bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENERIMAAN ANGGOTA PASKIBRA SMA TUGIB DEPOK MENGGUNAKAN METODE SAW
Authors: Milasari Suci , Himawan Imam , Lina Ika Mei
Published: February 2024

Paskibra SMA TUGIB merupakan sebuah ekstrakulikuler yang paling populer di SMA TUGIB. Banyaknya peminat yang ingin menjadi anggota paskibra membutuhkan seleksi yang ketat untuk mendapatkan hasil yang berkualitas.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membangun sistem pendukung keputusan seleksi paskibra SMA Tugu Ibu (Tugib) Depok agar membantu panitia dalam meningkatkan kinerja dan efesiensi waktu pengerjaan serta pelayanan informasi kepada peserta lebih jelas. Untuk merancang sebuah sistem pemrograman menggunakan Java dengan software NetBeans IDE 8.2 sebagai alat pengembangan, yang akan ssdigunakan untuk mengembangkan aplikasi penerimaan anggota paskibra. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Simple Additive Weighting (SAW). Metode SAW ini dilakukan dengan mencari penjumlahan terbobot dari rating kinerja setiap alternatif  untuk semua kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Sistem ini dirancang untuk mengolah data calon anggota, menganalisis kriteria dan proses perhitungan seleksi, serta memberikan hasil akhir sebuah perankingan untuk memilih calon anggota yang terbaik. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, didapatkan bahwa Sistem Pendukung Keputusan dengan menggunakan metode SAW dapat membantu proses penerimaan calon anggota paskibra SMA TUGIB.
SOLUSI SIMBOLIS DAN VISUALISASI PENDULUM PEGAS MENGGUNAKAN LIBRARY SYMPY DI PYTHON
Authors: Huda Didik Nur , Handayani Santy
Published: February 2024

Pendulum pegas merupakan sistem mekanika klasik. Solusi persamaan pendulum pegas akan rumit jika tanpa perangkat komputasi. Persamaan Euler-Lagrange yang mengendalikan gerak pendulum pegas merupakan sistem persamaan diferensial orde dua. Penyelesaian Persamaan Euler-Lagrange sangat kompleks jika dilakukan manual dengan tulisan tangan. Solusi persamaan Euler-Lagrange secara simbolis dapat menggunakan Library SymPy 1.6.2 di Phyton dibandingkan dengan analisis manual. Solusi tersebut selanjutnya dibuat animasi untuk visualisasi gerak pendulum pegas. Penurunan dengan Library SymPy sudah cocok dengan penurunan manual yaitu  dan , serta visualisasi juga sudah sesuai harapan.
PENERAPAN SISTEM INFORMASI INVENTORY PERANGKAT DAN SOFTWARE LISENSI DI PT SKK MENGGUNAKAN METODE PIECES
Authors: Restiawan Adi , Abadi Laksana Priyo , Lestari Mei
Published: February 2024

Sistem Inventory merupakan suatu sistem yang digunakan   untuk mengetahui persediaan stock barang serta pencatatan barang keluar masuk pada suatu tempat. ). PT SKK merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang penyedia aplikasi teknologi sistem informasi. Pastinya untuk perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang IT memiliki banyak inventory baik itu hardware maupun software lisensi. Kendala yang di hadapi PT SKK saat ini merupakan belum adanya sistem informasi inventory yang memadai untuk merangkap dan mengetahui informasi mengenai berapa barang yang dimiliki, dimana lokasi barang dan barang digunakan oleh siapa karena sistem yang di pakai PT SKK sekarang masih menggunakan sistem manual, sehingga akan membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk melakukan pengecekan ulang apabila terjadi kendala terhadap hardware maupun software lisensi yang dimiliki . Agar dapat membuat sistem dengan performa yang baik, keamanan yang terjamin, efisiensi  dalam penggunaan, user friendly dan penghematan dalam anggaran dengan ini penelitian menggunakan metode pieces dalam pengolahan data. Berdasarkan  perancangan sistem diatas, pihak PT SKK dengan mudah dapat melihat stok barang dan mengetahui permintaan barang yang dibutuhkan oleh karyawan melalui sistem yang telah dirancang.
KLASIFIKASI TERUMBU KARANG MENGGUNAKAN CNN MOBILENET
Authors: Hadi Heru Pramono , Rachmawanto Eko Hari , Sari Christy Atika
Published: February 2024

Terumbu karang merupakan bagian dari ekosistem laut yang indah, namun dibalik keindahan tersebut, terumbu karang juga rentan akan kerusakan ekosistem yang terjadi, yang dimana dapat disebabkan oleh terumbu karang rentan mengalami pemutihan oleh aktivitas yang terjadi di sekitar ekosistem terumbu karang tersebut. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan proses klasifikasi atau pemilahan antara terumbu karang yang terkena pemutihan, sehat ataupun mati sehingga dapat diambil suatu tindakan konservatif yang tidak merusak ekosistem terumbu karang tersebut. Pada penelitian ini, akan dilakukan proses klasifikasi terumbu karang dengan menggunakan metode transfer learning Convolutional Neural Network yaitu dengan arsitektur MobileNet. Dalam proses penelitian ini, akan menggunakan dataset yang berjumlah total 1582 data citra terumbu karang yang memiliki 3 kelas utama dengan sebaran data yaitu 720 data bleached, 150 data dead dan 712 data healthy. Hasil yang didapatkan setelah dilakukannya proses pengujian pada penelitian ini yaitu arsitektur MobileNet mendapatkan akurasi pengujian yaitu sebesar 88%.
SISTEM PENUNJANG KEPUTUSAN PENGGUNAAN MOBIL KANTOR UNTUK MENUNJANG OPERASIONAL DENGAN METODE SAW
Authors: Pamungkas Saptono Adi , Himawan Imam , Rosdiana Rosdiana
Published: February 2024

