bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methods for the study of adaptation, inclusion and change of identities under conditions of mass migration: development and approbation
Authors: Golovakha Yevhen , Dembitskyi Serhii , Zhuleniova Oksana , Liubyva Tetiana
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this article is to present contributions to the development and testing of sociological tools to study processes of adaptation, inclusion and identities change during periods of large-scale migration triggered by armed conflict. The contribution also implies identifying in the pilot survey opportunities and limitations of these tools. Theories explaining adaptation, social inclusion and identities change were validated in previous works by Nataliia Panina, Yevhen Golovakha and Kateryna Ivaschenko. Internally displaced persons (IDPs) as a group resulting from the combat in Donbas were the target group of the pilot survey. The survey was implemented online and contained sets of questions on identity, social inclusion, adaptation (and problems related to it), social well-being and psychological distress. To verify whether the respondent belongs to the target group some factual and sociodemographic questions were also included. Data were collected using Lime survey web application. The majority of survey forms were submitted via Facebook or via website of Ukrainian Association of Displaced Persons. Factor validity was tested using confirmatory factor analysis based on Diagonally Weighted Least Squares method. For construct validation, the Index of Psychological Distress SCL-9-NR and the Integral Index of Social Well-Being (IISW-20) were used. As a result of testing, it was confirmed that measurement methodologies of social adaptation and identity change satisfy the requirements of factor and construct validity, and thus could be used to study specifics of adaptation and identification of migrants. The same conclusion was made regarding the methodology of passive inclusion. Scale of active inclusion has not shown evidence for construct validity which means that it should be substantially changed basing on the results of the pilot survey.
Experience in applying the methodology for the study of psychological age in Ukraine: influence of psychological age on socio-political orientations
Authors: Mishchenko Mykhailo
Published: August 2020

The paper aims to study the relationship between psychological and chronological age, to identify factors affecting individual's perceptions of their psychological age, to disclose the impact of psychological age on socio-political orientations. The author used methodological approaches developed by Ye. Golovakha and A. Kronіk, who studied psychological age as “a measure of psychological past of personality” and, in particular, established the fact of predominance of psychological age’s undervaluation compared to chronological age. The results of the study carried out by the author in the 2017-2020, confirmed that the relationship between psychological and chronological age, detected in the beginning of the 1980s by Y. Golovakha and A. Kronіk, is resilient in times and under different macrosocial conditions. The author examines juvenile-associated socio-political orientations (orientations which more pronounced in younger age groups compared with older age groups, for example, support for Ukraine's membership in the European Union and NATO). The study shows that commitment to juvenile-associated socio-political orientations is related to change of age identity (when the individual most often seeks to self-identify with a younger age group than one he/she really belongs to). The study shows that youth in contemporary society is a reference age group, to which a significant proportion of members of society strive to be like (in imitation of social behavior and social values). This is due to the fact that in the contemporaneous culture the younger generation is associated with progressive social changes and to the fact that in modern society social success is associated in the mass conscious with youth. According to the study by Razumkov Centre, in all age groups percentage of those that assess their psychological age lower than chronological age increases together with the self-assessment of their welfare and with the level of their life satisfaction. The attitude of respondents to take their psychological age as lower than chronological age is related to the perception of youth as a reference socio-demographic group. Besides, the perception of youth as a reference socio-demographic group contributes to spreading the values and orientations of young people to middle and oldest age groups.
Sociological ideas of Mykyta Shapoval: historical representation
Authors: Lobanova Alla , Petrukhin Serhiy
Published: August 2020

In recent years, Ukrainian scholars have increasingly turned to rethink our history. From oblivion emerge long-forgotten names, those of scientists who in one way or another have influenced the development of national and world science. However, due to the Soviet doctrine, the achievements of these scientists had long been out of the Ukrainian community's attention. One of the striking examples is the legacy of Mykyta Shapoval, which is still poorly researched, but in the conditions of today, it requires an in-depth study. After all, the issue of Ukraine's revival is relevant today, so the return of scientific ideas, of those scientists who spoke about national state formation, remains an important component in choosing the right model of nation-building. The main purpose of the article is to outline the historical representation of the sociological ideas of Nikita Shapoval regarding the role of scientific knowledge, the classification of sciences and the place of sociology among them, basic sociological categories (personality, society, state), as well as to outline perspective directions of the study of its sociological heritage. Based on the materials worked out by M. Shapoval, it was found out that at the initial stage of his creative and public-political activity he was a supporter of Nietzschean While in emigration during 1919–1932, M. Shapoval laid a solid foundation for sociological research in Prague, wherein 1924 he opened the Ukrainian Institute of Social Studies (Ukrainian Sociological Institute). Here he publishes the first textbook of national sociology "General Sociology", as well as the monograph "System of Social Sciences and Sociography (Ethnology)". The authors analyze M. Shapoval’s ideas regarding the classification of sciences, the place of sociology in it and its subject field. They also identify the main scientific approaches that he proposed to explain social phenomena and processes.
The ways of achieving peace in the Donbas: Public attitudes, expectations and concerns
Authors: Bekeshkina Iryna
Published: August 2020

