bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-person and virtual adaptation of an interprofessional palliative care communications skills training course for pediatric oncology clinicians
Authors: Moody Karen M. , Andersen Clark , Bradley Julie , Draper Lauren , Garrington Timothy , Gill Jonathan , Harrison Douglas , Hayashi Masanori , Heaton Amy , Holladay Cynthia , Lion Alex , Rajan Alakh , Rozo Beatriz , Runco Daniel , Salvador Laura , Ferguson Verna , Arnold Robert
Published: August 2023

Purpose
Effective, empathic communication is crucial for pediatric oncology clinicians when discussing palliative and end-of-life (PC/EOL) care with parents of children with cancer. Unfortunately, many parents report inadequate communication at these distressing times. This study evaluates the communication skills training (CST) clinicians received to deliver a PC/EOL communication intervention as part of a multi-site randomized-controlled trial (RCT).
Methods
Clinicians from eight sites formed dyads (one physician and one nurse [RN] or advanced practice provider [APP]) and were trained over 3 days (in-person or virtually). Training was adapted from VitalTalkTM and included didactic instruction, videos, visual aids, and dedicated time to practice with simulated patients. Study participants completed a confidential, post-training online evaluation survey. A self-reported quality assurance checklist was used to measure fidelity to the communication protocol when delivered to parents during the RCT.
Results
Thirty clinicians completed training; 26 completed post-training surveys including twelve (46.1%) physicians, 8 (30.8%) RNs and 6 (23.1%) APPs. Most were female (65.4%); white (80.8%), not Latinx (88.5%); 40-50 years old (53.9%); and in practice over 10 years (65.4%). Nine (34.6%) trained in-person; the rest trained virtually. Ninety-two percent reported the course was valuable or very valuable for developing their PC/EOL communication skills and 96% reported learning something new. Dyads trained virtually had similar fidelity to those trained in-person (95% and 90% respectively) when delivering the PC/EOL communication intervention to parents.
Conclusion
This PC/EOL CST was valuable for improving pediatric oncology clinicians’ communication skills, successfully implemented in-person and virtually, and translated effectively into practice.
Cultural Adaptation of an Integrated Eating Disorders Prevention and Healthy Weight Management Program
Authors: Simpson Courtney C. , Boutté Rachel L , Burnette C. Blair , Weinstock Madison , Mazzeo Suzanne , Goel Neha
Published: August 2023

Background: Both eating disorder (ED) prevention and weight management interventions often focus on the thin ideal. Yet, many Black and Latinx women do not view thinness as their body ideal. This study used focus groups to investigate the influence of race, ethnicity, and culture on appearance ideals and inform the cultural adaptation and integration of two established programs addressing EDs and weight management: the Body Project, and Healthy Weight Interventions.
Methods:White (n=10), Black (n=14), and Latinx (n=6) women participated in racially and ethnically homogenous focus groups.
Results: Thematic analysis identified several themes, including: (1) diverse beauty standards across groups, (2) lack of acknowledgement of racialized beauty standards in prevention and cultural appropriation, (3) culturally-specific impacts of standards, (4) harm of appearance-related comments, (5) limitations of available resources, (6) stigma/minimization of mental health, (7) barriers to inclusive programming, and (8) facilitators of inclusive programming.
Conclusions: Results suggested that current programs’ emphasis on thinness, limit their relevance for women of color, and perpetuate the misconception that EDs primarily affect White women. Findings highlight the need for culturally responsive prevention.
Investigation on the effect of Xylopia aethiopica ethanol seed extract on Aluminum chloride induced uterus and gonadotropins toxicity in adult female Wistar rats
Authors: Leko Bankole Japhet , Idaguko Chika Anna , Aroge Iyanuoluwa Precious
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Reproductive disorders in females as a result of exposure to heavy metals are considered an important public health and social problem.
Aim
The study was to determine the level of influence of Xylopia aethiopica extracts on the female reproductive hormone, and histological changes in the uterus following administration of Aluminum chloride (AICI3).
Materials and methods
Twenty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of five rats. Group 1 served as normal control, groups 2, 3, 4 were administered 150mg/kg Aluminum chloride (AICI3). Group 2 served as positive control, while groups 3 and 4 were administered 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg extract of Xylopia aethiopica respectively. Administration of extract was done through oral route for 21 days, after which the animals were sacrificed. Hormonal assay such as Luteinizing hormone, Progesterone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Estradiol and histology of the uterus were evaluated.
Results
This revealed (AICI3) decrease the levels of FSH, LH, Estradiol and Progesterone. These results was further supported by histological observation that showed the thickenings and degeneration in the endometrial epithelial in the uterus caused by Aluminum chloride. Xylopia aethiopica treated groups showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in FSH, LH and Progesterone levels, while the Estradiol level was increase but it was not significant. Histologically, Xylopia aethiopica reduced thickenings and degeneration in the endometrial epithelial of the uterus caused by Aluminum chloride.
Conclusion
The finding demonstrated that treatment using Xylopia aethiopica may minimizes the toxic effect of Aluminum chloride on the female reproductive hormones and the uterus.
Wearable cellulose textile matrix self-powered biosensor sensing lactate in human sweat
Authors: 夏 尊斌 , Zuo Wei , Li Haiying , Qiu Liewei , Mu Ruihua , Wang Qian , Liu Hongchen , Wang Huixin , Hui yuchen
Published: August 2023