Pada saat ini sistem aplikasi sangat berpengaruh disegala bidang kehidupan baik dibidang politik, pendidikan, maupun ekonomi, khususnya dibidang peminjaman kendaraan operasional perusahaan. Tetapi dalam kenyataan masih banyak ditemukan perusahaan yang masih menerapkan metode manual dan sistem manajemen dan administrasinya. Sehingga kesiapan untuk melayani kebutuhan para karyawan belum maksimal dan menyulitkan dalam pengontrolan data dan pembuatan laporan kepada pimpinan. Untuk menghasilkan mutu informasi yang baik, serta secara akurat dalam memperbaiki kesalahan-kesalahan yang sedang terjadi dalam pekerjaan dengan sistem yang manual, maka perusahaan membutuhkan suatu sistem komputer yang dapat membantu kinerja serta mengefesiensikan berbagai sumber daya seperti waktu dan semua sumber daya. Penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa proses peminjaman kendaraan operasional dalam pencatatannya masih manual dengan media kertas dan sering terjadi human error, kemudian kesulitan dalam memprioritaskan karyawan yang dapat meminjam kendaraan operasional terlebih dahulu dikarenakan tidak ada nya kriteria-kriteria yang dapat menunjang proses tersebut. Pelaporan peminjaman kendaraan operasional kepada pimpinan pun terkadang sering mengalami keterlambatan karena masih dilakukan secara manual. Dengan kondisi seperti ini dibutuhkan sistem penunjang keputusan dengan metode SAW dalam mengatasi permasalahan yang ada di PT Supraco Daya Wisesa.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENILAIAN PEGAWAI TERBAIK PADA DESA RINGIN HARJO DENGAN METODE PROFILE MATCHING BERBASIS JAVA
Authors: Satria M. Kurniawan Ade , Khotijah Siti , Astuti Siwi Puji
Published: February 2024

Kesulitan yang dihadapi dalam memilih pegawai yang terbaik pada Desa Ringin Harjo, dimana saat ini untuk proses pemilihan masih menggunakan proses tradisional dan belum terkomputerisasi mengakibatkan keputusan yang diambil tidak akurat dan membutuhkan waktu yang lama dalam pengambilan keputusan untuk memutuskan pegawai yang terbaik. Oleh karena itu maka penelitian ini  bertujuan untuk memberikan sistem pendukung keputusan untuk memilih pegawai yang terbaik di Desa Ringin Harjo dengan menggunakan metode profile matching yang berbasiskan java. Penggunaan metode profile matching didalam penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa kriteria kriteria yang menunjang dalam pengambilan keputusan yang diharapkan hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah aplikasi yang membantu dalam proses pengambilan keputusan yang terkait dengan pemilihan pegawai yang terbaik, sehingga mendapatkan penilaian yang cepat, efisien serta objektif. Dalam perancangannya sistem ini menggunakan java sebagai program aplikasinya serta Xampp sebagai database-nya. Alat yang digunakan dalam membantu dalam penelitian ini adalah Unified Modeling Language (UML) yaitu use case diagram dan class diagram.
PENERAPAN SISTEM PEMILIHAN KETUA ORGANISASI KARANG TARUNA MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS
Authors: Fikri Muhamad , Himawan Imam , Rosdiana Rosdiana
Published: February 2024

Organisasi merupakan wadah bagi sekelompok orang yang bekerja secara terkoordinasi untuk mencapai tujuan bersama  Dalam suatu organisasi terdapat tugas-tugas yang harus dikoordinasikan sehingga dapat mewujudkan tujuan dari organisasi yang telah dibentuk. Setiap organisasi apapun jenisnya membutuhkan aplikasi manajemen dalam mengelolah tugas serta sumber daya yang dimiliki atau biasa disebut Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK) untuk memprioritaskan anggotanya untuk menentukan calon ketua yang mereka inginkan dan cocok untuk dijadikan ketua organisasi karang taruna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun sebuah sistem pendukung keputusan yang mempunyai kemampuan analisa dalam pemilihan ketua organisasi karang taruna dengan menggunakan metode Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat efisiensi dari penggunaan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan dalam pemilihan ketua karang taruna RT 007 RW 01, Kelurahan Kalisari. Aplikasi sistem pendukung keputusan ini bersifat dinamis terhadap penentuan bobot kriteria serta nilai kriteria, sehingga dapat disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan Karang Taruna RT 007 RW 01 Kelurahan Kalisari.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE TOPSIS DALAM PEMILIHAN PENGEMUDI TELADAN DI PT BLUEBIRD
Authors: Kristianto Timotius Ade , Suwela Nandang , Wulandari Septian
Published: February 2024

