bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Modern Theories of Truth
Authors: Nelson Alan H.
Published: September 2018

This is an interpretation of some important theories of truth from Descartes to Leibniz. The main focus is on three related features of these theories. The first is that true propositions are analyzed in terms of ideas or concepts. The second is that concept containment is the primary account of truth. And the third is that ideas or concepts are understood compositionally; they are aggregates of ideas that bottom out in simple ideas. In the case of Spinoza, the traditional equation of truth with existence or being can also be found. Finally, in Hobbes and Leibniz we find the framework for formal theories of truth and inference.
Contextual Theories of Truth and Paradox
Authors: Simmons Keith
Published: September 2018

This chapter reviews the major contextual theories of truth and paradox. These theories are all motivated by a certain kind of liar discourse, sometimes called the strengthened liar or revenge liar. A contextual framework for the analysis of this kind of discourse is presented, drawing on Stalnaker’s and Lewis’s—and others’—work on context-change. The various contextual theories of truth differ in their specific treatments of revenge discourses. According to Burge’s hierarchical theory and Simmons’s non-hierarchical singularity theory, the predicate “true” is a context-sensitive predicate. According to the hierarchical approaches of Parsons and Glanzberg, the context-dependence of truth is derived from the context-dependence of quantifier domains, while for Barwise and Etchemendy, it is situations that may expand with the context. Any approach to the liar faces the threat of new paradoxes tailored to that approach, and these contextual theories are no exception. Challenges to these contextual theories are examined.
Truth Pluralism
Authors: Pedersen Nikolaj J. L. L. , Lynch Michael P.
Published: September 2018

Monism about truth is the view that there is precisely one way of being true. Nihilism about truth is the view that there is no such thing as being true. Pluralism about truth is the view that there are several ways of being true. For the pluralist, truth is Many; in particular, different ways of being true apply to different domains of discourse. The way in which propositions about physics may be true could differ from the way in which the propositions of morality may be true. This chapter provides an introduction to truth pluralism and offers a brief survey of different incarnations of the view. It discusses whether different kinds of pluralist have the resources adequately to address the various challenges and objections, and ends with a brief discussion of what connections, if any, pluralism about truth might bear to other kinds of pluralism.
Introduction
Authors: Glanzberg Michael
Published: September 2018

Introduction
Truth in Frege
Authors: Heck Richard G. , May Robert
Published: September 2018

A general survey of Frege’s views on truth, the chapter explores the problems in response to which Frege’s distinctive view that sentences refer to truth-values develops. Particular attention is paid to Frege’s early engagement with the work of George Boole, how the notion of truth-functionality emerges from it, and the tensions in Frege’s notion of content that this exposes. It also discusses Frege’s view that truth-values are objects and the so-called regress argument for the indefinability of truth, which has been the focus of much of the literature concerning Frege on truth. Finally, the chapter considers, very briefly, the question whether Frege was, as is so often claimed, a deflationist.
Spirituality and Interprofessional Healthcare Education
Authors: Hovland Cynthia , Niederriter Joan , Thoman Joan
Published: September 2018

Undergraduate and graduate programs for healthcare professions are inconsistent in curricular offerings and incorporation of spiritual training. This study reviewed perceptions and opinions about spiritual care held by students at an American university. Data were collected using the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale and one open-ended question. Findings indicated that many students were comfortable incorporating spirituality into practice, and they desired additional training. As to how students would apply spirituality to their practice, themes of facilitating connection, holistic care, spiritual interventions, and benefits of spirituality were identified.
Building God's Kingdom Through Strengths-Based Teaching
Authors: Hermanns Melinda , Greer Danice B.
Published: September 2018

Teaching nursing students using a strengths-based instructional framework provides an encouraging and positive learning environment. The authors advocate learning one's own strengths and gifts through the Strengthsfinder tool, then applying that self-understanding to teach in a way that instills confidence in students.
Metallic Air Pollutants and Breast Cancer Risk in a Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: White Alexandra J. , O’Brien Katie M. , Niehoff Nicole M. , Carroll Rachel , Sandler Dale P.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Toxic metals show evidence of carcinogenic and estrogenic properties. However, little is known about the relationship between airborne metals and breast cancer. We evaluated the risk of breast cancer in relation to exposure to toxic metallic substances in air, individually and combined, in a US-wide cohort.

Methods:

Sister Study participants (n = 50,884), breast cancer–free women who had a sister with breast cancer were recruited, from 2003 to 2009. The 2005 Environmental Protection Agency National Air Toxic Assessment’s census-tract estimates of metal concentrations in air (antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, and selenium) were matched to participants’ enrollment residence. We used Cox regression to estimate the association between quintiles of individual metals and breast cancer incidence and weighted quantile sum regression to model the association between the metal mixture and breast cancer.

Results:

A total of 2,587 breast cancer cases were diagnosed during follow-up (mean = 7.4 years). In individual chemical analyses comparing the highest to lowest quintiles, postmenopausal breast cancer risk was elevated for mercury (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1, 1.5), cadmium (HR = 1.1, 95% CI, 0.96, 1.3), and lead (HR = 1.1, 95% CI, 0.98, 1.3). The weighted quantile sum index was associated with postmenopausal breast cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 1.1, 95% CI, 1.0, 1.1). Consistent with the individual chemical analysis, the most highly weighted chemicals for predicting postmenopausal breast cancer risk were lead, cadmium, and mercury. Results were attenuated for overall breast cancer.

