bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yacht Digital Design: Technologies toward a Computational Morphology System
Authors: Bionda Arianna , Ratti Andrea
Published: March 2022

The huge transformation fostered by the current industrial revolution is changing each side of our society. In the design field, the use of digital and connected technologies improves not only the representation but also the formal references and the creative process itself. The research investigates the role of the digitally enabled technologies in modifying the disciplinary approaches to yacht design, a particular field of industrial design in which engineering and design approaches are mixed and overlapped. Through case studies and forecasting workshops, the research proposes a journey toward a more digitally conscious and virtually collaborative environment, highlighting as the traditional process of the yacht design discipline is no more valid. The research results, presented in the form of three roadmaps, show as 4.0 digital technologies are deeply transforming not only the representation of a design project but also its formal references and tools. For this reason, the three possible shifts in the yacht design practices are highlighted—input data are moving from analogic to digital reframing the focus from the measuring to inferring, the use of parametric and generative tools is shifting the “digital doing” from drafting to logic, digital twins are modifying the approach to communication media toward more collaborative strategies.
Digital Transformation: The Age of Innovations in Business and Society
Authors: Kovshova Iryna
Published: March 2022

This chapter considers main factors of digital transformation in business and society. The latest studies of digital ad spend in Europe and a number of marketing technology solutions all over the world within the period 2011–2020 have confirmed a rapid development of digital technologies in business and society. It was justified that due to digitalization process companies have to revise their priorities and modify their main strategic goals for simultaneous achievement of commercial efficiency and a social effect. These goals need some adjustment to specific requirements and wishes of main process participants that form five levels of approval. Proposed marketing management model in digital transformation of business and society contains basic components, which lie in the digital contour. Responses of millennials (the people born at the turn of the century) on the use of digital technologies in different spheres of life are analyzed. The pilot research allowed to distinguish three groups of millennials depending on how actively they use digital technologies in different spheres of life. Main directions of innovative marketing management development are defined. The opportunities of implementing functionality of artificial intelligence, neuromarketing, augmented and virtual reality, marketing technologies MarTech in company business-processes are studied.
Emergency Remote Education Amid COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: de Jesús Araiza-Vasquez María , García-Leal Mariel
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 health emergency has created an unprecedented crisis in many areas. In education, it caused the suspension of face-to-face classes at all educational levels to prevent the spread of the virus and mitigate its impact. In extraordinary circumstances, such as those faced since 2020, the governments and the corresponding educational authorities found it necessary to apply strategies that would allow continuity to the learning processes remotely, causing a series of changes. The teacher, for example, required a transformation in his/her role as part of the social isolation demanded by the pandemic, for which it should be noted, he/she was not prepared; compelling him/her to act mainly as a mediator in the teaching-learning processes, and rely on the use of technology as an educational resource. Therefore, given the particularities of the current context and the conditions required for students to adapt themselves to the challenges to come, the education needs to be structured according to the four pillars raised by Jaques Delors at the end of the last century; but from a different approach; which will be addressed through the next chapter.
Role of Zinc and Zinc Ionophores in Brain Health and Depression Especially during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ahmed Amr , Ghit Amr , Houjak Asmaa , Elkazzaz Mahmoud
Published: March 2022

Zinc is a trace metal ion that has a role in both physiological and pathological processes, making it one of the most common and necessary components involved in brain function. Besides, zinc is required for cell proliferation control in a variety of mechanisms, including hormonal regulation of cell division. Also, zinc serves as a biochemical signal to immune cells and transcription factors involved in the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, zinc has a variety of crucial roles in neurogenesis and also acts as a neuromodulator on a wide range of membrane receptors, ion channels, and transporters. Zinc is produced by neurons under several conditions to activate microglia. The link between zinc dysregulation and psychiatric disorder was that zinc acts as an inhibitory modulator at the N-methyl-D aspartic acid (NMDA) glutamate receptor. Ionophores are ion carrier molecules that reversibly bind and transport ions through biological membranes. Ionophores can be natural or synthetic products. Zinc ionophores such as quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), hinokitol, and proanthocyanidins have been shown to protect brain health, particularly in depression clinically significant depression and depressive symptoms in post-COVID-19 syndrome may have severe implications as it relates to life outcomes quality, herein according to previous research studies, we showed zinc deficiency as a possible risk factor for depression symptoms, which were commonly observed following severe infection of COVID-19.
Titanium Dioxide Thin Films for Environmental Applications
Authors: Selmi Wafa , Hosni Nabil , Ben Naceur Jamila , Maghraoui-Meherzi Hager , Chtourou Radhouane
Published: March 2022

