bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Narrating Crisis through the Loyalist Witness
Authors: Abboud Samer
Published: March 2023

Scholarly interest in Syrian wartime witnessing has overwhelmingly focused on how cultural production bears witness to state violence. In this article, I shift attention to a form of loyalist wartime witnessing by asking how the films of Syrian director Joud Said construct war stories giving meaning to regime narratives of a ‘crisis’. Drawing on two of his films, Maṭar Homs and Darb al-Sama, I argue that Said’s works narrate crisis through the loyalist witness, a subject victim shifting attention towards how armed groups and other Syrian ‘enemies’ perpetrated violence and inflicted trauma on Syrians. In positioning the loyalist witness as the subject through which Syrian trauma is narrated, Said’s films delineate what can and cannot be seen and said about the Syrian conflict. As the subject of his war films, the loyalist witness functions to obscure and render invisible regime violence and responsibility for Syria’s catastrophe.
Unreliable Vaults, Holy Disbelief: Narrative Ethics in Dead Sea Scrolls “News”
Authors: Lande Dana Ryan
Published: March 2023

National Geographic’s revelation of forgeries in March 2020 concerning “Dead Sea Scroll-like” fragments purchased by the Museum of the Bible is one of the most recent examples in a long media history of ethical consequences facilitated by the absence of provenance narratives. Throughout the media history of Dead Sea Scroll reports, rhetorical repetition, invocation of ignorance, and narrative deficiency have characterized articles which rely on placeholders for provenance, as well as the underreporting and under-evaluating of information provided by interviewees. Narrative inquiry and ethical analysis allow for an exploration into how the media – here used as a term to describe professional online news sources accessed by both scholars and non-scholars alike – first facilitated absences, then deficiencies in provenance reporting on the Dead Sea Scrolls and the fragments that claim to be them.
Fear Not, for I Am with You Again (Socially Distanced): A Qualitative Thematic Analysis of Megachurch Post-covid Lockdown Re-opening Videos on Facebook
Authors: Wold Todd L.
Published: March 2023

Churches in the United States closed their doors to in-person gatherings during the covid-19 lockdown in March of 2020. As conditions improved, churches began re-opening to indoor worship services, instituting safety measures to comply with cdc guidelines. Churches used social media to promote their re-opening to their congregations. With the goal of evaluating the video messages of churches promoting their re-opening, the study analyzes the content of Facebook videos from non-denominational megachurches between June and October 2020. This qualitative thematic analysis explores how the videos address the threat of covid-19, the risk of attending in-person services, and the efficacy of health and safety measures. The inductive analysis was sensitized by the extended parallel processing model, ritual communication theory, and the concept of security theater. The themes identified have potential implications for future religious and health communication research, especially concerning contentious safety protocols, managing fear and anxiety, liability concerns, livestreaming technology, and more digitally transient congregations.
Jus Pro Homine, Natura et Animalis: Dignifying the Right to Life of Arctic Indigenous Peoples
Authors: Negishi Yota
Published: March 2023

Indigenous theorists have developed the multi-spatio-temporal accounts of relationality among humans, natures, and animals. In the context of the Arctic, a holistic approach that integrates the indigenous peoples, frozen water, and polar animals is advocated to ensure identity, spirituality, and hydrosocial or cryosocial relations. Such an ontological approach gains importance as the life-threatening phenomenon of climate change is increasingly affecting every aspect of the relationality, happening faster in the Arctic than anywhere on the planet. The adverse effects of climate change on the lives of Arctic indigenous peoples living together with natures and animals pressure us to reconceptualize the meaning of life in constitutional and international law. This paper examines the recent trend to extend the right to life from physical existence to decent existence of indigenous peoples, natures, and animals. It particularly analyses the climate litigations filed by Arctic indigenous peoples, in which they tailor their legal arguments in line with the concept of a dignified life. The author argues that the ontological right to life with dignity not only remedies the vulnerable positions of Arctic indigenous peoples but also corroborates the resilience of their hydrosocial or cryosocial relations with natures and animals.
U.S.-China Arctic Cooperation in a New Era of Great Power Competition: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Ren Yuanyuan
Published: March 2023

This article examines the current opportunities for and constraints on the U.S.-China cooperation in the Arctic. It argues that, despite ongoing tensions between the United States and China on many issues, there are numerous concrete opportunities for the two countries to develop dialogue and cooperation concerning the Arctic and Arctic Peoples. To substantiate this argument and enrich the existing literature on U.S.-China relations in the Arctic, this article focuses on three issue areas where the two powers could develop trust and cooperation: (1) the freedom of navigation in the Arctic Ocean, (2) the implementation of new science-based Arctic treaties, and (3) Alaska-China economic relations. Given the current state of U.S.-China relations, this article advocates a bottom-to-top approach based on the concept and practice of science diplomacy to facilitate the development of U.S.-China Arctic cooperation.
Legal Personality in Antarctica
Authors: Daya-Winterbottom Trevor
Published: March 2023