A lactate self-powered biosensor was assembled for the detection of lactate in sweat based on flexible textile matrix enzymatic electrodes. A porous three-dimensional electrode with high flexibility and electrical conductivity was obtained by decorating composites of reduced graphene oxide and carboxylate multi-walled carbon nanotubes onto a cellulose fabric substrate. The excellent enzyme embedding method using gel electrolyte showed a Michaelis-Menten constant of 1.46 mM, which implies that lactate dehydrogenase had a high enzymatic activity. The assembled self-powered lactate biosensor showed a sensitivity of 3.16 µW mM− 1 cm− 2 in the 0–10 mM linear range and a detection limit of 9.49 µM (S/N = 3). Meanwhile, the biosensor has good tensile flexural stability, selectivity, and long-term stability. The lactate self-powered biosensor recovered 99.66–108.43% of lactate from real sweat with a relative standard deviation of less than 4.65% when integrated into clothing. The biosensor is promising for sensing lactate in real sweat.
Engineering Saccharomyces boulardii for cell surface display of heterologous protein
Authors: Shin Jamin , Jin Yong-Su , Kim Soo Rin
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
Saccharomyces boulardii shares >99% similar genome sequences with S. cerevisiae, although there are some different genetic and metabolic elements between the two strains. Much is known about the cell surface display system of S. cerevisiae, but S. boulardii is still lacking. Therefore, in this study, cell surface display of S. boulardii is compared with different anchor proteins.
Methods:
For visualization of the cell surface display system, six strains expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (Egfp) and an anchor protein as a fusion protein were constructed. Then a heterologous protein, endo-inulinase, was expressed with selected anchor proteins through fluorescence intensity comparison.
Results:
Analysis by fluorescence microscopy revealed that the anchor proteins Cwp2 and Sed1 exhibited the highest fluorescence intensity. Furthermore, expressed selected anchor proteins and heterologous protein, endo-inulinase, the two mutant strains could degrade and consume almost inulin in 48 h.
Conclusion:
Through the expression of endo-inulinase, we confirmed that not only Egfp but also heterologous protein is well expressed, and successfully built a S. boulardii cell surface display system.
Circumstances of Occurrence and Factors Associated with Occupational Exposure to Body Fluids in District Hospitals (Yaoundé, Cameroon)
Authors: Cheuyem Fabrice Zobel Lekeumo , Ndungo Jonathan Hangi , Lyonga Emilia Enjema , MBOPI–KEOU François–Xavier , Takougang Innocent
Published: August 2023

Background:Though of worldwide occurrence, accidental exposure to body fluids affects developing countries most, especially sub-Saharan Africa. Exposure to body fluids in occupational settings affects the safety and wellbeing of healthcare workers, hindering the quality of healthcare. The aim of the present investigation was to identify the tasks prone to occupational exposure to body fluids and associated risk factors.Methods:A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out from January to April 2022 in six District Hospitals in Yaoundé. A self-administered questionnaire was addressed to consenting healthcare workers. Data related to exposure to blood and body fluid were analysed using loglinear model logistic regression on R statistic version 4.2.3. Statistical significance was considered forp-value < 5%.Results:A total of 217 participants were enrolled in this study. The main circumstances of percutaneous injury were handling needles while providing care (30.9%) and surgical procedures (19.5%). Fatigue related to long working hours (32.9%), stress (22.8%) and lack of personal protective equipment (17.4%) were reported determinants of percutaneous injuries. Poor compliance with standard precautions, such as washing scalpel for reuse (OR = 7.56) were associated with needles stick injuries. Working in the surgical department was associated with exposure to splash (AOR = 4.72) and percutaneous injury (OR=3.11).Conclusion:Exposure to body fluids involved splashes, needlestick and sharp injuries, occurring mainly in the surgical departments. There is an urgent need to design and implement preventive activities to reduce the risk of infections related to occupational exposure to body fluids among healthcare workers.
Charge transfer complex mediated conversion of CO2 to CO fuel
Authors: Cao Xuebo , Wang Kai , Chu Mingming , Wu Yuanyuan , Zhang Xingtian , Yan Zheng
Published: August 2023

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a versatile feedstock for the production of synthetic fuels using Fischer-Tropsch (FT) chemistry and a broader range of compounds using acylation chemistry. Commercial CO derives from natural gas, petroleum, and coal. In order to mitigate the dependence on fossil resources and assure a sustainable future, scientific communities are indefatigably pursuing electrochemical/photochemical conversion of ubiquitous carbon dioxide (CO2) back to useful chemicals like CO. But large-scale deployment of the technologies is hindered by low production rate, low conversion efficiency, and rigorous demands on the catalysts/devices. Here we show a chemical reduction strategy capable of rapid and large-scale conversion of CO2 into combustible CO (chromatographic purity > 99%) at ambient temperature. The process only involves three industrial materials including copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and N-methylimidazole (NMI) and exempts special installation, thus favoring practical implementation. The unprecedented efficiency is attributed to the mediation of the charge transfer complex [CuI∙∙∙NMI•‒] formed through spontaneous charge transfer interaction between NMI and Cu. [CuI∙∙∙NMI•‒] is an efficient mediator that can transform inert CO2 to CO2−CO2•‒ and stabilize this key intermediate. Zn then induces the reductive disproportionation of CO2−CO2•‒ into CO.
Avoiding stoma creation due to super-morbid obesity: a report of two surgical cases of colorectal cancer
Authors: Fujimoto Naoto , Ogino Takayuki , Sekido Yuki , Takeda Mitsunobu , Hata Tsuyoshi , Hamabe Atsushi , Miyoshi Norikatsu , Uemura Mamoru , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Doki Yuichiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi
Published: August 2023

