bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Max Weber on Science, in the Context of Our Days Thinking
Authors: Markova Lyudmila A.
Published: December 2020

Max Weber analyzes the science of the Modern Period. The revolution in physics at the beginning of the 20th century, the creation of quantum mechanics bring to the fore another type of scientific thinking. It is important to note that past knowledge in this case is not refuted, not destroyed, it becomes marginal and enters into communication with its competitor. It is this type of communication with Weber’s philosophy of scientific thinking that helps us to understand its specificity. According to Weber, new knowledge is derived from the previous one, refuting its truth. On this basis, Weber writes that science is different from the art, where the created works retain their significance regardless of the time when they were created. For modern science the predecessor is necessary as another, without which not any communication is possible. Classical science, about which Weber writes, is necessary and continues to function. Satisfying the reemerging needs of society, it can detect previously hidden possibilities and, at the same time, encourage new scientific thinking to strengthen its position.The concept of revolution disappears gradually from the works on science. Instead, sociological concepts such as an innovation center or a technopark that combine simultaneously changes in the logic of knowledge and in the technical equipment of society are becoming popular. Logical and social characteristics of science are combined, the boundary between them becomes less noticeable. If in the era of classics the artificial world surrounding man was built on the basis of the laws of nature, now it is being created on the basis of the laws of thinking. For Weber, this world was silent and dead, this is what classical science testified to. Now the world around us is endowed with artificial intelligence, and we must be able to communicate with it. To understand Weber, it is necessary to establish contact with the world of classics, and not to try to destroy it and to declare it worthless.
Is “Analytic Philosophy” a Philosophy?
Authors: Nikiforov Alexander L.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the issue of the nature of analytic philosophy. It is shown that in the 1920s–1940s it was a certain philosophical school, whose representatives were united by some initial principles. Analytic philosophers saw the main task of philosophy in the analysis of the language of natural sciences, in establishing logical connections between scientific propositions, in the empirical substantiation of scientific theories and in the elimination of speculative concepts and proposals from the language of science. The tool for such analysis was the mathematical logic created at the beginning of the 20th century by G. Frege, A.N. Whitehead, B. Russell. Another characteristic feature of the analytic tradition was a negative attitude toward philosophical speculation. Adherents of this tradition believed that philosophy does not provide knowledge about the world, therefore, it is not a science. Analytic philosophers have made a significant contribution to the methodology of scientific knowledge, offering an accurate description of the hypothetical-deductive structure of scientific theory, methods of scientific explanation and prediction, verification, confirmation and refutation of scientific statements. In the late 1930s, most of the analytic philosophers emigrated to England and the United States. The analytic movement is gradually losing its integrity and loses the features of a philosophical school. There is a rejection of mathematical logic as the main means of analysis, the connection with the natural sciences has been lost. In the second half of the 20th century, analytic philosophy from a specific philosophical school turns into a certain style of thinking of the philosophers of various philosophical research areas and orientations.
Noonomics. Experience of Creative Continuation of S.D. Bodrunov’s Ideas
Authors: Shachin Sviatoslav V.
Published: December 2020

The article presents the main provisions of S.D. Bodrunov’s theory of noonomics and synthesizes them with the leading theories of the leaders of the Frankfurt school: Jürgen Habermas and Axel Honneth. Noonomics refers to a new stage in the development of society as a whole, in which people will be forced out of material production, which will allow everyone to freely develop their creative powers. However, on the way to noonomics, humanity must avoid falling into a state of “digital concentration camp,” which is possible only by transforming human nature itself, moving “from zoo- to noo-state.” This implies a synthesis of science and culture and the highest value of moral self-improvement for each person. Therefore, it is the development of the human mind that will allow the transition to noonomics. It is the study of the content and possibilities of the mind that will allow us to creatively develop the theory of noonomics by using J. Habermas’s concept of communicative rationality and A. Honneth’s new theory of socialism. Communicative rationality is a special capability which makes possible to achieve mutual understanding between representatives of con-flicting social classes and develop universal norms of activity that allow for the sustainable development of society as a whole. This capability can be developed within a special institutional environment based on solidarity activities. Thus, each person will consider the successful implementation of the plans of others as a condition for the possibility of implementing their plans. This network of social institutions based on solidarity activity will be the realization of freedom in its social form. Within the framework of solidarity activities, new universal meanings of social development arise, which the communicative community will be able to formulate. Further, these meanings will replace the existing ones, which are focused on profit and unlimited economic growth, and thus transform the existing institutional system.
Biografische Dynamiken moralischer Positionierungen in Prozessen sozialer Reintegration
Authors: Zahradnik Franz
Published: December 2020

