bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Key role played by mesophyll conductance in limiting carbon assimilation and transpiration of potato under soil water stress
Authors: Beauclaire Quentin , Vanden Brande Florian , Longdoz Bernard
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The identification of the physiological processes limiting carbon assimilation under water stress is crucial for improving model predictions and selecting drought-tolerant varieties. However, the influence of soil water availability on photosynthesis-limiting processes is still not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the origins of photosynthesis limitations on potato (Solanum tuberosum) during a field drought experiment.

Methods

Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were performed at the leaf level to determine the response of photosynthesis-limiting factors to the decrease in the relative extractable water (REW) in the soil.

Results

Drought induced a two-stage response with first a restriction of CO2 diffusion to chloroplasts induced by stomatal closure and a decrease in mesophyll conductance, followed by a decrease in photosynthetic capacities under severe soil water restrictions. Limitation analysis equations were revisited and showed that mesophyll conductance was the most important constraint on carbon and water exchanges regardless of soil water conditions.

Discussion

We provide a calibration of the response of stomatal and non-stomatal factors to REW to improve the representation of drought effects in models. These results emphasize the need to revisit the partitioning methods to unravel the physiological controls on photosynthesis and stomatal conductance under water stress.
Modest sex differences in the test of basic auditory capabilities (TBAC)
Authors: McFadden Dennis , Pasanen Edward G. , Kidd Gary R. , Gygi Brian
Published: December 2024

The Test of Basic Auditory Capabilities (TBAC) consists of 19 discrimination and identification tasks selected to study individual differences in audition. In one TBAC study, performance was measured for 340 normal-hearing subjects, but no investigation into possible sex differences was undertaken. That dataset now has been re-analyzed by sex. An effect size for sex difference was calculated for each subtest, and a resampling technique was used to estimate an implied significance for each of those effect sizes. Because almost all the differences observed were small, only the basic outcomes are described here, with more detail provided in Supplementary material. Peripheral physiological measures such as otoacoustic emissions exhibit larger auditory sex differences than do auditory behavioral measures, revealing that those peripheral physiological differences do not propagate simply up the auditory chain.
Assessing the utility of epigenetic clocks for health prediction in South Korean
Authors: Kim Dong Jun , Kang Joon Ho , Kim Ji-Woong , Kim Sun bin , Lee Young Kee , Cheon Myeong Jae , Lee Byung-Chul
Published: December 2024

Epigenetic clocks have been developed to track both chronological age and biological age, which is defined by physiological biomarkers and the risk of adverse health outcomes. Epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) has been found to predict various diseases, aging-related factors, and mortality. However, epigenetic clocks have predominantly been developed with individuals of European or Hispanic ancestry, and their association with health outcomes and environmental factors has not been sufficiently assessed in East Asian populations. Here, we investigated nine epigenetic clocks: five trained on chronological age (first-generation) and four on biological age (second-generation), using DNA methylation data from blood samples of South Koreans. EAAs of second-generation epigenetic clocks reflected the risk of chronic diseases (type 2 diabetes and hypertension), levels of health-related blood markers (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, high density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein), and lung functions (percentage of predicted FEV1 and percentage of predicted FVC), while EAAs of first generation clocks did not. Using follow-up data, we also found that EAAs of second-generation clocks were associated with the time to onset risks of chronic diseases. Health behavior factors (drinking, smoking, exercise, body mass index, and waist-hip ratio), socioeconomic status (income level and educational attainment), and psychosocial status were associated with EAAs of second-generation clocks, while only smoking status was associated with EAAs of first-generation clocks. We conducted validation analyses in an independent South Korean cohort and replicated the association of EAAs with health outcomes and environmental factors. Age acceleration of epigenetic clocks is influenced by various environmental factors and can serve as an effective predictor of health in South Korea.
Exploring radio emissions from confirmed exoplanets using SKA
Authors: Bagheri Fatemeh , Garga Anshuman , Lopez Ramon E.
Published: December 2024

Our understanding of magnetic fields in exoplanets remains limited compared to those within our solar system. Planets with magnetic fields emit radio signals primarily due to the Electron Cyclotron Maser Instability mechanism. In this study, we explore the feasibility of detecting radio emissions from exoplanets using the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) radio telescope. Utilizing data from the NASA Exoplanet Archive, we compile information on confirmed exoplanets and estimate their radio emissions using the RBL model. Our analysis reveals that four exoplanets—Qatar-4 b, TOI-1278 b, CoRoT-10 b, and HAT-P-20 b—potentially exhibit radio signals suitable for observation with the SKA telescope.
Stress, physical activity, and mindfulness practices among youth amidst COVID-19
Authors: El Hajj A. , Noulhiane M. , Andrieu B. , Heutte Natacha , Sirost O.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated stress and anxiety among young people, particularly university students, impacting their mental well-being and daily life. Given the rise in social isolation and economic uncertainty, the adoption of mindfulness practices such as sophrology, meditation, and yoga becomes essential for improving their mental health. This study aims to evaluate the impact of these practices on stress levels and their effect on engagement in physical activities among youths.

