bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Biostimulants on Tomato Plants Cultivated under Hydroponic Systems
Authors: Abdelkader Mostafa M. , Gaplaev Magomed S. , Terekbaev Aslambek A. , Puchkov Mikhail Y.
Published: October 2021

Two biostimulants, RutfarmMaxifol (Ascophyllum nodosum extract 17.5%, amino acids, macro- and microelements, Agromaster, Russia) and Radifarm (polysaccharides, glycosides, amino acids, and micro-elements; Valagro, Italy), were applied at different concentrations on tomato plants of the hybrid cultivar ‘Merlice’, grown under a hydroponic system. Biostimulants were applied in the form of seed soaking and twice as foliar sprayings at flowering and at the initial fruit development stages. Biostimulants were applied as water solutions at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg·L−1. Plant growth, productivity, and fruit quality parameters were determined at three points: 35, 70, and 105 days after seeding. All biostimulant treatments resulted in higher values of growth parameters and yield productivity in relation to the control. The application of biostimulants improved the parameters of the fruits’ quality by increasing the total soluble solids and antioxidants, ascorbic acid, and carotenoid contents but it did not affect tomato fruit acidity; therefore, tomato fruits from the treated plants were tastier than those from control.
Investigation of Lactate, Heart Rate and Handgrip Force Responses of Climbers
Authors: Bildircin Cemil Caglar
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Sport climbing, which is included in 2020 Olympic Games, is a new sport that is both recreational and performance-focused while being the subject of scientific research all around the world. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in lactate concentration, heart rate and handgrip forces all at once in the actual sport climbing competition.

Material and Methods. Thirteen male climbers volunteered for this study. The climbers climbed three different routes prepared according to the International Federation of Sport Climbing standards that are classified as easy, medium and difficult. Lactate, heart rate, dominant and non-dominant handgrip forces were measured for each route before climbing, immediately after, and during the third and fifth minutes after climbing. Climbing performance was determined using the number of holds that the competitor reached.

Results. We observed significantly higher post-lactate concentration in comparison to the pre-climbing values for all climbing routes (p < 0.05). Statistical observation shows that post-climbing heart rate values were considerably higher than the pre-climbing values for all three climbing trials (p < 0.05). There were also statistically significant differences in climbing performance and handgrip force between the three routes (p < 0.05).

Conclusions. According to the results of this study, significant increases were noted in all three climbing routes relative to the pre-climb in lactate, heart rate and climbing performance data between the routes.
Corporate Security in Tourism: The Example of Slovenia
Authors: Repnik Sebastjan , Antošová Gabriela
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Tourism is part of the global security space and is the largest global industry with the highest levels of annual growth. In recent years, the issue of security has begun to significantly impact the development of tourism. This requires answers regarding the satisfaction of tourists from security, cultural, economic and sociological perspectives.

Material and Methods. Our research problem is aimed at corporate security in health resorts (one of the conditions for establishing a health resort is e.g. the surrounding environment, natural mineral water), which differs from the security present in hotels or other tourist facilities. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, we developed a new theoretical model of corporate security in health resort tourism where we applied both a qualitative and quantitative paradigm in this research. In the qualitative part of this study, we collected data using the methods of document analysis and interviews and processed it in the software Atlas.ti. In the quantitative part, we collected data using a survey questionnaire and analysed the results using the SPSS software

Results. The study will contribute an original theoretical model of corporate security in Slovenian health resort tourism to the treasure trove of knowledge and it will be possible to theoretically verify it and apply it in health resorts.

Conclusions. In this way, we opened up the theoretical and practical dimensions of poorly researched field of security in Slovenian health resorts and, in doing so, contribute to the better understanding and improving of models of corporate security in health resort tourism.
Sustainable Urban Tourism Development and Quality of Life: A Case of Kampung Bharu, Kuala Lumpur
Authors: Hanafiah Mohd Hafiz , Amir Ahmad Fitri , Kamal Nurul Nazirah Shamsul , Saharuddin Nur Nabihah
Published: October 2021

Introduction. With the transformation of Kuala Lumpur as a mega city and the boom of Malaysian urban tourism, understanding the interaction between tourism and local community livability is important for sustainable urban tourism development.

Material and methods. Founded in 1899, Kampung Bharu is a famous traditional Malay village facing conflicting urban development and local community livability issues. Thus, to understand the local community perception of urban tourism development and its effect on their quality of life, this study investigates the effect of sustainable tourism development on the local Kampung Bharu community’s quality of life. This study collected 364 valid responses from the local community through a self-administered survey.

Results. The study confirms that economic and environmental impacts of urban tourism development deteriorate the local community’s quality of life. However, the socio-cultural impacts of urban tourism development positively and significantly enhance the quality of life of the local community in Kampung Bharu.

