bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NEW PERSPECTIVE IN REGIONAL AND RESIDUAL SEPARATION OF GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC DATA PROCESSING
Authors: Raharjo Wiji , Palupi Indriati Retno , Alfiani Oktavia Dewi
Published: December 2022

Separation between Regional and Residual anomaly in Gravity and Magnetic data processing is very important to get the best result in geological interpretation. Several methods were used to solve this problem like upward continuation and polynomial fitting. With the same principle, 2D FFT is applied by make an interactive tool based on Matlab Language Programming, named “Oasis Ala-Ala”. It adopts the algorithm from software Oasis. It started with make visualization map or the original data, then the map divide into some grids. Each of grid contain gravity or magnetic data. Then it transformed from special to wavenumber domain. After that, it convolves with our own filter matrix. And the last step is inverse it to get the regional and residual anomaly map. However, Matlab is powerful in facilitate this process in the GUI Toolbox. One important thing is the size of gravity and magnetic data. It will improve to Filter matrix size before do inverse process.
ALKALI-SILICA REACTIVITY OF SOME GRANITIC ROCKS IN KUMASI, GHANA: IMPLICATIONS FOR USE OF ROCK AGGREGATES FOR CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Wilson Matthew Coffie , Buadi Bridget , Debrahb Maame Opokua , Osei-Wireko Kevin , Brako Blestmond Afrifa
Published: December 2022

This paper seeks to assess the potential of Alkali-Silica Reaction on some granitic rocks in Kumasi in Ghana. Alkali-Silica reactions occur over time between alkaline cement paste and silica contained in rock aggregates as a result of the swelling due to the reaction of certain constituents in the rock aggregates with alkali hydroxides. Alkali-Silica reactions become potentially harmful when they cause significant expansion. Aggregates used for this research were sought from three different quarries, namely, Consar Stone Quarry in Barekese, Nnagot Quarry in Kona and Modern Granite Quarry in Buoho. To achieve the objectives of this project, two test methods were employed such as Accelerated Mortar Bar test (ASTM C1260) and Petrographic analysis. Presence of strained quartz is an indicator for the occurrence of Alkali-Silica Reaction. Samples from Kona contained quite an appreciable amount of strained quartz and exhibited an expansion above the ASTM C 1260 specification, implying that it is potentially reactive and thus not useful for construction works, whilst samples from Barekese, and Buoho were innocuous and may be used for construction works. Supplementary cementing materials such as pozzolans (which are readily available) can be added to concrete mixtures with aggregates from Kona to reduce the harsh effects of ASR.
PALEONTOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY LINEAGES OF THE DIAGNOSTIC BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL GENUS ORTHOKARSTENIA
Authors: Anan Haidar Salim
Published: December 2022

This work is focused on the members of the Late Cretaceous-Early Paleogene (K-Pg) diagnostic benthic foraminiferal genus Orthokarstenia which is regionally important in paleontology and stratigraphic correlations. The large number of tests available and the rapid morphologic changes, offer an opportunity to study evolutionary changes in these foraminiferal taxa over a time span of about 25 m. y. (75-50 Ma). Six species of the genus Orthokarstenia are presented: O. applinae, O. eleganta, O. esnehensis, O. higazyi, O. nakkadyi and O. oveyi, which were recorded in eight localities in the Southern Tethys: Nigeria, Tunisia, Egypt (central and north Africa), Jordan, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Iran and Pakistan (southwest Asia). Evolutionary changes of them are indicated by such criteria, such as changes in the test-size, chambers arrangement, type of sutures, periphery or surface ornamentation. These changes help to define the major faunal change of the Campanian/Maastrichtian (C/M) boundary, K/Pg boundary, and can used in biostratigraphic subdivisions and correlations based on benthic foraminifera, beside planktic foraminiferal zonation.
ASSESSMENT OF 3D POSITIONAL ACCURACY OF GEODETIC OBSERVATIONS FROM SINGLE CORS
Authors: S. O Oladosu , R. Ehigiator-Irughe
Published: December 2022

Geodetic observations for both vertical and horizontal control networks cannot be compromised for any reason in accuracy and precision in the field of geomatics. Due to the error-prone nature of survey measurements, standards are established to allow for comparing the obtained results with a set of guidelines, regulations, or pre-determined specifications. The University of Benin’s Ugbowo Campus in Nigeria does not have enough control points, which informs this study. The densification of more reliable control points using the most recent technology is necessary. Before the observations, control network design, excavation, casting, and monumentation of first-order compliance beacons had been completed. Eight GNSS receivers were connected to the CORS_Geosystems multi-link access point and simultaneously deployed for observations. The stages involve the adjustment of observed data, the presentation of adjusted results, and the determination of horizontal and vertical accuracies. The result of horizontal accuracy showed that the RAPH_GNSS_08 station had the highest horizontal accuracy standard ratio of 1:432,193, while the Raph_GNSS_04 station had the lowest, 1:133,271. The highest vertical accuracy standard was 4.0mm, achieved between Cors_Geo and RAPH_GNSS_09, while the lowest, which was 3.1mm, was observed between Cors_Geo and RAPH_GNSS_08. High-precision engineering projects in the research area will benefit from the established first-order controls in terms of execution, monitoring, and maintenance. The Surveyors Council of Nigeria (SURCON) has recommended GNSS as one of the methods for achieving geodetic control densification in Nigeria.
ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS AND KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SLATES FROM DIR GROUP, NW, HIMALAYA, PAKISTAN; IMPLICATION FOR SLOPE STABILITY
Authors: Rahman Aftab Ur , Guangcheng Zhang , Khan Asghar , Puniya Mohit Kumar , Rahman Sami Ur , Xin Zeng
Published: December 2022

