bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-pot catalytic conversion of cellulose to ethanol at low pressure and temperature conditions: H2O as self hydrolytic and hydrogenating agent
Authors: Madduluri Venkata Rao , Mazran Siti Khadijah , Saud Anisah Sajidah , Maniam Gaanty Pragas , Roslan Rasidi , Rahim Mohd Hasbi Ab
Published: May 2023

In this research article, ethanol production has been proposed through the one-pot catalytic conversion of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) over Pd-Ni/iron catalysts without any prior reduction under viable and inert experimental conditions. The Pd-Ni on iron oxide catalysts was prepared by facile co-precipitation and impregnation methods. Under optimized experimental conditions, the synthesized catalysts were systematically tested for efficient conversion of microcrystalline cellulose using H2O as a green solvent, hydrolytic and self-protonating agent. The different ethanol yields and microcrystalline cellulose conversions obtained over impregnated and co-precipitated catalysts were obtained under different temperatures and pressure conditions, respectively. However, the catalyst used in the impregnation method afforded higher ethanol yields than co-precipitated catalysts under similar conditions. The impregnated Pd-Ni/iron oxide catalyst provided improved catalytic activity due to uniformly dispersed active metal particles, optimum crystalline size and structure, and high surface area. The characterization of the catalysts was carried out by XRD, BET, and FTIR techniques. From FTIR and XRD analyses, it was clearly observed that the Pd-Ni/iron oxide catalyst forms Fe-O, Pd-O, NiFe2O4and Ni-O functional groups. In addition, the spent catalyst was tested for reusability to determine its reactivity towards cellulose conversion. The results show that the spent catalyst could convert maximum amounts of microcrystalline cellulose and achieved comparable yields to fresh catalyst.
Effect of Dust Events on Windfarm Performance: A Case Study of Jhimpir Region, Pakistan
Authors: Nayyar Zeeshan Alam , Nadeem Nida , Saeed Muhammad , Ahsan Kamran , Ali Syed Zeeshan
Published: May 2023

In the shift to sustainable electricity generation, wind energy has emerged as a key renewable energy source. However electricity generation by tapping into the kinetic energy of the wind is extremely sensitive to various factors including wind turbine’s blade design, blade mass and blade surface roughness as well as topography, geography and the environment of turbine installation vicinity. Coastal stretch of Sindh and Balochistan provinces have been identified as the wind corridor of Pakistan and all of the operational wind farms of Pakistan are sited in Jhimpir and Gharo regions of southern Sindh province. However, these regions are identified as arid-desertic in nature affected by various sorts of dust events such as dust/sand storms, dust in suspension, blowing/drifting dust, etc. with very high humidity and low precipitation levels. In this connection, a study has been designed and conducted to determine the extent of dusty nature of study region and evaluate the effects of dust on the electrical output of the wind turbine in Jhimpir against its theoretical or forecasted output. The study's findings indicate that there is a large percentage difference between theoretical and real output during the months that follow the months with greater dust activity. In addition, the dust accumulated over time, gradually increasing the percentage errors. Therefore, there is a need to take adequate measures and install custom made turbines in these types of regions which can bear the hardship of the seasons and environment to achieve optimal output.
Evaluation of Women's Abortion Knowledge and Attitudes in Syria: An Online Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bohsas Haidara , Alibrahim Hidar , Swed Sarya , Rais Mohammed Amir , Aljabali Ahmed , Jawish Nagham , Saleh Heba Haj , Nasif Mohamad Nour , Bayoun Doaa , Hasan Rand , Melhem Faten , Hafez Wael , Cherrez-Ojeda Ivan
Published: May 2023

Background Unsafe abortion is terminating an unwanted pregnancy in a non-medical setting, with incompetent physicians, or both. Women's understanding of legal abortion might impact their choice to seek safe and legal abortion services; thus, this study aims to assess Syrian females’ attitudes and knowledge regarding legalized abortion and identify the factors associated with positive attitudes and good knowledge.Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted among Syrian women from 18 November 2022 to 3 January 2023. The inclusion criteria were all Syrian women in the reproductive above 18 years. The questionnaire consisted of 25 items separated into four sections: sociodemographic information, abortion medical history, knowledge about legalized abortion, and attitudes toward legalized abortion.Results This study included 1648 women of reproductive age. The age group 20–24 had the most participants (37.8%). Most participants (85.9%) have never had an unwanted pregnancy. Nearly half of the participants (49.5%) favored the legalization of abortion on patient demand; however, only 31.3% would perform an abortion if it was legalized. Only 26% of the participants state that they know what safe abortion is. Only 23.6% of respondents agreed that women decide to terminate their pregnancy for any reason. More than half of the participants do not know about abortion complications (59.8%), and 56.3% do not know if abortion is legal in Syria. Married women were 1.3 times more likely to favor abortion legality than single women (P-value = 0.035). In comparison, married women were less likely to have a good knowledge regarding abortion legality compared to singles (OR = 0.708, P-value = 0.005).Conclusion Syrian women have moderate views on legalized abortion, yet information gaps exist. Awareness and natural knowledge initiatives are needed to encourage women to use legal abortion techniques and avoid harmful outcomes. Healthcare practitioners should tell pregnant women about legal abortion and assist them in getting a safe abortion if needed.
The development of cognitive workload management framework based on neuronal dynamics principle to maintain train driver’s health and railway safety
Authors: Sugiono Sugiono , Nugroho Willy Satrio , Rahayudi Bayu , Lintangsari Alies Poetri , Lustyana Astuteryanti Tri
Published: May 2023

