bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
КРИВИЧНО ПРАВНИ И КРИМИНАЛИСТИЧКИ ЗНАЧАЈ КРИВИЧНОГ ДЈЕЛА ОМОГУЋАВАЊЕ УЖИВАЊА ОПОЈНИХ ДРОГА
Authors: Зимоња Оливије
Published: January 2018

Кривично дјело Омогућавање уживања опојнихдрога представља изузетно тешко кривично дјело инкриминисаноКривичним законом Републике Српске. За разлику од кривичног дјелаНеовлаштена производња и промет опојних дрога, које у својој основиима искључиво економски карактер и не мора нужно да подразумијевалични контакт жртве и извршиоца, предметно кривично дјело усвом остварењу подразумијева лични контакт жртве и извршиоцаи у највећем броју случајева обухвата свјесно дјеловање извршиоцада контаминира жртву, остављајући јој тешке физичке и психичкепосљедице, те изазове зависност о опојним дрогама. На тај начин,осигуравајући себи тржиште за неовлаштену продају опојних дрога,врбују зависнике као посреднике, продавце, преносиоце опојних дрога,а у великом броју случајева те жртве доживљавају и секундарну, па чаки терцијарну виктимизацију кроз инфицирање заразним болестима,трговину људима, проституцију и слично; односно економски иинтересни карактер овог кривичног дјела се појављује секундарно,прикривен лажним мотивима извршиоца. Предметно кривично дјелопроузрокује посљедице готово идентичних карактеристика као штосу посљедице код кривичних дјела убиства, тешких тјелесних повреда,силовања или разбојништва, с тим да је стварање таквих посљедицаприкривено. Истовремено, познавајући ове чињенице, свједоци смо дасе ово кривично дјело занемарује од стране правосудних институција ида веома често не буде адекватно санкционисано.
ЗАШТИТА ПОЛНОГ ИНТЕГРИТЕТА НЕМОЋНОГ ЛИЦА
Authors: Мaцурa Ивaн
Published: January 2018

Aутoр aнaлизирa кривичнo дjeлo oбљубe нaд нeмoћнимлицeм у Кривичном закону Рeпубликe Српскe, КЗРС (Сл. гласник РС,бр. 49/03,108704, 37/06, 73/10, 1/12 и 67/13), кao jeднoм oд нajмaњeaнaлизирaних и публикoвaних кривичних дjeлa из групe кривичнихдjeлa прoтив пoлнoг интeгритeтa. У aнaлизи je дата дефиницијa саобјашњењима елемената основног и квалификованих облика дjела. Сoбзирoм на то дa je у кривичнoм дjeлу рaдњa извршeњa, пoрeд oбљубe,прoширeнa другим пoлним рaдњaмa, кojе зaкoнoм нису oдрeђeне,тaквoj зaкoнскoj фoрмулaциjи дjeлa би сe мoглo пригoвoрити дa je збoгсвoje нeoдрeђeнoсти у супрoтнoсти сa принципoм lex certa (начелоодређености кривичног закона), тe дa дoвoди дo oдрeђeнe прaвнeнeсигурнoсти грaђaнa. Вршиће се преглед дjела са рjешењима иззаконодавстава у региону и усклађености законског рјешења дjела саратификованим конвенцијама и међунароним уговорима, свe у циљудoлaскa дo oдгoвoрa дa ли je oблaст зaштитe пoлнoг интeгритeтa уРeпублици Српскoj, пa и у Бoсни и Хeрцeгoвини усклaђeнa сa oбaвeзaмaдржaвe из прихвaћeних Кoнвeнциja Сaвjeтa Eврoпe. Такође, у раду сеистражује однос кривичног дjела обљубе над немоћним лицем са општиминститутом материјалног кривичног права – начелом одређености. Урaду сe зaкључуje дa je у нaрeднoм пeриду пoтрeбнo вршити промјенекoje би могле ићи у прецизирању и тачном одређивању радње „другупoлну рaдњу“ и пoсeбним зaкoнoм нa нивoу eнтитeтa, Дистриктa Брчкoи Бoснe и Хeрцeгoвинe успoстaвити eвидeнциjу учинилаца кривичнихдjeлa сeксуaлнoг нaсиљa.
ОСНОВНИ ЕЛЕМЕНТИ ЗЛОЧИНА ПРОТИВ ЧОВЈЕЧНОСТИ
Authors: Карановић Синиша
Published: January 2018

Злочин против човјечности сматра се злочином не самопротив самих жртава, већ против човјечанства у цјелини. Злочиномпротив човјечности се обухвата кривичноправна заштита читавогниза вриједности које се сматрају основним добрима човјечанства каоцјелине, односно заштита основних људских права која су гарантованачитавим системом међународноправних прописа савременог доба.Стога би се могло рећи да је основна карактеристика овог кривичногдјела – та да оно означава понашање које је управљено против цивилногстановништва и којим се крше основни принципи међународногхуманитарног права, морала и човјечности и које карактерише високстепен нехуманости и окрутности.
Испуњење крштењских завета у Светој Тајни монашког пострига
Authors: Тупеша Ненад
Published: January 2018

