bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marginal Perspectives: Sourcing Epi-Palaeolithic to Chalcolithic Obsidian from the Öküzini Cave (SW Turkey)
Authors: Carter Tristan , Le Bourdonnec François-Xavier , Kartal Metin , Poupeau Gérard , Calligaro Thomas , Moretto Philippe
Published: October 2015

Fifty-six pieces of obsidian from the Öküzini Cave in SW Anatolia were elementally characterised using particle induced X-ray emission [ PIXE], the artefacts coming from strata that span the early Epi-Palaeolithic to Late Chalcolithic. The obsidian comes from two sources in southern Cappadocia, East Göllü Dağ and Nenezi Dağ (380 km distant), representing the earliest evidence for these sources’ use at distance. The cave’s inhabitants perpetually existed on the margins of those socio-economic networks responsible for the circulation of these central Anatolian resources, obsidian only rarely crossing the cultural boundaries that separated the cave’s populations from their contemporaries in the Konya Plain and Cilicia.
The Birth of a Concept and the Origins of the Neolithic: A History of Prehistoric Farmers in the Near East
Authors: Verhoeven Marc
Published: October 2015

Obviously, in the Near East and elsewhere the Neolithic was a period of very important developments, first and foremost the establishment of agriculture and sedentism. However, many of its defining features, such as village life, cultivation of plants and resource management, were already present in the Palaeolithic. This should make us aware of the potential arbitrariness of current typo-chronological categories such as ‘ the Neolithic’. More fundamentally, we need to be critical of the notion of ‘ progress’ and our inclination to create oppositions (e. g. foragers vs. farmers). The Neolithic was not a revolution, but just one among many other important stages in the history of humanity.
New Evidence from Southern Jordan: Rethinking the Role of Architecture in Changing Societies at the Beginning of the Neolithic Process
Authors: Finlayson Bill , Kuijt Ian , Mithen Steven , Smith Sam
Published: October 2015

The development of architecture and settlement is central to discussions concerning the Neolithic transformation as the very visible evidence for the changes in society that run parallel to the domestication of plants and animals. Architecture has been used as an important aspect of models of how the transformation occurred, and as evidence for the sharp difference between huntergatherer and farming societies. We suggest that the emerging evidence for considerable architectural complexity from the early Neolithic indicates that some of our interpretations depend too much on a very basic understanding of structures which are normally seen as being primarily for residential purposes and containing households, which become the organising principle for the new communities which are often seen as fully sedentary and described as villages. Recent work in southern Jordan suggests that in this region at least there is little evidence for a standard house, and that structures are constructed for a range of diverse primary purposes other than simple domestic shelters.
Home is where we keep our food: The origins of agriculture and Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic food storage
Authors: Kuijt Ian
Published: October 2015

Les archéologues ont longtemps considéré que le développement du système de stockage constituait une étape majeure dans le processus socio-économique de néolithisation, contribuant à la domestication des plantes, à des modes de vie sédentaires allant en s’accroissant et à une nouvelle organisation sociale. Dans le même temps notre compréhension du matériel associé au stockage des aliments est restée peu développée et dans de nombreux cas les archéologues ont eu de grandes difficultés à quantifier de façon significative l’importance du stockage de nourriture à travers le temps. Cette difficulté est sans aucun doute liée en partie à l’absence de visibilité de certaines formes de stockage au sein des villages néolithiques, avec pour résultat probable une connaissance médiocre des pratiques de stockage au Néolithique. Dans cette étude, je commente une série de données relatives au stockage alimentaire, à partir surtout des découvertes du Sud levantin, à la fi n du PPNB. Dans une perspective alternative, les bâtiments circulaires de ‘ Ain Ghazal, souvent interprétés comme des témoignages de pratiques rituelles, ont pu en réalité avoir servi à la préparation et au stockage des aliments.
Les réserves de la biosphère se dotent d'un statut international : enjeux et perspectives
Authors: Jardin Mireille
Published: October 2015

Les réserves de biosphère, désignées par l'UNESCO dans la cadre du programme MAB (l'Homme et la biosphère), ont été créées pour promouvoir une nouvelle approche de la conservation, qui se veut différente de la conception traditionnelle des parcs nationaux. Il s'agit d'associer les populations concernées et de montrer que la conservation peut s'accompagner de pratiques d'utilisation des ressources naturelles. Ce sont également des sites privilégiés pour la recherche et la surveillance continue de la diversité biologique. Le réseau mondial qu'elles constituent vise à couvrir tous les systèmes écologiques représentatifs des grandes régions biogéographiques, ainsi que différentes formes d'interventions humaines. Il permet les recherches en coopération et les échanges de données. Avec l'adoption par une résolution de la Conférence générale de l'UNESCO d'un texte portant statut du Réseau, celui-ci dispose désormais de règles de fonctionnement adoptées par tous les Etats membres et bénéficie d'une visibilité accrue.
SUBJECTIVELY AND OBJECTIVELY INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY INDICES OF THE SUBURBAN RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: LAZAUSKAITĖ Dovilė , BURINSKIENĖ Marija , PODVEZKO Valentinas
Published: October 2015

