bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Selected Quality Parameters of the Swimming Pools Port in Szczecin
Authors: Cyraniak Emil , Daniszewski Piotr , Draszawka-Bołzan Beata
Published: December 2022

To estimate differentiation of water chemistry in reservoirs of swimming pools port in Szczecin, in time of 2004 - 2008. In arbitrary appointed times 5 physical and chemical indicators of water quality were determined to evaluate general status and water condition - temperature, pH, NO3-, PO43-, Ptot.. Port of Szczecin is located on the Oder river and its right shoulder Regalicy. Is located in the western part of the port of Szczecin, in the northern part of the Valley of the lower Oder river on May. The port consists of water bodies which are branches of the Oder river and the channels: Mielenski, Grabowski, Dunczyca Channel Figh, Wroclaw, Parnica, Channel Channel Debicki and Lake Dabie. Trying to test water were collected by PN/C-04632.03 with a depth of about. 0.5 m below the water surface. The temperature at the place of sampling were numbered, pH. Collected water samples were fixed in accordance with the recommendations in the Polish Standard-PN/C-04632.04. Other indicators for the quality of the waters have been tagged within 24 hours from the moment of download attempts. The quality objectives was evaluated according to the criteria recommended to evaluate inland surface waters referred to in regulation of the Minister of the environment of 11 February 2004 on the classification for the present status of surface water and groundwater, how to conduct monitoring and how to interpret the results and presentation of these waters. Due to the exposure of the docks the port Szczecin on the pollution associated with cross-what are the cereals, ores, oil, cellulose, carbon, iron, general research evaluation of the water quality of these pools, you can assess the status of water in order to keep these waters.
Study of the Effect of Air to Fuel Ratio Parameter on the Organophosphorus – Pesticide Analysis by GC-FPD
Authors: Kilany A.Y. , Elsayed Mohamed A. , Abd El Megid M.K. , Fayed M.S.
Published: December 2022

In the present contribution, sensitive and precise method for the quantification of Organophosphorus / Pesticides (Malathion and Dimethoate) in nanograms range has been developed. The performance of flame photometric detector (FPD), a selective detector (P&S-mode) that can be used in the analysis of organophosphorus compound, is evaluated in terms of sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility. The performance of flame photometric detector was strongly depending on the absolute and relative flow rate of air and hydrogen gases. The optimum air-to-fuel ratio for detection of Malathion and Dimethoate was 0.4 and 0.3 (FPD-P mode). At this ratio, low picogram amounts of phosphor can be detected accurately (0.18 pgP) with a wide linear dynamic range of 0.18 pgP to 298 ngP. While, the optimum air-to-fuel ratio, for detection of Malathion and Dimethoate was 0.6 (FPD-S mode). In addition to, the method is precise with 4.5 % relative standard deviation (RSD). In conclusion, it could be proposed that this procedure can be recommended as a suitable method for the quantification of Malathion and Dimethoate in cases of acute poisoning.
Effect of Dissipation Factor on Reflected and Transmitted Powers of a Structure Containing Left-Handed Material Waveguide
Authors: Ubeid Muin F. , Shabat Mohammed M. , Sid-Ahmed Mohammed O.
Published: December 2022

In this paper a waveguide structure consisting of a pair of left-handed material (LHM) and dielectric slabs inserted in vacuum is investigated theoretically. Two cases of the LHM are considered, loss-less case and loss case as well as the frequency dependence of permittivity and permeability of it is taken into account. Maxwell's equations are used to determine the electric and magnetic fields of the incident waves at each layer. Snell's law is applied and the boundary conditions are imposed at each layer interface to calculate the reflected, transmitted and loss powers of the structure. Numerical results are illustrated to show the effect of frequency, angle of incidence and LHM thickness on the mentioned powers when the dissipation factor changes. The obtained results are in agreement with the law of conservation of energy.
With Equalized Mass, its Density of Matter can Affect Radial Gravitational Interactions TOO
Authors: Czajko Jakub
Published: December 2022

It is shown that if all stars and planets were made out of the same material substance, such as water, for example, then their density of matter, which is conventionally defined as the ratio of their actual mass to an equivalent mass of water, must be taken into account also in the usual radial Newtonian law of gravitation. The idea of equalized mass supports the concept of quantity of matter involving density of matter as well as the bulk/mass that Newton envisaged. It has been proved necessary to explain formerly unexplained experimental results, including discrepancies between predictions based on general theory of relativity (GTR) and actually recorded data. The equalized mass is not meant to turn us back and embrace post-Newtonian theories of gravitation, but to complement the (radial-only by design) GTR for the phenomena that are only partly radial and partly nonradial. A certain new pull-and-twist equation of orbital gravitational interactions is proposed.
The Chemistry and Synthesis of 1H-indole-2,3-dione (Isatin) and its Derivatives
Authors: Sonawane Ratnamala P. , Tripathi Rahul R.
Published: December 2022

Isatins are synthetically versatile substrates, where they can be used for the synthesis of a large variety of heterocyclic compounds. In this, a convenient method has been developed for the conversion of Indoles into Isatins and some heterocyclic derivative were synthesised such as 5- nitro-1H-indole-2,3-dione, 2-methylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid which may be used as raw material for drug synthesis. The general process utilizes the effective method for synthesis of Isatin from Indole is bromination and oxidation with an N-bromosuccinimide-dimethyl sulfoxide reagent. The nitration of Isatin at C-5 takes place by using KNO3, conc. H2SO4, 2-methylquinoline-4-caboxylic acid are usually obtained from pfitzinger reaction.
Modeling of Planar Plasma Diode
Authors: Wijewardena Gamalath K A I L , Samarakoon A.M.
Published: December 2022

