bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ugo Monneret de Villard (1881–1954) and the Establishment of Islamic Art Studies in Italy
Authors: Armando Silvia
Published: December 2018

Ugo Monneret de Villard was the main Italian scholar of Islamic art in the twentieth century. Where and why did this engineer from Milan start cultivating this interest? How did his work come to be appreciated at the highest academic levels? This article delineates Monneret’s long training through an examination of his readings and writings, travels, and exchanges with other scholars, all of which influenced his working methodology, leading him to archaeological missions in Africa and predisposing his discovery of Islamic art. 

A fundamental focus is given to the idea of studying Islamic art objects and monuments in Italy. Unpublished archival sources reveal that in the mid-1930s Monneret was the essential point of reference of a group of intellectuals, distant from the academic Scienza ufficiale, whose intention was to promote the study of Islamic art in Italy. These intellectuals had the double goal of instituting a chair of Islamic art and of preserving the Islamic artistic heritage of southern Italy. Newly discovered documents reveal the early civic engagement and nature of a project that manifested itself years later in Monneret’s catalogue “Opere di arte islamica in Italia,” unfortunately still unpublished.  

The missed opportunity of creating an academic post demonstrates the scant attention given to the discipline by Italian public institutions. On the other hand, Monneret’s original interest in the Cappella Palatina ceilings is seen to be part of his broader project. A fresh look at already known sources allows us to reconstruct the editorial phases of Monneret’s masterpiece and discloses the fundamental role played by American institutions and scholars.  

Monneret de Villard’s multifaceted scientific profile is the “lens” through which it is possible to examine the history of Islamic art studies in Italy in the first half of the twentieth century.
Presenting Vaṣṣāl Kalender’s Works: The Prefaces of Three Ottoman Albums
Authors: Bağcı Serpil
Published: December 2018

Kalender Pasha (d. 1616), an Ottoman artist-cum-statesman, was a renowned paper joiner (vaṣṣāl). He assembled two albums and compiled a Falnāma (Book of Omens) for Sultan Ahmed I (r. 1603–17). Among these, only one of the albums consisted of calligraphies and images provided by the sultan himself, while the others were assembled from works chosen by Kalender, probably from his personal collection. Composed of diverse contents and for varied purposes but in nearly identical format, the albums reflect Kalender’s own style and approach to album designing. These three volumes, which have approximately identical dimensions, contain prefaces that are directly related to their contents and are all, save one, authored by Kalender himself. The prefaces, or presentation texts, addressed to Sultan Ahmed I, drew on the Safavid tradition of album prefaces, although they contextually diverge from them. They provide invaluable information on the relationship between an Ottoman album-compiler and his work, as well as on the artistic identity of Kalender. This essay introduces these particular interrelated works and attempts to analyze the prefaces in relation to the included items, their purpose, and the patron of the albums. Appendices by Wheeler M. Thackston provide the transliterations of the texts of two album prefaces, as well as translations into English.
Immigrant Narratives: The Ottoman Sultans’ Portraits in Elisabeth Leitner’s Family Photo Album, circa 1862–72
Authors: Avcıoğlu Nebahat
Published: December 2018

This article is a study of the family photo album of Elisabeth Leitner (ca. 1842?–1908), a Hungarian immigrant in the Ottoman empire. The album contains a complete set of cartes de visite portraits of the Ottoman sultans by the Abdullah Frères. As the only surviving example of such a collection with a known provenance, it provides a rare opportunity for understanding how such images were used in the context of identity formation and social mobility undertaken by a member of the immigrant population. The album, which has never been studied before, is also a fascinating source for investigating the history of Hungarian immigrants in the Ottoman empire who were displaced after the 1848 Revolution. The article approaches the intriguingly autobiographical album by means of a close reading of Elisabeth Leitner’s diaries and unfinished autobiography. My interpretation serves to dismantle notions of a carefree global cosmopolitanism and exposes a historiographical bias that privileges men and their collections of images and ethnographic artifacts over those of women. Elisabeth Leitner’s writings and photographic collection also represent a vast and entirely untapped resource for investigating cultural contacts between Europe and the Ottoman empire in the second half of the nineteenth century.
The Shahi ʿIdgah of 1312 at Rapri (Uttar Pradesh): A Landmark in Indian Glazed Tiles
Authors: Porter Yves
Published: December 2018

The Shahi ʿIdgah at Rapri (Uttar Pradesh), which dates to 1312, was built by Malik Kafur, the general of the Delhi sultan ʿAla⁠ʾuddin Khalji (1296–1316). The village of Rapri was part of Malik Kafur’s fief and an important station for the army, as it commanded a ford on the Yamuna River. ʿĪdgāhs, sometimes translated as “wall-mosques,” are extra-urban, open prayer spaces for accommodating large congregations during the two main religious festivals (ʿīds). The Rapri ʿīdgāh constitutes a major landmark in the architecture of the Delhi Sultanate, mainly because of its exceptional decoration of turquoise-glazed tiles, the oldest example of its kind still in situ. Although often considered a technique that originated in the Iranian domains, the making of glazed tiles was already known in the Kushan period (first to fourth century CE), and some findings have been excavated from Buddhist contexts in the nearby Mathura region. This study shows the link between the tiles of Rapri and later fourteenth century examples, and with glazed pottery.
A Preliminary Study of a Nineteenth-Century Persian Manuscript on Porcelain Manufacture in the Sipahsalar Library, Tehran
Authors: Matin Mehran , Matin Moujan
Published: December 2018

