possibly a warp or perturbation) in its circumstellar disk. In this scenario, the occulting feature is located >6 au from the host star, moving at ∼14.6 km s−1 and is ∼4.9 au in width. This localized structure may indicate a disturbance such as that which may be caused by a protoplanet early in its formation.
THE GEOMETRY OF THE INFRARED AND X-RAY OBSCURER IN A DUSTY HYPERLUMINOUS QUASAR
Authors: Farrah Duncan , Baloković Mislav , Stern Daniel , Harris Kathryn , Kunimoto Michelle , Walton Dominic J. , Alexander David M. , Arévalo Patricia , Ballantyne David R. , Bauer Franz E. , Boggs Steven , Brandt William N. , Brightman Murray , Christensen Finn , Clements David L. , Craig William , Fabian Andrew , Hailey Charles , Harrison Fiona , Koss Michael , Lansbury George B. , Luo Bin , Paine Jennie , Petty Sara , Pitchford Kate , Ricci Claudio , Zhang William
Published: October 2016

We study the geometry of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) obscurer in IRAS 09104+4109, an IR-luminous, radio-intermediate FR-I source at z = 0.442, using infrared data from Spitzer and Herschel, X-ray data from NuSTAR, Swift, Suzaku, and Chandra, and an optical spectrum from Palomar. The infrared data imply a total rest-frame 1–1000 μm luminosity of 5.5 × 1046 erg s−1 and require both an AGN torus and a starburst model. The AGN torus has an anisotropy-corrected IR luminosity of 4.9 × 1046 erg s−1 and a viewing angle and half-opening angle both of approximately 36° from pole-on. The starburst has a star formation rate of (110 ± 34) M
⊙ yr−1 and an age of <50 Myr. These results are consistent with two epochs of luminous activity in IRAS 09104+4109: one approximately 150 Myr ago, and one ongoing. The X-ray data suggest a photon index of Γ ≃ 1.8 and a line-of-sight column density of N
H ≃ 5 × 1023 cm−2. This argues against a reflection-dominated hard X-ray spectrum, which would have implied a much higher N
H and luminosity. The X-ray and infrared data are consistent with a bolometric AGN luminosity of L
bol ∼ (0.5–2.5) × 1047 erg s−1. The X-ray and infrared data are further consistent with coaligned AGN obscurers in which the line of sight “skims” the torus. This is also consistent with the optical spectra, which show both coronal iron lines and broad lines in polarized but not direct light. Combining constraints from the X-ray, optical, and infrared data suggest that the AGN obscurer is within a vertical height of 20 pc, and a radius of 125 pc, of the nucleus.
IROCKS: SPATIALLY RESOLVED KINEMATICS OF z ∼ 1 STAR-FORMING GALAXIES
Authors: Mieda Etsuko , Wright Shelley A. , Larkin James E. , Armus Lee , Juneau Stéphanie , Salim Samir , Murray Norman
Published: October 2016

We present results from the Intermediate Redshift OSIRIS Chemo-Kinematic Survey (IROCKS) for sixteen z ∼ 1 and one z ∼ 1.4 star-forming galaxies. All galaxies were observed with OSIRIS with the laser guide star adaptive optics system at Keck Observatory. We use rest-frame nebular Hα emission lines to trace morphologies and kinematics of ionized gas in star-forming galaxies on sub-kiloparsec physical scales. We observe elevated velocity dispersions (σ ≳ 50 km s−1) seen in z > 1.5 galaxies persist at z ∼ 1 in the integrated galaxies. Using an inclined disk model and the ratio of

, we find that 1/3 of the z ∼ 1 sample are disk candidates while the other 2/3 of the sample are dominated by merger-like and irregular sources. We find that including extra attenuation toward H ii regions derived from stellar population synthesis modeling brings star formation rates (SFRs) using Hα and stellar population fit into a better agreement. We explore the properties of the compact Hα sub-component, or “clump,” at z ∼ 1 and find that they follow a similar size–luminosity relation as local H ii regions but are scaled-up by an order of magnitude with higher luminosities and sizes. Comparing the z ∼ 1 clumps to other high-redshift clump studies, we determine that the clump SFR surface density evolves as a function of redshift. This suggests clump formation is directly related to the gas fraction in these systems and may support disk fragmentation as their formation mechanism since gas fraction scales with redshift.
Protagonismo de las Administraciones públicas en el conocimiento real del Patrimonio Edificado
Authors: Lasagabáster Gómez Juan Ignacio
Published: October 2016

