bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carolina Cotton
Authors: Vander Wel Stephanie
Published: September 2020

Chapter 4 shifts the subject matter to 1940s California country music and connects the musical career of Carolina Cotton to the vibrancy and theatricality of that scene. Cotton emerged as a formidable vocalist in the leading western swing bands in which her virtuosic yodeling style matched and helped to enliven the rhythmic language of this hybrid style. In film, she continually used the yodel’s historical links to pastoralism, female virtuosity, and vaudeville slapstick to play a variety of roles—the Alpine maiden, the hillbilly clown, the jazz soloist, or the tomboyish singing cowgirl. With thespian flair, Cotton negotiated the aesthetic and cultural terrain of 1940s country music and opened up a performative space in California’s dance halls, where she yodeled swinging rhythms to an Okie audience of women working in World War II-era production plants.
Introduction
Authors: Steiner Linda
Published: September 2020

The introduction explains the crucial significance and “agency” of various media to the debates over the vote and to suffragists and antisuffragists, arguing that print newspapers and magazines are not merely sources of information about the movement, although this is largely how news coverage has been treated by historians and rhetorical scholars. The introduction uses a relatively unknown case of a Missouri suffrage paper to exemplify suffragist experiences, illustrating both their strategic creativity in the face of money problems and their decision making regarding when to abandon their suffrage organ. Then, a twenty-first-century website named for one of the earliest suffrage periodicals is used to show the contemporary postfeminist depoliticization of suffrage politics. In the end, suffragists’ flexibility and adaptability, their willingness to experiment, and their openness to working with an array of reform-minded partners were probably all crucial to their eventual victory.
Suffrage and the New Negro in the Black Public Sphere
Authors: Rhodes Jane
Published: September 2020

The era immediately following World War I was tumultuous for African American communities, with its widespread backlash against black American soldiers, urban antiblack violence and riots, and lynching. The black press, which conveyed the communities’ sense of anxiety and grievance, was critical to the formation and maintenance of a radical black counterpublic—a formation that operated outside the mainstream public sphere. While some black publications stayed on the margins of radical politics, this chapter shows that others embraced more militant ideas and strategies. Socialism and the Communist Party held special sway for some African Americans seeking a way out of their social, economic, and political isolation. A. Philip Randolph and Chandler Owen, who founded The Messenger in New York in 1917, supported woman suffrage and promised to help women make the most profitable and desirable use of the ballot. The Messenger’s editors viewed black women’s suffrage as part of a larger political and social transformation that would give the masses a voice and equal opportunity. W. E. B. Du Bois also articulated strong “profeminist” politics in the pages of The Crisis, promoting women’s suffrage as a key element in the quest for black liberation.
After Suffrage
Authors: Beasley Maurine
Published: September 2020

After gaining the vote in 1920, suffragists faced a new quandary—to attempt to enter the existing male power structure or focus on the broader cause of advancing women by upholding traditional femininity while still exercising the ballot. Efforts to deal with this dilemma can be seen by examining the contents of contemporary periodicals, particularly three from women’s organizations: Equal Rights, the voice of the National Woman Party; the Woman Citizen, produced by the League of Women Voters, and Independent Woman, the bulletin of the National Federation of Business and Professional Women. These publications illustrated the fracturing of the idealism of the suffrage movement when women actually went to the polls and were forced to deal with political realities as well as conflicting ideas of their proper roles.
We Can Seize the Opportunity
Authors: West E. James
Published: September 2020

This chapter charts Ebony’s initial response to the ‘mainstreaming’ of black history in American popular and political culture during the 1970s, focused around the magazine’s discussion of, and engagement with, the American Bicentennial in 1976. As a whole, Ebony’s coverage of the Bicentennial reflected a shift away from a more activist-oriented depiction of black history and an embrace of less political and more commemorative editorial perspective. Yet even as this shift occurred, Bennett pushed for a rejection of the Bicentennial as an ‘affront to truth and freedom.’
Paracentese de alívio no domicílio
Authors: Machado Diani de Oliveira , Lagni Verlaine Balzan , Kalil Mauro Binz , Mestriner Raquel Jeanty de Seixas , Coelho Rosane Pignones , Mahmud Sati Jaber
Published: September 2020

Introdução: A ascite é definida como um acúmulo de líquido na cavidade peritoneal e, em 75% dos casos, é causada por cirrose e hipertensão da veia porta de várias etiologias. Seu tratamento inclui restrição de fluidos, diurese e paracentese de grande volume. A paracentese de alívio é o procedimento de remoção de fluido ascítico da cavidade peritoneal com a finalidade de reduzir a pressão intra-abdominal e aliviar sintomas associados como dispneia, dor e desconforto abdominal. É uma técnica simples e segura que pode ser realizada em ambiente hospitalar e ambulatorial. A expansão dos Serviços de Atenção Domiciliar (SAD) no país oportunizou a realização de procedimentos de maior complexidade no domicílio podendo contribuir com o bem-estar de pacientes em cuidado paliativo domiciliar. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil de pacientes submetidos à paracentese de alívio em um SAD. Métodos: Estudo transversal, incluindo pacientes consecutivos que realizaram paracentese de alívio no domicílio entre os anos 2009 e 2017. Os dados foram coletados em prontuário. Para a análise descritiva dos dados estatísticos utilizou-se o Software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v. 18.0 (SPSS). Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 15 pacientes, apresentando uma média do Índice de Comorbidade de Charlson de 8,1 (3-15). As neoplasias foram as principais causas de ascite nos pacientes acompanhados (80,2%). No período do estudo foram realizadas 48 paracenteses de alívio. Seis pacientes apresentaram sintomatologia clínica com necessidade de visita domiciliar (VD) não programada. Em relação às complicações do procedimento de paracentese, um paciente apresentou sangramento no local da punção. Todas as situações acima foram manejadas no domicílio. Em relação aos desfechos do atendimento no SAD, 53% dos pacientes necessitaram de reinternação hospitalar por piora clínica. Conclusões: A paracentese de alívio no domicílio mostra-se como uma prática segura, reduzindo idas desnecessárias a serviços de urgência/emergência e com bons índices de satisfação relatados pelos pacientes, desde que os profissionais sejam devidamente capacitados para realização do procedimento, com rotina e técnica instituída pelo SAD.
Relevância e aderência do mobile learning no Ensino Superior brasileiro: uma percepção estudantil em um curso de Design
Authors: Dick Maurício Elias
Published: September 2020