PT Bluebird adalah salah satu perusahaan transportasi terbesar dan paling terpercaya di Indonesia yang terkenal dengan layanan taksi berkualitas tinggi. Salah satu faktor kunci dalam kesuksesan perusahaan ini adalah kualitas pengemudinya. PT Bluebird menyadari bahwa kualitas pengemudi sangatlah penting untuk menghadapi persaingan yang semakin ketat dan pengemudi merupakan kunci keberhasilan dalam industri transportasi. PT Bluebird menghadapi beberapa masalah dalam hal ini yaitu subjektivitas dalam proses pemilihan pengemudi yang bisa menyebabkan penilaian menjadi tidak objektif, pengambilan keputusan yang rumit dalam pemilihan pengemudi dan pengelolaan data yang tidak efisien. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah meningkatkan efisiensi, obyektivitas, dan kualitas pemilihan pengemudi teladan. Penulis memberikan solusi dengan mengimplementasikan metode TOPSIS sebagai sistem pendukung keputusan. Metode ini membantu manajemen mempertimbangkan berbagai kriteria seperti kualitas pelayanan, disiplin, pengetahuan rute, dan catatan kinerja sebelumnya. Metode TOPSIS diimplementasikan untuk merangking pengemudi berdasarkan skor preferensi kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan manfaat dalam hal peningkatan efisiensi dan obyektivitas dalam pemilihan pengemudi teladan.
CUSTOS DIRETOS COM FERIDAS CRÔNICAS EM SERVIÇO AMBULATORIAL DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE PÚBLICA NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO
Authors: De Sousa Francisca Clarisse , Leite Sampaio Luis Rafael , Gadelha Naftale Alves dos Santos , Ribeiro Bandeira Paulo Felipe , Pires Dantas Tays , Pinheiro Woneska Rodrigues , Vidal Eglidia Carla Figueiredo , Reis Macedo Luis Fernando , Dantas Cavalcante de Abreu Rita Neuma
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar custos diretos com feridas crônicas de pessoas atendidas no ambulatório de enfermagem em estomaterapia de uma universidade pública no nordeste brasileiro. Método: Estudo documental, transversal, coleta de dados sobre materiais para tratamento das feridas, maio a junho de 2020 em 22 prontuários, analisadas pelo JASP (frequências absolutas, relativas, média, desvio padrão e regressão multivariada). Resultados: Maior frequência para mulheres 12(54,5%), 45 a 79 anos, idade média de 59,3, 7(31,81%) possuíam úlceras venosas, tratamentos de maiores custos: laserterapia e hidrofibra com prata. Variável desfecho (R$384,787 reais) e as variáveis independentes (R$ 121,598 cm2 para área da lesão, R$ 11.864 para número de atendimentos e R$ 1,727 para número de feridas). Análise multivariada, custo total apresentou correlação com o número de atendimentos. Conclusão: Frente à avaliação econômica, observou-se predomínio de custo com feridas crônicas em idosos, laserterapia e o uso de penso as intervenções impactantes do custo direto.
Nirmana Motion Graphic Video: Innovation in Learning Design Principles and Elements
Authors: Deny Tri Ardianto  , Arif Ranu Wicaksono  , Sayid Mataram  , RahmanuWidayat
Published: February 2024

The use of technology in education has become increasingly important in facilitating effective learning. However, the lack of diversity and innovation in using technology to develop learning materials poses new challenges for educators. In response, this research aims to develop and test the feasibility of a motion graphic video called Nirmana, which includes learning materials on design elements and principles. The research and development (R&D) process applied the ADDIE model to develop the motion graphic video media. The media testing involved 101 design major students. The data collection used questionnaires, observations, interviews, and documentation, which were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods. The result of this research is a Nirmana motion graphic video with learning materials about the elements and principles of design. The media was field-tested based on student assessment using the mean results per aspect. The assessment criteria included clarity of information and instructions, media attractiveness, usability and accessibility of media, and material arrangement and use of illustrations. The results showed that the Nirmana motion graphic video media received good to excellent scores on all of these assessment criteria. Specifically, the clarity of information and instructions received a good score of 78.7%, the media attractiveness received an excellent score of 81.7%, the usability and accessibility of media received an excellent score of 89.6%, and the material arrangement and use of illustrations received an excellent score of 85.8%. These results indicate that the developed Nirmana motion graphic video media is suitable for use as a design learning media. Furthermore, this research suggests that using technology to develop relevant and innovative learning materials can positively impact student attitudes and interest in learning design.
Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries
Authors: Cologna Viktoria , Mede Niels G. , Berger Sebastian , Besley John C. , Brick Cameron , Joubert Marina , Maibach Edward , Mihelj Sabina , Oreskes Naomi , Schäfer Mike S. , Linden Sander van der
Published: February 2024

Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision-makers act based on the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists. We interrogated these concerns with a pre-registered 68-country survey of 71,922 respondents and find that in most countries, most people trust scientists and agree that scientists should engage more in society and policymaking. We find variations between and within countries, which we explain with individual- and country-level variables, including political orientation. While there is no widespread lack of trust in scientists, we cannot discount the concern that lack of trust in scientists by even a small minority may affect considerations of scientific evidence in policymaking. These findings have implications for scientists and policymakers seeking to maintain and increase trust in scientists.
Open Review of Kawakita et al’s “Is my ‘red’ your ‘red’?” (2023) PsyArVix
Authors: Moharramipour Ali , Lau Hakwan
Published: February 2024