Разумевање тајне Крштења у контексту православног подвижништва је кључ за правилно тумачење монашког пострига као свете тајне. Крштење и монашки постриг су суштински утемељени на подвижничком етосу, и аскеза је та преко које човек хришћанин остварује свој христообразни начин постојања. Остварење новог начина постојања који је утемељен на Христу постиже се пре свега Крштењем кроз одрицање од света и природног начина постојања који завршава смрћу, и монашком аскезом као најаутентичнијим обликом хришћанског живљења чији је циљ остварење крштењских завета. С обзиром на то да постоји мноштво светоотачких тумачења тајне Крштења, било би немогуће анлизирати све аспекте ове велике Тајне ступања у Цркву, као и тајне монашког пострига. Због тога, ова кратка студија има за циљ да сагледа само неке аспекте тајне Крштења у Првој и Другој мистагошкој Катихези Светог Кирила Јерусалимског које умногоме представљају основу за сва потоња тумачења, а посебно у области богослужбеног символизма. Монашки постриг, који многи богослови не сматрају светом тајном, сагледаван је на потпуно другачији начин у Ареопагитским списима, или прецизније у спису О Црквеној јерархији, са богатим символизмима који се нераскидиво везују за Крштење. Управо тумачења ових тајновидаца могу у потпуности да потврде нераскидиву светотајинску везу између ове две свете тајне.
Црква као неисцрпни извор надахнућа
Authors: Ступар Владимир
Published: January 2018

Искуство живота са Светом Тројицом у оквирима црквеног тајинства остварује се као надахнуће или благодат Светога Духа. Црква свој идентитет заснива на делатности Светог Духа који увек чини Христа присутним у литургијском опиту и личном искуству верних који онтолошки остварују слободу, љубав и живот у евхаристијском јединству са Светом Тројицим, светом и једни са другима. На овај начин открива се не само есхатолошка истина о обоженом човеку, већ пре свега истина о Тројичном Богу као Богу Љубави.
Тумач Светог Писма је боговидац
Authors: Томасовић Мирко
Published: January 2018

Тумачити Свето Писмо без одређеног циља узалудан je посао. Свесни смо наше немоћи да уђемо у тајну, дубине и небеску логику Светога Писма, односно да препознамо духовно значење Писма и вршимо процену Истине, уколико не примимо нетварну благодат од Тројичног Бога за разумевање тајне Домостроја спасења (Јустин Философ, Дијалог 119, 1; Климент Александријски, Стромата, V, 13, PG 9, 124B–125A). Као што је Божија благодат деловала кроз Пророке и Апостоле, тако она делује и кроз озареног православног тумача библијских текстова и Светога Предања. Управо због тога се ум егзегетин и ум свештенобиблијског писца налазе у сагласности и на истим таласним дужинама. Уколико се ум егзегетин и ум свештенобиблијског писца налазе у сагласности, тада је то доказ да је тумачење православно, изворно, црквено, објективно и истинито.
Беседа на празник Светог Василија Острошког, крсну славу Богословског факултета у Фочи
Authors: Голијанин Ведран
Published: January 2018

Часни оци, драги гости, поштоване колеге студенти! Част ми је да вам се данас, када наша црквено-школска заједница прославља своју крсну славу Светог Василија Острошког, могу обратити са неколико речи, спојених у једну скромну беседу или, прецизније речено, један скроман савет.
The Use of Energy Storage Devices of Uncontrolled Type on the Moscow Metro (Theory and Practice)
Authors: Valerievich Shevlyugin Maxim , Stadnikov Alexandr Nikolaevich , Golitsyna Anastasiya Evgenievna
Published: January 2018

The problem of increasing energy saving and energy efficiency in the system of traction power supply of the Moscow Metro is considered due to the use of energy storage devices of uncontrolled type. The results of simulation modeling of the operation of an energy storage device of uncontrolled type in the system of traction power supply of the subway are presented.A particular line of the Moscow Metro, Filevskaya, was studied, on which experiments on the introduction of energy storage devices based on electrochemical super capacitors were conducted.With the help of experimental measurements, the electric power indicators of the operation of a stationary energy storage device had been obtained at regular service on the traction substation of the Filevskaya line of the Moscow Metro for several months. The maximum levels of the converted energies, the cyclicity, the efficiency of the plant operation, and the amount of the energy economy are determined.By statistical processing of the instantaneous values of the performance of the traction substation with the accumulator and the analysis of the data of the energy monitoring of the Moscow metro, an important parameter of reducing the installed capacity was investigated. The similarity of the data of theoretical calculations and experimental measurements is shown.
Examining ways to enhance active transportation and the impact on commuters’ health, wellbeing and sustainable development
Authors: Papageorgiou George , Balamou Eudokia , Efstathiadou Theophano , Maimaris Athanasios
Published: January 2018

Active transportation and physical activity is a major remedy to health-related problems in our society. According to the World Health Organization the lack of physical activity is one of the leading risk factors for global mortality as well as health problems such as diabetes, cardiovascular complications and other diseases that are threatening public health. To reduce the health risks of physical inactivity, active transportation and generally physical activity have recently gained great interest in our modern societies. This paper investigates ways to enhance active transportation and the impact on commuters’ health, wellbeing and urban sustainability. As a result, a theoretical framework is developed that explores the relevant variables that influence commuter’s willingness for active mobility.
GLASS AND PERFORATED METAL DOUBLE SKIN FAÇADE PERFORMANCE IN HOT HUMID CLIMATE
Authors: Ardiani Nissa Aulia , Koerniawan M. Donny
Published: January 2018

