bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The new grounds for deportation of European Union citizens in the United Kingdom
Authors: Radziwinowiczówna Agnieszka , Lewis Olayinka
Published: March 2023

Politicians often mention immigration enforcement, and deportation in particular, as a means to assert state sovereignty. This article looks at deportation through exiting the European Union, an event that was interpreted as regaining sovereignty from the supra‐national organisation. New immigration regulations in the United Kingdom were meant to end the EU Freedom of Movement and equalise the statuses of EU‐ and non‐EU migrants in the United Kingdom. The research question this article addresses is the following: how do the new immigration regulations and policies affect the possibility of deportations of EU citizens in the United Kingdom? With the lens of Interpretive Policy Analysis, the article analyses primary sources and expert interviews. It concludes that the deportability of EU citizens has increased post‐Brexit. It also anticipates that the deportability of EU citizens will be differentiated, as rough sleepers, former convicts and irregular migrants may be first to be targeted with deportation.
Multiple waves of fetal‐derived immune cells constitute adult immune system
Authors: Kobayashi Michihiro , Yoshimoto Momoko
Published: March 2023

It has been over three decades since Drs. Herzenberg and Herzenberg proposed the layered immune system hypothesis, suggesting that different types of stem cells with distinct hematopoietic potential produce specific immune cells. This layering of immune system development is now supported by recent studies showing the presence of fetal‐derived immune cells that function in adults. It has been shown that various immune cells arise at different embryonic ages via multiple waves of hematopoiesis from special endothelial cells (ECs), referred to as hemogenic ECs. However, it remains unknown whether these fetal‐derived immune cells are produced by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during the fetal to neonatal period. To address this question, many advanced tools have been used, including lineage‐tracing mouse models, cellular barcoding techniques, clonal assays, and transplantation assays at the single‐cell level. In this review, we will review the history of the search for the origins of HSCs, B‐1a progenitors, and mast cells in the mouse embryo. HSCs can produce both B‐1a and mast cells within a very limited time window, and this ability declines after embryonic day (E) 14.5. Furthermore, the latest data have revealed that HSC‐independent adaptive immune cells exist in adult mice, which implies more complicated developmental pathways of immune cells. We propose revised road maps of immune cell development.
What is the best website for recruiting?
Authors: Rémy Véronique , Simonnet Véronique
Published: March 2023

Do employers form higher‐quality matches at a lower cost when they hire via websites such as corporate websites, specialized sites, generalist sites, or the site of the public employment service (PES)? Based on a survey of French establishments, we find that employers who rely on the Internet to look for candidates employ more search channels and selection methods. Of Internet users, the employers who recruit via the PES website consider their match to be less satisfying, whereas those who hire via the company website obtain better matches. There is no relationship between the vacancy duration and the recruitment channel.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of Chinese patients with coronary heart disease and resistant hypertension
Authors: Zhu Binbin , Liu Yahui , Zhou Weicen , Du Yao , Qi Datun , Wang Chenxu , Cheng Qianqian , Zhang You , Wang Shan , Gao Chuanyu
Published: March 2023

There is currently few research on clinical characteristics and outcomes of coronary heart disease (CHD) with resistant hypertension in central region of China. This study aimed to assess the risk factors and outcomes of CHD and resistant hypertension in population of central region of China. A total of 1467 CHD patients with hypertension were included and considered to three groups according to blood pressure control: controlled group (blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg on three or less antihypertensive drugs); uncontrolled group (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg on two or less antihypertensive drugs); or resistant group (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg on three antihypertensive drugs or < 140/90 mmHg on at least four antihypertensive drugs including diuretic). The authors evaluated the clinical outcomes of three groups at 1‐year follow‐up. The prevalence of resistant hypertension was 21.8%. Significant adjusted associated factors of resistant hypertension included per unit changes body mass index (BMI, OR 1.12), and four categorical variable diagnosis by yes or no: heart failure (HF, OR 2.62), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH, OR 2.83), diabetes (OR 1.55), and chronic kidney disease (CKD, OR 1.63). In multiple adjusted Cox regression analysis, patients in resistant group had a higher risk of the primary outcome (HR, 2.14 [95% CI, 1.47–3.11]; p < .001). Moreover, the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in patients with resistant hypertension is also significantly increased (HR, 2.11 [95% CI, 1.39–3.20]; p < .001). In conclusion, resistant hypertension was a quite common and high proportion finding in patients with CHD and hypertension in central region of China, and these patients have a worse clinical prognosis.
Combined effect of sonication and equilibrium‐modified atmosphere packaging to improve storage stability of “Angelino” plums during extended storage
Authors: Caner Cengiz , Alnıak Nesrin Yumak , Yüceer Muhammed
Published: March 2023