Diversos aspectos da sociedade contemporânea estão mediados pelas tecnologias digitais. Computadores e smartphones são utilizados diariamente para intermediar diferentes atividades, como a comunicação, o trabalho, a leitura e até mesmo os relacionamentos interpessoais. Por consequência, os dispositivos móveis se mostram cada vez mais presentes também nas salas de aula das universidades. Como resposta a esta realidade, verifica-se um movimento a nível mundial no sentido do uso de dispositivos móveis no ensino, o chamado mobile learning. De toda forma, é importante que a tecnologia seja incorporada de maneira crítica no processo de aprendizagem do estudante, pois é menos provável que os alunos adotem o mobile learning se para eles esse sistema tem pouco ou nenhum valor. Nessa perspectiva, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo inferir a percepção estudantil quanto à relevância e aderência do mobile learning no contexto do ensino superior brasileiro. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa experimental com 10 estudantes em uma disciplina teórica de um curso de graduação em Design em uma instituição de ensino superior pública brasileira. Como resultado, foi possível perceber que o mobile learning se mostrou aderente pelos referidos universitários, dado o amplo uso dos materiais disponibilizados. Além disso, a aprendizagem móvel foi considerada relevante e pertinente na percepção dos participantes, principalmente em razão das mobilidades física e temporal e da facilidade de acesso, mas também devido a economia financeira que ela permite.
Breve estado da arte da Web 2.0 no Ensino de Química: análise das produções em periódicos e congressos científicos
Authors: Leite Bruno Silva
Published: September 2020

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento e uma análise sobre o estado da arte de ferramentas da Web 2.0 no Ensino de Química desde o surgimento da Web 2.0, em 2005, até o ano de 2015. Analisamos a produção de 6061 artigos/comunicações em quatro periódicos e quatro congressos científicos. Foram encontrados 122 trabalhos sobre Web Social nos periódicos e 217 nos congressos científicos, de um total de 1971 publicações delimitadas pelas TIC, com 103 trabalhos direcionados exclusivamente ao Ensino de Química. Além disso, apresenta-se a utilização de alguns recursos da Web 2.0 e como estes estão sendo inseridos no Ensino de Química, destacando um breve resumo de trabalhos divulgados. Embora as publicações na área não sejam homogêneas, os resultados mostram um pequeno crescimento das pesquisas utilizando a Web 2.0 no Ensino de Química no seu primeiro decênio. Este artigo, além de apresentar um panorama geral sobre ferramentas da Web 2.0 no Ensino de Química, serve de base para a ampliação das pesquisas na área e no desenvolvimento de novos estudos.
American Datu
Authors: Edgerton Ronald K.
Published: September 2020

This book highlights a seminal but largely overlooked period in the development of American counterinsurgency strategy. It examines how Progressive counterinsurgency ideas and methods evolved between 1899 and 1913 as Americans fought Philippine Moros in their first sustained military encounter with Islamic militants. It then compares those ideas and methods with current theory on COIN (counterinsurgency) as set forth in The U.S. Army * Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual. The author also explores how Moros contested American military intervention in their lives. He asks: How did they bend the narrative? How did Progressive counterinsurgency in Mindanao and Sulu come to have a Moro face? Finally, this work focuses on how John J. Pershing, during his seven years of service among Moros, contributed to Progressive counterinsurgency strategy. How did his approach compare with Gen. Leonard Wood’s radically different ideas on pacification? In the most creative years of Pershing’s life, how did he pull together lessons learned from his Philippine experience to craft a relatively balanced and full-spectrum approach to fighting small wars? What can we take from his experience and apply to America’s fraught relationship with Islamic militancy today?
Introduction
Authors: Edgerton Ronald K.
Published: September 2020

The introduction begins by describing the Battle of Bayang in Lanao, Philippines, in May 1902. It then introduces John J. Pershing, his formative experience commanding Sioux scouts and Tenth Cavalry African American soldiers, and his Progressive Era context. It discusses his time in Zamboanga, Mindanao, and his intimate relationship with the Filipina Joaquina Bondoy Ignacio. It describes the Maranao Moro social-political world in which he immersed himself. And it examines how the bloodbath at Bayang impelled him to begin shaping a more effective and less-lethal way of fighting small wars.
The Mailed Fist of Progressive Counterinsurgency
Authors: Edgerton Ronald K.
Published: September 2020

