bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transport of nanoparticles across pulmonary surfactant monolayer: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Xu Yan , Deng Li , Ren Hao , Zhang Xianren , Huang Fang , Yue Tongtao
Published: May 2017

Three types of nanoparticles, including hydrophobic nanoparticles, hydrophilic nanoparticles, and hydrophilic nanoparticles coated with lipids, were found by our molecular dynamics simulations to be transported across the pulmonary surfactant monolayer, but via different pathways, which affect their subsequent interactions with target cell membranes.
Nanostructuring of an alkali halide surface by low temperature plasma exposure
Authors: Hinaut Antoine , Eren Baran , Steiner Roland , Freund Sara , Jöhr Res , Glatzel Thilo , Marot Laurent , Meyer Ernst , Kawai Shigeki
Published: May 2017

Using low temperature plasma to create nanostructures down to single atom vacancies on bulk insulators at room temperature.
How predictive could alchemical derivatives be?
Authors: Muñoz Macarena , Cárdenas Carlos
Published: May 2017

We assess the predictive power ofab initioalchemical derivatives to navigate the space of complex compounds.
Theoretical study of one-electron-oxidized salen complexes of group 7 (Mn(iii), Tc(iii), and Re(iii)) and group 10 metals (Ni(ii), Pd(ii), and Pt(ii)) with the 3D-RISM-GMC-QDPT method: localized vs. delocalized ground and excited states in solution
Authors: Aono Shinji , Nakagaki Masayuki , Sakaki Shigeyoshi
Published: May 2017

Mixed-valence natures of one-electron oxidized salen complexes of group 7 and 10 metals are theoretically investigated by GMC-QDPT, incorporating solvation effects.
Improving the water splitting performance of nickel electrodes by optimizing their pore structure using a phase inversion method
Authors: Ding Ruigen , Cui Shengsheng , Lin Jie , Sun Zijun , Du Pingwu , Chen Chusheng
Published: May 2017

Porous nickel electrodes were fabricated by the phase inversion tape casting method for OER and HER, which showed a cell voltage of 1.65 V to reach 10 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting.
Structure–reactivity relationship in isolated Zr sites present in Zr-zeolite and ZrO2 for the Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reaction
Authors: Gonell Francisco , Boronat Mercedes , Corma Avelino
Published: May 2017

An adequate distribution of co-adsorbed reactants on the catalyst surface determines the activity of Zr-containing materials for the MPV reaction.
Synthesis, structures and thermal decomposition of ammine MxB12H12complexes (M = Li, Na, Ca)
Authors: Hansen Bjarne R. S. , Tumanov Nikolay , Santoru Antonio , Pistidda Claudio , Bednarcik Jozef , Klassen Thomas , Dornheim Martin , Filinchuk Yaroslav , Jensen Torben R.
Published: May 2017

This work presents the structural and thermal properties of ammine metal dodecahydro-closo-dodecaboranes and their reversible ammonia (or hydrogen) storage.
From lignin subunits to aggregates: insights into lignin solubilization
Authors: Zhao Wenwen , Xiao Ling-Ping , Song Guoyong , Sun Run-Cang , He Lilin , Singh Seema , Simmons Blake A. , Cheng Gang
Published: May 2017

A fundamental understanding of lignin solubilization offers structural information that would benefit a variety of value added applications.
Biocompatible and label-free separation of cancer cells from cell culture lines from white blood cells in ferrofluids
Authors: Zhao Wujun , Cheng Rui , Lim So Hyun , Miller Joshua R. , Zhang Weizhong , Tang Wei , Xie Jin , Mao Leidong
Published: May 2017

A biocompatible and label-free method for separation of low-concentration cancer cells from cell lines from white blood cells is developed.
A simple cost effective carbazole–thiobarbituric acid conjugate as a ratiometric fluorescent probe for detection of mercury(ii) ions in aqueous medium
Authors: Kala K. , Vineetha P. K. , Manoj N.
Published: May 2017

A multimode ratiometric Hg2+ selective chemosensor based on a carbazole–thiobarbituric acid conjugate was developed. It responds to the presence of Hg2+ by colorimetry and by fluorescence. The sensor action is demonstrated in both aqueous homogeneous or microheterogeneous media.
Retracted Article: Synthesis of triazolidine-3-one derivatives through the nanocellulose/hydroxyapatite-catalyzed reaction of aldehydes and semicarbazide
Authors: Moodley Vashen , Maddila Suresh , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B. , van Zyl Werner E.
Published: May 2017

First use of the nanocellulose/hydroxyapatite heterogeneous catalyst to produce triazolidine-3-one derivatives from aldehydes and semicarbazide.
A dysprosium-based new coordination polymer and its activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Devi Bandhana , Rani Koner Rik , Halder Aditi
Published: May 2017

A new dysprosium-based coordination polymer (Dy-CP) was synthesized by the solvothermal method and studied for ORR catalysis.
Synthesis of para- and meta-imino- or -amino-methyl pyridyl-appended p-tert-butyl-calix[4]arene or p-tert-butyl-thiacalix[4]arene in 1,3-alternate conformation
Authors: Noamane M. H. , Ferlay S. , Abidi R. , Kyritsakas N. , Hosseini M. W.
Published: May 2017

The multistep synthesis of eight new ligands based on calix[4]arene or thiacalix[4]arene backbones blocked in a 1,3-alternate conformation and bearing four pyridyl units is presented.
Iodine-catalyzed sulfenylation of pyrazolones using dimethyl sulfoxide as an oxidant
Authors: Siddaraju Yogesh , Prabhu Kandikere Ramaiah
Published: May 2017

An iodine catalyzed sulfenylation of pyrazolones with a diverse range of heterocyclic thiols, heterocyclic thiones and disulfides has been described using dimethyl sulfoxide as an oxidant, which is an inexpensive, readily available and green oxidant.
Reaction of azides and enolisable aldehydes under the catalysis of organic bases and Cinchona based quaternary ammonium salts
Authors: Destro Dario , Sanchez Sandra , Cortigiani Mauro , Adamo Mauro F. A.
Published: May 2017

