bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Mental Disorders in the Accident-Exposed Population of the Southern Urals
Authors: Burtovaia E. , Kantina T. , Litvinchuk E.
Published: November 2020

Purpose: To study late mental and behavioral disorders (ICD-10) in individuals who were accidentally exposed in the Southern Urals.

Material and methods: The research subjects are the persons who were exposed to radiation as a result of dumping of radioactive waste into the Techa River (1949–1956), who were born before 1953 and lived in the Techa River basin between 1950 and 1960. The study group consists of 425 people, women predominate (72.5 %), people with secondary special education make up 44.5 %, and pensioners amount to 89.4 %. Mean age at examination was 67.3 ± 5.3 years. Information on radiation doses included data on the absorbed dose to the stomach, which was considered as an analog of brain exposure (50 ± 3 mGy). The paper uses clinical-anamnestic, clinical-psychopathological, clinical and instrumental methods.

Results: It has been demonstrated that in the long-term period, accidentally exposed individuals have organic nonpsychotic mental disorders (72.2 %), with the predominance of organic asthenic (29.6 %) and organic cognitive (36.5 %) disorders. Among the studied individuals, only 20.9 % showed no signs of mental illness. Higher absorbed doses to the stomach (70 ± 8 mGy, p = 0.01) was determined in patients with organic cognitive disorder. Concomitant somatic pathology is present in patients with organic cognitive disorder — hypertension (90.3 %, p = 0.005), ischemic heart disease (56.7, p = 0.004), chronic brain ischemia (43.2 %, p = 0.04). Patients with organic asthenic disorder may have hypertension (94.4 %, p = 0.0002), ischemic heart disease (51.6 %, p = 0.04), chronic brain ischemia (35.7 %, p = 0.02). In the group of patients without mental pathology, the most common were hypertension (76.4 %), diseases of the musculoskeletal system (61.7 %, p = 0.03), and ischemic heart disease (37.1 %). Multiple correlation analysis showed a weak statistically significant association of organic mental disorders with chronic brain ischemia, hypertension, ischemic heart disease and the age of patients.

Conclusion: The performed study complements the current understanding of long-term mental disorders in exposed individuals, and requires further research to study the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases in individuals exposed to radiation.
Immune Status of a Man Long after Chronic Radiation Exposure
Authors: Akleyev A.
Published: November 2020

Purpose: Assessment of major parameters of the system immunity in 376 Techa riverside residents affected by external γ- and internal (mainly due to 90Sr) irradiation 60–68 years after the onset of exposure.

Material and methods: The study involved 376 residents of the settlements located in the basin of the Techa River which was contaminated due to releases of liquid radioactive waste of Mayak Production Association. Red bone marrow received the largest doses that reached 4457.1 mGy, mean dose value was 1080.8 ± 38.4 mGy. Doses to the thymus and peripheral organs of the immune system in the exposed individuals were much lower; mean dose value was 65.3 ± 4.9 mGy. The study of the systemic immunity included the analysis of the parameters that characterize functional status of adaptive and innate immunity, as well as of the cytokine system.

Results: Pro-inflammatory changes of the cytokines spectrum (decrease of IL-4 in blood serum, increase of TNFα and IFNγ) were observed in exposed people with a background of involution changes.

Conclusion: Persistent reduction in the number of neutrophils in blood against normal levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors in blood serum could be indicative of certain inefficiency of hematopoietic stem cell pool. The most distinct features of immunity in exposed persons concerned the cytokine spectrum which were inflammatory in nature and on the one hand could be involved in the mechanisms of development of long-term effects of radiation and on the other could have a protective effect on the protection of the body from cells carrying sublethal abnormalities.
Neocortex (Frontal and Temporal Lobe) Discirculatory Lesions of the Chernobyl Accident Liquidators at the Remote Period (Based on Diffusion Tensor MRI Data)
Authors: Aleksanin S. , Serebryakova S. , Levashkina I.
Published: November 2020

Purpose: To find the distinctive features of the white matter tracts’ structural changes for Chernobyl accident liquidators with ebcephalopathy at the remote period using DT-MRI methods.

Material and methods: Chernobyl accident liquidators group (41 subjects) and group of control (49 subjects), all subjects with stage II of encephalopathy, mean age of liquidators’ group 68.3 ± 6.9 years, gropup of control — 68.6 ± 5.8 years. All subjects were clinically examined to confirm encephalopathy stage, hypertension, diabetes (and prove patients of both groups have comparable level of damage of those deseases), as well as with routine MRI and DT-MRI protocols. According routine MRI results, all subjects of both groups had high level of discirculatory damages: multifocal lesions of white matter and periventricular leukoaraiosis, mixed replacement hydrocephalus.

Results: Liquidator’s group average fraction anisotropy coefficient (CFA) had shown statistically significant reduction in four frontal and temporal lobe tracts of neocortex if compare with average CFA in the group of control: superior longitudinal fasciculi (р < 0.02); front sections of corona radiata (р < 0.02); anterior horn of internal capsule (р < 0.01), inferior longitudinal fasciculi (р < 0.01).

