bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapidly declining costs of truck batteries and fuel cells enable large-scale road freight electrification
Authors: Link Steffen , Stephan Annegret , Speth Daniel , Plötz Patrick
Published: May 2024

Low-carbon road freight transport is pivotal in mitigating global warming. Nonetheless, electrifying heavy-duty vehicles poses a tremendous challenge due to high technical requirements and cost competitiveness. Data on future truck costs are scarce and uncertain, complicating assessments of the future role of zero-emission truck (ZET) technologies. Here we derive most likely cost developments for price setting ZET components by meta forecasting from more than 200 original sources. We find that costs are primed to decline much faster than expected, with significant differences between scientific and near-market estimates. Specifically, battery system costs could drop by 64% to 75% and fall below €150 kWh−1 by no later than 2035, whereas fuel cell system costs may exhibit even higher cost reductions but are unlikely to reach €100 kW−1 before the early 2040s. This fast cost decline supports an optimistic view on the ZET market diffusion and has substantial implications for future energy and transport systems.
ReMIND: The Brain Resection Multimodal Imaging Database
Authors: Juvekar Parikshit , Dorent Reuben , Kögl Fryderyk , Torio Erickson , Barr Colton , Rigolo Laura , Galvin Colin , Jowkar Nick , Kazi Anees , Haouchine Nazim , Cheema Harneet , Navab Nassir , Pieper Steve , Wells William M. , Bi Wenya Linda , Golby Alexandra , Frisken Sarah , Kapur Tina
Published: May 2024

The standard of care for brain tumors is maximal safe surgical resection. Neuronavigation augments the surgeon’s ability to achieve this but loses validity as surgery progresses due to brain shift. Moreover, gliomas are often indistinguishable from surrounding healthy brain tissue. Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) and ultrasound (iUS) help visualize the tumor and brain shift. iUS is faster and easier to incorporate into surgical workflows but offers a lower contrast between tumorous and healthy tissues than iMRI. With the success of data-hungry Artificial Intelligence algorithms in medical image analysis, the benefits of sharing well-curated data cannot be overstated. To this end, we provide the largest publicly available MRI and iUS database of surgically treated brain tumors, including gliomas (n = 92), metastases (n = 11), and others (n = 11). This collection contains 369 preoperative MRI series, 320 3D iUS series, 301 iMRI series, and 356 segmentations collected from 114 consecutive patients at a single institution. This database is expected to help brain shift and image analysis research and neurosurgical training in interpreting iUS and iMRI.
Analysis of AlphaMissense data in different protein groups and structural context
Authors: Tordai Hedvig , Torres Odalys , Csepi Máté , Padányi Rita , Lukács Gergely L. , Hegedűs Tamás
Published: May 2024

Single amino acid substitutions can profoundly affect protein folding, dynamics, and function. The ability to discern between benign and pathogenic substitutions is pivotal for therapeutic interventions and research directions. Given the limitations in experimental examination of these variants, AlphaMissense has emerged as a promising predictor of the pathogenicity of missense variants. Since heterogenous performance on different types of proteins can be expected, we assessed the efficacy of AlphaMissense across several protein groups (e.g. soluble, transmembrane, and mitochondrial proteins) and regions (e.g. intramembrane, membrane interacting, and high confidence AlphaFold segments) using ClinVar data for validation. Our comprehensive evaluation showed that AlphaMissense delivers outstanding performance, with MCC scores predominantly between 0.6 and 0.74. We observed low performance on disordered datasets and ClinVar data related to the CFTR ABC protein. However, a superior performance was shown when benchmarked against the high quality CFTR2 database. Our results with CFTR emphasizes AlphaMissense’s potential in pinpointing functional hot spots, with its performance likely surpassing benchmarks calculated from ClinVar and ProteinGym datasets.
Reducing delivery insurance costs through risk score model for food delivery company
Authors: Panham Diogo Silva , Louzada Francisco , Ramos Pedro L.
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we propose a novel pricing model for delivery insurance in a food delivery company in Latin America, with the aim of reducing the high costs associated with the premium paid to the insurer. To achieve this goal, a thorough analysis was conducted to estimate the probability of losses based on delivery routes, transportation modes, and delivery drivers’ profiles. A large amount of data was collected and used as a database, and various statistical models and machine learning techniques were employed to construct a comprehensive risk profile and perform risk classification. Based on the risk classification and the estimated probability associated with it, a new pricing model for delivery insurance was developed using advanced mathematical algorithms and machine learning techniques. This new pricing model took into account the pattern of loss occurrence and high and low-risk behaviors, resulting in a significant reduction of insurance costs for both the contracting company and the insurer. The proposed pricing model also allowed for greater flexibility in insurance contracting, making it more accessible and appealing to delivery drivers. The use of estimated loss probabilities and a risk score for the pricing of delivery insurance proved to be a highly effective and efficient alternative for reducing the high costs associated with insurance, while also improving the profitability and competitiveness of the food delivery company in Latin America.
Establishment, characterization, and genetic profiling of patient-derived osteosarcoma cells from a patient with retinoblastoma
Authors: Thongkumkoon Patcharawadee , Sangphukieo Apiwat , Tongjai Siripong , Noisagul Pitiporn , Sangkhathat Surasak , Laochareonsuk Wison , Kamolphiwong Rawikant , Budprom Piyaporn , Teeyakasem Pimpisa , Yongpitakwattana Petlada , Thepbundit Viraporn , Sirikaew Nutnicha , Klangjorhor Jeerawan , Settakorn Jongkolnee , Moonmuang Sutpirat , Suksakit Pathacha , Pasena Arnat , Chaijaruwanich Jeerayut , Yathongkhum Wilawan , Dissook Sivamoke , Pruksakorn Dumnoensun , Chaiyawat Parunya
Published: May 2024

