bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver cirrhosis: systematic review
Authors: Pimentel R , Gregório C , Figueiredo P
Published: July 2021

Background and aim: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is a potentially life-threatening infection in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. Its prevention is vital to improve prognosis of cirrhotic patients. The main objective of this systematic review was to evaluate what is the most efficacious and safest antibiotic prophylactic strategy.

Methods: Studies were located by searching PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in The Cochrane Library until February 2019. Randomized controlled trials evaluating primary or secondary spontaneous bacterial peritonitis prophylaxis in cirrhotic patients with ascites were included. The selection of studies was performed in two stages: screening of titles and abstracts, and assessment of the full papers identified as relevant, considering the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted in a standardized way and synthesized qualitatively.

Results: Fourteen studies were included. This systematic review demonstrated that daily norfloxacin is effective as a prophylactic antibiotic for the prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis. Once weekly ciprofloxacin was not inferior to once daily norfloxacin, with good tolerance and no induced resistance. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and norfloxacin have similar efficacy for primary and secondary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, however, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was associated with an increased risk of developing an adverse event. Rifaximin was more effective than norfloxacin in the secondary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, with a significant decrease in adverse events and mortality rate.

Conclusions: Continuous long-term selective intestinal decontamination with norfloxacin is the most widely used prophylactic strategy in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, yet other equally effective and safe options are available.
Pemphigus vulgaris presenting as esophageal ulceration. Report of an underdiagnosed manifestation
Authors: Leal C , Silva M , Barbeiro S , Vasconcelos H
Published: July 2021

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare autoimmune blistering disorder of the skin and mucous membranes. The true prevalence of esophageal involvement is unknown; esophageal symptoms almost always occur in the context of oral mucosa involvement. We report the case of a 66-year-old man with cutaneous blisters and esophageal symptoms that did not respond to acid suppression therapy. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed esophageal ulcers and mucosal desquamation. Biopsies were consistent with the diagnosis of PV. The patient was started on immunosuppressive therapy, achieving remission. This represents a rare case of esophageal involvement of PV without mucosal involvement and draws attention to a rare cause of dysphagia, which can be fatal if left untreated
Duodenal metastasis of breast invasive carcinoma of no special type: a rare presentation
Authors: Mascarenhas Saraiva M , Ribeiro T , Coelho A.R. , Silva R , Real A.C. , Macedo G
Published: July 2021

The authors read with attention the case report by Vande Berg and coworkers, published on a previous issue of this journal, describing a rare diagnosis of rectal metastases of an incognito invasive lobular breast carcinoma (ILC), for which immunohistochemistry was decisive (1). Likewise, we share a similarly rare case of gastrointestinal metastases of breast carcinoma (BC), in which immunohistochemistry played a pivotal role.A 55-year-old woman was diagnosed in June 2015 with an Invasive Breast Carcinoma of no-special-type (IBCNST) grade III, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive, estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER/PR) negative. Biopsy revealed vascular permeation. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab preceded surgery, performed in December 2015, followed by radiotherapy and trastuzumab. The patient remained free of disease until 2017, when a right cerebellar lesion was diagnosed as BC metastasis and was treated with stereotactic radiosurgery. In January 2020, the patient presented with a 1-month history of post-prandial vomiting, epigastric pain, anorexia, fatigue, and a 10 kg weight loss. Lab tests were unremarkable, except for small increase in CA-125 and CA-15.3.
An unexpected liver lesion?
Authors: De Somer T , D’Hondt M , Carels K , Monsaert E , Bouderez V , Vanderstraeten E , Alaerts H , Van Steenkiste C
Published: July 2021

A 50-year-old woman presented with pain in her right upper abdomen. In her medical history we note a Caesarean section and a laparotomy with bilateral ovariectomy because of benign cysts. The liver enzymes were mildly elevated: aspartate transaminase 40 U/l (reference < 32 U/l), alanine transaminase 53 U/l (reference < 31 U/l), gamma-glutamyl transferase 97 U/l (reference 5 – 36). Computed tomography (CT) revealed a large lesion in the right liver lobe with a cyst within cyst appearance and with important compression of the surrounding tissue (figure 1, panel A). The total diameter measured 29 cm by 17 cm by 22 cm.
A rare cause of acute abdomen in a young female patient
Authors: Matsumoto N , Fujikawa H , Nishioka S , Yamashita S , Yoshizawa T
Published: July 2021

A 37-year-old woman presented to the hospital with a 3-day history of right upper quadrant pain (RUQP), which worsened with deep breathing. On examination, she had fever (38°C) and RUQ tenderness. Laboratory tests showed white-cell count of 8.1 × 109/L and C-reactive protein level of 29.4 mg/L. Liver profiles were within normal range (aspartate aminotransferase 20 U/L and alanine aminotransferase 22 U/L). Immediately, contrastenhanced computed tomography (CECT) was performed (Figure 1). What is your diagnosis?
DIDÁCTICA DE LA FABRICACIÓN AUTOMOVILÍSTICA: ANÁLISIS PRÁCTICO
Authors: Carreras Martín Vanesa
Published: July 2021

