bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Convergence of joint mechanics in independently evolving, articulated coralline algae
Authors: Janot Kyra , Martone Patrick T.
Published: November 2015

Flexible joints are a key innovation in the evolution of upright coralline algae. These structures have evolved in parallel at least three separate times, allowing the otherwise rigid, calcified thalli of upright corallines to achieve flexibility when subjected to hydrodynamic stress. As all bending occurs at the joints, stress is amplified, which necessitates that joints be made of material that is both extensible and strong. Data presented here indicate that coralline joints are in fact often stronger and more extensible, as well as tougher, than fleshy seaweed tissues. Corallinoids are particularly strong and tough, which is largely due to the presence of secondary cell walls that strengthen the joint tissue without adding bulk to the joint itself. Cell wall thickness is shown to be a large contributing factor to strength across all groups, with the exception of the corallinoid Cheilosporum sagittatum, which likely possesses distinct chemical composition in its walls to increase strength beyond that of all other species tested.
Predictions of Structural Response to Dynamic Loads of Different Loading Rates
Authors: Hao g
Published: November 2015

Owing to the increased terrorist bombing attacks, as well as accidental explosions associated with the rapid economic development and urbanization, more and more civilian structures might experience blast loadings in their service lives. These increase the demands of more structures being designed to resist certain level of blast loadings. As a result, some structural engineers with limited or no experience or training on structural dynamics nowadays might need to deal with analysis and design of structures against high-rate blast loads. Although design guides are followed, lack of fundamental knowledge of structural performance under high-rate loadings might not necessarily lead to accurate structural response predictions because the design guides normally only cover the most general and common blast loading scenarios and structural response conditions. Similarly, some researchers who have abundant experiences in analysis and design of structures under relatively low-rate dynamic loadings such as earthquake ground excitations intend to directly apply their experiences in earthquake engineering to blast resistant designs. This sometimes leads to inappropriate actions, e.g., adapting inter-storey drift as a performance criterion, using active control devices or cross bracing as a blast loading mitigation measure. This paper discusses the fundamental theory of structural dynamics, basic differences of structural responses subjected to low-rate dynamic and high-rate blast loadings. The accuracy of commonly used approaches in structural response analysis to blast loadings, i.e., the Single-Degree-of-Freedom analysis, will also be discussed.
Explosive Breaching of Walls with Contact Charges: Theory and Applications
Authors: Remennikov Alex , Mentus Igor , Uy Brian
Published: November 2015

Breaching activities are required for military operations in urban environment and for firefighters in emergency situations for saving lives. Explosive wall breaching is a key capability in military operations in urban terrain environments where the close proximity of urban structures significantly restricts the use of large demolition charges. Explosive breaching is also used by special operations groups as a means to gain entry into a structure where conventional breaching methods are not sufficient or the emergency situation requires immediate entry to save lives. This paper develops an analytical model for the explosive breaching of protective targets such as concrete and masonry walls. It provides simple analytical models based on the principles of blast physics and the conservation laws for the characteristics of contact charges required to produce a wall breach of the required shape and size. The model is validated using the experimental data. An illustrative example is included to demonstrate the model's ability to predict the size of a breach hole in a thick masonry wall.
Residual Loading Capacity of Ultra-High Performance Concrete Columns After
Authors: Loads Blast , Li Jun , Wu Chengqing , Hao g
Published: November 2015

Columns are essential load carrying structural components and may experience accidental loads such as terrorist bombing attacks during their service life. Damages to columns may trigger structural collapse and it is therefore very important to protect critical load-carrying columns. In recent studies, a novel ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) material was developed and static loading test results revealed its outstanding mechanical strengths and ductility. The present study investigates the blast load-carrying capacities of columns made of UHPC. Concrete columns built with UHPC were blast tested in the field first; then brought back to laboratory and subjected to static load tests to determine their residual load-carrying capacities after experiencing varying levels of blast damage. The results from the field blast tests and laboratory static load tests for residual load-carrying capacities are presented and discussed in this paper. Numerical models for simulating responses and residual strengths of the UHPC columns after blast loadings are also developed in commercial hydro-code LS-DYNA and presented in the paper. Comparisons between the test data and numerical results are made and the accuracy of the numerical model is validated.
A New Kind of Blast-Resistant Curtain Wall Façade
Authors: Brewer Timothy R. , Morrill Kenneth B. , Crawford John E.
Published: November 2015

In a joint endeavor for the US Department of State Bureau of Diplomatic Security, Karagozian & Case Inc. (K&C) has been developing curtain wall technology for US government infrastructure overseas capable of withstanding the order of loads anticipated from large explosive events such as VBIEDs at close proximity. The analysis utilized High Fidelity Physics Based (HFPB) calculations including both Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Computational Structural Dynamics (CSD) methods. Unlike many similar analysis and simulation efforts, the work was validated by a full-scale explosive test. This paper provides description and commentary of the calculation approach adopted to analyze the structure and a comparison of the simulation and test results. Finally, conclusions are presented regarding the efficacy of the calculation approach adopted and recommendations are presented for future analysis and testing of conventional structural systems subject to blast loading of this magnitude.
The Role of Civil Engineers as First Responders in Disaster Management
Authors: Gebbeken Norbert F.J.
Published: November 2015

