bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proteomic analyses provide new insights into the responses of Pinus massoniana seedlings to phosphorus deficiency
Authors: Fan Fuhua , Ding Guijie , Wen Xiaopeng
Published: November 2015

Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Plants can respond defensively to phosphorus deficiency by modifying their morphology and metabolic pathways via the differential expression of low phosphate responsive genes. To better understand the mechanisms by which the Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) adapts to phosphorus deficiency, we conducted comparative proteomic analysis using an elite line exhibiting high tolerance to phosphorus deficiency. The selected seedlings were treated with 0.5 mM KH2PO4 (control), 0.01 mM KH2PO4 (P1), or 0.06 mM KH2PO4 (P2) for 48 days. Total protein samples were separated via 2DE. A total of 98 differentially expressed proteins, which displayed at least 1.7‐fold change expression compared to the control levels (p ≤ 0.05), were identified by MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS. These phosphate starvation responsive proteins were implicated in photosynthesis, defense, cellular organization, biosynthesis, energy metabolism, secondary metabolism, signal transduction etc. Therefore, these proteins might play important roles in facilitating internal phosphorus homeostasis. Additionally, the obtained data may be useful for the further characterization of gene function and may provide a foundation for a more comprehensive understanding of the adaptations of the Masson pine to phosphorus‐deficient conditions.
Longitudinal social cognitive influences on physical activity and sedentary time in Hispanic breast cancer survivors
Authors: Mama Scherezade K. , Song Jaejoon , Ortiz Alexis , Tirado‐Gomez Maribel , Palacios Cristina , Hughes Daniel C. , Basen‐Engquist Karen
Published: November 2015

Objective

This study evaluated the effect of two home‐based exercise interventions (one culturally adapted and one standard) on changes in social cognitive theory (SCT) variables, physical activity (PA), and sedentary time (ST), and determined the association between changes in SCT variables and changes in PA and ST in Hispanic breast cancer survivors.

Method

Project VIVA! was a 16‐week randomized controlled pilot study to test the effectiveness and feasibility of a culturally adapted exercise intervention for Mexican American and Puerto Rican breast cancer survivors in Houston, Texas and San Juan, Puerto Rico, respectively. Women (N = 89) completed questionnaires on SCT variables, PA, and ST and were then randomized to a 16‐week culturally adapted exercise program, a non‐culturally adapted standard exercise intervention or a wait‐list control group. Multiple regression models were used to determine associations between changes in SCT variables and changes in PA and ST.

Results

Participants were in their late 50s (58.5 ± 9.2 years) and obese (31.0 ± 6.5 kg/m2). Women reported doing roughly 34.5 min/day of PA and spending over 11 h/day in sedentary activities. Across groups, women reported significant increases in exercise self‐efficacy and moderate‐intensity, vigorous‐intensity, and total PA from baseline to follow‐up (p < 0.05). Increased social support from family was associated with increases in vigorous‐intensity PA. Increases in social modeling were associated with increases in moderate‐intensity and total PA and with decreases in ST from baseline to follow‐up (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Hispanic cancer survivors benefit from PA interventions that focus on increasing social support from family and friends and social modeling. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utilizing Multifaceted Rasch Measurement Through FACETS to Evaluate Science Education Data Sets Composed of Judges, Respondents, and Rating Scale Items: An Exemplar Utilizing the Elementary Science Teaching Analysis Matrix Instrument
Authors: BOONE WILLIAM J. , TOWNSEND J. SCOTT , STAVER JOHN R.
Published: November 2015

When collecting data, science education researchers frequently have multiple respondents evaluate multiple artifacts using multiple criteria. Herein, the authors introduce Multifaceted Rasch Measurement (MFRM) analysis and explain why MFRM must be used when “judges’” data are collected.  The authors use data from elementary science methods students enrolled in a senior‐level, semester‐length course.  Acting as judges, students used the 23‐item Elementary Science Teaching Analysis Matrix (ESTAM) instrument to evaluate five separate science lessons taught by five different teachers. Our MFRM analysis documents that multiple judges need not act as identical robots. Rather, differences in judges’ severity can be computed and corrections made in an analysis to take into consideration differing judge severity. This paper extends the current literature in Science Education regarding the application of Rasch measurement.
Formation of layered structure porous‐type anodic alumina films locally with a solution flow‐type micro‐droplet cell
Authors: Sakairi Masatoshi , Nishino Fumika , Itzinger Regina
Published: November 2015

A solution flow‐type micro‐droplet cell with co‐axial dual capillary tubes (Sf‐MDC) was applied to form porous‐type anodic alumina film with layered structure at selected areas on aluminum. The anodizing process with different repetition numbers, yielding different oxide layer numbers, was performed with the Sf‐MDC. The investigation of cross sections of the formed oxide showed that the pore diameter widened at the boundary between layers. From a simulated anodizing process with the Sf‐MDC, the reason for this modification of the pores was suggested to be intermittent anodizing with processes of drying up of the solution of the pores and widening at the bottom of the pores. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fully Automated Three‐Dimensional Column‐Switching SPE–FIA–HPLC System for the Characterization of Lipids by a Single Injection: Part I. Instrumental Design and Chemometric Approach to Assess the Effect of Experimental Settings on the Response of ELSD
Authors: Arslan Fatma Nur , Kara Huseyin
Published: November 2015