Es un hecho que el ser humano es un ser de costumbres y como tal, es complicado desarraigarse de las mismas. En pleno siglo XXI, uno de los factores generales que presenta una gran importancia es que todos los habitantes del planeta dispongan de conciencia medio ambiental, y se respete, pudiendo explotar actividades sin una excesiva repercusión. En la actualidad, numerosas empresas y fábricas adaptan paulatinamente la explotación, incluyendo el mantenimiento, con el fin de reducir emisiones y adecuarse a la situación mundial actual. El mantenimiento y el medio ambiente comparten que ambos no deben apreciarse como un coste sino como una inversión que a corto plazo supone ahorros económicos importantes. Entrando más al detalle, la misión de la adaptación consiste en la reducción de consumos energéticos, aumentar la calidad de los productos, reducir la cantidad de rechazos y residuos que se pueden producir, incrementar la productividad, reducir los costes globales de esta actividad productiva, disminuir los riesgos para las personas y los efectos negativos sobre el medio ambiente. El objetivo real del análisis es, en definitiva, exponer los procesos productivos, la composición del proyecto técnico de los procesos, el programa de mantenimiento, las herramientas para toma de decisiones y los costes.
Atmospheric Measurements at the Foot and the Summit of Mt. Tai – Part II: HONO Budget and Radical (ROx + NO3) Chemistry in the Lower Boundary Layer
Authors: Xue Chaoyang , Ye Can , Kleffmann Jörg , Zhang Wenjin , He Xiaowei , Liu Pengfei , Zhang Chenglong , Zhao Xiaoxi , Liu Chengtang , Ma Zhuobiao , Liu Junfeng , Wang Jinhe , Lu Keding , Catoire Valéry , Mellouki Abdelwahid , Mu Yujing
Published: July 2021

Abstract. In the summer of 2018, a comprehensive field campaign, with measurements on HONO and related parameters, was conducted at the foot (150 m a.s.l.) and the summit of Mt. Tai (1534 m a.s.l.) in the central North China Plain (NCP). With the implementation of a 0-D box model, the HONO budget with six additional sources and its role in radical chemistry at the foot station were explored. We found that the model default source, NO + OH, could only reproduce the observed HONO by 13 %, leading to a strong unknown source strength up to 3 ppbv h−1. Among the additional sources, the NO2 uptake on the ground surface dominated (~70 %) night-time HONO formation, and its photo-enhanced reaction dominated (~80 %) daytime HONO formation. Their contributions were sensitive to the mixing layer height (MLH) used for the parameterizations, highlighting the importance of a reasonable MLH for exploring ground-level HONO formation in 0-D models and the necessity of gradient measurements. A HONO / NOx ratio of 0.7 % for the direct emission was inferred and a new method to quantify its contribution to the observations was proposed and discussed. Aerosol-derived sources, including the NO2 uptake on the aerosol surface and the particulate nitrate photolysis, did not lead to significant HONO formation, with their contributions lower than NO + OH. HONO photolysis in the early morning initialized the daytime photochemistry at both the foot and the summit stations and also was a substantial radical source throughout the daytime, with contributions higher than or about one-quarter of O3 photolysis to OH initiation at the foot and the summit stations, respectively. Moreover, we found that OH dominated the atmospheric oxidizing capacity in the daytime, while NO3 appeared to be significant at night. Peaks of NO3 time series and diurnal variation reached 22 and 9 pptv, respectively. NO3 induced reactions contribute 18 % of nitrate formation potential (P(HNO3)) and 11 % of the isoprene (C5H8) oxidation throughout the whole day. At night, NO3 chemistry led to 51 % or 44 % of P(HNO3) or the C5H8 oxidation, respectively. NO3 chemistry may significantly affect night-time secondary organic and inorganic aerosol formation in this high-O3 region, implying that NO3 chemistry could significantly affect night-time secondary organic and inorganic aerosol formation in this high-O3 region. Considering the severe O3 pollution in the NCP and the very limited NO3 measurements, we suggest that besides direct measurements of HOx and primary HOx precursors (O3, HONO, alkenes, etc.), NO3 measurements should be conducted to understand the atmospheric oxidizing capacity and air pollution formation in this and similar regions.
Positive and negative influences of landfalling typhoons on tropospheric ozone over southern China
Authors: Chen Zhixiong , Liu Jane , Cheng Xugeng , Yang Mengmiao , Wang Hong
Published: July 2021

