bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multimodal piezoelectric energy harvesting on a thin plate integrated with SSHI circuit: an analytical and experimental study
Authors: Hoseyni Seyed Morteza , Simsek Mehmet , Aghakhani Amirreza , Lefeuvre Elie , Basdogan Ipek
Published: July 2023

Multimodal piezoelectric energy harvesting can be achieved by integrating piezo-patch harvesters into plate-like structures available in marine, aerospace, and automotive applications. A synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (SSHI) interface as the harvesting circuit has been well studied for cantilever beams, considering the single vibration mode of the structure. However, integrating a two-dimensional electromechanical structure with a SSHI circuit for multimodal energy harvesting is missing in the literature. This paper evaluates the performance of the SSHI interface integrated with a piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) on a plate-like host structure. The analytical solution is developed based on an equivalent impedance approach to predict the steady-state electrical response of the harvester as a closed-form solution. The experiments are conducted to validate the analytical solution for the system’s first and second vibration modes. The experimental results reveal that integration of SSHI to a plate-like harvester introduces a multi-switching behavior rather than a standard single-switching behavior. Due to the multimodal vibrational characteristics of the plate, the circuit switch is triggered several times at each half period of the vibration, which increases the energy dissipation of the circuit and thus reduces the output voltage. On the other hand, single switching at each half period of the vibration happens for lower piezoelectric voltage levels. This is the desired behavior of the SSHI circuit where the analytical prediction matches with the experimental data. Finally, the energy harvesting performance of the SSHI circuit is compared against the standard rectifier, showing 183% and 134% power output enhancement for the first and second vibration modes, respectively.
Properties of superconducting MgB2 spherical shells deposited on 2 mm and 1 mm diameter Si3N4 spheres
Authors: Xu Tie-Quan , Sun Rui-Ning , Zhao Jia-Xin , Wang Yue , Wang Fu-Ren , Gan Zi-Zhao
Published: July 2023

Superconducting spherical shells may not only provide an appealing platform for exploring superconductivity in three-dimensional (3D) geometries with curved surfaces, but also be practically applied in important fields, such as in gyroscopes and gravimeters. In inertial confinement fusion (ICF), the perturbation on the target capsule caused by traditional contact support methods is recognized as one of the major contributors to performance degradation in ICF implosions. It was proposed recently that coating the capsule with a thin superconducting MgB2 spherical shell to realize non-contact support by means of magnetic levitation at the required temperatures

∼

20

K might offer a promising solution to this longstanding problem. To simulate the coating of ICF capsules, we deposited MgB2 spherical shells onto polycrystalline Si3N4 spheres (diameter d = 2 mm and 1 mm) via a hybrid physical–chemical vapour deposition technique. For both diameters, the spherical shells, of about 1 µm in thickness and covering the whole spheres completely, were polycrystalline with thin plate-shaped MgB2 crystallites oriented randomly and closely connected. The spherical shells exhibited superconducting transition at a zero resistance temperature

T

c

z
e
r
o

of 38.5–39.4 K in four-probe resistance measurements and ideal diamagnetism at low temperatures in magnetization measurements, suggesting the good crystallinity and homogeneity of the shells. The upper critical field

H

c
2

, the irreversibility field

H

i
r
r

and the lower critical field

H

c
1

were characterized and showed similar magnitudes and temperature dependencies for the d = 2 mm and 1 mm shells, yielding

H

i
r
r

of 7–8 T and

H

c
1

of 7–12 mT at 20 K. The superconducting critical current density

J

c

values, evaluated from the magnetization hysteresis loops, were

1.8
×

10
6

A cm−2 and

8.5
×

10
4

A cm−2 at 20 K under zero and 2 T applied field, respectively, for the d = 1 mm shell. The occurrence of small flux jumps was observed at low temperatures up to 12 K and in low fields below 0.3 T. The results demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating MgB2 spherical shells with properties applicable to potential areas employing magnetic levitation such as in ICF and that MgB2 spherical shells may be exploited as an experimental system to study superconductivity in 3D curvilinear geometry.
Einstein beams and the diffractive aspect of gravitationally-lensed light
Authors: Rodríguez-Fajardo V , Nguyen T P , Hocek K S , Freedman J M , Galvez E J
Published: July 2023

The study of light lensed by cosmic matter has yielded much information about astrophysical questions. Observations are explained using geometrical optics following a ray-based description of light. After deflection the lensed light interferes, but observing this diffractive aspect of gravitational lensing has not been possible due to coherency challenges caused by the finite size of the sources or lack of near-perfect alignment. In this article, we report on the observation of these wave effects of gravitational lensing by recreating the lensing conditions in the laboratory via electro-optic deflection of coherent laser light. The lensed light produces a beam containing regularities, caustics, and chromatic modulations of intensity that depend on the symmetry and structure of the lensing object. We were also able to observe previous and new geometric-optical lensing situations that can be compared to astrophysical observations. This platform could be a useful tool for testing numerical/analytical simulations, and for performing analog simulations of lensing situations when they are difficult to obtain otherwise. We found that laboratory lensed beams constitute a new class of beams, with long-range, low expansion, and self-healing properties, opening new possibilities for non-astrophysical applications.
The Landau-level structure of a single polaron in a nanorod under a non-uniform magnetic field
Authors: Ou Tian-Ji , An Ran , Zhang Wei , Han Shuang , Sun Yong , Rastegar-Sedehi Hamid-Reza , Ma Xin-Jun , Xiao Jing-Lin
Published: July 2023

