bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O laboratório de ciências e a prática docente de um grupo de professoras de biologia: relato de um processo de reflexão coletiva
Authors: Ferreira Fernando Cesar , Silva Lenice Heloísa de Arruda
Published: September 2020

A estreita vinculação entre a visão de ciência do professor e a sua materialização na forma de atividades experimentais revela alguns dos caminhos construídos na prática docente. Considerando isso e tendo como foco o 9o Ano do Ensino Fundamental, este trabalho relata e discute o processo de intervenção e reflexão coletiva sobre mudanças nas relações entre o uso de experimentos e demonstrações em ciências, em particular a Física, e a prática docente de um grupo de professoras de Biologia da rede pública de ensino de Dourados-MS.
O arranjo espacial em escolas de educação infantil: reflexões sobre a Proposta Fazer em Cantos
Authors: Bissaco Cristiane Magalhães , Bonachini-Mendes Ana Cláudia , Lima Elieuza Aparecida de
Published: September 2020

Com base em concepções de desenvolvimento que consideram as crianças nos seus contextos sociais, ambientais, culturais e, mais concretamente, nas interações e práticas sociais que lhes fornecem elementos relacionados às mais diversas linguagens e ao contato com os mais variados conhecimentos culturais para a formação de uma identidade autônoma, este artigo traz à tona uma discussão sobre o espaço como um elemento curricular que pode criar condições concretas e efetivas a atuação ativa da criança em situações de brincadeira e outras atividades na EI. Defendemos aqui a ideia de que no espaço escolar há a co-construção de saberes por meio de um aprender na brincadeira. Assim, ao apresentarmos uma proposta pautada nos cantos de aprendizagem oportunizamos às crianças o desenvolvimento do jogo simbólico e de outros aprendizados.
Panorama brasileiro e espanhol sobre teses de doutorado na área das altas habilidades/superdotação
Authors: Pedro Ketilin Mayra , Chacon Miguel Claudio Moriel
Published: September 2020

No Brasil a área das Altas Habilidades/Superdotação (AH/SD) foi contemplada inicialmente na LDB 5692/71 (BRASIL, 1971), enquanto na Espanha o marco inicial se dá a partir do Real Decreto 696/1995 (ESPANHA, 1995), garantindo a esse alunado ao direito a identificação e atendimento. Visando contribuir com as pesquisas desta área, elaboramos o atual panorama brasileiro e espanhol em relação as teses de doutorado sobre AH/SD. Para a realização desta investigação consultamos a Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações e a Base de datos de Tesis Doctorales. Foram localizadas um total de 70 teses, sendo 20 brasileiras e 50 espanholas. Com base na análise do título, do resumo e das palavras-chaves, elencamos categorias temáticas, sendo que foram predominantes: Identidade, Identificação e Avaliação. A primeira tese brasileira defendida data de 1989, enquanto que na Espanha a primeira tese é de 1990. Em relação ao local de publicação, no Brasil percebemos que há uma predominância em relação as universidades federais, enquanto na Espanha, a Universidade Complutense de Madrid destaca-se em número de publicações. Percebemos que embora o número de publicações tenha aumentado progressivamente, esse ainda figura-se como incipiente frente ao número de publicações de outras áreas e a demanda de trabalho que esses estudantes requerem.
La educación actual: retos para el profesorado
Authors: García Carmona Marina
Published: September 2020

La educación actual necesita adaptarse a los cambios que se producen y se han producido en la sociedad. El profesorado se enfrenta de este modo a diferentes retos que debe afrontar para la consecución de una educación de calidad acorde a las necesidades actuales. Procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje donde el alumnado sea el protagonista, la creación de espacios de diálogo donde se promueva el papel activo del alumnado en la sociedad, la apertura de los centros educativos a su contexto, el adecuado uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación y la atención a la diversidad cultural del alumnado, son algunas de las tareas a las que el profesorado da respuesta en nuestros días y sobre las que se reflexiona en el presente trabajo. Para ello es necesaria la mejora de la formación inicial y permanente del profesorado de todos los niveles educativos.
Evolução da matrícula de pessoas com deficiência na educação superior brasileira: subsídios normativos e ações institucionais para acesso e permanência
Authors: Almeida José Guilherme De Andrade , Bellosi Tereza Cristina , Ferreira Eliana Lúcia
Published: September 2020

A partir da década de 1990, observamos intensas concretizações nas políticas públicas brasileiras dos discursos sobre inclusão de pessoas com deficiência, especialmente na educação básica. Como consequência desse processo, nos últimos anos vem aumentando a demanda pela inclusão na educação superior. Buscando compreender como tem se dado o processo de inclusão de pessoas com deficiência nesse nível educacional, realizamos um delineamento das políticas públicas que influenciam e/ou se voltam a essa temática. Destarte, apresentamos as reverberações dessas em uma universidade pública a partir dos dados do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais “Anísio Teixeira” e da própria universidade, descrevendo a evolução de suas matrículas e as ações em prol da acessibilidade nela empreendidas. Pudemos observar que o discurso das políticas públicas sobre inclusão de pessoas com deficiência na educação superior se concretiza nos primeiros anos do século XXI, e que os subsídios governamentais são essenciais para sua efetivação nas instituições públicas, dentre as quais consideramos o caso apresentado um modelo a ser expandido. A continuidade e ampliação dessas políticas, juntamente às ações empreendidas no nível micro, indicam a tendência de aprofundamento do processo de inclusão na educação superior brasileira para pessoas com deficiência.
La educación afectivo-sexual en el sistema educativo español: análisis normativo y posibilidades de investigación
Authors: Bejarano Franco Mayte , Mateos Jiménez Antonio
Published: September 2020

