bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary game analysis on behavioral strategies of multiple stakeholders under the process of shore power promotion
Authors: Ding Changjian
Published: April 2023

Shore power implementation was proved to be an effective way to reduce air pollution from vessels. Although central government has been promoting the implementation of shore power in China, the actual development of shore power is not ideal currently. The paper focuses on the mechanism of interaction among the strategic choices of multiple stakeholders including local government, port, and liner company under the process of shore power promotion. Based on an evolutionary game model, the influencing factors on the evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS) of the multiple stakeholders is discussed. The results of the study show that local governments can speed up the process of implementing shore power by increasing the incentives and penalties for enterprises, but excessive subsidies could undermine the enthusiasm of local governments to participate in the promotion of shore power; preferential pricing of shore power is of great significance to the promotion of shore power; when the economic benefit of implementing shore power is great enough, enterprises can implement shore power spontaneously even if local governments do not participate in the promotion of shore power.
A Review of Chinese and Foreign Intangible Cultural Heritage Tourism
Authors: Liu Ting
Published: April 2023

The study of intangible cultural heritage tourism is of great significance to deeply explore the connotation of intangible cultural heritage and promote the in-depth integration of culture and tourism, and it is necessary to grasp the research trend of intangible cultural heritage tourism. This paper takes 3329 documents selected from the CNKI database and the “Web of ScienceTM Core Collection” database as data samples, and uses Citation Space (CiteSpace software) to conduct metrological analysis to summarize the research situation of Chinese and foreign intangible cultural heritage tourism. The results show that:(1) The research on foreign intangible cultural heritage tourism started 10 years earlier than that in China, and the volume of literature was higher than that in China, and it experienced three stages: the initial period, the rapid development stage, and the deepening and expansion period. Although domestic research started late, the growth rate is fast, from 2008 to 2016, the number of publications caught up with foreign countries, and then entered a period of steady development. (2) In general, domestic and foreign authors have not formed a close cooperation network, foreign authors have partial cooperation, but domestic has not formed a stable core author group. (3) Independent research between domestic research institutions, lack of cooperation, scattered and unbalanced research geographical distribution, lack of cross-regional cooperation, high-yield research institutions are Tarim University, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi and Xinjiang are the leading places for research. There are many cross-border and cross-regional research institutions in foreign countries. China, the United States and Spain are the research centers, and Sichuan University, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Sun Yat-sen University are the backbone of research. (4) The research on intangible cultural heritage tourism in domestic hot spots mainly includes the development, protection, inheritance and development of intangible cultural heritage tourism, the research on the authenticity and temporal and spatial characteristics of intangible cultural heritage tourism, the research hotspots of foreign intangible cultural heritage tourism focus on the comprehensive attributes of intangible cultural heritage tourism, the impact of the authenticity, sustainable development, management, protection and development of intangible cultural heritage tourism, the development model and the experience summary of intangible cultural heritage tourism in destinations, and the research on the subject’s participation attitude, emotional perception and satisfaction. In short, there are differences in the research of intangible cultural heritage tourism between China and foreign countries, and domestic research should strengthen the collaboration between research institutions and authors, continuously broaden the research content, improve research methods, and make research more scientific and objective.
Performance Analysis of Yili’s Acquisition of Ausnutria under the Background of ‘New Consumption’
Authors: Wan Yalan , Niu Mengjin
Published: April 2023

As a well-known dairy company in China, Yili officially completed the acquisition of infant formula goat milk powder head company Ausnutria Dairy in 2022. This acquisition has become the largest merger in the dairy industry in recent years. This paper analyzes the motivation and integration process of Yili’s merger and acquisition of Ausnutria Dairy, and uses event research method and accounting research method to measure the market performance and financial performance of the merger and acquisition, and on this basis, the effect of the merger and acquisition is systematically evaluated. The study found that after the merger, the market responded positively, shareholder wealth increased, and mergers and acquisitions had a positive impact on profitability, growth ability and solvency in addition to a slight reduction in Yili’s operating capacity. Finally, the research puts forward the enlightenment of enterprise merger and acquisition, and provides experience for enterprise horizontal merger and acquisition.
Implicit Government Guarantees and Continuous Innovation in Manufacturing Firms: Incentives or Disincentives? --Micro evidence from A-share listed companies
Authors: Tian Xinyi
Published: April 2023

This paper explores the impact of implicit government guarantees on the continuous innovation of manufacturing enterprises using A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2017 as the research sample. It is found that the higher the implicit government guarantee is, the more it inhibits the continuous innovation of enterprises, and the mechanism of excessive indebtedness, inefficient investment, rent-seeking cost, and zombie enterprises is further found.
A Study on the Mechanism of College Students’ Entrepreneurial Exit: Regulating Effect of Entrepreneurial Self efficacy and Entrepreneurial Ability
Authors: Huang Liangwang , Zhang Yixin
Published: April 2023

