bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do digital natives use mobile payment differently than digital immigrants? A comparative study between generation X and Z
Authors: Agárdi Irma , Alt Mónika Anetta
Published: April 2022

Consumers use increasingly Near Field Communication mobile payment to buy products and services. However, the adoption of NFC mobile payment varies by individual attributes of consumers. This paper aims to study the generational differences in mobile payment acceptance based on the theory of generational cohorts and technology acceptance. Therefore, a research concept and hypotheses were developed. The research methodology included an online survey among Generation Z (digital natives) and X (digital immigrants). A sample of 580 respondents had been analyzed with multi-group Structural Equation Modeling. The comparative analysis revealed that digital immigrants were more influenced by the perceived ease of use, subjective norms, and financial risk of NFC mobile payment. In turn, digital natives intended to use NFC mobile payment to a greater extent if they perceived mobile payment as compatible with their lifestyle. Our research contributes to the understanding of generational patterns of mobile payment acceptance.
Husserl’s Theory of Scientific Explanation: A Bolzanian Inspired Unificationist Account
Authors: Williams Heath , Byrne Thomas
Published: April 2022

Husserl’s early picture of explanation in the sciences has never been completely provided. This lack represents an oversight, which we here redress. In contrast to currently accepted interpretations, we demonstrate that Husserl does not adhere to the much maligned deductive-nomological (DN) model of scientific explanation. Instead, via a close reading of early Husserlian texts, we reveal that he presents a unificationist account of scientific explanation. By doing so, we disclose that Husserl’s philosophy of scientific explanation is no mere anachronism. It is, instead, tenable and relevant. We discuss how Husserl and other contemporary thinkers draw theoretical inspiration from the same source—namely, Bernard Bolzano. Husserl’s theory of scientific explanation shares a common language and discusses the same themes as, for example, Phillip Kitcher and Kit Fine. To advance our novel reading, we discuss Husserl’s investigations of grounding, inter-lawful explanation, intra-mathematical explanation, and scientific unification.
A review of inverse methods in seismic site characterization
Authors: Gosselin Jeremy M. , Dosso Stan E. , Askan Aysegul , Wathelet Marc , Savvaidis Alexandros , Cassidy John F.
Published: April 2022

Seismic site characterization attempts to quantify seismic wave behavior at a specific location based on near-surface geophysical properties, for the purpose of mitigating damage caused by earthquakes. In recent years, techniques for estimating near-surface properties for site characterization using geophysical observations recorded at the surface have become an increasingly popular alternative to invasive methods. These observations include surface-wave phenomenology such as dispersion (velocity-frequency relationship) as well as, more recently, full seismic waveforms. Models of near-surface geophysical properties are estimated from these data via inversion, such that they reproduce the observed seismic observations. A wide range of inverse problems have been considered in site characterization, applying a variety of mathematical techniques for estimating the inverse solution. These problems vary with respect to seismic data type, algorithmic complexity, computational expense, physical dimension, and the ability to quantitatively estimate the uncertainty in the inverse solution. This paper presents a review of the common inversion strategies applied in seismic site characterization studies, with a focus on associated advantages/disadvantages as well as recent advancements.
The effect of silicon on the kinetics of rice root iron plaque formation
Authors: Limmer Matt A. , Thomas John , Seyfferth Angelia L.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Aquatic plants, including rice, develop iron (Fe) plaques on their roots due to radial oxygen loss (ROL), and these plaques accumulate both beneficial and toxic elements. Silicon is an important nutrient for rice and both accumulates in Fe plaque and can affect ROL. How these plaques form over time and how Si affects this process remains unclear.

Methods

Rice was grown in a pot study with 4 levels of added Si. Root Fe plaque formation was monitored weekly using vinyl films placed between the pot and soil. Plants were grown to maturity and then ratooned to also examine the formation of Fe plaque during the ratoon crop.

Results

Iron plaque formation increased exponentially during the vegetative phase, peaked at the booting phase, then decreased exponentially – a pattern that repeated in the ratoon crop. While the highest Si treatment led to an earlier onset of Fe plaque formation, increasing Si decreased the amount of Fe plaque at harvest, resulting in a minimal net effect.

Conclusions

The kinetics of Fe plaque formation are dependent on rice growth stage, which may affect whether the Fe plaque is a source or sink of elements such as phosphorous and arsenic.
Molecular and morphological diversity in the /Rhombisporum clade of the genus Entoloma with a note on E. cocles
Authors: Noordeloos Machiel Evert , Jansen Gerrit Maarten , Jordal John Bjarne , Morozova Olga , Weholt Øyvind , Brandrud Tor Erik , Vila Jordi , Karich Alexander , Reschke Kai , Lorås Jostein , Krisai-Greilhuber Irmgard , Dima Bálint
Published: April 2022

