bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Der Zaun als Zeichen und Symbol.
Authors: Kotthaus Jochem
Published: July 2020

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die dynamische Beziehung zwischen dem Wissen über Institution als regelhafter Handlungstypisierung und dem Handelnden, der dieses Wissen praktisch verwirklicht, am Beispiel des Zauns näher untersucht. Institutionen werden in Bezug auf ihrenAufforderungscharakterstärker an Webers Herrschaftstheorie angeschlossen, um somit die Handlungserwartungen („Befehl“), deren Entsprechung („Disziplin“) und die diese inbezugsetzenden Geltungsmechanismen erfassen zu können. Hierbei wird der Zaun als zeichenhafte Veräußerung des Willens des Aufstellers, als symbolische Legitimation sowie als raumkonstituierendes Element erörtert.
Autonomisierung durch Nichtwissen:
Authors: Osrecki Fran
Published: July 2020

Der Beitrag umreißt eine bislang wenig diskutierte Perspektive auf Laien- bzw. Publikumsrollen in der modernen Gesellschaft. Anders als in gegenwärtigen Debatten um eine strukturelle Aufwertung von Publikumsrollen durch Informiertheit und aktives Engagement, wird hier argumentiert, dass Laienpublika gerade dann eine vergleichsweise starke Position zukommt, wenn ihr Verhalten unberechenbar wird. Diese Unberechenbarkeit stellt sich unter anderem dann ein, wenn Träger von Publikumsrollen nicht wissen, welche ihrer vielen Interessen und Rollen sie konsequent zur Handlungsgrundlage machen sollen. Diese Perspektive wird am Fall des politischen Systems erläutert. Hier führt die Unberechenbarkeit des Wahlverhaltens dazu, dass Parteien verstärkt um die Gunst des Elektorats buhlen müssen, wodurch auch die Autonomisierung des politischen Systems befördert wird.
Shock wave induced defect engineering on structural and optical properties of pure and dye doped potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals
Authors: Aswathappa Sivakumar , Palaniyasan Eniya , Dhas Sathiyadhas Sahaya Jude , Jayaperumal Kalyana Sundar , Paramasivam Sivaprakash , Sonachalam Arumugam , Dhas Sathiyadhas Amalapushpam Martin Britto
Published: July 2020

Based on the importance of the shock recovery experiments, the authors report the structural and optical properties of pure and 0.001 M dye-doped potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals for virgin and shock wave loaded samples. Rhodamine B and Methylene blue dyes are selected as dopants to be doped with KDP crystal for the present investigation. The test crystals of pure and doped KDP crystals are grown by slow evaporation technique and cut and polished crystals of (200) face are used for the present investigation. Table-top pressure driven shock tube is utilized for the shock wave generation and the used functional Mach number is 1.7. Virgin and shock wave loaded test crystals’ surface morphology, structural properties and optical transmissions are observed using optical microscope, powder X-ray diffractometer and UV-Visible spectrometer, respectively. Crystalline nature and optical transmission of pure and doped KDP crystals are found to have reduced by the impact of shock waves. It occurs due to the enhancement of defect concentration on the surface of the test crystals. From the observed results, we assert that the pure KDP crystal is relatively more stable to shock wave induced damage compared to doped KDP crystals as reflected by structural and optical studies.
The scandium-rich indide Sc50Pt13.47In2.53
Authors: Gulay Nataliya L. , Kösters Jutta , Kalychak Yaroslav M. , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: July 2020

The scandium-rich indide Sc50Pt13.47In2.53 was obtained by induction melting of the elements and subsequent annealing. The structure of Sc50Pt13.47In2.53 has been refined from single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data: Fm

3
¯

$\overline{3}$

, a = 1774.61(3) pm, wR2 = 0.0443, 1047 F2 values and 35 variables. Sc50Pt13.47In2.53 is isopointal with the intermetallic phases Sc50Co12.5In3.5, Sc50Rh13.3In2.7, Sc50Ir13.6In2.4, Ag7+xMg26−x and Ga4.55Mg21.85Pd6.6 (Pearson code cF264 and Wyckoff sequence ih
2
fecba). Two of the eight crystallographic sites in the structure show mixed occupancies: M1 (≡Pt20.70In10.30) and M2 (≡Pt30.76In20.24). The structure contains four basic polyhedra: M2@Sc8 cubes, Pt1@Sc10 sphenocorona and slightly distorted M1@Sc12 and In3@Sc12 icosahedra. The polyhedra are condensed via common scandium corners and edges. The various Sc–Sc distances range from 302–334 pm and are indicative of substantial Sc–Sc bonding, stabilizing the Sc50Pt13.47In2.53 structure.
Biochemical evidences for M1-, M17- and M18-like aminopeptidases in marine invertebrates from Cuban coastline
Authors: Pascual Alonso Isel , Rivera Méndez Laura , Valdés-Tresanco Mario E. , Bounaadja Lotfi , Schmitt Marjorie , Arrebola Sánchez Yarini , Alvarez Lajonchere Luis , Charli Jean-Louis , Florent Isabelle
Published: July 2020

