bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LIFE AND SCIENTIFIC AND PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF I. M. YEREMEIEV (1887 – 1957)
Authors:   Hryhorii Skovoroda University in Pereiaslav, Pereiaslav, Ukraine, Honcharenko Oleksiy , Zlenko Аlla ,   Hryhorii Skovoroda University in Pereiaslav, Pereiaslav, Ukraine
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the biography and scientific and pedagogical activities of the scientist, breeder of the world-famous variety of Ukrainka winter wheat, and teacher, professor Ivan Maksymovych Yeremeiev. Ivan Maksymovych was born on January 7, 1887, in Romny, Poltava governorate. We analyzed the main stages of the scientist's life and career based on archival sources and scientific publications. He received his primary education at the Kursk Real School, and in 1904 entered the Kharkiv Institute of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry. However, due to his involvement in revolutionary activities, in 1907 he was forced to emigrate to France. The future breeder received higher education at the Agronomic Institute of Nancy. It was there that he began his scientific work under the influence of outstanding scientists, studying the latest views and methods of agronomic science. After returning to the Russian Empire in 1915, I.M. Yeremeiev worked for some time at the Ivanovo breeding and research station in Okhtyrka, and from 1917 to 1939 at the Myronivska experimental breeding station in Kyiv governorate. During this period the team of breeders, including Ivan Maksymovych, developed the world-famous variety of winter wheat «Ukrainka 0246». In the 30s, the scientist switched over to work at the All-Union Research Institute of Sugar Industry, where, along with breeding, he was engaged in scientific and pedagogical activities. And in 1936 he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Agricultural Sciences. In the 40s Ivan Maksymovych worked as the head of the Northern Dvina breeding station of the Arkhangelsk region. From 1951 until the end of his life he lectured at the Uman Agricultural Institute. This study also focuses on some aspects of his personal life. In 1917 he married a student of Kyiv Polytechnic University Oleksandra Heorhiivna Vlaikova. They had two children.
Assimilation, Resilience, and Survival: A History of the Stewart Indian School, 1890–2020
Authors: Hinzo Angel M.
Published: November 2023

Book review
Decolonizing Discipline: Children, Corporal Punishment, Christian Theologies, and Reconciliation
Authors: Schafer-Morgan Destany
Published: November 2023

Book review
Postindian Aesthetics: Affirming Indigenous Literary Sovereignty
Authors: Whiteduck Mallory
Published: November 2023

Book review
Unsettled Borders: The Militarized Science of Surveillance on Sacred Indigenous Land
Authors: Painter Fantasia
Published: November 2023

Book review
Between Sport and Leisure: Competitive Senior Ballroom Dancing as Serious Leisure
Authors: Finkielsztein Mariusz
Published: November 2023

The article examines the motivations, attitudes, and practices of senior ballroom dancing (dancers over 30 years of age). The paper is based on qualitative research (interviews and participant observation) conducted in one Warsaw dancing club and presents senior ballroom dancing as serious leisure as conceptualized by Robert Stebbins, that is, a pursuit of leisure activity that involves long-term commitment and substantial investment in one’s development (and thus, significant personal effort) that creates a distinct social world and a strong identification with the chosen activity. Dancing as a serious leisure activity falls somewhere in the middle of the sport-leisure continuum, and senior ballroom dancing is analyzed as a liminal case between these two, oscillating between recreation and competitive approach. The article investigates the process of professionalization of leisure, showing what place dance and competitions occupy in the lives of senior dancers.
Gaslighting and Interpersonal Relationships: Systematic Review
Authors: AKDENİZ Büşra , CIHAN Hüdayar
Published: November 2023

Gaslighting is a manipulation technique that makes the perpetrator doubt the mind of the victim, questions the perception of reality, and makes the person think that they are crazy. Although gaslighting is thought to be a marriage syndrome, gaslighting can occur not only in marriages but also in all relationships. The purpose of this review study is to systematically compile the studies on gaslighting and relationships, to reveal what kind of relationships gaslighting is seen and what its outputs are. Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, TRDizin, and Web of Science databases were used in the research. The systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA criteria. The terms "gaslighting", "gaslight" and "relationship" were used as keywords in Turkish and English to be scanned in databases. 97 studies were accessed from the databases, 31 studies were viewed and 17 of them were included in the study. Most of the studies were conducted in the USA. The study findings showed that gaslighting can occur in many different areas such as health, politics, and romantic and social relationships. It has been seen that the personality of the victim and the perpetrator, partner addiction, and the balance of power in the relationship are the factors that affect gaslighting. In addition, it has been found in the literature that there are a very limited number of studies on gaslighting. Especially in Turkish literature, quantitative or qualitative study findings directly addressing people who have been exposed to gaslighting have not been found. The reason for this was thought to be related to the fact that a scale study on gaslighting has not yet been carried out in Turkiye.
Analysis of the weighted conical Radon transform
Authors: Duy Nguyen N.
Published: November 2023