Conclusions. The study highlighted the importance of the local community’s perceptions, community attachment, and perceived quality of life to destination managers responsible for planning and developing future tourism projects. Several limitations and recommendations for future research are presented.
The Relationship between Natural Radioactivity of Al-Rohban Soil in Al-Najaf Governorate and Its Microbial Content
Authors: Al-Rammahi Samah O. , Mahmood Huda M. , Hachim Alia F.
Published: October 2021

The present study was designed to explore the relationship between radioactivity at Al-Rohban soil in Al-Najaf Governorate, located 30 km away from Najaf city center, and its microbial content. The radiological survey was conducted by γ–ray spectrometry, using purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. A selected surface soil layer (10 cm depth, 50 and 100 m expansion) was tested. The physical analyses were conducted in the Ministry of Environment, Center for Prevention of Radiation. The results showed that the estimated concentrations of Bi-214, Ra-226, Ac-228, Th-232, K-40 and Cs-137 were 47.93, 81.87, 5.03, 1.63, 126.3 and 3.5 Bq/Kg, respectively. Isotopes average concentrations were equivalent to the lowest specified International Atomic Energy standards. As related to the analysis of bacterial content in the soil sample, the total cell count (in cells per gram of soil) in the different areas studied (R1, R2, R3 and R4) had values of 70000, 200, 60000 and 300 cell/gm., respectively. The statistical analysis of these results revealed no relationship between radioactivity and microorganisms existence.
Problemática sobre la disponibilidad del agua en el periodo de estiaje del río Pixquiac, Veracruz
Authors: Menchaca Dávila Socorro , Ulloa Gutiérrez Victoria
Published: October 2021

En este artículo se analiza la sequía hidrológica del río Pixquiac, en relación a la disponibilidad de agua, usos y factores relacionados con la variación del recurso hídrico de acuerdo con la percepción y opinión de los habitantes que viven en el contexto cercano al cuerpo de agua, encontrando que el caudal y la precipitación están disminuyendo; y que existe una presión sobre el recurso hídrico, por actividades de carácter antrópico que la comunidad aledaña al río realiza por usos domésticos, agrícolas, pecuarios y acuacultura, lo que afecta sensiblemente al cuerpo de agua natural
The motive behind the demand for cryptocurrencies: Theoretical and empirical analysis of the Bitcoin
Authors:   Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences & CNCC, Beijing 102488, China, Zhang Mengshi , Jia Daniel L. ,   Development Research Center of the State Council (DRC), Beijing 100010, China
Published: October 2021

The blockchain technology and cryptocurrency are now in the centre of the financial market. The raise of the cryptocurrencies represented by Bitcoin have attracted a large group of scholars to analyze the underlying dynamics of their price fluctuations. Intensive debate emerged on the intrinsic features of Bitcoin. In theoretical analysis, we developed the principle of monetary convention to define the concept of monetary consensus, capturing the nature of monetary system, and categorize it into three types: traditional, algorithm and hybrid. Based on the Wavelet Coherence Analysis, we try to analyze Bitcoin price dynamics in both time and frequency domains, comparing Bitcoin with financial assets, economic and financial indexes, and other cryptocurrencies.
TERRITORIOS E IDENTIDADES
Authors: MOTTA GONZALEZ NANCY
Published: October 2021

La presente conferencia trata de cómo las categorías de identidad, etnicidad, cultura, raza, se han trabajado en América Latina y Colombia desde perspectivas esencialistas e instrumentistas y cuál es la moderna posición epistemológica desde el discurso alternativo de las identidades en el contexto de la globalización. Se presenta una visión conceptual desde distintos enfoques teóricos para abordar la etnicidad y la identidad, cuál ha sido el discurso manejado en América Latina y en Colombia desde una perspectiva historiográfica y cómo se liga la identidad a los territorios. Se analizan ejemplos de recuperación étnica e identitaria de pueblos indios y pueblos negros en diferentes regiones, las poblaciones migrantes y sus procesos de relocalización y apropiación de nuevos espacios, configurando una cultura apropiada en donde identidad yterritorio se redefinen.Lo que se pretende mostrar es que la identidad y la etnicidad han de ser analizados en la globalización desde la dimensión histórica y desde la dimensión de lo híbrido y de cara frente a sus territorios. La identidades se reescriben en lo individual y en lo colectivo, se movilizan desde lo simbólico y lo cultural, se desterritorializan y se reterritorializan, circulan en el espacio y en los imaginarios, promueven prácticas ideológicas-políticas, y elaboran nuevas formas y dispositivos culturales con los cuáles construyen procesos identitarios y étnicos.
TEOLOGÍA DE LA LIBERACIÓN EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Mesa Villegas Andrea
Published: October 2021