This work focuses on the combined effects of ultrasound treatment (100, 200, and 300 W for 5 min) and equilibrium‐modified atmosphere packaging (EMAP) to enhance the storage stability based on pH, aw, gas compositions in headspace, color changes (L*, a*, b*), organic acids, and texture profile of fresh “Angelino” plums for 120 days at 4°C. The results were expressed that pH values were increased (3.19‐initial to 3.69/300 W–3.86/control) and Brix values were decreased (16.9‐initial to 14.70/control–15.3/100 W) during storage. At the end of the storage, except the control group, O2 in the headspace decreased from 20.9%‐initial to 16%/300 W–18.5%/200 W and CO2 was accumulated from 0.03%‐initial to 4.9/%200 W–6.5%/300 W. Hardness (from 11,677, 6124 gf), gumminess (from 4344 g to 4335–6715 g), and chewiness (from 3831 and 2326–2638 g) consistently decreased as a function of storage. The hardness of “Angelino” plums had been maintained after the sonication combined with EMAP compared with the control during storage. The 100 W and 200 W sonication could significantly delay the degradation of malic (from 8957 to 4227–4236 mg/L) and tartaric (1796 to 1703–1722 mg/L) acid in flesh plums, but not citric acid and malonic acid over the storage period. The sonication (200 W) combined with EMAP enhanced the storage stability.

Practical Applications

This research demonstrates that packaging fresh Angelino plums with micro‐perforated lid films and subjecting them to sonication can enhance their storage stability, allowing for longer distribution via sea freight at a considerably reduced cost compared with air freight. This can potentially expand the producer's reach in international markets. Sonication had great potentials in stabilizing cell wall and maintaining hardness in the plums during storage. Moreover, the application of sonication, especially 200‐W for enhancing storage stability without any detrimental effects on physicochemical properties and natural main organic acids (malic acid) of “Angelino” plums during the storage.
Using behavioral theory to adapt advance care planning for homeless‐experienced older adults in permanent supportive housing
Authors: Pajka Sarah E. , Kushel Margot , Handley Margaret A. , Olsen Pamela , Li Brookelle , Enriquez Celeste , Kaplan Lauren , Sudore Rebecca L.
Published: March 2023

Background

Older adults experiencing chronic homelessness (i.e., prolonged homelessness and a disabling condition) have low rates of advance care planning (ACP) despite high rates of morbidity and mortality. Rehousing of homeless‐experienced individuals into permanent supportive housing (PSH) may present an opportunity to introduce ACP; but this is unknown. Therefore, we explored staff and resident perceptions of conducting ACP in PSH.

Methods

We conducted semi‐structured interviews with PSH staff (n = 13) and tenants (PSH residents) (n = 26) in San Francisco. We used the capability (C), opportunity (O), motivation (M), behavior (COM‐B) framework within the Behavior Change Wheel model and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to inform interviews, categorize themes, and guide qualitative thematic analysis.

Results

The mean age of PSH residents was 67 (SD = 6.1) years and 52% were women. Of staff, 69% were women. Important COM‐B barriers included ACP complexity (C), complicated relationship dynamics (O), resource limitations (O), pessimism (M), variable staff confidence (M), and competing priorities (M). Facilitators included easy‐to‐use documents/videos, including the PREPARE for Your Care program (C), stability with housing (O), exposure to health crises (O), potential for strong relationships (O), and belief that ACP is impactful (M). Recommendations included adapting materials to the PSH setting, providing staff trainings/scripts, and using optional one‐on‐one or group sessions.

Conclusions

We identified behavioral determinants related to ACP for formerly chronically homeless older adults in PSH. Future interventions should include using easy‐to‐use ACP materials and developing resources to educate PSH residents, train staff, and model ACP in groups or one‐on‐one sessions.
Biomechanical in vitro evaluation of the kangaroo spine in comparison with human spinal data
Authors: Wilke Hans‐Joachim , Betz Volker Michael , Kienle Annette
Published: March 2023

On the basis of the kangaroo's pseudo‐biped locomotion and its upright position, it could be assumed that the kangaroo might be an interesting model for spine research and that it may serve as a reasonable surrogate model for biomechanical in vitro tests. The purpose of this in vitro study was to provide biomechanical properties of the kangaroo spine and compare them with human spinal data from the literature. In addition, references to already published kangaroo anatomical spinal parameters will be discussed. Thirteen kangaroo spines from C4 to S4 were sectioned into single‐motion segments. The specimens were tested by a spine tester under pure moments. The range of motion and neutral zone of each segment were determined in flexion and extension, right and left lateral bending and left and right axial rotation. Overall, we found greater flexibility in the kangaroo spine compared to the human spine. Similarities were only found in the cervical, lower thoracic and lumbar spinal regions. The range of motion of the kangaroo and human spines displayed comparable trends in the cervical (C4–C7), lower thoracic and lumbar regions independent of the motion plane. In the upper and middle thoracic regions, the flexibility of the kangaroo spine was considerably larger. These results suggested that the kangaroo specimens could be considered to be a surrogate, but only in particular cases, for biomechanical in vitro tests.
Investigating rates and risk factors for hepatitis C virus reinfection in people receiving antiviral treatment in England
Authors: Hibbert Matthew , Simmons Ruth , Harris Helen , Desai Monica , Sabin Caroline A. , Mandal Sema
Published: March 2023

