bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the Eunuch Myth: Men, Eunuchs, and the Multifaceted Nature of their Roles
Authors: Yasmeen Samina , Sheikh Jamil Ahmed , Farooq Hafiz Shuaib
Published: August 2023

The purpose behind this study is to examine the factors contributing to the prevalence of large number of eunuchs worldwide, with specifically focus on Pakistan. The Eunuchs are marginalized subcultural groups that include those who identified as genderqueer women. Their unique begging techniques, such as slapping their hollow hands together, are one of their strategies to divert others attention towards them. Data for the paper was gathered from 12 semi-structured interviews with Eunuch and three semi-structured interviews with Guru in three Dera locations: Taxila, Wah, and Hasanabdal. Their live experiences were also recorded from childhood to old age across a wide range of settings, such as family, school, Guru, Dera colleagues, the workplace, and encounters with the public. The findings showed that, despite the fact that some of the eunuchs that come out in the market may look or behave in a manner that is often associated with eunuchs, most of them are male, and some of them were even married. They adopt it for economic reasons; however, adopting an artificial female role has caused role conflict in their lives. Traditionally, at household level, a male is supposed to take care of the home, such as finances, and appear masculine, but adopting an artificial female role for the male body increases the complications at social and family levels. The men by the name of Bread Winner have been facing exploitation, pushing them to adopt a character that is culturally and socially forbidden in the Pakistani community.
Կառավարման մոդելը Սպիտակի քաղաքային գրադարանում
Authors: Grigoryan Knarik
Published: August 2023

The article discusses management methods in the library sector, brief characteristics, the main directions of management and development of library work, and modern trends at the Spitak City Library. The article presents the innovative leader program implementation, leadership skills, communication styles, professionalism, knowledge, the ability to use different information means, the stages of developing the innovative ideas and, projects, and making action plans. 137 The purpose of creating a public library as an education supporting institution, content and management methods, and the role in the digital age as a structure that ensures continuous education is also discussed. Additionally, marketing as a modern tool of library management is discussed, including directions for effective imple-mentation of library activities, tools that can expand the range of users and make the library more accessible, and changes that the library needs along with the development of new technologies and social networks.
Խաչատուր Աբովյանի անվան հայկական պետական մանկավարժական համալսարանի գիտական գրադարանի հնատիպ, հազվագյուտ գրքերի հավաքածուն
Authors: Petrosyants Tigran
Published: August 2023

The scientific library of the Armenian State Pedagogical University after Khachatur Abovyan is one of the unique institutions of Armenia, which stores the wealth of the Matenadaran of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin: books and magazines. By the efforts of Mushegh Gasparyan, the Priest of the Congregation of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, the first head of the library of the Pedagogical Institute founded on November 7, 1922, about 5000 copies of books on the Armenian studies, history, psychology, pedagogy (according to the last two specialties, mainly Russian-speaking), as well as printed copies of the well-known magazines “Hyusisapail,” “Krunk Hayots Ashkharin,” “Ararat” and more than a dozen of other magazines were transferred to the library of the Pedagogical Institute from the disbanded Matenadaran of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin during the same days.
LITERATURAS DA AMÉFRICA LADINA: UM PERCURSO PELAS LITERATURAS DE AUTORIA NEGRA LATINO-AMERICANA
Authors: Ramos Liliam
Published: August 2023

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão panorâmica das literaturas de autoria negra latino-americana publicadas nos séculos XIX, XX e XXI com base no conceito de amefricanidade idealizado pela antropóloga brasileira Lelia González na intenção de apresentar os diálogos afro-latino-americanos propostos pelas populações em diáspora forçada no processo colonial da América Latina de línguas francesa, espanhola e portuguesa. Começando com a pergunta elaborada pelo pesquisador Jerome Branche:  quando, onde, por que e sob quais condições a escravidão e a opressão racial produziram uma consciência negra, serão apresentados, a partir da análise de romances e poemas, os conceitos de malungaje (Branche) e quilombismo (Nascimento) que, em conjunto com amefricanidade (González), confirmam redes de identificação afro-latino-americana, cujos diálogos têm vindo à tona com grande força nas universidades brasileiras devido ao ingresso e às reivindicações de alunas e alunos negras e negros, principalmente pelo sistema de cotas. Pretende-se, com esta reflexão, auxiliar o trabalho de professores universitários na formação de professores da educação básica brasileira que, através da obrigatoriedade das leis 10.639/03 e 11.645/11, devem trabalhar em sala de aula as culturas africanas, afro-brasileiras e indígenas, contribuindo, assim, para a formação de cidadãos conscientes das desigualdades sociais que o projeto colonial impôs às populações não-europeias da América Latina.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Lousada Isabel , Civiliene Gabriele , Schuster Kristen
Published: August 2023

Editorial
Revitalizing Endangered Traditions: Innovative Approaches to Safeguarding Yunnan's Ethnic Minority Music as Intangible Cultural Heritage
Authors: Zhang Shuang Shuang , Chao-Jung Wu
Published: August 2023

