bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International Banking and Cross-Border Effects of Regulation: Lessons from the United States
Authors: Correa Ricardo , Niepmann Friederike , Berrospide Jose , Goldberg Linda
Published: September 2016

Domestic prudential regulation can have unintended effects across borders and may be less effective in an environment where banks operate globally. Using U.S. micro-banking data for the first quarter of 2000 through the third quarter of 2013, this study shows that some regulatory changes indeed spill over. First, a foreign country's tightening of limits on loan-to-value ratios and local currency reserve requirements increase lending growth in the United States through the U.S. branches and subsidiaries of foreign banks. Second, foreign tightening of capital requirements shifts lending by U.S. global banks away from the country where the tightening occurs to the United States and to other countries. Third, tighter U.S. capital regulation reduces lending by large U.S. global banks to foreign residents.
Intermediación, empresas y mercados de trabajo en las producciones de vid de la región de Cuyo, Argentina
Authors: Neiman Guillermo , Quaranta Germán
Published: September 2016

Este artículo aborda la problemática de la intermediación laboral en el contexto de agriculturas reestructuradas asociadas a cultivos de calidad. En estos escenarios productivos la intermediación laboral redefine sus formas, complejiza sus funciones y reconfigura sus características. Concretamente se aborda este fenómeno en la producción de vides de calidad (para la elaboración de vinos y para el consumo en fresco) localizadas en la región de Cuyo de la Argentina.  Se destaca su importancia en la configuración de un mercado de trabajo altamente ocasional donde a través de la intermediación no sólo se contrata trabajadores sino que también se organiza, supervisa y controla el proceso de trabajo propiamente dicho. Además, se muestra la influencia de las condiciones locales en las prácticas y alcance de la intermediación en cada una de las áreas y producciones analizadas.
Presentación
Authors: Martínez Valle Luciano , Sánchez Kim , Riella Alberto
Published: September 2016

Introducción al Tema Central.
Interregional Migration of Youths in Russia: A Comprehensive Analysis of Demographic Statistics
Authors: Kashnitsky Ilya , Mkrtchyan Nikita , Leshukov Oleg
Published: September 2016

Not dissimilar to many other countries, migration in Russia has a pronounced age-dependent pattern with the peak intensity at the age when people obtain higher and professional education. In this paper, we analyze migration intensity at student age (17–21) using three sources of demographic data with regard to their key opportunities and limitations. We compare the migration attractiveness of Russian regions in three ways. First, we apply APC analysis to the current migration statistical data, separately for two periods: 2003–2010 and 2011–2013. The reason for sampling these two periods is because there was a significant change in the migration statistics collection practices in 2011. Second, we use the age-shift method to analyze the data of the 2002 and 2010 Russian censuses. We offer a way to refine the census data by discarding the non-migration-related changes in the age-sex structure. Finally, we use information about the ratio between the number of school graduates and that of full-time high school enrolments in the academic years 2012/13 and 2013/14 across the regions. Based on the four indicators of migration intensity (intercensal estimates, statistical records for the two periods, and the graduate-enrolment ratio), we develop a rating of Russian regions in migration attractiveness for student-aged youths. A position in this rating depends not only on the level of higher education development in a region but also on the consistent patterns of interregional migration in Russia. The regions in the European part of the country have a much higher chance to attract migrants at student ages.
Social Capital of Students in the Light of Social Networks: Structure and Key Actors Analysis
Authors: Krekhovets Ekaterina , Poldin Oleg
Published: September 2016

Thе social capital of students is an important resource developed at university, along with professional competencies. We analyze friendship and study help networks among first-year students, examine network structures, and calculate network parameters and correlations between them. Student relations in different programmes are identical in nature, which is proven by similar structures of both friendship and help networks. We identify statistically significant correlations between network parameters of outcoming and incoming interpersonal ties, as well as between academic performance and peer network status. Friendship ties are more numerous, stable and reciprocal than study help ones. Each network has students who hold the key positions in terms of betweenness and popularity. Academic performance is a significant factor affecting student status in study help networks. We suggest that students holding the key positions in both betweenness and popularity enjoy the best opportunities for using their social capital. higher education, social capital, social networks, study help networks, friendship networks, popularity, network centrality, betweenness.
Computed Tomographic Characterization of Traumastem—A New Oxidized Cellulose Hemostatic Agent
Authors: Lewis Paul B. , Wilson Scott T. , Kentala Dustin R. , Barry John , Lewis Kevin M.
Published: September 2016

Oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) is a commonly used surgical hemostatic agent. When retained at the surgical site, it is frequently misdiagnosed on postoperative computed tomography (CT) images as an abscess or a recurrent tumor. Oxidized nonregenerated cellulose (ONC) is a new, more effective version of ORC. It is more effective because of its unorganized fiber structure and greater material density, which may also alter its appearance on CT images relative to ORC. This image report compares the CT characteristics of ONC and ORC. A rabbit's bilateral femoral arteries were punctured to model peripheral vascular surgery. ORC was used to treat 1 of the femoral artery punctures and ONC to treat the contralateral puncture. Noncontrast CT imaging was performed immediately following surgery (day 0) and on postoperative day 14. On day 0, both ORC and ONC were isoattenuating relative to muscle and hyperattenuating to fat, although ONC appears more homogenous. On day 14, neither ORC nor ONC was clearly identifiable. Thus, postoperative retention of ONC can obscure immediate postoperative CT interpretation and, similar to ORC, lead to an erroneous diagnosis of an abscess. By day 14, ONC retention may not obscure CT interpretation. In noncontrast CT imaging, ONC appears more homogeneous than ORC, but is otherwise indistinguishable. The greater homogeneity of ONC may be caused by the unorganized fiber structure or greater material density. Intraoperative use of ONC should be clinically investigated before radiographically diagnosing a postoperative abscess or recurrent tumor.
Erratum: Wangerin et al. (2015)
Authors: Wangerin Kristen , Muzi Mark , Peterson Lanell , Linden Hannah , Novakova Alena , O’Sullivan Finbarr , Kurland Brenda , Mankoff David , Kinahan Paul
Published: September 2016

Prior reports have suggested that delayed 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) oncology imaging can improve the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for known lesions. Our goal was to estimaterealistic bounds for lesion detectability for static measurements within 1 to 4 hours between FDG injectionand image acquisition. Tumor and normal tissue kinetic model parameters were estimated from dynamic PETstudies of patients with early-stage breast cancer. These parameters were used to generate time-activitycurves (TACs) for up to 4 hours, for which we assumed both nonreversible and reversible models with differ-ent rates of FDG dephosphorylation (k4). For each pair of tumor and normal tissue TACs, 600 PET sinogramrealizations were generated, and images were reconstructed using the ordered subsets expectation maximi-zation reconstruction algorithm. Test statistics for each tumor and normal tissue region of interest were outputfrom the computer model observers and evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic analysis, with thecalculated area under the curve (AUC) providing a measure of lesion detectability. For the nonreversiblemodel (k4 = 0), the AUC increased in 11 of 23 (48%) patients for 1 to 2 hours after the current standardpostradiotracer injection imaging window of 1 hour. This improvement was driven by increased tumor/nor-mal tissue contrast before the impact of increased noise that resulted from radiotracer decay began to domi-nate the imaging signal. Ask4was increased from 0 to 0.01 min−1, the time of maximum detectabilityshifted earlier, due to decreasing FDG concentration in the tumor lowering the CNR. These results imply thatdelayed PET imaging may reveal inconspicuous lesions that otherwise would have gone undetected.
Getting to know you: The development of intercultural competence as an essential element in learning Mandarin
Authors: Jin Tinghe
Published: September 2016

The role of cultural dimensions in the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language in the UK is not as fully understood as it needs to be, especially in relation to developing students' abilities with intercultural communication. This paper adopts an ecological perspective on learning
another language and seeks to contribute to the field of teaching and learning a foreign language through an investigation of the perceptions and experiences of university-based learners of Chinese. Learners' perceptions and experiences might productively be conceptualized with an ecology
metaphor which provides analysts with a complex view of the learning and use of language based on a consideration of time and space. This present study focuses on one aspect of a broader research project in which the author investigated a group of students studying Chinese at universities
in London and other British cities whose construction of culture and intercultural competence while learning Chinese as a foreign language was based on their learning experiences and intercultural encounters. In what follows we consider the concept of 'language distance' in order to understand
both the linguistic and social space that students of Chinese need to overcome. Drawing from the research data, the paper also considers the notion of intercultural communication and learning as arising from a seamless interaction between different layers of fluid social processes. The paper
argues that Chinese as a foreign language in higher education can provide resources for developing intercultural dimensions of learning. The paper concludes by stressing that changes in approach to teaching and learning Chinese are increasingly necessary because of the rapid changes that are
taking place within the social and political ecology of China and the Chinese language.
Profession or passion?: Teaching Chinese in London Chinese complementary schools
Authors: Wang Danlu
Published: September 2016

As academic interest in Chinese complementary schools has grown, insufficient attention has been paid to the role and experiences of teachers working in these schools. This paper has drawn from accounts of Chinese complementary schoolteachers in London, together with the author's personal
experiences of working as a teacher in one such school. The paper analyses recent changes in the demographic of these schools and also the changing discourse field that surrounds them. The discussion then progresses to consideration of the impact of these changes upon Chinese complementary
schools, especially with regard to teachers' experience. This paper examines the pattern of professional training that exists among this growing segment of teachers, identifying issues for the future. The paper asks why it is that so many teachers who bring very positive commitment and engagement
to their professional role do so in the face of poor funding and pay. Finally, the paper focuses on new challenges for teachers in their classrooms with the aim of providing directions for future development and research.
International academic franchises: Identifying the benefits of international academic franchise provision
Authors: Pon Kevin , Ritchie Caroline
Published: September 2016

