bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Nozzle‐Free Embedded 3D (MagNoFE3D) Printing
Authors: Piñan Basualdo Franco N. , Trikalitis Vasileios D. , Visconti Sabrina , Ficuciello Fanny , Goulas Constantinos , Rouwkema Jeroen , Misra Sarthak
Published: October 2024

The functional principle behind extrusion‐based printing is the capability of flowing material through a nozzle on demand, which must solidify upon deposition, a behavior exhibited only by some materials. Embedded printing offers a solution to maintain shape fidelity during the deposition of a wider range of materials. However, the use of a moving nozzle in a support bath can lead to bath disturbance and the spreading of the ink. In this study, a novel embedded printing technique that eliminates the need for a nozzle by employing a magnetic sphere as the plotting moiety is introduced. The externally steered sphere creates a path by locally fluidizing the bath, allowing the simultaneously injected ink to flow into the space behind it. The method is benchmarked using water as an ink, achieving free‐form printing without additional stabilization methods. The creation of solid structures is also demonstrated by printing a photocurable ink that is crosslinked and removed from the bath. Moreover, the plotting magnet can be incorporated into the printed part during the crosslinking, thus giving place to a magnetically responsive structure. This advancement paves the way for innovations in fields such as tissue engineering and microrobotics by enabling the fabrication of intricate and functional designs.
A Three‐Terminal Memristive Artificial Neuron with Tunable Firing Probability
Authors: Lewerenz Mila , Passerini Elias , Weber Luca , Fischer Markus , Jimenez Olalla Nadia , Gisler Raphael , Emboras Alexandros , Luisier Mathieu , Csontos Miklos , Koch Ueli , Leuthold Juerg
Published: October 2024

The human brain facilitates information processing via generating and receiving temporal patterns of short voltage pulses, a.k.a. neural spikes. This approach simultaneously grants low‐power operation as well as a high degree of noise immunity and fault tolerance at a small footprint and simplistic structure of the neurons. To date, the latter two key features are critically missing from the toolbox of artificial spiking neural network hardware, hindering the development of scalable and sustainable artificial intelligence (AI) platforms. Here, a compact, gate‐tunable neuron circuit is demonstrated, and its potential as a functional leaky integrate‐and‐fire (LIF) neuron is explored. It relies on a single nanoscale three‐terminal (3T) memristor device, which has been downscaled by 30% compared to previous work, where the set voltage and, thereby, the spiking probability of the neuron circuit can be widely tuned by the low‐voltage operation of the gate electrode. The influence of the gate voltage on the two‐terminal (2T) current–voltage characteristics is measured, statistically analyzed, and further utilized in a custom‐built LTspice model. The circuit simulations account for the experimentally observed, adjustable set voltage. The presented results demonstrate the merits of 3T memristors as compact, tunable, and versatile artificial neurons for neuromorphic computing applications.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided tissue acquisition allows a reliable proliferation assessment of small (≤20 mm) pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Nanno Yoshihide , Toyama Hirochika , Nagai Kazuyuki , Lee Dongha , Uchida Yuichiro , Ishida Jun , Takahara Takeshi , Matsumoto Ippei , Hatano Etsuro , Fukumoto Takumi
Published: October 2024

Aim

Evidence regarding the reliability of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided tissue acquisition (EUS‐TA) for assessing histological proliferation and WHO grading of small (≤20 mm) pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) is limited.

Methods

In this multicenter retrospective study, we analyzed data from 122 patients with small PanNETs who underwent EUS‐TA followed by surgical resection between 2006 and 2022. We compared the histopathological proliferation assessment and WHO grading between preoperative EUS‐TA and surgical definitive specimens.

Results

Among the 122 patients with small PanNETs (80% with surgical definitive WHO grade G1 and 20% with G2), EUS‐TA histology identified neuroendocrine tumors in 101 (83%) patients and provided WHO grading in 85 (70%) patients. Histopathological WHO grading for EUS‐TA was concordant with surgical definitive grading in 86% (73/85) of cases, overstaged in 4% (3/85), and understaged in 11% (9/85). Moderate, severe, and fatal adverse events associated with EUS‐TA, as classified by the lexicon, were not reported in this cohort.

Conclusion

EUS‐TA is a reliable method for assessing histopathological proliferation and WHO grading of small PanNETs. However, grading discordance may occur, and a risk–benefit evaluation on a per‐patient basis is recommended.
Intrinsic role of alkyl side chains in disorder, aggregates, and carrier mobility of nonfullerene acceptors for organic solar cells: A multiscale theoretical study
Authors: Zhou Rongkun , Li Chao , Wen Zihao , Zhang Chen , Shi Yijie , Hou Hao , Chen Xiaoqing , Kang Qian , Zhang Yongzhe , Yan Hui , Yu Han , Zhao Yi , Zheng Zilong , Yan He
Published: October 2024

