bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Y a-t-il un lien entre le décrochage scolaire et le décrochage social chez les jeunes présentant des troubles de comportement ?
Authors: Malo Claire
Published: May 2023

Le Québec, comme plusieurs sociétés occidentales, est préoccupé par le taux de décrochage scolaire de ses adolescents. On connaît maintenant assez bien les facteurs de risque de ce décrochage, qui touchent tantôt le parcours scolaire, le climat scolaire actuel, les difficultés familiales, ou les caractéristiques personnelles des jeunes et de leurs parents. On reconnaît aussi que ce décrochage s’inscrit souvent à la source d’un lent processus de marginalisation sociale. Plus récemment, des chercheurs commencent à s’intéresser au concept plus large de décrochage social chez les jeunes, défini comme un processus de désaffiliation s’aggravant avec l’accumulation des ruptures, non seulement face à l’école mais face aux autres institutions et aux valeurs sociétales en place. Mais peu d’études ont documenté le lien éventuel entre le décrochage scolaire et un décrochage social plus large. Ce lien est possible notamment chez les jeunes présentant des troubles de comportement, qui reflètent déjà souvent une certaine forme de rupture sociale. Cet article présente une étude en cours, à la fois exploratoire, qualitative et prospective, auprès de 30 jeunes de Montréal fréquentant une école spéciale à cause de leurs difficultés de comportement. Cette étude vise à mieux comprendre les trajectoires pouvant conduire certains de ces jeunes vers un décrochage social, alors que d’autres finissent par bien s’insérer socialement. D’autre part, elle vise à cerner le sens particulier du décrochage scolaire chez ceux qui en font l’expérience, et la place qu’il pourrait prendre dans un processus plus large de décrochage social.
La sociocritique dans l’histoire du roman des années 1930. Un dialogue entre littérature et idéologie
Authors: Berges Maxime
Published: May 2023

Les années 1930 constituent une période problématique de l’histoire du roman, en raison notamment de la migration d’intérêts sociopolitiques dans l’espace de la fiction, mettant un terme aux expérimentations formelles de la décennie précédente. Nous explorons deux des traits proposés par les historiens de la littérature depuis l’entre-deux-guerres pour caractériser le roman des années 1930 : le retour à une forme de classicisme et la dimension idéologique des oeuvres. En confrontant leur récit à la critique des auteurs de la période, plusieurs questions se posent mais une certitude se dégage : l’histoire du roman ne peut s’en tenir à l’étude du roman. Ainsi envisageons-nous le roman en tant que discours qu’il convient de lire comme une manifestation de son époque, c’est-à-dire tributaire et contributeur du discours social.
Passeurs et passages sociocritiques. Pistes de lecture de Terre des hommes à « Speak White »
Authors: Moyes Craig
Published: May 2023

« Un territoire se définit par des frontières : celles du texte sont mouvantes. » Comme Claude Duchet l’a bien vu, que l’on passe d’un côté ou de l’autre des démarcations conventionnelles qui séparent le texte du co- ou du hors- texte, c’est souvent autour de ces multiples zones frontalières qui s’érigent et s’effacent autour de l’oeuvre littéraire que l’intérêt sociocritique se joue. En défendant la perspective du « passeur » sociocritique chez Claude Duchet et Henri Meschonnic, nous suivons le cheminement d’un titre sur un terrain social précis. Choisi pour servir de thème global à l’exposition universelle de Montréal en 1967, qui voulait se démarquer des World’s Fairs précédentes, Terre des hommes, écrit Gabrielle Roy, « comme toute évocation poétique […] nous laisse entrevoir mille et une interprétations toutes plausibles ». Ce sera en effet par le travail d’une des poètes les plus célèbres de la Révolution tranquille, Michèle Lalonde, que la poésie récupérera ce titre dans une sémiose sociale momentanément survoltée. Entre sa propre Terre des hommes (commanditée pour le gala d’ouverture de l’Expo en avril 1967) et son bientôt mythologisé « Speak White » (écrit pour le soutien des « terroristes » du Front de libération du Québec un an plus tard), Terre des hommes fraya un chemin entre l’optimisme humaniste de Saint-Exupéry refondu pour le nouveau « village planétaire » des années 1960 et l’« immonde mystification » (Luc Racine) que fut l’Expo 67 pour une bonne partie de la gauche nationaliste.
Traduire. Le deuil de l’original
Authors: Maurus Patrick
Published: May 2023

