bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality Assessment of the Essential Oil from Eucalyptus globulus Labill of Blida (Algeria) Origin
Authors: Boukhatem Mohamed Nadjib , Ferhat Mohamed Amine , Kameli Abdelkrim , Saidi Fairouz , Walid Kerkadi , Mohamed Sadok Bouziane
Published: December 2022

Despite the reputation earned by aromatic and medicinal plants of Algeria, the chemical constituents of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil (EGEO) of Blida origin has not previously been investigated. Thus, the present study has been conducted for the determination of chemical constituents and different physico-chemical properties of the EGEO. Chemical composition of the EGEO, grown in Algeria, was analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The chemical components were identified on the basis of Retention Time and comparing with mass spectral database of standard compounds. Relative amounts of detected compounds were calculated on the basis of GC peak areas. Fresh leaves of E. globulus on steam distillation yielded 0.96 % (v/w) of essential oil whereas the analysis resulted in the identification of a total of 11 constituents, 1.8 cineole (85.8 %), α-pinene (7.2 %), and β-myrcene (1.5 %) being the main components. Other notable compounds identified in the oil were β-pinene, limonene, α-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, linalool, pinocarveol, terpinen-4-ol, and α-terpineol. The physical properties such as specific gravity, refractive index and optical rotation and the chemical properties such as saponification value, acid number and iodine number of the EGEO were examined. The oil extracted has been analyzed to have 1.4602 - 1.4623 refractive index value, 0.918 - 0.919 specific gravity (sp.gr.), +9 - +10 optical rotation that satisfy the standards stipulated by European Pharmacopeia. All the physical and chemical parameters were in the range indicated by the ISO standards. Our findings will help to access the quality of the Eucalyptus oil which is important in the production of high value essential oils that will help to improve the economic condition of the community as well as the nation.
The Influence of the Degree of Iron-Ore Enrichment on it’s Metallization Parameters
Authors: Amdur A.M. , Pelevin A.E. , Purevsuren Barnasan , Munkhtuul Lkhamsuren , Raznitsina A.L.
Published: December 2022

Have been developed a scheme of enrichment (benification) of magnetite iron-ore concentrates with total content of Fet = 31% in ore at magnetic separator and obtained a superconcentrate with Fet = 69,50%. Experimentally determined that the reduction reaction degree of Fe by coal increases linearly with increasing of the content of Fe in concentrate. Certainly it has positive influence of decreasing the content of more difficult for reduction and poor magnetic iron containing components in the processing of wet magnetic separation (WMS). Almost all iron are in the form of good to reduce magnetite in the superconcentrates and enrichment of concentrate accompanying with growth of specific surface.
Dynamics Simulation Studies of Solvation Effect on the Trans-Xylomollin Conformation
Authors: Mahboub Radia
Published: December 2022

The present work describes the solvation effect on the trans-xylomollin conformation. We have studied the trans-xylomollin conformations with the distance restraints using simulation calculations. Distance Restraint Molecular Dynamic (DR-MD) and Distance Restraint Langevin Dynamic (DR-LD) simulations of the trans-xylomollin were performed with an efficient program. The geometries, interaction energies, bonds, angles, and the Van der Waals (VDW) interactions were carried out in solution and gas phases. This comparative study shows that the trans-xylomollin acquires low total energy in solution using DR-MD method and stable conformation under the AMBER field. This molecule reaches its high stable conformation state in solution environment. The solvation effect is more important with DR-MD simulations. Our results are goods and in agreement with the used force field.
On the Quantum Theory of Impact Phenomenon for the Conditions of Elastic Deformation of Impacted Body
Authors: Pluta Zdzisław , Hryniewicz Tadeusz
Published: December 2022

The work contains some of the elements of adequate quantum theory of impact phenomenon. These elements form the prelude to verification of the existent non-adequate theory of the impact phenomenon. At first a correct definition of impact has been formulated. For comparison, the interpretation of the elastic impact according to the existent knowledge is given. Then, taking advantage of the new correctly formulated the principle of mechanical energy conservation, the energetic states of impacting body have been described. Basing on this, the formula on dynamic deflection has been derived. This formula is adequate in character and fully corresponds with investigated reality.
Synthesis of some New Quinoxalines Bearing Pyridinyl Thiazole Moiety
Authors: Kathrotiya Haresh G. , Naliapara Yogesh T.
Published: December 2022

Keeping the objective to build up a new structural class of quinoxaline, a new series of quinoxaline derivatives bearing the pyridinyl thiazole nucleus have been synthesized by base-catalyzed chloro-amine condensation reaction approach. The protocol offers expeditious and easy synthesis with excellent yield. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, elemental analysis, and mass spectral data.
A Review of Operator Theory in Quantum Mechanics: A Case of Microwaves, Electricity and Magnetism
Authors: Khumba Paul G. , Okelo N.B.
Published: December 2022

We review the significance and input of operator theory in the field of quantum mechanics. In particular, we survey the world of microwaves. We also explore the applications in electricity and magnetism.
An Analysis of a Single Solar Radio Burst Type III and Type II Coronal Mass Ejections Associated to Solar Flare Event
Authors: Ali M. Omar , Hamidi Zety Sharizat , Shariff N.N.M. , Monstein C.
Published: December 2022