Method

This study employed a mixed methods design to assess the impact of different wellness and mindfulness practices on stress levels and physical activity (PA) engagement among university students. Quantitative data were gathered electronically from 218 students at the University of Rouen and the university of Paris-Cité through validated questionnaires, including custom tools on sports and mindfulness practices and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The sample consisted mainly of young adults aged 18 to 35, with a majority of 170 female and 48 male participants. Qualitative insights were gathered through semi-structured interviews with three directors of the university's sports and physical activities department (SUAPS), as well as four wellness program instructors. Data analysis involved statistical techniques using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software for quantitative data, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically using Sphinx software, a tool for textual analysis. Ethical approval for the study was obtained, and confidentiality of all participants was maintained throughout the research.

Results and conclusion

The COVID-19 pandemic had significant effects on French university students’ PA, mental health, and stress levels. Lockdowns led to a decline in sports practices for many, while others adapted by increasing their engagement in fitness and wellness practices. The majority of participants (64.68%) reported moderate levels of stress. A significant correlation was found between motivations for mental health support and stress management, and higher levels of stress (p = 0.0000 and p = 0.0024, respectively). Regular participation in wellness activities was associated with lower stress (p = 0.0193). The findings reinforce the idea that incorporating wellness practices into educational environments can strengthen students’ mental resilience and overall well-being, equipping them with essential tools to effectively cope with future stressors.
Long-term sustainability of African school feeding programs, a review
Authors: Mainje Michael , Matumba Limbikani , Harvey Jagger J. W. , Phiri Horace , Gama Aggrey P. , Phiri Alexander , Phangaphanga Innocent , Chizimba Robert , Wamey Beatrice , Gallagher Patrick , Rutto Emily , Leslie John F.
Published: December 2024

Sustainable school feeding programs (SFPs) in sub-Saharan Africa play a vital role in addressing malnutrition and poor educational outcomes among children. It is critical to contextualize SFPs to local needs and resources, while retaining the twin universal goals of alleviating hunger and promoting education, and the associated strengthening of health, nutrition and social protection. The effective implementation and continuity of such programs, however, present challenges. Key hurdles to establishing and maintaining effective SFPs in sub-Saharan Africa were assessed, as well as strategies to address these challenges. We searched three databases for articles published between 2012 and 2023 with combinations of the keywords: “school feeding,” “school meals,” “sustainability,” “sustainable,” and “long-term.” Of >25,000 identified articles, 21 focused on quantitative and qualitative evaluations of sustainability in primary school SFPs with children aged 6–14. Themes discussed in these articles fall into four broad areas: policy, operations, community involvement and ancillary activities. Successful SFPs in sub-Saharan Africa differ substantively from those in higher income countries. Home grown SFPs are a common route to follow to transition from external donor support, and increase community involvement. The SMP+ meal planner from the World Food Program is widely used to develop nutritious, acceptable meals based on locally available foodstuffs. School gardens and means to access sufficient fuel, usually firewood, for cooking are important concerns in sub-Saharan Africa, but are not usually a concern in higher income countries. By utilizing locally sourced foods and involving students in school gardens and meal planning activities, more comprehensive nutrition education can occur and students can better understand ways to utilize the food available to their household. In conclusion, we provide target areas for policymakers and practitioners to address when designing SFPs that can be sustained for the long term in sub-Saharan Africa and other low and middle-income countries.
The futures for regenerative agriculture: insights from the organic movement and the tussle with industrial agriculture
Authors: Mambo Tatenda , Lhermie Guillaume
Published: December 2024

Concern has been raised about the potential greenwashing/co-optation of regenerative agriculture (RA) due to a lack of consensus on its definition. While the academic literature has cataloged various approaches to defining RA, each definitional approach carries with it a relative concern for its likelihood for co-optation and the potential transformative power it can have within the sector. As the industrial agrifoods sector is taking interest in the field, lessons from the organic movement are worth highlighting. The corporate system has easily integrated the foundational pillar of growing food without chemicals, but left behind the pillars of alternative food distribution, and a focus on whole foods and unprocessed ingredients. Corporate interest in RA could be a major driver for scaled adaptation, yet it may lose its focus on the regeneration of agriculture resources, ecosystems functions, and the social systems required to reproduce the next generation of farmers. The greatest challenge is that the fundamental concern is a philosophical one, which entails a shift in how humans perceive the natural world and their role in it. As RA scales, will it hold to its values and remain obscure, or could its values merge with the predominant industrial system to have significance and affect real change in agriculture?
Potential mechanisms underlying bluetongue virus emergence and spread
Authors: Thabet Sara , Lajnef Rim
Published: December 2024

