bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE DOCTRINE OF «INHERENT POWERS»: CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL CHALLENGES VS. AN INTEGRAL LEGAL TRADITION? (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE US LEGAL SYSTEM)
Authors: Reminska Julia
Published: July 2022

The principle of separation of powers has always remained and still remains the most important legal mechanism of an effective system of checks and balances between different branches of government. Its main functional purpose is to ensure the independence and autonomy of all branches of state power. In particular, constitutional legislator exclude the possibility of concentration of powers by enshrining a set of constitutional and legal guarantees in governing institutions' legal status. However, in practice, situations often arise when the implementation of certain powers serves as the reason for the serious constitutional and legal conflicts in terms of the implementation by a state body of tasks that are extrinsic for its constitutional nature.

Therefore, it is scientifically and practically significant to investigate the experience of the United States in the sphere of control over the constitutionality of normative acts, adopted as a result of the exercise of the so-called inherent powers. The author focused on the analysis of the legal positions of American courts on the implementation of inherent powers, both by Congress as the US legislative body and by the judicial authorities.

The main results of the suggested study include the following. The doctrine of the inherent powers of the US Congress is based on three restrictive principles: 1) the means chosen by the government (enshrined in the normative legal act) must directly lead to the achievement of the constitutional goal; 2) when determining the means necessary to achieve the constitutional goal, there must be a requirement of good faith in the choice of such means; 3) the means used must be directly correlated with the goal contained in the text of the constitution itself, that is, be proportional. In the context of the implementation of the inherent powers by the judicial authorities, it is summarized that the investigated doctrine reflects the essence of the procedural competency of the court and should be considered as an important component of its independence, as well as the effective administration of justice in general.

As a conclusion, the author argues that the issue of whether the implementation of certain inherent powers is «constitutionally verified», constitutional review body should consider three basic requirements, the essence of which lies in the certain scope of basic law norms, as the latter stipulates the status and functions of a certain public authority.

Key words: constitutional doctrine, inherent powers, the US legal system, constitutionality of acts of public authorities, judicial practice.
PENERAPAN DATA MINING PEMASARAN PRODUK MENGGUNAKAN METODE CLUSTERING
Authors: Melladia Melladia , Putra Dian Eka , Muhelni Leila
Published: July 2022

This study aims to build a data mining application that is able to classify products marketed by companies to find out the products needed for the following month. This application groups non-hierarchical data which is designed to divide existing data into two or more groups so that the same data can be entered into other groups. In this study, the data used is data from PT Cipta Niaga Semesta Mayora Group and the method used is clustering. Data mining is computer-based data processing to gain knowledge. By using data mining, processing sales data at PT Cipta Niaga Semesta Mayora Group becomes easier and gains useful knowledge to take steps to face competition. For this reason, the company's management foresight is needed in choosing technology to help work so that the costs incurred are proportional to the company's opinion. The development of this framework is completed through several stages starting with the first data collection, followed by the second stage of application design, the third stage of the four stages of program development and program implementation. Using data mining applications can help PT Cipta Niaga Semesta categorize the products it sells so that the company can predict the product inventory needed for the following month. So with the new information the company can find out what products customers want.
SINERGISITAS PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA DAN HUKUM KENEGARAAN PADA LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS AGAMA
Authors: Hidayatulloh Bagus Anwar
Published: July 2022

Pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk memberikan pendidikan pancasila dan hukum kenegaraan di lembaga pendidikanÂ  berbasis agama. Bahwa penting sekali membekali pada lembaga-lembaga berbasis agama sebagai upaya sinergisitas antara agama dan negara.Bahwa ini mempunyai dua kementrian yang membidangi, yaitu Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan pada Lembaga PUAD nya dan Kementrian Agama pada Lembaga Taman Kanak-kanaknya. Sehingga perlu adanya sinergitas antara pendidikan yang bersifat nasional dan pendidikan yang bersifat keagamaan.Â  Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode penyuluhan berbasis presentasi atau ceramah. Pemaparannya menerapkan hal-hal yang akan dilaksanakan dengan mengedukasi bagaimana implikasi tentang sinergitas pendidikan pencasila dan kenegaraan dengan pendidikan agama. Sehingga perlu solusi adanya penyuluhan dan implementasi pada prakteknya faham terhadap sinergitas antara agama dan negara itu sendiri.
Neuroprotective effect of Hypericum perforatum extract against Aluminum-maltolate induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells
Authors: AKKUŞ Rabia Yaren , BİTMEZ Barış , KUŞOĞLU GÜLTEKİN Seda , ALBAYRAK İrem Gülfem , ÖZEN Fatih , DEVECİ Yiğit , SICAK Yusuf , AKALIN Emine , PİRHAN Ademi Fahri , ATASEVER ARSLAN Belkis
Published: July 2022