In this ambitious paper, the authors set out to answer a long-standing philosophical question, of whether perceptual experiences are the same across individuals. To do so they assume that the subjective experience of seeing a stimulus can be determined in terms of how perceptually similar it is to other stimuli. So, for a set of stimuli, the similarity structure (or so-called ‘qualia structure’ by the authors) is just the total set of pairwise similarity relations for all the stimuli, as given by ratings made by the subject. Therefore, if two subjects show an identical (or highly similar) similarity structure for a stimulus set, they are considered by the authors to have the same conscious experience in perceiving these stimuli. We discuss a conceptual problem, that the study stipulates the key claims but does not test or prove them. However, we trust that an adequately revised version will be able to address the issue, so that the paper can be reframed as more of a specific technical showcase of an interesting analytic method, without the unsubstantiated philosophical claims about consciousness, ‘qualia’, etc.
Co-Producing an Interdisciplinary, Preventative Mental Health Intervention: Development of the Building Resilience through Socioemotional Training (ReSET) Programme
Authors: Lloyd Alex , Law Roslyn , Midgley Nick , Lucas Laura , Wu Tom , Viding Essi , Fearon Pasco
Published: February 2024

Objective: Adolescence is a developmental period of increased susceptibility to mental health problems. In response to rising rates of psychopathology in this age group, there have been calls to develop new or more effective preventative interventions that might avert the onset or worsening of mental health problems. In this paper, we detail the development process of a new indicated, transdiagnostic intervention for adolescents: Building resilience through socioemotional training (ReSET). Method: The intervention was co-produced with adolescents and included a pilot study. We highlight how feedback from young people and school mental health practitioners significantly altered the structure of the intervention to maximise the programme’s acceptability to adolescents. Further, we highlight unique challenges that arose through integrating the distinct disciplines of psychotherapy and cognitive neuroscience. Results: After outlining the development process, we summarise the resulting intervention that targets transdiagnostic mechanisms implicated in a range of psychopathologies. The intervention involves a unique combination of techniques derived from psychotherapy and cognitive-emotional training adopted from cognitive neuroscience.Discussion: We discuss how ReSET has a unique opportunity to prevent mental health problems in adolescence and outline the full-scale randomised controlled trial, now underway.
Divided attention has limited effects on speech sensorimotor control
Authors: Krakauer Jenna , Naber Chris , Niziolek Caroline A , Parrell Benjamin
Published: February 2024

Purpose: When vowel formants are externally perturbed, speakers change their production to oppose that perturbation both during the ongoing production (compensation) and in future productions (adaptation). To date, attempts to explain the large variability across individuals in these responses have focused on trait-based characteristics such as auditory acuity, but evidence from other motor domains suggests that attention may modulate the motor response to sensory perturbations. Here, we test the extent to which divided attention impacts sensorimotor control for supralaryngeal articulation.Method: Neurobiologically healthy speakers were exposed to random (Experiment 1) or consistent (Experiment 2) real-time auditory perturbation of vowel formants to measure online compensation and trial-to-trial adaptation, respectively. In both experiments, participants completed two conditions: one with a simultaneous visual distractor task to divide attention, and one without this secondary task. Results: Divided visual attention slightly reduced online compensation, but only starting >300 ms after vowel onset, well beyond the typical duration of vowels in speech. Divided attention had no effect on adaptation.Conclusions: The results from both experiments suggest that the use of sensory feedback in typical speech motor control is a largely automatic process unaffected by divided visual attention, suggesting that the source of cross-speakers variability in response to formant perturbations likely lie within the speech production system rather than in higher-level cognitive processes. Methodologically, these results suggest that compensation for formant perturbations should be measured prior to 300ms after vowel onset to avoid any potential impact of attention or other higher-order cognitive factors.
Beyond average outcomes: A latent profile analysis of diverse developmental trajectories in prematurely-born children from the ABCD study
Authors: Menu Iris , Ji Lanxin , Bhatia Tanya , Duffy Mark L , Thomason Moriah E
Published: February 2024

Preterm birth is a significant public health challenge, marked by high prevalence and significant and various effect on developmental health outcomes. The mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity in its individual outcomes are yet to be fully understood. In this study, we applied latent profile analysis to identify diverse neurocognitive trajectories, as measured by the NIH toolbox at age 9-10 years, among 1891 prematurely born children from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study (970 boys, 921 girls; 10.00 ± 0.61 years; 57.0% White, 13.7% Black, 17.5% Hispanic, 1.3% Asian, 10.4% Other). Our findings reveal three distinct neurocognitive profiles: a group consistently performing above the norm (19.7%), a group with mixed scores (41.0%), and a group consistently performing below the norm (39.3%). These profiles were associated with distinct cognitive, structural and functional neural, behavioral, and academic outcomes, persisting 2 years later. Our research underscores the critical need to recognize the diverse developmental trajectories of preterm-born children and inspires pursuit of more person-centered diagnosis and intervention. This shift in approach promises to enhance care strategies and optimize long-term outcomes for this heterogeneous population.
Central Sensitivity Symptoms and Autistic Traits in Autistic and non-Autistic Adults
Authors: Grant Sarah Louise , Hoekstra Rosa , Norton Sam
Published: February 2024

