bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnitude of Podoconiosis and Its Associated Factors among an Adult Population in Waghmra Zone, Ethiopia: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Getie Addisu , Atamenta Tegene , Nigatu Ribka , Abera Aklilu , Girma Mingizem
Published: August 2020

Background. Podoconiosis is one of the neglected tropical diseases, and it is a nonfilarial elephantiasis caused by prolonged barefoot exposure to irritant soil. This is manifested by slowly progressive swelling of the foot and lower leg which may lead to an irreversible disability among affected people. Podoconiosis is an entirely noncommunicable preventable disease with a low‐cost preventive mechanism. This study is aimed at assessing the magnitude and factor affecting Podoconiosis in Waghmra zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2019. Methods. A community‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted among 808 household members. A multistage sampling method was used to select study participants. A pretested semistructured questionnaire, observation, and clinical screening were used to collect data. The data were entered using EpiData version 4.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 24.0. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with Podoconiosis. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was computed to determine the level of significance; in multivariable analysis, variables with a P value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Result. According this study’s results, 4.3% of study participants were affected by Podoconiosis. A family number of four and above [AOR = 3.29, 95% CI (1.013‐10.661)], family income of less than 500 ETB [AOR = 3.69, 95% CI (1.271‐10.727)], distance from a health facility greater than 3 km [AOR = 6.69, 95% CI (1.610‐27.863)], no shoe wearing habits [AOR = 5.02, 95% CI (1.969‐12.778)], age at first wearing of shoes at 10 and above [AOR = 4.46, 95% CI (1.792‐11.102)], and no feet washing habits [AOR = 3.87, 95% CI (1.516‐9.883)] are significant factors of Podoconiosis. Conclusion. Creating awareness about the importance of shoe wearing, feet hygiene, and building infrastructure such as a road, health facility, and water supply were essential preventive strategies. Training about early diagnosis and effective management of lymphedema, giving emphasis on hygiene education and sanitation program, and reporting any suspected Podoconiosis case as early as possible are some of the recommendations forwarded.
Distinct Dispersion of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn in Farmland Soils near Abandoned Mine Tailings: Field Observation Results in South Korea
Authors: Yun Sung-Wook , Kang Dong-Hyeon , Ji Won-Hyun , Jung Mun-Ho , Yu Chan
Published: August 2020

We investigated the characteristics of metal(loid) transport and dispersion in agricultural soils near an abandoned metal mine. Topsoil samples were collected from 162 sampling sites in the study area, including 1 in the mine tailing dumps, to analyze the total concentrations of As, Pb, Cd, and Zn. Subsequently, the metal(loid) transport and dispersion characteristics were investigated using geographic information system (GIS) technology. The results of this study clearly demonstrated the variation in the dispersal of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn from the mine tailing dumps to nearby agricultural soils and the element-specific spatial variability in their respective transport and dispersion characteristics. These findings suggested that compared with the migration behavior of Cd, Pb, and Zn, that of As has a farther-reaching impact on agricultural soils owing to its geochemical cycling in the soil and groundwater environment. This impact differed significantly in magnitude from that of the other investigated metals. Therefore, special consideration must be given to the migration behavior of As.
Introducing Vigilant Audiences
Authors: Trottier Daniel , Gabdulhakov Rashid , Huang Qian
Published: August 2020

The opening chapter introduces vigilant audiences as a topic of scholarly inquiry, and outlines the broader themes that are addressed in this volume. After contrasting recent events that highlight scholarly and societal concerns with mediated denunciation, it considers an overview of relevant literature that highlight some key definitional matters. It then explores the tension between global media repertoires with local political and cultural contexts, using the mediated scrutiny of luxury vehicles as an exemplary case. This background provides context for the four thematic sections that structure the following chapters. Finally, we highlight some ethical considerations that have practical bearing on our research.
‘For the Greater Good?’ Vigilantism in Online Pop Culture Fandoms
Authors: Driessen Simone
Published: August 2020

This chapter explores how combining fan- and surveillance studies offers tools to examine vigilant, sometimes toxic practices that fans engage in. It does so by examining different practices of how fandoms hijacked narratives surrounding the Harry Potter-spin off series Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016–current). Drawing on content analyses of online materials about the franchise and the different controversies it instigated, this study reveals four different practices of how fans hijacked the narratives surrounding the franchise: First, it is highlighted how fans denounced the involvement of actor Johnny Depp and campaigned to get him removed from the franchise. Second, the fandom called out producer David Yates and author J. K. Rowling for not taking a stand against Depp’s involvement. Third, following Rowling’s lack of countering Depp’s inclusion, fans continued to hijack the franchise narrative by shaming the author. Fourth, this chapter exposes how these escalated situations surrounding the franchise also challenged the norms and values of the fandom. The chapter explores how digital vigilantism is empirically present in the fandom, by mapping the different online practices fans engaged in to hijack the narratives surrounding their favourite franchise – through applying an innovative, interdisciplinary lens, and surveillance studies. By critically examining fans’ practices on a micro-level, this chapter might offer a point of departure or inspiration to also understand these challenges on a macro- or societal level.
Far-Right Digital Vigilantism as Technical Mediation
Authors: Tanner Samuel , Crosset Valentine , Campana Aurélie
Published: August 2020

