bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Terpenyl Selenides: Synthesis and Application in Asymmetric Epoxidation.
Authors: Banach Anna , Scianowski Jacek , Uzarewicz‐Baig Magdalena , Wojtczak Andrzej
Published: September 2015

The asymmetric base‐promoted coupling of benzaldehyde and benzyl bromide to 1,2‐diphenyloxirane is investigated in the presence of a variety (24 examples) of terpene derived selenides as chiral mediator or catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: A Useful Methoxyvinyl Cation Equivalent: α‐t‐Butyldimethylsilyl‐α‐methoxyacetaldehyde.
Authors: McCune Christopher D. , Beio Matthew L. , Friest Jacob A. , Ginotra Sandeep , Berkowitz David B.
Published: September 2015

Addition of Grignard reagent or lithiated acetylide nucleophiles to the title aldehyde affords β‐hydroxysilanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Meerwein Arylation: Intermolecular and Intramolecular Fluoroarylation of Styrenes.
Authors: Guo Rui , Yang Haodong , Tang Pingping
Published: September 2015

The first example of a silver‐catalyzed intermolecular and intramolecular Meerwein fluoroarylation of styrenes with aryl diazonium salts under mild conditions is described.
ChemInform Abstract: DBU‐Mediated Carboxylative Coupling of Primary Amines, Carbon Dioxide and Propargyl Chlorides.
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Zhen , Ren Xiang , Lu Xiao‐Bing
Published: September 2015

Propargylcarbamates (IV) and (VII) are synthesized through title reaction using carbon dioxide as carboxylative reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral Cyclobutanes via Rhodium/Diene‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition: A Dramatic Ligand Effect on the Diastereoselectivity.
Authors: Chen Ya‐Jing , Hu Tian‐Jiao , Feng Chen‐Guo , Lin Guo‐Qiang
Published: September 2015

A highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective rhodium‐catalyzed arylation of cyclobutene‐1‐carboxylate esters is presented, providing an efficient synthetic approach for chiral butanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Photochromic Diarylethenes of Cyclopentenone Series by Nazarov Reaction.
Authors: Shirinian Valerii Z. , Lvov Andrey G. , Yanina Anna M. , Kachala Vadim V. , Krayushkin Mikhail
Published: September 2015

The Nazarov reaction of divinylketones of type (I) affording cyclopentenone derivatives of type (II) is the key step in the synthesis of new photochromic diarylethenes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rhodium Catalyst for Single‐Step Styrene Production from Benzene and Ethylene.
Authors: Vaughan Benjamin A. , Webster‐Gardiner Michael S. , Cundari Thomas R. , Gunnoe T. Brent
Published: September 2015

The catalyst RAB is found to be optimal for the selective preparation of styrene in a high yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Arylation of Activated Alkynes with Aryl Iodides.
Authors: Dorn Stephanie C. M. , Olsen Andrew K. , Kelemen Rachel E. , Shrestha Ruja , Weix Daniel J.
Published: September 2015

The title reaction proceeds with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity to provide (E)‐β‐aryl alkenoates as major products.
ChemInform Abstract: A Unique Alkylation of Azobenzenes with Allyl Acetates by RhIII‐Catalyzed C—H Functionalization.
Authors: Deng Hong , Li Hongji , Wang Lei
Published: September 2015

The direct o‐alkylation of a broad spectrum of azobenzenes is best carried out in the presence of allyl acetate (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Inter‐/Intermolecular Alkene Diamination of Hydroxy Styrenes with Electron‐Rich Amines.
Authors: Danneman Michael W. , Hong Ki Bum , Johnston Jeffrey N.
Published: September 2015

The title reaction uses a hypervalent iodine reagent and is compatible with a broad range of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of N,N‐Dimethylformamidines from Sulfonamides.
Authors: Chen Yantao , Graden Henrik , Aurell Carl‐Johan , Gibson James
Published: September 2015

The reaction tolerates electronically and sterically diverse N‐aryl arylsulfonamides, but is not applicable to alkyl substituted substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Method for the Direct Transformation of Common Tertiary Amides into Ketones and Amines by Addition of Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Huang Pei‐Qiang , Wang Yu , Xiao Kai‐Jiong , Huang Ying‐Hong
Published: September 2015

The title reaction is promoted by Tf2O and can be viewed as the acrylation of Grignard reagents using amides as stable and selective acylation agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylalkynylation of Isocyanides.
Authors: Lei Jian , Wu Xiaoxing , Zhu Qiang
Published: September 2015

via reaction with acetylenic triflones
ChemInform Abstract: Primary‐Secondary Diamines Catalyzed Michael Reaction to Generate Chiral Fluorinated Quaternary Carbon Centers.
Authors: Lu Yingpeng , Zou Gang , Zhao Gang
Published: September 2015

The title asymmetric Michael addition of α‐fluoro‐β‐ketoesters to nitroolefins affords the adducts in good yields with high diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Difluoromethyl Thioethers from Difluoromethyl Trimethylsilane and Organothiocyanates Generated in situ.
Authors: Bayarmagnai Bilguun , Matheis Christian , Jouvin Kevin , Goossen Lukas J.
Published: September 2015

The transformation of alkyl and (heteroaryl) thiocyanates to difluoromethyl thioethers is examined.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Unimolecular Tetrakis(piperidin‐4‐ol) as a Ligand for Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions: Synthesis of Incrustoporin (XIIIf) and Preclamol (VII).
Authors: Nallasivam Jothi L. , Fernandes Rodney A.
Published: September 2015

