bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental Impact Assessment of Captive Power Plant Using LCA for Sustainable Development
Authors: Dangayach Govind Sharan , Gaurav Gaurav , Gupta Sumit
Published: October 2021

The capacity of captive power plants has grown at a high rate in India in the recent past. As a result, harmful emissions have increased that need to be accounted for the overall sustainability of the parent plant. The aim of this research work is to quantify the environmental impact which is associated with the captive power plant usage through life cycle assessment approach. In the present study, Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is adopted from gate to grave system boundary. LCA of the CPP was conducted to assess the actual effect of power plant on the environment. The GaBi 6.4 software was used to analyze the energy input and emissions of harmful gases in the CPP. The study suggests that the Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) created by the power plant is high and should be reduced.
A Study on Improved Deep Learning Structure Based on DenseNet
Authors: Yun Sang-Kwon , Kwon Hye Jeong , Kim Jongbae
Published: October 2021

The existing image-related deep learning research methods are conducted through algorithms based on feature identification and association, but there are limits to their accuracy and reliability. These methods are inefficient for artificial neural networks to extract features and learn because of the loss of spatial information in the process of removing background and flattening images and have a limit on increasing accuracy and reliability. The deep learning algorithm applied in this study was based on the DenseNet neural network which is recently the best in performance and accuracy, and its architecture was improved with a focus on increasing the learning performance. As a result of the experiment, both speed and accuracy of learning data were more increased than the existing DenseNet architecture, which means to diagnose more images than the existing methods within the same amount of time.
A Conceptual Framework for Intention to Use Travel Apps
Authors: Gharaibeh Malik Khlaif , Gharaibeh Natheer Khlaif
Published: October 2021

This exploratory study aims to investigate the intention to use mobile travel applications in Jordan. 7 predictors in this study have been carefully selected from previous studies conducted to date in the tourism context, and more specifically in the context of mobile travel applications. The SmartPLS version 3.0 was used to assess 14 hypotheses using 500 surveys. Results show a positive relationship of intention to use mobile travel applications from 6 constructs including aesthetics, trust, facilitating conditions, financial benefits, perceived usefulness, and perceived enjoyment. In contrast, word of mouth has no effect on the intention to use. This research provides some valuable implications for both apps developers and travel-related companies. Besides, Government agencies can benefit from the results of this study when providing mobile application services and distributing information to customers. The results also contribute to understanding the emerging market of mobile travel applications, further the proposed framework can be utilized in future studies as a baseline model
Developing a Commercial Ethics Framework for Analysing Marketing Campaigns
Authors: Santos Vasco Ribeiro , Vitorino Tiago Ferreira , Dias Álvaro Lopes , Martinho Domingos , Sousa Bruno Barbosa
Published: October 2021

This study integrates the relationship of business ethics in marketing campaigns and the importance of the repercussion on organizational performance with the aim of creating a guide of business ethics in marketing campaigns for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This guide allows SMEs to analyse their ethical dimension as well as to raise awareness and instill commercial ethics actions in the marketing campaigns common practice in organisations. The qualitative methodology has been applied and the proposed theoretical model uses a set of dimensions of ethics, commercial ethics, codes of conduct, marketing, and marketing campaigns to analyse the relationship of commercial ethics with marketing campaigns and its influence on organisations. The result demonstrates the influence of commercial ethics on advertising actions, when applied positively, enables and promotes the brand image, thus contributing to the organizational performance.
Social Media Competitive Analysis and Text Mining
Authors: Guo Miao
Published: October 2021

As more Americans use Facebook as one of their primary sources of news consumption, television broadcasters have increasingly added this social media platform in their distribution strategies for program optimization and audience engagement. Within a local market, media outlets not only need to monitor and analyze their own social media content and online audience behavior but also their competitors to increase competitive advantage. This study proposes a social media competitive analysis framework with three aspects: social media utilization, social media content strategy, and social media news engagement. By applying the analytics framework, this study examines the dynamic Facebook competition among five local television stations within a designated market area (DMA) in the U.S. The results show two divergent social media deployment patterns among these five local television broadcasters. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed to help media organizations develop their own social media strategies and gain competitive advantages over their opponents.
Sex difference in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection
Authors: Abdelwahab Heba Wagih , Shaltout Shaker Wagih , Fouda Ahmed Mohamed , Ali Raed Elmetwally , Shalaby Nesrein M. , Elhoseiny Fatma , Farrag Nesrine Saad , Ehab Ahmed
Published: October 2021