Conclusion: Frontal and temporal lobe tracts of neocortex, responsible for cognitive processes, are the most sensible to accident liquidation negative factors. Cerebral structure changes, found for group of liquidators, are similar to elder people with encephalopathy, but are clnically more strongly marked, what proves hyoptesis of early aging of liquidators’ brain structures.
Factors Influencing the Health Condition of the Adult Population Residing in the Activity Area of Atomic Industry Enterprise
Authors: Kalinkin D. , Takhauova T. , Karpov A. , Samoilova Yu. , Plaksin M. , Semenova Yu. , Takhauov A. , Kiriakidi E. , Takhauova L.
Published: November 2020

Purpose: Development of the basic directions of a modern strategy for protecting the health of the adult population living in the activity zone of nuclear industry enterprises (using the example of the Seversk population).

Material and methods: The object of the study was the population of the city of Seversk, formed around the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises. The subject of the study was demographic indicators; disability; incidence of malignant neoplasms, diseases of the circulatory system, injuries and accidents); socio-economic, behavioral and technological risk factors affecting the occurrence of major diseases.

Results: It was established that by the end of the study period (1970–2017), the studied population was in a state of natural population decline due to a decrease in the birth rate and an increase in mortality, while the mortality rate exceeded the birth rate.

During the period under review, the primary incidence of malignant neoplasia significantly increased; at the same time, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, as well as the frequency of injuries and poisoning, decreased. Among the adult population of Seversk, behavioral factors (the habit of smoking, regular use of alcohol, a sedentary lifestyle, lack of regular physical activity) are more common than socio-economic (living conditions, financial situation) risk factors. Important risk factors are incorrect assessment by citizens of their own health and the reasons for its violation. Among Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises workers exposed to tekhnogenic risk factor (long-term occupational exposure), there is an increased risk of cancer death of all localizations taken together, respiratory and digestive organs; bones, joints, mesothelium, soft tissues and genitals. At the same time, the risk of oncological mortality during irradiation was not exceeded in the range of small doses of (up to 100 mSv), and for any of the localization of malignant neoplasms this effect is not dose-dependent.

Conclusion: The data obtained made it possible to specify and substantiate the basic directions of the modern strategy for protecting the health of the adult population living in the activity zone of nuclear industry enterprises (using the example of the Seversk population).
Evaluation of Effects of Diagnostic Exposure Using Data from Epidemiological Registry of Ozyorsk Population Exposed to Computed Tomography
Authors: Osipov M. , Fomin E. , Sokolnikov M.
Published: November 2020

Purpose: To assess the contribution of low doses of diagnostic radiation due to computed tomography to carcinogenic risk among population of Ozersk.

Material and methods: The study describes the results of the analysis of data from the radiation-epidemiological register created in the laboratory of radiation epidemiology of the Southern Urals Biophysics Institute of Ozersk. The register contains information on 26,626 CT examinations of Ozersk residents of all age groups, including children under 1 year old, carried out in medical departments of the Chelyabinsk region during the period from 1993 to 2018.

Results: Based on the analyzed medical and dosimetric information from the CT Register database, the chances of malignant neoplasms among patients exposed to diagnostic irradiation during computed tomography were assessed taking into account the presence of the main radiation and non-radiation factors (age, sex, occupational exposure, number of CT examinations, effective dose and DLP).

Conclusion: In a cohort of Ozersk residents who were exposed to low doses of diagnostic radiation during computed tomography, a statistically significant effect of sex and age attained to malignant neoplasm was obtained. Also, a significant relationship was found between the effective dose from diagnostic CT and the likelihood of subsequent cancer development diagnosed no earlier than 2 years after the first CT examination. At the same time, the DLP did not statistically significantly increase the chances of developing a malignant neoplasm in the study cohort for both the population and the personnel of the Mayak PA.
Registry for Chronic Radiation Sickness in a Cohort of Mayak PA Workers Exposed to Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Azizova T. , Bannikova M. , Grigor'eva E. , Zhuntova G. , Moseeva M. , Bragin E.
Published: November 2020

Purpose: To present descriptive characteristics, and structure of the chronic radiation sickness (CRS) registry prospects of its use.

Materials and methods: A registry for CRS diagnosed in workers of the nuclear production facility Mayak Production Association (PA) throughout the follow-up period of 1948–2018 was established within a medical and dosimetry database ‘Clinic’ of the Southern Urals Biophysics Institute.

Results: The CRS registry includes 2068 cases: 1517 (73.4 %) in males and 551 (26.6 %) in females. Almost all workers (97.9 %) with CRS were hired at the Mayak PA in 1948–1954 and chronically externally and/or internally exposed to ionizing radiation. At a date of CRS diagnosis the mean cumulative red bone marrow absorbed dose of external exposure to gamma rays was 1.1 ± 0.7 Gy in males and 1.0 ± 0.6 Gy in females; the mean annual dose was 0.46 ± 0.33 Gy and 0.38 ± 0.22 Gy in males and females, respectively; maximum annual dose was 0.67 ± 0.46 Gy and 0.55 ± 0.34 Gy in males and females, respectively. The CRS frequency in the Mayak PA worker cohort significantly increased with the cumulative and mean annual RBM absorbed dose of external exposure to gamma rays. In the meantime, the CRS frequency was not associated either with a dose of external neutron exposure or with a dose of internal exposure to alpha particles from incorporated plutonium. 