Alzheimer's disease is multi-component neurodegenerative disorder. Oxidative stress disrupts regular functioning of metabolism in early-onset Alzheimer's disease. It causes Tau phosphorylation, formation of neurofibrillary tangle and neuron reduction. Due to intense binding of phosphorylated amino acids to aluminum, it induces self-assembly and deposition of high degree of phosphorylated cytoskeletal proteins, such as microtubule and neurofilament-associated proteins. In this study, it is aimed to consider the antioxidant potential of Hypericum perforatum extract against neurotoxicity caused by Aluminum-maltolate (Al(mal)3) and its effects on APP gene expression. Four different groups were determined to observe the impact of H. perforatum extract. After the incubation of the cells for 24 hours, only the medium was placed in the first group as control. 500 μM Al(mal)3 was added to the second group of cells. 20 μg mL-1 Hypericum perforatum extract was added to the third group. For the fourth group, 20 μg mL-1 Hypericum perforatum extract and 500 μM Al(mal)3 were added. While Al(mal)3 increased total antioxidant status levels in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, H. perforatum extract significantly inhibited Al(mal)3 induced oxidative stress. On the other hand, H. perforatum extract significantly decreased APP gene expression levels depending on Al(mal)3 toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. According to these results, H. perforatum extract significantly inhibited Al(mal)3 neurotoxicity against SH-SY5Y cells. To determine synergistic and antagonistic effects of H. perforatum extract content is important to examine their specific effects of together with hyperforin, which is a phytochemical produced by some of the members of the plant genus Hypericum, to discover new therapeutic agents against neurodegeneration.
Faculae Cancel out on the Surfaces of Active Suns
Authors: Nèmec N.-E. , Shapiro A. I. , Işık E. , Sowmya K. , Solanki S. K. , Krivova N. A. , Cameron R. H. , Gizon L.
Published: July 2022

Surfaces of the Sun and other cool stars are filled with magnetic fields, which are either seen as dark compact spots or more diffuse bright structures like faculae. Both hamper detection and characterization of exoplanets, affecting stellar brightness and spectra, as well as transmission spectra. However, the expected facular and spot signals in stellar data are quite different, for instance, they have distinct temporal and spectral profiles. Consequently, corrections of stellar data for magnetic activity can greatly benefit from the insight on whether the stellar signal is dominated by spots or faculae. Here, we utilize a surface flux transport model to show that more effective cancellation of diffuse magnetic flux associated with faculae leads to spot area coverages increasing faster with stellar magnetic activity than that by faculae. Our calculations explain the observed dependence between solar spot and facular area coverages and allow its extension to stars that are more active than the Sun. This extension enables anticipating the properties of stellar signal and its more reliable mitigation, leading to a more accurate characterization of exoplanets and their atmospheres.
Evidence of transmission of influenza A and influenza B co-infection in healthcare workers
Authors: Luvira Viravarn , Thippornchai Narin , Leaungwutiwong Pornsawan , Siripoon Tanaya , Piroonamornpun Pittaya , Phumratanaprapin Weerapong , Iamsirithaworn Sopon
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Co-infection of influenza A and B has been reported, especially in outbreak situations, but epidemiological and clinical information is limited. We aimed to investigate an outbreak of influenza among health care workers in which the index case suffered from influenza A and B co-infection.

Methodology: We investigated the outbreak setting through the utilization of structural questionnaires, molecular methods, and serological tests.

Results: Among 13 persons, one index case and five confirmed secondary cases were confirmed. The overall influenza infection rate was 46.2% (6/13), with infection rates for influenza A and B at 38.5% (5/13) and 23.1% (3/13), respectively. Interestingly, one of the secondary cases had influenza A and B co-infection identical to the index case. There was no significant association between vaccination status and influenza infection.

Conclusions: This study unveils the demonstration of human-to-human influenza A and B co-infection transmission for the first time. Surveillance systems, combined with epidemiological case investigation comprising molecular diagnosis, should be strengthened for future influenza outbreak preparedness.
The COVEG score to predict severity and mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Authors: El-Kassas Mohamed , El Gaafary Maha , Elbadry Mohamed , Medhat Mohamed Ahmed , Dabbous Hany , Hassan Essam Ali , Abdelmoaty Ahmed , Karam-Allah Haidi , Sayed Hamdy , Abdalazeem Amr , Sherief Ahmed Fouad , Fares Eman , Alsadik Maha , Moustafa Ehab , Anwar Wagida , Abdelghaffar Hossam , Abdelghaffar Khaled
Published: July 2022

Introduction: COVID-19 severity and mortality predictors could determine admission criteria and reduce mortality. We aimed to evaluate the clinical-laboratory features of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 to develop a novel score of severity and mortality.
Methodology: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to five Egyptian university hospitals. Demographics, comorbidities, clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters, the duration of hospitalization, and disease outcome were analyzed, and a score to predict severity and mortality was developed.
Results: A total of 1308 patients with COVID-19, with 996 (76.1%) being moderate and 312 (23.9%) being severe cases, were included. The mean age was 46.5 ± 17.1 years, and 61.6% were males. The overall mortality was 12.6%. Regression analysis determined significant predictors, and a ROC curve defined cut-off values. The COVEG severity score was defined by age ≥ 54, D-dimer ≥ 0.795, serum ferritin ≥ 406, C-reactive protein ≥ 30.1, and neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio ≥ 2.88. The COVEG mortality score was based on COVEG severity and the presence of cardiac diseases. Both COVEG scores had high predictive values (area under the curve 0.882 and 0.883, respectively).
Conclusions: COVEG score predicts the severity and mortality of patients with COVID-19 accurately.
Development of Nutrition Education Module during Pregnancy and Evaluation Effectively Increase the Daily Energy Intake, Mid-Upper Arm Circumference, and Body Weight of Adolescent Pregnant Women
Authors: Halisah Halisah , Nur Armiyati , Taslim Nurpudji Astuti , Chalid Siti Maisuri , Juliaty Aidah , Mappaware Nasrudin Andi , Ahmad Mardiana , Hamid Firdaus , Alasiry Ema , Aminuddin Aminuddin , Thalib Kiki Uniatri , Suryadi Suryadi , Putri Jean Christy Ade , Hermanses Siti Suharni , Akbar Fredy K.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: The nutritional status and health of pregnant women are determinants of perinatal growth and the welfare of neonates. Therefore, efforts to prevent fetal growth disorders start from the time of pregnancy, one of which is through increasing knowledge of pregnant women.

