bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Loss of Heterozygosity in Atypical and Negative Bile Duct Brushing Cytology Specimens With Malignant Outcome: Are “False-Negative” Cytologic Findings a Representation of Morphologically Subtle Molecular Alterations?
Authors: Krishnamurti Uma , Sasatomi Eizaburo , Swalsky Patricia A. , Finkelstein Sydney D. , Ohori N. Paul
Published: February 2021

Context.—Conventional cytologic evaluation of bile duct brushings for neoplasia has high specificity but relatively low sensitivity.

Objective.—The aim of this pilot study was to examine whether K-ras mutations and loss of heterozygosity for multiple microsatellite markers in bile duct brushings would contribute to the detection of malignancy in cases initially reported as “negative” or “atypical.”

Design.—Bile duct brushing specimens with a negative or an atypical cytologic result (9 cases) had a benign result on the surgical pathology specimen, and 9 additional negative or atypical cases demonstrated adenocarcinoma on the resected surgical specimen. Cells from representative cytopathology and histology slides were microdissected and analyzed for K-ras mutations and for loss of heterozygosity with a panel of 15 polymorphic markers on chromosomes 1p, 3p, 5q, 9p, 9q, 10q, 17p, and 22q.

Results.—Among cytology cases with malignant outcome, loss of heterozygosity or K-ras mutation was detected in 8 (88.8%) of 9 cases. In the corresponding 9 surgical pathology specimens with adenocarcinoma, K-ras mutations and/or allelic losses were detected in all (100%). Loss of heterozygosity or K-ras mutation was not detected in cytology cases that had a benign surgical outcome. The fractional allelic loss of these 9 cytology specimens ranged from 0 to 0.25 (mean, 0.14). This compared with the fractional allelic loss ranging from 0.15 to 0.42 (mean, 0.27) for the corresponding surgical specimens.

Conclusions.—This pilot study suggests that low-level fractional allelic loss or K-ras mutation in the negative/ atypical cytology samples with malignant outcome is a representation of morphologically subtle molecular alterations.
Mucin Expression in Reactive Gastropathy: An Immunohistochemical Analysis
Authors: Mino-Kenudson Mari , Tomita Shigeki , Lauwers Gregory Y.
Published: February 2021

Context.—Reactive gastropathy is the second most common diagnosis made on gastric biopsies. Increased epithelial proliferation and modifications of epithelial cytokeratin profile, distinct from those of Helicobacter pylori gastritis, have been previously reported. However, the evaluation of mucins, important components of the protective mucosal mucous layer, has not been reported.

Objective.—To investigate alterations of membrane and secreted mucins in reactive gastropathy of various etiologies using antibodies against mucin glycoproteins.

Design.—Thirty-eight gastric biopsies diagnosed as reactive gastropathy, related to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (n = 18) or bile reflux (n = 6) or of indeterminate etiology (n = 14), were evaluated using antibodies to MUC1, MUC5AC, MUC6, and MUC2. All cases were confirmed to be negative for H pylori. The biopsies were classified in 3 groups based on the severity of cytoarchitectural changes (mild, moderate, and severe). Mucin expression and its distribution were recorded and the results correlated with the cytoarchitectural alterations and etiologies.

Results.—Loss of MUC1, either patchy or complete, was noted in 67% of the cases. Aberrant expression of MUC5AC in pyloric glands was observed in 81% of the cases, and aberrant expression of MUC6 in the upper foveolar epithelium was diffusely seen in 14% of the cases. Aberrant expression of MUC2 in non-goblet cells was observed in a single case. Aberrant expression of MUC6 was less extensive in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs group than in other 2 groups (P = .03). Concurrently, the diffuse distribution of aberrant MUC6 expression was seen only in the cases of severe gastropathy (P = .09). There was no correlation between modifications in expression of other mucins and either the etiologies or the severity of cytoarchitectural changes.

Conclusions.—Expressions of membrane (MUC1) and secreted (MUC5AC, MUC6) mucins are frequently modified in reactive gastropathy. The alteration of MUC1, which is involved in cell adhesion and polarity, may play a role in the development of the serrated profile of reactive gastropathy. Milder modifications of the secreted mucins may be explained by the reactive/regenerative nature of the process. Importantly, theses changes are different from the increase in MUC6 and reduction of MUC5AC expression reported in H pylori gastritis, underlying their mechanistic differences. It is worth noting that similar alterations of mucin expression are shared by various etiologies, that is, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and bile reflux, consistent with the nonspecific nature of reactive gastropathy.
Some Phenomenological and Metaphisycal Aspects of Human Creativity
Authors: Dolidze Mamuka
Published: February 2021

The author gets human creativity to bridge phenomenology and metaphysics. He examines closely the poetical principle of Edgar Allan Poe and considers the artwork (poem) as a phenomenon appealing to the metaphysical beauty. He also considers the problem of free-dom in phenomenological and metaphysical aspects of creativity. To harmonize the freedom and phenomenology the author offers to differentiate two kinds of intentionality: “intentionality to” and “intentionality from”. The first is reducible to the purposefulness of events and refers to the constitutive function of consciousness, the latter implies the human creativity and freedom as an act of differentiation of phenomenon from its previous limits. The incipient point of the second form of intentionality seems to be a metaphysical object, which is worth considering as an inexhaustible source of the world of phenomena.El autor considera la creatividad humana pare tender un puente entre fenomenología y metafísica. Examina de cerca el principio poético de Edgar Allan Poe y considera la obra de arte (el poema) como un fenómeno que apela a la belleza metafísica. Considera el problema de la libertad en relación a los aspectos fenomenológicos y metafísicos de la creatividad. Para armonizar la libertad y la fenomenología, el autor propone diferenciar dos tipos de intencionalidad: “intencionalidad a” y “intencionalidad de (desde)”. La primera es reducible a la intencionalidad (purposefulness) de los hechos y se refiere a la función constitutiva de la conciencia; la segunda implica la creatividad humana y la libertad como un acto de diferenciación del fenómeno de sus límites anteriores. El punto de partida de la segunda forma de intencionalidad parece ser un objeto metafísico, el cual merece la pena considerar como una inagotable fuente del mundo de los fenómenos.
Phenomenological Antinomy and Holistic Idea. Adorno’s Husserl-Studies and Influences from Cornelius
Authors: Aoyagi Masafumi
Published: February 2021