This paper is an exploratory study of the benefits that institutions of higher education can gain when entering into partnerships of academic franchising, an international activity which has been increasing in popularity over the past few decades. The paper looks at the current literature
on academic franchising and then goes on to study, through case studies and direct observation, franchising from the perspective of four different institutions in four different countries. The paper reveals that very often there are multiple benefits to be gained which are not necessarily
sought when the institutions enter such partnerships. Contrary to previous academic literature the study also reveals that there is a much greater flow of these benefits from one institution to another and thus provides a new richer model that has changed from the 'parent child' model to that
of a more evenly balanced model where both partners are benefiting from mutual cooperation.
Motivating and supporting young people to study mathematics: A London perspective
Authors: Mujtaba Tamjid , Reiss Michael J. , Hodgson Ann
Published: September 2016

This paper explores which classroom and teacher factors are associated with post-16 mathematics aspirations, mathematics intrinsic motivation, and mathematics self-concept. Few studies explore all three outcomes among the same set of students or make linkages across the factors that
are important to these outcomes. The analysis is based on the survey responses of 761 Year 8 (age 13) and 715 Year 10 (age 15) students from 17 London schools as learners of mathematics. The analysis indicates that teaching for engagement is important for intrinsic mathematics motivation but
not for future mathematics aspirations. In addition, students' emotional responses to mathematics lessons are important for their mathematics self-concept but not for future mathematics aspirations. Advice-pressure to continue with mathematics post-16, extrinsic material gain motivation, and
mathematics self-concept underpin mathematics aspirations (even after controlling for the support students received from their families in mathematics attainment). The gender difference within mathematics self-concept among these young Londoners was higher than that found across England, although
there were substantially fewer gender differences in relation to questions that explored students' perceptions of their mathematics lessons and teachers. The article concludes with some suggestions for both national and London policymakers because the study of mathematics is seen as of considerable
importance to both young people and the economic life of the capital.
Equality and inclusion of the Palestinian minority in mixed Israeli schools: A case study of Jaffa's Weizman School
Authors: Leoncini Sabina
Published: September 2016

The Israeli education system is primarily shaped by the religious nature of the state, although there are some mixed schools where both Palestinian and Israeli children learn together. Jaffa is unique within the system due to its history and its Palestinian minority, and the Weizman
School is an interesting case as parents are particularly involved in the school's choices. Several initiatives in Jaffa aim to cultivate a multicultural and egalitarian education, and their differing results are discussed here. The article suggests new directions for the future, taking into
consideration the viewpoints that emerge from the interviews with teachers and parents.
Mind the gap between the policy announcements and implementation: The Youth Contract and Jobcentre Plus advisers' role as careers educators for 18–24-year olds
Authors: Cagliesi Gabriella , Hawkes Denise
Published: September 2016

Access to careers education for young people has been in decline under the Conservative–Liberal Democrat Coalition Government due to changes in regulations and funding. Therefore it has become vital to deliver the commitments made in the Youth Contract to provide careers advice
through Jobcentre Plus advisers. At the same time, other policy changes have put Jobcentre Plus advisers increasingly in the role of benefit enforcers. This paper explores how these two roles interact with each other and influence the experience of young people trying to access careers advice.
We propose a framework that would encourage the development of a Jobcentre Plus fit for the purpose of the Youth Contract.
Examining the assessment literacy of external examiners
Authors: Medland Emma
Published: September 2016

External scrutiny of higher education courses is evident globally, but the use of an external examiner from another institution for the purposes of quality assurance has been a distinguishing feature of UK higher education since the 1830s. However, the changing higher education context
has led to mounting criticism of the system and the identification of a number of largely unchallenged assumptions underpinning it. One such assumption is that external examiners are assessment literate. This study evaluates levels of assessment literacy demonstrated within the written reports
of external examiners. Findings indicate variable levels of assessment literacy and identify aspects of the concept that require attention. Wider questions concerning the conceptualization and future development of the external examining system are considered.
Reflections on academics' assessment literacy
Authors: Lees Rebecca , Anderson Deborah
Published: September 2016