The construction of a sustainable building in Indonesia has increased in recent years. Middle- to high-rise buildings are encouraged to enhance its performance to reduce energy demands. With maximum temperature 34°C, most of the buildings in Indonesia utilize mechanical air conditioning to achieve indoor thermal comfort. In this research, the performance of campus building with Double Skin Façade (DSF) in Indonesia would be quantitatively assessed and simulated by utilizing Autodesk Revit and Green Building Studio. In respect to façade material, actual cavity width, inner and outer layer façade type, and also weather condition, these simulations are expected to produce comparison result between four DSF material configurations which are perforated metal, single glazing, double glazing, and triple glazing. From the simulation, the results show that perforated metal DSF could consume 5%-23.16% more energy for space cooling compared to building with glass DSF.
Secondary Circulation Asymmetry in a Meandering, Partially Stratified Estuary
Authors: Pein J. , Valle‐Levinson A. , Stanev E. V.
Published: January 2018

Numerical model experiments are used to study the effects of multiple channel bends on estuarine dynamics and, in particular, on secondary flows. These effects are demonstrated by comparing experiments with two different idealized trumpet‐shaped estuaries, one straight and another one with a ∼8 km meandering section in the middle of the estuary. Meanders complicate the flow field by introducing secondary processes. For instance, meanders increase turbulence and associated mixing locally within the water column, as well as outside the meandering portion. Furthermore, meanders transform up to 30% of the along‐channel momentum into secondary circulation. Production of turbulence and secondary currents is different at flood and ebb tidal phases. At flood, meanders lead to unstable stratification and increased turbulence. At ebb, the flow develops a helical pattern and adjusts to the channel curvature with minimal decrease in density stability. The secondary circulation asymmetry is caused by an interplay between the across‐channel baroclinic pressure gradient force and the centrifugal force. During ebb both forces enhance each other, whereas they oppose during flood. As a consequence of this interaction between baroclinic forcing and curving morphology, ebb flows and horizontal buoyancy fluxes increase relative to flood. The enhanced ebb dominance shifts a density front toward the mouth of the estuary, thus reducing salt intrusion.
Three‐Dimensional Passive‐Source Reverse‐Time Migration of Converted Waves: The Method
Authors: Li Jiahang , Shen Yang , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2018

At seismic discontinuities in the crust and mantle, part of the compressional wave energy converts to shear wave, and vice versa. These converted waves have been widely used in receiver function (RF) studies to image discontinuity structures in the Earth. While generally successful, the conventional RF method has its limitations and is suited mostly to flat or gently dipping structures. Among the efforts to overcome the limitations of the conventional RF method is the development of the wave‐theory‐based, passive‐source reverse‐time migration (PS‐RTM) for imaging complex seismic discontinuities and scatters. To date, PS‐RTM has been implemented only in 2D in the Cartesian coordinate for local problems and thus has limited applicability. In this paper, we introduce a 3D PS‐RTM approach in the spherical coordinate, which is better suited for regional and global problems. New computational procedures are developed to reduce artifacts and enhance migrated images, including back‐propagating the main arrival and the coda containing the converted waves separately, using a modified Helmholtz decomposition operator to separate the P and S modes in the back‐propagated wavefields, and applying an imaging condition that maintains a consistent polarity for a given velocity contrast. Our new approach allows us to use migration velocity models with realistic velocity discontinuities, improving accuracy of the migrated images. We present several synthetic experiments to demonstrate the method, using regional and teleseismic sources. The results show that both regional and teleseismic sources can illuminate complex structures and this method is well suited for imaging dipping interfaces and sharp lateral changes in discontinuity structures.
Dissipative Intraplate Faulting During the 2016 Mw6.2 Tottori, Japan Earthquake
Authors: Ross Zachary E. , Kanamori Hiroo , Hauksson Egill , Aso Naofumi
Published: January 2018

The 2016 Mw6.2 Tottori earthquake occurred on 21 October 2016 and produced thousands of aftershocks. Here we analyze high‐resolution‐relocated seismicity together with source properties of the mainshock to better understand the rupture process and energy budget. We use a matched‐filter algorithm to detect and precisely locate >10,000 previously unidentified aftershocks, which delineate a network of sharp subparallel lineations exhibiting significant branching and segmentation. Seismicity below 8 km depth forms highly localized fault structures subparallel to the mainshock strike. Shallow seismicity near the main rupture plane forms more diffuse clusters and lineations that often are at a high angle (in map view) to the mainshock strike. An empirical Green's function technique is used to derive apparent source time functions for the mainshock, which show a large amplitude pulse 2–4 s long. We invert the apparent source time functions for a slip distribution and observe a ~16 km2patch with average slip ~3.2 m. 93% of the seismic moment is below 8 km depth, which is approximately the depth below which the seismicity becomes very localized. These observations suggest that the mainshock rupture area was entirely within the lower half of the seismogenic zone. The radiated seismic energy is estimated to be 5.7 × 1013J, while the static stress drop is estimated to be 18–27 MPa. These values yield a radiation efficiency of 5–7%, which indicates that the Tottori mainshock was extremely dissipative. We conclude that this inefficiency in energy radiation is likely a product of the immature intraplate environment and the underlying geometric complexity.
Pancake Ice Thickness Mapping in the Beaufort Sea From Wave Dispersion Observed in SAR Imagery
Authors: Wadhams P. , Aulicino G. , Parmiggiani F. , Persson P. O. G. , Holt B.
Published: January 2018