In this article, we investigate the weighted conical Radon transform, a novel class of Radon transforms that takes into account the attenuation effect by integrating a function over circular cones. This transform has significant applications in nuclear tomography imaging, the nuclear industry, and homeland security. We propose new inversion formulas for the weighted conical Radon transform, which an explicit formula and a formula based on convolution frames. Furthermore, we provide numerical simulations designed for 2D situation.
Development and validation of a nomogram to predict overall survival in patients with redefined anaplastic thyroid carcinoma based on the SEER database
Authors: zhang chuyue , Li Bin , Yang Yan
Published: November 2023

Background. According to the latest classification of thyroid tumors released by the WHO in 2022, primary squamous c ell carcinoma of the thyroid (PSCCTh ) is classified as anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). The objective of this study was to determine the differences in characteristics between ATC and PSCCTh and develop a nomogram to predict overall survival patients with the redefined anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (rATC).
Methods. Patients diagnosed with ATC and PSCCTh between 2000 and 2018 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were enrolled and randomly divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort with a ratio of 7:3. Overall survival (OS) and cancer specific survival (CSS) was estimated using the Kaplan Meier method and compared using l og r ank tests. The univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to determine independent prognos tic factors of rATC patients. We then developing and validating nomograms to predict the 3 -, 6 and 12 month OS of rATC and the results were evaluated by C-index, and calibration curves.
Result. After application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 1338 ATC and 127 PSCCTh patients, were included in the study. Further OS and CSS of patients with PSCCTh was better than that of patients with ATC. Prognostic factors were not identical for the two cancers. Multivariate Cox model analysis indicated that age, tumor size, Metastasis, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy are independent prognostic factors for CS S in patients with ATC, while for patients with PSCCTh, the corresponding factors are age, and surgery. We selected six survival predictors (age, tumor size, metastasis, surgery, radiation, and, chemotherapy) for nomogram construction. The C indexes in the training and validation cohort were 0.740 and 0.778, respectively, reflecting the good discrimination ability of the model. The calibration curves also showed good consistency in the probability of 3 -, 6 -, and 12 month OS between the actual observation and the nomogram prediction.
Conclusion. We constructed a nomogram to provide a convenient and reliable tool for predicting OS in rATC patients Prognostic factors influencing CSS were not identical in patients with ATC and PSCCTh. These findings indicate th at different clinical treatment and management plans are required for patients with these two types of thyroid cancer.
Influence of N, N'-ethylene bis oleamide (EBO) on the flowability of the Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resin and lubrication mechanism
Authors: Sun Xiang , Lu ShuLai , Song Zhenbiao , Kang Ning , Zhao Shicheng
Published: November 2023

With the aim of enhancing the flowability of the ABS resin, the effect of N, N'-ethylene bis oleamide (EBO) as a new lubricant on the melt flow rate (MFR), torque value, and rheological behavior of ABS resin was investigated. The result showed the MFR of the ABS resin with 2.0 wt% EBO was 22.1 g/10 min, which was improved by 49% compared with the pure ABS resin (14.8 g/10 min). The torque value of the ABS resin, including 2.0 wt% EBO (1.69 N·m) was lower than that of the pure ABS resin (2.03 N·m). The rheological study further indicated that EBO can reduce the complex viscosity of the ABS resin. The above results indicated that EBO was an effective lubricant for the ABS resin. A possible lubrication mechanism was proposed based on the consequences of the rotational rheometry, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and molecular dynamics simulation (MD). EBO decreased the entanglement density of the SAN molecular chains and increased the mobility of the SAN molecular chain segments. On the other hand, EBO increased the space for the free migration of the SAN molecular chain fragments due to the free volume effect. This work, we suggest, will provide a fresh avenue to achieve high-flow ABS resin and new insights into the lubrication mechanism of lubricant in the ABS resin.
Quantifying systemic racial accessibility inequality in urban transit network
Authors: Li Yong , Zhang Yunke , Xu Fengli , Gonzalez Marta C.
Published: November 2023

Urban transit networks are crucial for developing sustainable cities, yet uneven transit infrastructure distribution often leads to unequal access to urban resources. Prior studies utilize simple spatial metrics to measure accessibility, overlooking systemic inequality within transit networks and its real-world implications. Utilizing door-to-door travel information within a complex transit network, we probe racial inequality in transit-oriented accessibility to various urban resources and assess its impact on mobility behaviours. Our analysis reveals minority neighbourhoods endure consistently reduced transit-oriented accessibility to urban areas, job opportunities, and essential facilities by 15.2%, 37.3%, and 37.0%, respectively, compared to White-majority neighbourhoods. The uneven accessibility to urban areas exacerbates residential segregation by 32.1% relative to the equitable scenario. Regarding behavioural consequences, low accessibility subjects minority neighborhoods to constrained activity spaces, elevated unemployment risks, and extended travel distances to essential facilities. To inform potential mitigation policies, we conduct simulation experiments and discover that solely enhancing transit-oriented developments in minority-concentrated public housing districts can reduce current racial inequality by 8.8%. Our findings emphasize the imperative of prioritizing equity and inclusiveness in designing future sustainable transit systems.
It Makes a Village: Child Care and Prosociality *
Authors: Cassar Alessandra , Cristia Alejandrina , Grosjean Pauline , Walker Sarah
Published: November 2023

