bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DO PRINCÍPIO DA LEGALIDADE AO DA JURIDICIDADE ADMINISTRATIVA: A APRECIAÇÃO DE CONSTITUCIONALIDADE PELA ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA
Authors: Scapin Romano
Published: November 2019

O artigo apresenta reflexões sobre as consequências teóricas e práticas para Administração Pública advindas da evolução de paradigma principiológico administrativo, cujo ponto de origem parte do princípio da legalidade (em sentido estrito) e o de chegada encontra a concepção e entendimento quanto ao princípio da juridicidade - também denominado de princípio da legalidade em sentido amplo. Os efeitos causados à Administração pela modernização conceitual do princípio da legalidade autorizam e exigem dela o poder-dever de apreciação da constitucionalidade de normas infraconstitucionais, observando determinados procedimentos que formalizem a atuação administrativa e, sempre, respeitem todos os demais princípios constitucionais, em especial os do contraditório e ampla defesa naquelas situações em que direitos/interesses de particulares possam ser atingidos.
EDIÇÃO COMPLETA
Authors: ESDM ESDM
Published: November 2019

EDIÇÃO COMPLETA
ВЫЖИВУТ ТОЛЬКО СИЛЬНЕЙШИЕ, ИЛИ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ СФЕРЫ ПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬСКИХ УСЛУГ С УЧЕТОМ ФАКТИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКИХ РИСКОВ
Authors: Разомасова Е. А. , Петрова А. Т.
Published: November 2019

В статье анализируются тенденции развития потребительского рынка г. Новосибирска в 2013-2015 гг., основанные на оценке уровня рыночной концентрации предприятий общественного питания, оказывающих населению услуги по приготовлению кофе. Исследование рынка общественного питания выявило тенденцию тяготения предпринимателей к сетевой модели организации бизнеса, выступающей формой защиты предпринимателей от фактических рисков в сложившихся экономических условиях, что влечет за собой рост доминирующего влияния крупных игроков на уровень цен и качество предложения услуг.
"ЛУЧШЕ БЫ ОНА НЕ ПРИХОДИЛА...": О РЕЗУЛЬТАТАХ ПРИВАТИЗАЦИИ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ АЛТАЯ
Authors: Бородин В. А.
Published: November 2019

Рассмотрены результаты разгосударствления и последующей приватизации предприятий промышленности Алтайского края. Дана оценка эффективности приватизационного процесса с точки зрения привлечения предприятиями инвестиционных ресурсов, создания современной организационно-управленческой модели и достижения ими рыночной устойчивости и конкурентоспособности.
ОТ ЗАБАСТОВОК К "ВОЛЫНКАМ": РАБОЧИЕ ПРОТЕСТЫ В СОВЕТСКОЙ СТРАНЕ 1920-Х ГОДОВ
Authors: Красильников С. А.
Published: November 2019

В статье анализируются причины и характер забастовочного движения в СССР в 1920-е годы и уроки, которые извлекала большевистская власть из протестов различных групп работников против действий нанимателей. Политика в области трудовых конфликтов носила дуалистический характер, когда одни забастовки (в частном и концессионном секторах) пользовались институциональной поддержкой, а другие (в государственном секторе) пресекались административными и репрессивными методами. Устойчивое воспроизводство острых конфликтов в сфере труда ставит вопрос о действительной природе системы власти и экономического базиса, обозначавшихся как социалистические.
Учётно-аналитические процессы: от вуалирования отчётности до вывода капиталов
Authors: Самусенко С. А.
Published: November 2019

На основе информации, полученной автором при аудиторских проверках и бухгалтерских экспертизах предприятий жилищно-коммунального хозяйства, проводится анализ того, как некачественные и недостоверные учётные и аналитические данные приводят к масштабным искажениям в официальной статистике отрасли и предпринимательской деятельности в целом. Рассматриваются главные причины и факторы намеренных манипуляций учётной информацией. Систематизированы основные способы, приводящие к преднамеренным искажениям данных учёта и финансовой отчётности. Показано, что инструменты креативного учёта создают информационную асимметрию на всех уровнях: способствуют завышению цен и тарифов, неравномерному распределению доходов в отрасли, стимулируют инвесторов и кредиторов к неверным экономическим решениям, а также искажают отраслевую статистику инвестиций, доходов, расходов, финансовых результатов, дебиторской и кредиторской задолженности.
Взаимосвязь нарушений экологического законодательства и вероятного искажения финансовой отчётности
Authors: Алексеев М. А. , Глинский В. В. , Серга Л. К.
Published: November 2019

Цель работы – статистическая проверка гипотезы о связи нарушений природоохранного законодательства с искажениями данных финансовой отчётности экономических субъектов. С этой целью авторы исследовали отчетные документы компаний, осуществляющих деятельность на территории России и нарушивших экологическое законодательство. Финансовая отчетность последних проанализирована на основе авторской методики, для определения вероятности искажения информации проведена их типология и построена модель пробит-регрессии. Полученные результаты позволили подтвердить рабочую гипотезу: оппортунистическое поведение экономических субъектов в сфере природоохраны, как правило, сопровождается искажениями финансовой информации об их деятельности.
Реформа железнодорожного транспорта России: «последняя миля»
Authors: Быкадоров С. А. , Кибалов Е. Б.
Published: November 2019

