bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smartphone-based Sensing in Food Safety and Quality Analysis
Authors: Ru Choi Jane
Published: July 2017

Smartphone-based sensors have been widely used for the control of food safety and quality due to their cost-effectiveness, simplicity and practicality. Smartphones with a functional camera unit, powerful processor and custom-developed applications have been integrated into portable sensors to detect and quantify specific food pathogens, chemicals or toxins, which are suitable for use in remote settings, especially in developing countries. This chapter focuses on the recent progress of smartphone-based sensors, including paper-based sensors, chip-based sensors, smartphone microscopy and other types of sensors in food safety and quality assessment. We first discuss the historical development of smartphone, microfluidic devices and their integration. We emphasize the benefit of the use of smartphone-based sensors for the detection of food analytes, such as food pathogens, chemicals and toxins, as compared to the conventional benchtop detection technologies. We summarize smartphone-based sensing approaches based upon colorimetric, fluorescence, luminescence and electrochemical detection and highlight their progress towards commercialization. The existing challenges and future perspectives for the application of smartphone-based sensors in food safety assessment are also briefly discussed.
Synergy of facet control and surface metalloid modification on hierarchical Pt–Ni nanoroses toward high electrocatalytic activity
Authors: Zhao Qi , Wang Qin , Su Yiguo , Huang Keke , Xu Guangran , Li Yingjun , Liu Jiayin , Liu Baocang , Zhang Jun
Published: July 2017

We demonstrated a highly active nitrogen species-decorated Pt–Ni–N electrocatalyst with tunable architectures, facets, and catalytic performance.
Green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Garcinia imberti bourd and their impact on root canal pathogens and HepG2 cell lines
Authors: Sri Ramkumar S. R. , Sivakumar N. , Selvakumar G. , Selvankumar T. , Sudhakar C. , Ashokkumar B. , Karthi S.
Published: July 2017

Nanoparticle biosynthesis using the extract of medicinal plants in a non-hazardous mode has gained wide attention for various applications in nanomedicine.
Chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric analysis of N-acetyl-l-cysteine-protected palladium nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Lei , Hu Qin , Li Zhongping , Zhang Yan , Lu Dongtao , Shuang Shaomin , Choi Martin M. F. , Dong Chuan
Published: July 2017

The NAC-PdNPs product was successfully separated by reverse-phase HPLC, and the collected NAC-PdNPs fractions were characterised by MALDI-TOF MS.
Highly fluorescent hyperbranched BODIPY-based conjugated polymer dots for cellular imaging
Authors: Du Rongxin , Cui Shuang , Sun Zezhou , Liu Ming , Zhang Yong , Wu Qiong , Wu Changfeng , Guo Fengyun , Zhao Liancheng
Published: July 2017

Highly fluorescent hyperbranched conjugated polymers were prepared using a portion feeding method and successfully applied in biological in vitro and in vivo applications.
Co-catalyzed highly selective C(sp3)–H nitration
Authors: Zhou Yao , Tang Zhonghe , Song Qiuling
Published: July 2017

A Co-catalyzed highly selective C(sp3)–H nitration via a radical pathway was disclosed, overcoming the strong coordination effect of pyrimidine by suppressing C(sp2)–H functionalization as well as proximity C(sp3)–H functionalization.
Time-resolved spectroscopic analysis of the light-energy harvesting mechanism in carbazole-dendrimers with a blue-phosphorescent Ir-complex core
Authors: Cho Yang-Jin , Kim So-Yoen , Son Mi Rang , Son Ho-Jin , Cho Dae Won , Kang Sang Ook
Published: July 2017

In order to understand the light energy-harvesting mechanism, singular value decomposition analysis was performed to classify the temporal and spectral species in transient absorption spectra.
Dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole conjugate small molecule donors: effect of fluorine content on their photovoltaic properties
Authors: Busireddy Manohar Reddy , Chereddy Narendra Reddy , Shanigaram Balaiah , Kotamarthi Bhanuprakash , Biswas Subhayan , Sharma Ganesh Datt , Vaidya Jayathirtha Rao
Published: July 2017

Two small molecule donors, ICT4 and ICT6, with different extent of fluorine atoms are synthesized and their photovoltaic properties are explored.
Probe-location dependent resonance energy transfer at lipid/water interfaces: comparison between the gel- and fluid-phase of lipid bilayer
Authors: Singh Moirangthem Kiran , Khan Mohammad Firoz , Shweta Him , Sen Sobhan
Published: July 2017

Effect of dielectric environment and lipid fluidity/rigidity in multi-chromophoric FRET from a series of donors to acceptors at lipid/water interfaces are monitored by tailored donor–acceptor pairs.
Magnetite hollow microspheres with a broad absorption bandwidth of 11.9 GHz: toward promising lightweight electromagnetic microwave absorption
Authors: Shanenkov Ivan , Sivkov Alexander , Ivashutenko Alexander , Zhuravlev Viktor , Guo Qing , Li Liping , Li Guangshe , Wei GuoDong , Han Wei
Published: July 2017

The ferritic hollow microspheres with excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performances were successfully prepared by a fast, simple and scalable plasma dynamic method.
Geometric and electronic properties of Si-atom doped Al clusters: robustness of binary superatoms against charging
Authors: Akutsu Minoru , Koyasu Kiichirou , Atobe Junko , Miyajima Ken , Mitsui Masaaki , Tsunoyama Hironori , Nakajima Atsushi
Published: July 2017