En este artículo se realiza un análisis de los preámbulos de las leyes educativas aprobadas en España desde 1990 hasta 2013 con el objetivo de demostrar la presencia/ausencia de contenidos relacionados con la educación afectivo-sexual. Ello nos permitirá comprobar la importancia que se le ha venido otorgando a esta dimensión humana y educativa en la escuela desde finales del siglo XIX hasta la actualidad. Asimismo, profundizamos en la relevancia de dos aspectos para la formación de maestros y maestras. El primero el abordar temáticas educativas sobre igualdad y el segundo adquirir habilidades en investigación sobre educación afectivo-sexual en la práctica docente. Ambas cuestiones fomentarán un perfil docente reflexivo-práctico. Por último, se propone un instrumento de análisis curricular como recurso de producción de datos relacionados con la temática abordada.
Expressões da sexualidade: estudo a partir da construção da masculinidade em estudantes do ensino médio
Authors: Correr Rinaldo , Souza Ana Paula Vianna de
Published: September 2020

Analisou-se a maneira pela qual a construção da masculinidade se vincula às práticas sociais no exercício da sexualidade, por meio do discurso de estudantes adolescentes. Participaram 20 estudantes (idade: 14 e 17 anos), de escola pública (interior - São Paulo). Optou-se pelos procedimentos metodológicos: 1) encontro inicial para apresentação de pequenos recortes do filme “Tróia”, discussão sobre masculinidades (expressões de sexualidade) e questionário; 2) seleção dos alunos com maior número de respostas afirmativas (gênero) e tabulação dos dados (questionário); 3) entrevista não padronizada em ambiente on-line. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo (Bardin). A base analítica das discussões apoiouse na Teoria das Representações sociais e na revisão recente da literatura especializada. Nos resultados, foram identificadas as categorias: papéis de gênero; saúde-corpo-sexualidade e relacionamentos como expressões das representações sociais dos participantes do estudo, sendo estas relacionadas aos significados que permeiam as noções de masculinidades e dos impactos possíveis na vivência da sexualidade. Assim, este estudo considera que, após a realização das análises, tornou-se perceptível a necessidade de melhor encaminhar as políticas de atenção à educação sexual nas escolas, a partir do acolhimento das manifestações originadas no contexto das trajetórias de vida dos estudantes do ensino médio.
Flavonoids from Stem and Leaf of Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi Inhibit the Phosphorylation on Multi-sites of Tau Protein Induced by Okadaic Acid and the Regulative Mechanism of Protein Kinases in Rats
Authors: Gao Yang , Wang Xiao-Qing , Ma Shuai , Dong Yong-Cai , Shang Ya-Zhen
Published: September 2020

Aim:

The present study aims to investigate the effect of flavonoids from stem and leaf
of Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi (SSF) on multi-sites phosphorylation of tau protein in the cerebral
cortex and hippocampus of rats induced by okadaic acid (OA) and the regulative mechanism
of the protein kinases.

Methods:

The model of AD-like memory impairment and neuronal injuries was established in
male SD rats who were microinjected with OA (200 ng/kg) to establish a memory impairment model
and screened for successful model rats by Morris water maze on day 21 after surgery. The successful
model rats were continuously administered with intragastric infusion (ig) SSF 25, 50 and
100 mg/kg or Ginkgo biloba leaves flavonoids (GLF) 200 mg/kg for 36 d. The relative protein expressed
levels of phosphorylated tau protein at sites of Ser199, Ser202, Ser214, Ser404 and
Thr231, protein kinases (CDK5, PKA, pTyr216-GSK3β and pSer9-GSK3β) were detected by Western
blotting.

Results:

The relative protein expressed levels of p-tau(Ser199), p-tau(Ser202), p-tau(Ser214), p--
tau(Ser404), p-tau(Thr231) and pTyr216-GSK3β were significantly increased in both cerebral cortex
and hippocampus regions of the model rats subjected to intracerebroventricular injection of OA
(P<0.01), while the protein expressed levels of CDK5, PKA and pSer9-GSK3β (P<0.01) were reduced.
SSF can dramatically reverse these increments in phosphorylated tau protein levels
(P<0.01) and differently regulate the protein expressed levels of CDK5, PKA and GSK3β (P<0.01)
in rats’ cerebral cortex and hippocampus induced by OA. GLF also exhibit a similar effect to SSF.

Conclusion:

The results demonstrated that SSF could inhibit the hyperphosphorylation of tau in
rats’ cerebral cortex and hippocampus induced by microinjection of OA, which may be related to
the activities of protein kinase CDK5, PKA and GSK3β.
In Silico ADMET Evaluation of Natural DPP-IV Inhibitors for Rational Drug Design against Diabetes
Authors: Singla Rajeev K. , Shen Bairong
Published: September 2020

Background:

As a metabolic and lifestyle disorder, diabetes mellitus poses a prodigious health risk. Out
of the many key targets, DPP-IV is one of the very imperative therapeutic targets for the treatment of diabetic patients.

