bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Lysine Malonylation in Response to Salicylic Acid in the Roots of Platycodon grandiflorus
Authors: Ding Wanyue , Duan Yingying , Wang Yuqing , Fan Jizhou , Rao Weiyi , Xing Shihai
Published: February 2025

Salicylic acid, as a plant hormone, significantly affects the physiological and biochemical indexes of soluble sugar, malondialdehyde content, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in Platycodon grandiflorus. Lysine malonylation is a post-translational modification that involves various cellular functions in plants, though it is rarely studied, especially in medicinal plants. In this study, the aim was to perform a comparative quantitative proteomic study of malonylation modification on P. grandiflorus root proteins after salicylic acid treatment using Western blot with specific antibodies, affinity enrichment and LC-MS/MS analysis methods. The analysis identified 1907 malonyl sites for 809 proteins, with 414 proteins and 798 modification sites quantified with high confidence. Post-treatment, 361 proteins were upregulated, and 310 were downregulated. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that malonylation in P. grandiflorus is primarily involved in photosynthesis and carbon metabolism. Physiological and biochemical analysis showed that salicylic acid treatment increased the malondialdehyde levels, soluble protein, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase activity but did not significantly affect the total saponins content in P. grandiflorus. These findings provide an important basis for exploring the molecular mechanisms of P. grandiflorus following salicylic acid treatment and enhance understanding of the biological function of protein lysine malonylation in plants.
Healthcare Monitoring Using an Internet of Things-Based Cardio System
Authors: Georgieva-Tsaneva Galya , Cheshmedzhiev Krasimir , Tsanev Yoan-Aleksandar , Dechev Miroslav , Popovska Ekaterina
Published: February 2025

This study describes an IoT-based health monitoring system designed to notify attending physicians when necessary. The developed IoT system incorporates sensors for ECG, PPG, and temperature; a gyroscope/accelerometer; and a microcontroller. A critical analysis of existing components in these areas was conducted to ensure the IoT system’s good performance, reliability, and suitability for continuous cardiac monitoring and data processing. This study addresses the challenge of monitoring cardiac activity in patients with arrhythmias, focusing on the differences in heart rate variability (HRV) parameters between healthy individuals and those with extrasystolic arrhythmia. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of IoT-based systems using PPG and ECG sensors for cardiac data registration and HRV analysis. The system leverages time domain and frequency domain methods for HRV analysis to assess the states of the autonomic nervous system. Significant differences were observed in HRV parameters, such as the SDNN, SDANN, RMSSD, and the LF/HF ratio. The results demonstrated that both the PPG and ECG methods provide comparable HRV measurements, despite PPG’s higher susceptibility to noise. This study concludes that IoT-based monitoring systems with PPG and ECG integration can reliably detect arrhythmias and offer real-time data for cardiac care.
Cine-MRI for Quantifying Uterine Peristalsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vidal Angela , Bora Cristina , von Holzen Jeannette , Gulz Marietta , Obmann Verena C. , Pape Janna , Karrer Tanya , Yilmaz Gürkan , von Wolff Michael
Published: February 2025

