bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ИЗ РАДА УДРУЖЕЊА АРХИВСКИХ РАДНИКА РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРПСКЕ (децембар 2017 – новембар 2018)
Authors: МАЧКИЋ ЗОРАН
Published: May 2019

У тиражу од тристо примјерака, из штампе је 18. децембра 2017. изашао девети број ''Гласника Удружења архивских радника Републике Српске'', који је окупио 35 сарадника, а садржи 45 текстова, и то: 1. Архивистика (1), 2. Исто-риографија (18), 3. Објављивање грађе (3), 4. Прикази и осврти (20), 5. Извје-штај о раду Удружења (1) и 6. In memoriam (2). У сарадњи са Архивом Српске православне цркве из Београда и Архивом Републике Српске, а поводом полагања камена темељца и освећења темеља руско-српског храма у Бањалуци посвећеног цару мученику Николају II Романову и његовој породици, Удружење архивских радника Републике Српске издало је књиге др Радована Пилиповића ''Српска православна црква и руска емиграција (1920–1940)'' и Зорана С. Мачкића ''Из Родине у Бањалуку. Руска емиграција у Бањалуци''.
Immiscibility behind the metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy of InGaN
Authors: Onabe Kentaro
Published: May 2019

The vapor–solid phase equilibrium and the solid composition versus input group-III ratio relationship for the metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy of InGaN are analyzed on the basis of standard thermodynamics. Immiscibility is inherent in the activities of the InN and GaN components. A miscibility gap (MG) definitely appears in the vapor–solid phase equilibrium below the critical temperature. At a given temperature, the equilibrium partial pressures are fixed at those for the binodal compositions across the MG. In the solid composition versus input group-III ratio diagram, the MG at a given temperature is represented by a straight line which gives a weighted average of the binodal compositions for a given input group-III ratio. The apparently uniform compositions observed in low-temperature growth may be attributed to the non-equilibrium “freeze-out” effect of the growth species due to the slow surface kinetics.
The new nitrides: layered, ferroelectric, magnetic, metallic and superconducting nitrides to boost the GaN photonics and electronics eco-system
Authors: Jena Debdeep , Page Ryan , Casamento Joseph , Dang Phillip , Singhal Jashan , Zhang Zexuan , Wright John , Khalsa Guru , Cho Yongjin , Xing Huili Grace
Published: May 2019

The nitride semiconductor materials GaN, AlN, and InN, and their alloys and heterostructures have been investigated extensively in the last 3 decades, leading to several technologically successful photonic and electronic devices. Just over the past few years, a number of “new” nitride materials have emerged with exciting photonic, electronic, and magnetic properties. Some examples are 2D and layered hBN and the III–V diamond analog cBN, the transition metal nitrides ScN, YN, and their alloys (e.g. ferroelectric ScAlN), piezomagnetic GaMnN, ferrimagnetic Mn4N, and epitaxial superconductor/semiconductor NbN/GaN heterojunctions. This article reviews the fascinating and emerging physics and science of these new nitride materials. It also discusses their potential applications in future generations of devices that take advantage of the photonic and electronic devices eco-system based on transistors, light-emitting diodes, and lasers that have already been created by nitride semiconductors.
An Austrian in Hollywood: the representation of foreigners in the films of Billy Wilder
Authors: Chiaro Delia , De Bonis Giuseppe
Published: May 2019

This paper examines the work of Billy Wilder whose rich cinematic production frequently involves the collision of different languages as well as the clash of dissimilar cultures. As an Austrian living in the USA, the director had the privilege of gaining insight into his adopted culture from the point of view of an outsider – a bilingual ‘other’ who made 25 films in almost 40 years of working in Hollywood. His films recurrently depict foreign characters at which Wilder pokes fun whether they are English, French, German, Italian, Russian or even the Americans of his adopted country. More precisely, the paper offers an overview of the multi-modal portrayals of diverse ‘foreigners’, namely Germans, Russians, French and Italians, with examples taken from a small but significant sample of Wilder’s films. The subtitling of dialogue in the secondary language for the target English-speaking audience and the specific translation solutions are not within the scope of this discussion, instead we focus on the comic collision of two languages and more importantly, on the way Wilder implements humour to highlight the absurdity of cultural difference. In other words, our main goal is to explore two or more languages in contrast when they become a humorous trope.
Multilingual humour in a polyglot multicultural author: the case of Fouad Laroui
Authors: Vezzaro Cristina , Lievois Katrien
Published: May 2019

This paper focuses primarily on the Dutch and Italian translations of Laroui’s works, in which the two central features of his writing, i.e. humour and multilingualism, are strictly related. Laroui is a transcultural author fluent in French, English, Dutch, dialectal Arabic and classical Arabic, and his works reflect the different layers of experiences and languages he has gathered during his life. Humour, on the other hand, is a way for him to present, in an axiological opposition, different viewpoints that mostly cross cultures, nationalities and social hierarchies. Our analysis of Le Jour où Malika ne s’est pas mariée and Une année chez les Français has allowed us to pinpoint the interaction between the two main features of his writing and examine the creation of puns by means of different languages or loanwords. We have then analysed the various strategies adopted by translators and commented their different solutions. Our analysis has allowed us to identify three different ways in which a third language (L3) in the source text - often connected to humour - is rendered in the target text, i.e. (1) taken as it is, (2) distorted or adapted to the target language and (3) kept with an intertextual or paratextual element or replaced altogether.
AS IMPLICAÇÕES DE UMA PRÁTICA DE MODELAGEM MATEMÁTICA DESENVOLVIDA A PARTIR DA COBERTURA DE UMA CASA
Authors: Rehfeldt Márcia Jussara Hepp , Neide Italo Gabriel , Böckel Wolmir José , Azambuja Karina
Published: May 2019

