bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GAN-MAT: Generative Adversarial Network-based Microstructural Profile Covariance Analysis Toolbox
Authors: Park Yeong Jun , Lee Mi Ji , Yoo Seulki , Kim Chae Yeon , Namgung Jong Young , Park Yunseo , Park Hyunjin , Lee Eun-Chong , Yun Yeo Dong , Paquola Casey , Bernhardt Boris C. , Park Bo-yong
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides complementary information for investigating brain structure and function; for example, anin vivomicrostructure-sensitive proxy can be estimated using the ratio between T1- and T2-weighted structural MRI. However, acquiring multiple imaging modalities is challenging in patients with inattentive disorders. In this study, we proposed a comprehensive framework to provide multiple imaging features related to the brain microstructure using only T1-weighted MRI. Our toolbox consists of (i) synthesizing T2-weighted MRI from T1-weighted MRI using a conditional generative adversarial network; (ii) estimating microstructural features, including intracortical covariance and moment features of cortical layer-wise microstructural profiles; and (iii) generating a microstructural gradient, which is a low-dimensional representation of the intracortical microstructure profile. We trained and tested our toolbox using T1- and T2-weighted MRI scans of 1,104 healthy young adults obtained from the Human Connectome Project database. We found that the synthesized T2-weighted MRI was very similar to the actual image and that the synthesized data successfully reproduced the microstructural features. The toolbox was validated using an independent dataset containing healthy controls and patients with episodic migraine as well as the atypical developmental condition of autism spectrum disorder. Our toolbox may provide a new paradigm for analyzing multimodal structural MRI in the neuroscience community, and is openly accessible athttps://github.com/CAMIN-neuro/GAN-MAT.
Evaluation of ATNPDframework and biofluid markers to predict cognitive decline in early Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Cousins Katheryn A.Q. , Irwin David J. , Tropea Thomas F. , Rhodes Emma , Phillips Jeffrey S. , Chen-Plotkin Alice S. , Brumm Michael C. , Coffey Christopher S. , Kang Ju Hee , Simuni Tanya , Foroud Tatiana , Toga Arthur W. , Tanner Caroline M. , Kieburtz Karl , Mollenhauer Brit , Galasko Douglas R. , Hutten Samantha , Weintraub Daniel , Siderowf Andrew , Marek Kenneth , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Poston Kathleen L. , Shaw Leslie M. ,   The Parkinson’s Progression Marker Initiative
Published: April 2023

Background and Objectives

In Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) co-pathology is common and clinically relevant. However, the longitudinal progression of AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers – β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ42), phosphorylated tau 181 (p-tau181) and total tau (t-tau) – in PD is poorly understood, and may be distinct from clinical AD. Moreover, it is unclear if CSF p-tau181and serum neurofilament light (NfL) have added prognostic utility in PD, when combined with CSF Aβ42. First, we describe longitudinal trajectories of biofluid markers in PD. Second, we modified the AD β-amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (ATN) framework for application in PD (ATNPD) using CSF Aβ42(A), p-tau181(T), and serum NfL (N), and tested ATNPDprediction of longitudinal cognitive decline in PD.

Methods

Participants were selected from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort, clinically-diagnosed with sporadic PD or as normal Controls, and followed annually for 5 years. Linear mixed effects models (LMEM) tested the interaction of diagnosis with longitudinal trajectories of analytes (log-transformed, FDR-corrected). In PD, LMEMs tested how baseline ATNPDstatus (AD [A+T+N±]vs. not) predicted clinical outcomes, including Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA; rank-transformed, FDR-corrected).

Results

Participants were 364 PD and 168 Controls, with comparable baseline mean (±SD) age (PD=62±10; Control=61±11]; Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon:p=0.40) and gender distribution (PD=231 males [63%]; Control=107 males [64%]; chi-square:p=1.0). PD had overall lower CSF p-tau181(β=-0.16, 95%CI=-0.23 – -0.092,p=2.2e-05) and t-tau than Controls (β=-0.13, 95%CI=-0.19 – -0.065,p=4.0e-04), but not Aβ42(p=0.061) or NfL (p=0.32). Over time, PD had greater increases in serum NfL than Controls (β=0.035, 95%CI=0.022 – 0.048,p=9.8e-07); PD slopes did not differ from controls for CSF Aβ42(p=0.18), p-tau181(p=1.0) or t-tau (p=0.96). Using ATNPD, PD classified as A+T+N± (n=32; 9%) had consistently worse cognitive decline, including on global MoCA (β=-73, 95%CI=-110 – -37,p=0.00077), than all other ATNPDstatuses including A+ alone (A+T-N-; n=75; 21%).