Modifications to the alkyl side chains of Y6‐type nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) continuously break through the organic solar cells (OSCs) efficiency by enhancing electron mobility. However, the role of side chains in molecular aggregation and charge transport across different aggregates remains unclear. By employing a multiscale approach in combination with density functional theory (DFT), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC), we addressed the issue of how side chains impact molecular aggregation, energy disorder, and the formation of near‐macroscopic (∼0.3 µm) conductive network, which are critical for boosting electron mobility. Specifically, the side‐chain structure greatly influences the un‐conjugated enveloping effect on backbones within aggregates. The effect diminishes with longer linear side chains and is further minimized by using branched side chains. Though static energy disorder increased, the improved connectivity of the conductive network led to a notable increase in electron mobility (from 2.4 × 10−4 to 3.9 × 10−4 cm2·V−1·s−1). The findings offer insight into controlling molecular aggregation via alkyl side chains, which helps to further unlock the potential of Y6‐type NFAs.
Photochemical synthesis of Ag12Cu7 nanocluster with cuprophilicity‐related long‐lived phosphorescence
Authors: Wang Yu‐Xin , Zhang Fu‐Qiang , Qi Zhikai , Zhao Xingxing , Zhang Nan , Li Hongjin , Li Huan , Zhang Xian‐Ming
Published: October 2024

Atomically precise alloyed nanoclusters (NCs) have attracted widespread attention due to synergistic effect but their controllable synthesis remains a challenge. Among them, Ag–Cu alloyed NCs are particularly limited due to significant difference in redox potential, and it is highly desirable to develop controllable and mild synthesis methods. This work proves the feasibility of photochemical synthesis method for Ag12Cu7(4‐tBuPhC≡C)14(Dpppe)3Cl3(SbF6)2 (Ag12Cu7) alloyed NC that exhibits remarkable ligand‐supported cuprophilic interaction. Experimental and time‐dependent UV–Vis spectroscopy first reveals that the formation of Ag12Cu7 is a step‐by‐step process, in which light induces the reduction of Ag+ to Ag19 cluster containing two electrons, then CuCl incorporates into Ag NC to yield the target NC, providing an alternative pathway toward alloyed NCs. Remarkably, Cu···Cu interaction endows Ag12Cu7 with a strong long‐lived red phosphorescence of 30 µs at room temperature, which is superior to the majority of Ag–Cu‐alloyed NCs. Theoretical calculations indicate that the phosphorescence originates from cluster‐centered triplet–excited state modified by cuprophilic interactions, mixed with ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer.
Orthonasal and retronasal olfactory function in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps undergoing endoscopic sinonasal surgery
Authors: Boscolo‐Rizzo Paolo , Hopkins Claire , Hummel Thomas , Menini Anna , Uderzo Francesco , Provenza Giulia , Spinato Giacomo , Emanuelli Enzo , Tirelli Giancarlo
Published: October 2024

Background

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a key symptom of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Although extensively studied in CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), OD in CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) remains under‐researched. This study aims to assess the prevalence of OD and its evolution in surgically naïve patients with CRSsNP undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Methods

This prospective study included 97 participants with CRSsNP (mean age, 46.5 years; 70.1% men) and 97 healthy controls (mean age, 46.5 years; 70.1% men). Participants underwent psychophysical evaluations of orthonasal (using the Sniffin’ Sticks test) and retronasal olfaction (using powdered aromas) at enrolment and 6 months post‐ESS.

Results

Out of 97 patients, 81 (83.5%) completed all assessments. At enrolment, 23 (28.4%) CRSsNP patients had OD based on composite threshold, discrimination, identification scores, compared with 7 (8.6%) controls (absolute % difference, 19.8% [95% CI, 8.2–31.4]). Retronasal olfactory function was also significantly worse in CRSsNP patients. Six months post‐ESS, 30 patients (37.0%) experienced a clinically significant improvement in olfactory, whereas nonsignificant changes were observed in retronasal olfactory score, and 3.7% of patients experienced a deterioration of the olfactory function.

Conclusions

In conclusion, although 37% of patients experienced a clinically significant improvement in their sense of smell following ESS, the overall prevalence of OD in this surgically naive population appears relatively low, especially when compared to that observed in patients with CRSwNP. Therefore, ESS may offer some benefits for enhancing orthonasal olfactory function, but the extent of these improvements appears to be limited.
Heightened Reticulospinal Excitability after Severe Corticospinal Damage in Chronic Stroke
Authors: Mooney Ronan A. , Anaya Manuel A. , Stilling Joan M. , Celnik Pablo A.
Published: October 2024

Objective

After severe corticospinal tract damage poststroke in humans, some recovery of strength and movement proximally is evident. It is possible that alternate motor pathways, such as the reticulospinal tract, may be upregulated to compensate for the loss of corticospinal tract input. We investigated the extent of reticulospinal tract excitability modulation and its inter‐dependence on the severity of corticospinal tract damage after stroke in humans.

Methods

We used a novel startle conditioned transcranial magnetic stimulation paradigm to elicit ipsilateral motor evoked potentials, an index of reticulospinal tract excitability, in 22 chronic stroke participants with mild to severe corticospinal tract damage and 14 neurotypical age‐matched controls.

Results

We found that ipsilateral motor evoked potential presence was higher in the paretic arm of people with severe corticospinal tract damage compared to their non‐paretic arm, people with mild corticospinal tract damage, and age‐matched controls. Interestingly, ipsilateral motor evoked potential presence was correlated with motor impairment across the entire stroke cohort, whereby individuals with worse impairment exhibited more frequent ipsilateral motor evoked potentials (ie, higher reticulospinal tract excitability).