A combined morphological and molecular genetic study of the European species within the /Rhombisporum clade of the genusEntolomareveals a high species diversity. This group comprises typical grassland species with pronounced and well-differentiated cheilocystidia, and a wide range of spore shapes varying from rhomboid to five-angled. To fix the concept of the classical speciesE. rhombisporum, a neotype is designated. Nine species are described as new to science based on the result of nrDNA ITS phylogeny with additional gap coding, and morphological characterization:E. caulocystidiatum,E. lunare,E. pararhombisporum,E. pentagonale,E. perrhombisporum,E. rhombiibericum,E. rhombisporoides,E. sororpratulense, andE. subcuboideum. The ITS sequences of the holotypes of previously described species belonging to the /Rhombisporum clade, viz.,E. laurisilvaeandE. pratulensehave also been generated and are published here for the first time. Since many of the above-mentioned species have been misidentified asE. cocles, it seemed opportune to also study this species and to designate a neotype to fix its current concept. A key including European species is presented. As most of the species are potentially important indicators for threatened grassland communities, the 130 ITS barcodes newly generated for this study may be useful as a reference in conservation and metabarcoding projects.
Der (Un)Sinn von Purpose: Theoriebasierte Ansätze zur Gestaltung von sinnhaftem Handeln in Unternehmen
Authors: Krügl Stefanie
Published: April 2022

Dieser Beitrag der Zeitschrift „Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation.“ beschäftigt sich mit der Frage nach dem (Un‑)Sinn von Purpose. Drei Dinge fehlen den aktuellen Ansätzen zur Gestaltung kollektiver Sinnhaftigkeit und Ausrichtung von Arbeit auf den Unternehmenszweck – gemeinhin bekannt als „Purpose“: Orientierung (was mit Purpose gemeint ist), Klarheit (wie Purpose zu gestalten ist) und Evidenz (warum Purpose gestaltet werden sollte) – kurz: das What, How und Why von Purpose. Der vorliegende Beitrag schließt anhand der Betrachtung des aktuellen Literaturstands diese drei Lücken. Purpose wird theoriebasiert definiert (What). Es werden drei Ebenen skizziert, auf denen Purpose adressiert werden sollte: Individuum, Team und Organisation. Dazu werden wissenschaftlich untersuchte Stellschrauben erläutert und Hinweise gegeben, wie Unternehmen Arbeit sinnhaft gestalten sollten (How). Da sich die bisherige Diskussion zum „Sinn des Purpose“ kaum äußert, werden die Gründe beleuchtet, die dafürsprechen, sich als Unternehmen und Führungskraft mit diesem – in sinnvoller Weise – zu beschäftigen (Why).
„Homeoffice in Corona-Zeiten – Sind Ausmaß und/oder Flexibilität wichtig für Arbeitszufriedenheit, soziale Unterstützung, Commitment und Arbeitsunterbrechungen?“
Authors: Becker Cathrin , Thörel Eberhard , Pauls Nina , Göritz Anja S.
Published: April 2022

Die Diskussion über Vor- und Nachteile von Homeoffice hat durch die Corona-Pandemie neue Impulse bekommen: Auch Behörden haben ihren Mitarbeitenden die Möglichkeit eingeräumt, ins Homeoffice zu wechseln. Viele Studien zum Thema Homeoffice wurden mit Personen durchgeführt, die schon seit Jahren aus dem Homeoffice arbeiten. Es ist jedoch unklar, welche Konsequenzen ein plötzlicher Wechsel ins Homeoffice haben könnte. In diesem Beitrag wurde in einer Landesbehörde untersucht, inwieweit das Ausmaß an Homeoffice und die Möglichkeit seiner flexiblen Nutzung mit arbeitsbezogenen Variablen wie Zufriedenheit mit der Arbeit, soziale Unterstützung, affektives Commitment und Arbeitsunterbrechungen zusammenhängen. An der Onlinebefragung nahmen 477 Beschäftigte teil. Unsere Analysen zeigen, dass mehr Homeoffice mit weniger Arbeitsunterbrechungen einhergeht. Wir fanden keine signifikanten Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Ausmaß an Homeoffice und Arbeitszufriedenheit, affektivem Commitment oder sozialer Unterstützung. Es gab jedoch positive Zusammenhänge zwischen der Flexibilität des Arbeitsortes mit allen Ergebnisgrößen mit Ausnahme von Arbeitsunterbrechungen. Die Befunde liefern Evidenz für die Bedeutsamkeit der flexiblen Nutzung von Homeoffice und damit der wahrgenommenen Möglichkeit, selbst darüber zu entscheiden, ob im Homeoffice gearbeitet wird. Dies impliziert, dass Organisationen – Behörden inbegriffen – eine mitarbeiterorientierte Flexibilität brauchen, d. h. den Beschäftigten einen möglichst großen Handlungsspielraum bei der individuellen Ausgestaltung flexibler Arbeitsmöglichkeiten geben sollten.
Boosting the Anticancer Activity of Aspergillus flavus “endophyte of Jojoba” Taxol via Conjugation with Gold Nanoparticles Mediated by γ-Irradiation
Authors: Abdel-Fatah Sobhy S. , El-Sherbiny Gamal M. , khalaf Mahmoud , Baz Ashraf F. El , El-Sayed Ashraf S. A. , El-Batal Ahmed I.
Published: April 2022

