bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroimaging of the Syllable Repetition Task in Children With Residual Speech Sound Disorder
Authors: Spencer Caroline , Vannest Jennifer , Maas Edwin , Preston Jonathan L. , Redle Erin , Maloney Thomas , Boyce Suzanne
Published: March 2021

Purpose

This study investigated phonological and speech motor neural networks in children with residual speech sound disorder (RSSD) during an overt Syllable Repetition Task (SRT).

Method

Sixteen children with RSSD with /ɹ/ errors (6F [female]; ages 8;0–12;6 [years;months]) and 16 children with typically developing speech (TD; 8F; ages 8;5–13;7) completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment. Children performed the SRT (“SRT-Early Sounds”) with the phonemes /b, d, m, n, ɑ/ and an adapted version (“SRT-Late Sounds”) with the phonemes /ɹ, s, l, tʃ, ɑ/. We compared the functional activation and transcribed production accuracy of the RSSD and TD groups during both conditions. Expected errors were not scored as inaccurate.

Results

No between-group or within-group differences in repetition accuracy were found on the SRT-Early Sounds or SRT-Late Sounds tasks at any syllable sequence length. On a first-level analysis of the tasks, the TD group showed expected patterns of activation for both the SRT-Early Sounds and SRT-Late Sounds, including activation in the left primary motor cortex, left premotor cortex, bilateral anterior cingulate, bilateral primary auditory cortex, bilateral superior temporal gyrus, and bilateral insula. The RSSD group showed similar activation when correcting for multiple comparisons. In further exploratory analyses, we observed the following subthreshold patterns: (a) On the SRT-Early Sounds, greater activation was found in the left premotor cortex for the RSSD group, while greater activation was found in the left cerebellum for the TD group; (b) on the SRT-Late Sounds, a small area of greater activation was found in the right cerebellum for the RSSD group. No within-group functional differences were observed (SRT-Early Sounds vs. SRT-Late Sounds) for either group.

Conclusions

Performance was similar between groups, and likewise, we found that functional activation did not differ. Observed functional differences in previous studies may reflect differences in task performance, rather than fundamental differences in neural mechanisms for syllable repetition.
Adaptive fuzzy fault‐tolerant control of seat active suspension systems with actuator fault
Authors: Zhang Xing , Liu Lei , Liu Yan‐Jun
Published: March 2021

This paper proposes an adaptive fuzzy fault‐tolerant control method about seat active suspension systems. The significant indexes of seat active suspension system are ride comfort and safety. Considering the actuator failure of seat active suspension system, the problems of passengers' ride comfort and safety are better solved. Two adaptive laws are designed to solve the two unknown coefficients in the actuator fault of the seat active suspension system. The fuzzy logic systems are applied to approximate the unknown terms in the system, and an adaptive fuzzy fault‐tolerant controller is designed by using the backstepping method. In the closed‐loop systems, all signals are bounded which is proved through Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, two different road surface disturbances are considered in the simulation, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method.
An investigation on discharge fault in buffer layer of 220 kV XLPE AC cable
Authors: Du Boxue , Du Xiaoyu , Kong Xiaoxiao , Li Jin , Li Zhijian , Li Xu
Published: March 2021

Discharge failure mechanism of the cable buffer layer is investigated in this paper by the analysis of causes and characteristics of partial discharge (PD) behaviours in the case of failure. The obtained results show that both the volume resistivity and the surface resistance of the buffer layer increase as the relative humidity is elevated. It is found that the electric field distribution inside the buffer layer is distorted when there is poor contact condition and aggravated with the increase of the volume resistivity by the finite element analysis. PD behaviours analysis shows that the PD intensity is closely related to the contact state of the buffer layer, and hence the latter can be reflected by statistical parameters like the maximum pulse amplitude and the average equivalent frequency. The conclusions indicate that the electric field distortion is caused by the variation of the contact state of the buffer layer and the deterioration, which is responsible for the occurrence of PD. Therefore, the PD detection for the suspected faulty cables provides an effective method for the state evaluation of the buffer layer.
A note on the warehouse location problem with data contamination
Authors: Gao Xuehong , Cui Can
Published: March 2021

To determine the optimal warehouse location, it is usually assumed that the collected data are uncontaminated. However, this assumption can be easily violated due to the uncertain environment and human error in disaster response, which results in the biased estimation of the optimal warehouse location. In this study, we investigate this possibility by examining these estimation effects on the warehouse location determination. Considering different distances, we propose the corresponding estimation methods for remedying the difficulties associated with data contamination to determine the warehouse location. Although data can be contaminated in the event of a disaster, the findings of the study is much broader and applicable to any situation where the outliers exist. Through the simulations and illustrative examples, we show that solving the problem with center of gravity lead to biased solutions even if only one outlier exists in the data. Compared with the center of gravity, the proposed methods are quite efficient and outperform the existing methods when the data contamination is involved.
Deutsche Adipositas-Gesellschaft: „Quantensprung!“
Authors: Gerlach Stefanie
Published: March 2021

