bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Splošne knjižnice in izobraževanje odraslih
Authors: Šinko Simona
Published: July 2016

V prispevku obravnavamo konceptualne in zakonske podlage izobraževanja odraslih v splošnih knjižnicah. V drugem delu predstavljamo rezultate empirične raziskave o zanimanju za udeležbo na izobraževanjih s posameznih vsebinskih področij. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 943 odraslih uporabnikov Mestne knjižnice Ljubljana. Prikazane so razlike v izraženem zanimanju glede na spol, starost in doseženo stopnjo izobrazbe uporabnikov.
In Memoriam Professor Tatjana Bregant (1932–2002)
Authors: Budja Mihael
Published: July 2016

Many of you knew and worked with the respected Professor Tatjana Bregant years before me. You were her colleagues and co-workers in the research at Ljubljansko barje and Celje Castle, and in Lupljanica and Obre in Bosnia. You saw and knew the aspirations she had, and the energy she put into establishing the chair of “Neolithic Archaeology” and the study and research programmes at the Department of Archaeology and the Science Institute of Filozofska Fakulteta in Ljubljana.
Preface
Authors: Budja Mihael
Published: July 2016

The overtures to this Neolithic Studies anthology, were the seventh and eighth Neolithic Seminars held at the Department of Archaeology, University of Ljubljana in May 2000 and November 2001. As far as content is concerned, we have maintained to contemplate the neolithisation processes and the transition to farming in Eurasia as well concepts and models such as “agricultural frontier”, “demic diffusion” and related genetic palimpsest, “wave of advance”, “availability model”, “secondary centres of neolithisation” and, to “when” and “where” questions of plant domestication. Special attention was paid to “the analyses of transition to farming and human impact on the landscape” that has been completed under the tenure of a research project at the Department of Archaeology, University of Ljubljana (J6-8598-0581) and with the financial assistance of Slovenian Ministry for Science and Technology. There are papers address the gap between theory and method in the identification of prehistoric feasts and, the conception as shown on the vessels that had more of a ritual than a practical role. Particular attention is drawn to the pot with the calendar image.
Visual Analytics for Pattern Discovery in Home Care
Authors: Monsen Karen , Bae Sung-Heui , Zhang Wenhui , Radhakrishnan Kavita
Published: July 2016

Visualization can reduce the cognitive load of information, allowing users to easily interpret and assess large amounts of data. The purpose of our study was to examine home health data using visual analysis techniques to discover clinically salient associations between patient characteristics with problem-oriented health outcomes of older adult home health patients during the home health service period.

Knowledge, Behavior and Status ratings at discharge as well as change from admission to discharge that was coded using the Omaha System was collected from a dataset on 988 deidentified patient data from 15 home health agencies. SPSS Visualization Designer v1.0 was used to visually analyze patterns between independent and outcome variables using heat maps and histograms. Visualizations suggesting clinical salience were tested for significance using correlation analysis.

The mean age of the patients was 80 years, with the majority female (66%). Of the 150 visualizations, 69 potentially meaningful patterns were statistically evaluated through bivariate associations, revealing 21 significant associations. Further, 14 associations between episode length and Charlson co-morbidity index mainly with urinary related diagnoses and problems remained significant after adjustment analyses. Through visual analysis, the adverse association of the longer home health episode length and higher Charlson co-morbidity index with behavior or status outcomes for patients with impaired urinary function was revealed.

We have demonstrated the use of visual analysis to discover novel patterns that described high-needs subgroups among the older home health patient population. The effective presentation of these data patterns can allow clinicians to identify areas of patient improvement, and time periods that are most effective for implementing home health interventions to improve patient outcomes.

