bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electro‐oxidation of pistachio processing wastewater using Ti/Pt mesh‐type anodes in batch system
Authors: Fil Baybars Ali , Boncukcuoğlu Recep , Yılmaz Alper Erdem
Published: October 2022

In this study, the treatment of pistachio processing wastewater (PPW) by electro‐oxidation method was investigated. Ti/Pt‐plated electrodes were used for the anode material, and stainless steel electrodes were used for cathode material. Experimental studies were carried out in batch mode. Stirring speed, supporting electrolyte species and concentration, initial pH value, current density, temperature and dilution ratio were selected as experimental parameters effecting removal efficiency. In Ti/Pt electrode experimental studies on the optimum conditions, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and total phenols (TP) removal efficiencies were obtained, respectively, as 99.98%, 70.74% and 100%, and energy consumption value was obtained as 297.5 kW‐h/m3 (12.39 kW‐h/kg COD, 51.29 kW‐h/kg TOC and 64.68 kW‐h/kg TP). As a result of the experimental studies, the PPW can be treated by electro‐oxidation. Given the results of removal efficiency and energy consumption values, it was concluded the electro‐oxidation using Ti/Pt anode very appropriate treatment of PPW.
Did S. P. Timoshenko and P. Ehrenfest Overestimate the Importance of the Fourth-Order Time Derivative in Their Beam Theory?
Authors: Elishakoff Isaac
Published: October 2022

In this study, we investigate the importance of the fourth-order time derivative that appears in the equations derived by Jacques Antoine Charles Bresse in 1859, as well as in equations that were derived by Stephen Prokofievich Timoshenko and Paul Ehrenfest during years 1912 and 1913 and reported by Timoshenko in the 1916 book on the theory of elasticity in the Russian language and then in two papers dated 1920 and 1921, in English. The first part of the study demonstrates that Timoshenko and Ehrenfest did not overestimate the importance of the fourth-order derivative term in their equations. The second part deals with the debate on the so-called second spectrum attendant in the original set of equations. It is shown that in the truncated Timoshenko—Ehrenfest equations—which is asymptotically consistent with elasticity theory—“the second spectrum” issue does not arise. Thus, the two parts of this study are intricately interrelated with each other.
State-of-Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Convolutional Neural Network With Self-Attention Mechanism
Authors: Chen Jianlong , Zhang Chenghao , Chen Cong , Lu Chenlei , Xuan Dongji
Published: October 2022

State of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion batteries is an indispensable performance indicator in a battery management system (BMS), which is essential to ensure the safe operation of the battery and avoid potential hazards. However, SOC cannot be directly measured by sensors or tools. In order to accurately estimate the SOC, this paper proposes a convolutional neural network based on self-attention mechanism. First, the one-dimensional convolution is introduced to extract features from battery voltage, current, and temperature data. Then, the self-attention mechanism can reduce the dependence on external information and well capture the internal correlation of features extracted by the convolutional layer. Finally, the proposed method is validated on four dynamic driving conditions at five temperatures and compared with the other two deep learning methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method has good accuracy and robustness.
Engineering DNA-based synthetic condensates with programmable material properties, compositions, and functionalities
Authors: Do Sungho , Lee Chanseok , Lee Taehyun , Kim Do-Nyun , Shin Yongdae
Published: October 2022

Biomolecular condensates participate in diverse cellular processes, ranging from gene regulation to stress survival. Bottom-up engineering of synthetic condensates advances our understanding of the organizing principle of condensates. It also enables the synthesis of artificial systems with novel functions. However, building synthetic condensates with a predictable organization and function remains challenging. Here, we use DNA as a building block to create synthetic condensates that are assembled through phase separation. The programmability of intermolecular interactions between DNA molecules enables the control over various condensate properties including assembly, composition, and function. Similar to the way intracellular condensates are organized, DNA clients are selectively partitioned into cognate condensates. We demonstrate that the synthetic condensates can accelerate DNA strand displacement reactions and logic gate operation by concentrating specific reaction components. We envision that the DNA-based condensates could help the realization of the high-order functions required to build more life-like artificial systems.
Cellular shape reinforces niche to stem cell signaling in the small intestine
Authors: Pentinmikko Nalle , Lozano Rodrigo , Scharaw Sandra , Andersson Simon , Englund Johanna I. , Castillo-Azofeifa David , Gallagher Aaron , Broberg Martin , Song Ki-Young , Sola Carvajal Agustín , Speidel Alessondra T. , Sundstrom Michael , Allbritton Nancy , Stevens Molly M. , Klein Ophir D. , Teixeira Ana , Katajisto Pekka
Published: October 2022

Niche-derived factors regulate tissue stem cells, but apart from the mechanosensory pathways, the effect of niche geometry is not well understood. We used organoids and bioengineered tissue culture platforms to demonstrate that the conical shape of Lgr5
+
small intestinal stem cells (ISCs) facilitate their self-renewal and function. Inhibition of non-muscle myosin II (NM II)–driven apical constriction altered ISC shape and reduced niche curvature and stem cell capacity. Niche curvature is decreased in aged mice, suggesting that suboptimal interactions between old ISCs and their niche develop with age. We show that activation of NM IIC or physical restriction to young topology improves in vitro regeneration by old epithelium. We propose that the increase in lateral surface area of ISCs induced by apical constriction promotes interactions between neighboring cells, and the curved topology of the intestinal niche has evolved to maximize signaling between ISCs and neighboring cells.
Topological near fields generated by topological structures
Authors: Peng Jie , Zhang Ruo-Yang , Jia Shiqi , Liu Wei , Wang Shubo
Published: October 2022