An intramolecular tetrakis‐4‐hydroxypiperidinol ligand is developed and successfully used to catalyze the Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction of aryl halides and iodo‐lactones to produce a variety of biarlys and heterocyclic analogs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed α‐Furanylations of Quinoline N‐Oxides with Alkenyldiazo Carbonyl Species.
Authors: Pagar Vinayak Vishnu , Liu Rai‐Shung
Published: September 2015

A new gold‐catalyzed heteroarylation of 8‐alkylquinoline N‐oxides with alkenyldiazo carbonyl compounds is described.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Stereoselectivities of Some Hindered Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Hoather Hugh A. , Raftery James , Yalavac Irem , Thomas Eric J.
Published: September 2015

Both inter‐ and intramolecular Diels—Alder reactions of dienyl methyl fumarate [e.g. (I) and (III)] give cis‐fused lactones with a methyl bearing quaternary centre as the major products because of the influence of the methyl substituent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Thiophenes from 2‐Aryl‐3‐nitro‐cyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarboxylates and 1,4‐Dithiane‐2,5‐diol.
Authors: Selvi Thangavel , Vanmathi Govindhraj , Srinivasan Kannupal
Published: September 2015

A two‐step synthesis of disubstituted thiophenes from trans‐arylnitrocyclopropane derivatives and dithianediol is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Intramolecular Functionalization of Methyl Groups in Nonconstrained Molecules Promoted by N‐Iodosulfonamides.
Authors: Paz Nieves R. , Rodriguez‐Sosa Dionisio , Valdes Haydee , Marticorena Ricardo , Melian Daniel , Copano M. Belen , Gonzalez Concepcion C. , Herrera Antonio J.
Published: September 2015

Conditions A) and B) are elaborated as optimal for the preparation of pyrrolidine or 2‐pyrrolidonone structures via radical‐mediated methyl iodination/oxidative deiodination.
ChemInform Abstract: Stille Cross‐Coupling for the Functionalization of the Imidazole Backbone: Revisit, Improvement, and Applications of the Method.
Authors: Sandtorv Alexander H. , Toernroos Karl Wilhelm , Bjoersvik Hans‐Rene
Published: September 2015

The scope of the Stille‐coupling of 4‐iodoimidazole (I) with tributyltin reagent (II) is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Ionic Liquid Based on Imidazolium Cation as an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzoxazoles, Benzthiazoles, Benzimidazoles and 2‐Arylsubstituted Benzimidazoles.
Authors: Hasanpour Maede , Eshghi Hossein , Bakavoli Mehdi , Mirzaei Mahdi
Published: September 2015

The title compounds are synthesized through a one‐pot solvent‐free protocol using a dicationic ionic liquid as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Triflic Acid Catalyzed Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Donor—Acceptor Oxiranes and Nitriles: A Facile Access to 3‐Oxazolines.
Authors: Zhou Hai , Zeng Xiaofei , Ding Liyuan , Xie Yan , Zhong Guofu
Published: September 2015

The desired ring system is readily available with good to excellent yields in the presence of aromatic and aliphatic nitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Access to 2‐Aroylbenzothiazoles by Redox Condensation Reaction Between o‐Halonitrobenzenes, Acetophenones, and Elemental Sulfur.
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Binh , Pasturaud Karine , Ermolenko Ludmila , Al‐Mourabit Ali
Published: September 2015

N‐Methylmorpholine is used as a base to promote the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile One‐Pot Metal‐Free Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles.
Authors: Jia Qianfa , Yang Gongming , Chen Lei , Du Zhiyun , Wei Jia , Zhong Yanqiong , Wang Jian
Published: September 2015

A one‐pot method for the direct conversion of organic azides (I) and (IV) and aliphatic aldehydes (II) to 1,2,4‐triazoles is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Imine and Methyl Vinyl Ketone Catalyzed by Chiral Phosphine.
Authors: Wang Ge , Rexiti Rukeya , Sha Feng , Wu Xin‐Yan
Published: September 2015

The title reaction gives chiral functionalized tetrahydropyridines in good to excellent yields with moderate to good dia‐ and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Amination of C(sp3)—H Bonds: Synthesis of Imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines.
Authors: Chandra Mohan Darapaneni , Nageswara Rao Sadu , Ravi Chitrakar , Adimurthy Subbarayappa
Published: September 2015

Copper‐catalyzed synthesis of imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐1‐carboxylates through oxidative amination of C(sp3)—H bonds is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodohexahydropyridoindolones. Formation and Reactivity.
Authors: Rallabandi Rameshu , Jana Somnath , Rainier Jon D.
Published: September 2015

The synthesis of the iodohexahydropyridoindolone (II) by NIS promoted cyclization of the dihydropyridone (I) is developed and its conversion to a variety of derivatives including the hydroxy and the anilino derivatives (III) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Primary Amines with Internal Alkynes Through C—H Bond Activation: Scope and Mechanistic Studies.
Authors: Ruiz Sara , Villuendas Pedro , Ortuno Manuel A. , Lledos Agusti , Urriolabeitia Esteban P.
Published: September 2015

The title coupling reaction provides a wide range of isoquinoline and pyridine derivatives under microwave irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Mediated C—H Functionalization of 3,6‐Dichloropyridazine: Efficient Access to Novel Tetrahydropyridopyridazines.
Authors: Neubert Timothy D. , Schmidt Yvonne , Conroy Erica , Stamos Dean
Published: September 2015

The cyclization of chloride (IIIc), obtained via radical mediated C‐H functionalization of 3,6‐dichloropyridazine, with various amines (IV) leads to a series of tetrahydropyridopyridazines (V) in 36‐62% yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Fluoro‐1,4‐benzoxazines and 2‐Fluoro‐1,4‐benzoxazepin‐5‐ones by Exploring the Nucleophilic Vinylic Substitution (SNV) Reaction of gem‐Difluoroenamides.
Authors: Meiresonne Tamara , Verniest Guido , De Kimpe Norbert , Mangelinckx Sven
Published: September 2015

