bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid, Efficient, and Modular Generation of Adenoviral Vectors via Isothermal Assembly
Authors: Yang Yong , Chi Yudan , Tang Xinying , Ertl Hildegund C.J. , Zhou Dongming
Published: January 2016

Adenoviral vectors have yielded promising results as carriers for gene transfer and vaccines in basic research and clinical applications. However, most common procedures to construct adenoviral vectors and manipulate adenovirus (Ad) genomes are complex and labor‐intensive. An easy and detailed protocol for the rapid, efficient, and modular generation of chimpanzee Ad serotype 68 (AdC68) as a molecular clone via isothermal assembly, which directionally assembles multiple DNA fragments in a single isothermal reaction without restriction enzymes or ligases, is presented. Any serotype of adenovirus with the sequence of genome known can be constructed as a molecular clone by this method. Recombinant adenoviral vectors can be created via one‐step isothermal assembly in <3 days, and recombinant Ads can be rescued within 8 days. This protocol is practical for manipulations of Ad genomes, because an entire Ad genome can be divided into specific fragments within modular plasmids. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Trends of daily peak wind gusts in Spain and Portugal, 1961–2014
Authors: Azorin‐Molina Cesar , Guijarro Jose‐A. , McVicar Tim R. , Vicente‐Serrano Sergio M. , Chen Deliang , Jerez Sonia , Espírito‐Santo Fátima
Published: January 2016

Given the inconsistencies of wind gust trends under the widespread decline in near‐surface wind speed (stilling), our study aimed to assess trends of observed daily peak wind gusts (DPWG) across Spain and Portugal for 1961–2014 by analyzing trends of (i) the frequency (90th percentile) and (ii) the magnitude (wind speed maxima) of DPWG. Wind gust series were homogenized on a daily basis, using MM5‐simulated series as reference, resulting in 80 suitable station‐based data sets. The average DPWG 90th percentile frequency declined by −1.49 d decade−1(p < 0.05) annually. This showed marked seasonal differences: decreasing in winter (−0.75 d decade−1;p < 0.05) and increasing in summer (+0.18 d decade−1;p > 0.10). A negligible trend was calculated for the annual magnitude of DPWG (−0.005 m s−1decade−1;p > 0.10), with distinct seasonality: declining in winter (−0.168 m s−1decade−1;p < 0.10) and increasing in summer (+0.130 m s−1decade−1;p < 0.05). Combined, these results reveal less frequent and declining DPWG during the cold semester (November–April) and more frequent and increasing DPWG during the warm semester (May–October). Large‐scale atmospheric changes such as the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (negative correlations ~−0.4–−0.6;p < 0.05) and the Jenkinson and Collison scheme (positive correlations mainly with Westerly regime: ~+0.5–0.6;p < 0.05) partly account for the decadal fluctuations of both frequency and magnitude of DPWG, particularly in winter. However, the North Atlantic Oscillation index‐DPWG relationships are smaller in spring, summer, and autumn (~−0.1–−0.2;p > 0.10), especially for the frequency, suggesting the role of local‐to‐mesoscale drivers.
Naphtho[1,2‐c:5,6‐c′]bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole‐Containing π‐Conjugated Compound: Nonfullerene Electron Acceptor for Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Chatterjee Shreyam , Ie Yutaka , Karakawa Makoto , Aso Yoshio
Published: January 2016

The development of nonfullerene acceptor materials applicable to organic photovoltaics (OPVs) has attracted considerable attention for the achievement of a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in recent years. However, it is still challenging due to the insufficiency of both the variety of effective electron‐deficient units and certain guidelines for the design of such materials. This work focusses on naphtho[1,2‐c:5,6‐c′]bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole (NTz) as a key electron‐deficient unit. Therefore, a new electron‐accepting π‐conjugated compound (NTz‐Np), whose structure is based on the combination of NTz and the fluorene‐containing imide‐annelated terminal units (Np), is designed and synthesized. The NTz‐Np compound exhibits a narrow optical energy gap (1.73 eV), a proper energy level (−3.60 eV) of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and moderate electron mobility (1.6 × 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1), indicating that NTz‐Np has appropriate characteristics as an acceptor against poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT), a representative donor. OPV devices based on NTz‐Np under the blend with P3HT show high photovoltaic performance with a PCE of 2.81%, which is the highest class among the P3HT/nonfullerene‐based OPVs with the conventional device structure. This result indicates that NTz unit can be categorized as a potential electron‐deficient unit for the nonfullerene acceptors.
Micro‐ and Nanostructured Biomaterials for Sutureless Tissue Repair
Authors: Frost Samuel J. , Mawad D. , Hook J. , Lauto Antonio
Published: January 2016

Sutureless procedures for wound repair and closure have recently integrated nanostructured devices to improve their effectiveness and clinical outcome. This review highlights the major advances in gecko‐inspired bioadhesives that relies mostly on van der Waals bonding forces. These are challenged by the moist environment of surgical settings that weaken adherence to tissue. The incorporation of nanoparticles in biomatrices and their role in tissue repair and drug delivery is also reviewed with an emphasis on procedures involving adhesives that are laser‐activated. Nanostructured adhesive devices have the advantage of being minimally invasive to tissue, can seal wounds, and deliver drugs in situ. All these tasks are very difficult to accomplish by sutures or staples that are invasive to host organs and often cause scarring.
The Effects of Poly(amide–imide)/SiO2 Nanocomposite Containing N‐Trimellitylimido‐l‐Methionine Diacid as a Filler on the Thermal and Morphological Properties of Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) Composites
Authors: Mallakpour Shadpour , Marefatpour Fateme
Published: January 2016