Bluetongue is a non-zoonotic arboviral disease transmitted by biting midges of the genus Culicoides. Among 1,347 Culicoides species, 30 are known to be vectors of the disease. Bluetongue affects domestic and wild ruminants across all continents, except the Antarctica, causing growing economic losses in livestock production and international trade. In this work, we focused on potential mechanisms underlying the bluetongue virus emergence and spread. Of these mechanisms, the emergence of novel serotypes makes vaccination controversial despite its effectiveness, along with the vector’s ability to acquire the virus and successfully transmit it, spatio-temporal adaptation, and identification of new transmission routes. We also discussed the predisposition of the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts to contract the virus, as well as factors hijacking vector population activity and abundance. Indeed, the ecological dynamics of biting midges strongly influence the ability of the virus to be transmitted and to cause epizootic into parts of the world never before affected, helped by interactions between the pathogen and its host in addition to multiple routes deployed to escape defense barriers in the target infected cells. The points raised in this review can help inform aspects of interest for future studies that may elucidate factors to consider in monitoring and controlling the expansion of Culicoides-transmitted arboviruses.
Investigating Farmers’ Perceptions of Drone Technology in Thailand: Exploring Expectations, Product Quality, Perceived Value, and Adoption in Agriculture
Authors: Suvittawat Adisak
Published: December 2024

This study examines farmers’ perceptions of drone technology in agriculture, highlighting its growing importance in modern farming. Despite the potential benefits of drones, there remains a research gap in understanding how factors like expectations, product quality, and perceived value influence adoption. This research seeks to fill that gap through a survey of 410 farmers in Thailand who have prior drone usage experience. The methodology employed a quantitative approach using structured questionnaires, with data analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results indicate that expectations, mediated by perceived product quality and value, significantly influence farmers’ attitudes toward drone technology. Product quality—particularly in terms of precision, durability, and ease of use—emerged as a key factor in shaping trust and adoption. Economic, social, and personal perceptions were also found to drive perceived value. The study concludes that aligning drone features with farmer expectations can increase perceived value, facilitating wider adoption. Policymakers and service providers are encouraged to focus on enhancing product functionality and offering targeted educational programs to build confidence among farmers. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the socioeconomic factors influencing agricultural innovation and offers practical recommendations for promoting sustainable technological adoption in the sector.
Spatiotemporal Distribution of Soil Thermal Conductivity in Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Xu Yan , Zhang Yibo , Tao Wanghai , Deng Mingjiang
Published: December 2024

The Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) is ecologically fragile, and water resources are extremely scarce. Soil thermal conductivity (λ) is a vital parameter for controlling surface heat transfer and is the key to studying the energy exchange and water balance of the soil surface. The objective of this study is to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of soil thermal conductivity on the Loess Plateau. The research primarily employed soil heat transfer models and the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform for remote sensing cloud computing, compares and analyzed the suitability of six models (Cambell model, Lu Yili model, Nikoosokhan model, LT model, LP1 model, and LP2 model), and utilized the selected improved model (LT model) to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of thermal conductivity on the CLP, examining the impacts of soil particle composition, bulk density, elevation, moisture content, and land use on thermal conductivity. The results show that the LT model is the best in the relevant evaluation indices, with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.84, root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.18, and relative error (RE) of 0.16. Furthermore, the λ on the CLP shows an overall trend of increasing from northwest to southeast, with a lower λ between May and August and a higher one between September and October. The λ of different land use types is as follows: built-up land > cropland > grassland > forest land > barren. The bulk density (ρb) and altitude mainly influence λ in the CLP. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for studying hydrothermal variation in the CLP, model application, energy development, and land resource use.
The South American Black Bumblebee (Bombus pauloensis) as a Potential Pollinator of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)
Authors: Nery Denise , Palottini Florencia , Farina Walter M.
Published: December 2024

We assessed if the commercially reared South American bumblebee Bombus pauloensis forages resources in alfalfa crops by monitoring their colony activity daily. We analyzed the pollen collected by using pollen traps specifically designed for B. pauloensis nests and counted the number of bumblebees in the crop. Consequentially, colony activity was found to be highest during the mornings; 65% of the pollen trap samples analyzed contained alfalfa pollen grains, and 60% of the total pollen loads were identified as alfalfa pollen. Although the honey bee was the predominant pollinator observed in the crop, the high percentage of alfalfa pollen found in the pollen traps of B. pauloensis nests suggests that this species forages resources in alfalfa crops and could be considered a potential managed pollinator.
Practices, Challenges, and Future of Digital Transformation in Smallholder Agriculture: Insights from a Literature Review
Authors: Yuan Yuyang , Sun Yong
Published: December 2024

