bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Main Directions of Russian Policy in the Struggle for Spheres of Influence in the North Pacific Ocean at the Beginning of the 18th Сentury
Authors:   Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences, Maria M. Koskina ,   Moscow Region State University
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the origins of the colonial struggle of European powers for spheres of influence in the Asia-Pacific region in the late 17th ‒ first half of the 18th century. The international situation around the process of opening and developing the northern Pacific Ocean, the fear of metropolises to lose their spheres of influence stand out as one of the main reasons for the advancement of countries in the region. The reasons for the study of the North Pacific Territories are systematized, economic, political and scientific prerequisites are noted. In the first half of the 18th century, the Pacific Ocean became the arena of geopolitical interests of leading powers. On the one hand, this period was characterized by an Anglo-French colonial confrontation. On the other hand, the interest of these countries in the north of the Pacific Ocean was not so pronounced in comparison with the positions of Russia and Spain in the region. Nevertheless, at the intersection of Asia and America, there was a clash of interests of several countries, expressed in direct and potential expansion. It was in the first half of the 18th century that the formation of international relations on the study of the North of the Pacific Ocean and the emergence of the struggle of powers for spheres of influence in the Asia-Pacific region were traced. The article examines the view of Spain, France, Great Britain and Russia on the course of colonization of North America. The Russian Empire seems to be the main participant in geopolitics in the north of the Asia-Pacific region. The main directions of Russia’s policy in the struggle for spheres of influence in the region are systematized and analyzed. The development of Russian-British, Russian-French and Russian-Spanish relations on the study of these territories in the first half of the 18th century is studied, the interaction of countries on the process of studying the North Pacific region and the further development of the west coast of North America is analyzed.
Orthodox Transfer on the Eastern Outskirts of the Empire: a Brief Historical Review of the Newspaper Diocesan Gazette
Authors:   Institute of Russian History Russian Academy of Sciences, Inna I. Yurganova ,   Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North Siberian branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2022

The article examines the history of the creation and activity of the Orthodox press of Eastern Siberia in the second half of the XIXth century, defines its goals and objectives, and provides a brief comparative analysis of the newspaper Diocesan Gazette of the Irkutsk, Yenisei, Yakut and Trans-Baikal dioceses. We note that despite the widespread involvement of the materials of the diocesan press by modern humanities as a multifunctional historical source and an element of scientific tools, one of the gaps seems to be the study of the intellectual component of the diocesan press in the life of East Siberian society, which necessitated the appeal to the stated topic. The purpose of the study is the process of formation and evolution of the newspaper Diocesan Gazette. We determine that despite the regulated algorithm, a variety of historical and ethnographic material was published on the pages of Orthodox publications, including translations in the languages of local ethnic groups. The potential of the provincial clergy of Eastern Siberia provided opportunities for staffing the editorial body and author collectives, and the elite of the clergy of the dioceses was represented as part of the editors-in-chief: theologians, writers, local historians. We draw a conclusion that Orthodox publications, namely the East Siberian newspaper Diocesan Gazette was a center of enlightenment, a platform for polemics and discussions on topical issues of public thought. An appeal to the composition and content of the issues provides extensive research opportunities for reconstructing the everyday life of the East Siberian province of the second half of the XIXth – early XXth centuries.
Border Loci in Historical and Cultural Context: Geopoetics of Border (Based on Literature and Folklore of Russian-Chinese and Mexican-American Borderlands)
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Tatiana V. Voronchenko
Published: October 2022

The article deals with the phenomenon of border in changing historical reality of two distant territories, that is important today due to the increasing interest in “border studies” as a new interdisciplinary scientific field that combines history, geography, political science and philological research at the turn of 21st century. The study involves folklore and literary works, the plots of which are localized on the borders between Russia and China: the South-East of Siberia and the Far East (Transbaikalia), the USA and Mexico: the U. S. South-West (New Mexico, Texas, California). The purpose of the article is to identify typological convergence and differences in the artistic depiction of these boundary loci in the context of their historical development. The methodological basis of the research is made up of works devoted to the geocultural and geopoetic aspects of literary studies. The article uses cultural and historical, comparative and typological, structural and semiotic methods and axiological text analysis. It is confirmed that essential geopoetic principle of the Russian-Chinese and Mexican-American borderland texts is antithesis built on the opposition of “friend/foe”. It was revealed that folklore and literary texts demonstrate convergences in the geopoetic image of the border: boundless space considered basic element of imagery and a certain type of strong and active “border hero”. Differences in the depiction of the images result from the peculiarities of the historical process and, accordingly, the different value priorities. Prospects for the research can be associated with the expansion of the “border studies” field by means of history and philology integration.
N. Y. Danilevsky and O. Spengler on “Slavic” and “Romano-Germanic” Cultural-Historical Types and Prospects of Their Interaction (Comparison of the Concept and Method)
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Alexander S. Madzharov
Published: October 2022