Solar radio burst type III and II is the subject matter that we are focusing on because type II and III burst are seem to have relation to each other. The most common of type III burst is called isolated type III burst which is produced by energetic electron from small scale energy release site on the sun and it is ranging from small bright point to large active region. This stage can be considered as a pre-flare stage that could be a signature of electron acceleration. Nevertheless, the most important is that the nonlinear wave-wave interaction which involving interaction of electrostatic electron plasma that called as Langmuir waves active region radio emissions is believed to be a main subject that relevant with a type III burst. In this study, solar radio bursts are observed by using the CALLISTO spectrometer. The log Periodic Dipole Antenna (LPDA) involved in this search over a broad region centered on the Sun and it covered the range of frequency from 45 MHz-870 MHz and it is connected to the CALLISTO spectrometer. At certain period of time, when the Sun launches billons tones of electrically conducting gas plasma into the space at millions of miles per hours it is assigned that CMEs begin to launches. At this time, the appearance of SRBT III was observed and followed by SRBT II within the time interval of 15 minutes. During flares, large scale of magnetic field structures can be destabilized and be repelled into the interplanetary medium; along with the large mass it contains to form so-called CMEs. Based on the result obtained, the SRBT III is followed by SRBT II which only in short period. During the SRBT II, the solar flare was also appearing and same goes to the CMEs
Optimization of Wear Performance of Electroless Ni-B Coating under Lubrication
Authors: Duari Santanu , Mukhopadhyay Arkadeb , Barman Tapan Kumar , Sahoo Prasanta
Published: December 2022

This paper presents an experimental study on tribological behavior of electroless Ni-B coating under lubricated condition based on Taguchi’s method. Mild steel specimens are used as the substrate material for the deposition of Ni-B coating and the thickness of the deposits is found to be around 35 μm. Based on Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array of experiments, the wear tests are done on a pin-on-disc type tribotester This experiment is carried out by utilizing the combination of process parameters of the tribotester like normal load, sliding speed and duration of sliding. The analysis of the experimental data is carried out with the help of MINITAB® software package. It is seen that the normal load is the most significant factor followed by sliding time at 99% confidence level. The surface morphology, composition and compound analysis of the coatings are done by means of scanning electron microscope, energy dispersed X-ray micro-analyzer and X-ray diffraction analyzer respectively. Finally, a confirmation test is carried out to validate the analysis.
Theoretical Evaluation of Ultrasonic Velocities of Binary Liquid Mixtures of 1-Bromopropane in Chlorobenzene at 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K
Authors: Praveen Babu Ch. , Pavan Kumar G. , Nagarjun B. , Samatha K.
Published: December 2022

Theoretical velocities of binary liquid mixtures of 1-bromopropane with chlorobenzene at 2 MHz and four different temperatures 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K, have been evaluated as a function of concentration and temperature. The experimental values are compared with theoretical models of liquid mixtures such as Nomoto, Van Dael-Vangeel, Impedance Relation, Rao’s Specific Velocity Method, Junjie’s relations and Free Length Theory. In the chosen system there is a good agreement between experimental and theoretical values calculated by Nomoto’s theory. The deviation in the variation of U2exp/U2imx from unity has also been evaluated for explaining the non ideality in the mixtures. The results are explained in terms of intermolecular interactions occurring in these binary liquid mixtures.
Pollution Discharge Scenario of Oil and Surfactants Manufacturing Industries along Dombivali Industrial Belt of Mumbai, India
Authors: Singare P.U. , Dhabarde S.S.
Published: December 2022

The paper deals with monitoring of pollution arising due to oil and surfactants manufacturing industries located along the Dombivali industrial belt of Mumbai, India. The study was carried for the period of one year from June, 2012 to May, 2013 to study the level of toxic heavy metals and the physico-chemical properties of waste water effluents discharged from the above industries. The maximum concentration of majority of heavy metals like Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb and Fe were recorded as 13.48, 3.90, 13.30, 1.75 and 15.89 ppm respectively, which were above the tolerable limit set for inland surface water. The maximum pH and conductivity values of the industrial waste water effluent were recorded as 10.05 and 27800 µmhos/cm respectively. The majority of physico-chemical parameters like chloride, cyanide, phosphate and total solid content were found to be maximum in the month of March having the respective values of 2340, 0.09, 3 5.2 and 8755 ppm. The effluent samples collected in the month of May was found to have low DO content of 3.33 ppm and high BOD content of 643 ppm. The alkalinity and COD values were reported to be maximum of 1988 and 4410 ppm respectively in the month of February. The hardness and salinity content was reported maximum of 131 and 5.76 ppm during the month of December and June respectively. The results of present research work indicates that time has come to move towards ecosystem specific discharge standards to maintain the health and productivity of natural resources on which the majority of Indians are dependent
Effect of Additives on Maximizing Petrol Production from Crude Oil and Investigation of Properties
Authors: Ashaduzzaman Md , Yunus Miah Md.
Published: December 2022