This qualitative research study investigates the cultural symbolism and identity exhibited by ethnic minorities in Yunnan, China, through vocal music, as well as the ethnic minority music consequences. The study adopts a three-step coding analysis based on interviews with 18 respondents representing diverse ethnic minority groups to discover themes and patterns in the cultural symbolism buried within vocal music. For data analysis, the MAXQDA-2020 software is used. The findings show that ethnic minority groups in Yunnan rely heavily on vocal music to preserve cultural history, generate community pride, and promote intercultural understanding. The rich connection between vocal music and ethnic identity, the influence of nature and environment on musical expressions, the preservation of cultural heritage through rituals and celebrations, and the evolving collaborations and contemporary adaptations in vocal music are among the themes extracted from the data. This study has three implications: general, theoretical, and practical. In overall, this study adds to our understanding of vocal music as a potent medium for cultural expression and identity building. The identification of recurring themes and patterns has theoretical significance, offering a platform for further investigation and comparative investigations. In practice, the findings influence ethnic minority music practices by emphasizing the importance of introducing vocal music traditions into curricula, encouraging cultural awareness, and developing international discussion.
REPRESENTAÇÕES CULTURAIS DE ANGOLA E MOÇAMBIQUE EM NARRATIVAS COLONIAIS
Authors: Pimenta Susana , Ribeiro Orquídea , Moreira Fernando
Published: August 2023

O termo «colonial» desenterra fantasmas relacionados com leituras conexas a memórias, sentimentos de culpa e mágoas ainda incómodas. As narrativas coloniais são sobretudo um louvor à «missão» e à ação colonizadoras, assim como às gentes da metrópole e do território colonial, numa perspetiva de uma «natural» superioridade branca. Este artigo pretende cartografar preconceitos culturais do passado colonial através da análise de narrativas ficcionais sobre Angola e Moçambique, datadas entre os anos 20-60, que permitem um entendimento mais circunstanciado do pensamento e da representação do mundo colonial português do século XX.
Osiemnastowieczne zbiory muzyczne Archiwum Klasztoru Mogilskiego - kontekst historyczny
Authors: Szywalski Paweł
Published: August 2023

Klasztory cysterskie były obecne w Polsce już od XII wieku i odegrały ważną rolę w rozwoju kultury duchowej i materialnej kraju, w tym kultury muzycznej. Było to widoczne już w średniowieczu, kiedy to w pismach polskich klasztorów cysterskich odnaleziono księgi liturgiczne zawierające różne formy śpiewu chorałowego. Przypuszcza się, że mnisi odegrali ważną rolę w rozwoju polifonii i muzyki organowej. W okresie baroku nastąpił prawdziwy rozkwit życia muzycznego w klasztorach cysterskich, gdyż większość z nich funkcjonowała jako zespoły wokalno-instrumentalne, zgodnie z duchem epoki. Niektóre klasztory, jak te w Oliwie i Pelplinie, były w tym czasie znakomitymi ośrodkami sztuki muzycznej. Podobnie klasztor w Mogile był przez wieki ważnym ośrodkiem kultury intelektualnej i artystycznej, m.in. dzięki osiągnięciom wybitnych opatów, silnym tradycjom bibliofilskim, twórczości Stanisława Samostrzelnika i istnieniu cysterskiego ośrodka studiów monastycznych. Klimat opactwa sprzyjał rozwojowi twórczości muzycznej, dzięki czemu Mogiła stała się ważnym ośrodkiem działalności artystycznej i muzycznej w XVII i XVIII wieku.Znaczną część zbiorów archiwum ojców cystersów w Mogile stanowią partytury muzyczne, pochodzące z pozostałości zespołu wokalno-instrumentalnego. Zespół ten powstał prawdopodobnie pod koniec XVI wieku i istniał do początku XIX wieku. Zachowane rękopisy muzyczne pochodzą głównie z drugiej połowy XVIII wieku i świadczą o wysokim poziomie artystycznym mogilskiej kaplicy i jej dzieł muzycznych, które uświetniały sprawowane w niej uroczyste liturgie. Te zabytki muzyczne pokazują również, że oprócz wykonywania muzyki sakralnej, ówczesny zespół klasztorny włączał do swojego repertuaru również utwory świeckie. Na przykład po zakończeniu liturgii wykonywano klasyczne utwory jednogłosowe - concerti - lub arie ze świeckich oper Johanna Adolfa Hassę. W drugiej połowie XVIII wieku wykonywano symfonie Josepha Haydna. Tak więc, podczas gdy muzyka była tworzona ad maiorem Dei gloriam, uroczystości domowe dawały również mnichom okazję do dotknięcia instrumentów muzycznych. Na tle dramatycznych wydarzeń, które nieuchronnie prowadziły Rzeczpospolitą do politycznego upadku, a klasztor do ekonomicznego kryzysu, dynamizm życia muzycznego w Mogile zaskakuje. Zbiór rękopisów mogilskich, jako pozostałość muzycznej tradycji klasztoru, wpisuje się w kontekst kulturowy i historyczny. Rozwój życia artystycznego opactwa podlegał tym samym czynnikom, które wpływały na całą kulturę muzyczną dawnej Polski.
Przejęcie przez państwo burs i internatów prowadzonych przez instytucje wyznaniowe
Authors: Noszczak Bartłomiej
Published: August 2023

W artykule omówiono proces przejęcia przez państwo burs i internatów prowadzonych przez Kościół katolicki. Do realizacji tego zadania zaproponowano zastosowanie tej samej procedury i przepisów prawnych, co przy likwidacji w lipcu 1952 r. niższych seminariów zakonnych, internatów i niektórych domów formacyjnych zgromadzeń zakonnych. Decyzje o zamknięciu ośrodków prowadzonych przez zakony nie były poprzedzone żadnymi ponagleniami w celu wyjaśnienia czy uregulowania ich bytu prawnego. W istocie decyzje władz o likwidacji burs i internatów zakonnych łamały także art. 19 porozumienia pomiędzy państwem a Kościołem z kwietnia 1950 r. Zgromadzenia zakonne pozbawiono ich własności ruchomej i nieruchomej, uniemożliwiając prowadzenie działalności w zakresie ich powołania i obowiązujących ustaw.
Participationem omnium bonorum - forma i znaczenie przyjęcia do udziału w dobrach duchowych zakonu na przykładzie mendykantów w Państwie Zakonu Krzyżackiego w Prusach
Authors: Kubicki Rafał
Published: August 2023