Smallholder farmers play a crucial role in global agricultural development. The digital transformation of smallholder agriculture can enhance productivity, increase farmers’ income, ensure food security, and promote sustainable rural development. However, existing studies often fail to analyze the holistic nature of this transformation and lack a systematic review of the relevant literature. Therefore, this study aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the current studies on the digital transformation of smallholder agriculture through logical synthesis and reflective summarization, thereby offering valuable academic insights and practical guidance for the digital transformation of smallholder farming. This study constructs an analytical framework centered on “government–technology–smallholders” using a literature review methodology, systematically examining the main practices, challenges, and future strategies for the digital transformation of smallholder agriculture. Our review reveals that current practices primarily focus on digital agricultural production, rural e-commerce, and agricultural information exchange. We identify key challenges at the government, technical, and smallholder levels, including inadequate digital agriculture policies, limited availability of digital applications, difficulties in adapting uniform technologies to the diverse contexts of smallholders, insufficient resources and endowment among smallholder farmers, significant group disparities, and constraints imposed by social and cultural factors. To enhance the digital transformation of smallholder agriculture, it is essential to improve the supply of policy resources, increase attention to and responsiveness toward smallholder needs, and refine digital governance policies. Additionally, we must develop user-friendly digital applications that cater to the varied digital needs of farmers, reduce access costs, enhance digital literacy, foster an inclusive environment for digital agricultural development, and respect and integrate the social and cultural contexts of smallholder communities. This study deepens the understanding of digital transformation in smallholder agriculture and provides theoretical insights and practical guidance for policymakers, technology developers, and smallholder communities. It contributes to sustainable agricultural development and supports rural revitalization and shared prosperity.
Stability of Early Maturing Soybean Genotypes in Poland
Authors: Kurasiak-Popowska Danuta , Katańska-Kaczmarek Agnieszka , Matysik Przemysław , Stefański Piotr , Przybył Patrycja , Skotarczak Ewa , Nawracała Jerzy
Published: December 2024

Poland is one of the northernmost countries in the world where soybean breeding is actively conducted. A large collection of soybean genotypes was analyzed in three locations in Poland during the 2022–2023 growing seasons. The objective of this research was to determine the stability of yield, as well as the protein and fat content in the seeds of 280 genotypes. The phenotypic correlations across genotypes and environments were assessed using the Spearman coefficient. The statistical analysis was provided using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model. The stability of genotypes was assessed using the weighted average of absolute scores. The main factor differentiating the results between locations was the variation in weather conditions. The variety Karok, which ranks among the top 10% in genotype selection indices for yield and thousand-seed weight, is recommended based on studies conducted within the Post-Registration Variety Testing System in three voivodeships in Poland. Among the most stable genotypes, in terms of the traits analyzed in this paper, are many registered and currently grown soybean varieties such as Obelix Pompei, Coraline, Kapral, ES Mentor, NS Mercury, Pepita, Pollux, Silesia, and Heihe 45. The yield stability of soybean genotypes during the development of new varieties should be one of the factors analyzed by breeders.
Phenotypic Characters and Inheritance Tendency of Agronomic Traits in F1 Progeny of Chinese Cherry
Authors: Liu Zhenshan , Yang Shuaiwei , Hao Lisu , Wang Hao , Zhang Jing , He Wen , Li Mengyao , Lin Yuanxiu , Zhang Yunting , Chen Qing , Zhang Yong , Luo Ya , Tang Haoru , Wang Yan , Wang Xiaorong
Published: December 2024

Chinese cherry [Prunus. pseudocerasus Lindl., syn. Cerasus. pseudocerasus (Lindl.) G.Don], an economically important tetraploid fruit crop native to southwestern China, is celebrated as “the earliest fruit of spring”. Understanding the inheritance and heterosis of major agronomical traits is essential for advancing its breeding. In this study, we conducted a three-year observation and inheritance analysis of 32 economic traits in the reciprocal F1 populations (NH, n = 114; HN, n = 87) derived from Chinese cherry landraces “Nanzaohong” and “Hongfei”. The results revealed a broad segregation for all traits in F1 offspring. Fruit size exhibited an inheritance tendency toward smaller dimensions, with some individuals displaying extreme values (Fruit weight, HH = 3.90~12.15%) that highlighted the potential for selecting larger fruits. The hybrids showed a tendency for sweeter fruit flavor, with total soluble solids (RHm = 7.00~19.35%) and soluble sugar (RHm = 11.09% and 17.47%) exhibiting hybrid vigor, along with a decreasing tendency in titratable acid (RHm = −16.08~−1.05%). The flowering and fruiting phenology tended to occur earlier, with extremely early and late flowering lines offering the potential to extend the ornamental and harvesting periods. Fruit bitterness (H2 = 0.98 and 0.95) and fruit skin color (H2 = 0.93 and 0.89) displayed the highest heritability. Correlation analysis revealed strong internal correlations among trait categories, confirming the reliability of the data collection and analysis. Moreover, no significant differences were observed between the maternal and the paternal effect on the inheritance for agronomic traits attributes. This study systematically clarifies the inheritance trends of agronomic traits in Chinese cherry, providing a foundation for the rational selection of parental lines in breeding strategies and laying the groundwork for future molecular genetic research.
The Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Driving Factors of Soil Degradation in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China
Authors: Wu Zixuan , Jiang Jingyi , Dong Wencai , Cui Song
Published: December 2024