England has committed to the World Health Organization target to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a public threat by the year 2030. Given successful treatments for HCV in recent years, it is unclear whether HCV reinfection will impact England's ability to achieve HCV elimination. We aimed to estimate the HCV reinfection rate among a cohort of patients receiving antiviral treatment using available surveillance data. Linkage between a treatment dataset from 2015 to 2019 and an HCV RNA testing dataset were used to identify people who experienced reinfection using three criteria. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine risk factors associated with HCV reinfection among a cohort who received treatment and had follow‐up HCV RNA testing. The reinfection rate among those receiving HCV treatment was 7.91 per 100 person‐years (PYs, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.37–8.49) and highest among current injecting drug users (22.55 per 100 PYs, 95% CI 19.98–25.46) and people who had been in prison (20.42 per 100 PYs, 95% CI 17.21–24.24). In the adjusted model, women had a significantly reduced risk of reinfection. Being of younger age, current injecting drug users, and receipt of first treatment in prison were each significantly associated with increased risk of reinfection. Two‐fifths of those with reinfection (43%, n = 329/767) were linked to treatment after reinfection, and of those starting treatment, three quarters (75%, n = 222/296) achieved a sustained virologic response. Guidance for testing groups at risk of reinfection and harm reduction strategies to minimize transmission should be implemented if England is to achieve HCV elimination targets.
Seasonal beta‐diversity of dry grassland vegetation: Divergent peaks of above‐ground biomass and species richness
Authors: Fischer Felícia M. , Chytrý Kryštof , Chytrá Helena , Chytrý Milan , Těšitel Jakub
Published: March 2023

Question

Temperate grasslands are known for their high plant diversity and distinct seasonality. However, their intra‐annual community dynamics are still largely overlooked by ecologists. Therefore, we explored the seasonal alpha‐ and beta‐diversity patterns of vascular plants and their relationships to above‐ground biomass in a rocky steppe (Festucion valesiacae).

Location

Pavlov Hills, SE Czech Republic.

Methods

For one year, we monitored the plant community of the rocky steppe at monthly intervals in 42 permanent plots of 0.25 m2. We examined seasonal changes in above‐ground biomass (estimated from the cover and height of living plant parts) and seasonal beta‐diversity, which we partitioned into turnover and nestedness components and their quantitative counterparts: balanced changes and abundance gradients.

Results

We identified a pronounced seasonal pattern of above‐ground biomass, species richness and composition. Total above‐ground biomass was highest in June (summer), with a peak representing only 60% of total annual production (sum of individual species' maxima). However, the observed peak in species richness occurred in March (early spring), with 80% of the total species number recorded throughout the year. Accordingly, nestedness and abundance gradient patterns differed in the spring months, while seasonal turnover and balanced changes in abundance were generally congruent. Annual, short‐lived, and perennial species exhibited different seasonal patterns of species richness and biomass production, although a sharp increase in biomass and a peak in species richness in spring were universal across the community.

Conclusions

Seasonal climatic constraints on plant growth are key determinants of primary production dynamics. Plants adapt to these constraints by adjusting their life cycles in different ways. In dry grasslands, the complexity of plant responses to climatic seasonality can result in seasonal beta‐diversity patterns with divergent peaks in biomass and species richness.
Environmental correlates of tree functional diversity with different leaf habits across subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests
Authors: Huang Caishuang , Xu Yue , Zang Runguo
Published: March 2023

Aim

Evergreen and deciduous broadleaved plants have long been considered as different strategies to cope with environmental conditions, which are closely related to the trait syndromes associated with leaf habits. However, there are no assessments of differences in functional diversity among evergreen and deciduous species over a regional scale.

Location

Subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest (SEBLF) of China.

Methods

We measured seven functional traits of 292 woody plant species in 250 forest plots across five locations in the SEBLF. We quantified functional richness (FRic), functional divergence (FDiv), and functional evenness (FEve) for evergreen vs deciduous species separately. We compared the patterns of variation of functional diversity for different leaf habits along geographical (latitude, longitude and elevation) and environmental (climate and soil) gradients.

Results

Functional richness of evergreen species was higher than that of deciduous species, while FDiv and FEve were lower. FRic of evergreen species decreased while FDiv increased with increasing elevation. For deciduous species, FRic and FDiv decreased with increasing latitude. With the increase of longitude, only FDiv of evergreen species decreased. FEve of both leaf habits did not exhibit geographical patterns. Environmental variables explained 9%–38% and 4%–33% of the variation in functional diversity of evergreen and deciduous species respectively. The temperature range was the most important factor affecting FRic and FDiv of evergreen species, while FRic of deciduous species was mainly affected by precipitation of the driest quarter. FEve of both leaf habits was mostly affected by soil conditions.

Main conclusions

Functional diversity of subtropical forests in China revealed different geographical patterns across leaf habits. The functional diversity of evergreen species was mainly linked to temperature, while the deciduous species were driven by precipitation. Our study demonstrated that different functional diversity patterns of evergreen and deciduous broadleaved plants in response to environment can result in the coexistence of the two leaf habit types.
Early mobilisation practice in intensive care units: A large‐scale cross‐sectional survey in China
Authors: Liu Huan , Tian Yongming , Jiang Biantong , Song Yuanyuan , Du Aiping , Ji Shuming
Published: March 2023

Background

The field of early rehabilitation has developed slowly in mainland China and there are limited data on the implementation of early mobilisation (EM) practice in intensive care unit (ICUs) in China.