In this article, a simple ultrasonic irradiation method for preparing novel poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/poly(amide–imide)‐SiO2 nanocomposites (PVP/PAI‐SiO2 NC)s is reported. For this purpose, PAI‐SiO2 NC as a filler was embedded in PVP. The presence of incorporated filler into the PVP matrix is established by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The filler has an average particle size of 10–20 nm as observed by TEM. The FE‐SEM images show that the filler was uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis results showed that the addition of filler favored the enhancement of thermal stability of PVP/PAI‐SiO2 NCs.
Lung transplantation is increasingly common among patients with coal workers’ pneumoconiosis
Authors: Blackley David J. , Halldin Cara N. , Cummings Kristin J. , Laney A. Scott
Published: January 2016

Background

The prevalence of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP) in U.S. coal miners has increased, and severe presentations are increasingly common.

Methods

We describe trends in lung transplantation during 1996–2014 for recipients with a primary diagnosis of CWP or pneumoconiosis unspecified, and we summarize recipient characteristics and estimate survival.

Results

A total of 47 transplants were included; nearly three‐quarters were performed during 2008–2014. All recipients were male, 96% were white, and the mean age was 56 years. Mean FEV1% was 35%; mean FVC% was 53%. Mean time on a waitlist was 155 days, and 60% of transplants were bilateral. Median survival was 3.7 years.

Conclusions

These transplants reflect the use of a scarce resource for an entirely preventable disease, and highlight the need for enhanced efforts to reduce coal mine dust exposures. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:175–177, 2016. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Serious injury and fatality investigations involving pneumatic nail guns, 1985–2012
Authors: Lowe Brian D. , Albers James T. , Hudock Stephen D. , Krieg Edward F.
Published: January 2016

Background

This article examines serious and fatal pneumatic nail gun (PNG) injury investigations for workplace, tool design, and human factors relevant to causation and resulting OS&H authorities' responses in terms of citations and penalties.

Methods

The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) database of Fatality and Catastrophe Investigation Summaries (F&CIS) were reviewed (1985–2012) to identify n = 258 PNG accidents.

Results

79.8% of investigations, and 100% of fatalities, occurred in the construction industry. Between 53–71% of injuries appear to have been preventable had a safer sequential trigger tool been used. Citations and monetary penalties were related to injury severity, body part injured, disabling of safety devices, and insufficient personal protective equipment (PPE).

Conclusions

Differences may exist between construction and other industries in investigators interpretations of PNG injury causation and resulting citations/penalties. Violations of PPE standards were penalized most severely, yet the preventive effect of PPE would likely have been less than that of a safer sequential trigger. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:164–174, 2016. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Sleep disturbances and neurotoxicity in workers exposed to hydrocarbons. An observational study from Algeria
Authors: Sekkal Samira , Casas Lidia , Haddam Nahida , Bouhacina Linda , Scheers Hans , Taleb Abdesselam , Nemery Benoit
Published: January 2016

Background

Occupational exposure to solvents may lead to neurotoxicity and sleep disturbances. We aimed to investigate the association of occupational exposure to petroleum‐derived hydrocarbons with neurotoxicity and sleep disturbance symptoms.

Methods

We included male workers handling/distributing petroleum products (exposed, n = 250) and electricians (non‐exposed, n = 250) from two companies in Tlemcen (Algeria). Neurotoxicity was evaluated with the Q‐16 questionnaire, and sleep disturbances with the Epworth and the Berlin questionnaires. Multivariable Poisson regression models with robust error variances were applied obtaining risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

Overall, the prevalence of reported neurotoxicity and sleep disturbance symptoms was higher in exposed than in non‐exposed workers. Significant adjusted associations were observed for neurotoxicity, snoring, and excessive sleepiness (RR = 2.2, CI: 1.7–2.8; RR = 1.4; CI: 1.1–1.7; RR = 1.3, CI: 1.2–1.5, respectively). No significant associations were observed with the Epworth score.

Conclusions

Our questionnaire‐based cross‐sectional study suggests that exposure to petroleum‐derived hydrocarbons is associated with self‐reported sleep disturbances and neurotoxicity symptoms. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:129–136, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Grundinstandsetzung der Kaminkühler auf Zollverein
Authors: Fischer Michael , Waßmuth Carl‐Friedrich
Published: January 2016

Zwei Kaminkühler in Stahlgitterbauweise wiesen nach der Außerbetriebnahme Korrosionschäden auf. In der Folge war für die unter Denkmalschutz stehenden und als Bestandteil des Gesamtensembles Zeche Zollverein in der Liste des UNESCO‐Weltkulturerbes eingetragenen Bauwerke der Abriss beantragt. Mittels einer konstruktiven Bestandsaufnahme konnte jedoch aufgezeigt werden, dass im überwiegenden Teil der Turmwände nur geringe Schädigungen vorlagen. Gemäß einer Berechnung mit verfeinerten Lastansätzen waren die Bauwerke nach der Sanierung einzelner stark geschädigter Teilbereiche grundsätzlich in der Lage, alle auf sie wirkenden Lasten sicher aufzunehmen und abzutragen. Mithilfe von Mitteln aus dem Investitionsprogramm des Bundes “Nationale UNESCO‐Weltkulturerbestätten” konnten beide Kaminkühler saniert sowie an einem Kaminkühler die bauliche Vorbereitung einer Nutzungserweiterung durch eine textile Membran finanziert werden. Herausforderungen der Sanierung waren im Stahlbau insbesondere die schwache Horizontalsteifigkeit der Türme, im Korrosionsschutz der Umgang mit der stark durch polyzyklisch aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe kontaminierten Altbeschichtung sowie der Spaltkorrosion.

