bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Japan’s new national security strategy: a reconsideration of regional and global security context
Authors: Syvolap Dmytro , Yeremenko Ihor , Zhuravel Vladyslav
Published: April 2023

This article is devoted to the analysis and description of Japan’s new vision of its national security in a deteriorating international environment, as well as consequences of such shifts for the regional and global security infrastructure. The authors have highlighted the prerequisites of these changes, taken a look at reactions from key international actors and described Japan’s plans for future engagement with its allies and adversaries.
Розробка уроку німецької мови «Den Eltern helfen» для учнів 7 класів (3 рік вивчення)
Authors: Сулік Олександра
Published: April 2023

У статті запропоновано авторську розробку уроку німецької мови для учнів 7 класів загальної школи. Приділено увагу міжпредметним зв’язкам: англійська мова – німецька мова. На основі вивчення граматичного матеріалу повторюються лексичні одиниці з теми Hausarbeit, а також актуалізуються повторенню цієї ж теми з англійської та розвитку мовної компетентності. Розроблений урок спрямовано на формування іншомовної мовної та соціокультурної компетентностей учнів.
Incontinence of urine in women. Diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Scutelnic Ghenadie , Gutu Corina
Published: April 2023

Urinary incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine. The condition occurs in both sexes, but is most commonly observed in women (twice as often), and is more frequently encountered with advancing age. According to the International Continence Society, urinary incontinence is defined as "the complaint of any involuntary loss of urine that represents a social or hygienic problem and is objectively demonstrable." In general, according to the Terminology Standardization Committee, urinary incontinence is "the complaint of any involuntary loss of urine under conditions of social embarrassment." [1] In female patients, urinary incontinence is usually related to dysfunction of the bladder or pelvic floor muscles, which often appears during pregnancy or childbirth and/or menopause. There are two main subtypes of urinary incontinence: stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and urge urinary incontinence (UUI). According to the International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) and the International Continence Society (ICS), stress urinary incontinence is defined as the complaint of involuntary leakage on effort or exertion, or on sneezing or coughing, while urge urinary incontinence is the complaint of involuntary leakage accompanied by or immediately preceded by urgency. These two types are so common that they frequently coexist as a combination of symptoms called mixed urinary incontinence. Most women with urge urinary incontinence also receive a diagnosis of overactive bladder syndrome, in which urge urinary incontinence is a possible component.[1,2]
Дисфункціональна активність еритроцитів в якості одного з провідних патогенетичних механізмів термічного ураження щитоподібної залози
Authors: Тірон Оксана , Вастьянов Руслан
Published: April 2023

Актуальність проблеми опікової травми пояснюється складністю та тривалістю лікування, розвитком ускладнень, частою втратою та/або дефіцитом функцій окремих органів та систем, довготривалою втратою працездатності та порівняно високою летальністю. Нас зацікавили зміни з боку ендокринної регуляції, детальніше – у функціонуванні щитоподібної залози, індуковані внаслідок термічного ушкодження. Ми припустили доцільність перевірки ймовірності наявності підсилення процесів ліпопероксидації та пригнічення активності антиоксидантної системи безпосередньо в клітинній частині крові, а саме – в еритроцитах. Метою роботи є дослідження вираженості процесів ліпопероксидації та антиоксидантного захисту в еритроцитах тварин, а також визначення показників перекисної резистентності еритроцитів та сумарної пероксидазної активності плазми в динаміці термічної травми шкіри на тлі застосування фізіологічного розчину. Через 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 і 30 діб після термічних опіків шкіри у крові щурів визначали перекисну резистенцію еритроцитів та сумарну пероксидазна активність, а в еритроцитах крові визначали вміст малонового діальдегіду та активність низки антиоксидантних ферментів. Протягом 30 днів післяопікового періоду авторами доведено наявність глибинних порушень активності функціональної системи «перекисне окислення ліпідів – антиоксидантний захист» з її поломкою у бік гіперактивації накопичення продуктів ліпопероксидації та спряженим пригніченням активності антиоксидантних ферментів. Виявлені пероксидні зрушення за умов гіпертермічного впливу зареєстровані в еритроцитах щурів, що свідчить про їх безпосереднє залучення до опосередкування патологічного процесу при термічному ураженні щитоподібної залози. Це також підтверджується доведеним зростанням показників перекисної резистенції еритроцитів та сумарної пероксидазної активності плазми крові в динаміці післяопікового процесу. Застосування фізіологічного розчину не виявилося ефективним в корегуючому плані для нормалізації процесів ліпопероксидації та антиоксидантного захисту в еритроцитах, а також вираженості інтегральних показників клітинної дисфункції при термічному ураженні щитоподібної залози.
Застосування сучасних форм наступального маневну на прикладі досвіду харківської наступальної операції
Authors: Зміївський Геннадій , Пугач Вячеслав , Чепурний В’ячеслав
Published: April 2023

Проводиться аналіз досвіду застосування сучасних форм наступального маневру в ході Харківської наступальної операції. Обґрунтовується їх проведення по тактичних епізодах. Висвітлюються можливості різних форм маневру, які сприяли успішному результату операції, та умови для їх ефективного використання. На основі проведеного аналізу виділяється еволюція форм маневру, їх новизна та переваги над застарілими.
Designing evaluations to provide evidence to inform action in new settings
Authors: Davey Calum , Hassan Syreen , Cartwright Nancy , Humphreys Macartan , Masset Edoardo , Prost Audrey , Gough David , Oliver Sandy , Bonell Chris , Hargreaves James
Published: April 2023

