bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-Cost Flexible Strain Sensor Based on Thick CVD Graphene
Authors: Chen Bailiang , Liu Ying , Wang Guishan , Cheng Xianzhe , Liu Guanjun , Qiu Jing , Lv Kehong
Published: October 2018

Flexible strain sensors, as the core member of the family of smart electronic devices, along with reasonable sensing range and sensitivity plus low cost, have rose a huge consumer market and also immense interests in fundamental studies and technological applications, especially in the field of biomimetic robots movement detection and human health condition monitoring. In this paper, we propose a new flexible strain sensor based on thick CVD graphene film and its low-cost fabrication strategy by using the commercial adhesive tape as flexible substrate. The tensile tests in a strain range of [Formula: see text]30% were implemented, and a gage factor of 30 was achieved under high strain condition. The optical microscopic observation with different strains showed the evolution of cracks in graphene film. Together with commonly used platelet overlap theory and percolation network theory for sensor resistance modeling, we established an overlap destructive resistance model to analyze the sensing mechanism of our devices, which fitted the experimental data very well. The finding of difference of fitting parameters in small and large strain ranges revealed the multiple stage feature of graphene crack evolution. The resistance fallback phenomenon due to the viscoelasticity of flexible substrate was analyzed. Our flexible strain sensor with low cost and simple fabrication process exhibits great potential for commercial applications.
Assembly of Magnetic Nano-Fe3O4@GSH-Au NCs Core–Shell Microspheres for the Visualization of Latent Fingerprints
Authors: Huang Rui , Tang Tingting
Published: October 2018

Glutathione (GSH), the protective agent and reducing agent, has been widely used to prepare gold nanoclusters (GSH-Au NCs) with stable fluorescence properties and negative charge of the surface. Meanwhile, polyethyleneimine (PEI) was used as the modification agent to synthesize magnetic ferroferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) with fantastic dispersibility and positive charge of the surface. Based on the electrostatic adsorption force, magnetic nano-Fe3O4@GSH-Au NCs core–shell microspheres composed of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles modified by PEI as the core and GSH-Au NCs as the shell were assembled. The prepared Fe3O4@GSH-Au NCs microspheres harbored a uniform size (88.6[Formula: see text]nm), high magnetization (29.2[Formula: see text]emu/g) and excellent fluorescence. Due to the coordination bond action between Au atom and sulfhydryl (–SH), amino (–NH2), carboxyl (–COOH) in sweat, Fe3O4@GSH-Au NCs could combine with latent fingerprints. In addition, Fe3O4@GSH-Au NCs with good fluorescence and magnetism could detect fingerprints on various objects. Significantly, the powders were not easy to suspend in the air, which avoided the damage to the health of forensic experts and the fingerprints by only powder contacting. Above all, Fe3O4@GSH-Au NCs was successfully applied to the latent fingerprint visualization, which has great potential in forensic science.
Low Power Switching Characteristics of CNT Field Effect Transistor Device with Al-Doped ZrHfO2 Gate Dielectric
Authors: Oh Seyoung , Lee Seung Won , Kim Dongjun , Choi Jeong-Hun , Chae Hong-Chul , Choi Sung Mook , Ahn Ji-Hoon , Cho Byungjin
Published: October 2018

In this report, we demonstrated a reliable switching effect of carbon nanotube (CNT) field-effect transistor (FET) devices integrated with 99% semiconducting CNT as a channel and high-k oxide as the dielectric. CNT FET devices with high-k oxides of Al-ZrHfO2 and Al2O3 were electrically characterized and compared. There was no considerable hysteresis in the Al2O3-based CNT FET device. The Al-ZrHfO2 with a tetragonal phase-based high dielectric constant (~47), designed by an atomic layer deposition process, showed a reliable switching effect as well as low operation voltage (<±3 V). Charge trapping/detrapping process via oxygen vacancy-related defects of Al-ZrHfO2 was proposed as a primary mechanism to explain a current change of a counterclockwise direction and threshold voltage (Vth) shift for transfer properties. The suggested charge trapping model within bulk oxide was experimentally proven since the hysteresis from the adsorption/desorption of gas molecules to CNT surface was negligible. Endurance characteristics of the CNT switching devices remained stable without any serious current fluctuation during a repetitive cycling test. The memory device with reliable switching properties as well as low operation power would pave a road toward next-generation memory components of portable electronic gadgets.
Simulation and Experimental Study on Properties of Ag/SnO2 Contact Materials Doped with Different Ratios of Ce
Authors: Wang Jingqin , Zhang Ying , Kang Huiling
Published: October 2018

SnO2 in the Ag/SnO2 contact material is a kind of high hardness and almost insulated wide bandgap semiconductor material. In the process of use, the contact resistance is larger and the temperature rise is higher, which reduces the reliability of contacts and shortens the electrical life. In order to improve the properties of Ag/SnO2 contact materials, based on the first principle of density functional theory, this paper presents a method of doping SnO2 with the calculation of different proportions of rare earth Ce electrical and mechanical properties. The results of energy band, density of state, and elastic constant show that when the doping ratio of Ce is 0.125, the electron mobility is the highest, the conductivity is the best; the hardness decreases, and the universal elastic anisotropy index is the smallest. Finally, in the experiment, SnO2 powders with different doping ratios are prepared by the sol‐gel method, and Ag/SnO2 contacts with different doping proportions are prepared by powder metallurgy. Arc energy, contact resistance, and hardness are measured; scanning electron microscopy was used to observe and analyze the surface morphology. The final simulation and experimental results are well matched.
Bushenhuoxue Formula Facilitates Articular Cartilage Repair and Attenuates Matrix Degradation by Activation of TGF‐β Signaling Pathway
Authors: Dong Rui , Ying Jun , Xu Taotao , Hu Songfeng , Zhang Peng , Xia Chenjie , Fang Liang , Jin Hongting , Wang Pinger
Published: October 2018

