bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spaces of Truth: Palestinian Refugee Women Reframe Concerns of Jerusalem and Resist Judaisation
Authors: Khoury Laura
Published: November 2018

Since the third Intifada (2014–2015) onward, refugee Nakba-generation women reframed concerns over Shu'fat refugee camp space in response to newer settler-colonial and spatial Judaisation practices in Al-Quds/Jerusalem; created a different relationality of space/time; gave accounts that are closer to the present, made the present a driving force for their action; transformed the courtyard (hosh) experience into a community bonding function; and created a new layer of resistance. The Nakba narratives were conveyed as part of the present, their belonging to Jerusalem became the ‘truth of space’, and their visual memory overcame the ‘true now space’. Ultimately, their memory was a potential for creative collaboration between present consciousness and experiences of the past creating a ‘relational solidarity in the living present’.
The Israel Lobby, Islamophobia and Judeophobia in Contemporary Europe and Beyond: Myths and Realities
Authors: Bresheeth Haim
Published: November 2018

Accusations of anti-Semitism have become the habitualised weapon used against critics of Israeli war crimes. Most of such claims are built on the argument that there is a ‘New anti-Semitism’ of the political left, as this is where the most critics of Zionism are based. This article maps the development of such bogus claims, originating in France and the US, where the two varieties of the argument are based; by analyzing such claims, it becomes clear that these are defence mechanisms of Zionism, designed to silence both the supporters of Palestine, as well as obscure the much more meaningful racism and xenophobia directed against Arabs and Muslims.
On the ‘New Anti-Semitism’ and Its Political and Religious Consequences
Authors: Davidson Lawrence
Published: November 2018

The so-called ‘new anti-Semitism’ is an artificial construct created by Israel to counter growing popular opposition to its own racist policies. Loss of popular support means Israeli influence has been largely restricted to governing circles vulnerable to Zionist lobby pressure. The appearance of the new anti-Semitism has also created a tragic paradox particularly for Jews who believe in tolerance, diversity and human rights. For, if one accepts the precepts of the new anti-Semitism, to stand against Israeli racist policies and practices, you yourself must be deemed racist. In turn, the paradox has created an existential crisis of conscience for Jews worldwide.
The ‘New Antisemitism’, the Left and Palestine: The ‘Anti-Imperialism of Fools’ or an Invention of Imperial Reason?
Authors: Kelemen Paul
Published: November 2018

Fine and Spencer's 2017 publication, Antisemitism and the Left reprises many of the arguments that accuse the left of masquerading its anti-semitism as anti-Zionism. It has the novelty, however, of seeking to uphold this charge by laying claim to contributions on the ‘Jewish question’ by left wing social theorists, notably Marx, the Frankfurt School and Hanna Arendt. The article explores the attempt to distil from these writers a Zionist critique of anti-Zionism. The resulting interpretation of anti-semitism, self-determination, imperialism and several other key concepts helps to shed light on the theoretical and political basis of the case against left-wing anti-Zionism.
Présence d'énargite en association avec la pechblende de la Crouzille (Haute-Vienne)
Authors: Geffroy Jacques , Lissillour Joseph
Published: November 2018

A la mine Henriette (Haute-Vienne), l'énargite, associée surtout à la chalcopyrite, existe sous forme microscopique comme constituant tardif des minerais à pechblende. La nature du minéral a été contrôlée par rayons X et à la sonde de Castaing.
Étude des phénomènes de migration chimique de l'or. Cas de la Guyane Française et d'Ity en Côte-d'Ivoire
Authors: Machairas Georges
Published: November 2018

Dans le cadre d'un travail d'ensemble sur la métallogénie de l'or, en Guyane (1), nous avons examiné une cinquantaine de pépites provenant de divers gîtes de ce pays et aussi quelques échantillons provenant d'Ity, en Côte-d'Ivoire, et essayé de déterminer les processus qui peuvent conduire à la migration chimique de l'or mise en évidence par nos observations.

La présente note est un bref résumé et elle apporte un fait nouveau : la troisième génération de cristallisation des pépites est constituée localement par des cristaux d'or bien formés (voir fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7).
Une nouvelle espèce minérale : l'iranite, chromate hydraté de plomb
Authors: Bariand Pierre , Herpin Paulette
Published: November 2018

La découverte en 1960 d'un chromate de plomb hydraté dans l'ancienne mine de Sébarz, Anarak (Iran Central) permet de définir une nouvelle espèce minérale. Les propriétés optiques, cristallographiques et chimiques sont données.
La composition des biotites des gneiss œillés du Canigou (Pyrénées-Orientales) et l'origine de ces gneiss
Authors: Guitard Gérard
Published: November 2018

Les biotites des granites et granodiorites à biotite se distinguent en général de celles des micaschistes et gneiss pélitiques mésozonaux par leur composition chimique. Cette distinction peut fournir un critère pour distinguer les orthogneiss granitiques des paragneiss, dans le cas d'un métamorphisme de degré moyen. Les gneiss œillés dits G₂ et une partie des gneiss dits G₃ du Canigou, de nature orthogneissique, permettent de vérifier le bien-fondé de cette hypothèse.
Chemical variations in phengitic micas of successive foliations within the eclogitic micaschists complex, Sesia-Lanzo Zone (Italy, Western Alps)
Authors: Lardeaux Jean-Marc , Gosso Guido , Kienast Jean-Robert , Lombardo Bruno
Published: November 2018