In case of a disaster, regardless whether it is natural, manmade or accidental, the built infrastructure is often affected. In such a case first responder organizations like fire fighters, technical relief, Red Cross, and others are usually overstrained with the reconnaissance and assessment of the damaged built infrastructure. Therefore they ask for experts to become member of the first responder team. Information is needed in order to organize escape routes, supply routes, evacuation, to assess rubble piles, instable slopes, settlements of bridges, to avoid collapse of structures and so on. The paper approaches the task by examples where the author has been involved. This includes heavy snow fall, flood, earthquake, peace mission after war, etc. As a consequence of the experience future research and development will be defined.
Enhancing the Applicability of Blast Modelling and Advice
Authors: Williams Donald S.
Published: November 2015

Architects, construction companies, engineers, owners and occupants seek guidance from providers of protective structure advice to develop a safe and secure built environment. The advice sought forms the basis for practical application of designs to minimise loss of life, assets and functions. This paper considers how advice based on the modelling of explosive effects is provided, specifically in relation to improvised explosive devices. Experience gained through reviewing protective structure advice indicates that, on occasion, the advice proffered does not assist the client and may be detrimental to the client's intentions. The advice may address what the client requested but not what was wanted or needed. The usefulness and hence value of the advice is related to: the specifics of the request, consideration of the client's broader built and operating environments, and limitations of the provider's perspective.

This observation paper seeks to identify how the provision of protective structure advice can better assist the client in making effective decisions relating to the protection of structures.
Structure and function of echinoderm telomerase RNA
Authors: Podlevsky Joshua D. , Li Yang , Chen Julian J.-L.
Published: November 2015

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) enzyme that requires an integral telomerase RNA (TR) subunit, in addition to the catalytic telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), for enzymatic function. The secondary structures of TRs from the three major groups of species, ciliates, fungi, and vertebrates, have been studied extensively and demonstrate dramatic diversity. Herein, we report the first comprehensive secondary structure of TR from echinoderms—marine invertebrates closely related to vertebrates—determined by phylogenetic comparative analysis of 16 TR sequences from three separate echinoderm classes. Similar to vertebrate TR, echinoderm TR contains the highly conserved template/pseudoknot and H/ACA domains. However, echinoderm TR lacks the ancestral CR4/5 structural domain found throughout vertebrate and fungal TRs. Instead, echinoderm TR contains a distinct simple helical region, termed eCR4/5, that is functionally equivalent to the CR4/5 domain. The urchin and brittle star eCR4/5 domains bind specifically to their respective TERT proteins and stimulate telomerase activity. Distinct from vertebrate telomerase, the echinoderm TR template/pseudoknot domain with the TERT protein is sufficient to reconstitute significant telomerase activity. This gain-of-function of the echinoderm template/pseudoknot domain for conferring telomerase activity presumably facilitated the rapid structural evolution of the eCR4/5 domain throughout the echinoderm lineage. Additionally, echinoderm TR utilizes the template-adjacent P1.1 helix as a physical template boundary element to prevent nontelomeric DNA synthesis, a mechanism used by ciliate and fungal TRs. Thus, the chimeric and eccentric structural features of echinoderm TR provide unparalleled insights into the rapid evolution of telomerase RNP structure and function.
Validating the use of Medicare Australia billing data to examine trends in skin cancer
Authors: Perera Eshini , Gnaneswaran Neiraja , Perera Marlon , Sinclair Rodney
Published: November 2015

Background: Epidemiological data surrounding non-melanomatous skin cancer (NMSC) is highly variable, in part due to the lack of government cancer registries. Several studies employ the use of Medical Australia (MA) rebate data in assessing such trends, the validity of which has not been studied in the past. Conversely, melanoma skin cancer is a notifiable disease, and thus, MA and cancer registry data is readily available. The aim of the current study is to assess the use of MA for epidemiological measures for skin cancers, by using melanoma as a disease sample.

Methods:  Following ethics approval, data from MA and Victorian Cancer Registry (VCR) from 2004-2008 were extracted. Incidence of MA and VCR unique melanoma cases were compared and stratified by age and local government area (LGA). Regression and a paired-samples t-test were performed.

Results:During the study period; 15,150 and 13,886 unique melanoma patients were identified through VCR and MA data sources respectively. An outlier in the >80­ year age group was noted between MA and VCR data. When stratified by age, significant correlation between MA and VCR was observed for all patients (gradient 0.91,R²= 0.936) and following exclusion of >80 patients (gradient 0.96,R²= 0.995). When stratified by LGA, a high degree of observation was observed for all patients (gradient 0.94,R²= 0.977) and following exclusion of >80 patients (gradient 0.996,R²= 0.975).