The central idea of metamaterials and metaoptics is that, besides their base materials, the geometry of structures offers a broad extra dimension to explore for exotic functionalities. Here, we discover that the topology of structures fundamentally dictates the topological properties of optical fields and offers a new dimension to exploit for optical functionalities that are irrelevant to specific material constituents or structural geometries. We find that the nontrivial topology of metal structures ensures the birth of polarization singularities (PSs) in the near field with rich morphologies and intriguing spatial evolutions including merging, bifurcation, and topological transition. By mapping the PSs to non-Hermitian exceptional points and using homotopy theory, we extract the core invariant that governs the topological classification of the PSs and the conservation law that regulates their spatial evolutions. The results bridge singular optics, topological photonics, and non-Hermitian physics, with potential applications in chiral sensing, chiral quantum optics, and beyond photonics in other wave systems.
Sexually dimorphic activation of innate antitumor immunity prevents adrenocortical carcinoma development
Authors: Wilmouth James J. , Olabe Julie , Garcia-Garcia Diana , Lucas Cécily , Guiton Rachel , Roucher-Boulez Florence , Dufour Damien , Damon-Soubeyrand Christelle , Sahut-Barnola Isabelle , Pointud Jean-Christophe , Renaud Yoan , Levasseur Adrien , Tauveron Igor , Lefrançois-Martinez Anne-Marie , Martinez Antoine , Val Pierre
Published: October 2022

Unlike most cancers, adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs) are more frequent in women than in men, but the underlying mechanisms of this sexual dimorphism remain elusive. Here, we show that inactivation of
Znrf3
in the mouse adrenal cortex, recapitulating the most frequent alteration in ACC patients, is associated with sexually dimorphic tumor progression. Although female knockouts develop metastatic carcinomas at 18 months, adrenal hyperplasia regresses in male knockouts. This male-specific phenotype is associated with androgen-dependent induction of senescence, recruitment, and differentiation of highly phagocytic macrophages that clear out senescent cells. In contrast, in females, macrophage recruitment is delayed and dampened, which allows for aggressive tumor progression. Consistently, analysis of TCGA-ACC data shows that phagocytic macrophages are more prominent in men and are associated with better prognosis. Together, these data show that phagocytic macrophages are key players in the sexual dimorphism of ACC that could be previously unidentified allies in the fight against this devastating cancer.
Dominant precessional forcing of the East Asian summer monsoon since 260 ka
Authors: Guo Benhong , Nie Junsheng , Stevens Thomas , Buylaert Jan-Pieter , Peng Tingjiang , Xiao Wenjiao , Pan Baotian , Fang Xiaomin
Published: October 2022

One of the most perplexing problems in paleoclimate research is how orbital cyclicities force East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation variation over the middle to late Quaternary. Chinese loess records suggest that EASM precipitation was dominated by 100 k.y. cycles controlled by Northern Hemisphere ice sheet forcing. In contrast, speleothem records suggest that EASM precipitation was dominated by 23 k.y. cycles caused by Northern Hemisphere summer insolation forcing. In order to resolve this inconsistency, we present high-resolution paleoclimate records from Xijin drill cores on the western Chinese Loess Plateau for the past 260 k.y., the rough upper limit of luminescence dating. Magnetic susceptibility (χ) shows clear 23 k.y. precessional cycles over interglacials but has constant low values over glacials. This is interpreted as indicating a lack of pedogenesis, such that χ cannot record EASM precipitation variations, rather than an absence of EASM variation itself. To circumvent this issue, we use inversed sand content as an alternative proxy for EASM precipitation over glacials and splice this with the interglacial logarithmic χ from Xijin drill cores. This new record reveals dominant 23 k.y. cycles over both interglacials and glacials, consistent with speleothem δ18O data and dominant insolation forcing. These findings allow a consistent understanding of EASM variability and forcing mechanisms from both loess and speleothem archives, resolving one of the largest debates in past monsoon research. These results challenge suggestions of high-latitude ice sheet forcing of the EASM based on slowly accumulated loess records from the central Loess Plateau.
Presentation of an extraordinary colic: abdominal pain as the first and only utterance of an acquired C1-inhibitor deficiency
Authors: Hanevelt Julia , de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel Wouter Hugo
Published: October 2022