This paper will critically explore New Zealand’s global trusteeship approach to Antarctica, and the development of guardianship approaches to protecting lakes, harbours, mountains, rivers, and territorial waters. In particular, the paper will examine the growing influence of indigenous claims (including the Ngāi Tahu relationship with the Sub-Antarctic islands) and novel techniques for conferring legal personality on mountains and rivers. The paper will interrogate these themes and provide tentative conclusions for a new approach to Antarctic protection based on legal personality.
Polar Policy in Practice: Tour Guiding in Antarctica
Authors: Nielsen Hanne , Roldan Gabriela
Published: March 2023

This paper examines the role of the Antarctic tour guide as the front-line actor in interpreting and enforcing polar policy on the continent. Drawing on interviews with expedition team members, it asks where guides turn for up to date information about sites; where guides see themselves positioned within the structures of Antarctic governance; and how they experience their role as mediators between visitors and the Antarctic environment. Foregrounding the experiences of those who call Antarctica a workplace, the paper also highlights the perceived role of IAATO in the tourism ecosystem, and provides recommendations for how industry, policy-makers and guides can work together to create a more explicit connection between policy and practice in the future.
The 2018 Judgment by the European Court of Justice on Antarctic MPAS and Its Possible Significance to the Antarctic Treaty System
Authors: Buchheister Gustavo Ramírez
Published: March 2023

The CJEU’s decision in the Antarctic Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) case offered an opportunity to explore the area where EU Law and the Antarctic Treaty System overlap: in the forum of the CAMLR Commission. From the point of view of EU Law, CCAMLR is a so-called ‘mixed agreement’, meaning that its scope includes areas where both the European Union and its Member States are competent. This article explains how the Court resolved the question of the joint representation of a common standpoint in a forum where the Union has no autonomous position, and then goes on to explore the significance that the decision could have for the Antarctic Treaty System.
Antarctic Maritime Zones in the Era of Climate Change: ILC, ILA and the Long Road Ahead
Authors: Villalobos Marcelo Molina
Published: March 2023

The legal process of determining maritime zones is largely dependent upon the drawing of baselines, which in most cases correspond to the low-water line located on the coast of a land territory subject to the sovereignty of a State. In the case of Antarctica, the unique geographic and legal characteristics of the continent make the drawing of baselines an atypically difficult process, thus subsequently hindering the determination and delimitation of maritime zones by States. First, this article summarizes the traditional and continuing legal debate on how to define baselines in the specific context of Antarctica. It will then examine the recent discussions under International Law Association (ILA) and International Law Commission (ILC) on the issue of baselines and sea level rise to analyse their implications, if any, to the Antarctic continent. Said analysis does not intend to provide definitive answers to this long-standing problem, but rather seeks to put into perspective the application of traditional legal theories in highly complex contexts of the Antarctic with its unique legal and geographic indeterminacy and in light of increasing effects of the climate change.
From the Margins to the Centre
Authors: Corboz Elvire , Esposti Emanuelle Degli
Published: March 2023

Despite recent scholarly focus on Shiʿa minorities in Britain, there has been little exploration of how Shiʿa (re)define what it means to be a British Muslim more broadly. Here, we shift the focus away from inward-looking manifestations of Shiʿa-specific identity and towards the diverse ways Shiʿa Muslims are actively seeking to promote and enact inclusive ways of being Muslim in Britain. Profiling three Shiʿa-led grassroots organisations – Who is Hussain, Love Muhammad and The Muslim Vibe – we explore how the younger generations of British Shiʿa are invested in creating and sustaining a sense of inclusive British Islam which, by drawing on what we call an ‘Islamically-conscious’ ethics, seeks to engage Sunni Muslims and wider society in contemporary Britain.
‘As a Sunni, I Naturally Cannot Understand Anything Like Temporary Marriage’
Authors: Pauha Teemu
Published: March 2023

Identity construction involves drawing a rhetorical boundary between one’s own group and others. Using data gathered from a Finnish online forum for Muslims, I study how the practice of temporary (mutʿa) marriage is used to mark a boundary between Sunni and Shiʿa Muslims. Here, I examine the rhetorical devices used by Sunni and Shiʿa Muslims, combining the principle of meta-contrast with the concept of boundary-markers to propose a general model of intergroup boundary dynamics.
Little Amal: a Symbolic Puppet, The Problematisation of Immigration and the Rhetoric of Islamophobia
Authors: Allen Chris
Published: March 2023

