bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comments on “The nature of theory in information systems”
Authors: Hussain Sajjad , Dar Imran Bashir
Published: December 2020

This commentary is on Shirley Gregor’s (2006) article titled “The Nature of Theory in Information Systems”, published in MIS Quarterly. In terms of theories, five types have been prominent in Gregor’s classification: (a) Theory of Analyzing (b) Theory of Explaining (c) Theory of Prediction (d) Theory of Explaining and Predicting (e) Theory of Design and Action. The author argued that this can help researchers to choose a differing epistemological approach to develop a theory that is under development. Furthermore, a structural breakdown of the theory has been projected that gives a better and clear understanding of the essential parts of the theory to researchers. However, some important questions emerge after reading the most cited article about the nature of theory in IS. The major ones are: (a) What is the difference between theory in general and theory in IS?, (b) Are the structural parts of the theory described by Gregor exhaustive and correctly presented?, (c) Different classifications of theories presented by Gregor are theory or theorizing in nature, and finally, (d) Gregor argued that management scientists did not provide anything regarding design and action theory, is that true?
American Society of Clinical Oncology Road to Recovery Report: Learning From the COVID-19 Experience to Improve Clinical Research and Cancer Care
Authors: Pennell Nathan A. , Dillmon Melissa , Levit Laura A. , Moushey E. Allyn , Alva Ajjai S. , Blau Sibel , Cannon Timothy L. , Dickson Natalie R. , Diehn Maximilian , Gonen Mithat , Gonzalez Maria Magdalena , Hensold Jack O. , Hinyard Leslie J. , King Tari , Lindsey Stacie C. , Magnuson Allison , Marron Jonathan , McAneny Barbara L. , McDonnell Theresa M. , Mileham Kathryn Finch , Nasso Shelley Fuld , Nowakowski Grzegorz S. , Oettel Kurt R. , Patel Manali I. , Patt Debra A. , Perlmutter Jane , Pickard Todd A. , Rodriguez Gladys , Rosenberg Abby R. , Russo Barry , Szczepanek Connie , Smith Cardinale B. , Srivastava Piyush , Teplinsky Eleonora , Thota Ramya , Traina Tiffany A. , Zon Robin , Bourbeau Brian , Bruinooge Suanna S. , Foster Shelagh , Grubbs Stephen , Hagerty Karen , Hurley Patricia , Kamin Deborah , Phillips Jonathan , Schenkel Caroline , Schilsky Richard L. , Burris Howard A.
Published: December 2020

This report presents the American Society of Clinical Oncology’s (ASCO’s) evaluation of the adaptations in care delivery, research operations, and regulatory oversight made in response to the coronavirus pandemic and presents recommendations for moving forward as the pandemic recedes. ASCO organized its recommendations for clinical research around five goals to ensure lessons learned from the COVID-19 experience are used to craft a more equitable, accessible, and efficient clinical research system that protects patient safety, ensures scientific integrity, and maintains data quality. The specific goals are: (1) ensure that clinical research is accessible, affordable, and equitable; (2) design more pragmatic and efficient clinical trials; (3) minimize administrative and regulatory burdens on research sites; (4) recruit, retain, and support a well-trained clinical research workforce; and (5) promote appropriate oversight and review of clinical trial conduct and results. Similarly, ASCO also organized its recommendations regarding cancer care delivery around five goals: (1) promote and protect equitable access to high-quality cancer care; (2) support safe delivery of high-quality cancer care; (3) advance policies to ensure oncology providers have sufficient resources to provide high-quality patient care; (4) recognize and address threats to clinician, provider, and patient well-being; and (5) improve patient access to high-quality cancer care via telemedicine. ASCO will work at all levels to advance the recommendations made in this report.
Head-to-head study of oxelumab and adalimumab in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis based on NOD/Scid IL2Rγnull mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Jodeleit Henrika , Winkelmann Paula , Caesar Janina , Sterz Sebastian , Holdt Lesca M. , Beigel Florian , Stallhofer Johannes , Breiteneicher Simone , Bartnik Eckart , Leeuw Thomas , Siebeck Matthias , Gropp Roswitha
Published: December 2020