Taxol production by fungi is one of the promising alternative approaches, regarding to the natural and semisynthetic sources; however, the lower yield and rapid loss of Taxol productivity by fungi are the major challenges that halt their further industrial implementation. Thus, searching for fungal isolates with affordable Taxol-production stability, in addition to enhance its anticancer activity via conjugation with gold nanoparticles, is the main objectives of this study. Twenty-four endophytic fungal isolates were recovered from the barks, twigs, and leaves of jojoba plant, among these fungi,Aspergillus flavusMW485934.1 was the most potent Taxol producer (88.6 µg/l). The chemical identity of the extracted Taxol ofA. flavuswas verified by the TLC, HPLC, HNMR, and FTIR analyses. The yield of Taxol produced byA. flavuswas optimized by the response surface methodology (RSM) using Plackett–Burman (PBD) and faced central composite designs (FCCD). The yield of Taxol byA. flavuswas increased by about 3.2 folds comparing to the control cultures (from 96.5 into 302.7 µg/l). The highest Taxol yield by was obtained growingA. flavuson a modified malt extract medium (g/l) (malt extract 20.0, peptone 2.0, sucrose 20.0, soytone 2.0, cysteine 0.5, glutamine 0.5, and beef extract 1.0 adjusted to pH 6.0) and incubated at 30 °C for 16 days. From the FCCD design, the significant variables affecting Taxol production byA. flavuswere cysteine, pH, and incubation time. UponA. flavusγ-irradiation at 1.0 kGy, the Taxol yield was increased by about 1.25 fold (375.9 µg/l). To boost its anticancer activity, the purified Taxol was conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) mediated by γ-rays irradiation (0.5 kGy), and the physicochemical properties of Taxol-AuNPs composite were evaluated by UV–Vis, DLS, XRD, and TEM analyses. The IC50values of the native-Taxol and Taxol-AuNPs conjugates towards HEPG-2 cells were 4.06 and 2.1 µg/ml, while the IC50values against MCF-7 were 6.07 and 3.3 µg/ml, respectively. Thus, the anticancer activity of Taxol-AuNPs composite was increased by 2 folds comparing to the native Taxol towards HEPG-2 and MCF-7 cell lines. Also, the antimicrobial activity of Taxol against the multidrug resistant bacteria was dramatically increased upon conjugation with AuNPs comparing to authentic AuNPs and Taxol, ensuring the higher solubility, targetability, and efficiency of Taxol upon AuNPs conjugation.
Stochastic solutions of generalized time-fractional evolution equations
Authors: Bender Christian , Butko Yana A.
Published: April 2022

We consider a general class of integro-differential evolution equations which includes the governing equation of the generalized grey Brownian motion and the time- and space-fractional heat equation. We present a general relation between the parameters of the equation and the distribution of the underlying stochastic processes, as well as discuss different classes of processes providing stochastic solutions of these equations. For a subclass of evolution equations, containing Marichev-Saigo-Maeda time-fractional operators, we determine the parameters of the corresponding processes explicitly. Moreover, we explain how self-similar stochastic solutions with stationary increments can be obtained via linear fractional Lévy motion for suitable pseudo-differential operators in space.
Numerical micro-texture optimization for lubricated contacts—A critical discussion
Authors: Marian Max , Almqvist Andreas , Rosenkranz Andreas , Fillon Michel
Published: April 2022

Despite numerous experimental and theoretical studies reported in the literature, surface micro-texturing to control friction and wear in lubricated tribo-contacts is still in the trial-and-error phase. The tribological behaviour and advantageous micro-texture geometries and arrangements largely depend on the contact type and the operating conditions. Industrial scale implementation is hampered by the complexity of numerical approaches. This substantiates the urgent need to numerically design and optimize micro-textures for specific conditions. Since these aspects have not been covered by other review articles yet, we aim at summarizing the existing state-of-the art regarding optimization strategies for micro-textures applied in hydrodynamically and elastohydrodynamically lubricated contacts. Our analysis demonstrates the great potential of optimization strategies to further tailor micro-textures with the overall aim to reduce friction and wear, thus contributing toward an improved energy efficiency and sustainability.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Burnout, Psychological Well-being, and Work Satisfaction in Psychiatry Trainees in Ireland
Authors: Mcloughlin Caoimhe , Abdalla Ahad , O’Callaghan Aoife K. , Casey Sarah , Barrett Elizabeth
Published: April 2022

Objective

Prior to the pandemic, trainee doctors were at higher risk of psychological ill health. There is limited evidence measuring the impact of COVID-19 on psychiatry trainees. This study evaluates levels of burnout, work satisfaction, and psychological well-being in psychiatry junior doctors in Ireland and identifies potential contributing factors.

Methods

The authors carried out a cross-sectional online survey measuring demographic and work-related variables. Questions including exposure to COVID-19 and stress-related factors were included. We evaluated burnout, work satisfaction, and psychological well-being using the Abbreviated-Maslach Burnout Inventory, Basic Needs Satisfaction at Work Scale, and WHO-5 Well-being Index.

Results

One hundred and five doctors responded (21%). The biggest stressor reported was reduced face-to-face contact with family and friends (73%). Forty one percent reported weekly supervision changes. Sixty five percent met the criteria for burnout, compared with 36.2% in 2018. Significant factors associated with burnout included staff shortages, longer hours, and less experience. Changes in supervision and working in non-European Working Time Directive compliant rotas were associated with lower scores across all subdomains of the BNSW Scale. The WHO-5 Well-being Index identified 48% scored low in personal well-being, indicating these trainees met the threshold for depression. Changes in regular supervision (p=0.010) were a significant predictor of low personal well-being.