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone cancer in pediatric patients. Patients who respond poorly to chemotherapy experience worse clinical outcomes with a high mortality rate. The major challenge is the lack of effective drugs for these patients. To introduce new drugs for clinical approval, preclinical studies based on in vitro models must demonstrate the potency of the tested drugs, enabling the drugs to enter phase 1 clinical trials. Patient-derived cell culture is a promising testing platform for in vitro studies, as they more accurately recapitulate cancer states and genetic profiles compared to cell lines. In the present study, we established patient-derived osteosarcoma cells (PDC) from a patient who had previously been diagnosed with retinoblastoma. We identified a new variant of a germline mutation in the RB1 gene in the tissue of the patient. The biological effects of this PDC were studied to observe whether the cryopreserved PDC retained a feature of fresh PDC. The cryopreserved PDC preserved the key biological effects, including cell growth, invasive capability, migration, and mineralization, that define the conserved phenotypes compared to fresh PDC. From whole genome sequencing analysis of osteosarcoma tissue and patient-derived cells, we found that cryopreserved PDC was a minor population in the origin tissue and was selectively grown under the culture conditions. The cryopreserved PDC has a high resistance to conventional chemotherapy. This study demonstrated that the established cryopreserved PDC has the aggressive characteristics of osteosarcoma, in particular the chemoresistance phenotype that might be used for further investigation in the chemoresistant mechanism of osteosarcoma. In conclusion, the approach we applied for primary cell culture might be a promising method to generate in vitro models for functional testing of osteosarcoma.
Measles second dose vaccine uptake and its associated factors among children aged 24–35 months in Northwest Ethiopia, 2022
Authors: Taffie Worku , Temesgen Habtamu , Ashebir Wassachew , Mekonen Habitamu
Published: May 2024

Measles is a major public health problem in under-five children, leading to lifelong complications. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the magnitude of measles second-dose vaccine uptake and its determinants among children aged 24–35 months in Northwest Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 418 children aged 24–35 months in Northwest Ethiopia between January 2022 and February 2022. A simple random sampling technique was used to access study subjects. A binary logistic regression model was employed. An adjusted odd ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a p-value < 0.05 was used to declare significant predictors of measles second dose vaccine uptake. The magnitude of the measles second dose vaccine uptake among children aged 24–35 months was 41.39%. Postnatal care visits (AOR: 4.78, CI 1.49, 15.34), child vaccination status of other scheduled vaccines (AOR: 3.88, CI 2.23, 6.73), awareness of the measles second dose vaccine and its schedule (AOR: 8.924, CI 5.27, 15.09), and distance from the vaccination center (AOR: 0.21, CI 0.06, 0.77) were significantly associated with measles second dose vaccine uptake. The uptake of measles second dose vaccine in the study area was low. Therefore, health workers and other partners should initiate awareness creation programs for mothers/caretaker to improve the uptake of measles second dose vaccine.
Robust detection and refinement of saliency identification
Authors: Makram Abram W. , Salem Nancy M. , El-Wakad Mohamed T. , Al-Atabany Walid
Published: May 2024

Salient object detection is an increasingly popular topic in the computer vision field, particularly for images with complex backgrounds and diverse object parts. Background information is an essential factor in detecting salient objects. This paper suggests a robust and effective methodology for salient object detection. This method involves two main stages. The first stage is to produce a saliency detection map based on the dense and sparse reconstruction of image regions using a refined background dictionary. The refined background dictionary uses a boundary conductivity measurement to exclude salient object regions near the image's boundary from a background dictionary. In the second stage, the CascadePSP network is integrated to refine and correct the local boundaries of the saliency mask to highlight saliency objects more uniformly. Using six evaluation indexes, experimental outcomes conducted on three datasets show that the proposed approach performs effectively compared to the state-of-the-art methods in salient object detection, particularly in identifying the challenging salient objects located near the image's boundary. These results demonstrate the potential of the proposed framework for various computer vision applications.
Cumulative costs of severe traffic injuries in Finland: a 2-year retrospective observational study of 252 patients
Authors: Riuttanen Antti , Karjalainen Erkka , Jokihaara Jarkko , Huttunen Tuomas T. , Mattila Ville M.
Published: May 2024

Road traffic injuries cause considerable financial strain on health care systems worldwide. We retrospectively analyzed injury-related costs of 252 severely injured (New Injury Severity Score, NISS ≥ 16) patients treated at Tampere University Hospital (TAUH) between 2013 and 2017, with 2-year follow-up. The costs were divided into direct treatment, indirect costs, and other costs. We analyzed various injury- and patient-related factors with costs. The total costs during the 2-year study period were 20 million euros. Median cost was 41,202 euros (Q1 23,409 euros, Q3 97,726 euros), ranging from 2,753 euros to 549,787 euros. The majority of costs (69.1%) were direct treatment costs, followed by indirect costs (28.4%). Other costs were small (5.4%). Treatment costs increased with the severity of the injury or when the injury affected the lower extremities or the face. Indirect costs were higher in working age patients and in patients with a higher level of education. The relative proportions of direct and indirect costs were constant regardless of the amount of the total costs. The largest share of costs was caused by a relatively small proportion of high-cost patients during the 1st year after injury. Combined, this makes planning of resource use challenging and calls for further studies to further identify factors for highest costs.
Design of a sustainable system for wastewater treatment and generation of biofuels based on the biomass of the aquatic plant Eichhornia Crassipes
Authors: Sayago Uriel Fernando Carreño , Gómez-Caicedo Melva Inés , Mercado Suárez Álvaro Luis
Published: May 2024

