bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
T2-weighted Imaging Features of the Fetal Thymus in the Middle and Late
Pregnancy: A Post-mortem Study based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Yuan Leilei , Lv Baohua , Wang Han , Wang Zhaohua , Shang Hua , Li Xiujuan , Liang Lisha , Lin Xiangtao
Published: March 2024

Background:

Fat-suppressed (FS) T2-weighed turbo spin-echo (TSE) sequence was used to detect the signal of the thymus and the characteristics of the thymus
location, measure the two-dimensional diameter at specific levels, and analyze the association with gestational weeks.

Methods:

This study involved 51 fetal specimens. Post-mortem MRI scanning was implemented with a 3.0-T MRI system. T2-weighted imaging (T2WI)
features of the thymus in fetuses were quantitatively investigated with DICOM images. Statistical analysis was done with the Chi-Square test, oneway
ANOVA, and Student’s t-test.

Results:

There was heterogeneity in the morphology of the fetal thymus. FS T2-weighted TSE sequence clearly exhibited the microstructure of the fetal
thymus. The thymus extensively showed a lobulated appearance. The central signal is much higher than the peripheral signal in each lobule. In
addition, FS-T2WI images can clearly show the interlobular septum, which is filled with fluid and presents a linear high signal. The signal intensity
of fetal thymus increased with gestational weeks. The diameter measured in a particular plane was highly correlated with gestational week.

Conclusion:

FS T2-weighted TSE sequence provides high-resolution images of the fetal thymus. The change in signal intensity, location, and two-dimensional
diameter in a specific plane can be used as a research direction for the fetal thymus.
CT Quantification of Interstitial Lung Abnormalities and Changes of Agerelated
Pathomorphology
Authors: Li Xin , Gao Zhimei , Zhu Zhenlong , Yang Yonghui , Liu Hao , Li Yan , Jiao Qi , You Dianping , Li Shujing
Published: March 2024

Background:

Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) are associated with further disease progression, increased mortality risk, and decline in lung function in the
elderly, which deserves enough attention.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to quantify the extent of interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) in a non-smoking asymptomatic urban cohort in China
using low-dose CT (LDCT) and to analyze the age-related pathological changes.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed clinical data and chest LDCT images from a cohort of 733 subjects who were categorized into 3 groups: 18–39, 40-59,
and ≥60 years old according to age. Furthermore, we selected 40 cases of wax-embedded lung tissue blocks archived after pulmonary bullectomy
and the same age groups were categorized. Four representative CT signs of ILA, including interlobular septal thickening (ILST), intralobular
interstitial thickening (ILIT), ground-glass opacity (GGO), and reticular shadow (RS), were semi-quantified based on the percentage of the affected
area. The scores and distribution of four CT signs of ILA were compared between different sex and age groups. The age-related pathological
changes were analyzed.

Results:

The ILA findings were found predominantly in the lower lobes and the subpleural region. The semi-quantitative scores of four CT signs in all
subjects under 40 were 0. However, in subjects over 40 years old, the scores gradually increased with age, although most of them remained low.
The size of the alveoli increased, the number of alveoli decreased, the alveolar septum became thinner, and the number of ATII cells increased with
age. A statistically significant difference was observed among the different age groups (χ2=50.624, P=0.033; χ2=80.000, P=0.043; χ2=33.833,
P=0.000; χ2=13.525, P=0.031). The macrophage population and the percentage of collagen fibers in the alveolar septum increased, while the
percentage of elastic fibers decreased with age. There was no significant difference among the different age groups (χ2=19.817, P=0.506;
χ2=52.419, P=0. 682; χ2=54.868, P=0.518).

Conclusion:

When the four CT signs mentioned above are in the upper central area, and the score has a medium or high score, it is crucial to determine the
underlying pathological causes. ILA may be the result of chronic lung injury.
Innovative Design and Experimental Research of the Patient Transfer
Apparatus for MRI Room
Authors: Sang Lingfeng , Liu Shichuang , Wang Hongbo , Wang Zhengcai , Tian Yu , Vladareanu Luige
Published: March 2024

Background:

Patient Transfer Apparatus (PTA), which has been reported by various
relevant papers and patents, is widely used in the hospital. However, there are few corresponding
transfer apparatuses for research and development in the nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) room because of the influence of a high magnetic field environment. It is desired to require
the apparatus for the patient and the medical staff to have weak magnetism, high matching, and
easy operation, etc.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to find out the working principle of PTA, to conduct parameter
optimization and design and develop more effective PTA for the application of the MRI room.

Methods:

Firstly, based on the patient transfer process, a novel transfer model with the coordinated
movement of the transfer belt and the moving panel is proposed, the corresponding clutch mechanism
is conceived and the working principle of the whole mechanism movement is designed and
analyzed in detail. Secondly, the force analysis of the clutch mechanism, lifting mechanism and patient
transfer mechanism are performed, the mechanical structures are optimized, and the optimal
sizes are obtained. Thirdly, the mechanical structure of the system is designed in detail, and the
prototype is manufactured.

Results:

Finally, the performance evaluation of the system is conducted by means of the fuzzy
evaluation method and clinical study. The results showed that the motion function of the apparatus
is reasonable and it can work normally in the MRI room, the comfort of the PTA is also excellent.
The research results also prove the accuracy of the working principle and the rationality of the
structural design.