To investigate the dynamics of a planar plasma diode system (PDS), a model based on the current density equilibrium at the interface was developed. The current densities and plasma boundary variations with the potential fields were obtained by simulating a single square pulse. The variation of an observed overshoot current density with the applied voltage is presented. Planar plasma diode system was also simulated for periodic, sine, square, triangular and saw tooth voltage patterns by varying the amplitude and frequencies. A method to find the lower bound of the electron density of plasma for a specified PDS is presented. Particle-In-Cell simulation technique was used to investigate the plasma particles and electric field distributions over the anode cathode gap for different intensities of external electric fields. The system became stable after few time steps and this time depends upon the intensity and polarization of the external field.
Novel Approach to Direct Adaptive Fuzzy Control Applied to the Asynchronous Machine
Authors: Fodil M. , Barkat S. , Boukhetala B.D.
Published: December 2022

This paper presents an advanced direct adaptive fuzzy control for asynchronous machine which uses the theory of approximation and the theory of Lyapunov to establish a parametric adaptation law ensuring the stability and boundedness of all the control signals and the tracking error. In the direct approach, the fuzzy system is used to describe directly the control law and the parameters of the fuzzy system are directly adjusted to achieve the control objectives. Through the obtained results, stable direct adaptive fuzzy control generalized has proved a great effectiveness and a strong robustness in the presence of parameter variations and disturbances.
Thiazolidinones: An Ultrasonic Study in DMF Solutions
Authors: Baluja Shipra
Published: December 2022

Some new thiazolidinone derivatives are synthesized and their \acoustical properties are studied in dimethylformamide at 298.15 K. The evaluated properties are interpreted in terms of molecular interactions occurring in solutions. It is observed that in DMF, for all the derivatives, solute-solvent interactions dominate
The Development of Solar Astronomy in Malaysia
Authors: Hamidi Zety Sharizat , Shariff N.N.M. , Monstein C.
Published: December 2022

Monitoring the Sun reveals a variety of fascinating and complex physical phenomena which are being studied mainly by analyzing its emission. Solar activity has an impact with space weather. The characteristic features of the climate of Malaysia are uniform temperature, very high humidity and copious rainfall. It has an average of temperature of 26.7 °C. Therefore, it is suitable to monitor the Sun. In following work, we will emphasize the development of solar astronomy in Malaysia. The ground based observation (i) optical and (ii) radio are the main region that we focused on. Optical observation has started earlier comparing with radio observation. In optical region it covers from 400 – 700 nm while in radio region, we focus from 45 MHz to 870 MHz. The number of observatories is increasing. A dedicated work to understand the Sun activity in radio region is a part of an initiative of the United Nations together with NASA in order to support developing countries participating in „Western Science‟ research. Realize how important for us to keep doing a research about the solar bursts, by using the new radio spectrometer, CALLISTO (Compound Low Cost Low Frequency Transportable Observatories) spectrometer. Malaysia is one of the earliest country from South-East Asia (ASEAN) that involve this research. One of the advantages to start the solar monitoring in Malaysia is because our strategic location as equator country that makes possible to observing a Sun for 12 hours daily throughout a year. We strongly believe that Malaysia as one of contributor of solar activity data through E-CALLISTO network. This is a very good start for developing a radio astronomy in Malaysia. With the implementation of 45 MHz - 870 MHz CALLISTO systems and development of solar burst monitoring network, a new wavelength regime is becoming available for solar radio astronomy. Overall, this article presents an overview of optical and radio astronomy in Malaysia. With the present level of the international collaboration, it is believed that the potential involvement of local and international scientist in solar astrophysics will increase.
A Study on Water Quality Assesment and its Treatment over CNLS Resin
Authors: Muthukumar S. , Manivannan P. , Kalyanasundharam S. , Santhanalakshmi K. , Jacquline Rosy P.
Published: December 2022

A study on water quality assessment and its treatment over CNSL resin has been planned. Water samples from various sources like bore well, ground water, municipal water, stagnated water and rain water were collected from seven locations in and around Marudhur of Villupuram. These seven samples were analyzed for various parameters such as TDS, pH, total hardness, Calcium hardness, Magnesium hardness, Iron, nitrate, chloride, sulphate and alkalinity in a well-equipped laboratory as per standard methods. After analyzing the seven samples the results revealed the nature of samples. i.e., whether they are scale forming or corrosive or neutral water which was found using Langlier and Rayznar indexes. Even the probable combination method was employed to check the correctness of determination of various parameters and found to be correct. Out of seven samples four samples (sample 1, 2, 3 and 5) where found to have more hardness they were taken for analysis with CNSL resin. The CNSL resin was prepared in the laboratory and the samples agitated with the CNSL resin. Analysed the samples and found the hardness were reduced. The results show that the percentage of removal of cation increases when adsorbent dose increases.
Synthesis, Spectral and Computational Studies of some 2-(2-(3-Methyl-2,4-Diphenyl-3-Azabicyclo[3.3.1]Nonan-9-Ylidene)Hydrazinyl)Benzo[d]Thiazole Derivatives
Authors: Sundararajan G. , Rajaraman D. , Bharanidharan S. , Krishnasamy K.
Published: December 2022