Citation: Radhakrishnan K, Monsen KA, Bae S-H, Zhang W. Visual analytics for pattern discovery in home care: Clinical relevance for quality improvement.
Theoretical investigation of mixing in warm clouds – Part 2: Homogeneous
mixing
Authors: Pinsky Mark , Khain Alexander , Korolev Alexei , Magaritz-Ronen Leehi
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Evolution of monodisperse and polydisperse droplet size distributions (DSD) during homogeneous mixing is analyzed. Time-dependent universal analytical expressions for supersaturation and liquid water content are derived. For an initial monodisperse DSD, these quantities are shown to depend on a sole non-dimensional parameter. The evolution of moments and moment-related functions in the course of homogeneous evaporation of polydisperse DSD is analyzed using a parcel model.It is shown that the classic conceptual scheme, according to which homogeneous mixing leads to a decrease in droplet mass at constant droplet concentration, is valid only in cases of monodisperse or initially very narrow polydisperse DSD. In cases of wide polydisperse DSD, mixing and successive evaporation lead to a decrease of both mass and concentration, so the characteristic droplet sizes remain nearly constant. As this feature is typically associated with inhomogeneous mixing, we conclude that in cases of an initially wide DSD at cloud top, homogeneous mixing is nearly indistinguishable from inhomogeneous mixing.
Stratospheric gravity waves at Southern Hemisphere orographic
hotspots: 2003–2014 AIRS/Aqua observations
Authors: Hoffmann Lars , Grimsdell Alison W. , Alexander M. Joan
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Stratospheric gravity waves from small-scale orographic sources are currently not well-represented in general circulation models. This may be a reason why many simulations have difficulty reproducing the dynamical behavior of the Southern Hemisphere polar vortex in a realistic manner. Here we discuss a 12-year record (2003–2014) of stratospheric gravity wave activity at Southern Hemisphere orographic hotspots as observed by the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) aboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Aqua satellite. We introduce a simple and effective approach, referred to as the “two-box method”, to detect gravity wave activity from infrared nadir sounder measurements and to discriminate between gravity waves from orographic and other sources. From austral mid-fall to mid-spring (April–October) the contributions of orographic sources to the observed gravity wave occurrence frequencies were found to be largest for the Andes (90 %), followed by the Antarctic Peninsula (76 %), Kerguelen Islands (73 %), Tasmania (70 %), New Zealand (67 %), Heard Island (60 %), and other hotspots (24–54 %). Mountain wave activity was found to be closely correlated with peak terrain altitudes, and with zonal winds in the lower troposphere and mid-stratosphere. We propose a simple model to predict the occurrence of mountain wave events in the AIRS observations using zonal wind thresholds at 3 and 750 hPa. The model has significant predictive skill for hotspots where gravity wave activity is primarily due to orographic sources. It typically reproduces seasonal variations of the mountain wave occurrence frequencies at the Antarctic Peninsula and Kerguelen Islands from near zero to over 60 % with mean absolute errors of 4–5 percentage points. The prediction model can be used to disentangle upper level wind effects on observed occurrence frequencies from low-level source and other influences. The data and methods presented here can help to identify interesting case studies in the vast amount of AIRS data, which could then be further explored to study the specific characteristics of stratospheric gravity waves from orographic sources and to support model validation.
Adjusting particle-size distributions to account for aggregation in
tephra-deposit model forecasts
Authors: Mastin Larry G. , Van Eaton Alexa R. , Durant Adam J.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Volcanic ash transport and dispersion (VATD) models are used to forecast tephra deposition during volcanic eruptions. Model accuracy is limited by the fact that fine-ash aggregates (clumps into clusters), thus altering patterns of deposition. In most models this is accounted for by ad hoc changes to model input, representing fine ash as aggregates with density ρagg, and a log-normal size distribution with median μagg and standard deviation σagg. Optimal values may vary between eruptions. To test the variance, we used the Ash3d tephra model to simulate four deposits: 18 May 1980 Mount St. Helens; 16–17 September 1992 Crater Peak (Mount Spurr); 17 June 1996 Ruapehu; and 23 March 2009 Mount Redoubt. In 192 simulations, we systematically varied μagg and σagg, holding ρagg constant at 600 kg m−3. We evaluated the fit using three indices that compare modeled versus measured (1) mass load at sample locations; (2) mass load versus distance along the dispersal axis; and (3) isomass area. For all deposits, under these inputs, the best-fit value of μagg ranged narrowly between  ∼  2.3 and 2.7φ (0.20–0.15 mm), despite large variations in erupted mass (0.25–50 Tg), plume height (8.5–25 km), mass fraction of fine ( <  0.063 mm) ash (3–59 %), atmospheric temperature, and water content between these eruptions. This close agreement suggests that aggregation may be treated as a discrete process that is insensitive to eruptive style or magnitude. This result offers the potential for a simple, computationally efficient parameterization scheme for use in operational model forecasts. Further research may indicate whether this narrow range also reflects physical constraints on processes in the evolving cloud.
Assessment of land use impact on hydraulic threshold conditions for gully head cut initiation
Authors: Samani Aliakbar Nazari , Chen Qiuwen , Khalighi Shahram , Wasson Robert James , Rahdari Mohammad Reza
Published: July 2016

