bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Método de búsqueda activa comunitaria para la captación de gestantes y puérperas en Ecuador
Authors: Calle Roldán Jakeline , Acuña Cecilia , Ríos Paulina
Published: July 2019

Objetivo.Documentar y analizar la experiencia ecuatoriana en la aplicación del método de Búsqueda Activa Comunitaria (BAC) en la captación de mujeres gestantes y puérperas en Ecuador.

Métodos.Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal de la información obtenida de la aplicación de la BAC de mujeres gestantes y puérperas en las áreas de influencia geográfica de 200 establecimientos de atención primaria del Ministerio de Salud Pública de Ecuador.

ResultadosSe visitaron 460.451 casas en 20 provincias. Se identificaron 15.622 embarazadas y 4.014 puérperas. El 89% (13.875) de las embarazadas identificadas se había sometido al menos a un control prenatal y 70% (4 014) de las puérperas identificadas, al menos a un control posterior a su parto o cesárea. El 29% de las embarazadas (4 601) identificadas tenían riesgo potencial. Orellana y Sucumbíos fueron las provincias con menor porcentaje de embarazadas con al menos un control prenatal y con el menor porcentaje de puérperas con al menos un control postparto. Para esta actividad se conformó un total de 3 951 brigadas a nivel nacional.

Conclusiones.El método de BAC fue valioso para identificar embarazadas y puérperas que no habían sido captadas por el sistema de salud, y especialmente detectar su situación de riesgo, además de las ventajas del trabajo participativo en el proceso de captación, sobre todo con el apoyo de universidades con carreras vinculadas con la salud. Las bajas coberturas de control de puérperas señalan la importancia de conocer las causas de la falta de adherencia a estos controles. Se requiere sistematizar experiencias similares para introducir mejoras en el procedimiento.
Caracterización clínica y epidemiológica de fiebre chikungunya en México
Authors: Díaz-Quiñonez José Alberto , Garay-Morán Carolina , Román-Pedroza Juan Francisco , López-Martínez Irma , Rodríguez-Martínez José Cruz , Ruiz-Matus Cuitláhuac , Kuri-Morales Pablo
Published: July 2019

El 6 de diciembre de 2013, la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) notificaron la confirmación de los dos primeros casos de transmisión autóctona en la Región de las Américas de fiebre chikungunya (CHIK) en la isla de Saint Martin (Antillas Neerlandesas). Para el período 2013-2014, el total de casos confirmados fue de 25 627 distribuidos en 43 países, donde México reportó 155 casos en cinco estados. La información de los casos de CHIK en México se obtuvo de la base de datos de la Dirección General de Epidemiología, dependiente de la Secretaría de Salud de México. La distribución por sexo de los casos autóctonos confirmados de CHIK para el año 2015 indica 64% para el sexo femenino (5 583) y 36% para el sexo masculino (3 085). Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron: fiebre en 98% de los casos (8 564), seguido por cefalea con 91,6% (7 941), mialgias en 89,9% (7 792), artralgias leves en 73,5% (6 367), poliartralgias graves en 72,6% (6 295) y exantema en 58% (5 032). La presentación clínica de los casos autóctonos de CHIK en México ha mostrado algunas características clínicas diferentes de las que se han observado en los brotes de los países africanos, asiáticos y otras regiones de América, como por ejemplo un mayor porcentaje de casos con cefalea y mialgias y un menor porcentaje de casos con artralgias.
Chikungunya: important lessons from the Jamaican experience
Authors: Duncan Jacqueline , Gordon-Johnson Kelly Ann , Tulloch-Reid Marshall K , Cunningham-Myrie Colette , Ernst Kacey , McMorris Nathlee , Grant Andriene , Graham Marcia , Chin Daisylyn , Webster-Kerr Karen
Published: July 2019

Objectives. To describe the clinical presentation of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) illness in adults during the 2014 outbreak in Jamaica and to determine the predictive value of the case definition.

Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using clinical data from suspected cases of CHIKV that were reported to the Ministry of Health in April – December 2014. In addition, charts were reviewed of all individuals over 15 years of age with suspected CHIKV based on a diagnosis of CHIKV or “acute viral illness” that presented to four major health centers in Jamaica during the week prior to and the peak week of the epidemic. Data abstracted from these charts using a modified CHIKV Case Investigation Form included demographics, clinical findings, and laboratory tests.

Results. In 2014, the Ministry of Health of Jamaica received 4 447 notifications of CHIKV infection. PCR testing was conducted on 137 suspected CHIKV cases (56 men and 81 women; median age 28 years) and was positive for 89 (65%) persons. In all, 205 health charts were identified that met the selection criteria (51 men and 154 women, median age 43 years). The most commonly reported symptoms were arthralgia (86%) and fever (76%). Of those who met the epidemiologic case definition for CHIKV as defined by the Pan American Health Organization, only 34% had this diagnosis recorded. Acute viral illness was the most frequently recorded diagnosis (n = 79; 58%).