Conclusion:

The non-magnetic PTA is suitable for quickly transferring patients who are unable to
move in the MRI room of a hospital by the manual method.
Anthelmintic Herbal Remedies of North Eastern India: An
Ethnopharmacological Exploration
Authors: Bhattacharjee Bedanta , Rynjah Damanbhalang , Newar Arzoo , Chakrabarty Sanheeta , Sahu Ram Kumar
Published: March 2024

Background::

Helminth infections caused by parasitic worms due to poor sanitation
are a major public health problem. As the infections are often asymptomatic but can lead to malnutrition
and growth problems, and also because of resistance to anthelmintics, effective treatments
are crucial. Traditional herbal remedies, which are particularly important in resource-poor
regions, such as northeast India, play an important role in addressing this challenge.

Objective::

The study focuses on anthelmintic herbal remedies and aims to explore and analyze
the indigenous herbal treatments in Northeast India. The review combines a comprehensive review
of literature, field studies, and traditional knowledge and provides insights into plant species,
preparation techniques and research studies that have been reported.

Methods::

The information presented was assessed using a variety of electronic resources, including
ScienceDirect, Wiley, Elsevier, Springer, Google Scholar, and PubMed (National Library
of Medicines).

Results::

The focus of this review is on the phytochemicals present in these herbal remedies from
Northeastern India, which play a pivotal role in their efficacy against parasitic worms. The analysis
explores the mechanisms of action behind these remedies and sheds light on the scientific
basis of traditional therapies. It emphasizes the merging of ancient and modern research and emphasizes
interdisciplinary collaboration and knowledge sharing.

Conclusion::

This review highlights the scope for effective anthelmintic therapies and explores
the synergy between synthetic compounds and natural phytometabolites that offer the potential
for effective interventions. This ethnopharmacological review not only scientifically validates
traditional wisdom but also demonstrates the value of indigenous approaches in the treatment of
modern health issues.
Research on Failure Pressure of API 5L X100 Pipeline with Single Defect
Authors: Wang Zhanhui , Duan Wenlong , Long Mengzhao , Wang Aimin , Li Xiaojun
Published: March 2024

Background:

With the continuous application of API 5L X100 high-strength
grade steel pipeline and the development trend of increasing pipeline diameter and design
pressure in China's long natural gas and petroleum pipeline, API 5L X100 high-strength
grade steel pipeline steel is bound to become the aorta in long-distance pipeline construction
in the future. Studying the failure pressure of API 5L X100 high-strength grade steel
pipeline has high economic and social benefits.

Objective:

Exploring the corrosion mechanism of the two single corroded pipeline models
with outer defect and inner defect.

Methods:

Using ANSYS Workbench 15.0 software to explore the two single corroded
pipeline models with outer defect and inner defect and the influence of geometric parameters
such as defect depth, defect length, defect width, etc., on the maximum equivalent
stress and failure pressure investigated. Based on the finite element analysis database, the
failure pressures of two single corroded pipeline models were fitted using Matlab software
and the fitting formulas.

Results:

In the corrosion defect area of the pipeline, stress concentration occurs; Far away
from the corrosion defect area, the stress distribution is uniform. For the pipeline model
with outer defect and inner defect, as the defect depth and length increases, failure pressure
shows a decreasing trend and is almost unaffected by defect width; As the ratio of diameter
to thickness increases, failure pressure shows a decreasing trend; By fitting failure pressure
formula of the pipeline models with outer defect and inner defect, a multivariate fitting
function formula of failure pressure is obtained, with high fitting exactitude.

Conclusion:

The conclusion obtained have certain guiding values for the normal and stable
operation of natural gas and petroleum transportation pipelines.
Selective Extraction of Lithium from Spent-NMC Battery Cathodes
Using Sodium Hydroxide as a Leaching Agent at Elevated
Temperatures
Authors: Zulkipli Rohiman Ahmad , Perdana Indra , Aprilianto Doni Riski , Rahmawati Tri , Rochmadi
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

The demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is rapidly increasing
due to the growth of the electronics and electric vehicle industries. Even though the batteries
are rechargeable, their storage capacity decreases, and they eventually end up being
wasted. Recycling the spent LIBs is necessary to reduce the environmental impact and utilize
the precious metals contained in the waste

Methods:

The present work focuses on the selective recovery of lithium from the cathodes
of spent NMC batteries through the hydrometallurgical process using a sodium hydroxide
solution. The leaching process was carried out in 2 M and 4 M NaOH concentrations for
120 minutes at high pressure and at temperatures of 398.15 K, 423.15 K, 448.15 K, and
473.15 K. Experimental results showed that 56.53% of lithium could be recovered with
nearly 100% selectivity under the optimum leaching conditions of 473.15 K and 4 M
NaOH. The release of lithium ions was due to a combination of sodium adsorption, ion
exchange, and impregnation mechanisms.

Result:

Calculation results showed that the activation energy of the lithium leaching process
was 2.1990×104 J/mol, the reaction was endothermic with enthalpy and entropy at
standard conditions (298.15 K) of 4.8936×105 J/mol and 1.4421×103 J/mol/K, respectively.