The paper presents the findings of a recent (4–19 November 2019) nationwide survey conducted by the Ilko Kucheriv “Democratic Initiatives” Charitable Foundation jointly with the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology. In total, 2,041 people aged over 18 were questioned about their perceptions of an ongoing armed conflict in the Donbas and views on the possible ways of restoring peace in this territory. For this purpose, a number of questions were asked including a person’s opinion on the main objective of Russian intervention in the Donbas, acceptability (or unacceptability) of some compromises for the sake of establishing peace in this region, the respondent’s attitude towards the withdrawal of military forces, ideas about the political future of the self-proclaimed Donetsk and Luhansk “people’s republics”, etc. The study covered all Ukraine’s regions, except for the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and non-government controlled areas in the East.
Reducing Antibiotic Prescribing in Primary Care for Respiratory Illness
Authors: Kronman Matthew P. , Gerber Jeffrey S. , Grundmeier Robert W. , Zhou Chuan , Robinson Jeffrey D. , Heritage John , Stout James , Burges Dennis , Hedrick Benjamin , Warren Louise , Shalowitz Madeleine , Shone Laura P. , Steffes Jennifer , Wright Margaret , Fiks Alexander G. , Mangione-Smith Rita
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:

One-third of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions for pediatric acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are inappropriate. We evaluated a distance learning program’s effectiveness for reducing outpatient antibiotic prescribing for ARTI visits.

METHODS:

In this stepped-wedge clinical trial run from November 2015 to June 2018, we randomly assigned 19 pediatric practices belonging to the Pediatric Research in Office Settings Network or the NorthShore University HealthSystem to 4 wedges. Visits for acute otitis media, bronchitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, and upper respiratory infection for children 6 months to <11 years old without recent antibiotic use were included. Clinicians received the intervention as 3 program modules containing online tutorials and webinars on evidence-based communication strategies and antibioti c prescribing, booster video vignettes, and individualized antibiotic prescribing feedback reports over 11 months. The primary outcome was overall antibiotic prescribing rates for all ARTI visits. Mixed-effects logistic regression compared prescribing rates during each program module and a postintervention period to a baseline control period. Odds ratios were converted to adjusted rate ratios (aRRs) for interpretability.

RESULTS:

Among 72 723 ARTI visits by 29 762 patients, intention-to-treat analyses revealed a 7% decrease in the probability of antibiotic prescribing for ARTI overall between the baseline and postintervention periods (aRR 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90–0.96). Second-line antibiotic prescribing decreased for streptococcal pharyngitis (aRR 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50–0.87) and sinusitis (aRR 0.59; 95% CI, 0.44–0.77) but not for acute otitis media (aRR 0.93; 95% CI, 0.83–1.03). Any antibiotic prescribing decreased for viral ARTIs (aRR 0.60; 95% CI, 0.51–0.70).

CONCLUSIONS:

This program reduced antibiotic prescribing during outpatient ARTI visits; broader dissemination may be beneficial.
Management of Valvular Disease During Pregnancy: Evolving Role of Percutaneous Treatment
Authors: Fraccaro Chiara , Tence Noemie , Masiero Giulia , Karam Nicole
Published: August 2020

Valvular heart disease (VHD) is encountered in approximately 1% of pregnancies, significantly increasing both maternal and foetal risk. Rheumatic VHD remains the most common form in non-Western countries, whereas congenital heart disease dominates in the Western world. The risk of complications varies according to the type and severity of the underlying VHD. Moreover, pregnancy is a hypercoagulable state associated with increased risk of thromboembolism. The authors review the main VHDs encountered during pregnancy, and suggest management strategies based on the 2018 European Society of Cardiology recommendations for the management of pregnant women with VHD, providing an overview of classical and new transcatheter structural therapeutic options with a special focus on radiation exposure and anticoagulation drug management.
Intraventricular Conduction Disturbances After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Lin Shu-I , Miura Mizuki , Tagliari Ana Paula , Lee Ying-Hsiang , Shirai Shinichi , Puri Rishi , Maisano Francesco , Taramasso Maurizio
Published: August 2020

Despite significant improvements in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) outcomes, periprocedural conduction disturbances, such as new-onset left bundle branch block (LBBB) and new pacemaker implantation (PMI), remain relatively frequent concerns. The development of periprocedural conduction disturbances can be explained by the proximity between the aortic valve and the conduction system. Although prior studies reported heterogeneity in PMI rates after TAVI, current evidence supports the potentially deleterious consequence of LBBB and PMI, and several predisposing factors have been reported. Therefore, new strategies to avoid conduction disturbances and to improve their management are required, particularly with the current trend to expand TAVI to a low-risk population.
Mujeres y coca: una relación agridulce
Authors: Parada Hernández María Mónica , Marín Jaramillo Margarita
Published: August 2020

Por varias décadas Colombia ha sido uno de los principales productores de hoja de coca en el mundo, lo que en parte explica que miles de familias campesinas deriven su sustento de la producción de estos cultivos. En este artículo mostramos cómo la economía cocalera, a pesar de su carácter ilícito, genera condiciones que facilitan el acceso de las mujeres a recursos productivos y al mercado laboral remunerado, lo que explica que la condición de género no sea una barrera tan alta para su participación en la cadena productiva. Exploramos también el impacto que tiene dicho fenómeno para la autonomía económica de las mujeres campesinas. Esta investigación se realizó con base en una encuesta con usuarios del Programa Nacional Integral de Sustitución de Cultivos de Uso Ilícito y con trabajo de campo en el municipio de Puerto Asís, Putumayo, una de las principales zonas de producción de cultivos ilícitos en el país.
La paz narcotizada: decisiones, presiones y diseño institucional del Programa Nacional Integral de Sustitución de Cultivos de Uso Ilícito
Authors: Acero Vargas Camilo , Parada Hernández María Mónica , Machuca Pérez Diana Ximena
Published: August 2020