El conocimiento del pasado, de la historia, siempre se verá mediatizado por el filtro de la interpretación subjetiva que cada investigador inevitablemente intercala. En consecuencia, la necesidad de metodologías e instrumentos de análisis, en aplicación del método científico, capaces de minimizar los inevitables componentes subjetivos imbricados en los resultados de las investigaciones se hace, por lo tanto, perentoria. La Arqueología de la Arquitectura se revela como un instrumento de análisis riguroso para la obtención este conocimiento e imprescindible para la investigación sobre la realidad construida. El conocimiento de esta Disciplina y su potenciación por parte de los agentes responsables de la documentación y conservación del Patrimonio Construido (Administraciones y técnicos), será a partir de ahora cada vez más necesaria. Reivindico la necesidad de que las Administraciones públicas exijan de oficio, la aplicación sistemática del método científico en el estudio y documentación de aquél, instaurando la elaboración personalizada de “Biografías histórico-constructivas” sobre cada uno de los Bienes catalogados. Asimismo reclamo el acercamiento de aquella Disciplina al ámbito de los demás agentes manipuladores del Patrimonio: Arquitectos, Restauradores, Técnicos especialistas, Gestores y Usuarios, haciéndola más próxima, más democrática, más evidente.
Dalla stratigrafia all’archeologia dell’architettura. Alcune recenti esperienze del laboratorio senese
Authors: Parenti Roberto
Published: October 2016

L’autore presenta tre delle linee di ricerca sviluppate dal Laboratorio senese, risultato della prassi operativa su alcune centinaia di edifici. La prima è una riflessione sulla complessità del processo di formazione del deposito stratificato, sulle strategie da seguire nell’esecuzione dell’indagine e sulla necessità di un ‘progetto conoscitivo’ preliminare all’indagine stessa. La seconda linea di ricerca affronta lo studio delle malte. L’obiettivo è quello di calibrare gli strumenti che possono essere impiegati per ricorrere all’analisi delle malte nell’identificazione delle attività edilizie. Le malte possono considerarsi come il perfetto fossile guida per le attività dell’edilizia storica, poiché devono essere preparate al momento del loro utilizzo (non possono essere reimpiegate), anche per i più piccoli interventi.

L’ultima parte del contributo tratta della fotografia rettificata, grazie alla quale è possibile simulare un modello virtuale dell’edificio, “ricostruendolo” nelle sue varie fasi costruttive, e attraverso il quale studiare e verificare tutte le operazioni di analisi della struttura materiale.
Santa María de los Arcos de Tricio (La Rioja), Santa Coloma (La Rioja) y La Asunción de San Vicente del Valle (Burgos). Tres miembros de una familia arquitectónica
Authors: Caballero Luis , Arce Fernando , Utrero María de los Ángeles
Published: October 2016

Existe una serie de edificios altomedievales repartidos por las actuales provincias de Álava, Burgos y La Rioja que forman una familia arquitectónica cuyos principales rasgos de parentesco son la cubrición de los espacios absidales con cúpulas en piedra toba apeadas en pechinas y la recurrente reutilización de sillería procedente de fábricas romanas. La adscripción cronológica de los diferentes componentes de esta familia edilicia es sorprendentemente variada. Algunos de ellos son tenidos como obras genuinamente romanas mientras que otros se fechan en época visigoda o incluso más allá. Pensamos que esta disparidad cronológica es históricamente incomprensible. La homogeneidad en las técnicas y resultados tiene que responder a un horizonte cronológico/material igualmente homogéneo que difícilmente puede durar tantos siglos. Nosotros defendemos unas fechas altomedievales (siglos IX-X) para todos los integrantes de este grupo arquitectónico, tanto por razones técnicas como históricas.
Técnicas constructivas, comunidades locales y poderes feudales
Authors: Fernández Mier Margarita
Published: October 2016