Este estudo apresenta os resultados obtidos no desenvolvimento de uma prática de Modelagem Matemática realizada em uma escola privada do interior do Rio Grande do Sul com trinta e cinco alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Médio. Foi uma pesquisa qualitativa, com características de estudo de caso. A situação problema apresentada aos alunos esteve relacionada à cobertura de uma casa com telhas de amianto. As atividades foram desenvolvidas em grupos, num período de dez horas de sala de aula. Os resultados foram socializados em sala de aula. Os professores atuaram como mediadores. Os resultados apontam que: a) os alunos construíram diferentes modelos matemáticos para resolver o problema; b) a escolha do tipo de telha foi baseada em custos, bem como em questões ambientais; e c) a validação de suas respostas foi feita através de desenhos ou com profissionais da área de construção civil. A atividade favoreceu o desenvolvimento de espírito crítico, autonomia e habilidades como o diálogo e o raciocínio lógico.
CURRÍCULO DO CURSO DE PEDAGOGIA: FAZER-SE PROFESSOR NO ENTREMEIO PENSADO-VIVIDO.
Authors: Carmo Priscilla Silva , Almeida Lucinalva Ataíde , Fernandes Preciosa Teixeira
Published: May 2019

Este artigo apresenta discussões sobre o currículo da formação de professores e profissionalidade docente. Entendemos o currículo como movimento que articula pensado-vivido, nas propostas oficiais, e nas práticas de currículo materializadas nas vivências do cotidiano escolar, (OLIVEIRA, 2001; ESTEBAN, 2012). Assim, apresentamos como objetivo: identificar no discurso de estudantes-professoras contribuições do eixo de Pesquisa e Prática Pedagógica para com a reconfiguração da sua profissionalidade docente. Para isso, seguimos uma abordagem qualitativa, tomando a Análise de Discurso como instrumental teórico-metodológico. A análise das entrevistas permitiu identificar a existência de um entremeio curricular, que põe em diálogo os dois espaços formativos ocupados por estes sujeitos.
Quantitative Analysis of Total Carotenoids in Some Vegetables Consumed in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Akpanikot Kufre , Udofia Ofonimeh , Akan Otobong D. , Uchechi Moses
Published: May 2019

The quantitative analysis of total carotenoids in some vegetables consumed in Akwa Ibom State was evaluated using UV-Spectrophotometer and acetone as extraction solvent. Ten different vegetable samples i.e. Carrot (Daucus carota),purpleegg plant(Solanum melongena), green egg plant (Solanum melongena), tomato(Solanum lycopersicum), cucumber(Cucummis sativa),fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis), spinach(Spinacia oleracea), red pepper(Capsicum annuum, green pepper(Capsicum annuum)and bitterleaf (Vernonia amygdalina)were purchased from local markets in Itam and Ikot Akpaden, both in Akwa Ibom State. The fresh samples were washed with tap water, followed by distilled water. The samples were homogenized separately using sterile mortar and pestle with 10 ml acetone as extraction solvent. The extract was centrifuged at 10,000rpm for 15 mins in 4°C and the supernatant analysed as soon as possible using spectrophotometer (UV-VIS 2500) at 470 nm. The quantification of carotenoids was carried out according to Harbone J B, 1973 andon the basis of Beer Lambert’s equation: A=ƸCL in mol/l and converted to mg/ml. From the result obtained, Capsicum annuum (red pepper) had the highest amount of carotenoids (2.889 mg/ml), Solanum lycopersicum showed the lowest amount of carotenoid (0.260 mg/ml) the deep green vegetables also had high quantity of carotenoids. Carotenoids are important due to the health benefits associated with the pigment acting as provitamin A, a strong antioxidant and gives colouration to plants. It also helps in preventing photo-damage in plants and has some health benefits like improving sight, reducing cancer risk to animals too. Further studies analyzing the individual carotenoids is recommended and investigation on the effect of time on extraction.
Aboveground Net Primary Production at Acacia mangium Plantation in Northern Vietnam
Authors: Thang Nguyen Toan , Lam Vu Tien , Thuyet Dang Van , Trung Phung Dinh , Sam Pham Dinh , Quy Tran Hoang , Phuong Nguyen Thi Thu , Huyen Ly Thi Thanh , Thinh Nguyen Huu , Tuan Nguyen Van , Duc Dao Trung , Ha Dang Thi Hai , Trung Duong Quang , Luong Ho Trung , Anh Nguyen Thi Hoai , Linh Mai Thi , Do Tran Van
Published: May 2019