Fatigue increases the tendency of poor train driving strategy decision. Decision making in cognitive overload and cognitive underload situation mostly outputs bad decisions. Accordingly, train driver’s cognitive function is required to be sTable during travel so that they can give correct response at a given situation. This study constructs a conceptual framework for cognitive workload management (CWM) of train driver by taking the energy expenses from cognition into the account. This study combines objective and subjective cognitive workload analysis to evaluate train driver duty readiness. The objective load analysis was performed through energy level approximation based on neuronal dynamics simulation from 76 brain regions. The cognitive energy expenditure (CEE) calculated from neuron action potential (NAP) and the ion-membrane current (IMC) from the simulation results. The cognitive load (CL) approximated by converts the continuous time-based CEE to discrete frequency-based CL using Fourier series. The subjective cognitive workload obtained from train simulation results followed by 27 participants. The participants fill the questionnaire based on their simulated journey experience. The results of the evaluation used to build readiness evaluation classifier based on control chart. The control chart evaluation helps the management to determine weekly rest period and daily short rest period treatment base on each train driver workload. The CWM framework allows different recovery treatment to be applied to each train driver. The impact of the CWM application is the performance of train drivers are kept stable. Thus, the CWM framework based on CEE is useful to prevent physical and mental fatigue
Effect of particle size on ignition and oxidation of single aluminum: molecular dynamics study
Authors: Darsin Mahros , Fachri Boy Arief , Nurdiansyah Haidzar
Published: May 2023

Alumina nanoparticle is one of the attractive nanoparticles synthesized by the plasma method. The oxidation step in this method is challenging to explain experimentally. This work was to perform a molecular dynamics simulation to determine the oxidation mechanism of aluminum nanoparticles with different sizes and oxidation levels in the oxide layer. This work was to perform a molecular dynamics simulation to determine the oxidation mechanism of aluminum nanoparticles with different sizes and oxidation levels in the oxide layer. The simulation method employed the ReaxFF potential. The material used is aluminum nanoparticles in three different sizes (8, 12, and 16 nm) with an oxide layer thickness of 0.5 nm. Aluminum nanoparticles were given a relaxation treatment of 300 K for 1 ps and then heated to a temperature of 3250 K with a heating rate of 5×1013 K/s and cooled to 300 K. The ensemble used is a canonical ensemble with the Nose/Hoover thermostat method. The result shows that the higher the temperature applied to the system, the more oxygen molecules adsorption occurs on the surface of the oxide layer and the diffusion of oxygen to the particle core. The higher temperature applied also causes gaps, or void spaces, between the core and the shell. The reaction barrier for diffusion of oxygen also decreased significantly due to void space, and the surface of the aluminum core dissociates to the surface (alumina shell). Particles with a smaller size have a shorter ignition delay time. In addition, the smaller the particle size, the more oxygen molecules' reacted with aluminum particles in the particle core
Emerging trends and research focal points of information technologies for financial control and accounting at the state and corporate level: Bibliometric research and visualization
Authors: Skrynnyk Olena , Lyeonov Serhiy
Published: May 2023

The rapid development of information technologies poses challenges to various processes of the financial departments of companies or the state. The aim of the paper is to substantiate the main directions of global research on information technologies for financial control and accounting for a better perception and derivation of the potentially associated requirements, challenges, and risks under the evolutionary magnifier. Applied bibliometric and network analysis, comprising analytical and visualization tools of Scopus and VosViewer, reveals the constantly increasing research interests of scholars in the field of research that has reached its maximum in 2022 and continues to rise, especially in the countries with the frontrunner affiliations (the United States, China, and the United Kingdom). The cluster analysis identified 19 total thematic clusters, eleven at the state and eight at the corporate levels, that determined the focal research points Big Data, Blockchain, and Artificial Intelligence are similar for financial control and accounting at the state and corporate level and underlined the partial similarity in terms of technical specification (cryptocurrency) as well as differences in specific levels (social networking issues at the state level) that are reflected in the recommendations for the elaboration of significant technology interfaces for both levels under investigation.
RESPOSTA AFETIVA DOS SUJEITOS ÀS PAISAGENS AVISTADAS DE SUAS JANELAS
Authors: Casarin Vanessa , Kemper Soethe Beatriz , Pedrolo Henicka Bianca Carolina , Longhinotti Felippe Maíra
Published: May 2023

Por meio de processos perceptivos, cada indivíduo cria uma imagem mental da paisagem que o envolve. Essa imagem mental, então, é associada a sentimentos, emoções e significados baseados em memórias e conhecimentos anteriores. Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a resposta afetiva dos sujeitos às paisagens avistadas de suas janelas, analisando de que forma tal relação é construída e quais características influenciam em sua resposta. Por meio de um questionário online com 3 perguntas abertas, foram obtidas respostas qualitativas a respeito do que os indivíduos avistam de suas janelas, quais sentimentos essas paisagens geram, e o que esses mesmos indivíduos gostariam de visualizar caso pudessem escolher. O questionário contou com 40 respostas, a partir das quais foi possível observar que paisagens naturais ou mistas geram uma maior afetividade ambiental positiva quando comparadas as paisagens consideradas predominantemente construídas, e que estas relações normalmente ocorrem em conjunto com outros fenômenos da vida cotidiana. Além disso, vários respondentes indicaram o desejo de melhorias nas paisagens avistadas, cujas características estreitariam ainda mais o sentimento afetivo positivo em relação ao entorno. Fica claro, ao final do estudo, que a paisagem não é apenas uma relação entre exterior e interior, mas também um componente chave na relação simbólico-afetiva do espaço vivenciado.
The Implication of Behavioral and Molecular Factors on COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Imran Safaa , Omran Huda , Almaliki Mohamed Salman , Mohammed Qusay , Alrudani Duna , Imran Mohammed
Published: May 2023

Worldwide, more than 6 million individuals have passed away in the two years since the pandemic began. The mortality and infection rates for
men and women differ significantly across the several nations impacted by SARS-CoV-2. Many features of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle are
influenced by several processes. The numerous ways in which genetic, epigenetic, or behavioral mechanisms affect the viral life cycle and the
host's immune response to infection have led to identifying potential markers. COVID-19 causes various symptoms, from minor respiratory
symptoms to fatal respiratory syndrome, with men, regardless of age, having a worsened illness course than women and a higher mortality rate.