Thinkers N. Y. Danilevsky and O. Spengler brought together a civilization approach to world history. The relevance of the works of these authors is evidenced by their consonance with the modern historical process. The interrelation of ideas and the relative reliability of the predictions made by the theorists predetermined the purpose of the work: comparison of the concepts of “Slavic” and “Romano-Germanic” cultural and historical types, the study of the applied methodology of research by Danilevsky and Spengler, and the application of the comparative historical method in this work. Danilevsky created a typological direction in historical research, moved away from the interpretation of international relations as a situational phenomenon, realized the importance of historical forecasting. He came to the conclusion that Russia and Europe belong to different cultural and historical types, there are, in modern terms, mental contradictions between them, which in the future could give rise to clashes between civilizations. The studies of the geopolitician convinced him that Europe considered, and will continue to consider our fatherland, a “foreign” and even a “hostile” world. Fifty years after Danilevsky, Spengler spoke about the future of Western civilization. The philosopher’s doctrine developed in the direction laid down by the Russian geopolitician. The philosopher revealed the palette of the Faustian soul “from the inside”, and confirmed the assumptions and fears of Danilevsky. “Faustian culture” as Spengler concluded, “has always been aimed at “spreading”. All thinkers and leaders from Eckhart to Napoleon wanted to “conquer the world”. The coming twentieth century was seen by the philosopher as the era of the “war of inheritance”, in which India, China, South Africa, and Russia would enter. In the list of “mobilized states”, the thinker saw his fatherland in the first place. “Unbearable tension”, he testified, pushes Europe to the true Faustian path ‒ the “primal politics of all living things” ‒ war. The conducted historiographical analysis showed that the morphological attitude of the classics of civilization analysis changed the research paradigm, increased the possibilities of theoretical understanding of the problem, opened up prospects for comparative study of cultures, obtaining the necessary geopolitical forecast today.
Polish-Ukrainian Dialogue on the Restitution of Cultural Property Displaced during World War II
Authors: Kot Serhii
Published: October 2022

Negotiations between Ukraine and Poland concerning the return of lost treasures have been ongoing since the beginning of the 1990s. In total, during 1997–2020 six sessions were held of the Intergovernmental Ukrainian-Polish Commission for the Protection and Return of Cultural Property Lost and Illegally Displaced during World War II. However, no cultural objects have been returned to Ukraine or Poland. This article analyzes current Ukrainian-Polish intergovernmental relations on the return and restitution of cultural property lost in consequence of World War II, describes the accomplishments, and examines the problematic issues concerning mutual co-operation.
INVESTIGATION ABOUT THE HYDRODYNAMIC COUPLING CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTRA-ROTATING AZIMUTH PROPULSOR
Authors:   Dalian Maritime University, School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Hou Lixun , Wang Qingcai
Published: October 2022

A numerical study is conducted to determine the hydrodynamic coupling characteristics of a contra-rotating azimuth propulsor (CRAP) in open-water conditions. The detached-eddy simulation (DES) method is utilized to run simulations. A grid verification is conducted and the numerical results are validated based on a puller-type podded propeller. The hydrodynamic forces (i.e., thrusts and torques) are in accordance with the experimental data. The validated numerical method is utilized for subsequent CRAP simulations. The hydrodynamic performance and hydrodynamic coupling characteristics of CRAP are quantitatively analyzed according to forward propeller (FP), rear propeller (RP), and pod unit (PU) indicators with special focus on the hydrodynamic forces and the corresponding unsteadiness. PU appears to have essentially the same effect on the hydrodynamic performance of FP and RP. RP has a weak effect on the hydrodynamic performance of FP, while FP intensely affects that of RP. In general, the CRAP unsteadiness is dominated by RP, especially under heavy loading conditions.
Vacancy infilling during the crystallization of Fe-deficient hematite: An in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of non-classical crystal growth
Authors: Chen Si Athena , Heaney Peter J. , Post Jeffrey E. , Eng Peter J. , Stubbs Joanne E.
Published: October 2022

The crystallization of hematite from precursor ferrihydrite was studied using time-resolved, angle-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction in aqueous solutions at pH 10 and 11 and at temperatures ranging from 80 to 170 °C. Rietveld analyses revealed a non-classical crystallization pathway involving vacancy infilling by Fe as defective hematite nanocrystals evolved. At 90 °C and pH 11, incipient hematite particles exhibited an Fe site occupancy as low as 0.68(2), and after 30 min, Fe occupancy plateaued at 0.84(1), achieving a metastable steady state with a composition corresponding to “hydrohematite.” During crystal growth, unit-cell volume increased with an increase in Fe occupancy. The increase in Fe occupancy in hydrohematite was accomplished by deprotonation, resulting in a shortening of the long Fe-O(H) bonds and decreased distortion of the octahedral sites. Once the occupancy stabilized, the unit-cell volume contracted following further nanoparticle growth. Our study documented various synthetic routes to the formation of “hydrohematite” with an Fe vacancy of 10–20 mol% in the final product.