This work describes a two-step sequence to prepare amides in moderate enantioselectivity from azides and enolisable aldehydes that proceeds under chiral phase transfer catalysis.
Balancing the intermolecular forces in peptide amphiphiles for controlling self-assembly transitions
Authors: Buettner C. J. , Wallace A. J. , Ok S. , Manos A. A. , Nicholl M. J. , Ghosh A. , Tweedle M. F. , Goldberger J. E.
Published: May 2017

Through balancing the relative repulsive and attractive intermolecular forces, self-assembling peptide amphiphiles with different sizes but similar pH- and concentration-dependent self-assembly behaviour are created.
Pd-Catalyzed regioselective sequential meta-, ortho-C–H functionalization of arenes: a predictable approach to the synthesis of polysubstituted β-arylethylamines
Authors: Han Jian , Wang Ning , Huang Zhi-Bin , Zhao Yingsheng , Shi Da-Qing
Published: May 2017

Pd-Catalyzed sequential, controllable C–H functionalization of β-arylethylamines at different positions for the construction of polysubstituted arenes is reported.
Enhanced transmittance and piezoelectricity of transparent K0.5Na0.5NbO3 ceramics with Ca(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 additives
Authors: Chai Qizhen , Zhao Xumei , Chao Xiaolian , Yang Zupei
Published: May 2017

Highly transparent lead-free (1 − x)K0.5Na0.5NbO3–xCa(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (abbreviated as KNN–xCZN) piezoceramics were synthesized by a solid state reaction method.
Facile fabrication of layer-cake-like nano-micro hierarchical structure for high performance Li storage
Authors: Mou Lihui , Yu Jia , Liu Lili , Zhang Xiuyun , Chen Shimou
Published: May 2017

Layer-cake-like Co3O4/C with nano-micro hierarchical structure is prepared via a facile process, for high capacity, stability and tap density of Li storage.
Micellization and gelatinization in aqueous media of pH- and thermo-responsive amphiphilic ABC (PMMA82-b-PDMAEMA150-b-PNIPAM65) triblock copolymer synthesized by consecutive RAFT polymerization
Authors: Huang Ye , Yong Ping , Chen Yan , Gao Yuting , Xu Weixiong , Lv Yongkang , Yang Liming , Reis Rui L. , Pirraco Rogério P. , Chen Jie
Published: May 2017

The ABC triblock copolymer molecularly displays diverse properties in dilute solution and concentrated solution at different pH with elevated temperatures.
Electrochemical migration of Sn and Sn solder alloys: a review
Authors: Zhong Xiankang , Chen Longjun , Medgyes Bálint , Zhang Zhi , Gao Shujun , Jakab László
Published: May 2017

The schematic diagram of electrochemical migration of Sn solder alloys joints.
Using highly emissive and environmentally sensitive o-carborane-functionalized metallophosphors to monitor mitochondrial polarity
Authors: Li Xiang , Tong Xiao , Yin Yongheng , Yan Hong , Lu Changsheng , Huang Wei , Zhao Qiang
Published: May 2017

The firsto-carborane functionalized phosphorescent imaging probe of mitochondrial polarity was developed to monitor mitochondria-relevant cellular processes.
Dynamic multicolor protein labeling in living cells
Authors: Li Chenge , Plamont Marie-Aude , Sladitschek Hanna L. , Rodrigues Vanessa , Aujard Isabelle , Neveu Pierre , Le Saux Thomas , Jullien Ludovic , Gautier Arnaud
Published: May 2017

Engineered fluorogenic dyes enable the dynamic switching of the fluorescence color of Fluorescence-Activating and absorption-Shifting Tag (FAST).
Pivalophenone imine as a benzonitrile surrogate for directed C–H bond functionalization
Authors: Xu Wengang , Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: May 2017

Pivalophenone N–H imine undergoes facile directed C–H functionalization and subsequent iminyl radical fragmentation, thus efficiently affording ortho-functionalized benzonitriles.
Structure and spin state of nonheme FeIVO complexes depending on temperature: predictive insights from DFT calculations and experiments
Authors: Lee Na Young , Mandal Debasish , Bae Seong Hee , Seo Mi Sook , Lee Yong-Min , Shaik Sason , Cho Kyung-Bin , Nam Wonwoo
Published: May 2017

The spin states (S = 1 and S = 2) of nonheme FeIVO intermediates are believed to play an important role in determining their chemical properties in enzymatic and biomimetic reactions.
Design of peptide-containing N5-unmodified neutral flavins that catalyze aerobic oxygenations
Authors: Arakawa Yukihiro , Yamanomoto Ken , Kita Hazuki , Minagawa Keiji , Tanaka Masami , Haraguchi Naoki , Itsuno Shinichi , Imada Yasushi
Published: May 2017

The first flavoenzyme-mimetic aerobic oxygenations catalyzed byN5-unmodified neutral flavin were realized with flavopeptides (Fl-Pep) rationally designed by computational calculations.
Deciphering the dynamics of star molecules in shear flow
Authors: Sablić Jurij , Praprotnik Matej , Delgado-Buscalioni Rafael
Published: May 2017

Under shear flow, star polymers tank-tread. We describe another elongational vibration, “breathing”, and relate it with chains’ and rings’ tumbling.
Heterogeneity is key to hydrogel-based cartilage tissue regeneration
Authors: Lalitha Sridhar Shankar , Schneider Margaret C. , Chu Stanley , de Roucy Gaspard , Bryant Stephanie J. , Vernerey Franck J.
Published: May 2017