Conclusions. Broader case definitions for acute CHIKV illness may be needed to identify suspected cases during an outbreak. Standardized data collection forms and validation of case definitions may be useful for future outbreaks.
Balanço de Energia à Superfície para a Cidade de Patos - PB Usando Técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto (Surface Energy Balance for the Patos City-PB Using Remote Sensing Techniques)
Authors: Gomes Lidiane Cristina Félix , Santos Carlos Antonio Costa dos , Almeida Hermes Alves de
Published: July 2019

O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar os principais componentes do balanço de energia à superfície da cidade de Patos- PB utilizando-se técnicas de sensoriamento remoto a partir de imagens do TM Landsat-5 e aplicação do algoritmo SEBAL para determinar os componentes do balanço de energia à superfície. Os resultados mostraram que o saldo de radiação (Rn) variou de modo similar ao determinado na literatura; os valores do fluxo de calor sensível (H) apresentaram alta variabilidade espacial, coerentes com a distribuição espacial de H sobre a área estudada. O fluxo de calor latente (LE) apresentou os maiores valores para os corpos d’água e área vegetadas e menores valores para a zona urbana e solo exposto, devido à sua baixa disponibilidade de umidade, resultando em valores de evapotranspiração diária variando entre 0,1 e 12 mm dia-1. A imagem de satélite mostrou que a modificação do uso e da cobertura do solo contribui para o balanço de energia à superfície de uma área urbana. AbstractThe main objective of this study was to quantify the major components of the energy balance at the surface of the city of Patos-PB using remote sensing images from Landsat-5 TM and application of SEBAL algorithm to determine the components of the surface energy balance. The findings showed that the net radiation (Rn) ranged similarly to those presented in the literature; the values of the sensible heat flux (H) showed high spatial variability, consistent in the spatial distribution of H in the area studied. The latent heat flux (LE) showed the highest values for the water bodies and vegetated area, and lowest values for urban areas and bare soil, due to its low availability of moisture, resulting in daily evaporation values from 0.1 to 12 mm day-1. The satellite image showed that the change of use and land cover contributes to the surface energy balance of an urban area.
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE HEPATOTOXICITY: THE ROLE OF 4-HYDROXYNONENAL AND CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE AND THE POSSIBLE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF GANODERMA LUCIDUM EXTRACT
Authors: Gad El-Karim Dina R , El-Amrawi Gamal
Published: July 2019

Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is a widely used anti-neoplastic drug, but its usage is associated with several side effects including hepatotoxicity. This study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of Ganoderma lucidium (GL) extract as a natural antioxidant against CPA hepatotoxicity in male Wistar albino rats. Four groups of rats (n = 7) were used in this study, Group I: served as a control group, group II: was administrated CPA (5 mg/kg), group III: received GL extract (50 mg/kg), and group IV: received CPA and GL extract at the same doses of groups II and III. All the treatments were orally administrated via gastric intubation for 21 consecutive days. Serum activities of the hepatic enzymes (AST, ALT and GGT) in addition to serum proteinogram were evaluated. Moreover, hepatic oxidant-antioxidant markers (4- hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), GSH, CAT and SOD) besides activity of cytochrome C oxidase enzyme were detected. Also, histopathological examination of the hepatic sections (H&E stained) was performed. Serum activity of liver enzymes was elevated, proteinogram was disturbed in CPA-treated animals which accompanied by an increase in hepatic content of 4-HNE, depletion of hepatic antioxidant (GSH, CAT, SOD) and inhibition of hepatic cytochrome C oxidase activity, also hepatic histopathological disruptions were noticed in this group. All these hepatic disturbances were partially ameliorated upon co-administration of GL extract with CPA. In conclusion, production of 4- HNE and inhibition of cytochrome C oxidase enzyme may play a role in occurrence of CPA hepatotoxicity and GL extract may have an ameliorative role against this toxicity.Key words: cyclophosphamide; hepatotoxicity; Ganoderma lucidium; 4-hydroxynonenalon; cytochrome C oxidase
GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF JAPANESE QUAILS (Coturnix coturnix japonica) UNDER VARIOUS ENVIRON-MENTS OF LIGHT COLORS
Authors: Elkomy, Hassan E , Taha Ayman E , Basha Heba A , Abo-Samaha Magda I , Sharaf Mohamed M
Published: July 2019

Light colors are important environmental factors affecting growth and reproductive performance of Japanese Quails. In the current study, a total number of 1060 of Japanese quail chicks were used to assess the effect of white, red, and green light color on body weight, age of sexual maturity, laying parameters as well as responses of reproductive organs. Results revealed that Japanese quails reared under red color light had higher (P<0.05) body weight at five weeks of age, relative growth rate (RGR), the first 42 days of egg production, relative ovaries and testicle weights, sperm motility and fertility and hatchability percentages (243.28 g, 184.50 %, 79.76 %, 4.33 %, 4.05 %, 90.50 %, 83.47 % and 83.47 %; respectively) than those raised under green and white light colors. Also, quails subjected to red color light during growth reached sexual maturity earlier (39.34 d) than birds subjected to white and green light colors (44.87 and 48.45 d). We conclude that using red light color during the period of growth and laying in Japanese quails improves growth and reproduction performances.Key words: Japanese quails; light colors; growth; reproduction performances
EFFECTS OF FEEDER SHAPE ON BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS, PERFORMANCE AND EGG QUALITY TRAITS OF JAPANESE QUAIL
Authors: Mohammed Hesham H , Rehan Ibrahim F , Abou-Elnaga Ahmed F , Mohamed Radi A
Published: July 2019