Conclusion:

The present work also suggested that total lithium recovery can be increased
through a series of leaching processes.
Enhancing COVID-19 Detection Accuracy: Optimal Gene Combinations, Kit Performance, and Reliable Detection Intervals
Authors: Tahir Dara A. , Arif Sehand
Published: March 2024

A significant challenge and threat to public health have been created by the COVID-19 pandemic for the entire global population. The study aimed to compare the SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection capabilities of available primers and probes to identify the most reliable, efficient, and affordable method. From 200 previously detected samples of SARS CoV-2, 94 samples were selected randomly and used for the optimization of our primers and probes. We compared our results with two kits that have been approved by the health authority. In addition, we evaluated the detectability of each gene. The study compared the diagnostic performance of different gene combinations for COVID-19 detection using kits A and B and a novel approach combining RdRp, N, and E genes. Results showed that the combined approach exhibited superior discriminatory power, particularly with the inclusion of the E gene, boasting area under the curve (AUC) values of 83.3%, 79.1%, and 93.7% for the respective genes. Kit B, with Orf1ab and N genes, outperformed Kit A (RdRp and S genes), with AUC values of 81.2% and 90.6% versus 80.2% and 75%, respectively. The chart representation highlighted gene detection frequencies across various cycle threshold (Ct) ranges, demonstrating robust identification within the 20.1–30 Ct range across all kits and genes, emphasizing the reliability of detection within specific intervals. Combining RdRp, N, and E genes showed the highest accuracy for COVID-19 diagnosis, particularly with the E gene. Detection was most reliable within the 20.1–30 Ct range across all gene combinations and kits.
Tendencias de investigación en Olpidium sp.
Authors: Morales Castañeda Alexis
Published: March 2024

Para el tema específico de Olpidium virulentus se encontraron 13 registros, equivalente solo al 9,5% del total de registros, en comparación con las publicaciones relacionadas con Olpidium brassicae donde se registraron 66 publicaciones que representan un 48%, seguido de O. bornovarus que concentra el 28% con 38 publicaciones. Lo anterior evidencia que la investigación en la especie O. virulentus no ha sido muy amplia en comparación con las otras especies de este patógeno. Las investigaciones en O. virulentus en los últimos 10 años se han centrado principalmente en la identificación y caracterización de aislamientos (PCR) de esta especie a nivel genético y molecular correlacionado con estudios de diversidad genética. Por otro lado, también se encuentran publicaciones relacionadas con transmisión de virus, especialmente PepMV (Pepino Mosaic Virus) en melón y virus asociados a lechuga big-vein (enfermedad de venas grandes- LBVV).
Estudio de escaneo comercial para la cadena productiva de leguminosas con énfasis en fríjol
Authors: Villamil Sarmiento Edilson Andrés , Flórez Martínez Diego Hernando
Published: March 2024

El frijol, es una especie anual nativa de América y sus numerosas variedades se cultivan en todo el mundo para el consumo, tanto de sus vainas verdes como de sus semillas frescas o secas, es, dentro de las leguminosas de grano, la especie más importante para el consumo humano. Se cultiva prácticamente en todo el mundo, en 129 países de los cinco continentes, acorde con la FAO, América Latina es la zona de mayor producción y consumo, se estima que más del 45% de la producción mundial proviene de esta región, donde es considerado como uno de los productos básicos de la economía campesina, gastronomía nacional y canasta familiar
Suplementación a mínimo costo con baja concentración de proteína para vacas lecheras del trópico alto colombiano
Authors: Avellaneda Yesid , Mancipe Edgar , Vargas J
Published: March 2024

La ganadería del trópico alto colombiano produce el 45 % del volumen nacional de leche con el 6.4 % del hato nacional, lo que le confiere un alto nivel de importancia en el ámbito agropecuario. Por otro lado, los sistemas de producción corresponden a modelos pastoriles que usan forrajes con altas concentraciones de proteína cruda, sin embargo, se usan altas cantidades de suplementos alimenticios que no están balanceados (PC mayor que18 %), lo cual eleva los costos de producción de leche (41 % corresponde a suplementación), disminuye la eficiencia productiva del animal y aumenta la excreción de nitrógeno al ambiente
Development of a Multiplatform Tool for the Prevention of Prevalent Mental Health Pathologies in Adults: Protocol for a Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Ramos Nadia , Besoain Felipe , Cancino Natalia , Gallardo Ismael , Albornoz Paula , Fresno Andres , Spencer Rosario , Schott Soledad , Núñez Daniel , Salgado Carolina , Campos Susana
Published: March 2024

Background

The prevalence of depression and anxiety has increased in recent years, with many individuals having trouble accessing mental health support. Smartphones have become an integral part of modern life, with apps offering new ways to deliver evidence-based self-help strategies to cope with common mental health symptoms. However, most of them do not have empirical evidence of their overall effectiveness or the effectiveness of their components, which could pose a risk for users.

Objective

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the modules of evaluation, psychoeducation, and emotional regulation strategies in a multiplatform self-help mental health mobile app in the Maule region of Chile.

Methods

A sample of 196 adults will be selected, who will be randomly assigned to different components of the app for a fixed period to assess its ability to reduce symptomatology.

Results

The trial is not yet recruiting and is expected to end in October 2024. The first results are expected in April 2024.

