bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanomaterial‐Incorporated Membrane Distillation Membranes: Characteristics, Fabrication Techniques, and Applications
Authors: Sawant Shubham Rahul , Kalla Sarita , Murthy Z. V. P.
Published: May 2023

Membrane distillation (MD), a temperature‐driven membrane separation process, is used for various applications due to its less complicated design. MD operations encounter major issues such as permeate flux decrease, membrane fouling, and wetting. A lot of research has been conducted in the past years on the modification of MD membranes by incorporating nanomaterials to overcome these obstacles and considerably increase their performance. Nanomaterials incorporated into the membranes improve the water permeability, mechanical strength, and fouling. The incorporation of next‐generation nanomaterials like metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon‐based nanomaterials, graphene‐based membranes, quantum dots, and metal‐organic frameworks in the MD membranes is investigated. Essential membrane properties for MD operations are comprehensively studied, including higher liquid entry pressure, permeability, porosity, hydrophobicity, thermal stability, mean pore size, and low fouling rate. Significant advances in the application of nanomaterials to the modification of MD membranes as well as other membrane fabrication techniques adopted for the incorporation of nanoparticles like surface grafting, interfacial polymerization, plasma polymerization, and dip coating are reviewed. Important future aspects are discussed.
Optimization of the Classifying Efficiency of Spiral Jet Mills by Investigating the Flow Conditions and the Grinding Performance
Authors: Radeke Lisa Marie , Lindner Alexander , Jongebloed Niklas , Ulbricht Mathias , Schultz Heyko Jürgen
Published: May 2023

The achievable grinding fineness of spiral jet mills does not only depend on the comminution efficiency in the region of the nozzle jets but is also significantly affected by the separation efficiency in the region of the product outlet. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the influences of the product outlet diameter and different particle trap rings on the flow conditions and the grinding performance, optimizing the classifying efficiency of spiral jet mills. The velocity fields analyzed by particle image velocimetry and the experimental grinding results show that the classification process can be optimized by both reducing the product outlet diameter and installing a particle trap ring.
A novel imbalanced fault diagnosis method based on area identification conditional generative adversarial networks
Authors: Xu Yuan , Zou Xun , Ke Wei , Zhu Qun‐Xiong , He Yan‐Lin , Zhang Ming‐Qing , Zhang Yang
Published: May 2023

As a vital technology for ensuring the stable operation of industrial equipment, fault diagnosis has received a lot of research in recent years. Most complex industrial processes are in normal working conditions during operation, so the amount of data collected under normal working conditions is much larger than that under fault working conditions. The uneven number of samples will lead to the imbalance of datasets and make it a challenging task to assure the overall accuracy. To address the issue, an innovative imbalanced fault diagnostic approach based on area identification conditional generative adversarial networks (AICGAN) is proposed. First, considering the imbalance between normal data (majority data) and fault data (minority data), a hybrid data generation method combining over‐sampling and AICGAN generator is proposed, which effectively extends the limited minority data and overcomes the inclination to majority data to some extent. On one hand, the over‐sampling algorithm reduces the impact of dataset imbalance on the AICGAN training process by linear interpolation. On the other hand, the trainable generator can create samples similar to real samples by learning the generation principle so as to enrich the minority data information and reduce the sample stacking caused by linear synthesis. The two sample production methods complement each other. Combining the raw samples, over‐sampled samples, and samples generated by generator, a new dataset is constructed. Second, the new dataset is used to train the AICGAN discriminator. In addition, in order to generate samples with higher value, an auxiliary discrimination layer is added to the discriminator to control the pattern of generated samples. Third, the balanced dataset containing the linear synthesis samples and the samples generated by the trained generator are put into the classifier to obtain the fault diagnosis. The effectiveness of the proposed approach for fault diagnosis based on AICGAN is verified using the three‐phase flow facility (TFF) dataset and the Tennessee Eastman (TE) dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that the AICGAN‐based fault diagnosis method achieves high F1 scores on the imbalanced dataset.
Acrylamide‐sodium acrylate copolymers: A comparison between copolymerization and hydrolysis
Authors: Kong Ruilei , Guo Yeheng , Barker Ian , Hamielec Tia , Hunkeler David
Published: May 2023

