bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Das Spiel mit Metaphern in deutschen Geburtsanzeigen
Authors: Spillner Bernd
Published: March 2020

Seit einigen Jahren werden deutsche Geburtsanzeigen überwiegend in Tageszeitungen publiziert. Die Eltern versuchen nicht nur, ihre Freude über die Geburt ihres Kindes auszudrücken, sondern auch mit Hilfe von Metaphern ungewöhnlich und originell zu wirken. Häufig wird die Mitteilung auch als bimodaler Text konstruiert, wobei ein verbaler Textteil mit einer unerwarteten Abbildung kombiniert wird. Das bildliche Element wird gescannt oder aus dem Internet heruntergeladen. Es kann dabei auch scherzhaft eine andere Textsorte fiktiv als Geburtsanzeige verwendet werden.Playing with Metaphors in German announcements of birthdaySince a couple of years German announcements of birthday mostly are published in daily news­letters. The parents of the children not only try to express their happiness about the birth, but also to show off unexpected and original texts by using special metaphors. Often announcements are presented as multimodal texts by combining verbal parts with pictures. The non-verbal parts may be scanned ore downloaded from the Internet. Sometimes even fictitious text types are used in order to construct unusual and humorous announcements.
Image-Arbeit im Interview – Fallstudie am Beispiel eines „Spiegel“-Interviews mit Boris Becker
Authors: Duch-Adamczyk Justyna
Published: March 2020

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Versuch unternommen, ein Interview mit einer prominenten Person unter dem Aspekt der Image-Arbeit und der Emotionalität im Gespräch zu untersuchen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden der Begriff des face und Marker der Emotionalität besprochen. Am Beispiel eines Interviews mit Boris Becker wird gezeigt, wie Images variieren können und wie sie sprachlich manifestiert werden. Anschließend wird die gesamte Analyse ausgewertet und zusammengefasst.Image-work in interview – illustrated by the example of an interview with Boris Becker, extracted from the magazine “Der Spiegel”The paper deals with the language and strategies of self-presentation in an interview with a prominent person. Special attention is given to image-work and emotionality in conversation. Against this background, the concept of the face-work and the emotionality in interviews are discussed. Presented on the example of an interview with Boris Becker, the author attempts to show how images can vary and how they can be expressed verbally. The paper ends with evaluation and conclusions.
Zum Bewerten in ausgewählten fußballbezogenen Internetkommentaren
Authors: Jakosz Mariusz
Published: March 2020

Das Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, die expliziten und impliziten Bewertungsstrategien in ausgewählten fußballbezogenen Internetkommentaren zu analysieren, die verschiedenen Foren für Fußballfans bzw. der deutschen Online-Presse entnommen wurden. Sie beziehen sich auf die für die Fußballfans wichtigen, meist umstrittenen Ereignisse. Dazu gehört z.B. der Transfer von Fußballspielern, die gewonnenen bzw. verlorenen Fußballspiele oder der Wechsel eines Trainers in einer Mannschaft. Unsere Aufmerksamkeit richtet sich auf das bewertende Potenzial der einzelnen Wortarten und der stilistischen Mittel wie Ironie oder Metapher. Vor der Analyse werden Internetkommentare als bewertende Textsorten charakterisiert und die grundlegenden Merkmale des fußballbezogenen Kommentars behandelt.Expressing judgements in selected internet comments on footballThe aim of this article is to analyse explicit and implicit strategies for the expression of judgements in selected internet comments on football. The comments have been taken from forums for football fans and from the online editions of the German press. The comments concern events from the world of football which are important and often controversial for internet users, for instance football transfers, results of matches or replacements of football coaches. The author focuses his attention on the evaluative potential of selected parts of speech and stylistic devices, such as irony or metaphor. His analysis is preceded by a characterization of internet comments as evaluative genres and a description of the main features of a comment on football.
Das Bild und Konzeptualisierungsvarianz des Humors in Minitexten mit Humor
Authors: Wowro Iwona
Published: March 2020

Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist zu zeigen, wie der Begriff Humor in humorvoll gearteten Texten gezeigt und konzeptualisiert wird, d.h. welche kognitiven Schemata diesem Phänomen zugewiesen werden können. So gilt es für die Zwecke des vorliegenden Beitrags den Humor als eine allgegenwärtige, mehrdimensionale und übergreifende Kategorie darzustellen. Für ein solches Vorhaben wird ein Korpus von über 200 Aphorismen, Sprüchen oder sog. pointierten Zitaten aus verschiedenen Epochen herangezogen, um zu veranschaulichen, wie er von den Aphoristikern und anderen Autoren wahrgenommen und erfasst wird.Image and possibilities of conceptualization of humourin humorously marked minitextsThe aim of the article is to present a general image of humour functioning in the public sphere and the possibilities of conceptualization of humour from a sociological and linguistic perspective. Next, attention is turned to the specificity of humorously marked texts and to their reception. The empirical part depicts the image of humour conceptualization in selected aphorisms, proverbs and other short humorous texts and illustrates various subjective interpretive models of this category.
DACHL-Bilder. Zum Bildmaterial in polnischen DaF-Lehrwerken für das Gymnasium
Authors: Jarząbek Alina Dorota
Published: March 2020