Net primary production (NPP) is an important index for understanding carbon cycling in forest ecosystems. In this study, aboveground NPP at Acacia mangium plantation was estimated basing on allometry for aboveground biomass increment (ΔM) and litter trap technique for litterfall (Lf). The experiment was conducted in two plots of 300 m2 each (15 × 20 m), established at a 21-month old plantation. Data were collected five times of 3-month intervals in a total duration of 357 days. The results indicated that Lf and ΔM were seasonal-dependent. Litterfall was highest (4.06 g m-1 day-1) during Sep-Jan (late rainy season, early winter) and lowest (1.10 g m-1 day-1) during Mar-Jun (early rainy season, early summer). While, ΔM was highest (13.51 g m-1 day-1) during Jun-Sep (rainy season, summer) and lowest (3.10 g m-1 day-1) during Jan-Mar (dry season, winter). Total Lf in a duration of 357 days was 9.69 tons ha-1 and ΔM was 27.71 tons ha-1, leading to total aboveground NPP of the present study plantation of 37.40 tons ha-1. It is concluded that aboveground NPP of acacia plantation was much higher than other forests of different types and ages around the world. Such difference indicates the importance of acacia plantation in soil nutrient cycling through litterfall decomposition and carbon sequestration through aboveground biomass increment.
Influence of Regional Weather Changes on Major Fruit Production and Productivity of Navsari District of Gujarat State, India
Authors: Swati Shedage , Shrivastava P. K. , Singh Narendra
Published: May 2019

Horticulture is a priority sector in many states of India as it has potential to improving the socio economic condition of the farmers. Gujarat state is the fourth leading state in fruit production with 9% share at the national level. This study is conducted to correlate major weather parameters with the production of major fruit crops of Navsari district in Southern Gujarat. The study reveals that production and productivity of 4 major fruits (banana, mango, sapota and papaya) has moderate negative correlation with mean annual temperature (MAT) i.e > -50% except the productivity of land under banana. Whereas, it showed very weak negative and non significant relation with total annual Rainfall (TAR). Correlation of all four fruit production ranged between -34 to -53% and -0.7 to -62% for productivity with both MAT and TAR, respectively.
Physiotherapist‐Led Triage at a Rheumatology‐Based Musculoskeletal Assessment Clinic: an 18‐Month Service Evaluation of Activity and Outcomes
Authors: Caffrey Aoife , Smart Keith M. , FitzGerald Oliver
Published: May 2019

Objective

Physiotherapist‐led musculoskeletal triage clinics are an effective and efficient means of managing patients presenting with musculoskeletal disorders in primary and secondary care. Data regarding the activity and outcomes of physiotherapist‐led triage in hospital‐based outpatient rheumatology clinics are scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to undertake a service evaluation of activity and outcomes of a physiotherapist‐led rheumatology‐based Musculoskeletal Assessment Clinic (MAC). The primary objective was to quantify the proportion of patients independently managed by the clinical specialist physiotherapists (CSPs).

Methods

A retrospective service evaluation was undertaken of all patients who attended the RheumatologyMACat St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (SVUH) between August 2012 and February 2014. The Clinical Audit Department ofSVUHapproved the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results

Five hundred and eight patients attended theMAC: 76% were female and the mean age was 55 years and ranged between 18‐91. Seventy‐five percent of patients were independently managed by theCSPwithout needing to see a consultant rheumatologist, whereas 17% were referred to the rheumatology team. Eighty‐seven percent of patients referred to the rheumatology team had rheumatological intervention (eg, injection, medical management, or multidisciplinary rehabilitation). A substantially higher proportion of patients with regional musculoskeletal pain and degenerative conditions were independently managed by theCSPcompared with those who had rheumatological/inflammatory conditions.

Conclusion

The majority of patients who attended theMACwere independently managed by the physiotherapists, suggesting that physiotherapist‐led triage may be a useful and efficient means of managing a proportion of patients referred for a specialist rheumatological consultation.
Controlling the Magnetic Properties of LaMnO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures by Stoichiometry and Electronic Reconstruction: Atomic‐Scale Evidence
Authors: Li Mengsha , Tang Chunhua , Paudel Tula R. , Song Dongsheng , Lü Weiming , Han Kun , Huang Zhen , Zeng Shengwei , Renshaw Wang Xiao , Yang Ping , Ariando  , Chen Jingsheng , Venkatesan Thirumalai , Tsymbal Evgeny Y. , Li Changjian , Pennycook Stephen John
Published: May 2019

Interface‐driven magnetic effects and phenomena associated with spin–orbit coupling and intrinsic symmetry breaking are of importance for fundamental physics and device applications. How interfaces affect the interplay between charge, spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom is the key to boosting device performance. In LaMnO3/SrTiO3 (LMO/STO) polar–nonpolar heterostructures, electronic reconstruction leads to an antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic transition, making them viable for spin filter applications. The interfacial electronic structure plays a critical role in the understanding of the microscopic origins of the observed magnetic phase transition, from antiferromagnetic at 5 unit cells (ucs) of LMO or below to ferromagnetic at 6 ucs or above, yet such a study is missing. Here, an atomic scale understanding of LMO/STO ambipolar ferromagnetism is offered by quantifying the interface charge distribution and performing first‐principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations across this abrupt magnetic transition. It is found that the electronic reconstruction is confined within the first 3 ucs of LMO from the interface, and more importantly, it is robust against oxygen nonstoichiometry. When restoring stoichiometry, an enhanced ferromagnetic insulating state in LMO films with a thickness as thin as 2 nm (5 uc) is achieved, making LMO readily applicable as barriers in spin filters.
Metal–Organic Framework Coating for the Preservation of Silver Nanowire Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Platform
Authors: Kim Hongki , Jang Hyejeong , Moon Jeong , Byun Jihyun , Jeong Jinyoung , Jung Juyeon , Lim Eun‐Kyung , Kang Taejoon
Published: May 2019

