bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural disconnectome mapping of cognitive function in poststroke patients
Authors: Kolskår Knut K. , Ulrichsen Kristine M. , Richard Genevieve , Dørum Erlend S. , de Schotten Michel Thiebaut , Rokicki Jaroslav , Monereo‐Sánchez Jennifer , Engvig Andreas , Hansen Hege Ihle , Nordvik Jan Egil , Westlye Lars T. , Alnæs Dag
Published: July 2022

Background and purpose

Sequalae following stroke represents a significant challenge in current rehabilitation. The location and size of focal lesions are only moderately predictive of the diverse cognitive outcome after stroke. One explanation building on recent work on brain networks proposes that the cognitive consequences of focal lesions are caused by damages to anatomically distributed brain networks supporting cognition rather than specific lesion locations.

Methods

To investigate the association between poststroke structural disconnectivity and cognitive performance, we estimated individual level whole‐brain disconnectivity probability maps based on lesion maps from 102 stroke patients using normative data from healthy controls. Cognitive performance was assessed in the whole sample using Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and a more comprehensive computerized test protocol was performed on a subset (n = 82).

Results

Multivariate analysis using Partial Least Squares on the disconnectome maps revealed that higher disconnectivity in right insular and frontal operculum, superior temporal gyrus and putamen was associated with poorer MoCA performance, indicating that lesions in regions connected with these brain regions are more likely to cause cognitive impairment. Furthermore, our results indicated that disconnectivity within these clusters was associated with poorer performance across multiple cognitive domains.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate that the extent and distribution of structural disconnectivity following stroke are sensitive to cognitive deficits and may provide important clinical information predicting poststroke cognitive sequalae.
Membranous and nuclear staining of CLDN18 in HPV‐independent and HPV‐associated endocervical adenocarcinomas
Authors: Du Xiuzhen , Hu Yanjiao , Ji Xiaoyu , Sui Lei , Zheng Qingmei , Song Kejuan , Lv Teng , Chen Yulong , Zhao Han , Dai Shuzhen , Zhao Peng , Yao Qin
Published: July 2022

Objectives

A classification system for endocervical adenocarcinoma (ECA) based on high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) status has been established; however, the immunohistochemical markers distinguishing HPV‐independent and HPV‐associated ECAs have not been fully described. Here, we aimed to characterize ECA immunopathological features.

Methods

We evaluated the immunohistochemical profile of CLDN18, CDX2, PAX8, p16, p53, and CEA in 60 ECAs comprising 10 HPV‐independent ECAs and 50 HPV‐associated ECAs. Both the membranous and nuclear expression levels of CLDN18 were analyzed.

Results

Membranous CLDN18 (CLDN18 [M]) was found to be expressed in the mucinous epithelium of all HPV‐independent ECAs, including eight gastric‐type ECAs (G‐ECAs), one endometrioid ECA, and one clear cell ECA, but no nuclear CLDN18 (CLDN18 [N]) expression was detected in HPV‐independent ECAs. Among HPV‐associated ECAs, CLDN18 (M) expression levels in intestinal‐type (I‐ECAs) and usual‐type ECAs (U‐ECAs) were significantly different from those in invasive stratified mucin‐producing (iSMILE) carcinomas (p = 0.036). Positive CLDN18 (M) staining was present in 55.6% (5/9) of intestinal‐type and 39.4% (13/33) of usual‐type ECAs and was not present in iSMILE ECAs. Silva pattern C cancers expressed higher levels of CLDN18 (M) than Silva pattern A and B cancers (p = 0.004), whereas the CLDN18 (N) expression levels in cancers showing Silva pattern A were significantly higher than those in cancers exhibiting Silva patterns B and C (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Membranous CLDN18 is expressed in ECAs and is particularly frequently expressed in HPV‐independent ECAs, and membranous CLDN18 expression has potential as a therapeutic target. Nuclear staining of CLDN18 is a new immunohistochemical marker for diagnosing Silva pattern A HPV‐associated ECAs and is associated with a good prognosis. Further studies should investigate the therapeutic and prognostic significance of membranous and nuclear CLDN18 expression and develop a related test that can be implemented in the clinical evaluation of ECAs.
Cancer carrier screening in the general population using whole‐genome sequencing
Authors: Chang Ya‐Sian , Chao Dy‐San , Chung Chin‐Chun , Chou Yu‐Pao , Chang Chieh‐Min , Lin Chia‐Li , Chu Hou‐Wei , Chen Hon‐Da , Liu Ting‐Yuan , Juan Yu‐Hsuan , Chang Shun‐Jen , Chang Jan‐Gowth
Published: July 2022

Background

Cancer is a major cause of death, and its early identification and intervention have potential for clinical actionability and benefits for human health. The studies using whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) and large samples analysis of cancer‐related genes have been rarely done.

Methods

We performed WGS to explore germline mutations in coding and non‐coding areas of cancer‐related genes and non‐coding driver genes and regulatory areas. Structural variants (SVs) was also analyzed. We used several tools and a subgrouping method to analyze the variants in 1491 healthy participants. Moreover, 275 cancer‐related genes sequencing was carried out in 125 cancer patients.

