bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of workplace bullying on individual wellbeing: The moderating role of coping
Authors: Bernstein Colleen , Trimm Leanne
Published: October 2016

Orientation: Workplace bullying has deleterious effects on individual well-being and various organisational outcomes. Different coping styles may moderate the relationship between workplace bullying and individual and organisational outcomes.Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating role of four coping styles – seeking help, assertiveness, avoidance and doing nothing – in the relationship between workplace bullying and individual and organisational outcomes.Motivation for the study: There is a lack of South African research exploring the moderating role of different coping styles in the relationship between workplace bullying and individual and organisational outcomes.Research design, approach and method: The study used a cross-sectional design, quantitative approach and a convenience sampling method. One hundred white-collar respondents from a construction organisation in South Africa participated in this research. Moderated multiple regression (MMR) was used to analyse the data.Main findings: Results of the MMR indicated a direct negative impact of workplace bullying on psychological well-being, self-esteem, job satisfaction and intention to leave. Seeking help and assertiveness moderated the relationship between bullying and psychological well-being. Avoidance and doing nothing also moderated the relationship between bullying and psychological well-being but in a counterintuitive manner, exacerbating the negative impact of bullying on psychological well-being. Similarly, avoidance exacerbated the negative impact of bullying on self-esteem. Direct effects were also found for the coping strategy of seeking help on psychological well-being and for avoidance on job satisfaction. However, while seeking help improved psychological well-being, avoidance had a negative impact on job satisfaction.Practical/managerial implications: Different coping strategies may have different effects. Some may be productive in terms of leading to improved outcomes, while others may not. These findings have particular relevance for human resource departments and practitioners.Contribution/value-add: The findings of this research contribute to the limited body of South African research investigating different types of coping in moderating the bullying–well-being relationship.
Attempting to develop a Pentecostal theology of worship
Authors: Nel Marius
Published: October 2016

Pentecostals affirm the power of Pentecost in worship where they experience the Spirit�s revelation of Christ and teach and preach about worship. However, Pentecostal theologians have not written much about a theology of worship, so Pentecostals� worship practices are not necessarily theologically well-grounded. This article argues that the development of such a theology is necessary and timely because it will serve to inform, evaluate and regulate Pentecostal worship. It is then argued that such a theology of worship should be based on two principles emphasised by the Pentecostal fraternity: the Spirit�s equipment of all believers as priests and prophets, and their participation in all worship structures as part of the democratisation of the liturgy. Some elements of such a Pentecostal theology of worship are then explicated, specifically singing and praising God, preaching, communion and baptism, and Spirit baptism, in order to illustrate how the two main distinctive qualities of a Pentecostal worship service determine its contents. The purpose of the article is to theorise about the theological grounding of worship in the Pentecostal movement, hopefully in order to stimulate a South African debate among Pentecostals and interested parties.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: Worship practices in Pentecostal services are varied but share some common perspectives. It is argued that the theology underlying these practices has not been described in a South African context, making it difficult to evaluate the worship practices in Pentecostal services. By defining a Pentecostal theology of worship it becomes possible to do such an evaluation.
Prescribing of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation Based on Estimation of Renal Function Using Standard and Modified Cockcroft–Gault Equations: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Kucey Melissa , Bolt Jennifer , Albers Lori , Bell Ali , Iroh Nkem , Toppings Julie
Published: October 2016

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Pharmacy Support of a Pediatric Patient Receiving Milrinone at Home
Authors: Xue Ariel , Dersch-Mills Deonne , Tsang Clara , Greenway Steven C
Published: October 2016

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Compliance of Automated Dispensing Cabinets with Guidelines of the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (US): Comparison between 2010 and 2015
Authors: Bernier Emmy , Yu Lavina , Rivard Julie , Atkinson Suzanne , Bussières Jean-François
Published: October 2016

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Establishing a Pharmacy Practice for Today: Reflections from an Innovative Site
Authors: Rioux Josée , Anwar Maria
Published: October 2016

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Un vent de changement
Authors: Fitch Patrick
Published: October 2016

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Winds of Change
Authors: Fitch Patrick
Published: October 2016

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Assessment of Correlation between Clinical Parameters and Pulp Canal Pathogens in Endodontic Pathologies: A Microbiological Study
Authors: Pandey Vinisha , Choudhary Isha , Kumar Vipin , Tripathi Prashant , Misra Abhinav , Bagde Hiroj
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Success and failure of root canal therapy is largely dependent on the clinician and the patient. Once the tooth is restored into its functional and esthetic place, the root canal therapy is considered to be complete. It is a well-known fact that root canal space acts as a rich reservoir for microorganisms. Past studies show that root canal harbors an array of different microorganisms. Streptococcus mitis and Enterococcus faecalis have been found to be the most prevalent microorganisms isolated from the infected pulp canal space. Hence, we evaluated the association of endodontic signs and symptoms with root canal pathogens.

Materials and methods

A total of 120 patients were selected for the study and divided broadly into two groups: Group I containing patients with primary infection and group II containing patients in which retreatment was required. Both groups contained 60 patients each. Clinical parameters recorded for the study are pain, tenderness on percussion, swelling, periapical radiolucency on radiographic analysis, caries, sinus formation, and tooth mobility. After assessment, opening, and initial filing, sterile paper points were inserted into the root canal space for collection of microbiological sample, which was further send to laboratory for cultural analysis. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Student's t-test and Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate the level of significance.