Offering the food to Japanese quails may help to reorganize their behavioral needs. However, limited data was reported on the effect of feeder shape on birds’ behaviors, welfare, and productivity. Herein, the main objective was to assess the effects of the most available feeder shapes in the Egyptian market on the birds’ behaviors. The shape of feeders were longitudinal, vertical-narrow, vertical-wide and round. All the used feeders were made from plastic, marked with a grey color and enriched with a net. A total of 180 one-day old Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) were divided into four experimental groups (three replicates of each). Behavioral patterns of birds were investigated by direct observation and video recording for four days per week using scan sampling technique. The results indicated that there were feeder shape-dependent-differences in quail behaviors demonstrating the highest significant (P<0.001) levels of activity behaviors in a round feeder compared to other groups. Moreover, the highest significant (P<0.001) levels of resting behaviors within a vertical-wide feeder group. Likewise, flying behavior was recorded in the above mentioned group. However, the fear associated responses and alertness were the highest significant level (P<0.001 each) in longitudinal and vertical-wide feeders. Noticeably, the aggressive pecking was the highest significant (P<0.001) levels in birds dealt with a longitudinal feeder. Meanwhile, almost of a quail’s egg quality traits demonstrated the highest significant values (P<0.001) during offering round containers for the birds. The results therefore suggested that quails might have a preference to deal more with a round feeder shape than other shapes. These findings may also have great implications to researchers, veterinarians and stakeholders to decide the most economic feeder shape of quails for greater performance and productivity.Key words: feeder shape; welfare; egg quality; quail
EFFECTS OF DIET’S ACIDIFYING ADDITIVES ON THE INTESTINAL HISTOMORPHOLOGY IN DUCKS
Authors: Abdelfattah-Hassan Ahmed , El-Ghazali Hanaa
Published: July 2019

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of acidifying additives as formic and propionic acids on weight gain and on small intestinal macroscopic, microscopic and SEM morphology in ducks. A total of 30 Mulard ducklings were used in this study and they were randomly assigned to control (given standard commercial duck diets with no acidifiers added), 1% acidifiers added to the standard diet or 2% acidifiers added to the standard diet. After rearing the ducks for 52 days, their weight was recorded and then the length of the different parts of the small intestine was measured. Then, samples were taken for histological and scanning electron microscopical (SEM) examination of the small intestine. The present results found that addition of acidifying mixture to the diet significantly improved duck’s weight (P<0.05), also there were significant changes in length, histology and SEM characteristics of the small intestine between different duck groups. The observed effects were dose dependent, i.e. with more organic acids in the diet, the more the changes were noticeable. Our results indicate that, the addition of organic acids to duck’s diet increased small intestine’s length and increased the length of intestinal villi, possibly resulting in more surface area for digestion and absorption of the diet, and, therefore, greatly improved the final body weight of the study ducks.Key words: acidified diets; organic acids; histology; intestinal villi; SEM
METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) IN CAMEL MEAT: PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY
Authors: El-Ghareeb Waleed , Almathen Faisal , Fayez Mahmoud , Alsultan Raed
Published: July 2019

This study is an initiative study intended to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA obtained from fresh camel meat retailed in Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia. The survey has been conducted for five months where fresh camel meat were microbiologically analyzed to isolate S. aureus using culture media and VITEK2 technique. The Identification of S. aureus was done by DNA expression of gene specific 16S rRNA, while mecA gene expression was recognized in the identified MRSA isolates using PCR. The recorded prevalence of S. aureus was 10.7 % (20/187) from raw camel meat. Three isolates out of twenty S. aureus isolates were confirmed to be MRSA. Susceptibility to 10 antimicrobials was estimated using the disc diffusion method. These results suggested that MRSA is found in camel meat retailed at Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia. We recommend that, surveillance protocol should be embraced in meat safety and public health programs.Key words: camel meat, S. aureus, MRSA, antimicrobial resistance
MYCOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF FISH FEED STUFF WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MYCOTOXIN PRODUCTION
Authors: Kholife Maha , Moawad Amgad , Diab Amany , El-keredy Abeer
Published: July 2019

Mycotoxin contamination is considered as one of the most economic problems for livestock and feed industries. A total of thirty fish feedstuffs were collected for isolation and identification of fungi from fish farms in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. Five fungal genera were isolated from all examined feedstuffs. The most frequent isolated fungi was Aspergillus spp. (86.66%) followed by Penicillium spp. (23.33%), and Fusariam spp. (10%), Mucor spp. (6.66%) then Rhizopus spp. (3.33%). Aspergillus niger was the most prevailing genus (43.33%) followed by Aspergillus flavus ((30%), and Aspergillus fumigatus (6.66%), Aspergillus versicolor (3.33%) then Aspergillus terrus (3.33%). Aspergillus ochraceus was not found despite the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in low concentrations. Some mycotoxins were produced by more than one fungal species. Mycotoxins determination using HPLC revealed that 23.33% (7/30) of examined fish feed samples were positive, while 23 samples (76.66%) were mycotoxins free. In positive samples of mycotoxins, aflatoxins (AF) and OTA represented 23.33%, 10%, respectively. The estimated carcinogenic aflatoxins were AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 with a percentage of 23.33%, 13.34%, 6.67%, respectively, but AFG2 was not found. About 42.86% of the AFs producing fish feeds was higher than the permissible limit of aflatoxins (permissible limit is 20 ppb). The aflatoxigenic ability of the recovered nine A. flavus referred to 6 out of 9 (66.67%) were aflatoxin producers. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out using the norsolonic acid reductase (nor), versicolorin A (ver-1) and O-methylsterigmatocystin (omtA) as aflatoxin producing genes of the isolated A. flavus strains. From the AF producing A. flavus, 50% was above the permissible limit. Therefore, the high contamination of fish feedstuffs with fungi, AFB1 andlow OTA in fish farms indicated potential risks to fish liveliness, derived products and the health of fish consumers. Key words: fish feedstuff; fungi; aflatoxins; ochratoxin A
LAYING PERFORMANCE, FAT DIGESTIBILITY AND LIVER CONDITION OF LAYING HENS SUPPLEMENTED WITH VITAMIN B12 OR BIOTIN AND/ OR BILE ACIDS IN DIET
Authors: El-Katcha Mohamed , Soltan Mosaad , El-Naggar Karima , El-Shobokshy Set , El-Erian Mohamed
Published: July 2019