This article presents the first application of fully automated three‐dimensional (3D) column‐switching SPE–FIA–HPLC system for the characterization of lipids by a single injection. The whole system was designed and set up by modifying Agilent 1200 Series HPLC system in our laboratory. By using this system, a complete separation profile of the oil samples was achieved in a very short time period by using single injections. This approach was applied on vegetable oils which contains a large number of relatively high‐class lipid components, such as TG, FFA, sterols, tocopherols, DG, ester and MG. In this part of the study, we focused on the optimization of evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) by using an experimental design and RSM. Three experimental parameters were chosen as an independent variables which are the flow rate of mobile phase, nebulization temperature and evaporation temperature. A multivariate five level experimental design was used to establish a quadratic model as a functional relationship between the response values and independent variables. The optimal values of parameters were found to be a flow rate of 1.25 mL min−1, nebulization temperature of 80 °C, and evaporation temperature of 40 °C. Regression analysis with an R2 values indicated as a satisfactory correlation between the experimental and predicted values. ANOVA test results were also illustrate that the models can be successfully used to predict the optimum parameters of ELSD. Thus, the proposed system is suitable for a large number of applications including research and development of new quality control and characterization methods for vegetable oils.
Preferred interparticle spacings in trains of particles in inertial microchannel flows
Authors: Kahkeshani Soroush , Haddadi Hamed , Di Carlo Dino
Published: November 2015

Suspended particles migrate towards inertial focusing positions close to walls and align into trains in finite inertia conduit flow. The relative contribution of inertial and viscous forces at the particle length scale, defined by the particle Reynolds number ($\mathit{Re}_{p}$), is a key parameter, where $\mathit{Re}_{p}=\langle \dot{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}}\rangle D^{2}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$ depends on the mean shear rate $\langle \dot{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}}\rangle$, particle diameter $D$ and fluid kinematic viscosity $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$. Controlling the location of inertial focusing positions and the interparticle distance is critical in applications such as flow cytometry, imaging and cell entrapment in droplets. By using experimental observations in rectangular microchannels and lattice Boltzmann numerical simulations of dilute suspension flow, the spacing between particles aligned in trains is measured. From the modes of the probability density function of interparticle spacing, preferred spacings at $5D$ and $2.5D$ are observed. At lower $\mathit{Re}_{p}$, the preferred spacing forms around $5D$, and with increasing $\mathit{Re}_{p}$ the spacing at $2.5D$ becomes more pronounced. With increasing concentration of the suspension the spacing is influenced by particle crowding effects until stable trains are no longer observed.
Kaupapa Māori Methodology: Trusting the Methodology Through Thick and Thin
Authors: Hiha Anne Aroha
Published: November 2015

Kaupapa Māori is thoroughly theorised in academia in Aotearoa and those wishing to use it as their research methodology can find support through the writing of a number of Māori academics. What is not so well articulated, is the experiential voice of those who have used Kaupapa Māori as research methodology. My identity as a Māori woman researching with Māori women became integral to my methodology and approach to the research. The highs and lows of my research experiences with Kaupapa Māori methodology are examined in this article. The discussion contends that Kaupapa Māori research methodology can be a framework, guide and support for research within a Māori context and adds an experiential aspect to understanding the wider field of Indigenous research methodology. My hope is that through my experience with Kaupapa Māori methodology other Māori and Indigenous researchers will be eager to embrace their own research methodologies.
TROUBLE WITH GYPSIES IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND
Authors: CRESSY DAVID
Published: November 2015

This article explores the social, legal, and administrative response in Tudor and early Stuart England to people known in law as ‘Egyptians’ or ‘counterfeit Egyptians’ but commonly called ‘Gypsies’. It argues that such people differed from ordinary poor vagrants in their heritage, their language, and such activities as horse dealing and fortune-telling. Elizabethan and Jacobean publications placed Gypsies on the fringes of fecklessness, criminality, and the picaresque, and established a stereotype of deceit and imposture that has not yet disappeared. Acts of Parliament in 1531, 1554, and 1563 criminalized ‘Egyptians’, forbidding their entry, ordering their expulsion, and eventually making them liable to the death penalty. Enforcement, however, was haphazard, and repression co-existed uneasily with growing registers of tolerance. This is a neglected topic in early modern social history, with links to international and interdisciplinary Romani studies as well as work on itinerancy, ethnicity, and marginality.
The timing of lexical and syntactic processes in second language sentence comprehension
Authors: HOPP HOLGER
Published: November 2015

This paper investigates how lexical processing difficulty affects second language (L2) syntactic processing. In a self-paced reading experiment with 36 monolingual and 62 first language German speakers of English, we test how differences in lexical frequency moderate structural processing differences between subject and object clefts. For the L2 group, the results show linear relations between verb frequency and the location of the reading difficulty resulting from the structurally more complex object clefts. Native speakers evince comparable effects only in lower word frequency ranges. The findings indicate that greater demands on lexical processing may cause non-native-like syntactic processing in that they attenuate and delay effects of structure building in L2 sentence processing. We discuss implications for current models of L2 sentence processing.
Human security benchmarks: Governing human wellbeing at a distance
Authors: HOMOLAR ALEXANDRA
Published: November 2015