The pandemic of COVID-19 infection is rapidly progressing to one of the most severe threats to human health. The different responses of the immune system in females and males to a range of infectious and inflammatory stimuli were investigated. We aimed to explore the association of sex with the course of infection among the hospitalized COVID-19 patients. This Comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on RT- PCR positive COVID-19 patients. Severe and critical patients who required hospital or ICU admission were included in the study. The total number of patients was 150 (75 males and 75 females) with mean age of 57Y±14.7. There was a statistical significance in age between both groups [mean ± SD: males 60.5 (12.2), females 54 (15.3) (p=0:0.007)]. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic kidney disease and ischemic heart disease was higher among males but without statistical significance. Consolidation was significantly more prevalent in female group (85.3% vs 61.3% in male group). The need of mechanical ventilation was higher in men, but with no statistical significance (44% Vs 32%, p=0.302). Also, mortality rate was higher (48%) in males than in females (37.3%), but with no statistical significance (p=0.262). During the COVID-19 infection, the risk factors of severe disease and progression to the need of mechanical ventilation support in addition to mortality rate are more prevalent among males. However, radiological patterns apart from consolidation, distribution of radiological abnormalities and CT severity score in both groups did not show significant sex difference.
Imaging the “Windeby Child”
Authors: Gill-Robinson Heather , Allard Travis T.
Published: October 2021

During conservation, the skeletal material was removed from the Windeby Child, a bog body from northern Germany. As part of a recent project to completely re-examine six bog bodies from the Archäologisches Landesmuseum, Schloss Gottorf, Schleswig Germany, the skull of the Windeby Child was scanned using Multislice Computed Tomography (MSCT). The images were then examined for diagnostic and reconstructive purposes using both Mimics 7.3 and 3DDoctor. This paper will explore the use of both software products for threedimensional reconstruction, using the images of the skull of the Windeby Child.
Diseases and therapies in ancient Egypt: what can mummies and other human remains tell us?
Authors: Bauduer Frédéric
Published: October 2021

Mummies and skeletal material of ancient Egypt constitute valuable sources for paleopathological studies when using classical methods or modern investigation tools such as imaging techniques or molecular biology. From these approaches, we improve our knowledge about the conditions and the duration of life, eating habits, or mummification techniques. A compilation of the main diseases found during these periods can be made. One must underline the similarity in health problems with present times concerning, for instance, tuberculosis, parasitic diseases (schistosomiasis, malaria, dracunculosis), osteoporosis, arteriosclerosis, skin diseases, or dental problems. Conversely, no case of syphilis was found. The real frequency of malignant tumours remains a controversial topic. Considering therapeutic armamentarium, findings such as amputations, prosthetic replacements or more sophisticated surgery must be combined with data provided by medical papyri or carvings. This approach contributes to a better understanding of the evolution of disease and the history of medicine.
The royal mummies of ancient Egypt:An odyssey of discoveries and a fascinating source of data
Authors: Bauduer Frédéric
Published: October 2021

Thanks to mummification, the physical remains of many rulers of ancient Egypt are still observable today and constitute a valuable source of information. By evaluating the age at death and sometimes elucidating the degree of kinship and circumstances of death, our knowledge of ancient Egyptian history becomes more precise. Different pathologic conditions have been found and the evolution of the mummification process can be seen through time.The most spectacular discovery was that of Tutankhamen’s mummy, the single totally undisturbed tomb, associated with a fabulous treasure.The mummy of Ramses II has been extensively studied, the only one that flew to Paris where an irradiation was delivered in order to eradicate a destructive fungal infection.The identification of Akhenaten’s mummy and the explanation for his peculiar appearance are still unsolved problems.Noticeably, many Royal mummies remain of uncertain identity or undiscovered hitherto.
The mummies of San Lorenzo Island
Authors: Lombardi Guido P. , García-Cáceres Uriel
Published: October 2021

San Lorenzo Island is 5 miles off the coast of Lima, Peru. This island, as well as the whole Peruvian coast, presents several environmental conditions that make natural mummification a very common phenomenon. This paper explains the reasons for this phenomenon and presents an overview of the bodies recently uncovered by a team of archeologists led by the Peruvian Navy.
"Saltman" a new archaeological discovery: scientific investigation and conservation
Authors: Vatandoust Abdolrasool , Dehkordi Manijeh Hadian
Published: October 2021

The conservation and scientific investigation of organic materials in general and ancient human remains in particular have always been a topic of immense interest to scholars. The so called “Iceman” is one example which has attracted both general the public and experts worldwide since its discovery in 1991. The discovery of the Saltman in Iran in 1994, in a remarkable condition of preservation, is another example of this. The remains were found in a salt mine located in the village of Hamzehloo, near Zanjan. After the initial investigation by archaeologist, all the finds were transferred to Research Center for Conservation of Cultural Relics for scientific investigation and preservation. All the remains were subjected to Carbon-14 dating, radiographic examinations, computer tomography, texture examinations, genetic research, chemical, biological and physical examinations of the hair, trace element analysis, technological and compositional examinations and lastly conservation of all the remains.
The mummies of the Archaeology Museum of Palmyra
Authors: Girotti Marilena , Al-Hariri Khalil , Al-Kayem Salem , Boano Rosa , Harter-Lailheugue Stepahanie , El-Bcheraoui Charbel , Chevé Dominique , Fulcheri Ezio , Rabino Massa Emma , Boetsch Gilles
Published: October 2021