Slope stability is an important issue for the construction of roads on hill slopes. 24 slopes cuts have been investigated to determine the slope instability issues and mode of failure along the newly constructed road of Dir-Sheringal Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The major rocks are slates and tuffaceous siltstone which are weak to moderately strong in strength. The main objective of this study is to assess the application of rock mass classification systems and kinematic analysis which affects the slopes. The investigation shows that rock mass rating (RMR-basic), and slope mass rating (SMR) values range from 0 to 73 which is poor to normal while geological strength index (GSI) analysis classified the rock mass from poor to good conditions. The Kinematic analysis shows that three types (plane, wedge and topple) of failure mode are present in these slopes. Most of the slopes are unstable and weak where perspective tools and proper installation provide support and prevent future failure. This study shows a good relationship between RMR-basic, SMR, and GSI for different locations.
ASSESSMENT OF TEMPORAL VARIATION OF HEAVY METALS IN SEDIMENTS OF WARRI RIVER, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
Authors: E.S. Chinemelu, , D. P. Okumoko,
Published: December 2022

Contaminated sediment poses a serious environmental problem, therefore knowledge of the concentration of heavy metals in stream sediments is very important because of their significance to aquatic life and human health. The concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, As, Ni, Zn, Fe and Cu), in stream sediments of some parts of Warri River, Southwestern Nigeria were examined during the rainy and dry seasons using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, in order to assess their contamination levels using the environmental contamination indexes; Geoaccumulation Index, Enrichment Factor (EF), and Contamination Factor (CF). For both the rainy and dry seasons, the results revealed average heavy metal concentrations obtained in all samples in the study area in the order As>Cd>Pb>Ni>Cr>Zn>Cu>Fe. The trend in mean Igeo values was as follows: As (-0.66) > Zn (-4.93) > Cu (-5.8) > Fe (-5.31) > Cd (5.76) > Pb (-6.35) > Ni (11.25), showing that River Warri’s sediments were not polluted by heavy metals. Cu= Zn (0.08), Cd (0.34), Pb (0.02), As (0.01), and Ni (0.00) were the mean CF values across all measured locations, indicating a low contamination factor. The average EFs for the sediments were As (1.09) > Cd (1.10) > Cu (1.46) > Zn (1.61) > Pb (1.09) > Ni (1.09) > Fe (0.83), showing low enrichment (<2). Evaluation of enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index and contamination factor values showed that the stream sediments of the study area were unpolluted. Heavy metals in the sediments were found to be linked to anthropogenic activities in the study region, according to the results of the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The metal concentrations in the sediment were found to be elevated at some sampled points, it is therefore recommended that annual monitoring of the stream sediments of the study area is undertaken. Also, sustainable practices should be employed in order to conserve the resources of the Warri River.
What do Turkish primary teachers think about integration of Web 2.0 literacy tools in primary schools during covid 19?
Authors: GÖK Bilge , KESİK Cengiz
Published: December 2022

This study aims to understand the Turkish primary teachers' use of Web 2.0 tools when teaching literacy in the Turkish language. The data were collected from 33 teachers teaching in public and private primary schools across Turkey. Teachers were selected using a criterion sampling method and interviewed using a semi-structured interview form and their responses were analyzed using content analysis. Research results show that Web 2.0 tools are useful in terms of increasing students’ motivation towards lessons and ensuring active learning to occur. The opinions expressed by the participants have revealed that Web 2.0 tools are used for evaluation, reinforcement, revision and teaching grammar subjects and that many of them prefer to use Web 2.0 tools after explaining the subject. While the participating teachers mentioned the concretization of concepts and subjects through digitalization for primary school students and increasing classroom interaction in the category of contributions to educational processes while the problems experienced in the use of these tools were expressed to be the absence of Turkish language option in these tools and difficulty in having access to these tools. In addition, teachers’ inadequacies in using Web 2.0 tools were also expressed as a problem. As solutions to the problems experienced, they stated that the language barrier problem can be overcome by using alternative Web2.0 tools, that the use of Web 2.0 can be made more widespread among teachers through in-service trainings and works can be conducted by the Ministry of National Education of Turkey to provide better opportunities for teachers to have access to technology and internet. In light of the findings of the study, concrete suggestions were made to teachers on how to use these tools in language teaching and suggestions were made to the software developers to design these tools in different languages.
Eski Türkçe “kisi/kişi” sözcükleri üzerine
Authors: ULUSCU Gizem
Published: December 2022