The early autumn voyage of RV Sikuliaq to the southern Beaufort Sea in 2015 offered very favorable opportunities for observing the properties and thicknesses of frazil‐pancake ice types. The operational region was overlaid by a dense network of retrieved satellite imagery, including synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery from Sentinel‐1 and COSMO‐SkyMed (CSK). This enabled us to fully test and apply the SAR‐waves technique, first developed by Wadhams and Holt (1991), for deriving the thickness of frazil‐pancake icefields from changed wave dispersion. A line of subimages from a main SAR image (usually CSK) is analyzed running into the ice along the main wave direction. Each subimage is spectrally analyzed to yield a wave number spectrum, and the change in the shape of the spectrum between open water and ice, or between two thicknesses of ice, is interpreted in terms of the viscous equations governing wave propagation in frazil‐pancake ice. For each of the case studies considered here, there was good or acceptable agreement on thickness between the extensive in situ observations and the SAR‐wave calculation. In addition, the SAR‐wave analysis gave, parametrically, effective viscosities for the ice covering a consistent and narrow range of 0.03–0.05 m2 s−1.
Variability and Dynamics of the Yucatan Upwelling: High‐Resolution Simulations
Authors: Jouanno J. , Pallàs‐Sanz E. , Sheinbaum J.
Published: January 2018

The Yucatan shelf in the southern Gulf of Mexico is under the influence of an upwelling that uplifts cool and nutrient rich waters over the continental shelf. The analysis of a set of high‐resolution (Δx = Δy ≈ 2.8 km) simulations of the Gulf of Mexico shows two dominant modes of variability of the Yucatan upwelling system: (1) a low‐frequency mode related to variations in position and intensity of the Loop Current along the shelf, with upwelling intensified when the Loop Current is strong and approaches to the Yucatan shelf break and (2) a high‐frequency mode with peak frequency in the 6–10 days band related to wind‐forced coastal waves that force vertical velocities along the eastern Yucatan shelf break. To first order, the strength and position of the Loop Current are found to control the intensity of the upwelling, but we show that high‐frequency winds also contribute (∼17%) to a net input of cool waters (<22.5°C) on the Yucatan shelf. Finally, although more observational studies are needed to corroborate the topographic character of the Yucatan upwelling system, this study reveals the key role played by a notch along the Yucatan shelf break: a sensitivity simulation without the notch shows a 55% reduction of the upwelling.
A Saltier Glacial Mediterranean Outflow
Authors: van Dijk J. , Ziegler M. , de Nooijer L. J. , Reichart G. J. , Xuan C. , Ducassou E. , Bernasconi S. M. , Lourens L. J.
Published: January 2018

The state of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is influenced by both the strength and the location of the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) plume in the Gulf of Cadiz. To evaluate the influence of MOW on AMOC over deglaciations, precise and accurate salinity and temperature reconstructions are needed. For this purpose, we measured Mg/Ca and clumped isotopes of several benthic foraminiferal species at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1390 in the Gulf of Cadiz. The clumped isotope results of Cibicidoides pachyderma, Uvigerina mediterranea, and Pyrgo spp. are consistent between species and record no significant difference in Last Glacial Maximum to Holocene deep water temperature. Over the deglaciation, the Mg/Ca‐based temperatures derived from U. mediterranea indicate three periods of MOW absence at Site U1390. Mg/Ca‐based temperatures of Hoeglundina elegans and C. pachyderma are on average 6°C too cold when compared to the present core‐top temperature, which we explain by a carbonate ion effect on these epibenthic species related to the high alkalinity of the MOW. Combining deep water temperature estimates with the benthic oxygen isotope data and considering different relationships between seawater oxygen isotopes and salinity, we infer a salinity decrease of MOW by three to eight units over the deglaciation and four units during Sapropel 1, accounting for the global δ18O depletion due to the decrease in ice volume. Our findings confirm that the Mediterranean Sea accumulates excess salt during a glacial low stand and suggest that this salt surged into the Atlantic over the deglaciation, presumably during Heinrich Stadial 1.
Survey of 5 mm small‐field output factor measurements in Australia
Authors: Oliver Christopher P. , Butler Duncan J. , Takau Viliami , Williams Ivan
Published: January 2018

The Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) held a comparison exercise in April 2016 where participants came to ARPANSA and measured the output factor of a nominal 5 mm cone attached to the ARPANSA Elekta Synergy (Elekta, Crawley, UK) linear accelerator. The goal of the exercise was to compare the consistency and methods used by independent medical physicists in measuring small‐field output factors. ARPANSA provided a three‐dimensional scanning tank for detector setup and positioning, but the participants were required to measure the output factor with their own detectors. No information regarding output factors previously measured was supplied to participants to make each result as independent as possible. Fifteen groups travelled to ARPANSA bringing a wide range of detectors and methods. A total of 30 measurements of the output factor were made. The standard deviation of the measurements (excluding one expected outlier from an uncorrected ionization chamber measurement) was 3.6%. The results provide an insight into the consistency of small‐field dosimetry being performed in Australia and New Zealand at the present time.
Minimizing dose variation from the interplay effect in stereotactic radiation therapy using volumetric modulated arc therapy for lung cancer
Authors: Kubo Kazuki , Monzen Hajime , Tamura Mikoto , Hirata Makoto , Ishii Kentaro , Okada Wataru , Nakahara Ryuta , Kishimoto Shun , Kawamorita Ryu , Nishimura Yasumasa
Published: January 2018

