bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH “HANZI METHOD” TERHADAP PENGUASAAN MAKNA HANZI PADA SISWA KELAS 7 SMPK ST AGNES SURABAYA “汉字法” 对泗水ST AGNES 初中一年级学生掌握字义的影响
Authors: Kusuma Kezia Tiffany
Published: July 2023

ABSTRAKMetode pembelajaran Hanzi method menuntut siswa menggunakan logika untuk memahami arti dari karakter-karakter Hanzi yang ada. Metode ini pernah diujikan ke anak-anak, dengan hasil bahwa koneksi Hanzi dengan dunia nyata dapat dipahami oleh anak-anak, tetapi penerapan Hanzi method berdasarkan hal yang abstrak berupa pemikiran rasional dan logis serta konseptualisasi, tidak terlalu ideal bagi anak-anak. Sehingga penelitian ini hendak melihat lebih lanjut mengenai penerapan Hanzi method pada siswa yang lebih dewasa. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 7 SMPK St. Agnes Surabaya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan dilakukannya sebuah eksperimen, dengan kelompok kontrol yang diajar dengan metode tradisional dan kelompok eksperimen yang diajar dengan Hanzi method. Siswa pada awal diberikan pretest dan terakhir pertemuan diberikan posttest. Nilai dari pretest dan posttest ini diuji menggunakan uji t. Setelah dilakukan uji, didapati bahwa nilai dari siswa yang diajarkan menggunakan Hanzi Method mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan dibanding nilai siswa pada kelas kontrol. Peningkatan yang signifikan terjadi secara keseluruhan dan juga pada tiap konsep-konsep yang ada dalam Hanzi Method.Kata kunci: Hanzi Method, metode pengajaran Hanzi, makna Hanzi摘要汉字法要求学生采用逻辑来理解汉字字义的一个教学法。这教学法曾经用来教小孩子，得出的结果是小孩能理解汉字和真实世界的连贯，但与抽象和逻辑性的概念连贯的时候，小孩更难理解。因此本研究想探讨以汉字法教学较大年龄的学生的效果。本研究的对象是泗水St Agnes 初中一年级的学生。本研究采用定量方法，准实验。学生分为两组：控制组采用传统教学法，实验组采用汉字法。学生先进行预测试，在最后一堂课对学生进行后测试。之后，将使用t检验来测试预测和后测的分数结果。本研究结果发现，汉字法被证明可以显著提高学生记住汉字字义的能力。关键词： 汉字法, 定量法, 汉字字义.
Crystal structure of the stalk region of axonemal inner‐arm dynein‐d reveals unique features in the coiled‐coil and microtubule‐binding domain
Authors: Ko Seolmin , Toda Akiyuki , Tanaka Hideaki , Yu Jian , Kurisu Genji
Published: July 2023

Axonemal dynein is an ATP‐dependent microtubular motor protein responsible for cilia and flagella beating, and its dysfunction can cause diseases such as primary ciliary dyskinesia and sperm dysmotility. Despite its biological importance, structure‐based mechanisms underlying axonemal dynein motors remain unclear. Here, we determined the X‐ray crystal structure of the human inner‐arm dynein‐d (DNAH1) stalk region, which contains a long antiparallel coiled‐coil and a microtubule‐binding domain (MTBD), at 2.7 Å resolution. Notably, differences in the relative orientation of the coiled‐coil and MTBD in comparison with other dyneins, as well as the diverse orientations of the MTBD flap region among various isoforms, lead us to propose a ‘spike shoe model’ with an altered stepping angle for the interaction between IAD‐d and microtubules. Based on these findings, we discuss isoform‐specific functions of the axonemal dynein stalk MTBDs.
Glucose‐Responsive Fibrin Hydrogel‐Based Multimodal Nucleic Acid Delivery System
Authors: Morey Mangesh , Larrañaga Aitor , Abbah Sunny Akogwu , Bohara Raghvendra , Aljaabary Amal , Pandit Abhay
Published: July 2023

Nucleic acid therapy has emerged as a potential alternative for promoting wound healing by gene expression modification. On the other hand, protecting the nucleic acid payload from degradation, efficient bioresponsive delivery and effective transfection into cells remain challenging. A glucose‐responsive gene delivery system for treating diabetic wounds would be advantageous as it would be responsive to the underlying pathology giving a regulated payload delivery with fewer side effects. Herein a GOx‐based glucose‐responsive delivery system is designed based on fibrin‐coated polymeric microcapsules (FCPMC) using the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) approach that simultaneously delivers two nucleic acids in diabetic wounds. The designed FCPMC displays an ability to effectively load many nucleic acids in polyplexes and release it over a prolonged period with no cytotoxic effects seen in in vitro studies. Furthermore, the developed system does not show any undesired effects in vivo. When applied to wounds in genetically diabetic db/db mice, the fabricated system on its own improves reepithelialization and angiogenesis while decreasing inflammation. Also, key proteins involved in the wound healing process, i.e., Actn2, MYBPC1, and desmin, are upregulated in the glucose‐responsive fibrin hydrogel (GRFHG) treated group of animals. In conclusion, the fabricated hydrogel promotes wound healing. Furthermore, the system may be encapsulated with various therapeutic nucleic acids that aid wound healing.
Mechanical Characteristics of Architected Polycrystal Lattice Affected by the Orientation of Metagrain Boundary
Authors: Chen Lu , Cui Chengyun , Cui Xigui , Lu Jinzhong
Published: July 2023