Metallo-aminopeptidases (mAPs) control many physiological processes. They are classified in different families according to structural similarities. Neutral mAPs catalyze the cleavage of neutral amino acids from the N-terminus of proteins or peptide substrates; they need one or two metallic cofactors in their active site. Information about marine invertebrate’s neutral mAPs properties is scarce; available data are mainly derived from genomics and cDNA studies. The goal of this work was to characterize the biochemical properties of the neutral APs activities in eight Cuban marine invertebrate species from the Phyla Mollusca, Porifera, Echinodermata, and Cnidaria. Determination of substrate specificity, optimal pH and effects of inhibitors (1,10-phenanthroline, amastatin, and bestatin) and cobalt on activity led to the identification of distinct neutral AP-like activities, whose biochemical behaviors were similar to those of the M1 and M17 families of mAPs. Additionally, M18-like glutamyl AP activities were detected. Thus, marine invertebrates express biochemical activities likely belonging to various families of metallo-aminopeptidases.
human monoamine oxidase (hMAO) A and hMAO B inhibitors from Artemisia dracunculus L. herniarin and skimmin: human mononamine oxidase A and B inhibitors from A. dracunculus L.
Authors: Aydin Tuba , Akincioglu Hulya , Gumustas Mehmet , Gulcin Ilhami , Kazaz Cavit , Cakir Ahmet
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of extracts and pure Artemisia dracunculus L. (tarragon) metabolites on the antimonoamine oxidase and anticholinesterase activities. The compounds were characterized as stigmasterol (1), herniarin (2), (2E,4E)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)undeca-2,4-diene-8,10-diyn-1-one (3), (2E,4E)-N-isobutylundeca-2,4-dien-8,10-diynamide (4), 3,4-dehydroherniarin (5) and skimmin (6) by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 1D and 2D NMR methods. The compounds 5 and 6 were isolated from tarragon for the first time. The extracts and pure compounds have inhibitory effects on the human monoamine oxidase (hMAO) A and B enzymes, whereas they did not exhibit any anticholinesterase activities. Among the tarragon compounds, only 2 and 6 compounds showed the inhibitory effects against hMAO A (IC50 = 51.76 and 73.47 μM, respectively) and hMAO B (IC50 = 0.84 and 1.63 mM, respectively). In the study, herniarin content in the extracts was also analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography and it was found that there was a relationship between the inhibition effects of the extracts and their herniarin content.
Chemical characterization of the lipids in femoral gland secretions of wild male tegu lizards,Salvator merianae(Squamata, Teiidae) in comparison with captive-bred males
Authors: Ramiro Carolina N. , Martín José , da Silva Junior Pedro Ismael , Pinto Hugo B. A. , Magalhães Júnior Arnaldo José C. , Abrahão Carlos , Rodrigues Miguel T.
Published: July 2020

Although chemical interactions play an essential role in lizard social behavior, the chemical composition of the femoral gland secretions that many lizards use for communication is known for only a few species, mainly European Lacertids. The tegu lizard,Salvator merianae, is the only species of the Teiidae family for which there is available information on lipids in femoral secretions, but only for captive bred males from Argentina. Here, based on mass spectra obtained by GC-MS, we found 69 lipophilic compounds in femoral gland secretions of wild malesS. merianaefrom Brazil, including cholesterol and high amounts of saturated fatty acids (mainly hexadecanoic and octadecanoic). We found contrasting differences between wild and captive-bred males, which lack cholesterol but present high amount of 9,12-octadecadienoic acid. These within-species differences between wild and captive lizards strongly suggest the important influence of different diets on the chemical composition of the femoral gland secretion and suggest caution when interpreting results from captive animals, even in the same species.
Toxicology study of fraxinellone as ovicidal agents against Mythimna separata Walker and Bombyx mori Linaeus
Authors: Lv Min , Chen Suying , Zhang Shaoyong , Xu Hui
Published: July 2020

Fraxinellone is a naturally occurring degraded limonoid isolated from many species of plants in Meliaceae and Rutaceae. Besides structural modification of the lead compounds, the toxicology study of the lead compounds is also a very important procedure to develop insecticidal agents. Herein the toxicology study of fraxinellone was carried out as the ovicidal agent against the eggs of two lepidopteran insects Mythimna separata Walker and Bombyx mori Linaeus. Fraxinellone selectively exhibited an ovicidal activity against the eggs of M. separata. After treatment with fraxinellone, the eggshells of M. separata were shrinked, whereas those of B. mori had no obvious change. The dynamic process of M. separata embryo development demonstrated that the distinct difference between the treated eggs and the control ones was obvious at the second day after treatment, especially, the control embryo finished blastokinesis, whereas the treated ones were still laid at pre-reversion status and a lot of yolk can be seen around the embryo. It ultimately resulted in the eggshell withered and the egg hatching inhibited.
Synthesis of sandwich type acyclic tetra-nuclear silver(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes for wound healing applications
Authors: Riaz Ayesha , Iqbal Muhammad Adnan , Bhatti Haq Nawaz , Shahid Muhammad
Published: July 2020

Two meta-xylyl linked tetrakis-benzimidazolium salts (L1-L2) as multidentate ligands and two respective silver complexes (C1 and C2) were synthesized. A multistep reaction was done at room temperature, starting with simple benzimidazole and alkyl halides, going through precursors and salt formation by reflux and finally in situ deprotonation of tetrabenzimidazolium salts with Ag2O to yield respective tetra-nuclear Ag(I)-N-heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) complexes. Propyl and butyl groups were bonded at the terminal positions of tetra-azolium open chain salts. Characterization of compounds was done by analytical and spectroscopic techniques. On the basis of spectroscopic data, a chemical structure with open chains having four Ag(I) ions sandwiched between NHC layers was established. Potential of synthesized complexes (C1 & C2) for wound contraction was evaluated and compared with standard wound contraction gel. Percentage wound contraction of both complexes was found very close to that of standard drug used in parallel.
Coronaviruses widespread on nonliving surfaces: important questions and promising answers
Authors: Deyab Mohamed A.
Published: July 2020