Sich von anderen in moralischer Weise abzugrenzen ist eine verbreitete Reaktionsweise, wenn man sich durch äußere Zuschreibungen in die Nähe von stigmatisierten Gruppen wie etwa Drogenkonsument*innen gestellt sieht. Dieser bekannte, bisher nur im Querschnitt untersuchte Forschungsbefund wird im vorliegenden Beitrag anhand einer theorieorientierten Fallrekonstruktion von vier Längsschnittinterviews mit einem wegen Drogendelikten strafrechtlich verurteilten Mann tiefergehend untersucht. Es zeigt sich im Zeitverlauf, dass sich verändernde soziale Kontexte je spezifische moralisch begründete Abgrenzungen und Zugehörigkeitsbekundungen mithervorbringen. Als moralische Differenzierungslinien dienen vor allem Arbeitsorientierung, alltägliche Lebensführung, Kontrolle des Drogenkonsums sowie Kriminalität. Die narrativen Positionierungen verweisen auf Anerkennungsund Statuskonflikte, die in den verschiedenen Phasen auf spezifische Weise herausgefordert werden und sich teils deutlich zuspitzen. Es zeigt sich, dass hierbei die jeweiligen Erfahrungen der Einbindung in Institutionen der Hilfe und Kontrolle eine bedeutsame Rolle spielen. Die Ablösung von diesen Institutionen, insbesondere durch die Integration in Erwerbsarbeit, beruhigt die Abgrenzung von stigmatisierten Gruppen und bringt neue moralische Differenzierungslinien hervor.
Продуктивность и хлебопекарные свойства ×Trititrigia cziczinii
Authors: Иванова Любовь Петровна , Кузнецова Наталья Леонидовна , Ермоленко Ольга Ивановна , Клименкова Ирина Николаевна , Клименков Фёдор Иванович , Щуклина Ольга Александровна , Упелниек Владимир Петрович
Published: December 2020

Многолетняя пшеница — трититригия, несущая гены своих родительских видов, в качестве которых использовали виды пырея Agropyron elongatum (Host) P. Beauv. [syn. Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Zhi W. Liu et R. R.-C. Wang] и A. glaucum (Desf. ex DC) Roem. and Schult. [syn. Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth et D. R. Dewey] и сорта мягкой и твердой пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L. и T. durum Desf.) в различных комбинациях, унаследовала много положительных свойств своих родителей (многолетность, способность к отрастанию после уборки, более высокий показатели качества зерна — содержание белка, клейковины и т.д., устойчивость к неблагоприятным почвенно-климатическим условиям, ряду болезней). Для установления объективной оценки качественных показателей зерна трититригии в условиях центрального региона России в зоне рискованного земледелия изучены технологические и хлебопекарные показатели некоторых образцов данной культуры. При обычных условиях для роста и развития растений многолетняя пшеница накапливает в зерне значительное количество белка — 18 – 19 %. Анализ хлебопекарных достоинств трититригии показал, что основные показатели такие как внешний вид, пористость, объем хлеба, превышают показатели сорта озимой пшеницы Московская 39, используемого в качестве стандарта. Исследуемые образцы многолетней пшеницы (М 3202, ЗП 26,548, Памяти Любимовой) имели высокую хлебопекарную оценку — от 3,8 до 4,0 баллов соответственно, тогда как у стандарта Московская 39 общая оценка — 3,7 балла.
Writing Women into the Russian Revolution of 1917
Authors: Lindenmeyr Adele
Published: December 2020

While scholarship on Russian women’s history has flourished in recent decades, the participation of women in the 1917 Revolution continues to be under-researched and poorly understood. This article explores various reasons for the marginalization of women in studies of the revolution. It reviews promising recent research that recovers women’s experiences and voices, including work on women in the wartime labor force and soldiers’ wives, and argues for the usefulness of a feminist and gendered approach to studying 1917.
Совет министров Российской империи перед Февральской революцией (конец 1916 – начало 1917 гг.)
Authors: Владимирович Лукоянов Игорь
Published: December 2020

Статья посвящена правительству Российской империи в канун революции, когда его возглавляли А.Ф. Трепов и Н.Д. Голицын. В фокусе внимания – причины и механизм смены министров и глав кабинетов, влияния на кабинет с разных сторон, в том числе и «темных сил», противостояние самодержавия и «либеральной общественности» по вопросу о кабинете. Вопреки циркулирующему в историографии мнению о развале правительственной власти накануне Февральской революции автор полагает, что наибольшей остроты кризис Совета министров достиг в декабре 1916 г. В начале 1917 г. Николай ii, делавший до этого ставку на взаимодействие кабинета с Государственной думой, принял решение о сдвиге исполнительной власти вправо. Он отказался идти на уступки либеральной оппозиции и, по-видимому, готовил государственный переворот для создания новой системы самодержавной власти в России из единомышленного правого правительства, которое опиралось бы на правое большинство Государственного совета и поддерживающую его значительную группу умеренно правых депутатов Государственной думы, сформированную вокруг национальной фракции. Для осуществления этой идеи требовался роспуск нижней палаты и изменение порядка прохождения законопроектов, чтобы передавать для дальнейшего движения мнение не только большинства, но также и меньшинства (имея в виду правое меньшинство) депутатов. Важная роль в оценке планов по изменению конфигурации правительства отводится убийству Г.Е. Распутина, чье влияние, прямое и косвенное через императрицу Александру Федоровну, на министров и их назначения по признаку личной лояльности исключало проведение единого правого курса. В целом, состояние правительства в конце февраля 1917 г. стало несколько лучше, чем в декабре 1916 г. У власти сформировалось представление о том, как выйти из правительственного кризиса, но реализация задуманных мер требовала времени – ей помешала революция.
Полифамильность русского крестьянства. Постановка проблемы
Authors: Васильевич Азовцев Андрей
Published: December 2020

