bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and its association with pregnancy outcomes in three referral hospitals in Bhutan
Authors: Phurb Phurb , Jamtsho Sonam , Gyeltshen Nidup , Chhezom Kunzang , Choden Karma
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) has been defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. There is no national data on the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus, and there is no routine screening system for diabetes in pregnancy in Bhutan. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of GDM and its association with pregnancy outcomes in three referral hospitals in Bhutan.

Methods: This was a prospective study done between March and December 2016 in three referral hospitals in Bhutan, with 726 participants recruited between 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy. Two blood samples were taken, one in a fasting state to test fasting blood sugar and another to test blood sugar level 2 hours after drinking 75g glucose in 300ml water. They were analyzed in the Clinical Biochemistry laboratories in the respective hospitals. Cut-off levels of 5.6mmol/ L (101mg/ dL) for fasting blood sugar and 8.5-mmol/L (153-mg/dL) for 2 hours blood sugar report were used. Women diagnosed with GDM were closely followed up throughout the pregnancy up till delivery. At delivery, information on mother and the baby were collected.

Results: The prevalence of GDM in the three referral hospitals in Bhutan was 15%. The prevalence of GDM cases in the three hospitals was similar and statistically was not significant. Conclusions: Universal screening of pregnant women is recommended to detect hyperglycemia and to achieve euglycemia in order to prevent complications in both mothers and babies.
Assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Respectful Maternity Care among nurse midwives in Referral Hospitals of Bhutan
Authors: Deki Sonam , Choden Jigme
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) acknowledges that respects for woman’s rights, choices and dignity during labor and childbirth is vital component of health care quality. This cross-sectional descriptive study intended to gain in-depth understanding on knowledge, attitude and practices of nurse midwives working in referral hospitals of Bhutan on RMC. The study also looked into determinants of RMC.

Methods: The sample consisted of 83 nurse midwives who were working in birthing and maternity unit of three regional referral hospitals of Bhutan. The sites were chosen purposefully due to their high delivery volume. A survey instrument was piloted in Paro hospital prior to study. Data was collected from July to October 2017. Analysis was mainly descriptive, simple percentages were used to calculate frequency distribution of aspects and determinants of respectful maternity care.

Results: Four in five of the respondents knew and practiced woman’s right to information and communication during childbirth process. However, providers were found lacking on some aspects of the knowledge and practices related to respecting choices and rights of the women during childbirth and recounted their experiences of observing events which are described as abusive in maternal health literatures. Inadequate facilities, overworked staffs and limited trainings were found as detrimental factors.

Conclusion: Aspects of RMC were not duly practiced. Providers must be made aware of the woman’s right to respectful care which is crucial to improve maternal health services. Individual Health Facility must provide conducive environment to practice RMC. Future studies on RMC from receiver end are recommended.
Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practices in western Bhutan
Authors: Pokhrel Hari Prasad , Pavadhgul Patcharanee , Srisorrachatr Suwat
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Breastfeeding is widely accepted in Bhutan but there are wide range of practices, some of which are not in accordance with the recommendations of WHO. In 2015 the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding under six months of age, in western region was only 33.8% while the national rate was 51.4%. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practices in western Bhutan.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 220 mothers with children 6-12 months of age attending the Maternal and Child Health clinics of three hospitals in western Bhutan. Data collection was done by a face-to-face interview in April 2017. Chi-square test was used to assess the association and all the significant variables were included in the multivariate model adjusting for potential confounders.

Results: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at six months was 35.9%. Multivariate logistic regression detected significant association of exclusive breastfeeding with parity(ORadjusted 2.80; 95% CI 1.36-5.78), knowledge (ORadjusted 2.09; 95% CI 1.09-4.00), family income (ORadjusted 2.26; 95% CI 1.10- 4.65), early initiation of breastfeeding (ORadjusted 6.28; 95% CI 1.90-20.70), and care giver (ORadjusted 3.56; 95% CI 1.19-10.59). Mothers’ perception that the child feels thirsty was the most important reason to stop exclusive breastfeeding.

Conclusions: The study identified breastfeeding education as a definite measure to improve the rates of exclusive breastfeeding in western Bhutan. The study recommends to educate mothers that water is not required for the baby until six months of age and to include fathers in breastfeeding education sessions. The study also recommends to strengthen lactation management clinic.
Maternal Oral Health: An Examination Survey Conducted in Three Referral Hospitals in Bhutan
Authors: Ngedup Sonam , Lee Mary Alice , Phurpa Dorji , Wangmo Neyzang
Published: December 2020

Background: Good oral health is important for women during pregnancy and throughout their lives. Mothers with good oral health are less likely to transmit cariogenic bacteria to their infants and toddlers. Thus, maternal oral health is directly related to family health.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of dental caries, periodontal diseases and modifiable risk factors among pregnant women seeking antenatal care in three referral hospitals in Bhutan.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey of pregnant women was conducted in April-May 2017. We used a non-probability sampling method to recruit pregnant women (n=443). Oral examinations were done according to methods recommended by the WHO. Participants completed a questionnaire for modifiable risk factors.