In late 1902 and early 1903, Capt. Pershing implemented very deliberate, methodical, and unspectacular counterinsurgency tactics in neutralizing Maranao Moro insurgency in Lanao—nothing flashy or especially innovative or brilliant. But when military success is measured by victory after victory achieved without massive loss of life, especially to his own troops, his Lake Lanao campaigns proved remarkably successful and made him into a hero among his countrymen.
Hard War in Jolo
Authors: Edgerton Ronald K.
Published: September 2020

This chapter analyzes the murderous war between American troops and the Tausug Moros on Jolo Island, 1903–1906. It begins by discussing Panglima Hassan’s failed efforts to nurture a working relationship with Sulu governor Hugh Lenox Scott. It goes on to list specific do’s and don’ts in fighting small wars. Governor Scott and Gen. Wood committed many of the “don’ts.” They initially failed to consider the centrality of arbitration to the Tausug datu system, how the abolition of debt peonage threatened datus, and how imposition of the cedula tax offended Tausug religious sensibilities. Despite numerous American victories against Hassan and other Tausug Moros, the insurgency grew and spread into a reign of terror. Its horrifying climax came in March 1906 with the massacre of 700–900 Moro men, women, and children on a volcanic peak called Bud (Mt.) Dajo.
Learning to Live with Accommodation
Authors: Edgerton Ronald K.
Published: September 2020

This chapter focuses on the time between Gen. Wood’s departure and Gen. Pershing’s return to Moro Province (1906–1909). In these years, Moros and Americans began to confront each other less and to accommodate each other more. Counterinsurgency operations continued as the Philippine Constabulary battled insurgents in dozens of firefights, but the army remained relatively idle. Some 500–600 Moros died in these hostilities, a significant number to be sure, but far from the approximately 4,000 Moros killed in the Wood years. American Moro Province governor Tasker Bliss adopted a policy recommended by Najeeb Saleeby, a former Moro Province school superintendent who advised Americans to respect and work with Moro datus rather than undermine them. A modus vivendi emerged in which Moros went along with a variety of economic, commercial, and infrastructural changes, while Americans refrained from overtly threatening Moro social, religious, educational, and political institutions, with the one exception of slavery.
Marriage on the Border
Authors: Fredette Allison Dorothy
Published: September 2020

Not quite the Cotton Kingdom or the free labor North, the mid-nineteenth-century border South was a land in between. There, the clashing ideologies of this era—slavery and freedom, urban and rural, industrial and agrarian—met, merged, and melded. As they did, they formed something new—a fluid, flexible identity that somehow grew from these tensions while rising above them. This border identity would play a critical role in these states’ experiences during the secession crisis, the Civil War, and Reconstruction. Yet, this story—one of political division, internal warfare, and economic struggles—is only one part of the border South’s larger saga. Focusing on the heart of this complicated region, Marriage on the Border reveals how this border environment shaped the lives and loves of Kentuckians, West Virginians, and Appalachian Virginians. Inundated with conflicting messages about marriage, divorce, and gender, these border southerners set their own path. In an era when advice manuals urged all Americans to adopt new ideals of companionate marriage and loving mutuality, border southerners proved especially receptive to these notions. Additionally, when these marriages crumbled, border southerners found ways to divorce more easily than other southerners of this era. Marriage on the Border follows border southerners through their courtships and into their homes, through blissful marriages and turbulent divorce dramas, through secession, war, and reconstruction. Along the way, Marriage on the Border captures the turmoil and confusion of this era, not in its legislative halls or on the battlefield, but in the households of those who lived at the heart of the country.
Torn Apart
Authors: Fredette Allison Dorothy
Published: September 2020

This chapter explores the impact of the Civil War on divorce in the postwar period. As in other parts of the United States, the Civil War had a profound impact on the psyche and emotions of the people involved, and years of distance and separation and battlefield trauma led to the breakdown of many relationships. The situation in Kentucky and West Virginia was exacerbated by two particular circumstances: the establishment of friendlier divorce laws in the antebellum era and the embrace of domesticity and mutuality before and during the conflict. Hastily arranged marriages and the flexibility to more easily end those relationships when they failed, led to a rash of divorces in the border South in the years following the war.
Confederate Citadel
Authors: DeCredico Mary A.
Published: September 2020

Richmond, Virginia, became the capital of the Confederate States of America in May 1861. From that point on, it would be the target of multiple Union “On to Richmond” campaigns. Richmond was symbolic: its capitol building bore the imprimatur of the Revolutionary War generation and had been designed by Thomas Jefferson; on its grounds was a famous equestrian statue of George Washington. Nearby was St. John’s Church, where Patrick Henry had demanded liberty—or death.
But Richmond was an anomaly in the antebellum South. It supported a diverse population of whites, slaves, free people of color, and immigrants. It had modernized during the 1850s. By 1860, it ranked thirteenth nationally in manufacturing and boasted a robust commercial economy. When civil war erupted in 1861, it was only logical to shift the Confederate capital to the city on the James. Richmond became the keystone of the rebellion. Its people would sacrifice until there was literally nothing left. Rather than allow the Union army to take the city in 1865, the Confederacy’s military leaders fired the tobacco housed there, which created a firestorm that nearly destroyed the city. When the Federals entered Richmond on April 3, they could see the detritus that was a testament to the city’s and its citizens’ contributions to the Confederacy.
The Campaigns of 1862
Authors: DeCredico Mary A.
Published: September 2020