We examine a novel hypothesis that roots human prosociality in the need to elicit and sustain help from others for the purpose of raising children. Cross-cultural ethnographic data suggests a positive association between societal trust and allomaternal care, i.e., care coming from individuals other than the mother. In this study, we test the relationship between allomaternal care and cooperative behavior among a sample of 820 individuals in the Solomon Islands through a series of dictator games using a within-subject design that enables us to account for unobserved heterogeneity across subjects, as well as several observed and unobserved characteristics of the relationship between individuals and specific people in their network (relatives, acquaintances, and strangers). Our results show that receiving help with child care predicts heightened proso-ciality. This relationship remains strong even after accounting for other forms of mutual help. Moreover, help from non-relatives is associated with prosociality toward strangers, suggesting an important foundation for the development of impersonal prosociality. As evidence of a mechanism sustaining the prevalence of allomaternal care, we document large socio-cognitive benefits to children who receive care from non-relatives, based on stress data and daylong vocalizations of 200 children analyzed using a multilingually-trained neural network.
JEL Codes: I15, O15, Z13
Climate-related Disaster and Human Capital Investment in the Global South — Household Heterogeneity and Growth
Authors: Yokomatsu Muneta , Schinko Thomas , Mochizuki Junko , Rezai Armon
Published: November 2023

This study develops a dynamic model of climate-related disaster impacts, considering multidimensional household heterogeneity, for analyzing changes in growth and inequality in low-income countries. Focusing on human capital development, the study demonstrates the multiple impacts of disaster risk reduction (DRR) policies on human capital investment, including the effect of schooling opportunities for households constrained by the subsistence consumption constraint. Through numerical simulations performed for two economies that differ in terms of human capital, modeled after Madagascar and Fiji, it is illustrated that the possibilities of involuntary unemployment and the work-learning choice drive the diversity in macroeconomic impacts of a disaster. In an economy characterized by low levels of human capital, a disaster could cause an increase in labor supply in the immediate aftermath, but interrupt human capital formation, impeding long-term growth and human capital formation. Such a result contradicts prevailing intuition by demonstrating that a disaster occurring in an economy under recession may not result in a large adverse GDP impact in the short run but may negatively impact growth in the long run. On such a path, a policy of development in DRR infrastructure with appropriate taxation could reduce human-capital gaps in the long run by supporting continued post-disaster human-capital-investment opportunities for the poor.
Analysis of Patient flow through general medical wards at a Tertiary Academic Hospital
Authors: Hunter Mehreen , Peters Shrikant , Khumalo Nontuthuko , Davies Mary-Ann
Published: November 2023

Background
The challenge of enhancing service delivery to meet the needs of a growing and aging population, whilst minimizing expense, is a global concern. There is an urgent need to understand and quantify systemic gaps in the efficient delivery of healthcare services. Movement of patients through a health establishment is a complex activity reliant upon multi-actor co-ordination across departments. Stagnation has negative impacts on both staff and patients by increasing risks of adverse outcomes, staff frustration and job dissatisfaction. An inefficient discharge process can be a significant barrier to timely patient movement. Discharge planning has been adopted in many high-income countries to ensure standardization and process efficiency. However, the heterogeneity of healthcare facilities and their challenges needs to be understood to implement targeted and effective discharge planning.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a central hospital in the Western Cape, South Africa to assess the journey of medical patients from admission to discharge. We reviewed the folders of eligible patients using a data-extraction tool to ascertain reasons for admission and barriers to timely discharge.
Results
Among 86 patient folders reviewed, cumulatively accounting for 596 in-patient days, a difference in the median length of in-patient stay between medical firms (p = 0.042) was noted. The shortest length of stay corresponded to firms with the greatest proportion of daily senior oversight (defined as documented patient reviews by a registrar, medical officer and/or consultant independently or in addition to reviews done for the day by interns and students). Firm 5 had a median length of stay of 5 days with 64% senior oversight and Firm 2 with the lowest senior oversight at 26% had amongst the longest lengths of stay at 8 days. While 52% of patients vacated their beds between 14:00 and 17:00, 66% of patients were admitted after 20:00. Reasons for prolonged admission were variable, and attributable to a range of different disciplines across the multidisciplinary team.
Conclusion
Delays in discharge were multi-factorial, highlighting the need for a standardized discharge process. Increasing senior oversight could assist in enhancing efficient patient movement.
Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Algorithm: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sumiea Ebrahim Hamid , AbdulKadir Said Jadid , Al-Selwi Safwan Mahmood , Alqushaibi Alawi , Ragab Mohammed Gamal , Fati Suliman Mohamed , Alhussian Hitham Seddig
Published: November 2023