The orientation of internal metagrain boundary shows an important influence on shearing behaviors and mechanical performance of architected polycrystal lattice. This study designs four types of architected polycrystal lattices equipped with single boundary, multiple parallel boundaries, or multiple intersecting boundaries, with boundary orientations of 0°, 26.55°, 45°, 63.45°, or 90°. The compressive responses of these architected polycrystal lattices are investigated to reveal the effects of the boundary orientations. Especially the relations between the shearing deformation and the boundary orientation are clarified, and the underlying shearing mechanisms are discussed to provide a basis for predicting and explaining the energy absorbing capacity in the architected polycrystal lattice. For the architected polycrystal lattice consisting of +30° and −30° orientated metagrains with intrinsic shear bands of 60° and 75°, the 75° rather than 60° shear band is more likely to occur when the angle of the architected polycrystal boundary increases from 0° to 90°. Most importantly, the higher energy absorption prefers the shear band more horizontal and shorter, which can be realized by increasing the angle and the number of grain boundaries. This contributes to resisting catastrophic failure for lattice structures. These findings provide guidance for developing novel lattice structures with well‐controlled mechanical characteristics.
A Carbon Aerogel Lightweight Al Battery for Fast Storage of Fluctuating Energy
Authors: Lv Aijing , Wang Mingyong , Shi Haotian , Lu Songle , Zhang Jintao , Jiao Shuqiang
Published: July 2023

Al batteries have great potential for renewable energy storage owing to their low cost, high capacity, and safety. High energy density and adaptability to fluctuating electricity are major challenges. Here, a lightweight Al battery for fast storage of fluctuating energy is constructed based on a novel hierarchical porous dendrite‐free carbon aerogel film (CAF) anode and an integrated graphite composite carbon aerogel film (GCAF) cathode. A new induced mechanism by the O‐containing functional groups on the CAF anode is con‐firmed for uniform Al deposition. The GCAF cathode possesses a higher mass utilization ratio due to the extremely high loading mass (9.5–10.0 mg cm−2) of graphite materials compared to conventional coated cathodes. Meanwhile, the volume expansion of the GCAF cathode is almost negligible, resulting in better cycling stability. The lightweight CAF‖GCAF full battery can adapt well to large and fluctuating current densities owing to its hierarchical porous structure. A large discharge capacity (115.6 mAh g−1) after 2000 cycles and a short charge time (7.0 min) at a high current density are obtained. The construction strategy of lightweight Al batteries based on carbon aerogel electrodes can promote the breakthrough of high‐energy‐density Al batteries adapted to the fast storage of fluctuating renewable energy.
Hybrid Metalens for Miniaturised Ultraviolet Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Li Kezheng , Martins Augusto , Bohora Sanket , Dhakal Ashim , Martins Emiliano R. , Krauss Thomas F.
Published: July 2023

The advantages of metalenses to enable miniaturized systems have been well established, especially in the visible and infrared wavelength regimes. The ultraviolet (UV) presents a final frontier because feature size scales as the wavelength, so realizing a large size metalens with a high numerical aperture (NA) in the UV is a major challenge. Here, a single‐layer, thin‐film (450 nm) hybrid metalens with an NA of 0.9 and a diameter of 6.2 mm is presented. By combining a Fresnel lens and optimised binary gratings, the well‐known shadowing effect of Fresnel lenses at high NA is avoided while being able to realize a large area lens. It is demonstrated that the combination of high NA and large area affords efficient detection of tryptophan‐like fluorescence, which is a well‐studied proxy for water contamination with faecal coliforms. The detection of tryptophan at levels better than 1 ppb, which corresponds to the low‐risk category for drinking water according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is shown. It is also confirmed that the hybrid metalens fluorescence collection efficiency is 3.5 times higher than a high NA plano‐convex lens used in state‐of‐the‐art fluorometers, which demonstrates that the versatile metalens approach opens up new opportunities in the UV.
Adamantaniline Derivatives Target ATP5B to Inhibit Translation of Hypoxia Inducible Factor‐1α
Authors: Li Huiti , Liu Yali , Xue Zian , Zhang Li , Ruan Xiaoxue , Yang Jintong , Fan Zhongjiao , Zhao Hongfang , Cao Yu , Chen Guoqiang , Xu Ying , Zhou Lu
Published: July 2023

Hypoxia inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) plays a critical role in cellular adaptation to hypoxia and it is a potential therapeutic target for anti‐cancer drugs. Applying high‐throughput screening, here it is found that HI‐101, a small molecule containing an adamantaniline moiety, effectively reduces HIF‐1α protein expression. With the compound as a hit, a probe (HI‐102) is developed for target identification by affinity‐based protein profiling. The catalytic β subunit of mitochondrial FOF1‐ATP synthase, ATP5B, is identified as the binding protein of HI‐derivatives. Mechanistically, HI‐101 promotes the binding of HIF‐1α mRNA to ATP5B, thus inhibiting HIF‐1α translation and the following transcriptional activity. Further modifications of HI‐101 lead to HI‐104, a compound with good pharmacokinetic properties, exhibiting antitumor activity in MHCC97‐L mice xenograft model, and HI‐105, the most potent compound with an IC50 of 26 nm. The findings provide a new strategy for further developing HIF‐1α inhibitors by translational inhibition through ATP5B.
Effect of temporal changes in stamen position on reproductive success in flowers with many stamens: Manipulations of stamen position
Authors: Sanuki Arisa , Itagaki Tomoyuki , Sakai Satoki
Published: July 2023

Premise

Male and female reproductive success is enhanced (increased outcrossing and seed production, respectively) by stamen movement in species that have few stamens per flower. Does such enhancement also occur in species that have many stamens per flower?