When the United Nations Development Programme formally introduced the concept of human security in 1994, it was widely celebrated as a long-overdue humanist alternative to orthodox models of security. Today, human security is a buzzword for describing the complex challenges that individuals and communities face in achieving safety and wellbeing in an insecure world. This article directs attention away from the emancipatory and empowering qualities commonly ascribed to human security to explore, instead, the specific role of benchmarking within the wider human security agenda. The main focus here is on the ways in which human life has been operationalised, measured, and classified to create indicators that permit judgements about individual security and insecurity. The article argues that although a single global human security benchmark has yet to be established, the main indices used as performance metrics of human insecurity have produced a narrow understanding of what it means to live a ‘secure’ life and have reinforced the state as the main focal point of international security governance.
How activists use benchmarks: Reformist and revolutionary benchmarks for global economic justice
Authors: SEABROOKE LEONARD , WIGAN DUNCAN
Published: November 2015

Non-governmental organisations use benchmarks as a form of symbolic violence to place political pressure on firms, states, and international organisations. The development of benchmarks requires three elements: (1) salience, that the community of concern is aware of the issue and views it as important; (2) will, that activists and issue entrepreneurs will carry the message forward; and (3) expertise, that benchmarks created can be defended as accurate representations of what is happening on the issue of concern. We contrast two types of benchmarking cycles where salience, will, and expertise are put to the test. The first is a reformist benchmarking cycle where organisations defer to experts to create a benchmark that conforms with the broader system of politico-economic norms. The second is a revolutionary benchmarking cycle driven by expert-activists that seek to contest strong vested interests and challenge established politico-economic norms. Differentiating these cycles provides insights into how activists work through organisations and with expert networks, as well as how campaigns on complex economic issues can be mounted and sustained.
From Noun to Evaluative Adjective: Conversion or Debonding? DutchTopand Its Equivalents in German
Authors: Van Goethem Kristel , Hüning Matthias
Published: November 2015

In this study, we address the ways in which nouns can give rise to new adjectives in Dutch and German. More specifically, the focus is on words with an evaluative meaning that can be used in a wide range of morphological and syntactic constructions in recent (and informal) language. For example, the German nounHammer‘hammer’ can be used inHammervorstellung‘very good performance’ orhammer film‘fantastic film’. In the literature, two distinct hypotheses can be found to account for the adjectival uses of such evaluative nouns. The debonding hypothesis states that the intensifying bound morpheme has developed into a free morpheme. The conversion hypothesis suggests that the new adjectival uses are the result of a syntactic reanalysis of an N as an A that takes place in the predicative position. In our case study, we analyze the synchronic bound and free uses of Dutchtop, and we compare them with Germantopandspitze. We conclude that the emergence of the adjectival uses of these morphemes points toward an interaction between both processes involved, conversion and debonding.
ON THE MOTIVIC SPECTRAL SEQUENCE
Authors: Garkusha Grigory , Panin Ivan
Published: November 2015

It is shown that the Grayson tower for$K$-theory of smooth algebraic varieties is isomorphic to the slice tower of$S^{1}$-spectra. We also extend the Grayson tower to bispectra, and show that the Grayson motivic spectral sequence is isomorphic to the motivic spectral sequence produced by the Voevodsky slice tower for the motivic$K$-theory spectrum$\mathit{KGL}$. This solves Suslin’s problem about these two spectral sequences in the affirmative.
Strukturqualität in der stationären und teilstationären Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie
Authors: Schepker Renate , Fegert Jörg M. , Becker Katja
Published: November 2015

Zusammenfassung. Die Psychiatrie-Personalverordnung von 1990 hat zu enormem Bettenabbau und Verweildauerverkürzung in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie sowie zu intensiverer stationärer Psychotherapie geführt. Sie ist angesichts multipler Faktoren wie der Morbiditätsentwicklung, gestiegenen Notfällen sowie neuen fachlichen und Dokumentationsanforderungen veraltet. Auch neue rechtliche Vorgaben und Übereinkommen über die Rechte von Kindern wie die UN-Kinderrechtskonvention (UN-KRK) erfordern eine Neubewertung, die in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie durch eine normative Setzung im Sinne der Daseinsvorsorge implementiert werden sollte. Dazu ist eine Fülle an Argumentationsgrundlagen verfügbar.
The Silent Giant
Authors: Necek Magdalena , Biskup Ewelina
Published: November 2015

Stiller Riese

Zusammenfassung. Der solitäre fibröse Tumor (SFT) ist eine seltene Neoplasie. Am häufigsten nimmt er seinen Ausgang von der pulmonalen Pleura. Klinische Symptome treten oft erst auf, nachdem der Tumor eine erstaunliche Dimension erreicht hat und benachbarte Strukturen komprimiert. Die Diagnose erfolgt (immuno-) histologisch. Therapeutisch steht die chirurgische Totalresektion im Vordergrund. Wichtig ist eine langfristige und regelmässige Nachsorge, da Rezidive vorkommen und mit einer schlechten Prognose assoziiert sind.
miRNA–target chimeras reveal miRNA 3′-end pairing as a major determinant of Argonaute target specificity
Authors: Moore Michael J. , Scheel Troels K. H. , Luna Joseph M. , Park Christopher Y. , Fak John J. , Nishiuchi Eiko , Rice Charles M. , Darnell Robert B.
Published: November 2015