En este artículo se realiza un primer acercamiento a las técnicas constructivas presentes en una serie de valles del occidente de Asturias entre los siglos XI-XIII, relacionándolas con el nivel técnico de las comunidades aldeanas en las que se localizan las construcciones y con los poderes feudales que las financian. Esto ha permitido constatar un ambiente técnico muy similar en toda la zona, siendo en la mayoría de los casos obras ejecutadas con técnicas de albañil, restringiéndose los trabajos de cantería a elementos muy concretos dentro de las edificaciones.
Arquitecturas en la Villa de Monleón: Análisis de los Procesos de Repoblación a partir de la Estratigrafía Muraria
Authors: Muñoz García Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2016

La Villa de Monleón fue objeto de excavaciones arqueológicas en el año 1996 con el fin de completar los estudios cara a la restauración de sus murallas. De estas y del estudio estratigráfico murario se derivaron dos fases anteriores a la repoblación de Alfonso IX (1217).
Las casas-torre bajomedievales. Análisis sistémico de un proceso de reestructuración espacial/territorial
Authors: Azkarate Garai-Olaun Agustín , García Gómez Ismael
Published: October 2016

La torre banderiza es uno de los más relevantes elementos del patrimonio construido vasco. Diseminados por toda la geografía de la comunidad autónoma, se pueden encontrar ejemplos representativos de este tipo arquitectónico, característico de una convulsa etapa que se prolongó algo más allá del período de crisis bajomedieval (siglos XIV-XVI). Este trabajo pretende por un lado formular una propuesta interpretativa sistémica e integradora que, partiendo del análisis estratigráfico de las fábricas, muestre el peso específico de esta construcción como elemento de gestión de los recursos del territorio. Pero sobre todo, en las siguientes líneas se hace una decidida apuesta por una forma de entender la investigación histórico-arqueológica.
Un método de prospección en Arqueología de la Arquitectura. La arquitectura medieval «invisible»
Authors: Sánchez Zufiaurre Leandro
Published: October 2016

Propuesta que se encuadra en el estudio de una serie de edificaciones anteriores al románico en la Diócesis de Vitoria, supuestamente inexistentes hasta el momento, en el marco del análisis de las técnicas constructivas medievales del territorio. Para ello se debía contar con una muestra de edificios bien fechados, algo imposible hasta la fecha dado que la historiografía negaba la existencia de iglesias prerrománicas en Álava. Por esto era necesario conseguir una muestra sobre la cual trabajar, para lo que se recurrió a un proceso de selección de edificios en los que se conservaran evidencias anteriores al románico, diseñándose el modelo de prospección que presentamos.
Introducción: ¿Por qué un monográfico sobre las técnicas constructivas?
Authors: Quirós Castillo Juan Antonio
Published: October 2016

En esta introducción se expone la importancia que ha tenido en los últimos años el estudio de las técnicas constructivas en el marco de la construcción disciplinar de las técnicas de construcción. Asimismo se plantean los vectores que han guiado la recopilación de artículos que conforman este monográfico.
Maçonneries murales de brique dans l’Espagne médiévale
Authors: Araguas Philippe
Published: October 2016

Les modalités d’appareillage des murs de brique dans l’Espagne médiévale sont peu variées. Rares sont les murs construits entièrement en brique ; celle-ci est utilisée en appareil de revêtement en combinant disposition «en carreau» et « en boutisse, en opus spicatum ou «ce chant». Parmi les appareils mixtes, l’ «appareil tolédan» est aisément identifiable. Une cartographie diachronique permet de rendre compte de la variation de ces modes d’utilisation de la brique.
La Arqueología de la Arquitectura en el siglo XXI
Authors: Azkarate Garai-Olaun Agustín
Published: October 2016

Tras veinte años de eufórica puesta en marcha de la llamada Arqueología de la Arquitectura, distintas reflexiones llaman la atención sobre su trayectoria futura, preocupadas por las limitaciones de su campo de estudio y por la supuesta pobreza de su aplicación. Al contrario, el bagaje instrumental de la AA y su manera «arqueológica» de ver la cultura construida, como demuestra su rica experiencia, permiten aventurar su apertura a un amplio campo de propuestas epistemológicas.
Análisis estratigráfico en la muralla medieval de Marchena (Sevilla)
Authors: Bellido Márquez Tania
Published: October 2016