Results

While comparing the mean age of the patients in the two groups, no significant association was seen. Statistically significant results were obtained while comparing the association between pain and S. mitis. Positive correlation was seen on comparing the association between tenderness on percussion and E. faecalis. Also, a positive association was seen between periapical radiolucency and S. mitis.

Conclusion

Strong positive correlation exists between S. mitis and E. faecalis and endodontic signs and symptoms.

Clinical significance

Sound knowledge regarding the association of microbes of root canal and specific endodontic signs and symptoms could help therapeutic management of root canal infections effectively.

How to cite this article

Pandey V, Choudhary I, Kumar V, Tripathi P, Misra A, Bagde H. Assessment of Correlation between Clinical Parameters and Pulp Canal Pathogens in Endodontic Pathologies: A Microbiological Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):654-658.
A Comparative Study of the Retentive Strengths of Commercial and Indigenously Developed Luting Cements using Both Lathe-cut and Clinically Simulated Specimens
Authors: Kurian Byju P , Mathew Joe , Philip Biju , Mohammed Sunil , Menon Preetha
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Superior adhesive strength in luting agents is of paramount significance in fixed partial denture success. In this in vitro study five cements were tested for retentive qualities, using both lathe-cut and hand-prepared specimens.

Materials and methods

A total of 104 freshly extracted tooth specimens were prepared. Seventy of them were lathe-cut and 30 specimens were hand-prepared to simulate clinical conditions. Five different cements were tested, which included a compomer, a composite, a zinc phosphate, and 2 glass-ionomer luting cements. Of the 5, 2 trial cements were indigenously developed by Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum, India – a glassionomer cement (Chitra GIC) and a chemical-cure composite (Chitra CCC). All cements were compared within each group and between groups (lathe-prepared and hand-prepared).

Results

GC Fuji 1 (GC America) exhibited superior retentive strengths in both lathe-cut and hand-prepared specimens, whereas the compomer cement displayed the lowest values when tested. In lathe-cut specimens, statistical analysis showed no significant difference between GC Fuji 1 and indigenously developed Chitra CCC.

Conclusion

Both Chitra CCC and GC Fuji 1 have comparable strengths in lathe-cut samples, making Chitra CCC a potential luting agent. Statistical analysis reveals that all cements, except GC Fuji 1, exhibited a significant decrease in strength due to the change in design uniformity. The chemical bonding of GC Fuji 1 proves to be quite strong irrespective of shape and precision of the tooth crown.

Clinical significance

The indigenously developed Chitra GIC and Chitra CCC showed promising results to be used as a potential luting agent.

How to cite this article

Mathew J, Kurian BP, Philip B, Mohammed S, Menon P, Raj RS. A Comparative Study of the Retentive Strengths of Commercial and Indigenously Developed Luting Cements using Both Lathe-cut and Clinically Simulated Specimens. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):663-669.
Improved Visualization and Assessment of Condylar Position in the Glenoid Fossa for Different Occlusions: A CBCT Study
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Natt Amanpreet S , Mehra Simranjeet K , Maheshwari Karan , Kaur Amanjot
Published: October 2016

Introduction

The position of the condyle in the glenoid fossa plays an important role in the stability of occlusion after orthodontic treatment. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides an optimal imaging of the osseous components of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and give a full size truly threedimensional (3D) description in real anatomical size. The present study aimed to visualize and compare the position of condyle in the glenoid fossa for different occlusions by using CBCT.

Materials and methods

Cone beam computed tomographic images of 45 subjects, aged 18 to 42 years, were evaluated. Subjects were equally divided into three groups according to the A point, nasion, B point (ANB) angle.

Results

In the sagittal plane, condyle is positioned nonconcentrically; positioned anteriosuperiorly in class I and III occlusions and lies posteriosuperiorly in class II occlusion. In the frontal plane, condyle is positioned centrally (mediolaterally) in all the three types of occlusions. In the axial plane, the parameters showed significant difference between the different occlusions. No statistical significant distinction could be made in the position of the condyle when comparing the right and left joints.

Conclusion

The position of condyle in glenoid fossa influences sagittal, transverse, and vertical relationships of the jaws which eventually contribute to development of various malocclusions. Nonconcentricity is the feature of the condyle in the sagittal plane in different malocclusions.

Clinical significance

An important consideration in orthodontic treatment is the recognition of the importance that the dentition should be in harmony with the related musculoskeletal structures. Therefore, the condylar position is an important concern in maintaining or restoring temporomandibular harmony with the dentition and the position of the condyle in the glenoid fossa plays an important role in the stability of occlusion after orthodontic treatment.