München, 03.11.2020 Als „sinnvoll und zielführend … für die Versorgung von Versicherten mit krankhaftem Übergewicht“ (Adipositas) bezeichnet das Bundesgesundheits-ministerium (BMG) die gesetzliche Beauftragung des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses (G-BA) für die Entwicklung eines strukturierten Behandlungsprogramms (Disease-Management-Programm = DMP) in einer aktuellen Stellungnahme 1. Es sei beabsichtigt, das Vorhaben „zeitnah in einem geeigneten Gesetzgebungsverfahren [GVWG] 2 grundsätzlich aufzugreifen“. Die Deutsche Adipositas-Gesellschaft (DAG) begrüßt diesen lange fälligen Schritt als „Quantensprung“, denn eine „leitliniengerechte und bedarfsorientierte“ Regelversorgung von Menschen mit Adipositas über die gesetzlichen Krankenkassen rückt nun in greifbare Nähe. „Ein DMP Adipositas hat das Potential, die defizitäre Versorgungssituation von Menschen mit Adipositas in Deutschland nachhaltig zu verbessern und langfristig Krankheitslast und vorzeitige Todesfälle zu verringern“, so DAG-Präsidentin Professorin Martina de Zwaan.
Endobronchial Ultrasound in Evaluating Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy
Authors: Baikunje Nandakishore , Hosmane Giridhar Belur , Y. Sunil Kumar
Published: March 2021

Tuberculosis can involve most of the body parts, and tubercular lymphadenitis is common. But isolated involvement of mediastinal lymph nodes without lung parenchymal involvement is rare in adults. A 45-year-old lady presented with subcarinal lymph node enlargement. A conventional transbronchial needle aspiration done at a local hospital was inconclusive. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration was done. Cytology showed epithelioid histiocytes and caseous necrosis. Stain for acid-fast bacilli and cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test for tuberculosis were positive. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration is a minimally invasive bronchoscopic technique to visualize and sample mediastinal lymph nodes. However, its availability is limited to specific centers and expertise is required to interpret images and take diagnostic samples.
Curiosity–tourism interaction promotes subjective wellbeing among older adults in Japan
Authors: Totsune Tomoko , Matsudaira Izumi , Taki Yasuyuki
Published: March 2021

Aging societies are one of the major problems faced in the modern world. Promoting subjective wellbeing is a key component in helping individuals positively accept and adapt to psychological and physical changes during their aging process. Tourism is one of the activities that have been demonstrated to promote subjective wellbeing. However, motivation for tourism and its benefits to subjective wellbeing among the older adults have rarely been discussed. The current study aimed to investigate whether tourism contributes to the subjective wellbeing of older adults. We examined the relationships between travel frequency, subjective wellbeing, and the personal trait of curiosity, mediated by the factor of family budget situation. The results demonstrated that diverse curiosity motivates individuals to travel; thus, diverse curiosity positively correlates to subjective wellbeing, both directly as well as indirectly through travel frequency. However, this relationship is limited by the factor of family budget, with tourism contributing to the subjective wellbeing of only well-off older adults. This study concludes that tourism has potential to contribute to subjective wellbeing during later stages of life.
Influence of the tilt error motion of the rotation axis on the test of the equivalence principle with a rotating torsion pendulum
Authors: Zhao Hui-Hui , Ding Lu , Zhu Lin , Liu Qi , Tan Wen-Hai , Shao Cheng-Gang , Luo Pengshun , Yang Shan-Qing , Tu Liang-Cheng , Luo Jun
Published: March 2021

Improving the precision of current tests of the equivalence principle with a rotating torsion pendulum requires a more complete analysis of systematic effects. Here, we discuss in detail one of the important systematic effects, the influence from the tilt error motion of the rotation axis of a rotary stage, namely, wandering of the instantaneous rotation axis around its average direction. Its influence on the rotating torsion pendulum is modeled phenomenologically, and the parameters in the model are calibrated. It is shown that the influence can contribute a correction of η ≈ 5 × 10−13 to the equivalence-principle violating parameter for a rotary stage whose tilt error motion of interest is about 31 nrad in magnitude. We also show that such an influence can be reduced to the level of η ≈ 1 × 10−14 by means of active compensation of the tilt error motion using a set of piezoelectric actuators placed under the stage stator.
Infinite ergodicity that preserves the Lebesgue measure
Authors: Okubo Ken-ichi , Umeno Ken
Published: March 2021

In this study, we prove that a countably infinite number of one-parameterized one-dimensional dynamical systems preserve the Lebesgue measure and are ergodic for the measure. The systems we consider connect the parameter region in which dynamical systems are exact and the one in which almost all orbits diverge to infinity and correspond to the critical points of the parameter in which weak chaos tends to occur (the Lyapunov exponent converging to zero). These results are a generalization of the work by Adler and Weiss. Using numerical simulation, we show that the distributions of the normalized Lyapunov exponent for these systems obey the Mittag–Leffler distribution of order 1/2.
Slat cove dynamics of low Reynolds number flow past a 30P30N high lift configuration
Authors: Vadsola M. , Agbaglah G. G. , Mavriplis C.
Published: March 2021