Discussion

In early PD, CSF p-tau181and t-tau were low compared to Controls and did not increase over 5 year follow-up. Even so, classification using modified ATNPD(incorporating CSF p-tau181with CSF Aβ42and serum NfL) may identify biologically-relevant subgroups of PD to improve prediction of cognitive decline in early PD.
The Structures of Secretory IgA in complex withStreptococcus pyogenesM4 and human CD89 provide insights on mucosal host-pathogen interactions
Authors: Liu Qianqiao , Stadtmueller Beth M.
Published: April 2023

Immunoglobulin (Ig) A functions as monomeric IgA in the serum and Secretory (S) IgA in mucosal secretions. Host IgA Fc receptors (FcαRs), including human FcαR1/CD89, mediate IgA effector functions; however human pathogenStreptococcus pyogeneshas evolved surface-protein virulence factors, including M4, that also engage the CD89 binding site on IgA. Despite human mucosa serving as a reservoir for pathogens, SIgA interactions with CD89 and M4 remain poorly understood. Here we report cryo-EM structures of M4-SIgA and CD89-SIgA complexes, which unexpectedly reveal different SIgA-binding stoichiometry for M4 and CD89. Structural data, supporting experiments, and modeling indicate that copies of SIgA bound toS. pyogenesM4 will adopt similar orientations on the bacterium surface and leave one host FcαR binding site open. Results suggest unappreciated functional consequences associated with SIgA binding to host and bacterial FcαRs relevant to understanding host-microbe co-evolution, IgA effector functions and to improving the outcomes of group AStreptococcusinfection.
Enhancing the Applied Force and Range of Axial Optical Tweezers
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Milstein Joshua N.
Published: April 2023

Axial optical tweezers provide a natural geometry for performing biomechanical assays such as rupture force measurements of protein binding. Axial traps, however, are typically weaker than their lateral counterparts requiring high laser power to maintain a well calibrated, linear restoring force. Here we show how to extend the spatial range over which well calibrated forces can be applied by considering aberration effects and extend the range of applied forces by accounting for the nonlinear response that appears when an optically trapped bead is moved far from the trap center. These refinements to the force calibration can be used to apply higher axial forces at reduced laser powers deeper into a sample. To illustrate the method, we reproduce both the linear extension regime and overstretching transition observed in dsDNA at significantly reduced laser powers.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.XX.XXXXXX
Adaptation to bile and anaerobicity limitsVibrio choleraephage adsorption
Authors: Netter Zoe , Dunham Drew T. , Seed Kimberley D.
Published: April 2023

Bacteriophages (viruses of bacteria) play a pivotal role in shaping both the evolution and dynamics of bacterial populations. Bacteria employ arsenals of genetically encoded phage defense systems, but can alternatively achieve protection by changing the availability of cellular resources that phages rely on for propagation. These physiological changes are often adaptive responses to unique environmental signals. The facultative pathogenVibrio choleraeadapts to both aquatic and intestinal environments with niche-specific physiological changes that ensure its evolutionary success in such disparate settings. In both niches,V. choleraeis susceptible to predation by lytic phages like ICP1. However, both phages and susceptible bacterial hosts coexist in nature, indicating that environmental cues may modulateV. choleraecell state to protect against phage infection. This work explores one such modification in response to the intestine-specific signals of bile and anaerobicity. We found thatV. choleraegrown in these conditions reduces O1-antigen decoration on its outer membrane lipopolysaccharide. Because the O1-antigen is an essential moiety for ICP1 phage infection, we investigated the effect of partial O1-antigen depletion as a mechanism of phage defense and observed that O1-depletion limits phage adsorption. We identified mechanistic contributions to O1-depletion, including the essentiality of a weak acid tolerance system for O1 production at low pH, and alterations in transcriptional profiles indicating limitations in resources for O1-biosynthesis. This analysis illustrates a complex interplay between signals relevant to the intestinal environment and bacterial physiology that provideV. choleraewith protection from phage predation.
HBV prevalence in Sub-continental countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hogan Sam , Page Andrew , Dixit Sameer , McBride Kate
Published: April 2023

Background

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major source of disease burden worldwide, especially in developing nations. Although vaccine programs exist to control infections, certain sub-populations around the world continue to have very high prevalence of HBV infection.

Methods

A systematic search of studies of HBV published after 2010 was conducted for India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bhutan. Each paper was independently screened for risk of bias and inclusion. Data were extracted from included studies before being analysed to estimate pooled prevalence, and to conduct sub-group analyses. Random-effects models were used for estimating summary prevalence due to a high level of heterogeneity between studies, and funnel plots were combined with Egger’s test to assess publication bias. Meta-regression was conducted to investigate sources of between-study heterogeneity.

Results

The pooled prevalence of HBV across all studies was 4% (95% CI 0.02, 0.06). For countries with multiple studies, the pooled prevalence of HBV was 3% (95% CI 0.02, 0.05) for India, 6% (95% CI 0.04, 0.10) for Pakistan, 5% (95% CI of 0.02, 0.12) for Bangladesh, and 1% (95% CI 0.00, 0.08) for Nepal. There was some evidence of publication bias, and a high level of heterogeneity across studies. Risk of bias analysis found most studies to be of fair or moderate quality.

