bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Digital Image Correlation in Analyzing Functionally Graded Cement-Based Concrete-Layered Materials for Structural Retrofitting
Authors: Azwal Jaya Mumtazul , Komara Indra , Taskin Kivanc , Putera Sukmajaya Pannadipa , Misilia Feriscilla Siti , Rismayanti Intan
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the application of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) in analyzing crack patterns within Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) materials. The DIC method utilizes a digital camera for image and video capture, coupled with Ncorr software for advanced image processing. To demonstrate the efficiency of the DIC testing method, plate specimens with two distinct layered configurations were examined: Polypropylene (PP) to Hybrid and Polypropylene (PP) to Polypropylene (PP). The significance of using two different material configurations is investigated in terms of the similarity of the input parameter subsets radius (r), spacing (s), and strain radius. The DIC technique is employed to elucidate the failure mechanisms of these test plates and to assess the impact of specimen quality on crack pattern formation. To obtain the best definition of the crack pattern, two different images were computed with the input parameter subsets spacing, s = 10 pixel, subset radius, r = 1 pixel, and strain radius = 1. By analyzing the crack pattern data obtained through various input parameters, this research aims to provide insights into the behavior of layered ECC materials under stress. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of fracture mechanics in composite cementitious materials and offer potential applications in structural health monitoring and material design optimization.
Enhancing Sustainable Energy: Ocean Wave Energy Conversions via Magnetic Induction from Boat Vibrations
Authors: Baldres Carmela S. , Lat Kinsley Aaron D. , Umipig Leo Vincent G. , Jestoni Asi Engr. , Ornopia Engr. Jessa P.
Published: December 2024

Ocean wave energy is an emerging renewable energy source with the potential to significantly contribute to global energy needs. Hence, the primary purpose of this study is to address the imminent energy crisis by exploring novel avenues for energy generation, specifically focusing on the utilization of vibrations stemming from ocean waves. It introduces a pioneering device, termed the “Vibration Harnessing Device,” engineered to capture and convert these vibrations into usable electrical energy efficiently. Its design is based on the principle of Electromagnetic Induction where the researchers used various magnets and spring configurations. The device’s optimal configuration—comprising 1mm and five magnets—was identified through meticulous experimentation and optimization processes, exhibiting superior energy generation capabilities compared to alternative setups. Results revealed that this optimized configuration could yield 1278.44 milliwatt-hours of electrical energy within 5 minutes and 2063.92 milliwatt-hours within 15 minutes, boasting a commendable charge capacity of 55.3%. The data underscores its potential as a dependable renewable energy technology, as evidenced by its successful demonstration of powering an LED light. The device will create an alternative and less expensive method of generating energy that will be used as a light source. Consequently, the vibration-harnessing device emerges as a promising solution for mitigating energy shortages.
Preface
Authors: Erharter Georg H. , Jakobsen Pål D.
Published: December 2024

The 1st International Rock Mass Classification Conference (RMCC) took place in Oslo, Norway, from 29th to 31st of October 2024. The conference was hosted and organized by the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute. This inaugural event marked a milestone in the ongoing discourse on rock mass classification, a topic that has been central to the field of rock mechanics since the 1950s. The RMCC 2024 was designed as an arena for the international rock mechanics community, providing a platform for the development, interaction, and exchange of knowledge on this discussed topic. The conference was supported by the International Association of Engineering Geology and the Environment (IAEG).

Our world today is undergoing profound changes. The demand for infrastructure that is not only connected but also resilient in the face of environmental shifts is more pressing than ever. This need collides with two significant and ongoing trends: the demographic change leading to a reduction in the number of available engineers, and the ongoing paradigm shift towards digitalization. These changes challenge the practicality of rock mass classification systems that still rely heavily on the subjective experience of engineers and practitioners. Moreover, many current classification systems were originally developed with a focus on economic optimization. This priority, while appropriate in earlier decades, stands in contrast to today’s urgent requirements for increased service life, lower down-time for maintenance and refurbishment, which is strongly linked to sustainability and the green transition, essential to combating climate change.

In light of these challenges, RMCC 2024 sought to reevaluate rock mass classification, asking critical questions about its future direction. Discussions revolved around how these traditional systems can adapt to the demands of the 2020s, including demographic change, sustainability, and the digital transformation that is reshaping our industry. The conference underscored the need for a reimagined approach—one that remains rooted in practical reality while embracing the innovations necessary to meet new societal and environmental imperatives.

The conference was organized to offer a unique dual publishing opportunity for participants. In recognition of the diverse backgrounds of the authors and the practical needs of the industry, contributors could choose between two paths: the classical conference proceedings, which you now hold in your hands, or a special issue in the esteemed journal Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering (RMRE). This dual approach was chosen to balance accessibility for practitioners while also offering an option for high-impact academic publication, reflecting the RMCC’s commitment to inclusivity and excellence.