The environmental pollution and the rapid depletion of fossil fuel caused by the rapid increase in industrial production became serious problems for humans. These issues have inspired many researchers to found eco-friendly materials, which can degrade pollutants and produce green energy. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films are one of the important and promising semiconductor materials for environmental and energy applications because of their unique optical and electronic properties. In this chapter, an overview of the background of TiO2 structure and the different methods of synthesis TiO2 thin films were carried out. The photocatalytic water treatment and the water split for H2 production by TiO2 thin films were investigated. The strong influence on photocatalytic and water split efficiency of TiO2 thin films by crystal structure, surface area, crystalline structure, average particle size and porosity were summarized.
Comorbid Patterns in the Homeless Population: A Theoretical Model to Enhance Patient Care
Authors: Hans Kanwalgeet , Mike Luke , Heidel Robert , Benavides Paula , Arnce Robert , Talley Jan
Published: March 2022

Introduction: From the perspective of social determinants, homelessness perpetuates poor health and creates barriers to effective chronic disease management, necessitating frequent use of emergency department (ED) services. In this study we developed a screening algorithm (checklist) from common comorbidities observed in the homeless population in the United States. The result was a theoretical screening tool (checklist) to aid healthcare workers in the ED, including residents, medical students, and other trainees, to provide more efficacious treatment and referrals for discharge.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study we used the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) to investigate comorbidities and ED utilization patterns relating to 23 injury-related, psychiatric, and frequent chronic medical conditions in the US adult (≥18 years of age) homeless population. Cases were identified from the NEDS database for 2014–2017 using International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10 revisions, and Clinical Classification Software diagnosis codes. We performed a two-step cluster analysis including pathologies with ≥10% prevalence in the sample to identify shared comorbidities. We then compared the clusters by sociodemographic and ED-related characteristics, including age, gender, primary payer, and patient disposition from the ED. Chi-square analysis was used to evaluate categorical variables (ie, gender, primary payer, patient disposition from the ED), and analysis of variance for continuous variables (age).

Results: The study included 1,715,777 weighted cases. The two-step cluster analysis identified nine groups denominated by most prevalent disease: 1) healthy; 2) mixed psychiatric; 3) major depressive disorder (MDD); 4) psychosis; 5) addiction; 6) essential hypertension; 7) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); 8) infectious disease; and (9) injury. The MDD, COPD, infectious disease, and Injury clusters demonstrated the highest prevalence of co-occurring disease, with the MDD cluster displaying the highest proportion of comorbidities. Although the addiction cluster existed independently, substance use was pervasive in all except the healthy cluster (prevalence 36-100%). We used the extracted screening algorithm to establish a screening tool (checklist) for ED healthcare workers, with physicians as the first point of contact for the initial use of the screening tool.

Conclusion: Healthcare workers in the ED, including residents, medical students, and other trainees, provide services for homeless ED users. Screening tools (checklists) can help coordinate care to improve treatment, referrals, and follow-up care to reduce hospital readmissions. The screening tool may expedite targeted interventions for homeless patients with commonly occurring patterns of disease.
Novel Technique for Open Surgical Tracheostomy in Small Children
Authors: Simpson Nicholas , Spaur Kelsey , Strobel Ashley , Kirschner Evan , Driver Brian , Reardon Robert
Published: March 2022

N/A
Dispatcher Self-assessment and Attitude Toward Video Assistance as a New Tool in Simulated Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Ecker Hannes , Wingen Sabine , Hagemeier Anna , Plata Christopher , Bottiger Bernd , Wetsch Wolfgang
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Video-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (V-CPR) describes an advanced telephone-assisted CPR (T-CPR), in which emergency medical service (EMS) dispatchers view a live video steam of the resuscitation. Dispatchers ’ general attitudes toward and self-assessment in V-CPR have not been previously investigated.

Material and Methods: We conducted this quantitative analysis along with a pilot study on V-CPR. After conducting V-CPR with laypersons in a simulation, EMS dispatchers were given questionnaires with 21 items concerning their personal attitude toward V-CPR and their self-assessment in providing instructions. The actual CPR performance achieved was recorded and compared to the dispatchers’ self-assessments.

Results: Dispatchers completed 49 questionnaires, and the data is presented descriptively. Over 80% strongly agreed that V-CPR was helpful in guiding and that their feedback improved CPR quality. Fifty-one percent agreed that video images supported them in making a diagnosis, while 44.9% disagreed. A vast majority (80-90% each) strongly agreed that V-CPR helped them recognize CPR issues such as compression point, compression rate, and deterioration. In contrast, data for improved compression depth and release were weaker. Thirty percent found V-CPR to be more stressful or exhausting than T-CPR. A majority stated they would prefer V-CPR as an addition to T-CPR in the future. There was a huge gap between dispatchers’ own view of CPR effort and measured CPR quality.

