bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Perceived Parental Success Standards in Sport and Relations with Athletes’ Self-Esteem, Performance Anxiety, and Achievement Goal Orientation: Comparing Parental and Coach Influences
Authors: Schwebel Frank J. , Smith Ronald E. , Smoll Frank L.
Published: March 2016

The Perceived Parent Success Standards Scale (PPSSS), adapted from the Perception of Success Questionnaire constructed by Roberts et al. (1998) to measure athletes’ achievement goal orientation, provides a measure of athletes’ perceptions of mastery- and ego-oriented parental success criteria, a central component of parental motivational climate. This study focused on 543 young athletes (ages 9–16) on 82 teams in recreational basketball leagues. The PPSSS exhibited strong factorial validity, construct validity, and orthogonality between ego and mastery factors that allow for different combinations of these factors to be tested. We also compared the impact of the motivational climates created by coaches and success standards conveyed by parents on postseason athlete outcome measures of anxiety, self-esteem, and achievement goal orientation. Correlational and multilevel regression analyses revealed that both coach and parent variables were significantly related to the athlete variables. However, mediational analyses indicated that parental success standards mediated relations between coach-initiated climate and all of the outcome variables, reflecting the power of parental socialization processes. We discuss potential reasons for the greater parental influence shown in this and a previous study, and we suggest directions for further research as well as possible interventions that can help both coaches and parents create a more positive athletic environment for young athletes.
Integrated Power and Attitude Control Design of Satellites Based on a Fuzzy Adaptive Disturbance Observer Using Variable-Speed Control Moment Gyros
Authors: Chu Zhongyi , Cui Jing
Published: March 2016

To satisfy the requirements for small satellites that seek agile slewing with peak power, this paper investigates integrated power and attitude control using variable-speed control moment gyros (VSCMGs) that consider the mass and inertia of gimbals and wheels. The paper also details the process for developing the controller by considering various environments in which the controller may be implemented. A fuzzy adaptive disturbance observer (FADO) is proposed to estimate and compensate for the effects of equivalent disturbances. The algorithms can simultaneously track attitude and power. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the control approach, which exhibits an improvement of 80 percent compared with alternate approaches that do not employ a FADO.
The Role of Initial Credit Distribution Scheme in Managing Network Mobility and Maximizing Reserve Capacity: Considering Traveler’s Cognitive Illusion
Authors: Han Fei , Cheng Lin
Published: March 2016

The role of initial credit distribution scheme (ICDS) in managing network mobility has long been overlooked in previous studies of tradable credit scheme (TCS), which may make their results disputable in the reality, as the travelers possessing leftover credits can get some subsidy from the credit market and offset part of travel cost. In this paper, the disequilibrium phenomenon of previous user equilibrium (UE) solution is shown when traveler’s cognitive illusion (CI) is considered. Then, a new UE condition with TCS is defined with the ICDS and CI explicitly considered. To comprehensively reveal the impacts of ICDS on UE solution, four different types of ICDS are introduced and analyzed in a unified variational inequality (VI) modeling framework. The uniqueness of the UE link flow and market equilibrium (ME) credit price is also investigated. Furthermore, the mathematical program with equilibrium constraint (MPEC) for the optimal ICDS design problem is established, with the optimization objective being maximizing network reserve capacity. A modified relaxation algorithm is adopted to solve the MPEC. The numerical example shows that a properly designed ICDS can not only improve the network reserve capacity, but also decrease the travel cost of all the travelers in the network simultaneously.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Comparison with Fundus Fluorescein Angiography
Authors: Gong Jingwen , Yu Suqin , Gong Yuanyuan , Wang Fenghua , Sun Xiaodong
Published: March 2016

Purpose.To describe the morphological characteristics and efficacy of OCTA in detecting CNV in nAMD. We retrospectively reviewed 53 patients (86 eyes) with suspected CNV secondary to wet AMD. All the patients underwent a multimodal assessment for CNV. Two independent readers calculated the sensitivity and specificity of OCTA in detecting CNV compared with FA. A qualitative analysis of OCTA was also performed to describe the morphological appearance of CNV. Among 86 eyes of 53 patients, 52 eyes were diagnosed as having CNV based on the FA imaging analysis. According to FA, CNV was classified as classic in 28 eyes, predominantly classic in 6 eyes, minimally classic in 9 eyes, and occult in 9 eyes. In 56 eyes, CNV was visualized on OCTA and corresponding OCT B-scans. In total, 46.4% (26/56) had well-circumscribed vessels, and 53.6% (30/56) showed poorly circumscribed vessels. There were 11 false positives and 7 false negatives using OCTA. The specificity of OCTA for the detection of CNV was 67.6%, with sensitivity of 86.5%. OCTA may help in the noninvasive diagnosis of CNV and may provide a method for monitoring the evolution of CNV.
Effect of Wood Fillers on the Viscoelastic and Thermophysical Properties of HDPE-Wood Composite
Authors: Tazi M. , Sukiman M. S. , Erchiqui F. , Imad A. , Kanit T.
Published: March 2016