AIM: This study aims to produce educational media products in the form of modules and measures their effectiveness on daily energy intake, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and weight of pregnant women.

METHODS: The research method uses the stages of Research and Development. The module development stages consist of product analysis, initial product development, expert test validation (materials and media), small sample trials, and large sample trials. The large sample trial used a quasi-experimental.

RESULTS: After receiving education through the module, pregnant women’s daily energy intake increased by 3629.6 kcal, MUAC increased by 2.55 cm, and body weight increased by 7.47 kg, with a significance p < 0.05.

CONCLUSION: The pregnancy nutrition module is effective in increasing pregnant women’s daily energy intake, MUAC size, and weight. Further research was conducted using the nutrition module during pregnancy as a medium of education on the family approach to increasing pregnant women’s nutritional intake through family and community support.
Phytochemical and Antioxidant Profile: Cucumber Pulp and Leaves Extracts
Authors: Insanu Muhamad , Zahra Aliya Azkia , Sabila Nurma , Silviani Velina , Haniffadli Ariranur , Rizaldy Defri , Fidrianny Irda
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: Many vegetables and fruits have been shown to be sources of antioxidant such as lemons, apples, cabbage, mangoes, beets, and guavas   AIM: This research aimed to determine antioxidant activity of Cucumis sativus L. (cucumber) pulp and leaves extracts using DPPH and CUPRAC methods, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), correlation of TPC and TFC on antioxidant activity, correlation between the two methods, identification of marker, and total marker content.   METHODS: Antioxidant activity was examined by determining IC50 and AAI of DPPH and EC50 and AAI of CUPRAC. TFC and TPC was measured using UV-visible spectrophotometer. Correlation of TPC and TFC on antioxidant activity was analysed by Pearson’s method.   RESULTS: AAI of DPPH of cucumber pulp and leaves extracts in the range of 0.22 - 2.18, whereas AAI of CUPRAC 0.07 - 0.95. All extracts showed antioxidant activity. Ethyl acetate cucumber pulp extract had highest antioxidant by DPPH assay, whereas n-hexane cucumber leaves extract had highest antioxidant activity by CUPRAC assay. Ethyl acetate cucumber leaves extract had highest TFC value (21.47 g QE/100 g) and TPC value (2.34 g GAE/100 g). Flavonoids in cucumber pulp extract contributed to antioxidant activity of CUPRAC method and phenolic compounds in cucumber pulp extract gave a contribution to antioxidant activity of DPPH method. Quercetin content as marker in ethanol cucumber pulp extract was 0.00114%. AAI CUPRAC and DPPH of cucumber leaves extract showed positive correlation but not significant.   CONCLUSION: Antioxidant activity between CUPRAC and DPPH methods on cucumber extracts were not linear.
Genotyping of Probiotic Lactobacilli in Nigerian Fermented Condiments for Improved Food Safety
Authors: Obafemi Yemisi , Oranusi Solomon , Oluseyi Ajanaku Kolawole , Akinduti Paul
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: Plant-based naturally fermented condiments usually result in poor quality products with various bacteria and fungi contaminants. Previous reports suggested the use of starter cultures from previously fermented condiments in fermentation processes to ensure health-promoting benefits, improved quality, shelf life, and organoleptic properties for the achievement of healthy nutrition, safe, and quality food. AIM: This study aimed to genotype potential lactobacilli from locally fermented condiments for improved food safety. METHODS: The lactobacilli colonies isolated from fermented condiments purchased from food markets in Southwest Nigeria were profiled for probiotic activities, hemolytic activities, antibiotics susceptibility, and inhibitory activities against food pathogens. Interesting probiotic lactobacilli were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and evaluated for phylogenetic relatedness with other globally reported probiotic lactobacilli. RESULTS: Lactobacillus species which expressed significant probiotics, γ-hemolysis, anti-spoilage, and anti-listerial activities (P < 0.05) with tolerable safety profiles were identified as Lactiplantibacillus plajomi YD001 (MW280136), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum YD002 (MW280139), L. plantarum YD003 (MW280137), and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei YD004 (MW280138) possessed 50.75, 50.61, 50.75, and 52.54 mol% DNA G+C contents, respectively. The species clustered into different phylogroups with high clonal relatedness with other potential lactobacilli meta-data (≥96.80%) obtained from the public repository. CONCLUSION: Obtained genotyped Lactobacillus species are potential starter cultures for improved fermentation processes, control of food pathogens, and spoilage organisms.
Prevalence Anxiety Family Members of Patients Admitted to Inpatient Hospital Room during Pandemic COVID-19
Authors: Prima Ashar , Harahap Desrinah , Lanahdiana Lu’lua , Ilyas Asmiana Saputri , Rambu Sitti Herliyanti , Hermawan Adi , Andas Netty Huzniati , Andas Amzal Mortin
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: Anxiety is confusion or worry about something that is not certain with unclear causes, causing feelings of uncertainty and powerlessness over the assessment of an object. Based on data at Izza Hospital, the number of patients who were hospitalized in July was 427 patients. The increasing number of patients in inpatient rooms during the COVID-19 pandemic caused psychological shocks to family members which caused anxiety. AIM: The purpose of this study was to find out the description of family anxiety in the inpatient room during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The design of this research is descriptive analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study was the entire family of patients who were treated in inpatient rooms during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a total sample of 96 respondents using a consecutive sampling technique. This study used a visual analog scale for anxiety (VAS-A) questionnaire to measure the respondents’ level of anxiety. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that the patient’s family in the hospital inpatient room experienced mild anxiety 42 respondents (43.8%), with an average age of 40-44 years (n = 18; 0.19%), female gender (n = 51; 0.53), respondents’ education (n = 53; 0.55), work (n = 57; 0.6), nuclear family (n = 83; 0.09). CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study that the prevalence of anxiety in family members mostly experienced mild anxiety with a total of 42 (43.8%) respondents.
Embarquée, empathique, créative: une éthique protestante dans le débat public. Gestes et méthodes à la lecture d’André Dumas
Authors: Lavignotte Stéphane
Published: July 2022

