bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attitudes Toward and Use of eHealth Technologies Among German Dermatologists: Repeated Cross-Sectional Survey in 2019 and 2021
Authors: Augustin Matthias , Reinders Patrick , Janke Toni Maria , Strömer Klaus , von Kiedrowski Ralph , Kirsten Natalia , Zink Alexander , Otten Marina
Published: February 2024

Background

In recent years, legal and infrastructural conditions have been set to improve the adoption of digital applications in health care in Germany. The impact of these actions was amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. So far, no studies have confirmed this progress in dermatology.

Objective

The aim of this study was to measure changes in knowledge, interest, expectation, and use of digital applications in health care among dermatologists in Germany in 2019 and 2021.

Methods

We administered a repeated cross-sectional survey among dermatologists in medical practices and clinics in Germany at 2 time points: t1 (2019; before the COVID-19 pandemic) and t2 (2021; during the COVID-19 pandemic). We used a standardized questionnaire, including items on respondents’ knowledge, interest, expectation, and use of digital applications, as well as their demographics. The survey was distributed by post and email. The data were analyzed descriptively as well as with multiple logistic regressions.

Results

At t1, 585 (272/571, 47.6% female; mean age 52.4, SD 8.9 years) dermatologists and at t2, 792 (360/736, 48.9% female; mean age 54.3, SD 8.6 years) dermatologists participated in this survey. Interest in digital medicine was higher at t1 than at t2 (381/585, 65.1% vs 458/792, 57.8%; P≤.001). Nevertheless, 38.6% (306/792) had used digital applications more often since the beginning of the pandemic. For example, real-time telemedicine with patients (12/585, 2.1% vs 160/792, 7.6%; P≤.001) and other specialists did increase (33/385, 5.7% vs 181/792, 22.8%; P≤.001). Almost one-third expressed great concerns about digitalization (272/792, 34.3% vs 294/792, 37.1%; P=.21). Spatial analysis revealed higher interest in, more positive expectations toward, and higher use of digital applications in urban areas in comparison to rural areas. For instance, dermatologists from urban areas assessed future applications as having less risk (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.51, 95% CI 0.35-0.76) than did dermatologists from rural areas. The situation was similar with the age groups, as, for example, dermatologists aged <50 years also expected lower risks (aOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.34-0.77) than those aged ≥50 years. There were no differences between sexes in use, but there were differences in knowledge and expectation; for example, male participants assessed their confidence in using digital applications as higher (aOR 1.44, 95% CI 1.01-2.04) than did female participants.

Conclusions

During the pandemic, the use of digital applications in dermatology increased but still remained at a moderate level. The regional and age-related disparities identified indicate the need for further action to ensure equal access to digital care.
Attitudes Toward and Use of eHealth Technologies Among German Dermatologists: Repeated Cross-Sectional Survey in 2019 and 2021 (Preprint)
Authors: Augustin Matthias , Reinders Patrick , Janke Toni Maria , Strömer Klaus , von Kiedrowski Ralph , Kirsten Natalia , Zink Alexander , Otten Marina
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

In recent years, legal and infrastructural conditions have been set to improve the adoption of digital applications in health care in Germany. The impact of these actions was amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. So far, no studies have confirmed this progress in dermatology.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to measure changes in knowledge, interest, expectation, and use of digital applications in health care among dermatologists in Germany in 2019 and 2021.

METHODS

We administered a repeated cross-sectional survey among dermatologists in medical practices and clinics in Germany at 2 time points: t1 (2019; before the COVID-19 pandemic) and t2 (2021; during the COVID-19 pandemic). We used a standardized questionnaire, including items on respondents’ knowledge, interest, expectation, and use of digital applications, as well as their demographics. The survey was distributed by post and email. The data were analyzed descriptively as well as with multiple logistic regressions.

RESULTS

At t1, 585 (272/571, 47.6% female; mean age 52.4, SD 8.9 years) dermatologists and at t2, 792 (360/736, 48.9% female; mean age 54.3, SD 8.6 years) dermatologists participated in this survey. Interest in digital medicine was higher at t1 than at t2 (381/585, 65.1% vs 458/792, 57.8%; P≤.001). Nevertheless, 38.6% (306/792) had used digital applications more often since the beginning of the pandemic. For example, real-time telemedicine with patients (12/585, 2.1% vs 160/792, 7.6%; P≤.001) and other specialists did increase (33/385, 5.7% vs 181/792, 22.8%; P≤.001). Almost one-third expressed great concerns about digitalization (272/792, 34.3% vs 294/792, 37.1%; P=.21). Spatial analysis revealed higher interest in, more positive expectations toward, and higher use of digital applications in urban areas in comparison to rural areas. For instance, dermatologists from urban areas assessed future applications as having less risk (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.51, 95% CI 0.35-0.76) than did dermatologists from rural areas. The situation was similar with the age groups, as, for example, dermatologists aged <50 years also expected lower risks (aOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.34-0.77) than those aged ≥50 years. There were no differences between sexes in use, but there were differences in knowledge and expectation; for example, male participants assessed their confidence in using digital applications as higher (aOR 1.44, 95% CI 1.01-2.04) than did female participants.