A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics analysis of low Reynolds number [O(104)] flow over a 30P30N three-element high lift wing is carried out using a high-order spectral element method. In this article, we study the flow in the slat cove region and the slat wake/shear layer interaction. Vortical structures, identified in the computations, are very similar to those visualized in recent experiments. For Reynolds numbers below a critical interval (found in recent experiments), Görtler vortices are observed in the slat wake, while for Reynolds numbers above the critical interval, a roll-up is observed in the slat cove and both streamwise and spanwise vortices form in the slat wake. Prior to the formation of Görtler and roll-up vortices, three-dimensional tongue- or rib-like vortex shapes, similar to those found in the wake of bluff bodies, are observed in the slat cove and promote transition to three-dimensional flow. Above the critical interval, streaks and spanwise vortices are observed to dominate the slat wake and lead to the formation of hairpin vortices which contribute to the transition to turbulence. Integral flow parameters such as lift, drag, and pressure coefficients are analyzed in the range of Reynolds numbers studied.
Enhanced dielectric and piezoelectric properties of manganese-doped Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 single crystals by alternating current poling
Authors: Wan Haotian , Luo Chengtao , Chung Ching-Chang , Yamashita Yohachi , Jiang Xiaoning
Published: March 2021

Alternating current poling (ACP) was performed on Gen III relaxor-PT Mn-doped Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (Mn: PIN-PMN-PT) single crystals with the poling direction of [001]. Experimental results proved that ACP could bring property enhancement to both k31 and k33 mode crystals. Compared to those from traditional direct current poling (DCP), ACP with the optimized conditions (20 kV/cm, 0.1 Hz, and 20 cycles) enhanced the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of k31-mode mode crystals by more than 30%, where the enhanced free dielectric constant and piezoelectric coefficient d33 reached 5300 and 1750 pC/N, respectively. Furthermore, replacing DCP with ACP could increase the advantages of Gen III relaxor-PT. The coupling factors k31 and k33 were enhanced to 0.472 and 0.915, the mechanical quality factor Qm was enhanced by 17%, and the depoling temperature was raised by 17 °C to 123 °C. In the following mechanism study, in situ x-ray diffraction (XRD) combined with the temperature-dependent dielectric constant measurement proved the introduction of the monoclinic phases after ACP, while piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) observation showed “2R”-like “2M” domain morphologies in ACP single crystals. Both these intrinsic and extrinsic factors are believed to be the keys to the mechanisms of property enhancement behind ACP. This study proved that ACP is an effective property enhancement method suitable for Gen III relaxor-PT single crystals and will promote its applications in high-temperature and high-power devices.
Bending-induced director reorientation of a nematic liquid crystal elastomer bonded to a hyperelastic substrate
Authors: Liu Yang , Ma Wendi , Dai Hui-Hui
Published: March 2021

Bending deformation of nematic liquid crystal elastomers (abbreviated as NLCEs) serves not only as a benchmark but also as a basic action of soft robots. It is, therefore, of fundamental importance to carry out a thorough analysis of finite bending of NLCEs. This paper studies such a problem by coating an NLCE to a hyperelastic substrate. The aim is to derive the analytical solution and investigate whether or not different constitutive models of NLCEs can drastically affect the theoretical predictions. For that purpose, four NLCE models are considered. The governing system of each case is established, and solving it leads to two different bending solutions. In order to determine which is the preferred one, we compare the total potential energy for both solutions and find that the two energy curves may have an intersection point at αc, a critical value of the bending angle, for some material parameters. In particular, the director n abruptly rotates π/2 from one solution to another at αc, which indicates a director reorientation. By applying the solution procedure to different material models, we find that the theoretically predicted behavior is dependent on the material models applied. Besides unraveling a possible director reorientation in a bent NLCE, the current work also suggests that an experimental investigation on bending may be a good way for selecting a suitable constitutive relation for practical applications.
The gap ratio effects on vortex evolution behind a circular cylinder placed near a wall
Authors: Zhou Jiankang , Qiu Xiang , Li Jiahua , Liu Yulu
Published: March 2021

The vortex evolution behind a circular cylinder placed near a wall is investigated experimentally with particle image velocimetry. The Reynolds number based on the cylinder diameter D is Re=1500, and the gap ratio G/D varies from 0 to 2.5 (where G is the net gap between the lower surface of the cylinder and the wall). The proper orthogonal decomposition and the vortex identification method λci are applied to capture vortex structures, and the effects of the gap ratio on vortex evolution behind the cylinder are revealed. (i) For G/D≤0.25, the regular and alternate wake vortex shedding are suppressed, and the wake vortex shedding is associated with the upper shear layer of the cylinder. The wake vortex is shed from the curling of the upper shear layer and finally breaks down into some smaller vortices at G/D = 0. (ii) For G/D=0.5, there is a vortex merging process among the upper wake vortex and the secondary vortex; meanwhile, some smaller vortices broken from the secondary vortex are entrained into the recirculation region. (iii) For 0.5<G/D≤1, the lower wake vortex can directly interact with the secondary vortex while the direct interaction is reduced at 12, the flow of the region is similar to that of an isolated cylinder. The variation of the Strouhal number (St) is dependent on the gap ratio, and the St increases as the gap ratio decreases down to G/D = 0.25, and there is nearly a 92% increase from St = 0.192 at G/D = 2.5 to St = 0.369 at G/D = 0.25, which is caused by the deflection of the gap flow. Moreover, the regular and alternate vortex structure can be formed as the gap ratio increases, and the flow characteristics and the vortex evolution are strongly affected by the gap ratio.
Exact time scale of energy exchange in triad interactions of homogeneous isotropic turbulence
Authors: Wu T. , Fang L. , Wang Z.
Published: March 2021