The Risāla dar tafṣīl-i sākhtan-i chīnī (A Treatise on Porcelain Manufacture) is a Qajar-period manuscript in Persian, housed at the Sipahsalar Library in Tehran. It is the only known source that details the modern technology of porcelain production in the Qajar era (1789–1925). According to the information in the colophon, the scribe, Masih ibn Muhammad Baqir al-Firuzabadi, completed the manuscript in the year 1284 (1868). The text mentions that it is the translation of a French work, but no further reference to the original book is given. The purpose of this essay is to introduce and review the Persian manuscript, to reveal its relation to the three-volume Traité des arts céramiques ou des poteries (Treatise on Ceramic Arts or Potteries) by Alexandre Brongniart, a nineteenth-century scientist and director of the Sèvres Porcelain Factory, and to underline its importance to the history of art and technology in Qajar Iran.
Investment Protection of Commercial Activities in Space: Treaties, Contracts, Licenses, Insurance, Arbitration
Authors: Malanczuk Peter
Published: December 2018

The article focuses on the protection of foreign investment against political risk in the host state regarding commercial activities in outer space, an area not subject to national appropriation and sovereignty. The general space treaty and national legal frameworks for such activities fail to address the needs of private space enterprises. Under international investment law, commercial space activities generally meet common subject matter scope definitions of ‘investment’ and ‘investor’ in investment treaties. But foreign acquisitions in the space industry may affect national security interests of the host state and be limited as a sector for foreign investment. Moreover, as investment treaties generally cover an investment only if it is made in the territory of the host state, uncertainties may arise as to whether activities and assets of space enterprises in outer space are covered.
早期漢語言文學研究中的漢字釋讀方法新探
Authors: Hill Nathan W.
Published: December 2018

提要

本文綜述以楷書轉寫早期文獻的過時做法中的常見錯誤，並提出將漢字承載的音義信息譯解為羅馬字母的直接釋讀漢字的方法。
An introduction to the tonogenesis triggered by breathy voice: 對舟曲藏語超音段音素的新見解——被氣聲引起的聲調發生論
Authors: Suzuki Hiroyuki
Published: December 2018

提要

分佈在甘肅省甘南州的一個獨立藏語方言群舟曲藏語在以往研究中被認為是個具有聲調對立的語言。但本文指出此藏語尚未有音高對立,并僅有以氣聲發聲態為主的超音段特徵,而且氣聲也還沒成為音系對立中的一部份而是個喉擦音/ɦ/的語音變體。本文討論舟曲藏語之兩個土話,即拱壩話及八楞話,其中氣聲在拱壩話比八楞話出現得更明顯。此差異源於/ɦ/在音系上的功能程度之別。
Exploration on the Orignal Meaning of “Temperament” by the Theory of Words’ Value (以詞的價值理論探求“脾氣”之本義)
Authors: Nkrumah (晴朗) Bright , Huang (黃耀明) Yaoming
Published: December 2018

The original meaning of “temperament” 脾氣 was explained with “the function of spleen” or “the disease of spleen” by the previous scholars is wrong and the explanation of “the Qi 氣 of spleen” is ambiguous. The earliest record about the word of “temperament” 脾氣 comes from the Historical Records 史記, and this book belongs to the language system of the Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine 黃帝內經. By the Theory of Words’ Value, after analyzing the 593 words or phrases of including “Qi” 氣 in the Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine 黃帝內經, the orignal meaning of “Qi” 氣 and “temperament” 脾氣 is inferred. Finally, this paper concludes that the orignal meaning of “temperament” is an essence and a tiny particle which produced by the water and food in the spleen and stomach, and has the functions of maintaining the physiological activities of the spleen, nourishing the body and resisting diseases.

前人辭書將“脾氣”本義釋爲“脾的功能”“脾臟之病”有誤，而釋爲“脾的精氣”則表述模糊。“脾氣”最早見於《史記》，其文與《黃帝內經》屬同一系統。根據詞的價值理論分析《黃帝內經》593條含“氣”詞目，據以推測其“氣”“脾氣”的本義。結果表明：“脾氣”本義爲由脾胃中的水穀產生的，具有維持脾臟生理活動、滋養人體、抵禦病邪等功能的精微物質。
The Original Character of tan3 in Southern Min (閩南語 tan3（投擲；丟棄）本字考)
Authors: Teng (滕暢) Chang
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we find the original character of ‘tan3’ which means throwing or casting off in Southern Min. In the first section, we review the ways of the traditional writing characters in Southern Min and then we put forward our argument. In section 2, we list the possible cognates in Leizhou Min, Hakka, Cantonese, Xiang, Gan, Wu, Jin and Chinese Mandarin. We explain the reason from the aspect of sound correspondence and sound change for the above possible cognates and find the meaning ‘hit’ of it. In section 3, we present a detailed analysis of the potential original character and cite a lot of example sentences as evidences. Then we prove that the potential original character has the meaning ‘hit’ by the study on the word family of it. In section 4, we find that the original character of ‘tiŋ3’ in Southern Min which means hitting is the same as the original character of ‘tan3’. We also list some other characters which have the meaning ‘throw’ in Southern Min in order to prove the argument. In the last section, we rethink the reasons why we can find the original character of ‘tan3’ in Southern Min.

本文考出閩南語中表達「投擲；丟棄」之義的tan3的本字為「打」。本文在第1節中首先回顧了閩南語tan3的常見寫法並逐一討論，再提出本文論點；在第2節中列出其在閩南雷州方言、客方言、粵方言、湘方言、贛方言、吳方言、晉方言、官話中可能的同源詞，一方面證明「釘」字與該詞素音讀吻合、而「打」字僅存在聲調上的差異，另一方面發現這一可能的同源詞在方言間除「投擲」義外另有「擊打」義；在第3節中首先回顧「丁」詞族的「釘」「打」二字在古文獻中的用法，從中發現「打」字表示「擊打」「擲擊」義的例證，進而釐清「打」字「擊打——擲擊——投擲」的語義發展脈絡，以此證明論點；在第4節中敘述「釘」字在閩南語中的用法，分析並證明「孤對tiŋ3」「tiŋ3孤枝」兩詞中tiŋ3的本字亦為「打」，此外還通過閩南語中其它表示「投擲」之義的語詞「掔」「揕」「㧒」等輔助論證；在第5節中提出一些反思。
Revision of the genus Polistes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) in the Philippine Islands
Authors: SELIS MARCO
Published: December 2018