Ag nanostructures are investigated as efficient plasmonic platforms because of their superior optical properties. However, the easy corrosion of Ag surfaces by reaction with oxygen or sulfur in the atmosphere can seriously affect the optical properties of Ag nanostructures, limiting the stable operation of Ag platforms. Herein, it is reported that a metal–organic framework (MOF) enables an Ag nanowire (NW) surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform to be corrosion resistant. A single Ag NW on a film (Ag‐NOF), an effective SERS‐active platform, is coated with the zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8, and then the corrosion resistance of the Ag‐NOF structures is examined under a variety of harsh environmental conditions. Interestingly, the MOF‐coated Ag‐NOF platforms are found to provide excellent oxidation and sulfidation resistance. With the MOF coating, the SERS signals of the Ag‐NOF structures are well maintained under harsh conditions, while the signals are reduced without MOF coating. More importantly, it is clearly verified that the MOF coating preserves the DNA sensing performance of the Ag‐NOF platform even after storage under several environmental conditions. Based on the results, it is anticipated that these MOF‐coated Ag‐NOF structures will be used as long‐term stable SERS sensors for the detection of biological and chemical molecules.
Etching Techniques in 2D Materials
Authors: He Ting , Wang Zhen , Zhong Fang , Fang Hehai , Wang Peng , Hu Weida
Published: May 2019

2D materials including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, and phosphorene have been widely researched for electronic and optoelectronic applications in recent years. Etching techniques for controlling the layer number and patterning shape of layered materials have been demonstrated to be a crucial part of the fabrication of various functional devices. Six types of etching techniques used in 2D materials are discussed, and the mechanism, purpose, and advantages of each technique are explored. In addition to the mature etching techniques widely used in thin‐film semiconductors processing such as reactive ion etching and reactive gas etching, distinct etching techniques adpoted for 2D materials including self‐limited atomic layer etching, metal‐assisted splitting, laser etching, and thermal annealing are introduced in detail. In particular, the modification of 2D materials resulting from etching‐induced defects, in particular changes to the electrical and optical properties, are discussed. Due to of the reduced dimensions and layered property of 2D materials, etching with atomic‐layer precision, anisotropy, and selectivity can be required to control the layer number and edge or define some nanostructures and special structures. Recent advances are presented for further clarification. The diversity of etching techniques effectively facilitates the development of functional devices based on 2D materials.
A New Class of Low‐Temperature Plasma‐Activated, Inorganic Salt‐Based Particle‐Free Inks for Inkjet Printing Metals
Authors: Sui Yongkun , Dai Yifan , Liu Chung Chiun , Sankaran R. Mohan , Zorman Christian A.
Published: May 2019

Inkjet printing is rapidly emerging as a means to fabricate low‐cost electronic devices; however, its widespread adoption is hindered by the complexity of the inks and the relatively high processing temperatures, limiting it to only a few metals and substrates. A new approach for inkjet printing is described, based on commercially available, particle‐free inks formulated from inorganic metal salts and their subsequent low‐temperature conversion to metallic structures by a non‐equilibrium, inert gas plasma. This single, general method is demonstrated for a library of metals including gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), and tin (Sn). As one figure of merit, the resistivities of the printed metals are measured to be between 2× and 10× of the respective bulk metals. Uniquely, it is found that the printed metal films exhibit a very large surface area because of the plasma‐initiated nucleation and growth process, making this technique attractive for sensing device applications. A Bi‐based trace Pb sensor, an Au‐based amyloid‐β42 sensor, and an Au‐based strain gauge are fabricated as representative chemical, biological, and mechanical sensors, and are found to exhibit enhanced sensitivity compared to analogues made with conventional methods.
A Magnetically Coupled Dielectric Elastomer Pump for Soft Robotics
Authors: Cao Chongjing , Gao Xing , Conn Andrew T.
Published: May 2019

Fluidic elastomer actuators have become ubiquitous in soft robotics as they can be used to create inherently compliant systems with embodied intelligence. However, they typically use conventional rigid air‐compression systems that restrict their application in untethered mobile and wearable devices. An embeddable pneumatic diaphragm pump is presented for soft robotics driven by a magnetically coupled dielectric elastomer actuator (MCDEA). The MCDEA pump exploits a compliant coupling between membranes to resonate at high power and efficiency despite the damping effects of the pneumatic chamber and valves. The MCDEA pump demonstrates an attractive dynamic performance with a peak stroke at resonance of over 800% of that at low frequencies, which corresponds to a maximum output pressure of 30.5 mbar and a flowrate of 0.9 L min−1 at a relatively low power consumption of 40 mW. The performance of this pneumatic pump design is demonstrated by integrating it with several soft robotic prototypes, including a soft gripper, ballooning chamber, and a suction cup. It shows considerable promise for driving the next generation of fully compliant and untethered soft robots.
Expansion of the clinical spectrum associated with AARS2‐related disorders
Authors: Srivastava Siddharth , Butala Ankur , Mahida Sonal , Richter John , Mu Weiyi , Poretti Andrea , Vernon Hilary , VanGerpen Jay , Atwal Paldeep S. , Middlebrooks Erik H. , Zee David S. , Naidu SakkuBai
Published: May 2019

