bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Institutional decarbonization scenarios evaluated against the Paris Agreement 1.5 °C goal
Authors: Brecha Robert J. , Ganti Gaurav , Lamboll Robin D. , Nicholls Zebedee , Hare Bill , Lewis Jared , Meinshausen Malte , Schaeffer Michiel , Smith Christopher J. , Gidden Matthew J.
Published: August 2022

Scientifically rigorous guidance to policy makers on mitigation options for meeting the Paris Agreement long-term temperature goal requires an evaluation of long-term global-warming implications of greenhouse gas emissions pathways. Here we employ a uniform and transparent methodology to evaluate Paris Agreement compatibility of influential institutional emission scenarios from the grey literature, including those from Shell, BP, and the International Energy Agency. We compare a selection of these scenarios analysed with this methodology to the Integrated Assessment Model scenarios assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. We harmonize emissions to a consistent base-year and account for all greenhouse gases and aerosol precursor emissions, ensuring a self-consistent comparison of climate variables. An evaluation of peak and end-of-century temperatures is made, with both being relevant to the Paris Agreement goal. Of the scenarios assessed, we find that only the IEA Net Zero 2050 scenario is aligned with the criteria for Paris Agreement consistency employed here. We investigate root causes for misalignment with these criteria based on the underlying energy system transformation.
Mechanochemical synthesis of inverse vulcanized polymers
Authors: Yan Peiyao , Zhao Wei , McBride Fiona , Cai Diana , Dale Joseph , Hanna Veronica , Hasell Tom
Published: August 2022

Inverse vulcanization, a sustainable platform, can transform sulfur, an industrial by-product, into polymers with broad promising applications such as heavy metal capture, electrochemistry and antimicrobials. However, the process usually requires high temperatures (≥159 °C), and the crosslinkers needed to stabilize the sulfur are therefore limited to high-boiling-point monomers only. Here, we report an alternative route for inverse vulcanization—mechanochemical synthesis, with advantages of mild conditions (room temperature), short reaction time (3 h), high atom economy, less H2S, and broader monomer range. Successful generation of polymers using crosslinkers ranging from aromatic, aliphatic to volatile, including renewable monomers, demonstrates this method is powerful and versatile. Compared with thermal synthesis, the mechanochemically synthesized products show enhanced mercury capture. The resulting polymers show thermal and light induced recycling. The speed, ease, versatility, safety, and green nature of this process offers a more potential future for inverse vulcanization, and enables further unexpected discoveries.
Copper starvation induces antimicrobial isocyanide integrated into two distinct biosynthetic pathways in fungi
Authors: Won Tae Hyung , Bok Jin Woo , Nadig Nischala , Venkatesh Nandhitha , Nickles Grant , Greco Claudio , Lim Fang Yun , González Jennifer B. , Turgeon B. Gillian , Keller Nancy P. , Schroeder Frank C.
Published: August 2022

The genomes of many filamentous fungi, such as Aspergillus spp., include diverse biosynthetic gene clusters of unknown function. We previously showed that low copper levels upregulate a gene cluster that includes crmA, encoding a putative isocyanide synthase. Here we show, using untargeted comparative metabolomics, that CrmA generates a valine-derived isocyanide that contributes to two distinct biosynthetic pathways under copper-limiting conditions. Reaction of the isocyanide with an ergot alkaloid precursor results in carbon-carbon bond formation analogous to Strecker amino-acid synthesis, producing a group of alkaloids we term fumivalines. In addition, valine isocyanide contributes to biosynthesis of a family of acylated sugar alcohols, the fumicicolins, which are related to brassicicolin A, a known isocyanide from Alternaria brassicicola. CrmA homologs are found in a wide range of pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi, some of which produce fumicicolin and fumivaline. Extracts from A. fumigatus wild type (but not crmA-deleted strains), grown under copper starvation, inhibit growth of diverse bacteria and fungi, and synthetic valine isocyanide shows antibacterial activity. CrmA thus contributes to two biosynthetic pathways downstream of trace-metal sensing.
Transcription-independent regulation of STING activation and innate immune responses by IRF8 in monocytes
Authors: Luo Wei-Wei , Tong Zhen , Cao Pan , Wang Fu-Bing , Liu Ying , Zheng Zhou-Qin , Wang Su-Yun , Li Shu , Wang Yan-Yi
Published: August 2022

Sensing of cytosolic DNA of microbial or cellular/mitochondrial origin by cGAS initiates innate immune responses via the adaptor protein STING. It remains unresolved how the activity of STING is balanced between a productive innate immune response and induction of autoimmunity. Here we show that interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is essential for efficient activation of STING-mediated innate immune responses in monocytes. This function of IRF8 is independent of its transcriptional role in monocyte differentiation. In uninfected cells, IRF8 remains inactive via sequestration of its IRF-associated domain by its N- and C-terminal tails, which reduces its association with STING. Upon triggering the DNA sensing pathway, IRF8 is phosphorylated at Serine 151 to allow its association with STING via the IRF-associated domain. This is essential for STING polymerization and TBK1-mediated STING and IRF3 phosphorylation. Consistently, IRF8-deficiency impairs host defense against the DNA virus HSV-1, and blocks DNA damage-induced cellular senescence. Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells which have an autoimmune phenotype due to deficiency of Trex1, respond to IRF-8 deletion with reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients are characterized by elevated phosphorylation of IRF8 at the same Serine residue we find to be important in STING activation, and in these cells STING is hyper-active. Taken together, the transcription-independent function of IRF8 we describe here appears to mediate STING activation and represents an important regulatory step in the cGAS/STING innate immune pathway in monocytes.
Durable radiative cooling against environmental aging
Authors: Song Jianing , Zhang Wenluan , Sun Zhengnan , Pan Mengyao , Tian Feng , Li Xiuhong , Ye Ming , Deng Xu
Published: August 2022