Results: Overall, caries prevalence was 40% among pregnant women, ranging from 54% in those under 25 to 81% in women 35 and older. The mean decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) was 1.93 (SD=2.66). Nearly 72% of women had calculus on their teeth. Just over 2% had periodontitis. Most women rated their oral health as good to excellent (89%) versus poor (11%). Just 11% reported having had dental care during pregnancy.

Conclusions: There is an urgent need for professional dental care during pregnancy, especially among older and multiparous women. Increasing awareness on the importance of oral health during pregnancy will improve maternal health and the health of their young children.
Prevalence of ear cleaning and its characteristic physical findings in patients visiting tertiary care center in Bhutan
Authors: Adhikari Tika Ram , Jamtsho Sonam
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Many studies have been done on prevalence and complications of ear bud across the globe but very few talk about the characteristics physical findings associated with ear cleaning. We aim to find the prevalence and characteristic physical findings of cotton bud usage in patients visiting a tertiary care center in Bhutan.

Methods: A cross sectional study in a tertiary care center in Bhutan over a period of one month.

Results: The prevalence of ear cleaning was 92.15%. The most common physical finding was shiny external auditory canal (66%), excoriations in the external auditory canal (longitudinal furrowing along the floor or Circular scratch marks)(52%), erythema and edema of ear canal (46.6%), wax in the bony canal near tympanic membrane(9.3%), stenosed external auditory canal (3.8%), cotton wool remnants in ear canal(2.8%).

Conclusions: It is important to recognize these characteristic clinical findings of cleaning the ear so that proper counseling can be given against its usage and prevent undue complications associated with it.
Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in patients attending National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, from 2013 to 2015: A retrospective study
Authors: Norbu Karma , Mongar Adeep , Dorji Nima , Drukpa Leki D.
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Infection with intestinal parasites continues to be a significant public health problem worldwide. There is no information on the prevalence of these intestinal parasites in patients visiting the National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan.

Methods: The study utilized information of stool data from 2013 to 2015 and was analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Wet and Iodine mount technique were used for identification.

Results: The overall intestinal prevalence rate was 2.1%. Out of 5919 stool samples, Giardia lamblia has the highest rate of 0.93%, followed by Entamoeba coli 0.15%, Trichomonahomonis 0.19% and Taeniaspp. 0.17%.Giardia lamblia infection was 1.03% in males and 0.85% in females. The overall prevalence rate of parasitic infections was highest in >56 years age group with 2.83% in females and 2.0% in males.

Conclusion: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites is a concern in the country. Furthermore, this study provides insights to develop effective public health intervention for reducing parasitic infections in the country.
Quality in universal health coverage
Authors: Sharma Jayendra
Published: December 2020

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Health-related quality of life and co-morbidities among older adults in Bhutan
Authors: Dorji Nidup , Dunne Michael P. , Seib Charrlotte , Dep Sibnath
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a multi-dimensional construct that assesses an individual’s and group’s perceived physical and mental health over time. Measurement of HRQoL is an important medical outcome study and its study among older adults in Bhutan is limited.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study aimed to assess HRQoL and its sociodemographic and health correlates, among older adults in Bhutan. Data for this study was collected from the four major towns of Thimphu, Phuntsholing, Gelephu, and Samdrupjongkhar, Bhutan, from November 2014 - February 2015, using structured questionnaire with face-to-face interview. A total of 337 Bhutanese older adults participated in this study. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical package for social science version 21.0.

Results: The overall mean score for the HRQoL among older adults in this study was 0.67 (SD: 0.13) significantly different between the gender (p-value<0.001). A significantly low scores inthe areas of role limitations (p<0.05), pain (p<0.01), mental health (p<0.001), and vitality (p<0.05) of the HRQoL was observed for the female gender. Frequent back pain (67.1%), memory decline (60.5%), depression (46.0%) mobility impairment (45.4%), insomnia (42.1%), and problem affecting breathing (31.8%) were common health problems and were significantly higher among the female gender. Better health conditions was positively related with better HRQoL (p-value<0.001).

Conclusions: Low HRQoL was reported higher among female gender and was linked to multiple and cumulative health morbidities. Members of the family, community and healthcare providers could incorporate holistic approach to foster positive health outcomes and HRQoL of the older adults.
Patients’ knowledge and practices on the drug regimens prescribed at the National Traditional Medicine Hospital: a call for a systematic approach to drug information services
Authors: Jamphel Kinga , Gyeltshen Dorji , Tenzin Sherab , Dorji Thinley
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The World Health Organisation estimates that only half of all medicines dispensed are used appropriately. The Bhutanese Traditional Medicine (BTM) system is no exception. Objectives: We studied the patients’ knowledge on the usage of traditional medicine regimens prescribed to them, their medication adherence and possible adverse events.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted using an interviewer-administered questionnaire at the National Traditional Medicine Hospital, Thimphu in 2017. A simple random sampling was used. Ethical approval was sought from Research Ethics Board of Health, Thimphu.

Results: A sample of 402 patients were studied. The mean age of the respondents was 45 years (±15 years) and 333 (82.8%) were old cases presenting to the hospital. The knowledge on the correct timing of the medicine, how to take the medicine and what to avoid while on those medicines were understood only by 62.7%, 34.6% and 22.9% respectively. Only 351 (87.3%) patients received verbal information on the usage of drugs from the dispensers, of which 119 (29.6%) said the information was not clear or not adequate. Failure to take medicines on time was reported by 224 (67.3%) among old cases. Undesirable events reported while using BTM were giddiness, vomiting, skin irritation, diarrhoea and fainting episodes.