A combined computational-experimental approach showing the importance of heterogeneity in hydrogel properties and cell distribution, for the interstitial growth of cartilage.
Facile fabrication of N/S-doped carbon nanotubes with Fe3O4 nanocrystals enchased for lasting synergy as efficient oxygen reduction catalysts
Authors: Zeng Shanshan , Lyu Fucong , Nie Hongjiao , Zhan Yawen , Bian Haidong , Tian Yayuan , Li Zhe , Wang Aiwu , Lu Jian , Li Yang Yang
Published: May 2017

Greatly reinforced synergistic effect between in situ precipitated Fe3O4 and NSCNTs contribute to extraordinary ORR performance comparable to that of commercial Pt/C.
First-principles computational studies on layered Na2Mn3O7 as a high-rate cathode material for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Zihe , Wu Dihua , Zhang Xu , Zhao Xudong , Zhang Haichang , Ding Fei , Xie Zhaojun , Zhou Zhen
Published: May 2017

By first-principles computations, we propose Na2Mn3O7 as a high-rate cathode material for sodium ion batteries.
Nanocellulose-based foams and aerogels: processing, properties, and applications
Authors: Lavoine Nathalie , Bergström Lennart
Published: May 2017

This review summarizes the main processing routes and significant properties of nanocellulose-based foams and aerogels.
Metabolizable lanthanum-coordination nanoparticles as efficient radiosensitizers for solid tumor therapy
Authors: Yang Tianbo , Liang Yuan , Hou Jiazi , Dou Yanli , Zhang Wanxi
Published: May 2017

Metabolizable lanthanum-coordination nanoparticles have been rationally designed and used as novel nano-sized radiosensitizers for solid tumor therapy.
Extending the applications for lanthanide ions: efficient emitters in short-wave infrared persistent luminescence
Authors: Liang Yanjie , Liu Feng , Chen Yafei , Wang Xianli , Sun Kangning , Pan Zhengwei
Published: May 2017

Trivalent lanthanide ions Er3+, Yb3+, Pr3+, Nd3+, Ho3+and Tm3+can act as efficient emitters for short-wave infrared persistent luminescence.
Time and Speed of Vascular Pedicle Dissection in Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator Flap Elevation
Authors: Yim Ji , Lee Yeon , Kim Young , Kim Eun , Lee Taik , Yun Jiyoung , Eom Jin
Published: May 2017

Background Breast reconstruction using deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) free flap is widely used because of the advantages of minimizing donor-site morbidity, but it requires technical competency in vascular dissection. This study evaluated the influence of patient factors and vascular status on the time and speed of dissection of the vascular pedicle.

Methods DIEP free flap procedures were performed in 49 patients assigned to immediate or delayed reconstruction groups. Factors that significantly influenced the time required and the speed of dissection were evaluated.

Results The average total dissection time was 55.9 minutes (34.5 minutes for the intramuscular dissection and 21.4 minutes for the submuscular dissection). The dissection speed for the total vascular pedicle was 2.65 cm/10 minutes (1.71 cm/10 minutes for the intramuscular dissection and 4.30 cm/10 minutes for the submuscular dissection). The presence of a Pfannenstiel scar, length of the vascular pedicle in the intramuscular area, and the number of microclips used significantly correlated with the total dissection time.

Conclusion The length of the intramuscular pedicle, number of microclips used, and presence of a Pfannenstiel scar significantly correlated with the total dissection time of the vascular pedicle. An assessment prior to the surgery can reduce the time of operation and make it easier to elevate the flap.
Belastung mit Freizeitlärm unter jungen Erwachsenen: Ergebnisse des ersten Follow-Up der Ohrkan-Kohortenstudie
Authors: Gerstner Doris , Twardella Dorothee , Reiter Christina , Weilnhammer Veronika , Kolb Stefanie , Herr Caroline
Published: May 2017

Ziel Analyse von Änderungen in der Freizeitlärmexposition von Jugendlichen im Verlauf von 2,5 Jahren.

Methoden Die Daten stammen aus der Kohortenstudie Ohrkan. Hierfür wurden 2 149 Jugendliche (größtenteils 15–16 Jahre alt) der 9. Jahrgangstufe von 2009–2011 in Regensburg rekrutiert (O-I). Das erste Follow-up (O-II) fand 2,5 Jahre später statt. In O-I und O-II wurden Fragebogendaten zur Betätigungsdauer mit lärmintensiven Freizeitaktivitäten und Literaturangaben zu dabei zu erwartenden durchschnittlichen Schallpegeln genutzt, um die Gesamtlärmexposition in der Freizeit zu schätzen. Diese wurde mittels Beurteilungspegeln aus dem Arbeitsschutz (unterer Auslösewert/uAW von 80dB(A)) bewertet. Faktoren, die eine Freizeitlärmexposition über 80dB(A) beeinflussen, wurden mittels logistischer Regressionsmodelle untersucht.

Ergebnisse Für 1 704 Teilnehmenden (54% weiblich) lagen Daten zu beiden Zeitpunkten vor. Die Freizeitlärmexposition war in beiden Erhebungsrunden sehr hoch: 75% der Teilnehmenden überstiegen den uAW in O-I, 92% in O-II. Die Zunahme der Lärmexposition ist besonders auf häufigere Diskothekenbesuche zurückzuführen. Die Nutzung von tragbaren Musikabspielgeräten (PLD) sank leicht um 2%, war aber zu beiden Zeitpunkten die Aktivität mit der häufigsten Nennung und der längsten Einwirkdauer. In O-II war ein Beenden der Schulausbildung mit einer hohen Lärmexposition durch PLD assoziiert, während ein höheres Alter mit einer hohen Lärmexposition durch Diskothekenbesuche verbunden war.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ohrkan-Studie zeigt, dass Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene im Freizeitbereich durch unterschiedliche Quellen einer sehr hohen Lärmexposition ausgesetzt sind und dass sich die Hauptquellen der Exposition mit dem Alter ändern. Dieses Wissen sollte für die Entwicklung von Präventionsmaßnahmen genutzt werden, um die Exposition mit Freizeitlärm gezielt zu senken.
Bedeutung von Arbeitsbelastungen bei Rehabilitanden – Anwendung eines Index für Berufstätigkeiten
Authors: Brünger Martin , Spyra Karla
Published: May 2017

Ziel der Studie Es soll die Bedeutung von Arbeitsbelastungen bei Rehabilitanden untersucht werden.