Results

The incidence of familial cancer in the Taiwanese general population is 8.79% (131/1491). Cancer carrier rate of cancer‐related genes is about 7.04% (105/1491) for pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (P/LP) on ClinVar database only, and 28.24% (421/1491) for P/LP and loss of function variants. The carrier frequencies of cancer‐related genes P/LP on ClinVar database were as follows: 8.40% (11/131), 7.11% (28/394), and 6.83% (66/966) in FC, 1MC, and nMC, respectively. The SVs and non‐coding driver gene variants are uncommon. There are 1.54% (23/1491) of actionable cancer genes in American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), and the germline mutation rate of 275 cancer‐related genes is 7.2% (9/125) in cancer patients including 4.0% (5/125) of actionable cancer genes in ACMG. After analyzing the frequencies of P/LP variants on GJB2 and SLC25A13 genes, we suggest that these two genes may not be cancer‐related genes and need be re‐evaluated.

Conclusions

WGS analysis can completely detect germline mutations in cancer carriers. This study use subgrouping approach for samples provides a strategy to study whether a gene or variant is a cancer‐related gene or variant in the future studies.
Pulsed electrolysis of carbon dioxide by large‐scale solid oxide electrolytic cells for intermittent renewable energy storage
Authors: Wu Anqi , Li Chaolei , Han Beibei , Liu Wu , Zhang Yang , Hanson Svenja , Guan Wanbing , Singhal Subhash C.
Published: July 2022

CO2 electrolysis with solid oxide electrolytic cells (SOECs) using intermittently available renewable energy has potential applications for carbon neutrality and energy storage. In this study, a pulsed current strategy is used to replicate intermittent energy availability, and the stability and conversion rate of the cyclic operation by a large‐scale flat‐tube SOEC are studied. One hundred cycles under pulsed current ranging from −100 to −300 mA/cm2 with a total operating time of about 800 h were carried out. The results show that after 100 cycles, the cell voltage attenuates by 0.041%/cycle in the high current stage of −300 mA/cm2, indicating that the lifetime of the cell can reach up to about 500 cycles. The total CO2 conversion rate reached 52%, which is close to the theoretical value of 54.3% at −300 mA/cm2, and the calculated efficiency approached 98.2%, assuming heat recycling. This study illustrates the significant advantages of SOEC in efficient electrochemical energy conversion, carbon emission mitigation, and seasonal energy storage.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Arylboration of Alkenes
Authors: Zou Chenchen , Wu Hongli , Ji Yuqi , Zhang Penglin , Cui Huanhuan , Huang Genping , Zhang Chun
Published: July 2022

Comprehensive Summary

The palladium‐catalyzed borylative cyclization via C—H activation has been developed. By this chemistry, the indole‐fused dihydro‐pyrrole motif, which is a kind of important unit in natural products and bio‐active molecules, could be constructed and installed with a boric ester group. Furthermore, the utilities of products have been illustrated by the study of further transformations. Importantly, by using chiral ligand, the enantioselectivity of this borylative cyclization reaction could be controlled. Moreover, the borylative mechanism, which should proceed through a Pd(II)/Pd(IV) catalytic cycle, has been proposed based on the DFT calculations.
Acquired unilateral alopecia after arterial infusion chemotherapy in a recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Duan Bao‐Feng , Chen Hua‐Ying , Zheng Xue‐Mei , He Qing
Published: July 2022

Background

Intractable nasopharyngeal hemorrhage is a severe complication with high mortality rate in patients with radiation therapy (RT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) that requires emergency treatment. Quite a few of them combine with tumor recurrence. Treatment planning for these patients is extremely difficult for oncologists, and effective treatments are lacking.

Case

A 42‐year‐old man had a history of recurrent NPC that was treated with 2 cycles of chemoradiotherapies from 2017 to 2019. Five months after the second round of chemoradiotherapy, an episode of massive nasal bleeding occurred. As positron emission tomography (PET) scan revealed tumor recurrence in the left wall of nasopharynx, superselective embolization and subsequent intra‐arterial infusion (IA, 4 times of cisplatin 60 mg + fluorouracil 1.0 g) were performed to stop bleeding and achieve tumor control. To date, the disease‐free survival time has been over 1 year. No tumor recurrence or rebleeding is found except for alopecia on the left side.

Conclusions

Interventional radiology is important and effective in the treatment of recurrent NPC for both massive nasal bleeding and tumor control. However, the unique complication of unilateral alopecia should not be ignored.
Development and validation of a forensic multiplex InDel assay: The AGCU InDel 60 kit
Authors: Liu Jing , Du Weian , Jiang Lirong , Liu Changhui , Chen Ling , Zheng Yangyang , Hou Yiping , Liu Chao , Wang Zheng
Published: July 2022