This study's aim was to demonstrate that the combination of patient immune profiling and testing in a humanized mouse model of ulcerative colitis (UC) might lead to patient stratification for treatment with oxelumab. First, immunological profiles of UC patients and non-UC donors were analyzed for CD4+ T cells expressing OX40 (CD134; also known as TNFRSF4) and CD14+ monocytes expressing OX40L (CD252; also known as TNFSF4) by flow cytometric analysis. A significant difference was observed between the groups for CD14+ OX40L+ (UC: n=11, 85.44±21.17, mean±s.d.; non-UC: n=5, 30.7±34.92; P=0.02), whereas no significant difference was detected for CD4+ OX40+. CD14+ OX40L+ monocytes were correlated significantly with T helper 1 and 2 cells. Second, NOD/Scid IL2Rγ null mice were reconstituted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from UC donors exhibiting elevated levels of OX40L, and the efficacy of oxelumab was compared with that of adalimumab. The clinical, colon and histological scores and the serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and glutamic acid were assessed. Treatment with oxelumab or adalimumab resulted in significantly reduced clinical, colon and histological scores, reduced serum concentrations of IL-6 and reduced frequencies of splenic human effector memory T cells and switched B cells. Comparison of the efficacy of adalimumab and oxelumab by orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis revealed that oxelumab was slightly superior to adalimumab; however, elevated serum concentrations of glutamic acid suggested ongoing inflammation. These results suggest that oxelumab addresses the pro-inflammatory arm of inflammation while promoting the remodeling arm and that patients exhibiting elevated levels of OX40L might benefit from treatment with oxelumab.
Rheotaxis revisited: a multi-behavioral and multisensory perspective on how fish orient to flow
Authors: Coombs Sheryl , Bak-Coleman Joe , Montgomery John
Published: December 2020

Here, we review fish rheotaxis (orientation to flow) with the goal of placing it within a larger behavioral and multisensory context. Rheotaxis is a flexible behavior that is used by fish in a variety of circumstances: to search for upstream sources of current-borne odors, to intercept invertebrate drift and, in general, to conserve energy while preventing downstream displacement. Sensory information available for rheotaxis includes water-motion cues to the lateral line and body-motion cues to visual, vestibular or tactile senses when fish are swept downstream. Although rheotaxis can be mediated by a single sense, each sense has its own limitations. For example, lateral line cues are limited by the spatial characteristics of flow, visual cues by water visibility, and vestibular and other body-motion cues by the ability of fish to withstand downstream displacement. The ability of multiple senses to compensate for any single-sense limitation enables rheotaxis to persist over a wide range of sensory and flow conditions. Here, we propose a mechanism of rheotaxis that can be activated in parallel by one or more senses; a major component of this mechanism is directional selectivity of central neurons to broad patterns of water and/or body motions. A review of central mechanisms for vertebrate orienting behaviors and optomotor reflexes reveals several motorsensory integration sites in the CNS that could be involved in rheotaxis. As such, rheotaxis provides an excellent opportunity for understanding the multisensory control of a simple vertebrate behavior and how a simple motor act is integrated with others to form complex behaviors.
Depletion of praziquantel from gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) muscle plus skin
Authors: KOGIANNOU DIMITRA , RIGOS GEORGE
Published: December 2020

The depletion pattern of praziquantel (PZQ) from gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) muscle plus skin was determined in this study. Fish averaging 100.2 ± 17.7 g and kept at 25oC received a PZQ-dosing of 150 mg/kg fish for 3 days. Muscle plus skin of each of ten fish were collected on days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 days post-treatment. Depletion of PZQ from the edible gilthead sea bream tissues was rapid, as its concentrations declined to 0.04 μg/g as early as 24 h post-treatment, while was undetectable at 72 h. This information confirms the fact that PZQ is depleted fast from farmed animals including fish such as the gilthead sea bream and its levels in edible tissues failed below the detection limit in approximately 75 dd.
Economic basis of management of religious organizations
Authors: Stolyarov Vladimir , Pozdnyak Svetlana
Published: December 2020

The textbook discusses the economic basis of the economic activity of Orthodox religious organizations. Its chapters are devoted to the characteristics of the Russian Orthodox Church as an economic system, the ownership of religious organizations, their financial and economic activities, business activities, taxation, labor relations and remuneration. General laws of the main economic relations and processes, mechanisms of their implementation are revealed. Theories, concepts and approaches, possible models of successful management of religious organizations are presented. Each Chapter presents a set of tasks that make up the workshop. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher theological education. It can be useful for teachers, undergraduates, practitioners of religious organizations, as well as anyone interested in the economic problems of the Russian Orthodox Church. Will provide assistance in self-education and obtaining background information.
Mathematical problems of coordinate measuring machines
Authors: Chikurov Nikolay
Published: December 2020

The monograph discusses solutions to mathematical problems related to the measurement of various machine-building parts on coordinate measuring machines (CMM). In addition, a number of mathematical problems that arise when measuring parts on the CMM are solved. The method of carrying out the corresponding measurements and mathematical calculations is given. It is intended for specialists who develop and maintain CMM control systems, for CMM operators, as well as for students of technical universities of relevant specialties.
Making Marketplaces Safe: Dominant Individual Rationality and Applications to Market Design
Authors: Roth Benjamin N. , Shorrer Ran I.
Published: December 2020

Often market designers cannot force agents to join a marketplace rather than using pre-existing institutions. We propose a new desideratum for marketplace design that guarantees the safety of participation: dominant individual rationality (DIR). A marketplace is DIR if every pre-existing strategy is weakly dominated by some strategy within the marketplace. We study applications to the design of labor markets and the sharing economy. We also provide a general construction to achieve approximate DIR across a wide range of marketplace designs.