Conclusions

The prevalence of HBV among sub-continental countries was higher than the global average but was not as high as some other regions. Countries with greater numbers of displaced persons had higher prevalence of HBV, with a wide range of prevalence between subpopulations likely reflecting differential uptake, and implementation, of vaccination programs.
ProtWave-VAE: Integrating autoregressive sampling with latent-based inference for data-driven protein design
Authors: Praljak Niksa , Lian Xinran , Ranganathan Rama , Ferguson Andrew L.
Published: April 2023

Deep generative models (DGMs) have shown great success in the understanding of data-driven design of proteins. Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are a popular DGM approach that can learn the correlated patterns of amino acid mutations within a multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of protein sequences and distill this information into a low-dimensional latent space to expose phylogenetic and functional relationships and guide generative protein design. Autoregressive (AR) models are another popular DGM approach that typically lack a low-dimensional latent embedding but do not require training sequences to be aligned into an MSA and enable the design of variable length proteins. In this work, we propose ProtWave-VAE as a novel and lightweight DGM employing an information maximizing VAE with a dilated convolution encoder and autoregressive WaveNet decoder. This architecture blends the strengths of the VAE and AR paradigms in enabling training over unaligned sequence data and the conditional generative design of variable length sequences from an interpretable low-dimensional learned latent space. We evaluate the model’s ability to infer patterns and design rules within alignment-free homologous protein family sequences and to design novel synthetic proteins in four diverse protein families. We show that our model can infer meaningful functional and phylogenetic embeddings within latent spaces and make highly accurate predictions within semi-supervised downstream fitness prediction tasks. In an application to the C-terminal SH3 domain in the Sho1 transmembrane osmosensing receptor in baker’s yeast, we subject ProtWave-VAE designed sequences to experimental gene synthesis and select-seq assays for osmosensing function to show that the model enablesde novogenerative design, conditional C-terminus diversification, and engineering of osmosensing function into SH3 paralogs.
Origin and functional diversification of PAS domain, a ubiquitous intracellular sensor
Authors: Xing Jiawei , Gumerov Vadim M. , Zhulin Igor B.
Published: April 2023

Signal perception is a key function in regulating biological activities and adapting to changing environments. PAS domains are ubiquitous sensors found in diverse receptors in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, but their origins, distribution across the tree of life, and extent of their functional diversity remain unknown. Here, we show that using sequence conservation and structural information it is possible to propose specific and potential functions for a large portion of nearly 3 million PAS domains. Our analysis suggests that PAS domains originated in bacteria and were horizontally transferred to archaea and eukaryotes. We reveal that gas sensing via a heme cofactor evolved independently in several lineages, whereas redox and light sensing via FAD and FMN cofactors have the same origin. The close relatedness of human PAS domains to those in bacteria provides an opportunity for drug design by exploring potential natural ligands and cofactors for bacterial homologs.

Teaser

Signaling domains that originated in bacteria hold a potential as drug targets in humans.
Unbiased discovery of natural sequence variants that influence fungal virulence
Authors: Agustinho Daniel Paiva , Brown Holly Leanne , Chen Guohua , Brent Michael Richard , Doering Tamara Lea
Published: April 2023

Isolates ofCryptococcus neoformans, a fungal pathogen that kills over 120,000 people each year, differ from a 19-megabase reference genome at a few thousand up to almost a million DNA sequence positions. We used bulked segregant analysis and association analysis, genetic methods that require no prior knowledge of sequence function, to address the key question of which naturally occurring sequence variants influence fungal virulence. We identified a region containing such variants, prioritized them, and engineered strains to test our findings in a mouse model of infection. At one locus we identified a 4-nt variant in thePDE2gene, which severely truncates its phosphodiesterase product and significantly alters virulence. Our studies demonstrate a powerful and unbiased strategy for identifying key genomic regions in the absence of prior information, suggest revisions to current assumptions about cAMP levels and about common laboratory strains, and provide significant sequence and strain resources to the community.
DeepComBat: A Statistically Motivated, Hyperparameter-Robust, Deep Learning Approach to Harmonization of Neuroimaging Data
Authors: Hu Fengling , Lucas Alfredo , Chen Andrew A. , Coleman Kyle , Horng Hannah , Ng Raymond W.S. , Tustison Nicholas J. , Davis Kathryn A. , Shou Haochang , Li Mingyao , Shinohara Russell T. ,   The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2023

Neuroimaging data from multiple batches (i.e. acquisition sites, scanner manufacturer, datasets, etc.) are increasingly necessary to gain new insights into the human brain. However, multi-batch data, as well as extracted radiomic features, exhibit pronounced technical artifacts across batches. These batch effects introduce confounding into the data and can obscure biological effects of interest, decreasing the generalizability and reproducibility of findings. This is especially true when multi-batch data is used alongside complex downstream analysis models, such as machine learning methods. Image harmonization methods seeking to remove these batch effects are important for mitigating these issues; however, significant multivariate batch effects remain in the data following harmonization by current state-of-the-art statistical and deep learning methods. We present DeepCombat, a deep learning harmonization method based on a conditional variational autoencoder architecture and the ComBat harmonization model. DeepCombat learns and removes subject-level batch effects by accounting for the multivariate relationships between features. Additionally, DeepComBat relaxes a number of strong assumptions commonly made by previous deep learning harmonization methods and is empirically robust across a wide range of hyperparameter choices. We apply this method to neuroimaging data from a large cognitive-aging cohort and find that DeepCombat outperforms existing methods, as assessed by a battery of machine learning methods, in removing scanner effects from cortical thickness measurements while preserving biological heterogeneity. Additionally, DeepComBat provides a new perspective for statistically-motivated deep learning harmonization methods.
Neoliberalism and New Public Management: decision-making and accountability in a public–private partnership
Authors: McDonald-Kerr Lachlan , Boyce Gordon
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate public disclosures and accountability for government decision-making in the case of a major prison project delivered through a Public–Private Partnership (PPP) in the State of Victoria (Australia).

