bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptors Bidirectionally Modulate Intrinsic Excitability of Inhibitory Neurons
Authors: Yao Lulu , Rong Yi , Ma Xiaoyan , Li Haifu , Deng Di , Chen Yongjun , Yang Sungchil , Peng Tao , Ye Tao , Liang Feixue , Xu Nenggui , Zhou Qiang
Published: February 2022

The NMDA subtype glutamate receptors (NMDARs) play important roles in both physiological and pathologic processes in the brain. Compared with their critical roles in synaptic modifications and excitotoxicity in excitatory neurons, much less is understood about the functional contributions of NMDARs to the inhibitory GABAergic neurons. By using selective NMDAR inhibitors and potentiators, we here show that NMDARs bidirectionally modulate the intrinsic excitability (defined as spontaneous/evoked spiking activity and EPSP-spike coupling) in inhibitory GABAergic neurons in adult male and female mice. This modulation depends on GluN2C/2D- but not GluN2A/2B-containing NMDARs. We further show that NMDAR modulator EU1794-4 mostly enhances extrasynaptic NMDAR activity, and by using it we demonstrate a significant contribution of extrasynaptic NMDARs to the modulation of intrinsic excitability in inhibitory neurons. Together, this bidirectional modulation of intrinsic excitability reveals a previously less appreciated importance of NMDARs in the second-to-second functioning of inhibitory GABAergic neurons.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNMDA subtype of glutamate receptors (NMDARs) have important roles in brain functions, including both physiological and pathologic ones. The role of NMDARs in inhibitory neurons has been less elucidated compared with that in excitatory neurons. Our results demonstrate the importance of GluN2C/GluN2D-containing but not GluN2A/GluN2B-containing extrasynaptic NMDARs in modulating the intrinsic excitability of inhibitory neurons. These results further suggest distinct contributions of subsynaptic locations and subunit compositions of NMDARs to their functions in excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The above findings have implications for better understanding of brain diseases, such as schizophrenia.
The Role of Trait Inferences in Evaluative Conditioning
Authors: Moran Tal , Hughes Sean , Van Dessel Pieter , De Houwer Jan
Published: February 2022

Evaluative Conditioning (EC) effect is a change in evaluative responding to a neutral stimulus (CS) due to its pairing with a valenced stimulus (US). Traditionally, EC effects are viewed as fundamentally different from persuasion effects. Inspired by a propositional perspective to EC, four studies (N = 1,284) tested if, like persuasion effects, EC effects can also be driven by trait inferences. Experiments 1-2 found that promoting trait inferences (by pairing people with trait words rather than nouns) increased EC effects. Experiments 3-4 found that undermining trait inferences (by questioning the validity of those inferences) decreased EC effects. In all experiments, however, EC effects were still significant when trait inferences were invalid. Taken together, our findings (a) suggest that trait inferences can play an important role in EC effects, (b) constrain theoretical models of EC, and (c) have important implications for applied EC interventions.
Analisis Yuridis Kedudukan Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia Dalam Ketatanegaraan Indonesia
Authors: Bahri Saeful
Published: February 2022

Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia merupakan salah satu lembaga penegak hukum di Indonesia yang memiliki peran sangat penting yaitu di bidang penuntutan. Sebagai lembaga penegak hukum, kejaksaan diharapkan mampu bersikap adil dan profesional sesuai dengan harapan rakyat Indonesia. Kedudukan Kejaksaan dalam ketatanegaraan Indonesia, secara administratif berada dibawah kekuasaan eksekutif, tetapi jika kita melihat kewenangannya di bidang penuntutan merupakan bagian dari wewenang kekuasaan kehakiman dalam hal ini yaitu yudikatif. Hal tersebut, menyebabkan integritas kejaksaan menjadi diragukan. Apalagi jika ada perkara hukum yang ada hubungannya dengan kekuasaan eksekutif, dikhawatirkan akan ada intervensi politik terhadap lembaga kejaksaan. Sebagai lembaga penegak hukum, kejaksaan sudah sepatutnya menjadi lembaga yang independen yang pada akhirnya akan membuat kewenangannya bebas intervensi poitik. Integritas merupakan sebuah sikap yang harus dimiliki oleh setiap aparat penegak hukum. karena dengan integritas, akan menimbulkan rasa kepercayaan dikalangan masyarakat terhadap penegakan hukum di Indonesia.
Formulasi Comprehensive Ballot Box Counting System Sebagai Upaya Mewujudkan Kepada Daerah Yang Berintegritas Dan Bermartabat
Authors: Rahmawati Liavita
Published: February 2022

Indonesia adalah negara yang mengedepankan sistem perwakilan dalam suatu negara demokrasi sebagai suatu perwujudan kedaulatan rakyat, yang mana demokrasi itu sendiri adalah faham dan sistem politik yang didasarkan pada doktrin “power of the people” yang dikonkretkan dalam bentuk suatu pemilihan umum atau pemilihan daerah. Hal yang menjadi permasalahan adalah ketika terdapatnya calon pasangan tunggal dan golongan kertas putih dalam pilkada yang tak kunjung susut. Hal tersebut sangat mengganggu jalannya demokrasi di Indonesia hingga menyebabkan kecacatan demokrasi. Aturan main baru dari KPU yang tertuang dalam Pasal 25 PKPU No. 13 Tahun 2018 ini hanya menyelesaikan calon tunggal dengan kotak kosong tidak menyelesaikan pula golongan kertas putihnya. Kecacatan demokrasi akan sangat nampak ketika pilkada di ikuti oleh dua calon atau lebih yang mana bukan merupakan kasus calon tunggal. Permasalahan di selesaikan dengan bentuk protes demokrasi oleh rakyat yakni golput sebagai alasan tidak ada pemimpin yang layak dipilih. Sedangkan untuk mewujudkan negara yang demokratis maka partisipasi rakyat sangatlah penting. Maka dalam penelitian ini, penulis berusaha menggali pengaturan dan menghasilkan suatu solusi yang dapat memecahkan permasalahan demokrasi khususnya pilkada guna menjadikan pemilihan kepala daerah yang berinegritas dan bermartabat
Urgensi Penerapan Responsibility to Protect Guna Menangani Pemerkosaan Sistematik Dalam Konflik Bersenjata Internasional
Authors: Harris Rahadyan Fajar , Nugroho Inaz Indra , Assabili Farabi
Published: February 2022

Kepenulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui urgensi penerapan prinsip Tanggung Jawab untuk melindungi (Responsibility to Protect) dalam menangani kasus pemerkosaan sistematik yang terjadi di wilayah yang sedang mengalami sengketa konflik bersenjata internasional (International armed conflict). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Penelitian ini menemukan fakta bahwa pemerkosaan sistematik telah menjadi strategi peperangan selama berabad-abad dengan wanita dan anak perempuan sebagai korbannya. PBB memperkirakan lebih dari 60.000 wanita diperkosa selama perang saudara di Sierra Leone (1991-2002), 40.000 di Liberia (1989-2003), 60.000 di bekas Yugoslavia (1992-1995), dan setidaknya 200.000 di Republik Demokratik Kongo sejak 1998.  Sehingga secara yuridis, pemerkosaan sistematik tergolong ke dalam pelanggaran berat (grave breach) dalam kerangka hukum humaniter Internasional. Selain itu, tergolong pula ke dalam kejahatan perang (war crimes) ataupun kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan (crime against humanity) berdasarkan Statuta Roma 1998. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merekomendasikan penerapan prinsip Responsibility to Protect sebagai alternatif penyelesaian kasus pemerkosaan sistematik pada sengketa konflik bersenjata Internasional. Kebaruan penelitian ini ialah penyajian analisis topik pemerkosaan sistematik dalam sengketa konflik bersenjata internasional melalui kerangka hukum humaniter internasional, yang mana belum banyak diteliti di Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan, bahwasanya meskipun telah terdapat instrumen hukum internasional, masih terdapat banyak pelanggaran berat, kejahatan perang, ataupun kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan yang terjadi dalam sengketa konflik bersenjata Internasional. Oleh karena itu, penerapan prinsip Responsibility to Protect menjadi suatu urgensi guna mendorong tanggung jawab negara dalam memberikan perlindungan terhadap korban pemerkosaan sistematik dengan sistem intervensi dalam rangka mencegah dan menghentikan pelanggaran berat yang terjadi dalam konflik bersenjata internasional.
Reformulasi Beban Pembuktian Terbalik Berlandaskan Asas Presumption of Guilt Terhadap Kasus TPPU di Indonesia
Authors: Taniady Vicko , Riwayanti Novi Wahyu
Published: February 2022

Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang (TPPU) sebagai tindak pidana transnasional membawa dampak kerugian terhadap negara yang sangat besar. Salah satu kebijakan untuk meminta pertanggungjawaban terhadap terdakwa adalah menggunakan beban pembuktian terbalik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji mekanisme beban pembuktian terbalik yang saat ini berlaku, serta menganalisis untuk melakukan reformulasi beban pembuktian terbalik berlandaskan asas presumption of guilt. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah hukum normatif, dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan kasus (case approach), serta menggunakan teknik studi pustaka dalam mengolah data sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Pola beban pembuktian terbalik pada UU TPPU masih mengalami problematika terkhusus dalam hal asset recovery. Selain itu, mekanisme beban pembuktian terbalik dalam UU TPPU belum mengatur prosedur terkait beracaranya atau setidak-tidaknya terkait mengatur konsekuensi dari pembuktian terbalik tersebut. Melihat hal tersebut, penerapan beban pembuktian terbalik berlandaskan asas presumption of guilt dalam kasus TPPU menjadi urgensi yang harus dilakukan. Beban pembuktian terbalik berlandaskan asas presumption of guilt akan menggunakan dua metode yakni criminal forfeiture dan civil forfeiture, sehingga mampu lebih optimal dalam melakukan asset recovery. Adanya asas beban pembuktian terbalik yang berlandaskan asas presumption of guilt diharapkan mampu untuk meminimalisir kesulitan dalam mekanisme pembuktian TPPU.
Pandangan Hukum Positif Terhadap Pertanggungjawaban Harta Pemegang Saham Perseroan Terbatas di Indonesia
Authors: Haikal Muhammad Hanavie
Published: February 2022

