bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zinc and Copper Ions Differentially Regulate Prion-Like Phase Separation Dynamics of Pan-Virus Nucleocapsid Biomolecular Condensates
Authors: Monette Anne , Mouland Andrew J.
Published: October 2020

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a rapidly growing research focus due to numerous demonstrations that many cellular proteins phase-separate to form biomolecular condensates (BMCs) that nucleate membraneless organelles (MLOs). A growing repertoire of mechanisms supporting BMC formation, composition, dynamics, and functions are becoming elucidated. BMCs are now appreciated as required for several steps of gene regulation, while their deregulation promotes pathological aggregates, such as stress granules (SGs) and insoluble irreversible plaques that are hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. Treatment of BMC-related diseases will greatly benefit from identification of therapeutics preventing pathological aggregates while sparing BMCs required for cellular functions. Numerous viruses that block SG assembly also utilize or engineer BMCs for their replication. While BMC formation first depends on prion-like disordered protein domains (PrLDs), metal ion-controlled RNA-binding domains (RBDs) also orchestrate their formation. Virus replication and viral genomic RNA (vRNA) packaging dynamics involving nucleocapsid (NC) proteins and their orthologs rely on Zinc (Zn) availability, while virus morphology and infectivity are negatively influenced by excess Copper (Cu). While virus infections modify physiological metal homeostasis towards an increased copper to zinc ratio (Cu/Zn), how and why they do this remains elusive. Following our recent finding that pan-retroviruses employ Zn for NC-mediated LLPS for virus assembly, we present a pan-virus bioinformatics and literature meta-analysis study identifying metal-based mechanisms linking virus-induced BMCs to neurodegenerative disease processes. We discover that conserved degree and placement of PrLDs juxtaposing metal-regulated RBDs are associated with disease-causing prion-like proteins and are common features of viral proteins responsible for virus capsid assembly and structure. Virus infections both modulate gene expression of metalloproteins and interfere with metal homeostasis, representing an additional virus strategy impeding physiological and cellular antiviral responses. Our analyses reveal that metal-coordinated virus NC protein PrLDs initiate LLPS that nucleate pan-virus assembly and contribute to their persistence as cell-free infectious aerosol droplets. Virus aerosol droplets and insoluble neurological disease aggregates should be eliminated by physiological or environmental metals that outcompete PrLD-bound metals. While environmental metals can control virus spreading via aerosol droplets, therapeutic interference with metals or metalloproteins represent additional attractive avenues against pan-virus infection and virus-exacerbated neurological diseases.
Investigating Sediment Dynamics in a Landslide-Dominated Catchment by Modeling Landslide Area and Fluvial Sediment Export
Authors: Teng Tse-Yang , Huang Jr-Chuan , Lee Tsung-Yu , Chen Yi-Chin , Jan Ming-Young , Liu Cheng-Chien
Published: October 2020

Few models are capable of simultaneously simulating the sequences of landslide occurrence and sediment export. Quantification of the temporarily stored sediment within the watershed plays a key role to link hillslope landslides with fluvial sediment export. In this study, two coupled models were proposed to simulate time-series total landslide area and the subsequent sediment export on a daily basis with only the inputs of rainfall and runoff. The landslide model considers per-existing and models new landslide, and the sediment transport model incorporates a sediment storage variable. The landslide and sediment transport model were well evaluated with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (EC) of 0.89 and logarithmic Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (EClog) of 0.90, respectively, in the Tsengwen Reservoir watershed in southern Taiwan by using long-term observed data (2005–2015). It is found that reactivated landslides were up to 72% of the pre-landslide area, which contributed sediment comparable to the new landslide. Besides, the landslide model indicates that pre-landslide area controls the total landslide area but when rainfall is large it takes control in turn. With the simulation of sediment storage, the sediment transport model can well simulate the sediment export after the catastrophic event (typhoon Morakot in 2009). During the post-Morakot period, small rainfall and runoff can lead to high sediment export owing to the storage of Morakot-triggered landslide. This model will be a useful tool to diagnose the sediment dynamics in the watershed.
Application of an Interval Two-Stage Robust (ITSR) Optimization Model for Optimization of Water Resource Distribution in the Yinma River Basin, Jilin Province, China
Authors: He Wei , Yang Luze , Li Minghao , Meng Chong , Li Yu
Published: October 2020

The present study is based on the application of an interval two-stage stochastic programming (ITSP) model in the Yinma River Basin. A robust method based on interval two-stage robust (ITSR) optimization is introduced to construct an optimization model of water resource distribution in order to solve the problems of water shortage in low-income and high-income areas caused by the unreasonable distribution of water resources. The model would help in reducing the system risk in the Yinma River Basin caused by an excessive pursuit of economic benefits. The model simulations show that the amount of water required for the water resource distribution is significantly reduced after balancing the risks and the water resource distribution of the water use departments is reduced by up to 20%. In addition, the situation of water scarcity of various water use departments shows a decreasing trend. There is no scarcity of water use in Panshi, Yongji, Shuangyang and Jiutai areas. The water shortage of water use departments in other areas is reduced by up to 97%. The allocation of reused water to ecological and environmental departments with higher water demand further solved the water shortage problem in low-income departments in the interval-two-stage planning model. In this study, after the introduction of the robust optimization method in the Yinma River Basin, the stability of the water resources distribution system is significantly improved. In addition, the risk of water use system in the interval-two-stage stochastic model can be avoided.
Application of the RSPARROW Modeling Tool to Estimate Total Nitrogen Sources to Streams and Evaluate Source Reduction Management Scenarios in the Grande River Basin, Brazil
Authors: Miller Matthew P. , de Souza Marcelo L. , Alexander Richard B. , Sanisaca Lillian G. , Teixeira Alexandre de Amorim , Appling Alison P.
Published: October 2020