В статье исследуется фамилиекон крестьянской общины с. Путятино Сапожковского уезда Рязанской губернии в период его становлении (начало xvii –начало xx в.). По итогам рассмотрения принципы номинации и сущность бытования денотатов данной локальной антропонимной системы характеризуются как полифамильные. Ставится вопрос о возможности экстраполяции полученных результатов на русское крестьянство в целом.
Автобиография Михаила Михайловича Карповича
Authors: Tpибунcкий Пaвeл Aлeкcaндpoвич
Published: December 2020

Впервые публикуется полная автобиография историка и общественного деятеля М.М. Карповича (1888–1959), находящаяся в частном архиве его сына, С.М. Карповича. Автобиография, написанная в 1956 г., легла в основу очерка Ф.Э. Мозли, который на долгие годы лег в основу известных биографий Карповича. Пространные комментарии позволяют увидеть ошибки и недоговоренности в автобиографии, повлекшие за собой схожие недочеты в работах об историке.
Stalin and An Artifact of Soviet Historiography
Authors: Halperin Charles J.
Published: December 2020

The incomplete five-volume Ocherki istorii istoricheskoi nauki v sssr
, published between 1955 and 1985, is a fascinating artifact of Soviet historiography’s ability to mobilize academic resources for large-scale projects. It is also a barometer of the evolution of Soviet historiography between the death of Stalin and the onset of perestroika. This essay traces its treatment of the hottest, hot-button historical issue it addressed, Stalin.
INFLUENCE OF DYNAMIC LOADING ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYMER IMPACT DAMPERS
Authors: Altuhov Vladimir , Boldyrev Aleksey , Zhirov Pavel
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of dynamic loading on the characteristics of polymer elements of shock absorbers of the rolling stock of railways and to the description of the creation of a mathematical model of their work. The results of mathematical modeling are further used to solve problems of the longitudinal dynamics of rolling stock. In the study, the initial loading rate varied, the ambient temperature and the influence of the wear factor remained unchanged. For the operating speeds of a freight car, a mathematical model of the PMKP-110 draft gear was determined.
Pengembangan Media Komik Berbasis Digital Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada Materi Metamorfosis Di Kelas Tinggi
Authors: Andayani Feni , Maula Luthfi Hamdani , Sutisnawati Astri
Published: December 2020

This study aims to develop digital-based comic media on students' critical thinking skills on high-class metamorphosis material. This type of research uses Research and Development (RnD). The research instrument used questionnaires and tests. The subject of this research was conducted by a validator (a media expert lecturer, a material expert lecturer and 2 homeroom teachers). It can be concluded that the quality of comic products as a learning medium for critical thinking skills based on validation results by expert lecturers and practitioners. The final result of the comic media feasibility assessment on each component is that the content, material and media feasibility components are categorized as 'Excellent' by experts and practitioners, making it very feasible to test.
Pengembangan Media Racing Game Tematik Sub Tema Aturan Keselamatan di Perjalanan Bagi Siswa Kelas 2 Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Prastiwigari Rahajeng , Artharina Filia Prima , Rofian Rofian
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the valid value and feasibility of developing Thematic Racing Game media as a learning medium on the Safety Themes at Home and on the Travel Themes Safety Rules in Travel for Grade 2 Elementary School students in terms of the validation of media experts, material experts, and acceptance of the media by the teacher as well as student responses. The type of research used is the Research and Development (RnD) research proposed by Borg and Gall with modifications to the initial field trials and revision of trial results based on preliminary field trial analysis including: (1) Research and information collecting, (2) Planning, (3) Developmet preliminary form a product, (4) preliminary field testing, (5) Main product revision. Data collection was carried out through interview techniques and questionnaires / questionnaires to teachers and students of grade 2 SD Negeri 1 Wanayasa and SD Negeri 3 Wanayasa, Banjarnegara Regency. The results showed that the assessment of the validation test by media experts obtained a percentage of 96.73% with very good criteria and the validation test by material experts obtained an average percentage of 94.30% with very good criteria. The results of field trials obtained a percentage of teacher acceptance of 91.18% with very good criteria and a percentage of student responses with an average acquisition of 96.52% with very good criteria.
Mosses of the vicinities of Portovaya Bay, the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea (Leningrad Region, Russia)
Authors: Kurbatova L. E.
Published: December 2020

104 moss species were found in the vicinities of Portovaya Bay of the Gulf of Finland. The annotated list of species includes information on habitats, substrate and sporophyte production for every species. The peculiarities of moss flora are considered. One of the recorded species — Aulacomnium androgynum — is rare and protected in Russia.
On taxonomic position of Russian species of Lophocolea (Marchantiophyta)
Authors: Potemkin A. D.
Published: December 2020