Abstract. In this study, we use an ensemble of 17 landfalling typhoons over 2014–2018 to investigate the positive and negative influences of typhoons on tropospheric ozone over southern China. Referring to the proximity to typhoons and typhoon developmental stages, we found that surface ozone is enhanced when typhoons are 400–1500 km away during the initial stages of typhoons (e.g., from 1 day before and to 1 day after typhoon genesis). The positive ozone anomaly averagely reaches 10–20 ppbv at the daytime and 9 ppbv at nighttime compared with the background ozone level. Particularly, surface ozone at radial distances of 1100–1300 km is most significantly enhanced during these initial stages. As the typhoons approach and land in southern China, the influences of typhoons change from enhancing to reducing ozone. Surface ozone concentrations decrease with a negative ozone anomaly ranging between -12 % ~ -17 % relative to the background ozone level. We explore the physical linkages between typhoons, meteorological conditions and ozone variations. Results show that during typhoon initial stages, the increasing temperature and weak winds in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and dominating downward motions promote ozone production and accumulation over the outskirts of typhoons. While the deteriorating weather accompanied by dropping temperature, wind gales and convective activity reduces the production and accumulation of surface ozone when typhoons are making landfalling. Variations of tropospheric ozone profiles during the differential developmental stages of landfalling typhoons are further examined to quantify the influences of typhoon-induced stratospheric intrusions on lower troposphere and surface ozone. Using temporally dense ozone vertical observations, we found two regions of high ozone concentrations separately located in the ABL and the middle-to-upper troposphere under the influences of typhoons. Averagely, the ozone enhancement maximizes around 10–12 ppbv at 1–1.5 km altitude at the typhoon initial stages. The ozone enhancement persists over a longer period in the middle-to-upper troposphere with a positive ozone anomaly of 10 ppbv at 7–8 km altitude shortly after typhoon genesis, and 30 ppbv near 12 km altitude when typhoons reach their maximum intensity. When typhoons are landing, a negative ozone anomaly appears and extends upward with a maximum ozone reduction of 14–18 ppbv at 5 km altitude and 20–25 ppbv at 11 km altitude. Though the overall tropospheric ozone is usually reduced during typhoon landfalling, we quantify that five of eight typhoon samples deduce ozone-rich air with the stratospheric origin (80 ppbv) above 4 km altitude, and in 3 typhoon cases the ozone-rich air intrusions (60 ppbv) can sink to the ABL. This suggests that the typhoon-induced stratospheric ozone-rich air intrusions play an important role in surface ozone enhancement.
Simultaneous assessment of oxygen and nitrate-based net community production in a temperate shelf sea from a single ocean glider
Authors: Hull Tom , Greenwood Naomi , Birchill Antony , Beaton Alexander , Palmer Mathew , Kaiser Jan
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The continental shelf seas are important at a global scale for ecosystem services. These highly dynamic regions are under a wide range of stresses and as such future management requires appropriate monitoring measures. A key metric to understanding and predicting future change are the rates of biological productivity. We present here the use of a single autonomous underwater glider with oxygen (O2) and total oxidised nitrogen (NOx− = NO3− + NO2−) sensors during a spring bloom as part of a 2019 pilot autonomous shelf sea monitoring study. We find exceptionally high rates of net community production using both O2 and NOx− water column inventory changes, corrected for air-sea gas exchange in case of O2. We compare these rates with 2007 and 2008 mooring observations finding similar rates of NOx− consumption. With these complementary methods we determine the O:N amount ratio of the newly produced organic matter (7.8±0.4) and the overall O2:N ratio for the total water column (5.7±0.4). The former is close to the canonical Redfield O2:N ratio of 8.6±1.0, whereas the latter may be explained by a combination of new organic matter production and preferential remineralisation of more reduced organic matter at a higher O2:N ratio below the euphotic zone.
Ocean Plastic Assimilator v0.2: assimilation of plastic concentration data into Lagrangian dispersion models
Authors: Peytavin Axel , Sainte-Rose Bruno , Forget Gael , Campin Jean-Michel
Published: July 2021

Abstract. A numerical scheme to perform data assimilation of concentration measurements in Lagrangian models is presented, along with its first implementation called Ocean Plastic Assimilator, which aims to improve predictions of the distributions of plastics over the oceans. This scheme uses an ensemble method over a set of particle dispersion simulations. At each step, concentration observations are assimilated across the ensemble members by switching back and forth between Eulerian and Lagrangian representations. We design two experiments to assess the scheme efficacy and efficiency when assimilating simulated data in a simple double-gyre model. Analysis convergence is observed with higher accuracy when lowering observation variance or using a circulation model closer to the real circulation. Results show that the distribution of the mass of plastics in an area can effectively be improved with this simple assimilation scheme. Direct application to a real ocean dispersion model of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is presented with simulated observations, which gives similarly encouraging results. Thus, this method is considered a suitable candidate for creating a tool to assimilate plastic concentration observations in real-world applications to estimate and forecast plastic distributions in the oceans. Finally, several improvements that could further enhance the method efficiency are identified.
The SMHI Large Ensemble (SMHI-LENS) with EC-Earth3.3.1
Authors: Wyser Klaus , Koenigk Torben , Fladrich Uwe , Fuentes-Franco Ramon , Karami Mehdi Pasha , Kruschke Tim
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute used the global climate model EC-Earth3 to perform a large ensemble of simulations (SMHI-LENS). It consists of 50 members, covers the period 1970 to 2100, and comprises the SSP1-1.9, SSP3-3.4, SSP5-3.4-OS, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Thus, it is currently the only large ensemble that allows for analyzing the effect of delayed mitigation actions versus no mitigation efforts and versus earlier efforts leading to similar radiative forcing at the year 2100. We describe the set-up of the SMHI-LENS in detail and provide first examples of its application. The ensemble mean future changes in key variables in the atmosphere and ocean are analyzed and compared against the variability across the ensemble members. In agreement with other large-ensemble simulations, we find that the future changes in the near-surface temperature are more robust than those for precipitation or sea level pressure. As an example of a possible application of the SMHI-LENS, we analyze the probability of exceeding specific global surface warming levels in the different scenarios. None of the scenarios is able to keep global warming in the 21st century below 1.5 ∘C. In SSP1-1.9 there is a probability of approximately 70 % to stay below 2 ∘C warming, while all other SSPs exceed this target in every single member of SMHI-LENS during the course of the century. We also investigate the point in time when the SSP5-8.5 and SSP5-3.4 ensembles separate, i.e., when their differences become significant, and likewise when the SSP5-3.4-OS and SSP4-3.4 ensembles become similar. Last, we show that the time of emergence of a separation between different scenarios can vary by several decades when reducing the ensemble size to 10 members.
Ensemble streamflow forecasting over a cascade reservoir catchment with integrated hydrometeorological modeling and machine learning
Authors: Liu Junjiang , Yuan Xing , Zeng Junhan , Jiao Yang , Li Yong , Zhong Lihua , Yao Ling
Published: July 2021