Conclusion: The established CRS registry providing complete high quality demographical, medical and dosimetry information, together with available biological specimens, in future will allow: the updating of dose–response and dose–time–response relationships; the estimation of latent periods, risks and dose thresholds and associated uncertainties for CRS development; certain tissue reactions in lymphoid and haematopoietic tissues; and a better understanding of their development patterns and mechanisms, taking into account non-radiation factors.
Delayed Arteriovenous Fistula after Reverse Flow Sural Island Flap in Lower Leg: A Case Report
Authors: Byun Seung Jae , Kang Hong Je , Joo Min Su , Kim Keon Rok
Published: November 2020

Delayed arteriovenous (AV) fistula after soft tissue reconstruction with flap surgery is a rare complication. Here, we describe a case of delayed AV fistula formation after 4 years of reverse flow sural island flap surgery in the lower leg. The patient had swelling, tenderness, and color change to dark purple on previous flap area and foot, similar to cellulitis. Thrill and murmur were observed. AV fistula was formed around the previous vascular pedicle area, as revealed in angiography. We excised the right posterior tibial artery-saphenous vein fistula. The patient is having satisfactory progress since the surgery. We suggest that AV fistula was caused by enhanced angiogenesis and vascular damage.
Manejo deglutorio del adulto mayor institucionalizado por parte de técnicos en enfermería: un estudio cualitativo
Authors: Henríquez Felipe , Ferrufino Jordan , Inzunza Nicol , Ñancucheo Ana , Padilla Eduardo , Soldán Valeska , Morales Camilo
Published: November 2020

Introducción: se busca profundizar acerca del manejo cotidiano de las complicaciones de la deglución en centros del adulto mayor, las cuales generalmente asume el técnico o auxiliar de enfermería (TENS), quienes son los encargados de su alimentación. Materiales y métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio con enfoque cualitativo basado en la teoría fundamentada. Se realizaron grupos de discusión y entrevistas en profundidad a dieciocho tens de tres establecimientos de larga estadía en la Araucanía (Chile). Se analizaron los datos a través de codificación abierta y axial, con los cuales se obtuvieron seis categorías analíticas sobre esta situación. Resultados: los TENS y los auxiliares de la alimentación reportaron desconocimiento del uso y pertinencia de estas; además, comentaron que dichas maniobras las aprendieron mediante la observación a otros profesionales itinerantes dentro del centro, y no producto de la formación o trabajo interdisciplinario. Conclusión: dado el contexto y las limitaciones derivadas de la formación de los TENS, surge la necesidad de incrementar sus conocimientos y mejorar sus prácticas relacionadas con la deglución y alimentación, con el objetivo de disminuir el riesgo de ocurrencia de situaciones que agraven la salud de los adultos mayores. Se discute, así mismo, la pertinencia de que estos centros cuenten con profesionales capacitados en cuanto al abordaje de los trastornos de la deglución, pues ello contribuirá a mejorar este aspecto, en función del trabajo coordinado con el resto del equipo.
Factores de riesgo sociodemográficos y maternos asociados al retraso psicomotor en infantes menores de dos años en Tabasco
Authors: Ramírez Pérez Estefany , Neme García Alexis , De la Cruz González Julio César , García Rojas Edgar
Published: November 2020

Introducción: el adecuado desarrollo psicomotor en los primeros años de vida influye significativamente en el crecimiento de cada sujeto, por lo que la detección oportuna de factores de riesgo que lo afecten es de vital importancia. El objetivo fue determinar factores sociodemográficos y maternos asociados a la presentación del retraso psicomotor en infantes menores de dos años que acudieron al Centro de Rehabilitación y Educación Especial en Villahermosa (Tabasco, México) en el 2017. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional, retrospectivo de casos y controles en infantes menores de dos años. Los datos se recolectaron mediante un cuestionario de 45 ítems, que incluyó variables como retraso psicomotor, factores de riesgo prenatales, perinatales y posnatales. Se emplearon las pruebas chi cuadrado de Pearson y la prueba exacta de Fisher. Se aceptó una correlación significativa de p<0.05. Resultados: el estrato social bajo mostró una relación significativa con el retraso psicomotor (p = 0.000), así como la presencia de infecciones a una edad muy temprana en el recién nacido, el historial de antecedente familiar y el antecedente de enfermedad en el embarazo (p<0.05). Conclusión: un estatus socioeconómico bajo, enfermedades asociadas al embarazo como malnutrición, hipertensión arterial y accidentes traumáticos, además de las enfermedades infecciosas al nacer, fueron los principales factores que condicionaron el retraso psicomotor.
Efectividad de la clorhexidina y aceites esenciales asociados al raspado y alisado radicular en el tratamiento de periodontitis crónica
Authors: León Rodríguez Jhair Alexander , Vargas Casana Sandra Thays , Pablo Alejandro Millones Gómez
Published: November 2020