Colombia’s continuous contamination of water resources and the low alternatives to produce biofuels have affected the fulfillment of the objectives of sustainable development, deteriorating the environment and affecting the economic productivity of this country. Due to this reality, projects on environmental and economic sustainability, phytoremediation, and the production of biofuels such as ethanol and hydrogen were combined. The objective of this article was to design and develop a sustainable system for wastewater treatment and the generation of biofuels based on the biomass of the aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes. A system that simulates an artificial wetland with live E. crassipes plants was designed and developed, removing organic matter contaminants; subsequently, and continuing the sustainability project, bioreactors were designed, adapted, and started up to produce bioethanol and biohydrogen with the hydrolyzed biomass used in the phytoremediation process, generating around 12 g/L of bioethanol and around 81 ml H2/g. The proposed research strategy suggests combining two sustainable methods, bioremediation and biofuel production, to preserve the natural beauty of water systems and their surroundings.
Stretchable electronic strips for electronic textiles enabled by 3D helical structure
Authors: Stanley Jessica , Kunovski Phil , Hunt John A. , Wei Yang
Published: May 2024

The development of stretchable electronic devices is a critical area of research for wearable electronics, particularly electronic textiles (e-textiles), where electronic devices embedded in clothing need to stretch and bend with the body. While stretchable electronics technologies exist, none have been widely adopted. This work presents a novel and potentially transformative approach to stretchable electronics using a ubiquitous structure: the helix. A strip of flexible circuitry (‘e-strip’) is twisted to form a helical ribbon, transforming it from flexible to stretchable. A stretchable core—in this case rubber cord—supports the structure, preventing damage from buckling. Existing helical electronics have only extended to stretchable interconnects between circuit modules, and individual components such as printed helical transistors. Fully stretchable circuits have, until now, only been produced in planar form: flat circuits, either using curved geometry to enable them to stretch, or using inherently stretchable elastomer substrates. Helical e-strips can bend along multiple axes, and repeatedly stretch between 30 and 50%, depending on core material and diameter. LED and temperature sensing helical e-strips are demonstrated, along with design rules for helical e-strip fabrication. Widely available materials and standard fabrication processes were prioritized to maximize scalability and accessibility.
Comparative transcriptomic and physiological analyses unravel wheat source root adaptation to phosphorous deficiency
Authors: Luo Daozhen , Usman Muhammad , Pang Fei , Zhang Wenjie , Qin Ying , Li Qing , Li Yangrui , Xing Yongxiu , Dong Dengfeng
Published: May 2024

Phosphorus (P) is a crucial macronutrient for plant growth and development. Basic metabolic processes regulate growth; however, the molecular detail of these pathways under low phosphorous (LP) in wheat is still unclear. This study aims to elucidate the varied regulatory pathways responses to LP stress in wheat genotypes. Phenotypic, physiological, and transcriptome analyses were conducted on Fielder (P efficient) and Ardito (P inefficient) wheat genotypes after four days of normal phosphorous (NP) and LP stress. In response to LP, Fielder outperformed Ardito, displaying higher chlorophyll content-SPAD values (13%), plant height (45%), stem diameter (12%), shoot dry weight (42%), and root biomass (75%). Root structure analysis revealed that Fielder had greater total root length (50%), surface area (56%), volume (15%), and diameter (4%) than Ardito under LP. These findings highlight Fielder’s superior performance and adaptation to LP stress. Transcriptome analysis of wheat genotype roots identified 3029 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Fielder and 1430 in Ardito, highlighting LP-induced changes. Key DEGs include acid phosphatases (PAPs), phosphate transporters (PHT1 and PHO1), SPX, and transcription factors (MYB, bHLH, and WRKY). KEGG enrichment analysis revealed key pathways like plant hormones signal transduction, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and carbohydrate biosynthesis metabolism. This study unveils crucial genes and the intricate regulatory process in wheat’s response to LP stress, offering genetic insights for enhancing plant P utilization efficiency.
FT-Raman and FTIR spectroscopy as a tools showing marker of platinum-resistant phenomena in women suffering from ovarian cancer
Authors: Kluz-Barłowska Marta , Kluz Tomasz , Paja Wiesław , Pancerz Krzysztof , Łączyńska-Madera Monika , Miziak Paulina , Cebulski Jozef , Depciuch Joanna
Published: May 2024

Platinum-resistant phenomena in ovarian cancer is very dangerous for women suffering from this disease, because reduces the chances of complete recovery. Unfortunately, until now there are no methods to verify whether a woman with ovarian cancer is platinum-resistant. Importantly, histopathology images also were not shown differences in the ovarian cancer between platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive tissues. Therefore, in this study, Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) and FT-Raman spectroscopy techniques were used to find chemical differences between platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer tissues. Furthermore, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and machine learning methods were performed to show if it possible to differentiate these two kind of tissues as well as to propose spectroscopy marker of platinum-resistant. Indeed, obtained results showed, that in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer tissues higher amount of phospholipids, proteins and lipids were visible, however when the ratio between intensities of peaks at 1637 cm−1 (FTIR) and at 2944 cm−1 (Raman) and every peaks in spectra was calculated, difference between groups of samples were not noticed. Moreover, structural changes visible as a shift of peaks were noticed for C–O–C, C–H bending and amide II bonds. PCA clearly showed, that PC1 can be used to differentiate platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer tissues, while two-trace two-dimensional correlation spectra (2T2D-COS) showed, that only in amide II, amide I and asymmetric CH lipids vibrations correlation between two analyzed types of tissues were noticed. Finally, machine learning algorithms showed, that values of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were near to 100% for FTIR and around 95% for FT-Raman spectroscopy. Using decision tree peaks at 1777 cm−1, 2974 cm−1 (FTIR) and 1714 cm−1, 2817 cm−1 (FT-Raman) were proposed as spectroscopy marker of platinum-resistant.
p62/sequestosome-1 as a severity-reflecting plasma biomarker in Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A
Authors: Yoon Byeol-A , Kim Young Hee , Nam Soo Hyun , Lee Hye-Jin , Oh Seong-il , Kim Namhee , Kim Kyeong-Hee , Jo Young Rae , Kim Jong Kuk , Choi Byung-Ok , Park Hwan Tae
Published: May 2024