The world is facing, while writing this review, a global pandemic due to one of the types of the coronaviruses (i.e., COVID-19), which is a new virus. Among the most important reasons for the transmission of infection between humans is the presence of this virus active on the surfaces and materials. Here, we addressed important questions such as do coronaviruses remain active on the inanimate surfaces? Do the types of inanimate surfaces affect the activity of coronaviruses? What are the most suitable ingredients that used to inactivate viruses? This review article addressed many of the works that were done in the previous periods on the survival of many viruses from the coronaviruses family on various surfaces such as steel, glass, plastic, Teflon, ceramic tiles, silicon rubber and stainless steel copper alloys, Al surface, sterile sponges, surgical gloves and sterile latex. The impacts of environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity were presented and discussed. The most important active ingredients that can deactivate viruses on the surfaces were reported here. We hope that these active ingredients will have the same effect on COVID-19.
La representación de los géneros en el imperio romano del siglo I y su impacto social hoy
Authors: Vásquez Pérez María Nely , Viguri Axpe Miguel Ramón
Published: July 2020

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar, a partir de la cultura visual aplicada a la iconografía imperial de Roma, la representación de los géneros en los contextos posbélicos de la Roma Imperial del siglo I y su impacto social hoy. Se visibiliza que el género masculino está vinculado al poder y al dominio mediante unas imágenes, y, que, por el contrario, la mujer es excluida de la vida social mediante una representación en la que su cuerpo es utilizado por el imperio como “símbolo natural” de las naciones conquistadas y sometidas. Dichas imágenes y representaciones se utilizan, porque producen –por el poder evocativo y performativo del lenguaje visual–determinados esquemas jerárquicos, legitimadores del dominio imperial y de la sumisión de los pueblos vencidos.
Dienraščio „Lietuvos Rytas“ turinio kokybės pokyčiai 1990–2000 metais
Authors: Merkytė Rūta
Published: July 2020

Straipsnyje apžvelgiama dienraščio „Lietuvos rytas“ turinio kokybė ir jos pokyčiai nuo Nepriklausomybės atkūrimo (1990 m.) iki 2000 m. Remiantis kiekybiniais kriterijais siekiama ištirti, kaip tiriamuoju periodu keitėsi naujienų santykis viename įtakingiausių dešimtmečio leidinių pagal tematiką, „kietųjų“ ir „minkštųjų“ žinių santykis. Šie pokyčiai siejami su ekonominiais, politiniais ir socialiniais visuomenės raidos ypatumais. Atsižvelgta į žiniasklaidos funkcijų kaitą, t. y. informacijos ir pramogos liejimąsi ir šios tendencijos įtaką dienraščio turiniui.Esminiai žodžiai: bulvariniai laikraščiai, informavimas, „kietosios“ žinios, kokybinė spauda, laikraščiai, „minkštosios“ žinios, pramoga, tabloidas, tematika, žiniasklaidos funkcija.
Necrology to Karol Jakubowicz
Authors: English edition Journalism research
Published: July 2020

On behalf of ECREAClaudia AlvaresPresidentOn behalf of Vilnius UniversityFaculty of CommunicationAndrius VaišnysDean
A Blog – a Place of Expressing Yourself or rather Creating a Virtual Identity?
Authors: Adamski Andrzej
Published: July 2020

‘Writing a blog’ – these words pertain to the communicative situation which, since it raises a number of questions, is only seemingly simple. For instance, what is the difference between a blog and a traditional daily? What kind of relation exists between a blogger and a reader? And finally, does a blog represent the reflection of an author’s real identity; or maybe it is the network environment that makes a blogger create his or her new identity, very often a fake one? The author will attempt to answer the above questions in the present study.Keywords: blog, blogger, identity, genre, reader, representation, traditional diary, virtual reality.
Ekonominiai, technologiniai ir socialiniai Lietuvos žiniasklaidos pokyčiai
Authors: Petrauskis Kęstutis
Published: July 2020

Naudojantis stebėjimo ir lyginimo metodais straipsnyje apžvelgiamas ekonominių, technologinių ir socialinių medijų rinkoje vykstančių procesų poveikis ir įtaka žiniasklaidai ir jos turiniui. Šio straipsnio tikslas – ne tik aptarti Lietuvos žiniasklaidoje vykstančius procesus, bet ir, remiantis JAV ir ES šalių spaudos pavyzdžiais, palyginti su analogiškais procesais kitose Vakarų šalyse. Ši tema aktuali tiek akademinei bendruomenei, tiek ir plačiajai visuomenei, kasdieniame gyvenime susiduriančiai su Lietuvos masinės komunikacijos priemonių kaita.Esminiai žodžiai: internetas, objektyvumas, nešališkumas, pokytis, reklamos rinka, spauda, televizija, žiniasklaida, žiniasklaidos skaidrumas, žiniasklaidos turinys.
Žiniasklaidos savitvarka: institucijų modeliai ir lietuviškasis status quo
Authors: Mažylė Jolanta
Published: July 2020

Straipsnio tikslas – apžvelgti žiniasklaidos savireguliavimo (savitvar­kos) modelius, veikiančius užsienyje, aptarti savitvarkos institucijų pobū­dį ir funkcijas, savitvarkos institucijų struktūrą, finansavimą ir taikomas sankcijas, išanalizuoti kokie savitvarkos modeliai naudojami mūsų šalyje. Pateikiant žiniasklaidos savitvarkos Lietuvoje problematiką, atkreiptinas dėmesys į Visuomenės informavimo įstatymo pataisas, įsigaliojusias nuo 2015 m. sausio 1 d., taip pat pristatomos naujo savitvarkos instituto – Vi­suomenės informavimo etikos komisijos formavimo nuostatos ir funkcijos, šios komisijos darbo organizavimo, finansavimo principai ir sprendimų paskelbimo tvarka. Atskira straipsnio dalis skiriama žurnalistų, dirbančių nacionalinėje ir regionų žiniasklaidoje, apklausos rezultatams. Apklausoje siekta išsiaiškinti, kaip Lietuvos žurnalistų sąjungos nariai (N=60), dirban­tys praktinį žurnalistinį darbą, supranta ir vertina žiniasklaidos savitvarką Lietuvoje. Straipsnio teorinis metodologinis pagrįstumas – loginė, lyginamo­ji ir kompleksinė šaltinių analizė, taip pat sociologiniai ir sisteminiai tyrimo metodai, turinio analizė, kiekybinė ir kokybinė duomenų analizė; aprašo­moji statistika.
Kriminalinių įvykių diskursas Lietuvos internetinėje žiniasklaidoje ir Emilio Vėlyvio kino filmuose
Authors: Dabrovolskas Audrius
Published: July 2020