В статье критически анализируется Долгосрочная программа развития ОАО «Российские железные дороги» до 2025 г. и рассматриваются возможные варианты совершенствования модели управления обществом в условиях санкций и военных угроз со стороны коллективного Запада. По мнению авторов, начатая 25 лет назад реформа железнодорожного транспорта до своего обещанного результата не дошла и (если рассматривать Программу 2025 как ее «последнюю милю») повернула вспять: скорость перевозки грузов и пассажиров недопустимо мала, тарифы непрерывно растут. На примере восточного железнодорожного полигона страны обсуждаются проблемы оценки сравнительной общественной эффективности железнодорожных проектов двойного назначения (социально-экономического и военно-стратегического): Трансполярной, Ленско-Камчатской магистралей и железной дороги материк–Сахалин.
Роль российских лесов в реализации Парижского климатического соглашения: возможности или риски?
Authors: Пыжев А. И. , Ваганов Е. А.
Published: November 2019

Парижское соглашение 2015 г. в русле Рамочной конвенции ООН по изменению климата задало новый формат международной координации усилий по управлению выбросами парниковых газов с учетом национальных интересов и императива повсеместного перехода к низкоуглеродной энергетике. В статье рассмотрены возможности использования потенциала поглощения углерода российскими лесами с точки зрения формулирования и реализации обязательств России в рамках Парижского соглашения по климату 2015 г. Проанализированы экономические последствия неопределенности оценок углеродного бюджета российских лесов. Показано, что задача сокращения объема антропогенных выбросов парниковых газов с учетом интересов развития национальной экономики требует развития методик и информационной базы оценки бюджета углерода российских лесов. Предлагается начать работу по формированию комплексной стратегии участия страны в реализации Парижского соглашения с учетом как целей технологической модернизации энергетической отрасли, так и увеличения площади лесов, а также полноты и достоверности информации об их качестве.
Российское отходничество: вехи многовековой истории
Authors: Плюснин Ю. М.
Published: November 2019

Отходники – самоназвание внутренних временных трудовых мигрантов в России, которые могут быть как самодеятельными предпринимателями, так и наёмными работниками. Ключевые особенности отходников: 1) жители сельской местности и малых городов, ищущие работу в столицах и центрах промышленного развития (в последнем случае синоним – вахтовики); 2) не намерены менять место постоянного жительства ради работы; 3) основная трудовая мотивация состоит в повышении благосостояния семьи; 4) самостоятельность, самодеятельность, инициатива – основные трудовые качества отходника.

В статье кратко рассмотрена пятивековая история российского отходничества и выделены основные причины отхода в имперский и современный периоды, а также факторы, стимулирующие или подавляющие отхожую активность провинциального населения. Представлены авторские оценки современной численности отходников и оценки других исследователей, позволившие описать вековую динамику численности. Даны оценки структуры отходничества по видам занятости с 1990-х годов до последнего времени. Описана эволюция современного отходничества, особенностями которой являются динамизм, изменчивость и экспансия. Автор имеет основания полагать, что отходники – авангард пресловутого «нового опасного класса – прекариата» в современной России.
Факторы становления инженеров промышленных предприятий субъектами труда (социологический портрет)
Authors: Комбаров В. Ю.
Published: November 2019

В статье приводятся результаты продолжающегося теоретико-методологического и эмпирического исследования различных сторон профессиональной деятельности и отношения к труду инженерно-технических работников сибирских промышленных предприятий. Проект выполняется в русле качественного направления в социологии и использует метод глубинного интервью. В ходе этих бесед выявляется спектр отношений инженеров к различным сторонам труда и производственных отношений на предприятиях, их влияние на процессы становления субъектности, обретаемой ИТР в труде. В статье представлены рефлексивные высказывания респондентов по поводу материально-технической базы предприятий, степени её оснащённости, актуальная для социально-экономических отечественных реалий оценка адекватности денежного вознаграждения за промышленный труд, актуализируются проблема и запрос на общественное признание и уважение к профессии инженера в современной России. Автор рассматривает процесс становления ИТР активными субъектами труда как диалогический – своё отношение к профессии они соотносят с мнением о ней других общественных групп (руководство, власть, государство и т.д.). Показано, что ключевым моментом в процессе становления ИТР субъектами труда является парадоксальный опыт, реализующийся в практике преодоления структурных ограничений в системе трудовых отношений – принцип «вопреки».
Какая связь между демографическим потенциалом и экономическим развитием Республики Бурятия?
Authors: Бюраева Ю. Г.
Published: November 2019

Возможность экономической модернизации и социально-экономического развития Российской Федерации и ее регионов, в том числе Республики Бурятия, во многом зависит от качества формирования демографического потенциала, который характеризуется негативными изменениями. В статье проанализированы количественные, структурные и качественные факторы демографического развития республики в период с 1990 по 2018 гг. Рассмотрены основные прогнозные характеристики населения – рождаемость, смертность, естественный и миграционный прирост (убыль). Снижение естественного прироста на фоне миграционного оттока, процессов старения, дисперсного характера расселения и недостаточного оборота населения свидетельствуют о дальнейшем сохранении проблемной демографической ситуации. Автор приходит к выводу, что на современном этапе социально-экономическое развитие невозможно без решения демографических проблем. Подчеркивается необходимость комплексного подхода при управлении демографическими и миграционными процессами.
Cовершенствование территориальной электроэнергетической политики в моногородах России
Authors: Гибадуллин А. А. , Пуляева В. Н. , Харитонова Е. Н. , Харитонова Н. А.
Published: November 2019