This chapter discusses the first of a series of military campaigns the Federals launched against Richmond. Many feared during the Peninsula Campaign and the Seven Days’ Battle of 1862 that the city would be given up, as Nashville and New Orleans had. These battles around Richmond exposed the people to the horrors of war. The city became overcrowded as people flocked to it because the capital was deemed to be so safe. Richmond became a major hospital center during this time. The year 1862 forced Richmonders to adapt to war with all of its consequences.
The Overcrowded and Hungry City, 1864
Authors: DeCredico Mary A.
Published: September 2020

Chapter 4 chronicles the ongoing challenges that Richmonders faced. Inflation continued to be a problem. The ever-growing tide of refugees swelled the population to more than 100,000; some in Richmond thought the figure was closer to 130,000. Class divisions became increasingly evident as the well-to-do entertained lavishly, while the middle and laboring classes faced what some feared would become a famine. In March, locals learned of a daring raid led by Union colonel Ulrich Dahlgren and brigadier general Judson Kilpatrick. The raid was turned back, and the goal of killing Jefferson Davis and freeing the Union prisoners in Libby Prison was stymied. The Army of the Potomac’s offensives in the Overland Campaign culminated in a siege of Petersburg, thirty miles south of Richmond. As General Lee told General Jubal Early, if Union general Ulysses S. Grant advanced to the James River, the war in the east would become a siege, and thus defeat for the Confederacy would be “a mere matter of time.”
Changing the Game
Authors: Host Jim , Moyen Eric A.
Published: September 2020

Changing the Game is the memoir of Jim Host, a pioneer in college sports marketing. After attending the University of Kentucky, Host spent a few years in business before accepting a position as commissioner of public information in Governor Louie Nunn’s cabinet in 1967. After an unsuccessful bid for lieutenant governor in 1971, Host founded what would eventually become Host Communications Incorporated (HCI).
HCI engaged in association management before entering the far more high-profile field of college sports marketing when it gained the radio rights to University of Kentucky athletics. Host then developed the NCAA Radio Network, broadcasting games for the NCAA Division I men’s basketball tournament. Before long, HCI had developed radio networks and marketing strategies for the Southwest Conference (SWC) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
Host began to bid on college media rights, ultimately partnering with more than thirty universities. He created the concept of “bundled rights” at the university level, whereby corporations became “official” sponsors of college athletic programs across a spectrum of media formats. In the early 1980s Host convinced NCAA executive director Walter Byers to sell corporate sponsorships for the NCAA basketball tournament. This innovation dramatically increased revenue for the NCAA and increased the popularity of the tournament.
In Kentucky, Host was involved with the construction of Rupp Arena, the Kentucky Horse Park, and the KFC Yum! Center. He played a key role in bringing the Alltech World Equestrian Games to Kentucky in 2010.
Planning the Perfect Party
Authors: Stevens Peggy Noe , Reigler Susan , Minnick Fred
Published: September 2020

Whether a specific occasion, such as an anniversary or birthday party, or a celebration of a particular season or event, a party can take on an extra dimension with a well-defined theme. There are suggestions for seasonal themes, as well as themes having to do with food and drink. Appropriate invitation formats range from phone calls, to “e-vites,” to formal printed invitations. Tips for determining number and make-up of guests are included.
Food Pairings and Cooking with Bourbon
Authors: Stevens Peggy Noe , Reigler Susan , Minnick Fred
Published: September 2020

This chapter explains how to pair certain types of foods with various bourbon styles. Sample menus for various occasions are included: dinner with a few friends, summertime picnics, buffets for a crowd, etc. The chapter also features recipes and tips for cooking with bourbon.
A Bourbon Cocktail Soirée
Authors: Stevens Peggy Noe , Reigler Susan , Minnick Fred
Published: September 2020

There are many possible variations on the theme of “cocktail party.” You may want to compare Manhattan recipes. Or perhaps explore some pre-Prohibition punches. Recipes for classic and contemporary cocktails will be included, along with easy appetizers and delicious “mocktails” for designated drivers.
Er kirkelig polemik nedbrydende?
Authors: Baagø Kaj
Published: September 2020

