bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indian summer monsoon and winter Total Solar Irradiance signals in the tree‐ring δ18O from foothills of High Asia, northern Pakistan
Authors: Li Qiang , Liu Yu , Sinha Ashish , Kathayat Gayatri , Duan Xiangyu , Liu Ruoshi , Xu Chenxi , Song Huiming , Fang Congxi , Siddiqui Muhammad Faheem , Cheng Hai
Published: November 2022

A tree‐ring stable oxygen isotope (δ18O) chronology was developed for the past 171 years by four Abies pindrow trees growing in southwest foothills of High Asia, northern Pakistan, which is correlated with observed and modelled δ18O of precipitation in Islamabad over the instrumental period. The averaged tree‐ring δ18O chronology is significantly negative correlated with local (r = −.651, p < .001, n = 38) and regional (r = −.664, p < .001, n = 65) summer precipitation variations. Analysis of vertically integrated water vapour flux and surface wind field suggests that the sampling site is located at the northern limit of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). Our tree‐ring δ18O series is significantly (p < .001, n = 143) negatively correlated with observed Homogenous India rainfall, All Indian rainfall, Core‐Monsoon India rainfall and Northwest India rainfall. This is the first detected ISM signal from tree‐ring δ18O over northern Pakistan. Several ISM‐related paleoclimate proxies, including three stalagmites δ18O series (Sahiya cave, Jhumar cave and Qunf cave) and a tree‐ring δ18O series (Manali), show consistent variability and a correlation coefficient of .566 (p < .001, n = 165) with our tree‐ring δ18O, suggesting that a combination of multiple proxies may be potentially useful to understand the full perspective of ISM before instrumental era. In addition, we found that the satellite‐observed winter Total Solar Irradiance exerts influence on the tree‐ring δ18O variation (r = .643, p < .001, n = 38), which may be linked to runoff of the Indus River and ISM precipitation.
LncRNA AATBCindicates development and facilitates cell growth and metastasis of cervical cancer as a sponge ofmiR‐1245b‐5p
Authors: Liu Ying‐Qiao , Liu Chen , Bai Yang , Gao Jie
Published: November 2022

With the increasing incidence and mortality rate, cervical cancer has been considered one of the most frequent malignant tumors in females. Exploration of tumor progression‐related biomarkers could facilitate the identification of novel and targeted therapy strategies. To assess the significance of lncRNA AATBC (AATBC) and its potential regulatory mechanism in cervical cancer, and to identify a potential biomarker, this study enrolled 123 patients with cervical cancer. Paired tissue samples were collected. The expression levels of AATBC and miR‐1245b‐5p were analyzed by RT‐qPCR and their significance in the development and prognosis of cervical cancer was evaluated using chi‐square and Cox analyses. In vitro, the regulatory effect of AATBC on the cellular processes of cervical cancer was estimated by CCK8 and Transwell assay. The interaction between ATTBC and miR‐1245b‐5p was assessed by luciferase reporter assay. Significant upregulation of AATBC and reduced miR‐1245b‐5p level in cervical cancer were observed, which showed a negative correlation between their expression levels. Close relationships of AATBC and miR‐1245b‐5p with the FIGO stage and lymph node metastasis were revealed. AATBC showed a significant prognostic value and miR‐1245b‐5p was found to mediate the tumor inhibitory effect of AATBC knockdown, which is speculated to be the underlying molecular mechanism of AATBC in cervical cancer development. Upregulation of AATBC indicted the malignant development and adverse prognosis of cervical cancer. AATBC served as a tumor promoter of cervical cancer by modulating miR‐1245b‐5p.
Corrosion resistance improvement in 6Cr13 martensitic stainless steel via quenching‐tempering and partitioning
Authors: Song Xin , Hu Yong , Yan Zhijie , Qi Huiping
Published: November 2022

In this work, the effect of the temperature of quenching‐tempering and partitioning on the corrosion resistance of 6Cr13 martensitic stainless steel was investigated by immersion test and electrochemical test. The results show that tempering and partitioning can improve the stability of the retained austenite at room temperature. The volume fraction of austenite increases with the increase of the temperature of tempering and partitioning. From the results of the corrosion experiment, the corrosion resistance of 6Cr13 martensitic stainless steel first increases with the increase of heat treatment temperature. The best corrosion resistance is obtained at 400°C. Subsequently, the corrosion resistance decreased with the further increase in heat treatment temperature. The reason for the increase in corrosion resistance is that with the increase of heat treatment temperature, retained austenite's content gradually increases, enhancing the corrosion resistance. The decrease in corrosion resistance is related to the growth of retained austenite and carbide at high temperatures.
Existence and uniqueness of solution for fractional differential equations with integral boundary conditions and the Adomian decomposition method
Authors: Wanassi Om Kalthoum , Bourguiba Rim , Torres Delfim F. M.
Published: November 2022

We propose an Adomian decomposition method to solve a class of nonlinear differential equations of fractional‐order with modified Caputo derivatives and integral boundary conditions. Our approach uses the integral boundary conditions to derive an equivalent nonlinear Volterra integral equation before establishing existence and uniqueness of solution and a recursion scheme for the solution. The convergence of the method is proved and an error analysis given. Two numerical examples are solved by obtaining a rapidly converging sequence of analytical functions to the solution.
Personalized synthetic MR imaging with deep learning enhancements
Authors: Pal Subrata , Dutta Somak , Maitra Ranjan
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Personalized synthetic MRI (syn‐MRI) uses MR images of an individual subject acquired at a few design parameters (echo time, repetition time, flip angle) to obtain underlying parametric maps, from where MR images of that individual at other design parameter settings are synthesized. However, classical methods that use least‐squares (LS) or maximum likelihood estimators (MLE) are unsatisfactory at higher noise levels because the underlying inverse problem is ill‐posed. This article provides a pipeline to enhance the synthesis of such images in three‐dimensional (3D) using a deep learning (DL) neural network architecture for spatial regularization in a personalized setting where having more than a few training images is impractical.