For 8 weeks feeding trial, two hundred and seventy, 53 weeks old laying hens were used to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of vitamin B12 or biotin and/or bile acids on performance, egg quality, fat digestibility and liver composition and histopathology. Birds were randomly divided into 6 groups (three replicates) and fed the experimental diets; group1 (G1) fed on the basal diet without additives as control while G2 and G3 supplemented with 0.02 ppm vitamin B12 and 0.3 mg biotin/kg diet respectively, groups 4-6 fed as the previous detailed design of G1- G3 with the addition of 400 g of dried bile acid (DBA) /tone feed. Biotin supplementation significantly (P˂0.05) increased body weight losses of laying hens, both vitamins significantly (P˂0.05) decreased daily feed intake (FI) and improved FCR. DBA addition alone or with biotin reduced these weight losses along with significant (P˂0.05) increase in daily FI. Vitamin B12 supplementation alone or with DBA increased average egg production (P˂0.05) while was reduced with biotin supplementation. Fat digestibility was non-significantly improved (P≥0.05) with both vitamins supplementation without or with DBA. Biotin significantly (P˂0.05) reduced the average yolk relative weight, which was increased when mixed with DBA, while significantly increased average egg albumin relative weight. Vitamin B12 or biotin addition without or with DBA non-significantly increased blood serum GOT and GPT activities, non-significantly reduced (P≥0.05) fat content of liver tissue (on dry matter or fresh basis) and serum lipid profile parameters except serum HDL concentration, was increased, with no histopathological changes in hepatic tissue. It could be summarized that vitamin B12 supplementation without or with DBA is recommended in layer diet as it gave the best performance, reduced serum lipid profile and improved fat digestibility and the hepatic health.Key words: layers; egg quality; liver; vitamin B12; biotin; bile acids
INFLUENCE OF VITAMIN E AND SELENIUM SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE PERFORMANCE, REPRODUCTIVE INDICES AND METABOLIC STATUS OF OSSIMI EWES
Authors: Abdel-Raheem Sherief , Mahmoud G , Senosy Waleed , El-Sherry Taymour
Published: July 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of pre and post-lambing intramuscular (i.m.) injections of vitamin E (VE) and selenium (Se) on the performance, reproductive indices and metabolic status of Ossimi ewes. A total of 20 pregnant ewes were divided randomly into two equal groups of ten animals. The control group (CG) was administered 3 ml of normal saline. The treated group (TG) was administered a combination of 5 mg of sodium selenite and 450 mg of VE twice weekly for 2 weeks pre and post lambing. The performance, reproductive indices, colostrum and milk mineral profiles, blood metabolites and antioxidant enzyme biomarkers were investigated in this experiment. VE and Se supplementation had a significant effect on ewe, lamb performance, colostrum and milk mineral profiles. The treated ewes lost less weight (0.7 kg) compared with the ewes in the control group (3.68 kg) on 30th day postpartum (P<0.001). Lambs born to treated ewes were heavier than those born to control ewes (4.47 kg vs 3.99 kg, respectively), gained more daily weight quickly (268.66 vs. 226.00 g, respectively, P<0.001) and weighed more on 30th day  post-lambing (12.53 vs. 10.77 kg, respectively, P<0.001). Treated ewes had higher concentrations of blood glucose, total protein, total cholesterol, antioxidant enzyme biomarkers, and lower concentrations of serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). VE and Se supplementation had a significant effect (P<0.05) on postpartum reproductive performance of ewes in terms of fast uterine involution, earlier resumption of ovarian function and ovulation with large size ovulatory follicles, and greater numbers of small, medium, and large-sized follicles. In conclusion, VE and Se supplementation during late gestation and early lactation could be considered an effective strategy for minimizing the weight loss of ewes, enhancing lamb performance, the antioxidant and metabolic status, which improves the reproductive performance of Ossimi ewes.Key words: vitamin E; selenium; lamb performance; reproductive performance; antioxidant status; Ossimi ewes
IMPACT OF ALTERING DIETARY OMEG 6 TO OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDS RATIO ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS COMPOSITION, HEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY OF THE INTESTINE OF NILE TILAPIA
Authors: Nassef Eldsokey , Hegazi Elsayed , Sherif Ahmed , Elshamy Mohamed , Bakr Abdelnasser , Abouzed Tarek
Published: July 2019

The present study investigated the influence of altering omega 6 to omega 3 fatty acids (FA) ratio on growth, hemato- biochemical parameters and absorptive capacity of Nile tilapia. One hundred and fifty fingerlings (25.1±0.3 g), were assigned into 3 groups (5 replicates each) and fed on iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets. Diets were supplemented with fish and soy oil to create 3 different ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 FA, namely, 0.91, 2.85 and 9.3 parts of omega 6 to 1 part of omega 3 (R1, R3 and R9, respectively). Increasing the ratio from R1 to R9 significantly decreased average daily gain and increased feed conversion ratio. Also this alteration decreased ash content in the carcass on the expense of ether extract. Number of erythrocytes, packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration were significantly increased in fish fed R1. Feeding R9 increased heterophils and decreased lymphocytes as compared with R1 and R3. Fish fed R1 significantly had high serum protein and serum antibacterial activity (47.6%) than R9 (43.5%) and R3 (44.9%). Feeding R1 significantly decreased serum triglycerides, cholesterol and creatinine. Feeding R3 and R1 enhanced absorptive capacity of jejunum villi more than the group fed R9. Increasing the ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 FA from R1 to R9 decreased growth performance through decreasing absorptive capacity of jejunum villi. However, Feeding R3 had a positive effect on growth performance and absorptive capacity of the intestine of Nile tilapia.Key words: fish oil; growth performance; intestinal villi; Nile tilapia; soybean oil
MONITORING OF PATHOLOGICAL LESIONS IN NON-GRAVID OVINE UTERUS
Authors: Al-Mallah Karam , Hussien Mariem
Published: July 2019