Methods:

In our current study, we have done the in silico simulations of ADME-T properties for naturally originated
potent DPP-IV inhibitors like quinovic acid, stigmasterol, quinovic acid-3-beta-D-glycopyranoside, zygophyloside E,
and lupeol. Structural topographies associated with different pharmacokinetic properties have been systematically
assessed.

Results:

Glycosylation on quinovic acid is found to be noteworthy for the improvement of pharmacokinetic and
toxicological properties, which leads to the prediction that zygophyloside E can be further tailored down to get the
lead DPP-IV inhibitor.

Conclusion:

This assessment provides useful insight into the future development of novel drugs for the treatment of
diabetes mellitus.
Trends in Nutrient Intakes of Indian Adults: Computerized Diet Analysis (CDiet) of Cross-sectional Surveys between 1998 and 2015
Authors: Chiplonkar Shashi A.
Published: September 2020

Background:

Time trends in nutrient intakes have been reported from household food
consumption using food table values. However, accurate estimates of trends over the past decade in
nutrient intakes using computerised nutrient analysis of Indian diets are lacking.

Objectives:

To examine changes in nutrient intakes of Indian adults by re-analysis of dietary food
intakes between 1998 and 2015 with computerized diet analysis software, CDiet.

Methods:

Diets of men and women (20-60 years) from Western India in 1998-2000 (n=559), in
2007-2009 (n=638), and in 2013-2015 (n=1073) were assessed mostly using semi-quantitative
food frequency questionnaire by interview method. Daily nutrient intakes were calculated with laboratory-
based food composition database using computerised diet analysis software (CDiet). Physical
activity was assessed through a structured questionnaire and classified as; sedentary, light, and
moderate activity level (PAL). Trends in mean nutrient intakes were evaluated using generalised
linear regression model.

Results:

Over the past 17 years, trend estimates of energy intakes adjusted for age and PAL
showed a decline of 11 to 19.7% for men, whereas an insignificant increase of 1 to 3% in women.
Higher reduction (23 to 45%) was seen in intakes of iron, riboflavin, thiamine, and folate than in
other micronutrients. Men with sedentary activity increased by 16.8%, whereas women having
light/moderate activity increased by 7.2%.

Conclusions:

A decreasing trend in nutrient intakes over the last 17 years and an increase in sedentary
behavior suggested the need for change in lifestyle and increased consumption of nutrient--
dense foods by Indian adults.
Importance of Dietary Supplements to the Health
Authors: Mishra Amarnath , Chandel Arvind K.S. , Bhalani Dixit V. , Shrivastava Richa
Published: September 2020

The term “dietary supplement” defines a comprehensive and diverse category of products
that are essential to our health but are absent or insufficient in the diet and may be needed to
take separately; requirement of dietary supplements varies at different stages of life, such as infant,
child-adult, pregnancy, lactation, and geriatrics. Dietary supplements are not medicines, nor should
they be considered a substitute for food. The USFDA defines dietary supplements in part as a product
taken by mouth that contains “dietary ingredients.” Nutritional ingredients comprise vitamins,
minerals, amino acids, and herbs or botanicals, in addition to other substances that can be considered
to supplement the diet. The market is flooded with various dosage forms of dietary supplements,
such as capsules, tablets, powders, energy bars, liquids, etc. These include vitamins, minerals,
herbal products containing extracts from herbs as well as algae and fungi, concentrate, metabolite,
constituent, or extract, enzyme supplement, essential amino, and fatty acids. This article describes
the importance of the dietary supplement, source, diseases that arise by deficiency, and the
recommended doses for different groups.
In Silico Study of the Active Compounds of Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm as Anti-coronavirus
Authors: Firdiana Elok R. , Renjana Elga , Ningrum Linda W. , Angio Melisnawati H. , Nikmatullah Muhamad , Rizal Syaiful
Published: September 2020

Background:

CoVID-19, caused by a new type of coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, has become a pandemic. Together with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, CoVID-19 is a large global outbreak of coronavirus infection; however, its rate of spread is much higher. Since the vaccines and anti-SARS-CoV-2 have not been found, a faster control mechanism is much needed. Traditional herbs have shown the potential for this purpose, as has been demonstrated by the Chinese Government with a high success rate. One of the herbs used was Lindera aggregata, which is part of the collection in Purwodadi Botanic Gardens.

Objectives:

Through in silico study, this research aims to reveal the secondary metabolites contained in L. aggregata that have the potential to serve as anti-SARS-CoV-2 medication as well as showcase their inhibitory mechanisms.

Methods:

The research was conducted through molecular docking analysis of terpenoids and alkaloids contained in the root of L. aggregata, with target proteins 3CLpro, PLpro, Spike, and ACE 2 playing a role in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Result:

All analyzed compounds tended to interact with all four target proteins with different binding affinity values, but the interaction seemed stronger with 3CLpro and Spike. Terpenoids, linderane and linderalactone had the strongest interaction tendency with 3CLpro, PLpro, and Spike; the compound norboldine, an alkaloid, had the strongest interaction with ACE 2, with a binding affinity value of -8.2 kcal/mol.