List of Organizing Committee, Scientific Committee and Keynote lectures are available in this pdf.
Relationship between Geomechanical Classifications and Underground Modelling: A Case Study in Stratified Rock
Authors: Montiel Edgar , Hormazabal Esteban
Published: December 2024

This article explores how geomechanical classifications influence modelling outputs in underground excavation assessments. Through 3D modelling, this study examines stability variations during different design phases and their relationship to geological data. In the early stages, geomechanical classifications based on borehole data and continuous 3D models revealed unstable scenarios affecting costs and project efficiency. As geological studies progressed, models based in discontinuous approaches provided a more feasible scenario for tunnel and pillar behaviour. This paper presents the results and comparisons of these models, aiming to quantitatively determine the differences and the technical basis, that supports the discontinuous evaluation.
Rock mass characterization on Mars
Authors: Dammyr Øyvind , Paulsen Eivind Magnus
Published: December 2024

Purpose-built underground space in the form of tunnels and caverns on Mars can mitigate risks to humans and technical infrastructure/equipment posed by cosmic radiation, sandstorms, rapid temperature changes and meteor impacts. This paper explores how rock mass characterization for a tunnel on Mars can be performed using a 3D photogrammetry model built from photos from the Curiosity rover operating in Gale crater. Discontinuity (joint) structures at Chenapau mountain were measured with the open source 3D point cloud and mesh processing software CloudCompare and Q, RMR and GSI values where calculated. Analyses show that unstable wedges might form in the tunnel roof. Reduced stability compared to Earth conditions may result from lower gravity (reduced rock block interlocking) on Mars, and the Q and RMR rock support suggestions might need revising if used for Mars engineering applications.
Magnetic Basement Relief Modelling Using the Magb_Inv Program in South of The Makassar Strait Area
Authors: Alifna R , Bijaksana S , Fajar S J , Ramadhani R A , Ibrahim K , Suryanata P B , Harlianti U
Published: December 2024

Indonesia is located between three large plate confluences: Indo-Australian, Eurasian, and Pacific. The activity of the three plates will affect the orientation and distribution of geological structures such as formation of faults and basins, in this case, the research was conducted in the South Makassar Strait and includes two basins, namely the Makassar Basin and Spermonde Basin. Magnetic method used in research to provide magnetic modeling information in the region study. This method works based on the measurement of susceptibility variations on the earth’s surface caused by differences in anomalies in the surrounding area. Data used in research, namely magnetic anomaly data obtained from the ESDM geoportal and bathymetry data research area. In this research, magnetic basement relief modeling was carried out using MATLAB based MagB_Inv program. The initial parameters that affect the result of the study are inclination and declination, contrast magnetization, wavenumber range selection, and initial depth estimation. Depth estimation Initial results were obtained using the radial average power spectrum (RAPS) method. The results of this study in the form of basement depth in the range of 5.5 km to 8.9 km. According to geological conditions, there is a decrease in the basement to the southeast in 3D modeling caused by a fault Spermonde Basin Flat.
An Integrated Approach to Economic Analysis of EOR Projects: EOR Screening to Optimization of Field Development Scenario
Authors: Daniati Arik , Syihab Zuher , Yasutra Amega , Bhakti Setiawan Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Conducting a comprehensive evaluation for framing enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects poses challenges during the initial stages. There is no evaluation that can provide a precise quick-look assessment that can be applied in a field. This study aims to implement an integrated EOR analysis workflow using the Pertamina’s in-house PertaEOR-lite© software in the “ADP” field. A predictive model developed by the US DOE was used to perform reservoir performance prediction based on the most suitable EOR method. Economic evaluation was performed to determine the NPV, IRR, and POT values, while sensitivity analysis and risk assessment were conducted using the Monte Carlo simulation. The optimal scenario was determined using stochastic optimization methods on fields with different pattern areas and the number of infill wells. Based on the EOR screening, chemical injection of Miscellar Surfactant+Polymer was selected as the most suitable EOR method. The economic indicators determined through sensitivity analysis are primarily influenced by technical factors such S
or, and VDP. Additionally, economic variables such as oil prices, investment, and injection costs. The results showed that the best EOR development scenario was to be 8 patterns with an area of 28 acres each, no additional infill wells required, 8 injectors from converted producers. This scenario produces an NPV of K.USD 6,309, an IRR of 48.9%, and a POT of 2.8 years. The study’s novelty is in its integrated approach. Further analysis is necessary to determine decision quality and obtain the best decision prior to field implementation project.
Fault Delineation On Syntetic Seismic 3D Data Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Febriarta Bondan , Priyono Awali
Published: December 2024