Anthropological collections, particularly those of mummies, constitute invaluable material for the reconstruction of human history.Therefore, efforts to protect these museum collections are a priority.These efforts must include particular care and attention in the study of the specimens and application of the most sophisticated techniques to acquire precise information without causing damage. The mummies in the Archaeology Museum of Palmyra are a cultural and biological patrimony of inestimable value for the Syrian city, since they are the only ones remaining after past dispersions. [...]
Gaetano Corrado.A pioneer in ophthalmology, forensic medicine and... paleopathology
Authors: Ventura Luca , Ranieri Adele , Miranda Gaetano , Fornaciari Gino
Published: October 2021

Gaetano Corrado was born in Paglieta (central Italy) in 1858 and, after dealing with ophthalmology, became professor of forensic medicine at the Universities of Cagliari (1894) and Naples (1895). Forensic attitudes allowed him to carry out an extremely detailed study of the Cagliari mummy. After careful anthropological analyses he ascribed the mummy to a 50-60 year-old female, disproving the public rumour of a murdered pregnant woman. In analogy with other studies, he pointed out the role of acari in mummification process. By using a conservative anatomic approach, he paid attention to gross and histological identification of organs, as well as microbiologic and chemical analysis. His great talent was also expressed in anatomy, anthropology, rehabilitation of war cripples, public works planning and research for energy production. He died in Naples at the age of 76. We believe that his contributions, although done without a real paleopathological awareness, should not be forgotten.
Some suggestions for approaching the study and the conservation of ancient human biological remains. A synthesis of the conservation work in the body of the blessed Margherita di Savoia
Authors: Gabrielli Nazzareno
Published: October 2021

This paper presents some suggestions for the application of a protocol for the correct approach to working with archaeological objects, mummies in particular, both in conservation and intervention.

a. A proposal for the creation of a National Committee for Anthropological Heritage through a public regional institution responsible for authorizing and controlling intervention and conservation.

b. To establish bonds between institutions that deal with cultural heritage.

c. To design a Restoration Form for the regulation of interventions and the substances used.
“Mummymania”:mummies,museums and popular culture
Authors: Day Jasmine
Published: October 2021

This lecture presents the major findings of the first anthropological study of British and American “mummymania”, the public fascination with ancient Egyptian mummies, and its associated myth, the mummy’s curse: a belief that those who interfere with Egyptian tombs will be punished. The study incorporates museum-based field research, textual sources, film analysis and material culture studies. Originally lay critiques of archaeological ethics, curses were appropriated by the mass media, which reduced public sympathy for them by associating them with evil living mummy characters. Fictional mummies? abject traits later came to symbolise old age, decay, pollution, death and differencenegative concepts with which museum visitors now associate real mummies. Museum displays inadvertently remind visitors of stereotypes and museums may exploit stereotypes for profit or employ staff who elaborate curse myths. In my view, museums could do more to counter stereotyping by addressing visitors? predisposition to regard mummies with abhorrence and derision.
Preliminary analysis of dermatoglyphs in mummies: a valid recording method
Authors: Salis Nadia , Giuliano Andrea , La Sala Elana , Baina Bollone Pier Luigi , Rabino Massa Emma
Published: October 2021

The aim of this work is to develop a methodology that will allow the identification and study of dermatoglyphics in ancient archaeological finds of biological nature. Dermatogliphs are one of the many instruments used as a safe method of personal identification in forensics and in the study of human populations. Because living human groups are the direct descendants of ancient peoples, anthropological studies of mummified remains are of great importance in the reconstruction of the cultural and biological identity of the people of the past. Two feet and a hand of pre-Dynastic mummified remains belonging to the Egyptian Marro collection of the Museum of Anthropology and Etnography of Turin have been evaluated. In order to recuperate papillary signs, the most recent techniques used in forensics have been used. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses have been performed. This work brings together anthropological and forensic knowledge, and opens the opportunity for a new field of studies in which it is possible to apply recent findings in dactiloscopy to ancient mummies.
Policymakers’ Perspectives on Responding to the Elderly's Mental Health Needs in Post-Disaster Situations
Authors: Efendi Ferry , Indarwati Retno , Aurizki Gading Ekapuja , Susanti Ika Adelia , Fajar Maulana Antoni Eka
Published: October 2021

Background

Mental health issues following the occurrence of disaster remain neglected area especially for older people group. The purpose of this study was to explore stakeholders’ perspectives on post-disaster management related to the elderly's mental health needs.

Design and methods

This qualitative case study was conducted between June and October 2020. The investigators conducted in-depth interviews with policymakers who were in charge of disaster management at national, provincial, and regional levels. The policymakers were selected through purposive sampling. A policy analysis was conducted by the investigators to answer the research question.