The development of suburban residential areas influences the increasingly growing disparities between residential areas of a local municipal network. Real positive indicator values of settlements are usually used by planners to characterise the residential quality of a suburban settlement and to decide on its future development. These values frequently differ from choices made by urban residents on living under conditions of such interpretive suburban residential quality. It is the essence of spontaneous development in suburbs. This article aims to devise an integrated evaluation instrument that combines the objective and subjective evaluation of the quality indices of suburban residential environment. It introduces the following topics: (1) the identification of subjective and objective indices of the suburban residential environment; (2) development of the previous conceptual model of subjectively and objectively integrated quality indices used for the assessment of the suburban residential environment, and (3) comparison of suburban settlements by the existing conditions of the residential quality and the quality of the residential environment expected by potential residents. This piece of work is a part of a wider research.
IDENTIFYING KEY DETERMINANTS OF HOUSING SALES AND TIME-ON-THE-MARKET (TOM) USING FUZZY COGNITIVE MAPPING
Authors: FERREIRA Fernando A. F. , JALALI Marjan S.
Published: October 2015

Price and residential housing attributes have long been identified as key determinants of home sales and, as such, they can explain time-on-the-market (TOM). It is acknowledged, however, that there are other factors (or determinants) that influence home sales and TOM, which are of great importance but seldom taken into account in the appraisal process of residential real estate. Based on the use of fuzzy cognitive mapping, we propose a framework that adds value to the way that key determinants of housing sales and TOM are identified. This framework is the result of a process involving several residential real estate experts (i.e.appraisers and realtors), and follows a constructivist approach. Our findings suggest that the use of fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) allows the number of omitted determinants to be reduced and the understanding of the relationships between them to be improved. The strengths and weaknesses of our methodological framework are also discussed.
Prevalence of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance among Young Adults Attending HIV Counselling and Testing Clinics in Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Mutagoma Mwumvaneza , Ndahimana Jean d'Amour , Kayirangwa Eugenie , Dahourou Anicet G , Balisanga Helen , DeVos Joshua R , McAlister David , Yang Chunfu , Bertagnolio Silvia , Riedel David J , Nsanzimana Sabin
Published: October 2015

Background

Scaling-up antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings has raised concerns of emerging HIV drug resistance (DR) and its transmission to newly infected individuals. To assess the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in recently HIV-infected individuals, a WHO TDR threshold survey was conducted among young adults in Kigali, Rwanda.

Methods

Between May and July 2011, HIV subtype and genotyping were performed on dried blood spots (DBS) prepared from blood specimens collected from newly HIV-diagnosed and ART-naive individuals aged 15 to 21 years in eight HIV voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) sites in Kigali.

Results

In total, 57 of the 68 DBS collected from eligible participants were successfully amplified. The median age of participants was 20 years and 86% were female. Most participants (96%) were infected with subtype A1 virus. Two participants (4%) had the K103N non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutation and one (2%) had the M46L protease inhibitor (PI) mutation. The TDR prevalence was 3.5% (95% CI 0.4, 12.1) for NNRTI and 1.8% (95% CI 0.0, 9.4) for PI.

Conclusions

The prevalence of HIV TDR in VCT attendees in Kigali was characterized as low (<5%) for all drug classes according to the WHO HIV DR threshold survey methodology. Despite a decade of widespread ART in Rwanda, TDR prevalence remains low, and so the current first-line ART regimens should continue to be effective. However, as scale-up of ART continues, frequent HIV DR surveillance is needed to monitor the effectiveness of available ART regimens at the population level.
L’accueil des mineurs isolés étrangers : un défi face à de multiples paradoxes
Authors: Radjack Rahmethnissah , Hieron Sabrina , Woestelandt Laure , Moro Marie Rose
Published: October 2015

L’administration définit les mineurs isolés étrangers comme des mineurs étrangers sans représentant légal en France. Souvent, ils fuient la guerre et la misère, tentent de rejoindre des lieux pour se reconstruire et vivre. Pour ceux qui parviennent à destination, les obstacles restent nombreux ; et la confrontation au réel de la migration, brutale. Nous présentons ici la situation de Merveille, jeune Congolais, pour illustrer l’impact des ruptures répétées dans l’accompagnement de ces jeunes, et abordons la question du recours au scolaire comme recours psychique possible. Si Merveille n’a pas subi de décompensation psychique, du fait de ses capacités de résilience, cela n’est pas le cas pour nombre de jeunes isolés étrangers. Nous faisons donc un point sur l’accès aux soins psychiques, et l’adaptation des professionnels souvent nécessaire face à cette clinique de l’errance.
Les mineurs isolés étrangers. De l’assignation paradoxale comme épreuve de professionnalité
Authors: Petrouchine Roman , Konaré Bintily , Zeroug-Vial Halima
Published: October 2015