Polyacrylamide‐co‐sodium acrylate has been prepared via copolymerization of acrylamide and acrylic acid, or the hydrolysis of a pre‐formed nonionic polymer. Both macromolecules had a charge of 24 mol% with a molar mass of 25 million g/mol. While one might expect similar performance, the hydrolyzed materials were superior in rheology modification, while the copolymerized samples worked better as flocculants. This hydrolysis reaction is influenced by the dyad sequence and produced a relatively uniform charge distribution along the backbone. These partially hydrolyzed polyelectrolytes had approximately 40% higher solution viscosities compared to the copolymerized samples. The rheological properties were also more tolerant to temperature, electrolytes, and hardness. Such molecules would be expected to perform well as pushing fluids as used in enhanced oil recovery processes. In contrast, when tested on an inorganic sludge, with a high level of polar and soluble hydrophobic molecules, the copolymerized sample provided larger flocs, a clearer filtrate, and faster settling. The hydrolyzed macromolecules essentially functioned only as a coagulant generating pin flocs. Depending on the application, polymer structure can be tuned by the method of synthesis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report comparing the influence of synthesis method on polyacrylamide solution properties and application performance.
Construction of Angularly Fused Tricyclic Compounds via Photo‐induced Radical Cascade Cyclization
Authors: Hu Mengqin , Cao Wei , Wang Zhen , Hao Yan , Huang Ganxing , Zhou Yuqiao , Qin Song , Fu Shaomin , Liu Bo
Published: May 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Photo‐induced electron transfer (PET) of silyl enol ethers has been employed to synthesize several fused ring systems. However, the method has limited applicability due to its narrow substrate scope, low product yields, unsatisfactory stereo‐ and regioselectivity. Herein, we report a PET‐triggered cascade reaction of silyl enolates that leads to the formation of angularly fused tricyclic scaffolds. The reaction exhibits broad substrate scope and excellent stereoselectivity. The regio‐ and stereoselectivity of this cascade reaction is elucidated via DFT calculation and conformational analysis.
Water‐Soluble Cationic Perylene Diimide Dyes as Stable Photocatalysts for H2O2 Evolution
Authors: Gryszel Maciej , Schlossarek Tim , Würthner Frank , Natali Mirco , Głowacki Eric Daniel
Published: May 2023

Photocatalytic generation of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, has gained increasing attention in recent years, with applications ranging from solar energy conversion to biophysical research. While semiconducting solid‐state materials are normally regarded as the workhorse for photogeneration of H2O2, an intriguing alternative for on‐demand H2O2 is the use of photocatalytic organic dyes. Herein we report the use of water‐soluble dyes based on perylene diimide molecules which behave as true molecular catalysts for the light‐induced conversion of dissolved oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. In particular, we address how to obtain visible‐light photocatalysts which are stable with respect to aggregation and photochemical degradation. We report on the factors affecting efficiency and stability, including variable electron donors, oxygen partial pressure, pH, and molecular catalyst structure. The result is a perylene diimide derivative with unprecedented peroxide evolution performance using a broad range of organic donor molecules and operating in a wide pH range.
Lectin Blotting of Cell Lysates
Authors: Watanabe Tomoko , Tateno Hiroaki
Published: May 2023

Glycans are composed of branched structures consisting of monosaccharides, such as glucose and galactose linked by glycosidic bonds. Glycans are often bound to proteins and lipids and are localized at the cell surface. They are deeply involved in a wide range of multicellular systems inside and outside the cells, such as the quality control of glycoproteins, cell‐cell communication, and various diseases. While western blotting uses antibodies to detect proteins, lectin blotting uses lectins, which are glycan‐binding proteins, to detect glycans on glycoconjugates, such as glycoproteins. Lectin blotting was first reported in the early 1980s and has been widely used in life science for several decades. However, it is not straightforward to obtain consistent data using lectin blotting, which tends to show high backgrounds and lab‐to‐lab variation. Here, we describe the protocol used in our laboratory for lectin blotting following protein separation by SDS‐PAGE to detect glycoproteins extracted from cell membrane fractions. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Extraction and quantification of proteins from cell lysate

Basic Protocol 2: Lectin peroxidase labeling and lectin blotting
Molecular mapping of QTL for type I Fusarium head blight resistance in two recombinant inbred lines wheat populations
Authors: Hu Wenjing , Jiang Wei , Shou Lulu , Xiao Yonggui , Jia Jizeng
Published: May 2023

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major concern for wheat production and food safety, globally. Resistance to infection (type I resistance) is important for breeding varieties with good FHB resistance. To better understand the genetic architecture underlying type I FHB resistance, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping was conducted using two recombinant inbred line populations derived from the crosses Yangmai 4 (YM4)/Yanzhan 1 (YZ1) and Yangmai 5 (YM5)/YZ1. A total of five resistance QTL, including QFhb.yaas‐2D, QFhb.yaas‐4D, QFhb.yaas‐5B, QFhb.yaas‐6B, and QFhb.yaas‐3A, were detected from these two populations. Except for QFhb.yaas‐2D and QFhb.yaas‐5B, the resistance effects of all the other QTLs are derived from YM4 or YM5. QFhb.yaas‐4D is a common QTL detected both in YM4/YZ1 and YM5/YZ1 populations. QFhb.yaas‐2D, QFhb.yaas‐4D, and QFhb.yaas‐5B were colocalized with known plant height (PH) genes Rht8, Rht‐D1, and flowering date (FD) gene Vrn‐B1. However, QFhb.yaas‐6B and QFhb.yaas‐3A were not associated with PH and FD. Kompetitive Allele‐Specific PCR markers for QFhb.yaas‐6B and QFhb.yaas‐3A had been developed and validated in an additional panel of 211 wheat cultivars/lines. The result showed that these two resistance alleles decreased 46.65% of the percentage of diseased spikelets. These results provide valuable information for the fine mapping of QFhb.yaas‐6B and QFhb.yaas‐3A in the future.
Risk factors for anorexia nervosa: A population‐based investigation of sex differences in polygenic risk and early life exposures
Authors: Chatwin Hannah , Holde Katrine , Yilmaz Zeynep , Larsen Janne Tidselbak , Albiñana Clara , Vilhjálmsson Bjarni Jóhann , Mortensen Preben Bo , Thornton Laura M. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Petersen Liselotte Vogdrup
Published: May 2023

Objective

To examine sex differences in risk factors for anorexia nervosa (AN).

