bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer and incident cardiovascular events: A systematic analysis at the nationwide level
Authors: Gue Ying X. , Bisson Arnaud , Bodin Alexandre , Herbert Julien , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Fauchier Laurent
Published: February 2022

Background

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and the treatments are frequently cardiotoxic. Whether BC is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events is a matter of debate. We evaluated the associations among BC and incident cardiovascular events in a contemporary population.

Methods

All female patients discharged from French hospitals in 2013 with at least 5 years of follow‐up and without a history of major adverse cardiovascular event (myocardial infarction [MI], heart failure [HF], ischaemic stroke or all‐cause death, and MACE‐HF, which includes cardiovascular death, MI, ischaemic stroke or HF) or cancer (except BC) were identified. After propensity score matching, patients with BC were matched 1:1 with patients with no BC. Hazard ratios (HRs) for cardiovascular events during follow‐up were adjusted on age, sex and smoking status at baseline.

Results

1,795,759 patients were included, among whom 64,480 (4.3%) had history of BC. During a mean follow‐up of 5.1 years, matched female patients with BC had a higher risk of all‐cause death (HR 3.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.47–3.64), new‐onset HF (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04–1.11), major bleeding (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.36–1.49), MACE‐HF (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04–1.11) and net adverse clinical events (NACE) including all‐cause death, MI, ischaemic stroke, HF or major bleeding (HR 2.53, 95% CI 2.48–2.58) compared with those with no BC. By contrast, risks were not higher for cardiovascular death (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.88–1.00) and were lower for MI (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.75–0.88) and ischaemic stroke (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.79–1.11).

Conclusions

In a large and contemporary analysis of female patients seen in French hospitals, women with history of breast cancer had a higher risk of all‐cause mortality, new‐onset heart failure and major bleeding compared to a matched cohort of women without breast cancer. In contrast, they have a reduced risk of cardiovascular mortality, MI and stroke.
Increased serum diamine oxidase activity in nonallergic patients with migraine
Authors: García‐Martín Elena , Navarro‐Muñoz Santiago , Amo Gemma , Rodriguez Christopher , Serrador Mercedes , Alonso‐Navarro Hortensia , Calleja Marisol , Turpín‐Fenoll Laura , Recio‐Bermejo Marta , García‐Ruiz Rafael , Millán‐Pascual Jorge , Navacerrada Francisco , Plaza‐Nieto José Francisco , García‐Albea Esteban , Agúndez José A.G. , Jiménez‐Jiménez Félix Javier
Published: February 2022

Background/objectives

Histamine has shown a possible role in the etiopathogenesis of migraine. It has been reported an association between some polymorphisms in the diamine oxidase (DAO) gene and migraine, especially in women. Two studies addressing DAO activity in migraine patients showed conflicting results. We investigated the possible relationship of serum DAO activity and histamine levels and 3 polymorphisms in the DAO gene with the risk for migraine.

Methods

We studied the frequencies of DAO rs10156191, rs1049742 and rs1049793 genotypes and allelic variants in 298 migraine patients and 360 healthy controls (using a TaqMan‐based qPCR assay), and serum DAO activity and histamine levels in a subset of 99 migraine patients and 115 controls with strict exclusion criteria, and analysed the relationship of these variables with several clinical features of migraine.

Results

The frequencies of the DAO genotypes and allelic variants analysed were similar in migraine patients and controls. Serum DAO activity was significantly higher in migraine patients (Vmax/Km 4.24 ± 2.93 vs. 3.60 ± 7.64, p < 0.001), especially in females (Vmax/Km 4.63 ± 2.96 vs. 3.18 ± 2.32, p < 0.0001), while serum histamine was similar in both study groups.

Conclusion

Serum DAO activity was increased in patients with migraine, especially in females, while serum histamine levels were normal. None of the studied polymorphisms was associated with the risk for migraine.
The role and challenges of public service organisations in the labour market integration of refugees: A relational perspective analysing integration measures in Austria, Finland, Germany and Sweden
Authors: Bešić Almina , Fóti Klára , Vasileva Veronika
Published: February 2022

The need to integrate refugees into the labour markets across the European Union has put public service organisations at the forefront of support provision, but little is known about their role and challenges. This study investigates how these organisations in Austria, Finland, Germany and Sweden organise labour market integration support measures for refugees and the challenges they face in doing so. Using a relational framework, we draw on the understanding that labour market integration occurs at the interplay between the institutional, organisational and individual level. Thematic analysis based on 23 interviews with representatives from public service organisations and their partners revealed challenges across different levels related to specificities of refugees, mental health issues, training and motivation of staff and public‐private cooperation. We show the interrelations of these levels and implications on public service organisations. We propose a holistic approach for labour market integration support, with the organisations at the centre.
Pyoderma gangrenosum: A systematic review of the molecular characteristics of disease
Authors: Flora Akshay , Kozera Emily , Frew John W.
Published: February 2022