C1-inhibitor deficiency is a rare disease which incorporates acute self-limiting intermittent swelling of the subcutaneous tissue and mucous membranes. Attacks most frequently affect the face and/or the upper airway. Isolated angioedema of the small bowel is an uncommon manifestation and often accompanied by diagnostic delay. In the present case, abdominal pain turned out to be the first and only utterance of an acquired C1-inhibitor deficiency, secondary to a splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Imaging showed wall thickening of the small intestine, ascites and splenomegaly. The abdominal pain and intestinal wall thickening with surrounding ascites on imaging spontaneously resolved each episode within 2–3 days. Gastrointestinal manifestations of angioedema may mimic an acute abdomen, and subsequently one-third of these patients undergo unnecessary surgery prior to a definite diagnosis. This emphasises the importance of considering the diagnosis in case of an ‘extraordinary colic’.
Automated segmentation of ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography of diabetic retinopathy using deep learning
Authors: Lee Phil-Kyu , Ra Ho , Baek Jiwon
Published: October 2022

Background/Aims

Retinal capillary non-perfusion (NP) and neovascularisation (NV) are two of the most important angiographic changes in diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study investigated the feasibility of using deep learning (DL) models to automatically segment NP and NV on ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography (UWFA) images from patients with DR.

Methods

Retrospective cross-sectional chart review study. In total, 951 UWFA images were collected from patients with severe non-proliferative DR (NPDR) or proliferative DR (PDR). Each image was segmented and labelled for NP, NV, disc, background and outside areas. Using the labelled images, DL models were trained and validated (80%) using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for automated segmentation and tested (20%) on test sets. Accuracy of each model and each label were assessed.

Results

The best accuracy from CNN models for each label was 0.8208, 0.8338, 0.9801, 0.9253 and 0.9766 for NP, NV, disc, background and outside areas, respectively. The best Intersection over Union for each label was 0.6806, 0.5675, 0.7107, 0.8551 and 0.924 and mean mean boundary F1 score (BF score) was 0.6702, 0.8742, 0.9092, 0.8103 and 0.9006, respectively.

Conclusions

DL models can detect NV and NP as well as disc and outer margins on UWFA with good performance. This automated segmentation of important UWFA features will aid physicians in DR clinics and in overcoming grader subjectivity.
Risk factors that predict mortality in patients with blunt chest wall trauma: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Battle Ceri , Carter Kym , Newey Luke , Giamello Jacopo Davide , Melchio Remo , Hutchings Hayley
Published: October 2022

Background

Over the last 10 years, research has highlighted emerging potential risk factors for poor outcomes following blunt chest wall trauma. The aim was to update a previous systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk factors for mortality in blunt chest wall trauma patients.

Methods

A systematic review of English and non-English articles using MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library from January 2010 to March 2022 was completed. Broad search terms and inclusion criteria were used. All observational studies were included if they investigated estimates of association between a risk factor and mortality for blunt chest wall trauma patients. Where sufficient data were available, ORs with 95% CIs were calculated using a Mantel-Haenszel method. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2statistic.

Results

73 studies were identified which were of variable quality (including 29 from original review). Identified risk factors for mortality following blunt chest wall trauma were: age 65 years or more (OR: 2.11; 95% CI 1.85 to 2.41), three or more rib fractures (OR: 1.96; 95% CI 1.69 to 2.26) and presence of pre-existing disease (OR: 2.86; 95% CI 1.34 to 6.09). Other new risk factors identified were: increasing Injury Severity Score, need for mechanical ventilation, extremes of body mass index and smoking status. Meta-analysis was not possible for these variables due to insufficient studies and high levels of heterogeneity.

Conclusions

The results of this updated review suggest that despite a change in demographics of trauma patients and subsequent emerging evidence over the last 10 years, the main risk factors for mortality in patients sustaining blunt chest wall trauma remained largely unchanged. A number of new risk factors however have been reported that need consideration when updating current risk prediction models used in the ED.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021242063. Date registered: 29 March 2021.https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/%23recordDetails.
Effect of endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty on gastric emptying, motility and hormones: a comparative prospective study
Authors: Vargas Eric J , Rizk Monika , Gomez-Villa Jacky , Edwards Phillip K , Jaruvongvanich Veeravich , Storm Andrew C , Acosta Andres , Lake David , Fidler Jeff , Bharucha Adil E , Camilleri Michael , Abu Dayyeh Barham K
Published: October 2022

Objective

Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) has gained global adoption but our understanding of its mechanism(s) of action and durability of efficacy is limited. We sought to determine changes in gastric emptying (GE), gastric motility (GM), hormones and eating behaviours after ESG.

Design

A priori-designed single-centre substudy of a large US randomised clinical trial, adults with obesity were randomised to ESG or lifestyle interventions (LS) alone. We measured GE, hormones and weight loss and assessed eating behaviours. In a subset of ESG patients, we assessed GM. The primary outcome was the change in T1/2(min) at 3 months, and secondary outcomes were changes in weight, GE, GM, hormones and eating behaviours. We used t-test analyses and regression to determine the association between GE and weight loss.

Results

36 (ESG=18; LS=18) participated in this substudy. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. At 3 months, T1/2was delayed in the ESG group (n=17) compared with the LS group (n=17) (152.3±47.3 vs 89.1±27.9; p<0.001). At 12 months, T1/2remained delayed in the ESG group (n=16) vs control group (n=14) (137±37.4 vs 90.1±23.4; p<0.001). Greater delays in GE at 3 months were associated with greater weight loss. GM was preserved and fasting ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1 and polypeptide YY significantly increased 18 months after ESG.