The present chapter analyses how far right activists, digital media platforms and audience interplay in the production and diffusion of anti-immigration activism through an Actor Network Theory approach (ANT). It considers societal vigilantism as a technical mediation and, following the ANT central notion of translation, examines the co-influence between humans and technical artefacts. We focus on one case study of a YouTube livestream of an influential figure of anti-immigration societal vigilantism, Lauren Southern, in what was referred to as the French Alps mission, in April 2018. That mission brought together anti-immigration activists, under the banner of Génération Identitaire, who organised a blockade to prevent migrants from crossing the border between Italy and France. Based on a microanalysis digital ethnography of a livestream video posted on her YouTube channel, on which Southern is live-documenting both her actions and those of her co-militants, as well as giving her perspective on the role of digital media and the actions she is involved with, we come to two main results. First, we show that YouTube supplies symbolic and emotional content to individuals who reject mainstream media for all sorts of reasons, but which criterion of assessment rests on emotion, beliefs and wishes rather than on a thorough fact-checking process (as traditionally executed by mainstream media). Secondly, our chapter contributes to the current debates about post-truth. It demonstrates how truth is not only resting on emotions and beliefs – rather than facts – but also on infrastructure that blends as series of human actions, such as sharing, clicking, and commenting, with non-human actants like algorithms and collaborative filtering, whose materiality and performativity affects the economy of information. The assemblage altogether contributes to turning “fake news” and harmful discourse into political canons whose availability is augmenting, thus bringing the risk of matching a growing number of “interpretative communities”.
Empowerment, Social Distrust or Co-production of Security
Authors: Chalfaouat Abderrahim
Published: August 2020

The tectonic impact of the Internet has sparked its own social changes in Morocco. Broadly, the state gains geopolitical and economic profit while society generates communicative and socio-cultural benefit from the Internet. For society, online communication challenges the soaring levels of illiteracy, and combines with street mobilization to forge law changes or foreground cultural demands. A key social change is the increasing vigilantism against abhorrent conduct, which common citizens record, share and denounce online. This chapter explores the extent to which vigilantism co-produces security in Morocco. It locates social change within the theory of empowerment, since Moroccan vigilantes’ sense of defiance and cyber social control depends on rampant connectivity and the Arab Spring atmosphere. Relying on a limited case study, the chapter qualitatively analyses an event of classroom violence. It highlights its diverse facets and mediatised meanings, especially the ways national, local and administrative stakeholders, and family members interact with the impact of its viral circulation. The main finding is that networkedness empowers the Moroccan society to gradually sustain security and demonstrate distrust. Instead of mob justice, however, vigilantes forge a cultural pattern of recording misconduct, uploading content, creating online uproar and bringing wrongdoers to justice. Yet, the culture of impunity mars the public effort and reduces its expected social influence.
‘Make them famous’
Authors: Milbrandt Tara
Published: August 2020

This chapter explores the socio-moral complexities of digital vigilantism through an interpretive sociological case-study of a social media campaign aimed at publicly identifying participants who were filmed and photographed during the widely publicised and violent white supremacist rally that transpired in the streets of Charlottesville, USA in August 2017. It highlights the constellation of circumstances that empowered this high-profile and controversial social media campaign to identify and expose rally participants, far and wide. It formulates the creative, rhetorical, and moral dimensions of this campaign through textual and visual analysis of the digital call-to-action and responses to it. It emphasizes the simultaneously emboldening and dis-empowering possibilities of visual documentation in a digital media-infused public culture, where expressive conduct undertaken in one setting and time may come back to haunt actors later, elsewhere, and before unanticipated audiences. To understand the social significance of digital vigilantism within today’s digital media-infused landscape as revealed through this case, the reader is asked to consider what would have been different about Charlottesville 2017 without the social media campaign aimed at identifying and outing participants before a broader public? I argue that this coordinated digital media campaign helped to crystallise a broadly felt and united refusal of the terrain that was being sought by organisers, participants, and supporters of the Charlottesville rallies, namely, to legitimate the articulation of violent white supremacy in contemporary American public life as but one kind of “expression” amongst others. Utilizing the tools of digital media, it worked to deny the possibility for participants – present and future – to attend a rally associated with such legitimation anonymously, and thus without risk or consequence to their future selves. In doing so it helped to constitute opposition to what the rally represented on deeply socio-moral grounds, irreducible to legalistic definitions of protected forms of speech and assembly.
Worlding Permaculture School Gardens: Translocal Connectivities and Minor Utopias in Timor Leste
Authors: Stodulka Thomas
Published: August 2020