Au sein de métagranites éclogitiques polydéformés des Alpes Occidentales, il est démontré que le chimisme des micas phengitiques est lié à leur site microstructural. D'une part, les phengites soulignant trois foliations alpines superposées, d'importance régionale, ont une teneur en Si qui diminue progressivement au cours de l'histoire tectonique. D'autre part, dans un même clivage de crénulation, le chimisme des phengites varie en fonction de l'histoire mécanique des grains micacés. Ces résultats suggèrent que dans les tectonites métamorphosées les évolutions de la composition chimique des minéraux peuvent se rapporter aux conditions P-T mais aussi à leur localisation dans certains sites de déformation particuliers.
Petrology of eclogites within the Bjørkedalen peridotite, West Norway
Authors: Brastad Kjartan
Published: November 2018

Eclogitic rocks within the peridotite at Bjørkedalen show minerals with large chemical variations. Garnet core compositions range from Pyr26Alm41 Gross + Andr32 to Pyr62Alm23Gross + Andr15 ; clinopyroxenes have 2-48 % Jd and orthopyroxenes En78-81. The eclogite minerals have unzoned cores which yield temperatures of 700-750 °C at maximum pressures of 15-21 kbar by combining the geothermometers/barometers of Ellis and Green (1979) and Wood (1974). Al-concentration in opx cores shows considerable variations from one sample to another suggesting that some of them have not been in equilibrium with gnt cores. Combination of opx rims with gnt + cpx cores yield consistent equilibration conditions which are compatible with those for eclogites within the Bjørkedalen gneisses and for the rest of the Western Gneiss Region of Norway. Retrograde equilibrations has lead to decreasing Mg/Fe in rims of gnt, increasing Mg/Fe and decreasing Jd in cpx, and decreasing Mg/Fe and increasing Al in the outer rims of opx adjacent to gnt.

The similarity in zoning patterns and occurrence of these eclogites and garnet-peridotites/pyroxenites points to the same metamorphic evolution for these groups of rocks.
The Impact of White Dwarf Luminosity Profiles on Oscillation Frequencies
Authors: Timmes F. X. , Townsend Richard H. D. , Bauer Evan B. , Thoul Anne , Fields C. E. , Wolf William M.
Published: November 2018

KIC 08626021 is a pulsating DB white dwarf (WD) of considerable recent interest, and the first of its class to be extensively monitored by Kepler for its pulsation properties. Fitting the observed oscillation frequencies of KIC 08626021 to a model can yield insights into its otherwise-hidden internal structure. Template-based WD models choose a luminosity profile where the luminosity is proportional to the enclosed mass,

, independent of the effective temperature T
eff. Evolutionary models of young WDs with T
eff ≳ 25,000 K suggest that neutrino emission gives rise to luminosity profiles with L

r
 

 M

r
. We explore this contrast by comparing the oscillation frequencies between two nearly identical WD models: one with an enforced

luminosity profile, and the other with a luminosity profile determined by the star’s previous evolution history. We find that the low-order g-mode frequencies differ by up to ≃70 μHz over the range of Kepler observations for KIC 08626021. This suggests that by neglecting the proper thermal structure of the star (e.g., accounting for the effect of plasmon neutrino losses), the model frequencies calculated by using an

profile may have uncorrected, effectively random errors at the level of tens of μHz. A mean frequency difference of 30 μHz, based on linearly extrapolating published results, suggests a template model uncertainty in the fit precision of ≃12% in WD mass, ≃9% in the radius, and ≃3% in the central oxygen mass fraction.
Nonlinear Firehose Relaxation and Constant-B Field Fluctuations
Authors: Tenerani Anna , Velli Marco
Published: November 2018

The nonlinear evolution of Alfvénic fluctuations in the firehose unstable regime is investigated numerically and theoretically for an anisotropic plasma described by the one-fluid double adiabatic equations. We revisit the traditional theory of the instability and examine the nonlinear saturation mechanism, showing that it corresponds to evolution toward states that minimize an appropriate energy functional. We demonstrate that such states correspond to broadband magnetic and velocity field fluctuations with an overall constant magnitude of the magnetic field. These nonlinear states provide a basin of attraction for the long-term nonlinear evolution of the instability, a self-organization process that may play a role in maintaining the constant-B Alfvénic states seen in the solar wind in the high-β regime.
Speed of recovery in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia; moxifloxacin versus levofloxacin
Authors: Wadi Al Ramahi Jamal , Ramadan Mustafa , Jaber Waad , Abushanab Lamya , Mughrabi Mohammad , Alshamayleh Noor , Mulhem Ahmad , Momani Dania , Obaidat Mohammad , Haddad Ghayda , Khalil Basma , Zahran Anas , Odat Esraa , Kufoof Nadeen , Arabiat Haneen , Diab Amr , Anzueto Antonio
Published: November 2018

Introduction: To evaluate the speed of recovery in CAP-treated adults with Moxifloxacin versus levofloxacin.

Methodology:A retrospective multicenter study between January 14, 2010 - March 23, 2017. Patients' records with the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), age ≥ 18 and ≤ 60 years old, susceptible bacteria to the prescribed fluoroquinolone, completed three days of antimicrobial therapy and who were switched from parenteral to the oral form for the same antimicrobial agent were included.