Interpretation

Following severe corticospinal tract damage, upregulated reticulospinal tract activity may compensate for a loss of corticospinal tract input, providing some proximal recovery of isolated and within‐synergy movements, but deficits in performing out of synergy movements and finger fractionation remain. Interventions aimed at modulating the reticulospinal tract could be beneficial or detrimental to ameliorating motor impairment depending on the degree of reliance on this pathway for residual motor output. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:163–174
Promoting WLED‐Excited High Temperature Long Afterglow by Orthogonally Anchoring Chromophores into 0D Metal‐Organic Cages
Authors: Wang Zhong‐Hao , Liu Chen‐Hui , Zheng Lin , Sun Hui‐Li , Guan Shao‐Qi , Cao Zhong‐Min , Pan Mei , Su Cheng‐Yong
Published: October 2024

Afterglow materials have garnered significant interest due to distinct photophysical characteristics. However, it is still difficult to achieve long afterglow phosphorescence from organic molecules due to aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) and energy dissipation. In addition, most materials reported so far have long afterglow emission only at room or even low temperatures, and mainly use UV light as an excitation source. In this work, we report a strategy to achieve high temperature long afterglow emission through the assembly of isolated 0D metal‐organic cages (MOCs). In which, both ACQ and phosphorescence quenching effects are effectively mitigated by altering the stacking mode of organic chromophores through orthogonally anchoring into the edges of cubic MOCs. Furthermore, improvement in molecular rigidity, promotion of spin‐orbit coupling and broadening of the absorption range are achieved through the MOC‐engineering strategy. As a result, we successfully synthesized MOCs that can produce afterglow emission even after excitation by WLEDs at high temperatures (380 K). Moreover, the MOCs are capable of generating afterglow emissions when excited by mobile phone flashlight at room temperature. Given these features, the potential applications of MOCs in the visual identification of explosives, information encryption and multicolor display are explored.
Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohol Over Copper(II)‐Based Metal–Organic Framework: Synthesis, X‐Ray Structure, and Catalytic Study
Authors: Debnath Rakesh , Ghosh Pameli , Koner Subratanath
Published: October 2024

A copper‐based one‐dimensional framework compound [Cu2(L1)4(L2)]n (1) [L1 = 3‐(2‐thienyl)acrylic acid, L2 = 4,4′‐bipyridine] has been synthesized by slow diffusion of layers technique and characterized by spectroscopic methods and single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that the compound is crystallized in the triclinic crystal system with space group Pī. Two neighboring Cu centers are bridged by four carboxylato groups from four different L1 ligands, leading to the formation of a paddle‐wheel [Cu2(COO−)4] secondary building unit (SBU). The paddle‐wheel units are interconnected by bidentate 4,4′‐bipyridine ligands to form a one‐dimensional infinite chain network. In [Cu2(L1)4(L2)]n (1), Cu(II) ion features a penta‐coordinated environment around it. Notably, [Cu2(L1)4(L2)]n (1) is capable of activating molecular oxygen to efficiently catalyze the oxidation of alcohols under base‐free conditions.
Advances in catalyst design and reaction strategies for carbon‐neutral conversion of bioglycerol to propylene, 1,2‐propanediol, and hydrogen
Authors: El Doukkali M. , Dumeignil F.
Published: October 2024

The inevitable depletion of fossil resources and the resulting anthropogenic climate change require a shift towards renewable feedstocks and eco‐friendly technologies for greener energy, fuel, and chemicals production. This mini‐review highlights our relevant research contributions to advance the production of carbon‐neutral propylene, 1,2‐propanediol and biohydrogen through thermo‐chemical conversion of biomass‐derived glycerol, using various heterogeneous catalysts. These achievements, recently recognized by the “ACI/NBB Glycerine Innovation Award,” are organized into shared sections: (i) economic and environmental benefits of utilizing surplus bioglycerol, as feedstock, (ii) strategies to improve the properties of transition metals‐based catalysts (e.g., Pt, Pd, Ni, Cu or Mo supported on γ‐Al2O3 or SiO2) for glycerol conversion via: steam reforming, aqueous‐phase reforming, hydrogenolysis, and hydrodeoxygenation reactions, (iii) discussion on the catalytic roles of metallic, acidic and/or redox sites, and keys factors affecting catalyst stability and selectivity in these reactions operated under H2O‐rich conditions, and (iv) assessment of reaction configurations and operating conditions for improved glycerol conversion into the target product, H2 utilization efficiency and CO2 emissions. The insights aim to guide the continuous improvement of bioglycerol upgrading processes.
Postnatal Wing Morph of Pea Aphids Regulates Hemolymph Trehalose Levels
Authors: Yoshinaga Mayu , Soma Naomi , Kikuta Shingo
Published: October 2024