Design/methodology/approach

The study explores a unique case to provide insights into public disclosures for PPPs in a jurisdiction that is a recognised leader in PPP policy and practice. The analysis is theoretically framed by an understanding of neoliberalism and New Public Management, and draws on data from case-specific reporting, media reporting and public policy, to examine interconnections between accounting, public discourse and accountability.

Findings

The analysis shows how publicly available information relating to key government decisions routinely lacked supporting evidence or explanation, even though areas of subjectivity were recognised in public policy. Accounting was deployed numerically and discursively to present potentially contestable decisions as being based on common-sense “facts”. The implied “truth” status of government reporting is problematised by media disclosure of key issues absent from government disclosures.

Social implications

Under neoliberalism, accountingisation can help depoliticise the public sphere and limit discourse by constructing ostensible “facts” in an inherently contestable arena. By contrast, democratic accountability requires public disclosures that infuse a critical dialogical public sphere.

Originality/value

The paper shows how neoliberalism can be embedded in public policies and institutional practices, and buttressed by the use of accounting. The analysis illuminates the persistence and “failing forward” character of neoliberalism, whereby crises are addressed through further neoliberalisation.
Scuba diving tourism and the challenge of sustainability: evidence from an explorative study in North African-Mediterranean countries
Authors: Cavallini Iacopo , Marzo Daniela , Scaccia Luisa , Scipioni Sara , Niccolini Federico
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Scuba diving tourism is reputed to be a potential low-impact recreational activity that allow environmental conservation and socioeconomic benefits for local communities. Few studies have addressed the issue of sustainability of scuba diving tourism through the simultaneously investigation on the economic and socio-cultural aspects and its implications for tourism development. This study aims to examine the scuba diving tourism in three under-explored North African tourism destinations with high ecotourist potential. The authors present an exploratory picture of scuba diving tourist demand, divers' preferences, motivations for recreational diving experiences and their propensity towards conservation.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors developed a case study research strategy collecting profile data on 123 divers. Furthermore, regression analysis was performed to investigate the divers' preferences, motivations and propensity towards conservation.

Findings

The divers' limited number, the presence of mainly local seasonal tourists and a moderate propensity towards conservation influence the potential of the diving tourism segment to generate significant socioeconomic benefits for local sustainable development in these destinations. However, establishing a marine protected area (MPA) could foster the development of a long-term strategy for scuba diving tourism, improve conservation awareness and increase divers' satisfaction.

Practical implications

Diverse profiles, preferences and motivations can provide tools to sustainably manage and preserve coastal and marine biodiversity, while also maximising the quality of the recreational experience. One of the most effective site-based strategies to orient the diving sector towards sustainability involves the design and strengthening of MPAs.

Originality/value

The research provides an original contribution to the debate on sustainable tourism strategies by demonstrating how the study of economic and socio-cultural aspects of scuba diving could provide guidelines to orient the tourism development of marine and coastal areas towards the principles of sustainability (also through the establishment of MPAs). The findings present an overview of the sustainability of the scuba diving tourism segment by investigating the preferences, motivations and inclination towards conservation among tourists for whom the diving experience is not a core holiday activity.
Utilizing the push–pull–mooring framework to explore university teachers' intention to switch from traditional classrooms to smart classrooms in China
Authors: Zhu Zhangxiang , Peng Zihui , Yang Kening
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study explores the factors that promote university teachers' switching intention from a traditional classroom to a smart classroom based on the push–pull–mooring (PPM) framework to enrich the theoretical research on the smart classroom and provide a reference for smart classroom promotion.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed conceptual framework was developed from a comprehensive review of the related literature. This study tested and validated the proposed framework using a partial least square structural equation model based on 269 valid questionnaires.

Findings

(1) Perceived inefficiency, inquiry-based learning, future expectation and technical self-efficacy had significant effects on switching intention, while low participation, perceived usefulness and habit had no significant effects on university teachers’ switching intention in the smart classroom. (2) In the process of decision-making, the course category significantly moderates the impact of perceived inefficiency and technical self-efficacy on switching intention, while the user experience of smart classrooms significantly moderates the impact of perceived inefficiency on switching intention.