Chemically stabilized binary superatoms are formed with Si-atom doping into Al superatoms.
Exploring viscosity, polarity and temperature sensitivity of BODIPY-based molecular rotors
Authors: Vyšniauskas Aurimas , López-Duarte Ismael , Duchemin Nicolas , Vu Thanh-Truc , Wu Yilei , Budynina Ekaterina M. , Volkova Yulia A. , Peña Cabrera Eduardo , Ramírez-Ornelas Diana E. , Kuimova Marina K.
Published: July 2017

The sensitivity of structurally similar BODIPY-based molecular rotors to viscosity, temperature and solvent polarity was investigated.
Fluorination-enriched electronic and magnetic properties in graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Nguyen Duy Khanh , Lin Yu-Tsung , Lin Shih-Yang , Chiu Yu-Huang , Tran Ngoc Thanh Thuy , Fa-Lin Ming
Published: July 2017

The feature-rich electronic and magnetic properties of fluorine-doped graphene nanoribbons are investigated by the first-principles calculations.
Trapping-desorption and direct-scattering of formaldehyde at Au(111)
Authors: Krüger Bastian C. , Park G. Barratt , Meyer Sven , Wagner Roman J. V. , Wodtke Alec M. , Schäfer Tim
Published: July 2017

Nonreactive surface scattering of atoms, molecules and clusters can be almost universally described by two mechanisms: trapping-desorption and direct-scattering.
Spectroscopic and reactivity differences in metal complexes derived from sulfur containing Triphos homologs
Authors: Petuker A. , Gerschel P. , Piontek S. , Ritterskamp N. , Wittkamp F. , Iffland L. , Miller R. , van Gastel M. , Apfel U.-P.
Published: July 2017

Spectroscopic, computational, and reactivity studies shed light on the different coordination behavior of sulfur containing Triphos derived complexes.
NPY binds with heme to form a NPY–heme complex: enhancing peroxidase activity in free heme and promoting NPY nitration and inactivation
Authors: Ye Huixian , Yang Zhen , Li Hailing , Gao Zhonghong
Published: July 2017

NPY binding with heme enhances the peroxidase activity of free heme, resulting in the important tyrosine nitration, which will attenuate its bioactivity.
Soybean isoflavones ameliorate ischemic cardiomyopathy by activating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant responses
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Haiyan
Published: July 2017

Isoflavone extracts of soybean ameliorate ischemic cardiomyopathy by improving antioxidant capacities of patientsviathe upregulation of Nrf2.
Optimizing the analyte introduction for 14C laser ablation-AMS
Authors: Welte Caroline , Wacker Lukas , Hattendorf Bodo , Christl Marcus , Koch Joachim , Yeman Christiane , Breitenbach Sebastian F. M. , Synal Hans-Arno , Günther Detlef
Published: July 2017

Sample introduction of online radiocarbon (14C) analysis using LA coupled to accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) has been characterized and optimized.
Spectroscopic diagnostics of axially viewed inductively coupled plasma and microwave induced plasma coupled to photochemical vapor generation with pneumatic nebulization inside a programmable temperature spray chamber
Authors: Giersz Jacek , Bartosiak Magdalena , Jankowski Krzysztof
Published: July 2017

ICP robustness increases with increasing programmable spray chamber temperature while MIP robustness decreases for the PCVG-PN-PTSC-ICP/MIP-OES technique.
Label-free, high-throughput holographic screening and enumeration of tumor cells in blood
Authors: Singh Dhananjay Kumar , Ahrens Caroline C. , Li Wei , Vanapalli Siva A.
Published: July 2017

We developed a microfluidic inline digital holography microscopy platform to fingerprint tumor cells in blood based on cell size and optical signatures.
Poly(glutamic acid) hydrogels crosslinked via native chemical ligation
Authors: Fan Zhiping , Cheng Ping , Liu Min , Li Dacheng , Liu Guiqin , Zhao Yanna , Ding Zhuang , Chen Fang , Wang Bingquan , Tan Xiaoxiao , Wang Zhengping , Han Jun
Published: July 2017

Poly(glutamic acid) hydrogels crosslinked by NCL have good biocompatibility and tunable properties.
Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide nanosheet-supported agglomerated cobalt oxide nanoparticles and their enhanced electron field emission properties
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Singh Rajesh K. , Vaz Alfredo R. , Yadav Ram M. , Rout Chandra S. , Moshkalev Stanislav A.
Published: July 2017

The field emission properties were demonstrated of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (rGO-NSs) containing agglomerated Co3O4 nanoparticles (rGO–Co3O4) synthesized by a one-step microwave approach.
Copper-catalyzed synthesis of arylcarboxamides from aldehydes and isocyanides: the isocyano group as an N1 synthon
Authors: Liu Jian-Quan , Shen Xuanyu , Liu Zhenhua , Wang Xiang-Shan
Published: July 2017

For the first time, transition-metal-catalyzed isocyanide group acting as an N1 synthon rather than exhibiting the carbene-like reactivity was discovered, exploiting a new reactivity profile of isocyanides.
Design and preparation of a hybrid ferroelectric material through ethylene glycol covalently grafted to Kaolinite
Authors: Qiao Qiao , Ding Yan-Ni , Zhao Shun-Ping , Li Li , Liu Jian-Lan , Ren Xiao-Ming
Published: July 2017

A hybrid ferroelectric material, thermally stable up to 295 °C, has been obtained through ethylene glycol covalent grafting to kaolinite (K-EG-cg).
Solution combustion synthesis and enhanced gas sensing properties of porous In2O3/ZnO heterostructures
Authors: Zou Xinwei , Yan Xiaoyan , Li Guomin , Tian Yuming , Zhang Mingang , Liang Liping
Published: July 2017

