Fungsi Pelaku dan Lingkungan Tindakan dalam Cerita Rakyat Sarolangun
Authors: Janna Roudotul , Nazurty Nazurty , Rahariyoso Dwi 
Published: October 2023

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan serta menguraikan kondisi dan keadaan dari identifikasi aspek-aspek fungsi pelaku, dan lingkungan tindakan yang terdapat pada masing-masing cerita rakyat Sarolangun. Metode penelitian ini berjenis kualitatif yang berbasis pada jenis data berupa satuan kalimat, dialog, narasi yang secara deskriptif akan diuraikan sesuai dengan struktur fungsi pelaku, serta lingkungan tindakan yang terdapat dalam teori struktur Vladimir Propp. Sumber data diambil dari informan yang merupakan penduduk asli daerah Sarolangun dan betul-betul memahami cerita rakyat Sarolangun. Data dalam penelitian didapat dari hasil rekaman dan transkripsi berupa cerita rakyat Sarolangun dengan judul, Putri Putik Kelumpang, Gadis Malang, Abu dan Keris Sakti, Kelakar Si Pongah, Kerbau Beranak Manusia, Si Puti dan Tuan Beruk, Dukun Cindai, dan Tipu Daya Si Kancil. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dalam menganalisis fungsi pelaku dan lingkungan tindakan terhadap delapan cerita rakyat Sarolangun ditemukan data sebanyak 46 fungsi pelaku serta lingkungan tindakan yang berbeda-beda disetiap cerita rakyat Sarolangun berdasarkan teori Vladimir Propp, diantaranya yaitu: Fungsi pelaku dalam cerita Putri Putik Kelumpang ditemukan sebanyak 5 fungsi pelaku  dengan 7  lingkaran tindakan, cerita Gadis Malang ditemukan sebanyak 9 fungsi dengan 4 lingkaran tindakan, cerita Abu dan Keris Sakti ditemukan sebanyak 5 fungsi pelaku dengan 1 lingkaran tindakan, cerita Kelakar Si Pongah ditemukan sebanyak 3 fungsi pelaku dengan 3 lingkaran tindakan, cerita Kerbau Beranak Manusia ditemukan sebanyak 8 fungsi dengan 3 lingkaran tindakan, cerita Putri dan Kak Beruk ditemukan sebanyak 8 fungsi pelaku dengan 3 lingkaran tindakan, cerita Dukun Cindai ditemukan sebanyak 6 fungsi pelaku dengan 4 lingkaran tindakan, cerita Tipu Daya Si Kancil ditemukan sebanyak 2 fungsi pelaku dengan 2 lingkaran tindakan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa masing-masing cerita rakyat Sarolangun memiliki jumlah fungsi dan lingkungan tindakan yang beragam dengan jumlah fungsi terbanyak yaitu 9 fungsi dalam cerita Gadis Malang dan paling sedikit ditemukan 2 fungsi dalam cerita Tipu Daya Si Kancil sedangkan lingkungan Tindakan yang paling lengkap terdapat pada cerita Putri Putik Kelumpang dan paling sedikit terdapat pada cerita Abu dan Keris Sakti. Jumlah fungsi serta lingkungan tindakan yang didapat tentunya dipengaruhi oleh banyaknya aksi pelaku serta kelengkapan alur cerita sehingga kemungkinan untuk munculnya fungsi-fungsi pelaku bisa lebih banyak. Selain itu terdapat beberapa temuan yang jarang atau bahkan belum pernah terjadi dalam cerita rakyat lain.
Abstract
This study aims to describe and describe the conditions and circumstances of identifying aspects of the actor's function, and the action environment contained in each of the Sarolangun folklore. This research method is a qualitative type based on the type of data in the form of units of sentences, dialogues, narratives which will be described descriptively in accordance with the structure of the actors' functions, as well as the action environment contained in Vladimir Propp's structural theory. Sources of data were taken from informants who are natives of the Sarolangun area and really understand the Sarolangun folklore. The data in the study were obtained from recordings and transcriptions in the form of the folklore of Sarolangun with the title, Princess Pistil of Kelumpang, Girl of Malang, Abu and Keris Sakti, Jokes of Si Pongah, Buffalo with Human Child, Si Puti and Tuan Beruk, Shaman Cindai, and Deception of the Kancil . The research results obtained in analyzing the actors' functions and the action environment for eight Sarolangun folklore found data on 46 actors' functions and different action environments in each Sarolangun folklore based on Vladimir Propp's theory, including: 5 actor functions with 7 action circles, Malang Girl story found 9 functions with 4 action circles, Abu and Keris Sakti story found 5 actor functions with 1 action circle, Kelakar Si Pongah story found 3 actor functions with 3 action circles, story Buffaloes give birth to humans found as many as 8 functions with 3 circles of action, the stories of Putri and Kak Beruk found as many as 8 functions of actors with 3 circles of action, the story of Shaman Cindai found as many as 6 functions of actors with 4 circles of action, the story of Tipu Daya Si Kancil found as many as 2 functions of actors d ith 2 action circles. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that each of the Sarolangun folklore has several functions and various action environments with the highest number of functions, namely 9 functions in the Malang Girl story and at least 2 functions are found in the story Tipu Daya Si Kancil while the most complete action environment is in the story Putri Pistil Kelumpang and at least in the story Abu and Keris Sakti. The number of functions and the action environment obtained is of course influenced by the number of actors' actions and the completeness of the storyline so that there are more possibilities for the appearance of the actor's functions. In addition, there are several findings that are rare or even never happened in other folklore.