Conclusion:Despite the inclusion of outlier data groups, acceptable correlation between MA and VCR melanoma data was observed, suggesting that MA may be suitable for assessing epidemiological trends. Such principals may be used to validate the use of MA data for similar calculations assessing NMSC trends.
Quality of histone modification antibodies undermines chromatin biology research
Authors: Kungulovski Goran , Jeltsch Albert
Published: November 2015

Histone post-translational modification (PTM) antibodies are essential research reagents in chromatin biology. However, they suffer from variable properties and insufficient documentation of quality. Antibody manufacturers and vendors should provide detailed lot-specific documentation of quality, rendering further quality checks by end-customers unnecessary. A shift from polyclonal antibodies towards sustainable reagents like monoclonal or recombinant antibodies or histone binding domains would help to improve the reproducibility of experimental work in this field.
Methods of Preventing Deviant Behavior Among Adolescents in Secondary School
Authors: Кандугашева  , Kandugasheva Irina
Published: November 2015

This paper examines the main methods of preventing

deviant behavior among adolescents. We analyze the possibility of

its implementation in the activities of secondary school and Highlight

the effectiveness of an integrated approach to solving the problem,

i.e. involvement of all actors of this process: teachers, psychologists,

social workers, deviant adolescents and their parents.
Features of Formation of Properties, Characteristics and Qualities of Homo Political: Biopolitical Interpretation
Authors: Костючков  , Kostyuchkov S.
Published: November 2015

This article discusses the biopolitical studies of human behavior on the basis of genetic and environmental determination of its biosocial characteristics, examines the role of heredity and environmental conditions, with emphasis on the fact that human behavior is formed as a result of their combined influence, complicated interaction and interference of genes and environment. Particular attention is given to the process of political socialization of the individual and the phenomena of tolerance / intolerance, as a product of social interaction. It is emphasized that the political socialization of the person is a bivalent, bidirectional process of influence of the state and society to the individual in order to integrate him into the existing system of political relations, conscious perception by the individual political norms, values, attitudes. The author stresses the importance of biopolitical aspect of political socialization that involves relatively high autonomy of the individual in selecting political positions, their random substitution, as well as the ability to be guided by internal, sometimes unconscious preferences and beliefs. The conclusion is that the specificity of modern biopolitics is seen in concentrated interest in the problems of society, related both to the political, social and economic conditions of human existence, and with its biological nature.
Research Note—Tigerblood: Newspapers, Blogs, and the Founding of Information Technology Firms
Authors: Greenwood Brad N. , Gopal Anand
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we study the impact of increases in media coverage from two sources, newspapers and blogs, on firm founding rates in the context of technology-based entrepreneurship. Although increasing work in information systems (IS) has begun to investigate the effect of user-generated content on entrepreneurial behavior, limited attention has been devoted to how media affects firm founding or the boundary conditions of such an effect. Arguing for the direct effect of increased discourse in traditional and user-generated media in the information technology (IT) industry, results suggest that discourse in traditional media and blogs strongly influences IT firm founding rates. We further consider the differential impacts of media discourse on firm founding in different IT subsectors, over time, and in different locations. We test our hypotheses using entrepreneurial firm founding data from VentureXpert from 1998 to 2007, social media data from the three largest blogging platforms, and traditional media coverage from 11 major U.S. newspapers. Our work contributes to a better understanding of the concurrent effects of multiple forms of media on decision making and adds to the small but emerging literature addressing entrepreneurship-related research questions in IS.
The Determinants of Bank Mergers: A Revealed Preference Analysis
Authors: Akkus Oktay , Cookson J. Anthony , Hortaçsu Ali
Published: November 2015

We provide new estimates of merger value creation by exploiting revealed preferences of merging banks within a matching market framework. We find that merger value arises from cost efficiencies in overlapping markets, relaxing of regulation, and network effects exhibited by the acquirer-target matching. Beyond our findings, the revealed preference method has notable advantages that warrant its application beyond the bank merger market. Notably, we show that the method outperforms reduced form alternatives out of sample, enables sensible counterfactual experiments, and can be used to evaluate private-to-private mergers, which have been understudied because of lack of stock market data.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2245 .

This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Organizational Buyers’ Acceptance of Electronic Procurement Services—An Empirical Investigation in Indian Firms
Authors: Ramkumar M. , Jenamani Mamata
Published: November 2015

This paper presents an extension to the technology acceptance model (TAM) that empirically investigates the impact of managerial interventions (user training, top management support, and technical support) and user-level cognitive belief factors (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived complexity and trust) in influencing organizational buyers’ behavioral intention to accept e-procurement services. The primary objective of our research is to evaluate an extended technology acceptance model to understand organizational buyers’ intention to accept e-procurement services thereby integrating both organizational and user-level factors in a mandatory acceptance environment. Further, to develop finer-grained insights, we also investigate the mediating roles of the cognitive belief factors in the relationship between managerial interventions and behavioral intention. Unlike most prior e-procurement research, we focus on individual buyers’ acceptance intention, rather than examining e-procurement implementation and adoption issues at the organizational level. We test our hypotheses with survey data collected from 132 organizational buyers utilizing e-procurement services. The results show that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived complexity, and trust are the direct predictors of organizational buyers’ behavioral intention to accept e-procurement services. There is no direct effect of managerial interventions on behavioral intention to accept e-procurement services.
Transnational parenthood and forced migration: the case of asylum-seeking parents who are forcibly separated from their families by immigration laws
Authors: Madziva Roda
Published: November 2015

