bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The spatial evolution of young massive clusters
Authors: Buckner Anne S. M. , Khorrami Zeinab , González Marta , Lumsden Stuart L. , Moraux Estelle , Oudmaijer René D. , Clark Paul , Joncour Isabelle , Blanco José Manuel , de la Calle Ignacio , Hacar Álvaro , Herrera-Fernandez José M. , Motte Frédérique , Salgado Jesús , Valero-Martín Luis
Published: March 2020

Context. Better understanding of star formation in clusters with high-mass stars requires rigorous dynamical and spatial analyses of star-forming regions.

Aims. We seek to demonstrate that “INDICATE” is a powerful spatial analysis tool which when combined with kinematic data from Gaia DR2 can be used to probe star formation history in a robust way.

Methods. We compared the dynamic and spatial distributions of young stellar objects (YSOs) at various evolutionary stages in NGC 2264 using Gaia DR2 proper motion data and INDICATE.

Results. The dynamic and spatial behaviours of YSOs at different evolutionary stages are distinct. Dynamically, Class II YSOs predominately have non-random trajectories that are consistent with known substructures, whereas Class III YSOs have random trajectories with no clear expansion or contraction patterns. Spatially, there is a correlation between the evolutionary stage and source concentration: 69.4% of Class 0/I, 27.9% of Class II, and 7.7% of Class III objects are found to be clustered. The proportion of YSOs clustered with objects of the same class also follows this trend. Class 0/I objects are both found to be more tightly clustered with the general populous/objects of the same class than Class IIs and IIIs by a factor of 1.2/4.1 and 1.9/6.6, respectively. An exception to these findings is within 0.05° of S Mon where Class III objects mimic the behaviours of Class II sources across the wider cluster region. Our results suggest (i) current YSOs distributions are a result of dynamical evolution, (ii) prolonged star formation has been occurring sequentially, and (iii) stellar feedback from S Mon is causing YSOs to appear as more evolved sources.

Conclusions. Designed to provide a quantitative measure of clustering behaviours, INDICATE is a powerful tool with which to perform rigorous spatial analyses. Our findings are consistent with what is known about NGC 2264, effectively demonstrating that when combined with kinematic data from Gaia DR2 INDICATE can be used to study the star formation history of a cluster in a robust way.
Fasciola hepatica: the dispersal of cercariae shed by the snail Galba truncatula
Authors: Rondelaud Daniel , Vignoles Philippe , Dreyfuss Gilles
Published: March 2020

Field investigations in 14 wild watercress beds located in the French region of Limousin, a known endemic area for distomatosis, were performed for three years to determine the distance that cercariae of Fasciola hepatica can reach in water before their encystment on the host plant. Each bed was located on the course of an open drainage furrow, while snails (Galba truncatula) lived upstream around the emergence of a source. Five plant species were collected in early April and examined to find metacercariae. Most cysts were noted on Nasturtium officinale (188 on 48.7 kg of dripped plants), followed by Helosciadium nodiflorum (125 on 33.4 kg). On the other plant species, there were few larvae. Most cercariae encysted on the plants growing in the most upstream part of each bed, usually on the first 50 cm in length. When water in the beds was fast running, the distribution of metacercariae was more limited and their number was fewer than those in the beds fed by a slow flow of water. Cercariae were able to swim or were carried away by the current up to a mean of 5 m in slow-flow waters before encysting; this distance was only 4 m in faster waters. Plants growing on the most upstream section of a watercress bed located in a drainage furrow are the most used by cercariae for their encystment, when snails live around the emergence of a source. The speed of the water current affected the number and distribution of metacercariae in the bed.
Prophylaxe und Therapie des atherothrombotischen Schlaganfalls
Authors: Mengel Annerose , Ziemann Ulf
Published: March 2020

Derzeit wird die Therapiestrategie bei Patienten mit ACI-Stenose noch hauptsächlich durch den Stenosegrad und rezent (< 6 Monate) stattgehabter ipsilateraler TIA/zerebraler Ischämie beurteilt. Es liegen allerdings zahlreiche Studien vor, dass anhand bildgebender Biomarker stenosierende und nicht stenosierende Plaques identifiziert werden können, welche mit erhöhtem Schlaganfallrisiko einhergehen. Unter Berücksichtigung dieser Biomarker ist eine verbesserte Selektion von Patienten für medikamentöse und interventionelle Therapieverfahren voraussichtlich möglich. Konservative Therapiemaßnahmen sollten neben der Thrombozytenfunktionshemmung eine lipidsenkende Statintherapie, welche nicht nur die Plaqueprogression verhindert, sondern auch die Plaquestabilität verbessert, sowie eine leitliniengerechte Einstellung aller kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren umfassen.

