bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multimodal prediction of obsessive-compulsive disorder, comorbid depression, and energy of deep brain stimulation
Authors: Hinduja Saurabh , Darzi Ali , Ertugrul Itir Onal , Provenza Nicole , Gadot Ron , Storch Eric , Sheth Sameer , Goodman Wayne , Cohn Jeffrey
Published: April 2024

To develop reliable, valid, and efficient measures of
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) severity, comorbid
depressionseverity, and total electrical energy delivered (TEED) by deep
brain stimulation (DBS), we trained and compared random
forestsregression models in a clinical trial of participants receiving
DBS for refractory OCD. Six participants were recorded during
open-endedinterviews at pre- and post-surgery baselines and then at
3-month intervals following DBS activation. Ground-truth severity
wasassessed by clinical interview and self-report. Visual and auditory
modalities included facial action units, head and facial
landmarks,speech behavior and content, and voice acoustics.
Mixed-effects random forest regression with Shapley feature reduction
stronglypredicted severity of OCD, comorbid depression, and total
electrical energy delivered by the DBS electrodes (intraclass
correlation,ICC, = 0.83, 0.87, and 0.81, respectively. When random
effects were omitted from the regression, predictive power decreased
tomoderate for severity of OCD and comorbid depression and remained
comparable for total electrical energy delivered (ICC = 0.60,0.68, and
0.83, respectively). Multimodal measures of behavior outperformed ones
from single modalities. Feature selection achievedlarge decreases in
features and corresponding increases in prediction. The approach could
contribute to closed-loop DBS that wouldautomatically titrate DBS based
on affect measures
Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) terhadap Jumlah Hama Serangga yang Menyerang Tanaman Kacang Hijau (Phaseolus radiatus L.)
Authors: Oliska Serli
Published: April 2024

Pests are a type of plant damage that can have fatal consequences for farmers, therefore pests need to be eradicated so that farmers' yields can increase, especially in green bean plants. Basil is one of the biodiversity that has the potential to be developed as a traditional medicine. This plant is a plant that has many benefits as medicine, vegetable pesticide, essential oil producer, vegetable and refreshing drink. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of basil leaf extract (Ocimu basilicum L.) on the number of insect pests that attack green bean plants (Phaseolus radiatus L.). The parameters observed were the number of insect pests before and after treatment. The object of this research was green bean plants, the number of treatments in this research was 4 treatments (0% basil leaf extract, 10% basil leaf extract, 20% basil leaf extract, and 30% basil leaf extract) and 6 replications. Research data is descriptive data. From the research data, it was found that there was a decrease in the number of insect pests before and after treatment in the K3 treatment, the number of insect pests before treatment was 12 and after treatment there were 11 insect pests. In treatment K1-K2 there was no decrease in the number of insect pests before or after treatment. In treatment K1, the number of insect pests before treatment was 9 and after treatment there were 14 insect pests. In the K2 treatment, the number of insect pests before treatment was 12 and after treatment there were 19 insect pests. The results of the study concluded that administering basil leaf extract (Ocimum basilicum L.) had no significant effect on the number of insect pests attacking green bean plants.
اختبار علاقة سلسلة التجهيز الرقمي في تنفيذ استراتيجية إدارة التجزئة
Authors: البغدادي عادل , محمد حليمة
Published: April 2024

تهدف الدراسة الى اختبار سلسلة التجهيز الرقمية وعلاقته في تنفيذ استراتيجية إدارة التجزئة وذلك عن طريق استطلاع مجتمع العينة من مالكين او أصحاب متاجر التجزئة والجملة في النجف الاشرف ، وجاءت الدراسة لتسد الفجوة المعرفية المتمثلة بندرة الدراسات العربية او الأجنبية على حد علم الباحثة التي تناولت العلاقة بين متغيرات الدراسة الحالية في انموذج فرضي واحد ، واستهدفت أسلوب الحصر الشامل على مجتمع الدراسة المتمثلة بمتاجر التجزئة والجملة اذ تم توزيع (95) استبانة وبعد فرز البيانات وتدقيقها تبين أن الاستبانات الصالحة للتحليل هي (85) استبانة من أصل (95) استبانة مسترجعة, وتم تحليلها وفقاً لأسلوب نمذجة المعادلات الهيكلية / طريقة المربعات الصغرى ، وتوصلت الدراسة الى مجموعة من النتائج وأهمها وجود علاقة تأثير وارتباط بين سلسلة التجهيز الرقمي وتنفيذ استراتيجية إدارة التجزئة .
التعالق النصي مع الشعر العربي القديم في شعر موفق محمد
Authors: لطيف حسن , لايم ليلى
Published: April 2024

هذا البحث هو دراسة لتقانة التعالق النصي مع الشعر العربي القديم في شعر موفق محمد، إذ شكل التعالق النصي مع الشعر العربي القديم ملمحاً بارزاً في شعر موفق محمد فيستلهم الشاعر أفكاره ومعانيه منطلقاً من مخزونه الثقافي الأدبي القديم فهو يبحث فيها عن معانٍ جاهزة يستند إليها لإيصال الدلالة الحقيقية والمعنى المناسب ؛ يبحث في النصوص عن صور مناسبة تساهم في تكثيف وعمق المعنى الدلالي للنص الشعري ،فعندما يغوص الشاعر في الماضي والتراث وذلك ليثبت بطريقة غير مباشرة تماثل الماضي والحاضر ويبرهن ذلك من خلال تعالق النص الجديد مع النص الغائب كما سيتضح ذلك في أثناء البحث.
مظاهر الحضارة والعمران في كتاب تحفة القادم- دراسة أدبية
Authors: زوين حيدر , سلمان حيدر
Published: April 2024

قسم البحث الموسوم بـ(مظاهر الحضارة والعمران في كتاب تحفة القادم –دراسة أدبية) على ثلاثة مباحث, وقد وسم الأول منه بـ(ابن الأبّار البلنسي وكتابه تحفة القادم)وجاء المبحث الثاني بـ(وصف مظاهر الحضارة والعمران في كتاب تحفة القادم) وحمّل المبحث الثالث بـ(الأداء الفني لمظاهر الحضارة والعمران في كتاب تحفة القادم) وقد توصل البحث إلى مجموعة من النتائج بينتها خاتمة البحث.
الأبعاد الدولية للانسحاب الأمريكي من افغانستان
Authors: السعيدي سعدون , كاظم انعام
Published: April 2024