Pyoderma gangrenosum is a painful recurrent ulcerative neutrophilic dermatosis in which the pathogenesis is incompletely defined. Current evidence suggests that PG is associated with dysregulation of components of both the innate and adaptive immune system with dysregulation of neutrophil function and contribution of the Th17 immune axis. PG can be present in numerous heterogeneous clinical presentations and be associated with multiple inflammatory conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and hidradenitis suppurativa. However, no critical evaluation of the observed molecular characteristics in PG studies in association with their clinical findings has been assessed. Additionally, emerging evidence suggests a potential role for other cell types and immune pathways including B cells, macrophages, autoantibodies and the complement system in PG, although these have not yet been integrated into the pathogenesis of disease. This systematic review aims to critically evaluate the current molecular observations regarding the pathogenesis of PG and discuss associations with clinical characteristics as well as the evidence supporting novel cell types and immune pathways in PG.
Calcium dobesilate protects against d‐galactose‐induced hepatic and renal dysfunction, oxidative stress, and pathological damage
Authors: Hakimizadeh Elham , Zamanian Mohammad Yassin , Damankhorshid Morteza , Giménez‐Llort Lydia , Sciorati Clara , Nikbakhtzadeh Marjan , Moradbeygi Khadijeh , Kujawska Małgorzata , Kaeidi Ayat , Taghipour Zahra , Fatemi Iman
Published: February 2022

Calcium dobesilate (CaD) is used for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. This agent exerts antioxidant effects. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effects of oral administration of CaD against hepatorenal damages in a mice model of aging induced by d‐galactose (d‐gal). We used 28 male albino mice, which equally and randomly were divided into four groups as follows: intact, aging (d‐gal at the dose of 500 mg/kg, p.o.), aging + CaD 50 (d‐gal plus CaD at the dose of 50 mg/kg), and aging + CaD 100 (d‐gal plus CaD at the dose of 100 mg/kg, p.o.). All drugs were administered orally once a day for 42 days. The liver and kidney damages were evaluated by measuring mass indices, levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, and activities of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase and by histopathological evaluation. Moreover, hepatic and renal tissue oxidant/antioxidant markers (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) were measured. The results showed that d‐gal treatment induced significant oxidative stress in the kidney and liver that was paralleled by dysfunctions and histological alterations of these organs. CaD significantly improved the liver and kidney indices, implemented functional capacity of the liver and kidney, as well as decreased oxidative stress enhancing antioxidative enzyme activities. CaD treatment also inhibited the development of histological alterations of both kidney and liver. CaD might represent a promising therapeutic agent for the attenuation of hepatorenal injuries induced by aging.
Structural features determining the vitamin K epoxide reduction activity in the VKOR family of membrane oxidoreductases
Authors: Shen Guomin , Li Chaokun , Cao Qing , Megta Abhin Kumar , Li Shuang , Gao Meng , Liu Hongli , Shen Yan , Chen Yixiang , Yu Haichuan , Li Sanqiang , Li Weikai
Published: February 2022

Vitamin K epoxide reductases (VKORs) are a large family of integral membrane enzymes found from bacteria to humans. Human VKOR, specific target of warfarin, has both the epoxide and quinone reductase activity to maintain the vitamin K cycle. Bacterial VKOR homologs, however, are insensitive to warfarin inhibition and are quinone reductases incapable of epoxide reduction. What affords the epoxide reductase activity in human VKOR remains unknown. Here, we show that a representative bacterial VKOR homolog can be converted to an epoxide reductase that is also inhibitable by warfarin. To generate this new activity, we first substituted several regions surrounding the active site of bacterial VKOR by those from human VKOR based on comparison of their crystal structures. Subsequent systematic substitutions narrowed down to merely eight residues, with the addition of a membrane anchor domain, that are responsible for the epoxide reductase activity. Substitutions corresponding to N80 and Y139 in human VKOR provide strong hydrogen bonding interactions to facilitate the epoxide reduction. The rest of six substitutions increase the size and change the shape of the substrate‐binding pocket, and the membrane anchor domain stabilizes this pocket while allowing certain flexibility for optimal binding of the epoxide substrate. Overall, our study reveals the structural features of the epoxide reductase activity carried out by a subset of VKOR family in the membrane environment.
A modified energy model including mean stress and creep threshold stress effect for creep–fatigue life prediction
Authors: Song Kai , Zhao Lei , Xu Lianyong , Han Yongdian , Hao Kangda
Published: February 2022

Creep–fatigue interaction plays an important role in the failure of high‐temperature components. However, most of the existing life prediction limits materials and testing conditions. The present study was conducted to modify the strain energy density exhaustion model systematically to predict the creep–fatigue life under a wide range of materials, hold times, and total strain ranges. Mean stress effect was considered by the creep–fatigue net tensile hysteretic energy to eliminate the overestimation of fatigue damage in the traditional method, while creep threshold stress was introduced to estimate the creep damage. In addition, a novel failure strain energy model was proposed to describe the correlation among failure strain energy, creep failure mechanisms, and temperatures. Based on the tension‐hold creep–fatigue data of Grade 91 steel, 304 SS, Alloy 617, and 1Cr1Mo0.25V steel, the modified model predicted reasonable lives within a ±1.5 scatter band.
Global trends health science libraries: Part 3
Authors: Murphy Jeannette
Published: February 2022