Der Zusatznutzen von CEA (carotid endarterectomy) oder CAS (carotid artery stenting) gegenüber einer intensivierten medikamentösen Therapie bei Patienten mit geringem bis moderatem Schlaganfallrisiko 30 und symptomatischer bzw. asymptomatischer ACI-Stenose ist derzeit unklar. Diese Patientengruppe wird seit 2015 durch das ECST-2-Trial (ISRCTN97744893) prospektiv randomisiert untersucht. Erste Ergebnisse werden in diesem Jahr erwartet. Ebenfalls erwarten wir mit Spannung die überarbeitete S3-Leitlinie Karotisstenose, welche vor allem bei asymptomatischer ACI-Stenose anhand der beschriebenen zusätzlichen klinischen und bildmorphologischen Kriterien eine differenziertere Behandlung eröffnen wird.
Diabetische Ketoazidose
Authors: Meyhöfer Svenja , Serfling Georg , Schmid Sebastian M.
Published: March 2020

Die diabetische Ketoazidose (DKA) ist eine schwerwiegende metabolische Komplikation des Diabetes, die auf einen absoluten Insulinmangel zurückzuführen ist. Die Hyperglykämie, die metabolische Azidose und die Zunahme von zirkulierenden Ketonkörpern im Blut kennzeichnen eine DKA. Typische Auslöser sind meist eine fehlende Insulinzufuhr oder Zustände eines gesteigerten Insulinbedarfs. Zudem ist mittlerweile bekannt, dass auch Patienten mit einem Typ-2-Diabetes unter einer Therapie mit SGLT-2-Inhibitoren eine DKA erleiden können, auch ohne ausgeprägte Hyperglykämie. Moderne Krebstherapien mit Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibitoren tragen das Risiko eines immunvermittelten Diabetes, der oftmals im Rahmen einer DKA erstdiagnostiziert wird. Nicht nur die DKA an sich stellt eine lebensbedrohliche Situation dar – auch eine zu strenge oder inadäquate Behandlung der DKA kann lebensbedrohliche Komplikationen mit sich tragen. Bei zu schneller Blutzuckersenkung kann ein zerebrales Ödem auftreten. Insgesamt scheint die Prävalenz einer DKA in den letzten Jahren gestiegen zu sein. Die steigende Prävalenz sowie die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Herausforderungen machen die dringende Notwendigkeit für eindeutig definierte Strategien bei Diagnose und Behandlung für eine bessere Umsetzung deutlich.
Akutkomplikationen bei Typ-1-Diabetes im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Reschke Felix , Kordonouri Olga
Published: March 2020

Die Diagnose eines Typ 1 Diabetes mellitus stellt – trotz großer technischer und pharmakologischer Errungenschaften in der letzten Dekade – weiterhin eine sehr große Belastung für Patient, Angehörige und familiäres Umfeld dar. Neben der Diskussion hinsichtlich der optimalen Therapieführung, und Verringerung bzw. Vermeidung von Folgeschäden der Erkrankung, sind potenziell auftretende Akutkomplikationen, sowohl hypo- als auch hyperglykämischer Art, eine alltägliche Herausforderung für die Patienten. Trotz der sukzessiven Abnahme der Anzahl an diabetischen Ketoazidosen bei bekanntem Diabetes und schweren Hypoglykämien in den letzten Jahren, stellt – insbesondere im Kleinkindalter – die diabetische Ketoazidose im Rahmen der Diabetesmanifestation weiterhin ein ungelöstes Problem dar.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Complaints of Arm, Neck and Shoulder and Associated Risk Factors in Computer Office Workers
Authors: Kashif Muhammad , Anwar Mariam , Noor Hafsa , Iram Humaira , Hassan Hafiz Muhammad Junaid
Published: March 2020

Background The musculoskeletal complaints of the arm, neck and/or shoulder (CANS) affect the work-related tasks of workers who are sitting in front of the computer for an extended period of time and therefore lead to a reduction in productivity. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of CANS and associated risk factors among computer office worker.

Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among 773 computer workers working in different work settings located in Faisalabad Pakistan from January to August 2019. The questionnaires adopted in this survey study were previously used and consist of 2 parts; the first section for demographic information and the second part consists of the the Masstricht Upper Extremity Questionnaire (MUEQ) that was used to determine the prevalence of CANS.

Results Of the 773 participants, 327 (42%) had shoulder pain, followed by neck pain 270 (35%), and the prevalence of pain in the upper arm and lower arm was 129 (17%) and 80 (10%), respectively. Those absent due to musculoskeletal problems were only 80 (10%). Females have reported overall more complaints 65% in upper extremity during the past years than male i. e. 56%. The study showed that there was a significant relationship between pain and age (years) (P=0.024), pain and work posture (P<0.001), and pain and work setting (P=0.009).