Objective. To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of Bushenhuoxue (BSHX) formula on articular cartilage repair. Methods. Twenty‐four full‐thickness cartilage defect rats were divided into two groups: model group and BSHX group (treated with BSHX formula). Macroscopic observation and histopathological study were conducted after 4‐ and 8‐week treatment. Additionally, we also evaluated chondrocyte proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, cartilage degradation, and chondrocyte hypertrophy‐related genes expression in chondrogenic ATDC5 cells cultured in BSHX formula‐mediated serum. Moreover, we assessed aforementioned genes expression and pSMAD2/3 protein level in Tgfβr2 siRNA transfected chondrogenic ATDC5 cells in order to address whether BSHX formula exerts cartilage repairing effect through TGF‐β signaling. Results. Neocartilage regeneration promotion effect was observed in cartilage defect rats after BSHX formula treatment, with increases in Col2 and pSMAD2 and decreases in Mmp13 and Runx2. Moreover, cell proliferation, the elevated Col2a1, Aggrecan and pSMAD2/3, reduced Mmp13, Adamts5, Col10a1, and Runx2 expression were also observed in chondrogenic ATDC5 cells cultured in BSHX formula‐mediated serum. Besides, the expression alteration of ECM deposition, cartilage degradation, chondrocyte hypertrophy‐related genes, and pSMAD2/3 protein levels presented in Tgfβr2 downregulated chondrogenic ATDC5 cells couldn’t be adjusted by BSHX formula treatment. Conclusion. By activation of TGF‐β signaling, BSHX formula can promote articular cartilage repair by accelerating chondrocyte proliferation and maintaining chondrocyte phenotype, upregulate ECM accumulation, and inhibit matrix degradation.
Hydrological Layered Dialysis Research on Supply Chain Financial Risk Prediction under Big Data Scenario
Authors: Liu Jia , Li Shiyong , Zhu Xiaoxia
Published: October 2018

In recent years, internet development provides new channels and opportunities for small- and middle-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) financing. Supply chain finance is a hot topic in theoretical and practical circles. Financial institutions transform materialized capital flows into online data under big data scenario, which provides networked, precise, and computerized financial services for SMEs in the supply chain. By drawing on the risk management theory in economics and the distributed hydrological model in hydrology, this paper presents a supply chain financial risk prediction method under big data. First, we build a “hydrological database” used for the risk analysis of supply chain financing under big data. Second, we construct the risk identification models of “water circle model,” “surface runoff model,” and “underground runoff model” and carry on the risk prediction from the overall level (water circle). Finally, we launch the supply chain financial risk analysis from breadth level (surface runoff) and depth level (underground runoff); moreover, we integrate the analysis results and make financial decisions. The results can enrich the research on risk management of supply chain finance and provide feasible and effective risk prediction methods and suggestions for financial institutions.
Pulmonary Intravascular B-Cell Lymphoma with Angiotropism/Angioinvasion Mimicking Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Dilemma and Potential Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Matea Florentina , Alowami Salem , Bonert Michael , Sur Monalisa , Shargall Yaron , Naqvi Asghar H.
Published: October 2018

Intravascular large B cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare type of extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Patients typically present with nonspecific findings, particularly bizarre neurologic symptoms, fever, and skin lesions. IVLBCL with primary lung presentation is very rare and difficult to diagnose. The authors report a case of a 75-year-old male who presented with neurological symptoms and showed diffuse pulmonary ground glass opacities on computed tomography scan (CT scan). Surgical lung biopsy was performed. Light microscopic examination of the specimen showed diffuse alveolar septal widening caused by neoplastic lymphocytes, which were positive for CD20. These atypical lymphoid cells also demonstrated angiotropism/angioinvasion of the medium sized pulmonary vessels. The patient was diagnosed with IVLBCL and underwent chemotherapy. The patient is still alive 12 months after diagnosis.
Vertebral Osteomyelitis Secondary to Pneumococcal Infection
Authors: Gandrapu Bindu , Sundar Preeyanka , Aucoin Paula
Published: October 2018

Vertebral osteomyelitis secondary to pneumococcal infection is an uncommon condition caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Fever, back pain, and raised ESR are common features in the clinical setting. We report a 62-year-old female patient who presented with an unusual presentation. Later on, vertebral osteomyelitis secondary to pneumococcal infection was confirmed at T8, 9 by CT scan, MRI, and cytology. The patient was treated successfully with high-dose ceftriaxone.
Localization Algorithm Based on Iterative Centroid Estimation for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Jiang Rui , Wang Xin , Zhang Li
Published: October 2018