Marker sets based on insertion/deletion polymorphisms (InDels) combine the characteristics of both short tandem repeats (STRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms and have served as effective complementary or stand‐alone systems for human identification in forensics. We developed a novel multiplex amplification detection system, designated the AGCU InDel 60 kit, containing 57 autosomal InDels, 2 Y‐chromosomal InDels, and the amelogenin locus and validated the kit in a series of studies, which included tests of the PCR conditions; tests for sensitivity, species specificity, reproducibility, stability, and mock case samples; degradation studies; and a population study. The results indicated that the AGCU InDel 60 kit was accurate, specific, reproducible, stable, and robust. Complete DNA profiles were obtained even with 125 pg of human DNA. In tests of artificially degraded samples, we found that the number of alleles detected by the validated kit was considerably greater than that detected by the STR‐based AGCU 21+1 kit, even as the degree of degradation increased. Additionally, 564 unrelated individuals from three Han groups were investigated using this novel system, and the values of combined power of discrimination and combined power of exclusion were not less than 1–4.9026 × 10−24 and 1–3.1123 × 10−5, respectively. Thus, the results indicated that the novel kit was more powerful than the previous version of the InDel kit (the AGCU InDel 50 kit). Our results suggest that the AGCU InDel 60 kit can serve as an efficient tool for human forensics and a supplementary kit for population genetics research.
Differences in Trophic Level, Contaminant Load, and DNA Damage in an Urban and a Remote Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) Breeding Colony in Coastal Norway
Authors: Keilen Ellen Kristine , Borgå Katrine , Thorstensen Helene Skjeie , Hylland Ketil , Helberg Morten , Warner Nicholas , Bæk Kine , Reiertsen Tone Kristin , Ruus Anders
Published: July 2022

Herring gulls (Larus argentatus) are opportunistic feeders, resulting in contaminant exposure depending on area and habitat. We compared contaminant concentrations and dietary markers between two herring gull breeding colonies with different distances to extensive human activity and presumed contaminant exposure from the local marine diet. Furthermore, we investigated the integrity of DNA in white blood cells and sensitivity to oxidative stress. We analyzed blood from 15 herring gulls from each colony—the urban Oslofjord near the Norwegian capital Oslo in the temperate region and the remote Hornøya island in northern Norway, on the Barents Sea coast. Based on d13C and d34S, the dietary sources of urban gulls differed, with some individuals having a marine and others a more terrestrial dietary signal. All remote gulls had a marine dietary signal and higher relative trophic level than the urban marine feeding gulls. Concentrations (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) of most persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyl ethers (PCBs) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), were higher in urban marine (PCB153 17 ± 17 ng/g wet weight, PFOS 25 ± 21 ng/g wet wt) than urban terrestrial feeders (PCB153 3.7 ± 2.4 ng/g wet wt, PFOS 6.7 ± 10 ng/g wet wt). Despite feeding at a higher trophic level (d15N), the remote gulls (PCB153 17 ± 1221 ng/g wet wt, PFOS 19 ± 1421 ng/g wet wt) were similar to the urban marine feeders. Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes were detected in only a few gulls, except for decamethylcyclopentasiloxane in the urban colony, which was found in 12 of 13 gulls. Only hexachlorobenzene was present in higher concentrations in the remote (2.6 ± 0.42 ng/g wet wt) compared with the urban colony (0.34 ± 0.33 ng/g wet wt). Baseline and induced DNA damage (doublestreak breaks) was higher in urban than in remote gulls for both terrestrial and marine feeders. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2466–2478. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

Abstract

Generally higher pollution and DNA damage in urban breeding than remote breeding herring gulls, when adjusting to comparable trophic level. PCB = polychlorinated biphenyl ether; PBDE = polybrominated diphenyl ether; PFOS = perfluorooctane sulfonic acid; HCB = hexachlorobenzene.
Underwater sound speed profile parameters estimation in asynchronous network
Authors: Zandi Rahman , Dehghani Mohammad Javad , Kavoosi Vali
Published: July 2022

The technology of underwater wireless acoustic sensor networks (UWSNs) plays an important role in many commercial and military applications in underwater. In UWSNs, there exist many challenges posed by the specific characteristics of underwater acoustic channel, such as sound propagation speed is a function of depth with unknown parameters. Besides, time synchronization of anchor nodes is a crucial part of the applicable network. Time synchronization of anchor nodes as well as estimation of sound speed parameters considering an isogradient profile is explored here. While the previous efforts do not take into account these factors, this article assumes only one synchronized anchor node in the network and enables joint synchronization of the other anchor nodes and the estimation of the propagation delays between the anchor nodes using a weighted linear least square solution. Then, it uses the estimated propagation delays to estimate the unknown parameters of the sound speed profile using a conventional Gauss‐Newton algorithm with approximately three iterations to converge. Validation of the proposed method is done by the numerical simulations and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method we compare the results with Cramer‐Rao bound average.
Downregulating EVA1C exerts the potential to promote neuron growth after neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy injury associated with alternative splicing
Authors: Hu Yue , Rong Rong , Wang Yi , Yan Shan‐Shan , Liu Su , Wang Lei
Published: July 2022

Neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) is one of the major diseases in newborns during the perinatal stage, which globally is the main reason for children's morbidity and mortality. However, the mechanism of NHIE still remains poorly clear. In this study, the 7‐day‐old rats were subjected to hypoxic‐ischemia (HI), then brain damage was detected. Afterward, the expression of eva‐1 homolog C (EVA1C) was measured in vitro by establishing the oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) model in SHSY5Y cells and human fetal neurons. Subsequently, the potential function and mechanism of EVA1C were explored by silencing EVA1C and alternative splicing prediction. As a result, obvious neurobehavioral impairment and brain infarction were detected through Zea‐Longa score and TTC staining; meanwhile, neuron injury was tested by HE and Nissl staining post HI. Moreover, it was found that the expression of EVA1C was notably upregulated in SHSY5Y cells and human fetal neurons after OGD. In addition, cell survival and growth were increased after silencing EVA1C, which might be associated with alternative splicing. In conclusion, EVA1C interference exhibited potential in promoting neuron survival and growth, associated with exon skipping with the alternative splicing site in 34613318:34687258, which may provide the basis for the therapeutic target and mechanism research of NHIE.
Are we all on the same page? Subfield differences in open science practices in psychology
Authors: Rochios Christina , Richmond Jenny L.
Published: July 2022

Although open science has become a popular tool to combat the replication crisis, it is unclear whether the uptake of open science practices has been consistent across the field of psychology. In this study, we were particularly interested in whether claims that developmental psychology lags behind other subfields in adopting open science practices were valid. To test this, we determined whether data and material sharing differed as a function of psychological subfield at the distinguished journal, Psychological Science. The results showed that open data and open materials scores increased from 2014–2015 to 2019–2020. Of note, articles published in the field of developmental psychology generated lower open data and open materials scores than articles published in cognition; however, scores were similar to articles published in social psychology. Across Psychological Science articles, shared data and materials were seldom accompanied by documentation that is likely to make shared research objects useful. These findings are discussed in the context of the unique challenges faces by developmental psychologists and how journals can more effectively encourage authors to practice open science across psychology.
Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the downstream pathways protects CD4+ T cells against apoptosis and immune dysregulation in sepsis
Authors: Lu Gang , Li Qingqing , Liu Jianjun , Jia Yanan , Tang Jianguo , Zhang Xuemin
Published: July 2022

Immunosuppression mediated by CD4+ T cell apoptosis and dysfunction is a key factor in promoting the progression of sepsis. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress participates in the apoptosis and dysfunction of immune cells. We aimed to investigate the role of ER stress inhibition in CD4+ T cells in both in vitro and in vivo models of sepsis. In vitro model of sepsis was established with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the rat model of sepsis was established using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). After the LPS treatment or CLP, ER stress inhibitors including 4‐PBA, SNJ‐1945, and SP600125 were used to treat cells or rats, and the CD4+ T cells were obtained by magnetic bead sorting. The effects of ER stress inhibitors on apoptosis and the function of CD4+ T cells were evaluated. After the LPS stimulation or CLP, the levels of ER stress and downstream markers (PERK, eIF2α, IRE‐1α, ATF6, ATF4, XBP‐1 s, GRP78, CHOP, and p‐JNK) were increased in CD4+ T cells at the beginning of sepsis. Meanwhile, the number of apoptotic CD4+ T cells markedly increased. In addition, sepsis impaired the function of CD4+ T cells, manifested by the increased population of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg, as well as the production of TNF‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐4, and IL‐10. However, inhibitors of ER stress, JNK, and calpain all decreased the induction of Th1 and Th17, enhanced the increase of Th2 and Treg, decreased the production of TNF‐α and IL‐6, and enhanced the production of IL‐4 and IL‐10. Our findings indicate that ER stress inhibitors may play a protective role by reducing CD4+ T cell apoptosis and maintaining CD4+ T cell function, which may be useful for enhancing the immune function and poor prognosis of patients with sepsis.
Reevaluating the use of volatility factor in crop insurance premium rating
Authors: Bulut Harun , Fortenbery T. Randall
Published: July 2022

This article reevaluates the use of volatility factors in federal crop insurance rate setting. The analysis focuses on price risk for corn and soybeans over the period 1990–2021. The sensitivity of insurance premiums to changes in volatility is comparable to the sensitivity resulting from changes in crop prices. Risk Management Agency's (RMA) volatility factor is generally supported to be an unbiased and efficient estimator of the realized volatility, although this support is found to be marginal in the case of soybeans. The out‐of‐sample forecasting analysis indicates that RMA's current approach can be modified to better reflect price risk over the insurance period.
Implementation and evaluation of a standardized CMM practice management assessment tool in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: McFarland Michael Shawn , Boggie Daniel , Ourth Heather , Groppi Julie , Moore Tera , Stephens Carolyn , Morreale Anthony
Published: July 2022