The structure refined for synthetic hydrohematite at 90 °C and pH 11 closely matched that of natural hydrohematite from Salisbury, Connecticut, with a refined Fe occupancy of 0.83(2). Dry heating this natural hydrohematite generated anhydrous, stoichiometric hematite, again by continuous infilling of vacancies. The transformation initiated at 150 °C and was complete at 700 °C, and it was accompanied by the formation of a minor amorphous phase that served as a reservoir for Fe during the inoculation of the defective crystalline phase.
Dynamics of socio-economic development of municipalities with preferential regimes in the Far East in 2013-2020
Authors:   Centre of Spatial Analysis and Regional Diagnostics of IPEI RANEPA, Zemlianskii Dmitrii ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chuzhenkova Valeriia ,   Centre of Spatial Analysis and Regional Diagnostics of IPEI RANEPA,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: October 2022

The development of the Far Eastern Federal District is a priority of the federal investment and regional policy. To create new jobs and attract private investment to the territory of the district, preferential regimes are being created in the macroregion – Special economic Zones (SEZ), Territories of advanced socio-economic development (TASED), the Free Port of Vladivostok (FPV), etc. The article analyzes the differences in the dynamics of socio-economic development of municipalities (hereinafter referred to as MO), on the territory of which preferential regimes operate with other MO of the macroregion. At the same time, not all preferential regimes are considered, but specific for the Far East - territories of advanced socio-economic development and the free port of Vladivostok. The analysis is carried out only for territories with TOCER and SPV created in 2015-2016, taking into account the possibility of the emergence of appropriate socio-economic effects. For this purpose, a monitoring index of the level of socio-economic development of municipalities was compiled and calculated. The effects of additionality for the applied support measures are also evaluated. The results showed that for 2013-2020 the level of socio-economic development of the municipalities of the Far Eastern Federal District has increased and there has been a reduction in differences within the federal district. In general, the overall "effect of additionality" of the functioning of TASED and FPV is positive. The maximum local effect is observed in municipalities with a low level of socio-economic development and where preferential regimes occupy most of the territory of the region. At the same time, it is established that at this stage the activity of preferential regimes does not provide a sustainable and systematic improvement of the socio-economic situation. The results of this study will be useful to the executive authorities to assess the effectiveness of the functioning of the TASED and FPV.
Identidades, fronteiras e mestiçagens culturais. O caso dos residentes de Gibraltar
Authors: Gilotay Sandra Borges , Magano Olga
Published: October 2022

The construction of identities is a complex and continuous process that includes individual and collective experiences. In this article, identity and cultural complexity of the residents of Gibraltar analysed through an exploratory and qualitative study. It is a unique territory in the European continent and with certain colonial links due to its past of conquests and border disputes between Spain and England. In addition to the evidence of distinct cultural and geographical origins, it was possible to perceive an intercultural dynamic among its inhabitants, in which plurality and crossbreeding of cultures play an important role in the constructive and identity process of its residents, allowing not only an integration in their social environment, but a reconfiguration of their belonging, awakening a common feeling of coexistence, in addition to the recognition of their own cultural limits
Editorial
Authors: López Uribe María Del Pilar , López Rivera Edwin
Published: October 2022

Los estudios de género han tenido un importante auge en las ciencias sociales y humanidades en Colombia y Latinoamérica a partir de la década de 1970 (Rodríguez & Ibarra, 2013), auge que también se ha reflejado en los estudios en ciencias económicas e historia económica que en años recientes han adoptado estos enfoques. Dentro de estos últimos, se destacan los trabajos de Luz Gabriela Arango publicados en la década de 1990 sobre el rol de las mujeres en el proceso de industrialización en Antioquia, el importante libro sobre el mismo tema publicado por Ann Farnsworth-Alvear en 2000 titulado Dulcinea in the Factory y, más recientemente, los trabajos de María del Pilar López Uribe y Diana Quintero, “Mujeres en ascenso: dinámica del sistema educativo y del mercado laboral en Colombia, 1900-2000”, Juanita Villaveces y Pilar Torres, “Making women visible. Gender bias in Colombian Economic History Courses”, y el libro publicado en 2020 por Ana María Iregui-Bohórquez, Ligia Alba Melo Becerra, María Teresa Ramírez G. y Ana María Tribín Uribe, The Path to Gender Equality in Colombia: Are We There Yet?.
Implementation of Kirkpatrick evaluation model in Building Information Modeling (BIM) training program
Authors: Ramadhan M. Agphin , Sumarsono Ririt Aprilin , Achmad Arini Anindya , Cisse Abdramane
Published: October 2022

This research aims to evaluate BIM WIKA Intermediate Allplan training, especially batch 8. The evaluation guide used refers to Kirkpatrick's evaluation model which is limited to levels 1 and 2. This research uses evaluation research methods with a quantitative approach. The respondents in this study were all participants who had participated in the BIM WIKA Intermediate Allplan Batch 8 training series from beginning to the end. The data was collected using questionnaires and testing instruments. The data obtained was analyzed using a weighting formula from Kirkpatrick to determine participant’s reaction to the training program, as well as improvement and achievement of participant’s learning outcomes during training activities. The result of participant’s reaction evaluation to implementation of BIM WIKA Allplan Intermediate Training Program in batch 8 raised a high positive reaction from trainees. Where’s the highest satisfaction’s level is training material component by 89%, and the lowest satisfaction’s level is learning media component by 80%. Meanwhile, in learning evaluation, it was found that the training can increase BIM knowledge for most of trainees, and they were able to practice the knowledge gained during training by conducting practical tests well.
Development of automotive basics learning module Sub-Subject Special Service Tools (SST) based on augmented reality
Authors: Yana I Gede Diva Sumarta , Dantes Kadek Rihendra , Elisa Edi
Published: October 2022