Policy and interventions should be informed by the best available evidence, but evaluations are not always optimally designed to inform decisions about policies and interventions in new contexts. Learning the most possible from evaluations is important; evaluating is expensive and policy makers should be confident about their decisions. Using evidence from previous studies can lead to better policy decisions, but there have been cases where doing so has led to interventions that have not worked. Learning from evaluations for decisions elsewhere has generally been more successful for interventions that are simple and are less context dependent (or context-dependent in a simple way, such as depending on the severity of the problem). With increasing focus on complex, context-dependent interventions, we need to ensure that evaluations can offer as much information as possible to guide decisions in other contexts. Consultation with DIFD to inform this paper underscored the points above. Examples where DIFD wants to learn more include: What has been learned from the recent outbreak of Ebola in West Africa that could inform future outbreaks, outbreaks of other diseases, or more generally about how health promotion can be reconciled quickly with cultural norms and expectations (such as to attend funerals and lay hands on deceased relatives)? What can be learned from the peace-process in Northern Ireland that could be applicable in South Sudan? What can be learned across evaluations of programmes that use mobile phone technology to change behaviours, both for future mobile-based interventions but also as a platform for understanding how habits can be changed efficiently? Large-scale, multi-component initiatives to improve the education system in a single country — what can the evaluation say about efforts to improve educational outcomes in other countries, and for engaging with public/private organisational cultures to affect change?The aim of this paper is to suggest possible ways to address the issue of learning more from evaluations and make recommendations for how CEDIL could advance this area in the programme of work. To achieve this aim, we conducted consultations with experts from a range of disciplines to identify key concepts and developed a framework for possible approaches. We summarised and contrasted the approaches and reflected on their potential to address DFID’s needs.
Gaps in Evaluation Methods for Addressing Challenging Contexts in Development
Authors: Davey Calum , Hassan Syreen , Bonell Chris , Cartwright Nancy , Humphreys Macartan , Prost Audrey , Hargreaves James
Published: April 2023

We start this paper by emphasizing that that we currently do not learn as much as we could from evaluations. While there are well-established methods for determining, and understanding, the effects of simpler interventions in one set of places (i.e. internal validity), it is less clear how to learn the most possible from evaluations of context-specific, complex, interventions, and apply what we learn to other contexts. This is especially important in international development where evaluations are limited by time, cost and opportunity, and where there is significant heterogeneity in the issues and contexts within which work is undertaken. Using examples and case studies throughout, we outline several gaps in evaluation methods that if addressed, could allow us to learn more. First, we argue that an important gap is the failure to combine the analysis and interpretation of process and outcome data, and illustrate the benefits of doing so. We then highlight principles that could be adapted to guide the integration from two methodological frameworks from other research fields, and discuss Bayesian modelling as a potential method that could be employed. Second, we place this gap within an evaluation approach, which relies on developing “midlevel” theories, and using data from evaluations to test and refine these theories to allow for knowledge from one setting to be transported to others. Finally, we identify further gaps and the challenges that confront this evaluation approach.
Measurement Report: Carbonyl Sulfide production during Dimethyl Sulfide oxidation in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR
Authors: von Hobe Marc , Taraborrelli Domenico , Alber Sascha , Bohn Birger , Dorn Hans-Peter , Fuchs Hendrik , Li Yun , Qiu Chenxi , Rohrer Franz , Sommariva Roberto , Stroh Fred , Tan Zhaofeng , Wedel Sergej , Novelli Anna
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Carbonyl sulfide (OCS), the most abundant sulfur gas in the Earth’s atmosphere, is a greenhouse gas, a precursor to stratospheric sulfate aerosol, and a proxy for terrestrial CO2 uptake. Estimates of important OCS sources and sinks still bear significant uncertainties and the global budget is not considered closed. One particularly uncertain source term, the OCS production during the atmospheric oxidation of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) emitted by the oceans, is addressed by a series of experiments in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR at conditions comparable to the remote marine atmosphere. DMS oxidation was initiated with OH and/or Cl radicals and DMS, OCS and several oxidation products and intermediates were measured, including hydroperoxymethyl thioformate (HPMTF) that was recently found to play a key role in DMS oxidation in the marine atmosphere. One important finding is that the onset of HPMTF and OCS formation occurred faster than expected from the current chemical mechanisms. In agreement with other recent studies, OCS yields between 9 and 12 % were observed in our experiments. Such yields are substantially higher than the 0.7 % yield measured in laboratory experiments in the 1990s that is generally used to estimate the indirect OCS source from DMS in global budget estimates. However, we do not expect the higher yields found in our experiments to directly translate to a substantially higher OCS source from DMS oxidation in the real atmosphere, where conditions are highly variable and, as pointed out in recent work, heterogeneous HPMTF loss is expected to effectively limit OCS production via this pathway. Together with other experimental studies, our results will be helpful to further elucidate the DMS oxidation chemical mechanism and in particular the paths leading to OCS formation.
Impact of the Guinea Coast upwelling on atmospheric dynamics, precipitation and pollutant transport over Southern West Africa
Authors: de Coëtlogon Gaëlle , Deroubaix Adrien , Flamant Cyrille , Menut Laurent , Gaetani Marco
Published: April 2023

Abstract. In West Africa, the zonal band of precipitation is generally located around the southern coast in June before migrating northward towards the Sahel in late June / early July. This gives way to a relative dry season for coastal regions from Côte d’Ivoire to Benin called "little dry season" which lasts until September–October. Previous studies have noted that the coastal rainfall cessation in early July seems to coincide with the emergence of an upwelling along the Guinea coast: the aim of this study is to investigate the mechanisms by which this upwelling would have an impact on precipitation, using a set of numerical simulations performed with the regional atmospheric model Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF v 3.7.1,). Sensitivity experiments highlight the response of the atmospheric circulation to an intensification, or conversely a reduction, of the strength of the coastal upwelling: they clearly show that the coastal upwelling emergence is responsible for the cessation of coastal precipitation by weakening the northward humidity transport, thus decreasing the coastal convergence of the humidity transport and inhibiting the deep atmospheric convection. In addition, the diurnal cycle of the low-level circulation plays a critical role: since the land breeze controls the seaward convergence of diurnal anomaly of humidity transport, explaining the late night / early morning peak observed in coastal precipitation, the emergence of the coastal upwelling strongly attenuates this peak because of a reduced land-sea temperature gradient in the night and a weaker land breeze. The impact on the inland transport of anthropogenic pollution is also shown with numerical simulations of aerosols with the CHIMERE chemistry-transport model: warmer (colder) SSTs increase (decrease) the inland transport of pollutants, especially during the night, suggesting an influence of the upwelling intensity on the coastal low-level jet. Important considerations for inland humidity transport and the predictability of the West African Monsoon precipitation in summer may arise from this work and motivate further research.
Oceanographic Processes Favoring Deoxygenation Inside Patagonian Fjords
Authors: Linford Pamela , Pérez-Santos Iván , Montero Paulina , Díaz Patricio , Aracena Claudia , Pinilla Elías , Barrera Facundo , Castillo Manuel , Alvera-Azcárate Aida , Alvarado Mónica , Soto Gabriel , Pujol Cécile , Schwerter Camila , Arenas-Uribe Sara , Navarro Pilar , Mancilla-Gutiérrez Guido , Altamirano Robinson , San Martín Javiera , Soto-Riquelme Camila
Published: April 2023