بالرغم من المشاركة الفعلية لدول اوربا في حلف الناتو التي تعتبر الجزء الاساسي فيه وكذلك حجم الخسائر البشرية والمادية التي تكبدتها القوات الأوربية في حلف الناتو الا ان قرار الانسحاب جاء بإرادة امريكية بحته لم يكن لدول الاوربية أي رئي فيها بل وحتى لم تحدد ساعة الصفر، اثار الانسحاب الامريكي من افغانستان ابعاد دولية واقليمية وكذلك حيثيات انعكست على الداخل الافغاني، إذ سمح الانسحاب الامريكي لكثير من دول بالتدخل في الشأن الافغاني لكسب مصالح، إذ سعت قطر للاستثمار في مطار كابول ، وكذلك تركيا سعت لإيجاد موطئ قدم في افغانستان في رحه بحث عن الطاقة والاستفادة من الثروات الاقتصادية الضخمة التي تمتلكها المنطقة، والتي تتمثل في النفط والغاز الطبيعي والفحم وغيرها، كذلك رحبت بعض دول الخليج العربي بهذا الانسحاب وعده البعض بمثابة انتصال يحسب للحضارة المسلمة على الصليب الغربي كجزء من صراع الحضارات، كما اثار الانسحاب الامريكي القلق لدى دول الاتحاد الاوربي من زيادة حجم اللاجئين وغيرها من ابعاد الانسحاب الامريكي من افغانستان.
الشيخ البهائي الولادة والنشأة وأثر الأوضاع العامة في بيئته على تشكيل شخصيته
Authors: الجبوري عاصم , جاسم مهند
Published: April 2024

أدى علماء الدين دوراً مهما في الحياة العامة, ولم يقتصر دورهم في ارشاد الناس فيما يخص الجوانب الدينية والعقائدية فحسب بل نجد الكثير منهم قد طوروا في أساليب عديدة وفي جوانب متعددة في الحياة جعلتنا نستفيد كثيرًا منها، لا سيما وأن الدين الإسلامي قد حث ودعا الى الاهتمام بطلب العلم والتكنولوجيا الحديثة وأن نقوم بالبحث المستمر وطلب العلم دائما, فقد كان الشيخ البهائي ممن سار على هذا النهج  حتى غدا عالماً في الكثير من العلوم  كالرياضيات والهندسة والفلك وفن العمارة فضلاً عن العلوم الدينية والأدبية واللغوية هذا التنوع في التحصيل المعرفي كان سببا مهما في شهرته ومكانته في المجتمع وهذا ما دعا حكام الدولة الصفوية الى الاستعانة به في الكثير من الوظائف الحكومية.
حصار افتكين التركي لمدن بلاد الشام واستراتيجية الفاطميين في التصدي له
Authors: الموسوي ورود , حسن طالب
Published: April 2024

تعرضت الدولة الفاطمية في بلاد الشام الى خطر عسكري تركي لم يكن في الحسبان وفي حقيقية الامر اربك اوضاعها في مصر ونصبت الدولة اعينها بالقضاء على هذه الحركة بعد اللجوء الى استراتيجيات عدة منها السياسية والعسكرية حيث ارفدت الدولة الفاطمية اموال كبيرة للأنفاق على حملاتها التي خرجت من مصر في سبيل القضاء على هذه الحركة بعد ان استفحل امر صاحبها وقويت شوكته واستقر امره والتف اهل دمشق الناقمين على الدولة الفاطمية حول حركته ومناصرته وحلفوا له بذلك فلمعت شخصية افتكين التركي في بلاد الشام وسط مناخ من الحماسة بعد ان حقق انتصارات على الفاطميين وكسر جنودهم وهزيمتهم في عسقلان وكان من الواضح ان يكون له صيتا عاليا ولامعا في البلاط الفاطمي .
تقديم الشخصية بوساطة الراوي غير الممسرح-دراسة في نماذج من الرواية العربية
Authors: خلف علي , احمد ابتهال
Published: April 2024

تتناول الدراسة تقديم الشخصية في الرواية العربية, وهي تقنية ضرورية للرواية والسرد, وطريقة يقدّم بها الروائي شخصياته في الرواية, ويقصد بها الطريقة التي تساعد في بيان ملامح تقديم الشخصية من خلال أحداث الرواية نفسها, ويعتمد في ذلك على رسم معالم الشخصية من الداخل أو الخارج, لتظهر الشخصية بقالب أوضح وتفاصيل أوفر, وتعدد طرائق تقديم الشخصية في النص الروائي, منها ما يكون عرضاً وتقديماً مباشراً وآخراً  غير مباشر ومنها ما يجمع بين الطريقتين التقديم المباشر وغير المباشر؛ حسب الطريقة التي تجد الرواية انها مناسبة لإكمال شكلها الفني النهائي, ويكمن وراء ذلك دلالات وايحاءات فنية يفصح عنها ذلك التقديم.
وتناولت الدراسة مدخلاً نظرياً يوضح أهمية موضوع التقديم, وتطبيقاً يستنطق تلك النصوص الروائية, لتنتهي الدراسة بخلاصة نستشف منها ماهية البحث.
إدريس بن عبد الله ودوره في تأسيس دولة الأدارسة في بلاد المغرب العربي سنة 172هـ / 788م
Authors: بيج امير
Published: April 2024