Conclusion The study concluded that CANs are prevalent in office workers, predominantly among women, and that risk factors closely related to CANS are age, work setting and sitting posture.
Extinguishing Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome: Pipe Dream or Reality?
Authors: Payne Eric T. , Koh Sookyong , Wirrell Elaine C.
Published: March 2020

Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a rare and devastating epileptic encephalopathy with historically abysmal neurocognitive outcomes, including a high incidence of mortality. It tends to affect children and young adults and is characterized by superrefractory status epilepticus following a recent febrile illness. Growing evidence suggests a heterogeneous etiology resulting in fulminant nonantibody-mediated neuroinflammation. For some children with FIRES, this aberrant neuroinflammation appears secondary to a functional deficiency in the endogenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. A precise etiology has not been identified in all FIRES patients, and current treatments are not always successful. Limited treatment evidence exists to guide choice, dosing, and duration of therapies. However, the ketogenic diet and certain targeted immunomodulatory treatments, including anakinra, appear safe and have been associated with relatively excellent clinical outcomes in some FIRES patients. Future prospective multicenter collaborative studies are needed to further delineate the FIRES heterogeneous disease pathophysiology and to determine the safety and efficacy of treatment strategies through a robust measurement of neurocognitive outcomes.
Ready for global success? Strengths and weaknesses of Korean HRM
Authors: Froese Fabian Jintae
Published: March 2020

Fueled by a highly dedicated and highly skilled workforce, South Korea (henceforth Korea) has enjoyed tremendous economic growth and developed numerous successful global companies. In the past, Korean companies benchmarked Japanese and US HR practices. However, Korean companies are now at the crossroads, facing slowing economic growth rates, an aging population, changing gender roles, and an increase in foreign employees. This article reviews the strengths and weaknesses of Korean HRM and presents some tentative recommendations how Korean companies can respond to these challenges. If Korean companies intend to continue their global success, they are recommended to adapt their staffing strategy, organizational culture, and corporate language policies to embrace an increasingly diverse workforce.
Detection of mixing ratio of binary-mixture particles based on a principle of magnetic separation conducted in a microgravity area
Authors: Yamaguchi Wakana , Hisayoshi Keiji , Hitomi Masaru , Uyeda Chiaki , Terada Kentaro
Published: March 2020

Translation of binary-mixture particles composed of solid CO2 and graphite were observed in an area of static magnetic-field that monotonically decreased in one direction, and magnetic susceptibility χmix of individual particle was determined from the observed relationship between translating velocity and field intensity. Using the variance of χmix value, mixing ratio f of graphite was speedily estimated without consuming the particle; here published χ values of solid CO2 and graphite were used in the estimation, and mass measurement of particle was unnecessary. In the experiment, the translated particles were quietly released in an area of microgravity produced by a short shaft with a height of 180 m (duration< 0.5 s), and the magnetic field was supplied by a pair of small Nd magnetic plate. The detection of f was based on a principle which realized magnetic separation of ordinary diamagnetic and paramagnetic particles at low field intensity. The experimental results confirm the efficiency of the energy conservation law proposed for the field-induced translation at a reduced temperature of T∼200 K. By improving the present apparatus, binary-mixture particles can be magnetically separated according to the sequence of their f value, and a histogram of f is speedily obtained from the population of separated particles. Such histogram will provide direct information to estimate the formation process of the binary-mixture particles, especially in various onsite missions on the terrestrial surface as well in the outer solar system.
Defect-driven conductivity behavior in lead-free KNN-based ceramics
Authors: Li Ruichen , Tan Bo , Zheng Ting , Wu Jiagang
Published: March 2020

Defect-driven properties of lead-free piezoelectric materials have become the focus of research as a result of in-depth investigations into such materials. Here, we pay special attention to the conductivity mechanism of 0.91K0.5Na0.5NbO3–0.05Ag1 − xNaxSbO3–0.04Bi0.5Na0.5ZrO3 ceramics. The charge carrier concentration induced by defects, which exerts an effect on conductivity, displays different mechanisms under different temperatures. By analyzing the energy band diagram, we identify the carriers to be oxygen vacancy and electron, which are related to the dielectric relaxation. In addition, by means of comparison between the Fermi level and the donor ionization level, we find that parts of oxygen vacancies are single-ionized in the low temperature region and this is attributed to the Fermi level approaching the first ionization energy of oxygen vacancies, while the ionized electrons emanate from approximately the first ionization and from a part of the second ionization in the high temperature region due to the Fermi level being far below the first ionization energy of oxygen vacancies and close to the second ionization energy. We hope that the analysis of the defect and origin of ionized electrons will help to further enhance the electrical properties in K0.5Na0.5NbO3-based ceramics.
A multireference coupled-electron pair approximation combined with complete-active space perturbation theory in local pair-natural orbital framework
Authors: Saitow Masaaki , Yanai Takeshi
Published: March 2020

The Complete-Active Space Second-order Perturbation Theory (CASPT2) has been one of the most widely-used methods for reliably calculating electronic structures of multireference systems. Because of its lowest level treatment of dynamic correlation, it has a high computational feasibility; however, its accuracy in some cases falls short of needs. Here, as a simple yet higher-order alternative, we introduce a hybrid theory of the CASPT2 and a multireference variant of the Coupled-Electron Pair Approximation (CEPA), which is a class of high level correlation theory. A central feature of our theory (CEPT2) is to use the two underlying theories for describing different divisions of correlation components based on the full internal contraction framework. The external components, which usually give a major contribution to the dynamic correlation, are intensively described using the CEPA Ansatz, while the rests are treated at the CASPT2 level. Furthermore, to drastically reduce the computational demands, we have incorporated the pair-natural orbital (PNO) method into our multireference implementations. This development, thus, requires highly complex derivations and coding, while it has been largely facilitated with an automatic expression and code generation technique. To highlight the accuracy of the CEPT2 approach and to assess the errors caused by the PNO truncation, benchmark calculations are shown on small- to medium-size molecules, illustrating the high accuracy of the present CEPT2 model. By tightening the truncation thresholds, the PNO-CEPT2 energy converges toward the canonical counterpart and is more accurate than that of PNO-CASPT2 as long as the same truncation thresholds are used.
Two-dimensional electron gas at the AlGaN/GaN interface: Layer thickness dependence
Authors: Popok Vladimir N. , Caban Piotr A. , Michalowski Pawel Piotr , Thorpe Ryan , Feldman Leonard C. , Pedersen Kjeld
Published: March 2020

