bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presenting the outline of a proposal for a 5 part program of medical education research using eLearning or Technology enhanced learning to support Learning through the continuum of Undergraduate, through Postgraduate to Lifelong learning settings
Authors: Goh Poh Sun
Published: December 2016

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. The purpose of this article is to present the outline of a proposal for a 5 part program of medical education (MedEd) research using eLearning or Technology enhanced learning (TeL) to support Learning through the continuum of Undergraduate, through Postgraduate to Lifelong learning settings.
The Power of Sport to Create Positive Social Change
Authors: Lapchick Richard
Published: December 2016

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An Exploration of Organizational Trust in Intercollegiate Athletic Departments
Authors: Tingle Jacob K
Published: December 2016

Scholars in in educational leadership, business management, and organizational psychology have thoroughly explored the construct of organizational trust. While trust has attracted some attention from sport management scholars, the research has primarily focused on the individual, rather than organization. This manuscript provides an overview of the organizational trust literature with specific application to the area of intercollegiate athletic departments. Additionally, the Athletic Department Trust Scale (ADTS) is introduced as an instrument to measure organizational trust in the setting. The procedures taken to refine and test the instrument are summarized. Results revealed the ADTS as psychometrically sound.  The instrument was used to explore three research questions related to coaching tenure and status. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences between coaching tenure and organizational trust. Practical and research implications are also presented.
Holistic Education through Athletics: Health and Health-Literacy of Intercollegiate Athletes and Active Undergraduate Students
Authors: Weight Erianne Allen , Navarro Kristina M , Smith-Ryan Abbie , Huffman Landon T.
Published: December 2016

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to examine select psychological (body awareness), educational (health, nutrition, and injury recovery knowledge) and physiological (height, weight, BMI, and body fat percentage) variables within a sample of university students (n = 914) and varsity athletes (n = 435) at three “Power 5” NCAA Division I institutions in an effort to explore the legitimacy of competitive athletics as a holistic educational endeavor worthy of fulfilling the mission of higher education.  Data analysis revealed some support for Kolb’s experiential learning theory, with athletes demonstrating significantly greater nutrition, health, injury knowledge, and body awareness than non-athletes (p < 0.01), though mean scores for both groups revealed limited knowledge. Athletes demonstrated overall superior health and lower susceptibility to future metabolic risk factors than their active non-athlete classmates as demonstrated by a significantly lower body fat percentage despite having higher BMI values. Despite a lack of structured traditional education, it appears that athletes are gaining knowledge and engaging in practices critical to holistic development.  Practitioners must determine how to further cultivate these benefits through structured education for athletes and non-athletes.
The Promise and Limits of Leveraging Black Athlete Power Potential to Compel Campus Change
Authors: Edwards Harry
Published: December 2016

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Frozen yogurt from sheep milk
Authors: Abreu Elisangela de , Zeni Jamile , Steffens Clarice , Steffens Juliana
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to develop frozen yogurt formulations from powdered yogurt of sheep milk, through an experimental design of 2², with a triplicate at the central point. The variables studied were emulsifier/stabilizer (0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00%) and powder for cream (2.75%, 3.00% and 3.25%). The parameters evaluated were sensory characteristics, texture, and microbiological counts. The results showed that the formulations had counts of S. aureus and fecal coliforms at 45 °C, lactic acid bacteria and Salmonella sp within the limits established by legislation. Instrumental analysis of texture-related parameters (firmness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, and consistency) of the formulations with different concentrations of emulsifier/stabilizer and cream powder showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). In sensory analysis, Formulations 3 and 4 with lower concentrations of emulsifier/stabilizer scored the highest values, thus indicating good acceptability.
Análise da competitividade das exportações brasileiras de mel natural, segundo o modelo constant market share e o índice de vantagem comparativa revelada
Authors: Paula Maristela Franchetti de , Santos Anadalvo Juazeiro dos , Timofeiczyk Junior Romano , Hoeflich Vitor Afonso , Silva João Carlos Garzel Leodoro da , Angelo Humberto
Published: December 2016

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os indicadores de competitividade no comércio exterior do produto mel natural, entre 2000 e 2011. Em 2000, o Brasil iniciou a inserção desse produto no mercado internacional, ganhando rápida projeção como país exportador. No entanto, ainda ocupa posição intermediária entre os principais exportadores mundiais. O problema analisado neste estudo está relacionado com a competitividade desse produto, no mercado, a partir de indicadores econômicos. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados para verificar a competitividade foram o modelo constant market share e o índice de vantagem comparativa revelada (IVCR). Constatou-se que o quantum e o valor exportado apresentam tendência de crescimento e de flutuações no mercado internacional. No período estudado, a China e a Argentina destacavam-se como os principais exportadores mundiais de mel natural e o Brasil era o sétimo maior exportador. Conclui-se que o País apresenta competitividade no mercado externo de mel natural e padrões de eficiência e de utilização de recursos semelhantes aos vigentes no mundo, além de potencial para ampliar sua participação, com um produto competitivo e diferenciado.
Dinâmica do nível freático e da salinização das águas subterrâneas em áreas irrigadas
Authors: Andrade Eunice Maia de , Aquino Deodato do Nascimento , Luna Nayara Rochelli de Sousa , Lopes Fernando Bezerra , Crisóstomo Lindbergue de Araújo
Published: December 2016