Comprehensive medication management (CMM) is defined as the standard of care that ensures each patient's medications are individually assessed to determine that each medication is appropriate for the patient, effective for the medical condition, safe given any comorbidities and other medications being taken, and able to be taken by the patient as intended. The practice management component of CMM can be defined as “the structural and system level supports within a practice related to practice management and operations that enable the efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability of CMM services.” To date, there has been no consistent process in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) to evaluate CMM practice management standardization. This article will describe the VHA effort in development, implementation, and outcomes of a CMM practice optimization tool modified from an existing tool. A modified version of practice management assessment tool was developed to integrate and align with VHA clinical pharmacy practice and policy. The VHA CMM Practice Optimization and Evaluation Tool (POET) was developed to access CMM practice management in multiple practice areas and was deployed for assessment in all VHA facilities. From May 2021 to March 2022, 352 practice area evaluations were completed at 152 VHA facilities using POET. Total submission practice area detail was gathered from 245 Patient Aligned Care Team (primary care), 32 outpatient mental health, 29 acute care, 11 pain, 11 specialty ambulatory care, 8 geriatric community living centers (eg, long‐term care) or hospice, 6 home‐based primary care, 4 critical care, 4 emergency department, and 2 residential rehabilitation and treatment programs. This work evaluating the five essential core practice management domains of CMM using a standardized evaluation process revealed that the VHA could adapt a tool that yields immeasurable information for standardization of CMM provided by a clinical pharmacist.
Uncovering the hidden reactivity of benzyne/aryne precursors utilized under milder condition: Bonding and stability studies by EDA‐NOCV analyses
Authors: Gorantla Sai Manoj N. V. T. , Mondal Kartik Chandra
Published: July 2022

Arenes [C6H3R(TMS)(OTf); also called benzyne/aryne precursors] containing inter‐related leaving groups Me3Si (TMS) and CF3SO3(OTf) on the adjacent positions (1,2‐position) are generally converted to their corresponding aryne‐intermediates via the addition of fluoride anion (F−) and subsequent elimination of TMS and OTf groups. This reaction is believed to proceed via the formation of an anionic intermediate [C6H4(TMS‐F)(OTf)]−. The EDA‐NOCV analysis (EDA‐NOCV = energy decomposition analysis‐natural orbital for chemical valence) of over 35 such precursors of varied types have been reported to reveal bonding and stability of CArSi and COTf bonds. EDA‐NOCV showed that the nature of the CArSi bond of C6H3R(TMS)(OTf) can be expressed as both dative and electron sharing [CArSi, CAr→Si]. The CArOTf bond, on the other hand, can be described explicitly as dative [CAr←OTf]. The nature of CArSi bond of [C6H4(TMS‐F)(OTf)]− exclusively changes to covalent dative σ‐bond CAr→S(Me)3F on the attachment of F− to the TMS group of C6H4(TMS)(OTf). Introduction of σ‐electron withdrawing group (like OMe, NMe2, and NO2) to the ortho‐position of the TMS group of functionalized arynes C6H3R(TMS)(OTf) prefer to have a covalent dative σ‐bond (CAr→Si) over an electron‐sharing covalent σ‐bond (CArSi). If this σ‐electron withdrawing group is shifted from ortho‐position to meta‐ and para‐positions, then the preference for a dative bond decreases significantly, implying that the electronic effect on the nature of chemical bonds affects through bond paths. This effect dies with distance, similar to the well‐known inductive effect.
Sensitivity of seasonal air temperature and precipitation, and onset of snowmelt, to Arctic Dipole modes across the Taiga Plains, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Persaud Bhaleka D. , Chasmer Laura E. , Quinton William L. , Wolfe Brent B. , English Michael C.
Published: July 2022

Northern high latitudes are experiencing some of the greatest increases in air temperatures on Earth. Air temperatures (along with other modulating variables including precipitation and the onset of snowmelt) are influenced by atmospheric–oceanic circulation patterns, some of which are persistent and recurrent. One pattern in particular, the Arctic Dipole (AD) anomaly, is a persistent sea‐level pressure teleconnection pattern between the Canadian Archipelago and Barents Sea that has unknown impacts on local climate variability. These patterns may be important, especially in hydro‐ecologically sensitive areas such as Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada where permafrost thaw and ecosystem changes are influenced by interannual climate variability. The goal of this research is to determine the impacts of the AD on local climate (air temperature, precipitation, snowmelt) for a 66‐year period (1950–2015) spanning both latitudinal and longitudinal gradients across NWT from north to south and foothills to plains. Deviations during strong positive and negative modes of the AD index were calculated in reference to the complete 66‐year record. Results showed considerable year‐to‐year variability in the AD pattern, with more frequent strong negative modes during the 2000s. During 1950–2015, there were 64 and 56 occurrences of strong positive and strong negative AD modes, respectively, across all seasons. Spring and summer strong AD modes led to local air temperature anomalies of greater than 0.8°C compared with the long‐term (66 years) mean. Earlier onset of snowmelt, by an average of 3–5 days, was also noted during positive AD modes. Despite strong connectivity between the AD and local air temperature, we found less correspondence between the AD and seasonal precipitation. These findings improve understanding of the impacts of the AD on local weather and climate in NWT and suggest implications for ecosystem change, such as drying and shrubification of northern boreal peatlands and possible connectivity to teleconnection impacts on wildland fire.
Comparative characterization of sugar beet fibers to sugar beet pectin and octenyl succinic anhydride modified maltodextrin in aqueous solutions using viscometry, conductometry, tensiometry and component analysis
Authors: Maravić Nikola , Šereš Zita , Krstonošić Veljko , Dokić Petar , Teslić Nemanja , Dokić Ljubica
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Knowledge about specific functional characteristics, such as viscosimetric, conductometric, tensiometric and structural properties of polysaccharide aqueous solutions is highly important in the successful and adequate application in food emulsion formulation. For the first time detailed characterization of sugar beet fibers aqueous solutions in comparison to high molecular weight (sugar beet pectin) and low molecular weight [octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) maltodextrin] hydrocolloids/stabilizers was performed through viscometry, conductometry, tensiometry and component analysis.