In the current paper, the structure and properties of AlGaN/GaN interfaces are studied, explaining the role of AlGaN layer thickness on the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) formation. It is found that the generation of a continuous electron gas requires AlGaN films with stable stoichiometry, which can be reached only above a certain critical thickness, ≈6–7 nm in our case (20 at. % Al content). Thinner films are significantly affected by oxidation, which causes composition variations and structural imperfections leading to an inhomogeneity of the polarization field and, as a consequence, of the electron density across the interface. Using Kelvin probe force microscopy, this inhomogeneity can be visualized as variations of the surface potential on the sub-micrometer scale. For heterostructures with layer thickness above the critical value, the surface potential maps become homogeneous, reflecting a weakening influence of the oxidation on the interface electronic properties. The 2DEG formation is confirmed by the Hall measurements for these heterostructures.
Electron-beam irradiation alters bond strength in zinc oxide single crystal
Authors: Hirakata Hiroyuki , Sano Kyohei , Shimada Takahiro
Published: March 2020

Real-time control of material properties is challenging yet promising for material design and technological applications. Here, we experimentally demonstrated that the strength of a ZnO single crystal could be altered and restored by the rapid response to the switch-on/off of an electron beam. The effect of electron-beam irradiation on the strength of a ZnO single crystal in the presence and absence of irradiation through scanning electron microscopy was investigated. The electron-beam irradiation significantly decreased the ZnO shear strength, but halting the irradiation restored the strength. A first-principles analysis indicated that the ideal shear strength was decreased by hole doping. Our results implied that the change in strength was due to a decrease in the bond strength caused by the presence of holes, thereby suggesting that material strength can be rewritten by controlling the excess electrons/holes.
Account of non-Condon effects in time-independent Raman wavefunction theory: Calculation of the S1 ← S vibronic absorption spectrum of formaldehyde
Authors: Petrenko Taras , Rauhut Guntram
Published: March 2020

The time-independent eigenstate-free Raman wavefunction approach for calculating anharmonic vibronic spectra has been extended for the calculation of Herzberg–Teller contributions on the basis of an n-mode expansion of the transition electric dipole moment surface. This allows for the efficient simulation of Franck–Condon dark vibronic spectra. In addition, vibrational angular momentum terms have been implemented into this formalism, as they are important for an accurate description of vibrational wavefunctions spanning double-well potentials. This approach has been used to compute the FC-forbidden vibronic spectrum of the n → π* transition of formaldehyde based on a potential energy and transition dipole moment surfaces obtained from explicitly correlated multi-reference configuration interaction calculations. An extensive analysis of the resulting vibronic structure is provided, which allows for a detailed assignment and interpretation of the experimental spectrum.
Understanding attenuated solvent reorganization energies near electrode interfaces
Authors: Limaye Aditya M. , Ding Wendu , Willard Adam P.
Published: March 2020

In this manuscript, we examine the role of image charge effects on the electrostatic potential fluctuations experienced by ionic species in the vicinity of an electrode surface. We combine simulation and theory to quantify these fluctuations and how they vary with distance from the electrode surface. We observe that the potential distribution narrows significantly for species within a few electrolyte screening lengths of the electrode. We attribute this narrowing to the effects of image charge fluctuations originating from the polarization response of the electrode. We show that the physical consequences of these image charge effects can be captured in the context of a simple analytical field theory with anti-symmetric boundary conditions. We contextualize these results by discussing their implications for rates of Marcus-like outer-sphere interfacial electron transfer.
Feed bunk management effects steer performance and behaviour
Authors: Della Rosa M. M. , Toffaletti J. R. , Aello M. S. , Burges J. C.
Published: March 2020

Animal performance and behaviour in fattening steers using ad libitum or restricted feed-bunk management were evaluated. High store-capacity self-feeders with weekly recharge were used in ad libitum management (ADLIB), while manual twice-a-day delivery was used in restricted management (REST). Twenty-four steers were allotted to 12 pens and fed with a high corn-grain diet without roughage, and randomly assigned to one of the treatments. Animal behaviour was recorded every 5 min throughout 24 h for 3 days. No bunk-management effect was evident in bodyweight (P ≥ 0.95) or average daily gain (P = 0.91). Even though ADLIB resulted in higher dry-matter intake (P = 0.03), the animals spent less time per day eating feed than did those under REST (P < 0.01), with more eating sessions per day (P = 0.02), which were shorter (P = 0.06). Rumination time was greater (P = 0.07) under ADLIB than under REST, while the opposite was observed for time spent eating (P < 0.01). Resting time was longer in animals under ADLIB (P = 0.02), with more sessions per day (P = 0.06), than under REST. In conclusion, the two feed-bunk managements evaluated had no negative implications either for animal performance or behaviour.
Potential of CIELAB colour scores to gauge the quality of sorghum as a feed grain for chicken-meat production
Authors: Hughes Robert J. , Khoddami Ali , Chrystal Peter V. , Crawford Adam P. , Liu Sonia Y. , Selle Peter H.
Published: March 2020