Large-domain hydrological models are increasingly needed to support water-resource assessment and management in large river basins. Here, we describe results for the first Brazilian application of the SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) model using a new open-source modeling and interactive decision support system tool (RSPARROW) to quantify the origin, flux, and fate of total nitrogen (TN) in two sub-basins of the Grande River Basin (GRB; 43,000 km2). Land under cultivation for sugar cane, urban land, and point source inputs from wastewater treatment plants was estimated to each contribute approximately 30% of the TN load at the outlet, with pasture land contributing about 10% of the load. Hypothetical assessments of wastewater treatment plant upgrades and the building of new facilities that could treat currently untreated urban runoff suggest that these management actions could potentially reduce loading at the outlet by as much as 20–25%. This study highlights the ability of SPARROW and the RSPARROW mapping tool to assist with the development and evaluation of management actions aimed at reducing nutrient pollution and eutrophication. The freely available RSPARROW modeling tool provides new opportunities to improve understanding of the sources, delivery, and transport of water-quality contaminants in watersheds throughout the world.
Linguistic Manipulation Means in English Political Discourse
Authors: Polyakova Liliya S. , Yuzhakova Yulia V. , Zalavina Tatyana Yu. , Dyorina Natalya V.
Published: October 2020

The scientific article presents a study of the ways of expressing manipulation in politics, which is performed in English political discourse by means of language. Carefully selected language units, used by politicians in public speaking, in combination with social factors, can be a powerful instrument for managing public opinion, i.e. manipulation. The authors analyze public speeches delivered by English politicians. Manipulation is an integral part of American political discourse, all speech strategies of which are aimed at one purpose: to influence a recipient, persuade him or her to make a decision that will be beneficial for a politician. The article considers the main strategies, tactics and types of manipulation used in the modern political sphere. An analysis of public speeches of English politicians proves the importance of speech manipulative techniques for successful achievement of political goals.
Effects of Pistacia atlantica Subsp. Kurdica on Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Damage in Rat Kidney
Authors: Kohnepoushi Seyed Salam , Dastan Dara , Nili-Ahmadabadi Amir
Published: October 2020

Background: Pistacia atlantica kurdica has recently been shown to possess free radical scavenging ability. The current study aims to investigate the protective effect of this plant against cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods: Thirty-six rats were divided into 6 groups (6 in each), and treated as follows: group 1 received normal saline (control group), group 2 (positive control) received cadmium by drinking water (100 mg/ L/d), group 3 received 200 mg/kg of P. atlantica extract, and groups 4-6 received cadmium as well as 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/d of P. atlantica extract (orally), respectively. After 2 weeks, oxidative damage and renal function markers were assayed by standard methods. Results: In cadmium group, a significant increase was observed in serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (P<0.01) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) level of renal tissue (P<0.001) and a remarkable decrease was found in total thiol molecules (TTM) of the kidney (P<0.001). Despite the decreased renal antioxidant capacity, these changes were not significant. P. atlantica extract improved the LPO, TTM, and histopathological changes in renal tissue. Conclusion: In this study, although the P. atlantica extract did not have a significant effect on cadmiuminduced renal dysfunction, it did improve the oxidative/antioxidant balance in renal tissue.
GEMEINSAMES SORGERECHT
Authors: DURAK Yasemin
Published: October 2020

Das gemeinsame Sorgerecht ist die gemeinsame Ausübung der bestehenden Rechte und Pflichten durch Mutter und Vater in Bezug auf die persönlichen oder finanziellen Rechte des Kindes, das nach einer Scheidung oder außerhalb der Ehe geboren wurde. Auf diese Wei-se wird das Sorgerecht von Mutter und Vater so ausgeübt, als ob die Scheidung nicht stattge-funden hätte. Das gemeinsame Sorgerecht ist eine im Ausland weit verbreitet angewendete Institution. Obwohl das Sorgerecht ein gemeinsam ausgeübtes Recht ist, bleibt das Kind, das noch nicht mündig ist, bei seiner Mutter oder seinem Vater. Da die geschiedenen Ehepartner es zusammen ausüben, erhält der Aufbau einer persönlichen Beziehung zum Kind auch eine andere Dimension. Die Entscheidungen der Gerichte sind immer noch auf den Zeitraum nach der Scheidung gerichtet. Ein gemeinsames Sorgerecht ist jedoch erst dann möglich, nachdem durch eine zukünftige gesetzliche Regelung ein Abstammungsverhältnis zwischen dem unehe-lichen Kind und dem Vater hergestellt worden ist. So werden uneheliche Kinder die gleichen Rechte wie in der Ehe geborene Kinder bekommen. Darüber hinaus kann in einer solchen Si-tuation in Betracht kommen, dass die Eltern gleiche Rechte und Pflichten in Bezug auf die Kinder haben
ANALISIS OPTIMALISASI KINERJA KARYAWAN MELALUI DIGITALISASI BISNIS DENGAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING PADA PERUSAHAAN UMUM PERCETAKAN UANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA (PERUM PERURI) DIREKTORAT SDM DAN UMUM
Authors: Aziz Syaefudin , Suswardji Edi
Published: October 2020