How to cite this article

Kaur A, Natt AS, Mehra SK, Maheshwari K, Singh G, Kaur A. Improved Visualization and Assessment of Condylar Position in the Glenoid Fossa for Different Occlusions: A CBCT Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):679-686.
Retrospective Analysis of Different Bracket Systems used in the Treatment of Patients with Anterior Crowding: A Longitudinal Comparative Study
Authors: Subudhi Santosh Kumar , Sepolia Shipra , Kushwah Atul PS , Natt Amanpreet Singh , Vashisht Lipika , Sahoo Sushil Kumar
Published: October 2016

Introduction

New design of brackets have been introduced in the field of orthodontics in the recent past, and one of such advancement is the self-ligating brackets. These brackets are said to have less friction, with a shorter period of treatment. Better patient acceptance and good treatment results are some of the other advantages offered by self-ligating brackets. Hence, we comparatively evaluated root resorption of anterior teeth by self-ligating and conventional preadjusted brackets in cases of severe anterior crowding in class I patients.

Materials and methods

The present study was carried out at the department of orthodontics in a dental institution and included 140 patients that presented with the chief complaint of Angle class I malocclusion with crowding of more than 6 mm in the anterior tooth region. Two groups were formed with 70 patients in each group. In one group self-ligating brackets were used, while in other group conventional brackets were used. Malmgren's method was sued for evaluating the root resorption score ranging from 0 to 4. All the results were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Chi-square test, nonpaired t-test, and paired t-test were used to evaluate the level of significance.

Results

The mean age of the patients in groups I and II was 13.92 and 13.81 years respectively. While comparing age of the patients and time duration of the treatment, no significant results were obtained. While comparing the root resorptions at various time intervals in groups I and II patients, significant results were obtained. While comparing the root resorptions in between groups I and II patients, no statistically significant results were obtained (p-value > 0.05).

Conclusion

Statistically similar amount of resorption is seen in patients in both the groups either on self-ligating brackets or on conventional preadjusted brackets during treatment of Angle class I patients with severe anterior crowding.

Clinical significance

In treating anterior crowding patients with Angle class I patients, choice of brackets has no effect on the amount of root resorption.

How to cite this article

Sepolia S, Kushwah APS, Natt AS, Vashisht L, Sahoo SK, Subudhi SK. Retrospective Analysis of Different Bracket Systems used in the Treatment of Patients with Anterior Crowding: A Longitudinal Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):687-691.
Evaluation of Potential Risk Factors that contribute to Malignant Transformation of Oral Lichen Planus: A Literature Review
Authors: Agha-Hosseini Farzaneh , Sheykhbahaei Nafiseh , SadrZadeh-Afshar Maryam-Sadat
Published: October 2016

Aim

Many studies have suggested that a lesion originally diagnosed as oral lichen planus (OLP) has different possibilities of undergoing malignant transformation in time, although these findings remain a controversial issue; for example, some studies reported different values of potential malignancy of OLP.

Introduction

World Health Organization (WHO) classifies OLP as a “potentially malignant disorder” with unspecified malignant transformation risk, and suggests that OLP patients should be closely monitored. Numerous studies have attempted to confirm the malignant transformation potential of OLP.

Review results

The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline and EMBASE databases, PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid, Up To Date, BMJ Clinical Evidence, MD Consult, and Science Direct were searched for papers published between 1997 and 2015. The medical subject heading search terms were “lichen planus,” “oral lichen planus,” “erosive oral lichen planus,” “dysplasia,” “oral precancerous condition,” “oral premalignant condition,” oral cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and atrophic lichen planus. A total of 120 English language abstracts were reviewed, and 50 relevant articles identified. Because of the extensive literature on the association between OLP and SCC, we have divided the data into genetic and nongenetic factors for more accurate assessment.

Conclusion

In this evidence base, malignant transformation ranges from 0 to 37% with a mean of 4.59%. The highest rate of malignancy was noted in erythematosus and erosive lesions. In this way, follow-up of OLP patients could be carried out more efficiently and appropriately.

Clinical significance

Oral lichen planus is a premalignant lesion. All types of OLP in any site of oral mucosa must be monitored regularly.

How to cite this article

Agha-Hosseini F, Sheykhbahaei N, SadrZadeh-Afshar M-S. Evaluation of Potential Risk Factors that contribute to Malignant Transformation of Oral Lichen Planus: A Literature Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):692-701.
Fundamentos para la Elaboración de Manuscritos Científicos en Trauma y Cuidado Agudo de Emergencias (Parte 2): Ética y Responsabilidad en la Autoría de los Manuscritos; Recomendaciones para Mentores y Personal en Entrenamiento
Authors: Rubiano Andres Mariano
Published: October 2016

RESÚMEN

Objetivo

La ética y la autoria responsable en publicaciones científicas SON (in stead of es) un elemento fundamental en la realización de manuscritos del área de trauma y cirugía aguda de emergencias. El objetivo de este artículo es discutir los principales elementos que deben tener en cuenta estudiantes y mentores para evitar fallas en estos aspectos fundamentales de la vida científica en salud.

Materiales y métodos

Artículo de revisión de literatura científica en el área de ética y autoría responsable en publicaciones científicas.

Resultados

Autor se considera a quien ha hecho las mayores contribuciones intelectuales a un artículo publicado. Esto tiene implicaciones académicas, sociales, legales y financieras. Se considera una inapropiada conducta cualquier práctica que se desvíe de aquellas que son comúnmente aceptadas dentro de la comunidad científica de proponer, conducir o reportar un estudio. Algunas prácticas cuestionables en investigación, pueden presentarse por desconocimiento, falta de entrenamiento y falta de supervisión apropiada, especialmente en investigadores jóvenes. Entre las más comunes se encuentra el fraude, la piratería y el plagio.