Based on the theory of planned behavior and entrepreneurial failure, this paper conducts a questionnaire survey of college students’ entrepreneurs through stratified sampling method to study the influencing factors of Entrepreneurial exit intention behavior, and establishes a structural equation model to more intuitively analyze the path relationship between Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and Entrepreneurial exit intention, with a view to promoting a correct understanding of Entrepreneurial exit intention and providing systematic and personalized training for entrepreneurs, Only by building a scientific and reasonable Entrepreneurial exit intention mechanism and path can entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs face entrepreneurial challenges directly and truly promote the sustainable development of innovation and entrepreneurship practice in the whole society.
Has the digitization of the tourism industry promoted the export of tourism services?--Based on evidence at the provincial level of China
Authors: Long Wei , Ye Haiyan , Xin Jiang
Published: April 2023

The rapid development of the digital economy has driven the digital transformation of the tourism industry, which will inevitably affect the development of China’s tourism service trade. Based on the provincial panel data of China from 2009 to 2020, this paper constructs the “three new” evaluation system of China Provincial Tourism Digitalization, tests its impact on tourism service exports. The results indicate that the digitization of the tourism industry positively affects the export of tourism services by reducing transaction costs, which is more obvious in the central and eastern regions.
Technology Innovation in China’s Home Electric Appliance manufactory industry-Case study of Haier Smart Home Ltd
Authors: Xing Yidan
Published: April 2023

China is still in the midst of digital transformation revolution. The Internet and advanced mobile communication channels have a profound influence on people’s daily life. The e-commerce boosts the economy as the platform innovation and ecosystem establishment. Even though during the COVID-19, the online consumption has a major contribution to stabilizing the whole economy. The post-pandemic era forces the retail industry and other related service industry to transform digitally. Not only the retail industry and traditional financial industry face the digitalization revolution but also the traditional manufactory industry should follow the step of Industry 4.0 and Smart manufactory era. This article will discuss the digital transformation process in home electric appliance manufactory industry by analysing the case of Haier Smart Home Ltd.
A Comparative Study of Chinese and International Famous Brands -- Taking Tiffany&Co. and Chow Tai Seng as Examples
Authors: Li Jin , Meng Yingtong , Wang Mengmeng
Published: April 2023

According to the definition of brand by the American Marketing Association: “A brand is a name, term, logo, symbol or design, or a combination of them. Its purpose is to identify the products or services of a seller or a group of sellers, and distinguish them from the products or services of competitors.” Brand comparison is to analyze the similarities and differences of brands respectively, so as to draw a conclusion that is conducive to the development of the jewelry industry. There are only a handful of Chinese corporate brands among the top 100 corporate brands worldwide. Regarding the luxury jewelry sector, a significant disparity still exists between Chinese and international brands. In this article, an international brand, Tiffany & Co., and a Chinese brand, Chow Tai Seng, will be compared and analyzed using the three dimensions of corporate culture, brand value, and inspiration in order to identify the characteristics of Chinese and foreign jewelry brands.
Research on urban applications based on the development of UA Vs technology
Authors: Ma Xiaolei , Jin FanBo , Xia YouTao , Sisindisiwe Nomalanga Ncube
Published: April 2023

With the continuous development of social economy, urbanization activities and urban three-dim ensional and integrated transportation network can achieve rapid development, and the high flexibility and ti meliness of UAVs are more widely recognized. Active development of UAVs to improve sustainable urban transportation and enhance urban green environment.
The collaborative strategy of data governance of state-owned enterprises in China
Authors: Jiaping Han
Published: April 2023

The new transformation spawned by digitization brings a new change in the logic of data governance. In recent years, the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) of China has been strengthening the construction of data governance system, but there are still a series of key issues that need to be solved. It is urgent to carry out research on issues related to data governance, to play the data elements of the amplification, superposition and multiplier effect. This study analyzes the new requirements of data governance in the new situation and the reasons for the non-synergy of data governance of SOEs. Then this research proposes the collaborative optimization strategy of data governance in the SOEs. The main findings of this research are as followed: On the one hand, the reasons for the lack of synergy in the SOEs’ data governance are comprehensively analyzed. On the other hand, some key strategies for the optimization of the company’s data governance synergy are proposed. For example, this stuty proposes to build multilevel data governance internal market, design internal market transaction elements, create internal market operation management mechanism, establish internal market performance evaluation and assessment mechanism, and improve the internal market-oriented and efficient operation supporting capacity.
Analysis of the Influence of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict on the Global Energy Development Trend
Authors: Ruan Wenjing
Published: April 2023