Perseroan terbatas (PT) merupakan sebuah badan usaha berbadan hukum. Hal yang menjadi sifat pembeda dari sebuah badan hukum adalah terdapat pemisahan antara harta kekayaan yang dimiliki oleh badan hukum dan harta kekayaan pribadi yang dimiliki oleh para pemegang saham. Oleh karena itu, para pemegang saham tersebut tidak memiliki tanggung jawab pribadi secara langsung atas perikatan yang dibuat dengan nama badan hukum. Terdapat beberapa pengaturan, seperti Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Dagang (KUHD), UU PT No. 1 Tahun 1995 jo. UU PT No. 40 Tahun 2007, dan Pasal 153J ayat (1) UU Cipta Kerja yang menyatakan bahwa pemegang saham menganut sifat terbatas pada saham yang dimiliki, kecuali jika terbukti adanya pencampuran harta pribadi milik pemegang saham dengan harta kekayaan perseroan, maka tanggung jawab tersebut menjadi tanggungan pribadi atau tidak terbatas. Oleh karena itu, penulisan jurnal berjudul “Pandangan Hukum Positif Terhadap Pertanggungjawaban Harta Pemegang Saham Perseroan Terbatas Di Indonesia” ini ditujukan untuk membahas batasan-batasan dan hal-hal yang terkait dengan pertanggungjawaban harta pemegang saham perseroan terbatas. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar nantinya para pemegang saham dapat mengetahui perilaku apa saja yang dapat menyebabkan hapusnya limited liability pada pemegang saham perseroan terbatas.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Sebagai Korban Tindak Pidana Pemerkosaan oleh Anak (Studi Kasus Perkara Nomor 138/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Pti)
Authors: Rumiyati Rini
Published: February 2022

Anak sebagai pelaku kejahatan memang dikenal dalam sistem hukum pidana di Indonesia, bahkan dalam beberapa liteatur juga disebut sebagai juvenile delinquency. Namun, proses pemidanaan terhadap anak memiliki prosedur dan karakter yang berbeda dengan pemidanaan terhadap orang dewasa. Pengaturan mengenai pemidanaan anak diatur dalam Hukum Pidana Anak termasuk proses acara hukum pidananya. Namun, bagaimana jika anak sebagai pelaku pemerkosaan yang korbannya juga merupakan anak? Studi ini menganalisis kasus perkara Nomor 138/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Pti. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, dimana kajian atas putusan didasarkan pada berbagai literatur hukum yang terkait. Studi ini juga menggunakan pendekatan kriminologi dan viktimologi sebagai dukungan dalam analisis kasus tersebut.
Dampak Permasalahan Pinjaman Online dan Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Konsumen Pinjaman Online
Authors: Arvante Jeremy Zefanya Yaka
Published: February 2022

Adanya pinjaman online atau peer to peer lending sebagai salah satu bentuk financial technology (fintech) adalah imbas dari kemajuan teknologi yang banyak menawarkan pinjaman dengan syarat serta ketentuan yang lebih mudah dan fleksibel kalau dibandingkan dengan lembaga keuangan konvensional seperti bank.Di Indonesia pasar Fintech dalam bentuk pinjaman online dianggap cocok, bahkan penetrasi kepemilikan dan penggunaan telepon selularpun sangat tinggi meskipun masyarakat belum memiliki akses keuangan. Apalagi disaat kondisi  ekonomi yang sulit akibat pandemi Covid-19 seperti ini ditambah lagi perilaku masyarakat digital yang konsumtif membuat pinjaman online menjadi solusi terbaik bagi mereka tanpa memikirkan dampak yang timbul dikemudian hari. Dampak permasalahan yang muncul bagi konsumen layanan  pinjaman online salah satunya adalah saat penagihan pembayaran, mereka dibuat tidak nyaman, merasa diperas, diteror dan diintimidasi. Tindakan dari penyelenggara Pinjaman online ini diindikasikan bukan hanya melanggar hukum namun juga melanggar hak asasi manusia terutama pada Undang- Undang Nomor 39 tahun 1999 Tentang Hak Asasi Manusia Pasal 29 Ayat (1) dan Pasal 30. Dengan adanya Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 77/POJK.01/2016 Tentang Layanan Pinjam Meminjam Uang Berbasis Teknologi Informasi, Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik dan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen (UU Perlindungan konsumen) masyarakat pengguna jasa / konsumen pinjaman online berharap ada  perlindungan hukum dari pemerintah. yang rendah. oleh karena itu penulis berharap untuk pendidikan dan  perbaikan dalam  hal pemerintah.
Quo Vadis Perlindungan Kekerasan Seksual: Urgensi RUU PKS Sebagai Perlindungan Korban Kekerasan Seksual
Authors: Huda Muhammad Wahyu Saiful , Izza Rizqiya Lailatul
Published: February 2022

It has been two years since the corona virus pandemic has swept the world. A pandemic that affects every aspect of life, as a result the government is required to provide security to its people. Various programs are implemented to reduce the spread of Covid-19. But the problems this pandemic has created have also led to crime. More specifically, sexual violence. The increase in cases of sexual violence every year is increasingly worrying. The government, at the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution, must protect its people, including sexual violence. Sexual violence is a physical act that injures the honor of the perpetrator and is related to sex. Sexual violence takes many forms, but Indonesian law only covers rape and obscenity. Indonesian law now cannot protect the people as a whole, it is necessary to reform the law on sexual violence. To answer the problem of sexual violence in Indonesia, Komnas Perempuan submitted a draft law on the elimination of sexual violence. The purpose of the Draft Law on the Elimination of Sexual Violence is to provide protection, treatment and restore the condition of victims. The hope of the Draft Law on the Elimination of Sexual Violence is the realization of environmental conditions without any acts of sexual violence. The journey so that the Draft Law on the Elimination of Sexual Violence becomes ratified requires assistance, because of the many misinterpretations of the existing articles. As well as protecting the transfer of the original purpose of the Draft Law on the Elimination of Sexual Violence.
Thyroid and bone turnover markers in type 2 diabetes: results from the METAL study
Authors: Chen Yi , Zhang Wen , Chen Chi , Wang Yuying , Wang Ningjian , Lu Yingli
Published: February 2022

Objective

We aimed to evaluate whether thyroid hormones, autoimmune and thyroid homeostasis status were related to bone turnover in type 2 diabetes.