We solve analytically the period of a single triad interaction of homogeneous isotropic turbulence. Comparing with the traditional concept of the timescale of energy transfer, we found that this period is a timescale of energy exchange among the three wave vectors of a triad. Quantitatively, the timescale of energy exchange is usually longer if the equilibrium dissipation law is satisfied; however, when energy transfer is suppressed, the energy exchange becomes dominant. We extract the periods in typical numerical experiments of triad interactions and show that they are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. This picture implies that energy exchange corresponds to oscillation, while energy transfer corresponds to damping, and the damping rate is correlated with the oscillation. The present results of the timescale of energy transfer are expected to be applied in nonequilibrium turbulent flows.
A new universal model for friction factor in smooth pipes
Authors: Dixit Shivsai Ajit , Gupta Abhishek , Choudhary Harish , Singh A. K. , Prabhakaran Thara
Published: March 2021

Friction factor models for turbulent flow in smooth pipes express friction factor λ as a function of the bulk Reynolds number ReD and may be broadly grouped into two categories: power-law models and log-law models. While the former stem from the spectral scaling arguments applied to eddy momentum transfer close to the wall, the latter are derived from the mean velocity log law and are known to be consistent with the attached eddy model of wall turbulence structure. Interestingly, none of these models individually describes the entire range of Reynolds numbers (Re) accessed to date, without requiring adjustment of coefficients and/or exponents, i.e., these models are not universal. In this work, we present a new semi-empirical universal model that combines, without introducing any additional empirical coefficients, the essence of both power-law and log-law models. Due to this, our model successfully describes the variation of friction factor over the entire range of Reynolds numbers (more than four decades in ReD) at once. The physical basis for our model is the observation that at finite Reynolds numbers, the flow appears to be a small perturbation of the so-called ultimate regime of smooth-pipe turbulence, as far as friction is concerned; in the ultimate regime, λ→0 asymptotically as ReD→∞. The new model has significant potential toward accurate estimation of friction factor or flow rate in smooth pipe flows.
Dynamics of freely suspended drops translating through miscible environments
Authors: Mossige Endre Joachim , Chandran Suja Vineeth , Walls Daniel J. , Fuller Gerald G.
Published: March 2021

Our work focuses on an experimental investigation of droplets freely rising through a miscible, more viscous liquid. We report observations of water droplets rising through glycerol and corn syrup, which are common household ingredients. Immediately after the drops are formed, they take on prolate shapes and rise with constant velocity without expanding in size. However, after a critical time predicted by our scaling arguments, the drops continually grow into oblate spheroids, and as they mix with the ambient liquid, their volume increases and their velocity decreases, eventually following power laws. We present scaling relations that explain the main observed phenomena. However, the power laws governing the rate of the volumetric increase and the velocity decrease, namely, t1/2 and t−1/2, respectively, remain points of further investigation.
Landau quantization in tilted Weyl semimetals with broken symmetry
Authors: Zhang L. , Jiang Y. , Smirnov D. , Jiang Z.
Published: March 2021

Broken symmetry and tilting effects are ubiquitous in Weyl semimetals (WSMs). Therefore, it is crucial to understand their impacts on the materials’ electronic and optical properties. Here, using a realistic four-band model for WSMs, which incorporates both the symmetry breaking and tilting effects, we study its Landau quantization and the associated magneto-absorption spectrum. We show that the Landau bands in tilted WSMs can be obtained by considering a non-tilt Hamiltonian through Lorentz boost. However, broken symmetry effects can generate an additional term in the Hamiltonian, which equivalently lead to band reconstruction. Our work provides a more realistic view of the magnetic field response of WSMs that shall be taken into account in relevant future device applications.
Bidispersive double diffusive convection with relatively large macropores and generalized boundary conditions
Authors: Challoob Huda A. , Harfash Assma Jassim , Harfash Akil J.
Published: March 2021

This paper is concerned with the question of the beginning of convective motion in a fluid saturated porous layer, containing a salt in solution, heated below and salted above and below. This model has a single temperature and employs the Darcy theory in the micropores, the Brinkman theory, however, being utilized in the macropores. The effect of slip boundary conditions on the stability of the model is also studied. General boundary conditions regarding temperature and salt are also taken into account. It will be shown that the linear instability threshold is the same as that of nonlinear stability if the layer is salted from above, indicating that the linear theory entirely captures the physics of the onset of thermal convection. In the case of salting from below, the behavior of the transition from stationary to oscillatory convection is investigated in detail, as the boundary conditions change from prescribed temperature and salt concentration toward those of prescribed heat flux and salt flux. The nonlinear stability threshold does not coincide with that of linear instability; thus, regions of possible subcritical instability are still present. We believe that the problem presented in this paper has not been addressed before and that its study will have great scientific value and impact.
Neural network surrogates of Bayesian diagnostic models for fast inference of plasma parameters
Authors: Pavone A. , Svensson J. , Krychowiak M. , Hergenhahn U. , Winters V. , Kornejew P. , Kwak S. , Hoefel U. , Koenig R. , Wolf R. C. ,   the Wendelstein 7-X Team
Published: March 2021