The objectives of this work were concentrated to investigate the enhancement of petrol distillate production from crude oil after treating with two additives. Attempts were also made to find out the mechanisms, those are responsible for enhancing the quantity and quality of petrol from crude oil by straight run refining process. From this study, it has been illustrated that the yield of petrol was directly proportional to the lubricating oil and inversely proportional to the bitumen asphalt content in the hydrocarbon mixture influenced by both physical and chemical reasons. The yield of petrol was increased ca. 4 % (w/w) when 0.25 % (w/w) additive-1 was used for blending before distillation. The physical properties of distillate petrol product were studied as well as the chemical quality was determined by TGA, 1H-NMR and GC-MS photometer.
Introduce of Generalized Uncertainty Principle
Authors: Sadatian Seyed Davood
Published: December 2022

We study and explain the uncertainty principle. We've discussed how to reform the uncertainty principle. In this regards, we have used the mechanisms of noncommutative algebra for obtain a generalized uncertainty principle. Following, Due to modified relationship uncertainty, we consider some application of these relation
Synthesis and Characterization of Ba0.96Sr0.04Ce0.7Zr0.3O3 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrolyte by Citrate EDTA Complexing Sol-Gel Process
Authors: Sailaja Jampana Madhuri , Murali Nandigam , Samatha K. , Veeraiah V.
Published: December 2022

This paper reports on the effect of Strontium doping on BaCe0.7Zr0.3O3 electrolyte prepared using the citrate-EDTA complexing sol-gel process at temperature T=1000°C. The phase formation and evolution with the temperature has been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TG-DTA).The morphology of the sintered powder at T=1300°C are examined by SEM - Scanning Electron MicroscopyEDAX - Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysisFTIR - Fourier transforms infrared spectrometer FTRS-Raman measurementsThe crystallite size of the ceramic powders calculated from Scherrer equation is 28nm and the diffraction peak shifted to higher angles. Microstructure of the sintered powder revealed that the average grain size is in the range of 2mm. The incorporation of Sr is found to suppress the formation of CeO2 like second phase and enhance the grain growth in sintered oxides. Dense ceramic materials were obtained at 1300°C and the relative density is 80% of the theoretical density. FTIR and Raman measurements reveal the complete single phase formation of the orthorhombic perovskite structure. The ionic conductivity of the pellet is investigated from room temperature to 400°C and is found to be 1.1x10-4S/cm (400°C). The conductivity increased as temperature increases and the activation energies is 0.48eV and hence this composition qualifies to be a promising electrolyte.
Evaluation of Chemical and Physico-Chemical Indicators of Water of the Resko Lake on the Basis of the European Union Water Framework Directive
Authors: Daniszewski Piotr , Konieczny Ryszard
Published: December 2022

The work shows the evaluation of physico-chemical parameters of water Resko lake, based on the European Union Water Framework Directive. Research was carried out in the years 2008-2009, in the period from April to October. With each of the three measuring stations on the tested water samples were taken two separate Lakes for chemical analysis. At the place of sampling were numbered pH. Trying to test water were taken by Polish Standards. Collected water samples were fixed in accordance with the recommendations in the Polish Standards. Other indicators for the quality of the waters have been tagged within 24 hours from the moment of download attempts. Have studied lake close to neutral pH - 7.63 to 7.79. All lakes in accordance with the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive have been included in the first class. Studies have shown a diverse water quality in lakes in relation to tested indicators. By analyzing the average annual values can be noted that the pH of the water, the O2diss and the concentration of NO3ˉ showed a relatively small variation in all investigated Lakes. The level of the General Suspension in Resko lake the peasant was on level II class. The concentration in the surface layer of Ptot. Lake is little differentiated, is at level II quality class according to the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive. The concentration of total phosphorus is 0,22-0,29 mg⋅dm–3.
Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and X–Ray Diffraction Studies of some Pd(II) Complexes with Schiff Bases
Authors: Shaikh Julekha A.
Published: December 2022

The synthesis, spectroscopic and X – Ray Diffraction studies of some Pd(II) complexes with bidentate Schiff bases are reported here. These Schiff bases were derived by condensing aldehydes like 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde, 5-chloro salicyladehyde with amines like 4-nitro aniline, 4-methyl aniline and 4-methoxy aniline. The complexes were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, molar conductivity, spectral (IR, 1H and electronic) as well as thermal analysis. All the Pd (II) complexes exhibit square planar geometry with 1:2 (metal : ligand) stoichiometry. The X- ray diffraction studies suggest monoclinic crystal system for these complexes.
On Connectivity Indices of an Infinite Family of the Linear Parallelogram of Benzenoid Graph
Authors: Farahani Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2022

A topological index of a graph G is a numeric quantity related to G which is describe molecular graph G. In this paper the Atom Bond Connectivity (ABC) and Geometric-Arithmetic (GA) indices of an infinite class of the linear parallelogram of benzenoid graph.
Mathematical Model Studies for River Regulatory Measures for the Improvement of Draft in Hoogly Estuary, India
Authors: Dubey Rajesh P. , Samarawickrama S. , Gunaratna P.P. , Halgahawatta L. , Pathirana K.P.P. , Raveenthiran K. , Subasingha K. , Das Bitanjaya , Sugandika T.A.N.
Published: December 2022