Si usted nunca ha escuchado acerca de la teología de la liberación, este libro es un buen acercamiento para saber de qué trata. Escrito en un lenguaje sencillo el historiador Antonio José Echeverry, hace un recuento histórico de cómo ha sido y es este proceso en Colombia desde la colonia, contextualizando local, continental y mundialmente con hechos las nuevas reflexiones religiosas, para dar a entender que los procesos de la teología de la liberación en Colombia son tanto resultado de un proceso como de circunstancias que la impulsan.
Using correlation matrices in predicting airline performance
Authors:   Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation, Feoktistova O. G. , Potapova D. Yu. ,   Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation
Published: October 2021

The article considers the issue of making forecasts of the main indicators of the activities of airlines for their effective functioning in the air transportation market. It describes the life cycle of airlines and provides a classification of the forecasts that are currently being made. The interrelation of correlations of the key parameters of the airline’s functioning is considered, the use of correlations in forecasting is shown, actual calculations are presented, and a significant increase in forecast accuracy when using this forecasting method is demonstrated.
Experimental studies of profile joints of machine parts under cyclic loading conditions
Authors:   Irkutsk State Transport University, Ilyinykh V. A.
Published: October 2021

The increasing demands on the quality of machines, in particular multipurpose CNC machines, determine the tasks aimed at improving the designs of their critical components. The aim of the work is to ensure the accuracy, contact rigidity and durability of torquetransmitting connections of spindle assemblies during reusable replacements of auxiliary tools based on the use of conical profile connections with an equiaxed contour. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of these compounds on models that are made of optically active materials, which allows us to visually study the processes of contact interaction of profile parts under cyclic loading conditions. The method of static photoelasticity in the study of flat profile joints with an equiaxed contour made it possible to establish based on the analysis of isochrome patterns, that the change in the values of maximum tangential stresses per revolution of the profile joint is subject to a pulsation cycle.
Modeling technological development of petrochemical enterprises in context of «Industry 4.0»
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, Lubninа A. A. , Farrakhova A. A. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University
Published: October 2021

With the transition of technological systems to the path of Industry 4.0, an urgent task is to assess the current level of industrial development of petrochemical enterprises. The purpose of the article is to identify trends in the technological development of petrochemical enterprises within the framework of the Industry 4.0 concept. The obtained results of the study are of great importance for petrochemical enterprises and can also be useful for relevant ministries and departments to assess the level of development of various industries.
The task of prognostication main indicators of air company
Authors:   Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation, Potapova D. Yu.
Published: October 2021

The issue of improving the efficiency of the functioning of airlines in the air transportation market is considered. A statistical and mathematical model has been developed and allows us to make a prognosis of the main indicators of the airline’s activity. This model is a distribution of a random variable, which distribution density is described by the Gauss’ Law. The influence of the correlation coefficient value on the accuracy of the prognosis, the average quadratic values on the mathematical expectation of the predicted value is shown. The given model allows to increase the accuracy of the prognosis of the indicators of the airline work.
Body Image Dissatisfaction in The Youth of India: And the Effects on Self-Esteem
Authors: Vasudeva Bhawini
Published: October 2021

The aim to conduct this research is to enlighten the impact of body image dissatisfaction on an individual’s self-esteem and to examine whether there is a gender difference in this case or not. There are a total of 220 numbers of participants, with equal number of males and females in the sample set. The tool that’d be using here is a modified short version of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) by Cooper et. Al. in the year in 1987 and The Rosenberg self-esteem scale by Morris Rosenberg (RSES) in the year 1965. The current research proved that whenever there’ll be higher body image dissatisfaction, it’ll result in less self-esteem. Other than that, it stated that females (M= 22.69 and SD= 3.64) have a higher mean score in body image dissatisfaction than and males (M=23.28 and SD= 3.6), therefore, the men have a higher mean score of self-esteem than females.
Countering The Rise in Covid-19 Related Procrastination: An Intervention Study
Authors: . Ananya , Katoch Simran , . Tanishqa
Published: October 2021

The lockdown due to Covid-19 has propelled a lot of individuals to procrastinate more and deviate from their usual standards of well-being. Procrastination becomes unhealthy for the youth as it involves a harmful delay of tasks that turns into dysfunction. A total of 27 individuals in the 18-25 age group met the sampling criteria and are selected to undergo various interventions for three weeks. The underlying assumption is that the lockdown is related to an increase in procrastination due to numerous factors. The present study is a pre and post design to understand how the interventions made a difference. Lay’s General Procrastination Scale (1986) is used along with a brief qualitative interview to assess the results. The research hypothesis suggests that helpful interventions lead to a decrease in Procrastination. Results show 100% decrease in procrastination levels with significance beyond 0.001 level at the end of interventions, hence, the hypothesis is proved. The study confirms that simple interventions such as mindfulness, physical activity, meditation can be applied to effectively tackle procrastination and enhance well-being.
Psychological Well-Being, Mindfulness, and Impact of Stressful Events among Indian Teachers during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nataraj Bhuvana Manohari , Reddy K. Jayasankara
Published: October 2021