It is important to improve the magnitude of dose variation that is caused by the interplay effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the number of breaths (NBs) to the dose variation for VMAT‐SBRT to lung cancer. Data on respiratory motion and multileaf collimator (MLC) sequence were collected from the cases of 30 patients who underwent radiotherapy with VMAT‐SBRT for lung cancer. The NBs in the total irradiation time with VMAT and the maximum craniocaudal amplitude of the target were calculated. The MLC sequence complexity was evaluated using the modulation complexity score for VMAT (MCSv). Static and dynamic measurements were performed using a cylindrical respiratory motion phantom and a micro ionization chamber. The 1 standard deviation which were obtained from 10 dynamic measurements for each patient were defined as dose variation caused by the interplay effect. The dose distributions were also verified with radiochromic film to detect undesired hot and cold dose spot. Dose measurements were also performed with different NBs in the same plan for 16 patients in 30 patients. The correlations between dose variations and parameters assessed for each treatment plan including NBs, MCSv, the MCSv/amplitude quotient (TMMCSv), and the MCSv/amplitude quotient × NBs product (IVS) were evaluated. Dose variation was decreased with increasing NBs, and NBs of >40 times maintained the dose variation within 3% in 15 cases. The correlation between dose variation and IVS which were considered NBs was shown stronger (R2 = 0.43, P < 0.05) than TMMCSv (R2 = 0.32, P < 0.05). The NBs is an important factor to reduce the dose variation. The patient who breathes >40 times during irradiation of two partial arcs VMAT (i.e., NBs = 16 breaths per minute) may be suitable for VMAT‐SBRT for lung cancer.
Pore Size Manipulation in 3D Printed Cryogels Enables Selective Cell Seeding
Authors: Serex Ludovic , Braschler Thomas , Filippova Aleksandra , Rochat Ariane , Béduer Amélie , Bertsch Arnaud , Renaud Philippe
Published: January 2018

Cryogels are macroporous materials that display remarkable properties, such as high pore interconnection, large surface to volume ratio, and high mechanical stability, making them good candidates for 3D cell culture. However, shaping cryogels remains challenging because of the harsh conditions of synthesis at temperatures as low as −80 °C. In this paper, a solution for the 3D printing of functionalized cryogels is proposed. A microfabricated dispensing probe allowing the last second mixing of cryogel precursors as well as control of the temperature of the extruded material during printing is presented. This dispensing tool allows multilayer 3D printing of cryogels with on demand local pore size change through the control in temperature of the dispensed solution. Moreover, thanks to advanced functionalization of the scaffold, cells can be cultured in 3D within the printed scaffold and exhibited spreading. The ability to tune the pore size of the printed cryogels allows to select during printing where cells will get seeded.
Will We See Gigahertz Organic Transistors?
Authors: Klauk Hagen
Published: January 2018

Despite the many advances in the materials and technology of organic transistors, the highest transit frequency reported for organic transistors has not been improved for more than half a decade and remains far below 1 GHz. One reason is that most contributions to the field have traditionally focused on parameters that have little or no impact on the high‐frequency performance of organic transistors. By analyzing the fundamental equations for the transit frequency and the effective (or apparent) carrier mobility, the requirements under which organic transistors can be expected to show a transit frequency of 1 GHz are reiterated. Not surprisingly, it is found that the critical parameter in this quest is not the charge‐carrier mobility in the organic semiconductor layer, but the contact resistance, along with the channel length and the parasitic gate‐to‐contact overlaps.
Parkinson disease and the risk of epileptic seizures
Authors: Gruntz Katharina , Bloechliger Marlene , Becker Claudia , Jick Susan S. , Fuhr Peter , Meier Christoph R. , Rüegg Stephan
Published: January 2018

Objective

To assess the association between incident Parkinson disease (PD) and subsequent incident epileptic seizures.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study with a nested case–control analysis using data from the U.K. Clinical Practice Research Datalink. We identified patients aged ≥40 years with an incident diagnosis of PD between 1995 and 2016 and a matched comparison group of PD‐free individuals. We calculated crude incidence rates (IRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of epileptic seizures in PD patients and the PD‐free comparison group, and corresponding crude incidence rate ratios (IRRs). In the nested case–control analysis, we calculated adjusted odds ratios (adj. ORs) of incident PD among cases with incident epileptic seizures and seizure‐free controls overall and stratified by various seizure‐provoking comorbidities.

Results

Among 23,086 incident PD patients and 92,343 PD‐free individuals, we identified 898 patients with incident epileptic seizures. The crude IR of epileptic seizures in PD patients was 266.7/100,000 person‐years (95% CI = 235.6–297.7), and in PD‐free individuals it was 112.4/100,000 person‐years (95% CI = 103.5–121.3; IRR = 2.37, 95% CI = 2.06–2.73). The adj. OR of epileptic seizures was 1.68 (95% CI = 1.43–1.98) in PD patients compared with PD‐free individuals. PD patients with comorbid brain disorders (adj. OR = 12.36, 95% CI = 8.74–17.48) or with > 1 seizure‐provoking comorbidity (adj. OR = 13.24, 95% CI = 10.15‐17.25) were at the highest risk of epileptic seizures compared with PD‐free individuals with no seizure‐provoking comorbidities.