Central sensitivity syndromes (CSS) are a group of related conditions thought to include an underlying sensitisation of the central nervous system. Evidence suggests autistic adults experience more physical health symptoms than the general population and could be more vulnerable to developing CSS. This study examined CSS diagnoses and symptoms in autistic and non-autistic adults, to determine whether CSS symptoms were related to autistic traits, mental health, sensory sensitivity, or gender. Participants included 534 adults with clinical diagnoses of autism, CSS, both conditions or neither, who completed online self-report validated questionnaires. Independent t-tests, ANCOVA, hierarchical regression analysis and path analysis were used to analyse relationships between CSS symptoms, autistic traits, depression, anxiety, sensory sensitivity, age, and gender. Autistic people without a diagnosed CSS reported significantly more CSS symptoms than controls, with a mean score above the clinical cut-off. Non-autistic participants with a CSS had significantly more autistic traits than controls. Autistic people with a diagnosed CSS reported the most sensory sensitivity, with autism only and CSS only groups reporting similar levels of sensory difficulties and all diagnostic groups reporting more sensory sensitivity than controls. Sensory sensitivity, anxiety, autistic traits, age and gender were all significant predictors of CSS symptoms. There appears to be a large crossover between physical health symptoms in autistic people and people with a diagnosed CSS, suggesting there may be diagnostic overshadowing in these populations. Increased awareness of an association between autistic traits and CSS symptoms should inform clinicians and guide diagnostic practice.
Between Sumner and Galton: A Further Look at Albert Galloway Keller’s Sociology
Authors: Fiorito Luca , Erasmo Valentina
Published: February 2024

Largely forgotten today, Albert Galloway Keller was one of the foremost sociologists of his time. A brilliant scholar and a staunch disciple of William Graham Sumner, Keller spent his entire academic career at Yale, first as a student and then as Professor of the Science of Society, the chair formerly held by his mentor. The main coordinates of Keller’s sociology are to be found in his major work, Societal Evolution (1915), where he sought to apply Charles Darwin’s mechanism of variation, selection, and transmission to Sumner’s general scheme. Although Keller gave priority to social variables, his evolutionary sociology retained many elements of the typically Progressive Era preoccupations with heredity and the biological quality of individuals. The aim of this paper is to examine in some detail Keller’s views on eugenics and related issues, and to assess whether and to what extent these biologically deterministic elements played a role in his Darwinian approach to institutional change.
Has a 'lost' portrait of the polymath Robert Hooke (1635-1703) been in London's National Portrait Gallery since 1872?
Authors: WHITTAKER CHRISTOPHER A.
Published: February 2024

No uncontested portrait of the polymath scientist Robert Hooke MA, MD, FRS (1635-1703) has been identified. However, new evidence is presented here that a painting in London’s National Portrait Gallery of an unknown man, formerly known as Isaac Barrow (NPG338) may be a ‘lost’ portrait of Hooke. The work has been hiding in plain sight since it was bought by the Gallery’s Trustees in 1872 from the estate of the ‘father of computing’ Charles Babbage KH, FRS (1791-1871). Robert Hooke had very distinctive features and NPG338 closely resembles highly detailed descriptions of him from two close associates, John Aubrey FRS, and Richard Waller FRS.Further analysis will be presented in a future publication arguing that the artist could have been Mary Beale (1633-1699), who may have painted the portrait at Allbrook, Hampshire, between October 1665 and January 1666. This paper is a preprint that has not yet been peer-reviewed, so findings are provisional and may be subject to change
Madagascar’s burned area from Sentinel-2 imagery (2016–2022): Four times higher than from lower resolution sensors
Authors: Fernández-García Víctor , Franquesa Magí , Kull Christian A.
Published: February 2024

Madagascar is one of the most burned regions in the world, to the point that it has been called the ‘Isle of fire’ or the ‘Burning Island’. An accurate characterization of the burned area (BA) is crucial for understanding the true situation and impacts of fires on this island, where there is an active scientific debate on how fire affects multiple environmental and socioeconomic aspects, and how fire regimes should be in a complex context with differing interests. Despite this, recent advances have revealed that BA in Madagascar is poorly characterised by the currently available global BA products. In this work, we present, validate, and explore a BA database at 20 m spatial resolution for Madagascar covering the period 2016-2022. The database was built based on 75,010 Sentinel-2 images using a two-phase BA detection algorithm. The validation with independent long-term reference units showed Dice coefficients ≥79%, omission errors ≤24%, commission errors ≤18%, and a relative bias ≥-8%. An intercomparison with other available global BA products (GABAM, FireCCI51, C3SBA11, or MCD64) demonstrated that our product (i) exhibits temporal consistency, (ii) represents a significant accuracy improvement, as it reduces BA underestimations by about eightfold, (iii) yields BA estimates four times higher, and (iv) shows enhanced capability in detecting fires of all sizes. The observed BA spatial patterns were heterogeneous across the island, with 32% of the grasslands burning annually, in contrast to other land cover types such as the dense tropical forest where less than 2% burned every year. We conclude that the BA characterization in Madagascar must be addressed using imagery at spatial resolution higher than MODIS or Sentinel-3 (≥250 m), and temporal resolution higher than Landsat (16 days) to deal with cloudiness, the rapid attenuation of burn scars signals, and small fire patches.
The beginning of Cyber-necromancy: Replacing deceased loved ones with AI agents
Authors: Le Tam-Tri , Jin Ruining
Published: February 2024