Lockdown efforts introduced as response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted various facets of life including the educational sector. This study focuses on teachers’ mental health during this period. Research indicates positive mental health offsets negative impact of stress. The relationship of mental health assets such as psychological well-being, and mindfulness to COVID-19 event related stress is examined in this study. Teachers in India were approached through social media using snowball sampling to complete a survey. The survey consisted of the short version of Scales of Psychological Well-being (SPWB; Ryff, 1989), Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale – Revised (CAMS-R; Feldman et al., 2007), and Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R; Creamer, Bell, & Failla, 2003). Results indicate that there is moderate negative correlation between psychological well-being and impact of event, and between mindfulness and impact of event. Psychological well-being and mindfulness and positively correlated. This indicates that presence of positive mental health components can imply lower stress response during the pandemic. Further study will help identify causal direction among the variables, which can inform mental health programs.
Development of Constructive Coping Scale
Authors: Chindankutty Ms. Nambiar Veena , Kumar Dr. S. Vinod
Published: October 2021

The present study aimed to develop a measurement scale for constructive coping, which is a significant concept in the coping process. Constructive coping refers to efforts to deal with a stressful event that is considered relatively healthy. Therefore, understanding the relationship between coping processes and adaptation outcomes has become a major concern among stress researchers. The items were designed in the form of statements on a Five-Point Likert scale. The population sample included postgraduate students between 20 and 23 years old. A sample size of 511 was considered, of which 357 were females and 154 males. Item analysis was performed using Mathew Item Analysis table and item selection was performed using the highest correlation values (Phi) and medium P values. The final scale consists of twenty-one items for which Split-Half Reliability, as well as validity using coefficients of Pearson and Spearman’s Rank correlation, were calculated respectively.
Development of a model of Home-based Cancer Palliative Care Services in Mumbai - Analysis of Real-world Research Data over 5 Years
Authors: Dhiliwal Sunil Rameshchandra , Ghoshal Arunangshu , Dighe Manjiri Pushpak , Damani Anuja , Deodhar Jayita , Chandorkar Shalaka , Muckaden Mary Ann
Published: October 2021

Objectives:

Patients needing palliative care prefer to be cared for in the comfort of their homes. Although private home health-care services are entering the health-care ecosystem in India, for the majority it is still institution-based. Here, we describe a model of home-based palliative care developed by the Tata Memorial Hospital, a government tertiary care cancer hospital.

Materials and Methods:

Data on patient demographics, services provided and outcomes were collected prospectively for patients for the year November 2013 - October 2019. In the 1st year, local general physicians were trained in palliative care principles, bereavement services and out of hours telephone support were provided. In the 2nd year, data from 1st year were analysed and discussed among the study investigators to introduce changes. In the 3rd year, the updated patient assessment forms were implemented in practice. In the 4th year, the symptom management protocol was implemented. In the 5th and 6th year, updated process of patient assessment data and symptom management protocol was implemented as a complete model of care.

Results:

During the 6 years, 250 patients were recruited, all suffering from advanced cancer. Home care led to good symptom control, improvement of quality of life for patients and increased satisfaction of caregivers during the care process and into bereavement.

Conclusion:

A home-based model of care spared patients from unnecessary hospital visits and was successful in providing client centred care. A multidisciplinary team composition allowed for holistic care and can serve as a model for building palliative care capacity in low- and middle-income countries.
Challenges to Family Caregivers in Caring for Gastric Cancer Patients from Perspectives of Family Caregivers, Patients, and Healthcare Providers: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Taleghani Fariba , Ehsani Maryam , Farzi Sedigheh , Farzi Saba , Adibi Peyman , Moladoost Azam , Shahriari Mohsen , Tabakhan Mahnaz
Published: October 2021

Objectives:

Cancer affects both patients and their families. Sometimes, the effects of cancer on families are greater than its effects on patients. Family caregivers play significant roles in care for patients with cancer. Nonetheless, the data on the challenges they face in caregiving are limited. The present study explored the perspectives of patients with gastric cancer (GC), their family caregivers, and healthcare providers regarding family caregivers’ challenges in caregiving to patients with GC.

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive exploratory qualitative study was conducted in 2019–2020. Six GC patients, six family caregivers, three physicians, and five nurses took part for a total of twenty participants. Purposive sampling was performed, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews and continued up to data saturation. Conventional content analysis was used for data analysis.

Results:

Caregivers’ challenges in caregiving to patients with GC were grouped into five main categories, namely, lengthy process of GC diagnosis, delivery of bad news, management of physical symptoms, altered relationships, and psychological consequences, and 14 subcategories.