Conclusions

High prevalence of burnout and low levels of well-being in this vulnerable cohort, particularly those who are inexperienced, have changes in supervision, and working longer hours is concerning. This study highlights the importance of regular supervision and support for this group.
Computer-assisted evaluation enhances the quantification of interstitial fibrosis in renal implantation biopsies, measures differences between frozen and paraffin sections, and predicts delayed graft function
Authors: Pavlovic Mladen , Oszwald Andre , Kikić Željko , Nackenhorst Maja Carina , Kain Renate , Kozakowski Nicolas
Published: April 2022

Background

(Pre-)Implantation biopsies provide important data on the quality of donor kidneys. Interstitial fibrosis, as a known predictor for kidney disease progression, is an essential feature of this evaluation. However, the assessment of frozen sections of implantation biopsies is challenging and can result in the disposal of candidate organs. We sought to apply digital image analysis (DIA) to quantify the differences between frozen and paraffin sections when evaluating interstitial fibrosis, identify factors that influence these variations and test the predictive value of the computerised measures.

Methods

We quantified the differences between frozen and paraffin sections in the same biopsy samples by measuring Sirius red-stained interstitial areas (SRIA) in DIA. We compared them to the original reports, and retrospectively correlated our findings to clinical data, graft function and outcome in 73 patients.

Results

Frozen sections display a broader interstitial area than paraffin sections, in some cases up to one-third more (mean difference + 7.8%, range − 7 to 29%). No donor-related factors (age or gender, cold ischemia time, or non-heart-beating donor) influenced significantly this difference. Compared to the original assessment of frozen vs paraffin sections in optical microscopy, the DIA of interstitial fibrosis shows a higher consistency (ICC 0.69). Our approach further allows to distinguish SRIA in paraffin sections as an independent predictor for delayed graft function (OR = 1.1; p = 0.028).

Conclusions

DIA is superior to and more consistent than routine optic microscopy for interstitial fibrosis evaluation. This method could improve implantation biopsy diagnostics and help to reduce disposal of organs.

Graphical abstract
Artificial intelligence applications for pre-implantation kidney biopsy pathology practice: a systematic review
Authors: Girolami Ilaria , Pantanowitz Liron , Marletta Stefano , Hermsen Meyke , van der Laak Jeroen , Munari Enrico , Furian Lucrezia , Vistoli Fabio , Zaza Gianluigi , Cardillo Massimo , Gesualdo Loreto , Gambaro Giovanni , Eccher Albino
Published: April 2022

Background

Transplant nephropathology is a highly specialized field of pathology comprising both the evaluation of organ donor biopsy for organ allocation and post-transplant graft biopsy for assessment of rejection or graft damage. The introduction of digital pathology with whole-slide imaging (WSI) in clinical research, trials and practice has catalyzed the application of artificial intelligence (AI) for histopathology, with development of novel machine-learning models for tissue interrogation and discovery. We aimed to review the literature for studies specifically applying AI algorithms to WSI-digitized pre-implantation kidney biopsy.

Methods

A systematic search was carried out in the electronic databases PubMed-MEDLINE and Embase until 25th September, 2021 with a combination of the key terms “kidney”, “biopsy”, “transplantation” and “artificial intelligence” and their aliases. Studies dealing with the application of AI algorithms coupled with WSI in pre-implantation kidney biopsies were included. The main theme addressed was detection and quantification of tissue components. Extracted data were: author, year and country of the study, type of biopsy features investigated, number of cases, type of algorithm deployed, main results of the study in terms of diagnostic outcome, and the main limitations of the study.

Results

Of 5761 retrieved articles, 7 met our inclusion criteria. All studies focused largely on AI-based detection and classification of glomerular structures and to a lesser extent on tubular and vascular structures. Performance of AI algorithms was excellent and promising.

Conclusion

All studies highlighted the importance of expert pathologist annotation to reliably train models and the need to acknowledge clinical nuances of the pre-implantation setting. Close cooperation between computer scientists and practicing as well as expert renal pathologists is needed, helping to refine the performance of AI-based models for routine pre-implantation kidney biopsy clinical practice.
“Involve Me and I Learn”: Active Learning in a Hybrid Medical Biochemistry First Year Course on an American-Style MD Program in the UAE
Authors: O’Sullivan Siobhán , Campos Luciana Aparecida , Baltatu Ovidiu Constantin
Published: April 2022

Perceived as a subject with abstract jargon, requiring extensive memorization of complex metabolic pathways, chemical structures, and names, students lose sight of the significance of biochemistry on their MD journey (Afshar M, Han Z. Teaching and learning medical biochemistry: Perspectives from a student and an educator. Med Sci Educ. 2014;24:339–41.). A disconnect between what is taught in the classroom and its application to clinical settings arises through over emphasis on the need to pass board exams, documented to be a poor measure of core competencies. Employing active learning strategies with meaningful activities with clinical applications, centered around the curriculum, cognitively engages students and is a deviation from the didactic way in which biochemistry is traditionally taught.
Surface Passivation and Energetic Modification Suppress Nonradiative Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Dong Wei , Qiao Wencheng , Xiong Shaobing , Yang Jianming , Wang Xuelu , Ding Liming , Yao Yefeng , Bao Qinye
Published: April 2022