The Haldia port is situated in the Hooghly estuary, 104 km downstream of Kolkata Port. As a result of high sedimentation, the navigational channel to the Haldia Port is maintained with great amount of dredging (25 MCM per Annum). The paper presents a study carried out to find a solution to improve the channel depth together with minimum maintenance dredging. A desk study was carried out to identify the historical formation of the estuary and the remedial measures implemented in the past. A detailed field investigation was carried out to obtain the relevant data for the calibration of numerical models. 1D (MIKE 11) river hydrodynamic modelling was carried out using the available bathymetric data to supply upstream boundary conditions for the 2D (MIKE 21) and 3D (MIKE 3) numerical models. Number of possible scenarios were tested through MIKE 21 hydrodynamic modelling to select more feasible options. Selected options were further assessed through morphodynamic and 3D hydrodynamic modelling to examine the long term sustainability of the proposed solutions. Finally, the option which comprise of; approach channel through Balari Passage & closure of the Shore Attached Channel was selected as the best option. The selected option was further studied taking navigational aspects, dredging efforts and construction sequence into consideration.
Thermodynamic Study to Evaluate the Selectivity Behaviour of Nuclear Grade Resin Indion-223 towards some Univalent Ions
Authors: Singare Pravin U. , Mohammed Akmal L. Khan , Dixit N.N.
Published: December 2022

The present paper deals with the application of thermodynamic concept in understanding the preferential selectivity of nuclear grade anion exchange resin Indion-223 in H+ form towards Na+ and K+ ions in the solution. In the study it was observed that the equilibrium constants K values for H+/Na+ and H+/K+ uni-univalet ion exchange reactions increases from 0.01389 to 0.01855 and from 0.01710 to 0.02374 respectively as the temperature increases from 35.0 °C to 45.0 °C. The increase in K values with rise in temperature suggests endothermic ion exchange reactions having the enthalpy change values of 25.55 and 22.72 kJ/ mol respectively. Based on difference in K values and enthalpy values for the two uni-univalent ion exchange reactions, the preferential selectivity of the resin for the univalent ions in the solution was predicted. From the results of present study, it appears that the experimental technique used here can be applied further to understand the ionic selectivity of different industrial grade ion exchange resins. It is expected that such studies will provide valuable information in order to decide about the selection of those resins for efficient separation of various ionic species present in the industrial waste water effluents.
Molecule Dissociation at the Fe3O4 (001) Surface
Authors: Kim-Ngan N.T.H. , Jagło G. , Sitko D. , Soszka W.
Published: December 2022

The molecular dissociation at the single-crystalline Fe3O4 (001) surface has been investigated using the diatomic H+2, D+2 and N+2 molecules in the energy range of 3-8 keV and in the temperature range of 90-300 K. The single collision of ions released from dissociation with the surface atoms was observed only for the N2+ molecules. The detail analysis confirmed that for the light molecules such as H2+ and D2+ the charge-transfer process dominate the interaction of a molecule with the magnetite surface. A large change in the scattered ion yields around the Verwey phase transition temperature was observed indicating a strong correlation between the molecule dissociation and the electronic state of the magnetite surface.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New Imidazolinone Derivatives Containing Benzimidazole
Authors: Mehta Prakash , Davadra Prakash , Shah Nirav , Joshi Hitendra
Published: December 2022

In this study some new o-benzimidazol-2'-yl-benzamido-p'-benzamido-2-phenyl-4-substituted phenyl-5-oxo-Imidazolines 3a-3j were synthesized. To synthesized target molecules we used various substituted oxazolone derivatives, synthesized from substituted benzaldehyde with hippuric acid. Substituted oxazolones 2a-2j were reacted with carbohydrazide derivative of benzimidazole 1 in presence of pyridine as base to obtained substituted imidazolinone derivatives. All synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, elemental analysis and further supported by mass spectroscopy. All synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria which showed moderate to good activity. All compounds showing good to moderate active against fungal strain as compare to standard drug.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel (E)-1-(Aylideneamino)-6-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-Oxo-4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1,2-Dihydropyridine-3-Carbonitrile Derivatives
Authors: Khunt Hasmukh R. , Babariya Jayesh S. , Dedakiya Chandni D. , Maniar Charmi A. , Naliapara Yogesh T.
Published: December 2022

We have described simple facile method for the synthesis of Novel (E)-1-(aylideneamino)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives by using 1,3-diketone as synthon. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, Mass and 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Ambit of Carbon Capture Technology in India
Authors: Mukherjee Mainak , Mondal Surajit , Chowdhury Amit
Published: December 2022

