bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dimensions of Online Role-Playing: Anchored in the Tolkien Mythos
Authors: Bainbridge William S.
Published: March 2022

Based on close study of two multi-player games in the tradition of J. R. R. Tolkien, this study documents the complex features of modern role-playing in online virtual worlds and constructs a six-component typology of its dimensions. The Lord of the Rings: War in the North is oriented toward the popular movies based on Tolkien’s novels, and can be played by as many as three people. The Lord of the Rings Online is based directly on the novels and is massively multi-player, even one event reported here having 487 avatars simultaneously at the same virtual location. A brief sociometric analysis of thousands of online stories in Tolkien’s legendarium, observation inside 20 Tolkien Facebook groups, and references to social science published during Tolkien’s lifetime, anchor the analysis in a tradition. The six theory components interact dynamically: identity, function, connection, engagement, representation, and property. They were derived from participant observation and ethnographic methods, but also illustrated by statistics, notably censuses of avatars and their homesteads. A great number of other role-playing computer games have similar components, but often fewer and less clearly represented. Therefore, this pair in the Tolkien mythos were especially suitable for this concept-development project.
In It for the Long Haul: Post-Acute Sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Authors: Gosser Rena , Anderson Sarah , Blaszczyk Amie , Jen Christi , Bhatt Snehal
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused immeasurable clinical, economic, and societal challenges for the world since early 2020. Intense focus has been placed on determining evidence-based acute management of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as accelerating vaccination efforts for those eligible to receive it. As patients recover from infection, many are left with long-term symptoms, known as “Long COVID” or “Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID19,” that challenges the ability to fully recover, return to baseline health status, and regain quality of life. As the most accessible healthcare professional, pharmacists can assist with the management of long COVID as a member of the multidisciplinary team. Pharmacists' medication acumen is beneficial to the management of long COVID symptomatology as more research comes to the forefront of this deadly disease.
Quality Improvement Interventions in the Delivery Room to Improve the Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in Healthy Neonates: A Tertiary Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Sisodia Pragati , Rathoria Richa , Singh Girjesh Kumar , Rathoria Ekansh , Bansal Utkarsh
Published: March 2022

Background:

The low-middle income countries continue to contribute to a high proportion of neonatal and child mortality globally. The reduction in mortality rates requires low-cost interventions such as early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF). The study objective was to improve the rate of EIBF in all the healthy term newborns born in our institute from a baseline rate of 10% to at least 70% over 3 months through a quality improvement (QI) approach.

Methods:

This study was conducted in the labor room and operation theatre of a tertiary care center in Uttar Pradesh. All the healthy term mother-newborn pairs born in the study period were included and the Point Of Care Quality Improvement model was followed. After the baseline assessment of the problem, a QI team was formed which did the root-cause analysis and generated the change ideas to be implemented by small Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles initially then systematically expanded to the larger level.

Outcome Measure:

The effect of a PDSA cycle was measured by the percentage of newborns breastfed within the first hour of birth at the end of each cycle.

Results:

The EIBF improved from the baseline rate of 10% to 70.5% at the end of 5 PDSA cycles and was maintained at 70.7% during the sustainability phase.

Conclusion:

The QI approach can be utilized to improve EIBF, while the sustainability depends on continuous efforts like education programs, counselling, and supportive supervision. The inclusion of simulation-based training for staff can build confidence and improve results.
Persistence and shedding of senecavirus A in naturally infected boars
Authors: Sturos Matthew J. , Murray Deborah , Johnson Levi , Preis Guilherme , Corzo Cesar A. , Rossow Stephanie , Vannucci Fabio A.
Published: March 2022

Senecavirus A (SVA) infection in pigs causes vesicular disease and results in a short viremia and transient shedding of the virus, mainly in oral fluids and feces. Here we describe the consistent prolonged shedding of SVA in the semen of 2 boars, and persistence of SVA within the tonsils and testes of 3 adult boars. Two SVA-infected boars that were identified on a Minnesota sow farm in 2017 shed SVA RNA in semen for >3 mo after an outbreak of vesicular disease had occurred on the farm. SVA was isolated from 1 semen sample collected 9 d after clinical disease began on the farm. The third SVA-infected boar was identified on an Indiana sow farm in 2020. All boars had SVA RNA detected in the testes and tonsils by RT-rtPCR, with lower Ct values obtained for the testes than from the tonsils. All boars had multifocal lymphocytic orchitis with segmental degeneration and atrophy of the germinal epithelium within the seminiferous tubules. One boar also had areas of seminiferous tubule collapse and interstitial fibrosis within the testes. In all boars, in situ hybridization demonstrated the presence of SVA mRNA within cells located basally in the seminiferous tubules of the testes, and within the basal surface epithelial cells, crypt epithelial cells, and subepithelial and parafollicular lymphocytes and histiocytes of the tonsil.
How Misinformation and Rebuttals in Online Comments Affect People’s Intention to Receive COVID-19 Vaccines: The Roles of Psychological Reactance and Misperceptions
Authors: Sun Yanqing , Lu Fangcao
Published: March 2022