Background: Uterine contractility, also known as uterine peristalsis (UP), is a critical determinant of fertility, affecting sperm transport and embryo implantation. Increased uterine peristaltic activity has been associated with reduced pregnancy rates. However, data are heterogeneous and uterine contractility has not been widely translated into clinical practice. Cine-MRI, although limited by cost and heterogeneity in data reporting, has emerged as a promising tool to assess uterine dynamics and increase our knowledge of UP in physiological and pathological conditions. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to describe patterns of UP in physiological and pathological uterine conditions, including endometriosis and fibroids, using cine-MRI. Methods: A systematic literature search of the Medline, Embase, Cochrane and CENTRAL databases and Google Scholar was conducted up to May 2024, including studies evaluating UP by cine-MRI. Clinical studies evaluating uterine contractility were included, excluding those affected by therapeutic interventions or unrelated pathologies. This meta-analysis pooled data from studies comparing uterine contractility in patients with endometriosis. Results: In the 13 included studies (365 women), uterine contractility varied significantly according to menstrual cycle phases and pathological conditions. This meta-analysis showed that women with endometriosis had higher uterine contractility in the luteal phase (0.74; 95% CI: 0.27–1.21) but not in the periovulatory phase (SMD 0.8; 95% CI: −3.78–5.37). Conclusions: Cine-MRI is a promising diagnostic tool for the analysis of UP. Endometriosis is associated with impaired UP, which may be a cause of the decreased implantation rate and infertility in endometriosis. However, further research is needed to consolidate the effect of UP on implantation and fertility and to develop standardised and cost-effective tools to assess uterine contractility and tailor infertility treatment.
Pediatric Voluntary Habitual Hip Dislocation: Clinical Characteristics, Family Dynamics, and Long-Term Outcomes—A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yılmaz Mehmet , Ulusoy İbrahim , Tantekin Mehmet Fırat , Güzel İsmail , Kıvrak Aybars
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Recurrent hip dislocations are a rare occurrence in pediatric patients. As there are few cases of voluntary habitual dislocation documented in the literature, there is a paucity of information available regarding its pathogenesis, risk factors, and classification. The prognosis for these patients is generally good. A long-term follow-up duration of two years was conducted to evaluate outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the impact of family structure and treatment approaches on outcomes. Methods: From January 2010 to December 2022, patients with voluntary habitual hip dislocation were retrospectively identified through the hospital information system. Data regarding demographic characteristics, clinical findings, and treatment outcomes were analyzed. A total of 13 patients (14 hips) met the inclusion criteria. Conservative treatment methods, including orthosis and family therapy, were applied. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the impact of family structure and treatment approaches on outcomes. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 48.7 months, with 77% of cases being female. Posterior dislocation was observed in all cases, and no underlying bone pathology was detected on imaging. The prognosis for these patients is generally good. At the one-year follow-up, 85% of patients achieved a complete resolution of dislocations, increasing to 100% by the two-year follow-up. Patients from larger families demonstrated significantly slower recovery rates at the first- and sixth-month evaluations (p = 0.033 and p = 0.048, respectively), but outcomes were comparable by one year. A unique aspect of this study is the emphasis on family dynamics, which significantly influenced treatment adherence and recovery. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the impact of family structure and treatment approaches on outcomes. Conclusions: Voluntary habitual hip dislocation is a rare condition with good long-term outcomes under conservative management. This study highlights the importance of addressing family dynamics in the treatment plan, especially in larger families, where attention and psychological factors may play a significant role in delayed recovery.
Decreased Lower Limb Phase Angle in Older People Is an Indicator of Standing and Gait Function, Regardless of Age
Authors: Homma Daisuke , Imai Norio , Miyasaka Dai , Yamato Moeko , Ishisaki Masafumi , Sugahara Tsubasa , Horigome Yoji , Suzuki Hayato , Dohmae Yoichiro , Endo Naoto , Minato Izumi , Kawashima Hiroyuki
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The phase angle (PhA), as measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), indicates muscle mass and quality. However, its relationship with age-related muscle changes and motor function and effective BIA assessment/intervention sites remains unclear. Herein, we evaluated age-related changes in PhA, explored the relationship between PhA and muscle mass, and identified effective sites for BIA. Methods: We included 131 healthy community-dwelling adults divided into older (≥65 years) and control (≤65 years) groups. PhA and muscle mass were measured using BIA with a device determining electrical resistance by transmitting a weak alternating current <90 μA. Motor function was measured using ground reaction force index, gait function, and grip strength. The relationships between muscle mass, PhA, and motor function were analyzed. Results: All values, excluding upper limb muscle mass, were lower in the older group, as were the rates of change in muscle mass and PhA in the lower limbs vs. the upper limbs. Lower limb PhA showed negative and positive correlations with the Timed Up and Go test and standing function, respectively; it was significantly associated with all motor functions. Conclusions: Regardless of age, muscle mass and PhA measured by BIA were high and low in the lower limbs, respectively, and lower limb PhA was related to walking and standing function. The decrease in lower limb muscle mass and PhA may accelerate with age. Given global population aging, easy-to-assess lower limb PhA linked to the movements necessary for independent living may be an effective site for assessment and intervention in clinical practice.
Study of Blood Biomarkers in Athletes with Lower Gastrointestinal Symptoms After an Ultra-Trail Race
Authors: Teyssier Joshua , Perbet Sébastien , Pereira Bruno , Bergzoll Stéphane , Kuentz Mathieu , Durif Julie , Sapin Vincent , Jabaudon Matthieu , Bouvier Damien
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: To investigate the value of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), D-Lactate, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), electrolytes and creatinine in athletes with lower gastrointestinal symptoms in a cohort of ultra-trailers. Methods: This is a prospective study set in the ultra-trail of Puy Mary Aurillac, a 105 km race. Athletes included were given two questionnaires to collect demographic data and clinical signs related to the race. Blood samples were also collected before and 1 h after the race. Biomarker results were interpreted according to the occurrence of exercise-induced lower gastrointestinal symptoms, and whether the race was completed or forfeited. Results: Of the 76 runners included, 35 (45.5%) presented lower gastrointestinal symptoms. Runners that presented these symptoms had significantly higher IL-10 concentrations (8.7 pg/mL (interquartile range (IQR): 4.2–1.6)) when compared to runners without symptoms (4.8 pg/mL (IQR: 2.4–9)) (p = 0.01). The pre/post-race amplitude of IL-1Ra variation was greater in the group of runners with lower gastrointestinal symptoms (median: +231% (IQR: 169–551)) compared to runners without symptoms (median: +172% (IQR: 91–393)) (p = 0.04). Finally, the 13 (16.9%) runners who forfeited the race displayed lower AST (p < 0.001), LDH (p = 0.002) and IL-6 (p = 0.002) concentrations, compared to runners who finished the race. These lower concentrations were independent from running time. Conclusions: IL-10 and IL-1Ra could be associated with the occurrence of lower gastrointestinal symptoms.
Enhanced Palatal Wound Healing with Leucocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin After Free Gingival Graft Harvesting: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Gulsever Serap , Uckan Sina
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Autogenous palatal free gingival graft (FGG) harvesting presents challenges for patients due to the increased risk of postoperative morbidity related to a second intraoral surgical wound that heals with secondary intention. This parallel-group, randomized, controlled, open-label trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the application of leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) membrane to the palatal donor site on wound healing, hemostasis, and pain control after FGG harvesting. Methods: Twenty-eight adult patients with insufficient attached gingiva underwent soft tissue augmentation using FGG harvested from the palate at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Baskent University, Turkey. Patients were randomized to either an L-PRF group or a control group. In the L-PRF group, the L-PRF membrane was sutured to the donor sites, whereas in the control group, donor sites healed by secondary intention. Postoperative evaluations were conducted on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 and at weeks 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Donor sites were evaluated clinically for pain, burning sensation, bleeding, wound healing, and color match to adjacent tissues. Donor site wound areas were analyzed using digital images. Results: Two patients were excluded from the analysis due to loss of contact, leaving 26 (n = 13, n = 13) patients for analysis. Donor site pain and burning sensation were significantly lower in the L-PRF group compared to the control group during the first two postoperative weeks (p < 0.001). Bleeding was significantly lower in the L-PRF group on postoperative days 1 and 3 (p < 0.001). Clinical healing index scores were significantly higher in the L-PRF group at weeks 3 and 4 (p < 0.001). Additionally, palatal wound area reductions from baseline were significantly greater in the L-PRF group at all follow-up intervals (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The application of an L-PRF membrane to palatal donor wounds after FGG harvesting significantly reduces postoperative pain, decreases bleeding, and accelerates healing, providing a valuable autologous biomaterial for enhanced wound healing and improved patient comfort.
Comparison of Photochemically Sealed Commercial Biomembranes for Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Bejar-Chapa Maria , Rossi Nicolò , King Nicholas C. , Kostyra David M. , Hussey Madison R. , McGuire Kalyn R. , Randolph Mark A. , Redmond Robert W. , Winograd Jonathan M.
Published: February 2025