Lietuvos internetinėje žiniasklaidoje kriminaliniai įvykiai pateikiami kasdien ir šių pranešimų gausa hiperbolizuoja esamos realybės vaizdą. Tiek žiniasklaidoje, tiek kine sukuriami pranešimai veikia visuomenės nuostatas, vertybes ir tapatumą. Gausus kriminalinių įvykių diskursas naudojamas ir Emilio Vėlyvio kino filmuose „Zero“ ir „Zero II“.Dažniausiai Lietuvoje atliekami žiniasklaidoje pateikiamų krimina­linių naujienų tyrimai nebandant to susieti su kino filmais. Kriminaliniai kino filmai perteikia mūsų idėjas apie socialinius, ekonominius ir politinius reiškinius ir taip formuoja mūsų suvokimą apie šiuos reiškinius. Todėl tokio žanro filmai sukelia ir tam tikrus efektus visuomenėje, perteikdami žiūro­vams kultūros fragmentus, kurie vėliau formuoja individualią ir kolektyvinę sąmonę. Nors vaidybinių kino filmų gamyba remiasi subjektyviais kūrybos kriterijais priešingai nei žiniasklaidos naujienos, tačiau tiek kino filmai, tiek ir žiniasklaidos pranešimai yra sukonstruotos realybės reprezentacija. Ši re­prezentacija straipsnyje tiriama remiantis socialinio konstruktyvizmo teori­ja, kuri aktuali tuo, jog nusikaltimą traktuoja kaip socialinę realybę, kurią konstruoja visuomenė. Būtent visuomenė gali atitinkamai keisti socialinę realybę suprasdama savo rolę jos konstravime.Taigi pagrindinis straipsnio tikslas yra nustatyti, kokios priežastys lemia kriminalinės informacijos pateikimą ir vartojimo poreikį tiek žiniasklaidoje, tiek kine. Siekiant įgyvendinti šį tikslą iškelti uždaviniai:1) atskleisti galimus vartotojų kriminalinės informacijos pasirinkimo motyvus;2) nustatyti kriminalinių įvykių tematiką pasirinktoje internetinės ži­niasklaidos svetainėje;3) nustatyti kriminalinių įvykių tematiką pasirinktuose kino filmuose;4) išskirti dominuojančius pranešimus kriminalinių įvykių tematikoje;5) palyginti kriminalinių įvykių temas ir dominuojančius pranešimus;6) išanalizuoti, kokią įtaką internetinė žiniasklaida ir kino filmų patei­kiamų pranešimų apie nusikaltimus ir jų temų skirtumai ir panašu­mai turi kriminalinių įvykių diskurso plėtojimui viešojoje erdvėje.Analizuojant kriminalinių įvykių žiniasklaidoje ir kine problematiką bei priežastis, kurios lemia tokios informacijos paklausą visuomenėje, iš pra­džių aptariamas medijų ir jų turinio pasirinkimo aspektas, vėliau aptaria­ma kriminalinių įvykių diskurso sąvoka ir pristatomas kriminalinių įvykių pateikimo pasirinktoje internetinėje žiniasklaidos svetainėje (laikraštyje Delfi.lt) ir kino filmuose („Zero“ ir „Zero II“) tyrimas, kuriame analizuoja­mi pranešimai apie kriminalinius įvykius.
Apgintos disertacijos žurnalistikos ir žiniasklaidos tema
Authors: Kazakevičiūtė Inga
Published: July 2020

...
The Concept of Cultural Journalism: What the Editors in Latvia Think They Do When Doing Cultural Journalism
Authors: Skulte Ilva
Published: July 2020

Cultural journalism is a matter of current discussions in jour­nalism theory and practical research. As a relatively small and specific area of journalistic practice, it operates in the intersection between media, culture in general, and arts and creative industries. The complexity, heterogeneity and variability of the field is determined by the major changes transforming all three intersecting areas – the new media, diversity of genres and the au­dience practices that characterize contemporary communication; liquidity and hybridity is a mark of the global postindustrial society, whereas art is more and more framed by the rise and convertibility of the concepts of crea­tive class, production, and capital. The self-reflection, conceptualisation of their work and the object of report and reference – culture – by the editors and producers from the Latvian cultural media outlets and departments is the topic of this paper. The main conclusions are that their concepts of cul­ture, cultural quality, and journalistic production, as well as the goals and principles of their work largely differ depending on the type and format of their medium. However, what unifies most of the respondents is the lack of more abstract conceptualisation of the complexity of the field and its social contexts with all the potential consequences for their work and the field of culture in general.
Bibliografija 2016
Authors: 11 tomas Žurnalistikos tyrimai
Published: July 2020

...
Calcified Lesion Assessment and Intervention in Complex Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Overview of Angioplasty, Atherectomy, and Lithotripsy
Authors: Truesdell Alexander G , Khuddus Matheen A , Martinez Sara C , Shlofmitz Evan
Published: July 2020