A total of 108 non-gravid ovine uteri were collected from slaughtered ewes at Mosul slaughter house and private butcheries to monitor and identify the uterine pathological lesions. The uteri were grossly examined for observation of gross pathological lesions. Tissues samples were collected for histopathological studies. The incidence of different pathological lesions was calculated. Diffuse or nodular endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial degeneration and desquamation and endometrial coagulative necrosis at ratios 36.11%, 20.37% and 16.66% respectively. Endometritis and subendometrial fibrosis were noticed in 7.40% and 3.70% of the examined samples. Also vascular hyperemia and vascular wall thickening were observed in 12.96% and 5.55% of total examined samples. It is concluded that most of the detected lesions in nongravid uteri appears to be related with previous infections or pregnancies.Key words: Nongraviduteri; lesions; ewes
DIAGNOSIS AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE CIRCULATING PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS VIRUS IN Al-SHARQIA GOVERNATE
Authors: Elsheikh Hend , El-Mekkawi Mamdouh , Abou-zaid Abd Allah , Abd El Raof Amal
Published: July 2019

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a Morbillivirus within the Paramyxoviridae family which characterized by highly contagious nature with high morbidity and mortality rates in domestic small ruminants. The aim of this study was to investigate an outbreak of PPRV in a flock of sheep and goats in Belbes city, AL-Sharkia governorate in 2018 by virus isolation and conventional RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of N gene sequence of PPRV isolate. Also, compare it with other isolate from previous outbreak in Zagazig city, Al-Sharkia governorate in 2017 as a measurement of the infection status in Egypt. The current study applied on a flock of 55 small ruminants (42 goats and 13 sheep) in Belbes city which suspected to be infected by PPRV. All infected animals were not vaccinated against PPRV and randomly move from place to place. The morbidity rate was 100% and mortality rate was (23.8% in goats and 7.69% in sheep). Diseased animals suffered from fever, mucopurulent ocular discharge, nasal discharge, dyspnea, diarrhea, necrotic tissue and diphtheritic membrane in oral cavity. The ten samples (6 tissue scraping from oral lesions and 4 oculo-nasal swabs) were tested by conventional reverse transcription PCR which revealed 100% sensitivity compared to VI (virus isolation) 70%. Comparative of N gene sequence of both PPRV isolates revealed that homogenous population of PPR virus isolates up to 99%. Also, the PPRV isolate of the current study is related to Ethiopian strain and the previous Egyptian strains (Ismailia 3/Egy/2010 isolate, El-Kalubeya isolate and Ismailia 1-2014 isolate). The PPRV isolate of present study and all previous Egyptian isolates belong to lineage IV in phylogenetic analysis. The results emphasize the importance of molecular methods for a broader understanding of the epidemiology and development of the virus in the country.Key words: PPRV; Conventional RT- PCR; phylogenetic analysis; Al-Sharqia
ASSESSMENT THE SYNCHRONY BETWEEN UTERINE STATUS AND HORMONAL PROFILES IN MODIFIED OVSYNC PROTOCOLS IN RELATION TO FERTILITY IN BUFFALOES
Authors: Ramou Adel , EL- Kon Ismail , Almadaly Essam , Aly Aly , Abo EL- Ghate Hasballah
Published: July 2019

A total of 36 pluriparous buffaloes were used to study the uterine morphometry in response to serum estradiol concentrations and associated estrogen receptors (ERs) expression in modified ovsync protocols. The buffaloes were assigned to St-ovsync, CIDR-sync and Insulin- sync (n=12 for each). The St-ovsync consisted of two IM injections of 20µg buserelin on the Day 0 (GnRH1) and on the Day 9 (GnRH2) and an IM injection of 500 µg of cloprostenol sodium (Estrumate) on the Day 7. Buffaloes in CIDR-sync and Insulin-sync protocols were treated as in the St-Ovsync protocol in addition to intravaginal insertion of CIDR from the Day 0 to 7 in case CIDR-sync and SC injection of Insulin at a dose of 0.25 lu/kg on the Days 7, 8 and 9 in Insulin-sync.  Blood samples were collected and the uterine wall thickness (UWT) was simultaneously measured by transrectal ultrasonography on the Days 0, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 9. Endometrial biopsy samples were collected from five buffaloes per group for quantifying the abundance of estrogen receptors. The UWT on the Days 3 and 5 showed a decrease (p<0.05) while the serum p4 concentration on the Day 3 showed an increase (p<0.05) in eventually diagnosed pregnant (EDP) buffaloes in CIDR-sync compared with their counterparts in either St-Ovsync or Insulin-sync. On the Day 9, although there was a decrease in the serum E2 concentration in CIDR-sync compared with either St-Ovsync or Insulin-sync in EDP buffaloes, there was an increase (p<0.05) in the ER mRNA expression in CIDR-sync compared with St-Ovsync. It could be concluded that modifying the St-Ovsync, by p4 supplementation through intravaginal insertion of CIDR from the Day 0 to 7 or by SC injection of insulin on the Days 7, 8 and 9, could modulate uterine morphometry such conductive to proper fertility response.Key words: Erα; uterine wall thickness; Ovsync
IMPACT OF DIETARY EICOSAPENTAENOIC AND DOCOSAHEXAENOIC FATTY ACIDS SUPPLEMENTATION ON INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE OF POST CALVING COWS DURING TRANSITION TO LACTATION
Authors: Elbaz Shaimaa , Nassef Eldsokey , Bakr Abdelnasser , Hegazi Elsayed , EL-keredy Abeer
Published: July 2019