Fault delineation is a crucial process for exploring stratigraphic structure and reservoir properties from seismic data. It plays a vital role as faults often offer valuable insights into the accumulation and migration paths of geological resources. As the size of seismic data increases, fault picking becomes a laborious task, demanding high accuracy from interpreters. Automation is essential to expedite this process and minimize human subjectivity in fault picking. To automate this task, we employ deep learning algorithms, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs). In this research, we utilize a 3D U-Net architecture known as FaultSeg3D, with a focal loss function for the training process. The dataset comprises 220 pairs of synthetic data, including 200 pairs for train/test and 20 pairs for validation. Results from the training process indicate a converging loss function curve, with values of 0.0154 for training and 0.0308 for testing. This convergence signifies the success of the training process. Quantitatively, fault delineation estimates from the CNN model demonstrate favorable values based on performance metrics, including precision, recall, and F-1 score, on validation data—approximately 0.6, 0.9, and 0.75, respectively. Each of these value was obtained from testing on validation data. Qualitatively or visually, the fault delineation estimates on validation data using the CNN model outperform the variance attribute. The resulting fault delineation estimate from the CNN model appears more continuous, with fewer inaccuracies compared to the variance attribute. Considering the excellent performance metrics when applied to synthetic data, this potential could be promising to continue with its application to field data which can be carried out for further research.
The Interpretation of Subsurface Structure Beneath Banda Api Volcano Inferred from Gravity Data
Authors: Ahmady F N , Santoso D
Published: December 2024

Indonesia has 127 active volcanoes along subduction zone, one of them is Mount Banda Api. As active volcano which is surrounded by the sea, volcanic eruption may trigger destructive tsunami in the adjacent coastline. Several geological studies had been conducted to understand the history of volcanic eruption based on the surface mapping. However, in order to further interpretation regarding subsurface activity of the volcano geophysical data is needed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the subsurface structure of Mount Banda Api based on the interpretation of gravity data. The Complete Bouguer anomaly are acquired by PSDMBP in 2016. The complete Bouguer anomaly range is 130-200 mgal with low values located on the Banda Api volcano and high anomalies on Neira Island and Lonthoir Island. Then 2D spectral analysis is conducted to estimate the depth of regional dan residual anomaly and determine the optimal Moving Average (MA) windows to conduct regional-residual separation. Furthermore, the residual anomaly and background density of 2.63 g/cc was used to interpret the subsurface structure beneath the volcano by conducting forward modelling 2,5 D. The resulting model shows that the low anomaly in the study is estimated as a response to the presence of magma at the bottom of Mount Banda Api-Neira.
Utilizing the Gravity Method for Initial Estimation of CO2 Storage Capacity in Supat Field, South Sumatera
Authors: Adhiatha Herlambang Kevin , Iskandarsyah  , Aulia Valencia Ayunda
Published: December 2024

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology is one of the solution to global warming. CCS is a method that involves separating CO2 from industrial and energy sources, transferring it to storage, and isolating it from the atmosphere for long periods of time. The Supat Field, South Sumatra is one of the mature oil and gas fields that could be used for CO2 storage in Indonesia. The gravity method is used to determine how much volume of CO2 can be stored in the Talang Akar Formation, Supat Field. By utilizing residual anomaly gravity data and the combination of Occam and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) inversion method, it is possible to model in three-dimensions and estimate the volume of CO2 that can be stored in the field. The Talang Akar Formation is dominated by sandstone with interconnected porosity. The effective volume can then be calculated by multiplying the bulk volume by the range of sandstone porosity (15-30%), which can be known via gravity method. The Complete Bouguer Anomaly Map provides a range of Bouguer anomaly values between 42 mGal to 46 mGal. Based on the spectrum analysis graph, the anomaly depth limit is 2.0996 kilometers below the surface, while the residual anomaly depth limit is 0.9524 kilometers below the surface. The anomaly separation technique used is Polynomial Trend Surface Analysis with the order used is first order. The effective volume of CO2 that can be stored in the Supat Field ranges from 1.73 to 4.42 km
3.
Earthquake relocation and deformation analysis on the Mentawai segment of the Sumatra subduction zone
Authors: Aulia A N , Jatnika J , Arisa D , Ramdhan M , Patria A , Handayani L
Published: December 2024