RESUMO Análises físicas e hidroquímicas foram realizadas, em poços rasos, com o objetivo de identificar os impactos da irrigação e da sazonalidade climática no processo de salinização e na dinâmica do nível das águas subterrâneas do Distrito Irrigado do Baixo Acaraú - DIBAU, Ceará. As amostragens foram realizadas em dois períodos: dez/2003 a maio/2007; agosto/2010 a julho/2011, em cinco poços rasos (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5), sendo três deles em campos irrigados. Na identificação da similaridade ou dissimilaridade dos teores de íons sódio (Na+), cloreto (Cl-) e nitrato (NO3 -) entre as duas épocas estudadas, bem como entre os poços amostrados, aplicou-se a técnica de análise estatística multivariada de agrupamento hierárquico. Os dados médios foram submetidos à análise de teste de média e confrontados pelo Teste T. As águas dos poços inseridos na área de sequeiro apresentaram as maiores concentrações médias de Na+ e Cl-, 123 mg L-1 e 253,2 mg L-1, respectivamente, enquanto os valores médios de NO3 - foram maiores na área irrigada, 16 mg L-1. Identificou-se elevação do nível do lençol freático nos poços inseridos na área irrigada (P3, P4 e P5) de 6,13; 5,25 e 3,40 m, respectivamente. As menores flutuações sazonais do lençol freático ocorreram nos poços inseridos na área irrigada, mostrando excedentes de lâminas de irrigação e recarga desses poços, durante a estação seca. As concentrações de Na+ e de Cl-, nas águas do lençol freático, são determinadas pelos fatores naturais, diferentemente do que ocorre com as do NO3 -.
Kalanchoe crop development under different levels of irrigation
Authors: Soares Fátima Cibele , Parizi Ana Rita Costenaro , Corrêa Francieli Ribeiro , Bortolás Francielle Altíssimo , Russi Jumar Luis
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT Despite its importance in the floriculture sector, irrigation management of kalanchoe is characterized by empiricism, being necessary further studies on the use of water by this crop. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the several effects of irrigation levels on the growth of kalanchoe crop conducted in greenhouse in the municipality of Alegrete, state of Rio Grande do Sul. The experiment was conducted in a 7 x 15 m protected environment. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments (irrigation levels corresponding to 40, 60, 80 and 100% of the pot water retention capacity - PC) and four repetitions, totaling sixteen plots. The crop cycle was 224 days after transplanting and the applied average depths were: 451.82; 367.38; 282.94; 198.51 mm for treatments: 100; 80; 60 and 40% of PC, respectively. Canopy area and number of leaves per plant were evaluated over the crop cycle. In the end of the cycle, the canopy diameter, number of inflorescences per plant and the number of flowers per plant were evaluated. No significant differences were found only to the canopy area, by the F test. Irrigation water depths between 40 and 70% of the pot capacity were more appropriate for the crop growth in the study region. The cultivar presented the best development at irrigation levels below the maximum vessel water retention capacity, that is, it is resistant to drought.
Astringency in ʻGiomboʼ persimmon and its relationship with the harvest time
Authors: Tessmer Magda Andréia , Appezzato-da-Glória Beatriz , Kluge Ricardo Alfredo
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT ʻGiomboʼ is one of most cultivated persimmon cultivars in Brazil. It is a late-harvest cultivar and requires treatment for astringency removal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of ethanol and the effect of harvest time on reducing astringency, physicochemical and anatomical characteristics of 'Giombo' persimmon. Two experiments were carried out, one in each growing season, with five treatments corresponding to exposure to 1.70 mL kg-1ethanol for 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours. At the end of the growing season (2011) the fruits achieved the astringency index and levels of soluble tannins suitable for consumption in 24 hours, and at the beginning of the growing season (2012) in 36 hours, indicating that the efficiency of the treatment is related to harvest time and ethanol exposure time. Astringency removal with ethanol affects the cell structure with accumulation of substances inside the cells and in intercellular spaces, resulting in the degradation of the parenchyma cell wall. To avoid such damage and maintain fruit quality, it is recommended the combination of low ethanol doses with less ethanol exposure time.
Competitive analysis of soybean and sudangrass using replacement series design
Authors: Rizzardi Mauro Antônio , Wandscheer Alana Cristina Dorneles , Hoffmann Andrea Ferreira
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT Competition is the best known form of direct interference of weeds on agricultural crops. However, there is relatively little information on the competition of the weed sudangrass on soybean, which has been common in agricultural areas in the southern of Rio Grande do Sul. The objective of this study was to evaluate the competition between sudangrass and soybeans using replacement series experiments. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments consisted of soybean and sudangrass associations. The experimental units were 8-L plastic pots, in the proportions 0: 8, 2: 6, 4: 4, 6: 2, 8: 0, corresponding to 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the crop and weed respectively. Shoot, root and total dry matter and plant height were analyzed through diagrams applied to replacement series and competitive indices. Soybean showed competitive superiority in coexistence with sudangrass in relation to shoot, root and total dry matter. The intraspecific competition was more significant for the crop and inter-specific competition was more important for the weed.
Production of gherkin seedlings in coconut fiber fertirrigated with different nutrient solutions
Authors: Oliveira Francisco de Assis de , Ribeiro Maria da Saúde de Souza , Oliveira Mychelle Karla Teixeira de , Martins Daniele Campos , Neta Maria Lilia de Souza , Medeiros José Francismar de
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT Seedling quality is a key factor to achieve success in vegetable production. The present work aimed to evaluate the production of gherkin seedlings in substrate of coconut fiber fertirrigated with different concentrations of nutrients. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 × 5 factorial with four replications. The treatments consisted of combinations of three cultivars of gherkin (Do Norte, Liso de Calcutá, e Liso Gibão) with five concentrations of nutrients in the solution (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). The nutrient solution, considered standard, matches the recommended solution for melon in hydroponic systems. We evaluated the variables: chlorophyll index, shoot length, number of leaves, stem diameter, main root length, dry weight of leaves, roots, and stem, mass of total dry matter, leaf area, specific leaf area, and leaf area ratio. All variables were affected by the ionic concentration in nutrient solutions. The use of coconut fiber in the production of gherkin seedlings is more efficient with nutrient solutions in concentrations ranging from 75 to 100% of the recommended solution for melon cultivation.
Efeitos da escarificação mecânica nos atributos físicos do solo e agronômicos do capim elefante
Authors: Nagahama Hideo de Jesus , Granja Gilmara Pires , Cortez Jorge Wilson , Ramos Renato Lima , Arcoverde Sálvio Napoleão Soares
Published: December 2016