This small-scale, mixed-methods study aims to investigate academics' understanding of formative and summative assessment methods and how assessment literacy impacts on their teaching methods. Six semi-structured interviews and a scrutiny of assessments provided the data and results
suggest that while these academics understand summative assessment, they have a poorer awareness of the implementation of well-constructed formative assessment. While the academics were able to clearly articulate the perceived benefits to students from undertaking formative assessments, they
were less able to identify potential benefits for themselves as educators, so these went largely unrealized. Opportunities therefore exist for tutors to utilize the outcomes of formative assessment to improve student performance, particularly around tutor-reflection to amend future learning
and teaching approaches in line with the theory underpinning summative and formative assessment methods. The study highlights the importance of considering all stakeholders when thinking about assessment literacy.
Portal Pedagogy: From interdisciplinarity and internationalization to transdisciplinarity and transnationalization
Authors: Monk Nicholas , McDonald Sarah , Pasfield-Neofitou Sarah , Lindgren Mia
Published: September 2016

Education in the twenty-first century is characterized by narratives of global connectivity. Opportunities offered by digital technologies, connectivity through mobile platforms, and social media, reinforced by changing expectations of students and parents, have put pressure on universities
to reimagine global learning and flexible delivery contained in a modern higher degree. The higher education sector has sought to address these developments in a number of ways: through intensified student exchange and recruitment, the establishment of off-shore campuses, an expanding online
delivery presence, and by increasing flexibility of delivery for on-campus students. While each of the current options taken up by universities addresses different aspects of these trends in the sector, all have inherent problems and imbalances in their approach. In this paper we reflect on
the effectiveness of the current trends in international education and propose that the innovative 'Portal Pedagogy' approach outlined here makes a significant contribution to higher education. The pedagogy connects geographically distant students through technology and curriculum to create
a student-centred community of inquiry neither bound by disciplines nor countries. Bringing together cross-disciplinary interaction, studentdriven learning, and technological solutions to pedagogical and logistical challenges, Portal Pedagogy offers a hybrid model that seeks to go beyond the
limitations of online delivery and student exchange programmes in order to offer a flexible, meaningful, and globalized learning experience.
Benchmarking London in the PISA rankings
Authors: Jerrim John , Wyness Gill
Published: September 2016

The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is an important international study of 15-year-olds' academic achievement. Although PISA has traditionally been used to draw comparisons across countries, there is growing interest in the production of regional (i.e. city, state,
or provincial level) results. In this paper we present the first attempt to benchmark London in the PISA rankings. Pooling data across the 2009 and 2012 survey waves, we estimated a 95 per cent confidence interval for London's mathematics, reading, and science PISA scores. These are compared
not only to country-level averages, but also to the scores of other major world cities and states. The paper concludes by discussing how these results should be interpreted, and possible directions for future research.
Language education in a multilingual city: The case of Limassol
Authors: Nicolaou Anna , Parmaxi Antigoni , Papadima-Sophocleous Salomi , Boglou Dimitrios
Published: September 2016

This paper aims to provide an overview of the current situation of multilingualism and language education in the city of Limassol, Cyprus. The multicultural character of Limassol is reflected in every aspect of city life, and is notably reflected in the sector of education. Therefore,
there is a need to delve into the situation of language education, as this is manifested in affordances and policies, and in daily encounters, within the educational context. Drawing both from primary and secondary data, the study examines issues such as good practices in language learning
for immigrants and the role of linguistic support.
Toronto: A new global city of learning
Authors: Hamlin Daniel , Davies Scott
Published: September 2016

Toronto, Canada, is emblematic of a new stratum of global cities. Unlike many world capitals, the city has gained stature only over the past half century, having successfully post-industrialized into a new economy and become a major world centre for immigration. Paradoxically, education
has emerged as both a major driver of change and a divider of social wellbeing in the city. To interpret this paradox, we discuss: (1) how Toronto is a node in a global education policy network, particularly as an exporter of equity-oriented reforms; (2) how the city's own school system reflects
ongoing tensions between forward-looking ideals and its own historical legacies; and (3) how goals of integration are being challenged by new pressures for educational differentiation, which are themselves driven by competing conceptions of multiculturalism and movements for school choice.
¿Qué ha pasado con la aplicación del estudio de tiempos y movimientos en las últimas dos décadas?: Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Ovalle-Castiblanco Alex Mauricio , Cárdenas Aguirre Diana María
Published: September 2016

El estudio de tiempos y movimientos es una técnica de la ingeniería industrial que busca aumentar la productividad de las organizaciones, eliminando en forma sistemática las operaciones que no agregan valor al proceso y se constituye en la base para la estandarización de los tiempos de operación.El presente trabajo pretende identificar la aplicación que el estudio de tiempos y movimientos ha tenido durante las últimas dos décadas, así como las técnicas y herramientas más utilizadas y los sectores a los que ha sido aplicado; para lo cual fueron consultadas las bases de datos Science Direct y Web of Science y se utilizó la herramienta tecnológica de análisis de redes de citaciones denominada tree of science, desarrollada en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales. A partir del análisis se pudo determinar que el estudio de tiempos con cronómetro, aplicado en su forma tradicional, es la técnica más utilizada para la medición de las tareas, adicionalmente se presenta una notoria tendenciaa la realización de investigaciones en el sector salud.
¿El final de la curva de Kuznets de carbono? Un análisis semiparamétrico para la América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Zilio Mariana , Caraballo M. Ángeles
Published: September 2016