CONCLUSIONS

During the pandemic, the use of digital applications in dermatology increased but still remained at a moderate level. The regional and age-related disparities identified indicate the need for further action to ensure equal access to digital care.
A Digital Intervention to Improve Skin Self-Examination Among Survivors of Melanoma: Protocol for a Type-1 Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Randomized Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Manne Sharon , Heckman Carolyn J , Frederick Sara , Schaefer Alexis A , Studts Christina R , Khavjou Olga , Honeycutt Amanda , Berger Adam , Liu Hao
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Although melanoma survival rates have improved in recent years, survivors remain at risk of recurrence, second primary cancers, and keratinocyte carcinomas. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends skin examinations by a physician every 3 to 12 months. Regular thorough skin self-examinations (SSEs) are recommended for survivors of melanoma to promote the detection of earlier-stage, thinner melanomas, which are associated with improved survival and lower treatment costs. Despite their importance, less than a quarter of survivors of melanoma engage in SSEs.

OBJECTIVE

Previously, our team developed and evaluated a web-based, fully automated intervention called mySmartSkin (MSS) that successfully improved SSE among survivors of melanoma. Enhancements were proposed to improve engagement with and outcomes of MSS. The purpose of this paper is to describe the rationale and methodology for a type-1 hybrid effectiveness-implementation randomized trial evaluating the enhanced MSS versus control and exploring implementation outcomes and contextual factors.

METHODS

This study will recruit from state cancer registries and social media 300 individuals diagnosed with cutaneous malignant melanoma between 3 months and 5 years after surgery who are currently cancer free. Participants will be randomly assigned to either enhanced MSS or a noninteractive educational web page. Surveys will be collected from both arms at baseline and at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months to assess measures of intervention engagement, barriers, self-efficacy, habit, and SSE. The primary outcome is thorough SSE. The secondary outcomes are the diagnosis of new or recurrent melanomas and sun protection practices.

RESULTS

Multilevel modeling will be used to examine whether there are significant differences in survivor outcomes between MSS and the noninteractive web page over time. Mixed methods will evaluate reach, adoption, implementation (including costs), and potential for maintenance of MSS, as well as contextual factors relevant to those outcomes and future scale-up.

CONCLUSIONS

This trial has the potential to improve outcomes in survivors of melanoma. If MSS is effective, the results could guide its implementation in oncology care and nonprofit organizations focused on skin cancers.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR1-10.2196/52689
Concerns About the Generalizability Associated With a South African Randomized Controlled Trial on Prenatal Mothers (Preprint)
Authors: Lin Yongjian
Published: February 2024

UNSTRUCTURED
Evaluating Tailored Learning Experiences in Emergency Residency Training: A Comparative Analysis of Mobile-Based Programs Versus Paper and Web-Based Approaches (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Hsin-Ling , Lee Cheng-Wei , Chang Chia-Wen , Chiu Yi-Ching , Hung Tzu-Yao
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

In the rapidly changing realm of medical education, Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) is emerging as a crucial framework to ensure residents acquire essential competencies efficiently. The advent of mobile-based (MB) platforms is seen as a pivotal shift from traditional educational methods, offering more dynamic and accessible learning options. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of MB applications in emergency residency programs compared to the traditional paper and web-based (PAWB) formats. Specifically, it focuses on analyzing their roles in facilitating immediate feedback, tracking educational progress, and personalizing the learning journey to meet the unique needs of each resident.

OBJECTIVE

To compare mobile-based (MB) emergency residency training programs with paper and web-based (PAWB) programs regarding competency-based medical education (CBME) core elements.

METHODS

An internet survey was conducted, and nationwide emergency training program participants were invited to participate. The study utilized stratified random sampling, based on the proportion of individuals in emergency residency training hospitals.

RESULTS

MB programs showed less frequent missed assessments (p=0.020), easier identification of the trainee performance trend (p<0.001), and easier identification of the required clinical scenarios and of the needed assessment (p<0.001) compared to the PAWB programs. The performance result of the MB programs can be presented in time through an impressive visual trend and rate of completion on the smartphone, thus allowing individualization of the training program compared with the PAWB programs(p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

In our nationwide survey, we observed that the Mobile-Based (MB) interface significantly enhances emergency residency training. It accomplishes this by providing rapid, customized updates, thereby increasing satisfaction and autonomous motivation among participants. This method is markedly different from traditional paper- or web-based approaches, which tend to be slower and less responsive. This difference is particularly evident in settings with limited resources. The MB interface is a crucial tool in modernizing training, as it improves efficiency, boosts engagement, and facilitates collaboration. It plays an essential role in advancing Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME), especially concerning tailored learning experiences.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A
Artificial Intelligence as a Potential Catalyst to a More Equitable Cancer Care (Preprint)
Authors: Garcia-Saiso Sebastian , Marti Myrna , Pesce Karina , Luciani Silvana , Mujica Oscar , Hennis Anselm , D'Agostino Marcelo
Published: February 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