بعد انتهاء وقعة فخ سنة (169هـ) والتي قد استشهد فيها أحد أبناء آل بيت محمد الكرام البررة الأطهار المعصومين (ع) ومن ذراريهم ونسلهم الطاهر ألا وهو بطل هذه الوقعة وشهيدها الثائر الحسين بن علي والذي يرجعُ نسبهُ إلى الإمام المعصوم الثاني من أهل البيت (ع) الإمام الحسن المجتبى بن علي بن أبي طالب (ع) والذي قد ثارَ في هذه الوقعة الأليمة ثائر فخ وبطلها الحسين بن علي بوجه طغيان بني العباس وبالتحديد خلال حكم الهادي العباسي (ت 170هـ).
وبعد أن طوّت المعركة فإن أحد عُمومته وهو إدريس بن عبد الله قد غادَرَ أرض المعركة وذهب مع قافلة الحجاج والتي كانت مُتجهة صوب بلاد مصر ومنها إلى بلاد المغرب العربي ليَحطَّ رِحالهُ هنالك ويَستجمِعَ قواهُ وأن ينجح بجمع الناقمين على الدولة العباسية من سكان بلاد المغرب العربي واستطاع فيما بعد أن يؤسس دولة على شيعية علوية سنة (172هـ) والتي حكمت قرابة القرنين ونيف من السنين.
Case Report: Milliary TB in Adolescence Diagnosed in Tapin, South Kalimantan, A Call for TB Awereness
Authors: Trilaksono Rony , Sari Karina Mayang
Published: April 2024

This case report presents the clinical scenario of a 15-year-old adolescent admitted to the emergency room with complaints of shortness of breath and a persistent productive cough for the past 3 weeks, despite over-the-counter medication. The cough did not improve with over-the-counter medication. He also sometimes noticed blood stains in his phlegm. During the physical examination, a BCG scar was found on the right upper arm. The results showed that positive HIV status and the absence of BCG scars were significantly associated with miliary TB and extrapulmonary TB. However, in this case, both factors were not detected. The treatment regimen for miliary TB requires therapy for a minimum of 12 months, but teenagers experience difficulties in undergoing therapy due to the consumption of illegal drugs every day for a long period of time. Apart from that, social isolation and disrupted daily activities are also challenges for teenagers. The death rate from miliary TB in children reaches 15-20%, highlighting the importance of awareness of this disease. Therefore, handling and treating TB in adolescents requires special attention and further efforts to reduce the risk of treatment failure. Awareness of TB, especially in adolescents with chronic respiratory symptoms, must be increased to overcome this challenge in the future.
Tratamentos para a Epilepsia: Uma Análise da Literatura Recente
Authors: Pereira Levada Leonardo , Santana Monteiro Santos Lara , Flávia Andrade Alves Santos Ana , Rocha da Silva Alex , Bonfim de Oliveira Reis Adriane , Pereira Cruz Thomás , Campos de Paiva Gabriela , César Cota de Castro Arthur , Ferreira da Costa Lucas , Rolemberg Caldas Cabral Diogo , Harri Looben Fabio , Manuela Cecchini Souza Damasceno Nogueira Maria , Da Fé Leite Cristiane , Caribé Sena Arthur , Harlene Looben Fabiane , Carolina Adriano Borges Dério Ana
Published: April 2024

O texto analisa de maneira abrangente as diferentes estratégias terapêuticas para o tratamento da epilepsia, destacando tanto os avanços significativos quanto os desafios persistentes nessa área. Apesar da identificação de potenciais alvos terapêuticos por meio da compreensão da genética da epilepsia, os medicamentos antiepilépticos atuais enfrentam limitações, como eficácia a longo prazo limitada e efeitos colaterais adversos. Isso ressalta a necessidade urgente de inovação terapêutica, considerando não apenas os aspectos genéticos, mas também a fisiopatologia da doença. Alternativas terapêuticas diversificadas, como cirurgia, dietas especiais e terapias de neuromodulação, oferecem esperança para pacientes resistentes a medicamentos. Além disso, abordagens emergentes, como a cronofarmacologia e o uso de canabidiol, mostram promessas, embora exijam mais pesquisas para validar sua eficácia e segurança. A crescente compreensão do papel da microbiota intestinal na epilepsia também sugere novas possibilidades terapêuticas, apesar de lacunas em nosso entendimento dos mecanismos subjacentes. Em suma, uma abordagem personalizada e multidisciplinar, aliada a colaborações entre pesquisadores, médicos e a indústria, é essencial para transformar avanços científicos em terapias mais eficazes e acessíveis, oferecendo esperança para um futuro melhor para todos os pacientes com epilepsia.
Significantes y significados en performances/imágenes de la fiesta de San Pacho en Quibdó
Authors: González-Ortiz Felipe
Published: April 2024

Construyendo un concepto que relacione acción e imagen ritual, se hace una interpretación sobre las secuencias —cadenas de prácticas o performances simbólicos— y los íconos —objetos significantes construidos como imágenes— que componen la fiesta de San Pacho en la ciudad de Quibdó. Aglutino actos e imágenes con el concepto de performances/imagen. Toda acción ritual construye mensajes que reflejan la estructura social, diagnostican el contexto y proyectan el tiempo futuro como esperanza, proceso que se realiza mediante la ilocución —el habla con intencionalidad— del mensaje, que informa o distingue; o la perlocución —el resultado del mensaje— que desea convencer y alinear el significado en la totalidad de participantes y audiencias. Este trabajo sintetiza, interpretando secuencias de performances/imágenes que constituyen a la fiesta como acto ritual, es decir, las acciones y las imágenes rituales como simbolismos proyectados en la sociedad
IMPLEMENTATION OF GRAPHIC INTERCHANGED FORMAT (GIF) –ENHANCED LEARNING MATERIALS (ELM) TO THE PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF BALIBAGO INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Irish Grace M. Pangilinan
Published: April 2024

Current educational trends, the emergence of the knowledge society, societal changes, and globalization influenced the higher education at the greater level and thus resulted in a quality education and quality assurance, the transformation of the education system and changes in teaching and learning approaches like virtual learning and more technologically enhanced learning like the GIF-ELM. Among a wide range of GIF’s has been introduced to academic institutions and industries.
As revealed in this study, the thirty-five (35) teachers who are utilizing GIF-ELM, agreed that the level of effectiveness of the GIF-ELM when it comes to Accuracy, Significance, and Presentation is highly effective. The Enhanced Students Performance after using GIF-ELM is found also highly effective.
Diversity refers to the diversification and multiple dimensions in information transmission of technology that will enhance the performance of the Grade 8 students, the results revealed that it is Highly Effective. With this, the utilization of learning materials using GIF-ELM stimulate students’ concentration and awareness of the learning contents. The same viewpoint was stated in stressing that the presence of suitable learning material is a necessity for a smooth process of sharing information between the teacher and learners.
TANGGUNG JAWAB PENERBIT TERHADAP KERUGIAN PEMEGANG E-MONEY
Authors: Putu Bagus Dananjaya
Published: April 2024