Calcific coronary artery disease intervention is associated with uniformly worse short-term procedural and long-term clinical results compared with treatment of non-calcified lesions. Multiple intravascular imaging tools currently exist to aid the identification and detailed characterization of intracoronary calcium, and guide appropriate follow-on management strategies. Several unique device therapies, to include angioplasty, atherectomy, and lithotripsy may be employed to enhance lesion preparation, stent implantation and optimization, and improve patient outcomes. Current low use of both imaging and ablative technologies in the US offers significant future opportunities for improving the comprehensive evaluation and management of these complex lesion subsets and patients.
TÉCNICA DE INDENTACIÓN ESFÉRICA EN RÉGIMEN ELÁSTICO MEDIANTE EL MEF
Authors: Güiza Ruben D. , Martínez Manuel , Jaimes Ricardo A. , Sánchez Ramón
Published: July 2020

En los últimos años se han desarrollado nuevas técnicas para el estudio de materiales, entre las cuales se destaca la técnica de indentación. Los datos experimentales logrados por esta técnica permiten la evaluación del comportamiento mecánico del material a distintos niveles microestructurales. Recientemente, los avances informáticos han permitido la evolución de herramientas que permiten evaluar y predecir el comportamiento de distintos fenómenos físicos con el desarrollo de los métodos matemáticos, entre los cuales se encuentran los llamados métodos numéricos. El presente trabajo estudia el modelado numérico por elementos finitos de la técnica de indentación para su aplicación en la estimación de la curva carga vs desplazamiento; se revisan los fundamentos de la técnica con el objeto de establecer condiciones de borde a las cuales deberá estar sujeto el modelo numérico propuesto, donde un modelo computacional representativo a la técnica de indentación esférica cumple la finalidad de validar al modelo geométrico propuesto a partir de las ecuaciones analíticas de Hertz.
Los marcos sociales del mal. Notas para el estudio de los perpetradores de genocidios
Authors: Zylberman Lior
Published: July 2020

Nuestro trabajo se enmarca en una investigación en torno a los debates sociológicos acerca del genocidio, encontrándonos en esta etapa en el estudio sobre los perpetradores.Actor polémico en las investigaciones sobre la temática, las primeras aproximaciones, al calor de los Juicios de Nuremberg entre 1945 y 1946, tendieron a asociar y a exponer a los perpetradores a partir de explicaciones que los ubicaron bajo parámetros de anormalidad y de sadismo, atribuyéndoles al mismo tiempo características demoníacas. En la década de 1960 se produjo un giro sustancial a partir del desarrollo del juicio a Adolph Eichmann, responsable de la Solución final nazi, como también en el campo de la psicología experimental. De este modo, y a pesar de los debates y controversias que generaron en su momento, la obra pionera de Hannah Arendt (2005) así como los experimentos llevados adelante por Stanley Milgram (1969) permitieron un cambio sustancial en el análisis de los perpetradores, siendo uno de sus aportes fundamentales la comprensión del carácter “normal” de estos.Relegada en las décadas sucesivas, en los últimos años ha habido un creciente interés en el estudio de esta figura, en parte debido a la reiteración de casos de genocidios y otros tipos de violencia en masa, y se han hecho diversas investigaciones tanto en el campo de la psicología como en el de la sociología.En el desarrollo de nuestra investigación, hemos pensando la noción de marcos sociales del mal para comprender cómo la gente común puede convertirse en genocida. En esa dirección, este artículo tiene dos objetivos: por un lado, nos proponemos explorar y presentar algunas de las diversas perspectivas con las que se ha analizado esta figura; por el otro, al partir de la posibilidad de analizar al genocidio como una acción social, nos aventuramos a reparar en los posibles aportes que puede hacer la teoría de Alfred Schutz al análisis de esta cuestión. Si bien el sociólogo de origen austríaco no reflexionó sobre la temática, creemos que sus escritos pueden aportar a la comprensión sociológica del genocidio.
La ecología política y el marxismo ecológico como enfoques críticos a la relación entre desarrollo económico y medio ambiente
Authors: Treacy Mariano Ignacio
Published: July 2020

En este artículo nos proponemos realizar una contribución a la discusión acerca de las controversias existentes entre los enfoques económicos dominantes y los heterodoxos en lo que respecta a la relación entre desarrollo económico y los problemas ambientales. Abordaremos esta cuestión mediante una caracterización general de la relación entre los programas de desarrollo económico implícitos en la tradición ortodoxa de la economía ambiental y en tradiciones heterodoxas como la ecología política y el marxismo ecológico. Con este objetivo, en primer lugar, caracterizamos críticamente los rasgos generales del enfoque de la economía ambiental, que sostiene la capacidad del mercado de operar como un eficiente asignador de recursos y como autorregulador del ciclo económico postulando un programa de desarrollo económico sostenible de carácter productivista. En contraste con la economía ambiental, la ecología política y el marxismo ecológico promueven la problematización del modo de producción y de consumo, de las relaciones de producción y de poder y las decisiones políticas como un modo de comprender la vinculación entre la sociedad y la economía y el deterioro ambiental que se produce y lleva a crisis económicas y ecológicas. La ecología política nos ofrece herramientas para cuestionar la sostenibilidad del paradigma del desarrollo productivista y para entender que las consecuencias del deterioro ambiental son distribuidas de manera desigual entre los distintos sectores de la sociedad. El marxismo ecológico, por su parte, nos ofrece una mirada que permite comprender el modo en que condicionantes abstractos característicos del modo de producción capitalista como la lógica de maximización de la ganancia, la propiedad privada de los medios de producción y el trabajo asalariado se vinculan con condiciones concretas como la crisis económica y la depredación del medioambiente. El ecosocialismo, por su parte, ancla su filosofía en el marxismo, pero se despoja de su pasado productivista para cuestionar el ideal mismo del desarrollo. En su lugar, propone la filosofía del sumak kausay (buen vivir), que construye una nueva ética de convivencia entre producción, consumo y naturaleza.
Balance introductorio de la literatura sobre la relación entre condiciones socioeconómicas y consumo de alimentos
Authors: Torres Pabón Giselle
Published: July 2020