Abstract. A gully as an accelerated erosion process is responsible for land degradation under various environmental conditions and has been known as a threshold phenomenon. Although the effects of gullying processes have been well documented, few soil erosion models have taken into account the threshold condition necessary for gully development. This research was devoted to determining the effects of land use change on hydraulic threshold condition and stream power of water flow through an in situ experimental flume (15 m  ×  0.4 m). Results indicated that head cut initiation and detachment rates showed a better correlation to stream power indices than shear stress (τcr). The threshold unit stream power value (ωu) for head cut initiation in rangeland, abandoned land, and dry farming land was 0.0276, 0.0149, and 4.5  ×  10−5 m s−1, respectively. Moreover, the micro-relief condition of soil surface and surface vegetation affected the flow regime of discharge and velocity. It is seen that the composite hydraulic criteria of Froude number (Fr) and discharge (Q) can clearly discriminate the land uses' threshold. In fact, the remarkable decrease of τcr in dry farming was related to the effect of tillage practice on soil susceptibility and aggregate strength. The findings indicated that using the unit steam power index instead of critical shear stress could increase the models' precision for prediction of head cut development. Compared to the Ephemeral Gully Erosion Model (EGEM) equation for critical shear stress, it is important to point out that for modelling of gully erosion, using single soil attributes can lead to an inaccurate estimation for τcr. In addition, based on the findings of this research, the use of threshold values of τcr  =  35 dyne cm−2 and ωu  =  0.4 cm s−1 in physically based soil erosion models is susceptible to high uncertainty when assessing gully erosion.
Seasonality of hydrological model spin-up time: a case study using the Xinanjiang model
Authors: Rahman Mohammad M. , Lu Minjiao , Kyi Khin H.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The internal adjustment process of a hydrological model followed by an unusual initial condition is known as the model spin-up. And the time required for a complete adjustment is termed as the model spin-up time. Model results for the duration of this spin-up progression are greatly impacted by the initial conditions, and often impractical or erroneous. The speed of this adjustment process is affected by the characteristics of the input data sets and their persistence. This study discusses the variability and seasonality of hydrological model spin-up time against the aridity of the river basin using multi-year climatologies for 18 river basins distributed relatively snow-free regions of the USA. The Xinanjiang model was run with each of all available year input data sets with two extreme initial conditions (saturated and unsaturated) and thereafter detected the model equilibrium state based on the Mahalanobis distance between the soil moisture states of two model runs. The seasonality of model spin-up was investigated by conducting multiple simulations that start from different time of a year. The basin average soil moisture memory (SMM) timescale (Rahman et al., 2015) and basin aridity index was estimated and thereafter investigated their relationship with the average model spin-up time. Analysis suggests that the spin-up time highly varies with the simulation starting time and the dryness of the river basin. Overall, in all basins, model achieves the equilibrium state quickly while the simulation starts in late autumn (October–November). On the other hand, model equilibrates slowly while simulation starts in spring (March–May). Wet basin shows stronger variability of the model spin-up time (mean range 154 days) throughout the year as compared with that of dry basins (mean range 78 days). The mean spin-up time is shorter for wet basins (154 days) and longer for dry basins (233 days). The spin-up times are 3–7 times longer than the SMM timescale. The basin-wise mean spin-up time shows linear and exponential relationship with the SMM timescale and the basin aridity index respectively. The relationship offers predictability of model spin-up time from widely available potential evaporation and precipitation data sets.
Numerical Solution and Application of Time-Space Fractional Governing Equations of One-Dimensional Unsteady Open Channel Flow Process
Authors: Ercan Ali , Kavvas M. Levent
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Although fractional integration and differentiation have found many applications in various fields of science, such as physics, finance, bioengineering, continuum mechanics and hydrology, their engineering applications, especially in the field of fluid flow processes, are rather limited. In this study, a finite difference numerical approach is proposed to solve the time-space fractional governing equations of one-dimensional unsteady/non-uniform open channel flow process. By numerical simulations, results of the proposed fractional governing equations of the open channel flow process were compared with those of the standard Saint Venant equations. Numerical simulations showed that flow discharge and water depth can exhibit heavier tails in downstream locations as space and time fractional derivative powers decrease from 1. The fractional governing equations under consideration are generalizations of the well-known Saint Venant equations, which are written in the integer differentiation framework. The new governing equations in the fractional order differentiation framework have the capability of modeling nonlocal flow processes both in time and in space by taking the global correlations into consideration. Furthermore, the generalized flow process may shed light into understanding the theory of the anomalous transport processes and observed heavy tailed distributions of particle displacements in transport processes.
Simulation model for the evaluation and design of miniaturized non-resonant
photoacoustic gas sensors
Authors: Huber Jochen , Schmitt Katrin , Wöllenstein Jürgen
Published: July 2016

Abstract. This publication reports the derivation and the implementation of a simulation model that describes non-resonant photoacoustic gas sensors. The photoacoustic effect is modelled in detail for the successive steps of radiation emission, stimulation of molecules, collisional relaxation processes and finally the pressure formation in a closed gas cell. The photoacoustic effect offers great potential in the development of selective, miniaturized gas sensor systems. We verify and discuss the results of our model assuming typical parameters and values in indoor CO2 sensing applications. We set up a sensor system for experimental verification of the simulated data and discuss the results. The results of the simulation model are in good accordance with the experimental data and can therefore be used as a novel and efficient tool for the development of non-resonant photoacoustic gas sensor systems.
Statistical indicators of Arctic sea-ice stability – prospects and limitations
Authors: Bathiany Sebastian , van der Bolt Bregje , Williamson Mark S. , Lenton Timothy M. , Scheffer Marten , van Nes Egbert H. , Notz Dirk
Published: July 2016