La curva de Kuznets de carbono ha sido un tema ampliamente estudiado por la economía ambiental empírica y altamente controversial debido sobre todo a sus consecuencias para la elaboración política contra el cambio climático. Este trabajo está dirigido a analizar la relación entre emisiones de dióxido de carbono y producto para un conjunto de países de la América Latina y el Caribe utilizando un enfoque semiparamétrico. Los resultados confirman la inexistencia de una curva de Kuznets de carbono en la región y ofrecen pruebas en favor de un proceso de relocalización de emisiones, verificando la hipótesis del paraíso de contaminadores en los países de menores ingresos. En este contexto, “esperar y crecer” es una solución totalmente inviable para la situación ambiental en la América Latina y el Caribe. En su lugar, surge con urgencia la necesidad de crear una política climática dirigida a adaptar y mitigar los efectos del cambio climático en la región
Study on Insulator Flashover Voltage Gradient Correction Considering Soluble Pollution Constituents
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Zhang Zhijing , Jiang Xingliang , Yang Zhongyi , Zhao Jiayao , Li Yongfu
Published: September 2016

Natural polluted insulator surfaces are always coated with various kinds of soluble constituents, and those constituents affect flashover performance differentially. Currently this fact is not considered either in laboratory experiments or field pollution degree measurements, causing the existing insulation selection method to be deficient. In this paper a systematical research on insulator flashover voltage gradient correction involving types of soluble pollution constituents was presented. Taking typical type glass insulator as the sample, its flashover tests polluted by typical soluble chemicals NaCl, NaNO3, KNO3, NH4NO3, MgSO4, Ca(NO3)2 and CaSO4 were carried out. Then the flashover gradient correction was made combining the flashover performance of each soluble constituent, the ESDD contribution of the seven constituents, as well as the saturation performance of CaSO4. The correction was well verified with the flashover test results of insulator polluted by three types of soluble mixture. Research results indicate that the flashover gradient correction method proposed by this paper performs well in reducing the calculating error. It is recommended to carry out component measurements and flashover gradient correction to better select outdoor insulation configuration.
Row Spacing and Seeding Rate Effects on Canola Population, Weed Competition, and Yield in Winter Organic Canola Production
Authors: Vann R. A. , Reberg‐Horton S. C. , Brinton C. M.
Published: September 2016

Increasing seeding rate and widening row spacing to allow for between row cultivation may reduce weed competition in organic canola (Brassica napus L.) production. Research was conducted to evaluate the effects of row spacing and seeding rate on canola population, weed competition, and yield in organic canola production. Canola variety Hornet was planted at five seeding rates (3.4, 6.7, 10.1, 13.4, and 16.8 kg ha−1) at three row spacings (17, 34, 68 cm) in Goldsboro, Kinston, and Salisbury, NC, in 2011 and 2012. Between row cultivation was performed in the 68‐cm row spacing as weather permitted. Canola population increased with increasing seeding rate across all row spacings, and canola populations were highest with the 17‐cm row spacing, followed by the 34‐ then 68‐cm row spacings. Yield was similar across row spacings at the lower seeding rates in five of the six environments. At these environments, yield tended to increase in the 17‐cm row spacing as seeding rate increased but declined in the 68‐cm row spacing with increasing seeding rate. In one environment with a unique weed community, weed suppression and yield were higher with the 68‐cm row spacing. It was concluded that the yield plasticity of canola will provide producers flexibility in selecting row spacing, and seeding rate selections should be based on desired row spacing.

Core Ideas

Increasing canola seeding rate and widening row spacing to allow for between row cultivation may serve as mechanisms to reduce weed competition in canola production, but have rarely been evaluated in organic production. This study was conducted to evaluate seeding rate and row spacing effects on weed competition and yield in organic canola production.

Despite different canola populations across canola row spacings, yield tended to be similar at low seeding rates across the row spacings indicating canola has the ability to compensate for low population.

Depending on the weed species at your environment, widening row spacing to allow for between row cultivation may prove critical for reducing weed competition and increasing canola yield.

Yield tended to increase with increases in seeding rate at the 17‐cm row spacing, however yield declines were observed with higher seeding rates in the 68‐cm row spacing, which is likely attributed to intraspecific competition.