We present a framework for training artificial neural networks (ANNs) as surrogate Bayesian models for the inference of plasma parameters from diagnostic data collected at nuclear fusion experiments, with the purpose of providing a fast approximation of conventional Bayesian inference. Because of the complexity of the models involved, conventional Bayesian inference can require tens of minutes for analyzing one single measurement, while hundreds of thousands can be collected during a single plasma discharge. The ANN surrogates can reduce the analysis time down to tens/hundreds of microseconds per single measurement. The core idea is to generate the training data by sampling them from the joint probability distribution of the parameters and observations of the original Bayesian model. The network can be trained to learn the reconstruction of plasma parameters from observations and the model joint probability distribution from plasma parameters and observations. Previous work has validated the application of such a framework to the former case at the Wendelstein 7-X and Joint European Torus experiments. Here, we first give a description of the general methodological principles allowing us to generate the training data, and then we show an example application of the reconstruction of the joint probability distribution of an effective ion charge Zeff-bremsstrahlung model from data collected at the latest W7-X experimental campaign. One key feature of such an approach is that the network is trained exclusively on data generated with the Bayesian model, requiring no experimental data. This allows us to replicate the training scheme and generate fast, surrogate ANNs for any validated Bayesian diagnostic model.
Cycad killer, qu'est-ce que c'est? Dieback of Macrozamia communis on the south coast of New South Wales
Authors: McDougall Keith L. , Gullan Penelope J. , Craven Phil , Wright Genevieve T. , Cook Lyn G.
Published: March 2021

The association of an armoured scale insect (a diaspidid) with dieback of a population of a native cycad (Macrozamia communis L.A.S.Johnson) was investigated on the south coast of New South Wales. The diaspidid was found to be undescribed but morphologically similar to oleander scale – here we call it Aspidiotus cf. nerii. It is probably native to Australasia and its current known distribution is within Murramarang National Park (MNP). Aspidiotus cf. nerii has been abundant on symptomatic M. communis at MNP over at least the past decade and has spread to new parts of the park. In population studies of infested and uninfested areas we found that, although both areas had populations with reverse J curves showing dominance of seedlings, mortality of seedlings and caulescent plants was significantly higher in infested sites. Infested areas had been burnt less frequently than uninfested areas. Fire does not appear to eradicate the diaspidid but may reduce its effects enough for plants to recover. We recommend further research into the use of fire as a management tool. Although other factors may be contributing to the severity of the dieback, we suggest there is sufficient evidence for the diaspidid to be regarded as the primary cause of dieback in M. communis in MNP, regardless of its origin. Given the occurrence of similar diaspidids on cultivated plants in botanic gardens, translocation of threatened Macrozamia species using plants grown in nurseries should be undertaken with extreme caution.
Perceptions Diverge on Aspects Related to Substance use Disorder: An Analysis of Individuals in Recovery, Physicians, Nurses, and Medical Students
Authors: Shreffler Jacob , Shaw Isaac , McGee Suzanne , Bishop Campbell , Thé Selena , O'Brien Daniel , Price Tim , Huecker Martin
Published: March 2021

Background

Interactions with healthcare workers can provide effective entrance into treatment, ensuring retention and lifelong recovery for individuals with Substance Use Disorder (SUD). Healthcare providers approach the challenges of patient management with different skills, comfort levels, and viewpoints. Individuals in recovery also provide crucial perspectives relevant to the complex aspects of the drug epidemic. The purpose of this study was to determine if perceptions of SUD diverge among individuals in recovery, physicians, nurses and medical students.

Methods

A survey consisting of 29 Likert statements was deployed to physicians, nurses, medical students, and persons with SUD in recovery. Respondents were asked to rate their level of agreement on statements about SUD such as treatment, stigma, medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), naloxone kits, safe injection sites, and methamphetamine usage. Separate Welch's analysis of variances (ANOVAs) were conducted to determine differences between the respondent groups and each statement. For any statistically significant findings, Games-Howell post-hoc analyses were employed.

Results

A total of 523 individuals provided survey responses: individuals in recovery ( n = 111), physicians ( n = 113), nurses ( n = 206), and medical students ( n = 93). Survey results revealed the majority of items had statistically significant differences in respondent groups. Perceptions diverged on items related to treatment, stigma, MOUD, take-home naloxone kits, safe injection sites, needle exchange programs, and methamphetamine.