This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, decision analysis.
What Determines the Return to Bribery? Evidence from Corruption Cases Worldwide
Authors: Cheung Yan-Leung , Rau P. Raghavendra , Stouraitis Aris
Published: December 2020

We analyze a hand-collected sample of bribery cases from around the world to describe how the payment of bribes affects shareholder value. The net present value of a bribe conditional on getting caught is close to zero for the median firm in our sample. However, controlling for industry, country, and firm characteristics, a $1 increase in the size of the bribe is associated with an ex ante $6–$9 increase in the value of the firm, suggesting a correlation between the size of bribes and the size of available benefits. Proxies for information disclosure appear significant in explaining these benefits with more disclosure associated with lower benefits. However, this result is driven by democratic countries where bribe-paying firms receive smaller benefits relative to the bribes they pay. Information disclosure is not significant in autocratic countries.

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
NetEase Cloud Music Data
Authors: Zhang Dennis J. , Hu Ming , Liu Xiaofei , Wu Yuxiang , Li Yong
Published: December 2020

This paper describes the impression/display data and corresponding user, creator, and music content card data from NetEase Cloud Music. This data set is collectively supplied by the Revenue Management and Pricing (RMP) section of INFORMS and NetEase Cloud Music to support data-driven research in operations management. The data contain more than 57 million impressions/displays of music content cards recommended to a random sample of [Formula: see text] users from November 1, 2019 to November 30, 2019. For each impression, the data provide the corresponding user activities, such as clicks, likes, and follows. Moreover, the data set also contains information on each user, each content creator, and each content in the impression sample.
Liner Shipping Service Planning Under Sulfur Emission Regulations
Authors: Wang Shuaian , Zhuge Dan , Zhen Lu , Lee Chung-Yee
Published: December 2020

Air emissions from ships have become an important issue in sustainable shipping because of the low quality of the marine fuel consumed by ships. To reduce sulfur emissions from shipping, the International Maritime Organization has established emission control areas (ECAs) where ships must use low-sulfur fuel with at most 0.1% sulfur or take equivalent emission-reduction measures. The use of low-sulfur fuel increases the costs for liner shipping companies and affects their operations management. This study addresses a holistic liner shipping service planning problem that integrates fleet deployment, schedule design, and sailing path and speed optimization, considering the effect of ECAs. We propose a nesting algorithmic framework to address this new and challenging problem. Semianalytical solutions are derived for the sailing path and speed optimization problem, which are used in the schedule design. A tailored algorithm is applied to solve schedule design problems, and the solutions are used in fleet deployment. The fleet deployment problem is then addressed by a dynamic programming-based pseudo-polynomial time algorithm. Numerical experiments demonstrate that considering the effect of ECAs in liner shipping operations management can reduce over 2% of the costs, which is significant considering that the annual operating cost of a shipping company’s network can be as high as several billion dollars.
The Robust Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows Under Knapsack-Constrained Travel Time Uncertainty
Authors: Bartolini Enrico , Goeke Dominik , Schneider Michael , Ye Mengdie
Published: December 2020

We study the traveling salesman problem with time windows (TSPTW) under travel time uncertainty—modeled by means of an uncertainty set including all travel time vectors of interest. We consider a knapsack-constrained uncertainty set stipulating a nominal and a peak travel time for each arc and an upper bound [Formula: see text] on the sum of all deviations from the nominal times. Viewing the difference between the peak time and its nominal value as the maximum delay possibly incurred when traversing the corresponding arc, the problem we consider is thus to find a tour that remains feasible for up to [Formula: see text] units of delay. This differs from previous studies on robust routing under travel time uncertainty, which have relied on cardinality-constrained sets and only allow for an upper bound on the number of arcs with peak travel time. We propose an exact algorithm based on column generation and dynamic programming that involves effective dominance rules and an extension of the [Formula: see text]-tour relaxation proposed in the literature for the classical TSPTW. The algorithm is able to solve the robust TSPTW under both knapsack- and cardinality-constrained travel time uncertainty. Extensive computational experiments show that the algorithm is successful on instances with up to 80 customers. In addition, we study the impact of the two uncertainty sets on the trade-off between service quality and cost exhibited by the resulting solutions.
EFFECT OF SELF-REGULATED LEARNING ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF PUANGRIMAGGALATUNG UNIVERSITY EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION STUDY PROGRAM STUDENTS
Authors: Nasir Sumarni , Nurhidayah Nurhidayah , Suprianto Ahmad
Published: December 2020