According to the application of range-free localization technology for wireless sensor networks (WSNs), an improved localization algorithm based on iterative centroid estimation is proposed in this paper. With this methodology, the centroid coordinate of the space enclosed by connected anchor nodes and the received signal strength indication (RSSI) between the unknown node and the centroid are calculated. Then, the centroid is used as a virtual anchor node. It is proven that there is at least one connected anchor node whose distance from the unknown node must be farther than the virtual anchor node. Hence, in order to reduce the space enclosed by connected anchor nodes and improve the location precision, the anchor node with the weakest RSSI is replaced by this virtual anchor node. By applying this procedure repeatedly, the localization algorithm can achieve a good accuracy. Observing from the simulation results, the proposed algorithm has strong robustness and can achieve an ideal performance of localization precision and coverage.
Experimental Target Tracking Using Asynchronous Sensors
Authors: Lu Zhihua , Zhu Mengyao , Ye Qingwei , Zhou Yu , Xie Lingfu
Published: October 2018

We investigate the problem of target tracking using a wireless sensor network with asynchronous sensors. To study the impact of sensor clock imperfection on target tracking in practical situations, we build a testbed and collect data from an outdoor experiment. After analyzing the collected data, we find that the TDOA (time‐difference‐of‐arrival) and FDOA (frequency‐difference‐of‐arrival) measurements have notable bias, which is caused by asynchronous sensors or more precisely by the sensor clock drift. Based on the model of clock drift, the measurement bias and the target position are integrated into a state‐space model. Both can be estimated in the framework of the extend Kalman filter. In some circumstance, the target trajectory is tracked successfully.
Dry Gangrene in Children with Typhoid Intestinal Perforation: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Anyanwu Lofty-John C. , Mohammad Aminu M. , Abdullahi Lawal B. , Ibrahim Mustapha U. , Farinyaro Aliyu U. , Aliyu Mohammed S. , Obaro Stephen K.
Published: October 2018

Intestinal perforation is a life-threatening complication of typhoid fever commonly seen in developing countries, but extraintestinal complications are infrequently reported. We report herein two cases of gangrene seen in children managed for typhoid intestinal perforation, highlighting the challenges faced in their management.
Immunostimulatory Effect of Zanthoxylum schinifolium‐Based Complex Oil Prepared by Supercritical Fluid Extraction in Splenocytes and Cyclophosphamide‐Induced Immunosuppressed Rats
Authors: Lee Hak Yong , Park Young Mi , Lee Yang Hee , Kang Yang Gyu , Lee Hyang Man , Park Deuk Seon , Yang Hye Jeong , Kim Min Jung , Lee Young-Rae
Published: October 2018

Complex oil of Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Perilla frutescens seed (ZPCO) is used as a traditional medicine due to its pharmacological activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunostimulatory effect of ZPCO in isolated splenocytes as well as in an immunosuppressed rat model, which was generated via oral administration of cyclophosphamide. Notably, our results showed that ZPCO exerted an immunity‐enhancing effect both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, ZPCO treatment enhanced the viability and inflammatory cytokine production of splenocytes and NK cell activity in vitro. Moreover, this product improved host defense under immunosuppressive conditions by increasing the number of immune cells and promoting the expression of cytokines involved in immune responses. Our results suggest that complex oil including Z. schinifolium should be explored as a novel immunostimulatory agent that could potentially be used for therapeutic purposes or as an ingredient in functional foods.
A New Direct Speed Estimation and Control of the Induction Machine Benchmark: Design and Experimental Validation
Authors: Hmidet Ali , Dhifaoui Rachid , Hasnaoui Othman
Published: October 2018

Speed sensorless control schemes have potential benefits for industrial applications because they contribute to reducing process cost and they avoid using fragile sensors as encoders or resolvers in hostile environment. In addition, simplicity, reliability, and fast response of control structures to signal commands are much-needed features. In this paper, a new Speed Sensorless Direct Control (SSDC) technique allowing the achievement of these objectives is proposed. This technique combines Field Oriented Control (FOC) and Direct Torque Control (DTC) properties in the same approach. The estimated speed is reached only according to the measured current and voltage of the stator. DTC is extended to speed sensorless direct control with any notable modification. The proposed scheme is implemented to the induction machine benchmark and evaluated in real time under various possible scenarios of use. Experimental results show that the proposed SSDC has interesting capabilities to conduct induction motor in real time operation with good accuracy.
Potential of Cocoa Pod Husk Pectin-Based Modified Release Capsules as a Carrier for Chronodelivery of Hydrocortisone in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: Adi-Dako Ofosua , Ofori-Kwakye Kwabena , Amponsah Seth Kwabena , Boamah Isaac , Kuntworbe Noble , Oppong Esther Eshun
Published: October 2018

The potential of cocoa pod husk (CPH) pectin-based modified release (MR) capsules as a carrier for chronodelivery of hydrocortisone in Sprague-Dawley rats was assessed. Extemporaneously formulated CPH pectin-based hydrocortisone (10 mg) capsules crosslinked with calcium chloride (Formulation A) or zinc (Formulation B) and a commercial immediate release hydrocortisone formulation were administered orally to Sprague-Dawley rats and the pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated using noncompartmental analysis. Formulation A had a 2 h lag phase followed by an increase in serum drug concentration in the treated rats. Peak concentrations (Cmax) of 21.799 ± 1.993 ng/ml and 20.844 ± 2.661 ng/ml were achieved after 6 ± 0.23 h and 6 ± 0.35 h (Tmax), respectively, for capsules A and B. The immediate release formulation had a peak concentration of 15.322 ± 0.313 ng/ml within 1 ± 0.2 h. The relative bioavailability of the CPH pectin-based capsules A and B was 213% and 274%, respectively. Formulations A and B had half-lives more than three times that of the immediate release formulation. The MR capsules exhibited a higher exposure, greater bioavailability, and versatility in release of cortisol than the commercial immediate release formulation. Additionally, the MR capsules exhibited an extended drug release with overnight cortisol rise and early morning cortisol peak and hold promise in the management of adrenal insufficiency.
DNA Polymerase Eta Prevents Tumor Cell-Cycle Arrest and Cell Death during Recovery from Replication Stress
Authors: Barnes Ryan P. , Tsao Wei-Chung , Moldovan George-Lucian , Eckert Kristin A.
Published: October 2018