A series of some 2-(2-(3-methyl-2,4-diphenyl-3-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-ylidene) hydrazinyl) benzo [d] thiazole derivatives 11-14 have been synthesized using acetic acid as the catalyst. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H 13C NMR and HSQC spectral analysis. The molecular modelling was carried out for compound 11 by Gaussian 03W package and its HOMO–LUMO, Mulliken atomic charges, Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), Hyperpolarizability, Thermodynamic propeties and Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis were discussed
Operational Restrictions on Morphing of Quasi-Geometric 4D Physical Spaces
Authors: Czajko Jakub
Published: December 2022

Since a hierarchical notion of dimension is needed to ensure that a virtual, indirect orthogonality of dimensions is maintained in higher-dimensional spatial structures, a generic function for furling and unfurling of the fourth dimension in four-dimensional (4D) spatial structures is proposed. The furling allows three extra dimensions (above the regular three) in a 6D algebraic structure to be represented as a single fourth dimension and thus effectively facilitates morphing of the 4D spacetime into its dual 4D timespace. The effect of the furling of the extra three dimensions resembles that of compactification proposed by Kaluza-Klein theory yet without curling of the furled dimension. The furling supports reexpansion of stringy space into yet another dimension and so enables mapping of radius R (of a closed string being squeezed beyond its minimal radius) into an inverse radius 1/R, which was attributed to string duality, but is shown as due to duality of the 4D spatial structures of spacetime and timespace. Mathematically, it may appear as if further squeezing of the minimal string morphs it into an expanding pointletlike energy bubble so that the stringy spacetime reexpands in a new direction/dimension located within the bubbly dual timespace. So vibrating string is a mirror image of an energy bubblet, both of which do represent the same stringlet. By analogy, particle cast in spacetime could appear mathematically as having a mirror image (or its superpartner) cast in the dual timespace.
Oxidation of α,β-Unsaturated Alcohols by Quinaldinium Fluorochromate
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Guna Sekar , Periyasamy Seplapatty Kalimuthu
Published: December 2022

The kinetics of oxidation of α,β-unsaturated alcohols (allyl alcohol, Crotyl alcohol, Cinnamyl alcohol) by quinaldinium fluorochromate has been studied in aqueous acid medium at 313 K. α,β-unsaturated alcohols were converted to the corresponding acrolein, crotonaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde. The reaction is first order each in oxidant, substrate and H+. The decrease in dielectric constant of the medium increases the rate of the reaction. Increase in ionic strength by the addition of sodium perchlorate has no effect on the rate constant. There is no polymerization with acrylonitrile. The reaction has been conducted at four different temperatures and activation parameters were calculated. From the observed kinetic results a suitable mechanism consistent with rate law has been proposed. The relative reactivity order was found to be Cinnamyl alcohol > Crotyl alcohol > Allyl alcohol.
Ultrasonic Assisted Synthesis, Acoustical Property and Antibacterial Activity of some Schiff Bases
Authors: Premalatha R. , Santhi N.
Published: December 2022

An efficient, simple clean synthesis of Schiff bases of some 4-nitroaniline/ 2,4-dinitroaniline/ 3,4-dichloroaniline / 4-methoxy-3-nitro aniline with 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde were done by an ultrasound irradiation method. The major advantages of ultra-sonication are short reaction time, operational simplicity, high yield, easy workup and environment friendly procedure. The isolated compounds obtained by ultrasound irradiation method were characterized by UV, IR and NMR spectral data. These acoustical parameters were determined. Furthermore their antibacterial activities are screened against certain strains of bacteria and showed significant anti-microbial activity.
Performance and Economic Analysis of Gas Turbine Subsystems for Power Generation in the Niger Delta
Authors: Adumene Sidum , Le-ol Anthony Kpegele , Lebele-Alawa Barinaadaa Thaddeus
Published: December 2022

In this research work, performance and economic analysis of three units’ gas turbine plants in the Niger Delta, Nigeria has been carried out for the period of 18 months. The aim of this study is to assess the energy, exergy and economic behavior of the plants subsystems. The methodology involved the splitting of the system into control volumes to show the inflow and outflow of energy and exergy at different operating conditions. A parametric study was also conducted to evaluate the influence of key decision variable like load on the plants subsystem performance. The analysis was done in MATLAB 7.3 ® environment and the results reveals that between the 40%-86% loading of the plant, the energy loss was optimum due to outages and exhaust gas energy waste, with revenue worth of $14,611,642 cumulatively, while the irreversibility in the exhaust gas progressively increase as the load increases with an exergy destruction cost rate of $234.98 per hour per unit. The combustor show maximum exergy loss at 44% load with an exergy destruction cost rate of $127.87 per hour per unit, while the power turbine highest exergy destruction cost rate occurred at 73% load. These key performance indicators provided relevant information on the technical state of the plant for decision making.
Extraction, Physico-Chemical Characterization and Antimicrobial Screening of the Muscle Lipid of Cuttle Fish (Sepia esculenta) of the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Al-Amin Mohammad , Uddin M.H. , Afrin A. , Nath K.B. , Barua S.
Published: December 2022