Zasadą działania mendykantów w średniowiecznym społeczeństwie było utrzymywanie bliskiego kontaktu z najbliższymi, którzy zapewniali im znaczne wsparcie materialne. Potwierdzenie tych bliskich relacji przybierało formę umów podpisywanych ze wspólnotami rzemieślników i osobami prywatnymi, obejmujących przyjęcie do bractwa monastycznego i uczestnictwo we wszystkich duchowych dobrach zakonu (participationem omnium bonorum).
Powstanie tej praktyki miało swoje korzenie w tradycji, zgodnie z którą klasztory były traktowane jako wspólnoty gromadzące, poprzez swoje modlitwy, pewne szczególne zasługi od Boga, znajdując swoje wypełnienie w tworzeniu zwyczajów polegających na przyjmowaniu osób i wspólnot kupieckich do udziału w łaskach klasztoru.
Zwyczaj ten był również praktykowany w klasztorach mendykanckich. Uniwersalny charakter tych umów był uzasadniony użyciem gotowych formularzy. Można zauważyć pewną gradację w dostępie do dóbr duchowych zgromadzonych przez klasztor. Najpierw był to udział w dobrach klasztoru, następnie prowincji i wreszcie całego zakonu, potwierdzony przez kompetentne władze klasztorne (ojca gwardiana lub przeora, ministra lub ojca prowincjała, kapitułę i wreszcie generała). Współuczestnictwo w modlitwach monastycznych oznaczało przyjęcie do wspólnoty braterskiej (confraternitas). Gwarantowało to duchowy udział w dobrach płynących z dobrych uczynków spełnianych przez zakon.
Ponad połowa znanych nam dokumentów dotyczących przyjęcia do konfraterni, a sporządzonych przez mendykantów z kraju zakonu krzyżackiego, mówi o darowiznach od wiernych. Była to forma opłaty ustalana przez klasztor lub cały zakon. W przypadku dopuszczenia do udziału w dobrach duchowych klasztoru na ogół nie wspominano o zdeponowanych ofiarach, gdyż mogło to być potwierdzeniem pobożności i zaangażowania ze strony osoby przyjmowanej do konfraterni. Inaczej sytuacja wyglądała w przypadku zobowiązania do odprawiania mszy świętej, modlitwy przed ołtarzem, w kaplicy oraz w przypadku prawa do pogrzebu. Analiza adresatów tych dokumentów pokazuje, że mendykanci byli aktywni w bardzo różnych środowiskach. Należało do nich oczywiście mieszczaństwo, ale także lokalne rycerstwo, a nawet mieszkańcy wsi. Znaczenie pamięci jest wyczuwalne zarówno w tekstach dokumentów sporządzonych dla świeckich (wymieniających imiona i nazwiska osób, za które należało się modlić), jak i w ich treści. dla których należało odmówić modlitwę), jak i dla przedstawicieli bractw i wspólnot kupieckich. przedstawicieli bractw i wspólnot kupieckich (wpisy do monastycznego kalendarzu monastycznym).
Przyczynek do dziejów norbertanek buskich w XVIII i początkach XIX wieku
Authors: Szylar Anna
Published: August 2023

Artykuł został opracowany na podstawie rękopisów zachowanych w archiwum sióstr norbertanek w Imbramowicach, a mianowicie kroniki klasztoru norbertanek w Busku z lat 1737-1814 oraz protokołu wizytacji biskupa Michała Jerzego Poniatowskiego z 1782 roku. Buski klasztor został ufundowany w latach 1180-1185 przez wojewodę sandomierskiego Dzierżka herbu Janina i jego brata, biskupa płockiego Wita. Wojewoda dokonywał także darowizn na rzecz klasztoru. W ten sposób do początku XIX wieku buskie norbertanki należały do najbogatszych klasztorów żeńskich. W 1819 r. na mocy ustawy kasacyjnej klasztor został zlikwidowany. Ostatnim zakonnicom pozwolono pozostać w nim aż do śmierci. Straciły swój majątek. Pożar miasta w 1820 r. spowodował rozległe zniszczenia. Zakonnice również ucierpiały. Spłonęła duża część zabudowań klasztornych i kościół. W rezultacie, pozbawione ziemi potrzebnej do utrzymania, większości wyposażenia, kościoła, klasztoru, a przede wszystkim dachu nad głową, norbertanki decyzją władz świeckich zostały przeniesione do dawnego klasztoru paulinów w Pińczowie, w budynku wymagającym remontu. W tym samym czasie hrabia Stanisław Tarnowski proponował przeniesienie ich do Piotrkowic w powiecie stopnickim, ale z różnych przyczyn projekt ten nie został zrealizowany. Pobyt w Pińczowie trwał od 1820 do 1864 roku, kiedy to trzy ostatnie zakonnice przeniesiono do klasztoru norbertanek w Imbramowicach. W latach 1737-1820 w buskim klasztorze przebywały średnio 23 zakonnice. Od początku tego okresu do 1860 r. zarządzało nimi osiem opatek, wybieranych zgodnie z ustawodawstwem zakonnym.
Przyczyny, skutki i warunki powstania oraz kolportaż prasy konspiracyjnej wydawanej pod okupacją hitlerowską w latach 1939-1945
Authors: Potyczka Marcin
Published: August 2023