Der vorliegende Beitrag informiert über Ergebnisse einer Lehrwerkanalyse, in der Bilder der deutschsprachigen Länder A, CH, L in polnischen DaF-Lehrwerken für das Gymnasium eine zentrale Rolle spielen. Der theoretische Hintergrund wird dabei nur skizziert. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse lassen allgemein feststellen, dass polnische Gymnasialschüler ein ideales Bild der drei Länder präsentiert bekommen, das Postkarten oder Werbung auf touristischen Flyern ähnelt. Kontrastive, kritische oder provokative Bilder der Realität werden in den Lehrwerken völlig ausgelassen.DACHL Images. For visual material in Polish textbooks of German as a foreign language for lower secondary schoolThe article presents the results of a textbook analysis of Polish textbooks of German. The analysis focuses on the images of the German-speaking countries Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein. The theoretical background is only sketched. The study results lead to the general conclusion that Polish lower secondary school students are offered an ideal image of the three countries which is similar to that on postcards or advertising on tourist leaflets. Contrasting, critical and not beautiful pictures of reality are left out in the textbooks.
Universitäre postgraduale Translatorenausbildung – strategische Konzepte, Praxiserfahrungen und Ergebnisse
Authors: Małgorzewicz Anna
Published: March 2020

Der Beitrag setzt sich mit den Fragen der universitären Translatorenausbildung auseinander, welche im Rahmen der postgradualen Studiengänge an polnischen Hochschulen realisiert wird. Am Beispiel eines postgradualen Studiengangs für Übersetzer und Dolmetscher wird der Entstehungsprozess des Lehrprogramms gezeigt, dessen Grundlage das Definieren der zu erzielenden Kompetenzen, Fähigund Fertigkeiten bildet. Es wird auf Ermittlungen einer empirischen Untersuchung hingewiesen, die es möglich machte, Desiderate für die universitäre Translatorenausbildung zu formulieren. Die Autorin bespricht im Weiteren Komponenten der didaktischen Strategie, welche in einem dynamischen und determinierenden Verhältnis zueinander stehen und gerade in dieser Determiniertheit zum Fokus der translationsdidaktischen Betrachtungen gerückt werden. Die geschilderten Annahmen und vertretenen konzeptionellen Ansätze werden in ihrer praktischen Realisierung geschildert.Postgraduate courses for translators at university level – strategic concepts, practical experience and resultsThe paper discusses the subject of postgraduate courses for translators offered at Polish universities. One example of such postgraduate courses for translators and interpreters illustrates the process of development of curriculum in which the desired competences, abilities and skills are a determining factor. The paper refers also to the results of empirical research which made it possible to formulate desiderata for courses for translators at university level. Moreover, the author examines the components of didactic strategy that are in a dynamic and determined relation to one another. The determined character of this relation is the reason why these components come to the fore of research on translation and interpreting teaching. Furthermore, it is described how all of the assumptions and represented theoretic concepts are applied in practice.
Samokontrola sądowa w ramach skargi kasacyjnej — wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Bulejak Radosław
Published: March 2020

Self-review of administrative courts — selected issuesThis article focuses on the matter of judicial self-review in the proceedings of administrative courts. From 15 August 2015 administrative courts can change their own rulings, when a party brings a cassation appeal. In this article the following topics are discussed: the admissibility of self-review; the basics of self–review; proceedings of self-review and appealing against the ruling issued as a result of self-review.
Komisariaty i wójtostwa obwodowe w Wielkopolsce 1919–1935. Kilka uwag o praktycznym działaniu
Authors: Podkowski Marek
Published: March 2020

District commissariats and wójtostwa in Wielkopolska 1919–1935. Some remarks about their practical operationsThe Distriktsämter which functioned in the Grand Duchy of Poznań were renamed district commissariats after Wielkopolska was incorporated into Poland in 1919. They were headed by district commissars, whose scope of responsibilities was virtually the same as in the partition period. First of all, they performed police and administrative functions on the basis of a number of laws and regulations from the partition period adapted to the new Polish reality. In 1928 district commissariats in Wielkopolska were renamed district wójtostwa; each was headed by a wójt. A wójt was responsible for the finances of his wójtostwo and the various communes within it. District commissars and then wójtowie helped starosts with their administrative duties. In addition, they performed functions entrusted to them by other official bodies.Die Kommissariate und Bezirksvogteien in Großpolen 1919–1935. Einige Bemerkungen über ihre praktische TätigkeitDie im Großherzogtum Posen tätigen Distriktämter wurden nach dem Anschluss Großpolens an Polen in Bezirkskommissariate umbenannt. An ihrer Spitze standen die Bezirkskommissare, die grundsätzlich den selben Tätigkeitsbereich hatten, wie in der Besatzungszeit. Sie übten vor allem polizeiliche und administrative Funktionen aus und basierten dabei auf zahlreichen, an die polnischen Gegebenheiten angepassten Gesetzen und Vorschriften aus der Besatzungszeit.Im Jahre 1928 wurden die Bezirkskommissariate zu Bezirksvogteien mit Vögten an ihrer Spitze. Sie waren für die Finanzwirtschaft der Vogteien verantwortlich und beaufsichtigten die Finanzwirtschaft der einzelnen Gemeinden.Die Bezirkskommissare, und dann die Vögte unterstützten den Starost bei der Ausübung der administrativen Gewalt. Sie erfüllten auch Funktionen, die ihnen durch andere Ämter übertragen wurden.
Koncepcje merkantylistyczne a ich wykorzystanie w Republice Zjednoczonych Prowincji
Authors: Strobel Joanna
Published: March 2020