The aim of current study was to determine the effect of dietary omega 3 fatty acids (FA) mainly eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) on inflammatory response of post calving cows during transition to lactation. Twenty Holstein lactating cows were assigned into two groups (10 each). The two groups fed on the basal diet while one of them was supplemented with 70 g of omega-3 FA per cow. The supplement was added to the diet from the 1ST day of calving till the 60th days of lactation. Blood samples were taken 3 times weekly from the 2nd to the 4th week post calving. The blood samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta hydroxyl butyric acid (BHBA), C- reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin, albumin and globulin. Feeding omega-3 FAs significantly increased (P<0.05) blood glucose level by 17.35%, 28.23% and 24.73% than the control at weeks 1, 2, 3 of the experiment, respectively. BHBA was lower in cows fed omega-3 at 1st and 2nd week then became nearly similar to the control at the end of experiment. At 1st and 2nd week, cows fed omega-3 FAs had significantly lower serum CRP than those fed the control diet and became nearly similar to control at the end of the experiment. Serum, globulin was significantly higher in cows fed omega 3 FAs at 2nd and 3rd week by 81.1% and 51.2%, respectively. Omega 3 FA improved energy status of fresh cow by increasing serum insulin and glucose levels while decreasing NEFA and BHBA parameters. Also, feeding omega 3 FA improved humoral immunity through increasing serum globulin and reduced inflammatory response by lowering CRP post calving.Key words: omega 3 fatty acids; lactating cow; inflammation; energy balance; serum protein
HEMOTOXIC AND GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF LEAD ACETATE AND CHLORPYRIFOSE ON FRESHWATER CAT FISH (Calarias gariepinus)
Authors: Abd El-satar Shireen , Nasr Nasr , Khailo Khaled , Sayour Hossam
Published: July 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate hemotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by lead acetate and chlorpyrifos in catfish (Clarias gariepinus) as a model for checking genotoxic pollutants in aquatic surroundings. Lead acetate was added by a dose of 24.4 mg/L (20% of the LC50) daily, chlorpyrifos was added by a dose of 1.65 mg/L (1/10 LC50) daily. Fish were kept in standard condition in which water temperature (25°C± 2); pH (7.6 ± 0.4) and dissolved oxygen (5.4±0.4 mg/L). Blood and liver were sampled after 4 weeks. The result revealed a significant reduction of RBCs count, Hb, hematocrit in fish exposed to lead and chlorpyrifos. Furthermore, MDA level and catalase activity showed significant increase and decrease, respectively in groups exposed to lead acetate and chlorpyrifos in comparison with the control fish. Toxic effect of lead acetate and chlorpyrifos confirmed by histopathological changes in liver sections which showed marked hepatic vacuolation and parenchymal hemorrhage. DNA damage detected by comet assay also revealed a significance increase in tail length, tail DNA% and tail moment at sub-lethal concentration of lead acetate and chlorpyrifos. This study concluded that lead acetate and chlorpyrifos have hemotoxic and genotoxic effect probably through, at least in part, induction of reactive oxygen species and chlorpyrifos has more hemotoxic and genotoxic effect than lead acetate.    Key words: catfish; lead acetate; chlorpyrifos; DNA damage
THE ROLE OF THYMOQUINONE IN AMELIORATING THE HEPATOXIC EFFECT OF DIAZINON IN MALE RATS
Authors: Ghazy Emad , Mokh AbdAllah , Abdelhady Doaa , Goda Wael , Hashem Eman
Published: July 2019

Diazinon (DZN) is one of most dangerous hepatotoxic organophosphorous insecticides used in veterinary practices which induces oxidative stress. The present study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative role of thymoquinone (TQ) in diazinon toxicity. Forty nine male albino rats and were divided into seven groups (n =7 for each). The first group (c-ve group) orally received saline daily all over the experiment (8 weeks). The second group (c+ve1) orally received DZN (15 mg/kg body weight, b-w) for the first four weeks and saline for the next four weeks. The third group (c+ve2) orally received saline for the first four weeks and DZN (15 mg /kg b-w) for the following four weeks. The fourth group (DZN-TQ 10 mg group) received DZN (15 mg/kg b-w) daily for the first four weeks then TQ (10 mg/kg b-w) for the next four weeks. The fifth group (TQ 10 mg-DZN) orally treated with TQ (10 mg/kg b-w) and DZN (15 mg/kg b-w) for the next for weeks. The sixth group (DZN-TQ 5 mg group) received DZN (15 mg/kg b-w) for first four weeks and TQ (5 mg/kg b-w) for the following four weeks 5 mg. The seventh group treated by TQ (5 mg/kg b-w) daily for the first four weeks and DZN (15 mg/kg b-w) for the following four weeks (TQ 5 mg-DZN group). DZN intoxicated groups showed macrocytic hypochromic anemia and serum biochemical alteration related to liver injury, including elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and a significant decrease in total protein and albumin. Furthermore, these groups also exhibited a significant increase in liver tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase (CAT) activities and over-expression of the two apoptotic hepatic genes Bax and caspase 3. Administration of DZN also resulted in hepatic vacuolation, necrosis and congestion of hepatic sinusoids. Thymoquinone ameliorated the most deleterious effect of diazinon on hematological, biochemical, antioxidant, molecular and histopathological parameters in a dose dependent manner and a prophylactic strategy is better than therapeutic one.Key words: diazinon; thymoquinone; oxidative stress; hepatotoxicity
ECOLOGY OF Staphylococcus aureus AND ITS ANTIBIOTIC RE-SISTANCE GENES IN DAIRY FARMS: CONTRIBUTING FACTORS AND PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Elmonir Walid , Essa Hader , El-Tras Wael
Published: July 2019