RESUMO A compactação do solo é uma das principais causas de perdas de produtividade em culturas forrageiras, especialmente àquelas destinadas à produção de silagem, devido ao intenso tráfego de máquinas nas operações de semeadura, manejo e colheita. A escarificação do solo poderia ser uma alternativa para contornar o problema. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da escarificação mecânica nos atributos físicos de um Argissolo Amarelo, bem como os componentes agronômicos do capim elefante, cultivado em área com intenso tráfego de máquinas. O trabalho foi conduzido no Campus de Ciências Agrárias - UNIVASF, Petrolina, PE, no Submédio do Rio São Francisco, em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições; constituídos por profundidades de escarificação: ESC 0 - sem escarificação, ESC 15 - escarificação de 0,00 a 0,15 m e ESC 30 - escarificação de 0,00 a 0,30 m. Avaliaram-se os atributos físicos do solo antes e após a escarificação, sendo: densidade do solo, porosidade total e resistência do solo à penetração; e os componentes agronômicos do capim elefante: altura de planta e produção de biomassa. A densidade do solo, a porosidade total e a resistência do solo à penetração, bem como a produção de biomassa não foram influenciadas pela profundidade de escarificação, provavelmente pela textura arenosa do solo. A resistência do solo à penetração mostrou ser o atributo mais sensível para identificação da compactação e do efeito da escarificação mecânica. Não se verificaram alterações nas propriedades físicas do solo, densidade e porosidade total do solo, para os tratamentos sem escarificação, escarificação de 0,00 a 0,15 m e escarificação de 0,00 a 0,30 m. As profundidades de escarificação do solo não afetaram os componentes agronômicos do capim elefante.
VERTICAL STRUCTURE OF THE ARBOREAL COMPONENT UNDER REGENERATION PHASE OF A DECIDUOUS FOREST FRAGMENT, SANTA CATARINA STATE, BRAZIL
Authors: Freitas Welington Kiffer de , Magalhães Luis Mauro Sampaio
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the structure (horizontal and vertical) of a Deciduous Forest, located between the municipalities of Piratuba and Ipira (SC). 14.000 m2 of tree communities were analyzed, sub- divided into 14 plots of 10 x 100 m, where all individuals with DBH equal to or greater than 4.0 cm were sampled and identified. For natural regeneration were sampled 560 m2, divided into 14 plots of 10 x 4 m. In the tree strata were sampled 2.125 individuals belonging to 34 families, 80 genera and 113 species with a total density of 1.517 ind.ha-1. Natural regeneration were sampled 196 individuals belonging to 24 families and 49 species with a total density of 3.500 ind. ha-1. Luehea divaricata Mart., Actinostemon concolor (Spreng) Müll. Arg. and Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan had of value of increased importance (7,1%, 7,0 % and 5,3%, respectively). Actinostemon concolor got high value Relative Natural Regeneration (18,1%). The low percentage of natural regeneration of species as Luehea divaricata and Parapiptadenia rigida, respectively 3,7% and 1,5%, typical of EDF , may represent a maintenance commitment in the community. The study revealed the presence of exotic species with invasive potential, as Hovenia dulcis Thumb. These facts point to the importance of the adoption of management measures, since the forest fragment studied is advancing successional terms, however, anthropogenic interference with signals in the floristic composition. These facts point to the importance of the adoption of management measures, since the forest fragment studied is suffering anthropogenic impact, influencing the ecological succession mechanisms.
NET PRECIPITATION IN A SEMIDECIDUOUS FOREST FRAGMENT IN VIÇOSA CITY, MG
Authors: Freitas João Paulo Oliveira , Dias Herly Carlos Teixeira , Silva Elias , Tonello Kelly Cristina
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT We aimed to evaluate the net precipitation and rainfall interception in a fragment of semideciduous forest at both early and advanced stages of regeneration in Viçosa city, Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil, from January 2012 through July 2013. Six plots were stablished, three in each regeneration stage area. For throughfall and stemflow quantification, 25 rain gauges and collectors were installed in trees having circumference higher than 15 cm, in each plot. An additional rain gauge was installed in an open area to quantify gross precipitation. Gross precipitation in the studied period was 1934 mm. On average, 79.3% and 72.6% of gross precipitation reached the soil via net precipitation in the areas at early and advanced regeneration stages, respectively. Rainfall interception by the forest canopy was higher in the advanced-regeneration area, corresponding to 25.8% of gross precipitation. In the early- regeneration area, on the other hand, rainfall interception accounted for 20.2% of gross precipitation. This suggests that more densely populated areas intercept more rainfall, and consequently have lower net precipitation. Thus, our study shows that rainwater distribution in forest environments changes according to their regeneration status. The replacement of species at different successional stages renders the water to follow different pathways, such as interception, stemflow, and throughfall. This information helps us understand that the succession process can be slow, yet it is the natural way of forest regeneration.
COMPOSITION OF MEDIUM AND LARGE MAMMALS IN FOREST RESERVE IN THE CERRADO OF BRAZIL CENTRAL
Authors: Leite Rodrigo Jose Viana , Lemos João Lucas Franco , Silva Fábio William Martins da , Alencar Isis Rhaysa Castro de , Bezerra Priscila Freitas , Carregaro Juliano Bonfim
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT Knowledge about fauna location and distribution is very important for animal biology understanding. Conservation Units are relevant to biodiversity when considering factors such as hunting, agricultural expansion and forest fires. The conservation of native vegetation fragments under more suitable management plans, recovery areas and surveys are essential to the mammals preservation. This study aimed to survey the mammals of medium and large size of the Brasilia National Forest Area 1. To carry out this study it was performed weekly rounds in search for direct and indirect mammals traces existing at forest reserve. It is reported the presence of 27 species in the study area. According to the IUCN Red List, four species are vulnerable to extinction: tapir (Tapirus terrestris), giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus) and oncilla (Leopardus guttulus). Two species were recorded nearly threatened species: maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and pampas deer (Ozotocerus bezoarticus). Also according to the same list, 48% (n=13) of species are declining in population trend and 26% (n=7) for this data is unknown. Differences in the area were observed, with mammal species presence associated to Cerrado vegetation types and in distribution of records over the period.
A PROPOSED METHODOLOGY FOR THE CORRECTION OF THE LEAF AREA INDEX MEASURED WITH A CEPTOMETER FOR PINUS AND EUCALYPTUS FORESTS
Authors: Lopes Domingos Mendes , Walford Nigel , Viana Helder , Sette Junior Carlos Roberto
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT Leaf area index (LAI) is an important parameter controlling many biological and physiological processes associated with vegetation on the Earth's surface, such as photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, carbon and nutrient cycle and rainfall interception. LAI can be measured indirectly by sunfleck ceptometers in an easy and non-destructive way but this practical methodology tends to underestimated when measured by these instruments. Trying to correct this underestimation, some previous studies heave proposed the multiplication of the observed LAI value by a constant correction factor. The assumption of this work is LAI obtained from the allometric equations are not so problematic and can be used as a reference LAI to develop a new methodology to correct the ceptometer one. This new methodology indicates that the bias (the difference between the ceptometer and the reference LAI) is estimated as a function of the basal area per unit ground area and that bias is summed to the measured value. This study has proved that while the measured Pinus LAI needs a correction, there is no need for that correction for the Eucalyptus LAI. However, even for this last specie the proposed methodology gives closer estimations to the real LAI values.
AGE OF Eucalyptus urograndis PLANTATIONS AND OCCURRENCE OF PEST INSECTS
Authors: Andrade Joana Gabriela Freitas , Sá Verissimo Gibran Mendes , Lodi Sara , Godoy Bruno Spacek
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT Eucalyptus species are originally from Australia and its plantations is the major forestry activity in Brazil. The Myrtaceae family is widely represented in Brazil, enabling native insects to migrate to Eucalyptus plants. Native herbivorous insects may adapt to the species planted in monoculture with low availability of their natural host plants and natural enemies. Within this context, the differential occurrence pattern of eleven insect pests of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera orders, from 450 Eucalyptus stands of different ages recorded in 2002 to 2010 in eastern State of Minas Gerais, Brazil was evaluated. Bayesian inference was used for data analyses in hypothesis testing. The probability of occurrence of pest species was estimated using a linear multinomial model, relating their occurrence with the Eucalyptus stand age. Pest occurrence in Eucalyptus stands were linked to plant age, with younger ones being more susceptible to phytophagous insects. That association with chronological plant age may be associated with the resource exploration strategy of each group of pest insects. Thus, Eucalyptus forest management should be adapted to the temporally differential use of the stands by pest species, providing more efficient control strategies.
MCT CLASSIFICATION FOR COMPACTED MIXTURES OF SOIL-STEEL SLAG-FLY ASH FOR APPLICATION IN FOREST ROADS
Authors: Pitanga Heraldo Nunes , Silva Taciano Oliveira da , Santos André Luís dos , Silva Ana Claudia Bernardes , Lima Dario Cardoso de
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT This work aimed to evaluate the potential application of a stabilizer derived from the intimate mixture of powder electric arc furnace oxidizing slag and fly ash, aiming at the improvement of soil engineering properties for enforcement purposes on forest roads. This evaluation was undertaken by means of an experimental program of laboratory tests to classify soils and mixtures of these with the proposed stabilizer according to the MCT (Miniature, Compacted, Tropical) methodology. The proportions of waste mixtures were 10% and 20% of the total dry mass of soil-waste combinations and percentages of ground steel slag were 75%, 87.5% and 100% relative to total dry mass of waste mixtures. It was shown the potential to technically enable the use of steel waste in the composition of forest roads, emphasizing the relevance of the proposal in meeting the need of steel companies to confer a sustainable destination for the waste and the need of forest companies to meet, with low-cost materials, the significant demands of their unpaved road network.
Aloimunização RhD em gestantes no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: perspectivas e desafios
Authors: Beserra Ana Heloisa Nascimento , Artmann Elizabeth , Santos Maria Cristina Pessoa dos
Published: December 2016