This paper aims to present a literature review that serves as a guide for the analysis of the relationship between socioeconomic conditions and food consumption. First, it shows different interpretations of this relationship from three categories: a) the position that a person occupies in the economic and social system; b) rational and functional aspects of food consumption; c) changes in food consumption and socioeconomic conditions. Then, based on the conclusions drawn from these sections, the analytical balance proposed in this article will be exposed. The paper concludes that there are different micro and macro; material and non-material elements; dynamic; in time and space; that restricts food consumption; thus, it is suggested to the beginner reader of this topic not to lose sight of the vast complexity of the problem.
El momento populista. Amenaza y oportunidad histórica. Reseña de Por un populismo de izquierda de Mouffe Chantal
Authors: Castrelo Víctor
Published: July 2020

Reseña del libro de Mouffe Cantal: Por un populismo de izquierda.
Habitantes intermitentes, entre la calle y el hotel-pensión. Nuevas aproximaciones a una vieja problemática en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
Authors: Rosa Paula Cecilia , Toscani Maria de la Paz
Published: July 2020

En este artículo se propone caracterizar a un subgrupo de los habitantes de la calle que vive en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (caba). Hacemos referencia a una población inscripta en un circuito habitacional que articula la residencia en una habitación de alquiler en un hotel-pensión con el habitar en el espacio público. Este grupo posee ciertas particularidades frente al “tradicional” habitante de la calle, que es quien desarrolla su vida cotidiana principalmente en el ámbito de la calle, situación también existente de manera habitual y creciente. Interesa detenerse en la experiencia del habitar la calle, desde una mirada amplia que contemple a quienes de manera “discontinua” también habitan en ella. Esta población, denominada habitantes de la calle intermitentes, se produce y reproduce a partir de la forma que asume la política pública dirigida a estos sectores. Hacemos referencia a un programa que se basa en la entrega de “subsidios habitacionales” para alquilar una habitación en un hotel-pensión. Este programa resulta ser una de las principales políticas que posee la ciudad para mitigar la problemática habitacional. Desde la política se concibe que el acceder a este subsidio resulta una respuesta o “solución” a la emergencia que suscita encontrarse habitando en la calle. Sin embargo, como se intentará plasmar en este trabajo, este tipo de intervenciones no solo no llevan a una solución definitiva, sino que, por el contrario, colaboran en la reproducción de la problemática social y habitacional en la cual los/as beneficiarios/as del programa se encuentran. Los resultados presentes en este artículo están fundamentados en los hallazgos, basados en fuentes primarias, de las tesis doctorales de las autoras. Una de ellas, analizó la experiencia de vida de los habitantes de la calle y la otra trabajó la problemática de los habitantes de los hoteles-pensión. A partir de la búsqueda de puntos de contacto y de diferenciación entre ambas investigaciones se originó el presente artículo.
Problematizar las relaciones espacio-sujeto-situación de calle: el caso del Censo Popular en Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Di Iorio Jorgelina , Farías Monica
Published: July 2020

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir las dimensiones metodológicas y ético-políticas del Censo Popular de Personas en Situación de Calle, realizado en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina) en los años 2017 y 2019. Frente al incumplimiento de la Ley 3706 que establece que el gobierno local debe realizar un “relevamiento anual de las personas en situación de calle o en riesgo a la situación de calle con información desagregada que posibilite un diagnóstico y fijar políticas puntuales para los distintos subgrupos” (Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, 2010), un conjunto de organizaciones sociales y políticas junto con organismos gubernamentales de exigibilidad de derechos y personas en situación de calle llevaron a cabo el relevamiento de manera autogestiva.Se recurre al método de caso ampliado o análisis situacional (Martínez, 2017) para presentar el Censo Popular (cp) como un caso para discutir las metodologías de conteo de personas en situación de calle y visibilizar la potencialidad de la organización colectiva como herramienta de transformación social e incidencia política. No se discuten los resultados de los cp del 2017 y 2019, sino que a partir del análisis de fuentes primarias y secundarias se estudian los modos en que el cp expone diferentes formas de violencia sobre las personas en situación de calle y de participación social.Se concluye que el cp trasciende lo que fue llamado censo-evento y se convierte en un censo-movimiento, es decir, un consorcio de organizaciones sociales, políticas y comunitarias que se configura como un actor social que desarrolla acciones antes, durante y con posterioridad al censo-evento. El censo-movimiento se presenta como una alternativa a esa maquinaria de producción al dar lugar para que se desplieguen procesos de singularización (Giattari y Rolnik, 2013). A partir de esos procesos se rechazan los modos de codificación preestablecidos para abordar la situación de calle como problema social complejo, con el fin de agenciar modos de sensibilidad y creatividad desde los que se producen subjetividades resistentes y deseantes.
Contribution of Parastagonospora nodorum to the leaf and glume blotch of durum wheat in Bulgaria
Authors: Nedyalkova S. , Stoyanova Z. , Rodeva R.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Parastagonospora nodorum is an important necrotrophic fungal pathogen causing leaf and glume blotch of wheat worldwide. The disease can result in significant losses in grain yield and quality. The purpose of the current investigation was to estimate the occurrence of P. nodorum as a foliar and ear pathogen of durum wheat and disease severity on a set of cultivars under natural infection. Field experiments were performed at two locations (Sofia and Chirpan) in the period 2010-2017. Twelve winter cultivars of durum wheat were involved in the study. P. nodorum was not found at both locations in 2010 and 2011. Thereafter the pathogen was recorded on the leaves of durum wheat in Sofia every year except 2013. Symptoms included chlorosis and necrosis of the leaf tissue. The strongest manifestation of the disease was observed in 2016 and especially in 2017. In Chirpan leaf blotch was noticed only in 2 out of 8 growing seasons. The ear infection led to development of dark brown patches on the glumes, which later became purple-brown. These symptoms were noted in Sofia in 2014, 2016 and 2017. In Chirpan, glume blotch of studied cultivars was recorded in 2017 but in the previous year the symptoms were widely observed on some genotypes among the initial breeding material of durum wheat. In the present investigation P. nodorum caused leaf and glume blotch only. Symptoms on stems, nodes and leaf sheaths were not noted at both locations. The 12 cultivars under study differed in their susceptibility to leaf and glume blotch. The leaf symptoms caused by P. nodorum were recorded on all cultivars, but were more pronounced on Zvezditsa, Deyana and GK Bétadur. The glume blotch was more noticeable on Vazhod. The results of this multiyear research showed that although P. nodorum did not appear every year, the pathogen could contribute to the leaf and glume blotch of durum wheat under conditions favourable for disease development. The evaluation of cultivars demonstrated encouraging preliminary results. Several cultivars showed lower disease severity on flag leaf and no or little infection on the ear. They deserve further studies on resistance to P. nodorum.
First records of a blind centipede, Cryptops navis Chamberlin, 1930 (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha, Cryptopidae), from Japan
Authors: Jonishi Taro , Nakano Takafumi
Published: July 2020