Overhaul of cooling towers at Zollverein

After decommissioning, two steel lattice cooling towers showed corrosion damage. As a result, an application was submitted for the demolition of these two listed buildings, which are also part of the entire ensemble of the Zeche Zollverein UNESCO World Heritage Site. However, a structural analysis proved that the greater parts of the tower walls sustained only minor damage. According to a calculation with more detailed design loads the buildings were generally able to support and to carry reliably all loads after the restoration of seriously damaged individual parts. Thanks to financial funding offered by the investment programme of the German Federal Government “Nationale UNESCO‐Weltkulturerbestätten” (national UNESCO world heritage sites), it was possible to renovate both cooling towers as well as to prepare the later placement of a textile membrane in order to broaden the range of potential uses of the cooling towers. Key challenges faced during the renovation process were twofold: concerning steel construction the weak lateral stiffness of the towers in particular, and concerning corrosion protection how to handle crevice corrosion and PAH‐contaminated old coating.
Mechanische Kennwerte für die Nachrechnung bestehender Massivbauwerke – Vorbereitung neuer Arbeitshilfen
Authors: Weber Michael , Schnell Jürgen , Fingerloos Frank , Zilch Konrad
Published: January 2016

Derzeit werden auf europäischer und nationaler Ebene in Deutschland verschiedene neue Regelwerke und Arbeitshilfen zur Nachrechnung bestehender Massivbauwerke vorbereitet, die sich speziell mit der Festlegung mechanischer Kennwerte historischer Baustoffe befassen. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde der neue DAfStb‐Sachstandbericht “Mechanische Kennwerte historischer Betone, Betonstähle und Spannstähle für die Nachrechnung von bestehenden Bauwerken” [1] erstellt, der die Umrechnung von aus der Herstellzeit in Deutschland dokumentierten mechanischen Materialkennwerten auf Größen, wie sie zur Anwendung der aktuell bauaufsichtlich eingeführten Eurocodes benötigt werden, beinhaltet. Der Sachstandbericht ist das Ergebnis eines von der TU Kaiserslautern und Zilch + Müller Ingenieure GmbH, München gemeinsam bearbeiteten und vom Deutschen Ausschuss für Stahlbeton DAfStb finanzierten Verbundprojektes. Der Sachstandbericht [1] wurde im DIN‐Unterausschuss NA 005‐07‐01 UA “Bewertung von Bestandsbauwerken”bearbeitet und erweitert.

Zusätzlich wird zurzeit ein weiterer DAfStb‐Sachstandbericht zur Bestimmung charakteristischer Betondruckfestigkeiten im Bestand mittels Bestandsanalyse ausgearbeitet [2].

Parallel dazu wird das DBV‐Merkblatt “Bauen im Bestand – Beton und Betonstahl” [4] überarbeitet und ein neues DBV‐Merkblatt “Bewertung der In‐situ‐Druckfestigkeit von Beton” [1] herausgegeben.

Mechanical properties for the reanalysis of existing reinforced concrete structures – Preparation of new tools

Currently, in Germany new technical regulations for the structural reanalysis of existing reinforced concrete structures are being prepared. The new DAfStb‐Report “Mechanical properties of historical concretes, reinforcing steel and prestressing steel for the structural analysis of existing structures” [1] contains the conversion of historical mechanical properties into values, used in Eurocodes. For this purpose, the annex of the new DAfStb‐Report also contains background information on the mathematical conversion.

The Report is the result of a study conducted by the TU Kaiserslautern and Zilch + Müller Ingenieure GmbH, München that was financed by the DAfStb. The DIN subgroup NA 005‐07‐01 UA “Bewertung von Bestandsbauwerken” has reviewed it.

Furthermore a second report on the determination of characteristic material properties is currently being prepared by DAfStb [2].

At the present time the DBV‐Guide‐to‐good‐practice “Existing Structures – Concrete and Reinforcing Steel” [3] has been updated and a new DBV‐Guide‐to‐good‐practice “Assessment of in‐situ Compressive Strength of Concrete” [4] will be published.
Zuschrift zu “Untersuchungen zur Zementfiltration während der Herstellung von Verpressankern in nichtbindigen Böden”
Authors: Incecik Mete
Published: January 2016

Zuschrift von Prof. Dr. Mete Incecik zum Beitrag “Untersuchungen zur Zementfiltration während der Herstellung von Verpressankern in nicht‐bindigen Böden” von Dr. Xenia Domes und Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Thomas Benz, Bautechnik 92 (2015), Heft 9, und Stellungnahme der Autoren.
Verbund von Beton und Bewehrungsstahl bei hoch‐dynamischer Belastung
Authors: Michal Mathias , Keuser Manfred , Millon Oliver
Published: January 2016