Resumo: O estudo mostra resultados da pesquisa sobre a persistência da aloimunização RhD nas gestantes atendidas na rede pública do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, por meio de análises de prontuários e de entrevistas com gestores, profissionais de saúde e gestantes. Analisaram-se 289 prontuários de gestantes RhD negativas atendidas entre 2004 a 2012 no Centro de Referência Estadual. Realizaram-se entrevistas com 15 atores sociais, individualmente. As entrevistas apresentaram fatores que contribuíram para a persistência do problema como: perda de reestruturação do Programa de Prevenção da Aloimunização RhD (PPARhD); ausência de um sistema de monitoramento e avaliação do PPARhD; a baixa articulação da rede de referência e contrarreferência de atendimento pré-natal; a capacitação insuficiente dos profissionais de saúde que atendem a população em risco e a insuficiente divulgação do programa de prevenção da aloimunização. Esses nós críticos apontam a necessidade da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde voltar a priorizar o programa de prevenção de aloimunização e investir na articulação da rede de assistência. O estudo mostrou que o problema é multicausal e que enfrentá-lo exige ações interdisciplinares e complexas relacionadas ao atendimento integral no pré-natal e à atenção à saúde da mulher.
AmostraBrasil: um pacote R para amostragem domiciliar em municípios brasileiros
Authors: Cordeiro Ricardo , Stephan Celso , Donalísio Maria Rita
Published: December 2016