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has gained significant adoption in diverse fields and applications, mainly due to its proficiency in resolving complicated decision-making problems in spaces with high-dimensional states and actions. Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) is a well-known DRL algorithm that adopts an actor-critic approach, synthesizing the advantages of value-based and policy-based reinforcement learning methods. The aim of this study is to provide a thorough examination of the latest developments, patterns, obstacles, and potential opportunities related to DDPG. A systematic search was conducted using relevant academic databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect) to identify 85 relevant studies published in the last five years (2018-2023). We provide a comprehensive overview of the key concepts and components of DDPG, including its formulation, implementation, and training. Then, we highlight the various applications and domains of DDPG, including Autonomous Driving, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Resource Allocation, Communications and the Internet of Things, Robotics, and Finance. Additionally, we provide an in-depth comparison of DDPG with other DRL algorithms and traditional RL methods, highlighting its strengths and weaknesses. We believe that this review will be an essential resource for researchers, offering them valuable insights into the methods and techniques utilized in the field of DRL and DDPG.
Machine Learning for Solubility Prediction
Authors: Zheng Tianyuan , Mitchell John B. O. , Dobson Simon
Published: November 2023

The solubility of a chemical in water is a critical parameter in drug development and other fields such as environmental chemistry and agrochemistry, but itsin silicoprediction presents a formidable challenge. Here, we apply a suite of graph-based machine learning algorithms to the benchmark problems posed over several years in international ``solubility challenges'', and also to our own newly-compiled dataset of over 11,000 compounds. We find that graph convolutional networks (GCNs) and graph attention networks (GATs) both show excellent predictive power against these datasets. Although not executed under competition conditions, these approaches achieve better scores in several instances than the best models available at the time. They offer an incremental, but still significant, improvement when compared against a range of existing cheminformatics approaches.
Modeling and characterization of TES-based detectors for the Ricochet experiment
Authors: Chen Ran , Figueroa-Feliciano Enectali , Bratrud Grace , Kennard Kyle Tanner , Mateo Lidabel Ovalle , Novati Valentina , Schmidt Benjamin , Raha Nandita , Rodriguez Alejandro , Chang Clarence , Lisovenko Marharyta , Wang Gensheng , Yefremenko Volodymyr , Zhang Jianjie , Hertel Scott , Pinckney H. Douglas , Patel Pratyush , Chaplinsky Luke , Veihmeyer Charles , Hong Ziqing , Cudmore Elspeth , Formaggio Joseph A. , Li Mingyu , Mayer Daniel W. , Harrington Patrick , Stachurska Juliana , Winslow Lindley , Reyes Faith , De Pontseele Wouter Van
Published: November 2023

Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) offers a valuable approach in searching for physics beyond the Standard Model. The Ricochet experiment aims to perform a precision measurement of the CEvNS spectrum at the Institut Laue–Langevin nuclear reactor with cryogenic solid-state detectors. The experiment plans to employ an array of cryogenic thermal detectors, each with a mass around 30 g and an energy threshold of sub-100 eV.The array includes nine detectors read out by Transition-Edge Sensors (TES). These TES based detectors will also serve as demonstrators for future neutrino experiments with thousands of detectors.In this article we present an update in the characterization and modeling of a prototype TES detector.
An Update on Glutathione's Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Functions, and
Medicinal Purposes
Authors: Gasmi Amin , Nasreen Aniqa , Lenchyk Larysa , Lysiuk Roman , Peana Massimiliano , Shapovalova Nataliya , Piscopo Salva , Komisarenko Mykola , Shanaida Mariia , Smetanina Kateryna , Antonyak Halyna , Fira Liudmyla , Lykhatskyi Petro , Fira Dmytro , Bjørklund Geir
Published: November 2023

Glutathione (GSH) has been the focus of increased scientific interest in the last
decades. It plays a crucial role in all major physiological processes by supplying antioxidant
defenses through participating in cellular redox reactions in the human body and other
living organisms. GSH also participates in detoxifying xenobiotics, protecting protein
thiols from crosslinking and oxidation, regulating the cell cycle, storing cysteine, etc. The
significant role of GSH in the most important physiological processes has been highlighted,
such as maintaining the redox balance and reducing oxidative stress due to its ability
to inactivate the reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur species. It can also enhance metabolic
detoxification and regulate the function of the immune system. All of these characteristics
make it a universal biomarker since its proper balance is essential for improving
health and treating some age-related disorders. This review presents a current concept of
the synthesis and metabolism of GSH; its main functions in a living organism, and as a
precursor and cofactor; data on the use of GSH for medicinal purposes in the prevention
and treatment of some diseases, as well as a nutritional strategy to maintain a normal pool
of GSH in the body. The data were gathered by searching relevant information in multiple
databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar.
The Role of Mitokines in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Yang Ming , Chen Wei , He Liyu , Wang Xi , Liu Di , Xiao Li , Sun Lin
Published: November 2023

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has gradually become one of the main causes of
end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, there is still a lack of effective preventive
measures to delay its progression. As the energy factory in the cell, mitochondria play
an irreplaceable role in maintaining cell homeostasis. Interestingly, recent studies have
shown that in addition to maintaining homeostasis in cells in which mitochondria reside,
when mitochondrial perturbations occur in one tissue, distal tissues can also sense and
act through mitochondrial stress response pathways through a group of proteins or peptides
called “mitokines”. Here, we reviewed the mitokines that have been found thus far
and summarized their research progress in DN. Finally, we explored the possibility of
mitokines as potential therapeutic targets for DN.
Targeting SmCB1: Perspectives and Insights to Design Antischistosomal
Drugs
Authors: dos Santos Nascimento Igor José , Albino Sonaly Lima , da Silva Menezes Karla Joane , de Azevedo Teotônio Cavalcanti Misael , de Oliveira Mozaniel Santana , Mali Suraj N. , de Moura Ricardo Olimpio
Published: November 2023