Carbon capture is one of the most improving technology of late, with the advent of climate change globally. Work behind carbon capture is still at a progressive stage as far as India is concerned. Carbon capture involves state of the art technology and heavy economic value addition. Since Carbon dioxide is known for its devastating threat towards mankind and habitat, hence developing and adopting carbon capture mechanisms would lead to draining back ecological balance. In this paper we would be trying to come out with possible technologies that can be implemented for carbon capture and further sequestrating it. Additionally the scope of carbon capture in Indian industries, the governing policy framework and the limitations.
Space-Time Geometry of Electromagnetic Field in the System of Photon
Authors: Das Mukul Chandra , Misra Rampada
Published: December 2022

In the concept of general relativity gravity is the space-time geometry. Again, a relation between electromagnetic field and gravitational field is expected. In this paper, space-time geometry of electromagnetic field in the system of photon has been introduced to unify electromagnetic field and gravitational field in flat and curvature space-time.
Adsorption, Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of the Removal of Methyl Violet from Aqueous Solution Using White Potato Peel Powder
Authors: Enenebeaku Conrad Kenechukwu , Ukaga Ikechukwu C. , Okorocha Nnaemeka John , Onyeachu Benedict Ikenna
Published: December 2022

The adsorption of methyl violet (MV) dye onto white potato Peel powder from aqueous solution was investigated by analyzing the operational parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, PH and temperature to observe their effects in the dye adsorption process. The optimum conditions for the adsorption of MV onto the adsorbent (WPPP) was found to be contact time (120 mins), PH (10.0) and temperature (303K) for an initial MV dye concentration of 50mg/l and adsorbent dose of 1.0g. The experimental equilibrium adsorption data of the (MV) dye fitted best and well to the freundlich isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 17.13mg/g for the adsorption of MV. The kinetic data conforms to the pseudo – second order kinetic model.
Synthesis and Characterization of Substituted Bisbenzoxazine as Potent Antimicrobial Agent
Authors: Lalcheta Kishor R. , Dhaduk Bhvin B.
Published: December 2022

Bisbenoxazines derivatives were synthesized by refluxing substituted bisphenol-C, substituted aniline and formaldehyde in presence of 1, 4-dioxane with good yields. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by mass, NMR and IR and also evaluated for antimicrobial activity against four different bacterial and two fungal strains. The compounds 1c, 1h, 1j and 1l has found comparatively good active against all the bacterial strains.
Heavy Metals in the Waters of Dąbie Lake (West-Pomeranian Voievodship, North-West Poland)
Authors: Daniszewski Piotr
Published: December 2022

Heavy metal pollution is an ever increasing problem of our lakes. These toxic heavy metals entering in aquatic environment are adsorbed onto particulate matter, although they can form free metal ions and soluble complexes that are available for uptake by biological organisms. The increase in residue levels of heavy metal content in water, sediments and biota has resulted in decreased productivity and increase in exposure of humans to harmful substances. Many of these metals tend to remain in the ecosystem and eventually move from one compartment to the other within the food chain. Food chain contamination by heavy metals has become a burning issue in recent years because of their potential accumulation in biosystems through contaminated water, soil, sediment and air. Dąbie Lake is an integral part of the River Odra estuary. It is a shallow (2.5 m mean depth) water body with two distinct basins: the large (Dąbie Wielkie) and the small (Dąbie Małe). The aim of the studies, carried out in the years 2008 - 2009, was to determine the content of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) in the waters of Dąbie Lake, being the internal part of the tertiary Odra estuary.
Selective Separation of Cerium from Lanthanides by Extractive Photometry Using HDBE as Novel Reagent
Authors: Bambardekar Y. , Singare Pravin U. , Lokhande R.S.
Published: December 2022

Striking similarities in properties of lanthanides make their separation a difficult task. Development of highly selective analytical reagent hexane-2,5-dione-bis(ethylenediamine) HDBE that forms brown coloured complex with Ce(IV) which is quantitatively extracted into xylene at pH 6.4. Transfer of extracted complex to organic phase is very fast (<1min.). Optimum concentration of reagent required for complexation and full colour development is very low (0.8 cm3 of 0.1 % HDBE). Absorption maximum exhibited at 518 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the detectable range 0.3-4.0 ppm. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity values are 0.421·104 dm3· mol-1·cm-1 and 0.017 µg·cm-2 respectively. The present method is time honoured, permits selective separation of cerium from associated lanthanones using HDBE as a novel complexing agent.
Sol-Gel Derived LiNbO3: Its Crystallization Behavior Analyzed by High-Temperature X-Ray Diffraction Method
Authors: Yokoyama Hironori , Okamoto Yuko , Bamba Noriko , Suzuki Yoshikazu
Published: December 2022

Here, we have examined the crystallization behavior of a sol-gel derived LiNbO3 precursor using a high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) method. LiOC2H5 and Nb (OC2H5)5 were used as starting alkoxides. High-temperature reaction behavior was analyzed by HT-XRD up to 1000°C in air on a Pt stage, as well as by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis up to 1100°C in air. HT-XRD, DTA-TG and SEM observation revealed that ~700°C was a favorable temperature to obtain fine and well-crystallized LiNbO3 crystals.
Digital Language of Atomic Weights of the Chemical Elements
Authors: Kurić Lutvo
Published: December 2022