Wood polymer composites (WPC) have well proven their applicability in several fields of the plasturgy sector, due to their aesthetics and low maintenance costs. However, for plasturgy applications, the characterization of viscoelastic behavior and thermomechanical and thermophysical properties of WPC with the temperature and wood filler contents is essential. Therefore, the processability of polymer composites made up with different percentage of wood particles needs a better understanding of materials behaviors in accordance with temperature and wood particles contents. To this end, a numerical analysis of the viscoelastic, mechanical, and thermophysical properties of composite composed of high density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with soft wood particles is evaluated.
Improved Risk Assessment by Integrating Molecular and Clinicopathological Factors in Early-stage Endometrial Cancer—Combined Analysis of the PORTEC Cohorts
Authors: Stelloo Ellen , Nout Remi A. , Osse Elisabeth M. , Jürgenliemk-Schulz Ina J. , Jobsen Jan J. , Lutgens Ludy C. , van der Steen-Banasik Elzbieta M. , Nijman Hans W. , Putter Hein , Bosse Tjalling , Creutzberg Carien L. , Smit Vincent T.H.B.M.
Published: March 2016

Purpose: Recommendations for adjuvant treatment for women with early-stage endometrial carcinoma are based on clinicopathologic features. Comprehensive genomic characterization defined four subgroups: p53-mutant, microsatellite instability (MSI), POLE-mutant, and no specific molecular profile (NSMP). We aimed to confirm the prognostic capacity of these subgroups in large randomized trial populations, investigate potential other prognostic classifiers, and integrate these into an integrated molecular risk assessment guiding adjuvant therapy.

Experimental Design: Analysis of MSI, hotspot mutations in 14 genes including POLE, protein expression of p53, ARID1a, β-catenin, L1CAM, PTEN, ER, and PR was undertaken on 947 available early-stage endometrioid endometrial carcinomas from the PORTEC-1 and -2 trials, mostly high-intermediate risk (n = 614). Prognostic value was determined using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. AUCs of different risk stratification models were compared.

Results: Molecular analyses were feasible in >96% of the patients and confirmed the four molecular subgroups: p53-mutant (9%), MSI (26%), POLE-mutant (6%), and NSMP (59%). Integration of prognostic molecular alterations with established clinicopathologic factors resulted in a stronger model with improved risk prognostication. Approximately 15% of high-intermediate risk patients had unfavorable features (substantial lymphovascular space invasion, p53-mutant, and/or >10% L1CAM), 50% favorable features (POLE-mutant, NSMP being microsatellite stable, and CTNNB1 wild-type), and 35% intermediate features (MSI or CTNNB1-mutant).

Conclusions: Integrating clinicopathologic and molecular factors improves the risk assessment of patients with early-stage endometrial carcinoma. Assessment of this integrated risk profile is feasible in daily practice, and holds promise to reduce both overtreatment and undertreatment. Clin Cancer Res; 22(16); 4215–24. ©2016 AACR.
A Therapeutic Her2/neu Vaccine Targeting Dendritic Cells Preferentially Inhibits the Growth of Low Her2/neu–Expressing Tumor in HLA-A2 Transgenic Mice
Authors: Tran Thi , Diniz Mariana O. , Dransart Estelle , Gey Alain , Merillon Nathalie , Lone Yu Chun , Godefroy Sylvie , Sibley Craig , Ferreira Luis CS , Medioni Jacques , Oudard Stephane , Johannes Ludger , Tartour Eric
Published: March 2016

Purpose: E75, a peptide derived from the Her2/neu protein, is the most clinically advanced vaccine approach against breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to optimize the E75 vaccine using a delivery vector targeting dendritic cells, the B-subunit of Shiga toxin (STxB), and to assess the role of various parameters (Her2/neu expression, combination with trastuzumab) in the efficacy of this cancer vaccine in a relevant preclinical model.

Experimental Design: We compared the differential ability of the free E75 peptide or the STxB-E75 vaccine to elicit CD8+ T cells, and the impact of the vaccine on murine HLA-A2 tumors expressing low or high levels of Her2/neu.

Results: STxB-E75 synergized with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factors and CpG and proved to be more efficient than the free E75 peptide in the induction of multifunctional and high-avidity E75-specific anti-CD8+ T cells resulting in a potent tumor protection in HLA-A2 transgenic mice. High expression of HER2/neu inhibited the expression of HLA-class I molecules, leading to a poor recognition of human or murine tumors by E75-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. In line with these results, STxB-E75 preferentially inhibited the growth of HLA-A2 tumors expressing low levels of Her2/neu. Coadministration of anti-Her2/neu mAb potentiated this effect.

Conclusions: STxB-E75 vaccine is a potent candidate to be tested in patients with low Her2/neu–expressing tumors. It could also be indicated in patients expressing high levels of Her2/neu and low intratumoral T-cell infiltration to boost the recruitment of T cells—a key parameter in the efficacy of anti-Her2/neu mAb therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(16); 4133–44. ©2016 AACR.
Effects of Pubertal Exposure to Dietary Soy on Estrogen Receptor Activity in the Breast of Cynomolgus Macaques
Authors: Dewi Fitriya N. , Wood Charles E. , Willson Cynthia J. , Register Thomas C. , Lees Cynthia J. , Howard Timothy D. , Huang Zhiqing , Murphy Susan K. , Tooze Janet A. , Chou Jeff W. , Miller Lance D. , Cline J. Mark
Published: March 2016