Introducción: el tratamiento coadyuvante de la enfermedad periodontal es muy variado y depende de muchos factores. El objetivo del presente artículo fue comparar la efectividad entre clorhexidina al 0.12% y aceites esenciales asociados al raspado y alisado radicular en el tratamiento de periodontitis crónica. Materiales y métodos: la muestra estuvo conformada por 42 pacientes distribuidos aleatoriamente en 3 grupos. La disminución del estado periodontal se midió con la sonda periodontal de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, analizando los valores profundidad al sondaje y el nivel de inserción clínica a los 3, 4 y 5 meses. Para el análisis estadístico de la evolución de las 3 terapias se empleó la t de Student, análisis de varianza y test de Tukey con un nivel de significancia de p < 0.05. Resultados: los valores obtenidos demostraron que la clorhexidina al 0.12% es más efectiva en todos sus controles; mientras que no existe diferencia significativa entre aceites esenciales y el grupo control. Existe diferencia significativa a través del tiempo en cada tratamiento por separado. Conclusión: la clorhexidina al 0.12 % asociada al raspado y alisado radicular es superior a los tratamientos con aceites esenciales en el tratamiento de la periodontitis crónica.
Del suicidio al homicidio: una revisión narrativa de la bibliografía sobre mortalidad por “causas externas” en Argentina
Authors: Di Marco Martín Hernán , Sy Anahí
Published: November 2020

Introducción: el artículo presenta una revisión bibliográfica de los artículos científicos sobre muertes violentas en Argentina, publicados entre 2001 y 2016, con el objetivo de describir temas, áreas de conocimiento, disciplinas y metodologías; también indaga en qué medida la producción académica capta, interpreta y/o instala las violencias como problema sanitario. Materiales y métodos: se relevaron artículos en soporte digital publicados en revistas indizadas en bvs, PubMed, Redalyc, SciELO y Scopus. El corpus final incluyó 72 artículos. Se desarrolló un análisis cuanticualitativo siguiendo la síntesis interpretativa crítica. Resultados: se encontró que la bibliografía: a) aborda la violencia física; b) se enmarca dentro de las ciencias médicas; c) tiene objetivos descriptivos; d) se caracteriza por tener alcances geográficos nacionales e institucionales; e) parte de datos primarios para el abordaje empírico, y f) emplea mayoritariamente metodologías de análisis cuantitativas. La mayoría de los artículos aborda el suicidio, y en los estudios sobre homicidio aparece un área de vacancia desde la perspectiva de los homicidas. Si bien estos aspectos describen estructuralmente esta bibliografía, se encontraron núcleos temáticos con características diferentes. Es escaso el uso de estadísticas nacionales para dar cuenta de la relevancia epidemiológica de “las violencias”. Conclusión: la recurrencia de definiciones y taxonomías de organismos internacionales (principalmente, la Organización Mundial de la Salud) sobre salud y violencia da cuenta de su posición discursiva dominante. Se plantea la necesidad de realizar otros estudios de este tipo, en diferentes países de la región, a fin de tematizar y problematizar la producción académica sobre muertes violentas.
Diseminación tumoral de un filoide en una paciente gestante de 19 años
Authors: Rojas Rojas Fabio Noriel , Ardila Montealegre Javier
Published: November 2020

Introducción: el tumor filoide es uno del tipo estromal fibroepitelial raro de la mama, que corresponde a menos del 1 % de todos los tumores primarios del seno. Las presentaciones malignas de esta neoplasia se caracterizan por metástasis hasta en el 10 % de los casos. Presentación del caso: se describe el caso de una mujer de 19 años de edad, con edad gestacional de 11 semanas, quien consultó por ictericia en la piel y en las escleras, dolor abdominal y hepatomegalia en el examen físico. Como antecedente de importancia, había requerido mastectomía izquierda por una masa caracterizada histológicamente como tumor filoide 16 meses atrás en otra institución médica. El desenlace es fatal a pesar de los esfuerzos médicos previos y durante el embarazo. Conclusión: el pilar fundamental del tratamiento de tumor filoide continúa siendo la resección quirúrgica. La edad se comporta como un factor predictor de pronóstico; de ahí que el seguimiento de las posibles recurrencias hace parte del manejo.
Meeting the Moment: Black Lives Matter, Racial Inequality, Corporate Messaging, and Rebranding
Authors: Bonaparte Yvette Lynne
Published: November 2020