This study investigated how exposure to negative and misleading online comments about the COVID-19 vaccination persuasive messages and the ensuing corrective rebuttals of these comments affected people’s attitudes and intentions regarding vaccination. An online experiment was performed with 344 adults in the United States. The results showed that rebuttals by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, rather than those by social media users, indirectly increased people’s willingness to receive the vaccine by reducing their psychological reactance to persuasive messages and their belief in the misinformation contained in the comments. Rebuttals by social media users became more effective in reducing reactance when people initially had stronger pro-vaccination attitudes.
Finite element investigations of the fluid-solid behaviour in a bio-inspired poroelastic bearing
Authors: Raske N , Soltanahmadi S , de Boer GN , Bryant M , Hewson RW
Published: March 2022

Poroelastic materials are commonly found in biological systems, such as articulating cartilage, and the ability to predict their biphasic behaviour is a key step in the understanding of joint health and the development of biomimetic devices. Here, a fully coupled three dimensional finite element study is presented to demonstrate the permeability dependent load carrying capacity of fluid pressure in a time-varying poroelastic system. A bio-inspired material model is demonstrated with relaxation simulations which first show results for a cartilage-like sample and then for a variation of permeability from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. The relaxation rate is non-linear but the total relaxation time scales linearly with permeability. That material model is then demonstrated in the context of a mechanical bearing operating in lubricated contact with an impermeable wall. The results show that for a given set of operating conditions the permeability modifies how the fluid and solid phases accommodate applied loads. High fluid load support varies through the thickness and width of the bearing. It is particularly high around regions where the interstitial flow is restricted by external factors such as contact interfaces. The model offers a novel method to predict local pressures and stresses within a poroelastic material.
A review of recent advances of ionic liquids as lubricants for tribological and thermal applications
Authors: Ali Mohamed Kamal Ahmed , Abdelkareem Mohamed A. A. , Chowdary Krishna , Ezzat M.F. , Kotia Ankit , Jiang Hua
Published: March 2022

The novel characteristics of ionic liquids (ILs) led to an improved tribological and thermal performance. This article discusses current progress in developing ILs as neat lubricants or additives in lube oils, with a focus on ILs chemistry, synthesis, miscibility, and other relevant rheological, thermal, and tribological properties at macro to nanoscales. This article also introduces a review of lubrication mechanisms based on the tribofilm formed on the rubbing interfaces owing to tribochemical reactions among the ILs, base oil, and solid bodies, which shows key insights into anti-wear properties. ILs exhibited superior anti-wear properties compared to fully formulated oils. Notably, there was no symmetry between the friction results of ILs and their wear counterpart. Furthermore, the main challenges to further improve ILs performance for tribological applications are highlighted. Eventually, prospects for ILs tribology are suggested, which will guide the development and synthesis of ILs-based lubricants for tribological applications.
Tangier heat: On migrant vulnerability and social thermology
Authors: Richter Line , Vigh Henrik
Published: March 2022

This article investigates a particular moment of political tension and intimidation of sub-Saharan migrants in Northern Morocco. Drawing on insights gained from collective fieldwork in Tangier, as well as from individual, longstanding ethnographic engagements with migrants from Guinea-Bissau and Mali, it describes the way West African migrants are policed, used as political capital and made the unwilling pawns of large-scale geopolitical negotiations. Targeted and intimidated as part of a diplomatic performance related to the bilateral dealings between Morocco and the European Union, their hardship is orchestrated to communicate the Moroccan state’s control of migration flows into the EU. The article clarifies the existential and social consequences of such staged persecution among migrants and elucidates how it is made sense of and managed through vernacular notions of ‘heat’, a metaphor for nonviable existence. As we shall see, such metaphors provide a window to a larger ‘social thermological’ register prevalent in making sense of precarious circumstance in both social life, social science and politics.
Function outperforms morphology in the assessment of muscular contribution to insulin sensitivity in premenopausal women
Authors: Wanger Lorena , Gar Christina , Rippl Michaela , Kern-Matschilles Stefanie , Potzel Anne , Haschka Stefanie , Seissler Jochen , Hesse Nina , Lechner Andreas
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Skeletal muscle contributes significantly to insulin sensitivity in humans. However, which non-invasive measurement best reflects this contribution remains unknown. Consequently, this paper compares morphologic and functional measurements.

Research methods and design

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 144 premenopausal women enrolled in the “Prediction, Prevention, and Sub-classification of Type 2 Diabetes” (PPSDiab) cohort study. For the analysis, we quantified insulin sensitivity by oral glucose tolerance testing and, in a subgroup of 30 women, euglycemic clamp. To assess skeletal muscle, we measured volume by magnetic resonance imaging, intramyocellular lipid content by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and physical fitness by cardiopulmonary exercise testing.