Dairy farms are major sources for zoonotic Staphylococcus aureus pathogens and their antibiotic resistance genes. This study was conducted to assess critical sources and factors related to dissemination of S. aureus and its resistance genes within dairy farms in Egypt. In addition, workers' knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) was evaluated. A total of 102 pooled samples were collected from 3 medium-scale dairy farms in Egypt. S. aureus was detected in 72.5% of the examined samples: lactating cows (72.9%), workers (81.5%), barns environment (88.9%), milking equipment (40%), and bulk tank milk (100%). Cows (udder milk and nostril), workers (hand skin and nostril), barns, open-sides parlor, and lack of acid rinse were associated with S. aureus contamination of milking equipment (P= 0.004 - 0.04). Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA, mecA+), vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA, vanA+) and methicillin-vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (MVRSA, mecA+-vanA+) represented 27.5%, 5% and 12.5% of S. aureus isolates, respectively. This is the first report of MVRSA in dairy farms in Egypt. For workers KAPs, 48.7% didn't know milk-borne zoonoses, while their high risk practices included consumption of raw milk (52.2%), lack of hand wash (48.7%), and willing to work with sore throat (82.6%). This study highlights the critical sources of S. aureus pathogens and their antibiotic resistance genes in dairy farms. This will help in reforming biosecurity plans in dairy farms; an urgent demand for consumers safety in Egypt.Key words: Staphylococcus aureus ecology; dairy farms; antibiotic resistance genes; public health implications
AMELIORATING THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF CYPERMETHRIN BY SESAME OIL IN MALE RABBITS
Authors: El-Sheshtawy Sahar , El-Gobary Ghada , Omar Nashwa , Shawky Nessrin
Published: July 2019

This study intended to evaluate the beneficial protective effects of sesame oil (SO) on cypermethrin (CYP)-induced sub chronic toxicity in rabbits. Male rabbits were divided into 4 groups: I: control; II: Cypermethrin (CYP, 48 mg/kg body weight, bw); III: CYP (48 mg/kg bw)+SO (1 ml/kg bw); and IV: SO (1 ml/kg bw). All treatments were orally administered three times per week for 9 weeks. CYP induced toxic effects on liver and kidney as revealed by a significant increase in serum liver enzyme activities with a significant decrease in total protein and albumin in addition to a significant increase in creatinine and uric acid levels. The effect of CYP on male fertility was demonstrated by a significant decrease in testis and epididymis weights, epididymis sperm counts, sperm motility with a significant increase in sperm abnormalities. Besides, a significant decrease in testosterone levels along with a significant increase in prolactin levels. CYP induced oxidative stress distinguished by a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in addition to a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Also, CYP produced a significant increase in sperm DNA damage. Co-treatment of SO with CYP improved all alterations induced by CYP. In conclusion SO has beneficial protective effects as it tends to dampen CYP sub chronic toxicity in male rabbit.Key words: sesame oil; cypermethrin; oxidative stress; male fertility; rabbit
Specyfika ekonomicznej oceny regionalnej pomocy państwa w Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Zabłocka-Abi Yaghi Adriana
Published: July 2019

Publiczne wsparcie przedsiębiorstw w formie dotacji, ulg podatkowych, czy też gwarancji podejmowane jest w celu oddziaływania na ich decyzje dotyczące np. wejścia na rynek, lokalizacji ich działalności, działalności badawczo-rozwojowej, wielkości produkcji i zatrudnienia. Ukierunkowanie interwencji na zawodności rynku ma istotne znaczenie dla jej efektywności, a potencjalne ograniczenia konkurencji i handlu związane ze wsparciem stanowią uzasadnienie kontroli pomocy państwa w Unii Europejskiej.

Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka ekonomicznych aspektów regionalnej pomocy państwa w Unii Europejskiej. Analiza ta przybliża zarówno ekonomiczne uzasadnienie tego rodzaju interwencji, jak i ocenę jej dotychczasowych efektów.
Zachowania internautów w mediach społecznościowych w sytuacji kryzysowej na poziomie lokalnym: analiza studium przypadku „Otrzęsiny UTP 2015”
Authors: Marjak Henryk
Published: July 2019

Wystąpienie sytuacji kryzysowej jest związane, oprócz bezpośredniego zagrożenia życia lub mienia, również z osłabieniem więzi społecznych oraz obniżeniem poziomu zaufania do instytucji publicznych. Platformy społecznościowe umożliwiają zarządzającym bezpieczeństwem poprawę komunikacji w trakcie i po sytuacji kryzysowej. Badania nad tego typu komunikacją dotyczyły zwykle katastrof dużej skali, z pominięciem wydarzeń o zasięgu lokalnym.