Endogenous estrogens influence mammary gland development during puberty and breast cancer risk during adulthood. Early-life exposure to dietary or environmental estrogens may alter estrogen-mediated processes. Soy foods contain phytoestrogenic isoflavones (IF), which have mixed estrogen agonist/antagonist properties. Here, we evaluated mammary gland responses over time in pubertal female cynomolgus macaques fed diets containing either casein/lactalbumin (n = 12) or soy protein containing a human-equivalent dose of 120 mg IF/day (n = 17) for approximately 4.5 years spanning menarche. We assessed estrogen receptor (ER) expression and activity, promoter methylation of ERs and their downstream targets, and markers of estrogen metabolism. Expression of ERα and classical ERα response genes (TFF1, PGR, and GREB1) decreased with maturity, independent of diet. A significant inverse correlation was observed between TFF1 mRNA and methylation of CpG sites within the TFF1 promoter. Soy effects included lower ERβ expression before menarche and lower mRNA for ERα and GREB1 after menarche. Expression of GATA-3, an epithelial differentiation marker that regulates ERα-mediated transcription, was elevated before menarche and decreased after menarche in soy-fed animals. Soy did not significantly alter expression of other ER activity markers, estrogen-metabolizing enzymes, or promoter methylation for ERs or ER-regulated genes. Our results demonstrate greater ER expression and activity during the pubertal transition, supporting the idea that this life stage is a critical window for phenotypic modulation by estrogenic compounds. Pubertal soy exposure decreases mammary ERα expression after menarche and exerts subtle effects on receptor activity and mammary gland differentiation. Cancer Prev Res; 9(5); 385–95. ©2016 AACR.
Soy Protein Isolate Protects Against Ethanol-Mediated Tumor Progression in Diethylnitrosamine-Treated Male Mice
Authors: Mercer Kelly E. , Pulliam Casey , Hennings Leah , Lai Keith , Cleves Mario , Jones Ellen , Drake Richard R. , Ronis Martin
Published: March 2016

In this study, diethylnitrosamine-treated male mice were assigned to three groups: (i) a 35% high fat ethanol liquid diet (EtOH) with casein as the protein source, (ii) the same EtOH liquid diet with soy protein isolate as the sole protein source (EtOH/SPI), (iii) and a chow group. EtOH feeding continued for 16 weeks. As expected, EtOH increased the incidence and multiplicity of basophilic lesions and adenomas compared with the chow group, P < 0.05. Soy protein replacement of casein in the EtOH diet significantly reduced adenoma progression when compared with the EtOH and EtOH/SPI group (P < 0.05). Tumor reduction in the EtOH/SPI group corresponded to reduced liver injury associated with decreased hepatic Tnfα and Cd14 antigen (Cd14) expression and decreased nuclear accumulation of NF-κB1 protein compared with the EtOH group (P < 0.05). Detection of sphingolipids using high-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) imaging mass spectrometry revealed increased accumulation of long acyl chain ceramide species, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in the EtOH group that were significantly reduced in the EtOH/SPI group. Chronic EtOH feeding also increased mRNA expression of β-catenin transcriptional targets, including cyclin D1 (Ccnd1), matrix metallopeptidase 7 (Mmp7), and glutamine synthetase (Glns), which were reduced in the EtOH/SPI group (P < 0.05). We conclude that soy prevents tumorigenesis by reducing proinflammatory and oxidative environment resulting from EtOH-induced hepatic injury, and by reducing hepatocyte proliferation through inhibition of β-catenin signaling. These mechanisms may involve changes in sphingolipid signaling. Cancer Prev Res; 9(6); 466–75. ©2016 AACR.
Changes in the MicroRNA Profile of the Mandible of Ovariectomized Mice
Authors: Hao LingYu , Li Jia , Tian YaWen , Wu JunHua
Published: March 2016

Background/Aims: In postmenopausal women, a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip and spine is associated with an increased risk of tooth loss, possibly caused by the loss of the alveolar bone. The present study explored the effect of the ovariectomy (OVX) of mice on the miRNA expression profile of their bones. Methods: Micro-CT and histological analysis were performed on mice following OVX or sham-operation using the right mandibles. The left mandibles were used for microarray and quantitative RT-PCR to explore the change in their miRNA expression profile. The differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) of the OVX and sham-operated mice were analyzed by constructing the miRNA-mRNA-function complex network. We then also analyzed the different roles of the regulation of miRNAs in the mandible and femur by combining public data from GEO. Results: OVX could lead to a significant decrease in the BMD in the mandible. A total of 53 DEmiRs including, 18 up-regulated and 35 down-regulated miRNAs, were identified. The analysis of the miRNA-mRNA-pathway complex network suggested that miR-17-5p and miRNA-297a-5p were potential biomarkers in the development of mandibles of OVX mice. A comparison of the analysis data on the mandible and femur showed that the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway was specifically regulated in the mandible, whereas the Wnt signaling pathway was specifically regulated in the femur. Moreover, miR-17-5p and miR-133a-3p showed different expression tendencies in the mandible and in the femur after OVX. Conclusion: This study provides an integrated function analysis of miRNA in mandibles after OVX and of miR-17-5p and miR-133a-3p as potential biomarkers. Moreover, the mechanism in mandibles may not be comparable with that in femurs with estrogen deficiency.
Puerarin Exerts a Delayed Inhibitory Effect on the Proliferation of Cardiomyocytes Derived from Murine ES Cells via Slowing Progression through G2/M Phase
Authors: Luo Xueying , Zhong Binlong , Hong Xian , Cui Yurong , Gao Ying , Yin Mengmeng , Tang Ming , Hescheler Jürgen , Xi Jiaoya
Published: March 2016