The object of this research is the employees of Perum Peruri, Directorate HR and General. The research’s method is descriptive verification, with data sources utilized are primary and secondary. From the population of 256 people, the sample was taken using a Probability sampling especially Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling obtained as many as 156 people. To measure the level of employees performance toward business digitalization with organizational culture as an intervening variable, processing data using path analysis with the SPSS 16 software application. The results showed that the implementation of business digitalization is assessed good by employees, organization culture is assessed good by employees and in general, optimization of employee performance is assessed good by employees. It is proved that business digitalization influence organizational culture and the level of influence is strong. It is proved that business digitalization influence employees performance and the level of influence is strong enough. It is proved that organization culture influence employees performance and the level of influence is strong.
Case report on the human infection with Tularemia in Mykolaiv Region, 2018
Authors: Zlenko O. B. , Ignatenkov O. S. , Vinokurova K. V. , Gerilovych A. P.
Published: October 2020

The work aims to provide a study and report the case with a 47-year-old white man from urban-type settlement Oleksandrivka (Voznesensk District, Mykolaiv Region) diagnosed with pharyngitis, amygdalitis, polylymphoadenopathy, and buboadenitis caused by Francisella tularensis. The tularemia diagnosis in the patient was confirmed with agglutination test and western blot of patient’s blood serum in dilutions 1:100 and 1:200 respectively. The additional surveillance study (rodents, ticks, and water samples) in the surrounding area of the patient’s house showed positive results for F. tularensis in ticks in dilution 1:160++++
The quality and safety of eggs obtained from laying hens after their experimental poisoning with sodium bromide
Authors: Kutsan О. Т. , Orobchenko O. L. , Koreneva Yu. M.
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the quality and safety of eggs obtained from laying hens after their experimental poisoning with sodium bromide. According to the principle of analogues, three experimental and one control group of laying hens (n = 15) were formed. The background bromine content of the compound feed was 2.0 mg/kg. An aqueous solution of sodium bromide was added daily to the feed of the chickens of the experimental groups for 28 days, followed by the observation of the birds for 14 days without its addition. Chickens of the 1st experimental group received bromine with feed at a dose of 10.0 mg/kg, 2nd — 50.0 mg/kg, 3rd — 250.0 mg/kg of feed. During the experiment, eggs were collected daily, their quality was determined according to the requirements of DSTU 5028:2008 ‘Hen’s Eggs for Human Consumption. Specifications’ and the rules for the veterinary and sanitary examination of poultry eggs. In addition, the bromine content was determined separately in egg white, yolk, and shell. Bromine content was determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis. Statistical processing of research results was conducted. Under the conditions of the chronic experiment, clinical manifestations of poisoning in chickens were not observed. No significant deviation from the control group was observed in productivity, egg mass, white to yolk mass ratios, and pH values of yolk and white. However, an uneven distribution of the eggs by category was established. Starting from the 2nd day of the experiment, bromine was excreted in laying hens with egg whites. The maximum value was observed on the 18th–28th days of the experiment: in the 1st experimental group a reliable excess 2.5 times of bromine content relative to the control was observed; in 2nd — 7.2 times, and in 3rd — 26.9 times. Thus, eggs from chickens of all groups conformed to DSTU 5028:2008 and the rules for the veterinary and sanitary examination of poultry eggs. However, the bromine content in the eggs of all experimental groups reliably exceeded the reference value for 28 days when sodium bromide was received with feed. Even 14 days after the experiment, the content of the element reliably exceeded the control value in the eggs of chickens from the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups, which may indicate the ability of bromine to cumulate
Nicholas Roosevelt in A Front Row Seat
Authors: Mathey Éva
Published: October 2020

As Nicholas Roosevelt put it in the foreword of his memoirs a “combination of circum­stances gave [him] the front row seat at numerous important […] events in Europe during the interwar period,” which made it possible for him to “study history in the making” both as a journalist working for acknowledged dailies of the time, such as The New York Times and The New York Herald Tribune, and as a diplomat who served at various European posts in Europe including Hungary between 1930 and 1933. Due to both of these positions Hungarians considered Roosevelt a highly influential person, who could possibly air and expose Hungary’s situation in the international community after World War I, and help further the revision of the Treaty of Trianon. Drawing on his memoirs, diplomatic exchanges, as well as a selection of his newspaper and magazine articles, the essay proposes to reflect on how Roosevelt viewed Hungary, and whether his various forms of written narratives could have any effect and exert any influence in this regard.
THE GADGET GENERATION: BODY MASS INDEX AND DURATION OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SCREEN-VIEWING AMONG PRESCHOOLERS IN KUANTAN, PAHANG
Authors: Mohd Shukri Nor Azwani , Mustafa Norashikin , Rusali Roszanadia , A. Ramos Alhafizah , Ghazali Jamilah
Published: October 2020