In my paper, I consider the holistic thought in Theodor W. Adorno’s Husserl-studies, and the epistemological possibility to know the “non-identical”. First, I discuss the phenomenological antinomy. This is not only the starting point of Adorno’s Husserl-studies, but also has his holistic thought in it. Adorno pointed out Husserl’s assumptions that our consciousness is directly related to objects and that our consciousness is always mediately or indirectly related to the objects. Second, I discuss Adorno’s solution of that antinomy. He tried to carry out the thorough immanent phi-losophy with a gestalt theory. And he pointed out mediacy in the Husserl’s text and to find non-identity between our consciousness and objects. Third, I consider the relations between the thought of “non-identical” by Adorno and his holistic thought. The latter was influenced by Hans Cornelius, Adorno’s teacher. So I show that the thought of Cornelius is very significant for Adorno.En mi ponencia considero el pensamiento holista presente en los estudios sobre Husserl de Theodor W. Adorno y la posibilidad epistemológica de conocer la “no identidad”. En primer lugar, analizo la antinomia fenomenológica. No es solo el punto de arranque de los estudios sobre Husserl de Adorno, sino que también contiene su pensamiento holista. Adorno pone de manifiesto las asunciones de Husserl: de que nuestra conciencia está relacionada directmente con los objetos y de que nuestra conciencia está siempre relacionada de manera mediata o indirecta con los objetos. En segundo lugar, discuto la solución adorniana a esta antinomia. Su intento consistía en crear una filosofía íntegramente immanentista con ayuda de la teoría gestalt. Indica también la mediatez presente en los textos de Husserl, encontrando la no-identidad entre nuestra conciencia y objetos. En tercer lugar, considero la relación entre el pensamiento de la “no identidad” de Adorno y su pensamiento holista. El autor fue influido por Hans Cornelius, el profesor de Adorno. Muestro entonces que el pensamiento de Cornelius ha sido de gran importancia para Adorno.
«Auctor», «Autor» y otros problemas semánticos concernientes a la autoría, gestación y ediciones de la Celestina
Authors: Sánchez Antonio , Prieto Remedios
Published: February 2021

La utilización en la Celestina de términos desaparecidos o con valor semántico cambiante a través de los siglos, como «auctor», «autor» («auctore» y «autore» en Italia), «imprimir», «imprimidor» o «impresor» y «corrector de la impresión», ha opuesto grandes dificultades al conocimiento de la gestación de la obra, de las fechas de sus primeras ediciones y de algunas nociones sobre la autoría. Mediante un concienzudo análisis de estos conceptos y de sus implicaciones, este artículo confirma la validez de algunas de las investigaciones más recientes sobre las cuestiones mencionadas.
La Celestina and the Popularization of Graphic Criminal Violence
Authors: Bergman Ted L.
Published: February 2021

En la literatura española, La Celestina marca un hito alretratar de manera destacadamente moderna y detallada las clases criminales, y tal vez sea la primera obra de ficción que realmente tuvo éxito en cuanto a plasmar el hampa literariamente tanto para entretener como para moralizar. La Celestina es el punto de partida para la popularización de la violencia vívida, particularmente en un ambiente urbano, a través del aumento de interés por el fenómeno en España a lo largo de la primera mitad del siglo XVI. La formación que tenía Rojas del derecho y la retórica y su conocimiento de primera mano del hampa le facilitaron representar en la literatura el comportamiento violento de los criminales. La adición (a veces a cargo de otros) de textos llenos de «gangsters», como los «autos» de Centurio y Traso, junto con detalles de los grabados del siglo XVI, y una criminalidad en auge en las «continuaciones» de La Celestina, revelan un deseo creciente de parte del público de ver a más malhechores en un contexto cotidiano.
«Que paresces serena»
Authors: Díaz Tena María Eugenia
Published: February 2021

Nuestro objeto de estudio —desde un punto de vista histórico, sociológico, simbólico, psicológico y literario— es uno de los personajes femeninos más fantástico y enigmático de finales del siglo XV y principios del XVI: Areúsa, una de las prostitutas de La Celestina y ante todo un símbolo de lo que la mujer representa para una parte de la sociedad. Es nuestra intención diseccionar la figura de Areúsa y ver qué modelo de mujer simboliza dentro de la sociedad de finales de la Edad Media y principios del Renacimiento, desde el análisis de su caracterización como personaje literario.
La «renovación de novias» en La Celestina y otros autores
Authors: Montero Cartelle Enrique , Herrero Ingelmo María Cruz
Published: February 2021

La restauración de virgos es una de las muchas habilidades «médicas» con las que se caracteriza a La Celestina. En este trabajo se investigan sus modalidades y se busca en los textos médicos medievales y renacentistas las fuentes en las que se basó el autor para integrarlas después en su obra como caracterización del personaje.
Speaking of Celestina: Soliloquy and Monologue in the Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea
Authors: Scarborough Connie L.
Published: February 2021