Peripheral nerve injuries affect 13–23 per 100,000 people annually in the U.S. and often result in motor and sensory deficits. Microsurgical suture repair (SR) is the standard treatment but is technically challenging and associated with complications. Photochemical tissue bonding (PTB), which uses light and a photoactivated dye to bond collagenous tissues, offers a promising alternative. We compared PTB with commercially available collagen membranes for SR and PTB using cryopreserved human amnion (HAM) in a rat sciatic nerve transection model. In total, 75 Lewis rats underwent nerve repair with one of five methods: SR, PTB-HAM, PTB with commercial collagenous membranes (human amnion monolayer (AML), human amnion–chorion–amnion trilayer (ATL), or swine intestinal submucosa (SIS)). Functional recovery was assessed with walking tracks and the Static Sciatic Index (SSI) at days 30, 60, 90, and 120; histological evaluations at days 30 and 120 examined inflammation, axon density, and fascicle structure. No significant differences in SSI scores were found between groups, though PTB-AML and PTB-SIS improved over time. Histology showed inflammation at day 30 that decreased by day 120. Histomorphometry revealed similar axon regeneration across groups. These results suggest that PTB with commercial membranes is a viable alternative to SR.
Combined Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Elastic Taping Improves Ankle Range of Motion Equivalent to Static Stretching in Untrained Subjects
Authors: Ito Riyaka , Igawa Tatsuya , Urata Ryunosuke , Ito Shomaru , Suzuki Kosuke , Takahashi Hiroto , Toda Mika , Fujita Mio , Kubo Akira
Published: February 2025

Background/Objective: Maintaining sufficient ankle joint range of motion (ROM) contributes to efficient movement in sports and daily activities. Static stretching (SS), while effective, demands significant time, highlighting the need for alternative, time-efficient approaches to improve ROM. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combined intervention (CI) using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and elastic tape versus SS. Methods: This randomized crossover trial was conducted in healthy university students. They underwent both interventions with a 1-week washout period. The CI entailed the application of elastic tape to the plantar surface of the foot coupled with NMES targeting the posterior lower leg muscles for 1 min. SS was administered for 5 min using a tilt table. Outcome measures included the dorsiflexion angle (DFA), finger-floor distance (FFD), straight leg raise (SLR) angle, plantar flexor strength (PFS), and knee flexor strength (KFS), assessed pre- and post-intervention. DFA was analyzed using equivalence testing with a predefined margin. Results: Both interventions yielded significant improvements in DFA, FFD, and SLR. The combination of NMES and elastic tape demonstrated equivalence to 5 min of SS in enhancing DFA. Neither intervention resulted in a significant reduction in PFS or KFS. Conclusions: The CI of NMES and elastic tape effectively and safely improves flexibility in a short time. Its time efficiency makes it a promising alternative to SS, especially for brief warm-ups or limited rehabilitation time. Further research should explore its long-term effects and broader applicability.
Storm Surge Clusters, Multi-Peak Storms and Their Effect on the Performance of the Maeslant Storm Surge Barrier (The Netherlands)
Authors: Bakker Alexander M. R. , Rovers Dion L. T. , Mooyaart Leslie F.
Published: February 2025