Taxonomic position of the genus Lophocolea and its species known from Russia is considered. Argumentation to include Lophocolea in Chiloscyphus as a subgenus is provided.
Kesin Bilgi, Yayalım: Hakikat Sonrası Çağda Yalan Haberlere İlişkin Y Kuşağının Tutum ve Davranışları
Authors: KUTLU Asuman , DOĞAN Evin
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı sosyal medyada haber tüketen Y kuşağı üyelerinin yalan haberlere ilişkin tutum ve davranışlarını belirlemektir. Araştırma grubu İstanbul’da yaşayan 891 Y kuşağı üyesinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre Y kuşağı üyeleri sosyal medyada geçirdikleri sürenin önemli bir bölümünü haber tüketimine ayırmaktadır. Haber tüketimi için sosyal medya ve çevrimiçi kaynakları tercih etmelerine rağmen, konvansiyonel medya haberlerine güven duymaktadır. Y kuşağı üyelerinin önemli bir bölümü haber doğrulama platformları hakkında bilgiye sahip değildir. Katılımcıların tamamı sosyal medyada yalan habere maruz kalmakta ve önemli bir bölümü yalan haberleri tespit edebilmektedir. Y kuşağının sosyal medyada doğruluğundan şüphe duydukları haberlerle karşılaştıklarında en sık gerçekleştirdikleri davranış, haberin arama motorlarında araştırılması, şüphe duyulan haberin araştırılmasında en az kullandıkları mecralar haber doğrulama platformlarıdır. Katılımcıların önemli bir bölümü sosyal medyada haber paylaşmadan önce haberin doğruluğunu teyit ederken, bazı katılımcılar doğruluğundan şüphe duydukları haberleri de paylaşmaktadır. Gerçekleştirilen khi-kare analizlerine göre Y kuşağı üyelerinin sosyal medya kullanımı ile cinsiyet, eğitim, ve sosyal medyada haber tüketimi, sosyal medya haberlerine ilişkin güven düzeyi ile cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi, sosyal medya kullanımı ve sosyal medyada haber tüketimi, sosyal medya haberlerinden şüphe duyma ile eğitim düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
Yanlış Bilgi Salgını: COVID-19 Salgını Döneminde Türkiye’de Dolaşıma Giren Sahte Haberler
Authors: AKYÜZ Selman Selim
Published: December 2020

Dijital çağla birlikte sosyal medyanın, haber kaynakları arasında giderek geleneksel medyanın önüne geçmesi, bilgi ve haber güvenilirliği alanında yeni sorunların ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Sahte haber ve yanlış bilgi problemi, dünyada hükümetler, medya ve sivil toplumun odaklandığı önemli bir enformasyon sorunu olarak kabul edilmektedir.
Tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan Koronavirüs (COVID-19) Salgını, sahte haber sorununa yeni bir boyut kazandırmıştır. İnsan sağlığıyla ilgili büyük krize neden olan salgın döneminde üretilen sahte haberler de tıpkı virüs gibi yayılmış ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün “İnfodemi” olarak tanımladığı bir “Yanlış Bilgi Salgını” ortaya çıkmıştır.
Dünyanın birçok ülkesinde, sahte haberle mücadele için çalışmalar yapan doğrulama platformları binlerce şüpheli içeriği incelemiş ve özellikle sosyal medya kaynaklı bu bilgilerin doğrulamasını yaparak okuyucularını bilgilendirmiştir.
Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren üç doğrulama platformunun salgının ilk 5 aylık döneminde yayınladığı doğruluk kontrolü yayınları incelenerek yanlış bilginin yoğunluğu, kaynağı, türü, konuları gibi özellikleri ortaya konulmuştur.
Yapılan içerik analizi sonrası, Türkiye’deki doğrulama platformlarına salgın döneminde okuyucu ilgisinin önemli oranda arttığı, yüzlerce iddianın yapılan incelemeler sonrası çürütüldüğü görülmüştür. En fazla yanlış bilginin virüsün özellikleri, etkileri ve tedavisi ile karar alıcıların uygulamaları konusunda ortaya çıktığı, komplo teorilerine ve kehanet iddialarına ilginin arttığı belirlenmiştir.
Medyada Annelik Temsili: Anaakım ve Alternatif Medyada Anneliğin Sunumuna Yönelik Karşılaştırma
Authors: BOZKUR Binaz , TAYLAN Ahmet
Published: December 2020