Conclusion

ESG promotes weight loss through several key mechanistic pathways involving GE and hormones while preserving GM. These findings further support clinical adoption of this technique for the management of obesity.

Trial registration number

NCT03406975.
Muon and electron $$g-2$$ anomalies in a flavor conserving 2HDM with an oblique view on the CDF $$M_W$$ value
Authors: Botella Francisco J. , Cornet-Gomez Fernando , Miró Carlos , Nebot Miguel
Published: October 2022

We consider a type I or type X two Higgs doublets model with a modified lepton sector. The generalized lepton sector is also flavor conserving but with the new Yukawa couplings completely decoupled from lepton mass proportionality. The model is one loop stable under renormalization group evolution and it allows to reproduce the $$g-2$$

g
-
2

muon anomaly together with the different scenarios one can consider for the electron $$g-2$$

g
-
2

anomaly, related to the Cesium and/or to the Rubidium recoil measurements of the fine structure constant. Thorough parameter space analyses are performed to constrain all the model parameters in the different scenarios, either including or not including the recent CDF measurement of the W boson mass. For light new scalars with masses in the 0.2–1.0 TeV range, the muon anomaly receives dominant one loop contributions; it is for heavy new scalars with masses above 1.2 TeV that two loop Barr–Zee diagrams are needed. The electron $$g-2$$

g
-
2

anomaly, if any, must always be obtained with the two loop contributions. The final allowed regions are quite sensitive to the assumptions about perturbativity of Yukawa couplings, which influence unexpected observables like the allowed scalar mass ranges. On that respect, intermediate scalar masses, highly constrained by direct LHC searches, are allowed provided that the new lepton Yukawa couplings are fully scrutinized, including values up to 250 GeV. In the framework of a complete model, fully numerically analysed, we show the implications of the recent $$M_{W}$$

M
W

measurement.
The impact of electrolyte solution concentrations on the optical characteristics of CdS nanoparticles
Authors: Gahramanli Lala , Muradov Mustafa , Azizian Yashar , Eyvazova Goncha , Balayeva Ofeliya
Published: October 2022

The aim of this work is to examine the influence of the type and concentration of an electrolyte solution on the optical characteristics of CdS nanoparticles produced by the sonochemical approach. The optical characteristics of the samples were examined using an Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometer in order to calculate the bandgap value. Acquired samples were examined on how to change the bandgap at various concentrations within various electrolyte solutions in order to ascertain the effects of various ambiences. Cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate (Cd (NO[Formula: see text]4H2O), cadmium acetate dihydrate (Cd(CH3COO)[Formula: see text]2H2O) and sodium chloride (NaCl) water solutions were utilized as electrolytes in three different environments. When the sample was exposed to a different environment, its energy spectrum changed. Measurements show that raising the concentration of various electrolyte solutions decreased the bandgap values of the samples.
Physical assessment of solidification in appearance of nanoparticles within new shaped tank
Authors: Almohsen Bandar
Published: October 2022

To discover the efficacy of loading CuO nanoparticle on freezing within a container with a narrow fin, a numerical procedure was implemented in this paper. The pure phase change material (PCM) is H2O and various sizes of nanopowders have been mixed with this material. The ignoring of velocity terms in equations leads to a mathematical model involving nanoparticle enhanced PCM (NEPCM) properties and an associated source term. Testing the procedure with the prediction of the previously published data shows good implementation of the numerical method. The used grid in this study is viable to become finer in special regions and this option can increase the accuracy of the model. The maximum impacts of dp and [Formula: see text] on freezing time are 20% and 41.28%, respectively, and both factors make the process faster. The freezing period changes from 500.12 s to 293.58 s involving the nanomaterial with a fraction of 0.04 and radius of 20 nm.
Simple Yet Secure Encoder Architecture and Ultralightweight Mutual Authentication Protocol for RFID Tags in IoT
Authors: Nagarajan Manikandan , Rajappa Muthaiah
Published: October 2022

Internet of things (IoT) has evolved as the internet of everything, and it has grabbed the interest of all the researchers in recent days. Almost all the objects, including nonelectronics devices, can also be connected with the internet through radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The security of the perception layer is crucial to secure the entire IoT network. RFID-enabled IoT perception layer has secured reader-to-server channel and unsecured tag to reader channel. Hence, securing the unsecured communication channel between the reader and the tag is the need of the hour. This work proposes a simple yet secure permutation approximate adder (SYSPXA)-based RFID mutual authentication protocol to address the need. The proposed protocol dramatically reduces the tag’s storage and computational overhead. It needs 40% less storage and 66.7% less permutation operation in comparison with the existing protocols. Nondisclosure of the key and freshness of key, IDS and random numbers at every mutual authentication process gives resistance to the protocol against de-synchronization attack, disclosure attack, tag tracking, replay attack. The SYSPXA protocol is validated for its security features using Burrows–Abadi–Needham (BAN) logic formal verification. The performance and security of the proposed protocol are contrasted with various futuristic permutation-based protocols, and its superiority over other protocols is highlighted. We have simulated the SYSPXA protocol with ModelSim tool for verifying its functionality. The protocol encoder architecture is implemented in the Intel cyclone IV Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) EP4CE115F29C7 device.
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF IMPLICIT DELAY MITTAG-LEFFLER-TYPE FRACTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: YAO SHAO-WEN , SUGHRA YASMEEN , ASMA  , INC MUSTAFA , ANSARI KHURSHEED J.
Published: October 2022