The subject of this thesis is a digital approach to the investigation of the digital basis of digital Periodic Table – periods 4 and 5. A period 4 element is one of the chemical elements in the fourth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. The fourth period contains 18 elements, beginning with potassium and ending with krypton. As a rule, period 4 elements fill their 4s shells first, then their 3d and 4p shells, in that order, however there are exceptions, such as chromium. A period 5 element is one of the chemical elements in the fifth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. The fifth period contains 18 elements, beginning with rubidium and ending with xenon. As a rule, period 5 elements fill their 5s shells first, then their 4d, and 5p shells, in that order, however there are exceptions, such as rhodium. The digital mechanism of those periods have been analyzed by the application of cybernetic methods, information theory and system theory, respectively. This paper is to report that we discovered new methods for development of the new technologies in chemistry. It is about the most advanced digital technology which is based on program, cybernetics and informational systems and laws. The results in practical application of the new technology could be useful in chemistry, bioinformatics, genetics, bio-chemistry and other natural sciences.
Activity of Total Alkaline Phosphatase in Water of the Strazym Lake
Authors: Daniszewski Piotr
Published: December 2022

The progress of civilisations causes changes in the water catchment areas lakes. aquatic waters are order - phosphorus and nitrogen compounds. Level of activity alkaline phosphatase (APA) has an important impact on the chemical and biological processes taking place in the aquatic environment. APA belongs to a group of indicators, who tells us about the extent limitations to development of biomass in the tank water. To estimate differentiation of activity of total alkaline phosphatase in water of the Strazym Lake, in time July - September of 2009. Studies upon water revealed that, among the zones analyzed, upper sublitoral layer was characterized by the highest phosphatase activity. From the analysis of seasonal oscillations it follows that activity maximum for alkaline phosphatase, both in water, occurred in July 2009. Overall activity in alkaline phosphatase in water considered lake fluctuated seasonal throughout the period test bed.
Structural and Vibrational Studies (FT-IR, FT-Raman) of Voglibose Using DFT Calculation
Authors: Solaichamy R. , Karpagam J.
Published: December 2022

In the present study, we report on the Molecular structure and infrared (IR) and FT-Raman studies of Voglibose (VGB) as well as by calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) approach; utilizing B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) basis set. The targeted interpretation of the vibrational spectra intended to the basis of calculated potential energy distribution matrix (PED) utilizing VEDA4 program. Stability of the molecule arising from hyperconjugative interactions and charge delocalization was studied using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The results show that change in electron density in the σ∗ and π∗ antibonding orbitals and E2 energies confirm the occurrence of intramolecular charge transfer within the molecule. The UV-Visible and NMR spectral analysis were reported by using TD-DFT and gauge GIAO approach respectively and their chemical shifts related to TMS were compared. The lowering of HOMO and LUMO energy gap appears to be the cause for its enhanced charge transfer interactions. Besides, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) analysis was reported. Due to different potent biological properties, the molecular docking results are also reported.
Physico-Chemical Properties of Biodiesel Produced from Neem Oil
Authors: Bhandare Prithviraj , Naik G.R.
Published: December 2022

Biodiesel is becoming prominent among the alternatives to conventional petro-diesel due to economic, environmental and social factors. The quality of biodiesel is influenced by the nature of feedstock and the production processes employed. High amounts of free fatty acids (FFA) in the feedstock are known to be detrimental to the quality of biodiesel. In addition, oils with compounds containing hydroxyl groups possess high viscosity due to hydrogen bonding. American Standards and Testing Materials, (ASTM D 6751) recommends FFA content of not more than 0.5% in biodiesel and a viscosity of less than 6 mm2/s. In this experiment the seed oils of 30 Neem (Azadirachta indica. A. juss) biotypes were screened and evaluated for their physico-chemical parameters for their potential in biodiesel. The properties of Neem biodiesel were compared with Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and the fuel properties of diesel. Results showed that high amounts of FFA in oils produced low quality biodiesel while neutralized oils with low amounts of FFA produced high quality biodiesel. The quality of biodiesel from jatropha and castor oils was improved greatly by neutralising the crude oils.
XPS Study of Sol-Gel Synthesized Vanadium-Titanium-Hydroquinone Oxide Bronze Films
Authors: Bondarenka Vladimiras , Sereika R.
Published: December 2022

Vanadium-titanium-hydroquinone oxide bronze, V1.67Ti0.33O5±δ /HQ (HQ-hydroquinone), was synthesized by using the sol–gel method. Vanadium pentoxide powder, titanium dihydride, hydrogen peroxide and hydroquinone were used as the starting materials to produce bronze. The composition of the synthesized compound was compared with V1.67Ti0.33O5±δ∙nH2O/HQ xerogel data. The xerogel and bronze were investigated by means of the XPS method. Analysis of the V–O region of XPS spectra showed that vanadium ions in xerogel ocurr in V5+ and V4+ states. In bronze, these ions are in a stable V5+ state. The oxygen in xerogel can be associated with O2- ions, hydroxide grouping and water. Oxygen only exists in bronze in the form of O2- ions and hydroxyl groups. Titanium ions in both cases are in a stable Ti4+ state.
Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Palm Kernel Fiber Reinforced with Waste Water Sachet (Polyethylene) Composite Material
Authors: Obiukwu Osita , Alo Francis , Onukwube Christogonus , Onwukwe Ejike
Published: December 2022