Conclusions: The drug information system and monitoring of medication adherence and adverse drug events require adoption of more effective toolsand methods.
Stillbirth rate in Bhutan: a retrospective facility-based study
Authors: Lethro Pema , Jamphel Kinga , Joshi Vandana , Mongar Chandralal , Tshering Lobzang , Tshomo Tashi
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Stillbirth is an important public health concern; yet there is no reliable stillbirth rate for Bhutan. Hence the aim of this study was to estimate the stillbirth rate for Bhutan.

Methods: A retrospective study was carried out for live and stillbirths recorded in delivery registers of all 253 health facilities across the country for a period of one year commencing 1st January till 31st December 2015.

Results: There were a total of 11,126 live births and 108 stillbirths documented in delivery registers. The stillbirth rate from this data set was 10 per 1000 live births.

Conclusions: The stillbirth rate for Bhutan from this study is 10 per 1000 live births lower than 16 per 1000 live births estimated in Lancet Series 2015. In order to find the true burden of stillbirths in the country, a surveillance may be instituted which can facilitate the prevention efforts while at the same time enable to strengthen information system.
Knowledge attitude and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among breastfeeding mothers in Trongsa district, Bhutan
Authors: Tshering Dolley , Gurung Mongal Singh , Wangmo Neyzang , Pelzom Dorji
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated around 1.4 million deaths and 10% of the disease burden in children under 5 years of age is due to non-exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life. As per the WHO, exclusive breastfeeding is considered the best nourishment for children in first six months. However, majority of the mothers fail to practice exclusive breastfeeding due to inadequate or lack of knowledge which poses a challenge. Thus, this study intends to assess knowledge, attitude and practices among breastfeeding mothers in Trongsa. 
Methods: A cross-sectional study was used. Data was collected from 205 breast feeding mothers in Trongsa District using the pre-tested structured questionnaire.
Results: Majority (98%) of the mothers had an adequate knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding starting from early initiation, the feeding of colostrum and providing complementary feeding. Health staff and the national television were the main source of information for the mothers on exclusive breastfeeding. However, in terms of practice, 20% of them did not exclusively breastfeed and had given additional feeds along with breast milk with the assumption of insufficient mother’s milk. Similarly, 13.2% of them had squeezed and thrown away the colostrum.
Conclusions: Despite mothers having good knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding, it was not practiced and followed. This study’s findings indicate a gap between the knowledge and the actual practice of exclusive breastfeeding among breastfeeding mothers in Trongsa.
A rare case of urinary bladder stone secondary to migrating Intra Uterine Device.
Authors: Jamtsho Sonam
Published: December 2020

Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) is one of the most commonly used in Bhutan. IUCDs are effective, safe, cheap, and has minimal systemic side effects. One of the major but rare complications is perforation of uterus and migration into pelvic and abdominal cavity and organs. Migrating into urinary balder is a rare complication. We report the first case of bladder stone secondary to migrating Copper T in a 50-year-old female who presented to the surgical department of Jigme Dorji Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital.
Are people aware of the Buddhist astrological recommendations on timing for surgery?
Authors: Gyeltshen Dorji , Dorji Thinley , Gurung Mongal Singh , Tsheten Tsheten , Tenzin Karma , Tshering Phub , Dorjee Sithar , Tenzin Tashi
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Adhering to the astrological recommendations on timing of invasive therapies are a standard practice in gSo-wa Rig-pa based Bhutanese Traditional Medicine. The day (for La-dza, Sog-dza and Shey-dza), lunar date (for La-ney) and time within the day of surgery (for La-ney), along with Wang-thang (field of power) and Lung-ta (Horse of fortune) are important astrological recommendations. However, there are no information about the patients’ knowledge, attitude and practice on astrological recommendations for timing of surgery in an allopathic setting in Bhutan. The study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of considering Buddhist astrological recommendations among patients undergoing elective surgeries.
Methods: A cross-sectional study with convenient sampling was conducted at the National Referral Hospital, Thimphu from April to May 2018. Data were collected using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Research Ethics Board of Health, Bhutan.
Results: From 420 participants (response rate 99.5%), 188 (44.8%) were aware that there are astrologically determined good timings to undergo elective surgeries. Only four persons (1.0%) were aware about La-ney. Among those who believed in such astrological recommendations, the attitude were more favourable towards the areas in which they had higher knowledge.
Conclusion: The patients had very poor knowledge about the astrological recommendations to choose the timing for surgery. A well designed study on the effect of astrological recommendations on the surgical outcomes is recommended for generating evidence for further action.
Prostheses Use and Satisfaction among People with Lower-limb Amputation in 10 districts of Bhutan
Authors: Norbu Ugyen , Zangpo Tandin , Darnal Jit Bahadur , Pokhrel Hari Prasad , Karki Roma
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The use of lower-limb prostheses restores functional mobility and improves quality of life for people with lower limb amputation. However, the use of prostheses is significantly impacted by users’ satisfaction with their prostheses and service delivery. Therefore, the excellence of prosthetic rehabilitation is not only assessed by the number of prostheses users but is also determined by the level of satisfaction with the prostheses and services received. The study was conducted to determine prostheses use and satisfaction among people with lower-limb amputation.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among lower-limb prosthetic users in 10 districts of Bhutan. Data was collected by face-to-face interview using the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST) questionnaire. Participants were recruited by purposive sampling.
Results: The study found that 96.4% of persons with lower-limb amputation currently used prostheses and 79% of them have used it for more than 7 hours/day. However, 44% of prostheses needed repair. The total QUEST score of satisfaction was 4.0 (SD 0.5).
Conclusion: Majority of lower-limb prostheses are in use and the users reported being quite satisfied with their prostheses and service delivery. The study recommends initiating follow-up services to improve prosthetic use and overall satisfaction scores for both prostheses and service delivery.
Examination of vertical green systems in educational buildings: a field study in Çukurova University
Authors: Şimşek Ülkü , Şenyiğit Özlem
Published: December 2020