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine that broke out in February 2022 directly gave birth to the energy crisis in Europe, but its impact is not limited to the European region, but also limited to the short term. It is a major change in the world in a century, and will profoundly and long-term change the global energy system and pattern. The outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine will reshape the global energy system, energy security will be promoted to an unprecedented order by all countries, accelerating the development of renewable energy is considered as an important measure to strengthen national energy security, and the global energy clean transformation will show a further accelerated development trend. Energy enterprises will face new opportunities and challenges. This paper analyzes the global energy development trend under the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and puts forward the challenges that energy enterprises may face.
How has Transit Oriented Development Impacted Land Gentrification in London
Authors: Fang Zhouru
Published: April 2023

This study evaluated the impact of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) on land gentrification in London, a city that adopted TOD in its railway network early in the 1920s. It analysed the benefits and drawbacks of TOD and Land Gentrification from the perspectives of economy, society and environment. It analysed the relationship between TOD’s advancement and the level of land gentrification in 33 main districts in London and evaluated the influence of the former on the latter. In addition, it discussed the impacts of gentrification on residents’ health from the aspects of residents’ life expectancy, obesity prevalence and mental trauma(anxiety and depression). It is concluded that:1)TOD can induce different degrees of land gentrification in surrounding areas. 2) TOD and land gentrification mainly affect the social groups with middle or low income. 3) land gentrification will affect people’s physical and mental health, but these are most influential to low - and middle-income population. 4) land gentrification will generally prolong life expectancy for low and middle-income people, but at the same time it will also increase the average level of anxiety and depression among them. The research findings contribute some advice to London and other cities’ governments to design the proper strategies of TOD planning and sustainable development.
How does Environment, Social and Governance Affect the Financial Performance of Enterprises?
Authors: Xiao Kaiyue
Published: April 2023

Under the background of China’s economic structural transformation, the green and low-carbon economic development model draws the attention of politicians and academics. The low-carbon strategy provides a supportive political environment for the rapid development of ESG. However, research on the effect of ESG on enterprise financial performance is still insufficient. Using the data of A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2020, this paper examines the impact of ESG on corporate financial performance from the perspectives of ESG rating release and ESG level through Differences-in-Differences (DID) model and panel two-way fixed-effect model. Results show that the release of ESG indicators and the improvement of ESG level can significantly increase the enterprise financial performance. The role of ESG disclosure and level in promoting the enterprise financial performance is more significant in companies with less than 3 years of listing time and no Big Four audits. Furthermore, government intervention can inhibit the boosting effect of ESG on enterprise financial performance, while increased internet and marketization levels can reinforce that effect.
Analysis on the Influencing Factors of Cold Chain Logistics Development of Fresh Agricultural Products in Sichuan Province
Authors: Chen Binghong , Liu Chenghua , Zhao Xu
Published: April 2023

In recent years, with the development of social economy, cold chain logistics has developed rapidly in China. Fresh agricultural products are one of the main objects of cold chain logistics. Cold chain logistics is closely related to the production, processing, transportation and sales of fresh agricultural products. Sichuan Province has a good agricultural industry base and is the third largest grain producing province in China. However, the level of cold chain logistics of fresh agricultural products in the province is not high and needs to be further improved. In order to make the development of cold chain logistics of fresh agricultural products in Sichuan Province more perfect, a set of cold chain logistics evaluation index system was established, and the relevant data of Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2020 were used to study the influencing factors of its development by using the grey correlation model.
Research on the empowerment path of agricultural products health care in Shiquan County, Shaanxi Province under the big health industry
Authors: jingya Wei
Published: April 2023

With the introduction of national strategies such as Healthy China 2030, the big health industry has ushered in new development opportunities and has now become one of the new economic growth points in China. Relying on its rich selenium resources, Shiquan County, Ankang, Shaanxi has grown many selenium-enriched products, developed many resources for health care, culture and tourism, and built a relatively complete selenium-enriched industry. In the new era of the development of the big health industry, this paper analyzes the development opportunities of the selenium-rich industry, and believes that we can rely on policy support and market demand to build a healthy tourism base and establish a selenium-rich food brand, so as to promote the high-quality development of the selenium-rich industry in Shiquan County, Ankang City.
Simulation research of port competitiveness based on system dynamics
Authors: Yan Xie
Published: April 2023

It is an urgent problem for Chinese large and medium-sized ports to improve their competitiveness. With the method of system dynamics and the software Vensim-PLE, the simulation model of port competitiveness is constructed to explore the internal factors influencing mechanism and development trend of port competitiveness. By constructing causality diagram and system flow diagram, the paper analyzes the influence mechanism of related factors on port competitiveness. Taking Nanjing Port as the specific research object, it predicts the change trend of cargo throughput and other related variables and port competitiveness. Then it designs four simulation schemes to improve the port competitiveness of Nanjing Port ,and compares the improvement effects of different schemes. Finally, it puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to improve port competitiveness.
Can the Reform of Rural Collective Property Rights System Improve Agricultural Total Factor Productivity?
Authors: Changzhi Xin
Published: April 2023