Surface passivation via post-treatment is an important strategy for improving power conversion efficiency and operational stability of perovskite solar cells. However, so far the interaction mechanisms between passivating additive and perovskite are not well understood. Here, we report the atomic-scale interaction of surface passivating additive 2,2-difluoroethylammonium bromine (2FEABr) on the MAPbI3. It is found that the bulky 2FEA+ cations tend to distribute at film surface, while the Br− anions diffuse from surface into bulk. A combination of 19F, 207Pb, and 2H solid-state NMR further reveal the Br− anions’ partial substitution for the I− sites, the restricted motion of partial MA+ cations, and the firmed perovskite lattices, which would improve charge transport and stability of the perovskite films. Optical spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrate that the 2FEABr induced surface passivation and energetic modification suppress the nonradiative recombination loss. These findings enable the efficiency of the p-i-n structured PSC significantly increasing from 19.44 to 21.06%, accompanied by excellent stability. Our work further establishes more knowledge link between passivating additive and PSC performance.
Recovery of Some Rare-Earth Elements by Sorption Technique onto Graphene Oxide
Authors: El-Shazly Ehab A. A. , Moussa Saber I. , Dakroury Gehan A.
Published: April 2022

In this work, graphene oxide (GO), prepared using the Hummers method, is physically characterized and used for rare-earth metals recovery from monazite ores. Batch study for sorption of 152+154Eu radionuclide onto GO carried out to assess the optimum reaction parameters for recovery process. The optimum pH is 2.09, the equilibrium time achieved after 5 h, humic acid enhances the sorption efficiency but if its concentration increases it opposes the sorption process. The kinetic reaction mechanism is regulated by pseudo-2nd order and the sorption isotherms show Langmuir applicability. The maximum sorption capacity for 152+154Eu at 20 °C is 59.81 mg g−1. Desorption studies were performed to determine a proper eluent with a suitable concentration for the recovery process and 0.1 M HCl was selected as an efficient eluent. The sorption process is favorable and endothermic. Finally, GO is used as a sorbent for rare-earth elements accumulated in monazite ore. The sorption efficiency of REE is 69.03% with initial concentration 1149.57 mg L−1 at monazite leachate and the recovery percentage is 20.32%. These results promised the use of GO for REE recovery from monazite ore.

Graphical Abstract
Capability to detect and localize typical defects of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process: an experimental investigation with different non-destructive techniques
Authors: D’Accardi Ester , Krankenhagen Rainer , Ulbricht Alexander , Pelkner Matthias , Pohl Rainer , Palumbo Davide , Galietti Umberto
Published: April 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, generally called 3D printing, are widely used because their use provides a high added value in manufacturing complex-shaped components and objects. Defects may occur within the components at different time of manufacturing, and in this regard, non-destructive techniques (NDT) represent a key tool for the quality control of AM components in many industrial fields, such as aerospace, oil and gas, and power industries. In this work, the capability of active thermography and eddy current techniques to detect real imposed defects that are representative of the laser powder bed fusion process has been investigated. A 3D complex shape of defects was revealed by a µCT investigation used as reference results for the other NDT methods. The study was focused on two different types of defects: porosities generated in keyhole mode as well as in lack of fusion mode. Different thermographic and eddy current measurements were carried out on AM samples, providing the capability to detect volumetric irregularly shaped defects using non-destructive methods.
Hospital transfer rates and advance care planning following a nursing home-targeted video-conference education series (Project ECHO): a prospective cohort study
Authors: Dowling Michael J. , Molloy Una , Payne Cathy , McLean Sarah , McQuillan Regina , Noonan Claire , Ryan Dan J.
Published: April 2022

Key Summary Points

Aim

What effect does a novel education programme have on emergency hospital transfers of, and advance care planning decisions among, nursing home residents?

Findings

This education programme did not affect overall rates of emergency hospital transfer. It did increase advance care planning discussions, increase compliance with the results of these discussions and increase “DNR” orders among nursing home residents.

Message

Novel tele-education programmes have the potential to improve advance care planning discussions in nursing homes.
Modeling and Analyzing the Dynamical Motion of a Rigid Body with a Spherical Cavity
Authors: Farag A. M. , Amer T. S. , Abady I. M.
Published: April 2022

The rotatory motion of a rigid body having a cavity, close to a spherical form, filled with a viscous incompressible fluid around its center of mass is investigated. It is assumed that the Reynolds number has a modest restricted value due to the high velocity of the fluid. The body rotates under the influence of a viscous fluid besides the action of a gyrostatic moment vector about the principal axes of the body. The governing system of motion is derived and the averaging of the Cauchy problem of this system is analyzed. The analytic solutions are derived through several transformations and plotted graphically to demonstrate the positive influence of the physical body's parameters on the motion. The stability of these solutions is examined through their phase plane diagrams. In light of the efficiency of a gyrostatic moment on the considered motion, new results of this work have been achieved. The significance of this work stems from its numerous uses in everyday life, particularly in vehicles that hold liquids, such as aircraft, submarines, ships, and other vehicles. Moreover, it is also used in engineering applications that depend on the gyroscopic theory.
Enacting boundaries or building bridges? Language and engagement in food-energy-water systems science
Authors: Gagnon Valoree S. , Schelly Chelsea , Lytle William , Kliskey Andrew , Dale Virginia H. , Marshall Anna-Maria , Rodriguez Luis F. , Williams Paula , Price Michael Waasegiizhig , Redd Elizabeth A. , Noodin Margaret A.
Published: April 2022