Methods

Our DL enhancements employ a Deep Image Prior (DIP) with a U‐net type denoising architecture that includes situations with minimal training data, such as personalized syn‐MRI. We provide a general workflow for syn‐MRI from three or more training images. Our workflow, called DIPsyn‐MRI, uses DIP to enhance training images, then obtains parametric images using LS or MLE before synthesizing images at desired design parameter settings. DIPsyn‐MRI is implemented in our publicly available Python package DeepSynMRI available at:
https://github.com/StatPal/DeepSynMRI.

Results

We demonstrate feasibility and improved performance of DIPsyn‐MRI on 3D datasets acquired using the Brainweb interface for spin‐echo and FLASH imaging sequences, at different noise levels. Our DL enhancements improve syn‐MRI in the presence of different intensity nonuniformity levels of the magnetic field, for all but very low noise levels.

Conclusion

This article provides recipes and software to realistically facilitate DL‐enhanced personalized syn‐MRI.
In vivo phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of the whole human liver at 7 T using a phosphorus whole‐body transmit coil and 16‐channel receive array: Repeatability and effects of principal component analysis‐based denoising
Authors: van den Wildenberg Lieke , Gursan Ayhan , Seelen Leonard W. F. , van der Velden Tijl A. , Gosselink Mark W. J. M. , Froeling Martijn , van der Kemp Wybe J. M. , Klomp Dennis W. J. , Prompers Jeanine J.
Published: November 2022

Quantitative three‐dimensional (3D) imaging of phosphorus (31P) metabolites is potentially a promising technique with which to assess the progression of liver disease and monitor therapy response. However, 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy has a low sensitivity and commonly used 31P surface coils do not provide full coverage of the liver. This study aimed to overcome these limitations by using a 31P whole‐body transmit coil in combination with a 16‐channel 31P receive array at 7 T. Using this setup, we determined the repeatability of whole‐liver 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (31P MRSI) in healthy subjects and assessed the effects of principal component analysis (PCA)‐based denoising on the repeatability parameters. In addition, spatial variations of 31P metabolites within the liver were analyzed. 3D 31P MRSI data of the liver were acquired with a nominal voxel size of 20 mm isotropic in 10 healthy volunteers twice on the same day. Data were reconstructed without denoising, and with PCA‐based denoising before or after channel combination. From the test–retest data, repeatability parameters for metabolite level quantification were determined for 12 31P metabolite signals. On average, 31P MR spectra from 100 ± 25 voxels in the liver were analyzed. Only voxels with contamination from skeletal muscle or the gall bladder were excluded and no voxels were discarded based on (low) signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). Repeatability for most quantified 31P metabolite levels in the liver was good to excellent, with an intrasubject variability below 10%. PCA‐based denoising increased the SNR ~ 3‐fold, but did not improve the repeatability for mean liver 31P metabolite quantification with the fitting constraints used. Significant spatial heterogeneity of various 31P metabolite levels within the liver was observed, with marked differences for the phosphomonoester and phosphodiester metabolites between the left and right lobe. In conclusion, using a 31P whole‐body transmit coil in combination with a 16‐channel 31P receive array at 7 T allowed 31P MRSI acquisitions with full liver coverage and good to excellent repeatability.
Hybrid classroom approach: Virtual and live field data integration
Authors: Schlosser William E. , Aumell Aidan J. , Kilkenny Madison M.
Published: November 2022

University students stepped into synchronous remote learning as the COVID‐19 pandemic arrived in spring 2020. Temporal limitations of the live field trip‐based paradigm in teaching ecology have been complicated by remote learning. To meet the challenge, we have designed and deployed an immersive virtual ecology platform with associated field explorations and data analysis using a 360° video apparatus and software applications augmented with wildlife camera trap videos and aerial drone images at Washington State University in an undergraduate Natural Resource Ecology class. Throughout four semesters (fall 2020 to spring 2022) of synchronous online instruction, students have been using the virtual platform simulating the natural landscape at Kamiak Butte County Park. The immersive virtual ecology platform provides students with (1) access to broader learning comprehension of abiotic and biotic landscapes; (2) ability to collect and analyze tree data to describe differential woodland site characteristics; (3) visualization of native wildlife habitat uses; and (4) guidance through virtual field instruction tasks. With softening of pandemic restrictions in 2022, we designed the immersive virtual ecology platform in conjunction with in‐person learning. This proof‐of‐concept article briefly summarizes the steps followed in creating this blended delivery curriculum using a hybrid field trip experience in combining virtual data discovery with live field trips and classroom events.
A spectral collocation method for a nonlinear multidimensional Volterra integral equation
Authors: Zheng Weishan , Chen Yanping
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a spectral method is implemented to solve a nonlinear multidimensional Volterra integral equation. Under some condition, the spectral convergence analysis of the solution is investigated in both norm and norm. The results of a numerical example confirm the theoretical prediction.
Recasting the “middle man:” the role of charities in the age of disintermediation
Authors: Niles Meredith
Published: November 2022