The Mentawai segment, which is located on the western coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, is characterized by the convergence of the Indo-Australian Plate and the Sunda Plate. The complex interactions between these two tectonic plates have given rise to numerous earthquakes and deformations. After the devastating earthquake (Mw 7.8) in 2010 followed by a tsunami, this segment remains locked and has the possibility to produce a great earthquake. This study aims to determine precise earthquake locations and analyze the pattern of seismic distribution along with the deformation analysis from continuous GPS observations to understand the plate dynamics. We use the earthquake catalog data from the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) of the Indonesian earthquake network during the time period April 2009-December 2021. To improve the accuracy of the hypocenter, we relocated 1,130 events consisting of 10,994 P- and 3,414 S-wave phases and update the minimum 1-D velocity model simultaneously using the Joint Hypocenter Determination Method. Our results show that the intense seismicity occurred at a depth of less than 50 km. At deeper depths, the earthquake is distributed along the subducting plate to a depth of ~200 km in north and ~250 km in the south. Our findings strongly support the inference that the plate interface lies at a depth of 20 km. This conclusion is substantiated by the sharp increase in seismic velocity at that particular depth, which is indicative of a significant boundary between distinct geological layers. Furthermore, our investigation has uncovered a prominent aseismic zone beneath the forearc basin, situated approximately 100 km away from the trench line. The plate velocity derived from continuous GPS observations confirmed the stable movement of subducting Indo-Australian place towards the Sunda plate along the Mentawai segment. Finally, the results of this study are addressed to conduct further three-dimensional velocity inversion studies.
Source Analysis of April 2, 2023, Magnitude 5.6 Flores Sea Earthquake North of Bima, Sumbawa, Indonesia
Authors: Najib Syami Muqtadir Muhammad , Sianipar Dimas , Suardi Iman , Wandono W. , Daniarsyad Gatut , Daryono D.
Published: December 2024

The seismotectonic setting and the potential of significant earthquakes from the Flores Sea region in eastern Indonesia are not well understood. On April 2, 2023, a magnitude 5.6 earthquake occurred north of Bima (Sumbawa), specifically under the Flores Sea. This area has a complex tectonic setting with a Flores back-arc thrust and some local active faults. Our study aims to analyze the source mechanism of this earthquake using moment tensor inversion and hypocenter relocation methods. We utilized five (5) three-component regional BMKG seismic stations for the moment tensor inversion and analyzed aftershocks within one month following the main event for hypocenter relocation purposes. Our findings indicate that the earthquake was generated by an unidentified fault segment with a strike-slip mechanism, either an N/NW-S/SE west-dipping fault segment or an E-W north-dipping fault segment. Through hypocenter relocation, we found that aftershocks were oriented directly to the N/NW-S/SW north of the Flores Thrust fault zone. We interpreted that this earthquake was not directly associated with the activity of the Flores Thrust system. This study can help update our understanding of the active fault system around the Flores Sea and as a constraint to support seismic hazard mitigation.
Stability analysis of open stope #20 in sill pillar #2840 based on mining frame 134 using numerical, empirical, and analytical approaches at the Big Gossan Mine
Authors: Maulana A I , Prassetyo S H , Wattimena R K , Sjadat A , Hamman J P E
Published: December 2024

Sill pillar #2840 has been identified as an economical reserve and is therefore planned to be mined. Stope #20 is one of 69 stopes in the sill pillar that will be mined. The stope is about 540m from surface. Mining activities that are far from the surface will cause stress redistribution. A geotechnical analysis was required to observe the stability condition of the open stope. The stability can be calculated by considering the induced stress around the open stope. The calculation of the Factor of Safety (FS) will be carried out using a numerical approach with Rocscience’s RS2 software using the Generalized Hoek-Brown failure criterion for hard rock and the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion for paste fill, an empirical approach using a Modified Stability Number (N’) (Potvin, 1988) to calculate the stability of hard rock around the open stope, and an analytical approach using the Limit Equilibrium Equation (Mitchell, 1991) to calculate the stability of the paste fill around the open stope. The results of the approaches will be verified by the Sakurai chart. Based on the approaches, stope #20 in sill pillar #2840 is in stable condition to be mined.
Peer assessment as an exam prerequisite in undergraduate mathematics teaching: experiment and practical advice
Authors: Reddiger Maik , Scherfner Mike
Published: December 2024

In undergraduate STEM education mathematics-focused courses pose a major obstacle towards degree completion for many students not majoring in the subject. This may be addressed by providing regular, individual feedback on student work, yet many, especially smaller institutions lack the respective financial resources. One of the most promising approaches to this problem is peer assessment (PA), which has indeed been shown to be more effective in facilitating student learning than assessment by teaching staff. In this quasi-experiment we explore the practical scenario of employing PA as a grading tool in the context of an exam prerequisite in an undergraduate mathematics class. Not only does the exam prerequisite incentivize students to participate, but the use of PA in this context also alleviates ethical concerns that accompany its use as a grading tool. Both groups were composed of first semester computer science students ($n_{0} = 24$, $n_{\textrm{PA}} = 26$). For the PA group the exam prerequisite consisted of weekly assignments over the course of the semester, whereas students in the control group had to pass a single written test to be admitted to the exam two weeks later. An increase of $23.1\%$ (or $8.7$ percentage points) in the exam passing rate of the PA group was observed, though plausibly participant number was too low to reach statistical significance ($p =.370$). We also found a positive correlation between scores in the PA process and exam performance ($r =.55$, $p =.007$). Student opinions on the intervention were generally favorable. In a true experiment the time spent on managing the PA process should be measured. Advice for the use of PA as an exam prerequisite is also provided here.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Follow-up of Children and Adolescents With HIV Infection in Guatemala
Authors: Alonso Yáñez Santiago , Juárez Lorenzana Julio Werner , Prieto Tato Luis , Guillén Martín Sara , Salazar Alarcón Elisa Cristina , Navarro Gómez Luisa
Published: December 2024