Medya sadece haber ve içerikleri bir ayna gibi aktarmamakta, aynı zamanda toplumsal gerçekliğin inşasına katkı vermektedir. Bu bakımdan medyanın toplumsal cinsiyet kalıplarının oluşmasında önemli bir rol oynadığı söylenebilir. Kadınların medyada temsil edilmesi de bu kalıpların olumlu ya da olumsuz yönde yerleşmesinde doğrudan etkilidir. Medyanın kadınları ağırlıklı olarak belirli ve çoğunlukla olumsuz stereotipler doğrultusunda konumlandırdığı söylenebilir. Annelik, kadınlara dair önemli bir kimlik olarak söz konusu kalıp yargıların görünür olduğu bir alandır. Bu çalışmanın konusu medyanın, kadınları annelik kimliği üzerinden temsil etme biçimlerini incelemektir. Çalışmada, medyanın anneliği kadının toplumdaki ikincil konumunu pekiştirecek ve ideal anne tiplemeleri üzerinden kadınları tüketime yönlendirecek şekillerde yansıttığı varsayılmıştır. Bu durum toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğini sürekli yeniden üretmekte ve ticari mantığın toplumsal yararın önüne geçmesine neden olmaktadır. Çalışmada bu sorunun medyanın ana akım mantık dışında alternatif habercilik mantığını benimsemesiyle ortadan kalkıp kalkmadığı sorusuna yanıt aranmıştır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın amacı ana akım medya ile alternatif medyada anneliğin sunumu arasındaki farklılıkların belirlenmesi yoluyla anneliğin medyada temsiline dair olumlu ve olumsuz örnekler üzerinden özgün bir tespite ulaşmaktır. Bu tespit, amaçsal örnekleme ile seçilen iki farklı medya kuruluşunun annelik temsiline dair içeriklerine nitel içerik analizi uygulanarak elde edilen karşılaştırmalı verilerle somutlaştırılmıştır.
Tugas 2 statistik pendidikan
Authors: Ramadani Wahyuni
Published: December 2020

Dengan mengucapkan Alhamdulillahirabbil aalamin , tugas 2 statistik pendidikan telah di selesaikan pada tanggal 10 Desember 2020.
Analisis Ukuran Penyebaran Data (Kemiringan dan Keruncingan) (Studi Kasus:Riwayat Penjualan Usaha Makanan Ibu Apri)
Authors: Nugroho Dzaki Aziz , Firdaus Maulana , Ariyanto Hendry Darmawan
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this journal was to achieve proper understanding of Statistics, specifically Skewness and Kurtosis in Data Distribution. In the 21th century, the usage of Statistics has been proven as an effective method of sorting data in order to reach to a certain conclusion whether it is desirable or not. Data distribution is a fuction or listing which shows all the possible values (or intevals) of the data, data distribution also tells you how often each value occurs. In Statistics, Skewness is used to measure the symmetry of data distribution. Kurtosis is a measure of the combined sizes of the two tails, it measures the amount of probability in the tails. The usage of statistics has improved drastically in the recent decades, with the application of computer in creating statistics, human has achieved better understanding about certain variables that may/might be the cause of an anomaly that will benefit or detriment the human society.
Asymmetries in Perceptual Adjustments to Non-Canonical Pronunciations
Authors: Babel Molly , Johnson Khia A. , Sen Christina
Published: December 2020

This paper examines two plausible mechanisms supporting sound category adaptation: directional shifts towards the novel pronunciation or a general category relaxation of criteria. Focusing on asymmetries in adaptation to the voicing patterns of English coronal fricatives, we suggest that typology or synchronic experience affect adaptation. A corpus study of coronal fricative substitution patterns confirmed that North American English listeners are more likely to be exposed to devoiced /z/ than voiced /s/. Across two perceptual adaptation experiments, listeners in test conditions heard naturally produced devoiced /z/ or voiced /s/ in critical items within sentences, while control listeners were exposed to identical sentences with canonical pronunciations. Perceptual adaptation was tested via a lexical decision test, with devoiced /z/ or voiced /s/, as well as a novel alveopalatalized pronunciation, to determine whether adaptation was targeted in the direction of the exposed variant or reflected a more general relaxation. Results indicate there was directional and word-specific adaptation for /z/-devoicing with no evidence for generalization. Conversely, there was evidence of /s/-voicing generalizing and eliciting general category relaxation. These results underscore the role of perceptual experiences, and support an evaluation stage in perceptual learning, where listeners assess whether to update a representation.
The Effects of Hydro Confining Pressure on the Flow Properties of Sandstone and Carbonate Rocks
Authors: Al-Obaidi Sudad H , FH Khalaf
Published: December 2020

There is a significant effect of the hydro confining pressure of the core holder on the flowing properties of the formation rocks. This effect is caused due to the mechanical elastic deformation of the core when carrying outlaboratory studies of the waterproof and polymer compositions. Consequently, this deformation will cause changing in the permeability and voids storage capacity of the studied core samples. Therefore, under the laboratory conditions and when dealing with such studies on formation cores, it is necessary to consider the changes of permeability and voids storage capacity of these cores.
Overlap-Stiffened Panels for Optimized Buckling Performance Under Minimum Steering Radius Constraints
Authors: Ummels Raphael , Castro Saullo G. P.
Published: December 2020