Neoplastic transformation and genome instability are enhanced by replication stress, conditions that slow or stall DNA replication forks. Consequently, cancer cells require multiple enzymes and checkpoint signaling pathways to mitigate replication stress for their viability and proliferation. Targeting proteins that enhance cancer cell survival during replication stress is a recent approach in clinical strategies, especially when targets produce synthetic lethality. DNA polymerase eta (Pol η) has many key functions in genome stability, particularly for translesion synthesis. Here we demonstrate that endogenous Pol η displays significant protein induction and forms intense foci throughout the nucleus in response to replication stress induced by drugs that do not directly form DNA adducts. During replication stress, Pol η-deficient cells displayed hyperactivation of the ATR replication checkpoint and arrested late in the cell cycle. During recovery from replication stress, Pol η-deficient cells continue to display aberrant phenotypes, including delayed cell-cycle progression, apoptosis, and cell survival. Depletion or inhibition of ATR was synthetically lethal with Pol η deficiency, particularly when tumor cells were treated with replication stress-inducing drugs. Together our data expand knowledge of the cellular environments that increase endogenous Pol η expression beyond DNA damaging agents and demonstrate that Pol η regulation is central to the replication stress response. Because Pol η is aberrantly expressed in several tumor types, our results are critical for developing more effective chemotherapy approaches and identify coinhibition of Pol η and ATR as a potential therapeutic strategy.

Significance:

This study demonstrates that replication stress upregulates Pol η (POLH) in tumor cells and reveals a role for Pol η in tumor cell recovery following replication stress.
CDK1 Interacts with Sox2 and Promotes Tumor Initiation in Human Melanoma
Authors: Ravindran Menon Dinoop , Luo Yuchun , Arcaroli John J. , Liu Sucai , KrishnanKutty Lekha Nair , Osborne Douglas G. , Li Yang , Samson Jenny Mae , Bagby Stacey , Tan Aik-Choon , Robinson William A. , Messersmith Wells A. , Fujita Mayumi
Published: October 2018

Cancers are composed of heterogeneous subpopulations with various tumor-initiating capacities, yet key stem cell genes associated with enhanced tumor-initiating capacities and their regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we analyzed patient-derived xenografts from melanoma, colon, and pancreatic cancer tissues and identified enrichment of tumor-initiating cells in MHC class I-hi cells, where CDK1, a master regulator of the cell cycle, was upregulated. Overexpression of CDK1, but not its kinase-dead variant, in melanoma cells increased their spheroid forming ability, tumorigenic potential, and tumor-initiating capacity; inhibition of CDK1 with pharmacologic agents reduced these characteristics, which was unexplained by the role of CDK1 in regulating the cell cycle. Proteomic analysis revealed an interaction between CDK1 and the pluripotent stem cell transcription factor Sox2. Blockade or knockdown of CDK1 resulted in reduced phosphorylation, nuclear localization, and transcriptional activity of Sox2. Knockout of Sox2 in CDK1-overexpressing cells reduced CDK1-driven tumor-initiating capacity substantially. Furthermore, GSEA analysis of CDK1hi tumor cells identified a pathway signature common in all three cancer types, including E2F, G2M, MYC, and spermatogenesis, confirming a stem-like nature of CDK1hi tumor cells. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized role for CDK1 in regulating tumor-initiating capacity in melanoma and suggest a novel treatment strategy in cancer via interruption of CDK1 function and its protein-protein interactions.

Significance:

These findings uncover CDK1 as a new regulator of Sox2 during tumor initiation and implicate the CDK1–Sox2 interaction as a potential therapeutic target in cancer.
Exposure to Trace Elements and Risk of Skin Cancer: A Systematic Review of Epidemiologic Studies
Authors: Matthews Natalie H. , Fitch Katherine , Li Wen-Qing , Morris J. Steven , Christiani David C. , Qureshi Abrar A. , Cho Eunyoung
Published: October 2018