Based on preliminary research conducted in the Automotive Engineering class of SMK Negeri 3 Singaraja, it was found that the obstacles faced by students in the learning process were 90% of the 30 students stating that they did not have modules or other handbooks to learn the Special Service Tools (SST) sub-material. 73.3% stated that it was difficult to understand the material through teaching materials and methods applied by the teacher, so that students had difficulty in understanding how to use the types of Special Service Tools (SST) according to their functions. 90% of students stated that they were very happy and interesting if the learning activities of the Special Service Tools (SST) sub-material were presented using learning media that varied with audio, visual, audio-visual media. This research produced learning media in the form of Augmented Reality-based modules that can be accessed individually with a smartphone device to display 3-dimensional objects of the Special Service Tools (SST) type and how to use them. The research method used is research and development using the ADDIE model which consists of analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation. The results of this study show that the learning module automotive basics sub subject Special Service Tools (SST) based on augmented reality is stated to be very feasible and very practical to use. The percentage of material experts, media experts, small and large group trials are 93%, 87.89%, 88.55% and 90.83% which are categorized as very feasible and very practical.
Contar Histórias no Atendimento Educacional Especializado
Authors: Pita Jaqueline Sousa Santos , Oliveira Rosemary Lapa de
Published: October 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma discussão sobre Contação de Histórias no Atendimento Educacional Especializado - AEE, ressaltando possibilidades e contribuições no contexto escolar na contemporaneidade, na perspectiva da Educação Especial e Inclusiva. Para tanto, adotamos como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica, e buscamos realizar uma análise sobre os fundamentos da educação especial e AEE no âmbito da educação Inclusiva, a partir das contribuições contidas em marcos legais e de autores como Mazzotta (2011), Mantoan (2015), Diniz (2009), dentre outros. Nesse sentido, a partir das discussões apresentadas, podemos ratificar a importância de estudos a serem realizados no binômio educação inclusiva e Contação de histórias, para que possam suscitar caminhos e possibilidades a serem adotadas e aperfeiçoadas no AEE, com o intuito de promover cada vez mais a inclusão de estudantes com deficiência.
Narrar Histórias Sob o Pensar Complexo
Authors: Roldão Flavia Diniz , Vitorino Anderson Francisco , Sá Ricardo Antunes de
Published: October 2022

Edgar Morin, autor do Pensamento Complexo, não escreveu obras específicas sobre contação de histórias ou literatura, mas há capítulos de livros e passagens em que ele aborda o tema. Neste artigo, investigamos como o ato de contar histórias pode ser compreendido à luz do Pensamento Complexo a partir de alguns escritos de Morin. Não fazemos uma revisão completa dos textos do autor, mas sim dialogamos com algumas de suas ideias, buscando construir uma compreensão de como a narração e a fruição de histórias podem ser compreendidas à luz do Pensamento Complexo e, assim, trabalhadas na educação. Nossa investigação aponta que, segundo Morin, a literatura favorece a compreensão do humano e suas várias dimensões. Ela religa razão e emoção, a dimensão subjetiva e objetiva, o imaginário e o real, a linguagem lógica racional e a analógico-simbólica, aspectos da singularidade e da universalidade humana, a dimensão individual e social.
Protagonismo e Processos Formativos
Authors: Melo José Joaquim Pereira , Amaral Roseli Gall do , Rosa Dayane de Freitas Colombo
Published: October 2022

Pretende-se discutir a Campanha Nacional de Alfabetização em Cuba em 1961 e o material didático utilizado na formação do professor alfabetizador, em sua expressão didática, psicológica e militar, para uma formação autônoma. Destacando os princípios do Currículo Oculto expressos no Manual Alfabeticemos (CUBA, 1961a), que teve como objetivo proporcionar orientações à alfabetização e treinar jovens que se alistaram como professores voluntários, cuja as idades eram de 12 a 16 anos, buscando estimular o protagonismo educacional e político. Após esse treinamento o índice de analfabetismo em Cuba caiu de 23,6% para 3,9%, o que configurou a ilha como o primeiro território, declarado pela UNESCO, como livre de analfabetismo da América Latina.  Os jovens maestros se configuraram como protagonistas de um novo processo formativo que fez da educação cubana referência mundial.
Contação de História Mediada pela Comunicação Alternativa no TEA
Authors: Barby Ana Aparecida de Oliveira Machado , Ratuchne Paloma Aparecida Oliveira , Spinardi Gabriela Christine
Published: October 2022

RESUMO: O objetivo do estudo foi investigar as pesquisas brasileiras sobre a contação de histórias utilizando a Comunicação Ampliada e Alternativa (CAA) como recurso pedagógico, para estudantes no Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) entre os anos de 2015 e 2021. Os estudos foram selecionados nas plataformas Google acadêmico, CAPES e SciELO, com os descritores TEA e contação de história; CAA, TEA e contação de história; Comunicação Alternativa e autismo. A pesquisa foi de análise qualitativa, com revisão bibliográfica. Todos os estudos selecionados relataram resultados positivos na comunicação com crianças no TEA a partir do emprego da CAA na contação de histórias. Concluiu-se que o número de pesquisas sobre o tema é escasso e recente e a maioria na área da saúde, evidenciando a necessidade de maiores investimentos em metodologias alternativas de ensino para estudantes TEA e incentivo a produções acadêmicas na área educacional.
Digital Phenotyping Data to Predict Symptom Improvement and App Personalization: Protocol for a Prospective Study
Authors: Currey Danielle , Torous John
Published: October 2022

Background

Smartphone apps that capture surveys and sensors are increasingly being leveraged to collect data on clinical conditions. In mental health, this data could be used to personalize psychiatric support offered by apps so that they are more effective and engaging. Yet today, few mental health apps offer this type of support, often because of challenges associated with accurately predicting users’ actual future mental health.