As we enter the era of digital interdependence, artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a key instrument to transform health care and address disparities and barriers in access to services. This viewpoint explores AI's potential to reduce inequalities in cancer care by improving diagnostic accuracy, optimizing resource allocation, and expanding access to medical care, especially in underserved communities. Despite persistent barriers, such as socioeconomic and geographical disparities, AI can significantly improve health care delivery. Key applications include AI-driven health equity monitoring, predictive analytics, mental health support, and personalized medicine. This viewpoint highlights the need for inclusive development practices and ethical considerations to ensure diverse data representation and equitable access. Emphasizing the role of AI in cancer care, especially in low- and middle-income countries, we underscore the importance of collaborative and multidisciplinary efforts to integrate AI effectively and ethically into health systems. This call to action highlights the need for further research on user experiences and the unique social, cultural, and political barriers to AI implementation in cancer care.
Issue or Intervention in Demographic Disease Condition: Method Study Design (Preprint)
Authors: Salam Michael , dasd dasdas
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

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OBJECTIVE

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METHODS

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RESULTS

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CONCLUSIONS

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Evaluation of Comparative Efficacy of Levothyroxine Versus Kshar Basti and Kanchanar Guggul in the Treatment of Hypothyroidism: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Kulkarni Satyajit Pandurang , Parwe Shweta
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland that has an impact on the body’s general metabolism. Thus, the secretions of the thyroid gland can modify the overall metabolism of the entire body. The prevalence of hypothyroidism is increasing quickly, with rates of 2%-5% in affluent countries and 11% in India. Individuals diagnosed with hypothyroidism need to take medication for the rest of their lives, resulting in significant stress. Therefore, conducting a study in this area is imperative.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the therapeutic enema (Kshar Basti) and oral Kanchanar Guggul in the treatment of hypothyroidism.

METHODS

The trial group (n=45) will receive a therapeutic enema (Kshar Basti) followed by oral Ayurvedic drugs for 180 days. The control group (n=45) will be given levothyroxine tablets at a dosage of 1.6 µg/kg/day for the same duration. The objective is to examine the alterations in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels before and after the treatment.

RESULTS

Any deviation of the serum TSH by more than 20% from the initial values, while keeping triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) levels within the normal range, will be deemed statistically significant. Consequently, we anticipate a statistically significant variation in serum TSH levels between the therapeutic enema and Kanchanar Guggul treatments. Presently, the drug preparation operations are in progress. We expect to start enrolling patients in June 2024, do data analysis in December 2025, and acquire results by early 2026, marking the end of this trial.

CONCLUSIONS

This study will evaluate the efficacy of the therapeutic enema, specifically Kshar Basti, in treating hypothyroidism. Furthermore, more research can determine the efficacy of a therapeutic enema (Kshar Basti) in treating overt hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism during pregnancy.

CLINICALTRIAL

Clinical Trials Registry India CTRI/2023/05/052389; https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?EncHid=Nzk1NjY=&Enc=&userName=052389

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/57287
Prevalence, Mortality, and Access to Care for Chronic Kidney Disease in Medicaid-Enrolled Adults With Sickle Cell Disease in California: Retrospective Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Valle Jhaqueline , Lebensburger Jeffrey D , Garimella Pranav S , Gopal Srila
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant complication in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), leading to increased mortality.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate the burden of CKD in Medicaid-enrolled adults with SCD in California, examine differences in disease burden between male and female individuals, and assess mortality rates and access to specialized care.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study used the California Sickle Cell Data Collection program to identify and monitor individuals with SCD. Medicaid claims, vital records, emergency department, and hospitalization data from 2011 to 2020 were analyzed. CKD prevalence was assessed based on ICD (International Classification of Diseases) codes, and mortality rates were calculated. Access to specialized care was examined through outpatient encounter rates with hematologists and nephrologists.

RESULTS

Among the 2345 adults with SCD, 24.4% (n=572) met the case definition for CKD. The SCD-CKD group was older at the beginning of this study (average age 44, SD 14 vs 34, SD 12.6 years) than the group without CKD. CKD prevalence increased with age, revealing significant disparities by sex. While the youngest (18-29 years) and oldest (>65 years) groups showed similar CKD prevalences between sexes (female: 12/111, 10.8% and male: 12/101, 11.9%; female: 74/147, 50.3% and male: 34/66, 51.5%, respectively), male individuals in the aged 30-59 years bracket exhibited significantly higher rates than female individuals (30-39 years: 49/294, 16.7%, P=.01; 40-49 years: 52/182, 28.6%, P=.02; and 50-59 years: 76/157,48.4%, P<.001). During this study, of the 2345 adults, 435 (18.5%) deaths occurred, predominantly within the SCD-CKD cohort (226/435, 39.5%). The median age at death was 53 (IQR 61-44) years for the SCD-CKD group compared to 43 (IQR 33-56) years for the SCD group, with male individuals in the SCD-CKD group showing significantly higher mortality rates (111/242, 45.9%; P=.009) than female individuals (115/330, 34.9%). Access to specialist care was notably limited: approximately half (281/572, 49.1%) of the SCD-CKD cohort had no hematologist visits, and 61.9% (354/572) did not see a nephrologist during this study’s period.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides robust estimates of CKD prevalence and mortality among Medicaid-enrolled adults with SCD in California. The findings highlight the need for improved access to specialized care for this population and increased awareness of the high mortality risk and progression associated with CKD.
La decadencia democrática en México y América Latina
Authors: Mainwaring Scott , Pérez-Liñán Aníbal
Published: February 2024

