bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production of a tumour‐targeting antibody with a human‐compatible glycosylation profile in N. benthamiana hairy root cultures
Authors: Lonoce Chiara , Salem Reda , Marusic Carla , Jutras Philippe V. , Scaloni Andrea , Salzano Anna Maria , Lucretti Sergio , Steinkellner Herta , Benvenuto Eugenio , Donini Marcello
Published: June 2016

Hairy root (HR) cultures derived from Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation of plant tissues are an advantageous biotechnological manufacturing platform due to the accumulation of recombinant proteins in an otherwise largely protein free culture medium. In this context, HRs descending from transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants were successfully used for the production of several functional mAbs with plant‐type glycans. Here, we expressed the tumor‐targeting monoclonal antibody mAb H10 in HRs obtained either by infecting a transgenic N. tabacum line expressing H10 with A. rhizogenes or a glyco‐engineered N. benthamiana line (ΔXTFT) with recombinant A. rhizogenes carrying mAb H10 heavy and light chain cDNAs. Selected HR clones derived from both plants accumulated mAb H10 in the culture medium with similar yields (2–3 mg/L). N‐glycosylation profiles of antibodies purified from HR supernatant revealed the presence of plant‐typical complex structures for N. tabacum‐derived mAb H10 and of GnGn structures lacking xylose and fucose for the ΔXTFT‐derived counterpart. Both antibody glyco‐formats exhibited comparable antigen binding activities. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the co‐infection of ΔXTFT Nicotiana benthamiana with recombinant A. rhizogenes is an efficient procedure for the generation of stable HR cultures expressing the tumor‐targeting mAb H10 with a human‐compatible glycosylation profile, thus representing an important step towards the exploitation of root cultures for the production of ‘next generation’ human therapeutic antibodies.
Wenig bekannte Pilzvergiftungen
Authors: Berndt Siegmar
Published: June 2016

Die Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über neuere Pilzvergiftungen, ihre Symptome und Toxine, soweit bekannt. Vergiftungen sind meist Folge von Verwechslungen mit Speise‐ oder “Heilpilzen”. Giftige Arten, wie der Große Stachelschirmling, Ohrförmige Weißseitling, Parfümierte Trichterling und der Ölbaumtrichterling kommen in Mitteleuropa vor. Wenig bekannt ist, dass reichlicher Morchelgenuss zu neurologischen Symptomen führen kann. Aus Asien sind Arten bekannt geworden, die schwerste Intoxikationen hervorrufen. Das “Yunnan Sudden Unexplained Death”‐Syndrom konnte mit dem Verzehr des “little white mushroom” (Trogia venenata) erklärt werden. Die oft tödlich verlaufenden Rhabdomyolysen nach Verzehr von Russula subnigricans beruhen auf Cycloprop‐2ene‐Karbonsäure. Besonders folgenschwer sind Verwechslungen vom als “Pilz der Unsterblichkeit” geschätzten “Reishi” mit Ganoderma neo‐japonicum oder Podostroma cornu‐damae, dem weltweit giftigsten Pilz.
150 Jahre “Biogenetisches Grundgesetz”
Authors: Hoßfeld Uwe , Levit Georgy S. , Olsson Lennart
Published: June 2016

Der Zoologe Ernst Haeckel zählt zu den bekanntesten, zugleich aber auch umstrittensten Naturforschern des 19. und beginnenden 20. Jahrhunderts. Als einer der frühesten Anhänger und streitbarsten Verfechter der Darwinschen Evolutionstheorie – neben “Darwins Bulldogge” Thomas Henry Huxley – stellt er eine Zentralfigur in der Frühgeschichte des Darwinismus dar. Doch sein Name steht nicht nur als Symbol für die Auseinandersetzungen um den Entwicklungsgedanken und dessen Popularisierung in dieser Zeit, sondern auch für ein aktives Eintreten für den von ihm formulierten und postulierten Monismus. Haeckel zählt neben Fritz Müller zu den Ersten, die das “Biogenetische Grundgesetz” formulierten. Ebenso gehen noch heute in der biologischen Terminologie verwendete Begriffe wie Ontogenie, Phylogenie, Ökologie, Chorologie und Stamm auf ihn und sein Erstlingswerk “Generelle Morphologie der Organismen” (1866) zurück.
Wunder der Natur im Gasometer
Authors: Högermann Christiane
Published: June 2016

Bereits der ungewöhnliche Veranstaltungsort macht neugierig auf die Ausstellung, die scheinbar gar nichts mit einem ehemaligen Gasometer zu tun hat. Wie kann ein Industriedenkmal mit Naturwundern in Einklang gebracht werden? Die Antwort liegt auf der Hand, wenn man das Wahrzeichen der Stadt Oberhausen als Modell für die baulich‐kulturelle und biologische Evolution einer (Industrie‐)Region nimmt.
Quality of life, symptoms and treatment satisfaction in patients with aortic aneurysm using new abdominal aortic aneurysm-specific patient-reported outcome measures
Authors: Peach G , Romaine J , Holt P J E , Thompson M M , Bradley C , Hinchliffe R J
Published: June 2016

Background

The aim of this study was to present preliminary data on quality of life (QoL), symptoms and treatment satisfaction gathered using three new abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)-specific patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Methods

Patients with AAA were recruited from five National Health Service Trusts to complete the three new PROMs: the AneurysmDQoL, AneurysmSRQ and AneurysmTSQ. Patients were either under surveillance or had undergone AAA repair (open or endovascular) during the preceding 24 months. Data were initially collected as part of a study assessing the psychometric properties of the new measures, before being used in the observational analysis of outcomes presented here.