Conclusion: Dispatchers generally embrace V-CPR and praise the abilities it provides. Our results indicate that the use of V-CPR did not automatically result in an overall improvement in guideline-compliant CPR quality.
Early Rooming Triage: Accuracy and Demographic Factors Associated with Clinical Acuity
Authors: Zhang David , Shy Bradley , Genes Nicholas
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Early rooming triage increases patient throughput and satisfaction by rapidly assigning patients to a definitive care area, without using vital signs or detailed chart review. Despite these operational benefits, the clinical accuracy of early rooming triage is not well known. We sought to measure the accuracy of early rooming triage and uncover additional patient characteristics that can assist triage.

Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective population study of walk-in emergency department (ED) patients presenting to the ED via an early rooming triage system, examining triage accuracy and demographic factor correlation with higher acuity ED outcomes.

Results: Among all patients included from the three-year study period (N = 238,457), early rooming triage was highly sensitive (0.89) and less specific (0.61) for predicting which patients would have a severe outcome in the ED. Patients triaged to the lowest acuity area of the ED experienced severe outcomes in 4.39% of cases, while patients triaged to the highest acuity area of the ED experienced severe outcomes in 65.9% of cases. An age of greater than 43 years (odds ratio [OR] 3.48, 95% confidence interval: 3.40, 3.57) or patient’s home address farther from the ED ([OR] 2.23 to 3.08) were highly correlated with severe outcomes. Multivariable models incorporating triage team judgment were robust for predicting severe outcomes at triage, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic of 0.82.

Conclusion: Early rooming workflows are appropriately sensitive for ED triage. Consideration of demographic factors, automated or otherwise, can augment ED processes to provide optimal triage.
Training Leaders in Trauma Resuscitation: Teacher and Learner Perspectives on Ideal Methods
Authors: Quon Samantha , Riddell Jeffrey , Bench Kelsey , Roepke Clare , Burner Elizabeth
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Effective leadership improves patient care during medical and trauma resuscitations. While dedicated training programs can improve leadership in trauma resuscitation, we have a limited understanding of the optimal training methods. Our objective was to explore learners’ and teachers’ perceptions of effective methods of leadership training for trauma resuscitation.

Methods: We performed a qualitative exploration of learner and teacher perceptions of leadership training methods using a modified grounded theory approach. We interviewed 28 participants, including attending physicians, residents, fellows, and nurses who regularly participated in trauma team activations. We then analyzed transcripts in an iterative manner to form codes, identify themes, and explore relationships between themes.

Results: Based on interviewees’ perceptions, we identified seven methods used to train leadership in trauma resuscitation: reflection; feedback; hands-on learning; role modeling; simulation; group reflection; and didactic. We also identified three major themes in perceived best practices in training leaders in trauma resuscitation: formal vs informal curriculum; training techniques for novice vs more senior learner; and interprofessional training. Participants felt that informal training methods were the most important part of training, and that a significant part of a training program for leaders in trauma resuscitation should use informal methods. Learners who were earlier in their training preferred more supervision and guidance, while learners who were more advanced in their training preferred a greater degree of autonomy. Finally, participants believed leadership training for trauma resuscitation should be multidisciplinary and interprofessional.

Conclusion: We identified several important themes for training leaders in trauma resuscitation, including using a variety of different training methods, adapting the methods used based on the learner’s level of training, and incorporating opportunities for multidisciplinary and interprofessional training. More research is needed to determine the optimal balance of informal and formal training, how to standardize and increase consistency in informal training, and the optimal way to incorporate multidisciplinary and interprofessional learning into a leadership in trauma resuscitation training program.
Cloud-Based Influenza Surveillance System in Emergency Departments Using Molecular-Based Testing: Advances and Challenges
Authors: Shaw-Saliba Kathryn , Hansoti Bhakti , Burkom Howard , Martinez Diego , DuVal Anna , Lee Brian , Chau Phong , McBride Breanna , Hsieh Yu-Hsiang , Sathananthan Vidiya , Persing David , Turnlund Michael , Shively Roxanne , Dugas Andrea , Rothman Richard
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Electronic influenza surveillance systems aid in health surveillance and clinical decisionmaking within the emergency department (ED). While major advances have been made in integrating clinical decision-making tools within the electronic health record (EHR), tools for sharing surveillance data are often piecemeal, with the need for data downloads and manual uploads to shared servers, delaying time from data acquisition to end-user. Real-time surveillance can help both clinicians and public health professionals recognize circulating influenza earlier in the season and provide ongoing situational awareness.

Methods: We created a prototype, cloud-based, real-time reporting system in two large, academically affiliated EDs that streamed continuous data on a web-based dashboard within hours of specimen collection during the influenza season. Data included influenza test results (positive or negative) coupled with test date, test instrument geolocation, and basic patient demographics. The system provided immediate reporting to frontline clinicians and to local, state, and federal health department partners.