A taxonomic study on the paper wasp genus Polistes Latreille, 1802 from the Philippine Islands is presented. Three new species of the subgenus Polistella Ashmead, 1904 are described: P. (P.) esperanzae sp. nov., P. (P.) flavitarsis sp. nov., and P. (P.) tenuipunctatus sp. nov.. Polistes (Gyrostoma) tenebricosus nigrosericans Bequaert, 1940 is raised to species rank (P. (G.) nigrosericans stat. nov.). The Philippine subspecies of P. (P.) stigma (Fabricius, 1793) are synonymized under the typical form (= P. stigma alagari Petersen, 1987 syn. nov., = P. stigma dubius de Saussure, 1867 syn. nov., = P. stigma manillensis de Saussure, 1854 syn. nov.), and P. (P.) philippinensis funebris Bequaert, 1940 is synonymized under P. (P.) philippinensis de Saussure, 1854. A key to species of the genus from the Philippine Islands and new distributional records are provided.
Characterization of interaction and ubiquitination of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase by E3 ligase UBR5
Authors: Shen Qingya , Qiu Zhiyu , Wu Wenping , Zheng Jimin , Jia Zongchao
Published: December 2018

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK1) is ubiquitinated by E3 ubiquitin ligase UBR5, which was thought to be facilitated by the acetylation of Lys70, Lys71 and Lys594 in PEPCK1. Here, we made a series of UBR5 HECT domain truncation variants and, through pull-down assay, showed that the N-terminal lobe of the UBR5 HECT domain is largely responsible for interacting with PEPCK1. We mutated all three lysine residues thought to be acetylated in PEPCK1 but were surprised to observe no loss of binding to UBR5 HECT domain. Furthermore, two PEPCK1 truncation variants (74-622 aa and 10-560 aa) lacking these lysine residues were still able to bind with UBR5 and ubiquitinated in HEK293T cells. To discover the ubiquitination site(s) of PEPCK1, which is currently unknown, the Lys residues of PEPCK1 were mutated to Ala and the ubiquitination level of the PEPCK1 mutants was assessed. Results revealed at least two ubiquitination sites (Lys243 and Lys342), which represent the first time that ubiquitination sites of PEPCK1 have been identified. Our pull-down experiments further show that the lack of ubiquitination of PEPCK1 Lys243Ala and Lys342Ala mutants is not due to their binding to UBR5, which remained unchanged. Taken together, our work has provided new insights into UBR5 mediated ubiquitination of PEPCK1.
The effects of organisational features on media attention for public organisations
Authors: Boon Jan , Salomonsen Heidi Houlberg , Verhoest Koen
Published: December 2018

This article seeks to explain the frequency and tone of media attention for public organisations. Expectations are formulated on the impact of fundamental organisational features on the frequency and tone of coverage of public organisations. A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) is used to analyse the nuanced interplay between legal independence, primary task and organisational size. The results show that this configurational approach is necessary to understand which public organisations appear in the media and how. Legal independence, task and size do not operate independently, but combine in explaining the media attention for public organisations.
Miradas y discursos: desde la atalaya de los medios a las voces de la prostitución en Ecuador
Authors: Puñal-Rama Belén , Tamarit Ana
Published: December 2018

Este artículo muestra a las trabajadoras sexuales del Ecuador como un colectivo con agencia y voz, organizado y consciente de sus derechos ciudadanos y comunicativos. Es una de las conclusiones alcanzadas a partir de una investigación que se inicia con un estudio de caso y que, en la actualidad, se está extendiendo a todo el país. A través de estas líneas, se propone una reflexión de doble sentido. Por un lado, acerca del uso de las metodologías participativas en los estudios sobre las representaciones sociales. Se han utilizado, para ello, los círculos de lectura crítica de medios. Por otro, sobre los resultados a los que se llega cuando las trabajadoras sexuales son sujetos y no sólo objetos de la investigación, cuando son ellas las que analizan y reflexionan sobre la imagen que los medios proyectan de ellas mismas. Los datos obtenidos confrontan las miradas y amplían los análisis que tradicionalmente se han hecho a los contenidos mediáticos. Se introducen claves novedosas y diferentes a las que se habían recogido en anteriores estudios sobre la representación de la prostitución en los medios, en los que las trabajadoras sexuales se limitaban a ser objeto pasivo de la investigación.
SCALE AND SERPENT TWO-GROUP CROSS-SECTION DATA GENERATION
Authors: Novák Ondřej , Frýbort Jan , Sklenka Lubomír , Rataj Jan , Chvála Ondřej
Published: December 2018

In this work, VVER fuel assembly is calculated using two different codes - Serpent and SCALE. Multiplication factor and several two-group macroscopic parameters including scattering cross-section, fission cross-section, total cross-section and diffusion coefficient were studied. In addition to this, fuel isotopic composition dependency on burnup was calculated as a part of this study. Obtained data are compared and differences are discussed. Both codes provides similar results for all studied parameters.
ADVANCED HOMOGENIZATION METHODS FOR PRESSURIZED WATER REACTORS
Authors: Suk Pavel
Published: December 2018

Macroscopic cross section generation is key part of core calculation. Commonly, the data are prepared independently without a knowledge of fuel loading pattern. The fuel assemblies are simulated in infinite lattice (with mirror boundary conditions). Rehomogenization method is based on combination of actual neutron flux in fuel assembly with macroscopic data from infinite lattice. Rehomogenization method was implemented into the macrocode Andrea and tested on a reference cases. Cases consist of fuel cases, cases with strong absorber, cases with absorption rods, or cases with reflector assemblies. Testing method is based on a comparisons of homogenized and rehomogenized macroscopic cross sections and later on a comparisons of relative power of each fuel assembly. Above that there is comparison of eigenvalue.
STUDY OF THERMAL CREEP OF COATED CLADDING MATERIALS
Authors: Ševeček Martin , Shirvan Koroush , Ballinger Ronald G.
Published: December 2018