Lipid was extracted from the muscle of Cuttle fish by solvent extraction method and then purified by suitable conventional method. Various physical constants e.g. refractive index, viscosity, specific gravity, crude fat, crude fibre and ash contents and chemical parameters e.g. saponification value, saponification equivalent value, acid value, iodine value, acetyl value, peroxide value, thiocyanogen value, Reichert-Meissl value, Polenske value, Henher value, cholesterol content etc. of the lipid sample have been determined and compared with those of different standard oils. Fatty acids composition of the sample was investigated by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. The muscle lipid of Cuttle fish was found to contain palmitic acid, stearic acid, linolenic acid and erucic acid respectively with some other unknown fatty acids. Antimicrobial activities of the lipid were tested by standard method and found moderate to potential antibiotic and antifungal property in this lipid. The lipid containing muscle of Cuttle fish was analyzed quantitatively for the determination of percentages of protein and minerals (N, P, K, Ca) contents by modified Kjeldahl method
Defluoridation of Drinkable Water “Comparative Study and Parameter Influent”
Authors: Atia Djamel , Hoggui Abdelghani , Abdelhafidh Bebba Ahmed
Published: December 2022

El-Oued is known for some diseases caused by fluoride concentration in drinkable water. To reduce it, a sample with the biggest content among many sources was chosen. A comparative study between the precipitation with calcium salts [Ca(OH)2, CaCl2, CaSO4] and the coagulation with the following salts [Al2(SO4)2·18H2O, Fe2(SO4)2·H2O, FeSO4] was done. Finely we studied the parameters influencing (the mass, pH, temperature) to choose the best conditions in order to get better reduction yield.
Application of Nondestructive Radio Tracer Technique in Performance Evaluation of Anion Exchange Resins Duolite ARA-9366 and Duolite A-171
Authors: Singare P.U.
Published: December 2022

Radio analytical technique as a non-destructive technique was used in the present investigation to trace the kinetics of ion-isotopic exchange reaction taking place in Duolite ARA-9366 (nuclear grade) and Duolite A-171 (non-nuclear grade) anion exchange resins. The kinetics data suggest that during iodide ion-isotopic exchange reactions under identical experimental conditions of 40.00C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.003 M labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were 0.176, 0.383, 0.067 and 7.8 respectively for Duolite ARA-9366 resin, which was higher than 0.142, 0.353, 0.050 and 7.0 respectively as that obtained for Duolite A-171 resins. Also it is observed that at a constant temperature of 40.0 °C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases 0.001 M to 0.004 M, the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 49.20% to 51.80% for Duolite ARA-9366 resins; and from 45.20% to 47.80% for Duolite A-171 resins. The similar trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions. The overall results indicate superior performance of Duolite ARA-9366 resins over Duolite A-171 resins under identical operational parameters.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Inhibitive Behaviour of Millet Starch on the Corrosion of Aluminium in Sulphuric Acid Environment
Authors: Nwanonenyi Simeon C. , Madufor Innocent C. , Chukwujike Iheoma C. , Arinze Vicent C.
Published: December 2022

The corrosion inhibition of aluminium in 2 M H2SO4 by millet starch was investigated using gravimetric technique at 35-65OC and theoretical quantum chemical computations. The results indicate that millet starch functioned as a good inhibitor for acid induced corrosion of aluminium. It was found that increase in inhibition efficiency of the inhibitor was concentration dependent and also addition of potassium iodide increased inhibitive performance of the inhibitor synergistically. Furthermore, the mode of adsorption process of the inhibitor was best modeled using Langmuir adsorption isotherm at all inhibitor concentrations and temperatures studied. The trend of inhibition efficiency with temperature, calculated values of free energy, activation energy and enthalpy of adsorption was used to propose the inhibition mechanism. Theoretical chemical quantum computations were carried out using density functional theory to underscore the relationship existing between the inhibitive performance of millet starch and electronic properties of millet starch. Finally, Molecular dynamic simulations were performed using Forcite quench molecular dynamics to model lowest energy adsorption configurations of the starch molecule on Al surface and to determine the binding energy of adsorption
Synthesis of Conjugated Polymer Film by Electrolytic Polymerisation in Lyotropic Liquid Crystal
Authors: Eguchi Naoto , Goto Hiromasa
Published: December 2022

We prepared lyotropic liquid crystal by using disodium cromogrycate that shows liquid crystal by dissolving in water. Next, we added monomer to the prepared solution, and electrolyic polymerisation was carried out. Finally, we obtained a conductive thin polymer film. This result shows that lyotrpic liquid crystal can be used for matrix.
Synthesis, Spectral Studies, Pharmacological and Insect Antifeedant Activities of some (E)-1-(2-(2-Benzyloxy-3-Methacrylate))-1-Naphthyl Enones
Authors: Thirunarayanan G. , Dineshkumar S. , Arulkumaran R. , Sundararajan R. , Kamalakkannan D. , Suresh R. , Sakthinathan S.P. , Manikandan V. , Vanangamudi Ganesan
Published: December 2022