Originality/value

This study explains university teachers' switching intention from a traditional classroom to the smart classroom, which enriches the application area of the PPM framework.
The effectiveness of the Bisindo-based rational emotive behavior therapy model in reducing social anxiety in deaf women victims of sexual harassment
Authors: Marlina Marlina , Mahdi Arisul , Karneli Yeni
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Social anxiety disorder is a common phenomenon that occurs in everyone with varying degrees, ranging from mild to severe. One of the causes of social anxiety disorder is a traumatic experience due to sexual harassment that has been experienced. In deaf women, this experience is made more difficult because of the language and speech limitations shared. As a result, irrational thoughts and beliefs arise for the victim. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the Bisindo-based rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) model in reducing social anxiety in deaf women who are victims of sexual harassment.

Design/methodology/approach

The research method uses single-subject research with multiple baselines across subjects. The research subjects were deaf women victims of sexual harassment who the National Government Organization Woman Crises Center in West Sumatra and the Association of Indonesian Special Education Professionals identified. Data were collected by observation and social anxiety scale and analyzed by graphical visual analysis.

Findings

The results showed that the Bisindo-based REBT was effective in reducing social anxiety in deaf women who were victims of sexual harassment.

Research limitations/implications

The implementation of therapy in this study involved therapists, teachers and sign language interpreters. It requires extraordinary time and effort for the subjects to be able to reveal the sexual harassment they experienced. Furthermore, the small number of subjects meant that the results of this study could not be generalized widely. Therefore, this study has implications for future researchers to conduct experiments using the Bisindo-based REBT model on more subjects.

Practical implications

Practically, the results of this study have implications for a model for handling cases of sexual harassment in deaf women that can be used by women’s organizations and the Indonesian Association of Women with Disabilities.

Originality/value

It is recommended for counselors, psychologists and therapists to use the Bisindo-based REBT in dealing with cases of sexual harassment in deaf women because therapy that follows the characteristics of the victim’s language can help them to get the expected results.
Service encounter and value co-creation in fundraising activities at the NPO sector
Authors: Klafke Renata , Barrios Andrés , Didonet Simone Regina
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Fundraising plays a critical role in the success of non-profit organizations (hereafter NPOs). This study aims to propose to analyze fundraising from a service-dominant logic, specifically from a service ecosystem approach, to understand the different entities and interactions involved in this activity, as well as the types of value that emerge from them.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-case study was developed using three health-care Brazilian NPOs. Data collection methods were performed to build each case, including observation of NPOs’ telemarketing staff interaction with donors and long interviews with their marketing managers. Data analysis involved applying the service ecosystem framework to each NPO and contrasting them.

Findings

First, the findings revealed the way in which religious, political and child-rearing institutions integrate into citizenship ideals that permeate both NPOs’ and donors’ attitudes and behaviors. Second, five different fundraising interactions (emotional, religious, political, influencer and empathetic) in which NPOs and donors pool their resources to co-create value are presented. Third, how the outcomes of fundraising interactions manifest for NPOs in the form of financial (money and time) and social value (social legitimation) and for teleworkers and donors in the form of emotional value (joy and relatedness) are identified.

Originality/value

This paper used a service ecosystem approach to analyze a new service context “fundraising,” which has been scarcely discussed in the literature. The findings show how macro-level institutions work together for fundraising. Five different fundraising interactions were identified, linking the communication with the service experience literature. Finally, the findings identify fundraising’s different value outcomes extending traditional approaches for evaluating this activity.
Make me happy, make it credible – the effect of CSR message framing on online brand engagement
Authors: Cordero-Gutiérrez Rebeca , Aljarah Ahmad , López Manuela , Lahuerta-Otero Eva
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The objective of this study is to investigate the differential impact of gain versus loss message framing on the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility (CSR) communications in eliciting online brand engagement within the hospitality industry. Furthermore, this research aims to examine the extent to which evoked happiness and message credibility mediate the relationship between CSR message framing and online brand engagement, as these mediating factors have not been thoroughly examined in the existing academic literature.

Design/methodology/approach

This study utilizes a between-subjects experimental design to test an integrative research framework, which is grounded in message framing theory and the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), in order to examine the interrelationships among the various constructs of the study within a coffee shop context on Facebook.

Findings

The findings of this study indicate that gain framing is a more powerful predictor of online brand engagement than loss framing. A mediation analysis supports the assertion that the effects of CSR framing communications on online brand engagement are mediated by evoked happiness and message credibility. Specifically, when the CSR message was framed in a positive (gain) manner, it was perceived as more credible and evoked more happiness, leading to increased online brand engagement. Additionally, the study’s results provide empirical evidence for the notion that the happiness elicited by brand messages enhances their credibility, leading to further online brand engagement.

Originality/value

This research makes a novel contribution to the literature by investigating the distinct effects of message framing on online brand advocacy and examining the complex interrelationships that modulate consumer engagement within the context of the hospitality industry.
Contrasting demographic responses to size‐selective harvesting among neighbouring wild fish populations
Authors: Matte Jean‐Michel O. , Glaser Dylan M. , Post John R. , Fraser Dylan J.
Published: April 2023

Sustainable harvesting of wild populations relies on evidence‐based knowledge to predict harvesting outcomes for species and the ecosystems they inhabit. Although harvesting may elicit compensatory density‐dependence, it is generally size‐selective, which induces additional pressures that are challenging to forecast. Furthermore, responses to harvest may be population‐specific and whether generalizable patterns exist remains unclear.