An investigation was carried out to produce a composite material of palm kernel fibre and empty water sachet (polyethylene). The percentage composition of the fibre was varied likewise the matrix the reinforcing material was varied from 5 wt. % to 20 wt. %. The materials were heated and poured in a mould. Mechanical properties of the composites were tested and determined. Impact Strength of the materials gave prime information on possible application of the developed material. After the analysis, It was verified that tensile strength decreased with filler loading and the material with 10 wt. % of palm kernel fibre developed a better mechanical property following its high tensile strength and impact strength and thus material will be most useful were strength to weight ratio is needed.
The Correlation between Solar Flare Phenomena in an X-Ray Region and Radio Flux Measurement from January to September 2010
Authors: Hamidi Zety Sharizat , Shariff N.N.M. , Ali M.F. , Monstein C. , Wan Zulkifli W.N.A. , Ibrahim M.B. , Arifin N.S. , Amran N.A.
Published: December 2022

A short term variation of solar flare in nine months (January 2010 to September 2010) is presented. This paper review and analyze the correlation between radio flux strength measurement and solar flare in the X-ray region. The radio flux measurement data were taken from the National Research Council; Ottawa while hard X-ray emission observed by Royal Observatory of Belgium. The overall range of solar radio flux recorded in this study ranging from 68 x 10-22 Wm-2Hz-1 to 96 x 10-22 Wm-2Hz-1. As there was no class of an X of solar flare reported at all in this study, we can confirm that there are no major effects that happened on Earth and outer space such as Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and solar storms. We concluded that the Sun shows a very minimum activity towards 24th solar cycle.
Characteristics of the Physical and Chemical Parameters of Water in Pools of Port in Szczecin in 2009
Authors: Cyraniak Emil , Daniszewski Piotr , Draszawka-Bołzan Beata
Published: December 2022

The aim of this work was to be traced during the summer and autumn of 2009 the level and dynamics of changes in the waters of the Port of Szczecin General docks parameters water quality. In the work of the General indicators of water temperature, were numbered: pH, BOD5, COD-Cr, Cl-. All the markings and the calculation was performed according to the methods recommended by Polish Standards, applying analytical procedures described in by Dojlido, Elbanowska, Hermanowicz. Port of Szczecin is located on the Oder river and its right shoulder Regalicy. Is located in the western part of the port of Szczecin, in the northern part of the Valley of the lower Oder river on May. The port consists of water bodies which are branches of the Oder river and the channels: Mieleński, Grabowski, Dunczyca Channel Figh, Wroclaw, Parnica, Channel Channel Debicki and Lake Dabie. Trying is water were collected by PN/C-04632.03 with a depth of about. 2 m below the water surface. The temperature at the place of sampling were numbered, pH. Collected water samples were fixed in accordance with the recommendations in the Polish Standard-PN/C-04632.04. Other indicators for the quality of the waters have been tagged within 24 hours from the moment of download attempts. The quality objectives was evaluated according to the criteria recommended to evaluate inland surface waters referred to in regulation of the Minister of the environment of 11 February 2004 on the classification for the present status of surface water and groundwater, how to conduct monitoring and how to interpret the results and presentation of these waters. Due to the exposure of the docks the port Szczecin on the pollution associated with cross-what are the cereals, ores, oil, cellulose, carbon, iron, general research evaluation of the water quality of these pools, you can assess the status of water in order to keep these waters.
Determination of Heavy Metals of Road Deposited Sediment in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria Using XRF Technique
Authors: Ogunmodede O.T. , Ajayi O.O.
Published: December 2022

In this work x-ray fluorescence(XRF) technology was used to evaluate the soil pollution with heavy metals (K, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zr) in rain run-off deposited metal sediment of road side soil in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. The investigated sediment of road side was collected in open places along the road at different districts in Ado Ekiti. XRF was carried out at the laboratory of Obafemi Awolowo University centre for energy research using handheld thermo scientific energy-dispersive XRF analyzer. The experimental result indicate that the concentration of heavy elements in Adebayo road is the highest level detected while the road at new Iyin road is lowest and they are greater than the level detected in a control soil collected from a zone situated far from the road. For the majority of metals, pronounced maximum, concentrations were detected in the site. Anthropogenic releases give rise to highest concentrations of the metals relative to the normal background values and in some locations their levels exceed the alert level admitted by the Nigeria guideline.
Scavenging Activity, Anti-Inflammatory and Diabetes Related Enzyme Inhibition Properties of Leaves Extract from some Varieties of Phoenyx dactylifera l.
Authors: Eddine Laouini Salah , Segni Ladjel , Noureddine Gherraf , Redha Ouahrani Mohammed , Sonia Mokni
Published: December 2022