Exposure to environmental trace elements has been studied in relation to many cancers. However, an association between exposure to trace elements and skin cancer remains less understood. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of published epidemiologic literature examining the association between exposure to trace elements, and risk of melanoma and keratinocyte carcinoma in humans. We identified epidemiologic studies investigating exposure to arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, selenium, and zinc and risk of skin cancer in humans. Among the minerals, arsenic, selenium, and zinc had more than five studies available. Exposure to arsenic was associated with increased risk of keratinocyte carcinoma, while too few studies existed on melanoma to draw conclusions. Exposure to selenium was associated with possible increased risk of keratinocyte carcinoma. Studies of zinc and skin cancer were case–control in design and were found to have inconsistent associations. The data on the association between cadmium, chromium, copper, and iron and risk of skin cancer remain too sparse to draw any conclusions. In summary, epidemiologic studies on exposure to trace elements and cutaneous malignancies are limited. Studies with larger sample sizes and prospective designs are warranted to improve our knowledge of trace elements and skin cancer.
Suppression of STING Associated with LKB1 Loss in KRAS-Driven Lung Cancer
Authors: Kitajima Shunsuke , Ivanova Elena , Guo Sujuan , Yoshida Ryohei , Campisi Marco , Sundararaman Shriram K. , Tange Shoichiro , Mitsuishi Yoichiro , Thai Tran C. , Masuda Sayuri , Piel Brandon P. , Sholl Lynette M. , Kirschmeier Paul T. , Paweletz Cloud P. , Watanabe Hideo , Yajima Mamiko , Barbie David A.
Published: October 2018

KRAS-driven lung cancers frequently inactivate TP53 and/or STK11/LKB1, defining tumor subclasses with emerging clinical relevance. Specifically, KRAS-LKB1 (KL)–mutant lung cancers are particularly aggressive, lack PD-L1, and respond poorly to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). The mechanistic basis for this impaired immunogenicity, despite the overall high mutational load of KRAS-mutant lung cancers, remains obscure. Here, we report that LKB1 loss results in marked silencing of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) expression and insensitivity to cytoplasmic double-strand DNA (dsDNA) sensing. This effect is mediated at least in part by hyperactivation of DNMT1 and EZH2 activity related to elevated S-adenylmethionine levels and reinforced by DNMT1 upregulation. Ectopic expression of STING in KL cells engages IRF3 and STAT1 signaling downstream of TBK1 and impairs cellular fitness, due to the pathologic accumulation of cytoplasmic mitochondrial dsDNA associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, silencing of STING avoids these negative consequences of LKB1 inactivation, while facilitating immune escape.

Significance:

Oncogenic KRAS-mutant lung cancers remain treatment-refractory and are resistant to ICB in the setting of LKB1 loss. These results begin to uncover the key underlying mechanism and identify strategies to restore STING expression, with important therapeutic implications because mitochondrial dysfunction is an obligate component of this tumor subtype.

See related commentary by Corte and Byers, p. 16.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
A Comparison of Simple Analytical Methods for Determination of Fluoride in Microlitre-Volume Plasma Samples
Authors: Zohoori F. Vida , Maguire Anne , Martinez-Mier E. Angeles , Buzalaf Marília Afonso Rabelo , Sanderson Roy , Eckert George J.
Published: October 2018

The aim was to compare potential methods for fluoride analysis in microlitre-volume plasma samples containing nano-gram amounts of fluoride. Methods: A group of 4 laboratories analysed a set of standardised biological samples as well as plasma to determine fluoride concentration using 3 methods. In Phase-1, fluoride analysis was carried out using the established hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS)-diffusion method (1 mL-aliquot/analysis) to obtain preliminary measurement of agreement between the laboratories. In Phase-2, the laboratories analysed the same samples using a micro-diffusion method and known-addition technique with 200 µL-aliquot/analysis. Coefficients of Variation (CVs) and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were estimated using analysis of variance to evaluate the amount of variation within- and between-laboratories. Based on the results of the Phase-2 analysis, 20 human plasma samples were analysed and compared using the HMDS-diffusion method and known-addition technique in Phase-3. Results: Comparison of Phase-1 results showed no statistically significant difference among the laboratories for the overall data set. The mean between- and within-laboratory CVs and ICCs were < 0.13 and ≥0.99, respectively, indicating very low variability and excellent reliability. In Phase-2, the overall results for between-laboratory variability showed a poor CV (1.16) and ICC (0.44) for the micro-diffusion method, whereas with the known-addition technique the corresponding values were 0.49 and 0.83. Phase-3 results showed no statistically significant difference in fluoride concentrations of the plasma samples measured with HMDS-diffusion method and known- addition technique, with a mean (SE) difference of 0.002 (0.003) µg/mL. In conclusion, the known-addition technique could be a suitable alternative for the measurement of fluoride in plasma with microlitre-volume samples.
Compromised DNA Repair and Signalling in Human Granulocytes
Authors: Ponath Viviane , Heylmann Daniel , Haak Tobias  , Woods Kevin , Becker Huong , Kaina Bernd
Published: October 2018

In previous studies, we showed impaired DNA repair in human monocytes. Here, we addressed the question of whether human neutrophilic granulocytes that arise from the same precursor as monocytes exhibit a similar phenotype and are impaired in repairing their DNA. We show that neutrophilic granulocytes isolated from peripheral blood display a lack of the same repair proteins that are missing in monocytes and do not show repair of their DNA when damaged by ionising radiation (IR) or chemical ROS. Contrary to T cells, we observed no decline in the number of single-strand breaks following γ-radiation. Also, granulocytes did not show γH2AX foci formation while T cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) responded. In comparison to PBL, XRCC1, PARP-1 and ligase III were not expressed and there was also no discernible signal for key damage response proteins ATM, ATR and DNA-PKCS as well as γH2AX in neutrophils. Time course and dose-response experiments confirmed the absence of H2AX phosphorylation after radiation treatment although an accumulation of double-strand breaks was detected in the neutral Comet assay. Overall, the data indicate that terminally differentiated neutrophilic granulocytes in the peripheral blood display strong downregulation of DNA repair and DNA damage response factors, which should be taken into account if studies with whole peripheral blood containing granulocytes are performed, causing a significant intra-experimental variation in the cellular repair capacity.
Experimental Endozoochory of Cannabis sativa Achenes
Authors: McPartland John M. , Naraine Steve G.
Published: October 2018