Method

This population‐based study involved 44,743 individuals (6,239 AN cases including 5,818 females and 421 males, and 38,504 controls including 18,818 females and 19,686 males) born in Denmark between May 1981 and December 2009. Follow‐up began on the individual's sixth birthday and ended at AN diagnosis, emigration, death, or December 31, 2016, whichever occurred first. Exposures included socioeconomic status (SES), pregnancy, birth, and early childhood factors based on data from Danish registers, and psychiatric and metabolic polygenic risk scores (PRS) based on genetic data. Hazard ratios were estimated using weighted Cox proportional hazards models stratified by sex (assigned at birth), with AN diagnosis as the outcome.

Results

The effects of early life exposures and PRS on AN risk were comparable between females and males. Although we observed some differences in the magnitude and direction of effects, there were no significant interactions between sex and SES, pregnancy, birth, or early childhood exposures. The effects of most PRS on AN risk were highly similar between the sexes. We observed significant sex‐specific effects of parental psychiatric history and body mass index PRS, though these effects did not survive corrections for multiple comparisons.

Conclusions

Risk factors for AN are comparable between females and males. Collaboration across countries with large registers is needed to further investigate sex‐specific effects of genetic, biological, and environmental exposures on AN risk, including exposures in later childhood and adolescence as well as the additive effects of exposures.

Public significance

Sex differences in the prevalence and clinical presentation of AN warrant examination of sex‐specific risk factors. This population‐based study indicates that the effects of polygenic risk and early life exposures on AN risk are comparable between females and males. Collaboration between countries with large registers is needed to further investigate sex‐specific AN risk factors and improve early identification of AN.
The past, present, and future of ecogeographic isolation between closely related Aquilegia plants
Authors: Weng Yulin , Li Huiqiong , Yang Jiqin , Zhang Zhi‐Qiang
Published: May 2023

Quantifying the strength of the ecogeographic barrier is an important aspect of plant speciation research, and serves as a practical step to understanding the evolutionary trajectory of plants under climate change. Here, we quantified the extent of ecogeographic isolation in four closely related Aquilegia species that radiated in the Mountains of SW China and adjacent regions, often lacking intrinsic barriers. We used environmental niche models to predict past, present, and future species potential distributions and compared them to determine the degree of overlap and ecogeographic isolation. Our investigation found significant ecological differentiation in all studied species pairs except A. kansuensis and A. ecalacarata. The current strengths of ecogeographic isolation are above 0.5 in most cases. Compared with current climates, most species had an expanding range in the Last Glacial Maximum, the Mid Holocene, and under four future climate scenarios. Our results suggested that ecogeographic isolation contributes to the diversification and maintenance of Aquilegia species in the Mountains of northern and SW China and would act as an essential reproductive barrier in the future.
Late‐Stage Photocatalytic Fluoroalkylation of Aromatic Crown Ethers in Aqueous Media
Authors: Yerien Damian E. , Groppi Jessica , Postigo Al , Credi Alberto , Conde Romina S. , Baroncini Massimo , Barata‐Vallejo Sebastian
Published: May 2023

Modified crown ethers are fundamental building blocks in supramolecular chemistry, with applications in phase transfer catalysis, metal extraction, smart materials, and molecular machines. Here we report on a one‐pot highly chemo‐ and regioselective photocatalytic fluoroalkylation protocol for the mono‐functionalization of benzo substituted crown ethers. For this important class of macrocycles, the method described here represents one of the few late‐stage functionalization procedures that is both high yielding and scalable. Because of its breadth of scope and substrate tolerance, the devised approach can be applied to a wide range of aromatic crown ethers (18 examples, up to 99 % yield), including those engaged in mechanically interlocked molecules.
Connecting Suborganismal Data to Bioenergetic Processes: Killifish Embryos Exposed to a Dioxin-Like Compound
Authors: Stevenson Louise M. , Muller Erik B. , Nacci Diane , Clark Bryan W. , Whitehead Andrew , Nisbet Roger M.
Published: May 2023