Resumo: Frente à relevância dos inquéritos epidemiológicos e às dificuldades em se estabelecer um adequado plano amostral para a sua realização, este artigo apresenta o pacote AmostraBrasil, integrante do software R, de livre acesso, que automatiza a obtenção de amostras aleatórias - simples, sistemáticas e estratificadas - de domicílios de quaisquer municípios do Brasil. Além disso, o pacote possibilita a obtenção automática das coordenadas geográficas dos domicílios amostrados, bem como shapefiles com o perímetro do município e a distribuição espacial da amostra. São descritos os passos para a sua instalação e utilização no sistema operacional Windows. São apresentados exemplos de aplicações do pacote: amostragem e distribuição espacial de 2.500 domicílios residenciais da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e geração de controles na estimativa da distribuição espacial do risco de homicídios em Campinas, São Paulo. São também apresentadas as exigências e limitações da utilização do pacote AmostraBrasil.
Effect of Enamel and Dentin Surface Treatment on the Self-Adhesive Resin Cement Bond Strength
Authors: Mushashe Amanda Mahammad ,   Universidade Positivo,  Brazil, Gonzaga Carla Castiglia , Cunha Leonardo Fernandes da , Furuse Adilson Yoshio , Moro Alexandre , Correr Gisele Maria ,   Universidade de São Paulo,  Brazil
Published: December 2016

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of enamel and dentin surface treatment on the micro-shear bond strength of self-adhesive cement. Seventy-two extracted third molars had their crowns embedded in acrylic resin and worn to obtain a flat enamel or dentin surface. The enamel and dentin specimens were randomly assigned to 8 groups (n=12) that were based on surface treatment (11.5% polyacrylic acid solution or no treatment), substrate condition (wet or dry) and storage period (1 day or 90 days), and treated accordingly. Cylinders (1 × 1 mm) were fabricated using self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U200) following the manufacturer's instructions. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for either 1 day or 90 days and subjected to micro-shear bond strength test (EMIC DL 2000 at 0.5 mm/min). After this, the failure type of the specimens was determined. Data were subjected to statistical analysis (a=0.05). According to the results, the 11.5% polyacrylic acid application decreased the bond strength in both enamel and dentin samples. The moist groups showed higher bond strength than the dry ones, regardless of the substrate and surface treatment. Storage period did not influence bond strength. In conclusion, surface treatment with 11.5% polyacrylic acid and absence of moisture decreased the bond strength of the resin-cement (RelyU200), regardless of the storage period.
Furuncular Myiasis Affecting the Lower Lip of a Young Patient
Authors: Fonseca Felipe Paiva ,   Universidade de Campinas, Brazil, Sabino-Bezerra Jr José Ribamar , Vargas Pablo Agustin , Almeida Oslei Paes de , Lopes Marcio Ajudarte , Santos-Silva Alan Roger
Published: December 2016