Autophagy is a self-degradation system for recycling to maintain homeostasis. p62/sequestosome-1 (p62) is an autophagy receptor that accumulates in neuroglia in neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the elevation of plasma p62 protein levels in patients with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease 1A (CMT1A) for its clinical usefulness to assess disease severity. We collected blood samples from 69 CMT1A patients and 59 healthy controls. Plasma concentrations of p62 were analyzed by ELISA, and we compared them with Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy score version 2 (CMTNSv2). A mouse CMT1A model (C22) was employed to determine the source and mechanism of plasma p62 elevation. Plasma p62 was detected in healthy controls with median value of 1978 pg/ml, and the levels were significantly higher in CMT1A (2465 pg/ml, p < 0.001). The elevated plasma p62 levels were correlated with CMTNSv2 (r = 0.621, p < 0.0001), motor nerve conduction velocity (r =  − 0.490, p < 0.0001) and disease duration (r = 0.364, p < 0.01). In C22 model, increased p62 expression was observed not only in pathologic Schwann cells but also in plasma. Our findings indicate that plasma p62 measurement could be a valuable tool for evaluating CMT1A severity and Schwann cell pathology.
Weight change in the first 30 days among infants born less than 2000 grams in Guinea-Bissau and Uganda
Authors: Co Raimundo , Nankabirwa Victoria , Bale Carlito , de Sa Augusto Braima , Martin-Herz Susanne P. , Blair Emily , Pollack Lance , Laleau Victoria , Flaherman Valerie , Ginsburg Amy Sarah
Published: May 2024

Despite the high prevalence of low birth weight infants in sub-Saharan Africa and the associated poor outcomes, weight change during the newborn period has not been well characterized for this population. We prospectively assessed growth over the first 30 days among 120 infants born < 2000 g (g) in Guinea‐Bissau and Uganda, and compared it to a similar cohort of 420 infants born ≥ 2000 g. Among those born < 2000 g, mean birth weight was 1747 ± 164 g, and initial weight loss was 8.25 ± 4.40% of birth weight prior to the initiation of weight gain at a median of 3 (interquartile range 2, 4) days of age. This initial weight loss was more pronounced (8.25 vs 6.06%; p < 0.001) and lasted longer (median 3 vs 2 days; p < 0.001) than for infants born ≥ 2000 g. The initial period of weight loss was an important predictor of growth at 30 days in both cohorts. Infants born < 2000 g on average grew proportionately to their size at birth but did not experience catch-up growth; their weights at 30 days remained much lower than that of infants born ≥ 2000 g and most remained severely underweight. Targeted interventions to optimize early growth should be investigated.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying the enhancement of salt-tolerance in Melia azedarach under salinity stress
Authors: Li Na , Shao Tianyun , Xu Li , Long Xiaohua , Rengel Zed , Zhang Yu
Published: May 2024

Melia azedarach demonstrates strong salt tolerance and thrives in harsh saline soil conditions, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed gene expression under low, medium, and high salinity conditions to gain a deeper understanding of adaptation mechanisms of M. azedarach under salt stress. The GO (gene ontology) analysis unveiled a prominent trend: as salt stress intensified, a greater number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) became enriched in categories related to metabolic processes, catalytic activities, and membrane components. Through the analysis of the category GO:0009651 (response to salt stress), we identified four key candidate genes (CBL7, SAPK10, EDL3, and AKT1) that play a pivotal role in salt stress responses. Furthermore, the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were significantly enriched in the plant hormone signaling pathways and starch and sucrose metabolism under both medium and high salt exposure in comparison to low salt conditions. Notably, genes involved in JAZ and MYC2 in the jasmonic acid (JA) metabolic pathway were markedly upregulated in response to high salt stress. This study offers valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying M. azedarach salt tolerance and identifies potential candidate genes for enhancing salt tolerance in M. azedarach.
Orbital-overlap-driven hybridization in 3d-transition metal perovskite oxides LaMO3 (M = Ti-Ni) and La2CuO4
Authors: Liu Chun-Yu , Celiberti Lorenzo , Decker Régis , Ruotsalainen Kari , Siewierska Katarzyna , Kusch Maximilian , Wang Ru-Pan , Kim Dong Jik , Olaniyan Israel Ibukun , Di Castro Daniele , Tomiyasu Keisuke , van der Minne Emma , Birkhölzer Yorick A. , Kiens Ellen M. , van den Bosch Iris C. G. , Patil Komal N. , Baeumer Christoph , Koster Gertjan , Lazemi Masoud , de Groot Frank M. F. , Dubourdieu Catherine , Franchini Cesare , Föhlisch Alexander
Published: May 2024