Background: A stoma is commonly created in patients with a high risk of anastomotic leakage. However, patients with obesity have a higher incidence of stoma-related complications, and the decision to create a stoma should be carefully considered. We report two cases of patients with colorectal cancer and super-morbid obesity wherein stoma creation was avoided.
Case presentation: Case 1 involved a 52-year-old male patient with a body mass index (BMI) of 41.8 kg/m2 who underwent a robotic-assisted laparoscopic low anterior resection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for lower rectal cancer. Although temporary diverting ileostomy was initially considered, stoma creation was skipped intraoperatively, considering the complication risk-benefit ratio. Case 2 involved a 42-year-old female patient with a BMI of 64 kg/m2 who underwent open partial colon resection for descending colon cancer complicated by colonic perforation and abscess formation. The patient was considered to be at high risk of stoma-related complications due to high mobility of the abdominal wall; therefore, we decided not to create a stoma preoperatively.
Conclusion: Considering the high risk of stoma-associated complications, avoiding stoma creation and implementing preventive measures against potential complications are alternative options for patients with super-morbid obesity.
Cone-beam computed tomography of accessory canals of the canalis sinuosus and analysis of the related risk factors
Authors: sun Zhenwei , Li Dan , Zhang Xuan , Zhang Jiaxin , He Chunyan
Published: August 2023

Purpose
Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used in this study for evaluating the diameter, prevalence, spatial location, and risk factors of the accessory canal (AC) of the canalis sinuosus.
Methods
A comprehensive assessment of the incidence rate, diameter, three-dimensional (3D) spatial location, and direction of travel of AC was performed on 1003 CBCT images. The CBCT data were used to reconstruct a 3D model of the maxilla to determine the alveolar bone volume. The obtained data were further analyzed and processed.
Results
AC was present in 50.1% of images. Male patients more frequently had ACs than female patients did (P < 0.01) and was positively correlated with the maxillary alveolar bone volume (P < 0.001, OR 1.554). Age or nasopalatine canal diameter were not significantly associated with the occurrence of AC (P > 0.05). Among the 502 patients with AC, AC was present on the left side, right side, and bilaterally in 189, 98, and 215, respectively. The maximum number of ACs observed per individual was eight. The average AC diameter was 0.89 ± 0.26 mm (minimum, 0.5 mm; maximum, 2.02 mm).
Conclusions
As the prevalence of AC and its trajectory display considerable variation among individuals, surgeons must consider the possibility of the presence of AC when devising surgical plans involving the anterior maxillary region.
Sunset Yellow protects against oxidative damage in human keratinocyte-derived HaCaT cells and exhibits chemopreventive efficacy in DMBA/TPA-induced skin carcinogenesis
Authors: Gupta Shailendra , Singh Saurabh , Yadav Sarika , Cavallo Celine , Mourya Durgesh , Shukla Pallavi , Chaudhary Romil , Maurya Gyan , Müller Ronja , Rohde Lilly , Mishra Aradhana , Tripathi Anurag
Published: August 2023

Background: Skin cancer and other pathophysiological conditions of the skin are caused by inflammation. Sunset Yellow (SY) exhibits immunomodulatory characteristics, evidenced by its capacity to partially inhibit the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, regulate immune cell populations, and modulate the activation of lymphocytes. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory properties of SY through in-silico, in vitro & physiochemical test systems, and to investigate further its implications in DMBA/TPA-induced two-step skin carcinogenesis model.
Result: In vitro experiments showed that pre-treatment of SY significantly enhanced the cell viability of HaCaT cells when exposed to tertiary-Butyl Hydrogen Peroxide (tBHP). The increase in cell viability was accompanied by decreased levels of ROS, restoration of deregulated mitochondrial membrane potential, and significantly reduced DNA damage in (SY+ tBHP) treated cells. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that SY exhibited antioxidant properties. Through potentiometric titrations, the standard reduction potential (Eº) of SY was observed to be 0.211V. Additionally, this result was also confirmed using DPPH chemical antioxidant activity test. Next, we tested the implications of these findings in DMBA/TPA-induced two-step skin carcinogenesis animal model. The mice received topical application of SY (0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.1%) in conjunction with DMBA/TPA treatment for 21 weeks. The tumor incidence and body weight were evaluated at regular time intervals. SY remarkably reduced the tumor average latency period, tumor incidence, tumor yield and tumor burden in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, several in silico targets of SY were also identified, which could shed some light on the molecular mechanism triggered by SY as an antioxidant and chemo-preventive agent.
Conclusions: Conclusively, we repurposed SY for the antioxidant and anti-genotoxic properties along with its chemoprotective effect on skin cancer.
Three-Dimensional Wideband Non-Stationary Channel Modeling for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Communication under Flight-Induced Jitter Effects
Authors: rui liu , Jie Zhou , Lei Xu , Zilong Zhou , Gen-hu Shao
Published: August 2023