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are prevalent in tropical and subtropical
countries, and schistosomiasis is among the most relevant diseases worldwide. In addition,
one of the two biggest problems in developing drugs against this disease is related to drug
resistance, which promotes the demand to develop new drug candidates for this purpose.
Thus, one of the drug targets most explored, Schistosoma mansoni Cathepsin B1 (SmCB1
or Sm31), provides new opportunities in drug development due to its essential functions
for the parasite's survival. In this way, here, the latest developments in drug design studies
targeting SmCB1 were approached, focusing on the most promising analogs of nitrile, vinyl
sulphones, and peptidomimetics. Thus, it was shown that despite being a disease
known since ancient times, it remains prevalent throughout the world, with high mortality
rates. The therapeutic arsenal of antischistosomal drugs (ASD) consists only of praziquantel,
which is widely used for this purpose and has several advantages, such as efficacy and
safety. However, it has limitations, such as the impossibility of acting on the immature
worm and exploring new targets to overcome these limitations. SmCB1 shows its potential
as a cysteine protease with a catalytic triad consisting of Cys100, His270, and Asn290.
Thus, design studies of new inhibitors focus on their catalytic mechanism for designing
new analogs. In fact, nitrile and sulfonamide analogs show the most significant potential
in drug development, showing that these chemical groups can be better exploited in drug
discovery against schistosomiasis. We hope this manuscript guides the authors in searching
for promising new antischistosomal drugs.
Review on Molecular Mechanism of Hypertensive Nephropathy
Authors: Peng Zhen , Xu Qiaohong , Hu Wen , Cheng Yimin
Published: November 2023

Hypertension, a prevalent chronic ailment, has the potential to impair kidney function, and thereby
resulting in hypertensive nephropathy. The escalating incidence of hypertensive nephropathy attributed to the
aging population in urban areas, has emerged as a prominent cause of end-stage renal disease. Nevertheless,
the intricate pathogenesis of hypertensive nephropathy poses considerable obstacles in terms of precise clinical
diagnosis and treatment. This paper aims to consolidate the research findings on the pathogenesis of hypertensive
nephropathy by focusing on the perspective of molecular biology.
Targeting Lysyl Oxidase as a Potential Therapeutic Approach to Reducing
Fibrotic Scars Post-operatively: Its Biological Role in Post-Surgical Scar
Development
Authors: Sabbagh Mahin Ghorban , Aliakbarian Mohsen , Khodashahi Rozita , Ferns Gordon-A , Rahimi Hoda , Ashrafzadeh Kiarash , Tavakkoli Mahmoud , Arjmand Mohammad-Hassan
Published: November 2023

Abdominal and pelvic surgery, or any surgical injury of the peritoneum, often leads to
chronic abdominal adhesions that may lead to bowel obstruction, infertility, and pain. Current therapeutic
strategies are usually ineffective, and the pathological mechanisms of the disease are unclear.
Excess collagen cross-linking is a key mediator for extra-cellular matrix deposition and fibrogenesis.
Lysyl oxidase is a key enzyme that catalyzes the formation of stabilizing cross-links in
collagen. Dysregulation of Lysyl oxidase (Lox) expressing upregulates collagen cross-linking,
leading ECM deposition. Tissue hypoxia during surgery induces molecular mechanisms and active
transcription factors to promote the expression of several genes related to inflammation, oxidative
stress, and fibrosis, such as transforming growth factor beta, and Lox. Studies have shown
that targeting Lox improves clinical outcomes and fibrotic parameters in liver, lung, and myocardial
fibrosis, therefore, Lox may be a potential drug target in the prevention of postsurgical adhesion.
Applications of Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering: Current Utilization and
Future Prospective
Authors: Yadav Shikha , Khan Javed , Yadav Agrima
Published: November 2023

Current regenerative medicine tactics focus on regenerating tissue structures pathologically
modified by cell transplantation in combination with supporting scaffolds and biomolecules.
Natural and synthetic polymers, bioresorbable inorganic and hybrid materials, and tissue decellularized
were deemed biomaterials scaffolding because of their improved structural, mechanical,
and biological abilities.Various biomaterials, existing treatment methodologies and emerging technologies
in the field of Three-dimensional (3D) and hydrogel processing, and the unique fabric
concerns for tissue engineering. A scaffold that acts as a transient matrix for cell proliferation and
extracellular matrix deposition, with subsequent expansion, is needed to restore or regenerate the
tissue. Diverse technologies are combined to produce porous tissue regenerative and tailored release
of bioactive substances in applications of tissue engineering. Tissue engineering scaffolds
are crucial ingredients. This paper discusses an overview of the various scaffold kinds and their
material features and applications. Tabulation of the manufacturing technologies for fabric engineering
and equipment, encompassing the latest fundamental and standard procedures.
Development of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polyethylene Glycol Copolymer-based
Orodispersible Films Loaded with Entecavir: Formulation and In vitro
Characterization
Authors: Wei Teng , Zhou Bing-yu , Wu Xin-Hong , Liu Xue-Ai , Huo Ming-Wei , Huang Xiang-Xiang , Shi Ling-Zhi , Shi Li-Li , Cao Qin-Ri
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

The aim of the study is to prepare entecavir (ETV)-loaded orodispersible films
(ODFs) using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) graft copolymer (Kollicoat® IR) as
a film-forming agent, and further to evaluate the dissolution rate, mechanical and physicochemical
properties of films.