The wide tunability of strongly correlated transition metal (TM) oxides stems from their complex electronic properties and the coupled degrees of freedom. Among the perovskite oxides family, LaMO3 (M = Ti-Ni) allows an M-dependent systematic study of the electronic structure within the same-structure-family motif. While most of the studies have been focusing on the 3d TMs and oxygen sites, the role of the rare-earth site has been far less explored. In this work, we use resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) at the lanthanum N4,5 edges and density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the hybridization mechanisms in LaMO3. We link the spatial-overlap-driven hybridization to energetic-overlap-driven hybridization by comparing the RIXS chemical shifts and the DFT band widths. The scope is extended to highly covalent Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite La2CuO4 by intercalating lanthanum atoms to rock-salt layers. Our work evidences an observable contribution of localized lanthanum 5p and 4f orbitals in the band structure.
Electrochemical ocean iron fertilization and alkalinity enhancement approach toward CO2 sequestration
Authors: Taqieddin Amir , Sarrouf Stephanie , Ehsan Muhammad Fahad , Buesseler Ken , Alshawabkeh Akram N.
Published: May 2024

Achieving net-zero emissions by 2050 requires the development of effective negative emission techniques, including ocean-based approaches for CO2 sequestration. However, the implementation and testing of marine CO2 removal (mCDR) techniques such as ocean iron fertilization (OIF) or ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) face significant challenges. Herein, a novel self-operating electrochemical technology is presented that not only combines OIF and OAE, but also recovers hydrogen gas (H2) from seawater, hence offering a promising solution for achieving quantifiable and transparent large-scale mCDR. Experimental results show that the electrochemical OIF (EOIF) can not only increase the concentration of ferrous iron (Fe+2) by 0–0.5 mg/L, but also significantly increases the seawater pH by 8% (i.e., a 25% decrease in the hydrogen ions concentration). The release of iron (Fe+2/Fe+3) can be regulated by adjusting the magnitude of the electric current and its form (e.g., pulsed current and polarity reversal), as well as by optimizing the electrode material and geometry. In certain ocean regions, enhanced iron concentrations stimulate the naturally occurring biological carbon pump (BCP), leading to increased phytoplankton growth, CO2 uptake, and subsequent export of carbon to the deep ocean. Simultaneously, the system increases seawater alkalinity and the buffer capacity, enhancing CO2 solubility and storage in the shallow ocean through the solubility pump. The obtained measurements demonstrate the scalability of EOIF and its ability to operate using solar energy at a lower cost. Overall, the proposed EOIF technology offers a practical, effective, and sustainable solution for addressing climate change on a large scale.
Modelling the impact of wastewater flows and management practices on antimicrobial resistance in dairy farms
Authors: Todman Henry , Helliwell Richard , King Liz , Blanchard Adam , Gray-Hammerton Charlotte J. , Hooton Steven P. , Baker Michelle , Margerison Jean , Wilson Paul , Dodd Christine E. R. , Morris Carol , Raman Sujatha , Hudson Chris , Kreft Jan-Ulrich , Hobman Jon L. , Kypraios Theodore , Stekel Dov J.
Published: May 2024

Dairy slurry is a major source of environmental contamination with antimicrobial resistant genes and bacteria. We developed mathematical models and conducted on-farm research to explore the impact of wastewater flows and management practices on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in slurry. Temporal fluctuations in cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli were observed and attributed to farm activities, specifically the disposal of spent copper and zinc footbath into the slurry system. Our model revealed that resistance should be more frequently observed with relevant determinants encoded chromosomally rather than on plasmids, which was supported by reanalysis of sequenced genomes from the farm. Additionally, lower resistance levels were predicted in conditions with lower growth and higher death rates. The use of muck heap effluent for washing dirty channels did not explain the fluctuations in cephalosporin resistance. These results highlight farm-specific opportunities to reduce AMR pollution, beyond antibiotic use reduction, including careful disposal or recycling of waste antimicrobial metals.
A continuum of zinc finger transcription factor retention on native chromatin underlies dynamic genome organization
Authors: Hu Siling , Liu Yangying , Zhang Qifan , Bai Juan , Xu Chenhuan
Published: May 2024

Transcription factor (TF) residence on chromatin translates into quantitative transcriptional or structural outcomes on genome. Commonly used formaldehyde crosslinking fixes TF-DNA interactions cumulatively and compromises the measured occupancy level. Here we mapped the occupancy level of global or individual zinc finger TFs like CTCF and MAZ, in the form of highly resolved footprints, on native chromatin. By incorporating reinforcing perturbation conditions, we established S-score, a quantitative metric to proxy the continuum of CTCF or MAZ retention across different motifs on native chromatin. The native chromatin-retained CTCF sites harbor sequence features within CTCF motifs better explained by S-score than the metrics obtained from other crosslinking or native assays. CTCF retention on native chromatin correlates with local SUMOylation level, and anti-correlates with transcriptional activity. The S-score successfully delineates the otherwise-masked differential stability of chromatin structures mediated by CTCF, or by MAZ independent of CTCF. Overall, our study established a paradigm continuum of TF retention across binding sites on native chromatin, explaining the dynamic genome organization.
Exploring the potential of regenerated Ioncell fiber composites: a sustainable alternative for high-strength applications
Authors: Fazeli Mahyar , Islam Shariful , Baniasadi Hossein , Abidnejad Roozbeh , Schlapp-Hackl Inge , Hummel Michael , Lipponen Juha
Published: May 2024