Results

The mean age of the cohort was 35.7 ± 4.1 years and 94 participants (65%) had a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. Of the morphologic and functional muscle parameters, the maximum workload achieved during cardiopulmonary exercise testing associated most closely with insulin sensitivity (standardized beta = 0.39; p < .001). Peak oxygen uptake also demonstrated significant associations, whereas muscle volume and intramyocellular lipid content displayed none.

Conclusion

Functional measurements provided a better assessment of the muscular contribution to insulin sensitivity than morphologic measurements in premenopausal women. In particular, exercise testing rendered an easy and cost-effective method applicable in clinical settings and other human studies.
Childhood Victimization and Adult Incarceration: A Review of the Literature
Authors: White Hannah R. , Frisch-Scott Nicole E.
Published: March 2022

A growing body of work estimates the prevalence of childhood victimization among incarcerated people. The present study seeks to descriptively and quantitatively summarize this abundant literature by reviewing studies that report childhood victimization prevalence among people incarcerated in the United States. The review includes any study of childhood victimization that uses a sample of incarcerated adults (age eighteen or older) and that reports the proportion of the sample that experienced child abuse and/or neglect. Sixty-seven studies met these criteria and were analyzed, encompassing 1,187,044 incarcerated individuals. The studies vary in sample characteristics, methodological features, and employ an exceedingly wide range of victimization measures. Meta-analyses for pooled prevalence rates revealed that the inter-study heterogeneity was too great to draw conclusive summary estimates of childhood victimization from this literature, even when disaggregating by victimization type. Exploratory t-tests and correlation analyses suggest that a study’s sample size, racial, ethnic, and gender composition, and variation in victimization measurement can influence reported child abuse and neglect, but more research is needed to fully assess how study characteristics influence reported victimization prevalence. Understanding the extensiveness of childhood victimization histories among incarcerated people emphasizes the need for robust screening and treatment for people within correctional facilities, as well as improved community prevention and intervention efforts.
Endovascular Intervention for May-Thurner Syndrome in a Pregnant Patient with a Patent Foramen Ovale and Paradoxical Embolism
Authors: Bai Halbert , Cho Logan D. , Cooke Peter V. , Ting Windsor
Published: March 2022

May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) is a known structural risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and embolism. In patients with a patent foramen ovale (PFO), emboli originating from the deep veins are able to paradoxically reach the systemic circulation via the PFO, consequently resulting in transient ischemic attacks (TIA) or stroke.

We report the case of a 31-year-old pregnant woman, with a recent history of TIA, who presented with chronic bilateral numbness, pain, and swelling in the lower extremities. On imaging, she was found to have a PFO and MTS. Her pregnancy was subsequently terminated. This decision was made independently by the patient. Her care team did not advise her to terminate her pregnancy as there was no specific medical reason to do so. However, the patient was in significant physical pain and distress and ultimately was not comfortable continuing with the pregnancy. This highlights the complex, multifactorial decision-making process that pregnant patients with comorbid health conditions undertake. The patient then underwent transcatheter PFO closure and stents were placed bilaterally in the left and right common iliac veins. Following the stent procedure, lower extremity symptoms swiftly resolved, allowing the patient to significantly improve her ability to ambulate. There have been no signs of TIA since her procedures, and her venous symptoms have been stable.

In patients with TIA or stroke from a paradoxical embolism, MTS should be considered as a potential etiology. Endovascular intervention to treat the underlying MTS should also be considered to decrease the risk of recurrent DVT and embolism.
Complicated Open Repair of Type B Aortic Dissection in a Patient With Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Rescued by Endovascular Intervention
Authors: Chhabra Jaineet S. , Zhou Wei
Published: March 2022

Ehlers-Danlos is a connective tissue disorder characterized by hypermobile joints, hyperextensible skin, and increased bleeding tendency. We report a case involving endovascular repair of an intussusception of aortic dissection that occurred in an Ehlers-Danlos patient following surgical repair of an intercostal artery bleed. Given the rarity of Ehlers-Danlos, continued reporting of treatment outcomes is important for refining complication management in this population. Our experience lends support for endovascular rescue of failed aortic repair that may arise in Ehlers-Danlos patients and contributes to the otherwise small body of literature concerning endovascular intervention in this population overall.
A controllable privacy data transmission mechanism for Internet of things system based on blockchain
Authors: Nie ZiXiang , Long YuanZhenTai , Zhang SenLin , Lu YueMing
Published: March 2022