Within transnational studies literature, there is a tendency to assume that migrant parents have ready access to paid work once they arrive in countries of destination, which subsequently enables them to maintain transnational ties with children and kin left behind. In this article I argue that more attention needs to be paid to the ways in which immigration regimes and policies construct certain groups of migrants, such as asylum-seekers, as underserving of the rights to sell their labour and the adverse consequences these often have on parents’ identities and transnational capabilities. The argument builds on the case study of a group of Zimbabwean asylum-seeking parents. Like many asylum-seekers escaping politically repressive regimes, they had not managed to bring their children with them when they escaped to the UK, but had imagined that, once in a ‘safe haven’, they would be able to arrange for their children to join them. On arrival, they discovered that the UK immigration system treats parents as asylum-seekers first and parents later (if ever). This article furthers understanding of transnational parenting from the perspectives of a migrant group for whom labour market demand is not the sole objective for its mobility.
CORTEZ, Ives. Le français ne vient pas du latin! Essai sur une aberration linguistique. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2007.
Authors: Head Brian Franklin
Published: November 2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-1718_67_16
GARCÍA JURADO, F., González Delgado, R., González González, M. (eds.), La Historia de la Literatura Grecolatina en España: de la Ilustración al Liberalismo (1778-1850), Málaga, Analecta Malacitana anejos 90, 2013, 475 pp.
Authors: Silva Maria de Fátima
Published: November 2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-1718_67_20
PEDRO DE VALENCIA, Obras Completas II Escritos Bíblicos y Teológicos, Jesús Mª Nieto Ibáñez coord.), Colección Humanistas Españoles 37, Universidad de León 2014, 682 pp., ISBN 978-84-9773-693-0.
Authors: Dias Paula Barata
Published: November 2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-1718_67_32
SILVA, Amós Coêlho da, Airto, Ceolin Montagner. Dicionário Latino- -Português. Apresentação de Evanildo Bechara. Rio de Janeiro: Ingráfica Editorial Ltda., 2006.
Authors: Head Brian Franklin
Published: November 2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-1718_67_34
TREVIZAM, Matheus, Prosa técnica. Catão, Varrão, Vitrúvio e Columela, Belo Horizonte, Campinas, Unicamp, 2013. 93 p.
Authors: Brandão José Luís
Published: November 2015

TREVIZAM, Matheus, Prosa técnica. Catão, Varrão, Vitrúvio e Columela, Belo Horizonte, Campinas, Unicamp, 2013. 93 p. ISBN 978-85-7041-955-2http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-1718_67_37
Notes on a Special Feature of Greek Orthoepy: Use of a Non-Nasal Consonant for Representing the Velar Nasal
Authors: Head Brian F.
Published: November 2015

This study describes the contexts in which the letter gama is used in order to represent the velar nasal, it presents a hypothesis as to the origin of this consonant in Greek, and it considers a problem that results from the inadequate representation of Greek etyma in Roman script, as revealed in data from various dictionaries of Portuguese and other languages.http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-1718_67_4
UMA FAMÍLIA, UMA CIDADE E UM IMPÉRIO NA ENCRUZILHADA RELIGIOSA. A PROPÓSITO DA EPÍSTOLA A LETA 1-2 DE S. JERÓNIMO (BELÉM, 402).
Authors: Dias Paula Barata
Published: November 2015

Os dois primeiros parágrafos da Epístola a Leta, de S. Jerónimo, constituem, como ele próprio reconhece, um desvio ou um excurso face à motivação principal da carta, que é a de instruir uma mãe na educação ascética da sua filha. A comemoração do nascimento da pequena Paula para a vida ascética é o ponto de partida para o comentário do momento histórico de Roma e para um testemunho acerca da transformação das mentalidades e das formas de persuasão do cristianismo associadas às dinâmicas familiares. O artigo pretende analisar o valor testemunhal e a interpretação de Jerónimo acerca da história do momento religioso do império, que abrem uma luz sobre os processos de cristianização da aristocracia romana por meio da intimidade familiar.
CONFLITOS E TRAUMAS NO RENASCIMENTO EM PORTUGAL
Authors: Soares Nair Castro
Published: November 2015

Num século em que a abertura à modernidade trouxe um ardor renovado pelos ideais da Antiguidade Clássica, assimilados aos valores do Cristianismo – raízes da Civilização do Ocidental –,consuma-se a perda de Constantinopla e assiste-se ao crescente domínio turco e à defesa concertada contra o seu avanço; à grande gesta dos Descobrimentos, com as inevitáveis guerras de conquista; à Reforma protestante e às guerras de religião, qual Hidra de Lerna, no dizer de Erasmo; aos conflitos armados entre príncipes cristãos, que Camões interpela no Canto VII de Os Lusíadas.A Reforma de Lutero, Calvino, Henrique VIII fragmentaram a inconsútil túnica de Cristo e puseram fim à unidade da Respublica Christiana, que se tornou em Ocidente dos Estados. Marcantes nesta época foram o pragmatismo político de Maquiavel; o papel da ciência juridica, na definição do direito internacional e do direito dos povos.Em Portugal, muitos foram os conflitos decorrentes da política de expansão e da acção dos sucessivos monarcas, desde os inícios da Segunda Dinastia ao reinado de D. Sebastião: exílios, perseguições, sobretudo a partir da introdução da Inquisição (1536), desastres naturais e, enfim, a perda da independência, a marcar o ocaso do Século de Ouro.
Reconstructing Heritage and Cultural Identity in Marginalised and Hinterland Communities: Case Studies from Western Newfoundland
Authors: Baehre Rainer
Published: November 2015