Results: 701 charts were reviewed, 367 were excluded; not on respiratory fluoroquinolones (RFQ), age > 60 or < 18 years old, not enough data, prior antimicrobials, hospital-associated pneumonia, < 3 days of therapy, and one pregnant woman. 334 patients were Included; 167 levofloxacin and 167 moxifloxacin, with 68.5% males (P = 0.259), no significant difference in comorbidities (P > .05), but increased diabetes mellitus in moxifloxacin-treated patients (P = 0.012). No significant difference in Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI). Multivariate and univariate analysis demonstrated that day 3 rate of improvement; levofloxacin-treated patients 75.9% (95% CI, 69.9 to 81.8), and 84.0% (95% CI, 78.1 to 89.9) for Moxifloxacin (difference -8.1%, 95% CI, -16.5 - .003, P = 0.058). And day 5 rates of improvement in Levofloxacin-treated patients was 91.9%, (95% CI, 88.3 – 95.6), and 95.5% (95% CI, 91.8 - 99.2) for moxifloxacin (difference -3.5%, 95% CI, -8.7 - 1.7, P = 0.184). There was no significant difference for patients with radiological diagnoses for day 3 (P = 0.832) and 5 (P = 0.929).

Conclusions: Our uni-and-multivariate analyses demonstrated that moxifloxacin exhibited no significant differences in the rates of improvement on days 3 and 5.
Knowledge, attitudes and practice survey on blood-borne diseases among dental health care workers in Georgia
Authors: Kochlamazashvili Marika , Kamkamidze George , McNutt Louise-Anne , DeHovitz Jack , Chubinishvili Olga , Butsashvili Maia
Published: November 2018

Introduction: In Georgia limited data exists about awareness of blood borne-diseases among dental health care workers (DHCW).

Methodology: To assess DHCW knowledge, attitudes and practices related to infection control practice guidelines designed to limit transmission of blood-borne diseases, a cross-sectional study was conducted. All respondents were asked to voluntarily complete a self-administered questionnaire. Doctors of Dental Medicine, nurses, and dental residents were recruited from 13 private and governmental dental units in three large Georgian cities: Tbilisi (the capital city), Batumi (Western Georgia) and Rustavi (Eastern Georgia).

Results: Of 244 DHCWs recruited, 196 (80%) agreed to participate. Nearly 42% DHCWs did not know the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Georgia. Knowledge about risk factors for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HCV and HBV was low; correct response proportions among all DHCWs were 45.3%, 37.9% and 34.2% for these pathogens, respectively. The 59.7% of DHCWs were uninformed about post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV. Only 37.3% reported being well informed on infection control guidelines. Nearly all (95.6%) DHCWs expressed interest in receiving additional education on occupational transmission of blood-borne pathogens.

Conclusions: Overall, the study suggests DHCWs are aware they have insufficient knowledge of universal precautions. There is a need for developing a continuous education program that is accessible to practicing DHCWs.
Tuberculosis reactivation related with ruxolitinib in a patient with primary myelofibrosis
Authors: Pepeler Mehmet S , Özkurt Zübeyde N , Güzel Özlem T , Akyürek Nalan
Published: November 2018

Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a clonal stem cell disease, characterized by bone marrow fibrosis. Ruxolitinib is a selective inhibitor of JAK-1 and JAK-2 used to treat PMF. Its mechanism of action is based on the reduction of signal transduction and cytokine levels; including IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Increased infection risk related to Ruxolutinib is rarely reported. Here we describe a case of tuberculosis infection ractivation in a female patient treated with Ruxolitinib. During the treatment, she complained of night sweats, weight loss and enlarged mass in the neck. Excisional mass biopsy revealed a necrotizing granulomatous lymphadenitis. QuantiFERON-TB and PPD tests were not able to diagnose the tuberculosis infection. Therapy with Ruxolitinib was interrupted due to possible immunsuppressive effects and the patient was treated with the standard antituberculosis regimen. After six months, the patient’s symptoms had resolved and there was no lymphoadenopathy. In conclusion, it is important to assess the risk of tuberculosis activation before Ruxolitinib treatment. In addition, the diagnosis of tuberculosis using QuantiFERON-TB and PPD may be misleading in patients treated with Ruxolutinib.
First continental troglobiont Cylindroiulus millipede (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)
Authors: Reboleira Ana Sofia P.S. , Enghoff Henrik
Published: November 2018

The new species of millipedeCylindroiulusvillumiis described from a cave in the Estremenho karst massif in central Portugal. It is the first cave-adapted species of its genus with a strict subterranean life-style in continental Europe, and is the fifth blind species of the genus. The new species is illustrated with photographs and diagrammatic drawings. It is tentatively placed in the purely IberianCylindroiulusperforatus-group. The differences between the new species and its relatives are discussed, as well as its adaptations to a subterranean life-style.
Exploring the evolutionary potential of parasites: Larval stages of pathogen digenic trematodes in their thiarid snail host Tarebia granifera in Thailand
Authors: Veeravechsukij Nuanpan , Namchote Suluck , Neiber Marco T. , Glaubrecht Matthias , Krailas Duangduen
Published: November 2018