Conclusion:

Educating the public about the primary symptoms of GC and the importance of timely seeking medical care as well as using culturally appropriate protocols for delivering bad news is recommended. Empowering family caregivers for the effective management of GC symptoms and caregiving-related challenges are also recommended to reduce their caregiver burden.
Implantation of multifocal lens in cataract surgery in patients after vitreoretinal surgery
Authors:   «Eye surgery clinic «Retina+», Altynbaev U.R.
Published: October 2021

Purpose. To study the results of cataract surgery with implantation of multifocal IOLs in patients with various retinal pathologies who underwent vitreoretinal surgery. Material and мethods. Fifteen patients who had previously undergone vitreoretinal interventions for macular hole (n=6), epiretinal membrane (n=4) and retinal detachment (n=5) were observed. The criterion for choosing in favor of multifocal lens implantation was high visual acuity (0.7 or more) after undergoing vitreoretinal surgery. All patients underwent cataract phacoemulsification with implantation of two types of multifocal lenses: I group – IOL with an extended near focus (EDOF) (n=8) and II group – with a multifocal three-focus lens (n=7 eyes), including, in 3 cases – with toric component. In 55% of cases, the operation was performed on both eyes. The age of the patients varied from 34 to 59 years (51.4 ± 6.1 years). Results. Long-distance uncorrected visual acuity varied from 0.7 to 1.0 (0.85±0.25), which did not depend on the type of intraocular lens and correlated with morphological changes in the macular region of the retina. The highest uncorrected visual acuity (0.8±0.14) at an intermediate and near distance (0.75±0.25) was achieved in I group of patients. Postoperative spherical equivalent after 1 month corresponded to the planned target refraction (Em±0.5 diopters) in 14 cases and remained stable during 12 months of observation. In general, subjective satisfaction with MIOL implantation was higher in patients in II group, which was explained by minimal changes in the macular region of the retina. Additional spectacle correction for near was required for a patient of I group with a history of macular rupture, who underwent bilateral multifocal IOL implantation with high uncorrected visual acuity in the distance (OD=1.0 \ OS=1.0) and near (OD=0.6 \ OS=0,5). Conclusion. Implantation of multifocal lenses in patients with a good anatomical and functional outcome of vitreoretinal surgery allows obtaining high and stable functional results. Bilateral implantation of a multifocal lens with an extended near focus in patients with operated macular pathology does not cause specific adaptive difficulties in binocular vision. The choice in favor of multifocal lens implantation in patients with vitreoretinal pathology requires an individual approach and careful selection. Key words: multifocal lens, cataract, macular hole, retinal detachment, epiretinal membrane.
Method of phacoemulsification of cataract in patients with angle-closure glaucoma
Authors:   Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Khaliavinskaya О.V. , Krasilnikava V.L. ,   Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education
Published: October 2021

Purpose. To study of effectivity and safety the proposed method phacoemulsification cataract of patients with close-angle glaucoma. Methods. Under control was 76 patients (76 eyes) with different degree of tubidity of lens and close-angle glaucoma. Was allocated 3 clinical's groops: I patients with cataract and who was operated close-angle glaucoma, II patients with with cataract and not operated glaucoma, III control group. Results. Patients of I and II clinical group phacoemulsification cataract was carried out by the proposed method. In control group phacoemulsification was carried out by the classical technique. Ophtalmological examination was performed before surgery, on the first day after surgery and by the all period of staying in the hospital. Observation period – 6 months. Conclusion. Тhe proposed method allows to perform the phacoemulsification cataract of patients with close-angle glaucoma with shallow anterior camera and posterior synechiae. Authentically can say, that level of intoocular pressure in 1 and 2 groups dropped on 38% and 37%, in control group this index compose 23%. When performing an operation by the proposed method managed to reduce the proportion of inraoperative complications on 34%. The proposed method easy to performed and safe. Key words: close-angle glaucoma, cataract, phacoemulsification cataract, angle anterior camera, posterior synechiae, anterior camera.
Assessment of changes in the biomechanical properties of the cornea after FemtoLASIK surgery
Authors:   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, St. Petersburg branch, Boiko E.V. ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov,   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Togo E.S. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, St. Petersburg branch,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Litvin I.B. ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Kachanov A.B. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, St. Petersburg branch,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Published: October 2021

