bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectral Asymptotics in the Semi-Classical Limit
Authors: Dimassi M. , Sjostrand J.
Published: April 2010

Semiclassical approximation addresses the important relationship between quantum and classical mechanics. There has been a very strong development in the mathematical theory, mainly thanks to methods of microlocal analysis. This book develops the basic methods, including the WKB-method, stationary phase and h-pseudodifferential operators. The applications include results on the tunnel effect, the asymptotics of eigenvalues in relation to classical trajectories and normal forms, plus slow perturbations of periodic Schrödinger operators appearing in solid state physics. No previous specialized knowledge in quantum mechanics or microlocal analysis is assumed, and only general facts about spectral theory in Hilbert space, distributions, Fourier transforms and some differential geometry belong to the prerequisites. This book is addressed to researchers and graduate students in mathematical analysis, as well as physicists who are interested in rigorous results. A fairly large fraction can be (and has been) covered in a one semester course.
Business Organization and the Myth of the Market Economy
Authors: Lazonick William
Published: April 2010

This book explains the transitions in twentieth-century industrial leadership from Britain to the United States and, most recently, to Japan, in terms of the changing business investment strategies and organizational structures in these nations. The author criticizes economists for failing to understand these historical changes. The book shows that this intellectual failure is not inherent in the discipline of economics; there are important traditions in economic thought that the mainstream of the economics profession has simply ignored.
Economy and Environment
Authors: Perrings Charles
Published: April 2010

Environmental external effects are evidence of the inability of market prices to reflect the interdependence of economic activities undertaken within a common environment. They are an essential - not a peripheral - feature of all market economics. This essay shows how external effects are produced by the interaction of the economy with its environment, using a classical mass-balance model. No matter how efficient the market may seem to be, the use of market prices to determine depletion and pollution decisions creates more problems than it solves. Far from sharing the stable or relatively stable equilibrium properties of most economic models, the market economy is shown to be forced by its environment through a seemingly chaotic sequence of states. Reliance on the market to accommodate each change of direction merely exaggerates the general instability of the system. The 'market solution' to environmental problems is shown to generate only increasing uncertainty, a progressive myopia, and a heightened risk of conflict.
Reduced Worktime and the Management of Production
Authors: Nyland Chris
Published: April 2010

This book examines the tendency in market economies to reduce the time workers spend at their place of employment and considers the role scientific management has played in this development. The author contends that the changing nature of worktime can be explained by changes in both the capitalistic production process and the demands that this process places on the psycho-physiological capacities of human beings. Between 1870 and 1980, the total annual worktime in major industrialized nations decreased by approximately 40 percent. This accelerated rate of worktime change is discussed in the context of the economic revival of capitalism that began in the first half of the twentieth century and culminated in the 'long boom' of 1945–1970. Professor Nyland argues that this revival is primarily explained by the rapid development and application of the process associated with scientific management. He further asserts that this science has been seriously misunderstood by most modern scholars outside socialist nations.
Redefining the State
Authors: Spulber Nicolas
Published: April 2010

Redefining the State examines in historical perspective the changes of the role of the state with regard to public ownership and the scope of welfare in the main industrial and transitional economies. These changes have given rise to illuminating debates on the state's size, range, and function, and have involved important transformations concerning the boundaries between the public and private sector, the forms and extent of privatization, and the nature and content of public welfare. These debates and transformations are of critical importance to understanding the actual and potential scope of the state in any economy.
The Great Merger Movement in American Business, 1895–1904
Authors: Lamoreaux Naomi R.
Published: April 2010

Between 1895 and 1904 a great wave of mergers swept through the manufacturing sector of the United States' economy. This book explores the causes of the mergers, arguing that there was nothing natural or inevitable about turn-of-the-century combinations. Despite this conclusion, the author does not accept the view that they were necessarily a threat to competition. She shows that most of these consolidations were less efficient that the new rivals that appeared almost immediately, and they quickly lost their positions of market dominance. More over, in most of those few cases where consolidations proved to be more efficient, the nation was better off for their formation. Some exceptions occurred, however, and in these instances anti-trust policy should have had a significant role to play. Unfortunately, the peculiar division of power and authority that characterizes the Federal system of government prevented an effective policy from emerging. Ironically, anti-trust policy proved much more effective against small firms in relatively competitive industries than large firms in oligopolistic ones.
Systemic Text Generation as Problem Solving
Authors: Patten Terry
Published: April 2010

This study explores an approach to text generation that interprets systemic grammar as a computational representation. Terry Patten demonstrates that systemic grammar can be easily and automatically translated into current AI knowledge representations and efficiently processed by the same knowledge-based techniques currently exploited by expert systems. Thus the fundamental methodological problem of interfacing specialized computational representations with equally specialized linguistic representations can be resolved. The study provides a detailed discussion of a substantial implementation involving a relatively large systemic grammar, and a formal model of the method. It represents a fundamental and productive contribution to the literature on text generation.
Stochastic Equations in Infinite Dimensions
Authors: Da Prato Guiseppe , Zabczyk Jerzy
Published: April 2010