Aims

To investigate the implementation of EM in ICUs in mainland China and to analyse its influencing factors.

Study design

A cross‐sectional electronic survey was conducted in 444 ICUs across 11 provinces in China. Head nurses provided data on institutional characteristics and EM practice in ICUs. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with the implementation of EM.

Results

In all, 56.98% (253/444) of ICUs implemented EM with comprehensive or complete implementation in 86 ICUs. Of the 191 ICUs that did not use EM, 136 planned to implement EM in the near future. Of the 253 ICUs that used EM, 21.34% of ICUs implemented EM for all eligible patients, while 24.90% would evaluate and carry out EM within 48 h after ICU admission, 39.13% had collaborative EM teams, 34.39% reported the use of EM protocols, 14.63% reported multidisciplinary rounds and 17.39% had medical orders and charging standards for all EM activities. Only 18.18% of ICUs conducted frequent professional training for EM, and abnormal events occurred in 15.41% of ICUs during EM practice. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that an economically strong province, the presence of a dedicated therapist team, more ICU beds and a higher staff‐to‐bed ratio favoured the implementation of EM. Furthermore, multidisciplinary rounds, well‐established medical orders and charging standards, and a high frequency of professional training can lead to the comprehensive promotion and development of EM practice in ICUs.

Conclusions

Both the implementation rate and quality of EM practice for critically ill patients require improvement. EM practice in Chinese ICUs is still nascent and requires development in a variety of domains.

Relevance to clinical practice

To facilitate the implementation of EM in ICUs, more human resources, especially the involvement of a professional therapist team, should be deployed. In addition, health providers should actively organize multidisciplinary rounds and professional training and formulate appropriate EM medical orders and charging standards.
Three‐year outcomes of an optometrist‐led virtual clinic for new glaucoma referrals
Authors: Karthikeyan Anuragini , Lee Chan Ning , Myneni Jaya , Harthan Stephen , Bragg Kris , Bentley Sarah , Dubois Vincent , Bhan Anna
Published: March 2023

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate the outcomes of an optometrist‐led virtual glaucoma clinic (VGC).

Methods

New patients referred to the glaucoma service who were consultant triaged as ‘low risk’ were assessed virtually by specialist‐trained optometrists in the VGC and either discharged or monitored for a period of 3 years. Ten percent of virtual case notes were audited by a glaucoma consultant to verify quality and generate learning objectives. Retrospective case‐note review and analysis of all patients seen in the virtual clinic between 2014 and 2016 was undertaken to determine 3‐year outcomes.

Results

A total of 1710 new patients were seen in the clinic between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2016. Of these, 1033 (60.4%) patients required no outpatient input in 3 years of follow‐up. Additionally, 320 (18.7%) were discharged at the first visit, and the proportion of glaucoma suspect and ocular hypertension patients who converted to glaucoma was 12.1% and 5.8%, respectively. At 3 years, 95 patients had died, 159 were lost to follow‐up, 576 were discharged and 371 were diagnosed with glaucoma at baseline or during the 3‐year follow‐up. The cumulative discharge proportion from the service at the end of 3 years was 82.6%. No patients required emergency eye treatment or sight‐impairment registration, and of the 12 referred back to the clinic on discharge, only five required ongoing monitoring.

Conclusion

This optometrist‐led VGC combined two aspects of novel service delivery to reduce the burden of glaucoma monitoring in outpatient departments and consolidate consultant contact to patients requiring more intervention. This model will be of value in units establishing virtual services and looking to expand the role of allied health professionals.
Effectiveness, safety, and predictors of response to ultrasound‐guided stellate ganglion blockades for the treatment of patients with chronic migraine: A retrospective and observational study
Authors: Yu Bin , Zhang Wei , Zhao Chunmei , Xing Yan , Meng Lan , Luo Fang
Published: March 2023

Background

Whether ultrasound‐guided stellate ganglion block (SGB) is a valuable therapeutic option for the treatment of patients with chronic migraine (CM) is worth exploring. If SGB is proven to be effective for CM, the identification of potential predictors for the effectiveness of SGB warrants further investigation. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of SGB in patients with CM and to explore the predictive factors for its treatment effectiveness.

Methods

This is a retrospective observational study. We retrospectively analyzed the effects of SGB for the treatment of patients with CM under ultrasound guidance, between January 2018 and June 2022. The follow‐up time was approximately 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months after the last SGBs. The response criterion was defined as a reduction in pain intensity of > 50% measured using the most severe numerical rating scale (NRS) score compared to pretreatment baseline, without an increase in the dose or the type of analgesic or anxiolytic/antidepressant medication, otherwise unresponsive to SGB. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify the predictive factors for SGB response.