With the in-depth integration of traditional industries and information technology in Internet of things, wireless sensor networks are used more frequently to transmit the data generated from various application scenarios. Structural health monitoring is a scene that requires recurrent data transmission in Internet of things, and the wireless sensor networks in Internet of things not only have storage and communication capabilities, but also have computing capabilities. Therefore, the demand for intelligent and decentralized data exchange between them has increased significantly which brings challenges with respect to low data reliability, chaotic data circulation, provenance tracking, and data accountability investigating, threatening the data security of structural health monitoring in Internet of things utilization. In this article, we propose a controllable data transmission mechanism based on the consortium blockchain to content the requirements of the Internet of things scenario. We identify a version-based, fine-grained, and privacy-protected data structure and propose the corresponding smart contracts for our mechanism to ensure the trusted data transmission. To prove the feasibility of our mechanism, a prototype system is implemented based on the Hyperledger Fabric, an open-source consortium blockchain framework. Our experimental results show in practice the usability and scalability of the approach in this article.
The Highs and Lows of Interviewing Legal Elites
Authors: Gupta Surabhi , Harvey William S.
Published: March 2022

This article addresses some of the challenges faced by researchers who are seeking to identify, gain access to, conduct interviews with, and analyze data from elites. Drawing on the first author’s experience of conducting elite interviews as a source of social research regarding laws and legal processes, this article offers both theoretical and practical insights. Theoretically, we examine interviews with senior legal experts as a particular form of elite interviewing. Interviewing legal elites poses its own set of challenges that at times relate to and sometimes depart from other experiences of interviewing elite groups. Practically, we provide suggestions for how researchers new to elite interviewing and those more experienced can reflect on and navigate different stages of their field research to help capture novel insights. Paradoxically, we show that while an uncomfortable conversation can appear to the researcher that it has not gone well, often it can be a sign of a high quality elite interview.
Gut microbiota and inflammation in Parkinson’s disease: Pathogenetic and therapeutic insights
Authors: Guo Tong , Chen Li
Published: March 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss and α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation. With the acceleration of population aging process, the incidence of PD is expected to increase, putting a heavy burden on the whole society. Recent studies have found the alterations of gut microbiota (GM) in PD patients and the clinical relevance of these changes, indicating the underlying relationship between GM and PD. Additionally, elevated inflammatory responses originating from the gut play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of PD, which is closely associated with GM. In this review, we will summarize recent studies on the correlation between GM and PD, and discuss the possible pathogenesis of PD mediated by GM and subsequent inflammatory cascades. We will also focus on the promising GM-based therapeutic strategies of PD, including antibiotics, probiotics and/or prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary interventions, aiming to provide some new therapeutic insights for PD.
Response of spray number density and evaporation rate to velocity oscillations
Authors: Kulkarni Sagar , Silva Camilo F. , Polifke Wolfgang
Published: March 2022

A theoretical investigation of the effect of gas velocity oscillations on droplet number density and evaporation rate is presented. Oscillations in gas velocity cause a number density wave, i.e. an inhomogeneous, unsteady variation of droplet concentration. The number density wave, as it propagates downstream at the mean flow speed, causes modulation of the local evaporation rate, creating a vapour wave with corresponding oscillations in equivalence ratio. The present work devises an analytical formulation of these processes. Firstly, the response of a population of droplets to oscillations in the gas velocity is modelled in terms of a number density wave. Secondly, the formulation is extended to incorporate droplet evaporation, such that an analytical expression for the evaporation rate modulation is obtained. Subsequently, the droplet 1D convection-diffusion transport equation with the calculated evaporation source term is solved using an appropriate Green’s function to determine the resulting equivalence ratio perturbations. The dynamic response of equivalence ratio fluctuations to velocity oscillations is finally characterized in terms of a frequency-dependent transfer function. The aforementioned analytical approach relies on a number of simplifying approximations, nevertheless it was validated with good agreement against 1D Euler-Lagrange CFD simulations.
Including grand corruption in the EU Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime: Why it matters
Authors: Gordini Massimo , Szczypska Katarzyna , İnalcı Aslınur
Published: March 2022

When the EU adopted the Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime (GHRSR) to impose targeted sanctions on human rights violators, grand corruption remained outside the array of abuses covered by the instrument. Nevertheless, grand corruption creates the conditions for large-scale systemic human rights violations and enables patronal networks whose goals are inherently opposed to those of the EU’s values-based foreign policy. The inclusion of grand corruption in the GHRSR would provide Brussels with an instrument to influence these networks to its own advantage, address the root causes of human rights abuses and defend its own democratic institutions. Further changes to the GHRSR, such as the introduction of qualified majority voting and the inclusion of the European Parliament and/or civil society in the listing process, would complete the picture and make this sanctions regime a powerful tool for the Union’s foreign policy.
Mapping Healthcare Spaces: A Systematic Scoping Review of Spatial and Behavioral Observation Methods
Authors: Lipson-Smith Ruby , McLaughlan Rebecca
Published: March 2022

Objective:

To provide a taxonomy of spatial observation methods that are commonly used in healthcare environments research and to describe their relative success.

Background:

Spatial observation is a valuable but resource intensive research method that is often used in healthcare environments research, but which frequently fails to deliver conclusive results. There is no existing catalog of the different spatial and behavioral observation methods that are used in healthcare design research and their benefits or limitations.