The Northeastern Black Soil Region in China is recognized as one of the three major black soil regions globally and is often regarded as a cornerstone of national food security. However, prolonged agricultural practices have led to increasingly severe soil degradation, and the mechanisms and driving factors behind the degradation of soil quality remain unclear. Therefore, this study examines the historical and current characteristics of soil quality, focusing on major influencing factors, such as the 70-year history of reclamation and climate change. By accessing different databases, reviewing the relevant literature, and performing Pearson correlation and redundancy analyses (RDA), this study investigated the variation patterns of significant soil quality indicators and their driving factors in the 0–20 cm soil layer along the latitudinal direction (Nenjiang, Beian, Hailun, and Harbin) in the typical black soil region of Northeast China. The main conclusions are as follows: the soil organic matter (SOM) content experienced a rapid decline in the 30 years preceding cultivation (1950~1980), with the greatest decline rate in the Beian area (about 1.10 g/kg per year). The SOM in the Beian, Hailun, and Harbin areas decreased from north to south, changing at rates of 9.40–21.67 g/kg/degree and 0.15–0.34 g/kg/m with latitude and elevation, respectively. Elevation impacts the annual rate of change in soil quality indicators through its influence on the annual mean maximum temperature (AMXT) and annual atmospheric pressure (AP). AMXT and AP exhibit a linear relationship with elevation, based on which regression models were established. The key factors influencing soil quality indicators in the black soil region include cultivation years (Y), annual mean maximum and minimum temperatures (AMXT and AMNT), annual relative humidity (ARH), and AP. An increase in chemical fertilizer application is among the critical factors affecting soil pH. Additionally, the extensive use of agricultural machinery can reduce soil porosity and cause water and salt accumulation, ultimately leading to a decline in soil pH. This study offers theoretical support for mitigating soil degradation in Northeast China’s black soil region, thereby contributing to national food security and promoting sustainable development.
The PET@home Toolkit: A Process Evaluation Study
Authors: Reniers Peter W. A. , Hediger Karin , Declercq Ine J. N. , Enders-Slegers Marie-José , Gerritsen Debby L. , Leontjevas Ruslan
Published: December 2024