Purpose. The aim of the study is to investigate the biomechanical properties of the cornea before and after FemtoLASIK in patients with myopia. Material and methods. 24 patients (42 eyes) underwent refractive vision correction using the FemtoLASIK method. The Oculus CORVIS ST ® device (Oculus, Germany) was used to assess the biomechanical properties of the cornea. Results. A statistically significant decrease in the rigidity and strength of the cornea was noted after keratorefractive surgery. Conclusion. Refractive surgery using FemtoLASIK technology leads to a decrease in the rigidity of the cornea, and therefore to a reduction in its framework properties. Key words: refractive surgery, FemtoLASIK, myopia, laser correction, biomechanical properties of the cornea, Oculus CORVIS ST ®.
Analysis of changes in corneal biomechanical properties using the CORVIS ST device (Oculus, Germany) in patients with myopia and myopic astigmatism after PRK
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Kutuzova Y.V. , Shishkin S.A. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Dutchin I.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Sorokin E.L. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation,   Far-Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

Purpose. To analyze changes in corneal biomechanical properties after refractive surgery of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in patients with myopia and myopic astigmatism. Material and methods. The study included 10 patients (20 eyes) aged 23 to 51 years, planned for keratorefractive surgery for myopia and myopic astigmatism. Spheroequivalent of myopic refraction was -2.5 to -9.25 diopters, corneal astigmatism: -0.5 to 4.25 diopters. Patients underwent keratotopography using Pentacam scanning projection topograph (Oculus, Germany) and study of cornea biomechanical properties using Corvis ST non-contact tonometer (Oculus, Germany) at baseline and 1 month after surgery using the PRK technique. Results. Initially, in 3 patients (30%), keratotopogram showed elevation along posterior corneal surface (up to +26) and increase in corneal curvature in lower sections. Tomographic Biomechanical Index in all 10 patients ranged from 0.01 to 0.46, with 3 of them exceeding 0.3. Central Corneal Thickness in all patients averaged 514 ± 31 µm, of which 7 patients (70%) had 500 µm or less. Month after surgery only two indicators revealed statistically significant difference: Inverse Concave Radius (on average 5.95 ± 0.79 mm before surgery and 7.02 ± 0.70 mm after) and the Central Corneal Thickness (514 ± 31 µm before surgery and 410 ± 41 µm after). Conclusion. When selecting patients for keratorefractive surgery, it is imperative to take into account the initial corneal biomechanical properties to select the optimal technique in each specific case. Key words: corneal biomechanical properties, photorefractive keratectomy, myopia, myopic astigmatism.
Features of intraoperative pachymetry in fractional laser keratomylosis of myopia by FemtoLASIK method
Authors:   OOO «CDC «OCULUS» Krasnoyarsk, Toropov V.O. , Kozina E.V. ,   OOO «CDC «OCULUS» Krasnoyarsk, Toropov A.V. ,   FSBEI VPO KrasSMU named after prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky of the Ministry of Health of Russia
Published: October 2021

Comparison of preoperative pachymetry with intraoperative pachymetry; evaluation of the features of intraoperative pachymetry during surgery, practical application. Material and methods. The analysis of the results of 58 operations for myopia by the FemtoLASIK method was carried out. Femtosecond laser is a Ziemer femtosecond laser. Refractive ablation – with a SCHWIND Amaris 750 S excimer laser with integrated OCP. Pachymetry was performed in the center of the cornea at the diagnostic stage and during the operation: before the formation of the flap, after the formation and removal of the flap, and after the completion of ablation. Results. It was statistically reliably revealed that intraoperative pachymetry during FemtoLASIK differs from the planned one. The regularity is associated with the process of hydration of the corneal stroma during vacuum fixation of a femtosecond laser and with the process of dehydration during laser ablation. Conclusion. The obtained results allow us to speak about step-by-step control of the corneal thickness during FemtoLASIK and comparison of the planned parameters with those measured during the operation, as a way to timely detect deviations from the operation plan and, as a result, reduce the risk of pathological corneal thinning. In cases where the values of the corneal thickness in the central zone before the operation and the flap thickness correspond to the preoperative plan, the discrepancy between the planned RST indicator and its actual measured value during the operation is not critical. Key words: FemtoLASIK, intraoperative pachymetry, residual thickness of the stromal bed, hydration, corneal dehydration.
Comparative analysis of incidence of dry eye syndrome after ReLEx SMILE and FemtoLASIK keratorefractive surgeries
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Pilipenko A.D. , Burya R.A. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Romanova A.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Sorokin E.L. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation,   Far-Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