Conclusions:

Higher levels of some airborne metals, specifically mercury, cadmium, and lead, were associated with a higher risk of postmenopausal breast cancer.
Innervated Pedicled Gracilis Flap for Dynamic Abdominal Wall Reconstruction
Authors: Mujadzic Tarik , Gober Charles A. , Nahabedian David B. , Ritter Edmond F. , Mujadzic Mirsad
Published: September 2018

Abdominal wall reconstruction for full-thickness defects is a challenging procedure that usually requires the use of flaps. The gracilis flap is known to be used in hernia repair in which the abdominal muscles are still intact, but there are no reports in literature describing the use of an innervated gracilis for dynamic abdominal wall reconstruction after tissue loss due to severe trauma. We present a surgical technique in which the gracilis is harvested preserving the neurovascular pedicle, then tunneled underneath the adductor longus to cover the lower abdominal defect and provide it with basal muscle tone without tension on the pedicle. This results in restored integrity of the musculofascial abdominal wall and dynamic muscle function and support. The gracilis flap has been proven to be useful and versatile in reconstructive surgery with great potential in abdominal wall reconstruction having minimal donor-site morbidity and hernia recurrence risk.
Cartilage Allografts for Aesthetic Nose Surgery: A Viable Option
Authors: Vargas German , Biguria Rafael
Published: September 2018

Background:

Illusions in rhinoplasty are a powerful tool yet often overlooked. There are numerous examples of how a specific change in 1 part of the nose will influence the balance of the nose on the entire face. Although cartilage autograft remains the gold standard in structural reconstruction of the nose, for selected cases, allografts can be favored.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was performed on all patients who underwent cartilage allograft for aesthetic nose surgery from January 2012 to June 2017. All patients were informed of the therapeutic and experimental nature of the localized cartilage allograft use and then consented to the procedure orally and in writing. From January 2012 to June 2017, a total of 105 patients were operated on using cartilage allografts.

Results:

Of these 105 patients, follow-up to a year was achieved in 97.

Conclusion:

The use of cartilage allograft in our practice has been a useful proven tool that can help manage a patient aesthetic outcome. This gives us the opportunity for cartilage banking and thus, using it, fewer incisions and scars on our patients.
Appraisal of the Free Ulnar Flap Versatility in Craniofacial Soft-tissue Reconstruction
Authors: Kantar Rami S. , Rifkin William J. , Cammarata Michael J. , Jacoby Adam , Farber Scott J. , Diaz-Siso J. Rodrigo , Ceradini Daniel J. , Rodriguez Eduardo D.
Published: September 2018

The unique anatomical characteristics of the forearm region make it especially popular as a free flap donor site for craniofacial soft-tissue reconstruction. The free ulnar forearm flap is less hirsute and allows for better concealment of donor site scar as compared with its radial counterpart. Despite these factors, the free radial forearm flap remains more popular among reconstructive surgeons. Through the presented case series, we hope to emphasize the versatile nature of the free ulnar forearm flap in addressing various craniofacial soft-tissue defects. Following institutional review board approval, a retrospective review of the senior authors' clinical experience performing microvascular free ulnar forearm flap reconstruction of craniofacial soft-tissue defects was performed. A total of 10 patients were identified through our review. Soft-tissue defect locations included lower eyelid (n = 2), tongue and floor of mouth (n = 2), lower lip (n = 2), palatopharyngeal area (n = 1), nose (n = 1), and palate (n = 1). Trauma was the most common defect etiology (n = 5), followed by malignancy (n = 4), and iatrogenic injury in 1 case. All patients demonstrated good aesthetic and functional outcomes related to vision, speech, and oral intake at follow-up when applicable. The free ulnar forearm flap is a versatile reconstructive option that can be used to address a wide spectrum of craniofacial soft-tissue defects and offers numerous advantages over its radial counterpart.
Establishing Priorities for the International Confederation of Plastic Surgery Societies
Authors: Cooter Rodney D. , Brightman Louise A. , Clarke Howard M. , Cruz Norma I. , Evans Greg R. D. , Koh Kyung S. , Murphy Robert X. , Perks Graeme A. B. , Rakhorst Hinne A.
Published: September 2018

Background:

The mission of the International Confederation of Plastic Surgery Societies (ICOPLAST) is to improve patient outcomes through collaboratively structured processes in education, advocacy and communication. This article explains how we approached the task of establishing priorities for this nascent confederation in an equitable and achievable manner.

Methods:

In late 2016, an online survey was sent to the inaugural 62 ICOPLAST member national societies for dissemination to their respective plastic surgeon members. Functional domains and proposed initiatives were ranked according to their level of importance by individual plastic surgeons.

Results:

The survey was completed by 572 plastic surgeons. As a functional domain, education was highly ranked by 75.3% of respondents, followed by patient safety (67.4%), communication (59.3%), humanitarian (46.6%), regulation (41.2%), and advocacy (41.1%). Respondents also ranked individual initiatives within each domain to produce a compilation list of the top 13 initiatives of importance.