The aim of this book is to give a systematic and self-contained presentation of basic results on stochastic evolution equations in infinite dimensional, typically Hilbert and Banach, spaces. These are a generalization of stochastic differential equations as introduced by Itô and Gikham that occur, for instance, when describing random phenomena that crop up in science and engineering, as well as in the study of differential equations. The book is divided into three parts. In the first the authors give a self-contained exposition of the basic properties of probability measure on separable Banach and Hilbert spaces, as required later; they assume a reasonable background in probability theory and finite dimensional stochastic processes. The second part is devoted to the existence and uniqueness of solutions of a general stochastic evolution equation, and the third concerns the qualitative properties of those solutions. Appendices gather together background results from analysis that are otherwise hard to find under one roof. The book ends with a comprehensive bibliography that will contribute to the book's value for all working in stochastic differential equations.
George Eliot's Intellectual Life
Authors: Fleishman Avrom
Published: April 2010

It is well known that George Eliot's intelligence and her wide knowledge of literature, history, philosophy and religion shaped her fiction, but until now no study has followed the development of her thinking through her whole career. This intellectual biography traces the course of that development from her initial Christian culture, through her loss of faith and working out of a humanistic and cautiously progressive world view, to the thought-provoking achievements of her novels. It focuses on her responses to her reading in her essays, reviews and letters as well as in the historical pictures of Romola, the political implications of Felix Holt, the comprehensive view of English society in Middlemarch, and the visionary account of personal inspiration in Daniel Deronda. This portrait of a major Victorian intellectual is an important addition to our understanding of Eliot's mind and works, as well as of her place in nineteenth-century British culture.
The Baum-Connes conjecture forKK-theory
Authors: Uuye Otgonbayar
Published: April 2010

We define and compare two bivariant generalizations of the topologicalK- groupKtop(G). We consider the Baum-Connes conjecture in this context and study its relation to the usual Baum-Connes conjecture.
FAMILIES OF FRACTIONAL FANTAPPIÈ TRANSFORMS
Authors: DOUBTSOV EVGUENI
Published: April 2010

Let Bn denote the unit ball in ℂn, n≥1. Given an α>0, let ℱα(n) denote the class of functions defined for z∈Bn by integrating the kernel (1−〈z,w〉)−α against a complex Borel measure dμ(w), w∈Bn. The family ℱ0(n) corresponds to the logarithmic kernel log (1/(1−〈z,w〉)). Various properties of the spaces ℱα(n), α≥0, are obtained. In particular, pointwise multiplies for ℱα(n) are investigated.
Scottish Labour, Race, and Southern African Empire c.1880–1922: A Reply to Kenefick
Authors: Hyslop Jonathan
Published: April 2010

In his article in the current edition of International Review of Social History, the Scottish historian, Billy Kenefick, argues against my thesis that the labour force of the United Kingdom and the settler colonies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries can be understood as having constituted a linked “imperial working class” in which an ideology of racialized white labour protectionism predominated. Kenefick believes that in South Africa British socialists challenged white labourism, and that Scottish immigrants played a very prominent role in this anti-racist project. My reply traces the relationship between Scottish national identity, imperialism, and the labour movement. It then examines the evidence on the racial politics of Scottish trade unionists in South Africa and argues that, with a very few individual exceptions, they did buy into the ideas of white labourism. Finally, the article considers Scottish labour attitudes to race in the home country, and demonstrates that there was strong sympathy for the racial labour politics of the settler colonies.
Holmboe wave fields in simulation and experiment
Authors: CARPENTER J. R. , TEDFORD E. W. , RAHMANI M. , LAWRENCE G. A.
Published: April 2010

The basic wave field resulting from Holmboe's instability is studied both numerically and experimentally. Comparisons between the direct numerical simulations (DNS) and laboratory experiments result in Holmboe waves that are similar in their appearance and phase speed. However, different boundary conditions result in mean flows that display gradual variations either temporally (in the simulations) or spatially (in the experiments). These differences are found to affect the evolution of the dominant wavenumber and amplitude of the wave field. The simulations exhibit a nonlinear ‘wave coarsening’ effect, whereby the energy is shifted to lower wavenumbers in discrete merging events. This process is typically found to result from either ejections of mixed fluid away from the density interface or vortex pairing. In the experiments, energy is transferred to lower wavenumbers by the ‘stretching’ of the wave field by a gradually varying mean velocity. This stretching results in a reduction of wave amplitude compared with the DNS.
Nonlinear interactions between a free-surface flow with surface tension and a submerged cylinder
Authors: MOREIRA R. M. , PEREGRINE D. H.
Published: April 2010