Nanorod is a unique low-dimensional nanometer structure in which the Landau level arrangement of polaron is essential for understanding its quasiparticle system. However, the stability of the polaron level is susceptible to external factors, such as changing magnetic fields. In this manuscript, the Pekar variational method is employed to calculate the external magnetic field’s effect on the nanorod’s polaron Landau level. It was found that different magnetic fields have different effects on the polaron energy levels of the nanorod, which demonstrated that the external environment had critical effects on the polaron energy levels. This study provides a theoretical basis for regulating the interaction between electrons and phonons in low-dimensional nanomaterials.
SMEFT is falsifiable through multi-Higgs measurements (even in the absence of new light particles)
Authors: Gómez-Ambrosio Raquel , Llanes-Estrada Felipe J , Salas-Bernárdez Alexandre , Sanz-Cillero Juan J
Published: July 2023

By embedding the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT) in the more general Higgs effective field theory (HEFT), we expose correlations among the coefficients of the latter that, if found to be violated in future data, would lead to the experimental falsification of the SMEFT framework. These are derived from the necessary symmetric point of HEFT and analyticity of the SMEFT Lagrangian that allows the construction of the SMEFT expansion, as laid out by other groups, and properties at that point of the Higgs-flare function


(
h
)

coupling Goldstone and Higgs bosons, of the Higgs potential V(h) and of the Higgs-top quark coupling function


(
h
)

.
Slow solar wind modeling of the Metis/Solar Orbiter – Parker Solar Probe quadrature
Authors: Adhikari L , Zank G P , Telloni D , Zhao L -L , Pitna A
Published: July 2023

In January 2021, Metis/SolO and PSP formed a quadrature from which the slow solar wind was able to be measured from the extended solar corona (3.5 – 6.3 R⊙) to the very inner heliosphere (23.2 R⊙). Metis/SolO remotely measured the coronal solar wind, finding a speed of 96 – 201 kms−1, and PSP measured the solar wind in situ, finding a speed of 219.34 kms−1. Similarly, the normalized cross-helicity and the normalized residual energy measured by PSP are 0.96 and -0.07. In this manuscript, we study the evolution of the proton entropy and the turbulence cascade rate of the outward Elsässer energy during this quadrature. We also study the relationship between solar wind speed, density and temperature, and their relationship with the turbulence energy, the turbulence cascade rate, and the solar wind proton entropy. We compare the theoretical results with the observed results measured by Metis/SolO and PSP.
Longitudinal parameters measurement at BEPC II storage rings
Authors: Zhu D.C. , Zhang W. , Wang J.Q. , Geng H.P. , Ma H.Z. , Yue J.H. , Cao J.S. , Sui Y.F.
Published: July 2023

A new upgrade to BEPC II has been deployed to improve the
luminosity and maximum energy. After the upgrade, the maximum beam
energy will reach to 2.8 GeV, and the optimized luminosity at
2.35 GeV will be tripled through squeezing the bunch length and the
vertical beta function at the interaction point
β
y
*. Therefore, one more RF cavity will be added to each
ring to increase the RF voltage to 3.3 MV. In order to study the
feasibility of this upgrade and the longitudinal beam
characteristics after the upgrade, some beam-based experiments were
carried out at the electron and positron rings of BEPC II. Bunch
length and its variation with RF gap voltage are measured, shows
that it can be squeezed by approximately 30% at 3.3 MV compared to
the normal 1.65 MV operation voltage. Bunch synchronous phases at
different RF voltages are also obtained by fitting the variation of
bunch centroid with RF voltage at low current. The longitudinal
broadband coupling impedance is measured with streak camera, real
part impedance is obtained from synchronous phase shift with
current, and the imaginary part from bunch lengthening with
current. Energy loss per turn at 2.474 GeV is 363.2 ± 14.5 keV
by measuring synchrotron tune varies with RF voltages.
Effect of B/Si molar ratio on the structure and properties of borosilicate bioactive glasses assessed using molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Qin Muyan , Li Limei , Ding Jingxin , Huang Chao , Wang Deping
Published: July 2023