The concept of sustainability, which is currently sitting on our agenda with increasing environmental pollution has gradually increased its importance. In order to leave a livable ecosystem for new generations, it is essential that individuals are given the necessary education within the scope of the issues that need to be done. The best training is hands-on training. A person can internalize the concept that he sees, touches, feels in the environment in which he is located, that is, lives with all his perceptions. In this case, building educational structures with the goals of sustainable architecture is an important step in terms of instilling the concept of sustainability in the younger generations. In the context of sustainable design, vertical green systems have taken an important place with the technological developments in recent years and it has been shown that they contribute to achieving sustainable design goals. It is believed that the application of these systems in school structures will make it easier for students to explain the concept of herd, because they are experiential. For these reasons, the aim of the study is to reveal the benefits of vertical green systems in terms of sustainability in educational structures and to present a study that can provide resources for sustainable school designs.In the study, the benefits of vertical green systems were discussed in the context of reducing the urban heat effect, improving air quality, absorbing noise and saving energy. Energy analysis was carried out through revit program by applying vertical green system to the educational buildings selected from Adana Çukurova University in order to demonstrate the benefits of vertical green systems within the scope of energy conservation with data. As a result of the evaluations made, the electrical energy savings of green vertical systems were revealed with numerical data and the criteria to be considered for an environmentally beneficial vertical green system application were explained.
A Survey of Different Types of Characterization Technique In Ultra Sonograms of the Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Singh Nikita , Jindal Alka
Published: December 2020

Thyroid is one of the endocrine Gland. Thyroid can be classified into normal, nodule and cancers thyroid. The characterization of the thyroid tissue in digital image processing techniques offer’s the texture description and using the ultrasound images. In this paper describe the various type of feature extraction techniques characterization and classification method. The texture characterization in medical images plays an important role as it helps into characterized the type of images, directions and extracting the features. This survey focuses on three types of characterization technique and methods that classify the thyroid nodule medical imaging. Result shows that comparatively analysis of these characterization techniques.
Trends of IT Industry in Indian Economy – An Analysis
Authors: Swapna N. , Sujatha N.
Published: December 2020

The Indian Information Technology and Information Technology Enabled Services (IT-ITES) industry has been contributing its role in the economic development of India since post liberalization era. The pace growth of this industry is considered as a growth driver for the economy. India has become as “IT Super Power”. The performance of IT industry can be revealed with the evidence of its contribution to the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of the country, provision of employment opportunities all over the country, IT services and software exports and revenue to the country. This paper examines how does the IT industry is playing its predominant role in Indian economy with its various trends in the contribution to the GDP of India , IT exports, IT revenue trends and employment opportunities.
Comparative Study of Text Line Segmentation Algorithms on Low Quality Documents
Authors: Soujanya P. , Koppula Vijaya Kumar , Gaddam Kishore
Published: December 2020

Segmentation of text lines is one of the important steps in the Optical Character Recognition system. Text Line Segmentation is pre-processing step of word and character segmentation. Text Line Segmentation can be viewed simple for printing documents which contains distinct spaces between the lines. And it is more complex for the documents where text lines are overlap, touch, curvilinear and variation of space between text lines like in Telugu scripts and skewed documents. The main objective of this project is to investigate different text line segmentation algorithms like Projection Profiles, Run length smearing and Adaptive Run length smearing on low quality documents. These methods are experimented and compare their accuracy and results.
Productivity enhancement by reducing adjustment time and setup change
Authors: Desai M.S. , Warkhedkar R.M.
Published: December 2020

The paper presents a study of set-up time reduction in a small factory involved in the machining of precision components in small batches with large variety for the automobile industry. The factory has made some set-up reductions mainly using work study
related methods and in one manufacturing cell by the use of the Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) methodology. Until recently the set-up times were not measured and worse still were considered as productive hours. As a consequence, there was a lack of awareness and motivation amongst operational personnel to reduce set-up times
and knowledge of SMED was limited to a small group of individuals. This, along with the lack of investment in mechanisms to aid set-up time reductions and prevent errors, has restricted the use of this type of methods and technology. However, there is evidence that the demands made by the factory’s major customer will lead to increased efforts to put into place these types of changes.
Optimum Compensation To Improve EHV Line performance
Authors: Mohan Lodagala Murali , Apparao A.
Published: December 2020