Sedentary lifestyle due to physical inactivity and increased screen-viewing (SV) duration is one of the risk factors for childhood obesity. Thus, this study aimed to assess body mass index (BMI), SV and physical activity (PA) durations among children aged four-to-six years (N=284) attending kindergartens in urban and rural areas of Kuantan, Pahang. The SV and PA durations were estimated via a questionnaire completed by their parents. The preschoolers’ height and weight were measured using a stadiometer and a digital weighing scale, respectively. The BMI-for-age status was interpreted using the CDC growth charts and cut-off points. A total of 37.8% of respondents were underweight, 16.7% overweight/obese, while the rest had normal BMI. Almost 90% of the children were using electronic gadgets. In addition, 89.8% of them recorded >two hours/day of total SV duration, exceeding the international recommendation of <two hours/day of screen time and the Malaysian Dietary Guideline’s recommendation of <two hours/day of sedentary activity. Only 49.8% (on weekdays) and 75.4% (on weekends) of the children met the recommended one hour/day of moderate PA by the WHO. There were no significant differences of BMI, SV and PA durations between urban and rural respondents. The preschoolers in Kuantan were largely found to exceed the recommended SV duration and only half of them met the recommended PA duration on most days. This suggests that intervention is needed to curb these obesity-inducing sedentary behaviours due to long SV duration and physical inactivity among preschoolers across urban and rural areas of the Pahang capital district.
CHARACTERISTICS OF COGNITIVE STATUS OF EPILEPSY PATIENTS TREATED WITH MONOTHERAPY OF FIRST-GENERATION ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS
Authors: Harahap Herpan Syafii Harahap , Rizki Mohammad , Nurfadia Muhammad Fabian , Nabiela Amalina Syadza , Intan Purnama Sari
Published: October 2020

Epilepsy is one of the main health problems in neurology that can lead to cognitive decline. Generally, the epilepsy-associated cognitive decline is influenced by demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of cognitive status of epilepsy patients who received monotherapy using first-generation antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), namely phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproic acid. It involved 93 epilepsy patients of Mutiara Sukma Mental Hospital (n=38) and Mataram General Hospital (n=55). Besides, 93 healthy patients were assigned as healthy control group (HC) subjects (n=93). Demographic characteristics collected from epilepsy and HC groups were age, gender, and years of education. Clinical characteristics taken from both groups were MoCA-Ina score. Clinical characteristics taken from epilepsy group were age at epilepsy onset, type of seizure (partial vs generalized), etiology (idiopathic vs structural), first-generation AED used, years of treatment, and cognitive status. The result of the study revealed that there were no significant different between the two groups in the means of age and years of education as well as the frequency of male gender (p>0.05). The mean of MoCA-Ina score of epilepsy group was significantly lower compared with HC group (p<0.05). The frequency of cognitive decline among epilepsy patients was 75.3%. The cognitive functions of epilepsy patients using monotherapy with carbamazepine, phenytoin, or valproic acid was significantly lower compared with healthy subjects. We conclude that there was high prevalence of epilepsy-associated cognitive impairment which was associated with male gender.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES TOWARD ROAD SAFETY AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES-COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
Authors: Tabunar Scarlett Mia
Published: October 2020

Road traffic injury is a growing public health concern that has already caught the attention of governments and health professionals worldwide. The objectives of this study were to determine the knowledge and attitude toward road traffic regulations of medical students of the University of the Philippines-College of Medicine (UPCM) and their association with road safety practices. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2016 among UPCM medical students. Questionnaire was developed based on national laws on traffic and adopted from related literature. Data were analyzed using T-test and chi-square at 95% confidence interval utilizing software STATA V12. Among the 156 drivers who were included in the study, 89(57.05%) were men, mean age= 22.31 + 1.94, and 85 (54.49%) were involved in road traffic crash. Low overall safe driving knowledge, attitude and practices were reported while knowledge and attitude did not correlate with practice (p> 0.005). Being older was the only demographic characteristic which had significant association (p= 0.0028) with safe knowledge toward road safety while attitude on speeding (p < 0.001) and use of seat belt (p =0.007) showed significant correlations to acceptable practices on the road. Strict and consistent enforcement of traffic rules are therefore recommended.
THE PRESENCE OF RODENTS INFECTED WITH LEPTOSPIRA BACTERIA IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES AND THE LEPTOSPIROSIS POTENTIAL IN HUMANS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Nova Rusyda Ihwani Tantia , Dewi Susanna  , Gita Miranda Warsito
Published: October 2020

Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by Leptospira bacteria. It is a global public health concern, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. The aim of this review was to summarize some relevant studies that discuss the presence of rodents and the identification of Leptospira bacteria in rodents. This review also presents findings on the potential reassociation of the presence of rodents with Leptospira bacterial infections to leptospirosis cases in humans. A systematic review methodology used to minimize article selection bias that was likely to occur. During the initial search from three science databases (ProQuest, Scopus, and PubMed), 119 articles were retrieved. During the screening process, three articles were excluded due to duplication, 101 articles were excluded based on title and abstract incompatibility with the inclusion criteria, five articles were excluded due to incompatibility of article content with the inclusion criteria, and two articles were excluded because of the ineligibility with the study. In the final screening process, eight articles were chosen to be analyzed. This review found that the presence of rodents infected with Leptospira had the potential to cause leptospirosis in humans through contaminated water and soil or by direct human-to-human contact. The lead factors in the transmission of leptospirosis infection from rodents to humans are activities that take place in wetlands and rice fields, forestry work, and farming activities.
VIOLENCE-RELATED BEHAVIORS AMONG SCHOOL GOING ADOLESCENTS IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
Authors: Mat Reffien Muhammad Alimin , Shamsul Azhar Shah  , Lim KH
Published: October 2020

Violence among adolescents is a significant public health issue. The focus was on school-going adolescents because of the life-long negative impact at an individual level both for the perpetrator and victim. Besides, it increases the costs to provide health, welfare, and criminal justice as well as decreases general productivity at the community level. The study aims to determine the prevalence of violence-related behavior, characteristics of both victims and perpetrators, in addition to inter and intrapersonal factors associated with violence-related behaviors. A study was carried out in 2013, which involved all upper secondary school students (aged 16 to 17 years). It was a part of the Malaysian Adolescent Health Risk Behavior (MyAHRB) study, which was conducted in 11 states in Peninsular Malaysia. Standardized, validated questionnaires were used for data collection. The prevalence of violence-related behaviors was 22.4%, and this was higher among male students as compared to females (29.1% vs. 16.3%). Multivariable analysis revealed that the odds of violence-related behaviour increased among males, Malay race, drug use, smoking, had exposure to sex, which sometimes and always felt lonely and had attempted suicide. Agreeable to ensure that their lifestyles do not transgress religious limit and belief was significantly protective. This study provides evidence for a targeted approach to combat violence-related behaviors among adolescents.
SEXUAL NURSING CARE FOR THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD AND ITS IMPACT ON SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION AND LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG EGYPTIAN WOMEN
Authors: Nabila E. Sabola  , Marwa A. Shahin  , Khader Khaled A , Hanan M. Metwally  , Mervat M. Desoky
Published: October 2020

Many couples experience postpartum period of decreasing sexual satisfaction. Postpartum sexual dysfunction is a very common and relevant clinical problem, with significant adverse effects on women's health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of sexual nursing care for the postpartum period on sexual dysfunction and life satisfaction among Egyptian women. A quasi-experimental design was used to study 219 women selected using a purposive sample. The study was conducted in out-patients maternity clinic at Zagazig university hospitals, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, between the periods from February 2019 to February 2020. Data was collected using three tools. The first: Structured interview questionnaire that consist from three parts, part one: socio demographic characteristics , part two obstetric history and part three sexual history, the second: Female Sexual dysfunction index (FSDI), and the third: Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS).Four session about sexual education was done. The Results showed an improvement in sexuality and life satisfaction after application of sexual nursing care for the postpartum period including kegel’s exercise, positioning and distractions techniques post intervention compared to pre intervention. The study concluded that sexual nursing intervention for postpartum period improve sexual functioning and create enjoyable intercourse and there was high positive correlation between sexuality and life satisfaction after implementation of the sexual nursing care intervention. The study recommended to provide counselling /training program about sexual nursing care intervention during postpartum period for nurses working in different health care settings.
STAGES OF SMOKING CESSATION AMONG ADULT CURRENT SMOKERS IN MALAYSIA: FINDINGS FROM THE NATIONAL E-CIGARETTE SURVEY 2016
Authors: Lim Kuang Hock , Mohd Ghazali Sumarni , Lim Hui Li , Heng Pei Pei , Kee Chee Cheong  , Teh Chien Huey  , Cheah Yong Kang  , Lim Jia Hui
Published: October 2020

Identification of the stages of smoking cessation among smokers is essential to improve the rate of smoking cessation. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and factors associated with stages of smoking cessation across the demographic distribution of adult smokers in Malaysia. Data were derived from a population-based study among Malaysian adults aged 18 years and above. Face-to-face interviews were carried out by trained staff using a validated questionnaire to obtain data related to smoking from 4,288 selected respondents. Of 4,288, 438 respondents are current smokers. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with stage of smoking cessation. Approximately 60% (n=269/438) of the current smokers were in the pre-contemplation stage and 40% (n=169/438) were in the contemplation and preparation stages of smoking cessation. The proportion of pre-contemplators was higher among smokers with higher levels of nicotine addiction (71.3%), lower education attainment (71.4%), and those who were single/widowed/divorced (66.9%). Multivariable analysis showed that males, and those who reported low to high level of nicotine addiction were more likely to be in the pre-contemplation stage whilst those in the older age groups were more likely to be in the advanced stage of smoking cessation. The study revealed that the majority of current smokers in Malaysia had no intention to quit smoking within 6 months. Specific interventions targeting males, young adults and smokers with low to high nicotine addiction should be introduced to ensure the smokers proceed to the advanced stage of smoking cessation.
Antinociceptive Activity of the Essential Oil Formulation from the Roots of Saussaura lappa Clarks
Authors: Ibrahim Abdelwahab Siddig , Sunder Pancholi Shyam , Mohan Syam , Hadi Sultan Muhammad , Tripathi Pankaj , Alshahrani Saeed , Abdul Hakim Sidiqui Mohammed , Farasani Abdullah , Mohamed Elhassan Taha Manal
Published: October 2020