Results

The results were presented based on actor, content, context, and process. The actors engage in intersectoral collaboration between disaster agencies, health agencies, and social agencies. The content is largely comprehensive; however, the disaster management policy should not neglect to address mental health conditions after a disaster event. The context is the vulnerability and risk of the elderly in terms of experiencing physical and mental issues after a disaster, which should be considered by policymakers in Indonesia. The process is the development of disaster management policies, which are influenced by cultural, economic, political, and international factors.

Conclusions

This study reveals that stakeholders need to pay attention to the mental health issue of elderly in national and regional policy, particularly during post-disaster situations. In addition, posttraumatic stress in post-disaster situations should be highlighted in order to formulate a better aged care policy.
Spectrum of Skin Diseases in the Elderly Age Group
Authors: Mehra Mriganka , Mishra Nitin , Gahalaut Pratik , Rastogi Madhur Kant , Agarwal Neni
Published: October 2021

Background:

The increasing average lifespan has led to an increase in an elderly patient encountered in day-to-day practice. Despite this, there is a lack of statistical data about dermatosis in the elderly.

Objectives:

This study has been performed with the objectives of studying the spectrum of skin diseases in the elderly and study associations of these with various demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and residence with clinical diagnosis.

Methodology:

This was a cross-sectional study based in a tertiary care teaching hospital, which included patients aged 60 years and above, presenting to the outpatient department of dermatology.

Results:

A total of 440 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 65.92 years, with maximum belonging to the 60–69 years' age group (73%) and a male preponderance (1.97:1). The most common systemic ailment was diabetes mellitus (18.2%). The most common physiological change was wrinkling (92.3%). Among pathological conditions, infections were the most common group (51.3%). Fungal infections were seen in 24.1% and leprosy in 6.8% of patients. Wrinkling, neoplasia, and nail changes were significantly higher in males. Metabolic dermatosis was significantly higher in diabetics. Generalized pruritus, neoplasia, and pigmentary disorders were significantly more common in urban residents, whereas infections were significantly higher in rural residents.

Conclusion:

The most common physiologic finding among the elderly was wrinkles while the most common dermatosis were infections. Dermatosis in the elderly has atypical presentations due to an interplay of physiological and pathological factors. With increasing average lifespan, dermatological demands of the aged are growing. Thus, it is important to study the problems of the aged individuals, so proper dermatological care can be provided to them.
Ageing agony
Authors: Patel Mamta
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Rape is a type of sexual assault and brutal, demeaning, cruel act perpetrated without concern. Despite extensive research on rape, especially in India, there exists an important gap in knowledge around elderly victims. The rapist has been considered by many clinicians as the victim of uncontrollable urges or the recipient of a disordered personality.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to examine the situation during the commission of the crime and what was the relationship between the victim and the offender in committing the heinous crime.

Methods:

In this research, data were obtained from print media and electronic media from 2004 to 2018. A total number of 49 cases were found reported during this period of work. This study is based on quantitative findings using the unobtrusive method of content analysis. The elderly women aged 60 and above were taken for the study.

Results:

The results show that cruelty was involved in more than one-fourth of the cases. In most of the cases, victims were targeted as they were alone in their homes. In some cases, the offenders were found in a state of inebriation at the time of the crime. The crime was committed mostly by the impulsive type rapist.

Conclusions:

The findings challenge the social norms and have implications for future research, policy, and practice.
Differential pulse stripping voltammetric determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical tablet samples using murexide modified carbon paste electrode
Authors: Yohannes Yonas Beyene , Erba Mohammed Hajole
Published: October 2021

As an acetyl aniline drug, paracetamol (PA) has antipyretic and analgesic functions, which is suitable for the remedy of fever, headache and joint ache. The murexide modified carbon paste electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and compared with bare carbon paste electrode. In this study, murexide-carbon paste electrode (MXCPE) was described for the differential pulse stripping voltammetric determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical tablet sample. The MXCPE exhibited a better electrocatalytical behavior for the oxidation of PA as evidenced by nearly two folds of current enhancement and a shift of the onset potential by 65 mV in comparison with a bare carbon paste electrode. Differential pulse stripping voltammetry peak currents of PA increased linearly with their concentrations in the ranges of 5-1000 mM with a detection limit of 0.09 mM (S/N = 3). The determination of the analyte in pharmaceutical samples was found in the range 97.6-106.0% of the theoretical values and a recovery result between 94.6 and 96.8% was obtained. For selective determination of PA in the presence of AA was successfully performed.
Utility of an orthopaedic trauma registry in Ghana
Authors: K. Butler Elissa , Konadu-Yeboah Dominic , Konadu Peter , Awariyah Dominic , N. Mock Charles
Published: October 2021