Taking advantage of Parks Canada's mandate to remove introduced brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis to restore alpine lakes in Canadian parks, we experimentally applied standardized size‐selective harvesting rates (the largest ~64% annually) for three consecutive summers in five populations with different initial size structures. Four unharvested populations were used as controls.

At reduced densities, harvested and control populations exhibited similar density‐dependent increases in specific growth, juvenile survival and earlier maturation. However, size‐selective harvesting simultaneously induced changes to size and age structure that contrasted among harvested populations. Average body length decreased in three of five harvested populations, whereas it tended to increase in control populations over the 3 years. We also detected contrasting, population‐specific changes in body length variability and ultimately in length‐ and age‐at‐harvest in harvested populations but not controls.

Overall, populations with smaller, more homogeneous body sizes, and living at high densities were most resilient to size‐selective harvesting, exhibiting the smallest change in size‐at‐age. In contrast, large‐bodied populations exhibited more substantial size‐structure changes following selective harvesting: large‐bodied populations experienced either stabilizing or disruptive pressures, when initial length variability was high or low, respectively.

Synthesis and application. Our results show that within species, size‐selective harvesting inherently leads to more risk and uncertainty when harvesting populations with larger and more varied body sizes than smaller‐bodied populations with less range in body size. Our study supports prioritizing regulations that protect harvested populations with larger and more varied body sizes. Such a management strategy would reduce the likelihood of eliciting unpredictable or undesirable demographic changes to fish populations with these attributes.
‘Tearing Off the Bonds’: Suffrage Visual Culture in Australia, New Zealand and the USA, 1890–1920
Authors: Stevenson Ana
Published: April 2023

This article will examine how transpacific suffrage visual culture imagined and reimagined an artistic tradition centred around the figure of the bound woman. White suffragists and anti‐suffragists in Australia, New Zealand and the United States used the iconography of bonds, chains and whips to mediate the possibility of women’s enfranchisement. Haunted by the legacies of settler colonialism, suffrage cartoons directly and obliquely evoked the spectre of chattel slavery, convict transportation and incarceration alongside the elusive ideals of humanitarian reform. While anti‐suffrage cartoons lamented the prospect of women’s enfranchisement, pro‐suffrage cartoons appropriated this iconography primarily for the benefit of white women.
Preparation of lemon essential oil nanoemulsion and its effect on the microbial community of pork patties
Authors: Zou Bo , Shao Chuyao , Shao Lele , Zhao Yijie , Dai Ruitong , Liu Yi
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study was to prepare an essential oil nanoemulsion and apply it to meat products to achieve antimicrobial effect. The nanoemulsion of lemon essential oil was produced by high power ultrasonication. The influences of ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, and mass ratio of sodium caseinate to essential oil on the particle size were examined. The optimal conditions for preparing nanoemulsion were ultrasonic power 327 W, ultrasonic time 18 min, and sodium caseinate to essential oil mass ratio 4.23:1. Lower temperature was more conducive to the preservation of nanoemulsion. Compared to control and essential oil group, the nanoemulsion could decrease the total volatile basic nitrogen content and total bacterial colony in pork patties. When applied to pork patties, the nanoemulsion decreased the microbial diversity and inhibited the growth of a variety of microorganisms such as Bacillus, extending the storage time of pork patties. This study developed a novel and workable nanoemulsion for inhibiting bacteria of meat products.
Use of basal insulin in the management of adults with type 2 diabetes: An Asia‐Pacific evidence‐based clinical practice guideline
Authors: Ji Linong , Luo Yingying , Bee Yong Mong , Xia Jun , Nguyen Khue Thy , Zhao Weigang , Chen Liming , Chan Siew Pheng , Deerochanawong Chaicharn , Lim Soo , Yabe Daisuke , McGill Margaret , Suastika Ketut , Li Xiaoying , Kong Alice Pik Shan , Chen Wei , Zhao Zhan , Xu Chenchen , Deodat Marisa , Yao Xiaomei
Published: April 2023

The objective of this study was to provide recommendations regarding effectiveness, safety, optimal starting dose, optimal maintenance dose range, and target fasting plasma glucose of five basal insulins (glargine U‐300, degludec U‐100, glargine U‐100, detemir, and insulin protamine Hagedorn) in insulin‐naïve adult patients with type 2 diabetes in the Asia‐Pacific region. Based on evidence from a systematic review, we developed an Asia‐Pacific clinical practice guideline through comprehensive internal review and external review processes. We set up and used clinical thresholds of trivial, small, moderate, and large effects for different critical and important outcomes in the overall certainty of evidence assessment and balancing the magnitude of intervention effects when making recommendations, following GRADE methods (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation). The AGREE (Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation) and RIGHT (Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in HealThcare) guideline reporting checklists were complied with. After the second‐round vote by the working group members, all the recommendations and qualifying statements reached over 75% agreement rates. Among 44 contacted external reviewers, we received 33 clinicians' and one patient's comments. The overall response rate was 77%. To solve the four research questions, we made two strong recommendations, six conditional recommendations, and two qualifying statements. Although the intended users of this guideline focused on clinicians in the Asia‐Pacific region, the eligible evidence was based on recent English publications. We believe that the recommendations and the clinical thresholds set up in the guideline can be references for clinicians who take care of patients with type 2 diabetes worldwide.
An unusual manifestation in a pediatric patient with MAFB mutation: Sacroiliitis in multicentric carpotarsal osteolysis syndrome
Authors: Kisla Ekinci Rabia Miray , Ozalp Ozge , Anlas Ozlem , Atmis Bahriye , Ata Aysun , Balci Sibel
Published: April 2023