Methods:

The review adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Ten key databases were searched, and articles were screened by both authors.

Results:

Across 67 included studies, 79 observation methods were reported. We categorized those into four, distinct methodological approaches, outlining the benefits, limitations, and suitability of each for obtaining different types of results. Common limitations included difficulty generalizing to other contexts and a lack of detailed description during data collection which led to key environment variables not being recorded. More concrete conclusions were drawn when observation methods were combined with complimentary methods such as interview.

Conclusions:

The relative success of spatial observation studies is dependent on the fit of the method selected relative to the research question, approach, and healthcare setting; any complimentary methods delivered alongside it; and the analysis model employed. This article provides researchers with practical advice to guide the appropriate selection of spatial observation methods.
Physical activity domains, levels, and health-related quality of life among Nigerian adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Ugwueze Fabian Chibunine , Agbaje Olaoluwa Samson
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic spurred unprecedented public health measures to curb its spread. Such measures might have negatively impacted adolescents’ participation in physical activity and health-related quality of life. However, the evidence is unclear in Nigerian adolescents. This study assessed the physical activity domains, levels, and health-related quality of life in Nigerian adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Methods:

The sample consisted of 430 students in public secondary schools in Nsukka, Enugu State. The students were randomly selected to participate in the cross-sectional study between November 2020 and April 2021. The Demographic Profile Form, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Short Form-36 Health Survey, and Perceived Susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 Infection Questionnaire were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, independent-samples t-test, univariate ANOVA, and multiple linear regressions were conducted using SPSS version 25.

Results:

The mean score of total physical activity (MET-min/week) was 1651.3 ( SD = 842.18). The mean overall score of health-related quality of life was 78.30 ( SD = 16.43). The mental health component of health-related quality of life showed that adolescents had poor mental health status. Female adolescents had higher mean scores in physical component summary ( M = 83.03; SD = 27.36) and mental component summary ( M = 51.19; SD = 8.69) than the male adolescents, physical component summary ( M = 69.0; SD = 21.65) and mental component summary ( M = 46.15; SD = 10.71).

Conclusion:

The findings showed a significant positive association among gender, class of study, parental type, perceived susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019, and physical activity domains, levels, and health-related quality of life. In addition, boys had a higher mean score of total physical activity (MET-min/week) than the girls. More girls were less active than the boys. However, concerning the health-related quality of life, girls had higher mean scores in physical component summary and mental component summary than boys. Physical activity interventions that specifically target female adolescents’ physical activity participation are needed. Also, mental health interventions are needed to improve the mental health status of adolescents, especially boys in the post–coronavirus disease 2019 era.
The experiences of community-dwelling individuals with newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes in using patient-reported outcomes in a municipal setting
Authors: Eriksen Jeppe , Bygholm Ann , Nielsen Signe Hudtloff , Bertelsen Pernille
Published: March 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine the experiences of citizens with newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes when using a newly developed and implemented patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaire as part of clinical practice in a municipal setting. Specifically, the citizens’ experiences in completing the PRO questionnaire and using the PRO data in consultations were examined.

Methods

The study was based on participant observations and semi-structured interviews and conducted at the Centre for Diabetes in Copenhagen and online. Participants were recruited deliberately to represent different cases of citizens with type-2 diabetes. Ten citizens were observed during consultation with an healthcare professional (HCP) and subsequently interviewed. The interviews were recorded as audio or video and transcribed verbatim. A thematic analysis was performed on the basis of previously described guidelines.

Results

The PRO instigated reflections and enlightened citizens on disease-specific matters and motivated citizens to engage in self-management activities. During the citizen-HCP consultations, the PRO data prepared the actors before the meeting and enabled structured, effective and relevant conversations. However, the PRO questionnaire lacked response options, triggered citizen concerns about future health conditions and made them unsure if their answers were correct and aware that they lacked disease-specific knowledge. The experiences were linked to the citizens' situation as newly diagnosed with type-2 diabetes.

Conclusion

The informants found the PRO questionnaire and data meaningful and useful. However, adjustments are needed if the PRO instrument is to resemble the disease situation of citizens with newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes.
“I am chatbot, your virtual mental health adviser.” What drives citizens’ satisfaction and continuance intention toward mental health chatbots during the COVID-19 pandemic? An empirical study in China
Authors: Zhu Yonghan , Wang Rui , Pu Chengyan
Published: March 2022

Introduction

In order to address the psychological problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health chatbots have been extensively used by public sectors. According to Theory of Consumption Values, this paper proposed an analytical framework to investigate the determinants behind users’ satisfaction and continuance intention toward mental health chatbots.

Methods

The empirical study was conducted through an online survey, facilitated by the use of questionnaire posted on the WeChat platform. Seven-point Likert scale and closed-ended questions were employed. Totally 371 valid samples were collected. The research data was tested via the partial least squares structural equation modeling. Gender, age, and income were included as control variables.