Conclusión

Las faltas a la ética y a la autoría responsable al momento de elaborar manuscritos científicos no son infrecuentes. Ocurren generalmente por falta de una política institucional clara o por falta de información de quienes hacen parte del grupo de investigación. Es fundamental que las asociaciones científicas y los editores de revistas especializadas generen políticas claras y divulguen este tipo de información entre los potenciales autores de artículos científicos.

How to cite this article

R ubiano A M, E cheverri R A, Montenegro JH, Puyana JC. Fundamentos para la Elaboración de Manuscritos Científicos en Trauma y Cuidado Agudo de Emergencias (Parte 2): Ética y Responsabilidad en la Autoría de los Manuscritos; Recomendaciones para Mentores y Personal en Entrenamiento. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2016;5(2):70-75.
Panamerican Trauma Society Basic Trauma Education Course Administration in Resource-limited Areas
Authors: Mora Francisco E , Quiodettis Martha , Mata Lina V , Fischer Jaime , Machain Gustavo M , Salamea Juan C
Published: October 2016

Introduction and objectives

Injuries and noncommunicable diseases account for greater than 73% deaths and 76% disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in Latin America, where trauma care is challenging especially when resources are scarce. Education and training is a basic step in trauma systems development, which was shown to improve survival. Except for urban areas, trauma courses are unavailable and unaffordable in the Latin region. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of implementation of a basic trauma education course (BTC) for resource-limited areas adopted and promulgated by the Panamerican Trauma Society (PTS) since 2011.

Materials and methods

Basic trauma education course was administered in Paraguay, Medellin, Chile, and Panama during the PTS congresses (2011-2013). The two-day course was based on the patient's pathway system, addressing the management of the patient through various echelon of care from rural health centers to local provincial hospital and tertiary treatment facilities. It contained 20 hours of didactic lectures and hands on skill labs on basic trauma resuscitation, stabilization, and transport, as well as trauma system-oriented teaching (triage, EMS, kinematics, trauma registries). Panamerican Trauma Society international and national instructors administered the courses. Course logistics and coordination were carried out by international and local coordinators and by trauma league medical students. Pre and post (30 multiple-choice questions) tests were used to assess participants. Paired t-test was used to compare scores.

Results

Fifty-four students (rural physicians, EMS providers, students, nurses, and administrators) participated. Pre and posttest score comparison showed significant improvement 74% vs 85% respectively, p-value < 0.0001.

Conclusion

A tailored trauma course and evaluation can be feasible in educating local providers. The PTS can promulgate the application of BTCs that may serve as a model for continuing trauma care education in developing countries. Course follow-up evaluation is pending.

How to cite this article

Mata LV, Mora FE, Quiodettis M, Fischer J, Machain GM, Salamea JC, Rodas EB, Aboutanos MB. Panamerican Trauma Society Basic Trauma Education Course Administration in Resource-limited Areas. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2016;5(2):83-87.
Telemedicine inside the Pocket: The Impact of Smartphones on Daily Patients’ Evaluations
Authors: Nasr Adonis , Abreu-Reis Phillipe , Bassani Tayron , Collaco Iwan A , Pereira Guilherme D , Faggion Heloisa Z , Sawczyn Guilherme V , Uchida Erick P , Tomasich Flavio S , Lopes Juliano A
Published: October 2016

Objective

To evaluate the perception of doctors, residents, and medical students of smartphone use on daily medical practice.

Materials and methods

Cross-sectional study with data collected online by questionnaire on Google Docs®, with closed multiple-choice questions regarding smartphones use in medical practice and its impact on decision-making and patients' privacy.

Results

There were 118 questionnaires, mostly from students (61%), followed by medical residents (31%) and medical preceptors (8%). All preceptors confirmed eventual use of smartphones on clinical cases discussions, 77.8% of whom use it in less than half of the time. Among the residents, 94.6% use theirs smartphones, 77% of them in more than half of the time. On the contrary, 12.5% of the students do not use this kind of resource, and among those that do use it, 50% do so more than half of the time. All preceptors, 94.6% residents and 80.6% of the students believe its use does not expose the patients' privacy.

Conclusion

Preceptors and residents use smartphones more often than medical students. Most agree its use helps on daily decision-making and does not jeopardize the patients' privacy.

How to cite this article

Abreu-Reis P, Bassani T, Collaco IA, Pereira GD, Faggion HZ, Sawczyn GV, Uchida EP, Nasr A, Tomasich FS, Lopes JA. Telemedicine inside the Pocket: The Impact of Smartphones on Daily Patients' Evaluations. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2016;5(2):88-92.
Subacute Subdural Hematoma mimicking Epidural Hematoma in Infant Patient
Authors: Faried Ahmad , Arifin Muhammad Z , Wirjomartani Benny A
Published: October 2016

Subacute subdural hematoma (SDH) is one of the most common clinical entities encountered in daily neurosurgical practice. The imaging of computed tomography (CT) has made a major impact on the diagnosis of subacute SDH. Although unilateral chronic lesion of SDH as a result of a space-occupying lesion is usually easily recognizable on CT scan, subacute SDH appearing in lenticular form may cause considerable difficulty, particularly when its appearance mimics the classic CT scan appearance of an epidural hematoma (EDH). Pathognomonic findings on CT scan are usually sufficient to establish a correct diagnosis, though the presence of such appearance can also be a misleading finding, especially in an infant patient.