The Walk featured a 3.5m tall puppet named Little Amal walking across Europe to raise awareness of the plight of refugees and displaced children. While warmly welcomed in more than 60 villages, towns and cities, this article centres on the handful of locations where instead of celebration Little Amal was met with hostility. In doing so, this article begins with a detailed overview of the rationale behind The Walk and Little Amal. From here, it continues by reflecting on the hostility expressed towards Little Amal in three geographical locations: Greece, France and the UK. Investigating and unpacking both the perceived and actual contributing factors – the social, political and so on – this article goes on to draw on existing scholarly literatures to frame and contextualise the hostility encountered. In conclusion, this article posits that the hostility directed towards Little Amal was neither without precedent nor should it have been unexpected.
Observing the Sunni-Shiʿa Divide in Fieldwork
Authors: Petersen Jesper
Published: March 2023

Based on an ethnographic study of non-conformist mosques, this article demonstrates how Muslims may adopt a Sunni or Shiʿa identity while navigating spaces that are institutionalised as such but give much less importance to this identity – if any – when occupying less structured spaces. It may, for example, have little influence on what religious literature they read, which preachers they follow on social media, and how they practise religion in everyday life. The article argues that research methodologies must be properly sensitised to this. Otherwise, they risk making the Sunni–Shiʿa identity hypervisible, thus producing the divide rather than investigating it.
World Trade Organization Rules Before Investment Tribunals: Facilitating Cross-Fertilisation While Appreciating Particularities
Authors: Baetens Freya
Published: March 2023

The private organisation of production through global value chains has tightened the material connection between international trade and foreign investment while being simultaneously politicised by certain actors. This paper seeks to explore how the rules generated, interpreted, and applied in the World Trade Organization (WTO) have been received by arbitral tribunals deciding investment disputes. Three avenues make this reception possible: first, provisions in investment agreements rendering WTO law directly applicable to investment disputes; second, principles of interpretation allowing recourse to WTO rules as a tool for the interpretation of investment law; third, the authoritative value of WTO case law on points of general international law concerning the settlement of international (investment) disputes. These three avenues allow investment tribunals to build on the law and practice of the WTO with a view to facilitating the cross-fertilisation between the two fields, while appreciating the substantive, procedural and institutional particularities of investment law.
Rules of the Organization: Article 5 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and the Relevance of European Union Law in Investment Arbitration
Authors: Gött Henner
Published: March 2023

As per several judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), intra- EU investment arbitration is incompatible with the EU treaties. Therefore, and due to the primacy of the EU treaties over other international agreements concluded by the EU or its Member States, provisions in investment treaties conferring jurisdiction on investment tribunals are inapplicable in intra-EU cases. Nonetheless, investment tribunals continue to exercise jurisdiction in these cases, relying on an alleged dichotomy between EU law and international law, as well as on the general law of treaties as codified in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT). This paper counters tribunals’ arguments by introducing Article 5 VCLT, a norm collectively overlooked by investment tribunals. It shows how Article 5 VCLT translates relevant norms of EU law into an international legal concept – the ‘rules of the organization’ – and endows them with precedence over pertinent other VCLT provisions. In consequence, the position of investment tribunals is untenable not only under EU law, but also under international law.
The Case for the Ex-Post Valuation of Damages Under International Investment Law
Authors: Ziegler Pacôme , Gallorini Cristian
Published: March 2023

This article addresses the question of the date of valuation and whether and how post-breach developments and information can and should be taken into account under international investment law. We will first show that, contrary to the claim that is sometimes made in arbitral practice and commentaries, tribunals approach these issues in four different ways. We will then critically analyse each one of these approaches. Our conclusion will be that, for unlawful expropriations and other international wrongs, the best approach is the one whereby damages are valued as at the date of the award or a proxy date for it and based on the information available at that time, provided it is sufficiently reliable. We will notably explain how this conclusion tallies with the Permanent Court of International Justice’s judgment in Factory at Chorzów, considered by many the cornerstone of the international investment law of damages.
The Legal Status of Muslim Women in Turkestan: on the Divorce Process (Late 19th-Early 20th Centuries)
Authors: Shadmanova Sanobar
Published: March 2023

The goal of this paper is to study the legal status of Turkestan’s Muslim women before, during, and after the transition to Russian Imperial rule. In particular, it will analyze changes to the rights of women in the divorce process and in widowhood over this period. Through examination of various cases concerning family practices among sedentary and nomadic people over time, the author argues that Muslim women retained financial and other rights in divorce proceedings typical of the pre-Imperial period, and extending into the period of Imperial rule. This article further argues that Muslim women had the continuing right to demand a divorce if their husbands would not comply with the terms of their marriage contracts. Also, Muslim women could claim financial support from their husbands after divorce in the period of the Russian empire as in the period of the Central Asian khanates.
The Role of the Russian Political Agency in Diplomatic Relations between the Emirate of Bukhara and the Russian Empire
Authors: Oybek Klichev
Published: March 2023