Abstract. We examine the relationship between the mean and the variability of Arctic sea-ice coverage and volume in a large range of climates from globally ice-covered to globally ice-free conditions. Using a hierarchy of two column models and several comprehensive Earth system models, we consolidate the results of earlier studies and show that mechanisms found in simple models also dominate the interannual variability of Arctic sea ice in complex models. In contrast to predictions based on very idealised dynamical systems, we find a consistent and robust decrease of variance and autocorrelation of sea-ice volume before summer sea ice is lost. We attribute this to the fact that thinner ice can adjust more quickly to perturbations. Thereafter, the autocorrelation increases, mainly because it becomes dominated by the ocean water's large heat capacity when the ice-free season becomes longer. We show that these changes are robust to the nature and origin of climate variability in the models and do not depend on whether Arctic sea-ice loss occurs abruptly or irreversibly. We also show that our climate is changing too rapidly to detect reliable changes in autocorrelation of annual time series. Based on these results, the prospects of detecting statistical early warning signals before an abrupt sea-ice loss at a "tipping point" seem very limited. However, the robust relation between state and variability can be useful to build simple stochastic climate models and to make inferences about past and future sea-ice variability from only short observations or reconstructions.
The Impact of Relationship-Oriented and Task-Oriented Management Styles on Organizational Climate in Tehran's High Schools
Authors: Gholami Zahra
Published: July 2016

The present study was aimed to examine the effect of relationship-oriented and task-oriented management styles on organizational atmosphere in Tehran's high schools in 2016. Research method was practical in terms of objective; and it was survey-descriptive in terms of data collection. The statistical population consisted of all high school managers in Tehran, from which 322 individuals were selected as sample size, using Cochran Formula and Stratified Cluster Sampling Method. Data collection was done based on Halpin and Croft's Organizational Climate questionnaire, and Bardtz and Matenkas's management Style questionnaire. After collecting the questionnaires, data were examined and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling method and Smart PLS software in two sections: 1) measurement model and 2) structural section. In the first section, technical features of the questionnaires included reliability, convergent validity, divergent validity, which were examined through PLS. In the second section, the software's significance coefficients were used for examining research hypotheses. Finally, findings approved of the effect of relationship-oriented and task-oriented management styles on organizational climate in Tehran's high schools. 
Improvement of Human Resources Quality through Vocational Training in Tourism in Karimunjawa Islands (Central Java, Indonesia): A Pro-Economical Tourism Approach
Authors: Putro S. Eko , Sukirno Sukirno , S. Budi , W. Didik
Published: July 2016

The effort to improve human resource quality is not easy to be implemented. This effort becomes more complicated to do when implemented to the group of poor community, especially in this case marginal community of small island. This research analyzes the characteristic of poor household in small island as well as the strategy of poverty eradication through the improvement of human resource quality. This is a qualitative research supported by quantitative approach. Data was collected through in-depth interview, focus group discussion, and survey. Research result indicates that the groups of traditional farmers and fishermen spread out of Karimunjawa islands who are categorized extremely poor and having limited human resource. In one side, Karimunjawa apparently has a potential to be a tourist spot. Karimunjawa inhabitants are interested to take part in economical tourism activity. This study recommends a strategy to eradicate poverty and improve human resource quality through Pro-Poor Tourism (PPT) Approach which is based on vocational tourism training.
The Relations between Islam and Secularism: The Impact on Social Behavior in Turkey
Authors: Ismail Nik Ahmad Hisham , Tekke Mustafa
Published: July 2016

Secularism as central to society and human life may bring undesired negative consequences in Muslim societies. Increasing social problems among juveniles in Turkey raised questions regarding the right personality development and education of young people. In extending further analysis, we conducted semi-structured interview with experts to assess the level of Turkish personality and impact of Said Nursi, who is a very influential Islamic scholar in Turkish society and to the Islamic movement in general. This study implies that education integrated with Islamic belief and practice will be more influential to educate Turkish Muslims, rather than secular based teaching. This result will be a guideline for educationists and counselors. In future study, developing a personality scale integrated with belief and practice will be beneficial to Muslim communities.
Analyzing the Relationship between Positive Psychological Capital and Organizational Commitment of the Teachers
Authors: YALCIN Sinan
Published: July 2016

In this study it was aimed to determine the relationship between teachers’ positive psychological capital levels and organisational commitment. The study was conducted as a correlational survey which is one of the quantitative methods. The sample group consists of 244 teachers selected by using random sampling method among 1270 teachers working in primary, elementary and high schools in Erzincan city center in 2015-2016 academic year. The data was collected with Positive Psychological Capital Scale and Organisational Commitment Scale. The data was analysed by using correlation and regression analyses. The findings show that there was a significant positive relationship between the teachers’ positive psychological capital levels and organizational commitment in terms of both total scores and sub-dimensions.
Improve Operations With Next‐Generation SCADA and Telemetry Systems
Authors: Moulton William , Parra Manuel
Published: July 2016

Transmitting high‐quality operational data to cloud services allows water treatment plant operators to proactively control their infrastructure with tools specifically designed for them.
Conductas de ciberadicción y experiencias de cyberbullying entre adolescentes
Authors: Cerezo Fuensanta , Arnaiz Pilar , Gimenez Ana Maria , Maquilón Javier J.
Published: July 2016