Conclusion:

Terpenoids and alkaloids contained in the root of L. aggregata, which caused inhibition of adsorption and replication of SARS-CoV-2, could serve as anti-SARS-CoV-2.
A Critical Overview of Systematic Reviews of Chemotherapy for Advanced and Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer using both AMSTAR2 and ROBIS as Quality Assessment Tools
Authors: Dang Amit , Chidirala Surendar , Veeranki Prashanth , Vallish B.N.
Published: September 2020

Background:

We performed a critical overview of published systematic reviews (SRs) of chemotherapy for
advanced and locally advanced pancreatic cancer, and evaluated their quality using AMSTAR2 and ROBIS tools.

Materials and Methods:

PubMed and Cochrane Central Library were searched for SRs on 13th June 2020. SRs with metaanalysis which included only randomized controlled trials and that had assessed chemotherapy as one of the treatment
arms were included. The outcome measures, which were looked into, were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs) of grade 3 or above. Two reviewers independently assessed all the SRs with both
ROBIS and AMSTAR2.

Results:

Out of the 1,879 identified records, 26 SRs were included for the overview. Most SRs had concluded that gemcitabine-based combination regimes, prolonged OS and PFS, but increased the incidence of grade 3-4 toxicities, when
compared to gemcitabine monotherapy, but survival benefits were not consistent when gemcitabine was combined with
molecular targeted agents. As per ROBIS, 24/26 SRs had high risk of bias, with only 1/26 SR having low risk of bias. As
per AMSTAR2, 25/26 SRs had critically low, and 1/26 SR had low, confidence in the results. The study which scored
‘low’ risk of bias in ROBIS scored ‘low confidence in results’ in AMSTAR2. The inter-rater reliability for scoring the
overall confidence in the SRs with AMSTAR2 and the overall domain in ROBIS was substantial; ROBIS: kappa=0.785,
SEM=0.207, p<0.001; AMSTAR2: kappa=0.649, SEM=0.323, p<0.001.

Conclusion:

Gemcitabine-based combination regimens can prolong OS and PFS but also worsen AEs when compared to
gemcitabine monotherapy. The included SRs have an overall low methodological quality and high risk of bias as per AMSTAR2 and ROBIS respectively.
Comparison of Dapaglifozin and Liraglutide in Patients with Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a 24-week, Open, Double-centered, Head to Head Trial
Authors: Jiang Jianjia , Lin Lu , Chen Pin
Published: September 2020

Objective:

To evaluate the efficacy and treatment satisfaction of dapagliflozin and liraglutide
in T2DM patients with glucose poorly controlled after triple therapy.

Methods:

In addition to the original therapeutic regimen, dapagliflozin (n=83) and liraglutide
(n=89) once a day were added, respectively. Height, body weight, waist circumference, and blood
pressure were recorded. FBG, 2hPBG, HbA1c, fasting C-peptide, HOMA-IR, blood lipid, eGFR,
BUA and DTSQ were detected before the treatment and after 24 weeks of treatment.

Results:

At the end of 24 weeks of treatment, a follow-up visit was completed for 79 patients in the
dapagliflozin group and 77 patients in the liraglutide group. The body weight of the patients in the
dapagliflozin group and the liraglutide group decreased significantly (P<0.05). The HbA1c level in
the dapagliflozin group decreased from 8.96 ± 1.23% to 7.03 ±0.74% (P<0.01), more than that in
the liraglutide group, namely, from 8.99 ± 1.34% to 7.24 ±0.77% (P<0.01). After 12 weeks of
treatment, eGFR in the dapagliflozin group first decreased and then increased after 12 weeks of
treatment. The percentages of patients achieving combined endpoints in the two groups were of no
statistical significance (P=0.204). And there were mild adverse events in both groups.

Conclusion:

The add-on treatment of dapagliflozin and liraglutide had promising clinical outcomes
in patients with T2DM and poorly controlled glucose after triple therapy, which include the
improvement in blood glucose, insulin resistance, SBP, and renal function. However, the overall
treatment satisfaction was higher in the dapagliflozin group.
Exploitation of Some Natural Products for the Prevention and/or Nutritional Treatment of SARS-CoV2 Infection
Authors: Rizzo Annalisa , Sciorsci Raffaele L. , Magrone Thea , Jirillo Emilio
Published: September 2020

Dietary habits strongly influence our health status, mostly in terms of maintenance of
the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory homeostasis. High fat and high sugar diets account for the development
of a low-grade inflammation, which is the pathogenic common denominator of various
chronic diseases. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS)-CoV2 (COVID-19) infection
affects all ages and especially frail elderly people and a nutritional intervention seems to be
crucial in the course of this pandemic. The present review describes the properties of some vegetal
products and their derivatives, such as Lupin sp., garlic, salvia and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO)
that can be exploited for their beneficial effects, as preventive and/or nutritional treatment of coronavirus
disease SARS-CoV2. Lupin, salvia, garlic and EVOO share overlapping properties, such as
anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities. Quite importantly, these products and their
derivatives are able to recover the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme expression 2 on
cell membrane, otherwise suppressed by COVID-19 binding and entry into cytoplasm. Dietary administration
of the above nutraceuticals or their extracts may play a preventive or nutritional role in
the course of SARS-CoV2 infection, even including the effects of the lockdown and the condition
of inflamm-ageing.
Amorphous Solid Dispersion Based Oral Disintegrating Film of Ezetimibe: Development and Evaluation
Authors: Sudheer Preethi , Shrestha Sangam , Narayana Kavitha A.
Published: September 2020

Background:

Ezetimibe is a cholesterol-lowering agent with an oral bioavailability of
50% by virtue of its poor solubility and extensive hepatic and intestinal metabolism.