Results: We describe the process, infrastructure requirements, and challenges of developing and implementing the prototype system. Key process-related requirements for system development included merging data from the molecular test (GeneXpert) with the hospitals’ EHRs, securing data, authorizing/ authenticating users, and providing permissions for data access refining visualizations for end-users.

Conclusion: In this case study, we effectively integrated multiple data systems at four distinct hospital EDs, relaying data in near real time to hospital-based staff and local and national public health entities, to provide laboratory-confirmed influenza test results during the 2014-2015 influenza season. Future innovations need to focus on integrating the dashboard within the EHR and clinical decision tools.
Three new species of European Coletinia Wygodzinsky (Zygentoma, Nicoletiidae), with additional records and an updated identification key
Authors: Molero-Baltanás Rafael , Gaju-Ricart Miquel , Fišer Žiga , Bach de Roca Carmen , Mendes Luís F.
Published: March 2022

We describe three new species of the genus Coletinia Wygodzinsky, 1980, the most diverse of the family Nicoletiidae (order Zygentoma = Thysanura s. str.) in Europe: C. dalmatica Molero-Baltanás, Fišer, Bach de Roca & Gaju-Ricart sp. nov. from Croatia, C. dextra Molero-Baltanás, Bach de Roca & Gaju-Ricart sp. nov. from Spain and C. serrata Mendes, Molero-Baltanás, Bach de Roca & Gaju-Ricart sp. nov. from Portugal. Coletinia dalmatica sp. nov. seems to be related with C. maggi (Grassi, 1887) and both Iberian species belong to the asymetrica species group. New material of some previously recognized species (C. diania Molero, Bach & Gaju, 2013, C. intermedia Molero, Bach & Gaju, 2013, C. mendesi Wygodzinsky, 1980, C. redetecta Molero, Bach & Gaju, 2013 and C. tinauti Molero-Baltanás, Gaju-Ricart & Bach de Roca, 1997) is reported, enlarging in most cases their geographic distribution, and including some new data on their intraspecific variability. Finally, an updated identification key to all known species of the genus Coletinia is given.
Measures taken by selected countries for preservation of the financial market
Authors: Jakšić Pavle
Published: March 2022

The global economic crisis occurred in 2008. The causes of the crisis are related to the economy of the United States. The crisis found its foothold within this economy, but it quickly spread its effects to the whole world. The crisis affected primarily the banking sector, given that the policy of low interest rates was in force at the time. The world economic crisis has left visible consequences in the Republic of Serbia. The beginning of the crisis in this area is related to 2008. After a decade of stabilizing the financial system, the whole world is once again facing a crisis of global proportions. The reason for this crisis lies in the epidemic of the coronavirus. The research in the paper established that the National Bank of Serbia also decided to apply unconventional measures, primarily quantitative reliefs and so-called helicopter money dropping program. The results of the measures can be presented through the analysis of the value of the monetary aggregates of selected countries. The fact is that the economic crisis that occurred after the health crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic requires a quick reaction of monetary and fiscal policy, which was indisputably followed by analyzing a group of selected countries.
The influence of human resource management practices on turnover intention: The mediating role of organizational commitment
Authors: Jolović Ivana , Berber Nemanja
Published: March 2022

Managing human capital is growing into one of the most complex tasks that are set before the managers of the modern age. The reason for this lies in the fact that the 21st century workforce consists of several diametrically opposed generations' representatives who are expected to ignore their differences, adopt common values, and while standing "side by side", as a team, assist an organization whose part they are in its quest to climb high on the market ladder and achieve the set goals. The working attitudes and behavior of the currently dominant staff in the labor market - the millennials, are a factor that can establish or shake organizational stability. Prone to sudden retirement, not overly loyal, and to a certain extent uninterested in the future of the organization that provides them with employment, the millennials can pose a "threat" to its sustainability. Previous research indicates that the work on establishing the organizational commitment of this age cohort can be seen as a tool of neutralizing the risk of the aforementioned unwanted behaviors, and an activity to which human resource managers must be fully committed. The aim of the research is to determine the influence of human resource management (HRM) practices on the intention of employed millennials to leave the organization, and to examine the mediating role of organizational commitment in this relationship. The theoretical research was performed by content analysis of available national and foreign scientific-professional literature. The empirical research was conducted using a survey method in the first half of 2021, covering a sample of 99 millennials employed in the Republic of Serbia. Statistical software SmartPLS and SPSS were used to process the collected data. The results of the research indicated that the HRM practices have a negative statistically significant impact on the millennials' turnover intention, and that organizational commitment mediates and strengthens the aforementioned relationship.
A short proof of the non-biplanarity of $K_9$
Authors: Biniaz Ahmad
Published: March 2022