Objective: Puerarin, which shows beneficial and protective effects on cardiovascular diseases, is the main isoflavone extracted from Pueraria lobata (kudzu) root. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of puerarin on in vitro myocardial proliferation and its underlying mechanism. Methods: Myocardial differentiation of transgenic embryonic stem (ES) cells was performed by embryoid body-based differentiation method. The proliferation assay of cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from ES cells (ES-CMs) was performed by EdU (5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) staining. Flow cytometry was employed to determine the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of purified ES-CMs. Quantitative real-time PCR was utilized to study the transcription of genes related to cell cycle progression. Signaling pathways relating to proliferation were studied by western blot analysis and application of specific inhibitors. Results: Puerarin exerted a delayed inhibitory effect on the proliferation of ES-CMs at the early-stage differentiation. Meanwhile, puerarin slowed progression through G2/M phase without inducing apoptosis of ES-CMs. Further assays showed that puerarin up-regulated the transcription of Cyclin A2, Cyclin B1 and Cdk1 in ES-CMs. The ERK1/2 specific inhibitor PD0325901 and the PI3K specific inhibitor Wortmannin successfully reversed puerarin-induced up-regulation of Cdk1 but not Cyclin A2 and B1. Conclusion: These findings suggest that puerarin inhibits CM proliferation via slowing progression through G2/M phase during early-stage differentiation.
The Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Apoptotic Activities of the Bauhinia Championii Flavone are Connected with Protection Against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Jian Jie , Xuan Feifei , Qin Feizhang , Huang Renbin
Published: March 2016

Background/Aims: Previous studies have demonstrated that Bauhinia championii flavone (BCF) exhibits anti-oxidative, anti-hypoxic and anti-stress properties. This study was designed to investigate whether BCF has a cardioprotective effect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries in rats and to shed light on its possible mechanism. Methods: The model of I/R was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min, then reperfusing for 180 min. Hemodynamic changes were continuously monitored. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were assessed. The release of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was determined by caspase-3 activity and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. The expression of TLR4, NF-κBp65, Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by western blotting. Results: Pretreatment with BCF significantly reduced the serum levels of LDH, MDA and IL-6, but increased the activities of SOD and GSH-Px. It also attenuated myocardial infarct size, reduced the apoptosis rate and preserved cardiac function. Furthermore, BCF inhibited caspase-3 activity and the expression of TLR4, phosphorylated NF-κBp65 and Bax, but enhanced the expression of Bcl-2. Conclusion: These results provide substantial evidence that BCF exerts a protective effect on myocardial I/R injury, which may be attributed to attenuating lipid peroxidation, the inflammatory response and apoptosis.
Myeloid Sarcoma of the Hepatobiliary System: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Norsworthy Kelly J. , Bhatnagar Bhavana , Singh Zeba N. , Gojo Ivana
Published: March 2016

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary presentation of myeloid malignancies, most commonly seen in association with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although MS can develop in any organ, the involvement of the hepatobiliary system is rare. With clinical manifestations of jaundice, abdominal pain and other gastrointestinal symptoms, MS presenting at this location can be a challenge to diagnose, particularly in patients with no known history of hematologic malignancy. This may cause delay in proper management. Here we report 3 cases from a single institution and a review of the literature concerning the epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes in patients with MS of the liver, biliary tree and pancreas.
Cytological Diagnosis of Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma before and after the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology
Authors: Fazeli Roghayeh , VandenBussche Christopher J. , Bishop Justin A. , Ali Syed Z.
Published: March 2016

Background: The follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) is the second most common subtype of papillary carcinoma after the classical variant. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) has been introduced to standardize the practice of thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) reporting. We evaluated the impact of TBSRTC on the FNA interpretation of histologically proven FVPTCs. Method: Cytology reports of 455 histologically proven FVPTCs were reviewed. The rate of each TBSRTC category was compared between pre- and post-TBSRTC eras. Results: The distribution of FNA diagnoses for pre-TBSRTC cases included suspicious for follicular neoplasm (SFN; n = 51, 28.7%), papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC; n = 47, 26.4%), suspicious for malignancy (SFM; n = 32, 18%), atypia of undetermined significance (AUS; n = 23, 13%), benign (n = 18, 10.1%), and nondiagnostic (ND; n = 7, 4%). Post-TBSRTC diagnoses were: AUS (n = 68, 24.6%), PTC (n = 64, 23.1%), SFM (n = 50, 18%), SFN and benign (n = 42, 15.2%) and ND (n = 11, 4%). SFN rate decreased significantly from 28.7 to 15.2% (p = 0.001) and AUS increased from 12.9 to 24.5% (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Following implementation of TBSRTC, the frequency of AUS diagnoses on FNA prior to surgical resection increased. Given that the rate of FVPTC diagnoses on thyroidectomy increased over the same period, this suggests that the use of AUS has resulted in greater surgical resection of FVPTC.
Autophagy in Chronic Kidney Diseases
Authors: Liu Na , Shi Yingfeng , Zhuang Shougang
Published: March 2016

