bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of metabolic differences between two geometrical isomers based on multi‐omics strategy
Authors: Ge Xiaoyan , Gao Jian , Zhang Xue , Wang Liming , Wang Chenxi , Fu Zhifei , Yu Haiyang , Liu Erwei , Wang Linlin , Liu Ping , Han Lifeng
Published: November 2023

2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxy stilbene‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside is the main compound of Polygonum multiflorum. There are two geometrical isomers of 2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxy stilbene‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside. Several studies have shown that cis‐2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxy stilbene‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside may be the risk compound of hepatotoxicity in Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. and there are few comprehensive comparisons on the different impacts of cis‐2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxy stilbene‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside and trans‐2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxy stilbene‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside about metabolic characteristics. This paper aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the metabolomics and lipidomics studies of the differences in metabolic characteristics of cis‐2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxy stilbene‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside and trans‐2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxy stilbene‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside. The results showed that trans‐2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxy stilbene‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside and cis‐2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxy stilbene‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside significantly affected 47 metabolites. The main interfering pathways included alpha‐linolenic acid, linoleic acid (LA) metabolism, arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. According to the transcriptomics study, the altered genes were mainly enriched in LA metabolism, AA metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. Two genes (Runx3 and Scd1) were mainly involved in the cell cycle and fatty acid metabolism in the cis‐2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxy stilbene‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside group, and one enzyme (Phospholipase B1) was related to alpha‐linolenic acid, LA metabolism and AA metabolism in the trans‐2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxy stilbene‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside group. These would provide useful information for further investigation on therapeutic and hepatotoxic mechanisms of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.
A latent space accumulator model for response time: Applications to cognitive assessment data
Authors: Jin Ick Hoon , Yun Jonghyun , Kim Hyunjoo , Jeon Minjeong
Published: November 2023

Response time has attracted increased interest in educational and psychological assessment for, for example, measuring test takers' processing speed, improving the measurement accuracy of ability and understanding aberrant response behaviour. Most models for response time analysis are based on a parametric assumption about the response time distribution. The Cox proportional hazard model has been utilized for response time analysis for the advantages of not requiring a distributional assumption of response time and enabling meaningful interpretations with respect to response processes. In this paper, we present a new version of the proportional hazard model, called a latent space accumulator model, for cognitive assessment data based on accumulators for two competing response outcomes, such as correct versus incorrect responses. The proposed model extends a previous accumulator model by capturing dependencies between respondents and test items across accumulators in the form of distances in a two‐dimensional Euclidean space. A fully Bayesian approach is developed to estimate the proposed model. The utilities of the proposed model are illustrated with two real data examples.
Conducting Sensitive Interviews Online
Authors: Kähäri Outi , Edelman Kristel
Published: November 2023

We explore the role of embodied messages for the interaction order when conducting sensitive biographical research online. Our analysis indicates that mediated situations take shape continuously and are extremely open to different kinds of interaction orderings, including disruptions. Interaction in online interviews is influenced by increased fluidity and intensity caused by the synthetic situation. For the researcher, this results in extra effort in restructuring the main activity and re‐establishing the expressive order. Moreover, the inability to be physically present in affective interview situations created virtual private mental spaces where interaction of intense emotions was partly restricted.
Serological evidence and factors associated with Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever in sheep in Burkina Faso
Authors: Dahourou Laibané Dieudonné , Akio Salimata , Savadogo Madi , Yougbaré Bernadette , Ouoba Lalidia Bruno , Tapsoba Arnaud Stéphane Rayangnéwêndé , Zerbo Lamouni Habibata , Ilboudo Abdoul Kader , Abga Roland Lamoussa , Traoré Amadou , Dione Michel Mainack , Bada Alambédji Rianatou
Published: November 2023

Background

Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is caused by an orthonairovirus transmitted by bites from infected ticks or by direct contact with blood or tissues of infected ticks, viraemic patients or viraemic livestock.

Objective

It was implemented to access the seropositivity and associated factors with CCHF in sheep in two provinces in Burkina Faso.

Methods

Three hundred and sixty‐four sheep sera have been taken from 73 herds in four municipalities and two provinces. The double‐antigen sandwich ELISA test was used to test for antibodies against CCHF virus (CCHFV). Data have also been collected using questionnaire to assess factors associated with CCHF seropositivity.

Results

Fifty‐four (54 out to 364 sheep were seropositive given an overall seropositivity of 14.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.9%–19.8%) with an adjusted seropositivity of 13.1%. The study showed that 15.6% (95% CI: 10.2–21.0) and 14.1% (95% CI: 9.2–19.1) of sheep in the provinces of Mouhoun and Kénédougou, respectively, had antibodies against CCHFV. The highest seropositivity was found in Dédougou municipality (24.4%). The study showed that sheep from the municipalities of Dédougou (AOR = 8.4; 95% CI: 2.2–31.8), N'dorola (AOR = 14.7; 95% CI: 3.8–56.8), Sindou (AOR = 4.9; 95% CI: 1.2–20.7), sheep aged between 27 and 36 months (AOR = 6.4; 95% CI: 2.3–17.3) and sheep with ticks (AOR = 24.8; 95% CI: 7.7–80.1) were more likely to be seropositive to CCHF.