Figure du protestantisme français et de ses engagements dans le monde dans les années 1960 à 1990, André Dumas n’a pas laissé d’ouvrage résumant son éthique et la méthode de celle-ci. Cette recherche, à partir des archives personnelles de cet intellectuel et de ses textes d’interventions publiques, en dégage les gestes pour les proposer comme une méthode pour aujourd’hui. Il s’agit d’inviter le protestantisme à reprendre part au débat public en sortant du piège consistant à maudire ou bénir les évolutions de la société, et véritablement les penser depuis leur réalité, en particulier le vécu des personnes concernées.
Gouvernance multi-niveaux de la crise de la Covid-19 en France, quels échecs et réussites ?
Authors: Du Boys Céline , Bertolucci Marius
Published: July 2022

Cet article étudie la façon dont la France, modèle de centralisme, a réagi lors de la première phase de la crise de la Covid-19 entre janvier et octobre 2020. Le cadre théorique des relations intergouvernementales est mobilisé pour réfléchir les réussites et les échecs de notre système administrativo-politique face à la pandémie. L’article s’appuie sur une analyse qualitative et quantitative des rapports et discours publiés par les acteurs institutionnels pendant la crise et montre des relations en tension permanente entre une hyper-centralisation et le développement d’une gouvernance horizontale plus souple et réactive.
Gestion de la crise par les Établissements d’Hébergement pour Personnes Agées Dépendantes (EHPAD) : rôle des réseaux d’acteurs sur le territoire
Authors: Bikourane Nabil , Masou Roula
Published: July 2022

Dans cette recherche, nous étudions le rôle du réseau et sa capacité à faire face à la crise sanitaire actuelle au sein des Établissements d’Hébergement pour Personnes Agées Dépendantes (EHPAD), très impactés par cette pandémie. A travers des entretiens menés avec des dirigeants d’établissements, nous avons pu mettre en exergue le rôle des réseaux d’acteurs pour promouvoir des pratiques innovantes, améliorer la réactivité des établissements et renforcer leur résilience.
Le management bienveillant peut-il être un levier de gestion de la crise Covid-19 ? Le cas d’un EHPAD associatif
Authors: Bruyère Christelle , Massard Nelly
Published: July 2022

La crise sanitaire liée à la pandémie de Covid-19 renforce les vulnérabilités de chacun en mettant plus que jamais en avant la nécessité d’une collaboration pour s’en sortir. Pour autant, il ne s’agit pas de percevoir cette vulnérabilité comme une faiblesse mais, bien au contraire, comme une force, dont les principes sous-jacents sont la confiance, l’écoute, la collaboration et la reconnaissance. Ces principes posent les fondements d’un management dit « bienveillant ». Dans quelle mesure la capacité de résilience se trouve-t-elle renforcée par un management bienveillant ? Est-il tenable en temps de crise ? Une étude exploratoire d’un EHPAD associatif réputé pour ses pratiques managériales centrées sur le « care » nous permet d’en tirer des leçons d’expérience.
Les valeurs du New Public Management et de la Nouvelle Gouvernance Publique, un frein ou une chance pour la gestion de crise de la Covid-19 en France ? Illustration dans le cas des établissements hospitaliers
Authors: Pupion Pierre-Charles
Published: July 2022

L’article montre en quoi le changement de système de référence porté par trente années de réformes administratives a profondément impacté la capacité des administrations à faire face à la crise. En vertu des principes d’efficience et de concurrence portés par le New Public Management, l’État a réduit le slack disponible et la capacité des établissements à assurer la continuité des services publics en temps de crise. A contrario , les principes inscrits dans la nouvelle gouvernance comme ceux de responsabilité, de territorialisation, de coopération et de transparence ont grandement accru la capacité des établissements à faire face à la crise.
Gender matters ? Genre et histoire de la négociation
Authors: Péquignot Stéphane , Schaub Marie-Karine
Published: July 2022