A submerged cylinder in a uniform stream flow is approximated by a horizontal doublet, following Lamb's classical method. A linear steady solution including surface tension effects is derived, showing that under certain conditions small-scale ripples are formed ahead of the cylinder, while a train of ‘gravity-like’ waves appear downstream. Surface tension effects and a dipole are included in the fully nonlinear unsteady non-periodic boundary-integral solver described by Tanaka et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 185, 1987, pp. 235–248). Nonlinear effects are modelled by considering a flat free surface or the linear stationary solution as an initial condition for the fully nonlinear irrotational flow programme. Long-run computations show that these unsteady flows approach a steady solution for some parameters after waves have radiated away. In other cases the flow does not approach a steady solution. Interesting features at the free surface such as the appearance of ‘parasitic capillaries’ near the crest of gravity waves and the formation of capillary–gravity waves upstream of the cylinder are found.
Stochastic bifurcation analysis of Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: VENTURI DANIELE , WAN XIAOLIANG , KARNIADAKIS GEORGE EM
Published: April 2010

Stochastic bifurcations and stability of natural convection within two-dimensional square enclosures are investigated by different stochastic modelling approaches. Deterministic stability analysis is carried out first to obtain steady-state solutions and primary bifurcations. It is found that multiple stable steady states coexist, in agreement with recent results, within specific ranges of Rayleigh number. Stochastic simulations are then conducted around bifurcation points and transitional regimes. The influence of random initial flow states on the development of supercritical convection patterns is also investigated. It is found that a multi-element polynomial chaos method captures accurately the onset of convective instability as well as multiple convection patterns corresponding to random initial flow states.
Channel flow over large cube roughness: a direct numerical simulation study
Authors: LEONARDI STEFANO , CASTRO IAN P.
Published: April 2010

Computations of channel flow with rough walls comprising staggered arrays of cubes having various plan area densities are presented and discussed. The cube height h is 12.5% of the channel half-depth and Reynolds numbers (uτh/ν) are typically around 700 – well into the fully rough regime. A direct numerical simulation technique, using an immersed boundary method for the obstacles, was employed with typically 35 million cells. It is shown that the surface drag is predominantly form drag, which is greatest at an area coverage around 15%. The height variation of the axial pressure force across the obstacles weakens significantly as the area coverage decreases, but is always largest near the top of the obstacles. Mean flow velocity and pressure data allow precise determination of the zero-plane displacement (defined as the height at which the axial surface drag force acts) and this leads to noticeably better fits to the log-law region than can be obtained by using the zero-plane displacement merely as a fitting parameter. There are consequent implications for the value of von Kármán's constant. As the effective roughness of the surface increases, it is also shown that there are significant changes to the structure of the turbulence field around the bottom boundary of the inertial sublayer. In distinct contrast to two-dimensional roughness (longitudinal or transverse bars), increasing the area density of this three-dimensional roughness leads to a monotonic decrease in normalized vertical stress around the top of the roughness elements. Normalized turbulence stresses in the outer part of the flows are nonetheless very similar to those in smooth-wall flows.
Buoyancy statistics in moist turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: SCHUMACHER JÖRG , PAULUIS OLIVIER
Published: April 2010

We study shallow moist Rayleigh–Bénard convection in the Boussinesq approximation in three-dimensional direct numerical simulations. The thermodynamics of phase changes is approximated by a piecewise linear equation of state close to the phase boundary. The impact of phase changes on the turbulent fluctuations and the transfer of buoyancy through the layer is discussed as a function of the Rayleigh number and the ability to form liquid water. The enhanced buoyancy flux due to phase changes is compared with dry convection reference cases and related to the cloud cover in the convection layer. This study indicates that the moist Rayleigh–Bénard problem offers a practical framework for the development and evaluation of parameterizations for atmospheric convection.
The rich structure of transition in a shear flow
Authors: MULLIN T.
Published: April 2010

Significant advances have been made in applying ideas from nonlinear dynamical systems theory to flows which exhibit sequences of bifurcations in the transition to turbulence. Moreover, the recent discoveries of finite-amplitude states in linearly stable flows holds great promise for a breakthrough in our understanding transition in shear flows. Tsukahara, Tillmark & Alfredsson (J. Fluid Mech., 2010, this issue, vol. 648, pp. 5–33) study a novel variant of a classical shear flow by adding global rotation. The competition between the induced body force and shear-induced instabilities leads to the discovery of a rich and beautiful tapestry of transition sequences.
Holmium:YAG laser: 12-year study of indications for use and outcomes in benign and malignant otolaryngological conditions
Authors: Joseph J , Jaberoo M-C , Dilkes M
Published: April 2010

Background:

We present the largest recorded case series of holmium:YAG laser use in otolaryngology. This laser's hand-held delivery device is easier to manipulate compared with other ENT lasers, and its pulsed delivery mode gives it enhanced cutting and coagulation properties.

Methods and results:

We conducted a 12-year, retrospective study of holmium:YAG laser use in a tertiary referral centre. Sixty-eight patients were included. Nineteen received primary laser treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract (nine with simultaneous neck dissection), and 49 underwent either palatine or lingual tonsillectomy for benign disease. One cancer patient developed a pharyngo-cutaneous fistula, and a second suffered a secondary haemorrhage. No other complications were recorded. There were no local recurrences.