Results

Results, although largely non-significant, showed interesting trends. The impact of AAA repair on QoL appeared to worsen progressively after open repair (OR) and improve progressively after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Conversely, symptoms seemed to become progressively worse after EVAR and progressively better after OR. Information and understanding were key sources of dissatisfaction before the intervention, whereas postoperative dissatisfaction was related to bother from symptoms, follow-up and feedback about scan results.

Conclusion

Although a larger, prospective data set is necessary to explore outcomes more fully with the new AAA-specific PROMs, the observational data presented here suggest there may be clinically important differences in the symptoms, impact on QoL and treatment satisfaction associated with OR and EVAR.
Multigene expression in stable CHO cell pools generated with the piggyBac transposon system
Authors: Balasubramanian Sowmya , Wurm Florian M. , Hacker David L.
Published: June 2016

Heterogenous populations of recombinant cells (cell pools) stably expressing 1–4 transgenes were generated from Chinese hamster overy (CHO) cells with the piggyBac (PB) transposon system. The cell pools produced different combinations of three model proteins—enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP), and a monoclonal IgG1 antibody. Each transgene was present on a separate PB donor plasmid with either the same or a different selection gene. In both cases, we obtained PB‐derived cell pools with higher recombinant protein yields than from cell pools generated by conventional gene delivery. In PB‐derived cell pools generated using a single selection agent, both protein production and the number of integrated copies of each transgene declined as the number of transfected transgenes increased. However, the total number of integrated transgenes was similar regardless of the number of different transgenes transfected. For PB‐derived cell pools generated by selection of each transgene with a different selection agent, the total number of integrated transgenes increased with the number of transfected transgenes. The results suggest that the generation of cell pools producing multiple recombinant proteins is feasible and that the method is more efficient when each individual transgene is selected with a different marker. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1308–1317, 2016
3D‐liquid chromatography as a complex mixture characterization tool for knowledge‐based downstream process development
Authors: Hanke Alexander T. , Tsintavi Eleni , Ramirez Vazquez Maria del Pilar , van der Wielen Luuk A. M. , Verhaert Peter D. E. M. , Eppink Michel H. M. , van de Sandt Emile J. A. X. , Ottens Marcel
Published: June 2016

Knowledge‐based development of chromatographic separation processes requires efficient techniques to determine the physicochemical properties of the product and the impurities to be removed. These characterization techniques are usually divided into approaches that determine molecular properties, such as charge, hydrophobicity and size, or molecular interactions with auxiliary materials, commonly in the form of adsorption isotherms. In this study we demonstrate the application of a three‐dimensional liquid chromatography approach to a clarified cell homogenate containing a therapeutic enzyme. Each separation dimension determines a molecular property relevant to the chromatographic behavior of each component. Matching of the peaks across the different separation dimensions and against a high‐resolution reference chromatogram allows to assign the determined parameters to pseudo‐components, allowing to determine the most promising technique for the removal of each impurity. More detailed process design using mechanistic models requires isotherm parameters. For this purpose, the second dimension consists of multiple linear gradient separations on columns in a high‐throughput screening compatible format, that allow regression of isotherm parameters with an average standard error of 8%. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1283–1291, 2016
Conduct an effective campus climate survey in 10 steps
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2016

The reasons for conducting a campus climate survey have become more convincing than ever. And it's not just the pressure from student activists and the media. Many colleges and universities lack objective data needed to shape effective campus response and programming to address sexual assault, dating violence, and gender‐based stalking. The federal government said campus climate surveys are a critical tool for limiting the effects of sexual violence and reducing its reoccurrence. The Office for Civil Rights frequently includes campus climate surveys in its agreements. And some states now require campus climate surveys, including Maryland, New York, Louisiana, and Massachusetts.
Naturally Inspired Peptide Leads: Alanine Scanning Reveals an Actin‐Targeting Thiazole Analogue of Bisebromoamide
Authors: Johnston Heather J. , Boys Sarah K. , Makda Ashraff , Carragher Neil O. , Hulme Alison N.
Published: June 2016

Systematic alanine scanning of the linear peptide bisebromoamide (BBA), isolated from a marine cyanobacterium, was enabled by solid‐phase peptide synthesis of thiazole analogues. The analogues have comparable cytotoxicity (nanomolar) to that of BBA, and cellular morphology assays indicated that they target the actin cytoskeleton. Pathway inhibition in human colon tumour (HCT116) cells was explored by reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analysis, which showed a dose‐dependent response in IRS‐1 expression. Alanine scanning reveals a structural dependence to the cytotoxicity, actin targeting and pathway inhibition, and allows a new readily synthesised lead to be proposed.
Interrogating the Tailoring Steps of Pactamycin Biosynthesis and Accessing New Pactamycin Analogues
Authors: Abugrain Mostafa E. , Lu Wanli , Li Yuexin , Serrill Jeffrey D. , Brumsted Corey J. , Osborn Andrew R. , Alani Adam , Ishmael Jane E. , Kelly Jane X. , Mahmud Taifo
Published: June 2016