How to cite this article

Yudoyono F, Faried A, Wirjomartani BA, Arifin MZ. Subacute Subdural Hematoma mimicking Epidural Hematoma in Infant Patient. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2016;5(2):113-115.
Multi-model study of mercury dispersion in the atmosphere: Atmospheric processes and model evaluation
Authors: Travnikov Oleg , Angot Hélène , Artaxo Paulo , Bencardino Mariantonia , Bieser Johannes , D’Amore Francesco , Dastoor Ashu , De Simone Francesco , Diéguez María del Carmen , Dommergue Aurélien , Ebinghaus Ralf , Feng Xin Bin , Gencarelli Christian N. , Hedgecock Ian M. , Magand Olivier , Martin Lynwill , Matthias Volker , Mashyanov Nikolay , Pirrone Nicola , Ramachandran Ramesh , Read Katie Alana , Ryjkov Andrei , Selin Noelle E. , Sena Fabrizio , Song Shaojie , Sprovieri Francesca , Wip Dennis , Wängberg Ingvar , Yang Xin
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Current understanding of mercury (Hg) behaviour in the atmosphere contains significant gaps. Some key characteristics of Hg processes including anthropogenic and geogenic emissions, atmospheric chemistry, and air-surface exchange are still poorly known. This study provides a complex analysis of processes governing Hg fate in the atmosphere involving both measurement data from ground-based sites and simulation results of chemical transport models. A variety of long-term measurements of gaseous elemental Hg (GEM) and reactive Hg (RM) concentration as well as Hg wet deposition flux has been compiled from different global and regional monitoring networks. Four contemporary global-scale transport models for Hg were applied both in their state-of-the-art configurations and for a number of numerical experiments aimed at evaluation of particular processes. Results of the model simulation were evaluated against measurements. As it follows from the analysis the inter-hemispheric gradient of GEM is largely formed by the spatial distribution of anthropogenic emissions which prevail in the Northern Hemisphere. Contribution of natural and secondary emissions enhances the south-to-north gradient but their effect is less significant. The atmospheric chemistry does not affect considerably both spatial distribution and temporal variation of GEM concentration in the surface air. On the other hand, RM air concentration and wet deposition are largely defined by oxidation chemistry. The Br oxidation mechanism allows successfully reproducing observed seasonal variation of the RM / GEM ratio in the near-surface layer, whereas it predicts maximum in wet deposition in spring instead of summer as observed at monitoring sites located in North America and Europe. Model runs with the OH chemistry correctly simulate both the periods of maximum and minimum values and the amplitude of observed seasonal variation but lead to shifting the maximum RM / GEM ratios from spring to summer. The O3 chemistry does not provide significant seasonal variation of Hg oxidation. Thus, performance of the considered Hg oxidation mechanisms differs in reproduction of different observed parameters that can imply possibility of more complex chemistry and multiple pathways of Hg oxidation occurring concurrently in various parts of the atmosphere.
Hydromorphological restoration stimulates river ecosystem metabolism
Authors: Kupilas Benjamin , Hering Daniel , Lorenz Armin W. , Knuth Christoph , Gücker Björn
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Both, ecosystem structure and functioning determine ecosystem status and are important for the provision of goods and services to society. However, there is a paucity of research that couples functional measures with assessments of ecosystem structure. In mid-sized and large rivers, effects of restoration on key ecosystem processes, such as ecosystem metabolism, have rarely been addressed and remain poorly understood. We compared three reaches of the third-order, gravel-bed river Ruhr in Germany: two reaches restored with moderate (R1) and substantial effort (R2) and one upstream degraded reach (D). Hydromorphology, habitat composition and hydrodynamics were assessed. We estimated gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) using the one-station open-channel diel dissolved oxygen change method over a 50-day period at the end of each reach. Values for hydromorphological variables increased with restoration intensity (D
Quantification of dynamic soil – vegetation feedbacks following an isotopically labelled precipitation pulse
Authors: Piayda Arndt , Dubbert Maren , Siegwolf Rolf , Cuntz Matthias , Werner Christiane