Este artículo analiza los patrones que han presentado los regímenes políticos en América Latina en este siglo, con especial atención en México. Documenta casos de decadencia democrática (México, entre otros), un gran número de casos de estancamiento democrático y ausencia de profundización democrática. Tres factores dancuenta del estancamiento democrático: actores poderosos que impiden la profundización democrática, malos resultados de gobierno que alimentan la insatisfacción y allanan el camino para la emergencia de líderes populistas autoritarios, y “Estados híbridos” que violan los derechos de los ciudadanos, no brindan seguridad y servicios públicos de calidad y son capturados por intereses poderosos.
Preventive Pharmacological Therapy and Risk of Recurrent Urinary Stone Disease
Authors: Arivoli Kumaran , Valicevic Autumn N. , Oerline Mary K. , Hsi Ryan S. , Patel Sanjeevkumar R. , Hollingsworth John M. , Shahinian Vahakn B.
Published: February 2024

Background

Urinary stone disease is a prevalent condition associated with a high recurrence risk. Preventive pharmacological therapy has been proposed to reduce recurrent stone episodes. However, limited evidence exists regarding its effectiveness, contributing to its underutilization by physicians. This study aimed to evaluate the association between preventive pharmacological therapy (thiazide diuretics, alkali therapy, and uric acid–lowering medications) and clinically significant urinary stone disease recurrence.

Methods

Using data from the Veterans Health Administration, adults with an index episode of urinary stone disease from 2012 through 2019 and at least one urinary abnormality (hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, or hyperuricosuria) on 24-hour urine collection were included. The primary outcome was a composite variable representing recurrent stone events that resulted in emergency department visits, hospitalizations, or surgery for urinary stone disease. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to estimate the association between preventive pharmacological therapy use and recurrent urinary stone disease while adjusting for relevant baseline patient characteristics.

Results

Among the cohort of patients with urinary abnormalities (n=5637), treatment with preventive pharmacological therapy was associated with a significant 19% lower risk of recurrent urinary stone disease during the 12–36-month period after the initial urine collection (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.65 to 1.00; P = 0.0496). However, the effectiveness of preventive pharmacological therapy diminished over longer follow-up periods (12–48 and 12–60 months after the urine collection) and did not reach statistical significance. When examining specific urinary abnormalities, only alkali therapy for hypocitraturia was associated with a significant 26% lower recurrence risk within the 12–36-month timeframe (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.56 to 0.97; P = 0.03).

Conclusions

When considering all urinary abnormalities together, this study demonstrates that the use of preventive pharmacological therapy is associated with a lower risk of clinically significant recurrent episodes of urinary stone disease in the 12–36 month timeframe after urine collection, although only the association with the use of alkali therapy for hypocitraturia was significant when individual abnormalities were examined.
The Use of Artificial Scaffolds and Biofilms in Antibiotic Research
Authors: Júnior Djosci Coêlho de Sá , Vieira Ricardo Baroni , Cruz Giovanna Uchôa de Souza , Oliveira Bruna Postal , Batista Isadora Ferreira , Silva Kamilla Dutra , Bastos Felipe Machado Dourado , Miranda Karina Meira de , Neto Claudionor Antonio de Oliveira Amorim , Santos Isabela Godoy , Costa Laura Maria Lopes Sá Luz , Labre Thiago Brilhante Pereira , Ribeiro Gabriela Fernandes , Carvalho Laura Geovanna da Costa Reis , Tavares Lucas Torres , Albuquerque Maria Eduarda Santos , Cardoso Sarah Lorrayne Gomes Pereira
Published: February 2024

This literature review explores the utilization of artificial scaffolds and biofilms in advancing antibiotic research. It highlights the critical role these innovative models play in mimicking the complex environments of natural biofilms, crucial in bacterial survival, antibiotic resistance, and infection persistence. By offering insights into bacterial behavior, interaction, and resistance development under conditions closely resembling their natural habitats, artificial scaffolds and biofilms enable more effective study and development of strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. The paper underscores the necessity for continued innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration to refine these models, enhancing their clinical relevance and broadening their application to various bacterial species and infection contexts.
Myths in Humanities
Authors: Fatima Sadaf , Gaurav Dr. Manish Kumar
Published: February 2024

In the present paper titled ‘Myths in Humanities’ I have endeavoured to trace the significance and evolution of the study of myths across the disciplines- Anthropology, Psychology and Literature .The particular emphasis is on treating myth as narratives and analyse the presence and contemporary relevance of religious and cultural themes, symbols and language especially in relation to present literary discourse.I shall use the narrative of the ‘cave of sleepers’ from various sources with an emphasis on the themes and significance given to different themes in various cultural-religious contexts, thereby revealing the socio-political facts of the past societies and compare it with the present cultural and literal themes to explore how myths reveal the working and progress of human mind and society.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОИЗОЛЯЦИОННОЙ ТЕРМОСТОЙКОЙ ЛЕНТЫ ЛЭТСАР ПРИ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИИ КАБЕЛЬНЫХ ЖГУТОВ
Authors: Фединцева А.
Published: February 2024