Grieving the passing of loved ones is a great pain for every person, followed by intense emotional coping. In the modern digital age, artificial intelligence (AI) technology enables more and more immersive real-time interactions with simulations of deceased people based on available data about them. The strong emotional factor of grief can push people to generate demand for such services, leading to attachment issues on personal levels, and markets of “grief tech” on collective levels, whether open or hidden. The growth of such technologies and services may eventually lead to new formal regulations, social norms, and ethical perceptions. This can be the start of the normalization process of “Cyber-necromancy”, which carries major implications for human values in the face of potential digital immortality.
The Informational Role of Party Leader Changes on Voter Perceptions of Party Positions
Authors: Fernandez-Vazquez Pablo , Somer-Topcu Zeynep
Published: February 2024

According to spatial models of elections, citizen perceptions of party policy positions are a key determinant of voting choices. Yet recent scholarship from Europe suggests that voters do not adjust their perceptions according to what parties advocate in their campaigns. This article argues that voters develop a more accurate understanding of parties’ ideological positions following a leadership change because a new leader increases the credibility of party policy offerings. Focusing on Western European parties in the 1979–2012 period, it shows that having a new leader is a necessary condition for voters to more accurately perceive the left–right placements of opposition parties. Voters do not use party platforms to form perceptions of incumbent parties’ positions, regardless of whether the leader is new or veteran. These results have important implications for models of party competition and democratic representation.
WHERE IS CREDIT IN THE PRICE SPECIE FLOW?
Authors: Berdell John , Menudo José M.
Published: February 2024

Standard models of the price specie flow do not consider credit. Yet Hume and preceding authors were reacting to the implosion of Law’s financial bubble. We delineate the anti-credit thesis contained within the evolution of eighteenth century balance of payments analyses. A string of eighteenth century authors argued over whether the balance of payments constituted a binding constraint on credit creation. As part of their analysis they considered how changes in the money supply might alter output, prices, employment, capital, and population. How new money entered the economy was often critical. We start with Law and then consider Melon, Gervaise, Vanderlint, Cantillon, Montesquieu, Hume, Steuart, Forbonnais, and Smith. In closing we pay particular attention to the idea that Hume and Smith effectively displaced preceding, often ‘mercantilist’, analyses of credit and the balance of payments.
Voter discounting of party campaign manifestos: An analysis of mainstream and niche parties in Western Europe, 1971–2011
Authors: Fernandez-Vazquez Pablo
Published: February 2024

Election campaigns are supposed to inform voters about where parties stand on policy issues. Yet campaign promises are not binding, since parties may advocate some policies in the campaign and implement others in office. This article thus analyzes the conditions in which voters believe party platforms. I argue that voters find platforms that can help the party obtain more votes to be less informative about the party’s ideology. This hypothesis is tested with both mainstream and niche parties in Western Europe. The analysis also distinguishes between governing and opposition parties. Empirical evidence for parties in opposition fully supports the argument: For mainstream parties, which have vote-seeking incentives to appear ideologically moderate, voters discount centrist manifestos. With respect to niche parties, which tend to lose support if they moderate, voters discount extreme platforms. Regarding governing parties, this article confirms previous work suggesting that voters disregard the platforms of incumbent parties. These findings have implications for democratic representation, party competition, and electoral volatility.
Choices that matter: Coalition formation and parties' ideological reputations
Authors: Falcó-Gimeno Albert , Fernandez-Vazquez Pablo
Published: February 2024

This paper examines how a party’s decision to enter a coalition government affects voter perceptions of the party’s policy position. We argue that, for the decision to change voter beliefs, it must be at odds with voters’ prior opinions about the party. Specifically, the party must join a coalition that is not the one voters perceive as the ideologically closest option. Otherwise, the party’s action simply confirms voters’ pre-existing beliefs. Hence, whether or not joining a coalition alters voter attitudes depends on the type of alternative coalitions the party could enter. We test the hypothesis using three complementary empirical strategies: a cross-country analysis of party reputations in five coalition-prone European countries, individual panel data, and a quasi- experimental test. All three empirical tests provide support for our claim. This paper contributes to our understanding of voter information processing, coalition politics, and party competition.
Émigré Economists in America: Their Impact and Their Experiences
Authors: Hagemann Harald
Published: February 2024

The essay reflects the experience of the author in participating in HES activities over 37 of its 50 years. The main focus is on scholars who emigrated to the USA in the period of totalitarian regimes in Europe and the influence they exerted in the USA. It is emphasized that many émigrés developed “aerial roots” (Streeten), i.e., they became citizens of the world and thereby carriers of the process of internationalization after World War II. This cosmopolitan spirit also permeated the HES from the beginning when many émigré scholars were still active. It also contributed to the formation of an international network of scholars and societies in the history of economic thought which is flourishing today.
Review of “Money, Debt and Politics: The Bank of Lisbon and the Portuguese Liberal Revolution of 1820” by José Luís Cardoso
Authors: Coutinho Mauricio C.
Published: February 2024