Series compensation and shunt compensation are being used in EHV lines to improve their performance. While planning the compensation, it is necessary to select properly the
degree of series and shunt compensation, the appropriate location or locations of the compensating equipment. The optimum selection of series and shunt compensation ha to be such that the total MVAR requirement is lower, the line voltage profile is well within the limits, the transmission efficiency is high and the system stability is improve. In this thesis a systematic method is developed to select the optimum series and shunt compensation to be employed in EHV lines for a given loading condition .Case studies are presented and a comparison of different compensation scheme is made.
The Modeling and Simulation of Wind Energy Based Power System using MATLAB
Authors: Nath Suman , Rana Somnath
Published: December 2020

Modeling and simulation of a grid connected wind-driven electricity generation system or WECS (an acronym for Wind Energy Conversion System) has been done. Our aim is to design and test a power system of 14.9 KVA capacity, operating at 440V, 20m/s base wind speed, induction generator based-wind energy system via. MATLAB simulation. The different components of a wind energy system namely the wind turbine, generator,
controller system, rectifier-inverter, battery , load and other equipments including transformers, grid etc. were decided as per the scope of this project following which the design steps and modeling of the system in MATLAB simulation environment - SIMULINK was undertaken.
MATLAB/SIMULINK Simulation Tool for Power Systems
Authors: Kulkarni Santosh B. , Chile Rajan H.
Published: December 2020

This paper describes the modeling and simulation library for power systems simulation under SIMULINK environment. The different features of MATLAB Toolboxes used in the analysis of power systems are described. Software introduces SIMULINK environment of MATLAB for implementing user friendly and future expansion. To illustrate the capabilities of SIMULINK simulation tool, a case study based on a test system is presented.
HUMAN RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS IN BURHANIDDIN AL-MARGINANI’S WORK “AL-HIDAYA”
Authors: BOTIROV BOBURMIRZO
Published: December 2020

The study of the life and work of scientists, in particular, the heritage of scholars-faqihs of Maverannahr, who have great authority in all regions of the
Islamic world, is becoming increasingly important in the world aspect. Their works on jurisprudence still serve as textbooks on Islamic law. This fact proves the importance and relevance of studying the history of origin, stages of development, and distinctive features of jurisprudence in Maverannahr. The article provides information on the study of ideas and recommendations in the book of Burkhaniddin al-Marginani al-Hidaya and analysis of the guidelines for the regulation of property relations, which provide specifc rules for the treatment of the property. Particular attention is paid to the legal status of minors, mentally retarded, and slaves as subjects. In today’s complex world extremist movements and fundamentalists that threaten the development of society in today’s complex world distort the essence and content of Islam and try to use it for their nefarious purposes. Therefore, the correct interpretation of the true essence of Islam, its basic principles, as well as peacekeeping and humanistic ideas is especially relevant and important. The study of fqh as a system closely related to practical life also acquires scientifc and practical signifcance. The four-volume al-Hidaya, written by Burhanuddin alMarginani, is an important and comprehensive legal code for the Hanaf school of thought in the Sunni school. It consists of more than 55 books, hundreds of chapters and covers all areas of Islamic law.
Yeni Koronavirüs Salgını Dolayısıyla Gündeme Gelen Sosyal İzolasyon ve Gönüllü Karantina Döneminde İnternet ve Sosyal Medya Kullanımı
Authors: YILDIRIM Ozan , İPEK İdil
Published: December 2020

Web 2.0 teknolojisi, bireysel yayıncılığa olanak sağlaması, etkileşim ve içerik yaratma gibi özellikleri mümkün kılmasıyla internet kullanımında dönüm noktası olmuştur. Ayrıca, gündelik yaşamda internet ve sosyal medya kullanımının ön plana çıkmasına katkı sağlamıştır. Öte yandan, internet ve sosyal medya kullanımına ilişkin gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar olumlu ve olumsuz olmak üzere iki kutuplu şekilde değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, internet ve sosyal medya kullanımı ile ilgili bütünsel bir değerlendirme yapılmış, yeni tip koronavirüs salgını dolayısıyla sosyal izolasyon ve gönüllü karantina uygulayan kişilerin internet ve sosyal medya kullanım alışkanlıklarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Tematik analiz yönteminin temel alındığı çalışmada, 6 kadın ve 6 erkekle çevrimiçi yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, salgın döneminde değişen internet ve sosyal medya kullanım alışkanlıkları, sosyal izolasyon ve karantina döneminde internet ve sosyal medya kullanım amaçları, sosyal izolasyon ve karantina döneminde internet ve sosyal medyanın kazandırdıkları ve salgın döneminde dijital içerik takibi ve üretimi olmak üzere dört kategoride çözümlenmiştir. Pandemi sürecinde internet ve sosyal medya kullanım oranlarında artış olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu durumun olumlu ve olumsuz sonuçları olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Olumlu açıdan, bilgiye erişim, iletişim, gündem takibi, sanal kültürel faaliyetler ve uzaktan eğitim gibi durumlar ön plana çıkarken, olumsuz açıdan boş zamanın tamamının internet ve sosyal medyada geçirilmesi, eğlence içeriklerinin daha fazla ilgi çekmesi gibi noktalara işaret edilmiştir.
Consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y su relación con comportamiento violento en estudiantes universitarios
Authors:   Universidad de Sucre, Colombia, CAMPO Yarlis M. , OLIVEROS Jhon J. ,   Universidad de Sucre, Colombia, AMED Eustorgio J. ,   Universidad de Sucre, Colombia
Published: December 2020