Cet article est un essai de synthèse sur les travaux récents en histoire médiévale et moderne qui se situent à la croisée des études de genre et de celles concernant l’histoire de la négociation. Ces recherches ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives dans les deux domaines. Après avoir rappelé l’utilisation d’outils théoriques comme « l’agentivité » ou « l’intersectionnalité » dans les travaux menés en sociologie ou en psychologie du travail, l’article propose un tableau des approches novatrices qui, dans les ouvrages historiques, repensent les rapports entre les hommes et les femmes dans leurs différentes pratiques de négociations. Sont ainsi abordées les pratiques politiques ou diplomatiques, les espaces d’action des femmes au pouvoir, d’aristocrates ou d’épouses de diplomates, leur usage des réseaux épistolaires mais aussi les capacités d’action des femmes dans les mondes multiples du travail. Les approches actuelles développées au croisement de l’histoire du genre et de la négociation, particulièrement riches, font notamment apparaître avec force comment, dans les sociétés d’Ancien Régime, les femmes contournaient certaines formes de la domination masculine dans la sphère publique comme dans la sphère privée, comment elles pouvaient en jouer et instrumentaliser les qualités « féminines » qui leur étaient communément attribuées.
Non-synchronized solutions to nonlinear elliptic Schrödinger systems on a closed Riemannian manifold
Authors: Mazumdar Saikat , Vétois Jérôme
Published: July 2022

On a smooth, closed Riemannian manifold, we study the question of proportionality of components, also called synchronization, of vector-valued solutions to nonlinear elliptic Schrödinger systems with constant coefficients. In particular, we obtain bifurcation results showing the existence of branches of non-synchronized solutions emanating from the constant solutions.
La codificación lingüística de la subjetividad en la Nufāḍat al-ǧirāb de Ibn al-Ḫaṭīb: verbos, emociones y adjetivos evaluativos
Authors: Jreis-Navarro Laila M.
Published: July 2022

Este trabajo analiza el lenguaje subjetivo empleado por el intelectual y político andalusí Lisān al-Dīn Ibn al-Ḫaṭīb (m. 1375) en su obra de exilio Nufāḍat al-ǧirāb. El objetivo es explorar la utilidad de un enfoque lingüístico en la comprensión del lugar que ocupa este texto dentro del proceso de transición cultural del Occidente islámico hacia el paradigma moderno europeo. El estudio se divide en tres partes: en la primera, se hace una breve introducción al autor, a su contexto socio-político y al contenido de la obra; en la segunda, se plantea una metodología cuantitativo-cualitativa a través de la cual se estructura el texto misceláneo digitalizado en función de sus géneros y se especifica un esquema de anotación que permite extraer las instancias de los fenómenos lingüísticos más destacados; y en la tercera, se procede al análisis de los datos obtenidos en torno a la acción, la emoción y la evaluación. El análisis muestra una compleja codificación de la subjetividad en la Nufāḍa donde, a diferencia del Taʿrīf de Ibn Ḫaldūn, las marcas de expresión en primera persona, aunque significativas, son escasas. Sin embargo, se identifica un abundante uso de adjetivos evaluativos a lo largo de la obra, con una riqueza léxica que permite revelar de forma explícita el punto de vista del sujeto autor. Este hallazgo demuestra la utilidad de una metodología híbrida en la aproximación a textos histórico-literarios premodernos, así como la necesidad de incorporar el análisis lingüístico, empírico y comparativo al estudio de la transición epistemológica señalada.
Corporazioni e mutamenti produttivi in Lombardia
Authors: Del Bo Beatrice
Published: July 2022

Per arricchire il quadro interpretativo ed esplicativo della congiuntura tardo duecentesca e dell’espansione delle lavorazioni tessili lombardo-toscane, in questo saggio si analizzano le metamorfosi della produzione di questo settore avvenute nelle città lombarde tra la fine del Due e l’inizio del Trecento, decenni considerati tradizionalmente di crisi. Il focus è costituito dai momenti di svolta e di cambiamento di tali manifatture – modifiche della produzione e conversioni –, indagati alla luce del ruolo svolto dalle corporazioni di mestiere e dalle Mercanzie. Si presta attenzione, dunque, più che ai fattori di crisi che possano aver determinato cambiamenti nella produzione, al peso dell’elemento politico, incarnato anche dalle corporazioni, nel loro sviluppo e sostegno.
Commercio e banca in Lombardia
Authors: Tognetti Sergio
Published: July 2022

l saggio prende in esame l’evoluzione economica delle città lombarde tra gli ultimi decenni del Duecento e la fine del XIV secolo. All’interno di un’area geografica assai più ampia rispetto alla regione attuale (quindi comprensiva di porzioni del Piemonte, dell’Emilia e del Veneto) si evidenziano due tipologie di sviluppi economici urbani: una, a nord del Po, contrassegnata da una maggiore e persistente importanza del settore manifatturiero, l’altra, a sud del grande fiume, decisamente più orientata verso attività commerciali e bancarie, talora esercitate su scala internazionale. La crisi dei decenni centrali del Trecento, unita all’espansionismo visconteo, colpirà soprattutto questo secondo modello. Le città di Piacenza, Alessandria, Asti e Chieri, di fronte all’aumento della concorrenza e all’emergere della potenza politica e commerciale milanese, entrarono in una fase di recessione, più o meno con le stesse modalità di centri toscani come Siena, Pistoia e Arezzo posti di fronte all’egemonia fiorentina. Più roseo fu invece il destino di città quali Como, Bergamo e Brescia, il cui solido comparto industriale si adattò con successo alle trasformazioni istituzionali ed economiche tardo medievali.