The main factor in pathogenesis of postoperative dry eye syndrome (DES) is damage to subbasal nerve plexus and stromal nerve endings. Taking into account the different principles of photorefractive effect on cornea of FemtoLASIK and ReLEx SMILE technologies, we decided on our own clinical experience to evaluate incidence of this undesirable complication. Purpose. Comparative study of frequency and timing of relief of postoperative DES after FemtoLASIK and ReLEx SMILE in patients with myopia. Material and methods. The study involved 32 patients (64 eyes) with varying degrees of myopia. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1st group - 17 patients (34 eyes) after FemtoLASIK surgery, 2nd group - 15 people (30 eyes) after ReLEx SMILE procedure. Control group consist of 15 patients with comparable myopia who had not undergone refractive surgery was also observed. Patients underwent an assessment of the OSDI index, Norn and Schirmer tests, as well as degree of staining of anterior ocular surface 1, 6 and 12 months after refractive surgery. Results. There was statistically significant difference in total tear production, in tear breakup time (TBUT) and in the OSDI index between study groups 1 month after surgery in favor of ReLEx SMILE procedure. After 6 months, TBUT after FemtoLASIK significantly differed from control values. 12 months after surgery, studied parameters did not differ significantly from control. Conclusion. According to our datas, ReLEx SMILE procedure has lower negative effect on ocular surface compared to FemtoLASIK technique, which is manifested by less pronounced subjective symptoms of DES, as well as their faster relief. Key words: dry eye syndrome, ReLEx SMILE, FemtoLASIK.
Case of acute intraoperative opacification of the intraocular lens
Authors:   Kirov Eye Hospital, Gavrilova I.A. ,   Kirov State Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, Kudriavtseva I.V. ,   Kirov Eye Hospital,   Kirov State Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health
Published: October 2021

Cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation is one of the most frequently performed and safest surgical procedures worldwide. But cases of visual impairment after surgery associated with impaired transparency of the IOL are described. Most often, IOL opacity occurs in the late postoperative period, several months or years after implantation and develops gradually. At the same time, there are periodic reports of sudden cloudiness of the intraocular lens during its implantation. This "behavior" of the intraocular lens is always stressful for the surgeon and makes it necessary to choose: explant the IOL or wait. Рurpose. To analyze the case of acute intraoperative opacification of the IOL. Material and methods. In January 2019, within one operating day, we recorded 5 cases of acute opacification of hydrophilic acrylic IOL (I-flex, Germany) during implantation. In the first 5 patients on this operating day, the surgeon discovered IOL opacification immediately after implantation. When the lenses were installed in the injector cartridge, the transparency of the intraocular lenses was preserved. All other IOLs implanted that day were transparent. The surgeon chose a wait and see tactic. Results. Patients were monitored, within a day, the transparency of the lenses was completely restored, the visual functions were high. Discussion. We associate IOL clouding with a sharp temperature drop, since the lenses were delivered to the clinic in the morning immediately before the operations, by car during the cold season (the air temperature outside reached -19° С). During implantation, a temperature drop occurred, which led to temporary turbidity of the polymer. However, within a few hours after the operation, the opacity was resolved and the transparency of the lenses was completely restored within a day. Key words: phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation, intraocular lens opacification.
Study of regularities of anatomical shape of eyeball at weak zinn support in patients with senile uncomplicated cataract
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Krivko S.V. , Pashentsev Y.E. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Sorokin E.L. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation,   Far-Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

As experience shows, periodically after the planned cataract surgery with the implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL) into the capsule bag and uncomplicated course of the early postoperative period, there are cases of spontaneous dislocation of the "IOL – capsule bag" complex later. Their frequency is 0.2–2.8% of all cases of IOL dislocations. This is due to the initial weakness of the fibers of the zonule of Zinn, which was not detected during the preoperative examination. Purpose. To study the variants of the anatomical shape of the eyeball in patients with weak of the zonule of Zinn. Material and methods. The clinical material is presented by 30 patients with senile cataracts. Their ages ranged from 53 to 75 years old. The main group consisted of 15 patients with 1st degree lens subluxation. The comparison group included 15 patients without signs of weakness in zonule of Zinn support. The anatomical shape of the eyeball was evaluated. For this, the anteroposterior axis (APA) and transverse axis (TA) of the eyeball were measured, followed by calculation of the variant of the anatomical shape of the eye, using the assessment of options for the APA / TA ratio. Results. When using a comparative assessment of the values of the ratio APA / TA, a statistically significant difference between the groups of 1.10±0.04 versus 1.05±0.05 was revealed (Student's t test, p = 0.004). This indicates that the shape of the eyes in the form of a more elongated ellipsoid prevailed statistically significantly in the main group. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate an objective tendency towards the predominance of the anatomical shape of the eye in the form of a more elongated ellipsoid. It is possible that this fact is of clinical significance for the development of weakness of the zonule of Zinn support in the main group. Key words: the zonule of Zinn, weakness of the zonule of Zinn support, senile cataract, anatomical shape of the eye, anteroposterior axis of the eye, transverse axis of the eye.
Comparative analysis of ultrasound biomicroscopy between femto-assisted and ultrasound cataract removal in case of lens subluxation
Authors:   Center for Laser Vision Correction and Microsurgery, Saratov, Ait Ahmed K. , Maksimov V. ,   Center for Laser Vision Correction and Microsurgery, Saratov, Maksimov M. ,   Center for Laser Vision Correction and Microsurgery, Saratov, Akchurin G. ,   Center for Laser Vision Correction and Microsurgery, Saratov
Published: October 2021