Conclusion:

This study has identified priorities of importance to ICOPLAST members, which will aid in building a strategic framework and enhancing outcomes for patients, plastic surgeons, and the field of plastic surgery more broadly.
Sino-Orbital Fungal Infection by Tilletiopsis minor, a Rare Human Pathogen, Diagnosed by Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequencing
Authors: Godfrey Kyle J. , McConville Thomas H. , Miko Benjamin A. , Kazim Michael
Published: September 2018

Orbital infection can be caused by numerous pathogens, and accurate diagnosis informs appropriate therapy. The authors report a case of a 78-year-old man with well-controlled diabetes mellitus and recurrent sino-orbital infection following multiple surgical procedures with negative microbiologic results. This case presented a diagnostic and treatment challenge and was aided by the use of internal transcribed spacer sequencing for pathogen identification. The fungal pathogen, Tilletiopsis minor, has not previously been described as a human pathogen in the sinus and orbit. This report describes a novel orbital pathogen and highlights the importance of diagnostic diligence and utilizing internal transcribed spacer sequencing in the workup of atypical orbital infection.
Scanning Electron Microscopic Features of the Inferior Meatal Nasolacrimal Duct Openings
Authors: Ali Mohammad Javed
Published: September 2018

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to examine the ultrastructural features of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) openings in the inferior meatus.

Methods:

Five openings of the NLD in the inferior meati from 5 sagittal head sections of 3 cadavers were studied. Each of the openings were completely excised with 2 mm margins on all sides and transported to the laboratory in 2.5% glutaraldehyde. The analysis was performed using the standard protocols of scanning electron microscopy. The ends, edges, and surfaces were studied along with the mucosal folds, if any, guarding the edge of the openings.

Results:

Of the 5 NLD openings studied, 4 were of the sulcus variety and 1 was of the shape of a fissure. The fissure opening had a guarding anterior edge mucosal fold. The luminal surfaces of the openings were mostly smooth with focal defined glandular structures. Occasional heterogenous areas with prominent and extensive well-defined glands lined by ciliated columnar epithelium were noted. There were presence of mucosal folds on the floor of the sulci of the openings giving an appearance of a subsulcus.

Conclusions:

The luminal surfaces of the NLD openings in the inferior meati shows mucosal folds reflected on themselves and cavernous vessels throughout the expanse of the openings. Tear rheology at the NLD opening and the physiologic role of subsulci need to be investigated further.
Fall Risk Program for Oncology Inpatients
Authors: Chang Sin-Yuan , Chen Wen-Shiang , Teng Ting , Yeh Chien-Yu , Yen Hsiao-Ching
Published: September 2018

Background:

The incidence of falls on inpatient oncology units indicated the need for quality improvement. This project aimed to reduce falls by implementing a fall reduction plan including the “Traffic Light” Fall Risk Assessment Tool (TL-FRAT).

Local Problem:

We retrospectively reviewed the oncology unit fall data from January 2013 to September 2014 and found that the average fall incidence was high.

Methods:

The project used a program evaluation design, and the process was guided by Kotter's 8-step change model.

Interventions:

We implemented the TL-FRAT to classify oncology inpatients at a high risk of falling in advance.

Results:

The average fall incidence and falls with injury during the project were reduced.

Conclusions:

Adding the TL-FRAT to the fall protocol on the units effectively reduced the incidence of falls related to impaired mobility. The TL-FRAT can improve nurses' sensitivity to falls related to impaired mobility and, subsequently, guide corresponding fall prevention strategies.
Sustaining Quality Improvement
Authors: Baker Dian , Quinn Barbara , Ewan Victoria , Giuliano Karen K.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Hospital-acquired pneumonia is now the number one hospital-acquired infection. Hospitals have addressed ventilator-associated pneumonia; however, patients not on a ventilator acquire more pneumonia with significant associated mortality rates.

Local Problem:

In our hospital, non-ventilator-associated pneumonia was occurring on all types of units.

Methods:

The Influencer Model was used to reduce nonventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia rates. Statistical process control R and X-bar-charts were monitored monthly.

Interventions:

After a gap analysis, an interdisciplinary team implemented enhanced oral care before surgery and on the units, changed tube management, and monitored stress ulcer medication.

Results:

We achieved a statistically significantly reduction (P = .01) in pneumonia rates that have been sustained over 4 years.

Conclusions:

Sustaining change requires (a) a continued team-based, collaborative approach, (b) ongoing stakeholder and executive leadership engagement, (c) monitoring that easy-to-use protocols and required equipment remain in place, and (d) embedded analytics to monitor results over a prolonged period.
A developmental arrest? Interruption and identity in adolescent chronic pain
Authors: Jordan Abbie , Noel Melanie , Caes Line , Connell Hannah , Gauntlett-Gilbert Jeremy
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

Although the pediatric pain literature has explored the role of developmental factors in young children's acute pain, relatively less is known about specific developmental challenges in adolescents with chronic pain.

Objectives:

To meet this knowledge gap, this study sought to adopt an idiographic phenomenological approach to examine how adolescents make sense of their own development in the context of living with chronic pain.