Self-assembled porous In2O3/ZnO heterostructures are synthesized via a low temperature solution combustion method. An extremely high gas sensitivity can be reached when exposed to Cl2 at 370 °C.
Catalytic effect of (Ti0.85Zr0.15)1.05Mn1.2Cr0.6V0.1Cu0.1on hydrogen storage properties of ultrafine magnesium particles
Authors: Liu Peng , Ma Xiujuan , Xie Xiubo , Li Xingguo , Liu Tong
Published: July 2017

The Mg–(Ti0.85Zr0.15)1.05Mn1.2Cr0.6V0.1Cu0.1composites synthesized by milling TiMn2alloy with ultrafine Mg particles display significantly enhanced hydrogen storage properties.
Mono and double Mizoroki–Heck reaction of aryl halides with dialkyl vinylphosphonates using a reusable palladium catalyst under aqueous medium
Authors: Lee Han-Sheng , Pai Shao-Hsuan , Liao Wei-Ting , Yang Xin-Jing , Tsai Fu-Yu
Published: July 2017

2-Aryl or 2,2-diaryl vinylphosphonates can be selectively obtained by using aryl halides or dialkylvinylphosphonate as the limiting reagent.
Core and surface microgel mechanics are differentially sensitive to alternative crosslinking concentrations
Authors: Mohapatra Himansu , Kruger Terra M. , Lansakara Thiranjeewa I. , Tivanski Alexei V. , Stevens Lewis L.
Published: July 2017

Microgel mechanics are central to the swelling of stimuli-responsive materials and furthermore have recently emerged as a novel design space for tuning the uptake of nanotherapeutics.
Hybridizing germanium anodes with polysaccharide-derived nitrogen-doped carbon for high volumetric capacity of Li-ion batteries
Authors: Ryu Jaegeon , Hong Dongki , Shin Sunghee , Choi Wooyoung , Kim Ahyoung , Park Soojin
Published: July 2017

Hybridized Ge nanostructures with nitrogen-doped carbon have been demonstrated for high volumetric energy density of lithium ion batteries.
Synergistic effect of 2D Ti2C and g-C3N4 for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Shao Mengmeng , Shao Yangfan , Chai Jianwei , Qu Yuanju , Yang Mingyang , Wang Zeli , Yang Ming , Ip Weng Fai , Kwok Chi Tat , Shi Xingqiang , Lu Zhouguang , Wang Shijie , Wang Xuesen , Pan Hui
Published: July 2017

The novel photocatalyst Ti2C/g-C3N4 exhibits substantially enhanced water splitting activities due to its improved light absorbance, efficient separation of photoinduced carriers and large surface area.
Stent containing CD44-targeting polymeric prodrug nanoparticles that release paclitaxel and gemcitabine in a time interval-controlled manner for synergistic human biliary cancer therapy
Authors: Yun Dayeon , Kim Hyun-Ouk , Son Hye Young , Choi Yuna , Noh Ilkoo , Lim Jong-Woo , Kim Jihye , Chun Haejin , Park Geunseon , Lee Dong Ki , Jang Sung Il , Jang Eunji , Huh Yong-Min , Haam Seungjoo
Published: July 2017

The use of drug-eluting stents (DESs) is a promising strategy for non-vascular diseases, especially human biliary cancer.
Site-selective immobilization of functionalized DNA origami on nanopatterned Teflon AF
Authors: Shaali M. , Woller J. G. , Johansson P. G. , Hannestad J. K. , de Battice L. , Aissaoui N. , Brown T. , El-Sagheer A. H. , Kubatkin S. , Lara-Avila S. , Albinsson B. , Jesorka A.
Published: July 2017

Teflon AF acts as a negative e-beam resist, here utilized for immobilization of porphyrin-anchored single DNA molecules on nanopillars, and precise determination of individual label positions.
Partially planar BP3with high electron mobility as a phosphorene analog
Authors: Shojaei Fazel , Kang Hong Seok
Published: July 2017

We propose a two-dimensional BP3crystal with a very high electron mobility of 4.6 × 104cm2V−1s−1. Bilayer formation, specifically stacking pattern AA, results in an even higher electron mobility of ∼3.7 × 105cm2V−1s−1, which is ∼2500 times larger than that of an α phosphorene bilayer.
Novel iridium(iii) complexes bearing dimesitylboron groups with nearly 100% phosphorescent quantum yields for highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Liu Boao , Dang Feifan , Feng Zhao , Tian Zhuanzhuan , Zhao Jiang , Wu Yong , Yang Xiaolong , Zhou Guijiang , Wu Zhaoxin , Wong Wai-Yeung
Published: July 2017

The solution-processed OLEDs based on IrIII complexes with high ΦP can show a maximum ηL of 85.1 cd A−1, ηP of 69.7 lm W−1, and ηext of 28.1%.
Low-scaling first-order properties within second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory using Cholesky decomposed density matrices
Authors: Vogler Sigurd , Ludwig Martin , Maurer Marina , Ochsenfeld Christian
Published: July 2017