In most low- and middle-income countries, trauma registries are uncommon. Although institutional registries for all trauma patients are ideal, it can be more practical to institute departmental registries for specific subsets of patients. Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) has started a locally developed, self-funded orthopaedic trauma registry. We describe methods and experiences for data collection and examine patient and injury characteristics, data quality, and the utility of the registry. Of 961 individuals in the registry, 67.9% were males, and the median age was 40 years. Motor vehicle collision (23.3%) was the most frequent mechanism of injury. Lower extremity fractures were the most common injury (60.6%), and 43.9% of injuries were managed operatively. Data quality was reasonable with missingness under 10% for 13 of 14 key variables, with inconsistencies of dates of injury, admission, treatment, and discharge in 9.1% of cases. However, the type of operation was missing for 73.2% of operative cases. Despite these limitations, the registry has been used for quality improvement and to successfully advocate for resources to improve trauma care. The registry has been improved by adding more detailed outcome variables, creating a standardisedcodebook of categorical variables, and adding more fields to allow for multiple injuries. In conclusion, it is practical and sustainable to institute a locally developed, self-funded orthopaedic trauma registry in Ghana that provides data with reasonable quality. Such a registry can be used to advocate for more resources to care for injured patients adequately and for quality improvement.
Obstructed right Duari hernia
Authors: U Nnadozie, Ugochukwu , Onyeyirichi Otuu , C Maduba Charles , C Ekwesianya Andrew
Published: October 2021

The caecum and appendix are uncommon contents of femoral hernia (Duari hernia). Diagnosis is usually intraoperative. We report a rare case of obstructed right femoral hernia in a 65-year-old woman. She was admitted into the accident and emergency department because of sudden irreducibility of a previously reducible right groin swelling of 5 years duration. She had obstructive symptoms with an irreducible right groin mass clinically diagnosed as obstructed right femoral hernia. A combination of infra-inguinal transverse incision and a lower midline laparotomy incision was used. The intraoperative findings included the herniation of the caecum and appendix into the right femoral canal. Patient had an uneventful recovery. Duari hernia is uncommon. A high index of suspicion and an experiencedsurgeon, who can handle uncommon findings should be involved in the management of obstructed femoral hernias.
Oral disease burden amongst residents of an internally displaced persons camp in Nigeria
Authors: Nnawuihe Ukachi Chiwendu , Otakhoigbogie Uwaila
Published: October 2021

Objective: To assess the prevalence of oral diseases and conditions amongst residents of an isolated camp that caters for internally displaced persons to define their oral health need in order to facilitate surveillance and planning of interventional programmes.

Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out among randomly selected residents of a camp at Uhogua village forest reserve, Edo State, Nigeria. Socio-demographic data was obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Oral examination was carried out under natural illumination using mouth mirror, wooden spatula and blunt dental explorer. Oral hygiene was graded using Simplified Oral Hygiene Index. Diagnoses of caries and periodontal disease were according to the World Health Organization criteria. Clinical diagnosis of oral lesions/conditions was by visual inspection. IBM SPSS version 25.0 was used for descriptive and inferential analysis at 95% confidence interval with p set at < 0.05 significance.

Results: The mean age of the 437 study participants was 15.81 ± 8.42 with a range of 4 - 71 years. Males (43.0%), females (57.0%) and participants with primary education (78.7%). Only 3.4% of the study participants had good oral hygiene and 11.9% of the group had periodontal pockets. Dental caries prevalence was 19.7%. The DMFT/dmft index value was 0.33/0.13 with PUFA/pufa score of 0.06/0.02. However, 35.0% of permanent teeth and 79.0% of deciduous teeth had evidence of dento-oral infection and ulceration. The prevalence of oral ulcers (1.8%), leukoplakia (2.1%), erythroplakia (0.5%), oral candidiasis (5.3%), cleft palate (0.2%) and traumatic dental injury (4.3%). were noted. Lower educational attainment was associated with presence of periodontal pockets (p=0.029) and dental caries (p=0.004).

Conclusion: Poor oral hygiene was prevalent in this group. Although the prevalence of oral diseases and conditions were low in comparison with previous local studies, many of the carious lesions had signs of dento-oral infections. Improved access to education with a significant oral health education content and preventive oral health services are recommended strategies in reducing the oral health challenges of this group.
Evaluation of the International Spinal Cord Injury Bowel Function Basic Data Set Version 2.0 in Children and Youth With Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Dent Kathryn , Zebracki Kathy , Sadowsky Cristina , Martin Rebecca , Behrman Andrea , Lipa Bethany , Biering-Sørensen Fin , Vogel Lawrence C. , Mulcahey MJ
Published: October 2021

Objectives:

To establish the utility and feasibility of the International Spinal Cord Injury/Dysfunction (SCI/D) Bowel Function Basic Data Set Version 2.0 in pediatric SCI populations.