Pactamycin is a bacteria‐derived aminocyclitol antibiotic with a wide‐range of biological activity. Its chemical structure and potent biological activities have made it an interesting lead compound for drug discovery and development. Despite its unusual chemical structure, many aspects of its formation in nature remain elusive. Using a combination of genetic inactivation and metabolic analysis, we investigated the tailoring processes of pactamycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces pactum. The results provide insights into the sequence of events during the tailoring steps of pactamycin biosynthesis and explain the unusual production of various pactamycin analogues by S. pactum mutants. We also identified two new pactamycin analogues that have better selectivity indexes than pactamycin against malarial parasites.
Capture‐Tag‐Release: A Strategy for Small Molecule Labeling of Native Enzymes
Authors: Van Dyke Aaron R. , Etemad Lily S. , Vessicchio Michael J. , Naclerio George A. , Jedson Victoria
Published: June 2016

A strategy for labeling native enzymes in a manner that preserves their activity is reported: capture–tag–release (CTR). Key to this approach is the small molecule CTR probe that contains an enzyme inhibitor, benzophenone crosslinker, and aryl phosphine ester. After UV‐derived capture of the enzyme, addition of an azide‐containing tag triggers a Staudinger ligation that labels the enzyme. A further consequence of the Staudinger ligation is fragmentation of the CTR probe, thus releasing the inhibitor and restoring enzymatic activity. As a proof‐of‐principle, the CTR strategy was applied to the hydrolase β‐galactosidase. The enzyme was efficiently labeled with biotin, and the kinetic data for the biotinylated enzyme were comparable to those for unlabeled β‐galactosidase. The CTR probe exhibits excellent targeting specificity, as it selectively labeled β‐galactosidase in a complex protein mixture.
Cultivation of Microalgae Using Sewage and Organic Component Evaluation
Authors: Inoue Kenichiro , Uchida Tsutomu
Published: June 2016

Outdoor cultivation of microalgae was carried out in 20‐L tanks using sewage influent or effluent, at an actual sewage treatment plant. The microalgae could be cultured by supplying only sewage influent or effluent without additional microalgal stock or nutrient salts. Adding air and CO2 to the culture water promoted not only the cultivation of green algae but also the consumption of nitrogen. Increasing the hydraulic retention time also promoted consumption and cultivation. In particular, adding CO2 to the sewage influent achieved a 59‐fold increase in the cell number of specific Scenedesmus species useful as components for fuel. The microalgae culture progressed even in the autumn/winter. The major organic components eluted by n‐hexane were fatty acids such as palmitic and 11‐hexadecenoic acid. The applicability of sewage culture microalgae as biofuel was demonstrated.
Structured Raney Nickel Catalysts for Liquid‐Phase Hydrogenation
Authors: Wolf Aurel , Turek Thomas , Mleczko Leslaw
Published: June 2016

Structured catalysts consisting of metal sheets on which Raney nickel was deposited by the thermal spraying method were tested for the liquid‐phase hydrogenation of glucose to sorbitol and 2‐nitrotoluene to 2‐methylaniline, used as model reactions. Catalytic tests performed in a bench‐scale (1 L) reactor showed that the catalytic activity of Raney Ni sheets is significantly higher than the one of the pellets used for fixed‐bed applications, but lower than the activity of the powder catalyst used in slurry mode. The activity could be significantly improved when applying a two‐phase co‐current flow through a monolith. In this case, the activity was superior to the one obtained with the slurry catalyst. These results confirm the potential of Raney Ni monoliths as structured catalysts.
A Selective RhI‐Catalyzed Substrate‐Controlled C−C Bond Activation of Benzyl Sulfonamide/Alcohol‐Tethered Alkylidenecyclopropanes
Authors: Chen Kai , Liu Jia‐Xin , Tang Xiang‐Ying , Shi Min
Published: June 2016

Benzyl sulfonamide/alcohol‐tethered alkylidenecyclopropanes undergo a rhodium‐catalyzed and substrate‐controlled selective C−C bond activation, producing three types of common organic structural units: benzo[c]azepine/oxepines, dihydronaphthalen‐1‐amines, and conjugated dienes. Epoxidation and aromatization of these products to construct two useful compounds have also been achieved.
An Atomically Precise Au10Ag2 Nanocluster with Red–Near‐IR Dual Emission
Authors: Lei Zhen , Guan Zong‐Jie , Pei Xiao‐Li , Yuan Shang‐Fu , Wan Xian‐Kai , Zhang Jin‐Yuan , Wang Quan‐Ming
Published: June 2016

A red–near‐IR dual‐emissive nanocluster with the composition [Au10Ag2(2‐py−C≡C)3(dppy)6](BF4)5 (1; 2‐py−C≡C is 2‐pyridylethynyl, dppy=2‐pyridyldiphenylphosphine) has been synthesized. Single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis reveals that 1 has a trigonal bipyramidal Au10Ag2 core that contains a planar Au4(2‐py−C≡C)3 unit sandwiched by two Au3Ag(dppy)3 motifs. Cluster 1 shows intense red–NIR dual emission in solution. The visible emission originates from metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) from silver atoms to phosphine ligands in the Au3Ag(dppy)3 motifs, and the intense NIR emission is associated with the participation of 2‐pyridylethynyl in the frontier orbitals of the cluster, which is confirmed by a time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculation.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Formations of Superoxo Heptaoxomolybdates from Peroxo Molybdates.
Authors: Chen Quan‐Liang , Zhou Zhao‐Hui
Published: June 2016