An efficient implementation of energy gradients and of hyperfine coupling constants in second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) is presented based on our fully atomic orbital (AO)-based approach. For the latter, an unrestricted AO-based MP2 formulation is introduced. A reduction in the dependency of the computational efficiency on the size of the basis set is achieved by a Cholesky decomposition and the prefactor is reduced by the resolution-of-the-identity approximation. Significant integral contributions are selected based on distance-including integral estimates (denoted as QQR-screening) and its reliability as a fully controlled screening procedure is demonstrated. The rate-determining steps are shown via model computations to scale cubically in the computation of energy gradients and quadratically in the case of hyperfine coupling constants. Furthermore, a significant speed-up of the computational time with respect to the canonical formulation is demonstrated.
Molecular beam epitaxy growth of SmFeAs(O,F) films with Tc = 55 K using the new fluorine source FeF3
Authors: Sakoda Masahito , Ishii Akihiro , Takinaka Kenji , Naito Michio
Published: July 2017

REFeAs(O,F) (RE: rare-earth element) has the highest-Tc (∼58 K) among the iron-based superconductors, but a thin-film growth of REFeAs(O,F) is difficult. This is because it is not only a complex compound consisting of five elements but also requires doping of highly reactive fluorine to achieve superconductivity. We have reported in our previous article that fluorine can be supplied to a film by subliming solid-state fluorides such as FeF2 or SmF3. In this article, we report on the growth of SmFeAs(O,F) using FeF3 as an alternative fluorine source. FeF3 is solid at ambient temperatures and decomposes at temperatures as low as 100–200 °C, and releases fluorine-containing gas during the thermal decomposition. With this alternative fluorine source, we have grown SmFeAs(O,F) films with Tc as high as 55 K. This achievement demonstrates that FeF3 has potential as a fluorine source that can be employed ubiquitously for a thin-film growth of any fluorine containing compounds. One problem specific to FeF3 is that the compound is highly hydroscopic and contains a substantial amount of water even in its anhydrous form. In this article, we describe how to overcome this specific problem.
Mott type variable range hopping conduction and magnetoresistance in p-type CuIn3Te5 semiconductor compound
Authors: Essaleh L. , Wasim S. M. , Marín G. , Rincón C. , Amhil S. , Galibert J.
Published: July 2017

Variable range hopping (VRH) conduction of Mott type for a constant and non-vanishing density of states at the Fermi level is observed over a wide range of temperature between 45 and 210 K in the ordered defect compound CuIn3Te5 (CIT135). For this type of electrical conduction at a very high temperature, not reported before in elemental, II-VI, and I-III-VI2 compound semiconductors, we employed three different methods to analyze the data and to confirm this behavior. The occurrence of VRH at very high temperatures is explained as due to the presence of the electrically inactive (InCu+2 + 2 VCu−1) donor-acceptor defect pairs in CIT135. This defect-pair partially annihilates the shallow acceptor defect state Cu vacancy, which is responsible for the activated electrical conductivity observed in p-type ternary I-III-VI2 chalcopyrite compounds in the temperature range of liquid nitrogen. In such conditions, the only acceptor level available for electrical conduction in CIT135 is a deep acceptor state whose activation energy is about 200 meV and cannot be activated below about 200 K. Hence, the VRH conduction mechanism dominates the electrical properties of this material up to about 200 K. The study of the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the magnetoresistance (MR) up to 27 T is made by taking into consideration different theoretical models. To explain the negative MR at lower fields, the theory based on quantum interference is used. At higher magnetic fields, the MR becomes positive and is explained with the model based on the shrinkage of the wave function.
Quantitative estimation of localization errors of 3d transition metal pseudopotentials in diffusion Monte Carlo
Authors: Dzubak Allison L. , Krogel Jaron T. , Reboredo Fernando A.
Published: July 2017

The necessarily approximate evaluation of non-local pseudopotentials in diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) introduces localization errors. We estimate these errors for two families of non-local pseudopotentials for the first-row transition metal atoms Sc–Zn using an extrapolation scheme and multideterminant wavefunctions. Sensitivities of the error in the DMC energies to the Jastrow factor are used to estimate the quality of two sets of pseudopotentials with respect to locality error reduction. The locality approximation and T-moves scheme are also compared for accuracy of total energies. After estimating the removal of the locality and T-moves errors, we present the range of fixed-node energies between a single determinant description and a full valence multideterminant complete active space expansion. The results for these pseudopotentials agree with previous findings that the locality approximation is less sensitive to changes in the Jastrow than T-moves yielding more accurate total energies, however not necessarily more accurate energy differences. For both the locality approximation and T-moves, we find decreasing Jastrow sensitivity moving left to right across the series Sc–Zn. The recently generated pseudopotentials of Krogel et al. [Phys. Rev. B 93, 075143 (2016)] reduce the magnitude of the locality error compared with the pseudopotentials of Burkatzki et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 129, 164115 (2008)] by an average estimated 40% using the locality approximation. The estimated locality error is equivalent for both sets of pseudopotentials when T-moves is used. For the Sc–Zn atomic series with these pseudopotentials, and using up to three-body Jastrow factors, our results suggest that the fixed-node error is dominant over the locality error when a single determinant is used.
Comparison of Langmuir probe and multipole resonance probe measurements in argon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen mixtures in a double ICP discharge
Authors: Fiebrandt Marcel , Oberberg Moritz , Awakowicz Peter
Published: July 2017