Methods:

This was a noninterventional, repeated measure design conducted in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Illinois, Kentucky, and South Carolina. The International Spinal Cord Injury/Dysfunction (SCI/D) Bowel Function Basic Data Set Version 2.0 was administered repeatedly, twice at the point of care and once over the phone. Time to complete the data set was recorded. Inter- and intrarater reliability was examined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and agreement between the bowel function basic data set variables and medical records was calculated using percentages. Intrarater reliability involved the same person administering the data once at the point of care and once over the phone.

Results:

Forty-one children/youth ages 1 to 20 years participated in this study. Average time to complete the data set was 5.17 minutes. Interrater reliability was good to excellent (ICC ≥ 0.75) for most variables. Five variables had moderate interrater reliability (ICC = 0.05–0.74) and three had poor interrater reliability (ICC < 0.05). With the exception of one variable that had poor intrarater reliability (constipating agent, ICC = 0.00) and one that approached moderate reliability (digital evacuation, ICC = 0.74), intrarater reliability was good to strong for every bowel variable (ICC = 0.88–1.00). Only 12 (32%) medical records had explicit documentation of one or more of the variables on the Basic Bowel Function Basic Data Set V2.0.

Conclusion:

The results support future research with a larger and more diverse sample of children with SCI to build upon the psychometric work described herein.
Problems of Early Learning to Program. How to Bridge the Gap Between Pictographic and Textual Programming Styles
Authors: D.B Agliamutdinova , N.O. Besshaposhnikov , A.G. Kushnirenko , A.G. Leonov , M.V. Raiko
Published: October 2021

Around the world, the “coding is the new literacy” thesis is beginning to be shared by an increasing number of decision-makers inside and outside national education systems. This leads to the inclusion of courses on information technology, including programming, in the curricula of school and early childhood education in various countries. In Russia, with its centralized education system, the amount of programming skills that a 9th grade graduate must master was established by the federal standard in mid-2021 and includes a certain set of initial programming skills that a student must be able to demonstrate by choosing one of the 6 full-text programming languages prescribed by the standard. Our experience shows that today the programming skills provided for by the specified standard can be successfully mastered by all primary school graduates (age 11-12), and we predict that the problem of early compulsory teaching in programming will be posed by Russian legislators and solved by the Russian education system in the near future. The main thesis of this article is that the best way to systematically teach the basics of programming to beginners of all ages, including elementary school students, is to consistently use the three approaches - icon-based, block-based, and text-based - provided that there is a methodological and technological continuity of software environments that support these three approaches. This continuity can be achieved by creating a consistent family of multiple learning environments. The article describes the experience of developing and using such a family of three software environments for the system of preschool and primary education in Russia, as well as for the system of teacher training in universities.
Política y gestión institucional del turismo argentino: logros, desafíos y propuestas
Authors: Malaspina Nahuel , Sanagustín-Fons M. Victoria , Gómez Bahillo Carlos
Published: October 2021

This research analyzes the effects of public policies and programs implemented by the Argentinian government between 2003 and 2019, to strengthen the institutional management of tourism. The main objective is to generate critical thinking and offer -from a theoretical perspective of the sociology of public policies- a set of guidelines that help mitigate conflicts, improving the effectiveness of programs and the quality of management. The analysis of public policies and the operational sequential method are used as an approach. The results provide a situational diagnosis that details the institutional advances of the period and pending problems. Regarding them, a set of proposals for improvement is defined. As a conclusion, it may be said that the Argentinian tourism sector has advanced towards a certain institutional consolidation, motivated by the Law 25,997/05. However, there are still unsolved structural problems, such as (i) the lack of information, internal control, and accountability; (ii) the incorporation of technologies and new government paradigms, (iii) and the achievement of a federalism that allows a more balanced and inclusive territorial development.
Protection of Human Health: Medical and Legal Aspects
Authors: Katerynchuk Kateryna , Diorditsa Ihor , Kovalenko Inna , Kyrenko Sergij , Trotsiuk Nina
Published: October 2021

The purpose of study is to develop scientifically based recommendations for introducing amendments and additions to existing legislation, as well as the development of new regulatory legal acts and measures, aimed at systematic counteraction to criminal offences against human health. In paper have been used a systematically structural method (to investigate the concept of harm to human health). Using the statistical method by degree of coverage of units a one-time statistical questionnaire (statistical observation of a certain part of the units of the statistical population based on the principles of voluntariness of responses and the possibility of incomplete return from respondents of filled statistical forms) was held. The results of the study the following points are proposed: to consider the protection of human life and body at the international level to be interconnected associated categories forming an organic unity, which require equivalent protection; to modify an existing criminal legislation in terms of criminal offences against health of a person; to offer a range of proposals to detail signs of bodily injury and take them into account during the developing of new Rules of forensic medical determining the severity of bodily harm.
Comparative analysis of the legislative support for law enforcement agencies in the post-soviet space and Europe
Authors: Smernytskyi Demian , Zaichko Kostiantyn , Zhvanko Yurii , Bakal Malvina , Shapochka Tetiana
Published: October 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the most effective model for regulating law enforcement in Europe and the post-Soviet space, as well as to formulate recommendations for the unification and standardization of legislation in this area. The empirical background was statistics on crime rates, premeditated murders by country; provisions of legislation governing the law enforcement activities of 13 countries and international regulations. Methods of system approach, descriptive statistics, descriptive analysis, generalization and prognosis, system selection, comparative method was used. The activities of law enforcement agencies are aimed at ensuring public order, national security and the protection of human rights, freedoms, and interests. Each state has its own law enforcement system, which is clearly regulated. The main indicator of the effectiveness of law enforcement is the crime rate and the level of security in the country. It is concluded that the most effective is the law enforcement model with its fundamental principles of decentralization of law enforcement agencies.
Administrative-legal framework for the implementation of gender equality in the activities of the National police of Ukraine
Authors: Bass Viktoriya , Bratel Sergiy , Bulyk Iryna , Liakh Nelia
Published: October 2021