To fight against global warming, subambient daytime radiative cooling technology provides a promising path to meet sustainable development goals. To achieve subambient daytime radiative cooling, the reflection of most sunlight is the essential prerequisite. However, the desired high solar reflectance is easily dampened by environmental aging, mainly natural soiling and ultraviolet irradiation from sunlight causing yellowish color for most polymers, making the cooling ineffective. We demonstrate a simple strategy to use titanium dioxide nanoparticles, with ultraviolet resistance, forming hierarchical porous morphology via evaporation-driven assembly, which guarantees a balanced anti-soiling and high solar reflectance, rendering anti-aging cooling paint based coatings. We challenge the cooling coatings in an accelerated weathering test against simulated 3 years of natural soiling and simulated 1 year of natural sunshine, and find that the solar reflectance only declined by 0.4% and 0.5% compared with the un-aged ones. We further show over 6 months of aging under real-world conditions with barely no degradation to the cooling performance. Our anti-aging cooling paint is scalable and can be spray coated on desired outdoor architecture and container, presenting durable radiative cooling, promising for real-world applications.
Mannose ameliorates experimental colitis by protecting intestinal barrier integrity
Authors: Dong Lijun , Xie Jingwen , Wang Youyi , Jiang Honglian , Chen Kai , Li Dantong , Wang Jing , Liu Yunzhi , He Jia , Zhou Jia , Zhang Liyun , Lu Xiao , Zou Xiaoming , Wang Xiang-Yang , Wang Qingqing , Chen Zhengliang , Zuo Daming
Published: August 2022

Metabolite alteration has been associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including colitis. Mannose, a natural bioactive monosaccharide that is involved in metabolism and synthesis of glycoproteins, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. We show here that the circulating level of mannose is increased in patients with IBD and mice with experimental colitis. Mannose treatment attenuates intestinal barrier damage in two mouse colitis models, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and spontaneous colitis in IL-10-deficient mice. We demonstrate that mannose treatment enhanced lysosomal integrity and limited the release of cathepsin B, preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)-induced tight junction disruption in the context of intestinal epithelial damage. Mannose exerts a synergistic therapeutic effect with mesalamine on mouse colitis. Cumulatively, the results indicate that mannose supplementation may be an optional approach to the treatment of colitis and other diseases associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction.
Judo training program improves brain and muscle function and elevates the peripheral BDNF concentration among the elderly
Authors: Kujach Sylwester , Chroboczek Maciej , Jaworska Joanna , Sawicka Angelika , Smaruj Miroslaw , Winklewski Pawel , Laskowski Radoslaw
Published: August 2022

Programmed exercise interventions modulating both physical fitness and cognitive functions have become a promising tool to support healthy aging. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of a 12-week judo training (JEX) on cognitive processing and muscle function among the elderly. Forty participants were divided into two groups: the JEX group and the control group (CTL). Before and after 12-week of JEX, participants performed a battery of physiological and psychological tests. The peripheral level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was analyzed. A 12-week JEX intervention led to improved Stroop performance reflected by a shortening of the response time related to Stroop “naming” interference. In addition, the peripheral concentration of BDNF was significantly increased following the JEX compared with the CTL group. In response to JEX, balance and lower limb strength significantly increased. The current results suggest that JEX could have beneficial effects on cognitive functions, denoted by elevated peripheral BDNF, as well as on balance and strength abilities. A combination of positive effects with respect to movement and cognition makes JEX an ideal preventive lifestyle modification for the aging population.
Development of spiro-3-indolin-2-one containing compounds of antiproliferative and anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties
Authors: Fawazy Nehmedo G. , Panda Siva S. , Mostafa Ahmed , Kariuki Benson M. , Bekheit Mohamed S. , Moatasim Yassmin , Kutkat Omnia , Fayad Walid , El-Manawaty May A. , Soliman Ahmed A. F. , El-Shiekh Riham A. , Srour Aladdin M. , Barghash Reham F. , Girgis Adel S.
Published: August 2022