Is Religious Controversy Destructive? A Discussion between Grundtvig and Nicolai Faber in 1825. By Kaj Baagø. Not many of the letters written by Grundtvig in the autumn of 1825 (when the conflict in the Danish Church — the great “settling of accounts” with rationalism — was at its height) have been preserved. The conflict had already begun in the spring in “Theologisk Maanedsskrift” (“The Theological Monthly”), published by Grundtvig and his friends. In it Grundtvig reviewed some sermons by Nicolai Faber — at that time a parson, later bishop in Fyn —, and this led to an exchange of views between the two of them. First Faber published “Five Letters to the Reverend N. F. S. Grundtvig”, in which he sough to show that Grundtvig’s general criticism of the theology of the eighteenth century was unjustified and extremely one-sided. Grundtvig answered him privately in a letter (I) and expressed his annoyance that Faber had answered his comparatively kind review in such a fashion. On account of the great controversy with Professor Clausen in these months he did not wish to reply publicly and thus bring confusion into the main “battle”. — In au long letter (II) Faber then defended his mode of action, and tried at the same time to clear up his difference with Grundtvig. While Grundtvig wished to bring about the triumph of truth by sharply attacking unbelief and demanding unconditional belief, Faber desired another method of procedure. It was necessary to awaken “the spirit” in the unbeliever, so that he would feel there is something higher than himself and would gradually be awakened to new faith. Grundtvig’s polemics only awakened doubt in the layman, and contempt for the clergy and theological professors. He quoted examples from “Theologisk Maanedsskrift” and ended with a plea that there migh be an end of harsh controversy in that periodical. To this Grundtvig replied (III) with an immensely long letter (exceedingly unusual in that period in his life). The controversy is not about scholarly themes, but about the faith of the people. The rationalistic clergy have in course of time got the people lulled to sleep, and, if they are to be awakened, controversy is needed to do this. And it is also necessary to attack individuals, e. g., the professors, whom the students worship in their blindness, so that their rationalism may be laid bare. How would it have fared with the Reformation, Grundtvigs asks, if Luther and his friends had taken to discussing dogmatics nicely instead of attacking the corrupted clergy and the corrupted Papacy in the boldest way? Now — in “the second Reformation” — controversy is also necesssary, and in the hope that Faber will be able to perceive this, he concludes with best wishes.
Den levende røst
Authors: Hansen Uffe
Published: September 2020

The Living Voice. By Uffe Hansen. Grundtvig worked for many years to deepen and strengthen his ideas of the true nature of Christianity and its revelation. With the experiences of his childhood as a background he had in 1825 recognised, and proclaimed in “Kirkens Gienmæle” (“ The Church’s Answer” ), the new conception that the Church and Christianity have not sprung forth from the Scriptures, but from the living word which Jesus preached here below with a voice that could be heard, and which He empowered His disciples to bring to the peoples of the whole world. This living word comes to the individual in the community of the Church, to us, in baptism and the Lord’s Supper, which are the work of the Risen Savior Himself, in which He Himself speaks to us. In this fashion in the course of time Grundtvig set forth his ideas on countless occasions in speech and writing, and many poems and hymns give more or less clear expression to them. But even in his eightieth year he had not finished all he had to say about them, and the Danish Church had not understood what he said. An article by Bishop Martensen in I863 on “The Inspiration of the Apostles” , caused Grundtvig to take the question up for fresh treatment, partly at the first “meeting of his friends” , which was held in Copenhagen during the days immediately after his eightieth birthday, and partly in a series of poems, the longest of which was printed and distributed to all who took part in the meeting. His poem, “Den levende Røst” (“ The Living Voice” ), is 52 pages long and contains 248 verses in a verse-form of the old Scandinavian type, which Grundtvig had already used in 1808. Manuscripts recently found contain a number of drafts of the poem, which indicate the extent of the preliminary work that was done for it and that has not yet been dealt with by those engaged in research of Grundtvig’s writings. The article throws light on the main ideas of the poem and many obscure passages by means of a survey which can only be understood by readers well versed in Danish. In the second edition of the poem, which came out in December, 1863, there is a supplementary, and shorter, poetic exposition of the same ideas verses with the title: “Himlens Røst” (“The Voice of Heaven” ). And finally Grundtvig summarised the essential points in these poems in a hymn nine verses long: “Hører du Røsten?” (“Dost thou hear the Voice?” ), which appeared in the eighth edition of “Fest-Psalmer” (“ Festival Hymns” ) in 1864. The poet did not consider it sufficient to clarify his ideas about this important matter for himself and to try to give his friends an understanding of them, but his aim must also have been to get the Church to utter them in song as its confession of faith with thanks to God.
Grundtvig og Rasmus Sørensen. Anmeldelse af Knud Bannings »Landsbylærer« og »Degnekristne«
Authors: Bugge K. E.
Published: September 2020

Summary of the Review of Knud Banning9s Books.Grundtvig and Rasmus Sørensen. By Knud Eyvin Bugge.This article is a review of two books by Knud Banning - “A Village Teacher” and “Christian Deacons” (both published in Copenhagen, 1958), the latter of which is a thesis for a Doctor’s Degree. The books are of interest for readers of “Grundtvig Studies”, on the one hand because they give an insight into important events and currents of thought during Grundtvig’s lifetime, and besides this they also give a detailed description of Grundtvig’s relations with Rasmus Sørensen, who was a leading figure in the so-called “religious awakening” in South-west Sjaelland in the i 83o’s.Rasmus Sørensen was bom in 1799 and was trained as a teacher at Vesterborg Seminary in Lolland. All his life was influenced by his stay in these surroundings, where the best-known names were those of Bishonp P. O. Boisen and Count G. D. Reventlow, the famous champion of the emancipation of the peasants at the end of the 18th century. Under the influence of thi circle and its distinctive characteristics, Rasmus Sørensen became convinced that it was the chief task of the village school to contribute to the emancipation of the peasantclass, in both the social and the religious sphere. In reality his struggle became in essence a conflict with the clergy. Banning’s merit is to have shown how these religious and social viewpoints are combined in an indissoluble unity in Rasmus Sørensen’s struggle.Rasmus Sørensen first became acquainted with Grundtvig through his books. Reading Grundtvig’s “Biblical Sermons” ( 1816) brought about a crisis of conversion for Rasmus Sørensen, and he became a whole-hearted adherent of the orthodox Lutheran views which Grundtvig then held. He entered into a correspondence with Grundtvig, and visited him a couple of times at Praestø. Their relationship did not continue without some friction, because, among other things, Grundtvig’s thought in the 1820’s and 1830’s developed away from his earlier standpoint. No break took place, however, until 1836. Its occasion was the already well-known dispute between Rasmus Sørensen and Grundtvig concerning their views on the question as to how far it is the school’s task to instil the Christian faith into the children. Rasmus Sørensen answered the question in the affirmative and Grundtvig in the negative, and thereupon Rasmus Sørensen bade farewell to Grundtvig in a letter quivering with indignation. Still, he could not wholly tear himself loose from the influence of Grundtvig’s ideas, but continued for many years afterwards to discuss them in his writings.Rasmus Sørensen’s relationship to the religious awakening in South-west Sjaelland became for various reasons increasingly strained. He therefore gave up his teaching post in 1844, and turned to political activities. In 1852 he emigrated to America, and he died in 1865 while staying for a while in Denmark.
Henning Høirup: Grundtvig som forkynder - og William Michelsen: Grundtvigs kulturprogram i morderne belysning - og Carl Trock: Sognemenighed » fri menighed«
Authors: Bugge K. E.
Published: September 2020