The number of people donating to charities is declining at a time when technology is enabling a proliferation of new ways of offering support—from crowdfunding to hacking commercial platforms like AirBnB for novel purposes. There is a risk that charities could lose their traditional position as a trusted intermediary between individuals who want to help and people who need their support. This paper offers some suggestions as to why disintermediated giving may, in some situations, offer a more attractive donor experience than traditional charitable giving and suggests some possible areas for further study.
Self‐compassion and fear of cancer recurrence in Chinese breast cancer patients: The mediating role of maladaptive cognitive styles
Authors: Zhu Lei , Wei Liuyu , Xiaomin Yang , Zhao Jiang , Yu Yunlei , Sun Shasha , Wang Xiao , Yao Juntao , Xie Juan
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Previous studies have examined the benefits of self‐compassion for psychological symptoms in breast cancer patients; however, little is known about the role of self‐compassion for patients' fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) as well as the underlying mediating mechanisms. This study aimed to examine the effect of self‐compassion on FCR, and whether maladaptive cognitive styles mediate this relationship.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 304 females with breast cancer. A self‐report questionnaire was used to assess patients' self‐compassion, maladaptive cognitive styles (i.e., rumination and catastrophising), and FCR. Parallel mediation analyses were conducted to examine the research questions.

Results

Approximately half of the patients with breast cancer reported elevated levels of FCR. Self‐compassion was negatively related to FCR, and the relationship between self‐compassion and FCR was mediated by catastrophising, whereas rumination did not significantly mediate the relationship between self‐compassion and FCR.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that self‐compassion and catastrophising are closely associated with FCR in patients with breast cancer, and catastrophising is a mediator between self‐compassion and FCR. Clinicians could reduce breast cancer patients' FCR by enhancing their self‐compassion and improving their maladaptive cognitive styles.
Self‐enhanced plasma brush for therapeutic use in dermatology and its safety assessment
Authors: Zhao Yajun , Yang Jiaqi , Liu Yuzhuang , Liu Zhiyan , Zhang Li , Cui Xinglei , Jin Shanshan , Liu Feng , Fang Zhi
Published: November 2022

In this study, a self‐enhanced plasma brush based on a single dielectric barrier discharge was developed by optimizing the load position for treatment in dermatology. The electrical, optical, and temperature characteristics of the fabricated reactor were investigated. Results show that the length and the width of the plasma brush could reach 20 and 15 mm, respectively. The electric field and the resulting discharge between the reactor and the human impedance model were enhanced and the discharging resistance decreased when introducing a human load. The plume temperature is around 24°C and the current flowing through the human model is lower than the threshold of perception current, which is friendly for human contact. The sterilization effects are verified by killing Escherichia coli.
Improving electrochemical sensitivity of screen‐printed carbon electrodes by atmospheric pressure plasma jet treatment and electrochemical detection of dopamine
Authors: Barman Kalyani , Luhar Sunil , Rane Ramkrishna , Srivastava Divesh N. , Nema Sudhir K. , Bhattacharjee Sudeep
Published: November 2022

Screen‐printed carbon electrode (SPCE) has various crucial applications as biosensors. The binders used in the ink formulation of the SPCEs reduce the electron transfer from an electrolyte to it. In this study, we used an argon atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ), a cost‐effective device, to modify the SPCE surface. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show binder removal and oxidation of the APPJ‐treated SPCE surface. Due to binder removal and exposure of graphitic surface, the hydrophilicity of the APPJ‐treated SPCE surface enhances significantly. Moreover, oxidation makes the electrode more suitable for dopamine adsorption, resulting in enhanced sensitivity. The detection limit for the APPJ‐treated electrode is 1 μm, as observed in this study. Cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy have been performed on APPJ‐treated and untreated SPCEs.
Highly Si‐Doped GaN Regrown by Metal–Organic Vapor‐Phase Epitaxy for Ohmic Contact Applied to Quaternary Barrier‐Based High‐Electron‐Mobility Transistors
Authors: Pitaval Charles , Lacam Cédric , Defrance Nicolas , Gaquière Christophe , Michel Nicolas , Parillaud Olivier , Delage Sylvain L.
Published: November 2022

The quaternary barrier InAlGaN is suitable for GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistors (HEMT) power microwave applications. High doping of the semiconductor under the drain and source is a known suitable solution to achieve low ohmic contact resistance. However, InAlGaN quaternary alloys require a low thermal budget to avoid indium desorption from the active layer during regrowth and thus deteriorating the barrier. Herein, a selective‐area growth technique at 850 °C by metal–organic vapor‐phase epitaxy (MOVPE) to achieve low contact resistance with respect to temperature constraint is presented. Regrowth temperature and mask geometry are investigated to achieve selectivity and control of the regrowth rate. The use of H2 as carrier gas decomposes the GaN buffer layer and damages the surface, creating material cluster during regrowth. Growth with N2 carrier gas shows nonselective epitaxy, as there are deposits on the entire surface of the dielectric mask. Switching from one carrier gas to another depending on the step in the MOVPE reactor helps to control both the morphology and selectivity. The resulting high doping levels of 8 × 1019 cm−3 lead to a low contact resistance of 0.26 Ω mm.
Study of AlGaN/GaN High‐Electron‐Mobility Transistors on Si Substrate with Thick Copper‐Metallized Interconnects for Ka‐Band Applications
Authors: Lee Ming-Wen , Lin Yueh-Chin , Lai Kuan-Hsien , Weng You-Chen , Hsu Heng-Tung , Chang Edward Yi
Published: November 2022