A core challenge for ecological risk assessment is to integrate molecular responses into a chain of causality to organismal or population-level outcomes. Bioenergetic theory may be a useful approach for integrating suborganismal responses to predict organismal responses that influence population dynamics. We describe a novel application of dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory in the context of a toxicity framework (adverse outcome pathways [AOPs]) to make quantitative predictions of chemical exposures to individuals, starting from suborganismal data. We use early–life stage exposure of Fundulus heteroclitus to dioxin-like chemicals (DLCs) and connect AOP key events to DEB processes through “damage” that is produced at a rate proportional to the internal toxicant concentration. We use transcriptomic data of fish embryos exposed to DLCs to translate molecular indicators of damage into changes in DEB parameters (damage increases somatic maintenance costs) and DEB models to predict sublethal and lethal effects on young fish. By changing a small subset of model parameters, we predict the evolved tolerance to DLCs in some wild F. heteroclitus populations, a data set not used in model parameterization. The differences in model parameters point to reduced sensitivity and altered damage repair dynamics as contributing to this evolved resistance. Our methodology has potential extrapolation to untested chemicals of ecological concern. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2040–2053. © 2023 Oak Ridge National Laboratory and The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Modeling of Darcy‐Forchheimer magnetohydrodynamic Williamson nanofluid flow towards nonlinear radiative stretching surface using artificial neural network
Authors: Shafiq Anum , Çolak Andaç Batur , Sindhu Tabassum Naz
Published: May 2023

Modern industries face a new challenge in cooling processes. Traditional cooling lubricants have limited heatconducting capacity. The development of nanofluids possessing superior properties such as high thermal conductivity, homogeneity, and long‐term stability has revolutionized the cooling lubrication industry. The literature reports a wide range of applications of nanofluid, such as cooling devices, peristaltic pumps for diabetic treatments, accelerators, reactors, petroleum industry applications, solar collectors and so forth. Nanofluids like Williamson nanofluid are very important non‐Newtonian fluids that have pseudoplastic properties. Williamson nanofluid has a number of applications in the medical and engineering sciences. It is used in food processing, inkjet printing, adhesives and emulsions, coated photographic films, and many other applications. In the current study, the nanomaterial flow of the Darcy‐Forchheimer Williamson nanofluid model is evaluated using the Levenberg–Marquardt approach with backpropagated neural networks. Thermalphoresis and Brownian motion are incorporated into the nanofluid model. This system is converted into an analogous nonlinear ordinary differential system through the application of necessary transformations. A dataset for the proposed multilayer perceptron artificial neural network is generated by altering the necessary variables through a Runge–Kutta fourth‐order shooting procedure. It has been created an artificial neural network called a multiple‐layer perceptron in order to forecast the values of the multiple‐layer perceptron. It is discovered that the parameter had the highest mean deviation of and the parameter had the lowest mean deviation of . Furthermore, MSE value of ANN model developed to estimate the skin friction coefficient value as and R value as 0.99954 whereas MSE and R values of the ANN model developed for the estimation of the LNN value were obtained as and 0.99999, respectively.
How brain networks tic: Predicting tic severity through rs‐fMRI dynamics in Tourette syndrome
Authors: Ramkiran Shukti , Veselinović Tanja , Dammers Jürgen , Gaebler Arnim Johannes , Rajkumar Ravichandran , Shah N. Jon , Neuner Irene
Published: May 2023

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor and phonic tics, which several different theories, such as basal ganglia‐thalamo‐cortical loop dysfunction and amygdala hypersensitivity, have sought to explain. Previous research has shown dynamic changes in the brain prior to tic onset leading to tics, and this study aims to investigate the contribution of network dynamics to them. For this, we have employed three methods of functional connectivity to resting‐state fMRI data – namely the static, the sliding window dynamic and the ICA based estimated dynamic; followed by an examination of the static and dynamic network topological properties. A leave‐one‐out (LOO‐) validated regression model with LASSO regularization was used to identify the key predictors. The relevant predictors pointed to dysfunction of the primary motor cortex, the prefrontal‐basal ganglia loop and amygdala‐mediated visual social processing network. This is in line with a recently proposed social decision‐making dysfunction hypothesis, opening new horizons in understanding tic pathophysiology.
Challenges of using RPA in auditing: A socio‐technical systems approach
Authors: Dahabiyeh Laila , Mowafi Omar
Published: May 2023

The use of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is rapidly growing in the professional services sector such as auditing. Despite the great benefits RPA can offer, RPA failure rates are still high. In this research, we draw on socio‐technical systems theory to examine the challenges of using RPA in the various phases of auditing and how auditors address these challenges. By interviewing experienced partners and auditors in auditing firms and technology companies, we show that challenges arise when there is a lack of fit between the technical requirements of the RPA tool (technical subsystem) and the skills and knowledge of the auditors and clients (social subsystem). We discuss our findings and provide valuable practical implications and opportunities for future research.
MRI features of pituitary adenoma apoplexy and their relationship with hypoxia, proliferation, and pathology
Authors: Wu Jianwu , Li Songyuan , Huang Yinxing , Zeng Zihuan , Mei Tao , Wang Shousen , Wang Wei , Zhang Fangfang
Published: May 2023

Objective

We aim to study the MRI features of pituitary adenoma (PA) apoplexy and their relationship with hypoxia, proliferation, and pathology.

Methods

Sixty‐seven patients with MRI signs of PA apoplexy were selected. According to the MRI signs, they were divided into the parenchymal group and the cystic group. The parenchymal group had a low signal area on T2WI without cyst >2 mm and this area was not significantly enhanced on the corresponding TW1 enhancement. The cystic group had a cyst >2 mm on T2WI, and the cyst showed liquid stratification on T2WI or high signal on T1WI. The relative T1WI (rT1WI) enhancement value and relative T2WI (rT2WI) value of non‐apoplexy areas were measured. Protein levels of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1α), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), and Ki67 were detected with immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Nuclear morphology was observed with HE staining.