Seiring perkembangan zaman, uang yang sebelumnya berupa logam dan uang kertas konvensial kini berkembang menjadi sistem pembayaran elektronik atau non tunai. Adanya perkembangan pembayaran non-tunai seperti ini tidak jarang ditemui masalah yang terjadi dalam masyarakat, baik itu berupa rusaknya kartu, hilangnya saldo tanpa disadari pengguna e-money. Dalam penelitian ini adapun permasalahan yang akan diangkat adalah pengaturan e-money sebagai alat pembayaran di Indonesia dan tanggung-jawab penerbit terhadap hilangnya saldo e-money. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan meneliti bahan pustaka yang ada, baik itu peraturan perundang-undangan maupun buku-buku, yang disusun secara sistematis dalam rangka menemukan suatu kebenaran berdasarkan logika keilmuan hukum dari sisi normatifnya. Adapun kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu pengaturan uang elektronik sebagai alat pembayaran non tunai di Indonesia berdasarkan Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 20/6/PBI/2018 tentang uang elektronik, belum ada undang-undang yang mengatur secara khusus mengenai uang elektronik. Tanggung jawab penerbit dalam penyelenggaraan uang elektronik dapat dibagi menjadi tiga yaitu tanggung jawab produk, tanggung jawab terkait informasi produk, dan tanggung jawab atas keamanan produk.
IMPLIKASI PERJANJIAN KAWIN PISAH HARTA DALAM PENANDATANGAN PERJANJIAN KREDIT
Authors: Gede Agung Wirawan Nusantara
Published: April 2024

Perjanjian perkawinan adalah cara untuk mencegah konflik sebelum perkawinan. Bagi para pihak yang belum membuat dan berencana untuk membuatnya, atau mengubah perjanjian perkawinan yang sudah ada di tengah perjalanan perkawinan dapat menggunakan Keputusan MK No 69/PUU-XIII/2015. Tujuan dalam penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui Perjanjian Perkawinan Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 1 tahun 1974, Perjanjian Perkawinan Menurut Keputusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia Nomor 69/PUU-XIII/2015 dan mengetahui Implikasi Perjanjian Pisah harta dalam Penandatangan Perjanjian Kredit. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian dengan aspek hukum normatif. Sumber bahan hukum meliputi bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Untuk menghasilkan kesimpulan, penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data kualitatif. Ini berarti bahwa data dan masalah yang dibahas harus dikaitkan satu sama lain. Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah Menurut keputusan MK, perjanjian perkawinan dibuat dengan kesepakatan bersama dan ditandatangani secara tertulis oleh petugas yaitu pencatat perkawinan sebelum atau pada saat perkawinan berlangsung. Perjanjian ini mulai berlaku sejak perkawinan dilangsungkan. Perjanjian kawin pisah harta tidak hanya membatasi harta benda perkawinan tetapi juga membatasi untung rugi. Implikasi dari perjanjian kawin pisah harta terhadap penandatangan perjanjian kredit adalah Para pihak akan bertanggung jawab sepenuhnya atas semua hutang yang mereka miliki sebelum dan selama perkawinan, sehingga jika salah satu pihak dianggap tidak mampu membayar semua hutang, harta pihak lainnya dalam perjanjian perkawinan tidak akan terganggu, tetapi akan ada pemisahan untung rugi
Optimalisasi Kekayaan Intelektual (KI) Sebagai Jaminan Utang Dalam PP No. 24 Tahun 2022
Authors: Ida Ayu Ratna Kumala  , Ida Ayu Putu Sri Astiti Padmawati
Published: April 2024

Diaturnya materi mengenai KI sebagai jaminan kredit perbankan secara tidak langsung menjadi landasan motivasi bagi para kreator, pencipta, inventor untuk lebih produktif dalam menciptakan karya-karya baru. Ini berarti juga menjadi dasar adanya pengakuan bahwa negara menghargai karya mereka. Namun dalam penerapannya beberapa regulasi di Indonesia yang mengatur mengenai KI sebagai jaminan kredit dirasa belum optimal, karena masih adanya problematika yang belum terjawab dari peraturan-peraturan tersebut.
Penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum Normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan untuk memecah permasalahan pada penelitian ini yaitu Pendekatan perundang-undangan (The statue approach ) dan Pendekatan Konseptual (The Conceptual Approach). Sumber Data hukum yang akan digunakan menunjang pembahasan permasalahan diatas adalah bahan hukum primer, sekunder.
Urgensi pembentukan PP No. 24 Tahun 2022 tentang Pelaksanaan UU No. 24 Tahun 2019 tentang Ekonomi Kreatif adalah untuk menciptakan dan mengembangkan perekonomian nasional dan meningkatkan daya saing global guna tercapainya tujuan pembangunan yang berkelanjutan.  Pengaturan optimalisasi KI sebagai jaminan utang dalam PP No. 24 Tahun 2022 merupakan bentuk kemajuan negara untuk mewujudkan perlindungan hak-hak masyarakat melalui KI, hal ini tentu dilihat dari pengaturan materi pokok dalam PP.
Bioprinting with adipose stem cells and hydrogel modified with bioactive glass
Authors: C.R. Kolan Krishna , Saxena Apurv , A. Bromet Bradley , B. Steen Lesa , T. Bindbeutel August , A. Semon Julie , E. Day Delbert , C. Leu Ming
Published: April 2024