Based on the theory of property rights and division of labor, this paper constructs the mechanism of rural collective property rights system reform to promote agricultural total factor productivity (TFP). And using PSM-DID analysis of the impact of the reform on agricultural TFP. The results show that the reform has improved the agricultural TFP. This study is beneficial to objectively evaluate the effect of rural collective property right system reform, and is of great significance to explore the focus and key path of the new round of reform under the background of common prosperity.
An exploration of project-driven cultivation of students’ innovative ability in college English teaching
Authors: Zhao Rui , Bao Jiading , He Shuilong
Published: April 2023

Innovation ability is an integral part of students’ comprehensive ability. Compared with students majoring in engineering, students majoring in arts should pay more attention to the improvement of innovation ability in training. This paper expounds the significance of project driven in the cultivation of college students’ innovation ability, introduces the goal of cultivating students’ innovation ability in college English teaching, discusses the implementation path and optimization strategy of the project from three aspects of reading project, writing project and speech project, and explores the talent cultivation mode that conforms to the characteristics of college English teaching and acknowledges the social needs.
Research on the Influence of the Social Comparison Orientation on Online Compulsive Buying Tendency of Young People
Authors: Letong Wang , Yuran Wang , Yichun Li , Wanfei Lin
Published: April 2023

Nowadays, the online compulsive buying behavior of the young group is increasing, which has become a social problem that needs to be solved. This paper focuses on individual psychological factors and explores how social comparison orientation influences online compulsive buying. Through the research method of the questionnaire survey, this paper shows that different levels of the social comparison will lead to different buying preferences. And then we examined how mediating and moderating effects work on the influence path of the compulsive buying tendency. As a result, this study innovatively finds the mechanism of materialism values as a mediator and self-concept clarity as a moderator. It ultimately allows us to figure out a pathway that leads to the online compulsive buying tendency, and can provide new ideas for solving the problems caused by it.
Short-term urban road congestion prediction considering temporal-spatial correlation
Authors: Deng Liqi , Wei Liying
Published: April 2023

In order to address the gaps in the study of short-term urban road congestion prediction based on Baidu map real-time road condition data, a short-term prediction model for urban road congestion based on Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) and Weighted Markov Chains (WMC) is constructed by combining historical temporal correlation of urban road congestion data with spatial correlation between road sections. The model use the PCC method to filter out the spatially significantly related road sections from the upstream and downstream sections of the target road section and add them to the target road section data set as the data input of the WMC prediction model to achieve the short-term prediction of urban road congestion. The performances of the proposed models are validated by using manually collecting real-time road condition data from Baidu map. The research results show that the model integrate the spatial and temporal correlations in the urban road congestion data. Compared with other three prediction models, the prediction accuracy of the proposed model is improved by 3.096% on average, and the prediction error is reduced by 0.135 on average.
Research on the Construction of New Rural Credit Evaluation Ind ex System under the Background of Rural Governance Modernization
Authors: Li Min
Published: April 2023

Based on sorting out the high intrinsic value coupling between the modernization of rural governance and the development of rural credit system in China, following the development requirements of rural revitalization and the principles of credit evaluation index system construction. This paper develops a new type of rural credit evaluation evaluation system by Delphi method and Analytic hierarchy process, which contains 6 first-level indicators of economic dimension, political dimension, cultural dimension, social dimension, ecological dimension and incentive dimension, and 23 second-level indicators. The results were also analyzed.
The Effect of Dry Needling on Suprapatellar Tendonitis:
A Case Report
Authors: Shahbazi Majid
Published: April 2023

Background Patellar tendinitis is common in jumping sports. Pain from
patellar tendinopathy is challenging to manage. Dry needling as a stand-alone
treatment for tendinopathy is supported. To our knowledge, dry needling has
never been used alone. This case report depicts dry needling on the proximal
patellar pole.

Case description A 43-year-old male presented with left suprapatellar
tendinitis. He was injured four months before beginning dry needling while
playing futsal without warming up. The superior pole of the patellar was tender
to palpation and caused moderate pain. At 20 degrees of knee flexion, discomfort
began during double leg squats. The Clarke’s Sign, Eccentric Step, and
Step Up tests showed positive results. The patient received five sessions of DN
at the proximal pole of the patella twice weekly. This study’s primary
outcomes were the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), the Kujala Anterior Knee
Pain Scale (AKPS), the global rating of change scale (GRC), and the angle of
knee flexion during the squat. The researcher collected data at the five
stages.