Köktürkçe ve Eski Uygur Türkçesi dönemlerinde /s/ ve /ş/ ünsüzlerinin ses değeri tam olarak bilinememektedir. Köktürk ve Eski Uygur Türkçesi devri eserlerinde bu iki harfin birbiri yerine kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Bu durum eski Türk yazıtlarından itibaren tanıklanan kisi ‘zevce’ ve kişi ‘insan’ sözcüklerinin birbirleriyle karıştırılmasına yol açmaktadır. Bu sözcüklerin iki ayrı sözcük mü, yoksa çok anlamlı tek bir sözcük mü olduğu tartışılagelmiştir. Sözcüklerin etimolojilerinin bilinememesi de bunun tespitini zorlaştırmaktadır. Etimolojik sözlüklerde de bu konuyla ilgili bir birlik olmadığı görülmektedir. Sözcükler, kimi sözlüklerde aynı madde başında gösterilirken kimi sözlüklerde ise iki ayrı madde başında ele alınmıştır. Kişi ‘insan’ sözcüğü Türkçenin tarihî ve çağdaş dönemlerinde tanıklanmaktadır. Sözcük, Azerbaycan Türkçesi, Türkmence, Özbekçe, Yeni Uygur Türkçesi, Kırgızca, Kumukça, Karaçay-Balkarca ve Karaimcede aynı zamanda anlam daralmasına uğramış şekilde ‘erkek; koca’ anlamlarında da kullanılmaktadır. Kisi ‘zevce’ sözcüğü ise Dîvânu Lugâti’t-Türk’te ve Kutadgu Bilig’in Arap harfli nüshalarında geçmektedir. Arap alfabeli metinlerde /s/ ve /ş/ ünsüzleri farklı iki harfle gösterildiği için kisi sözcüğü bu eserlerde açıkça görülmektedir. Sözcüğe Karahanlı Türkçesi devrinden sonra Türkçenin tarihî devirlerinde rastlanmamıştır. Çalışmada çağdaş Türk dilleri sözlükleri de taranmış ve sözcüğün çağdaş Türk dillerinden Halaççada geçtiği tespit edilmiştir. Türklerin tarih boyunca kullandıkları alfabelerde kisi sözcüğünün yazımı araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca toplum dilbilimi açısından kişi sözcüğünün cinsiyet çağrışımları da araştırmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuç bölümünde elde edilen bulgular değerlendirilerek bu sözcüklerin iki ayrı sözcük olduğu vurgulanmıştır.
Türkçede Frankenstein çevirileri ve bir kültürel aracı olarak yazar – çevirmen Giovanni Scognamillo
Authors: AYHAN Ayşe
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışma, Mary Shelley’nin Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus romanının Türkçedeki yolculuğu bağlamında, Türkçe çeviri edebiyat dizgesinde ilk Frankenstein çevirmeni olarak sunulan Giovanni Scognamillo’yu incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çevirmen-yazar Giovanni Scognamillo bu çalışmada, çevirinin toplumsal olgular tarafından düzenlenen bir pratik olarak kavramsallaştırıldığı ve toplumsal dizgeye ait eyleyicilerin merkeze taşındığı çeviri sosyolojisi çerçevesinde ele alınmış, bununla birlikte, kültürlerarası aktarım etkinlikleri, eyleyiciler ve kültürel aracılar kavramları çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Çalışma, kültürel aktarım etkinlikleri gerçekleştiren eyleyicilerin kültürel aracılık rolleri bağlamında Giovanni Scognamillo’nun kültürel ve sanatsal etkinliklerini gözden geçirerek Scognamillo’yu çevirmen rolüyle birlikte edebiyat, sanat, resim, müzik, tasarım gibi çeşitli kültürel ve sosyal alanlarda; farklı diller aracılığıyla ve uzamsal sınırlarda aktarım etkinlikleri gerçekleştiren bir kültürel aracı (Meylaerts & Gonne, 2014) olarak da konumlandırmıştır. Çalışma aynı zamanda, çeviri metnin üretiminde kültürlerarası aktarımın eyleyicisi olan çevirmenin tüm çeviri ve alımlama süreçlerinin merkezi konumdaki bir parçası olduğunu vurgulamıştır. Çevirmen-yazar Giovanni Scognamillo’nun, çeşitli kültürlerarası aktarım etkinliklerinde bulunan bir kültürel aracı olarak edebiyat ve sinema dünyasını biçimlendirmedeki katkısını sahip olduğu habitus ve çeşitli sermayelere de odaklanarak incelemiştir. Çalışma, Scognamillo’nun Frankenştayn çevirisini kendi habitus’u ve sermayeleri doğrultusunda biçimlendirdiğini ve çeviri metni, çevirinin alımlanma koşullarına uygun olacağını öngördüğü biçimde bir sinemacı yatkınlığıyla üretmiş olduğunu öne sürmektedir.
Çeviride başvurulan biçem kılavuzları üzerine betimleyici bir inceleme ve bir şablon önerisi
Authors: CANIM Sinem
Published: December 2022

Günümüzün dijital dünyasında bir çeviri projesinde görev alan çevirmenler çoğu zaman farklı fiziksel ortamlarda birbirleriyle herhangi bir şekilde iletişim kurmadan çalışırlar. Bu projelerde, çevirmenler arasında dil ve biçem birliğini sağlamak için kullanılan bazı referans materyaller vardır. Bunlar çeviri talimatları, terim listeleri, koşut metinler, çeviri ve terim bellekleri ve biçem kılavuzlarıdır. Çeviri biçem kılavuzu, çevrilen metinlerde dilsel ve görsel tutarlılığı sağlamak ve müşteri beklentisine uygun çeviri yapmak amacıyla hazırlanan kılavuz olarak tanımlanabilir. Biçem kılavuzlarının çeviri endüstrisinde kullanımı oldukça yaygın olmasına karşın konu çeviribilim literatüründe pek fazla yer bulmamıştır. Özellikle Türkçe çeviribilim literatürü ele alındığında birkaç yayın dışında terimin kullanımına rastlanmamıştır. Taramanın kapsayıcı olması için Google Akademik’te biçem kılavuzu, stil kılavuzu, biçim kılavuzu olarak terimin olası üç farklı kullanımı ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın ampirik ayağı için yine Google arama motoru kullanılmış ve ulaşılan birkaç biçem kılavuzundan ikisi seçilmiştir. Bunlar Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Dışişleri Bakanlığı Avrupa Birliği Başkanlığı tarafından hazırlanmış olan AB Mevzuatı Çeviri Rehberi ve Microsoft tarafından hazırlanmış olan Turkish Style Guide’dır. Bu ikisinin seçilmesinin nedeni iki farklı uzmanlık alanına ait olması ve Türkiye çeviri sektöründe yaygın olarak kullanılmasıdır. Bunlara ek olarak Burg Translations adlı çeviri işletmesine ait bir biçem kılavuzu şablonununa rastlanmış ve ampirik incelemeye dahil edilmiştir. Kılavuzların ve şablonun kapsam ve içerikleri incelenip betimlenmiştir. İncelemede şu sorulara cevap aranmıştır: 1-Biçem kılavuzlarının içeriğinde neler bulunur? 2-Biçem kılavuzu hazırlarken hangi ilkelere dikkat edilir? Betimlemeden ve literatür okumasından elde edilen verilerle biçem kılavuzu hazırlarken ya da güncellerken başvurulabilecek bir şablon önerisinde bulunulmuştur. Bu çalışmanın gerek çeviribilimdeki gerekse çeviri sektöründeki biçem kılavuzu uygulamalarında yol gösterici olması umut edilmektedir.
Reklam etiği ve Türkiye’de reklam denetimi: Vodafone, TEB ve Coca Cola örneği
Authors: KARADENİZ Özal
Published: December 2022