The article analyzes the foundation of the Russian Imperial Political Agency (Politicheskoe agentstvo) in the Emirate of Bukhara, and initial activities in diplomatic relations between the Russian Empire and the Emirate. Based on existing correspondence between the chancellery of the qushbegi and the Agency, the structure and growth of the latter agency is analyzed. The diplomatic character of this correspondence is revealed through an in-depth study of the works of the chancellery, archives, and staff. The timeframe of the article starts from November 12, 1885 when the Russian State Council passed a decision on the establishment of the “Political Agency of the Russian Emperor in Bukhara”. This lasted until March 17, 1917.
The Russian Colonial Economy in Central Asia
Authors: Pasilov Bakhodir
Published: March 2023

The article addresses selected problems of the colonial economy in Central Asia which appeared following the Russian conquest of this region. The basis of this economy was the cultivation of a new, American cotton variety across the region and the subsequent development of cotton growing on an industrial scale. As a result of the large-scale introduction of this agricultural-technical culture, significant changes occurred in the structure of the region’s economy. One negative consequence of this transition to a colonial economy was the demise of the manufacture of finished products that had been common prior to Russian conquest of the region. This development reconfigured trade relations of the Bukhara Emirate, Khiva, and Kokand Khanates (Turkestan) with Russia, as following colonization the bulk of cotton exports to Russia was made up of raw materials, primarily cotton and cotton fiber.

Cotton also played an important role in the regional geopolitics of Russia, particularly with regard to Afghanistan. Accordingly, it was more important for Russia to expand Afghanistan’s cotton production than to be dependent on cotton supplied from the United States.

Railways became important elements of the colonial economy by providing a vital connection between urban centers and rural agricultural areas. This not only accelerated the delivery of raw materials, primarily cotton, to Russian industrial-textile centers, but also significantly reduced the delivery costs of goods. However, the unilateral development of this regional colonial economy ultimately aggravated social conditions among local populations. After the establishment of Soviet control in Central Asia, the agricultural policy of the Tsarist government became the prototype for the Bolsheviks in defining this region’s economic role in the Soviet economic system.
Political Organizations of Russian Turkestan at the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: Rovshan Abdullaev
Published: March 2023

The article highlights the most important aspects of the political history of Russian Turkestan at the beginning of the 20th century. It deals with the formation of a multi-party system in the Russian Empire and the activities of the first national political organizations in the Central Asian region. The author reveals the underpinnings of a national movement taking place under the colonial regime. The article analyzes the main provisions of the political programs of all-Russian parties and national organizations, such as Shuroi-Islomiya, Alash, Shuroi-Ulamo, Turk Adami Markaziyat Firkasi (Party of Turkic Federalists), and others. Sections examine the origins of the ideological confrontation between progressive Jadids and Muslim traditionalists, and provide a brief history of the formation, and ensuing liquidation, of Turkestan as an autonomous entity. Despite the existence of ideological differences in the national movement, the author uncovers how many representatives of national political organizations were devoted to the idea of independence and sought a way out of cultural isolationism.
Linee di conflitto, economia politica e stratificazione sociale nel Kurdistan iracheno
Authors: Degli Esposti Nicola , Tinti Alessandro
Published: March 2023

The article follows the history of Iraqi Kurdistan from the achievement of regional autonomy in 1991 to the most recent protest movements, tracing the origin of a neo-patrimonial system tied to the dynastic power of the two ruling parties and outlining its current crisis. The authors analyze the popular protests that have inflamed the region since 2015 within the processes of institutional formation, social stratification, and economic transformation of the Iraqi-Kurdish region. By questioning the dominant scholarly approach, which tends to present the Kurds exclusively in ethno-national terms, the authors propose an original sociological reading with the aim of shedding light on the complexity of the social and political conflicts running through Kurdish society.
Bodily Articulation through K-pop in Latin America. Audiovisual Narratives, Aesthetics, and Creative Reproduction
Authors: Koeltzsch Grit Kirstin
Published: March 2023

K-pop cover dance is one of the key activities within Hayllu culture in Latin America. This paper examines the video performances of the ten finalist groups of the ‘Cover Dance bts’ contest, a K-pop dance competition performing the choreographies of exclusively bts songs, which was organized in 2021 by the Korean Cultural Center (Buenos Aires) for participants from Latin American countries. The research focuses on the corporal expressions in the videos that go beyond a mere reproduction of movements behind a camera, including aesthetic-creative qualities, and considers dance performances as a multisensory articulation, which are also socio-cultural narratives, and I interpret as urban corpographies. To achieve a broader understanding, I apply a specific methodology as I engage the videos based on a multi-sensory and embodied analysis, arguing that the meaning of dance goes beyond mere visual aspects.
Music in Digital Media: a Study with Brazilian Youth on Global Consumption
Authors: Riegel Viviane , Pellerano Joana A.
Published: March 2023