Minute intestinal flukes from several distinct families of endoparasitic platyhelminths are a medically important group of foodborne trematodes prevalent throughout Southeast Asia and Australasia. Their lifecycle is complex, with freshwater snails as primary intermediate hosts, with infecting multiple species of arthropods and fish as second intermediate hosts, and with birds and mammals including humans as definitive hosts. In Southeast Asian countries, the diversity of snail species of the Thiaridae which are frequently parasitized by trematode species is extremely high. Here, the thiarid Tarebiagranifera in Thailand was studied for variation of trematode infections, by collecting the snails every two months for one year from each locality during the years 2004–2009, and during 2014–2016 when snails from the same localities were collected and new localities found. From ninety locations a total of 15,076 T.granifera were collected and examined for trematode infections. With 1,577 infected snails the infection rate was found to be 10.46 %. The cercariae were categorized into fifteen species from eight morphologically distinguishable types representing several distinct families, viz. (i) virgulate xiphidiocercariae (Loxogenoidesbicolor, Loxogenesliberum and Acanthatriumhistaense), (ii) armatae xiphidiocercariae cercariae (Maritreminoidescaridinae and M.obstipus); (iii) parapleurophocercous cercariae (Haplorchispumilio, H.taichui and Stictodoratridactyla); (iv) pleurophocercous cercariae (Centrocestusformosanus); (v) megarulous cercariae (Philophthalmusgralli); (vi) furcocercous cercariae (Cardicolaalseae, Alariamustelae and Transversotremalaruei); as well as (vii) echinostome-type cercariae, and (viii) gymnocephalous-type cercariae. In addition, a phylogenetic marker (internal transcribed spacers 2, ITS2) was employed in generic and infrageneric level classifications of these trematodes, using sequences obtained from shed cercariae isolated from T.granifera specimens of the second study period collected in various regions in Thailand. We obtained ITS2 sequences of cercariae from nine species (of seven types): Loxogenoidesbicolor, Loxogenesliberum, Maritreminoidesobstipus, Haplorchistaichui, Stictodoratridactyla, Centrocestusformosanus, Philophthalmusgralli, as well as from one species each of echinostome cercariae and gymnocephalous cercariae. Thus, this analysis combines the parasites’ data on morphology and geographical occurrence with molecular phylogeny, aiming to provide the groundwork for future studies looking into more details of the parasite-snail evolutionary relationships.
Protective effect of Lactobacillus reuteri KUB-AC5 against Salmonella Enteritidis challenge in chickens
Authors: Nakphaichit M. , Sobanbua S. , Siemuang S. , Vongsangnak W. , Nakayama J. , Nitisinprasert S.
Published: November 2018

Poultry is an important high-quality food and protein source for humans. However, chicken is considered a primary source of foodborne diseases, especially Salmonella Enteritidis infection. Reducing Salmonella contamination in live poultry will thus lower the risk to consumers. Our previous studies reported that Lactobacillus reuteri KUB-AC5 can produce a substance with antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, especially Salmonella. In vivo testing revealed that this strain greatly influenced the ileal microbiota by improving chicken gastrointestinal health and inhibiting certain pathogenic bacteria. However, its activity against Salmonella in chicken is unknown. This study investigated the effects of the probiotic L. reuteri KUB-AC5 at various concentrations against Salmonella and the microbiota status in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens. Four treatments groups were used: negative-control group (no Salmonella challenge), positive-control group (Salmonella challenge), and 5 or 7 log cfu probiotic supplementation to Salmonella-challenged chickens. The resultant microbial diversities at the growing and finisher stages were not significantly different among the groups (P>0.05). However, a high dosage of KUB-AC5 maintained similar microbial diversity in Salmonella-challenged chickens as observed in the non-challenged group in the early stage. The exposure Salmonella can affect the microbial diversity that consequently contributes to the disease progression in chicken. Low and high dosages of KUB-AC5 eliminated S. Enteritidis from the ileum and caecum at 14, 21 and 35 days of age. A high-dose of KUB-AC5 also enhanced Lactobacillaceae levels in the growing stage in both the ileum and caecum and suppressed Enterobacteriaceae levels in the finisher stage on day 35, whereas these effects were not observed in the low dose of KUB-AC5 or control groups. These results support the potential value of high-dose L. reuteri KUB-AC5 supplementation for three days after hatching in preventing Salmonella infection in chickens.
Desigualdades sociales en salud. Un análisis de la mortalidad por las principales causas de muerte en España y Francia, 1988-1990
Authors: Lostao Lourdes , Regidor Enrique , Aïach Fierre
Published: November 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es comparar las desigualdades sociales en la mortalidad por las principales causas de muerte en España y en Francia durante el período 1988-90. Tanto en España como en Francia, la mortalidad en el grupo de trabajadores manuales es más alta que la mortalidad en el resto de los grupos ocupacionales para todas las causas de muerte analizadas. Por su parte, los agricultores presentan una mortalidad intermedia entre los profesionales y directivos y entre los trabajadores manuales. Los trabajadores manuales tienen una mortalidad 1,89 veces más alta que los profesionales y directivos en España y 1,67 veces más alta en Francia. En España, las mayores diferencias entre la mortalidad de trabajadores manuales y la mortalidad de profesionales y directivos se observa en accidentes y en las enfermedades del aparato respiratorio; por su parte, en Francia, las mayores diferencias se observan en las enfemiedades del aparato digestivo y en las enfermedades del aparato respiratorio.
La construcción administrativa de la realidad cultural en España
Authors: Fernandez Sobrado José M. , Antolin Iría José E.
Published: November 2018