Abstract: Along with the COVID-19 public health crisis, the summer of 2020 will likely be contextualized as a pivotal moment during which conversations regarding both racial and social injustice pierced the silence that so often characterizes American society on these issues. Additionally, for marketers and advertisers, the summer represents one in which unprecedented actions were taken to respond to calls for racial equality. While many Americans attempted to adjust to stay at home orders due to the coronavirus, to some extent they became a captive audience of witnesses to acts of racial injustice; most notably the death of George Floyd at the hands of police. At the same time, Confederate statues were moved from public view and protestors took to the streets to demand an end to systemic racism. Numerous companies and brands responded with messaging and rebranding efforts to illustrate allyship and support for African Americans and other communities of color. This paper provides a perspective on the corporate response to the Black Lives Matter protests during the summer of 2020 and provides examples of corporate and rebranding efforts. While the level of commitment to sustainable change and advocacy as it relates to racial inequality is yet to be determined (and in many ways extends beyond a review of branding and messaging activities), this paper highlights some of the challenges corporations have faced.
The Impact of Strategy in Today's Climate: An Interview with Yusuf Chuku
Authors: Chuku Yusuf , Lindsey-Warren Tyrha M.
Published: November 2020

Abstract: In this interview, Dr. Tyrha M. Lindsey-Warren of Baylor University talks with Yusuf Chuku, Chief Strategy Officer at VMLY&R in New York. Many topics were covered during their conversation which was inspired by a piece Chuku published in Adweek about the empathy called for during the tumultuous spring of 2020: Chuku's unexpected career path into advertising, what an advertising strategist does, the importance of research to strategy, types of research an advertising strategist conducts, the differences between advertising workplace cultures in the US and UK, the experiences of being a child of Nigerian immigrants in the UK, comparing the constructions of race and racism in the US and UK, why US agencies are more risk averse compared to UK agencies, the importance of empathy in doing advertising work, why brands have filled the gap of failing societal institutions, brands' duty to be culturally sensitive and historically aware, why companies should act on racism before being forced to, and advice for students, professors, and practitioners.
Representation Matters: An Illustrated History of Race and Ethnicity in Advertising
Authors: Davis Judy Foster
Published: November 2020

Abstract: This article provides an historical and critical review of a sampling of iconic and archetypical advertisements from the 1800s to the present concerning advertising imagery involving race and ethnicity. Showcasing a variety of print ads, video commercials and social media content, advertising representations featuring Black and African American, Latinx, Asian, Native American and White models are examined, based on examples derived from US and global marketing efforts. Advertisements promoting multiculturalism and anti-racist ideologies are also discussed. Recently curated sources for locating additional examples concerning advertising, race, and ethnicity are identified for further research and teaching. Finally, recommendations aimed at improving advertising teaching and practice are suggested, with a goal of diminishing advertising gaffes which are harmful to advertisers' reputations. Given the interdependent relationship between advertising images, image creators, and the influence of advertising imagery on society, it is important that advertising professionals recognize the potency of visual representations and use their influence to effect change in advertising institutions.
Advertising Technologies, Tactics, and Aftermaths: The Unintended Consequences of Social Media, Branded Content, and Data Mining
Authors: Einstein Mara
Published: November 2020

Abstract: Advertising and technology have a long, synergistic history. That interrelationship affects the economics of the media industry, the content we receive, and the level of sponsorship opacity. Digital technologies have led to an increase in obscured commercial messages and consumer surveillance because the biases of these tools drive the push toward amassing data and creating a technology-tethered population. Four examples demonstrate the evolution of advertising techniques that have occurred due to changes in technology. The combination of technologies and techniques have created opportunities for divisiveness and hatred to flourish all in the name of advertising engagement.
Political Advertising Then and Now: Assessing the Top Political Ads in American History
Authors: Franz Michael
Published: November 2020

Abstract: Which political ads are the most memorable? Since the advent of television, a major medium of reaching voters, campaigns have made tens of thousands of unique ads for races up and down the ballot. Of these, a handful stand out as critical markers of changes in American elections. This article considers the top ads and their importance to understanding the way elections have evolved. These ads were not selected for their impact on election outcomes, since estimating those effects is methodologically prohibitive. Political ads, however, matter more than their direct effect on voters at the ballot box. Many ads stand the test of time for what they signify and represent.
Roundtable on the State of the Advertising Industry: Equity and Inclusion Matters, Part II
Authors: Lindsey-Warren Tyrha M. , Chenevert Amber , Chuku Yusuf , Gilroy Tasha , Howell Marco , James J. P. , Paul Lukeisha , Shankar Shalini , Thomas Kevin D.
Published: November 2020

Abstract: On May 11, 2020, a panel of academics and industry leaders came together to discuss the state of equity and inclusion in the advertising industry. In Part II of this roundtable, participants discuss many topics: examples of positive advertising work effectively reflecting and reaching diverse audiences of the 21st century; best practices for producing more diverse and inclusive advertising; how to use advertising to engage all segments of the population and allow people to check their misconceptions about others; how much money and resources go toward diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts in advertising; how to get new talent interested in advertising; how to recruit and retain diverse talent; how to encourage talent to be the change that they want to see in advertising; advice for practitioners, professors, and brands on how to achieve a more equitable, inclusive, and diverse world through advertising.
Quantitative multi-contrast in vivo mouse imaging with polarization diversity optical coherence tomography and angiography
Authors: Hsu Destiny , Kwon Ji Hoon , Ng Ringo , Makita Shuichi , Yasuno Yoshiaki , Sarunic Marinko V. , Ju Myeong Jin
Published: November 2020