Methods:

ETV-ODFs were prepared by a solvent casting method. The amount of film-forming agent,
plasticizer, and disintegrating agent was optimized in terms of the appearance, thickness, disintegration
time and mechanical properties of ODFs. The compatibility between the drug and each excipient
was conducted under high temperature (60 °C), high humidity (RH 92.5%), and strong light (4500
Lx) for 10 days. The dissolution study of optimal ODFs compared with the original commercial tablet
(Baraclude®) was performed using a paddle method in pH 1.0, pH 4.5, pH 6.8, and pH 7.4 media at
37 °C. The morphology of ODFs was observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical
properties such as tensile strength (TS), elastic modulus (EM), and percentage elongation
(E%) of ODFs were evaluated using the universal testing machine. The physicochemical properties of
ODFs were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).

Results:

The related substances were less than 0.5% under high temperature, high humidity, and
strong light for 10 days when ETV was mixed with excipients. The optimal formulation of ODFs was
set as the quality ratio of Kollicoat® IR, glycerol, sodium alginate (ALG-Na): TiO2: MCC+CMC-Na:
ETV was 60:9:12:1:1:1. The drug-loaded ODFs were white and translucent with excellent stripping
property. The thickness, disintegration time, EM, TS, and E% were 103.33±7.02 μm, 25.31±1.95 s,
25.34±8.69 Mpa, 2.14±0.26 Mpa, and 65.45±19.41 %, respectively. The cumulative drug release
from ODFs was more than 90% in four different media at 10 min. The SEM showed that the drug
was highly dispersible in ODFs, and the XRD, DSC, and FT-IR results showed that there occurred
some interactions between the drug and excipients.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the developed ETV-loaded ODFs showed relatively short disintegration
time, rapid drug dissolution, and excellent mechanical properties. This might be an alternative to
conventional ETV Tablets for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
Protein Dynamics Mediated by Cardiolipin in Bacteria
Authors: Wang Yanyang , Chen Jiawen , Hang Liyang , Zhu Jichao , Qiang Xinhua , Yang Mingjian , Sun Xiangliang , Wang Sha , Zhou Hongchang , Lin Yibin , Shao Shengwen
Published: November 2023

Bacterial proteins targeting the appropriate subcellular sites are the base for their proper
function. Several studies have shown that the anionic phospholipid cardiolipin (CL), a conical
lipid preferring negative membrane curvature, modulates the lipid bilayers’ structure, which impacts
the activity of their resident proteins. Due to the favor of negative membrane curvature, CL
is not randomly distributed in the bacterial plasma membrane. In contrast, it gathers in particular
parts of the cell membrane to form microdomains, in which many functional membrane proteins
are accumulated and carry out diverse physiological processes of bacteria, such as cell division,
metabolism, infection, and antibiotic residence. In addition, CL has a unique structure that carries
two negative charges, which makes it play a pivotal role in protein assembly, interaction, and location.
These characteristics of CL make it closely related to many crucial physiological functions of
bacteria. Here, we have reviewed the mechanism of protein dynamics mediated by CL initiated on
the bacterial membrane. Furthermore, we studied the effect of CL on bacterial infection and antibiotic
residence. Finally, the CL-targeting therapeutic agents for antibacterial therapy are also examined.
A Concise Review of Synthetic Strategy, Mechanism of Action, and SAR Studies of Phthalazine Derivatives as Anticancer Agent
Authors: Arya Girish Chandra , Sharma Rajiv , Mehla Shefali
Published: November 2023

Background:

Colorectal cancer is the third foremost cause of death in women and men.
Globally, about 1.94 million colon cancer cases were diagnosed and around 0.93 million patients
died in the previous year.

Introduction:

Several drugs have been permitted by the Food And Drug Administration (FDA) for
the treatment of colorectal cancer. The main difficulties of current drugs are the expansion of resistance
issues, target selectivity issues and toxicity issues. The existing therapies, such as surgery
and hormonal therapy, are in use but exhibit numerous adverse effects, such as pharmacokinetic
issues and pharmacodynamic issues. Hence, hereby is a crucial requirement of novel moieties that
are peaceable and efficient in the handling of colorectal cancer.

Methods:

Phthalazine derivatives have expanded admiration over a few years due to their efficient
anticancer significance. These Phthalazine derivatives exhibit anticancer activity by targeting various
mechanisms such as apoptosis induction, tubulin polymerization inhibition, EGFR inhibition, and
aurora kinase inhibition.