This study specifically investigated the factors self-regulated learning on achievement academic students of the program study the administration of the education faculty of teacher training and science education. The design of this study applies a correlational design. The population study is a student at the Faculty of teacher and science education University Puangrimaggalatung program of study administration of the education workforce in 2017 until with student class of 201 9 totaling 257 students with a total sample of 69 people. Based on the results of testing the data for the regression test, the results obtained significance = 0,000 <0.05. The hypotheses proposed are accepted that the influence of the variable self-regulation to the achievement of learning. The Hi accepted, which means no influence positively between self-regulation and achievement Akademik students of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Science Education University Puangrimaggalatung Program Study of Educational Administration Education. It demonstrated that the increasingly high self-regulation of the increasingly high achieving academic students.
MANAGEMENT OF LEADERSHIP EDUCATION OF SANTRI IN PONDOK PESANTREN
Authors: Tamam Badrud , Farihin Ahmad
Published: December 2020

This research studies about leadership education in pondok pesantren by focusing on aspects of planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling in the management of leadership education santri. The aims are to obtain a comprehensive description of the implementation of the management functions which include planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling in leadership education santri at pondok pesantren. Qualitative approach used in this study. Interview, observation and documentation used as a data collection tools. interactive model of data analysis was employed to analyze the data in this study with consist of three activities which are data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The reliability of results were obtained with four criteria are: credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The results showed planning implementation include the formulation of the program, the establishment of the curriculum, and grouping santri based on the level of maturity of leadership. Organizing involves the division of tasks and the establishment of working groups. Actuating includes training and coaching santri in conducting leadership training program. Controlling includes reporting and evaluation. Recommendations from the study's findings are all the components should always complement and maintain continuity of leadership education program santri. In addition, organize activities that support the achievement of leadership education programs.
ACCESS AND USE OF ICT IN SCHOOL MANAGEMENT IN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS
Authors: Macasawang Jehanie May Ader
Published: December 2020

In the digital era, the ability of schools to access and provide ICT resources is very important. This study examines the level of accessibility and use of ICT resources in school management in Mindanao State University's main campus (MSU MC). It aims to give a picture of the current profile of the ICT facilities in the university particularly those employed for school management through describing the accessibility of those ICT facilities by taking into account their availability and convenience of access and its use by pertaining to the ICT user-ability of the human resource of the university. This study was incited due to the visible difficulties met by the students as well as the teacher and staff in the school management activities in MSU MC despite the application of ICT in it. The data for this study were collected through a semi-structured survey, interviews, and document reviews of related literature. Correlation of the variables was tested using the chi-square test. And the comparative analysis of the opinions of the groups of respondents was done through a t-test. The results of this study find that over-all, the current ICT facility of the university is claimed as fairly effective in school management that only Plagiarism is seen as the most prevalent negative consequence on its implementation. In addition, the correlation analysis in this study discloses that ICT accessibility and user-ability have no direct relationship with effective school management. And although the comparative analysis showed that there is a significant difference of opinions between the groups of respondents, its statistical value proved only that the variance of the opinions of the groups of respondents is only little. These results evidently reflect that the ICT facility in MSU MC is not so much defective. However, the research results also reveal that the problems in the availability and convenience of ICT tools in MSU MC as well as in the user-ability of the human resource in ICT are pretty much important aspects of an excellent ICT facility like strong internet bandwidth, need of maintenance and update on latest ICT trends, motivation to use ICT tools, etc. Thus, this study recommends that the ICT resources in MSU MC for school management should be further developed as seen appropriate
Imagem Corporal pelo olhar da Psicanálise: contribuições para o campo da
Alimentação e Nutrição
Authors: Lucena Bianca Bulcão Vidigal de , Seixas Cristiane Marques , Ferreira Francisco Romão , Prado Shirley Donizete
Published: December 2020

Introdução: O presente trabalho reúne contribuições da teoria
psicanalítica, a fim de discutir o uso da categoria “imagem corporal” em
trabalhos do campo da Alimentação e Nutrição. Objetivo: mapear o emprego do
conceito de “imagem corporal” em artigos científicos da área da Nutrição e
comparar seu uso nas diferentes abordagens nas Ciências Humanas e Sociais.
Métodos: Realizou-se revisão bibliográfica na Revista de Nutrição em todas
as edições do periódico até setembro de 2019 utilizando o termo “imagem
corporal” como indexador na plataforma da revista. Resultados: Foram
analisados oito artigos que continham a expressão “imagem corporal” no
título ou nas palavras-chave e observou-se que o conceito destacado é
tratado de forma reducionista, relacionado principalmente à aplicação de
testes e escalas de avaliação, levando a compreensões simplificadoras da
relação sujeito-corpo. Discussão: Para esclarecer o conceito, recorre-se às
principais referências na psicanálise sobre a temática da imagem corporal e
ao debate psicanalítico referente às noções de corpo e sujeito. Utiliza-se o
conceito freudiano de narcisismo para demonstrar a complexidade da
construção da imagem de si na perspectiva psicanalítica, apontando como essa
categoria é, muitas vezes, empregada a partir de seu uso pelo senso comum,
demandando melhor conceituação do mesmo no campo da Alimentação e Nutrição.
Conclusão: O trabalho demonstra como o recurso à teoria psicanalítica pode
contribuir para um melhor entendimento das complexas relações que envolvem
sujeito, corpo e alimentação, para que esse diálogo se reflita em estudos
que produzam não somente evidências quantitativas, mas também possibilitem a
construção de novas abordagens para os transtornos alimentares e a
obesidade.
O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar como garantia do direito à alimentação no período da pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Bicalho Daniela , Lima Tácio De Mendonça
Published: December 2020