Methods:

Semistructured interviews were conducted with ten adolescents (12–17 years; 7 females) recruited from a tertiary care pain treatment programme. Interview data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.

Results:

Study findings identified 2 themes: “An externally imposed lens on identity” and “Paradoxes of developmental progress.” The first theme highlighted an understanding of how adolescent identity is perceived. Some adolescents perceived identity as distinct from pain, whereas others perceived identity as part of their chronic pain condition. This theme also detailed how identity was negotiated by adolescents and others through engagement with valued activities. The second theme represented an understanding of how chronic pain disrupts and alters adolescent developmental trajectories at an individual level, suggesting possibilities of enhanced and delayed trajectories. Enhanced trajectories were associated with increased management of emotionally difficult situations and resulted in mastery of complex interpersonal skills.

Conclusion:

Findings provided a nuanced understanding of developmental progress in the context of adolescent chronic pain and suggested challenges with drawing normative comparisons. Future research could extend findings by adopting a longitudinal approach to studying adolescent development and eliciting accounts from broader social groups.
Comparison of early effects of PCV7, PCV10 and PCV13 on S. pneumoniae (SP) nasopharyngeal carriage in a population based study; the Palestinian-Israeli Collaborative Research (PICR)
Authors: Seir Rania Abu , Azmi Kifaya , Hamdan Ayob , Namouz Hanan , Jaar Fuad , Jaber Hanaa , Rubin Carmit , Doron Dafna , Rahav Galia , Abdeen Ziad , Regev-Yochay Gili
Published: September 2018

Background

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), PCV10 and PCV13, are currently used in different countries. We have previously reported the effectiveness of PCV7, following its introduction in Israel and before PCVs were introduced in Palestine. Here, we extended the study and compared the initial impact of PCV10 to that of PCV7/13.

Methods

Four cross-sectional surveys of S. pneumoniae carriage among children <5y through 2009-2014 were preformed among two proximate populations, living under two distinct health authorities, with different vaccination policies. In East-Jerusalem (EJ), PCV7 was implemented in 2009 and replaced by PCV13 in late 2010, while in Palestine (PA), PCV10 was implemented in 2011.

Results

A total of 1267 and 2414 children from EJ and PA were screened. Implementation of both PCV7 (in EJ) and PCV10 (in PA) did not affect overall S. pneumoniae carriage (∼30%), but resulted in a significant decrease in carriage of VT7 strains. In the pre-vaccine era, VT7/VT13 strains consisted 47.0%/62.0% and 41.2%/54.8% of pneumococci in EJ and PA, respectively. A 48.6% and 53.9% decrease was observed within 3 years of PCV7 implementation in EJ (p= 0.001) and PCV10 in PA (p<0.0001), respectively. These vaccination policies also resulted in ∼50% reduction in VT13-added serotypes especially 6A (from 11.0% to 0.0% (EJ) and 9.5% to 4.9% (PA)). Three years after PCV13 implementation in EJ, an additional 67% decrease in VT13 strains was observed, yet an increase in serotype 3 was observed (0.0% to 3.4%, p=0.056). The prevalence of non-VT13 strains increased during the study period from 38% and 45.3% to 89.8% and 70.7%, in EJ and in PA respectively.

Conclusions

Within the first three years following PCV implementation, we observed similar reductions in carriage of VT10 and VT13 strains with either vaccination policies, with no effect on overall carriage. Further follow-up is needed to compare the long-term effects.
Network Structure During Encoding Predicts Working Memory Performance
Authors: Wodeyar Anirudh , Srinivasan Ramesh
Published: September 2018

Working memory operates through networks that integrate distributed modular brain activity. We characterize the structure of networks in different electroencephalographic frequency bands while individuals perform a working memory task. The objective was to identify network properties that support working memory function during the encoding, maintenance, and retrieval of memory. In each EEG frequency band, we estimated a complex-valued Gaussian graphical model to characterize the structure of brain networks using measures from graph theory. Critically, the structural characteristics of brain networks that facilitate performance are all established during encoding, suggesting that they reflect the effect of attention on the quality of the representation in working memory. Segregation of networks in the alpha and beta bands during encoding increased with accuracy. In the theta band, greater integration of functional clusters involving the temporal lobe with other cortical areas predicted faster response time, starting in the encoding interval and persisting throughout the task, indicating that functional clustering facilitates rapid memory manipulation.
Distribution of native European spiders follows the prey attraction pattern of introduced carnivorous pitcher plants
Authors: Zander Axel , Girardet Marie-Amélie , Bersier Louis-Félix
Published: September 2018