Conclusions

The study revealed that sheep in Burkina Faso experienced contacts with CCHFV and suggests the importance of implementing control action in the country.
The first report of rabies in stone marten (Martes foina) in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Iran)
Authors: Zamzam Seyed Hossein , Ghorani Mohammadreza , Eslami Fahime , Mostofi Saeed
Published: November 2023

Rabies is a prevalent endemic and zoonotic fatal disease, which is normally transmitted to humans by contact (scratches and bites) from infected animals. The present paper deals with the first documented evidence of rabies in the stone marten (Martes foina). Rabies symptoms were observed in a marten in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The animal with a strange demeanour approached people without fear, which was died after some while. Samples were taken from its brain (cerebellum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus), shortly after death. In this report, laboratory evidence of rabies by fluorescent antibody (FAT) was proved. The present work is valuable because of the environmental importance of the stone marten. Hence, sensitive surveillance and advanced reporting systems should be regularly monitored on suspected cases of rabies in animals and humans to control and prevent this deadly disease. This involves exposure history, clinical examinations, symptoms and experimental results. Rabies can be controlled by fast diagnostic tests and vaccination.
Photochromic properties of novel composites on the base of biopolymers and plasma‐modified Mo4O11 and W18O49 nanostructures
Authors: Khlyustova Anna , Evdokimova Anastasia , Shibaeva Valeria , Sirotkin Nikolay
Published: November 2023

Novel photochromic composites based on biopolymers (polyvinyl alcohol, starch) and Mo4O11 and W18O49 as the fillers were obtained and characterized. To improve the photochromic properties, molybdenum and tungsten oxide sols were treated by an underwater diaphragm discharge to obtain binary structures of the MoOx/WOx and WOx/MoOx (2 < x < 3) types. The formation of such oxides was confirmed by TEM, EDX, XRD analysis, and Raman spectroscopy data. Plasma treatment is increased the color intensity and reversibility. The modified sols were incorporated into polymer matrices. Spectral studies have shown that the color of photo‐colored composites depends on the chemical structure of the polymer matrix. Mechanical tests have shown the possibility of obtaining hardened or plastic composites depending on the concentration and nature of the filler.

Highlights

Photochromic polymer composites with W18O49 and Mo4O11 as fillers were obtained.

Diaphragm discharge used as a tool for sol modification.

WOx/MoOx and MoOx/WOx structures have improved photochromic properties.

Color of irradiated polymer composites depends on chemical structure of polymer.

Mechanical properties are determined by the polymer filler concentration.
Nonlinear thermomechanical vibration of initially stressed functionally graded plates with porosities
Authors: Anh N. D. , Van Thinh Nguyen , Van Tung Hoang
Published: November 2023

The large‐amplitude vibration of initially stressed functionally graded material (FGM) rectangular plates with porosities is investigated in this paper. All edges of the plate are simply supported and uncompressed edges are tangentially restrained. Initial stresses are caused by in‐plane compressive load acting on freely movable edges or thermally induced forces at restrained edges. Pores present in FGM through even and uneven distributions. Material properties are assumed to be temperature‐dependent and, due to the presence of the pores, the effective properties of FGM are determined using a modified rule of mixture. Governing equations in terms of deflection and stress function are established based on the classical plate theory taking into account von Kármán nonlinearity and initial geometric imperfection. These equations are solved using approximate analytical solutions along with the Galerkin method to obtain a time differential equation containing quadratic and cubic nonlinear terms. Nonlinear frequencies are determined by means of numerical integration employing the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta scheme. Parametric studies are carried out to analyze the effects of material and geometry properties, porosity volume fraction and distribution, pre‐existent compressive and thermal loads, imperfection and degree of tangential constraints of unloaded edges on the natural frequencies and nonlinear to linear frequency ratio of FGM plates.
Hybrid Investigative Journalism During Times of Crisis
Authors: Konow-Lund Maria , Park Michelle , Bebawi Saba
Published: November 2023

In pursuit of its continued focus on holding power to account—locally, nationally and globally—investigative journalism as a practice has actively incorporated various digital skills and capabilities. The embrace of digital journalism has led to collages of skillsets that have come together in new ways to complement one another or merge into something unprecedented. These processes of hybridisation are regularly discussed in relation to how journalism is undergoing riveting change; as a concept, hybridity challenges traditional notions of how journalism is being produced and by whom. Domingo (2016, p. 145), for example, points out that hybridisation is taking place within journalistic practices both overtly and covertly amongst a range of (new and traditional) actors, platforms and organisations. The hybrid combination of digital and traditional physical forms of journalistic collaboration has also given rise to new horizontal processes (Russel, 2016, p. 149).
Toward a Hybrid Future for Investigative Journalism
Authors: Konow-Lund Maria , Park Michelle , Bebawi Saba
Published: November 2023