:

Gender differences in illness progression can be attributed to genetic variables like chromosomal characteristics and behavioral factors like hygiene
behaviors. In this review, we extracted data from various WHO guidelines and other articles and the main molecular and behavioral mechanisms
involved in COVID-19 disease are highlighted. Exploration of these factors may explain why COVID-19 affects gender differently.
Hypothesizing the Green Synthesis of Tamoxifen Loaded Magnetic
Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Tyagi Neha , Ralli Tanya , Ali Asgar , Kohli Kanchan
Published: May 2023

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death all over the world and is
not only limited to females but also affects males. For estrogen receptor-positive breast
cancer, tamoxifen has been considered the gold-line therapy for many decades.
However, due to the side effects associated with the use of tamoxifen, its use is only
limited to individuals in high-risk groups and limits its clinical application to moderate
and/or lower-risk groups. Thus, there is a necessity to decrease the dose of tamoxifen,
which can be achieved by targeting the drug to breast cancer cells and limiting its
absorption to other body parts.

:

Artificial antioxidants used in the formulation preparation are assumed to upsurge the
risk of cancer and liver damage in humans. The need of the hour is to explore bioefficient
antioxidants from natural plant sources as they are safer and additionally
possess antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties.

:

The objective of this hypothesis is to prepare tamoxifen-loaded PEGylated NiO
nanoparticles using green chemistry, tumbling the toxic effects of the conventional
method of synthesis for targeted delivery to breast cancer cells.

:

The significance of the work is to hypothesize a green method for the synthesis of NiO
nanoparticles that are eco-friendly, cost-effective, decrease multidrug resistance, and
can be used for targeted therapy. Garlic extract contains an organosulfur compound
(Allicin) which has drug-metabolizing, anti-oxidant, and tumour growth inhibition effects.
In breast cancer, allicin sensitizes estrogen receptors, increasing the anticancer efficacy
of tamoxifen and reducing offsite toxicity. Thus, this garlic extract would act as a
reducing agent and a capping agent. The use of nickel salt can help in targeted delivery
to breast cancer cells and, in turn, reduces drug toxicity in different organs.

:

This novel strategy may aim for cancer management with less toxic agents acting as an
apt therapeutic modality.
Pharmacological Attributes of Fenugreek with Special Reference to Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Varshney Himanshi , Siddique Yasir Hasan
Published: May 2023

Background:

An annual plant, Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum L.) has well-known
health care benefits in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine. Its leaves and seeds have alkaloids, amino
acids, caumarins, flavonoids, saponins, and other bioactive components. Various pharmacological
properties such as antioxidants, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic have been attributed to fenugreek.
Trigonelline, diosgenin, and 4- hydroxyisoleucine have shown neuroprotection against Alzheimer’s
disease, and the extract have also been reported to act as an anti-depressant, anti-anxiety, and also
regulate cognitive functions. This review highlights various studies carried out on animals as well as
on humans for the protective effect against Alzheimer’s disease.

Methods:

The data presented in this review is taken from popular search engines, viz, Google Scholar,
PubMed, and Scopus. This review highlights the studies and clinical trials performed to show the
protective effect of Fenugreek on neurodegenerative diseases with special reference to AD from 2005
to 2023.

Results:

Fenugreek improves cognitive deficits by Nrf2-mediated antioxidative pathway and provides
neuroprotection against amyloid-beta-induced mitochondria dysfunction. It enhances SOD and catalase
activities and scavenges reactive oxygen species to protect the cellular organelle from oxidative
stress. It normalizes the tubulin protein and improved axonal growth by regulating nerve growth factors.
Fenugreek can also influence metabolism.

Discussion:

Fenugreek significantly improves the pathological symptoms of neurodegenerative disease,
especially AD and can be used as a therapeutic agent to control disease conditions as evidenced
by the review of the literature.
Synthesizing Conducting Poly(Aniline-co-Aminoacetophenone) Nanocomposites
based on Polyhydroxy Iron Cation–modified Clay
Authors: Rekrak Yasmine , Yahiaoui Ahmed , Hachemaoui Aicha , Dehbi Abdelkader , Mouacher Leila , Reguig Abdelkarim Bendoukha , Mourad Abdelhamid Ismail
Published: May 2023