Trehalose, a nonreducing disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules, functions as a critical energy source in various insect tissues and organs and is the predominant sugar component of the hemolymph. The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, exhibits higher hemolymph trehalose levels than other insects. However, the dynamics of hemolymph trehalose levels throughout its life stages remain unclear owing to the challenges associated with obtaining hemolymph from these small insects. Therefore, this study was conducted to quantify hemolymph trehalose levels in A. pisum using a fluorescent trehalose sensor (Tre‐C04), which enhances green fluorescent protein fluorescence through the binding of trehalose to a ligand‐binding protein fused to the fluorophore. Trehalose levels were successfully quantified in minimal hemolymph samples from individual aphids, with measurements spanning from the first nymphal stage to the adult stage in both the winged and wingless forms of A. pisum. Hemolymph trehalose levels remained relatively stable throughout the life cycle but exhibited a gradual increase with each developmental stage. Notably, adult winged aphids exhibited significantly higher hemolymph trehalose levels than wingless aphids. Given that wing morph determination occurs early in the nymphal stage, these findings suggest that hemolymph trehalose levels are regulated post‐wing morph development. Further investigation of the expression of genes associated with trehalose metabolism revealed that trehalose phosphate synthase 2 levels were downregulated in early‐stage wingless adults, whereas insulin‐related peptide 5 levels were upregulated in wingless aphids. These findings indicate that A. pisum synthesizes trehalose during the winged adult stage to serve as an energy source for flight.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized γ‐Lactams via Ugi Reaction/Michael Addition
Authors: Vidal Herika D. A. , Nunes Paulo S. G. , Martinez Alice K. A. , Januário Marcelo A. P. , Santiago Pedro H. O. , Ellena Javier , Corrêa Arlene G.
Published: October 2024

The γ‐lactam ring is a prominent feature in medicinal chemistry, and its synthesis has garnered significant interest due to its valuable properties. Among the γ‐lactams, 2‐oxopyrrolidine‐3‐carbonitrile derivatives stand out as versatile synthons that can be readily transformed into a variety of other functional groups. In this work, we successfully synthesized highly functionalized 3‐cyano‐2‐pyrrolidinones with moderate to good overall yields using the Ugi reaction followed by intramolecular Michael addition. The process demonstrated excellent diastereoselectivity and showed good tolerance to a range of isonitriles and carbonyl compounds.
Idiosyncratic pupil regulation in autistic children
Authors: Bleimeister Isabel H. , Avni Inbar , Granovetter Michael C. , Meiri Gal , Ilan Michal , Michaelovski Analya , Menashe Idan , Behrmann Marlene , Dinstein Ilan
Published: October 2024

Recent neuroimaging and eye‐tracking studies have suggested that children with autism exhibit more variable and idiosyncratic brain responses and eye movements than typically developing (TD) children. Here, we extended this research to pupillometry recordings. We successfully acquired pupillometry recordings from 111 children (74 with autism), 4.5‐years‐old on average, who viewed three 90 s movies, twice. We extracted their pupillary time‐course for each movie, capturing their stimulus evoked pupillary responses. We then computed the correlation between the time‐course of each child and those of all others in their group as well as between each autistic child and all children in the TD group. This yielded an average inter‐subject correlation value per child, representing how similar their pupillary responses were to all others in their group or the comparison group. Children with autism exhibited significantly weaker inter‐subject correlations than TD children in all comparisons. These differences were independent of previously reported differences in gaze inter‐subject correlations and were largest in responses to a naturalistic movie containing footage of a social interaction between two TD children. The results demonstrate the utility of measuring the idiosyncrasy of pupil regulation, which can be performed with passive viewing of movies even by young children with co‐occurring intellectual disability. These findings reveal that a considerable number of children with autism have significantly less stable, idiosyncratic pupil regulation than TD children, indicative of more variable, weakly regulated, underlying neural activity.
Electrochemical Glucose Sensors: Classification, Catalyst Innovation, and Sampling Mode Evolution
Authors: Song Chenyang , Guo Jian , Wang Yuhan , Xiang Hongying , Yang Yufeng
Published: October 2024

Glucose sensors are essential tools for monitoring blood glucose concentration in diabetic patients. In recent years, with the increasing number of individuals suffering from diabetes, blood glucose monitoring has become extremely necessary, which expedites the iteration and upgrade of glucose sensors greatly. Currently, two main types of glucose sensors are available for blood glucose testing: enzyme‐based glucose sensor (EBGS) and enzyme‐free glucose sensor (EFGS). For EBGS, several progresses have been made to comprehensively improve detection performance, ranging from enhancing enzyme activity, thermostability, and electron transfer properties, to introducing new materials with superior properties. For EFGS, more and more new metallic materials and their oxides are being applied to further optimize its blood glucose monitoring. Here the latest progress of electrochemical glucose sensors, their manufacturing methods, electrode materials, electrochemical parameters, and applications were summarized, the development glucose sensors with various noninvasive sampling modes were also compared.
Stakeholder and customer engagement in circular economy ecosystems: A systematic literature review and research agenda
Authors: Tabas Abdollah Mohammadparst , Rehman Mohsin Abdur , Khitous Fatima , Urbinati Andrea
Published: October 2024