Reklamcılık alanının teorisi ve uygulamaları hızla gelişmektedir. Her hızlı gelişim veya değişim sürecinde yaşandığı gibi reklam uygulamalarında da sıklıkla etik ve mevzuat açısından birçok ihlalin ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir. Reklamın denetimi ile ilgili mevzuat hükümleri, reklamcılıktaki değişimlerle bağlantılıdır. Reklam etiğine ilişkin değerlendirmeler ise daha çok toplumların kültürleriyle ilintilidir. Reklam mevzuatı reklamcılıkta yaşanan değişimleri takip etmek durumundadır. Reklamın etik ilkelere ve hukuka uygunluğunu denetleyen mevzuat için ortalama tüketici kıstası son derece önemlidir. Başka ifadeyle kamu otoritesi denetim işlevini toplumun değer ve yargılarını dikkate almak suretiyle tüketicileri ve adil rekabeti korumak için yapmaktadır. Öte yandan yetkili merciler hemen her konuda olduğu gibi reklam denetimi konusunda da hata yapabilmektedir. Reklam Kurulu Türkiye’de reklam denetimi ile ilgili en yetkili kurumdur. Bu çalışmada, Reklam Kurulu’nun yasaklamış olduğu dönüşümsel televizyon reklamlarının ve reklam etiği ile ilgili Türkiye’de en çok tartışılan konulardan biri olan örtülü reklam ya da ürün yerleştirme adı verilen uygulamaların insanlar tarafından nasıl değerlendirildiği ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmaktadır. Literatürde yaygın şekilde kullanılan bir etik ölçeğinin reklama uyarlanmasıyla geliştirilen 34 soruluk anket aracılığyla Türkiye’nin 7 farklı coğrafi bölgesinde yaşayan toplam 352 katılımcıya ulaşılmıştır. İncelemeye alınan üç televizyon reklamı, her bir katılımcıya izletilmiş kendilerine anket soruları yöneltilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulardan hareketle Reklam Kurulu’nun dönüşümsel reklamlarla ilgili cezai müeyyide kararları verirken daha dikkatli olması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Tourists’ Perception of Travel Risk and Management in Destination amid Covid-19 Pandemic: Empirical Evidence from Nepal
Authors: Devkota Niranjan , Kmeco Ľubomír , Thapa Sunil , Houška Petr , Poudel Udaya Raj
Published: December 2022

Travel risk and management views of tourists have a key role in their choice of locations while the COVID-19 epidemic is still causing travel-related concerns. Despite many studies available in the western world, the effect of COVID-19 has been less explored in Nepal. Thus, this research aims to investigate travel risk and management perception in post-COVID tourism activities in Nepal. Based on pathogen stress theory and explanatory research design, this study seeks a causal relationship between Travel Risk and Management in Nepal. Following the purposive sampling technique, data collection is done using KOBO Toolbox through a structured questionnaire. Findings revealed that Risk Management, Transportation Patterns, Distribution Channel, Avoidance of Overpopulated destinations, Hygiene and Safety are significant to Travel risk and management perception whereas Risk Management, Travel risk and management perception, Service Delivery, Distribution Channel, Hygiene and Safety are significant to COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal which supports pathogen-stress theory. Furthermore, travel risk and management perception partially mediate the favorable association between avoidance of overpopulated destinations and the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the primary problems faced by the traveler were securing a comfortable hotel and selecting a destination where COVID risk is minimum. However, the COVID-19 break has caused health concerns among visitors, causing many to cancel their holiday plans. Therefore, in the post-pandemic phase, tourists are more concerned about the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on their travel activities and choice.
Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Corporate Social Responsibility in the Hotel Industry – Case of the Czech Republic
Authors: Vávrová Jitka
Published: December 2022

This paper concerns Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the hotel industry. The main goal was to find out how the CSR activities of hotels changed during the coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19). The research on this topic was executed in the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic, due to the local tourism diversity, provides a representative picture of the topic in a European context. A unique questionnaire survey of 154 respondents selected by quotes was performed in May 2022. Managers of hotels answered questions about CSR efforts before the coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) and now. CSR activities were examined in several areas of economic, social, and environmental responsibility. The picture of CSR evolution over time influenced by the COVID-19 crisis can be seen. The paper presents several surprising facts. It shows that smaller facilities can also perform CSR and that lower annual turnover is not a barrier for hotels. The gathered data and implications are analysed in detailed contingency tables and visualized in a graph. Due to the specificity of the data, the uncertainty coefficient and Cramer's V coefficient were chosen to explore possible associations in the dataset. The largest benefit of this study is that the data represents not only external reports of CSR but also strategic thinking of hotel facilities. The next benefit of the study is a unique model of specific CSR activities that hotels perform now.
Effects of Gibberellic Acid on Thioacetamide-Induced Acute Liver Toxicity in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: Mohamed Makki Haytham Mohamedelfatih
Published: December 2022