Outcomes The patient’s primary outcome measures improved after
three weeks of DN and three months of follow-up. The NPRS showed a reduction in
pain, while the AKPS demonstrated a decrease in disability.

Conclusion The successful treatment of a patient with suprapatellar
tendinopathy utilizing DN is possibly described for the first time in this case
report. This study demonstrated the efficacy of dry needling as a first-line
treatment for managing chronic tendinopathy with a history of trauma.
NextLens—The Next Generation of Surgical Navigation: Proof of Concept of an Augmented Reality System for Surgical Navigation
Authors: Grunert Ronny , Snyderman Carl-Henry , Gardner Paul , Busse Michel , Ahner Lukas , Kropla Fabian , Möbius Robert , Jung Svenja , Scholz Sebastian , Güresir Erdem , Winkler Dirk
Published: April 2023

Objective The aim of this work was the development of an augmented reality system including the functionality of conventional surgical navigation systems.

Methods An application software for the Augmented Reality System HoloLens 2 from Microsoft was developed. It detects the position of the patient as well as position of surgical instruments in real time and displays it within the two-dimensional (2D) magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography (CT) images. The surgical pointer instrument, including a pattern that is recognized by the HoloLens 2 sensors, was created with three-dimensional (3D) printing. The technical concept was demonstrated at a cadaver skull to identify anatomical landmarks.

Results With the help of the HoloLens 2 and its sensors, the real-time position of the surgical pointer instrument could be shown. The position of the 3D-printed pointer with colored pattern could be recognized within 2D-CT images when stationary and in motion at a cadaver skull. Feasibility could be demonstrated for the clinical application of transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.

Conclusion The HoloLens 2 has a high potential for use as a surgical navigation system. With subsequent studies, a further accuracy evaluation will be performed receiving valid data for comparison with conventional surgical navigation systems. In addition to transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, it could be also applied for other surgical disciplines.
Bluetooth Coupling in Hearing Aids: Effect on Audiovisual Speech Recognition and Quality Rating of Compressed Speech in Older Individuals with Sloping Hearing Loss
Authors: Shetty Hemanth Narayan , Kumar Shubhaganga Dhrruva , Vijayasarathy Srikar
Published: April 2023

Introduction Older individuals often report that they find it difficulty in enjoying watching television since they find it hard to follow the rapid intensity variations, and voice changes from scene to scene.

Objective The present study investigated the effect of coupling the hearing aid with the television via Bluetooth on audiovisual speech recognition and quality rating of compressed speech in older individuals with hearing loss.

Method Twenty participants in the age range of 60 to 75 years who had moderate to moderately severe sloping sensorineural hearing loss were bilaterally fitted with digital receiver in the canal hearing aids. The hearing aid was coupled with a television via Bluetooth using a streamer. The video recorded stimuli were presented at 65 dB SPL at normal rate, 35% compression and 45% compression conditions. Speech recognition scores and quality ratings were obtained for each condition with and without the Bluetooth streamer connected to the hearing aids.

Results Speech recognition scores were significantly better with Bluetooth coupling compared with conventional hearing aid use at 40% compressed speech rate. The quality was also rated higher in almost all parameters across speech rates when Bluetooth was used.

Conclusions The improved clarity and nullification of room reverberation offered by Bluetooth coupling can potentially compensate for the age-related temporal processing deficit contributing to ease of listening.
Patterns of Maxillofacial Injures Caused by Motorcycle Accidents
Authors: Noorali Imad S. , Attyia Marwa A. , Alsunbuli Mudher M. B.
Published: April 2023

Introduction Motorcycles are used as a common means of transportation, and motorcycle accidents are responsible for a major portion of trauma injuries.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze the patterns of facial injuries in motorcyclists, to evaluate the types of injuries, and to investigate if the accident-related factors had any impact on the characteristics of the injuries.

Methods This retrospective observational study included 74 patients with maxillofacial injuries following motorcycle-related accidents. Investigated data were divided into four main categories: sociodemographic, accident-related, injury-related, and treatment-related.

Results All the patients were males with a mean age (±SD) of 25.03 (±9.986) years. Most accidents (n = 44, 59.4%) occurred in the evening. Most of the patients (n = 40, 54%) were traveling on motorcycle models that had maximum speed of over 120 km/h. Furthermore, 15 patients (18.9%) were under the influence of alcohol during the crashes and only one patient was wearing a helmet. Fractures of the maxillofacial bones were observed in 50 (67.5%) crash victims; 24 of them (48%) had middle third fractures, 11 (22%) had mandibular fractures, and 15 patients (30%) presented with a combination of lower, middle, and upper third fractures.