Conductive clay–polymer nanocomposites were prepared via the in situ polymerization of
aminoacetophenone and/or aniline monomers (at initial “aminoacetophenone:aniline”) in the presence
of polyhydroxy iron cation–modified montmorillonite (MMT-PIC). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
analysis demonstrated the characteristic bands of the MMT-PIC polymers/copolymers. The
morphological properties analyzed and imaged through X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy,
respectively, displayed an increasing interlayer distance with the mass loading of PIC and
poly(aminoacetophenone-co-aniline) (poly(AAP-co-ANI)), affording intercalated nanocomposites.
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements revealed that the clay experienced a cation exchange
of sodium by the PIC, and poly(AAP-co-ANI) was present in large amounts on the nanocomposite
surface. The electrical conductivity of the obtained nanocomposites was 5.760 × 10−5 S⋅cm−1.
Moreover, the electrochemical behavior of the polymers extracted from the nanocomposites was studied
via cyclic voltammetry; the redox processes indicated that the polymerization into activated carbon
produced electroactive polymers.
Anilinopyrimidines: A Review Exploring Synthetic Approaches and Biological
Activity
Authors: Pathak Shilpi , Pandey Rahul , Agrawal Neetu
Published: May 2023

Anilinopyrimidines have a wide range of biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal,
and anticancer effects. They have a wide range of uses and opportunities due to their varied
experimental preparation and study activities. This creates a lot of interest, experiments and analytical
analyses are still being conducted to understand their medicinal chemistry better. According to their
effects, which can include antifungal and antibacterial, anticancer or antitumor, and other properties,
anilinopyrimidines are categorized in this review. In conclusion, it is critical to base the design of new
anilinopyrimidine derivatives and the creation of novel synthesis methodologies on the most recent
information discovered through recent research. This review intends to shed light on advancements in
the synthetic and biological activity of analogs of anilinopyrimidines.
An Update on the Effect Of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials
Authors: Alfayez Abdulrahman I. , Alfallaj Jawaher M. , Mobark Mugahid A. , Alalwan Abdullah A. , Alfayez Osamah M.
Published: May 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the main causes of liver disease,
specifically chronic liver disease. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with the risk of NAFLD
given that patients usually have insulin resistance as one of the observed complications with
NAFLD. Hypoglycemic agents, including sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2), have shown
to improve NAFLD. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors on
NAFLD patients’ outcomes, whether they have T2DM or not. We conducted a comprehensive
search using the PubMed and Ovid databases to identify published studies that addressed the use of
SGLT-2 inhibitors in NAFLD patients. The outcomes assessed include changes in liver enzymes,
lipid profiles, weight changes, the fibrosis-4-index (FIB4), and magnetic resonance imaging proton
density-based fat fraction (MRI-PDFF). Only clinical trials that met the quality measures were included
in this review. Out of 382 potential studies, we included 16 clinical trials that discussed the
use of SGLT-2 inhibitors in NAFLD patients. A total of 753 patients were enrolled in these trials.
The majority of the trials reported positive effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on liver enzymes; alanine
transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase. All 10
trials that reported changes in body mass index (BMI) from baseline showed a statistically significant
reduction with SGLT-2 inhibitor use, while 11 studies reported a significant increase in high
density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, 3 studies reported a reduction in triglycerides (TG) levels, and 2
studies showed a decrease in low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. The available evidence shows
that the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors in NAFLD is associated with positive outcomes on liver enzymes,
lipid profiles, and BMI. Further studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up time
are warranted.
Update on Placenta Accreta Spectrum Diagnosis and Management Challenges
Authors: Alalfy Mahmoud , Elgazzar Ahmed , Samy Ahmed , Said Ahmed
Published: May 2023

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders, also known as morbidly adherent placenta
(MAP) include anomalous adherence of the placenta to implantation location.

:

PAS could be classified into 3 categories based on the penetration distance of trophoblasts via the myometrium
and serosa of the uterus into placenta accreta, increta, and percreta.

:

A recent study in 2020 showed that using the introduced model based on 3 parameters; uterovesical
vascularity, unusual lacunae (grades 2 and 3), and bladder wall interruption, has 100% accuracy in the
diagnosis of PAS.

:

Accurate diagnosis of morbidly adherent placenta (MAP), helps in multidisciplinary team management
at delivery, with better maternal and neonatal outcomes.

:

PAS could be suspected early in pregnancy by recognizing women with doubted Cesarean scar pregnancy
(CSP) because CSP in the first trimester and PAS in the second and third trimesters might denote
various stages of a similar pathology.

:

Gray scale US with or without adding color Doppler and made by transabdominal or trans vaginal
route are commonly utilized for prenatal screening and diagnosis of PAS.

:

In a recent study made by Alalfy et al. in 2021 they revealed the systematic combined approach with
the use of Alalfy Simple Criteria for assessment of placenta previa and PAS using 3D TUI (Tomographic
Ultrasound Imaging and 3D power Doppler has a high diagnostic value in the diagnosis of
PAS from the non-adherent placenta, the estimation of the myometrial thickness and the depth of placental
invasion with the determination of different PAS subgroup plus defining diffuse from focal invasion
(Figs. 1 and 2).
Predicting the Mechanism of Tiannanxing-shengjiang Drug Pair in Treating
Pain Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology
Authors: Wang Boning , Wang Yanlei , Mao Peng , Zhang Yi , Li Yifan , Liu Xing , Fan Bifa
Published: May 2023

Objective:

This study aimed to analyze the potential targets and mechanism of the
Tiannanxing-shengjiang drug pair in pain treatment using network pharmacology and molecular
docking technology.

Methods:

The active components and target proteins of Tiannanxing-Shengjiang were obtained
from the TCMSP database. The pain-related genes were acquired from the DisGeNET database.
The common target genes between Tiannanxing-Shengjiang and pain were identified and subjected
to the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathway
enrichment analyses on the DAVID website. AutoDockTools and molecular dynamics simulation
analysis were used to assess the binding of the components with the target proteins.