Methodik Es wurde eine Sekundärdatenanalyse einer Untersuchung von 2089 Rehabilitanden der Deutschen Rentenversicherung Bund durchgeführt. Arbeitsbelastung wurde mithilfe des Index nach Kroll anhand der beruflichen Tätigkeit operationalisiert.

Ergebnisse Die Prävalenz hoher Berufstätigkeits-spezifischer Arbeitsbelastung lag bei 11,2%. Es zeigte sich ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zu Reha-relevanten Beeinträchtigungen und zu einer ungünstigen sozialmedizinischen Prognose am Reha-Ende auch unabhängig vom Vorliegen selbstberichteter besonderer beruflicher Problemlagen.

Schlussfolgerung Der Arbeitsbelastungsindex kann Berufstätigkeits-spezifische Arbeitsbelastungen bei Rehabilitanden abbilden. Er bietet aufgrund seiner Konstruktion über die gängigen Berufsklassifikationen breite Einsatzmöglichkeiten bei Nutzung und Verknüpfung von Routinedaten.
High Leptin Level Attenuates Embryo Development in Overweight/Obese Infertile Women by Inhibiting Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis in Granule Cell
Authors: Lin Xian-hua , Wang Hui , Wu Dan-dan , Ullah Kamran , Yu Tian-tian , Ur Rahman Tanzil , Huang He-feng
Published: May 2017

Obesity appears to be associated with female reproductive dysfunction and infertility. Women with obesity undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) had poor oocyte quality, decreased embryo development, and poor pregnancy outcome. However, the mechanism linking obesity to poor reproductive outcomes is still unclear. Obesity is frequently accompanied with elevated leptin levels. Here we aimed to evaluate the effect of high leptin level in follicular fluid (FF) on the proliferation and apoptosis in granule cells and correlate these findings with poor reproductive outcomes in infertile women with overweight or obesity who underwent IVF treatment. We investigated clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates in 189 infertile women who underwent IVF. Leptin levels were quantified in peripheral blood and FF as well. In vitro cell model was used to explore the potential effect of high leptin on the proliferation and apoptosis in granulosa cells. Results showed reduced clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates in overweight/obesity women who underwent IVF compared to control with normal BMI. On the other hand, leptin levels presented significant increase in peripheral blood and FF in overweight/obese women. Leptin level in FF was negatively correlated to good quality embryo rate. Importantly, in vitro study showed that leptin inhibited cells proliferation and promoted apoptosis by upregulation of caspase-3 and downregulation of Bcl-2 in granulosa cells in a dose dependent manner. These observations suggest that leptin may acts as a local mediator to attenuate embryo development and reduce fertility in obese patients.
Die Arbeitszufriedenheit von Berufseinsteigern in den Gesundheitsberufen
Authors: Ulrich Gert , Homberg Angelika , Karstens Sven , Goetz Katja , Mahler Cornelia
Published: May 2017

Einleitung Ziel der vorliegenden Befragung war es, die Arbeitszufriedenheit von Berufseinsteigern in ausgewählten Gesundheitsberufen zu erfassen und determinierende Faktoren der Arbeitszufriedenheit zu identifizieren.

Methoden Es wurden insgesamt 579 Absolventen aus den Berufsgruppen Pflege (P; Altenpflege, Gesundheits- und Krankenpflege, Gesundheits- und Kinderkrankenpflege; n=368), Therapie (T; Physiotherapie, Logopädie; n=102) und Diagnostik (D; Medizinisch-technische Laboratoriums Assistenz, Medizinisch-technische Radiologie Assistenz; n=109) ca. ein Jahr nach Ausbildungsabschluss zu einem Online-Survey eingeladen. Die Arbeitszufriedenheit wurde mittels des Warr-Cook-Wall (WCW) Fragebogens, bestehend aus 10 Fragen, bestimmt. Neben der deskriptiven Analyse wurde eine lineare Regression zur Bestimmung der Einflussfaktoren auf die Arbeitszufriedenheit durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Ausgewertet wurden die Daten von 189 Berufseinsteigern (P: 121, T: 32, D: 36; männlich: 19%; Rücklaufquote: 32,6%). Die Gesamtzufriedenheit mit dem Arbeitsplatz aller Berufseinsteiger betrug 4,9±1,6 (MW±SD) und war bei den T (5,4±1,4) gegenüber den P (4,7±1,6) und den D (5,0±1,5) leicht erhöht. Besonders positiv wurde von allen Berufsgruppen die Zufriedenheit mit Kollegen und Mitarbeitern beurteilt. Eine geringere Zufriedenheit fand sich über die Berufsgruppen hinweg bei der Variable „Einkommen“. Die Variable der Zufriedenheit mit „Kollegen und Mitarbeitern“ zeigte in der linearen Regression die höchste Assoziation mit der Gesamtzufriedenheit mit dem Arbeitsplatz.