Одной из особенностей России является наличие значительного количества моногородов, многие из которых оказались чрезвычайно уязвимы в ситуации беспрерывных экономических реформ и кризисов. Ухудшение социально-экономической ситуации, уровня жизни населения в монопрофильных населенных пунктах неизменно привлекает внимание общественности, научного сообщества, руководства страны. На федеральном, региональном уровнях приняты и реализуются программы поддержки таких муниципальных образований. Как показал анализ существующей нормативно-правовой базы, регулирующей статус и дополнительное финансирование моногородов в РФ, и научных публикаций, посвященных их проблемам, вопросы развития электроэнергетической отрасли в этих населенных пунктах остаются вне внимания как законодателей, так и ученых. Это в полной мере относится даже к энергетическим моногородам, где генерирующие станции являются градообразующими организациями. Оценка состояния профильных энергокомпаний в таких городах выявила, что в сравнении со среднеотраслевыми показателями их отличает более высокая степень изношенности основных фондов и низкие финансовые результаты. Преодолеть это отставание без привлечения дополнительных инвестиций не представляется возможным. В качестве одного из вариантов решения этой проблемы авторы предлагают прибегнуть к перераспределению тарифа на электроэнергию в моногородах, увеличив в нем долю средств, приходящихся на генерацию. Предполагается, что указанный механизм должен реализовываться открыто и публично в условиях системы государственного и муниципального контроллинга. Это позволит сформировать дополнительный поток целевых денежных средств, который можно будет направить на модернизацию оборудования электростанций.
Проблемы российского теплоснабжения и пути их решения
Authors: Стенников А. В. , Пеньковский А В.
Published: November 2019

Теплоснабжение России, большая часть которой расположена на территории с суровым климатом, является важнейшей социальной отраслью экономики, во многом определяющей энергетическую безопасность страны. За прошедший период реформирования в теплоснабжении, как и в технологически, организационно и экономически связанной с ним электроэнергетической отрасли, накопилось множество проблем. Это обусловлено, прежде всего, отсутствием действенных механизмов управления их функционированием и развитием. При этом есть все основания полагать, что принятая Правительством РФ целевая модель теплового рынка не только не устраняет эти проблемы, но еще более обостряет ситуацию. На взгляд авторов, для изменения сложившейся ситуации необходимо провести ряд организационных преобразований на рынках электрической и тепловой энергии, направленных в первую очередь на трансформацию взаимоотношений поставщиков и потребителей энергии, а также включение в систему тарифообразования маркетинговых принципов.
«Прямая речь»: из выступлений участников круглого стола «Реформирование российской тепло- и электроэнергетики: итоги, текущие проблемы и вызовы»
Authors: Кудряшов Д. С. , Жихарев В. А.
Published: November 2019

«Прямая речь»: из выступлений участников круглого стола «Реформирование российской тепло- и электроэнергетики: итоги, текущие проблемы и вызовы»
Analisis Pertanyaan Retorika Dalam Ayub
Authors: Panjaitan Firman
Published: November 2019

Ayub 39:16-33 dihadirkan sebagai jawaban Tuhan terhadap pergumulan dan pertanyaan Ayub. Melalui gambaran-gambaran tentang binatang yang diikuti dengan pertanyaan retorika, maka perikop Ayub 39:16-33 sebenarnya mau menghadirkan sosok Tuhan yang begitu Agung dan sekaligus yang tidak dapat dijangkau melalui pikiran. Kemahakuasaan Tuhan begitu besar dan misterius, tetapi bukan berarti tidak berdampak bagi kehidupan. Di dalam kebesaran dan kemisteriusan itulah karya Tuhan selalu mengiringi kehidupan manusia.
Khotbah Negara tentang Sawah: Implementasi Kebijakan Perlindungan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Lebong, Provinsi Bengkulu
Authors: Nurrokhman Arsan
Published: November 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis aspek-aspek pendukung dan penghambat implementasi kebijakan Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2009 di Kabupaten Lebong. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dan menggunakan model implementasi yang dikenalkan Merilee S. Grindle (1980). Penelitian menemukan bahwa prosedur penetapan lahan pertanian pangan berkelanjutan yang cenderung rumit, namun tidak menyebut implementor dengan rinci, membuat kebijakan ini mengabaikan lahan pertanian yang sudah ada. Temuan lain yang paling penting adalah kebijakan ini belum menyentuh masalah fundamental lahan yang terus beralih fungsi mengikuti mekanisme pasar. Terjadi bias antara kebijakan perlindungan lahan dengan peningkatan produktivitas pertanian. Konteks kebijakan atau kondisi lingkungan di Kabupaten Lebong mayoritas kurang mendukung kebijakan perlindungan lahan pertanian pangan berkelanjutan meskipun sumbangsih pertanian pangan terhadap PDRB cukup tinggi. Permukiman yang mengelompok di wilayah dataran yang notabene adalah wilayah persawahan dan adanya mitos yang menghambat musim tanam lebih dari dua kali membuat lahan sawah lebih menarik secara ekonomis jika dialih-fungsikan ke permukiman. Belum diturunkannya UU 41/2009 dan peraturan pemerintah lainnya ke dalam peraturan yang lebih rinci (RDTR) di Kabupaten Lebong, seperti juga di kabupaten/kota lainnya, membuat mekanisme hukuman terhadap pelaku alih fungsi lahan sawah belum bisa dilaksanakan. Kondisi tersebut membuat semua kebijakan yang telah ada dalam undang-undang dan peraturan pemerintah tersebut hanya menjadi semacam himpunan seruan moral atau khotbah saja.
Penelitian Survei Kepuasan Masyarakat Terhadap Pelayanan Pertanahan 2018
Authors: Nurrokhman Arsan
Published: November 2019