Abstract. The dissolved oxygen (DO) levels of oceanic-coastal waters has decreased over the last decade owing to the increase in surface water temperature caused by climate change. In addition, biological and human activity in coastal zones, bays, and estuaries has contributed to the acceleration of current deoxygenation. The Patagonian fjord and channel system is one world region where low DO water (LDOW, 30 %–60 % oxygen saturation) and hypoxia conditions (< 30 % oxygen saturation, 2 ml L−1 or 89.2 µmol L−1) is observed. An in-situ data set of hydrographic and biogeochemical parameters (2017 stations), collected from sporadic oceanographic cruises between 1970 and 2021, was used to quantify the mechanism involved in the presence of LDOW and hypoxic conditions in northern Patagonian fjords. Results denoted two main areas with LDOW (e.g., Puyuhuapi Fjord-Jacaf channel, Comau Fjord, and the Reloncaví estuarine system) extending from 25–400 m depth. Simultaneously, hypoxia was recorded in the Puyuhuapi Fjord, Jacaf Channel, and Quitralco Fjord. Quitralco registered the lowest values of DO (9.36 µmol L−1 and 1.6 % oxygen saturation) of the entire Patagonian fjord system. Areas of LDOW and hypoxia coincided with the accumulation of inorganic nutrients. Water mass analysis confirmed the contribution of equatorial subsurface water in the advection of the LDOW to only the Puyuhuapi Fjord and Jacaf Channel. In addition, in Puyuhuapi Fjord, hypoxic conditions occurred when the community respiration rate (6.6 g C m−2d−1) exceeded the gross primary production estimate (1.9 g C m−2d−1) possibly due to the increased consumption of DO during the use of both autochthonous and allochthonous organic matter. Biogeochemical processes and circulation regimens also contribute to deoxygenation and will be part of the discussion of the present research.
Age Related Cytoarchitectural Comparison of Histopathological Changes in Thyroid Nodule
Authors: Fatima Tanweer , Ali Sanum , Rawtani Ghansham , Dawani Surrendar , Hussain Sehrish , Zahid Sarah , Baluch Aillah , Rasul Shahid
Published: April 2023

Objective: To compare age related histomorphological changes through cytology (Bethesda category) and histopathology in thyroid nodules. Study design and setting: This cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, BMSI, JPMC Karachi from 31-March-2021 to 31-August-2021. Methodology: Total n=120 patients of all ages, genders and ethnicities that underwent surgery for thyroid nodules were included after taking duly signed consent. On the basis of cytological reports (FNAC) patients were grouped according to age and gender. Processed paraffin blocks were sectioned at a thickness of 5µm and then were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) for histological evaluation. Masson trichrome stain was used to observe fibrosis, that was measured through Image J Fiji software. Results: We evaluated that out of 120 patients, male to female ratio was 1:5.67. Among various ethnic groups; Urdu speaking (40.8%) with mean age of 40.3% were commonly affected. Histopathological examination revealed that most common benign lesion was colloid nodular hyperplasia and papillary carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion. Highest percentage of fibrosis (36%) was seen in middle aged participants (p-0.045). Basement membrane thickness with lowest percentage (12%) was observed in younger age participants while highest (31%) was measured in older aged participants (p-0.001). Accuracy score of FNAC showed sensitivity 59%, specificity 96.6%, accuracy 86%, positive predictive value (PPV) 86% and negative predictive value (NPV) 87%. Conclusion: With progression in age thyroid gland undergo histomorphological changes, early diagnosis will help in categorical nomenclature and its implications for subsequent management of patients with thyroid lesions
Lower Paleozoic low-grade metamorphic units from the Central Balkan Zone, Bulgaria: tectonic relationships, framework and geodynamic significance
Authors: Gerdjikov Ianko , Kounov Alexandre , Lazarova Anna , Georgiev Stoyan , Vangelov Dian
Published: April 2023

The Central Balkan Zone belongs to the north-vergent fold-and-thrust belt of the Alpine Balkan orogen. In this zone, pre-Permian low-grade rocks, metamorphosed during the Variscan orogeny, were later reworked at two main stages of the Alpine compressional tectonics. Several tectono-stratigraphic subdivisions of these metamorphic rocks were previously presented, based on a purely stratigraphic approach in the absence of detailed structural studies and, most importantly, of reliable paleontological and geochronological records. In this study, we propose a new framework of the low-grade metamorphic rocks from the Central Balkan Zone, applying a critical analysis of the existing data combined with new geochronological data and detailed lithological and structural observations. Based on the structural relationships and geochronological constraints, several new entities, such as the Korduna, Bilo and Zvezdets units, were established together with a reassessment of the previously recognized Diabase-Phyllitoid Complex (DPC). Both DPC and the Bilo Unit are now defined as Cambrian–Lower Ordovician (?) mélange complexes part of an accretionary wedge and/or forearc basin formed along the north Gondwanan margin. In the Bilo, Murgash and Etropole mountains, a tectonically uninterrupted Cambrian–Upper Ordovician section, characterized by a normal metamorphic gradient from low-grade to nonmetamorphosed terrigenous rocks, is recognized. The deposition of these sediments is related to the subduction of the Prototethys and the early evolution of the Rheic Ocean. An inverted metamorphic gradient recognized along the southern slopes of the Etropole and Zlatitsa-Teteven mountains through the Korduna and Zvezdets units is related to Variscan syn-metamorphic deformation in the Stargel-Bulovanya Tectonic Zone.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEJADIAN NYERI PUNGGUNG BAWAH PADA TENAGA MEDIS DI SILOAM HOSPITALS LIPPO VILLAGE KARAWACI
Authors: Suryawijaya Evlyne Erlyana , Siahaan Yusak Mangara Tua , Purba Ika Paula Fransiska , Hartoyo Vinson
Published: April 2023

Pendahuluan: Nyeri punggung bawah (NPB) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama yang umum dikeluhkan oleh tenaga kesehatan (nakes). NPB pada nakes terutama Indonesia sering kali dihubungkan oleh jadwal kerja yang tidak tetap, beban kerja yang relatif tinggi dan faktor mekanik seperti penanganan pasien secara manual.

Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalensi dan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian NPB pada nakes.

Metode: Penelitian analitik observasional, studi potong lintang yang bersifat retrospektif menggunakan data primer dari kuisioner terhadap nakes di RS Siloam Hospital Lippo Village Karawaci, Tangerang selama periode Oktober-Desember 2017.

Hasil: Sebanyak 171 subjek yang memenuhi syarat penelitian. Prevalensi NPB pada tenaga medis yaitu sebesar 63,7%. Faktor yang ditemukan berhubungan dengan kejadian NPB yaitu pekerjaan perawat (p=0,007), aktivitas menarik (p=0,002), mengangkat (p=0,024), mendorong (p=0,003), dan membungkuk (p=0,012).

Diskusi: Kejadian NPB pada nakes disebabkan oleh kombinasi trauma repetitif dan aktivitas yang berhubungan dengan beban berat dan postur yang abnormal.

Kata kunci: nyeri punggung bawah, tenaga kesehatan
Editorial
Authors: Aviesena Zairinal Ramdinal
Published: April 2023

Edisi ini merupakan edisi perdana yang sepenuhnya melalui format sistem Open Jurnal System (OJS). Hal ini diperlukan untuk keperluan akreditasi jurnal. Semoga semua pihak yang terlibat dalam jurnal ini bisa beradaptasi dengan sistem baru ini. Beberapa artikel menarik terdapat dalam edisi kali ini. Salah satunya adalah mengenai chorea pada pasien diabetes mellitus (DM) tipe 2 yang mengalami komplikasi hiperglikemia hiperosmolar nonketotik. Pendekatan klinis yang seksama, termasuk menyingkirkan adanya penyebab struktural di otak yang bisa menyebabkan chorea, menjadi hal yang penting untuk dilakukan.

Selain itu, terdapat laporan kasus juga mengenai perubahan status mental pasien yang dirawat awalnya dengan Covid-19. Fenomena ini memang tidak jarang bisa ditemukan pada pasien perawatan di ruang isolasi. Seperti halnya artikel chorea, pada kasus ini juga perlu langkah untuk mengeksklusi kemungkinan etiologi infeksi lain, di samping virus SARS-CoV-2, yang menyebabkan perubahan status mental pasien, misalnya dengan melakukan analisis cairan otak.

Kedua artikel tentang komplikasi DM tipe 2 dan Covid-19 menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara kondisi sistem lain di tubuh kita, dalam hal ini sistem endokrin, respirasi, dan infeksi, dengan manifestasi neurologis. Hal sebaliknya juga bisa terjadi, bahwa lesi struktural di otak bisa berdampak pada sistem lain. Misalnya, pasien perdarahan subaraknoid bisa mengakibatkan kelainan pada elektrokardiografi (EKG) dan keluhan sesak akibat edema paru neurogenik. Dengan demikian, pemahaman mengenai interaksi otak dengan sistem lain di tubuh kita adalah hal yang penting dikuasai.
Factors Affecting Mobile Payment Adoption: A Systematic Literature Review and Some Future Research Directions
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Hung , Duong Nguyen Hoang , Hang Le Bui Thanh
Published: April 2023

This study analyzes previously published research on the topic of mobile payments. The authors have selected 85 English-written studies in reliable journals from 2017 to 2022 through various scientific data sources. The objective of this study was to investigate the factors influencing mobile payments adoption. From the results obtained, this research found that Subjective Norms/Social Influence and Facilitating Conditions were the most mentioned in the research on mobile payment adoption. India is the country with the most research on mobile payment adoption, followed by China and Indonesia. Developed countries need to be more active in this area of research. Finally, most of the research on mobile payments regarding mobile payment adoption comes from the customer's perspective. Future studies should explore the factors influencing the decision to use mobile payments from different perspectives not only from customers but also from governments and businesses providing this service.

Keywords: mobile payment, systematic literature review, adoption
Differences in Serotonin Level and Sleep Quality at The Community Based on Dieting (Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian)
Authors: Lastrawan I Made Odie , Indrasari Utami Desak Ketut , Tini Kumara
Published: April 2023

Backgrounds: The food-derived serotonin precursor, Trp, is found in plant proteins that supplement the quantity and quality of night sleep assessed in older adult men and women with difficulty sleeping.
Aim: Knowing differences in serum serotonin levels and sleep quality at communities based on diet (vegetarian and non-vegetarian) at Denpasar Bali.
Methods: This observational analytic study used a cross-sectional research design with data collection from March 2022. Serotonin D levels were obtained from the subject's blood as much as 3 ml and then checked in the laboratory with serotonin markers. Sleep quality was assessed using the PSQI. Data analysis in this study using independent t-test using SPSS IBM version 23.
Results: Mean Serotonin Levels ± SD(ng/dl) in the vegetarian group was 263.74±24.45 while the non-vegetarian group was 202±80. The results of data analysis using an independent t-test showed a mean difference of 73.70 (95% CI 21.56-125.83), p=0.006. Sleep quality with PSQI results in an average± SD of 4.58 ± 2.22 in vegetarians, while in non-vegetarians with PSQI average± SD is 7.13±3.98. The results of the independent t-test analysis showed that the mean difference was 2.55 (95% CI 1.11-3.98), p = 0.001
Conclusion: There are differences in serum serotonin levels and sleep quality in the community based on diet (vegetarian and non-vegetarian), with more high serotonin levels in the vegetarian community and more good sleep quality in the vegetarian community.