Schlussfolgerung Die einzelnen Variablen des WCW-Fragebogens deuten auf gute bis sehr gute Zufriedenheitswerte der von uns befragten Berufseinsteiger hin. Kollegen stellen die wichtigste Quelle für die eigene Arbeitszufriedenheit dar. Vor dem Hintergrund des sich abzeichnenden Fachkräftemangels liefern die Ergebnisse einen wichtigen Beitrag, um die Arbeitszufriedenheit zu erhalten und somit die Versorgungsqualität zu sichern.
Treatment with Mountain-Cultivated Ginseng Alleviates Trimethyltin-Induced Cognitive Impairments in Mice via IL-6-Dependent JAK2/STAT3/ERK Signaling
Authors: Tu Thu-Hien Thi , Sharma Naveen , Shin Eun-Joo , Tran Hai-Quyen , Lee Yu Jeung , Nah Seung-Yeol , Tran Hoang-Yen Phi , Jeong Ji Hoon , Jeong Jung Hwan , Ko Sung Kwon , Byun Jae Kyung , Kim Hyoung-Chun
Published: May 2017

Panax ginseng is the most widely used herbal medicine for improving cognitive functions. The pharmacological activity and underlying mechanisms of mountain-cultivated ginseng, however, have yet to be clearly elucidated, in particular, against trimethyltin-induced cognitive dysfunction. We previously reported that interleukin-6 plays a protective role against trimethyltin-induced cognitive dysfunction. Because of this, we have implemented a study system that uses interleukin-6 null (−/−) and wild-type mice. Interestingly, mountain-cultivated ginseng significantly upregulated interleukin-6 expression. With this study, we sought to determine whether the interleukin-6-dependent modulation of the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer activator of transcription 3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling network is also associated with the pharmacological activity of mountain-cultivated ginseng against trimethyltin-induced cognitive dysfunction. Trimethyltin treatment (2.4 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) causes the downregulation of Janus kinase 2/signal transducer activator of transcription 3, extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling, and impairment of the cholinergic system. We found that mountain-cultivated ginseng treatment (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) significantly attenuated cognitive impairment normally induced by trimethyltin by upregulating p-Janus kinase 2/signal transducer activator of transcription 3, p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling, and the cholinergic system. Trimethyltin-induced cognitive impairments were more pronounced in interleukin-6 (−/−) mice than wild-type mice, and they were markedly reduced by treatment with either mountain-cultivated ginseng or recombinant interleukin-6 protein (6 ng, intracerebroventricular). Additionally, treatment with either AG490 (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), a Janus kinase 2/signal transducer activator of transcription 3 inhibitor, or U0126 (2 µg/head, intracerebroventricular), an extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor, reversed the effects of mountain-cultivated ginseng treatment. The effects of mountain-cultivated ginseng treatment were comparable to those of recombinant interleukin-6 protein in interleukin-6 (−/−) mice. Our results, therefore, suggest that mountain-cultivated ginseng acts through interleukin-6-dependent activation of Janus kinase 2/signal transducer activator of transcription 3/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in order to reverse cognitive impairment caused by trimethyltin treatment.
Unusual energy state evolution in Ce-based metallic glass under high pressure
Authors: Ge T. P. , Wang C. , Tan J. , Ma T. , Yu X. H. , Jin C. Q. , Wang W. H. , Bai H. Y.
Published: May 2017

Metallic Glasses (MGs) are always aging toward the lower energy state, which leads to higher density, modulus, and hardness. We find that high pressure (HP) could lead to similar densification and hardening while the energy is increased. The comparison between two processes under HP and ambient pressure shows that densification happens in denser regions in MGs under HP, while it happens in looser regions under ambient pressure, which leads to the opposite energy changes in the two conditions. This result breaks the common wisdom about the relationship between the free volume and enthalpy and displays different structural and energy evolutions in MGs.
A theoretical study of the dissociative recombination of SH+ with electrons through the 2Π states of SH
Authors: Kashinski D. O. , Talbi D. , Hickman A. P. , Di Nallo O. E. , Colboc F. , Chakrabarti K. , Schneider I. F. , Mezei J. Zs.
Published: May 2017

A quantitative theoretical study of the dissociative recombination of SH+ with electrons has been carried out. Multireference, configuration interaction calculations were used to determine accurate potential energy curves for SH+ and SH. The block diagonalization method was used to disentangle strongly interacting SH valence and Rydberg states and to construct a diabatic Hamiltonian whose diagonal matrix elements provide the diabatic potential energy curves. The off-diagonal elements are related to the electronic valence-Rydberg couplings. Cross sections and rate coefficients for the dissociative recombination reaction were calculated with a stepwise version of the multichannel quantum defect theory, using the molecular data provided by the block diagonalization method. The calculated rates are compared with the most recent measurements performed on the ion Test Storage Ring (TSR) in Heidelberg, Germany.
Angular distributions for the inelastic scattering of NO(X2Π) with O2(X3Σg−)
Authors: Brouard M. , Gordon S. D. S. , Nichols B. , Squires E. , Walpole V. , Aoiz F. J. , Stolte S.
Published: May 2017

The inelastic scattering of NO(X2Π) by O2(X3Σg−) was studied at a mean collision energy of 550 cm−1 using velocity-map ion imaging. The initial quantum state of the NO(X2Π, v = 0, j = 0.5, Ω=0.5, 𝜖 = −1, f) molecule was selected using a hexapole electric field, and specific Λ-doublet levels of scattered NO were probed using (1+1′) resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization. A modified “onion-peeling” algorithm was employed to extract angular scattering information from the series of “pancaked,” nested Newton spheres arising as a consequence of the rotational excitation of the molecular oxygen collision partner. The extracted differential cross sections for NO(X) f→f and f→e Λ-doublet resolved, spin-orbit conserving transitions, partially resolved in the oxygen co-product rotational quantum state, are reported, along with O2 fragment pair-correlated rotational state population. The inelastic scattering of NO with O2 is shown to share many similarities with the scattering of NO(X) with the rare gases. However, subtle differences in the angular distributions between the two collision partners are observed.
A low-drift, low-noise, multichannel dc voltage source for segmented-electrode Paul traps
Authors: Beev Nikolai , Fenske Julia-Aileen , Hannig Stephan , Schmidt Piet O.
Published: May 2017