Электроизоляционная термостойкая самослипающаяся лента ЛЭТСАР
(ТУ 38.103171-80) применяется для изоляции гибких шунтов и выводов
электрических машин постоянного и переменного тока, индукционных
электропечей, высоковольтных трансформаторов, а также склейки,
ориентирования, транспортировки и разбраковки полупроводниковых
элементов, изоляции электрических кабелей, жгутов, шин и токопроводов.
Лента обладает адгезией к полиэтиленовой изоляции кабеля, к ленте марки
ЛЭТСАР, к стали, меди, алюминию. Благодаря высокой теплостойкости
(до 250 °C), электрической прочности (не менее 20 кВ/мм), стойкости
к воздействию УФ-лучей, атмосферных осадков и химических агрессивных
сред применение ЛЭТСАР возможно там, где использование широко
распространенных материалов (изоленты ПВХ или ХБ) недопустимо.
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ КВАРЦЕВЫЕ И РУБИДИЕВЫЕ ГЕНЕРАТОРЫ
Authors: Иванов Ю.
Published: February 2024

В качестве источников опорной частоты в телекоммуникационной
аппаратуре чаще всего используются рубидиевые или прецизионные
кварцевые генераторы. Каждый из этих типов генераторов обладает
своими достоинствами и недостатками, при этом их стабильность
может быть вполне сопоставима в конечном итоге.
НАВИГАЦИЯ В МЕДИЦИНСКИХ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯХ: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ
Authors: Старовойтов Е. , Скиба Е.
Published: February 2024

В крупных медицинских учреждениях актуальной является проблема
навигации в помещениях для отслеживания перемещений пациентов,
медперсонала, мобильных роботов, медицинского оборудования. В статье
представлен обзор современных технологий и отечественных разработок,
которые могут быть использованы для решения этой задачи.
КАДРЫ В ОБЛАСТИ СВЧ-ИЗМЕРЕНИЙ: ПОТРЕБНОСТИ И ПУТИ ИХ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ. ЧАСТЬ 2
Authors: Ковалевский Ю.
Published: February 2024

Во второй части статьи приводится интервью с заместителем
генерального директора по радиотехническим и электромагнитным
измерениям ФГУП «ВНИИФТРИ» Иваном Михайловичем Малаем,
в котором он поделился своим мнением по поводу кадрового вопроса
в отрасли и рассказал о том, как решается данный вопрос на предприятии.
Наш разговор состоялся на семинаре «Новые возможности программно-
аппаратных решений „ПЛАНАР“ для измерений в ВЧ, СВЧ и мм
диапазонах», который проходил в Москве 9 ноября 2023 года и в рамках
которого были представлены в том числе доклады ФГУП «ВНИИФТРИ».
ФЛЮС-ГЕЛЬ «СОЛИУС ФГ-018»: ЧЕМ ПАЯЮТ РОССИЙСКИЕ СПЕЦИАЛИСТЫ
Authors: Поцелуев Д.й
Published: February 2024

На фоне ограничения поставок
в Россию технологических материалов
для электроники значительно вырос
интерес отечественных производителей
к продукции российского производства.
Отвечая на запросы своих клиентов
в 2023 году компания «Остек-Интегра»
представила новую линейку современных
паяльных материалов под брендом «Солиус».
В линейку вошли паяльные пасты, припои
для волновой и селективной пайки, флюсы,
флюс-гели, трубчатые припои с флюсом.
О новой линейке паяльных материалов,
особенностях флюс-геля «Солиус ФГ-018»
и его применении в производстве
электроники нам рассказал директор
по продажам и маркетингу
ООО «Остек-Интегра»
УФ-ОТВЕРЖДАЕМЫЙ КЛЕЙ ЭЛАД УФ-50 С УЛЬТРАНИЗКОЙ УСАДКОЙ ДЛЯ МОНТАЖА ОПТИЧЕСКИХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ
Authors: Антипова Е. , Спиридонова А. , Короткова Н. , Гладких С.
Published: February 2024

Представлены результаты испытаний одноупаковочного малоусадочного высоконаполненного эпоксидного клея, разработанного в ООО «НПП «Макромер» им. В.С. Лебедева», который применяется для монтажа оптических элементов. Клей отверждается под воздействием УФ-излучения за 30–60 с с объемной усадкой – 0,24%, линейной усадкой – менее 0,1%, обеспечивает прочность клеевого соединения «стекло – медь» не менее 1,5 МПа. Клей рекомендуется для точного позиционирования линз, призм и других оптических деталей.
РАЗРАБОТКА МОДУЛЬНОЙ ЛАБОРАТОРИИ SMARTLAB ДЛЯ ОБУЧЕНИЯ СТУДЕНТОВ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ ВУЗОВ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯМ IоT
Authors: Мастерских М.А. , Кноль М.Г. , Роенко (Дудник) А.О.
Published: February 2024

Статья посвящена разработке "умной" модульной лаборатории SmartLab для университетов технической направленности. В работе представлены результаты разработки трех модулей лаборатории: модуль контроля показаний климата, управления жалюзи и модуль доступа в кабинет. Налажена передача данных с устройств на веб-сайт с использованием микрокомпьютера. Полученные материалы могут быть использованы для формирования методических пособий и дальнейшего обучения студентов практическим навыкам в рамках курсов IoT и других смежных дисциплин.
Exilio, migración y Pandemia (2020-2022)
Authors: Santana Hernández Adalberto Enrique , Aguilar Ortega Teodoro , Castañeda García Laura , Li Depeng , Peredo Castro Francisco , Reyes Martín Hayled Martín , Sierra Kehoe María de las Mercedes , Soto López Rolan Eduardo , Torres Martínez Rubén , Vargas Canales Margarita Aurora , Vilchis Rodríguez Margarita Hilda
Published: February 2024