Carnivorous plants and spiders are known to compete for resources. In North America, spiders of the genus Agelenopsis are known to build funnel-webs, using Sarracenia purpurea pitchers as a base, retreat and storage room. They also very likely profit from the insect attraction of S. purpurea. In a fen in Europe, S. purpurea was introduced ~65 years ago and co-occurs with native insect predators. Despite the absence of common evolutionary history, we observed native funnels-spiders (genus Agelena) building funnel webs on top of S. purpurea in similar ways as Agelelopsis. Furthermore, we observed specimen of the raft-spider (Dolmedes fimbriatus) and the pygmy-shrew (Sorex minutus) stealing prey-items out of the pitchers. We conducted an observational study, comparing plots with and without S. purpurea, to test if Agelena were attracted by S. purpurea, and found that their presence indeed increases Agelena abundance. Additionally, we tested if this facilitation was due to the structure provided for building webs or enhanced prey availability. Since the number of webs matched the temporal pattern of insect attraction by the plant, we conclude that the gain in food is likely the key factor for web installation. Our results provide an interesting case of facilitation by an introduced plant for a local predator, which has developed in a very short time scale.
Natural alteration of HIV-1 co-receptor tropism by contemporaneous HIV-2 infection
Authors: Esbjörnsson Joakim , Månsson Fredrik , Norrgren Hans , Rowland-Jones Sarah L.
Published: September 2018

In this study, we show that the pathogenic HIV-1 CXCR4-tropism is more common in HIV-1 single (79%) than in HIV-1 and HIV-2 dual-infected individuals (35%), suggesting that contemporaneous HIV-2 infection can affect HIV-1 co-receptor tropism in late-stage disease. Understanding the underlying mechanisms responsible for this natural alteration by HIV-2 could pave the way towards a deeper understanding of the AIDS pathogenesis.
Tracing the phylogenetic history of the Crl regulon through theBacteriaandArchaea genomes
Authors: Santos-Zavaleta A , Pérez-Rueda E , Sánchez-Pérez M , Velázquez-Ramírez D A , Collado-Vides J
Published: September 2018

Crl, identified for curli production, is a small transcription factor that stimulates the association of the σSfactor (RpoS) with the RNA polymerase core through direct and specific interactions, increasing the transcription rate of genes during the transition from exponential to stationary phase at low temperatures, and it uses indole as an effector molecule. The lack of a comprehensive collection of information on the Crl regulon makes it difficult to identify a dominant function of Crl and to generate any hypotheses concerning its taxonomical distribution in archaeal and bacterial organisms. In this work, based on a systematic literature review, we identified the first comprehensive dataset of 86 genes under the control of Crl in the bacteriumEscherichia coliK-12; those genes correspond to 40% of the σSregulon in this bacterium. Based on an analysis of orthologs in 18 archaeal and 69 bacterial taxonomical divisions and usingE.coliK-12 as a framework, we suggest three main events that resulted in this regulon’s actual form: (i) in a first step,rpoS, a gene widely distributed in bacteria and archaea cellular domains, was recruited to regulate genes involved in ancient metabolic processes, such as those associated with glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle; (ii) in a second step, the regulon recruited those genes involved in metabolic processes, which are mainly taxonomically constrained toProteobacteria, with some secondary losses, such as those genes involved in responses to stress or starvation and cell adhesion, among others; and (iii) in a posterior step, Crl was recruited as a consequence of its emergence inEnterobacteriaceae. Therefore, we suggest that the regulon Crl is highly flexible for phenotypic adaptation, probably as consequence of the diverse growth environments associated with all organisms in which members of this regulatory network are present.
Microbial Cells Harboring a Mitochondrial Gene Are Capable of CO2 Capture
Authors: Zhou Yanchao , Ouyang Lan , Yi Xiao , Gan Tao , Qi Jinhuan , Wan Yulin , Wang Yuchuan , An Shanshan , Shi Yunfan , Yang Wei , Chen Wenze , Luo Zhiyao , Li Jing , Luo Jun , Nuertai Xiren , Zhu Xiang , Yang Fan , Zhao Beibei , Zhang Weiwei , Ye Zi-Wei , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Weng Shaoping , Liu Qiuyun , Cao Weiguo , He Jianguo
Published: September 2018

Global warming is escalating with increased temperatures reported worldwide. Given the enormous land mass on the planet, biological capture of CO2remains a viable approach to mitigate the crisis as it is economical and easy to implement. In this study, a gene capable of CO2capture was identified via selection in minimal media. This mitochondrial gene named asOG1encodes the OK/SW-CL.16 protein and shares homology with cytochrome oxidase subunit III of various species and PII uridylyl-transferase fromLoktanella vestfoldensisSKA53. CO2capture experiments indicate that δ13C was substantially higher in the cells harboring the geneOG1than the control in the nutrition-poor media. This study suggests that CO2capture using engineered microorganisms in barren land can be exploited to address the soaring CO2level in the atmosphere, opening up vast land resources to cope with global warming.

IMPORTANCE

Global warming crisis is deteriorating with increased CO2 levels in the atmosphere each year. Action must be taken before catastrophic consequences occur in the not-so-distant future. Biological capture of CO2 is a feasible approach to alleviate the current crisis. We have identified a mitochondrial gene which demonstrated CO2 utilization capability. Data presented in this study suggest that CO2 capture using engineered microorganisms can be harnessed to address the ever-rising CO2 level in the atmosphere.
The diversity of interaction types drives the functioning of ecological communities
Authors: Miele Vincent , Guill Christian , Ramos-Jiliberto Rodrigo , Kéfi Sonia
Published: September 2018

Ecological communities are undeniably diverse, both in terms of the species that compose them as well as the type of interactions that link species to each other. Despite this long-recognition of the coexistence of multiple interaction types in nature, little is known about the consequences of this diversity for community functioning. In the ongoing context of global change and increasing species extinction rates, it seems crucial to improve our understanding of the drivers of the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem functioning.