We present the design, construction, and characterization of a multichannel, low-drift, low-noise dc voltage source specially designed for biasing the electrodes of segmented linear Paul traps. The system produces 20 output voltage pairs having a common-mode range of 0 to +120 V with 3.7 mV/LSB (least significant bit) resolution and differential ranges of ±5 V with 150 μV/LSB or ±16 V with 610 μV/LSB resolution. All common-mode and differential voltages are independently controllable, and all pairs share the same ground reference. The measured drift of the voltages after warm-up is lower than 1 LSB peak-to-peak on the time scale of 2 h. The noise of an output voltage measured with respect to ground is <10 μVRMS within 10 Hz–100 kHz, with spectral density lower than 3 nV Hz−1/2 above 50 kHz. The performance of the system is limited by the external commercial multichannel DAC unit NI 9264, and in principle, it is possible to achieve higher stability and lower noise with the same voltage ranges. The system has a compact, modular, and scalable architecture, having all parts except for the DAC chassis housed within a single 19″ 3HE rack.
Laser-plasmas in the relativistic-transparency regime: Science and applications
Authors: Fernández Juan C. , Cort Gautier D. , Huang Chengkung , Palaniyappan Sasikumar , Albright Brian J. , Bang Woosuk , Dyer Gilliss , Favalli Andrea , Hunter James F. , Mendez Jacob , Roth Markus , Swinhoe Martyn , Bradley Paul A. , Deppert Oliver , Espy Michelle , Falk Katerina , Guler Nevzat , Hamilton Christopher , Hegelich Bjorn Manuel , Henzlova Daniela , Ianakiev Kiril D. , Iliev Metodi , Johnson Randall P. , Kleinschmidt Annika , Losko Adrian S. , McCary Edward , Mocko Michal , Nelson Ronald O. , Roycroft Rebecca , Santiago Cordoba Miguel A. , Schanz Victor A. , Schaumann Gabriel , Schmidt Derek W. , Sefkow Adam , Shimada Tsutomu , Taddeucci Terry N. , Tebartz Alexandra , Vogel Sven C. , Vold Erik , Wurden Glen A. , Yin Lin
Published: May 2017

Laser-plasma interactions in the novel regime of relativistically induced transparency (RIT) have been harnessed to generate intense ion beams efficiently with average energies exceeding 10 MeV/nucleon (>100 MeV for protons) at “table-top” scales in experiments at the LANL Trident Laser. By further optimization of the laser and target, the RIT regime has been extended into a self-organized plasma mode. This mode yields an ion beam with much narrower energy spread while maintaining high ion energy and conversion efficiency. This mode involves self-generation of persistent high magnetic fields (∼104 T, according to particle-in-cell simulations of the experiments) at the rear-side of the plasma. These magnetic fields trap the laser-heated multi-MeV electrons, which generate a high localized electrostatic field (∼0.1 T V/m). After the laser exits the plasma, this electric field acts on a highly structured ion-beam distribution in phase space to reduce the energy spread, thus separating acceleration and energy-spread reduction. Thus, ion beams with narrow energy peaks at up to 18 MeV/nucleon are generated reproducibly with high efficiency (≈5%). The experimental demonstration has been done with 0.12 PW, high-contrast, 0.6 ps Gaussian 1.053 μm laser pulses irradiating planar foils up to 250 nm thick at 2–8 × 1020 W/cm2. These ion beams with co-propagating electrons have been used on Trident for uniform volumetric isochoric heating to generate and study warm-dense matter at high densities. These beam plasmas have been directed also at a thick Ta disk to generate a directed, intense point-like Bremsstrahlung source of photons peaked at ∼2 MeV and used it for point projection radiography of thick high density objects. In addition, prior work on the intense neutron beam driven by an intense deuterium beam generated in the RIT regime has been extended. Neutron spectral control by means of a flexible converter-disk design has been demonstrated, and the neutron beam has been used for point-projection imaging of thick objects. The plans and prospects for further improvements and applications are also discussed.
Using a compositionally step graded hole reservoir layer with hole accelerating ability for reducing efficiency droop in GaN-based LEDs
Authors: Ye Daqian , Zhang Dongyan , Wu Chaoyu , Wang Duxiang , Xu Chenke , Zhang Jie , Huang Meichun
Published: May 2017

We presented a compositionally graded hole reservoir layers(HRL) - an AlGaN/GaN super lattice hole reservoir layer with Al mole fraction multi-step gradient from high to low (GSL-HRL) in this paper. The designed LED with compositionally step graded HRL shows comparable low operating voltage and less efficiency droop. Simulation results reveal that this graded HRL could reserve the hole effectively and the hole in HRL can be energized by the strong electric field due to the polarization caused by different Al contents AlxGa1-xN layers. Such a design makes hole travel across the p-type EBL and inject into the MQWs more efficiently and smoothly. The novel structure of HRL improves the performance of the LED significantly and gives a promising application in high power GaN-based LED in the future.
A compact design for velocity-map imaging of energetic electrons and ions
Authors: Schomas D. , Rendler N. , Krull J. , Richter R. , Mudrich M.
Published: May 2017

We present a compact design for a velocity-map imaging spectrometer for energetic electrons and ions. The standard geometry by Eppink and Parker [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3477 (1997)] is augmented by just two extended electrodes so as to realize an additional einzel lens. In this way, for a maximum electrode voltage of 7 kV, we experimentally demonstrate imaging of electrons with energies up to 65 eV. Simulations show that energy acceptances ≲270 and ≲1200 eV with an energy resolution ΔE∕E≲5% are achievable for electrode voltages ≤20 kV when using diameters of the position-sensitive detector of 42 and 78 mm, respectively.
A depth semi-averaged model for coastal dynamics
Authors: Antuono M. , Colicchio G. , Lugni C. , Greco M. , Brocchini M.
Published: May 2017