Due to the improvement and innovation of theoretical methods and the increasing enhancement of high performance computing, computer simulations provide a new method and strategy for optimizing complex composition of novel bioactive glass. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations were used to analyze the effect of B/Si molar ratio on the structure of borosilicate bioactive glass (BBG) and to investigate the effect of structural alterations on its ions release and biological effects. Structural descriptor a theoretical structural descriptor that estimates the overall strength of the glass network (F
net) was calculated from the simulated data, and the linear relationships of F
net with B and Mg releasing rate in deionized water and simulated body fluid were built. In vitro mineralization experiments showed that all three BBGs could generate hydroxyapatite and the release of some network modifier ions such as Mg would be regulated by the B/Si ratio. In vitro cellular experiments revealed that the BBG sample with a composition of 1.25B (6Na2O–8K2O–8MgO–22CaO–22.5B2O3–2P2O5–31.5SiO2) promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and significantly enhanced the expression of osteogenesis-related genes such as osteopontin, which might be related to the release of Mg at an early stage.
Evaluate the population development of green leafhopper as a tungro vector in the endemic area from long-term data
Authors: Senoaji Wasis , Ibrahim Elisurya , Rosida Nur , Heru Praptana R
Published: July 2023

The epidemiological aspect including monitoring is a critical component of implementing an early warning system. The tungro epidemic in rice is influenced by the population dynamics of the green leafhopper vector. Likewise, rainfall and biotic factors affect the abundance of green leafhopper vectors. Long-term data are essential to explain that mechanism, so population predictions on a seasonal scale can be obtained accurately. This paper analyses weekly data on catching green leafhoppers and other arthropods in a continuous cropping system from 2013-2019. We utilize the climatic data gathered to assess the impact of climatic conditions on population dynamics. To improve the additive and homoscedasticity of the time series, we transform the data. The data are fitted in a linear model. The results showed that the green leafhopper population affected the incidence of tungro in the field. From January to December, the population dynamics of the green leafhopper can be characterized. It can assist in monthly population forecasting for the following years. Exogenous and endogenous variables, however, still need to be studied more comprehensively to identify any other predictive components that should be incorporated.
Chemical Compounds and Effectivity of Eucalyptus grandis Oil Against Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Maulidya Aulia , Rismayani  , Suharto  , Wiratno  , Rizal Molide , Mardiningsih Tri Lestari , Iriani Evi Savitri , Noveriza Rita
Published: July 2023

Indonesia has a lot of aromatic plants that can be distilled to obtain the essential oil. These essential oils can be used for primary component of botanical pesticides due to some components avoided by insect. The study aimed to define the component of Eucalyptus grandis and its potential to control the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae. The formula of essential oil E. grandis with different concentrations including: 0,25%; 0,5%; 1%; 1,5%; 2%; and control were used to see the mortality of S. oryzae. The result shows that according to the Gas Chromatographic-Mass spectral (GCMS), the E. grandis contains Eucalyptol 46,86%, with the great mortality value of S. oryzae after 96 hours application was 75% at 2% concentration. Thus, the concentration of 1,88 μl/ml of E. grandis was effective to kill 50% of S. Oryzae on day 1. Meanwhile, the concentration of 17,29 μl/ml was effective to kill 95% S. oryzae on day 1. E. grandis contains the most Eucalyptol which tends to be repellent for insects. This suggests that E. grandis could be used as an insecticide alternative to control S. oryzae.
Effect of botanical insecticide application on the population of brown planthopper and its natural enemies and the growth and production of rice plants
Authors: Rismayani  , Trisawa I M , Jufri A , Syakir M , Wiratno
Published: July 2023

Brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stall) is one of the most dangerous rice pests in Southeast Asia, therefor the population in the plantation must be controlled. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the botanical insecticide formulations in controlling brown planthopper attacks, the presence of natural enemies and their impact on the growth and production of rice plants. The study was conducted in the laboratory and the field. Screen house research was conducted in Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute by testing the botanical insecticide formulation at five concentrations, namely; 0, 0.5, 2.5, 4.5, and 6.5 cc/l, and repeated five times. The results showed that at a concentration of 4.5cc/l, the insecticide was able to cause 97% mortality of the insects. This concentration was then used for spray application in the screen house which showed a more significant number of productive tillers, grain per bunch, and weight of 1000 grains than the control treatment, and about 25% higher in plant production. The Results of the field study conducted in Indramayu District showed that the botanical insecticide was able to suppress the population of N. lugens, but it was safe for natural enemies. The production of plants sprayed with botanical insecticides was 16.39% higher than the control treatment. This indicated that the botanical insecticide tested can be able to suppress the population of N. lugens, but was also safe against natural enemies and increase rice production.
Current Infestation Status and Damage Severity of Eucalyptus Gall Wasps, Leptocybe invasa (Fisher & La Salle), and Ophelimus maskelli Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Infesting Eucalyptus Germplasms in Tanzania
Authors: Lazaro J , Pudjianto  , Harahap I S
Published: July 2023