The desired ring systems (III) and (V) are available under the optimized conditions shown where LiN(Tms)2 and KOtBu are the reagents of choice for the ring closure step.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to Drug Metabolites via C—H Functionalization: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of N,N‐Dimethylalkylamines in Complex Pharmaceuticals.
Authors: Genovino Julien , Sames Dalibor , Toure B. Barry
Published: September 2015

The practical, cost‐effective and operationally simple two‐step transformation is applied to a range of dimethylamine‐containing pharmaceuticals including clomipramine (I) and diltiazem (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed [3 + 2]/[5 + 2] Annulation of 4‐Aryl 1,2,3‐Triazoles with Internal Alkynes Through Dual C(sp2)—H Functionalization.
Authors: Yang Yuan , Zhou Ming‐Bo , Ouyang Xuan‐Hui , Pi Rui , Song Ren‐Jie , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: September 2015

The title transformation provides straightforward synthetic access to an indenoazepine skeleton through a sequence which includes the formation of a rhodium(III) azavinyl carbene, dual C(sp2)—H functionalization, and [3 + 2]/[5 + 2] annulation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Selective N,O‐Functionalization of Pyrazolone‐Fused 3‐Aminoazepinones.
Authors: Schurgers Ben , Van Lommen Guy , Verniest Guido
Published: September 2015

Ring‐closing metathesis of dienes (I) in the presence of Umicor M2 catalyst followed by reaction with hydrazine hydrate provides pyrazolone fused tetrahydroazepinones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Three‐Step Strategy for the Synthesis of 2‐Benzoxepin‐3(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Madhurima Hazra , Krishna Jonnada , Satyanarayana Gedu
Published: September 2015

Starting from ortho‐bromobenzaldehydes or ‐acetophenones, The three‐step synthesis comprises Heck coupling with ethyl acrylate, reduction of the carbonyl group to an alcohol function and base‐mediated cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approaches to Antiinflammatory Macrolactones of the Oxacyclododecindione Type.
Authors: Tauber Johannes , Rudolph Kristina , Rohr Markus , Erkel Gerhard , Opatz Till
Published: September 2015

A variety of attempts to synthesize oxacyclododecindione macrolactones through carbonylative ring‐closure, intramolecular alkyne hydroacyalation, and Ru‐catalyzed double bond isomerization fails.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Pinacolboryl Addition of N‐Boc‐imines Using a Chiral Sulfoxide—Phosphine Ligand.
Authors: Wang Ding , Cao Peng , Wang Bing , Jia Tao , Lou Yazhou , Wang Min , Liao Jian
Published: September 2015

The title ligand SOP is highly efficient for the preparation of both enantiomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Carbon—Halogen Bond‐Selective Boryl Substitution of Alkyl Halides Bearing Terminal Alkene Moieties.
Authors: Iwamoto Hiroaki , Kubota Koji , Yamamoto Eiji , Ito Hajime
Published: September 2015

The selective boryl substitution of alkyl halides bearing terminal alkene moieties is achieved using a Cu(I)/tricyclohexylphosphine or Cu(I)/Xantphos catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper/Iron‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxyphosphorylation of Terminal Alkynes Leading to β‐Ketophosphonates.
Authors: Yi Niannian , Wang Ruijia , Zou Huaxu , He Weibao , Fu Wenqiang , He Weimin
Published: September 2015

A series of synthetically very interesting compounds is readily available in the presence of molecular oxygen (mechanism).
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Reactivity of Aryl Aldehydes with Triethyl Phosphite and Zinc Bromide: A Facile Preparation of Epoxides, Benzisoxazoles, and α‐Hydroxy Phosphonate Esters.
Authors: Raju Potharaju , Gobi Rajeshwaran Ganesan , Nandakumar Meganathan , Mohanakrishnan Arasambattu K.
Published: September 2015

The deoxygenative reaction of electron‐poor nitrobenzaldehydes (I) with P(OEt)3 in the presence of catalytic amounts of ZnBr2 produces trans‐epoxides (II) in good yields whereas sterically hindered substrates (VI) yields benzisoxazoles as the sole product.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild Protocol for the Regioselective Ring Opening of Doubly Activated Cyclopropanes by Using Selenolates Generated in situ: Synthesis of Functionalized Organoselenium Compounds.
Authors: Gopinath Purushothaman , Chandrakala R. N. , Chandrasekaran Srinivasan
Published: September 2015

The reaction tolerates 2‐alkyl, 2‐aryl as well as non‐substituted cyclopropanes doubly activated with various electron withdrawing groups and is applicable to a range of diaryl selenium derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular C—H Silylation for the Syntheses of Planar‐Chiral Metallocene Siloles.
Authors: Zhang Qing‐Wei , An Kun , Liu Li‐Chuan , Yue Yuan , He Wei
Published: September 2015

The absolute configuration of compound (IIb) is determined to be Spl by X‐ray analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: BINOL‐Al Catalyzed Asymmetric Cyclization and Amplification: Preparation of Optically Active Menthol Analogues.
Authors: Itoh Hisanori , Maeda Hironori , Yamada Shinya , Hori Yoji , Mino Takashi , Sakamoto Masami
Published: September 2015