Los soliloquios y los monólogos son frecuentes en la Tragicomedia y desempeñan varias funciones importantes. Le permiten al lector comprender mejor las motivaciones y el estado afectivo de un personaje en momentos claves de la narrativa. Sin recurso a un narrador en tercera persona omnisciente, el soliloquio sirve de vehículo perfecto para que los  personajes se examinen y entre sí debatan. Los monólogos son también depósitos de memorias y les proporcionan a los personajes una historia fuera de la duración de los eventos de la Tragicomedia, especialmente en el caso de Celestina y Pármeno. Tanto los soliloquios como los monólogos se caracterizan por arrebatos emocionales, preguntas retóricas,  comparaciones y contrastes con las dificultades experimentadas por personajes históricos y mitológicos, refranes populares y declaraciones filosóficas. En vez de contribuir directamente al desarrollo de la trama, salpican la historia cada vez que un personaje sale al escenario y expresa sus opiniones, reacciones y estados de ánimo.
Función de la intertextualidad bíblica en el Retrato de la Lozana Andaluza de Francisco Delicado
Authors: François Jéromine
Published: February 2021

La Lozana andaluza nos cuenta la historia de una prostituta en la cumbre de su arte cuyas andanzas tienen lugar en la Roma que precede el Saqueo de 1527. El autor, presbítero andaluz, esmalta su texto con referencias a las Santas Escrituras. En la medida en que la finalidad del Retrato no suscita unanimidad y se valora en términos de (in)adecuación con la doctrina cristiana, quisiéramos argumentar sobre el papel desempeñado por la intertextualidad bíblica en la determinación de dicha finalidad. En efecto, el hipotexto bíblico aquí no sólo ejerce su tradicional función de auctoritas sino que también constituye un instrumento privilegiado de los juegos lingüísticos, actúa como fuente de comicidad, y proporciona al Retrato un armazón narrativo. Así ponemos primero de manifiesto ciertos indicios que potencian una lectura de este texto como obra ortodoxa, antes de luego contrastarlos con las tendencias disidentes más significativas que cruzan el relato.
Introducción: La cultura visual de Celestina
Authors: Fernández Rivera Enrique
Published: February 2021

Introducción a la sección especial.
Las dos celestinas de Las galas del difunto de Valle-Inclán
Authors: Fernández Rivera Enrique
Published: February 2021

Las galas del difunto de Valle-Inclán, por incluir dos personajes inspirados en Celestina, es idónea para analizar cómo este personaje se ha venido recreando durante siglos. Los autores seleccionan algunas características del personaje de Rojas y las combinan con ingredientes de sus propias épocas. Adaptan los personajes resultantes al estilo y las intenciones de los textos en que los colocan. En Las galas del difunto, Valle-Inclán introduce una vieja de tipo celestinesco y la caracteriza con ingredientes tomados de las meigas gallegas. Incluye igualmente otro personaje de inspiración celestinesca: la dueña de un burdel caracterizada con rasgos tomados del mundo real de la prostitución en la época. Este desdoblamiento de la figura de Celestina en Las galas del difunto es facilitado por el tratamiento esperpéntico y la fragmentación paródica y deshumanizante de los personajes.
Ilustrando Celestina en Celestinesca de 1977 a 2002: Un catálogo
Authors: Snow Joseph T.
Published: February 2021

Se presenta aquí un catálogo de las ilustraciones que Joseph Snow, fundador y editor de la revista Celestinesca, incluyó en ella con propósitos decorativos o informativos desde la aparición de su primer número en 1977 hasta el número 26, en 2002, en que la composición de la revista pasó a otro editor. Las imágenes, tanto de ediciones antiguas de Celestina como de otras procedencias, están catalogadas por el número en que se publicaron, su origen, su temática, nombre de su autor, etc. Se incluyen también reproducciones de algunas de estas imágenes.
Tres anti-heroínas picaresca-celestinescas: los cuerpos femeninos radicalmente subyugados en La hija de Celestina
Authors: Byabartta Debarati
Published: February 2021

Este artículo analiza el discurso de la subjetividad y la teoría crítica de la interseccionalidad a través de un análisis detallado de las tres anti-heroínas picaresca-celestinescas: Elena, Zara/María, y Méndez, retratadas en la novela medievalizadora, La hija de Celestina (1612), de Alonso Jerónimo de Salas Barbadillo. Se profundiza en la protagonista Elena, que emerge como un personaje atropellado y subyugado, así como gravemente condicionado por la raza, el género/sexo y la clase (un producto clásico de la interseccionalidad). Así, ella radicalmente personifica la subjetividad. Elena también surge como el producto maléficamente hermoso del capitalismo explotador que sobresale como un «Yo» monstruoso y frankensteiniano, cuando trata de invertir la pirámide social del poder y del control  masculino. Hay un tercer aspecto de la subyugación de las mujeres en la novela, en la que debido al temor y misoginia predominantes en el Siglo de Oro, el estado patriarcal y autoritario vigila los cuerpos femeninos invariablemente en un estilo panóptico foucaultiano. Les disciplina y castiga groseramente, especialmente a Elena, la mujer fatal, y posteriormente los convierte en cuerpos dóciles.
La Celestina de Fernando de Rojas en México durante los siglos XVI y XVII
Authors: Gutiérrez Coto Amauri
Published: February 2021