Retinal microvasculature and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) play vital roles in maintaining the health and metabolic activity of the eye. Visualization of these retina structures is essential for pre-clinical studies of vision-robbing diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We have developed a quantitative multi-contrast polarization diversity OCT and angiography (QMC-PD-OCTA) system for imaging and visualizing pigment in the RPE using degree of polarization uniformity (DOPU), along with flow in the retinal capillaries using OCT angiography (OCTA). An adaptive DOPU averaging kernel was developed to increase quantifiable values from visual data, and QMC en face images permit simultaneous visualization of vessel location, depth, melanin region thickness, and mean DOPU values, allowing rapid identification and differentiation of disease symptoms. The retina of five different mice strains were measured in vivo, with results demonstrating potential for pre-clinical studies of retinal disorders.
Metal based grating coupler on a thin-film lithium niobate waveguide
Authors: Ruan Ziliang , Hu Jinyao , Xue Yu , Liu Jie , Chen Bin , Wang Jingyi , Chen Kaixuan , Chen Pengxin , Liu Liu
Published: November 2020

Thin-film lithium niobate (LN) has been proved to be an excellent platform for building compact active and nonlinear photonic components on a chip. The coupling of a sub-micron sized LN waveguide and a single-mode fiber remains as one challenging issue. An efficient grating coupler made of Au stripes on an LN ridge waveguide is demonstrated here. The fabrication of the grating is convenient, using just a standard lift-off process of metal films. The peak coupling efficiency of an optimized structure reaches 50.4%, i.e., −3 dB coupling loss, at 1.55 µm wavelength for the fundamental transverse-electrical mode, where the 1-dB coupling bandwidth is 58 nm. Experimentally, fabricated devices, with buried oxide layer thicknesses slightly off the optimal values, exhibit coupling efficiencies of 43.8% and 33.7% for 400 nm and 600 nm thick LN layers.
Performance analysis of a silicon NOEMS device applied as an optical modulator based on a slot waveguide
Authors: Feng Yu , Thomson David J. , Mashanovich Goran Z. , Yan Jize
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we analyse the performance of a silicon nano-opto-electro-mechanical system (NOEMS) applied as an optical modulator, based on a suspended slot waveguide driven by electrostatic forces. The analysis is carried out with the help of the finite element analysis (FEA) method involving the influences from Casimir force, optical force and electrostatic force. The performance of the modulator are analysed from aspects of actuating modes, actuating voltage, modulating frequency, effective index, phase change, and energy consumption using the FEA method. Simulation results show that a suspended slot modulator has the advantages of low actuation voltage, low power consumption, as well as large effective index and phase change compared with modulators based upon other approaches. The performance of such a modulator can fill the performance gap between the carrier-based approach and micro-opto-electro-mechanical system (MOEMS) approach for modulation.
Educação escolar indígena e saberes tradicionais: A percepção dos professores Pipipã de Kambixuru
Authors: Gomes Coimbra Ana Carolina , Branco Maria Luisa
Published: November 2020

Este artigo é parte de uma investigação de doutoramento, que versa sobre a educação escolar e os saberes tradicionais dos Pipipã de Kambixuru, situados no município de Floresta, Pernambuco, Brasil. Serão apresentados os relatos dos professores indígenas sobre a importância da educação escolar e a inclusão dos saberes tradicionais, nomeadamente a medicina, o Toré e a Jurema Sagrada no currículo diferenciado da Escola Estadual Indígena Joaquim Roseno, na Aldeia Travessão do Ouro. Foi seguida uma abordagem etnográfica, concretizada numa observação participante no território indígena, onde foram feitas entrevistas com os docentes, dando-se ênfase ao processo intercultural da construção do currículo e metodologias utilizadas nas aulas. Os saberes tradicionais são apresentados à comunidade na escola e através da oralidade e, apesar dos processos de aculturação existentes, é perceptível a perseverança da comunidade indígena em manter o seu legado. O discurso intercultural contribui para a permanência e resistência deste povo, pois a diversidade cultural em seus conceitos epistemológicos e em sua prática é de suma relevância tanto para a construção acadêmica quanto para uma pedagogia da vida.
Pueblos originários y educación: De la colonialidad a las experiências decoloniales en Brasil y Chile
Authors: Mansilla Juan Guillermo , Lima Jardilino José Rubens
Published: November 2020