W artykule przedstawiono złożoność zachowań użytkowników mediów społecznościowych w sytuacji kryzysowej o zasięgu lokalnym. Omówiono przypadki niewłaściwie zaspokajanych potrzeb informacyjnych, które skutkowały wzrostem poczucia frustracji, poszukiwaniem winnych zaistnienia sytuacji kryzysowej, a także nieufnością wobec systemu zabezpieczania imprez masowych. Badania przeprowadzono na podstawie treści dotyczących tragicznego wydarzenia umieszczanych na platformach społecznościowych. Wydarzenie istniało w przestrzeni publicznej jako „Otrzęsiny UTP 2015” w Bydgoszczy. Badania obejmowały analizę rozkładów czasowych oraz wydźwięku emocjonalnego komentarzy na platformach społecznościowych (Facebook, Youtube).
RESUMO DE TCC - AVALIAÇÃO DAS PROPRIEDADES DE UMA BIOARGAMASSA COM MICRORGANISMOS ENCAPSULADOS
Authors: Almeida Jupira , De Martini Roberto De Carli
Published: July 2019

A busca por materiais sustentáveis e de desempenho semelhante ao cimento tem aumentado, visto as complicações ambientais causadas pela produção do material. Uma das opções de material “substituto” são os microrganismos produtores de uréase, capazes de precipitar carbonato de cálcio, responsável pela cristalização. Esses microrganismos podem ser utilizados de diferentes formas para aumentar a resistência de argamassas. A biodeposição é o processo de aspersão de uma solução bacteriana em corpos de prova endurecidos. Neste estudo foram realizadas aspersões semanais de solução bacteriana em amostras de argamassa, e deixadas outras amostras como referência, com aspersão apenas de água, com o objetivo de verificar se a precipitação de carbonato de cálcio produziria aumento na resistência da argamassa. Ao romper os exemplares à compressão e tração, verificou-se aumento significativo nos que tiveram adição de bactérias, indicando que houve preenchimento de poros.
OS FUNDAMENTOS DO ATIVISMO JUDICIAL PRATICADO NO BRASIL
Authors: BARBOSA LEOCIMAR RODRIGUES , ANDRADE GLEIDSON HENRIQUE ANTUNES DE , MAURICIO JEISSIELY LUZIA
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho busca demonstrar uma melhor compreensão sobre o assunto citado, bem como sua origem no mundo e no Brasil, suas bases e seu conceito. Para tanto, buscou-se estudar, uma análise de forma crítica, sobre alguns dos principais julgados considerados ativistas, praticados pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. Desse modo, é possível identificar a presença do ativismo judicial em nas suas decisões que buscam efetivar os Direitos Fundamentais garantidos pela Constituição de 1988, mas, que não têm como fundamento uma previsão legal expressa, e sim, uma interpretação ampla dos princípios constitucionais e das cláusulas constitucionais abertas. Assim, o estudo demonstrou a importância do tema, como meio de garantir os direitos fundamentais constitucionais, ou uma ofensa ao princípio da Separação dos Poderes.
Evaluasi Penggunaan Pencuci Luka Terhadap Wound Healing: Literature Review
Authors: Paridah Paridah , Tahir Takdir , Yusuf Saldy
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT Background : wound cleansing is part of wound management which performed to remove foreign bodies or pathogens that can cause infections in wounds to improve the wound healing process. Although it has been agreed that wound cleansing aims to reduce the incidence of infection but the reality is still debated among practitioners about the advantages and disadvantages of this implementation, so the selection of wound cleansers must be done wisely. This review literature aims to evaluate the use of available wound cleansers for wound healing. methods: Literatures was sourced from database Google scholar, PubMed, Proquest, ScienDirect, published from January 2011 to July 2018, there 14 articles were identified and after 9 filters were left. Results: from 9 articles that met the criteria, the results that showed the effect of wound cleansing use; Electrolyzed strong acid water, superoxidised, hydrogen peroxide, propylbetaine-polihesanide, povidine-iodine, chlorin dioxide, tap water with normal saline as a comparison group of the effectiveness in inhibiting infection, tissue toxicity, comfortably, timing and improvement of wound healing process. Based on the review results, it is generally stated that there is no significant difference between. Conclusions: There was no significant difference between wound cleanser. Based on this review it is recommended to pay attention to the type of wound before using wound Cleansing. Keywords: wound Cleansing, wound healing, literature review
Hubungan Antara Tingkat Kepatuhan Perawat Terhadap SOP (Standar Operasional Prosedur) Perawatan Luka Dengan Proses Penyembuhan Luka Pasien Pascabedah Di RSUD dr. H. Andi Abdurrahman Noor
Authors: Suhada Muhammad
Published: July 2019

SOP is a procedure or stage that is standardized and must be passed to complete a particular work process and is part of the nurses' skills in applying their knowledge. Injuries are a break in the continuity of a tissue caused by an injury or surgical process. The wound healing process is influenced by several factors, one of which is wound management such as wound care. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the level of nurse obedience to SOP (Standard Operational Procedure) wound care with the wound healing process after surgery.This type of study was a correlation with using cross sectional design. The samples in this study were 20 nurses and 20 patients by using purposive sampling technique. This study was conducted in the RSUD dr. H. Andi Abdurrahman Noor Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu.The results of study indicated that the level of nurse obedience in the very obedient category was (40%) and the results of observations in the wound healing process were (55%) at the level of the category that was not good. After statistical tests by using the Spearman Rank test obtained P value of 0.032 <(0.05).The conclusion of this study, that there was correlation between the level of nurse obedience to SOP (Standard Operational Procedure) wound care with wound healing process after surgery.