RESULTS

Sugar beet fibers and its water‐soluble fraction were investigated. All sugar beet fiber samples showed substantial surface‐active properties but different effect on the viscosity values of aqueous solutions. Sugar beet pectin had higher impact on aqueous solutions viscosity values compared to sugar beet fiber samples. Structural bonding between investigated polysaccharides were evaluated through conductometric measurements. Intermolecular linking and probable embedding of OSA maltodextrin molecules into the sugar beet fiber complex structure was detected in conductometric studies. The increased concentration of sugar beet fibers in the presence of sugar beet pectin led to the accelerated increase in specific conductivity values indicating effects of ‘macromolecular crowding’, intermolecular and intramolecular conformation changes and charge formation.

CONCLUSIONS

Detailed characterization of sugar beet fibers provided scientific insight towards fundamental characteristics of sugar beet fiber aqueous solutions. The presented characteristics are particularly applicable in the field of food emulsion stabilization due to the presented surface‐active properties of sugar beet fibers as well as specific characteristics of investigated multi‐polysaccharide systems. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
One‐parameter families of Legendre curves and plane line congruences
Authors: Kabata Yutaro , Takahashi Masatomo
Published: July 2022

Families of curves in the Euclidean plane naturally contain singular curves, where the frame of classical differential geometry does not work well. We introduce the notions of one‐parameter family of Legendre curves in the Euclidean plane, congruent equivalence and curvature. Especially, a one‐parameter family of Legendre curves can contain singular curves, and is determined by the curvature up to congruence. We also give properties of one‐parameter families of Legendre curves. As applications, we give a relation between one‐parameter families of Legendre curves and Legendre surfaces. Moreover, we study plane line congruences (one‐parameter families of lines in plane) in terms of the curvatures as one‐parameter families of Legendre curves.
Large time behavior of classical solutions to a fractional attraction–repulsion Keller–Segel system in the whole space
Authors: Yao Lili , Jiang Kerui , Liu Zuhan
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we study the full parabolic attraction–repulsion Keller–Segel model with a fractional diffusion in
for
or 3. We are more interested in the question that whether the solutions exist globally or blow up in finite time, which was studied in the classical attraction‐repulsion Keller‐Segel model by Jin and Wang (J. Differential Equations, 2016) through constructing a suitable energy functional. However, for the fractional attraction–repulsion Keller–Segel model, it is challenging to find a similar energy functional to study the existence of the solutions. In the present paper, under the condition of
, we introduce the
‐
estimates of the fractional derivative modulus of the solution to carry out the first step of the problem. Armed with a priori estimate, it is sufficient for us to obtain the global existence of the solutions by the Moser–Alikakos iterative method and finally arrive at the decay estimates of the solutions.
Active multitask learning with uncertainty‐weighted loss for coronary calcium scoring
Authors: Föllmer Bernhard , Biavati Federico , Wald Christian , Stober Sebastian , Ma Jackie , Dewey Marc , Samek Wojciech
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The coronary artery calcification (CAC) score is an independent marker for the risk of cardiovascular events. Automatic methods for quantifying CAC could reduce workload and assist radiologists in clinical decision‐making. However, large annotated datasets are needed for training to achieve very good model performance, which is an expensive process and requires expert knowledge. The number of training data required can be reduced in an active learning scenario, which requires only the most informative samples to be labeled. Multitask learning techniques can improve model performance by joint learning of multiple related tasks and extraction of shared informative features.

Methods

We propose an uncertainty‐weighted multitask learning model for coronary calcium scoring in electrocardiogram‐gated (ECG‐gated), noncontrast‐enhanced cardiac calcium scoring CT. The model was trained to solve the two tasks of coronary artery region segmentation (weak labels) and coronary artery calcification segmentation (strong labels) simultaneously in an active learning scenario to improve model performance and reduce the number of samples needed for training. We compared our model with a single‐task U‐Net and a sequential‐task model as well as other state‐of‐the‐art methods. The model was evaluated on 1275 individual patients in three different datasets (DISCHARGE, CADMAN, orCaScore), and the relationship between model performance and various influencing factors (image noise, metal artifacts, motion artifacts, image quality) was analyzed.

Results

Joint learning of multiclass coronary artery region segmentation and binary coronary calcium segmentation improved calcium scoring performance. Since shared information can be learned from both tasks for complementary purposes, the model reached optimal performance with only 12% of the training data and one‐third of the labeling time in an active learning scenario. We identified image noise as one of the most important factors influencing model performance along with anatomical abnormalities and metal artifacts.