Abstract. A popular way to forecast streamflow is to use bias-corrected meteorological forecast to drive a calibrated hydrological model, but these hydrometeorological approaches have deficiency over small catchments due to uncertainty in meteorological forecasts and errors from hydrological models, especially over catchments that are regulated by dams and reservoirs. For a cascade reservoir catchment, the discharge of the upstream reservoir contributes to an important part of the streamflow over the downstream areas, which makes it tremendously hard to explore the added value of meteorological forecasts. Here, we integrate the meteorological forecast, land surface hydrological model simulation and machine learning to forecast hourly streamflow over the Yantan catchment, where the streamflow is influenced both by the upstream reservoir water release and the rainfall-runoff processes within the catchment. Evaluation of the hourly streamflow hindcasts during the rainy seasons of 2013–2017 shows that the hydrometeorological ensemble forecast approach reduces probabilistic forecast error by 10 % and deterministic forecast error by 6 % as compared with the traditional ensemble streamflow prediction (ESP) approach during the first 7 days. The deterministic forecast error can be further reduced by 6 % in the first 72 hours when combining the hydrometeorological forecast with the long short-term memory (LSTM) deep learning method. However, the forecast skill for LSTM using only historical observations drops sharply after the first 24 hours. This study implies the potential of improving flood forecast over a cascade reservoir catchment by integrating meteorological forecast, hydrological modeling and machine learning.
Producing realistic climate data with generative adversarial networks
Authors: Besombes Camille , Pannekoucke Olivier , Lapeyre Corentin , Sanderson Benjamin , Thual Olivier
Published: July 2021

Abstract. This paper investigates the potential of a Wasserstein generative adversarial network to produce realistic weather situations when trained from the climate of a general circulation model (GCM). To do so, a convolutional neural network architecture is proposed for the generator and trained on a synthetic climate database, computed using a simple three dimensional climate model: PLASIM. The generator transforms a “latent space”, defined by a 64-dimensional Gaussian distribution, into spatially defined anomalies on the same output grid as PLASIM. The analysis of the statistics in the leading empirical orthogonal functions shows that the generator is able to reproduce many aspects of the multivariate distribution of the synthetic climate. Moreover, generated states reproduce the leading geostrophic balance present in the atmosphere. The ability to represent the climate state in a compact, dense and potentially nonlinear latent space opens new perspectives in the analysis and handling of the climate. This contribution discusses the exploration of the extremes close to a given state and how to connect two realistic weather situations with this approach.
Dynamic crack propagation in weak snowpack layers: insights from high-resolution, high-speed photography
Authors: Bergfeld Bastian , van Herwijnen Alec , Reuter Benjamin , Bobillier Grégoire , Dual Jürg , Schweizer Jürg
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Dynamic crack propagation in snow is of key importance
for avalanche release. Nevertheless, it has received very little
experimental attention. With the introduction of the propagation saw test
(PST) in the mid-2000s, a number of studies have used particle tracking
analysis of high-speed video recordings of PST experiments to study crack
propagation processes in snow. However, due to methodological limitations,
these studies have provided limited insight into dynamical processes such as the
evolution of crack speed within a PST or the touchdown distance, i.e. the
length from the crack tip to the trailing point where the slab comes to rest
on the crushed weak layer. To study such dynamical effects, we recorded PST
experiments using a portable high-speed camera with a horizontal resolution
of 1280 pixels at rates of up to 20 000 frames s−1. We then used digital
image correlation (DIC) to derive high-resolution displacement and strain
fields in the slab, weak layer and substrate. The high frame rates enabled
us to calculate time derivatives to obtain velocity and acceleration fields.
We demonstrate the versatility and accuracy of the DIC method by showing
measurements from three PST experiments, resulting in slab fracture, crack
arrest and full propagation. We also present a methodology to determine
relevant characteristics of crack propagation, namely the crack speed
(20–30 m s−1), its temporal evolution along the column and touchdown
distance (2.7 m) within a PST, and the specific fracture energy of the weak
layer (0.3–1.7 J m−2). To estimate the effective elastic modulus of
the slab and weak layer as well as the weak layer specific fracture energy,
we used a recently proposed mechanical model. A comparison to already-established methods showed good agreement. Furthermore, our methodology
provides insight into the three different propagation results found with the
PST and reveals intricate dynamics that are otherwise not accessible.
Synoptic processes of winter precipitation in the Upper Indus Basin
Authors: Baudouin Jean-Philippe , Herzog Michael , Petrie Cameron A.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Precipitation in the Upper Indus Basin is triggered by cross-barrier moisture transport. Winter precipitation events are particularly active in this region and are driven by an approaching upper troposphere Western Disturbance. Here statistical tools are used to decompose the winter precipitation timeseries into a wind and a moisture contribution. The relationship between each contribution and the Western Disturbances are investigated. We find that the wind contribution is not only related to the intensity of the upper troposphere disturbances but also to their thermal structure through baroclinic processes. Particularly, a short-lived baroclinic interaction between the Western Disturbance and the lower altitude cross-barrier flow occurs due to the shape of the relief. This interaction explains both the high activity of Western Disturbances in the area, as well as their quick decay as they move further east. We also revealed the existence of a moisture pathway from the Red Sea, to the Persian Gulf and the north of the Arabian Sea. A Western Disturbance strengthens this flow and steers it towards the Upper Indus Plain, particularly if it originates from a more southern latitude. In cases where the disturbance originates from the north-west, its impact on the moisture flow is limited, since the advected continental dry air drastically limits the precipitation output. The study offers a conceptual framework to study the synoptic activity of Western Disturbances as well as key parameters that explain their precipitation output. This can be used to investigate meso-scale processes or intra-seasonal to inter-annual synoptic activity.
Uma medicina humanista
Authors: LIMA Nísia Trindade
Published: July 2021