Survei Kepuasan Masyarakat bertujuan untuk: 1) Mengetahui kelemahan atau kekuatan dari masing-masing unit penyelenggara pelayanan publik; 2) Mengukur secara berkala penyelenggaraan pelayanan yang telah dilaksanakan oleh unit pelayanan publik; 3) Sebagai bahan penetapan kebijakan yang perlu diambil dan langkah perbaikan pelayanan; 4) Sebagai umpan balik dalam memperbaiki layanan. Survei Kepuasan Masyarakat Terhadap Pelayanan Pertanahan pada lokasi sampel yang terdiri dari Kantor Pertanahan di 24 kabupaten/kota di 12 provinsi dapat diambil beberapa kesimpulan, diantaranya adalah: (1). Nilai Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat Terhadap Pelayanan Pertanahan pada Kabupaten/Kota sampel diperoleh angka nasional sebesar 76,35 berarti terdapat peningkatan dari nilai tahun 2017 (sebesar 72,47), namun karena standar nilai berdasarkan Peraturan MENPAN RB berubah dan mengalami peningkatan maka nilai yang diperoleh Kementerian Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional pada tahun 2018 termasuk dalam kategori “kurang baik”. (2). Unsur pelayanan yang mendapatkan nilai terendah adalah Waktu Pelayanan (70,62), Sarana dan Prasarana (72,18) serta Prosedur Pelayanan (76,33). Sedangkan unsur tertinggi adalah Penanganan Pengaduan Saran dan Masukan (82,88), Perilaku Pelaksana (80,23), dan Persyaratan (79,26);(3). Kualitas pelayanan antara Kantor Pertanahan berstatus kota dengan Kantor Pertanahan berstatus kabupaten cenderung tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan. Nilai SKM Kantor Pertanahan di kota sebesar 71,99 sedangkan Kantor Pertanahan wilayah kabupaten memiliki nilai 72,61. Berkaitan dengan rendahnya unsur pelayanan waktu, maka perlu dihidupkan kembali tipologi kelas satuan kerja, tapi perlu perhitungan lebih jelas dan terarah menggunakan metode yang lebih ilmiah dan terukur dengan mempertimbangkan unsur pokok dan unsur penunjang sebagaimana diarahkan dalam Peraturan Menteri Negara Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara Nomor 18 tahun 2018.
Indonesia's Efforts to Achieve Globally Competitive Human Resources Review
Authors: Toba Trialdy A
Published: November 2019

Review artikel Indonesia's Efforts to Achieve Globally Competitive Human Resources
Review Indonesia Effort to Achieve Globally Competitive Human Resources
Authors: indah
Published: November 2019

Awareness of the increasingly tight business competition map of industry era 4.0 has made manybusiness organizations in Indonesia busy preparing themselves, particularly those related to the development ofhuman resources, to be ready to compete in the global era. Many global companies with diverse business unitshave made human resource development a key strategy for dealing with global competition so as not to bedrowned by the changing of times. Concerns about the readiness of business organizations in Indonesia tocompete in the global era are quite reasonable and cause the leaders of companies to be under pressure due tothe rapid technological advances, demographic pattern shift, economic change to the science base, andincreasing drive to innovate. This indicates that every company is required to have a high commitment inpreparing and building competitive human resources as well as maintaining its best talented employees invarious programs and strategic policies supported by the work culture that reflects the company’s big vision tobe realized. This qualitative research uses primary data by interview and observation method to 40 respondents,and utilize secondary data with the aim to improve performance and talent development of company employees.
Women’s Responses and Understanding of Polygenic Breast Cancer Risk Information
Authors: Yanes Tatiane
Published: November 2019