En este artículo presentamos la evolución histórica-constructiva que ha experimentado la muralla medieval de Marchena a lo largo de los siglos, partiendo del análisis estratigráfico efectuado en los lienzos más significativos correspondientes a las puertas del conjunto que aún permanecen en pie, así como de los resultados obtenidos en la intervención arqueológica del sector nororiental del recinto de la Alcazaba.
Estudio de las fábricas de ladrillo en Valencia: análisis mensiocronológico y técnicas de acabado (s. XVII-XVIII)
Authors: Cristini Valentina
Published: October 2016

Las técnicas tradicionales de construcción de fábricas de ladrillo empleadas en Valencia, sobre todo a lo largo de los siglos XVII y XVIII, presentan un gran interés específico para la comprensión del tejido construido de la ciudad. Se trata de una época caracterizada por un gran desarrollo de la producción ladrillera autóctona y la difusión respectiva de fábricas económicas, simples y sin necesidad de obreros especializados. Las fuentes consultadas para este estudio, tanto directas como indirectas, han permitido descubrir interesantes aspectos desconocidos, relacionados con la evolución mensiocronológica de los ladrillos, los tipos de juntas y las técnicas de acabado propias del centro histórico de la ciudad.
Extraction of Relevant Terms and Learning Outcomes from Online Courses
Authors: Guitart Isabel , Conesa Jordi , Baneres David , Moré Joaquim , Duran Jordi , Gañan David
Published: October 2016

Nowadays, universities (on-site and online) have a large competition in order to attract more students. In this panorama, learning analytics can be a very useful tool since it allows instructors (and university managers) to get a more thorough view of their context, to better understand the environment, and to identify potential improvements. In order to perform analytics efficiently, it is necessary to have as much information as possible about the instructional context. The paper proposes a novel approach to gather information from different aspects within courses. In particular, the approach applies natural language processing (NLP) techniques to analyze the course’s materials and discover what concepts are taught, their relevancy in the course and their alignment with the learning outcomes of the course. The contribution of the paper is a semi-automatic system that allows obtaining a better understanding of courses. A validation experiment on a master of the Open University of Catalonia is presented in order to show the quality of the results. The system can be used to analyze the suitability of course’s materials and to enrich and contextualize other analytical processes.
Integration and Application of Animation Production Simplification in a VR Virtual Reality Teaching System
Authors: Ji Yuanyuan , Zhang Shengfang
Published: October 2016

This study designed a teaching system based on the animation model, which focuses on VR virtual reality technology and incorporates the improved computer animation modeling technique. The whole system is composed of three main parts, including the front-end animation model, the rear-end background model and the dynamic audio model. In particular, the use of the simplified animation technology makes it easy to operate the system. On this basis, this study followed the idea of comparing experimental teaching to test the results of applying this system in the experimental class and the control class in the course of 3D animation production. The results confirmed that the system has a positive effect in enhancing students’ interest in learning, practical ability, maturity of space cognition and so on.
Balances de agua y calor en la marisma de Doñana
Authors: Ramos-Fuertes A. , Prats J. , Dolz J.
Published: October 2016

Este trabajo expone los principales resultados del estudio de los balances hídrico y térmico de la marisma de Doñana. El estudio se ha basado en una amplia base de datos hidrometeorológicos tomados a intervalos de 10 minutos entre los años 2006 y 2011 por una red de seis estaciones de medida localizadas en áreas no vegetadas de la marisma. Esta información ha permitido caracterizar, a diferente escala temporal, el comportamiento térmico de la marisma mediante la modelización y análisis de los flujos de calor entre el agua y el suelo inundado, así como los procesos de transferencia de calor entre la superficie libre del agua y la atmósfera. Se ha puesto especial atención en la cuantificación de la evaporación, de la que depende en gran medida el proceso de vaciado de la marisma.