The Dutch PET@home Toolkit was developed to mitigate challenges, foster conversations, and support planning concerning pets in long-term care at home. This process evaluation study aimed to evaluate the practical application of the toolkit on four topics: (1) satisfaction; (2) relevance; (3) feasibility; and (4) integration of the PET@home Toolkit materials in home care. Outcomes may be used to improve the toolkit materials to better align with the long-term care at home setting. Accounting for data saturation, professional caregivers (N = 6), clients (N = 2), and family caregivers (N = 2) who used toolkit materials participated in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were analyzed by two researchers in ATLAS.ti using an inductive-iterative approach. The researchers reached a consensus on themes and clustering within interview topics. This led to the identification of the following themes pertaining to each interview topic: satisfaction (general impression, suggestions for improvement); relevance (awareness, planning, pet-related aspects in practice, impact on healthcare quality); feasibility (healthcare practice, competence, quantity); and implementation (digitalization, task owner, piloting, timing). Several improvements were made to toolkit materials, such as providing clearer instructions for clients in the information booklet. Participants acknowledged the toolkit could lead to better planning while mitigating potential challenges concerning pets, which may lead to longer-lasting relationships between clients and their pets.
Revisiting Antibiotic-Impregnated Cement Spacer for Diabetic Osteomyelitis of the Foot
Authors: Khury Farouk , Karkabi Ihab , Mazzawi Elias , Norman Doron , Melamed Eyal A. , Peled Eli
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Despite the rising global awareness and improvement of socioeconomic and living standards, the prevalence of diabetic osteomyelitis (DOM) and its complications has been increasing rapidly. This study aims to investigate the long-term prognosis of DOM of the foot treated using antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer (ACS) and the contributing risk factors for reoperation. Methods and Materials: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 55 diabetic patients with Meggitt-Wagner Grade IIB wounds diagnosed with osteomyelitis of the foot, treated in our institution with excessive debridement, excision of the infected tissue, and implantation of antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer fixed with a Kirschner wire. Descriptive statistics, including patient demographics, were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using point-biserial correlation and a Chi-square test with Cramer’s V effect-size estimation to determine the relationship between reoperation and various parameters. Results: 55 patients (36 (65.45%) males and 19 (34.55%) females) with a median age of 64 (39–84) years were thoroughly analyzed throughout a median follow-up of 884 days (2–4671 days). Of the entire cohort, 29 (52.72%) patients achieved primary successful infection eradication without any further intervention, and 8 (14.54%) patients were successfully treated using a secondary procedure. More than half of the reoperated patients underwent the secondary intervention within less than a month after the primary ACS. When assessing correlation, age (r = 0.28, p = 0.04), gender (r = 0.31, p = 0.02), Staphylococcus aureus (r = −0.10, p = 0.04), and the use of gentamicin-only antibiotic cement spacer (r = 0.34, p = 0.01) demonstrated statistically significant correlation to reoperation. 89.18% of the patients who achieved infection eradication did not undergo cement removal. Conclusions: ACS has shown excellent results in eradicating bone infection with up to 7.23 years of follow-up, acting as a structural stabilizer, preventing soft tissue contractures, and delivering highly concentrated local antibiotic treatment both to soft tissue and bone. Regardless, specific factors should be thoroughly evaluated prior to surgery, as advancing age, gender, and the use of gentamicin-only antibiotics appear to be positively associated with a higher likelihood of reoperation. Conversely, infections caused by cultured Staphylococcus aureus seem to be inversely related to reoperation.
Identifying the Molecular Fingerprint of Beta-Lactams via Raman/SERS Spectroscopy Using Unconventional Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Stewardship
Authors: Anjos Vinicius Pereira , Marangoni Caroline Guimarães Pançardes da Silva , Nadas Rafael , Machado Thiago Neves , Krul Damaris , Rodrigues Luiza Souza , Dalla-Costa Libera Maria , Schreiner Wido Herwig , Zezell Denise Maria , Bezerra Arandi Ginane , de Góes Rafael Eleodoro
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Beta-lactam antibiotics, derived from penicillin, are the most used class of antimicrobials used for treating bacterial infections. Over the years, microorganisms have developed resistance mechanisms capable of preventing the effect of these drugs. This condition has been a significant public health concern for the 21st century, especially after predictions that antimicrobial resistance could lead to 10 million deaths annually by 2050. The challenge of developing new antimicrobials brings with it the need to ensure the efficacy of existing ones, hence the importance of developing fast and low-cost monitoring techniques. Methods: In this study, we present an alternative based on nanophotonics using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) mediated by nanoparticles for the detection of antimicrobials, with emphasis on some beta-lactam antibiotics commonly prescribed in cases of critically ill patients. It is a sensitive and accurate technique for drug monitoring, allowing for rapid and specific detection of its molecular signatures. This approach is crucial to address the challenge of antimicrobial resistance and ensure the therapeutic efficacy of existing treatments. Results: Our experiments demonstrate the possibility of identifying spectra with characteristic vibrations (fingerprints) of these antimicrobials via SERS. Conclusions: Our results point to new strategies for molecular monitoring of drugs by optical techniques using unconventional nanoparticles.
Accelerated Bacterial Identification with MALDI-TOF MS Leads to Fewer Diagnostic Tests and Cost Savings
Authors: Uzuriaga Miriam , Guillén-Grima Francisco , Rua Marta , Leiva José , Yuste José R.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Rapid microbiology reporting can enhance both clinical and economic outcomes. Material and Methods: This three-year, quasi-experimental study, single-group pretest–posttest study, conducted at a university medical center, aimed to evaluate the clinical and economic impact of rapid microbiological identification reporting using MALDI-TOF MS. A total of 363 consecutive hospitalized patients with bacterial infections were evaluated, comparing a historical control group (CG, n = 183) with an intervention group (IG, n = 180). In the CG, microbiological information (bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility) was provided between 18:00 and 22:00 h, while in the IG, bacterial identification was reported between 12:00 and 14:00 h, and antibiotic susceptibility was reported between 18:00 and 22:00 h. Results: The IG demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of patients undergoing Microbiology (p = 0.01), Biochemistry (p = 0.05), C-Reactive Protein (p = 0.02), Radiological Tests (p = 0.05), Computed Tomography Tests (p = 0.04), and Pathology (p = 0.01). However, no statistically significant reduction was observed in economic costs related to microbiological testing (p = 0.76) or antibiotic consumption (p = 0.59). The timely reporting of microbiological identification to clinicians resulted in fewer patients undergoing additional diagnostic tests, ultimately contributing to reduced healthcare resource utilization without adversely affecting clinical outcomes.
Chemical Profile and Promising Applications of Cucurbita pepo L. Flowers
Authors: Di Lorenzo Ritamaria , Castaldo Luigi , Sessa Raffaele , Ricci Lucia , Vardaro Eleonora , Izzo Luana , Grosso Michela , Ritieni Alberto , Laneri Sonia
Published: December 2024