Saussurea lappa Clarke (Compositae) is well known as a medicinal plant. Its roots are traditionally used in alleviating pain and swelling. In the current research, we have evaluated the antinociceptive activity of essential oil obtained from the roots of S. lappa. In addition, the development and evaluation of a pharmaceutical-grade cream was also conducted in this study. Extraction of essential oil from the roots of the plant was performed by a steam distillation method using the Clevenger apparatus. The antinociceptive activity was assessed in Sprague Dawley rats using tail flick, hot plate, and analgesic-meter, where diclofenac was used as a standard reference analgesic agent. S. lappa showed analgesic activity in all test systems in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, the formulated cream obtained from the essential oil showed very promising pharmaceutical and pharmacological properties. The analgesic activity of S. lappa may be due to its interaction with opioid receptors and involvement of peripheral analgesia. The ability of S. lappa to show both slow- and fast-onset analgesic effects suggests it could be used as a drug candidate for pain management. The current findings thus warrant further research in the development of this novel analgesic agent.
PENERAPAN BUDAYA PAMALI DAN ADAT ISTIADAT DALAM KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT KAMPUNG ADAT KUTA KABUPATEN CIAMIS JAWA BARAT
Authors: DWI FAJARINI SRI , DHANURSETO DHANURSETO
Published: October 2020

Indonesia has nations and culture scattered around 17,000 ranges island, starting from sabang to the west, to marauke to the east irian jaya.Life the people in indonesia has the pattern formed based on the influence of local culture place they live.This means culture and style community life in indonesia varies.One of the influential in the life of people will examined is a culture and the community mores their kuta, kabupaten ciamis, west java. Their customary kuta shows a pattern spread out and did not feel certain .This research aims to review the application of local cultural factors in the life of the indigenous people of kampung kuta . The methodology that was used is mixed methods , with a design research used in this research was sequential exploratory designs .The data collection was done by interviews , observation and spreading kampung kuta watchful such research to the community. Results or research is the their kuta always apply cultural factors and customstheir kuta in her life, starting with the smallest to great things though because people would hold fast in culture pamali.

Keyword : culture, kuta village, the life of the people
LITERASI MEDIA PADA GENERASI MILENIAL DI ERA DIGITAL
Authors: SARI SAPTA
Published: October 2020

Media literacy in the Millennial generation in the digital era is still not well implemented. We still see and read a lot of information that is still not clear the truth on social media. This research was conducted to see how media literacy in the Millennial generation in the digital era, especially in social media. Research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach, by analyzing theories and analyzing based on phenomena that occur so that a comprehensive understanding of the application of media literacy in Millennials in the digital age is obtained. The results of the study revealed, first the literacy of the pause in the digital age is still not well implemented in society even though they are already adept at using digital devices. This bias can be seen that there is still a lot of information found that the truth is not yet distributed in social media by Millennials. Second, the Millennial generation is the term for the generation born in the 1980 to 2000 range. Those who are said to be the Millennial generation are the generation who are currently aged 19 to 40 years, or school age to productive / worker age. Third, Millennial generation interaction with social media in the digital era is very intense. This generation is very ska surfing on social media to share information, entertainment, highlight their existence, mingle with the community in chat groups. Fourth, the development of media literacy in the Millennial generation in the digital era is still not as expected. Millennials do not have good knowledge about media literacy, so there are still many violations in social media, especially in terms of filtering and disseminating information to the public.

Keywords: media literacy, millennial generation, media literacy in the digital era
The role of county competitiveness and manufacturing activity on the development of business service sectors: A precursor to territorial servitization
Authors: Horváth Krisztina , Araya Manuel , Leiva Juan Carlos
Published: October 2020

This study evaluates how regional competitiveness and relevant properties of the manufacturing industry—i.e., size and rate of manufacturing firms—impact changes in the rate of business service firms. By employing fixed-effects regression models on a sample of 81 Costa Rican counties during 2010-2016, the findings reveal that the quality of the local environment positively affects business service specialization. Besides, manufacturing businesses contribute to increase in rate of business services; however, this effect is only significant in counties with a greater manufacturing base, that is, in counties with a critical mass of manufacturers, in terms of number of manufacturers.
Exploring the relationship between KIBS co-location and the innovativeness of the manufacturing firms in Latin America
Authors: Seclen Luna Jean Pierre , Moya Fernández Pablo
Published: October 2020

Literature has provided empirical evidence showing the importance of location for understanding KIBS effective service provision. According to territorial servitization postulates KIBS are also fundamental for the development of the manufacturing firms. Despite KIBS can be an important source of innovation, limited attention is paid of KIBS in Latin America region. The purpose of this research is analysing the relationship between KIBS co-location and innovativeness of the manufacturing firms. Drawing on the World Bank Enterprise Survey 2017 for Latin-American countries, authors analyse 3,029 manufacturing firms using OLS method. Findings indicate that manufacturing firms’ location based on KIBS proximity is a critical determinant of innovativeness. This relationship is considerably stronger in Central American countries, where according to our data there is KIBS scarcity.
A Ten Years Study of The Rates and Resistance Trends of the ESKAPE Bacteria Isolated from Sterile Body Sites (2010 – 2019) at a Single Hospital
Authors: Wadi Al Ramahi M.D, FIDSA Jamal , Jamal Walid
Published: October 2020

Background

To assess the rates and trends of resistance among ESKAPE pathogens during 2010 – 2019.