The new compounds (II) and (III) are characterized by single crystal XRD, IR, and EPR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich Reactions for the Construction of Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Saget Tanguy , Hung Chao‐I
Published: June 2016

The first direct asymmetric Mannich reaction by using α‐branched ketones as nucleophilic partners is presented and gives an enantio‐ and diastereoselective access to various β‐amino ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of (Hetero)Arenes with CF3Br.
Authors: Beller Matthias , et al.
Published: June 2016

The first palladium‐catalyzed trifluoromethylation of arenes and heteroarenes using CF3Br as trifluoromethyl source is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Promoted Transcarbamylation Reaction of Sulfonylcarbamates under Continuous‐Flow Conditions
Authors: Kumpina Ilze , Isaksson Rebecka , Saevmarker Jonas , Wannberg Johan , Larhed Mats
Published: June 2016

21 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Synergistic Gold and Enamine Catalysis: Intermolecular α‐Alkylation of Aldehydes with Allenamides.
Authors: Fernandez‐Casado Jaime , Nelson Ronald , Mascarenas Jose L. , Lopez Fernando
Published: June 2016

Aldehydes are α‐alkylated with allenamides by the combined action of an organocatalyst and a gold complex.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Solid Acid Catalyst FeCl3/Bentonite for Aldol Condensation under Solvent‐Free Condition.
Authors: Muthuvel I. , Dineshkumar S. , Thirumurthy K. , Rajasri S. , Thirunarayanan G.
Published: June 2016

A series of diarylpropenones is synthesized under microwave‐assisted solvent‐free conditions using FeCl3/bentonite as a stable acid catalyst system which can be reused several times without iron leaching.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Activation of Acyl C—O Bonds of Methyl Esters.
Authors: Hie Liana , Fine Nathel Noah F. , Hong Xin , Yang Yun‐Fang , Houk Kendall N. , Garg Neil K.
Published: June 2016

It is established for the first time that the C—O bonds of simple esters can be activated using a distinct catalytic system.
ChemInform Abstract: Screening, Synthesis, and in vitro Evaluation of Vinyl Sulfones as Inhibitors of Complement‐Dependent Cytotoxicity in Neuromyelitis Optica.
Authors: Kim Sung Min , et al.
Published: June 2016

Compound (IIIb) exhibits inhibitory effects against neuromyelitis optica (NMO)‐IgG/CDC and may be a potential therapeutic candidate for NMO treatment.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Reductive Alkylation of 2‐Hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinones with Lactols.
Authors: Kim Eliana E. , Onyango Evans O. , Pace Jennifer R. , Abbot Timothy M. , Fu Liangfeng , Gribble Gordon W.
Published: June 2016

Lactols in equilibrium with their open chain hydroxyaldehyde isomers react with naphthoquinone (II) in the presence of Hantzsch ester and catalytic amounts of L‐proline to form the corresponding alkylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric α‐Amination of 3‐Substituted Oxindoles Using Chiral Bifunctional Phosphine Catalysts.
Authors: Jin Qiao‐Wen , Chai Zhuo , Huang You‐Ming , Zou Gang , Zhao Gang
Published: June 2016

A variety of chiral 2‐oxindoles is prepared by the title amination of oxindoles with azodicarboxylates in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates Catalyzed by Chromium and Aluminum Salphen Complexes.
Authors: Castro‐Osma Jose A. , North Michael , Wu Xiao
Published: June 2016

Novel aluminium and chromium salphen complexes are prepared (not shown) and applied to the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from a range of epoxides and carbon dioxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Nickel‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,4,5‐Trisubstituted Imidazoles.
Authors: Chundawat Tejpal Singh , Sharma Nutan , Kumari Poonam , Bhagat Sunita
Published: June 2016

A N‐(4‐Bromophenyl)salicylidenimine‐derived nickel catalyst is used in the novel microwave‐assisted 3‐component reaction of benzil, arylaldehydes, and ammonium acetate to furnish the title compounds in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Four Component Synthesis of Novel 3‐Furyl Coumarin Derivatives.
Authors: Jalli Venkata Prasad , Krishnamurthy Suvratha , Moriguchi Tetsuji , Tsuge Akihiko
Published: June 2016

The four‐component one‐pot reaction of benzopyran (I), secondary amines, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, and isocyanides gives different 3‐furyl coumarin derivatives (V) or (IX) depending on the molar ratio of the reaction partners.
ChemInform Abstract: Fe+3‐Montmorillonite K10 as an Efficient Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Grind Mediated Synthesis of 14‐Aryl‐14H‐dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes.
Authors: Fekri Leila Z. , Nikpassand Mohammad , Fard Hajar S. , Marvi Omid
Published: June 2016

The catalyst is inexpensive, non‐toxic, easily to handle, and reusable.
ChemInform Abstract: Synergistic Effect of the TiCl4/p‐TsOH Promoter System on the Aza‐Prins Cyclization.
Authors: Durel Vianney , Lalli Claudia , Roisnel Thierry , van de Weghe Pierre
Published: June 2016

It is shown that the synergism between TiCl4 and p‐TosOH·H2O influences the cyclization reaction of N‐alkyl, N‐aryl, and nonprotected homoallylic amines with various aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct C—H Arylation of Pyridine N‐Oxides with Potassium Aryl‐ and Heteroaryltrifluoroborates.
Authors: Li Mengli , Li Xing , Chang Honghong , Gao Wenchao , Wei Wenlong
Published: June 2016