Recent research on variable stiffness laminates have shown both numerically and experimentally that further improvement on the buckling performance is possible by incorporating overlaps that result in variable thickness profiles. We present the concept of overlap-stiffened designs that take advantage of the non-linear coupling between the tow steering and the local thickness, allowing embedded regions of higher stiffness into individual plies of a variable-angle tow (VAT) laminate. The proposed method naturally copes with minimum steering radius constraints of different manufacturing processes by connecting transition regions by means of fiber tow arcs, such that the radius of curvature always cope with a desired minimum radius constraint. The present study focuses on two tow-steering processes: automated fiber placement (AFP) and continuous tow shearing (CTS). Each individual ply exploring the overlap-stiffened design is described using 5 design variables, producing a straight stiffener. A first benchmark study compares overlap-stiffened laminates optimized for a maximum volume-normalized buckling performance under bi-axial compression against a reference straight-fiber laminate. In a second benchmark, overlap-stiffened panels were optimized for minimum weight under a design buckling load constraint, and compared against a reference straight-fiber laminate. For both AFP and CTS, is is verified that overlap-stiffened VAT panels can achieve at least the double of the volume-normalized buckling performance of an optimized straight-fiber panel. Moreover, the proposed design method can at least achieve the same weight and buckling load carrying capacity of an optimal straight-fiber panel, demonstrating the potential of the proposed design method to include embedded regions of higher thickness.
Color terms: Native language semantic structure and artificial language structure formation in a large-scale online smartphone application
Authors: Müller Thomas Franz , Winters James , Morisseau Tiffany , Noveck Ira Andrew , Morin Olivier
Published: December 2020

Artificial language games give researchers the opportunity to investigate the emergence and evolution of semantic structure, i.e. the organization of meaning spaces into discrete categories. A possible issue for this approach is that categories might simply carry over from participants’ native languages, a potential bias that has mostly been ignored. We investigate this in a referential communication game by comparing color terms from three different languages to those of an artificial language. Here, we assess the similarity of the semantic structures, and test the influence of the semantic structure on artificial language communication. We compare the in-game communication to a separate online naming task providing us with the native language structure. Our results show that native and artificial language structure overlap at least moderately. Furthermore, communicative behavior and performance were influenced by the shared semantic structure, but only for English-speaking pairs. These results imply a cognitive link between participants’ semantic structures and artificial language structure formation.
Is there a Relationship between EEG and sTMS Neurophysiological Markers of the Putative Human Mirror Neuron System?
Authors: Bekkali Soukayna , Youssef George Joseph , Donaldson Peter , Hyde Christian , Do Michael , He Jason , Barhoun Pamela , Enticott Peter Gregory
Published: December 2020

The mirror neuron system (MNS) has been theorised to play a neurobiological role in a number of social cognitive abilities and is commonly indexed putatively in humans via interpersonal motor resonance (IMR) and mu-suppression. Though both indices are thought to measure similar neuronal populations (i.e., ‘mirror neurons’), it has been suggested that these methods are unrelated, and therefore, incompatible. However, prior studies reporting no relationships were typically conducted in small and underpowered samples. Thus, we aimed to investigate this potential association in a large sample of neurotypical adults (N = 116; 72 females). Participants underwent TMS, electromyography (EMG), and electroencephalography (EEG) during the observation of videos of actors performing grasping actions in order to index IMR and mu-suppression (in beta, lower alpha, and upper alpha bandwidths). A series of linear regressions revealed no associations between IMR and each of the mu-suppression bandwidths. Supplementary Bayesian analyses provided further evidence in favour of the null (B01 = 8.85 - 8.93), providing further support for no association between the two indices of MNS activity. Our findings suggest that these two measures may indeed be unrelated indices that perhaps assess different neurophysiological aspects of the MNS. These results have important implications for future studies examining the MNS.
Does Music Training Improve Emotion Recognition Abilities? A Critical Review
Authors: Martins Marta , Pinheiro Ana P. , Lima Cesar
Published: December 2020

There is widespread interest in the possibility that music training enhances non-musical abilities. This possibility has been examined primarily for speech perception and domain-general abilities such as IQ. Although social and emotional processes are central to many musical activities, transfer from music training to socioemotional skills remains underexplored. Here we synthesize results from studies examining associations between music training and emotion recognition in voices and faces. Enhancements are typically observed for vocal emotions but not for faces, although most evidence is cross-sectional. These findings are discussed considering the design features of the studies. Future research could explore further the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying musician-related differences in emotion recognition, the role of predispositions, and the implications for broader aspects of socio-emotional functioning.
A Sustainability Compass for policy navigation to sustainable food systems
Authors: Hebinck Aniek , Zurek Monika , Achterbosch Thom , Forkman Björn , Kuijsten Anneleen , Kuiper Marijke , Nørrung Birgit , van ’t Veer Pieter , Leip Adrian
Published: December 2020

Growing acknowledgement that food systems require transformation has led to a call for comprehensive sustainability assessments to support decision-making. For frameworks to serve sustainability governance, they must show the trade-offs and unintended consequences that might result from policy decisions across key goals relevant to food system actors. This paper reviews literature and frameworks and builds on stakeholder input to present a Sustainability Compass with associated metrics for food system assessments. The Compass defines sustainability scores for four societal goals, underpinned by areas of concern. The operationalization approach balances policy-usability, system complexity and comprehensiveness. We present the Sustainability Compass as a tool for food system assessment, able to generate comprehensive insights and provide the basis for inclusive and reflexive policy making.
The Erotic-Grotesque versus Female Agency in Colonial Korea in Park Chan-wook’sThe Handmaiden
Authors: Rhee Suk Koo
Published: December 2020