It is estimated that polygenic factors can explain up to 18% of familial breast cancer. Clinical implementation of polygenic testing has begun, with several commercial laboratories now testing. Despite commercial implementation, there is little research investigating how women respond and understand polygenic risk information. This study aimed to explore women’s experience receiving their personalized polygenic risk score (PRS) and compare responses of women at different levels of polygenic risk. Eligible participants were affected and unaffected women from families clinically assessed to be at high risk for breast cancer who had received their personalized PRS as part of the Variants in Practice Psychosocial Study (ViPPs). In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 women (mean age 53.4 years) up to four weeks after receiving their PRS. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. Eleven women received a PRS that was in the top quartile of PRS distribution and 10 in the lowest quartile. Women’s lived experience with breast cancer informed how they responded to their PRS, constructed and made sense of breast cancer risk following receipt of their PRS, and integrated this new information into their breast cancer risk management. Regardless of polygenic risk level, all participants demonstrated broad knowledge of concepts related to polygenic information and were able to accurately describe the implications of their PRS. Receiving PRS did not appear to negatively impact women’s reported distress levels. Our findings suggest polygenic breast cancer information is well received and understood by women at high-risk for breast cancer.
Conscious Agency from Fundamentally Embodied Minds: From Free Energy to Free Will and Back Again
Authors: Safron Adam
Published: November 2019

Drawing from both enactivist and cognitivist perspectives on mind, I propose that an adequate characterization of teleological phenomena may require a reappraisal of both “Cartesian theaters” and mental homunculi in terms of embodied self-models (ESMs), understood as body maps with agentic properties, functioning as predictive-memory systems and cybernetic controllers. Quasi-homuncular ESMs may constitute a major organizing principle for neural architectures due to their initial and ongoing significance for the processes by which inference problems are solved in cognitive (and affective) development. Embodied experiences may provide foundation-al lessons in learning curriculums in which agents explore increasingly challenging inference spaces, so helping to solve an unresolved problem in Bayesian cognitive science: what are biologically plausible mechanisms for equipping learners with sufficiently constraining/empowering inductive biases? Drawing on models from neurophysiology, psychology, and developmental robotics, I describe how embodiment may provide primary sources of empirical priors (as reliably learnable posterior expectations). If ESMs play this kind of foundational role in cognitive development, then we ought to expect bidirectional linkages between all sensory modalities and frontal-parietal control hierarchies, so infusing all senses with somatic-motoric properties, thereby structuring all perception by relevant affordances and solving frame problems for em-bodied agents. Drawing upon the Free Energy Principle and Active Inference framework, I de-scribe a particular mechanism for intentional action selection via consciously imagined (and explicitly represented) goal realization, where contrasts between desired and present states influence ongoing policy selection via predictive coding mechanisms and backward-chained imaginings as self-realizing predictions. This embodied developmental legacy suggests a model in which these imaginings can be intentionally shaped by (internalized) partially-expressed motor acts, so providing a means for agentic control of attention, working memory, imagination, and behavior. I further attempt to describe the nature of mental causation and self-control, and also suggest an account of readiness potentials in Libet paradigms wherein conscious intentions may enter causal streams for enaction. Finally, I provide a neurophenomenological handling of prototypical qualia including pleasure, pain, and desire in terms of free energy gradients and quasi-synesthetic interoceptive active inference. In brief, this manuscript attempts to show ways in which fundamentally embodied minds may create foundations for intelligence (as capacity for learning and inference), consciousness (as somatically-grounded self-world modeling), and will (as deployment of predictive models for enacting valued goals).
The Longitudinal Dynamics of Household Composition and Wealth in Rural Malawi
Authors: Myroniuk Tyler W. , Payne Collin F.
Published: November 2019

Household living arrangements play a crucial role in survival efforts throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Household living arrangements foster the development of informal insurance that can mitigate economic or filial shocks, and potentially improve the overall well-being of kin. However, scholarship in sub-Saharan African settings has not been able to, or has not attempted, to track how households have changed and the coinciding changes in livelihood outcomes. We ask whether changes in overall household size and the addition of dependents and working-age individuals are associated with changes in household wealth, a signal of well-being. We use the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health (MLSFH) to exploit detailed data on changing Malawian household composition via a household roster matching technique and fixed effects regressions. The addition of members to a household and the presence of more boys and working-age men—to a certain point—are associated with having more durable goods and greater chances of acquiring a metal roof—key indicators of wealth in rural Malawi. The addition of girls and women of any age are seemingly not linked to changes in household wealth.
US’ Strategic Reorientation and Chinese Counter-Narrative: The Economic Reality of Asia-Pacific
Authors: Afridi Hikmat Shah , Afridi Manzoor Khan , Bilal Muhammad
Published: November 2019

The Concept of Asia-Pacific empowers the US to involve in all matters broadly related to Asia-Pacific. In a simple form, the Asia-Pacific region is encompassing West Coast of North America, Australia and major parts of Asia, having the potential to come up as a geopolitical driving force. Asia-Pacific, comprising 22 percent of world land, is one of the most significant regions that possess three well-known Economic Powers, i.e. the US, Japan, and China. Similarly, the region is to be found strategically at an intersection of Middle East, North America, East Asia, and Europe with worlds six largest ports and five highly important Sea Lanes of Communication for international trading. Having so much importance, Goldman Sachs confirms that hub of the global economic activities will be transferred to Asia-Pacific decisively by 2050. The study will analyze the very importance of Asia-Pacific, the US strategic reorientation and the Chinese counternarrative for the region.
Operations Strategy Practices of SMEs
Authors: Haleem Fazal , Jehangir Muhammad , Baig Asia
Published: November 2019