El estudio del papel que juega la administración pública en la construcción —definición, configuración y transformación— de la realidad social es el objetivo central de este artículo. Sostenemos que la intervención de la administración se desarrolla siguiendo tres lógicas que se entrecruzan: la racionalidad burocrática, la racionalidad política y la racionalidad impuesta por el mercado. En estas páginas se pretende analizar el alcance, los efectos y defectos de estos tres tipos de racionalidad en un ámbito concreto de la planificación urbanistico-territorial: las políticas públicas de equipamientos culturales. Actualmente, el auge en la construcción de grandes equipamientos culturales, de obras emblemáticas en muchas ciudades de Europa, las convierten en un lugar privilegiado para determinar el alcance de la administración como agente planificador-constmctor de realidad.
Los hogares sin empleo. Una perspectiva comparada
Authors: Sarasa Sebastian
Published: November 2018

A partir de los datos del Luxembourg Income Study y de la OCDE se muestra que la tesis que defiende un supuesto aumento de la polarización social entre hogares no es del todo convincente. Los efectos del desempleo sobre los hogares están condicionados por las estrategias familiares, de modo que el volumen de hogares sin empleo varía entre países no sólo a causa de factores de oferta y demanda laboral. El resultado de las estrategias familiares hace que, además, la composición de los hogares sin empleo diste mucho de ser homogénea entre regímenes de bienestar.
Efficient and Optimal Service Component Distribution across Multiple Clouds
Authors: Riane Driss , Ettalbi Ahmed
Published: November 2018

Cloud computing technology is one of the key considerations for business willing to access to different cloud services over the Internet and to benefit from the diversity of IaaS offers and pricing models. Although several solutions are available in the market, there are still some issues to solve. The main important aspect to address is the user’s request complexity, the vendor lock-in risk and the SLA fulfillment. In this paper, we propose a Multi-Cloud Broker called MCB that allows an efficient and optimal service component distribution among different clouds in flexible and dynamic infrastructure provisioning environment, in order to achieve better Quality of Service and cost efficiency. The request partitioning is the main step of our approach, this step is performed using Gomory-Hu tree based algorithm. Our simulation results show how our algorithm is better than existing partitioning algorithms in terms of running time.
The Role of Game Elements in Improving Jawi Skills through a Mobile Game 'G-Jawi'
Authors: Mohd Rashid Noor Asmina , Md Salleh Shaharuddin , Md Noor Norah
Published: November 2018

The existence of a game-based mobile application in the field of education has largely helped students to be more interested and motivated to learn due to the presence of game elements in the apps which makes learning more interesting. The Jawi script is one of the subjects that is difficult to learn by younger generation since they do not apply the use of Jawi in their private lives. The inclusion of creative features such as game elements should attract students to explore the Jawi script. A pre- experimental one- group pre- test and post- test study was conducted in which a game-based mobile application for learning Jawi subject named G-Jawi was developed and tested among 20 primary school students in order to observe how the elements of the game in the mobile app impacted their Jawi spelling skills. The apps were also evaluated by 5 teachers and the findings shows that the game-based mobile application was able to improve the students’ performance. This finding was supported by positive results amongst the students which revealed a mean value for the post- test was higher than the pre- test of 89.00. In conclusion, the mobile games app has successfully enhanced student’s understanding of Jawi subjects compared to the traditional learning methods.
Machining of Hastelloy-X Based on Finite Element Modelling
Authors: Çakır Fatih Hayati , Sofuoğlu Mehmet Alper , Gürgen Selim
Published: November 2018

Nickel-based alloys provide high corrosion resistance and high-temperature strength but these alloys possess poor machinability. Hastelloy-X is a nickel based alloy that has been used for high temperature use. There are many studies about finite element modeling of aerospace alloys but studies in literature with Hastelloy-X are limited. In the present work, machining characteristics of Hastelloy-X were investigated and a numerical model was developed for the turning operation of Hastelloy-X. Two input parameters (cutting speed and feed rate) were variated in the operations and the results were evaluated considering process outputs such as cutting forces, cutting temperature, effective stresses and chip morphology. Based on the verification of the numerical model using experimental results, presented material model is appropriate for the turning operation of Hastelloy-X at low and medium cutting speed machining conditions.
The Impact of Hybrid Nano-Materials in Tooth Tissue Restoration
Authors: Suhonen Camtu
Published: November 2018

Tooth loss due to dental diseases, caries, and other related pathological conditions has plagued people and is the most prevalent cause of human organ failure. Billions of people have suffered from losing teeth and dental diseases so that generating natural dental tissues are more appreciated than artificial tooth implantation. The aspiration among the dentists to restore this loss biologically is the genesis of the tooth regeneration. Current trends initiate tissue engineering with a concept of functional restoration of tissue and organ defects by the triad of biomaterial scaffolds, growth factors, and stem cells (Rosa et al. 2012). This paper, therefore, focuses on the significance of nanostructured hybrid materials in the tooth regeneration through tissue engineering. For this purpose, literature was examined and studies on nanomorphological features of stem cells, dental tissues found within the oral area, the signaling molecules utilized in the tissue engineering, and the hybrid scaffolds that guide reconstructions of periodontal tissues were selected for the review. The nanodentistry has been potential, undoubtedly, to achieve almost perfect dental health in the nearest future. However, the success will largely be determined by human requirements and resource supply (technology, economy, and time). Finally, the future and actual potentials of nanotechnologies pertaining tissue engineering will be applied in dentistry (Mitziadis, Woloszyk, & Jimenez-Rojo, 2012). Keywords: Stem cells; scaffolds; nanomaterials; hybrid materials, tissue engineering; dentistry; signaling molecules.
Synthesis of N,N-Diethyl, N-Methyl Chitosan Chloride with Certain Quaternization Degree and Molecular Spectroscopic and Thermo-Morphological Study of the Alkylation
Authors: Tapdiqov Shamo Zokhrab , Safaraliieva Samira F. , Theato Patrick , Zeynalov Nizami A. , Taghiyev Dilgam B. , Raucci Maria G. , Hasanova Mirvari X.
Published: November 2018