Objective:

The study aimed to overcome low bioavailability issues of ezetimibe by formulating an
oral disintegrating film.

Methods:

The low solubility of ezetimibe was undertaken, preparing solid dispersions using mannitol,
β-cyclodextrin, and urea. The mannitol solid dispersion assimilated oral disintegrating film was
prepared and optimized using 23 factorial design, where the concentration of film formers hydroxypropyl
methylcellulose (K5& K15) (X1and X2) and super disintegrant, sodium starch glycolate
(X3) was used as factors on the response disintegration time (Y). The films were evaluated for
physical properties, time of disintegration, and drug release profiles.

Results :

Mannitol solid dispersion (1:2 ratio) based on the superior drug content, solubility and in
vitro release profile was preferred in film formation. The low crystalline nature of the solid dispersion
was very evident by the absence of prominent peaks in the X-Ray diffraction pattern and the
reduced peak intensity of melting endotherms. The correlation coefficient (R2) and statistical parameter
analysis of variance specify the implication of linear factors on responses, which is apparent
from confidence intervals (P-values) less than 0.05. The in vitro release profile of all the eight formulations
(F1-F8) in a phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.8 revealed a significant increment in comparison
to ezetimibe.

Conclusion:

The study revealed that the formulation approach could overcome the biopharmaceutical
challenge of solubility as well as low bioavailability issues of ezetimibe.
A Review of Aristolochia indica: Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological and Toxicological Effects
Authors: Padhy Gopal Krishna
Published: September 2020

Background:

Aristolochia indica L. of the family Aristolochiaceae is a twining perennial
herb with an ancient history of medicinal use. In the Indian Ayurvedic system, it is used for the
treatment of snake venom, scorpion venom, pimple, fever and worm infections.

Objective:

This studay aimed to make accessible the current information on the traditional uses,
phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Aristolochia indica. Additionally, the purpose
was to emphasize the potential uses of this plant to treat various diseases and to bring a foundation
for further research.

Methods:

The present review is carried out by compiling literature from 1935 to 2020, concerning
the morphology, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and toxicological aspects
of Aristolochia indica.

Results:

Diverse chemical compounds including aristolochic acids, aristolactam, Phenanthrenes, alkaloids,
lignans, steroids and terpenes have been isolated from this plant. Mostly in-vivo models indicated
several pieces of evidence on the use of this plant particularly to regulate fertility. Few in--
vivo studies also proved the usefulness of this plant in inflammation and diabetes. In some in-vitro
studies, the anti-snake venom, larvicidal, and anti-oxidant properties have been proved.

Conclusion:

Preclinical studies have demonstrated remarkable activity that supports the conventional
use of the plant as an antivenum, antifertility, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent. Although
few phytochemicals isolated (aristolic acid, (12S)-7,12-secoishwaran-12-ol, aristololactam-
I N-β-D-glucoside, aristolochic acids, β-sitosterol, (-)hinokinin and aristolactam-I) from the
plant exhibited remarkable biological activity, it was only confined to preclinical studies. Even
though the isolated aristolochic acids showed significant anti-snake venom activity, but it was
found to be nephrotoxic and mutagenic. More detailed safety data pertaining to the dose of crude
extracts or pure compounds needs to be generated.
Novel Coronavirus in India and Outbreaks Around World: A Statistical Analysis of Odisha, India and the World
Authors: Singh Debabrata , Sarangi Suman Sekhar , Acharya Milu , Sahoo Surjeet , Prusty Shakti Ketan , Rout Sudhanshu
Published: September 2020

Background:

The Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health
Organization (WHO) declared novel Coronavirus (nCoV-2019) outbreaks in 2019 as pandemic.

Methods:

This research work made an analysis of the nCoV-2019 outbreak in India solely based on a
mathematical model.

Results:

The historical epidemics in the world are plague, AIDS, Swine flu, ebola, zika virus, Black
Death and SARS. Considering the model used for SARS 2003, the present research on COVID-2019
estimates characteristics of the rate of infections (I) and rate of recovery(R), which leads to the estimation
of the I and R leading to predict the number of infections and recovery. Through ruling out the unpredictable
and unreasonable data, the model predicts that the number of the cumulative 2019-nCoV
cases may reach from 3398458 (mid of May) to 15165863, with a peak of the unrecovered infection
(2461434-15165863) occurring in late April to late July. In this paper, we predicate how the confirmed
infected cases would rapidly decrease until late March to July in India. We also focus on how the Government
of Odisha (a state of India) creates history in the protective measures of COVID-19.