A general method for preparation of 2‐arylpyridine N‐oxides from pyridine N‐oxides and (hetero)aryltrifluoroborates is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: C6‐Selective Direct Alkylation of Pyridones with Diazo Compounds under Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Mild Conditions
Authors: Das Debapratim , Biswas Aniruddha , Karmakar Ujjwal , Chand Santanu , Samanta Rajarshi
Published: June 2016

using a pyridyl substituent attached to the nitrogen of the pyridinone ring as directing group
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Phenyl‐5,6‐dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolines and Their Evaluation as Growth Inhibitors of Carcinoma Cells.
Authors: Maurya Hardesh K. , Hasanain Mohammad , Singh Sarita , Sarkar Jayanta , Dubey Vijaya , Shukla Aparna , Luqman Suaib , Khan Feroz , Gupta Atul
Published: June 2016

A cyclization of chalcones with guanidine yields benzo[h]quinazolines which can be easily further converted to compounds (VII) or (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Direct Alkynylation of Tryptophan in Peptides Using TIPS‐EBX.
Authors: Tolnai Gergely L. , Brand Jonathan P. , Waser Jerome
Published: June 2016

The alkynylation of tryptophan in peptides is carried out under mild reaction conditions using the hypervalent iodine reagent (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Selenoxide Elimination of 1,2‐Bis[4‐(trimethylsilyl)phenylseleno]alkanes to Give (E)‐Alkenyl Selenoxides and Its Mechanistic Study.
Authors: Tarao Asami , Niki Aya , Komagawa Shinsuke , Arimitsu Kenji , Uchimoto Hitomi , Kawasaki Ikuo , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Nishide Kiyoharu
Published: June 2016

Oxidation of organo‐selenium compounds (I) with MCPBA generates bisselenoxide intermediates which undergo elimination to give products (II) with high regio‐ and E/Z‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review of Metal Oxynitrides for Photocatalysis
Authors: Ahmed Manan , Xinxin Guo
Published: June 2016

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rational Design of Semiconductor‐Based Photocatalysts for Advanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production: The Case of Cadmium Chalcogenides
Authors: Xu You , Huang Yi , Zhang Bin
Published: June 2016

Review: 213 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Vistas in the Molecular Chemistry of Thorium: Low Oxidation State Complexes
Authors: Ortu Fabrizio , Formanuik Alasdair , Innes James R. , Mills David P.
Published: June 2016

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Hydroacylation of Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Ghosh Avipsa , Johnson Kirsten F. , Vickerman Kevin L. , Walker James A. Jr. , Stanley Levi M.
Published: June 2016

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Clark Andrew J.
Published: June 2016

Review: [64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of Small Molecules by Biradicaloids
Authors: Hinz Alexander , Schulz Axel
Published: June 2016

Review: 28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Biologically Important s‐Triazine Based Chalcones
Authors: Anupama Anupama , Khan Iram , Singh Bhawani
Published: June 2016

Review: [39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Petasis‐Ferrier Rearrangement: Developments and Applications
Authors: Minbiole Emily C. , Minbiole Kevin P. C.
Published: June 2016

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxazole, Oxazoline and Isoxazoline Derived Marine Natural Products: A Review
Authors: Tilvi Supriya , Singh Keisham S.
Published: June 2016

Review: 166 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Dimensional Layered Nanomaterials for Gas‐sensing Applications
Authors: Yang Wei , Gan Lin , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou
Published: June 2016

Review: 157 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Homogeneous Chromophore‐Catalyst Assemblies
Authors: Mulfort Karen L. , Utschig Lisa M.
Published: June 2016

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Efficient Hyperthermia
Authors: Obaidat Ihab M. , Issa Bashar , Haik Yousef
Published: June 2016

Review: 132 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nuclear Demagnetization for Ultra‐Low Temperatures
Authors: Abe Satoshi , Matsumoto Koichi
Published: June 2016

Review: 28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Computational Approach to Diarylprolinol‐Silyl Ethers in Aminocatalysis
Authors: Halskov Kim Soeholm , Donslund Bjarke S. , Paz Bruno Matos , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: June 2016

Review: 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Analysis of Surface Binding Sites (SBS) Within GH62, GH13, and GH77
Authors: Wilkens Casper , et al.
Published: June 2016

Review: 57 refs.
Katalysatoren des Leuna Werkes 1945 – 1988: Von der Empirie zur Wissenschaft. Teil III: Hydroraffinationskatalysatoren
Authors: Becker Karl
Published: June 2016

In Teil 1 dieser Berichtsreihe wurde der Weg der Entwicklung und Fertigung technischer Katalysatoren im Leuna Werk in den Jahren 1921 – 1945, in Teil 2 die Entwicklung von Reformier‐ und Isomerisierungskatalysatoren in den Jahren von 1950 – 1991 dargestellt. Der vorliegenden dritte Teil verfolgt den Weg der für die Wirtschaft der DDR wichtigen Gruppe der Hydroraffinationskatalysatoren. 36 Katalysatoren und 15 spezielle Aluminiumoxide sowie röntgenamorphe und kristalline Alumosilikate wurden für die Leunaer Hydrierung und weitere Raffineriebetriebe der DDR einwickelt und zum technischen Einsatz gebracht. Neue Verfahren wurden erarbeitet und mit maßgeschneiderten Katalysatoren ausgestattet.
Selective Introduction of Carbazole and Diphenylamine into Spirofluorenexanthene Core for Different Phosphorescent Hosts
Authors: Sun Mingli , Yue Shouzhen , Cao Hongtao , Ou Changjin , Qian Yan , Wang Ting , Chen Ligang , Zhao Yi , Huang Wei
Published: June 2016