microRNAs (miRNAs) act as sequence-specific guides for Argonaute (AGO) proteins, which mediate posttranscriptional silencing of target messenger RNAs. Despite their importance in many biological processes, rules governing AGO–miRNA targeting are only partially understood. Here we report a modified AGO HITS-CLIP strategy termed CLEAR (covalent ligation of endogenous Argonaute-bound RNAs)-CLIP, which enriches miRNAs ligated to their endogenous mRNA targets. CLEAR-CLIP mapped ∼130,000 endogenous miRNA–target interactions in mouse brain and ∼40,000 in human hepatoma cells. Motif and structural analysis define expanded pairing rules for over 200 mammalian miRNAs. Most interactions combine seed-based pairing with distinct, miRNA-specific patterns of auxiliary pairing. At some regulatory sites, this specificity confers distinct silencing functions to miRNA family members with shared seed sequences but divergent 3′-ends. This work provides a means for explicit biochemical identification of miRNA sites in vivo, leading to the discovery that miRNA 3′-end pairing is a general determinant of AGO binding specificity.
Confocal multiview light-sheet microscopy
Authors: Medeiros Gustavo de , Norlin Nils , Gunther Stefan , Albert Marvin , Panavaite Laura , Fiuza Ulla-Maj , Peri Francesca , Hiiragi Takashi , Krzic Uros , Hufnagel Lars
Published: November 2015

Selective-plane illumination microscopy has proven to be a powerful imaging technique due to its unsurpassed acquisition speed and gentle optical sectioning. However, even in the case of multiview imaging techniques that illuminate and image the sample from multiple directions, light scattering inside tissues often severely impairs image contrast. Here we combine multiview light-sheet imaging with electronic confocal slit detection implemented on modern camera sensors. In addition to improved imaging quality, the electronic confocal slit detection doubles the acquisition speed in multiview setups with two opposing illumination directions allowing simultaneous dual-sided illumination. Confocal multiview light-sheet microscopy eliminates the need for specimen-specific data fusion algorithms, streamlines image post-processing, easing data handling and storage.
Hydrogen sulfide-induced itch requires activation of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel in mice
Authors: Wang Xue-Long , Tian Bin , Huang Ya , Peng Xiao-Yan , Chen Li-Hua , Li Jun-Cheng , Liu Tong
Published: November 2015

The contributions of gasotransmitters to itch sensation are largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a ubiquitous gasotransmitter, in itch signaling. We found that intradermal injection of H2S donors NaHS or Na2S, but not GYY4137 (a slow-releasing H2S donor), dose-dependently induced scratching behavior in a μ-opioid receptor-dependent and histamine-independent manner in mice. Interestingly, NaHS induced itch via unique mechanisms that involved capsaicin-insensitive A-fibers, but not TRPV1-expressing C-fibers that are traditionally considered for mediating itch, revealed by depletion of TRPV1-expressing C-fibers by systemic resiniferatoxin treatment. Moreover, local application of capsaizapine (TRPV1 blocker) or HC-030031 (TRPA1 blocker) had no effects on NaHS-evoked scratching. Strikingly, pharmacological blockade and silencing of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel by mibefradil, ascorbic acid, zinc chloride or Cav3.2 siRNA dramatically decreased NaHS-evoked scratching. NaHS induced robust alloknesis (touch-evoked itch), which was inhibited by T-type calcium channels blocker mibefradil. Compound 48/80-induced itch was enhanced by an endogenous precursor of H2S (L-cysteine) but attenuated by inhibitors of H2S-producing enzymes cystathionine γ-lyase and cystathionine β-synthase. These results indicated that H2S, as a novel nonhistaminergic itch mediator, may activates Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel, probably located at A-fibers, to induce scratching and alloknesis in mice.
Increased cytotoxicity and streptolysin O activity in group G streptococcal strains causing invasive tissue infections
Authors: Siemens Nikolai , Kittang Bård R. , Chakrakodi Bhavya , Oppegaard Oddvar , Johansson Linda , Bruun Trond , Mylvaganam Haima ,   INFECT Study Group, Arnell Per , Hyldegaard Ole , Nekludov Michael , Karlsson Ylva , Svensson Mattias , Skrede Steiner , Norrby-Teglund Anna
Published: November 2015

Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) has emerged as an important cause of severe skin and soft tissue infections, but little is known of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying tissue pathology. Patient samples and a collection of invasive and non-invasive group G SDSE strains (n = 69) were analyzed with respect to virulence factor expression and cytotoxic or inflammatory effects on human cells and 3D skin tissue models. SDSE strains efficiently infected the 3D-skin model and severe tissue pathology, inflammatory responses and altered production of host structural framework proteins associated with epithelial barrier integrity were evident already at 8 hours post-infection. Invasive strains were significantly more cytotoxic towards keratinocytes and expressed higher Streptokinase and Streptolysin O (SLO) activities, as compared to non-invasive strains. The opposite was true for Streptolysin S (SLS). Fractionation and proteomic analysis of the cytotoxic fractions implicated SLO as a factor likely contributing to the keratinocyte cytotoxicity and tissue pathology. Analyses of patient tissue biopsies revealed massive bacterial load, high expression of slo, as well as immune cell infiltration and pro-inflammatory markers. Our findings suggest the contribution of SLO to epithelial cytotoxicity and tissue pathology in SDSE tissue infections.
Metagenomic insights into communities, functions of endophytes and their associates with infection by root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, in tomato roots
Authors: Tian Bao-Yu , Cao Yi , Zhang Ke-Qin
Published: November 2015