Los inicios de la tercera década del siglo xxi se encuentran signados por un gran acontecimiento mundial: la aparición de una de las epidemias más impactantes de la escena contemporánea, nos referimos al desarrollo que con fuerza vertiginosa comenzó a manifestarse en todo el orbe en los primeros meses de 2020. Se trató de la expansión del llamado coronavirus, propagación que hasta el momento de escribir estas líneas (30 de noviembre de 2021) alcanzaba en el orbe la cifra de 262,143,965 infectados y 5,207,160 fallecidos (según la University Johns Hopkins). Pandemia que adquirió su punto más álgido en la tercera ola, pero que a finales del 2021 alcanzó nueva fuerza, especialmente en los países europeos junto con la cuarta ola y la aparición de la variante ómicron, originada en Sudáfrica.
Manual paso a paso para el uso de FRAGSTATS: un programa de análisis de patrones espaciales
Authors: Martínez Jiménez Luis Diego , Herrera-Juárez Isabel , Miquelajauregui Graf Yosune
Published: February 2024

Este manual tiene el propósito de apoyar a estudiantes y personas académicas, así como a personal técnico del sector gubernamental, a familiarizarse con el uso de sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) y el análisis de los patrones dinámicos del paisaje sin la necesidad de tener algún conocimiento previo sobre estos. Este manual ofrece conocimientos fundamentales sobre el paisaje, las definiciones básicas, así como las consideraciones necesarias para definir la escala y métricas de análisis en función de los objetivos del proyecto. Provee, además, literatura básica y ligas a sitios en internet con acceso a mapas y datos de información geográfica explicando cómo descargarlos, procesarlos y editarlos en un SIG. Finalmente, el manual servirá de guía para ejecutar el modelo e interpretar las métricas y criterios resultado del análisis de paisaje en FRAGSTATS.
REDUCING STUDENTS’ COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION THROUGH GROUP WORK AS THE INTERACTIVE LEARNING ACTIVITY AT UNIVERSITAS PGRI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Siska Siska , Ikhsan M Khairi , Yelliza Yelliza
Published: February 2024

The high level of communication apprehension is one of the most frequent problems for the students as the English foreign language learners, somehow giving the appropriate interactive learning activities could be good solution for these problems. Therefore, this research was aimed at finding out the students’ responses on the using of group work as the learning activities to reduce their communication apprehension.  The research was conducted on the second year students of English Department at Universitas PGRI Sumatera Barat. The total number of respondents in this research was 21 students from 2022 B class selected purposively based on the subject matter; speech that use group work as the learning activities. This research was qualitative in nature since it used observation and an interview to collect the data. Students’ positive  responses on using  group work as the interactive learning activities to reduce their communication apprehension while speaking reached 90 % based on the interview, while data from the observation showed  most of the students had positive engagement, good motivation and eager to practice their speech in their own group bravely with high self-confidence. This, the conclusion can be stated that group work as interactive learning activities can help the students to reduce their communication apprehension
Students' Perceptions on the Use of ELSA Speak Application to Improve English Speaking Skills
Authors: Yuliawati Neng Lies , Suryadi Suryadi
Published: February 2024

Students encounter various challenges when striving to enhance their English-speaking abilities, one of which is the lack of sufficient learning tools, which might impede the progress of these talents. It's possible that some pupils won't have enough time to focus on their English skill. In the modern era, there exists a multitude of technologies and programs that might enhance one's English speaking proficiency. Among these options is the utilization of the ELSA Speak application. The goal of this study is to investigate students' viewpoints regarding the effectiveness of the ELSA Speak application in improving their English speaking skills. The study aims to evaluate students' perspectives regarding the efficacy of ELSA Speak as a means of enhancing their English speaking abilities. Additionally, it aims to investigate the extent to which students believe that the utilization of ELSA Speak can yield beneficial outcomes. A positive perspective on their proficiency in English communication, as well as factors that could influence their opinion of the application. This study employed simple random sampling methodology, wherein a sample of 60 individuals was chosen from a population of 100. Utilizing a survey instrument to gather information. The data was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 16.0, which involved calculating the mean correlation and average. Quantitative descriptive analysis employing Pearson correlation and Cronbach's alpha. The results of the questionnaire validation indicate that each statement item has passed due to the fact that the rcount value is greater than the rtable value. The Cronbach's alpha test yielded a high value of 0.955, indicating a strong level of reliability for the instrument. The study's findings suggest that the participants had a positive view on improving English speaking abilities using the ELSA speak application as a learning tool. In addition, pupils expressed positive experiences with the application. The users highlighted the user-friendly design, extensive range of materials, and significant improvement in their oral communication skills with frequent use of ELSA Speak. The research supports the use of this program as an effective tool for improving English speaking skills
Analysis of Two Stage CMOS Operational Amplifier in 90nm CMOS Technology
Authors: Kavya K. Guru Sai , Nagasowmya G. , Ankitha G. , Bharathi K. , Reshma K. , Sharmila M.
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Operational amplifier circuits are used in computation, instrumentation and other applications. Precision op-amps previously used in instrumentation are now-a-days being used in industrial and automotive applications. Hence, there always exists a need for better precision op-amps. It should operate under a wide temperature range. Nowadays, due to the industry trend of applying standard process technologies to implement both analog circuits and digital circuits on the same chip, Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology has become dominant over bipolar technology for analog circuit design in a mixed-signal system. Two-stage Op-Amp is one of the most commonly used Op-Amp architectures. In this work an operational amplifier based on CMOS is presented whose input depends on its bias currents which is 20µA and designed using 180nm and 90nm technologies. In sub-threshold region due to unique behavior of the MOS transistors not only allows a designer to work at low voltages and it also allows operating at low input bias currents. Most CMOS Op-Amps are designed for specific on-chip applications and are only required to drive capacitive loads of a few pf. In this proposed work, design of a two stage fully differential CMOS operational amplifier is presented and simulations are carried out in 180nm and 90nm technologies for various parameters. The simulation is to be carried out using Cadence Virtuoso Tool.
Design and Implementation of CMOS and Transmission Gate Based Full Adder Using 45nm Technology
Authors: Reddy J. Ganesh , Keerthi J. Priyanka , Revanth K. , Deekshitha K. Sai , Raju K. Upendra
Published: February 2024