We conducted a retrospective study to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on children living with HIV in Guatemala. A reduction in physical consultations and laboratory tests was observed in prepandemic versus pandemic period. However, immunovirological status of the children showed no differences. The mitigation measures implemented were important to reduce the impact of the pandemic on the follow-up of children living with HIV.
Lateral Brow-Eyelid Contour After Traditional Blepharoplasty Versus Blepharoplasty With Brassiere Sutures Using Three-Dimensional Imaging
Authors: Novaes de Figueiredo Rassi Marisa , Veronese de Almeida Bruna , Limongi Roberto Murillo
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

This study aims to compare the lateral brow-eyelid contour following traditional blepharoplasty versus blepharoplasty with brassiere sutures using 3D imaging.

Methods:

This prospective, randomized, comparative, parallel-group trial involved 56 female patients with dermatochalasis. Patients with an odd number of letters in their first names underwent traditional upper blepharoplasty (group A), while the rest underwent blepharoplasty with orbicularis oculi muscle fixation (group B). All procedures were performed by a single surgeon. Postoperative 3D photographs were standardized in a three-quarter view and analyzed using textured overlays.

Results:

In traditional blepharoplasty, 64.5% of patients exhibited flatter eyelid contours with shorter lower convexity. In contrast, the brassiere suture group showed increased convexity above and below the eyelid crease and increased tarsal platform show in 60% of patients.

Conclusion:

The authors recommend preserving and repositioning fat in upper blepharoplasty for its safety and aesthetic benefits.
Comparison of accuracy and axial length acquisition success rate by three types of swept-source OCT-based biometers
Authors: Kato Yukihito , Ayaki Masahiko , Tanaka Yoshiki , Tamaoki Akeno , Sakai Yukihiro , Ichikawa Kei , Ichikawa Kazuo
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To compare three biometers equipped with swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT), including ARGOS (OCTB1), IOLMaster 700 (OCTB2), and Anterion (AS-OCTB). The primary aim was to assess the axial length (AL) acquisition success rates, and secondary aims included comparing parameters obtained from the three devices and evaluating postoperative refractive prediction errors.

Setting:

Chukyo Eye Clinic, Nagoya, Japan.

Design:

Retrospective observational study.

Methods:

The study included patients undergoing preoperative assessments for cataract surgery using the three biometers. The AL acquisition success rates and parameters obtained from the three devices were compared and the postoperative refractive prediction errors (defined as the difference between subjective refractive error and predicted refractive error) were assessed at one month after surgery.

Results:

The study included 361 eyes from 361 patients. The AL acquisition success rates for all patients were 100.0% (n=361) (OCTB1), 98.6% (n=356) (OCTB2), and 96.7% (AS-OCTB) (P < .0001), and those for nuclear sclerosis of grade 4 or higher were 100.0%, 87.8%, and 87.8%, respectively (P = .007). The AL of mature cataract was measurable only with OCTB1 using the enhanced retina visualization mode. Although there were significant differences in parameters obtained on the three devices, there were no significant differences in postoperative refractive prediction errors.

Conclusions:

OCTB1 demonstrated the highest AL acquisition success rate and was able to measure AL even in eyes with dense or mature cataract. AS-OCTB using a wavelength of 1300 nm showed lower AL acquisition success rates compared to the other two devices probably due to reduced light transmission through the vitreous body.
Adaptive dual-responsive nanocapsules for precision ferroptosis-driven and chemotherapy-enhanced tumor ablation
Authors: You Jia , Liu Shikang , Liang Jiarong , Feng Qiaoli , Duan Mengdie , Ali Zeeshan , Chen Lujia , Wang Zhiyi
Published: December 2024

Tumors increasingly threaten human health, with rising incidence and mortality rates. Treatment complexity, including individual differences and tumor molecular characteristics, limits clinical application potential. Ferroptosis, a new strategy for tumor treatment, has stirred much interest. However, the dense properties and unique physiological environment of tumor tissues limit the ability of ferroptosis agents to work inside tumors. In this study, intelligent temperature and pH dual-responsive nanocapsules were designed for tumor therapy. The nanocapsules leverage the unique physiological environment of tumors, where both acidity and temperature can be exploited to trigger drug release. The core materials of the nanocapsules are a polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer and poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide), which ensure biocompatibility and responsiveness to the tumor microenvironment. These nanocapsules encapsulate amorphous iron nanoparticles as ferroptosis agents and tirapazamine as a chemotherapeutic drug, enabling a combination therapy approach. Once introduced into the tumor, the nanocapsules change size in response to the local acidic and thermal conditions, releasing their payload. This targeted approach enhances drug delivery efficiency, reduces toxicity to surrounding healthy tissues, and promotes ferroptosis in tumor cells. The study demonstrated the nanocapsules’ ability to inhibit tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo while maintaining excellent biocompatibility and biosafety, making it a promising candidate for advanced cancer therapies.
A case of renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus extension into the right atrium
Authors: Whiting Adrian , Shah Nairuti , Zucker Jordan , Gill Manroop , Sachsenmeier Eliot , Singh Paramvir , Ahmed Kinza , Upadhyay Rutul , Bender Michael
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Over the last half-century, mortality from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has seen a dramatic reduction, while 5-year survival rates have reached an all-time high (34% to 75%).