Abstract Furuncular myiasis is a parasitic infection caused by the larvae of Dipteran insects after penetrating healthy skin, causing an erythematous nodule with a central pore. Additionally, the patient may feel a sensation of movement and intermittent pain. Furuncular myiasis affecting the oral and perioral region is rare, usually leading to misdiagnosis. This paper describes a rare case of furuncular myiasis in a 20-year-old healthy male patient who presented an erythematous nodule in the lower lip. An exploratory surgery was indicated for both diagnostic and curative purposes, with successful healing observed in the following appointment. After 3 years of follow-up, the patient is recovered, with no clinical signs or symptoms of the disease.
Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Physicochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Calcium Silicate Cements
Authors: Vazquez-Garcia Fernando ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista,  Brazil, Tanomaru-Filho Mário , Chávez-Andrade Gisselle Moraima , Bosso-Martelo Roberta , Basso-Bernardi Maria Inês , Guerreiro-Tanomaru Juliane Maria ,   Universidade Federal da Bahia,  Brazil,   Universidade de São Paulo,  Brazil
Published: December 2016

Abstract Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Portland cement (PC) are calcium silicate cements. They have similar physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties. The addition of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) to PC provides radiopacity. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) may improve some properties of cements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of AgNPs on physicochemical/mechanical properties and antibacterial activity of white MTA (WMTA) and PC associated with ZrO2. The following materials were evaluated: WMTA; PC 70% + ZrO2 30%; WMTA+ AgNPs; and PC 70% + ZrO2 30% + AgNPs. The study evaluated radiopacity, setting time, pH, compressive strength and solubility. For radiopacity analysis, radiographs were made alongside an aluminum (Al) step wedge. To evaluate the antibacterial activity, direct contact test was performed on planktonic cells and Enterococcus faecalis biofilm induced on bovine root dentin for 14 days. The experimental periods were 5 and 15 h. Data were obtained as CFU mL-1. The obtained data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests (p<0.05). The addition of AgNPs to WMTA increased the pH, lowered the solubility and the initial and final setting times. The addition of AgNPs to PC/ZrO2 maintained the pH, lowered the solubility, and increased the setting time and compressive strength. The radiopacity of all materials was higher than 4 mmAl. The addition of AgNPs promoted an increase in antibacterial activity for calcium silicate cements and favored the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the materials.
Evaluation of Different Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation Protocols on the Removal of Dentinal Debris from Artificial Grooves
Authors: Vivan Rodrigo Ricci , Duque Jussaro Alves , Alcalde Murilo Priori , Só Marcus Vinicius Reis , Bramante Clóvis Monteiro , Duarte Marco Antonio Hungaro
Published: December 2016

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different passive ultrasonic irrigation protocols on the removal of debris in artificially created grooves in the cervical, middle and apical root thirds. Forty extracted bovine incisor roots were instrumented to 1 mm of the root apex with a R50 Reciproc instrument and irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. The roots were then inserted in a muffle and cleaved into two hemisections. Grooves (3-mm long) were done at 2, 7 and 12 mm from the root apex in one hemisection and filled with dentinal debris. The hemisections were regrouped into the muffle and divided into 4 groups (n=10) according to the final irrigation protocol: Control group: 3x20 s using a #30 gauge needle without agitation of the irrigating solution; Group PUI-s (static passive ultrasonic irrigation): 3x20 s of passive ultrasonic irrigation with the tip of the insert maintained static on the apical third; Group PUI-t (passive ultrasonic irrigation per third): 20 s of PUI in each third; Group PUI-d (passive dynamic ultrasonic irrigation): 3x20 s of PUI dynamically moving the insert in the whole extent of the root canal. In all groups, was used a total of 6 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite as irrigant. After these procedures, the grooves were analyzed with a stereomicroscope and assigned scores as regards removal of the debris. The data were analyzed statistically (a=0.05). The results showed a better cleaning in all the groups where the irrigating solution was agitated with ultrasonic device than in the control group (p<0.05). In the apical third, the PUI-d and PUI-s showed similar performance (p>0.05) and a better cleanness than PUI-t (p<0.05). The dynamic and static methods of agitation of the irrigating solution provided more effective cleaning. PUI-d provided the most completely clean grooves suggesting that its use is the most adequate in cases of teeth with complex canal anatomy.
Effect of Two Antioxidants Agents on Microtensile Bond Strength to Bleached Enamel
Authors: Alencar Marina Studart ,   University of São Paulo,  Brazil, Bombonatti Juliana Fraga Soares , Maenosono Rafael Massunari , Soares Ana Flávia , Wang Linda , Mondelli Rafael Francisco Lia
Published: December 2016