Results:

Ten active components were screened out, such as stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, and dihydrocapsaicin.
A total of 63 common targets between the drug and pain were identified. GO analysis
showed the targets to be mainly associated with biological processes, such as inflammatory
response and forward regulation of the EKR1 and EKR2 cascade. KEGG analysis revealed 53
enriched pathways, including pain-related calcium signaling, cholinergic synaptic signaling, and
serotonergic pathway. Five compounds and 7 target proteins showed good binding affinities. These
data suggest that Tiannanxing-shengjiang may alleviate pain through specific targets and signaling
pathways.

Conclusion:

The active ingredients in Tiannanxing-shengjiang might alleviate pain by regulating
genes, such as CNR1, ESR1, MAPK3, CYP3A4, JUN, and HDAC1 through the signaling pathways,
including intracellular calcium ion conduction, cholinergic prominent signaling, and cancer
signaling pathway.
Cardiotoxicity of Targeted Therapies in Children with Haematological Malignancies
and Solid Tumors
Authors: Bangeas Athanasios , Tragiannidis Athanasios
Published: May 2023

Cardiotoxicity represents an important acute or chronic adverse event of treatment modalities for childhood
cancer. In the last two decades the emergence of novel cancer therapies has aimed to increase unaided or mostly in
combination with conventional chemotherapy for the survival rates of pediatric cancer especially for those patients
with relapsed and/or refractory disease. The use of emerging targeted therapies in combination with conventional
chemotherapy is related to cardiovascular adverse events mostly reported in adults. The aim of our short review was to
investigate the cardiotoxic side effects of targeted chemotherapeutic agents as monoclonal antibodies and small molecules
in pediatric cancer patients.
Nanomedicines: Impactful Approaches for Targeting Pulmonary Diseases
Authors: Dhoundiyal Shivang , Alam Md Aftab , Kaur Awaneet , Sharma Shaweta
Published: May 2023

In both developing and developed nations, pulmonary diseases are the major cause of mortality
and disability. There has been a worldwide increase in the incidence of both acute and chronic respiratory
illnesses, which poses a serious problem for the healthcare system. Lung cancer seems to be
just one form of a parenchymal lung disorder, but there are many others, including chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, occupational lung diseases (asbestosis, pneumoconiosis), etc. Notably,
chronic respiratory disorders cannot be cured, and acute abnormalities are notoriously difficult to
treat. As a result, it is possible that therapeutic objectives could be achieved using nanotechnology in the
form of either improved pharmacological efficacy or reduced toxicity. In addition, the incorporation of
various nanostructures permits the enhancement of medication bioavailability, transport, and administration.
Medicines and diagnostics based on nanotechnology have progressed significantly toward
clinical application for the treatment of lung cancers. In recent years, scientists have shifted their focus
towards exploring the potential of nanostructures in the treatment of other relevant respiratory illnesses.
Micelles and polymeric nanoparticles are the two most studied nanostructures in a wide range of diseases.
This study concludes with a summary of recent and pertinent research in drug delivery systems for
the treatment of various pulmonary disorders, as well as trends, limitations, significance, and treatment
and diagnostics employing nanotechnology, as well as future studies in this domain.
Determinants of auditor's ability to detect fraud with professional skepticism as moderation at the inspectorate general of the ministry of public works and public housing
Authors: Herawati Astrid , Sutrisno T , Purwanti Lilik
Published: May 2023

The high number of fraud cases in Indonesia has caused huge losses. When fraud cases are disclosed by external parties, what often becomes the public spotlight is the failure of the internal auditor's role in detecting fraud. This study aims to examine the factors that influence the auditor's ability to detect fraud. The data used in this study is primary data sourced from the auditors of the Inspectorate General of the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (MPWH) with a total sample of 117 respondents. Data was obtained through a closed questionnaire. The sampling technique is random sampling. The analysis technique in this study is to use Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA), including the t-test and R2 test. The results of the analysis show that competence, independence, and whistleblowing have a positive and significant effect on the auditor's ability to detect fraud. The moderating effect of professional skepticism can strengthen the effect of competence and independence on the auditor's ability to detect fraud. On the other hand, professional skepticism does not moderate the effect of whistleblowing on the auditor's ability to detect fraud.
The Diagnosis Algorithm of Chronic Hypokalemia in Bartter Syndrome and Gitelman Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Fajri Ro'di Nur , Isbandiyah Isbandiyah , Pambudi Gusti Galang
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Hypokalemia is common disorder characterized by low plasma potassium levels (<3.5 mEq / L). Hypokalemia can be caused by genetic disorders. Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome are rare genetic disorders that cause damage to the tubular kidneys. The cause of hypokalemia must be determined by analyzing the diagnosis algorithm of hypokalemia.Case Illustration: A 27-year-old woman was brought to the emergency room with complaints of weakness in both legs since 1 day ago. Obtained a history of chronic hypokalemia since 5 years ago. No history of thyroid disease, and never taking diuretic drugs. The patient is calm. Vital signs: BP: 110/60, regular pulse 88x/minute, temperature: 36.7Â°C, respiratory rate 14x/minute, oxygen saturation 99% in room air. ECG showed Normal sinus rhythm with normal T wave. Laboratory findings showed severe hypokalemia with plasma potassium 1.7 mEq/L, increased urine potassium (71.1 mmol/24 hours), increased urine sodium 306 mmol/24 hours, and increased urine chloride (342 mmol/24 hours), plasma magnesium levels were normal (1.91 mg/dL). KCl infusion was given to correct electrolyte imbalance condition.Discussion: : Several examinations must be performed to confirm the cause of hypokalemia condition. The diagnosis of this patient was suspected to lead to Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, because there was an increase in urinary potassium excretion, normotensive conditions, no suspicion of metabolic acidosis, and no symptoms of nausea and vomiting and no history of diuretic drugs usage.Â Keywords:Â  Hypokalemia, Bartter syndrome, Gitelman syndrome
Seculariseringsprocessen in België
Authors: Dobbelaere Karel
Published: May 2023