A highly selective asymmetric ring‐closing ene reaction catalyzed by aluminum complexes with chiral BINOL is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: An Antibacterial ortho‐Quinone Diterpenoid and Its Derivatives from Caryopteris mongolica.
Authors: Saruul Erdenebileg , Murata Toshihiro , Selenge Erdenechimeg , Sasaki Kenroh , Yoshizaki Fumihiko , Batkhuu Javzan
Published: September 2015

The new antibacterial ortho‐quinone diterpenoid caryopteron A (I) and its derivatives caryopteron B (II), C (III), and D (IV) are isolated from Caryopteris mongolica together with three known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Mycoleptodiscin A.
Authors: Zhou Shupeng , Chen Hao , Luo Yijie , Zhang Wenhao , Li Ang
Published: September 2015

The first total synthesis of the indolosesquiterpenoid mycoleptodiscin A is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Diterpenoid Steenkrotin A.
Authors: Pan Saiyong , Xuan Jun , Gao Beiling , Zhu An , Ding Hanfeng
Published: September 2015

The first symmetric synthesis of diterpenoid steenkrotin A is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Triterpene Saponins from the Aerial Parts of Ilex cornuta and Their Cytotoxic Activity.
Authors: Lee Kang Ro , Lee Seung Young , Suh Won Se , Kim Ho Kyung , Lee Il Kyun , Choi Sang Un , Kim Ki Hyun
Published: September 2015

From the MeOH extract of Ilex cornuta Lindley (Aquifoliaceae), four new triterpene saponins (I‐IV) together with 13 known triterpenoids are isolated and their structures are elucidated via chemical and spectroscopic methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Thiol—Yne Cyclization as a Novel Strategy for Thioglycal Synthesis.
Authors: Corce Vincent , McSweeney Lauren , Malone Aoife , Scanlan Eoin M.
Published: September 2015

This method gives access to thioglycals through a novel intramolecular thiol‐yne cyclization reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Flavonoid Glycoside and Potential Antifungal Activity of Isolated Constituents from the Flowers of Lilium lancifolium.
Authors: Xu Haifeng , Zhao Bo , Wang Yafei , Lin Ningning , Wang Libing , Song Tiejun , Yang Huijun
Published: September 2015

The new flavonoid glycoside lancifolide A (I) is isolated from the flowers of Lilium lancifolium together with five known flavonoid glycosides.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Proposed Cephalosporolides H and I.
Authors: Li Jinshan , Zhao Chuanfang , Liu Jun , Du Yuguo
Published: September 2015

Total synthesis of the reported title compounds (I) and (II) suggests an S‐configuration at the spiro‐C‐atom instead of the reported R‐configuration.
ChemInform Abstract: A Sustainable Future for Photonic Colloidal Nanocrystals
Authors: Grim Joel Q. , Manna Liberato , Moreels Iwan
Published: September 2015

Review: emphasis on recent advances in the development of heavy metal‐free nanocrystals; 289 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Proceedings from the 14th International Symposium on Metal—Hydrogen Systems: Fundamentals and Applications
Authors: several authors several authors
Published: September 2015

Review: special issue with 120 papers
ChemInform Abstract: The Role of Intentionally Introduced Defects on Electrode Materials for Alkali‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Uchaker Evan , Cao Guozhong
Published: September 2015

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Some Highs and Lows (and In‐Betweens) of Solubility Measurements of Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Hefter Glenn
Published: September 2015

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances on the Design of Group VIII Base‐Metal Catalysts with Encapsulated Structures
Authors: Tian Hao , Li Xinyu , Zeng Liang , Gong Jinlong
Published: September 2015

Review: 225 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Surfactant Assisted Ball Milling: A Simple Top Down Approach for the Synthesis of Controlled Structure Nanoparticle
Authors: Ali Eaqub , Ullah Mahbub , Maamor Azman , Abd Hamid Sharifah Bee
Published: September 2015

Review: 20 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Innovative Eco‐Friendly Approaches for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Bhosale R. R. , Kulkarni A. S. , Gilda S. S. , Aloorkar N. H. , Osmani R. A. , Harkare B. R.
Published: September 2015

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure—Property Relationships of Phosphole‐Based π Systems and Their Applications in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Matano Yoshihiro
Published: September 2015

Review: [46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation Iron Pincer Catalysts Capable of Metal‐Ligand Cooperation by Aromatization/Dearomatization
Authors: Zell Thomas , Milstein David
Published: September 2015

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Stereoselective Organic Reactions in Aqueous Media
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Zadsirjan Vahideh , Kamjou Khadijeh
Published: September 2015

Review: [recent advances in stereoselective reactions such as aldol, Mannich, allylatio, hydrogenation, Michael, Heck, oxidation‐reduction in aqueous media; 213 refs.] .
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Silylations of Alcohols: Turning Simple Protecting‐Group Strategies into Powerful Enantioselective Synthetic Methods
Authors: Xu Li‐Wen , Chen Yun , Lu Yixin
Published: September 2015

Review: [41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dawn of Organopalladium Chemistry in the Early 1960s and a Retrospective Overview of the Research on Palladium‐Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Tsuji Jiro
Published: September 2015

Review: [80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rational Strategies for the Selective Functionalization of Calixarenes
Authors: Lavendomme Roy , Zahim Sara , De Leener Gael , Inthasot Alex , Mattiuzzi Alice , Luhmer Michel , Reinaud Olivia , Jabin Ivan
Published: September 2015

Review: [35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Nitro to Carbonyl Conversion (Nef Reaction): New Perspectives for a Classical Transformation
Authors: Ballini Roberto , Petrini Marino
Published: September 2015

Review: 177 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Catalyzed C—H Activation of Indoles
Authors: Sandtorv Alexander H.
Published: September 2015