One of the spheres of transnational consumption of young Brazilians today is the consumption of music in digital media, mainly in different audiovisual formats. Music, which is the main cultural product consumed by young people everyday, is listened to and watched, with different software, apps and devices, mainly through the use of smartphones. In this digital relationship with music, young individuals present different forms of consumption, both in relation to formats – listening only to music, watching a video clip, watching a video with a performance related to the song, recording videos using the song as background or as content – as well as in relation to frequency/speed – in the variety of formats used for consumption, in the edition of songs to micro formats. Based on these perspectives, we present a study developed with Brazilian youth that sought to understand music consumption, analyzing quantity, frequency and diversity, through the application of a questionnaire (N=450), three focus groups (N=24) and an interactive game technique developed by the research team (N=180). Music consumption by Brazilian youth is omnivorous, due to the different musical genres, from different parts of the world, and in different formats, elements that go beyond the idea of transnational taste. It is also the cultural product that is mostly connected to local culture, with local influencers, which show a strong relation to popular culture and also draw possibilities of interaction of local culture with global elements. Voracity is one key element that explains the audiovisual consumption of music by Brazilian youth, in a combination of playlists and videos suggested by algorithms that form an almost endless quantity of references, which are both desired by individuals and recommended by global or local cultural influencers.
Westernization of Musical Culture and Cultural Stratification in Northeast India: Role of Western Music on the Consumption of Music among Youth
Authors: Laskar Mahmudul Hasan
Published: March 2023

The musical culture in Northeast India is assimilated to Western music. The influence of Western music in the Northeast is more than in any other region of India. Folk music, regional film music, and Indian film music are developed as popular culture. The study revealed that Western music genres like rock, rap, and pop are integral to Northeast India’s music culture. In line with global music culture, rock bands in Northeast India are in operation that molded the music culture. Youths, particularly students, are ardent followers of Western music culture and developed a youth sub-culture. But a unique phenomenon also occurred, e. g. cultural stratification among sections of youths. The study revealed that the tribal youths are more attached to Western music than their non-tribal counterpart. It is highlighted that rural youths are more attached to regional and Indian film music, but urban youths prefer Western music.
Enhancing Catholic School Identity: A Response to Peter McGregor
Authors: Horner Robyn
Published: March 2023

‘The Leuven Project: Enhancing Catholic School Identity?’ appeared in the May 2022 edition of ITQ.1 Motivated by concerns that the article misrepresents the Enhancing Catholic School Identity (ECSI) research in the academic forum and fundamentally rejects the theology of the Second Vatican Council from which it springs, I write to clarify some of its misconceptions and critique some of its theological assumptions. In particular, Dr McGregor’s claims that the ECSI Research has a ‘very novel account of revelation and especially of the meaning of “symbol”’ (2) colour the entire article and preempt its construal of the authors on whose work it comments: Didier Pollefeyt and Lieven Boeve.
Network Ties, Upward Status Heterophily, and Unanticipated Health Consequences
Authors: Kim ChangHwan , Hyun-soo Kim Harris
Published: March 2023

Using cross-national data containing information on the status rank of network alters, this study investigates the potential negative effects of “upward status heterophily,” ties to and perceived interaction with higher status others. According to our main finding, upward status heterophily is associated with poor physical health and lower subjective well-being. We also find that this focal relationship varies across individual and contextual moderators. For subjective well-being only, it is weaker among people who are better educated, have larger nonkin network, and possess greater self-efficacy. Moreover, there is a significant cross-level interaction: For both health outcomes, the relationship is more pronounced in subnational regions that are economically more unequal. Our findings shed light on the mechanisms of the “dark side of social capital” by operationalizing perceived status differential as a proxy for upward social comparison and showing its deleterious consequences in the East Asian context.
Navigating Intersectionality and Positionality Within Black and Latinx Youth Organizing Spaces
Authors: Malone Hui-Ling S. , McAlister Sara , Perez Wendy Y.
Published: March 2023

This study examines how Black and Latinx youth organizers navigate intersectionality and positionality as they campaigned for community and educational justice. Studies have shown the value of youth organizing for Black and Latinx populations but there is limited knowledge of how members navigate their differences to deepen solidarity efforts. The research questions are (1) how do youth organizers negotiate their positionality in terms of privileges and vulnerabilities? and (2) how do youth organizers show up for each other when addressing issues that do not affect everyone the same? We draw on a longitudinal, mixed-methods study that follows multiple cohorts of youth organizers, which revealed that young people in youth organizing spaces had a sophisticated understanding of their own identities and positionality in relation to their campaigns and other youth who did not share the same identity.
Determinants of Turn-Around-Time for Early Infant Diagnosis of HIV Testing: Retrospective Analysis of National Level PCR Testing Data
Authors: Gawde Nilesh , Kamble Suchit , Kurle Swarali , Jagtap Dhanashree , Goel Noopur , Nikhare Kalyani , Kamble Susmita , Gade Sharda , Verma Vinita , Singh Ravikar , Nerurkar Sayali , Rajan Shobini , Das Chinmoyee
Published: March 2023