Podziemne dziennikarstwo uprawiane pod okupacją hitlerowską odgrywało szczególną rolę. Zrodziło się z potrzeby informacji, w opozycji do niemieckiej prasy propagandowej. Cele prasy nie były takie same jak w czasie pokoju. Odtąd prasa służyła pocieszaniu, budowaniu oporu, nawoływaniu do bojkotu wszystkiego, co miało na celu niszczenie śladów polskości, demaskowaniu kłamstw, instruowaniu, jak zachowywać się w czasie okupacji i osądzaniu zdrajców. Prasa nie była przyjacielem "zwykłego człowieka", ale "każdego Polaka". Jednoczyła całe polskie społeczeństwo - dzięki powszechnemu kolportażowi prasa przemierzała tysiące kilometrów, jednocząc podzielony okupacją kraj. Wydawane gazety były sygnałem, że duch oporu nie zniknie, a Polska wciąż walczy. Prasa konspiracyjna wydawana w latach 1939-1945 powstawała pod wpływem impulsu wielu ludzi, którzy angażowali się w działalność konspiracyjną, stawiając swoje życie na szalę. Ten heroizm odnajdujemy także wśród tych, którzy byli odpowiedzialni za kolportaż tej podziemnej prasy. Z wdzięcznością możemy mówić o tych, którzy potajemnie, bez doświadczenia i przy użyciu prymitywnych środków technicznych, wzięli na siebie obowiązek działania piórem w imieniu całego narodu.
Nauczanie języka łacińskiego w szkołach jezuickich w XVI i XVII wieku
Authors: Łukaszewska-Haberkowa Justyna
Published: August 2023

Nauczanie języka łacińskiego w szkole jezuickiej XVI i XVII wieku prowadzono w różnorodny sposób: początkowo brakowało odpowiednich wskazówek, a także praktyki, stopniowo ukształtowała się metodyka, w której wykorzystywano wzorce humanistyczne, nawet jeśli pochodziły ze szkół innowierczych. Wreszcie od XVII wieku zaczęło obowiązywać ujednolicone „Ratio studiorum”. Wprowadzano je w szkołach uwzględniając ich uwarunkowania i potrzeby. Znakomitą jakość nauczania języka łacińskiego, z której słynęły kolegia jezuickie w XVII wieku, zawdzięczano utrwaleniu wymienionych wyżej wzorców, jak również podporządkowaniu jej ogólnym ideałom wychowawczym: doskonałej moralności prowadzącej do zbawienia.
Średniowieczne patrocinia prepozytury kieleckiej
Authors: Grabkowski Marcin
Published: August 2023

Celem artykułu była analiza problematyki związanej z tytulaturą kościelną, jaka funkcjonowała na terenie prepozytury kieleckiej w okresie średniowiecza. Autor skupił się m. in. na następujących zagadnieniach takich jak: popularność danych kultów na badanym obszarze, trwałość poszczególnych wezwań, dodawanie patrociniów do wezwań już istniejących, jak również nadawanie świątyniom tytułów złożonych. Dalsze badania prowadzone pod tym kątem z pewnością dostarczą wiedzy, między innymi, na temat religijności ludzi zamieszkujących rejon Gór Świętokrzyskich.
Zagraniczne peregrynacje biskupów Metropolii Gnieźnieńskiej na przełomie XIII i XIV w.
Authors: Maciejowski Maciej
Published: August 2023

Artykuł jest próbą określenia, czy aktywność biskupów spoza metropolii gnieźnieńskiej rozciągała się na ziemie polskie, obejmujące ówczesne centra cywilizacji łacińsko-europejskiej. Udział przedstawicieli polskiego episkopatu w soborach powszechnych był okazją do wyjścia poza granice metropolii gnieźnieńskiej. W przypadku Soboru Lyońskiego dotyczyły one m.in. problemu organizacji kolejnej krucjaty na Bliskim Wschodzie, zagrożenia ze strony Tatarów oraz potwierdzenia unii z Bizancjum i Kościołem greckim. Biskupi polscy i ich otoczenie, obecni na soborach powszechnych, przekazywali następnie zdobytą wiedzę o własnej rzeczywistości. Był też proces odwrotny: dzięki bliskim kontaktom z konkretnymi polskimi hierarchami stolica apostolska uzyskiwała więcej informacji o Kościele gnieźnieńskim.
Improving Students’ Lampung Script Writing Skills Through Using Online Word Cards
Authors: Heldawati Heldawati , Sutrisno AB Joko , Abdullah Abdullah
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the use of online word cards in improving the quality of learning in Lampung literacy writing skills and to find out the increase in Lampung writing skills in students in class V MIN 4 Pringsewu.  The problems raised in this study were 1) to find out the use of online word cards in improving the quality of learning of writing skills in Lampung literacy. 2) to find out the improvement in Lampung writing skills in class V MIN 4 Pringsewu.   This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) with research subjects V MIN 4 Pringsewu. This research was conducted in two cycles. Researchers provide guidance as a collaborator to the fifth-grade teacher on the application of word cards to improve the writing skills of Lampung students in grade V which is still very low.  Therefore, this research can be said to be collaborative class action research.  The subjects of this study were 27 students. The results of the study can be concluded as follows: first, the word card media can improve the quality of the learning process of Lampung students' writing skills online for class V MIN 4 Pringsewu.  Students experience changes in behavior (improvement) in online learning. Second, word cards can improve the product/results of Lampung students' writing skills online grade V MIN 4 Pringsewu.  Improvement of product quality/results can be seen from the comparison of the average writing scores at the pre-action and post-cycle stage II.
The Correlation of Vocabulary Mastery and Sentence Structure with Students' Writing Ability
Authors: Dari Indah Wulan , Wicaksono Andri , Febriyanti Febriyanti
Published: August 2023