A series of 1″-(alkylsulfonyl)-dispiro[indoline-3,2′-pyrrolidine-3′,3″-piperidine]-2,4″-diones 6a‒o has been synthesized through regioselective multi-component azomethine dipolar cycloaddition reaction of 1-(alkylsulfonyl)-3,5-bis(ylidene)-piperidin-4-ones 3a‒h. X-ray diffraction studies (6b‒d,h) confirmed the structures. The majority of the synthesized analogs reveal promising antiproliferation properties against a variety of human cancer cell lines (MCF7, HCT116, A431 and PaCa2) with good selectivity index towards normal cell (RPE1). Some of the synthesized agents exhibit potent inhibitory properties against the tested cell lines with higher efficacies than the standard references (sunitinib and 5-fluorouracil). Compound 6m is the most potent. Multi-targeted inhibitory properties against EGFR and VEGFR-2 have been observed for the synthesized agents. Flow cytometry supports the antiproliferation properties and shows the tested agents as apoptosis and necrosis forming. Vero cell viral infection model demonstrates the anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties of the synthesized agents. Compound 6f is the most promising (about 3.3 and 4.8 times the potency of the standard references, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine). QSAR models explain and support the observed biological properties.
Inflammatory landscape in Xeroderma pigmentosum patients with cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Chikhaoui Asma , Jones Meriem , Režen Tadeja , Ben Ahmed Melika , Naouali Chokri , Komel Radovan , Zghal Mohamed , Boubaker Samir , Abdelhak Sonia , Yacoub-Youssef Houda
Published: August 2022

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a DNA repair disease that predisposes to early skin cancers as cutaneous melanoma. Melanoma microenvironment contains inflammatory mediators, which would be interesting biomarkers for the prognosis or for the identification of novel therapeutic targets. We used a PCR array to evaluate the transcriptional pattern of 84 inflammatory genes in melanoma tumors obtained from XP patients (XP-Mel) and in sporadic melanoma (SP-Mel) compared to healthy skin. Commonly expressed inflammatory genes were further explored via GTEx and GEPIA databases. The differentially expressed inflammatory genes in XP were compared to their expression in skin exposed to UVs, and evaluated on the basis of the overall survival outcomes of patients with melanoma. Monocyte subsets of patients with SP-Mel, XP and healthy donors were also assessed. PCR array data revealed that 34 inflammatory genes were under-expressed in XP-Mel compared to SP-Mel. Differentially expressed genes that were common in XP-Mel and SP-Mel were correlated with the transcriptomic datasets from GEPIA and GTEx and highlighted the implication of KLK1 and IL8 in the tumorigenesis. We showed also that in XP-Mel tumors, there was an overexpression of KLK6 and KLK10 genes, which seems to be associated with a bad survival rate. As for the innate immunity, we observed a decrease of intermediate monocytes in patients with SP-Mel and in XP. We highlight an alteration in the immune response in XP patients. We identified candidate biomarkers involved in the tumorigenesis, and in the survival of patients with melanoma. Intermediate monocyte’s in patients at risk could be a prognostic biomarker for melanoma outcome.
An automated 3D-printed perfusion bioreactor combinable with pulsed electromagnetic field stimulators for bone tissue investigations
Authors: Gabetti Stefano , Masante Beatrice , Cochis Andrea , Putame Giovanni , Sanginario Alessandro , Armando Ileana , Fiume Elisa , Scalia Alessandro Calogero , Daou Farah , Baino Francesco , Salati Simona , Morbiducci Umberto , Rimondini Lia , Bignardi Cristina , Massai Diana
Published: August 2022

In bone tissue engineering research, bioreactors designed for replicating the main features of the complex native environment represent powerful investigation tools. Moreover, when equipped with automation, their use allows reducing user intervention and dependence, increasing reproducibility and the overall quality of the culture process. In this study, an automated uni-/bi-directional perfusion bioreactor combinable with pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation for culturing 3D bone tissue models is proposed. A user-friendly control unit automates the perfusion, minimizing the user dependency. Computational fluid dynamics simulations supported the culture chamber design and allowed the estimation of the shear stress values within the construct. Electromagnetic field simulations demonstrated that, in case of combination with a PEMF stimulator, the construct can be exposed to uniform magnetic fields. Preliminary biological tests on 3D bone tissue models showed that perfusion promotes the release of the early differentiation marker alkaline phosphatase. The histological analysis confirmed that perfusion favors cells to deposit more extracellular matrix (ECM) with respect to the static culture and revealed that bi-directional perfusion better promotes ECM deposition across the construct with respect to uni-directional perfusion. Lastly, the Real-time PCR results of 3D bone tissue models cultured under bi-directional perfusion without and with PEMF stimulation revealed that the only perfusion induced a ~ 40-fold up-regulation of the expression of the osteogenic gene collagen type I with respect to the static control, while a ~ 80-fold up-regulation was measured when perfusion was combined with PEMF stimulation, indicating a positive synergic pro-osteogenic effect of combined physical stimulations.
Liquid–liquid equilibrium measurements and computational study of salt–polymer aqueous two phase system for extraction of analgesic drugs
Authors: Ghaffari Fariba , Khorsandi Mohammad , Shekaari Hemayat , Zafarani-Moattar Mohammed Taghi
Published: August 2022