Endophytes are known to play important roles in plant’s health and productivity. In this study, we investigated the root microbiome of tomato in association with infection by root knot nematodes. Our objectives were to observe the effects and response of the bacterial endophytes before nematode attacks and to reveal the functional attributes of microbes in plant health and nematode pathogenesis. Community analysis of root-associated microbiomes in healthy and nematode-infected tomatoes indicated that nematode infections were associated with variation and differentiation of the endophyte and rhizosphere bacterial populations in plant roots. The community of the resident endophytes in tomato root was significantly affected by nemato-pathogenesis. Remarkably, some bacterial groups in the nematode feeding structure, the root gall, were specifically enriched, suggesting an association with nematode pathogenesis. Function-based metagenomic analysis indicated that the enriched bacterial populations in root gall harbored abundant genes related to degradation of plant polysaccharides, carbohydrate and protein metabolism and biological nitrogen fixation. Our data indicated that some of the previously assumed beneficial endophytes or bacterial associates with nematode might be involved in nematode infections of the tomato roots.
Excitation energy dependent Raman spectrum of MoSe2
Authors: Nam Dahyun , Lee Jae-Ung , Cheong Hyeonsik
Published: November 2015

Raman investigation of MoSe2 was carried out with eight different excitation energies. Seven peaks, including E1g, A1g, E2g1 and A2u2 peaks are observed in the range of 100–400 cm−1. The phonon modes are assigned by comparing the peak positions with theoretical calculations. The intensities of the peaks are enhanced at different excitation energies through resonance with different optical transitions. The A1g mode is enhanced at 1.58 and 3.82 eV, which are near the A exciton energy and the band-to-band transition between higher energy bands, respectively. The E2g1 mode is strongly enhanced with respect to the A1g mode for the 2.71- and 2.81-eV excitations, which are close to the C exciton energy. The different enhancements of the A1g and E2g1 modes are explained in terms of the symmetries of the exciton states and the exciton-phonon coupling. Other smaller peaks including E1g and A2u2 are forbidden but appear due to the resonance effect near optical transition energies.
Ground state search, hysteretic behaviour and reversal mechanism of skyrmionic textures in confined helimagnetic nanostructures
Authors: Beg Marijan , Carey Rebecca , Wang Weiwei , Cortés-Ortuño David , Vousden Mark , Bisotti Marc-Antonio , Albert Maximilian , Chernyshenko Dmitri , Hovorka Ondrej , Stamps Robert L. , Fangohr Hans
Published: November 2015

Magnetic skyrmions have the potential to provide solutions for low-power, high-density data storage and processing. One of the major challenges in developing skyrmion-based devices is the skyrmions’ magnetic stability in confined helimagnetic nanostructures. Through a systematic study of equilibrium states, using a full three-dimensional micromagnetic model including demagnetisation effects, we demonstrate that skyrmionic textures are the lowest energy states in helimagnetic thin film nanostructures at zero external magnetic field and in absence of magnetocrystalline anisotropy. We also report the regions of metastability for non-ground state equilibrium configurations. We show that bistable skyrmionic textures undergo hysteretic behaviour between two energetically equivalent skyrmionic states with different core orientation, even in absence of both magnetocrystalline and demagnetisation-based shape anisotropies, suggesting the existence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya-based shape anisotropy. Finally, we show that the skyrmionic texture core reversal dynamics is facilitated by the Bloch point occurrence and propagation.
A new animal model of placebo analgesia: involvement of the dopaminergic system in reward learning
Authors: Lee In-Seon , Lee Bombi , Park Hi-Joon , Olausson Håkan , Enck Paul , Chae Younbyoung
Published: November 2015

We suggest a new placebo analgesia animal model and investigated the role of the dopamine and opioid systems in placebo analgesia. Before and after the conditioning, we conducted a conditioned place preference (CPP) test to measure preferences for the cues (Rooms 1 and 2) and a hot plate test (HPT) to measure the pain responses to high level-pain after the cues. In addition, we quantified the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and c-Fos in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as a response to reward learning and pain response. We found an enhanced preference for the low level-pain paired cue and enhanced TH expression in the VTA of the Placebo and Placebo + Naloxone groups. Haloperidol, a dopamine antagonist, blocked these effects in the Placebo + Haloperidol group. An increased pain threshold to high-heat pain and reduced c-Fos expression in the ACC were observed in the Placebo group only. Haloperidol blocked the place preference effect and naloxone and haloperidol blocked the placebo analgesia. Cue preference is mediated by reward learning via the dopamine system, whereas the expression of placebo analgesia is mediated by the dopamine and opioid systems.
ORMDL3 contributes to the risk of atherosclerosis in Chinese Han population and mediates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced autophagy in endothelial cells
Authors: Ma Xiaochun , Qiu Rongfang , Dang Jie , Li Jiangxia , Hu Qin , Shan Shan , Xin Qian , Pan Wenying , Bian Xianli , Yuan Qianqian , Long Feng , Liu Na , Li Yan , Gao Fei , Zou Chengwei , Gong Yaoqin , Liu Qiji
Published: November 2015

ORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 3 (ORMDL3) is a universally confirmed susceptibility gene for asthma and has recently emerged as a crucial modulator in lipid metabolism, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-the mechanisms also closely involved in atherosclerosis (AS). Here we first presented the evidence of two single nucleotide polymorphisms regulating ORMDL3 expression (rs7216389 and rs9303277) significantly associated with AS risk and the evidence of increased ORMDL3 expression in AS cases compared to controls, in Chinese Han population. Following the detection of its statistical correlation with AS, we further explored the functional relevance of ORMDL3 and hypothesized a potential role mediating autophagy as autophagy is activated upon modified lipid, inflammation and ER stress. Our results demonstrated that in endothelial cells oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) up-regulated ORMDL3 expression and knockdown of ORMDL3 alleviated not only ox-LDL-induced but also basal autophagy. BECN1 is essential for autophagy initiation and silencing of ORMDL3 suppressed ox-LDL-induced as well as basal BECN1 expression. In addition, deletion of ORMDL3 resulted in greater sensitivity to ox-LDL-induced cell death. Taken together, ORMDL3 might represent a causal gene mediating autophagy in endothelial cells in the pathogenesis of AS.
Prognostic significance of distal subtotal gastrectomy with standard D2 and extended D2 lymphadenectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Chun-Dong , Shen Ming-Yang , Zhang Jia-Kui , Ning Fei-Long , Zhou Bao-Sen , Dai Dong-Qiu
Published: November 2015

This study was conducted to investigate prognosis and survival of patients undergoing distal subtotal gastrectomy with D2 and D2+ lymphadenectomy for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. Overall survival rates of 416 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer were compared between D2 and D2+ lymphadenectomy. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis was used to identify significant prognostic factors correlated with LN metastasis and prognosis. Univariate analysis identified tumor size, lymphatic vessel invasion, pT stage, pN stage, TNM stage, locoregional recurrence and distant recurrence, to significantly correlate with prognosis; Tumor size, LVI and pT stage were identified as independent factors correlating with LN metastasis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that tumor size, pT stage, pN stage, locoregional recurrence and distant recurrence were independent prognostic factors; Tumor size and pT stage were independent prognostic factors predicting LN metastasis. When comparing 5-year survival rates of patients who underwent D2 and D2+ lymphadenectomy, as stratified by pT stage and pN stage, a significant difference was found in pN3 patients, but not for pT2–4 and pN0–2 patients, or the patient cohort as a whole. In conclusion, D2 lymphadenectomy for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer undergoing distal subtotal gastrectomy was recommended, especially in eastern Asia.
A mechanism of glucose tolerance and stimulation of GH1 β-glucosidases
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Xinxin , Yin Qiang , Fang Wei , Fang Zemin , Wang Xiaotang , Zhang Xuecheng , Xiao Yazhong
Published: November 2015

β-Glucosidases are enzymes that hydrolyze β-glycosidic bonds to release non-reducing terminal glucosyl residues from glycosides and oligosaccharides and thus have significant application potential in industries. However, most β-glucosidases are feedback inhibited by the glucose product, which restricts their application. Remarkably, some β-glucosidases of the glycoside hydrolase (GH) 1 family are tolerant to or even stimulated by glucose. Elucidation of the mechanisms of glucose tolerance and stimulation of the GH1 β-glucosidases will be crucial to improve their application through enzyme engineering. In this study, by comparing the primary and tertiary structures of two GH1 β-glucosidases with distinct glucose dependence, some putative glucose-dependence relevant sites were mutated to investigate their exact roles. Both biochemical and structural characterization of the mutants suggested that some sites at the entrance and middle of the substrate channel regulate the effects of glucose and the relative binding affinity/preference of these sites to glucose modulates the glucose dependence. A mechanism was therefore proposed to interpret the glucose dependence of GH1 β-glucosidases. This research provides fresh insight into our current understanding of the properties and mechanisms of GH1 β-glycosidases and related enzymes that modulate their activity via feedback control mechanism.
Trait-related decision making impairment in obsessive-compulsive disorder: evidence from decision making under ambiguity but not decision making under risk
Authors: Zhang Long , Dong Yi , Ji Yifu , Tao Rui , Chen Xuequan , Ye Jianguo , Zhang Lei , Yu Fengqiong , Zhu Chunyan , Wang Kai
Published: November 2015

This study aimed to investigate whether deficits in decision making were potential endophenotype markers for OCD considering different phases of the disease. Fifty-seven non-medicated OCD patients (nmOCD), 77 medicated OCD patients (mOCD), 48 remitted patients with OCD (rOCD) and 115 healthy controls were assessed with the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), which measured decision making under ambiguity and the Game of Dice Task (GDT), which measured decision making under risk. While the three patients groups showed impaired performance on the IGT compared with healthy controls, all patients showed intact performance on the GDT. Furthermore, the rOCD patients showed a preference for deck B, indicating that they showed more sensitivity to the frequency of loss than to the magnitude of loss, whereas the mOCD patients showed a preference for deck A, indicating that they had more sensitivity to the magnitude of loss than to the frequency of loss. These data suggested that OCD patients had trait-related impairments in decision making under ambiguity but not under risk and that dissociation of decision making under ambiguity and under risk is an appropriate potential neurocognitive endophenotype for OCD. The subtle but meaningful differences in decision making performance between the OCD groups require further study.
Temperature-responsive molecular recognition chromatography using phenylalanine and tryptophan derived polymer modified silica beads
Authors: Hiruta Yuki , Kanazashi Ryosuke , Ayano Eri , Okano Teruo , Kanazawa Hideko
Published: November 2015

The separation system with dual temperature-response and molecular recognition characteristics leads to selective separation using only aqueous solution.
A [3Fe–3S]3+cluster with exclusively μ-sulfide donors
Authors: Lee Yousoon , Jeon Ie-Rang , Abboud Khalil A. , García-Serres Ricardo , Shearer Jason , Murray Leslie J.
Published: November 2015