In times of accelerated globalization, with the overheated circulation of lifestyle desires and future imaginaries of the good life, children’s education has become a site of contested governmental, activist, and entrepreneurial assemblages that connect translocal actors and communities. The literature on transnational education has demonstrated that knowledge circulation prompts the production of “mobile worlds”—the movement of bodies, ideas, and finances. This article extends this well-established body of research and focuses on the connectivities of “minor utopias” emerging from within and across borders. It builds on past ethnographic work in Indonesia as a route into a discussion of recent observations of the emerging national permaculture curriculum pertaining to primary school education in Timor Leste. To theorize the relations and processes that connect translocal actors and communities, I draw on the concept of “worlding”—the continual process of emplacing translocal ideas and assemblages.
Mobile Refugee: Rohingya Refugees’ Practices of Imaginary Citizenship in Klang Valley, Malaysia
Authors: Nursyazwani
Published: August 2020

In this age of border securitization, mobility has largely been discussed as a privilege accorded to citizens. The assumption is that refugees or undocumented persons are usually denied such mobility. The management and surveillance of refugees through documentation processes by both the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the host country further obstruct their freedom. However, in Malaysia, urban and mobile Rohingya refugees disrupt the linkage between citizenship and mobilities. In fact, being conferred refugee status in Malaysia has made Rohingyas relatively more mobile than they had been previously in Myanmar or Bangladesh’s refugee camps. Drawing from fieldwork in Klang Valley from 2017 to 2019, I propose the concept of “mobile refugee” to rethink mobility and citizenship. I argue that Rohingya refugees practice “imaginary citizenship” as a form of political participation to claim their rights with the aid of the UN refugee card. This article highlights the need to reinterpret mobility by situating it in the dynamics of citizenship practices of refugees and their engagement with documents as they seek to imagine and invent their future aspirations of becoming political subjects.
When Agile Harms Learning and Innovation: (and What Can Be Done About It)
Authors: Annosi Maria Carmela , Foss Nicolai , Martini Antonella
Published: August 2020

Originally developed for software development, Agile approaches are increasingly adopted by organizations that seek flexibility in the face of rapid change. However, little attention has been paid to the potential negative consequences of the implementation of Agile in large-scale settings. This article presents the results of a multi-site study of a multinational telecom company over five years during its implementation of Agile practices in the context of large-scale software development. The article points to six potential pitfalls of implementing such practices that may negatively influence individual learning, ideation, and exploitation capabilities. It offers advice on how to avoid these consequences in large, established firms.
The Reliability of Individual Differences in VOT Imitation
Authors: Wade Lacey , Lai Wei , Tamminga Meredith
Published: August 2020

Recent work has shown that individuals vary in phonetic behaviors in ways that deviate from group norms and are not attributable to sociolinguistically relevant dimensions such as gender or social class. However, it is unknown whether these individual differences observed in the lab are stable characteristics of individuals or whether they simply reflect noise or sporadic fluctuations. This study investigates the individual-level stability in imitation of a model talker’s artificially-lengthened VOT. We use a test–retest design in which the same set of participants perform the same lexical shadowing task on two separate occasions and find that degree of convergence or divergence is highly correlated on an individual basis across visits. Further, we find a strong correlation between individual VOT shifts toward a male model talker and shifts toward a female model talker. Findings contribute to a growing body of literature suggesting that averaging over groups of participants masks the complexity of phonetic behaviors, such as imitation, and suggest that individual differences in phonetic behavior are an area of promising future study.
Abolitionist Teaching in an Urban District: A Literacy Coup
Authors: Hoffman Julie Wasmund , Martin Jennifer L.
Published: August 2020

This article presents a preliminary study of an urban school district, and its use of a scripted middle-school language arts and literacy curriculum. The majority of students served by this district are African American. By interviewing a small sample of four teachers and one literacy coach, gathering preliminary data, and observing students within language arts classrooms, we analyze the impact of the district’s move to non-skill-based Reading and Writing Workshop Models curricula. This curriculum is neither aligned with the Common Core Standards, nor does it allow for teacher autonomy based upon student need. District mandates direct teachers to “follow the script” of a curriculum that was not intended to have a script—in effect, the students have less guidance than the teachers within this scenario. In this article, we highlight specific literacy practices, policies that disempower teachers and students, and strategies for abolitionist resistance within urban schools.
Facing human interconnections: thinking International Relations into the future
Authors: Efstathopoulos Charalampos , Kurki Milja , Shepherd Alistair
Published: August 2020