Objective

In this protocol, we present a study design to explore engagement with mental health apps in college students, using the Technology Acceptance Model as a theoretical framework, and assess the accuracy of predicting mental health changes using digital phenotyping data.

Methods

There are two main goals of this study. First, we present a logistic regression model fit on data from a prior study on college students and prospectively test this model on a new student cohort to assess its accuracy. Second, we will provide users with data-driven activity suggestions every 4 days to determine whether this type of personalization will increase engagement or attitudes toward the app compared to those receiving no personalized recommendations.

Results

The study was completed in the spring of 2022, and the manuscript is currently in review at JMIR Publications.

Conclusions

This is one of the first digital phenotyping algorithms to be prospectively validated. Overall, our results will inform the potential of digital phenotyping data to serve as tailoring data in adaptive interventions and to increase rates of engagement.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/37954
Evaluation of the Accuracy, Credibility, and Readability of Statin-Related Websites: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ling Eunice , de Pieri Domenico , Loh Evenne , Scott Karen M , Li Stephen C H , Medbury Heather J
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the greatest burden of mortality worldwide, and statins are the most commonly prescribed drug in its management. A wealth of information pertaining to statins and their side effects is on the internet; however, to date, no assessment of the accuracy, credibility, and readability of this information has been undertaken.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the quality (accuracy, credibility, and readability) of websites likely to be visited by the general public undertaking a Google search of the side effects and use of statin medications.

METHODS

Following a Google web search, we reviewed the top 20 consumer-focused websites with statin information. Website accuracy, credibility, and readability were assessed based on website category (commercial, not-for-profit, and media), website rank, and the presence or absence of the Health on the Net Code of Conduct (HONcode) seal. Accuracy and credibility were assessed following the development of checklists (with 20 and 13 items, respectively). Readability was assessed using the Simple Measure of Gobbledegook scores.

RESULTS

Overall, the accuracy score was low (mean 14.35 out of 20). While side effects were comprehensively covered by 18 websites, there was little information about statin use in primary and secondary prevention. None of the websites met all criteria on the credibility checklist (mean 7.8 out of 13). The median Simple Measure of Gobbledegook score was 9.65 (IQR 8.825-10.85), with none of the websites meeting the recommended reading grade of 6, even the media websites. A website bearing the HONcode seal did not mean that the website was more comprehensive or readable.

CONCLUSIONS

The quality of statin-related websites tended to be poor. Although the information contained was accurate, it was not comprehensive and was presented at a reading level that was too difficult for an average reader to fully comprehend. As such, consumers risk being uninformed about this pharmacotherapy.

CLINICALTRIAL
Effectiveness of Single-lead ECG Devices for Detecting Atrial Fibrillation: An Overview of Systematic Reviews (Preprint)
Authors: Gu Haiyue , Huang Jun , Liu Xu , Qiao Shu Qian , Cao Xi
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Atrial fibrillation (AF) carries increased risk for stroke, but much AF remains undiagnosed. Early detecting the undiagnosed AF via screening is suggested. Single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is the most widely used technology in AF detection. Several systematic reviews on the diagnostic accuracy of single-lead ECG devices for AF detection have been performed but yielded inconclusive results.

OBJECTIVE

To synthesize the available evidence on the effectiveness of single-lead ECG devices in detecting AF.

METHODS

Five English databases (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed, Embase, Ovid, and Web of Science) and two Chinese databases (Wanfang and CNKI) were searched from the inception to July 31, 2021. Systematic reviews that examined the accuracy of tools based on single-lead ECG technology for detecting AF were included. A narrative data synthesis was performed.

RESULTS

Eight systematic reviews were finally included. Systematic reviews with meta-analysis showed that single-lead ECG based devices had good sensitivity and specificity (both ≥ 90%) in detecting AF. According to subgroup analysis, the sensitivities of tools used in populations with a history of AF were all greater than 90%. However, among handheld and thoracic placed single-lead ECG devices, large variations in their diagnostic performance were observed.