The present work extends the semi-integrated method proposed by Antuono and Brocchini [“Beyond Boussinesq-type equations: Semi-integrated models for coastal dynamics,” Phys. Fluids 25(1), 016603 (2013)], which comprises a subset of depth-averaged equations (similar to Boussinesq-like models) and a Poisson equation that accounts for vertical dynamics. Here, the subset of depth-averaged equations has been reshaped in a conservative-like form and both the Poisson equation formulations proposed by Antuono and Brocchini [“Beyond Boussinesq-type equations: Semi-integrated models for coastal dynamics,” Phys. Fluids 25(1), 016603 (2013)] are investigated: the former uses the vertical velocity component (formulation A) and the latter a specific depth semi-averaged variable, ϒ (formulation B). Our analyses reveal that formulation A is prone to instabilities as wave nonlinearity increases. On the contrary, formulation B allows an accurate, robust numerical implementation. Test cases derived from the scientific literature on Boussinesq-type models—i.e., solitary and Stokes wave analytical solutions for linear dispersion and nonlinear evolution and experimental data for shoaling properties—are used to assess the proposed solution strategy. It is found that the present method gives reliable predictions of wave propagation in shallow to intermediate waters, in terms of both semi-averaged variables and conservation properties.
Frequency comb-based time transfer over a 159 km long installed fiber network
Authors: Lessing M. , Margolis H. S. , Brown C. T. A. , Marra G.
Published: May 2017

We demonstrate a frequency comb-based time transfer technique on a 159 km long installed fiber link. Timing information is superimposed onto the optical pulse train of an ITU-channel-filtered mode-locked laser using an intensity modulation scheme. The environmentally induced optical path length fluctuations are compensated using a round-trip phase noise cancellation technique. When the fiber link is stabilized, a time deviation of 300 fs at 5 s and an accuracy at the 100 ps level are achieved.
Tuning the magnetoresistance symmetry of Pt on magnetic insulators with temperature and magnetic doping
Authors: Miao B. F. , Sun L. , Wu D. , Chien C. L. , Ding H. F.
Published: May 2017

We present a comparison study of the temperature dependence of the intriguing magnetoresistance (MR) in Pt/YIG (yttrium iron garnet), Pt/YIGBB (the YIG substrate has been bombarded with Ar+), and Pt/SiO2 (with different Fe doping levels). With decreasing temperature, the MRs in Pt/YIG and Pt/YIGBB change symmetry from Rz = Rx > Ry at room temperature to Rx > Rz > Ry at low temperature. A similar behavior in both Pt/YIG and Pt/YIGBB implies that the underlying physics is due to magnetic scattering, instead of the pure spin current across the interface. By changing the Fe doping level in the SiO2 substrate, we can further systematically modulate the symmetry of MR in Pt/SiO2 (Fe doped). The doping level dependent symmetry can also qualitatively explain the controversy over the MRs of Pt/YIG and similar structures at low temperature.
Capacitance behavior of radio-frequency interdigital capacitor with single- and multi-layer graphenes
Authors: Lee Hee-Jo , Kim Eunho , Jung Jongwan
Published: May 2017

In this paper, we investigate on the capacitance behavior of radio-frequency interdigital capacitor with single- and multi-layer graphenes, 5-μm wide and 20-μm long, grown by chemical vapor deposition. From the obtained results, the self-resonance frequency of the capacitor alone is unaffected by adding single- and multi-layer graphenes. However, the capacitor with single-layer graphenes shows a lower capacitance peak compared to the two other configurations due to an increase of overall resistance by the single-layer graphene. As a result, we find that the performance of the overall capacitor can be dependent on the resistance of graphenes.
High performance MIIM diode based on cobalt oxide/titanium oxide
Authors: Herner S. B. , Weerakkody A. D. , Belkadi A. , Moddel G.
Published: May 2017

Optical rectennas for infrared energy harvesting commonly incorporate metal/double-insulator/metal diodes. Required diode characteristics include high responsivity and low resistance near zero bias with a sub-micron area, which have not been obtainable simultaneously. Diodes based on a new material set, Co/Co3O4/TiO2/Ti and an area of 0.071 μm2, provide a median maximum responsivity of 4.1 A/W, a median zero-bias responsivity of 1.2 A/W, and a median resistance of 14 kΩ. The highest performing diode has a maximum responsivity of 4.4 A/W, a zero-bias responsivity of 2.2 A/W, and a resistance of 18 kΩ.
Adsorptive graphene doping: Effect of a polymer contaminant
Authors: Arter William E. , D'Arsié Lorenzo , Wu Xingyi , Esconjauregui Santiago , Robertson John
Published: May 2017

Transfer-induced contamination of graphene and the limited stability of adsorptive dopants are two of the main issues faced in the practical realization of graphene-based electronics. Herein, we assess the stability of HNO3, MoO3, and AuCl3 dopants upon transferred graphene with different extents of polymer contamination. Sheet resistivity measurements prove that polymer residues induce a significantly degenerative effect in terms of doping stability for HNO3 and MoO3 and a highly stabilizing effect for AuCl3. Further characterization by Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides insight into the stability mechanism. Together, these findings demonstrate the relevance of contamination in the field of adsorptive doping for the realization of graphene-based functional devices.
P dopants induced ferromagnetism in g-C3N4 nanosheets: Experiments and calculations
Authors: Liu Yonggang , Liu Peitao , Sun Changqi , Wang Tongtong , Tao Kun , Gao Daqiang
Published: May 2017

Outstanding magnetic properties are highly desired for two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor nanosheets due to their potential applications in spintronics. Metal-free ferromagnetic 2D materials whose magnetism originated from the pure s/p electron configuration could give a long spin relaxation time, which plays the vital role in spin information transfer. Here, we synthesize 2D g-C3N4 nanosheets with room temperature ferromagnetism induced by P doping. In our case, the Curie temperature of P doped g-C3N4 nanosheets reaches as high as 911 K and the precise control of the P concentration can further adjust the saturation magnetization of the samples. First principles calculation results indicate that the magnetic moment is primarily due to strong hybridization between p bonds of P, N, and C atoms, giving the theoretical evidence of the ferromagnetism. This work opens another door to engineer a future generation of spintronic devices.
Picosecond Fresnel transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Schliep Karl B. , Quarterman P. , Wang Jian-Ping , Flannigan David J.
Published: May 2017