Conclusion

As healthcare providers and policymakers develop treatment strategies to engage those with SUD in quality treatment, they will benefit from understanding how different viewpoints on SUD affect treatment for these individuals. These attitudes impact stigma, willingness to prescribe new treatments, and development of clinical relationships. The insight from this study allows for important discussions on the substance use health crisis and further inquiry on why these differences exist and how the diverging viewpoints may impact the lives of persons with SUD.
A dimmer switch for endosome-to–cell surface recycling
Authors: Seaman Matthew N.J.
Published: March 2021

Endosome-to–cell surface recycling is mediated by retromer and Snx27. In this issue, Mao et al. (2021. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202010048) detail how endosomal protein sorting responds to external stimuli and reveal that phosphorylation of Snx27 regulates its cargo-binding function resulting in reduced endosome-to–cell surface recycling.
Enabling out-of-body experiences for living organs
Authors: Ingber Donald E.
Published: March 2021

In a 1937 issue of JEM, Carrel (1937. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.65.4.515) described a technique for culturing whole living organs outside the body. Here, Ingber reviews how this work led to a series of scientific, engineering, and medical breakthroughs that continue to this day.
From antibody specificity to T cell recognition
Authors: Kim Hye-Jung , Cantor Harvey
Published: March 2021

Landsteiner’s definition of human blood groups and the genetic rules that govern blood transfusion represents a milestone in human genetics and a historic event in public health. His research into the specificity of serological reactions, although less well known, has had a critical influence on the development of contemporary views on immune recognition, clonal selection, and immunological self-tolerance.
Magnetic structure and crystal field excitations of NdOs2Al10: a neutron scattering study
Authors: Ritter C , Adroja D T , Le M D , Muro Y , Takabatake T
Published: March 2021

We have investigated the magnetic properties of a polycrystalline sample of NdOs2Al10 using neutron diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering, magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity measurements. The magnetic susceptibility data reveal an antiferromagnetic transition at T
N1 = 2.2 K while the heat capacity data which extend to lower temperatures show a further transition at T
N2 = 1.1 K. The INS measurements detect four well-resolved crystal field excitations at 7.4, 12.4, 17.6 meV and 19.2 meV at 5 K. The positions and intensities of the observed CEF excitations and the temperature dependence of previously published single crystal susceptibility data are analysed based on the orthorhombic CEF model of the J = 9/2 ground state multiplet of Nd3+ ion. The neutron diffraction study reveals the magnetic structure at T = 1.6 K to be of sine wave type (κ = [0, 0.723, 0]) with an ordered state moment of μ
Nd
3+ = 1.59(1) μ
B aligned along the a-axis in agreement with the single ion crystal field anisotropy. This indicates that the magnetism of NdOs2Al10 is governed by the RKKY interactions in agreement with other RT
2Al10 (R = Nd, Sm, Tb, T = Fe, Ru and Os), but different to that of R = Ce based compounds where anisotropic two ions interaction as well as Kondo interaction govern the anomalous direction of the ordered state moment.
De novo synthesis of pH-responsive, self-assembled, and targeted polypeptide nano-micelles for enhanced delivery of doxorubicin
Authors: Zhu Long-Bao , Xu Wen-Liang , Zhang Wei-Wei , Wu Ming-Cai , Li Wan-Zhen , Ge Fei , Tao Yu-Gui , Song Ping
Published: March 2021

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a commonly used anticancer drug, but it is inefficient as a therapeutic due to a lack of targeting. Peptide-tuned self-assembly of DOX offers a strategy to improve targeting for greater efficacy. In this work, we designed and prepared an amphiphilic tumor cell-targeting peptide, P14 (AAAAFFFHHHGRGD), able to encapsulate DOX by self-assembly to form tumor cell-targeting and pH-sensitive nano-micelles. The results showed a critical P14-micelle concentration of 1.758 mg l−1 and an average particle size of micelles of 121.64 nm, with entrapment and drug-loading efficiencies of 28.02% ± 1.35% and 12.06% ± 0.59%, respectively. The prepared micelles can release 73.52 ± 1.27% DOX within 24 h in pH 4.5 medium, and the drug cumulative release profile of micelles can be described by the first-order model. Compared with free DOX, the micelles exhibited an increased ability to inhibit tumor cell growth and cause tumor apoptosis in vitro, with IC50 values of DOX and P14-DOX micelles against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) of 0.91 ± 0.07 and 0.75 ± 0.06 μg ml−1, respectively, and cellular apoptotic rates of DOX and P14-DOX micelles of 70.3% and 42.4%, respectively. Cellular uptake experiments revealed high concentrations of micelles around and inside MCF-7 cells, demonstrating that micelles can target tumor cells. These results indicate the excellent potential for the application of this amphiphilic peptide as a carrier for small-molecule drugs and suggest a strategy for the design of effective anti-tumor drugs.
Noninvasive quantification of nonhuman primate dynamic 18F-FDG PET imaging
Authors: Chen Xueqi , Zhang Sulei , Zhang Jianhua , Chen Lixin , Wang Rongfu , Zhou Yun
Published: March 2021

18F-FDG uptake rate constant Ki
is the main physiology parameter measured in dynamic PET studies. A model-independent graphical analysis using Patlak plot with plasma input function (PIF) is a standard approach used to estimate Ki