This research work is devoted to endeavor some results for a delay implicit impulsive type problem under Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative. The concerned derivative utilizes a nonlocal and non-singular kernel. We build some hypotheses to prove our results. We use Banach and Krasnoselskii fixed point theorems to derive the required results. We consider the following problem involving nonlocal and non-singular fractional derivative with delay term: [Formula: see text] here [Formula: see text], represent the order of the derivative [Formula: see text] is bounded linear operator and [Formula: see text] shows a nonlinear continuous function. Stability theory of Ulam–Hyers is used to established the stability results. We provide some examples to demonstrate our theoretical findings.
About this title - A Global Synthesis of the Ordovician System: Part 1
Authors: Harper D. A. T. , Lefebvre B. , Percival I. G. , Servais T.
Published: October 2022

The Ordovician is one of the longest and geologically most active periods in Phanerozoic history. The unique Ordovician biodiversifications established modern marine ecosystems, whereas the first plants originated on land. The two volumes cover all key topics on Ordovician research and provide a review of Ordovician successions across the globe.
Direct Chemical Oxidative Polymerization of Polymelamine and its Copolymerization with Aniline for Hydrogel Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Zhang Xue-Mei , Gao Chen , Emori Wilfred , Zuo You-Bing , Xia Yi-Qing , Tsou Chi-Hui , Peng Yin-Jie , Li Rui-Ou , Tang Yuan , Ran Rong
Published: October 2022

In this work, we report for the first time, the direct chemical oxidative polymerization of melamine (MA) to obtain polymelamine (PME) via the initiation of a common oxidant, ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS). Characterizations of MA and PME were carried out by SEM, FTIR, XPS, NMR, and TGA measurements, and the results were compared with those from published works to verify the successful synthesis of PME. The PME was further used to initiate aniline (ANI) monomers, and an emeraldine product, called PAMx, was interestingly afforded. Moreover, APS oxidant was added into the solution as a second initiator for the polymerization of the residual monomers and remaining reactive sites on PAMx, thereby directly forming the hydrogel electrode, and labeled as PAMxS. The electrochemical performances of the PANI and PAMxS hydrogel supercapacitor electrodes were compared, and a high specific capacitance of 568 F g−1 at scan rate of 2 mV s−1 was obtained for PAM6S compared with 371 F g−1 for PANI. The facile direct oxidative synthesis approach for the preparation of PME provides an efficient route for its mass production, and its initiation ability with ANI monomers holds interesting potentials for the construction of macromolecules in conductive polymer applications.
Investigation of Sn Incorporation in β-Ga2O3 Single Crystals and its Effect on Structural and Optical Properties
Authors: Vijayan V. L. Ananthu , Dhanabalan Dhandapani , Akshita Kaza Venkata , Babu Sridharan Moorthy
Published: October 2022

Undoped and Sn-doped β-Ga2O3 single crystals were grown by optical floating zone technique by varying the doping concentration of Sn from 0.05 wt% to 0.2 wt%. Uniform distribution of the dopant ions was achieved by heat treatment. The crystalline quality and the expansion of the lattice were observed from the PXRD. Raman spectra reveals the incorporation of Sn atoms into the lattice by replacing Ga in the octahedral site. The interplanar distance (d) was calculated as 2.39 Å from the HR-TEM micrographs. The transmittance was found to be decreasing from 80% to 78% as the concentration of Sn increases. The absorption spectra shows a cut off edge around 260 nm for undoped and 270 nm for all Sn doped samples. The bandgap obtained for undoped β-Ga2O3 was 4.36 eV. The doping of 0.05 wt% of Sn decrease the value of bandgap to 4.08 eV, but, for 0.1 wt% and 0.2 wt% Sn an increase in the bandgap value of 4.13 eV and 4.20 eV was observed respectively. The refractive index was found to be 1.96 at 500 nm wavelength. The increase in Sn concentration results in increase of the roughness from 1.116 nm to 3.511 nm.
Electrochemical Investigation of Ni-Co-Zn-S/AC Nano Composite for High-Performance Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Sathish S. , Navamathavan* R.
Published: October 2022

In this work, a one pot, hassle-free hydrothermal technique was implemented for synthesizing of Ni-Co-Zn-S/AC (activated carbon) composites irrespective of any surfactant in order to analysis the electrochemical performance for energy storage device applications. The crystallinity, morphology, porosity and the composition of the obtained composite material was studied by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Additionally, the as fabricated Ni-Co-Zn-S/AC composite based electrode was tested for supercapacitor applications by utilizing 3.5 M of KOH aqueous solution as electrolyte. For the supercapacitor measurements, we have preceded with cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis. The as fabricated Ni-Co-Zn-S/AC electrode exhibited a specific capacitance of about 444.4 F g−1. Thus, the Ni-Co-Zn-S/AC composite with high porous spherical morphology proved itself as a worthy electrode material for supercapacitors.
Sclerostin ablation prevents aortic valve stenosis in mice
Authors: Joll J. Ethan , Riley Lance A. , Bersi Matthew R. , Nyman Jeffry S. , Merryman W. David
Published: October 2022