Conclusion Almost all patients were not wearing helmets at the moment of the crash. The most common fractured site was the maxilla. The majority of the patients received surgical treatment. Increased enforcement of safety measures for riders and raising awareness about the dangers of motorcycle crashes are required measures to improve traffic safety and, ultimately, population health.
Nasal Crust-Related Morbidity and Debridement After Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Curran Kent , Adepoju Adedamola , Pinheiro-Neto Carlos , Peris-Celda Maria , Kenning Tyler
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Nasal crust after endoscopic skull base surgery can cause nasal congestion, obstruction, and pain, which can affect quality of life. The use of debridement aims to provide symptomatic relief and improve quality of life. Generally, most adult patients tolerate office-based debridement, except in a few select patients that require further sedation in the operating room for a debridement. The study sought to determine the rate of symptomatic crust-related morbidity and the rate of debridement in both the office and the operating room.

Methods: Premorbid, operative, and postoperative data of adult patients who had endoscopic skull base surgery in our institution from 2014 to 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. The characteristics of nasal symptoms in the postoperative period were determined and the number of debridements in the office and the operating room were analyzed.

Results: Two hundred and thirty-four (234) patients with 244 surgeries were included in the study. The majority, 68.9%, had a sellar lesion and a free mucosa graft (FMG) was the most common skull base reconstruction at 53.5%. One hundred and twenty (49.0%) had crust-related symptoms during the postoperative period and 11 patients (4.5%) required the operating room for debridement. The use of a pedicled flap, anxiety, and preoperative radiotherapy were significantly associated with intolerance to in-office debridement (p-value=0.05).

Conclusions: The use of a pedicled flap or anxiety may predispose patients to require an OR debridement. Previous radiotherapy also influenced the tolerance to the in-office debridement.
Variations of the Nasal Septum in Adult Nigerians: Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Ominde Beryl Shitandi , Ikubor Joyce , Igbigbi Patrick Sunday , Okolugbo Nekwu
Published: April 2023

Introduction The morphological variants of the nasal septum have been implicated in sinus pathology and pose a challenge during endoscopic surgeries.

Objective The present study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of nasal septum variants in adult Nigerians.

Methods The present study was performed at the Radiology Department of Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, following ethical approval. Brain computed tomography (CT) scan images of 336 adults were evaluated for nasal septum variants. The angle of the deviated nasal septum was measured, and the severity was classified. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The angle of deviation was presented in means and standard deviation. Frequencies of the variants were presented in percentages. The Student t-test was used to compare the angle of deviation, while the chi-squared test was used to compare the frequencies in the different groups. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results The prevalence of straight and deviated nasal septum was 59.5% and 40.5%, respectively. Deviation was predominant in females (46%) and, more frequently, of moderate severity (75%). The angle of deviation was significantly larger in males (12.55 ± 2.99°) than in females (11.13 ± 2.41°; p = 0.003). Nasal spur had a prevalence of 11.9%, and its coexistence with deviated nasal septum was observed in 5.06%. Septal pneumatization was seen in 10 patients (3%).

Conclusion Deviation of the nasal septum occurred more in females and toward the left; however, the angle of deviation was significantly higher in males. Nasal septal spur and pneumatization were the least prevalent variants.
Assessment of Pulmonary Metastasis in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: Value of HRCT Correlation with Functional Imaging
Authors: Kalshetty Ashwini , Basu Sandip
Published: April 2023

Pulmonary metastases in thyroid carcinoma demonstrates varying imaging characteristics and disease biology and the outcome. The valuable complimentary role of high-resolution CT (HRCT) in conjunction with functional imaging such as radioiodine scan has been discussed and illustrated in this review along with the varied clinical and imaging presentations of lung metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). A multi-modality patient-specific diagnostic approach and awareness about the atypical presentations helps in early identification as well as effective management of these patients, and especially in certain situations that could need multi-disciplinary management. While HRCT of the lungs as an added tool provides detailed visualization of the lung parenchyma, in the era of hybrid imaging, the routine adoption of SPECT-CT in patients with pulmonary metastases (in diagnostic or post-treatment settings) could provide equivalent or even incremental information from further management viewpoint.
Paranasal Sinus Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Metastasizing to Breast and Ovary on PET/CT—A Case Report with the Review of Literature
Authors: Singh Vijay , Saini Vivek , Ora Manish , Gambhir Sanjay
Published: April 2023

