bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA, KOMITMEN ORGANISASI DAN KEMAMPUAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DINAS SOSIAL DAERAH KABUPATEN TAPANULI SELATAN
Authors: Harahap Nelli Molida , S. Budi Krianto , S. Veronika Dumaria , Kesuma Asikin , Gunawan Surya
Published: February 2022

The formulation in this research is how the influence of work discipline, organizational commitment and work ability to the performance of social service officers in the district of South Tapanuli, and the purpose of this research is to know and analyze The influence of work discipline, organizational commitment and work ability to the performance of social service employees of the District of South Tapanuli. This research is quantitative descriptive research. Data collection techniques are conducted through interviews, inquiry lists and documentation studies. The samples in this study were as many as 32 employees. Variables are measured at Likert scale. Hypothesis testing using multiple linear regression analyses through F-test and T-Test. results of the test in Unison indicate that the work discipline, organizational commitment and work ability have significant effect on the performance of officers in the social service office in the District of South Tapanuli regency with a value of Fcount 15,929 Ftable 2.90 and significance value of 0.000b. The Adjusted number of R Square is 0. 591 or (59.1%) Indicates that the percentage of contributions influenced by independent variables (work discipline, organizational commitment and work ability) on dependent variables (employee performance) of 59.1%. Partially, the work discipline significantly affects the performance of officers in the social service office of the District of South Tapanuli regency with a value of tcount ttable (3,990 2,037) and a significance value of 0. 000. The organizational commitment has a significant effect on the performance of employees at the social Service office of South Tapanuli regency with a value of tcount ttable (2,717 2,037) and significance value of 0. 011. Work capability significantly affects the employee 's performance in the social service office of the South Tapanuli district with a value of tcount ttable (3,135 2,037) and a significance value of 0. 004. The Highest value of a regression coefficient is a working discipline variable (X1) of 0. 494 or 43.0% and is the most dominant variable affecting employee performance in the social service office of South Tapanuli District
ANALISIS UPAYA STRATEGI PEMASARAN DINAS KOPERASI USAHA KECIL MENENGAH DAN PERDAGANGAN KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL PENJUALAN PRODUK UKM TENUN ULOS DI KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR
Authors: Syawalina Idia Fhitri , Zulkarnain Ahnis , Zufri Muhammad , Srg Pipfhan Syahuri , Alamsyah Fahry
Published: February 2022

This research discusses about the influences of product, price, and promotion as marketing strategies in increasing sales volume of UKM product at Pematangsiantar City. The aim of this research is to analyse the influences of product, price, and promotion both partially and simultaneously on product sales volume at the office. This is   a quantitative research with random sampling technique. The sample is 74 cosumers. Results show that each independent variable; product, price, and promotion, partially influences product sales volume positively  and  significantly.  product  has  tcount    value  6,853     and  level  of significance 0.000, price has 3,522 and 0.001, and promotion has 4,238 and 0.000. Simultaneously, product, price, and promotion have significant and positive influences in increasing sales volume of UKM product at Pematangsiantar City with Fcount value 64,813 and level of significance 0.000.
PENGARUH KUALITAS SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA, FASILITAS KERJA DAN PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PEGAWAI DINAS PERDAGANGAN KOTA TEBING TINGGI
Authors: Habibi J. Najri , . Nelfida , Ritonga M. Alam Warda , . Asniwaty , . Supriyono
Published: February 2022

This research discusses about the influences of quality of human resource, work facility   and   utilization   of   information   technology   on   employees’   work productivity at Trade Office of Tebing Tinggi City. The aim of this research is to analyse influences of quality of human resource, work facility and utilization of information technology both partially and simultaneously on employees’ work productivity at  the office.  This  is  a quantitative research  with  total  sampling technique. Sample is 83 employees. Results show that each independent variable; quality   of   human   resource,   work   facility   and   utilization   of   information technology, partially influences employees’ work productivity positively and significantly.   quality of human resource has tcount value 4,487 and level of significance 0.000, work facility has 2,219 and 0.034, and utilization of information technology has 2,246 and 0.032. Simultaneously, quality of human resource, work facility and utilization of information technology have significant and  positive  influences  on  employees’  work  productivity  at  Trade  Office  of Tebing Tinggi City with Fcount value 23,863 and level of significance 0.000.
ANALISIS FAKTOR KOMUNIKASI TERHADAP PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN PADA KECAMATAN TANJUNGBALAI UTARA
Authors: Munthe Gunawan Adiputra , Putrini Wulan Wardaningtias , Siregar Nurmala , Akbar Sagala Riski Anggita , Harahap Nur Ainun
Published: February 2022

This research discusses about the influences of perception, emotion, and knowledge as communication factors on decision making at North Tanjungbalai District. The aim of this research is to analyse the influences of perception, emotion, and knowledge both partially and simultaneously on decision making at the office. This is  a quantitative research with random sampling technique. The sample is 44 employees. Results show that each independent variable; perception, emotion, and knowledge, partially influences decision making positively and significantly. perception has tcount  value 2,578   and level of significance 0.016, emotion   has   3,200   and   0.004,   and   knowledge   has   4,201   and   0.000. Simultaneously, perception, emotion, and knowledge have significant and positive influences on decision making at North Tanjungbalai District with Fcount  value 19,355 and level of significance 0.000.
Investigation of structure and corrosion resistance of titanium alloys produced by the method of spark plasma sintering
Authors:   N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nokhrin A. V. , Andreev P. V. ,   N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Boldin M. S. ,   N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Chuvil’deev V. N. ,   N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Chegurov M. K. ,   N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Smetanina K. E. ,   N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nazarov A. A. ,   N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Scherbak G. V. ,   N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Murashov A. A. ,   N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nagicheva G. S. ,   N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod
Published: February 2022