Este artículo ofrece información procedente del Archivo General de la Nación en la Ciudad de México sobre la circulación de La Celestina de Fernando de Rojas en los siglos XVI y XVII. Entre los hallazgos más significativos están los mecanismos de censura de la obra que son anteriores a su aparición en las listas de libros prohibidos de la Inquisición española. Por otro lado, han aparecido posibles referencias documentales a una edición no conservada de La Celestina en 1631 que había sido mencionada por los expertos previamente. El presente artículo se ha propuesto reconstruir una biografía temprana de la obra en su circulación en el Virreinato de Nueva España e incluso aparecen referencias a su circulación en Nuevo México que es actualmente territorio de los Estados Unidos.
Celestina en Hispanoamérica: La nostalgia de los buenos viejos tiempos como tópico celestinesco en Toro-Garland, Fuentes y Mosquera
Authors: François Jéromine
Published: February 2021

Este estudio consiste en un examen intertextual de un tópico celestinesco, el de la nostalgia de los «buenos viejos tiempos», que se ha vuelto un verdadero leitmotiv en las reescrituras literarias de La Celestina publicadas en Hispanoamérica desde el último tercio del siglo XX. A través del análisis de Razón y pasión de enamorados (1973) de Fernando Toro-Garland, de Terra Nostra (1975) de Carlos Fuentes y de Manifiesto de Celestina (1995) de Marta Mosquera, se evidenciarán así las distintas funciones atribuidas a este tópic  en las reescrituras contemporáneas de Ultramar: la nostalgia y la temática de la vejez con la que se asocia en la Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea no sólo participan en la adaptación de estas nuevas Celestinas a nuevos contextos ficcionales, sino que también dan cuenta de una relectura de la Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea por parte de sus imitadores hispanoamericanos.
Una lucha contra la bilis negra: La Lozana Andaluza y los analgésicos del amor y la parodia
Authors: Guardiola Morillas Juan
Published: February 2021

La trayectoria crítica del Retrato de La Lozana Andaluza, del presbítero cordobés Francisco Delicado, comenzó realmente hace unos decenios, siendo palpable su revalorización en nuestros días. Sin embargo, su representación de la sexualidad y el erotismo sigue siendo, como un siglo antes, materia controvertida y por elucidar. En este artículo se estudia cómo con la nominación y vivencia de lo sexual el autor y la protagonista logran atenuar su dolencia melancólica. El objetivo es enfocar este asunto erótico en el contexto de los tratados amorosos y médicos, así como de las ficciones sentimentales o celestinescas que son próximas a la obra, y ver cómo algunos tópicos, motivos y lugares comunes son subvertidos por la mano del autor con unos fines paródicos.
Guillermo Carnero, La caza de amor o el amor sin caza en el huerto o la huerta de Melibea, Salamanca, Publicaciones del SEMYR, 2017
Authors: De Miguel Martínez Emilio
Published: February 2021

N/A
Sospechosas dolencias de viejas quejosas: Paltrana (Segunda Celestina), Alisa (La Celestina) y otras madres de comedia olvidadas de su obligación
Authors: Beltrán Rafael
Published: February 2021

El artículo estudia el personaje de Paltrana, la madre de Polandria en la Segunda Celestina de Feliciano de Silva, en relación con otras madres de comedia que desempeñan un papel parecido. Se trata de madres descuidadas o ajenas a la gravedad de los hechos en los que participan sus hijas. Se compara a Paltrana con Alisa, en La Celestina de Fernando de Rojas, con Teodora, en La Dorotea de Lope de Vega y con otras «buenas» madres de comedia o poesía. Se comparan sus comportamientos y sus dolencias con los síntomas de la enfermedad del amor, en sus distintas variantes. De hecho, una misma escena dramática es utilizada reiteradamente y da juego con múltiples posibilidades. Feliciano de Silva aprovecha algunas de esas posibilidades procedentes de la tradición de comedia, pero con total originalidad.
Amor cortés y amor mercantil: conceptos amatorios enfrentados
Authors: Kroll Simon
Published: February 2021