Le mineur isolé étranger est assigné, dans le cadre de sa conceptualisation comme de son accompagnement, au champ juridique. Or les paradigmes qui régissent sa prise en charge entrent en contradiction les uns avec les autres. Qui plus est, les jeunes et les professionnels sont pris dans une chronopolitique de l’urgence : la condition à l’obtention d’une régularisation est la réalisation en quelques mois de procédures à la complexité kafkaïenne. Enfin, la possibilité juridique récente d’opérer au déplacement des mineurs isolés étrangers d’un département à l’autre peut réactiver les angoisses de séparation des jeunes, quand les processus psychiques du jeune sont justement marqués du sceau du trauma. On observe une inadéquation des temporalités et des spatialités, subjective d’une part, institutionnelle d’autre part, ce qui constitue pour les accompagnants une épreuve de professionnalité particulière.
Freud à Thélème ou la psychanalyse appliquée au travail social avec des jeunes en grande difficulté
Authors: Blaquière Hélène , Katzarov Georgy
Published: October 2015

Cet article aborde la question de l’application de la psychanalyse dans le champ du travail social à travers la description du fonctionnement de « Thélèmythe », une institution particulière, partenaire de l’Aide sociale à l’enfance, qui prend en charge des adolescents en difficulté. Il propose une esquisse de l’histoire de l’institution ainsi que quelques exemples du travail clinique qui peut s’y produire. La question théorique de fond étant : comment peut-on penser ou repenser la possibilité de l’aide sociale, appliquée notamment aux jeunes mineurs et jeunes majeurs, tout en faisant la part aux hypothèses freudiennes et à tout ce que la psychanalyse nous a appris dans la clinique de l’enfance, de l’adolescence et des psychoses ?
À l’écoute de l’adolescent(e) épileptique pensant. De l’enseignement clinique du symptôme à la survivance
Authors: Simonin Marie-Luce
Published: October 2015

À l’adolescence, la prise de risque nous paraît nécessaire pour le sujet en devenir. À partir de la situation de Justine et Don Juan, adolescents épileptiques accueillis en Institut thérapeutique éducatif et pédagogique, nous questionnerons les spécificités des accompagnements, lorsque les intrications neurologiques, psychologiques et sociales s’entremêlent. La lecture du symptôme est proposée dans ce cheminement comme voie d’entrée. Les séquelles neuropsychodynamiques s’inscriraient dans des effets de collision (collapsus topique) entre la réalité extérieure et la réalité intérieure. Le passeur, professionnel de la relation du soin, en appellera à la survivance, dans des actions parlantes.
Vers un rapprochement de l’employabilité et de la gestion des compétences : grille de lecture théorique et illustrations empiriques
Authors: Loufrani-Fedida Sabrina , Oiry Ewan , Saint-Germes Ève
Published: October 2015

Cet article vise à clarifier le lien employabilité-compétences individuelles, en proposant un rapprochement à partir des conventions d’évaluation de l’employabilité. Notre analyse théorique permet de mettre en évidence et de comprendre les figures des compétences individuelles « derrière » chaque manière d’évaluer l’employabilité. La grille de lecture théorique proposée intègre et articule clairement les quatre conventions d’évaluation de l’employabilité (biographique, différentielle, supportée et projective) définies par Saint-Germes (2007, 2010) et les quatre figures de la compétence individuelle (détenue, reconnue, mobilisée et potentielle) issues de la typologie de Retour (2005). Les perspectives offertes par notre grille de lecture sont illustrées par deux études de cas (IBM et Air Littoral), menées dans des contextes « emblématiques » de la gestion de l’articulation employabilité-compétences individuelles (gestion stratégique des compétences pour le cas IBM, accompagnement au reclassement externe de salariés licenciés pour le cas Air Littoral). Au-delà des apports théoriques de la grille de lecture proposée, notre recherche offre aux DRH et acteurs de l’emploi une grille d’aide à la décision, leur permettant de réaliser des choix plus avisés sur les formes d’employabilité et de compétences individuelles qu’ils entendent développer dans (ou pour) les organisations et leur fournir par là-même des leviers d’action pour cela.
La tragédie du paysage. Mort et résurgences de la peinture d'histoire
Authors: Wat Pierre
Published: October 2015

Siècle de guerres, de conquêtes, de révolutions, d'empires construits et détruits, le xix e  siècle, comme sous le coup de ce trop-plein d'histoire, voit le grand genre vaciller dans ce qui semble alors être l'ultime soubresaut d'une crise déjà ancienne. Ce diagnostic de mort par épuisement de la peinture d'histoire est partagé par la génération des artistes romantiques, et tout particulièrement par ceux qui, en Allemagne comme en Angleterre, choisissent de vouer leur vie au paysage. Philippe Otto Runge, Caspar David Friedrich, John Constable, Joseph Mallord William Turner : tous ne peignent quasiment que des paysages, mais, chacun à sa manière, tous pensent leur pratique non pas comme une substitution d'un genre à un autre, mais bien telle une relève, par le paysage, d'une peinture d'histoire désormais proclamée défaillante.
L'histoire entre peinture et vignette. La peinture de « genre anecdotique » dans les almanachs dédiés aux dames, 1800-1840
Authors: Deneer Eveline
Published: October 2015