Abstract: In electronic industry the level of integration is an important aspect as it makes the electronic device simpler and more reliable. The device density increases with the better level of integration. Power dissipation, Area occupied, and Propagation delay are some of the important factors that need to be considered. These parameters play a vital role in manufacturing portable electronic gadgets. Many binary adders are formed using full adders. Hence, if any enhancements have to be made to improve the performance, it can be made at the root level i.e., adders circuits itself. This in turn helps in bettering the performance of the electronics circuits which follow adder circuits. The low power VLSI design is of great importance due to portable electronic products. Full adder is a type of adder circuit that adds three inputs and gives two outputs. Out of three, two will be the present inputs and the third input will be the carry from the previous stage. ‘A’ and ‘B’ are the actual inputs, ‘C’ is the carry from the previous operation. SUM and CARRY OUT are the two outputs. In this work, Design and Implementation of full adder using conventional CMOS design and Transmission gate based Full adder circuits are carried out. At last comparison is made between the two designs with respect to power dissipation, delay and area (number of transistors). Cadence Virtuoso Tool is used in design and simulation conventional CMOS design and Transmission gate based Full adder circuits. The entire circuit is simulated in Cadence Tools at 45nm CMOS process.
Determination of Residual Presence of Toxic Heavy Metal in the Liver of LABEO BATA (HAMILTON, 1822) Using Rain Water Harvest System
Authors: Paul Sanjay Kumar , Jena Ipsita , Dhawan Kriti , Chatterjee Triparna , Mukherjee Priti , Acharjee Samik , Sen Bidisha Maitra , Dey Santi Ranjan
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Fish are special among vertebrates because they may absorb metal from the water through their gills and from their food through their guts (direct and trophic absorption methods). Since the fish's gills are the primary organ targeted by metal toxicity, the direct uptake route is more significant. Most research on the toxicity and accumulation of metals in fish focuses on individual metals. But in the natural world, fish are exposed to mixes of many metals, whose toxicity levels typically differ from those of individual metals because of their additive, sometimes less than additive (antagonistic) effects, or higher than additive (synergistic) effects. This article discusses the build-up of heavy metals in fish organs and tissues, particularly in relation to the intake of water-borne metals via the trophic pathway. The trophic route is important because it is related with “Biological Magnification”. The fish we eat, usually comes from rivers or pond or bheri, in Kolkata. These are also contaminated with heavy metal toxicity. The rain water is contamination free from heavy metal. We collected live fish from market and kept them in “Rain Water Harvest System” for 24 hours. The accumulated heavy metal was expected to be eliminated from fish liver within 24 hours through the process of detoxification. We found that, even after 24 hours, fish liver contain certain heavy metal as residue. The model fish was Labeo bata (Hamilton,1822). Far more studies on metal interactions should be performed to reach the level of predictability
Specific Characteristics of Etymology of Lexical Units Belonging to Iranian Languages (as an example of historical works created in the Persian-Tajik language in the 10-13th centuries)
Authors: Toshboyev Bahrom
Published: February 2024

Abstract: This article presents the general conclusions arising from the etymological views of Persian and Tajik historians who lived in the 10th-13th centuries . The opinions of Persian-Tajik historians about the etymology of lexical units are significant in terms of the fact that they are among the first etymological views of Tajik etymology and in most cases are in harmony with today's scientific conclusions.
The National Identity of Spanish Color Phraseological Units
Authors: Mekhrojovna Djalilova Sarvaroy
Published: February 2024

Annotation: The terms of color have long attracted researchers, their evolutionary, psycholinguistic and a number of other aspects have been studied. Currently, there is an increased interest in ethnolinguistic, linguocultural and other socially important aspects of color. N.G.Kulpina notes that "there is still no comprehensive consideration of color terms in terms of their semantics and functioning, depending on the type of object of designation...The place of color lexics in society, in the description of a person, the world of his feelings and the world of nature is not described"
Factores determinantes en el respaldo a Rodrigo Chaves Robles (Costa Rica) durante su primer año de mandato
Authors: Díaz González José Andrés
Published: February 2024