 
Simulación numérica de inundaciones en Villahermosa México usando el código IBER
Authors: González-Aguirre J.C. , Vázquez-Cendón M.E. , Alavez-Ramírez J.
Published: October 2016

Las inundaciones son un problema que afecta a muchas partes del mundo, pero en algunos sitios suceden con mayor frecuencia, por ejemplo en Villahermosa México, lo cual se puede constatar con las inundaciones ocurridas en el 2000, 2007, 2009 y 2010. En el presente trabajo se emplea el código IBER (disponible gratuitamente en http://www.iberaula.es) para recrear los escenarios que se presentaron en la planicie tabasqueña en Octubre de 2007 y se comparan los resultados numéricos con los datos obtenidos de la estación hidrometeorológica de Gaviotas reportados por CONAGUA. Los escenarios simulados corresponden a los días 1, 30 y 31 de Octubre. En la simulación del día 1 de Octubre se obtuvo un estado estacionario, el cual se utilizó como condición inicial en las simulaciones de los días 30 y 31 de Octubre, en las cuales se recrean las condiciones del 31 de Octubre en la planicie tabasqueña. Adicionalmente se realiza un análisis de sensibilidad sobre el parámetro de seco mojado y el número de Courant.
Comparative Evaluation of C-reactive Proteins in Pregnant Women with and without Periodontal Pathologies: A Prospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Mannava Padmakanth , Gokhale Sunil , Pujari Sudarshan , Biswas Krishna P , Kaliappan Satish , Vijapure Shashank
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Inflammation of tooth supporting structures is referred to as periodontitis. C-reactive proteins (CRP) levels are usually increased in case of chronic inflammatory process like periodontitis. Association of CRP with pregnancy has been observed in the past, which includes most commonly preterm delivery, preeclampsia, etc. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that CRP may act as a link between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hence, we aim to evaluate the plasma CRP levels in pregnant women with and without periodontal pathologies.

Materials and methods

The study included 210 pregnant women who reported to the hospital with periodontal problems and for routine checkups. All the patients were divided into three groups based on the presence and absence of periodontal pathologies. Russell's Periodontal Index Score was used for the evaluation of periodontal status of the subjects.

Results

While comparing the mean CRP levels in all the three study groups, statistically significant results were obtained. Statistically significant results were obtained while comparing the mean CRP levels in group C patients before treatment and after treatment therapy. The CRP levels were estimated by taking blood samples. Paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance was used to assess the correlation between the two parameters.

Conclusion

Casual association might exist between the CRP levels and periodontal diseases in pregnant women and the CRP levels may also get elevated in pregnant women.

How to cite this article

Mannava P, Gokhale S, Pujari S, Biswas KP, Kaliappan S, V Shashank. Comparative Evaluation of C-reactive Proteins in Pregnant Women with and without Periodontal Pathologies: A Prospective Cohort Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(6):480-483.
Oral Cancer-related Inherited Cancer Syndromes: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Batra Akshit , Yerawadekar Sujata
Published: October 2016

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity, which is usually preceded by a myriad of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). In the classification of OPMDs, inherited cancer syndromes (ICSs) were proposed as one of the categories. Inherited cancer syndromes are genetic disorders in which inherited genetic mutation in one or more genes predispose the affected individuals to the development of cancer and may also cause its early onset. Many of these syndromes are caused by mutations in tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, and genes involved in angiogenesis. General dental practitioners frequently come across OPMDs in their day-to-day practice. It becomes of paramount importance to have knowledge about these rare but prognostically important OPMDs. With this view in mind, in this article, efforts have been made to comprehensively discuss about various ICSs that have higher potential of transformation into oral cancer. The ICSs discussed in this article are xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), ataxia telangiectasia (AT), Bloom syndrome (BS), Fanconi's anemia (FA), and Li–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), with special emphasis on signs, symptoms, and genetic considerations.

How to cite this article

Sarode GS, Batra A, Sarode SC, Yerawadekar S, Patil S. Oral Cancer-related Inherited Cancer Syndromes: A Comprehensive Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(6):504-510.
Rol de la Simulación para la Conformación del Criterio y la Decisión en el Trauma
Authors: Algieri Rubén D , Paglilla Paulo Raul , Ferrante Maria Soledad , Fernandez Juan Pablo , Ugartemendía Juan Sebastián , Donnelly Ernesto
Published: October 2016

Introduccion

Los talleres de simulación han demostrado favorecer el aprendizaje en competencias básicas en la especialidad y lograr un desarrollo psicomotriz, siempre bajo supervisión. Es menester obtener adecuada validación en cuanto a aplicación, seguridad, y mejora de las habilidades. La evaluación que acompaña a la simulación debe realizarse con criterios de reproducibilidad y permanente retroalimentación que se reproduzca en el pensamiento crítico. El objetivo: minimizar los eventos adversos.