Eucalypts spp., are the most popular hardwood timber species in the world, indigenous to Australia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Timor, and New Guinea. Distribution is attributable to their exceptionally high ability to adapt to diverse ecological conditions and the substantially varying products and services they offer. Leptocybe invasa and Ophelimus maskelli are serious pests causing damage to eucalypt plantations in Tanzania. Due to limited knowledge and literature, a study assessed the infestation status and damages of two gall inducers on three government plantations, namely Korogwe, North Ruvu, and Morogoro forests planted with several Eucalypt species, including E. tereticornis and hybrids of E. grandis x E. camadulensis, from October 2021 to April 2022, through assessments of percentage of infested leaves in three crown parts, the association between stand elevations and the infestation magnitude and damage index. Microsoft Excel and Minitab 19 statistical software were used to analyze the data. Results showed positive correlations between wasp infestations and stand altitude among eucalypt germplasms. Clonal hybrids were more infested. The middle crown part was highly infested, followed by the lower crown part at p= 0.880 and p= 0.641 respectively. L.invasa had a higher invasive capacity than O. maskelli. Control efforts should focus on biological control and greenhouse-gall screening to get resistant genotypes. Nevertheless, mass trapping using a yellow sticky trap and a cattle stable can be used for monitoring the pest population immediately.
Survey of diseases affecting tropical fruit trees in Central Panay Island, Philippines
Authors: Leonida Belinda G. , Laspiñas Noemi G. , Gabinete Greta G.
Published: July 2023

The study aimed to determine the diseases infecting the foliage and stems of tropical fruit trees such as durian (Durio zibethinus L.), langsat (Lansium domesticum), mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), pomelo (Citrus maxima), and rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.), the species most affected, resistant and susceptible species. The study was conducted at the DBP Forest within the school reservation of the West Visayas State University-College of Agriculture and Forestry, Lambunao, Iloilo, Panay Island, Philippines. The data gathered were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics. There were eleven evident foliage diseases infecting the fruit trees, including anthracnose, chlorosis, curling, leaf blight, leaf rust, leaf spot, mosaic, powdery mildew, tar spot, shot hole, and sooty molds were recorded. The shot hole disease was observed in five species of fruit trees, while chlorosis infected only pomelo. The powdery mildew was found to have the highest percentage of foliage infection, and the least was chlorosis. There were three kinds of disease infecting the stems that were evident during the time of the survey, including canker, stem rust, and dieback. Three of the five species of fruit trees surveyed were associated with stem diseases, including durian, mangosteen, and pomelo. Moreover, it was found that the rambutan and mangosteen were the most susceptible species infected by foliage diseases and durian for stem diseases.
Detection and Identification of Fungal Plant Associated Diseases on Begonia
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Siregar Hartutiningsih-M. , Yulinery Titin , Wulandari Nilam Fadmaulidha
Published: July 2023

Begonia species is one of the ornamental plants that have unique leaf appearance and metabolites. Research objectives are to isolate, identify and preserve microfungi on Begonia spp. Purposive sampling methods at the Begonia greenhouse of Bogor Botanical Garden, Bogor, were used to collect the microfungi in August 2022. Seven species of Begonia were checked for microfungi. Namely, Begonia blirik, B. crested, B. fiandani, B. natunaensis, and Begonia spp. Morphological character showed that microfungi found are Botrytis spp., Colletotrichum spp. and sterilia miselia. The edaphic environment data were also monitored. This is the first study of microfungi diversity on Begonia spp. in Indonesia. The microfungi will be illustrated and described in this paper.
Runner production of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) production under greenhouse and open field conditions in Misamis Oriental, Philippines
Authors: Taylaran R D , Gonzaga A B , Lantud J M M , Silverio B G S
Published: July 2023

Strawberry is a high-value crop grown in areas with cooler temperatures. It is rich in phytonutrients and flavonoids. Strawberry is usually planted using runners. A study was conducted to evaluate the potential of three strawberry varieties (San Andreas, Valiant, Jewel) grown inside the greenhouse and open field conditions at the research area of the University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines - Claveria. The studies in both growing conditions were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. Jewel variety produced significantly a greater number of runners than other varieties. However, the San Andreas variety showed a significantly higher value of relative chlorophyll content of the leaves throughout the study. San Andreas also revealed the lowest pest and disease severity rating among varieties. The highest return on expenses based on runners produced was obtained in the Jewel variety and closely followed by the Valiant variety while San Andreas had the lowest. With these, strawberry runners’ production alone can be a good source of income for strawberry production. The maintenance of higher relative chlorophyll content and the lowest pest and disease severity rating in the San Andreas variety could be a potential characteristic in improving the strawberry variety.
Correlation and path analysis of three elite clones of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Authors: Setiawan K , Paresta R , Hadi M S , Utomo S D , Karyanto A , Ardian
Published: July 2023

Waxy cassava having high amylopectin content could contribute and increase genetic background. Unfortunately, the genetic parameter information of three elite cassava clones as Waxy, UJ-5, and BW-1 is still limited. Consequently, the objective of this study was to evaluate leaf weight and yield by correlation and path analysis of three cassava clones. This study was conducted on the Integrated Field Lab of Lampung from December 2019 to October 2020. Treatment was arranged by a single factor in RCBD with two replications. There were three cassava genotype clones, as Waxy, UJ-5 (originally Kasetsart), and BW-1 (originally Huay Bong-60). Genetics parameters were analysed by using Minitab programs (Version 17). Variables observed were plant height (PH), total leaf number (TLN), tuber number (TN), tuber fresh weight (TFW), tuber dry weight (TDW), attached leaf dry weight (ALDW), stem dry weight (SDW), petiole dry weight (PDW), starch weight (SW), and harvest index (HI). These variables were observed and measured at 10 months after planting (MAP) on one tree. The results showed that attached leaf dry weight has direct effect of 1.16 on starch weight with correlation coefficient of 0.58. It was recommended to select a criterion for high yielding of elite clones based on high attached leaf dry weight.
Comparative study of maceration and steam distilation extraction methods of volatile organic compounds composition from female oil palm inflorescences
Authors: Lubis F I , Putra G I S , Mailisa I , Damayani C P , Agustin I , Taufiq  , Rahmah S
Published: July 2023