Mercantilist concepts and their application in the Republic of the Seven United Provinces The Republic of the Seven United Provinces is seen in the literature as astate favouring free trade, which enabled it to achieve adominant position in colonial trade between the 16th and 18th centuries. However, even this country used mercantilism-inspired solutions. Given the specific nature of its economy, the Republic was particularly attached to apositive balance of trade. On the other hand, it undertook short-term actions in line with the principle of interventionism and protectionist customs policy — guided on each occasion by particular interests of groups holding power. Consequently, the Republic used the principles of mercantilism only to an extent it found suitable in a given political and economic situation.Merkantilistische Konzepte und ihre Verwendung in der Republik der Vereinigten ProvinzenDie Republik der Vereinigten Provinzen wird aktuell in der Literatur als ein Staat gesehen, der die Handelsfreiheit förderte und was dazu führte, dass er zwischen dem 16. und 17. Jahrhundert die dominierende Position im Kolonialhandel einnehmen konnte. Jedoch auch in diesem Land nutzte man die Lösungen des Merkantilismus. Wegen der Eigenartigkeit ihrer Wirtschaft waren für die Republik die Grundsätze der aktiven Handelsbilanz besonders wichtig. Ihre Übergangshandlungen entsprachen dagegen dem Interventionalismus und der protektionistischen Zollpolitik — sie richtete sich immer an die partikulären Interessen der regierenden Gruppierungen. Infolgedessen nutzte die Republik die Grundsätze des Merkantilismus nur in dem Grade, der für sie in der gegebenen politischen und wirtschaftlichen Lage günstig war.
Gospodarka komunalna — samodzielność gospodarcza jednostek samorządu terytorialnego a interes publiczny
Authors: Odachowski Jarosław
Published: March 2020

Municipal economy — economic self-dependence of territorial local government and question of the public interestThe article is devoted to the problem of economic activity of territorial local government municipal economy. Important question is related to the idea called “municipal economy”. It means realiza­tion of “own tasks” by territorial local government. It is also necessary to indicate that in a sphere of economic activity of territorial local government there are two legal dimensions. First of these is an activity connected with the “public utility”. This question means that territorial local government has to supply general needs of all people who live in aparticular part of Poland. Second is linked with activity, which aim is to gain financial profits. The author also especially draws attention to the problem of process of public tasks privatisation. This phenomenon often appears nowadays. It con­sists of atransfer of public tasks from state or territorial local government to private organizations. Another way of mentioned privatisation is only connected with achange of method of realization public tasks but not akind of organization. In that situation state or territorial local government resigns from the public mode of making foregoing tasks and does it in aprivate way, which is relat­ed especially with payments. It is necessary to indicate influence of the public interest on a sphere of economic self-dependence of territorial local government in following dimensions: legal forms of undertaking of economic activity by territorial local government, continuity of economic activity of territorial local government, legal possibility of undertaking economic activity by territorial local government in mentioned above two legal dimensions and — last but not least — the transfer of public tasks from territorial local government to private organizations.
Przejmowanie kościelnych placówek służby zdrowia oraz zakładów opieki społecznej w archidiecezji wrocławskiej w latach 1945–1956
Authors: Włodarczyk Edyta
Published: March 2020

The take-over of the Church’s healthcare centres and nursing homes in the Archdiocese of Wrocław in 1945–1956 The article examines the take-over of the Church’s healthcare centres and nursing homes in 1945–1956, a process based on the Act of 28 October 1948 on healthcare centres, nursing homes and planned economy in health service. Repressions against Church institutions, leading to a conflict between the state and the Church, stemmed from the ideology based on the Marxist doctrine seeking to make society atheist as a prerequisite to carry out profound social reforms. The practice inevitably exacerbated the conflict with the Church in almost all areas of society’s life, including health service. The year 1949 was a time in which the conflict between the state and the Church overhealth service reached an unpreced­ented scale. The communist authorities knew that the Church’s influence was at its most extensive in nurse training and hospitals, and believed that the only and the best solution was to introduce organisa­tional and administrative measures facilitating political offensive and limiting the clergy’s material and organisational base. The strongest measure aimed at completely eliminating religious orders from health service institutions was the nationalisation or take-over of hospitals by the state.Die Übernahme der kirchlichen Gesundheits- und Wohlfahrtseinrichtungen im Erzbistum Breslau in den Jahren 1945–1956Gegenstand des Artikels ist die organisierte Übernahme der kirchlichen Gesundheitsein­richtungen und Wohlfahrtseinrichtungen in den Jahren 1945-1956 aufgrund des Gesetzes vom 28. Oktober 1948 über die Wohlfahrtseinrichtungen des öffentlichen Gesundheitswesens und die Planwirtschaft im Gesundheitswesen. Die Repressionen gegen die kirchlichen Institutionen, die zum Konflikt zwischen Staat und Kirche führten, waren ideologischer Natur und basierten auf marxistischer Doktrin, die die Atheisierung als notwendige Bedingung zur Durchführung tiefer sozialer Reformen der Gesellschaft anstrebte. Diese Praktik führte unvermeidlich zur Verschärfung des Konfliktes mit der Kirche fast auf allen Ebenen des sozialen Lebens, darunter auch im Ge­sundheitswesen. Im Jahr 1949 erreichte der Konflikt zwischen Staat und Kirche bezogen auf das Gesundheitswesen eine bisher nicht bekannte Stärke. Die kommunistischen Behörden wussten, dass die kirchlichen Einflüsse im Bereich der Fachschulen für Krankenpflege und im Kranken­hauswesen am stärksten waren, in organisatorischen und administrativen Mitteln, die die politische Offensive erleichtern und die materielle und organisatorische Basis des Klerus einschränken sollten, sahen sie daher die einzige und richtigste Lösung. Die größte Aktion, Orden aus den Insti­tutionen des Gesundheitswesens zu eliminieren, war die Verstaatlichung bzw. die Übernahme der Krankenhäuser in die staatliche Verwaltung.
Prawo karne w konstytucjach sejmu koronacyjnego z roku 1588
Authors: Wiązek Paweł
Published: March 2020