This essay examines the issue of missing heritage, cultural identity, and regeneration of two historically marginalised communities in the Humber River Basin region of western Newfoundland, Canada: Woods Island and Crow Gulch. This region was shaped by the implementation of international treaties which restricted settlement until the turn of the twentieth century by Britain, France and the United States. The first case study focuses on a former fishing community in the Bay of Islands, Woods Island, whose prosperity once coincided with the need by large fish producers based in Gloucester, Massachusetts; they relied on the Bay of Islands for a herring bait fishery to conduct their operations, making the location one of the most important sources of supply in the North Atlantic. Issues surrounding treaty rights and access to this region’s resources resulted in international arbitration and The Hague Tribunal of 1910, and set a legal precedent for opening up global access to the world’s oceans. A half-century later, in the face of the forces of ‘modernisation’, Woods Island was resettled under pressure from the Newfoundland government, as part of a larger strategy to transform the island’s society and economy. Its heritage remains however important to former residents and their families in understanding a world now lost. The second case study explores an abandoned underclass community, consisting mostly of residents with French/Aboriginal background who were largely discriminated against because of their ethnicity. While also no longer in existence, Crow Gulch in its iconic role is significant in the wake of a recent major Mi’kmaw resurgence in Western Newfoundland. Together, these studies demonstrate how to conserve tangible and intangible culture of marginalised communities by linking micro-history to macro-history and how to preserve the past for future cultural benefit.
Right = Left ? The concepts of “right-left” and brain asymmetry
Sağ = Sol ? “Sağ-sol” kavramları ve beyin asimetrisi
Authors: Gülbetekin Evrim
Published: November 2015

Although “right” and “left” are neutral words those describe directions, they have some positive and negative meanings in cultural contexts. Attributing positive meanings for right and negative meanings for left is observed in different cultures, languages and belief systems including Turkish culture. In the presented study, Turkish words, sayings and phrasses including right, left and right-left together were examined according to their meanings (positive, negative, neutral) by referencing Turkish Language Instituion. It was observed that the word “right” had 15 positive meanings and the word “left” had no positive meanings.  On the other hand, it was found that the word “right” had no negative meanings and “left” had four negative meanings and there were eight negative meanings including the words “left” and “right” together.  The predisposition of attributing positive/negative meanings to right and left is discussed in a neuroscientific perspective and it is assessed in the context of two hemispheric specializations in the brain: 1. Motor asymmetries and handedness 2. Emotions and Valence Hypothesis.  Generally, attributing positive meanings for right and negative meanings for left seems to be related to human physiological system, structural and functional brain asymmetries and dependently human cognition and comprehension.

 

Özet

Sağ ve sol kavramları ilk anlamları itibariyle yön belirten nötr sözcükler olmasına rağmen kültürel bağlamda bu sözcüklerin olumlu ve olumsuz anlamlara sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Sağa olumlu, sola olumsuz anlam atfetme Türk kültürü de dahil olmak üzere farklı kültürlerde, dillerde ve inanç sistemleri içerisinde gözlenmektedir. Sunulan makalede Türk Dil Kurumu referans alınarak sağ, sol ve sağ ile solun birlikte kullanıldığı sözcük, birleşik sözcük, deyim ve atasözleri içerdikleri olumlu, olumsuz ve nötr anlamlara göre gruplandırılmıştır. Buna göre Türk Dilinde “sağ” sözcüğüne ilişkin 15 olumlu anlamın olduğu, buna karşın “sol” sözcüğüne ilişkin hiçbir olumlu anlamın olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Öte yandan, “sağ” sözcüğüne ilişkin hiçbir olumsuz anlamın olmadığı, “sol”sözcüğüne ilişkin dört ve “sol” ile “sağın” birlikte kullanıldığı sekiz olumsuz anlamın olduğu bulunmuştur. Sunulan makalede insanların sağa ve sola olumlu/olumsuz anlam atfetme eğilimi nörobilim bakış açısından ele alınarak beyinde yer alan iki hemisferik özelleşme temelinde değerlendirilmiştir: 1. Motor Asimetriler ve El Kullanımı 2. Duygular ve Değerlik Hipotezi. Genel olarak sağa olumlu, sola olumsuz anlamlar atfetmek insanın fizyolojik sistemiyle, yapısal ve işlevsel beyin asimetrileriyle ve buna bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan insan bilişi ve kavrayışı ile ilgili gibi görünmektedir.
An Assessment of International Competitiveness in CARICOM Services Exports
Authors: Lorde Troy , Alleyne Antonio , Francis Brian
Published: November 2015