Results

Analysis of samples collected from 371 Chinese users suggested that personalization (functional value), enjoyment (emotional value), learning (epistemic value), and the condition of the COVID-19 pandemic (conditional value) have positive influences on user satisfaction and continuance intention, but such effects were weak. The findings also revealed that user satisfaction has weakly positive impact on continuance intention. However, voice interaction (functional value) was an insignificant predictor of user satisfaction and continuance intention.

Discussion

This study developed a critical perspective on the role of Theory of Consumption Values in the context of mental health chatbot usage, while Theory of Consumption Value has been increasingly employed to explain the use of AI-based public services. Thus, this research devotes to the enhancement of theoretical frameworks regarding the usage of mental health chatbots.
Multiple clocks in network evolution
Authors: Bianchi Federica , Stivala Alex , Lomi Alessandro
Published: March 2022

Relational event models shift the analytical focus away from network ties defined in terms of transitions between mutually exclusive states of connectivity, to bonding processes emerging from observable flows linking senders and receivers of action. In this framework, the possibility to connect social mechanisms of theoretical interest to sequences of observed relational events depends on the relative speed at which these mechanisms operate. Building on established non-parametric methods in survival analysis, in this paper we introduce a new approach to the analysis of the internal time distribution of relational mechanisms of broad theoretical interest in research on the evolutionary dynamics of social and other kinds of networks. We propose general algorithms that may be adopted to study the time structure of theoretically relevant network mechanisms. We illustrate the practical value of our proposal in an analysis of a large sample of high-frequency financial transactions observed over a period of 11 years. We show how the internal time structure of the social mechanisms that control flows of market transactions is sensitive to institutional change in transaction regimes induced by successive financial crises. The results we report invite reflection on a new notion of network “structure” incorporating change as one of its constitutive elements. The study suggests a number of conjectures that provide broad conceptual bases for the development of testable hypotheses about the forces that shape the evolutionary dynamics of network structure.
Implications of a Diabetic Foot Xerosis Treatment With an Emulsion Containing the Plant-Based Anionic Phospholipids
Authors: Glonek Thomas , Greiner Jack V. , Oliver Paula J. , Baker Terrance L.
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

This study compares and contrasts a skin cream containing plant-based anionic polar phospholipid (APP) technology with a mineral oil hydrocarbon (petrolatum)-based (MHB) skin cream technology in the treatment of skin xerosis (dryness) in diabetic feet. Skin cream with APP technology promotes phospholipid absorption, reparation of intercellular lamellae, and organization of water promoting hydration; whereas skin cream with mineral hydrocarbon-based (MHB) technology principally covers skin, preventing dehydration.

Methods:

Subjects (n = 54) with diagnoses of diabetes mellitus and foot skin dryness were studied using a multicenter, double-blind, masked-study design. An emulsion cream containing 0.05% APP in triglycerides (APP preparation) was compared to MHB skin cream, Eucerin® (MHB preparation) applied topically to skin of the feet. Graded measurements were recorded on 4 efficacy variables including dryness, erythema, fissures, and itching and neurovascular assessments. Implications of the plant-based and mineral-based skin creams in the context of skin xerosis are contrasted.

Results:

APP and MHB preparations were similar in effectiveness and safety. There was no significant difference among any of the 4 efficacy variables ( P < .5) including neurovascular measurements. The APP preparation is absorbed into the skin, whereas the MHB skin cream leaves detectable residues after each application.

Conclusion:

Although the APP and MHB preparations were not significantly different in effectiveness and safety, distinctively, application of the APP skin cream preparation absorbed into the skin leaving no discernible residue in contrast to the MHB preparation leaving residues potentiating textile damage. Both of these technologies function in the hydration of skin; however, they differ in their modes of action. The plant-based APP preparation functions actively by phospholipid and triglyceride absorption, reparation of skin lamellae, and in the consequent delivery and organization of waters of hydration in skin. The MHB preparation functions passively, hydrating the skin it covers by sealing the skin against dehydration.
Promoting Choice Using Switches in People With Severe Disabilities: A Case Report
Authors: Zorzi Simone , Marangone Eva , Giorgeschi Fabrizio , Berteotti Laura
Published: March 2022

People with severe intellectual disabilities have a remarkably high risk of spending most of their lifetime without the possibility of engaging their surroundings. This study aimed to verify if it is possible to teach operant and choice behaviours for autonomus managment of leisure activity throught switches to people with severe intellectual disabilities. A two-switches training program was implemented following three subsequent steps: (1) switch pressure learning; (2) choice behavior learning (Level 1: choices between preferred and non-preferred stimuli; Level 2: choices between preferred and neutral stimuli); (3) subjective satisfaction. A single subject (N=1) multiple probe design, using intermittent probe sessions across behaviors, demonstrated experimental control. Results confirm the effectiveness of training in promoting both repertoires of switch pressure and choice behavior. The response rate and accuracy were statistically significant ( r range: .83–.99). The study shed light on the possibility of autonomous activity management through switches for persons with severe intellectual disabilities.
Consistency and Specificity of Attachments to Parents, Friends, and Romantic Partners in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Bohn Johannes , Holtmann Jana , Luhmann Maike , Koch Tobias , Eid Michael
Published: March 2022