In this book, we have reflected upon alternative ways forward for investigative journalism—ways which demand hybridisation, innovation and entrepreneurship. In doing so, we have also addressed a gap in the existing academic research. We deliberately considered cases which, while generally run by professional journalists, go well beyond traditional investigative journalism. These cross-disciplinary efforts in the field draw upon some traditional practices but at the same time dedicate themselves to productive and purposeful collaborations among journalists, activists, technologists, editorial developers, citizens, community coordinators and others. Such innovation within journalism, we argued, depends upon innovation at every level—locally, nationally and globally.
How COVID-19 Affected the Practice of Investigative Journalism in Norway and China
Authors: Konow-Lund Maria , Pan Lin , Gardell Eva-Karin Olsson
Published: November 2023

Unlike other global crises, the COVID-19 pandemic offered researchers a unique opportunity to better understand the ways in which journalistic practices in the digital era could be adapted to handle new challenges. In this chapter, we are concerned with practices related to investigative journalism and social media use among journalists.
Toolkit—Tools to Assist in Making the Move into Entrepreneurship
Authors: van der Westhuizen Thea
Published: November 2023

Continuing with the co-sensing idea of ‘connecting with people and ideas to learn more about how things work’, entrepreneurs need to act quickly and continuously. But first, as entrepreneurs, we need to know what we are going to do, what to start with, and what to do next. We need to plan our priorities. Although a lengthy business plan does not guarantee that the business will succeed, it is important to have a clear outline of its vision and action steps. This is where it helps to create a business model canvas. This chapter describes aspects relating to the SHAPE Four-Quadrant Business Model Canvas and shows how we can put our ideas into entrepreneurial action.
Toolkit—New Customers and Product Development
Authors: van der Westhuizen Thea
Published: November 2023

This chapter gets down to the nitty–gritty of what we are going to do: How we are going to develop a way of adding value and creating a product or service that is useful and sustainable. The key issue in the chapter is to be truly creative. The chapter discusses innovation and how our unique business offering is going to make money. So, we need to think about market research and the difference between marketing and sales. The chapter also discusses three ways to get into the market: business tendering, starting a business with no products (‘drop-shipping’), and starting a business with no money. To start a business, we sell a product to a customer. The SHAPE Lean Model highlights the importance of working out what people want; we then sell it to them and build an organisation that can continue doing this.
Impact dynamics of granular debris flows based on a small-scale physical model
Authors: Scheidl Christian , Friedl Caroline , Reider Lukas , Wernhart Susanna , Fuchs Anna-Lisa , Dankwerth Anna Lisa , Nagl Georg , Kaitna Roland , Proske Dirk
Published: November 2023

The peak pressure of a granular debris flow at low Froude conditions can be calculated with knowledge of the stress anisotropy and the bulk density as well as the run-up height at impact. Based on a small-scale physical model, measurements of stress anisotropy and flow density values at impact are presented and applied to existing run-up prediction models, and further compared with back-calculated run-up coefficients from measured maximum impact pressures. For this purpose, we conducted 17 experiments with impact measurements and six experiments without impact measurements at Froude numbers, ranging from 0.84 to 2.41. Our results indicate that run-up heights are best reproduced by predictive models, either based on energy or mass and moment conservation, when anisotropic stress conditions, found in this study to range from 1.2 to 5.0, and bulk density variations due to impact, ranging in this study from 0.8 to 2.3, are considered. The influence of stress anisotropy and density variation on the run-up prediction differs, depending on the modelling approach. For the calculation of run-up heights based on the energy conservation concept, the influence of stress anisotropy becomes more significant with increasing Froude number, whereas for models based on mass and momentum conservation, bulk density variations have a greater influence on the estimation of the potential run-up.
Interval appendectomy as a safe and feasible treatment approach after conservative treatment for appendicitis with abscess: a retrospective, single-center cohort study
Authors: Suzuki Toshiyuki , Matsumoto Akiyo , Akao Takahiko , Matsumoto Hiroshi
Published: November 2023

Emergency appendectomy (EA) is the gold standard management for acute appendicitis (AA). However, whether EA or interval appendectomy (IA) after conservative treatment is the optimal approach in AA with abscess remains controversial. This study compared IA and EA in patients presenting with AA accompanied by abscess. This was a retrospective single-center study including 446 consecutive patients undergoing appendectomy between April 2009 and March 2023. AA with abscess was defined as a pericecal abscess observed by computed tomography or abdominal ultrasonography, and patients with signs of peritoneal irritation were excluded. Perioperative outcomes were compared between the patients who directly underwent EA and those who underwent IA after conservative treatment. Among 42 patients (9.4%) with AA and abscess, 34 and 8 patients underwent IA and EA, respectively. The rates of ileocecal resection and postoperative complications were lower in the IA group than in the EA group (3% vs. 50%, P < 0.001 and 9% vs. 75%, P < 0.001, respectively). Colonoscopy before IA was performed in 16 of the 17 patients aged ≥ 40 years in the IA group, and one patient underwent ileocecal resection because of suspicious neoplasm in the root of the appendix. IA after conservative treatment might be considered as the useful therapeutic option for AA with abscess. Colonoscopy during the waiting period between the initial diagnosis and IA should be considered in patients aged ≥ 40 years who may have malignant changes. Implementing IA as a first-line treatment will be beneficial to both patients and healthcare providers.
Comparative study of children’s mental health outcomes in Tyrol, Austria, and South Tyrol, Italy, during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kohlboeck Gabriele , Barbieri Verena , Wenter Anna , Piccoliori Giuliano , Engl Adolf , Sevecke Kathrin , Wiedermann Christian J. , Exenberger Silvia
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to compare the mental health outcomes of children in North Tyrol, Austria, and South Tyrol, Italy, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, considering the sociocultural and contextual differences between the two regions.