The essay examines the economic evolution of the Lombard cities between the last decades of the XIIIth century and the end of the XIVth century. Within a much wider geographical area than the current region (therefore including portions of Piedmont, Emilia and Veneto) there are two types of urban economic developments: one, north of the Po, marked by a greater and persistent importance of the manufacturing sector, the other, south of the great river, decidedly more oriented towards trade and banking, sometimes exercised on an international scale. The crisis of the central decades of the XIVth century, combined with Visconti expansionism, will especially affect this second model. The cities of Piacenza, Alessandria, Asti and Chieri, faced with the increase in competition and the emergence of the Milanese political and commercial power, entered a phase of recession, more or less in the same way as in Tuscany, such as Siena, Pistoia and Arezzo facing the Florentine hegemony. The destiny of cities such as Como, Bergamo and Brescia was more rosy, whose solid industrial sector successfully adapted to the late medieval institutional and economic transformations.
La chiesa di San Zulian a Venezia nel Cinquecento
Authors: Sapienza Valentina
Published: July 2022

La chiesa di San Zulian sorge a pochi passi da piazza San Marco forse già nel lontano IX secolo. Interamente ricostruita dopo il 1105, quando un incendio l’aveva letteralmente devastata, l’edificio è di nuovo in rovina nel 1553. Interviene allora il celebre medico Tommaso Rangone da Ravenna, in cerca di un luogo – un altro – che potesse perpetuarne la memoria presso i posteri. Grazie alle ingenti donazioni messe a disposizione dal generoso finanziatore, cui sarà concesso in cambio il diritto di sepoltura presso la cappella maggiore, la facciata e poi l’edificio tutto quanto vengono interamente ricostruiti su progetto di Jacopo Sansovino. Così la statua bronzea di Tommaso, opera di Alessandro Vittoria, con in mano un ramo di salsapariglia e uno di guaiaco (le piante medicinali deputate, secondo le sue scoperte, alla cura della sifilide), finisce per trionfare sul portale maggiore di San Zulian.

Se di queste vicende si sono occupati in molti, quasi nulla si sapeva del contesto socio-culturale in cui rinacque uno degli edifici più interessanti della Venezia del Cinquecento. Chi erano i membri della comunità di San Zulian? Chi sedeva tra i banchi del Santissimo Sacramento o della scuola dei Merciai? Chi fra i «zentilhomeni» e «i più i vechi et degni» cittadini della parrocchia era stato prescelto per la carica a vita di procuratore di chiesa? Chi contribuì alle vaste imprese decorative che videro attivi alcuni tra i più importanti pittori, scultori e architetti dell’epoca? E chi tenne le fila di questa gigantesca «opera corale», in cui la pittura sembra talvolta relegata a un rango inferiore?

Grazie a uno spoglio meticoloso dell’archivio parrocchiale di San Zulian e grazie ad alcune preziose carte dell’Archivio di Stato di Venezia, grazie a una lettura attenta delle opere d’arte ancora in situ, capaci spesso di rivelare ciò che i documenti tacciono, sono stati ricostruiti nel dettaglio il contesto di alcune delle confraternite presenti in chiesa, il funzionamento dell’immenso cantiere che occupò la comunità parrocchiale per almeno una trentina d’anni, i meccanismi di finanziamento delle imprese artistiche, il ruolo della comunità bergamasca e quello di almeno un altro praticamente sconosciuto mecenate, che da quella comunità proveniva: il merciaio/mercante/assicuratore di navi Gerolamo Vignola.
The value of iron: examples of commercial documents from medieval Sweden
Authors: Gejrot Claes
Published: July 2022

This paper deals with the preserved documentary sources providing us with information about the iron trade in medieval Sweden. Some basic facts and definitions will be presented and explained in a first part. After this, the commercial aspects of Swedish medieval iron production will be exemplified, especially by the charter material, but in addition to this, customs registers and some other sources will be used. At the centre of the investigation we find a group of typical charters from the 1360s and 1370s. The charters concern various sections of the iron trade and have been divided into separate categories. The paper also shows the national and international influence of the most important monastic institution in Sweden in the late Middle Ages, the Birgittines of Vadstena Abbey, with large economic interests in the growing iron trade.
Cette contribution traite des sources documentaires informant sur le commerce du fer dans la Suède médiévale. La première partie présente des données factuelles et des définitions fondamentales. Puis les aspects commerciaux de la production médiévale de fer sont illustrés, en particulier à l’aide de chartes, auxquels on ajoute des registres de douane et d’autres types de sources. Au cœur de cette enquête, on trouve un corpus exemplaire de chartes datées des décennies 1360 et 1370. Elles concernent différentes étapes du commerce du fer et sont réparties en diverses catégories. L’article insiste par ailleurs sur le rôle national et international de la plus importante institution monastique de la Suède médiévale, les Brigittines de l’abbaye de Vadstena, qui possédaient d’importants intérêts économiques dans un commerce du fer alors en plein essor.
Sources écrites relatives au commerce en Hongrie aux XIe-XIIIe siècle
Authors: Solymosi László
Published: July 2022