Introdução: A medida fundamental de isolamento social tomada pelas autoridades sanitárias internacionais para conter o avanço da pandemia de COVID-19 traz consequências no campo econômico e social. Dentre elas se destaca o aumento da miséria e da fome, comprometendo a garantia da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. Dentre programas existentes na agenda pública como forma de amenizar as consequências da fome, se ressalta o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar. Objetivo: Este trabalho busca problematizar, por meio de reflexões teóricas e críticas, a contribuição do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar na garantia da segurança alimentar e nutricional dos estudantes brasileiros no período da pandemia da COVID--19. Resultado: Um debate teórico sobre o direito em questão foi apresentado, ressaltando a análise da alimentação escolar como um potencial para manutenção da segurança alimentar dos milhares de estudantes beneficiários. No contexto da pandemia, o programa de alimentação escolar apresenta mudanças na sua legislação como resposta as adaptações na sua forma operacionalização. Conclusão:Reforça-se a importância da sociedade civil organizada em defesa das políticas públicas de segurança alimentar, em especial no apoio e sustentabilidade programa de alimentação escolar, bem como no papel do Estado como protagonista do combate à fome e da redução da miséria no país, assumindo o fortalecimento das políticas sociais existentes.Introdução: A medida fundamental de isolamento social tomada pelas autoridades sanitárias internacionais para conter o avanço da pandemia de Covid-19 traz consequências no campo econômico e social. Dentre elas se destaca o aumento da miséria e da fome, comprometendo a garantia da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. Dentre programas existentes na agenda pública como forma de amenizar as consequências da fome, ressalta-se o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar. Objetivo: Este trabalho busca problematizar, por meio de reflexões críticas, a contribuição do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar na garantia da segurança alimentar e nutricional dos estudantes brasileiros no período da pandemia da Covid-19. Resultado: Um debate crítico sobre o direito em questão foi apresentado, ressaltando a análise da alimentação escolar como um potencial para manutenção da segurança alimentar dos milhares de estudantes beneficiários. No contexto da pandemia, o programa de alimentação escolar apresenta mudanças na sua legislação como resposta às adaptações na sua operacionalização. Conclusão: Reforça-se a importância da sociedade civil organizada em defesa das políticas públicas de segurança alimentar e nutricional, em especial no apoio do programa de alimentação escolar, bem como no papel do Estado como protagonista do combate à fome e da redução da miséria no país, assumindo o fortalecimento das políticas sociais existentes.
O ARQUIVO E AS ARTES VISUAIS: EXTENSÃO E ANTROPOLOGIA VISUAL EM SOBRAL/CE – BRASIL
Authors: Freitas Nilson Almino de
Published: December 2020

O artigo discute a extensão transformadora, a partir das experiências promovidas pelo Laboratório das Memórias e das Práticas Cotidianas – LABOME, da Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, na cidade brasileira de Sobral, no estado do Ceará. Apresenta as atividades extensionistas, vinculadas ao campo da antropologia visual, relaciona com a legislação vigente e detalha os princípios filosóficos, epistemológicos e metodológicos da extensão transformadora, exercida pelo laboratório. A proposta transformadora passa pela experiência compartilhada entre acadêmico e pessoas da comunidade, a partir de prática pautada em ações simétricas de afecções que relativizam hierarquias e promovem uma sinergia, que provoca movimentos múltiplos e rizomáticos.
O PIBID E A FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PROFESSORES: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA NA ELABORAÇÃO DE ROTEIROS DE ATIVIDADES PEDAGÓGICAS
Authors: Oliveira Elaine Toná de , Zanatta Shalimar Calegari , Royer Marcia Regina , Loro Alexandre Paulo
Published: December 2020

O objetivo foi evidenciar a importância do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid), tendo como suporte de análise uma vivência do subprojeto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Estadual do Paraná, campus Paranavaí. A vivência foi organizada em dois momentos: 1) leitura da Base Nacional Comum Curricular com ênfase nos conteúdos de Ciências e Biologia; 2) planejamento de atividades práticas, roteiros, modelos e jogos didáticos. Foram produzidos quatro roteiros de atividades. Como resultados foram produzidas duas sínteses de análise organizadas na categoria “Características dos roteiros de atividades pedagógicas”, abrangendo as subcategorias “Estratégias iniciais: ponto de partida” e “Estratégias de aplicação dos conteúdos”. Assim, verificou-se que o Pibid promove situações que estimulam o pensar e o repensar da prática, bem como a reflexão e relação entre teoria e prática e, por isso, contribui positivamente para o processo de formação inicial de professores.
TÓPICOS ESPECIAIS A RESPEITO DA RETÓRICA CLÁSSICA
Authors: Oliveira Luciene De Lima
Published: December 2020