Totally twelve title compounds have been synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation of (E)-methyl 2-(2-(((1-acetylnaphthalen-2-yl) oxy) methyl) phenyl)-3-methoxy acrylate and substituted benzaldehydes in presence of catalytic quantity of LiOH.H2O catalyst under stirring in room temperature. The yields of the compounds are more than 92%. The synthesized titled compounds were characterized by their physical constants, IR, NMR and Mass spectral data. The spectral data such as infrared ν COs-cis, s-trans, COester, NMR chemical shifts (δ, ppm) of Hα, Hβ, Cα, Cβ, CO of enone moiety, Hβʹ and CO of acrylate moieties have been correlated with Hammett substituent constants, F and R parameters. The antimicrobial, antioxidant and insect antifeedant activities of all synthesized compounds have been evaluated using corresponding bacterial and fungal strains, DPPH radical scavenging and Disc diffusion bio-assay of 4th instar larvae Achoea Janata L with castor-leaf discs.
Occurrences Rate of Type II and III Solar Radio Bursts at Low Frequency Radio Region 45-870 Mhz
Authors: Hamidi Zety Sharizat , Shariff N.N.M. , Monstein C.
Published: December 2022

Observations of type II and III solar bursts indicated that white type III bursts mane appear at any altitude, from the vary lov corona into interplanetary space, type II solar bursts do not act the same way. This work focuses on recent observations in the radio region on the low frequency region from 45 MHz to 870 MHz. Our analysis employed the accuracy of the daily solar burst measurements of e-CALLISTRO network. It was found solar burst type II exploded uite minimum with 1-2 events from 2006 − 2010. However, the data 2011 for solar burst type II increased drastically with 16 events has been recordered. The occurencess of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) events are also increasing up to four times in 2011. Most of both events can be observed in the range of 150 MHz till 500 MHz. Overcall, we can say that the range of photon energy for solar burst type III is between 7.737 x 10-7 eV to 1.596 x 10-6 eV. In the case of solar burst type II, the distribution of energy is much smaller with 1.596 x 10-6 eV to 6.906 x 10-6 eV. Detailed investigatoin of solar burst will be cocern the 2011 data seem to a significant tend for both types. We showed that the increasing of both solar burst events via years implies directing an increasing of solar activities including sunspot number, solar fare and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) events. It is expected that both types will increase gradually in the beginning of 2014.
A Review and Technology Analysis of Rolling Channel Sections in Rolling Mills in the CIS
Authors: Yershov Serhiy , Mel’nik Serhiy , Kravchenko Еkaterina
Published: December 2022

Requirements for the quality of finished products is continuously increasing. It adducts to improve existing and develop of new schemes roll design. This paper contains the analysis of technological schemes for rolling channels, which are used in the CIS countries. Were described different ways of rolling channels and design features roughing and finishing passes. The authors were compared schemes of UPN-shaped profiles’ rolling on different Iron and Steel Works. The article describes methods for improving the roll design, proposed and implemented by domestic developers. These methods are based on the gained experiences of flange profiles’ rolling and developments of the modern world. It makes possible to reduce manufacturing costs and improve product quality of the channels.
Structural and Optical Properties of Fe2O3-NiO Mixed Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Mohmmed Noora J. , Habubi Nadir F.
Published: December 2022

Mixed Fe2O3 - NiO thin films have been prepared by chemical Spray pyrolysis technique onto glass substrate preheated to 450 °C. The thickness of thin films was found to be (400 ±20) nm. XRD measurements reveal that all the film exhibit polycrystalline hexagonal wrutzite with a preferred orientation along (104) plane for pure and 10 % and 20 % Ni, while for the rest the structure was amorphous. AFM analysis indicate a nanostructure for all the films. The optical energy gap was found to be increased from optical transitions seems to be direct and the optical energy gap seems to be increased from 2.5 to 2.69 eV as the percentage of NiO increase.
IR & NMR Spectral Studies of some 7-Substituted 9H-Fluorenacyl Bromides: Assessment of Substituent Effects
Authors: Thirunarayanan Ganesamoorthy
Published: December 2022

A series of some 2-bromo-1-(2-substituted 9H-fluorene-7-yl)ethanones have been prepared. The purities of these ethanones have been checked by their physical constants and spectroscopic data. The spectral group frequencies of these enones have been assigned and correlated with Hammett substituent constants, F and R parameters. From the results of statistical analyses, the effects of substituent have been discussed.
Chemical Constituents and Insecticidal Activity of Senna italica Mill. from the Sudan
Authors: Yagi Sakina , El Tigani Sayadat , Ali Mayada , Elkhidir Ibrahim , Mohammed Abdelhafeez M.A.
Published: December 2022

The chemical constituents and insecticidal activity of the pods of Senna italica (Caesalpiniaceae, Fabaceae) were investigated. From the chloroform extract of pods, physcion, chrysophanol, chrysophanol-10,10′-bianthrone, chrysophanol-physcion bianthrone and chrysophanol-isophyscion bianthrone, were isolated and characterized using different spectral methods. The GC-MS of the n-hexane extract revealed that the major chemical constituents of the oil were 2,6,-di-sec-butylphenol (36.69 %), di-n-octylphthalate (12.06 %), eicosane (5.46 %), tetratriacontane (4.87 %) and 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(1,1-dimethyl)-4-methylphenol (4.18 %). The n-hexane extract showed potent insecticidal activity (100 %) against Callosbruchus analis F. This study suggests that S. italica pods cannot be a source of sennosides but for other bioactive compounds.
Assessment of Radiological Dose around a 3-MW TRIGA Mark-II Research Reactor
Authors: Rahman A.F.M.M. , Shamsuzzaman M. , Rahman M.S. , Uddin K. , Yeasmin S. , Nazmul Haque H.M. , Akramuzzaman M.M. , Chakraborty Shyamal Ranjan
Published: December 2022