La progresiva participación de jóvenes en consumo de sustacias psicoactivas (SPA) y algunas formas de violencia se presentan como un problema en incremento; esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y comportamientos violentos en estudiantes universitarios de Sincelejo (Colombia). Se desarrolló un estudio transversal con fase correlacional, tomando una muestra aleatoria de 492 estudiantes aplicando un análisis descriptivo e inferencial de las variables estudiadas. Se concluye que el consumo de SPA se relaciona débilmente con comportamientos violentos. La heroína, éxtasis y el consumo simultáneo de ácidos y marihuana representan mayor influencia en los eventos violentos.
Educar en la identidad y sentido de pertenencia; el reto de responder al reasentamiento, el caso de Gramalote
Authors:   Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Colombia, MONTERO Milton A. , CHACON Gloria Z. ,   Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Colombia, FUENTES Luisa V. ,   Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Colombia
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo contiene los avances de la investigación “Participación de los adultos mayores de Gramalote en el proceso de reasentamiento al nuevo casco urbano”; desarrollada en 2019 y 2020; teniendo por finalidad reconocer la participación de los adultos mayores gramaloteros en el proceso de reasentamiento, tiene un enfoque cualitativo basado en entrevistas y acompañamientos, interpretando la importancia de la educación social en la reconfiguración de la identidad y sentido de pertenencia de los habitantes con el municipio.
Influencia del ambiente áulico en la motivacion de los estudiantes para el aprendizaje de un curso de analisis de alimentos
Authors:   Universidad de Cartagena, Colombia, TARON Arnulfo
Published: December 2020

En esta investigación se estudia la influencia del ambiente áulico, en la motivación y el rendimiento académico. Se realiza un estudio descriptivo-cuantitativo, de dos ambientes áulicos (motivado y no motivado), utilizando un instrumento de evaluación tipo Liker de 15 dimensiones, de escala unipolar de criterios numéricos, de (1) a (5). Los estudiantes motivados, obtuvieron mayor rendimiento académico promedio (3,98), que los no motivado (3,37), encontrando diferencias estadísticamente significativas a (p<0,001. Un ambiente áulico motivante, facilita obtener alto rendimiento académico.
Propuesta de acompañamiento al profesor en el desarrollo y cierre de sus espacios académicos virtuales
Authors:   Uniminuto Virtual y a Distancia, Colombia, ARTUNDUAGA Yuliana A. , CABANZO Carlos J. ,   Universidad Pedagógica Nacional. Colombia, REYES Richard F. ,   Uniminuto Virtual y a Distancia, Colombia
Published: December 2020

A través de un estudio mixto con alcance descriptivo, Uniminuto Virtual y Distancia (UVD), identifico algunas falencias en los profesores que orientan clases en la modalidad virtual, relacionadas con aplicación o implementación de herramientas tecnológicas y su rol como profesor. Por consiguiente, se incluyeron algunas estrategias pedagógicas con el fin de garantizar educación de calidad. Como resultado se encontró que es necesario, un plan de desarrollo profesoral y acompañamiento continúo a las aulas virtuales.
Evaluación de la convivencia y percepción de conflictos en estudiantes de enseñanza secundaria en un centro educativo concertado de Málaga (España). La mediación escolar como respuesta
Authors:   Universidad de Málaga, España, GONZALEZ-SODIS Jose L.
Published: December 2020

La conflictividad es un problema educativo y social de primer orden. En esta investigación se ha analizado la percepción de conflictos en estudiantes de una escuela del sur de España. La muestra no probabilística fue de 220 escolares. Se aplicó el CUVE3-ESO. Del análisis descriptivo-comparativo de grupos en función de género y curso se desprende la existencia de diferencias perceptivas de la conflictividad. Se concluye con la necesidad de promover la mediación escolar para mejorar el clima de convivencia.
Modelo de aprendizaje de TIC en adultos
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico, FRAUSTO Miguel , CORNEJO Juan F. ,   Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico
Published: December 2020

La capacitación tecnológica juega un papel muy importante en la sociedad actual, y más cuando hablamos de adultos. Por la forma de aprender y las dificultades que presentan, se llevó cabo un estudio, para conocer los factores que intervienen en el aprendizaje de las TIC en adultos. De la investigación realizada se destacan las situaciones que comprometen el aprendizaje de los adultos, para desarrollar un modelo de enseñanza que tiene como eje central la teoría del procesamiento de la información.
TÜRKİYE’DE ÇEVRE ADALETİ: PARALI PLAJLAR ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: AKYÜZ Emrah
Published: December 2020