Gibberellic acid (GBA) is a natural plant growth hormone, controlling many developmental processes. In order to explore the protective effects of GBA against Thioacetamide (TAA)-induced acute liver toxicity, thirty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated into six groups (5 rats/group); Normal control (NC): received distilled water (DW) per os (p.o.), GBA only: received (20 mg/kg, p.o.) of GBA, TAA: received DW and TAA (350 mg/kg, i.p.), GBA 5: received GBA (5 mg/kg, p.o.) and TAA (350 mg/kg, i.p.), GBA 10: received GBA (10 mg/kg, p.o.) and TAA (350 mg/kg, i.p.), and GBA 20: received GBA (20 mg/kg, p.o.) and TAA (350 mg/kg, i.p.). Blood and plasma were collected for biochemical analysis while liver tissues were harvested and preserved for histological analysis. The results confirmed the TAA-induced acute liver toxicity by the significantly increased liver enzymes, hypoglycemia, hypoxia, polycythemia, and metabolic acidosis as compared with NC. However, pretreatment of TAA-intoxicated rats with GBA indicated the hepatoprotective effects by reducing liver enzyme levels significantly and alleviating hepatic lesions in a dose-dependent manner
Gastroprotective Effect of Aqueous Achatina achatina L. (Snail) Slime Extract on Indomethacin- and Acidified Ethanol-Induced Ulceration in Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Nworah Florence N
Published: December 2022

Snail slime is used widely in African traditional medicine, specifically in Nsukka Enugu, Nigeria, for wound management; however, this claim lacks scientific validation. Herein, we investigated the gastroprotective effect of aqueous Achatina achatina L. (snail) slime extract (ASSE) on indomethacin- and ethanol-induced ulceration in Wistar albino rat models. Biochemical analysis of ASSE showed appreciable levels of manganese, iron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, selenium, Vitamin C, B1, B2, and B3 and a basic pH. The experimental design consists of two Phases (five groups of five rats each). In both Phases, group I (positive control) received 3ml of distilled water, while groups II-V received 20 mg/kg body weight omeprazole (standard drug), 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bw ASSE, respectively, via oral intubation. The various treatments lasted for 21-days. Following 24-hours fasting with access to only water (which spanned between the 22nd -23rd day), ulceration was induced separately on the experimental animals in Phase I with a single oral dose of indomethacin (30 mg/kg bw) and in Phase II with a single oral dose of acidified ethanol (1.5 ml/ kg bw), via the gastric gavage. The LD50 study showed safety up to 5000 mg/kg bw ASSE. After induction, a significant (P<0.05) increase in the number of ulcers and mean ulcer index were recorded in group 1 of both Phases; however, rats administered various concentrations of ASSE showed significant (P<0.05) amelioration of the ulceration in both Phases, and these were on par with the standard control. These results suggest that aqueous snail slime extract possesses gastroprotective potential
Molecular Characterization and Therapeutic Insights into Biofilm Positive Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Bovine Subclinical Mastitis
Authors: Ahmad Arslan
Published: December 2022

The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence and molecular characterization of biofilm-positive S. aureus isolates from bovine subclinical mastitis. The study also highlights the role of commonly used NSAIDs and ivermectin to modulate the S. aureus-associated antibiotic resistance. The results found a 41.41% S. aureus prevalence, out of which 25.79% isolates were biofilm-positive based on Congo red agar, microtitre plate test, and presence of icaA gene. Phylogenetic analysis of study isolates showed a high similarity with Egyptian and Indian icaA-positive S. aureus isolates. The comparative antibiotic resistance profiling showed a significantly (p<0.05) higher resistance to gentamicin, oxytetracycline, and cotrimoxazole by biofilm-positive isolates compared to non-biofilm forming isolates. The prevalence of methicillin and vancomycin resistant S. aureus was 62.5 and 20.83%, respectively. Antimicrobial effects of non-antibiotics against study isolates accessed through well diffusion method showed higher zones of inhibition for meloxicam followed by flunixin, ketoprofen, and ivermectin. The combinations of resistant antibiotics with non-antibiotics were investigated using well diffusion method and checkerboard assay. The combinations of amoxicillin/meloxicam, cotrimoxazole/flunixin, cotrimoxazole/ ketoprofen, and gentamicin/flunixin on well diffusion method and cotrimoxazole/ flunixin, amoxicillin/ketoprofen and gentamicin/flunixin on checkerboard assay revealed synergistic interactions. The study concluded that biofilm positive S. aureus is an emerging and prevailing cause of bovine mastitis in dairy farms of Pakistan. The increasing antibiotic resistance in S. aureus can be modulated by combining the resistant antibiotics with NSAIDs, especially flunixin and ketoprofen
Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms of Sophorae tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma anti-DHAV-1 by Network Pharmacology Analysis
Authors: Wang Weiran
Published: December 2022