A [3Fe–3(μ-S)]3+cluster is reported in which each ferric center has a distorted trigonal pyramidal geometry, with anS= 1/2 ground state for the cluster and unusually anisotropic hyperfine coupling constants as determined by variable temperature magnetometry and Mössbauer spectroscopy.
From insertion to multicomponent coupling: temperature dependent reactions of arynes with aliphatic alcohols
Authors: Thangaraj Manikandan , Bhojgude Sachin Suresh , Mane Manoj V. , Biju Akkattu T.
Published: November 2015

The temperature dependent switchable reactivity of arynes with aliphatic alcohols in THF has been demonstrated.
Reactivity towards nitriles, cyanamides, and carbodiimides of palladium complexes derived from benzyl alcohol. Synthesis of a mixed Pd2Ag complex
Authors: Fernández-Rodríguez María-José , Martínez-Viviente Eloísa , Vicente José , Jones Peter G.
Published: November 2015

An Ag+-controlled insertion of cyanamides, carbodiimides and acetonitrile into an O–Pd bond and formation of a novel Pd2Ag complex are reported.
Abnormal carbene–silicon halide complexes
Authors: Wang Yuzhong , Xie Yaoming , Wei Pingrong , Schaefer Henry F. , Robinson Gregory H.
Published: November 2015

Reaction of the anionic NHDC ligand, [:C{[N(2,6-Pri2C6H3)]2CHCLi}]n (1), with SiCl4 gives the trichlorosilyl-substituted NHC ligand (7). Abnormal carbene–SiCl4 complex (8) can be conveniently synthesized by combining 7 with HCl·NEt3. Meanwhile, 7 may react with CH2Cl2 in warm hexane, giving the abnormal carbene-complexed SiCl3+ cation (9). The structure and bonding of 9 have also been probed by DFT computations.
Formation of W/O microemulsions in the extraction of Nd(iii) by bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid and its effects on Nd(iii) coordination
Authors: Sun Taoxiang , Xu Chao , Chen Jing
Published: November 2015

Our work describes the formation of W/O microemulsions and its effect on the coordination environment of Nd(iii) in the extraction using purified Cyanex 301 as an extractant.
The design of second generation MOP-phosphonites: efficient chiral hydrosilylation of functionalised styrenes
Authors: Fleming James T. , Ficks Arne , Waddell Paul G. , Harrington Ross W. , Higham Lee J.
Published: November 2015

A series of enantiopure MOP-phosphonite ligands, with tailored steric profiles, have been synthesised and are proven to be very successful in high-yielding, regio- and enantioselective catalytic hydrosilylation reactions of substituted styrenes, affording important chiral secondary alcohols.
Morphological and electrical control of fullerene dimerization determines organic photovoltaic stability
Authors: Heumueller Thomas , Mateker William R. , Distler Andreas , Fritze Urs F. , Cheacharoen Rongrong , Nguyen William H. , Biele Markus , Salvador Michael , von Delius Max , Egelhaaf Hans-Joachim , McGehee Michael D. , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: November 2015

Light induced fullerene dimerization is controlled by both the fullerene and polymer morphology of organic solar cells.
Single layer graphene encapsulating non-precious metals as high-performance electrocatalysts for water oxidation
Authors: Cui Xiaoju , Ren Pengju , Deng Dehui , Deng Jiao , Bao Xinhe
Published: November 2015

Single layer graphene encapsulating earth-abundant 3d transition metal nanoparticles exhibits excellent activity and durability for water oxidation, even exceeding IrO2.
Structural properties and digestion of green banana flour as a functional ingredient in pasta
Authors: Zheng Zeqi , Stanley Roger , Gidley Michael J. , Dhital Sushil
Published: November 2015

Gluten free pasta was made from raw banana flour in combination with vegetable gums and egg protein for comparison to pasta similarly made from wheat flour.
Genetic engineering and production of modified fatty acids by the non-conventional oleaginous yeast Trichosporon oleaginosus ATCC 20509
Authors: Görner Christian , Redai Veronika , Bracharz Felix , Schrepfer Patrick , Garbe Daniel , Brück Thomas
Published: November 2015

Establishing genetic engineering tools for sustainable production of tailor made fatty acids in the non-conventional, oleaginous yeastTrichosporon oleaginosus.
Probing the molecular mechanism of cerium oxide nanoparticles in protecting against the neuronal cytotoxicity of Aβ1–42 with copper ions
Authors: Zhao Yaqin , Xu Qiming , Xu Wei , Wang Dandan , Tan Jason , Zhu Cuiqing , Tan Xiangshi
Published: November 2015

The molecular mechanism of CeONPs in protecting against neuronal cytotoxicity from amyloid peptides and copper ions was investigated systematically by photoluminescence of [Ru(phen)2dppz]2+, morphology of TEM, mass spectroscopy, cell viability assay, ROS fluorescence assay, and EPR.
C-Functionalized chiral dioxocyclam and cyclam derivatives with 1,2,3-triazole units: synthesis, complexation properties and crystal structures of copper(ii) complexes
Authors: Felten A.-S. , Petry N. , Henry B. , Pellegrini-Moïse N. , Selmeczi K.
Published: November 2015