Conclusions

This is the first study in Chile to develop and test the effectiveness of a mobile app to manage anxiety and depression symptoms in adults. The intervention proposed is based on evidence suggesting that the internet or remote intervention tools and self-management of prevalent symptomatology could be the future of mental health care systems in the digital era. If the effects of the intervention are positive, wide implementation in Chile and other Spanish-speaking countries could be possible in the future.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/52324
Testing Two Online Symptom Checkers With Vulnerable Groups: Usability Study to Improve Cognitive Accessibility of eHealth Services (Preprint)
Authors: Savolainen Kaisa , Kujala Sari
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

The popularity of eHealth services has surged significantly, underscoring the importance of ensuring their usability and accessibility for users with diverse needs, characteristics, and capabilities. These services can pose cognitive demands, especially for individuals who are unwell, fatigued, or experiencing distress. Additionally, numerous potentially vulnerable groups, including older adults, are susceptible to digital exclusion and may encounter cognitive limitations related to perception, attention, memory, and language comprehension. Regrettably, many studies overlook the preferences and needs of user groups likely to encounter challenges associated with these cognitive aspects.

OBJECTIVE

This study primarily aims to gain a deeper understanding of cognitive accessibility in the practical context of eHealth services. Additionally, we aimed to identify the specific challenges that vulnerable groups encounter when using eHealth services and determine key considerations for testing these services with such groups.

METHODS

As a case study of eHealth services, we conducted qualitative usability testing on 2 online symptom checkers used in Finnish public primary care. A total of 13 participants from 3 distinct groups participated in the study: older adults, individuals with mild intellectual disabilities, and nonnative Finnish speakers. The primary research methods used were the thinking-aloud method, questionnaires, and semistructured interviews.

RESULTS

We found that potentially vulnerable groups encountered numerous issues with the tested services, with similar problems observed across all 3 groups. Specifically, clarity and the use of terminology posed significant challenges. The services overwhelmed users with excessive information and choices, while the terminology consisted of numerous complex medical terms that were difficult to understand. When conducting tests with vulnerable groups, it is crucial to carefully plan the sessions to avoid being overly lengthy, as these users often require more time to complete tasks. Additionally, testing with vulnerable groups proved to be quite efficient, with results likely to benefit a wider audience as well.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the findings of this study, it is evident that older adults, individuals with mild intellectual disability, and nonnative speakers may encounter cognitive challenges when using eHealth services, which can impede or slow down their use and make the services more difficult to navigate. In the worst-case scenario, these challenges may lead to errors in using the services. We recommend expanding the scope of testing to include a broader range of eHealth services with vulnerable groups, incorporating users with diverse characteristics and capabilities who are likely to encounter difficulties in cognitive accessibility.
Concordance between survey and electronic health record data in the COVID-19 Citizen Science study: a retrospective cohort analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Crull Elizabeth , O'Brien Emily C. , Antiperovitch Pavel , Asfaw Kirubel , Beatty Alexis L. , Djibo Djeneba Audrey , Kaul Alan F. , Kornak John , Marcus Gregory M. , Modrow Madelaine Faulkner , Olgin Jeffrey E. , Orozco Jaime , Park Soo , Peyser Noah , Pletcher Mark J. , Carton Thomas W.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Real-world data reported by patients and extracted from electronic health records is increasingly leveraged for research, policy, and clinical decision-making. However, it is not always obvious the extent to which these two data sources agree with each other.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the concordance of variables reported by participants enrolled in an electronic cohort study and data available in their electronic health records.

METHODS

Survey data from COVID-19 Citizen Science, an electronic cohort study, were linked to electronic health record data from 7 health systems, comprising 34,908 participants. Concordance was evaluated for demographics, chronic conditions, and COVID-19 characteristics. Overall agreement, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and κ statistics with 95% CIs were calculated.

RESULTS

Of 34,017 participants with complete information, 62.3% were female, and the median age was 57 (IQR, 42-68). Agreement (κ) was high for sex (κ = 0.99) and Black (κ = 0.94), AAPI (κ = 0.93), and White (κ = 0.87) race and ethnicity but only moderate (κ = 0.54) for smoking status. Compared with chart data, participant report of chronic conditions had lower sensitivity and higher specificity, with widely varying levels of agreement (κ). Compared with participant report of COVID-19, electronic health record data had low sensitivity (32.2%) but higher specificity (95.8%). COVID-19 vaccination was the least concordant event (κ = 0.05) but had moderate sensitivity (49.7%) and high sensitivity (98.2%) compared to participant reports.

CONCLUSIONS

Results suggest that additional work is required to integrate and prioritize participant-reported data in pragmatic research.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT5548803
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN LC-MS/MS METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TENOFOVIR AND EMTRICITABINE
Authors: PRIYADARSHINI INDIRA , DEVI D. AKILA
Published: March 2024