CONCLUSIONS

Single-lead ECG based devices have the potential for AF detection. While we were unable to determine the best option due to population heterogeneity and a lack of data on direct comparison between tools. Future studies are warranted to explore the suitable circumstance in which the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness these tools could be maximized for AF screening.
Development of an Automated Drug Detection System on Social Media (Preprint)
Authors: Fisher Andrew , Young Matthew , Payer Doris , Pacheco Karen , Dubeau Chad , Mago Vijay
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

One of the hallmarks of unregulated drug markets is their unpredictability and constant evolution with newly introduced substances. People who use drugs and the public health workforce are often unaware of the appearance of new drugs on the unregulated market and their type, safe dosage, and potential adverse effects. This increases risks to people who use drugs, including the risk of unknown consumption and unintentional drug poisoning. Early Warning Systems can help monitor the landscape of emerging drugs in a given community by collecting and tracking up-to-date information and determining trends. However, there are currently few ways to systematically monitor the appearance and harms of new drugs on the unregulated market in Canada.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this work is to examine how artificial intelligence can assist in identifying patterns of drug-related risks and harms, specifically by monitoring the social media activity of public health and law enforcement groups. This information is beneficial in the form of an Early Warning System as it can be used to identify new and emerging drug trends in various communities.

METHODS

To build a dataset for this study, 145 relevant Twitter accounts throughout Quebec (33), Ontario (78), and British Columbia (34) were manually identified. Tweets posted between August 23 and December 21, 2021 were collected via the Twitter API for a total of 40,393 tweets. Next, subject matter experts 1) developed a keyword filter that reduced the dataset to 3,746 tweets and 2) manually identified which tweets were relevant to monitoring and early warning efforts for a total of 464 tweets. Using this information, a zero-shot classifier was applied to tweets from step 1 with a set of keep (drug arrest, drug discovery, drug report) and not keep (drug addiction support, public safety report, other) labels to see how accurately it could extract the tweets identified in step 2.

RESULTS

When looking at the accuracy in identifying relevant posts, the system extracted a total of 523 tweets and had an overlap of 397/477 (specificity of ~83.2%) with the subject matter experts. Conversely, the system identified a total of 3,184 irrelevant tweets and had an overlap of 3,104/3,230 (sensitivity of ~96.1%) with the subject matter experts.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates the benefits of using artificial intelligence to assist in finding relevant tweets for an Early Warning System. The results showed that it can be quite accurate in filtering out irrelevant information which greatly reduces the amount of manual work required. Although the accuracy in retaining relevant information was observed to be lower, an analysis showed that the label definitions can impact the results significantly and would therefore be suitable for future work to refine. Nonetheless, the performance is promising and demonstrates the usefulness of artificial intelligence in this domain.
HIV- Related Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, and Stigma Among Healthcare Providers: Caring for HIV in Jordan: Identification of Several Organizational Challenges (Preprint)
Authors: Saad Randa K. , Khader Yousef , Aqel Ashraf Jamil , Satyanarayana Srinath , Wilson Nevin , Abaza Hiba
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

There is paucity of data on Healthcare Providers (HCPs) caring for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Jordan.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to understand HCPs’ knowledge, attitude, stigma, and practices, to assess the gaps in HIV care in Jordan.

METHODS

We conducted recorded in-depth interviews with all five HCPs working at the only HIV Service Center in Jordan, using semi-structured questions in 2021. Content analysis was performed.

RESULTS

: Several organizational challenges were identified. Only one had received HIV training. All were uncertain of updated recommendations with little knowledge of international guidelines, mother-to-child transmission, contraception, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and prophylaxis. Four HCPs perform counseling, focusing on easing anxieties, risk modification and the importance of compliance to treatment. However, their counseling on contraception, risk of transmission, STIs, and NCDs is inadequate, and they have little-to-no experience with prophylaxis. Most had a positive attitude towards PLHIV, especially HCPs working at the center the longest, encouraging marriage and reproduction. Most do not approve of mandatory testing, or of breeching patient confidentiality. They repetitively described risky behavior as ‘immoral behavior’, empathizing more with patients who caught HIV through blood transfusion or birth, and demonstrating embedded stigmatized beliefs. They reported PLHIV experience anticipated stigma and stigma by their general community including by other HCPs.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first study on HCPs caring for PLHIV in Jordan. It highlights the suboptimal knowledge, practices, and stigma which improve with greater participatory exposure to HIV care. HCPs had an overall positive attitude, more evident in HCPs working at the clinic the longest.

CLINICALTRIAL
Predicting intraoperative hypotension using deep learning model with permutation and dropout: Prediction Model Development Study (Preprint)
Authors: Jeong Hanseok , Kim Han-joon , Kim Junetae
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Intraoperative hypotension (IOH) is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Therefore, in recent years, various models for IOH prediction based on high-dimensional signal data have been developed. Given that the association between the high-dimensionality of data and the overfitting problem, it is very important to establish a strategy to prevent the overfitting problem. However, there has been little discussion of the strategy.

OBJECTIVE

This work aimed to develop an overfitting-resistant deep learning model that uses preoperative patient data along with intraoperative bio-signal information to predict the IOH about 5 minutes prior to its occurrence.

METHODS

Mean arterial blood pressure (2 sec interval) and electronic medical records of 990 patients from open-source database, VitalDB were integrated for this study. The IOH was defined as an MBP < 65 mmHg for >1 min. Our proposed deep learning model accommodates the dropout method for preventing overfitting and the permutation method for reducing the dependence of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status on IOH; we permuted the ASA status in the process of model training. The primary outcome was evaluated in terms of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).

RESULTS

The model with the permutation method showed better performance (AUROC, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.842, 0.838-0.845) than that of model without the permutation method (AUROC, 95% CI: 0.830, 0.825-0.835). Furthermore, the model with both the permutation and dropout methods exhibited the best performance (AUROC, 95% CI: 0.862, 0.859-0.861).