CARICOM countries have determined that the export of services is the platform for future development of their economies in light of the loss of preferences for their traditional agricultural exports. This paper aims to determine if services can indeed fulfill this objective for the region within the context of international export competitiveness. We addressed the following questions: Which services exports in CARICOM countries are globally competitive; what is the degree of diversification in services exports; and what is the extent of export similarity in services in CARICOM. On a whole, other than Travel Services, and to a much lesser extent, Insurance Services, very few services exports in CARICOM countries are globally competitive. Most notably, Financial Services in the region, a sector touted as one to which several CARICOM countries are looking for future economic growth and development, are not competitive. St. Lucia and Jamaica are the only countries to exhibit advantages in Computer and Information Services and Personal, Cultural, and Recreational Services respectively. Guyana is competitive in Communications Services and Royalties and License Fees and Suriname in Transportation Services, Government Services and Other Business Services. Further, there is little diversification in services exports. Compounding this problem, there is a high degree of services exports similarity. If countries in the region wish to stake their future on the performance of services, regional governments will need to put in place strategies to enhance the sector’s competitiveness.
Examining multi-level effects on corporate social responsibility and irresponsibility
Authors: Mazzei Matthew J. , Gangloff Ashley K. , Shook Christoper L.
Published: November 2015

What influences firms to engage in socially responsible (irresponsible) activities? Corporate social responsibility (CSR), the efforts of firms to create a positive and desirable impact on society, and corporate social irresponsibility (CSI), contrary actions of unethical behavior that negatively influence society, have become an important focus of discussion for both corporations and scholars. Despite this interest, our understanding of organizations’ socially responsible (irresponsible) actions and their antecedents is still developing. A dearth of knowledge about the multi-level nature of the drivers of CSR and CSI continues to exist. Utilizing a longitudinal sample composed of 899 firms in 66 industries, we follow a prominent model to empirically examine industry-, firm-, and individual-level effects on CSR and CSI. Employing variance decomposition analysis, our results confirm that all three levels of investigation do indeed influence CSR and CSI. More substantively, our analysis estimates the magnitude of the effects attributable to each of the three levels for both CSR and CSI. We also compare multi-level influences on two separate CSR strategies, those targeting primary stakeholders (strategic CSR) and those targeting secondary stakeholders (social CSR). We find greater industry- and firmlevel effects on social CSR, and higher individual-level effects on strategic CSR. Our results build on the conceptual work of previous authors by providing empirical analyses to confirm multilevel influences on CSR and extending prior multi-level theory to the concept of CSI. Further, we add to the emerging literature regarding stakeholder demands by examining the various influences on CSR strategies targeting different stakeholder groups.
Convergence of Legal Rules: Comparing Cooperative and Non-Cooperative Processes
Authors: Crettez Bertrand , Deffains Bruno , Musy Olivier
Published: November 2015

Legal scholars distinguish two modes of international legal cooperation: minimum legal harmonization and full harmonization (i.e. legal unification). These cooperative choices imply more or less stringent requirements and are opposed to non cooperative, unilateral legal changes. This paper is an attempt to model these alternative modes of legal adjustments and to compare their properties regarding legal convergence. We show that all arrangements can lead to legal uniformity. We also show that decentralized processes can be better than more centralized arrangements.
A-kinase anchoring protein 2 is required for calcitonin-mediated invasion of cancer cells
Authors: Thakkar Arvind , Aljameeli Ahmed , Thomas Shibu , Shah Girish V
Published: November 2015

Expression of neuropeptide calcitonin (CT) and its receptor (CTR) is frequently elevated in prostate cancers (PCs) and activation of CT–CTR axis in non-invasive PC cells induces an invasive phenotype. Specific, cell-permeable inhibitors of protein kinase A abolish CTR-stimulated invasion of PC cells. Since PKA is ubiquitously distributed in cells, the present study examined the mechanism(s) by which CTR-stimulated PKA activity is regulated in time and space. CT reduced cell adhesion but increased invasion of PC cells. Both these actions were abolished by st-Ht31 inhibitory peptide suggesting the involvement of an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) in CT action. Next, we identified the AKAP associated with CT action by the subtraction of potential AKAP candidates using siRNAs. Knock-down of membrane-associated AKAP2, but not other AKAPs, abolished CT-stimulated invasion. Stable knock-down of AKAP2 in PC3-CTR cells remarkably decreased their cell proliferation, invasion, clonogenicity and ability to form orthotopic tumors and distant metastases in nude mice. Re-expression of AKAP2-wt restored these characteristics. Primary PC specimens displayed remarkable upregulation of CTR/AKAP2 expression as compared to benign prostates. Metastatic cancers displayed significantly higher CTR/AKAP2 expression than localized cancers. These results for the first time demonstrate that AKAP2 is expressed in human prostates, its expression is elevated in metastatic prostate cancer, and the knock-down of its expression remarkably decreased tumorigenicity and metastatic ability of prostate cancer cells. AKAP2 may serve as a critical component of CTR-mediated oncogenic actions.
La capacidad de ‘perspectivización’ de la pasiva con verse
Authors: Hanegreefs Hilde
Published: November 2015