Results

The rT1WI enhancement average value, rT2WI average value, Ki67 protein expression level, and the number of abnormal nuclear morphology of non‐apoplexy lesions in the parenchymal group were significantly lower than those in the cystic group. The protein expression levels of HIF‐1α and PDK1 in the parenchymal group were significantly higher than those in the cystic group. HIF‐1α protein was positively correlated with PDK1 but negatively correlated with Ki67.

Conclusion

When there is PA apoplexy, the ischemia and hypoxia of the cystic group are lesser than those of the parenchymal group, but the proliferation is stronger.
Misunderstood terms and concepts identified through user testing of educational materials for fragile X premutation: “Not weak or fragile?”
Authors: Lincoln‐Boyea Beth , Moultrie Rebecca R. , Biesecker Barbara B. , Underwood Marcia , Duparc Martin , Wheeler Anne C. , Peay Holly L.
Published: May 2023

Complicated genetic mechanisms and unpredictable health risks associated with the FMR1 premutation can result in challenges for patient education when the diagnosis is made in a newborn. From October 15, 2018, to December 10, 2021, North Carolina parents could obtain FMR1 premutation results about their newborns through a voluntary expanded newborn screening research study. The study provided confirmatory testing, parental testing, and genetic counseling. We developed web‐based educational materials to augment information about fragile X premutation conveyed by a genetic counselor. Many genetics education materials are developed for the lay population. However, relatively little research is published on how well individuals understand these materials. We conducted three rounds of iterative user testing interviews to help refine web‐based educational materials that support understanding and self‐paced learning. The participants included 25 parents with a 2‐year college degree or less and without a child identified with fragile X syndrome, premutation, or gray‐zone allele. Content analysis of interview transcripts resulted in iterative changes and ultimately saturation of findings. Across all rounds of interviews, there were two terms that were commonly misunderstood (fragile and carrier) and two terms that elicited initial misconceptions that were overcome by participants. Many also had difficulty understanding the relationship between fragile X premutation and fragile X syndrome as well as appreciating the implications of having a “fragile X gene.” Website layout, formatting, and graphics also influenced comprehension. Despite iterative changes to the content, certain issues with understandability persisted. The findings support the need for user testing to identify misconceptions that may interfere with understanding and using genetic information. Here, we describe a process used to develop and refine evidence‐based, understandable parental resources on fragile X premutation. Additionally, we provide recommendations to address ongoing educational challenges and discuss the potential impact of bias on the part of expert content developers.
Colonial system of integration and communication pores in a polymorphic bryozoan Dendrobeania fruticosa (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata)
Authors: Shunatova Natalia , Denisova Sofia , Shchenkov Sergei , Filippov Artem
Published: May 2023

Bryozoan colonies are composed of zooids, which can differ in structure and function. Autozooids supply heteromorphic zooids with nutrients, which are usually unable to feed. To date, the ultrastructure of the tissues providing nutrient transfer is almost unexplored. Here, we present a detailed description of the colonial system of integration (CSI) and the different types of pore plates in Dendrobeania fruticosa. All cells of the CSI are joined by tight junctions that isolate its lumen. The lumen of the CSI is not a single structure, but a dense network of small interstices filled with a heterogeneous matrix. In autozooids, the CSI is composed of two types of cells: elongated and stellate. Elongated cells form the central part of the CSI, including two main longitudinal cords and several main branches to the gut and pore plates. Stellate cells compose the peripheral part of the CSI, which is a delicate mesh starting from the central part and reaching various structures of autozooids. Autozooids have two tiny muscular funiculi, which start from the caecum apex and run to the basal wall. Each funiculus includes a central cord of extracellular matrix and two longitudinal muscle cells; together they are enveloped with a layer of cells. The rosette complexes of all types of pore plates in D. fruticosa display a similar cellular composition: a cincture cell and a few special cells; limiting cells are absent. Special cells have bidirectional polarity in interautozooidal and avicularian pore plates. This is probably due to the need for bidirectional transport of nutrients during degeneration–regeneration cycles. Cincture cells and epidermal cells of pore plates contain microtubules and inclusions resembling dense‐cored vesicles, which are typical of neurons. Probably, cincture cells are involved in the signal transduction from one zooid to another and can be a part of the colony‐wide nervous system.
Mixed Ionic‐Electronic Conduction Enables Halide‐Perovskite Electroluminescent Photodetector
Authors: Marunchenko Alexandr , Kondratiev Valeriy , Pushkarev Anatoly , Khubezhov Soslan , Baranov Mikhail , Nasibulin Albert , Makarov Sergey
Published: May 2023