Coated cladding materials are considered as a near-term concept for so-called Accident Tolerant Fuel materials. Their behavior in accidental conditions is mainly studied around the world, however, they need to survive in-reactor normal operation before reaching theoretical accidental conditions. An out-of-pile experiment was designed to study accelerated inward thermal creep and outward displacement of a cladding that occurs after pellet-cladding interaction. Four different materials deposited by the cold-spray technique were studied as well as the reference uncoated one. The results confirm theoretical prediction that due to a mismatch between the fundamental physical properties of each layer, high stresses will build up and the plastic strains expected will lead to coating cracking.
Reconstructive Habits: John Dewey on Human Functioning
Authors: Jaitner David
Published: December 2018

The academic strife to parse, investigate and adjust human functioning establishes varieties of at least three key concepts: behavior, action, activity. Depending on the general approach chosen, human functioning is therefore defined in a certain way and in a certain understanding of freedom. Within this paper, the pragmatist considerations of John Dewey (1859-1952) offer a sophisticatedly formulated theory of human functioning that, undoubtedly, takes action-theoretical paths but formulates underlying assumptions in a significantly unusual way. The main focus is to outline the theory in such a way that clearly shows the unusual as part of the usual and the usual as part of the unusual. For this purpose, the first section defines action as the basic category of Deweyan human functioning where sensory stimuli, registering elements and motor responses play a leading role, but according to Dewey questions the today still popular model of behaviorist psychology, that positions isolated and a-cultural stimulus-response-procedures in the human organism. The second section affirms the theoretical inclusion of deliberative elements that constitute human action, but according to Dewey witnesses their substantial and rather sporadic significance in a predominantly habitual human functioning. The conclusive section outlines the possibilities and limits of transforming habitually inured patterns of human conduct by means of reconstructive habits.
Gorgias and Isocrates’ Grave
Authors: Gemin Marco
Published: December 2018

Gorgias, the teacher of Isocrates, is rarely mentioned in Isocrates’ works and never in a flattering way. He is also presented, among other masters and poets, on Isocrates’ grave in a way that appears to be consistent with his pupil’s thought. Thus, the author of the iconographic plan of the grave may have been either Isocrates himself or someone who suffi­ciently knew his works and properly understood his tempestuous rela­tionship with his master.
Concentration of Polyphenolic Compounds from Grape Seed by Nanofiltration Technology
Authors: Li Cunyu , Ma Yun , Li Hongyang , Peng Guoping
Published: December 2018

In order to evaluate the applicability of nanofiltration (NF) polyphenols determined by total phenolic compounds content with application of Folin method in grape seed extract, response surface analysis methodology was used to analyze the concentration process with the indices of membrane fouling and antioxidant activity. In addition to the influencing factors of molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of NF membrane, procyanidin concentration and pH value, the evaluation index of procyanidin rejection was taken into account for the process optimization by Box-Behnken response surface method on the basis of single factor test. According to Box-Behnken central composite experiment design, the optimal conditions were obtained as follows: NF MWCO of 400 Da, 27.66 μg/mL procyanidins, and pH 5.20. The predicted rejection of procyanidins under the optimum conditions was 97.17% and the experimental value was 96.36 ± 0.87%, which was in accordance with the predicted value. The experimental value of total polyphenolic content (TPC) was 91.09 ± 0.46%. The antioxidant activity was increased about 2.24 times and the antioxidant activity was correlated with the procyanidin content. Moreover, it was easy to clean membrane fouling. The NF was an effective method for concentrating polyphenolic compounds from grape seed extracts without the loss of polyphenolic compounds. The agricultural product utilization was improved greatly and the power consumption was decreased by the NF technology.
Effect of Fiber-Optics Nonlinearities in Long Haul and Ultra-High Speed DWDM Optical Transmission Networks at 10, 40 and 100 Gb/s Ultra-High Speed Data Rates
Authors: Ali Farman , Khan Yousaf , Qureshi Shahryar Shafique , Ahmad Shabir , Waqas Muhammad
Published: December 2018

The impact of major nonlinearities in optical fiber such as SRR (Stimulated Raman Scattering) and Four Wave Maxing (FWM) in cascaded amplifier Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing optical long reach and high speed data rate transmission scheme have been investigated at different data rates. Pulse walk off effect is considered for the purpose of calculating Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) nonlinear factor. Examination has been accomplished to assess signal to noise ratio thinking about the consolidated impact of SRS and FWM within the sight of amplified spontaneous emission noise to achieve minutest noise at altered data rates.
Investigation on Pointing Error in Multi-Beam Free Space Optical Communication System
Authors: Jayabarathan Jayson K. , Robinson S.
Published: December 2018

Free space optical (FSO) communication has fascinated a lot of attention for a variety of applications in telecommunication area. It is dream of every researcher and telecommunication society to make it a real alternative solution for the last mile problem, to replace fiber optics. FSO is much favored because of its low maintenance cost and deployment time. Pointing error is one of the main challenges in FSO communication system which affects its performance especially at high data links that leads to significant performance degradation. In this paper, the impact of pointing error for multi-beam Hybrid Wavelength Division Multiplexing (HWDM) FSO system is investigated. Then the effect of link distance and Bit Error Rate (BER) are estimated by accounting the pointing error and atmospheric attenuation. The effect of change of link distance is examined while changing the number of beams between the transmitter and receiver as well. In this attempt, the HWDM system is considered by combining eight Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) channels and four Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) channels. In addition, the influences of BER and receiver sensitivity are analyzed for the proposed system by incorporating Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) at the receiver end. The data rate 2.5 Gbps is considered for both CWDM and DWDM channels for investigation.
Intraoperative biophotonic imaging systems for image-guided interventions
Authors: Sajedi Salar , Sabet Hamid , Choi Hak Soo
Published: December 2018