Methods

The Tyrolean COVID-19 Children’s Study (TCCS: n = 401; June 2021 to July 2021) and the Corona and Psyche in South Tyrol 2021 Study (COP‑S; n = 3402; May 2021 to June 2021) were used for data analyses. Both studies employed cross-sectional designs and collected data through online questionnaires completed by children aged 7–13 years and their parents. Various psychosocial assessment tools including the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screening, Children Anxiety Test, Child Behavior Check List, Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, and Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children were used in the surveys.

Results

The comparison between North Tyrol and South Tyrol revealed no significant differences in perceived threats, trauma, or anxiety among children. Similarly, there were no substantial disparities in psychosomatic complaints, indicating similar manifestations of emotional distress across the two regions.

Conclusion

The comparative analysis of children’s mental health outcomes in North Tyrol and South Tyrol during the COVID-19 pandemic confirmed the analogous influence of sociocultural and contextual factors on their wellbeing. Despite presumable variations in pandemic events, management strategies, and healthcare systems, the study suggests comparable resilience among children and highlights the importance of sociocultural factors in shaping their wellbeing. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive understanding and targeted interventions to support children’s mental health during challenging times.
Snakebites in the Americas: a Neglected Problem in Public Health
Authors: Fernández C Eduardo A , Youssef Peter
Published: November 2023

Purpose of Review

We explored the current priority given to snakebites in 26 countries of the Americas. To describe the epidemiological characteristics of the snakebites in the Americas and the Caribbean, we looked at information collected from epidemiological sources, publications, and available from PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS. In the case of Honduras, some gray literature (theses and conference abstracts) was obtained through local networks. We also aimed at obtaining any reference made in those reports with regard to the most common snake species in the region and their toxin and the physical and mental disability in snakebite victims.

Recent Findings

Many countries do not keep official reports of the snakebite incidents. In a few countries, growing knowledge of venom toxicology is leading to research and development of new antivenoms. Additionally, interest is increasing in the identification of natural treatment for symptoms caused by snake venoms, especially inflammation, pain, and blood loss. There are opportunities to undertake rigorous examination of traditional treatments, which could be incorporated to the standard of care.

Snakebite surveillance needs improvement in several countries, and access to prompt treatment needs to be facilitated. With a few exceptions, scientific research is scarce in most Latin American countries. For prevention and management initiatives, it is important to highlight that the typical profile of the snakebite victim is a young male farmer with low literacy.
Deep Insight of Design, Mechanism, and Cancer Theranostic Strategy of Nanozymes
Authors: Yang Lu , Dong Shuming , Gai Shili , Yang Dan , Ding He , Feng Lili , Yang Guixin , Rehman Ziaur , Yang Piaoping
Published: November 2023

Since the discovery of enzyme-like activity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in 2007, nanozymes are becoming the promising substitutes for natural enzymes due to their advantages of high catalytic activity, low cost, mild reaction conditions, good stability, and suitable for large-scale production. Recently, with the cross fusion of nanomedicine and nanocatalysis, nanozyme-based theranostic strategies attract great attention, since the enzymatic reactions can be triggered in the tumor microenvironment to achieve good curative effect with substrate specificity and low side effects. Thus, various nanozymes have been developed and used for tumor therapy. In this review, more than 270 research articles are discussed systematically to present progress in the past five years. First, the discovery and development of nanozymes are summarized. Second, classification and catalytic mechanism of nanozymes are discussed. Third, activity prediction and rational design of nanozymes are focused by highlighting the methods of density functional theory, machine learning, biomimetic and chemical design. Then, synergistic theranostic strategy of nanozymes are introduced. Finally, current challenges and future prospects of nanozymes used for tumor theranostic are outlined, including selectivity, biosafety, repeatability and stability, in-depth catalytic mechanism, predicting and evaluating activities.
Ein Mapping Review zu Qualität in Organisationen der Weiterbildung. Perspektiven für die Erforschung organisationsinterner Koordinationsprozesse bei der Entwicklung von Qualität
Authors: Jenner Annabel
Published: November 2023