En el artículo se trata de situar la Segunda Celestina de Feliciano de Silva en su contexto histórico, especialmente en el pensamiento económico de su época. Se analiza que el texto presenta diferentes modelos amatorios. La mayoría de las relaciones corresponderían a un amor mercantil que reifica al otro. Frente a este amor economizado se dibuja una pareja de amor noble y cortés y un discurso de amor pastoril que pueden verse como contrastes de las relaciones mercantilizadas. Se argumenta, por ende, que el texto de Silva, lejos de propagar una vuelta a valores medievales, discute diferentes modelos amatorios e inserta su texto en el contexto de la creciente mercantilización del temprano siglo XVI.
El pintor de corte y los funcionarios del rey: Criterios de valoración artística en la monarquía borbónica / The Court Painter and the King's Officials: Artistic Evaluation Criteria between the Bourbon Monarchy and Río de la Plata Viceroyalty
Authors: Scocchera Vanina
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT: This article aims to investigate the decisions taken by the Hispanic monarchy regarding the destination that the paintings of the Society of Jesus should have reached, after their expulsion in 1767. In this respect, the present article is based on the comparison between the recommendations of Antonio Rafael Mengs, a Bourbon painter, with regard to the most favorable use that could be given to existing works in the Iberian Peninsula (which determines the patrimonial survey carried out by Antonio Ponz in his Trip) and the course that similar works had in Rio de la Plata viceroyalty. The article then proposes exploring the dynamics of circulation of images and cult objects that, on more than one occasion, were crossed by the particular interests of a number of agents, such as royal officials, prelates or priests, and were involved in redistribution processes which motivated their symbolic resignification.
KEYWORDS
Society of Jesus; Hispanic monarchy; Paintings; Rio de la Plata viceroyalty; Temporalities.
RESUMEN: Este artículo propone indagar en las decisiones tomadas por la monarquía hispánica respecto del destino que debían darse a las pinturas que se hallaran en iglesias, colegios y convictorios que habían pertenecido a la Compañía de Jesús y que, tras la expulsión de la orden en 1767, quedaron bajo propiedad monárquica. En este sentido, el presente trabajo parte de la contraposición entre el ya conocido documento que vierte las recomendaciones de Antonio Rafael Mengs, pintor de corte borbón, respecto del destino más favorable que se le pudiera dar a las obras existentes en la península ibérica –y que determina el relevamiento patrimonial realizado por Antonio Ponz en su Viaje– y la fortuna que corrieron obras semejantes en territorio americano. El artículo se propone entonces indagar en las dinámicas de circulación de obras que, en más de una ocasión, estuvieron atravesadas por los intereses particulares de diversos agentes –entre los que se encuentran funcionarios reales, prelados y religiosos– y que motivaron su participación en procesos de redistribución y de resignificación simbólica.
Temas hercúleos en la oratoria sagrada novohispana / Herculean Themes in Novohispanic Sacred Oratory
Authors: Perez Martinez Ramón Manuel
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT: Romans paused at the gateway of the Mediterranean, like Hercules, and stated that it was not possible to go beyond —non plus ultra—and in so doing they forged the idea of a closed universe, filled with horrific legends, where a man could not venture without finding death. The Catholic kings (there is no originality in saying this) achieved ultramarine expansion precisely under the banner of plus ultra, so they not only used the restrictive myth as a propellant, but also used Hercules as a discursive topic referring to the religious, political and military activity in the Hispanic domains. The objective of this paper is to propose an initial reflection on the use of Hercules in Novohispanic sacred oratory, particularly as an emblematic illustration in inductive proofs, in the work of a pair of preachers: Juan Martínez de la Parra (1692 [1705]) and Fernando Alonso González (1720).
KEYWORDS
Hercules; Emblems; Preaching; Nueva España.
RESUMEN: Los romanos se detienen en la puerta del mediterráneo, como Hércules, declarando que no es posible ir más allá —non plus ultra— con lo que fijaron la idea de un universo cerrado, poblado de leyendas horrorosas, a donde el hombre no podría aventurarse sin encontrar la muerte. Los reyes católicos (no hay ninguna originalidad en decir esto) lograron la expansión ultramarina precisamente bajo la divisa plus ultra, con lo que no sólo usaron el mito restrictivo como propulsor, sino que además colocaron a Hércules como tópico útil para tareas discursivas referidas a la actividad religiosa, política y militar en los dominios hispanos. El objetivo de esta ponencia es proponer una reflexión inicial sobre el uso de Hércules en la oratoria sagrada novohispana, particularmente como ilustración emblemática en funciones de prueba inductiva en la obra de un par de predicadores: Juan Martínez de la Parra (1692 [1705]) y Fernando Alonso González (1720).
Venegas Ramos, Alberto [2020]. Pasado interactivo. Memoria e historia en el videojuego
Authors: Aloy Ricart Rita
Published: February 2021

Recensión de libro: 
Venegas Ramos, Alberto [2020]. Pasado interactivo. Memoria e historia en el videojuego. Vitoria-Gasteiz, Sans Soleil Ediciones, 262 pp.
Elogio de la razón mundana. Antropología y política en Kant, por Nuria Sánchez Madrid
Authors: García-Granero Marina
Published: February 2021

RESEÑA / RESSENYA / REVIEW
Elogio de la razón mundana. Antropología y política en Kant, por Nuria Sánchez Madrid
Pamiršta Amerikos lietuvių pagalbos Lietuvos SSR istorija: 1941–1947 metai
Authors: Laukaitytė Regina
Published: February 2021

JAV įsijungus į karą prieš nacistinę Vokietiją ir plačiu mastu teikiant pagalbą sąjungininkei Sovietų Sąjungai, komunistuojančios lietuvių išeivių organizacijos Amerikoje išgyveno trumpą triumfo laikotarpį: „paramos sovietams“ šūkiu jos sėkmingai mobilizavo kairiųjų pažiūrų tautiečius į šalpos organizacijas ir surinko daug aukų, paliko pėdsaką Pagalbos kovojančiai Rusijai fondo veikloje. Straipsnyje analizuojama kelių 1941–1947 m. JAV veikusių prosovietinių lietuvių komitetų (Medikalės pagalbos, Pundelių vajaus, Lietuvai pagalbos teikimo) veikla, jų organizuotos humanitarinės pagalbos apimtis ir gautų vadinamųjų „amerikoniškų dovanų“ svarba sovietų režimui Lietuvos SSR, taip pat tiriama amerikiečių pilietinė iniciatyva užmegzti kontaktus (laiškais ir vizitais) su stalininės valstybės gyventojais.
Lietuvių dailininkai JAV: lietuviškieji ir amerikietiškieji išeivių dailės kontekstai
Authors: Žukienė Rasa
Published: February 2021