Background: Autophagy is the degrading process of protein and organelles mediated by lysosomes. This process is involved in purging senescent organelles and subversive proteins while maintaining the stability of the intracellular environment. This phenomenon is highly conservative, existing in nearly every species, and is involved in cell growth, proliferation and tumorigenesis. Summary: In recent decades, with the discovery of autophagy-related genes and proteins in conjunction with the improvement in detection methods, the study of autophagy is constantly achieving new breakthroughs. It has been discovered that multiple regulatory mechanisms, including Atg protein and its conjugation system, mammalian target of rapamycin upstream and downstream pathways, complex of B-cell lymphoma-2 and Beclin-1c, cellular stress and dual regulation of p53 protein, jointly mediate the process of autophagy. Aberrant autophagy can cause impairment of resident kidney cells and development of various renal diseases. Key Message: In this paper, we summarize recent discoveries regarding the development and regulatory mechanisms of autophagy. We also highlight the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of some kidney diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, obstructive nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, nephropathic cystinosis, aristolochic acid nephropathy, autoimmune kidney diseases and chronic cyclosporin A-induced nephrotoxicity. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of renal diseases and are useful for designing novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of chronic kidney disease.
Reparation of Isoniazid and Rifampicin Combinatorial Therapy-Induced Hepatotoxic Effects by Bacopa monnieri
Authors: Evan Prince Sabina , Udhaya Lavinya B. , Sunitha Priyadharshini S. , Arumugam Geetha
Published: March 2016

Drug-induced liver injury is a major challenge in treating tuberculosis with isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF). This study was aimed at evaluating the protective effects of Bacopamonnieri (Brahmi) against INH and RIF-induced hepatotoxicity in a rat model and also to study the patterns of interaction between pregnane X receptor (PXR) and chosen active compounds of B. monnieri. Hepatotoxicity was induced in the experimental animals by the oral administration of INH and RIF (50 mg/kg b.w. each/day) for 28 days. The effects of co-administration of B. monnieri (500 mg/kg b.w./day) in INH- and RIF-induced rats were studied by the estimation of biochemical analyses. The standard hepatoprotective drug silymarin (25 mg/kg b.w./day) was used for the purpose of comparison. In silico docking experiments were carried out using the PatchDock server and the results were analysed on the PyMol molecular viewer. There was significant reduction in the antioxidant status of INH and RIF-induced rats. Also, there was significant elevation in the levels of serum liver function markers in the INH- and RIF-induced rats. B. monnieri was able to normalise the tested parameters. In silico studies reveal significant interaction between PXR and bacopaside I. B. monnieri exerts significant protective effects against INH and RIF-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
A Cytogenomic Approach in a Case of Syndromic XY Gonadal Dysgenesis
Authors: Simioni Milena , Lopes Monlleó Isabella , Costa de Queiroz Camila M. , Fragoso Peixoto Gazzaneo Ilanna , Lima do Nascimento Diogo L. , Luna de Omena Filho Reinaldo , Santos da Cruz Piveta Cristiane , Palandi de Mello Maricilda , Gil-da-Silva-Lopes Vera L.
Published: March 2016

This is the first molecular characterization of a female XY patient with an Xp duplication due to an X;22 translocation. Array CGH detected a copy number gain of ∼36 Mb in the Xp22.33p21.1 region involving 150 genes. Clinical and molecular studies described in the literature have suggested DAX1 duplication as the major cause responsible for a sex reversal phenotype. Additionally, the interaction between genes and their possible role in clinical features are presented to support the discussion on genotype-phenotype correlation in cases of syndromic XY gonadal dysgenesis.
Evaluation Studies of Robotic Rollators by the User Perspective: A Systematic Review
Authors: Werner Christian , Ullrich Phoebe , Geravand Milad , Peer Angelika , Hauer Klaus
Published: March 2016

Background: Robotic rollators enhance the basic functions of established devices by technically advanced physical, cognitive, or sensory support to increase autonomy in persons with severe impairment. In the evaluation of such ambient assisted living solutions, both the technical and user perspectives are important to prove usability, effectiveness and safety, and to ensure adequate device application. Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the methodology of studies evaluating robotic rollators with focus on the user perspective and to give recommendations for future evaluation studies. Methods: A systematic literature search up to December 31, 2014, was conducted based on the Cochrane Review methodology using the electronic databases PubMed and IEEE Xplore. Articles were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: evaluation studies of robotic rollators documenting human-robot interaction, no case reports, published in English language. Results: Twenty-eight studies were identified that met the predefined inclusion criteria. Large heterogeneity in the definitions of the target user group, study populations, study designs and assessment methods was found across the included studies. No generic methodology to evaluate robotic rollators could be identified. We found major methodological shortcomings related to insufficient sample descriptions and sample sizes, and lack of appropriate, standardized and validated assessment methods. Long-term use in habitual environment was also not evaluated. Conclusions: Apart from the heterogeneity, methodological deficits in most of the identified studies became apparent. Recommendations for future evaluation studies include: clear definition of target user group, adequate selection of subjects, inclusion of other assistive mobility devices for comparison, evaluation of the habitual use of advanced prototypes, adequate assessment strategy with established, standardized and validated methods, and statistical analysis of study results. Assessment strategies may additionally focus on specific functionalities of the robotic rollators allowing an individually tailored assessment of innovative features to document their added value.
Urological Complications and BK Virus-Associated Diseases Under Allogenic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Schneidewind Laila , Neumann Thomas , Burchardt Martin , Krüger William
Published: March 2016