The results of the structure and corrosion resistance researches of titanium alloys VT1-0, PT-3B and VT6 obtained by spark plasma sintering (SPS) are described. Microstructure, phase composition and microhardness have been investigated. It is shown that the alloy samples have a homogeneous high-density microstructure and high values of microhardness. The alloys samples showed high corrosion resistance in the electrochemical corrosion tests in acidic aqueous solution causing intergranular corrosion. The alloys also showed high resistance against hot salt corrosion. It has been suggested that the high hardness of the alloys as well as the differences in corrosion resistance of the central and lateral surfaces of the samples are due to the diffusion of carbon from the graphite mold into the sample surface.
Physical and mechanical properties of nitrile butadiene rubber modified by single-wall carbon nanotube concentrates
Authors:   Tuball Center NSK ltd., Karpunin R. V. , Korotkov M. S. ,   Novosibirsk State University, Skuratov A. Yu. ,   Tuball Center NSK ltd., Khasin A. A. ,   Tuball Center NSK ltd.
Published: February 2022

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are used as an universal additive to increase the mechanical and electrical properties of materials. In this work, we introduced SWCNTs in nitrile butadiene rubbers filled with 60 phr carbon black using concentrates of pre-dispersed SWCNTs in a solution of nitrile butadiene rubber with dibutyl phthalate. It is shown that the addition of 0.15 wt. % of SWCNTs allowed decreasing the specific volume electrical resistivity by 4 orders and increasing the tensile moduli at 50 % and 100 % elongation by 50 % and 30% respectively. The tensile moduli at 50 % and 100 % elongation and the tear resistance linearly depend on the concentration of SWCNTs in the nanocomposite for the studied concentration range up to 0.5 wt. %, while the elongation at break and the tensile strength of the rubber do not change within the tolerance of measurements. The specific volume electrical resistivity depends on the concentration of SWCNTs in the rubber according to Kirkpatrick power law with percolation threshold of 0.05 wt. % and achieves 10 Ω·cm at 0.5 wt. % of SWCNTs.
ANALISIS PENGARUH INSTAGRAM TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN BERKUNJUNG WISATAWAN DI BUKIT DAGO PARUNG PANJANG, BOGOR
Authors: Kurniawan Hady Chandra
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of Instagram on the interest of tourists visiting Bukit Dago Parung Panjang, Bogor. The independent variable used is Instagram with indicators such as Captions, Followers and Likes which are often used as promotional media such as Instagram. while the dependent variable is the decision to visit tourists. This research was conducted in Bukit Dago Parung Panjang, Bogor and the data obtained through the distribution of questionnaires or questionnaires. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis. Then, the influence of social media on the interest of visiting tourists will be tested using the t test. To see the influence of Instagram on the decision to visit.

 
IMPACT OF GENDER ON SELF-EFFICACY: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA’S KARO TOURISM
Authors:   Universitas Sumatera Utara, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Architecture, Medan, Indonesia, GINTING Nurlisa , RAHMAN N. Vinky ,   Universitas Sumatera Utara, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Architecture, Medan, Indonesia, NASUTION Achmad Delianur ,   Universitas Sumatera Utara, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Architecture, Medan, Indonesia
Published: February 2022

Self-efficacy in tourist destination can influence the tourists’ level of satisfaction which may depend on how much the destination has fulfilled their needs. This research aims at investigating the relationship between gender preference and self-efficacy in tourist destination in Karo regency. Female tourists are usually significantly different, in which male’s self-efficacy tend to be higher than female’s. This research used a qualitative and quantitative method to obtain the varieties of perception, such as accessibility, comfort, confidence, and safety. The result reveals self-efficacy isindeed different for local male and female visitors; however, the male and female tourists from abroad do not indicate significant difference. The level of self-efficacy (LSE) for females is not always lower than males and, even, the activities cannot limit the LSE for males and females. The tourists’ activities in the masculine category proved that the females’ SE is higher than males. However, the males’ SE proved to be higher than females are only found among local people; however, the tourists’s SE between males and females look the same. In the development of tourism which is based on the tourists’ SE, preference of gender does not need to be considered; however, if it is done on the basis locals’ SE, then the preference of gender is really needed.
An open letter on the “generalised tipping curve” of the SIM pulling tests, the “dynamic” SIM wind load analysis and VTA
Authors: Sterken Peter
Published: February 2022