Criminal law in the constitutions of the Coronation Sejm of 1588The author attempts to select and then to analyse criminal law provisions of the constitutions of the Coronation Sejm of 1588. Using a dogmatic-linguistic interpretation, applied together with the historical-descriptive method, he seeks to present the results of his explorations in a broad historical perspective. His intention is to illustrate the evolution of some institutions of Polish criminal law in the past. Drawing on comparative legal research, he presents the results of his studies in a broad historical-legal perspective. The author ends with confronting his final conclusions with theses formulated by some other, outstanding scholars, hoping that his research will inspire other explorers of the subject matter.
Das Strafrecht in den Verfassungen des Krönungssejm aus dem Jahre 1588Der Autor des Artikels versuchte die strafrechtlichen Bestimmungen der Verfassung des Krönungssejm aus dem Jahre 1588 auszuwählen und dann zu analysieren. Unter Verwendung der sprachlich-dogmatischen Auslegungsmethode und subsidiär der deskriptiv-historischen, bemühte er sich, die Ergebnisse seiner Untersuchung vor einer breiten historischen Perspektive darzustellen. Seine Intention war, den Prozess der Evolution einiger Institutionen des alten, polnischen Kriminalrechtes zu schildern. Mit Hilfe der rechtlichen Komparatistik wollte er die Ergebnisse der durchgeführten Forschung aus einem breiten rechtshistorischen Blickwinkel darstellen. Die zum Schluss der Forschungsarbeit formulierten Einsichten, die mit Thesen anderer Berühmtheiten konfrontiert werden, sollten weitere Forscher für die vorgenommene Problematik gewinnen.
Dokumentowanie śledztwa allewiacyjnego po gradobiciu albo powodzi w Królestwie Polskim na podstawie akt naczelników powiatu do 1866 roku
Authors: Machut-Kowalczyk Joanna
Published: March 2020

Documentation of alleviatory investigations after a hailstorm or a flood in the Kingdom of Poland on the basis of district heads’ records until 1866Alleviatory investigations were conducted in 1842–1866 by heads of districts. All important actions taken after a hailstorm or a flood were documented. The records included a report or request initiating the proceedings, site inspection protocols, lists of taxes paid, income gained, correspondence etc. The last group of documents comprised protocols of oaths taken before the magistrates’ court after the harvest. Proper documentation of investigations was controlled by higher level authorities. The records are full of recommendations, instructions and orders from governor and government bodies. Dokumentierung einer Untersuchung wegen Steuerermäßigung nach Hagelschlag oder Überflutung im Königreich Polen auf Grundlage von Akten der Kreisvorsteher bis 1866Die Untersuchung betreffend Steuerermäßigung wurde in den Jahren 1842–1866 von dem Kreisvorsteher durchgeführt. Alle wichtigeren Handlungen, die nach einem Hagelschlag oder einer Überschwemmung vorgenommen wurden, wurden dokumentiert. Zu den Akten wurden der Bericht bzw. die das Verfahren einleitende Bitte, auch die Protokolle der Ortsbesichtigung, Aufstellungen der gezahlten Steuern, der erzielten Einkommen, der Korrespondenz usw. gelegt. Das letzte Dokument stellten die Protokolle des vor dem Friedensgericht geleisteten Eides schon nach der Ernte dar. Die entsprechende Dokumentierung der Untersuchung wurde durch höhere Behörden kontrolliert. Die Akten sind reichlich mit Anweisungen, Instruktionen und Aufträgen der Gouvernementsregierung und Regierungsorganen versehen.
Narrer les désillusions intimes à l’époque de la désillusion. Tanguy Viel et les formes contemporaines du récit d’amitié
Authors: Maziarczyk Anna
Published: March 2020