The study investigated the bioactive ingredients and the anti-duck hepatitis A virus 1 (DHAV-1) mechanisms of Sophorae tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma (STR) by network pharmacology (NP) and molecular docking (MD). The main bioactive ingredients of the STR were obtained using TCMSP database. Cytoscape 3.8.2 software was used for topology analysis and construction of the STR-active molecule-target interaction network. The STRING database and Cytoscape plotted Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. The key targets of STR were analyzed and enriched by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment. Finally, the main bioactive ingredients of the STR were verified by MD. The STR-DHAV-1 target network included 13 ingredients and 34 target genes. The key target gene is IL-6. KEGG analysis revealed that the main pathways included AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, pathways in cancer, and C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway. MD results further verified that the main bioactive components identified in the STR were quercetin, kaempferol and matrine, which had higher binding activities to target. Network pharmacology and molecular docking studies revealed that quercetin, kaempferol and matrine were the main bioactive ingredients of STR and might play a crucial role in potential molecular DHAV-1 therapeutic mechanisms
DOENÇAS HEMATOLÓGICAS
Authors: Neves Thalyta Mayssa Paiva das , Silva Gisele Maria Cardoso da , Oliveira Elane Magalhães , Lago Sarah Jacqueline Costa do , Sousa Yasmin Martins de , Guimarães Júlio Éliton Lima , Miranda Lilian Cristina Mainardes de , Môra Lídia Batista de , Assunção Luana Priscila , Silva Adams Brunno , Penha José Gustavo Monteiro , Costa Claudeth Freitas da , Santos Geraldo Viana , Roque Thicianne da Silva , Brito Danielle de Sousa Ferreira , Nascimento Leoméria Lima do , Martins Ana Caroline Guedes Souza
Published: December 2022

A consulta de enfermagem é uma estratégia eficaz para a detecção precoce de desvios de saúde e acompanhamento de medidas instituídas, as quais se dirigem ao bem-estar das pessoas. Os hemocentros são referências no diagnóstico e tratamento das patologias ligadas ao sangue e, cada vez mais, tem fortalecido mecanismos de suporte aos seus usuários. Porém são escassos os estudos que remetem a consulta de enfermagem em hemocentros, despertando o interesse em relatar as atividades desenvolvidas pelo enfermeiro na consulta de enfermagem ao paciente hematológico em Hemocentro Regional no nordeste do Pará.
Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, que consiste em descrever a vivência de uma enfermeira nas consultas de enfermagem aos usuários de um hemocentro, resultando na contextualização da consulta de enfermagem e na descrição da assistência de enfermagem ao paciente hematológico, incluindo os atendimentos ocorridos no período de junho a novembro de 2020.
Portanto, conclui-se que os enfermeiros exercem um papel fundamental no atendimento ao paciente com doenças hematológicas e precisam estar adequadamente preparados para desempenhar esta responsabilidade, buscando a redução das distâncias entre a prática e o conhecimento científico disponível, de forma a ofertar um atendimento sistematizado e consequentemente, de qualidade.
Peer-Review Statements
Authors: Agarwal Vishnu , Sinha Rupika , Mal Joyabrata
Published: December 2022

All of the articles in this proceedings volume have been presented at the Biosangam 2022 during March 10–12, 2022 in Prayagraj. These articles have been peer reviewed by the members of the Review Committee and approved by the Editor-in-Chief, who affirms that this document is a truthful description of the conference’s review process.
CoSSDb: A Database of Co-crystallized Ligand Sub-structures for Anticancer Lead Designing & Optimization
Authors: Prakash Om , Khan Feroz
Published: December 2022

The Discovery of the novel optimized structures of small molecules for selective targeting is one of the challenging tasks in drug designing. Bioisosteres are the key components of the lead compound, which provide hidden power to the compound scaffold for selective targeting. We are presenting a database, named CoSSDb which stands for Co-crystallized Sub-Structure Database. The CoSSDb contains ligand sub-structures as possible bioisosteres. extracted from PDB files, available in Protein Data Bank. Sub-structures were extracted through an algorithm, which utilizes the location of atoms in the 3D domain of the complex ligand & protein. It processes the relative positioning of atoms for demarcation of the influential part of the ligand, which interacts with macromolecule and provides potency to that ligand for binding with a specific binding pocket of the protein. The algorithm was used to extract sub-structures from the ligands co-crystallized with proteins involved in cancer. About 7721 x-ray crystallography PDB files were processed, and 654 non-redundant substructures were identified. These sub-structures will be useful during designing & optimization of novel ligands for selective targets. The database is freely accessible at ‘https://opticket49.wixsite.com/substructdb’.
Loss of Function of Sth1, The Catalytic Component of RSC (Remodel the Structure of Chromatin) Complex Grossly Alter the Chromatin Architecture
Authors: Prasad Priya
Published: December 2022

Chromatin architecture has a profound effect on the gene expression in eukaryotes. It is constantly modulated in the cells in response to different stress condition and during the normal physiological process in the cell. The chromatin is also modulated during the cell growth and division, where several proteins involved during the cell cycle are synthesized, and hence the gene expression profile and chromatin state of an actively dividing cell differ from that of a resting cell in G0 state. Candida albicans, which is a harmless commensal in human host and an opportunistic fungal pathogen also show dynamic chromatin architecture, and this is facilitated by the several epigenetic determinants, which modulate the chromatin architecture. In this context, RSC (Remodel the structure of chromatin) complex in C. albicans is previously shown to be crucial for cell viability and to carry out several DNA templated events, like kinetochore function and cohesion enrichment. To correlate the role of RSC in kinetochore function with the chromatin architecture at centromeric and non-centromeric region, here we have shown that the chromatin at non-CEN7 regions shows lesser occupancy of nucleosomes in absence of Sth1 protein (catalytic component of RSC complex), which is due to the reduced binding but not due to the reduced expression of the histones.
Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies for the Evaluation of Laccase Mediated Biodegradation of Triclosan
Authors: Ranimol G. , Devipriya C. B. , Sunkar Swetha
Published: December 2022