Pendant les premières décennies du xix e siècle, l'engouement pour les scènes historiques intimistes et anecdotiques de la peinture dite « genre anecdotique » ne se limitait pas au monde du Salon, des collectionneurs et de la critique. Cet article examine la réception de cette peinture à partir d'une source peu étudiée : les almanachs dédiés aux femmes. Bon marché et largement diffusés, les almanachs littéraires constituent un médium accessible à une grande partie de la classe moyenne. Suivant l'exemple du fameux Almanach des dames, nombre d'entre eux étaient illustrés de gravures de reproduction d'après des peintures anciennes et contemporaines. La peinture de « genre anecdotique », avec son approche sentimentale et souvent moralisatrice de l'histoire, y tient une place particulière et révélatrice, qui mérite d'être examiné de plus près.
Galerie des Batailles et histoire-bataille
Authors: Déruelle Aude
Published: October 2015

Prônant une histoire des mœurs qui s'attache à l'historicité de chaque période, l'historiographie romantique se détourne de « l'histoire-bataille » (Monteil), accusée d'être une histoire des dates et des grands. Au rebours de ces principes, la Galerie des Batailles célèbre les victoires françaises en déployant une vision à la fois héroïsée et uniforme du passé historique, de Clovis à Napoléon. S'il témoigne de la politique de l'histoire menée par le régime de Juillet, ce dispositif muséographique n'en pointe pas moins la problématique réintégration de la bataille dans une conception révolutionnée de l'histoire en mettant au jour les tensions inhérentes à la représentation de cet objet trente ans après la geste napoléonienne, ce qui permet d'approcher les relations concurrentielles entre peinture d'histoire et écriture de l'histoire durant les années 1830.
Le dispositif photo-littéraire. Texte et photographies dans Bruges-la-Morte
Authors: Henninger Véronique
Published: October 2015

Publié en 1892, Bruges-la-Morte de Georges Rodenbach est le premier ouvrage littéraire illustré par la photographie. Cette association presque expérimentale du texte et de l'image photographique, qui invite le lecteur à de nouveaux parcours d'interprétation, fonde le concept de « dispositif photo-littéraire ». Une correspondance quasi paradoxale s'établit entre un texte, tenu pour un exemple de roman symboliste, et un médium fortement connoté comme réaliste par les contemporains de Rodenbach. Toutefois ce rapprochement marque aussi l'écart entre deux systèmes de signes qui ne sauraient se confondre : la photographie ne remplace pas la description littéraire.
Ce que la publicité presse-magazine nous signifie de bébé
Authors: Mermilliod Yves
Published: October 2015

On pourrait s’attendre à pléthore de clichés de bébés dans la presse spécialisée parents-enfants, des bébés souriants habilement mis en scène, aux yeux bleus et jouant de leur potentiel émotionnel. Le panorama révèle moins d’abondance et plus de variations. L’analyse pluritechnique montre bien une utilisation récurrente de cette fibre émotionnelle, mais où la métaphore de la joie et de la douceur est majoritairement conjuguée à une absence d’effets qui induit la sincérité. Si les photographies restent centrées sur le bébé, les visuels jouent aussi sur l’humeur et l’affectif, le bien-être et l’intimité.
Reflectancia solar de las envolventes opacas de la ciudad y su efecto sobre las temperaturas urbanas
Authors: Alchapar N. , Correa E.
Published: October 2015

La selección adecuada de las envolventes contribuye a disminuir las temperaturas de la ciudad. En este trabajo se caracterizó el comportamiento térmico de 150 materiales disponibles a nivel local mediante el Índice de Reflectancia Solar (SRI) y se determinó su impacto sobre la temperatura urbana. Para ello se simularon 6 escenarios en la ciudad de Mendoza- Argentina, mediante el uso del software ENVI-met. Los resultados revelaron que aunque el color es una variable determinante del desempeño térmico superficial de un material su comportamiento puede ser mejorado o empobrecido por el efecto de otras características como: terminación, composición y envejecimiento. A igualdad de color, estas características pueden modificar la temperatura superficial de un material entre 20 y 29 °C. A escala urbana, los resultados muestran que la selección adecuada de materiales de la envolvente urbana podría disminuir hasta 3 °C la temperatura del aire y 12 °C la temperatura de las superficies.
Le Livre de fabrication de la compagnie générale des phonographes cinématographes et appareils de précision : à propos d’une source pour l’histoire des recherches sur la couleur chez Pathé Frères entre 1906 et 1908
Authors: Ruivo Céline
Published: October 2015

Ce journal de bord non publié d’environ 500 pages, retrace jour après jour les activités de recherche et de développement de nouvelles technologies aux usines Pathé frères et notamment celle de la couleur. Il décrit comment Pathé installe à Joinville un service de virage métallique et de quelle manière les chercheurs affinent les tonalités des couleurs en modifiant la composition des bains. On y apprend l’importance de la qualité d’exposition photographique et de contraste des films destinés au virage. Le laboratoire entame également des recherches concernant des prototypes de coloration trichrome additive ainsi qu’un « virage en toutes couleurs » qui utilise une pellicule à double émulsion bichrome. Malheureusement ces prototypes ne seront pas commercialisés. En plus d’être une observation télescopique sur les pratiques d’un des plus grands laboratoires de recherche cinématographique de son époque, ce livre donne un sens aigu de la corrélation entre recherche scientifique et développement économique chez Pathé frères.
De presque toutes les couleurs : Civilization (Thomas H. Ince, Raymond B. West, 1916)
Authors: Vernet Marc
Published: October 2015