Conclusions:

The holmium:YAG laser is safe and effective for benign and malignant otolaryngological conditions. In cancer treatment, it may be best to delay neck dissection until the primary site has healed, in order to avoid fistula formation.
Lymphoproliferative disorder of nasopharynx after long-standing cyclosporin therapy for psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Leong A C , Yong J , Salama N
Published: April 2010

Background:

The increased risk of developing lymphoproliferative disorders, mainly linked with Epstein–Barr virus infection, is well documented in patients with cyclosporin-induced immunosuppression following organ transplantation. Lymphoproliferative disease is extremely rare in the non-transplant setting.

Methods:

We present the first published case of non-Epstein–Barr virus associated lymphoproliferative disease in a patient receiving long-standing cyclosporin therapy for psoriatic arthritis, which presented as a recurrent nasopharyngeal mass.

Results:

Histological examination showed lymphoid hyperplasia in repeated biopsies. Macroscopic clearance was persistently followed by aggressive recurrence. Spontaneous regression occurred upon cyclosporin withdrawal.

Conclusion:

This rare complication of cyclosporin therapy in non-transplant patients is highlighted from an otolaryngological perspective, as the sole presentation may be a recurrent nasopharyngeal mass. Repeated biopsies showing lymphoid hyperplasia, together with aggressive recurrence, should prompt immediate drug withdrawal to reduce immunosuppression and promote spontaneous regression.
Defectiveness and homophony avoidance
Authors: BAERMAN MATTHEW
Published: April 2010

The idea that certain morphological and phonological irregularities are due to speakers' desire to avoid homophony is widely invoked, yet has also come under strong criticism as an explanation which is neither necessary nor sufficient. In most cases there is no way to resolve the question, since the assumption that something is being avoided is itself a theoretical construct. In this article I attempt to address this last difficulty by looking at gaps in inflectional paradigms – where it is clear thatsomethingis being avoided – that plausibly correlate with potential homophony. These fall into two types: (i)lexical, where portions of the paradigms of two lexeme would be homophonous, and (ii)paradigmatic(i.e. syncretism), where forms within the paradigm of a single lexeme would be homophonous. Case studies of Tuvaluan, Russian, Mazatec, Tamashek and Icelandic confirm the effects of homophony avoidance as a genuine, if non-deterministic, principle.
Ultralight aircraft surveys reveal marine turtle population increases along the west coast of Reunion Island
Authors: Jean Claire , Ciccione Stéphane , Ballorain Katia , Georges Jean-Yves , Bourjea Jérôme
Published: April 2010

Reunion Island in the south-west Indian Ocean once had significant nesting populations of marine turtles but they declined rapidly after human colonization. In 1996, after regular sightings of turtles offshore, an aerial survey programme was initiated to monitor the occurrence of marine turtles and their distribution along the west coast of the island. Between 1998 and 2008, along a 30-km coastline transect between Saint Leu and Saint Paul, a total of 1,845 marine turtle sightings were recorded during 146 flights with an ultralight aircraft. The mean number of turtle sightings per survey increased significantly between 1998 and 2008, and a variety of sizes were recorded throughout the year. Marine turtles were found over coral reef zones and on the outer reef slopes. Spatial distribution may be linked to the topography and substrate of the bottom, which determine the availability of food and shelter. The marine protected area located off Saint Paul seems to have benefited marine turtles as they frequent this area more than other regions on the west coast. These results are encouraging for local organizations working for the conservation of marine turtles on Reunion Island.
Rapid decline of the endemic giant land snailArchachatina bicarinataon the island of Príncipe, Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Dallimer Martin , Melo Martim
Published: April 2010

Terrestrial and freshwater molluscs are amongst the most threatened of all taxa, yet data exist on the distribution and status of only a small proportion of the species. Here we present the results of the first systematic survey of a terrestrial mollusc on the island of Príncipe in the Gulf of Guinea.Archachatina bicarinatahas never been previously surveyed, despite being categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and suffering from unregulated harvesting for food. We found thatA. bicarinatais restricted to primary rainforest and its abundance and probability of occurrence increased as surveyed sites became less accessible. Additional anecdotal evidence from the observations of previous scientific expeditions, local guides and snail harvesters suggested that the species has suffered a dramatic decline in population size and distribution in recent years. We therefore recommend that immediate action be taken to prevent its imminent extinction on Príncipe. The collection ofA. bicarinatafrom protected areas should be banned, as should commercial harvesting and sales. Subsistence collecting should be limited to larger individuals. Our data have been used to inform the management plans for the protected areas on Príncipe and São Tomé, and this should help to ensure the future ofA. bicarinataon both islands.
Population estimates of Endangered Mongolian saigaSaiga tatarica mongolica: implications for effective monitoring and population recovery
Authors: Young Julie K. , Murray Kim M. , Strindberg Samantha , Buuveibaatar Bayarbaatar , Berger Joel
Published: April 2010