Organisationen der Weiterbildung sind mit zunehmenden Qualitätsanforderungen konfrontiert. Die Weiterbildungsforschung hat darauf bislang besonders unter Perspektiven der Koordination und Steuerung Bezug genommen. Demgegenüber ist der Bedeutung regulatorischer Einflüsse für die operative Entwicklung von Qualität durch die Mitarbeitenden in Weiterbildungsorganisationen weniger Aufmerksamkeit zuteilgeworden. Der Beitrag gibt anhand eines Mapping Reviews einen Überblick über den aktuellen Diskurs zu Qualität in Organisationen der Weiterbildung. Entlang von sechs Themensträngen verdeutlichen die Befunde zentrale Schwerpunkte. Zugleich bieten die Befunde erste Anhaltspunkte für das Verständnis organisationsinterner Handlungskoordination bei der Entwicklung von Qualität. Unter der Perspektive der Educational-Governance-Forschung werden diese Anhaltspunkte für künftige Forschung weiterentwickelt. Im Ergebnis stehen Vorschläge, die den Qualitätsdiskurs im Hinblick auf eine verschränkte Auseinandersetzung mit Steuerungsphänomenen auf der Makroebene und binnenorganisatorischen Prozessen der Qualitätsentwicklung voranbringen.
Nonlinear time-history analysis of the Evolution Tower resting on cellular raft due to earthquake loads
Authors: Shaaban Mohammed , Abouelsaad Mohamed Naguib , El Bagalaty Salah , El Madawy Mohamed E.
Published: November 2023

This study includes an investigation of using a cellular raft over piles on the seismic response of both a twisting and regular tower using the direct method, demonstrating the variance between a solid raft and a cellular raft. Both towers are 52 stories high and made of reinforced concrete. They were also built on a reinforced concrete piled-raft foundation. The soil model is thought to be multi-layered and has the same profile as the zone under investigation (New Mansoura, Egypt). All structural properties (dimensions, section properties, materials) are equal to allow a fair comparison of output response for both towers. The sole difference between the two towers is their elevation. The study is carried out under seismic loads using nonlinear time-history analysis. All analyses are carried out employing finite-element software (Midas GTS NX). Thus, seven distinct earthquake records with full 3D models were used for time-history research. According to the findings and discussions, it is concluded that adopting a cellular raft can reduce the dynamic response of the towers. Considering the soil–structure interaction, the maximum inter-story drift ratio decreases by 8.17% for the twisting tower and 5.58% for the regular tower while using the cellular raft. Furthermore, the regular tower is more effective than the twisting tower at resisting lateral loads.
Building Pathways to Peace
Authors: Ansorg Nadine , Kurtenbach Sabine
Published: November 2023

SSR is a key element of the transitions out of war, aiming at the establishment of accountable and legitimate institutions able to prevent and sanction the use of violence. While recognizing the need to include local actors, donor policies still focus mostly on the state as a provider of security. Second generation SSR has emphasized the need to include local communities and recognize the existence of non-state actors in the provision of security and justice. However, recognition is not enough. This Element promotes a radical re-think of SSR in the context of conflict and war. Guiding question for the considerations is how can security sector reform be set up and implemented to contribute to constructive and inclusive state-society relations, and build the path to long-lasting peace? This Element argues that a focus on functional equivalents, minorities, gender, and human rights is key for the design, implementation, and success of SSR.
Active mobility and mental health: A scoping review towards a healthier world
Authors: Scrivano Luana , Tessari Alessia , Marcora Samuele M. , Manners David N.
Published: November 2023

Research has proven that engaging in active mobility (AM), namely walking and cycling for transportation, significantly enhances physical activity levels, leading to better physical health. It is still unclear whether AM could also offer any mental health benefits. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current knowledge on the relationship between AM and mental health, given its crucial role in public health. The authors searched online databases to isolate primary studies written in English involving an adult sample (16 or over). AM was the exposure factor. Many mental health elements were included as outcomes (depression, anxiety, self-esteem, self-efficacy, stress, psychological and subjective well-being, resilience, loneliness and social support, quality of life, mood, life satisfaction and sleep). The results were organised in a narrative summary per each outcome selected, graphical syntheses and an overview of gaps to be further examined. The authors identified a total of 55 papers as relevant. The results show inconsistency in study designs, definition and operationalisation of the variables, approach and methodologies used. A cross-sectional design was the dominant choice, primarily examining data from national public health surveys. Nonetheless, there has been improvement in outcomes of interests, initially mainly the quality of life and affect. Lately, authors have focused on a broader range of mental health-related factors (such as travel satisfaction). The experimental studies showed promising mental health improvements in those who used active modes more than those who used motorised vehicles. It creates a rationale for further research towards implementing a unified theoretical and methodological framework to study the link between AM and mental health. The ultimate goal is to generate solid conclusions that could support building societies and cities through public health promotion and sustainable strategies, like walking and cycling as a means of transport.
Marx, Malthus, and the Moral Economy of Reproduction
Authors: Cicerchia Lillian
Published: November 2023

This article examines the “backlash thesis” as a way of interpreting hostility and resistance to reproductive rights in the United States. The dominant interpretation of resistance to abortion rights or of advocacy for population control is that they are a backlash against feminism and civil rights. Granting that the backlash thesis has intuitive appeal, the article argues that it is not adequate to a contemporary analysis of these issues. It then claims that what is needed is an account of the contradictory and dynamic way in which capitalism generates anxiety about fertility and family life. The article then uses socialist feminist social reproduction theory to develop an alternative explanatory framework for why market forces form the precondition and basis for context-specific appeals to tradition rather than being antithetical to them. The latter includes both pronatalist ideas and neo-Malthusian ones about population control. The article concludes by suggesting ways in which the analysis can be useful in other contexts.
Kantian Circularity: Maimon on Causal Scepticism and the Status of the Hypothetical Judgement
Authors: Fitton Emily
Published: November 2023