Keywords: sleep quality, non-vegetarian, diet, serotonin, vegetarian
A Cost Variation Analysis of Hypolipidemic Drugs Available in the Indian Market
Authors: Rawat Ujjawal , . Ambika , Kumar Piyush
Published: April 2023

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are amongst the prime reasons of increasing morbidity as well as mortality worldwide. Dyslipidemia is an important and modifiable risk factor of CVD and statins are extremely endorsed in its treatment.
Method: Data was acquired from the online edition of “Current Index of Medical Specialties” (CIMS), 1mg, netmeds. The percentage cost variation as well as cost ratio were calculated.
Result: Percentage cost variation was recorded highest in atorvastatin 10mg (3668.50%) whereas, the least percentage cost variation was recorded for pravastatin 10mg (3.61%).
Conclusion: To reduce the burden on patients, the government should cover as many as possible drugs under the drug price control order (DPCO) and develop uniformity in the pricing of the drugs.

Keywords: Hypolipidemic drugs, cardiovascular diseases, cost variation, statins, brands
SINDROME DE BURNOUT EN MÉDICOS DE LA CAJA PETROLERA DE SALUD LA PAZ
Authors: Jaen Denisse , Méndez Sanabria Claudia
Published: April 2023

El estrés laboral, conocido como "BURN-OUT", hace referencia al desgaste emocional que provoca el compromiso interno con el trabajo que se asumió; y debido a la presión física, mental y emocional, la medicina es una de las carreras que tiene como consecuencia más estrés, por el hecho de que se trató con vidas humanas. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo, mediante el cuestionario MASLACH BURNOUT INVENTORY (MBI).

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar y demostrar el Síndrome de Burnout entre los médicos de la Caja Petrolera de Salud La Paz, su frecuencia, relación según años ejercidos y según especialidad. Los resultados encontrados indican que: de 60 médicos encuestados, 5 presentan el SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT. De este grupo, 60% ejercen su profesión entre 21-30 años, y según especialidad 2 de los 5 pertenecen a cirugía. Se concluye que el Síndrome de Burnout en los médicos de la Caja Petrolera de Salud La Paz está presente en un porcentaje mínimo (8%), no existiendo una relación clara en cuanto a los años que ejerce la profesión, ni la especialidad.
Ações e discursos dos governos de esquerda e de direita no Brasil: " O simbolismo dos cem primeiros dias".
Authors:   , Sérgio de Azevedo Barros Paulo
Published: April 2023

O presente artigo científico se dedica à análise da simbologia dos cem primeiros dias dos governos de direita e de esquerda, respectivamente. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo geral da pesquisa é estabelecer, de forma comparativa, uma correlação entre as principais decisões adotadas por estes governos no Brasil, levando em consideração o período acima mencionado. Para tanto, se valida por meio de três objetivos específicos: a) destacar as principais ações dos Governos de Esquerda e de Direita no Brasil nos cem primeiros dias; b) observar o discurso de posse de ambos; e c) identificar os impactos das medidas apresentadas ao longo do recorte temporal já mencionado. A metodologia adotada (descritivo-interpretativa e qualitativa) consiste na análise e discussão das ações dos governos de Dilma (2011 a 2014) e Bolsonaro (2019 a 2022), de tal modo que são levados em conta os discursos de posse de ambos e as principais decisões dos respectivos governos. Após a seleção deles, ficaram perceptíveis quais os momentos em que a governança de um sobressaiu em detrimento do outro. Ou seja, desde a análise do discurso até a das primeiras ações feitas por ambos os governantes, há uma predominância de valorização do governo de esquerda, no poder de Dilma Rousseff, em comparação ao governo de direita, na liderança de Bolsonaro. Tal análise, pois, levou à conclusão de que houve mais vantagens e posicionamentos positivos vinculados ao governo de esquerda; enquanto, no de direita, criou-se uma imagem pejorativa nomeada de “desgoverno” como resultado dos impactos de sua gestão atual.
O uso do marketing como estratégia eleitoral: os instrumentos utilizados pelos vereadores da cidade de Sumé – PB no pleito eleitoral de 2016.
Authors:   , Hugo Matias de Brito Victor
Published: April 2023

O marketing eleitoral atualmente é essencial para os processos eleitorais, podendo ser um fator determinante para que uma campanha eleitoral seja vitoriosa ao final do pleito. O problema central deste estudo é qual a percepção dos vereadores eleitos no pleito de 2016 no município de Sumé, na Paraíba, acerca da utilização do marketing em sua campanha eleitoral? O objetivo geral foi compreender a visão que os atuais vereadores da cidade de Sumé na Paraíba têm em relação a importância do marketing eleitoral para a vitória na sua eleição. Como objetivos específicos, têm-se: identificar qual a importância e os possíveis ganhos na utilização do marketing no período eleitoral para os candidatos; descrever as estratégias de marketing eleitoral usadas pelos vereadores de Sumé, na Paraíba, na campanha eleitoral de 2016; sugerir melhorias no marketing eleitoral dos candidatos a vereadores para resultados favoráveis em pleitos eleitorais. Metodologicamente, este trabalho apresenta características de um estudo descritivo-exploratório, aplicada, de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa. Como resultados, verificou-se que os atuais vereadores da cidade de Sumé fizeram uso de alguns instrumentos que o marketing eleitoral dispõe, mas não de todos. Conclui-se, que os vereadores entendem a importância da utilização do marketing eleitoral em disputas eleitorais, mas não fazem uso de todo seu potencial por falta de informação a respeito do tema.
As políticas públicas de educação integral no Estado da Paraíba.
Authors:   , Pires da Costa Andresa
Published: April 2023

A educação possui papel importante no desenvolvimento de uma sociedade e, dentro deste contexto, a educação integral tornou-se um tema vigente nos debates educacionais, fazendo uso de procedimentos e metodologias inovadoras. Nessa perspectiva, o governo do Estado da Paraíba criou, em 2016, o programa de educação integral, com foco no projeto de vida do estudante e em sua preparação para o mercado de trabalho. Dessa forma, a presente pesquisa buscou, como objetivo geral, avaliar se o programa de educação integral possibilitou avanços para o desenvolvimento do ensino médio em escolas estaduais da Paraíba. Através dos objetivos específicos, se obteve a análise do progresso escolar, a avaliação na taxa de abandono escolar e a aceitação das Escolas Cidadãs Integrais Técnicas do Estado da Paraíba entre o período que antecede o programa e após a sua implantação. Dessa forma, a atual pesquisa descritiva de caráter quantitativa foi realizada nas escolas estaduais que ofertam o ensino médio no Estado da Paraíba, entre o período de 2015 a 2018, e os dados para avaliação foram coletados por meio dos indicadores nacionais de educação do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira – INEP. A partir dos dados apresentados, o progresso dos alunos que obtiveram um aumento no índice de aprovação pode ser evidenciado, além da diminuição do abandono escolar e a elevação na procura por escolas cidadãs integrais técnicas.
Relações entre saneamento básico e indicadores de saúde no Nordeste.
Authors:   , Alves Batista Santos Lincoln
Published: April 2023