Triclosan (TCA) is an antibacterial and antimicrobial compound that is incorporated into toothpaste, soap, and liquid dishwasher. Continuous TCA exposure may contribute to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the microbiome. Triclosan also reacts to form dioxins, which bioaccumulate and are toxic to aquatic organisms, impedes the thyroid hormone metabolism of the human body. Laccases are multi copper-containing enzymes that can degrade the aromatic compounds and thus reduce their toxicity. To effectively degrade the compound, it is essential to understand the molecular function of the enzyme. Hence, a molecular docking study of laccase enzymes with Triclosan was done. The Tramates versicolor laccase structure was retrieved from PDB and ligand structure was taken from Pubchem. The binding mode and interaction of TCA and laccase were studied using Auto dock Vina software and the stability of the docked complex had been explored via Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation study using Schrodinger Desmonde. The binding affinity score was found to be −6.5kcal/mol. The majority of the residues in RMSF were within the 2.5Å limit. The radius of gyration remained within the range from 21.7 to 22.1Å for Laccase – TCA complex throughout the 50 ns simulation. MD simulation results show that the enzyme complex remains stable all through the catalytic action.
Pomegranate Extract Protects Endothelial Cells from TNF-α Associated Damage
Authors: Vini Ravindran , Sreekumar Sreeja , Azeez Juberiya M. , Sreeharshan Sreeja
Published: December 2022

Pomegranates are known for being rich in polyphenols and are considered to have immense therapeutic potential. The present study investigates the hypothesis that the Methanolic Extract of Pomegranate (PME), a rich source of antioxidants, may reverse the adverse effects of TNF-α in endothelial cells. This was done by pre-treating the endothelial cells EA.hy926 with PME (80 µg/ml) before subjecting them to apoptotic stimuli, which was TNF-α in combination with cyclohexamide. PME was found to rescue a population of cells from apoptosis induced by TNF-α modulating the levels of BCL2 and BAX involved in intrinsic apoptotic pathway. PME was found to increase the BCL-2/BAX ratio and reverse the elevated levels of effector caspase and thus assist cells to escape from apoptotic stimuli. Also, the extract was found to attenuate oxidative stress by reducing the levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Supplementing its anti-atherosclerotic potential, PME pre-treatment diminished the elevated levels of adhesion molecules like VCAM upon TNF-α treatment. PME may therefore have therapeutic implications in protecting the endothelium from TNF-α triggered atherosclerosis.
Nanotechnology in COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Jain Ananya , Sharma Shilpa
Published: December 2022

Nanotechnology has been proposed in vaccine development as carriers and adjuvants time and again but received limited recognition before the development of vaccines for the COVID-19 pandemic. Nanotechnology has played a pivotal role in the triumph of the vaccines for the current pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The first vaccine got approved within a year of the earliest reported case of the novel coronavirus. Presently, more than 35 vaccines are approved in at least one country, 10 out of which are sanctioned for emergency use by the WHO. The key categories include peptide vaccine, mRNA vaccine, inactivated & viral vector vaccines. Nanotechnology is a crucial component in the success of mRNA vaccines. Nanoparticles not only allow targeted drug delivery but also boost the pharmacokinetic profile and the immune response against the therapeutic. A few nanoparticles have received approval for use as adjuvants (MF59), and countless others (virosomes, PGLA) are under development for many vaccines for infectious diseases, for instance, Influenza, Hepatitis B, Human Papillomavirus, Malaria, Tuberculosis, etc. In this article, we will review the vaccines available against SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on the nanotechnology utilized in their development.
Antimicrobial Activity of Some Essential Oils Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Srivastava Anmol , Kumar Vivek , Agarwal Vishnu
Published: December 2022

The emergence of multidrug resistance in bacteria due to overuse of antibiotics is becoming an important health concern in recent years, which requires development of novel alternatives to fight against these bacteria. Essential oils (EOs) are secondary metabolites that have different components and chemical compositions which may provide promising solution to the problem of rising number of drug resistant bacteria, as they can effectively kill bacteria. Here, in this study our aim is to determine the efficacy of lemongrass, rosemary, clary sage, geranium and tea tree essential oil against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, using agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these EOs were also determined. The chemical composition of these essential oils were known by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. It was revealed in this study that most of the essential oils show antimicrobial property against the test bacterium. The MIC of lemongrass is 0.25% (v/v), rosemary is 1% (v/v), clary sage is 2% (v/v), geranium is 0.5% (v/v) and for tea tree oil is 1% (v/v). We can infer from this data that lemongrass, rosemary, clary sage, geranium and tree oil can be utilized to treat infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is a gram-negative bacterium.
Phytochemicals as Potential Drug Candidates for SARS Cov-2: An RDRp Based In-Silico Drug Designing
Authors: Joy Christy , Cyriac Marria C.
Published: December 2022