Les premières sources écrites de Hongrie remontent à l’époque de la formation du Royaume de Hongrie au tournant du premier millénaire. Pendant 200 ans, elles restent rares à cause des destructions produites par l’invasion des Mongols (1241-1242) et aussi parce que l’épanouissement complet de l’écriture ne s’accomplit qu’au XIIIe siècle, parallèlement au développement de l’État et de la société. Toutefois, les sources linguistiques et historiques relatives au commerce sont extrêmement variées. Ces documents traitent des questions du commerce, en particulier l’organisation des marchés et des foires, de la perception des douanes, de la provision des privilèges commerciaux, de la consommation de produits, de l’exportation et des recours au crédit. La majorité des sources sont émises par la cour royale (lois, chartes, contrats), ce qui est dû à l’absence d’institution notariale et au fait que l’écriture urbaine ne commencera qu’au milieu du XIIIe siècle.
The first written sources of Hungary go back to the turn of the first millennium when the Kingdom of Hungary was established. During 200 years, they remained rather rares because of the destruction produced by the Tatar-Mongol invasion (1241-1242) and also because literacy got fully developed only by the XIIIth century, in parallel with the development of the State and society. However, the linguistic and historical sources related to trade are extremely varied. These documents deal with commercial issues, in particular with the organisation of markets and fairs, the collection of customs duties, the provision of trade privileges, the consumption of products, export and the provision and use of credit. The majority of sources were issued by the royal court (laws, charters, contracts), which is due to the absence of the institution of the notary public, and also to the fact that urban literacy started only in the middle of the XIIIth century.
Sources écrites relatives au commerce en Hongrie médiévale aux XIVe-XVe siècles
Authors: Draskóczy István
Published: July 2022

En raison de la domination ottomane durant un siècle et demi, il reste relativement peu de sources directes datant de cette époque susceptibles de documenter le commerce du royaume de Hongrie au Moyen Âge. La capitale Buda a été détruite, tout comme ses archives, mais nous conservons fort heureusement celles de plusieurs autres villes comme Sopron ou Pozsony (aussi appelée Bratislava ou Pressburg). Les documents les plus importants sont les diplômes qui garantissent des droits, par exemple de l’exemption de droit de douane. Les registres de statut des villes ont également survécu, comme le Ofner Stadtrecht, datant du début du XVe siècle. Parmi les autres sources dignes d’être mentionnées, les testaments des particuliers sont assez nombreux, principalement en provenance de Pozsony ou de Sopron. Les données chiffrées des registres de la douane aident à reconstruire la structure et le volume des échanges, peu lisibles dans des livres de commerce des marchands eux-mêmes dont nous n’avons presque rien gardé.Relatively few direct sources on the trade of the Medieval Hungarian Kingdom remained up to now because of the 150-year period of Ottoman rule. The archive of the capital city, Buda was destroyed, however, the archives of other cities (e.g. Sopron/Ödenburg, Pozsony/Bratislava/Pressburg) have fortunately survived. The most important sources are the charters which guaranteed rights (e.g. tax exemption). Moreover, the town-books (such as the Ofner Stadtrecht from the middle of the XVth century) has to be emphasized. The last wills of citizens have to be mentioned also (the most of them are known from Pozsony and Sopron). Numerical data can be found in the customs registers, from which the structure and the volume of the trade can be reconstructed. The account books of merchants are hardly remained.
Influence of Special Treatment, Interactive Features, Physical Features, and Price on Customer Loyalty Restaurant Industry
Authors: Tahir M Mansha
Published: July 2022

Customer loyalty is key to success or failure of a business. Businesses, especially after recent pandemic, are striving to attract and retain customers. Customers loyal to the business are vital for survival and growth. There are various factors affecting the loyalty of customers. The purpose of the present research was to study such factors. This research was conducted in restaurants and food points in Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Present study includes primary and secondary data. Secondary data includes literature review and books published on the subjects. Primary data were collected by using structured questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS (V.19). Researcher conducted required tests to check the relationships among variables, which are indicated positive by analysis results. Research findings are useful for holders of steering wheel of the restaurants and food points in driving them to achieve their goals.
Integrated Information Model of an Enterprise and Cybersecurity Management System
Authors: Dotsenko Sergiy , Illiashenko Oleg , Kharchenko Vyacheslav , Morozova Olga
Published: July 2022