The global population of saigaSaiga tatarica, categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List, declined by > 95% at the end of the 20th century, resulting in several conservation initiatives to protect the species. Previously used methods to monitor population trends were inadequate to assess numbers of saiga properly. We report findings from the first survey for Mongolian saigaS. tatarica mongolicato utilize statistically rigorous methodology, using line transect distance sampling in 2006 and 2007 to obtain population estimates in and around the Sharga Nature Reserve, the southern part of the species' current range. We estimate a density of 0.54 and 0.78 saiga km-2in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Our best models suggest that 4,938 (95% confidence interval, CI = 2,762–8,828) saiga occupied the 4,524-km2study area in 2006 and 7,221 (95% CI = 4,380–11,903) occupied the 4,678-km2study area in 2007. Although these estimates, with their large confidence intervals, preclude an assessment of the impacts of conservation initiatives on population trends, they suggest that the Mongolian saiga population is larger than previous reports based on minimum counts, and adequate to support in situ population recovery. Modifications to the survey protocol hold promise for improving the precision of future estimates. Distance sampling may be a useful, scientifically defensible method for monitoring saiga population trends and assessing the effectiveness of conservation efforts to stabilize and recover populations.
The importance of human–macaque folklore for conservation in Lore Lindu National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Riley Erin P.
Published: April 2010

The emerging field of ethnoprimatology focuses on the conservation implications of ecological and cultural interconnections between humans and other primates. The ethnoprimatological research reported here examined how the Tonkean macaqueMacaca tonkeanais situated in the folklore of villagers in Lore Lindu National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Data were collected using ethnographic interview techniques. The interviews revealed that villagers envision monkeys and humans as biologically, ecologically and culturally interrelated. The perceived cultural linkages between humans and macaques, however, are more salient among the indigenousTo Linduthan among migrants. For manyTo Linduthe folklore has resulted in a taboo that prevents them harming the macaques, despite the species’ frequent crop-raiding behaviour. The conservation significance of the taboo is therefore the local protection it affords this endemic primate. This research lends support for the incorporation of informal institutions, such as taboos, in the conservation management of protected areas.
Population status and distribution of freshwater turtles in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Tien-Hsi , Lue Kuang-Yang
Published: April 2010

Because of burgeoning demand in the Chinese market and extensive habitat loss more than half of the freshwater turtle and tortoise species in Asia are categorized as Endangered or Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. To investigate the distribution and status of the native freshwater turtle species of Taiwan a trapping programme was conducted during 2001–2007, yielding a total of 1,828 individuals of four native species at 103 sites.Mauremys sinensiswas the most abundant and widely distributed species; it was collected from 70 sites and accounted for 78.6% of all turtles captures.Mauremys muticacomprised 17.8% at 46 sites.Pelodiscus sinensiswere captured in low numbers at 19 sites. NoMauremys reevesiiwere collected on the main island of Taiwan but the species was found on Kinmen Island near mainland China. Capture success was low at most sites and overall sex ratios were significantly male-biased in all species, suggesting that the freshwater turtles have suffered from the negative effects of habitat disturbance and extensive exploitation. Effective conservation measures are urgently required to ensure the viability of the native freshwater turtle species of Taiwan.
Community protection of the Manas Biosphere Reserve in Assam, India, and the Endangered golden langurTrachypithecus geei
Authors: Horwich Robert H. , Islari Rajen , Bose Arnab , Dey Bablu , Moshahary Mahesh , Dey Nirmal Kanti , Das Raju , Lyon Jonathan
Published: April 2010

The Golden Langur Conservation Project in Assam, India, was initiated to involve local NGOs and communities in protecting the Endangered golden langurTrachypithecus geeiand its habitat on a regional basis within a complex political situation. Since langurs are leaf eaters they are dependent on forests. The Project area, once dominated by militant action and ethnic violence, is in a densely populated area and formerly suffered much illegal deforestation and accompanying reduction in the golden langur population. The Project began with two NGOs and evolved into the formation of a forum of five NGOs focusing on a large proportion of the golden langur range in Assam, and eventually included > 11 newly formed community-based organizations. Each NGO focused on nearby Reserve Forests and their resident langur populations and adjacent human communities. The community-conservation tools used included (1) initial local community awareness campaigns, (2) formation of local Forest Committees and Self Help Groups, (3) a major regional awareness campaign about the golden langur and its forested habitat in the Manas Biosphere Reserve, and (4) creation of a number of village-based Forest Protection Forces. The Golden Langur Conservation Project has resulted in an increase in the total Indian population of golden langurs, control of illegal logging and poaching in two isolated Reserve Forests by formation of a protection force of surrounding village groups, and curtailing illegal logging and increasing forest protection in the Reserve Forests of the Manas Biosphere Reserve by the formation of 10 tribal, government-sanctioned volunteer Forest Protection Forces. The Project created an atmosphere of community awareness of the golden langur and its forests and community interest within the region, with communities taking responsibility for protection of regional forests.
On ‘nothing to distinguish’ Schleiermacher and Otto: reply to Smith
Authors: DOLE ANDREW
Published: April 2010