Para obter a persuasão de seus semelhantes, o homem busca meios de aperfeiçoar a linguagem, a fim de que outros componentes da sociedade sejam influenciados e, por conseguinte, convencidos, de modo a criar uma cumplicidade entre ambos: o enunciador / o enunciatário. O uso da retórica é uma constante na história das sociedades as mais diversas. Os homens, ao interagirem, empregaram a linguagem de modo eloquente, buscando se entender e conseguir o assentimento uns dos outros, antes mesmo da existência de tomarem a si a tarefa de ensinar, elaborar teorias e escrever obras de retórica.  Desse modo, o presente artigo tem por escopo tecer comentários sobre as possíveis origens e funções da retórica, além de outras informações como, por exemplo, a relação entre a retórica e o cristianismo.
THERAPISTS' AND TEACHERS' VIEWS ON THE EFFECTS OF HIPPOTHERAPY
Authors: Žgur Erna , Jerman Janez
Published: December 2020

Lifelong learning and training of persons with severe intellectual disabilities (ID) involve a suitable rehabilitation programme. They include different neurotherapeutic methods and procedures. Hippotherapy has recently been recognized as one such method of medical treatment that might be useful for this purpose. In this study, we were interested in the views of various professional workers (special education and rehabilitation teachers, work therapists, speech and language therapists and physiotherapists) on hippotherapy. These professionals were all engaged in education and training of persons with special needs, mainly persons with ID and motor impairment. Results showed the general difference between professional workers in evaluating the effects of hippotherapy (improvement of perception, sensory integration, attention, concentration, speech and language, as well as broader social communication, motor skills, relaxation, self-concept, emotional expression). Statistically significant difference was determined in teachers' evaluation of the effects of hippotherapy. We can conclude that the positive effects of hippotherapy are better recognised by the teachers who are in direct day-to-day contact with the observed students.
On Youth and National Identity in the Palestinian Context
Authors: Hilal Jamil
Published: December 2020

This study aims to examine the attitudes and opinions of Palestinian youth in the context of the debate about intergenerational conflict and the specificity of youth in the Palestinian condition. A high percentage of young people in the various Palestinian communities are exposed to unemployment, and in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, they have become targets of the Israeli occupation and its policies. Most Palestinian youth also face a dead-end in the political and living horizons and the scarcity of normal life opportunities (including, work, education, family, freedom of movement, planning for the future, etc.). Young people, as the case with women and other social groups, are also subject to restrictions that limit their access to political, economic, social and cultural decision-making positions. Drawing on studies and surveys that dealt with the situation of Palestinian youth, after discussing the rationale for interest in youth in the past two decades, this study shows the need to deal with youth as an essential component of society and not as an external segment or as outsiders. It also indicates that there are relatively limited differences between the positions and opinions of Palestinian youth and the older age groups. The study concludes that differences in the opinions of youth (and non-youth) can be attributed to the variations in the political situations and life opportunities among Palestinian communities, gender, place of residence, and political affiliation. The study did not find evidence to support the argument that intergenerational conflict exists. The determining factor in this condition is the Israeli occupation, Zionist settler-colonialism, apartheid regime, and the denial of basic rights. This study confirms the vitality of national culture among the various Palestinian communities.
Laser-induced corneal injury: validation of a computer model to predict thresholds
Authors: Jean Mathieu , Schulmeister Karl , Lund David J. , Stuck Bruce E.
Published: December 2020

The exposure and emission limits of ICNIRP, IEC 60825-1 and ANSI Z136.1 to protect the cornea are based on a limited number of in-vivo studies. To broaden the database, a computer model was developed to predict injury thresholds in the wavelength range from 1050 nm to 10.6 µm and was validated by comparison with all applicable experimental threshold data (ED50) with exposure duration between 1.7 ns and 100 s. The model predictions compare favorably with the in-vivo data with an average ratio of computer prediction to ED50 of 0.94 (standard deviation ± 30%) and a maximum deviation of less than 2. This computer model can be used to improve exposure limits or for a quantitative risk analysis of a given exposure of the cornea.
High signal collection efficiency in a 3D SERS chip using a micro-reflector
Authors: Feng Yang , Ping Wen , Zhiqiang Zhang , Danyang Li , Li Chen , Shunbo Li
Published: December 2020