Organic canola producers have flexibility when selecting row spacing and seeding rates due to the great plasticity of canola.
Identification and Validation of SNP Markers Linked to the Stripe Rust Resistance Gene Yr5 in Wheat
Authors: Naruoka Yukiko , Ando Kaori , Bulli Peter , Muleta Kebede T. , Rynearson Sheri , Pumphrey Michael O.
Published: September 2016

Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici) is a devastating disease for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production worldwide. Yr5 is a race‐specific resistance gene, effective to all races that have been identified in the United States. Therefore, it has been increasingly used for US cultivar development. The goal of this study was to identify and validate single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers tightly linked with Yr5, evaluate their usefulness with a diverse set of wheat materials, and dissect the Yr5 region to search for candidate genes using a comparative genomic approach. Competitive allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) markers based on Illumina iSelect 9000 SNP loci IWA6121 and IWA4096 were identified as flanking markers for Yr5 in two spring wheat recombinant inbred line populations that were developed from crosses between moderately susceptible line ‘WA8149’ and Yr5 donors ‘S0900317’ and ‘S0900163.’ These markers were closer to the gene than previously reported markers. Haplotype analysis based on loci of these KASP markers in a set of the Pacific Northwest spring and winter wheat lines and a worldwide spring wheat core collection showed that the combined haplotype for these markers is nearly diagnostic for the presence of Yr5. The Yr5‐syntenic regions in Brachypodium and rice (Oryza sativa L.) contained a putative gene encoding a nucleotide binding site–leucine‐rich repeat disease resistance protein. Wheat gene Traes_2BL_B5FC3BC9E showed high similarity with these Brachypodium and rice genes, and a marker designed from this gene was mapped closest to Yr5 in the recombinant inbred line populations. This study provides useful SNP markers for Yr5 in wheat breeding programs and resources for potential map‐based cloning of Yr5.
Interspecific Competition and Complementation is a Function of N Management in Maize‐Pea Intercropping Systems
Authors: Zhao Cai , Chai Qiang , Zhao Yanhua , Mu Yanping , Zhang Yan , Yu Aizhong , Feng Fuxue , Liu Chang , Yin Wen , Hu Falong
Published: September 2016

Intercropping as an effective system for increasing crop yield. However, little is known about how the two intercrops compete for resources under resource‐limiting environments. Here, we quantified the competitiveness of the intercrops in response to soil available N during their co‐growth period, and determined the complementary effect of one intercrop to the other. A long‐season maize was alternated in field strips with a short‐season pea under four (N0, N1, N2, and N3) N management systems in northwestern China in 2012 and 2013. The maize‐pea intercropping, coupled with N application, can enhance crop yield. Compared with N0 treatment, N application increased the competitiveness of intercropped maize to pea by 18 to 33% during the co‐growth period. After pea harvest, the intercropped maize obtained a complementary effect, where it was grown under N0, N1, N2, and N3 managements increased the growth rate by 20, 21, 11, and 17%, respectively, compared with monoculture maize. The yield of intercropping system is a quadratic relationship with the interspecies competitiveness, with the competitiveness value of –0.059 to –0.076 being most conducive to improve the grain yield. We conclude that the treatment on 20% of the total amount of N top‐dressed at maize jointing, 50% at pretasseling, and the remaining N topdressed 10 d postflowering provided the greatest benefits for minimizing intercrop competitiveness while enhancing the complementary effect among the four N managements investigated.
Pilot size matters: the case of a full scale pilot for P-recovery from digestate in Belgium
Authors: Geerts Sam , Marchi Adrien , Saerens Bart , Weemaes Marjoleine
Published: September 2016

In Leuven, Belgium, a full-scale pilot plant to test P-recovery from digested municipal wastewater sludge was built in April 2013. This paper illustrates the value of using large-size pilot-plant by explaining the economic evaluation of the installation. The uncertainty analysis of the price per tonne of phosphorus (P) recovered on the basis of the information available during planning is compared with analyses after six months and then two years of operation. It is shown that the most sensitive of the economic model's parameters should determine the size of the pilot-plant.
Mine water: chemical composition and treatment
Authors: Arefieva Olga D. , Shapkin Nikolai P. , Gruschakova Natalia V. , Prokuda Natalia A.
Published: September 2016

Hydrochemical studies of mine water on abandoned Nagornaya mine showed that they are weakly alkaline with high color, permanganate demand (PD) and content of iron cations compared to Russian state legislation standards for natural water of a different type. Mine water are polluted with Na, Li, Cu, Ni and Sr cations, while gas chromatography identified some saturated hydrocarbons, mainly from С22Н46 to С32Н66. The study demonstrates a developed technology of local mine water treatment with a high color, PD and iron concentration. The scheme offered includes two basic stages: electrochemical oxidation with industrial ruthenium-titanium oxide electrode comprising 30% RuO2 and 70% TiO2, and electric coagulation on Al-anodes. As per the scheme, the content of easily oxidable organic substances, iron cations and color are reduced to environmental quality standards.
Technical research on controlling major karst water hazards in China coalmines
Authors: Gui Herong , Lin Manli , Song Xiaomei
Published: September 2016