The global pandemic that the world is currently witnessing, COVID-19, even with vaccines available, the test positivity rate (TPR) tends to remain highly threatening. This research focuses on identifying phytochemicals, previously known for their broad-spectrum antiviral properties which can be potential drug candidates for theSARS-CoV-2. A total of 225 phytocompounds (downloaded from PubChem database) are docked against targetprotein (downloaded from PDB database) of SARS-CoV-2using the POAP pipeline. The target protein is the RDRp complex. They are screened according to their binding affinity values and the filtered phytochemicals are then subjected to various analyses including ADME properties (preADMET, swissADME), bioactivity score, and molecular properties (molinspiration), drug-likeness (preADMET), lipophilicity, water solubility, and pharmacokinetics (swissADME). The receptor-ligand interactions and the amino acid positions are obtained using Discovery Studio Visualiser. Molecular dynamic simulation studies are performed to reveal key receptor-drug interactions that must be formed to achieve tight drug binding and also to predict stability. Out of the 225, 10 phytochemicals showed the best scores and more probability of drug action. Compounds that showed promising drug action potential include oriciacridone, corilagin, cinchophyllamine, sophaline D, amentoflavone, cryptomisrine, ginkgetin, hypericin, pseudojervine, dieckol, hinokiflavone, robustaflavone, solamargine. The research herein provides new possibilities for in vitro and in vivo analyses of the proposed ligands to develop new drugs againstSARS-CoV-2.
Nanozymes for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Yadav Divyansh , Nara Seema
Published: December 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases are incurable diseases that get worse as time passes. These diseases are very heterogeneous in nature but have common characteristics like abnormal deposition of protein, glycation, inflammation in particular areas of the brain, and progressive neuronal loss due to oxidative stress. Among these, oxidative stress alone causes a high level of degeneration of neurons. To reduce oxidative stress, natural antioxidants are used but they have some drawbacks like instability, high cost and low reusability. To overcome this, nanozymes are introduced and we have emphasized on major nanozymes whose antioxidant capability has been proven which are gold nanozymes, fullerene, nanoceria, and quantum dots. Gold nanoparticles and their conjugates with other molecules can mimic the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase which decrease the amount of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals in cells. Gold Nanozyme treatment reduces the oxidative stress, nitrite, and sulfhydryl levels in the brain and also rectifies the superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and catalase activity levels. Fullerenols has shown superoxide dismutase activity which was 268 times more effective than mannitol and 37 times more effective than Vitamin E for lipid radicals. Nanoceria has the ability to mimic Superoxide Dismutase as well as catalase activity, can also detoxify peroxynitrite. Quantum dots (QDs) like Graphene Oxide QDs can scavenge the reactive oxygen species and also show indirect activity which alleviates the pathogenesis of the disease. Thus, a nanozyme can be used as an efficient nanomedicine if it is tailored to possess high catalytic activity while eliminating all complications.
Development of laterite ore processing and its applications
Authors:   Research Unit for Mineral Technology, Innovation and Research National Agency Indonesia, Bahfie Fathan , Manaf Azwar ,   Physic Department, FMIPA, Universitas Indonesia, Astuti Widi ,   Research Unit for Mineral Technology, Innovation and Research National Agency Indonesia, Nurjaman Fajar ,   Research Unit for Mineral Technology, Innovation and Research National Agency Indonesia, Prastyo Erik ,   Research Unit for Mineral Technology, Innovation and Research National Agency Indonesia, Herlina Ulin ,   Research Unit for Mineral Technology, Innovation and Research National Agency Indonesia
Published: December 2022

Nickel ore is found in two types sulfide and laterite. The sulfide is a nickel ore that has high nickel content and low reserves of natural resources than of the zinc laterite. In contrast, the laterite is a rock mineral that contains the iron-nickel oxide compounds. There are two methods of processing nickel laterite, namely hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy. The former is a method that uses leaching by a chemical solution or solid such as acid, as a reducing agent. The alkaline leaching (ammonia) is the most optimal method to obtain a nickel grade with the highest recovery but it needs more modification. Pyrometallurgical method uses high heat up to 1800°C, so it requires a lot of energy and needs improvement to decrease the carbon usage. The rotary kiln-electric furnace method is the optimal method for developing the nickel laterite. These methods generate products that can be applied to various fields. For example, the pyrometallurgy method produces nickel pig iron and ferronickel as raw materials for stainless steel and steel alloys. The hydrometallurgy method produces nickel sulfate and nickel oxide with a purity of 99% by weight as raw materials for magnets, sensors, and batteries. Hence, the hydrometallurgy method still needs improvements for the environmentally friendly reagent. Therefore, bioleaching will be a nickel laterite leaching process in the future by using bacteria as the reducing agent.
Analysis of explosive energy distribution at Pit 7 West PT. Makmur Mandiri Utama Binungan Suaran - Berau, East Kalimantan Province
Authors:   Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, Gusman Mulya , Fauzi Fellya Septia ,   Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, Octova Andree ,   Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang
Published: December 2022

Blasting geometry and blasting material filling are closely related to the rock mass characteristics and the geological conditions to obtain ideal fragmentation. Blastability Index analysis, including Description of Rock Mass, Combined Plane Spacing, Combined Plane Orientation, Specific Gravity Influencey, and Hardness, are the alternative geometry experiment conducted to overcome the problem of rock fragmentation so that the speed of excavation equipment can increase according to the productivity of Komatsu PC2000 plan at PT. BUMA Jobsite BINSUA. Furthermore, the actual rock values obtained from blasting location and alternative geometry recommendations using R.L.Ash theory combined with Vertical Energy Distribution theory. In the C2 layer with a rock factor value of 5.95, the recommended load is 7.2 m, space is 8.3 m, and the VED explosive power is 48%. In layer D2 the rock factor value is 6.89 with a load of 7.5 m, space of 8.3 m, and 55% VED explosive charge. While in the DU layer, the rock factor value is 6.39 with a load of 7.3 m, 8.4 m space, and 51% VED filling of explosives. Prediction of blasting fragmentation analysis using Kuz-ram theory obtained fragmentation > 100 cm, namely 14.99% for the C2 layer, 14.84% for the D2 layer, and 14.82% for the DU layer.