The relationship between young people and technologies implies some risks like online addiction and cyberbullying. This study analyses the use of mobile phones and computers in a sample of adolescents, their online addiction behaviours, and bullying and cyberbullying experiences considering the influence of gender and school level. Parental control during Internet use is also considered. Using a self-report questionnaire, 1353 secondary and high school adolescents between 12-21 years-old participated (M = 14.8; SD = 1.62; 52.8% boys). Results show an average of 1-2 hours daily use of mobile phone and computers. Around 13% of students report online addictions behaviors and 32% are in risk of, with differences by gender and school level. Results indicate more involvement in traditional bullying (12%) than in cyberbullying (7.7%), and a significant association between both behaviors and technologies use. Besides, parental mediation acts as protective factor. In conclusion, this study underlines the need to teach young people and educators about risks regarding excessive use of technology.
Valoración afectiva de ambientes residenciales y funcionales de alta y baja densidad
Authors: Tomás Cardoso Rafael , Amérigo María , Aragonés Juan Ignacio
Published: July 2016

This paper contrasts high and low-density residential and functional environments through an assessment of the pleasure and arousal said environments elicit. The relationships between these affective dimensions and a measure of emotional well-being and personality traits are also explored. Two hundred thirty-eight university students assessed the degree of pleasure and arousal elicited by a series of images depicting high and low-density residential and functional environments. The findings clearly reveal that residential environments produce more pleasurable feelings than functional spaces, regardless of their density. However, as regards arousal, the feelings produced by residential and functional environments vary on depending on their density. It concludes that residential environments are more adaptable environments in terms of emotional well-being.
Psicología Positiva en España: Un retrato de un pujante campo de estudio
Authors: Hervás Gonzalo
Published: July 2016

<span style="font-family: 'Garamond',serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Positive Psychology has been alive for almost two decades and it is a good moment to take stock and, most importantly, present a set of studies that allow us to identify trends, interests, methodologies and results that are being generated within our borders. This monograph is thus an invitation to the reader, either researcher or professional, to explore this territory and use this as a starting point for further investigation in the Positive Psychology literature
Scrivere “in altre parole” Jhumpa Lahiri e la lingua italiana
Authors: Groppaldi Andrea , Sergio Giuseppe
Published: July 2016

This paper will esamin the linguistic experience of Jhumpa Lahiri, english writer from Bengala, who won in 2000 Pulitzer. She represents a real peculiar experience between a long history of Italian literature wrote by foreign writers. In fact, Lahiri comes to Italian language after a long and solid road, which took her to become a great writer in USA. She doesn’t fell, in opposition to all the first generation of foreign auctors, the necessity to use Italian language to tell about racism, bad experience of migrants. She meets our language by a rapid falling in love, based on beauty (after a travel in Florence). Lahiri fells the necessity to tell this love history using Italian language in a novel, sort of autobiographic linguistic novel, in 2015: In altre parole. Italian language, in this way, becomes the way and the object at the same time, which is used to write Stories. It I a particular language, unic in Italian Literature wrote by foreign people.
High-sensitivity organic phototransistors prepared by floating film transfer method
Authors: Bhargava Kshitij , Singh Vipul
Published: July 2016

In this report, the performance characteristics of organic phototransistors (OPTs) prepared by the floating film transfer method (FTM) and spin coating (SC) technique are compared. The FTM OPT shows a 2-order-higher photosensitivity under an electrically induced off-state as compared with the SC OPT. Furthermore, the FTM OPT shows improved gate voltage tunabilities of photosensitivity and responsivity as compared with the SC OPT. These observed results are explained on the basis of the improved thin film morphology of the active poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) layer in the FTM OPT, pointing towards the significance of thin film processing conditions in obtaining high-sensitivity OPTs.
Two high-density recording methods with run-length limited turbo code for holographic data storage system
Authors: Nakamura Yusuke , Hoshizawa Taku
Published: July 2016

Two methods for increasing the data capacity of a holographic data storage system (HDSS) were developed. The first method is called “run-length-limited (RLL) high-density recording”. An RLL modulation has the same effect as enlarging the pixel pitch; namely, it optically reduces the hologram size. Accordingly, the method doubles the raw-data recording density. The second method is called “RLL turbo signal processing”. The RLL turbo code consists of

trellis modulation and an optimized convolutional code. The remarkable point of the developed turbo code is that it employs the RLL modulator and demodulator as parts of the error-correction process. The turbo code improves the capability of error correction more than a conventional LDPC code, even though interpixel interference is generated. These two methods will increase the data density 1.78-fold. Moreover, by simulation and experiment, a data density of 2.4 Tbit/in.2 is confirmed.
Readout fidelity of coaxial holographic digital data page recording in nanoparticle–(thiol–ene) polymer composites
Authors: Nagaya Kohta , Hata Eiji , Tomita Yasuo
Published: July 2016

We report on an experimental investigation of nanoparticle-concentration and thiol-to-ene stoichiometric ratio dependences of symbol error rates (SERs) and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of digital data pages recorded at a wavelength of 532 nm in thiol–ene based nanoparticle–polymer composite (NPC) films by using a coaxial holographic digital data storage method. We show that SERs and SNRs at the optimized material condition can be lower than 1 × 10−4 and higher than 10, respectively, without error correction coding. These results show the usefulness of thiol–ene based NPCs as coaxial holographic data storage media.
Site fidelity, size, and morphology may differ by tidal position for an intertidal fish,Bathygobius cocosensis(Perciformes-Gobiidae), in Eastern Australia
Authors: Malard Lucie A. , McGuigan Katrina , Riginos Cynthia
Published: July 2016