Methods

We examined the effects of stamen movement on male and female reproductive success in Anemone flaccida, which has many stamens per flower. We measured stamen movement, including temporal changes in anther–stigma and anther–anther distances. We experimentally fixed stamens in their pre‐ or post‐movement positions.

Results

The anthers moved horizontally away from the stigmas with increasing flower age, thus reducing female–male interference. The dehisced anthers tended to move farther from the stigmas, while the undehisced or dehiscing anthers remained closer to them. The number of anthers touched per flower visit was higher in flowers whose stamens were fixed in the pre‐movement position than in flowers whose stamens were fixed in the post‐movement position or in flowers that were not manipulated. Thus, this position may promote male reproductive success. Seed production was lower for the untreated flowers than for those with stamens fixed in the post‐movement position, suggesting that the post‐movement stamen position is advantageous and stamen movement is suboptimal for female reproductive success.

Conclusions

Stamen movement promotes male reproductive success in the early flowering stage and female reproductive success in the late flowering stage. In species having many stamens per flower, female–male interference can be reduced, but not eliminated, by stamen movement due to the conflict between female and male reproductive successes.
Is 2D:4D digit ratio related to avowed religion? A study among Mongolian young males from Ulaanbaatar
Authors: Jaalkhorol Myadagmaa , Bat‐Orgil Badrangui , Lkhagvasuren Khorolsuren , Dashtseren Amarsaikhan , Dulamsuren Oyunbileg , Jaalkhorol Tsetsegsuren , Khaidav Nansalmaa , Luvsan Lkhagvasuren , Khadkhuu Tuvshintugs , Chakraborty Raja , Kozieł Sławomir
Published: July 2023

Background

The ratio of the second‐ (2D) to fourth (4D) digit lengths of hand (2D:4D) is a proxy marker of the relative testosterone and estrogen concentration during a relatively narrow period of fetal development that might affect behavioral and personality characteristics.

Aim

To estimate the differences in 2D:4D between different religious groups among a sample of young adult males in Mongolia.

Methods

Two hundred and sixty‐five Mongolian male students with mean age of 20.5 (SD = 1.7) years from different universities in Ulan Bator, were included in the study. Information on age, religious affiliation, marital status and parental education were obtained directly from each study participant. Digit lengths were measured from scanned images by using the ImageJ software 1.53 K. One‐way analysis of variance was employed to evaluate whether they were significant differences in 2D:4D ratio between groups, along with Scheffe's post hoc comparison.

Results

Study participants significantly differed in 2D:4D across religion. Left 2D:4D, but not the right, showed a significant difference between religions, with Muslims exhibiting the highest 2D:4D mean and the lowest DR−L.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that the 2D:4D ratio is related to the participants' religion. However, the distinctiveness of the Muslim students from study participants belonging to other religious groups in this study could also be related to ethnic differences, given that the students were Kazakhs. This is, to our knowledge, the only study looking at the relationship between the 2D:4D ratio and religious affiliation and, thus, further research is needed to confirm its results.
Cross Couplings of Cinnamates to Benzo‐Fused Oxanorbornadienes
Authors: Cheng Chung‐Hsuan , Hsueh Han‐Hsuan , Jian Shi‐Jie , Chen Chien‐Tien
Published: July 2023

Potential exo‐specific [3+2] cascade cyclizations between o‐Br‐substituted cinnamates (CM−Br) and benzo‐fused 7‐oxa‐norbornadiene (Bz‐OND) by Pd‐mediated catalysis were explored both in racemic and asymmetric methods. A systematic study on Pd(II) catalysts, silane additives, carbonate bases, solvents, chiral diphosphines within a reaction temperature range of 60–80 °C were carried out. The best combination was between methyl o‐Br‐cinnamate and Bz‐OND catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2/dppf and /DM‐BINAP, respectively, in CH3CN at 80 °C. The desired racemic and optically active Bz‐OND‐fused indanes bearing 1‐carbonylmethylidene (CBM) unit were thus afforded in 95 % and 71 % yields and with enantioselectivities of up to 43 % ee. The optimal asymmetric recipe can be applied to alkyl, aryl cinnamates, 4‐substituted, and 5‐substituted o‐bromo‐cinnamates. Exclusive hydrogenations from the exo‐face of the CBM alkene units can be readily done by Pd(0)/charcoal in EtOAc, affording the product complementary to the direct Rh(I)‐catalyzed cyclization.
Polyolefin‐Based Separator with Interfacial Chemistry Regulation for Robust Potassium Metal Batteries
Authors: Tu Long , Zhang Zhijia , Zhao Zelin , Xiang Xinyuan , Deng Bohua , Liu Dan , Qu Deyu , Tang Haolin , Li Junsheng , Liu Jinping
Published: July 2023