In recent decades, aqueous two phase systems have gained a lot of attention for extraction of different materials. In this work, an aqueous two phase system was made by polyethylene glycol 600 and potassium hydroxide and phase diagram were determined for this system. The experimental binodal data were described using two empirical nonlinear three parameter expressions developed by Merchuk and Zafarani-Moattar. The consistency of the experimental tie-line data was determined by utilizing the Othmer-Tobias, Bancraft, and Setschenow correlations. Also, the extraction of two analgesic drugs, namely ibuprofen and acetaminophen were investigated by the mentioned ATPS. For this purpose, partition coefficients and extraction efficiencies of each drug were calculated. The trend of extraction efficiencies indicated that the responsibility of extraction of the mentioned drugs into the polymer-rich top phase is related to their hydrophobicity. The Diamond-Hsu equation and its modified version were used to correlate the drugs experimental partition coefficients. Furthermore, the interaction of mentioned drugs with polyethylene glycol was investigated employing quantum computing techniques based upon density functional theory (DFT). These results were in good agreement with the trend of extraction efficiencies of studied drugs.
A tracer-type fluorescent probe for imaging adenosine triphosphate under the stresses of hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen peroxide in living cells
Authors: Yao Leilei , Zhang Weijie , Yin Caixia , Zhang Yongbin , Huo Fangjun
Published: August 2022

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a direct energy source in cells and the core of the biochemical system, and is closely related to various metabolic activities in living organisms.
Development of a low-cost semi-automated robotic orthophosphate system for batch analysis
Authors: Eleney Christopher Mc , Bradley Martin , Alves Sheila , Crudden Denis Mc
Published: August 2022

Schematic representation of the portable low-cost semi-automated robotic orthophosphate system (saROS).
Chiral gold(iii) complexes: speciation, in vitro, and in vivo anticancer profile
Authors: Arojojoye Adedamola S. , Kim Jong H. , Olelewe Chibuzor , Parkin Sean , Awuah Samuel G.
Published: August 2022

Emerging synthetic development of chiral gold(iii) complexes has prompted new opportunities in catalysis and material science with limited utility in biomedicine.
Electrical bistability based on metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Lin Si , Chen Shimin , Ju Yan , Xiang Fahui , Wei Wuji , Wang Xue , Xiang Shengchang , Zhang Zhangjing
Published: August 2022

In this feature article, we focus on recent progress on MOF-based memristors and their switching mechanisms. In addition, challenges as well as future perspectives are discussed.
A critical review of the nano-structured electrodes of solid oxide cells
Authors: He Shuai , Zou Yuanfeng , Chen Kongfa , Li Na , Li Dong , Jiang San Ping
Published: August 2022

Solid oxide cell (SOC) is one of the most important candidates for efficient storage and conversion of renewable energies from solar and wind power and the performance and stability of SOC is critically dependent on the synthesis methods and characteristics of nano-scaled electrodes.
Synergistic effect of2[V2P2O14]∞layers and hydrogen bonds inducing large birefringence in M(VO)2(PO4)2·4H2O (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) systems
Authors: Wang Xinmei , Qi Lu , Wu Lei , Zhang Ruixin , Abudoureheman Maierhaba , Lv Jiarong , Wang Peng , Dong Xiaoyu , Jing Qun , Chen Zhaohui
Published: August 2022

The parallel alignment of zigzag2[V2P2O14]∞layers and the binding force of hydrogen bonds result in the large birefringence of M(VO)2(PO4)2·4H2O (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) compounds.
Tunable Schottky and ohmic contacts in the Ti2NF2/α-Te van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Jiang Jingwen , Xu Yiguo , Zhang Xiuwen
Published: August 2022

By efficiently tuning the Schottky barrier of the heterostructure between monolayer α-Te and functionalized MXene Ti2NF2, all the n-type Schottky, p-type Schottky, n-type ohmic and p-type ohmic contacts are achieved for the application in α-Te-based electronic devices.
Conformational fluctuations in the molten globule state of α-lactalbumin
Authors: Moulick Abhik Ghosh , Chakrabarti J.
Published: August 2022

1. α-lactalbumin (aLA) at low pH forms molten globule (MG) state. 2. Residues in Ca2+ binding loop of aLA show maximum conformational fluctuations in MG state.
Evaluating the impact of Hartree–Fock exact exchange on the performance of global hybrid functionals for the vertical excited-state energies of fused-ring electron acceptors using TD-DFT
Authors: Ali Amjad , Farid Tanveer , Rafiq Muhammad Imran , Zhou Baojing , Tang Weihua
Published: August 2022

Time-dependent density functional theory was employed to evaluate the effect of Hartree–Fock exact exchange on the performance of 15 global hybrids for computing the maximum absorption wavelengths and the vertical excitation energies of 34 FREAs.
A study of the interaction between TMAO and urea in water using NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Nasralla Mazin , Laurent Harrison , Baker Daniel L. , Ries Michael E. , Dougan Lorna
Published: August 2022

Sharks and some marine organisms use trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) to counteract protein denaturation by urea. Using NMR spectroscopy, we discuss how TMAO, and urea impact hydrogen bonding in water, and how they might complex in solution.
Prediction of a new two-dimensional valleytronic semiconductor MoGe2P4 with large valley spin splitting
Authors: Li Ying , Xu Xinyu , Lan Mengxian , Wang Suen , Huang Tian , Wu Hong , Li Feng , Pu Yong
Published: August 2022

2D MoGe2P4 is predicted to be a direct bandgap semiconductor which has large valley spin splitting. Biaxial strain can regulate the transition of 2D MoGe2P4 from a semiconductor to a metal. 2D MoGe2P4 has excellent absorption in ultraviolet and visible light regions.
Water enables the tunable electrochemical synthesis of heterocyclic 3a- or 5a-bromoindolines
Authors: Wu Ying-Ai , Wang Rui-An , Jiang Shu-Yun , Jiang Tai-Bai , Song Jun-Rong , Shi Jun , Wu Wei , Pan Wei-Dong , Ren Hai
Published: August 2022