Storm surge barriers are crucial for the flood protection of the Netherlands and other deltas. In the Netherlands, the reliability of flood defenses is typically assessed based on extreme water levels and wave height statistics. Yet, in the case of operated flood defenses, such as storm surge barriers, the temporal clustering of successive events may be just as important. This study investigates the evolution and associated flood risk of clusters of successive storm tide peaks at the Maeslant Storm Surge Barrier in the Netherlands. Two mechanisms are considered. Multi-peak storm surge events, as a consequence of tidal movement on top of the surge, are studied by means of stochastic storm tide events. Clusters of storm tides resulting from different, but related storms are investigated by means of time series analysis of a long sea-level record. We conclude that the tendency of extreme storm tide peaks to cluster is especially related to the seasonality in storm activity. In the current situation, the occurrence of clusters of storm tide peaks have only a minor influence of the flood risk in the area behind the Maeslant Storm Surge Barrier. We envision, however, that this influence is likely to increase with sea-level rise. The numbers are, however, uncertain due to the strong sensitivity to assumptions, model choices and the applied data set. More insight into the statistics of the time evolution of extreme sea water levels is needed to better understand and ultimately to reduce these uncertainties.
Quantitative Assessment of Vessel Traffic Service Center Workload: Development and Validation of the Vessel Traffic Service Operator Workload Index (VOWI)
Authors: Shin Gil-Ho , Song Chae-Uk , Kim Daewon
Published: February 2025

This study addresses the critical challenge of lacking quantitative measures for objective evaluation of vessel traffic service (VTS) operator workload, where current uniform staffing approaches fail to reflect center-specific operational characteristics. The VTS Operator Workload Index (VOWI) model was developed using the Delphi–AHP methodology to determine the relative importance of key factors including traffic, sea area characteristics, port facilities, and weather conditions, which formed the basis for calculating both center-wide and per-operator workload indices. Factor analysis revealed that traffic factors showed the highest importance at 0.4627, followed by sea area (0.1960), port facilities (0.1916), and weather (0.1497) factors. Application of the VOWI model to 19 VTS centers in South Korea demonstrated that per-operator workload at Busan, Incheon, and Ulsan VTS was up to three times higher than at other centers. This finding indicates that the current uniform staffing approach based on sector count inadequately reflects each center’s actual operational characteristics. The VOWI model provides objective criteria for efficient personnel management in VTS centers and is expected to contribute to improving VTS service quality.
A Low-Power Consumption Deepwater Subsea Electric Gate Valve Actuator, Part A: Prototype and Test
Authors: Zhang Wenlong , Jia Peng , Zheng Huailiang , Wang Gang , Wang Tao , Wang Xiangyu , Yun Feihong , Wu Mengxuan
Published: February 2025

All-electric systems represent the current development trend in subsea control systems, and the subsea electric gate valve actuator is the core equipment item in all-electric subsea control systems. To solve the problems of the traditional subsea electric gate valve actuator with low safety, poor reliability, and high energy consumption, in this paper, a new subsea electric gate valve actuator configuration concept is proposed, where the actuator has a redundant drive, a low-power holding function, a fail-safe shutdown mechanism, an emergency operation capability, and other functions. An actuator prototype was developed, an actuator integration test system was constructed, and the prototype actuator was combined with a standard subsea gate valve, an all-electric subsea control module, and other equipment to conduct several functional tests. The test results show that the actuator functions and performance indicators meet the designed requirements. Compared with the existing actuators, in addition to high reliability and safety, the driving power consumption can be reduced by 5% and holding power consumption can be reduced by 40%.
Preliminary Investigation of the Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Vertical Dynamics of Internal Solitary Waves in the South China Sea from SWOT Data
Authors: Pan Zhikuan , Zhai Zhenhe , Li Qi , Li Qianqian , Wu Lin , Bao Lifeng
Published: February 2025