The quartenizeid chloride derivative of natural polyaminosaccharide chitosan was synthesized in two stages with acetate aldehyde and methyl iodide chemical reaction and ion replacement, which could be soluble in the water and wide pH ranges. The synthesis of the homopolymer was initially carried out with acetate aldehyde in Schiff reaction, and reduction was held on with the presence of NaBH4. The quaternization was accomplished in the acetonitrile medium with methyl iodine by continuous exposure of N2.7-8% quartenized N,N-diethyl, N-methyl chitosan iodine were synthesized with 89-91% yield, obtained by deprotonation of amine groups, with reaction of CH3J and N,N-diethyl chitosan. The ion exchange was carried out at 10% NaCl solution during 24 hours and N,N-diethyl, N-methyl chitosan chloride was obtained. Synthesis was performed with simpler and chemically effective methods compared to previous studies. The structure of product was characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, NMR, SEM, TGA, DTA and elemental analysis was determined. Functional changes in the structure of macromolecules were monitored with NMR and UV-Vis, and it was proved that, the main intermediate product was composed to be N,N-diethyl carbocation carrying >C=N-chromophore group. The increasing percent of carbon in content while alkylation is depeering and the presence of halogenated ions (Cl- or J-) after quaternization were observed. It has been determined that, the solubility of N,N-diethyl,N-methyl chitosan chloride or iodide in water and in pH =1-10 increased frequently. Key words. Chitosan; alkylation; diethylmethyl chitosan iodine; quartenization; UV-Vis; NMR
The Role of Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) to Control Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Purwati Sumorejo , Rahmawati Lita D. , Awalia Dalimunthe , Rantam Fedik A. , Bintoro Ugroseno Y.
Published: November 2018

There are 80 types of autoimmune diseases (ADs) with some of the same symptoms, but causes are still unclear. The major treatment of ADs is immunosuppressive drugs but these are not effective and associated with substantial toxicities. Stem cell has demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in halting destructive immune response and restoring the body to level of normal function by providing cellular level repair of damage, increasing blood flow, and reducing inflammation. Adipose tissue is one of the most potent and concentrated source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as an anti-inflammatory and tissue protecting agent which is promote healing and minimal invasive. This study conducted in 20 patients with ADs (11 women and 9 men) in various age between 22 to 70 years old. Patients treated with autologous adipose-derived MSCs implantation through catheterization. The laboratory analysis result of patients before and after MSCs application in 6 months were measured, include haemoglobin (Hb), leukocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), protein and blood levels in urine, high sensitivity c-reactive protein (hsCRP), C3 and C4 complement, anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA). MSCs are able to improve the performance of hemoglobin which statistically significant increased (p=0.002). MSCs are able to reduce the inflammatory as shown in the number of leukocytes (p=0.015) and ESR (p=0.031) which statistically significant decreased. MSCs can repair the renal function as shown in no presences of protein and blood in patient’s urine. MSCs are also able to augment the immune response as shown in hsCRP which statistically significant decreased (p<0.001), while C3 and C4 complements statistically significant increased (p<0.001). ANA and anti-dsDNA showed a negative result which means MSCs therapy may give a good response to heal the ADs.
Lead Retention on an Active Carbon Prepared from Date Kernels (Daglet Nour)
Authors: Seghairi Nora , Barbari Fateh , Mihoub Karim
Published: November 2018

Metals occur naturally in rocks, water, air and soil and are also produced by human activities, including industrial and mining activities. For the most part, these heavy metals are hardly biodegradable, they are recognized, toxic or harmful to humans and animals. The use of activated carbon has remained for a long time and to this day the most effective adsorbent due to its high adsorption capacity mainly associated to its large specific surface. But this process is very expensive.This has therefore encouraged research by orienting them towards treatment processes using less costly and widely available natural materials. The objective of our study was to develop a simple, efficient and environmentally friendly sorption depollution technique on available and inexpensive media. We have studied the adsorption of lead on activated carbons prepared from date kernels. Batch tests were carried out with synthetic lead solution in order to study different operating parameters such as the effect of contact time, pH, initial lead concentration and adsorbent dosage. The results obtained showed that the adsorption capacity of the lead ions increase with increase in time until a saturation plateau was reached. The equilibrium was reached after a time close to 120 min and a plateau was observed from 120 to 180 min. The adsorption of lead on this adsorbent obeys the laws of Freundlich and Langmuir with a maximum capacity of 16.613 mg / g. Finally, we think that the results obtained during this study at the laboratory scale, confirm the interest practical and economical use of these two materials in the field of water treatment.
Numerical Modeling of the Dynamic Behavior of Rigid Retaining Walls Subjected to Real Near-Fault Ground Motions and Estimation of Seismic Lateral Earth Pressures
Authors: Bouraoui Zakaria , Benmebarek Sadok , Lopez-Caballero Fernando
Published: November 2018