Como parte de la solución al problema de las drogas, el Acuerdo de Paz entre el gobierno colombiano y la guerrilla de las Farc contempló la creación de una política para la sustitución de cultivos de uso ilícito en su punto 4. En este artículo hacemos un rastreo detallado del proceso de toma de decisiones y los debates políticos que condujeron al diseño de esta política. Argumentamos que el contenido del punto 4 del acuerdo fue contradictorio porque pretendió hacer compatibles dos estrategias distintas para afrontar el problema: construcción de Estado y transformación de territorios cocaleros, y “guerra contra las drogas”. Más tarde, con el incremento de las presiones políticas internas y externas por el aumento de cultivos ilícitos, el gobierno y las Farc redefinieron la política. Con el afán de mostrar resultados en la reducción del área sembrada con coca, optaron por dejar de lado la apuesta de largo aliento de la transformación territorial y privilegiar la inmediatez en la disminución de cultivos ilícitos. Así, la política se tornó insostenible.
#Paro21denoviembre: un análisis de redes sociales sobre las interacciones y protagonistas de la actividad política en Twitter
Authors: Rodríguez Rojas Sergio Andrés
Published: August 2020

El Paro Nacional del 21 del noviembre representó un punto de inflexión, tanto en las calles como en las redes. Esta investigación se propone comprender la composición de los grupos que participaron el primer día de la protesta desde Twitter, así como determinar los patrones de interacción en línea que tuvieron los usuarios de la plataforma digital. Por tanto, este artículo primero hace un breve repaso teórico sobre la relación política- internet. En el segundo apartado, explica el método escogido para la investigación: Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS). En tercer lugar, expone el procedimiento de recolección de los datos. En el cuarto apartado, se expone la forma en la que se realizó el grafo. Enseguida, se analiza el gráfico de redes que se obtuvo. Finalmente, se concluye con una serie de reflexiones sobre las posibles interpretaciones políticas aplicadas al escenario colombiano.
Los líderes sociales en la agenda digital de los congresistas colombianos: entre la corrección política y la denuncia directa
Authors: Cárdenas Ruíz Juan David , Roncallo-Dow Sergio , Cruz-González María Catalina
Published: August 2020

Este estudio buscar identificar la relevancia que tiene la problemática de los líderes sociales en la agenda digital de los congresistas colombianos en la plataforma Twitter. Aquellos que abordaron el tema, en los primeros cien días del gobierno de Iván Duque, tienen una postura política de izquierda y centro-izquierda, contraria a la del gobierno presente. Se identificó un patrón relativamente mayoritario que privilegia opiniones o informaciones de terceros a través de retweets. Igualmente se evidencia que, aunque se habla del tema, predomina un cierto grado de corrección política con relación a los patrones de victimización y a la atribución de responsabilidades.
Poderes en movimiento: movilización social y modulación del territorio. El caso del municipio de Cajamarca (Tolima)
Authors: Vela Murillo Norma Patricia
Published: August 2020

Este artículo expone cómo el surgimiento y el despliegue de un movimiento social en contra del modelo de desarrollo extractivista modula un territorio. A partir de la minería de datos, del trabajo etnográfico y el análisis del conflicto territorial presente en el municipio de Cajamarca (Tolima), se discute sobre cómo la movilización social funge como columna vertebral en la interpelación a las lógicas estatales del gobierno colombiano en torno a la construcción de país desde la otredad. De esta manera, el capital cognitivo y las capacidades que tienen los diversos actores sociales de cooperar en el marco de la movilización no se agotan en ésta y, están en constante juego a partir de la superposición de instituciones y la negociación de poderes.
El paro cívico de 2017 en Buenaventura, Colombia. Protesta social y transformación del poder político
Authors: Jaramillo Marín Jefferson , Parrado Pardo Érika Paola , Mosquera Camacho Daniela
Published: August 2020

Colombia es un país con variadas expresiones de protesta social a lo largo de su historia. Una muy reciente fue el Paro Cívico ocurrido entre el 16 de mayo y el 6 de junio de 2017 en Buenaventura (Colombia). Este artículo analiza las particularidades de este Paro, entendiéndolo como un momento de inflexión para el territorio y las comunidades por la coyuntura crítica en la que aconteció, el modelo de negociación y los escenarios de diálogo que propició, el movimiento ciudadano que lo apalancó, así como por la transformación del poder político local que pudo haber impulsado, cuya primera evidencia son los resultados de la contienda electoral de octubre de 2019. Estas reflexiones derivan de la revisión y análisis de fuentes documentales y de campo que hacen parte de dos proyectos de investigación, uno en ejecución (2019-2021) y otro finalizado (2016-2019).
¿Violenta y desordenada? Análisis de los repertorios de la protesta social en Colombia
Authors: Barrera Víctor , Hoyos Carlos
Published: August 2020

El ciclo reciente de protestas sociales en Colombia ha puesto en el centro del debate la necesidad de emprender ajustes institucionales encaminados a brindar mayores garantías a un derecho fundamental que cada vez más ciudadanos están dispuestos a ejercer. No obstante, la respuesta de las autoridades ha ido en contravía de este clamor. Bajo el supuesto que toda protesta es violenta y desordenada, varios tomadores de decisión han formulado iniciativas que endurecen aún más la respuesta estatal. En este artículo, evaluamos la validez de este supuesto. A partir de un modelo de regresión multinomial que toma una muestra de 22.167 eventos de protesta registrados entre 1975 y 2016, se analizan las variables que influyen en el uso de unos repertorios sobre otros. Los resultados muestran que la violencia es una táctica marginal y que la probabilidad de que sea usada está asociada a pocas variables en las que la presencia de los grupos armados ilegales no parece tener mayor relevancia.
Las ideologías y movilizaciones políticas del Uribismo y Petrismo: dos Colombias distintas
Authors: Kajsiu Blendi
Published: August 2020