Secondary metabolites of oil palm have various potentials. Research on the secondary metabolite of oil palms inflorescences very limited. The purpose of this research is to compare the extraction method between maceration and steam distillation of oil palm female inflorescence’s volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The maceration used ethanolic for 5 × 24 hours, then concentrated with a rotary evaporator. Steam distillation was carried out at a temperature of >80 °C for 4 hours. The extraction results were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mas Spectrometry (GC-MS). VOCs found from maceration are less than steam distillation, with a 1:12 ratio. Estragole compound was found in both methods. However, steam distillation possesses more content.
Growth response of oil palm seedling from decanter cake application as fertiliser substitute in nursery
Authors: Rahman Abdullah Abdul , Hasbullah Nur Aainaa , Jalloh Mohamadu Boyie
Published: July 2023

Sustainable waste management is essential to safeguard the environment and corporate interests. Stringent regulations on quality of palm oil mill effluent (POME) discharge led to the introduction of more decanter machines, which increased output of dried POME solid namely oil palm decanter cake (OPDC). Therefore, a field experiment was planned to investigate how OPDC can be directly used as fertiliser for oil palm (OP) seedling to meet the needs of the plants. In polythene bags as planting media, topsoil was combined with OPDC at ratios of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 50%. This was followed by a reduction in inorganic fertiliser at levels of 25%, 50%, a predetermined nutrient deficiency input, and up to 100% for planting medium at a ratio of 50% OPDC to topsoil. Null hypothesis was tested by comparing vegetative development i.e., seedling’s girth, height, rachis length, frond production, petiole size and true leaf area at 3rd, 6th, and 9th month after planting (MAP). OP seedlings able to tolerate OPDC application up to 50% mixture ratio with topsoil from transplanting up to twelve months old of biological age. Growth response in treatments up to 50% and nil fertiliser input showed comparable results (P>0.005) against control in all parameters evaluated across three, six and nine months of growing period. Despite of full manuring input, OPDC application on OP seedlings has neither caused leaf phytotoxicity nor deficiency. In conclusion, OPDC can be applied directly to OP seedling as a fertiliser alternative with equal growth performance to standard method.
Characteristics of glyphosate adsorption with biochar from young coconut waste
Authors: Herviyanti  , Maulana A , Prasetyo T B , Lita A L , Harianti M , Monikasari M
Published: July 2023

Biochar is a carbon-rich by-product of biomass pyrolysis that can limit glyphosate mobility in soil using amelioration technology. Study of the basic principles of glyphosate adsorption behaviour in biochar from young coconut waste using the Kon-Tiki method at temperature (682°C), moisture content (81.27%), and yield ratio (20.87%) at the size of ≤2 mm. The absorption of glyphosate in biochar increased as glyphosate content rose, whereas pH declined. The capacity and adsorption coefficient of glyphosate by biochar from young coconut waste was 0.85 mg g-1 and 56.25 L Kg-1 at a pH of 8.03 and a concentration of 100 mg L-1 glyphosate. The adsorption isotherm of glyphosate occurs in the Freundlich and Langmuir models (Freundlich > Langmuir), wherein the Freundlich model (y = 1.8373x - 2.3971; R2 = 0.9771) with a value of n (0.54) and KF [0.004 (L mg-1)1/n], and the Langmuir model (y = - 17.066x + 251.58; R2 = 0.7239) with a value of Qm (0.06 mg g-1) and KL (0.07 L mg-1).
Composition of Macro and Micro Fertilizers in Zeoponics for Growing Variegated Ornamental Plants
Authors: Suwardi  , Randrikasari Octaviana , Dyah Tjahyandari S. , Oktariani Putri , Widjaja Hermanu
Published: July 2023