The mechanism by which Cannabis sativa dispersed from its center of origin remains an open question. The literature provides many hypotheses, which we review for the first time, but experiments are few. Darwin was interested in zoochory – the transport of plants by animals. He demonstrated endozoochory (transport of seeds via animal digestive systems) of C. sativa achenes (seeds) by carrier pigeons, but he did not quantify achene survival rates. We assessed mammalian endozoochory in a triplicate experiment: feeding C. sativa achenes into a simulated gastrointestinal system, a dog, and a human. The in vitro system subjected achenes to sequential digestive enzymes. Achenes were planted in potting soil and monitored for emergence under growroom conditions. The in vivo experiments added achenes to a normal morning meal (dog food or granola). Feces were collected for daily instillation into an outdoor garden and monitored for seedling emergence for 16 days. Control achenes were planted directly into soil without ingestion. In the in vitro study, 34.7% of the digested achenes emerged as seedlings. The in vivo emergence rates were 10.3, 1.3, and 76.0% for the dog, human, and control conditions. The three groups differed significantly (χ2 = 1,264.93, p < 0.0001). Achene survival was greatest under in vitro conditions, which lacked a mastication step, compared to dog (minimal chewing) and human (maximal chewing) conditions. Although C. sativa lacks evolutionary traits for classic endozoochory (i.e., a fleshy fruit), it seems well adapted to this manner of seed dispersal.
Neoadjuvant Therapy to Downstage the Extent of Resection of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Jakob Jens , Hohenberger Peter
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are rare malignant tumors in terms of incidence, and they are not linked to specific symptoms. Often, primary tumors, particularly of the stomach, rectum, or rectovaginal space, are quite large when detected, and multivisceral resection seems to be the treatment of choice as the mainstay of therapy is complete tumor removal. If a gain-of-function mutation in the KIT gene is present, drug therapy with receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) might significantly downstage primary GIST tumors. Methods: A review of the literature was performed to identify the current evidence for preoperative treatment of GIST regarding toxicity, efficacy, and oncological outcome, including mutational data from our own database. Results: Four phase II as well as several cohort studies showed acceptable toxicity and no increased perioperative morbidity of preoperative imatinib. Progressive disease during preoperative treatment was a rare event, and partial response was achieved in 40-80% of all patients. For methodological reasons, the trials cannot prove an oncological long-term superiority of preoperative treatment. Conclusion: Preoperative therapy with imatinib is safe and recommended for patients with locally advanced GIST. Neoadjuvant imatinib therapy may enable less invasive and organ-sparing surgery, avoid tumor rupture during extensive resectional procedures, and improve the quality of perioperative RTKI treatment.
Coincident Detection and Concomitant Repair of a Ventricular Septal Defect during Emergency Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Left Ventricular Aneurysm Resection
Authors: Mogaldea Alexandru , Ruemke Stefan , Haverich Axel , Ismail Issam
Published: October 2018

This case report presents an accidental detection of a post-infarct ventricular septal defect (VSD) by a patient undergoing emergent coronary artery bypass grafting and left ventricular aneurysm resection. Both myocardial lesions were repaired simultaneously through the left ventricular aneurysm. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful. This case shows the importance of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography, as well as inspection of the interventricular septum, in an emergency setting to detect possible infarct VSDs.
The Relationship between Maxillary Sinus Lateral Wall Thickness, Alveolar Bone Loss, and Demographic Variables: A Cross-Sectional Cone-Beam Computerized Tomography Study
Authors: Talo Yildirim Tuba , Güncü Güliz Nigar , Colak Mehmet , Tözüm Tolga Fikret
Published: October 2018

Objectives: Sinus floor elevation and augmentation surgery is widely used as a reliable procedure to increase insufficient bone height in the posterior maxillary area. The purpose of the present clinical study was to determine the associations between periodontal bone loss (PBL), maxillary sinus lateral bone wall thickness, age, and gender using cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: The current retrospective study consists of 716 maxillary sinus CBCT images of 358 patients. The CBCT scans were assessed to detect the relationship between lateral wall thickness and PBL. ANOVA and Student t test analysis were used to determine the influence of PBL on sinus lateral wall thickness. Results: Sinus lateral wall thickness was significantly associated with PBL (p < 0.05) at 3, 13, and 15 mm height. There was no significant association between lateral wall thickness and gender (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant association between lateral wall thickness at 3 and 13 mm and age (p < 0.05). There were significant associations between PBL and age (p < 0.001), and PBL and gender (p < 0.05). Conclusions: PBL might have an association with maxillary sinus lateral bone wall thickness. Further studies are needed to confirm this possible relationship.
Catástrofes, muerte y renacimiento en la literatura maya actual: el tiempo como estructura y energía vital
Authors: Craveri Michela Elisa
Published: October 2018