Every year 50,000 patients receive a stem cell transplantation worldwide, but there is lack of data pertaining to urological complications. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of all adult patients undergoing their first allogenic stem cell transplantation from January 2011 to June 2013 in our institution. Statistical tests performed were Pearson's correlation, chi-square testing and logistic regression using SPSS 22.0. Results: We identified 39 patients (22 males, 17 females). Twenty four patients (61.5%) had a urological complication. Most frequent urologic complications were bacterial urinary tract infection (n = 13; 33.3%), acute renal failure (n = 6; 15.4%) and BK virus-associated haemorrhagic cystitis (n = 5; 12.8%). BK viruria was detected in 12 patients (30.8%). We observed an association of creatinine increase (about 20 µmol/l at time of onset of BK viruria) with BK viruria (Pearson's correlation 0.64; p = 0.01), and BK viruria is significantly linked to acute renal failure (Pearson's correlation 0.35; p = 0.029). In univariate regression, BK viruria is significantly linked to urological complication (p = 0.025). Conclusions: We suggest that BK virus infection during stem cell transplantation can lead to BK virus associated nephropathy, which is so far only known from patients after kidney transplantation.
A Case of Intraocular Erosion and Intrusion by an Arruga Suture
Authors: Kitagaki Takakuni , Morishita Seita , Kohmoto Ryohsuke , Fukumoto Masanori , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Sato Takaki , Kobayashi Takatoshi , Kida Teruyo , Nakajima Masayuki , Ikeda Tsunehiko
Published: March 2016

Purpose: To report a case of intraocular erosion and intrusion by an Arruga suture. Case Report: This study involved a 62-year-old male who had undergone scleral buckling surgery 40 or more years ago at another hospital for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, as well as trabeculectomy 20 years ago for primary open-angle glaucoma, in his left eye at the same hospital. However, he recently became aware of blurred vision in that eye. Upon examination, iritis was observed in the anterior portion of his left eye, as well as a great number of pigment cell keratoprecipitates on the posterior surface of the cornea. In the ocular fundus, extensive atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium and partial hyperpigmentation was observed, accompanied by subretinal strands, yet the retina remained attached. Around the entire peripheral area of the retina we observed a ring-shaped protrusion, but we also saw a shiny, filamentous material in the vitreous cavity that penetrated the sclera and choroid, completely extending from the 4- to 8-o'clock position of the scleral buckle protrusion. To treat the iritis in the patient's left eye, we began to administrate low-concentration steroid eye drops, after which the inflammation disappeared. Conclusion: In this study, we experienced a case of intraocular erosion and intrusion by an Arruga suture, and opted to treat the patient with steroid eye drops and conservative follow-up observations unless retinal redetachment and/or vitreous hemorrhage occurs.
Evolution of Mitral Valve Prolapse
Authors: Delling Francesca N. , Rong Jian , Larson Martin G. , Lehman Birgitta , Fuller Deborah , Osypiuk Ewa , Stantchev Plamen , Hackman Brianne , Manning Warren J. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Levine Robert A. , Vasan Ramachandran S.
Published: March 2016

Background—

Longitudinal studies of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) progression among unselected individuals in the community, including those with nondiagnostic MVP morphologies (NDMs), are lacking.

Methods and Results—

We measured longitudinal changes in annular diameter, leaflet displacement, thickness, anterior/posterior leaflet projections onto the annulus, coaptation height, and mitral regurgitation jet height in 261 Framingham Offspring participants at examination 5 who had available follow-up imaging 3 to 16 years later. Study participants included MVP (n=63); NDMs, minimal systolic displacement (n=50) and the abnormal anterior coaptation phenotype (n=10, with coaptation height >40% of the annulus similar to posterior MVP); plus 138 healthy referents without MVP or NDMs. At follow-up, individuals with MVP (52% women, 57±11 years) had greater increases of leaflet displacement, thickness, and jet height than referents (all
P
<0.05). Eleven participants with MVP (17%) had moderate or more severe mitral regurgitation (jet height ≥5 mm) and 5 others (8%) underwent mitral valve repair. Of the individuals with NDM, 8 (80%) participants with abnormal anterior coaptation progressed to posterior MVP; 17 (34%) subjects with minimal systolic displacement were reclassified as either posterior MVP (12) or abnormal anterior coaptation (5). In comparison with the 33 participants with minimal systolic displacement who did not progress, the 17 who progressed had greater leaflet displacement, thickness, coaptation height, and mitral regurgitation jet height (all
P
<0.05).

Conclusions—

NDM may evolve into MVP, highlighting the clinical significance of mild MVP expression. MVP progresses to significant mitral regurgitation over a period of 3 to 16 years in one-fourth of individuals in the community. Changes in mitral leaflet morphology are associated with both NDM and MVP progression.
The Legality of Liberal Revolution
Authors: Partlett William
Published: March 2016