Biophotonic imaging has revolutionized the operation room by providing surgeons intraoperative image-guidance to diagnose tumors more efficiently and to resect tumors with real-time image navigation. Among many medical imaging modalities, near-infrared (NIR) light is ideal for image-guided surgery because it penetrates relatively deeply into living tissue, while nuclear imaging provides quantitative and unlimited depth information. It is therefore ideal to develop an integrated imaging system by combining NIR fluorescence and gamma-positron imaging to provide surgeons with highly sensitive and quantitative detection of diseases, such as cancer, in real-time without changing the look of the surgical field. The focus of this review is to provide recent progress in intraoperative biophotonic imaging systems, NIR fluorescence imaging and intraoperative nuclear imaging devices, and their future perspectives for image-guided interventions.
Magnetic hot-spot generation at optical frequencies: from plasmonic metamolecules to all-dielectric nanoclusters
Authors: Calandrini Eugenio , Cerea Andrea , De Angelis Francesco , Zaccaria Remo Proietti , Toma Andrea
Published: December 2018

The weakness of magnetic effects at optical frequencies is directly related to the lack of symmetry between electric and magnetic charges. Natural materials cease to exhibit appreciable magnetic phenomena at rather low frequencies and become unemployable for practical applications in optics. For this reason, historically important efforts were spent in the development of artificial materials. The first evidence in this direction was provided by split-ring resonators in the microwave range. However, the efficient scaling of these devices towards the optical frequencies has been prevented by the strong ohmic losses suffered by circulating currents. With all of these considerations, artificial optical magnetism has become an active topic of research, and particular attention has been devoted to tailor plasmonic metamolecules generating magnetic hot spots. Several routes have been proposed in these directions, leading, for example, to plasmon hybridization in 3D complex structures or Fano-like magnetic resonances. Concurrently, with the aim of electromagnetic manipulation at the nanoscale and in order to overcome the critical issue of heat dissipation, alternative strategies have been introduced and investigated. All-dielectric nanoparticles made of high-index semiconducting materials have been proposed, as they can support both magnetic and electric Mie resonances. Aside from their important role in fundamental physics, magnetic resonances also provide a new degree of freedom for nanostructured systems, which can trigger unconventional nanophotonic processes, such as nonlinear effects or electromagnetic field localization for enhanced spectroscopy and optical trapping.
Animacy Distinctions Arise from Iterated Learning
Authors: Vihman Virve-Anneli , Nelson Diane , Kirby Simon
Published: December 2018

Linguistic animacy reflects a particular construal of biological distinctions encountered in the world, passed through cultural and cognitive filters. This study explores the process by which our construal of animacy becomes encoded in the grammars of human languages. We ran an iterated learning experiment investigating the effect of animacy on language transmission. Participants engaged in a simple artificial language learning task in which they were asked to learn which affix was assigned to each noun in the language. Though initially random, the language each participant produced at test became the language that the subsequent participant in a chain was trained on. Results of the experiment were analysed in terms of learnability, measured through the accuracy of responses, and structure, using an entropy measure. We found that the learnability of languages increased over generations, as expected, but entropy did not decrease. Languages did not become formally simpler over time. Instead, structure emerged through a reorganisation of noun classes around animacy-based categories. The use of semantic animacy distinctions allowed languages to retain morphological complexity while becoming more learnable. Our study shows that grammatical reflexes of animacy distinctions can arise out of learning alone, and that structuring grammar based on animacy can make languages more learnable.
Minimal Sartre: Diagonalization and Pure Reflection
Authors: Bova John
Published: December 2018

These remarks take up the reflexive problematics of Being and Nothingness and related texts from a metalogical perspective. A mutually illuminating translation is posited between, on the one hand, Sartre’s theory of pure reflection, the linchpin of the works of Sartre’s early period and the site of their greatest difficulties, and, on the other hand, the quasi-formalism of diagonalization, the engine of the classical theorems of Cantor, Godel, Tarski, Turing, etc. Surprisingly, the dialectic of mathematical logic from its inception through the discovery of the diagonal theorems can be recognized as a particularly clear instance of the drama of reflection according to Sartre, especially in the positing and overcoming of its proper valueideal, viz. the synthesis of consistency and completeness. Conversely, this translation solves a number of systematic problems about pure reflection’s relations to accessory reflection, phenomenological reflection, pre-reflective self-consciousness, conversion, and value. Negative foundations, the metaphysical position emerging from this translation between existential philosophy and metalogic, concurs by different paths with Badiou’s Being and Event in rejecting both ontotheological foundationalisms and constructivist antifoundationalisms.
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques for the characterisation of organic materials in works of art
Authors: Sutherland Ken
Published: December 2018

The power of GC/MS to resolve, characterise and quantify complex mixtures of organic compounds with high sensitivity has made it an indispensable analytical tool to address detailed questions about the chemical constituents of works of art. This paper provides an overview of the technique and its particular suitability to material studies of art and historical artefacts, and reviews its diverse research applications concerning the organic composition of artists’ and conservation materials. Options with regard to sample preparation by chemical derivatisation, pyrolysis techniques, and methods for the analysis of volatile organic compounds are discussed, as well as various approaches to the treatment and interpretation of data. The greatest value is gained from GC/MS when it is used as a complementary technique, informed by and in synergy with other methods of analysis.
Nach dem Helsinki Gipfel – trübe Aussichten für eine Verbesserung der russisch-amerikanischen Beziehungen
Authors: Adomeit Hannes
Published: December 2018