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The presence of vegetation alters hydrological cycles of ecosystems. Complex plant – soil interactions govern the fate of precipitation input and water transitions through ecosystem compartments. Disentangling these interactions is a major challenge in the field of ecohydrology and pivotal foundation for understanding the carbon cycle of semi – arid ecosystems. Stable water isotopes can be used in this context as tracer to quantify water movement through soil – vegetation – atmosphere interfaces. The aim of this study is to disentangle vegetation effects on soil water infiltration and distribution as well as dynamics of soil evaporation and grassland water – use in a Mediterranean cork – oak woodland during dry conditions. An irrigation experiment using δ18O labeled water was carried out in order to quantify distinct effects of tree and herbaceous vegetation on infiltration and distribution of event water in the soil profile. Dynamic responses of soil and herbaceous vegetation fluxes to precipitation regarding event water – use, water uptake depth plasticity and contribution to ecosystem evapotranspiration were quantified. Total water loss to the atmosphere from bare soil was as high as from vegetated soil, utilizing large amounts of unproductive water loss for biomass production, carbon sequestration and nitrogen fixation. During the experiment no adjustments of main root water uptake depth to changes of water availability could be observed, rendering light to medium precipitation events under dry conditions useless. This forces understory plants to compete with adjacent trees for soil water in deeper soil layers. Thus understory plants are faster subject to chronic drought, leading to premature senescence at the onset of drought. Despite this water competition, the presence of Cork oak trees fosters infiltration to large degrees. That reduces drought stress, caused by evapotranspiration, due to favourable micro climatic conditions under tree crown shading. This study highlights complex soil – plant – atmosphere and inter – species interactions in both space and time controlling the fate of rain pulse transitions through a typical Mediterranean savannah ecosystem, disentangled by the use of stable water isotopes.
Holocene dynamics in the Bering Strait inflow to the Arctic and the Beaufort Gyre circulation based on sedimentary records from the Chukchi Sea
Authors: Yamamoto Masanobu , Nam Seung Il , Polyak Leonid , Kobayashi Daisuke , Suzuki Kenta , Irino Tomohisa , Shimada Koji
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The Beaufort Gyre (BG) and the Bering Strait inflow (BSI) are important elements of the Arctic Ocean circulation system and major controls on the distribution of Arctic sea ice. We report records of the quartz/feldspar and chlorite/illite ratios in two sediment cores from the northern Chukchi Sea providing insights into the long-term dynamics of the BG circulation and the BSI during the Holocene. The quartz/feldspar ratio, a proxy of the BG strength, gradually decreased during the Holocene, suggesting a long-term decline in the BG strength, consistent with orbitally-controlled decrease in summer insolation. We suppose that the BG rotation weakened as a result of increasing stability of sea-ice cover at the margins of the Canada Basin, driven by decreasing insolation. Millennial to multi-centennial variability in the quartz/feldspar ratio (the BG circulation) is consistent with fluctuations in solar irradiance, suggesting that solar activity affected the BG strength on these timescales. The BSI, approximated by the chlorite/illite record, shows intensified flow from the Bering Sea to the Arctic during the middle Holocene, which is attributed primarily to the effect of an overall weaker Aleutian Low. This middle Holocene strengthening of the BSI was coeval with intense subpolar gyre circulation in the North Atlantic. We propose that the BSI is linked with the North Atlantic circulation via an atmospheric teleconnection between the Aleutian and Icelandic Lows. A correspondence between the Holocene variability of the BSI and North Atlantic Drift suggests that this connection is involved in a mechanism muting salinity changes in the North Atlantic, and thereby stabilizing the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.
Relationship of Permafrost Cryofacies to Varying Surface and Subsurface Terrain
Conditions in the Brooks Range and foothills of Northern Alaska, USA
Authors: Balser Andrew W. , Jones Jeremy B. , Jorgenson M. Torre
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Permafrost landscape responses to climate change and disturbance impact local ecology and global greenhouse gas concentrations, but the nature and magnitude of response is linked with vegetation, terrain and permafrost properties that vary markedly across landscapes. As a subsurface property, permafrost conditions are difficult to characterize across landscapes, and modeled estimates rely upon relationships among permafrost characteristics and surface properties. While a general relationship among landscape and permafrost properties has been recognized throughout the Arctic, the nature of these relationships is poorly documented in many regions, limiting modeling capability. We examined relationships among terrain, vegetation and permafrost within the Brooks Range and foothills of northern Alaska using field data from diverse sites and multiple factor analysis ordination. Terrain, vegetation and permafrost conditions were correlated throughout the region, with field sites falling into four statistically-separable groups based on ordination results. Our results identify index variables for honing field sampling and statistical analysis, illustrate the nature of relationships in the region, support future modeling of permafrost properties, and suggest a state factor approach for organizing data and ideas relevant for modeling of permafrost properties at a regional scale.
Lo decolonial en el horizonte de la folkcomunicación
Authors: Borsani María Eugenia
Published: October 2016