Eight specimens of a scolopendromorph centipede collected in Tokashiki Island and Minamidaito Island (both in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan) represent the first record of Cryptops (Cryptops) navis Chamberlin, 1930 from the islands of the Far East (i.e., Japanese Archipelago, Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan). This material also provides new details of the morphological variability of C. (C.) navis and the first data on natural habitats of C. (C.) navis, which previously was known only from soil samples from Singapore and China.
Análisis y comparativa de las "Instrucciones" sobre antigüedades emitidas durante el siglo XVIII para el estudio de los restos edilicios precolombinos y españoles
Authors: Gil-Fernández Raquel , León-Gómez Alicia
Published: July 2020

Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de las instrucciones emitidas por distintas instituciones a lo largo del siglo XVIII para el estudio de las antigüedades romanas, islámicas y precolombinas. Con ello se ha pretendido mostrar cómo se entendía el estudio de dichos restos, en concreto los arquitectónicos. Se ha concluido que la diferencia en el enfoque y la calidad de dichos trabajos estriba tanto en la institución que lo encargaba como en el profesional que lo realizaba.
Automation of road construction
Authors: Kolbasin Aleksandr , Gumerov Amir
Published: July 2020

This article discusses the creation and application of the building model information (Building Information Modeling) during the creation and operation of road infrastructure.
The article reveals the problem of reducing the costs of the production process and optimizing costs that plague all construction companies. In addition to the many activities that are carried out in organizations to improve automation systems, the problem still remains relevant, as it is difficult to process a large stream of incoming information that accompanies work with objects using modern tools.
The authors of this article say that the practical part of BIM in road construction consists in collecting the necessary information from the object and its further implementation in a 3D model, since at the operational stage, planning for repair and maintenance work is provided, which includes the corresponding costs.
In addition, the article discusses the automation of road construction, consisting in a tracking system (monitoring) of the condition of the road surface. In turn, Rosavtodor began to actively use the technology of cold regeneration and stabilization of asphalt concrete pavements, it is also cold recycling, which can improve the condition and durability of the roadway. Currently, experts are working on a method of monitoring the status of pavements.
This article discusses the process of road reconstruction using 3D technology, divided into 4 separate stages. They include the main stages of the construction of the roadway: survey, design, transfer of the project to the site and milling.
An exploratory study of the South African concentrated solar power sector using the technological innovation systems framework
Authors: Potts S. , Walwyn D.R.
Published: July 2020

Wide-scale deployment of variable renewable energy (wind and solar photovoltaic) is constrained by its associated requirements for energy storage, the technologies for which are currently too expensive to be routinely used. Concentrated solar power (CSP), with its inherent storage capacity, offers semi-dispatchable electricity at large scale. However, its deployment to date has been restricted by high capital costs and the limited geographical locations with optimal solar radiation to attain required efficiencies. South Africa, with its abundant solar resources, has the potential to develop an export-competitive CSP industry by leveraging existing capabilities in innovation, manufacturing and construction, but has yet to attain this goal. This study applied a qualitative, exploratory approach and the framework of technological innovation systems (TIS) to understand the factors that are currently prohibiting the country from being a global leader in CSP. The assessment has revealed the presence of largely immature TIS, characterised by a heavy reliance on imported technology and market support from the state-supported procurement programme. The advancement of CSP remains contingent on further allocation of CSP procurement targets in this programme and sufficient support to develop entrepreneurial activity. An integrated industrial policy strategy, which can ensure technology transfer and address the high cost of CSP, is recommended as a means of addressing the barriers to its development as a competitive industry.
DO LATITUDE, ELEVATION, TEMPERATURE, AND PRECIPITATION INFLUENCE BODY AND CLUTCH SIZES OF FEMALE COMMON FIVE-LINED SKINKS, PLESTIODON FASCIATUS (LINNAEUS, 1758)?
Authors: Morrissey Jake S. , Barr Brandon , Austin Andrew E. , Babcock Lauren R. , Powell Robert
Published: July 2020