This study aims to describe the relationship between vocabulary mastery and sentence structure with the ability to write descriptions of  the eighth grade students of SMPN 02 Waway Karya, East Lampung. The author uses the correlational method, meaning that data are collected after all the events in question have taken place. The techniques used in collecting research data are questionnaires, tests, and observations. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that, (1) there is a positive and significant correlation between sentence structure and the ability to write descriptions, indicated by a correlation coefficient of 0.766 and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.587 or 58.7%, (2) there is a positive and significant correlation between vocabulary mastery and the ability to write descriptions as indicated by a correlation coefficient of 0.662 and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.438 or 43.8%, (3) there is a positive and significant relationship between vocabulary mastery and sentence structure and ability of writing a description shown by the correlation coefficient of 0.804 and the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.646 or 64.6%.
Using Audio Visual Media to Improve Listening Skills and Learning Motivation
Authors: Pida Elma , Subari Imam , Permanasari Dian
Published: August 2023

This research aims to improve listening skills and learning motivation by using audio-visual media in seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 7 Mesuji. Classroom action research is a research in which the researcher collaborates with several parties, both principals, classroom teachers, and researchers simultaneously, with two cycles, each cycle having three meetings. The method used in this research is classroom action research (CAR). This study used the subject of class VII students of SMP Negeri 7 Mesuji. The population of this study amounted to 56 students. The entire population was sampled, so the sample was 56 students. Methods of data collection using checklist observations, interviews and documentation. Data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive techniques. The results showed that the use of audio-visual media was effective in improving the ability to listen to fantasy stories for seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 7 Mesuji. This can be seen from the results of the study which showed that the students' listening ability during the pre-cycle only obtained an average score of 37.32 and this was included in the poor category. When the action was taken in the first cycle, the students' listening ability increased to 49.28 and was included in the sufficient category. Furthermore, in the second (second) cycle, the score reached 64.82 (Good). Likewise, in increasing learning motivation, the use of audio-visual methods also increases learning motivation. In the pre-cycle, the score of 48.35 was included in the sufficient category; in the first cycle the score is 54.78 which is included in the sufficient category, while in the second cycle the score is 68.21 which is included in the good category.
Economical Olive Oil Production by Reduction of Post-Harvest Losses in Olive Fruit
Authors: Sumrah Muhammad Ashraf , Mahfooz Syed Hamza , Jan Muhammad , Akhtar Shoaib , Pasha Muhammad Farhan Khan , Hussain Azhar , Anser Muhammad Ramzan , Akhtar Jamil
Published: August 2023

The higher cost of oil extraction units and their shortage at the district level results in huge economic losses for olive farmers. Olive fruit harvesting and packing method for temporary storage and transportation cause major losses to the growers due to the reduction in the quality of olive oil. Poor economic returns from lower-quality olive oil result in financial losses to the growers. Fruit harvesting and packing method are major sources of fruit losses; hence the studies were designed to standardize commercial fruit harvesting and packing method to minimize the losses. The study was conducted at Buzdar Agricultural Farm, DG Khan. The fruit was packed in plastic bags (Conventional method) and perforated fruit baskets (Non-conventional method) for transportation from the olive orchard to the Oil Mill (Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal) for extraction of olive oil. Olive oil extraction machine Model (Pieralisi, Italy) and the first cold extraction were used for data collection. Minimum fruit damage of 1.14% was recorded in hand picking, and maximum fruit damage of 10.65% was recorded in stick beating. Maximum fruit rotting of 4.48% was recorded in stick beating, and minimum damage of 1.10% was recorded in the hand picking method. Oil recovery percentage was not affected by harvesting and packing methods; however, oil quality was highly affected by harvesting and packing methods, which resulted in economic returns from produced olive oil. Poor quality oil fetched minimum price as compared with premium quality olive oil, which resulted in financial losses to the grower.
Consumer Awareness and Willingness to Pay for Dried Mangoes: Evidence from Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Mehmood Waqas , Ullah Sami , Nasir Shoaib , Yasin Mudasir , Rehman Abd ur , Iqbal Muhammad Arqam
Published: August 2023