Responding to my claims in ‘Schleiermacher and Otto on religion’, A. D. Smith has argued that there is ‘nothing to distinguish’ Schleiermacher and Otto on the topics of the naturalistic explanation of religion and divine intervention in the natural order. There are respects in which Smith seems not to have understood my arguments, and his most significant challenge to my claims about Schleiermacher rests on a conflation of two different questions at issue in Schleiermacher's discussion of the incarnation. Further, Smith's correct observation that I have misinterpreted Otto on an important matter is itself coupled with a similar misreading on his part. Smith's arguments prompt me to revise my view of Otto, but not to abandon the idea that he and Schleiermacher assumed different positions on the topics at issue.
Scapegoating the secular clergy: the hermeneutic style as a form of monastic self-definition
Authors: Stephenson Rebecca
Published: April 2010

This article examines Byrhtferth of Ramsey's derogatory comments about the secular clerics in the Enchiridion and suggests that they should not be read at face value as accurate representations of real members of his monastic classroom, but instead should be read as epideictic literature, the literature of praise and blame. Through these portraits of lazy and incompetent secular clerics, Benedictine monks inscribe their own identity by means of a negative example. Particularly important to the monks' self-definition is the skilful deployment of the so-called hermeneutic style, which encodes the values of the Benedictine Reform, especially the reform's emphasis on education.
Lack of association of dengue activity with haze
Authors: WILDER-SMITH A. , EARNEST A. , TAN S. B. , OOI E. E. , GUBLER D. J.
Published: April 2010

Dengue activity depends on fluctuations in Aedes populations which in turn are known to be influenced by climate factors including temperature, humidity and rainfall. It has been hypothesized that haze may reduce dengue transmission. Due to its geographical location Singapore suffers almost every year from hazes caused by wildfires from Indonesia. Such hazes have a significant impact on pollution indexes in Singapore. We set out to study the relationship of dengue activity and haze (measured as pollution standard index) in Singapore, using ARIMA models. We ran different univariate models, each encompassing a different lag period for the effects of haze and temperature (from lag 0 to lag 12 weeks). We analysed the data on a natural logarithmic scale to stabilize the variance and improve the estimation. No association between dengue activity and haze was found. Our findings do not lend support to the hypothesis that haze is associated with reduced dengue activity in Singapore.
An outbreak of neonatal sepsis presenting with exanthematous rash caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: VISWANATHAN R. , SINGH A. K. , MUKHERJEE S. , MUKHERJEE R. , DAS P. , BASU S.
Published: April 2010

Newborns often present with skin conditions ranging from transient benign to severe. An occasional cause of neonatal exanthemic rash is infection due to Gram-positive bacteria, but Gram-negative infection is uncommon. We describe an outbreak of sepsis in 10 neonates over a 2-week period, caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in a level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Seven babies developed an exanthematous maculopapular rash. Molecular analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that all the babies with rash were infected by a single strain of K. pneumoniae which was distinct from the strain recovered from babies without rash.
The use/non-use ofnein the spoken French of university-level learners of French as a second language in the Canadian context
Authors: REHNER KATHERINE
Published: April 2010

This paper presents the results of a sociolinguistic analysis ofneuse/non-use in the spoken French of learners of French as a second language enrolled in their first or fourth year of undergraduate studies in a bilingual university in Ontario, Canada. Specifically, it examines the impact of various linguistic and extra-linguistic factors on the students’ use of the variants and compares the patterns found to previous research onneuse/non-use among Ontario high school FSL learners and on other sociolinguistic variables in the speech of the same university FSL learners under study here. The paper concludes that while many of the same influences are at work in the speech of both the university and high school learners, the precise influences appear to be modified with continued study and that many of these patterns are similar across variables within the university FSL learners’ speech.
Avian population survey in the Floreana highlands: is Darwin’s Medium Tree Finch declining in remnant patches ofScalesiaforest?
Authors: O’CONNOR JODY A. , SULLOWAY FRANK J. , KLEINDORFER SONIA
Published: April 2010

Island species typically exist in pathogen and predator sparse environments before human settlement, and are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of invasive species. In this study, we used the variable circular-plot method to estimate the density of birds in the highlands of Floreana Island, Galápagos Archipelago, where introduced parasites, predators, and habitat degradation are a known threat to endemic species. We recorded the number of birds seen and heard at 15 locations near Cerro Pajas Volcano in 2004 and 2008, an area that harbours the largest expanse of highlandScalesiaforest on Floreana Island. We estimated the change in population density for nine bird species, including five species of Darwin’s finches. We specifically address changes in population density for the locally endemic Medium Tree FinchCamarhynchus pauper, which only occurs on Floreana Island and has a small population size. Comparing 2004 and 2008, our study found lower population density in the Medium Tree Finch, but stable population density in Small Tree FinchC. parvulusand Large Tree FinchC. psittacula. Based on data from three additional highland sites surveyed in 2008, we estimate that the maximum size of the Medium Tree Finch population is 1,620 individuals. In addition to the survey data, we observed breeding males in 2006 and 2008. We found: (1) low nesting success (six out of 63 nests produced fledglings) and highPhilornis downsiparasite intensity, and (2) a biased age structure of the breeding population. No breeding males were one year old in 2006, and no males were five years old in either study year, indicating low reproductive success as well as limited lifespan. This research has contributed to the recent re-evaluation by IUCN, which has changed the Red List status of the Medium Tree Finch from ‘Vulnerable’ to ‘Critically Endangered’.
Setoids and universes
Authors: WILANDER OLOV
Published: April 2010