Conclusions

Our multitask learning approach with uncertainty‐weighted loss improves calcium scoring performance by joint learning of shared features and reduces labeling costs when trained in an active learning scenario.
EETTlib—Energy‐efficient train timetabling library
Authors: Bärmann Andreas , Gemander Patrick , Hager Lukas , Nöth Frederik , Schneider Oskar
Published: July 2022

We introduce EETTlib, an instance library for the Energy‐Efficient Train Timetabling problem. The task in this problem is to adjust a given timetable draft such that the energy consumption of the resulting railway traffic is minimized. To this end, the departure times of the trains can be slightly, and their velocity profiles on each trip can be modified. We provide real‐world data originating from two research projects in this field, one with Deutsche Bahn AG, the most important railway company in Germany, the other with VAG Verkehrs‐Aktiengesellschaft, the operator of public transport in the city of Nürnberg, Germany. In both cases, our library contains representative data on the relevant operational constraints and supports various possible choices for the objective function with respect to energy‐efficiency. The resulting benchmark instances can be used by the scheduling and timetabling community to improve their models and algorithms. They are available under https://www.eettlib.fau.de.
Sparse feedback stabilization in high‐order linear systems
Authors: Tang Anping , Hu Guang‐Da , Cong Yuhao
Published: July 2022

We consider the column sparsity of the feedback stabilization gain matrix in high‐order linear systems. By means of a special matrix norm and the state transition matrix quadratic cost function (SQF) of the systems, the sparse feedback stabilization controller design problem is formulated as a regularized SQF optimization problem. We further derive the proximal mapping of the special matrix norm, and then based on the gradient descent of the SQF part of the objective function, the proximal gradient method is introduced to develop an algorithm for solving the non‐smooth optimization problem. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The effect of flaxseed oil consumtion on blood pressure among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Mahmudiono Trias , Jasim Saade Abdalkareem , Karim Yasir Salam , Bokov Dmitry Olegovich , Abdelbasset Walid Kamal , Akhmedov Kholmurod S. , Yasin Ghulam , Thangavelu Lakshmi , Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Shoukat Shehla , Najm Mazin A.A. , Amraei Mohammad
Published: July 2022

We systematically reviewed randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to elucidate the overall effects of flaxseed oil consumption on blood pressure (BP) in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ISI Web of Science databases were systematically searched until March 31, 2020, to find RCTs that examined the effect of flaxseed oil consumption on BP. Weighed mean difference (WMD) was pooled using a random‐effects model. Standard methods were used for the assessment of heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias. Meta‐analysis of five trials (6 arms) showed significant reductions in systolic (WMD: −3.86 mmHg, 95% CI: −7.59 to −0.13, p = .04) BP (SBP) after flaxseed oil consumption. However, the overall effect illustrated no significant change in diastolic (WMD: −1.71 mmHg, 95% CI: −3.67 to 0.26, p = .09) BP (DBP) in the intervention group compared with the control group. Our findings revealed that flaxseed oil consumption has favorable effects on SBP in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders. However, further investigations are needed to provide more reliable evidence.
Finite‐time consensus for second‐order leader‐following multi‐agent systems with external disturbances and internal nonlinear dynamics based on event‐triggered pinning strategy
Authors: Luo Yiping , Gao Xitong , Cao Jinde , Kashkynbayev Ardak
Published: July 2022

The finite‐time consensus problem for leader‐following systems was evaluated under external disturbances and internal nonlinear dynamics. A model with nonlinear dynamics and external disturbances was proposed to make the systems more realistic. The event‐triggered pinning control strategy was used in second‐order multiagent systems to address the problem of the agents' continuous communication. A new event‐triggered control function was designed, and a finite‐time controller was constructed using an integral sliding‐mode algorithm. The systems can be proven to achieve consensus in the expected convergence time, which can be obtained using finite‐time and Lyapunov stability theories. Moreover, the Zeno behavior can be proven to avoid event‐triggered controllers. Finally, a numerical example was presented to illustrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the theoretical analysis.
Word Knowledge Instruction: We Can Walk and Chew Gum at the Same Time
Authors: Ganske Kathy , Heller Mia C.
Published: July 2022

Although development of young children’s vocabulary knowledge is critical for their literacy, it often is neglected in classrooms, especially those pressed for time. In this article we explore a literacy coach’s implementation of SAIL (Survey, Analyze, Interpret, Link), an instructional framework that integrates academic vocabulary (AV) development with development of children’s orthographic knowledge during small‐group word‐study instruction. We also examine the teacher’s talk moves and their relationship to students’ learning of AV. The context is a pullout intervention with kindergarten and first‐grade children in a lower‐performing school. We identified five, teacher talk moves that characterize the AV instruction and describe them through transcript excerpts. Children demonstrated significant growth in orthographic knowledge and in learning taught AV. Our discoveries provide support for integration of these two areas. Integration provided a meaningful context for AV learning and opportunity for more efficient teaching, without detriment to learning in either area.
First and Second Conversations: Remote Learning and Interpretive Boundaries
Authors: Hassenfeld Ziva R. , Bogard Geraldine , Fenwick Natalie , Stanhill Hadassah , Troper‐Hochstein Gavriella
Published: July 2022