In this study, a series of nonlinear 2D finite difference analyses were carried out to study the seismic behavior of non-yielding gravity-type earth retaining walls founded in rock site subjected to “Real Near-Fault ground motions”. Numerical analyses were performed by two dimensional explicit FLAC2Dfinite difference code. Various sets of real data (forty accelerograms) records were applied at the bedrock level to assess model’s dynamic response for different earthquake scenarios. All ground motions have a baseline correction and all output accelerograms obtained from the dynamic analyses are filtered using a non-causal bandpass filter of order 4, between 0.1 and 25 Hz. In these calculations, the foundation non-deformability, the seismic amplification or attenuation and the non-linearity of the soil placed behind the retaining wall are considered. We highlighted an important correlation between the PGA (Pic Ground Acceleration) calculated in free field (accounting for the wave propagation) and the obtained pressure. Numerical results are compared to theoretical calculation methods available in the literature. Among them, Wood's method seems to be the most precise one, presenting small deviations with the numerical methods. Moreover, it is the safest method, in the sense that it predicts the highest pressure values, not only in the elastic cases but even in some situations when non-linearity appears. In addition, we found that the time corresponding to the maximum calculated values of lateral earth pressure acting on the wall matches with the time of the calculated (PGAff). So, the main takeaway of this observation is the zero effect of seismic duration on pressure evolution.
Effect of Center Crack on Mechanical Properties of Graphene
Authors: Motamedi Mohsen , Esfandiarpour Amin
Published: November 2018

Graphene is a thin sheet with special properties and complicated mechanical behavior. It’s important to study graphene experimentally and theoretically. Stone–Wales defects, cracks and atom vacancy are popular defects in carbon allotropes especially in graphene. In this paper, effect of center cracks on graphene was discussed. At first, mechanical properties of non-defected graphene sheet was obtained using molecular dynamics simulation. Comparing result with theoretical and experimental studies showing good agreements and proofing the results. Then, 8 different cracks were considered in center of graphene sheets. Stress-strain curves of defected graphene sheets with different tension strain rates were plotted. The results showed that increasing crack length lead to decreasing Young’s modulus of graphene from 870GPa to 670GPa. Also, fracture occurred in less tensile strain. In the following, structural molecular mechanics method was used to simulate cracked graphene sheets. The results showed good agreement between two methods.
Structural Characterization of Mg-0.5Ca-xY Biodegradable Alloys
Authors: Istrate Bogdan , Munteanu Corneliu , Lupescu Ștefan , Antoniac Iulian , Sindilar Eusebiu
Published: November 2018

In recent years, researchers have been able to identify new materials with special properties that can be used in major medical fields. Magnesium-based materials used in orthopedics are an important alternative, being the third generation of biocompatible materials. A biodegradable magnesium-based material has the ability to degrade at a certain rate, is biocompatible, and together with other alloying elements ensures osteointegration. Mg-0.5Ca-xY biodegradable alloys will be developed in an induction melting furnace using ceramic crucibles, melting at 710-720 °C in the controlled atmosphere of 5.0 Ar. SEM analyses and X-ray diffraction reveals the size distribution of Mg-sized grains, with a hexagonal lattice and formation of compounds with the two alloying elements: Mg2Ca, Mg2Y, Mg24Y5 uniformly arranged in the α-Mg matrix. The alloying elements influence the microstructure, the size of the α-Mg grains decreasing considerably.
Some Tribological Aspects of Mg-0.5Ca-xY Biodegradable Materials
Authors: Munteanu Corneliu , Lupescu Ștefan , Istrate Bogdan , Antoniac Iulian , Benchea Marcelin , Savin Adriana
Published: November 2018

Biodegradable materials are a further development of new medical applications, such as orthopedic implants and vascular stents, or the tissue scaffold. The variety of alloying elements introduced into magnesium alloys lead to superior corrosion resistance and mechanical properties similar to the biological bone. From a mechanical point of view, increasing the percentage of calcium leads to decreased strength and elongation resistance, and Yttrium addition greatly improves tensile strength and favors a slower degradation process. Three different Mg-0.5Ca-xY alloys were obtained, varying the concentration of the Y-element. The Mg-0.5Ca-xY system was tested from the point of view of micro-scratch and micro-indentation with three determinations each, obtaining results for Young's mode, micro-hardness, COF and stiffness. These alloys possess mechanical properties for use as orthopaedic applications. As future studies, mechanical properties can be improved by performing heat treatments.
Composition and Functional Groups Evaluation of Indonesian Grey Portland Cement as Material for Dental Application
Authors: Primathena Indra , Nurdin Denny , Farah Rahmi Alma , Cahyanto Arief
Published: November 2018