NARRATING PERSONAL DISILLUSIONMENTS IN THE ERA OF DISILLUSIONMENT: TANGUY VIEL AND CONTEMPORARY FORMS OF FRIENDSHIP STORYFriendship is one of the key motifs in Viel’s work. Its importance is highlighted especially in his early novels. In his exploration of this eternal problem of a relationship with another person, Viel departs from typically realistic novelistic conventions and combines subversive rewriting of genres, typical of contemporary fiction, with unreliable narration, manifested in a peculiar multivocality. The aim of this article is to analyse this textual duality and the manner in which it contributes to the creation of a touching story about human friendships.
À la recherche des amis perdus : le „Bouquet de bohème” de Roland Dorgelès comme livre-tombeau
Authors: Jakubowska Joanna
Published: March 2020

IN SEARCH OF LOST FRIENDS : ROLAND DORGELÈS’ BOUQUET DE BOHÈME AS A SEPULCHRE BOOKThe article is a reflection on Roland Dorgeles’ Bouquet de bohème depicting the period of his life in Montmartre at the beginning of the 20th century. We try to demonstrate that behind the apparently idyllic image of the XVIIIe arrondissement, Dorgelès presents a much more nostalgic and pessimistic vision of the bohemian life, which for many artists ended with an anonymous death in their heyday. Through series of anecdotes and hilarious details, he intends to create a discursive tombstone dedicated to the memory of his young friends who disappeared too soon.
Hildegarde de Bingen, une sainte post-séculière ? La Clôture des merveilles de Lorette Nobécourt
Authors: Żurawska Anna
Published: March 2020

HILDEGARD OF BINGEN — A POST-SECULAR SAINT? LA CLÔTURE DES MERVEILLES BY LORETTE NOBÉCOURT Lorette Nobécourt, belonging to the group of contemporary French writers who re-read biblical and hagiographical myths, may be regarded as one of the authors realizing to a greater or lesser extent the foundation of the post-secular thought. As Nobécourt’s novel entitled La Clôture des merveilles. Une vie d’Hildegarde de Bingen 2013 can be seen as a representative example of a post-secular text, it has been analysed in the present paper. The aim of the article is to seek answers to the following questions: why has the contemporary French writer decided to present St Hildegard and how has the eponymous heroine been delineated in the novel? What is the relation between the Hildegard created by Nobécourt and the female narrator or, to take the argument one step further, what kind of spirituality do they represent? Finally, what does the word clôture used in the title mean to the contemporary laic reader? The present analysis of the novel, being an attempt to give answers to the above-mentioned questions, has been conducted on the basis of Charles Taylor’s theory of “the place of fullness” and John A. McClure’s concept of “new monasticism.”
Une approche post-séculière de la Révélation : l’exemple d’Edgar Quinet
Authors: Guermès Sophie
Published: March 2020

POSTSECULARISM AND REVELATION: A STUDY IN THE THOUGHT OF EDGAR QUINET This article aims to demonstrate that Edgar Quinet was a precursor of the post-secularity, although he is considered a republican ideologue and defender of secularism only, without taking account of the complexity and nuances of the system he constructed. Quinet’s ideas are religious in essence: if this is left out, the body of his work is misrepresented. According to him, all political revolution derives from religious revolution; and revolution not limited to the French Revolution actualizes Revelation.
Transformaties van de Argonautenmythe in de roman Een vreemde stam heeft mij geroofd van Willem Brakman
Authors: Đokanović Aleksandar
Published: March 2020

Transformations of the myth of the Argonauts in the novel Een vreemde stam heeft mij geroofd by Willem BrakmanThe following article deals with the transformation of the myth of Jason and the Argonauts in the novel Een vreemde stam heeft mij geroofd 1992 written by Willem Brakman. The legend of the Argonauts tells about a mythical journey in quest of the Golden Fleece. Working on his own version, Brakman relied on the epic poem The Argonautica written in the 3rd century BC by Apollonius of Rhodes. Brakman rewrote the myth of the Argonauts by placing the action in 20th-century Netherlands. The research aim is to discover in what way Brakman transforms the original story as set in The Argonautica and to compare these two versions. Brakman’s novel differs from the original in the changes to the plot or characters. Moreover, he combines the legend of the Argonauts with other mythical stories such as that of Oedipus, Odysseus, Theseus. Gérard Genette’s theory of intertextuality serves as the theoretical background of the article.
Iconische, taalkundige en pragmatische volgordes in het Nederlands. Met speciale aandacht voor het Frans
Authors: Pekelder Jan
Published: March 2020

Iconic, linguistic and pragmatic word orders in Dutch with particular reference to FrenchThis contribution is methodological in nature. We aim to address the question of the nature of the parameters underlying word order in Dutch with particular reference to French. We assume that there are basically three parameters to consider: an iconic parameter, a linguistic parameter and a pragmatic parameter. The iconic parameter concerns the projection of general human habits on the word order. The linguistic parameter is related to the word orders which mark language-specific but situation-free syntactic or semantic relations between word groups. Finally, the pragmatic parameter addresses the link between the communicative situation and the language-dependent word order phenomena.
Een alternatieve reisgids als didactische werkvorm in taalverwerving – een casestudie uit Zagreb
Authors: Rombouts Maarten
Published: March 2020