El artículo se propone el estudio de la narrativa maya contemporánea de Guatemala, en particular de la obra de los dos ganadores del premio de literatura maya B’atz’ 2007, Leoncio Pablo García Talé y Miguel Ángel Oxlaj Cúmez. Se intentará una lectura de sus textos a la luz de las dinámicas culturales de la sociedad maya actual, su sistema simbólico y su cosmovisión La literatura maya contemporánea es un espacio de cuestionamiento político y social, que propone una manera distinta de interpretar la realidad, más allá de la adhesión rígida a un canon literario impuesto desde fuera.
Entre esquerdas renovadoras e refundadoras: os sistemas partidários brasileiro e venezuelano no contexto da “maré rosa”
Authors: Nascimento Junior Wanderley Dos Reis
Published: October 2018

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar as características dos sistemas partidários brasileiro e venezuelano no contexto da “maré rosa”. A conformação de diversos governos que se definem como esquerda ou centro-esquerda, progressistas de uma maneira geral, representou um momento ímpar para a historiografia política Latino-Americana e fez emergir uma vasta literatura sobre as trajetórias e características destas forças políticas. Independentemente das categorizações utilizadas, as forças políticas que emergiram no Brasil e na Venezuela são inseridas, consensualmente, em categorias distintas. De modo mais amplo, lançamos mão da metodologia comparativa e, em sentido estrito, nos fundamentamos no diálogo com as unidades de análise de sistemas partidários (MAINWARING; TORCAL, 2006 e HUNTINGTON, 1968). Isto posto, defende-se que distintos sistemas partidários foram responsáveis pela conformação de diferentes tipologias de esquerdas.
Resenha: A América Latina. Males de Origem
Authors: Castro Rita de Cássia Marques Lima de
Published: October 2018

Trata-se de uma resenha da obra de Manoel Bomfim, escrita em 1903, em Paris: A América Latina. Males de Origem. Esta obra balança as estruturas de pensamento vigentes no início do século XX, trazendo considerações sobre os males de origem que assomam os países americanos de colonização ibérica. As ideias do médico e educador Manoel Bomfim, ousadas e contra a corrente dominante na época,  merecem ser rememoradas e colocadas em pauta de discussão, em pleno século XXI, visto que se mantêm atuais e provocadoras. Afinal, os dentes de ixode de séculos de parasitismo europeu apresentam-se, ainda, insistentemente, na história e na evolução da rica em desafios de investigação, complexa e instigante América Latina.
Extractivismo versus derechos humanos: crónicas de los nuevos campos minados en el Sur Global
Authors: Bezerra Andre Augusto Salvador
Published: October 2018

Trata-se de resenha da obra coordenada pelo colombiano Rodriguez Garavito, ainda não publicada no Brasil.
CARTA AOS LEITORES
Authors: Cacciamali Maria Cristina
Published: October 2018

Apresentação dos artigos e resenha do número 30.
O fluxo migratório de venezuelanos para o Brasil (2014-2018)
Authors: Souza Ayrton Ribeiro de , De Campos Pinheiro da Silveira Marina
Published: October 2018

O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar o contexto jurídico dos migrantes venezuelanos que entram em território brasileiro desde 2014, bem como a crise política e econômica em seu país de origem que os moveu nesta direção. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados atualizados oriundos de fontes oficiais e pesquisas publicadas em periódicos reconhecidos. Revelou-se a importância de se compreender o contexto específico dos imigrantes venezuelanos no Brasil, levando em conta a legislação nacional e internacional sobre a questão e a peculiar situação do país de que emigraram.
Prometeo, El Grill y la Migración
Authors: Paz-y-Miño Cepeda Isabel
Published: October 2018

La crisis económica de Ecuador de 1999, ocasionó la migración al exterior de tres millones de ciudadanos.  Ese éxodo masivo ha sido el mayor en la historia de este país latinoamericano. El presente artículo indaga en las consecuencias de la migración vistas desde el arte cinematográfico.  Analiza dos películas de directores ecuatorianos: la ficción Prometeo deportado de Fernando Mieles, realizada en 2010 y que cuenta la historia de un grupo de ecuatorianos encerrados en una sala de un aeropuerto europeo, en espera de ser deportados, y el documental El grill de César de Darío Aguirre, producido en 2013, que narra el retorno al país del hijo migrante y el reencuentro con su padre. Más allá de los estudios y de las cifras que se pueden citar en torno al problema social más significativo para el Ecuador en la década inicial del Siglo XXI, es a través del arte, y en este caso específico del cine, como se puede “sentir” lo que ha representado para este país el drama de la migración.
Movimentos migratórios em tempos de globalização:
Authors: Santos Carlos Otavio Pereira dos , Andrade Pinto Fernando , Barcellos Victor Gomes
Published: October 2018

A instabilidade econômica e política do Brasil e do mundo em geral, acabam provocando um falso medo - o medo do desemprego e da fome – sentimento esse, que uma vez instalado na sociedade como um todo, abre espaços para a violência verbal ou física contra as populações socialmente marginalizadas, como mulheres, negros e imigrantes. Os atuais fluxos migratórios no Brasil vêm acarretando modificações espaciais, que ultrapassam a antiga ideia de fronteira e de seus limites. Ao romper com essa barreira o indivíduo acaba por entrar em um campo totalmente novo e desconhecido, ficando exposto ao extremo do que se pode chamar de Hospitalidade, ou seja, à mercê da Hostilidade, tal como se pretende demonstrar neste trabalho.
CARTA AOS LEITORES
Authors: Cury Lucilene
Published: October 2018