There is a close link between operations strategies and firm performance. Thus, it is paramount to find out what competitive priorities are adhered to by small and medium enterprises when it comes to operational decision making. The sample is drawn from 244 manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) operational in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Consistent with the research objective, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) is employed to reveal the preference of SMEs in adopting competitive priorities. The results show that the most preferred competitive priority is cost followed by quality and flexibility with delivery priority the least sought-after operations strategy. The paper adds value to a finer and richer understanding of operations strategies in SMEs context and provides insights to practitioners and managers to effectively enhance their firm performance by pursuing right operations strategies.
Capitalism in the 21st Century: A Marxist Perspective
Authors: Gul Saima , Muhammad Syed Sabir , Ali Ahmad
Published: November 2019

A Marxist understanding of the ills of capitalism is applicable to 21st -century capitalism. Motivated by surpluses, capitalism become global in its endeavour of outsourcing production and capital labour substitution. As a result, the capitalist core established an exploitative relationship with the developing and under-developed third world countries. In order to protect their interests and to keep the antagonistic feelings below the threshold, the bourgeoisie elite utilized every tool available to strengthen their control over the resources, maintained their hegemony and absorb counter-hegemonic ideas. The article is an attempt to understand the Marxist interpretation of capitalism and debate in its relevance to 21st -century international politics. With the help of the Iraq war, the article concludes that Marxism and Marxist inspired theoretical interpretation is the best lens to explain the operation of capitalism at the world stage.
China, Pakistan Extended Relation: An Overview of CPEC Opportunities, Expectations and Fear of Balochistan
Authors: Allauddin  , Muhammadi
Published: November 2019

Since the beginning of diplomatic ties in 1951, China-Pakistan has enjoyed long-lasting, stable and friendly relations and considered to be an irreplaceable “all-weather friend” as well. In any hard and troubled time, both countries support each other. Pakistan could have got more benefit from China in the last several decades; however, the CPEC under Chinas “BRI” provides a very shining opportunity for the economic development of Pakistan. Balochistan is geographically the largest and population-wise the smallest province. With its precious mineral resources, deep sea and a vast coast with fantastic climate Balochistan has been ignored; consequently, a significant portion of the youth opted for alternative way, engaging themselves in such activities which brought uncertainty and trouble in the province. Of course, the primary cause of such a condition is economic deprivation, joblessness and most importantly political power which has not been given to them.
Institutional Setup in Market Economy and Islamic Property Rights
Authors: Fatima Noor , Zubair Muhammad , Sarfaraz Zubair
Published: November 2019

This paper argues that there is an ever-growing demand to correlate between Islam and Economics. Property-right and ownership is the basic concept of the modern economic structure of a liberal economic system. A property right is well explained in Islam and that also an essential element for the market economy, this paper discusses the Islamic perspective of property rights and how far it is complementary with the market economy. Since property rights of Islam are central to the structure of the economic system, Islam also emphasizes on economically good life depends on free trade. Free trade demands a recognized system of property rights, as a market base system demands a healthy competition of commodities, which ultimately needs private property rights for the protection of capital of producers and owners. The distribution of wealth is the main argument of the Islamic Economic System, which helps states in the fair distribution of resources.
European Union and Liberalism
Authors: Ahmad Sohail , Kalim Inayat , Gull Azka
Published: November 2019

Complex interdependence is the crucial concept of liberalism. If Liberalism believes in democracy, cooperation, mutual benefits, and human rights, then complex interdependence helps the states to achieve these ideals. Moreover, it also minimizes the chances of conflict and war. The military’s role as a tool of foreign policy is limited, and transnational actors take precedence. The core of liberalism and interdependence could be understood more clearly if one applied it to the European Union. With 28 member states, the EU is the most influential intergovernmental organization in the whole world. The EU member states are mostly democratic and can easily be described as welfare states. The multiplex interdependence is a unique feature of the EU which makes it stronger. The EU has different organs which are responsible for drafting the legislature and carrying out different functions of the organization.
Economic or Organisation Perspective?: Triangulation of Workplace Spirituality, Organisational Learning Capacity (OLC) and Organisational Trust
Authors: Zahra Affaf , Zia-ur Rehman Muhammad , Baig Asia
Published: November 2019

The study examines the relationship between workplace spirituality, organizational learning capacity, and organizational trust. Within the organization, trust plays a significant role in establishing learning capacity. The study is crosssectional in nature with a simple random sampling technique. Information is gathered from Training/learning and OD staff of government and commercial banks operating in Pakistan via selfadministered questionnaires. Data were analyzed through “Structural Equation Modelling (SEM)” and through maximum probability and likelihood. Findings indicate that workplace spirituality had a substantial positive effect on organizational learning capacity and organizational trust acts as moderator. Hence, organizational trust also has a significant positive impact on the relationship between workplace spirituality and organizational learning capacity. Middle and upper-level Managers working in the bank, different industry associations, multiple In-house and Ex-house training providing firms, support functions and research institutions may utilize findings to bring major improvements in learning capacity mechanisms and employee behavior to enhance the overall adequacy of the associations.
The Role of Trade in Peace Promotion: Assessment of Pak-India Relationship
Authors: Gul Saima , Shah Syed Ali , Usman Ullah Muhammad
Published: November 2019