Communities on the planet are faced with complex challenges: changing relations within and between human communities, changing relations with ecological and climatic conditions, and shifts in technology-human interconnections. The complex interconnections across issue areas – migration, environmental degradation and new technologies, for example – demand that scholars increasingly think across theories, paradigms, specialisms and disciplines. But how should we ‘hold things together’ as we try to make sense of complex realities in International Relations (IR)? This introductory article to the Special Issue ‘Facing human interconnections: thinking International Relations into the future’ discusses the open thematic of ‘human interconnections’ that is used to loosely structure the contributions. Analysis of human interconnections, as understood here, does not have a precise or fixed definition but is considered an open-ended notion with varied meanings and dimensions. Indeed, the authors engage it here in varied ways to explore their empirical, theoretical and political concerns. Yet, this notion also allows for interesting new questions to be posed on the potential and limits of IR as it faces the future, and debates around how we see interconnections between issue areas and ‘-isms’, how IR constructs ‘humans’ or ‘non-humans’ in interconnections, and what is at stake in bringing to our attention unacknowledged interconnections. Here we set out why human interconnection is an interesting notion to work with and why we need to keep its meaning open-ended. We also provide an account of six different orientations we observe amongst the authors tackling the dynamics of human interconnections in this Special Issue.
The temporal dynamics of deictic communication
Authors: Todisco Emanuela , Guijarro-Fuentes Pedro , Collier Jacqueline , Coventry Kenny R.
Published: August 2020

Deixis – a fundamental part of communication – involves combinations of speech, gesture and eye-gaze, yet little is known about the temporal dynamics of this coordination. The authors analysed eye-gaze, pointing gestures and verbal productions in 514 deictic episodes during triadic, semi-naturalistic, book-reading sessions performed by Italian children (1;08–2;07) and their caregivers. Results show three new findings. First, deictic communication is overwhelmingly preceded and accompanied by shared attention (of consistent duration) on an object, and only sometimes by disjoint attention. Second, children are synchronously multimodal (conveying information via speech, pointing gesture and eye-gaze) in their deictic communications. Third, the form of deictic communication used is not related to the complexity of the linguistic structures of the sample. Deictic communication is remarkably consistent in children ranging from approximately 1;08 to 2;07 years of age.
Individual differences in narrative production in late childhood: Associations with age and fiction reading experience
Authors: Hamilton Lorna G. , O’Halloran Isabelle , Cutting Nicola
Published: August 2020

Narrative production draws upon linguistic, cognitive and pragmatic skills, and is subject to substantial individual differences. This study aimed to characterise the development of narrative production in late childhood and to assess whether children’s cumulative experience of reading fiction is associated with individual differences in narrative language skills. One-hundred-and-twenty-five 9- to 12-year-old children told a story from a wordless picture book, and their narratives were coded for syntactic, semantic and discourse-pragmatic features. The grammatical complexity and propositional content of children’s narratives increased with age between 9 and 12 years, while narrative cohesion, coherence and use of mental state terms were stable across the age range. Measures of fiction reading experience were positively correlated with several indices of narrative production quality and predicted unique variance in narrative macrostructure after controlling for individual differences in vocabulary knowledge, word reading accuracy and theory of mind. These findings are discussed in terms of the continued importance of ‘book language’ as part of the language input beyond early childhood.
Rethinking participatory video in the times of YouTube
Authors: Montero Sánchez David
Published: August 2020

Participatory video emerged in the late 1960s with a view to harnessing video technology in order to promote community building and develop critical awareness. It involves a wide range of practices that revolve around non-professionals collaborating in the task of making a facilitated, collective video in the topic of their choice. Consensual decision-making and iterative cycles of filmmaking alongside reflection and analysis represent milestones of traditional PV practice. Over the last 50 years, PV has fostered a heterogeneous community of practice that includes NGOs, scholars, and a number of social transformation collectives in the field of communication for development. This article examines the ways in which the PV community of practice has negotiated the emergence and hegemony of digital video-making, video equipped smartphones, and online video platforms. Methodologically, the text departs from an extended survey among experienced practitioners and focuses on case-studies involving perceived key actors within the PV community in relation to digital culture. The article also critically discusses the role of YouTube as the epitome of contemporary, digital participatory cultures. The overarching hypothesis that pervades this research foregrounds the concern that digital technology might actually be contributing to the transformation of participatory cultures into merely expressive exercises.
Counterpoint in the music classroom: Creating an environment of resilience with peer mentoring and LGBTQIA+ students
Authors: Goodrich Andrew
Published: August 2020