Dans Mademoiselle ( The Handmaiden), le réalisateur Park Chan-wook utilise la culture érotico-grotesque de la Corée coloniale pour faire la lumière sur la lutte des femmes pour leur agentivité. L’auteur fait état de l’agentivité des femmes par la victimisation, dont l’économie affective est enracinée dans les relations coloniales d’un espace culturel coréen. Il se penche particulièrement sur le jeu de pouvoir optique entre Hideko et le patriarcat impérial dans le film de Park, afin de mettre à l’avant-plan la façon dont l’ambiguïté ou l’ambivalence perturbe les rapports coloniaux entre les sexes. Il décrit également la ressemblance des personnages féminins avec les femmes non conformistes de l’histoire du Japon et de la Corée coloniale, à la fois dans leur sujétion et leur opposition éventuelle à la masculinité hégémonique. L’auteur conclut par une vision historicisante qui attribue le choix des personnages principaux de s’exiler à l’étranger à la dimension mondialisatrice de la modernité coloniale.
World Cinema as Method
Authors: Salazkina Masha
Published: December 2020

L’auteure fait valoir l’importance d’élargir l’éventail des méthodologies historiques pour changer les frontières géographiques de la discipline des études cinématographiques. Dans le cadre de la décolonisation du domaine, l’auteure propose une extension de la catégorie même du cinéma comme objet d’analyse ; une expansion des modes de production du savoir que nous jugeons légitimes afin d’inclure ceux qui trouvent leur origine au-delà du contexte universitaire euro-américain comme étant constitutif notamment des approches historiographiques ; et, enfin, l’élaboration d’une compréhension systémique et relationnelle des géographies plus étendues qui participent à ces histoires du « monde », y compris un espace géopolitique historique grandement négligé entre l’ancien « Second » monde et le « Tiers » monde (soit l’ex-bloc communiste et l’hémisphère Sud).
Le cinéma turc à l’épreuve de l’immigration : l’espace filmique comme porte-parole de la culture
Authors: Toy Par AyŞe , Gün Gülsenem
Published: December 2020

The aim of this article is to analyze the interculturality of filmic spaces in films dealing with the emigration of Turks to Europe and particularly to Germany. In this perspective, we will first study the claustrophobic aspect of the spaces preventing the development of cultural relations in first-generation films. Starting from the use of space, we will then analyze the relations that exist between the way in which the Turkish immigrant woman, under the domination of patriarchal customs, is cut off from the new culture and the way in which she becomes a “victim” of it. We will also deal with criticisms of these forms of representation. On the other hand, we will see the transformation of these spaces in the cinema of new generations of multicultural filmmakers, the use of places and non-places, their characteristics through the notions of interculturality and multiculturality.
FEA of SAW penetration of Ramor 500 steel
Authors: Gur Ali Kaya , Taskaya Semih , Shankar Subramaniam , Mohanraj Thangamuthu
Published: December 2020

Ramor 500 steel plates are used as a ballistic material due to their greater hardness and strength properties. This steel can be produced with a 2-30 mm thickness sheet which may attain 505-590 HV hardness. In the present work, Ramor 500 steel pairs are joined using a submerged arc welding (SAW) process and taking various parameters into consideration. An austenitic additional wire is used for the welding process which contains Cr, Ni, and Mn. The source model prototype was developed using ANSYS software and considering a time-dependent three dimensional thermal model with source cooling. The highest tensile stress voltage value was determined in the sample applying a constant current of 250 A, 25 V and 30 cm × min-1welding speed. It was observed that the welding seam width increases as welding tension grows and that welding height and depth increase and decrease more or less in tandem. A ANSYS thermal cooling analysis revealed that welding tension grows with heat transfer which increases 15 mm from the main center of the welding area.
Effect of ultrasonic melt treatment on the tribological behavior of 7075 aluminum alloy
Authors: Vatansever Fahri , Tamer Erturk Alpay , Feyzullahoglu Erol
Published: December 2020

In this study, the tribological properties of 7075 aluminum alloy produced by ultrasonic melt treatment (UST) are investigated. Tribological properties of untreated and ultrasonically treated samples under dry and lubricated sliding conditions were analyzed experimentally by the block on ring test method. Worn surfaces of untreated and ultrasonically treated samples were scanned by 3D optical profilometer and analyzed to search out wear characteristics in the material. Furthermore, microstructural examinations were conducted to investigate the beneficial effects of UST on the microstructural properties of the alloy using optical and scanning electron microscopy. According to the results obtained, UST refines the α-Al phase of the alloy and disperses precipitates to grain boundaries more uniformly. Also, hardness and density of the alloy increased through the effect of UST. Due to these favorable effects, the wear resistance of the alloy increased and the worn surfaces of the ultrasonically treated samples exhibited lower surface roughness according to 3D surface roughness measurements.
Dynamics of educational content in the life cycle discourse of industrial civilization
Authors:   Ivan Franko Drohobych State Pedagogical University, Zinkevych V. I.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the place and role of changing the knowledge paradigm in the self-deployment of industrial civilization in accordance with the life cycle of the industrial education system; the content of education determines, as it turns out, all other parameters of the teaching and educational process, because it is a product of the development of fundamental science on the one hand, and on the other – determines the state of scientific and technological process on the basis of which there is a revolutionary change in the means of production, which entails a change in the so-called technological structures and poses the problem of compliance of the workforce functional means of production; on the basis of these changes, the global and regional communities have steadily risen along the axis of the evolutionary development of the social world, leaving behind artifacts of culture of one or another historical age on the shelves of the planetary archive; it is argued that two methodological conditions must be used to analyze the dynamics of knowledge change: to apply the civilizational approach and the paradigm of the life cycle of social systems, since this phenomenon has a long-lasting dimension in space and time; it is emphasized that knowledge is the basic and system-forming element of self-deployment of civilization and therefore it can be used (according to Foucault) as a methodological criterion for assessing the quality of life of civilization; the meaning of educational content at each stage of industrial civilization life is distinguished: natural knowledge prevailed at the stage of its origin; at the stage of growth – technical knowledge that corresponded to the essence of civilization itself; at the stage of maturity – scientific knowledge turned into ideologues of social development, which led to the emergence of technocratism and "drove" the planetary community into a dead end; at the stage of decline – technological knowledge led to the loss of mainstream guide of social development and began the catastrophic destruction of the social organism of the planet, which entails a change in the type of civilizational development; the solution is seen in the rise of the planetary community into the space of informational civilization, the transition of education to mastering methodological knowledge corresponds to it.
Identificación de necesidades de apoyo para el aprendizaje y la participación de estudiantes universitarios con discapacidad visual: un estudio biográfico narrativo
Authors: Núñez Ambar , López Mauricio
Published: December 2020