Current methods such as the Visual Tree Assessment (VTA) of Mattheck and the pulling tests of Wessolly (SIM) and others will be analysed here. A number of authors have asserted since 1998 that their “generalised tipping curve” (GTC) would predict the uprooting of trees by extrapolating small values of stembase tilt angle under a static pull, and that 100% of the maximum or critical uprooting moment (Mcrit) would be reached at 2.5º. However, evidence elucidated from literature and pulling tests strongly suggest that a very different tipping curve (similar to a curve published in 1965 by a comparatively unknown researcher) has been used instead for the pulling tests, where 1º = 100% Mcrit. That curve will be called the SIM curve herein. A number of related researchers report contradictory findings, by showing either uprooted trees that had obeyed the GTC (0.25º) or trees that had perfectly obeyed the SIM curve (1º) which is confusing. This paper also analyses highly-cited and influential proclamations regarding the GTC and the “dynamic” versus “quasi-static” WLA, that may have, quite simply, sprouted from unconscious research bias.
Infant feeding among women with severe mental illness: a scoping review protocol.
Authors: Baker Natasha
Published: February 2022

The health benefits of breastfeeding are well-established and there is a considerable evidence base surrounding infant feeding. Globally, exclusive breastfeeding is estimated to be around 65% in the first two days of life. However, for women with severe mental illness (SMI), the decision to breastfeed can be complex due to a variety of reasons and there is a paucity of evidence investigating infant feeding in this population. The objective of this scoping review is to investigate the existing evidence base around infant feeding for women with SMI in the perinatal period. The methods for this review adhere to Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology.
A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF EFFECT OF AROGYA KASHAYAM IN CONTACT CASES OF COVID-19 IN MADHYA PRADESH
Authors: Shukla Umesh , Ujjaliya Nitin
Published: February 2022

Herbal compounds have been reported to be effective in SARS CoV-1 and other similar infections like H1N1 and Swine flu. To evaluate retrospectively the preventive role of intervention of Arogya Kashayam in Covid-19 contact cases at notified quarantine centres in Madhya Pradesh, Department of AYUSH, Government of Madhya Pradesh intervened quarantined cases (suspected or first contacts) with Arogya Kashayam (AK-20) in notified quarantine centres from 23/04/2020. It was a retrospective study of 7270 Covid-19 contact cases including 4773 male and 2497 female between five to eighty years of age. All the cases received AK-20, however, 1320 cases (18.15%) also received Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) during their quarantine period. The study revealed that out of 7270 quarantined cases, 5950 (81.84%) cases received Arogya Kashayam and 1320 (18.16%) cases received HCQ along with Arogya Kashayam for an average of 7 days. Among the cases received Arogya Kashayam; 5890 cases (98.99%) did not develop any symptoms of COVID-19 and get discharged from the centres as per the prevailing ICMR guidelines. Out of total 5950 cases registered with Arogya Kashayam alone; 2355 cases (39.58%) were tested through RTPCR method for COVID-19 and 2323 cases (98.63%) were found to be negative. However, 32 cases (1.35%) tested positive and were referred to COVID Care Centres for isolation as per the prevailing guidelines. The study revealed that Arogya Kashayam-20 was found to be effective in prevention of Covid-19 and its progression among the contact cases.
Eksistensi Istilah “Anak Mula Keto” Dalam Kehidupan Beragama Masyarakat Hindu Bali
Authors: Jayendra Putu Sabda
Published: February 2022

Istilah anak mula keto yang sudah membumi di kalangan masyarakat Hindu Bali merupakan suatu istilah yang telah diturunkan secara bergenerasi (gugon tuwon). Anak mula keto yang secara umum diartikan sebagai memang sudah begitu adanya atau sudah begitu dari dulu. Eksistensi istilah anak mula keto di kalangan masyarakat Hindu Bali dipergunakan sebagai jawaban saat ada seseorang atau sekelompok orang bertanya pada orang atau sekelompok orang lainnya yang kebanyakan tentang hakikat makna filosofis dari tindakan-tindakan religi ataupun budaya dan adat kebiasaan (dresta) yang dilakukan. Perkembangan zaman yang semakin maju membuat istilah anak mula keto menimbulkan pertentangan antara masyarakat Hindu Bali yang progresif dan masyarakat Hindu Bali yang konservatif. Istilah anak mula keto yang dianggap sebagai cerminan pemikiran apatis, skeptis, dan pembodohan oleh kaum progresif “dibalas” oleh kaum konservatif yang menganggap bahwa mengkritisi hakikat tindakan-tindakan religi merupakan cerminan keragu-raguan atau berkurangnya loyalitas dan rasa bhakti kehadapan Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa. Berdasarkan fenomena tersebut, pemahaman yang menyeluruh akan hakikat istilah anak mula keto dalam tinjauan Tattwa, Susila, dan Acara, mutlak diperlukan dalam untuk menjaga harmonisasi kehidupan beragama Hindu di Bali.
PLURALISME HUKUM DI INDONESIA DARI SUDUT PANDANG ANTROPOLOGI
Authors: nurhakim muhammad aqil
Published: February 2022