Internal waves are crucial for understanding oceanographic parameters such as spatiotemporal distribution and energy transfer. They significantly impact ocean circulation, marine ecosystems, and offshore operations. However, studying internal waves is challenging due to their dynamic nature and the need for effective observation methods. This study investigated nonlinear internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the South China Sea using SSHa data from the SWOT satellite mission (Cycles 2 to 20). The distribution patterns and seasonal variations in ISWs were analyzed, revealing that ISWs are more frequently observed in summer while being rarely detected in winter. By combining SSHa observations with a Mode-1 vertical structure model, the isopycnal displacement, velocity fields, and energy characteristics of ISWs were reconstructed. The results show a maximum isopycnal displacement of 160 m at 400 m depth and peak kinetic energy near the surface (~2000 J/m3) and potential energy at a depth of around 300 m (~9000 J/m3). These findings highlight the vertical variability of ISWs and demonstrate the capability of SWOT data in capturing their fine-scale evolution, providing new opportunities for oceanic research and enhancing our understanding of internal waves’ impact on marine environments and ocean circulation.
Evaluation of Hand Function Using Relative Motion Extension Concept (with or Without Night Wrist Orthosis) or Dynamic Extension Orthosis for Extensor Tendon Injuries in Zones 4–6—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bojnec Vida , Vidmar Jerneja , Sužnik Zvezdana , Orož Koprivnik Aleksandra , Špes Škrlec Milena , Frangež Maša , Majdič Neža , Vidmar Gaj , Jesenšek Papež Breda
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to compare outcomes of early active motion (EAM) using the relative motion extension (RME) approach to outcomes of early passive motion (EPM) with a dynamic extension orthosis (DEO) and to evaluate whether the RME-only approach is equivalent to the RME-plus approach. Fifty adults were randomized into one of the three intervention groups receiving the DEO, RME only, or RME plus orthosis. The score of the Jebsen–Taylor hand function test (JTHFT) without writing and QuickDASH at T1, all measures of mobility at T1 and T2, and grip strength were better in the RME-only and RME-plus group compared to the DEO group, whereas the values of Patient Evaluation Measure (PEM) at T1 and T2, as well as QuickDASH score at T2, orthosis adherence, and the patient’s comfort while wearing the orthoses did not statistically significantly differ among the three groups. The RME concept after extensor tendon injuries in zones 4–6 is superior to the DEO protocol in terms of earlier regain of hand function. The DEO and RME protocols were equivalent regarding patients’ adherence and satisfaction with the orthosis. We found no differences in the RME-plus and RME-only protocols, indicating the safe use of the RME-only protocol in single extensor tendon injuries in zones 4–6.
Molecular Dynamics Investigation of the Diffusion Mechanisms and Thermodynamic Behaviors in Warm Mix Recycled Asphalt Binders with and Without Rejuvenators
Authors: Hu Qisheng , Zhang Derun , Xu Peixin
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the employment of rejuvenators and warm mix asphalt (WMA) additives for reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has been recognized as a popular approach to increase the recycling rate of waste materials and promote the sustainable development of pavement engineering. However, the composition of warm mix recycled asphalt binder is complicated, and the microstructural changes brought about by the rejuvenators and WMA additives are critical in determining its macroscopic mechanical properties. This research focuses on the atomic modeling of the rejuvenators and WMA additives diffusion behavior of the warm mix recycled asphalt binder. The objective is to reveal the thermodynamic performance and diffusion mechanism of the WMA binder under the dual presence of rejuvenators and WMA additives. Three types of mutual diffusion systems (Aged and oil + virgin + wax, Aged + virgin + wax, and Aged and oil + virgin) were established, respectively, for a comparative investigation of the glass transition temperature, viscosity, thermodynamics, free volume, and diffusion behavior. The results indicate a 44.27% and 31.33% decrease in the glass transition temperature and apparent viscosity, respectively, after the incorporation of 5% oil rejuvenators in the Aged + virgin + wax asphalt binder, demonstrating the improved cracking resistance and construction workability. The presence of the RAP binder and organic WMA additives raised the cohesion of the asphalt binder and decreased self-healing ability and free volume, and these detrimental influences can be offset by the introduction of rejuvenators. The combined use of rejuvenators and organic WMA additives remarkably enhanced the de-agglomeration to asphaltenes, stimulated the activity of aged RAP macromolecular components, and ultimately improved the blending efficiency of virgin binders with the overall structure of RAP binders.
A New Type of Self-Compacting Recycled Pervious Concrete Under Sulfate Drying–Wetting Exposure
Authors: Yan Xiancui , He Zimo , Xia Qun , Zhao Cen , Zhu Pinghua , Zong Meirong , Hua Minqi
Published: February 2025

Traditional pervious concrete poses significant challenges in optimizing both mechanical properties and permeability. To address this issue, a novel type of self-compacting recycled pervious concrete (SCRPC) featuring vertical and penetrating channels has been developed. The vertical channels were created by pulling out the reinforcement in the pre-drilled holes that were artificially created in the mold, after the concrete had been poured. However, whether this concrete has superior durability and can be employed in different sulfate drying–wetting situations remains to be investigated. This study explored the sulfate resistance and permeability of SCRPC under five drying–wetting exposure regimes: full soaking in Na2SO4 solution with drying–wetting ratios of 3:18, 9:12, and 18:3; semi-soaking in Na2SO4 solution; and full soaking in MgSO4 solution. The results showed that the SCRPC soaked in MgSO4 solution suffered the largest compressive strength loss (13.4%) after 150 drying–wetting cycles. Furthermore, as the drying–wetting ratio increased, the sulfate degradation of the SCRPC increased. Despite the comparable relative dynamic modulus of elasticity of SCRPC after full soaking (95.54%) and semi-soaking (92.89%), ettringite and gypsum were identified as the predominant sulfate deterioration products of SCRPC, respectively. In contrast to the two stages for traditional pervious concrete, the effective porosity of SCRPC was divided into three stages during sulfate attack: an initial rapid decline stage, a subsequent increase stage, and a final slow decline stage. The permeability coefficient of SCRPC varied from 6.00 to 6.82 mm/s under different sulfate drying–wetting exposures. In summary, SCRPC has superior sulfate resistance and permeability, and it could be more applicable in environments containing Na2SO4 compared to MgSO4. This study provides basic data for the enhancement and application of pervious concrete with artificial vertical and penetrating channels.
Identification of Dynamic Recrystallization Model Parameters for 40CrMnMoA Alloy Steel Using the Inverse Optimization Method
Authors: Chen Xuewen , Li Qiang , Liu Bingqi , Zhao Shiqi , Sun Lei , Yi Hao
Published: February 2025