Abstract This in vitro study evaluated the effect of sodium bicarbonate and sodium ascorbate on the microtensile bond strength of an etch-and-rinse system to bleached bovine enamel. Sixty bovine enamel blocks (4x4 mm) were flattened and randomly allocated into 5 groups: G1 (negative control): without treatment; G2 (positive control): bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP); G3: bleached and stored for 7 days in artificial saliva before restorative procedures; G4: bleached and treated with 10% sodium bicarbonate solution for 5 min; G5: bleached and treated with 10% sodium ascorbate hydrogel for 15 min. HP gel was applied twice (20 min each, except in G1) and the adhesive restorations were performed. After 24 h, the specimens were sectioned into sticks and submitted to microtensile bond strength testing with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min (n=12). As a complementary visual observation, the enamel surfaces of the G1 and G2 specimens were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA (p<0.05). The means (standard deviation) were: G1: 24.22±7.74; G2: 18.29±5.88; G3: 40.88±7.95; G4: 19.95±5.67 and G5: 24.43±6.43. Adhesive failures were predominant in all groups. The comparison between the treatments indicates that waiting 7 days after bleaching is still the most effective approach. When this waiting period is not possible, application of sodium ascorbate or sodium bicarbonate seems to be a good alternative. Therefore, the practicality of obtaining sodium bicarbonate in the bleaching kits and its higher stability enables its clinical use.
Effects of Zoledronic Acid on Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats
Authors: Brunet Marcel Durante , Araujo Cristiano Miranda de , Johann Aline Cristina Batista Rodrigues , Camargo Elisa Souza , Tanaka Orlando Motohiro , Guariza Filho Odilon
Published: December 2016

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the administration of zoledronic acid (ZA) during orthodontic movement in rats. A hundred and twenty male Wistar rats were applied force of 30 cN with spring closed nickel-titanium to move the upper right first molar to mesial. In the Control Movement group (CM), only tooth movement was performed; the Control Acid Zoledronic group (CAZ) received a single dose (0.1 mg/kg) of ZA; the Experimental Acid Zoledronic group (EAZ) received a single dose (0.1 mg/kg) one week prior to the start of tooth movement; and the Control Without movement group (CWM) that received no drug and without application of tooth movement. The animals were euthanized after 3, 7 and 14 days. Tooth movement was measured using a caliper, the number of osteoclasts using TRAP staining, the expression of mature and immature collagen using picrosirius staining, and the presence of hyaline areas and root resorption using HE. The data were compared using two-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD, Games-Howell and chi-squared test, at the 5% significance level. It was observed a smaller number of osteoclasts and greater percentage of hyaline area in the EAZ group. There was no difference among the groups regarding bone remodeling, root resorption and tooth movement for all observed times.
Fracture Strength of Weakened Anterior Teeth Associated to Different Reconstructive Techniques
Authors: Ferro Mariana Carolina de Lara ,   University of Ribeirão Preto,  Brazil, Colucci Vivian , Marques Artur Gaiotto , Ribeiro Ricardo Faria , Silva-Sousa Yara T. C. , Gomes Erica Alves ,   University of São Paulo,  Brazil
Published: December 2016