Straipsnyje aptariami pokario išeivių kartos menininkų požiūriai į amerikietiškąjį meno kontekstą ir savosios tautinės dailės puoselėjimą XX a. antrojoje pusėje. Remiantis archyvų medžiaga ir spaudos tekstais, siekiama atskleisti, kaip lietuviai išeiviai vertino dailės kūrinius ir procesus jiems naujoje kultūrinėje aplinkoje. Lietuvių menininkai buvo susiformavę europietiškojo meno aplinkoje. Po Antrojo pasaulinio karo apsigyvenę Vakaruose, jie ne visada pajėgdavo suprasti Amerikos avangardinio meno procesus. Atvykėlių menininkų santykis su jiems neįprasta kultūrine aplinka neretai būdavo komplikuotas. Jį aštrino kontrastas tarp tautinės bendruomenės užsidegimo turėti tautinį meną ir Amerikos muziejų, galerijų veiklos, nukreiptos į tarptautiškumą ir rinką.
Practicing Online Travel Writing. How My Blogging and Australia Met
Authors: Calzati Stefano
Published: February 2021

Travelling and writing, then, come to be two very complementary practices of discovery: cross-cultural (of the Other, encountered on the road) and gnoseological (of the Self, who takes the road). As a consequence, once we accept that travel writing stems from the interplay between travelling and writing as practices, then the pragmatic strength of this literary genre is brought to light. This article presents an intertwinement between practice and theory by alternating passages (translated into English) from the blog with an analysis of these same passages.
SNPC-1.3 is a sex-specific transcription factor that drives male piRNA expression in C. elegans
Authors: Choi Charlotte P , Tay Rebecca J , Starostik Margaret R , Feng Suhua , Moresco James J , Montgomery Brooke E , Xu Emily , Hammonds Maya A , Schatz Michael C , Montgomery Taiowa A , Yates John R , Jacobsen Steven E , Kim John K
Published: February 2021

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) play essential roles in silencing repetitive elements to promote fertility in metazoans. Studies in worms, flies, and mammals reveal that piRNAs are expressed in a sex-specific manner. However, the mechanisms underlying this sex-specific regulation are unknown. Here we identify SNPC-1.3, a male germline-enriched variant of a conserved subunit of the small nuclear RNA-activating protein complex, as a male-specific piRNA transcription factor inCaenorhabditis elegans. SNPC-1.3 colocalizes with the core piRNA transcription factor, SNPC-4, in nuclear foci of the male germline. Binding of SNPC-1.3 at male piRNA loci drives spermatogenic piRNA transcription and requires SNPC-4. Loss ofsnpc-1.3leads to depletion of male piRNAs and defects in male-dependent fertility. Furthermore, TRA-1, a master regulator of sex determination, binds to thesnpc-1.3promoter and represses its expression during oogenesis. Loss of TRA-1 targeting causes ectopic expression ofsnpc-1.3and male piRNAs during oogenesis. Thus, sexually dimorphic regulation ofsnpc-1.3expression coordinates male and female piRNA expression during germline development.
Rapid relative increase of crustose coralline algae following herbivore exclusion in a reef of El Salvador
Authors: Elías Ilosvay Xochitl E. , Segovia Johanna , Ferse Sebastian , Elias Walter Ernesto , Wild Christian
Published: February 2021

The Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) is one of the most isolated and least studied regions in the world. This particularly applies to the coast of El Salvador, where the only reef between Guatemala and Nicaragua, called Los Cóbanos reef, is located. There is very little published information about the reef’s biodiversity, and to our knowledge, no research on its ecology and responses to anthropogenic impacts, such as overfishing, has been conducted. The present study, therefore, described the benthic community of Los Cóbanos reef, El Salvador, using the Line-Point-Intercept-Transect method and investigated changes in the benthic community following the exclusion of piscine macroherbivores over a period of seven weeks. Results showed high benthic algae cover (up to 98%), dominated by turf and green algae, and low coral cover (0–4%). Porites lobata was the only hermatypic coral species found during the surveys. Surprisingly, crustose coralline algae (CCA) showed a remarkable total cover increase by 58%, while turf algae cover decreased by 82%, in experimental plots after seven weeks of piscine macroherbivore exclusion. These findings apparently contradict the results of most previous similar studies. While it was not possible to ascertain the exact mechanisms leading to these drastic community changes, the most likely explanation is grazing on turf by small grazing macroherbivores that had access to the cages during the experiment and clearing of CCA initially covered by epiphytes and sediments. A higher CCA cover would promote the succesful settlement by corals and prevent further erosion of the reef framework. Therefore it is crucial to better understand algal dynamics, herbivory, and implications of overfishing at Los Cóbanos to avoid further reef deterioration. This could be achieved through video surveys of the fish community, night-time observations of the macroinvertebrate community, exclusion experiments that also keep out herbivorous macroinvertebrates, and/or experimental assessments of turf algae/CCA interactions.
Evaluation of Usefulness of Mannheim Peritonitis Index and APACHE II Score in Predicting Mortality and Morbidity in Patients with Peritonitis- A Prospective Diagnostic Test Study
Authors: Stephen D Paul Trinity , Abraham Vijay , Karuppusami Reka
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Peritonitis, defined as inflammation of the peritoneal cavity can be of various causes, and is one of the most common surgical emergencies. This continues to be a challenge to diagnose and treat. Early intervention is essential to select patients who will need intensive care which brings out better outcome for the patients. This also helps us use the resources optimally. Over years, many scoring systems have been developed and studied to predict outcomes in patients with peritonitis. Aim: To evaluate the ability of Mannheim Peritonitis Index (MPI) and APACHE II (Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II) scores in predicting mortality and morbidity in patients with peritonitis. Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted at Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, for a period of two years from September 2014 to August 2016. A total of 78 patients were recruited for this study. These patients were scored with MPI and APACHE II scores. The primary outcome studied was in hospital death or discharge. The secondary outcome studied was morbidity in terms of local and systemic complications. The risk factors associated with mortality in patients with peritonitis were also studied. The best cut-off value for MPI and APACHE II from the data was calculated using Yuden index. The sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios were calculated and presented with 95% Confidence Interval(CI). The sub-group analysis was done for risk factors and complications. Results: There were more males than females. Age ≥48 years (p=0.002) and serum creatinine ≥1.3 g/dL (p=0.012) were found to be significant risk factors for mortality. The sensitivity and specificity of MPI ≥27 in predicting mortality was found to be 90% and 57% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of APACHE II score ≥10 in predicting mortality was found to be 40% and 78%, respectively. MPI scores ≥27 were strongly associated with morbidity like prolonged ICU stay (p=0.004), mechanical ventilation requirement (p=0.001) and need for dialysis (p=0.035). Conclusion: Present study showed MPI to be a better predictor of mortality than APACHE II, though APACHE II showed better specificity. MPI score also was helpful in predicting morbidity such as prolonged ICU stay, mechanical ventilation requirement postoperatively and need for dialysis postoperatively. MPI was easier to use as it contained lesser variables. MPI could be of use in rural areas with no facility for laboratory investigations and blood gas analysis.
A Study on Emotional Intelligence among School Going Adolescents in Kolkata
Authors: Ghorai Bikash Chandra , Kundu Samayita , Santra Sunil
Published: February 2021