Interpretation

This study suggests that incident PD is associated with an increased risk of incident epileptic seizures. Ann Neurol 2018;83:363–374
Planning, collaboration key to starting a department from scratch
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: January 2018

When Rick Holland considered a job posting at Florida Polytechnic University, he was intrigued by the challenge of launching a police department from scratch. Holland started as deputy chief in June 2014, and the institution welcomed its first students in August.
In Situ Growth of CoP Nanoparticles Anchored on Black Phosphorus Nanosheets for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Liang Qingshuang , Shi Fangbing , Xiao Xiufeng , Wu Xiaofeng , Huang Keke , Feng Shouhua
Published: January 2018

A novel zero‐dimensional/two‐dimensional CoP/black phosphorus heterostructure was successfully constructed by in situ growth of CoP nanoparticles on the surface of black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets through a facile solvothermal method. The as‐prepared CoP/BP heterostructure exhibited excellent photocatalytic H2 production activity under visible‐ and near‐infrared‐light irradiation. The hydrogen evolution rate of the CoP/BP heterostructure was 694 μmol h−1 g−1, which is about two times higher than that of the Pt/BP heterostructure. The in situ growth of CoP nanoparticles in black phosphorus nanosheets gives rise to excellent interfacial contact between the light‐harvesting material and the co‐catalysts, promotes fast charge transfer, and reduces charge recombination. Because the CoP nanoparticles are anchored on the surface of the BP nanosheets, agglomeration of the CoP nanoparticles is suppressed, and thus, the high surface area and large number of active sites are effectively maintained.
Monitoring dynamic spatio‐temporal ecological processes optimally
Authors: Williams Perry J. , Hooten Mevin B. , Womble Jamie N. , Esslinger George G. , Bower Michael R.
Published: January 2018

Population dynamics vary in space and time. Survey designs that ignore these dynamics may be inefficient and fail to capture essential spatio‐temporal variability of a process. Alternatively, dynamic survey designs explicitly incorporate knowledge of ecological processes, the associated uncertainty in those processes, and can be optimized with respect to monitoring objectives. We describe a cohesive framework for monitoring a spreading population that explicitly links animal movement models with survey design and monitoring objectives. We apply the framework to develop an optimal survey design for sea otters in Glacier Bay. Sea otters were first detected in Glacier Bay in 1988 and have since increased in both abundance and distribution; abundance estimates increased from 5 otters to >5,000 otters, and they have spread faster than 2.7 km/yr. By explicitly linking animal movement models and survey design, we are able to reduce uncertainty associated with forecasting occupancy, abundance, and distribution compared to other potential random designs. The framework we describe is general, and we outline steps to applying it to novel systems and taxa.
Utilization of bare MgO, CeO2, and ZnO nanoparticles for nitrate removal from aqueous solution
Authors: Mahdavi Shahriar , Molodi Peyman , Zarabi Mahboubeh
Published: January 2018

The traditional drinking water purification process is inefficient in removing nitrate significantly. Adsorption can be the most practical method for the removal of nitrate from drinking water. In this study, novel MgO, CeO2, and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were utilized for nitrate removal. The MgO, CeO2, and Zn NPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy‐energy disperse X‐ray (SEM‐EDX), and X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis. The efficiency of nitrate removal was examined through batch adsorption experiments. The influence of various parameters was studied, namely pH (3–8), temperature (15–40°C), time (10–1440 min), and liquid/solid weight ratio (L/S =25 mL/0.025 g). The optimum conditions from mentioned parameters were used in isotherm experiments with initial nitrate concentration (22–220 mg/L). The adsorption kinetics and isotherm data obeyed well Pseudo‐second‐order and linear and Freundlich models, indicating the multi layer‐chemisorption of nitrate ions. The maximum adsorption capacities of nitrate (N‐
) calculated by final point of isotherm experiments were 86.4 mg/g for MgO, 57.6 mg/g for ZnO, and 58.6 mg/g for CeO2. The thermodynamic parameters (
S°) were evaluated. From the thermodynamic parameters, it is suggested that the adsorption of nitrate on NPs followed the endothermic and spontaneous processes. The desorption potential of MgO, CeO2, and ZnO also showed the stability and reusability. Our findings also revealed that among studied NPs from this study and literature MgO NPs is potentially the best adsorbent for removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 1901–1907, 2018
Telomere erosion varies with sex and age at immune challenge but not with maternal antibodies in pigeons
Authors: Lardy Sophie , Gasparini Julien , Corbel Hélène , Frantz Adrien , Perret Samuel , Zahn Sandrine , Criscuolo Francois , Jacquin Lisa
Published: January 2018

Conditions experienced early in life have profound impact on adult fitness, and telomere erosion could be a key mechanism in this process. In particular, early exposure to parasites is a frequent phenomenon in young vertebrates, which is associated with several short‐ and long‐term costs such as telomere erosion. However, the timing of exposure to parasites during ontogeny and maternal antibodies can strongly modulate the costs of immunity, and could differentially affect telomere erosion. Here, we compared the effects of an early or late immune challenge on telomere erosion rate in male and female young feral pigeons (Columba livia) having received or not maternal antibodies. More specifically, we tested whether (i) early or late injections of antigens had different effects on nestling telomere erosion rate, (ii) whether this effect was different between male and female nestlings, and (iii) whether maternal antibodies could modulate telomere erosion rate. Our results show an interaction between sex and age at injection. Late‐injected nestlings (injected at 14 days of age) had an accelerated erosion rate compared with the early‐injected nestlings (injected at 3 days of age), and this effect was higher in females compared with the males. However, we did not find any effect of maternal antibodies on telomere erosion rate. These results suggest that the age at which an immune challenge occurs is important for telomere erosion and that sex‐specific approaches are needed to better understand the short‐term and long‐term costs of parasite exposure in young vertebrates.
Effect of Alkyl Aluminums on Ethylene Polymerization Reactions with a Cr‐V Bimetallic Catalyst
Authors: Liu Bao , Tian Zhou , Jin Yulong , Zhao Ning , Liu Boping
Published: January 2018