Since the fall of communism, liberals have sought to reclaim the mantle of revolution. This new age of liberal revolution, they argue, culminates in a transformative ‘moment’ when the people unite to throw off their shackles and establish a democratic constitution. These founding moments are therefore extraordinary periods of unconstrained politics, where the sovereign people transcend the formal borders of institutionalized politics and legality to draft the constitutional boundaries of their new liberal order. Russian President Boris El’tsin placed his violent and illegal dissolution of the Russian Parliament and period of authoritarian dictatorship within this tradition of liberal revolution. Throughout 1993, El’tsin justified his decision to disband Parliament as the necessary action of an agent of the people in a period of extraordinary (and extralegal) politics. Western commentators have generally placed Russia’s constitutional foundation within this revolutionary paradigm of extraordinary politics. In Russia, however, both El’tsin’s methods and this revolutionary tradition are increasingly viewed with suspicion. This viewpoint is best expressed in the writing of the Chairman of the Russian Constitutional Court, Valerii Zor’kin. Steeped in the anti-revolutionary ideology of the late tsarist Russian constitutionalists, Chairman Zor’kin argues that El’tsin’s actions at the Russian founding helped spawn a culture of lawlessness that has undermined Russian democracy. Although Zor’kin’s approach is flawed, it is an important reminder for liberal constitutional thinkers to reexamine the concrete effects of a desire for a democratically pure founding moment.
Transitional Justice in Chechnya: NGO Political Advocacy for Implementing Chechen Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: van der Vet Freek
Published: March 2016

This article asserts that Russian nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) contribute to processes of transitional justice in Chechnya through their litigation in front at the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). Having delivered more than 200 judgments on atrocities which occurred during the two recent conflicts in Chechnya, the ECtHR has repeatedly ruled that the state should pay financial compensation to the victims. While the Russian Federation has been following through on such payments, human-rights monitors allege that domestic authorities have failed to take active measures to address the atrocities themselves.

Through a qualitative interview study with Russian lawyers and NGO representatives, this article seeks to scrutinize how NGOs have been using the ECtHR’s mechanisms and judgments by way of leverage to initiate processes of transitional justice in post-conflict Chechnya. It appears that the ECtHR is not an end-station for human-rights claims and individual grievances but, rather, the start of a series of further claims. NGOs: (a) engage in political advocacy in implementing the judgments; and (b) create leverage for the criminal prosecution of perpetrators.
Migrating with Colonial and Post-Colonial Memories: Dynamics of Racial Interactions within Zimbabwe’s Minority Communities in Britain
Authors: Zembe Christopher Roy
Published: March 2016

Upon attaining independence on 18 April 1980, the Zimbabwean government was faced with the challenge of eradicating prejudices, which had been constructed during the colonial era. Whilst it is correct to accept that colonial Zimbabwe was beset with racial prejudices, which inhibited interracial interactions, it is also essential to recognise that post-colonial events triggered socialisation processes devoid of nation building. Therefore, by exploring the dynamics of interactions within Zimbabwe’s minority communities in Britain, the paper will unravel the impact of memories constructed during the different phases of Zimbabwe’s history. By focusing exclusively on Whites, Coloureds (mixed-race) and Asians, it will demonstrate that the Zimbabwean immigrant community in Britain is not a monolithic group of Blacks, but a racially diverse community. Analysing the diaspora interactions of communities considered more privileged than Blacks during the colonial era provides a perspective on the complexities of eradicating historically constructed racial prejudices.
Moving German-Speaking Theatre: Artists and Movement 1850–1950
Authors: Sonnleitner Ute
Published: March 2016

This article presents the ‘movement of artists’ from 1850 to 1950, an aspect of migration which did not historically attract much attention. The mobility of actors and actresses, singers, and dancers was taken for granted. The public did not pay much attention to the ongoing migratory movements in the entertainment industry, despite their importance to the theatre and its members. Well-known ‘stars’ were admired as gods and goddesses of the stage, while wandering artists were considered drifters. The relevance of intersectional relations becomes apparent. Furthermore, this article analyses mechanisms of perception and representation, exemplifying structures using the example of the theatre season of 1882–1883 and the appearances of Sarah Bernhardt, Franziska Ellmenreich, and Josefine Gallmeyer in Graz (Styria, Austria).
Demographic outcomes during colonisation: Migration and mortality among indigenous and non-indigenous populations in nineteenth-century Sweden
Authors: Vikström Lotta , Marklund Emil , Sandström Glenn
Published: March 2016

Due to insufficient historical population data, there is limited knowledge about the demographic outcomes of colonisation. This study provides demographic evidence of the difficulties faced by the Sami – an indigenous population in Sweden – during nineteenth-century colonisation, as indicated by (1) high risks of migration and (2) low survival rates compared to non-Sami. The digitised parish registers of the Demographic Data Base (Umeå University) provide longitudinal, individual-level data on migration, mortality, and ethnic origin. Event history analysis reveals that the Sami were vulnerable, with a higher mortality rate than non-Sami, and that they were more prone to migrate from areas overcrowded due to an increased competition for land. However, regardless of ethnic origin, it was primarily the settlers who migrated, and who ran the lowest mortality risks. This result suggests a ‘healthy settler effect’, and diverse consequences of colonisation that did not always follow ethnic lines.
Taxonomy of the winged popcorn flower: Cryptantha pterocarya (Boraginaceae)
Authors: MABRY MAKENZIE E. , DOWDY REGINA A. , SIMPSON LEE M. , REBMAN JON P. , SIMPSON MICHAEL G.
Published: March 2016