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant soft tissue tumor of skeletal muscle origin. The head and neck, urinary tract, and extremities are the common sites of origin. Embryonal, alveolar, pleomorphic, and spindle/sclerosing are subtypes. It is more common in childhood and rare among adults. The incidence and risk factors for this disease are mainly largely unknown. RMS is sporadic in most instances; however, it is attributed to familial syndromes in some situations—its metastasis to the lungs, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Breast and ovary involvement is scarce. Diagnostic workup mainly includes contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, 18F-fluro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) and PET/MRI are increasing contribution to providing functional insights about tumor biology and improving the diagnostic accuracy of the imaging workup. This report presents a case of the neck's embryonal RMS metastasizing simultaneously to the breast and ovary. PET/CT imaging revealed the unusual pattern, further validated by histopathology.
Comparison of Free Flap Outcomes at a University Hospital versus County Hospital Setting for Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Swanson Mark S. , Gantz Oliver , Zhou Sheng , Fisher Laurel , Kezirian Eric , Tan Michael H. , Zhang Yanchen , Chambers Tamara N. , Sinha Uttam K. , Kokot Niels
Published: April 2023

Introduction Patients at public county hospitals often have poorer access to healthcare with advanced disease on presentation. These factors, along with limited resources at county hospitals, may have an impact on outcomes for patients requiring complex head and neck reconstruction.

Objective To delineate differences in the frequency of complications in two different care settings, a public county hospital and a private university hospital.

Methods Retrospective review of otolaryngology patients at a university hospital compared with a publicly-funded county hospital. The main outcome measure was major complications including total flap loss or unplanned reoperation in 30 days. Secondary outcome measures included medical complications, partial flap loss, and unplanned hospital readmission in 30 days.

Results In the county hospital sample (n = 58) free flap failure or reoperation occurred in 20.7% of the patients, and minor complications, in 36.2% of the patients. In the university hospital sample (n = 65) flap failure or reoperation occurred in 9.2% of the patients, and minor complications, in 12.3% of the patients. Patients at the private hospital who had surgery in the oropharynx were least likely to have minor complications.

Conclusion Patients at the county hospital had a higher but not statistically significant difference in flap failure and reoperation than those at a university hospital, although the county hospital experienced more minor postoperative complications. This is likely multifactorial, and may be related to poorer access to primary care preoperatively, malnutrition, poorly controlled or undiagnosed medical comorbidities, and differences in hospital resources.
The Effect of Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy on Upper Airway Obstruction Patterns in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Mothersole Kelsey , Ulualp Seckin Omer , Szmuk Peter , Liu Christopher
Published: April 2023

Introduction Alterations in upper airway flow dynamics and sites of airway obstruction immediately after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (TA) have not been assessed. Identification of the changes in airway obstruction patterns after TA potentially improves the surgical management of children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Objective To evaluate the effect of TA on upper airway obstruction patterns detected with drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE).

Methods The medical records of patients who underwent pre-TA DISE during the induction of anesthesia and post-TA DISE at the end of TA were reviewed. Data pertaining to polysomnography and DISE findings were analyzed.

Results Twenty-seven patients (15 male and 12 females aged between 2 and 18 years old) were identified. All patients had obstruction at multiple sites of the upper airway. Prior to TA, airway obstruction was at the level of the velum in 27 patients, of the oropharynx/lateral walls in 27, of the tongue in 7, and of the epiglottis in 4. After TA, airway obstruction was at the level of the velum in 24 patients, of the oropharynx/lateral walls in 16, of the tongue in 6, and of the epiglottis in 4. The degree of obstruction at the levels of the velum and oropharynx/lateral walls after TA was significantly decreased.

Conclusions Drug-induced sleep endoscopy performed prior to TA revealed that most of the sites of airway obstruction persisted after TA in OSA children with multiple sites of airway obstruction. Further studies in larger group of children with OSA are needed to establish the value of DISE findings in predicting residual OSA after TA, surgical planning, determining the need for post TA sleep study, and counseling caregivers.
The Effect of Different Stimulation Rates on Brainstem Auditory-Evoked-Potential Responses
Authors: Andrade Kelly Cristina Lira de , Frizzo Ana Cláudia Figueiredo , Oliveira Katielle Menezes de , Pinheiro Natália dos Santos , Marques Maria Cecilia dos Santos , Carnaúba Aline Tenório Lins , Costa Klinger Vagner Teixeira , Menezes Pedro de Lemos
Published: April 2023

Introduction Auditory-evoked potentials are influenced by several factors, including polarity, filter, stimulus intensity and stimulation rate. The presentation of higher rates of stimuli per second enables the collection of a greater number of responses in a given period of time, promoting a shorter testing time; however, the collected recordings are subject to changes related to wave morphology.

Objectives To compare the brainstem auditory-evoked-potential responses with click stimulus with the most commonly used stimulation rates in the clinical practice.

Methods The present cross-sectional analytical study was performed with fifteen participants of both genders and normal hearing thresholds. The brainstem auditory-evoked potential was performed at four different stimulation rates (21.1, 26.7, and 27.7 stimuli/s, and a rate determined based on a mathematical calculation using the a measurement of the transmission frequency of the power grid at the time of the examination).