Na melhor tradição da medicina humanista, o segundo encontro Academia na Serra reuniu médicos/intelectuais da Academia Nacional de Medicina e de outras sociedades e instituições. De modo similar à primeira edição, tratou-se de aproximar diferentes perspectivas sobre temas diversos envolvendo problemas médico-científicos relevantes, grandes questões da saúde pública e desafios para o conhecimento científico, e suas implicações éticas, na sociedade contemporânea. Ao publicar os textos das palestras, os Anais da Academia Nacional de Medicina cumprem, mais uma vez, importante papel ao disseminar conhecimento e promover o necessário ambiente de diálogo que amplie seu alcance e sentido; um diálogo que perde um pouco a intimidade do salão de convívio dos acadêmicos, mas se renova em contato com o público do prestigioso periódico. Em tempos de pandemia preservar o valor do conhecimento e dos encontros que o enriquecem não é tarefa simples. Portanto, estão de parabéns organizadores e autores que nos permitem entrar um pouco nesse “clima da serra”.
Permanecendo em boa companhia
Authors: CHAVES Maria Isabel de Sá Earp de Resende
Published: July 2021

No Jubileu da Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis (FMP), em 2017, tivemos a oportunidade de manifestar nossa gratidão e entusiasmo pela realização do Simpósio “A Academia na Serra”, promovido pela Academia Nacional de Medicina (ANM) e a Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), por iniciativa de destacados ex-alunos da FMP, um deles integrante destas duas instituições centenárias, cujas histórias confundem-se com a história da medicina e da saúde pública em nosso País. O Simpósio mereceu a publicação de número especial dos Anais da ANM (vol. 190/2 – 2019), que deixou registrado o alto nível das discussões científicas realizadas. Naquela ocasião, ressaltei a inestimável oportunidade, generosamente oferecida à FMP, de expor os estudantes de medicina ao extenso saber e à irretocável experiência profissional dos palestrantes. Mais do que isto, de sensibilizá-los e inspirá-los a exercer a medicina como fonte de sua alegria e dever, compromissados com o respeito ao sofrimento humano, na preciosa síntese do Editor-Chefe dos Anais da ANM, Acadêmico José Galvão-Alves.
Capitais Nordestinas do Brasil: análise de indicadores de pobreza a partir de dados censitários de 2010
Authors: Borgneth Petrus Julia Katia , Pereira Junior Magno Vasconcelos
Published: July 2021

Este artigo trata de conhecer as capitais nordestinas do Brasil mediante variáveis que indicam vulnerabilidades, obtidas de dados censitários de 2010, confrontando a dimensão demográfica com o Censo de 2000. O objetivo é estudar variáveis e indicadores que apontam pobreza nas capitais da Região Nordeste. Ademais, foi estudado, primeiramente a cidade como um todo, para, então, contextualizar capitais/cidades. Identificou-se as capitais mais fragilizadas por meio de nove variáveis, porém para encontrar o Índice de Desigualdade Socioespacial – IDSE, destacou-se sete variáveis que indicam pobreza em quatro dimensões: Dimensão Demográfica; Dimensão de Infraestrutura; Dimensão Educacional e Dimensão Econômica. A capital de São Luís é a que detém indicadores e variáveis mais alarmantes, com o Índice de Desigualdade Socioespacial – IDSE de 0,83, ou seja, quanto mais perto de 1, maior a desigualdade socioespacial. As capitais Salvador e Aracaju são as que apontam para melhores indicadores, com IDSE de 0,42 e 0,39, respectivamente, índices mais próximos de 0, que é ausência de desigualdade social.
Palavras-chave: capital. Nordeste. desigualdade socioespacial. indicadores.
Theory of Bijective Hypersoft Set with Application in Decision Making
Authors: Rahman Atiqe Ur , Saeed Muhammad , Hafeez Abida
Published: July 2021

Hypersoft set (an extension of soft set) is a new mathematical tool to tackle the inadequacy of soft set for attribute-valued sets. In
this study, concept of bijective hypersoft set is proposed and some of its
set theoretic operations like restricted-AND and relaxed-AND, are characterized. Moreover, new operations of bijective hypersoft set such as dependency, decision system, significance of decision system, reduced decision system and decision rules in decision system, are discussed with
illustrated examples. A decision making algorithm and application are
discussed with the support of these proposed operations.
PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN DAN PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP SELF EFFICACY IBU DALAM MELAKUKAN BABY MASSAGE DAN BABY GYM DI DESA MADEGONDO KECAMATAN GROGOL KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO
Authors: Gipfel Remedina  , Fitria Hayu Palupi
Published: July 2021