This article examines the nature of student‐to‐student text discussion in a dialogically organized remote classroom. Conducted as teacher research, I investigated student talk in a PreK‐1st grade biblical literature class. In the fall of 2020, I taught a biblical literature class to a fully remote PreK‐1st grade cohort in a Jewish independent school on the East Coast. Four undergraduate research assistants from the SCRoLL education lab helped with ongoing data analysis. Through self‐study of my teaching and classroom, I discovered the ways that the remote setting shaped intensive text discussion, facilitating students' comfort stepping into their own interpretive authority and moving past the classroom fixture of teacher as interpretive authority. In the remote classroom, the students comfortably moved between the first conversation, the meaning of the text, and the second conversation, competing conventions for determining the meaning of the text. I conclude with suggestions for how teachers interested in dialogically organized classrooms can carry the assets of the remote classroom forward.
The Evolution of Data Spaces
Authors: Otto Boris
Published: July 2022

The role data plays in enterprises is changing as the digital transformation in many sectors gains speed. New business opportunities through data-driven innovation emerge from data sharing in ecosystems. In ecosystems, the interest of the individual must be brought into alignment with the interest of the ecosystem. Trust between participants, data interoperability, and data sovereignty are key requirements which can be met by data spaces. Data spaces are a distributed data integration concept which is taken up by consortia aiming at supporting ecosystem. GAIA-X and IDS specify reference architectures for distributed data infrastructures and data spaces, respectively. While the benefits of data spaces for a fair data economy are recognized by business and policy makers, a deeper understanding is required about the design and evolution of data spaces. This chapter introduces fundamental concepts, identifies design tasks and options, and, thus, provides guidance for the establishment of data spaces.
Blockchain Technology and International Data Spaces
Authors: Prinz Wolfgang , Rose Thomas , Urbach Nils
Published: July 2022

The core objective of the concept of International Data Spaces (IDS) is to enable controlled exchange and sharing of data between organizations, regardless of the type of data. Sharing of data will generate services that become an asset while data providers maintain their sovereignty. IDS furnish a technology enabler for implementing data economies to exchange data and knowledge, which are according to usage policies. Thus, data turns into an economic asset. However, once data have been provided toward IDS, sovereignty of data owners is of pivotal importance, as well as the question of its use and the transfer of incentives to providers. At this point, blockchain technology enters the ballpark. It is instrumental for the implementation and operation of clearing houses as trading platform for data provision and knowledge utilization. The aim of this chapter is to examine and discuss the role of blockchain for IDS. Next to general blockchain foundations and potentials, blockchain’s specific potential for IDS is discussed and its application is demonstrated by four compelling use cases.
Federated Data Integration in Data Spaces
Authors: Jarke Matthias , Quix Christoph
Published: July 2022

Data Spaces form a network for sovereign data sharing. In this chapter, we explore the implications that the IDS reference architecture will have on typical scenarios of federated data integration and question answering processes. After a classification of data integration scenarios and their special requirements, we first present a workflow-based solution for integrated data materialization that has been used in several IDS use cases. We then discuss some limitations of such approaches and propose an additional approach based on logic formalisms and machine learning methods that promise to reduce data traffic, security, and privacy risks while helping users to select more meaningful data sources.
How to Build, Run, and Govern Data Spaces
Authors: Nagel Lars , Lycklama Douwe
Published: July 2022

This chapter is a result of a collaborative effort between data space and industrial domain experts to define cross-sectoral and across initiatives fundamental design principles to build data spaces. A joint paper of this dimension is unique and a great step with regard to the convergence of the large initiatives on data sharing in Europe. The starting point is the implementation in five years of the vision defined by EU Strategy for Data. In that world multiple data spaces will have been widely adopted across Europe, organizations and individuals will have control over their data and a digital world with less dominance of, and dependency on, large, quasi-monopolistic players has been formed. In the following, the way forward is elaborated with fundamentals of data spaces as well as common building blocks describing how the design principles for all sectors are applied to reveal sector-specific benefit. Furthermore, a proposal for governance and business models for data spaces on a collaborative and individual level is presented. Finally, the roadmap for co-creating the soft infrastructure underlying European data spaces is drawn.
Data Platform Solutions
Authors: Tocco Fabrice , Lafaye Laurent
Published: July 2022

Private and public organizations hoard troves of data yet remain unable to unlock its full business potential. Data exchange platforms powered by adapted technology and driven by data exchange strategies act as catalysts to develop data ecosystems and data spaces, accelerate data circulation, and liberate its value.

Data spaces are powerful business, innovation, and societal enablers, whose growth and success rely on their ability to foster and develop trust.

Data exchange platforms contribute a lot to building trust as they provide the required tools and automation to data acquirers, data providers, and data exchange services providers to operate at scale within secure and compliant environments.

New and upcoming European regulatory frameworks also contribute to raising trust as they foster a harmonized data ecosystem across member states and define the rules of engagement between businesses, governments, and individuals engaged in data sharing and exchange.

Additionally, data exchange environments must provide traceability at all levels of the data transactions, which is particularly needed in increasingly complex data ecosystems.

Finally, in order to provide the flexibility required to answer the needs of complex, distributed, and heterogeneous environments, different models of data exchange governance are necessary.