Présentation des « Coloring Notes » qui accompagnent le scénario de Civilization de Thomas H. Ince et qui donnent des indications précises quant au teintage et virage des scènes.
Enquête autour d’un film inachevé en Splendicolor : le Croisé (1928-1929) à la conquête de la couleur « naturelle »
Authors: Dagneaux Leslie
Published: October 2015

Reconstituer la genèse du Croisé revient à résoudre une énigme avec pour point de départ l’épreuve de sa réalisation : débuté au printemps 1929, le tournage s’interrompt soudainement au bout de quelques semaines. Sans cette mésaventure, le Croisé aurait été l’un des premiers films français à avoir recours à la couleur « naturelle » – encore au stade des expérimentations techniques mais bientôt effective. L’enquête nous mène du côté des protagonistes de l’histoire pour tenter de comprendre dans quelles circonstances le projet s’est t-il construit et pourquoi a-t-il abouti à un échec – inévitable ?
Présentation du Fonds Jean Vivié aux Archives françaises du film du CNC
Authors: Pastre Béatrice de
Published: October 2015

Présentation du fonds Jean Vivié déposé aux Archives françaises du film du CNC et retranscription de documents issus du fonds et concernant la couleur.
Authentication in Next Generation Network
Authors: Manna G. C. , Suryavanshi Vishnu
Published: October 2015

Next generation Network has been evolved based on the concept of integration of voice, data and mobile networks, single point control for provisioning of all services and single account for all services of an user or corporate over an all IP platform. User authentication of next generation network depends on Session Initiation Protocol but existing networks do not directly support this protocol. The new networks authentication policy together with existing networks authentication policy completes the authentication process. Authentication steps for each type of network with trace routes involving associated protocols has been discussed in the chapter.
Cotton Leaf Disease Detection by Feature Extraction
Authors: Ghaiwat Savita N. , Arora Parul
Published: October 2015

Cotton leaf diseases have occurred all over the world, including India. They adversely affect cotton quality and yield. Technology can help in identifying disease in early stage so that effective treatment can be given immediately. Now, the control methods rely mainly on artificial means. This paper propose application of image processing and machine learning in identifying three cotton leaf diseases through feature extraction. Using image processing, 12 types of features are extracted from cotton leaf image then the pattern was learned using BP Neural Network method in machine learning process. Three diseases have been diagnosed, namely Powdery mildew, Downy mildew and leafminer. The Neural Network classification performs well and could successfully detect and classify the tested disease.
Application of Big Data in Economic Policy
Authors: Mishra Brojo Kishore , Sahoo Abhaya Kumar
Published: October 2015

Now-a-days main factor of any information in different fields is data. Different database like relational, object-oriented database is very different from traditional database in case of data retrieval, data management and data updation. So, Data mining is a process of extracting hidden knowledge or useful pattern from huge amount of data in case of efficient databases. As amount of data increases day by day, so it is very difficult to manage related data to different fields. Big data analysis takes a major role for accessing, managing and manipulating of both structured and unstructured data. It is possible to transform business, government and other aspects of the economy by big data. In this chapter, we discuss how big data analytics can be applied in economic policy of government and private sector for making better decision. Here we can use map-reduce programming model provided by Hadoop for analysis of big data in economic policy management.
A Study on Different Facial Features Extraction Technique
Authors: Maji Arnab Kumar , Rymbai Bandariakor , Kandar Debdatta
Published: October 2015

Facial recognition is the most natural means of biometric identification as it deals with the measurement of a biological relevance. Since, faces varies from each and every person, therefore, it can be used for security purpose. Face recognition is a very challenging problem, where the human face changes over time, as it depends on the pose, expression, occlusion, aging, etc. It can be used in many areas such as for surveillance purposes, security, general identity verification, criminal justice system, smart cards, etc. The most important part of the face recognition is the evaluation of facial features. With the help of facial feature, the system usually looks for the position of eyes, nose and mouth and distances between them can be detected and computed. This chapter will discuss some of the techniques that can be used to extract important facial features.
A New Third Sector Intellectual Capital Model
Authors: Sicoli Graziella , Rubino Franco Ernesto , Giovanni Bronzetti , Maurizio Rija , Tenuta Paolo
Published: October 2015

The Intellectual Capital (IC) report has become a fundamental tool in the disclosure of non-profit activities, since it is necessary to use a correct framework to represent IC. To achieve the aim of the paper the work is developed as follows: the existing literature on non-profit organizations (NPOs) and IC is examined and relevant aspects to be measured by IC indicators and disclosed by an IC report in the above context are brought into focus. Then extant frameworks for IC reporting are outlined in order to verify whether they fit the aspects qualified as relevant in NPOs and it is pointed out what they lack with reference to the NPOs context. The aim of the paper is to propose an original framework containing a new set of indicators. The proposed framework is tested in an Italian NPO. The result is to disclose new aspects of activity carried out by NPOs involving knowledge, skill and their relationship with the surrounding community
The Roles of Lifelong Learning and Knowledge Management in Global Higher Education
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: October 2015