Although edible flowers have been historically principally used due to their visual appeal and smell, the world is discovering their value as innovative and natural sources of bioactive compounds. Cucurbita pepo L. (CpL), a plant from the Cucurbitaceae family, is widely cultivated for its edible fruits and flowers, which are rich in polyphenols and carotenoids—compounds known for their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Despite their potential, the use of CpL flowers for skin-related applications remains underexplored. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze CpL flower extract (CpLfe), focusing on its polyphenolic and carotenoid content using, for the first time, advanced UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS and HPLC-DAD analysis. CpLfe highlighted remarkable antioxidant activity according to the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP tests. CpLfe showed significantly reduced intracellular ROS in HaCaT (23%, p < 0.05) and protected against UVB-induced damage by lowering MMP-1 expression. CpLfe also upregulated genes crucial for skin hydration (AQP3) and barrier function (CerS2, CerS4, and CerS6). A placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial further validated CpLfe efficacy, demonstrating marked improvements in moisture retention, wrinkle reduction, and collagen production in women aged 35–55. These findings suggested that CpL flowers could be a source of bioactive compounds recovered from edible flowers able to improve the major skin aging and photoaging features.
Aging Lung: Molecular Drivers and Impact on Respiratory Diseases—A Narrative Clinical Review
Authors: Górski Paweł , Białas Adam J. , Piotrowski Wojciech J.
Published: December 2024

The aging process significantly impacts lung physiology and is a major risk factor for chronic respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), asthma, and non-IPF interstitial lung fibrosis. This narrative clinical review explores the molecular and biochemical hallmarks of aging, such as oxidative stress, telomere attrition, genomic instability, epigenetic modifications, proteostasis loss, and impaired macroautophagy, and their roles in lung senescence. Central to this process are senescent cells, which, through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), contribute to chronic inflammation and tissue dysfunction. The review highlights parallels between lung aging and pathophysiological changes in respiratory diseases, emphasizing the role of cellular senescence in disease onset and progression. Despite promising research into modulating aging pathways with interventions like caloric restriction, mTOR inhibitors, and SIRT1 activators, clinical evidence for efficacy in reversing or preventing age-related lung diseases remains limited. Understanding the interplay between aging-related mechanisms and environmental factors, such as smoking and pollution, is critical for developing targeted therapies. This review underscores the need for future studies focusing on therapeutic strategies to mitigate aging’s detrimental effects on lung health and improve outcomes for patients with chronic respiratory conditions.
Efficient Wheel-Rail Stick-Slip Numerical Modeling for Railway Traction Vehicles
Authors: Oprea Razvan Andrei , Tudorache Cristina Mihaela , Spiroiu Marius Adrian
Published: December 2024

Motor railway vehicles necessitate enhanced control of wheel-rail contact mechanics to ensure optimal adhesion. During train running, driving wheelsets exhibit torsional vibrations that compromise adhesion and potentially lead to axle damage. Consequently, the development of dynamic models for analyzing driving wheelset stick-slip phenomena and control strategies is an area of significant research interest for traction control, studies on rail corrugation, and locomotive drivetrain design. Despite their application in various railway vehicle problems, non-smooth models have not been explored as an alternative for analyzing stick-slip, and existing research has focused on extensive computations based on Kalker’s theory or simplified models using constitutive friction laws. This work demonstrates the efficacy of non-smooth models in studying motor wheelset stick-slip. The non-smooth approach is suited for control systems, prioritizes simplicity while capturing the essential friction characteristics, and enables efficient dynamic simulations. The proposed model incorporates a set-valued friction law, and the equations of motion are formulated as a switch model. Numerical integration is achieved through an event-driven algorithm. The paper showcases application examples for the model. A direct comparison with an equivalent model using a constitutive friction law shows that the non-smooth integration is an order of magnitude more efficient in the stick phase.
Integration of BIM and GIS for the Digitization of the Built Environment
Authors: Piras Giuseppe , Muzi Francesco , Zylka Claudia
Published: December 2024

The integration of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a growing reality in the building production sector. Through this integration, it is possible to improve the efficiency of management, maintenance, use and planning of conservation operations, providing an integrated and dynamic vision of the built environment. Simultaneous exchange of BIM-GIS elements in a shared environment facilitates information access and optimizes processes like requalification, activity planning, safety and sustainable urban design. Two alternative strategies are proposed for the multidisciplinary approach, using advanced technologies to acquire, process and manage detailed and georeferenced data. The first one is an open-source environment to guarantee flexibility, customization and accessibility. The second option, in a closed-source environment, provides advanced functionalities and dedicated support. Both require careful planning, detailed analysis and collaboration between the disciplines of architecture, engineering and geoinformatics. The study transcends theoretical analysis by exploring practical implications for real-world systems integration, examining their advantages, limitations and potential synergies in terms of flexibility, security and sustainability. This will enable a more efficient and comprehensive management of the architectural heritage and the built environment, contributing to its preservation and enhancement in the context of the digital transition in a future perspective of smart cities.
Comparison of Writing Speed, Letter Size, and Upper Extremity Muscle Activation in Stroke Patients Using Two Writing Aids: Evaluation with the Jebsen–Taylor Hand Function Test
Authors: Jung Ji-Yong , Kim Jung-Ja
Published: December 2024