Results

Ninety‐seven patients were included in this study. SGB was effective in most of the CM patients, with an effective rate of 90.7%, 82.5%, and 71.1% after 1, 2, and 3 months of the last SGBs, respectively. At 3‐month follow‐up, 95.7% responsive patients benefited from repeated SGBs. In patients receiving repeated SGB treatments, the number of SGBs in responsive patients was significantly greater than those in patients with no response at 3‐month follow‐up (3.41 ± 1.31 vs. 2.68 ± 0.67, p = 0.02). Comorbid anxiety or depression was a negative predictor of SGB effectiveness at 3‐month follow‐up (B = −0.25, 95% CI −0.45 to −0.05, p = 0.01). The overall adverse events rate associated with ultrasound‐guided SGB was 9.3%. There were no serious complications; all adverse events were transient, with hoarseness being the most common adverse event.

Conclusions

Ultrasound‐guided SGB was an effective and safe treatment for CM patients. The majority of responsive patients with CM benefited from repeated SGBs. CM patients who needed repeated SGBs may obtain good and sustained analgesic effect after receiving a greater number of SGBs. Patients without comorbidities such as anxiety or depression were more likely to benefit from SGB treatments.
Single‐cell transcriptomic analyses reveal cellular and molecular patterns of rubber tree response to early powdery mildew infection
Authors: Liang Xiaoyu , Ma Zhan , Ke Yuhang , Wang Jiali , Wang Lifeng , Qin Bi , Tang Chaorong , Liu Mingyang , Xian Xuemei , Yang Ye , Wang Meng , Zhang Yu
Published: March 2023

As a perennial woody plant, the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) must adapt to various environmental challenges through gene expression in multiple cell types. It is still unclear how genes in this species are expressed at the cellular level and the precise mechanisms by which cells respond transcriptionally to environmental stimuli, especially in the case of pathogen infection. Here, we characterized the transcriptomes in Hevea leaves during early powdery mildew infection using single‐cell RNA sequencing. We identified 10 cell types and constructed the first single‐cell atlas of Hevea leaves. Distinct gene expression patterns of the cell clusters were observed under powdery mildew infection, which was especially significant in the epidermal cells. Most of the genes involved in host–pathogen interactions in epidermal cells exhibited a pattern of dramatically increased expression with increasing pseudotime. Interestingly, we found that the HbCNL2 gene, encoding a nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat protein, positively modulated the defence of rubber leaves against powdery mildew. Overexpression of the HbCNL2 gene triggered a typical cell death phenotype in tobacco leaves and a higher level of reactive oxygen species in the protoplasts of Hevea leaves. The HbCNL2 protein was located in the cytomembrane and nucleus, and its leucine‐rich repeat domain interacted with the histidine kinase‐like ATPase domain of the molecular chaperone HbHSP90 in the nucleus. Collectively, our results provide the first observation of the cellular and molecular responses of Hevea leaves to biotrophic pathogen infection and can guide the identification of disease‐resistance genes in this important tree species.
Hyponatremia and mortality in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Miyauchi Takamasa , Nishiwaki Hiroki , Mizukami Aya , Yazawa Masahiko
Published: March 2023

Introduction

This systematic review and meta‐analysis examined the relationship between hyponatremia and worse outcomes in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

Methods

The MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases were used to search for relevant articles. The target population was patients on maintenance hemodialysis (those undergoing hemodialysis for ≥60 days). The defined outcomes were death, cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline, and falls. Meta‐analysis was performed with a random‐effects model of pairwise comparisons of normonatremia and hyponatremia defined for each study, 1‐mmol/L increment of sodium analysis, and dose–response analysis using the sodium concentration defined for each study. This study was registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42018087667).

Results

Thirteen articles were included. The pairwise analysis revealed that the hazard ratio for all‐cause mortality was 1.45 (95% confidence interval, 1.31–1.61). The analysis of 1‐mmol/L increment of sodium included six studies with a hazard ratio for all‐cause mortality of 0.94 (95% confidence interval, 0.91–0.97) for each 1‐mmol/L increase in the serum sodium concentration. In the dose–response analysis, assuming a linear relationship, a sodium increment of 1 mmol/L revealed a hazard ratio for all‐cause mortality of 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.96–0.98). Other outcomes could not be integrated.

Conclusions

Hyponatremia is associated with all‐cause mortality in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Healthcare providers should pay special attention to even the slightest indication of hyponatremia.
HLA‐B leader genotypes in a clinical population
Authors: Balgansuren Gansuvd , Sprague Maggie , Peterson Paula , Shenavar Yasaman , Ng Ada , Regen Lois , Shelton Nakita , Petersdorf Effie
Published: March 2023