Common Five-lined Skinks (Plestiodon fasciatus) have an extensive distribution that includes much of eastern North America. We examined 490 female specimens (274 with putative clutch sizes) from throughout the range to see if latitude, elevation, mean annual temperature, and/or mean annual precipitation affected body or clutch sizes. We predicted that larger females would produce larger clutches, latitude and elevation would negatively affect both body and clutch sizes, and that temperature and precipitation would exert a positive effect. Our results did not consistently support those predictions. Body size was positively associated with latitude, negatively associated with temperature, and not associated with elevation or precipitation. Clutch size was not related to female body size, but in most instances was positively associated with temperature and precipitation but negatively associated with elevation and latitude. Effectively K-selected in the North and r-selected in the South, body and clutch sizes in this species appear to be responding to different select.
Grafik Tasarımda Bir Anlatım Dili: Rebus Tasarım
Authors: ÇALIŞ ZEĞEREK Ece
Published: July 2020

Grafik tasarım alanında ele alınan bu çalışma, görsel bir cinas türü olarak Rebus’un kullanım biçimlerini örneklerle birlikte açıklamaktadır. Rebus, genel bir tanımlamaya göre; anlamlı bir kelime ya da kelime öbeği oluşturmak için görsellerle harflerin ve/veya kelime parçalarının birleştirilmesi ile oluşturulan görsel bulmacalara verilen isimdir. Resimli alfabe (resfebe) ya da resimli bilmece olarak da bilinen rebus, grafik tasarım bağlamında, yaratıcı üretim sürecini destekleyen görsel bir cinas türü olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Rebus ilkesi ile oluşturulan tasarımlar, bir yandan mesajın/metnin algılanması ve anlaşılmasına odaklanırken; diğer yandan bir bulmaca özelliği taşıyarak izleyiciyi eğlendirme işlevini de beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu bağlamda rebus, grafik tasarım alanında dikkat çekiciliği sağlayan bir anlatım dilidir. Bir bulmaca özelliği taşımak ve eğlendirici bir işleve sahip olmanın yanında rebus kullanımının birincil görevi işlevsel, fonksiyonel tasarımlar oluşturmak ve yaratıcı düşüncenin geliştirilmesi sürecinde etkin rol oynamaktır. Grafik tasarım alanında kullanımı oldukça yaygın olan rebus tasarımlar kimi zaman bilinçli olarak, kimi zaman ise bilinçsiz bir biçimde, bir başka deyişle rebus ilkesine uygun tasarımlar üretme kaygısı taşımadan oluşturulmaktadır. Ancak grafik tasarım bilinçli bir üretim sürecini gerektirmektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın özgünlüğü rebus kullanımının detaylı bir anlatımının yapılmasıyla bilinçli üretim sürecine katkı sağlaması ve tasarım sürecinde rebusun ‘üretim biçimleri’ doğrultusunda nasıl sınıflandırılabileceğini göstermesidir.
Negotiated Autonomy: The Role of Social Media Algorithms in Editorial Decision Making
Authors: Peterson-Salahuddin Chelsea , Diakopoulos Nicholas
Published: July 2020

Social media platforms have increasingly become an important way for news organizations to distribute content to their audiences. As news organizations relinquish control over distribution, they may feel the need to optimize their content to align with platform logics to ensure economic sustainability. However, the opaque and often proprietary nature of platform algorithms makes it hard for news organizations to truly know what kinds of content are preferred and will perform well. Invoking the concept of algorithmic ‘folk theories,’ this article presents a study of in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 18 U.S.-based news journalists and editors to understand how they make sense of social media algorithms, and to what extent this influences editorial decision making. Our findings suggest that while journalists’ understandings of platform algorithms create new considerations for gatekeeping practices, the extent to which it influences those practices is often negotiated against traditional journalistic conceptions of newsworthiness and journalistic autonomy.
Automated Journalism: A Meta-Analysis of Readers’ Perceptions of Human-Written in Comparison to Automated News
Authors: Graefe Andreas , Bohlken Nina
Published: July 2020

This meta-analysis summarizes evidence on how readers perceive the credibility, quality, and readability of automated news in comparison to human-written news. Overall, the results, which are based on experimental and descriptive evidence from 12 studies with a total of 4,473 participants, showed no difference in readers’ perceptions of credibility, a small advantage for human-written news in terms of quality, and a huge advantage for human-written news with respect to readability. Experimental comparisons further suggest that participants provided higher ratings for credibility, quality, and readability simply when they were told that they were reading a human-written article. These findings may lead news organizations to refrain from disclosing that a story was automatically generated, and thus underscore ethical challenges that arise from automated journalism.
Automated Journalism as a Source of and a Diagnostic Device for Bias in Reporting
Authors: Leppänen Leo , Tuulonen Hanna , Sirén-Heikel Stefanie
Published: July 2020

In this article we consider automated journalism from the perspective of bias in news text. We describe how systems for automated journalism could be biased in terms of both the information content and the lexical choices in the text, and what mechanisms allow human biases to affect automated journalism even if the data the system operates on is considered neutral. Hence, we sketch out three distinct scenarios differentiated by the technical transparency of the systems and the level of cooperation of the system operator, affecting the choice of methods for investigating bias. We identify methods for diagnostics in each of the scenarios and note that one of the scenarios is largely identical to investigating bias in non-automatically produced texts. As a solution to this last scenario, we suggest the construction of a simple news generation system, which could enable a type of analysis-by-proxy. Instead of analyzing the system, to which the access is limited, one would generate an approximation of the system which can be accessed and analyzed freely. If successful, this method could also be applied to analysis of human-written texts. This would make automated journalism not only a target of bias diagnostics, but also a diagnostic device for identifying bias in human-written news.