Çevre adaleti, Türkiye’de üzerinde çok az konuşulan konulardan bir tanesini oluşturmaktadır. Doğal kaynakların ve çevre kirliliklerinin bölüşülmesi noktasında herhangi bir gurubun sosyal statü, etnik köken, ideoloji, cinsiyet gibi farklılıklar nedeniyle kamu gücü tarafından ayrımcılığa maruz kalması anlamına gelen çevre adaleti, ülkemizde özellikle doğal kaynaklara erişim noktasında yaygın bir sorun olarak durmasına rağmen akademi dünyasında yeterince tartışılmaktadır. Ülkemizde sıklıkla vuku bulan çevre adaletsizliğinin en yaygın olarak yaşandığı alanların başında ise plaj gibi kıyı şeritlerinin kullanımı gelmektedir. Üç tarafı denizlerle çevrili olan Türkiye, kıyı şeritleri açısından zengin bir ülke konumundadır. Ülke içerisinde yaşayan tüm vatandaşların ortak değeri olan kıyı şeritlerinin herkesin adil ve eşit bir şekilde ulaşabilecek olması, çevre yönetiminde adaletin tesisi için zaruridir. Bunun ana sebebi ise, bu doğal kaynaklar ayrım gözetilmeksizin tüm yurttaşların eşit söz sahibi olduğu ortak kullanım alanlarıdır. Fakat bir takım yasal düzenlemeler ile özellikle ekonomik açıdan dezavantajlı grupların kıyı şeritlerini kullanması zorlaştırılabilmektedir. Bu durum, çevre yönetiminde hakkaniyetsiz yani adaletsiz bir durumun ortaya çıkmasına vesile olmaktadır. Bu makalenin temel gayesi, çevre adaleti üzerine olan teorik kuramları irdelemek ve ülkemizde bulunan plajların bir kısmının ücretli olmasını sorunsalını çevre adaleti kuramı çerçevesinde tartışarak politika önerileri sunmaktır.
Sistemas de impeachment no Brasil em nível nacional e subnacional
Authors: Sgarbossa Luís Fernando , Iensue Geziela
Published: December 2020

O impeachment é um importante instituto de origem anglo-americana presente no sistema constitucional brasileiro, mas pouco estudado em nível estadual. Recentemente diversos pedidos de impedimento de governadores acabaram por trazer à baila questões relativas às diferenças entre os modelos adotados em nível federal e em nível estadual e distrital. O presente estudo, após a contextualização histórica do tema, identifica os modelos existentes e, valendo-se de uma perspectiva comparativa, examina as semelhanças e diferenças entre o mecanismo de responsabilidade político-jurídica em nível nacional e subnacional no Brasil. Examinando questões como a assimetria entre o legislativo federal bicameral e os legislativos subnacionais unicamerais, o artigo evidencia que a despeito do modelo cameral de impeachment ser adotado pela Constituição de 1988, o Direito Constitucional Estadual acaba por encampar o modelo de tribunal especial, bem como as peculiares razões de tal situação, notadamente a aplicação da Lei n. 1.079/50 como lei nacional pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal e consequente imposição do modelo por ela estabelecido como modelo subsidiário como paradigma de observância obrigatória pelos constituintes estaduais.
Globalização econômica
Authors: Silverio Amanda Lorena Ferreira , Sampar Rene
Published: December 2020

É imperioso reconhecer que a globalização econômica, potencializada a partir dos anos 1980, reconfigurou as atribuições tradicionais do Estado-nação, promovendo interconexões assimétricas entre os países no tocante ao fluxo de bens, serviços, transportes e tecnologias. Tendo por base este fenômeno, o presente artigo pretende delinear esse cenário da internacionalização da economia, estabelecendo como enfoque a mudança de paradigma ocorrida no mercado de trabalho, ao considerar que os Estados sofrem pressão internacional para flexibilizar direitos e obter, em contrapartida, a oferta de benefícios para consequente participação no jogo da economia. Em meio a este jogo, estão os direitos sociais, reconhecidos no texto constitucional. Assim, ao se valer do método dedutivo e histórico, tendo se baseado na revisão bibliográfica nacional e estrangeira aplicável ao tema, o texto conclui pela necessidade de adoção de políticas públicas para a formação e desenvolvimento das capacidades dos indivíduos como mecanismo de redução das desigualdades, bem como chamar atenção às condições laborais precarizadas em razão do irreversível fenômeno da globalização.
OBO KÜLTÜ ve MUĞLA MEKE KÖYÜ OBOLARI
Authors: EROĞLU Eren Fehmi
Published: December 2020

Taşların dikey bir şekilde dizilmesinden oluşan obolar, haklarında en az inceleme yapılmış Türk kültür eserleri içerisinde yer almaktadır. Türkistan coğrafyasında ve Türkiye’de çeşitli örnekleri görülen bu kültür varlıkları hakkında, yeterince incelemeler gerçekleştirilmemiştir. Tarihi kaynaklarda nadiren zikredilmeleri, oluşturulma sebeplerine dair farklı yorumlamalar yapılması ve tören alanları içerisinde yer almaları, halk tarafından kutsal mekan sayılmaları, obolar hakkında yeterince inceleme yapılmayışlarının nedenlerini oluşturabilir. Bulundukları coğrafyaya göre tören düzenlemek, mezar yapısını işaret etmek, sınır belirlemek yol göstermek gibi amaçlar yapılan obolar, kullanım amaçlarına ve bulundukları yere ve coğrafyaya göre farklı isimler almışlardır. Bulundukları coğrafyalardan geçmişte meydana gelmiş dini değişimlere rağmen obolar, Kök Tengri dini, dağ, atalar ve taş inançları ekseninde meydana gelmişler ve eski dini yapının izlerini yoğun bir şekilde taşımaktadırlar. Çalışmanın konusunu oluşturan ve kültün en belirgin örneklerinden sayılabilecek olan Muğla’nın Menteşe ilçesi sınırlarındaki Meke Köyü’nde bulunan yapılar, obo kültünün tüm öğelerini içermekle birlikte bu yapıların yapım sebeplerinin, kültürdeki yerinin ve halk tarafından kendilerine atfedilen kutsallığın nedenlerinin anlaşılması açısından önemli Türk kültür varlıklarındandır.
YABANCI DİL OLARAK TÜRKÇE KELİME ÖĞRETİMİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: KARA ÖZKAN Neşe
Published: December 2020