Context
Cereal grains used by the poultry industry in Australia vary widely in available energy and protein content, which is often reflected as variation in bird performance. Rapid or real-time techniques for measuring the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) content of cereal grains for birds include near infrared spectroscopy, rapid visco-analysis starch pasting profiles and colour analysis.

Aims
This study involved retrospective colour analysis of Australian sorghum samples reported in recent publications, and sorghum samples used in commercial production of chicken meat in Australia. The main objective was to develop regression models as tools to predict AME values for sorghum from colour analysis of the grain for timely assistance to nutritionists formulating commercial diets and purchasing sorghum grain.

Methods
Stepwise regression analysis was used to correlate AME values for 18 samples of red, yellow and white sorghum with their CIELAB colour variables L*, a* and b*, which indicate lightness (from black to white), green-red component and blue-yellow component, respectively. The model was then used to predict AME values for sorghum in previously reported studies.

Key results
The multivariate model AMEsorghum (MJ/kg DM) = 31.139 – 0.189 L* – 0.604 a* + 0.189 b* (P = 0.0021, R2 = 0.638) was shown to predict AME of red sorghum samples to within an average difference of 0.67 MJ/kg DM in one published study. The sorghum sample showing the largest difference contained kafirin 61.5 g/kg. Data from another published study indicated larger differences (0.93 MJ/kg DM) between predicted and measured values for sorghum. The largest difference of 1.41 MJ/kg DM was observed for a sample of white sorghum containing the lowest concentrations of kafirin (41.4 g/kg), phytate (4.93 g/kg) and total phenolics (3.00 mg GAE/g).

Conclusions
CIELAB colour analysis has potential as a rapid, inexpensive indicator of AME values for sorghum as a feed grain for chicken-meat production, but high concentrations of antinutritive components, such as kafirin, detract from this potential.

Implications
A rapid, inexpensive indicator of kafirin, such as near infrared, is required to complement CIELAB colour analysis.
Mapping Out the Diversity of Lanthanide(III) Coordination Complexes Involving p-Sulfonatocalix[4,6]arenes
Authors: Ling Irene , Makha Mohamed , Sobolev Alexandre N. , Alias Yatimah , Raston Colin L.
Published: March 2020

Structurally authenticated complexes of the cone-shaped p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene and conformationally flexible p-sulfonatocalix[6]arene devoid of co-ligands/ancillary molecules are limited. Early and late members of the lanthanide series as their trivalent ions, La3+, Er3+, and Yb3+, form complexes from aqueous media under these conditions. For La3+ and Er3+, distinct hydrophobic and hydrophilic bilayers are formed with p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene, whereas for Yb3+, two complexes form that deviate from the well-known bilayer arrangement of calixarenes. Replacing the calixarene with p-sulfonatocalix[6]arene results in a hydrogen-bonded network with alternating hydrophobic–hydrophilic layers associated with primary coordination of Yb3+, with the larger macrocyclic calixarene in a partial cone conformation.
Patterns of invertebrate emergence and succession in flooded wetland mesocosms
Authors: Growns I. , Lewis S. , Ryder D. , Tsoi W. , Vincent B.
Published: March 2020

Floodplain wetlands are some of the most productive ecosystems available to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. However, regulation of lowland rivers can disrupt ecological processes occurring in the river–floodplain ecosystems, and environmental water can be delivered to affected wetlands to maintain productivity. It is not well understood at what stage following inundation there would be sufficient invertebrate biomass and large-sized individuals to support production and reproduction of secondary consumers. In this study we follow changes in the abundances of invertebrates after wetting in three mesocosm trials using soil from two wetlands from the north of the Murray–Darling Basin over 6-week periods. Peak abundances generally occurred in either the fifth or sixth weeks, but abundances were high after 2–3 weeks. Our results suggest that inundation of wetlands using environmental watering can achieve high productivity within a short time frame, within weeks. However, how quickly the high productivity is passed on to second-order consumers remains unclear and should be an area of future research.
Pharmacy On-Site Overdose Protocols and Prevention of Overdose
Authors: Green Traci C. , Soipe Ayorinde , Baloy Brianna , Burstein Dina , Xuan Ziming , Tapper Abigail , Walley Alexander Y. , Case Patricia , Bratberg Jeffrey , Baird Janette
Published: March 2020

Background

Opioid overdose is a preventable injury leading to high morbidity and premature mortality in communities across the United States. Overdoses take place where people use drugs, including commercial and public locations like community pharmacies, and necessitate swift detection and response to avoid harm and, even more seriously, death. The presence of emergency and safety protocols improves occupational health and safety for all in the workplace. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of experience with on-site pharmacy overdose and to explore pharmacist and site characteristics associated with having a known protocol for responding to on-site overdose emergencies.