Review: [recent advances and strategies; 178 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Halogen Bonding in Supramolecular Chemistry
Authors: Gilday Lydia C. , Robinson Sean W. , Barendt Timothy A. , Langton Matthew J. , Mullaney Benjamin R. , Beer Paul D.
Published: September 2015

Review: 603 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzhydrylium and Tritylium Ions: Complementary Probes for Examining Ambident Nucleophiles
Authors: Ofial Armin R.
Published: September 2015

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gas‐Phase Studies of Metal Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Esters
Authors: O'Hair Richard A. J.
Published: September 2015

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Amphiphiles Based on Host‐Guest Molecular Recognition Motifs
Authors: Yu Guocan , Jie Kecheng , Huang Feihe
Published: September 2015

Review: 566 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical and Stereoselective Organocatalytic Alkylation of Aldehydes with Benzodithiolylium Tetrafluoroborate
Authors: Gualandi Andrea , Mengozzi Luca , Giacoboni Jessica , Saulnier Steve , Ciardi Moira , Cozzi Pier Giorgio
Published: September 2015

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Design and Reactivity
Authors: Mukherjee Sanjoy , Thilagar Pakkirisamy
Published: September 2015

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Triarylmethanes by Transition Metal Catalysis
Authors: Nambo Masakazu , Crudden Cathleen M.
Published: September 2015

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Current Developments in Fluorescent PET (Photoinduced Electron Transfer) Sensors and Switches
Authors: Daly Brian , Ling Jue , de Silva A. Prasanna
Published: September 2015

Review: 138 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Optical Chirality Sensing Using Macrocycles, Synthetic and Supramolecular Oligomers/Polymers, and Nanoparticle Based Sensors.
Authors: Chen Zhan , Wang Qian , Wu Xin , Li Zhao , Jiang Yun‐Bao
Published: September 2015

Review: 55 refs.
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography of the Right Atrium: The Neglected Chamber
Authors: Rai Aitzaz Bin Sultan , Lima Eduardo , Munir Farrukh , Faisal Khan Anum , Waqas Ahmed , Bughio Sara , ul Haq Ehtesham , Attique Hassan Bin , Rahman Zia Ur
Published: September 2015

The right atrium (RA) plays a pivotal role in electromechanical and endocrine regulation of the heart. Its peculiar anatomical features and phasic mechanical function make it distinct from ventricles. Various invasive and noninvasive techniques have been used to elucidate RA structure and function. Of these modalities, echocardiography has distinct advantages over others. Several conventional measures of RA function through echocardiography have been described in the literature, but they are load dependent. A relatively new technique is speckle tracking–derived strain, which is relatively less dependent on loading conditions. Speckle tracking echocardiography tracks acoustic scatters (speckles) of myocardium frame‐by‐frame to calculate strain or deformation of the myocardium. Speckle tracking echocardiography has been used extensively for strain assessment of the right and left ventricle to detect subtle disease pathology, to gain mechanistic insight, as a marker of ischemic metabolic memory, as an endpoint in clinical trials, and as a functional assessment tool. The RA is a relatively neglected chamber, as it is mostly studied for assessment of atrial mass lesions, for electrophysiological studies, and in animal models for physiological assessment. However, its role in the systolic and diastolic function of the right heart, pulmonary vascular pathology, congenital heart diseases, and combined electromechanical activation phenomena has been less explored or unexplored. Speckle tracking echocardiography is an ideal tool for the assessment of the RA because of its regional and global functional characterization, angle independence, and high temporal resolution.
Sex and age differences in brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and vimentin in the zebra finch song system: Relationships to newly generated cells
Authors: Tang Yu Ping , Wade Juli
Published: September 2015

The neural song circuit is enhanced in male compared with female zebra finches due to differential rates of incorporation and survival of cells between the sexes. Two double‐label immunohistochemical experiments were conducted to increase the understanding of relationships between newly generated cells (marked with bromodeoxyuridine [BrdU]) and those expressing brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vimentin, a marker for radial glia. The song systems of males and females were investigated at posthatching day 25 during a heightened period of sexual differentiation (following BrdU injections on days 6–10) and in adulthood (following a parallel injection paradigm). In both HVC (proper name) and the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA), about half of the BrdU‐positive cells expressed BDNF across sexes and ages. Less than 10% of the BDNF‐positive cells expressed BrdU, but this percentage was greater in juveniles than adults. Across both brain regions, more BDNF‐positive cells were detected in males compared with females. In RA, the number of these cells was also greater in juveniles than adults. In HVC, the average cross‐sectional area covered by the vimentin labeling was greater in males than females and in juveniles compared with adults. In RA, more vimentin was detected in juveniles than adults, and within adults it was greater in females. In juveniles only, BrdU‐positive cells appeared in contact with vimentin‐labeled fibers in HVC, RA, and Area X. Collectively, the results are consistent with roles of BDNF‐ and vimentin‐labeled cells influencing sexually differentiated plasticity of the song circuit. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1081–1096, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two different motor systems are needed to generate human speech
Authors: Holstege Gert , Subramanian Hari H.
Published: September 2015