Henning Høirup: Grundtvig as preacherWilliam Michelsen: Grundtvig's cultural program in modern lightingCarl Trock: Parish congregation 'free Parishioners'All tree by K. E. Bugge
Grundtvig-litteratur 1961. En bibliografisk oversigt
Authors: Johansen Steen
Published: September 2020

Grundtvig litterature 1961. A bibliographical overview
The Americanization of the Danish Lutheran Churches in America by Poul C. Nyholm, Ph. D. Professor of Churc History Wartburg Theological Seminary, Dubuque, Iowa
Authors: Blichfeld M. F.
Published: September 2020

Amerikaniseringen af de dansk lutherske kirker i Amerika af Poul C. Nyholm, Ph D. professor i kirkehistorie, Wartburg Theological Seminary, Dubuque, IowaAf M. F. Blichfeld
Beretning om Grundtvig-Selskabets virksomhed
Authors: Høirup Henning
Published: September 2020

Report on the Grundtvig Society's companyBy Henning Høirup
Georg Simon: Sucher, Prediger, Dichter. Nikolai F. Grundtvig, Erneuerer der dänischen Kirche
Authors: Bugge K. E.
Published: September 2020

Georg Simon: Sucher, Prediger, Dichter. Nikolai F. Grundtvig, Erneuerer der dänischen Kirche (Berlin 1965). Reviewed by Knud Eyvin Bugge.The book is divided into two main sections. The first and most copious is an account of Grundtvig’s life, unfortunately with numerous inaccuracies. The second section which offers an introduction into Grundtvig’s world of ideas— the main stress being laid on his theological and religious views—is more successful however.But the aim of the book is really to illustrate how a profound joy, resting upon the victory of Jesus Christ over sin and death, characterizes Grundtvig’s idea of Christianity. It is the hope of the author that the German Church will let itself be instructed by Grundtvig in this respect. Knowing that it was published in East Germany where the conditions of the Church may at times appear rather joyless one cannot help being moved by this ending of the book.
Registre til Grundtvig-Studier 1958-67
Authors: Albeck Gustav , Kristjánsson Inge
Published: September 2020

Registers for Grundtvig Studies 1958-67By Gustav Albeck and Inga Kristjánsson
Familiestriden i 1872-73 om N. F. S. Grundtvigs efterladte papirer
Authors: Johansen Steen
Published: September 2020

The Family Quarrel in 18J2-J 3 about the Posthumous Papers of N. S. F. GrundtvigBy Steen Johansen.Towards the end of 1872 Professor Svend Grundtvig, the son of N. F. S. Grundtvig, wrote an account, as yet unpublished, about the strained relations that arose between him and Mrs. Asta Grundtvig, his stepmother, concerning their conflicting views of the question of access, for literary and financial purposes, to the posthumous papers of Grundtvig. Certain letters supplementing the account, which is preserved in The Royal Library of Copenhagen, are also referred to in the treatise. The quarrel is followed from the middle of September 1872 to January 1873 when the parties were reconciled.Svend Grundtvig’s account is hardly impartial, but it gives a clear picture of the somewhat embarrassing course of events. Mrs. Grundtvig wanted an attorney to negotiate with Svend Grundtvig (and his full brother and sister) on all questions concerning the right of publication. She wanted to keep the ownership herself, although she was willing to leave half of the total income for equal distribution among all of Grundtvig’s children. Her attitude caused Svend Grundtvig and his brother and sister to have all of Grundtvig’s papers confiscated with legal assistance in October 1872, and (packed in boxes) the manuscripts were taken to The Royal Library! The event was followed by a change in Mrs. Grundtvig’s view of the matter, and with the possibility of a peaceful settlement the action was called off.The settlement was not quite what Svend Grundtvig might have wished, however. Mrs. Grundtvig still preferred an arbitrator to represent her in all future negotiations about the publication of the papers. For the task she chose the politician, doctor and mayor G. E. Fenger, whose role in this connection was to be of a purely formal character. In the period 1873-83 Svend Grundtvig edited a series of writings by his father, and as shown by the preserved records all negotiations and preparations in connection with their publication took place with C. E. Fenger as a constant intermediary. Svend Grundtvig’s editions are all of them marked by what seems to us a lack of familiarity with Grundtvig’s posthumous papers. The explanation is to be found in the conditions here described.
Grundtvig og Shakespeare
Authors: Bredsdorff Morten
Published: September 2020