In view of the significant impact of flight-induced jitter on the performance of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication systems, we propose a three-dimensional wideband non-stationary channel model. The model takes into account the line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) components in the transmission link from the UAV transmitter to the UAV receiver. Both the transmitter and the receiver are equipped with uniform array antennas. In contrast to previous studies that focus solely on UAV pitch jitter models, the UAV's jitter attitude is simulated as random fluctuations in pitch, azimuth, and roll angles. The rotational jitter is modeled using a sinusoidal random process. Furthermore, derived the typical statistical characteristics of the proposed model, including spatial cross-correlation function(CCFs) and temporal autocorrelation function(ACFs). The numerical simulation results are then compared with those of existing relevant models, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed channel model.
Successful chimney endovascular aortic repair with reconstruction of three visceral branches for juxtarenal abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm after trans-thoracoabdominal esophagectomy
Authors: Goto Takasumi , Fujimura Hironobu , Shintani Takashi , Shibuya Takashi
Published: August 2023

Background
Conventional graft replacement for a juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm remains challenging for high-risk patients since it often requires the reconstruction of some visceral arteries.
Case Presentation
A 76-year-old woman was diagnosed with an 87 x 48 mm juxtarenal abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm. Open graft replacement was contraindicated because of frailty and a past history of trans-thoracoabdominal esophagectomy. Chimney endovascular aortic repair (CEVAR) with three chimney endografts was successfully performed without any endoleaks and each visceral circulation was kept intact. The patient was discharged uneventfully on postoperative day 8.
Conclusions
CEVAR can be a useful surgical option instead of conventional operations, especially for high-risk cases
Enhancement of Diversity Parameters of a 4-Port MIMO Antenna in FR-1 5G Bands
Authors: Srinub Manumula , Rajasekhar N. V.
Published: August 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Xanthurenic acid as a preclinical diagnostic marker and drug target of Alzheimer's disease in rats and mice and associated effects of Schizandrin
Authors: Zhao Qiqi , Ma Zhiming , Lu Shengwen
Published: August 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a multipathogenic and irreversible neurodegenerative disease, threatens human health because a well-developed and compelling ‘theragnostic’ marker for monitoring biochemical events in this disease is lacking. In this experiment, high excretion of xanthurenic acid was found quantitatively before neurodegeneration in two classic AD models, including APP/PS1 transgenic mice and a chemical-induced rat model, based on metabolomic analysis coupled with UPLC-TQD-MS/MS. The discovery was beyond the recorded pathological process, including Aβ42 deposition, astrocyte inflammatory hyperplasia and neuron loss, and it can be used not only as a diagnostic marker for the preclinical stage of AD but also as a target reflecting the disease-modifying effect of lead compounds for preventing AD. In this way, Schisandrin, a neuroprotective agent from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill, was proven to adjust the level of xanthurenic acid in urine significantly in the present study. The predictability, treatment relevance, stability, reproducibility and accessibility of urine xanthurenic acid in our experiment indicates its feasibility as a potential diagnostic marker and drug target for the preclinical stage of AD.
Functional outcome after Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy: A retrospective case control study
Authors: Chow C. P. , Wong L.Y. , Poon C. , Yiu B. , Wong T. , Wong M. , Yam K.Y. , Ngai S.P.C.
Published: August 2023

Purpose: This study examines long term benefit on functional outcomes and quality of life after Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) in children with spastic diplegia in Hong Kong.
Method: This is a case control study. Individuals with spastic diplegia who were at 6 to 12 years post-SDR were recruited. Age, gender, cognition and Gross Motor Function Classification System level matched individuals with spastic diplegia who had not undergone SDR were recruited as controls. Outcome measures included physical level, functional level, physiological level and quality of life. All data were compared by independent t-test.
Results: Individuals post-SDR (n=15) demonstrated a significantly better range of ankle dorsiflexion in knee extension by
-5.7±10.9 degree than the control group (n=12). No other significant differences were observed.
Conclusion: SDR is a safe, one-off procedure and provide long term reduction in spasticity with no major complications. With the heterogeneity, we did not demonstrate between-group differences in long term functional outcomes.
A Smart Irrigation Monitoring Service Using Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: V Subedha , Jazaeri Seyedeh Shabnam , Reddy Elangovan Guruva , B Tirapathi Reddy
Published: August 2023