A suitable plant growth medium (PGM) is essential in cultivating ornamental plants, which are raised mainly for their high aesthetic value. For instance, variegated plants are hugely popular among ornamental plant lovers because they exhibit an array of leaf pattern, forms, and colors. The problem, however, is that their unique colors and patterns likely change over time. In this regard, zeoponic PGM, made from zeolite mixed with other materials such as compost and cocopeat, and macro- and micronutrients offers a viable solution. Thus, this study aimed to find the appropriate kind and dosage of fertilizers making up the proper formulation of the PGM to support the desired growth and lasting appearance of variegated plants. Pot trials in the research greenhouse were conducted in a two factor, completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor was plant type - Epipremnum aureum variegata and Peperomia obtusifolia variegata. The second factor was a combination of kind and dosage of macro- and micronutrients those were added to the zeoponics. Plant growth and aestetic parameters were observed, and the chemical properties of the PGM were analyzed. The results showed that the best micro fertilizer and dosage for Epipremnum aureum variegata was Fe-EDTA 0.00096 g/l + Cu-EDTA 0.00067 g/l + Mn-EDTA 0.00269 g/l + Zn-EDTA 0.00167 g/l, while for Peperomia obtusifolia variegata, the best fertilizer dosage was Fe-EDTA 0.00038 g/l + Cu-EDTA 0.00027 g/l + Mn-EDTA 0.00108 g/l + Zn-EDTA 0.00067 g/l.
Traditional polyculture as a mangrove restoration solution in Delta Mahakam, East Kalimantan Indonesia
Authors: Hardi E H , Susmiyati H R , Diana R , Palupi N P , Agriandini M , Saptiani G , Asikin A N , Agustina
Published: July 2023

The Mahakam Delta is a large mangrove ecosystem in East Kalimantan with a precious ecosystem and a massive mangrove species. Because of the conversion to shrimp aquaculture, the mangrove ecosystem has been devastated. This study looks at shrimp pond management in Salo Palai, Muara Badak, Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan, using the traditional polyculture concept to increase pond productivity. The current shrimp pond condition was decreased water quality, substrate infertility, and natural food availability crisis. This model focused on traditional management, with a particular emphasis on pond preparation, polyculture, and used plant extracts. For 100 days, Penaeus monodon, Chanos chanos, Litopenaeus vannamei, Lates calcarifer, Scylla spp., and Gracilaria verrucosa were grown in the same time and pond. The yield from the pond was thrived: 332.14 kg/Ha. This concept can be used to restore mangroves, preserve the mangrove ecosystem, increase shrimp pond production, and protect the sea ecosystem; thus, this method achieves sustainable aquaculture.
Amplification of CHD-1 gene fragment in Z and W sex chromosomes of Cemani chicken using a different set of PCR primers
Authors: Pambuko Galih , Vanessa Rebecca , Prastowo Sigit
Published: July 2023

Cemani chicken is a local breed of Indonesian chicken known for its mystical appearance. Selecting sex earlier is essential for the breeding program to determine the population structure. Instead of using phenotype, sexing in birds can be done molecularly by employing the variation of the CHD-1 gene, which belongs to the Z chromosome. Five primers (pair), namely AVP2 and AVP8; CHD1F and CHD1R; AV1237L and AV1272H; CHDZ and CHDW, then AV2550F and AV2718R, were employed to amplify the CHD-1 gene in PCR reaction followed with electrophoresis analysis. Cemani chicken blood was collected from the Bracial vein, followed by DNA extraction. Two primers set, CHD1F and CHD1R, and AV2550F and AV2718R, were able to amplify the CHD-1 gene and distinguish the difference between male (ZZ) vs. female (ZW) chromosome by showing two clear DNA bands in the female source sample and one band in the male sample. Meanwhile, the AVP2 and AVP8, AV1237L, and AV1272H, only show one clear band in both female and male source samples, and no bands resulted from using CHDZ and CHDW primer. Two sets of primers were able to amplify the CHD-1 gene fragment using PCR and amplified for further molecular sex determination in Cemani chicken.
Pneumatic waste collection system - A proposed innovation for Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Campus, India
Authors: Kumar Akhilesh , Agrawal Avlokita
Published: July 2023

Solid Waste Management (SWM) is a challenging issue to be addressed in most of the urban centres in India. Heavy population densities and exponential growth of the cities’ boundaries, due to migration, create kiosks to the cities’ resources such as land and other amenities. In such cities, the unsegregated waste gets generated in huge quantities while the rest are dumped in landfill sites without any specific treatment. Centralised and holistic approaches are missing, as most of the waste-to-energy & waste treatment plants are either getting closed or not working to its fullest efficiency. The strategies for a decentralised collection system, segregation and treatment of waste are not usually standard practices. In spite of the global impacts being pretty visible due to global warming, a massive amount of plastic gets dumped into ocean, which reaches the human beings via food chain and results in the most number of incurable diseases like cancer. Further, it also results in rapid extinction of the indigenous species. Campuses are known as mini-city or autonomous urban centres for knowledge sharing and the development of innovations. The time is here to make the Indian campuses smatter in collecting and treating the waste on their premises. Hence, the pneumatic collection process of the garbage can play an essential role in making the campus, an advanced and a sustainable one. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a compact and a decentralised strategy to manage the waste in various urban centres. Also, a formalised informal sector of waste could be contributing to further recycling and processing of the garbage on the campus. The aim of the current research investigation is to identify various possibilities for making the campus, a smart one, in terms of waste management. Furthermore, the study also intends to find out how the compact, decentralised waste collection methods in urban can manage their solid waste in the limited available space. Making zero-waste campuses is a herculean task and a massive challenge must be dealt with immediately to help the cities achieve long-term sustainability.
Assessing the performance of façade-integrated transparent photovoltaic panels for daylight and energy generation in high rise buildings of hot & dry climate
Authors: Megnath Sindhya , Amalan Sigmund Kaushik S
Published: July 2023