Berdasarkan urian tersebut diatas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa hukum pada dasarnyaberbasis pada masyarakat. Maka salah satu metode khas dalam antropologi hukum adalah kerjalapangan (fieldwork methodology) untuk memahami eksistensi dan bekerjanya hukum dalamsituasi normal maupun suasana sengketa. Oleh karena itu kasus - kasus sengketa sangat umumdigunakan sebagai metode untuk menelusuri hukum masyarakat dalam studi antropologismengenai hukum. Hal terjadi karena hukum bukan semata-mata sebagai suatu produk dariindividu atau sekelompok orang dalam bentuk peraturan perundang-undangan, atau bukan sebagai suatu institusi yang terisolasi dari aspek-aspek kebudayaan yang lain, tetapi hukum merupakan produk dari suatu relasi sosial dalam sistem kehidupan masyarakat. Karena itu,hukum muncul sebagai fakta khas yang lebih menekankan empiris, ekspresi, atau perilaku sosialmasyarakat, dan penyelesaian kasus sengketa merupakan ekspresi dari hukum yang secara nyataberlaku dalam masyarakat. Sampai saat ini pengkajian kasus – kasus sengketa menjadi metodekhas dalam studi - studi antropologis tentang hukum dalam masyarakat, namun dalam kondisikondisi tertentu di mana sangat sulit ditemukan kasus sengketa yang dapat dianalisa dandigeneralisasi sebagai ekspresi dari hukum dalam suatu masyarakat, maka dapat dikaji interaksiinteraksi antar individu atau kelompok dalam masyarakat yang tanpa diwarnai dengan sengketamengkaitkan fenomena hukum dengan aspek - aspek kebudayaan yang lain, seperti ekonomi, politik, organisasi sosial, religi, ideologi. Dalam investigasi analisis bekerjanya hukum dalam masyarakat. Selain itu, metode perbandingan hukum (comparative method) juga menjadi ciri khas antropologi hukum, dengan melakukan studi perbandingan antara sistem - sistem hukum dalam masyarakat yang berbeda - beda di berbagai belahan dunia. Dalam kaitan dengan yangdisebut terakhir, hukum adat di Indonesia tidak sama dengan antropologi hukum, karena hukum adat hanya salah satu dari sistem hukum rakyat (folk law atau customary law) yang menarik untuk dikaji melalui studi antropologi hukum, seperti juga sistem - sistem hukum rakyat asli(indigenous law) yang.dapat ditemukan di Malaysia, Philipina, Thailand, Nepal, India, Australia, Amerika Latin, Afrika. Jadi, hukum adat (adat law) adalah sistem hukum khas Indonesia yang dapat dijadikan objek kajian untuk memahami sistem hukum rakyat yang secara empiris hidup dan berkembang dalam kehidupan masyarakat sebagai cerminan pluralisme hukum dalam masyarakat di berbagai wilayah di Indonesia.
Elevated POLR2F expression distinguishes basal-like human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: February 2022

Patients diagnosed with basal-like breast cancer face a more aggressive disease course and more dismal prognosis than patients diagnosed with luminal A and luminal B breast cancer molecular subtypes (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to understand in an unbiased fashion the most distinguishing transcriptional features of tumors from patients with basal or basal-like subtype breast cancer. We observed transcriptome-wide differential expression of RNA polymerase II subunit F, POLR2F, when comparing tumors of patients with basal-like breast cancer with that of other PAM50 molecular subtypes. POLR2F mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in the tumors of patients with basal-like breast cancer. Analysis of patient survival data revealed that POLR2F primary tumor expression was correlated with recurrence-free survival in basal subtype breast cancer. Elevated POLR2F expression appears to distinguish basal-like human breast cancer from the other molecular subtypes.
PERANAN KELUARGA, SEKOLAH, DAN MASYARAKAT DALAM IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN TRI KAYA PARISUDHA SEBAGAI LANDASAN PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER GENERASI MUDA
Authors: Jayendra Putu Sabda
Published: February 2022

Pendidikan merupakan suatu proses yang didapat dari sejak manusia ada dalam kandungan sampai dengan seumur hidupnya. Manusia yang lahir tidak akan dapat memanusia dengan sendirinya. Oleh sebab itu pendidikan merupakan jalan yang paling pertama dan utama untuk memanusiakan manusia, sehingga nantinya manusia itu tidak hanya menjadi manusia yang memiliki ilmu pengetahuan yang tinggi, namun juga menjadi manusia yang memiliki kepribadian yang baik dan berakhlak mulia. Dalam perspektif Hindu, menyikapi fenomena penyimpangan perilaku yang banyak dilakukan oleh para peserta didik dewasa ini, haruslah dimulai sejak dini dengan mengimplementasikan pendidikan Tri Kaya Parisudha, yaitu membiasakan anak untuk berpikir, berkata, dan berbuat yang baik dan benar, dengan mengoptimalkan peran keluarga, sekolah, dan masyarakat.Kata kunci: Pendidikan, Tri Kaya Parisudha, Keluarga, Sekolah, Masyarakat.
PROSES SENGKETA TANAH DI MINANGKABAU SUATU KAJIAN ANTROPOLOGI HUKUM (KASUS SANGKETA PEMANFAATAN TANAH ULAYAT KAUM SUKU TANJUNG DI KENAGARIAN MANGGOPOH KABUPATEN AGAM SUMATERA BARAT DENGAN PT. MUTIARA AGAM)
Authors: Afdiarsyah Riky
Published: February 2022