Methods

A retrospective, single-center study between 2010 –2019, non-duplicate isolates from six sterile sources were studied. Pathogens were processed through the  automated VITEK-2. The Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints were referenced. The aim was to detect the rates and resistance trends of the ESKAPE pathogens, the rates of  ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae, and the carbapenem-resistant (CR)-K. pneumoniae, CRAb, CRPa, VRE, and MRSA for the inpatients. Trends for the prevalence and resistance rates were analyzed by linear regression. Missing values were averaged based on the neighboring values. Data analysis was by SPSS version 25, and statistical significance is considered for one-tailed P < 0.05.

Results

The ESKAPE bacteria (4286 isolate) comprised (45.57%) of the inpatients' isolates, the sterile sources consisted of 1421 (33.15%): K. pneumonia 272 isolates, the ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae significantly declined (Pearson R - 0.877, P = 0.001), CR-K. pneumoniae showed no significant trends (P = 0.475). P. aeruginosa 202 isolates; resistance to carbapenem (CRPa) averaged 42%. S. aureus 198 isolates; MRSA rates averaged 45%. A. baumannii 165 isolates; carbapenem-resistance (CRAb) average 93%. Vancomycin-resistant (VR)E. Faecium = 33%, and VRE. faecalis = 15% with a weighted average 17%. Enterobacter spp. resistance rates were: Amikacin 3.6%, Third and fourth generation cephalosporines 28% and 20% respectively, Quinolones 27% ± 3%, Piperacillin/tazobactam resistance 29%, Imipenem 15%, and Meropenem 27.

Conclusion

The ESKAPE pathogens were highly resistant, making treatment more complicated, and compromise the initial empiric treatment.
A Survey of 3–5.4 μm Emission from Planetary Nebulae Using SOFIA/FLITECAM
Authors: Smith Erin C. , Logsdon Sarah E. , McLean Ian S. , Fletcher Elizabeth , Vacca William D. , Becklin E. E. , Shenoy Sachindev , Savage Maureen , Hamilton Ryan T.
Published: October 2020

Here we present the results of an airborne 3–5.4 μm spectroscopic study of three young, carbon-rich planetary nebulae (PNs) IC 5117, PNG 093.9-00.1, and BD +30 3639. These observations were made using the grism spectroscopy mode of the First Light Infrared TEst CAMera (FLITECAM) instrument during airborne science operations on board NASA’s Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). The goal of this study is to characterize the 3.3 and 5.25 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) dust emission in PNs and study the evolution of PAH features within evolved stars before their incorporation into new stellar systems in star-forming regions. Targets were selected from Infrared Astronomical Satellite, Kuiper Airborne Observatory and Infrared Space Observatory source lists, and were previously observed with FLITECAM on the 3 m Shane telescope at Lick Observatory to allow direct comparison between the ground and airborne observations. We measure PAH emission equivalent width and central wavelength, classify the shape of the PAH emission, and determine the PAH/aliphatic ratio for each target. The 3.3 μm PAH emission feature is observed in all three objects. PNG 093.9-00.1 exhibits NGC 7027-like aliphatic emission in the 3.4–3.6 μm region while IC 5117 and BD +30 3639 exhibit less aliphatic structure. All three PNs additionally exhibit PAH emission at 5.25 μm.
EvryFlare. III. Temperature Evolution and Habitability Impacts of Dozens of Superflares Observed Simultaneously by Evryscope and TESS
Authors: Howard Ward S. , Corbett Hank , Law Nicholas M. , Ratzloff Jeffrey K. , Galliher Nathan , L. Glazier Amy , Gonzalez Ramses , Soto Alan Vasquez , Fors Octavi , del Ser Daniel , Haislip Joshua
Published: October 2020

Superflares may provide the dominant source of biologically relevant UV radiation to rocky habitable-zone M-dwarf planets (M-Earths), altering planetary atmospheres and conditions for surface life. The combined line and continuum flare emission has usually been approximated by a 9000 K blackbody. If superflares are hotter, then the UV emission may be 10 times higher than predicted from the optical. However, it is unknown for how long M-dwarf superflares reach temperatures above 9000 K. Only a handful of M-dwarf superflares have been recorded with multiwavelength high-cadence observations. We double the total number of events in the literature using simultaneous Evryscope and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite observations to provide the first systematic exploration of the temperature evolution of M-dwarf superflares. We also increase the number of superflaring M dwarfs with published time-resolved blackbody evolution by ∼10×. We measure temperatures at 2 minutes cadence for 42 superflares from 27 K5–M5 dwarfs. We find superflare peak temperatures (defined as the mean of temperatures corresponding to flare FWHM) increase with flare energy and impulse. We find the amount of time flares emit at temperatures above 14,000 K depends on energy. We discover that 43% of the flares emit above 14,000 K, 23% emit above 20,000 K and 5% emit above 30,000 K. The largest and hottest flare briefly reached 42,000 K. Some do not reach 14,000 K. During superflares, we estimate M-Earths orbiting <200 Myr stars typically receive a top-of-atmosphere UV-C flux of ∼120 W m−2 and up to 103 W m−2, 100–1000 times the time-averaged X-ray and UV flux from Proxima Cen.
The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: CO Excitation and Atomic Carbon in Star-forming Galaxies at z = 1–3
Authors: Boogaard Leindert A. , Werf Paul van der , Weiss Axel , Popping Gergö , Decarli Roberto , Walter Fabian , Aravena Manuel , Bouwens Rychard , Riechers Dominik , González-López Jorge , Smail Ian , Carilli Chris , Kaasinen Melanie , Daddi Emanuele , Cox Pierre , Díaz-Santos Tanio , Inami Hanae , Cortes Paulo C. , Wagg Jeff
Published: October 2020