In this study we investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities of ethanolic leaves extracts of three selected varieties of Phoenyx dactylifera L. namely: “Ghars”, “Deglet Nour” and “Hamraya”. The assessment of the antioxidant potential of crude leaves extracts, using superoxide anions inhibition, DPPH and total antioxidant activity essays, was carried out. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory properties of the extracts were determined by measuring the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production. Moreover, the antidiabetic effect was evaluated by inhibition of α-amylase enzymes. The total phenolic content measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method was as well conducted. The raw leaves extracts of the selected varieties was found to contain a high content of total phenolic content (342.45 mg GAE/gDW for GE) and therefore exhibited a higher antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect of radicals scavenging activity against DPPH and superoxide anion (IC50 = 7.44 μg/mL and 39.11 μg/mL respectively). The three varieties exhibited significant inhibition nitric oxide using In Vitro assay (IC50 = 240.28 μg/mL for GE). The extracts also displayed high inhibition actions against α-amylase enzymes. The results suggest that the leaves of the three selected varieties of Phoenyx dactylifera can be considered as a good source of natural antioxidant and anti-inflammation drugs as well as potent antidiabetic medicine.
Radio Observation of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) due to Flare Related Phenomenon on 7th March 2012
Authors: Hamidi Zety Sharizat , Monstein C. , Shariff N.N.M.
Published: December 2022

On March 7th, 2012, an active region AR1429 has unleashed 2 major X-class solar flares. This flare is accompanied by a Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) event. A pair of unusually large solar flares early March 7, 2012 generated a Coronal Mass Ejection that was expected to reach Earth around midday March 8. In this case we focused on the second explosion of solar flare. It is found that the indication of signal potentially drives Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). There are a few types solar burst that can be observed, which is (i) an individual type III (ii) a complex type III (iii) subtype an H type II solar burst and (iv) type IV solar burst. The duration of solar burst is start from 1:02 UT to 2:00 UT. We also compare our results with the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) data. Overall, one hour duration with a strong intensity burst are exploded strongly within the period. The fast drift type III burst has continued until 1:28 UT is associated with the large X 5.4 -class solar flares at 1:25:05 UT. It is undeniable that solar flare plays an important role in the Sun-Earth connection due to sudden changes of strong magnetic fields in the Sun’s corona. From our analysis, one possible reason behind the formation of this very complex, long duration of this loop is the magnetic reconnection and disruption of the loops which is observed during flare maximum. Until now, there has been an increasing interest in the space weather program has stimulated interest in this issue. A new experimental approach by e-CALLISTO with 24 hours monitoring and further development of a model of the theory are hoping to meet the current knowledge about the Sun behaviour.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of (1-Acetyl/1-Phenyl)-3-{4'-[(4'''-Chlorophenyl) (Phenyl) Methyl Amino] Phenyl}-5-Aryl-Pyrazoline
Authors: Guna J.V. , Bhadani V.N. , Purohit H.D. , Purohit Dipak M.
Published: December 2022

1-Acetyl-3-{4'-[(4'''-chlorophenyl) (phenyl) methyl amino] phenyl}-5-aryl-pyrazolines (3a-3l) and 1-Phenyl-3-{4'-[(4'''-chlorophenyl) (phenyl) methyl amino] phenyl}-5-aryl-pyrazolines (4a-4l) have been synthesized. The products have been assayed for their biological activity against Gram +ve, Gram -ve bacteria and fungi. Some of the compounds showed moderate activity in concentration 50 μg/ml. The structure of the products have been elucidated by IR, 1H-NMR, mass spectral data elemental analysis and Thin layer chromatography.
The Impact of Cylindrical Fuel Assemblies’ Arrangement on the Heat and Mass Transfers into an Horizontal Porous Circular Cylinder
Authors: Ragui Karim , Boutra Abdelkader , Benkahla Youb Khaled
Published: December 2022

The present work refers to the investigation of natural convection into an horizontal porous circular cylinder, driven by cooperating thermal and solutal buoyancy forces. The circular cylinder is maintained at constant temperature and concentration lower than that of four inner, heat and solute, ones which are arranged in two different manners. The physical model for the momentum conservation equation makes use of the Brinkman extension of the classical Darcy equation, the set of coupled equations is solved using the finite volume method and the SIMPLER algorithm. Through a parametric study, the effects of the distance between the cylinders on the thermal and solutal characteristics are widely inspected. Then, powerful correlations predicting the mean transfer inside the porous medium as a function of the cylinders’ disposition are proposed, which predict within ±1% the numerical results. It is to note that the validity of the computing code used was ascertained by comparing our results with the experimental and the numerical ones already available in the literature.
Approach for the Synthesis of Potent Antimicrobials Containing Pyrazole, Pyrimidine and Morpholine Analogues
Authors: Desai Nisheeth C. , Patel Bonny Y. , Dave Bharti P.
Published: December 2022

The present study is in the interest of some synthesized novel derivatives containing 4-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N-(morpholinomethyl)-6-arylpyrimidin-2-amines pooled with different bio-active heterocycles such as pyrazole, pyrimidine and morpholine derivatives. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against different bacterial and fungal strains using Mueller-Hinton Broth dilution method. On the basis of SAR studies, it was observed that the presence of electron withdrawing groups remarkably enhanced the antimicrobial activity of synthesized compounds.