Hukum padadasarnya berbasis pada masyarakat. Maka salah satu metode khas dalamantropologi hukum adalah kerja lapangan(field work methodology) untuk memahamieksistensi dan bekerjanya hukum dalam situasi normal maupun suasana sengketa.Oleh karena itu kasus-kasus sengketa sangat umum digunakan sebagai metodeuntuk menelusuri hukum masyarakat dalam studi antropologis mengenai hukum.Hal terjadi karena hukum bukan semata-mata sebagai suatu produk dari individuatau sekelompok orang dalam bentuk peraturan perundang-undangan,atau bukansebagai suatu institusi yang terisolasi dari aspek-aspek kebudayaan yang lain, tetapihukum merupakan produk dari suatu relasisosial dalam sistem kehidupanmasyarakat. Karena itu,hukum muncul sebagai fakta khas yang lebih menekankanempiris, ekspresi, atau perilaku sosial masyarakat, dan penyelesaian kasus sengketamerupakan ekspresi dari hukum yang secara nyata berlaku dalam masyarakat
Elevated RBM38 expression distinguishes basal-like human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: February 2022

Patients diagnosed with basal-like breast cancer face a more aggressive disease course and more dismal prognosis than patients diagnosed with luminal A and luminal B breast cancer molecular subtypes (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to understand in an unbiased fashion the most distinguishing transcriptional features of tumors from patients with basal or basal-like subtype breast cancer. We observed transcriptome-wide differential expression of RNA binding motif protein 38, RBM38, when comparing tumors of patients with basal-like breast cancer with that of other PAM50 molecular subtypes. RBM38 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in the tumors of patients with basal-like breast cancer. Analysis of patient survival data revealed that RBM38 primary tumor expression was correlated with overall survival in patients with HER2+ subtype breast cancer. Elevated RBM38 expression appears to distinguish basal-like human breast cancer from the other molecular subtypes.
On semantic plurality within the Spanish DP and ad sensum agreement: A combinatorial variability approach
Authors: Gupton Timothy , Howe Chad
Published: February 2022

Spanish ad sensum agreement involves a semantically-plural, but grammatically-singular subject, of the form [NP1 [de NP2]] 'NP1 of NP2', appearing with a plural verb. Apparent agreement with a structurally-lower NP2 is problematic for syntactic accounts dependent on c-command (e.g. Reinhart 1976). Previous accounts identify 'head N' via stipulation and cannot predict variable agreement. We propose a uniform account of collective agreement and ad sensum/attraction phenomena in Spanish. Our proposal predicts variable agreement when semantic and grammatical number clash, triggering a Count mechanism that calculates phi-proportions, an index that informs variation in subsequent subject-verb agreement, similar to Adger (2006).
Appropriately Tuning Stochastic-Psychometric Properties of the Balloon Analogue Response Task (BART)
Authors: Di Plinio Simone , Pettorruso Mauro , Ebisch Sjoerd
Published: February 2022

The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) allows to experimentally assess individuals’ risk-taking profiles in an ecologically sound setting. Many psychological and neuroscientific studies implemented the BART for its simplicity and intuitive nature. However, some issues in the design of the BART are systematically unconsidered in experimental paradigms, which may bias the estimation of individual risk-taking profiles. Since there are no methodological guidelines for implementing the BART, many variables (e.g., the maximum explosion probabilities, the rationale underlying stochastic events) vary inconstantly across experiments, possibly producing contrasting results. Moreover, the standard version of the BART is affected by the interaction of an individual-dependent, unavoidable source of stochasticity with a trial-dependent, more ambiguous source of stochasticity (i.e., the probability of the balloon to explode). This paper shows the most appropriate experimental choices for having the lowest error in the approximation of risk-taking profiles. Performance tests of a series of simulated data suggest that a more controlled, eventually non-stochastic version of the BART, better approximates original risk-taking profiles. Selecting optimal BART parameters is particularly important in neuroscience experiments to optimize the number of trials in a time window appropriate for acquiring neuroimaging data. We also provide helpful suggestions to researchers in many fields to allow the implementation of optimized risk-taking experiments using the BART.
Facial coverings differentially alter valence judgments of emotional expressions
Authors: Harp Nicholas , Langbehn Andrew T. , Larsen Jeff T. , Niedenthal Paula , Neta Maital
Published: February 2022

Despite benefits for reducing disease spread, masks obscure facial expressions, impairing nonverbal communication of emotion. We assessed the impact of lower (masks) and upper (sunglasses) facial coverings on valence judgments of clearly valenced (fearful, happy) and ambiguously valenced (surprised) facial expressions, the latter of which have valid positive and negative meaning. Results from an online sample (n = 146) showed that masks, but not sunglasses, impaired judgments of clearly valenced expressions compared to expressions without coverings (ps < .001). Sunglasses, but not masks, affected judgments of the ambiguous surprised expressions (p = .08). Drift diffusion models revealed that face coverings impacted the judgment process in an expression-specific manner: Masks increased the amount of evidence required to reach a judgment boundary for both fearful and surprised faces (ps < .001) by eliminating starting point bias, whereas masks slowed evidence accumulation for happy faces (p < .001). Political ideology interacted with these effects, such that we observed stronger negativity bias towards masked expressions for Republican- than Democrat-leaning participants, particularly for happy faces (p < .001). In short, our results replicate interference effects of face coverings in the decoding of emotional expressions and suggest that political beliefs alter the degree of this interference. The findings have implications for nonverbal communication of emotion and intergroup communication.
Sleep and third-party judgment
Authors: Trémolière Bastien , Schwartz Flora , Gosling Corentin J
Published: February 2022