Methods

An anonymous, online survey about naloxone provision and opioid safety was delivered by email, through professional pharmacy associations and continuing education attendance lists, to 3,100 pharmacists in Massachusetts and Rhode Island between October 2017 and January 2018. Survey items gauged socio-demographics, practice site characteristics, safer opioid dispensing and naloxone provision. Summary statistics and bivariate analyses were conducted to describe characteristics associated with items pertaining to on-site overdose policy awareness.

Results

Of the 357 respondents (11.5% response rate), 154 (5.0%) answered the questions of interest: 17.5% reported having at least one suspected overdose on-site at their practice location, while 42.9% reported that they were knowledgeable about and could locate at their practice location an on-site overdose protocol detailing how to respond to an overdose. Pharmacists who were knowledgeable about protocols were also more likely to offer naloxone to patients ( p = 0.02) and did not practice at a chain pharmacy ( p = 0.01).

Conclusions

Community pharmacies that stock and distribute naloxone are key parts of community efforts to address the opioid crisis. Pharmacies and other healthcare settings should develop and implement on-site overdose response protocols and cultivate a norm of naloxone provision to patients.
Single GaAs nanowire based photodetector fabricated by dielectrophoresis
Authors: García Núñez Carlos , Braña Alejandro F , López Nair , Pau José L , García Basilio J
Published: March 2020

Mechanical manipulation of nanowires (NWs) for their integration in electronics is still problematic because of their reduced dimensions, risking to produce mechanical damage to the NW structure and electronic properties during the assembly process. In this regard, contactless NW manipulation based methods using non-uniform electric fields, like dielectrophoresis (DEP) are usually much softer than mechanical methods, offering a less destructive alternative for integrating nanostructures in electronic devices. Here, we report a feasible and reproducible dielectrophoretic method to assemble single GaAs NWs (with radius 35–50 nm, and lengths 3–5 μm) on conductive electrodes layout with assembly yields above 90% per site, and alignment yields of 95%. The electrical characteristics of the dielectrophoretic contact formed between a GaAs NW and conductive electrodes have been measured, observing Schottky barrier like contacts. Our results also show the fast fabrication of diodes with rectifying characteristics due to the formation of a low-resistance contact between the Ga catalytic droplet at the tip of the NW when using Al doped ZnO as electrode. The current-voltage characteristics of a single Ga-terminated GaAs NW measured in dark and under illumination exhibit a strong sensitivity to visible light under forward bias conditions (around two orders of magnitude), mainly produced by a change on the series resistance of the device.
The Effect of Plectranthus amboinicus Lour Spreng Ethanolic Extract on Relative Organ, Body Weights Changes, and Hematology Profile in Wistar Rats Treated with 7,12Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
Authors: Silitonga M , Gultom E S , Nugrahalia M
Published: March 2020

This study aims to examine the protective properties of ethanol extract Plectranthus amboinicus (EEP) leaves on body weight gain, the relative weight of liver, kidney, lung, spleen, thymus and haematological profile of rats induced by 7,12Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). Used 25 female rats, divided into five groups namely NC (given Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 1%), PC (given DMBA 20 mg/kg body weight), T1, T2, and T3 were each given DMBA 20 mg/kg body weight once every four days for 32 days and EEP 175, 350, and 700 mg/kg body weight given every day from day 33 to 59. Both the DMBA and EEP are given orally using a gastric gavage. On day 60, rats were killed by neck dislocation, bood collected in EDTA tubes for hematological analysis, rats are dissected to obtain liver, kidney, lung, thymus, and spleen organs. Data were analyzed with one way Analisys of varians (ANOVA). The results of this study indicate that EEP in T1, T2 and T3 treatments has no effect on weight loss compared to PC. There was no effect of EEP on the relative weight of the liver, kidneys, spleen, thymus and lungs. EEP increased the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets in rats that had DMBA
Hepatoprotective effects of beetroot juice at maximum physical activity
Authors: Sinaga F A , Hasibuan R , Risfandi M , Sinaga R N
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the protective effects of beetroot juice treatment on hepatic oxidative stress at maximum physical activity. This type of research is an experimental study with a randomized control group pretest-posttest design research. The study was conducted at the Universitas Negeri Medan Stadium and Universitas Sumatera Utara Faculty of Medicine Laboratory. The sample was 30 students of Sports Science who met the criteria. The Pretest is done by checking the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde. Furthermore the sample was divided into 2 groups (P1 = 15, P2 = 15). During the 30-day training program, the P1 group was given 250 ml beetroot juice once a day, whereas P2 was given as a control. Then all samples performed a maximal physical activity using a bleep test, and again examined levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde. The results showed beetroot juice could reduce levels of malondialdehyde, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase at maximum physical activity.
Effect of Mangosteen Peel Supplementation on Erythrocytes and Hemoglobin in Male Students after Heavy Physical Exercise
Authors: Sinaga R N , Zulaini  , Jumadin IP
Published: March 2020