Indian cities are witnessing a boom in the growth of high-rise buildings to accommodate the ever-intensifying population. The modern trend of applying glass on the façades of tall buildings holds a threat due to Indian climates. Though it allows the daylight, reduces the artificial lighting, and provides a good view, the heat gained through the glass façades increases a building’s energy consumption. Therefore, an innovative, advanced strategy is required that replaces the glass with alternatives which can potentially minimize the energy demands either by controlling the heat gain or producing the electricity by itself, to match the demand. Transparent photovoltaic facades can ideally solve this purpose, as it allows the daylight and are multi-functional in nature. It produces electricity and fulfils several other tasks of solar protection and glare protection. But, the presence of solar cells may cause undesirable shading or low illuminance levels; hence, it is important to comprehensively assess the daylight performance and also calculate its energy performance. The aim of the current research paper is to determine the effectiveness of integrating the transparent photovoltaic panels over window/glass façades of daytime-occupied high-rise buildings in a Hot & dry climate and the form configurations required to achieve a considerable amount of energy on-site, without affecting the quantity of daylight. In this study, the performance of the amorphous silicon (a-Si) PV window, with 26.7% visibility, was evaluated through simulation using Rhino+Honeybee software over different building sizes & aspect ratios. The results showed that there was a gradual decline in the energy intensity with increase in length and the energy intensity got increased with an increase in floor height. The form with a high aspect ratio had the highest EPI of 228kwh/m2/year. Further, the form with the least aspect ratio achieved a better daylight performance. The findings of this research are potentially valuable for building designers and decision-makers to foresee the behaviour pattern of BIPV facades in energy generation, while affirming a comfortable and luminous environment.
Development and optimization of kinetic façade system for the improvement of visual comfort in an office building at Gurugram, India
Authors: Sharma Robin , Kaushik Amalan Sigmund
Published: July 2023

In a built space, the visual comfort is an important factor. It depends on the exterior environmental conditions. In general, the daylight has a positive effect on the human behaviours and circadian rhythm. Also, the occupants with a great visual connect with outdoors achieve high productivity. The occupants tend to use shading devices based on the local conditions and not based on future weather conditions. In this background, the kinetic facades provide a higher degree of manipulation thus providing a defined control over the daylight. For this reason, the kinetic façade systems remain a potential element to significantly increase the visual comfort. The kinetic façade optimization studies in the composite climate of India can provide valuable feedbacks in improving such systems for providing visual comfort in the built environment. The focus of the study is to evaluate the performance of kinetic shading systems in terms of enhancing the visual comfort in a composite climate.
The impact of Musi floods along the catchment areas of Hyderabad-A study
Authors: Harini V
Published: July 2023

Urban floods threaten the functioning of many states across the country. Mumbai, the economic capital of India, gets affected in most of the monsoon seasons due to heavy rains. Likewise, the state of Kerala too witnessed heavy floods in the recent years. In this background, the current research paper is an attempt based on secondary data to focus on the impact of urban floods in the stretch of river Musi in Hyderabad. The Telangana region experienced heavy rains in October 2020 due to which a flash flood occurred in Hyderabad. This happened after 100 years while the river basin had settlements coming up in low laying or catchment areas. The people who were residing along the coastlines of the slums also got affected during the floods. Historically, river musi was a source of drinking water in that region. However, the scenario got completely changed due to overpopulation, uncontrolled migration and housing affordability in this region which led to devastation of the river basin. According to the (CSE)’s 71-city study, Hyderabad city discharges about 700-800 million litres per day of untreated sewerage water directly into Musi river. So, the drinking water for the entire city is brought from different places. The current research paper is an attempt to focus on the regional issues and determine the social cost and the livelihood along the Musi River stretch in Hyderabad region in a comprehensive manner. Pollution brings an unprecedented fall in agricultural yield and increases the input costs for agriculture like handlooms. It also affects the allied services like dairy, poultry, livestock, fishing, washing clothes, health hazard, unemployment etc. In order to avoid the urban floods in the future, the planning strategies need to be implemented to achieve sustainable development along the stretch of Musi through people’s participation and government intervention.
Assessing user satisfaction of urban parks for sustainable cities: A pilot study of two urban parks in Chennai, India
Authors: Amraotkar Sheetal , Gangopadhyay Devyani
Published: July 2023

Parks are significant potential spaces in the urban environment and it can provide multiple socio-ecological benefits, when appropriately planned, designed and managed. It presents a vital opportunity to enhance the sustainability in cities and it also improves the local quality of life by providing access to recreation and public health. To create more sustainable and liveable cities, it is essential to assess the performance of urban parks from the user’s perspective and understand their preferences. The aim of the current research article is to identify crucial parameters, their significance and assessment methods to achieve user satisfaction in an urban park setting. Critical analysis of literature forms the substratum for the identified parameters. These identified parameters are then used in the evaluation of two urban parks in Chennai, India through documentation and questionnaire survey. A user satisfaction survey based on the identified parameters and a user preference survey are included in the questionnaire. A grading method is developed based on the hierarchy of user’s satisfaction. The relationship between the park’s attributes and people’s satisfaction in urban parks was investigated in this study to ameliorate the overall performance of the parks. The study can be conducted in other cities too to aid the design professionals, urban decision-makers, landscape architects, and other stakeholders in evaluating the performance of the existing urban parks and assisting them in designing and setting up the urban parks from the users’ perspective so as to enhance more liveable communities.
Improving the efficiency of energy saving through the use of thermal energy
Authors: Guschin I A
Published: July 2023