Battle, Harary, and Kodama (1962) and independently Tutte (1963) proved that the complete graph with nine vertices is not biplanar. Aiming towards simplicity and brevity, in this note we provide a short proof of this claim.
Cascading failures on complex networks with weak interdependency groups
Authors: 潘倩倩  , 刘润然  , 贾春晓
Published: March 2022

In real complex systems, the overall function is maintained through the connections among nodes. Failures of some nodes will destroy the connectivity of the system and thus damage the function of the system. In some complex systems, some nodes can form ``interdependency groups" through hidden interdependencies, and the failure of one node will damage the rest of the nodes in the interdependency group. In this paper, we investigate the effects of the interdependency strength of the nodes, the size distribution and the size of the interdependency groups on the cascading dynamics and the robustness of complex networks. Through numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, it is found that the cascading failure of the networks can be divided into two processes at the scale level: ``intra-group cascading" and ``inter-group cascading". In the process of intra-group cascading, the failure of one node will cause damage to the failure of other nodes in the group through the dependence between nodes, thus inducing the failure of more nodes and resulting in greater destructive force. In the process of intra-group cascading, the failure of one node will cause damage to other nodes in the group through the interdependence between nodes, thus inducing the failure of more nodes and resulting in greater destructive power. In the process of inter-group cascading, the failed nodes will cause the fragmentation of the networks, which leads to some nodes outside the interdependency group isolate from the giant component and go to fail. Under the synergistic effects of these two processes, it is found that there are continuous and discontinuous phase transition phenomena in the cascade dynamics of the network. The occurrence of these two kinds of phase transition phenomena is related to the interdependency strength of nodes, the network degree distribution and the size distribution of the interdependence group. This means that by controlling the characteristics of interdependency groups, such as the interdependence strength of the nodes in the interdependency group or the size distribution of interdependency groups, sudden system collapse can be avoided and thus the robustness of the network can be improved.
Herriott multi-pass block material stretcher and grism compressor in chirped-pulse amplification
Authors: Zhang Peng , Teng Hao , Yang Hao , Lü Ren-Chong , Wang Ke-Jian , Zhu Jiang-Feng , Wei Zhi-Yi ,   School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China,   Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Songshan Lake Material Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
Published: March 2022

We report a femtosecond chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) system based on block material stretcher and grism compression. An optical material block is employed in Herriott multi-reflection configuration as a pulse stretcher, and a transmission grating is combined with dispersion prism to form grism as a compressor which can provide the negative second and third-order dispersion. By optimizing the prism vertex angle and grating line density, the grism can completely compensate for the third-order material dispersion. We obtain shorter compressed pulses. In the experiment, the stretched pulses are amplified by regenerative amplifier, which amplifies the 800 nm seed pulse to 2.30 W under the 11.4 W, 527 nm, 1 kHz pumping conditions, and the spectral width of the amplified pulse is 26.7 nm. The amplified pulses are compressed to 39.6 fs, which is close to the Fourier transform limit of 35.2 fs. The design of the system simplifies the structure of the conventional chirped pulse amplification system, reduces the space size of the optical path, and improves the operational stability of the laser system. With the block material stretcher and grism compressor, the whole CPA laser system is very compact and can be used as a reliable light source for subsequent amplification as well as ultrafast phenomenon studies.
Terahertz technology applications in glioma diagnosis: From histological classification to molecular typing
Authors: Mu Ning , Yang Chuan-Yan , Ma Kang , Quan Yu-Lian , Wang Shi , Lai Ying , Li Fei , Wang Yu-Ye , Chen Tu-Nan , Xu De-Gang , Feng Hua ,   Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China,   School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Published: March 2022

Terahertz wave is an electromagnetic wave, whose wavelength is located between microwave wavelength and infrared wavelength. Based on low ionization and fingerprint characteristics, it has great potential applications in biomedical field, especially in the intraoperative localization and qualitative diagnosis of tumors. Glioma is the most urgent tumor for positioning qualitative diagnosis. Owing to its invasiveness and heterogeneity, it is easy to relapse after resection and has a significant influence on the nerve function of adjacent brain regions. Therefore, rapid determination of tumor boundary and pathological characteristics is an important prerequisite for accurate diagnosis, treatment and clinical research of glioma. Here, we summarize the biophysical technology of glioma diagnosis, and expound the new technique of terahertz wave and its research results in diagnosis of glioma. Furthermore, based on the research progress of integrated diagnosis of glioma histopathology and molecular pathology, we propose a hypothesis that different molecular subtypes of tumor tissue may have a consistent 'differential terahertz wave protein composition' of terahertz tumor subtype recognition mechanism. Finally, combining the biological characteristics of brain tissue and the potential of glioma marker detection in body fluids, we discuss the clinical application model and prospects of terahertz technologies in glioma detection.
Advanced Retinex-Net image enhancement method based on value component processing
Authors: Zhang Hang-Ying , Wang Xue-Qi , Wang Hua-Ying , Cao Liang-Cai ,   State Key Laboratory of Precision Testing Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,   School of Mathematical Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
Published: March 2022