Oxidative stress due to heavy physical exercise can cause damage to the cell body of one of several erythrocytes and hemoglobin. Natural antioxidant consumption is a way to overcome the effect of oxidative stress. One of the natural antioxidants is mangosteen peel with high content of antioxidants. The aim of this study is to understand the effect of mangosteen peels on erythrocytes and hemoglobin in male students after heavy physical exercise. This is a true experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design with 21 male students which were divided into two groups. The first group was given placebo while the other groups were given mangosteen peels supplementation with dosage of 550 mg for two weeks. Physical exercise with an intensity of 75%-85% using a treadmill is done three times a week for all groups. Erythrocytes and hemoglobin were measured before and after treatment. Erythrocytes levels decreased significantly in the control group and increased insignificantly in the treatment group. Hemoglobin levels decreased significantly in the control group and increased significantly in the treatment group. From this study, it can be concluded that mangosteen peel supplementation acts as antioxidant to erythrocytes and hemoglobin in male students after heavy physical exercise.
A New Record Mycoheterotrophic Plant in Bukit Barisan Grand Forest Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Handayani D , Rezeqi S , Sari W D P , Ritonga Y E , Prakasa H
Published: March 2020

Mycoheterotrophic plants are unique plants because these plants do not have leaves (chlorophyll) and get their nutrients from a symbiotic relationship with fungi. In some recent literature, Mycoheterotrophic can be also called holomycotrophic plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the mycoheterotrophic plant species in the Bukit Barisan Grand Forest Park, North Sumatra. The purpose of this research is to know the type of mycoheterotrophic plant in Bukit Barisan Grand Forest Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia. This research was conducted in August 2019 in Bukit Barisan Grand Forest Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia. In conducting plant sampling the method used is the exploration or roaming method. Identification of mycoheterotrophic plants based on morphological characteristics in the form of habitus, stems, flowers, roots and matched using literature then lists the species of mycoheterotrophic plants presented in this study consisting of scientific names, synonyms, descriptions, distributions, ecological information. The results of field exploration found 3 species in two mycoheterotrophic plant families, Burmaniaceae and Orchidaceae. The Burmaniaceae family consists of 1 type of Burmannia lutescens Becc. While the Orchidaceae family consists of two species, among others, the Epipogium roseum (D. Don) Lindl. and Gastrodia siamensis Rolfe ex Downie. 3 mycoheterotrophic plants became a new record for the Forest Park of Bukit Barisan Sumatra Utara because previously there was no data on the plant.
The Development Of Best Practice Handbook Learning Strategy Based On Flip Book To Support Blended Learning Processes
Authors: Simatupang H , Purnama D , Simatupang Z
Published: March 2020

This research aims to: 1) Produce teaching material best practice handbook by implementing the use of Flipbook application as a teaching and learning strategy, validated in the viewpoints of material and learning design; 2) To investigate the effectiveness of using best practice handbook as a teaching material with the implementation of Flipbook application as a teaching and learning strategy. The sample of this study includes Universitas Negeri Medan biology students 2019/2020 in their odd semester currently taking teaching and learning strategy course. The type of Research and Development research is a developed model using ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The results of this study indicate that the value of eligibility by material acquisition experts is 86.21% that very decent criteria and the feasibility value by learning experts is 82.5% that feasible criteria. The effectiveness of teaching materials test was obtained 62.4% that adequately effective category. It can be concluded that the development of teaching materials for handbook best practice using Flipbook strategy course applications is suitable to use in teaching and learning strategies.
The Effect of Nutrition Knowledge on Nutritional Status in Sport Science Students
Authors: Siregar N S , Harahap N S , Sinaga R N , Affandi A
Published: March 2020

The knowledge may vary to eating behavior which contributes to nutritional status and performance. Therefore, this study aims to know the relationship between nutrition knowledge and the nutritional status of students in the Sport Science Faculty of Universitas Negeri Medan. The study used a cross-sectional research design. Samples were 27 students in Sports Science. Nutritional knowledge was collected by using the Sport Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (SNKQ). Body mass index (BMI) was measured by anthropometry. Data analysis was descriptive and regression analysis. On average, nutrition knowledge score was in poor category whereas the knowledge of a balanced diet was in the good category. Meanwhile, the knowledge of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals was in poor category. Whereas water knowledge was in sufficient category. The result shows that 81.5% students have got normal BMI, while 14.5% and 3.7% are in overweight and underweight. The result of regression test shows r = 0.580 with p 0.004<0.005, which means that nutrition knowledge influences nutritional status.
Development of Teaching Materials Based “Activity or Resources” At Sipda Unimed to Enhance Students Learning Behavior
Authors: Darari Muhammad Badzlan , Firdaus Muliawan
Published: March 2020