Kurzfassung

Am 18. Juli 2018 fand in Helsinki ein Gipfeltreffen zwischen Präsident Donald Trump und dem russischen Präsidenten Vladimir Putin statt. Die vorliegende Untersuchung geht der Frage nach, ob die Idee des amerikanischen Präsidenten, mit Hilfe von Charme und Überredungskünsten im Vieraugengespräch mit dem Kreml-Chef einen Durchbruch oder zumindest eine merkliche Verbesserung im russisch-amerikanischen Verhältnis zu erzielen, von Erfolg gekrönt war. Sie kommt zum Ergebnis, dass das Treffen nicht nur zu keinem Neustart und dem Beginn einer möglichen Bereinigung der Beziehungen beigetragen hat, sondern eher zu ihrer Verschlechterung. Die Gründe dafür lägen einerseits im Fehlen eines kohärenten Ansatzes Washingtons in der Politik gegenüber Moskau und andererseits an der Intransigenz der russischen Regierung, die den amerikanischen Präsidenten eher als Instrument zur Einschränkung der Handlungsfähigkeit der USA ansieht, denn als kompetenten Verhandlungspartner, mit dem eine Lösung der angehäuften Probleme in einer für beide Seiten akzeptablen Weise erfolgen könnte.
Conciliando antropologia e arqueologia para uma abordagem dos processos de reconciliação e reparação dos povos indígenas
Authors: Machado Clarisse Drummond Martins , Oliveira Frederico
Published: December 2018

Neste artigo defendo a conciliação da antropologia e da arqueologia em prol de uma mais completa compreensão e abordagem dos processos voltados à "reconciliação" e à "reparação" dos povos indígenas no Brasil e no Canadá e esboço os motivos que me levaram a considerar a reaproximação destes dois campos, hoje um tanto quanto distanciados, como vantajosa para atrair o interesse dos jovens e aumentar a colaboração participativa dos indígenas nestas pesquisas.
Editorial Vol 18. N. 2 - Reposicionando o ‘periférico’ na Antropologia: trocando olhares sobre problemas sociais indígenas no Brasil e no Canadá
Authors: Axt Gunter , Vergara Cerqueira Fábio , Prati dos Santos Eloína , Vandresen Monique , Teófilo da Silva Cristhian , De Oliveira Frederico
Published: December 2018

A ABECAN tem satisfação de apresentar o volume 18, número 2 (29º fascículo) da Interfaces Brasil/Canadá, Revista Brasileira de Estudos Canadenses. A edição tem sido viabilizada por meio de uma parceria com o Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), com o Centro de Artes da Universidade Estadual de Santa Catarina (UDESC) e com o Núcleo de Estudos das Diversidades, Intolerâncias e Conflitos, da Universidade de São Paulo (USP).O número que se apresenta aos leitores é dedicado ao dossiê Reposicionando o ‘periférico’ na Antropologia: trocando olhares sobre problemas sociais indígenas no Brasil e no Canadá, organizado pelos professores Cristhian Teófilo da Silva, da Universidade de Brasília, e Frederico de Oliveira, da Lakehead University, Canadá, que comentarão a proposta com mais vagar a seguir. Além disso, na seção de fluxo contínuo Estudos Literários e Culturais, contamos com um artigo do filósofo Erik Bordereau, sobre o conceito de imediação em Bergson, traduzido para o português por Bianca Scliar e Amanda Góis. Na seção de resenhas e entrevistas, Fábio Vergara Cerqueira e Guilherme Stefan entrevistam Jabr Omar, professor de Economia da UFPel que vive entre o Brasil e o Canadá. Rubelise da Cunha entrevista ainda o escritor indígena, jornalista e diretor de filmes Drew Hayden Taylor. Eloína Prati dos Santos nos oferece uma resenha do livro de Reinaldo José Lopes, O Brasil antes de Cabral. Finalmente, Zila Bernd resenha a obra de Robert Dion, Des fictions sans fiction ou le partage du réel.
Projeto saúde mental brincando em família: caracterizando sociodemograficamente crianças cardiopatas hospitalizadas e familiares
Authors: Rodrigues Everaldino Santana , Dejo Vânia Nora Bustamante , Santos Letícia Marques , Santos Darci Neves , Cortes Helena Moraes
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico e de morbidade da clientela assistida, bem como os fatores associados com a qualidade do atendimento psicológico realizado entre janeiro e dezembro de 2013. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo exploratório, com 357 crianças e seus familiares, no Hospital Ana Nery em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Resultados: a maioria das crianças era do sexo masculino, pardas ou negras e com idade média de cinco anos. Verificou-se que aspectos relativos aos familiares, assim como o local onde ocorreram as sessões, influenciaram na qualidade das interações estabelecidas entre familiares e acolhedores do projeto. Conclusões: essa forma de cuidar demonstra a importância de incluir aspectos psicossociais capazes de ampliar as estratégias de cuidado para além do enfoque clínico, contribuindo para promoção e reabilitação em saúde mental.
Datafication and Spatial Visualization in Nineteenth-Century Census Statistics
Authors: Von Oertzen Christine
Published: December 2018

This essay argues that the explosion of visual graphics in nineteenth-century population statistics was closely linked to a shift in statistical epistemologies and practices of data collection. Taking German census statistics as a case in point, I illuminate concepts and practices that referred to data as a category of the here and now, enabling spatial representations of current phenomena. I argue that seeing and abstracting the world as data opened new avenues not only for producing tables with multiple variables, but also for forging such refined results into graphical visualizations of data. These in turn made empirical relationships in the social order evident and thus modifiable through intervention and reform. This essay is part of a special issue entitled Histories of Data and the Database edited by Soraya de Chadarevian and Theodore M. Porter.
The National Data Center and the Rise of the Data Double
Authors: Bouk Dan
Published: December 2018