Cryptantha pterocarya (Boraginaceae), the winged nut popcorn flower, is distinguished in part by nutlets with marginal, typically lobed wings. Four varieties of this species have been accepted in recent treatments: vars. cycloptera, pterocarya, purpusii, and stenoloba. We tested the taxonomic discreteness, degree of variation, and geographic range of these varieties of C. pterocarya by examining material from numerous voucher specimens. We quantified differences among specimens by measuring or calculating twenty features of the corolla and fruit, the latter focusing on mature (fruiting) calyx and nutlet characteristics. Type specimens of all four varieties were examined and quantified, and all specimens were georeferenced and mapped. From our observations and measurements, we recognize two new morphological forms in the complex, termed the “pseudocycloptera” form and the “truncata” form. The “pseudocycloptera” form is similar to var. pterocarya but is homomorphic, with all four nutlets winged. The “truncata” form is similar to var. cycloptera, but is heteromorphic, with the odd nutlet having a reduced basal wing (somewhat truncate in shape) and having a slightly reduced gynobase stipe. We conclude that C. p. var. pterocarya, var. purpusii, and var. stenoloba should continue to be recognized as taxa at that rank. The “pseudocycloptera” form, although generally morphologically discrete in nutlet heteromophism, shows some intergradation, even within a specimen, of the typical form of C. p. var. pterocarya and exhibits no clear geographic discontinuity; it should thus be recognized as a homomorphic form of that taxon, which we formally name forma pseudocycloptera. Variety purpusii should continue to be recognized at that rank given its variation in nutlet wing morphology but with continuity in geographic range. Variety stenoloba should also continue to be recognized at this rank given its distinctive calyx and nutlet body size and shape, but having a quite limited geographic range. We conclude that what has been most commonly recognized as C. pterocarya var. cycloptera should be resurrected to the rank of species, as C. cycloptera, because of the distinctiveness of this taxon in three, discrete morphological characters, one of which (gynobase stipe) was previously undescribed. The “truncata” form, which shows some intergradation with C. cycloptera and lacks geographic discontinuity, should be recognized as a heteromorphic form of C. cycloptera, which we formally name forma truncata. A revised key is proposed to better accommodate the identity of these taxa and forms. We hope that future molecular studies will elucidate the phylogenetic relationships, character evolution, and geographic history of this interesting taxonomic complex.
Solidago ×snarskisii nothosp. nov. (Asteraceae) from Lithuania and its position in the infrageneric classification of the genus
Authors: GUDŽINSKAS ZIGMANTAS , ŽALNERAVIČIUS EGIDIJUS
Published: March 2016

A natural hybrid between the native Solidago virgaurea and the alien invasive S. gigantea, recorded in South Lithuania, is described as S. ×snarskisii nothosp. nov. A new nothosubsection, Solidago sect. Solidago nothosubsect. Triplidago nothosubsect. nov., is proposed to accommodate this hybrid and S. ×niederederi.
Remarks and clarifications on the type material of Ximenesia encelioides (Verbesina encelioides; Asteraceae, Heliantheae), with a new lectotype designation
Authors: CRESPO MANUEL B. , ALONSO Mª ÁNGELES
Published: March 2016

In a recent paper, the name Ximenesia encelioides was lectotypified on material conserved at MA. However, the selected “lectotype” includes several fragments collected at three different times, and that herbarium sheet is therefore to be considered to contain three different specimens as defined in Art. 8.2 of the International Code of Nomenclature of algae, fungi and plants. This fact makes that “lectotype” invalid since contrary to Art. 8.1, and hence the previous lectotypification is to be disregarded. Accordingly, a new lectotype is designated for that name, currently accepted as Verbesina encelioides.
A revision of the Old World species of Leptopsilopa Cresson (Insecta: Diptera: Ephydridae)
Authors: ZATWARNICKI TADEUSZ , CIELNIAK MAGDALENA , POCHRZĄST KATARZYNA
Published: March 2016

Diagnoses and illustrations of three Leptopsilopa species known in the Old World: L. africana Cresson, L. mutabilis Cresson and L. pollinosa (Kertesz) are provided. Three new synonyms are proposed: L. aurata (Canzoneri and Meneghini) and L. tibialis (Canzoneri and Meneghini) = L. africana; Psilopa confeteae Canzoneri and Munari = L. pollinosa. Three other species are removed from Leptopsilopa and combined with Athyroglossa, as A. leonensis (Canzoneri and Rampini), new combination, A. mianii (Canzoneri) new combination and A. rossii (Canzoneri and Raffone), new combination.
Novel evolutionary lineages in Labeobarbus (Cypriniformes; Cyprinidae) based on phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA sequences
Authors: BESHERA KEBEDE A. , HARRIS PHILLIP M. , MAYDEN RICHARD L.
Published: March 2016

Phylogenetic relationships within Labeobarbus, the large-sized hexaploid cyprinids, were examined using cytochrome b gene sequences from a broad range of geographic localities and multiple taxa. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods revealed novel lineages from previously unsampled drainages in central (Congo River), eastern (Genale River) and southeastern (Revue and Mussapa Grande rivers) Africa. Relationships of some species of Varicorhinus in Africa (excluding ‘V.’ maroccanus) render Labeobarbus as paraphyletic. ‘Varicorhinus’ beso, ‘V.’ jubae, ‘V.’ mariae, ‘V.’ nelspruitensis, and ‘V.’ steindachneri are transferred to Labeobarbus. Bayesian estimation of time to most recent common ancestor suggested that Labeobarbus originated in the Late Miocene while lineage diversification began during the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene and continued to the late Pleistocene. The relationships presented herein provide phylogenetic resolution within Labeobarbus and advances our knowledge of genetic diversity within the lineage as well as provides some interesting insight into the hydrographic and geologic history of Africa.