Review of “Money, Debt and Politics: The Bank of Lisbon and the Portuguese Liberal Revolution of 1820” by José Luís Cardoso.
Why was Keynes keen to invest in American but not in British Investment Trusts?
Authors: Marcuzzo Maria Cristina , Sanfilippo Eleonora
Published: February 2024

The literature on Keynes’s activity as an investor has substantially grown in the last decade (e.g. Chambers and Dimson 2013; Accominotti and Chambers 2016; Chambers and Kabiri 2016; Cristiano, Marcuzzo and Sanfilippo 2018; Marcuzzo and Rosselli 2018; Marcuzzo and Sanfilippo 2016; [2020]2022). The contribution of the present paper is to investigate a specific feature of Keynes’s investment activity on his own account: his preference for American rather than British Investment Trusts. While this feature has also been observed in his investments on behalf of King’s College (Chambers and Kabiri 2016), we focus here on his personal portfolio, and we also provide a set of possible explanations for his preference. We maintain that some reasons have to do with the different structure and characteristics of the Investment Trusts in the two countries. Others relate more closely to the kind of investment policy typically adopted by the American Investment Trusts, which was much more in line with Keynes’s own approach to investment - especially as far as the stocks selection is concerned. Finally, we also attribute a role to his epistemological approach, i.e. the view that, although a full and perfect knowledge is not reachable by individuals due to the radical uncertainty characterizing the environment (“we simply don’t know”, Keynes 1937) and to the limitations of the human mind, reliable information remains, however, a guide for rational decision-making, also in financial markets. Following this approach, as we will show, Keynes preferred to delegate his investment choices in the US stock market to those professionals - the managers of the Investment Trusts - who possessed, in his opinion, the wider set of reliable information on that market, while keeping for himself the investment choices in the UK stock market.
Times of Change
Authors: Boumans Marcel , Forget Evelyn
Published: February 2024

A reflection of our experiences as editors of JHET editing issues 31 (1) to 35 (4), balancing our original ambitions and hopes with the resulting articles in these issues. We also reflect on the transitions we have faced during this period.
Labor Unrest, Political Activation and Female Electoral Participation in the 1930s
Authors: Muñoz Jordi , Rodon Toni , Amat Francesc , Boix Carles
Published: February 2024

According to most of the available evidence, women were less likely to turn out than men when they got the right to vote. However, often these figures are based on simple comparisons of turnout rates between the pre and post female enfranchisement elections. Much less is known, however, about the root causes of female political participation upon formal electoral enfranchisement, and the variation in the magnitude of the gender turnout gap. This paper argues that past political experiences before the franchise might be key to understand women’s actual behavior when they got the right to vote. This question is analyzed by exploiting a wave of labour unrest in Catalonia during the 1915-1920 period in the textile sector, prior to the introduction of female suffrage. We have compiled a unique individual level data-set of official registers with individual voting roll-calls as well as other personal characteristics, such as age, address, gender and literacy. We also exploit detailed information on local industry composition and labour conflicts at the local level to investigate the political activation of women and its effects on electoral participation later on.
Reflections on the State of the History of Economics
Authors: Schabas Margaret
Published: February 2024

This short piece celebrates the fifty-year old History of Economics Society. As a professor for the past forty years, I have served on virtually every committee for the HES, as well as its President in 2013-14. I have also served for thirty years on the advisory board for the leading journal in our field, History of Political Economy, and am currently on the editorial boards for both JHET and EJHET. This article records several observations of general trends and patterns, such as the diversification of our subject in terms of nationality and gender, as well as the burgeoning cross-disciplinarity scholarship.
What is Rural Journalism? Occupational Precarity and Social Cohesion in US Rural Journalism Epistemology
Authors: Perreault Mildred F , Walsh Jessica Fargen , Perreault Gregory P , Lincoln Louisa , Mari Ruth Moon
Published: February 2024

Given the recent focus on news poverty and gaps in local journalism, rural journalists would seem to have a challenging job. This study seeks to understand the novel experiences and challenges of journalists who cover rural communities and how they conceptualize their knowledge-building practices. Through the lens of journalistic epistemology, researchers conducted a two-step, in-depth interview procedure with rural U.S. journalists (n =61) to better explore how rural journalists place their knowledge-making in relation to non-rural journalists. Rural journalists identified as being rural in that they practiced in rural communities, but also thought of their knowledge-building as tied intimately to their rural communities.
Review of “The Monetarists: the Making of the Chicago Monetary Tradition, 1927-1960” by George S Tavlas
Authors: Rockoff Hugh
Published: February 2024

Review of “The Monetarists: the Making of the Chicago Monetary Tradition, 1927-1960” by George S Tavlas.
"I Get by With a Little Help From My Friends ...": An Editor’s Retrospective
Authors: Medema Steven G
Published: February 2024

In this article, Steven Medema provides some reflections on his tenure as editor of the Journal of the History of Economic Thought (1999 – 2008). This was a time of significant transition in the life of the journal, and the successful navigation of this period provides an excellent illustration of how much an editor and a journal rely on the assistance and support of both key individuals and the broader community of scholars in the field.
The History of Economics Society Fifty Year Anniversary: Thoughts on my HES Life
Authors: Rutherford Malcolm
Published: February 2024