The intertidal zone is a transitional environment that undergoes daily environmental fluctuations as tides rise and fall. Relatively few fish species are adapted to endure the physiological pressures of this environment. This study focused onBathygobius cocosensis(Gobiidae), a common intertidal fish in New South Wales, Australia. We investigated whether shore height impacted site fidelity, survival probability, fish size, and morphological traits with respect to tidal height. Mark-recapture methods were used over a five month period to determine if individuals in high shore pools had greater site fidelity; fish in high tide pools were more than twice as likely to be recaptured in their original pool than fish from low tide pools. High pool individuals were, on average, smaller with larger eyes and longer snouts relative to their size as compared to low pool individuals. We discuss several mechanisms that could cause the observed pattern in morphological variation. Ultimately, this study suggests that within species behaviour and morphology differ by tidal position for an intertidal fish.
Echocardiographic Parameters and Outcomes in Primary Fetal Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ezon David S. , Ayres Nancy A. , Altman Carolyn A. , Denfield Susan W. , Morris Shaine A. , Maskatia Shiraz A.
Published: July 2016

Objectives

Primary fetal cardiomyopathy is a rare entity, with a poor prognosis. We sought to describe its echocardiographic characteristics and outcomes.

Methods

We performed a 12‐year retrospective review of fetuses with primary cardiomyopathy.

Results

Of more than 6000 fetuses evaluated, 25 met criteria for primary cardiomyopathy, and 18 had sufficient echocardiographic and pregnancy outcome data for inclusion. At echocardiography, the median gestational age was 29.6 weeks (range, 21.0–36.4 weeks); median cardiovascular profile score was 6 (range, 1–9); median right ventricular Tei index was 0.52 (range, 0.32–0.94); and median left ventricular Tei index was 0.40 (range, 0.15–0.88). Two had fetal demise, and 16 survived to delivery. The median cardiovascular profile score in those with fetal demise was 3.0 and in those who survived to delivery was 6.5 (range, 3–9; P = .14). The median right ventricular Tei index in those with fetal demise was 0.39 and in those surviving to delivery was 0.53 (range, 0.38–0.94; P = .49). The median left ventricular Tei index in those with fetal demise was 0.29 and in those surviving to delivery was 0.42 (range, 0.15–0.88; P = .50). Sixty‐day survival was available in 11 of 16 fetuses. In addition to the 2 with fetal demise, 4 had postnatal demise, and 5 were alive at a median follow‐up of 39 months. Hydrops (P = .01), skin edema (P = .01), and mild or greater mitral regurgitation (P = .02) were associated with fetal or postnatal demise, with a trend toward an association between moderate or greater tricuspid regurgitation (P = .07) and fetal or postnatal demise.

Conclusions

Hydrops and atrioventricular valvar regurgitation are ominous signs in primary fetal cardiomyopathy. Although other commonly used methods for assessing cardiovascular performance may help in diagnosing primary cardiomyopathy, these data suggest limited predictive value.
Three‐Versus Two‐Dimensional Sonographic Biometry for Predicting Birth Weight and Macrosomia in Diabetic Pregnancies
Authors: Tuuli Methodius G. , Kapalka Kristen , Macones George A. , Cahill Alison G.
Published: July 2016

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a formula incorporating 3‐dimensional (3D) fractional thigh volume would be superior to the conventional 2‐dimensional (2D) formula of Hadlock et al (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 151:333–337) for predicting birth weight and macrosomia.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study of pregnancies complicated by pregestational or gestational diabetes and delivered after 38 weeks. Two‐dimensional and 3D sonographic examinations were performed for fetal biometry and factional thigh volumes at 34 to 37 weeks. Fetal weight was estimated by Hadlock's 2D formula IV, which uses only 2D biometry, and formula 6 from Lee et al (Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2009; 34:556–565), which incorporates 3D fractional thigh volume and 2D biometry. The gestation‐adjusted projection method was used to estimate predicted birth weights from 2D and 3D estimates. The primary outcome was fetal macrosomia, which was defined as birth weight of 4000 g or higher.

Results

A total of 115 women with diabetes met inclusion criteria, and 17 (14.8%) delivered macrosomic neonates. The mean percentage error was significantly lower for the 2D than the 3D projected estimate (1.0% versus 12.0%; P < .01). The standard deviation of the mean percentage error was also significantly lower for the 2D projected estimate (10.2% versus 17.2%; P< .01). Two‐dimensional biometry was overall superior to 3D biometry for predicting macrosomia (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.88 versus 0.75; P = .03). Specificity was significantly higher for 2D biometry (85% versus 66%; P < .01), whereas the difference in sensitivity was not statistically significant (59% versus 71%; P = .22).