Results:

In this study, we have focused on the Structural Activity relationship, numerous synthetic
strategies and mechanism of action of phthalazine derivatives for potential treatment of cancer.

Conclusion:

Among some of phthalazine derivative compounds not only induced antiproliferative
activity even also improved bioavailability and reduced side effects, like 4-(phthalazine-1-yl) aniline
with (IC50 = 0.22 ± 0.11 μM), and 4-phthalazin-1-yl-amino) benzonitrile (IC50 = 1.20 μM), 4-((5-
methyl-pyrazole-3-yl) amino)-2-phenylphthalazin-1-one (IC50 = 0.031 μM) and 4-((5-methylpyrazole-
3-yl) amino)-2-(p-tolyl)phthalazin-1-one (IC50 = 0.065 μM). Therefore, this study would be
the inspiration for the betterment of human health.
Multi-level Analysis of HbA1c in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Diabetic
Patients
Authors: Mukherjee Sukhes , Ray Suman  Kumar , Jadhav Ashish A. , Wakode Santosh L.
Published: November 2023

Background::

Type 2 diabetes (T2D), a multifaceted metabolic disorder, may cause
health tribulations and changes in biochemical blood markers. Other research has examined the
relationships between several biomarkers and the risk of T2D. Few studies have examined the
relationships between these biomarkers and potential changes to the network of biomarkers associated
with diabetes.

Method::

Glycated hemoglobin, or HbA1C, is used to evaluate and track the blood glucose history
throughout the previous two to three months of testing. The ability to reflect the cumulative
glycemic history of the previous two to three months makes HbA1c an essential biomarker of
long-term glycemic control. HbA1c offers a trustworthy indicator of chronic hyperglycemia and
strongly correlates with the likelihood of long-term consequences from diabetes.

Result::

Additionally, elevated HbA1c has been recognized as a stand-alone risk factor for patients
with and without diabetes developing coronary heart disease and stroke. One HbA1c test
offers a wealth of information that makes it a reliable biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis
of diabetes. A clinical examination may be required to establish the connection between diabetes,
prediabetes, biochemical blood indicators, age, and body mass index (BMI).

Conclusion::

We observed that diabetes, BMI, age, HbA1c, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL,
VLDL, and HDL were all linked using multivariate analysis.

other:

Multi-level analysis of hba1c in diagnosis and prognosis of diabetic patients
Rational Design of Dual Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease: Insights from
Computational Screening of BACE1 and GSK-3β
Authors: Sai Varshini Magham , Aishwarya Reddy Ramakkamma , Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy Praveen , Selvaraj Divakar
Published: November 2023

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most concerned neurodegenerative
disorders across the world characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary
tangles (NFTs), leading to cognitive decline and memory loss. Targeting key pathways involved
in AD like Aβ and NFT pathways, are crucial for the development of effective therapeutic strategies.
In this study, we aimed to identify and establish promising dual inhibitors targeting
BACE1 and GSK-3β, two proteins implicated in Aβ and NFT formation respectively.

Methods:

We have used molecular docking, ADME property analysis, and MMGBSA calculations
for the identification of hit molecules and further evaluation of binding affinity, drug-like
properties, and stability against BACE1 and GSK-3β.

Results:

Our results demonstrated strong binding affinities of ZINC000034853956 towards the
active sites of both proteins, with favorable interactions involving key residues crucial for inhibitory
activity. Additionally, ZINC000034853956 exhibited favorable drug-like properties. MD
simulations revealed the stable binding of ZINC000034853956 to both BACE1 and GSK-3β
over a 50 ns period, with consistent ligand-protein interactions, such as hydrogen bonding and
hydrophobic contacts. These findings highlight the potential of ZINC000034853956 as a promising
candidate for AD treatment, acting as a dual inhibitor targeting both BACE1 and GSK-3β.
Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the potential of ZINC000034853956 as a dual
inhibitor for AD. The strong binding affinity, favorable drug-like properties, and stability observed
in MD simulations support its suitability for further optimization and preclinical studies.

Conclusion:

Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the precise molecular mechanisms
and therapeutic benefits of ZINC000034853956. Our findings offer hope for the development of
novel therapeutic interventions targeting crucial pathways involved in AD neurodegeneration.
Innovative Video Classification Method based on Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Hemamalini V. , Jayasutha D. , Vinothini V. R. , Devi R. Manjula , Kumar A. , Anitha E.
Published: November 2023

Background:

The method includes: receiving a set of video data and labeling it into categories, segmenting the received videos into N segments, randomly selecting M frames for each video segment in the training phase, concatenating the video images into multi-channel images, and rolling.

Methods:

This work was developed in the Python programming language using the Keras library
with Tensorflow as the back-end. The objective is to develop a network that presents performance
compatible with the state of the art in terms of classifying videos according to the actions taken.

Results:

Given the hardware limitations, there is considerable distance between the implementation
possibilities in this work and what is known as the state-of-the-art.