We investigate the CO excitation and interstellar medium (ISM) conditions in a cold gas mass-selected sample of 22 star-forming galaxies at z = 0.46–3.60, observed as part of the ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (ASPECS). Combined with Very Large Array follow-up observations, we detect a total of 34 CO

transitions with J = 1 up to 8 (and an additional 21 upper limits, up to J = 10) and 6

and

transitions (and 12 upper limits). The CO(2–1) and CO(3–2)-selected galaxies, at

and 2.5, respectively, exhibit a range in excitation in their mid-J = 4, 5 and high-J = 7, 8 lines, on average lower than (

-brighter) BzK-color- and submillimeter-selected galaxies at similar redshifts. The former implies that a warm ISM component is not necessarily prevalent in gas mass-selected galaxies at

. We use stacking and Large Velocity Gradient models to measure and predict the average CO ladders at z < 2 and z ≥ 2, finding

and

, respectively. From the models, we infer that the galaxies at z ≥ 2 have intrinsically higher excitation than those at z < 2. This fits a picture in which the global excitation is driven by an increase in the star formation rate surface density of galaxies with redshift. We derive a neutral atomic carbon abundance of

, comparable to the Milky Way and main-sequence galaxies at similar redshifts, and fairly high densities (≥104 cm−3), consistent with the low-J CO excitation. Our results imply a decrease in the cosmic molecular gas mass density at z ≥ 2 compared to previous ASPECS measurements.
On Making Magnetic-flux-rope Ω Loops for Solar Bipolar Magnetic Regions of All Sizes by Convection Cells
Authors: Moore Ronald L. , Tiwari Sanjiv K. , Panesar Navdeep K. , Sterling Alphonse C.
Published: October 2020

We propose that the flux-rope Ω loop that emerges to become any bipolar magnetic region (BMR) is made by a convection cell of the Ω-loop’s size from initially horizontal magnetic field ingested through the cell’s bottom. This idea is based on (1) observed characteristics of BMRs of all spans (∼1000 to ∼200,000 km), (2) a well-known simulation of the production of a BMR by a supergranule-sized convection cell from horizontal field placed at cell bottom, and (3) a well-known convection-zone simulation. From the observations and simulations, we (1) infer that the strength of the field ingested by the biggest convection cells (giant cells) to make the biggest BMR Ω loops is ∼103 G, (2) plausibly explain why the span and flux of the biggest observed BMRs are ∼200,000 km and ∼1022 Mx, (3) suggest how giant cells might also make “failed-BMR” Ω loops that populate the upper convection zone with horizontal field, from which smaller convection cells make BMR Ω loops of their size, (4) suggest why sunspots observed in a sunspot cycle’s declining phase tend to violate the hemispheric helicity rule, and (5) support a previously proposed amended Babcock scenario for the sunspot cycle’s dynamo process. Because the proposed convection-based heuristic model for making a sunspot-BMR Ω loop avoids having ∼105 G field in the initial flux rope at the bottom of the convection zone, it is an appealing alternative to the present magnetic-buoyancy-based standard scenario and warrants testing by high-enough-resolution giant-cell magnetoconvection simulations.
Formation of Population II Star Clusters in the Aftermath of a Pair Instability Supernova
Authors: Latif Muhammad A. , Schleicher Dominik
Published: October 2020

Population II (Pop II) stars formed a few hundred million years after the Big Bang were key drivers of cosmic reionization and building blocks of high-redshift galaxies. How and when these stars formed is a subject of ongoing research. We conduct cosmological radiation hydrodynamical simulations to investigate the formation of Pop II star clusters in dark matter halos forming at z = 10–25 in the aftermath of a pair instability supernova (PISN). Our simulations model the formation of Population III and Pop II stars in a self-consistent manner along with their radiative, chemical, and SN feedback in halos of 5 × 105–7 × 107
M
⊙. We find that a PISN evacuates the gas from halos ≤3 × 106
M
⊙ and thereafter shuts off in situ star formation for at least 30 Myr. Pop II stellar clusters of 923 M
⊙ and 6800 M
⊙ form in halos of 3.8 × 107
M
⊙ and 9 × 107
M
⊙, respectively. The mode of star formation is highly episodic and mainly regulated by Pop II SN feedback. The average star formation rates are 10−5–10−4
M
⊙ yr−1, and the star formation efficiency is less than 1%.