The −21 dimorphism in the leader sequences of HLA‐B exon 1 is associated with risk of graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), relapse and overall survival after unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), haploidentical HCT and cord blood transplantation. Consideration of the leader dimorphism in the prospective selection of allogeneic donors for HCT may help to lower risks for patients, but requires understanding of the frequencies of the leader in patients and candidate transplant donors. We defined the frequencies of the HLA‐B leader, and its association to HLA‐B Bw4/Bw6 and C1/C2 KIR epitopes. Sequence variants of rs1050458 of exon 1 position −21 for 11,126 haplotypes were analyzed from high resolution HLA typing of over 5500 study subjects. HLA typing was performed by TruSight/AlloSeq NGS and analyzed using TruSight/AlloSeq Assign software. HLA‐B Bw4/Bw6 and C1/C2 KIR epitopes were defined based on established sequence alignments and nomenclature. Alleles at rs1050458 of HLA‐B exon 1 were validated as dimorphic: rs1050458‐C or ‐T variants encoding threonine (T) or methionine (M) at anchor position 2 (P2) of nonameric HLA‐B leader peptides, respectfully. No additional variants were observed. Among study subjects, 70% of HLA‐B haplotypes encoded T‐leader and 30% encoded M‐leader sequences. The genotype frequencies of TT, MT, and MM were consistent among patient, related, and unrelated donor groups. The associations of M/T leader, Bw4/Bw6, and C1/C2 enhanced understanding of the Class I features involved in the innate immune response. A population of patients and transplant donors confirms the rs1050458 leader dimorphism and its association with HLA‐B Bw4/Bw6 and C1/C2 KIR features.
High‐titer post‐vaccine COVID‐19 convalescent plasma for immunocompromised patients during the first omicron surge
Authors: Tayyar Ralph , Wong Lisa Kanata , Dahlen Alex , Shu Elaine , Pandey Suchitra , Liu Anne Y.
Published: March 2023

Background

Transplant and hematologic malignancy patients have high Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) mortality and impaired vaccination responses. Omicron variant evades several monoclonal antibodies previously used in immunocompromised patients. Polyclonal COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) may provide broader neutralizing capacity against new variants at high titers. Vaccination increases severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) titer in convalescent donors.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective chart review of hospitalized immunocompromised patients with COVID‐19 who received high‐titer CCP during the first omicron surge, collected from vaccinated donors within 6 months of pre‐omicron COVID‐19. Data on safety and outcomes were extracted.

Results

A total of 44 immunocompromised patients were included, 59.1% with solid organ transplant, 22.7% with hematopoietic cell transplant, 11.4% with hematologic malignancy, and 6.8% with autoimmune disease. Overall, 95% of CCP units transfused were from recently recovered and vaccinated donors and had SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody results 8‐ to 37‐fold higher than the Food and Drug Administration's cutoff for high‐titer CCP. There were two mild transfusion reactions. A total of 30‐day mortality was 4.5%. There were no differences in 100‐day mortality by underlying diagnosis, levels of immunosuppression, and timing of CCP administration. Patients with higher immunosuppression had significantly higher mean World Health Organization clinical progression scores at 30‐day post‐CCP compared to those with lower immunosuppression.

Conclusions

CCP is a safe, globally available treatment for immunocompromised patients with COVID‐19. Mortality was lower in our cohort than that of COVID‐19 patients with similar immunocompromising conditions. Post‐vaccine CCP with very high titers should be prioritized for study in immunocompromised patients. Post‐vaccine CCP has the potential to keep pace with new variants by overcoming mutations at sufficiently high titer.

image
Phosphorylation of Janus kinase 1 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and 6 in keratinocytes of canine atopic dermatitis
Authors: Ikai Mari , Murakami Mami , Kanei Toshitaka , Asahina Ryota , Iwata Munetaka , Kamishina Hiroaki , Maeda Sadatoshi
Published: March 2023

Background

Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a disease associated with Type 2 helper T (Th2) immune responses in the acute phase of the disease. In humans, keratinocytes are activated by Th2 cytokines via the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. However, the activation of keratinocytes by Th2 cytokines in cAD has not yet been demonstrated.

Hypothesis/objectives

To evaluate keratinocyte activation based on the phosphorylation (p) of JAK1, STAT3 and STAT6.

Animals

Seven dogs with cAD and three healthy dogs.

Materials and methods

Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect pJAK1, pSTAT3 and pSTAT6 in keratinocytes in normal canine skin, and the skin of atopic dogs. In the latter group samples were collected from both primary and secondary lesions, and nonaffected skin.

Results

The percentage of pJAK1‐positive keratinocytes was significantly higher in primary cAD lesions than in healthy skin (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in pSTAT3‐positive keratinocytes among the groups. The percentage of pSTAT6‐positive keratinocytes was significantly higher in primary and secondary lesions than in healthy skin (p < 0.05, respectively).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The novel finding in this study was the activation of keratinocytes as demonstrated by the phosphorylation of JAK1/STATs in lesional and nonlesional cAD skin. These results suggest the potential of not only JAK1, but also of STAT6 as therapeutic targets for cAD.
The effect of an aiming device on the accuracy of humeral transcondylar screw placement
Authors: Neal Katherine M. , Gallaher Hayley M. , Thompson Alexis , Kerby Mary D.
Published: March 2023

Objectives

(1) To evaluate the accuracy of an aiming device on placement of humeral transcondylar screws compared to fluoroscopic methods. (2) To compare experience level on outcome.

Study design

Randomized, match pair, prospective ex‐vivo study.

Sample population

A total of 68 dogs.