. The PIF is the 18F-FDG time activity curve (TAC) in plasma that is obtained by serial arterial blood sampling. The purpose of the study is to evaluate a Patlak plot-based optimization approach with reduced blood samples for noninvasive quantification of dynamic 18F-FDG PET imaging. Eight 60 min rhesus monkey brain dynamic 18F-FDG PET scans with arterial blood samples were collected. The measured PIF (mPIF) was determined by arterial blood samples. TACs of seven cerebral regions of interest were generated from each study. With a given number of blood samples, the population-based PIF (pPIF) was determined by either interpolation or extrapolation method using scale calibrated population mean of normalized PIF. The optimal sampling scheme with given blood sample size was determined by maximizing the correlations between the Ki
estimated from pPIF and those obtained by mPIF. A leave-two-out cross-validation method was used for evaluation. The linear correlations between the Ki
estimates from pPIF with optimal sampling schemes and those from mPIF were: Ki
(pPIF 1 sample at 40 min) = 1.015 Ki
(mPIF) − 0.000, R
2 = 0.974; Ki
(pPIF 2 samples at 35 and 50 min) = 1.052 Ki
(mPIF) − 0.001, R
2 = 0.976; Ki
(pPIF 3 samples at 12, 40, and 50 min) = 1.030 Ki
(mPIF) − 0.000, R
2 = 0.985; and Ki
(pPIF 4 samples at 10, 20, 40, and 50 min) = 1.016 Ki
(mPIF)- 0.000, R
2 = 0.993. As the sample size became greater or equal to 4, the Ki
estimates from pPIF with the optimal protocol were almost identical to those from mPIF. The Patlak plot-based optimization approach is a reliable method to estimate PIF for noninvasive quantification of non-human primate dynamic 18F-FDG PET imaging and is potentially extendable to further translational human studies.
Solving the volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) problem using a sequential convex programming method
Authors: Dursun Pınar , Zarepisheh Masoud , Jhanwar Gourav , Deasy Joseph O
Published: March 2021

The volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) problem is highly non-convex and much more difficult than the fixed-field intensity modulated radiotherapy optimization problem. To solve it efficiently, we propose a sequential convex programming algorithm that solves a sequence of convex optimization problems. Beginning by optimizing the aperture weights of many (72) evenly distributed beams using the beam’s eye view of the target from each direction as the initial aperture shape, the search space is constrained to allowing the leaves to move within a pre-defined step-size. A convex approximation problem is introduced and solved to optimize the leaf positions and the aperture weights within the search space. The algorithm is equipped with both local and global search strategies, whereby a global search is followed by a local search: a large step-size results in a global search with a less accurate convex approximation, followed by a small step-size local search with an accurate convex approximation. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested on three patients with three different disease sites (paraspinal, prostate and oligometastasis). The algorithm generates VMAT plans comparable to the ideal 72-beam fluence map optimized plans (i.e. IMRT plans before leaf sequencing) in 14 iterations and 36 mins on average. The algorithm is also tested on a small down-sampled prostate case for which we could computationally afford to obtain the ground-truth by solving the non-convex mixed-integer optimization problem exactly. This general algorithm is able to produce results essentially equivalent to the ground-truth but 12 times faster. The algorithm is also scalable and can handle real clinical cases, whereas the ground-truth solution using mixed-integer optimization can only be obtained for highly down-sampled cases.
Effect of single-side stroke limiter on cantilever-based piezoelectric energy harvesting from low frequency vibrations
Authors: Giannopoulos Dimosthenis , Chen Yu-Chen , van der Zwaag Sybrand , Groen Pim
Published: March 2021

Piezoelectric transducers which rely on oscillating cantilever-type beams to harvest mechanical energy locally available in environments have been of great interest as a substitute for batteries. Most of the research efforts focus mostly on designs which aim at resonance matching to achieve maximum energy output without taking the mechanical degradation of the piezoelectric layers into consideration. The purpose of this study is to propose an energy harvesting design which maximizes power output on the long run. Unimorph cantilevers, in which the neutral axis is located at the interface between the soft lead zirconium titanate (PZT) (PZT5A4) layer and the inert substrate (Pernifer 45), are used. An analytical model is developed to quantify the performance of the harvesters as a function of free length and tip mass. An experiment is set up to validate the theoretical model. To reduce the occurrence of cracks induced in the piezoelectric element due to the cyclic nature of the vibrational excitation, a housing acting as mechanical stroke limiter is adopted. The effect of the single-side stroke limiter on the power output and lifetime of the cantilevers is investigated. A 40 mm free length unimorph cantilever with 300 mg mass attached on the tip exhibiting an 18% increase in power output (0.1 mW) is proposed. An improved lifespan of the cantilevers is obtained by limiting the tensile deformation of the piezoelectric layer. This study opens the opportunity for more effective energy harvesting mainly through compressive operation for longer periods.
Dynamical resistivity of a few interacting fermions to the time-dependent potential barrier
Authors: Nandy Dillip K , Sowiński Tomasz
Published: March 2021