In the dynamic landscape of circular economy ecosystems, the engagement between stakeholders and customers plays a crucial role in the transition toward circular economy. On the one side, stakeholders collectively engage in generating value for customers, while on the other, customers benefit from this value. This literature especially highlights the collaborative and collective efforts of stakeholders working together to create value for customers and how these efforts allow for the effectiveness of circular economy ecosystems. However, existing literature lacks a holistic understanding of how stakeholders and customers engage in circular economy ecosystems with each other. Our research takes stock of this research gap. In particular, our literature review aims to fill this gap by systematically selecting, reviewing, and synthesizing 77 articles sourced from Scopus and Web of Science databases. Our analysis shows the importance of the configuration of strategies for value creation and exchange, and ecosystem dynamics, including the drivers and barriers that affect the effectiveness of stakeholder and customer engagement in circular economy ecosystems. Moreover, the findings highlight the importance of raising awareness for customer engagement with circular products and services. Finally, we present an integrated framework that encompasses stakeholder and customer engagement along with the theoretical lenses that can be used to deepen our understanding of the phenomenon. Ultimately, the proposed framework outlines future research directions to advance stakeholder and customer engagement in circular economy ecosystems.
Digital transformation and corporate green innovation: An affordance theory perspective
Authors: Sun Zhe , Zhao Liang , Mehrotra Ankit , Salam Muhammad Asif , Yaqub Muhammad Zafar
Published: October 2024

The rise of cutting‐edge technologies motivates corporations to undertake and carry forward green innovation, aiding economic development by maintaining environmental sustainability. Using A‐share listed firms from 2013 to 2022 as the research sample, the paper empirically examines the impact of digital transformation on corporate green innovation from an affordance perspective. The findings suggest that the higher the level of digital transformation, backed by accumulative and variational affordances, in a firm, the more conducive it is to corporate green innovation as it enables the homogenization, recombination, and transformation of existing information related to green environmental protection and low‐carbon energy efficiency, facilitating firms to achieve targeted and breakthrough green innovations. The analysis of the moderating effects of public environmental concern, economic policy uncertainty, and regional innovation readiness suggested that public environmental concern and regional innovation readiness positively moderate the relationship between digital transformation and corporate green innovation, while economic policy uncertainty perception negatively moderates this relationship. Heterogeneity analyses suggest that digital transformation positively affects corporate green innovation within labor‐intensive firms and state‐owned enterprises. The study contributes to the literature by enhancing our understanding of the affordance theory in the domain of digital transformation. By investigating the key organizational and institutional affordances – economic policy uncertainty perception, public environmental concern, and regional innovation readiness – the research provides valuable insight to policymakers in fostering green innovation.
Analytical and clinical validation of a NGS panel in detecting targetable variants from ctDNA of metastatic NSCLC patients
Authors: Fan Feifei , Jiang Guozhong , Lv Juan , Wang Hongmin , Li Wenjie , Liu Chenglin , Zhao Yu , Zhang Zhou , Du Haiwei , Zhang Zhihong , Li Xiangnan , Li Wen‐cai
Published: October 2024

Background

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a promising biomarker for noninvasive cancer diagnostics, particularly in the context of metastatic non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Detecting targetable variants through ctDNA analysis offers the potential to guide treatment decisions, especially in cases where tissue samples are insufficient or unavailable.

Method

In this study, we developed and validated a next‐generation sequencing panel targeting 101 cancer‐related genes (101‐test) to detect somatic variants in ctDNA from a large cohort of Chinese patients with metastatic NSCLC. The performance of the 101‐test was assessed by evaluating its limit of detection (LOD), accuracy, and precision in identifying molecular variants. Additionally, the concordance between ctDNA and tissue samples for detecting targetable variants was analyzed in 904 patients.

Results

The 101‐test demonstrated a LOD of 0.38% for single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs), 0.33% for insertions and deletions (InDels), and 0.33% for fusions. Sensitivity was 98.3% for SNVs, 100% for InDels, and 100% for fusions when compared to digital droplet PCR (ddPCR)/breakpoint PCR reference methods. The by‐variant sensitivity for somatic variants was 97.5%, with a specificity of 99.9% between tumor‐only and tumor‐normal analyses. In a real‐world cohort, the concordance between ctDNA and tissue samples for identifying targetable variants was 72.2% (457/633). Notably, the EGFR S768I variant, recently recommended by clinical guidelines, achieved an 80% concordance rate. Furthermore, 4.3% of patients (27/633) with targetable variants were identified exclusively through ctDNA testing.

Conclusion

The ctDNA‐based 101‐test is a highly sensitive and specific tool for detecting targetable variants in metastatic NSCLC, particularly in cases with insufficient tissue samples. The findings support the use of ctDNA testing as a reliable and complementary method to traditional tissue‐based molecular analysis, enhancing the precision of treatment strategies for NSCLC patients.
TRPM8 overexpression suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression and improves survival by modulating the RTP3/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Chen Lichan , Xu Nansong , Gou DongMei , Song Jianning , Zhou Mingqin , Zhang Yajun , Zhang Haohua , Zhu Liwen , Huang Weihong , Zhu Yue , Gao Cheng , Gu Dayong , Xu Yong , Zhou Hongzhong
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumour associated with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Recently, TRPM8 was reported to play an important role in tumour progression. However, the precise role of TRPM8 in HCC remains unclear. In this study, we explored the expression levels, molecular functions and underlying mechanisms of TRPM8 in HCC.

Methods

Tissue samples were used to analyse the expression of TRPM8 to assess its diagnostic value for prognosis. Cell Counting Kit‐8, EdU and colony formation assays were performed to evaluate the effects of TRPM8 on cell proliferation, whereas the Transwell assay was used to assess cell migration and invasion. The role of TRPM8 in vivo was evaluated using a mouse subcutaneous xenograft tumour model. We performed PPI network analyses to understand the possible mechanisms of TRPM8 action.