The results of a Multipole Resonance Probe (MRP) are compared to a Langmuir probe in measuring the electron density in Ar, H2, N2, and O2 mixtures. The MRP was designed for measurements in industry processes, i.e., coating or etching. To evaluate a possible influence on the MRP measurement due to molecular gases, different plasmas with increasing molecular gas content in a double inductively coupled plasma at 5 Pa and 10 Pa at 500 W are used. The determined electron densities from the MRP and the Langmuir probe slightly differ in H2 and N2 diluted argon plasmas, but diverge significantly with oxygen. In pure molecular gas plasmas, electron densities measured with the MRP are always higher than those measured with the Langmuir Probe, in particular, in oxygen containing mixtures. The differences can be attributed to etching of the tungsten wire in the Ar:O2 mixtures and rf distortion in the pure molecular discharges. The influence of a non-Maxwellian electron energy distribution function, negative ions or secondary electron emission seems to be of no or only minor importance.
Self-excited multi-scale skin vibrations probed by optical tracking micro-motions of tracers on arms
Authors: Chen Wei-Chia , Chen Hsiang-Ying , Chen Yu-Sheng , Tian Yong , I Lin
Published: July 2017

The self-excited multi-scale mechanical vibrations, their sources and their mutual coupling of different regions on the forearms of supine subjects, are experimentally investigated, using a simple noncontact method, optical video microscopy, which provides 1 μm and 25 ms spatiotemporal resolutions. It is found that, in proximal regions far from the radial artery, the vibrations are the global vibrations of the entire forearm excited by remote sources, propagating through the trunk and the limb. The spectrum is mainly composed of peaks of very low frequency motion (down to 0.05 Hz), low frequency respiration modes, and heartbeat induced modes (about 1 Hz and its harmonics), standing out of the spectrum floor exhibiting power law decay. The nonlinear mode-mode coupling leads to the cascaded modulations of higher frequency modes by lower frequency modes. The nearly identical waveforms without detectable phase delays for a pair of signals along or transverse to the meridian of regions far away from the artery rule out the detectable contribution from the propagation of Qi, some kind of collective excitation which more efficiently propagates along meridians, according to the Chinese medicine theory. Around the radial artery, in addition to the global vibration, the local vibration spectrum shows very slow breathing type vibration around 0.05 Hz, and the artery pulsation induced fundamental and higher harmonics with descending intensities up to the fifth harmonics, standing out of a flat spectrum floor. All the artery pulsation modes are also modulated by respiration and the very slow vibration.
Electrical field-induced faceting of etched features using plasma etching of fused silica
Authors: Huff M. , Pedersen M.
Published: July 2017

This paper reports a previously unreported anomaly that occurs when attempting to perform deep, highly anisotropic etches into fused silica using an Inductively-Coupled Plasma (ICP) etch process. Specifically, it was observed that the top portion of the etched features exhibited a substantially different angle compared to the vertical sidewalls that would be expected in a typical highly anisotropic etch process. This anomaly has been termed as “faceting.” A possible explanation of the mechanism that causes this effect and a method to eradicate it has been developed. Additionally, the method to eliminate the faceting is demonstrated. It is theorized that this faceting is a result of the interaction of the electro-potential electrical fields that surround the patterned nickel layers used as a hard mask and the electrical fields directing the high-energy ions from the plasma to the substrate surface. Based on this theory, an equation for calculating the minimum hard mask thickness required for a desired etch depth into fused silica to avoid faceting was derived. As validation, test samples were fabricated employing hard masks of thicknesses calculated based on the derived equation, and it was found that no faceting was observed on these samples, thereby demonstrating that the solution performed as predicted. Deep highly anisotropic etching of fused silica, as well as other forms of silicon dioxide, including crystalline quartz, using plasma etching, has an important application in the fabrication of several MEMS, NEMS, microelectronic, and photonic devices. Therefore, a method to eliminate faceting is an important development for the accurate control of the dimensions of deep and anisotropic etched features of these devices using ICP etch technology.
Magnetic and structural properties of sintered bulk pucks and aerosol deposited films of Ti-doped barium hexaferrite for microwave absorption applications
Authors: Johnson Scooter D. , Gonzalez Christopher M. , Anderson Virginia , Robinson Zachary , Newman Harvey S. , Shin Sanghoon , Qadri Syed B.
Published: July 2017

We report structural, compositional, and magnetic properties for a commercially available doped barium hexaferrite material produced by Temex Ceramics. The material is designed to absorb electromagnetic radiation near the upper edge of the Ku frequency band (∼18 GHz) and may serve as an important component to microwave circuitry. To aid in the development of such circuits that may utilize this or similar materials, we present results of the material properties of the raw starting powder, sintered pucks, and in the form of a film deposited by aerosol deposition. We find that the structural and magnetic properties are consistent with the parent compound, barium hexaferrite. Samples sintered at 1250 °C show some degree of preferred magnetic and structural orientation. Chemical analysis indicates that a titanium dopant has been added and that the material demonstrates broad absorption above 13 GHz that improves with sintering temperature. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the properties of this commercially available material.
Strong third-order nonlinear response and optical limiting of α-NiMoO4 nanoparticles
Authors: Das Amlan , Ratha Satyajit , Yadav Rajesh Kumar , Mondal Anirban , Rout Chandra Sekhar , Adarsh K. V.
Published: July 2017

In this manuscript, we demonstrate the strong resonant two photon absorption coefficient ≈71 ± 5 cm/GW at 532 nm in α-NiMoO4 nanoparticles prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. Strikingly, we have obtained the optical limiting onset threshold fluence (FON) of 36 mJ/cm2 for the linear transmittance of 0.64 with an excellent two photon absorption cross section (38 × 10−45 cm4 s), which suggests that they can be utilized as passive optical limiters. To explain the observed effects, we present a two-level rate equation model and numerically simulated the Z-scan peak shape, which is in good agreement with the experimental data. Further, we also show the normalized population density of the carriers in excited and ground states.
Suppressed carrier density for the patterned high mobility two-dimensional electron gas at γ-Al2O3/SrTiO3 heterointerfaces
Authors: Niu Wei , Gan Yulin , Zhang Yu , Valbjørn Christensen Dennis , von Soosten Merlin , Wang Xuefeng , Xu Yongbing , Zhang Rong , Pryds Nini , Chen Yunzhong
Published: July 2017