A water-mediated tunable electrosynthetic strategy for the assembly of heterocyclic 3a- and 5a-bromoindolines.
Size-selective filtration of extracellular vesicles with a movable-layer device
Authors: Seder Islam , Moon Hyomin , Kang Su Jin , Shin Sehyun , Rhee Won Jong , Kim Sung-Jin
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a microfluidic device that can isolate extracellular vesicles (EVs) with multiple size intervals in a simple, effective, and automated manner.
Correction: Thermally driven phase transition of cobalt hydroxide sheets via cobalt oxides to cobalt nanoparticles
Authors: Yoon Aram , Kim Gyutae , Lee Minjeong , Lee Zonghoon , Ryu Gyeong Hee
Published: August 2022

Correction for ‘Thermally driven phase transition of cobalt hydroxide sheets via cobalt oxides to cobalt nanoparticles’ by Aram Yoon et al., Nanoscale Horiz., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2nh00218c.
Exploring artificial metalloglycosidases as selective catalysts for the recognition and degradation of the sLex tetrasaccharide
Authors: Thompson Zechariah , Steed Alexander J. , Millot Jack , Chen Yinghua , Cowan J. A.
Published: August 2022

Copper-bound fucose-binding peptide removes cellular sLex antigen that has been linked to cell adhesion and cancer metastasis. Catalytic and mass spectrometry assays further demonstrate degradation of native sLex tetrasaccharide in solution.
Theoretical prediction of alkali oxide M2O (M = Na and K) monolayers and formation of their Janus structure
Authors: Lien Vu Thi Kim , Van On Vo , Guerrero-Sanchez J. , Rivas-Silva J. F. , Cocoletzi Gregorio H. , Hoat D. M.
Published: August 2022

Formation of the Janus structure.
The mechanism of alkali promoting water splitting on g-C3N4
Authors: Zhang Dapeng , Li Baofeng , Mao Xinlong , Fan Zitong , Yang Zhe , Wei Min , Zhang Ailing , Feng Jin , Bi Siwei
Published: August 2022

Alkali promotes H+ to obtain electrons and turn into H2.
Revealing Eu3+-doped yttrium pyrogermanate as a soft UV excitable phosphor: retaining the pros of the commercial phosphor and compensating for the cons
Authors: Tyagi Adish , Nigam Sandeep , Vats B. G. , Sudarsan V. , Majumder C. , Kaiwart R. , Poswal H. K. , Jagannath  , Tyagi A. K.
Published: August 2022

This article presents the synthesis of a single-phase red emitting Y2Ge2O7:Eu3+ soft-UV excitable phosphor with up to 10% Eu3+ content. Experimental and theoretical exploration has established its relative potential with respect to the commercial Y2O3:Eu3+ phosphor.
A review on chiral metal–organic frameworks: synthesis and asymmetric applications
Authors: Ma Mingxuan , Chen Jiahuan , Liu Hongyu , Huang Zhonghua , Huang Fuhong , Li Quanliang , Xu Yuan
Published: August 2022

This review article summarizes the strategies for constructing chiral metal–organic frameworks and the recent applications in asymmetric chemistry, circularly polarized luminescence, chiral ferroelectrics, chiral recognition and enantioseparation.
Acid-regulated boron–nitrogen codoped multicolor carbonized polymer dots and applications for pH sensing and trace water detection
Authors: Lv Ge , Wang Ziwei , Li Wenjing , Zhu Guannan , Liu Beibei , Song Bin , Wu Min , Gong Xiao
Published: August 2022

Acid is used to regulate the fluorescence (from green to orange) of boron–nitrogen codoped carbonized polymer dots via a solvothermal reaction, which can be used for pH sensing and trace water detection.
Multicomponent chiral hydrogel fibers with block configurations based on the chiral liquid crystals of cellulose nanocrystals and M13 bacteriophages
Authors: Wang Yuhan , Zheng Xiaonan , Zhong Weiting , Ye Zihan , Wang Xinzhi , Dong Ziyue , Zhang Zhenkun
Published: August 2022

Integrating the advantages unique to CNCs and the M13 virus into blockwise chiral hydrogel fibers, which have block dependent chiral fingerprints, birefringence, (de)swelling behaviors, mechanical strength and stretchability.
Hearing Aids Mitigate Tinnitus, But Does It Matter if the Patient Receives Amplification in Accordance With Their Hearing Impairment or Not? A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Waechter Sebastian , Jönsson Anders
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of the present meta-analysis is to explore the potential effects of objective verification of hearing aid amplification on tinnitus-related outcomes.

Method:

Twenty-seven studies reporting tinnitus outcomes pre and post hearing aid fitting were identified through a systematic literature search. From these studies, data from 1,400 participants were included in the present meta-analysis. Studies were divided into subgroups based on whether they had reported performing objective verification of the participants' hearing aid amplification or not. Outcome measures were tinnitus distress and tinnitus loudness.