Pijat bayi biasa disebut dengan stimulus touch. Pijat bayi dapat diartikan sebagai sentuhan komunikasi yang nyaman antara ibu dan bayi. Jadi, pijat bayi ini merupakan suatu pengungkapan rasa kasih sayang antara orang tua dengan anak lewat sentuhan pada kulit yang dapat memberikan dampak yang luar biasa. Sentuhan dan pijat pada bayi setelah kelahiran dapat memberikan jaminan adanya kontak tubuh berkelanjutan yang dapat mempertahankan perasaan nyaman pada bayi. Sentuhan dan pijat menghasilkan perubahan fisiologis yang menguntungkan berupa peningkatan pertumbuhan, peningkatan daya tahan tubuh, dan kecerdasan emosi lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh pengetahuan dan Pendidikan tehadap self efficacy ibu dalam melakukan baby massage dan baby gym di Desa Madegondo, Kecamatan Grogol, Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu yang memiliki bayi balita di Desa Madegondo Kecamatan Grogol Kabupaten Sukoharjo sejumlah 29 orang. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 29 orang, di ambil secara total sampling. Variable independent penelitian ini adalah pengetahuan dan Pendidikan dan variable dependen penelitian ini adalah self efficacy ibu dalam melakukan baby massage dan baby gym. Intrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner. Pengolahan data Editing, Coding, Scoring, Tabulating. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat pendidikan akademi memiliki tingkat self efficacy baik sebanyak 37,93% (11 responden), sedangkan tingkat pengetahuan sangat baik memiliki tingkat self efficacy baik sebanyak 31,03 % (9 responden). Uji statistic menunjukkan bahwa Hasil penelitian Fhitung lebih kecil dari pada F tabel (0,385 < 4,21 < 7,67 ). maka disimpulkan Ho diterima dan Ha ditolak. yang artinya tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan pendidikan dengan self efficacy. Kesimpulan penelitian ini tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan Pendidikan dengan self efficacy ibu dalam melakukan baby massage dan baby gym di desa madegondo kecamatan grogolkabupaten sukoharjo
2018 Presidential elections in Georgia (Elections without a leader)
Authors: Tukvadze Avtandil , Abzianidze Akaki , Ubilava Irakli , Gelashvili Helen
Published: July 2021

The article notes that the Constitution of 2018, which came into force since the inauguration of the President, establishes the model of Parliamentary governance in the country and this was the last time President was chosen through universal public elections (6 year term), from 2024 President will be chosen (for 5 years) by election board and Country will totally shift to Parliamentary form of governance. The work analyzes aggressive pre-election campaign factors: socio-economic conditions, the management team's mistakes, features of political culture, contrast of Georgian mentality and consciousness, mutual accusations of candidates in protecting Russia’s interests - the "war with compromises", pre-election promises of Salome Zurabishvili and Grigol Vashadze, Government resources used in favor of a government-supported candidate, preliminary reports published by international (according to which the legitimacy of the election was not doubted, but there were critisizing comments), new initiatives announced in inauguration speech of newly elected President (democratic values ​​and political priorities), which gives the public hope for the future.
The Profitability of Momentum Trading Strategies in the Irish Equity Market
Authors: O'Sullivan Fionnghuala , O'Sullivan Niall
Published: July 2021

We examine the profitability of momentum-based trading strategies in the Irish equity market between 1988 and 2007. We investigate a range of trading strategies over alternative backward-looking ranking periods and forward-looking holding horizons as well as for alternative size momentum portfolios. We find that returns to momentum-based strategies are highly non-normally distributed, giving rise to concern about the validity ofinferences based on standard statistical tests of their abnormal performance. We therefore apply a bootstrap procedure to construct nonparametric p-values for the portfolio performance measures. Overall, we find little evidence that momentum-based trading strategies would have yielded an abnormal risk-adjusted return over the period. The Irish equity market appears to be quite efficient in this respect.
Predictability Revisited: UK Equity Returns 1965-2007
Authors: Bowen David A. , Hutchinson Mark C. , O'Sullivan Niall
Published: July 2021

This study tests a large sample of UK equity returns from 1965 to 2007 for predictability. Returns are tested using the Lo and MacKinlay (1988) variance ratio test and the Chow and Denning (1993) multiple variance ratio tests. Overall, the results show strong signs of predictability. There is a size effect, in which small equities appear more predictable in the first half of the sample (1965– 1985), and mid- to large size equities appear more predictable in the second half of the sample (1986–2007).
Securitisation, Transparency and Failure Risk
Authors: O'Brien Patricia C.
Published: July 2021

Banks and other financial companies use securitisation to redistribute risk and increase liquidity by pooling and selling assets. This paper reviews the typical set-up of a securitisation and its potential benefits and risks, including the tendency to concentrate risk in positions retained by the sponsor. The paper illustrates how the accounting for these transactions facilitates this risk concentration and impedes transparency. It discusses some academic evidence on securitisations and the role these complex transactions played in the recent financial crisis and in Ireland’s banking sector afterwards.
Knowledge and Barriers to Use of Low-Osmolarity Oral Rehydration Solution and Zinc Supplementation in the Management of Childhood Diarrhea Among Primary Health Care Providers in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: J.U. Ogugua , E.N. Chiejina
Published: July 2021