We have found that genetic ablation of the Sost gene (protein: sclerostin) prevents aortic valve stenosis in aged, Western diet mice. This is a new role for sclerostin in the cardiovascular system. To the knowledge of the authors, this is one of the first studies directly manipulating sclerostin in a cardiovascular disease model and the first to specifically study the aortic valve. We also provide a potential new role for Hox genes in cardiovascular disease, noting pan- Hox upregulation in the aortic roots of sclerostin genetic knockouts. The role of Hox genes in postnatal cardiovascular health and disease is another burgeoning field of study to which this article contributes.
Hypobaric hypoxia and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity in young women
Authors: Fisher James P. , Roche Johanna , Turner Rachel , Walzl Anna , Roveri Giulia , Gatterer Hannes , Siebenmann Christoph
Published: October 2022

We examined the effects of prolonged hypobaric hypoxia (corresponding to ∼3,500-m altitude) on cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS) in young women and investigated underlying mechanisms. We found that cBRS was reduced in hypoxia and that this reduction was attenuated by acute restoration of inspiratory oxygen partial pressure but not by volitional restraint of pulmonary ventilation. These findings help to elucidate the role of arterial chemoreflex mechanisms in the control of cBRS during hypobaric hypoxia in young women.
High Expression of COL10A1 Is an Independent Predictive Poor Prognostic Biomarker and Associated with Immune Infiltration in Advanced Gastric Cancer Microenvironment
Authors: Shen Neng , Zhu Shisheng , Zhang Zhongyan , Yong Xuejiao
Published: October 2022

Medical technology has become more and more sophisticated recently, which, however, fails to contribute to a better prognosis for patients suffering advanced gastric cancer (GC). Hence, new biomarkers specific to GC diagnosis and prognosis shall be identified urgently. This study screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between 375 GC samples and 32 paracancer tissue samples from TCGA datasets. The expression of Collagen type X alpha 1 (COL10A1) in GC was analyzed. The chi-square test assisted in analyzing the relevance of COL10A1 to the clinicopathologic characteristics. The Kaplan-Meier method helped to assess the survival curves and log-rank tests assisted in the examination of the differences. The Cox proportional hazard regression model served for analyzing the risk factors for GC. Then, we developed a nomogram that contained the COL10A1 expression and clinical information. Finally, how COL10A1 expression was associated with the immune infiltration was also evaluated. In this study, 7179 upregulated and 3771 downregulated genes were identified. Among them, COL10A1 expression was distinctly increased in GC specimens compared with nontumor specimens. High COL10A1 expression exhibited an obvious relation to tumor T and pathologic stage. ROC assays confirmed the diagnostic value of COL10A1 expression in screening GC samples from normal samples. Survival data displayed that patients with high COL10A1 expression exhibited a shorter OS and DSS than those with low COL10A1 expression. We obtained a predictive nomogram, which could better predict the COL10A1 expression by virtue of discrimination and calibration. The prognostic value of COL10A1 expression was further confirmed in GSE84426 datasets. Immune assays revealed that COL10A1 expression was associated with tumor-filtrating immune cells, like CD8 T cells, cytotoxic cells, DC, eosinophils, iDC, macrophages, mast cells, NK CD56dim cells, NK cells, pDC, T helper cells, Tem, Th1 cells, Th17 cells, and Treg. Overall, we firstly proved that COL10A1 may be a novel and valuable prognostic and diagnostic factor for GC patients. In addition, COL10A1 has potential to be an immune indicator in GC.
Automatic Generation of Real-Time Animation Game Learning Levels Based on Artificial Intelligence Assistant
Authors: Zhang Rong
Published: October 2022

With the development of computer animation games, now many animation games use the automatic generation of animation game levels method to generate animation game content. Using the automatic generation levels of the animation game method can quickly generate many different levels, saving labor costs in manual production. And with the combination of other fields, more accurate results can be obtained. In this paper, the goal is to automatically generate the level of the animation game. This research proposed animation game objects and victory conditions to derive the concept of the clearance path and uses artificial intelligence genetic algorithms to obtain the clearance path that best meets the needs of the developer to recombine new levels. In addition, since the generated levels are regenerated from the clearance path, there are still too many blank areas. In order to make full use of these blank areas, this research provides a level complete system. The system has formulated its placement rules for existing animation game objects. These rules fill in these blank areas and produce a more complete level. The contributions of this search proved that the genetic algorithm can converge quickly due to the correction effect in the mutation. In the complete system, it has successfully achieved a complete and playable level. In the system running time, this research adjusted the method of selecting elites and the use of permutations and combinations to mate, so that the system’s operation can be stabilized on an average value.
Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Using Computational Intelligence Models and IoT Applications
Authors: Alghamdi Mohammed , Maray Mohammed , Alazzam Malik Bader
Published: October 2022