Here, using a multispecies dynamical model of ecological communities including various interaction types (e.g. competition for space, predator interference, recruitment facilitation), we studied the role of the presence and the intensity of these interactions for species diversity, community functioning (biomass and production) and the relationship between diversity and functioning.

Taken jointly, the diverse interactions have significant effects on species diversity, whose amplitude and sign depend on the type of interactions involved and their relative abundance. They however consistently increase the slope of the relationship between diversity and functioning, suggesting that species losses might have stronger effects on community functioning than expected when ignoring the diversity of interaction types and focusing on feeding interactions only.
Transcytosis maintains CFTR apical polarity in the face of constitutive and mutation-induced basolateral missorting
Authors: Bidaud-Meynard Aurélien , Bossard Florian , Schnúr Andrea , Fukuda Ryosuke , Veit Guido , Xu Haijin , Lukacs Gergely L.
Published: September 2018

Apical polarity of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is essential for solute and water transport in secretory epithelia and can be impaired in human diseases. Maintenance of apical polarity in the face of CFTR non-polarized delivery and compromised apical retention of mutant CFTRs lacking PDZ-domain protein (NHERF1) interaction, remains enigmatic. Here we show that basolateral CFTR delivery originates from biosynthetic (~35%) and endocytic (~65%) recycling missorting. Basolateral channels are retrieved via basolateral-to-apical transcytosis, enhancing CFTR apical expression by two-fold and suppressing its degradation. CFTR transcytosis is microtubule-dependent but independent of Myo5B-, Rab11- and NHERF1 binding to its C-terminal DTRL motif in airway epithelia. Increased basolateral delivery due to compromised apical recycling and accelerated internalization upon impaired NHERF1-CFTR association is largely counterbalanced by CFTR efficient basolateral internalization and apical transcytosis. Thus, transcytosis represents a previously unrecognized but indispensable mechanism for maintaining CFTR apical polarity by attenuating its constitutive and mutation-induced basolateral missorting.
Construction of Feed Forward MultiLayer Perceptron Model For Genetic Dataset in Leishmaniasis Using Cognitive Computing
Authors: Mahalingam Sundar , Kabra Ritika , Singh Shailza
Published: September 2018

Leishmaniasis is an endemic parasitic disease, predominantly found in the poor locality of Africa, Asia and Latin America. It is associated with malnutrition, weak immune system of people and their housing locality. At present, it is diagnosed by microscopic identification, molecular and biochemical characterisation or serum analysis for parasitic compounds. In this study, we present a new approach for diagnosing Leishmaniasis using cognitive computing. The Genetic datasets of leishmaniasis are collected from Gene Expression Omnibus database and it’s then processed. The algorithm for training and developing a model, based on the data is prepared and coded using python. The algorithm and their corresponding datasets are integrated using TensorFlow dataframe. A feed forward Artificial Neural Network trained model with multi-layer perceptron is developed as a diagnosing model for Leishmaniasis, using genetic dataset. It is developed using recurrent neural network. The cognitive model of the trained network is interpreted using the maps and mathematical formula of the influencing parameters. The credit of the system is measured using the accuracy, loss and error of the system. This integrated system of the leishmaniasis genetic dataset and neural network proved to be the good choice for diagnosis with higher accuracy and lower error. Through this approach, all records of the data are effectively incorporated into the system. The experimental results of feed forward multilayer perceptron model after normalization; mean square error (219.84), loss function (1.94) and accuracy (85.71%) of the model, shows good fit of model with the process and it could possibly serve as a better solution for diagnosing Leishmaniasis in future, using genetic datasets.

The code is available in Github repository:

https://github.com/shailzasingh/Machine-Learning-code-for-analyzing-genetic-dataset-in-Leishmaniasis
Resting-state functional connectivity, cortical GABA and neuroactive steroids in peripartum and peripartum depressed women: a functional magnetic imaging and resonance study
Authors: Deligiannidis Kristina M. , Fales Christina L. , Kroll-Desrosiers Aimee R. , Shaffer Scott A. , Villamarin Vanessa , Tan Yanglan , Hall Janet E. , Frederick Blaise B. , Sikoglu Elif M. , Edden Richard A. , Rothschild Anthony J. , Moore Constance M.
Published: September 2018