Scientific study of issues at the nexus of food–energy–water systems (FEWS) requires grappling with multifaceted, “wicked” problems. FEWS involve interactions occurring directly and indirectly across complex and overlapping spatial and temporal scales; they are also imbued with diverse and sometimes conflicting meanings for the human and more-than-human beings that live within them. In this paper, we consider the role of language in the dynamics of boundary work, recognizing that the language often used in stakeholder and community engagement intended to address FEWS science and decision-making constructs boundaries and limits diverse and inclusive participation. In contrast, some language systems provide opportunities to build bridges rather than boundaries in engagement. Based on our experiences with engagement in FEWS science and with Indigenous knowledges and languages, we consider examples of the role of language in reflecting worldviews, values, practices, and interactions in FEWS science and engagement. We particularly focus on Indigenous knowledges from Anishinaabe and the language of Anishinaabemowin, contrasting languages of boundaries and bridges through concrete examples. These examples are used to unpack the argument of this work, which is that scientific research aiming to engage FEWS issues in working landscapes requires grappling with embedded, practical understandings. This perspective demonstrates the importance of grappling with the role of language in creating boundaries or bridges, while recognizing that training in engagement may not critically reflect on the role of language in limiting diversity and inclusivity in engagement efforts. Leaving this reflexive consideration of language unexamined may unknowingly perpetuate boundaries rather than building bridges, thus limiting the effectiveness of engagement that is intended to address wicked problems in working landscapes.
Reconsidering the role of place in health and welfare services: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States and Canada
Authors: Ratliff G. Allen , Sousa Cindy A. , Graaf Genevieve , Akesson Bree , Kemp Susan P.
Published: April 2022

Places—the meaningful locations of daily life—have been central to the wellbeing of humans since they first formed social groups, providing a stable base for individuals, families, and communities. In the United States and Canada, as elsewhere, place also plays a foundational role in the provision of critical social and health services and resources. Yet the globally destabilizing events of the COVID-19 pandemic have dramatically challenged the concept, experience, and meaning of place. Place-centered public health measures such as lockdowns and stay-at-home orders have disrupted and transformed homes, neighborhoods, workplaces, and schools. These measures stressed families and communities, particularly among marginalized groups, and made the delivery of vital resources and services more difficult. At the same time, the pandemic has stimulated a range of creative and resilient responses. Building from an overview of these effects and drawing conceptually on theories of people–place relationships, this paper argues for critical attention to reconsidering and re-envisioning prevailing assumptions about place-centric policies, services, and practices. Such reappraisal is vital to ensuring that, going forward, scholars, policymakers, and practitioners can effectively design and deliver services capable of maintaining social connections, safety, and wellbeing in contexts of uncertainty, inequality, and flux.
Effect of High-Intensity Intermittent Hypoxic Training on 3-on-3 Female Basketball Player’s Performance
Authors: Smith H. K. , Hamlin M. J. , Elliot C. A.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To investigate the effects of 4 weeks high-intensity interval training in hypoxia on aerobic and anaerobic performance of 3-on-3 basketball players.

Methods

In a randomised controlled trial, 15 female basketballers completed eight 1-h high-intensity training sessions in either normobaric hypoxia (hypoxic group n = 8, altitude 3052 m) or normoxia (normoxic group n = 7, sea-level).

Results

After training, the hypoxic group increased their 1-min all-out shuttle run distance by 2.5% ± 2.3% (mean ± 95% CI, d = 0.83, P = 0.04), compared to the normoxic group 0.2% ± 2.3% (d = 0.06, P = 0.8), with the difference between groups being clinically worthwhile but not statistically significant (d = 0.77, P = 0.1). Distance covered in the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test tended to increase in the hypoxic (32.5% ± 39.3%, d = 1.0, P = 0.1) but not normoxic group (0.3% ± 24.5%, d = 0.08, P = 0.9), with a non-significant change between groups (d = 0.9, P = 0.2). Compared to normoxia, the hypoxic group significantly increased subjective markers of stress (d = 0.53, P = 0.005), fatigue (d = 0.43, P = 0.005), and muscle soreness (d = 0.46, P = 0.01), which resulted in a lower perceived training performance in the hypoxic compared to the normoxic group (d = 0.68, P = 0.001).

Conclusion

High-intensity interval training under hypoxic conditions likely improved 1-min all-out shuttle run ability in female basketball 3-on-3 players but also increased subjective markers of stress and fatigue which must be taken into consideration when prescribing such training.
Measuring and evaluating CSR information and involvement strategies on corporate Facebook pages
Authors: Amabile Sara , Conte Francesca , Vollero Agostino , Siano Alfonso
Published: April 2022

Organizations are increasingly involving stakeholders in their CSR activities through social networks. Despite the growing interest by academics and practitioners in this field of research, empirical studies are still limited, highlighting a gap in the identification and the use of effective measurement tools for evaluating sustainable marketing performances on social networks. The study aims to develop a framework to measure and assess stakeholder engagement strategies, in terms of CSR information and involvement, on Facebook pages of sustainable organizations. The framework is based on a set of dimensions (macro-item, item and micro-item) and adopts different types of variables (dichotomous and indices) and techniques (manual detection, Facebook developers tools, content analysis through the NooJ, and Likealyzer). A pilot study on firms classified by the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index (2015) confirms the applicability of the framework, showing that organizations prefer a “one-way” communication approach (CSR information strategies), rather than a “two-way” communication approach (CSR involvement strategies). The framework constitutes a tool aimed at analyzing and measuring the CSR communication strategies on corporate Facebook pages. It provides managers and consultants of digital communication useful indications to improve sustainable marketing activities and stakeholder engagement strategies on Facebook.
Valorization of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB)-based bioplastic waste in anaerobic digesters of food waste for bioenergy generation: reactor performance, microbial community analysis, and bioplastic biodegradation
Authors: Zhang Le , Tsui To-Hung , Fu Jiahua , Dai Yanjun , Tong Yen Wah
Published: April 2022