O objetivo geral é conhecer a atual realidade do saneamento básico no Nordeste brasileiro. Para obter uma resposta mais eficaz para o objetivo geral, traçou-se os seguintes objetivos específicos: Identificar as relações entre indicadores de saúde pública e grau de saneamento básico no Nordeste; Revelar o atual cenário do saneamento básico na região Nordeste; Identificar os estados em pior situação na relação saúde - saneamento básico na região Nordeste. A presente pesquisa apresenta uma natureza explicativa, pois a mesma se propõe a relacionar os dados coletados, e através desses dados, analisar e explicar as situações identificadas. Em relação aos tipos de abordagem, esta pesquisa apresenta um caráter quantitativo. Através dos números coletados, busca-se traduzir as informações por eles expostas, e de acordo com essas informações, compreender os resultados da pesquisa. A pesquisa em questão, adotou um procedimento Ex-Post-Facto para a coleta de dados. Após a correlação de Pearson feita entre os indicadores, obteve-se a conclusão de que quanto menos pessoas residindo em casas sem acesso a água tratada e rede de coleta de esgoto, situações que demonstram ausência de saneamento, mais os números de óbitos relacionados a doenças gastrointestinais e infecciosas aumentavam. Após as correlações entre os indicadores, obteve-se a conclusão de que quanto menos investimentos em saneamento, maiores eram os números de pessoas vivendo em casas sem acesso a água tratada e coleta de esgoto, e maiores eram os índices de óbitos por doenças gastrointestinais e infecciosas.
Capítulo 6. Con la creatividad por las nubes: Docencia y creatividad en el Cloud Class
Authors: De-Marchis Giorgio P. , De-la-Vara-López Javier
Published: April 2023

El pensamiento crítico y la creatividad son útiles para la solución de problemas. En un mundo cambiante, dichas capacidades son esenciales. Por ello, los planes educativos deben tener en cuenta el desarrollo de competencias como el pensamiento crítico y la creatividad. Uno de los cambios que se está produciendo es que la docencia se está moviendo hacia un entorno en línea (aka, online) como un espacio de encuentro cómodo, y hacia la nube (aka, cloud) como un espacio de memoria permanente. Hay que comprender cómo se pueden aprovechar las ventajas de la comunicación online y de la memoria de la nube para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la creatividad. En este capítulo revisamos las experiencias publicadas sobre docencia de creatividad online y en la nube. Se sugiere, por ejemplo, el uso de la valoración de los trabajos por parte de los compañeros o mentoría, la creación de equipos de trabajos enmarcados en situaciones cooperativas o competitivas, el uso de las analogías, o del modelo creativo de solución de problemas.

Palabras clave: creatividad, docencia, en línea, online, nube, cloud class, colaboración
К вопросу о соотношении понятий права и морали
Authors: Шавеко Николай Александрович
Published: April 2023

Автор утверждает, что право и мораль можно сравнивать или как идеалы (причем идеал тройственен: необходимо различать мораль, этику и удовольствие/счастье, и к каждому из этих идеалов имеют отношение как право, так и мораль), или как позитивные установления, или как фактическую реализацию этих установлений. Соответственно, сравнивая право и мораль, следует исходить из одного и того же типа понимания. И правовой, и моральный идеалы регулируют как внешнее поведение людей, так и их внутренние мотивы. Более того, и право и мораль способы не только непосредственно регулировать социальные отношения, но и выступать в качестве набора установок, касающихся представлений о хорошей жизни («концепция блага»), а также с помощью своего инструментария содействовать увеличению совокупного общественного благосостояния. Определяющие отличия позитивного права от позитивной морали состоят в следующем. Если право (1) исходит от государства и (2) обеспечивается принуждением (или его угрозой) со стороны государственного механизма, причем (3) через специальные формальные процедуры правотворчества и правореализации, то мораль (1) исходит от всего общества, (2) обеспечивается санкциями со стороны любого из членов этого общества, причем (3) какие-либо формальные процедуры создания, изменения, отмены и применения моральных норм отсутствуют. Наконец, право и мораль можно рассматривать с социологических позиций. Один из вариантов соответствующего понимания морали состоит в том, что она определяется как фактические устоявшиеся модели поведения людей в ситуациях, относительно которых имеется общепризнанная социальная норма должного. В таком случае право остается определить как фактически и устойчиво принимаемые решения представителей публичной власти (правоприменителей) в ситуациях, урегулированных издаваемыми этой же публичной властью (правотворцами) нормативными актами.
Процессы отчуждения человека в социогенезе
Authors: Даренская Вера Николаевна
Published: April 2023

Одним из общих «механизмов» социогенеза, которые являются универсальными и действуют на всем протяжении исторического процесса, являются процессы отчуждения человека и его преодоление. Автором предложено рассмотрение отчуждения в контексте субъектно-субъектных отношений и касательно конечного и бесконечного (феноменального и трансцендентного) уровней бытия. В качестве одной из ключевых категорий, определяющих диалектику отчуждения и его имманентного снятия в историческом процессе, полагается смысл жизни как целостное образование индивидуального и массового сознания, который возвращает целостность бытия человека, преодолевая его частичные отчужденные формы. В исследовании показано, что в кризисные эпохи нужна особая культура отчуждения, позволяющая не только бороться до конца, но и учиться компромиссу, овладевать искусством сосуществования с теми видами отчуждения, которые могут дать положительный эффект, а также с теми, преодолеть которые не под силу обществу на данном этапе его развития.
Культурно-исторические практики экстремизма
Authors: Малахов Александр Геннадьевич , Римский Алексей Викторович
Published: April 2023