Case presentation:

A 77-year-old female with Stage 4 RCC (cT3c, cN1, cM1) presented with acute onset chest and back pain. Imaging revealed interval enlargement of a left renal mass with propagation of tumor thrombus (TT) throughout the left renal vein, intrahepatic and suprahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) with extension into the right atrium (RA). The patient successfully underwent a high-risk open left nephrectomy with caval thrombectomy, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, and atrial thrombectomy.

Discussion:

Approximately 1% of RCC cases involve the right atrium, and radical nephrectomy with vena caval thrombectomy remains the most effective treatment for cavoatrial TT, with 5-year survival rates between 30% and 72%. While patients with renal vein involvement have better survival rates than those with IVC involvement, advanced TT cases (Types III and IV) often require extracorporeal circulation. Though the patient understood the prognosis of her RCC, discussing the risks of a complex procedure versus not intervening was challenging. Despite a typical median survival of 12 months for level IV tumor thrombus (TT), she remains stable 28 months post-surgery.

Conclusion:

Although the five-year survival rate for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has increased from 34% to 75%, the disease still adversely affects patients’ quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach is essential when managing metastatic RCC, particularly involving the heart. Despite the associated risks, surgical intervention is more effective in prolonging life by preventing sudden cardiac death due to embolic events.
The Impacts and Consequences of Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States
Authors: Allan-Blitz Lao-Tzu , Klausner Jeffrey D.
Published: December 2024

Millions of people in the United States are affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) every year, with profound consequences for the individual, their community, and society at large. In this review, we aim to summarize the epidemiology of four STIs: C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, T. pallidum, and HSV, and to highlight the consequences of those infections among individuals and the healthcare system. Untreated N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, T. pallidum, or HSV infection can result in female infertility, stillbirth, premature birth, and low birth weight. As many as 10% of incident HIV infections among men who have sex with men in the United States have been attributed to either N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis infection. In one year in the United States, incident C. trachomatis infection resulted in $824 million lifetime medical costs and a loss of 1,541 lifetime quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) among men and 111,872 among women, while incident N. gonorrhoeae infection led to $323 million in lifetime medical costs, and a loss of 386 QALYs among women and 12,112 among men. Incident T. pallidum infection in one year resulted in $206 million in medical costs and a loss of 13,349 QALYs among both men and women, while genital herpes led to $107 million in medical costs and a loss of 33,100 QALYs. STI-attributable infertility alone resulted in more than $190 million in direct medical costs. Cumulatively, STIs lead to substantial financial costs to individuals and the health system, as well as long-term reductions in quality of life.
Risk Stratification of Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors: The Role of Morphology, Immunohistochemistry, and Molecular Testing
Authors: Momeni-Boroujeni Amir , Nucci Marisa R. , Chapel David B.
Published: December 2024

Uterine smooth muscle neoplasms are a biologically and clinically heterogeneous group of tumors. Morphology is the cornerstone of pathologic diagnosis of these tumors, and most are readily classified as benign or malignant on the basis of routine histologic examination. However, rare subsets—including intravenous leiomyomatosis, benign metastasizing leiomyoma, and disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis—have a capacity for extrauterine spread despite benign cytomorphology. A further subset of uterine smooth muscle neoplasms, termed “smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP),” are not readily classified as benign or malignant and carry an intermediate prognosis. STUMP is a protean category, whose precise definition is subject to disagreement among experts. The risk profiles of different STUMP morphotypes remain largely unresolved. Finally, multiple morphology-based systems for risk stratification of uterine leiomyosarcoma have been proposed, though none is widely adopted. Immunohistochemical and molecular prognostic markers for both STUMP and leiomyosarcoma remain in the early phases of adoption in routine diagnostic practice.
Risk Stratification of Miscellaneous Uterine Mesenchymal Neoplasms: The Role of Morphology, Immunohistochemistry, and Molecular Testing
Authors: Ladwig Nicholas , Boyraz Baris
Published: December 2024