The paper analyzes the concepts of "data", "information", "knowledge", "intelligence", "activity", establishes their relationship in the context of integrating information about the enterprise with the contours of security management through the connection of information technologies, operation technologies, ecology technologies (IT, OT, ET). The authors propose an integrated model of information representation of the organization based on a chain of data, information, knowledge and activity / intelligence. The main feature of this model is that it explicitly includes activities that are implemented considering the laws of natural intelligence and forms a corresponding control loop. The security management system is based on identifying and tolerating threats on the stages of processing the data, information, knowledge and intelligence/activities and IT, OT and ET levels. Two industrial cases related to dialog enterprise management system and post-accident monitoring system are discussed.
A principal component analysis required in technical assistance guidance for chilled raw milk producers
Authors: Leal Dyhogo Henrique Veloso , Azevedo Alcinei Mistico , Almeida Anna Christina de , Pires Neto Otaviano de Souza , Duarte Eduardo Robson , Raidan Fernanda Santos Silva
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the principal component analysis (PCA) to guide technical assistance regarding several dairy farms’ issues, which includes improving microbiological quality and physical-chemical composition of raw refrigerated milk. Data of monthly analysis of fat, protein, lactose, dry defatted stratum, somatic cell count, total bacterial count, milk temperature of 8,101 samples of milk from expansion tanks and production of 78 farms located in the northern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil were processed. Descriptive statistical measures and Pearson correlation coefficient were estimated involving all evaluated traits during the dry and rainy seasons. In addition, multivariate analyses were performed using PCA. The results showed that two farm sites were negatively related to milk quality in both seasons. One farm stood out positively, being able to be used as a herd management model to drive technical assistance actions. Thus, PCA is efficient in simplifying large amounts of data, allowing simpler and faster technical herd management interpretation.
Comparative growth and performance of two generations of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Santos Vander Bruno dos , Teixeira Diego Azevedo , Gomes Victor José , Silva Vinícius Vasconcelos , Almeida Marcos Vinicius de , Salomão Rondinelle Arthur Simões
Published: July 2022

The growth of generations of the Genomar Supreme Tilapia (GST) strain, specifically G20 and G25, was evaluated. Tilapias 8 g were reared in a recirculating aquaculture system with 0.25 m³ tanks, 80 fish m-³, with four replicates. During growth, eight fish from each tank were weighed and measured at day 1, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210. Survival, weight gain, feed conversion and batch homogeneity were determined. Weight-age data were fit to Gompertz model. In addition, absolute and relative growth rates and weight and age at inflection were determined. Final weight showed 26.7% higher in G25 when compared to G20 (920.05 and 725.87 g, respectively). The feed conversion and homogeneity indexes were better in G25 than G20. The estimate of asymptotic weight was higher in G25 (1202.0 g) when compared to G20 (912.7 g). G20 presented smaller weight (335.76 g), age (108.87 days) and absolute growth rate (4.87 g day-1) when compared with G25 (442.19 g, 113.77 days and 6.41 g day-1). Carcass characteristics were similar, but G25 presented about 25% higher fillet weight than G20. After five years in the GST breeding program, results indicated that a sustained improvement of harvest weight was achieved, as well as 6 to 10% gain in performance by generation.
Exogenous enzymes in sheep diet: nutritional and physiological parameters
Authors: Neiva Maíra Costa , Schultz Erica Beatriz , Sousa Luciana Melo , Oliveira Karla Alves , Sousa Luciano Fernandes , Macedo Junior Gilberto de Lima
Published: July 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding exogenous enzymes to the diet on nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen balance, ingestive behavior and rumen movement of ewe lambs. Five ewe lambs, Dorper x Santa Inês crossbred, with an average age of 7 ± 1 months, average weight of 36.40 ± 2.36 kg were assigned in a 5x5 Latin square design. The treatments consisted of adding exogenous enzymes to the concentrate: Allzyme, Fibrozyme®, Amaize®, Mix and Control. Analyses of variance were applied and means were compared by the SNK test, and non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test at 5% significance. The dry matter intake in relation to body weight, crude protein intake and nitrogen intake were higher with the use of amylolytic enzyme compared to the other treatments (p <0.05). Nitrogen balance was higher with the use of amylolytic enzymes and the Allzyme® enzyme complex (p <0.05). A longer time spent in total chewing was observed with the inclusion of fibrolytic and amylolytic enzymes without changes in rumen movement. The use of exogenous enzymes promotes better use of nutrients, with high digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and crude protein.
Elephant grass silage with addition of regional by-products
Authors: Figueiredo Mércia Regina Pereira de , Teixeira Alice Cristina Bittencourt , Bittencourt Luciene Lignani , Moreira Guilherme Rocha , Ribeiro Ariane Jesus , Silva Frank Sinatra Gomes da , Santos André Luiz Pinto dos , Costa Maria Lindomárcia Leonardo da
Published: July 2022

This study examines the effect of adding coffee husks (CH), cacao by-product (CBP) and passion fruit by-product (PBP) (fresh-matter basis) in the silage of elephant grass cv. Napier on nutritional characteristics. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement represented by three additives (CH, CBP or PBP) and four inclusion levels (0, 12, 24 or 36%). Four replicates were used per treatment. The material was ensiled in experimental mini-silos that were opened 60 days later for chemical analysis of the produced silages. The dry matter content of the silages with CH and PBP included at levels greater than 25% was adequate. The silage with PBP inclusion showed the highest crude protein levels and the best results for in vitro dry matter digestibility. In the silage containing CH, the neutral detergent fiber content decreased linearly with increasing inclusion of the husks. The silage with CBP showed the lowest dry matter and crude protein levels and the highest pH. In conclusion, the inclusion of up to 36% PBP in the ensiling of elephant grass is recommended, as the resulting material has potential for use in ruminant feeding at times of forage scarcity.