Tricalcium silicates cement known as Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) was one of the influential materials in endodontics. At recent, MTA in dental application play an essential role in endodontics treatment due to its potential to regenerate tertiary dentine, apexification, and seal perforated root. However, MTA for dental application is still expensive. Portland cement has similarities with the MTA, especially portland cement fabricated in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to investigate the composition and functional groups of tricalcium silicate from portland cement that fabricated in Indonesia. The Indonesian grey portland cement powder/portland cement type I (SNI-15-7064-2014) was used as a sample and commercialized MTA from Tehnodent (Rootdent) was used as a control for comparison. Powder and control samples were evaluated using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) for composition test and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for functional group analyses. The XRF evaluation showed that the composition and concentration of Indonesian grey portland cement powder almost has similarity with commercial MTA. Moreover, the Indonesian grey portland cement powder has higher Calcium and Silicon ions compared to MTA. The FTIR analyses revealed that the calcium silicate groups were detected. In conclusion, the Indonesian grey portland cement powder has high similarity to MTA, therefore, it has a possibility to be used as tricalcium silicate cement for MTA substitution. Further study is awaited based on this initial finding found in this study.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Incorporated Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Enhanced Bone Regeneration of Critical-Sized Bone Defects in Rats
Authors: Wei Ling Fei , Wu Gang , Deng Li Quan , Liu Yue Lian
Published: November 2018

Although preclinical and clinical studies have shown the benefits of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) in bone regeneration, there are increasing concerns about its side effects. These are mainly due to the high dosage of BMP2 which is necessary to obtain the desired clinical results. Previously our group has developed a novel controlled-release delivery system; the biomimetic calcium phosphate coating incorporated with BMP2. It can be used at much lower concentrations of BMP2 than those used in the commercially available product and still produce similar biological effects. In this study, we made a primarily biological evaluation of BMP2 incorporated beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) for bone regeneration in critical-sized bone defects. Critical-sized calvarial defects were created in rats. They were divided into four groups as follows: (1) empty defects (control), (2) defects filled with β-TCP, (3) defects filled with BMP2 incorporated β-TCP, (4) defects filled with autologous bone. Eight weeks after the operation, the efficiency of the materials was evaluated using histology and histomorphometry. Moreover, the safety of the materials was evaluated using routine blood examination, blood biochemistry examination and histopathological examination of viscera. BMP2 incorporated β-TCP demonstrated an efficiency of bone regeneration that was comparable with autologous bone, with the highest levels of new bone formation (38.3±8.4 mm3 versus 30.1±9.9 mm3, p < 0.05). All clinical lab index of blood in these four groups were within the normal range. Moreover, no change related to the treatment was noted in the histopathological examination of viscera. The results from the present study demonstrated that BMP2 incorporated β-TCP could be a promising substitute for autologous bone used for bone regeneration. Future clinical trials and preclinical trials with large animal models are necessary to investigate the safety and efficacy of BMP2 incorporated β-TCP.
Synthesis of Europium(III) Complex-Based Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals for Biolabeling Applications
Authors: Kataoka Takuya , Abe Shigeaki , Tagaya Motohiro
Published: November 2018

We synthesized the inorganic/organic hybrid nanocrystal (EHA) by hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystal growth under the existence of tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)europium(III) (EuTH) complex. Then, folic acid derivative (FA-NHS: folate N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester) as the targeting ligand for the HeLa cancer cells was immobilized on the EHA by the mediation of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and methyltriethoxysilane (MTES). When the FA-NHS molecular occupancy ratio on the EHA surface is around 3 to 5 %, the strong luminescence from the f-f transition of the Eu3+ ion and luminescence associated with energy transfer between the EuTH-FA monomer near 518 nm were observed. Moreover, the dispersibility in phosphate buffer saline was confirmed with immobilizing the positively-charged FA-NHS. The affinity and non-cytotoxicity between the nanocrystals and HeLa cancer cells were confirmed for 3 days. The red luminescence from the cells could be observed by fluorescence microscopy and the luminescence spectra.
Neutral Liquid Containing Chitosan and Polyol for Calcium Phosphate Cement
Authors: Yokogawa Yoshiyuki , Fujii Kentaro , Izumiki Ryota , Shibata Seiya , Takayasu Tasuku , Toyoda Hiromitsu , Ogi Kumi , Hirakawa Yoshihiro , Shimatani Akiyoshi
Published: November 2018

The self-hardening calcium phosphate cement (CPC) has widely been used in bone defect repairs. CPC tends to decay or disintegrate upon early contact with blood or body fluids, and the gelation of CPC paste using sodium alginate, chitosan, or collagen may overcome such a wash-out property. The incorporation of chitosan in CPC paste increased the compressive strength and work-of-fracture. However, the viscosity of CPC paste increased with an increase of chitosan content, and acidic liquid is not favorable, as chitosan must be dissolved in an acidic solution. The CPC paste using the liquid prepared from freeze-dried chitosan powder was easily push out from the syringe, but the content of chitosan was reduced. An addition of polyol-phosphate salt to chitosan solution produces a transparent liquid at physiological pH, and the chitosan content was found to be increased. Chitosan content of liquid was increased from 0.09% to 0.54 % by adding polyol to liquid, and the compressive strength of CPC was also increased.
Production of Clad Metals Using the Melts-Kiss Method
Authors: Haga Toshio , Nishikiori Rumi
Published: November 2018

The melts-kiss method is proposed for producing clad metals made of aluminum alloys via casting. In this method, a molten metal is solidified by another molten metal. AA1050 and A383 alloys were used in experiments. The interface between the two aluminum alloys was clear. The width of the diffusion area of Si was very narrow. The two aluminum alloys were strongly bonded. The melts-kiss method can be adapted for semi-continuous casters to cast clad plates.