Results We observed that the rate of 21.1 stimuli/s showed the highest amplitudes for waves I, III, and V when compared with the other rates. The rate of 26.7 stimuli/s, when compared with 27.7 stimuli/s, showed a higher amplitude for wave V. The latency if wave V was significantly lower with the rate of 21.1 stimuli/s than with 27.7 stimuli/s.

Conclusions The stimulation rate interferes with wave latencies and amplitudes; its decrease from 27.7 to 21.1 stimuli/s decreases the latency of wave V and increases the amplitues and improves the morphology of waves I, III and V. In addition, we found evidence that suggests an improvement in the visualization of wave III by adjusting the stimulation rate based on a measurement of the local transmission frequency of the power grid.
Observation of two different temperature-dependent behaviors of the defects in III-nitride micro-LEDs
Authors: Mo Chen , Liu Bangzhi , Xu Jian
Published: April 2023

As micro-LED pixel sizes shrink, the volume-to-surface ratio increases, so defect-assisted non-radiative recombination becomes more important for LED pixel efficiency degradation. The donor-type defects on the pixel sidewalls are induced by inductively coupled plasma etching, and the carrier leakage through the sidewalls is determined by the density of surface traps. The defects in quantum wells provide places for the non-radiative recombination of electron–hole pairs, and the recombination rate is related to the thermal velocity of carriers and the trapping cross section of defects. The experimental results indicate that the significant improvement of quantum efficiency from sidewall passivation happens at current densities higher than 400 A/cm2 at an environmental temperature of 300 K. When the temperature decreases to 150 K, the sample with sidewall passivation has 10% higher quantum efficiency at all current ranges. Numerical modeling is applied to evaluate the behaviors of two types of defects at different temperatures. Our observation from modeling reveals that the efficiency drop caused by surface defects is hardly affected by temperature changes, whereas results show that the Shockley–Read–Hall nonradiative recombination rate decreases rapidly at low temperature due to longer carrier lifetime and increased difficulty of electron and hole recombination in traps. Therefore, the significant increase in the efficiency at 150 K, especially in the low current density range, is due to the defects within the quantum well.
Polyrhachis femorata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) habitat and colony defensive immobility strategy
Authors: Petit Sophie , Hammond Peter A. , Heterick Brian , Weyland John J.
Published: April 2023

Many animal species ‘play dead’ or feign death (in some cases called tonic immobility) as a defence strategy against predators, including some ants, although triggers and durations are poorly understood. We repeatedly observed such death-feigning behaviour in Polyrhachis femorata ants that occupied pygmy-possum nest boxes deployed on Kangaroo Island following the 2019–2020 bushfires that burnt half of the island. Most of the 759 bat and pygmy-possum boxes (901 cavities) were on burnt ground. In 3312 box cavity checks on 13 diverse properties during monitoring visits, 28 of 40 P. femorata records (first for South Australia) occurred in unburnt Critically Endangered Narrow-Leaf Mallee Woodland community, seven in adjacent mallee community containing narrow-leaf mallee, three in cup gum unburnt habitat, and two in one box on burnt ground. Fire may have affected the abundance and re-establishment of the species. Polyrhachis femorata engages in a surprising defensive immobility strategy in boxes, since it is not only undertaken by individuals facing a potential predator, but also by entire colonies. The death-feigning behaviours were complemented by plugging box entrances. Nest boxes may be used to study this mysterious behaviour in this poorly known species, although frequent observation could lead to nest abandonment by the ant.
Intrinsic Electronic Properties of BN-Encapsulated, van der Waals Contacted MoSe2 Field-Effect Transistors
Authors: Shao Yinjiang , Zhou Jian , Xu Ning , Chen Jian , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Shi Yi , Li Songlin
Published: April 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have attracted considerable interest for their unique physical properties. Here, we report the intrinsic cryogenic electronic transport properties in few-layer MoSe2 field-effect transistors (FETs) that are fully encapsulated in ultraclean hexagonal boron nitride dielectrics and are simultaneously van der Waals contacted with gold electrodes. The FETs exhibit electronically favorable channel/dielectric interfaces with low densities of interfacial traps (< 1010 cm−2), which lead to outstanding device characteristics at room temperature, including near-Boltzmann-limit subthreshold swings (65 mV/dec), high carrier mobilities (53–68 cm2⋅V−1⋅s−1), and negligible scanning hystereses (< 15 mV). The dependence of various contact-related parameters with temperature and carrier density is also systematically characterized to understand the van der Waals contacts between gold and MoSe2. The results provide insightful information about the device physics in van der Waals contacted and encapsulated 2D FETs.