The use of computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) models has been proposed to aid in the detection and classification of breast cancer. In this work, we evaluated the performance of multilayer perceptron neural network and nonlinear support vector machine models to classify breast cancer nodules. From the contour of 569 samples, ten morphological features were used as input to the classifiers. The average results obtained in the set of 50 simulations performed show that the proposed models showed good performance (all exceeded 90.0%) in terms of accuracy in the test set. The nonlinear support vector machine algorithm stands out when compared to the proposed multilayer perceptron neural network algorithm, with 99% accuracy and a 2% false-negative rate. The neural network model presented lower performance than the nonlinear support vector machine classifier. With the application of the proposed models, the average results obtained are promising in the classification of breast cancer.
“I Could Really Use This”: Occupational Therapy Students’ Perceptions of Learning to Coach
Authors: Potvin Marie-Christine , West Erin K. , Morales Alexis N. , Sailor Katherine S. , Coronado Natalie
Published: October 2022

Coaching, an evidence-based approach in other fields, is relatively novel within occupational therapy (OT) and is not yet widely taught in OT programs. In recent studies, experienced occupational therapists have reported that coaching added value to their practice, but OT students’ perspectives are missing from the literature. This phenomenological study explored OT students’ (

n
=
14

) perceptions of the value of learning to coach while in fieldwork. Three themes emerged from the inductive qualitative analysis: Coaching Requires a Mindset Shift, Change is a Journey, and Impact on Clients. Occupational therapy students perceived that coaching required a different way of thinking and reimagining their role, saw the value of learning to coach in the clients’ outcomes, and recognized the potential for their future practice regardless of settings. The study findings suggest that incorporating coaching skills into OT education could be beneficial to students when they enter the profession.
Application of Preoperative Adductor Canal Block Coupled with General Anaesthesia in Elderly Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Huang Haiyan , Zhang A-feng , Gao Huaixin , Li Na , Fang Minggang
Published: October 2022

Objective. To investigate the clinical application of preoperative adductor canal block combined with general anaesthesia in elderly patients with total knee arthroplasty. Methods. Seventy-four patients scheduled for elective TKA in Shaanxi Nuclear Industry Hospital No. 215 were selected and were assigned into group A (continuous ACB prior to the induction of anaesthesia) and group B (continuous ACB after extraction of the tracheal catheter post-operatively) according to the random number table method. Pre and postoperative plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were measured; mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded at the admission and the surgical skin incision; intraoperative sufentanil dosage, number of analgesic pump presses at 48 h postoperatively; postoperative adverse effects and length of stay were recorded; resting and active VAS pain scores were assessed at 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h postoperatively. Results. Group B experienced a substantial increase in MAP and HR at the time of surgical skin incision, while group A registered a smaller change and a stable haemodynamic profile (

P
<
0.05

). The plasma adrenaline and norepinephrine concentrations in group B were elevated compared to the preoperative period, differentially with group A. Group A received less intraoperative sufentanil than Group B (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Collectively, postoperative resting VAS scores and active VAS scores remained lower in TKA patients who were subjected to preoperative and postoperative ACB, while preoperative ACB in conjunction with general anaesthesia decreased intraoperative sufentanil dosage, contained the surgical stress response, and maintained a stable intraoperative haemodynamic state, in what is probably a preferable option for elderly patients undergoing TKA. This study has served as a reference for postoperative patients to reduce their medication and for clinicians in the treatment going forward.
The Nutritional Status of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbators
Authors: Rôlo Silvestre Carina , Dias Domingues Tiago , Mateus Luís , Cavaco Maria , Nunes André , Cordeiro Ricardo , Silva Santos Teresa , Falcão Teresa , Domingos António
Published: October 2022

Introduction. Malnutrition is underdiagnosed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of COPD patients and the link between dyspnea and nutritional status. Methods. This longitudinal observational study included patients hospitalized with exacerbated COPD. Nutritional status was assessed using Nutrition Risk Screening 2002, anthropometric, and biochemical assessments, in the first 48 hours of hospitalization. Results. Thirty patients were evaluated. According to the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002, half of the patients were at increased risk of malnutrition. 36.7% were classified as malnourished if we only considered the body mass index. From the evaluation of the tricipital skin fold, 69.0% were classified as malnourished, with 48.3% having severe malnutrition. According to the serum albumin level, 29.6% had malnutrition criteria. A significant association between dyspnea and increasing age (

p
=
0.037

) was found. There was a strong association between the fold classification and the degrees of severity of dyspnea (Fisher exact test: 13.60,

p
=
0.001

, V Cramer = 0.826). Most patients were malnourished and had higher grades of dyspnea. Tricipital skinfold reflects subcutaneous adipose tissue; this anthropometric measurement seems to be a good method to classify the nutritional status of COPD patients. It classified the biggest portion of patients as malnourished. Conclusion. The number of patients classified as malnourished changed with the method under analysis. The tricipital skin fold parameter was strongly associated with the dyspnea score. Most patients had adipose tissue and muscular mass depletion.
The Association of Inflammatory Markers, IL-1α and TGF-β, with Dietary Insulin Load and Dietary Insulin Index in Overweight and Obese Women with Healthy and Unhealthy Metabolic Phenotypes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Noori Sahar , Mirzababaei Atieh , Shiraseb Farideh , Bagheri Reza , Clark Cain C. T. , Wong Alexei , Suzuki Katsuhiko , Mirzaei Khadijeh
Published: October 2022