From a documentary methodology close to legal hermeneutics, the article examines the problems of gender inequality; in particular, the study focuses on the problems of gender inequality in the Ukrainian National Police. The concepts and main stages of formation and development of gender policy in Ukraine are analyzed. The factors contributing to the emergence of gender inequality in the Ukrainian National Police have been studied. These include, firstly, the unequal position of women and men in society due to gender stereotypes. The article analyzes the components, characteristics, and functions of the mechanism for ensuring gender equality in the Ukrainian National Police. Particular attention is paid to the legal basis for ensuring gender equality in the activities of the Ukrainian National Police. To this end, the normative framework aimed at ensuring gender equality in the Ukrainian National Police was analyzed. It is concluded that, despite significant changes in the content of the laws to establish the principle of gender equality, there is still a long way to go to achieve effective equality.
Prevention of crimes against the environment: the experience of Ukraine
Authors: Babanina Viktoria , Mykytchyk Oleksandr , Matiushenko Olena , Ladniuk Viktoria
Published: October 2021

General social measures for the prevention of crimes against the environment, which include general processes of economic development, science, technology, which create the possibility and increase the effectiveness of special criminological measures and, in contrast, do not directly affect but indirectly the criminogenic environment, eliminating or neutralizing the common, most significant and common causes of behavior criminal in the field of ecology. The article analyzes Ukraine's experience in the field of preventing crimes against the environment. It also analyzes the measures taken in the country aimed at the prevention of environmental crimes. A documentary methodology close to content analysis was used. It is concluded that liability for environmental crimes is an important component of the legal provision of environmental management, the restoration of ecological objects and the protection of the environment. Legislation on criminal liability for violation of the right to use a natural object was developed within the framework of the general legal rules on liability for violation of environmental legislation.
Combating corruption in the educational sphere: Ukrainian experience
Authors: Kolomoyets Tetyana , Reznik Oleh , Bondarenko Olha , Utkina Maryna , Goncharova Alina
Published: October 2021

Based on expert estimates, 17% of corrupt practices are committed in this area, and the authors identify the leading causes of corruption in the educational sphere. The objective is the non-recognition of teachers and lecturers as subjects of criminal corruption offenses, low level of the labor expense, inventory, and logistics management discrepancy in educational institutions of different groups with modern educational methods. Subjective reasons include the mutual “benefit” of corrupt practices to all participants in the educational process; disenchantment with the profession due to burnout; certain aspects of mentality; the sense of impunity for blackmailing offenses and receiving gifts. Regarding scientific research methods, their branched complex and multilevel structure are proposed: philosophical, empirical research, methods of theoretical cognition: general logical methods, specific scientific methods. The principal means to combat corruption in the educational sphere is preventive increasing the level of labor expense in the academic sphere; improving the inventory and logistics management of the educational institutions at all levels and regions; avoiding the mutual “benefit” to all participants in the educational process and anti-corruption means (criminalization for all teaching and research-pedagogical staff for the commission of the criminal offense).
Legal regulation of illegal influence on the results of official sports competitions: criminal aspect and international experience
Authors: Yefimov Mykola , Yefimova Inna , Harkusha Viacheslav , Cherniak Nataliia , Holenko Nina
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the research is devoted to the criminological description and explanation of the state of illegal influence on the results of official sports competitions in Ukraine. A reading of the high level of latency of crimes according to article 369-3 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, evidence that it is at least 99% of its real level. The structure of match manipulation was revealed and analyzed according to the type of sport, the method of illegal influence on the results of official sports competitions, as well as the subjects of bribery. The characteristic of the corresponding structural units is given. Methodologically, the basis of the research is the dialectical method that serves to interpret social and legal phenomena through documentary sources. It is concluded that the most intense criminal match-fixing is practiced in sports such as football, futsal, basketball, and volleyball. Among the ways to encourage athletes to commit illegal acts, bribery predominates (75%). At about the same level in terms of prevalence with small fluctuations in specific weight are structurally found ways to influence athletes such as incitement (10%) and conspiracy (8%).
Stratagems of political and legal development of Ukraine:
problems of actualization and scientific comprehension
Authors: Tarasyuk Volodymyr , Morhunova Elina , Drobotun Dmytro , Stoyko Olena , Chyzhova Olena
Published: October 2021