This research introduces a Smart Watering System powered by Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for precision agriculture. The system utilizes real-time monitoring and irrigation management to provide crops with the right amount of water based on their individual needs. The method aims to enhance agricultural yields, reduce labor costs, and improve water efficiency. By deploying a network of affordable wireless sensors in the fields, soil moisture levels are continuously tracked, and the data is sent wirelessly to a central controller. Using advanced wireless protocols, the system analyzes the data and determines the optimal watering requirements for each crop. The technology is scalable and easy to install in larger agricultural fields. Research findings indicate that the system can increase crop yields by up to 30% and improve water usage efficiency by up to 60%. Adopting this smart irrigation monitoring service powered by WSN allows farmers to conserve water, save time and money, and improve overall profitability in sustainable agriculture.
Comparison of barriers effective nurse-patient communication in covid-19 and non-covid-19 wards
Authors: Bakhshi Hamed , Shariati Mohammad Javad , Basirinezhad Mohammad Hassan , Ebrahimi Hossein
Published: August 2023

Background
Communication is a basic need of humans. Identifying factors that prevent effective nurse-patient communication allows for the better implementation of necessary measures to modify barriers. This study aims to compare the barriers to effective nurse-patient communication from the perspectives of nurses and patients in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 wards.
Materials and methods
This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2022. The participants included 200 nurses and 200 patients from different wards of Emam Hossein and Bahar hospitals in Shahroud, who were sampled using a stratified method. Data were collected by completing a questionnaire with 30 and 15 questions for nurses and patients, which contained similar questions to those for nurses, based on a 5-point Likert scale.
Results
The high workload of nursing, excessive expectations of patients, and the difficulty of nursing work were identified by nurses as the main communication barriers. From the patients' viewpoints, the aggressiveness of nurses, the lack of facilities (welfare treatment), and the unsanitary condition of their rooms were the main communication barriers.
Conclusion
In this study, the domain of job characteristics was identified by nurses as the major barrier, and patients emphasized factors that were in the domain of individual/social factors. There is a pressing need to pay attention to these barriers to eliminate them through necessary measures by nursing administrators.
Couples’ fertility intentions and contraceptive use in Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Yared
Published: August 2023

Background:
While fertility and family planning studies have primarily centred around women, the perspectives of men within couples remain insufficiently explored in sub-Saharan African countries, including Ethiopia. This study seeks to delve into fertility and family planning behaviours within couples in Ethiopia.
Methods:
The analysis draws from data collected in 2005, 2011, and 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS), encompassing 15,854 couples. Data analysis mostly based on simple descriptive analysis and trends. The relationship between couple’s fertility intentions and contraceptive use was examined using multivariate regression models, adjusting for several covariates.
Results:
At the couple level, a substantial proportion (37.4%) of husbands express a greater desire for children than their wives, with regional disparities observed. This preference discrepancy ranges from 27.4% in Tigray to 53.5% in Afar. Only 18% of Ethiopian couples share similar desired family sizes. Notably, the preference for larger families is prominent among married, rural, less educated, and higher parity men. Regarding fertility preferences, approximately 54% of Ethiopian couples agree on their future fertility plans, while 46% have discordant views. Analysis reveals that about one-fifth of couples aim to cease childbearing, with a similar proportion aiming to delay the next birth by two or more years. The findings affirm that couples in agreement about their fertility goals are significantly more likely to use contraceptives compared to those with discordant fertility preferences. Multivariate analysis, accounting for various factors, confirmed that couples with an aligned desire for fewer than four children were 49% more likely to use modern contraceptives than those where either spouse was undecided about family size.
Conclusion:
The study underscores the vital role of men's fertility intentions and preferences within couples to fully grasp fertility and family planning in Ethiopia. Emphasizing men's involvement in shared decision-making about fertility and family planning within families is crucial. Encouraging open communication between spouses regarding family size can help bridge gaps in fertility goals.
Ultrahigh sensitivity refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon resonance effect of double-ring hollow-core anti-resonant fiber
Authors: Liu Min , Leng Xuemin , Ni Wenjun , Shum Perry Ping
Published: August 2023

In this paper, a refractive index (RI) sensor is presented on the basis of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of double-ring hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (DR-HC-ARF), which has great sensitivity and wide detection range. In the design, the DR-HC-ARF consists of 12 silica tubes in two layers inside and outside, with the X-forward inner silica tube filled with gold wire. The simulation results indicated that the achievable maximum sensitivity, minimum resolution, and largest figure of merit of the DR-HC-ARF sensor filled with gold wire are -20600 nm/RIU, 4.85×10-6 RIU and 615.79 RIU-1, respectively, when measuring using the confinement loss approach. The maximum sensitivity, minimum resolution, and largest birefringence of the DR-HC-ARF sensor filled with gold wire are -21200 nm/RIU, 4.71×10-6 RIU and 2.38×10-4, respectively, for the birefringence analysis approach. The ultrahigh RI sensitivity of DR-HC-ARF sensor filled with gold wire paves a promising way on the applications in the field of biochemical detection.
Further Revealing Reaction Mechanism on the Oxidation Behavior of the Lignin Model Molecules
Authors: Dong Shuqi , Zhang Hui , Du Xia , Yao Tingyu , Shang Yan , Jing Liquan , Hu Jinguang
Published: August 2023