Durante su primer año de mandato Rodrigo Chaves Robles ha obtenido altos niveles de apoyo a su gestión, algo atípico para los presidentes en Costa Rica en los últimos 20 años. A partir de los datos obtenidos por dos encuestas se trata de determinar que variables y características de la población se relación con la valoración de la gestión de Chaves Robles, con el propósito de generar una explicación a este fenómeno. Se concluye que el apoyo de la población no se vincula con las características y estilo de liderazgo del presidente, o con la agenda política que impulsa; tampoco se encuentra una relación con el nivel de apoyo expresado y las variables sociodemográficas de la población. En cambio, la percepción de la población de su nivel socioeconómico y lo canales utilizados cotidianamente sobre política si inciden en la valoración expresada a la labor del presidente. También se identifica una relación entre ciertas prácticas religiosas y la valoración positiva a la labor de Chaves Robles.
Ni vivas ni muertas: personas desaparecidas en América Latina. Impactos psicosociales en sus familias
Authors: Camacho Quirós José David
Published: February 2024

Con el fin de estudiar los impactos psicosociales que genera la desaparición de personas en las dinámicas de las familias en América Latina; se realizó una aproximación de tipo exploratoria y cualitativa, mediante revisión y análisis bibliográfico y documental sobre la materia. Para ello, primeramente, se retomaron elementos históricos desde la década de 1930, principalmente de países como México, Argentina y Colombia, donde se identificó mayor producción académica en el tema, debido a sus propios procesos políticos e históricos nacionales; que permiten recuperar la historicidad del fenómeno e identificar nuevos actores y determinaciones que circunscriben actualmente la desaparición humana en la región. Finalmente, se planteó una discusión sobre los impactos psicosociales que generan los hechos estudiados, en las dinámicas de los hogares que atraviesan estas situaciones, desde ámbitos psíquicos, económicos y relacionales.
Índice de Vulnerabilidad del mono congo (Alouatta Palliata Palliata) desde la visión del desarrollo sostenible para su conservación
Authors: Azofeifa Rojas Inés
Published: February 2024

La evaluación de vulnerabilidad de la especie de mono congo (Alouatta palliata palliata) en Playa Hermosa, Guanacaste, Costa Rica fue posible mediante la aplicación de un Índice de Vulnerabilidad (IV) que integra los 4 ejes del Desarrollo Sostenible. Se encontró que la vulnerabilidad para esta especie es alta (63%). Principalmente en los criterios económicos y político-institucionales, mientras que el social y ambiental aportan en un 50% [S (14%) + A (15%) + E (17%) + PI (17%) = IV (63%)]. De esta manera las líneas de acción deben enfocarse en implementación de políticas y planes de manejo que incorporen al mono congo como una especie focal e intervención infraestructura presente en su hábitat, como lo son líneas eléctricas y carreteras.
Procesos de innovación en las Pymes para mitigar los efectos del Coronavirus: Estudio de Caso Colombia y Brasil
Authors: Fandiño Isaza Jesús Rafael , Munive Baños Diego Andrés , Packer Eigenstuhler Dyeniffer , Dávila Coa Luz Marina , Valandro Amanda , Conte Anderson , Baquero Márquez Vladimir Jhosmell , Zanella Cleunice , Zanin Antonio , Dalmutt Kruger Silvana , Quiroz Agamez Jaider
Published: February 2024

Este libro es el resultado del trabajo en equipo de profesores e investigadores colombianos y brasileños, quienes, del 2020 al 2022, realizaron encuentros de discusión sobre la importancia de la planificación y gestión estratégica en las empresas. Considerando el escenario de la pandemia, los investigadores llevaron a cabo investigaciones concomitantes entre empresas brasileñas y colombianas. El libro consta de tres capítulos. En la primera sección se presentan los resultados comparativos de una encuesta hecha entre pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) de Brasil y Colombia. El estudio presenta las principales estrategias de innovación utilizadas por las pymes de estos países, ante la pandemia del covid-19. La muestra incluyó 51 pymes brasileñas y 31 colombianas. La investigación señaló las dificultades económico-financieras y de gestión de personas de estas empresas, así como las acciones e iniciativas en el contexto de la pandemia. Las estrategias de innovación más utilizadas fueron las relacionadas con el marketing y la comunicación y las estrategias de innovación de procesos. Además, se identificaron muchas similitudes en el manejo de las estrategias organizacionales entre las pymes en las muestras de Brasil y Colombia. El segundo capítulo incluye el análisis de una encuesta realizada solo con hoteles en Santa Catarina (Brasil), con el objetivo de identificar los impactos de la pandemia en el ambiente hotelero, dado que el sector fue uno de los principales afectados por las restricciones gubernamentales. Con una muestra específica de 37 empresas del sector hotelero. La investigación destaca la importancia de la información y la gestión estratégica ante escenarios de contingencia. El tercer capítulo presenta al sector de la hostelería en Brasil que tiene una gran importancia en la economía nacional, ya que afecta directamente a otros sectores como la alimentación, las ventas, el turismo entre otros.