Vor dem Hintergrund zunehmender terroristischer Bedrohung für Bauwerke in besonderen Gefährdungslagen ist es erforderlich, die Bauteilreaktion bei der Bemessung auch für die hohen Verzerrungsraten, wie sie bei Explosionen und Impakt auftreten, zu berücksichtigen. Voraussetzung hierfür ist eine wirklichkeitsnahe Beschreibung des Materialverhaltens. Dabei wird auf der Mesoebene das Zusammenwirken von Beton und Betonstahl durch die Verbundwirkung beschrieben. Um das Verhalten von Bauteilen, die Einwirkungen mit hohen Belastungsgeschwindigkeiten ausgesetzt sind, richtig beurteilen zu können, ist daher auch die Kenntnis des verzerrungsratenabhängigen Verbundverhaltens erforderlich. Im Rahmen des zur Zeit an der Universität der Bundeswehr München (UniBwM) laufenden Forschungsprojekts RS1510 werden Verbundversuche am Split‐Hopkinson‐Bar (SHB) in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Fraunhofer Institut für Kurzzeitdynamik Ernst‐Mach‐Institut (EMI) durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse dienen als Basis für die Entwicklung numerischer Modelle für die Abbildung des Verbunds von Stahl und Beton bei dynamischer Belastung. Nach einem kurzen Überblick zum Verbundverhalten werden die Grundlagen der Versuchstechnik dargestellt und die Besonderheiten bei den Push‐in‐Versuchen erläutert. Die Ergebnisse der durchgeführten Versuche zeigen eine deutliche Tendenz in Richtung von der Verzerrungsrate im Beton abhängigen Anstieg der Verbundfestigkeit.

Bond of concrete and steel under high dynamic loading

Against the background of increasing terrorist thread for critical infrastructure, it is necessary to consider the high strain rates related with explosion and impact for the design of structural components. The precondition for this is a realistic characterization of the material behavior. In meso‐level the interaction of steel and concrete is described by bond. In order to assess the behavior of structures exposed to high rate loading correctly, even the knowledge of strain rate dependent bond behavior is required. Within the ongoing research project RS1510 at the University of the Bundeswehr München (UniBwM) tests on bond between steel and concrete with a split‐hopkinson‐bar (SHB) are currently performed in collaboration with the Fraunhofer Institute for High‐Speed Dynamics Ernst‐Mach Institute (EMI). The results will be used as a basis for the development of a numerical model for the simulation of bond between steel and concrete under high loading rates. After a short survey on bond behavior, the theoretical basis for the testing technology is given and the specific characteristics of the performed push‐in tests are explained. The results of the tests show a clear tendency for the rate‐dependent increase in bond strength.
Anesthesia for patients with subglottic cysts
Authors: Vo Daniel N.
Published: January 2016

Key Clinical Message

Acquired subglottic cysts can cause rapid development of respiratory distress. Subglottic cysts are a disease of premature infants and other pathologies of prematurity should be anticipated. Perioperative success is dependent on communication between surgeon and anesthesiologist. Contingency plans for an emergency surgical airway should be in place in the event of total airway obstruction.
Laminar Flow and Heat Transfer in a Rectangular Channel with Walls Corrugated in the Orthogonal Directions
Authors: Wang Yongqing , Wang Dan , Jin Zunlong , Liu Minshan
Published: January 2016

A new chaotic duct is shown to enhance heat transfer at lower Reynolds numbers. The structure can be used as a heat transfer enhancement duct or as a flow channel in compact heat exchangers. The characteristics of the fluid flow and heat transfer in the duct were studied numerically, and the accuracy of the numerical calculations was verified experimentally. An orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the geometric parameters of the duct. The mechanism of heat transfer enhancement in the duct was analyzed. Chaotic advection occurs in the duct at lower Reynolds numbers. By means of chaotic advection, fluid mixing is enhanced and heat exchange is increased between the fluid in the center and that near the duct boundary. The fluid temperature is distributed more uniformly at the cross‐sections of the duct, and heat transfer is apparently enhanced.
Cyclization of Pseudoionone Catalyzed by Sulfuric Acid in a Microreactor
Authors: Zhou Feng , Zhang Boyu , Yao Chaoqun , Zhu Kai , Yang Mei , Chen Guangwen
Published: January 2016

A microreactor system was developed to investigate the cyclization of pseudoionone (PI) catalyzed by sulfuric acid. The conversion of PI and selectivities of α‐ionone and β‐ionone were explored under various conditions. The effects of residence time, molar ratio of acid/PI (M‐ratio), reaction temperature, and sulfuric acid concentration on the reaction were evaluated. Sulfuric acid concentration was found to play a vital role in the reaction system, which could greatly influence the conversion and selectivities. A high yield of β‐ionone and total yield of α‐ionone and β‐ionone were achieved under optimized conditions. The formation of by‐products was determined in detail and the side reactions could be restrained by optimizing the reaction parameters.
Current developments in fire protection – Changeover to design and classification according to the Eurocode / Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Brandschutz – Umstellung auf die Bemessung und Klassifizierung nach europäischen Normen
Authors: Zehfuß Jochen , Mittmann Thorsten
Published: January 2016

The European requirements for fire safety design and testing of structural masonry members are already the governing requirements in many cases. In principle, both the European and the German classification may be used according to the Bauregelliste. However, the latter may only be used when European classification of a member or construction material is not possible because the appropriate European standards do not exist. The European standards do not differ fundamentally from the German standard DIN 4102‐2. One significant difference is that according to the DIN 4102‐2, it was required to carry out two tests with the most unfavourable result governing, while according to the European standard, only one test is required. According to the EN Standard, the tests for fire resistance and the reaction to fire are carried out separately. There are other differences related to the pressure in the furnace as well as the use of plate thermocouples instead of jacketed thermocouples. Fire safety design of masonry is carried out in accordance with EC 6‐1‐2 and the National Annex. Only the members not regulated in the EC 6‐1‐2, e.g. pre‐cast masonry members, non‐load‐bearing walls, lintels, connections and joints, should be designed and checked according to the revised DIN 4102‐4.
Diagnosis and management of aortic valve stenosis in patients with heart failure
Authors: Kamperidis Vasileios , Delgado Victoria , van Mieghem Nicolas M. , Kappetein Arie‐Pieter , Leon Martin B. , Bax Jeroen J.
Published: January 2016

Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most frequent degenerative valvular heart disease in Western countries and its prevalence increases in parallel with the ageing process of the population. Heart failure (HF), defined by the presence of reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, may be present in up to a quarter of patients with severe AS, posing diagnostic and management challenges. The present article reviews the prevalence of HF in severe AS patients, discusses the diagnostic challenges and the advances in multimodality imaging to identify the patients that may benefit from surgical or transcatheter aortic valve replacement, and summarizes the current evidence on management for this group of patients.
Epidemiology of heart failure: the prevalence of heart failure and ventricular dysfunction in older adults over time. A systematic review
Authors: van Riet Evelien E.S. , Hoes Arno W. , Wagenaar Kim P. , Limburg Alexander , Landman Marcel A.J. , Rutten Frans H.
Published: January 2016

The ‘epidemic’ of heart failure seems to be changing, but precise prevalence estimates of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) in older adults, based on adequate echocardiographic assessment, are scarce. Systematic reviews including recent studies on the prevalence of heart failure and LVD are lacking. We aimed to assess the trends in the prevalence of LVD, and heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in the older population at large. A systematic electronic search of the databases Medline and Embase was performed. Studies that reported prevalence estimates in community‐dwelling people ≥60 years old were included if echocardiography was used to establish the diagnosis. In total, 28 articles from 25 different study populations were included. The median prevalence of systolic and ‘isolated’ diastolic LVD was 5.5% (range 3.3–9.2%) and 36.0% (range 15.8–52.8%), respectively. A peak in systolic dysfunction prevalence seems to have occurred between 1995 and 2000. ‘All type’ heart failure had a median prevalence rate of 11.8% (range 4.7–13.3%), with fairly stable rates in the last decade and with HFpEF being more common than HFrEF [median prevalence 4.9% (range 3.8–7.4%) and 3.3% (range 2.4–5.8%), respectively]. Both LVD and heart failure remain common in the older population at large. The prevalence of diastolic dysfunction is on the rise and currently higher than that of systolic dysfunction. The prevalence of the latter seems to have decreased in the 21st century.
Infrared Spectra and DFT Calcula­tions of Planar and Bridged Methyl­idene Intermediates in Reactions of Laser‐Ablated Yttrium and Lanthanum Atoms with Di‐, Tri‐, and Tetrahalomethanes
Authors: Cho Han‐Gook , Andrews Lester
Published: January 2016

Reactions of laser‐ablated Y and La atoms with di‐, tri‐, and tetrahalomethanes in excess argon were investigated and the products were identified from their infrared matrix spectra, isotopic shifts, and comparison with frequencies computed by density functional theory. These DFT calculations also show that the primary products are planar and bridged methylidenes depending on the number of halogen atoms with no trace of insertion and products, parallel to the previous Sc results. While the C–M bond in the planar configuration has a considerable amount of π‐character, the observed bridged Y and La methylidene structures are indicative of strong electron donation to the empty d‐orbtals on the metal center. These identified products reconfirm that the electronic structures of group 3 metals (d1s2) do not allow formation of the higher oxidation‐state product in reaction with halomethanes. The preference of a group 3 metal product with more M–F bonds over those with more M–Cl bonds is also investigated.
Substituent Effects on the Fluorescence Properties of ortho‐Carbor­anes: Unusual Emission Behaviour in C‐(2′‐Pyridyl)‐ortho‐carboranes
Authors: Böhling Lena , Brockhinke Andreas , Kahlert Jan , Weber Lothar , Harder Rachel A. , Yufit Dmitry S. , Howard Judith A. K. , MacBride J. A. Hugh , Fox Mark A.
Published: January 2016

Seventeen compounds including the parent ortho‐, meta‐ and para‐carboranes and derivatives of ortho‐carborane were investigated for luminescence in cyclohexane and dichloromethane solutions. Fifteen of these carboranes revealed very weak emissions in the 285–493 nm range. These carboranes may arguably be viewed as non‐emissive in solutions at room temperatures. No emissions could be observed for 1,2‐dimethyl‐ortho‐carborane and 2‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐ortho‐carborane. The carboranes with a 2′‐pyridyl substituent at the cluster carbon atom gave unusual local and charge‐transfer emissions indicating that different excited states are generated on photoexcitation. Of all the carboranes investigated, only 2‐(diphenylphosphino)‐1‐phenyl‐ortho‐carborane, 1,2‐diphenyl‐ortho‐carborane and 1‐phenyl‐2‐(2′‐pyridyl)‐ortho‐carborane are luminescent in the solid state with emissions at 476–612 nm and large Stokes shifts of 12000–13600 cm–1. The solid‐state structures of 1,2‐bis(2′‐pyridyl)‐ and 1‐phenyl‐2‐(2′‐pyridyl)‐ortho‐carborane were determined by X‐ray crystallography.
Study of thermal behavior of deoiled karanja seed cake biomass: thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis kinetics
Authors: Muktham Radhakumari , Ball Andrew S. , Bhargava Suresh K. , Bankupalli Satyavathi
Published: January 2016