Bioprinting research is focused on utilizing growth factors and multiple cell types to create clinically relevant three-dimensional (3D) tissue models using hydrogels. Rheological and biological challenges are two main factors that limit the creation of extrudable bioactive hydrogels. In this study, we investigate incorporation of fast dissolving and bioactive borate glass in different weight to volume percentages (0.075 to 0.6%) to alginate-gelatin (1:1) hydrogel to improve rheological properties and enable bioprinting with bioactive glass. The addition of glass improved the stiffness of the hydrogel. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) were uniformly mixed in this bioink at 1 × 106 cells/mL concentration, and spheroid specimens were cultured in both static and dynamic culture conditions. Grid-shaped scaffolds measuring ~18 × 18 × 1 mm3 were fabricated with the viable glass concentrations, and ASC viability was evaluated using Live/Dead assay. Despite immediate toxicity, an increased viability after 7 days with 0.15 w/v % or less borate glass content demonstrated the potential in utilizing highly resorbable calcium-releasing biomaterials such as bioactive glasses to modify hydrogels suitable for bioprinting cellularized 3D structures.
Deep Learning and Graphical User Interfaces for the Production of Custom Emojis
Authors: - Afsheen , - CH. Lakshmi Kumari , - Markonda Abhiram Patel , - Mittapelli Hemanth Kumar
Published: April 2024

This study paper digs into the complex domain of human-PC association through looks, investigating different ways to deal with address difficulties in different situations. Presents a novel, right off the bat, multi-characteristic face-to-animation framework for web-based entertainment, creating comparing emoticon in light of facial credits like inclination and glasses. Then handles the impediments of customary CNNs in look acknowledgment by proposing a multi-facet highlight acknowledgment calculation utilizing a three-channel CNN. This calculation separates definite highlights from eyes/eyebrows, mouth, and the whole face, accomplishing higher acknowledgment rates with less organization layers. Perceiving feelings from to some extent concealed faces because of the Coronavirus pandemic is the another concentration, which proposes a SLPPE-based approach that concentrates highlights from the upper face to beat cover impediment. This strategy outflanks normal CNN approaches with great precision on benchmark datasets.
A chart convolutional network (GCN)- based calculation for look acknowledgment in the wild is introduced, developing a face diagram in view of key activity units and using a consideration guide to feature essential highlights. This strategy demonstrates viable on both lab-controlled and wild datasets. At last, a two-layered milestone include map (LFM) is proposed for perceiving unobtrusive facial miniature articulations, exhibiting prevalence over customary strategies and demonstrating its freedom of demeanor power and pertinence to true situations. This overview paper exhaustively investigates these imaginative methods, offering significant bits of knowledge into the developing scene of human-PC cooperation through looks.
A Study on Emerging Trends and Consumer Perspective Towards Interior Design Industry
Authors: - SURBHI AGGARWAL , - YASH AGARWAL , - DR. ADITI MALHOTRA , - MS. SHWETA SINHA
Published: April 2024

This research report examines the growing landscape of the Indian interior design industry, focusing on the latest trends and consumer insights. As India experiences rapid urbanization and cultural changes, the interior design sector is also witnessing major changes. This research uses an interdisciplinary approach to uncover the industry's dynamics, examining macro-level trends and micro-level customer needs.
Predominance of Self Realisation in Mahatma Gandhi’s Autobiography
Authors: - Vaibhao C Patil
Published: April 2024

While reading Mahatma Gandhi’s autobiography, which he purposefully called ‘The Story of My Experiments with Truth’, can be understood only if; what he wrote in the introduction to his autobiography is sincerely believed. His novelty lies in his experiments of testing every activity on the reliable test of spirituality, and which made him one of the most misunderstood leaders in India. Self realization is a goal of Mahatma Gandhi’s life. This paper aims at pointing out predominance of self realisation in his autobiography The Story of My Experiments with Truth.
Commission of POCSO Offences by Juveniles
Authors: - ARUN KUMAR T
Published: April 2024

India is the largest country with different cultures and a large population. A large population includes men, women, and children. Children were considered as the backbone of our country. However, a large number of children were sexually exploited. To deal with such cases Indian Government made a special law namely, the POCSO (Protection of Children sexual assault and sexual harassment. This article mainly discusses the POCSO offences, acts, and the POCSO offences done by juveniles.
Unlocking Patterns in Hyperspectral Data: Reinforcement Learning Approach with Binary Entropy for Image Classification
Authors: - B Srinivasa Ranganath , - V Shreshika Reddy , - G Uday , - R.Obul Konda Redddy
Published: April 2024

This work presents a new method for classifying hyperspectral images that combines the binary entropy technique with a Reinforcement Learning (RL)
based approach. With their abundance of spectral information, hyperspectral images are an invaluable tool for remote sensing applications. The difficulty, though, is in accurately categorizing each pixel in these pictures into binary classes, like different kinds of land cover. To tackle this problem, our strategy formulates it as a Reinforcement Learning task in which an agent must learn how to determine the best thresholds for the binary entropy method. Through a reward function that promotes accurate classifications, the agent receives feedback. After preprocessing the hyperspectral data, we deploy the RL
agent for real-time image classification after training and validating it. Our approach shows potential for automating thresholding and improving classification.
Hybrid Machine Learning Models for Fine-grained Air Quality Forecasting
Authors: - Raj Vikram Singh , - Abhay Pal Singh , - Sandeep Kumar
Published: April 2024

Air pollution has become a major environmental issue that is causing many deaths each year and putting the environment and human health at serious risk. It causes the greenhouse effect, contributes to global warming, and increases the risk of lung cancer and other diseases that affect the respiratory system, including allergies. Setting and upholding strict air quality standards is essential to effectively combating air pollution. The air quality index (AQI) is a measurement used to determine the amount of pollutants in the atmosphere. By utilizing the capabilities of machine learning algorithms, precise forecasting of the fine-grained AQI is made feasible. To predict the AQI, a number of algorithms have been used, including logistic regression, decision tree regression, KNN, SVR, and linear regression. This project's main goal is to create models with machine learning algorithms and determine which model is best for AQI prediction.
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Sunscreen Utilizing Blue Pea Flower Extract
Authors: - Madhurina Dutta , - Aakash Saha , - Sanjiban Utpal Sarkar , - Samata Biswas
Published: April 2024