We report the demonstration of picosecond Fresnel imaging with an ultrafast transmission electron microscope (UEM). By operating with a low instrument repetition rate (5 kHz) and without objective-lens excitation, the picosecond demagnetization of an FePt film, via in situ, femtosecond laser excitation, is directly imaged. The dynamics are quantified and monitored as a time-dependent change in the degree of electron coherence within the magnetic domain walls. The relative coherence of conventional (thermionic) Fresnel transmission electron microscopy is also directly compared to that of Fresnel UEM through the domain-wall size. Further, the robustness and reversibility of the domain-wall dynamics are illustrated by repeating the picosecond image scans at defocus values having the same magnitude but different signs (e.g., +25 mm vs. −25 mm). Control experiments and approaches to identifying and isolating systematic errors and sources of artifacts are also described. This work, and continued future developments also described here, opens the way to direct correlation of transient structure, morphology, and magnetic dynamics in magnetic thin films and spintronic devices.
Optical coupling between atomically thin black phosphorus and a two dimensional photonic crystal nanocavity
Authors: Ota Yasutomo , Moriya Rai , Yabuki Naoto , Arai Miho , Kakuda Masahiro , Iwamoto Satoshi , Machida Tomoki , Arakawa Yasuhiko
Published: May 2017

Atomically thin black phosphorus (BP) is an emerging two dimensional (2D) material exhibiting bright photoluminescence in the near infrared region. Coupling its radiation to photonic nanostructures will be an important step toward the realization of 2D material based nanophotonic devices that operate efficiently in the near infrared region, which includes the technologically important optical telecommunication wavelength bands. In this letter, we demonstrate the optical coupling between atomically thin BP and a 2D photonic crystal nanocavity. We employed a home-build dry transfer apparatus for placing a thin BP flake on the surface of the nanocavity. Their optical coupling was analyzed through measuring cavity mode emission under optical carrier injection at room temperature.
Waveform control of enhanced THz radiation from femtosecond laser filament in air
Authors: Wang Tie-Jun , Ju Jingjing , Liu Yaoxiang , Li Ruxin , Xu Zhizhan , Leang Chin See
Published: May 2017

We report on a waveform control of enhanced THz radiation along a femtosecond laser filament in air with a high voltage technique. By applying a DC high-voltage electric field from two sharp electrodes in a direction parallel to the laser filament and scanning it along the filament, the longitudinal evolution of amplified THz emission was demonstrated. By changing the position of the pair of electrodes along the laser filament, different waveforms of THz radiation were obtained. Due to the change of the plasma density distribution at the leading and trailing ends of a laser filament, the enhanced THz waveforms could have a phase shift of ∼π. The technique is very simple. It could help to understand the THz generation process through external electric field assisted laser filamentation.
Mapping three-dimensional near-field responses with reconstruction scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy
Authors: Wang Haomin , Wang Le , Jakob Devon S. , Xu Xiaoji G.
Published: May 2017

Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) enables mapping of nanoscale field distributions in two dimensions. However, the standard s-SNOM technique lacks direct resolving ability along the vertical direction, therefore unable to provide full three-dimensional near-field responses. Here, we develop a reconstruction technique that enables s-SNOM to collect a three-dimensional response cube of near-field interaction. The technique also allows a new operational mode of s-SNOM based on the characteristic decay range of near-field interactions. As a demonstration, the bound near-field at the sides of a polaritonic boron nitride nanotube is revealed through the collection of the near-field response cube. The graphene boundary and discontinuities are revealed by the near-field decay range mapping. The reconstruction s-SNOM technique extends the capability of s-SNOM and is generally applicable for a wide range of nanoscale characterizations that are suitable for s-SNOM, such as characterizations of plasmonic and polaritonic nanostructures.
Electrodeposition of Ni–Mo and Ni–Mo-(nano Al2O3) multilayer coatings
Authors: Rezaeiolum A. , Aliofkhazraei M. , Karimzadeh A. , Rouhaghdam A. S. , Miresmaeili R.
Published: May 2017

In the present work, multilayer Ni–Mo–Al2O3 and Ni–Mo coatings were fabricated on the low-carbon steel using pulse electrodeposition technique from a citrate-ammonia bath. The coatings with different number of layers (32, 128 and 512) were electrodeposited by the periodic alteration of duty cycle (between 20 and 90%) at a constant frequency of 400 Hz and an average current density of 6 A dm−2. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was estimated using potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance techniques and wear properties was also evaluated using pin-on-disk wear test. Potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance in 3.5 wt-% NaCl solution showed that 128-layer nanocomposite coatings had the highest corrosion resistance. By increasing the number of the layers in Ni–Mo coatings, their hardness was improved from 563 ± 20 Hv0.1 to 714 ± 42 Hv0.1, while the wear rate was decreased from 9.87 to 5.16 μg N−1 m−1. The addition of nanoparticles showed favourable impacts on the coatings hardness and wear properties.
Can Amphibians Help Conserve Native Fishes?
Authors: Clancy Niall G.
Published: May 2017

Native fish populations have continued to decline worldwide despite advances in management practices. As such, new approaches are needed to complement the old. In many flowing and standing waters, larval amphibians are the dominant vertebrate taxa. This can be important to fisheries due to amphibians’ ability to influence macroinvertebrate communities, alter benthic habitat, and supply nutrients in aquatic systems. These changes can, in turn, affect the ecology and fitness of other aquatic organisms such as fishes. Due to their large effects in some systems, it is suggested that fisheries managers carefully consider actions that may affect amphibian populations and actively conserve them in some cases. Preservation of riparian areas and amphibian-associated microhabitats may even be used as a tool to positively impact freshwater fisheries by conserving amphibians that help maintain aquatic systems. Therefore, knowledge of local amphibian life histories and behaviors may be important in conserving associated freshwater fisheries.