Material Y metodo

Retrospectivo, observacional estudiar. Se realizaron entre 06/2013 y 05/2015, talleres de simulación en 11 residentes de cirugía general del Hospital Aeronáutico Central. Se los evaluó permanentemente, considerando guías internacionales, utilizando simulación cognitiva/quirúrgica.

Objetivos

Demostrar la utilidad de la simulación en trauma para la toma de decisiones y el respectivo criterio.

Resultados

Un total de 72.72% de los residentes evaluados participaron en todos los talleres de simulación. y 18.18% había participado en talleres previos. Ante la simulación en un mismo caso, el 90.9% demostró conductas similares, adquiridas previamente y acorde a guías internacionales. En cuanto a habilidades prácticas, se evidenció mejora sustancial en proporción al número de simulaciones realizadas.

Conclusiones

La simulación es una herramienta útil, fundamental en la formación en trauma de los cirujanos. La necesidad de ella, realizada de manera supervisada y con un retroalimentación continuo, debe ser regla en cualquier servicio de cirugía. Los resultados venidos por la utilización de listas de verificación cuya base son normas internacionales de tratamiento fundamentan al cambio y afianzamiento de la normativa que se traduce en criterio al avanzar en la formación son prueba suficiente.

How to cite this article

Paglilla PR, Algieri RD, Ferrante MS, Fernandez JP, Ugartemendía JS, Donnelly E. Rol de la Simulación para la Conformación del Criterio y la Decisión en el Trauma. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2016;5(1):18-25.
Trauma en ancianos – Experiencia de dos hospitales de referencia en Cali, Colombia
Authors: Sánchez Álvaro I , Morales Mónica , Toro Juan S Calle
Published: October 2016

Introducción

El trauma es una causa común de consulta a servicio de emergencia en Cali, Colombia. De todas las consultas a urgencias el 30% representan trauma, siendo la 5 causa de mortalidad. Las características demográficas y el patrón del trauma que reciben los ancianos no han sido profundamente estudiados en países de ingresos medios. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es caracterizar las lesiones relacionadas con trauma en pacientes ancianos e identificar posibles medidas preventivas.

Métodos

Un análisis secundario de la base de datos del registro de la Sociedad Panamericana de Trauma implementado en dos centros de referencia para trauma en Cali, Colombia, durante el periodo 2012-2013. Se incluyeron pacientes de 65 años o mayores. Las variables que se analizaron fueron demográficas, características de las lesiones, score de severidad del trauma (ISS), información clínica al ingreso, e información relacionada con la disposición final del paciente.

Resultados

De 14315 pacientes registrados en la base de datos de trauma, 1372 (10%) eran mayores de 65 años. La edad media de este grupo fue 74 años (DE ± 9.7). Los hombres fueron 723 (53%) de pacientes estudiados. El mecanismo primario de lesión traumática fueron las caídas en 984 (72%) seguido de las relacionadas a eventos de transito en 195 (14%). El 95% de los pacientes tuvieron un ISS<16. Un total de 285 (20%) requirieron como mínimo una cirugía y 261 (19%) fueron transferidos a otro hospital para continuar el manejo medico. La mortalidad de este grupo fue de 81 (6%) pacientes vs 715 (5%) de la mortalidad global. La mediana de estancia hospitalaria fue de 1 día (rango intercuartilico de 1-4).

Discusión

Los pacientes ancianos representan una proporción importante de los traumatizados atendidos en urgencias. La causa más común de estas lesiones son las caídas y los relacionados con eventos de transito. La mayor proporción de los pacientes tuvieron un ISS bajo. Sin embargo, la mortalidad de este grupo etáreo superó a la mortalidad global. Muchos de los pacientes ancianos requirieron cirugía, llevando esto a mayor morbi/mortalidad y gastos económicos elevados. La prevención primaria es necesaria para disminuir el impacto en salud y económico que genera para el sistema de salud.