Karst water is one of the major water hazards in China coalmines, causing frequent mine flooding and sever human casualties. This article, starting out on the spatial relation between mining facility and karst aquifer, extensively illustrates the techniques to identify water burst risks in karst aquifer and field testing methods of key parameters; primary water hazards control techniques for specific mining conditions and hydrogeological properties, such as retaining water-resistant safety rock pillar, water draining and depressurizing, bottom aquifuge consolidation grouting and revamp. All achievements can be of reference to other coal-producing countries confronted with karst water hazards.
Phosphorus Removal in Constructed Stormwater Wetland Mesocosms Amended with Water Treatment Residuals
Authors: Vacca K. , Komlos J. , Wadzuk B. M.
Published: September 2016

Constructed stormwater wetlands (CSWs) reduce stormwater volume and improve water quality. One quality improvement is the removal of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP). There has been limited study on SRP fate and transport or on the mechanisms to improve SRP removal due to the difficulty in quantifying the complex, spatially heterogeneous removal processes in two‐dimensional flow. The present research analyzed the ability of wetland soil (Control) and wetland soil amended with 2%, 5%, and 8% (by mass) of aluminum‐based water treatment residuals (AlWTRs) to remove SRP in surface‐flow vegetated CSW mesocosms. Batch adsorption experiments showed increasing SRP sorption capacity with increased AlWTR content (590–850 mg/kg soil) compared to the Control (385 mg/kg soil); however, AlWTR‐amended flowing mesocosms removed only 6.0–8.8 mg/kg SRP compared to 9.3 mg/kg SRP for the Control. The lack of increased SRP removal in AlWTR‐amended mesocosms was attributed to flow dynamics (only 20% of the surface outflow was quantified as subsurface flow). These results suggest the extent of infiltration versus surface flow is key to soil amendments improving SRP removal in a CSW.
The interactive effects of personality and burnout on knowledge sharing among teachers
Authors: Zhang Jinfeng , Zhou Mingjie , Zhang Jianxin
Published: September 2016

Knowledge sharing is an important organizational resource and should be encouraged in the field of teaching. We used a cross-sectional design, and 796 teachers in primary or secondary schools completed measures of the Big Five personality traits, burnout, and knowledge sharing. The
results showed that (a) in the regression model, the traits of extraversion and agreeableness were positively associated with knowledge sharing, but conscientiousness, openness, and neuroticism were not significant in predicting knowledge sharing; (b) burnout was negatively associated with
knowledge sharing after controlling for personality; and (c) burnout moderated the relationship between personality and knowledge sharing; that is, compared with those with a high score for burnout symptoms, the relationship between personality and knowledge sharing was stronger for those
with a low score for burnout symptoms. The results suggest that interventions aimed at reducing teachers' burnout might be helpful for improving their knowledge sharing.
How social support style affects financial risk-taking behavior: A cross-cultural study
Authors: Wang Lili , Zhou Danping , Hu Liang
Published: September 2016

The impact of the level of social support on risky financial behaviors has been extensively investigated. However, the impact of different styles of social support on these behaviors has so far been ignored by researchers. We examined whether or not different styles of social support
are related to risky financial behaviors. Participants in our descriptive correlational study were a convenience sample of White North American (n = 149) and Chinese (n = 173) university students. Results showed that the Chinese students received more guidance and less emotional
social support than did the White North American students, and that the Chinese students were more likely to take risks in financial domains than the White North American students were. Results also showed that emotional social support was negatively related to risky financial behaviors, but
guidance was positively related to risky financial behaviors. More important, the results demonstrated that cross-cultural differences in social support can partly mediate cross-cultural differences in risky financial behaviors.
Professional autonomy, group cohesion, and job complexity affect researchers' organizational commitment
Authors: Jung Jaehwan , Nam Changi , Lee Euehun , Kim Seongcheol
Published: September 2016

We examined the effects of professional autonomy and group cohesion on the organizational commitment of research and development (R&D) professionals, taking into account the moderating role of job complexity in this relationship. Participants were 264 full-time researchers who each
had over 5 years' tenure at an international information technology institute in South Korea, and who completed surveys assessing their professional autonomy, group cohesion, and job complexity. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that professional autonomy, group cohesion,
and job complexity positively affected organizational commitment. Moreover, job complexity had a positive moderating effect on the relationship between professional autonomy and group cohesion in connection with organizational commitment. These findings clarify the psychological attitude of
R&D professionals in relation to professional autonomy, group cohesion, and job complexity.
E-mass customization: Effects of self-congruity and functional congruity on consumer responses
Authors: Park Minjung , Yoo Jungmin
Published: September 2016