This is the last of three articles based on a series of articles published in the Health Information and Libraries Journal's Regular Feature (International Perspectives and Initiatives). Key trends from 12 countries in Europe, North America, Africa, and Asia were identified. In this issue, the last five trends are considered: (1) Participation in collaborations, networks, partnerships, social networks; (2) Repurposing library space; (3) Focus on user experience; (4) Impact of technology on the provision of services; and (5) Engaging with the public. Readers are challenged to compare these trends with their own experiences.
Is transvaginal mesh procedure a potential measure for pelvic organ prolapse repair when performed by expert surgeons?
Authors: Takeyama Masami , Kuwata Tomoko , Kato Chikako , Kashihara Hiromi , Watanabe Masaki , Kinoshita Rie , Hirota Miho
Published: February 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study was to verify the safety and efficacy of transvaginal mesh by analyzing the 2‐year follow‐up data of patients performed by a surgeon with a high volume of procedures.

Methods

A total of 617 patients with pelvic organ prolapse underwent transvaginal mesh by a single surgeon. Complications and anatomical status of each patient were examined up to 24 months after surgery. Risk factors for the recurrence were also analyzed.

Results

Regarding complications, we experienced 10 patients (3.8%) of bladder injuries in anterior transvaginal mesh and eight (3.4%) in anterior and posterior transvaginal mesh. Massive blood loss was observed in four patients, but there was no case of blood transfusion. Mesh exposures were seen in seven patients (1.2%). A total of 100 patients (16.2%) had prolapse recurrence, defined as the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System stage ≥II. As to recurrences on the operated compartments, we observed five patients (2.0%) for anterior transvaginal mesh, three (6.5%) for posterior transvaginal mesh, five (7.4%) for combined transvaginal mesh, and 31 (14.2%) in anterior and posterior transvaginal mesh. Regarding Point C before operation in the anterior and posterior transvaginal mesh, the recurrence rates were more than 23% in patients with a Point C of 4 or more. Binominal regression analyses showed that higher body mass index, younger age, and higher stage of uterine prolapse were significant risk factors.

Conclusions

The transvaginal mesh surgery is safe when conducted by experts. However, the recurrence rate may exceed 20% for high‐stage uterine prolapse even when conducted by experts.
The relationship between multimorbidity, obesity and functional impairment in older adults
Authors: Lynch David H. , Petersen Curtis L. , Fanous Marco M. , Spangler Hillary B. , Kahkoska Anna R. , Jimenez Daniel , Batsis John A.
Published: February 2022

Background

Declining mortality rates and an aging population have contributed to increasing rates of multimorbidity (MM) in the United States. MM is strongly associated with a decline in physical function. Obesity is an important risk factor for the development of MM, and its prevalence continues to rise. Our study aimed to evaluate the associations between obesity, MM, and rates of functional limitations in older adults.

Methods

We analyzed body mass index (BMI) and self‐reported comorbidity data from 7261 individuals aged ≥60 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2005–2014. Weight status was defined based on standard BMI categories. MM was defined as 2 or more comorbidities, while functional limitations were self‐reported. Adjusted logistic regression quantified the association between standard BMI categories and MM. We also examined the difference in the prevalence of limitations between those with and without MM.

Results

The overall proportion of individuals with concomitant MM and obesity was 27.0%. Compared to a normal BMI, older adults with obesity had higher odds of MM (Prevalence odds ratio 1.79, 95% CI 1.49, 2.12). Overall, 67.5% of patients with MM also reported a functional limitation, with rates of functional limitation increasing with increasing BMI. When evaluating functional limitations in those with MM by BMI class, 90% of patients classified as severely obese (BMI ≥40 kg/m2) with MM also had a concomitant functional limitation.

Conclusions

Compared to normal weight status, obesity is associated with an increased burden of MM and functional limitation among older adults. Our results underscore the importance of identifying and addressing obesity, MM, and functional limitation patterns and the need for evidence‐based interventions that address all three conditions in this population.
Risk of primary liver cancer in acute hepatic porphyria patients: A matched cohort study of 1244 individuals
Authors: Lissing Mattias , Vassiliou Daphne , Floderus Ylva , Harper Pauline , Bottai Matteo , Kotopouli Marianna , Hagström Hannes , Sardh Eliane , Wahlin Staffan
Published: February 2022

Background

The acute hepatic porphyrias (AHP) are associated with a risk of primary liver cancer (PLC), but risk estimates are unclear, and what AHP characteristics that predict PLC risk are unknown. In this register‐based, matched cohort study, we assessed the PLC risk in relation to biochemical and clinical porphyria severity, genotype, age, and sex.

Methods

All patients in the Swedish porphyria register with acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), variegate porphyria (VP), or hereditary coproporphyria (HCP) during 1987‒2015 were included. This AHP cohort was compared with age‐, sex‐, and county‐matched reference individuals from the general population. National register‐based hospital admissions for AHP were used to indicate the clinical severity. For AIP, the most common AHP type, patients were stratified by genotype and urinary porphobilinogen (U‐PBG). Incident PLC data were collected from national health registers.