How to cite this article

Calle Toro JS, Sanchez AI, Morales M, Garcia AF. Trauma en ancianos – Experiencia de dos hospitales de referencia en Cali, Colombia. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2016;5(1):38-42.
Lidar observations of atmospheric internal waves in the boundary layer of
the atmosphere on the coast of Lake Baikal
Authors: Banakh Viktor A. , Smalikho Igor N.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Atmospheric internal waves (AIWs) in the boundary layer of atmosphere have been studied experimentally with the use of Halo Photonics pulsed coherent Doppler wind lidar Stream Line. The measurements were carried out over 14–28 August 2015 on the western coast of Lake Baikal (51°50′47.17′′ N, 104°53′31.21′′ E), Russia. The lidar was placed at a distance of 340 m from Lake Baikal at a height of 180 m above the lake level.A total of six AIW occurrences have been revealed. This always happened in the presence of one or two (in five out of six cases) narrow jet streams at heights of approximately 200 and 700 m above ground level at the lidar location. The period of oscillations of the wave addend of the wind velocity components in four AIW events was 9 min, and in the other two it was approximately 18 and 6.5 min. The amplitude of oscillations of the horizontal wind velocity component was about 1 m s−1, while the amplitude of oscillations of the vertical velocity was 3 times smaller. In most cases, internal waves were observed for 45 min (5 wave oscillations with a period of 9 min). Only once the AIW lifetime was about 4 h.
El empleo femenino desde el hogar. Hacia un análisis comprehensivo de la articulación entre empleo y vida familiar
Authors: Sánchez Mira Nuria
Published: October 2016

Los estudios sobre el empleo de las mujeres han proliferado en las últimas décadas, a menudo bajo una perspectiva que concibe la actividad laboral femenina como independiente de las presencias y ausencias masculinas en la esfera mercantil y reproductiva. Frente a estas aproximaciones, el artículo defiende la necesidad de basarse en la pareja como unidad de análisis de la articulación entre empleo y vida familiar. Tras exponer las reflexiones teóricas que, desde los estudios del trabajo con perspectiva de género, han señalado la idoneidad de situar el hogar como espacio central de análisis de la división sexual del trabajo, se revisan distintas contribuciones empíricas realizadas a nivel internacional incorporando esta perspectiva. A continuación se presenta un estado de la cuestión a nivel español, para finalizar defendiendo la conveniencia de aplicar dicho marco de análisis al estudio del empleo y el cuidado en los hogares, en plena transformación en España.
Attracting Students to the Field of Logistics, Part 1
Authors: Maloni Michael J. , Scherrer Christina R. , Campbell Stacy M. , Boyd Elizabeth
Published: October 2016

Practitioner and academic literature indicate a shortage of young professionals entering logistics, yet limited research exists to understand how to attract more students to the field. To address this gap, we compare survey data of logistics practitioner job characteristics to survey data of expected job values of undergraduate students from seven universities. Based on personality-job fit theory, this study allows us to explore how to better promote the major and field to students as well as to propose recommendations to redesign logistics jobs to better meet student expectations. The results reveal that intrinsic job characteristics desired by students such as learning and seeing the results of their work are prominent in logistics jobs. However, other significant student expectations, specifically long-term job stability and pace of promotions, are not prominent in logistics jobs. The results further reveal that promotional messages about the industry are most effectively communicated to students via family, business professionals, and presence on the Internet more so than by professors and college advisors. Ultimately, this research suggests strategies to increase the number of students both majoring in logistics and entering the professional field to address the workforce shortage.
Patellar Tendinopathy: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Figueroa David , Figueroa Francisco , Calvo Rafael
Published: October 2016

Patellar tendinopathy is a common cause of pain in athletes' knees. Historically, it has been related to jumping sports, such as volleyball and basketball. Repetitive jumping generates a considerable load of energy in the extensor mechanism, leading to symptoms. The main pathophysiologic phenomenon in patellar tendinopathy is tendinosis, which is a degenerative disorder rather than an inflammatory disorder; therefore, the other popular term for this disease, tendinitis, is not appropriate. The nonsurgical treatment of patellar tendinopathy is focused on eccentric exercises and often has good results. Other experimental options, with variable levels of evidence, are available for recalcitrant cases. Surgical treatment is indicated for cases that are refractory to nonsurgical treatment. Open or arthroscopic surgery can be performed; the two methods are comparable, but arthroscopic surgery results in a faster recovery time.
Physicochemical Indices of Ground Water and Their Geoponic Management, in Coastal Odisha, India
Authors: Mishra Siba Prasad
Published: October 2016