To improve the sensitivity of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection, we propose a three-dimensional (3D) SERS chip based on an inverted pyramid micro-reflector (IPMR) that converges Raman scattering light signals to improve the signal collection efficiency. The influence of the geometric parameters of the inverted pyramid structure on the Raman signal collection efficiency was analyzed by simulation for the determination of the optimal design parameters. The inverted pyramid through-hole structure was prepared on the silicon wafer through an anisotropic wet etching process, followed by the sputtering of a gold film to form the IPMR. The 3D SERS chip was constructed by bonding the IPMR and the active substrate that assembled with silver nanoparticles. Using Rhodamine 6G molecules, the Raman intensity measured with the 3D SERS chip was threefold greater than that of the silicon-based SERS substrate under the same test conditions. These experimental results show that the 3D SERS chip can significantly improve the SERS signal intensity. Its 3D structure is convenient for integration with microfluidic devices and has great potential in biochemical detection applications.
Entropy, purity and optical hysteresis in markovian optical modes
Authors: Martinez Vara P. , Atenco Cuautle J. C. , Arenas Muñoz G. , Saldivia Gomez E. , Garcia Guzman A. , Cazares Aguilar I. I. , Martinez Niconoff G.
Published: December 2020

We describe the synthesis of optical modes whose axial structure follows a random tandem array of Bessel beams of integer order. The array follows fluctuations of Markov-chain type and the amplitude values for each beam are linked to a sequence of random vectors. As a prototype, we describe the synthesis of optical fields for Markov-chain type Ehrenfest. This process models the thermodynamic equilibrium and then it can be related to the evolution and stability of optical systems, in this way, it offers a similitude with partially coherent processes where the coherence degree is now distributed between all the compounds of the resulting random vector. The matrix representation for the stochastic process allows incorporating entropy properties and the calculus of the purity for the optical field. This constitutes the basis to describe the interference between markovian modes. When the set of markovian modes type Ehrenfest reaches a stable configuration they become indistinguishability non-conservative optical field having associated hysteresis features. Computer simulations are presented.
Equivalent circuit model of graphene chiral multi-band metadevice absorber composed of U-shaped resonator array
Authors: Asgari Somayyeh , Fabritius Tapio
Published: December 2020

In this study, we have designed an equivalent circuit model (ECM) by use of a simple MATLAB code to analyze a single-layered graphene chiral multi-band metadevice absorber which is composed of U-shaped graphene resonator array in terahertz (THz) region. In addition, the proposed metadevice absorber is analyzed numerically by the finite element method (FEM) in CST Software to verify the ECM analysis. The proposed device which is the first tunable graphene-based chiral metadevice absorber can be used in polarization sensitive devices in THz region. It is single-layered, tunable, and it has strong linear dichroism (LD) response of 94% and absorption of 99% for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) electromagnetic waves. It has four absorption bands with absorption >50% in 0.5-4.5 THz : three absorption bands for TE mode and one absorption band for TM mode. Proposed ECM has good agreement with the FEM simulation results. ECM analysis provides a simple, fast, and effective way to understand the resonance modes of the metadevice absorber and gives guidance for the analysis and design of the graphene chiral metadevices in the THz region.
Controllable structural tailoring for enhanced ∼2  µm emission in heavily Tm3+-doped germanate glasses
Authors: Tu Le , Tang Guowu , Qian Qi , Yang Zhongmin
Published: December 2020

Heavily

T
m

3
+

-doped glass fibers are urgently desired for

∼

2

µ

m

single-frequency fiber lasers and high-repetition-rate mode-locked fiber lasers. Here the structure of glass networks was tuned through controlling the numbers of non-bridging oxygens and bridging oxygens by adjusting the composition of the glasses, hence increasing the

T
m

3
+

doping concentration of germanate glasses. The increased flexibility of the glass networks favors the distribution of

T
m

3
+

ions to decrease fluorescence quenching, which was confirmed by the experimental and theoretical results. A heavily

T
m

3
+

(

9.8

×

10

20

i
o
n
s

/

c
m

3

)-doped germanate glass was successfully fabricated without quenching by tuning the components of the glass. To the best of our knowledge, the

T
m

3
+

ion doping concentration is the highest reported level in

T
m

3
+

-doped glasses and fibers. The results suggest that the heavily

T
m

3
+

-doped germanate glass is highly promising for fabricating

∼
2

µ

m

glass fibers with high gain per unit length.
Processing for dispersive intensity-modulation and direct-detection fiber-optic communications
Authors: Zhou Ji , Wang Haide , Feng Yuanhua , Liu Weiping , Gao Shecheng , Yu Changyuan , Li Zhaohui
Published: December 2020

In intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IM/DD) fiber-optic communications, it is hard to pre- or post-compensate for chromatic dispersion (CD) by digital signal processing due to one-dimensional modulation and detection. In this Letter, we propose joint optical and digital signal processing to effectively compensate for CD-caused distortions for IM/DD optical systems. As a reasonable optical signal processing, negative chirp based on self-phase modulation can suppress a part of CD to take pressure off digital signal processing. Digital signal processing is designed based on the model of a dispersive channel to accurately compensate for CD-caused distortions. To the best of our knowledge, we present a record C-band 72 Gbit/s optical on–off keying over 100 km dispersion-uncompensated link (i.e.,