Light emission and detection are the two fundamental features of optoelectronic communication systems. Until now, both functions have been realized with a p–n diode, which is used in a wide range of applications. However, due to the competing dynamics of carrier injection and photocarrier collection, in such devices, electroluminescence and photodetection are realized separately by switching the direction of the applied electrical bias. Here, mobile ions in halide perovskites are benefited from to demonstrate electroluminescence and photodetection simultaneously, without switching the direction of the applied electrical bias. The electroluminescent photodetector consists of a CsPbBr3 microwire integrated with electrodes made of a single‐walled carbon nanotube thin film, providing Schottky barriers at the interfaces. The dual functionality stems from the modulation of these barriers by mobile ions in cooperation with photogenerated charge carriers. Furthermore, such complex charge dynamics additionally result in a novel effect: light‐enhanced electroluminescence. The new optoelectronic phenomena demonstrated in the simple lateral device design will expand the applications of mixed ionic‐electronic conductors toward cheap and efficient multifunctional optoelectronic devices able to simultaneously generate and receive optical data.
A nonlocal energy‐informed neural network for isotropic elastic solids with cracks under thermomechanical loads
Authors: Yu Xiang‐Long , Zhou Xiao‐Ping
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a nonlocal energy‐informed neural network is proposed to characterize the deformation behaviors of elastic solids with cracks subjected to thermomechanical loads in the framework of ordinary state‐based peridynamics. Based on principle of virtual work, a nonlocal energy approach is developed to recast the solution to peridynamic equilibrium equation as a problem of minimizing the potential energy of the system, which automatically satisfies the traction‐free boundary conditions. Meanwhile, the energy representation of physical system can be treated as the loss function for machine learning methods. Therefore, a nonlocal energy‐informed neural network is constructed to approximate the solution of the system. A distinct advantage of the proposed neural network is that the strain energy is expressed in terms of spatial integration instead of spatial derivatives, which avoids the invalidation of automatic differentiation at the crack surfaces in original physics‐informed neural networks. To demonstrate the convergence and accuracy of the proposed neural network, a series of problems in solid and fracture mechanics are conducted, and compared with results from analytical solutions or classical numerical methods. Additionally, for elastic material containing initial cracks, displacement extrapolation method is encoded into the proposed neural network to evaluate the static stress intensity factor.
COVID‐19‐Associated Chemosensory Loss Continues to Decline
Authors: Reiter Evan R. , Coelho Daniel H. , French Evan , Costanzo Richard M. ,   N3C Consortium
Published: May 2023

Chemosensory losses have long been considered a cardinal symptom of COVID‐19 infection. Recent studies have shown changing symptom profiles with COVID‐19, including decreasing incidence of olfactory losses. We accessed the National COVID Cohort Collaborative database to identify patients with and without smell and taste loss within 2 weeks of COVID‐19 diagnosis. Peak prevalence time intervals for variants were determined from Covariants.org. Using rates of chemosensory loss during the peak time interval for “Untyped” variants as baseline (4/27/2020‐6/18/2020), odds ratios for COVID‐19‐associated smell or taste disturbance fell for each of the Alpha (0.744), Delta (0.637), Omicron K (0.139), Omicron L (0.079), Omicron C (0.061), and Omicron B (0.070) peak intervals. These data suggest that during the recent Omicron waves and potentially moving forward, the presence or absence of smell and taste disturbances may no longer have predictive value in the diagnosis of COVID‐19 infection.
Synthesis, characterization, and hydrazine sensing property of two covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Liu Leijing , Wang Canran , Wang Jiangpeng , Jiang Shan , Ma Wenyue , Zou Yongcun , Tian Wenjing
Published: May 2023

Sensitive and efficient detection of hydrazine is of great significance because hydrazine is a highly toxic organic molecule, which can pose great threats to human health. Herein, two covalent organic frameworks (COFs) modified with ester groups in the pores, TAPB‐DHE and TAPT‐DHE, have been successfully synthesized via esterification reaction. Both of the two COFs have good crystallinity, thermal stability, and fluorescence properties. TAPB‐DHE can be used as a turn‐on fluorescence sensor for the sensitive detection of trace hydrazine in aqueous solution with a detection limit of 0.40 μM and a wide linear range of 0–100 μM due to the fluorescence enhancement of TAPB‐DHE caused by the chemical reaction between hydrazine and TAPB‐DHE, in which the ester group of the COF is converted into hydroxyl group, leading to the restriction of the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect. This work provides a reference for the design of COFs with hydrazine recognition function and a helpful expansion for the practical application of COFs.
Marital satisfaction, partner communication, and illness acceptance among couples coping with breast cancer: A dyadic approach
Authors: Krok Dariusz , Telka Ewa , Moroń Marcin
Published: May 2023

Objective

Associations between marital satisfaction and illness acceptance are mediated by different factors. This study examines whether partner communication mediates relationships between marital satisfaction and illness acceptance among couples coping with breast cancer within a dyadic approach.

Methods

One hundred and thirty‐six couples were examined: 136 women with a diagnosis of breast cancer and their 136 spouses without a history of cancer. Questionnaires measuring marital satisfaction, partner communication, and illness acceptance were used. SEM analysis was applied to examine mediation effects.