Built on the spiro[fluorene‐9,9′‐xanthene] (SFX) core and two frequently‐used hole‐transporting groups such as carbazole and diphenylamine, two SFX derivatives, namely SFXCz and SFXDPA, have been synthesized by one‐step reaction for red, green and blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting devices (PHOLEDs). Though the properties of these two groups are very similar, the devices based on SFXCz and SFXDPA exhibit distinct performances. In blue PHOLEDs, the device based on SFXCz exhibited much better performances than that based on SFXDPA. However, the latter was superior to the former in green and red PHOLEDs. And the red PHOLED based on SFXDPA exhibited maximum current efficiency (CE) of 27.1 cd·A−1, power efficiency (PE) of 25.0 lm·W−1, and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 15.0%. The results show that the introduction of diphenylamine group is suitable for constructing green and red host materials, whereas the introduction of carbazole group is suitable for constructing blue host materials.
Ecosystem Service Mapping and Assessment as a Support for Policy and Decision Making
Authors: Stępniewska Małgorzata
Published: June 2016

The aim of this paper is to investigate the potential of ecosystem services (ES) research to support policy and decision‐making. As the ES concept is a multitier framework, there is no ideal entry point for conducting useful ES analysis. The entry point depends on the particular empirical or policy question being researched. The information on ES potential can contribute to the management of ecosystems, which provides services, including identification of priority conservation and restoration areas. Understanding the ES flows helps to protect paths needed to transmit the services to users. The demand for ES determines society's ambitions for sustainable management and ensuring a continuous supply of desired services. In turn, budget analyses allow identification of supply–demand mismatches across landscapes, and point out the appropriate institutional scale for environmental decision‐making. The benefit of trade‐offs analysis is weighing the improvements in one ES against the decrease of another. Finally, the specific configuration of rivalry and excludability of particular services enables the arrangement of an appropriate scheme of payments for ES. The complex recognition of the range of possible ES mapping and assessment products can help to match the ES analysis with policy goals. Once we identify a good entry point for examining a specific policy question, we can adequately embed the planned study within the ES framework.
Impact of Biocides on Hydrogen Sulfide Production and Growth of Desulfovibrio vulgaris
Authors: Ben‐Dov Eitan , Zisman Ofir , Brenner Asher , Kushmaro Ariel
Published: June 2016

Inhibition of sulfide production by sulfate‐reducing bacteria can be achieved by the use of chemical agents such as nitrite, molybdate, or copper. Herein, we tested the effect of these biocides and their combinations on the growth and production of H2S by Desulfovibrio vulgaris subsp. vulgaris. At pH 6.6, lower concentrations of biocides were required to inhibit H2S production in comparison to pH 7.8, as a consequence of higher production rates of bactericidal nitrous acid, or lower formation rates of thiomolybdate. A combination of 0.1 mM MoO42− and 0.25 mM NO2− at pH 7.8 was found to be synergistic, leading to an inhibition rate of 56% in H2S production and of 85% in D. vulgaris growth.
Defining synergy thermodynamically using quantitative measurements of entropy and free energy
Authors: Jaffe Klaus , Febres Gerardo
Published: June 2016

Synergy is often defined as the creation of a whole that is greater than the sum of its parts. It is found at all levels of organization in physics, chemistry, biology, social sciences, and the arts. Synergy occurs in open irreversible thermodynamic systems making it difficult to quantify. Negative entropy or negentropy (
) has been related to order and complexity, and so has work efficiency, information content, Gibbs Free Energy in equilibrium thermodynamics, and useful work efficiency in general (
). To define synergy in thermodynamic terms, we use the quantitative estimates of changes in
and
in seven different systems that suffer process described as synergistic. The results show that synergistic processes are characterized by an increase in
coupled to an increase in
. Processes not associated to synergy show a different pattern. The opposite of synergy are dissipative processes such as combustion where both
and
decrease. The synergistic processes studied showed a relatively greater increase in
compared to
opening ways to quantify energy—or information—dissipation due to the second law of thermodynamics in open irreversible systems. As a result, we propose a precise thermodynamic definition of synergy and show the potential of thermodynamic measurements in identifying, classifying and analysing in detail synergistic processes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 235–242, 2016
Accommodation of Symptoms in Anorexia Nervosa: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Fox John R. E. , Whittlesea Anna
Published: June 2016