Potassium metal batteries (KMBs) are ideal choices for high energy density storage system owing to the low electrochemical potential and low cost of K. However, the practical KMB applications suffer from intrinsically active K anode, which would bring serious safety concerns due to easier generation of dendrites. Herein, to explore a facile approach to tackle this issue, we propose to regulate K plating/stripping via interfacial chemistry engineering of commercial polyolefin‐based separator using multiple functional units integrated in tailored metal organic framework. As a case study, the functional units of MIL‐101(Cr) offer high elastic modulus, facilitate the dissociation of potassium salt, improve the K+ transfer number and homogenize the K+ flux at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Benefiting from these favorable features, uniform and stable K plating/stripping is realized with the regulated separator. Full battery assembled with the regulated separator showed ~19.9 % higher discharge capacity than that with glass fiber separator at 20 mA g−1 and much better cycling stability at high rates. The generality of our approach is validated with KMBs using different cathodes and electrolytes. We envision that the strategy to suppress dendrite formation by commercial separator surface engineering using tailor‐designed functional units can be extended to other metal/metal ion batteries.
Atomic Insights into Synergistic Nitroarene Hydrogenation over Nanodiamond‐Supported Pt1−Fe1 Dual‐Single‐Atom Catalyst
Authors: Deng Pengcheng , Duan Jianglin , Liu Fenli , Yang Na , Ge Huibin , Gao Jie , Qi Haifeng , Feng Dan , Yang Man , Qin Yong , Ren Yujing
Published: July 2023

Fundamental understanding of the synergistic effect of bimetallic catalysts is of extreme significance in heterogeneous catalysis, but a great challenge lies in the precise construction of uniform dual‐metal sites. Here, we develop a novel method for constructing Pt1−Fe1/ND dual‐single‐atom catalyst, by anchoring Pt single atoms on Fe1−N4 sites decorating a nanodiamond (ND) surface. Using this catalyst, the synergy of nitroarenes selective hydrogenation is revealed. In detail, hydrogen is activated on the Pt1−Fe1 dual site and the nitro group is strongly adsorbed on the Fe1 site via a vertical configuration for subsequent hydrogenation. Such synergistic effect decreases the activation energy and results in an unprecedented catalytic performance (3.1 s−1 turnover frequency, ca. 100 % selectivity, 24 types of substrates). Our findings advance the applications of dual‐single‐atom catalysts in selective hydrogenations and open up a new way to explore the nature of synergistic catalysis at the atomic level.
Fine‐Tuning the Molecular Design for High‐Performance Molecular Diodes Based on Pyridyl Isomers
Authors: Peng Wuxian , Chen Ningyue , Wang Caiyun , Xie Yu , Qiu Shengzhe , Li Shuwei , Zhang Liang , Li Yuan
Published: July 2023

Better control of molecule‐electrode coupling (Γ) to minimize leakage current is an effective method to optimize the functionality of molecular diodes. Herein we embedded 5 isomers of phenypyridyl derivatives, each with an N atom placed at a different position, in two electrodes to fine‐tune Γ between self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) and the top electrode of EGaIn (eutectic Ga−In terminating in Ga2O3). Combined with electrical tunnelling results, characterizations of electronic structures, single‐level model fittings, and DFT calculations, we found that the values of Γ of SAMs formed by these isomers could be regulated by nearly 10 times, thereby contributing to the leakage current changing over about two orders of magnitude and switching the isomers from resistors to diodes with a rectification ratio (r+=|J(+1.5 V)/J(−1.5 V)|) exceeding 200. We demonstrated that the N atom placement can be chemically engineered to tune the resistive and rectifying properties of the molecular junctions, making it possible to convert molecular resistors into rectifiers. Our study provides fundamental insights into the role of isomerism in molecular electronics and offers a new avenue for designing functional molecular devices.
BODIPY‐based Fluorescent Indicators for Lipid Droplets
Authors: Zhu Jianping , Tan Nian Kee , Kikuchi Kai , Kaur Amandeep , New Elizabeth J.
Published: July 2023

Lipid droplets are essential for cellular lipid storage, playing critical roles in cellular lipid metabolism. Although lipid droplets have drawn intense research in recent years, much remains to be uncovered about the roles of this organelle in biology. Lipid droplet indicators exhibiting large Stokes shifts and improved brightness are therefore in demand. We report two asymmetric BODIPY derivatives, BoL1 and BoL2 bearing a benzothiazole group at the 6‐position, which led to bathochromic shifts of 62 nm for BoL1 and 37 nm for BoL2 in fluorescence emission when compared to the reference molecules without the benzothiazole group. The incorporation of the benzothiazole moiety also resulted in a large Stokes shift of 40 nm. BoL1 and BoL2 have been demonstrated to operate as lipid droplet indicators in both confocal and STED imaging. BoL2 showed particularly good cellular retention and was further applied to explore the impact of cellular starvation on the trafficking of lipid droplets.
High‐temperature resistance and excellent electrical insulation in epoxy resin blends
Authors: Zhang Changhai , Liu Zeyang , Zhang Tiandong , Wang Xubin , Yin Chao , Liu Xianli , Chi Qingguo
Published: July 2023