The microstructure of 40CrMnMoA during hot forging determines its macroscopic mechanical properties. Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior is commonly used to refine grains and improve the microstructure of materials; therefore, it is important to be able to predict mechanical behavior during hot forging and the microstructure evolution during dynamic recrystallization. In order to accurately determine the DRX model parameters of 40CrMnMoA steel, an inverse optimization method is proposed in this work. The uniaxial isothermal compression experiment of 40CrMnMoA steel was carried out on a Gleeble-1500D thermal simulation tester (Dynamic Systems Inc. (DSI), Poestenkill, NY, USA) under the temperature range of 900~1200 °C and the strain rate range of 0.005 to 5 s−1. Based on the true stress–strain data obtained by a compression test, the DRX model of 40CrMnMoA was initially established using the traditional averaging method. Subsequently, the DRX model parameters calculated by the conventional averaging method were used as the initial values, the mean-square error between the experimental and calculated values of the DRX volume fraction was set as the objective function, and the DRX model parameters were optimized by the adaptive simulated annealing (ASA) algorithm. By comparing the correlation coefficient R, average absolute relative error (AARE), and the root mean square error (RMSE) of the predicted DRX percentage with the experimental values before and after optimization, it was found that the optimized model achieved an R-value of 0.992, with AARE and RMSE decreased by 34% and 2%, respectively, which verified the accuracy of the optimized DRX model. Through the program’s secondary development, the optimized DRX model of 40CrMnMoA was integrated into finite element software Forge® 3.2 to simulate the isothermal compression process. The comparison between grain size from the central region of simulation results and actual samples revealed that the relative error is less than 3%. This result demonstrated that the inverse optimization method can accurately identify the DRX model parameters of 40CrMnMoA alloy steel.
Systematic Review of the Quality of Stereolithographic Three-Dimensionally Printed Materials for Provisional Dental Restorations
Authors: Danila Alexandra Ioana , Breban-Schwarzkopf Daniel , Daescu Ecaterina , Olariu Iustin , Dinu Stefania
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: The use of stereolithographic (SLA) 3D printing technology in dentistry has expanded, particularly for the fabrication of provisional dental restorations. Understanding the mechanical properties and quality of SLA 3D-printed materials is essential to ensure clinical success and patient safety. This systematic review aims to critically evaluate and summarize the available evidence on the mechanical properties and quality of SLA 3D-printed materials. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science up to October 2024. Studies comparing the mechanical properties of SLA 3D-printed provisional restoration materials with those of milled, conventional, or other additive manufacturing methods were included. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Data on flexural strength, hardness, fracture resistance, surface roughness, marginal adaptation, accuracy, cement film thickness, shear bond strength, and biofilm formation were extracted and analyzed. Results: The findings from the included studies indicate that SLA 3D-printed materials exhibit varied mechanical properties. Some studies reported that SLA 3D-printed resins had significantly lower flexural strength and hardness compared to milled PMMA and bis-acrylic resins. Other studies found that SLA 3D-printed resins showed clinically acceptable marginal adaptation, surface roughness, and fracture strength comparable to those fabricated by subtractive manufacturing and conventional methods. In terms of accuracy, build orientation influenced the dimensional accuracy of SLA-printed restorations. Studies assessing cement film thickness found that SLA-printed provisional restorations had higher cement film thickness compared to other materials. Regarding repairability and fatigue resistance, limitations were observed in some SLA resins. Conclusions: The mechanical properties and quality of SLA 3D-printed materials for provisional dental restorations vary among studies. While SLA technology holds promise for efficient fabrication of provisional restorations, inconsistencies in material properties suggest a need for further research to optimize materials and printing parameters. Standardization of protocols is necessary to ensure reliable clinical performance of SLA 3D-printed provisional restorations.
Vibration Control of AFG Beam with Moving Load in Thermal Environment
Authors: Xu Xi , Wang Yuewu
Published: February 2025

Forced vibrations resulting from moving loads, along with efficient vibration control, are essential in transportation engineering, earthquake engineering, and aerospace engineering. In this study, the vibrational response of an axially functionally graded (AFG) beam subjected to a moving harmonic load within a thermal environment was investigated. The primary aim was to explore the potential of controlling this vibration by incorporating a nonlinear energy sink (NES). A model for the AFG beam, with clamped–clamped boundary conditions, was developed using Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and the Lagrange method, accounting for the effects of the thermal environment and the moving load. The numerical simulations were performed using the Newmark method to solve the governing equations. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the NES in mitigating the vibrational response of the beam under thermal and dynamic loading conditions. The effective reduction of maximum deflection caused by moving loads was set as the optimization objective to identify the most optimal parameters of the NES. The results were presented through a series of parameter analyses, revealing that the nonlinear damper can quickly dissipate the beam’s energy when the loads exit the structure. Furthermore, a properly designed NES can result in a 2.4-fold increase in suppression efficiency.
A Q-Learning Based Target Coverage Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Xiong Peng , He Dan , Lu Tiankun
Published: February 2025