When capturing images under low-light lighting conditions, the resulting images often suffer low visibility. Such low-visibility images not only affect the visual effect but also cause many difficulties in practical application. Therefore, image enhancement technology under low-light conditions has always been a challenging problem in image algorithms. Considering that most of the existing image enhancement methods are based on the RGB color space enhancement technology, the correlation among the RGB three primary colors is ignored, which makes the color distortion phenomenon easy to occur when the image is enhanced. To solve the problems of poor image visibility and color deviation under low-light conditions, in this paper an advanced Retinex network enhancement method is proposed. In the method, firstly the low-light RGB image is transformed into HSV color space, the Retinex decomposition network is used to decompose and enhance the value component separately, and thus increasing the resolution of the value component through up-sampling operation; then, for the hue component and saturation component, the nearest neighbor interpolation is used to increase their resolutions, and the enhanced value component is combined to convert back to RGB color space to obtain the initial enhanced image; finally, the wavelet transform image fusion technology is used to fuse with the original low-light image to eliminate the over-enhanced part in the initial enhanced image. The analysis of experimental results shows that the method proposed in this paper has obvious advantages in brightness enhancement and color restoration of low-light images. Especially, comparing with the original Retinex network method, the NIQE value decreases by an average of 19.49%, and the image standard deviation increases by an average of 41.35%. The algorithm proposed in this paper is expected to be effectively used in the fields of security monitoring and biomedicine.
Optoelectronic neuromorphic devices and their applications
Authors: Shen Liu-Feng , Hu Ling-Xiang , Kang Feng-Wen , Ye Yu-Min , Zhuge Fei ,   School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China,   Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China,   Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
Published: March 2022

Conventional computers based on the von Neumann architecture are inefficient in parallel computing and self-adaptive learning, and therefore cannot meet the rapid development of information technology that needs efficient and high-speed computing. Owing to the unique advantages such as high parallelism and ultralow power consumption, bioinspired neuromorphic computing can have the capability of breaking through the bottlenecks of conventional computers and is now considered as an ideal option to realize the next-generation artificial intelligence. As the hardware carriers that allow the implementing of neuromorphic computing, neuromorphic devices are very critical in building neuromorphic chips. Meanwhile, the development of human visual systems and optogenetics also provides a new insight into how to study neuromorphic devices. The emerging optoelectronic neuromorphic devices feature the unique advantages of photonics and electronics, showing great potential in the neuromorphic computing field and attracting more and more attention of the scientists. In view of these, the main purpose of this review is to disclose the recent research advances in optoelectronic neuromorphic devices and the prospects of their practical applications. We first review the artificial optoelectronic synapses and neurons, including device structural features, working mechanisms, and neuromorphic simulation functions. Then, we introduce the applications of optoelectronic neuromorphic devices particularly suitable for the fields including artificial vision systems, artificial perception systems, and neuromorphic computing. Finally, we summarize the challenges to the optoelectronic neuromorphic devices, which we are facing now, and present some perspectives about their development directions in the future.
Ship-borne dynamic absolute gravity measurement based on cold atom gravimeter
Authors: Che Hao , Li An , Fang Jie , Ge Gui-Guo , Gao Wei , Zhang Ya , Liu Chao , Xu Jiang-Ning , Chang Lu-Bin , Huang Chun-Fu , Gong Wen-Bin , Li Dong-Yi , Chen Xi , Qin Fang-Jun ,   School of Electrical Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China,   Division of Precision Measurement Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China,   School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China
Published: March 2022

Cold atom gravimeter is gradually developing towards miniaturization, dynamics and practicality. It is of great significance to apply it to deep and far sea absolute gravity measurement and underwater long navigation time and high-precision navigation. At present, most cold atom gravimeters are still in the state of laboratory static base or quasi-static base measurement, which is difficult to meet the gravity measurement needs in dynamic application scenarios. Therefore, the research on "static to dynamic" of cold atom interferometric gravity measurement is very urgent and key. In this paper, the basic principle of dynamic measurement is analyzed, the basic method of combined measurement of cold atom gravimeter and accelerometer is given, a set of absolute dynamic gravity measurement system based on cold atom gravimeter and inertial stabilization platform is built, and the ship-borne dynamic measurement experiment is carried out by using the combined measurement method of cold atom gravimeter and traditional accelerometer. Firstly, the continuous absolute gravity measurement for about 40 h is carried out in the laboratory static environment to preliminarily evaluate the performance of the cold atom gravimeter. The sensitivity is 447 µGal/\begin{document}$\sqrt {{\text{Hz}}} $\end{document}, and the long-term stability can reach 2.7 µgal. On this basis, the ship-borne experiment is conducted, the survey ship sails on the lake at a speed of about 4.6 kn, and the ship-borne absolute dynamic gravity measurement is carried out by means of repeated survey lines. After evaluation, the internal coincidence accuracy of the four repeated survey lines is 2.272 mGal, and the external coincidence accuracy values of the four voyages are 2.331, 1.837, 3.988 and 2.589 mGal respectively. Finally, according to the experimental results, the possible problems are further analyzed and summarized. This experimental study provides preliminary verification and technical scheme reference for marine absolute dynamic gravity measurement.
The Beneficial Effects of Erbium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Laser in an Ulcer Caused by Lower Leg Arteriopathy
Authors: Botsali Aysenur , Caliskan Ercan , Tunca Mustafa
Published: March 2022