Results

We identified 1244 individuals with AHP (1063 [85%] AIP). During a median follow‐up of 19.5 years, we identified 108 incident PLC cases, including 83 AHP patients (6.7%) and 25 of 12,333 reference individuals (0.2%). The adjusted hazard ratio for AHP‐PLC was 38.0 (95% confidence interval: 24.3‒59.3). Previously elevated U‐PBG and hospitalizations for porphyria, but not AIP genotype or sex, were associated with increased PLC risk. Patients aged >50 years with previously elevated U‐PBG (n = 157) had an annual PLC incidence of 1.8%.

Conclusion

This study confirmed a high PLC risk and identified a strong association with clinical and biochemical AIP activity. Regular PLC surveillance is motivated in patients older than 50 years with a history of active AIP.
Who is the hardest to wake up from sleep? An investigation of self‐reported sleep inertia using a latent profile analysis
Authors: Ma Zijuan , Chen Xiao‐Yan , Wang Dongfang , Zhu Zhiyi , Niu Haiquan , Huang Shuiqing , Zhou Xiuzhu , Yang Zheng , Fan Fang
Published: February 2022

Few studies have assessed the overall nature and profiles of subjective sleep inertia (SI) within the general population. This study was designed to identify subjective SI profiles and examine the associations between profiles of subjective SI with sociodemographic and sleep‐related characteristics. A total of 11 colleges and universities were surveyed from May 30 to June 17, 2021, by convenience sampling. A total of 1,240 participants provided usable data regarding sociodemographic information, Sleep Inertia Questionnaire, and sleep‐related characteristics via an online platform. Latent profile analysis was utilised to identify profiles of SI. Multinomial logistic regression was further performed to examine the predisposing factors of profiles of SI. Four profiles of SI were identified: (1) “Low SI”, 20%; (2) “Mild SI”, 31%; (3) “Moderate SI”, 33%; and (4) “Severe SI”, 16%. Compared to a Low SI profile, younger, individuals with an evening chronotype, and individuals who had <6 h sleep/night, experienced poor sleep quality, and moderate‐to‐severe sleep disturbance were at increased risk of experiencing severe SI. Individuals with more languid types tended to show more severe SI, while individuals reporting greater flexibility experienced less SI. This study is the first effort to examine the profiles of subjective SI using latent profile analysis and identified four profiles of SI in the general population. This effort may contribute to a greater understanding of SI, including the development of a screening tool and interventions to reduce SI.
Floral resources shape parasite and pathogen dynamics in bees facing urbanization
Authors: Cohen Hamutahl , Ponisio Lauren C. , Russell Kaleigh A. , Philpott Stacy M. , McFrederick Quinn S.
Published: February 2022

Urbanization is associated with increases in impervious land cover, which alters the distribution of resources available to wildlife and concentrates activity in unbuilt spaces such as parks and gardens. How resource shifts alter the dynamics of parasite and pathogen transmission has not been addressed for many important species in urban systems. We focus on urban gardens, resource‐rich “islands” within the urban matrix, to examine how the availability of floral resources at local and landscape scales influences the prevalence of six RNA viruses and three parasites in honey bees and bumble bees. Because parasites and pathogens are transmitted at flowers between visitors, we expected that floral abundance would concentrate bees within gardens, amplifying infection rates in pollinators, unless increases in floral resources would enhance bee diversity enough to dilute transmission. We found that garden size and flowering perennial plant abundance had a positive, direct effect on parasite and pathogen richness in bumble bees, suggesting that resource provisioning amplifies transmission. We also found that parasitism rates in honey bees were positively associated with parasites and pathogens in bumble bees, suggesting spillover between species. Encouragingly, we found evidence that management may mitigate parasitism through indirect effects: garden size had a positive impact on bee diversity, which in turn was negatively associated with parasite and pathogen richness in bumble bees. Unexpectedly, we observed that that parasite and pathogen richness in honey bees had no significant predictors, highlighting the complexity of comparing transmission dynamics between species. Although floral resources provide bees with food, we suggest more research on the tradeoffs between resource provisioning and disease transmission to implement conservation plantings in changing landscapes.
Metabolism is a major driver of hydrogen isotope fractionation recorded in tree‐ring glucose of Pinus nigra
Authors: Wieloch Thomas , Grabner Michael , Augusti Angela , Serk Henrik , Ehlers Ina , Yu Jun , Schleucher Jürgen
Published: February 2022

Stable isotope abundances convey valuable information about plant physiological processes and underlying environmental controls. Central gaps in our mechanistic understanding of hydrogen isotope abundances impede their widespread application within the plant and biogeosciences.

To address these gaps, we analysed intramolecular deuterium abundances in glucose of Pinus nigra extracted from an annually resolved tree‐ring series (1961–1995).

We found fractionation signals (i.e. temporal variability in deuterium abundance) at glucose H1 and H2 introduced by closely related metabolic processes. Regression analysis indicates that these signals (and thus metabolism) respond to drought and atmospheric CO2 concentration beyond a response change point. They explain ≈ 60% of the whole‐molecule deuterium variability. Altered metabolism is associated with below‐average yet not exceptionally low growth.