Following the increasing popularity of mass customization in the online retailing environment, we investigated the effects of self-congruity and functional congruity on consumer responses. Female online shoppers (N = 303) in South Korea participated in an online survey. The results
showed that the match between ideal self-concept and the customized product was a strong determinant of emotional product attachment. Functional congruity influenced emotional product attachment and perceived quality, which, in turn, influenced behavioral intentions. We also observed a moderating
role of self-monitoring, such that, for high self-monitors ideal congruity influenced emotional product attachment, whereas for low self-monitors functional congruity influenced emotional product attachment and perceived quality. Thus, we provided both empirical support for the effects of
ideal congruity and functional congruity on consumer responses in an online mass customization context, and a new perspective for those seeking to enhance the effectiveness of mass customization.
Fatty Liver and Chronic Kidney Disease: Novel Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: Musso Giovanni , Cassader Maurizio , Cohney Solomon , De Michieli Franco , Pinach Silvia , Saba Francesca , Gambino Roberto
Published: September 2016

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). ESRD or CVD develop in a substantial proportion of patients with CKD receiving standard-of-care therapy, and mortality in CKD remains unchanged. These data suggest that key pathogenetic mechanisms underlying CKD progression go unaffected by current treatments. Growing evidence suggests that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and CKD share common pathogenetic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Common nutritional conditions predisposing to both NAFLD and CKD include excessive fructose intake and vitamin D deficiency. Modulation of nuclear transcription factors regulating key pathways of lipid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis, including peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors and farnesoid X receptor, is advancing to stage III clinical development. The relevance of epigenetic regulation in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and CKD is also emerging, and modulation of microRNA21 is a promising therapeutic target. Although single antioxidant supplementation has yielded variable results, modulation of key effectors of redox regulation and molecular sensors of intracellular energy, nutrient, or oxygen status show promising preclinical results. Other emerging therapeutic approaches target key mediators of inflammation, such as chemokines; fibrogenesis, such as galectin-3; or gut dysfunction through gut microbiota manipulation and incretin-based therapies. Furthermore, NAFLD per se affects CKD through lipoprotein metabolism and hepatokine secretion, and conversely, targeting the renal tubule by sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors can improve both CKD and NAFLD. Implications for the treatment of NAFLD and CKD are discussed in light of this new therapeutic armamentarium.
2016 Presidential Address: Diabetes at 212°—Confronting the Invisible Disease
Authors: Schatz Desmond
Published: September 2016

This address was delivered by Desmond Schatz, MD, President, Medicine & Science, of the American Diabetes Association (ADA), at the Association’s 76th Scientific Sessions in New Orleans, LA, on 12 June 2016. Dr. Schatz is Professor and Associate Chairman of Pediatrics, Medical Director of the University of Florida Diabetes Institute, and Director of the Clinical Research Center at the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. A physician-scientist, he has been involved in type 1 diabetes research since the mid-1980s and has published over 300 articles and book chapters. Dr. Schatz’s research focuses on the prediction, natural history, genetics, immunopathogenesis, and prevention of type 1 diabetes, as well as the treatment of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. He is the principal investigator on several National Institutes of Health, JDRF, and other competitively funded grants. Dr. Schatz earned his medical degree from the University of the Witwatersrand School of Medicine in Johannesburg, South Africa, and completed his residency and fellowship at the University of Florida. He has been an ADA volunteer for over 30 years and has served on the Professional Practice Committee (twice), Scientific Sessions Meeting Planning Committee, Publications Policy Committee (Chair), Government Relations Committee, Youth Strategies Committee, and Board of Directors. A board-certified pediatric endocrinologist, Dr. Schatz is the 2016 recipient of the Banting Medal for Leadership and Service from the ADA for his outstanding commitment and contributions to the Association.
Outbreak of trichinellosis related to eating imported wild boar meat, Belgium, 2014
Authors: Messiaen Peter , Forier Annemie , Vanderschueren Steven , Theunissen Caroline , Nijs Jochen , Van Esbroeck Marjan , Bottieau Emmanuel , De Schrijver Koen , Gyssens Inge C , Cartuyvels Reinoud , Dorny Pierre , van der Hilst Jeroen , Blockmans Daniel
Published: September 2016

Trichinellosis is a rare parasitic zoonosis caused by Trichinella following ingestion of raw or undercooked meat containing Trichinella larvae. In the past five years, there has been a sharp decrease in human trichinellosis incidence rates in the European Union due to better practices in rearing domestic animals and control measures in slaughterhouses. In November 2014, a large outbreak of trichinellosis occurred in Belgium, related to the consumption of imported wild boar meat. After a swift local public health response, 16 cases were identified and diagnosed with trichinellosis. Of the 16 cases, six were female. The diagnosis was confirmed by serology or the presence of larvae in the patients’ muscle biopsies by histology and/or PCR. The ensuing investigation traced the wild boar meat back to Spain. Several batches of imported wild boar meat were recalled but tested negative. The public health investigation allowed us to identify clustered undiagnosed cases. Early warning alerts and a coordinated response remain indispensable at a European level.