Grundtvig and Shakespeare.By Morten Bredsdorff.Between 1829-31 Grundtvig made three journeys to England with the main purpose of studying the Anglo-Saxon manuscripts in London, Exeter, Oxford and Cambridge. The scientific results of these journeys, a better text of Beowulf and a challenge to British scholars to cultivate this field, are well known. The vivid impressions he received of a Liberal and industrialized England were, however, of far greater importance, as was his diligent reading of English literature from Chaucer to his own contemporaries Byron and Walter Scott. In his book Nordens Mythologi eller Sindbilled-Sprog (1832) Grundtvig recounts his impressions with great zest and humour. And here Shakespeare’s plays are of prime importance. Through Henrik Steffens Grundtvig had in his youth become familiar with the German romanticists’ boundless admiration for “Shakespeare’s universal genius”. But his own knowledge of Shakespeare’s text was not very extensive as he did not have any command of English and had to be content with reading A. W. Schlegel’s German translation of the great Elizabethan.In England Grundtvig immersed himself with growing enthusiasm in Shakespeare’s plays in the poet’s own language. With delight he discovers that in his famous poem on the “Sweet Swan of Avon” Ben Jonson has emphasized Shakespeare’s lack of erudition. Grundtvig here finds proof that as a son of the common people the poet has escaped the shackles of the despised Latin schooling and has given unbounded expression to the genuine spirit of the Anglo-Saxon people in his historical plays. Shakespeare now becomes an ally in the exposition of Grundtvig’s cultural policy and philosophy, according to which the peoples of northern Europe have been suppressed by classical humanism, and thus prevented from unfolding their original genius.According to Grundtvig, Shakespeare is an Anglo-Saxon genius, not in the German sense, but closely related to the Scandinavian spirit, and thus helps to illustrate the new popular cultural policy elaborated in this book.
Beretning om Grundtvig-Selskabets virksomhed 1970-71
Authors: Høirup Henning
Published: September 2020

Report on the Grundtvig Society's company 1970-1971By Henning Høirup
The Dominant Peoples in History according to Grundtvig and Hegel
Authors: Ehnevid Tord
Published: September 2020

Dominante personer i historien ifølge Grundtvig og HegelAf Tord Ehnevid
Om Grundtvigs tidsopfattelse
Authors: Michelsen William
Published: September 2020

Concerning Grundtvig's Conception of Timeby William MichelsenWith a quotation from P. G. Lindhardt as its starting-point Dr. Michelsen’s article maintains that Søren Kierkegaard and his successors misinterpreted Grundtvig’s Christian preaching because the two Christians had a different conception of time. Kierkegaard began with Kant’s theory of time as an a priori idea, whereas Grundtvig regarded time as the concrete expression of the limited existence of man and the world in contrast to God’s boundlessness. Since both Grundtvig’s and Kierkegaard’s contemporaries and successors based their philosophy and theology on Kant’s a priori idea, which Grundtvig did not accept, he has not been understood as a philosopher. There has been a tendency to regard him on the same level as the German Idealists (Schelling and Hegel), even though he broke with them in Oct. 1813 and instead built his thought on the Bible and pre-Kantian philosophy, also with regard to his conception of time. He thus accepted the Biblical idea of creation, which Kant and his successors rejected.
Nadverelementerne og billedsynet
Authors: Kallesen Leif
Published: September 2020

The Elements of the Eucharist and their Imageryby Leif KallesenThis paper is concerned with an aspect of the problem of Grundtvig’s doctrine of the relationship between spirit and flesh. The inquiry seeks to prove how, by applying his original imagery to the elements of the Eucharist, Grundtvig overcame the alternative interpretations of the Eucharist, which were wellknown from the history of dogmatics, that is - the realistic (the bread and wine are really Christ’s body and blood) and the symbolic (the elements symbolize the substance of the sacrament). This alternative goes back to the primitive Church, when Irenaeus represented the realistic interpretation and Origen the symbolic. Grundtvig knew both these interpretations and their primitive representatives, and this paper seeks to show how Grundtvig manages to rise above both sides and create his own doctrine of the Eucharist, containing the positive points of both Irenaeus and Origen. Thus Grundtvig agrees with Origen on the unique action of the Word, and from Irenaeus he has learnt to consider the visible and bodily as God’s own and blessed creation. The means to avoid both a symbolic view of the Eucharist, which in itself denies the reality of the created, and a realistic interpretation of the elements, which involuntarily ascribes a sacramental status and supernatural powers to the bread and wine, is Grundtvig’s independent imagery, which is legitimized by and justified by the theology of the Creation. The flesh is a true image of the spiritual and invisible because it is created by an everlasting and invisible God; but the bread and wine are not thereby made spiritual, and therefore they cannot have a spiritual and everlasting effect. Not until God’s Kingdom breaks out visibly will the flesh and the spirit coalesce, and then the bread and wine will realise what previously only the Word could achieve. This view of the final and definitive uniting of spirit and body gives rise to poetic utterances which remind one very much of the forms of expression connected with the realistic interpretation of the elements. In his poetry Grundtvig anticipates the definitive coalescence of spirit and body to such a degree that he can speak of bread and wine as if they already were spiritual, speak of what they will become, and of what the Word alone is up to that point, that is, the nourishment for eternal life. But the prerequisite for these apparently realistic utterances is always an imagery that sees our daily bread as a true image of the bread of life.
Til Glæde for Graad - Om V-strukturen i Grundtvigs "håbssalme"
Authors: Helweg Lise
Published: September 2020