Herein, the AlGaN/GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistors (HEMTs) on silicon substrates using thick copper‐metallized interconnects with Pt diffusion barrier layer for Ka‐band application are reported. High output power density of 6.6 W mm−1with power‐added efficiency (PAE) of 45.6% at 28 GHz is achieved for the 4 × 50 μm device in continuous‐wave (CW) mode. No obvious change in the drain–source current (IDS) is observed for the device under 40 V high‐voltage stress for 100 h and the device shows good thermal stability when annealed at 300 °C for 30 min. It demonstrates that the AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on silicon substrate with thick copper‐metallized interconnects can enhance the device performance with good reliability for future 5 G applications.
Technology supports in the UDL framework: Removable scaffolds or permanent new literacies?
Authors: Vasinda Sheri , Pilgrim Jodi
Published: November 2022

Sharing multiliteracies goals of equitable access to educational success, the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework includes the use of contemporary technology tools, or new literacies, to customize ways to access information and processes and to construct and communicate knowledge. UDL also positions technology as a scaffold. In this commentary, we join other scholars in suggesting that identifying technology tools as scaffolds to traditional literacies is problematic because of two missing characteristics of scaffolding: (1) ongoing diagnosis and calibrated support and (2) fading. After presenting a review of scaffolding literature and examining key characteristics, we describe how technology use changes the nature of scaffolding. Next, we highlight the UDL guidelines and recommendations for the use of digital tools as well as uncover contradictions in technology's use as scaffolds. Additionally, we explore the intersection of UDL with multiliteracies and New Literacies highlighting the stances of equity, inclusion, and school success. We describe transitions from traditional scaffolding, to scaffolding in the UDL framework, to new literacy options that lead to multiliterate agency. We argue that everyday digital tools with inclusive features are new literacies options, that are readily available given equitable access to the Internet, devices, and software. They provide opportunities for learners to demonstrate their multiliterate agency and experience school success. Finally, we propose the concept of Universal Access to Learning in which UDL realigns with its architectural inspiration and foundation, Universal Design, to ensure consistent and continuing, or permanent, access to digital tools.
Assessing city sustainable development—Residents' quality of life from the perspective of sustainable development goals and spatiotemporal evolution
Authors: Shi Zhen , Wu Yingju , Chiu Yung‐ho , Pang Qinghua , Zhang Lina
Published: November 2022

Scientific evaluation of the sustainable development efficiency of China's large and medium‐sized cities has far‐reaching significance to how to improve the well‐being of residents and improve the level of sustainable development. This research uses the parallel two‐stage SBM dynamic (PT‐DSBM) model to evaluate the sustainable development efficiency of 33 cities in eastern, central, and western China. The innovation of this article is divided into two points. First of all, the PT‐DSBM model is used to subdivide the sustainable development system into social, economic, and ecological subsystems and closely integrates it with residents' QOL, which further reveals the inherent mechanism of the sustainable development system. Second, the spatiotemporal evolution can further reveal the spatiotemporal changes of sustainable development and residents' QOL within the scope of this investigation. The results show the following. (1) The overall efficiency of urban sustainable development in China is high in the east and west and low in the central. (2) The social subsystem efficiency in western cities exhibits outstanding performance, eastern cities perform better in economic and ecological sustainable subsystems, while the efficiency of residents' QOL remains at a high level in the sample cities as a whole. (3) In the study of spatiotemporal evolution, the concentration of urban sustainable development decreases with time evolution. Finally, this research gives suggestions on social security, stakeholder engagement, and environmental policies.
Dinitro Anacardic Acid Copper(II) Complex—A Bio‐based Catalyst for Room Temperature Synthesis of Indolizine
Authors: Nagarkar Rahul , Dapurkar Sudhir
Published: November 2022

This article reports the room temperature, gram‐scale synthesis of a novel, bio‐based 4’,5’‐dintro anacardic acid copper(II) complex (2 : 1 form) and its application as a homogeneous catalyst for room temperature synthesis of 1,4‐napthoquinone based indolizines. The bio‐based 4’,5’‐dinitro anacardic acid copper(II) complex was derived from cashew nut shell liquid which is a renewable but underutilized agro by‐product of the cashew industry. The synthesized copper complex was characterized through different techniques such as FT‐IR, UV, ESI‐MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, TGA, ICP‐MPAES, and HPLC analysis. To evaluate catalyst performance, the synthesis of indolizine resulting from a three component reaction of 1, 4‐naphthoquinone, pyridine, and ethyl acetoacetate was taken as a model reaction. Due to structural advantages, performance of the catalyst was excellent over the conventional copper salts in an array of green solvents. Further, the catalyst performance was tested using 3‐substituted pyridines in model reaction and gave excellent regioselectivity. This article highlights the novel applications of naturally occurring anacardic acid and its copper derivatives in organic transformations.
Hydrodeoxygenation of Anisole by Using a Ruthenium‐Containing Nickel‐Iron Hydrotalcite‐Based Catalyst
Authors: Aswin P. , Sreenavya A. , Venkatesha N. J. , Ganesh V. , Balamurugan S. , Sakthivel A.
Published: November 2022