Aunque el Uribismo y el Petrismo son los dos proyectos más importantes en la derecha e izquierda colombiana, respectivamente, no existen estudios académicos que comparen sus ideologías y movilizaciones sociales. Este artículo propone llenar este vacío comparando la dimensión ideológica de cada proyecto y el apoyo electoral que reciben entre diferentes estratos sociales. A tal fin, utilizo un marco teórico para el análisis de ideologías desarrollado por Michael Freeden (1996) y los resultados electorales de la segunda vuelta de las elecciones presidenciales de 2018 en las tres ciudades principales de Colombia, Bogotá, Medellín y Cali. El hallazgo central de esta investigación es que mientras el Uribismo es un proyecto político neoconservador, que combina la ideología conservadora y neoliberal, recibe más apoyo entre los estratos altos (5 y 6), el Petrismo articula una ideología populista socialdemócrata que recibe más apoyo entre los estratos bajos (1 y 2).
El rol femenino en el mercado laboral y el desempleo en Colombia
Authors: Cataño Cadavid Kathleen , Diaz Gonzalez Natalia , Rodriguez Torres Julieth
Published: August 2020

 En el presente artículo trabajamos respecto al desempleo que presentan las mujeres en Colombia, y en cuáles ciudades es más evidente este fenómeno, gracias a una serie de aspectos que hoy en día se siguen manteniendo. Se realiza una investigación de tipo cualitativo con el fin conocer cuál es la realidad que afrontan las mujeres en el mercado laboral colombiano. 

Además, se evidencia la falta de oportunidades laborales debido al hecho de ser mujer y la desigualdad que hay por ello, ya que terminan convirtiéndose en un costo a largo plazo para las empresas, en dado caso de quedar en embarazo. Sin olvidar que el estado civil también se convierte en un factor determinante a la hora de la contratación del personal femenino dentro de las organizaciones y la diferencia salarial que se mantiene por solo ser mujer. 
Inestabilidad laboral: el impacto del desplazamiento forzado en Colombia
Authors: Sabogal Rodríguez Andrés Felipe , Fajardo Cosma Daniel Esteban , Ortegón Cañón Julián Danilo , Venegas Camargo Allynson
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo expone las principales situaciones que afectan directamente al sector laboral colombiano, específicamente en la inestabilidad que existe actualmente, una problemática que inquieta significativamente a la calidad de vida de los trabajadores y sus familias, mediante el análisis de las diferentes posturas que se encuentran entorno a esta problemática, con el fin de determinar cómo incide el desplazamiento forzoso en el mercado laborar y por consiguiente en la economía del país. 

Se investiga a profundidad básicamente preguntándonos ¿quiénes? ¿cómo? Y ¿por qué? Son actores responsables y de qué manera lo han hecho, de alguna forma el objetivo de este documento argumentativo, radica en identificar cuáles son las razones por las cuales existe una inestabilidad laboral y cómo ha evolucionado al pasar de los días, a su vez, basados en datos estadísticos nacionales y juicios de valor fundamentados, ofrecemos nuestra tesis que puede ser observada y analizada por el lector, para que cree el mismo su posición como un actor social activo que contribuye al fortalecimiento de la sociedad. 
Prevalência, tratamento e controle da hipertensão arterial com método diferenciado de busca ativa
Authors: Menezes Thiago de Castro , Portes Leslie Andrews , Silva Natália Cristina de Oliveira Vargas e
Published: August 2020

Resumo Introdução A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) atinge cerca de 30% da população adulta, sendo o maior fator de risco para lesões cardíacas e cerebrovasculares, e a terceira causa de invalidez. Objetivo Determinar a prevalência de indivíduos com HAS e os níveis de conhecimento, tratamento e controle da doença, por meio de um método diferenciado de busca ativa. Método Realizou-se estudo transversal, de base populacional, com amostra representativa composta por 409 indivíduos adultos, na área de abrangência de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde com Estratégia de Saúde da Família, na periferia da zona sul da cidade de São Paulo. As visitas domiciliares compreenderam medidas antropométricas e de pressão arterial (PA), além da aplicação de um questionário sociodemográfico. Resultados A prevalência de HAS na população foi de 42,5%. A maior parte dos indivíduos hipertensos (94%) tinha conhecimento da doença, 95% deles faziam tratamento e 48% apresentavam PA controlada. Foram identificados 45 novos casos de HAS, desses, 77% foram encontrados em horário diferenciado (domingos das 10 às 16h), representando 27% dos hipertensos. Conclusão O método diferenciado mostrou-se eficiente como estratégia de busca ativa para novos casos de HAS em locais onde ainda existe aparente subnotificação.
Bats and COVID-19: villains or victims?
Authors: Pereira Maria João Ramos , Bernard Enrico , Aguiar Ludmilla M. S.
Published: August 2020

Abstract Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, bats are being pointed as responsible for its origin, even without solid scientific evidence. In this opinion piece, we discuss the most updated information on bats and COVID-19 and argue that bats should not be blamed for a disease they are not responsible for. Bats should be seen not as dangerous animals but, instead, as sources of several scientific insights useful for human health.
Feminismo De(s)colonial como Feminismo Subalterno Latino-Americano
Authors: Ballestrin Luciana
Published: August 2020