CONCLUSIONS

Our work demonstrated the effectiveness of the permutation method in preventing the overfitting problem. Ultimately, the introduction of the permutation of the ASA status and dropout methods into a deep learning model can prevent the overfitting problem and improve the accuracy of IOH prediction.

CLINICALTRIAL
Faktor yang Memengaruhi Biaya Out Of Pocket (OOP) Pelayanan Kesehatan Pasien Rawat Jalan: Analisa Data Sekunder Indonesia Family Life Survey Gelombang 4 (IFLS4)
Authors: Amalia Ceria Rizki , Endarti Dwi , Widayati Anna Wahyuni
Published: October 2022

Kebutuhan pelayanan kesehatan akibat sakit muncul secara sporadik dan tidak dapat diprediksi yang memberikan beban ekonomi pada pasien. Semakin besar biaya kesehatan yang dikeluarkan oleh individu dapat memperburuk kondisi keuangan rumah tangga. Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk menganalisa biaya kesehatan Out Of Pocket (OOP) pelayanan kesehatan rawat jalan akibat sakit berdasarkan perspektif pasien, serta faktor-faktor yang dapat berpengaruh pada biaya OOP akibat pelayanan kesehatan rawat jalan sakit berdasarkan perspektif pasien. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan studi observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari IFLS4 tahun 2007. Data utama yang digunakan berisi karakteristik demografi dan karakteristik kesehatan responden sebagai variabel bebas, serta biaya OOP sebagai variabel terikat. Analisa data menggunakan analisa deskiptif dan analisis inferensial menggunakan modiefied linear regression sebagai teknik analisa utama. Biaya OOP pasien rawat jalan untuk biaya medis langsung pengobatan tidak termasuk obat resep berdasarkan hasil analisis pada IFLS4 tahun 2007 sebesar Rp. 20.815,71, dengan dipengaruhi oleh sepuluh variabel sosiodemografi-kesehatan meliputi pendidikan, status pekerjaan, pendapatan, latar belakang ekonomi, provinsi, pelayanan kesehatan yang digunakan, jarak ke pelayanan kesehatan, waktu perjalanan, waktu tunggu dilayani dan penyakit kronis. Berdasarkan IFLS4 tahun 2007 Indonesia masih sangat minim penggunaan asuransi kesehatan oleh pasien rawat jalan akibat sakit. Proteksi keuangan dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat untuk menghindari pengeluaran biaya kesehatan yang bersifat katastropik.
Gambaran Pengetahuan Masyarakat Tentang Swamedikasi Demam: Kajian Literatur
Authors: Wolla Melansia Susanti , Widayati Aris
Published: October 2022

Swamedikasi untuk mengatasi demam merupakan tindakan yang lazim di kalangan masyarakat Indonesia. Namun demikian, swamedikasi yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat dapat menimbulkan masalah terkait penggunaan obat, karena kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang penyakit yang diderita dan obat yang digunakan, serta bagaimana menggunakannya dengan tepat. Oleh karena itu, kajian literatur ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang swamedikasi untuk demam. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan pada data-base Google Scholardan portal Garuda. Kriteria inklusi literatur yang dicari adalah artikel yang tercapai lima tahun terakhir dan yang membahas pengetahuan masyarakat tentang swamedikasi demam. Terdapat empat literatur yang ditemukan dari pencarian dan kriteria kriteria inklusi. Hasil kajian terhadap empat literatur menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan masyarakat tentang swamedikasi demam termasuk dalam kategori baik dan cukup
Epic Traditions of the Yakut and Shor Peoples: Paralleled Motifs Reviewed
Authors:   North-Eastern Federal University, Olonkho Research Institute, Koryakina Antonina
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The study examines some identified typological ties between the Yakut heroic epic and epic traditions of the Shor people. The research results obtained through the involvement of extensive comparative materials can essentially facilitate further scientific insights aimed at clarifying the role of Turkic epics in the shaping and development of the Yakut epic tradition, determining the bulk of motifs typical for both the Yakut and Shor epic narratives. Goals. The article aims at delineating similarities and differences inherent to plot motifs of the Yakut and Shor epics. Materials and methods. The work employs a number of research methods, such as the comparative historical, structural/typological, and comparative/descriptive ones to analyze classic texts of Yakut and Shor epic heritage. Results. The paper concludes the Shor epic tradition contains no canonical themes characteristic of Yakut heroic tales, such as peopling of the Middle World by future defenders, peopling of the Middle World by the rejected destined to become heroes of the future, emergence of earliest people in the Middle World — which indicates the epic 146tradition of the Shor people had been evolving individually after its separation from the Turko-Mongolian world. The revealed stable motifs traced in both the epics are as follows: ‘time of the first creation’, ‘land of the hero’, ‘appanages of the hero’, ‘house of the hero’, ‘hitching post’, ‘world tree’, etc.
ПРАКТИКУМ ПО ЗОНДОВОЙ МИКРОСКОПИИ ФИЗИЧЕСКОГО ФАКУЛЬТЕТА МГУ ИМЕНИ М.В. ЛОМОНОСОВА
Authors: Яминский И.В. , Ахметова А.И.
Published: October 2022