Biallelic pathogenic variants in AARS2, a gene encoding the mitochondrial alanyl‐tRNA synthetase, result in a spectrum of findings ranging from infantile cardiomyopathy to adult‐onset progressive leukoencephalopathy. In this article, we present three unrelated individuals with novel compound heterozygous pathogenic AARS2 variants underlying diverse clinical presentations. Patient 1 is a 51‐year‐old man with adult‐onset progressive cognitive, psychiatric, and motor decline and leukodystrophy. Patient 2 is a 34‐year‐old man with childhood‐onset progressive tremor followed by the development of polyneuropathy, ataxia, and mild cognitive and psychiatric decline without leukodystrophy on imaging. Patient 3 is a 57‐year‐old woman with childhood‐onset tremor and nystagmus which preceded dystonia, chorea, ataxia, depression, and cognitive decline marked by cerebellar atrophy and white matter disease. These cases expand the clinical heterogeneity of AARS2‐related disorders, given that the first and third case represent some of the oldest known survivors of this disease, the second is adult‐onset AARS2‐related neurological decline without leukodystrophy, and the third is biallelic AARS2‐related disorder involving a partial gene deletion.
Bridging Two Worlds: Colloidal versus Epitaxial Quantum Dots
Authors: Bayer Manfred
Published: May 2019

An overview is given of two distinct classes of semiconductor quantum dots, epitaxial and colloidal structures that have been studied intensely for more than 30 years by now, however, without large interconnection between the two involved research communities. The largely parallel and independent evolution of the two structure classes may be partly related to the origin of colloidal systems from chemistry, while epitaxial quantum dots have been addressed mostly by the physics community. These independent evolutions are somewhat surprising because the interest in optics‐related applications is shared by both communities. Here, a short summary of the development of the two structure classes, the present status of activities, and some perspectives for future developments are presented.
Design and Use of de novo Cascades for the Biosynthesis of New Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids
Authors: Wang Yu , Tappertzhofen Nadine , Méndez‐Sánchez Daniel , Bawn Maria , Lyu Boyu , Ward John M. , Hailes Helen C.
Published: May 2019

The benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are an important group of secondary metabolites from higher plants and have been reported to show significant biological activities. The production of BIAs through synthetic biology approaches provides a higher‐yielding strategy than traditional synthetic methods or isolation from plant material. However, the reconstruction of BIA pathways in microorganisms by combining heterologous enzymes can also give access to BIAs through cascade reactions. Most importantly, non‐natural BIAs can be generated through such artificial pathways. In the current study, we describe the use of tyrosinases and decarboxylases and combine these with a transaminase enzyme and norcoclaurine synthase for the efficient synthesis of several BIAs, including six non‐natural alkaloids, in cascades from l‐tyrosine and analogues.
Interfacial Activity of Amine‐Functionalized Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS): A Simple Strategy To Structure Liquids
Authors: Hou Honghao , Li Jin , Li Xiangming , Forth Joe , Yin Jie , Jiang Xuesong , Helms Brett A. , Russell Thomas P.
Published: May 2019

Amine‐functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), the smallest, monodisperse cage‐shaped silica cubic nanoparticle, is exceptionally interfacially active and can form assemblies that jam the toluene/water interface, locking in non‐equilibrium shapes of one liquid phase in another. The packing density of the amine‐functionalized POSS assembly at the water/toluene interface can be tuned by varying the concentration, the pH value, and the degree of POSS functionalization. Functionalized POSS gives a higher interface coverage, and hence a lower interfacial tension, than nanoparticle surfactants formed by interactions between functionalized nanoparticles and polymeric ligands. Hydrogen‐bonded POSS surfactants are more stable at the interface, offering some unique advantages for generating Pickering emulsions over typical micron‐sized colloidal particles and ligand‐stabilized nanoparticle surfactants.
Enhancement of SCR performance of monolithic Mn–Ce/Al2O3/cordierite catalysts by using modified deposition precipitation method
Authors: Li Xin , Li Quan , Li Wei , Zhang Xiaopei , Zhong Liu , Zhang Cheng , Fang Qingyan , Chen Gang
Published: May 2019

Mn–Ce catalysts have been widely studied for low‐temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3; however, most of them are powdery or granular. Monolithic catalysts which are more suitable for practical industrial applications still need detailed exploration. In this research, a series of monolithic Mn–Ce/Al2O3/cordierite catalysts were prepared by impregnation (IMP), deposition precipitation (DP), and modified deposition precipitation (MDP) methods. The catalyst MDP3 which depositing alumina and MnOx–CeOx simultaneously for three times by MDP method showed the best activity, and it performed much better at low temperature than the catalysts prepared by IMP and DP methods. MDP3 also showed the best resistance to H2O and SO2. It was thought that Mn–Al and Mn–Al–Ce clusters formed in the preparation of MDP3 and enhanced the interaction between the mixed oxides, as indicated by the characterization results. MDP3 prepared by MDP method showed the largest BET surface area, good redox capabilities, and the highest atomic ratios of Ce3+ and Ob. Hence, MDP was proved to be an effective method to enhance the interaction between the washcoat and the active phase, which resulted in preparing a good performance monolithic SCR catalyst.
Public health and social media: A study of Zika virus‐related posts on Yahoo! Answers
Authors: Zhang Jin , Chen Ye , Zhao Yuehua , Wolfram Dietmar , Ma Feicheng
Published: May 2019