Agriculture can not exist without water. At present the old practice of arbitrary use of water in irrigation sector has become unethical. Odisha is an agrarian state in east coast of India. For better yield of crops, quality of water is intricately related to the aquifer geometry, ground water flow regime and its quality. Coastal Odisha is having an area of 14700 sqkm and demography of 1.26 million. The land has mostly water logged alluvial crop land, deciduous forests or sandy dunes with an astomosed channels of hexa-deltaic rivers. The edaphic factors demand improvement of quality of ground water which is brackish. The physicochemical properties like pH value, electrical conductivity, inorganic constituents (Na+, Mg++, Ca++, K+) of ground water used for lift irrigation have been studied. Data from thousand number of wells from the study area are covered in various seasons during the years 2009-2014 along with the yield of the major crop, i.e., paddy. The indices and parameters like EC, SAR, KI, ESP, SSP, MAR, PI and alkalinity of the ground water are determined to show its fitness for irrigation in the area. The different water management policies and present activities are discussed so that the ground water can be used efficiently for irrigation in coastal Odisha.
Integrated Theoretical Model for Employees’ Intention to Participate in Non-Mandatory Trainings
Authors: Sutha Jayaranjani , Kailasapathy Pavithra , Jayakody J. A. S. K.
Published: October 2016

The significance of non-mandatory training is presently being acknowledged across the globe and currently its importance has been raised to a level near to that of compulsory training. However, research evidence indicates that if the training is non-mandatory, employees are generally reluctant to participate in training programs. Yet, a study of the current literature suggests there is no appropriate theoretical framework to predict and explain the motivational and inhibitory factors underlying employee participation in non-mandatory training. This paper addresses this lacuna, drawing from the Adult Learning theory, the Expectancy theory and the Perceived Organizational Support (POS) theory; it argues that the perception of a supportive environment in the organization, the fostering of employees’ dispositional characteristics, job involvement and career motivation, working together enhance employees’ intention to participate in the non-mandatory training programs. Building on this argument further, it is proposed that when the perceived benefit of training is stronger, its effect on employee dispositional characteristics, job involvement and career motivation pertaining to participation in non-mandatory training becomes stronger. Being one of the early attempts at theorizing on employees’ intention to participate in non-mandatory training, this paper hopes to provide an appropriate theoretical foundation for the empirical work in this field, while providing an insight for managers involved in non-mandatory training of employees. 
The Ambivalent State: Determining Guilt in the Post-World War II Soviet Union
Authors: Exeler Franziska
Published: October 2016

In the aftermath of the Second World War, the search for alleged traitors took place in each country that had been under foreign occupation. The most active country in this regard was the Soviet Union. This article analyzes how the Soviet authorities dealt with people who had lived in German-occupied territory during the war. It discusses divergent understandings of guilt, and examines means of punishment, retribution and justice. I argue that inconsistencies in Moscow’s politics of retribution, apart from reflecting tensions between ideology and pragmatism, resulted from contradictions within ideology, namely the belief that the war had uncovered mass enemies in hiding, and the belief that it had been won with the mass support of the Soviet population. The state that emerged from the war, then, was both powerful and insecure, able to quickly reassert its authority in formerly German-occupied areas, but also deeply ambivalent about its politics of retribution.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway in Cutaneous Melanoma: An Updated Review
Authors: Acosta Andres Martin , Kadkol ShriHari S.
Published: October 2016

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is a cascade of protein kinases that act in a sequential and predominantly linear fashion, albeit displaying some cross talk with other signaling cascades. Mutations in proteins integral to the MAPK signaling pathway are present in more than 50% of cutaneous melanomas. The most frequently mutated protein is v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF), followed by neuroblastoma Ras viral oncogene homolog (NRAS). Recently, the development of targeted drugs for the treatment of BRAF-mutant melanoma has led to the widespread implementation of molecular assays for the detection of specific BRAF mutations. There have been some attempts to standardize testing of BRAF mutations, but this has not been achieved so far. Here we provide an updated review on the role of the MAPK signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of cutaneous melanoma, focusing on several different BRAF mutations and their diagnostic and therapeutic implications.