The two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the non-isostructural interface between spinel γ-Al2O3 and perovskite SrTiO3 is featured by a record electron mobility among complex oxide interfaces in addition to a high carrier density up to the order of 1015 cm−2. Herein, we report on the patterning of 2DEG at the γ-Al2O3/SrTiO3 interface grown at 650 °C by pulsed laser deposition using a hard mask of LaMnO3. The patterned 2DEG exhibits a critical thickness of 2 unit cells of γ-Al2O3 for the occurrence of interface conductivity, similar to the unpatterned sample. However, its maximum carrier density is found to be approximately 3 × 1013 cm−2, much lower than that of the unpatterned sample (∼1015 cm−2). Remarkably, a high electron mobility of approximately 3600 cm2 V−1 s−1 was obtained at low temperatures for the patterned 2DEG at a carrier density of ∼7 × 1012 cm−2, which exhibits clear Shubnikov-de Haas quantum oscillations. The patterned high-mobility 2DEG at the γ-Al2O3/SrTiO3 interface paves the way for the design and application of spinel/perovskite interfaces for high-mobility all-oxide electronic devices.
Fisher information and Rényi entropies in dynamical systems
Authors: Godó B. , Nagy Á.
Published: July 2017

The link between the Fisher information and Rényi entropies is explored. The relationship is based on a thermodynamical formalism based on Fisher information with a parameter, β, which is interpreted as the inverse temperature. The Fisher heat capacity is defined and found to be sensitive to changes of higher order than the analogous quantity in the conventional formulation.
Towards improving wildland firefighter situational awareness through daily fire behaviour risk assessments in the US Northern Rockies and Northern Great Basin
Authors: Jolly W. Matt , Freeborn Patrick H.
Published: July 2017

Wildland firefighters must assess potential fire behaviour in order to develop appropriate strategies and tactics that will safely meet objectives. Fire danger indices integrate surface weather conditions to quantify potential variations in fire spread rates and intensities and therefore should closely relate to observed fire behaviour. These indices could better inform fire management decisions if they were linked directly to observed fire behaviour. Here, we present a simple framework for relating fire danger indices to observed categorical wildland fire behaviour. Ordinal logistic regressions are used to model the probabilities of five distinct fire behaviour categories that are then combined with a safety-based weight function to calculate a Fire Behaviour Risk rating that can plotted over time and spatially mapped. We demonstrate its development and use across three adjacent US National Forests. Finally, we compare predicted fire behaviour risk ratings with observed variations in satellite-measured fire radiative power and we link these models with spatial fire danger maps to demonstrate the utility of this approach for landscape-scale fire behaviour risk assessment. This approach transforms fire weather conditions into simple and actionable fire behaviour risk metrics that wildland firefighters can use to support decisions that meet required objectives and keep people safe.
Annual mass drownings of the Serengeti wildebeest migration influence nutrient cycling and storage in the Mara River
Authors: Subalusky Amanda L. , Dutton Christopher L. , Rosi Emma J. , Post David M.
Published: July 2017

Significance

Much research has focused on the influence of animal migrations on terrestrial ecosystems. Mass drownings are an understudied phenomenon associated with migrations that may have substantial impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Here, we show that mass drownings of wildebeest occur nearly annually during the Serengeti wildebeest migration, and these mass drownings contribute the equivalent biomass of 10 blue whale carcasses per year to this moderately sized river. Soft tissues of the carcass decompose within several weeks and are assimilated by both in-stream and terrestrial consumers. Bones decompose over years, which may influence nutrient cycling and food webs in the river on decadal time scales. The loss of migrations and associated mass drownings may fundamentally alter river ecosystems in ways previously unrecognized.
Introduction
Authors: Celle Agnès , Lansari Laure
Published: July 2017

This paper is an introduction to this special issue on the description and expression of surprise. In line with the ANR-funded project it is part of, this volume aims to bridge the gap between emotion, cognition and linguistics. It stresses the unique status of surprise among emotions, uncovering the link between surprise and epistemicity. Drawing upon the traditional distinction between the description and expression of emotions made by scholars of different persuasions, it argues for a better definition of expressivity as a category in its own right, possibly independent of the expression of spontaneous emotion. This paper also provides a presentation of the eight contributions the volume is made up of.
Surprise as a conceptual category
Authors: Kövecses Zoltán
Published: July 2017

In this paper, I examine the concept of surprise from a cognitive linguistic perspective. As previous studies indicate, surprise is a not-quite-prototypical emotion category. My focus will be on the structure and content of surprise as an emotion category, as this can be revealed on the basis of the language speakers of English use to talk about it. As regards methodology, I will follow my earlier work and employ a “lexical approach” to emotion concepts (see, e.g., Kövecses, 1986, 1990, 2000) to explore the language-based folk model of surprise in English. I will investigate the conceptual metaphors and metonymies associated with surprise and will propose a cognitive model for the emotion. It is hoped that this methodology enables us to see why surprise is not a prototypical emotion concept on a par with, for example, anger or fear.
Grammatical evidentiality and the unprepared mind
Authors: Peterson Tyler
Published: July 2017