Methods

The data were obtained from a cross-sectional study, the METAL study. In this study, 4209 participants (2059 men and 2150 postmenopausal women) with type 2 diabetes were enrolled. Thyroid function, thyroid antibodies and three bone turnover markers (BTMs), including a large N-mid fragment of osteocalcin (N-MID osteocalcin), β-C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of type I collagen (β-CTX) and procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), were measured. Thyroid homeostasis parameters, including the sum activity of step-up deiodinases (SPINA-GD), thyroid secretory capacity (SPINA-GT), Jostel’s TSH index (TSHI) and the thyrotroph thyroid hormone resistance index (TTSI), were calculated. The associations of thyroid parameters with BTMs were analyzed using linear regression.

Results

Free and total triiodothyronine were positively associated with N-MID osteocalcin and P1NP in both sexes and positively associated with β-CTX in postmenopausal women. Thyroid-stimulating hormone was negatively associated with β-CTX in postmenopausal women, and free thyroxine was negatively associated with N-MID osteocalcin and P1NP in men. SPINA-GD was positively associated with N-MID osteocalcin and P1NP in both sexes. There was a positive relationship of SPINA-GT with β-CTX, a negative relationship of TTSI with β-CTX, and a negative relationship of TSHI with β-CTX and P1NP in postmenopausal women.

Conclusions

Among men and postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes, significant associations were observed between N-MID osteocalcin, β-CTX and P1NP with thyroid function and thyroid homeostasis. Further prospective studies are warranted to understand the causal relationship and underlying mechanism.
Solitons and other solutions of perturbed nonlinear Biswas–Milovic equation with Kudryashov’s law of refractive index
Authors: Akinyemi Lanre , Mirzazadeh Mohammad , Hosseini Kamyar
Published: February 2022

We analytically study the exact solitary wave solutions of the perturbed nonlinear Biswas–Milovic equation with Kudryashov’s law of refractive index, which describes the propagation of pulses of various types in optical fiber. We apply three efficient and reliable schemes, specifically, the simple equation method, the (G'/G)-expansion method, and the new Kudryashov method. These approaches lead to a range of solitons and other solutions comprising of the bright solitons, dark solitons, singular solitons, periodic, rational, and exponential solutions. These solutions are also presented graphically. Furthermore, all obtained solutions are verified by symbolic computations.
Association of Models of Care for Kawasaki Disease With Utilization and Cardiac Outcomes
Authors: Money Nathan M. , Hall Matthew , Quinonez Ricardo A. , Coon Eric R. , Tremoulet Adriana H. , Markham Jessica L. , Erdem Guliz , Tamaskar Nisha , Parikh Kavita , Neubauer Hannah C. , Darby John B. , Wallace Sowdhamini S.
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES

Describe the prevalence of different care models for children with Kawasaki disease (KD) and evaluate utilization and cardiac outcomes by care model.

METHODS

Multicenter, retrospective cohort study of children aged 0 to 18 hospitalized with KD in US children’s hospitals from 2017 to 2018. We classified hospital model of care via survey: hospitalist primary service with as-needed consultation (Model 1), hospitalist primary service with automatic consultation (Model 2), or subspecialist primary service (Model 3). Additional data sources included administrative data from the Pediatric Health Information System database supplemented by a 6-site chart review. Utilization outcomes included laboratory, medication and imaging usage, length of stay, and readmission rates. We measured the frequency of coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) in the full cohort and new CAAs within 12 weeks in the 6-site chart review subset.

RESULTS

We included 2080 children from 44 children’s hospitals; 21 hospitals (48%) identified as Model 1, 19 (43%) as Model 2, and 4 (9%) as Model 3. Model 1 institutions obtained more laboratory tests and had lower overall costs (P < .001), whereas echocardiogram (P < .001) and immune modulator use (P < .001) were more frequent in Model 3. Secondary outcomes, including length of stay, readmission rates, emergency department revisits, CAA frequency, receipt of anticoagulation, and postdischarge CAA development, did not differ among models.

CONCLUSIONS

Modest cost and utilization differences exist among different models of care for KD without significant differences in outcomes. Further research is needed to investigate primary service and consultation practices for KD to optimize health care value and outcomes.
Simplified kinetic models of methane combustion to expand the capabilities of the OpenFOAM package and physicochemical libraries
Authors: Kononov Dmitry Sergeevich , Gidaspov Vladimir Yurevich , Strijhak Sergei Vladimirovich
Published: February 2022

Simplified mechanisms of combustion of hydrocarbon fuels are considered, on their basis the expansion of the capabilities of the OpenFOAM package and physicochemical libraries, applicable for the numerical simulation of processes occurring in methane-air mixtures, is carried out. A modified mechanism of combustion of hydrocarbon fuel is investigated. The choice of this substance is due to the prospects and practical interest in this type of fuel at the present time. Compares the results obtained by using the solvers created at the MAI and ISP RAS. A physical and mathematical model, numerical algorithms and results of calculations of non-stationary physical and chemical processes occurring in methane-air mixtures are presented. A comparison is made of the values of temperature and concentration of the chemical at constant pressure and enthalpy, the ignition time and the level of values of in are estimated when the state of thermodynamic equilibrium is reached. The process of flow of a methane-air mixture in a tube with reflection of a shock wave incident on the wall is considered. The unsteady equations of gas dynamics are solved numerically, supplemented by the equations of chemical kinetics. The effects of viscosity, thermal conductivity and diffusion are not taken into account. The distributions of the flow parameters behind the reflected shock wave are obtained and analyzed. The propagation of a detonation wave in an oscillatory mode is illustrated. The consistency of the calculation results of the solvers used is shown. Estimates of the possible application of this reduced combustion mechanism are given.
Kotlin from the perspective of a static analyzer developer
Authors: Afanasyev Vitaly Olegovich , Polyakov Sergey Andreevich , Borodin Alexey Evgenevich , Belevantsev Andrey Andreevich
Published: February 2022