The effect of introducing various types of alkyl aluminums directly into the catalyst and/or in the polymerization process as cocatalyst on the efficiency of a Cr‐V bimetallic catalyst for ethylene polymerization is systematically investigated. Results indicate that polymerization activity, kinetic behavior, and polymer properties of the Cr‐V catalyst are strongly affected by using alkyl aluminums in different stages of polymerization, due to the different responses and sensitivities of the two metal centers to alkyl aluminum. When employed as cocatalyst, triisobutyl aluminum gives high activity and polyethylene with relatively low molecular weight, while diethylaluminum chloride cocatalyzes the production of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene but with very low activity. On the other hand, the pre‐reduction of the bimetallic catalyst by alkyl aluminums has a marked promotion effect on catalyst efficiency. It is suggested that the addition of alkyl aluminum to the catalyst and to the reactor as cocatalyst are more or less equivalent in their effects on the improvement of polymerization activity, but they behave in different ways to affect polymer properties.
Enteral Access Devices: Types, Function, Care, and Challenges
Authors: Lord Linda M.
Published: January 2018

Enteral access feeding devices are placed in patients who have a functional and accessible gastrointestinal (GI) tract but are not able to consume or absorb enough nutrients to sustain adequate nutrition and hydration. For many individuals, enteral nutrition support is a lifesaving modality to prevent or treat a depleted nutrient state that can lead to tissue breakdown, compromised immune function, and poor wound healing. Psychological well‐being is also affected with malnutrition and dehydration, triggering feelings of apathy, depression, fatigue, and loss of morale, negatively impacting a patient's ability for self‐care. A variety of existing devices can be placed through the nares, mouth, stomach or small intestine to provide liquid nutrition, fluids, and medications directly to the GI tract. If indicated, some of the larger‐bore devices may be used for gastric decompression and drainage. These enteral access devices need to be cared for properly to avert patient discomfort, mechanical device–related complications, and interruptions in the delivery of needed nutrients, hydration, and medications. Clinicians who seek knowledge about enteral access devices and actively participate in the selection and care of these devices will be an invaluable resource to any healthcare team. This article will review the types, care, proper positioning, and replacement schedules of the various enteral access devices, along with the prevention and troubleshooting of potential problems.
Take innovative approach to helping adult learners achieve
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: January 2018

Most higher education institutions operate the same way. Colleges and universities tell students, “We have learning to sell you.” The student will sit in the institution's classes, and the institution will certify the learning with a degree, said Ed Klonoski, president of Charter Oak State College.
Rapid Synthesis of Sub‐10 nm Hexagonal NaYF4‐Based Upconverting Nanoparticles using Therminol® 66
Authors: Hesse Julia , Klier Dennis T. , Sgarzi Massimo , Nsubuga Anne , Bauer Christoph , Grenzer Jörg , Hübner René , Wislicenus Marcus , Joshi Tanmaya , Kumke Michael U. , Stephan Holger
Published: January 2018

We report a simple one‐pot method for the rapid preparation of sub‐10 nm pure hexagonal (β‐phase) NaYF4‐based upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs). Using Therminol® 66 as a co‐solvent, monodisperse UCNPs could be obtained in unusually short reaction times. By varying the reaction time and reaction temperature, it was possible to control precisely the particle size and crystalline phase of the UCNPs. The upconversion (UC) luminescence properties of the nanocrystals were tuned by varying the concentrations of the dopants (Nd3+ and Yb3+ sensitizer ions and Er3+ activator ions). The size and phase‐purity of the as‐synthesized core and core–shell nanocrystals were assessed by using complementary transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, X‐ray diffraction, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering studies. In‐depth photophysical evaluation of the UCNPs was pursued by using steady‐state and time‐resolved luminescence spectroscopy. An enhancement in the UC intensity was observed if the nanocrystals, doped with optimized concentrations of lanthanide sensitizer/activator ions, were further coated with an inert/active shell. This was attributed to the suppression of surface‐related luminescence quenching effects.
DNAzymes: Selected for Applications
Authors: Morrison Devon , Rothenbroker Meghan , Li Yingfu
Published: January 2018

DNA‐based enzymes, also known as deoxyribozymes or DNAzymes, are single‐stranded DNA molecules with catalytic activity. DNAzymes do not exist in nature but can be isolated from random‐sequence DNA pools using in vitro selection. To date, many DNAzymes that collectively catalyze a diverse range of chemical transformations have been reported. Here, examples of new DNAzymes engineered to mimic some intriguing functions of naturally occurring protein‐based enzymes are discussed. This is followed by discussions of recent examples of a particular class of DNAzymes, known as “RNA‐cleaving DNAzymes”, that have been derived specifically so that their activity is strictly dependent on a given chemical or biological stimulus. Some unique ways to employ ligand‐responsive DNAzymes for the design of bioanalytical assays and biosensors are then highlighted. Being DNA molecules, DNAzymes have proven to be entirely compatible with DNA amplification. Several approaches are then discussed, which relay the activity of an analyte‐activated DNAzyme into the production of massive amounts of DNA amplicons, via “rolling circle amplification”, in biosensing applications designed to deliver very high levels of detection sensitivity.
RADIOCARBON DATING OF TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSITIONS: THE LATE HOLOCENE SHIFT FROM ATLATL TO BOW IN NORTHWESTERN SUBARCTIC CANADA – ERRATUM
Authors: Grund Brigid Sky , Huzurbazar Snehalata V.
Published: January 2018

The author affiliations appearing in Grund and Huzurbazar (2017) contain errors. The correct affiliations for the authors are as follows:

Brigid Sky Grund ▪ Anthropology Department, University of Wyoming, Department 3431, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, Wyoming 82071-2001.