Resumo No presente artigo argumento que o feminismo de(s)colonial pode ser entendido como um feminismo subalterno, inclusive na trajetória dos feminismos latino-americanos. Ao mobilizar um discurso crítico à modernidade e à colonialidade, inclusive dentro do próprio movimento feminista, o feminismo de(s)colonial se insere em uma história mais ampla do feminismo terceiro-mundista que antecipou aquilo que chamo de paradoxo da representação feminista. Sugiro que o debate feminista de(s)colonial seja compreendido em sua complexidade teórica e prática, argumentando que sua novidade e distinção reside na construção e na articulação da ideia de descolonização como utopia política de diferentes feminismos subalternos latino-americanos nas duas últimas décadas.
Soybean (Glycine max L.) seed quality treated with timbó (Magonia pubescens A.St.-Hil) seed coat
Authors: Silva Ana Mayra Pereira , Correa Amanda Ribeiro , Arantes Cárita Rodrigues de Aquino , Guimarães Rosiane Alexandre Pena , Coelho Maria de Fátima Barbosa , Camili Elisangela Clarete , Kobayasti Leimi
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of timbó seed coat on the physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds. Timbó seeds were collected from mature fruits in the Cerrado. The external layer of the seed coat was removed and crushed in a mill and used in the treatment of soybean seeds. Three lots of soybean seeds were used, from high, medium and low vigor seeds. The treatments were: powder; gel; hydroalcoholic extract; synthetic fungicide (Vitavax® - Thiram 200 sc), and untreated seeds. The physiological quality of the soybean seeds was determined by standard germination, accelerated aging, length, fresh and dry mass of seedlings. Blotter test was used to determine the sanitary quality. The statistical analyze used was a completely randomized 3 × 5 factorial design, considering three seed lots and five treatments. Treatment with the coat seed extract and gel improves the physiological quality of soybean seeds from low vigor lots. The treatment of seeds with gel decreases the incidence of Fusarium and Penicillium genus; and treatment with the powder reduced the incidence of the Cercospora genus.
Arthropods associated with young orchard of pecan in southern Brazil
Authors: Boscardin Jardel , Costa Ervandil Côrrea , Fleck Marciane Danniela , Silva Jéssica Maus da , Schoeninger Karine , Delabie Jacques Hubert Charles
Published: August 2020

RESUMO: A produção mundial de noz-pecã Carya illinoinensis (Juglandaceae) é liderada pelos Estados Unidos. No Brasil, em especial no Rio Grande do Sul, houve uma expansão da área plantada com a cultura nos últimos anos. No entanto, faltam pesquisas relacionadas à entomofauna associada à noz-pecã, bem como práticas culturais que auxiliem no Manejo Integrado de Pragas, mesmo havendo uma expansão da cultura. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar a fauna de artrópodes na copa de plantas de C. illinoinensis, submetido a diferentes manejos de solo, em Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para tanto, utilizou-se delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com cinco blocos e quatro tratamentos: plantio em cova pequena, com 20 × 60 cm (Sp); utilização de subsolador mais grade niveladora e cova pequena (Ssp); utilização de enxada rotativa e cova pequena (Tsp); e plantio em cova grande, com 40 × 60 cm (Lp). De novembro de 2014 a maio de 2015, foram coletadas 7.617 espécimes nas copas de árvores jovens de nogueira-pecã. Foram identificados 150 grupos taxonômicos, sendo Coleoptera a ordem com maior riqueza de espécies. Monellia caryella (Hemiptera: Aphididae) apresentou elevada densidade. Foram registrados os inimigos naturais himenópteros parasitoides e Coccinellidae. Conclui-se que a artropodofauna em copas de plantas jovens de nogueira-pecã apresenta diversidade similar entre os tratamentos e predomínio de M. caryella nas áreas avaliadas.
Social control in basic sanitation at Guarulhos (SP): the Municipal Council of Urban Policies
Authors: Paz Mariana Gutierres Arteiro da , Fracalanza Ana Paula
Published: August 2020

Abstract Water supply and sanitation sector in Brazil has a centralized background. The Federal Law no.11.445, in 2007, brings the possibility of participation and social control on sector; and mechanisms to decentralized decision-making and to include several sectors on water supply and sanitation sector for integrative governance. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate incorporation of water supply and sanitation on Municipal Council of Urban Policy in Guarulhos, SP, between 2015 and 2017; and to evaluate social participation according to environmental justice and water governance. This research focuses on Council´s meetings. The studied Council did not deal with basic sanitation actions, even at a time of water supply crises, and was mainly based on issues related to the revision of the Municipal Master Plan. The imposition of social control of water supply and sanitation did not contribute to the social construction of the process.
SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION FROM A STRATEGIC ACTION FIELD PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Pagotto Érico Luciano , Gonçalves-Dias Sylmara Lopes Francelino
Published: August 2020

Abstract This article analyzes the process of construction of public policies of sustainable production and consumption in Brazil after the country joined the Marrakesh Process in 2003. Based on the strategic action fields perspective, we analyze the emergence of this field, its characteristics and their status through the collective action of their main social actors, their actions, interests and disputes. Empirical material for analysis included plans developed during the period, minutes of the meeting, documents submitted to the public consultation, responses provided by civil society after the consultation, as well as in-depth interviews. Evidence shows that a series of obstacles have been delaying further advances of the politics of sustainable production and consumption due to disputes between incumbents and challengers.
Diseño y validación de un cuestionario sobre percepción de igualdad en el mundo laboral *
Authors: Axpe Inge , Subinas Ainhoa , Berciano Ainhoa
Published: August 2020