Results:

Meta-analyses of all included studies indicated verified amplification to result in significantly enhanced reduction of tinnitus loudness (
p
< .00001), while the enhanced reduction of tinnitus distress only approached statistical significance (
p
= .07). However, when excluding an outlier from the subgroup of studies using unverified amplification, individuals receiving verified amplification showed significantly greater reduction of tinnitus distress (
p
= .02). In addition, analyses of longitudinal effects revealed that the reductions of tinnitus distress decreased over time among individuals receiving unverified amplification but increased over time among individuals receiving verified amplification.

Conclusions:

The present meta-analysis indicates verified hearing aid amplification to be superior to unverified amplification in terms of reduction of tinnitus loudness and distress. The longitudinal increase of mitigation of tinnitus distress with verified amplification only may reflect improved neural reorganization and/or better adherence to hearing aid use, with verified compared to unverified amplification. Due to the low cost of hearing aid verification compared to the high societal cost of tinnitus, objective verification of hearing aid amplification for tinnitus patients is recommended.
Internet of Things‐based healthcare system on patient demographic data in Health 4.0
Authors: Abdullayeva Fargana J.
Published: August 2022

Recently, the spread of COVID‐19 virus infection and the increase of people number with chronic diseases have attracted great attention all over the world. The detection and control of such diseases based on patient demographic data are considered to be a major problem. The key issue in the solution to these problems is the development of methods and algorithms to forecast wellness and categorise patients according to their healthy and unhealthy states. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of machine learning approaches in the field of diagnosing COVID‐19 has been conducted, and for the detection of chronic diseases in patients, to identify symptoms of COVID‐19 virus infection in advance, and control the situation a healthcare system has been proposed. The constructed system provides real‐time monitoring of chronic diseases and COVID‐19 virus infection in patients. The proposed system consists of five layers: IoT sensor layer, Data transmission layer, Fog layer, Cloud layer, the Application layer. The system architecture in the Fog layer uses machine learning and deep learning algorithms to diagnose patients' diseases, to generate and send diagnostic and emergency alerts to users. The classification module of the system's Fog layer categorises the patient's health status into healthy and unhealthy classes. In this module, to classify medical data the Decision Tree, Random Forest, SVM, Gradient Boosting, Logistic Regression algorithms are used. The COVID‐19 dataset is used to test the effectiveness of the methods. The best results from the comparative analysis of the methods are obtained from the Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting algorithms, which are recognised data points with high accuracy and on the accuracy metric reached 1.0, 0.99, 1.0 values, respectively. The classification of the other two SVM and Logistic Regression algorithms provided the worst results, and the accuracy score of both classifiers obtained a 0.89 value.
A novel output power determination and power distribution of hybrid energy storage system for wind turbine power smoothing
Authors: Eydi Mohammad , Alishahi Mohammad , Zarif Mahdi
Published: August 2022

This paper deals with the power smoothing of the wind power plants connected to a microgrid using a hybrid energy storage system (HESS). In a HESS, the power should be distributed between the battery and capacitor such that the capacitor supplies the peaks of power and its high‐frequency fluctuations, and the battery compensates for the rest. Besides, due to the relatively low lifetime of the batteries compared to the capacitors, it is preferred to transfer power fluctuations to the capacitor as much as possible. In this paper, methods for calculating the output, battery, and capacitor powers are presented. The output power is determined based on the grid restrictions and the battery SOC. The battery and capacitor powers are decided via an adaptive low‐pass filter. The cut‐off frequency of the low‐pass filter is specified by a fuzzy controller such that not only the power spikes and high‐frequency fluctuations are transferred to the capacitor but also the battery SOC variations are reduced. The simulation results show that for the presented wind speed profile, the output power determination reduces 13.7% of the HESS exchanged energy compared to the ramp limiting method. Besides, the proposed power distribution method reduces 92.6% of the unbeneficial charges and discharges of HESS and 8% of the battery exchanged energy compared to the condition that the constant cut‐off frequency filter is utilised. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed output power determination and HESS power distribution methods. Analysing the methods’ cost proves that although the utilisation of the capacitor bank increases the system initial investment cost, it will return after a while relying on the units’ capacity, power fluctuations, control method etc.
An improved spatial upscaling method for producing day‐ahead power forecasts for wind farm clusters
Authors: Yang Mao , Yan Qi , Dai Bozhi , Chen Xinxin , Ma Miaomiao , Su Xin
Published: August 2022

Large‐scale day‐ahead wind power forecasting (WPF) for wind farm clusters (WFCs) can enable dispatching agencies to formulate scientifically sound power generation plans and enhance the robustness of power grids. Most available WPF methods for WFCs only involve mathematical models and rarely consider spatial correlation factors. This necessitates further improvements to forecasting systems. In this study, to increase the day‐ahead WPF accuracy for WFCs, fractal transform theory is introduced to optimize the process of WPF for WFCs through spatial upscaling and establish a day‐ahead WPF model for WFCs based on an improved spatial upscaling method. First, a WFC is partitioned into subclusters. Then, using fractal transform theory, an affine relation is established between the local output of each subcluster and the overall output of the WFC. Finally, a day‐ahead power forecast is produced for the WFC through spatial upscaling of the forecast for the subcluster with the highest grey relational grade with the output of the WFC. The applicability of the proposed forecasting model is examined using historical measured data for a large WFC in north‐eastern China. The case study results show that the proposed forecasting model outperforms the summation method and the statistical upscaling method in terms of forecasting accuracy.
Deep side group sparse coding network for image denoising
Authors: Yin Haitao , Wang Tianyou
Published: August 2022