Results

TRPM8 expression was decreased in HCC tissues and was correlated with histological grade and poor patient prognosis. Functionally, TRPM8 repressed the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo by modulating the RTP3/STAT3 signalling pathway.

Conclusion

Our findings underscore the critical role of the TRPM8‐RTP3‐STAT3 axis in maintaining the malignant progression of HCC. Moreover, our study demonstrates that AD80 is involved in anti‐tumour processes by upregulating the expression of TRPM8.
Parents' Distress and Demands for Children With Cancer‐Related Cognitive Impairment in Western China: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Liu Tao , Xu LiFang , Shen Yuqing , Chen Zefang , Yao Juan , Mo Lin
Published: October 2024

Backgroud

Cancer‐related cognitive impairment is one of the common complications in children with cancer, but our understanding of their experience with cognitive deficits remains limited. From the perspective of parents, this study aimed to explore the distress and demands faced by children with cancer‐related cognitive impairment, to provide references for developing targeted intervention strategies for cancer children.

Methods

We used a purposeful sampling method to conduct semi‐structured interviews with the parents of 18 children with cancer‐related cognitive impairment. The transcripts were analyzed using Colaizzi's method.

Results

Three categories and 11 subcategories were obtained from the data analysis, including diverse levels of cognitive impairment in children (speech communication difficulties, impaired executive function, attention deficit, and intellectual disability), persistent negative emotions (anxiety and worry, complaints and resentment, negative avoidance and positive experiences after psychological adjustment), multiple needs (need for disease information, need for professional management, and an urgent need for more external support).

Conclusion

Parents of children with cancer‐related cognitive impairment face a significant psychological burden, coupled with confusion and numerous inquiries regarding the symptoms and management of their children's cognitive impairment. It is imperative for medical professionals to strengthen the dissemination of information related to cancer‐associated cognitive impairments, while promptly recognizing and intervening in related symptoms. Rational allocation of resources, establishment of targeted support systems, and enhancement of social acceptance may be the key points that policymakers could consider. These efforts hold immense significance, as they play a pivotal role in elevating cognitive capabilities and enhancing the overall quality of life for children with cancer.
Polyphenolic Profile and In vitro, In Silico Study of Stem Extracts from J. Maritimus (Juncaceae) Harvested from Eastern Algeria as Potential Anti‐Inflammatory and Antioxidant Agents
Authors: Zeroual Samir , Daoud Ismail , Gaouaoui Randa , Kherachi Rania
Published: October 2024

Juncus maritimusan extremophilous microorganism speciesknown for its medicinal properties was collected in the Biskra region with the aim of its valorization. The volume size of polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins was performed using the Folin‐Ciocalteu method, aluminum trichloride and vanillin respectively. The volume of Polyphenols was 127.73±0.20 μg EAG/mg ES, the volume offlavonoids was 16.42±0.42 μg EQ/mg ES, and the volume ofcondensed tannins was 10.10±0.35 μg EC/mg ES. The results of the antioxidant activity tests using the DPPH and ABTS methods reveal that the ethyl acetate extract had the highest activity in both tests. The results of the in vitro anti‐inflammatory activity, using the BSA protein denaturation assay, showed that the percentage of denaturation inhibition wasproportional to the concentration of the extract. At a concentration of 5 mg/mL, the inhibition percentage of the extract were 82.03 % and 80.23 %, respectively,which wereclose tothose of theanti‐inflammatory drug Diclofenac.Furthermore, molecular docking simulations indicated that Berberine has high binding affinity to the targets COX‐2 and PLA‐2 In fact,bioisosteric replacement is being usedto discover new analogs of Berberine. Finally, ADME‐Tox predictions demonstrated that this compound and its analogs were not hepatotoxic. This result may lead to the selection ofBerberine and its analogs as active compounds with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
Human 8‐Oxoguanine Glycosylase OGG1 Cleaves Abasic Sites and Covalently Conjugates to 3′‐DNA Termini via Cysteine and Histidine Addition
Authors: Bryan Cameron , Yang Kun
Published: October 2024

8‐Oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1) repairs the major oxidative DNA damage, 8‐oxo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine. It has been reported that OGG1 incises the most frequently formed DNA lesion, apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site, and in the process a stable DNA‐OGG1 cross‐link is formed. However, the chemical structure of the adduct is not characterized. Here, we report that DNA‐OGG1 cross‐links result from cysteine and histidine addition to incised AP sites at 3′‐DNA termini.
Impact of Flame Conditions on the Pd‐O Structure and Methane Oxidation Activity over Ceria Support
Authors: Wang Can , Najimu Musa , Ko Ben , Sasmaz Erdem
Published: October 2024