It is urgent to further study the mechanism of the oxidation process of biomass energy. Theoretical investigation on the oxidation of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HOL), vanillyl alcohol (VOL) and syringic alcohol (SOL) at the atomic and molecular levels is completed by density function theory (DFT). The oxidative reaction mechanism is further revealed and the oxidation reaction pathway on phenolic hydroxyl group site was identified in detail. The potential energy surface information of fifteen possible reaction channels at B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) level was obtained. The influence of substituent effects on the oxidative reaction energy barrier has been estimated. Theoretical calculation results showed that the reactivity of phenolic hydroxyl group is stronger than methoxyl group and hydroxymethyl group. The oxidative reaction energy barrier decreases with increasing of the methoxyl group number. The elucidation of the oxidation mechanism provides a novel perspective for the study of catalytic oxidation in lignin model materials.
Evaluation of the Influence of Adding Clay in Polymeric Hydrogels Based on Phpa and Aluminum Citrate
Authors: Neto Venâncio , Oliveira Priscila , Mansur Claudia
Published: August 2023

In situ formation of polymeric hydrogels has been studied to ascertain their ability to block regions with high permeability in reservoirs and enhance oil recovery. The difficulties of applying these gel systems are related, among other factors, to their fragility in the conditions of high temperature and salinity typically found in reservoirs. In this context, various options for modification of gelling systems have been studied, such as addition of reinforcement loads, for preparation of nanocomposite hydrogels with improved mechanical and thermal properties. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the properties of hydrogels based on partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA), with different molar masses, crosslinked with aluminum citrate, in the presence or absence of bentonite clay. We call these systems composite hydrogels or conventional hydrogels, respectively, and prepared them in synthetic brine containing 29,940 ppm of total dissolved solids (TDS). The selected hydrogels were submitted to rheology tests and scanning electron microscopy for assignment of gel strength codes. The results showed it was possible to obtain composite hydrogels with enhanced thermal properties in comparison with conventional hydrogels, mainly at a temperature of 85°C. The rheological tests, by determining the viscous modulus (G”), elastic modulus (G’), and the ratio between the two (G”/G’), along with the tan delta factor, indicated competition in the interaction between the clay and crosslinker, due to the latter’s positive charges in relation to the negative charges present in the polymer chains. The SEM micrographs showed the presence of clay particles adhered in the polymer chain, improving the thermal resistance of the system.
Minimum edge cuts of hypercubes and k-ary n-cubes leaving every fault-free node in given subnetworks
Authors: Yang Yuxing , Meng Kaiyue
Published: August 2023

The hypercube and the $k$-ary $n$-cube are two leading interconnection networks for multiprocessor systems. {\it A $t$-embedded edge cut} of an $n$-dimensional recursive interconnection network $G_n$ is a set of edges whose removal separates $G_n$ and each vertex lies in a $t$-dimensional subnetwork of the residual network. The network $G_n$ is {\it super $t$-embedded edge connected} ({\it super-$\eta_t$} for short) if the deletion of an arbitrary minimum $t$-embedded edge cut of $G_n$ isolates a $t$-dimensional subnetwork $G_t$. In this note, we show that both the $n$-dimensional hypercube and the ternary $n$-cube are super-$\eta_t$ for $0\leq t\leq n-1$ except for the $2$D hypercube when $t=0$, and the $k$-ary $n$-cube with odd $k\geq 5$ is not super-$\eta_{n-1}$. An algorithm is proposed to obtain a minimum embedded-edge cut for hypercubes and $k$-ary $n$-cubes with odd $k\geq 3$.
RETRACTED: Effect of surface treatments on the thermal emissivity of AISI 304L stainless steel
Authors: Kumar Uday , Jhansi Kokkiligadda , Vaghela Hitensinh , Swaminathan Parasuraman
Published: August 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Delineation of Potential Groundwater Zones using GIS-based Fuzzy AHP technique for urban expansion in the South Western fringe of Guwahati City, India
Authors: Sarmah Rakesh Kumar , Sarma Santanu
Published: August 2023

Due to unprecedented urban growth many localities within the heart of Guwahati city witness groundwater scarcity, mainly during the dry seasons. This study aims to identify potential groundwater zones in the southwestern fringe of the city where the Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority (GMDA) has adopted plans for future expansion.. Rani and Chayani Barduar are two administrative blocks adjacent to the city possessing a vast tract of unsettled agricultural land ideal for future township development. Multi-criteria decision-making technique using a Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) in Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) environment is used to produce the groundwater potential map. A total of eight thematic layers important for groundwater recharge: lithology, geomorphology, slope, rainfall, lineament density, soil, drainage density, and Land Use Land Cover are prepared using satellite data, fieldwork, and other suitable techniques and used as input. The study area is classified into five groundwater potential zones – very high (42.52%), high (28.67%), moderate (17.23%), poor (10.21%), and very poor (1.37%). Validation of the result using a yield map derived from the exploratory wells of Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) shows strong agreement with the prediction accuracy (AUC = 73.36%). Field-derived water level data also show a high negative correlation (R2 = 0.71) with yield data indicating high specific yield in wells with shallow water levels. The study results will help planners and policymakers with future urban development strategies and sustainable groundwater management practices.
ChatGPT-4 performance on USMLE Step 1 questions and its implications for medical education: A comparative study across systems and disciplines
Authors: Garabet Razmig , Mackey Brendan P , Cross MBA James , Weingarten
Published: August 2023