Setoids commonly take the place of sets when formalising mathematics inside type theory. In this note, the category of setoids is studied in type theory with universes that are as small as possible (and thus, the type theory is as weak as possible). In particular, we will consider epimorphisms and disjoint sums. We show that, given the minimal type universe, all epimorphisms are surjections, and disjoint sums exist. Further, without universes, there are countermodels for these statements, and if we use the Logical Framework formulation of type theory, these statements are provably non-derivable.
Angular momentum of two collided rarefied preplanetesimals and formation of binaries
Authors: Ipatov Sergei I.
Published: April 2010

The mean angular momentum associated with the collision of two celestial objects moving in almost circular heliocentric orbits was studied. The results of these studies were used to develop models of the formation of binaries at the stage of rarefied preplanetesimals. The models can explain a greater fraction of binaries formed at greater distances from the Sun. Sometimes there could be two centers of contraction inside the rotating preplanetesimal formed as the result of a collision between two rarefied preplanetesimals. Such formation of binaries could result in binaries with almost the same masses of components separated by a large distance. Formation of a disk around the primary could result because the angular momentum that was obtained by a rarefied preplanetesimal formed by collision was greater than the critical angular momentum for a solid body. One or several satellites of the primary could be formed from the disk.
Interaction between gas and ice phase in the three periods of the solar nebula
Authors: Tornow Carmen , Kührt Ekkehard , Kupper Stefan , Motschmann Uwe
Published: April 2010

We simulate the chemical processes in the three evolution periods of the solar nebula, which are (i) the quasi-stationary prestellar cloud core, (ii) the gravitationally collapsing protostellar core, and (iii) the evolving gas-dust disk. Our purpose is to identify chemical parameters which reflect special aspects of the interactions between the gas and ice phase in the different periods, e.g. isotopic or molecular ratios. In this study we derive the D/H and 15N/14N ratio of selected compounds as well as the CO2/H2O ratio to measure the fraction of non-polar to polar ice in the grain mantles. The chosen ratios depend on the depletion-enrichment relation between the ice and gas phases driven by the thermal evolution in each period, especially during the collapse. Hence, we have made great efforts in order to derive realistic and compact hydrodynamic models to describe the evolutionary periods of the solar nebula.
The contribution of plutinos to the Centaur population
Authors: Di Sisto Romina P. , Brunini Adrián , de Elía Gonzalo C.
Published: April 2010

We present a study of the dynamical evolution of plutinos recently escaped from the resonance through numerical simulations. It was shown in previous works the existence of weakly chaotic orbits in the plutino population that diffuse very slowly finally diving into a strong chaotic region. These orbits correspond to long-term plutino escapers and then represent the plutinos that are escaping from the resonance at present. Then, we divided the numerical simulation in two parts. First, we develop a numerical simulation of 20,000 test particles in the resonance in order to detect the long-term escapers. We set the initial orbital elements such that cover the present observational range of orbital elements of plutinos. Second, we perform a numerical simulation of the selected escaped plutinos in order to study their dynamical post escaped behavior. We describe and characterize the routes of escape of plutinos and their evolution in the Centaur zone. Also, we obtain that Centaurs coming from plutinos would represent a fraction of less than 6% of the total Centaur population.
Water masers in the Kronian system
Authors: Pogrebenko Sergei V. , Gurvits Leonid I. , Elitzur Moshe , Cosmovici Cristiano B. , Avruch Ian M. , Pluchino Salvatore , Montebugnoli Stelio , Salerno Emma , Maccaferri Giuseppe , Mujunen Ari , Ritakari Jouko , Molera Guifre , Wagner Jan , Uunila Minttu , Cimo Giuseppe , Schilliro Francesco , Bartolini Marco
Published: April 2010

The presence of water has been considered for a long time as a key condition for life in planetary environments. The Cassini mission discovered water vapour in the Kronian system by detecting absorption of UV emission from a background star (Hansen et al. 2006). Prompted by this discovery, we started an observational campaign for search of another manifestation of the water vapour in the Kronian system, its maser emission at the frequency of 22 GHz (1.35 cm wavelength). Observations with the 32 m Medicina radio telescope (INAF-IRA, Italy) started in 2006 using Mk5A data recording and the JIVE-Huygens software correlator. Later on, an on-line spectrometer was used at Medicina. The 14 m Metsähovi radio telescope (TKK-MRO, Finland) joined the observational campaign in 2008 using a locally developed data capture unit and software spectrometer. More than 300 hours of observations were collected in 2006-2008 campaign with the two radio telescopes. The data were analysed at JIVE using the Doppler tracking technique to compensate the observed spectra for the radial Doppler shift for various bodies in the Kronian system (Pogrebenko et al. 2009). Here we report the observational results for Hyperion, Titan, Enceladus and Atlas, and their physical interpretation. Encouraged by these results we started a campaign of follow up observations including other radio telescopes.
Dynamical Maps of the Inner Asteroid Belt
Authors: Michtchenko Tatiana A. , Lazzaro Daniela , Carvano Jorge M. , Ferraz-Mello Sylvio
Published: April 2010