Ablative fractional laser is suggested to promote wound healing in diabetic and venous leg ulcers. In this article, we report the treatment outcome of a recalcitrant foot ulceration related to lower leg arteriopathy. A 43-year-old man with typical digital substraction angiographic findings of arteriopathy was admitted to our department after 30 sessions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. There was heterotopic tissue within the ulcer consistent with osseous metaplasia and mature bone tissue. This tissue was removed with full-field erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser, and the remaining parts received fractional erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser for the induction of wound healing. A decrease in ulcer dimensions was achieved by the second month of laser interventions without recurrence in the first-year control.
A Technical Review of Foot Temperature Measurement Systems
Authors: Grech Josef , Mizzi Stephen , Falzon Owen
Published: March 2022

People suffering from diabetes are at risk of developing foot ulcerations, which, if left untreated, could also lead to amputation. Monitoring of the foot temperature can help in the prevention of these foot complications, and various studies have shown that elevated temperatures may be indicative of ulceration. Over the years there have been various devices that were designed for foot temperature monitoring, both for clinical and home use. The technologies used vary from infrared (IR) thermometry, liquid crystal thermography (LCT), IR thermography and a vast range of analogue and digital temperature sensors that were incorporated in different measurement platforms. All these systems are able to collect thermal data from the foot, some being able to acquire data only when the foot is stationary and others being able to acquire from the foot in motion, which can give a more in-depth insight to any emerging problems. The aim of this review is to evaluate the available literature related to the technologies used in these systems, outlining the benefits of each and what further developments may be required to make the foot temperature analysis more effective.
In vivo transcriptomic profiling using cell encapsulation identifies effector pathways of systemic aging
Authors: Mashinchian Omid , Hong Xiaotong , Michaud Joris , Migliavacca Eugenia , Lefebvre Gregory , Boss Christophe , De Franceschi Filippo , Le Moal Emmeran , Collerette-Tremblay Jasmin , Isern Joan , Metairon Sylviane , Raymond Frederic , Descombes Patrick , Bouche Nicolas , Muñoz-Cánoves Pura , Feige Jerome N , Bentzinger C Florian
Published: March 2022

Sustained exposure to a young systemic environment rejuvenates aged organisms and promotes cellular function. However, due to the intrinsic complexity of tissues it remains challenging to pinpoint niche-independent effects of circulating factors on specific cell populations. Here, we describe a method for the encapsulation of human and mouse skeletal muscle progenitors in diffusible polyethersulfone hollow fiber capsules that can be used to profile systemic aging in vivo independent of heterogeneous short-range tissue interactions. We observed that circulating long-range signaling factors in the old systemic environment lead to an activation of Myc and E2F transcription factors, induce senescence, and suppress myogenic differentiation. Importantly, in vitro profiling using young and old serum in 2D culture does not capture all pathways deregulated in encapsulated cells in aged mice. Thus, in vivo transcriptomic profiling using cell encapsulation allows for the characterization of effector pathways of systemic aging with unparalleled accuracy.
SOX4 facilitates PGR protein stability and FOXO1 expression conducive for human endometrial decidualization
Authors: Huang Pinxiu , Deng Wenbo , Bao Haili , Lin Zhong , Liu Mengying , Wu Jinxiang , Zhou Xiaobo , Qiao Manting , Yang Yihua , Cai Han , Rao Faiza , Chen Jingsi , Chen Dunjin , Lu Jinhua , Wang Haibin , Qin Aiping , Kong Shuangbo
Published: March 2022