The idea of a general working model of attachment suggests a high consistency among the attachments to different attachment figures. However, many empirical results show that attachments to different attachment figures differ substantially. In this study, 512 emerging adults rated their attachment quality to one parent, the romantic partner, and several friends over three measurement occasions. We used a multilevel structural equation model to examine the degree of consistency and different aspects of specificity. Attachment to parents was strongly associated with the attachment to friends (around r = .4) and less strongly with the attachment to romantic partners (around r = .3). However, most of the variance was specific to the different attachment figures. Attachments to different friends were more strongly correlated with each other than with the attachments to figures of other domains. The results hint at the existence of specific attachment patterns for every domain of attachment figures.
A Useful Technique for Templating the Reverse Radial Forearm Flap (RFF) for Thumb Degloving Injuries
Authors: Christopoulos Georgios , Thomson David R. , Jones Martin E.
Published: March 2022

Degloving injuries of the thumb pose a significant challenge as replantation is usually unsuccessful. A 60-year-old man was transferred to “ Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Trust” four hours after having his left thumb completely avulsed at metacarpophalangeal level. The anastomosis repeatedly failed during urgent replantation and a distally based pedicled RFF was utilized. To achieve accurate flap design, we used the amputated part as a template for the missing tissue. After a longitudinal cut exposing the inner surface, the thumb was placed flat on top of a clean gauze package which was used as a paper template for the skin paddle; the flap was subsequently sutured without tension. Since the circumferential soft tissue envelope is three-dimensional, accurate designing of the flap on the forearm is vital. We propose a useful technique using the amputated part to enable a precise estimation of the tissue requirements to reduce potential complications related to flap inset.
Isometry of the lateral, posterolateral and anterolateral knee complex: a cadaveric study
Authors: Cherif Mikael , Bouhali Haroun , Chanteux Lucas , Guerot Maxime , Boukebous Baptiste , Maillot Cédric , Rousseau Marc-Antoine
Published: March 2022

Objectives:

There is no consensus on the insertion points for reconstruction of lateral ligament complex injuries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relative isometry between easily identifiable bony ridges in order to recommend adequate reconstruction of the external structures: the lateral collateral ligament, the popliteus complex and the anterolateral ligament.

Methods:

After dissection of the cutaneous and subcutaneous planes of six lower limbs from 3 anatomical subjects, metal markers were fixed on 7 anatomical edges of interest: no. 1: posteroproximal to the lateral epicondyle, within a bony depression - no. 2: at the tip of the lateral epicondyle - no. 3: 18 mm distal and 0.84 mm anterior to the LCL insertion - no. 4: at Gerdy’s tubercle - no. 5: at the anterior part of the fibular head - no. 6: at the posterior part of the fibular head - no. 7: at the popliteal fossa of the tibia, 10 mm medial to the proximal tibiofibular joint, and 10 mm inferior to the joint space. The distance between these points was measured with a caliper at 0, 30, 60 and 90 degrees of flexion in neutral rotation.

Results:

We noted a decrease in the distance between anatomic femoral and fibular LCL (pair) insertions 1-5 during flexion (63 mm ± 2.6 to 50 mm ± 4.8). The most isometric positions were identified for the following point pairs: 2-5 (57 mm ± 3.4 to 55 mm ± 3), 3-6 (60 mm ± 3.5 to 59 mm ± 3.2), 2-4 (52 mm ± 4.6 to 55 mm ± 2.7) and 3-7 (53 mm ± 6.4 to 52 mm ± 4.6). We noted no difference between knees.

Conclusion:

These results show that the anatomical structures are not isometric. However, some easily identifiable point pairs of the lateral aspect of the knee show an isometric feature. Therefore, we recommend using pairs 2-5 for the LCL, 2-4 for the ALL and 3-7 for the PC.
Open Latarjet: should there be concern about a SLAP lesion?
Authors: Pillot Sabine , Garcia-Maya Beatriz , Billaud Anselme
Published: March 2022

Objectives:

A SLAP Lesion is present in 20% of the cases of anterior instability and is not treated during an open bone block. The objective of this study is to compare the results after open Latarjet with or without type-V SLAP lesion on imaging, in patients who practice sports.