Dried fruits are a popular and convenient snack option for many consumers, providing a nutritious alternative to processed snacks. Thus, consumer demand for dried fruits has significantly increased worldwide due to increasing health consciousness and a growing interest in natural and organic food products. Though Pakistan is one of the world's largest producers of mangoes, dried mangoes are a relatively new product in the country’s markets. Hence, the study’s objective is to understand consumers' awareness and willingness to pay (WTP) for dried mangoes which is crucial for producers and marketers to target and capture the growing market effectively. We collected the data from 300 respondents from three metropolitan cities of Punjab: Lahore, Faisalabad, and Multan. We employed logistic regression to investigate the determinants of consumers’ awareness of dried mangoes and Tobit regression to estimate factors affecting willingness to pay. The results show that 46% of respondents knew the dried mangoes. Furthermore, gender, education, income, and access to information are the important factors affecting consumers’ awareness. On average, consumers were willing to pay Rs. 373/ 125 grams of dried mangoes. The estimates of the Tobit model show that gender, age, education, income, profession, promotion, packing, and health consciousness significantly affect the consumers’ willingness to pay. Therefore, producers and marketers must develop effective positioning, pricing, and promotional strategies based on these factors to target and capture the growing markets for dried fruits.
The Role of Religious Political Parties in Democracy-Reasons for Their Influence on the People of Pakistan
Authors: Atif Muhammad , Anwar Usman , Ahmad Rasheed
Published: August 2023

In Pakistan's political system, religious political parties do play a significant role. These parties have generally fought for legislation that is in line with Islamic ideals and has the support of conservative, religiously motivated population segments. They have successfully influenced the nation's political discourse and energized citizens around religious themes. Their impact has also been a contentious issue. According to critics, religious political parties foster intolerance and extremism, which can harm societal cohesion and minority rights. This has given rise to challenges such as sectarian conflicts, the persecution of religious minorities, and the demise of some spiritual institutions, but it has also given rise to a framework for governance. National and local political parties must cooperate at the federal and provincial levels to combat Islamic extremism in Pakistan. In order to create policies that support tolerance, diversity, and respect for minority rights while respecting the Islamic principles that are essential to the nation's identity, collaboration is essential. This demands a holistic approach encompassing education, discourse, and efforts to alleviate socioeconomic factors that can contribute to extremism. Furthermore, promoting an atmosphere that supports moderate and forward-thinking readings of Islam and principles of peace, coexistence, and social harmony is critical. This can be done by encouraging a pluralistic understanding of Islam involving religious scholars, local leaders, and civil society organizations. Strengthening democratic institutions and fostering a climate of religious freedom and pluralism are essential for combating religious extremism. The rights of religious minorities must be protected, and their equal participation in political processes must be guaranteed. To maintain Pakistan's political environment as inclusive, tolerant, and respectful of the rights and aspirations of all its residents, it is important to balance Islamic principles and democratic norms.
Critical Evaluation of the Business English Course at Kohat University of Science and Technology
Authors: Imran Said , Arif Lubna , Khatoon Salma , Hassan Syed Sabih Ul
Published: August 2023

English being an official language enjoys a prestigious status in Pakistan. It is considered a key to success in almost every field, especially business. Due to the specificity and uniqueness of different contexts in which English is being taught, one may argue that there is a need to develop specific English courses for different groups of English language learners. This study therefore identifies English Language needs of business students at the undergraduate level keeping in view their academic background and target career. Through needs analysis, the study critically evaluates the current ESP course, Business Communication, offered at KUST and addresses the target needs of business students to meet the demand of the modern business world. Although the study is designed to analyze the needs of a specific group of undergraduate students, it may also be helpful in other similar contexts for better course design and teaching practices. Prior to data collection, the literature was reviewed which helped to decide the tools for data collection. Next, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were selected for conducting needs analysis. The data was collected from students, ESP course instructors, and domain experts. A total of 44 students, two course instructors, and two domain experts were included in the sample of the study. Data analysis and findings conclude that all four major skills (reading, writing, listening, speaking) are very important in business communication. Thus, this study offers valuable implications for course designers and provides a guideline for developing an effective business communication course at the undergraduate level.
The Correlation Between Food Price Instability and Food Security: Exploring the Linkages and Understanding the Consequences
Authors: Tasleem Hassan , Shah Faisal Nadeem , Awan Masood Sarwar
Published: August 2023

Food price instability over the last few years has hurt millions of people worldwide in the context of food security. This study focuses on examining the impact of food prices on food security, specifically in households in Pakistan. To analyze this relationship, the study utilizes data from the Pakistan Social Living Standard Measurement (PSLM) survey spanning the years 2005-2006, 2007-2008, 2011-2012, and 2015-2016. By employing a logistic regression model, the study aims to identify the factors contributing to these households' food security. The results obtained from the logistic regression model indicate a negative correlation between food security and the prices of key food items such as flour, meat, milk, and vegetables. In other words, when the prices of these essential food items increase, it reduces the likelihood of a household being food secure. This suggests that fluctuations and increases in the prices of these particular food items can have a detrimental effect on the ability of households to meet their food needs adequately. By identifying these specific food items and their impact on food security, the study provides valuable insights into the factors that influence the vulnerability of households in Pakistan to food insecurity. This knowledge can inform policymakers and stakeholders in developing strategies and interventions to address the challenges posed by fluctuating food prices and improve food security outcomes for households in the country.
Kompres Serai Hangat Dapat Menurunkan Nyeri Akut Gout Arthritis: Studi Kasus
Authors: Arif Ahmad Zaini , Rofiki Sulaiman , Amilia Yunita
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Gout Arthritis or commonly referred to as gout is an inflammatory disease of the joints that can cause pain, heat, swelling, and stiffness in the joints caused by excess uric acid content in the blood resulting in accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints and soft tissues other. Non-pharmacological therapy that can be done is giving warm compresses of lemongrass boiled water. Method: This study uses the case study method. The subjects used were 2 people with a medical diagnosis of Gout Arthritis. The instrument for collecting data used a questionnaire and NRS. Results: The results of the application show that after giving lemongrass warm compresses 1 time a day for 3 days within 20 minutes each administration the pain scale decreases or even disappears when evaluated on the third day where in the first patient before the pain scale intervention was 6 and after the pain scale intervention to 0 while the second patient before the intervention had a pain scale of 6 and after the intervention had a pain scale of 2. Conclusion: Warm compresses of lemongrass boiled water can reduce acute pain in Gout Arthritis patients.
MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DALAM KEWIRAUSAHAAN
Authors: Erliyanti  , Yurmaini
Published: August 2023