We construct the dynamic portrait of the inner asteroidal belt using the information about the distribution of the test particles, which were initially placed on a perfectly rectangular grid of initial conditions, after 4.2 Myr of gravitational interactions with the Sun and five planets, from Mars to Neptune. Using the Spectral Analysis Method introduced by Michtchenko et al. (2002), we illustrate the asteroidal behaviour on the dynamical maps. We superpose over the maps the information on the proper elements and proper frequencies of the real objects, extracted from the database AstDyS (Milani & Knežević 1994; Knežević & Milani 2003). The comparison of the maps with the distribution of the real objects allows us to detect possible dynamical mechanisms acting in the domain under study: these mechanisms are related to mean-motion and secular resonances. Their long-lasting action, overlaying with the Yarkovsky effect, may explain many observed features of the distribution of the asteroids.
The solar cycle effect on the atmosphere as a scintillator for meteor observations
Authors: Pellinen-Wannberg Asta , Murad Edmond , Brosch Noah , Häggström Ingemar , Khayrov Timur
Published: April 2010

We discuss using high solar cycle atmospheric conditions as sensors for observing meteors and their properties. High altitude meteor trails (HAMTs) have sometimes been observed with HPLA (High Power Large Aperture) radars. At other times they are not seen. In the absence of systematic studies on this topic, we surmise that the reason might be differing atmospheric conditions during the observations. At EISCAT HAMTs were observed in 1990 and 1991. Very high meteor trails were observed with Israeli L-band radars in 1998, 1999 and 2001. Through the Leonid activity, around the latest perihelion passage of comet Tempel-Tuttle, optical meteors as high as 200 km were reported. This was partly due to new and better observing methods. However, all the reported periods of high altitude meteors seem to correlate with solar cycle maximum. The enhanced atmospheric and ionospheric densities extend the meteoroid interaction range with the atmosphere along its path, offering a better possibility to distinguish differential ablation of the various meteoric constituents. This should be studied during the next solar maximum, due within a few years.
Spectroscopic Studies of Comets 9P/Tempel 1, 37P/Forbes and C/2004 Q2 (Machholz)
Authors: Picazzio Enos , Churyumov Klim I. , Chubko Larissa S. , Lukyanyk Igor V. , Kleshchonok Valery V. , de Almeida Amaury A. , Costa Roberto D. D.
Published: April 2010

The results of the analysis of the spectra of comets 9P/Tempel 1, 37P/Forbes and C/2004 Q2 (Machholz) observed in 2004-2005 at Observatório do Pico dos Dias (Brazil), and at Mount Pastukhov (SAO, Russia) are presented.
Cometary gas relations 1P/Halley
Authors: Voelzke Marcos R.
Published: April 2010

Photographic and photoelectric observations of comet 1P/Halley's ionised gas coma from CO+ at 4,250 Å and neutral gas coma from CN at 3,880 Å were part of the Bochum Halley Monitoring Program, conducted at the European Southern Observatory, La Silla, Chile, from February 17 to April 17, 1986.

In this spectral range it is possible to see the continuum formation, motion and expansion of plasma and neutral gas structures. To observe the morphology of these structures, 32 CO+ photos (glass plates) from comet 1P/Halley obtained by means of an interference filter have been analysed. They have a field of view of 28.6 × 28.6 degrees and were obtained from March 29 to April 17, 1986 with exposure times between 20 and 120 minutes.

All photos were digitised with a PDS 2020 GM microdensitometer. After digitisation, the data were reduced to relative intensities, and those with proper calibrations were also converted to absolute intensities, expressed in terms of column densities. The CO+ absolute intensity values still contain the continuum intensity. To calculate the CO+ column density it is necessary to subtract this continuum intensity.

The relations between CO+ and CN in average column density values (NCO+/NCN) are 11.6 for a circular diaphragm with average diameter (Φ) of 6.1 arcminutes which corresponds to a distance from the nucleus (ρ) equal to 6.3 × 104 km; 20.0 for Φ = 7.1 arcminutes and ρ = 7.3 × 104 km; 8.1 for Φ = 8.5 arcminutes and ρ = 8.7 × 104 km; 35.6 for Φ = 11.9 arcminutes and ρ = 1.2 × 105 km; and 31.3 for Φ = 16.7 arcminutes and ρ = 1.7 × 105 km. These values are in perfect agreement with the data for short distances (ρ from 3.9 × 103 to 1.2 × 104 km) and small slit diameters (Φ from 0.4 to 1.2 arcminutes).

With the use of diaphragms with large diameters it is possible to get some information about the outer coma of the comet (in this paper, from 60,000 until 170,000 km away from the nucleus). At these distances, the CO+ column density changes only due to the geometrical dilution, because the CO+ parent molecules are already photoionised or photodissociated.