The aim of the article is to consider the priority areas of state policy and outline initiatives that are of strategic importance to Ukraine. The research topic is state programs (strategic initiatives) in the field of education and science, security and defense, information that will provide the opportunity to lay the foundation for positive changes in society. The study applies methods of scientific knowledge such as the dialectical method, the monographic method, the methods of analysis and synthesis, the system and structural method, the grouping and classification method, the abstract and logical method. The reasons, factors and processes that led to Ukraine's prolonged stay under the influence of oligarchic capital are investigated. In addition, they consider the prerequisites for the preservation of elites that hinder the democratic development of the Ukrainian state. It is concluded that the introduction of democratic institutions in post-totalitarian countries requires, first of all, a concentration of efforts in the fields of education and science, information policy, national security and defense.
Pengaruh Persepsi, Motivasi, Self Efficacy, Pengaruh Orang Tua terhadap Minat Mahasiswa Jurusan Akuntansi sebagai Konsultan Pajak
Authors: Febriani Novi , Lestari Tri , Rosyafah Siti
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh presepsi, motivasi, self efficacy dan pengaruh orang tua terhadap minat mahasiswa jurusan akuntansi sebagai konsultan pajak. Dalam hal ini mahasiswa, nantinya akan memutuskan apa yang akan mereka lakukan setelah menyelesaikan program studinya. Lapangan kerja untuk mereka yang ingin berkarir sebagai konsultan pajak masih terbuka lebar. Dan wajib pajak setiap tahun selalu bertambah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya. Hasil analisis menyebutkan bahwa faktor-faktor seperti presepsi, motivasi, self efficacy, dan pengaruh orang tua dapat menumbuhkan minat mahasiswa untuk berkarir sebagai konsultan pajak. Hal ini dikarenakan dapat dilihat dari penelitian- penelitian sebelumnya menyatakan bahwa faktor-faktor tersebut besar kemungkinan akan menumbuhkan minat berkarir sebagai konsultan pajak untuk mahasiswa akuntansi.
INOCUIDAD DE LOS ALIMENTOS EXPENDIDOS EN LA VÍA PÚBLICA UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA.
Authors: Arguello Paola , Albuja Ana
Published: October 2021

La venta de comida ambulante expendida en la vía pública constituye una oportunidad de trabajo en países con economías emergentes. Debido a las condiciones en las que se preparan y expenden estos alimentos son una fuente potencial de enfermedades. Esto lo convirte en un problema de salud pública, siendo necesaria la investigación en países con esta problemática. Este trabajo recopila y analiza las publicaciones en torno a este tema. Los artículos fueron obtenidos de bases de datos digitales de Scopus, PubMed y Google Académico, utilizando palabras claves. Luego de aplicar los filtros correspondientes, se trabajó con 35 artículos que mostraron resultados en términos de recuentos de microorganismos y/o de porcentajes de cumplimiento de prácticas correctas de higiene. Se observó un mayor porcentaje de alimentos fuera de los niveles permitidos de E. coli, principal indicador asociado a contaminación fecal, en Gana, Nigeria, Perú y Venezuela; y ninguna publicación mostro 100% de cumplimiento de parámetros de prácticas correctas de higiene. Estos resultados muestran la apremiante necesidad de concienciar a todos los involucrados en la cadena (vendedores, consumidores, agencias de control), sobre la actuación pertinente y oportuna para mejorar las condiciones de la venta de comida en la vía pública.
Impact of Public Capital Expenditure on Poverty Rate in Nigeria
Authors: Joy Jideofor Nnennaya , Okafor Michah Chukwuemeka , Ohiorenuan Ikhite Hope
Published: October 2021

According to the researchers, the aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of government spending on poverty rates in Nigeria. Several issues of the Central Bank of Nigeria's statistics bulletin were used in the research, which yielded a large amount of data. The data was submitted to a unit root test, which was performed using the Augmented Dickey fuller (ADF) method, in order to determine its time series characteristics. The variables' socioeconomic characteristics were obtained via the use of descriptive statistics. Because of the varying order of integration seen in the unit root, cointegration and regression analysis were carried out utilizing the ARDL- Autoregressive Distributed Lag method, which is an acronym for Autoregressive Distributed Lag. The results of the study revealed that the crucial t-value of 2.185498 is more than the t-statistic value of 2.185498 by a factor of two (2.0). Additionally, the result of 0.0377 is less than the cutoff value of 0.05. According to the findings of the research, capital expenditure has a significant impact on the poverty rate. According to the study, more capital investment in the following areas is recommended: education, electricity generation, economic services, and health. It also recommends that resources be effectively managed.