A key theme throughout Maimon’s works is a circularity he diagnoses at the heart of Kant’s response to Hume. The objective validity of Kant’s category of causality ultimately rests, Maimon argues, upon the logical status of the hypothetical judgement – on its inclusion among the forms of pure general logic. In turn, however, the inclusion of the hypothetical within pure general logic itself rests upon the objective validity of causal judgements. This article examines Maimon’s diagnosis and traces it back to a debate that has its origins in Wolff’s German Logic, concerning the relationship between categorical and hypothetical judgements.
Discrimination reported by people with schizophrenia: cross-national variations in relation to the Human Development Index
Authors: Gronholm P. C. , Ali S. , Brohan E. , Thornicroft G.
Published: November 2023

Aims

Mental health related stigma and discrimination is a universal phenomenon and a contributor to the adversity experienced by people with schizophrenia. Research has produced inconsistent findings on how discrimination differs across settings and the contextual factors that underpin these differences. This study investigates the association between country-level Human Development Index (HDI) and experienced and anticipated discrimination reported by people with schizophrenia.

Methods

This study is a secondary data analysis of a global cross-sectional survey completed by people living with schizophrenia across 29 countries, between 2005 and 2008. Experienced and anticipated discrimination were assessed using the Discrimination and Stigma Scale (DISC-10). Countries were classified according to their 2006 HDI. Negative binomial and Poisson regression analyses with a robust standard errors approach were conducted to investigate associations between country-level HDI and discrimination.

Results

In the regression analyses, no evidence was found for a linear association between HDI and experienced or anticipated discrimination. Further exploratory analyses showed a significant non-linear association between HDI ratings and experienced discrimination. Participants in “high” and “very high” HDI countries reported more experienced discrimination compared to those in “medium” HDI countries.

Conclusions

HDI does, to some extent, appear to be associated with how far discrimination is experienced across different contexts. More high-quality cross-national research, including research focused on “medium” and “low” countries, is needed to substantiate these findings and identify underlying factors that may explain the pattern observed for experienced discrimination, including generating new datasets that would enable for these analyses to be repeated and contrasted with more recent data. An in-depth understanding of these factors will further aid the adaptation of cross-cultural and context specific anti-stigma interventions in future.
Impact of Climate Change on Water Sources and River‐Floodplain Mixing in the Natural Wetland Floodplain of Biebrza River
Authors: Berezowski Tomasz , Partington Daniel
Published: November 2023

The origins of river and floodplain waters (groundwater, rainfall, and snowmelt) and their extent during overbank flow events strongly impact ecological processes such as denitrification and vegetation development. However, the long‐term sensitivity of floodplain water signatures to climate change remains elusive. We examined how the integrated hydrological model HydroGeoSphere and the Hydraulic Mixing‐Cell method could help us understand the long‐term impact of climate change on water signatures and their spatial distribution in the protected Biebrza River Catchment in northeastern Poland. Our model relied on 20th century Reanalysis Data from 1881 to 2015 and an ensemble of EURO‐CORDEX simulations for representative concentration pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 from 2006 to 2099. The historical component of the simulations was subjected to extensive multiple‐variable validation from 1881 to 2019. The results show that the extents of water sources were rather stable in the floodplain in the 1881–2015 period. The projected future impacts were variable with each analyzed RCP, but in all cases, different significant trends were present for the spatial distribution of water sources and for the river‐floodplain mixing. However, the total volume of water from different sources was less sensitive to climate change than the dominant sources and spatial distribution of water. The simulation results highlight the impact of climate change on the extent of water sources in temperate zone wetlands with significant implications for ecological processes and management. These results also underscore the urgent need to leverage such modeling studies to inform protective and preservation strategies of floodplain wetlands.
Antibody-directed evolution reveals a mechanism for enhanced neutralization at the HIV-1 fusion peptide site
Authors: Banach Bailey B. , Pletnev Sergei , Olia Adam S. , Xu Kai , Zhang Baoshan , Rawi Reda , Bylund Tatsiana , Doria-Rose Nicole A. , Nguyen Thuy Duong , Fahad Ahmed S. , Lee Myungjin , Lin Bob C. , Liu Tracy , Louder Mark K. , Madan Bharat , McKee Krisha , O’Dell Sijy , Sastry Mallika , Schön Arne , Bui Natalie , Shen Chen-Hsiang , Wolfe Jacy R. , Chuang Gwo-Yu , Mascola John R. , Kwong Peter D. , DeKosky Brandon J.
Published: November 2023