We propose the signals are introduced at the leaf level by changes in sucrose‐to‐starch carbon partitioning and anaplerotic carbon flux into the Calvin–Benson cycle. In conclusion, metabolism can be the main driver of hydrogen isotope variation in plant glucose.
The nonlinear and asymetric pass‐through effect of crude oil prices on inflation
Authors: Altunöz Utku
Published: February 2022

This paper examines pass‐through of crude oil prices on consumer prices index (CPI) and producer prices index (PPI) in Turkey in the augmented Phillips curve context by applying ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag) and NARDL (non‐linear ARDL) models. The results show that the effects of volatility in crude oil prices to Turkey’s consumer price index and producer prices index are not symmetrical in the long run. The long‐term effects of the increase in international oil prices consumer price index and producer prices index are higher than the case where international oil prices show reduction. When compared to ARDL model, NARDL model reveals more significant results that are required to consider the asymmetry effect of international oil prices to consumer price index. Moreover, if crude oil prices rise, both indices are affected differently. Therefore, economic authorities in Turkey should adopt different density monetary policy efforts to respond the rise and fall of global oil prices. Focusing on further loosening the control of oil prices and reducing the cartel valuing power of oil enterprises are among the options together with implementing long‐term policies that encourage renewable energy sources.
Give me liberty or give me COVID‐19: How social dominance orientation, right‐wing authoritarianism, and libertarianism explain Americans’ reactions to COVID‐19
Authors: Peng Yilang
Published: February 2022

While previous research has revealed an ideological divide in Americans’ perceptions of COVID‐19, specific ideological components can additionally explain public reactions to the pandemic. With two surveys—one sample of crowdsourced workers (N = 482) and a nationally representative sample of American adults (N = 7449)—this research investigates how multiple ideological facets simultaneously predict individuals’ reactions to COVID‐19. Results demonstrate that social dominance orientation and libertarianism are two important ideological sources that predict more dismissal of COVID‐19 and less support for government measures. Right‐wing authoritarianism was negatively correlated with COVID‐19 concern and support for government actions, but suppression effects could exist. The effects of ideological variables were largely consistent when trust in science was considered. This study highlights the role of specific ideological components in contributing to the political divide regarding attitudes toward the COVID‐19 pandemic beyond the liberal–conservative identification.
The link between empowering leadership and employees’ perceptions of the effectiveness of blended working
Authors: Wörtler Burkhard , Van Yperen Nico W. , Barelds Dick P. H.
Published: February 2022

Linked to technological and societal developments, including the COVID‐19 pandemic, employees are increasingly being given the opportunity to blend onsite and remote working including flexibility as to when and where they work. Despite the proliferation of such blended working, there is little empirical research on how leaders in organizations can contribute to facilitating its effectiveness. In the present study, we hypothesized that an empowering leadership style would be positively associated with employees' perceptions of the effectiveness of blended working. Additionally, grounded in Self‐Determination Theory, we hypothesized that the satisfaction of employees' work‐related psychological needs for autonomy and for competence would mediate this relation. Results of a field study (N = 405 employees) using a two‐wave panel design supported a cross‐lagged effect of empowering leadership on employees' perceptions of the effectiveness of blended working. However, no evidence was found for the hypothesized mediated relations. Our findings could be of value to organizations as they indicate a specific leadership style that is likely to facilitate the effectiveness of blended working.
The frontiers of new psychedelic therapies: A survey of sociological themes and issues
Authors: Andrews Timothy , Wright Katie
Published: February 2022

Psychedelic compounds are on the cusp of being approved by medical regulators for treatment‐resistant mental health disorders. Following promising clinical trials, and as rates of mental ill health rise globally, psychedelic medicine presents a new paradigm for treating depression, anxiety, addiction and post‐traumatic stress disorder. The novelty of psychedelic therapies, the cultural stigma they elicit, and the challenges of regulation and implementation urgently call for a sociological lens onto this emerging field of psychiatry. This article identifies key sociological issues related to the medicalisation of psychedelic‐assisted therapies. It begins with a brief overview of the field's history and current treatment approaches. We then identify and critically examine three areas of sociological interest: the of role advocacy in the advancement of scientific research and the destigmatisation of psychedelics; issues related to the medicalisation and pharmaceuticalisation; and integration into healthcare systems. The challenges and affordances of psychedelics to existing therapeutic models, regulation and monetisation are highlighted, and the socio‐political context of the pharmaceutical industry, research, investment and implementation is examined. Drawing on health science literature in this field, the article offers a sociological lens on clinical psychedelic medicine as an emerging and potentially paradigm shifting field of psychiatry and psychotherapy.
Gender and innovation through an intersectional lens: Re‐imagining academic entrepreneurship in the United States
Authors: Mickey Ethel L. , Smith‐Doerr Laurel
Published: February 2022