Low-Osmolarity Oral Rehydration Solution (L-ORS) and zinc supplementation remain the recommended gold standard for the management of childhood diarrhoea. However, since 2005, there has been little or no progress in increasing the use of L-ORS and zinc supplementation in the management of children under 5 years with diarrhoea. The study, therefore, assessed the knowledge and barriers to the use of low osmolarity ORS and zinc supplementation among primary healthcare providers. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional design carried out among health care providers working in government-owned primary health centres across the 27 LGAs of Imo State Nigeria. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data from randomly selected 340 health care providers. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and a chi-square test. Out of the 340 healthcare providers who participated in the study, a higher proportion of respondents demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge (75.86%), which was reflected in their moderate extent of use of L-ORS and zinc supplementation in the management of childhood diarrhoea. Major barriers contributing to the suboptimal use of L-ORS and zinc included poor availability of L-ORS and zinc supplementation (85.9%), limited training and re-training of health care workers (60.9%) and poor communication of current public trends among health providers (81.5%). Findings from the study also indicated that the level of knowledge on the use of L-ORS - zinc and cadre of the health providers were significantly associated with the use of L-ORS and zinc: p-value 0.01, p-value < 0.01 respectively. Despite the moderate level of knowledge on the use of L-ORS and zinc, there still remained identifiable knowledge gaps on key factors underlying the use of the recommended L-ORS and zinc, hence there is a need for continuous training and re-training programs for health care workers to improve their knowledge and skillsets towards promoting sustainable use of Low ORS and Zinc supplementation in the management of childhood diarrhoea.
Holy or Unholy Alliance? Political Coalition, Interest Articulation and Governance in New Democracies
Authors: Salihu Mustapha
Published: July 2021

Employing qualitative content analysis and building on the submissions of coalition data theories, the study ascertains the governability and extent to which Nigeria’s ruling coalition, the All Progressives Congress (APC) is able to effectively aggregate various political interests and deliver on its campaign promises. Within mainstream studies, there is a consensus on the uphill task of labelling political parties as office, or policy seeking, exclusively. Nonetheless, the study argues, despite running on key programs of fighting corruption, countering Boko Haram and diversifying the economy, the APC fits the description of an office-seeking coalition. Although the party attracted key regional power brokers from two main opposition parties, the Congress for Progressive Change and Action Congress, and aggrieved members of the former ruling party, now main opposition the then ruling People’s Democratic Party. Shortly after it took power in 2015, the APC could not reach a consensus on the appointment of principal officers for the 8th National Assembly, as this was the practice. The maneuverings that led to the selection process, the uneasy relationship between legislature and executive, as well as attempts by leaders from coalescing parties to superimpose on the party which had adverse effects on the supremacy of Nigeria’s ruling coalition and institutionalization of partisan party politics. While conflicts of interests are not unusual in politics, its prevalence within Nigeria’s ruling coalition adversely affects the probability of the party to actualize its campaign programs, given the seeming battle for the soul of the party. However, the dissolution of the party’s National Working Committee in 2020 and the constitution of the APC Caretaker committee by President Muhammad Buhari suggests, the party is making conscious attempts to reconcile aggrieved members, register new members and retrace its steps in preparation for the 2023 general election.
Letramentos múltiplos, multimodalidades e multiletamentos: os usos da linguagem na era digital vol. 1
Authors: Barroso Roberta Santana , Fofano Clodoaldo Sanches , Silva Sinthia Moreira , Luquetti Eliana Crispim França
Published: July 2021

Este livro reúne perspectivas diferenciadas dos letramentos múltiplos, a fim de enfatizar a evidente situação das interações de comunicação nas relações sociais nas plataformas digitais. Diante das práticas letradas mediadas pelas tecnologias digitais e suas múltiplas linguagens realizadas em diferentes dispositivos, é necessário apropriar-se da capacidade de entender e usar a informação disponível em rede de maneira crítica em uma abordagem focada no desenvolvimento de habilidades operacionais no uso das tecnologias digitais. Essa vasta produção de informações e as diversas linguagens que o digital pode combinar requer certas habilidades e certas competências multiletradas. Assim, o exercício das chamadas capacidades de leitura e produção textual, devem favorecer a formação de leitores e produtores de texto que não só dominem os recursos das linguagens e das novas tecnologias, mas também, que se posicionem em relação ao que leem.
Conservación de germoplasma ex situ: protocolos y estrategias para la mantención de un banco in vitro
Authors: Gutiérrez Caro Braulio , Koch Z. Laura
Published: July 2021

En el presente trabajo se sintetiza información relacionada con la conservación ex situ de recursos genéticos forestales. Se describen los procedimientos generales para el almacenamiento de colecciones de germoplasma (semillas, polen y propágulos vegetativos), particularmente para la mantención de bancos in vitro. Se describe el banco de conservación de germoplasma in vitro del Instituto Forestal (INFOR) y se detallan las estrategias y procedimientos empleados en su mantención. Finalmente, como antecedentes complementarios, se describen y comentan otras formas de conservación ex situ, particularmente los bancos de ADN y las colecciones conservadas en campo
Estrategia de desarrollo mesa articuladora productos forestales no madereros región del Bío Bío (2011-2014)
Authors: Lucero Ignamarca Alejandro Agustín , Vallejos Marcela , Hechem Nazir , Mellado Valeria , Celis Margarita , Gajardo Pablo
Published: July 2021