Vertrekkend van een hypothese, geformuleerd op basis van een studie gemaakt met J. Billiet, dat er een overgang vast te stellen valt van “kerks katholicisme naar sociaal-culturele christenheid”, wordt hier eerst nagegaan of deze in het begin van de zeventiger jaren vastgestelde trend zich doorzet. Vervolgens wordt ingegaan op de vraag welke de kenmerken zijn van de interpretatie-schema’s, symbolen, rituelen en ethiek van de christelijke zuil en of zij in oppositie zijn tot de kerkelijke schema’s, in welke zin en tot op welke hoogte ? Daarop wordt onderzocht of een antwoord op voorgaande vraag een gedeeltelijke verklaring kan bieden voor de stabiliteit en bloei van de christelijke zuil in een periode dat de integratie in de Kerk drastisch daalde. In voorliggende studie wordt een tendens van differentiatie, specialisatie en professionalisering in christelijke zuilorganisatie - hospitalen en scholen - vastgesteld, die de kerkelijke godsdienst privatiseren en marginaliseren, en haar impact als overkoepelend zingevingssysteem reduceren. Dit proces van secularisatie beantwoordt aan de dalende kerksheid van de Vlaamse bevolking en verklaart gedeeltelijk de stabiliteit van de christelijke zuil.
Over de maatschappelijke legitimering van het wetenschappelijk seksonderzoek: een kennissociologische reflectie
Authors: Vandekerckhove Lieven
Published: May 2023

Aan de orde in dit artikel is de vraag of de buitengewone groei van het wetenschappelijk seksonderzoek kan geïnterpreteerd worden als indicator van een progressieve deïnstitutionalisering van het seksueel taboe. Een onderzoek van de maatschappelijke voorwaarden waaronder het seksonderzoek zich kon ontwikkelen, noopt tot een negatief antwoord op deze vraag. Het seksonderzoek is maatschappelijk mogelijk geworden omdat het krachtens zijn eigen aard de garantie inhoudt dat het seksueel taboe erin gerespecteerd zal worden. Immers, de intern-maatschappelijke eis tot objectiviteit impliceert dat de partners in de (wetenschappelijke) communicatie iedere motivering tot expressieve betekenisgeving uitsluiten, impliceert dus a priori dat zij aan hun communicatie geen seksueel-gratificerende betekenis geven. Door dit laatste komen de communicatiepartners niet alleen tegemoet aan de instrumentele vereisten van de wetenschappelijke activiteit zelf, maar tegelijk ook aan de externe (nl. morele) vereiste tot isolering en privatisering van het seksueel gratificatiestreven, wat precies de kern vormt van het seksueel taboe. Is conformiteit aan de objectiviteitsnorm in het seksonderzoek dus enerzijds een bron van harmonie tussen wetenschap en samenleving omdat ze ten aanzien van deze laatste de eerbiediging garandeert van de meest centrale seksuele norm, zij is anderzijds ook een bron van spanning in deze relatie. De objectiviteitsnorm impliceert immers niet alleen dat het seksonderzoek affectiefneutraal dient te blijven, maar ook dat het moreel neutraal dient te blijven. Deze laatste vereiste, nu, blijkt maatschappelijke weerstand op te roepen tegen het objectief seksonderzoek voor zover daarin een moreel categoriseerbaar object bestudeerd wordt, d.i. voor zover daarin het seksueel handelen bestudeerd wordt. De atudie van het seksueel handelen maakt slechts aanspraak op maatschappelijke legitimiteit voor zover in deze studie de ethische onderscheidingen gerespecteerd worden die in het maatschappelijk leven zelf fungeren als criteria voor legitimiteit van dit handelen. M.a.w., de studie van het seksueel handelen komt voor maatschappelijke aanvaatding in aanmerking als ze in ideologisch orthodoxe termen geconcipieerd wordt. Objectiviteit is dus finaal niet mogelijk in zulke studie omdat de twee constitutieve aspecten van de objectiviteit tegenstrijdig gewaardeerd worden in de samenleving. Conditio sine qua non voor het seksonderzoek zijn : enerzijds, de rigoureuse handhaving van het eerste aspect van de objectiviteit (de affectieve neutraliteit) op grond van de sterke sanctionering van het seksueel taboe; anderzijds, de subordinatie van het tweede aspect van de objectiviteit (de morele neutraliteit) aan de integratiebelangen van de gemeenschap.
Sociaal-economische verhoudingen in het twee-ledige België: een interactionele en multidimensionele benadering
Authors: Vilrokx Jacques
Published: May 2023

This paper starts from the observation that, when studying collective labour relations in Belgium, little attention is paid to the overall political and socio-economic context in which the relations between organized employees and employers develop. Regional aspects especially barely come in for explicit discussion. In order to fill the theoretical vacuum facing any attempt in this direction, use was made of the analytical possibilities inherent in the fractures and "verzuiling"-perspective that have already proved their relative usefulness within the Belgian context. Several important qualifications were however required and were added. Among them, we can mention : 1) a structural difference (illustrated by means of the concepts zero-sum and non-zero-sum) in the functioning of the economic fracture as opposed to both other (language and religious) fractures and 2) the fact that the conditioning character of the economic fracture should occupy a central possition. On the basis of these options it is possible to analyse the collective labour relations in the framework of the "community" problems within a decentralisation context, rather than operating with a concealing fourth "community fracture", which has recently been supposed to be present.
Elite-circulatie en maatschappelijke ontvoogding. De Belgische elite tegenover de Vlaamse beweging.
Authors: Dewachter Wilfried
Published: May 2023