Ruthenium‐loaded nickel‐iron (Ni−Fe) hydrotalcite materials were synthesized via the co‐precipitation method. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized materials were characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods. The highly crystalline nature of Ni−Fe HT (NiFe‐0.5) hydrotalcite material was evident from powder XRD studies. The presence of uniformly dispersed ruthenium in its NiRu alloy form was evident from the TPR studies. The synthesized materials show promising catalytic performance for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of anisole under ambient reaction conditions (190 °C, 20 bar H2). The catalyst prepared with a nickel‐to‐iron molar ratio of 2 : 1 (NF0.5 A) exhibited a good hydrotalcite structure and moderate catalytic activity for the hydrotreatment of anisole. The catalytic activity was improved by the introduction of 4 wt. % ruthenium on the surface of Ni−Fe hydrotalcite (NF0.5Ru), which shows 98 % anisole conversion with the selective formation of toluene as the major product. Catalytic activity remained for several consecutive runs. The recycled catalyst showed a similar conversion with the formation of toluene and methylcyclohexane as the major products. The variation in the selectivity might be due to the re‐dispersion of Ni−Ru active sites.
The Role of Ultra‐Heavy Petroleum Blends Composition on Hydrocracking Efficiency under Accelerated Catalyst Deactivation Protocol
Authors: Ahmed Hoda S. , Aboutaleb Wael A. , Mohamed Latiefa Kh. , El Sayed Hussien A.
Published: November 2022

The deactivation of commercial NiMo/SiO2−Al2O3 hydrocracking catalysts under fast deactivation procedures were investigated. Two blends of atmospheric fuel oil with other heavy oils in different ratios (0–100 %) were utilized as feedstock. The protocol was used to investigate the effect of blend chemical composition on coke and metal deposition. The produced oils and spent catalysts were characterized by several techniques. The results showed that utilizing blend 1 has resulted in a higher coke formation during hydrocracking than blend 2. Furthermore, the catalyst textural properties were declined if compared to the case of blend 2 utilization. The activity was illustrated in the basis of heterocompounds, asphaltene and wax content. The time on stream investigations (4–20 h) revealed the increase in coke formation and dramatic decrease in catalyst's textures along first 4 hours then leveled off. Regeneration catalyst at 450 °C for 12 h the catalyst properties were recovered.
The Synergistic Effect of Intumescent Fire‐Resistive Paint Containing TiO2 Nanoparticles and Chlorinated Paraffin onto Atmospheric‐Metallic Substrates
Authors: Sobhani Elahe , Heris Saeed Zeinali , Mousavi Seyed Borhan
Published: November 2022

This research aimed to investigate the impact of diverse formulations of paints for atmospheric‐metallic substrates. TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and chlorinated paraffin (CP) were utilized as modifiers to develop the fire protection feature of intumescent fire‐resistive paints. The best formulation of the fireproof paint was the simultaneous use of 3.9 wt % TiO2 nanoparticles and 9.3 wt % CP. The synergistic impacts on the paint characteristics were studied in detail by TGA, FTIR, SEM, XRD, and Bunsen burner tests. The TGA outcomes confirmed that adding TiO2 NPs and CP could enhance the residue weight of the paints and increase the anti‐oxidation corresponding to the char layers at high temperatures. The SEM images showed that adding CP and TiO2 NPs could enhance the carbonaceous layer surface structure, and the best outcome was attained by combining both synergistic agents.
Water‐assisted, Highly‐selective and Rapid Synthesis of Cyclopropane Derivatives by a [2+1] Annulation Reaction
Authors: Liu Li‐Jia , Dai Ming , Song Lei , Chen Hui‐Yu , Bian Ming , Gao Yu‐Ning , Liu Zhen‐Jiang
Published: November 2022

The [2+1] annulation reaction of α‐keto sulfur ylides and β, γ‐unsaturated‐α‐ketoesters was studied in detail. A series of 1,2,3‐trisubstituted cyclopropane derivatives were acquired in moderate to good yields with excellent diastereoselectivities through this rapid and effective reaction in only 10 minutes. The reaction condition is simple and mild without any alkali, catalyst or additive. The corresponding experiments revealed that single cyclopropane product could be obtained in the assistance of water in this reaction.
Rheological Tunable Magnetic Fluids with Long‐Term Stability
Authors: Wang Meng , Hu Tao , Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Yu Zhen , Liu Li , Song Ying , Yang Jianfeng , Yang Hong , Li Quan
Published: November 2022