LGBTQIA+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual) students face significant challenges that include peer harassment and health risks surpassing those of students who do not identify as being gay. Learning environments that include peer mentoring promote resilience and help LGBTQIA+ students gain a sense of well-being. Researchers in music education have recently begun to explore the various complexities that exist in the recognition of sexual orientation in the music classroom, yet research on how peer mentoring assists LGBTQIA+ students with resilience is noticeably absent. Drawing upon available educational research, the social-ecological framework of resilience served as the theoretical framework with how teachers can work with LGBTQIA+ students to become resilient through the process of peer mentoring. Five themes surfaced while conducting this review: the necessity of (a) setting the foundation for peer mentoring, (b) creating safe spaces, (c) encouraging socialization, (d) establishing leadership and identity, and (e) acknowledging intersectionality. Peer mentoring contributes to student well-being and positive sexual identity for LGBTQIA+ students. Salient concepts found in the literature can aid LGBTQIA+ students in the music classroom and inform future research in music education by portraying ways music teachers can use peer mentoring to create an environment of resilience for LGBTQIA+ students.
Palliative care transitions from acute care to community-based care: A qualitative systematic review of the experiences and perspectives of health care providers
Authors: Killackey Tieghan , Lovrics Emily , Saunders Stephanie , Isenberg Sarina R.
Published: August 2020

Background:

Transitioning from the hospital to community is a vulnerable point in patients’ care trajectory, yet little is known about this experience within the context of palliative care. While some studies have examined the patient and caregiver experience, no study to date has synthesized the literature on the healthcare provider’s perspective on their role and experience facilitating these transitions.

Aim:

The purpose of this systematic review was to understand the experience and perspective of healthcare providers who support the transition of patients receiving palliative care as they move from acute care to community settings.

Design:

A qualitative systematic review of studies using thematic analysis as outlined by Thomas and Harden. PROSPERO: ID # CRD42018109662.

Data Sources:

We searched four databases: MEDLINE, Embase, ProQuest and CINAHL for studies published in English from 1995 until May 22, 2020. Four reviewers screened records using the following selection criteria: (1) peer-reviewed empirical study, (2) adult sample, (3) qualitative study design, (4) perspective of healthcare providers, and (5) included a component of transitions between acute to community-based palliative care. Study findings were analyzed using thematic analysis which entailed: (1) grouping the findings into recurring themes; (2) iteratively referring back to the articles to obtain nuances of the theme and quotations; and (3) defining and solidifying the themes.

Results:

Overall 1,791 studies were identified and 15 met inclusion criteria. Studies were published recently (>2015, n = 12, 80%) and used a range of qualitative methods including semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and field interviews. Three core themes related to the role and experience of healthcare providers were identified: (1) assessing and preparing for transition; (2) organizing and facilitating the logistics of transition; and (3) coordinating and collaborating transitional care across sectors. The majority of studies focused on the discharge process from acute care; there was a lack of studies exploring the experiences of healthcare providers in the community who receive patients from acute care and provide them with palliative care at home.

Conclusion:

This review identified studies from a range of relatively high-income countries that included a diverse sample of healthcare providers. The results indicate that healthcare providers experience multiple complex roles during the transition facilitation process, and future research should examine how to better assist clinicians in supporting these transitions within the context of palliative care provision.
Persistent socioeconomic inequalities in location of death and receipt of palliative care: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Mondor Luke , Wodchis Walter P , Tanuseputro Peter
Published: August 2020

Background:

Providing equitable care to patients in need across the life course is a priority for many healthcare systems.

Aim:

To estimate socioeconomic inequality trends in the proportions of decedents that died in the community and that received palliative care within 30 days of death (including home visits and specialist/generalist physician encounters).

Design:

Cohort study based on health administrative data. Socioeconomic position was measured by area-level material deprivation. Inequality gaps were quantified annually and longitudinally using the slope index of inequality (absolute gap) and relative index of inequality (relative gap).

Setting/Participants:

A total of 729,290 decedents aged ⩾18 years in Ontario, Canada from 2009 to 2016.

Results:

In 2016, the modelled absolute gap (corresponding 95% confidence interval) between the most- and least-deprived neighbourhoods in community deaths was 4.0% (2.9–5.1%), which was 8.6% (6.2–10.9%) of the overall mean (46.6%). Relative to 2009, these inequalities declined modestly. Inequalities in 2016 were evident for palliative home visits (6.8% (5.8–7.8%) absolute gap, 26.3% (22.5–30.0%) relative gap) and for physician encounters (6.8% (5.7–7.9%) absolute gap, 13.2% (11.0–15.3%) relative gap), and widened from 2009 for physician encounters only on the absolute scale. Inequalities varied considerably across disease trajectories (organ failure, terminal illness, frailty, and sudden death).