Cellulose-based fiber-reinforced composites are gaining attention for their eco-friendly attributes and cost-effectiveness.
Equivalent circuit models for predicting electrical and gas output characteristics of CO2 electrolysis cells
Authors: Kudo Yuki , Ono Akihiko , Mikoshiba Satoshi , Kitagawa Ryota
Published: May 2024

An equivalent circuit model for a CO2 electrolysis cell producing CO and H2 is proposed, taking into account that the CO2 input and the transfer of both carbonate and hydrogen carbonate ions limit the CO partial current density.
Determination of interaction parameters in a bottom-up approach employed in reactive dissipative particle dynamics simulations for thermosetting polymers
Authors: Li Kaiwen , Kikugawa Gota , Kawagoe Yoshiaki , Zhao Yinbo , Okabe Tomonaga
Published: May 2024

The DPD parameters are fully determined by MD simulation in a bottom-up manner and validity of the DPD parameters is discussed when applied to reactive DPD simulation for epoxy materials, with comparison to reactive MD simulation.
Ag nanoisland functionalized hollow carbon nanofibers as a non-invasive, label-free SERS salivary biosensor platform for salivary nitrite detection for pre-diagnosis of oral cancer
Authors: Sunil Navami , Unnathpadi Rajesh , Pullithadathil Biji
Published: May 2024

Label-free SERS salivary sensor platform based on hollow carbon nanofibers functionalized with silver nanoparticles (Ag@HCNFs) has been developed to monitor anomalous concentrations of salivary nitrite facilitating pre-diagnosis of oral cancer.
An intrinsically semi-permeable PDMS nanosheet encapsulating adipose tissue-derived stem cells for enhanced angiogenesis
Authors: Takuma Megumi , Fujita Hajime , Zushi Nanami , Nagano Hisato , Azuma Ryuichi , Kiyosawa Tomoharu , Fujie Toshinori
Published: May 2024

Cell encapsulation devices are expected to be promising tools that can control the release of therapeutic proteins secreted from transplanted cells.
Evolution in the asymmetric synthesis of biaryl ethers and related atropisomers
Authors: Kotwal Namrata , Chauhan Pankaj
Published: May 2024

This article highlights the catalytic methods leading to the asymmetric synthesis of dual axial chiral biaryl ethers and related scaffolds.
Insight into the structural and energetic features of substituted triazolofurazans
Authors: Balabanova Sofya P. , Voronin Alexey A. , Churakov Alexandr M. , Klenov Michael S. , Fedyanin Ivan V. , Pivkina Alla N. , Meerov Dmitry B. , Kon'kova Tatiana S. , Matyushin Yurii N. , Strelenko Yurii A. , Erokhin Kirill S. , Zelenov Victor P. , Tartakovsky Vladimir A.
Published: May 2024

A comparative study of structures, stability and energetic performance of ammonium and hydrazinium salts of 4H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-c][1,2,5]oxadiazole (triazolofurazan, TF) as well as its N-oxide and N-nitroimide was performed.
Quantum-centric high performance computing for quantum chemistry
Authors: Liu Jie , Ma Huan , Shang Honghui , Li Zhenyu , Yang Jinlong
Published: May 2024

Quantum-centric high performance computing (QCHPC), which combines the strengths of quantum computing and high performance computing, is anticipated to significantly enhance computational capabilities for solving challenging problems in quantum chemistry.
Development of a sampling protocol for collecting leaf surface material for multiphase chemistry studies
Authors: Ossola Rachele , Rossell Rose K. , Riches Mj , Osburn Cameron , Farmer Delphine
Published: May 2024

We describe a robust and flexible protocol to collect water-soluble chemicals from leaf surfaces for atmosphere-biosphere interaction studies.
Exposure biomarker profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on a rat model using a versatile analytical framework
Authors: Jia Xiaoqian , Long Manman , Pang Yiming , An Hang , Jin Yu , Jiang Jianjun , Li Zhiwen , Wang Bin
Published: May 2024

A comprehensive analytical framework was developed to select appropriate exposure biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Distribution and trophodynamics of substituted diphenylamine antioxidants and benzotriazole UV stabilizers in a freshwater ecosystem and the adjacent riparian environment
Authors: Lu Zhe , De Silva Amila O. , Spencer Christine , Tetreault Gerald R. , de Solla Shane R. , Muir Derek C. G.
Published: May 2024

The trophodynamics of substituted diphenylamine antioxidants and benzotriazole UV stabilizers vary depending on whether the food web is terrestrial or aquatic.
Optimization of batch and packed-bed column Cr(vi) adsorption of an amine-rich chitosan/polyethyleneimine composite: application in electroplating wastewater treatment
Authors: Ansari Ali , Silva Jacovone Raynara Maria , Nadres Enrico Tapire , Đỗ Minh , Rodrigues Debora Frigi
Published: May 2024

A chemically and mechanically durable polymer composite to efficiently remove chromium from water with complicated chemistry in batch and column.
Wood waste-derived dual-mode materials paving the way for year-round energy saving in buildings
Authors: Zhang Jiayi , Yin Kairen , Zhuang Zirui , Zhou Jinghan , Tang Yixi , Xu Jingyong , Chen Yipeng , Li Yingying , Sun Qingfeng
Published: May 2024

Utilizing wood waste to produce structural materials that possess both radiative cooling and photothermal conversion properties.
High green index electromagnetic interference shields with semiconducting Bi2S3 fillers in a PEDOT:PSS matrix
Authors: Roy Sanjoy Sur , Ghosh Koushik , Meyyappan M. , Giri P. K.
Published: May 2024