This chapter reveals the roles of lifelong learning and knowledge management (KM) in global higher education, thus explaining the theoretical and practical concepts of lifelong learning and KM; the application of KM; and the significance of lifelong learning and KM in global higher education. The utilization of lifelong learning and KM is necessary for higher education institutions (HEIs) that seek to serve students and faculties, increase educational performance, strengthen competitiveness, and achieve continuous success in global higher education. Therefore, it is essential for HEIs to examine their lifelong learning applications, develop a strategic plan to regularly check their practical advancements, and immediately respond to lifelong learning and KM needs of customers in modern HEIs. Applying lifelong learning and KM in global higher education will significantly enhance organizational performance and reach strategic goals in the digital age.
Managing Non-Organic Virtual Brand Communities in Social Networking Sites
Authors: Shahrokh Zohreh Dehdashti , Poursaeed Mohammad Mehdi
Published: October 2015

Social networking is creating a type of developed market. They act in opposition to top-down marketing methods and traditional company-based branding. More importantly, they give customers more value for the knowledge and experience exchanged compared to advertising by companies and one-way marketing messages. Businesses must inform themselves and choose strategies to manage their virtual brand communities (VBCs). Without a clear plan and model for brand management in cyberspace, marketing will have little effect. The present study provides a conceptual framework for managing non-organic VBCs. The first part of the model includes factors affecting engagement. The second part reveals the outcomes of engaging at the VBC level and the third part provides the outcomes of engagement at the business level.
Characterization of the Morphological State of a Culture of Filamentous Microorganisms Using Digital Image Analysis
Authors: Hrbková Ema , Hasal Ludvik , Náhlík Jan , Mareš Jan , Hrnčiřík Pavel
Published: October 2015

The paper examines the potential of the application of digital image analysis for the monitoring of morphological changes in cultures of filamentous microorganisms used in pharmaceutical production processes. First, an overview of selected methods and techniques used in digital image analysis is given with respect to their possible application in this project. This section also includes the description of corresponding software tools used in the presented study. The potential of the proposed approach is then demonstrated using a set of microscopic images from two typical productive cultivations. Finally, the obtained results are discussed within the context of a potential future application of these techniques for advanced monitoring of the given productive bioprocess.
Environmental Sustainability Evaluation for an Automobile Manufacturing Industry Using Multi-Grade Fuzzy Approach
Authors: Nallusamy S. , Ganesan M. , Balakannan K. , Shankar C.
Published: October 2015

In recent days of competitive world industries are getting upward pressure to keep environment green to go for sustainable manufacturing with green manufacturing. Sustainable methods are expected to provide Triple Bottom Line benefits. To improve the performance of environmental conditions, sustainability of environmental desires to be reviewed. Multi grade fuzzy approach is used to get an effectual calculation. Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) will be calculated and examined for enhancement. An automobile manufacturing industry is being exemplified for this study. The final calculated value of ESI of the manufacturing industry is 6.1 and is in the accepted level of 6 to 8, which shows the industry is Strongly Environmental Sustainable for improving the image of company and production efficiency.
Research on Surface Quality for CBN Grinding Wheel Based on “Speed Effect”
Authors: Sun Xue , Yu Tian Biao , Wang Wan Shan
Published: October 2015

In order to study the influence of grinding surface quality affected by grinding speed for CBN grinding wheel, the method of simulation and experimentation used to study grinding surface quality of CBN grinding wheel. First, on the basis of grinding wheel topography, the influence of grinding surface quality affected by grinding speed was analyzed by adopting motion simulation method. Then, high-speed grinding experiment was carried out to three kinds of metal materials, and machined surface roughness and surface hardness after processing are measured and researched. Test shows that “speed effect” is remarkable in grinding metal materials. As the grinding speed increases, the grinding surface quality of workpiece is gradually improved. With the speed increasing, surface roughness of workpiecedecreases, and at lower speeds the surface roughness dropped more obvious. With grinding speed increases further, the change of roughness tends to be slow, and the bending point appears at about 100m/s.Surface hardening degree decreases with grinding speed increasing, when grinding speed up to high-speed grinding stage, the degree of hardening of the workpiece is more soothing.
Effect of FDM Process on Adhesive Strength of Polylactic Acid(PLA) Filament
Authors: Pan Ai Qiong , Huang Zi Fan , Guo Rui Jie , Liu Jun
Published: October 2015