Magnetic fluids have advantages such as flow ability and solid‐like property in strong magnetic fields, but have to suffer from the tradeoff between suspension stability and flow resistance. In this work, a thermal/photo/magnetorheological water‐based magnetic fluid is fabricated by using oleic acid‐coated Fe3O4 (Fe3O4@OA) nanoparticles as the magnetic particles and the amphiphilic penta block copolymer (PTMC‐F127‐PTMC)‐based aqueous solution as the carrier fluid. Due to the hydrophobic self‐assembly between Fe3O4@OA and PTMC‐F127‐PTMC, the Newtonian‐like magnetic fluid has outstanding long‐term stability and reversible rheological changes between the low‐viscosity flow state and the 3D gel structure. In the linear viscoelastic region, the viscosity exhibits an abrupt increase from below 0.10 Pa s at 20 °C to ≈1.3 × 104 Pa s at 40 °C. Benefitting from the photothermal and magnetocaloric effects of the Fe3O4@OA nanoparticles, the rheological change process also can be controlled by near infrared light and alternating magnetic field, which endows the magnetic fluid with the applications in the fields of mobile valves, moveable switches, buffer or damping materials in sealed devices, etc.
Phototherapy and Mechanism Exploration of Biofilm and Multidrug‐Resistant Helicobacter pylori by Bacteria‐Targeted NIR Photosensitizer
Authors: Qiao Yanqi , Ma Yan , Tong Yue , Liu Wenting , Wang Shuo , Zheng Ying , Men Changjun , Yu Jie , Pan Jie , Wan Dong , Yin Yongmei , Zhao Xiujie , Xi Rimo , Meng Meng
Published: November 2022

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been the leading cause of gastric cancer development. In recent years, the resistance of H. pylori against antibiotic treatment has been a great challenge for most countries worldwide. Since biofilm formation is one of the reasons for the antibiotic resistance of H. pylori, and phototherapy has emerged as a promisingly alternative antibacterial treatment, herein the bacteria‐targeted near‐infrared (NIR) photosensitizer (T780T‐Gu) by combining positively‐charged guanidinium (Gu) with an efficient phototherapeutic agent T780T is developed. The proposed molecule T780T‐Gu exhibits synergistic photothermal therapy/photodynamic therapy effect against both H. pylori biofilms and multidrug‐resistant (MDR) clinical strains. More importantly, the phototherapy mechanism of T780T‐Gu acquired by the RNA‐seq analysis indicates that structural deficiency as well as a decrease in metabolism and defense activity are the possible reasons for the efficient H. pylori phototherapy.
Portable, Automated and Deep‐Learning‐Enabled Microscopy for Smartphone‐Tethered Optical Platform Towards Remote Homecare Diagnostics: A Review
Authors: Kim Kisoo , Lee Won Gu
Published: November 2022

Globally new pandemic diseases induce urgent demands for portable diagnostic systems to prevent and control infectious diseases. Smartphone‐based portable diagnostic devices are significantly efficient tools to user‐friendly connect personalized health conditions and collect valuable optical information for rapid diagnosis and biomedical research through at‐home screening. Deep learning algorithms for portable microscopes also help to enhance diagnostic accuracy by reducing the imaging resolution gap between benchtop and portable microscopes. This review highlighted recent progress and continued efforts in a smartphone‐tethered optical platform through portable, automated, and deep‐learning‐enabled microscopy for personalized diagnostics and remote monitoring. In detail, the optical platforms through smartphone‐based microscopes and lens‐free holographic microscopy are introduced, and deep learning‐based portable microscopic imaging is explained to improve the image resolution and accuracy of diagnostics. The challenges and prospects of portable optical systems with microfluidic channels and a compact microscope to screen COVID‐19 in the current pandemic are also discussed. It has been believed that this review offers a novel guide for rapid diagnosis, biomedical imaging, and digital healthcare with low cost and portability.
Filterless Visible‐Range Color Sensing and Wavelength‐Selective Photodetection Based on Barium/Nickel Codoped Bandgap‐Engineered Potassium Sodium Niobate Ferroelectric Ceramics
Authors: Balanov Vasilii A. , Temerov Filipp , Pankratov Vladimir , Cao Wei , Bai Yang
Published: November 2022

Photosensors, photodetectors, or color sensors are key components for various optical and optoelectronic applications. Semiconductor‐based photodetection has been a dominator which is excellent at measuring the photon intensity of incident light. However, the wavelength of the incident light to be measured must be known beforehand and it mostly depends on auxiliary methods to filter unknown wavelengths. Herein, an alternative but simple mechanism that is using a monolithic, bandgap‐engineered photoferroelectric ceramic to blindly determine the wavelength and intensity of incident light at the same time is demonstrated. The photoferroelectric compound is Ba‐ and Ni‐codoped (K,Na)NbO3 exhibiting a direct bandgap of ≈2 eV and a spontaneous polarization of ≈0.25 C m−2. The band–band charge carrier transition is confirmed by multiple characterization methods of photoluminescence, photodielectric spectroscopy, and photoconductivity. The existent optoelectrical cumulative effect enabled by the simultaneous narrow bandgap and strong ferroelectricity allows to reliably distinguish the wavelengths of 405, 552, and 660 nm as well as the power density ranging from ≈0.1 to 10 W cm−2, with the photoresponsivity of up to 60 μA W−1. Consequently, this work proposes an alternative to semiconductor‐based counterparts for filterless, wavelength‐selective photodetection and color sensing.
Reputation‐based partition scheme for IoT security
Authors: Chen Zhikui , Haider Muhammad Zeeshan , Luo Naiwen , Yu Shuo , Yuan Xu , Zhang Yaochen , Noreen Tayyaba
Published: November 2022