India has been implementing one of the biggest Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) of HIV intervention globally. The turn-around-time (TAT) for EID test is one of the major factors for success of the program. This study was to assess the turnaround time and its determinants. It is a mixed methods study with quantitative analysis of retrospective data (2013-2016) collected from all the 7 Early Infant Diagnosis testing laboratories (called as regional reference laboratories or RRLs) in India and qualitative component that can help explain the determinants of turn-around-time. The retrospective national level data available from the RRLs was analyzed to measure the turn-around-time from the receipt of samples to the dispatch of results and to understand the determinants for the same. The 3 components transport time, testing time, and dispatch time were also calculated. Transport time was analyzed state-wise and the testing time RRL wise to understand disparities, if any. Qualitative interviews with the RRL officials were conducted to understand the underlying determinants of TAT. The Median turn-around-time ranged between 29 and 53 days over the 4 years. Transport time was significantly higher for states without RRL (42 days) than those with RRL (27 days). Testing time varied from RRL to RRL and was associated with incomplete forms, inadequate samples, kits logistics, staff turnover, staff training, and instrument related issues. The TAT is high and can be potentially reduced with interventions, such as decentralization of RRLs; courier systems for sample transport; and ensuring adequate resources at the RRL level.
Factors Affecting Anemia in Pregnancy Women in Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Oyewole Oyerinde Olusesan , Nkanga Essien Annieye , Oyerinde Ifeoluwa Emmanuel , Akintoye Onamade , Asekun-Olarinmoye Ifeoluwa , Alabi Quadri Kunle
Published: March 2023

Anemia progresses due to low red blood cells counts or hemoglobin. The World Health Organization (WHO) has suggested the condition to be a serious global public health problem that affects pregnant women worldwide. Anemic pregnant women may suffer post-partum hemorrhage, pre-term delivery, seizures, and severe cases of anemia that potentially lead to cardiac failure or death. However, it is pertinent for pregnant women and health service providers to have the adequate knowledge about the factors associated with anemia in pregnancy. Thus, this study assessed the factors associated with anemia in pregnancy women attending primary healthcare (PHC) centers in Ibeju-Lekki Local government area, Lagos state. This study employed descriptive cross-sectional design using multi-stage sampling method to recruit 295 pregnant women into the study. Data were collected using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. The recruited participants (56.6%) were majorly in their third trimester, of which their mean age was 28.7 ± 5.9 years. About 80.7% of the participants were married, having a mean knowledge score of 6.6 ± 3.2. More than half of respondents (56.3%) were anemic and had a poor knowledge (50.5%) of anemia in pregnancy. The mean hemoglobin concentration within the population was 11.06 ± 0.73 g/dl with a range of 8.3 to 12.0. There was no significant association between the respondents’ knowledge of anemia in pregnancy and anemic status (X2 = 0.549; P = .45). However, this study observed a significant association between dietary diversity score and anemic status (X2 = 8.66; P = .01) and the trimester status of respondents’ first antenatal visit (X2 = 9.603; P = .008). The study concluded that anemia in pregnancy was associated with maternal factors such as their first antenatal visit and the dietary diversity score. Due to this, proper education of pregnant women on anemia by health workers during antenatal clinics or visits should be prioritize to improve their anemia status.
Perceived Organizational Support and Reduced Job Performance During COVID-19
Authors: Hasan Naveed , Waseem Muhammad Adnan , Sarfraz Muddassar , Wajid Nauman
Published: March 2023

Current research aims to identify a framework to enhance the performance of employees in government sector healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic. Perceived organizational support was identified to enhance employees’ performance through the intervention of a psychological process containing 3 states, that is, psychological safety, felt obligation and organization-based self-esteem. Job performance is considered as planned behavior, and psychological links are developed on the basis of the theory of planned behavior. This study is quantitative and used an empirical survey. Respondents of the study were nursing staff of government hospitals in Pakistan. The data were collected during the first wave of COVID-19 in Pakistan through online distributed questionnaires, and the data were analyzed using Smart PLS. Results show that perceived organizational support positively affects job performance during the COVID-19 crisis, and all the psychological states mediate the relationship. The study results are helpful for decision-makers of public sector organizations dealing with the most common problem of performance reduction during COVID-19. Results are also helpful for policymakers to address reduced performance in most government hospitals. Future research should consider antecedents of the perception of organizational support in the context of government and private hospitals.
Prevalence and correlates of child maltreatment among mothers in the Kurdistan province, Western Iran
Authors: Khazaei Sahel , Salehi Alireza , Molavi Vardanjani Hossein
Published: March 2023

Objective

Parental child maltreatment is a serious public health issue worldwide. As mothers take on a significant proportion of parenting duties in two-parent families, knowledge of maternal risk factors for child maltreatment is essential.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 135 mothers with their last child under 18 years in Kurdistan province were enrolled. A validated Persian version of the ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool-Parent version, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory were administered.