NewC-functionalized dioxocyclam and cyclam derivatives with 1,2,3-triazoles attached to carbon atoms within the skeleton were designed as valuable bifunctional chelators for molecular imaging.
Immobilization of a molybdenum complex on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles for the catalytic epoxidation of olefins
Authors: Zare Maryam , Moradi-Shoeili Zeinab , Bagherzadeh Mojtaba , Akbayrak Serdar , Özkar Saim
Published: November 2015

A molybdenum complex was immobilized on Fe3O4 nanoparticles modified with chloropropyl by two routes and used as a nanocatalyst for the oxidation of alkenes.
Highly stretchable MoS2kirigami
Authors: Hanakata Paul Z. , Qi Zenan , Campbell David K. , Park Harold S.
Published: November 2015

We report the results of classical molecular dynamics simulations focused on studying the mechanical properties of MoS2kirigami.
5,7-Bis(2′-arylethenyl)-6H-1,4-diazepine-2,3-dicarbonitriles: synthesis, and experimental and theoretical evaluation of the effects of substituents at 5,6,7-positions on the molecular configuration and spectral properties
Authors: Tarakanov Pavel A. , Simakov Anton O. , Dzuban Alexander V. , Shestov Vladimir I. , Tarakanova Ekaterina N. , Pushkarev Victor E. , Tomilova Larisa G.
Published: November 2015

Synthetic and conformational studies are reported.
Photochemically re-bridging disulfide bonds and the discovery of a thiomaleimide mediated photodecarboxylation of C-terminal cysteines
Authors: Richards Daniel A. , Fletcher Sally A. , Nobles Muriel , Kossen Hanno , Tedaldi Lauren , Chudasama Vijay , Tinker Andrew , Baker James R.
Published: November 2015

Descibed is a method to photochemically re-bridge disulfide bonds by carrying out [2 + 2] photocycloadditions on tagged cysteine residues. A photodecarboxylation of C-terminal cysteines is also discovered.
A novel C,D-spirodioxene taxoid synthesized through an unexpected Pd-mediated ring cyclization
Authors: Wang Shao-Rong , Sánchez-Murcia Pedro A. , Gago Federico , Fang Wei-Shuo
Published: November 2015

A novel C,D-spirodioxene taxoid was synthesized from a mono-allyl vicinal diol analogue through an uncommon Wacker-type cyclization.
An investigation of the textural properties of mesostructured silica-based adsorbents for predicting CO2 adsorption capacity
Authors: Sanz-Pérez E. S. , Arencibia A. , Sanz R. , Calleja G.
Published: November 2015

The CO2 uptake of more than 30 physisorbents was found to correlate with their textural parameters, namely the product of the available surface area (SBET) and the affinity of the surface toward adsorptives (C parameter).
Controllable growth of NiCo2O4 nanoarrays on carbon fiber cloth and its anodic performance for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Shouhui , Wu Jiafeng , Zhou Rihui , Chen Yaqing , Song Yonghai , Wang Li
Published: November 2015

NiCo2O4/CFC anodes coated with different thicknesses of NiCo2O4 were fabricated to investigate the role of the CFC substrate.
Switching mechanism of Al/La1−xSrxMnO3 resistance random access memory. I. Oxygen vacancy formation in perovskites
Authors: Lee Nodo , Lansac Yves , Hwang Hyunsang , Jang Yun Hee
Published: November 2015

The oxygen vacancy formation in half-metallic perovskite LSMO itself plays an interesting role in the resistive switching.
Dynamics of colloids confined in microcylinders
Authors: Ghosh S. , Wijnperlé D. , Mugele F. , Duits M. H. G.
Published: November 2015

We studied both global and local effects of cylindrical confinement on the diffusive behavior of hard sphere (HS) colloids.
Thermoelectric-induced unitary Cooper pair splitting efficiency
Authors: Cao Zhan , Fang Tie-Feng , Li Lin , Luo Hong-Gang
Published: November 2015

Thermoelectric effect is exploited to optimize the Cooper pair splitting efficiency in a Y-shaped junction, which consists of two normal leads coupled to an s-wave superconductor via double noninteracting quantum dots. Here, utilizing temperature difference rather than bias voltage between the two normal leads, and tuning the two dot levels such that the transmittance of elastic cotunneling process is particle-hole symmetric, we find current flowing through the normal leads are totally contributed from the splitting of Cooper pairs emitted from the superconductor. Such a unitary splitting efficiency is significantly better than the efficiencies obtained in experiments so far.
Study of magnetic transitions in Dy by means of reversible Villari effect
Authors: Corró M L , el Hichou A , Cesari E , Kustov S
Published: November 2015

Application of a new method—high-sensitivity measurements of periodic stress-induced induction (reversible Villari effect, RVE)—allows us to uncover new effects in the low-field behaviour of different magnetic phases of polycrystalline Dy. A loss of magnetoelastic coupling (Villari critical point) is found around 166 K, close to the temperature which was supposed to separate the helical structure from the possible vortex one. We show that the low-field magnetic hysteresis emerges immediately below the Néel temperature and, below the Villari critical point, demonstrates a qualitative difference for cooling and heating from the ferromagnetic state. It has been found that, below the Villari critical point, in the helical phase, polycrystalline Dy is in essentially non-equilibrium state, revealed as a time-dependent relaxation of RVE. We relate the effects observed in the helical phase with thermal internal stresses and existence of lattice defects which inherit ferromagnetic order upon heating from the ferromagnetic state.