The aim of the present study is to determine the level of emotional intelligence of school going adolescents; and to compare the emotional intelligence and its four dimensions/sub-factors i.e., understanding emotions, understanding motivation, empathy and handling relation of school going adolescents with respect to their gender, grade and board pattern of education. The present study was carried out on 288 higher secondary school students selected as sample from six schools of three different boards of education (viz. two WBCHSE, two CBSE and two ICSE) of Kolkata district in West Bengal using convenient sampling technique. This research is cross-sectional survey type study. The measuring tool in this research originally was of two-point emotional intelligence scale entitled as ‘Emotional Intelligence Scale (ESI – SANS) of Dr. A. K. Singh and Dr. S. Narain [1] which was translated in Bengali version by B. C. Ghorai and L. L. Mohakud [2]. After the initial exploratory analysis of the data, different statistical (descriptive and inferential) techniques are used to analyze the data set via SPSS 20. Results of the study revealed that there is no statistically significant difference in emotional intelligence and it’s sub-factors of school going adolescent with respect to their gender grade and board pattern of education. The findings provide a further need on how to more improve upon the emotional intelligence of school going adolescent. Implications and recommendations for developing emotional intelligence school going adolescent are discussed.
Factors Influencing on Export Engagement of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Sri Lanka: Resource Based View
Authors: Madushanka Hashen , Sachitra Vilani
Published: February 2021

Purpose: Sri Lankan government has recognized small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as the backbone of the economy. Export is the most adapted internationalization mechanism by SMEs. Export activities of SMEs are caused to reduce trade balance deficit, increase capital inflow, increase employment, create balance of payment surplus and increase the production. In the most of the developing countries, considerable amount of total export activities is performed by SMEs. However, a few numbers of SMEs are exporting in Sri Lanka. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence on export engagement of SMEs in Sri Lanka.

Methods: Explanatory research approach followed by quantitative method used in this study. Based on literature, financial capability, management capability, government policy and marketing information were selected as influencing factors on export engagement of SMEs. Scope of the study consisted with SMEs in the manufacturing sector, located in Western province. A structured questionnaire was used for the primary data collection.

Findings: The survey was conducted on 151 SMEs. The multiple regression analysis results revealed that 72.6% of the variation in export engagement can be explained by financial capability, management capabilities and government policies. However, marketing information was not a significant determinant of export engagement of SMEs. Among the factors, management capability recorded the highest beta value (beta = 0.487) followed by financial capabilities. 

Research Implications: This study helps to enhance the development of the country through assisting the SMEs to enhance their exports by having a better understand about the factors influence for export engagement of SMEs. The SMEs which are not engaged with export, can get a knowledge about the most important factors of the export-engaged enterprises have.

Further Study Suggestions: Future studies might concern in depth analysis of problems face by SMEs when engaging with exports and remedies for those problems by using many sample size within a long period of time.
A Genetic Algorithm for the Double Row Layout Problem
Authors: Rifai Achmad Pratama , Windras Mara Setyo Tri , Kusumastuti Putri Adriani , Wiraningrum Rakyan Galuh
Published: February 2021

The double row layout problem (DRLP) is an NP-hard and has many applications in the industry. The problem concerns on arranging the position of  machines on the two rows so that the material handling cost is minimized. Although several mathematical programming models and local heuristics have been previously proposed, there is still a requirement to develop an approach that can solve the problem efficiently. Here, a genetic algorithm is proposed, which is aimed to solve the DRLP in a reasonable and applicable time. The performances of the proposed method, both its obtained objective values and computational time, are evaluated by comparing it with the existing mathematical programming model. The results demonstrate that the proposed GA can find relatively high-quality solutions in much shorter time than the mathematical programming model, especially in the problem with large number of machines.
Influence of Information Quality on Retailer Satisfaction through Supply Chain Flexibility and Supplier Relationship Management in the Retail Industry
Authors: Putra Ardiono , Tarigan Zeplin Jiwa Husada , Siagian Hotlan
Published: February 2021