This thesis presents the formulation and evaluation of a novel herbal sunscreen incorporating Blue Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea) extract as the primary active ingredient. With increasing concerns about the adverse effects of synthetic sunscreens and the growing interest in natural alternatives, the study aims to explore the photoprotective properties of Blue Pea Flower extract, known for its rich anthocyanin and antioxidant content.
The research begins with the extraction of Blue Pea Flower bioactive compounds through optimized solvent extraction methods. The formulated herbal sunscreen is developed by incorporating the extract into a suitable base, considering stability, safety, and efficacy. Key evaluation parameters include in vitro Sun Protection Factor (SPF) determination, photostability studies, and assessments of skin compatibility.
Characterization of the Blue Pea Flower extract reveals essential bioactive compounds, establishing a foundation for understanding its potential benefits. The herbal sunscreen's physical characteristics and stability are analyzed to ensure a reliable and effective formulation. In vitro SPF testing assesses the photoprotective efficacy, while photostability studies gauge the product's robustness under sun exposure conditions.
Safety evaluations, including skin irritation tests and biocompatibility studies, contribute crucial data on the product's safety profile. The results provide insights into the effectiveness of Blue Pea Flower extract as a natural photoprotective agent and the overall suitability of the herbal sunscreen formulation.
Comparisons with synthetic sunscreens highlight the potential advantages of the herbal formulation in terms of efficacy and safety. Recommendations for formulation optimization and future research directions are discussed, emphasizing the significance of eco-friendly and sustainable alternatives in the sunscreen industry.
In conclusion, this research offers a comprehensive exploration of Blue Pea Flower extract's potential in herbal sunscreen formulations. The findings contribute to the understanding of natural photoprotective agents, fostering the development of safer and environmentally conscious sun protection products.
Analysis of Physical Properties of Grey water from Residential Buildings
Authors: - Shivendra singh , - Eshan Joshi , - Harshvardhan Singh , - Abhishek Silare , - Bhargav Sahu , - Bhavesh Bisen , - Mallika Jain
Published: April 2024

One way to conserve water is to find a safe way to use it further than formerly. Grey water recycling is now accepted as sustainable result to the general increase of the fresh water demand. Grey water refers to water that has formerly been used in some way but which can be reused or reclaimed in order to conserve fresh water. It's considered fairly simple to treat slate water to make it safe for public use because of lower situations of pollutants. The treatment of slate water from domestic structures is a critical process for sustainable water operation. This study outlines a comprehensive methodology, beginning with a thorough feasibility assessment, including considerations of available space, original regulations, and propinquity to water exercise points. Analysis of on- point slate water characteristics informs the design of an effective treatment system, incorporating source separation, pre-filtration, natural treatment, filtration, disinfection ,storehouse ,and distribution .Construction emphasizes flawless integration with being structure, and performance testing ensures system optimization. Clear operating procedures, regular monitoring, and compliance reviews contribute to ongoing success. Community education enterprise play a vital part in promoting responsible water operation. This holistic approach, combining specialized effectiveness, environmental responsibility, and community engagement, demonstrates a sustainable model for slate water treatment in domestic settings.
A Comprehensive Review of Edge Detection Methods
Authors: - Feroza D Mirajkar , - Zohra Begum , - Shabana Tabassum
Published: April 2024

Boundaries are typified by edges, which pose a basic challenge in image processing. Images with edge detection have less data, less extraneous information filtered out, and key structural elements preserved. Finding the borders of objects or textures in a picture is the process of edge detection. The speed of image processing is a highly challenging problem since edge detection data is very huge. Various approaches are employed for edge detection, contingent on the needs of different applications. This study offers a thorough analysis of numerous studies and approaches used in the edge detection field.
IoT Based Flood Monitoring and Alerting System
Authors: - Sivakumar Muthusamy , - Sugumaran Ganesan , - Prasad Chandramohanan , - Sameeullah Kaja Hussain
Published: April 2024

The primary objective of this project is to create a reliable system for ongoing water level monitoring in dams or Wadis, ensuring timely alerts are sent to nearby residents and the Royal Oman Police (ROP) when levels approach hazardous thresholds. Although preventing floods may not always be feasible, implementing an early detection and alert system through continuous monitoring can significantly reduce the impact on communities. This initiative introduces an Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled flood detection and warning system, utilizing a NodeMCU board, an ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04), temperature and humidity sensors (DHT11), and the Blynk app. The system diligently tracks water levels, transmitting sensor data to the Blynk Server at regular intervals, allowing for global access and oversight. Should water levels exceed predetermined safe limits, an immediate notification is dispatched via email to designated contacts, warning individuals in the vicinity of the dam or Wadi and the ROP of the potential danger.
Unveiling the Nuances and Enduring Relevance of Machiavelli’s Theory: The Process of Acquisition to Power and Maintenance Statecraft in a Multipolar World
Authors: - Tapas Kumar Bera
Published: April 2024

Niccolo Machiavelli, a pivotal figure of the Renaissance era, epitomized rationality and realism in his political philosophy, bridging the gap between medieval and modern political thought. His seminal works, including “The Prince” and “Discourses on Livy”, marked a revolutionary shift in political discourse, earning him the title of “First Modern Political Thinker”. Machiavelli's life was characterized by a quest for pragmatic knowledge and a deep engagement with the political landscape of his time. Influenced by a myriad of philosophers and writers, ranging from Thucydides to Dante Alighieri, Machiavelli synthesized diverse ideas to craft his unique perspective on statecraft. Employing historical, empirical, and inductive methods, he dissected the acquisition and preservation of power, emphasizing pragmatic realities over abstract ideals. The central theme of Machiavelli’s political theory was the notion of statecraft as a practical endeavor tailored to contemporary needs rather than a product of divine ordination. He delineated methods for seizing power, advocating for a blend of force, cunning, and citizen support. Machiavelli prescribed specific qualities for rulers, urging them to embody a combination of fortitude and cunning. Regarding morality, Machiavelli distinguished between state morality and personal morality, endorsing a pragmatic approach for rulers while upholding individual virtue for the ruled. He emphasized the separation of politics and religion, asserting that each realm should fulfill its distinct functions without interference. Despite criticism for perceived inconsistencies and immorality, Machiavelli’s enduring legacy lies in his transformation of political thought. His influence on practical politics and his role as a harbinger of the modern era underscore his profound impact on the trajectory of political philosophy. While his theories continue to provoke debate, Machiavelli remains an enigmatic figure whose ideas reflect the evolving ethos of his time.
Development of Indian Education during 1854 to 1882: A Historical Review
Authors: - Ashutosh Ranjan
Published: April 2024