Results

The prevalence of severe and moderate physical punishment was 78.5% and 71.9%, respectively. Psychological punishment was reported by 99.3% of respondents, and 48.9% reported neglect. A relationship was found between child physical and emotional abuse and low maternal education ( p < 0.01), domestic violence ( p = 0.02), maternal exposure to maltreatment during childhood ( p = 0.03), maternal depression ( p < 0.01), and maternal anxiety ( p < 0.01). A relationship was also found between child neglect and residence in rural areas ( p < 0.01), domestic violence, and low maternal education ( p = 0.02).

Conclusion

Maternal child maltreatment in Iran is increased in mothers with psychological disorders and those with certain demographic characteristics. Clinicians should be alert to these potential risk factors.
Imagining Residential Segregation before the Ghetto: Representations of Black Urban Space and Mobility in the “Darktown” Comics, 1877-1900
Authors: Anderson Colin L.
Published: March 2023

Examining Currier and Ives’s immensely popular and racist lithographic print series, the “Darktown” comics, from 1877 to 1900, this article argues that the prints represented homogeneous black urban space as commonplace, natural, and correct despite the fact that extensive residential racial segregation was not the reality in any U.S. cities during the period. In doing so, the images both reflected growing white desires for segregation and constituted one site where Americans encountered, and potentially acquired, ideas about segregation. By demonstrating that images of racial segregation circulated via the Darktown comics prior to advent of ghettoization, this article addresses a significant gap in the historical scholarship on U.S. racial residential segregation in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, as this scholarship has overlooked popular culture as a site where ideas about segregation appeared and played out.
Prediction of Renal Function 1 Year After Transplantation Using Machine Learning Methods Based on Ultrasound Radiomics Combined With Clinical and Imaging Features
Authors: Zhu Lili , Huang Renjun , Zhou Zhiyong , Fan Qingmin , Yan Junchen , Wan Xiaojing , Zhao Xiaojun , He Yao , Dong Fenglin
Published: March 2023

Kidney transplantation is the most effective treatment for advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). If the prognosis of transplantation can be predicted early after transplantation, it might improve the long-term survival of patients with transplanted kidneys. Currently, studies on the assessment and prediction of renal function by radiomics are limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the value of ultrasound (US)-based imaging and radiomics features, combined with clinical features to develop and validate the models for predicting transplanted kidney function after 1 year (TKF-1Y) using different machine learning algorithms. A total of 189 patients were included and classified into the abnormal TKF-1Y group, and the normal TKF-1Y group based on their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels 1 year after transplantation. The radiomics features were derived from the US images of each case. Three machine learning methods were employed to establish different models for predicting TKF-1Y using selected clinical and US imaging as well as radiomics features from the training set. Two US imaging, four clinical, and six radiomics features were selected. Then, the clinical (including clinical and US image features), radiomics, and combined models were developed. The area under the curves (AUCs) of the models was 0.62 to 0.82 within the test set. Combined models showed statistically higher AUCs than the radiomics models (all p-values <.05). The prediction performance of different models was not significantly affected by the different machine learning algorithms (all p-values >.05). In conclusion, US imaging features combined with clinical features could predict TKF-1Y and yield an incremental value over radiomics features. A model integrating all available features may further improve the predictive efficacy. Different machine learning algorithms may not have a significant impact on the predictive performance of the model.
Book Review: A glitch in the matrix: The Class Matrix: Social Theory after the Cultural Turn
Authors: Ebner-Landy Katie
Published: March 2023

Chibber’s The Class Matrix and Confronting Capitalism aim to rescue class from the cultural turn. Rather than thinking that mass media mollified the working class, he suggests we re-investigate capitalism itself. We can then see how hard capitalism makes it to take risks for the collective. Chibber’s solution is to shift people from ‘individualistic to solidaristic’ ways of thinking through lived practices, rather than the arts. This review argues, however, that by excluding the culture industry from encouraging solidaristic ways of thinking, Chibber removes a crucial tool in the socialist armory: the way in which artistic representations can help us see ourselves and the world differently.
Marcuse’s critique of technology today
Authors: Feenberg Andrew
Published: March 2023