Este escrito entabla vinculaciones entre la decolonialidad y la folkcomunicación. El título podría invertirse, pues me guía tanto el interés de pensar lo decolonial en el horizonte de la folkcomunicación como así también analizar la folkcomunicación a la luz de la perspectiva decolonial. En aras de logar ese acercamiento, me he propuesto desplegar algunas premisas centrales de la perspectiva decolonial para establecer, desde allí, puentes o vasos comunicantes con la folkcomunicación.
De massa, multidão e outros: acepções na modernidade e na contemporaneidade
Authors: Albano Sebastião Guilherme
Published: October 2016

O presente artigo parte de prerrogativas de uma pesquisa em andamento que diz respeito à evolução da práxis dos movimentos sociais e de emancipação contemporâneos, especialmente no tocante a sua apropriação das tecnologias de comunicação e informação. Aqui, tão somente trataremos de aspectos como o dado de que na contemporaneidade observa-se a incursão desses movimentos em direção à forma disseminada em rede, modelo de operação acentrado que subverte lógicas anteriores, baseadas em hierarquia e burocracia, nas quais a noção de massa permanece implicada. Dessa maneira, o conceito de multidão, resgatado por Baruch Spinoza e atualizado por Antonio Negri e depois por Michael Hardt propõe-se a compreender as manifestações e o ethos dessa categoria que desconsidera a ideia de povo e de massa e une em seu cerne aspectos políticos, econômicos e sociais atuando mediante a comunicação, a cooperação e a colaboração. Assim, um de seus objetivos constituintes perece ser mesmo a renovação do projeto de democracia.
Muito barulho por tudo: uma análise sobre as estratégias políticas e comunicativas dos panelaços Anti-Dilma
Authors: Lucena Severino Alves de , Bezerra Juliana Freire
Published: October 2016

Neste estudo, analisamos as estratégias políticas e comunicativas de fomentação das manifestações a favor do Impeachment da presidenta afastada de seu cargo político, em 2016, Dilma Rousseff, especialmente os panelaços. Estes configuraram as formas de protestos mais marcantes dos movimentos sociais ocorridos em 2015 contra ela e foram combinados a outras estratégias comunicativas de promoção desta luta política. Sob a luz da teoria da Folkcomunicação, evidenciamos novas formas de exercício da cidadania na sociedade digital, que mescla meios e procedimentos comunicativos populares e hegemônicos, gerando discursos e estratégias políticas folkmidiáticos. Refletimos ainda sobre o porquê da escolha dos panelaços como símbolos das manifestações e as estratégias utilizadas pelas revistas Veja e Isto É para fomentar estes protestos.
Atualizações da mídia regional: a Rede Somzoom Sat dez anos depois (2005-2015)
Authors: Lima Maria Érica de Oliveira , Lopes John Willian
Published: October 2016

Há dez anos estudamos como objeto empírico da tese de doutorado (LIMA, 2005) o grupo regional de mídia Rede Somzoom Sat, do Ceará, que congregava, na época, cabeça de rede e afiliadas, bandas de forró eletrônico (Mastruz com Leite e outras), gráfica, selo fonográfico, casa de show e parques de vaquejada. Hoje, como se encontra, dez anos depois, o mesmo grupo regional? Com essa pergunta, metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa com técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica, exploratória e entrevistas, fomos a campo rever o objeto empírico, com o objetivo de confrontar os conceitos de mídia regional e também as atualizações no cenário das novas tecnologias. O Grupo Somzoom Sat se encontra com os mesmos ramos empresariais e de mídia, investindo agora nas mídias digitais e televisão.
A Comparative Study of the Effects of Formal Education on Rural and Urban Families in Central Region of Ghana
Authors: Opoku Daniel
Published: October 2016

This study sought to make a comparative analysis of the effects of formal education on rural and urban families in the Central Region of Ghana. The main objective of this research was to find out whether the changes that come as a result of formal education have strengthened or weakened the structure and function of the contemporary rural Watreso and urban Cape Coast families. Using a descriptive research design, the study employed a semi-structured interview guide and four focus group discussions to elicit data from a total of 49 respondents from Watreso in the Twifo-Hemang Lower- Denkyira District and three suburbs (Cape Coast Core, Abura and Adisadel settlements) all in the Cape Coast Metropolis. The findings of the study revealed that formal education has a significant effect on the contemporary rural Watreso and urban Cape Coast families which to some extent has strengthened the structure and function of these families. However, the study also revealed some challenges and changes that the contemporary rural (Watreso) and urban (Cape Coast) families have experienced in the wake of formal education. Enmity and hatred against rich members of the family have been a problem. It was recommended that well to do members freely help the needy members in their families.
Effect of Different substrate Disinfection Methods on the Production of Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Atila Funda
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to estimate which of disinfection method is more effective in case of higher yield and fewer cost in cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus in rural areas.  For this purpose, four different treatments; scalping in hot water (60, 80 and 100°C), and chemical disinfection (1% formaldehyde) were compared with sterilization by autoclave. It has been noticed that method of disinfection affects mycelium growing duration(day), yield(g/kg), biological efficiency (BE%), avarage weight of fruitbody(g), diameter of pileus(cm), stipe lenght(cm) and width(cm).  P. ostreatus took significantly much time to colonise the substrate (19.9 days) disinfected by chemical disinfection compared with others. Chemical disinfection (271.28 g/kg and 91.96%) and scalding hot water at 80oC (263.42 g/kg and 90.83%) had highest productivity in terms of yield and BE, respectively, while scalding hot water at 60oC (136.08 g/kg and 46.92%) had least productivity. The largest diameter of fruitbody was obtained by scalding in hot water at 80oC, while the longest stipes were harvested in disinfected substrate by chemicals.  In conclusion, cheaper and more easily applecable scalping in hot water 80°C and chemical disinfection may be use for the disinfection of growing substrates instead of sterilization with autoclave in rural areas.Keywords: mushroom growing substrate, disinfection methods, autoclaved, scalding, chemical disinfection, Pleurotus ostreatus
Thrombocyte Aggregative Activity of Irshire Breed Calves of Milk Nutrition
Authors: Nikolayevich Medvedev Ilya
Published: October 2016