Objective: Therapeutic drug monitoring of tenofovir and emtricitabine, two commonly used antiretroviral drugs, is important to maximize effectiveness while minimizing side effects.
Materials: A Liquid Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to quantify tenofovir and emtricitabine in human plasma samples. The method involves a simple solid phase extraction procedure followed by liquid chromatography separation using a Penta Fluoro Phenyl (PFP) column with a Phenomenex C18 column and a mobile phase of ammonium formate, acetonitrile, and methanol, achieving separation in under 4 min.
Results: The method showed good accuracy, low limits of quantification, adequate recovery, minimal matrix effects, and specificity. Analyte stability under multiple storage conditions was demonstrated.
Conclusion: The validated LC-MS/MS method provides a reliable tool for therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies of anti-Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) regimens. The assay can be applied to large populations, especially in resource-poor settings, to help individualize dosing and improve clinical outcomes while reducing toxicity.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: EXPLORATION OF PROCESS ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES (PAT) AND THEIR MULTIFACETED ADVANTAGES IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
Authors: SEENIVASAN RAAGUL , PACHIYAPPAN JEY KUMAR , VIVEK REDDY MURTHANNAGARI , GANESH GNK
Published: March 2024

FDA initiated the PAT technology framework in the year of 2004 with the guidelines of “A framework of innovative pharmaceutical development, manufacturing and quality assurance. With that, the International Council for Harmonisation has also initiated continuous process verification to overcome the limitations of traditional methods and improve the understanding of the process and quality of the product throughout the product lifecycle. Since the year of implementation, the advancement of analytical and chemometric tools has evolved to deliver consistent quality products by understanding their process and product performance. However, the pharmaceutical industry was lacking in this technicality and implementation of highly regulated specifications. To this respect, we have stated some of the PAT tools, including NIR, Raman and Terahertz spectroscopy, as they will transfer to the futuristic prospects of analyzing the drug product with non-destructive, improved process understanding, real-time monitoring, and enhanced data integrity. This review article emphasizes the importance of PAT technology with different monitoring processes with their historical background and regulatory framework. Special attention was given to strategies, challenges, opportunities, and the compatibility of PAT tools with data fusion. Further, this will give a high-priority disciplinary scientific topic to Pharma 4.0.
FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF FOLIC ACID-TAILORED DAIDZEIN SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES FOR THE IMPROVED CYTOTOXICITY AGAINST COLON CANCER CELLS
Authors: AHMED SYED SUHAIB , BAQI MOHD ABDUL , BABA MOHD ZUBAIR , JAWAHAR NATARAJAN
Published: March 2024

Objective: The study aims to formulate and optimize daidzein-conjugated folic acid solid lipid nanoparticles (DZN-FA SLNs) to improve bioavailability and target site specificity for the treatment of colon cancer, a significant global health concern associated with high morbidity and mortality.
Methods: DZN-FA SLNs were prepared using the microemulsion method. They were prepared and optimized using design expert software. Physicochemical characterization like differential light scattering (DLS), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), In vitro drug release and In vitro cell line studies and accelerated stability studies were carried out in the optimized batch formulation.
Results: The results indicated that particle size for optimized DZN-FA SLNs was in the range of 212 to 620 nm, zeta potential of-20 mV, drug entrapment efficiency of 72%. In vitro drug release for the prepared formulation showed 53% over 48 h.
Conclusion: The optimized DZN-FA SLNs could aid in a better formulation targeting colon cancer cells, thereby reducing systemic effects. The optimized DZN-FA SLNs have demonstrated excellent inhibitory properties on Caco-2 cells, with an IC50 value of 10 µg/ml, offering a promising innovation in cancer treatment by providing targeted and effective therapy for colon cancer while minimizing the impact on normal cells.
SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF ATAZANAVIR BY HYDROTROPIC SOLUBILIZATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: KRISHNAN VIJAYARAGAVAN , DHANDAPANI THAMARAI SELVAN , SEENIVASAN RAAGUL , R. SARVESH , M. P. SUKESHAN , C. A. SARAVANA KUMAR , VENKATESH DHANDAPANI NAGASAMY
Published: March 2024

Objective: The present study aims to increase the solubility and dissolution of atazanavir sulfate (ATZ) by employing a hydrotropic solubilization technique.
Methods: ATZ is a poorly soluble drug classified under the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS)-II, which accounts for its poor oral bioavailability. Different hydrotropic agents, such as urea and sodium benzoate and their combinations at different ratios were prepared. The prepared hydrotropes were systematically investigated for compatibility between the drug and excipients using Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) approaches. Further, in order to understand the conversion from crystalline to amorphous nature, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies were also performed. The formulation of a mixed hydrotropic mixture comprising urea (2.5% w/v) and sodium benzoate (5% w/v) exhibited a 100.35±1.7 % drug release at 0.25 h with higher dissolution efficiency as compared with other batches of individual hydrotrope, mixed hydrotropes as well as pure drug.
Results: FTIR studies revealed that there is no incompatibility between the drug and the selected hydrotropes. DSC studies also confirmed the fact that there is no interaction between the drug and the hydrotropes by the disappearance of an endothermic peak. XRD studies revealed that there was a significant reduction in the intensity of peaks, indicating the conversion of crystalline to the amorphous form. The SEM studies indicated that the drug appears crystalline in the shape of an irregular tiny prismatic needle, indicating its crystallinity. At the same time, the hydrotrope mixtures appeared in agglomerated form with a porous nature, which may be accountable for its increase in solubility. The hydrotropes prepared using urea alone exhibited an increase in solubility of 4.42 folds, and the hydrotrope prepared using sodium benzoate alone exhibited an increase in solubility of 3.178 folds; the combination hydrotropes of urea and sodium benzoate exhibited an increase in solubility of 8.78 folds in water as compared to pure drug. The drug release from the mixed hydrotropes obeys zero-order kinetics with diffusion as the main mechanism.
Conclusion: The present investigation concluded that the combination of hydrotropes enhanced the solubility of the aqueous soluble drug ATZ. However, in vivo studies are essential to establish its potential effect.
DECODING THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF EMPON-EMPON: A BIOINFORMATICS EXPEDITION UNRAVELING MECHANISMS AGAINST COVID-19 AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: HASANAH NUR , SAPUTRI FADLINA CHANY , BUSTAMAM ALHADI , SANGHIRAN LEE VANNAJAN , YANUAR ARRY
Published: March 2024