Conventional metallic electromagnetic interference (EMI) shields, as well as the emerging 2D material-based shields, meet the shielding effectiveness (SE) needs of most applications.
Adjusting the charging behavior of TiO2 with basic surfactants in an apolar medium for electrophoretic displays
Authors: Yu Yanfang , Liu Hongli , Zhen Yinzhao , Liu Ye , Gao Bonan , Li Xianggao , Wang Shirong
Published: May 2024

The particle charge was easily tuned in the apolar medium by surfactants. The resultant electrophoretic display devices showed excellent properties.
A targetable fluorescent probe for detecting mitochondrial viscosity in live cells by using fluorescence lifetime imaging
Authors: Gong Zheng , Wang Xue , Ma Haowen , Wei Bing , Wang Xiaojuan , Zhu Yingzhong , Hu Zhangjun , Uvdal Kajsa , Liu Zhengjie , Zhang Zhongping
Published: May 2024

A D–π–A typed fluorescence lifetime probe for sensitively detecting viscosity has been designed and synthesized. BSOH has been successfully applied to real-time monitoring mitochondrial viscosity in live cells by fluorescence lifetime imaging.
Ethylenediamine modified ZnAlCu-LDO with high adsorption for phosphate
Authors: Qin Na , Lin Weiwei , Chen Jianhua , Gao Dingling , Liu Yuxiang , Zhang Yayuan , Yang Qian
Published: May 2024

Adsorption mechanism of phosphate on ZACen-0.5. The adsorption mechanism of ZACen-0.5 mainly includes surface precipitation, electrostatic attraction and ligand exchange.
Design of compressively strained PtRu alloy as anode for high-performance DMFCs
Authors: Yin Shuai , Zong Kening , Ban Lishou , Yin Huiming , Liu Xizheng , Ding Yi
Published: May 2024

A nanoporous thin film anode with compressively strained PtRu alloy nanoparticles is designed for DMFCs, which exhibits 12-fold Pt power efficiency than PtRu/C due to the efficient catalytic activity and suppressed methanol cross-over.
Bromide-catalyzed oxo-amination of alkenes towards the synthesis of α-amine ketones under photoelectrocatalysis conditions
Authors: Zong Zhi-Min , Wang Mingxu , Zhao Xiao-Jing , He Yonghui
Published: May 2024

An efficient and novel bromide-catalyzed oxo-amination of aryl alkenes towards the synthesis of α-amine ketones under photoelectrocatalysis conditions was developed. The generation of 2-bromo-1-phenylethanone was supposed as the key step.
Visible-light-driven PCy3-promoted deselenization of 1,2-diselenides
Authors: Liu Yi , Li Fan , Liu Miao-Chang , Zhou Yun-Bing , Wu Hua-Yue
Published: May 2024

A visible-light-driven PCy3-promoted deselenization of 1,2-diselenides for the formation of C–Se, C–Te and C–S bonds has been developed.
Divergent synthesis of polythioindoles using elemental sulfur as the polysulfur source under metal-free conditions
Authors: Ni Penghui , Tan Jing , Tan Yuxing , Jiang Wujiu , Deng Guo-Jun
Published: May 2024

A novel protocol for the divergent synthesis of polythioindoles through a HI-catalyzed polysulfidation/annulation reaction between indoles and elemental sulfur has been described.
Switchable divergent synthesis of chiral indole derivatives via catalytic asymmetric dearomatization of 2,3-disubstituted indoles
Authors: Liu Tingting , Wang Jianbin , Xiao Rou , Zhao Junling
Published: May 2024

A CPA-catalyzed switchable divergent synthesis of chiral indolenines/indolines via the CADA of 2,3-disubstituted indoles has been described. The post-processing conditions played a key role for the structure switch of the final products.
Catalytic cascade gas-phase heterocyclization of lactic acid and aniline into quinolones over mesoporous Hβ zeolite
Authors: Liang Jun-Jie , Wu Fen , Chen Zi-Tuo , Xiang Tao , Wang Chu-Hui , Li Li-Jun , Zhou Cong-Shan , Li An
Published: May 2024

High-value quinoline derivatives were synthesized by vapor-phase cascade heterocyclization via the coupling of biomass-derived lactic acid with aniline, using mesoporous HBeta zeolites as a green and efficient heterogeneous catalyst.
Correction: Highly sensitive solid-state nanopore aptasensor based on target-induced strand displacement for okadaic acid detection from shellfish samples
Authors: Elaguech Mohamed Amin , Yin Yajie , Wang Yunjiao , Shao Bing , Tlili Chaker , Wang Deqiang
Published: May 2024

Correction for ‘Highly sensitive solid-state nanopore aptasensor based on target-induced strand displacement for okadaic acid detection from shellfish samples’ by Mohamed Amin Elaguech et al., Sens. Diagn., 2023, 2, 1612–1622, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SD00199G.
Observation of a robust catalyst support based on metallic glass for large current-density water electrolysis
Authors: Pan Mengqi , Feng Heyang , Zhang Ziyong , Gao Meng , Lei Lei , Wang Degao , Li Guowei , Huo Juntao , Wang Jun-Qiang
Published: May 2024

Metallic glass, made of earth-abundant transition metals from amorphous alloys, is a promising support for noble metal catalysts. Exceptional stability in severe conditions and robust metal–support interaction, allow catalysts to work at industrial-scale current densities without loss of activity.
Water-surface reconstruction of sulfurized spinel-structured oxide oxygen catalysts for alkaline water electrolysis
Authors: Choi Sungyong , Ram Swetarekha , Choi Sung Ryul , An Won Young , Yoo Seojeong , Lee Seung-Cheol , Bhattacharjee Satadeep , Park Jun-Young
Published: May 2024