Vocalizations such as mews and cries in cats or crying and laughter in humans are examples of expression of emotions. These vocalizations are generated by the emotional motor system, in which the mesencephalic periaqueductal gray (PAG) plays a central role, as demonstrated by the fact that lesions in the PAG lead to complete mutism in cats, monkeys, as well as in humans. The PAG receives strong projections from higher limbic regions and from the anterior cingulate, insula, and orbitofrontal cortical areas. In turn, the PAG has strong access to the caudal medullary nucleus retroambiguus (NRA). The NRA is the only cell group that has direct access to the motoneurons involved in vocalization, i.e., the motoneuronal cell groups innervating soft palate, pharynx, and larynx as well as diaphragm, intercostal, abdominal, and pelvic floor muscles. Together they determine the intraabdominal, intrathoracic, and subglottic pressure, control of which is necessary for generating vocalization. Only humans can speak, because, via the lateral component of the volitional or somatic motor system, they are able to modulate vocalization into words and sentences. For this modulation they use their motor cortex, which, via its corticobulbar fibers, has direct access to the motoneurons innervating the muscles of face, mouth, tongue, larynx, and pharynx. In conclusion, humans generate speech by activating two motor systems. They generate vocalization by activating the prefrontal‐PAG‐NRA‐motoneuronal pathway, and, at the same time, they modulate this vocalization into words and sentences by activating the corticobulbar fibers to the face, mouth, tongue, larynx, and pharynx motoneurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1558–1577, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Disruption in dopaminergic innervation during photoreceptor degeneration
Authors: Ivanova Elena , Yee Christopher W. , Sagdullaev Botir T.
Published: September 2015

Dopaminergic amacrine cells (DACs) release dopamine in response to light‐driven synaptic inputs, and are critical to retinal light adaptation. Retinal degeneration (RD) compromises the light responsiveness of the retina and, subsequently, dopamine metabolism is impaired. As RD progresses, retinal neurons exhibit aberrant activity, driven by AII amacrine cells, a primary target of the retinal dopaminergic network. Surprisingly, DACs are an exception to this physiological change; DACs exhibit rhythmic activity in healthy retina, but do not burst in RD. The underlying mechanism of this divergent behavior is not known. It is also unclear whether RD leads to structural changes in DACs, impairing functional regulation of AII amacrine cells. Here we examine the anatomical details of DACs in three mouse models of human RD to determine how changes to the dopaminergic network may underlie physiological changes in RD. By using rd10, rd1, and rd1/C57 mice we were able to dissect the impacts of genetic background and the degenerative process on DAC structure in RD retina. We found that DACs density, soma size, and primary dendrite length are all significantly reduced. Using a novel adeno‐associated virus‐mediated technique to label AII amacrine cells in mouse retina, we observed diminished dopaminergic contacts to AII amacrine cells in RD mice. This was accompanied by changes to the components responsible for dopamine synthesis and release. Together, these data suggest that structural alterations of the retinal dopaminergic network underlie physiological changes during RD. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1208–1221, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microwave‐Assisted Syntheses in Recyclable Ionic Liquids: Photoresists Based on Renewable Resources
Authors: Petit Charlotte , Luef Klaus P. , Edler Matthias , Griesser Thomas , Kremsner Jennifer M. , Stadler Alexander , Grassl Bruno , Reynaud Stéphanie , Wiesbrock Frank
Published: September 2015

The copoly(2‐oxazoline) pNonOx80‐stat‐pDc=Ox20 can be synthesized from the cationic ring‐opening copolymerization of 2‐nonyl‐2‐oxazoline NonOx and 2‐dec‐9′‐enyl‐2‐oxazoline Dc=Ox in the ionic liquid n‐hexyl methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate under microwave irradiation in 250 g/batch quantities. The polymer precipitates upon cooling, enabling easy recovery of the polymer and the ionic liquid. Both monomers can be obtained from fatty acids from renewable resources. pNonOx80‐stat‐pDc=Ox20 can be used as polymer in a photoresist (resolution of 1 μm) based on UV‐induced thiol–ene reactions.
Status of basal‐supported oral therapy in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients with inadequate glycemic control on oral anti‐diabetic drugs
Authors: Xu Wen , Qiu Liling , Luo Sihui , Li Ming , Weng Jianping , Guo Xiaohui , Ji Linong
Published: September 2015

Background

Timely initiation and titration of basal insulin added on to oral anti‐diabetic drugs contribute to better glycemic control. However, implementation of basal‐supported oral therapy in China is not yet clear. This nationwide, prospective, 12‐week observational study was designed to explore the current status of basal‐supported oral therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes in China.

Methods

Type 2 diabetic patients with inadequate glycemic control on anti‐diabetic drugs who were to start basal‐supported oral therapy with insulin glargine at outpatient clinics were enrolled from 134 hospitals in China. Both the decision to initiate basal insulin and insulin dose adjustment were at the physician's discretion. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c were measured, and the starting dose of insulin were recorded at baseline. Self‐monitored fasting capillary blood glucose and the adjusting dose of insulin were collected during the study.

Results

A total of 11 192 out of 13 259 enrolled patients finished the 12‐week study. FPG and haemoglobin A1c at basal‐supported oral therapy initiation were 11.2 mmol/L and 9.4%, respectively, with insulin glargine started at 0.190 IU/kg/day. Insulin dose was increased 1.8 IU in average within 12 weeks. Fifty‐nine percent of the patients achieved fasting capillary blood glucose ≤ 7.0 mmol/L. More patients achieved the glucose target in the group with lower baseline FPG level. Notable geographical differences of physicians' treatment habits in the current management of basal‐supported oral therapy were also observed.

Conclusions

A great gap between everyday clinical practice and guidelines exists in China, reflected by the delayed initiation, slow dose titration and geographical differences of basal‐supported oral therapy management. A concrete guideline of basal‐supported oral therapy management is needed in the clinical application. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensory modulation disorder symptoms in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A pilot study
Authors: Brand‐Gothelf Ayelet , Parush Shula , Eitan Yehudith , Admoni Shai , Gur Eitan , Stein Daniel
Published: September 2015

Objective

Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) may exhibit reduced ability to modulate sensory, physiological, and affective responses. The aim of the present study is to assess sensory modulation disorder (SMD) symptoms in patients with AN and BN.