Context Research has shown IL-1α might play a role in the associations between the MH group and DII and DIL. Objective. We evaluated the association of inflammatory markers, IL-1α and TGF-β, with dietary insulin load and index in women with healthy and unhealthy obesity phenotypes. Materials and Methods. 228 obese/overweight women aged 18–48 years were included in this study. Biochemical factors were obtained from blood samples. Body composition, anthropometric measures, and physical activity assessments were performed. Dietary intakes, DII, and DIL were assessed. Results. Significant associations were observed between the MH group and the DII group (OR = 2.142, 95% CI = 1.421, 2.850, and

p

 = 0.040), in which IL-1α may play a role. Discussion and Conclusion. Significant associations were observed between the MH group and DII. IL-1α might play a role in these associations.
The Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy in the Treatment of Patients with Urinary Calculi
Authors: Zhang Dazhao , Liang Zhiheng , Wang Daming , Lv Jie , Ding Demao , Yu Dexin
Published: October 2022

Objective. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for urinary calculi and precautions of postoperative complications. Methods. 90 patients with urinary calculi at our hospital were randomly recruited between July 2019 and July 2020 and were allocated (1 : 1) to receive either ESWL (observation group) or conventional surgery (control group). Clinical efficacy was the primary endpoint, whereas adverse events were the secondary endpoint. Results. The operation time, early activity time, and hospitalization time of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (

P
<
0.05

). ESWL resulted in less postoperative pain in patients versus conventional surgery (

P
<
0.05

). ESWL was associated with a significantly higher total clinical efficacy (97.78%) versus conventional surgery (82.22%) (

P
<
0.05

). The eligible patients given ESWL had a lower incidence of complications (11.12%) versus those given conventional surgery (31.12%) (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Hematuria prevention requires precise localization of stones as well as adjustment of pulse energy and the number of impacts due to stone changes. Precautions against renal colic necessitate complete comminution of stones intraoperatively, more postoperative water intake, moderate exercise, or injection of antispasmodic drugs and cathartics for pain relief. Nausea and vomiting precautions require preoperative recording of previous medical history and corresponding treatment, intraoperative real-time adjustment of voltage pulse frequency, and duration depending on the magnitude of intraoperative reaction. Urinary tract infection prevention requires preoperative prevention and proper postoperative anti-infection and anti-inflammatory treatment, along with enough water intake and bed rest. Other precautions include thorough comminution of the calculi, proper anti-infection and anti-inflammatory treatment, no early exercise or excessive activity after surgery, and proper postoperative care. ESWL is effective in treating patients with urinary calculi with a simple, safe, and quick operation and a low incidence of adverse events, as it effectively reduces the incidence of complications, accelerates the recovery of patients and improves their quality of life.
Assessment of Fractures in Excavation Damaged Zone around Roadways of an Iron Mine Using Optical Televiewer Detecting Method
Authors: Ren Fengyu , Qiao Xialiang , Cao Jianli
Published: October 2022

The properties of the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) are critical to the stability of the surrounding rock masses of the chamber, roadway, and dam, and fractures in the EDZ also affect the properties of the EDZ. In this paper, the fractures in the EDZ of an underground iron mine roadway were tested using borehole television (BTV). The results revealed that the better the grade of rock mass is, the less broken it was after excavation. An assessment method based on BTV image data has been proposed for evaluating the roadway’s surrounding rock. This method uses the borehole image data to classify the excavated surrounding rock into intact rock mass, joint zone, fracture zone, and broken zone based on the condition of rock and the distribution of fractures within the rock mass. A relatively complete joint zone caused by the construction of the drill and blast method was found by using this method, and the support measures should ensure that this joint zone is not damaged. The method provides a better basis for improving the support design, according to which the improved support measures have achieved a better support effect and economic benefits.
A Study on THE Mechanism of Electroacupuncture to Alleviate Visceral Pain and NGF Expression
Authors: Liang Dongdong , Ren Yelong , Huang Ledan , Jin Shenhui
Published: October 2022

Visceral pain is unbearable, and natural methods are needed to relieve it. Electroacupuncture is a relatively new technique that helps relieve visceral pain by improving blood circulation and providing energy to clogged parts of the body. However, its analgesic effect and mechanism in colorectal pain are still unknown. In this study, the visceral pain models of electroacupuncture in rats were compared and discussed, using nanocomponents to stimulate the expression and mechanism of the nerve growth factor in colorectal pain and electroacupuncture and to observe the expression and mechanism of nerve growth factor in visceral pain relief rats induced by nanocomponents and electroacupuncture. The results show that nanocomponents can effectively relieve visceral pain under the action of electroacupuncture. NGF can activate endogenous proliferation, migration, differentiation, and integration. NSC can promote nerve regeneration and recovery after injury.