The paper describes a static analysis for finding defects and computing metrics for programs written in the Kotlin language. The analysis is implemented in the Svace static analyzer developed at ISP RAS. The paper focuses on the problems we met during implementation, the approaches we used to solve them, and the experimental results for the tool we have built. The analyzer supports not only Kotlin analysis, but is also capable of analyzing mixed projects that use both Java and Kotlin languages. We hope that the paper might be useful to static analysis developers and language designers.
New records and range extension of Trimorphodon tau Cope, 1869 (Squamata, Colubridae) in Nuevo León, México
Authors: Banda-Leal Javier , Lazcano David , Nevárez-de los Reyes Manuel , Barriga-Vallejo Carlos , Wilson Larry David
Published: February 2022

The distribution of Trimorphodon tau Cope, 1869 in Nuevo León, Mexico, is understood on the basis of only a few records from the municipality of Iturbide and the central portion in the municipality of Monterrey, both in the southern portion of the state. The most recent record was reported in 2020. We provide new information on specimens from the collection of the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León and photographic vouchers, which extend the known geographic range of this species to the northern portion of the state. We also review the scutellation in the new specimens and other specimens cited in the literature.
Managing family conflict and resilience. Results of a universal socio-educative family drugs prevention program developed in school settings
Authors: Quesada-Serra Victoria , Gomila-Grau Maria-Antònia , Orte Carmen
Published: February 2022

This paper assesses changes in family conflict and resilience among families participating in a socio-educative short universal drug prevention program (PCF-U 11-14). A pre-post test quasi experimental design with control and experimental groups was implemented with 275 families. The work addresses the convenience of family training in social and parenting skills to strengthen families’ capacity to cope with difficulties and boosting family cohesion, but it also highlights the need to research deeper into the factors that affect parent and adolescent conflict to create new training strategies for families.
Essential oil from the aerial part of Orchidantha vietnamica K. Larsen and its antimicrobial activity
Authors: Son Ninh The , Danh Nguyen Duc , Anh Le Tuan , Thuy Dinh Thi Thu , Luyen Nguyen Dinh , Tuyen Tran Thi
Published: February 2022

The hydro-distilled essential oil from the fresh aerial part of Orchidantha vietnamica K. Larsen collected from Lamdong-Vietnam was analyzed by GC-FID (Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection) and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy) for the first time. The oil was characterized by the presence of volatile compounds type terpenoids, in which oxygenated monoterpenes (30.04 %) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (37.32 %) are the major components. The oxygenated monoterpene linalool reached the highest percentage of 16.66 %, followed by the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (E)-caryophyllene (11.4 %), α-humulene (8.00 %), and bicyclogermacrene (6.93 %). Monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated sesquiterpenoids, oxygenated diterpenes, carotenoids, and others are also detected in this oil (< 3.00 %). The essential oil of O. vietnamica aerial part showed antimicrobial activity against two pathogenic bacterial strains Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 with the same MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) value of 200 µg/mL.
ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF EIGHT PHENOLIC ACIDS USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY
Authors: Duy Quang Dao , Thi Thuy Nguyen , Thi Ngoc Anh Hoang , Thi Thuy Huong Le , Dinh Hieu Truong , Minh Quan Pham , Quoc Long Pham , Manh Cuong Nguyen , Lan Phuong Doan
Published: February 2022

Phenolic acids are one of the major fractions identified in the extract of several vegetable seed oils which present interesting antioxidant properties. A density functional theory (DFT) study on the antioxidant potential of eight phenolic acids including gallic, vanillic, isovanillic, ferulic, caffeic, b-coumaric, cinnamic, and chlorogenic acids, is presented in this paper. The bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) of C–H and O–H bonds, the proton affinities (PA) and the ionization energies (IEs) were calculated in detail by using the LC-wPBE functional coupled with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The standard Gibbs free energies (DrG0) for the scavenging reactions towards HOO· radical were calculated. In addition, the kinetics of H-atom transfer reaction was evaluated. As a result, the chosen long-range corrected DFT LC-wPBE functional is shown as the highly reliable computational approaches in calculating geometrical properties as well as the thermochemical parameters by comparison with CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ results. The differences of bond length are about 0.1 Angstroms, while the ones of BDE are only from 0.1 to 0.6 kcal/mol. Furthermore, gallic, caffeic, ferulic and chlorogenic acids represent as the most reactive antioxidants in the reaction with HOO· radical in water occurring via H transfer process with the negative DrG0 ranging from -3.3 kcal/mol for caffeic to -5.9 kcal/mol for ferulic compounds. Kinetic calculations in the gas phase based on transition state theory (TST) for the studied compound confirm that chlorogenic acid is shown as the most reactive antioxidant via HAT process with the lowest activation free energy (i.e. 17.9 kcal/mol) and the highest reaction rate (i.e. 4.20 × 10-19 cm3/molecule/s).
STUDY ON THE DYNAMIC MECHANICAL, FLEXURAL STRENGTH AND SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYOXYMETHYLENE/SILICA NANOCOMPOSITES
Authors: Mai Tran Thi , Trang Nguyen Thi Thu , Chinh Nguyen Thuy , Trung Tran Huu , Hoang Thai
Published: February 2022