La presente contribución aborda el uso del verbo verse como auxiliar en la perífrasis pasiva ‘verse + participio pasado’ desde una perspectiva semántica-cognitiva. Partiendo del significado que ver tiene fuera de la construcción, postulamos que esta construcción se distingue de las pasivas canónicas por implicar la presencia de un perceptor. En sujetos de primera o segunda persona los papeles de perceptor y paciente coinciden. Con sujetos de tercera persona, en cambio, el perceptor puede situarse fuera del escenario; esto corresponde a la perspectivización posibilitada por el uso del verbo ver. La evidencia empírica procede de un corpus económico bipartito, compuesto de informes anuales y artículos de prensa.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/verba.42.1258
Entre la gramática y el discurso: reformuladores alemanes en proceso de fijación
Authors: Robles i Sabater Ferran
Published: November 2015

El propósito de este artículo es, por una parte, revisar la noción de lareformulación a partir de la Teoría del Operador-Escopo y su concepción deldiscurso, basada en la capacidad interpretativa del receptor y en los intentosdel emisor de ajustar su producción lingüística a las expectativas de este afin de alcanzar un propósito concreto. Por otra parte, analizaremos tresreformuladores escasamente tratados en la bibliografía especializada y en losque es posible identificar las propiedades fundamentales de la categoría y sutransición, todavía no conclusa en muchos de estos marcadores, hacia su plenaconversión en partículas invariables con funciones propias del nivel textual(pragmático-discursivo) y no del ámbito oracional (morfosintáctico). Los datosaportados mostrarán la validez de una aproximación a la función discursiva delos reformuladores basada en el papel del receptor y en los esfuerzos delemisor por seleccionar aquellas estrategias expresivas que garanticen lasatisfacción de sus necesidades comunicativas.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/verba.42.1331
Los adverbios en –mente como factor de valoración en el discurso de la historia
Authors: Pinuer Rodríguez Claudio , Oteíza Silva Teresa
Published: November 2015

En el presente trabajo se examina la capacidad de los adverbios en –mente para configurar patrones evaluativos (White 2003) en torno a la representación de actores, eventos y procesos históricos, entendidos como la alusividad (Lambrecht 1998) o fondo referencial de la oración. Los adverbios se clasifican en aléticos –presuntamente-, aspectuales –terriblemente–, dominio –jurídicamente–, enunciativos –desgraciadamente–, epistémicos –empíricamente–, focales –especialmente–, mensurativos –enteramente–, metatextuales –literalmente– y temporales –inmediatamente– (Kovacci 1999; Rodríguez Ramalle 2003; NGLE 2009) y se pesquisan como parte de las estrategias que configuran cosmologías axiológicas (Maton 2007) en dos Informes chilenos oficiales de violación a los DDHH, analizados comparativamente. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/verba.42.1376
Sobre la naturaleza categorial y morfológica de medio en español
Authors: Buenafuentes de la Mata Cristina
Published: November 2015

Pese a la complejidad categorial que subyace bajo medio, apenas ha sido examinado con profundidad. En este trabajo, partiendo de su tratamiento en la historia de la lexicografía y la gramática españolas, se estudia el comportamiento de medio a través de su documentación en distintos corpus, para llegar a definir tanto su naturaleza categorial como sus particularidades funcionales y semánticas con respecto a otras unidades con las que se suele asociar (como casi, algo o un poco). Además, este análisis categorial se complementa con otro de tipo morfológico en el que se aportan argumentos sobre su consideración como prefijo y se demuestra que la adquisición de esta naturaleza afijal se puede observar desde el punto de vista diacrónico.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/verba.42.1593
Enfocando el castellano mar(h)ojo, asturiano marfueyu, gallego y portugués mar(a)follo a través del cat. marfull, ¿continuadores del lat. millef?l?um?
Authors: Fuenzalida Etcheverry Mauricio
Published: November 2015

El catalán marfull, fitónimo de varias especies, se concibe como un continuador del lat. millef?l?um. A su vez, los cast. mar(h)ojo, mal(h)ojo, melojo, ast. marfueyu, leon. marfueyo, gall. marfollo y otros, nombres del roble, del visco, del musgo y de cierta alga, son usualmente tratados como continuadores de un lat. malum folium, o aun, en el caso del visco, se propone un étimo árabe que habría sido trasmitido por la tradición botánica. El presente trabajo explora la posibilidad de extender el lat. millef?l?um como étimo al segundo grupo de voces. Para ello se intentará una conexión semántica entre los fitónimos catalanes y las voces centro-occidentales peninsulares. Supondremos al respecto que el fitónimo catalán se asocia al prototipo de la enredadera o hiedra. Tal prototipo permite explicar la aplicación de millef?l?um a otros referentes de tipo coronario (el roble) o similares a la hiedra (el visco). Nuestras hipótesis serán sustentadas ofreciendo paralelos románicos y latinos. Si bien nuestra especulación no pretende invalidar la hipótesis malum folium, ella la hace en algún grado prescindible para las formas estudiadas. Cabe observar, eso sí, que bien se las puede concebir como concurrentes. Nuestro trabajo tampoco es exhaustivo en el sentido de alcanzar una explicación para todas las acepciones de los signos estudiados.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/verba.42.1646
Según + interrogativo con valor indefinido
Authors: Herrero Ruiz de Loizaga Francisco Javier
Published: November 2015