An alternative guide as a teaching form used in teaching Dutch – a case study from ZagrebThis article explores a project conducted at the Chair of Dutch Language and Cultural Studies of the University of Zagreb in the context of Dutch language acquisition. Third-year bachelor students were given the task of creating an alternative travel guide for Croatia. The educational goals of this project include an exercise in persuasive writing with stress on register and usage of various adjectives and a broader societal goal, the achievement of which was possible thanks to the fact that the students looked at a known subject from a different perspective. The context of the project is an exceedingly growing tourism sector in Croatia which can bring benefits not only to the students who can learn typical touristic jargon in Dutch but also to the country which can diversify its touristic offer. The project is embedded in the theory of persuasive writing. Ultimately, both the lecturer and the students evaluated the project and the methods used, finding them useful and repeatable.
Dziewczynka i pies. O spotkaniu ciało-w-ciało ze zwierzęciem
Authors: Rogowska-Stangret Monika
Published: March 2020

A girl and a dog. On bodily encounters with the animalIn the article the category of the bodily encounter with the animal is presented. This concept is inspired by the Irigarayan notion of “bodily encounter with the mother” and it is developed using an example of the relation between a girl and a dog — two beings so far often excluded from the philosophical inquiries. The author constructs the category of bodily encounter with the animal referring to ideas coined by Luce Irigaray, Rosi Braidotti and Jolanta Brach-Czaina and places the very concept in a broader philosophical context. With reference to the category of bodily encounter with the animal, the author reflects on what is exceptional in the encounter between a girl and a dog, and investigates into the subversive potential of such an encounter and challenges it may pose to the given power relations.
Niedokończona konkwista. O niezrealizowanym projekcie filmowym Wernera Herzoga
Authors: Kempna-Pieniążek Magdalena
Published: March 2020

Unfinished conquest. On Werner Herzog’s unmade film projectThe paper shows Werner Herzog’s unmade project The Conquest of Mexico in the context of the director’s complex relations with mainstream cinema. The film which was supposed to initiate closer Werner Herzog–Francis Ford Coppola cooperation with time became known as one of cinema’s “unfinished masterpieces”. Trying to pinpoint the causes of the project’s failure, the author of the paper analyses the status of European auteur in contemporary Hollywood. One of the main contexts of the analysis is Indiewood, where the influence of mainstream cinema meets the potential of independent cinema and where such directors as Werner Herzog may find their place without the necessity of abandoning their artistic visions.
Rzeczy święte. O kulturowych wędrówkach „Trzech małp z Nikko”
Authors: Topp-Wójtowicz Izolda
Published: March 2020

Sacred object: On the cultural migrations of the Three monkeys from NikkoThe text is concerned with transformations of a sacred object during its spreading and functioning beyond its original cultural context. The author uses the example of the cultural migrations of the Three monkeys from Nikko and claims that during the process of desacralization the symbol is transformed into a sign or emblem. This process indicates the functions and the role of religion in con­temporary culture. From a different perspective, when a sacred object is treated as a ritual object 1 sensitive experience could be taken into account and 2 objects’ power could be recognized in acting.
Kompleks Narcyza: wzór — cechy — elementy. Stare metody i coraz bardziej aktualne problemy
Authors: Gomóła Anna
Published: March 2020

Narcissus complex: Pattern and traits. Old concepts and problems that keep being validIn this paper I ponder on the dominance of the “narcistic culture,” or a culture in which narcissism disseminates as a basic behaviour type, with its characteristic values inspired by Ruth Bene­dict’s idea. I describe the “narcissism culture” typologically: I put it in an opposition towards the “culture of common good” and characterise it as a diffusive net of traits inspired by Alfred L. Kroe­ber’s idea, which actualises itself in concrete local conditions. “Narcissism culture” is based upon individualism, ambition, and care for keeping up the image, while distancing itself from the “culture of common good,” i.e. community oriented, honour, caring for keeping up the image and reputation. The conditions for the narcissism to spread were possible because or were created by industrialisa­tion, with its six traits indicated by Alvin Toffler: standardisation, specialisation, synchronisation,  concentration, maximalisation, and centralisation, whereas due to the development of capitalism the  narcistic behaviours were reinforced and gained social importance.
Misja uniwersytetu. Walka o reformę na Universidad Católica de Chile
Authors: Barbaruk Magdalena
Published: March 2020

University mission: The fight for reform at the Catholic University in ChileThe author asks about the mission of the university understood as an axiologically defined way of life. She follows the history of the university reform in Chile in the 20th century, its two key moments from the point of view of university reflection: the strike in 1949 and in 1967. She notes that the strike phenomenon, although contrary to the idea of the university, is a tool for the disclosure of the university community. Both strikes were organized by architecture students at private Catholic universities in Santiago and Valparaíso, respectively, hence the demands for total reorganization, research autonomy, modernization and democratization can be regarded as radical. The author describes the research and teaching practice of the so-called School of Valparaíso, which can be considered the most important source and largest beneficiary having been granted the Open City area of the university reform in Chile. The ideas of architect Alberto Cruz Covarrubias and poet Godofredo Iommi Marini are also a good case for analyzing the problem of university autonomy the issue of apoliticality and questions about when the university fails in its mission.
Romantyczność ukryta wśród założeń
Authors: Abramowicz Jacek
Published: March 2020