With the popularity of smart terminals, such as the Internet of Things, crowdsensing is an emerging data aggregation paradigm, which plays a pivotal role in data‐driven applications. There are some key issues in the development of crowdsensing such as platform security and privacy protection. As the crowdsensing is usually managed by a centralized platform, centralized management will bring various security vulnerabilities and scalability issues. To solve these issues, an effective reputation‐based partition scheme (RSPC) is proposed in this article. The partition scheme calculates the optimal partition size by combining the node reputation value and divides the node into several disjoint partitions according to the node reputation value. By selecting the appropriate partition size, RSPC provides a mechanism to ensure that each partition is valid, as long as the maximum permissible threshold for the failed node is observed. At the same time, the RSPC reorganizes the network periodically to avoid partition attacks. In addition, for cross‐partition transactions, this paper innovatively proposes a four‐stage confirmation protocol to ensure the efficient and safe completion of cross‐partition transactions. Finally, experiments show that RSPC improves scalability, low latency, and high throughput for crowdsensing.
Assessment of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance among the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from animal meat and carcass samples
Authors: Poursina Shahrokh , Ahmadi Mohammad , Fazeli Fatemeh , Ariaii Peiman
Published: November 2022

Background

Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria are emerging causes of food spoilage and foodborne diseases. Raw meat of animal species may consider a reservoir of P. aeruginosa strains.

Objectives

The present survey was done to assess the prevalence, antibiotic resistance properties and distribution of virulence factors among the P. aeruginosa strains isolated from raw meat and carcass surface swab samples of animal species.

Methods

Five hundred and fifty raw meat and carcass surface swab samples were collected from cattle and sheep species referred to as slaughterhouses. P. aeruginosa bacteria were identified using culture and biochemical tests. The pattern of antibiotic resistance was determined by disk diffusion. The distribution of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes was determined using polymerase chain reaction.

Results

Forty‐seven of 550 (8.54%) examined samples were contaminated with P. aeruginosa. The prevalence of P. aeruginosa in raw meat and carcass surface swab samples were 6.57 and 12%, respectively. P. aeruginosa isolates showed the maximum resistance rate toward penicillin (87.23%), ampicillin (85.10%), tetracycline (85.10%), gentamicin (65.95%) and trimethoprim (57.44%). The most commonly detected antibiotic resistance genes were BlaCTX‐M (53.19%), blaDHA (42.55%) and blaTEM (27.65%). The most commonly detected virulence factors was ExoS (42.55%), algD (31.91%), lasA (31.91%), plcH (31.91%) and exoU (25.53%).

Conclusions

Meat and carcass surface swab samples may be sources of resistant and virulent P. aeruginosa, which pose a hygienic threat in their consumption. However, further investigations are required to identify additional epidemiological features of P. aeruginosa in meat and carcass surface samples.
Linearized off-shell 4+7 supergeometry of 11D supergravity
Authors: Becker Katrin , Butter Daniel , Sengupta Anindya
Published: November 2022

Abstract

We describe the linearized supergeometry of eleven dimensional supergravity with four off-shell local supersymmetries. We start with a background Minkowski 11D, N=1 superspace, and an additional ingredient of a global, constant, G2-structure which facilitates the definition of a 4|4 + 7 background superspace. A bottom-up construction of linear fluctuations of the geometric constituents (such as supervielbein, spin connection, and the super 3-form of 11D supergravity) is given in terms of 4D, N=1 prepotential superfields. This is complemented by a top-down description of the linearized supergeometry of the 4|4 + 7 superspace dealing directly with torsion, curvature, and Bianchi identities. Torsion constraints that (combined with the Bianchi identities) lead to the preceding prepotential expressions of the gauge fields are identified. All irreducible consequences of the torsion and 4-form Bianchi identities are systematically derived except for dimension 2 Bianchi identities of the 4-form, and dimension $$ \frac{5}{2} $$

5
2

Bianchi identities of torsion, which set bosonic curls of components of one lower dimension to zero.
Survey of treatment and care practices in small-cell lung cancer among German radiation oncologists
Authors: Gnüchtel J. , Vordermark D. , Medenwald D.
Published: November 2022

Background

The management of small-cell lung cancer shows differences, particularly with regard to the use of radio- (RT), chemo-, and immunotherapy. We performed a survey among German radiation oncologists to assess the management of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Methods

A 34-question online survey was created and sent out by e‑mail to radiation oncologists throughout Germany. The survey period extended from August 2020 to January 2021. The questions addressed indications for RT, planning techniques, dosing/fractionation, target volume definition for consolidative thoracic irradiation, and the use of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI). At the same time, we surveyed the use of atezolizumab. The survey addressed the treatment practice for limited-stage SCLC (LS-SCLC) and extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC).

Results

We received 74 responses. In LS-SCLC, treatment is planned predominantly based on diagnostic information from computed tomography (CT) of the thorax/abdomen/pelvis (88%), PET-CT (86%), and pulmonary function testing (88%). In LS-SCLC, 99% of respondents perform radiation concurrently with chemotherapy, preferably starting with cycle one or two (71%) of chemotherapy. The most common dose and fractionation schedule was 60–66 Gy in 30–33 fractions (once daily: 62% of all respondents). In ES-SCLC, 30 Gy in 10 fractions (once daily: 33% of all respondents) was the most commonly used regimen in consolidative thoracic irradiation. Only 25% use chemosensitization with RT. The inclusion criteria for PCI were similar for limited and extensive disease, with Karnofsky index (78% and 75%) being the most important decision factor. Respondents use a schedule of 30 Gy in 15 fractions most frequently in both stages (68% limited stage [LS], 60% extensive stage [ES]). Immunotherapy was used regularly or occasionally in LS-SCLC by 45% of respondents, with reduced lung function (37%), cardiac comorbidities (30%), and hepatic insufficiency (30%) being the most commonly mentioned exclusion criteria for this form of therapy. In ES-SCLC, atezolizumab use was reported in 78% of all questionnaires. Half of the respondents (49%) administer it simultaneously with cranial irradiation.