The aim of this paper is to investigate how evidentials are used to reflect the unprepared mind of the speaker. Lexical evidentials are typically used by speakers to encode the kinds of evidence they have for making statements about states, events and actions they did not personally witness or were a part of. However, under certain conditions evidentials can be used to express the surprise of the speaker. This is known in the literature under the label mirativity. The empirical factors that condition the mirative use of an evidential are first determined, and then using an information and schema-theoretic analysis it is shown that mirativity is the linguistic reflex of a series of mental events involving the processing of new information, coupled with other contextual factors involving speaker knowledge.
Operationalizing mirativity
Authors: Krawczak Karolina , Glynn Dylan
Published: July 2017

This study focuses on the conceptual category of mirativity and its constructional construal in English. We propose an operationalization of mirativity with a view to investigating the phenomenon within the usage-based quantitative methodology of multifactorial analysis (Geeraerts, Grondelaers, & Bakema, 1994; Gries, 2003). The proposed operationalization is founded on two usage dimensions, i.e., the degree of performativity of the utterance and the degree of incongruity of the described event. It is argued that mirativity, in its prototypical form, can be operationally defined as a combination of high levels of these two variables. The feasibility of this operationalization in usage-based quantitative research is tested in a case study investigating three surprise-encoding constructions in English: [what + the + np], [what + a + np] and [to + my + np]. The data, amounting to 350 observations of the three constructions, were extracted from dialogic online diaries and submitted to detailed manual annotation and subsequent multivariate statistical modeling. The results reveal a usage continuum ranging from [what + the + np] through [to + my + np] to [what + a + np] relative to the high degrees of performativity and incongruity.
The computer-mediated expression of surprise
Authors: Ascone Laura
Published: July 2017

This paper investigates how Italian native speakers express surprise in English as their second language on Facebook. A qualitative study was conducted on a corpus of forty English utterances by Italian native speakers conveying surprise and two control corpora composed of forty Italian and forty English native speakers’ expressions. First, a systemic approach will be adopted: by analysing the order in which the speaker reacts to, comments on, and wonders about new information, the objective is to determine a pattern peculiar to the verbal expression of surprise, and to ascertain how the mother tongue and the language-learning background are influential when expressing an instinctive reaction such as surprise in a foreign language. Attention will then be paid to the lexical expression of surprise. In particular, the analysis will focus on the features specific to non-native speakers (i.e. use of verbs and code-switching), on the codes peculiar to CMC (i.e. smileys and punctuation), and on how these codes are employed to convey surprise disruption, valence and intensity. By examining all these aspects, this research examines how English non-native speakers express surprise in chats.
Institutional power in and behind discourse
Authors: Zhang Meifang , Pan Hanting
Published: July 2017

This article takes a critical approach to the study of the SARS notices and their translations from the perspective of discourse analysis. Drawing upon the insights of systemic functional linguistics (SFL) and critical discourse analysis (CDA), this study explores how language is used by different governmental institutions in shaping their social power and hierarchy. By conducting a comparative study of the SARS notices and their translations, focusing on speech roles, speech functions, modality types and modality orientation, the authors argue that choices made in producing the texts reflect the institutions’ social roles and their relationship with each other and with the audience. They also argue that the application of concepts from SFL in detailed text analysis and from CDA in the overall discussion may better reveal how different models of discourse analysis can supplement each other and be applied to translation studies.
Speaker positioning in interpreter-mediated press conferences
Authors: Schäffner Christina
Published: July 2017

This article investigates potential effects which (the recontextualisation of) interpreted discourse can have on the positioning of participants. The discursive event which forms the basis of the analysis are international press conferences which bring politicians and journalists together. The dominant question addressed is: (How) do interpreter-mediated encounters influence the positioning of participants and thus the construction of interactional and social roles? The article illustrates that methods of (critical) discourse analysis can be used to identify positioning strategies which are employed by participants in such triadic exchanges. The data come from press conferences which involve English, German, and French as source and target languages.
Two layers of overt untruthfulness
Authors: Dynel Marta
Published: July 2017

This philosophical-pragmatic paper discusses several forms of irony which rest on other figures of speech contingent on overt untruthfulness, namely the figures arising as a result of flouting the first maxim of Quality. It is argued that an ironic implicature may be piggybacked on another implicature, called “as if implicature”, originating from flouting the first maxim of Quality occasioned by metaphor. Metaphorical irony, which is subject to the irony-after-metaphor order of interpretation, exhibits a number of manifestations depending on the nature and scope of irony, and the scope of the subordinate metaphor. On the other hand, rather than giving rise to an as if implicature distinct from the irony-based one, hyperbole and meiosis, which are inherently evaluative, most typically overlap with ironically evaluative expressions, promoting meiotic and hyperbolic irony, frequently (wrongly, as will be claimed here) considered by researchers to rely on flouting Quantity maxims. However, cases of independent use of hyperbole or meiosis in ironic environment are also possible. Such invite two levels of untruthfulness and two implicatures.
Two categorization patterns in idiom semantics
Authors: Gogichev Chermen
Published: July 2017

The article looks at idioms as categorization means. On the basis of linguistic analysis of semantic organization of idioms two patterns of idiomatic categorization are argued — general categorization and relevant property based categorization. Cognitive functions of idioms differ with regard to their role as categorization means, idioms can serve different categorization purposes according to two general cognitive processes — static and dynamic — including in a category or considering the given qualities as the reasons for categorization. Moreover, the purpose of categorization was investigated with defining the specificity of the phenomena and its types. The categorization purpose was conceived as different types of information e.g. behavioral expectations or interaction models with the object. The cause-effect relationship between the category and the categorization purpose was claimed.
Place and Person(a)
Authors: Amel Rodica
Published: July 2017