Karanja is a medium sized evergreen tree which has minor economic importance in India. The nonedible seed kernel contains 27–30% oil that is used for biodiesel production, leaving the remaining nonedible seed cake as a waste product. The aim of the present work was to obtain kinetic parameters in relation to technological parameters in nonedible seed cake biomass pyrolysis conversion process to bio‐oil and biochar. Effects of heating rate on karanja seed cake slow pyrolysis behavior and kinetic parameters were investigated at heating rates of 5, 10, and 20°C/min using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Thermogravimetric experiments showed the onset and offset temperatures of the devolatilization step shifted toward the high‐temperature range, and the activation energy values increased with increasing heating rate. In the present study, isoconversional method was applied for the pyrolysis of karanja seed cake biomass byTGAand the activation energies (118–124 kJ/mol) and the pre‐exponential factors obtained using progressive conversion. Proximate–ultimate analyses, energy value, surface structure, and Fourier transform infrared spectra of the biomass processed under conditions were reported. The pyrolysis resulted in upgradation of the energy value of seed cake biomass from 18.1 to 24.5 MJ/kg; importantly with high carbon and low oxygen contents. The approach represents a novel method for the upgrading of karanja seed cake that has significant commercial potential.
Hoarding Disorder: Diagnosis, Assessment, and Treatment
Authors: Kress Victoria E. , Stargell Nicole A. , Zoldan Chelsey A. , Paylo Matthew J.
Published: January 2016

Hoarding disorder (HD) is a newly added mental disorder in the most recent version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). In this article, the symptoms, characteristics, and features of HD are described, along with diagnosis and assessment strategies. The most efficacious treatments for counseling clients diagnosed with HD are also discussed.
Mind the Gaps: Are Conclusions About Mindfulness Entirely Conclusive?
Authors: Hanley Adam W. , Abell Neil , Osborn Debra S. , Roehrig Alysia D. , Canto Angela I.
Published: January 2016

Mindfulness has emerged as an important construct in the mental health field. Although evidence suggests benefits, it also appears that excitement over the clinical applications of mindfulness has largely suspended concentrated efforts to clarify fundamental elements of the construct. This article explores conceptual confusion and contrasts primary mindfulness‐based techniques before investigating attrition factors, adverse effects of mindfulness practices, and populations contraindicated for mindfulness‐based techniques. Implications for practice are provided.
Preparation, characterization and evaluation of 186Re‐idarubicin: a novel agent for diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: El‐Kawy O. A. , Talaat H. M.
Published: January 2016

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a widely prevalent cancer, and hence, the development of radiopharmaceuticals for its management is an important issue. In the current investigation, the complexation of idarubicin with 186Re was studied. Optimum labelling conditions were found to be 4 mg idarubicin, 1.5 mg stannous chloride dihydrate and ~70 MBq Re‐186 at pH 7. The complex showed ~97.6% RCY value at 20 min and remained stable up to 24 h in the presence of 2.5 mg ascorbic acid. Molecular docking was performed to evaluate the complex binding to its target DNA‐human topoisomerase II complex. Result of the in vivo evaluation showed that the complex tends to preferentially localize in cancerous tissues. The in vitro cell growth inhibition assay showed that the effect of the 186Re‐idarubicin was stronger than the effect of cold idarubicin, which strongly suggested that its cytotoxicity was mainly because of radiotoxicity rather than chemotherapeutic activity.
Celebrating Our Elders Who Led Us Across the Bridge: A Call to Action for the Academy
Authors: Parham William D. , Clauss‐Ehlers Caroline S.
Published: January 2016

This issue of the Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development launches an inaugural series, Hearing Our Elders, and introduces the Honorable Congressman John Lewis as the series' 1st guest. The social, environmental, and political contexts within which the civil rights and multicultural counseling movements were shaped and unfolded are highlighted as are the incredible contributions by this history‐making icon to these 2 momentous and consequential social reform campaigns. The article, with excerpts from an interview with Congressman Lewis, illuminates central and overlapping themes of both movements that, in turn, represent cornerstones of the Hearing Our Elders series. The authors conclude with an invitation to guess the name of the next historic hero to be featured in the Hearing Our Elders series.

Este número del Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development inaugura una nueva serie, Escuchar a Nuestros Mayores, y presenta al Honorable Congresista John Lewis como primer invitado. Se destaca el contexto social, medioambiental y político en el que se formaron y desarrollaron los movimientos por los derechos sociales y la consejería multicultural, así como también las increíbles contribuciones realizadas por este ícono de gran influencia en la historia a estas dos significativas y trascendentales campañas de reforma social. El artículo, a través de extractos obtenidos de una entrevista con el Congresista Lewis, ilumina temas centrales y comunes de ambos movimientos que, a su vez, representan los fundamentos de la serie Escuchar a Nuestros Mayores. Los autores concluyen con una invitación a adivinar el nombre de la próxima figura histórica heroica que protagonizará la serie Escuchar a Nuestros Mayores.
What's Values Got to Do With It? Thriving Among Mexican/Mexican American College Students
Authors: Morgan Consoli Melissa L. , Llamas Jasmín , Consoli Andrés J.
Published: January 2016

The authors examined traditional Mexican/Mexican American and perceived U.S. mainstream cultural values as predictors of thriving. One hundred twenty‐four (37 men, 87 women) self‐identified Mexican/Mexican American college students participated in the study. The traditional Mexican/Mexican American cultural values of family support and religion were significant positive predictors of thriving. In addition, the perceived U.S. mainstream cultural value of competition negatively predicted thriving, and the perceived U.S. mainstream cultural value of material success positively predicted thriving. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.