This article explores the educational experiences of young people with a visual disability, to identify the needs for learning assistance and the participation they experienced during their university years. A biographical narrative approach was used to explore the studentsâ€™ voices with the intention of having their perspectives and insights contribute to improvements in inclusive education processes in higher education. There was a total of four participants, two current students and two graduates from two Chilean universities and two biographical interviews were conducted with each participant. The studentsâ€™ needs for support include greater accessibility to the areas designated for social interaction, better assistance with mobility within the campus, better accessibility to study materials and class content, and diversification of the assessment instruments. The results are discussed considering the concepts of "participationâ€ and "universal design for learningâ€, and the implications for the institutional inclusion policies in higher education.
Análisis de los roles y responsabilidades de las técnicos en educación parvularia en el nivel sala cuna: una contribución a su formación inicial
Authors: Viviani María Jesús , Rodríguez Juan Pablo
Published: December 2020

Significant advances in psychology and neuroscience research has contributed to a deepened understanding that the first two years of life are a critical period for brain development. The lack of stimulating experiences produces deficits in physical, cognitive and especially emotional health of babies. For this reason, it is essential to provide intentional pedagogical experiences to children from birth to two years old, through quality early childhood education. This, however, requires competent and well-trained professionals and paraprofessionals, whose preparation and learning opportunities are aligned with the roles and responsibilities they must fulfill in their professional lives. The objective of this study was to explore, through interviews with paraprofessionals and literature reviews, the roles and responsibilities of Chilean practitioners who work with infants and toddlers, and compare these results with the initial training curriculum. Both convergences and discrepancies were found, which enabled the elaboration of recommendations for initial training and public policies in early childhood education.
Monitoring Keasaman dan Kekeruhan Air menggunakan Mikrokontroler Berbasis Internet of Things
Authors: Nugraha Sapta , Putra Rifki Triaditiya , Pramana Rozeff , Kusuma Hollanda Arief , Suhendra Tonny , Prayetno , Eko , Nusyirwan Deny
Published: December 2020

The quality and quantity standards of drinking water are tasteless and not cloudy. This study aimed to design the monitoring of water acidity and turbidity using a microcontroller based on the Internet of Things. The system device uses a pH sensor and a turbidity sensor to measure the water's edge and turbidity. The results show that the water acidity and turbidity monitor has been successfully designed using OLED and GSM displayed on the Thingspeak platform. This display shows the results of testing the pH value with an average accuracy level of 96.34% and the turbidity sensor 97.33%. The monitoring data transmission results using the GSM network to the Thingspeak platform were 95.83% in the first test and 90.97% in the second test.
PUBLIC NEEDS AS CONDITION FOR LIMITATING PRIVATE PROPERTY RIGHT TO LAND
Authors: Khashchina Ellina , Ginzburg Yuriy
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of foreign legislation regulating the conditions for seizure of land plots to meet public needs. The evolution of approaches to understanding the private property right from Antiquity to Modern age as long as the specific character of  property right to land including possibilities of its legal limitation for meeting socially prominent aims are explored. Special attention is paid to the Eastern European countries’ legislation as their statutory regulation of private property out of the command economy is relatively young. Having analyzed the constitutions, land legislation and law enforcement practice of several foreign states a conclusion is made about a similar legal structure of land withdrawal where expropriation is allowed in favor of both public and private subjects if their activity meets socially significant needs of a wide range of people and achieving this goal by any other way is impossible. The American practice of “economic analysis of law” allowing to appreciate the public benefit by the economic tools is positively assessed. It is also stated that it is impossible to envisage a list of specific situations that fall under the concept “public needs” and it is necessary to assess the correlation of public and private interests in each specific case. At the same time, in order to protect the rights of owners such an assessment should be carried out before the seizure including by public hearings.