Romance hidden among assumptionsI read Adam Mickiewicz’s treatise On Romantic Poetry as a lecture on the theory of poetic worlds and poetic genres. This article presents the general assumptions of the theory. In the following article I will compare it with the image of the ontic structure of the human world based on my interpretation of the poem Grażyna from an earlier article.
Poznámky k slovenskému a poľskému výskumu populárnej literatúry
Authors: Sivčová Stanislava
Published: March 2020

On the Slovak and Polish research of popular literatureThe aim of the article is to give the first and base characterization and comparison of research of popular literature and culture in Slovak and Polish national scientific contexts. There are many similarities but also differences in both national contexts dependent on different historical and cultural development.Main differences are in the attitude of researching. As in Slovak literary scientific context the focus is in area of literary communication and aesthetics, the Polish conception is based on cultural and context understanding of popular literature, defining its own history, theory and research apparatus. Differentness is also in the definition of main categories, such as popular literature, culture, mass literature and mass culture.In both national contexts the research has its own problems to deal with, in Slovak literary science there is a big need to open for interdisciplinary approach and to make the studies on popular literature fully appreciated part of research. In Polish context there is a need to create suitable methodology of research and to focus on the theory of popular literature as thanks to interdisciplinary approach there is a danger that popular literature will melt in popular culture studies.
Transformacje wzorców baśniowych w literaturze dziecięcej obecnej na współczesnym rynku wydawniczym
Authors: Kowalczyk Kamila
Published: March 2020

Transformation of fairy tales patterns in children’s literature available on the contemporary publishing marketWhat the contemporary publishing market offers the youngest readers are texts that make various forms of fairy tale characters — a  strongly representative group among them consists of texts that are transformations of fairy tale patterns that are deeply rooted in the mass imaginations including children’s imagination, which promote a  new version of a  well-known story: fairy tale renarrations. Such texts not only constitute evidence of changes in the fairy tale genre, but also prove the continuous updates on fairy tales. The aim of the article is to present and discuss how the authors modify specific characteristics of the fairy tale and play with its tradition. The examples of recognizable fairy tale patterns that are deeply rooted in the culture Little Red Riding Hood, Snow White, Hansel and Gretel, Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella were used to present the primary mechanisms of use and modification of fairy tales in children’s literature on the post-2000 Polish publishing market.The description of intertextual relationships between the fairy tale patterns and their renarrations renarration mechanisms has been supplemented with an analysis of influence of popular culture on children’s literature interpenetrating of cultural and literary circulations and the fashion for fairy tales. The studied works include those that have been written with gender education in mind, promotion of knowledge on rights of a  child or the environment and those primary aim of which is to entertain the young audience through reading. The article is also an encouragement to reflection on the genealogy of contemporary fairy tales and the shape, in which the “children’s fabulous fairy-tale-sphere” functions, and the factors that influence it.
W co grają bohaterowie literatury latynoamerykańskiej?
Authors: Szkwarek Magdalena
Published: March 2020

What games do the characters in Latin American literature play?The “open text” concept allows us to look at the literary work through the prism of the game which an author plays or could potentially play with a  recipient. However, in my article I  would like to show what games literally! play the fictional characters created by authors from Latin America, namely: board games, games involving physical stimulation, group games, video games, etc. Regardless of the origin and social status, the characters in Latin American literature enjoy playing games, as we shall see by analyzing selected texts.
Świat wynalazków i odkryć naukowych w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym — wybrane strategie dyskursu popularnonaukowego w prasie
Authors: Poprawa Marcin
Published: March 2020

World of scientific discoveries in Polish popular press 1918–1939. The main strategies of popularization of knowledge in media discourseThe author of the article has two research objectives. The first one is to describe and analyse main strategies of popularization of science in Polish press 1918–1939. The article also highlights some aspects, tendencies and reception of media text media discourse: picture of the world of science and achievements, strategies used by journalists to write about difficult topics e.g. translating difficult problems into easier stylistic form, used by them rules of “Plain Language”. The second purpose of the article is to overview historical, cultural context and hidden implications persuasive strategies in the public discourse about the role of science in Poland before the Second World War.
Polska frazeologia potoczna w rosyjskiej gwarze staroobrzędowców w Polsce
Authors: Grupa-Dolińska Magdalena
Published: March 2020

Polish colloquial phraseology in the Old Believers Russian dialect in PolandThe Old Believers in Poland are a bilingual community. They use Russian dialect and Polish language depending on the communicative situation. From the second half of the 20th century assimilative processes of the Polish language-cultural environment became more intense. Therefore, in their Russian dialect and culture a stronger influence of Polish elements is noticeable.The aim of this article is to analyze meanings of examples of colloquial phraseology from the Polish language functioning in the Russian dialect of the Old Believers in Poland and to analyze the structure of phraseological units that are a consequence of the influence of the Polish language on the Russian dialect.
Международная конференция «XX Славистические чте- ния памяти проф. П. А. Дмитриева и проф. Г. И. Сафронова», 12 сентября 2018 года, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
Authors: Shestakova-Stukun Aliona
Published: March 2020