Estudiamos en este artículo la creación de secuencias formadas por según + determinante, pronombre o adverbio interrogativo, del tipo “para según quién o para según qué sí hay pasta”, “no es agradable decir según qué cosas”, “La manzana es uno de aquellos alimentos que según cuándo y cómo se convierte en medicamento”. En ellas, la secuencia según + determinante, pronombre o adverbio interrogativo toma un valor indefinido, funcionando el conjunto como determinante, sustantivo o adverbio: según quién, ‘determinadas personas’, según qué, ‘determinadas cosas’, según qué + sust. ‘determinados/-as’ + sustantivo, según cuándo ‘en determinado(s) momento(s)’, según cómo ‘de determinada(s) manera(s)’, según dónde ‘en determinado(s) lugar(es)’. Las más frecuentes de estas construcciones son las del tipo según qué + sustantivo, en las que según qué funciona como determinante indefinido, y las menos usuales las formadas con según + adverbio. El desarrollo de estas construcciones es moderno y parte de las secuencias en que a según, con el valor de ‘en función de’ ‘dependiendo de’, le sigue una interrogativa indirecta introducida por un pronombre, determinante o adverbio. Posteriormente, hay una reducción a solo la secuencia según + partícula interrogativa, en la que el interrogativo, en función de pronombre o adverbio, indica de un modo general e indeterminado persona, cosa, modo, tiempo o lugar, primero en construcciones periféricas, después como constituyentes oracionales o partes de constituyente oracional con valor indefinido. Este último paso es muy reciente: no se encuentran testimonios anteriores al siglo XX, y tiene una extensión reducida: es un uso que parece haber surgido en España y no haber pasado a otras zonas hispanohablantes. En su formación se ha producido la lexicalización de la secuencia según + interrogativo, para dar lugar a un único elemento funcional de carácter gramatical.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/verba.42.1705
En torno a las designaciones de raíz y sus notaciones: una muestra de la consolidación del álgebra sincopada en el Renacimiento hispano
Authors: Molina Sangüesa Itziar
Published: November 2015

El objetivo de este trabajo es, por un lado, estudiar la terminología algebraica referida a las distintas designaciones de las raíces y, por otro, destacar el empleo de ciertas abreviaturas referidas a las mismas, no solo como un mecanismo lingüístico para economizar el discurso, sino por lo que supuso en el desarrollo del álgebra, —marcada, desde sus albores, por un estilo puramente retórico—, hacia la ciencia eminentemente simbólica en la que se ha erigido. En este proceso evolutivo que va de la palabra al símbolo, la etapa del Renacimiento, caracterizada por la alternancia de los vocablos acuñados por los algebristas italianos vs. alemanes y por la proliferación de abreviaturas en la notación algebraica (como, por ejemplo, para la expresión de las raíces), es fundamental; motivo por el que revisaremos, analizaremos y estudiaremos estas cuestiones en cuatro de los tratados matemáticos más representativos del Quinientos hispano: Conpusición de la arte de la Arismética y de Geometría (1512) de Juan de Ortega, Libro primero de Arithmética algebrática (1552) de Marco Aurel, Arithmética práctica y speculativa (1562) de Juan Pérez de Moya y Libro de Álgebra en Arithmética y Geometría (1567) de Pedro Núñez Salaciense.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/verba.42.1708
ESCRT-Dependent Cell Death in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model of the Lysosomal Storage Disorder Mucolipidosis Type IV
Authors: Huynh Julie M , Dang Hope , Munoz-Tucker Isabel A , O’Ketch Marvin , Liu Ian T , Perno Savannah , Bhuyan Natasha , Crain Allison , Borbon Ivan , Fares Hanna
Published: November 2015

Mutations in MCOLN1, which encodes the cation channel protein TRPML1, result in the neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Mucolipidosis type IV. Mucolipidosis type IV patients show lysosomal dysfunction in many tissues and neuronal cell death. The ortholog of TRPML1 in Caenorhabditis elegans is CUP-5; loss of CUP-5 results in lysosomal dysfunction in many tissues and death of developing intestinal cells that results in embryonic lethality. We previously showed that a null mutation in the ATP-Binding Cassette transporter MRP-4 rescues the lysosomal defect and embryonic lethality of cup-5(null) worms. Here we show that reducing levels of the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT)-associated proteins DID-2, USP-50, and ALX-1/EGO-2, which mediate the final de-ubiquitination step of integral membrane proteins being sequestered into late endosomes, also almost fully suppresses cup-5(null) mutant lysosomal defects and embryonic lethality. Indeed, we show that MRP-4 protein is hypo-ubiquitinated in the absence of CUP-5 and that reducing levels of ESCRT-associated proteins suppresses this hypo-ubiquitination. Thus, increased ESCRT-associated de-ubiquitinating activity mediates the lysosomal defects and corresponding cell death phenotypes in the absence of CUP-5.