This study aims to investigate the significance and biodegradation pathways of PHB-based bioplastic in anaerobic digesters treating food waste, where the reactor performance of changed methane generation, bioplastic biodegradation efficiency, and bioinformatic analysis of functional microbes were emphasized. The results showed that PHB-based plastic film could be partially biodegraded in the food waste digester, and a bioaugmentation use of Alcaligenes Faecalis (AF) and Bacillus Megaterium (BM) was beneficial to largely accelerate the degradation process through a beneficial shift of both the functional bacterial and archaeal species. Microbial community analysis indicated that the major bacterial species belonged to genera Candidatus_Cloacimonas, Rikenellaceae, and Defluviitoga, while the dominant methanogenic archaeal species belonged to genera Methanomassiliicoccus, Methanosarcina, and Methanosaeta. Bioplastic biodegradation analysis suggested that the optimal fractions of AF and BM for PHB-based plastic degradation were 50%AF and 75%BM, respectively, which deserves further optimization and scale-up validation. The finding of this study would contribute to the combined management of PHB-based bioplastic with food waste for clean energy recovery and a greener environment.
Climate policy uncertainty and corporate investment: evidence from the Chinese energy industry
Authors: Ren Xiaohang , Shi Yukun , Jin Chenglu
Published: April 2022

In recent years, with the increasing attention paid to climate risks, the changes in climate policies are also more full of uncertainties, which have brought tremendous impact to economic entities, including companies. Using the dynamic threshold model, this study investigates the nonlinear and the asymmetric effect of climate policy uncertainty on Chinese firm investment decisions with panel data of 128 Chinese energy-related companies from 2007 to 2019. The empirical findings indicate that the influence of climate policy uncertainty on firm investment is significantly nonlinear. Overall, climate policy uncertainty is not apparently related to corporate investments in the high-level range, while it negatively affects the investments in the low-level range. In addition, to be more specific, the negative impact of climate policy uncertainty on the mining industry is tremendous, while the influence on the production and supply of electricity, heat, gas, and water sector is remarkably positive. The results of this study could help the company managers and policymakers to arrange appropriate related strategies under different climate policy conditions.
Pudendal Neuromodulation is Feasible and Effective After Pudendal Nerve Entrapment Surgery
Authors: Meier Kristen M. , Vecellio Patrick M. , Killinger Kim A. , Boura Judith A. , Peters Kenneth M.
Published: April 2022

Background

Patients with intractable pain in the pudendal nerve distribution may benefit from pudendal neuromodulation; however, some may have previously undergone pudendal nerve entrapment surgery (PNES), potentially altering nerve anatomy and function.

Aim

We examined pudendal neuromodulation outcomes in patients with prior PNES.

Methods

Patients with a history of PNES and quadripolar, tined pudendal lead placement for urogenital pain were reviewed. Symptoms and outcomes were collected from existing medical records.

Outcomes

Patients with pudendal neuromodulation and prior PNES were compared to patients with no prior PNES who had pudendal lead placement.

Results

Fifteen patients with a history of 1, 2, or 3 prior PNES (n = 13, 1, and 1, respectively) were evaluated. Most (10; 67%) were female, with bilateral pain (9; 60%), and symptoms of 5–26 years. After trialing the lead, bladder symptoms and pain were improved in 8 of 12 and 9 of 14 patients, respectively, and 80% of patients (12/15) underwent permanent generator implantation. When prior PNES patients were compared to those with no prior PNES (n = 43), gender (67% vs 77% female; P = .50) and age (median 63 vs 58 years; P = .80), were similar; however, BMI differed (mean 24 vs 29; P = .008) and a lower proportion (12/15; 80% vs 42/43; 98%; P = .049) had generator implantation. Importantly, median lead implant time (48 vs 50 minutes; P = .65) did not differ between the 2 groups.

Clinical Implications

Pudendal neuromodulation has the potential to provide pain relief for a very difficult-to-treat population; furthermore, it does not appear that prior PNES surgery made lead placement significantly more challenging.