This study investigates the content of questions and responses about the Zika virus on Yahoo! Answers as a recent example of how public concerns regarding an international health issue are reflected in social media. We investigate the contents of posts about the Zika virus on Yahoo! Answers, identify and reveal subject patterns about the Zika virus, and analyze the temporal changes of the revealed subject topics over 4 defined periods of the Zika virus outbreak. Multidimensional scaling analysis, temporal analysis, and inferential statistical analysis approaches were used in the study. A resulting 2‐layer Zika virus schema, and term connections and relationships are presented. The results indicate that consumers’ concerns changed over the 4 defined periods. Consumers paid more attention to the basic information about the Zika virus, and the prevention and protection from the Zika virus at the beginning of the outbreak of the Zika virus. During the later periods, consumers became more interested in the role that the government and health organizations played in the public health emergency.
Theoretical consideration of the properties of intestinal flow models on route‐dependent drug removal: Segregated Flow (SFM) vs. Traditional (TM)
Authors: Noh Keumhan , Pang K. Sandy
Published: May 2019

The intestine is endowed with a plethora of enzymes and transporters and regulates the flow of substrate to the liver. Physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic models have surfaced to describe intestinal removal. The traditional model (TM) describes the intestinal flow as a whole perfusing the entire tissue that contains the intestinal transporters and enzymes. The segregated flow model (SFM) describes that only a fraction (fQ < 0.2) of the intestinal blood flow perfuses the enterocyte region where the intestinal enzymes and transporters are housed, rendering a lower drug distribution/intestinal clearance when drug enters via the circulation than from the gut lumen. As shown by simulations, a higher intestinal clearance and extraction ratio (EI,iv) exists for the TM than for SFM after iv dosing. By contrast, the EI,po after po dosing is higher for the SFM, due to the smaller volume of distribution for the enterocyte region and a lower flow rate that result in increased mean residence time and higher drug extraction. Under MBI (mechanism‐based inhibition), the AUCR,po after oral bolus is the highest for drug when inhibitor is given orally, with SFM > TM. Competitive inhibition of intestinal enzymes leads to higher liver metabolism; again, when both drug and inhibitor are given orally, changes in the SFM > TM. However, less definitive patterns result with inhibition of both intestinal and liver enzymes. In conclusion, differences exist for EI and drug‐drug interaction (DDI) between the TM and SFM. The fractional intestinal blood flow (fQ) is a key factor affecting different extents of intestinal/liver metabolism of the drug after oral as well as intravenous administration.
Effect of intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine on postoperative recovery in patients undergoing endovascular interventional therapies: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Ren Chunguang , Xu Huiying , Xu Guangjun , Liu Lei , Liu Guoying , Zhang Zongwang , Cao Jun-Li
Published: May 2019

Background

Rapid emergence from general anesthesia during endovascular interventional therapies (EITs) is important. However, the solution that improved quality of both analepsia and postoperative recovery after EITs has not been specifically addressed. We conducted this prospective, randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine on quality of analepsia and postoperative recovery in patients undergoing EITs.

Methods

Eighty‐six patients undergoing EITs were divided into three groups: RD1 (dexmedetomidine at an initial dose of 0.5 μg/kg for 10 min adjusted to 0.2 μg kg−1 hr−1 throughout EIT), RD2 (dexmedetomidine at an initial dose of 0.5 μg/kg for 10 min adjusted to 0.4 μg kg−1 hr−1 throughout EIT), and RD3 (dexmedetomidine at an initial dose of 0.5 μg/kg for 10 min adjusted to 0.6 μg kg−1 hr−1 throughout EIT). An analgesia system delivered sufentanil only. The primary outcome measure was the total consumption of nimodipine during the first 48 hr after surgery. The secondary outcome measures were sufentanil consumption, pain intensity, hemodynamics, functional activity score (FAS), neurologic examination, level of sedation (LOS), and Bruggrmann comfort scale (BCS). We also recorded the intraoperative hemodynamic data, requirement of narcotic and vasoactive drugs, prevalence of complications and symptomatic cerebral vasospasm, duration of postanesthesia care unit (PACU) stay, Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) at 3 months, and prevalence of cerebral infarction 30 days after surgery.

Results

Dexmedetomidine application in the regimen RD3 reduced the consumption of the total dose of nimodipine and sufentanil 48 hr after surgery, prevalence of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm, consumption of narcotic drugs and nimodipine during surgery, pain intensity during the first 8 hr after surgery, and increased both BCS during the first 4 hr after surgery and hemodynamic stability. However, the LOS was increased at the 0.5 hr after surgery and surgeon satisfaction score was lower. There were no significant differences among the groups for consumption of vasoactive drugs except urapidil, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and FAS during the first 48 hr after surgery, GOS at 3 months, and cerebral infarction after 30 days.

Conclusions

Dexmedetomidine (an initial dose of 0.5 μg/kg for 10 min adjusted to 0.6 μg kg−1 hr−1 throughout EIT) could reduce the total consumption of nimodipine and opioid during the first 48 hr after surgery, the concerning adverse effects, and improve pain scores. The optimal dosage of dexmedetomidine during EITs merits further investigation.
Application of ammonium bicarbonate buffer as a smart microenvironmental pH regulator of immobilized cephalosporin C acylase catalysis in different reactors
Authors: Chang Yanhong , Tong Shuangming , Luo Hui , Liu Zijia , Qin Bo , Zhu Linlin , Sun Hongxu , Yu Huimin , Shen Zhongyao
Published: May 2019