Los autores examinaron valores culturales tradicionales mexicano‐americanos y percibidos como dominantes en los Estados Unidos como indicadores de prosperidad. Ciento veinticuatro (37 hombres y 87 mujeres) estudiantes universitarios que se identifican como mexicanos o mexicano‐americanos participaron en el estudio. Los valores mexicano‐americanos de apoyo familiar y religión fueron indicadores significativamente positivos de prosperidad. Además, el valor percibido como dominante en EE. UU. de competitividad fue indicador negativo de prosperidad, y el valor percibido como dominante en EE. UU. de éxito material fue indicador positivo de prosperidad. Se discuten las implicaciones y limitaciones del estudio.
Application of Raman Spectroscopy to Characterization of Residence Time Distribution and Online Monitoring of a Pilot‐Scale Tubular Reactor for Acrylic Acid Solution Polymerization
Authors: Chevrel Marie‐Claire , Hoppe Sandrine , Meimaroglou Dimitrios , Chapron David , Bourson Patrice , Wilson James , Ferlin Patrick , Falk Laurent , Durand Alain
Published: January 2016

A pilot‐scale tubular reactor containing static mixers is equipped with several Raman probes in order to perform online monitoring of radical copolymerization of acrylic acid in aqueous solution. This setup allows determination of residence time distribution while polymerization reaction occurs, using sodium nitrate as a tracer. These results prove that the use of convenient static mixers allows obtaining a nearly perfect plug‐flow reactor in all explored conditions (reactive and nonreactive medium, between 0.001 and 1 Pa s viscosity). Furthermore, the dynamics of the pilot‐scale reactor is characterized. Experimental transient and steady‐state values are compared to predictions based both on residence time distribution and model of polymerization kinetics. The applicability of Raman spectroscopy to online monitoring of pilot‐scale reactors is demonstrated.

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A hybrid‐mixed four‐node quadrilateral plate element based on sampling surfaces method for 3D stress analysis
Authors: Kulikov Gennady M. , Plotnikova Svetlana V.
Published: January 2016

The hybrid‐mixed assumed natural strain four‐node quadrilateral element using the sampling surfaces (SaS) technique is developed. The SaS formulation is based on choosing inside the plate body N not equally spaced SaS parallel to the middle surface in order to introduce the displacements of these surfaces as basic plate variables. Such choice of unknowns with the consequent use of Lagrange polynomials of degree N–1 in the thickness direction permits the presentation of the plate formulation in a very compact form. The SaS are located at Chebyshev polynomial nodes that allow one to minimize uniformly the error due to the Lagrange interpolation. To avoid shear locking and have no spurious zero energy modes, the assumed natural strain concept is employed. The developed hybrid‐mixed four‐node quadrilateral plate element passes patch tests and exhibits a superior performance in the case of coarse distorted mesh configurations. It can be useful for the 3D stress analysis of thin and thick plates because the SaS formulation gives the possibility to obtain solutions with a prescribed accuracy, which asymptotically approach the 3D exact solutions of elasticity as the number of SaS tends to infinity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of the influence of REV variability in double‐scale FEM ×DEM analysis
Authors: Shahin Ghassan , Desrues Jacques , Pont Stefano Dal , Combe Gaël , Argilaga Albert
Published: January 2016

In this work, the consequences of using several different discrete element granular assemblies for the representation of the microscale structure, in the framework of multiscale modeling, have been investigated. The adopted modeling approach couples, through computational homogenization, a macroscale continuum with microscale discrete simulations. Several granular assemblies were used depending on the location in the macroscale finite element mesh. The different assemblies were prepared independently as being representative of the same material, but their geometrical differences imply slight differences in their response to mechanical loading. The role played by the micro‐assemblies, with weaker macroscopic mechanical properties, on the initiation of strain localization in biaxial compression tests is demonstrated and illustrated by numerical modeling of different macroscale configurations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Moderner Zugang zur Wärmelehre
Authors: Strunk Christoph
Published: January 2016

Führt man die Entropie als die für thermische Phänomene grundlegende extensive Größe ein, so ist ein konzeptionell und mathematisch einfacher und dennoch strenger Aufbau der Wärmelehre möglich. Dieser erlaubt es, die thermodynamischen Phänomene quantitativ zu erfassen, ohne auf das Konzept der Wärme als einer “Form der Energie” zurückzugreifen. Energie und Entropie erscheinen dann als zwei unabhängige (Pseudo‐)Fluide, deren Strömung die thermischen Prozesse beschreiben. Im Fall der Entropie kommt ihre Erzeugungsrate als Beschreibungsgröße hinzu.
Das Ionosphärenwetter
Authors: Jakowski Norbert , Berdermann Jens , Hoque Mohammed Mainul
Published: January 2016

Struktur und Dynamik der Ionosphäre reagieren in enger Wechselwirkung mit der Magnetosphäre und der Thermosphäre sensibel auf Veränderungen der elektromagnetischen und korpuskularen Strahlung der Sonne. Das Ionosphärenwetter ist somit integraler Bestandteil des Weltraumwetters mit besonderer Wirkung auf die Ausbreitung terrestrischer und transionosphärischer Funksignale. Das sich ständig verändernde Ionosphärenwetter soll deshalb in einem am DLR Neustrelitz eingerichteten Ionospheric Monitoring and Prediction Center permanent beobachtet, erforscht und vorhergesagt werden.
Ölpulver und Fettcrumble: Genuss pur
Authors: Vilgis Thomas
Published: January 2016