A apresentação desta Edição Especial da Revista Cadernos PROLAM (Nº.32), que traz um Dossiê sobre os Movimentos Migratórios, foi escrita de modo coletivo pelos membros da Equipe Editorial abaixo nomeada, como forma de reconhecimento pelo trabalho de todos, feito com dedicação e muito entusiasmo, ao longo do 1º. Semestre de 2018.
Chronic Thromboxane Synthase Inhibition Prevents Fructose-Induced Hypertension
Authors: Galipeau Denise , Arikawa Emi , Sekirov Inna , McNeill John H.
Published: October 2018

To investigate the role of thromboxane A
2
in the development of hypertension in the fructose-fed rat, we treated male fructose-fed rats with dazmegrel (a thromboxane synthase inhibitor) and monitored blood pressure, fasting plasma parameters, and insulin sensitivity for 7 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was measured each week using tail plethysmography, and an oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of the study to assess insulin sensitivity. Treatment with a 60% fructose diet and dazmegrel (100 mg · kg
−1
· d
−1
via oral gavage) was initiated on the same day. Plasma triglyceride levels increased 2-fold in both fructose- and fructose/dazmegrel-treated groups, and plasma insulin levels tended to be higher in these groups, although not significantly. Systolic blood pressure increased significantly throughout the study in the fructose-fed group only (132±3 versus 112±4 mm Hg in control rats, 118±2 mm Hg in control-treated rats, 116±2 mm Hg in fructose-treated rats). Both fructose groups demonstrated a higher peak insulin response to oral glucose challenge and had 40% to 60% lower insulin sensitivity index values. The results of this study show that treatment with a thromboxane synthase inhibitor, dazmegrel, can prevent the development of hypertension but does not improve insulin sensitivity or other fructose-induced metabolic impairments. Based on these data, we conclude that the potent vasoconstrictor thromboxane is involved in the link between hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance and hypertension.
Hypertension Status Is the Major Determinant of Carotid Atherosclerosis
Authors: Su Ta-Chen , Jeng Jiann-Shing , Chien Kuo-Liong , Sung Fung-Chang , Hsu Hsiu-Ching , Lee Yuan-Teh
Published: October 2018

Background and Purpose

—

Extracranial carotid artery (ECCA) atherosclerosis has been associated with hypertension-related stroke. The present study was aimed at investigating the determinants of ECCA atherosclerosis in patients with hypertension in Taiwan.

Methods

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The extent and severity of ECCA atherosclerosis were measured by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography and expressed as maximal intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery, ECCA plaque score, and carotid stenosis ≥50%. From July through December 1996, 263 hypertensive patients (146 with hypertension and 117 with borderline hypertension) and 270 normotensive adults from the Chin-Shan Community Cardiovascular Cohort participated in this study. Risk factors and ECCA atherosclerosis were stratified by the blood pressure status.

Results

—

A significant dose-response relationship was found between the status of hypertension and the severity of carotid atherosclerosis. Multivariate logistic regression models revealed that hypertension (including borderline), male gender, smoking, and age ≥65 years significantly increased the risk of thicker IMT. The risk of ECCA plaque score >6 increased significantly in conjunction with hypertension, age ≥65 years, left ventricular hypertrophy on ECG, and smoking. However, hypertension and smoking were the 2 evident determinants of carotid stenosis ≥50% after adjustment for other covariates. Compared with the normotensive subjects, the ORs (and 95% CIs) for the hypertensive patients to develop carotid atherosclerosis were 5.0 (3.0 to 8.4) indexed by maximal common carotid artery IMT ≥75th percentile, 3.7 (1.8 to 7.9) by ECCA score >6, and 4.8 (1.4 to 16.5) by carotid stenosis ≥50%.

Conclusions

—

Hypertension strongly influence carotid atherosclerosis. Our findings reinforce the hypothesis that hypertension has a major role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Abstract 1: Early Recurrence in Paroxysmal Versus Sustained Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Angelini Filippo , Paciaroni Maurizio ,   RAF Investigators
Published: October 2018

Background and purpose:
To date, there have been no thorough investigations on the possible role of atrial fibrillation (AF) pattern in stroke recurrence during early-phase post stroke. We investigated for differences in ischemic outcome between patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF) and those with sustained AF (SAF), within 90 days from acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods:
Patients from the RAF and RAF-DOAC study databases were categorized into 2 groups: PAF and SAF (persistent + permanent AF). Early recurrence was defined as the composite of ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack and symptomatic systemic embolism within 90 days from AIS.

Results:
A total of 2,150 patients (1,155 females, 53.7%) were enrolled: 930 (43.3%) had PAF and 1220 (56.7%) SAF. Patients with SAF were on average older, were more likely to have: diabetes mellitus, hypertension, a history of stroke/TIA, congestive heart failure, atrial enlargement, pacemaker and a high NIHSS. During the 90-day follow-up, 107 recurrent ischemic events were recorded from index stroke. Multivariate analysis for predictive factors of early ischemic recurrence indicated that SAF was associated with a non-significant increase in ischemic events at 90 days, compared to PAF (HR 1.23; 95% CI 0.74-2.04; p = 0.418) (Figure).

Conclusions:
PAF and SAF patients with acute stroke resulted having similar risks of ischemic recurrence within 90 days from index event. Therein, these findings suggest that AF pattern should not influence decision making concerning the timing of anticoagulant administration after an acute stroke.