Human resource management is defined as; planning, organising, mobilizing and supervising the procurement, development, compensation, integration, maintenance and termination of employment with a view to achieving the company's organizational goals in an integrated manner. This study is shown to determine the concept of human resources in entrepreneurship. The research method used is a qualitative method through a descriptive approach. Methods of data collection and research were carried out through various sources, namely literature review and related books. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that HR Management in Entrepreneurship includes; Human Resource Management Concept; Rationalization of Human Resource Management; and Human Resource Management Process.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF MOBILE BANKING SERVICE QUALITY ON THE LEVEL OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AT PT.BANK SUMUT KATAMSO SYARIAH BRANCH OFFICE
Authors: Gusmar Muhammad Khoiri , Maulina Isra , Mukhtasar Mukhtasar
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of each dimension of service quality, namely security, convenience and speed on the level of customer satisfaction at PT Bank Sumut Syariah Katamso Branch Office. The variables in this study are security, convenience, speed, and customer satisfaction. The independent variables (x) in this study include: Security (X1), Ease (X2), and Speed ​​(X3). For variable (Y) customer satisfaction. The method used in this study is a descriptive quantitative method. The population in this study are all customers of Bank Sumut who use mobile banking. The sample used was 99 respondents with a non-probably method with accidental sampling technique. The results showed that partially the security variable had a significant effect on the level of customer satisfaction with Tcount <Ttable 2.804 <1.985 with a significant level of 0.002 > 0.05. The convenience variable has a significant effect on the level of customer satisfaction with Tcount <Ttable 3.319 <1.985 with a significant level of 0.003 > 0.05. The speed variable has a significant effect on the level of customer satisfaction with Tcount < Ttable 3.432 < 1.985 with a significant level of 0.000 > 0.05. And simultaneously the variables of security, convenience and speed have a significant effect on the level of customer satisfaction, with Fcount >Ftable, 46, 469 > 2.70 with a significant value of 0.000 <0.05 at the Bank of North Sumatra, the Katamso Sharia Branch Office.
THE INFLUENCE OF MOTIVATION AND MINIMAL CAPITAL ON STUDENTS' INTEREST IN INVESTING IN THE ISLAMIC CAPITAL MARKET AT THE EX-RESIDENCE OF PATI
Authors: Wurianti Septiana , Susanti Susi , Hidayat Ahmad Taufik , Muttaqin Ibnu
Published: August 2023

The desire to invest in Indonesian society including student is still very low, especially investment in the capital market. This is because of the views of the community and students who think that invesment contains risks and requires a lot of capital. In this reseacrh, the purpose to do knowing the effect of motivation and minimal capital on investment interest in the capital market in Pati Ex-residency students. The population in this research were students of the former residency of starch which included STAI Pati, IPMAFA, IAIN Kudus, University of Muria Kudus, STIKES BAKTI UTAMA, and UNISNU Jepara with a total sample of 102 students. Sampling method with random sampling technique. The method used to analyze the data is multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that motivation, minimal capital has an effect on the interest of Ex-Residency Pati students to invest in the islamic capital market.
MENINGKATKAN POTENSI BISNIS PETERNAKAN MELALUI PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN GARAM MINERAL BLOK (GMB) PADA PETERNAK SAPI DI GAMPONG JEULIKAT PROVINSI ACEH
Authors: Ikhsanunddin  , Muslina  , Asra  , Asmah Savitri  , Lia Safrina
Published: August 2023

The cattle farming business in Jeulikat is still done traditionally and the average farmers do not have special understanding and skills in the field of animal husbandry, they only rely on habits that have been passed down from generation to generation both in providing food and in medicine. The purpose of this training is to train cattle breeders in responding to the symptoms of mineral deficiency shown by livestock by making Block Mineral Salts. The activity approach was participatory training to accommodate various responses from the community so that farmers can practice directly according to the instructions given in the training. The results that were shown from the community's response, in addition to farmers being very enthusiastic and participating actively, they were also expect similar activities such as training in making catle feed so that the livestock business can be developed on a large scale.
SOSIALISASI KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN PENJUALAN TERNAK IKAN LELE
Authors: Khalish Khairina  , Mukhtasar  , Ainun Mardhiah  , Husni Kamal  , Angga Syahputra  , Uswatun Hasanah
Published: August 2023

The conventional marketing system which still distributes their product from mouth to mouth and social medial using hasn’t maximized yet were problems that found in livestock business owned by Desa Uteunkot is contributing this community services activities. The purpose of this activity is educating mitra about the importance of marketing communication to reach out more consumer. The implementation method used is socialization to the society in Desa Uteunkot. The number of this socialization participants was 25 participants. After this community service implementation, there is an increase in catfish sales volume in the amount of 11%.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP REMAJA KOLOMAN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Fahrurrozi  , Ainol Yakin  , Nurul Farian
Published: August 2023