This paper outlines my own career within the History of Economics Society, my contributions to the society, and its central importance to my research endeavors. It is impossible for me to imagine having the career I have had without the HES, and my own case highlights how the society functioned to mentor and develop my academic career. This mentoring function is, in my view, the society’s most important, and one that has become only more vital in the face of the declining interest in the area within mainstream economics departments in the US, Canada, and the UK.
Review of “Cold War Social Science: Transnational Entanglements” edited by Mark Solovey and Christian Dayé
Authors: Stapleford Thomas
Published: February 2024

Review of “Cold War Social Science: Transnational Entanglements” edited by Mark Solovey and Christian Dayé.
Guiding people to take less food from the buffet: Two survey experiments that illustrate a new simulated buffet scenario
Authors: Greene Danyelle , Grad Gašper , Zinn Anna Kristina , Dolnicar Sara
Published: February 2024

One-fifth of all greenhouse gas emissions are food-related. Hospitality and hotels have a huge food waste problem, with half of the waste these sectors produce being food-related. Plate waste – uneaten food being left behind on plates - is a problem at all-you-can-eat buffets. This type of food waste is easily avoidable. However, people might be overwhelmed by the amount of food available at the buffet and lack guidance on which foods to combine and how much to take. In two online experiments, we developed and evaluated a meal guidance intervention that directs consumers to which foods and how much to take to create one of five meals (e.g., vegan sweet). To measure behaviour intentions indirectly we created a simulated buffet scenario where participants were presented with a range of food items and asked to choose which foods and how many portions of each they would take. Compared to a control group, in the group who received meal guidance combined with an additional message that aimed to reduce perceived effort, the amount of food taken in the simulated buffet scenario was decreased by an average of 138g. The difference is larger when comparing people who followed the provided guidance (completely or partly) to those who did not. Our research has methodological implications – it presents a novel and less direct measure of plate waste intentions. It also has important theoretical and practical implications by demonstrating the potential to change tourist behaviour at the buffet by providing an optional food choice guide.
Coevolution of norm psychology and cooperation through exapted conformity
Authors: Kido Yuta , Takezawa Masanori
Published: February 2024

People willingly follow norms and values, often incurring material costs. This behavior supposedly stems from evolved norm psychology, contributing to large-scale cooperation among humans. It has been argued that cooperation is influenced by two types of norms: injunctive and descriptive. This study theoretically explores the socialization of humans under these norms. Our agent-based model simulates scenarios where diverse agents with heterogeneous norm psychologies engage in collective action to maximize their utility functions that capture three motives: gaining material payoff, following injunctive and descriptive norms. Multilevel selective pressure drives the evolution of norm psychology that affects the utility function. Further, we develop a model with exapted conformity, assuming selective advantage for descriptive norm psychology. We show that norm psychology can evolve via cultural group selection. We then identify two normative conditions that favor the evolution of norm psychology, and therefore cooperation: injunctive norms promoting punitive behavior and descriptive norms. Furthermore, we delineate different characteristics of cooperative societies under these two conditions and explore the potential for a macro transition between them. Together, our results validate the emergence of large-scale cooperative societies through social norms and suggest complementary roles that conformity and punishment play in human prosociality.
Distributed Cognition for Cybersecurity Psychology
Authors: Merilehto Juhani
Published: February 2024

This short paper discusses Cyberpsychology, cybersecurity and distributed cognition, which have significant overlap in their domains. This overlap can be articulated as emerging from the interaction with digital, physical and human elements. Distributed cognition as a theme articulates that cognition happens also in the world, instead of just individual minds. Cognition is thus distributed through social interaction, artefacts and time. The analysis and design of cyber-physical environments forms a critical part of having a holistic approach to cybersecurity, especially countering malicious activity such as social engineering. Models and frameworks are needed to bridge the gap between theories and practice. One useful tool from Cognitive Sciences is the Distributed Cognition for Teamwork (DiCoT) framework. This framework is based on contextual design and is a semi-structured model for applying distributed cognition theory for the analysis and design of teamwork, places of work and interaction. DiCoT framework is seen by the author as a potential tool for use in improving cybersecurity and reflecting cyberpsychology in cyber-physical domains.
Mountains of Evidence: Processual “Redpilling” as a Sociotechnical Effect of Disinformation
Authors: Marwick Alice , Furl Katherine
Published: February 2024

How do people come to believe far-right, extremist, and conspiratorial ideasthey encounter online? This paper examines how participants in primarily US-based far-right online communities describe their adoption of “redpill” beliefsand the role of disinformation in these accounts. Applying the sociotechnicaltheory of media effects, we conduct qualitative content analysis of “redpillingnarratives” gathered from Reddit, Gab, and Discord. While many users frameredpilling as a moment of conversion, others portray redpilling as a process,something achieved incrementally through years of community participationand “doing your own research.” In both cases, disinformation presented asevidence and the capacity to determine the veracity of presented evidence playimportant roles in redpilling oneself and others. By framing their beliefs as therational and logical results of fully considering a plethora of evidence, redpilladherents can justify holding and promoting otherwise indefensible prejudices.The community’s creation, promotion, and repetition of far-rightdisinformation, much of which is historical or “scientific” in nature, play acrucial role in the adoption of far-right beliefs.