Evaluation of blood indices and especially hemostasis elements of productive cattle has great practical meaning for biology. They are closely connected with their somatic characteristics and functioning processes of the whole organism. Clarification of their values allows to work out age-specific norms of given indices and to define clearly the beginning of hemostasiopathy coming. High productivity of  Irshire cattle and great meaning of thrombocyte activity of its cubs enduced to make evaluation of blood platelets aggregation. The aim of the work: to define peculiarities of thrombocyte activity of Irshire breed healthy calves during milk nutrition phase. There was fulfilled the investigation of 65 milk nutrition calves of Irshire breed with the usage of  hematological research methods. The most active thrombocyte aggregation was noted for adenosine diphosfate being maximum to the end of investigation. Collagenous and rhystomitzine aggregation had less intensity and similar direction what indirectly pointed at not high collagen availability and not large Willybrand’s factor concentration in it. Deaggregative thrombocyte capabilities in response to all the used inductors in case of Irshire calves of milk nutrition had tendency to growth. Not high thrombocyte activity provides cattle of this breed during growth and development optimal conditions for  blood supply of growing and ripening organs.
On the Consideration of Environmental Factors and Social Milieu Effective in Iranian EFL Learners
Authors: Parvizi Gholam Reza , Mashayekh Jafar , Saremi Yasser
Published: October 2016

It has been known that teaching and learning a language in an ESL context is by far easier than teaching and learning it in an EFL context and that learning a language must take place in a social context. Foreign language milieus are those in which students do not have enough opportunities for communication in the target language beyond their classroom settings whereas in second language contexts, the target language is readily available out there (Brown, 2001). Given the important role that language learning resources could potentially play in EFL contexts, in the present study an attempt is made to shed light on the environmental factors and resources which Iranian language learners rely on and to explore the possible resources which exist around them and of which not all of them are necessarily aware. To this end, a group of students studying in Iran Language Institute in Shiraz was chosen. The data of the study were gathered through a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The findings suggested that they rely on very few resources outside the classroom setting. In addition, it was revealed that in an EFL context, such as Iran, there is a range of resources which foreign language learners could rely on and which could present them with opportunities in all four language skills.
The APPAC Randomized Clinical Trial1: Novas abordagens para tratamento de apendicite.
Authors: Ribeiro Batista Bruno , Blauth Fernando Gioppo , Carvalho Maurício
Published: October 2016

Novas técnicas diagnósticas e cirúrgicas para tratamento de apendicite foram incorporadas à prática. Nesse contexto, a tomografia computadorizada de abdômen conseguiu diagnosticar com acurácia próxima de 100%2, diminuindo a quantidade de cirurgias ditas brancas3 ou sem apêndice inflamado.O APPAC trial foi realizado para testar a hipótese de que o uso de ertapenem era tão bom quanto cirurgia para tratar apendicite não complicada. Trata-se de um estudo randomizado e controlado, de não inferioridade. Apesar de não conseguir mostrar o obejtivo inicial, não mostrando semelhança, foi provado que quase 75% das cirurgias foram evitadas com uso de antibiótico. Além disso, de maneira curiosa, houve menos complicações no grupo tratado inicialmente com cirurgia.
AÇÃO DE DERIVADOS DO ÁCIDO BETULÍNICO EM CÉLULAS DO TUMOR DE CÓRTEX ADRENAL
Authors: Martin Margot Marie , Yamaguchi Adriana Aya , Ribeiro Paloma Sabrina , Figueiredo Bonald Cavalvante , Bonatto Sandro José Ribeiro
Published: October 2016

FUNDAMENTO: O câncer de córtex de adrenal (TCA) é um câncer pediátrico que tem incidência relativamente baixa nos Estados Unidos, de 0,3 a cada milhão de crianças com idade menor do que 15 anos. Entretanto, este tumor, na região Sul do Brasil, tem uma incidência maior do que em outras áreas. Ainda é um tumor com prognostico desfavorável. Seu tratamento é cirúrgico e tem como quimioterapia adjuvante, o mitotano. O ácido betulínico é um composto natural descrito na literatura como potente citotóxico com índice terapêutico favorável.OBJETIVO: Este trabalho teve como intuito investigar o potencial de derivados do ácido betulínico em linhagens de H295R de TCA. MÉTODOS: Foi avaliada a viabilidade celular de H295R quando exposta ao DAB2 e ao DAB3 e comparada a de um grupo controle que não foi exposto a esses compostos. Numa segunda etapa do experimento, foi avaliada a viabilidade celular de fibroblastos, para estimar a seletividade dos derivados. RESULTADOS: A viabilidade celular de H295R diminuiu significativamente nas diluições de DAB2 1:1000 e nas diluições 1:5000 de DAB3. Nenhum dos compostos diminuiu significativamente a viabilidade dos fibroblastos. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados do presente estudo apontaram que os derivados de ácido betulínico DAB2 e DAB3 têm potencial para desenvolvimento de uma droga citotóxica para o TCA com índice terapêutico favorável.