Uterine mesenchymal tumors are a diverse group of tumors that can display a broad range of morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular profiles and are associated with varied clinical behaviors. In recent years, they have increasingly been classified by their underlying molecular alterations, leading to a more precise separation of diagnostic entities. As their diagnostic criteria have been refined, so too have the features that can be used to predict clinical outcomes. This review includes a discussion of uterine inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComa), and uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors, with a focus on updates on their clinical behavior and tools for risk stratification to identify malignant tumors. In addition, we discuss the importance of using an integrated approach when classifying uterine mesenchymal tumors to improve diagnostic accuracy and guide clinical management.
18F-FDG PET/CT Revealed Bone Infarction as the Cause of Unexplained Fever
Authors: Chen Xueqi , Li Qian , Fu Zhanli
Published: December 2024

An 18F-FDG PET/CT was conducted on a 44-year-old man with a history of dermatomyositis and avascular necrosis of left femoral head, due to a fever of unknown origin. The scan revealed patchy and cloudy high densities within the medullary cavities of bilateral distal femur and proximal tibia, exhibiting peripheral high 18F-FDG avidity. Subsequent MRI confirmed bone infarction.
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Masquerading as Leishmaniasis Via 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Singh Prakash , Khandelwal Yogita , Mishra Vineet , Yadav Shiwangi
Published: December 2024

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) characterized by infiltration of the skin of T-cell lymphocytes represent an uncommon and rare subset of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Primary CTCL, not otherwise specified, is among the most important subtypes of CTCLs characterized by rapid cutaneous dissemination and systemic involvement. Herein, we present a case of primary CTCL, not otherwise specified, diagnosed via 18F-FDG PET/CT after initial misdiagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Optimal PaO 2 is 130-160 mmHg in the first week for sepsis patients in ICU: a retrospective cohort study based on MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Chen Haoran , Tang Xinyi , Li Xiaomin , Xie Yongpeng
Published: December 2024

Background

The relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) and the prognosis of sepsis patients, and its potential variation over time, remains unclear. The optimal PaO2 range for sepsis patients has always been a contentious issue, with no consensus. We aimed to explore the association between different levels of PaO2 exposure over time and the 28-day mortality of sepsis patients, and to identify the optimal PaO2 range for sepsis patients within a specific time frame.

Methods

We retrieved data on adult patients diagnosed with sepsis within 24 hours before or after ICU admission from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV; version 2.2) database. We excluded patients who were not admitted to the ICU for the first time, those with ICU stay <24 hours, and those without PaO2 results during their ICU stay. We calculated the time-weighted average (TWA) of PaO2 and used piece-wise exponential additive mixed models (PAMMs) to estimate the time-dependent changes in the association between TWA-PaO2 and patient prognosis.

Results

A total of 16,880 sepsis patients were included in the MIMIC cohort. Results indicated that patients' TWA-PaO2 correlates with increased 28-day mortality after intensive care unit (ICU) admission in sepsis patients, and this association was mainly manifested in the early course of the disease. With a time window of the first 1-7 days after ICU admission, the optimal TWA-PaO2 range for sepsis patients was ≥130 mmHg and ≤ 160 mmHg. Increased exposure time, proportion of exposure time, and exposure dose of high-risk PaO2 outside the range were all associated with an increased risk of 28-day mortality.

Conclusion

PaO2 in sepsis patients should be closely monitored. During the first 1-7 days of ICU admission, PaO2 should be maintained within the range of ≥130 mmHg and ≤ 160 mmHg. A dose-dependent relationship exists between high-risk PaO2 outside the range and patient outcome.
Fertility and Sexual Function in Males with Hirschsprung’s Disease
Authors: Söderström Linnea , Axelsson Gustav , Mutanen Annika , Stenström Pernilla , Danielsson Johan , Borg Helena , Telle Hoel Anders , Olsbø Signe , Pakarinen Mikko , Qvist Niels , Bjørnland Kristin , Wester Tomas , Löf Granström Anna
Published: December 2024

Objective:

The aim was to assess fertility, sexual function and sexual quality of life in males with Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) in the Nordic countries with a cross-sectional study using self-reported validated questionnaires.

Summary Background Data:

Data on fertility and sexual function in males with HSCR are limited.

Methods:

This multi-center study targeted all males born between 1970-2003 who underwent pull-through surgery at a pediatric surgery center in Sweden, Denmark, Norway, or Finland. Participants completed a multi-domain questionnaire. Demographic data was collected retrospectively from the medical records. Patients with trisomy 21 and other syndromes associated with intellectual disability were excluded. Main outcomes were fertility, sexual function and sexual quality of life.

Results:

A total of 169 patients (median age 32 y) were included. Of 63 individuals attempting to father a biological child, eight (12.7%) reported failure to conceive after one year and five (7.9%) reported failure to conceive after two years. Our cohort did not report impaired fertility, higher prevalence of erectile dysfunction or lower sexual quality of life scores compared to normative summary data. Poor bowel function was associated with impaired fertility and erectile dysfunction (P=0.0278 and P=0.0026, respectively). Length of the aganglionic segment and surgical method did not seem to affect fertility, sexual function, or sexual quality of life.