Snehalata V. Huzurbazar ▪ Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 9190, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown WV 26506, USA.

Additionally, the sentence on page 5 reading, “Catastrophic melting events create palimpsest the upper layers of ice (Meulendyk et al. 2012), potentially introducing taphonomic bias” inadvertently omitted two words. The correct sentence is “Catastrophic melting events create a palimpsest in the upper layers of ice, potentially introducing taphonomic bias.”

The publisher apologizes for these errors.
A Gap Analysis Survey of US Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) Members to Determine Highly Infectious Disease Training and Education Needs
Authors: Le Aurora B. , Herron Rene , Herstein Jocelyn J. , Jelden Katelyn C. , Beam Elizabeth L. , Gibbs Shawn G. , Lowe John J. , Smith Todd D.
Published: January 2018

Objective

Despite lessons learned from the recent Ebola epidemic, attempts to survey and determine non-health care worker, industry-specific needs to address highly infectious diseases have been minimal. The aircraft rescue and fire fighting (ARFF) industry is often overlooked in highly infectious disease training and education, even though it is critical to their field due to elevated occupational exposure risk during their operations.

Methods

A 44-question gap analysis survey was distributed to the ARFF Working Group to determine where highly infectious education and training can be improved. In total, N=245 responses were initiated and collected. Descriptive statistics were generated utilizing Qualtrics Software Version 2016.17©.

Results

Supervisors perceived Frontline respondents to be more willing and comfortable to encounter potential highly infectious disease scenarios than the Frontline indicated. More than one-third of respondents incorrectly marked transmission routes of viral hemorrhagic fevers. There were discrepancies in self-reports on the existence of highly infectious disease orientation and skills demonstration, employee resources, and personal protective equipment policies, with a range of 7.5%-24.0% more Supervisors than Frontline respondents marking activities as conducted.

Conclusions

There are deficits in highly infectious disease knowledge, skills, and abilities among ARFF members that must be addressed to enhance member safety, health, and well-being. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:675-679)
Safety of Electro-Medical Equipment in Floods in Austere Environment
Authors: Khan Zubair Ahmed , Bhatti Ahsin M. , Akhtar Faisal
Published: January 2018

Pakistan is prone to floods. In 2010, floods in North-Western Pakistan caused devastation in wide areas. Electro-medical equipment is very expensive and without proper equipment adequate surgery is not possible. We retrospectively analyzed how expensive electro-medical equipment got damaged during floods of 2010 at a district-level hospital in North-Western Pakistan and how we could have saved this equipment or reduced the damage to the minimum. The article provides the lessons learned and recommendations aimed to prevent or minimize damage to the valuable and expensive equipment in the areas prone to floods. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:803-805)
“Bank-Wreckers, Defaulters, and Embezzlers”: America’s Popular Fear and Fascination with the Misappropriation of Bank Deposits during the Gilded Age and Progressive Era
Authors: MACKAY THOMAS A.
Published: January 2018

This article explores how “bank-wreckers, defaulters, and embezzlers” were popularly perceived during Gilded Age and Progressive Era America, and how they contributed to a broader concern over the safety of deposits and helped drive efforts to achieve greater financial security. Their actions, often described as “wrecking,” referred to instances in which a banking institution was damaged or destroyed due to the embezzlement or general misappropriation of depositor funds by bank officials or employees. Wrecking occurred inside and outside of the era’s major banking panics, and attracted popular and critical attention over this period, especially between the 1880s and the early 1910s. It is argued that this phenomenon resonated within the popular imagination, which was reflected, reinforced, and even instilled through the media, and that this helped sustain doubts on the reliability of the nation’s banks and bankers. This article shows how notions of class, character, and gender influenced how people thought about the problem: wrecking demonstrated that respectability could be illusory and that men of the era could be tempted to “get rich quick” through dubious means. Some of the major attempts to resolve the problem are also discussed to highlight how efforts to prevent wrecking relate to the period’s general push to bolster economic stability. Ultimately, the article shows how seemingly disparate events can aggregate into a larger problem, which can in turn motivate solutions and reforms.
Evaluating the Effect of a Clostridium difficile Infection Prevention Initiative in Veterans Health Administration Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: Singh Maninder B. , Evans Martin E. , Simbartl Loretta A. , Kralovic Stephen M. , Roselle Gary A.
Published: January 2018

We evaluated rates of clinically confirmed long-term-care facility-onset Clostridium difficile infections from April 2014 through December 2016 in 132 Veterans Affairs facilities after the implementation of a prevention initiative. The quarterly pooled rate decreased 36.1% from the baseline (P<.0009 for trend) by the end of the analysis period.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:343–345