The packaging insulation material was a crucial component to guarantee the stable and safe operation of electronic devices. Epoxy resin, one of the most popular packaging materials, was widely used as an electronic packaging material because of its good corrosion resistance and electrical insulation, low price, and easy processing and molding. However, the unsatisfied heat resistance cannot meet the requirements of the rapid development of third‐generation power semiconductors, so it was meaningful to modify the epoxy resin with both excellent heat resistance and insulation. In this paper, tetrafunctional epoxy resin AG70 and phenolic epoxy resin F51 was blended in different proportions to combine their individual advantages, and the microstructure and electrical/thermal properties of epoxy resin blends had been systematically studied. The results showed that with the increase of blending ratio of AG70 with F51, both high glass transition temperature of 213.3°C and electric breakdown of 206.1 kV/mm were achieved when the blending ratio was 5:5, displaying excellent overall performances and exhibiting great application potential in electronic and microelectronic industries.
High‐throughput fabrication, structural characterization, and cellular interaction of compositionally diverse fish gelatin/polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous materials
Authors: Lacy Hannah A. , Jenčová Věra , Hauzerová Šarká , Stanishevsky Andrei
Published: July 2023

Nanofibers made by blending natural and synthetic biopolymers have shown promise for better mechanical stability, ECM morphology mimicry, and cellular interaction of such materials. With the evolution of production methods of nanofibers, alternating field electrospinning (a.k.a. alternating current (AC) electrospinning) demonstrates a strong potential for scalable and sustainable fabrication of nanofibrous materials. This study focuses on AC‐electrospinning of poorly miscible blends of gelatin from cold water fish skin (FGEL) and polycaprolactone (PCL) in a range of FGEL/PCL mass ratios from 0.9:0.1 to 0.4:0.6 in acetic acid single‐solvent system. The nanofiber productivity rates of 7.8–19.0 g/h were obtained using a single 25 mm diameter dish‐like spinneret, depending on the precursor composition. The resulting nanofibrous meshes had 94%–96% porosity and revealed the nanofibers with 200–750 nm diameters and smooth surface morphology. The results of FTIR, XRD, and water contact angle analyses have shown the effect of FGEL/PCL mass ratio on the changes in the material wettability, PCL crystallinity and orientation of PCL crystalline regions, and secondary structure of FGEL in as‐spun and thermally crosslinked materials. Preliminary in vitro tests with 3 T3 mouse fibroblasts confirmed favorable and tunable cell attachment, proliferation, and spreading on all tested FGEL/PCL nanofibrous meshes.
Customization from Single to Dual Atomic Sites for Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Value‐added Chemicals
Authors: Wei Kunling , Pan Keheng , Qu Guangfei , Zhou Junhong
Published: July 2023

In recent years, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have received increasing attention in the field of electrochemical CO2RR with their efficient atom utilization efficiency and excellent catalytic performance. However, their low metal loading and the presence of linear relationships for single active sites with simple structures possibly restrict their activity and practical applications. Active site tailoring at the atomic level is a visionary approach to break the existing limitations of SACs. This paper first briefly introduces the synthesis strategies of SACs and DACs. Then, combining previous experimental and theoretical studies, this paper introduces four optimization strategies, namely spin‐state tuning engineering, axial functionalization engineering, ligand engineering, and substrate tuning engineering, for improving the catalytic performance of SACs in the electrochemical CO2RR process by combining previous experimental and theoretical studies. Then it is introduced that DACs exhibit significant advantages over SACs in increasing metal atom loading, promoting the adsorption and activation of CO2 molecules, modulating intermediate adsorption, and promoting C−C coupling. At the end of this paper, we briefly and succinctly summarize the main challenges and application prospects of SACs and DACs in the field of electrochemical CO2RR at present.
The detection mechanism for false data injection attack via the ellipsoidal set‐membership approach
Authors: Zhang Hao , He Lei , Wang Zhuping , Gao Sheng , Yan Huaicheng
Published: July 2023

The false data injection (FDI) attack detection problem in cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) is investigated in this paper. A novel attack detection algorithm is proposed based on the ellipsoidal set‐membership approach. In comparison to the existing FDI attack detection methods, the developed attack detection approach in this paper neither requires predefined thresholds nor specific statistical characteristics of the attacks. In order to guarantee that the estimation ellipsoid contains normal states despite the unknown but bounded (UBB) process and measurement noises, the one‐step ellipsoidal set‐membership estimation method is put forward. In addition, a convex optimization algorithm is introduced to calculate the gain matrix of the observer recursively. Moreover, with the help of the state estimation ellipsoid, the residual ellipsoid can be obtained for attack detection. Whether a detector can detect the FDI attack depends on the relationship between the residual value and residual ellipsoidal set. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a numerical simulation example.
Social, environmental, and economic dimensions of innovation capabilities: Theorizing from sustainable business
Authors: Nascimento Leandro da Silva , da Rosa Juliana Ribeiro , da Silva Athos Ribeiro , Reichert Fernanda Maciel
Published: July 2023

Although innovation capabilities are essential to increase companies' success and innovative performance, they are still underexplored regarding sustainability. This paper aims to analyze how Technology Development, Operations, Management, and Transaction innovation capabilities are interrelated with sustainable companies' social, environmental, and economic sustainability. We performed a multi‐case study comprising sustainable small enterprises from four industries: sustainable fashion, sustainable hosting, shared furniture, and renewable energy. From the results, we propose that each innovation capability has three dimensions: social, environmental, and economic. Each dimension has a set of components that can differ across capabilities. We then develop a conceptual scheme, a new theoretical lens that intertwines the literature on innovation capabilities and sustainability. We propose the concepts of Sustainable Technology Development Capability, Sustainable Operations Capability, Sustainable Management Capability, and Sustainable Transaction Capability. Our findings can assist sustainable businesses to improve, and traditional companies to build, sustainable innovation capabilities.
Effects of Copper Doping in High‐Rate, Lithium Manganese‐Rich Layered Oxide Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cabello Marta , Drewett Nicholas , Aduviri Clara , Villaverde Aitor
Published: July 2023