A hypothetical accidental case of a 3-MW TRIGA Mark-II research reactor has been assumed to assess the radiological consequences due to the deposition of 137Cs and 90Sr on ground, vegetation, milk and meat. The air concentrations in sixteen cardinal directions have been estimated where the maximum concentration has been found to be at 110 m distance from the core of the reactor for all the directions. Calculated maximum doses of 137Cs, 90Sr and both 137Cs and 90Sr have been found to be within the ranges of 0.005-0.014 μSv hr–1, 0.013-0.036 μSv hr–1 and 0.018-0.05 μSv hr–1, respectively for all the directions, which are below the measured background dose limit 0.25 μSv hr–1 and also within the IAEA acceptable dose rate limit of 0.5 μSv hr–1. The calculated low doses due to the aforementioned radionuclides can be considered negligible with regard to the radiation hazards. The relationship between total effective dose rate for various pathways (i.e. immersion, inhalation, ground deposition, and ingestion of contaminated vegetation, milk, meat) and air concentration in all the directions has been established. Obtained relation reveals that the total effective dose rate is directly proportional to the air concentration, and the overall proportionality constants for 137Cs and 90Sr radionuclides have been obtained as 0.57 and 0.28, respectively. This study might provide information on the radiological safety required for the radiation protection purposes of the people living in the vicinity of the reactor site.
Effects of Nanoparticle Enhanced Lubricant Films in Dynamic Properties of Plain Journal Bearings at High Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Jamalabadi Mohammad Yaghoub Abdollahzadeh
Published: December 2022

The aim of this paper is numerical analysis of plain journal bearing with nanoparticle added lubricating oil. The fluid film bearing is studied with the modified Reynolds equation which considered time dependent inertia effects at rotating speeds with the linearized turbulence. The research is performed for numerous nanofluids include nanoparticles of CuO, TiO2, Ag and Cu and SAE 20W50 as a base fluid. The time transient governing equations include the incompressible mass conservation equation, Navier-Stokes momentum equations for thin film lubrication, and full kinematic including shaft accelerations are solved numerically. Two cases of long and short bearings are studied with Sommerfeld and Gumbel boundary conditions. Linearized force coefficients such as mass, stiffness and damping factors are obtained for an ordinary journal bearing. The ordinary plain journal bearing velocity response and the rotor displacements when sudden forces applied by rigid rotor symmetrically is achieved. The results prove that using the nanoparticle enhanced lubricant causes higher mass coefficients, damping ratios and fluid effective stiffness.
Groundwater Quality Investigation in Udayarpalayam Taluk, Ariyalur District, Tamilnadu, India
Authors: Sekar K.G. , Suriyakala K.
Published: December 2022

Ariyalur is one of the districts in Tamilnadu it is rich in limestone resource. A study on geochemical characterization of ground water and its suitability for drinking purposes was carried out. Twenty five groundwater samples were collected from bore wells and open wells during Pre monsoon seasons of 2014. Groundwater is the main principle source for drinking, irrigation water and other activities in our study area. It is an indispensable source of our life. The problem of groundwater quality obtains high importance in this present-day, whether in the study area or any other countries in the world. The present study was carried out to analyse and evaluate the groundwater samples collected from residential areas of Udayarpalyam Taluk. The analyzed physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, sulphate, phosphates, chloride, nitrate, and fluoride are used to characterize the groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking uses. Calcium, sodium, chloride and sulphate are the dominant ions in the groundwater chemistry. The Groundwater is not suitable for drinking purposes at several locations in this area. Each parameter was compared with its standard permissible limit as prescribed by WHO/BIS. The analytical results indicated that the ground water quality was found unsatisfactory for drinking purpose in some location.
An Efficient Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of some New Pyrazoline, Pyrimidine and Benzodiazepine Derivatives Bearing 1,3,5-Triazine Core
Authors: Solankee Anjani , Tailor Riki
Published: December 2022

In our present investigation a new class of diverse sets of acetyl pyrazolines (6a-e), amino pyrimidines (7a-e) and 1,5-benzodiazepines (8a-e) bearing 1,3,5-triazine core were synthesised from chalcones (5a-e). Treatment of chalcone with hydrazine hydrate, guanidine hydrochloride and o-phenylenediamine afforded the corresponding acetyl pyrazoline, amino pyrimidine and 1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives respectively. The structures of all the newly synthesised compounds were assigned on the basis of FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectral data as well as elemental analysis. In vitro antimicrobial proficiency of the title compounds were assessed against selected pathogens S. aureus MTCC 96, S. pyogeneus MTCC 442, E. coli MTCC 443 and P. aeruginosa MTCC 1688 bacteria for antibacterial activities as well as antifungal activities against C. albicans MTCC 227, A. niger MTCC 282 and A. clavatus MTCC 1323 were used. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by broth dilution method and recorded at the lowest concentration inhibiting growth of the organism. Among the synthesised compounds 6b, 6c, 7b, 8b, 8d and 8e exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity and said to be the most proficient members of the series.
Statistical Study of Nine Months Distribution of Solar Flares
Authors: Hamidi Zety Sharizat , Shariff N.N.M. , Monstein C.
Published: December 2022