Without any polemic intention, our present contribution will be concerned with the idea of corporeality as an ontological index, in positive and negative perspective. In the positive perspective, corporeality represents the definitional index of the human person. More specifically, we shall approach the (human) corporeality within the formative process of the person`s consciousness (persona). In order to make relevant our philosophical target, the idea of corporeality will be treated within the semiotic extension of the concept of place / locus (Romanian: loc, Latin: locus, French: lieu/place, Hebrew: makom ‘place/ locus’ — Hamakom ‘the Omnipresent God, the Omnipresent locus’), in conformity with the following three oppositions: (a) place as a physical index vs. human symbol; (b) place with reference to physical persona vs. spiritual persona; (c) place in profane sense vs. sacred sense. In the negative perspective, the absence of corporeality makes relevant a new meaning of the Judaic concept hamakom: Hamakom with the sense of ‘the Omnipresent God, the Omnipresent locus’.

We intend to establish two targets for our research: 1. to follow the process during which the definitional index represents a formative agent of (self) consciousness; and 2. to establish the switching point where hamakom (“the place”) becomes Hamakom ‘the Omnipresent God, the Omnipresent locus’.
Soft logic and numbers
Authors: Klein Moshe , Maimon Oded
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we propose to see the Necker cube phenomenon as a basis for the development of a mathematical language in accordance with Leibniz’s vision of soft logic. By the development of a new coordinate system, we make a distinction between −0 and +0. This distinction enables us to present a new model for nonstandard analysis, and to develop a calculus theory without the need of the concept of limit. We also established a connection between “Recursive Distinctioning” and soft logic, and use it as a basis for a new computational model. This model has a potential to change the current computational paradigm.
Design, synthesis, and taste evaluation of a high-intensity umami-imparting oxazole-based compound
Authors: Amino Yusuke , Tahara Yu-ki , Yamada Kei , Nakazawa Masakazu , Tagami Uno , Tajima Takaho , Kuroda Motonaka
Published: July 2017

Umami taste is imparted predominantly by monosodium glutamate (MSG) and 5′-ribonucleotides. Recently, several different classes of hydrophobic umami-imparting compounds, the structures of which are quite different from MSG, have been reported. To obtain a novel umami-imparting compound, N-cinnamoyl phenethylamine was chosen as the lead compound, and a rational structure-optimization study was conducted on the basis of the pharmacophore model of previously reported compounds. The extremely potent umami-imparting compound 2-[[[2-[(1E)-2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)ethenyl]-4-oxazolyle]methoxy]methyl]pyridine, which exhibits 27,000 times the umami taste of MSG, was found. Its terminal pyridine residue and linear structure are suggested to be responsible for its strong activity. The time taken to reach maximum taste intensity exhibited by it, as determined by the time-intensity method, is 22.0 s, whereas the maximum taste intensity of MSG occurs immediately. This distinct difference in the time-course taste profile may be due to the hydrophobicity and strong receptor affinity of the new compound.
Glypican-6 promotes the growth of developing long bones by stimulating Hedgehog signaling
Authors: Capurro Mariana , Izumikawa Tomomi , Suarez Philippe , Shi Wen , Cydzik Marzena , Kaneiwa Tomoyuki , Gariepy Jean , Bonafe Luisa , Filmus Jorge
Published: July 2017

Autosomal-recessive omodysplasia (OMOD1) is a genetic condition characterized by short stature, shortened limbs, and facial dysmorphism. OMOD1 is caused by loss-of-function mutations of glypican 6 (GPC6). In this study, we show that GPC6-null embryos display most of the abnormalities found in OMOD1 patients and that Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is significantly reduced in the long bones of these embryos. The Hh-stimulatory activity of GPC6 was also observed in cultured cells, where this GPC increased the binding of Hh to Patched 1 (Ptc1). Consistent with this, GPC6 interacts with Hh through its core protein and with Ptc1 through its glycosaminoglycan chains. Hh signaling is triggered at the primary cilium. In the absence of Hh, we observed that GPC6 is localized outside of the cilium but moves into the cilium upon the addition of Hh. We conclude that GPC6 stimulates Hh signaling by binding to Hh and Ptc1 at the cilium and increasing the interaction of the receptor and ligand.
Kaposi’s sarcoma–associated herpesvirus stably clusters its genomes across generations to maintain itself extrachromosomally
Authors: Chiu Ya-Fang , Sugden Arthur U. , Fox Kathryn , Hayes Mitchell , Sugden Bill
Published: July 2017

Genetic elements that replicate extrachromosomally are rare in mammals; however, several human tumor viruses, including the papillomaviruses and the gammaherpesviruses, maintain their plasmid genomes by tethering them to cellular chromosomes. We have uncovered an unprecedented mechanism of viral replication: Kaposi’s sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) stably clusters its genomes across generations to maintain itself extrachromosomally. To identify and characterize this mechanism, we developed two complementary, independent approaches: live-cell imaging and a predictive computational model. The clustering of KSHV requires the viral protein, LANA1, to bind viral genomes to nucleosomes arrayed on both cellular and viral DNA. Clustering affects both viral partitioning and viral genome numbers of KSHV. The clustering of KSHV plasmids provides it with an effective evolutionary strategy to rapidly increase copy numbers of genomes per cell at the expense of the total numbers of cells infected.