The HIV-1 fusion peptide (FP) represents a promising vaccine target, but global FP sequence diversity among circulating strains has limited anti-FP antibodies to ~60% neutralization breadth. Here we evolve the FP-targeting antibody VRC34.01 in vitro to enhance FP-neutralization using site saturation mutagenesis and yeast display. Successive rounds of directed evolution by iterative selection of antibodies for binding to resistant HIV-1 strains establish a variant, VRC34.01_mm28, as a best-in-class antibody with 10-fold enhanced potency compared to the template antibody and ~80% breadth on a cross-clade 208-strain neutralization panel. Structural analyses demonstrate that the improved paratope expands the FP binding groove to accommodate diverse FP sequences of different lengths while also recognizing the HIV-1 Env backbone. These data reveal critical antibody features for enhanced neutralization breadth and potency against the FP site of vulnerability and accelerate clinical development of broad HIV-1 FP-targeting vaccines and therapeutics.
Targetable lesions and proteomes predict therapy sensitivity through disease evolution in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Lorentzian Amanda C. , Rever Jenna , Ergin Enes K. , Guo Meiyun , Akella Neha M. , Rolf Nina , James Lim C. , Reid Gregor S. D. , Maxwell Christopher A. , Lange Philipp F.
Published: November 2023

Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) genomes show that relapses often arise from subclonal outgrowths. However, the impact of clonal evolution on the actionable proteome and response to targeted therapy is not known. Here, we present a comprehensive retrospective analysis of paired ALL diagnosis and relapsed specimen. Targeted next generation sequencing and proteome analysis indicate persistence of actionable genome variants and stable proteomes through disease progression. Paired viably-frozen biopsies show high correlation of drug response to variant-targeted therapies but in vitro selectivity is low. Proteome analysis prioritizes PARP1 as a pan-ALL target candidate needed for survival following cellular stress; diagnostic and relapsed ALL samples demonstrate robust sensitivity to treatment with two PARP1/2 inhibitors. Together, these findings support initiating prospective precision oncology approaches at ALL diagnosis and emphasize the need to incorporate proteome analysis to prospectively determine tumor sensitivities, which are likely to be retained at disease relapse.
Reduced FOXF1 links unrepaired DNA damage to pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Isobe Sarasa , Nair Ramesh V. , Kang Helen Y. , Wang Lingli , Moonen Jan-Renier , Shinohara Tsutomu , Cao Aiqin , Taylor Shalina , Otsuki Shoichiro , Marciano David P. , Harper Rebecca L. , Adil Mir S. , Zhang Chongyang , Lago-Docampo Mauro , Körbelin Jakob , Engreitz Jesse M. , Snyder Michael P. , Rabinovitch Marlene
Published: November 2023

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease in which pulmonary arterial (PA) endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is associated with unrepaired DNA damage. BMPR2 is the most common genetic cause of PAH. We report that human PAEC with reduced BMPR2 have persistent DNA damage in room air after hypoxia (reoxygenation), as do mice with EC-specific deletion of Bmpr2 (EC-Bmpr2-/-) and persistent pulmonary hypertension. Similar findings are observed in PAEC with loss of the DNA damage sensor ATM, and in mice with Atm deleted in EC (EC-Atm-/-). Gene expression analysis of EC-Atm-/- and EC-Bmpr2-/- lung EC reveals reduced Foxf1, a transcription factor with selectivity for lung EC. Reducing FOXF1 in control PAEC induces DNA damage and impaired angiogenesis whereas transfection of FOXF1 in PAH PAEC repairs DNA damage and restores angiogenesis. Lung EC targeted delivery of Foxf1 to reoxygenated EC-Bmpr2-/- mice repairs DNA damage, induces angiogenesis and reverses pulmonary hypertension.
The D-Mercator method for the multidimensional hyperbolic embedding of real networks
Authors: Jankowski Robert , Allard Antoine , Boguñá Marián , Serrano M. Ángeles
Published: November 2023

One of the pillars of the geometric approach to networks has been the development of model-based mapping tools that embed real networks in its latent geometry. In particular, the tool Mercator embeds networks into the hyperbolic plane. However, some real networks are better described by the multidimensional formulation of the underlying geometric model. Here, we introduce D-Mercator, a model-based embedding method that produces multidimensional maps of real networks into the (D + 1)-hyperbolic space, where the similarity subspace is represented as a D-sphere. We used D-Mercator to produce multidimensional hyperbolic maps of real networks and estimated their intrinsic dimensionality in terms of navigability and community structure. Multidimensional representations of real networks are instrumental in the identification of factors that determine connectivity and in elucidating fundamental issues that hinge on dimensionality, such as the presence of universality in critical behavior.
Realization of a quantum neural network using repeat-until-success circuits in a superconducting quantum processor
Authors: Moreira M. S. , Guerreschi G. G. , Vlothuizen W. , Marques J. F. , van Straten J. , Premaratne S. P. , Zou X. , Ali H. , Muthusubramanian N. , Zachariadis C. , van Someren J. , Beekman M. , Haider N. , Bruno A. , Almudever C. G. , Matsuura A. Y. , DiCarlo L.
Published: November 2023

Artificial neural networks are becoming an integral part of digital solutions to complex problems. However, employing neural networks on quantum processors faces challenges related to the implementation of non-linear functions using quantum circuits. In this paper, we use repeat-until-success circuits enabled by real-time control-flow feedback to realize quantum neurons with non-linear activation functions. These neurons constitute elementary building blocks that can be arranged in a variety of layouts to carry out deep learning tasks quantum coherently. As an example, we construct a minimal feedforward quantum neural network capable of learning all 2-to-1-bit Boolean functions by optimization of network activation parameters within the supervised-learning paradigm. This model is shown to perform non-linear classification and effectively learns from multiple copies of a single training state consisting of the maximal superposition of all inputs.
Prevalence and factors associated with anemia in women of reproductive age across low- and middle-income countries based on national data
Authors: Alem Adugnaw Zeleke , Efendi Ferry , McKenna Lisa , Felipe-Dimog Eva Belingon , Chilot Dagmawi , Tonapa Santo Imanuel , Susanti Ika Adelia , Zainuri Agus
Published: November 2023