Results

For the patients, marital satisfaction was positively associated with supportive self‐communication, supportive partner communication, and illness acceptance. For the spouses, marital satisfaction was positively correlated with supportive self‐communication and supportive partner communication, yet, it was negatively correlated with deprecating communication of both self and partner. The associations between marital satisfaction and illness acceptance were mainly mediated by supportive communication (self and partner).

Conclusions

An examination of partner communication within a dyad is crucial for understanding relationships between marital satisfaction and illness acceptance in breast cancer patients. These relationships predominantly depend on the supportive communication of cognitive and emotional information between the spouses.
Parental migration, children and family reunification in China
Authors: Liang Zai , Li Yuanfei , Yue Zhongshan
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we focus on migrant parents' decision to either bring children to the cities (family reunification) or leave them behind in China. We develop a framework to understand this decision, which takes into account child characteristics, characteristics of migrant parents and characteristics of migrant‐receiving communities. Our research design allows us to conduct comparison of rural‐origin children and urban‐origin children. The rural–urban differences are reflected in lowered probability of bringing children to cities, more hurdles for housing and access to public school education for rural migrant parents and their children. For rural‐origin school‐age children, gender inequality is persistent, that is, girls of school age are less likely to be brought to cities than boys. Finally, a piece of promising news is that migrant parents with more social interactions with local residents are more likely to bring children to destinations. The results suggest that years after China's official policy of ‘no extra fees’ for migrant children in urban public schools, migrant children, especially from rural areas, continue to face a variety of challenges in moving to cities and having access to local urban public schools.
Quantum Interference by Vortex Supercurrents
Authors: Papari Gian Paolo , Fomin Vladimir M.
Published: May 2023

The origin of the parabolic background of magnetoresistance oscillations measured in finite‐width superconducting mesoscopic rings with input and output stubs and in patterned films is analyzed. The transmission model explaining the sinusoidal oscillation of magnetoresistance is extended to address the parabolic background as a function of the magnetic field. Apart from the interference mechanism activated by the ring, pinned superconducting vortices as topological defects introduce a further interference‐based distribution of supercurrents that affects, in turn, the voltmeter‐sensed quasiparticles. The onset of vortices changes the topology of the superconducting state in a mesoscopic ring in such a way that the full magnetoresistance dynamics can be interpreted due to the interference of the constituents of the order parameter induced by both the ring with its doubly connected topology and the vortex lattice in it.
Structural, Electronic, Optical, and Mechanical Properties of Cu(I)Au(III)‐Based Double Perovskites: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Feng Chunbao , Luo Xin , Zhao Qing , Wu Changhe , Hu Tao , Li Shichang , Duan Shengnan , Tang Gang , Zhang Gang , Li Dengfeng
Published: May 2023

Herein, the structural, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of Cu(I)Au(III)‐based double perovskites using first‐principles calculations are investigated. Phonon calculation results confirm that pure halide Cs2CuAuX6 (X = Cl, Br), mixed‐halide Cs2CuAuBr4Cl2 and Cs2CuAuI4Br2, and strained Cs2CuAuI6 (by 3% strain) are dynamically stable. Subsequently, the optoelectronic and mechanical properties of these compounds are calculated. The calculations reveal that Cs2CuAuX6 exhibits slightly indirect‐bandgap semiconducting behavior, with the bandgaps of 1.169, 1.191, and 1.355 eV from the HSE06 hybrid functional for X = Cl, Br, and I, respectively. Meanwhile, the bandgap of Cs2CuAuI6 decreases with the increase of strain from 1% to 3% (1.271, 1.148, and 1.037 eV, respectively). In addition, the results show that Cs2CuAuI4Br2 (EgHSE06 = 1.278 eV) has a suitable bandgap, which is close to the ideal direct bandgap. Moreover, Cs2CuAuI4Br2 exhibits strong anisotropic visible light absorption with absorption coefficients exceeding 105 cm−1 and has a relatively large dielectric constant (εxxst = εyyst = 36.27) along the ab plane. Furthermore, its Pugh's ratio (Poisson's ratio) value of 2.94(0.35) exceeds the critical value of 1.75(0.26), indicating its ductility and potential for use in flexible electronic devices.
A Homing Missile‐Like Nanotherapeutic with Single‐Atom Catalytic Sites for In Situ Elimination of Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens
Authors: Liu Hao , Liu Xuemeng , Wang Huan , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: May 2023