Methods

Canine cadaveric forelimbs were randomly assigned to either aiming device or fluoroscopic‐guided groups, and to diplomate or resident. Digital radiography was used to evaluate screw trajectory deviation and eccentricity on the humeral condyle. Procedure time, outcome based on experience, and complications were recorded.

Results

The aiming device screw trajectory angle was decreased in the right limb (1.9 ± 1.1°) compared with the left (3.6 ± 1.1°, p = .0178), and compared to fluoroscopy (3.4 ± 1.1° p = .0128). There was no difference between leg laterality with fluoroscopy (p = .9979). Trajectory angle was increased with resident versus diplomate (3.4 ± 1.1° and 2.5 ± 1.1° respectively, p = .0366). Eccentricity deviation was decreased using fluoroscopy versus aiming device (3.1 ± 0.36 mm, 4.2 ± 0.36 mm, respectively, p = .0017). The risk of joint involvement was 8 times greater in aiming device groups, though not significant (p = .0575). Significant complications included increased drill attempts in fluoroscopic groups (p = .0237).

Conclusion

The aiming device provided accurate placement of transcondylar screws, in terms of both position on the condyle and trajectory angle. Results were similar to fluoroscopic‐guided method.

Clinical significance

An aiming device is an acceptable means of placing humeral transcondylar screws. The use of the aiming device had an eight times increased risk of joint involvement compared to fluoroscopy.
Editorial: Studies in Media and Communication Special Issue on Language and Education in Communication
Authors: Herman Herman , Purba Ridwin , Ngongo Magdalena
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThis special issue focuses on research articles on the range of Language studies, literature, education and communication. We particularly encourage the submission of works that critically examine the use of educational technology or utilize language and linguistics in a practical way. The topics covered are Language and Social interaction, Semiotics, Applied linguistics, Systemic Functional Linguistics, literature and various scope of communication.AcknowledgementsList here those individuals who provided help during the research; Identify grants or other financial support (and the source, if appropriate) for your study.Guest editors’ biographyA. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Herman, S.Pd., M.Pd.Herman is an Associate Professor and a lecturer at Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar, Indonesia. He completed his studying from Doctoral degree from Universitas Negeri Medan in 2020. His interest in reading and writing. His majorities are applied linguistics, linguistics (including discourse analysis, multimodal analysis) and Education B. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Drs. Ridwin Purba, M.Pd., M.DivRidwin Purba is a senior lecturer in Universitas Simalungun, Indonesia. He has been teaching there since 1987 and as a senior lecturer. He completed his studying of Doctoral degree in 2022. He is interested in the scope of linguistics (including sociolinguistics, ecolinguistics) and some applied linguistics C. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Dra. Magdalena Ngongo, M.Pd.Magdalena Ngongo has been a lecturer of English teaching at Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana in Kupang since 1987. She is an associate professor. She has a backgraound of educational research in linguistics including culture, ecology of language, and systemic functional linguistics. Besides doing research, she also wrote some books relating to some educational research methods.MembersProf. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D., Universitas Negeri Medan, IndonesiaAssoc. Prof. Dr. Anita Purba, M.Hum., Universitas Simalungun, IndonesiaAssoc. Prof. Nguyen Van Thao, Hanoi Pedagogical University 2, VietnamAssoc. Prof. Dr. Bloner Sinurat, M.Hum., Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar, IndonesiaDumaris E. Silalahi, S.Pd., M.Pd., Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar, IndonesiaMartin Yehezkiel Sianipar, S.E., M.Si., STIE Sultan Agung, IndonesiaProf. Dr. Sanggam Siahaan, M.Hum., Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar, Indonesia
Identifying the Speech Errors in a Talkshow From a Podcast: A Case on Speech Disfluency
Authors: Sihombing Partohap Saut Raja , Silalahi Dumaris E. , Girsang Semaria Eva Elita , Saputra Nanda , Purba Ridwin , Sinaga Yanti Kristina
Published: March 2023

This study used a psycholinguistic approach and concentrated on speech disfluency in an Ellen Degeneres podcast. The goal of this study was to identify the most prevalent type of speech disfluency used in the Ellen Degeneres podcast by analyzing different types of speech disfluency. Because the data were gathered from documents, the research method was descriptive qualitative research with content analysis. The researchers chooses Podcast to air on July 3, 2021 with a duration of 31 minutes 45 seconds. The theory of speech disfluency by Clark and Clark (1977) was used to analyze the speech disfluency. The analysis revealed 77 speech inflections in Ellen Degeneres' Talk Show, including: Silent pauses (1%) and filled pauses (35%) as well as repetitions (10%), false starts (1%) and false starts (retraced) (0%), corrections (14%) and stutters (6%). Ellen Degeneres' filled pauses were the most prevalent type of speech disfluency in "Ellen Degeneres Explains Why She's Ending Her Show". Filled pauses used by speaker in "Ellen Degeneres Explains Why She’s Ending Her Show" to occurs because there is a pause to continue the words that will be spoken carefully. So, the conversation become run well. In conclusion, with this research we must occurs because there is a pause to continue the words that will be spoken carefully.
Diagonal quartic surfaces with a Brauer–Manin obstruction
Authors: Santens Tim
Published: March 2023