Based on the assumptions that moral judgment activities require cognitive control, a capacity impaired by low sleep quality or a lack of sleep, several studies have explored the association between sleep and moral judgments. However, even if some studies support the association between sleep and both moral awareness and unethical behaviors, others failed to find a robust association between sleep and moral utilitarianism. In the present well-powered preregistered study, we explored the role of sleep in another class of moral judgment, namely third-party punishment (in which people have to assess the morality of an agent who transgressed a moral rule). Specifically, we targeted the association of sleep with judgments of accidental harm transgressions, which are assumed to be especially cognitively costly. Our main analysis showed no association of chronic sleep quality with moral severity in these transgressions. This result was confirmed for other sleep indexes (chronic sleep quantity and acute sleep quantity and quality). Last, we exhaustively explored the associations of all sleep indexes with all classes of moral judgment (accidental, intentional, attempted transgressions, and control scenarios). These additional results revealed associations between sleep and moral severity but none survived correction for multiple testing. Equivalence tests confirmed that the effect sizes of all these associations were relatively low (| r < .25|). We ensured that the lack of robust association between natural sleep and third-party punishment could not be explained by a low quality of the data collected. We discuss these results in relation to the literature on the topic.
The value of self-disclosure to parents and peers during adolescence
Authors: Nowell Clare , Pfeifer Jennifer H , Enticott Peter Gregory , Silk Tim , Vijayakumar Nandita
Published: February 2022

Self-disclosure is a crucial part of developing close interpersonal relationships during adolescence. In particular, sharing information with a greater depth of intimacy is thought to strengthen social bonds and thus support mental health. The current study investigated the value for different depths of self-disclosures to close others (mothers and best friends) during adolescence, and its association with mental health and wellbeing. Fifty-four girls (11.0-15.9 years) completed a forced-choice monetary paradigm to assess value for self-disclosures, and questionnaires on mental health. Participants significantly valued (i.e., forfeited monetary reward) for disclosures to both mothers and best friends, although intimate disclosures were more ‘costly’ than superficial disclosures. Greater value for intimate self-disclosures to mothers was also associated with better mental health and wellbeing.
Reaching a tipping point: A qualitative exploration of quality of life and treatment decision-making in people living with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Authors: Husted Margaret , Gray Debra , Golding Sarah Elizabeth , Hindley Richard
Published: February 2022

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition amongst older men and is associated with lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction; these symptoms can be burdensome and negatively affect quality of life. Various surgical and pharmaceutical treatment options exist for BPH but there is a paucity of qualitative research exploring men’s decision-making when seeking BPH treatment. This study therefore qualitatively explored men’s experience of living with BPH and seeking treatment for BPH. Twenty men (aged 52-75) were recruited from outpatient urology clinics at a hospital trust in Southern England. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews (via video or telephone call) and were audio-recorded; transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Four themes were generated: “It’s about more than just symptoms”, “The path towards treatment”, “The process of information gathering’, and “Navigating hopes, fears and uncertainty”. Results indicate most men appear to seek treatment for BPH following a gradual, and sometimes lengthy, period of deterioration in symptoms; for some men, however, treatment seeking follows an acute episode of sudden or severe symptoms. The decision to proceed with surgical or minimally invasive treatment options appears to be dependent on men reaching a tipping-point; they no longer perceive their symptoms as tolerable and feel their ability to cope with symptoms is reduced. Men each bring their own set of concerns and preferences about side effects and risk-benefit profiles of different treatments. Clinicians need to be sensitive to these individual differences and incorporate them into shared decision-making for choosing between treatment options for BPH.
Securitization of Disinformation in NATO Lexicon: A Computational Text Analysis
Authors: Unver Hamid Akin , Kurnaz Ahmet
Published: February 2022

Following the Russian meddling in the 2016 US elections, disinformation and fake news became popular terms to help generate domestic awareness against foreign information operations globally. Today, a large number of politicians, diplomats and civil society leaders identify disinformation and fake news as a primary problem in both domestic and foreign policy contexts. But how do security institutions define disinformation and fake news in foreign and security policy, and how do their securitization strategies change over years? This article explores 238,452 tweets from oﬀicial NATO and aﬀiliated accounts, and more than 2,000 NATO texts, news, statements, and publications using computational methods since January 2014 and presents an unsupervised structural topic model (stm) analysis to explore the main thematic and discursive contexts of these texts. The study finds thatNATO’s threat discourse and securitization strategies are heavily influenced by US political lexicon and discovers that word choices change based on their likelihood of mobilizing alliance resources and cohesion. In addition, the study finds that NATO’s recent disinformation agenda is in fact a continuity of NATO’s long-standing Russia-focused securitization discourse and an attempt to mobilize alliance attention on Baltic states and Poland to counter Russia.
„Neue Steuerung“ im Schulsystem als kybernetisches Steuerungsmodell? Klärungsversuche entlang der politischen Kybernetik und der dezentrierten Demokratie
Authors: Berkemeyer Nils
Published: February 2022