Honderdvijftig jaar Belgische ontwikkeling is voor een aanzienlijk deel gevormd door het dynamisch conflict tussen de Belgische elite en de Vlaamse Beweging. Het oorspronkelijk Belgisch concept en zijn elite is behoorlijk afgezwakt. De meeste verwezenlijkingen slaan tot nog toe op het Vlaams maken van Vlaanderen : eerst een elementair recht op de eigen taal, weliswaar naast het Frans, nadien het terugdringen van het Frans uit het openbare leven in Vlaanderen. Evenwijdig in hoofdzaak met de tweede beweging, wordt het Nederlands aangeboden als een tweede mogelijke nationale taal. Alleen aan de mate van nationale dominantie van het Frans is daardoor geknaagd geworden, niet aan het feit van de nationale dominantie van het Frans. Hoofdzakelijk in die periode dient zieh een nieuwe cohorte elite-leden aan, met een eigen taal-kenmerk. Dat taal-kenmerk was voedingsbodem én symbool van een oppositionele beweging. De cohorte heeft elite-posities veroverd, meer en meer nergend naar de demografische normale 60/40 verhouding. Op het snijpunt naar de meerderheid is echter van Franstalige zijde de pariteitseis gesteld, die algemeen aanvaard werd. Het patroon van verklaring daarbij is de kracht van de opposiie, "ge-actualiseerd" in de acties van de sociale beweging. De structurele factoren die aangevoerd zijn : de economische ontwikkeling en het elite aanbod, werken ondersteunend en bevorderend. Zonder de bewegingskracht van een oppositie zouden deze factoren geen alternatieve elite aanbrengen, maar elite-kandidaten congruent met de heersende elite. De oppositie splitst de "kieskring" van de elite. De oppositie heeft van de elite een eind weegs afgewdongen, maar haar opdracht is nog niet voltooid. Honderdvijftig jaar Belgische ontwikkeling is nu op een scharnierpunt gekomen aangaande de politieke uithouw die het homogene gebied Vlaanderen en het Vlaamse volk, zoals overigens het homogene Wallonië en het Waalse volk, voor zich gaan kiezen, maken, of ondergaan.
Causaliteit onder voorbehoud
Authors: Tacq Jacques
Published: May 2023

Het taalgebruik, zowel het alledaagse als wetenschappelijke, is doordrongen van de causale denkcategorie. Causale uitspraken zijn echter dikwijls slordig, ongenuanceerd en te weinig specifiek, hetzij omdat het conceptueel kader en de onderliggende subjectieve waarderingsmechanismen niet worden aangegeven,hetzij omdat de achterliggende omstandigheden en het causaal veld, waarop zij betrekking hebben, niet worden geëxpliciteerd. We denken dat het gedachtengoed van de Britse filosoof John Mackie, volgens wie een oorzakelijke factor een INUS-conditie is, d.w.z. een noodzakelijk maar niet voldoende deel van een voldoende maar niet noodzakelijke verzameling van factoren in een causaal veld, ons kan helpen om dit conditioneel karakter van oorzakelijke verbanden meer expliciet te maken.
Samenlevingsopbouw Heverlee: een territoriaal opbouwwerk
Authors: Van Mechelen Marlies
Published: May 2023

De werksoort samenlevingsopbouw wordt gesitueerd in zn’n Vlaamse contekst. Instellingen, die in aanmerking komen voor subsidiëring vanuit het Ministerie van Nederlandse Cultuur zijn werkzaam op 3 terreinen : territoriaal, categoriaal en functioneel. Binnen die instellingen blijken er twee concepten over samenlevingsopbouw gangbaar te zijn : het opbouwwerkconcept en het concept welzijnsopbouw. Een decreet, dat via criteria orde moet scheppen in de wereld van het opbouwwerk, komt moeizaam tot stand door de onenigheid tussen Hoge Raad voor Samenlevingsopbouw en het werkveld. Langs de beschrijving van ontstaan, ontwikkeling en werking van een territoriaal opbouwwerk, wordt ingegaan op de methode opbouwwerk.
Suicidaal gedrag als carriere: een sociologische visie op gedragsdifferentiering
Authors: Matthijs Koenraad
Published: May 2023

De bestaande 'suicidologische' theorieën bevatten slechts zeer algemene predictieve criteria voor het optreden van zelfmoordpoging. De empirische en logische distantie tussen deze criteria en zelfmoordpoging is vaag, ongedifferentieerd en a-specifiek.
In voorliggende studie wordt gepoogd aan deze leemte gedeeltelijk tegemoet te komen door de vergelijking van twee specifieke subgroepen: een groep van zelfmoordpogingen en een groep van niet-suicidaal crisisgedrag.
De resultaten van de analyse wijzen erop dat voor een goed begrip van de suicide-problematiek de diverse stadia binnen een 'suicidale carrière' duidelijk van elkaar moeten onderscheiden worden. Verder blijkt dat de concipiëring van suicidaal gedrag in termen van interactie tussen sociale leerparameters en structurele condities een strategische invalshoek kan bieden voor de empirische reconstructie en de sociologische duiding van suicidale carrières.
De Belgische variant: enkele krachtlijnen
Authors: Berghman Jos , Vranken Jan
Published: May 2023