Conclusion:

Key measures of end-of-life care are not achieved equally across socioeconomic groups. These data can be used to inform policy strategies to improve delivery of palliative and end-of-life services.
Attractive Flu Shot: A Behavioral Approach to Increasing Influenza Vaccination Uptake Rates
Authors: Maltz Amnon , Sarid Adi
Published: August 2020

Background. We suggest and examine a behavioral approach to increasing seasonal influenza vaccine uptake. Our idea combines behavioral effects generated by a dominated option, together with more traditional tools, such as providing information and recommendations. Methods. Making use of the seasonal nature of the flu, our treatments present participants with 2 options to receive the shot: early in the season, which is recommended and hence “attractive,” or later. Three additional layers are examined: 1) mentioning that the vaccine is more likely to run out of stock late in the season, 2) the early shot is free while the late one costs a fee, and 3) the early shot carries a monetary benefit. We compare vaccination intentions in these treatments to those of a control group who were invited to receive the shot regardless of timing. Results. Using a sample of the Israeli adult population ( n = 3271), we found positive effects of all treatments on vaccination intentions, and these effects were significant for 3 of the 4 treatments. In addition, the vast majority of those who are willing to vaccinate intend to get the early shot. Conclusions. Introducing 2 options to get vaccinated against influenza (early or late) positively affects intentions to receive the flu shot. In addition, this approach nudges participants to take the shot in early winter, a timing that has been shown to be more cost-effective.
Global Academic Interest Scale for Undergraduate and Graduate Students
Authors: Lee Jihyun , Durksen Tracy L.
Published: August 2020

Using an established global academic interest scale, academic interest dimensions of undergraduate ( n = 326) and graduate ( n = 401) students were compared. The four-factor structure, consisting of passion for learning, confidence in the future, career aspiration, and self-expression, held for both student groups. However, the item scores and mean factor scores as well as the pattern of factor correlations differed between the two groups. While the sample of graduate students exhibited greater levels of passion for learning, the undergraduate students showed higher levels of confidence in the future. Overall, a broad range of correlates of academic interest employed in this study provided construct validity evidence of academic interest, supporting the main tenants of the motivational theory of life-span development. Limitations and directions for future work are discussed.
The Cycle of Verbal Violence Among Nurse Colleagues in South Korea
Authors: Park Su-Hyun , Choi Eun-Hi
Published: August 2020

In Korea, suicide by nurses due to workplace verbal violence has become a serious social controversy. This study used a descriptive survey to identify factors influencing nurses’ experiences with being either victims or perpetrators of verbal violence among colleagues. Participants were 205 nurses working at large-scale general hospitals in D city in August 2019. Data were collected through standardized questionnaires on experiences of verbal violence, committing acts of verbal violence, demographic characteristics, and job stress. For experiences of verbal violence, statistically significant differences were observed in age, gender, and nightshift work. Committing acts of verbal violence showed statistically significant differences in age, gender, entire career experience, career experience in one’s present division, and nightshift work. A significant correlation was found between experiences of verbal violence, committing acts of verbal violence, and job stress. Gender and nightshift work influenced experiences of verbal violence in Model 1, while gender, nightshift work, and relationship conflicts were extracted in Model 2. In Model 3, career experience and committing acts of verbal violence were found to be significant. For committing acts of verbal violence, gender, nightshift work, and career experience were extracted in Model 1; gender, nightshift work, and relationship conflict were extracted in Model 2; and nightshift work, career experience, and experiences of verbal violence were significant in Model 3. Regarding verbal violence among nurses, a vicious cycle caused by job stress exists, in which newly hired nurses are often victims of verbal violence; however, as they gain career experience, they become the perpetrators. Therefore, to reduce nurses’ job stress, it is necessary to operate job stress-control programs by career level, promote conversations among nurses to increase understanding of each other, and build a culture of mutual respect.
“We Offer Nuffle a Sausage Sacrifice on Game Day”. Blood Bowl Players’ World-building Rituals through the Lens of Theory of Sociocultual Viability
Authors: Singleton Benedict E.
Published: August 2020

This article explores the world-building activities of players of the tabletop game Blood Bowl—a game that parodies American Football within a fantasy setting. It utilizes a ritual framework to focus on players’ activities relating to the considerable amount of luck inherent to the game. Based on fieldwork and survey data, it interprets players’ rituals and other actions as an effort to enact a particular social space, a “magic circle,” where enjoyable risk-taking and “edgework” take place. This social space is then analyzed within the Mary Douglas-derived theory of sociocultural viability (cultural theory). Using the theory’s typology, Blood Bowl tournaments can be characterized as individualist–hierarchy hybrid institutions. The article contributes by offering cultural theory as a tool for analyzing and comparing risk-taking behavior in diverse social contexts. The worlds built through Blood Bowl play are both analyzable and comparable with those integral to other social institutions, with cultural theory’s social solidarities ubiquitous. The article thus innovates by linking literatures on leisure and gaming with broader social theory.
Hospital Disparities between Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders and Non-Hispanic Whites with Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias
Authors: Hermosura Andrea H. , Noonan Carolyn J. , Fyfe-Johnson Amber L. , Seto Todd B. , Kaholokula Joseph K. , MacLehose Richard F.
Published: August 2020