Solar flare is one of the solar activities that take place in the outermost layer of the corona. Solar flares can heat the material to several million degrees in just a few minutes and at the same time they release the numerous amount of energy. It is believed that a change of magnetic field lines potentially creates the solar flares. The objectives of the study are to identify and compare the types of solar flares (in X-Ray) region and to improve understanding of solar flares. Data are taken from the NOAA website, from the United States Department of Commerce, NOAA, Space Weather Prediction Center (SPWC). Solar radio flux readings were merged together with the three classes and a total of nine graphs were plotted. In illustrating the relationship of solar radio flux and solar flares, it can be explained by studying the range values of flux corresponding to flares values. From this case study, it was found that the minimum value of solar radio flux in order for the flares to occur is equivalent 68 x 10-22Wm-2Hz-1. Thus, whenever the values of solar radio flux are high, there should be a higher number of flares produced by the sun. The overall range of solar radio flux recorded in this study ranging from 68 x 10-22 Wm-2Hz-1 to 96 x 10-22 Wm-2Hz-1. Observing and collecting data from the Sun and develop our very own new prediction methods will leads the accuracy of the prediction of the behavior of the Sun more precisely.
Pollution due to Textile Industries along Dombivali Industrial Belt of Mumbai, India
Authors: Singare P.U. , Dhabarde S.S.
Published: December 2022

The paper deals with monitoring of pollution arising due to textile based industries located along the Dombivali industrial belt of Mumbai, India. The study was carried for the period of one year from June, 2012 to May, 2013 to study the level of toxic heavy metals and the physico-chemical properties of waste water effluents discharged from the above industries. The concentration level of majority of toxic heavy metals like Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were reported to be maximum of 45.58, 2.00, 2.06 and 9.20 ppm respectively in the month of April, while Cr and Fe concentration levels were found to be 2.50 and 55.30 ppm in the month of March. The effluent samples collected in the month of July was reported to show high BOD content of 564 ppm, while COD content was maximum of 2436 ppm in the month of October. The effluent samples collected in the month of January was having very low DO content of 3.21 ppm and high cyanide content of 0.09 ppm. The alkalinity, hardness and chloride content were maximum of 2158, 198 and 2765 ppm respectively in the effluent samples collected in the month of February. The effluents were having high total solid content of 8269 ppm during the month of April, while the salinity and phosphate contents were reported high of 5.64 and 125.70 ppm during the month of May. It was observed that the concentration level of majority of toxic heavy metals and the values of various physico-chemical parameters were above the tolerable limit set for inland surface water. The present experimental data on environmental risk assessment studies due to textile industries may be regarded as an aid towards a better understanding of the problem arising due to such industries. There is a need to convey the message that prevention of adverse health effects and promotion of health are profitable investments for employers and employees as a support to a sustainable development of economics.
Excess Parameter Studies on Tetrahydropyran with 1-Hexanol at T = 298.15 to 318.15 K Using Anton Paar
Authors: Anil Kumar K. , Srinivasu Ch.
Published: December 2022

Sound velocity, densities of binary mixture of Tetrahydropyran (THP) with 1-hexanol has been measured over the entire range of composition at T = 298.15 to 318.15 K. The excess parameters viz., excess sound velocity, deviations in isentropic compressibility, excess molar volume, excess free length and excess acoustic impedance are deduced from experimental values and discussed intermolecular interactions present in the mixture. At the end all the parameters have been fitted to Redlich-Kister equation and their coefficients are obtained.
Simple and Efficient Three Component One-Pot Synthesis of Pyrazolo[1,5,a]Pyrimidines
Authors: Morabia Anil R. , Naliapara Yogesh T.
Published: December 2022

A series of novel 5-(2-bromophenyl)-N-cyclohexyl-2-(methylthio)-6-nitro-7-phenyl-4,7-dihydropyrazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidine-3-carboxamides were synthesized by a one-pot reaction of 5-amino-N-cyclohexyl-3-(methylthio)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 1-(2-bromophenyl)-2-nitroethanone and aryl aldehydes in the presence of boric acid in water at refluxing temperature. Structures of compounds were demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. The advantages of this method are mild reaction condition, good yields, and operational simplicity.
Study of Toxic Heavy Metals in Mahim Creek of Mumbai
Authors: Singare P.U. , Ferns S.E.L.
Published: December 2022

The present study was performed for the period of one year from June 2012 to May 2013 in order to understand the level of toxic heavy metals in the water of Mahim Creek near Mumbai. It was observed that the annual average concentration of heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Zn, Cu and Ni and Hg was found to be 0.68, 0.28, 0.15, 0.04, 2.93, 0.64, 1.29 and 0.31 ppm respectively. The average concentrations of Hg and Pb were found to be above the maximum permissible limit of 0.01 ppm and 0.1 ppm respectively set for inland surface water by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India. The results suggest that there is a need to have such regular scientific monitoring for longer time period in order to understand the variation in level of these toxic heavy metals discharged in to the creek water. It is feared that the existing problem if ignored may increase the pollution problem of the creek due to the toxic heavy metals resulting in threat to the biological life of an aquatic ecosystem. From the results of the present investigation it seems that the time has come to move towards ecosystem specific discharge standards to maintain the health and productivity of natural resources on which the majority of human population is dependent.
Combined Spectral Resonances of Signaling Proteins’ Amino Acids in the ERK-MAP Pathway Reflect Unique Patterns that Predict Peak Photon Emissions and Universal Energies
Authors: Persinger Michael A. , Murugan Nirosha J. , Karbowski Lukasz M.
Published: December 2022