Postpartum depression (PPD) is associated with abnormalities in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) but the underlying neurochemistry is unclear. We hypothesized that peripartum GABAergic neuroactive steroids (NAS) are related to cortical GABA concentrations and RSFC in PPD as compared to healthy comparison women (HCW). To test this, we measured RSFC with fMRI and GABA+/Creatine (Cr) concentrations with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in the pregenual anterior cingulate (pgACC) and occipital cortices (OCC) and quantified peripartum plasma NAS. We examined between-group differences in RSFC and the relationship between cortical GABA+/Cr concentrations with RSFC. We investigated the relationship between NAS, RSFC and cortical GABA+/Cr concentrations. Within the default mode network (DMN) an area of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) had greater connectivity with the rest of the DMN in PPD (peak voxel: MNI coordinates (2, 58, 32), p=0.002) and was correlated to depression scores (peak HAM-D17 voxel: MNI coordinates (0, 60, 34), p=0.008). pgACC GABA+/Cr correlated positively with DMPFC RSFC in a region spanning the right anterior/posterior insula and right temporal pole (r=+0.661, p=0.000). OCC GABA+/Cr correlated positively with regions spanning both amygdalae (right amygdala: r=+0.522, p=0.000; left amygdala: r=+0.651, p=0.000) as well as superior parietal areas. Plasma allopregnanolone was higher in PPD (p=0.03) and positively correlated with intra DMPFC connectivity (r=+0.548, p=0.000) but not GABA+/Cr. These results provide initial evidence that PPD is associated with altered DMN connectivity; cortical GABA+/Cr concentrations are associated with postpartum RSFC and allopregnanolone is associated with postpartum intra-DMPFC connectivity.
Interactome comparison of human embryonic stem cell lines with the inner cell mass and trophectoderm
Authors: Stevens Adam , Smith Helen , Garner Terence , Minogue Ben , Sneddon Sharon , Shaw Lisa , Keramari Maria , Oldershaw Rachel , Bates Nicola , Brison Daniel R , Kimber Susan J
Published: September 2018

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derived from the pluripotent Inner cell mass (ICM) of the blastocyst are fundamental tools for understanding human development, yet are not identical to their tissue of origin. To investigate this divergence we compared the transcriptomes of genetically paired ICM and trophectoderm (TE) samples with three hESC lines: MAN1, HUES3 and HUES7 at similar passage. We generated inferred interactome networks using transcriptomic data unique to the ICM or TE, and defined a hierarchy of modules (highly connected regions with shared function). We compared network properties and the modular hierarchy and show that the three hESCs had limited overlap with ICM specific transcriptome (6%-12%). However this overlap was enriched for network properties related to transcriptional activity in ICM (p=0.016); greatest in MAN1 compared to HUES3 (p=0.048) or HUES7 (p=0.012). The hierarchy of modules in the ICM interactome contained a greater proportion of MAN1 specific gene expression (46%) compared to HUES3 (28%) and HUES7 (25%) (p=9.0×10−4).

These findings show that traditional methods based on transcriptome overlap are not sufficient to identify divergence of hESCs from ICM. Our approach also provides a valuable approach to the quantification of differences between hESC lines.

And Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre
Aspirin treatment does not increase microhemorrhage size in young or aged mice
Authors: Chan Sandy , Brophy Morgan , Nishimura Nozomi , Schaffer Chris B.
Published: September 2018

Microhemorrhages are common in the aging brain and are thought to contribute to cognitive decline and the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Chronic aspirin therapy is widespread in older individuals and decreases the risk of coronary artery occlusions and stroke. There remains a concern that such aspirin usage may prolong bleeding after a vessel rupture in the brain, leading to larger bleeds that cause more damage to the surrounding tissue. Here, we aimed to understand the influence of aspirin usage on the size of cortical microhemorrhages and explored the impact of age. We used femtosecond laser ablation to rupture arterioles in the cortex of both young (2-5 months old) and aged (18-29 months old) mice dosed on aspirin in their drinking water and measured the extent of penetration of both red blood cells and blood plasma into the surrounding tissue. We found no difference in microhemorrhage size for both young and aged mice dosed on aspirin, as compared to controls (hematoma diameter = 104 +/- 39 (97 +/- 38) μm in controls and 109 +/- 25 (101 +/- 28) μm in aspirin-treated young (aged) mice; mean +/- SD). In contrast, young mice treated with intravenous heparin had an increased hematoma diameter of 136 +/- 44 μm. These data suggest that aspirin does not increase the size of microhemorrhages, supporting the safety of aspirin usage.
White Spot Syndrome Virus and the Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Panulirus argus: Susceptibility and Behavioral Immunity
Authors: Ross Erica P. , Behringer Donald C. , Bojko Jamie
Published: September 2018

The Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus is susceptible to infection by Panulirus argus Virus 1 (PaV1), the only virus known to naturally infect any lobster species. However, P. argus is able to mitigate PaV1 transmission risk by avoiding infected individuals. White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) has a particularly wide host range. WSSV has not been documented in wild populations of spiny lobsters, but has been experimentally transmitted to six other lobster species from the genus Panulirus spp. While WSSV has been detected intermittently in wild populations of shrimp in the Caribbean region, the risk to P. argus has not been evaluated. Potential emergence of the disease could result in fisheries losses and ecological disruption. To assess the risk to P. argus, we tested its susceptibility to WSSV via injection and waterborne transmission. We also tested whether healthy lobsters can detect and avoid conspecifics with qPCR-quantifiable WSSV infections. We found P. argus to be highly susceptible to WSSV via intramuscular injection, with mortality reaching 88% four weeks post inoculation. Panulirus argus was also susceptible to WSSV via waterborne transmission, but WSSV burden was low after four weeks via qPCR. Behavioral assays indicated that P. argus can detect and avoid conspecifics infected with WSSV and the avoidance response was strongest for the most heavily infected individuals – a response comparable to PaV1-infected conspecifics. Panulirus argus is the first spiny lobster found to be susceptible to WSSV in the Americas, but it is possible that a generalized avoidance response by healthy lobsters against infected conspecifics provides a behavioral defense and may reduce WSSV infection potential and prevalence. Such avoidance may extend to other directly transmitted pathogens in spiny lobster populations preventing them from becoming common in their population.