The establishment of pregnancy in human necessitates appropriate decidualization of stromal cells, which involves steroids regulated periodic transformation of endometrial stromal cells during the menstrual cycle. However, the potential molecular regulatory mechanism underlying the initiation and maintenance of decidualization in humans is yet to be fully elucidated. In this investigation, we document that SOX4 is a key regulator of human endometrial stromal cells decidualization by directly regulating FOXO1 expression as revealed by whole genomic binding of SOX4 assay and RNA sequencing. Besides, our immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry results unravel that SOX4 modulates progesterone receptor (PGR) stability through repressing E3 ubiquitin ligase HERC4-mediated degradation. More importantly, we provide evidence that dysregulated SOX4–HERC4–PGR axis is a potential cause of defective decidualization and recurrent implantation failure in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) patients. In summary, this study evidences that SOX4 is a new and critical regulator for human endometrial decidualization, and provides insightful information for the pathology of decidualization-related infertility and will pave the way for pregnancy improvement.
Structural dynamics determine voltage and pH gating in human voltage-gated proton channel
Authors: Han Shuo , Peng Sophia , Vance Joshua , Tran Kimberly , Do Nhu , Bui Nauy , Gui Zhenhua , Wang Shizhen
Published: March 2022

Voltage-gated proton (Hv) channels are standalone voltage sensors without separate ion conductive pores. They are gated by both voltage and transmembrane proton gradient (i.e., ∆pH), serving as acid extruders in most cells. Like the canonical voltage sensors, Hv channels are a bundle of four helices (named S1 –S4), with the S4 segment carrying three positively charged Arg residues. Extensive structural and electrophysiological studies on voltage-gated ion channels, in general, agree on an outwards movement of the S4 segment upon activating voltage, but the real-time conformational transitions are still unattainable. With purified human voltage-gated proton (hHv1) channels reconstituted in liposomes, we have examined its conformational dynamics, including the S4 segment at different voltage and pHs using single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET). Here, we provide the first glimpse of real-time conformational trajectories of the hHv1 voltage sensor and show that both voltage and pH gradient shift the conformational dynamics of the S4 segment to control channel gating. Our results indicate that the S4 segment transits among three major conformational states and only the transitions between the inward and outward conformations are highly dependent on voltage and pH. Altogether, we propose a kinetic model that explains the mechanisms underlying voltage and pH gating in Hv channels, which may also serve as a general framework for understanding the voltage sensing and gating in other voltage-gated ion channels.
First do no harm: developing an ethical process of consent and release for digital storytelling in healthcare
Authors: Hardy Pip
Published: March 2022

Opportunities to disseminate the stories of patients and those who care for them via the internet create new dilemmas with respect to ethical processes of consent and release. The possibility of utilising images as well as words further complicates this issue. Balancing the need to protect the safety and security of those who share their stories with their own desire for their stories to be widely heard presents a complex blend of ethical issues.The Patient Voices programme has been helping people create and share digital stories of healthcare since 2003. During that time, careful thought has been given to the development of a respectful process that both empowers and protects storytellers, affording time at every stage of the process to reflect and make informed decisions about consent, sharing and dissemination. This paper describes how that process has been developed and explores the issues that it was designed to address.
Lung–brain ‘cross-talk’: systemic propagation of cytokines in the ARDS via the bloodstream using a blood transfusion model does not influence cerebral inflammatory response in pigs
Authors: Rissel René , Schaefer Moritz , Kamuf Jens , Ruemmler Robert , Riedel Julian , Mohnke Katja , Renz Miriam , Hartmann Erik K. , Ziebart Alexander
Published: March 2022

Background

Interorgan cross-talk describes the phenomenon in which a primarily injured organ causes secondary damage to a distant organ. This cross-talk is well known between the lung and brain. One theory suggests that the release and systemic distribution of cytokines via the bloodstream from the primarily affected organ sets in motion proinflammatory cascades in distant organs. In this study, we analysed the role of the systemic distribution of cytokines via the bloodstream in a porcine ARDS model for organ cross-talk and possible inflammatory changes in the brain.

Methods

After approval of the State and Institutional Animal Care Committee, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induction with oleic acid injection was performed in seven animals. Eight hours after ARDS induction, blood (35–40 ml kg–1) was taken from these seven ‘ARDS donor’ pigs. The collected ‘ARDS donor’ blood was transfused into seven healthy ‘ARDS-recipient’ pigs. Three animals served as a control group, and blood from these animals was transfused into three healthy pigs after an appropriate ventilation period. All animals were monitored for 8 h using advanced cardiorespiratory monitoring. Postmortem assessment included cerebral (hippocampal and cortex) mediators of early inflammatory response (IL-6, TNF-alpha, iNOS, sLCN-2), wet-to-dry ratio and lung histology. TNF-alpha serum concentration was measured in all groups.

Results

ARDS was successfully induced in the ‘ARDS donor’ group, and serum TNF-alpha levels were elevated compared with the ‘ARDS-recipient’ group. In the ‘ARDS-recipient’ group, neither significant ARDS alterations nor upregulation of inflammatory mediators in the brain tissue were detected after high-volume random allogenic ‘ARDS-blood’ transfusion. The role of the systemic distribution of inflammatory cytokines from one affected organ to another could not be confirmed in this study.