In this work, we employed flame spray pyrolysis (FSP), a high‐temperature synthesis method, to control the formation of Pd structures on the CeO2 support. Multiple types of Pd structures deposited on CeO2 are observed on FSP‐made samples. Our results show that the oxidizing environment during FSP synthesis facilitates the formation of incorporated Pd2+ structures, along with highly dispersed Pd2+, Pd0 nanoparticles, and Pd° clusters formed under the reducing synthesis condition. Notably, these Pd2+ species remained stable at temperatures up to 400 °C. The catalysts containing both highly dispersed Pd2+ nanoparticles and incorporated Pd2+ species demonstrated superior methane oxidation activity, with higher turnover frequencies than those containing only one type of Pd2+ structure. However, hydrothermal pretreatment in the presence of water vapor led to partial deactivation, likely due to structural alterations in the Pd species or the interaction with the CeO2 support, which reduced the stability and effectiveness of the active sites. This study underscores the importance of both highly dispersed and incorporated Pd2+ species in enhancing catalytic performance and highlights the challenges posed by water‐induced deactivation in practical applications.
Application of Deep Neural Network Technology for Multi‐scale CFD Modeling in Porous Media
Authors: Li Jiaxu , Liu Tingting , Jia Shuqin , Xu Chao , Fan Tingxuan , Huai Ying
Published: October 2024

System‐scale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations in chemical and process engineering remain limited owing to the complexity of integrating the results obtained at different scales. The present study addresses this issue by correlating the flow behaviors calculated by CFD in porous media at the micro‐scale and the macro‐scale using deep neural network (DNN) technology. The DNN model is trained using a dataset constructed from the results obtained for a large number of particle‐scale CFD simulations that are coupled to macroscopic governing equations. Comparisons with experimental results obtained with a packed bed show that the proposed CFD‐DNN method provides predictions of pressure drop with an accuracy that is 28% greater than that of a method based on the Ergun equation.
Fortuitous Enantiomeric Self‐Rectification of an Unreported Partial Racemisation in the Synthesis of a Chiral Phosphoric Acid: A Warning to Practitioners
Authors: Lancaster Ben M. J. , White Andrew J. P. , Christopher Braddock D.
Published: October 2024

Racemisation without Consequence: MOM deprotection during a routine synthesis of phosphoric acid 1 promoted partial racemisation of the product BINOL 5. Surprisingly, however, after phosphorylation of the partially racemised BINOL, enantiopure acid 1 was isolated. Further inspection revealed that during phosphorylation, unhydrolysed racemic phosphorochloridate 6 precipitated, thus restoring homochirality in the product phosphoric acid 1. Moreover, MOM deprotection partial racemisation was avoided by conducting reactions at lower temperatures for no longer than the required deprotection time, and/or by application of other deprotection conditions from the literature.
Financial toxicity in early‐phase cancer clinical trial participants
Authors: Durbin Sienna M. , Lundquist Debra , Pelletier Andrea , Petrillo Laura A. , Bame Viola , Turbini Victoria , Heldreth Hope , Lynch Kaitlyn , Boulanger Mary , Lam Anh , McIntyre Casandra , Ferrell Betty R. , Jimenez Rachel , Juric Dejan , Nipp Ryan D.
Published: October 2024

Background

Little is known about financial toxicity in early‐phase clinical trial (EP‐CT) participants. This study sought to describe financial toxicity in EP‐CT participants and assess associations with patient characteristics and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs).

Methods

Prospectively enrolled EP‐CT participants from were followed from April 2021 through January 2023. Participants completed the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (<26 = financial toxicity) at time of treatment. Quality of life (QOL), symptoms, coping, and resource concerns were surveyed. Associations of financial toxicity with patient characteristics, PROs, and clinical outcomes were explored.

Results

Of 261 eligible patients, 197 completed baseline assessments (75.5%, median age = 63.4 years [31.8‐88.6], 57.4% female). Most common cancers were gastrointestinal (33.0%) and breast (20.8%). More than one third (34.0%) of patients reported financial toxicity. Patients with financial toxicity were more likely to be <65 years (70.2% vs 48.5%, p = .004), unemployed (45.5% vs 16.9%, p < .001), not have attended college (53.1% vs 26.4%, p = .002), and have income <$60,000 (59.7% vs 25.4%, p < .001). In adjusted models, patients with financial toxicity reported lower QOL (B = –6.66, p = .004) and acceptance (B = –0.78, p = .002), and increased self‐blame (B = 0.87, p < .001). They were more likely to have concerns regarding housing (10.6% vs 2.3%, p = .025), bills (31.8% vs 3.8%, p < .001), food (9.1% vs 0.8%, p = .006), and employment (21.2% vs 1.5%, p < .001). There was no difference in time on trial (hazard ratio, 1.03; p = .860) or survival (hazard ratio, 1.16; p = .496).

Conclusions

More than one third of EP‐CT participants reported financial toxicity. Factors associated with financial toxicity and demonstrated novel associations among financial toxicity with QOL, coping, and resource concerns were identified, highlighting the need to address financial toxicity among this population.
Environmental, social and governance practices: A new perspective from Asian developing countries
Authors: Abu Afifa Malik , Nguyen Nha Minh , Vo Dao Truc Thi , Van Bui Duong , Van Hien Vo
Published: October 2024