A mid-1960s proposal to create a National Data Center has long been recognized as a turning point in the history of privacy and surveillance. This article shows that the story of the center also demonstrates how bureaucrats and researchers interested in managing the American economy came to value personal data stored as “data doubles,” especially the cards and files generated to represent individuals within the Social Security bureaucracy. The article argues that the United States welfare state, modeled after corporate life insurance, created vast databanks of data doubles that later became attractive to economic researchers and government planners. This story can be understood as helping to usher in our present age of personal data, one in which data doubles have become not only commodities, but the basis for a new capitalism. This essay is part of a special issue entitled Histories of Data and the Database edited by Soraya de Chadarevian and Theodore M. Porter.
Replication of newly proposed TNM staging system for medullary thyroid carcinoma: a nationwide study
Authors: Mathiesen Jes Sloth , Kroustrup Jens Peter , Vestergaard Peter , Poulsen Per Løgstrup , Rasmussen Åse Krogh , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla , Schytte Sten , Londero Stefano Christian , Pedersen Henrik Baymler , Hahn Christoffer Holst , Bentzen Jens , Möller Sören , Gaustadnes Mette , Rossing Maria , Nielsen Finn Cilius , Brixen Kim , Godballe Christian , _ _
Published: December 2018

A recent study proposed new TNM groupings for better survival discrimination among stage groups for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and validated these groupings in a population-based cohort in the United States. However, it is unknown how well the groupings perform in populations outside the United States. Consequently, we conducted the first population-based study aiming to evaluate if the recently proposed TNM groupings provide better survival discrimination than the current American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system (seventh and eighth edition) in a nationwide MTC cohort outside the United States. This retrospective cohort study included 191 patients identified from the nationwide Danish MTC cohort between 1997 and 2014. In multivariate analysis, hazard ratios for overall survival under the current AJCC TNM staging system vs the proposed TNM groupings with stage I as reference were 1.32 (95% CI: 0.38–4.57) vs 3.04 (95% CI: 1.38–6.67) for stage II, 2.06 (95% CI: 0.45–9.39) vs 3.59 (95% CI: 1.61–8.03) for stage III and 5.87 (95% CI: 2.02–17.01) vs 59.26 (20.53–171.02) for stage IV. The newly proposed TNM groupings appear to provide better survival discrimination in the nationwide Danish MTC cohort than the current AJCC TNM staging. Adaption of the proposed TNM groupings by the current AJCC TNM staging system may potentially improve accurateness in survival discrimination. However, before such an adaption further population-based studies securing external validity are needed.
Evaluación de viabilidad de semillas de 17 especies tropicales altoandinas por la prueba de germinación y la prueba de tetrazolio
Authors: Mancipe-Murillo Carolina , Calderón-Hernández Manuela , Pérez-Martínez Laura Victoria
Published: December 2018

La viabilidad denota el potencial que tiene una semilla para germinar, la cual está ligada al éxito o fracaso reproductivo de las poblaciones y de esta manera es una de las primeras variables a evaluar cuando se trabaja con semillas. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar el mejor método para evaluar la viabilidad en 17 especies altoandinas; se comparó la viabilidad mediante dos pruebas: Tetrazolio, para la cual se probaron variaciones de concentración, acondicionamiento y tiempo de exposición; y germinación, que se trabajó bajo condiciones controladas a 20/10 °C, fotoperiodo y termoperiodo de 12 horas. Se utilizó la prueba Kruskal- Wallis para evaluar diferencias. Se encontraron diferencias en el valor de viabilidad entre las pruebas. En 11 especies se recomienda la prueba de Tetrazolio, donde la mejor condición de evaluación fue [1-1,5 %] TZ, 40 °C y 24 horas de exposición. En Puya, Hypericum y Gaultheria la prueba de germinación fue mejor para evaluar la viabilidad. La comparación de las pruebas permitió detectar la presencia de dormancia en algunas especies donde se evidenció una alta viabilidad pero baja germinación. Los resultados permitieron determinar el método más confiable para evaluar la viabilidad en las diferentes especies, aportar información sobre sus requerimientos germinativos y potencial para la propagación sexual, así como detectar la posible presencia de dormancia y la necesidad de profundizar en la evaluación de los métodos de ruptura que permitan aumentar los porcentajes de germinación en algunas de las especies.
KÊNH DẪN TRUYỀN NA+ CỔNG ĐIỆN ÁP (NaV) VÀ TÍNH KHÁNG THUỐC DIỆT CÔN TRÙNG Ở MUỖI TRUYỀN BỆNH SỐT XUẤT HUYẾT
Authors: Liên Nguyễn Thị Kim , Bình Nguyễn Thị Hương
Published: December 2018

Bệnh sốt xuất huyết là bệnh truyền nhiễm cấp tính, có thể gây thành dịch lớn và có tỷ lệ tử vong cao. Bệnh lưu hành trên hơn 100 quốc gia trên thế giới ở hầu hết các châu lục. Sốt xuất huyết được lây truyền qua vector trung gian là muỗi Aedes (Aedes aegypti và Aedes albopictus). Việc kiểm soát vector truyền bệnh đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc ngăn ngừa sự bùng phát của dịch. Trong các biện pháp kiểm soát vector truyền bệnh, việc sử dụng thuốc diệt côn trùng đã mang lại những hiệu quả đáng kể và thuốc diệt côn trùng được sử dụng rộng rãi hiện nay thuộc nhóm pyrethroid. Các hóa chất thuộc nhóm pyrethroid chủ yếu tác động lên côn trùng thông qua các thụ thể trên kênh dẫn truyền Na+ của các neuron thần kinh ở côn trùng. Pyrethroid cản trở sự ngừng hoạt động của kênh dẫn truyền, kết quả là kênh K+ mở trong thời gian dài làm gián đoạn tín hiệu điện trong hệ thống thần kinh, làm mất khả năng bay của côn trùng. Tuy nhiên, khả năng kháng thuốc ở côn trùng trong đó có muỗi đang khiến cho hiệu quả của thuốc diệt côn trùng bị giảm đi. Khả năng kháng thuốc được xác định là do các đột biến trên gen mã hóa cho kênh dẫn truyền Na+ (voltage-gated sodium channel – VGSC). Cho đến nay, rất nhiều đột biến đã được xác định có liên quan đến tính kháng ở các quần thể muỗi Aedes. Thêm vào đó, tần xuất của các đột biến trên gen VGSC ở các quần thể muỗi khác nhau có sự khác biệt rất lớn. Vì vậy, nghiên cứu tính kháng thuốc diệt ở muỗi Aedes sẽ giúp cho việc kiểm soát tốt đối với vector truyền bệnh sốt xuất huyết.
THIẾT KẾ CẤU TRÚC NHẰM TĂNG CƯỜNG BIỂU HIỆN GEN MÃ HÓA PEROXIDASE Ở CÂY DỪA CẠN (CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS (L.) G. Don) CHUYỂN GEN
Authors: Hà Bùi Thị , Nhâm Đào Thị , Anh Hoàng Ngọc , Tường Hồ Mạnh , Sơn Lê Văn , Tâm Nguyễn Thị , Mậu Chu Hoàng
Published: December 2018