Wohlschmeckendes Olivenöl, Kürbiskernöl oder diverse Nussöle geben Salaten und Saucen den letzten Schliff. Kulinarisch attraktiver sind pulverisierte Öle, die komplizierten Gerichten und Desserts beigefügt werden. Sie wirken trocken, riechen nicht, aber entfalten im Mund ihr volles Aroma. Für die “Verkapselung” des Öls sind lediglich Maltodextrin und ein Schneebesen nötig.
Analogous cellular contribution and healing mechanisms following digit amputation and phalangeal fracture in mice
Authors: Dawson Lindsay A. , Simkin Jennifer , Sauque Michelle , Pela Maegan , Palkowski Teresa , Muneoka Ken
Published: January 2016

Regeneration of amputated structures is severely limited in humans and mice, with complete regeneration restricted to the distal portion of the terminal phalanx (P3). Here, we investigate the dynamic tissue repair response of the second phalangeal element (P2) post amputation in the adult mouse, and show that the repair response of the amputated bone is similar to the proximal P2 bone fragment in fracture healing. The regeneration‐incompetent P2 amputation response is characterized by periosteal endochondral ossification resulting in the deposition of new trabecular bone, corresponding to a significant increase in bone volume; however, this response is not associated with bone lengthening. We show that cells of the periosteum respond to amputation and fracture by contributing both chondrocytes and osteoblasts to the endochondral ossification response. Based on our studies, we suggest that the amputation response represents an attempt at regeneration that ultimately fails due to the lack of a distal organizing influence that is present in fracture healing.
Epac Activation Regulates Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Migration and Adhesion
Authors: Yu Jiao-Le , Deng Ruixia , Chung Sookja K. , Chan Godfrey Chi-Fung
Published: January 2016

How to enhance the homing of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to the target tissues remains a clinical challenge nowadays. To overcome this barrier, the mechanism responsible for the hMSCs migration and engraftment has to be defined. Currently, the exact mechanism involved in migration and adhesion of hMSCs remains unknown. Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac), a novel protein discovered in cAMP signaling pathway, may have a potential role in regulating cells adhesion and migration by triggering the downstream Rap family signaling cascades. However, the exact role of Epac in cells homing is elusive. Our study evaluated the role of Epac in the homing of hMSCs. We confirmed that hMSCs expressed functional Epac and its activation enhanced the migration and adhesion of hMSCs significantly. The Epac activation was further found to be contributed directly to the chemotactic responses induced by stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) which is a known chemokine in regulating hMSCs homing. These findings suggested Epac is connected to the SDF-1 signaling cascades. In conclusion, our study revealed that Epac plays a role in hMSCs homing by promoting adhesion and migration. Appropriate manipulation of Epac may enhance the homing of hMSCs and facilitate their future clinical applications.
A comprehensive study on morphological and rheological behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(ethylene‐2,6‐naphthalene) nanocomposite blends in presence of graphene
Authors: Ghadami Azam , Ehsani Morteza , Khonakdar Hossein Ali
Published: January 2016

This study is concerned with morphological and rheological behavior of several systems based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(ethylene‐2,6‐naphthalene) (PEN), PET/PEN blend, and their graphene‐filled nanocomposites. The composites were prepared by using a melt‐mixing method and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques. It was observed that the graphene nanosheets were almost distributed uniformly, especially in the blend matrix. The applied mixing method was easily able to disperse nanographene as well as the initial aggregates in polyester and the blend system. By performing rheological examinations, the elastic modulus, viscosity, loss curve, and relaxation spectra of the samples were fully investigated. The presence of graphene had different effects on rheological properties such as viscosity and modulus in two polyester matrices and their blends. In all nanocomposite samples, with the addition of 1 wt% graphene, the elasticity level dropped relative to that of neat polyesters. In PEN nanocomposites, the tan δ peak appeared with the addition of graphene. However, in PET nanocomposites, the tan δ peak developed at higher frequency, with a low percentage of graphene nanosheets, and became narrower at greater quantity, compared with neat PET. By addition of nanographene into the blend, the damping factor increased. The relaxation spectra, H (τ), helped to better understand the viscoelastic properties in the long‐time region, and it was demonstrated that the graphene sheets retarded the relaxation process of polyesters in the molten state. The results of relaxation spectra and storage modulus agreed with each other, and similar trends were observed in all the samples under examination. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 23:E160–E169, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Analysing sanity of requirements for avionics systems
Authors: Barnat Jiří , Bauch Petr , Beneš Nikola , Brim Luboš , Beran Jan , Kratochvíla Tomáš
Published: January 2016

In the last decade it became a common practice to formalise software requirements to improve the clarity of users’ expectations. In this work we build on the fact that functional requirements can be expressed in temporal logic and we propose new sanity checking techniques that automatically detect flaws and suggest improvements of given requirements. Specifically, we describe and experimentally evaluate approaches to consistency and redundancy checking that identify all inconsistencies and pinpoint their exact source (the smallest inconsistent set). We further report on the experience obtained from employing the consistency and redundancy checking in an industrial environment. To complete the sanity checking we also describe a semi-automatic completeness evaluation that can assess the coverage of user requirements and suggest missing properties the user might have wanted to formulate. The usefulness of our completeness evaluation is demonstrated in a case study of an aeroplane control system.