Objective: To compare important indicators of quality of care between Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders (NHOPIs) and non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Methods: We used the Health Care Cost and Utilization Project, Hawaii State Inpatient Databases, 2010–2014. They included 10,645 inpatient encounters from 7,145 NHOPI or NHW patients age ≥ 50 years, residing in Hawaii, and with at least one ADRD diagnosis in the discharge record. Outcome variables were inpatient mortality, length of hospital stay, and hospital readmission. Results: NHOPIs with ADRD had, on average, a hospital stay of .94 days less than NHWs with ADRD but were 1.16 times more likely than NHWs to be readmitted. Discussion: These patterns have important clinical care implications for NHOPIs and NHWs with ADRD as they are important indicators of quality of care. Future studies should consider specific contributors to these differences in order to develop appropriate interventions.
Parent–Child Relationships and Aging Parents’ Sleep Quality: A Comparison of One-Child and Multiple-Children Families in China
Authors: Wang Haowei , Kim Kyungmin , Burr Jeffrey A. , Wu Bei
Published: August 2020

Objectives: This study examined the associations between parent–child relationships and sleep difficulty among older parents in the context of Chinese multiple-children and one-child families. Methods: Using the 2014 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey, this study analyzed older parents’ ( N = 8,450) reports of sleep quality and relationships with each of children. Results: Results from multivariate logistic regression models showed that living alone, greater variations in children’s financial transfers and emotional closeness, and more instrumental support from children were associated with higher risks of sleep difficulty for Chinese older parents with multiple children. The maximum levels of financial transfers and emotional closeness from all children were related to lower risks of sleep difficulty for parents from multiple-children families, while greater instrumental support from children was associated with higher risks of sleep difficulty for parents from one-child families. Discussion: Findings have implications for support programs for Chinese aging population with sleep problems.
Dimensionless quantification of small radial turbine transient performance
Authors: Deng Qiyou , Pennycott Andrew , Zhang Qingning , Avola Calogero , Pohorelsky Ludek , Burke Richard
Published: August 2020

Turbochargers are inherently dynamic devices, comprising internal flow volumes, mechanical inertias and thermal masses. When operating under transient conditions within an engine system, these dynamics need to be better understood. In this paper, a new non-dimensional modelling approach to characterise the turbocharger is proposed. Two new dimensionless quantities are defined with respect to mechanical and thermal transient behaviour, which are used in conjunction with the Strouhal number for flow transients. The modelling approach is applied to a small wastegated turbocharger and validated against experimental results. The model is used to simulate the turbocharger mass flow rate, turbine housing temperature and shaft speed responses to different excitation frequencies for different sizes of turbine. The results highlight the influence of turbocharger size on the dynamic behaviour of the system, which is particularly marked for the turbine housing temperature. At certain frequency ranges, the system behaviour is quasi-steady, allowing modelling through static maps in these operating regions. Outside these ranges, however, transient elements play a more important role. The simulation study shows that the proposed dimensionless parameters can be used to normalise the influence of turbine size on the dynamic response characteristics of the system. The model and corresponding dimensionless parameters can be applied in future simulation studies as well as for turbocharger matching in industry.
New technology and work: Exploring the challenges
Authors: Burgess John , Connell Julia
Published: August 2020

Investigations into new technologies, employment and working conditions are timeless and consequently have occupied research, public policy, and popular fiction for centuries. However, in addition to the uncertainty created by the introduction of new technologies, the current coronavirus pandemic, with its associated impact on health and the economy, has led to increased volatility across the globe. The global medical crisis arising from the worldwide spread of COVID-19 is predicted to lead to a global economic crisis and subsequent deep depression. The resultant economic, social and political repercussions are likely to be felt for years or even decades to come, equalling the great depression of the last century. Consequently, it is difficult to make long-term accurate predictions about the impact of new technologies on industry, society, and labour. In this context, the aim of this introductory article to the themed volume is to consider the potential challenges and opportunities associated with the Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies and potential impacts on work and workplaces. This introductory article comprises an international collection of research that examines the impact of technological change on employment and working conditions with consideration given to the additional impacts of the COVID-19 crisis.