Die Forschung zur Steuerung im Schulsystem ist nach wie vor, insbesondere in Bezug auf die Theorienutzung und -bildung, defizitär. Es fällt auf, dass sich die Erziehungswissenschaft sowie die empirische Bildungsforschung schwer damit tun, Steuerungsprozesse entlang von vorhandenen Steuerungstheorien zu analysieren. Vorschnell wurde auf Governance als Erklärungsheuristik gesetzt. Doch gerade in Bezug auf die „Neue Steuerung“, die als evidenzbasierte Steuerung auf Wissen setzt, lassen sich klassische Steuerungstheorien der politischen Kybernetik sowie systemtheoretische Weiterentwicklungen nutzen, um wesentliche Befunde zur „Neuen Steuerung“ vergleichsweise umfassend zu erklären. Dabei zeigt sich, dass den Formen des Misslingens weniger „Übersetzungsprobleme“ zu Grunde liegen, sondern Gefährdungen der Systemintegrität. Denn Steuerung in demokratischen Gesellschaften ist nicht nur auf Rationalität angewiesen, sondern auch auf moralische Sensibilität und die Achtung der Subjekte, die in anerkannten Rechtfertigungsordnungen gewährleistet werden können.
Micromatrix and physico-chemical quality parameters of Shwasakuthara Rasa prepared by two different methods
Authors:   Ph.D Scholar Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda (IPGT & RA), Gujarat Ayurved University (GAU), Jamnagar-361008, Gujarat, India, Bhagyalakshmi B R , Galib. R ,   Assistant Professor, Department of RS & BK Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda (IPGT & RA), Gujarat Ayurved University (GAU), Jamnagar-361008, Gujarat, India, Harisha C.R ,   Head Pharmacognosy Laboratory Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda (IPGT & RA), Gujarat Ayurved University (GAU), Jamnagar-361008, Gujarat, India, Shukla V J ,   Head Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda (IPGT & RA), Gujarat Ayurved University (GAU), Jamnagar-361008, Gujarat, India, Prajapati P.K ,   Professor, Department of RS & BK Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda (IPGT & RA), Gujarat Ayurved University (GAU), Jamnagar-361008, Gujarat, India
Published: February 2022

Background: Shwasakuthara Rasa (SKR) is a known herbo-mineral formulation indicated in Shwasa (Bronchial Asthma). Aims and Objectives: To study the Microscopic and Physicochemical profiles of SKR prepared by two different methods. Materials and Methods: SKR was prepared by adding Maricha (Piper nigrum L) one by one [SKR(A)] and adding Maricha choorna as a whole [SKR(B)] in the mixture of Kajjali of Parada, Gandaka, Vatsanabha, Manahshila and Tankana. Their comparative Pharmacognostical and Physico-chemical studies were carried out. Observations and Results: SKR(A) sample took around 12 hours where as SKR(B) took an average of 5 hours of Mardana (Trituration) to become a homogenous mixture with desired smoothness respectively. Microscopic studies on SKR(A) showed that individual ingredients of the formulation could not be identified and most of cellular components were damaged and released into the Kajjali where as in SKR(B) cellular components of the individual ingredients could be identified. The bottle neck shaped cells of Maricha, Parenchyma cells of Vatsanabha, and Scalariform vessels of Shunti were damaged. Particle size was also less in SKR(A). An increased quantity of Piperine when compared to SKR(B) was also observed. Conclusion: SKR prepared by classical method by adding Maricha one by one [SKR (A)] showed better results in microscopic, quantity of Piperine and particle size distribution parameters.
Potential Medicinal Plants used in Ayurvedic System of Medicine and their diversity in Southern Western Ghats of Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors:   Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Chennai, Tamil Nadu--600013, India, Murugeswaran R , Rajendran A ,   Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641046, India, Ahamed Kabiruddin ,   Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Chennai, Tamil Nadu--600013, India, Arunachalam C ,   Captain Srinivsa Murthi Regional Ayurveda Drug Development Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu--600106, India, Venkatesan K ,   Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Chennai, Tamil Nadu--600013, India, Thomas B ,   St.Josephs College, Calicut, Kerala- 673008, India
Published: February 2022

The origin of Ayurveda or the Indian science of life is linked with the origin of Universe and developed from out of the various Vedic hymns describing fundamentals, philosophies about the world and life, diseases and medicines. Around 1000 BC, the knowledge of Ayurveda was comprehensively documented in Charak Samhita and Sushruta Samhita. In the present study 197 plant species are identified which are used in the Ayurvedic system and discussed their utilization and the related areas such as Ayurvedic terminology, curative diseases and diversity status etc. Those plants which are falls in the category ofvulnerable, rare and endangered are recommended for germplasm collection and to take up cultivation and propagation activities through modern agronomical techniques. Further the extensive field studies may also help to the discovery of new plant species used in the Ayurveda system of medicine for the betterment of health care needs.
Suitable solvent and drying condition to enhance phenolics and extractive value of Saussurea costus
Authors:   Assistant Professor and Researcher, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan- 312901 India, Ahmed Aziz , Ahmad Sayeed ,   Associate Professor and Researcher, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi- 110062 India, Soni Kirti ,   Pharmacy Graduate, Abhilashi College of Pharmacy, NerChowk, Mandi- 175033, India, Lapa Bhavana ,   Pharmacy Graduate, Abhilashi College of Pharmacy, NerChowk, Mandi- 175033, India, Afzal Mohd. ,   Research Associate, Tabuk Pharmaceutical Ltd., Dammam, Saudi Arabia, Sharma Kazal ,   Pharmacy Graduate, Abhilashi College of Pharmacy, NerChowk, Mandi- 175033, India, Kumar Gaurav ,   Assistant Professor and Researcher, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan- 312901 India
Published: February 2022