We assessed the performance of OpenAI’s ChatGPT-4 on United States Medical Licensing Exam STEP 1 questions across the systems and disciplines appearing on the examination. ChatGPT-4 answered 86% of the 1300 questions accurately, exceeding the estimated passing score of 60% with no significant differences in performance across clinical domains. Findings demonstrated an improvement over earlier models as well as consistent performance in topics ranging from complex biological processes to ethical considerations in patient care. Its proficiency provides support for the use of artificial intelligence (AI) as an interactive learning tool and furthermore raises questions about how the technology can be used to educate students in the preclinical component of their medical education. Authors provide an example and discuss how students can leverage AI to receive real-time analogies and explanations tailored to their desired level of education. An appropriate application of this technology potentially enables enhancement of learning outcomes for medical students in the preclinical component of their education.
Swarm Intelligence Algorithms Evaluation
Authors: SI-MA Shen , LIU Han-Ming , ZHAN Hong-Xiang , GUO Gang , YU Cong , HU Peng-Cheng
Published: August 2023

Swarm intelligence algorithms are an important study field of artificial intelligence, and received a lot of attention in the areas, such as parameter optimization, data mining, image processing and signal processing. They draw on the characteristic of social animals that can gather and share the information to make a better decision than individuals. And thus, it makes all the algorithms need an iterative process. For nearly several decades, more than 100 promising algorithms have been proposed. Are these algorithms suitable for all types of problems? How do they relate to the maximum iterations? In this study, 45 test functions from the classical set, CEC2019 and CEC2022 are classified into different problems according to their features, and 123 swarm intelligence algorithms are evaluated on a large scale with different maximum iterations. The experiment results show that most of the algorithms are suitable for low and medium dimensional problems where 5 algorithms (BES, CHOA, ESDA, FBI, and SFS) have the best optimization performance and robustness on these problems. Several algorithms are suitable for the problems with different complexities where 5 algorithms (BES, FA, MPA, SA, and SFS) have the best performance of the problems. Very few algorithms are suitable for the problems with different search space sizes where the CHIO is very robust in the problems. Besides, 3 algorithms (LSO, DE, and RSA) are the fastest.
Enhancing Railway Signaling Safety and Efficiency through Convolutional Neural Network-Enabled Verification and Validation: The CNN-RSVV Framework
Authors: Neyigapula Bheema Shanker
Published: August 2023

Railway signaling systems play a critical role in ensuring the safety and efficiency of train operations. The verification and validation of these systems are essen- tial to prevent accidents and ensure reliable performance. This research paper proposes a novel approach to revolutionize railway signaling verification and val- idation using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The proposed framework, CNN-RSVV, leverages the power of CNNs for automatic feature extraction and pattern recognition from signaling data. The framework’s effectiveness is demon- strated through simulation-based testing and real-world deployment, showcasing its potential to enhance safety and reduce human-dependent error in railway oper- ations. The study contributes to the field of safety-critical systems by introducing an innovative solution that combines machine learning with railway signaling domain knowledge.
Effect of Adding Stems and Leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi to Feed on the Microbial Diversity of Cattle Feces
Authors: Zhang Junli , Bai Xue , Na Rina , Wang Xiuqin , Ma Yun , Liang Xiaojun
Published: August 2023

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi has important effectson anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. However, there are few research reports on the application of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi stems and leaves as the roughage in animal husbandry. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effect of adding different proportions of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi stems and leaves to feed on the microbial diversity of bovine feces.Twenty Simmental cattle were randomly divided into four groups: CON, adding 3%, 6% and 9% Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi stems and leaves. All four groups were treated for 105 days. We need to collect fresh faecal samples on 105d and study the microbiome of cattle feces using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The NMDS analysis showed substantial differences in bacterial community composition between the treatment group and the CON group. At the phylum level, adding Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi stems and leaves can significantly reduce the Firmicutes/ Bacteroides ratio. After adding 3%, 6%, and 9% Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi stems and leaves, the relative abundance of Spirochaetesdecreased. After adding 9% Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi stems and leaves, the relative abundance of Verrucomimicrobia and Proteobacteria decreased. These inter group differential microbiota mainly participates in the Amino Acid Biosvthesis, Fatty Acid and Lipid Biosynthesis, Carbohydrate Biosynthesis, Carbohydrate Degradation, Nucleoside and Nucleotide Degradation, Fermentation, Glycolysis, TCA cycle, Glycan Biosynthesis and Glycan Degradation pathway. Therefore, our research shows that adding Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi stems and leaves to feed can improve cattle's antioxidant capacity, reduce harmful gut bacteria and inflammatory reactions, and promote healthy growth of beef cattle. This provides a new strategy for future cattle farming.
Predictors and Prognostic value of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography for Unrecognized Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Teng Yun , Hoshino Masahiro , Kanaji Yoshihisa , Sugiyama Tomoyo , Misawa Toru , Hada Masahiro , Nagamine Tatsuhiro , Nogami Kai , Ueno Hiroki , Sayama Kodai , Matsuda Kazuki , Yonetsu Taishi , Sasano Tetsuo , Kakuta Tsunekazu
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
Unrecognized myocardial infarction (UMI) detected by delayed-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (DE-CMR) and coronary computed tomography angiographic (CCTA)-derived high-risk features provide prognostic information in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). However, the relationship between UMI and CCTA-derived characteristics remains elusive. The aim of this study is to assess the prognostic value of UMI on DE-CMR and predictors of UMI using CCTA in patients with CCS.
Methods:
181 CCS patients without prior history of myocardial infarction and coronary intervention who underwent both DE-CMR and CCTA before elective PCI were enrolled. The CCTA-derived predictors of UMI and the association of baseline clinical characteristics, CCTA findings, and CMR-derived factors with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unplanned late revascularization, hospitalization for congestive heart failure, and stroke were investigated.
Results:
UMI was detected in 57 patients (31.5%). ROC analysis revealed the optimal cut-off values of Agastson score and mean pericoronary adipose tissue index (FAI) for predicting the presence of UMI were 397 and − 69.8, respectively. Left ventricular mass, Agatston score > 397, mean FAI >-69.8, positive remodeling of the target lesion, and CCTA-derived stenosis severity were independent predictors of UMI. Patients with UMI were associated with worse prognosis. The risk of MACE significantly increased according to the number of 4 preprocedural CCTA relevant features of UMI.
Conclusion
57 patients (31.5%) showed UMI. Preprocedural comprehensive CCTA analysis may help predict the presence of UMI and provide prognostic information in patients with CCS undergoing PCI.
Enhancing Construction and Demolition Waste Management through BIM Implementation: A Pathway to Circular Economy
Authors: Sudarsan J.S. , Katare Vasudha , Gavali Hindavi
Published: August 2023