Anemia is a global threat among women of reproductive age (WRA), or 15–49 years old women, both in developed and developing countries. Prevalence of anemia in WRA is higher by fourfold in developing countries, based on extensive studies and surveys conducted by WHO and UNICEF. However, there is limited studies that conducted pooled analysis of anemia prevalence in low resource countries. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with anemia among women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study used secondary data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in 46 low- and middle-income countries during 2010–2021. Descriptive statistics of proportions between pregnant and non-pregnant mothers were assessed. Multilevel binary logistic regression was used to test the factors associated with anemia among women of reproductive age. A total of 881,148 women of childbearing age in LMICs were included. This study found a high prevalence of 45.20% (95% CI 41.21, 49.16) of anemia was observed in among pregnant women and 39.52% (95% CI 33.88, 45.15) anemia was observed in non-pregnant women. Educational status, wealth status, family size, media exposure, and residence were common factors significantly associated with anemia in both pregnant and non-pregnant women. The high global burden of anemia in LMICs continues to underline the need for unusual approaches and target interventions on an individual basis. Global commitment and movement to reduce the prevalence of anemia need to be revisited and redesigned for current circumstances.
Biotechnological strategies for controlled accumulation of flavones in hairy root culture of Scutellaria lateriflora L.
Authors: Wilczańska Agata , Sparzak-Stefanowska Barbara , Kokotkiewicz Adam , Jesionek Anna , Królicka Aleksandra , Łuczkiewicz Maria , Krauze-Baranowska Mirosława
Published: November 2023

Accumulation of medicinally important flavones and acteoside was evaluated in Scutellaria lateriflora hairy root cultures subjected to different experimental strategies – feeding with precursors of phenolics biosynthesis (phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, and sodium cinnamate), addition of elicitors (chitosan, jasmonic acid) and Amberlite XAD-4 and XAD-7 resins and permeabilization with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and methanol. The production profile of S. lateriflora cultures changed under the influence of the applied strategies. Hairy roots of S. lateriflora were found to be a rich source of wogonoside or wogonin, depending on the treatment used. The addition of sodium cinnamate (1.0 mg/L) was the most effective approach to provide high production of flavonoids, especially wogonoside (4.41% dry weight /DW/; 566.78 mg/L). Permeabilization with DMSO (2 µg/ml for 12 h) or methanol (30% for 12 h) resulted in high biosynthesis of wogonin (299.77 mg/L and 274.03 mg/L, respectively). The obtained results provide new insight into the selection of the optimal growth conditions for the production of in vitro biomass with a significant level of flavone accumulation. The data may be valuable for designing large-scale cultivation systems of hairy roots of S. lateriflora with high productivity of bioactive compounds – wogonin or wogonoside.
A disposable optofluidic micro-transmission cell with tailorable length for Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of biological fluids
Authors: Othman Ahmed M. , Sabry Yasser M. , Khalil Diaa , Saadany Bassam , Bourouina Tarik
Published: November 2023

A disposable micro-transmission liquid cell is constructed by assembling two silicon pieces and adding to the analyte monodisperse microscale particles acting as a spacer. It can tailor the optical path length, allowing optimum analyte measurement.
Toxicity assessment of nano-sized MAX phases: considerations for safe-by-design approaches
Authors: Jeong Jaeseong , Bae Su-Yong , Lee Jinho , Kwon Suh-young , Lee Ju Han , Choi Jinhee
Published: November 2023

Toxicity of two nano-sized MAX phases, Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2 were investigated to provide fundamental data for implementing the safe-by-design (SbD) approach.
Host–guest cooperative bridged bicyclopolyynic (BBP) open-molecular cages with optical-switching properties
Authors: Sangolkar Akanksha Ashok , Kadiyam Rama Krishna , Pawar Ravinder
Published: November 2023

A cyclo[18]carbon inspired open-polyynic cages promote host–guest interactions. The complex exhibits optical switching behaviour regulated by reversible transformation between endohedral and exohedral configurations.
Folding mass spectra: how to deal with the signal to noise dilemma
Authors: Junkers Tanja , Abeysekera Iyomali
Published: November 2023

The periodic information stored in polymer mass spectra is used to increase the S/N ratio of spectra by a folding procedure.
A multifunctional organophosphonic ligand-templated poly(polyoxotungstate) with potential in building a genosensor for thalassemia gene detection
Authors: Zhang Wenshu , Wang Zixu , Cao Mengya , Wang Dan , Chen Lijuan , Zhao Junwei
Published: November 2023

An organophosphonic ligand-templated PV–SbIII double-heteroatom-intercalated polyoxotungstate 1 was synthesized and the ability of the 1-based genosensor to detect the β-thalassemia gene was evaluated.