Multicentric carpotarsal osteolysis (MCTO) syndrome, is typically characterized by progressive bone resorption in especially carpal and tarsal bones, in addition to abnormal facial appearance and proteinuria. This disorder is caused by monoallelic pathogenic MAFB mutations, which result in excessive osteoclastogenesis via aberrant receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand activation. Most cases are sporadic with de‐novo mutations, and it is still unclear why carpal and tarsal bones are predominantly affected. The early phases of MCTO resemble juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with ankle and wrist swelling and pain, even with inflammatory changes in magnetic resonance imaging. Herein we report a pediatric patient, previously treated with antirheumatic drugs, and eventually diagnosed with MCTO. This case was a descriptive case with exophthalmos, significant proteinuria, and total loss of carpal and tarsal bones at the time of genetic diagnosis. Similar to the literature, our case had typical radiological findings despite methotrexate and anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐alpha treatment. However, while arthritis affecting joints other than wrists and ankles has not been reported so far in the literature, our case had bilateral sacroiliitis which completely resolved after adalimumab treatment. We cannot be sure if sacroiliitis was incidental or occurred as a component of the disease, nonetheless, we think that sharing our experience may lead to easy and early recognition of MCTO, with more knowledge on rare manifestations of MCTO, and thus we may be able to clarify the benefits of denosumab, which is the most promising agent in early phases of the disease.
Who is the convict; COVID‐19 or corticosteroid? Late onset avascular necrosis of hips after COVID‐19. A case report with literature review
Authors: Nejadhosseinian Mohammad , Haerian Hoda , Tabatabaie Nejad Marzie , Sadeghi Kourosh , Aghaghazvini Leila , Alikhani Majid , Loghman Maryam , Faezi Seyedeh Tahrerh
Published: April 2023

Aim

Avascular necrosis (AVN) or osteonecrosis is characterized by death of bone tissue due to endothelial damage and vascular abnormality. Coronavirus can induce endothelial damage and abnormal blood clotting, so that COVID‐19 is known as a vascular disease. We aim to evaluate the relationship between AVN and COVID‐19.

Case

Here we present a 39‐year old man with severe COVID‐19 and corticosteroid consumption who developed late onset AVN of both hips 20 month after COVID‐19.

Conclusion

An awareness of the possible osteonecrosis for all physicians dealing with patients with musculoskeletal problems following COVID‐19 is necessary.
Safety of the pulmonary embolism rule‐out criteria rule: Findings from the Registro Informatizado de la Enfermedad TromboEmbolica venosa (RIETE) registry
Authors: Truong Perrine , Mazzolai Lucia , Font Carme , Ciammaichella Maurizio , González‐Martínez José , Tufano Antonella , Gavín‐Sebastián Olga , Le Mao Raphael , Monreal Manuel , Hugli Olivier ,   the RIETE Investigators
Published: April 2023

Background

The diagnostic strategy for pulmonary embolism (PE) includes a D‐dimer test when PE probability is low or intermediate, but false‐positive D‐dimer results are frequent and can result in an unnecessary computed tomography pulmonary angiogram. The PE rule‐out criteria (PERC) rule excludes PE without D‐dimer testing when pretest probability is <15%. The aim of this study was to assess the safety of the PERC rule strategy in patients included in the Registro Informatizado de la Enfermedad TromboEmbolica venosa (RIETE) registry.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study used data from the RIETE registry, an ongoing, international prospective registry of patients with objectively confirmed venous thromboembolism. The primary outcome was the failure rate of the PERC strategy, represented by the proportion of PERC‐negative (PERC‐N) patients with a PE included in the registry. Secondary outcomes were a comparison of the clinical characteristics, treatment strategy, and outcome of PERC‐N versus PERC‐positive (PERC‐P) patients at 3 months.

Results

From 2001 to 2021, a total of 49,793 patients with acute PE were enrolled in the RIETE registry. We included 48,903 in the final analysis after exclusion of 890 patients with an undetermined PERC status. Only 346 patients were PERC‐N with a failure rate of 0.7% (95% confidence interval 0.6%–0.8%). PERC‐N patients presented more frequently with chest pain but less often with dyspnea, syncope, or hypotension. They also had subsegmental or segmental PE more frequently, were more often treated with direct oral anticoagulants, and received mechanical or pharmacological thrombolysis less often. In addition, PERC‐N patients had a lower incidence of recurrent deep vein thrombosis, major bleeding, and death attributed to PE during the 3‐month follow‐up.