Author Summary

Erica P. Ross is a PhD candidate at the University of Florida, studying the disease ecology of the Caribbean spiny lobster, with a focus on chemosensory ecology. Donald C. Behringer is an associate professor at the University of Florida and his research focuses on disease ecology, epidemiology, and fishery ecology, with a focus on crustaceans and other marine invertebrates. Jamie Bojko received his PhD from the University of Leeds and is currently a post-doctorate associate at the University of Florida studying experimental and systemic crustacean pathology.
1,1′-[(2,3,5,6-Tetramethyl-1,4-phenylene)bis(methylene)]dipiperidine
Authors: Grace P. Selvarathy , Nirmalram Jeyaraman Selvaraj , Nayagam B. Ravindran Durai , Schollmeyer Dieter
Published: September 2018

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C22H36N2, comprises one half-molecule, the other half being generated by a center of inversion. The piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation, with the exocyclic N—C bond in an equatorial orientation. A short intramolecular C—H...N hydrogen bond occurs and forms an S(6) motif. No directional interactions beyond van der Waals contacts are observed between the molecules, which form a wave-like supramolecular architecture.
Enhancing earthquake resilience of communities: an action by women’s groups in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Nisha , Shrestha Surya Narayan , Parajuli Bhubaneswari , Dixit Amod Mani , Upadhyay Bijay Krishna , Khanal Om Kala , Sen Oli Khadga
Published: September 2018

Purpose

Nepal is exposed to frequent earthquakes. There is a felt need for promoting disaster risk reduction action at community level, promoting existing community cohesion for use in disaster preparedness and replication of positive experiences. Involvement of women has been identified as one of the effective ways to motivate and mobilize communities to reduce disaster risks and enhance disaster preparedness. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

Frontline program was implemented in the four communities of Chandragiri municipality during 2015 with support from GNDR. Preparing the local risk profile and the action plans to reduce those identified risk was the main approach of the Frontline program.

Findings

During the Frontline survey, the community identified earthquake as the top threat in the community and non-structural mitigation as one of the priority actions. The members of the women network started advocating for earthquake safe communities and implementing the risk reduction measures. This action has developed understanding of the process, scientifically and systematically, and boosted their confidence with important new technical skills and new leadership roles in their community to mitigate the earthquake risk.

Originality/value

This case study records the experience of the women’s group in Nepal using their NSM learning in their own houses to reduce vulnerability. They started vulnerability reduction with their own kitchens and bedrooms by fastening their cupboards, frames, freezes, gas cylinders, etc. This led to implementing the mitigation measures in their locality and outside their community. This has been a step toward achieving a safer community through safer houses and schools.
Delay factors of the schedule of strategic industrial projects
Authors: Sweis Rateb , Moarefi Alireza , Hoseini-Amiri Seyyed-Mahmoud , Moarefi Soad
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a survey undertaken to identify and rank factors that are responsible for delay in the schedule of strategic industrial projects in Iran.

Design/methodology/approach

The survey covered 40 factors identified by previous literature and modified by 20 project professionals to fit the Iranian industrial culture. These factors were grouped into six major categories. For each category, the Shannon entropy weighting technique was applied.

Findings

The analysis of the 64 returned out of 87 randomly distributed questionnaires revealed that “sanctions” from political group, “cash flow problems” from financial group, “equipment availability and failure” from technical group, “project manager competence” from managerial group, “material procurement” from procurement group and “unqualified workforce” from human resource group were ranked as the highest contributing factors.

Originality/value

The findings of this study are of practical use for project professionals and experts seeking to improve the schedule performance of industrial projects.
How E-WOM motivations vary by hotel review website
Authors: Belarmino Amanda Mapel , Koh Yoon
Published: September 2018

Purpose

Based on equity theory, this paper investigates if guests write on different review websites because of different internal motivations. Furthermore, it examines the moderating effect of service’ exceeds, neutral, negative, and service recovery–on the relationship between motivations and type of website to write reviews.

Design/methodology/approach

To exam if the star ratings of the same hotels were significantly different across hotel, online travel agency, and third-party review websites, this study collected 12,000 star ratings from 40 hotels across the US and conducted t-tests. A survey of 1,600 US travelers was administered to uncover the motivations for writing on different websites/website combinations. Four different scenarios were used to test the moderating effect of service: exceeds, neutral, negative, and service-recovery. These responses were analyzed using backwards stepwise regression.

Findings

Star ratings for the same hotel do differ among the three websites; hotel is the highest and third-party is the lowest. There are seven distinct groups of guests. Guests are motivated to write reviews to balance inequitable relationships. They decide which website/website combination best improves the equity relationship. This research indicates that guests’ choice of website is based on different internal motivations. The moderating effect of the service experience was significant.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the literature by examining different motivations to write online reviews by website. Prior research typically examined one website or aggregated results from multiple websites, ignoring website specific differences. This can help hoteliers to understand why initiatives to promote reviews on certain websites may be unsuccessful.