Conclusion

Our survey showed variability in the management of SCLC. Results from future studies might help to clarify open questions regarding the optimal treatment paradigms. In addition, new treatment modalities, such as immunotherapy, might change practices in the near future.
Does using 3D printed models for pre-operative planning improve surgical outcomes of foot and ankle fracture fixation? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wood Lea , Ahmed Zubair
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The systematic review aims to establish the value of using 3D printing-assisted pre-operative planning, compared to conventional planning, for the operative management of foot and ankle fractures.

Methods

The systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Two authors performed searches on three electronic databases. Studies were included if they conformed to pre-established eligibility criteria. Primary outcome measures included intraoperative blood loss, operation duration, and fluoroscopy time. The American orthopaedic foot and ankle score (AOFAS) was used as a secondary outcome. Quality assessment was completed using the Cochrane RoB2 form and a meta-analysis was performed to assess heterogeneity.

Results

Five studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were eventually included in the review. A meta-analysis established that using 3D printed models for pre-operative planning resulted in a significant reduction in operation duration (mean difference [MD] = − 23.52 min, 95% CI [− 39.31, − 7.74], p = 0.003), intraoperative blood loss (MD = − 30.59 mL, 95% CI [− 46.31, − 14.87], p = 0.0001), and number of times fluoroscopy was used (MD = − 3.20 times, 95% CI [− 4.69, − 1.72], p < 0.0001). Using 3D printed models also significantly increased AOFAS score results (MD = 2.24, 95% CI [0.69, 3.78], p = 0.005), demonstrating improved ankle health.

Conclusion

The systematic review provides promising evidence that 3D printing-assisted surgery significantly improves treatment for foot and ankle fractures in terms of operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, number of times fluoroscopy was used intraoperatively, and improved overall ankle health as measured by the AOFAS score.
One-shot additive manufacturing of robotic finger with embedded sensing and actuation
Authors: Stano Gianni , Ovy S M Al Islam , Edwards Jakob Ryan , Cianchetti Matteo , Percoco Gianluca , Tadesse Yonas
Published: November 2022

A main challenge in the additive manufacturing (AM) field is the possibility to create structures with embedded actuators and sensors: addressing this requirement would lead to a reduction of manual assembly tasks and product cost, pushing AM technologies into a new dimension for the fabrication of assembly-free smart objects. The main novelty of the present paper is the one shot fabrication of a 3D printed soft finger with an embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator and two different 3D printed sensors (strain gauge and capacitive force sensor). 3D printed structures, fabricated with the proposed approach, can be immediately activated after their removal from the build plate, providing real-time feedback because of the embedded sensing units. Three different materials from two nozzles were extruded to fabricate the passive elements and sensing units of the proposed bioinspired robotic finger and a custom-made Cartesian pick and place robot (CPPR) was employed to integrate the SMA spring actuator into the 3D printed robotic finger during the fabrication processes. Another novelty of the present paper is the direct integration of SMA actuators during the 3D printing process. The low melting thermoplastic polycaprolactone (PCL) was extruded: its printing temperature of 70 °C is lower than the SMA austenitic start temperature, preventing the SMA activation during the manufacturing process. Two different sensors based on the piezoresistive principle and capacitive principle were studied, 3D printed and characterized, showing respectively a sensitivity ratio of change in resistance to finger bending angle to be 674.8 $$\frac{\Omega }{^\circ \mathrm{Angle}}$$

Ω

∘

Angle

and a capacitance to force ratio of $$0.53 \frac{\mathrm{pF}}{\mathrm{N}}$$

0.53

pF
N

. The proposed manufacturing approach paves the way for significant advancement of AM technologies in the field of smart structures with embedded actuators to provide real-time feedback, offering several advantages, especially in the soft robotics domain.
Second Order Expansion for the Nonlocal Perimeter Functional
Authors: Knüpfer Hans , Shi Wenhui
Published: November 2022

The seminal results of Bourgain et al. (Optimal Control and Partial Differential Equations, IOS, Amsterdam, 2001) and Dávila (Calc Var Partial Differ Equ 15(4):519–527, 2002) show that the classical perimeter can be approximated by a family of nonlocal perimeter functionals. We consider a corresponding second order expansion for the nonlocal perimeter functional. In a special case, the considered family of energies is also relevant for a variational model for thin ferromagnetic films. We derive the$$\Gamma $$Γ–limit of these functionals as$$\epsilon \rightarrow 0$$ϵ→0. We also show existence for minimizers with prescribed volume fraction. For small volume fraction, the unique, up to translation, minimizer of the limit energy is given by the ball. The analysis is based on a systematic exploitation of the associated symmetrized autocorrelation function.