Purpose of the study to carry out a comparative analysis of the state of the zonular fibers before and after surgery on UBM between femtolaser assisted and classical ultrasound cataract removal. Material and methods. 19 patients (38 eyes) with age-related cataracts. 22 eyes were with pseudo-exfoliative syndrome. All patients were examined with grade 1 lens subluxation. The first group of 19 eyes underwent cataract femto-phacoemulsification. The second group included 19 eyes without using a femtolaser. The state of the fibers was determined on the UBM on the fifth day after the operation at the end of antibiotic therapy. Results. The data showed the presence of a statistically significant difference between the group with femto-assistance and the group without it. In the first group, UBM analysis showed that the state of the zonular fibers remained in the same state in 16 of 19 eyes. In the second group, 11 of 19 eyes required ring implantation with suturing to the sclera and 3 required IOL implantation with seamless fixation to the sclera and vitrectomy. Conclusions. The appropriate path to surgery depends on the most accurate objective assessment of the condition of the lens ligaments, since the position of the IOL is one of the main factors for a good result expected by the patient after surgery. Reducing the «trauma» of the eye with lens surgery has been a key success factor and femtolaser guidance provides valuable assistance in obtaining it. Key words: lens subluxation, femtosecond laser, UBM.
Ocular manifestations in patients who underwent COVID-19 in the early stages after Phaco surgery with implantation of IOL
Authors:   Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Eye Microsurgery, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Savranova T.N. , Rozukulov V.U. ,   Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Eye Microsurgery, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Yusupov A.F. ,   Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Eye Microsurgery, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Published: October 2021

Purpose. To study the ocular manifestations in patients with pseudophakia who underwent COVID-19 during the rehabilitation period after surgery. Material and methods. 46 patients with Phaco with implantation of IOL who underwent COVID-19 in the period from 1 week to 2 months after surgery. Of the examined patients, there were 28 men (61%), 18 women (391%). The average age of the patients was 63±1,2 years. Results. In 78% of cases, vascular pathology of the anterior and posterior segments of the eyeball was observed in patients who underwent COVID-19 in the early postoperative period after Phaco with implantation of IOL. Conclusions. The main ocular symptoms from the anterior segment of the eyeball in patients in 17% of cases were the occurrence or intensification of previously existing manifestations of the «dry eye» syndrome, as well as inflammatory phenomena from the anterior part of the uveal tract. From the posterior segment of the eye, in 70% of cases, there was a progression of vascular disorders, as well as the appearance of complications associated with manifestations of hypercoagulation syndrome and systemic vasculopathy. Key words: Covid-19, cataract phacoemulsification, pseudophakia.
Islamic Veil: The Issue of Minors
Authors: Tokrri Renata
Published: October 2021

An important aspect of the Albanian public debate on the exposure of religious symbols concerned minors. In fact, the proposed government law of 2011 was addressed to a category of public school education, that is, regarding students from kindergarten to secondary school. The Islamic veil was always at the center of the debate, but in this case the prohibition was justified as it was aimed at an age group that did not have the ability to make decisions and make choices independently, as in Muslim religion it is expected that a post-pubertal girl must wear a headscarf. In fact, in this case the decision-making passes to the parents, who have the right to educate their children according to the dictates of his own conscience. It is stressed that the same circumstance also applies to other religions, where the decision is always made by parents, such as baptism in the Catholic religion. In particular, the Article 24 of the Albanian Constitution, explicitly sanctions the freedom of each person to choose their belief and the prohibition that no one should be forced to participate in the life of a religious community or its practices. The question that arises in this case is whether this constitutional article also protects this category of subjects or only those who have reached the age of majority? The answer is complex and delicate, even to date the Albanian legislator has not remedied it since no one has appealed.Keyword: Albanian constitution, freedom of religion, religious symbols, Islamic headscarf, the right to educate your own children.
Albanian and English Hand in Hand Phraseologically
Authors: Gaba Arben
Published: October 2021

Phraseological expressions which contain at least one body-part are common in all the languages. In this paper we want to compare those kinds of expressions which are formed with the word dorë/ duar in Albanian and hand in English. Our expressions are extracted both form monolingual and bilingual Albanian and English phraseological dictionaries. The expressions we have chosen are analysed from the cognitive standpoint, i.e. when we look at the expressions we try to gain an insight into how these two peoples, speaking languages which are distantly related and different in terms of organisation, see and conceptualize the world around them and as a result shape it linguistically. This process has undoubtedly attracted the attention of researchers (and the resulting ongoing debate) around the world. In order to see how comparable the world view and cultures of these two languages and peoples are we compare the syntactic and semantic structure of phraseological expressions containing the relevant body-part term.