Businesses always compete to improve customer satisfaction. A firm engaged in as a distributor as well, always try to provide satisfaction to their customer, in this case, retailer and wholesales. The distributor can improve retailer satisfaction by providing such information that suits retailer requirements in the pursuit that the supply chain flow can move quickly, particularly on the flow of products from the manufacturing ordered by the distributors. This study aims to obtain a relationship between distributors and retailer companies. This study surveyed 100 retailers, and wholesale companies engaged in Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) and the supplier domiciled in the city of Makassar, South Sulawesi, with revenues of more than IDR 300,000,000. - / year. SmartPLS software version 2.0 was used to test the hypothesis. The results of the study found that information quality can provide a positive increase in improving supplier relationship management. Adequate information quality cannot significantly increase supply chain flexibility and retailer satisfaction. Supplier relationship management built by distributors can have an impact of 0.611 on supply chain flexibility in retail and retail satisfaction companies of 0.367. The stronger distributor and retailer relationship can increase distributor flexibility and retail satisfaction. Supply chain flexibility built by distributor companies can have a significant impact on retailer satisfaction of 0.463. This research provides an improvement in the development of supply chain management theory, in particular, building relationships with customers.
Les hemoglobines des amphibiens: Separation et caracterisation preliminaire des chaines d'une hemoglobine du crapaud bufo bufo
Authors: Caffin J.P. , Chauvet J.P. , Acher R.
Published: July 2002

A toad (Bufo bufo) hemoglobin has been purified and two types of chain have been separated by counter‐current distribution. The α‐chain has a N‐terminal sequence Ac‐Ala‐Leu and a C‐terminal sequence Tyr‐Arg. The β‐chain has a N‐terminal sequence Val‐His‐Leu and a C‐terminal sequence Tyr‐His.
Peptidyl puromycin synthesis; effect of several antibiotics which act on 50 S ribosomal subunits
Authors: Tanaka Kentaro , Teraoka Hiroshi , Tamaki Mikio
Published: July 2002

The effects of several antibiotics which are know to bind with 50 S ribosomal subunits, on the formation of several di‐ and tri‐peptidyl puromycins have been examined. Tylosin and spiramycin inhibited the formation of phenylalanyl‐14C‐phenylalanyl‐puromycin, glycyl‐14C‐phenyllalanyl‐puromycin, leucyl‐14C‐phenylalanyl‐puromycin, N
ϵ‐carbobenzoxylysyl‐14C‐phenylalanyl‐puromycin, and valyl‐glycyl‐14C‐phenylalanyl‐puromycin as well as N‐acetyl‐14C‐phenylalanyl‐puromycin. Of these compounds, erythromycin and oleandomycin selectively inhibited the formation of phenylalanyl‐14C‐phenylalanyl‐puromycin. Although chloramphenicol and lincomycin inhibited the formation of most of these peptidyl puromycins, the formation of phenylalanyl‐14C‐phenylalanyl‐puromycin and leucyl‐14C‐phenylalanyl‐puromycin was found to be resistant to these antibiotics. So far, no significant effect of siomycin has been observed on pepetidyl puromycin formation in the absence of G factor.
The biochemical modes of action of vitamin e and selenium: A hypothesis
Authors: Diplock A.T. , Lucy J.A.
Published: July 2002

In this paper recent experimental work on rat liver is discussed which is considered to indicate that a primary function of vitamin E in vivo may be to inhibit the oxidation of selenide‐containing proteins present in mitochondria and in smooth endoplasmic reticulum. On the basis of molecular model building studies, it is also suggested that the well‐known nutritional relationships between vitamin E and dietary polyunsaturated lipids may be due to the occurrence within normal membranes of specific complexes between the vitamin and some of the molecules of polyunsaturated phospholipids. Without the vitamin, membranes may have an abnormally high permeability and they may be subject to degradation by endogenous phospholipases in vivo, as well as being abnormally susceptible to damage in vitro by dialuric acid and hydrogen peroxide.
The primary structure of human β‐lipotropin
Authors: Seidah N.G. , Hsi K.L. , Chrétien M. , Barat E. , Patthy A. , Graf L.
Published: July 2002

Human β‐lipotropin isolated in Hungary from frozen pituitary glands was purified by high‐performance liquid chromatography in Canada. The amino acid sequence of the first 30 residues was determined. Trypsin, trypsin/papain, and trypsin/thermolysin fragments were obtained for the disputed region containing residues 9–25 of β‐lipotropin. Their amino acid composition and sequence established beyond doubt that only one human β‐lipotropin sequence is present. These results suggest the presence of only one gene coding for human pro‐opiomelanocortin, the precursor of adrenocorticotropin and β‐endorphin and resolve the controversy over the sequence of human β‐lipotropin.
(poly)Phosphoinositide phosphorylation is a marker for plasma membrane in Friend erythroleukaemic cells
Authors: Rawyler André J. , Roelofsen Ben , Wirtz Karel W.A. , Op den Kamp Jos A.F.
Published: July 2002

Upon subcellular fractionation of (murine) Friend erythroleukaemic cells (FELCs), purified plasma membranes were identified by their high enrichment in specific marker enzymes and typical plasma membrane lipids. When FELCs were incubated for short periods with 32Pi before cell fractionation, the lipid‐bound radioactivity was almost exclusively present in phosphatidylinositol‐4‐phosphate (DPI) and phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate (TPI), and its distribution closely matched that of the plasma membrane markers. In addition, purified plasma membranes actively incorporated 32P from [γ‐32P]ATP into polyphosphoinositides, and the specific activities of the involved kinases were again mostly enriched in the plasma membrane fraction.