Objective: This study aims to elucidate the main compounds and mechanisms of action of Empon-empon (EE), a traditional Indonesian herb used for treating COVID-19 and atherosclerosis, utilizing an integrated network pharmacology and molecular docking approach.
Methods: Active compounds in EE were obtained through the KNApSAcK, screening active compounds using parameters: oral bioavailability (OB) ≥ 30% and drug-likeness (DL) ≥ 0.18. Compound-related target genes were collected from GeneCard, ChemBL, and Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP). Disease targets were obtained from the GeneCard database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built using STRING and visualized using Cytoscape. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis using ShinyGO. Molecular docking analysis using Autodock Vina in PyRx.
Results: We identified 18 main compounds in EE. PPI analysis obtained 5 central EE targets involved in treating COVID-19 and atherosclerosis, namely E1A Binding Protein P300 (EP300), Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Family Class A Member 1 (HSP90AA1), SRC Proto-Oncogene (SRC), Estrogen Receptor 1 (ESR1), and RELA Proto-Oncogene (RELA). GO and KEGG analysis illustrated EE's pharmacological effects through pathways in cancer, lipid and atherosclerosis, and PI3K-Akt signaling, including Coronavirus disease. Catechin and quercetin exhibited the strongest binding affinity to EP300; licarin B and delphinidin to HSP90AA1; epicatechin and delphinidin to SRC; galangin and ellagic acid to ESR1; and guaiacin and licarin B to RELA.
Conclusion: This research provides a strong foundation regarding the main compound and mechanism action of EE in treating atherosclerosis and COVID-19, suggesting potential as a novel therapeutic agent.
Del verso a la prosa: dos traducciones de Lord Byron en el siglo XIX mexicano (1841-1845)
Authors: Mora Triay María Fernanda
Published: March 2024

En México, a principios del siglo XIX, se llevó a cabo una importante actividad de traducción de textos pertenecientes al canon de la literatura mundial occidental. En numerosas ocasiones dicha actividad se realizó sin el conocimiento de la lengua original, a través de traducciones españolas o francesas. No obstante, la readaptación al castellano de estos mismos textos, por parte de los mexicanos, supuso la percepción de que algunas de las traducciones importadas desde Europa no atendían adecuadamente las dimensiones estética, semántica o cultural de las obras originales, ni al contexto local. De tal suerte, la re-traducción abría la puerta a la concepción de estos ejercicios como una práctica de empoderamiento político y social. Este artículo explora dos traducciones anónimas de versos de Lord Byron, el poeta romántico inglés mejor conocido en la época, para discutir la relación entre traducción, literatura nacional y prensa periódica en la primera parte del siglo XIX mexicano.
Entre redes comerciales y la neutralidad estética: la Revista Hispano-Americana de Laura Méndez de Cuenca
Authors: Hernández Suárez Diana
Published: March 2024

Este artículo tiene una doble finalidad, por un lado, analizar los rasgos editoriales de los primeros números de la Revista Hispano-Americana (1895-1896) de Laura Méndez de Cuenca, a partir de su configuración material y política; y, por el otro, reflexionar sobre la cultura visual de finales del siglo XIX en una empresa editorial de carácter publicitario en materia política y mercantil, en la que las reflexiones estéticas, artísticas y literarias están abocadas a la construcción de la imagen comercial de una región: México y Centroamérica. Las tecnologías de la mirada utilizadas en esta revista sirven a la vez como autopromoción y como plataformas de domesticación moderna de los comportamientos políticos, de los cuerpos y de la naturaleza, bajo la declarada intención de crear una óptica de valor liberal sobre la “realidad” hispanoamericana, con el fin de atraer inversionistas que desarrollaran y civilizaran por medio de la explotación de los recursos humanos y naturales.
Para una historia de los almanaques del siglo XIX (Río de la Plata, 1819-1900)
Authors: Pastormerlo Sergio
Published: March 2024

Con base en una selección de 80 almanaques y guías publicados en Río de la Plata entre 1819 y 1900, este artículo busca ensayar un estudio histórico de carácter introductorio y general (es decir, relativamente indiferente respecto de las particularidades locales) sobre este singular género de impresos periódicos en el mundo hispanoamericano durante el siglo XIX. Las transformaciones de sus características materiales y contenidos, sus vínculos y divergencias con las guías y otras publicaciones afines, su secularización, la incorporación de la publicidad, la literatura y las ilustraciones durante los años 60 de ese siglo, su último esplendor como libros lujosos, con el desarrollo de una gran industria gráfica a fines de la centuria, son algunas de las principales cuestiones tratadas.
La Biblioteca de Autores Mexicanos de Victoriano Agüeros: entre la labor patriótica y el interés comercial
Authors: Flores Monroy Mariana
Published: March 2024