Recently, deep learning has made significant progress in image denoising. However, most of existing deep learning based methods are purely data‐driven, without considering the knowledge of image denoising. Moreover, the parameters of deep denoising network are not explainable. According to these issues, this paper proposes a deep side group sparse coding network for image denoising, named a side group sparse coding (SGSC)‐Net. First, SGSC model for image denoising by exploiting prior information regarding the group sparse coefficients consistency is developed. Specifically, the side information is constructed as the weighted combination of intermediate estimations, and updated iteratively. Then, the optimisation solution of SGSC model is turned into a deep neural network using deep unfolding, that is, SGSC‐Net. The computational path of SGSC‐Net fully follows the iterations of optimisation solution, and consequently the network parameters are interpretable. Furthermore, the design of SGSC‐Net employs the insight of SGSC denoising model. The experimental results on well‐known datasets quantitatively and qualitatively demonstrate that SGSC‐Net is competitive to existing deep unfolding‐based and typical deep neural network‐based methods.
Multiple‐model Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density filter based on jump Markov system with state‐dependent probabilities
Authors: Sun Yi‐Chieh , Kim Dohyeung , Hwang Inseok
Published: August 2022

The Gaussian mixture probability density (GM‐PHD) filter has become a popular approach to solve the multiple‐target tracking (MTT) problem because it can effectively and efficiently estimate the number of targets and target states that change over time from noisy measurements. In the GM‐PHD filter, the target detection and survival probabilities, and the birth rate are assumed to be constant, irrespective of the target state. However, in some applications, for example, when the target follows the planned trajectory, the detection, survival and birth of the target depend on its state. Besides, when the target reaches a waypoint along the planned trajectory, it will take a manoeuvre to go to the next waypoint, but the GM‐PHD filter does not accommodate manoeuvring targets that switch between several motion models. To address this, we propose a multiple‐model GM‐PHD filter with state‐dependent probabilities, which can explicitly consider the mode transition probabilities, the probabilities of detection and survival, and the birth rate as a function of the target state. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by illustrative MTT scenarios which include target manoeuvres during occlusion.
Anti‐cracking performance test of thick steel structure fireproof coating under vibration fatigue load for critical health infrastructure
Authors: Zhang Jie , Liu Tingting , Hu Xinmin , Raffik Rasheed , Bhatt Mohammed Wasim , Ofori Isaac
Published: August 2022

The infrastructure of health and biomedical facilities caters to a variety of purposes that frequently vary over time, flexibility and adaptability are crucial traits for future re‐configuration. This paper chooses the relevant cement‐based solid metal structures fire‐retardant coatings available on the market as the test object and performs high‐cycle fatigue stress experiments on steel structural elements painted with cement‐based thick steel structure fire‐retardant varnishes. It simulates the deformation of the steel structure under the daily variable load of high‐rise steel structure buildings, investigates the cracking and adhesion properties of the fireproof coating on the surface of the steel component under the repeated action of this load, and evaluates the service life of the fireproof coating for the steel structure under normal use conditions. When the best dosage of modified epoxy resin E51 is 10%, the best ratio of emulsifier is m(SDS): m(OP‐10 = 2:1, the best dosage is 1.25% of the monomer quality, and the best dosage of G04 is 3% of the monomer mass, and the particle size distribution of the latex particles is concentrated. The average particle size of the emulsion is 138.3 nm, and the hardness and water resistance of the paint film are the best.
Prediction of battery charging process based on aggregation neural network
Authors: Sun Shuo , Sun Jun‐zhong , Yang Zhan‐lu , Zhou Zhi‐yong , Ding Yi‐yang
Published: August 2022

An online sequence extreme learning machine neural network prediction model based on sample aggregation method (AOSELM) is proposed, which is used to solve the prediction of the charging process of lead‐acid batteries. The model is based on the online sequence extreme learning machine (OSELM) neural network and finds the similar samples of the test samples based on the mean influence value (MIV) algorithm. Similar samples are used for temporary incremental learning of the neural network, then the updated neural network makes predictions on the test samples. Taking the terminal voltage prediction of the battery charging process as an example, the BP neural network, the OSELM neural network and the AOSELM neural network are used to compare the predictions, and the charging process of the battery is predicted based on the AOSELM neural network. The comparison results show that the AOSELM neural network has higher prediction accuracy and adaptive ability than the BP neural network, and reduces the maximum absolute percentage error and the maximum absolute error of the prediction result when compared with the OSELM neural network. The prediction shows that the charging process of lead‐acid batteries can be accurately predicted by the AOSELM neural network.
New solid state laser system for SPES: Selective Production of Exotic Species project at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
Authors: Scarpa D. , Mariotti E. , Khwairakpam O. S. , Parenti V. , Buono A. , Nicolosi P. , Calderolla M. , Khanbekyan A. , Ballan M. , Centofante L. , Corradetti S. , Lilli G. , Manzolaro M. , Monetti A. , Morselli L. , Andrighetto A.
Published: August 2022