Conclusions

A low failure rate of the PERC rule was observed in the RIETE registry, thus supporting its use to safely identify patients with an unlikely probability of PE.
Effect of different chelating agents on the shear bond strength of calcium silicate‐based cements to coronal dentin
Authors: Elsayed Mohamed Ahmed , Islam Md Sofiqul , Elbeltagy Karim , Nassar Mohannad
Published: April 2023

We evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine (BD) to coronal dentin after treatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), phytic acid (IP6), or etidronic acid (HEDP). Sodium hypochlorite‐treated dentin surfaces were randomly divided into four groups according to conditioning protocol namely, 17% EDTA, 2.5% IP6, 9% HEDP, or distilled water (DS). Specimens were further divided according to the type of cement placed on conditioned dentin and SBS was tested. The results showed that DS/MTA and IP6/MTA groups had the highest values, and there was no significant difference between these two groups. IP6/BD group showed a lower SBS value compared to IP6/MTA; however, this did not reach the level of significance. The BS to dentin was influenced by the type of calcium silicate material and chelating agent. IP6 either improved or maintained the bonding while EDTA and HEDP showed a negative or no influence effect.
Binocular visual function improvement after pars plana vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane
Authors: Dormegny Lea , Foch Maxime , Messerlin Arnaud , Bourcier Tristan , Sauer Arnaud , Gaucher David
Published: April 2023

Purpose

To report binocular visual function changes after pars plana vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane (ERM) and the related outcomes.

Methods

Twenty‐three eyes of 23 patients operated on for ERM were included in a retrospective study. Clinical data, best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity and binocular visual function were assessed pre‐ and 1 and 3 months post‐operatively. Binocular visual function assessment included the evaluation of fusional amplitudes (i.e., vergences) by the synoptophore, far distance stereopsis using polarized glasses and near stereopsis using Randot and TNO tests. Central macular thickness (CMT) was measured on Spectral Domain – Optical Coherence Tomography.

Results

Mean age of the patients was 67 years. Mean BCVA and contrast sensitivity significantly improved post‐operatively at one (p = 0.0006 and p = 0.0022, respectively) and 3 months (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively), while CMT significantly decreased after 1–3 months (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Fusional amplitudes improved after 3 months (p < 0.0001). Far distance and near stereopsis significantly improved after 3 months (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0007 for Randot test, and p < 0.0001 for TNO test, respectively).

Conclusions

Pars plana vitrectomy for ERM surgery leads to an improvement of monocular and binocular visual functions (i.e., binocular fusion, near and far distance stereopsis), within 3 months post‐operatively.
Editorial: safety of topical steroids designed specifically for eosinophilic oesophagitis–new data bring new questions
Authors: Visaggi Pierfrancesco , Savarino Edoardo Vincenzo
Published: April 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Hirano et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17430 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17476
Meta‐analysis: Prevalence of significant or advanced fibrosis in adults with alpha‐1‐antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Huang Daniel Q. , Chan Kai En , Tan Caitlyn , Zeng Rebecca Wenling , Koh Benjamin , Ong Elden Yen Hng , Ong Charlotte Chung Hui , Ong Christen En Ya , Tan Darren J. H. , Lim Wen Hui , Cho Elina , Tan Eunice X. X. , Teng Margaret L. P. , Ng Cheng Han , Nah Benjamin , Lim Mei Chin , Muthiah Mark , Clark Virginia C. , Loomba Rohit
Published: April 2023

Background

The prevalence of liver fibrosis detected by non‐invasive imaging in alpha‐1‐antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency has not been systematically assessed.

Aims

We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the prevalence of significant fibrosis and advanced fibrosis in AAT deficiency based on non‐invasive imaging.

Methods

Medline and Embase electronic databases were searched for studies from inception to 13 November 2022 that provided data for the prevalence of fibrosis in adults with AAT deficiency. A generalised linear mixed model with Clopper–Pearson intervals was used to pool single‐arm outcomes.

Results

Of the 214 records identified, 8 studies were included. Five studies assessed fibrosis using vibration‐controlled transient elastography. The prevalence of significant fibrosis (defined as ≥7.1 kPA) in Z homozygosity, Z heterozygosity and non‐carrier status was 22.10% (five studies, 95% CI: 17.07–28.12), 9.24% (three studies, 95% CI: 4.68–17.45) and 5.38% (one study, 95% CI: 3.27–8.73), respectively, p < 0.0001, and the prevalence of advanced fibrosis (defined as ≥9.5 kPa) was 8.13% (five studies, 95% CI: 4.60–13.96), 2.96% (three studies, 95% CI: 1.49–5.81) and 1.08% (one study, 95% CI: 0.35–3.28), respectively, p = 0.003. There were limited data regarding the use of magnetic resonance elastography or acoustic radiation force impulse to assess for fibrosis.

Conclusion

More than one in five adult individuals with AAT deficiency and Z homozygosity harbour significant fibrosis, and nearly 1 in 10 harbours advanced fibrosis. The risk of fibrosis increases incrementally with the frequency of Pi*Z mutations.