Conclusion:

The growing infected cases may get reduced by 70-79% by strong anti-epidemic measures.
The enforcement of shutdown, lockdown, awareness, and improvement of medical and health care could
also lead to about one-half transmission decrease and constructively abridge the duration of the 2019 n-
CoV.
Tumor mamario canino: factores de riesgo y su influencia epidemiológica en Manizales-Colombia
Authors: Alejandro Clavijo-Maldonado  , Juan M. Pérez-Zapata  , Enio Ferreira  , Carlos Vargas-Hernandez  , Fredy A. Rivera-Páez
Published: September 2020

Objetivo. Describir la prevalencia del tumor mamario canino (TMC) en hembras en el municipio de Manizales-Colombia durante 2014-2017. Materiales y métodos. Se consolidó una base de datos de 15961 pacientes. Las variables analizadas fueron raza, edad, historia reproductiva, condición corporal, tipo de dieta, y caracterización clínica del tumor mediante el sistema de estadificación tumor-nódulo-metástasis (TNM). El análisis estadístico incluyó prueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson con corrección de Yates, prueba exacta de Fisher (p<0.05), riesgo relativo, oportunidad relativa (IC95%) y análisis de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados. La incidencia en perros de razas puras fue 79.14%, con un pico promedio a la edad de 9.3 años. La prueba chi-cuadrado de Pearson, el riesgo relativo y las oportunidades relativas mostraron un riesgo alto para razas puras (p=0.019,3.96/100,1.64, respectivamente). Hembras entre los 9 y 12 años mostraron una probabilidad del 74% de desarrollo de tumor mamario. No se encontró una relación significativa entre la masa corporal o estado reproductivo pero una elevada asociación con la dita casera (p<0.001). Los pares inguinales mamarios fueron los más afectados (6.9%). La estimación de Kaplan-Meier mostró una alta supervivencia para pacientes intervenidas quirúrgicamente, con 2013 días después del diagnóstico con cirugía en comparación con 1484 días sin cirugía. Conclusiones. El estudio confirma la relevancia de los factores de riesgo: tipo de raza, edad, condición corporal y tipo de dieta en la presentación de tumor mamario. Además, se destaca la necesidad de mejorar e integrar los sistemas de información de diagnóstico veterinario, considerando su importancia en la salud pública.
Changing Emotions About Fukushima Related to the Fukushima Nuclear Power Station Accident—How Rumors Determined People’s Attitudes: Social Media Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Hasegawa Shin , Suzuki Teppei , Yagahara Ayako , Kanda Reiko , Aono Tatsuo , Yajima Kazuaki , Ogasawara Katsuhiko
Published: September 2020

Background

Public interest in radiation rose after the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident was caused by an earthquake off the Pacific coast of Tohoku on March 11, 2011. Various reports on the accident and radiation were spread by the mass media, and people displayed their emotional reactions, which were thought to be related to information about the Fukushima accident, on Twitter, Facebook, and other social networking sites. Fears about radiation were spread as well, leading to harmful rumors about Fukushima and the refusal to test children for radiation. It is believed that identifying the process by which people emotionally responded to this information, and hence became gripped by an increased aversion to Fukushima, might be useful in risk communication when similar disasters and accidents occur in the future. There are few studies surveying how people feel about radiation in Fukushima and other regions in an unbiased form.

Objective

The purpose of this study is to identify how the feelings of local residents toward radiation changed according to Twitter.

Methods

We used approximately 19 million tweets in Japanese containing the words “radiation” (放射線), “radioactivity” (放射能), and “radioactive substances” (放射性物質) that were posted to Twitter over a 1-year period following the Fukushima nuclear accident. We used regional identifiers contained in tweets (ie, nouns, proper nouns, place names, postal codes, and telephone numbers) to categorize them according to their prefecture, and then analyzed the feelings toward those prefectures from the semantic orientation of the words contained in individual tweets (ie, positive impressions or negative impressions).

Results

Tweets about radiation increased soon after the earthquake and then decreased, and feelings about radiation trended positively. We determined that, on average, tweets associating Fukushima Prefecture with radiation show more positive feelings than those about other prefectures, but have trended negatively over time. We also found that as other tweets have trended positively, only bots and retweets about Fukushima Prefecture have trended negatively.

Conclusions

The number of tweets about radiation has decreased overall, and feelings about radiation have trended positively. However, the fact that tweets about Fukushima Prefecture trended negatively, despite decreasing in percentage, suggests that negative feelings toward Fukushima Prefecture have become more extreme. We found that while the bots and retweets that were not about Fukushima Prefecture gradually trended toward positive feelings, the bots and retweets about Fukushima Prefecture trended toward negative feelings.
Investigator Experiences Using Mobile Technologies in Clinical Research: Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: McKenna Kevin Christopher , Geoghegan Cindy , Swezey Teresa , Perry Brian , Wood William A , Nido Virginia , Morin Steve L , Grabert Brigid K , Hallinan Zachary P , Corneli Amy L
Published: September 2020

Background

The successful adoption of mobile technology for use in clinical trials relies on positive reception from key stakeholders, including clinical investigators; however, little information is known about the perspectives of investigators using mobile technologies in clinical trials.

Objective

The aim of this study was to seek investigators’ insights on the advantages and challenges of mobile clinical trials (MCTs); site-level budgetary, training, and other support needs necessary to adequately prepare for and implement MCTs; and the advantages and disadvantages for trial participants using mobile technologies in clinical trials.

Methods

Using a qualitative descriptive study design, we conducted in-depth interviews with investigators involved in the conduct of MCTs. Data were analyzed using applied thematic analysis.