How to study inequality in innovation? Often, the focus has been gender gaps in patenting. Yet much is missing from our understanding of gendered inequality in innovation with this focus. This review discusses how gender and innovation are intertwined in durable academic inequalities and have implications for who is served by innovation. It summarizes research on gender and race gaps in academic entrepreneurship (including patenting), reasons for those longstanding inequities, and concludes with discussing why innovation gaps matter, including the need to think critically about academic commercialization. And while literature exists on gender gaps in academic entrepreneurship and race gaps in patenting, intersectional analyses of innovation are missing. Black feminist theorists have taught us that gender and race are overlapping and inseparable systems of oppression. We cannot accurately understand inequality in innovation without intersectionality, so this is a serious gap in current research. Intersectional research on gender and innovation is needed across epistemic approaches and methods. From understanding discrimination in academic entrepreneurship to bringing together critical analyses of racial capitalism and academic capitalism, there is much work to do.
ChineseTR: A weakly supervised toponym recognition architecture based on automatic training data generator and deep neural network
Authors: Qiu Qinjun , Xie Zhong , Wang Shu , Zhu Yunqiang , Lv Hairong , Sun Kai
Published: February 2022

Toponym recognition is used to extract toponyms from natural language texts, which is a fundamental task of ubiquitous geographic information applications. Existing toponym recognition methods with state‐of‐the‐art performance mainly leverage supervised learning (i.e., deep‐learning‐based approaches) with parameters learned from massive, labeled datasets that must be annotated manually. This is a great inconvenience when model training needs to fit different domain texts, especially those of social media messaging. To address this issue, this article proposes a weakly supervised Chinese toponym recognition (ChineseTR) architecture that leverages a training dataset creator that generates training datasets automatically based on word collections and associated word frequencies from various texts and an extension recognizer that employs a basic bidirectional recurrent neural network based on particular features designed for toponym recognition. The results show that the proposed ChineseTR achieves a 0.76 F1 score in a corpus with a 0.718 out‐of‐vocabulary rate and a 0.903 in‐vocabulary rate. All comparative experiments demonstrate that ChineseTR is an effective and scalable architecture that recognizes toponyms.
Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals of brown‐throated sloths (Bradypus variegatus)
Authors: Chagas Carolina Romeiro Fernandes , Lima Caio Filipe da Motta , Hany Lima Gonzalez Irys , Borges Salgado Paula Andrea , Monticelli Cauê , Ramos Patrícia Locosque
Published: February 2022

The brown‐throated sloth, Bradypus variegatus, is a common species endemic to South and Central America. Nonetheless, maintaining these animals in captivity can be challenging, and very few institutions manage to do so. The São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation is in a remnant of the Atlantic rainforest in the middle of São Paulo, the largest city in Brazil. This forest fragment has a population of B. variegatus that is geographically isolated and yet to be studied. Assessing the health status of individuals remains difficult due to the lack of reference intervals (RIs) for hematologic and biochemical variables for this species. We aimed to establish hematologic and biochemical RIs in a population of wild B. variegatus living in the largest remnant of Atlantic rainforest in São Paulo city, Brazil. Blood samples from 25 individuals of wild B. variegatus were collected and analyzed for 20 hematologic and 21 biochemical variables, using standard laboratory techniques. Each variable was statistically analyzed according to the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines. The results obtained for each variable were statically analyzed, making it possible to obtain descriptive statistics for all hematologic and biochemical variables. RIs were determined for 16 hematologic variables. During the microscopic analysis, we observed anisocytosis, polychromatophils, Howell‐Jolly bodies, macroplatelets, and reactive lymphocytes. The RIs and descriptive statistics described here establish important baseline numbers that could be essential for the management and treatment of both captive and wild B. variegatus sloths.
Human erythrocyte fragmentation during ex‐vivo pig organ perfusion
Authors: Habibabady Zahra A. , Sendil Selin , Ellett Felix , Pollok Franziska , Elias Gabriela F. , French Beth M. , Sun Wenji , Braileanu Gheorghe , Burdorf Lars , Irimia Daniel , Pierson Richard N. , Azimzadeh Agnes M.
Published: February 2022

Platelet sequestration is a common process during organ reperfusion after transplantation. However, instead of lower platelet counts, when using traditional hemocytometers and light microscopy, we observed physiologically implausible platelet counts in the course of ex‐vivo lung and liver xenograft organ perfusion studies. We employed conventional flow cytometry (FC) and imaging FC (AMINS ImageStream X) to investigate the findings and found platelet‐sized fragments in the circulation that are mainly derived from red blood cell membranes. We speculate that this erythrocyte fragmentation contributes to anemia during in‐vivo organ xenotransplant.
Globalization and Women's Employability in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: AYENAGBO Kossi
Published: February 2022

The objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of globalization on female employment in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The GMM estimator was used in the econometric approach based on panel data from 39 Sub-Saharan African countries covering the period from 1995-2018. For further analysis, the sample was divided into four subgroups of regions including Central, Eastern, Western and Southern regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. The estimation results revealed that globalization measured by the openness rate and FDI flows significantly affects women's employment. This effect is positive for the openness rate and negative for FDI. This can be explained by the high representation of women in the informal sector whose main activity is trade. The results also showed a significant effect of socio-economic variables, particularly Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Policymakers, in their efforts to stimulate economic growth, should put in place policies and programs that promote trade liberalization and women's empowerment.
Discovery of genomic loci of the human cerebral cortex using genetically informed brain atlases
Authors: Makowski Carolina , van der Meer Dennis , Dong Weixiu , Wang Hao , Wu Yan , Zou Jingjing , Liu Cin , Rosenthal Sara B. , Hagler Donald J. , Fan Chun Chieh , Kremen William S. , Andreassen Ole A. , Jernigan Terry L. , Dale Anders M. , Zhang Kun , Visscher Peter M. , Yang Jian , Chen Chi-Hua
Published: February 2022