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the most widely used technologies in rapid prototyping. On the principle of layered manufacturing, the melted polymer filament is extruded and formed. In order to achieve transition from nonfunctional prototypes to functional prototypes of FDMed models, using the RepRap Kossel delta 3D printer and 1.75mm diameter polylactic acid (PLA) filament, it was analyzed that the effects of the nozzle moving rate and slice thickness on adhesive strength based on the existing technology research by orthogonal test. The experiment results indicated that adhesive strength of filament increased both with the nozzle moving rate and with its slice thickness. The latter induced increase more significantly. Finally, comprehensive experiments had been performed to quantitatively study the adhesive strength variation with the filling rate, which provides data reference for setting proper filling rate. Reasonable filling rate setting can not only satisfy the strength requirement without debasement of printing quality, but also reduce filament consumption, improve the manufacturing efficiency and provide important instruction significance for actual printing.
Study on the Preparation of Bamboo Plastic Composite Intend for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Zhao Da Xu , Cai Xian , Shou Guo Zhong , Gu Yu Qi , Wang Pei Xin
Published: October 2015

As a new kind of manufacturing technology developing rapidly, Material Increasing Manufacturing, scilicet 3D printing technology is that the popularity of various fields. In this paper, under the background of the desktop 3D printing gradually enter the family. To solve the printing material problem scilicet 3D printing technology development bottleneck, come up with a bamboo-plastic composite made of Bamboo powder and poly lactic acid (PLA), can be used on desktop 3D printing. Due to bamboo resources is abundant, low cost, and also have the advantages of friendly of environment, have a good potential for development. In this paper, the right formula is used in the study on preparation of materials, through the material blending; extrusion process to produce the 3D printing wire can meet the requirements. Through further studies on the ratio of bamboo and plastic, the amount of additives added, extrusion processing temperature and material situation, optimizing the ratio of bamboo and plastic, the amount of Additives, adjust the extrusion temperature in the formulation. Tests showed that through the improved technology, wires have further enhanced performance, continuous printing more than 300 meters, the printing effect is smooth, jam does not appear, and the molded parts have good quality.
Electrical Contact Property of AuNi9/AuCuAgZn Sheet Tribo-Couple
Authors: Lei Ting , Gao Yue Min , Chen Guang Yan , Zhou Hao
Published: October 2015

Gold-based alloys are widely used in electrical contact environment which requires small contact resistance, and friction pair components consisting of electrical contact has a direct impact on the properties of electrical contact. In this thesis, an experiment of AuNI9 brushes/AuCuAgZn gold sheets in a organization is designed to show the elastic properties of the brush, friction pair wear properties and environmental adaptability of the contact resistance, whose result indicates that the elastic properties of the brushes are stable, alloy sheets mainly produce wear when the brushes and gold sheets are used in matched pair and environmental assessment tests do not significantly increase the degree of wear of the friction pair components in low load condition.
Structure Damage Diagnostic Method of High-Flow Control Valve Stem
Authors: Cao Fang , Kang Rong Jian
Published: October 2015

According to the real structure and work condition of a high-flow mixed gas control valve used in recycling generating electricity project, a modal analysis model based on fluid-structure coupling system of control valve is set up. The natural frequency and mode of valve plug and stem is obtained. The structure damage diagnostic method of high-flow valve stem is put forward. According to the change of natural frequency of the valve stem to judge appearance of fracture cracks is explored. According to the amount by which the variation of natural frequency to determine the size of crack is discussed. It is the preliminary diagnosis to the damage of a high-Flow control valve stem in the special working environment, to avoid the gas leaks, the failure of valve action, adjust or commutation, etc.
HLP Type Hydraulic Oil Analysis for Meso-Scale Hole Measurement
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Hong Yang , Wang Guang Lin , Shao Dong Xiang , Sun Li
Published: October 2015

HLP type hydraulic oil has wide application in aerospace field. The existing measurement method of Laval nozzle throat diameter efficiency is low, and has the potential to cut parts surface. Therefore, a non-contact throat diameter measuring method based on the hydraulic oil is proposed. Then the flow field is simulated, and measurement parameters are calculated. The flow field analysis results show that this method is suitable for measuring Laval nozzle throat diameter.
Spool Valve Hydraulic Measurement Flow Pattern Error Based on Variable Discharge Coefficient
Authors: Lin Zhuo
Published: October 2015

Spool valves are the main elements in electro-hydro servo valves. Hydraulic measurement is an important method for spool valve’s null cutting measuring process. Because of the flow pattern transition, the discharge coefficient is a variable. This phenomenon causes errors if we assume the discharge coefficient is a constant as we always do. In this paper, the variable discharge coefficient is considered to the submerged discharge equation, and the flow pattern error is defined. For improving the precision of overlap values measurements, a compensation method of flow pattern error is presented in this paper.
Servo Valve Nozzle Fuzzy Clustering Analysis Pairing Algorithm
Authors: Pan Xu Dong , Zhu Wen Dong , Wang Guang Lin
Published: October 2015