Methods:

A retrospective study of 50 patients. Inclusion criteria were participation in sports, anterior unidirectional instability with coracoid bone block procedure, contrast imaging before surgery, and more than 12 months of follow-up. Group 1 had 12 cases of type-V SLAP lesion diagnosed on contrast imaging and control group 2 had 38 cases. Patients were evaluated by Quick-Dash, Rowe, VAS pain and Satisfaction scores by an online questionnaire. Resumption of sports and the level were also evaluated.

Results:

The mean age was 22 years (16.36 ± 5) and the mean follow-up was 27 months (12.42 ± 9). 34 patients played a contact sport, 20 of whom played rugby. The 2 groups were comparable for the variables of age, gender, number of dislocations, practicing sports, glenoid substance loss and Hill-Sachs lesion. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups for the Quick-Dash and VAS Satisfaction scores. A recurrence such as an incomplete dislocation was reported in each group. The Rowe score was 79 (25,100 ± 23) in group 1 vs 91 (40,100 ± 15) in group 2 (p = 0.018, P = 55%). In the SLAP group, the proportions of patients with no pain and no residual apprehension were lower (50% vs 77%, 50% vs 79%), and sports resumption was less (83% vs 91%) without attaining significance.

Conclusion:

Patients with type-V SLAP lesion had poorer results after open Latarjet. These results should be confirmed on a larger sample and do not preclude the importance of a complementary procedure for SLAP lesions, the treatment of which remains controversial.
Thrower’s shoulder: 3D Experimental evaluation of scapulothoracic dyskinesia by EOS imaging
Authors: Lacroix Paul Maxime , Billaud Anselme
Published: March 2022

Objectives:

In thrower’s shoulder pathology, scapulothoracic (S) dyskinesia (D) is classified by Kibler in 3 stages. However, the clinical or radiological diagnosis of SD is difficult and not very reproducible. The objective of this study was to evaluate scapular positioning on dry bones using low-dose 3D EOS imaging.

Methods:

A full-scale dry-bone S model (MODEL) was created which included the 2 scapulae and the thorax. A system of wedges enables adjustment of the right scapula to simulate the 3 stages of SD (MODEL0, MODEL1, MODEL2, MODEL3). Each MODEL was imaged in 7 random positions. The following points were identified by 2 observers: C7, T12, the xiphoid process, the inferomedial angle, the coracoid and the fulcrum. 28 S positioning measurements were taken. Inter- and intra-observer reproducibility were evaluated.

Results:

The thoracic and scapular points of interest are easily identified except for the fulcrum. The inter- and intra-observer reproducibility of the measurements were 94% and 94% for superior translation, 90% and 87% for protraction, 96% and 96% for anterior tilt, 75% and 86% for internal rotation, and 91% and 91% for lateral rotation. The average difference between the measurements of the 2 observers was -0.1 cm for distances (-3.3; 0.5; +/- 0.5) and -0.3° for angles (-8; 13; +/- 2.8).

Conclusion:

Bi-planar EOS imaging allows simple reproducible measurement of S positioning on dry bone. It could be used for diagnostic evaluation and quantification of SD. Low irradiation could play a role in the therapeutic follow-up. The potential in clinical use is yet to be confirmed.
The natural long-term course of unrepaired ramp lesion: a retrospective analysis of 28 patients followed for at least 20 years
Authors: Fayard Jean-Marie , Tuphe Pierre , Freychet Benjamin , Sonnery-Cottet Bertrand , Chambat Pierre , Thaunat Mathieu , Unal Pauline
Published: March 2022

Objectives:

Ramp lesion is a specific type of injury, located in the posterior horn of the medial meniscus. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the complications for meniscal ramp lesions left in situ during ACL reconstruction, after more than 20 months of follow up.

Methods:

All patients who underwent arthroscopic ACLR between January 1998 and December 2000 were evaluated retrospectively. Surgery was performed by the same surgeon. In case of a stable vertical tear, i.e. without instability, the lesion was left in situ, without suture or debridement. The following parameters were examined: demographics; history and clinical findings including time between injury and surgery, side-to-side laxity, pivot shift; knee function and activity by Lysholm score, subjective IKDC, KOOS and Tegner activity scale; and progression to bucket handle. We established two groups: the bucket handle group versus the no bucket handle group.

Results:

A total of 716 patients underwent a primary ACLR during this period. The overall incidence of ramp lesions in the study population was 5.4% (39 ramp lesions in 716 patients). Mean follow-up time was 262.1 (± 10.5) months. Bucket handle tear of the medial meniscus occurs in 21.4% of our population, with an average lead time of 99 (± 50) months, and a concentration of injuries between 96 and 156 months. The postoperative scores significantly improved for the entire population at more than 20 years of follow-up (p <0.0001), except for the Tegner score (p = 0.3424). Functional scores and side-to-side laxity were the same for the two groups. No risk factors were identified.

Conclusion:

There is a high incidence of bucket-handle injury after ACL surgery with a residual ramp lesion (21.4%). This high rate is only found in series with a long follow-up, since these lesions appear between 8 and 12 years after the first surgery.