Results

We interviewed 12 investigators who represented a wide variety of clinical specialties and reported using a wide range of mobile technologies. Investigators most commonly cited 3 advantages of MCTs over traditional clinical trials: more streamlined study operations, remote data capture, and improvement in the quality of studies and data collected. Investigators also reported that MCTs can be designed around the convenience of trial participants, and individuals may be more willing to participate in MCTs because they can take part from their homes. In addition, investigators recognized that MCTs can also involve additional burden for participants and described that operational challenges, technology adoption barriers, uncertainties about data quality, and time burden made MCTs more challenging than traditional clinical trials. Investigators stressed that additional training and dedicated staff effort may be needed to select a particular technology for use in a trial, helping trial participants learn and use the technology, and for staff troubleshooting the technology. Investigators also expressed that sharing data collected in real time with investigators and trial participants is an important aspect of MCTs that warrants consideration and potentially additional training and education.

Conclusions

Investigator perspectives can inform the use of mobile technologies in future clinical trials by proactively identifying and addressing potential challenges.
The Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Conversational Agents in Health Care: Systematic Review
Authors: Milne-Ives Madison , de Cock Caroline , Lim Ernest , Shehadeh Melissa Harper , de Pennington Nick , Mole Guy , Normando Eduardo , Meinert Edward
Published: September 2020

Background

The high demand for health care services and the growing capability of artificial intelligence have led to the development of conversational agents designed to support a variety of health-related activities, including behavior change, treatment support, health monitoring, training, triage, and screening support. Automation of these tasks could free clinicians to focus on more complex work and increase the accessibility to health care services for the public. An overarching assessment of the acceptability, usability, and effectiveness of these agents in health care is needed to collate the evidence so that future development can target areas for improvement and potential for sustainable adoption.

Objective

This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness and usability of conversational agents in health care and identify the elements that users like and dislike to inform future research and development of these agents.

Methods

PubMed, Medline (Ovid), EMBASE (Excerpta Medica dataBASE), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Web of Science, and the Association for Computing Machinery Digital Library were systematically searched for articles published since 2008 that evaluated unconstrained natural language processing conversational agents used in health care. EndNote (version X9, Clarivate Analytics) reference management software was used for initial screening, and full-text screening was conducted by 1 reviewer. Data were extracted, and the risk of bias was assessed by one reviewer and validated by another.

Results

A total of 31 studies were selected and included a variety of conversational agents, including 14 chatbots (2 of which were voice chatbots), 6 embodied conversational agents (3 of which were interactive voice response calls, virtual patients, and speech recognition screening systems), 1 contextual question-answering agent, and 1 voice recognition triage system. Overall, the evidence reported was mostly positive or mixed. Usability and satisfaction performed well (27/30 and 26/31), and positive or mixed effectiveness was found in three-quarters of the studies (23/30). However, there were several limitations of the agents highlighted in specific qualitative feedback.

Conclusions

The studies generally reported positive or mixed evidence for the effectiveness, usability, and satisfactoriness of the conversational agents investigated, but qualitative user perceptions were more mixed. The quality of many of the studies was limited, and improved study design and reporting are necessary to more accurately evaluate the usefulness of the agents in health care and identify key areas for improvement. Further research should also analyze the cost-effectiveness, privacy, and security of the agents.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.2196/16934
Algo más acerca de los procesos étnicos identitarios: un abordaje histórico critico
Authors: Vázquez Héctor
Published: September 2020

El autor redefine su abordaje histórico crítico sobre la investigación de la etnicidad y de las identidades étnicas en contraposición con tres posturas teóricas de gran impacto entre los antropólogos latinoamericanos, a saber: Fredrick Barth, Roberto Cardoso de Oliveira y Guillermo Bonfil Batalla.
Editorial
Authors: Mansilla R.
Published: September 2020

El hilo conductor de este número de la revista es la praxis de sus becarios posdoctorales. En sus páginas encontraremos trabajos cuantitativos sobre la teoría de la complejidad, sobre utopías pospartidistas, sobre la violencia y el racismo, un muy interesante trabajo sobre la circulación de contenidos audiovisuales alternativos en una sociedad con fuertes niveles de censura mediática como la cubana, los sesgos en la representación corporal en los medios de comunicación masiva mexicanos, la antropología de la educación y las emociones en los movimientos sociales. 
Estructura social y resiliencia en instituciones mexicanas de investigación agropecuaria
Authors: Nuñez Espinoza Juan Felipe
Published: September 2020

La resiliencia social es un proceso multiorganizacional que involucra capacidades de innovación, soporte, protección y recuperación en comunidades e instituciones. En este trabajo se presenta el análisis del Colegio de Postgraduados como una experiencia institucional y de vinculación académica. El objetivo principal fue determinar sus capacidades de resiliencia, desde la actuación de sus miembros como comunidad. Se utilizó el enfoque de redes sociales, a través del análisis de las actividades de colaboración académica reportadas por 86 % de la población docente de esta institución, la información obtenida permitió analizar un organigrama social que opera de forma diferenciada y centralizada sobre la base de las vinculaciones de sus investigadores. Con este trabajo, por lo tanto, se propone una línea de investigación que permita analizar estas capacidades en las instituciones mexicanas de investigación en sectores estratégicos, como el agropecuario, a fin de explorar nuevas posibilidades en la gestión del capital intelectual institucional.
Para una crítica de las instituciones imbéciles. Economía política y antropología en Thorstein Veblen
Authors: Arenas Luis
Published: September 2020