Lithium manganese‐rich layered oxides are promising cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries due to their high discharge capacity, but they suffer from capacity fading and poor rate performance. Herein we report on the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of Li1.15Mn0.7Ni0.2Co0.1O2 synthesized via a sol gel method, and study the effect of copper doping on the resulting materials. Electrochemical testing at 1 C revealed 1 % Cu doping enhanced capacity retention (from 58 % to 78 %) but also decreased capacity, while in contrast 10 % Cu doping increased capacity by 21 %. Thorough characterization (including x‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectroscopy, and electrochemical analyses such as voltage vs. capacity and dQ/dV plots) was employed to understand these results, which may be attributed to the competition of two different phenomena depending on the copper content. Consequently, this work highlights the importance of targeting bespoke stoichiometries depending on the desired electrochemical characteristics – an important point for the future design of materials for fast charging and high power applications.
Mixed‐Valence Tetrametallic Iridium Chains
Authors: Pilar del Río M. , Villarroya B. Eva , López José A. , Geer Ana M. , Lahoz Fernando J. , Ciriano Miguel A. , Tejel Cristina
Published: July 2023

Neutral [X−{Ir2}−{Ir2}−X] (X=Cl, Br, SCN, I) and dicationic [L−{Ir2}−{Ir2}−L]2+ (L=MeCN, Me2CO) tetrametallic iridium chains made by connecting two dinuclear {Ir2} units ({Ir2}=[Ir2(μ‐OPy)2(CO)4], OPy=2‐pyridonate) by an iridium–iridium bond are described. The complexes exhibit fractional averaged oxidation states of +1.5 and electronic delocalization along the metallic chain. While the axial ligands do not significantly affect the metal–metal bond lengths, the metallic chain has a significant impact on the iridium–L/X bond distances. The complexes show free rotation around the unsupported iridium‐iridium bond in solution, with a low‐energy transition state for the chloride chain. The absorption spectra of these complexes show characteristic bands at 438–504 nm, which can be fine‐tuned by varying the terminal capping ligands.
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Pyrolysis – Recycling Germany's Sorted Mixed Plastic Waste
Authors: Hermanns Ronja , Kraft Axel , Hartmann Philipp , Meys Raoul
Published: July 2023

Pyrolysis is seen as promising to recycle sorted mixed plastic waste and reduce the global warming impact of the linear plastic economy. However, in Germany, the benefits of pyrolysis are questioned due to a lack of transparent data and regional life cycle assessments. Here, we provide a life cycle assessment of pyrolysis with caustic soda or lime compared to waste incineration with energy recovery. The life cycle assessment evaluates the treatment of 1 kg of Germany's sorted mixed plastic waste while providing full data transparency of the processes. Our results show a reduction in global warming impacts of 60 % to 94 %, considering today's and the future German energy system.
Biochar‐based interfacial evaporation materials derived from lignosulfonate for efficient desalination
Authors: Chen Shilin , Sun Lan , Huang Yuqing , Yang Dongjie , Zhou Mingsong , Zheng Dafeng
Published: July 2023

The solar‐driven interfacial evaporation has attracted great attention for the purpose of alleviating freshwater shortage. Lignosulfonate (LS), a main byproduct of sulfite pulping processes, is an abundant natural resource but has not been reasonably utilized. To mitigate the above problems, biochar‐based interfacial evaporators derived from LS for solar steam generation were studied in this paper. First, LS was used as a raw material for fabricating carbon materials by carbonization to construct LS‐derived carbon (CLS). Meanwhile, LS‐derived porous carbon (PCLS) in the presence of CaCO3 as the activator was also prepared. Next, the two biochar powders, as solar absorbers, were crosslinked with polyvinyl alcohol to prepare the interfacial evaporation materials (PVA@PCLS and PVA@CLS). The open porous structure facilitated the capillary effect and water transport to the evaporator surface. It was also found that the light absorption of the materials could reach more than 97% in the 250–2500 nm range. Moreover, the water evaporation rate and the solar‐to‐vapor conversion efficiency of PVA@PCLS and PVA@CLS were 2.33, 1.82 kg m−2 h−1, and 83.7%, 69.3% respectively under 1 sun (1 kW m−2) irradiation. The solar‐to‐vapor conversion efficiency of PVA@PCLS was much increased after the carbonization of LS. In addition, the material cost of PVA@PCLS is only $38.3/kg due to the low price of LS. Therefore, this work provides an economic and efficient strategy for solar‐driven desalination and a possible way for the high‐value utilization of lignin.
Strong Asymptotics of Planar Orthogonal Polynomials: Gaussian Weight Perturbed by Finite Number of Point Charges
Authors: Lee Seung‐Yeop , Yang Meng
Published: July 2023

We consider the orthogonal polynomialpn(z) with respect to the planar measure supported on the whole complex planewhere dAis the Lebesgue measure of the plane,Nis a positive constant, {c1, …,cν} are nonzero real numbers greater than −1 and are distinct points inside the unit disk. In the scaling limit whenn/N= 1 andn→ ∞ we obtain the strong asymptotics of the polynomialpn(z). We show that the support of the roots converges to what we call the “multiple Szegő curve,” a certain connected curve havingν+ 1 components in its complement. We apply the nonlinear steepest descent method [9,10] on the matrix Riemann‐Hilbert problem of size (ν+ 1) × (ν+ 1) posed in [22]. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals, LLC.
Newton's method revisited: How accurate do we have to be?
Authors: Kjelgaard Mikkelsen Carl Christian , López‐Villellas Lorién , García‐Risueño Pablo
Published: July 2023