De Belgische verzorgingsstaat wordt geanalyseerd vanuit de combinatie van hoge niveaus van sociale overheidsbestedingen met een uitgebouwde "verzorgingsmaatschappij" (d.i. het geïnstitutionaliseerde middenveld tussen individu en staat) die haar eigen is.
In het eerste deel van deze bijdrage worden een aantal tijdreeksen voorgesteld, ondermeer over de ontwikkeling van het aandeel van sociale overheidsbestedingen in het B.B.P. en over de ontwikkeling van de respectievelijke aandelen van de onderscheiden functies in deze overheidsuitgaven. De factoren die de ontwikkeling van een aantal inkomenswaarborgende programma's hebben bepaald, worden van naderbij bekeken.
De institutionele dimensie van de verzorgingsstaat wordt in een tweede deel bestudeerd. Bijzondere aandacht gaat uit naar een aantal verschuivingen inzake de beginselen die aan de basis van de sociale zekerheid liggen en inzake de zogenaamde "corporatieve democratie" (of overlegeconomie), die het centrale mechanisme is inzake het besluitvormingsproces van de Belgische verzorgingsstaat.
Arbeid, arbeidersbeweging en verzorgingsmaatschappij.
Authors: Martens Albert , Bundervoet Jan , Bosmans Ward
Published: May 2023

De rol die de arbeidersbeweging in het ontstaan en de ontwikkeling van de verzorgingsmaatschappij gespeeld heeft, is niet rechtlijnig.
Tegenover de negentiende eeuwse staat die de armen uitsloot en tegelijkertijd bevoogde, hebben georganiseerde arbeiders, autonoom, hun eigen verzorgingsinstituties opgericht. Het "mutualisme" was hierbij de leidraad.
Het algemeen stemrecht en de sociale wetten hebben een driedubbel gevolg: eerst bekomen de "arbeidersverzorgingsinstituties" van de overheid geldelijke steun, vervolgens wordt het verzekeringsstelsel progressief veralgemeend en verplichtend, tenslotte worden de verantwoordelijken van de arbeidersbeweging in het overheidswelvaartsbeleid meer en meer betrokken.
Na de tweede wereldoorlog komt dit integratieproces tot zijn voile ontwikkeling. De arbeidersorganisaties bekomen de mogelijkheid om hun apparaten sterk uit te bouwen. Centralisatie en specialisatie, verzelfstandiging van functies en bureaucratisatie kunnen, binnen het duurzame compromis tussen arbeid en kapitaal, gemakkelijk ontwikkeld worden. Het ledenaantal is hoog, maar de betrokkenheid verslapt terwijl de leiders veelvuldige beheersfuncties waarnemen.
De huidige crisis bedreigt deze ontwikkeling. Binnen de arbeidersorganisaties hebben de verschillende fracties en componenten alle moeite om hypothesen en "scenarios" naar de toekomst toe te formuleren. De arbeidersbeweging stelt zich defensief op, met de hoop dat deze crisis slechts tijdelijk zal zijn en met de vrees dat het toch nog zal verergeren.
De verhoudingen tussen generaties en de toekomst van de verzorgingsstaat: sociologische en demografische beschouwingen
Authors: Lesthaeghe Ron
Published: May 2023

In deze bijdrage wordt onderzocht hoe recente veranderingen in familievorming (inclusief vruchtbaarheid) en familieontbinding volgens Europese patronen, de overdracht van functies, die nu eenmaal typisch tot het familiale domein worden toegeschreven, naar andere gebieden kunnen versnellen. Daar deze veranderingen zinspelen op het toenemende zelfvertrouwen en de afnemende investering in het gezin, kan het individu meer afhankelijk worden van de "verzorgingsgemeenschap" en van de openbare instituties van de verzorgingsstaat. Maar omdat deze laatste instituties zelf kampen met ernstige problemen, is het mogelijk dat er een nieuwe contradictie ontstaat.
Door de demografie worden echter enkele positieve elementen gesignaleerd : de leeftijdsgrenzen zullen niet significant verschuiven tot het einde van deze eeuw en veel kleine cohorten zullen zich aanbieden op de arbeidsmarkt. Deze factoren zullen in zekere mate het werkloosheidsprobleem verlichten.
Doch de gevolgen zullen niet uitblijven daar de huidige lage vruchtbaarheid een leeftijds-boom zal veroorzaken in het begin van de 21e eeuw.
Verzorgingsstaat: op weg naar repressieve disciplinering?
Authors: Van Outrive Lode
Published: May 2023

De verzorgingsstaat wordt niet zozeer afgebouwd, maar dient steeds meer ter repressieve disciplinering van bepaalde bevolkingsgroepen. Er komt een soort strafrechtsbedeling-sociale voorzorg-welzijnszorg-complex tot stand dat osmoseverschijnselen vertoont. Na enkele begripsbepalingen wordt de aanloop tot de volle verzorgingsstaat weergegeven, nadien wordt de volle verzorgingsstaat, zoals hij functioneert in de zgn. crisissituatie ontleed. Economische machtsverhoudingen die de Staat in haar optreden beïnvloeden kunnen die evolutie verklaren, maar ook politieke machtsverhoudingen werken beïnvloedend. Tevens wordt een ideologie verspreid om de disciplinering te doen aanvaarden. Tenslotte rijst de vraag waar de contesterende tegenkrachten zich bevinden: wat brengen de arbeidersbewegingen er tegen in en wat doen nieuwe bewegingen op dat vlak?