To address the problems of unclear node activation strategy and redundant feasible solutions in solving the target coverage of wireless sensor networks, a target coverage algorithm based on deep Q-learning is proposed to learn the scheduling strategy of nodes for wireless sensor networks. First, the algorithm abstracts the construction of feasible solutions into a Markov decision process, and the smart body selects the activated sensor nodes as discrete actions according to the network environment. Second, the reward function evaluates the merit of the smart body’s choice of actions in terms of the coverage capacity of the activated nodes and their residual energy. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm intelligences are able to stabilize their gains after 2500 rounds of learning and training under the specific designed states, actions and reward mechanisms, corresponding to the convergence of the proposed algorithm. It can also be seen that the proposed algorithm is effective under different network sizes, and its network lifetime outperforms the three greedy algorithms, the maximum lifetime coverage algorithm and the self-adaptive learning automata algorithm. Moreover, this advantage becomes more and more obvious with the increase in network size, node sensing radius and carrying initial energy.
RCDi: Robust Causal Direction Inference Using INUS-Inspired Asymmetry with the Solomonoff Prior
Authors: Zhao Ling , Chen Zhe , Luo Qinyao , He Silu , Li Haifeng
Published: February 2025

Investigating causal interactions between entities is a crucial task across various scientific domains. The traditional causal discovery methods often assume a predetermined causal direction, which is problematic when prior knowledge is insufficient. Identifying causal directions from observational data remains a key challenge. Causal discovery typically relies on two priors: the uniform prior and the Solomonoff prior. The Solomonoff prior theoretically outperforms the uniform prior in determining causal directions in bivariate scenarios by using the causal independence mechanism assumption. However, this approach has two main issues: it assumes that no unobserved variables affect the outcome, leading to method failure if violated, and it relies on the uncomputable Kolmogorov complexity (KC). In addition, we employ Kolmogorov’s structure function to analyze the use of the minimum description length (MDL) as an approximation for KC, which shows that the function class used for computing the MDL introduces prior biases, increasing the risk of misclassification. Inspired by the insufficient but necessary part of an unnecessary but sufficient condition (INUS condition), we propose an asymmetry where the expected complexity change in the cause, due to changes in the effect, is greater than the reverse. This criterion supplements the causal independence mechanism when its restrictive conditions are not met under the Solomonoff prior. To mitigate prior bias and reduce misclassification risk, we introduce a multilayer perceptron based on the universal approximation theorem as the backbone network, enhancing method stability. Our approach demonstrates a competitive performance against the SOTA methods on the TCEP real dataset. Additionally, the results on synthetic datasets show that our method maintains stability across various data generation mechanisms and noise distributions. This work advances causal direction determination research by addressing the limitations of the existing methods and offering a more robust and stable approach.
The Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelics in Treating Substance Use Disorders: A Review of Clinical Trials
Authors: Hogea Lavinia , Tabugan Dana Cătălina , Costea Iuliana , Albai Oana , Nussbaum Laura , Cojocaru Adriana , Corsaro Leonardo , Anghel Teodora
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Substance use disorders (SUDs) affect millions worldwide. Despite increasing drug use, treatment options remain limited. Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT), integrating psychedelic substances with psychotherapy, offers a promising alternative by addressing underlying neural mechanisms. Materials and Methods: This review’s purpose is to investigate the current understanding of psychedelic therapy for treating SUDs, including tobacco, alcohol, and drug addiction. The systematic review approach focused on clinical trials and randomized controlled trials conducted from 2013 to 2023. The search was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Consensus AI, following PRISMA guidelines. Studies involving psychedelics like LSD, psilocybin, ibogaine, and ayahuasca for treating various addictions were included, excluding naturalistic studies and reviews. Results: Our results highlight the key findings from 16 clinical trials investigating psychedelic therapy for SUDs. Psychedelics like psilocybin and ayahuasca showed promise in reducing alcohol and tobacco dependence, with psilocybin being particularly effective in decreasing cravings and promoting long-term abstinence. The studies revealed significant improvements in substance use reduction, especially when combined with psychotherapy. However, the variability in dosages and study design calls for more standardized approaches. These findings emphasize the potential of psychedelics in SUD treatment, though further large-scale research is needed to validate these results and develop consistent protocols. Conclusions: This research reviewed the past decade’s international experience, emphasizing the growing potential of psychedelic therapy in treating SUDs pertaining to alcohol, tobacco, and cocaine dependence. Psychedelics such as psilocybin and ketamine can reduce cravings and promote psychological well-being, especially when combined with psychotherapy. However, regulatory barriers and specialized clinical training are necessary to integrate these therapies into mainstream addiction treatment safely. Psychedelics offer a promising alternative for those unresponsive to conventional methods.
Advances in Ceramic–Carbonate Dual-Phase Membrane Reactors for Direct CO2 Separation and Utilization
Authors: Kang Xue , Yang Qing , Ma Jiajie , Sun Qiangchao , Cheng Hongwei
Published: February 2025