Electro-hydraulic servo valve is the key component of an electro-hydraulic servo control system, and double nozzle flapper valve is the main type of electro-hydraulic servo valve. Nozzles are the important part of a double nozzle flapper valve, the pairing quality is directly related to the performance of the servo valve .Servo valve is of symmetrical structure, and the use of nozzles is also in pairs. The process of nozzles matched in pairs is called pairing process. Because the orifice diameter of the nozzle is only about 0.2 to 0.3 mm, it is difficult to pair with the method of direct measurements. Besides, as a kind of hydraulic components, nozzles are usually paired by flow rate measured under differential pressure. Two nozzles will be matched to a pair if their pressure-flow rate characteristic curve is within the allowed tolerance. To ensure the success rate of pairing, it usually needs a large number of machined nozzles to be sifted. According to the principle of clustering analysis, we propose a new paring algorithm which can match nozzles efficiently and automatically.
Simulation and Analysis of Passive Torque Servo System
Authors: Li Cheng Cheng , Shao Dong Xiang , Wang Guang Lin
Published: October 2015

Passive torque servo system (PTSS) is a key equipment in the hardware-in-the-loop experiment for the test of actuator performance. A novel mathematical model was obtained by analyzing the structure and working conditions of PTSS in this paper and the model was analyzed with the matlab software. PID controller was used to correct the actuator system and the result is effective. The disturbance torque was analyzed on different frequency of command signal, it was found that the disturbance torque increases, and with the phase ahead of the signal, but the amount of lead decreases with variation of frequency of command signal. Three components of the disturbance torque were obtained by theoretical analysis, and the reverse current compensation method was composed. It was found that the proportion of three parts of disturbance torque changed with increasing frequency of command signal and the reason of the variation was analyzed. Finally, the theoretical analysis of the construction of disturbance torque was correct by the comparison of the result of simulation.
Mechanical Analysis and Finite Element Simulation of Scissor Transmission Mechanism under Partial Load
Authors: Chen Jin , Yuan Xue , Zhang Fan
Published: October 2015

Partial load has great impact on both service life and security design of scissor transmission mechanism. A mechanical model has been established, on the assumption that the scissor units are rigid bodies and the connecting rods are elastic bodies, for the research on the scissor transmission mechanism considering partial load. The recursive matrix used to calculate the node force of multi-unit transmission mechanism has been obtained. And based on the recursive matrix, the method has been deduced to calculate the node force of the scissor transmission mechanism in the unbalanced loading condition after the connecting rods were replaced by equivalent models—the springs. The finite element model carried out with SAP84 was established to measure the accuracy of the equations obtained by theory derivation, and the results proved the correctness of the theoretical formula because of the little difference between theoretical results and simulation results. The conclusion obtained could serve as theoretical guidance for mechanical analysis and optimal design on scissor transmission mechanism in the unbalanced loading condition and reference for elastomeric scissor unit research.
Investigation on Cutting Force and Temperature of Cutting Cu50Zr50 Metallic Glass by Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Zhao Y. , Wei Xun Li , Zhang Yan , Wu Feng He , Huo De Hong
Published: October 2015

Metallic glasses have a variety of excellent properties compared with the majority of conventional crystalline alloys, and have a broad application prospects in the military, aerospace and sports equipment. Cutting, as an efficient and high-precision machining process, is expected to be an important processing method for metallic glasses. Currently, investigation on cutting metallic glasses is in a nascent stage. Although the machining precision of several tens of nanometers has been achieved, its cutting mechanism remains unclear. In this paper, a molecular dynamics simulation of orthogonal nanometric cutting of metallic glass Cu50Zr50 was carried out.The material deformation, cutting force, and workpiece temperature distribution were studied at microscopic scale. It is found that the deformation accumulation first occurred on the tool rake face. Then with the cutting progressing, materials underwent stable plastic deformation in the shear zone. Analysis on cutting force shows that in the initial material deformation process the cutting force increases rapidly until the cutting process is stabilized, , and then it is reduced to a stable value. Finally, the temperature change of the workpiece during cutting was calculated, and the result shows that the maximum temperature reaches the glass transition temperature. Further, the radial distribution function analysis of workpiece was used to confirm the occurrence of the glass transition.
Macro, Micro and Nanoscale Bamboo Fiber as a Potential Reinforcement for Composites
Authors: da Costa Correia Viviane , Siqueira Fabíola Maria , Donizetti Dias Rafael , Savastano Holmer
Published: October 2015

Vegetal fibers are obtained from leaves, stalks, culms, fruit and seeds, and have been used in the macro, micro and nanoscale as partial replacement of synthetic fibers in organic and inorganic matrices. Bamboo has high strength fibers, and is one of main nonwood resources and is available in tropical areas worldwide. These characteristics justify the study and application of bamboo fiber as reinforcement in the macro, micro and nanoscale. The macrofibers were obtained from bamboo culms, the microfibers from the chemical pulping and the nanofibers were obtained from the mechanical nanofibrillation of the pulp. The fibers were subjected to chemical, physical, mechanical and morphological tests. There was modification in the chemical composition of the bamboo after pulping, such as decrease of amount of the lignin, hemicellulose and extractives in 42.4%, 33.3% and 83.7%, respectively.The bamboo fibers width have been reduced from 0.26 mm to 19.8 μm after pulping and after nanofibrillation process the width was reduced from 19.8 μm to 16.2 nm.The decrease of the fibers dimension can be seen from the micrographs and analyzing it mechanical properties, the bamboo fibers are a reinforcement potential in macro, micro and nanoscale to organic and inorganic matrices.