El presente artículo tiene la intención de reivindicar el pensamiento y la crítica social de Thorstein Veblen que, a pesar del silencio académico que ha sufrido en las últimas décadas, sigue vigente. Buena parte de su obra tuvo como objetivo diseccionar el irracional quid pro quo que caracterizaba a la lógica económica de su tiempo —que en muchos sentidos sigue siendo el nuestro—. A través de algunos de sus conceptos analíticos centrales como “clase ociosa”, “consumo ostensible”, “intereses creados”, “sabotaje capitalista”,“propiedad ausente”y“capitanes de industria”, el pensamiento de Veblen ha adquirido una inesperada actualidad en nuestros tiempos, en los que la deslegitimación del sistema económico dominante ha sufrido una vertiginosa aceleración. Este artículo aspira a poner de manifiesto el hilo invisible que une al “capitán de industria” de Veblen con el “empren- dedor” de la época del capitalismo neoliberal, con la esperanza de volver a hacer resonar la potencia hermenéutica que encierra su obra.
“Prostituta es quien no cobra”. El paso argumental de la prostitución al trabajo sexual
Authors: Panchi Marco
Published: September 2020

Este artículo estudia los argumentos que las dirigentes de las asociaciones de trabajo sexual femenino en Quito exponen para justificar su actividad como merecedora de garantías políticas, económicas y sociales. Este texto es resultado de la elaboración y análisis de historias de vida sobre cinco dirigentes del trabajo sexual, además de una etnografía de sus prácticas políticas y su capital social. El artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar cómo estas mujeres equiparan el trabajo sexual con cualquier otra actividad laboral, la cual diferencia las actividades económicas de la vida privada. Sin embargo, ambos espacios —vida laboral y vida privada— entran en conflicto, provocando una contradicción entre el discurso público del trabajo sexual y la forma como se vive en el plano privado. Se pretende mostrar que, a pesar de esta relación contradictoria, las trabajadoras sexuales establecen formas para obtener beneficios y negociar las fronteras entre lo laboral y personal. Lo anterior abona a una discusión siempre polémica e inconclusa alrededor del reconocimiento del trabajo sexual y la forma en cómo es experimentado.
Violencia contra las mujeres en política. El caso de la Asamblea Constituyente de la Ciudad de México
Authors: Rodríguez Calva María Fernanda , Frias Sonia M.
Published: September 2020

La implementación de las cuotas de género y la paridad han posibilitado la mayor representación de las mujeres. Sin embargo, han derivado en un incremento o visibilización de la violencia contra ellas. Se ha nombrado el fenómeno violencia política, violencia política contra las mujeres, violencia política por razones de género y acoso político. La falta de consenso en el nombre y su conceptualización genera lagunas legislativas e inconsistencias en los mecanismos de prevención, atención y sanción. Este estudio abona al debate conceptual al nombrarlo violencia de género contra las mujeres en política (VGCMP). Además, examina las experiencias de las mujeres de la Asamblea Constituyente de la Ciudad de México (ACCDMX). Las mujeres experimentan numerosas expresiones de VGCMP que frecuentemente pasan inadvertidas. No sólo los compañeros/as son los autores del acoso, discriminación y violencia, sino que también participan el electorado, el personal de seguridad y los empleados de la ACCDMX. Las mujeres despliegan diversas estrategias de resistencia individuales y colectivas. Se discuten las implicaciones sobre el marco normativo y las acciones de prevención y sanción de la VGCMP.
La protesta feminista en México. La misoginia en el discurso institucional y en las redes sociodigitales
Authors: Cerva Cerna Daniela
Published: September 2020

En el contexto de la emergencia global de la cuarta ola del feminismo, este artículo analiza la irrupción de colectivas de mujeres jóvenes que actúan principalmente a través de la protesta social y el ciberactivismo. En los últimos años, estas colectivas han roto el silencio sobre la gravedad de la violencia contra las mujeres en México, y han logrado influir en la opinión pública, la agenda política y en la de los medios de comunicación. Este texto examina las dinámicas específicas de protesta mediante la descripción de dos coyunturas de movilización masiva, la primera en agosto de 2019 y la segunda, en fe- brero de 2020. En particular se revisa la forma como las movilizaciones se fueron intensificando y amplificando por la reacción hostil de los discursos institucionales y los mensajes en las redes sociales. Se sostiene que la energía y el enfoque del activismo feminista contemporáneo en México proviene de una doble indignación: la rabia ante la epidemia de violencia contra la mujer se intensifica por una mayor violencia institucional, en forma de discursos públicos hostiles, revictimizantes y antifeministas. De esta manera, el artículo documenta el reciente activismo feminista, al tiempo que explica la particular dinámica política del feminismo de cuarta ola en el país.
Mujeres y usos de los espacios públicos en México
Authors: Flores Dávila Julia Isabel
Published: September 2020

El presente artículo analiza los diversos usos y significados que se presentan en la multiplicidad de espacios públicos y en sus liminalidades, en contextos urbanos y en configuraciones políticas determinadas, enmarcados en relaciones de género estructuralmente establecidas. De igual manera, se brindan elementos teórico-metodológicos para contribuir a la discusión sociológica del uso social de los espacios, el cual induce o inhibe el acceso y disfrute por parte de las mujeres y otros grupos tradicionalmente en desventaja. A partir del análisis de lugares como el parque, la calle y hasta los espacios virtuales —redes sociales y la Internet—, se exponen datos contundentes acerca de la desigualdad de la utilización, percepción y participación dentro del espacio público.