We analyze the convergence of quasi‐Newton methods in exact and finite precision arithmetic using three different techniques. We derive an upper bound for the stagnation level and we show that any sufficiently exact quasi‐Newton method will converge quadratically until stagnation. In the absence of sufficient accuracy, we are likely to retain rapid linear convergence. We confirm our analysis by computing square roots and solving bond constraint equations in the context of molecular dynamics. In particular, we apply both a symmetric variant and Forsgren's variant of the simplified Newton method. This work has implications for the implementation of quasi‐Newton methods regardless of the scale of the calculation or the machine.
A New Metal–Organic Complex (Br‐C6H3(I)‐NH2)2CuBr2: Growth and Structural Properties
Authors: Li Ge , Wang Minqiang , Li Xiaolei
Published: July 2023

Metal–organic complexes are a class of promising functional materials, especially for thermoelectric materials. Here, for the first time, a new metal–organic complex (Br‐C6H3(I)‐NH2)2CuBr2 is designed and synthesized. (Br‐C6H3(I)‐NH2)2CuBr2 single crystals are obtained via a vapor diffusion method. X‐ray single crystal diffraction results indicate that the material crystallizes in the triclinic system, with the space group P and the following crystal structural data: a = 4.7825(7) Å, b = 8.8072(12) Å, c = 11.4652(16) Å, α = 80.450(5)°, β = 81.699(6)°, γ = 80.824(5)°, V = 466.67(11) Å3, and Z = 1. The structure of packing in the crystal is alternatively arranged composed of inorganic layers of CuBr2 and organic layers of Br‐C6H3(I)‐NH2. The molecular geometries structure of the crystal is discussed via intra and intermolecular interactions and molecular geometry. This work may provide a new material for new emerging high‐performance thermoelectric materials.
Synchronization techniques for underwater acoustic communications
Authors: Sameer Babu T. P. , Ameer P. M. , David Koilpillai R.
Published: July 2023

Underwater acoustic channel is a challenging medium for communication due to the presence of significant multipath, high noise, frequency‐dependent propagation loss, and high and non‐uniform Doppler spread. Doppler shift is non‐negligible in underwater communication due to the low velocity of underwater signals. Synchronization and Doppler estimation are important requirements for achieving good performance in this channel. Synchronization algorithms that give good performance in radio communication do not work well in underwater communication. Hence, this area has received a lot of attention from researchers. This paper surveys important works in the area. The techniques proposed in the literature for frame synchronization, frequency and phase synchronization, and timing synchronization in single carrier communications are reviewed here. The synchronization techniques proposed for OFDM, MIMO OFDM, and spread spectrum communication are also surveyed. Doppler estimation methods proposed in the literature are also reviewed. It is found that most of the recent works in underwater acoustic communication focus on OFDM synchronization. Deep learning‐based methods proposed in the literature are also reviewed. Key open problems and areas that require future research attention in the field of synchronization and Doppler estimation in underwater communications are highlighted in this paper. The area needing most attention of underwater communication researchers was found to be MIMO OFDM due to the difficulty in synchronization in such systems while used in underwater communication. Reducing the computational complexity of the algorithms used is also important for future work. Schemes that work with Doppler due to relative velocity over 10 m/s also need to be developed.
Germination and seedling growth of Calluna vulgaris is sensitive to regional climate, heathland succession, and drought
Authors: Birkeli Kristine , Gya Ragnhild , Haugum Siri Vatsø , Velle Liv Guri , Vandvik Vigdis
Published: July 2023

The coastal heathlands of Northwest Europe are highly valued cultural landscapes, that are critically endangered due to land use and climatic changes, such as increased frequency and severity of drought events. Our study is the first to assess how the germination and early seedling growth of Calluna vulgaris respond to drought. In a factorial design field experiment, we exposed maternal plants to three in‐situ drought treatments (control, 60%, 90% roof coverage), across three successional stages after fire (pioneer, building, mature), and two regions (60°N, 65°N). Seeds from 540 plants within the experiment were, weighed, and exposed to five water potentials, ranging from −0.25 to −1.7 MPa, in a growth chamber experiment. We recorded germination (percentage, rate), seedling growth (above‐ vs. belowground allocation), and seedling functional traits (specific leaf area [SLA], specific root length [SRL]). Overall variation in germination between regions, successional stages, and maternal drought treatments was largely mediated by variation in seed mass. Plants from the northernmost region had higher seed mass and germination percentages. This is indicative of higher investment in seeds, likely linked to the populations' absence of vegetative root sprouting. Seeds from the mature successional stage germinated to lower final percentages than those from earlier successional stages, especially when the maternal plants had been exposed to drought (60% and 90% roof coverage). Exposure to reduced water availability decreased germination percentage and increased the time to 50% germination. Seedlings fully developed in the range −0.25 to −0.7 MPa, with increased root:shoot and lower SRL during reduced water availability, suggesting a resource‐conservative response to drought during the early stages of development. Our results thus suggest a sensitivity to drought during the germination and seedling life‐history stages that may reduce Calluna's ability to re‐establish from seeds as the incidence and severity of droughts are projected to increase under future climates.
SensorDrop: A system to remotely detach individual sensors from wildlife tracking collars
Authors: Rafiq K. , Appleby R. G. , Davies A. , Abrahms B.
Published: July 2023