Lord Dalhausie played a big role in changing the era of the present politics of that time. Though in education point of view woods dispatch at the time of Lord Dalhausie was remarkable but apart from this there were so many things he did for Britisher’s point of view, but it helped Indians also in long run. Opportunity for educational development in India was one of the many things during Dalhausie period and in the next three decades. In this paper, the development of Indian Education during 1854 to 1882 is reviewed and divided into three heads i.e. primary education, secondary education, and higher education. The paper not only consists of the development during the 1854 to 1882 phase but also elaborated its beneficial effect in long run.
Awareness And Student Attitude Towards Cryptocurrency
Authors: - HARKAMAL. SINGH , - HAASHIM. SYED , - RAHUL. V , - JAI SHAH
Published: April 2024

This study explores student awareness and attitudes towards cryptocurrency, finding a high level of general awareness (58%) with no significant gender differences. Younger students might be slightly more aware, but this needs further investigation. Interestingly, some females reported lower familiarity with blockchain technology and found the system less user-friendly. These trends suggest areas for promoting wider and more inclusive cryptocurrency adoption among all students.
An Experimental Study On M20 Grade Concrete With Replacement Of Stone Cutting Powder In Cement
Authors: - KUAMMARA SIVA PRASAD , - D. R. Rashmitha , - P. Mounika , - N. Anusha , - K. Ekantha , - C. Mansoor
Published: April 2024

This experiment investigates the feasibility of replacing cement with stone cutting dust in M20 grade concrete. This study aims to understand the details of varying proportions of stone cutting powder on the workability, compressive strength, and flexural strength of the concrete mix. On the other hand, disposal of stone cutting powder is generated from stone cuttings and it is becoming a problem to environment even there is no chance of growth of plants. So, the cutting powder will be used as replacement material in cement by 10%, 20% and 30%. The aim of this study is to find the maximum content of stone cutting powder by partial replacement of cement. The study of workability and durability properties of M20 grade concrete with replacement of stone cutting powder is achieved at 10% of replacement with good results. Additionally, it also assess the economic viability and environmental impact of this substitution and. Through a systematic experimentation, the study aims to identify the optimal percentage of stone cutting powder replacement that balances performance and sustainability in M20 concrete.
Lehrerbildung - am eigenen Leib erfahren. Impressionen und Reflexionen aus Schüler- und Lehrersicht (1985)
Authors: Küffer Urs
Published: April 2024

Die folgenden Tagebuchnotizen entstanden, unter vielen anderen, im Jahre 1985. Befasst mit programmatischen Entwürfen zum Zusammenhang von (schulischem) Lernen und Leben (vgl. BzL 2/ 86), unternahm ich es, schulischen Alltag genau zu registrieren und diesen, zu Prüfzwecken, ideeller Konstruktion gegenüberzustellen. Die Froschperspektive zwingt, wohl unvermeidlich, den Blick vermehrt auf Ungereimtes, Unterschlagenes an und in der schulischen Realität zu richten. Zweifel, Fragen, Kluft zwischen Idee und Konkretion: Sie sollten nach meiner Intention nicht in die Resignation führen, sondern Anreiz bilden, Reform skeptisch und mutvoll so weiterzutreiben, dass auch die Stimmen von unten Gehör finden können.
Die Aufgabe der Pädagogik in der Lehrerbildung
Authors: Oelkers Jürgen
Published: April 2024

Mein Thema: "Die Aufgabe der Pädagogik in der Lehrerbildung" kann leicht als Selbstüberforderung verstanden werden, denn auf den ersten Blick gibt es nicht nur eine Aufgabe der Pädagogik in der Lehrerbildung und gibt es die vielen Aufgaben auch nicht nur an einem Ort, weil die Lehrerbildung nichts Einheitliches ist, sondern als differenziertes System betrachtet werden muss, dessen verschiedene Teile oft wenig miteinander gemein haben. Wie kann man da nur eine Aufgabe der Pädagogik bestimmen? Doch noch schlimmer, es scheint auch ziemlich sicher, dass die Pädagogik selbst nichts Einheitliches ist und insofern nicht als ein genau abgrenzbarer Referent für eine Aufgabenbestimmung zur Verfügung steht. Wovon also soll oder will ich sprechen, wenn das Thema von mir verlangt, " die Aufgabe der Pädagogik in der Lehrerbildung" darzulegen und womöglich positiv zu bestimmen? Ich antworte zunächst ausweichend, nämlich historisch, und zwar im Blick auf die Lehrerausbildung ebenso wie hinsichtlich der Funktion der Pädagogik in der Geschichte der Lehrerausbildung. Dies geschieht nur andeutungsweise und in aller Kürze, mit dem Ziel aber, das Thema nicht als unmöglich, sondern als bearbeitbar hinzustellen. Ich werde zu zeigen versuchen, dass es bestimmte Aufgaben in der Lehrerbildung gibt, denen sich die Pädagogik zugewandt hat, auf die sie also gleichsam spezialisiert ist; die Wahrnehmung dieser Aufgaben korreliert nicht mit dem Theoriewandel und der Differenzierung der Pädagogik, wenigstens nicht so, dass die Aufgaben von einem bestimmten historischen Zeitpunkt an nicht mehr wahrgenommen wurden. Damit hat mein Referat drei Teile, den historischen Rückblick (1), dann die Beschreibung der systematischen Aufgaben, so wie sie sich in einer starken Kontinuität auch heute noch darbieten (2) und schliesslich die daraus folgenden Konkretionen für ein pädagogisches Konzept der Lehrerbildung (3).
Progression of subclinical cardiovascular disease in patients with HIV
Authors: Fayos Marina , Arnaiz de las Revillas Francisco , González Quintanilla Vicente , González-Rico Claudia , Fariñas-Álvarez Concepción , Parra José Antonio , Fariñas María Carmen
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) stratifies cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic patients with subclinical atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of MCTD and clinical and laboratory parameters to assess subclinical CVD progression in HIV patients. Material and methods. Prospective longitudinal cohort study of patients with at least 10 years of HIV infection and 5 years of antiretroviral therapy history, low cardiovascular risk and monitored for 6 years (2015–2021). All patients underwent clinical assessment, blood analysis, carotid ultrasound, and gated MDCT in 2015 and 2021. Results. Sixty-three patients (63.5% male) with a mean age of 49.9 years (standard deviation [SD], 10.5) were included in 2015; 63 of them were followed until 2021. Comparing the results from 2015 with those from 2021, Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation-2 (SCORE2) was 2.9% (SD, 2.1) vs. 4.4% (SD,3.1); Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis score (MESA risk) was 3.4 (SD 5.8) vs. 6.0 (SD 8.6); coronary artery calcification CAC) score >100 was 11.1% vs. 25.4% (P < 0.05); and 11% vs. 27% had carotid plaques (P = 0.03). Conclusions. After six years of follow-up, an increase in SCORE2, carotid plaques, CAC scoring and MESA risk was observed. MDCT findings, along with other clinical and laboratory parameters, could play an important role as a marker of CVD progression in the evaluation of patients with HIV and low cardiovascular risk.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Uzak Doğu Kökenli Müzik Gruplarına Hayranlık Duymalarında Geçirmiş Oldukları Yaşantılar
Authors: Okan Sinan , Kara Cihan
Published: April 2024