The article analyzes the problem of energy saving in the context of organizational and technical measures. One of the energy saving factors is the use of waste heat of various potential. The advantages of using waste heat in the energy sector and the scope of their application are considered. Power plants for waste processing and their parameters are described. Examples of the creation of special energy devices for the chemical industry are given. The connection of internal (by-product) energy resources (IER) with technologies using melting furnaces is noted. The boundaries of the use of heat recovery boilers (HRB) in various industries are determined. The schemes of HRB application at the wastewater disposal site with quantitative and qualitative characteristics are given. A method for improving economizers using bimetallic pipes and heat exchangers is given. The use of batteries in the disposal and consumption of waste heat is justified. The ways of increasing the efficiency of compressed air systems and the features of using arc steelmaking furnaces to reduce energy consumption are considered. The comparison of local heat supply schemes with regenerative ones is carried out and the prospects for the development of these schemes are noted.
Application of mineral fertilizers and herbicides on winter wheat crops in the steppe zone of RSO-Alania
Authors: Tedeeva A A , Tedeeva V V
Published: July 2023

The article studies the effect of mineral fertilizers and herbicides on winter wheat crops. The purpose of our research was to study the harmfulness of weeds and to develop techniques for increasing yields through the use of herbicides. For the first time the studies aimed at developing methods to increase the yield and quality of grain were conducted in the conditions of the steppe zone on chestnut-carbonate soils. [1] The use of mineral fertilizers and herbicides is an urgent task of agricultural production. Weeds reduce the yield and quality of winter wheat due to the removal of nutrients from the soil. In 2019-2021 we conducted experiments in the bogharic conditions of the steppe zone of the Mozdoksky district of the RNO-Alania, in the Oktyabrsky scientific and production department. In the course of research, it was found that the use of the herbicide Gran Star (25g/ha) with the use of mineral fertilizers and without fertilizers ensured the death of weeds by 72.5-82.7%, when applying the herbicide Dialen Super (0.7 l/ha), the death of weeds was 60%, when applying mineral fertilizers N 90 P 90 K 90 – 62.7%. The dry mass of weed vegetation decreased by 61.4 – 86.6%, the increasing of yield, in the winter wheat variety Alekseich – 4.4 t/ha, the increase was 2.4 t/ha when applying the herbicide Gran Star (25g/ha) against the background with the introduction of mineral N 60 P 60 K 60, with an increase of N 90 P 90 K 90 the increase was 2.9 t/ha, with a yield of 4.8 t/ha. With an increase in the doses of mineral fertilizers N 90 P 90 K 90, a harvest of winter wheat grain was obtained – 4.7 t/ha for the Yumpa variety, and the increase was 2.8 t. When applying mineral fertilizers together with herbicides, the quality indicators of grain also increase.
Quality evaluation of lawn grasses turf in the urbanized territories of the Southern Ural
Authors: Zybalov V S , Khalupo O I
Published: July 2023

The paper presents the research materials devoted to studying the mixtures of lawn grasses when creating a recreational zone in the urbanized territory of the Chelyabinsk region. We considered the possibility of creating the qualitative indicators of perennial grasses turf by improving their cultivation technology. The article deals with testing soil properties and improving the technology of growing perennial grasses, and quality evaluation of turf in the urbanized territories of the South Ural. The paper aims to (1) conduct the analysis based on the use of grasses for landscaping lawns, (2) determine the types of grasses that are most in demand for the infrastructure development of urbanized areas at present and to identify their biological characteristics, (3) select soil samples according to the variants of the experiment and to carry out their agrochemical analysis, (4) study the types of grasses, their nutritional requirements, watering rate, mowing periods by phases of organogenesis, and (5) examine the turf quality of perennial grasses mixture and to evaluate them according to the variants of experiments, (6) identify the seed mixture of two different species (bent grass + fescue with bluegrass + fescue).
The effect of slow-release coated fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat
Authors: Lapushkin V M , Lapushkina A A , Igraliev F G , Torshin S P , Volkova M A
Published: July 2023

The article presents the results of a study of NPK and NPS fertilizers effectiveness, as well as urea, on the granules surface of which a coating based on monocalcium phosphate with a thickness of 100 microns was applied. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers provided an increase in the yield of spring wheat grain by 31-46%, while the yield when using coated fertilizers was 9-10% higher compared to conventional fertilizers. The shell of the granules contributed to a more complete use of nutrients by plants, and the nitrogen use efficiency increased from 40-49% to 47-59%.