20th Slavonic Readings of the Memory of Professor P.A. Dmitriev and Professor G.I. Safronov,September 12–13, 2018, St. Petersburg State UniversityThis article is devoted to the review of the papers presented at the international conference “20th Slavonic Readings of the Memory of prof. P.A. Dmitriev and prof. G.I. Safronov” September 12–13, 2018 at St. Petersburg State University. During five sessions “Slavic literature,” “History of Slavistics,” “Modern Slavic languages,” “History and dialectology of Slavic languages,” “Slavic linguodidactics” the actual problems of modern Slavistics were considered. More than 40 scientists from differentcities of Russia and Poland, Bulgaria, Serbia, Slovenia, Lithuania, Azerbaijan, Germany, Taiwan presented papers.
Kapitalizm w poglądach politycznych i ekonomicznych ks. Antoniego Szymańskiego
Authors: Kępa Mateusz
Published: March 2020

Capitalism in political and economic views of pr. Anthony SzymanskiThis article aims to present the political and economical views of priest Antoni Szymański on the capitalist system. He considering the concept of the capitalist system raised the most important issues, such as property, capital, labour, fair pay and the problem of unemployment. During his observations on the core of contemporary capitalism noted many anomalies of this system. However, he didn’t remain a passive critic and proposed concrete path toward “healing” capitalist system. It should be emphasized that the views of Szymanski are based on catholic social teaching, so he put on a pedestal a man and his inherent dignity.
Próba uchwycenia kierunków zmian w zakresie klauzuli rebus sic stantibus w Polsce
Authors: Chyla Łukasz
Published: March 2020

Capturing the direction of changes in the scope of the rebus sic stantibus clause under Polish lawThe aim of this article is to present the issue of the influence of the substantial change of circumstances on the parties’ obligation to the contractual agreements. In Poland, this so-called “rebus sic stantibus clause” governed by the article 3571 of the Polish Civil Code which is believed to be not flexible enough to follow the needs of the dynamics of the global economic turnover and also importantly, the certainty of trade. Therefore it has become a source of many controversies and issues in interpretation, which has led to various de lege ferenda postulates. The article’s aim is to thoroughly analyze the essence of the particular amendments, including those based on the Principles of European Contract Law art. 6:111 as well as proposals articulated by the doctrine. In summary, the article makes an attempt to capture the direction of changes in the design of the Polish institution of rebus sic stantibus clause.
Czy przebaczenie niweczy skutki uprzedniego wydziedziczenia?
Authors: Moskal Anna
Published: March 2020

Does forgiveness nullify the effects of previous disinheritance? The legal nature of forgiveness is the subject of passionate debates among the representatives of civil law doctrine. According to the dominant position in the literature, forgiveness is an act of affection or its manifested expression of forgiveness of the perpetrator of experienced injustice and related to this grudge. This institution has been applied three times in the Civil Code — once with the donation agreement, twice in regulations of inheritance law. Article 1010 § 1 provides that a testator cannot disinherit eligible for legal portion if he forgave him. The wording of the above article indicates that accomplishment of disinheritance in case if testator eligible for legal portion has previously forgiven. The legislator did not, however, determine the effects of forgiveness in relation to previous disinheritance. In the act of 1971, the Supreme Court accepted that such forgiveness would automatically nullify the effects of disinheritance, and could be made in any form. In recent years, lower courts have begun to question the Supreme Court's position, and judges increasingly refer to the critical statements of numerous doctrines. As it was rightly stated, admitting the possibility of invoking the forgiveness made after disinheritance poses a serious threat to the realization of the testator’s will, who, by forgiving, does not necessarily want to revoke the effects of his previous disinheritance. The postulate of de lege ferenda is, according to the author of the article, giving of freedom of judging the effects of forgiveness to the courts and each examination of the forgiving testator’s will on the possible abatement of the consequences of previous disinheritance.]]>
Odpowiedzialność zakładu ubezpieczeń za szkody wyrządzone przez agenta ubezpieczeniowego
Authors: Adamska Amanda , Barańska Anna Maria
Published: March 2020

The responsibility of an insurance company for damages caused by an insurance agent The subject of this article is the responsibility of an insurance company for damages caused by an insurance agent in connection with the performance of agency activities. The Act on Insurance Intermediation of 22 May 2003 lays down a liability regime based on the principle of risk. It also contains the definition of an insurance agent and performed agency activities. In the next part of the article there is analysed the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court concerning the interpretation of article 11 1 of the abovementioned Act. It discusses an attempt at defining the difference between activities performed “in connection with” and “at the occasion of” other activities. Finally there is analysed an issue of the contribution of the injured party to the occurrence of the damage in this type of cases article 362 of the Civil Code.
Historia aktualna — austriacka regulacja odsetek i lichwy w XIX-XX w.
Authors: Bokwa Krzysztof
Published: March 2020

Ongoing history — Austrian regulation of interest and usury in 19th–20th centuriesThis thesis aims to depict phemonena of interest and usury in private law using example of regulation of interest and usury in Austrian law. This issue was regulated in various ways from the mid-18th century until the World War 1. Subsequent legal acts are being analysed, referring to contemporary legal theories. Special emphasis is placed on the two aims of introducing full freedom of interest rate in 1787 and 1868 which, however, proved to be ephemeral. Nevertheless, liberalising attempts resulted in modern depiction of usury in the Imperial decree of 1914, where it was identified with extortion; that creates a connection to the contemporary Polish regulation, to which reference is made in the end of the article.