Intracellular bacterial pathogens hiding in host cells tolerate the innate immune system and high‐dose antibiotics, resulting in recurrent infections that are difficult to treat. Herein, a homing missile‐like nanotherapeutic (FeSAs@Sa.M) composed of a single‐atom iron nanozyme (FeSAs) core coated with infected macrophage membrane (Sa.M) is developed for in situ elimination of intracellular methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Mechanically, the FeSAs@Sa.M initially binds to the extracellular MRSA via the bacterial recognition ability of the Sa.M component. Subsequently, the FeSAs@Sa.M can be transported to the intracellular MRSA‐located regions in the host cell like a homing missile under the guidance of the extracellular MRSA to which it is attached, generating highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) for intracellular MRSA killing via the enzymatic activities of the FeSAs core. The FeSAs@Sa.M is far superior to FeSAs in killing intracellular MRSA, proposing a feasible strategy for treating intracellular infections by in situ generating ROS in bacterial residing regions.
Emergence of a Non‐Van der Waals Magnetic Phase in a Van der Waals Ferromagnet
Authors: Das Bikash , Ghosh Subrata , Sengupta Shamashis , Auban‐Senzier Pascale , Monteverde Miguel , Dalui Tamal Kumar , Kundu Tanima , Saha Rafikul Ali , Maity Sujan , Paramanik Rahul , Ghosh Anudeepa , Palit Mainak , Bhattacharjee Jayanta K. , Mondal Rajib , Datta Subhadeep
Published: May 2023

Manipulation of long‐range order in 2D van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials (e.g., CrI3, CrSiTe3 ,etc.), exfoliated in few‐atomic layer, can be achieved via application of electric field, mechanical‐constraint, interface engineering, or even by chemical substitution/doping. Usually, active surface oxidation due to the exposure in the ambient condition and hydrolysis in the presence of water/moisture causes degradation in magnetic nanosheets that, in turn, affects the nanoelectronic /spintronic device performance. Counterintuitively, the current study reveals that exposure to the air at ambient atmosphere results in advent of a stable nonlayered secondary ferromagnetic phase in the form of Cr2Te3 (TC2 ≈160 K) in the parent vdW magnetic semiconductor Cr2Ge2Te6 (TC1 ≈69 K). The coexistence of the two ferromagnetic phases in the time elapsed bulk crystal is confirmed through systematic investigation of crystal structure along with detailed dc/ac magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and magneto‐transport measurement. To capture the concurrence of the two ferromagnetic phases in a single material, Ginzburg‐Landau theory with two independent order parameters (as magnetization) with a coupling term can be introduced. In contrast to the rather common poor environmental stability of the vdW magnets, the results open possibilities of finding air‐stable novel materials having multiple magnetic phases.
Large‐Area Synthesis of Ferromagnetic Fe5−xGeTe2/Graphene van der Waals Heterostructures with Curie Temperature above Room Temperature
Authors: Lv Hua , da Silva Alessandra , Figueroa Adriana I. , Guillemard Charles , Aguirre Iván Fernández , Camosi Lorenzo , Aballe Lucia , Valvidares Manuel , Valenzuela Sergio O. , Schubert Jürgen , Schmidbauer Martin , Herfort Jens , Hanke Michael , Trampert Achim , Engel‐Herbert Roman , Ramsteiner Manfred , Lopes Joao Marcelo J.
Published: May 2023

Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures combining layered ferromagnets and other 2D crystals are promising building blocks for the realization of ultracompact devices with integrated magnetic, electronic, and optical functionalities. Their implementation in various technologies depends strongly on the development of a bottom‐up scalable synthesis approach allowing for realizing highly uniform heterostructures with well‐defined interfaces between different 2D‐layered materials. It is also required that each material component of the heterostructure remains functional, which ideally includes ferromagnetic order above room temperature for 2D ferromagnets. Here, it is demonstrated that the large‐area growth of Fe5−xGeTe2/graphene heterostructures is achieved by vdW epitaxy of Fe5−xGeTe2 on epitaxial graphene. Structural characterization confirms the realization of a continuous vdW heterostructure film with a sharp interface between Fe5−xGeTe2 and graphene. Magnetic and transport studies reveal that the ferromagnetic order persists well above 300 K with a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. In addition, epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001) continues to exhibit a high electronic quality. These results represent an important advance beyond nonscalable flake exfoliation and stacking methods, thus marking a crucial step toward the implementation of ferromagnetic 2D materials in practical applications.
Recycling of waste aluminum/magnesium metal scrap into useful Al‐ZrO2 alloy composite for eco‐friendly structural applications
Authors: De Poures Melvin Victor , Poyyamozhi Natesan , Sivanantham Arunachalam , Mukilarasan Nedunchezhiyan , Gopal Kaliyaperumal , Venkatesh Rathinavelu , Naveen Subbaiyan , Padmapriya Subbaiyan
Published: May 2023

Fabrication industries are emerging to reduce and recycle waste scrap materials into useful products for various engineering applications such as domestic, structural, marine, and construction doors and windows. Most waste scrap materials are affected by soil and water pollution, resulting in unsuitable environmental living. This study is to fabricate the low‐cost and eco‐friendly Al‐ZrO2 alloy composite made with waste Al/Mg metal scrap microparticles through stir casting technique and the developed composite with 0 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 15 wt% of ZrO2 were studied its mechanical properties (ASTM). The synthesized composites' mechanical tensile strength, impact, and hardness were evaluated by ASTM test standard. The revealed experimental results were compared and an optimum sample was addressed. The optical micrograph studies revealed the metal particle presence. The sample 4 composite contained 15 wt% of ZrO2 particles and showed superior mechanical properties like 7.7%, 57.7%, and 13.66% improvement in tensile strength, impact toughness, and hardness compared to sample 1 without ZrO2 particles.