Anorexia nervosa (AN) continues to remain poorly understood within eating disorders. Recent research and theory have moved away from understanding its aetiological causes, addressing instead potential maintaining factors. This study is focused on interpersonal maintenance factors: the response of close others. Relatives of those with AN typically carry the main burden of care, and research has found high levels of carer distress and unmet needs. Recent theories have proposed this emotional impact to contribute to expressed emotion and other unhelpful caregiver interactions which inadvertently maintain AN. One such understudied response is accommodation, described as a ‘process’ whereby caregivers ‘assist or participate’ in symptomatic behaviours of the cared for individual. There is a dearth of research relating to accommodation within eating disorders, particularly qualitative accounts. This study utilized a grounded theory methodology to explore caregivers' responses to managing AN, focusing particularly on carers' experience of accommodation. Eight participants with experience of caring for an individual diagnosed with AN were interviewed. Participants were recruited from a national eating disorder charity and regional eating disorder service. A number of themes emerged, including the importance of caregivers' emotional resources in mediating accommodation responses. Low‐perceived efficacy over AN contributed to caregiver burnout. Decreased emotional resources influenced a shift in caregiving aims conducive with accommodation. Nevertheless, carers perceived accommodation as counterproductive to recovery and consequently experienced internal conflict (cognitive dissonance). Dissonance was reduced using a number of cognitive and behavioural strategies. The implications of these findings are discussed with reference to existing literature. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Anorexia nervosa (AN) can be difficult to manage. Over time, carers can feel powerless, and their emotional resources diminish.

Diminished resources led to a shift in caregiving aims and responses. Subsequently, carers accommodated AN‐related behaviours.

Carers recognized accommodation as counterproductive and experienced internal conflict (dissonance). This was reduced using a number of strategies.

Skill‐based interventions designed to empower carers to manage difficult AN behaviours are recommended.

Motivational interviewing to develop discrepancies between caregiving aims and responses may promote a shift in the caregiving approach.
Multilateral Institutions and Conflict Resolution
Authors: Grigorescu Alexandru , Melin Molly M.
Published: June 2016

States have a multitude of tools for territorial dispute resolution at their disposal ranging from direct bilateral negotiations to third‐party states to international organizations (IOs). While the literature explores when states are more likely to accept a third party in their negotiations and when they are more likely to seek a resolution to their disputes bilaterally, we have little understanding of why states are more likely to seek IOs for such tasks. We examine the disputants that prefer certain conflict managers, with a focus on the distinguishing characteristics of IO‐led conflict management. We derive a set of hypotheses based on our expectations that, due to the institutional and multilateral characteristics of IOs, certain states will turn to them to resolve their disputes while others will avoid them. Using the Issue Correlates of War data, we find support for our hypotheses. We conclude that the institutional and multilateral characteristics of negotiations indeed affect states’ conflict resolution choices.
Understanding the Interactions of CO2 with Doped and Undoped SrTiO3
Authors: Wu Qiyuan , Cen Jiajie , Goodman Kenneth R , White Michael G. , Ramakrishnan Girish , Orlov Alexander
Published: June 2016

SrTiO3 and doped SrTiO3 have a wide range of applications in different fields. For example, Rh‐doped SrTiO3 has been shown to have photocatalytic activity for both hydrogen production and CO2 conversion. In this study, both undoped and Rh‐doped SrTiO3 were synthesized by hydrothermal and polymerizable complex methods. Different characterizations techniques including X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), XRD, Raman, and UV/Vis spectroscopy were utilized to establish correlations between the preparation methods and the electronic/structural properties of Rh‐doped SrTiO3. The presence of dopants and oxygen vacancies substantially influenced the CO2 interactions with the surface, as revealed by the in situ infrared spectroscopic study. The presence of distinctly different adsorption sites was correlated to oxygen vacancies and oxidation states of Ti and Rh.
Regional regulation of Filiform tongue papillae development by Ikkα/Irf6
Authors: Kawasaki Maiko , Kawasaki Katsushige , Oommen Shelly , Blackburn James , Watanabe Momoko , Nagai Takahiro , Kitamura Atsushi , Maeda Takeyasu , Liu Bigang , Schmidt‐Ullrich Ruth , Akiyama Taishin , Inoue Jun‐Ichiro , Hammond Nigel L. , Sharpe Paul T. , Ohazama Atsushi
Published: June 2016

Background: Non‐gustatory filiform papillae play critical roles in helping to grip food, drawing food to the esophagus, cleaning the mouth, and spreading saliva. The molecular mechanisms of filiform tongue papillae development however are not fully understood. Results: We found Ikkα and Irf6 expression in developing tongue epithelium, and describe here specific tongue abnormalities in mice with mutation of these genes, indicating a role for Ikkα and Irf6 in filiform papillae development. Ikkα and Irf6 mutant tongues showed ectopic vertical epithelium at the midline, while lateral sides of mutant tongues adhered to the oral mucosa. Both the ectopic median vertical epithelium and adhered epithelium exhibited the presence of filiform tongue papillae, whereas epithelium between the median vertical epithelium and adhered tongue showed a loss of filiform tongue papillae. Timing of filiform papillae development was found to be slightly different between the midline and lateral regions of the wild‐type tongue. Conclusions: Filiform papillae thus develop through distinct molecular mechanisms between the regions of tongue dorsum in the medio‐lateral axis, with some filiform papillae developing under the control of Ikkα and Irf6. Developmental Dynamics 245:937–946, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nanocarbon‐based Electrochemical Detection of Heavy Metals
Authors: Pandey Shailendra Kumar , Singh Priti , Singh Jyoti , Sachan Sadhana , Srivastava Sameer , Singh Sunil Kumar
Published: June 2016