Este artículo aborda la educación de los pueblos indígenas en América Latina. Es una síntesis de una aproximación de estudios sobre la historia de la Educación de los pueblos originarios (educación escolarizada) teniendo como caso Brasil y Chile. Representa un esfuerzo de reflexión de dos investigadores de la Sociedad de Historia de la Educación Latinoamericana (SHELA) que ha estudiado la Educación Indígena o Educación Escolar Indígena en Chile y Brasil teniendo como sustrato teórico los estudios sobre “colonialidad e decolonialidad”respecto al tema indígena en Latinoamérica. Las investigaciones se plantean desde un paradigma comprensivo-interpretativo, cuyo método se enlaza con el tipo de investigación cualitativo historiográfico descriptivo considerando fuentes escritas primarias y secundarias, complementado con datos visuales (fotografías). El análisis documental se realizó de material basado en fuentes escritas primarias, secundarias y documentos personales inobstrusivos. El trabajo contempló tres fases diferenciables en el proceso de producción de resultados: 1) revisión crítica de los datos de nuestras investigaciones anteriores, además de la revisión bibliográfica de resultados de investigación respecto de la presencia de la escuela en otros pueblos indígenas de América; 2) captura y tratamiento de nuevos datos; y 3) validación y evolución de resultados con los participantes de la investigación. Se realizó análisis de contenido, para relevar núcleos de saberes centrales de orden abstracto, dotados de sentido y significado desde la perspectiva de los productores del discurso, y a la vez los contenidos concretos expresados en los textos, incluso sus contenidos latentes.
De escola colonizadora a lugar de resistência étnica: A escola indígena específica e diferenciada que querem os povos Mbya Guarani
Authors: Souza Fatima Rosane Silveira , Menezes Ana Luisa Teixeira
Published: November 2020

Este artigo propõe discussões sobre a educação na escola indígena, na perspectiva dos povos Mbya-Guarani das aldeias Tekoa Ka’agui Poty e Tekoá Yvy Poty, sul do Brasil. A escola indígena quer transformar um modelo de escola colonizador e integracionista, em um lugar de resistência étnica, de preservação da cultura. Como política pública, sua efetividade depende de posicionamentos governamentais que são influenciados pela dificuldade do não indígena em compreender e respeitar as diferenças que observam no modo de ser Guarani. O Guarani não faz distinção entre vida, educação e espiritualidade e quer uma escola que contribua para fortalecer esse modo de viver. A metodologia de investigação tem como inspiração uma ação participante e colaborativa, com trocas recíprocas e simétricas entre indígenas e não indígenas.
Differences between Digital and Physical Cash Availability across Digital Supply Chains: A Case Study about Brazilian Banking Systems
Authors: Salvi Vinícius Zomkowski
Published: November 2020

Purpose: This research work differentiates digital and physical cash availability based in the hypothesis that digital money is created using further virtual enterprises efficiency while physical cash, even utilizing digital supply chains, depends fundamentally of material management efficiency. This research was also considering that banks were one segment which very developed virtual integrations due to their peculiarities (high value transportation, storage, and etc.). Design Methodology: They are three different case studies. The first one about BB (Banco do Brasil), Itau, and Bradesco (the three biggest commercial banks) operations in Brazil for availability of Physical money, using official data kept by Central Bank of Brazil, IBGE, and those three above cited Banks. The digital money availability was another case study investigating the whole payment system of Brazil using POS, card, credit, debit information provided by BCB. The third case study was designed for investigating practices of digital supply chains through further usages in BB, Bradesco, and Itau. However, during the research, the original plan got no enough results, turning the last case investigation more about the same whole payment system, informing the clouding computing, the interoperability, and the reduction of physical demands like introductory results. Finding: This dissertation were able of mapping graphically how the physical money is spread across banking operations into the Brazilian territory, better saying, it shows Brazilian Bank - the total sum of Branches of BB , Bradesco and Itaú - concentrations in each municipality, and the availability of M0-Branches Reserves of those same banks across those same municipalities. The Digital money applications pointed the debit, credit, online transferring, STR, TED, DOC, intrabank operations as very used examples of digital money. Visa and Master card are the two main banner card used in Brazil, but this country has challenges of internet and mobile usages for accomplishing its ambitious project of further integration and instantaneous electronic Payments (PIX). Practical Implications: The Digital money today’s availability is not instantaneous (up to 2 workdays), it is expensive (up to R$20.00 each transaction) and not able 24 hours per day, all week (only workdays). The physical money is also compounded by hidden costs of storage, packaging, transportation and purchase, making Central Bank of Brazil spend more than R$700.00 million each year. The second tier, from BCB to Commercial Banks, has also potential of being expensive, once transportation, physical installations, third party services, surveillance, and transport represent the majority of those operational costs and should be also applied to commercial banks physical distribution
Energy sector impact on country’s economic security: Baltic sea region EU countries’ case
Authors: Zitkiene Rima , Matyskevic Jurij , Kremer–Matyskevic Inna , Korzhenivska Nataliia , Zaika Svitlana
Published: November 2020

The article object is to is a relatively new research direction in economic theory - economic security at the macro-level. One of the aims of this article is to reveal the country’s economic security idea and to choose methods for this economic phenomenon evaluation as well as to suggest the method to evaluate the energy sector's impact on this economic phenomenon. Firstly, the authors review different approaches to economic security principles and do some assumptions related to the country's economic security concept. There is shortly described the energy sector. Since the scientific problem is how to evaluate the energy sector and the country's security and what impact the energy sector has on the country's economic security, the authors have selected methods to analyze the links between energy sector activities and economic security. Furthermore, there were presented the results of regression analyzes and concluded what energy sector indicators influence countries' economic security.
Analysis and perspectives of the level of enterprises digitalization (Lithuanian manufacturing sector case)
Authors: Bickauske Daiva , Simanaviciene Zaneta , Jakubavicius Arturas , Vilys Mantas , Mykhalchyshyna Larysa
Published: November 2020