Marcuse was the face of the Frankfurt School during the 1960s and '70s. His eclipse led, among other unfortunate consequences, to the disappearance of his critique of science and technology. That critique is based on an experiential ontology that derives in part from Marcuse’s background in phenomenology. In this paper I trace the roots of that ontology in his early interpretation of Marx’s Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844. One-Dimensional Man takes up the phenomenological critique in a Marxist vein. This critique is newly relevant now that we face impending environmental catastrophe due to climate change. Thus the study of Marcuse today is not simply academic, but once again politically significant.
Boreas: A multi-season autonomous driving dataset
Authors: Burnett Keenan , Yoon David J , Wu Yuchen , Li Andrew Z , Zhang Haowei , Lu Shichen , Qian Jingxing , Tseng Wei-Kang , Lambert Andrew , Leung Keith YK , Schoellig Angela P , Barfoot Timothy D
Published: March 2023

The Boreas dataset was collected by driving a repeated route over the course of 1 year, resulting in stark seasonal variations and adverse weather conditions such as rain and falling snow. In total, the Boreas dataset includes over 350 km of driving data featuring a 128-channel Velodyne Alpha-Prime lidar, a 360° Navtech CIR304-H scanning radar, a 5MP FLIR Blackfly S camera, and centimetre-accurate post-processed ground truth poses. Our dataset will support live leaderboards for odometry, metric localization, and 3D object detection. The dataset and development kit are available at boreas.utias.utoronto.ca.
Ben Crewe on the Bench? Bringing the Dimensional Pains of Punishment into the Courtroom
Authors: Hayes David
Published: March 2023

Penal subjectivists argue that the severity of punishment ought to be measured in terms of penal subjects’ actual experiences, rather than that intended by sentencing authorities. One challenge that subjectivists must confront, however, is that it is difficult to meaningfully compare the subjective experiences of different individuals, in a way that is sufficiently equitable and consistent to satisfy the requirements of just sentencing. This paper considers the prospects and pitfalls of Ben Crewe’s dimensional approach to the pains of imprisonment as a means of overcoming this challenge during sentencing. Crewe’s ground-breaking work takes the “deprivations and frustrations” of everyday prison life associated with Gresham Sykes, and subjects them to four spatial metaphors that help to trace differences between penal experiences: depth; weight; tightness; and breadth. The applicability of this approach to sentencing decision-making is considered, and implications are drawn for sentencing research agendas.
Concrete Overlay Strategies for Improving Pavement Resilience
Authors: King Daniel , Taylor Peter
Published: March 2023

Increases in flooding events and rising groundwater levels caused by climate change threaten to weaken pavement foundations, which can have a major impact on flexible pavement service life. Rigid pavements are not as sensitive to the strength of underlying layers, so one potential method to improve the resilience of existing asphalt pavements is to construct concrete overlays. In this analysis, typical asphalt pavement sections on collector and arterial streets under Iowa climatic and soil conditions are identified and evaluated under a variety of theoretical flooding scenarios to determine the impact of inundation on service life. Three types of concrete overlay designs are developed for these typical asphalt pavement sections under the same conditions. A life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is performed to compare the costs and performance of the concrete overlay strategies to a conventional flexible pavement rehabilitation strategy under the theoretical flooding scenarios. The results of the LCCA indicate that a variety of concrete overlay designs can provide more cost-effective performance when pavement foundation layers become inundated, depending on the roadway functional class and frequency of flooding. These findings indicate that concrete overlays can be a useful method for improving resilience of existing flexible pavements and mitigating the costs of flood damage.
Involvement of Human and Organizational Factors in Railway Accidents: Application of the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System and Bayesian Network
Authors: Bhuiyan Md. Rifat Hossain , Ibtihal Shah Aymaan , Nokshi Kashfia Nahrin
Published: March 2023

The occurrence of railway accidents is not always the result of error/violation on the operator’s end; rather, there are many organizational factors involved. This research investigated 97 railway accident reports from the West Zone of Bangladesh Railway between 2015 and 2019 to categorize factors within the institution that contribute to accidents. The accidents were divided into four categories (collision, derailment, locomotive failure, and signal passed at danger [SPAD]) and were applied to the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) framework. The HFACS framework systematically identifies direct and hidden factors that lead to an accident. A total of 225 human and organizational factors were found involved in 97 accidents, of which 106 (47.11%) were organizational-level factors and 119 (52.89%) were front-line/operation-level factors. To understand the association between factors, a Bayesian network was created following the naive Bayes algorithm, keeping “accident type” as the class variable. Analysis revealed that “Collisions” occur because of organizational factors such as the structure of command, planned inappropriate operations, and operation-level factors such as perceptual errors, and personal unreadiness. “Derailment” was influenced by organizational reasons, such as equipment issues, company safety culture, and inadequate supervision, whereas operation-level factors were crew and resource management and skill-based error. “Locomotive failure” was found to be associated with only organizational factors, such as equipment issues and inadequate supervision, and SPAD mostly occurred because of exceptional violations at the operational level. The identified issues, if addressed properly, can help ensure a safer railway industry.