Method

We assessed female adolescent and young adult inpatients with restrictive type anorexia nervosa (AN‐R; n = 20) and BN (n = 20) evaluated in the acute stage of their illness, and 27 female controls. Another group of 20 inpatients with AN‐R was assessed on admission and discharge, upon achieving their required weight. Participants completed standardized questionnaires assessing the severity of their eating disorder (ED) and the sensory responsiveness questionnaire (SRQ).

Results

Inpatients with AN‐R demonstrated elevated overall sensory over‐responsiveness as well as elevated scores on the taste/gustatory, vestibular/kinesthetic and somatosensory/tactile SRQ modalities compared with patients with BN and controls. Significant correlations between the severity of sensory over‐responsiveness and ED‐related symptomatology were found in acutely‐ill patients with AN‐R and to a lesser extent, following weight restoration. Elevated sensory over‐responsiveness was retained in weight‐restored inpatients with AN‐R. Inpatients with BN demonstrated greater sensory under‐responsiveness in the intensity subscale of the SRQ, but not in the frequency and combined SRQ dimensions.

Discussion

Female inpatients with AN‐R exhibited sensory over‐responsiveness both in the acute stage of their illness and following weight restoration, suggesting that sensory over‐responsiveness may represent a trait related to the illness itself above and beyond the influence of malnutrition. The finding for sensory under‐responsiveness in BN is less consistent. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:59–68).
Genetic and environmental effects on the morphological asymmetry in the scale‐eating cichlid fish, Perissodus microlepis
Authors: Lee Hyuk Je , Heim Valentin , Meyer Axel
Published: September 2015

The scale‐eating cichlid fish, Perissodus microlepis, from Lake Tanganyika are a well‐known example of an asymmetry dimorphism because the mouth/head is either left‐bending or right‐bending. However, how strongly its pronounced morphological laterality is affected by genetic and environmental factors remains unclear. Using quantitative assessments of mouth asymmetry, we investigated its origin by estimating narrow‐sense heritability (h2) using midparent–offspring regression. The heritability estimates [field estimate: h2 = 0.22 ± 0.06, P = 0.013; laboratory estimate: h2 = 0.18 ± 0.05, P = 0.004] suggest that although variation in laterality has some additive genetic component, it is strongly environmentally influenced. Family‐level association analyses of a putative microsatellite marker that was claimed to be linked to gene(s) for laterality revealed no association of this locus with laterality. Moreover, the observed phenotype frequencies in offspring from parents of different phenotype combinations were not consistent with a previously suggested single‐locus two‐allele model, but they neither were able to reject with confidence a random asymmetry model. These results reconcile the disputed mechanisms for this textbook case of mouth asymmetry where both genetic and environmental factors contribute to this remarkable case of morphological asymmetry.
Increased water use in dry season in eight dipterocarp species in a common plantation in the northern boundary of Asian tropics
Authors: Siddiq Zafar , Cao Kun‐Fang
Published: September 2015

The seasonal water use and stand‐level transpiration of the important tropical timber tree family, Dipterocarpaceae, have not been well investigated. Here, we characterized the seasonal water use and stand‐level transpiration of eight, evergreen, dipterocarps in tropical Southwest China in the 2013 wet and dry seasons: six species grown in monoculture and two species in mixture. We estimated stand‐level transpiration using a power model, combining data from 22 trees of all species measured in the two seasons. Despite significant decreases in soil volumetric water content within 1‐m depth, predawn leaf water potentials (> −0.5 MPa) of all trees indicated access of roots to water. Daily sap flux density (SFDd) of all species closely responded to vapour pressure deficit (VPD). Dry season VPD increased by 29%, compared to in wet season, resulting 27–52% increased SFDd in six of the eight species. Whole tree daily water use was scaled with diameter at 1.3 m height for the 22 trees (r2 = 0.91 and 0.93 in the wet and dry seasons, respectively). Daily mean stand‐level transpiration ranged from 0.63 to 2.23 mm d−1 (mean = 1.05) and from 1.18 to 2.29 mm d−1 (mean = 1.63) in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Our results reveal conservative water use of dipterocarps and increased transpiration in dry season when a stable soil water source is available. In comparison with introduced fast‐growing timber species, such as Eucalyptus and Acacia mangium, dipterocarp trees and forests consume much less water, making them more suitable as plantation timber crops for the region. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of 4‐methylimidazole, in the Ames/Salmonella test using induced rodent liver and lung S9
Authors: Beevers Carol , Adamson Richard H.
Published: September 2015

4‐methylimidazole (4‐MeI) is formed by the interaction of ammonia with reducing sugars and low levels have been identified as a by‐product in coffee, soy sauce, wine, dark beers, soft drinks, and caramel colors. The 4‐MeI has been reported to induce alveolar/bronchiolar tumors in mice but not rats. Its mechanism of action is unlikely to be due to genotoxicity as 4‐MeI does not induce mutation in Salmonella typhimurium and does not induce micronuclei in rodent peripheral erythrocytes or bone marrow cells. However, the question of whether genetically reactive intermediates could be formed via lung‐specific metabolism has not previously been addressed. The 4‐MeI was tested for its ability to induce mutation in five standard Ames strains of S. typhimurium using induced rat (F344/N) and mouse (B6C3F1) liver and lung S9 as a source of exogenous metabolism. The chemicals were tested in an OECD 471‐compliant bacterial reverse mutation assay, using both plate‐incorporation and pre‐incubation methodologies, together with 10% S‐9 metabolic activation. No induction of mutation (as measured by an increase in revertant colonies) was observed and it was concluded that 4‐MeI was not mutagenic in S. typhimurium using either rodent liver or lung S9 for exogenous metabolism. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:51–57, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sources of dissolved silica to the fjords of northern Patagonia (44–48°S): the importance of volcanic ash soil distribution and weathering
Authors: Vandekerkhove Elke , Bertrand Sébastien , Reid Brian , Bartels Astrid , Charlier Bernard
Published: September 2015