State University of Medan (red-Unimed) has provided Learning Management System (LMS) for lecturers and students namely Sistem Pembelajaran Daring (Online Learning System) that is abbreviated Sipda. But before using Sipda, lecturers must prepare teaching materials and provide appropriate learning resources. Objectives of this study were to describe the effectiveness of teaching materials based "Activity or Resources" at Sipda Unimed in the mathematics education study program and also to describe changes in learning behavior of students in mathematics education study programs using teaching materials based "Activity or Resources" at Sipda Unimed. This study used Research and Development design with 4-D model. The subjects of this study were students of mathematics education at their third semester who are taking multivariable calculus course. Result of teaching materials validation scaled one to four score showed the average is 3,78. Result of response questionnaire scaled one to four score showed the average is 3,72. Result of learning behavior scaled one to four score showed the average is 3,82. Result of analysis data showed that teaching materials based on "Activity or Resources" on Sipda Unimed are effectively used and have an impact on enhance students learning behavior
Analysis of Calculus Learning Beliefs and Students’ Understanding about Limit of Functions: A Case Study
Authors: Usman  , Bambang RM , Hasbi S, M. , Mardhiah MZ
Published: March 2020

Belief is an individual construction result based on learning experiences. This study aimed to describe students’ calculus learning beliefs and its relations with an understanding of solving limit of functions problems. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach. The subjects of this research were two Mathematics education students of Syiah Kuala University. The data collected by giving calculus learning belief questionnaire, the limit of functions understanding test, and interview guidelines. The data were analyzed by displaying data, analyzing, interpreting, and concluding. The result showed that both students who had high-beliefs in calculus learning were able to solve the limit of functions problems by using concepts, principles, and procedures.
Characterization, Phytochemical Screenings and Antioxidant Activity Test of Kratom Leaf Ethanol Extract (Mitragyna speciosa Korth) Using DPPH Method
Authors: Yuniarti R , Nadia S , Alamanda A , Zubir M , Syahputra R A , Nizam M
Published: March 2020

Antioxidants are compounds that have an important role in health because they can be used as anti-toxic molecules in the body which are the cause of various diseases. One of the plants that have antioxidant content is kratom (MitragynaspeciosaKorth). The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of kratom leaf ethanol extract by using the DPPH trapping method. Exploration of kratom leaf samples was carried out by maceration using ethanol 96%, macerate was evaporated with a rotary evaporator, phytochemical screening of kratom leaf ethanol extract and antioxidant testing of DPPH as Free radical. Result of Simplisia Characterization of kratom leaves containing water, air soluble extract contents, ethanol-soluble extract levels, total ash content, and acid insoluble ash content sequentially as follows: 6.65; 18.01; 9.45; 7.14; and 1.06%. Phytochemical Screening results containing kratom leaf ethanol extract containing chemical composition: alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids/steroids, saponins, and tannins. The results of antioxidant activity testing showed that ethanol extract had an IC50 value of 38.56 μg / ml. The results showed that the ethanol extract of kratom leaves had antioxidant activity in a very strong category.
A Comparison of The Fuzzy Time Series Methods of Chen, Cheng and Markov Chain in Predicting Rainfall in Medan
Authors: Arnita  , Afnisah N , Marpaung F
Published: March 2020

Medan has a high rainfall variability. The amount of rainfall affects the welfare of life such as in the fields of health, economy, agriculture, industry, transportation, tourism and so on. To find out changes in rainfall patterns, a prediction of rainfall levels is designed to see and analyze the rainfall patterns that will form in the future. Forecasting is the art and science of predicting future events by taking historical data and projecting it into the future by using some form of mathematical model. One of the methods used to predict an event is the fuzzy time series method. Fuzzy time series is a concept that can be used to predict problems where historical data is formed in linguistic values. While the latest data as a result are in the form of real numbers. The purpose of this research is to implement the fuzzy time series method to predict rainfall in Medan by comparing several developments of the fuzzy time series method, namely Fuzzy Time Series Chen, Markov Chain and Cheng. In determining the interval in the Fuzzy time series Avergae Based rules are used to get the best results. In this study the result is MAPE value of each method. Chen’s method give MAPE=8.002%, Markov chain’s method give MAPE=30.12% and cheng’s method give MAPE=34.5 %. So the best method for forecasting rainfall is Chen Method.
Study on Daily Activity Pattern of Captive Lion (Panthera leo) in Siantar Zoo, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Siahaan D A S , Berliani K , Hartanto A , Tanjung H M M , Nurbayti
Published: March 2020

The present study investigated diurnal or daily activity patterns of an individual captive lion(Panthera leo)in Siantar Zoo, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Behavioral observations of 70 hours in 10-days observation were analyzed descriptively for common Felidae behaviors identified using a standardized Felidae ethogram. The methodology used was focal animal sampling with continuous sampling of data record or 5-minute sampling periods. We reported that the captive lion allocated the most time budgets in inactive behavior or sleeping with the percentage of 62.88% or 2,604 minutes. Incidence of pacing as stereotypic behavior was documented in low percentage or 4.46% within the duration of or 189 minutes in our study. The dominant sleeping behavior may be considered as normal to captive Felidae in many zoos while some consideration upon their effect to visitor may be evaluated in the future study. Dynamic condition of display cage may be enriched to trigger better behavior related to welfare implications on the captive lion.