Conclusion:

Throughout the work, some aspects in which this limitation influenced the development
are presented, but it is shown that this realization is feasible and that obtaining expressive
results is possible. 98.6% accuracy is obtained in the UCF101 data set, compared to the 98 percentage
points of the best result ever reported, using, however, considerably fewer resources. In
addition, the importance of transfer learning in achieving expressive results as well as the different
performances of each architecture are reviewed. Thus, this work may open doors to carry patent-
based outcomes.
Bi-directional Projection Framework for Fast Single Image Super
Resolution
Authors: Zhou Ying , Zheng Zhichao , Sun Quansen
Published: November 2023

Background::

Collaborative Representation (CR) has been widely used in Single Image
Super Resolution (SISR) with the assumption that Low-resolution (LR) and high-resolution (HR)
features can be linearly represented by neighborhoods and share consistent CR coefficients. Numerous
patents and journal papers have been published. However, this CR consistency does not
hold in the reconstruction phase, which leads to degraded performance.

Methods::

To fulfill this gap, we propose a novel bi-directional projection model (BDPM) to establish
a bi-directional mapping between LR and HR features without any consistency constraint.
The multiple projection matrices are offline computed to reduce reconstruction time greatly. We
further develop several strategies to extract features and group neighborhoods such that local
structures can be preserved better.

Results::

Compared to the learning-based methods, BDPM is about 2 to 10 times faster and compared
to the reconstruction-based methods, it is about 500 to 2,000 times faster.

Conclusion::

The empirical studies verify the effectiveness of BDPM and extensive experimental results
demonstrate that BDPM achieves better SISR performance than many state-of-the-arts.
Development and Perspectives of Bearing Life Testers
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Wang Xiao-Long , Qu Yuan-Xin
Published: November 2023

Background:

Bearings are a kind of precision mechanical basic parts that are widely used
in aerospace, automobile, home appliances and industrial fields. At the same time, bearings are also
one of the most important wear parts in mechanical equipment. The research and analysis of bearing
life are of great significance as they directly affect the efficiency and safety of the equipment.

Objective:

By analyzing and discussing the patents on bearing life testing devices, some valuable
conclusions have been drawn, and the development direction of bearing life research and bearing
testing devices is speculated.

Methods:

Various bearing life testing devices, such as life testing machines, performance testing
machines and simulation testing machines, are observed, and the influence of bearing life testing
devices on bearing quality assessment and product development is analyzed. The patents about the
bearing life testing device are investigated in conjunction with the bearing life data signal acquisition
method.

Results:

The analysis of bearing life detection devices in bearing fatigue life and performance
failure in the bearing failure detection collection method primarily uses vibration detection method,
while bearing life detection devices primarily focus on structural innovation and detection
method innovation to improve the accuracy of bearing detection.

Conclusion:

The development of the bearing detection device and the advancement of test software,
multi-species, small batch, high precision, multiple control, group control, simulation of
working conditions, and special development work in tandem to address technical issues and improve
bearing detection device functionality.
Tyrosol-loaded Nano-niosomes Attenuate Diabetic Injury by Targeting
Glucose Metabolism, Inflammation, and Glucose Transfer
Authors: Jafari-Rastegar Nima , Hosseininia Haniyeh Sadat , Mousavi-Niri Neda , Khakpai Fatemeh , Naseroleslami Maryam
Published: November 2023

Introduction:

The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, has become a global concern,
making it imperative to control. Chemical drugs commonly recommended for diabetes treatment
cause many complications and drug resistance over time.

Methods:

The polyphenol tyrosol has many health benefits, including anti-diabetes properties. Tyrosol's
efficacy can be significantly increased when it is used as a niosome in the treatment of diabetes. In this
study, Tyrosol and nano-Tyrosol are examined for their effects on genes implicated in type 2 diabetes in
streptozotocin-treated rats. Niosome nanoparticles containing 300 mg surfactant (span60: tween60) and
10 mg cholesterol were hydrated in thin films with equal molar ratios. After 72 hours, nano-niosomal
formulas were assessed for their physicochemical properties. MTT assays were conducted on HFF
cells to assess the cellular toxicity of the nano niosome contacting optimal Tyrosol. Finally, the expression
of PEPCK, GCK, TNF-ɑ, IL6, GLUT2 and GLUT9 was measured by real-time PCR. Physiochemical
properties of the SEM images of niosomes loaded with Tyrosol revealed the nanoparticles
had a vehicular structure.

Results:

In this study, there were two stages of release: initial release (8 hours) and sustainable release
(72 hours). Meanwhile, free-form drugs were considerably more toxic than niosomal drugs in terms of
their cellular toxicity. An in vivo comparison of oral Tyrosol gavage with nano-Tyrosol showed a significant
increase in GCK (P < 0.001), GLUT2 (P < 0.001), and GLUT9 (P < 0.001). Furthermore,
nano-Tyrosol decreased the expression of TNF-ɑ (P < 0.05), PEPCK (P < 0.001), and IL-6 (P < 0.05)
which had been increased by diabetes mellitus. The results confirmed nano-Tyrosol's anti-diabetes and
anti-inflammatory effects.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that nano-Tyrosol has potential applications in diabetes treatment
and associated inflammation. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanism of action.