In a stirred tank reactor, during catalysis with immobilized cephalosporin C acylase (CCA), the microenvironmental pH dropped to 7.2 in a nonbuffered system (with the pH maintained at 8.5 by adding alkali) due to the existence of diffusional resistance. Moreover, the immobilized CCA only catalyzed five batch reactions, suggesting that the sharp pH gradient impaired the enzyme stability. To buffer the protons produced in the hydrolysis of cephalosporin C by CCA, phosphate and bicarbonate buffers were introduced. When CCA was catalyzed with 0.1 M ammonium bicarbonate buffer, no obvious gradient between the bulk solution and intraparticle pH was detected, and the catalysis of 15 batch reactions was achieved. Accordingly, with 0.2 M ammonium bicarbonate buffer in a packed bed reactor, the immobilized CCA exhibited continuous catalysis with high conversion rates (≥95%) for 21 days. Reactions with ammonium bicarbonate buffer showed significant increases in the stability and catalytic efficiency of the immobilized CCA in different reactors compared to those in nonbuffered systems.
The impact of pre‐existing peripheral artery disease on transcatheter aortic valve implantation outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ueshima Daisuke , Barioli Alberto , Nai Fovino Luca , D'Amico Gianpiero , Fabris Tommaso , Brener Sorin J. , Tarantini Giuseppe
Published: May 2019

Background

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) plays a decisive role in the preinterventional selection process of the optimal vascular access site in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). However, the impact of PAD on mortality and vascular complications (VCs) in TAVI‐treated patients remains unclear. Accordingly, we aimed to assess the outcomes of patients with and without PAD undergoing TAVI, by performing a meta‐regression analysis.

Methods

Studies published between January 2002 and March 2018 and reporting outcomes according to the presence of PAD in TAVI patients were identified. Outcome measures analyzed were short‐, mid‐ and long‐term mortality, and peri‐procedural VC. The interaction between sheath size and PAD on outcomes was also assessed.

Results

A total of 26 studies (68,581 TAVI patients, of whom 17,326 with preprocedural PAD) were included in the analysis. Patients with PAD had higher risk of mortality at short‐ (HR 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13‐1.63, p = .0009), mid‐ (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.08‐1.30, p = .0005), and long‐term (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.24‐1.48, p < .0001) follow‐up, and higher risk of VC (RR 1.55, 95% CI 1.27; 1.89, p < .0001). Moreover, the adoption of smaller sheaths during TAVI procedures was associated with fewer VC both in PAD and non‐PAD patients, but the latter group had a more pronounced benefit.

Conclusions

Patients with pre‐existent PAD are at increased risk of all‐cause mortality and VC after TAVI. The adoption of smaller sheaths during the procedure seems to be associated with fewer peri‐procedural VC both in PAD and non‐PAD patients.
Two‐Dimensional SnSe2/CNTs Hybrid Nanostructures as Anode Materials for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Hongwen , Jia Bei‐Er , Lu Xinsheng , Guo Yichuan , Hu Rui , Khatoon Rabia , Jiao Lei , Leng Jianxing , Zhang Liqiang , Lu Jianguo
Published: May 2019

Tin diselenide (SnSe2), as an anode material, has outstanding potential for use in advanced lithium‐ion batteries. However, like other tin‐based anodes, SnSe2 suffers from poor cycle life and low rate capability due to large volume expansion during the repeated Li+ insertion/de‐insertion process. This work reports an effective and easy strategy to combine SnSe2 and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to form a SnSe2/CNTs hybrid nanostructure. The synthesized SnSe2 has a regular hexagonal shape with a typical 2D nanostructure and the carbon nanotubes combine well with the SnSe2 nanosheets. The hybrid nanostructure can significantly reduce the serious damage to electrodes that occurs during electrochemical cycling processes. Remarkably, the SnSe2/CNTs electrode exhibits a high reversible specific capacity of 457.6 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C and 210.3 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles. At a cycling rate of 0.5 C, the SnSe2/CNTs electrode can still achieve a high value of 176.5 mA h g−1, whereas a value of 45.8 mA h g−1 is achieved for the pure SnSe2 electrode. The enhanced electrochemical performance of the SnSe2/CNTs electrode demonstrates its great potential for use in lithium‐ion batteries. Thus, this work reports a facile approach to the synthesis of SnSe2/CNTs as a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries.
Dual II Heterojunctions Metallic Phase MoS2/ZnS/ZnO Ternary Composite with Superior Photocatalytic Performance for Removing Contaminants
Authors: Zhao Dawei , Wu Tengteng , Zhou Yi
Published: May 2019

Fabricating a high‐performance photocatalyst to efficiently solve serious environmental problems is an urgent affair. Herein, a series of MoS2/ZnO composites were successfully fabricated through a facile hydrothermal route using Na2MoO4, (NH2)2CS and urchin‐like ZnO as precursors. According to the results of XRD and XPS, it was found that ZnS appeared in MoS2/ZnO composite; meanwhile, the content was positively correlated with the weight of the precursor (NH2)2CS. It should be noted that the morphology and the metallic phase content of MoS2 grown in situ on the surface of ZnO were affected by the molar ratio of Na2MoO4 and ZnO. Benefiting from the special dual II heterojunctions of MoS2/ZnS/ZnO ternary composite, the material exhibited excellent charge separation and transfer performances. In the photocatalytic measurements, the MoS2/ZnS/ZnO (Na2MoO4:ZnO 1:2 MZ2) composite not only exhibits excellent photocatalytic CrVI reduction activity of 42.3×10−3 min−1, but also displays remarkable adsorption performance (nearly 32.1 %) for Cr2
. In addition, the ternary composite shows dominant photocatalytic CrVI reduction activities compared to other photocatalysts. This work provides a high‐efficient MoS2/ZnS/ZnO ternary photocatalyst for environmental treatment.
Comparison of Field Infiltration Test Methods for Permeable Pavement: Towards an Easy and Accurate Method
Authors: Zhao Jinhui , Xie Xi , Liu Ranbin , Lin Chentong , Gu Jiahua , Wang Yangyang , Wang Zhen
Published: May 2019