Currently, writing aids for upper extremity rehabilitation in stroke patients are not developed with consideration of biomechanical characteristics, making it difficult to achieve proper support effects. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a comparative analysis to examine how the use of two types of writing aids affects writing speed, letter size, and upper extremity muscle activation based on hand function and electromyography assessments in 12 stroke patients. Hand function was assessed using the Jebsen–Taylor hand function test, while writing ability (writing speed and letter size) was measured using the Korean alphabet writing test. Muscle activity was recorded using surface electromyography from both the paralyzed side (PS) and nonparalyzed side (NPS). The results showed that writing speed was significantly slower and horizontal letter sizes were larger on the PS. Additionally, muscle activation patterns on the PS were significantly influenced by the design of the writing aids, suggesting that the aids’ design affects compensatory movements and muscle function. These findings emphasize the importance of personalized rehabilitation tools that cater to the individual needs of stroke patients. Future research will focus on developing customized writing aids based on biomechanical data to better support rehabilitation goals.
Experimental Study on Deformation and Damage Evolution of Cracked Red Sandstone Under Freeze–Thaw Cycles
Authors: Han Xize , Sun Guangchen , Fu Helin , Tan Chao , Huang Zailong , Yin Peng , Zhang Qishu , Fan Wenchen , Yin Shuiping
Published: December 2024

Cracked rock masses in cold regions are subjected to freeze–thaw cycles over extended periods, resulting in freeze–thaw deformation. The combined effects of freeze–thaw cycling and the depth of cracks significantly influence the stability and durability of underground rock engineering in these regions. In some cold regions with minimal annual rainfall, rock masses are unable to absorb external water during freeze–thaw cycles. As freeze–thaw deformation progresses, the rock transitions naturally from a saturated state to an unsaturated state. To investigate the deformation damage mechanisms and evolution patterns of saturated red sandstone with initial non-penetrating cracks of varying depths (20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm) under freeze–thaw cycling conditions without external water replenishment and with naturally varying saturation levels, relevant freeze–thaw cycle experiments and strain monitoring were conducted. The results indicate that cracked red sandstone experiences residual strain in each freeze–thaw cycle, which gradually accumulates, leading to irreversible freeze–thaw damage deformation. The cumulative residual strain of the rock specimen after 45 freeze–thaw cycles was 40.69 times greater than the residual strain from the first cycle. Additionally, the freeze–thaw strain characteristic values exhibited a clear correlation with crack depth. These findings provide experimental methods and data references for analyzing the deformation and failure mechanisms of cracked rock induced by freeze–thaw damage in cold regions.
Numerical–Experimental Analysis to Optimize the Geometry of a Prosthetic Abutment
Authors: Grasso Giovanni M. , Bonfanti Marco , Alizzio Damiano , Lo Savio Fabio
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to identify methods for optimizing the geometry of dental prosthesis preparation, through both an analytical study and a numerical investigation. Assuming a 10° inclined load with respect to the median sagittal plane, a double algorithm was developed that was capable of calculating the axial resistance area and the cusp resistance area (if present) of a prosthetic abutment as the main geometric parameters vary. In particular, a coupling model with a pseudo-elliptical base was proposed, which is better than the circular shape representing the real shape assumed by the abutment following the dental intervention. The model also allows the presence of a cusp. This model was first analyzed using FEA, also simulating the presence of coupling cement between the abutment and the crown, and then physically made with a 10:1 scale prototype. The convergence of the experimental results found with the numerical–theoretical studies is an indication of the validity of the proposed model. A key contribution of this research using the proposed algorithm allowed to demonstrate that a superior limit of 0.25 for the ratio (HR) between the heights of the cusp sulcus (h-hc) and the abutment (h) is required to achieve good stability of the coupling. The methodology developed in this study is applicable to a variety of teeth, making it versatile and highly adaptable for broader clinical applications.
Innovation and Application of Cluster Edge Buttons of DTH Hammer Drill Bit in Large-Diameter Geothermal Well with High-Strength Rock
Authors: Ye Hongyu , Yu Haoyu , He Shengyu , Tian Longjun , Zheng Xiuhua , Bu Changgen
Published: December 2024

Down-the-hole (DTH) hammer drilling has high rock-breaking efficiency and a decisive advantage in hard rock drilling, which can reduce the cost of geothermal drilling. However, when the drill bit rotation speed and the DTH percussion frequency do not match properly, especially when the drill bit diameter is large and the ball button diameter is small, while drilling a high-strength formation, the edge buttons of the drill bit are prone to fracture and break, leading to the failure of the drill bit and a significant reduction in its lifespan. This paper investigates the failure modes firstly, then analyzes the failure mechanism of the large-diameter DTH bit, and finally proposes a novel method of cluster edge buttons of the DTH hammer drill bit in a large-diameter geothermal well with high-strength rock. The drill bit has been tested in a high-compressive-strength formation, and we will continue to do more testing and research in various geological conditions. Field application shows that this technology significantly improves the bit life and drilling efficiency and reduces the drilling costs.