Resumen En la actualidad son muchos los trabajos de investigación que demuestran que, desde la perspectiva de género, nos encontramos aún muy lejos de haber alcanzado la igualdad en el ámbito laboral, y que queda aún mucho trabajo por delante para que ésta pueda llegar a ser efectiva. Sin embargo, en nuestro entorno, y especialmente entre la juventud, prevalece una falsa percepción de que dicha igualdad laboral ya ha sido alcanzada. Con el fin de valorar el grado de esta percepción que tienen las y los jóvenes actuales, en el presente artículo mostramos el diseño teórico y validación de un cuestionario que mide las relaciones laborales desde cinco ámbitos distintos: jerarquía, roles y dinámicas grupales, naturalización, adecuación a los tipos de trabajo y líneas estratégicas.
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND SELF EFFICACY BEFORE AND AFTER TEACHING BASIC LIFE SUPPORT TO SCHOOLCHILDREN
Authors: Monteiro Maria de Lurdes Rovisco Branquinho Pais , Ferraz Ana Isabel Borges , Rodrigues Fernanda Maria Pereira
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: Teaching basic life support to schoolchildren is well established as one of the most effective strategies in increasing bystander CPR rates. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence concerning the Portuguese pediatric population. The present study aims to evaluate the outcome of a basic life support training session on theoretical knowledge and self-efficacy, immediately after the training and 6 months later, in a pediatric population. Methods: A total of 392 schoolchildren, aged seven to 12 years old, participated in this prospective longitudinal study, answering a questionnaire before, immediately after, and six months after receiving 120 minutes of resuscitation training from medical students. Results: There was a significant increase in the knowledge and self-efficacy after one single training session. Both decreased over a period of six months but remained significantly higher than the baseline. These results were homogeneous across classes. Conclusions: Medical students provided adequate basic life support training to a group of Portuguese schoolchildren, with effects in the knowledge and self-efficacy lasting for at least six months.
PESQUISA-AÇÃO NA FORMAÇÃO EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: PROMOÇÃO DO TRABALHO COLABORATIVO
Authors: Avila Luciana Toaldo Gentilini , Frison Lourdes Maria Bragagnolo , Simão Ana Margarida Veiga
Published: August 2020

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as potencialidades da pesquisa-ação, ancorada na autorregulação da aprendizagem, na promoção do trabalho colaborativo entre estagiários de um curso de Educação Física. Participaram 12 estagiários de um curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física de uma Universidade pública brasileira, os quais fizeram parte de um grupo de pesquisa-ação. A formação desse grupo teve a intenção de proporcionar aos estagiários investigarem a prática pedagógica e buscarem soluções aos desafios identificados nos estágios. Foram utilizadas para a coleta de dados: entrevistas, estimulação da recordação, perguntas detonadoras e discussões registradas em um grupo virtual. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo com apoio do software Nvivo-10. A partir dos resultados, identificou-se que a pesquisa-ação, alicerçada na autorregulação da aprendizagem, promoveu o aprender a trabalhar de forma colaborativa e proporcionou aos estagiários a autorregulação das suas ações para aprender a ser professor nos estágios.
Silenciamentos sobre gênero na historiografia brasileira: Inquisição e feitiçaria na América portuguesa
Authors: Reis Marcus Vinicius , Cargnelutti Camila Marchesan
Published: August 2020

RESUMO Desde a publicação de A feiticeira, de Jules Michelet, o campo de estudos referente ao fenômeno da caça às bruxas ganhou maior evidência entre os pesquisadores e, principalmente, uma profundidade analítica marcada pela diversidade de interpretações, posicionamentos e argumentos teóricos. Em contrapartida, ao tratar do contexto de renovação das pesquisas sobre a feitiçaria no Brasil, destacando, por exemplo, os “estudos sobre gênero e sexualidade [que] também imprimiu sua marca sobre o tema da feitiçaria”, Laura de Mello e Souza referenciou, em 2009, somente pesquisas estrangeiras. Destacou, por exemplo, as análises de Linda C. Hults, publicadas em The Witch as Muse. Este artigo pretende, assim, problematizar a produção historiográfica brasileira acerca da feitiçaria e da religiosidade, destacando as principais vertentes, teorias e metodologias utilizadas pelos historiadores. Busca-se questionar, a partir de algumas críticas tecidas por pesquisadoras do gênero vinculadas ao tema da caça às bruxas, até que ponto a historiografia no Brasil tem se atentado para as relações de gênero como aspecto fundamental para a compreensão desse objeto de estudo.
Turtles, indians and settlers: Podocnemis expansa exploitation and the Portuguese settlement in eighteenth-century Amazonia
Authors: Santos Christian Fausto Moraes dos , Fiori Marlon Marcel
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT During the eighteenth century, Portuguese settlers in Amazonia captured thousands of turtles and crushed millions of their eggs. These turtles, especially the Giant South American River Turtle (Podocnemis expansa), gave these settlers two essential resources: meat and oil. Though there is a rich historiography on turtle hunting, important social and environmental dimensions of the practice in Amazonia during the colonial period have been overlooked. In this paper we focus on how turtles played a key role in the diet and domestic needs of Portuguese settlers in the Amazon rainforest and explore the shape and magnitude of colonialism’s impact on these animals. The turtles became prime targets for Portuguese settlers because they were abundant and had characteristics and behavior that made them easy prey. Though P. expansa did not become extinct, Portuguese hunting had enduring impacts on their distribution and abundance that merit consideration.
Situação sanitária e o uso da água do Igarapé Santa Cruz, município de Breves, Arquipélago de Marajó, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Marques João Raimundo Alves , Nunes-Gutjahr Ana Lúcia , Braga Carlos Elias de Souza
Published: August 2020