In this paper we investigate the quantity of diagonal quartic surfaces $a_0 X_0^4 + a_1 X_1^4 + a_2 X_2^4 +a_3 X_3^4 = 0$ which have a Brauer–Manin obstruction to the Hasse principle. We are able to find an asymptotic formula for the quantity of such surfaces ordered by height. The proof uses a generalization of a method of Heath-Brown on sums over linked variables. We also show that there exists no uniform formula for a generic generator in this family.
An evolutionarily conserved pacemaker role for HCN ion channels in smooth muscle
Authors: Yang Lei , Arbona Rodolfo J. Ricart , Smith Carl S. , Banks Kelly M. , Thomas V. Kaye , Palmer Lawrence , Evans Todd , Hurtado Romulo
Published: March 2023

Although hyperpolarization‐activated cation (HCN) ion channels are well established to underlie cardiac pacemaker activity, their role in smooth muscle organs remains controversial. HCN‐expressing cells are localized to renal pelvic smooth muscle (RPSM) pacemaker tissues of the murine upper urinary tract and HCN channel conductance is required for peristalsis. To date, however, the Ih pacemaker current conducted by HCN channels has never been detected in these cells, raising questions on the identity of RPSM pacemakers. Indeed, the RPSM pacemaker mechanisms of the unique multicalyceal upper urinary tract exhibited by humans remains unknown. Here, we developed immunopanning purification protocols and demonstrate that 96% of isolated HCN+ cells exhibit Ih. Single‐molecule STORM to whole‐tissue imaging showed HCN+ cells express single HCN channels on their plasma membrane and integrate into the muscular syncytium. By contrast, PDGFR‐α+ cells exhibiting the morphology of ICC gut pacemakers were shown to be vascular mural cells. Translational studies in the homologous human and porcine multicalyceal upper urinary tracts showed that contractions and pacemaker depolarizations originate in proximal calyceal RPSM. Critically, HCN+ cells were shown to integrate into calyceal RPSM pacemaker tissues, and HCN channel block abolished electrical pacemaker activity and peristalsis of the multicalyceal upper urinary tract. Cumulatively, these studies demonstrate that HCN ion channels play a broad, evolutionarily conserved pacemaker role in both cardiac and smooth muscle organs and have implications for channelopathies as putative aetiologies of smooth muscle disorders.

image

Key points

Pacemakers trigger contractions of involuntary muscles. Hyperpolarization‐activated cation (HCN) ion channels underpin cardiac pacemaker activity, but their role in smooth muscle organs remains controversial.

Renal pelvic smooth muscle (RPSM) pacemakers trigger contractions that propel waste away from the kidney. HCN+ cells localize to murine RPSM pacemaker tissue and HCN channel conductance is required for peristalsis.

The HCN (Ih) current has never been detected in RPSM cells, raising doubt whether HCN+ cells are bona fide pacemakers. Moreover, the pacemaker mechanisms of the unique multicalyceal RPSM of higher order mammals remains unknown.

In total, 97% of purified HCN+ RPSM cells exhibit Ih. HCN+ cells integrate into the RPSM musculature, and pacemaker tissue peristalsis is dependent on HCN channels. Translational studies in human and swine demonstrate HCN channels are conserved in the multicalyceal RPSM and that HCN channels underlie pacemaker activity that drives peristalsis.

These studies provide insight into putative channelopathies that can underlie smooth muscle dysfunction.
A Particle Finite Element Method for Additive Manufacturing Simulations
Authors: Zhang Daobo , Rodriguez J. M. , Ye Xialong , Müller Ralf
Published: March 2023

In this work, the particle finite element method (PFEM) is extended to simulate additive manufacturing processes in a variety of different complicated geometries. A three-dimensional α-shape approach is used to carry out the material addition procedure. It overcomes the limitation of merely employing the traditional element birth and death technique and reduces the degrees-of-freedom compared to this technique. Furthermore, numerical examples are used to evaluate and demonstrate the applicability of the PFEM method for additive manufacturing within the framework of a weakly coupled thermoelasticity formulation. During additive manufacturing operations, deflections, stresses, and temperature are computed using a user-defined implementation in FEniCS.
Pose-Dependent Cutting Force Identification for Robotic Milling
Authors: Hou Maxiao , Cao Hongrui , Luo Yang , Guo Yanjie
Published: March 2023

Cutting force identification is critical to improving industrial robot performance and reducing machining vibration. However, most indirect identification methods of cutting force are not applicable since the modal parameters of the robotic milling system vary with the robot pose. This paper presents a novel pose-dependent method to identify the cutting force using the acceleration signal generated by robotic milling. First, the modal parameters at different machining points are employed as a training dataset to develop the Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model. Next, the modal parameters predicted by the GPR model are employed to optimize the cutting force estimation based on the minimum variance unbiased estimate method. Then, the Kalman filter method is employed to update the covariance matrix of the cutting force identification error and the state estimation error. Lastly, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified with robotic milling experiments, and the results show that the identification error and time are acceptable under the condition of variable robot pose.