Conclusions

In this study, the Hadlock 2D formula was superior to the 3D method for predicting birth weight and macrosomia in diabetic women when used approximately 2 weeks before delivery, based on the gestation‐adjusted projection method.
Young adults' accounts of buying rounds of alcoholic drinks for friends: Implications for harm reduction
Authors: Riazi Sima , MacLean Sarah
Published: July 2016

Riazi, S., & MacLean, S. (2016). Young adults' accounts of buying rounds of alcoholic drinks for friends: Implications for harm reduction. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(3), 125-129. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i3.229Aims: Buying or shouting rounds (purchasing alcoholic drinks for oneself and others at the same time) at on-premise licensed venues, such as nightclubs and bars, is a widespread Australian cultural practice. Our paper aims to provide detailed information on young adults’ attitudes and practices concerning round buying.Methods: Thematic analysis of research interviews involving 60 young adults living in Melbourne was conducted using NVivo 10, yielding three key themes.Findings: (1) Contexts where round buying occurred: young adults considered group size and culture, as well as bar activity, when determining whether they should round buy with their friends. In busy venues, round buying conveniently reduced the number of trips to and time waiting at the bar. Round buying was less likely to occur in groups larger than 4-5 people, as beyond this participants found it difficult to control the reciprocity of round buying, cost, and consumption of alcohol. (2) Sociability: while round buying did not occur within the friendship groups of all participants, it was seen by many as an important way of demonstrating connections with friends. (3) Consumption: overwhelmingly, participants believed that round buying increases their overall alcohol intake through implicit and explicit pressures to consume more.Conclusions: Policies that limit round buying may offer a means to reduce alcohol-related harm. In addition, education that challenges round buying rules and expectations may help alleviate pressure on young adults to consume heavily.
Loss of mtch2 function impairs early development of liver, intestine and visceral adipocytes in zebrafish larvae
Authors: Landgraf Kathrin , Strobach Ariane , Kiess Wieland , Körner Antje
Published: July 2016

The mitochondrial carrier homologue 2 (MTCH2) has been shown to be essential for embryogenesis in mice, and variants in the MTCH2 locus have been linked to obesity in humans. Here, we investigated the importance of mtch2 for embryogenesis and adipocyte formation in zebrafish in vivo. We show that mtch2 is conserved in zebrafish and broadly expressed during embryogenesis. Knock‐down of mtch2 results in impaired development of liver and intestine, and is associated with a reduced number of adipocytes and impaired postembryonic growth. The findings indicate an essential role for mtch2 during organ development and adipogenesis in vivo.
Near‐surface fault detection using high‐resolution shear wave reflection seismics at the CO2CRC Otway Project site, Australia
Authors: Beilecke Thies , Krawczyk Charlotte M. , Ziesch Jennifer , Tanner David C.
Published: July 2016

High‐resolution, near‐surface, shear wave reflection seismic measurements were carried out in November 2013 at the CO2CRC Otway Project site, Victoria, Australia, with the aim to determine whether and, if so, where deeper faults reach the near subsurface. From a previous P wave 3‐D reflection seismic data set that was concentrated on a reservoir at 2 km depth, we can only interpret faults up to 400 m below sea level. For the future monitoring in the overburden of the CO2 reservoir it is important to know whether and how the faults continue in the subsurface. We prove that two regional fault zones do in fact reach the surface instead of dying out at depth. Individual first‐break signatures in the shot gathers along the profiles support this interpretation. However, this finding does not imply perforce communication between the reservoir and the surface in the framework of CO2 injection. The shear wave seismic sections are complementary to existing P wave volumes. They image with high resolution (better than 3 m vertically) different tectonic structures. Similar structures also outcrop on the southern coast of the Otway Basin. Both the seismic and the outcrops evidence the complex youngest structural history of the area.
Two‐scale ion meandering caused by the polarization electric field during asymmetric reconnection
Authors: Wang Shan , Chen Li‐Jen , Hesse Michael , Bessho Naoki , Gershman Daniel J. , Dorelli John , Giles Barbara , Torbert Roy B. , Pollock Craig J. , Strangeway Robert , Ergun Robert E. , Burch James L. , Avanov Levon , Lavraud Benoit , Moore Thomas E. , Saito Yoshifumi
Published: July 2016

Ion velocity distribution functions (VDFs) from a particle‐in‐cell simulation of asymmetric reconnection are investigated to reveal a two‐scale structure of the ion diffusion region (IDR). Ions bouncing in the inner IDR are trapped mainly by the electric field normal to the current sheet (N direction), while those reaching the outer IDR are turned back mainly by the magnetic force. The resulting inner layer VDFs have counter‐streaming populations along N with decreasing counter‐streaming speeds away from the midplane while maintaining the out‐of‐plane speed, and the outer layer VDFs exhibit crescent shapes toward the out‐of‐plane direction. Observations of the above VDF features and the normal electric fields provide evidence for the two‐scale meandering motion.
Surface Modification of Powder Metallurgy Titanium by Colloidal Techniques and Diffusion Processes for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ureña Julia , Mendoza Carlos , Ferrari Begoña , Castro Yolanda , Tsipas Sophia A. , Jiménez‐Morales Antonia , Gordo Elena
Published: July 2016