Plants are rich source of medicinally important compounds such as phenolics compounds and flavanoid used as antioxidant and have chemo-preventive role against the risk of oxidative stress-related diseases. Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch. ( Asteraceae ) have medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antiulcer, anticancer, immunomodulatory and pesticidal activities. Phytochemical investigation was carried out with hexane, chloroform, methanol and ethanol extract. six extracting solvents, methanol, ethanol, aqueous methanol (80% v/v), aqueous ethanol (80% v/v), aqueous methanol (70% v/v) and aqueous ethanol (70% v/v) were applied for their efficacy to extract antioxidants from air-dried, sun-dried and oven-dried roots of Saussurea costus. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the extracting ability of each of the solvents. The aqueous solvents were found superior in their ability to extract the antioxidants and aqueous ethanol was reported more efficient than aqueous methanol. Highest and lowest extractive value and antioxidants compounds were found from respectively Oven dried (40°C) and air dried (ambient, approx 25°C) Saussurea costus roots. There was excellent correlation between extraction yield, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content.
Excision of Medoja Granthi (Lipoma) at ring finger of hand a rare location - A case study
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Shalya Tantra, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar-361008, Gujarat, India, Dudhamal Tukaram S.
Published: February 2022

Lipoma is one kind of benign tumour as per modern surgery that resembles with the Granthi in general and Medoja Granthi in particular as per Ayurveda. The management of Medoja Granthi is the incision and total excision as mentioned by Charaka and Sushruta in the Ayuveda classic. In this case report a 67 years old female patient visited OPD of Shalya tantra with complaints of cystic swelling in ring finger of left hand. On the basis of clinical findings and Xray report diagnosis was made as lipoma a rare location and excision was done under local anesthesia (2% lignocaine hydrochloride). After excision there was 3x1.5 cm encapsulated lipoma was noted. Hence this case highlighted that lipomas can occurs at rare place like fingers and need to be excision.
Pharmacognostic and phytochemical analysis of Agnimantha (Premna corymbosa Rottl.) root
Authors:   Postgraduate Scholar, Department of Dravyaguna, Sree Dharmasthala Manjunatheswara College of Ayurveda, Hassan-573201, Karnataka, India, Susan Rini Sam , Harini A ,   Assosciate Professor, Department of Dravyaguna, Sree Dharmasthala Manjunatheswara College of Ayurveda, Hassan-573201, Karnataka, India, KN Sunil Kumar ,   Research Officer (Pharmacognosy), Siddha Central Research Institute, Central Council for Research in Siddha, Ministry of AYUSH - Govt. of India, Chennai-600106, Tamil Nadu, India, Hegde Prakash L ,   Professor, Department of Dravyaguna, Sree Dharmasthala Manjunatheswara College of Ayurveda, Hassan573201, Karnataka, India
Published: February 2022

Agnimantha (Premna corymbosa Rottl. Verbinaceae), also known as Arani and Nadeyi in Sanskrit is very important plant in use since Vedic period. It is known as Wind killer/ Indian headache tree in English, Munja in Malayalam and Taggiberu in Kannada. It is a large perennial shrub which grows up to 9 to 10 m in height and is found occurring throughout India in the plains. It is one among the combination drug Brhatpanchamoola (5 root drugs) of Dasamoola (10 root drugs). Its roots are used against asthma, and bronchitis; as an expectorant, in cold, in catarrh and fever. On these grounds, this work was an attempt to establish pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical standards of roots including HPTLC. Pharmacognostical parameters for the root of P. corymbosa using parameters like macromorphology, microscopy, physio-chemical constants and phytochemical screening were done using standard methodology. Except loss on drying, other physico-chemical results were under the limits of standards given in API. It showed presence of alkaloids, steroid, tannins, phenols and flavanoids. HPTLC densitometric scan showed six chemical components at 254 nm, five at 366 nm and fourteen at 620 nm. In the present pharmacognostic analysis, chemical constituents, TLC and HPTLC of the roots of Agnimantha co-relates with API standards and justifying its identity and authenticity.
Molecular targets of common Ayurvedic herbal antioxidants
Authors:   Research Officer, Central Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, CCRAS, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700091, India, Sharma Rohit , Amin Hetal ,   Research Officer, Central Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, CCRAS, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700091, India, Galib R ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Rasashastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat-361008, India, Prajapati PK ,   Professor and HOD, Department of Rasashastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, Delhi- 110076, India
Published: February 2022

In recent times, holistic and herbal solutions from Ayurveda are being searched that prevent oxidative stress-linked tissue damage and provide significant antioxidant defenses to promote longevity and rejuvenation. Understanding of pharmacokinetic-dynamic of botanicals is very intricate, though essential in the field of biomedicine and drug development. Researchers have identified some of the molecular targets of commonly used herbal antioxidants and rejuvenators, used as Rasayana. Present report attempts to share insights on the concepts behind the application of herbal antioxidants to promote longevity, in light of scientific underlying molecular mechanisms.