Entrepreneur or entrepreneurship is currently a very interesting discussion, this cannot be separated from the world conditions hit by the COVID-19 pandemic which resulted in many workers being laid off from their jobs.The objectives of the research on youth mentoring for mosque youth during the COVID-19 pandemic are: the first is to provide an entrepreneurial spirit for youth in the midst of a pandemic. The second is to provide socialization about products or services they can make and how to market them to consumers. through online media and so on.The method used in mentoring village youth entrepreneurship is by way of workshops, we invite ministers who can provide materials according to their needs related to how the product is made, until it reaches consumers through online marketing methods to payment methods via online payments. After that, participants were invited to ask questions related to the problems they faced in the pandemic era. And also at the end of the workshop participants were demonstrated to make products or services: from the initial process of making prototypes to mass production of products.The parties involved in the socialization of entrepreneurship to mosque youth are all young men and women who are still unmarried or can be said to be included in the category of teenagers, mosque takmirs, and lecturers of the Islamic economics and business faculty of IAIN Madura Pamekasan. The main target or goal in this entrepreneurship training activity is the young generation who have great potential to develop businesses so that they have a large multiplayer effect in creating new jobs. There are many potential creative ideas for running a business that have not been explored optimally.
Pengaruh Konservatisme Akuntansi, Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitas dan Leverage Terhadap Manajemen Laba
Authors: Nugroho Muhammad Shodiq , Triyono Triyono
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menguji Pengaruh Konservatisme Akuntansi, Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitas, dan Leverage Terhadap Manajemen Laba. Penelitian dilakukan pada perusahaan yang masuk dalam indeks LQ45 dan terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2019-2021. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, dan didapatkan sebanyak 96 sampel yang sesuai dengan kriteria. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Manajemen laba merupakan topik yang banyak dibahas karena laba digunakan sebagai indikator dalam pengukuran kinerja perusahaan, yang selanjutnya dijadikan dasar pengambilan keputusan bisnis, terutama keputusan investasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konservatisme akuntansi dan leverage berpengaruh signifikan terhadap manajemen laba, sedangkan ukuran perusahaan dan profitabilitas tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap manajemen laba.
Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia dalam Perspektif Islam: Tinjauan Hadits
Authors: Gustinaningsih Gustinaningsih , Safwandy Nugraha Mulyawan
Published: August 2023

Sumber daya manusia adalah modal atau aset suatu perusahaan atau lembaga yang sangat penting untuk dikelola sebagai upaya pencapaian tujuan. Manajemen sumber daya manusia dalam perspektif Islam telah dilaksanakan oleh Rasulullah SAW. ketika ia menerima mandat kerasulan sampai Islam tegak dan berkembang hingga mencapai 3/4 bagian dunia setelah ia wafat. Hal itu dapat dilihat melalui hadis-hadits otentik yang berkaitan dengan perjalanan kepemimpinan Nabi Muhammad SAW. Hadis adalah sumber hukum kedua setelah Al-Qur'an dalam sumber-sumber hukum Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan manajemen sumber daya manusia dalam perspektif Islam ditinjau dari hadits. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kajian pustaka. Data diperoleh melalui pencarian buku sumber primer dan artikel yang telah dipublikasikan di jurnal ilmiah. Manajemen sumber daya manusia dalam perspektif Islam adalah kegiatan merencanakan, mengatur, mengarahkan, mengembangkan, memberikan kompensasi, dan mengawasi sumber daya manusia dalam melaksanakan tugas dan fungsinya untuk mencapai tujuan dan dalam rangka beribadah kepada Allah SWT. Hasil kajian hadits terkait pengelolaan sumber daya manusia, yang dilakukan oleh Rasulullah SAW. meliputi perencanaan kebutuhan, analisis jabatan, rekrutmen karyawan berdasarkan kualifikasi, kemampuan, integritas, dan loyalitas. Pengembangan karyawan melalui peningkatan iman (aqidah), pengetahuan, dan keterampilan, serta moral (karakter). Rasulullah juga memperhatikan kesejahteraan karyawan, kompensasi atas layanan karyawan secara tepat waktu.
Pengaruh Kepercayaan Merek, Harga, Promosi dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Sepeda Motor Honda Beat pada Dealer Honda PT. Virgi Motor Bekasi
Authors: Sutrisna Roby , Riyanto Kuwat
Published: August 2023

Keputusan Pembelian, merupakan pemilihan dari dua atau lebih alternatif pilihan keputusan pembelian, diamana artinya bahwa seseorang bisa membuat keputusan, harus tersedia beberapa alternatif pilihan. Keputusan untuk membeli bisa mengarah pada bagaimana proses dalam pengambilan keputusan tersebut itu dilakukan. Keputusan pembelian adalah tindakan dari konsumen untuk mau membeli atau tidak terhadap suatu produk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepercayaan merek, harga, promosi dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Penelitian ini memakai metode kuantitatif dengan sampel adalah semua pelanggan yang berkunjung Pada Dealer Honda PT. Virgi Motor Bekasi dan pernah melakukan Pembelian Sepeda Motor Honda Beat dengan jumlah yaitu sebanyak 100 responden. Penelitian  ini diolah dengan menggunakan software olah data SmartPLS dan pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui formulir Google. Penelitian ini menghasilkan bahwa tidak adanya pengaruh yang signifikan antara promosi terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Sepeda Motor Honda Beat Pada Dealer Honda PT. Virgi Motor Bekasi, adanya pengaruh positif dan signifikan secara parsial variabel kepercayaan merek, harga dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Sepeda Motor Honda Beat Pada Dealer Honda PT. Virgi Motor Bekasi.