La Estrategia de Desarrollo de la Mesa Articuladora de PFNM de la Región del Bío Bío, tiene como principio orientador fomentar el trabajo conjunto entre los recolectores, empresas y sector público, orientándolo al uso sustentable de los PFNM y con ello al recurso bosque, centrándose en cuatro lineamientos estratégicos relacionados con Formalización y Asociatividad; Gestión y Transferencia Tecnológica; Mercado y Comercialización; y Políticas Públicas. Cada uno de estos lineamientos contempla objetivos estratégicos y acciones concretas tendientes a lograr los objetivos de la Mesa Articuladora
Superficie de suelos potencialmente disponible para forestación región del BioBío
Authors: Avila Campos Alberto Rafael , Muñoz Baeza Juan Carlos
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la superficie de suelos de aptitud preferentemente forestal potencialmente disponible para forestación y su ubicación en la región del Biobío. Mediante un Sistema de Información Geográfico (SIG) se procesó coberturas digitales provenientes de distintas fuentes de información, correspondientes a plantaciones forestales, bosque nativo y capacidad de uso de los suelos. Como resultado se obtuvo las superficies potencialmente disponibles para la forestación en la región, según provincias y comunas, índice de desarrollo humano (IDH), clase capacidad de uso del suelo y categorías de erosión

Materias
Resgate e estabelecimento de germoplasma in vitro de matrizes de Eucalyptus cloeziana F. muell
Authors: Oliveira L. S. De , Vieira I. G. , Almeida C. V. , Almeida M. De
Published: July 2021

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de los medios de cultivo MS, WPM y JADS en establecimiento in vitro de yemas epicórmicas de Eucalyptus cloeziana de árboles26 años de edad. La evaluación del experimento se llevó a cabo 25 días después de la introducción in vitro, y el medio de cultivo MS mostró los mejores resultados en cuanto al número de yemas inducidas y bajos porcentajes de contaminación por hongos y bacterias, constituyendo la mejor formulación para el rescate y conservación in vitro de estos materiales genéticos.
La potencialidad de nuevas plantaciones forestales en Chile
Authors: Grosse Werner Hans , Rosselot Téllez Fernando
Published: July 2021

Después de siglos de destrucción de bosques a partir del siglo 20 comienza la recuperación de una superficie importante, destacando las plantaciones forestales con más de 2,4 millones de hectáreas. Estas plantaciones son propiedad en un 62% de grandes y medianas empresas, mientras que el 38% restante es de medianos y pequeños propietarios. Dominan en un 93% de esta superficie plantada Pinus radiata y dos especies del género Eucalyptus (E. globulus y E. nitens). Este patrimonio ha generado ingresos por exportaciones anuales que bordean los seis mil millones de dólares, siendo un pilar importante para la economía nacional. Todo indica que se inicia un nuevo ciclo de forestación, que esta vez debe quedar concentrado en las propiedades medianas y pequeñas, que son las dueñas de las cerca de 2,6 millones de hectáreas que aún deberían ser forestadas. Este desafío implica un decidido apoyo forestador del Estado, acompañado con programas de capacitación, extensión e incentivos que hagan factible su realización. Además se deberán tomar en cuenta nuevas tareas, como son la planificación territorial, la restauración, la producción industrial, la asociatividad, la agroforestería, el comercio justo, la multifuncionalidad del bosque y los productos forestales no madereros, entre otras, para cumplir con las expectativas creadas por la recién diseñada política forestal para los años 2015-2035.
Diseño y establecimiento de un huerto semillero clonal de generación avanzada de Nothofagus obliqua (Mirb.) Oerst
Authors: Ipinza Carmona Roberto , Gutiérrez Caro Braulio , Clasing Ojeda German Luis , Corti González Dante Carlo , Molina Brand María Paz
Published: July 2021

Se describe el trabajo de diseño y plantación de un huerto semillero clonal de segunda generación de roble (Nothofagus obliqua), establecido en julio de 2016 en Huillilemu (San José de la Mariquina, región de Los Ríos, Chile). El principal objetivo del trabajo es constituir una referencia u orientación para otras iniciativas similares que busquen maximizar las ganancias genéticas y minimizar la endogamia bajo restricciones de parentesco. También se presentan y discuten consideraciones claves para enfrentar las decisiones involucradas en el diseño de huertos semilleros de generación avanzada
Desarrollo de banco de hongos comestibles Instituto Forestal
Authors: Chung Guin-po Patricio
Published: July 2021

Los hongos comestibles presentes en los bosques de Chile constituyen un recurso valioso, cuyo comercio adquiere cada vez mayor importancia. No obstante, su producción natural en el bosque es variable, de modo que el interés por obtener una producción alta y estable ha motivado iniciativas para cultivarlos mediante el establecimiento de plantas inoculadas con las especies y cepas de mayor valor. La relación simbiótica que se establece entre hongos y especies forestales constituye una ventajosa oportunidad para implementar líneas de investigación y desarrollo innovativo, que conjuguen la recuperación de suelos degradados, la restauración y enriquecimiento de los bosques nativos y el mejor desempeño de las plantaciones, con la generación de productos intermedios de alto valor económico, ecológico y social, como son los hongos micorrícicos comestibles