RESUMO O estudo teve por objetivo verificar e avaliar a situação sanitária e o uso e qualidade das águas do Igarapé Santa Cruz, no município de Breves, Pará. Para obtenção dos dados, aplicou-se um questionário que abordou o uso das águas e as condições sanitárias dos moradores às margens do igarapé. Também foi realizada a coleta de água para as análises bacteriológica e dos parâmetros físico-químicos, em quatro pontos do igarapé, nos quais foram feitas duas medições para cada parâmetro a ser analisado, sendo uma na baixa-mar e outra na preamar, em agosto de 2017. Foi aplicado o teste de correlação de Pearson entre as variáveis físico-químicas e bacteriológicas, por meio do software Bioestat 5.3. Entre as 257 famílias entrevistadas, 175 (68,09%) utilizavam a água do igarapé para o uso doméstico, 106 (41,24%) afirmaram que a principal atividade de lazer das crianças é a recreação nas águas e 35 (13,62%) famílias despejam seus dejetos fecais direto no local. O valor médio de oxigênio dissolvido foi de 2 mg/L na maré baixa e de 4,1 mg/L na maré alta. Os valores médios do pH encontram-se entre 6,1 na baixa-mar e 7,0 na preamar. As médias de concentração de coliformes detectadas na baixa-mar foram de 101.809 NMP/100 mL para coliformes totais, 47.654 NMP/100 mL para coliformes termotolerantes e 24.970 NMP/100 mL para E. coli. Na preamar as médias foram de 49.639 NMP/ 100 mL para coliformes totais, 19.994 NMP/100 mL para coliformes termotolerantes e 4.462 NMP/100 mL para E. coli. Conclui-se que a população residente no Igarapé Santa Cruz vive em situação de vulnerabilidade e risco à saúde.
OCORRÊNCIA DE INFECÇÃO E MORTALIDADE POR COVID-19 EM RESIDENCIAIS PARA IDOSOS NO BRASIL
Authors: Wachholz Patrick Alexander , Moreira Virgilio Garcia , Oliveira Déborah , Watanabe Helena Akemi Wada , Villas Boas Paulo José Fortes
Published: August 2020

Introdução: As taxas de mortalidade pela COVID-19 em idosos que vivem em Residenciais de Cuidado de Longa Duração (RCLD) chegam a 80% em alguns países. No Brasil, pouco se conhece sobre a incidência e mortalidade nesta população.

Objetivo: Descrever a ocorrência da infecção e mortalidade por COVID-19 em RCLD para idosos no Brasil.

Metodologia: Estudo transversal e descritivo com uso de fontes primárias e secundárias e amostragem não probabilística. Entre abril e junho de 2020, por meio de um questionário eletrônico, administradores de RCLD de todo o Brasil foram convidados a informar a ocorrência de infecção e mortalidade de residentes por COVID-19. Além disso, foi realizada busca ativa de dados junto aos serviços do Ministério Público Estadual, Secretarias de Saúde e Sistema Único de Assistência Social. Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva

Resultados: Foram analisadas as informações de 1,802 RCLD de 11 estados, onde residiam 42,216 idosos. A taxa de incidência de COVID-19 foi de 6,14%. Foram registrados no período 458 óbitos, com uma taxa de letalidade de 17,65%.

Conclusão: A incidência e letalidade observados neste estudo foram menores do que as taxas observadas em outros países. Entretanto, dadas as limitações quanto a coleta de informações e outras barreiras para o estudo, novas fontes estruturadas de dados são fundamentais para o conhecimento da propagação do vírus nos RCLD no país.
Forecast UTI: aplicativo para previsão de leitos de unidades de terapia intensiva no contexto da pandemia de covid-19
Authors: Neto Luiz Leduíno de Salles , Martins Camila Bertini , Chaves Antônio Augusto , Konstantyner Thais Cláudia Roma de Oliveira , Yanasse Horácio Hideki , Campos Claudia Barbosa Ladeira de , Bellini Ana Júlia de Oliveira , Butkeraites Renan Brito , Correia Leonardo , Magro Igor Luciano , Soares Fernando dos Santos
Published: August 2020

Frente à necessidade de gerenciamento e previsão do número de leitos de unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI) para pacientes graves de covid-19, foi desenvolvido o Forecast UTI, um aplicativo de livre acesso e que permite o monitoramento de indicadores hospitalares com base em dados históricos do serviço de saúde e na dinâmica temporal dessa epidemia por coronavírus. O Forecast UTI também possibilita realizar previsões de curto prazo sobre número de leitos ocupados pela doença diariamente, e estabelecer possíveis cenários de atendimento. Este artigo apresenta as funções, modo de acesso e exemplos de uso do Forecast UTI, uma ferramenta computacional destinada a auxiliar gestores de hospitais da rede pública e privada do Sistema Único de Saúde no subsídio à tomada de decisão, de forma rápida, estratégica e eficiente.
Dependencia funcional y diabetes mellitus en ancianos afiliados al Seguro Social de Salud del Perú: Análisis secundario de la ENSSA-2015
Authors: Ramirez-Ramirez Rofilia , Becerra Percy Soto
Published: August 2020

Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de dependencia funcional y evaluar su asociación con la diabetes mellitus (DM) en ancianos afiliados al seguro social de salud (EsSalud) del Perú en 2015. Materiales y métodos. Análisis secundario de los datos de la Encuesta Nacional Socioeconómica de Acceso a la Salud de los Asegurados de EsSalud 2015 (ENSSA-2015), una encuesta de hogares con muestreo probabilístico bietápico, representativa a nivel nacional de la población de afiliados a EsSalud. Incluimos ancianos (60 años a más) afiliados EsSalud. La dependencia funcional fue evaluada mediante el índice de Katz (≥ 1 punto). La DM fue evaluada mediante auto reporte del participante. Estimamos razones de prevalencia ajustadas (RPa) por potenciales factores de confusión mediante regresión log-Poisson múltiple. Reportamos intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%) y valores p. Todos los análisis tuvieron en cuenta el muestreo complejo de la ENSSA-2015. Resultados. Incluimos 10985 participantes de 12805 elegibles en el análisis. Las prevalencias de dependencia funcional parcial y severa fueron de 12,9% (IC 95%: 11,9%-13,8%) y 6,0% (IC95%: 5,3%-6,7%), respectivamente. La prevalencia de dependencia funcional (parcial o severa) en diabéticos fue 23% mayor que la de no diabéticos, luego de controlar por potenciales factores de confusión (RPa = 1,23; IC95%: 1,04-1,44; p = 0,013). Un modelo alternativo mostró resultados consistentes. Conclusiones. Cerca de uno de cada cinco ancianos afiliados a EsSalud tuvieron algún grado de dependencia funcional (parcial o severa). Asimismo, la DM estuvo asociada con una mayor probabilidad de tener dependencia funcional en esta población.
How may the organisations’ readiness to change affect the uptake of off-site construction?
Authors: Wong Peter S P , Keough James , Holdsworth Sarah , Kenny David
Published: August 2020

While off-site construction presents opportunities for increased productivity, safety and decreased costs, little is understood as to why some contractors are not ready/prepared to change their practice and adopt off-site construction more extensively in projects. This study aimed to examine the effect of organisational readiness (OR) on the organisational change (OC) for the more extensive use of off-site construction. Furthermore, how counter-knowledge (CK) may affect such a relationship was investigated. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the relationship between OC, OR and CK. The appropriateness of the questions used in the questionnaire survey was validated through interviews with industry experts. The results indicate that when OR is embodied within contractor firms, OC for more extensive use of off-site construction is more likely to occur. It was found that clear communication about OC should occur in order to gain support from staff and minimise false and misleading information within the organisation. It was identified that CK has a moderating effect on OR associated with OC. Specifically, organisational valence is degraded by misinformation about resourcing, performance management and communication concerning greater adoption of off-site construction. Comparatively, self-efficacy, personal valence and senior leadership support can lead to OC, despite the existence of CK within the organisation.
Rate and Predictors of Finding Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance (MGRS) Lesions on Kidney Biopsy in Patients with Monoclonal Gammopathy
Authors: Klomjit Nattawat , Leung Nelson , Fervenza Fernando , Sethi Sanjeev , Zand Ladan
Published: August 2020

Significance Statement

It is not known how frequently a kidney biopsy specimen reveals monoclonal gammopathy (MG) of renal significance (MGRS) in patients with MG or what factors predict this finding. In a review of medical records of 6300 patients with MG, the authors found that only 160 (2.5%) had a biopsy. Of those, 96 (60%) had lesions unrelated to MG, with arteriosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy accounting for most cases. Among 64 patients with MGRS, amyloid light chain amyloidosis and proliferative GN with monoclonal Ig deposition were the most common lesions. An elevated serum free light chain ratio, proteinuria ≥1.5 g/d, and hematuria were the strongest independent predictors of finding MGRS on biopsy specimens. These findings will assist nephrologists in determining which patients with MG and CKD would be at high risk of having MGRS.

Background

Little is known about the rate and predictors of finding lesions of monoclonal gammopathy (MG) of renal significance (MGRS) on kidney biopsy specimens among patients with MG.

Methods

We reviewed the medical records from 2013 to 2018 at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, to identify patients with MG and whether they had undergone a kidney biopsy. In a more select group of patients with MG from 2017 to 2018, we conducted a review of records to determine how many had underlying CKD, which of those with CKD had undergone a kidney biopsy, and reasons for deferring a kidney biopsy.

Results

Between 2013 and 2018, we identified 6300 patients who had MG, 160 (2.5%) of whom had undergone a kidney biopsy. Of the 160 patients, 64 (40%) had an MGRS lesion; amyloid light chain amyloidosis, the most common finding, accounted for nearly half of these lesions. In the non-MGRS group comprising 96 patients, 23 had arteriosclerosis, the most common finding. In multivariate analysis, strong predictors of finding an MGRS lesion included the presence of an elevated free light chain ratio, proteinuria, and hematuria. Among 596 patients with CKD and MG from 2017 to 2018, 62 (10.4%) underwent a kidney biopsy. Kidney biopsy was deferred for 70 patients (20%); for 62 of the 70, the diagnosis was already known, and eight were not candidates for therapy. Younger age and higher proteinuria and serum creatinine levels increased the likelihood that the patient would undergo a kidney biopsy.

Conclusions

Proteinuria ≥1.5 g/d, hematuria, and an elevated free light chain ratio increase the likelihood of finding MGRS, and a kidney biopsy should be highly considered in such patients.