Abstract This study evaluated the fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth submitted to reconstructive techniques through dynamic and static tests. Forty human anterior teeth were divided into 4 groups (n=10): GNW (non-weakened) - root restored with glass fiber post (GFP), GW - weakened root restored with GFP, GDA - weakened root restored with direct anatomic GFP, and GIA - weakened root restored with indirect anatomic GFP. The teeth were endodontically treated considering that experimental groups (GW, GDA and GIA) simulated weakened roots for restoration with GFP using different techniques. The GFP was luted with resin cement and the coronal portion was restored with composite resin and metallic crowns. All samples were submitted to chewing simulation at 60 cycles/min in a total of 300,000 cycles. The survival samples were further exposed to compressive loading at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min in a universal testing machine. The load was applied at 135° to the long axis of the tooth until failure. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (a=0.05). After chewing simulation were observed: GNW: 100% of survival roots; GW: 70% of survival roots, and GDA and GIA: 80% of survival roots. The mean fracture strength values (N) were 280.6 (GNW), 239.0 (GW), 221.3 (GDA), and 234.1 (GIA) without significant difference among the groups (p=0.7476). The results suggested similar fracture strength in both weakened and non-weakened teeth regardless the reconstructive technique of root internal wall. Higher incidence of catastrophic fracture was observed in weakened teeth without restoration of the root internal wall.
The legal reserve: historical basis for the understanding and analysis of this instrument
Authors: Santiago Thaís Muniz Ottoni , Rezende José Luiz Pereira de , Borges Luís Antônio Coimbra
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT: The revisions made in the Forest Code (FC) in 2012 appear to have promoted the weakening of the legal reserve (LR), which after at least 80 years of development, had become established in the Brazilian legal system as an instrument of environmental conservation. This study investigated the possibility of disruption in the implementation of the LR and was developed using qualitative approaches, including bibliographical and documental analyses, to assess the historical construction and legal format of the instrument over time. It was concluded that the current Forest Code broke the trend of development of the LR as an instrument of environmental conservation that was promoted by previous codes and removed the conditions necessary for its effectiveness and existence.
Pattern of follicular development in sheep subjected to ovarian superstimulation after follicular ablation by laparoscopic ovum pick-up
Authors: Denadai Renan , Leite Hyago Ramalho , Bicudo Luana de Cássia , Rodello Leandro , Oba Eunice , Bicudo Sony Dimas
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of follicular development in ewes following ablation of all follicles associated with ovarian superstimulatory treatment. After confirmation of reproductive cyclicity using ultrasonography and progesterone levels, five adult ewes of undetermined breed received a vaginal pessary containing 60mg of medroxyprogesterone, maintained for 10 days, with the application of 100μg cloprostenol on the fourth day. On the tenth day, 300UI equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) was applied together with 80mg FSH, and all visible follicles were aspirated by laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LOPU). Following LOPU, ovarian structures were assessed using sonography every 8 hours for a period of 64 hours, and the number and diameter of small (<2.5mm), medium-sized (2.5-4.5mm), and large (>4.5mm) follicles were recorded. The average diameter of small follicles reduced from 5.6±1.5mm initially to 0.8±1.3mm by 56 hours. Population size of the medium-sized follicles during the observation period followed a parabolic distribution wherein the theoretical maximum size emerged at 34.6 hours with no difference at (P>0.05) 24 (4.6±1.5) and 48 hours (4.8±2.3). It was concluded that in ewes subjected to ovarian superstimulation immediately following LOPU, follicular development is characterized by a new wave of follicle growth with a predominance of medium-sized follicles (2.5-4.5mm) between 24 and 48 hours, and a theoretical population maximum occured at 34.6 hours.
Germinative potential of encrusted seed of tropical forage species
Authors: Souza José Rafael de , Lacerda Janderson de Jesus , Morais Otoniel Magalhães , Silva Johon Porto
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT: Brazil is the largest producer, consumer and exporter of seeds of forage species, thus the adoption of new technologies for expansion and maintenance of this market is of great importance. The aim of this work was to evaluate encrustation effect on germination potential in seeds of Brachiaria sp. species. The experiment was carried out in Biofabrica laboratory from June to August 2014, in Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista-BA. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme 6x2, with two treatments (with and without coating) and four replications. For germination quality of seeds were evaluated germination and vigor (emergence, emergence speed index, total length of seedling, shoot and root). The encrustation affected positively the germination of seeds in all species tested and encrustation did not affect the total length, shoot and root of the seedlings. Coating after chemical scarification is an alternative to improve germination of the seeds of tropical forage species.
Prevalence of behavioral changes in senile dogs
Authors: Svicero Denis Jeronimo , Heckler Marta Cristina Thomas , Amorim Rogério Martins
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT: Owing to improvements in animal welfare, such as in nutrition, preventive medicine, and diagnostic tools, older dogs have become increasingly more prevalent than before. Unfortunately, there is an increasing number of dogs presenting behavioral changes correlated with this growth in the geriatric population. However, many of these owners consider these signs as normal for old age. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of clinical signs related with behavioral changes in the canine geriatric population admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of the Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science College of Universidade Estadual Paulista. The owners of 800 old dogs completed a questionnaire about disorientation, changes in social interaction, loss of training (house soiling), changes in the wake-sleep cycle, physical activity, memory, learning, consciousness, and perception. The results showed that the prevalence of behavioral changes in the canine geriatric population was 90.7% of dogs that presented at least one of these behavioral changes, and 22.3% with at least six changes, and with changes in physical activity (58.5%) and loss of acquired training (30.2%) being the highest percentage groups that were reported by the owners. We concluded that the prevalence of behavioral changes related with aging in the canine geriatric population was high, and that it was important to include questions about behavioral changes during regular veterinary clinical appointments to identify these clinical signs earlier and investigate the possible causes of the cognitive impairment, including neurological diseases, such as Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome.
Elasticity modulus and damping ratio of macaw palm rachillas
Authors: Villar Flora Maria de Melo , Pinto Francisco de Assis de Carvalho , Santos Fábio Lúcio , Grossi José Antônio Saraiva , Velloso Nara Silveira
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT: The macaw palm has been identified as a prime feed stock for biodiesel industries in the near future coming decades. However, there are no machines for harvesting and detaching fruits in the biofuel industry; hence, the study of the dynamic behavior of the fruit-rachilla system would aid in the development of such machines. Thus, this study seeks to determine the modulus of elasticity and the damping ratio of four different plant accessions obtained from the Active Germplasm Bank of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV). Tensile testing was conducted to determine the modulus of elasticity. From the graphical results of tension versus specific strain, it was possible to determine the modulus of elasticity by using the tangent method. To determine the damping ratio, the logarithmic decrement method was performed using vibration testing. Vibration test consisted of a generated impulse of 100% of the amplitude of acceleration that was used to excite the system. The acquisition of the generated information was performed by a piezoelectric accelerometer. The average modulus of elasticity ranged from 2.22 to 3.17MPa, and the average damping ratios ranged from 0.04 to 0.08. Thus, the macaw fruit-rachilla was an under-damped system.