We study the dynamical response of a harmonically trapped two-component few-fermion mixture to the external Gaussian potential barrier moving across the system. The simultaneous role played by inter-particle interactions, rapidity of the barrier, and the fermionic statistics is explored for systems containing up to four particles. The response is quantified in terms of the temporal fidelity of the time-evolved state and the amount of quantum correlations between components being dynamically generated. Results are also supported by analysis of the single-particle densities and temporal number of occupied many-body eigenstates. In this way, we show that the dynamical properties of the system crucially depend on non-trivial mutual relations between temporal many-body eigenstates, and in consequence, they lead to volatility of the dynamics. Counterintuitively, imbalanced systems manifest much higher resistivity and stability than their balanced counterparts.
Bubble nucleation as seen by different observers
Authors: Chen Yilin , Vilenkin Alexander
Published: March 2021

Pair production in a constant electric field is closely
analogous to bubble nucleation in a false vacuum. The classical
trajectories of the pairs are Lorentz invariant, but this invariance
should be broken by the nucleation process. Garriga et al. used a model detector, consisting of other particles interacting
with the pairs, to investigate how pair production is seen by
different Lorentzian observers. They found that particles
(antiparticles) of the pair are predominantly observed moving in
the direction of (opposite to) the electric field and concluded
that observers see pairs nucleating preferentially in the detector's
rest frame. Here, we apply this approach to the case where two
detectors moving relative to one another are used to observe the
particle and antiparticle of the same pair. We find that each
detector will still observe nucleation to occur in its rest frame,
regardless of the motion of the other detector. However, if the
relative velocity of the two detectors is sufficiently high, the
particle and antiparticle of the pair can be observed moving towards
one another with arbitrarily large momenta, contrary to the usual
expectation.
A 90° mixed-mode twisted nematic liquid-crystal-on-silicon with an insulating protrusion structure*
Authors: Li Wen-Juan , Guo Yu-Qiang , Zhang Chi , Ma Hong-Mei , Sun Yu-Bao
Published: March 2021

A 90° mixed-mode twisted nematic liquid-crystal-on-silicon (90°-MTN LCoS) with protrusion located between the adjacent pixels is proposed to reduce the effect of fringing field. The influence of the protrusion with different widths from 0.5 μm to 0.9 μm and different heights from 0.3 μm to 0.7 μm is investigated. The results demonstrate that the invalid pixel region width can be reduced by 31.5% via using the protrusion with the suitable width and height compared with no protrusion case, which provides a higher display quality, such as the higher reflectance and contrast ratio.
Quadratic residue diffuser-resonator (QRD-R) N7: design development of QRD using helmholtz resonator as a well
Authors: Lianto M , Suyatno  , Yuwana Lila , Indrawati Susilo , Prajitno Gontjang
Published: March 2021

Noise is a sound that occurs at incorrect time and place so being a nuisance for human activity. Many efforts have done to try to control the noise. One of them using acoustic material called QRD. QRD is a panel consider of wells with different depth to diffuse the reflected sound. The depth of the walls is calculated by DR. Manfred Schroeder formula. In this research, given a new design combination of QRD with resonator, we call QRD-R. The design consist of N7 QRD panel 35 cm x 35 cm using 5 cm x 35 cm Helmholtz resonator as wells’ ground. The purposes of this research are looking for the effect of QRD-R into SPL distribution and attenuation. The result shows there is attenuation in some frequency and there is diffuse effect because of the diffuser.
Calorific value predicting based on moisture and volatile matter contents using fuzzy inference system
Authors: Variani V I
Published: March 2021

The calorific value is one of the most important characteristics of fuel and it determines the energy content of fuel. In this study, we developed the calorific value predicting program based on proximate analysis of moisture and volatile matter contents using the fuzzy inference system with Tsukamoto method. The moisture and volatile matter contents are used as input and the caloric value as an output. Every fuzzy variable is divided into two linguistic values of fuzzy set i.e. low and high. By evaluation on fuzzy inference rules output, it is found that moisture content has more dominant influence on the calorific value. We also found that the calorific value predicting program has prediction error of about 0 to 1.80 %.
Calibration of Fourier Transform Spectrometer with Blackbody Temperatures Optimally Determined
Authors: Achmadi A , Lee J S , Lim J S , Park S N
Published: March 2021

Spectral responsivity calibrating of Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) is essential for eliminating its systematic error in a ground-based solar observation system. Conventionally the calibration is being done by the three-temperature blackbody method, which gives a spectral responsivity curve of the FTS under calibration in addition to the respective temperatures of the blackbody. It is an advantage that the method does not require pre-information on the blackbody temperatures. However, a combination of three temperatures remains a question in terms of the calibration accuracy. In this paper, the method is applied to a high level of radiance calibration at a wavenumber range from 2000 cm-1 to 8000 cm-1. We propose a technique which determines an optimal combination of the three temperatures in the blackbodies to improve the calibration accuracy of the FTS. Experiments were carried out using four arbitrary combinations of blackbody temperatures settings and an optimal combination of the temperature settings. The result deviation of the optimal combination is less than 0.5% and 3% for measured temperature and spectral radiance respectively, which is better than the arbitrary temperature combinations.