DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AS A DETERMINANT OF TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS: THE EXPERIENCE OF UKRAINE AND POLAND
Authors:   Kirovohrad Research Forensic Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, Kolomoyets Oleksandr D. , Malinowska Irena ,   Professor Edward Lipinski School of Economics, Law and Medical Sciences, Kolomoyets Serhiy ,   Ulyanovsk general secondary school of I-III grades of Popelnastivska village council
Published: July 2021

The article reveals the problem of combating human trafficking as a criminal phenomenon and one of the global problems of mankind. Based on the analysis of the practice of anti-trafficking entities in Ukraine and Poland, a set of theoretical and practical issues related to the criminalization of human trafficking and legal analysis of the criminal offense under the current legislation of these countries is covered. It is noted that unlike Ukraine, which in most cases is a donor country for victims of trafficking, the Republic of Poland is a destination and transit country in this area of criminal business. The current state of human trafficking in Ukraine and Poland, the causes and conditions of this phenomenon, some determinants that lead to the commission of criminal offenses of this category in these countries are analyzed. One of the key factors has been found to be domestic violence, a particular issue that in itself needs to be addressed immediately. Therefore, an effective solution to one of the outlined problems is impossible without positive steps in solving the other. Attention is focused on the lack of definition of the term �trafficking in human beings� in the criminal law of both countries whose experience is being studied. In Ukraine, the legislator has distinguished a certain feature, in particular, in contrast to international acts, human trafficking has identified as a separate form of criminal offense, different from its main forms. The relationship between human trafficking, labour migration and domestic violence is considered, the consequences of labour migration for the social and economic sphere are analyzed; some differences for Ukraine and the Republic of Poland are identified, some statistical data and forecasts of specialists are given. In the context of the study, the concept of �social orphan hood� and its long-term impact on the crime situation and public life in the country is revealed. The activities of international organized criminal groups, including those formed in Poland and Ukraine, extend to all regions of the world and have reached a level previously inaccessible to them. The creating of sustainable channels for illegal migration and human trafficking is one of the most lucrative areas and areas of transnational organized crime in Eastern Europe. It is proposed to effectively combat these negative phenomena by developing an international strategy for joint action, to unite the efforts of law enforcement agencies and other actors in combating human trafficking in both donor and transit countries and to designate �living goods� at the regional and national levels. It is noted that attention should be paid not only to the fight against the very phenomenon of modern slavery, but also to its consequences and, most importantly, to the determinants.