To determine the impact of genetic variants on the brain, we used genetically informed brain atlases in genome-wide association studies of regional cortical surface area and thickness in 39,898 adults and 9136 children. We uncovered 440 genome-wide significant loci in the discovery cohort and 800 from a post hoc combined meta-analysis. Loci in adulthood were largely captured in childhood, showing signatures of negative selection, and were linked to early neurodevelopment and pathways associated with neuropsychiatric risk. Opposing gradations of decreased surface area and increased thickness were associated with common inversion polymorphisms. Inferior frontal regions, encompassing Broca’s area, which is important for speech, were enriched for human-specific genomic elements. Thus, a mixed genetic landscape of conserved and human-specific features is concordant with brain hierarchy and morphogenetic gradients.
Second sound attenuation near quantum criticality
Authors: Li Xi , Luo Xiang , Wang Shuai , Xie Ke , Liu Xiang-Pei , Hu Hui , Chen Yu-Ao , Yao Xing-Can , Pan Jian-Wei
Published: February 2022

Second sound attenuation, a distinctive dissipative hydrodynamic phenomenon in a superfluid, is crucial for understanding superfluidity and elucidating critical phenomena. Here, we report the observation of second sound attenuation in a homogeneous Fermi gas of lithium-6 atoms at unitarity by performing Bragg spectroscopy with high energy resolution in the long-wavelength limit. We successfully obtained the temperature dependence of second sound diffusivity

D
2

and thermal conductivity κ. Furthermore, we observed a sudden rise—a precursor of critical divergence—in both

D
2

and κ at a temperature of about 0.95 superfluid transition temperature

T
c

. This suggests that the unitary Fermi gas has a much larger critical region than does liquid helium. Our results pave the way for determining the universal critical scaling functions near quantum criticality.
Computer scan uncovers 100,000 new viruses
Authors: Pennisi Elizabeth
Published: February 2022

Clues to future outbreaks may be hidden in existing genomic databases
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Antimicrobial Compound-Producing Strains of
Bacillus
Species, TM-R and SY1-1
Authors: Ryuda Noriko , Someya Takashi , Nagano Yukio
Published: February 2022

Two antimicrobial compound-producing strains of
Bacillus
species, namely, TM-R and SY1-1, have been identified previously. In this study, we report the draft genome sequences of these strains and demonstrate the presence of 12 and 14 gene clusters for secondary metabolite biosynthesis in TM-R and SY1-1, respectively.
Draft Hybrid Genome Assembly of a Canadian Cyclospora cayetanensis Isolate
Authors: Yanta Christine A. , Pollo Stephen M. J. , Barta John R. , Reiling Sarah J. , Wasmuth James D. , Dixon Brent R. , Guy Rebecca A.
Published: February 2022

The apicomplexan parasite
Cyclospora cayetanensis
causes foodborne gastrointestinal disease in humans. Here, we report the first hybrid assembly for
C. cayetanensis
, which uses both Illumina MiSeq and Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION platforms to generate genomic sequence data. The final genome assembly consists of 44,586,677 bases represented in 313 contigs.
Coding-Complete Genome Sequences of a Delta Subvariant (AY.33) of SARS-CoV-2 Obtained from Moroccan COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Hemlali Mouhssine , Chouati Taha , Ghammaz Hamza , Melloul Marouane , Alaoui Amine Sanaâ , Rhoulam Safaa , Touil Nadia , Ennibi Khalid , Oumzil Hicham , Mohamed Rhajaoui , Hassan Aguenaou , El Fahime Elmostafa
Published: February 2022

We report here the complete genome sequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains obtained from Moroccan patients with COVID-19. The analysis of these sequences indicates that the identified strains belong to the AY.33 sublineage of the Delta variant.
Metagenomic Survey of Tomato Rhizosphere Microbiome Using the Shotgun Approach
Authors: Babalola Olubukola Oluranti , Adedayo Afeez Adesina , Fadiji Ayomide Emmanuel
Published: February 2022

Food sustainability, e.g., fruit and vegetables, is a major agricultural problem that requires monitoring. Rhizosphere microbiomes’ abundance and functionality are essential in promoting tomato plants’ growth and health. We selected farms in South Africa’s North West Province and present the metagenomes of their tomato rhizospheres and associated functional potentials.
Identification of the First SARS-CoV-2 Lineage B.1.1.529 Virus Detected in Europe
Authors: Vanmechelen Bert , Logist Anne-Sophie , Wawina-Bokalanga Tony , Verlinden Jens , Martí-Carreras Joan , Geenen Caspar , Slechten Bram , Cuypers Lize , André Emmanuel , Baele Guy , Maes Piet
Published: February 2022