The growing diversity of animal‐borne sensor types is revolutionizing our understanding of wildlife biology. For example, researcher‐developed sensors, such as audio and video loggers, are being increasingly attached to wildlife tracking collars to provide insights into a range of topics from species interactions to physiology. However, such devices are often prohibitively power‐intensive, relative to conventional wildlife collar sensors, and their retrieval without compromising long‐term data collection and animal welfare remains a challenge. We present an open‐source system (SensorDrop) for remotely detaching individual sensors from wildlife collars. SensorDrop facilitates the retrieval of power‐intensive sensors while leaving non‐resource‐intensive sensors intact on animals. SensorDrop systems can be made using commercially available components and are a fraction of the cost of other timed drop‐off devices that detach full wildlife tracking collars. From 2021 to 2022, eight SensorDrop units were successfully deployed on free‐ranging African wild dog packs in the Okavango Delta as part of audio‐accelerometer sensor bundles attached to wildlife collars. All SensorDrop units detached after 2–3 weeks and facilitated the collection of audio and accelerometer data while leaving wildlife GPS collars intact to continue collecting locational data (>1 year), critical for long‐term conservation population monitoring in the region. SensorDrop offers a low‐cost method to remotely detach and retrieve individual sensors from wildlife collars. By selectively detaching battery‐depleted sensors, SensorDrop maximizes the amount of data collected per wildlife collar deployment and mitigates ethical concerns on animal rehandling. SensorDrop adds to the growing body of open‐source animal‐borne technologies being utilized by wildlife researchers to innovate and expand upon data collection practices and supports the continued ethical use of novel technologies within wildlife studies.
Inter‐annual variation in amphibian larval interspecies interactions
Authors: Ford Jessica , Green David M.
Published: July 2023

The outcomes of species interactions can vary by life stage, year, and surrounding environmental conditions. Amphibian species are expected to compete most strongly during their tadpole stage when they exist in the highest densities. Changes in arrival timing, surrounding aquatic communities, and yearly conditions could all affect the outcome of larval competition. In Long Point, Ontario, the Fowler's toad (Anaxyrus fowleri) is at the northern edge of its range and overlaps with the more common American toad (Anaxyrus americanus). Both species breed in ponds that encounter high inter‐annual variation. To determine whether these species compete strongly, and if this effect was replicated across multiple years, we raised both species as tadpoles together and, apart, in mesocosms in 2018 and 2021. We measured survivorship to, weight at, and time to metamorphosis for both species in both years. We determined that the presence of American toad tadpoles consistently had a detrimental effect on Fowler's toad tadpoles, even though this effect presented itself differently across years. Our study suggests that competitive exclusion by American toads could be occurring at the edge of the Fowler's toad's range. This study further demonstrates the importance of studying communities across multiple years to understand the full scope of species interactions.
Possible niche compression and individual specialization in Pacific Arctic beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) from the 19th to 20th century
Authors: Fraleigh Devin C. , Archer Frederick I. , Williard Amanda S. , Hückstädt Luis A. , Fleming Alyson H.
Published: July 2023

Cetaceans have shown a potential to be used as sentinel species for tracking environmental change in marine ecosystems, yet our assessment of change is typically limited to recent decades and lacks ecological baselines. Using historical museum specimens, we compared community niche metrics and degree of individual dietary specialization in groups of Pacific Arctic beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) from the 1800s (n = 5) to 1900s (n = 10) using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes drilled from teeth. Beluga occupied a broader trophic niche and demonstrated a higher degree of individual specialization in the 1800s than in the 1900s. The cause of this shift is difficult to confirm given long timescales and constraints of specimen‐based research but could indicate changes in the prey base or competition. The scale and nature of this detected shift provide perspective for continued research on these climate‐vulnerable species.
Nano‐Ni‐Induced Electronic Modulation of MoS2 Nanosheets Enables Energy‐Saving H2 Production and Sulfide Degradation
Authors: Liu Fan , Cai Xinghong , Tang Yang , Liu Wenqian , Chen Qianwei , Dong Peixin , Xu Maowen , Tan Yangyang , Bao Shujuan
Published: July 2023

Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and sulfion (S2−) recycling are promising strategies for boosting H2 production and removing environmental pollutants. Here, a nano‐Ni‐functionalized molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheet was assembled on steel mesh (Ni‐MoS2/SM) for use in sulfide oxidation reaction‐assisted, energy‐saving H2 production. Experimental and theoretical calculation results revealed that anchoring nano‐Ni on high‐surface‐area slack MoS2 nanosheets not only optimized catalyst adsorption of polysulfides but also played an important role in promoting hydrogen evolution reaction kinetics by absorbing OHad, thereby greatly enhancing the catalytic performance toward sulfide oxidation reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction. Meanwhile, the Ni/MoS2‐based hydrogen evolution reaction + sulfide oxidation reaction system achieved nearly 100% hydrogen production efficiency and only consumed 61% less power per kWh than the oxygen evolution reaction + hydrogen evolution reaction system, which suggested our proposed Ni‐MoS2 and novel hydrogen production system are promising for sustainable energy production.