Este artículo tiene el objetivo de mostrar la Biblioteca de Autores Mexicanos (1896-1910), colección creada por Victoriano Agüeros, como un acabado proyecto editorial en el que pueden rastrearse diversos procesos culturales y literarios de gran importancia: a) La especialización y consolidación de la figura del editor, verificada en el tránsito del siglo XIX al XX; b) El desarrollo de incipientes pero efectivas estrategias de publicación, comercialización y promoción, y c) La formación de un canon literario que agrupó las manifestaciones escritas de la nación en busca de identidad y en cuyo diseño y selección se consideraron no sólo criterios estéticos y literarios, sino también ideológicos, económicos e incluso pragmáticos.
Políticas de información en bibliotecas nacionales: metodologías para un estudio comparativo
Authors: Voutssás Lara Jennifer A.
Published: March 2024

A la par de los avances tecnológicos y la sobreproducción de información, las políticas de información (PI) se convirtieron en un instrumento fundamental que permite dar orden y seguimiento a la información que circula dentro y fuera de las instituciones. Las PI se construyen a partir de los acuerdos jurídicos y administrativos entre sus miembros. En el caso particular de las instituciones públicas, hay una serie de factores externos y estrechamente vinculados con la política y la cultura de su contexto, los cuales influyen en los procesos del flujo de la información como son la gestión, procesamiento, almacenamiento, uso, eliminación, etc. Esta investigación define en principio qué son las PI, sus distinciones y similitudes con términos asociados, algunas metodologías que permiten su análisis y, por último, la aplicación de un estudio de sus valores en bibliotecas nacionales de América Latina y el Caribe, para comparar políticas en estas instituciones.
Revolutionizing Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis through Machine Learning Technology
Authors: Kumar S. Suresh , Bhargavi Yannam
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Pancreatic cancer presents significant challenges in terms of early detection and treatment, resulting in poor patient outcomes. This research article explores the application of random forest, a powerful machine learning algorithm, to enhance predictive modeling in pancreatic cancer research. Leveraging a dataset comprising clinical and molecular features, we trained and evaluated random forest models to predict key outcomes such as tumor progression, treatment response, and overall survival. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of random forest in accurately stratifying patients based on their prognosis and treatment outcomes. Furthermore, we identified key biomarkers and clinical variables contributing to predictive accuracy, providing valuable insights into the underlying biological mechanisms of pancreatic cancer progression. The integration of random forest into pancreatic cancer research holds promise for improving patient stratification, guiding treatment decisions, and ultimately, advancing personalized medicine approaches in the management of this challenging disease
IMKĀNIYĀT AL-IJTIHĀD AL-ISTIṢLĀHĪ WA ISHĀMĀTUHU LI HALL AL-QADHĀYĀ AL-FIQHIYYAH AL-MU’ĀṢARAH: DIRĀSAT FĪ FATĀWĀ JĀ’IHAH COVID FĪ INDONESIA
Authors: Sa’dan Saifuddin , Mubarrak Husni , Hamdiah Hamdiah , Kjoor Amir Muhammed Kafei
Published: March 2024

This article would like to discuss one of the theories of ijtihād that is well-recognized in the science of ushūl fiqh, namely the theory of ijtihād istiṣlāhiy, in terms of its concept and its application to solve contemporary Islamic law by making the fatwas of the Covid-19 in Indonesia as the object of study. Even though a fatwa is a legal notification which is legal and unbinding, fatwa is certainly not produced from a vacuum, but has gone through a process of understanding the details of the proposed Islamic law issue and studying it using the appropriate ijtihād method, one of which is ijtihād istiṣlāhiy. This article presents the results of a qualitative research using a bibliographical study as the method. This article attempts to present an academic discussion regarding the flexibility of ijtihād istiṣlāhiy, its limits as well as its dhawābith in answering contemporary Islamic law issues by examining the side of the establishment of the Covid-19 fatwas law in Indonesia in this recent period. The results of the study show that the fatwas regarding Covid-19 in Indonesia is based on the principle of benefit (maṣlahah) reached through the ijtihād istiṣlāhiy method.
Using Google Trends to forecast migration from Russia: Search query aggregation and accounting for lag structure
Authors:   HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bronitsky Georgy , Vakulenko Elena ,   HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2024

This paper proposes an approach for predicting migration statistics using Google Trends Index (GTI) search query data. We improved the existing methodology in two directions: firstly, we proposed an approach of aggregating key search queries based on various statistical criteria; secondly, we showed the importance of including in the migration model the time lag structure of search queries, depending on migration goals and the associated GTIs. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed approaches on monthly data from the German statistical office on migration volume from Russia to Germany from January 2011 to August 2022. The results show that distributed lag migration models with GTI are better predict migration than SARIMA models. Average lag estimates, i.e. the reaction time of migration statistics to search queries on the topics “embassy”, “work” and “study”, were 5.6, 6.5 and 8 months, respectively. We demonstrate that for forecasting migration from Russia to Germany, it is sufficient to consider only search queries related to the topic “embassy”.
CHORIDAL AND RETINAL CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH ALLERGIC RHINOCONJUNCTIVITIS
Authors: Akcal Omer , Suleymanzade Matin , Isık Burcu , Ersoz Mehmet Giray
Published: March 2024