Heavy metal species are toxic, non‐decomposable molecules which exist in our ecological systems and food chains, eventually exposing us to serious health hazards and economic damage. In this context, various attempts have been made for sensitive detection of heavy metal ions through electrochemical sensor. Carbon nanomaterials endowed with unique physiochemical properties were found to be most suitable for electrochemical detection of heavy metal due to their ease to modify, high sensitivity, good selectivity and high reproducibility. Here, we present a critical review about detection of heavy metals using nanocarbon with focus on graphene and carbon nanotubes in various sources of water, soil, and foods for fast and sensitive detection of heavy metal ions. We have evaluated the current trends and discussed the major challenges associated with electrode modification and electrochemical analysis with the aim to achieve the best sensing performance.
DNA sequencing with stacked nanopores and exonuclease: A simulation‐based analysis
Authors: Sampath Gopalan
Published: June 2016

Experiments have shown that DNA can be sequenced using an electrolytic cell with a nanopore and an exonuclease enzyme in the cis chamber that cleaves the leading mononucleotide in a strand of DNA. The base therein can be identified with an accuracy of 80–90% by the level of the current blockade caused in the pore; a biological adapter inside slows down the cleaved mononucleotide and lowers the detection bandwidth required. In this approach, which has been mathematically modeled, analyzed, and simulated, mononucleotides are likely to be lost to diffusion or enter the pore out of order. To remedy this, a modified cell with three stacked nanopores (named UNP, MNP, and DNP) and the enzyme attached to the trans side of UNP is proposed and modeled. Mononucleotide translocation is simulated with the random walk of a dimensionless particle; the results show that the cleaved mononucleotides translocate through MNP and DNP in sequence order without loss. If this holds in practice then with a suitably designed adapter and compatible enzyme turnover rates sequencing accuracy would be limited only by the accuracy of mononucleotide discrimination. Potential implementation issues are discussed.
Study on the interaction of uranyl with sulfated beta‐cyclodextrin by affinity capillary electrophoresis and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Li Linnan , Zhang Yiding , Li Xianjiang , Shen Sensen , Huang Hexiang , Bai Yu , Liu Huwei
Published: June 2016

The study on sulfated beta‐cyclodextrin binding to uranyl ion helps to get a better understanding of uranyl compounds’ intermolecular interaction mechanism and facilitates the structure‐based design of uranyl binding molecules. Here we investigated the electromigration of the inclusion complex by using affinity capillary electrophoresis in acidic solution. The binding constant was determined to be logK = 2.96 ± 0.02 (R2 = 0.996) through nonlinear regression approach. The possible configurations and structural features of the inclusion complex were further studied by molecular dynamics simulation. The results suggest the distinctions of coordination environment and hydration compared with bare uranyl ion in aqueous solution. Thus, two water oxygen atoms coordinated with uranyl in the first hydration shell at 2.55 angstrom instead of five in the same distance range. The binding free energy was calculated as –12.10 ± 1.46 kcal/mol by means of thermodynamic perturbation method. The negative value indicates that the process of S‐β‐CD capture uranyl ion in the aqueous media is spontaneous.
Investigating Robustness of Item Response Theory Proficiency Estimators to Atypical Response Behaviors Under Two‐Stage Multistage Testing
Authors: Kim Sooyeon , Moses Tim
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the extent to which item response theory (IRT) proficiency estimation methods are robust to the presence of aberrant responses under the GRE® General Test multistage adaptive testing (MST) design. To that end, a wide range of atypical response behaviors affecting as much as 10% of the test items were simulated using a generic GRE 2‐stage MST and the 2‐parameter logistic (2PL) IRT model. As expected, some differences were found among the 5 estimators in terms of the recovery of the true theta ability; for example, Bayesian estimators had lower error variance and their estimates were regressed to the mean. Once the IRT theta estimates were scaled onto a comparable reporting score scale, however, it was found that all the estimation methods investigated, including the one currently used to score GRE MSTs, were equally robust under the simulated conditions.
Pyrodiversity and the anthropocene: the role of fire in the broad spectrum revolution
Authors: Bird Douglas W. , Bliege Bird Rebecca , Codding Brian F.
Published: June 2016

The Anthropocene colloquially refers to a global regime of human‐caused environmental modification of earth systems associated with profound changes in patterns of human mobility, as well as settlement and resource use compared with prior eras. Some have argued that the processes generating the Anthropocene are mainly associated with population growth and technological innovation, and thus began only in the late Holocene under conditions of dense sedentism and industrial agriculture.1However, it now seems clear that the roots of the Anthropocene lie in complex processes of intensification that significantly predate transitions to agriculture.2,3What intensification is remains less clear. For some it is increasing economic productivity that increases carrying capacity, the drivers of which may be too diverse and too local to generalize.4,5For others using Boserup's ideas about agrarian intensification, increasing density in hunter‐gatherer populations can produce declines in subsistence efficiency that increase incentives for investing labor to boost yield per unit area, which then elevates Malthusian limits on carrying capacity.6–8As Morgan9demonstrates in a comprehensive review, the legacy of such Boserupian intensification is alive, well, and controversial in hunter‐gatherer archeology. This is a result of its potential for illuminating processes involved in transformations of forager socio‐political and economic systems, including those dominated by harvesting more immediate‐return resources and high residential mobility as well as those characterized by more delayed‐return material economies with reduced residential mobility, a broader spectrum of resources, degrees of storage, and greater social stratification. Here we detail hypotheses about the processes involved in such transitions and explore the way that anthropogenic disturbance of ecosystems, especially the use of landscape fire, could be fundamentally entangled with many broad‐spectrum revolutions associated with intensified foraging systems.