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Uzak Doğu kökenli Kore Pop müziğinin üzerinde etkili olduğu ortaokul öğrencilerine ne tür duygular hissettirdiğini, bu müzik gruplarına olan ilgilerinin kaynaklarını ve günlük yaşamda hangi sonuçları ortaya çıkardığına dair öğrenci görüşlerini ortaya koymaktır. Ayrıca bu müzik tarzına ve gençlerce idol olarak görülen bu müzik grubu üyelerine duyulan hayranlık hislerinin öğrencilerin Türk kültürünü benimsemelerine ilişkin görüşlerinde herhangi bir tahribata yol açıp açmadığı etraflıca değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden fenomenoloji kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Artvin merkez ilçesindeki ortaokullarda öğrenim gören öğrenciler arasından kasıtlı örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiş 24 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada elde edilen verilerin toplanmasında yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu, verilerin çözümlenmesinde ise içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre çalışma grubundaki öğrencilerin K-Pop müzik tarzına ve gruplarına ilgi duymalarında yakın arkadaş çevresinin daha etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Öğrenciler, K-Pop müziğinin kendilerini enerjik ve mutlu hissettirdiğine yönelik çeşitli görüşler ifade etmektedirler. Çalışma grubundaki öğrenciler K-Pop gruplarına hayranlık duymaları sebebiyle erkek akranları tarafından yadırgandıklarını da ileri sürmektedirler. Buna karşılık öğrenciler, K-Pop gruplarının ortaya koydukları müzik ürünlerinin herhangi bir kültürel yozlaşmaya neden olmadığını düşünmektedirler.
Yabancı Dilde Yazma Sürecinde İşler Belleğin Görevi
Authors: Kaygısız Çağrı
Published: April 2024

Gerek anadilde gerekse yabancı dilde metin üretimi için öğretim tasarımının; dilsel-dilbilgisel yapıların algılanmasını, kontrollü işlemlemeden otomatik işlemlemeye, bildirimsel bilgiden, işlemsel bilgiye geçişi sağlayacak biçimde yapılandırılması gerekir. Bu noktada bilişsel sistemi (yapıyı) oluşturan birimlerin, hedef dile ilişkin dilsel-dilbilgisel veriyi nasıl işlediğinin belirlenmesi, öğretim tasarımının niteliği ve beceri gelişimi açısından önemlidir. Bilişsel görevlerin gerçekleşmesi, bu görevleri yerine getirmek için gereken zihinsel temsillerin oluşumunu ve oluşan temsillerin görev süresince aktif kalmasını gerektirir. Zihinsel temsillerin oluşumu için ihtiyaç duyulan bilgi kaynaklarının yönetimi ve düzenlenmesi işler bellek tarafından gerçekleştirilir. Bu zeminden hareketle çalışmada bilişsel yapının önemli unsurlarından işler belleğin yabancı dilde yazma sürecinde üstlendiği görevlerin neler olduğu, birinci-ikinci dilde yazma sürecinde işler belleğin çalışma sistematiği açısından farklılaşma olup olmadığı bu konuda yapılmış çalışmalardan elde edilen bulgulardan hareketle betimlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda öncelikle yazma süreci ve yabancı dilde yazma ile işler bellek sisteminin yapısı üzerinde durulmuş, sonraki aşamada ise işler bellek sisteminin yabancı dilde yazma sürecinde üstlenmiş olduğu görevler ele alınmıştır.
Peluang dan Tantangan Pendidikan 4.0 dalam Implementasi Chat GPT pada Mahasiswa Ilmu Komunikasi di Kota Medan
Authors: Purwantiningrum Belindha Putri , Sembiring Eunike Y.K
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini berjudul “Peluang dan Tantangan Pendidikan 4.0 dalam Implementasi Chat GPT pada Mahasiswa Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Sumatera Utara”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tantangan dan peluang di era pendidikan 4.0 dalam implementasi Chat GPT pada mahasiswa Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Sumatera Utara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode fenomenologi kualitatif. Penelitian ini melibatkan 5 (lima) orang informan dan 2 (dua) informan triangulasi yang dipilih sesuai dengan tujuan dan kebutuhan penelitian yang menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi Chat GPT di era pendidikan  4.0 mengharuskan seluruh stakeholder untuk ikut andil agar penggunaan Chat GPT dapat menjadi sarana dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran secara efektif tanpa  menimbulkan dampak negatif yang signifikan.  Mahasiswa dan  tenaga pendidik perlu memiliki  keterampilan berpikir kritis, kemampuan literasi digital, literasi informasi, dan bijak dalam menggunakan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Penggunaan Chat GPT yang dilakukan secara tepat dapat membantu mempersiapkan mahasiswa untuk menghadapi tantangan dunia nyata dalam era pendidikan 4.0.