∼

1700

ps

/

nm

dispersion), achieving a 7% hard-decision forward error correction limit. We conclude that joint optical and digital signal processing is effective in dealing with CD-caused distortions to achieve a higher capacity–distance product in IM/DD fiber-optic communications.
Shannon entropy and degree of polarization of a speckle pattern
Authors: Roy Abhijit
Published: December 2020

The dependence of the Shannon entropy (SE) of a speckle pattern on the degree of polarization (DoP) of the pattern is investigated both experimentally and numerically. The superposition of two uncorrelated speckle patterns with polarization diversity is utilized to control the DoP of the superposed speckle pattern, and the SE of the pattern is estimated from the determined probability density function of intensity of the pattern. The SE is observed to be increasing quadratically with the DoP of the speckle pattern. The experimental observations are supported by the numerical studies. As the change of the SE indicates a change in the randomness of the intensity distribution, the variation of the standard deviation of intensity with the DoP is also investigated. Moreover, a linear relation between the SE and the standard deviation of intensity of a speckle pattern is also established.
Intensity-modulated directional torsion sensor based on a helical fiber taper
Authors: Guo Qi , Zhu Yong-qin , Shan Tian-qi , Pan Xue-peng , Liu Shan-ren , Xue Zhao-kang , Zheng Zhong-ming , Chen Chao , Yu Yong-sen
Published: December 2020

A novel intensity-modulated directional torsion sensor based on a helical taper is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The tapers are fabricated in standard single-mode fiber by electric-arc discharge, and by rotating one side fiber simultaneously. Experimental results show that the intensity of transmission peak changes inversely when the helical taper is twisted in clockwise and counterclockwise, respectively. The maximum torsion sensitivity can reach -0.484 dB/(rad/m) in the twist rate ranges from -10.67 rad/m to 0 rad/m. Additionally, this torsion sensor is almost insensitive to temperature, which solves the problem of torsion-temperature cross sensitivity greatly. The novel torsion sensor provides a promising candidate for the applications that require accurate rotation, such as civil engineering, the automotive industry, and security monitoring of buildings.
The Drosophila amyloid precursor protein homologue mediates neuronal survival and neuroglial interactions
Authors: Kessissoglou Irini A. , Langui Dominique , Hasan Amr , Maral Maral , Dutta Suchetana B. , Hiesinger Peter Robin , Hassan Bassem A.
Published: December 2020

The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a structurally and functionally conserved transmembrane protein whose physiological role in adult brain function and health is still unclear. Because mutations in APP cause familial Alzheimer’s disease (fAD), most research focuses on this aspect of APP biology. We investigated the physiological function of APP in the adult brain using the fruit flyDrosophila melanogaster, which harbors a single APP homologue called APP Like (APPL). Previous studies have provided evidence for the implication of APPL in neuronal wiring and axonal growth through the Wnt signaling pathway during development. However, like APP, APPL continues to be expressed in all neurons of the adult brain where its functions and their molecular and cellular underpinnings are unknown. We report that APPL loss of function (LOF) results in the dysregulation of endolysosomal function in neurons, with a notable enlargement of early endosomal compartments followed by neuronal cell death and the accumulation of dead neurons in the brain during a critical period at a young age. These defects can be rescued by reduction in the levels of the early endosomal regulator Rab5, indicating a causal role of endosomal function for cell death. Finally, we show that the secreted extracellular domain of APPL interacts with glia and regulates the size of their endosomes, the expression of the Draper engulfment receptor, and the clearance of neuronal debris in an axotomy model. We propose that APP proteins represent a novel family of neuroglial signaling factors required for adult brain homeostasis.
The actions of others act as a pseudo-reward to drive imitation in the context of social reinforcement learning
Authors: Najar Anis , Bonnet Emmanuelle , Bahrami Bahador , Palminteri Stefano
Published: December 2020

While there is no doubt that social signals affect human reinforcement learning, there is still no consensus about how this process is computationally implemented. To address this issue, we compared three psychologically plausible hypotheses about the algorithmic implementation of imitation in reinforcement learning. The first hypothesis, decision biasing (DB), postulates that imitation consists in transiently biasing the learner’s action selection without affecting their value function. According to the second hypothesis, model-based imitation (MB), the learner infers the demonstrator’s value function through inverse reinforcement learning and uses it to bias action selection. Finally, according to the third hypothesis, value shaping (VS), the demonstrator’s actions directly affect the learner’s value function. We tested these three hypotheses in 2 experiments (N = 24 and N = 44) featuring a new variant of a social reinforcement learning task. We show through model comparison and model simulation that VS provides the best explanation of learner’s behavior. Results replicated in a third independent experiment featuring a larger cohort and a different design (N = 302). In our experiments, we also manipulated the quality of the demonstrators’ choices and found that learners were able to adapt their imitation rate, so that only skilled demonstrators were imitated. We proposed and tested an efficient meta-learning process to account for this effect, where imitation is regulated by the agreement between the learner and the demonstrator. In sum, our findings provide new insights and perspectives on the computational mechanisms underlying adaptive imitation in human reinforcement learning.