The relationship between trade and peace has been debated by policymakers, academicians and the general public, often ending in contesting conclusions defining the exact role of trade in this complex relationship. While taking the case study of Pakistan and India, this argument becomes more central to understanding whether there is a possibility for the furtherance of trade relations between Pakistan and India. It is a perception that political and military tactics have always been active in deciding the relations between Pakistan and India. Hence, it is important to explore viable options, such as trade, for bringing positive change in relations. This article emphasizes that a liberal perspective may provide a better explanation of this relationship and concludes that trade possesses the capacity to play an active role in mollifying strained relations between Pakistan and India and begin an era of peace and harmony in the region.
THE ROLE OF FOLATE EXCHANGE GENES AND INTERGENIC INTERACTIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY REPRODUCTIVE LOSSES AND INFERTILITY IN MARRIED COUPLES
Authors: Rossokha Z.I. , Medvedieva N.L. , Vershyhora V.A. , Gorovenko N.G.
Published: November 2019

Background. Polymorphism of folate exchange genes, rational nutrition and additional consumption of folic acid by people of reproductive age plays an important role in maintaining reproductive function and giving birth to healthy children. An important component of folate metabolism is the intracellular folate transport. An important role in these processes is played by RFC1, a protein for transmembrane transport of 5-MTHF to the cell. The RFC-1 gene variants are characterized by impaired folate absorption and their low intracellular accumulation. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the genetic risk for folate exchange gene variants and intergenic interactions in order to predict reproductive disorders in married couples. The aim of the work was to study the contribution of genetic polymorphism and intergenic interactions of folate exchange variants of the MTHFR, MTRR, MTR1 and RFC-1 genes to the development of early reproductive losses and unexplained infertility in married couples. Results. 206 couples with reproductive disorders were examined: 69 couples with unexplained infertility, 137 couples with early reproductive losses, and also 35 couples with preserved reproductive function. During the study were identified associations between MTRR (dominant inheritance model), MTR1 (subdominant inheritance model), RFC-1 (dominant inheritance model) gene variants with the risk of early reproductive losses and unexplained infertility in married couples. Fourteen genotypes combinations were determined for the studied genes, which significantly reduced or increased the risk of reproductive disorders in married couples. All certain significant combinations of genotypes developed the risk depending on the RFC-1 gene variant, namely, decreased with the 80GG variant and increased with the 80 GA variant.
DETERMINATION OF ABRASION RESISTANCE OF DENTAL MATERIALS USED FOR DIRECT AND INDIRECT RESTORATIONS OF TEETH OF THE FRONTAL GROUP
Authors: Vodoriz Y.Y. , Brailko N.N. , Lemeshko A.V. , Kovalenko V.V. , Tkachenko I.M.
Published: November 2019

Introduction. Tooth restorations fabricated of any material carry multiple loads in the oral cavity. The ability of restoration materials to resist the forces of shear, bending, and abrasion without losing their functional and aesthetic properties is a valuable factor on which the choice of a dentist and a patient will depend on the stage of coordinating the type and material of restoration. Objectives. Determination of the abrasion resistance of samples of dental restoration materials: light composite resin samples EsthetX (Dentsply-Sirona), feldspatic ceramics EX3 (Noritake), ceramics based on leucite glass IPS Empress Esthetic (Ivoclar Vivadent). Materials and methods. To carry out the corresponding experiment, plates 10 × 10 mm in size and 1 mm thick were prepared from the tested restoration materials. Before testing, the samples were degreased with ethyl alcohol and their density was determined by hydrostatic weighing. Samples of plates (composite or ceramic) were fixed on plates of organic glass. Abrasion of the samples was determined by 200 revolutions of the volcanic disk. At the end of the elongated shoulder of the lever suspended the load, selected so that the shoulder of the lever was in the test in a horizontal position. After testing, the samples were weighed again. Results. Ceramic based on leucite glass has the most optimal parameters from the specific gravity and abrasion resistance. structures made of this material will have a significantly lower weight compared to feldspar ceramics (apr. 43.1% lighter), and 14.2% composite resin material with the same restoration thicknesses. Conclusions. Expluatation of restorations made of leucite glass, according to the experiments, will also be a more extended due to the high abrasion resistance of leucite glass in comparison with the light curing composite resin (17.5% higher), and 77.5% higher comparing to feldspatic ceramics.
CEREBRAL OXIMETRY AS A NEUROMONITORING TECHNIQUE DURING ORAL SANATION IN CHILDREN UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA ON AN OUTPATIENT BASIS
Authors: Koval O. I.
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of assessing cerebral metabolism in children during oral cavity sanitation under conditions of general anaesthesia on an outpatient basis. The procedure was performed by using a non-invasive technique of neuromonitoring, cerebral oximetry, aimed at detecting changes in the cerebral oxygen supply. The method of cerebral oximetry enables to diagnose reduced oxygen saturation of cerebral tissues in early stage that significantly cuts down the risk of pathological organic changes in the brain and, as a consequence, decreases the risk of functional postoperative changes. It is noteworthy that rSO2 is within the upper normal limit (74.41% ± 2.08). This is explained by the peculiarities of the circulatory system in children and vascular walls in particular (developed capillary network, elasticity, and vascular permeability), as well as by the characteristics of the structure of the brain and increased oxygen consumption by cerebral neurons, which are in the stage of active development. It is important to stress that this figure is within the upper normal limit due to ↓rSO2 by 9.4% at the preoperative stage that can be explained by the high stressing, which in most cases is associated with "cryptogenic" phobias. This is a reasonable premise for administering anxiolytics prior dental intervention under general anaesthesia in an outpatient setting to avoid sharp fluctuations in cerebral oxygen saturation. The specific weight of ↓rSO2 in the preoperative stage in group of children is ↓ rSO2 (67.21%) in 24 (17.4%) children (7.18% relative to the total indicator of the identical group and 9.67% relative to the general group), who were at the renewal treated due to acute conditions (acute pulpitis, exacerbation of chronic periodontitis, periostitis). The period between dental interventions in these children did not exceed 2 weeks. This fact causes the necessity to limit the period of recurrent dental interventions to not less than two weeks. According to the results of the study, it has been found out that dental care under general anaesthesia on an outpatient basis while maintaining spontaneous breathing has time limits. It is advisable to perform general anaesthesia for 30 ± 10 minutes in children aged 0-3 years, for 40 ± 15 min. in children aged 3-12 years, and 60 ± 15 min. in children aged 12-18 years. The choice of dental treatment modes should be based on the time and possibility of a second visit. The term of planned dental surgery under general anaesthesia in an outpatient setting while maintaining spontaneous breathing after acute respiratory diseases requires at least two week period. In order to prevent the risk of complications during the oral sanitation at an outpatient setting under general anaesthesia, a period of scheduled dental recurrent interventions should be preformed not earlier than in two weeks.
RATIONALE FOR USING ORAL APPLIACE TO TREAT SNORING AND OBSTRUCTIVE APNEA SYNDROME
Authors: Ksenzhuk M.A. , Nidzelskiy M.Ya. , Kuznetsov V.V.
Published: November 2019