The Selective Production of Exotic Species project is under construction at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro-INFN. The aim of the collaboration is to produce highly pure Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs) from fission fragments of a uranium carbide (UCx) target activated by a cyclotron proton beam. In order to select a specific atomic species, the main tool to be applied is the resonant laser ionization technique. We have just completed the installation of a dedicated all solid state laser system whose elements are tunable to transitions of all the elements/isotopes of interest for the project. The new laser system is based on three Titanium:sapphire laser sources, independently pumped by three Nd:YLF pump lasers, and it can be coupled to two high harmonic generation (second harmonic generation, third harmonic generation, and fourth harmonic generation) setups. The power, wavelength, and position of the laser beams are continuously monitored and stabilized by using automated active systems to improve the beam production stability of RIBs. This paper presents the main features of the laser system and examples of application of a laser ion source, including a first demonstration of photoionization of stable silver, one of the most requested elements for RIB application.
The generation of diverse traveling pulses and its solution scheme in an excitable slow-fast dynamics
Authors: Mondal Arnab , Mondal Argha , Aziz-Alaoui M. A. , Upadhyay Ranjit Kumar , Sharma Sanjeev Kumar , Antonopoulos Chris G.
Published: August 2022

In this article, we report on the generation and propagation of traveling pulses in a homogeneous network of diffusively coupled, excitable, slow-fast dynamical neurons. The spatially extended system is modeled using the nearest neighbor coupling theory, in which the diffusion part measures the spatial distribution of coupling topology. We derive analytically the conditions for traveling wave profiles that allow the construction of the shape of traveling nerve impulses. The analytical and numerical results are used to explore the nature of propagating pulses. The symmetric or asymmetric nature of traveling pulses is characterized, and the wave velocity is derived as a function of system parameters. Moreover, we present our results for an extended excitable medium by considering a slow-fast biophysical model with a homogeneous, diffusive coupling that can exhibit various traveling pulses. The appearance of series of pulses is an interesting phenomenon from biophysical and dynamical perspective. Varying the perturbation and coupling parameters, we observe the propagation of activities with various amplitude modulations and transition phases of different wave profiles that affect the speed of pulses in certain parameter regimes. We observe different types of traveling pulses, such as envelope solitons and multi-bump solutions, and show how system parameters and coupling play a major role in the formation of different traveling pulses. Finally, we obtain the conditions for stable and unstable plane waves.
Stability threshold for 2D shear flows of the Boussinesq system near Couette
Authors: Bian Dongfen , Pu Xueke
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we consider the nonlinear stability for the shear flows of the Boussinesq system in a domain T×R. We prove the nonlinear stability of the shear flow (US,ΘS)=((eνt∂yyU(y),0)⊤,αy) with U(y) close to y and α ≥ 0 in Sobolev spaces for the following two cases: (i) α ≥ 0 is small scaling with the viscosity coefficients and initial perturbation ≲min{ν,μ}1/2 and (ii) α > 0 is not small, the heat diffusion coefficient μ is fixed, and initial perturbation ≲ν1/2.
Manipulated magnetic coercivity and spin reorientation transition in NiCo2O4 films
Authors: Wang Wenli , Du Qin , Wang Bo , Li Yaojin , Hu Zhongqiang , Wang Yu , Wang Zhiguang , Liu Ming
Published: August 2022

Half-metallic NiCo2O4 with high spin polarizability has great potential applications in spintronics. The manipulation of magnetic anisotropy is crucial for spintronics based on spin-transfer or spin–orbit torques, as it is directly related to the critical switching current density. Here, we report epitaxial growth of metallic NiCo2O4 film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy on MgAl2O4 single crystal substrates. The modulation of the magnetic anisotropy was achieved by changing the growth conditions (deposition temperature and thickness) of NiCo2O4 films and by means of protonation. Strong dependence of magnetic coercivity on deposition temperature (350–500 °C) has been observed due to variable phase configuration. Furthermore, the magnetic coercive field can also be effectively controlled by the film thickness (3–78 nm) through strain relaxation. More importantly, spin reorientation transition has been achieved by proton and electron doping in the NiCo2O4 films, resulting in reconfigured valence states of Ni and Co cations and a magnetic easy axis rotation from out-of-plane to in-plane. The effective modulation of the magnetic anisotropy provides important insights into the functional design of NiCo2O4-based spintronics with ultralow energy dissipation.
Time-resolved measurements in pulsed magnetic fields
Authors: Kohama Yoshimitsu , Nomura Toshihiro , Zherlitsyn Sergei , Ihara Yoshihiko
Published: August 2022

Tracking the time-dependence of a state and its observable, i.e., time-resolved measurement, is one of the ways of understanding physical principles of the system. In this Perspective, we review some of the time-resolved measurements performed in pulsed high magnetic fields, where the duration of the pulsed field restricts the available measurement timescale from a few to several hundred milliseconds. We present some successful examples with a focus on the recent technical breakthroughs both in the measurement and magnetic-field generation techniques. These experimental techniques can be used in other experimental conditions in order to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and the repetition rate of time-resolved measurements. Taking the impacts of these applications on current condensed matter research into consideration, we also discuss the future direction of the time-resolved measurement in pulsed magnetic fields.