В настоящее время экстремизм является одной из ключевых проблем человечества как в мировом, так и в национальном масштабе. Изучение экстремизма с культурно-исторической точки зрения является важным фактором по разработке мер противодействия данным практикам антисистемной культурной и политико-правовой деятельности. Однако возникновение и феноменология экстремизма в истории культуры и культурных практиках остаются вне поля интересов исследователей. В связи с этим авторы предлагают к рассмотрению культурно-исторические практики экстремизма, что также предполагает использование диалектической и системной методологии. В результате исследования сделан вывод о том, что сегодня в Российской Федерации формируется эффективная система активного взаимодействия разных ветвей власти для борьбы с новыми формами экстремизма, обеспечения общественной безопасности и реализации прав и свобод российских граждан.
Материалы к фауне жесткокрылых (Insecta: Coleoptera) нидоценозов птиц. Дополнение
Authors: Сажнев Алексей Сергеевич , Матюхин Александр Владимирович
Published: April 2023

В разнотипных нидоценозах 11 видов птиц отмечено 25 видов жесткокрылых (еще 6 определены до рода) из 14 семейств. На основе пространственного и временного критерия нидоценозы разделены на группы. Среди жуков выделены виды, относящиеся к следующим экологическим группировкам: облигатные нидиколы – ботробионты (Gnathoncus buyssoni и Dendrophilus xavieri), факультативные нидиколы – ботрофилы и случайные в гнездах виды – ботроксены. Зарегистрированы новые случаи непреднамеренной форезии имаго жесткокрылых на птицах (Anthrenus sp. на Sturnus roseus, Reesa vespulae на Columba livia, Stegobium paniceum на Luscinia svecica и Litargus connexus на Fringilla coelebs). Среди инвайдеров в сборах отмечены вредитель запасов Stegobium paniceum и североамериканский кожеед Reesa vespulae. Находка второго вида на птице еще раз подтверждает возможную значимость форезии в расселении инвайдеров, а также вероятную роль гнезд в натурализации инвазионных видов.
 
БлагодарностиРабота А.С. Сажнева проведена в рамках выполнения государственного задания №121051100109-1.
從技職找出路，適性教育的實踐之路
Authors: 鄭慶民 鄭慶民
Published: April 2023

歷經了三年多的疫情摧殘，全球產業普遍陷入競爭激烈及人才荒等困境，如何從困境中找到一線生機？學校及企業又該如何因應疫後的難關？本期邀請到多年在國際技能競賽擔任「板金技術」職類裁判、裁判長，人稱「金牌裁判長」的鄭慶民教授提供解答。鄭教授呼籲別讓技職體系普通化，應讓技職學生學到好的技能、工程技術，可以和普通大學學生的學術理論相輔相成，畢業後學以致用，為國家創造競爭力。技職要走出自己的路，釐清、堅守技職的教育目標，實踐適性教育的最大價值！
科技領航、贏得未來：元宇宙教育的技職人才培育
Authors: 羅希哲 羅希哲 , 盧家湄 盧家湄
Published: April 2023

廣義而言，元宇宙是指跨越時空的整合數位生態系統；狹義而言，則是連結與整合3D 虛擬環境與真實世界的虛擬系統。簡而言之，元宇宙是連接「現實世界」與「虛擬世界」，具有高度的自由，現實世界的「自己」可以與虛擬世界的「分身」（Avatar）相通，並主導虛擬空間的一切活動，因此有別於虛擬實境（VR）、混合實境（MR）、擴增實境（AR）和擴展實境（XR）等構成的3D 虛擬環境。臺灣數位教育將進入「元宇宙教育」。教育部國民及學前教育署自2017 年起，透過前瞻基礎建設計畫補助全國設置「新興科技區域推廣中心」。在高中職及高等教育方面，導入元宇宙學習，亦日益受到重視，元宇宙教育已成為臺灣技職教育未來重要的教育方向，然而，目前臺灣元宇宙教育尚屬啟蒙階段，基礎技術設施、體感設備、真實課堂到元宇宙學習的延續等問題仍充滿各種挑戰。
108課綱厚植技高競爭力
Authors: 林清南 林清南
Published: April 2023

教育部揭示108 課綱旨在提供學生多元探索和跨域學習的機會，並期能透過核心素養來增進知識活用與實踐的能力。准此，在108 新課綱的實施中，技術型高中也符應培養多元和跨域的統整能力，並強調核心素養的課程與教學。是以，本文主要從同科跨／單班、同群跨科和同校跨群等不同的開課方式，來說明技術型高中專業群科如何提升學生多元和跨域的能力；並從提升專題實作學習成效的教學指引，來闡明技術型高中如何符應核心素養的課程與教學；從而理解技術型高中在108 課綱的實施過程中，經由深化校訂多元跨域課程，來培育跨域統整能力；並強化專題實作學習成效，來落實核心素養課程和教學，以厚植技術型高中的競爭力。
2030新北市X新未來X新技職
Authors: 江彥廷 江彥廷
Published: April 2023

《波恩宣言》提出教育是實施有效發展戰略的關鍵因素，職業教育與訓練就是減輕貧困、促進和平、保護環境、提高所有人生活品質及實現可持續發展的重要原則。由此可見，為永續國家社會進步及經濟發展，技職教育對於未來人才培養扮演關鍵的角色。新北市技職教育提供滿足學生探索自我、實現人生價值的基本需求，更要培育具備揆情度理、自主跨域的統整能力，不僅能覺察問題、釐清問題及解決問題，並能有效運用現代科技創發創新；其次，培養學生具備人文關懷及美感素養，並能貫穿個體與環境，落實職業倫理及承擔社會責任，成為永續環境經營的綠領人才。此外，更進一步引導學生參與國際交流，投入各種跨國專業及技能學習和分享活動，提升國際競爭力，最終成為具國際移動力之「世界人才」。新北市期許用技職力，為臺灣未來產業、經濟及國家發展創造無限可能的永續力。
芬蘭職業教育與訓練之制度介紹及對臺灣技職教育的啟示
Authors: 張仁家 張仁家 , 郭晴龍 郭晴龍
Published: April 2023