Snoring and its common complication, obstructive apnoea syndrome, are among the urgent issues of current medicine and dentistry. The relevance of this problem is evidenced by its high prevalence worldwide. According to the latest research, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome affects 10% of men aged 30-49 years and 17% of men aged 50-70 years, 3% of women aged 30-49 years and 9% of women aged 50-70 years. The snore detection rate in recent years has been progressively increasing. Snoring and obstructive apnoea syndrome are most often caused by the disorders of the dento-maxillary system including distal position of the mandible; maxilla narrowing, high-arched (or Gothic) palate, dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint; macroglossia. The likelihood of obstructive apnoea in patients with an acute angle of the mandibular plane and underdeveloped chin also increases. All of these causes narrow the airway lumen and reduce the dimensional characteristics of the oral cavity. Depending on the causes of snoring and obstructive apnoea syndrome, there are different methods for their treating. Intraoral appliances are becoming widely used in the world practice; and the protocols of treatment and prevention for snoring and obstructive apnoea in Western countries recommend using the appliances. In 2000, the American Academy of Sleep Medicine created a section of oral appliances used to treat snoring and obstructive apnoea syndrome. All of them have both advantages and disadvantages. The disadvantages due to using intra-oral devices for the treatment and prevention of snoring and obstructive apnoea include: TMJ pain, excessive salivation or vice versa, dry mouth, toothache and insomnia. Purpose of the study: to improve the oral appliance for the treatment of snoring and obstructive apnoea syndrome. Conclusions. We have proposed and developed an oral appliance for the prevention of snoring and apnoea, which function is based on fixing the physiological bite at rest.
PECULIARITIES OF DETERMINING INDIVIDUAL AND SEXUAL VARIABILITY OF THIRD MOLARS IN PEOPLE OF THE FIRST PERIOD OF MATURITY
Authors: Talash R. V.
Published: November 2019

The article presents a theoretical synthesis and a new solution of the scientific problem, which consists in determining the sexual and individual polymorphism of third molars through the age aspect. The review of the relevant literature, the results obtained by analysing orthopantograms of people at the first period of adulthood, and studying randomly selected third molars removed for various clinical reasons (more than 140 samples) are presented. It has been shown that erupted third molars considerably vary in size and shape that is due to different combinations of configurational relationship between the crown and root parts. This depends on the location of opposing teeth in the dentition and sex as well, but does not correlate with age. Moreover, the entire range of individual and sexual variability of the third molars is limited by two extreme forms: very large teeth with long divided roots or with a quadratubercular crown, which are not significantly different from typical molars, and very small analogues with one fused root section, the crowns of which resemble small permanent teeth. Between these forms all other are distributed and most numerous types we called as intermediate. The data analyzed indicate that the individual variability of the size of the teeth in length depends entirely on the length of their root sections. It has been established that, relative to the crown-root index, there are three forms distinguished among the third molars: long-root; medium root and short root. At the same time, long-root forms are found mainly among male teeth, mid-root forms are more characteristic of female wisdom teeth, and short-root forms of third molars do not show a sex difference. The results obtained demonstrate that the orthopantogram of the dentofacial system in humans (aged 22 to 35 years) reliably reveals an inverse relationship between the longitudinal size and the term of eruption of the third molars. The systematic approach used in the work made it possible to bring the varied polymorphism of the third molars into a certain order, highlighting the most indicative features for their classification.