This contribution focuses on modifying the composition and surface characteristics of powder metallurgy titanium substrates to improve their wear resistance and to reduce the surface Young's modulus, while maintaining the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. The modification consists of Mo and TiN coatings produced by colloidal techniques which are deposited by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) or spraying onto green or sintered titanium substrates. The final surface structures are formed during a heat treatment, during which diffusion and consolidation of the layers take place. The surfaces are characterised by XRD, SEM, and micro‐indentation; showing diffusion areas of between 40 and 85 microns with clear microstructural changes as well as higher hardness values.
Lungenkrebs: EGFR‐Inhibitoren mit hoher Wirksamkeit gegen die therapieresistente L858R/T790M/C797S‐Mutante.
Authors: Günther Marcel , Juchum Michael , Kelter Gerhard , Fiebig Heiner , Laufer Stefan
Published: July 2016

Die Therapie des nichtkleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms mit Inhibitoren des epidermalen Wachstumsfaktors (EGFR) ist ein Wettstreit gegen erworbene, durch Mutationen verursachte Resistenzen. EGFR‐Inhibitoren der dritten Generation wurden gezielt dazu entwickelt, Tumorresistenzen durch eine kovalente Bindung an Cys 797 des Enzyms zu überwinden. Solche Inhibitoren sind gegen die meisten klinisch relevanten EGFR‐Mutanten sehr wirksam. Da aber ihre inhibitorische Aktivität maßgeblich durch die kovalent‐irreversible Interaktion bestimmt wird, führt eine kürzlich in Patienten nachgewiesene dritte Mutation (C797S) zu einem drastischen Wirkverlust dieser Arzneimittel. Nun wurde eine neue Strukturklasse von reversiblen und irreversiblen EGFR‐Inhibitoren entwickelt. Letztere zeichnen sich durch zusätzliche starke nichtkovalente Bindungsmotive aus und weisen dadurch eine hohe Potenz gegenüber dem Cystein‐mutierten L858R/T790M/C797S‐EGFR‐Enzym auf.
Accelerated Chemical Reactions and Organic Synthesis in Leidenfrost Droplets
Authors: Bain Ryan M. , Pulliam Christopher J. , Thery Fabien , Cooks R. Graham
Published: July 2016

Leidenfrost levitated droplets can be used to accelerate chemical reactions in processes that appear similar to reaction acceleration in charged microdroplets produced by electrospray ionization. Reaction acceleration in Leidenfrost droplets is demonstrated for a base‐catalyzed Claisen–Schmidt condensation, hydrazone formation from precharged and neutral ketones, and for the Katritzky pyrylium into pyridinium conversion under various reaction conditions. Comparisons with bulk reactions gave intermediate acceleration factors (2–50). By keeping the volume of the Leidenfrost droplets constant, it was shown that interfacial effects contribute to acceleration; this was confirmed by decreased reaction rates in the presence of a surfactant. The ability to multiplex Leidenfrost microreactors, to extract product into an immiscible solvent during reaction, and to use Leidenfrost droplets as reaction vessels to synthesize milligram quantities of product is also demonstrated.
Creep response of a LDPE‐based nanocomposite
Authors: La Mantia F. P. , Mistretta M. C. , Rodonò L. , Ascione L. , Morreale M.
Published: July 2016

Polymer nanocomposites and their behavior have been widely investigated by several paths, including mechanical, rheological, and permeability tests, finding that several parameters (such as the polymer matrix, the nanofiller, their amounts, the presence of compatibilizers, processing parameters, etc.) can influence the main properties. However, less information is available regarding the creep response of polymer nanocomposites; in particular, few or no data are reported about the combined effect of different loads and different temperatures. In this article, the creep behavior of a low density polyethylene/organomodified clay nanocomposite has been investigated. The characterization of viscoelastic response has taken into account both the effects of applied load and temperature, which are often considered separately. Dynamic–mechanical and structural analysis was also performed in order to get a deeper understanding of the involved phenomena. The nanocomposite showed lower creep deformations (up to ∼20%) and the relative differences with the neat polymer matrix were found to be increasing upon increasing the applied load (up to ∼24%) and the temperature (up to ∼38%). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44180.
Practical Robust Neural Path Following Control for Underactuated Marine Vessels with Actuators Uncertainties
Authors: Zhang Guoqing , Zhang Xianku
Published: July 2016

This note tackles the problem of path‐following control for underactuated ships with actuators uncertainties and unknown environmental disturbances. A novel dynamical virtual ship (DVS) guidance principle is initially developed to deal with the assumption that “the reference path could be generated by a virtual ship”, which is normal but not workable in the current literature. In addition, a practical robust control scheme is proposed using feedforward approximation, dynamic surface control, and robust neural damping techniques. In the algorithm, the strong couplings among state variables, underactuated characteristic and the actuators uncertainties are considered to guarantee semiglobal uniform ultimate boundedness of the closed‐loop system. The outstanding advantages are that the control law has a concise form and is easy to implement in practice.The control inputs of interest are two actuator‐steerable variables: the main engine speed and the rudder angle. Although the uncertainties are compensated by NNs, no adaptive parameters are derived for merits of the robust neural damping technique. Finally, the experiment has demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, comparing with the LOS self‐tuning fuzzy control.
Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy
Authors: Benson J R , Winters Z E
Published: July 2016

Fashion is not science