Yabancı dil öğretiminde kelime öğretiminin önemli bir yeri vardır. Çünkü yeni bir dil öğrenmek o dilin kelimelerini öğrenmekle başlar. Bir kelimeyi tam olarak bilmek ve etkin biçimde kullanabilmek için yalnız onun anlamını bilmek yeterli değildir. Kelime hazinesi zenginleştikçe dil bilgisel yeterlikle birlikte dil becerileri de gelişir. Bugüne kadar kelime öğretimine gereken önemin verilmediği görülmektedir. Kelime ediniminin öğrencilerin bireysel çabalarına bağlı olduğu düşüncesinden hareketle dil bilgisi ve dil becerileri gelişimi için verilen eğitim sırasında kelime öğretimi ihmal edilmektedir. Bu araştırma ile yabancı dil olarak Türkçede çok üzerinde durulmayan kelime öğretiminin önemini vurgulamak, kelime öğretimi sırasında dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar, yöntem ve teknikler üzerinde bir değerlendirme yapmak amaçlanmıştır. Yabancı dilde kelime öğretiminde kullanılan teknikler kelimelerin kolay ve kalıcı öğrenilmesini sağlar. Türkçe öğrenen bireylerin dili etkin kullanması ve iletişim kurması etkili bir kelime öğretimiyle mümkündür. Yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretiminde üzerinde durulması gereken en önemli konulardan biri kelime öğretimidir. Türkçe iletişim becerilerinin geliştirilebilmesi için kelime öğretimine önem verilmelidir. Bunun için hedef kitlenin Türkçe öğrenme amacı ve seviyesinin bilinmesi gerekir. Bunları bilmekteki amaç onlara uygun yöntem ve tekniklerle kelime öğretimi yapabilmektir. Bu tekniklerle kelime öğretimi yapılırken öğretilecek kelimelerin tespiti ve ne kadar kelime öğretileceğinin bilinmesi gerekir. Araştırma, yabancı dil olarak Türkçe kelime öğretimine dikkat çekmesi, yapılan literatür taraması üzerinden öğretmenlere yol göstermesi açısından önemlidir. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizine dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretiminde kelime dağarcığını geliştirmenin önemi, bu amaçla kullanılacak yöntem ve teknikler, kelime öğretimini etkileyen faktörler ve kelime öğretiminde dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar üzerinde durularak konuyla ilgili öneriler sunulmuştur.
Digital India and Education: New Initiatives in NPE, 2020
Authors: Kavita Dr.
Published: December 2020

Education, globally, playas an important role in overall development of a person, society and nation, over the last few year education sector in India is evolving at faster pace. National Education Policy incorporated to make our education system more holistic and flexible and transform with the requirements of an emerging knowledge. Undoubtedly, during the past three decades, there has been a considerable rise in digital and virtual learning at all the levels. Digital India vision of NEP 2020 seems to be an initiative to empower, educate and enlighten the new generation with evolution of digital/online platforms such as DISHA, e-PATHSHALA, SWAYAM, SLOAYAM PRABHA etc. during with providing virtual labs, digital infrastructure to the education sectors. NEP 2020 is the first policy of the 21st century recognizes the importance of leveraging the benefits and advancement of technology and digital education to meet the current and future challenges in providing quality education at all the levels.
Short communication: prevalence of Eimeria spp. infection in domestic rabbits of Polish farms
Authors: Balicka-Ramisz Aleksandra , Laurans Łukasz , Pohorecki Kamil , Batko Mirosława , Ramisz Anna
Published: December 2020

The studies were carried out on 14 farms which deals with meat race of rabbits breeding. The basic herds had from 14 to 85 rabbits. The studies were carried  on West Pomerania ( near Chojna) and warmińsko-mazurskie province (near Elbląg). Faecal samples were collected from examined animals and quali-quantitatively analysed to evaluate presence and number of Eimeria oocysts. In addition, isolated Eimeria oocysts were identified at the species level following sporulation. The study was based on two flotation methods:Willis-Schlaaf for qualitative and McMaster for quantitative analysis, which helped to establish the number of oocysts in 1g of feces (OPG). Ten species of coccidian were found in which 9 were intestinal (E. exigua, E. perforans, E. media, E. magna, E. irresidua, E. coecicola, E. flavescens, E. piriformis, E. intestinalis) and one was living in liver (E. stiedai).The dynamics of coccidia infection in the annual cycle showed large fluctuations. The OPG coefficient reached its maximum in mid-May at 21 100 oocyst / g. Exact knowledge of the biology of protozoan Eimeria will contribute to the development of prevention programs that stop the spread of the disease in rabbits.