Dừa cạn (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don) là loài cây dược liệu qu. có khả năng sản xuất alkaloid có giá trị dược liệu cao, trong đó vinblastine và vincristine có tác dụng điều trị ung thư máu, tuy nhiên hàm lượng vinblastine và vincristine trong cây dừa cạn rất thấp. Peroxidase là enzyme chìa khóa trong con đường sinh tổng hợp các terpenoid alkaloid indole (TIA) ở cây dừa cạn, có chức năng xúc tác trong phản ứng tạo tiền chất cho sự tổng hợp vinblastine và vincristine. Nghiên cứu biểu hiện mạnh gen mã hóa peroxidase (CrPrx) để tăng cường hoạt động của peroxidase nhằm cải thiện hàm lượng vinblastine và vincristine trong cây dừa cạn được chúng tôi quan tâm. Trong bài báo này chúng tôi trình bày kết quả thiết kế vector chuyển gen chứa cấu trúc mang gen CrPrx phân lập từ cây dừa cạn. Vector chuyển gen pBI121-CrPrx được thiết kế từ kỹ thuật thu nhận gen CrPrx từ vector tái tổ hợp pBT-CrPrx, tạo vector tái tổ hợp pRTRA7/3-CrPrx, thu nhận cấu trúc CrPrxcmyc- KDEL, ghép nối tạo vector chuyển gen pBI121-CrPrx. Vector chuyển gen pBI121-CrPrx được dòng hóa trong A. tumefaciens và lây nhiễm vào dừa cạn qua nách lá mầm. Trong 666 mẫu biến nạp có 197 mẫu tạo chồi, 65 mẫu có chồi kéo dài trên môi trường chọn lọc bằng kháng sinh kanamycin, thu được 15 cây T0 phát triển trên giá thể và 7 cây dừa cạn chuyển gen ở thế hệ T0 cho kết quả PCR nhân bản đoạn promoter 35S. Kết quả thiết kế cấu trúc mang gen chuyển hoàn chỉnh (cassette) và tăng cường biểu hiện gen mã hóa enzyme chìa khóa sẽ quyết định sự thành công của kỹ thuật tạo cây dừa cạn biến đổi gen có hàm lượng alkaloid cao.
NANO BẠC TRONG KHỬ TRÙNG MÔI TRƯỜNG NUÔI CẤY IN VITRO CÂY HOA CÚC (CHRYSANTHEMUM MORIFOLIUM RAMAT CV. JIMBA)
Authors: Nhựt Dương Tấn , Tùng Hoàng Thanh , Nghĩa Lương Thiện , Anh Nguyễn Duy , Huy Nguyễn Phúc , Nam Nguyễn Bá , Luận Vũ Quốc , Hiền Vũ Thị
Published: December 2018

Phương pháp nhân giống in vitro được chứng minh là phương pháp hữu hiệu để nhân giống cây trồng với số lượng lớn trong thời gian ngắn và trở thành một công cụ hữu hiệu cho công tác chọn, tạo giống cây trồng. Tuy nhiên, phương pháp này vẫn còn những tồn tại mà nổi bật lên là vấn đề nhiễm vi sinh vật trong quá trình nuôi cấy, chúng làm giảm chất lượng, tăng khả năng mất nguồn giống. Khử trùng môi trường nuôi cấy là vấn đề bắt buộc đối với quá trình vi nhân giống, đây là giai đoạn tiêu tốn nhiều điện năng và trải qua nhiều công đoạn. Bên cạnh đó, việc hấp khử trùng môi trường trong một thời gian làm giảm hoạt tính của các chất điều hòa sinh trưởng thực vật cũng như thành phần dinh dưỡng của môi trường. Nghiên cứu này hướng đến việc ứng dụng nano bạc như một biện pháp thay thế cho phương pháp khử trùng môi trường truyền thống. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi bổ sung các nồng độ khác nhau của nano bạc (0 - 5 ppm), đường (0 - 30 g/l) và than hoạt tính (0 - 1g/l) vào môi trường nuôi cấy in vitro cây hoa cúc và không hấp khử trùng môi trường nhằm đánh giá khả năng tiệt trùng môi trường cũng như cảm ứng sự sinh trưởng và phát triển của cây. Kết quả ghi nhận được cho thấy, bổ sung 4 ppm nano bạc, không bổ sung than hoạt tính và nồng độ đường từ 0 - 20 g/l vào môi trường nuôi cấy không cấy mẫu cho hiệu quả khử trùng 100% sau 4 tuần. Cây cúc cho sự sinh trưởng và phát triển tốt trong môi trường bổ sung 4 ppm nano bạc, 20 g/l đường, 5 g/l agar và không hấp khử trùng.