Conclusion:

Males with HSCR that have undergone pull-through surgery do not seem to report an overall reduced fertility, higher prevalence of erectile dysfunction or reduced sexual quality of life compared to estimates from the general population. Impaired bowel function may correlate with erectile dysfunction and impaired fertility in affected individuals.
Investigating Anxiety's Impact on Seizure Quality in Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Sassi Kaissar , Bechet Etienne , Martin Louise , Pichon Manuel , Yrondi Antoine , Minville Vincent
Published: December 2024

Background

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a medical procedure for treating severe depression and other mental health disorders, with anesthesia management being crucial for patient safety. Despite extensive research on factors influencing seizure quality during ECT, the impact of pre-ECT anxiety remains insufficiently explored.

Methods

This prospective observational study aimed to investigate the influence of pre-ECT anxiety, as measured by the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale, on electroencephalogram ictal characteristics during ECT and to explore anesthesia-related factors that may enhance seizure quality.

Results

A total of 38 patients participated in 168 documented ECT sessions over a 2-month period. Data analysis revealed a significant association between higher levels of pre-ECT anxiety, lidocaine doses exceeding 0.36 mg/kg, and decreased seizure quality during ECT sessions.

Conclusion

These findings suggest an association between pre-ECT anxiety, lidocaine dosage, and decreased seizure quality during ECT. Further research, including interventional studies, is required to better understand the causal factors.
Modulating Motor Cortex Plasticity via Cortical and Peripheral Somatosensory Stimulation
Authors: Bao Shancheng , Lei Yuming
Published: December 2024

The interaction between the motor and somatosensory systems is essential for effective motor control, with evidence indicating that somatosensory stimulation influences the excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1). However, the mechanisms by which repetitive stimulation of both cortical and peripheral somatosensory systems affects M1 plasticity are not well understood. To investigate this, we examined the effects of continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) applied to the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) of the median nerve on various measures of corticospinal excitability and M1 intracortical circuits. Specifically, we assessed motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), short-latency intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), and short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) before and after administering cTBS and TENS. Our results demonstrated that cTBS increased MEPs for at least 50 minutes, whereas TENS increased MEPs for 10 minutes. Neither cTBS nor TENS had an impact on SICI and ICF. However, cTBS decreased SAI, while TENS did not affect SAI. The sham procedures for both cTBS and TENS did not produce significant changes in MEPs, SICI, ICF, or SAI. These findings suggest that both cortical and peripheral somatosensory stimulation modulate corticospinal excitability, with the effects of cortical stimulation being more prolonged. Neither type of stimulation influences inhibitory and excitatory intracortical neural circuitry within M1. Notably, cortical somatosensory stimulation modulates the interaction between M1 and S1, whereas peripheral somatosensory stimulation does not. This study elucidates distinct mechanisms through which cortical and peripheral somatosensory stimulation influence M1 plasticity.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY

This study identifies distinct mechanisms through which cortical and peripheral somatosensory stimulation influence motor cortex (M1) plasticity. Both continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) of the median nerve enhance corticospinal excitability, with cTBS exhibiting longer-lasting effects. Importantly, cTBS, but not TENS, modulates the interaction between M1 and S1. These findings form the basis for developing targeted somatosensory interventions aimed at modulating motor function.
Time-resolved fluorescent proteins towards fluorescence microscopy in the temporal and spectral domains
Authors: Tan Zizhu , Hsiung Chia-Heng , Feng Jiahui , Zhang Yangye , Chen Junlin , Sun Ke , Lu Peilong , Zang Jianyang , Yang Wenxing , Gao Ya , Yin Jiabin , Zhu Tong , Ye Yuxuan , Wan Yihan , Zhang Xin
Published: December 2024

Fluorescence microscopy has been widely applied in life sciences. While steady-state fluorescence intensity is mostly used, the time-resolved detection mode relying on fluorescence lifetime remains underexplored. Herein, we present a family of time-resolved fluorescent proteins (TRFP). Using a strategy that regulates lifetime without affecting spectra of FPs, we have developed different TRFPs that cover the visible spectrum and a wide range of lifetime. TRFPs are employed in the temporal-spectral resolved microscopy, allowing the simultaneous imaging of 9 different proteins in live cells and correlation of multiple activities to cell cycles. Finally, TRFPs are integrated into multiplexing super-resolution microscopy to concurrently visualize 4 proteins in live cells, acquiring a remarkable 50 nm spatial resolution using lifetime as signal. TRFPs represent a transformative toolset towards fluorescence microscopy in both the temporal and spectral domains. Beyond the multiplexing imaging, TRFPs could introduce unprecedented opportunities of system complexity and quantitative accuracy into biological research.