Accurate field permeability determination is an important basis for the performance evaluation and maintenance of permeable concrete pavement (PCP). The accuracies of three field permeability‐testing methods, namely, constant‐head single‐ring infiltration (CH‐SRI), falling‐head single‐ring infiltration (FH‐SRI), and double‐ring infiltration (DRI), are evaluated by comparing with laboratory control results. Factors that influence the accuracy of the tests, including ring size and ponding water head, are investigated. Results showed that CH‐SRI and FH‐SRI overestimate the infiltration rate due to the unrestricted lateral flow in field PCP permeability tests, especially for partially clogged PCP. The DRI method with an inner ring of >200 mm and outer ring of >500 mm exhibits good accuracy and is suggested for field PCP permeability test. The existence of initial hydraulic gradient was experimentally and theoretically verified in this study. A <50 mm ponding water head in the ring will not affect the accuracy of the tests. A new automatic field double‐ring infiltrometer is developed and verified via field tests to overcome the common difficulties in traditional DRI tests. The findings provide an easy and accurate approach for field in situ PCP permeability test.
Dead forests burning: the influence of beetle outbreaks on fire severity and legacy structure in sub‐boreal forests
Authors: Talucci Anna C. , Krawchuk Meg A.
Published: May 2019

Recent regional mountain pine beetle (MPB) outbreaks have generated unprecedented tree mortality across the fire‐prone landscapes of western North American forests and could potentially modify fire severity and postfire ecological effects. In 2012, 2013, and 2014, three fires burned through high mortality, gray‐phase lodgepole pine‐dominated forests in the plateau regions of central interior British Columbia, Canada, providing an opportunity to test for interactions between MPB outbreaks and wildfires. We inventoried 63 plots that spanned gradients of outbreak severity, fire severity, and burning conditions in a wilderness setting. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of outbreak severity on fire severity by assessing typical first‐order fire effects as well as legacy structure related to the consumption of woody biomass on snags/trees. We found no evidence of a relationship between outbreak severity and fire severity for six of seven first‐order fire effects, with the exception of deep charring. We found evidence that legacy structure in the form of consumed branch structure and deep char development had greater odds of occurrence onMPB‐killed snags compared to trees killed during wildfire. Our results indicate two key findings. First, fire severity as it relates to most first‐order fire effects measures is not influenced by outbreak severity, instead it is more strongly influenced by the interaction of fuels, weather, and topography during fire events. Second, our results highlight how the interaction between outbreak severity and fire severity alters postfire structural legacies and their functional attributes, which could have important ecosystem implications.
Hg2NF, Analogue of HgO
Authors: Manjunath Krishnappa , Prasad Suchitra , Servottam Swaraj , Waghmare Umesh V. , Rao C. N. R.
Published: May 2019

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Prof. C.àN.àR. Rao from Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India. The cover image shows the aliovalent substitution of N3– and F– in place of O2– in HgO to obtain Hg2NF.
Formation of Cholesterol Oxidation Products, Cholesterol Dimers and Cholestadienes After Thermal Processing of Cholesterol Standards and Butter
Authors: Derewiaka Dorota
Published: May 2019

The aim of the study is to compare the transformation cholesterol standard and cholesterol present in a food matrix (butter) during thermal treatment at 150 and 180 °C for 1 h, which results in the formation of cholesterol oxidation products (0.5–189.3 mg g−1 of unheated standard and 0.044–0.063 mg g−1 of unheated butter) and cholesterol dimers (72.3–120.3 mg g−1 of unheated standard and 0.208 mg g−1 of unheated butter). The presence of cholesta‐3,5‐diene is investigated, especially in free cholesterol and cholesteryl palmitate unheated samples (105.3–116.4 mg g−1), as well as in thermally processed butter (0.009 mg g−1). Moreover, the processes of the extensive degradation of cholesterol are observed in standards samples (34.7–98.8% losses) compared to butter samples (25.5–73.5% losses). The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the above mentioned compounds are performed with the use of solid‐phase extraction, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and gel permeation chromatography. In conclusion, the thermal processing of butter and products containing cholesterol should be performed at mild temperatures, for example, 150 °C, because fewer negative components (e.g., oxysterols, cholesterol dimers) are formed in those conditions compared to heat processing at higher temperatures.

Practical Application: The methods described in this study may be useful for the determination of sterols, oxysterols, cholesterol dimers, and cholesta‐3,5‐diene in standard cholesterol samples and cholesterol present in food products. The presented results data are crucial for the assessment of cholesterol changes during processing, especially the observation that some of the components have adverse effects on the human metabolism of oxysterols or cholesterol dimers. The investigations show that the thermal processing of products containing cholesterol should be performed at the lowest possible temperatures, for example, 150 °C, because this protects cholesterol from dimerization, oxidation, and degradation.

Thermal processing of cholesterol can lead to the formation of cholesterol dimers, cholesterol oxidation products or cholestadienes, which can have adverse effect of the human health.