Excessive (carbon dioxide) CO2 emissions are a primary factor contributing to climate change. As one of the crucial technologies for alleviating CO2 emissions, carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technology has attracted considerable global attention. Technologies for capturing CO2 in extreme circumstances are indispensable for regulating CO2 levels in industrial processes. The unique separation characteristics of the ceramic–carbonate dual-phase (CCDP) membranes are increasingly employed for CO2 separation at high temperatures due to their outstanding chemical, thermal durability, and mechanical strength. This paper presents an overview of CO2 capture approaches and materials. It also elaborates on the research progress of three types of CCDP membranes with distinct permeation mechanisms, concentrating on their principles, materials, and structures. Additionally, several typical membrane reactors, such as the dry reforming of methane (DRM) and reverse water–gas shift (RWGS), are discussed to demonstrate how captured CO2 can function as a soft oxidant, converting feedstocks into valuable products through oxidation pathways designed within a single reactor. Finally, the future challenges and prospects of high-temperature CCDP membrane technologies and their related reactors are proposed.
Advances in Lightweight Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Rey Pilar , González-Doncel Gaspar
Published: February 2025

Metal matrix composites, MMCs, are materials that combine the attractive properties of metals and those of a reinforcing phase [...]
Wear Resistance and Failure Mode of Coatings Based on the ZrN System with the Introduction of Ti, Nb, and Hf Deposited on a Titanium Alloy Substrate
Authors: Grigoriev Sergey , Sotova Catherine , Metel Alexander , Zhylinski Valery , Milovich Filipp , Seleznev Anton , Xue Yanpeng , Vereschaka Alexey
Published: February 2025

The article presents the results of a comparison of the wear resistance of coatings with a two-layer architecture (adhesion layer–wear-resistant layer) of Zr-ZrN, Zr-(Zr,Ti)N, Zr,Hf-(Zr,Hf)N, Zr,Nb-(Zr,Nb)N, Zr,Hf-(Ti,Zr,Hf)N, and Zr,Nb-(Ti,Zr,Nb)N coatings, deposited on a titanium alloy substrate. The wear resistance was studied using two different counterbodies: Al2O3 and steel. When in contact with the Al2O3 counterbodies, the best wear resistance was demonstrated by samples with Zr,Hf-(Zr,Hf)N and Zr,Nb-(Zr,Nb,Ti)N coatings. In tests conducted in contact with the steel counterbody, the best resistance was demonstrated by samples with Zr-ZrN and Zr,Hf-(Ti,Zr,Hf)N coatings. The wear resistance of samples with (Zr,Hf)N and (Zr,Nb,Ti)N coatings was 2.5–3.3 times higher than that of the uncoated sample. The Zr,Nb adhesion layer ensures better adhesion of the coating to the substrate. It was found that not only the adhesion strength of the adhesion layer to the substrate and coating is of significant importance but also the strength of the adhesion layer itself. The surface film of titanium oxide must be completely etched off to ensure maximum strength of the adhesive bond between the coating and the substrate. It has been established that the adhesion of the coating and the titanium substrate is also affected by the characteristics of the outer (wear-resistant) coating layer, which is the composition and structure of the wear-resistant coating layer. Delamination can occur both at the boundary of the adhesive layer with the substrate and at the boundary of the wear-resistant and adhesive layers of the coating depending on the strength of the adhesive bonds in the corresponding pair. It is necessary to ensure a good combination of properties both in the substrate–adhesion layer system and in the adhesion layer–wear-resistant layer system.
Early Diagnosis and Monitoring of Adaptive Immune Response in a Cohort of Mild Mpox Patients During the 2022 Wave
Authors: Caldrer Sara , Accordini Silvia , Donini Annalisa , Gianesini Natasha , Matucci Andrea , Mori Antonio , Mazzi Cristina , Cordioli Maddalena , Tacconelli Evelina , Ronzoni Niccolò , Angheben Andrea , Piubelli Chiara , Gobbi Federico , Castilletti Concetta
Published: February 2025

Our study wanted to describe the kinetics of serological and adaptive immune responses in mpox patients. Methods: Fourteen patients with laboratory-confirmed mpox were tested at different time points after the symptom onset. An immunofluorescence assay was performed to evaluate the seroconversion kinetics of specific IgA, IgM, and IgG. Moreover, the characterization of the adaptive immunological profile of T- and B-cells was performed. Results: The antibody kinetics revealed the faster and more effective seroconversion of specific IgA than IgM. Moreover, we detected an increase in Active memory B cells and CD8+ cells in the early phases of infection, and a reduction in CD4+ T-cells in the mpox patients with respect to the controls and found the presence of higher levels of Treg cells in the HIV+ patients in the early phase of infection. Conclusion: Our data highlight the relevance of specific IgA testing early after the symptom onset, suggesting a possible role as a marker in early diagnosis, especially in close contact subjects. Furthermore, the different maturation states of effector cells in HIV+ patients, together with high Treg levels, may lead us to better understand the role of MPXV-HIV co-infection and identify potential cellular markers to monitor the excessive immune activation involved in mpox disease progression.