The construction industry is facing growing concerns over the environmental impacts and sustainability of its waste management practices, particularly in relation to construction and demolition waste. This research paper explores the potential of Building Information Modeling (BIM) implementation as a means to enhance construction and demolition waste management and pave the way for a circular economy. The present study has examined the current state of construction and demolition waste management practices, highlighting the significant environmental and economic impacts associated with traditional linear waste disposal methods. It then delves into the principles of a circular economy, emphasizing the importance of reducing waste generation, promoting recycling and reuse, and minimizing resource consumption.
Low Expression of PRRG2 in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma: An Immune Infiltration-Associated Prognostic Biomarker
Authors: Tang Gonglin , Ding Guixin , Liu Shangjing , Liu Hongquan , Wang Tianqi , Zou Qingsong , Sun Kai , Wu Jitao
Published: August 2023

Background:
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is a highly prevalent and lethal type of cancer, and one of the primary approaches to address it is the development of suitable biomarkers. The objective of this study is to investigate the prognostic value of proline-rich γ-carboxyglutamic acid protein 2 (PRRG2) in KIRC and its correlation with immune cell infiltration.
Methods:
The study comprehensively clarified the prognostic value and potential function of PRRG2 in KIRC. PRRG2 expression was analyzed and correlated with sex, age, metastasis, and pathological stage in KIRC patients. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were used to explore the involvement of PRRG2 in the immune response. The correlation between PRRG2 expression and immune cell infiltration was also analyzed. Finally, the confirmation of cellular and tissue identity was achieved through the utilization of immunohistochemical staining and quantitative real-time PCR.
Results:
The study reveals a significant reduction in PRRG2 expression among KIRC patients. Low PRRG2 expression is associated with gender, age, metastasis, and pathological staging, and significantly predicts poor prognosis in KIRC patients. GO, KEGG, and GSEA results indicate the involvement of PRRG2 in immune response. PRRG2 expression is significantly correlated with the infiltration level of immune cells and the expression of different immune cell markers.
Conclusion:
PRRG2 may potentially impact prognosis in KIRC patients by regulating immune infiltration, thus rendering PRRG2 a promising candidate prognostic biomarker for KIRC-associated immune infiltration.
Reliability and validity of a single-item measure of recovery expectations in rehabilitation research and practice
Authors: Carrière Junie , Berbiche Djamal , Montemurro Laury , Sullivan Michael
Published: August 2023

Purpose
The objective of this study is to investigate the reliability and validity of a single-item measure of recovery expectations in the context of work disability.
Methods
Two independent samples of individuals with musculoskeletal pain conditions were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of a single-item measure of recovery expectations (“How likely is it that you will return to work?”). Sample 1 consisted of 109 individuals with work-related musculoskeletal injuries and Sample 2 consisted of 152 individuals with whiplash injury. Participants completed measures of demographics, recovery expectations and pain-related psychological variables (depressive symptoms, catastrophizing, fear of movement and perceptions of injustice). At 1-year follow-up, participants reported their work status. Analyses examined the test-retest reliability, parallel-form reliability, construct validity and predictive validity of a single-item measure of recovery expectations on work status at 1-year follow-up.
Conclusion
Single-item measures of recovery expectations are a reliable and valid tool to predict work disability at 1-year follow-up in individuals with musculoskeletal pain conditions. This study represents a step towards practice-based evidence by providing a brief, low burden, low-cost measure of recovery expectations that can be seamlessly integrated into clinical workflow and research protocols.