The study explores the relationship between corporate social responsibility practice (CSRP), firm performance (FIPE), and environmental, social and governance practice (ESGP) within the context of several developing countries in Asia. Using the Thomson Reuters Eikon database, our focus sample comprised 6927 firms operating in 10 developing Asian countries, namely Indonesia, Israel, Jordan, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Turkey, and Vietnam. After a thorough screening process, a total of 817 firms were included in the final dataset, covering the years 2019 to 2023, resulting in 4085 firm‐year observations. Through the use of maximum likelihood structural equation modeling (ML‐SEM), our findings reveal that CSRP and FIPE positively influence ESGP within the Asian context. Additionally, the FIPE variable demonstrates an additional mediating role in the relationship between CSRP and ESGP. Furthermore, carbon emission (CAEM) plays a significant moderating role in the CSRP‐ESGP nexus. By focusing on enhancing CSRP, FIPE, and reducing CAEM, both businesses and governments can collaboratively work towards advancing sustainability efforts across the region. Therefore, the paper provides insight in this context using empirical evidence from 10 developing Asian countries.
Controlling Chelation and Esterification in Pechini Synthesis for Enhancing Chemical Looping Steam Methane Reforming Using LaFeO3 Perovskite
Authors: Kim Yikyeom , Jeong Euichul , Kim Hyeon Seok , Lee Jae W.
Published: October 2024

The properties of an oxygen carrier, such as crystalline structure, textural properties, and surface chemical species, significantly influence the redox performance in thermochemical redox applications. This study presents the synthesis of various lanthanum orthoferrite (LaFeO3) perovskites by adjusting Pechini synthesis parameters, including chelating agent ratio, calcination temperature, and solution pH. A larger surface area emerged as a dominant factor contributing to improved redox performance. The porosity of the polyester resin proves crucial in achieving a large surface area and a small particle size for the oxygen carrier. This goal could be attained by controlling the pH of the precursor solution. A low degree of chelation or precipitation may lead to uneven cation distribution, resulting in the enrichment of trace hydroxide impurities. These impurities can suppress the reducibility of particles during the looping experiment. Various investigations, using XRD, XPS, XAS, SEM, and N2 physisorption, revealed that porosity and crystallinity can be controlled by altering the synthesis parameters.
Guidelines for Identifying the Structure of Heavy Phenolics in Lignin Depolymerization by using High‐Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Cui Cunhao , Zhu Linyu , Shi Zaifa , Zhou Zhongyue , Qi Fei
Published: October 2024

The efficient conversion of lignin contributes to reducing human reliance on fossil energy. As a complicated biopolymer, studies on the mechanism of lignin depolymerization is limited by inadequate structural identification of high molecular weight (MW) products like heavy phenolics. Up to now, no individual method can generate both MW and structural information in operando conditions. As a promising approach, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) techniques can provide structural information via the dissociation of target ions. In this study, MS/MS technique was performed both in offline and in‐situ mode during lignin depolymerization. The fundamental guidelines based on MS/MS dissociation principles for typical inter‐unit linkages like β‐O‐4, 5‐5, β‐β, β‐5, and β‐1 were well established. Based on that, major phenolic dimers are successfully identified, including chemical formula and types of inter‐unit linkages. More significantly, real‐time monitoring of structural evolution was achieved by applying in‐situ MS/MS analysis during lignin depolymerization. The results show the different evolution pathways of isomers with same chemical formula, confirming that structural changes during lignin depolymerization are common and obvious. Overall, this study develops an advanced strategy for the full‐view analysis of lignin depolymerization, achieving the static analysis of composition and structure, both monitoring the dynamic evolution of structures.
Seasonal and diel patterns in Black Sea harbour porpoise acoustic activity in 2020–2022
Authors: Ivanchikova Julia , Tregenza Nick , Popov Dimitar , Meshkova Galina , Paiu Romulus‐Marian , Timofte Costin , Amaha Öztürk Ayaka , Tonay Arda M. , Dede Ayhan , Özsandıkçı Uğur , Kopaliani Natia , Dekanoidze Davit , Gurielidze Zurab , Vishnyakova Karina , Hammond Philip S. , Gol'din Pavel
Published: October 2024

The Black Sea is a semi‐enclosed inland sea with an unevenly distributed extensive coastal shelf area and anoxic deep waters. It is inhabited by common and bottlenose dolphins, as well as harbour porpoises, all represented by local subspecies. Between September 2020 and October 2022, 19 F‐PODs deployed by research teams from Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Türkiye and Ukraine collected data on acoustic activity of Black Sea harbour porpoises. Strong seasonal and diel patterns were found, which varied in three regions. In the south‐eastern part of the Black Sea, harbour porpoise acoustic activity was higher from January to May, with a peak in April. This pattern agrees with the seasonal anchovy migration from the winter spawning grounds in warmer waters in the south‐eastern region to feeding grounds on the productive shallow north‐west shelf. The diel pattern showed strong nocturnal acoustic activity, which is consistent with anchovy vertical migration. Porpoises on the western side of the Black Sea exhibited a bimodal seasonal pattern in acoustic activity, with a larger peak in April and a smaller one in October. Diel activity was primarily nocturnal. On the north‐west shelf, harbour porpoise acoustic activity was mostly recorded during the warm period from April to October. The diel pattern showed activity mainly during daylight with two peaks: a smaller one approximately at dawn and a larger one at dusk. This pattern is similar to the vertical migrations of sprat. Overall, the results of the study were consistent with the prey being an important driver of seasonal and diel dynamics of harbour porpoise acoustic activity.