Сканирующая зондовая микроскопия является простым методом для изучения материалов, в том числе полимеров и биополимеров с нанометровым разрешением в жидкости и на воздухе. Зондовая микроскопия позволяет визуализировать поверхностную структуру образцов, оценить их конформацию, адгезию, адсорбцию на различных подложках. При этом метод не требует длительной пробоподготовки, нужно лишь разместить образец на атомно гладкой подложке, какими являются, например, графит и слюда. Навык работы с зондовым микроскопом и умение обрабатывать полученные данные являются важным этапом в программе обучения молодых специалистов. Для развития этих компетенций на физическом факультете МГУ постоянно совершенствуется и модернизируется практикум по зондовой микроскопии. Практикум представляет собой восемь лабораторных работ по ключевым тематикам и включает обучение как базовым, так и углубленным навыкам по работе с микроскопом, по обработке и интерпретации данных зондовой микроскопии.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ МЕТОДОМ КОНЕЧНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ПРОЦЕССА ИНДЕНТИРОВАНИЯ СТАЛИ EUROFER97 ПОСЛЕ ИОННОГО ОБЛУЧЕНИЯ
Authors: Гладких Е.В. , Кравчук К.С. , Решетов В.Н. , Русаков А.А. , Усеинов А.С.
Published: October 2022

Сочетание ионного облучения и наноиндентирования является обширной областью исследований, которая включает в себя не только эксперименты, но и моделирование, способное выявить особенности деформационного поведения материалов на микро- и наномасштабе. Проведенное в работе моделирование позволило оценить соответствие между параметрами прочности, измеряемыми в ходе испытаний на растяжение макрообразцов, облученных нейтронами, и результатами динамического инструментального индентирования образцов, участвовавших в эксперименте по облучению ионами. Рассчитанный в ходе моделирования прирост твердости оказался сопоставим с полученным экспериментально, что говорит о работоспособности методики. Пластическое поведение, свойственное образцам в эксперименте, проявляющееся в снижении высоты валов при увеличении дозы облучения, подтвердилось и в моделировании.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК АКТУАТОРОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ДИЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ ЭЛАСТОМЕРОВ
Authors: Щербакова В.С. , Ротарь А.П. , Базиненков А.М. , Иванова Д.А. , Михайлов В.П.
Published: October 2022

Даны результаты экспериментальных исследований характеристик, влияющих на пере-
мещение актуаторов на основе диэлектрических эластомеров под действием внешнего электрического поля. Выявлено влияние концентрации наполнителей: титаната бария, обожженного и необожженного кварца на модуль упругости и деформацию диэлектрического эластомера при высоком управляющем напряжении.
Новые олигодентатные фосфоразотсодержащие лиганды: синтез, комплексообразующие и экстракционные свой­ства по отношению к f-элементам
Authors: Сафиулина А.М. , Лизунов А.В. , Алыпов И.В. , Горюнов Е.И. , Баулина Т.В. , Горюнова И.Б. , Бодрин Г.В. , Моргалюк В.П. , Брель В.К. , Тананаев И.Г.
Published: October 2022

Исследованы новые олигодентатные фосфоразотистые соединения. Разработаны
методы синтеза этих соединений, а также изучены их комплексообразующие и экс-
тракционные свойства по отношению к актинидам и лантанидам. Показано, что
введение дополнительной координирующей группы к катиону металла приводит
к значительному росту экстракционной способности актинидов. Представленные
исследования могут быть основанием использования олигодентатных фосфоразоти-
стых соединений в качестве реагентов для экстракционного и хроматографического
разделения и концентрирования актинидов и лантанидов из различных сред.
Adaptación de la Tabla Periódica al Náhuatl: Una propuesta para la enseñanza e inclusión
Authors: Flores López Angélica , Sosa Martínez Benito , Méndez Alonso José Miguel , Catarino Centeno Rafael , García Hernández Erwin
Published: October 2022

La tabla periódica es una de las principales herramientas de la ciencia. Desde la educación secundaria hasta medio superior, los estudiantes llevan al menos un curso formal donde se recurre al aprendizaje de los elementos químicos y algunas de sus propiedades. Ésta, ha sido traducida a casi todos los idiomas del mundo, sin embargo, no así a lenguas maternas. Evidentemente, es importante hacer un vínculo entre el esquema científico y cultural, para favorecer las vocaciones científicas en estudiantes de pueblos originarios. En el presente trabajo, se muestra una adaptación de la tabla periódica a la lengua náhuatl, siguiendo tres criterios de traducción específicos para tal fin; I) la etimología del nombre directo; II) la etimología de las palabras de donde proviene el nombre del elemento; III) sus características generales. Vale la pena mencionar, que de nuestro conocimiento, esta es la primera propuesta de adaptación a la lengua náhuatl de una herramienta ampliamente utilizada en la ciencia, y que puede ser una excelente propuesta para implementarla en la enseñanza de la química en escuelas de bilingües habla náhuatl.
BIBLIOGRAFÍA RECIENTE COMENTADA SOBRE MAMÍFEROS
Authors: ZARZA VILLANUEVA HELIOT , AVILA-FLORES RAFAEL , ORTEGA-REYES JORGE
Published: October 2022

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