From Tears to Joy - Concerning the V-structure in Grundtvigs ‘Hymns of Hope*by Lise HelwegThrough a presentation of different form-elements in Grundtvig’s hymn Vor Herre! til Dig maa jeg tye (Our Lord to Thee I must turn), I have attempted to show that this hymn has a three-part, symmetrical structure related to structures known from music, such as the sonata-form.It is characteristic of the sturcture of the hymn that it reflects a re-creation process, so that the First Part (v 1-5) shows man in despair, the Second Part (v 6-7) shows the re-creating power of the gospel, and the Third Part (v 8-12) shows man’s renewed song of praise.The main elements of the form are:The Correspondence between Verses v 1-2 # v 11-12: contrast, expressed through antonyms v 3 -5 ~ v 8 -1 0 : similarity, expressed through synonyms, word-repetitions, complementary sentences (intensified around the middle verses). The Evangelical Character of the Middle Verses (v6-7), which makes them the centre and the turning-point of the hymn.The Change of Tone (after the central verses) appearing as an affirmative repetition (v8-10) of a faltering assertion (v3-5), marked by words such as Da (Then) and Ja nu (But now). These elements — Correspondence between Verses (Contrast between the outlying Verse), the Middle Verse, and the Change of Tone - all of these create a V-like pattern (see p. 257), which we have called the V-Structure. The V-Structure appears in several of Grundtvig’s hymns in a similar or varied form; I shall return to this on a later occasion.
Götz Harbsmeier 1910-1979.
Authors: Thaning Kaj
Published: September 2020

Götz Harbsmeier in memorian
Vartovbogen 1975- 1976- 1977.
Authors: Christensen Th. Lyby
Published: September 2020

The Vartov-book 1975 - 1976 - 1977Reviewed by Th. Lyby Cristensen
Dansk Tidsskrift Index, 61. og 62. årgang, 1975-76
Authors: Jørgensen Aage
Published: September 2020

Dansk Tidsskrift Index, volume 61. og 62., 1975-76Reviewed by Aage Jørgensen
Årsberetning 1978-1979
Authors: Michelsen William
Published: September 2020

Report on the Grundtvig Society's company 1978-1979By William Michelsen
GRUNDTVIG. Tekstudvalg ved K. E. Bugge. Nyt Nordisk Forlag Arnold Busck, 1980
Authors: Jørgensen Aage
Published: September 2020

Selection of texts by K. E. BuggeReviewed by Aage Jørgensen
Årsberetning
Authors: Thodberg Christian
Published: September 2020

Report on the Grundtvig Society's companyBy Christian Thodberg
Mytologen Grundtvig
Authors: Elbek Jørgen
Published: September 2020

Grundtvig the MythologistBy Jørgen ElbekThe aim of this paper is to present Grundtvig’s lifelong work on Norse and Greek mythology as an attempt to illuminate intellectual and spiritual structures that elude direct description since they cannot be viewed from outside.In the light of a survey of the various trinitarian formulations which in the European tradition have been employed to denote the basic capacities of the human psyche the paper shows how Grundtvig succeeds in drawing firm lines to connect on the one hand reason, imagination and feeling (in his poetics: light energy and heat), and on the other hand the two sets of ruling gods: Odin, Tyr and Thor and Hades, Zeus and Poseidon, in addition to the cosmic elements that they represent: earth, air and water.Particular emphasis is laid upon Grundtvig’s dream of a cultural renewal in the form of a three-way mythological marriage, in which the higher psychical abilities could mate with the lower instincts and raise them to their own level, by which process the former would draw life-energy and the latter gain clarity.
Menneskets grænser
Authors: Grundtvig N. F. S.
Published: September 2020

The Limits of ManBy N. F. S. GrundtvigThe Limits of Man is a previously unpublished manuscript by Grundtvig written in German and here published in the original language together with a Danish translation by William Michelsen. It is undated, but must belong to the period 1810-20, probably 1816- 18. The starting-point is Goethe’s poem of the same title, which Grundtvig had copied into his journal at Egelykke from 1805-07; but the basis for this critique of Schelling is St John’s Gospel. The manuscript differs from Grundtvig’s others in its many corrections, most of them linguistic. It is regrettable that Grundtvig did not publicly avail himself of the German philosophical language, on grounds of principle which he explains in the periodical Danevirke (1816- 19). The manuscript is in the Grundtvig Archives at the Royal Library in Copenhagen (fasc. 168.3, 22 pages).
Fragen aus Dänemark and die Universitäten Deutcher Zunge
Authors: Grundtvig N. F. S.
Published: September 2020

Spørgsmål fra Danmark til de tysksprogede universiteterAf Grundtvig
Fortegnelse over forfatternes adresser
Authors: Albeck Gustav , Michelsen William , Schjørring Jens Holger , Toftdahl Hellmut
Published: September 2020

List of authors' adresses