Background: Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) is an allergic
upper respiratory tract disease characterized by sneezing, runny nose,
nasal congestion and ocular and nasal itching due to inflammation of the
nasal and conjunctival mucosa. There are no studies evaluating both the
choroidal and retinal areas in ARC patients. Our objective was to
evaluate patients with ARC at the time of diagnosis and before
initiating treatment using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).
Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 30
patients with ARC who presented to the Pediatric Allergy & Immunology
Outpatient Clinic and 30 healthy control individuals. OCT scans were
captured with Cirrus HD OCT-5000 (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany) in the
enhanced depth imaging (EDI) mode. Results: Of the study
population, 66.7% (n=20) of patient group and 56.6% (n=17) of control
group were female. The mean age was 13±2.3 and 13.9±1.8 years in the
patient and control groups, respectively. The temporal subfoveal
choroidal thickness was statistically significantly thinner in ARC
patients with asthma (p=0.032). A robust negative correlation was found
between minimum ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness
and allergic eosinophil count (AEC) in patients with ARC (r: -0.551,
p<0.0001). Conclusion: In our study, the GCIPL
thickness was lower in ARC patients. Similarly, although it did not
reach statistical significance, the minimum GCIPL thickness was lower in
our patient group with asthma compared to those without asthma. Our
results suggest that multiple allergen sensitization and elevated
eosinophils may influence GCIP thickness. However, both choroidal and
retinal tissue might be impacted during chronic follow-up. Further
studies are needed to support these findings. Keymessage:
Multiple allergen sensitization and elevated eosinophil levels
contribute to GCIPL thickness in ARC patients.
“CLEAR ADVANTAGE” FROM TARGETING INFLAMMATION RISK OVER LDL RISK
Authors: Kaesemeyer Wayne
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT Statins and bempedoic acid (BA) additively and independently
lower CRP. Recent secondary analyses of the CLEAR trials found CRP
lowering more effective than LDL lowering at reducing MACE (major
adverse cardiovascular events) thereby suggesting an advantage from
targeting CRP over LDL. Statins lower CRP by via targeting eNOS, whereas
BA lowers CRP via targeting ATP citrate lyase. The rationale for
combining atorvastatin 80 with BA 180 is to simultaneously target two
independent mechanisms for lowering CRP in patients with high risk of
MACE from vascular inflammation.
The causal role of immune cells in coronary heart disease: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Pan Yushuo , Qin Yibing , Qu Nini
Published: March 2024

Objective: Use Mendelian randomization (MR) method to evaluate the
causal relationship between immune cells and asthma. Methods: Based on
the summary statistical data obtained from immune cell GWAS (gene wide
association studies) research, genetic variation points were screened as
instrumental variables (IVS). Inverse variance weighted (IVW), Weighted
median, MR-Egger regression, Simple mode and Weighted mode were used for
two sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Sensitivity analysis
was used to test the heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy and stability
of the results. Results: IVW results showed that B cell AC, CD8dim NKT
%lymphocyte, CD20 on sw mem, CD28- CD8br AC, CD28 on CD39+ CD4+, CD34
on HSC, CD38 on naive-mature B cell, HLA DR+ T cell AC, IgD- CD24-
%lymphocyte, IgD+ CD38dim %B cell may be the risk factors of CHD,
BAFF-R on CD20- , CD28- CD25++ CD8br %CD8br, CD28- DN (CD4-CD8-) AC, CM
DN (CD4-CD8-) %DN may be a protective factor for CHD. Conclusion: This
study explored the causal relationship between immune cells and CHD, and
screened out immune cells related to CHD. These immune cells may become
new biomarkers or therapeutic targets, provide new treatment ideas for
the prevention and treatment of CHD, and promote the understanding of
CHD.
Global estimates of particulate organic carbon from the surface ocean to the base of the mesopelagic
Authors: Fox James E , Behrenfeld Michael , Halsey Kimberly H , Graff Jason
Published: March 2024

The gravitational settling of organic particles from the surface to the
deep ocean is an important export pathway and one of the largest
components of the marine biological carbon pump (BCP). The strength and
efficiency of the gravitational pump is often measured using metrics
reliant on reference depths and empirical formulations that parameterize
the relationship between depth and flux or concentration. Here, BGC-Argo
profiles were used to identify the isolume where POC concentration
starts to decline, revealing attenuation trends below this isolume that
are remarkably consistent across the global ocean. We developed a
semi-mechanistic approach that uses observations from the first optical
depth to predict POC concentration from the surface ocean to the base of
the mesopelagic (1000 m), allowing assessments of spatial and temporal
variability in BCP efficiencies. We find that rates of POC attenuation
are high in areas of high biomass and low in areas of low biomass,
supporting the view that bloom events sometimes result in a relatively
weak deep biological pump characterized by low transfer efficiency to
the base of the mesopelagic. Our isolume-based attenuation model was
applied to satellite data to yield the first remote sensing-based
estimate of integrated global POC stock of 3.02 Pg C for the upper 1000
m, with 1.27 Pg C of this global carbon stock located above the
reference isolume where POC begins to attenuate.