Slow kinetics related to oxygen evolution reactions (OERs) are currently the main obstacle in developing effective and extremely stable oxygen electrocatalysts for alkaline water electrolysis cells.
Weberite Na2MM′F7 (M, M′ = redox-active metal) as promising fluoride-based sodium-ion battery cathodes
Authors: Lu Tenglong , Meng Sheng , Liu Miao
Published: May 2024

Systematic evaluation of viable fluoride-based materials as promising cathodes for Na-ion batteries with improved performance that can surpass LIBs.
Trapping molecular hydrazine in a cocrystal via hydrogen bonding
Authors: Tang Mingjie , Wang Xudong , Xu Xuran , Zeng Zhiwei , Chen Chunhui , Liu Yuji , Huang Wei , Tang Yongxing
Published: May 2024

A high-performance cocrystal material tailored for trapping hydrazine has been achieved by employing a self-assembly approach.
A synergistic pinning effect in a layer-structured oxide cathode for enhancing stability towards potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Gao Xuan-Wen , Wang Shuai-Shuai , Li Qi , Yang Rui , Liu Zhaomeng , Luo Wen-Bin
Published: May 2024

The dual-site doping of Li, relies on transition metal site substitution to reduce the Mn3+ content, suppresses the potential J–T effect and synergises with the “pillar” structure formed by alkali metal site substitution.
In situ production of low-modulus Ti–Nb alloys by selective laser melting and their functional assessment toward orthopedic applications
Authors: Singh Neera , Srikanth K. P. , Gopal Vasanth , Rajput Monika , Manivasagam Geetha , Prashanth K. G. , Chatterjee Kaushik , Suwas Satyam
Published: May 2024

This work aimed to manufacture Ti–28.5Nb and Ti–40.0Nb (wt%) alloys in situ via selective laser melting (SLM) from Ti and Nb elemental powders.
Functionalised Al(iii) metal organic frameworks for fluorescence sensing of nitroaromatic vapours
Authors: Haj-Yahya Amina , Kouskouki Dimitra , Margellou Antigoni G. , Andreou Evangelos K. , Armatas Gerasimos S. , Lazarides Theodore
Published: May 2024

Mixed-ligand Al(iii) metal–organic frameworks of the MIL-53 structural type show strong fluorescence quenching upon interaction with vapour-phase nitroaromatic compounds.
Smart emissive hybrid dynamer and nanocomposite made of complementary organic and inorganic emitters combined via a supramolecular Janus synthon
Authors: Kashnik Ilya V. , Rebours Jeanne , Dumait Noée , Brylev Konstantin A. , Molard Yann
Published: May 2024

Blue-emitting anthracene derivatives are associated via hydrogen bonds to a red-emitting [Mo6I8(OCOC2F5)6]2− anion leading, once embedded in PMMA, to films whose emission color depends on the irradiation power and time.
Conjugated polymers with near-infrared (NIR) optical absorption: structural design considerations and applications in organic electronics
Authors: Zubair Tanzida , Hasan Md Mahmudul , Ramos Raul S. , Pankow Robert M.
Published: May 2024

This review highlights key strategies in structural engineering for achieving near-IR (NIR) optical absorption with conjugated polymers (NIR-CPs), and it details their utility in various organic electronic device applications.
Printable thick junction-based lead-free perovskite single crystal powders for X-ray detection
Authors: Wu Wei , Jia Zhenglin , Liu Yong , Peng Jiali , Lin Qianqian
Published: May 2024

High-quality lead-free perovskite thick films were prepared and utilized for fabricating photodiodes, realizing high-performance X-ray detectors.
X-ray-induced long persistent luminescence of Cu+-doped borosilicate glasses for radiation detection
Authors: Wang Panting , Zhao Mingjun , Li Weichang , Chen Danping
Published: May 2024

This is the first report on the preparation of LPL glass through X-ray induction, and a highly linear relationship was observed between the initial afterglow intensity and the irradiation dose. It can be used for radiation dose detection.
The population of young low-mass stars in Trumpler 14
Authors: Itrich Dominika , Testi Leonardo , Beccari Giacomo , Manara Carlo F. , Reiter Megan , Preibisch Thomas , McLeod Anna F. , Rosotti Giovanni , Klessen Ralf , Molinari Sergio , Hennebelle Patrick
Published: May 2024

Massive star-forming regions are thought to be the most common birth environments in the Galaxy and the only birth places of very massive stars. Their presence in the stellar cluster alters the conditions within the cluster, impacting at the same time the evolution of other cluster members. In principle, copious amounts of ultraviolet radiation produced by massive stars can remove material from outer parts of the protoplanetary discs around low- and intermediate-mass stars in the process of external photoevaporation, effectively reducing the planet formation capabilities of those discs. Here, we present deep VLT/MUSE observations of low-mass stars in Trumpler 14, one of the most massive, young, and compact clusters in the Carina Nebula Complex. We provide spectral and stellar properties of 717 sources and based on the distribution of stellar ages, derive the cluster age of ∼1 Myr. The majority of the stars in our sample have masses ≤1M⊙, which makes our spectroscopic catalogue the deepest to date in term of mass and proves that detailed investigations of low-mass stars are possible in the massive but distant regions. Spectroscopic studies of low-mass members of the whole Carina Nebula Complex are missing. Our work marks an important step forward towards filling this gap and sets the stage for follow-up investigations of accretion properties in Trumpler 14.