This work focuses on the reinforcement of polyoxymethylene (POM) by nanosilica particles (NS) in order to increase flexural strength and hardness of the POM matrix. Thermo - mechanical properties of the POM/NS nanocomposite were investigated by using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA).
An ionophore breaks the multi-drug-resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: De Oliveira David M.P. , Walker Mark J.
Published: February 2022

Within intensive care units, multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii outbreaks are a frequent cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia. During the on-going COVID-19 pandemic, patients who receive ventilator support experience a 2-fold increased risk of mortality when they contract a secondary A. baumannii pulmonary infection. In our recent paper (De Oliveira et al. (2022), Mbio, doi: 10.1128/mbio.03517-21), we demonstrate that the 8-hydroxquinoline ionophore, PBT2 breaks the resistance of A. baumannii to tetracycline class antibiotics. In vitro, the combination of PBT2 and zinc with either tetracycline, doxycycline, or tigecycline was shown to be bactericidal against multi-drug-resistant A. baumannii, and any resistance that did arise imposed a fitness cost. Using a murine model of pulmonary infection, treatment with PBT2 in combination with tetracycline or tigecycline proved efficacious against multidrug-resistant A. baumannii. These findings suggest that PBT2 may find utility as a resistance breaker to rescue the efficacy of tetracycline-class antibiotics commonly employed to treat multi-drug resistant A. baumannii infections.
How Does Ocha Attend Her Lectures? Lessons Learnt From an Adult Learner With a Cinderella Complex
Authors: Sumekto Didik Rinan , Pranawa Erry , Taufiqulloh Taufiqulloh , Ghozali Imam , Yuwono Suhud Eko
Published: February 2022

This study investigates an undergraduate student with her Cinderella complex. Observation and videotape were undertaken from her agentive interactions and lectures as a single case study with the iterative and unstructured model analysis. The findings showed Ocha’s high motivation during attending her speaking classes, although her pronunciation, fluency, grammar, and vocabulary were still unsatisfactory. Ocha’s behaviors looked different from others regarding her lack of interactions with others, ignorance, introversion, egocentrics, dependence, and reticence.
The Perceptions of Students and Principals on the Improvement of Students' Achievements by the Managerial and Transformational Leadership Styles
Authors: Xhomara Nazmi , Karabina Mirela , Hasani Nazyktere
Published: February 2022

The study aimed to investigate the impact of managerial and transformational leadership styles on students’ achievements. The quantitative approach, a structured questionnaire, and a random cluster sample of respondents were used in the study. The study indicated a positive correlation between managerial leadership and students‘ achievements. At the same time, the study revealed that 9.9% of the variance according to students and 44.4% according to principals on students‘ achievements is explained by managerial leadership.
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in patients with COVID-19-associated central nervous system manifestations: a systematic review
Authors: Domingues Renan Barros , Leite Fernando Brunale Vilela de Moura , Senne Carlos
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT Background: Central nervous system (CNS) symptoms may occur in patients with acute COVID-19. The role of CSF examination in these patients remains to be established. Objective: A systematic review of CSF findings relating to COVID-19 was carried out. Methods: CSF parameters, including cytological and biochemical analyses, SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and other CSF markers, were recorded and analyzed among patients with acute COVID-19 and one of the following CNS syndromes: stroke, encephalopathy, encephalitis, inflammatory syndromes, seizure, headache and meningitis. Results: Increased white blood cells and/or increased protein concentration were found in 52.7% of the patients with encephalitis, 29.4% of the patients with encephalopathy and 46.7% of the patients with inflammatory syndromes (P < 0.05). CSF RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 was positive in 17.35% of the patients with encephalitis and less than 3.5% of the patients with encephalopathy or inflammatory syndromes (P < 0.05). Intrathecal production of immunoglobulins was found in only 8% of the cases. More than 85% of the patients had increased CSF cytokines and chemokines. Increased CSF neurofilament light chain (NfL) and CSF Tau were found in 71% and 36% of the cases, respectively. Conclusion: Non-specific inflammatory CSF abnormalities were frequently found in patients with COVID-19 CNS syndromes. The increase in neurodegeneration biomarkers suggests that neuronal damage occurs, with long-term consequences that are still unknown.
A SEGURANÇA EM MUTAÇÃO: CONCEPÇÕES, PRÁTICAS E EXPERIÊNCIAS NO SÉCULO XXI
Authors: Lopes Cleber , Paes-Machado Eduardo
Published: February 2022

Resumo Este artigo discute os significados e implicações da noção de segurança, bem como enfatiza a importância de entender a segurança a partir das práticas que os próprios participantes descrevem como meios de promoção da segurança. Aponta ainda que o modo como a segurança é pensada e promovida tem passado por mudanças provocadas pela ampliação das ameaças objetivas e subjetivas, pelo avanço da securitização e pelo reforço do policiamento estatal e privado. Argumenta também que os estudos brasileiros têm focado prioritariamente o papel do policiamento estatal na promoção da segurança, dando pouca atenção aos atores privados e aos hibridismos e influências mútuas entre atores estatais e não estatais que executam policiamento. A partir da noção de “pluralização do policiamento”, o artigo descreve a complexificação da paisagem da segurança e problematiza os desafios associados a isso. Finalmente, conclui que o estudo das várias modalidades de policiamento plural são importantes para se pensar políticas de segurança e caminhos para se regular as modalidades negativas de policiamento.
DECIFRAR A ESFINGE: FIGURAÇÃO E ESCRITURA EM CLARICE LISPECTOR
Authors: Pinheiro Filho Fernando Antonio
Published: February 2022