Dissolved silica (DSi) plays an important biogeochemical role in the fjords of northern Chilean Patagonia (44–48°S), where it drives high biogenic productivity and promotes carbon burial. It is generally believed that the DSi riverine input to lakes and coastal environments is controlled by a combination of factors including lithology, climate, topography, vegetation, and meltwater input. In northern Chilean Patagonia several authors have proposed that the postglacial volcanic ash soils (andosols) may play a significant role in the high supply of DSi to the regional fjords. To assess the influence of andosols on DSi concentrations in north Patagonian rivers, we mapped andosol thickness and compared our results with river chemistry. The mineralogical and geochemical composition of three representative andosol profiles was also examined to evaluate the efficiency of weathering processes. The andosol thickness map clearly demonstrates that volcanic ash was predominantly deposited on the eastern side of the regional volcanoes, reflecting the influence of the prevailing westerly winds on the distribution of pyroclastic material. Mineralogical and geochemical results show that the andosol parent material has the typical andesitic basaltic signature of the regional volcanoes, i.e. high amounts of amorphous material, plagioclase, K‐feldspar, and pyroxene. Down‐profile variations in soil mineralogy and geochemistry indicate increased leaching of silica with depth, resulting from weathering of the volcanic parent material. For the five studied watersheds, a highly positive correlation (R2=0.98) was found between average andosol thickness and DSi concentrations, suggesting that andosol thickness is the main parameter affecting DSi concentrations in north Patagonian river systems. On seasonal timescales, increased precipitation (winter) and glacial meltwater (summer) input can significantly reduce DSi concentrations. We argue that the weathering of andosols constitutes the most important source of DSi to the lakes and fjords of northern Chilean Patagonia, explaining the particularly high regional rates of biogenic silica production. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alternate PAX3‐FOXO1 oncogenic fusion in biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma
Authors: Wong Waihay J. , Lauria Alexandra , Hornick Jason L. , Xiao Sheng , Fletcher Jonathan A. , Marino‐Enriquez Adrian
Published: September 2015

Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma (SNS) is a low grade spindle cell sarcoma that affects middle‐aged adults, in which the PAX3‐MAML3 chimeric transcription factor induces an aberrant dual myogenic and neuroectodermal phenotype. We report an alternate PAX3‐FOXO1 oncogenic fusion in SNS, confirming the crucial role of PAX3 in SNS oncogenesis. The presence of PAX3‐FOXO1 in SNS and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma suggests that these two entities are genetically similar lesions arising from distinct progenitor cell pools. This finding has important implications for the molecular diagnosis of SNS and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, and underscores the critical contribution of the cell of origin to the phenotype induced by oncogenic transcription factor reprogramming. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of psychosocial interventions on self‐efficacy of dementia caregivers: a literature review
Authors: Tang Wai Kit , Chan Chung Yan Joanne
Published: September 2015

Introduction

Self‐efficacy plays an important role in mediating stressors and physical and psychological outcomes in dementia caregiving.

Objectives

This literature review aims to identify, summarize, and critically appraise current evidence on the psychosocial interventions used for enhancing the self‐efficacy of caregivers of patients with dementia (PWD).

Methods

A database search from two major web gateways was conducted to identify relevant research articles with an intervention for caregivers of patients with any type of dementia that included self‐efficacy as an outcome measure.

Results

A total of 14 studies met the criteria. The key findings and characteristics of the interventions were summarized and analyzed. The results showed that caregivers' self‐efficacy and other aspects could be improved by psychosocial interventions.

Conclusion

The efficacy of the interventions for self‐efficacy and other outcomes for caregivers and PWD were explored. Recommendations on the effects and significance of various psychosocial interventions for caregivers of PWD in enhancing self‐efficacy were discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association between dietary vitamin C intake and risk of esophageal cancer: A dose–response meta‐analysis
Authors: Bo Yacong , Lu Yan , Zhao Yan , Zhao Erjiang , Yuan Ling , Lu Weiquan , Cui Lingling , Lu Quanjun
Published: September 2015

While several epidemiological studies have investigated the association between vitamin C and risk of esophageal cancer, the results remain inconsistent. In the present study, a meta‐analysis was conducted to assess the impact of dietary vitamin C intake on esophageal cancer risk. Online databases were searched up to March 29, 2015, for studies on the association between dietary vitamin C intake and esophageal cancer risk. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random‐effects model. Dose–response analyses were performed using the method of restricted cubic splines with four knots at percentiles of 5, 35, 65 and 95% of the distribution. Publication bias was estimated using Egger's tests and funnel plots. In all, 15 articles were included in this meta‐analysis, including 20 studies, containing 7063 controls and 3955 cases of esophageal cancer. By comparing the highest vs. the lowest categories of vitamin C intake, we found that vitamin C was inversely associated with the risk of esophageal cancer [overall OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.49–0.68, I2 = 56%]. A linear dose–response relationship was found. With an increase in dietary vitamin C intake of 50 mg/day, the risk of esophageal cancer statistically decreased by 13% (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.80–0.93, plinearity = 0.0002). In conclusion, our analysis suggested that the higher intake of dietary vitamin C might have a protective effect against esophageal cancer.