芬蘭教育制度素來享負盛名，據經濟合作暨發展組織國際學生評量方案在2018 年的調查結果，芬蘭學生在閱讀素養、數學及科學均居於領先地位，其人才培育管道除了一般高中及大學教育體系外，技職院校所提供之職業教育與訓練，能讓學生和成人終身學習未來繼續深造所需的知識和技能，並促進就業與社會發展。本文以芬蘭職業教育與訓練之制度為範圍予以探討，延伸對臺灣現行技職教育發展之啟示。芬蘭職業培訓資歷證書的發展，與企業界及其他相關領域的共同合作是密不可分的，主要是為了確保資歷證書能夠靈活有效地支持學生進入勞動力市場。除了工作需求外，資歷證書的發展還考慮到終身學習技能以及個人需求與機會，可根據自身情況靈活地獲得資歷證書。時至今日，由於教育的開放多元、國際間教育合作的交流日益普遍，而高等教育、技術及職業教育或者終身教育之間的界線也愈來愈模糊，落實國家資歷架構，並透過相關的認證程序與策略，逐步建成國家終身學習成就認證制度，方能開拓教育訓練人才本土化與國際化的新契機。
菜鳥不侰，輕易勝任國小新手教師第一年（一）以終為始：串聯教師甄試與教師職能
Authors: 陳清義 陳清義 , 洪慧瑄 洪慧瑄
Published: April 2023

通過汽車駕照考試的筆試、場內路考及道路考驗，不表示就敢開車上路。同樣地，通過教師甄試的筆試、教學演示和口試，不代表就能輕易勝任教師的工作。1980 年起，新自由主義興起，對政府教育制度及政策產生衝擊，也改變了親師生間的相處模式，各國開始強調教育績效責任，教師的教學品質與效能受到更多關注；公立學校受民營企業經營模式影響，教師必須對學生的學業成績、在校生活等負責。現在的教師，必須正視及接受教育市場化的概念。因此，教師對學生的教學與管教方式，都需要建立在與家長良性溝通及信任合作的基礎上，教師在營造教學特色、達成學校價值方面，也扮演更重要的角色。期待新手教師透過本文種種理念的闡述，儲備現代教師的素養，並透過後續系列文章厚植教師職能，以踏穩教學生涯的每一步、樂在教學！
給學生的閱讀起手式
Authors: 曾培祐 曾培祐
Published: April 2023

從國家圖書館發布的《110 年學校閱讀風貌與閱讀力分析報告》發現，升上國中以後，借閱冊數相對國小生大幅下降，主因是升學壓力的影響，而國立臺灣師範大學圖書資訊學研究所教授陳昭珍表示：「很多國中生數學、生物科成績不理想，其實不是缺乏學科知識，而是閱讀能力差，看不懂或沒耐心閱讀試題 」。因為升學壓力，導致在圖書館借閱冊數下降，連帶影響閱讀能力的下降，長此以往，就會造成對閱讀書籍不感興趣，或者沒有耐心看完一本好書的情況產生。因此，筆者開始非常慎重地思考：「該如何讓學生願意專注在閱讀上呢？」，如果不是漫畫、小說類的書籍，則內容上一定有學生不熟悉的觀念、不熟悉的專有名詞，再加上篇幅少則200 頁、多則500 頁，這些都是讓學生對閱讀興趣缺缺的原因。
不一樣的勇氣
Authors: 李志軒 李志軒
Published: April 2023

教育可以不用那麼嚴肅，換個角度或許就可以看到不一樣的風景。這攸關每個人處世的思維，以及看待困境的態度，當然也和成長的環境以及學習經驗息息相關。於是，身為一位校長，在教育界擁有較高的能見度，在社群媒體上有更大的影響力，可以提供一些創意的想法與見解，攪動教育界固著保守的思維。特別是這幾年在偏鄉小校推動轉型及領導力提升的過程中，筆者試著打破現有的框架，朝著美好的想像前進，這一路來，與夥伴們共同成就了許多不可能的任務。
Le prove coagulative nel bambino che sanguina (prima parte)
Authors: Del Monte Francesco , Romano Francesca , Parodi Emilia , Ramenghi Ugo
Published: April 2023

This brief report presents a practical approach to the diagnosis of the main coagulopathies in children with haemorrhagic manifestations. It discusses the clinical-anamnestic elements that should suggest further laboratory investigations. Then, after a brief review of coagulation physiology and main coagulation tests, three clinical scenarios based on PT and aPTT results are described. In particular, the paper focuses on the two most common congenital coagulopathies: haemophilia and von Willebrand disease. Recently, a new drug, emicizumab, has been introduced in the prophylaxis of severe haemophilia A, with great benefits on patients’ quality of life.
A Lyapunov functional for vaccination model on the dynamics of cholera epidemic with non-linear incidence of infection
Authors: Lawal Jibril  , Ibrahim Maihaja
Published: April 2023

A new deterministic susceptible-exposed-infectious-vaccinated-removed-pathogen (SEIVRB) cholera epidemic model with combined mass action incidence and saturated incidence rates is proposed and analyzed. A threshold level of vaccine coverage necessary for controlling or eradicating cholera has been determined and analyzed using the next generation matrix approach. It is shown that the higher values of vaccine coverage that are lower than the threshold value signiﬁcantly reduces the number of infected individuals whenever basic reproduction number is less than unity, and the cholera would persist in the populations whenever the model basic reproduction number exceeds unity. The global stability for cholera free equilibrium state and cholera endemic equilibrium state of the model system is investigated using Lyapunov functional approach and Lasalle invariance principle, which are found to be globally asymptotically stable at both equilibrium states. Numerical simulations and graphical illustrations is presented to support the analytical results found in the study.
Rezension von: Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe (Hrsg.), Maler und Werkstätten 1450-1525 ...
Authors: Wrobbel Sibylle
Published: April 2023

Maler und Werkstätten 1450-1525. Herausgegeben von der Staatlichen Kunsthalle Karlsruhe. 440 Seiten mit etwa 500 Abbildungen. ISBN 3-7995-0200-9 Alltag, Handwerk und Handel 1350-1525. Katalogband. 440 Seiten mit etwa 700 Abbildungen. ISBN 3-7995-0201-7Sönke Lorenz und Thomas Zotz (Hrsg.): Alltag, Handwerk und Handel 1350-1525. Aufsatzband. 600 Seiten mit 140 Abbildungen. ISBN 3-7995-0202-5 Jeder Band: Jan Thorbecke Verlag Stuttgart 2001. Gebunden DM 68,- (ab 31.3.2002 EUR 39,80)