Resumo Focando o período em que Clarice Lispector escreve crônicas na grande imprensa, este artigo busca desvelar o sentido da aura de “mistério” que a envolve, associando-o à construção de uma persona literária em conflito com sua reputação de grande escritora para, em seguida, entender como esse afastamento da representação mais canônica do escritor contribuiu para a conquista de certo tipo de autonomia na literatura que produziu em sua fase final.
Quality indicators for primary health care in chronic kidney disease in the public service of a city in the State of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Samaan Farid , Fernandes Danilo Euclides , Kirsztajn Gianna Mastroianni , Sesso Ricardo de Castro Cintra , Malik Ana Maria
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be avoided when promptly diagnosed and treated. The objective was to describe quality indicators of CKD detection and health care in the primary care public service of a city in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. This retrospective study analyzed charts of patients who attended primary care in the public service between November 2019 and February 2020. We selected 10 health quality indicators based on their scientific relevance and availability from the medical records that could express how CKD was identified and managed in primary health care. We estimated the adequate percentage of health indicators with data from 1,066 individuals who had ≥ one risk factor for CKD: hypertension, diabetes, or > 60 years old. Among patients, 79.4% had information on serum creatinine, whereas 58.8% were investigated for proteinuria. Blood pressure data were found in 98.9% of the records. The percentage of patients with blood pressure < 140x90mmHg, glycosylated hemoglobin < 6.5% and LDL-cholesterol < 100mg/dL was 79.2%, 49.2%, and 33.3%, respectively. Renin-angiotensin system blockers were prescribed to 82.8% of the patients with hypertension and CKD. Serum potassium was measured in 35.7% for those who were using renin-angiotensin system blockers. Among those people with CKD, 16.7% had CKD assigned in the medical records as a diagnose. Among those participants at higher risk for CKD, the referral rate to a nephrologist was 31.6%. This study confirmed some missed quality indicators of CKD in primary healthcare. Our results may help administrators develop public policies that improve health care for individuals at high risk for CKD. Long-term follow-up of the health indicators we proposed here will be useful to assess the impact of policy intervention.
Coalizão partidária, aporte financeiro e desempenho da assistência médica e odontológica em duas regiões de saúde brasileiras
Authors: Carneiro Joana Danielle Brandão , Bousquat Aylene Emilia Moraes , Frazão Paulo
Published: February 2022

Coalizações de governo distintas encontram limites para produzir mudanças na orientação de políticas. O objetivo foi descrever a orientação política dos partidos de coalização, o aporte financeiro, a estrutura e o desempenho da assistência médica e odontológica em duas regiões de saúde brasileiras distintas socioeconomicamente e na oferta de serviços. Utilizaram-se indicadores a partir de dados oficiais relativos ao período de 2007 a 2014 e caraterísticas da coalização partidária definidas pelas preferências eleitorais municipais e de intensidade da competição eleitoral em cada estado da respectiva região. Maior aporte financeiro per capita e maior porcentagem de população potencialmente coberta pela atenção básica e pelas equipes de saúde bucal da Estratégia Saúde da Família estavam relacionados com o município-polo da região de coalização partidária mais à esquerda, ao passo que o município-polo da região de coalização partidária mais à direita mostrou aumento expressivo na porcentagem de população potencialmente coberta por médicos. Em ambos os municípios-polo, a efetividade melhorou. Os achados confirmaram a noção de que as coalizações mais à esquerda aportam mais recursos em políticas sociais, mas encontram limites para superar desigualdades estruturais e converter suas preferências programáticas em políticas efetivas.
Validação de um instrumento para avaliação dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS), versão para profissionais: Avalia-CAPS-P
Authors: Rocha Kátia Bones , Zanardo Gabriela Lemos de Pinho
Published: February 2022

Resumo: O instrumento Avalia-CAPS-P tem como objetivo avaliar como os principais atributos da atenção psicossocial se configuram em práticas no cotidiano dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS), possuindo versões para usuários, profissionais e familiares. Este estudo analisou as características psicométricas do Avalia-CAPS para profissionais, contando com a participação de 195 profissionais de CAPS. Realizou-se a análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) do Avalia-CAPS-P, testando dois modelos de estrutura fatorial - unifatorial e com oito fatores -, e a análise de convergência com o instrumento SATIS-BR (Escala de Satisfação dos Pacientes com os Serviços de Saúde Mental). A AFC apontou resultados satisfatórios dos modelos, sendo o modelo teórico de oito fatores utilizado para as análises e discussões subsequentes, apresentando os índices de ajustes χ2 = 765,51, χ²/gl = 1,20, p = 0,001, CFI = 0,93, TLI = 0,92, RMSEA = 0,03 (0,02-0,04), e cargas fatoriais dos itens com valores oscilando entre 0,76 e 0,33. A maioria das correlações entre os fatores foi moderada (variando entre rho = 0,38 e rho = 0,71) e a validade convergente mostrou que as dimensões do Avalia-CAPS-P se correlacionam significativamente e moderadamente com a avaliação global e com todas as dimensões SATIS-BR. O Avalia-CAPS apresenta indicadores adequados de confiabilidade e validade e destaca-se a importância de disponibilizar um instrumento que se propõe a avaliar a qualidade dos CAPS, estabelecendo indicadores e parâmetros que possibilitem avaliações sistemáticas, por meio dos diferentes atores sociais, complementando a avaliação da satisfação dos instrumentos já propostos.
Competência de idosos cuidadores informais de pessoas em assistência domiciliar
Authors: Santos Fernanda Gatez Trevisan dos , Harmuch Camila , Paiano Marcelle , Radovanovic Cremilde Aparecida Trindade , Rêgo Anderson da Silva , Carreira Lígia
Published: February 2022