The duality of matter-energy as particle-waves was applied to the classic ERK-MAP signaling pathways between the plasma cell membrane and the nucleus and was tested with Cosic’s Resonance Recognition Method. Spectral analyses of sequences of pseudopotentials that reflect de-localized electrons of amino acids for the 11 proteins in the pathway were computed. The spectral power density of the terminal protein (cFOS) was shown to be the average of the profiles of the precursor proteins. The results demonstrated that in addition to minute successive alterations in molecular structure wave-functions and resonant patterns can also describe complex molecular signaling pathways in cells. Different pathways may be defined by a single resonance profile. The separations between the peaks of wavelengths from Cosic’s predictions for photon emissions in the visible spectrum that define the ERK-MAP pathway were within the range of 10-20 J. This quantity has been shown to be a fundamental unit of energy within the universe. The involvement of photon patterns indicates that non-local effects could accompany the serial causality (locality) assumed to connect molecular pathways.
Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals from Paper Mill Effluent Soil Using Croton sparsiflorus
Authors: Ashok Kumar B. , Jothiramalingam S. , Thiyagarajan S.K. , Hidhayathullakhan T. , Nalini R.
Published: December 2022

Effluents from industries contain appreciable amount of metallic cations like zinc, copper, iron, manganese, lead and cadmium. Release of heavy metal without proper treatment poses a significant threat to public health because of its persistence biomagnifications and accumulation in food chain. To reduce metal pollution problems many processes have been developed for the treatment and disposal of metal containing wastes. Certain plants have the ability to accumulate heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Cd and Zn. At present, phytoremediation of metals may be approaching commercialization. Hence, possibility can be explored to remove heavy metal load, present even in low concentration, in waste water of paper mill effluent soil by using Croton sparsiflorus.
Study of Anticonvulsant Clobazam Drug by Sophisticated Instrumentation
Authors: Bhogayta Jay , Khatri Taslimahemad , Ram Vijay , Dave Pragnesh
Published: December 2022

Clobazam (7-Chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H)-dione) an anticonvulsant drug used since 1984, with molecular formula C16H13ClN2O2 and molecular mass 300, was characterized with sophisticated instruments like FTIR, UV-NIR, GC-MS, TGA-DTA-DSC and Nano particle size analyzer with zeta potential. The compound was confirmed with the help of GC-MS and the mass of sample was found aggregate with the standard values and mass spectra compare with NIST and WELEY library data. The UV-NIR analysis showed that the λmax was 231 nm with methanol as a diluent. FTIR analysis of the Clobazam gave the characteristics peaks of cyclic amide. HPTLC was used to determine the purity of the drug. Thermal behavior was studied with TGA-DTA-DSC analysis. The particle size of clobazam was measured with the Nano particle size analyzer and Zeta potential of drud found -77.0 mV. The purity of drug check with Preparative HPLC system.
Hammett Spectral Correlations in some Aryl 1,3-Oxazine-4-Thione Derivatives
Authors: Thirunarayanan Ganesamoorthy , Sekar K.G.
Published: December 2022

A series of some aryl 1,3-oxazine-4-thione derivatives have been synthesized by 1-methyl imidazole catalyzed three component one pot synthetic method in room temperature. The purities of these thiones were studied by their physical constants and spectroscopic data. The infrared and 13C NMR spectral data of CN and CS were correlated with Hammett substituent constants, F and R parameters using single and multi-linear regression analysis. From the results of statistical analysis, the effect of substituent on the spectral data was studied
Studies on Toxic Heavy Metals in Sediment Ecosystem of Mahim Creek near Mumbai, India
Authors: Singare P.U. , Ferns S.E.L. , Agharia E.R.
Published: December 2022

The present study was performed for the period of one year from June 2012 to May 2013 in order to understand the level of toxic heavy metals in the sediments of Mahim Creek near Mumbai. The annual average concentration of heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni and Hg was found to be 9.88, 2.33, 1.41, 33.31, 22.07, 32.21 and 32.06 ppm respectively. It is feared that this heavy metals accumulated in the creek sediments might affect the benthic macro invertebrates whose metabolic activities contribute to aquatic productivity. The results of present study indicates that the existing situation if mishandled can cause toxic effect on sediment dwelling organisms and fish, resulting in decrease survival, reduced growth, or impaired reproduction and lowered species diversity.
One Pot Multi Component Synthetic Approach towards the Formation of 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5 a]Pyrimidine Analogues and their Biological Evaluation
Authors: Khunt Hasmukh R. , Pipaliya Piyush P. , Ghelani Satish M. , Babariya Jayesh S. , Naliapara Yogesh T.
Published: December 2022

A library of functionalised 1,2,3-triazolo[1,5-a]pryrimidine derivatives has been synthesized by one pot multicomponenet reaction. All synthesized novel compounds were characterised by 1H NMR, IR, mass and elemental analysis. Compounds were also screened against bacterial and fungle strain.