The impact of technological advances in all industry sectors is being felt and, thus, there is no doubt that digital transformation will have significantly affect Lithuanian manufacturing sector. In order to assess the extent to which Lithuanian processing industry companies are digitalized, an in-depth descriptive analysis of installed digital technologies in these companies was executed.  The goal of this analysis – to determine whether Lithuanian companies of processing industry has been sufficiently digitalized and are ready to completely adopt the principles of Industry 4.0 in the installation of digital solutions within all segments of the value-chain creation. The research on already-applied digital tools and technologies in those companies was made during the phase of analysis.  There was also an attempt to define the most digitalized processes of operation and the least or non-digitalized processes of operations in those companies. After the assessment of a current digitalization level in the company was made,  there was an attempt to clarify the strengths and problematic challenges as well as the underlying reasons for its challenges. After the above-mentioned data was collected, recommendations on which additional tools and means to apply in order to encourage the process of digitalization in the companies were formulated and passed on to the companies.
Computer model of resource demand planning for dairy farms
Authors: Тryhuba Anatolii , Тryhuba Inna , Mushenyk Iryna , Pashсhenko Oksana , Likhter Mykola
Published: November 2020

The research presents results of the analysis of scientific and practical conditions of planning of the needs for resources, required for the implementation of the projects of agricultural production. The work substantiates the improvement of the method of forecasting the demand of natural resources, required for fodder production. That method expects the performance of four stages, which are based on production experiments and require computer modeling. The presented method, contrary to the existing ones, considers changeable natural-climatic, subject, organization, and scale constituents of the project environment of the agricultural production projects. Using the developed computer model for forecasting of the natural resource demand for fodder production under conditions of the agricultural servicing cooperative “Pokrova” of Zabolottsi community in Brody district of Lviv region, the work has studied impact of natural-climatic, organization and scale constituents of production conditions on the variation of the natural resource demand. It is confirmed that the mathematical expectation of the area of the required field for the growing of fodder crops with a proportional change of the milking herd population is made according to polynomial dependencies of the second order. The correlation coefficient of the obtained dependencies is 0.85…0.99. It confirms a strong correlation relation between the mathematical expectation of the area of the field, necessary for the growing of fodder crops, and the structure of the milking herd population. The increase of the milking herd population results in the growth of the mathematical expectation and insufficient increase of the mean-square deviation of the area of the field, required for growing of fodder crops.
Adults as non-traditional students in the tertiary education of Denmark and Ukraine: comparative discourse of structural, psychologic and pedagogic peculiarities
Authors: Roliak Angelina , Matiienko Olena , Koliadych Yuliia , Yatsyshin Oleg , Dakaliuk Olha
Published: November 2020

Today with the demand of a knowledge-based society to adapt workforce to modern flexible and innovative production, sustainable and coherent adult education becomes an integral part of the European education system. The article offers a comparative analysis of the structural models, principles and new political initiatives of adults training in tertiary education systems of Ukraine and Denmark. The Danish context is the most important for the development of adult education policy in Ukraine as Denmark has gained a unique experience in creating of democratic adult training system existing as a component of lifelong learning. Multiple sources in Ukrainian, European and Danish educational environments at various time points from 2000 till 2020 have been used in data collection for this study. Adult education in Ukraine requires a substantial adjustment at the legislative, structural and technological levels. Based on a comparative analysis of the adult education systems characteristic features of Denmark and Ukraine, the author has substantiated suggestions for the construction of efficient adult training models in higher educational institutions of Ukraine.
The results of implementation of european requirements in management of transfer pricing audit (experience of Ukraine)
Authors: Fesenko Valeriia , Vakulchyk Olena , Guba Olexandr , Ostapchuk Serhii , Babich Iryna
Published: November 2020

Since 2017 four of fifteen steps of the BEPS plan (base erosion and profit shifting) have been introduced in Ukraine to resist various areas of aggressive tax planning. The implementation of the BEPS plan is primarily made through frame working a transfer pricing control system in Ukraine, which aims to reduce illegal tax sheltering through foreign economic transactions with interdependent or interested parties as well as through transactions with contractors that are registered or make business in low-tax jurisdictions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of implementation of European requirements in the system of audit of foreign economic activity in Ukraine. The study is based on data from the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine for 2015-2019.The article identifies the amounts of Ukrainian exports (imports) to (from) low-tax jurisdictions, analyzes the controlled exports and imports by geographical segment. The study presents evidence of the use of transfer pricing mechanisms by Ukrainian companies to optimize income taxation, which is contrary to the interests of the state. Therefore, a special need consists in improvement of the state control over operations of the foreign economic activity. The changes and current trends in foreign economic operations during the implementation of transfer pricing controls since 2013 in accordance with the BEPS plan were examined. This study proves that immediately after expanding the list of low tax jurisdictions, there has been a significant fall in the volume of controlled exports and imports, which we regard as a loss of cost-effectiveness of trade operations through low tax jurisdictions due to increased controls and enlarged list of territories, transactions through which are under strict control.