Resumo Objetivos analisar a estimativa condicional do conhecimento, adaptação e preparo nas competências de idosos que exercem o papel de cuidadores informais de pessoas dependentes de cuidado em assistência domiciliar. Método estudo transversal, realizado com idosos cuidadores informais, residentes no município de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre maio e julho de 2019 com um instrumento que avalia as competências cognitivas, psicomotoras, emocionais e relacionais de cuidadores informais de pessoas dependentes de cuidado em assistência domiciliar. O instrumento é constituído por 14 itens e três construtos: conhecimento, adaptação e preparo, sendo a escala de resposta Likert de cinco pontos. Utilizou-se análise de regressão linear para tratamento das variáveis. Resultados participaram do estudo 101 idosos cuidadores informais, e as estimativas condicionais das competências cognitiva e relacional apresentaram maior correlação com adaptação e o preparo. O melhor conhecimento estima maior desenvolvimento da competência psicomotora e cognitiva nas práticas de cuidado. Conclusão e implicações para a prática os conceitos hipotéticos de conhecimento, adaptação e preparo explicam o melhor desempenho das competências cognitiva, relacional e psicomotora de idosos cuidadores informais. Este resultado possibilita o desenvolvimento de novas intervenções educativas aos idosos que desempenham o papel de cuidador informal.
Consensos de professores especialistas de subáreas de conhecimento de Enfermagem: objetivos, conteúdos e métodos
Authors: Menegaz Jouhanna do Carmo , Silveira Stelacelly Coelho Toscano de Brito , Backes Vânia Marli Schubert , Vendruscolo Carine
Published: February 2022

Resumo Objetivo descrever as relações entre objetivos, conteúdos e métodos de ensino em subáreas de conhecimento de Enfermagem a partir do consenso de professores especialistas. Método estudo Delphi em quatro rodadas. Participaram 112 professores de cursos de graduação de Instituições de Ensino Superior públicas do Brasil divididos em sete painéis por subárea. Os dados foram analisados pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo à luz dos conceitos de conhecimento dos objetivos e conhecimento pedagógico de conteúdo de Shulman, transformados nas variáveis qualitativas de interesse, objetivos, conteúdos e métodos de ensino em torno das quais foi buscado consenso. Resultados somente as subáreas Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva e Enfermagem na Gestão e Gerenciamento acordaram objetivos. Conteúdos acertados foram relacionados às políticas públicas e aos programas do Sistema Único de Saúde. Métodos sugerem a coexistência de tradição e inovação. Conclusões e implicações para a prática a tomada de consciência das relações entre os objetivos, conteúdos e métodos utilizados pelos professores impacta a promoção do diálogo e a integração entre as subáreas, implicando, na prática, uma formação profissional potencializada ou frágil em qualidade resolutiva de problemas de saúde.
INFORMATIVE PRODUCTION OF THE WRITTEN PRESS IN ECUADOR FROM A HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Cabrera-Martínez Lourdes Yesssenia , Ureña-López Ricardo Francisco , Chacón Pablo Esteban Lomas , Suárez Franklin Eduardo Falconí
Published: February 2022

This article presents the analysis of the news production of El Extra, La Hora and La Gaceta, three written media in Ecuador with the highest national, regional and local circulation respectively. The objective was to determine to what extent their contents are generated from a human rights perspective. Thus, two aspects were addressed: 1) informative production based on the index of violation of rights in the media, and 2) evaluations of journalistic discourse in relation to themes, sources, images and headlines. A mixed approach was used through content analysis and a focus group (FG) in which journalists participated. Among the most relevant results, the predominance of content that violates rights in two of the three media stands out in the indicators overrepresentation of reality and manipulation, although in the indicators ridicule and misuse of language there is no prevalence, there is a significant frequency of content who use language inappropriately and discriminate against individuals or groups. In addition, the differences in the organizational dynamics of the media affect journalistic routines and need to promote permanent training mechanisms on human rights.
Performance of GCLs after long-term wet–dry cycles under a defect in GMB in a landfill
Authors: Rowe R. K. , Hamdan S.
Published: February 2022

Two geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) with sodium bentonite and three GCLs with polymer-amended bentonite were subjected to wet–dry cycles selected to simulate the conditions to which a GCL on an 18° slope might be subjected: for a GCL below an exposed geomembrane wrinkle with a hole. The wetting involved water flowing over the GCL for 8 h each cycle. Three drying cycles (0.67, 7, and 14 days) were examined. After 12–18 months of wet–dry cycles, the samples were X-rayed to identify representative specimens for testing. The changes in the hydraulic conductivity, k, of the GCLs were obtained when permeated with two synthetic municipal solid waste leachates at an applied head of 0.35 m for a range of effective stresses (3–150 kPa). The results showed an up to four orders of magnitude difference in k depending on applied stress and RMD of the leachate permeant. The effects of the number and the duration of the wet–dry cycles, the GCL mass per unit area, presence/absence of polymer modification, the carrier geotextile, the number and the size of the needle-punched bundles, and the bundle thermal treatment are discussed.