We report the complete genome sequence of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant (lineage B.1.1.529) from a Belgian patient with a history of recent travel to Egypt. At the time of writing, this genome constituted the first confirmed case of an infection with the Omicron variant in Europe.
Linkages between nitrogen cycling, nitrogen isotopes, and environmental properties in paleo-lake basins
Authors: Xia Liuwen , Cao Jian , Stüeken Eva E. , Hu Wenxuan , Zhi Dongming
Published: February 2022

The linkages between nitrogen cycling, nitrogen isotopes, and environmental properties are fundamental for reconstructing nitrogen biogeochemistry. While the impact of ocean redox changes on nitrogen isotopes is relatively well understood, it is poorly known how nitrogen responds to changes in pH and salinity. To fill the knowledge gap, we explore the effects of these environmental parameters using a well-controlled set of samples from Carboniferous–Paleogene lake sediments in China. Our results show that the threshold of 10–12‰ in δ15N works to distinguish alkaline (pH > 9) from circum-neutral conditions. Elevated Mo levels in the alkaline samples support the idea of NH3 volatilization from a reducing water column in an alkaline setting. For non-alkaline lakes, δ15N values tend to be higher (up to +10‰) in more saline, anoxic settings, which is attributed to either the expansion of stagnant anoxic waters spurring water-column denitrification or a shift from plant-based toward more microbially dominated ecosystems or both. Our results imply that salinity-induced redox stratification and basicity can alter nitrogen biogeochemical cycling beyond what is shown by the marine nitrogen isotope record alone. This finding will result in an improved understanding of the dynamic controls of δ15N in sediments and lead to better biogeochemical interpretations of paleo-environmental conditions from unknown environmental settings on Earth and beyond Earth.
Eocene dike orientations across the Washington Cascades in response to a major strike-slip faulting episode and ridge-trench interaction
Authors: Miller Robert B. , Bryant Kathleen I. , Doran Brigid , Eddy Michael P. , Raviola Franco P. , Sylva Nicholas , Umhoefer Paul J.
Published: February 2022

The northern Cascade Mountains in Washington (USA) preserve an exceptional shallow to mid-crustal record of Eocene transtension marked by dextral strike-slip faulting, intrusion of dike swarms and plutons, rapid non-marine sedimentation, and ductile flow and rapid cooling in parts of the North Cascades crystalline core. Transtension occurred during ridge-trench interaction with the formation of a slab window, and slab rollback and break-off occurred shortly after collision of the Siletzia oceanic plateau at ca. 50 Ma. Dike swarms intruded a ≥1250 km2 region between ca. 49.3 Ma and 44.9 Ma, and orientations of more than 1500 measured dikes coupled with geochronologic data provide important snapshots of the regional strain field. The mafic Teanaway dikes are the southernmost and most voluminous of the swarms. They strike NE (mean = 036°) and average ~15 m in thickness. To the north, rhyolitic to basaltic dikes overlap spatially with 49.3–46.5 Ma, mainly granodioritic plutons, but they typically predate the nearby plutons by ca. 500 k.y. The average orientations of five of the six dike domains range from 010° to 058°; W-NW–to NW–striking dikes characterize one domain and are found in lesser amounts in a few other domains. Overall, the mean strike for all Eocene dikes is 035°, and the average extension direction (305°–125°) is oblique to the strike (~320°) of the North Cascades orogen. Extension by diking reached ~45% in one >7-km-long transect through the Teanaway swarm and ranged from ~5% to locally ~79% in shorter transects across other swarms, which corresponds to a minimum of ~12 km of extension.

The dominant NE-striking dikes are compatible with the dextral motion on the N- to NW-striking (~355–320°) regional strike-slip faults. Some of the W–NW- to NW-striking dikes were arguably influenced by pre-existing faults, shear fractures, and foliations, and potentially in one swarm where both NE- and lesser W-NW–striking dikes are present, by a switch in principal stress axes induced by dike emplacement. Alternatively, the W-NW–to NW-striking dikes may reflect a younger regional strain field, as ca. 49.3–47.5 Ma U-Pb zircon ages of the NE-striking dikes are older than those of the few dated W-NW–to NW-trending dikes. In one scenario, NE-striking dikes intruded during an interval when strain mainly reflected dextral strike-slip faulting, and the younger dikes record a switch to more arc-normal extension. Diking ended as magmatism migrated into a N-S–trending belt west of the North Cascades core that marks the initiation of the ancestral Cascade arc.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome precipitated by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in undiagnosedPneumocystis jiroveciipneumonia
Authors: Doig Christopher , Cooke Rachel , Chua Chyn , Leung Teresa
Published: February 2022

We present the case of a 62-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis who developed a leukaemoid reaction and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration that had been given to treat neutropenia secondary to methotrexate and leflunomide toxicity. Later it was established that he hadPneumocystis jiroveciipneumonia, which was treated to complete resolution with a course of corticosteroids and antibiotics. This case highlights the potential risk of G-CSF administration in an immune compromised individual in the midst of bone marrow recovery in the context of active infection. Recognition of immune escape syndromes is vital and requires an understanding of potential triggers and risk factors.