Strengths & Limitations

Study strengths include being a tertiary referral center for urogenital pain and having a single surgeon perform all procedures in a regimented way. Limitations include the retrospective study design, small sample size and various approaches to PN

Conclusion

Chronic pudendal neuromodulation can be a viable option even after prior PNES.
203 Implementing a hospital-based referral system to connect heart failure patients with payer disease management: approaches and lessons from a pilot study
Authors: Patterson Mark E. , Chan Paul , Melton Susan , Breeding Tracie , Farr Stacy , Spertus John
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Commercial health insurance payers invest in disease management programs (DM) to coordinate care for complex patients. To overcome gaps in connecting patients hospitalized with heart failure to DM, we implemented a novel warm handoff referral between hospital providers and payer DM using the Implementation Research Logic Model (IRLM). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A research and quality improvement team collaborated with champions from one hospital and three payers to build and pilot an inpatient-based referral for hospitalized patients with heart failure who were beneficiaries of one of three payers. The standard process of payers initiating contact with patients by phone was restructured to enable inpatient teams to initiate referrals by screening eligible patients prior to discharge. Between August 2020 and October 2021, 285 patients were hospitalized and eligible for screening. Patient registries were built to track patient referral, eligibility, and enrollment status. Monthly stakeholder meetings were used to collect referral rates and review barriers and facilitators related to implementation. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Of the 63.6% (N=168) patients screened, 31.4% (N=83) were referred, 17.4% (N=46) declined referral, and 14.8% (N=39) were deemed ineligible by payers. Inpatient screenings were challenged by variability across five units with incomplete/missed referrals, primarily attributed to COVID-19-related staff shortages. Payers were challenged by delayed/incomplete referrals and varying access to the hospitals EHRs. Building patient registries helped inpatient champions track eligibility and referral status, and centralizing screening to one champion improved screening rates and reduced incomplete referrals. Additional challenges being addressed include clarifying each payers unique eligibility requirements, refining payers review of referral emails, and creating descriptions of DM for patients. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Implementing inpatient-based DM referrals requires patient and staff engagement, real-time data sharing, and iterative process improvement. Referrals using robust health IT systems could improve patient engagement by connecting payers, providers, and patients; and improve evaluation efforts with real-time process and outcome data.
204 Identifying Barriers to and Strategies for Implementing Same-Day Discharge after Mastectomy
Authors: Ellsworth Brandon L. , Settecerri Daniel , Hider Ahmad M. , Mott Nicole , Dossett Lesly A. , Hughes Tasha M.
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Same-day discharge (SDS) after mastectomy without reconstruction (MwoR) is cost-effective with equivalent complications rates when compared to patients discharged the day after surgery. Despite this, facilities SDS rates after MwoR vary from <10%-80% (20% overall). We aimed to explore barriers to and strategies for implementing SDS after MwoR. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We conducted semi-structured interviews with surgeons currently performing MwoR and practicing in the state of Michigan. Recruitment was done through purposeful and snowball sampling methods. Interviews ranged from 40-60 minutes in length. The interview guide was based on the Tailored Implementation of Chronic Disease framework. Interviews were transcribed then analyzed by 3 independent reviewers. A framework matrix was created to identify common themes. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Participants (n=15) included general surgeons, breast surgeons, surgical oncologists, and both university and non-university affiliated practices were represented. Surgeons either discharged patients the same-day or the day after MwoR. All surgeons who didnt routinely discharge patients the day of surgery (n=9) believed their facility had the resources to implement this practice and it would be safe for most patients. Identified barriers to same-day discharges included provider preoperative expectation setting, patient anxiety about managing their wound drain, and practice standards at their facility. Potential strategies for implementation included incorporating drain teachings with patients before surgery and explaining the benefits of same-day discharge with other providers at your facility. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: We identified novel barriers to same-day discharge after MwoR. These barriers are potentially targetable with interventions addressing patient anxiety surrounding drain management, and education of providers across the care continuum.
208 Identification of Trichomonas vaginalis 5-nitroimidazole resistance targets to inform future drug development
Authors: Graves Keonte , Sharma Jyoti , Reily Colin , Tiwari Hemant , Srinivasasainagendra Vinodh , Secor W. Evan , Novak Jan , Muzny Christina A.
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: 5-nitroimidazoles are the only FDA-approved medications for T. vaginalis treatment. Resistance has been observed in 5-10% of cases, but may be rising. We aimed to delineate mechanisms of resistance in isolates of T. vaginalis using transcriptome profiling of resistant and sensitive T. vaginalis isolates. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: T. vaginalis isolates (4 metronidazole (MTZ)-resistant were grown in triplicate in Diamond’s Trypticase-Yeast-Maltose medium. MTZ susceptibility testing confirmed MTZ MLCs of T. vaginalis isolates. Total RNA extraction was done using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen; Carlsbad; CA); according to the manufacturer’s instructions. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MTZ-resistant vs. sensitive isolates. Subsequent qPCR was performed to confirm and extend RNAseq data and gene targets related to 5-nitroimidazole resistance. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: RNAseq identified key DEGs in MTZ-resistant vs. sensitive isolates. DEGs from MTZ-resistant isolates included those involved in metabolic pathways relevant to 5-nitroimidazole resistance such as energy production (glycolytic enzymes) and oxygen-scavenging (thioredoxin). Other DEGs included those encoding transcription factors (MYB DNA-binding protein), ribosomal proteins (30S, 40S, 50S, 60S), protein kinases (CAMK, ser/thr, CMGC), Ankyrin repeat proteins, surface proteins (Surface antigen BspA-like) and various uncharacterized hypothetical proteins. RT-qPCR experiments confirmed reduced expression of genes encoding ferredoxin (drug activation) and flavin reductase 1 (oxygen scavenging) in MTZ-resistant T. vaginalis isolates as compared to MTZ-sensitive isolates. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we identified several DEGs in resistant T. vaginalis isolates. Further studies with large number of isolates representing a broad range of MTZ-susceptibility patterns are needed to identify genes that may represent new targets for future drug development.