JEL Codes: O14, O33
Effect of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Cytochrome P450 2C19 Genotyping on Clinical Outcomes of Voriconazole: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Joseph , Ng Patrick , Hamandi Bassem , Husain Shahid , Lefebvre Melissa J. , Battistella Marisa
Published: August 2020

Objectives

To examine current knowledge on the clinical utility of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in voriconazole therapy, the impact of CYP2C19 genotype on voriconazole plasma concentrations, and the role of CYP2C19 genotyping in voriconazole therapy.

Data Sources

Three literature searches were conducted for original reports on (1) TDM and voriconazole outcomes and (2) voriconazole and CYP2C19 polymorphisms. Searches were conducted through EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to June 2020.

Study Selection and Data Extraction

Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case series with ≥10 patients were included. Only full-text references in English were eligible.

Data Synthesis

A total of 63 studies were reviewed. TDM was recommended because of established concentration and efficacy/toxicity relationships. Voriconazole trough concentrations ≥1.0 mg/L were associated with treatment success; supratherapeutic concentrations were associated with increased neurotoxicity; and hepatotoxicity associations were more prevalent in Asian populations. CYP2C19 polymorphisms significantly affect voriconazole metabolism, but no relationship with efficacy/safety were found. Genotype-guided dosing with TDM was reported to increase chances of achieving therapeutic range.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice

Genotype-guided dosing with TDM is a potential solution to optimizing voriconazole efficacy while avoiding treatment failures and common toxicities.

Conclusions

Voriconazole plasma concentrations and TDM are treatment outcome predictors, but research is needed to form a consensus target therapeutic range and dosage adjustment guidelines based on plasma concentrations. CYP2C19 polymorphisms are a predictor of voriconazole concentrations and metabolism, but clinical implications are not established. Large-scale, high-methodological-quality trials are required to investigate the role for prospective genotyping and establish CYP2C19-guided voriconazole dosing recommendations.
Measurement of Sit-Stand Desk Usage by Desk-Mounted Sensors
Authors: Viggiani Daniel , Barrett Jeffery M. , Will Eric , Callaghan Jack P.
Published: August 2020

Quantifying user behaviors at sit-stand desks is critical to understanding the efficacy of these workstations to reduce exposures to prolonged sitting or standing. A custom after-market desk-mounted sensor predicting sit-stand desk use by measuring desk floor heights, desk user distances, and the temperature in front of the desk was tested. The authors performed sensor component testing, a survey of desk height ranges, and a logistic model to estimate gross posture and user presence with a 95.6% accuracy rate. This approach can aid researchers and ergonomists in understanding sit-stand desk use in the field, with the end goal of reducing sedentary work activities.
Pandemic Poetry
Authors: Lahman Maria K. E. , De Oliveira Becky , Fan Xiaoping , Hodges James , Moncivais Idilio , Royse Emily
Published: August 2020

Members of a graduate educational ethnography course created pandemic poetry. The instructor was pedagogically stretched in translating what had always been an in-person research poetry creation experience to a virtual setting, but the students responded with powerful poetic renditions. In this article, course members’ poetry is featured, and a brief review of the course materials used and guidance provided to the class, along with a methodological reflection, are offered.
Haunted by the Dark Desire
Authors: Szwabowski Oskar
Published: August 2020

I am haunted. I am haunted by DATA. I need therapy. How is it about you?
Muddy Waters: Critiquing the Historical Criminology Method in the Investigation of the Smiley Face Murders Theory
Authors: Bleakley Paul
Published: August 2020

As an emerging trans-disciplinary field, the operational use of historical criminology is a largely under-studied area. Examination of the use of archival research in studying cases connected to Gannon and Gilbertson’s Smiley Face murders theory indicates that there is clear potential for historical criminology to be used to revisit closed or cold investigations to determine if the official findings of the case are consistent with the evidence. In the case of the Smiley Face murders theory, taking a historical criminology approach has failed to prove the hypothesis of researchers; nevertheless, use of historical research methods has had some success in forcing a re-evaluation of several cases, and should be considered an important tool in future investigations of this nature.
Social Communities in Transitions: Young Danes’ Narratives on the Change and Maintenance of Social Communities
Authors: Bruselius-Jensen Maria , Sørensen Niels Ulrik
Published: August 2020

This article focuses on how the perceptions and functions of social communities in different social arenas change over the course of young people’s transition processes. It considers the perspectives of 12 young Danes at different life stages and based on their narratives about family, educational, and leisure communities, we identify different categories of social communities, which are affected differently by young people’s transition processes. On one axis some communities appear as taken-for-granted routine parts of the young people’s lives, while others appear to be labor and maintenance demanding. On another axis, communities are perceived as either essential and as the backbone of the young people’s lives or as more optional communities, which are nice to have but can be given up and replaced. Finally, we discuss how these findings correspond to the theories of change and continuity in the roles of communities.