La période de rénovation théorique qui a vu l’apparition de la sociocritique n’a pas connu le même élan en traduction, malgré Walter Benjamin ou Georges Mounin. Mais la poétique d’Henri Meschonnic et la sociocritique, entre autres, ont travaillé contre l’effacement et l’annexion qui restent les caractéristiques d’un monde qui synthétise ses pratiques sous le nom de traductologie. Elles affirment avec force qu’un texte étranger est toujours (et seulement) un texte traduit. La sociocritique, qui demande aux traducteurs de définir ce qu’ils traduisent, affirme que c’est la socialité du texte. Et pour ce faire, il n’y a qu’un moyen : faire dans sa langue-littérature ce que l’auteur a fait à la sienne. Pour cela, il est nécessaire d’établir une méthodologie qui interdira tout effacement, même masqué par une conception de la traduction qui promeut la fluidité. Il est donc proposé, dans le sillage de Jean Peytard, de viser à l’altération. Altérer son propre discours en acceptant celui de l’autre, c’est altérer son propre discours en lui faisant subir les marques de ce dialogue.
OK, red neuronal: inteligencia artificial y música pop
Authors: Roig Antoni
Published: May 2023

El rol disruptivo y transformativo de la inteligencia artificial (IA) es uno de los temas de actualidad por excelencia, como queda claro a través de los numerosos e interesantísimos artículos sobre el tema aparecidos en COMeIN. Los imaginarios de la inteligencia artificial nos acompañan desde hace mucho tiempo en la literatura, el cine, la televisión, el cómic o los videojuegos, pero cuando entran en nuestra vida cotidiana… la cosa cambia. En este artículo, me acerco a la cotidianeidad de la IA en un campo que me apasiona, la música.
Effector target-guided engineering of an integrated domain expands the disease resistance profile of a rice NLR immune receptor
Authors: Maidment Josephine HR , Shimizu Motoki , Bentham Adam R , Vera Sham , Franceschetti Marina , Longya Apinya , Stevenson Clare EM , De la Concepcion Juan Carlos , Białas Aleksandra , Kamoun Sophien , Terauchi Ryohei , Banfield Mark J
Published: May 2023

A subset of plant intracellular NLR immune receptors detect effector proteins, secreted by phytopathogens to promote infection, through unconventional integrated domains which resemble the effector’s host targets. Direct binding of effectors to these integrated domains activates plant defenses. The rice NLR receptor Pik-1 binds the Magnaporthe oryzae effector AVR-Pik through an integrated heavy metal-associated (HMA) domain. However, the stealthy alleles AVR-PikC and AVR-PikF avoid interaction with Pik-HMA and evade host defenses. Here, we exploited knowledge of the biochemical interactions between AVR-Pik and its host target, OsHIPP19, to engineer novel Pik-1 variants that respond to AVR-PikC/F. First, we exchanged the HMA domain of Pikp-1 for OsHIPP19-HMA, demonstrating that effector targets can be incorporated into NLR receptors to provide novel recognition profiles. Second, we used the structure of OsHIPP19-HMA to guide the mutagenesis of Pikp-HMA to expand its recognition profile. We demonstrate that the extended recognition profiles of engineered Pikp-1 variants correlate with effector binding in planta and in vitro, and with the gain of new contacts across the effector/HMA interface. Crucially, transgenic rice producing the engineered Pikp-1 variants was resistant to blast fungus isolates carrying AVR-PikC or AVR-PikF. These results demonstrate that effector target-guided engineering of NLR receptors can provide new-to-nature disease resistance in crops.
An improved image processing algorithm for visual characteristics in graphic design
Authors: Zhou Huiying
Published: May 2023

Drawing the clothing plan is an essential part of the clothing industry. However, the irregular shape of clothing, strong deformability and sensitivity to light make the fast and accurate realization of clothing image retrieval a very challenging problem. The successful application of the Transformer in image recognition shows the application potential of the Transformer in the image field. This article proposes an efficient and improved clothing plan based on ResNet-50. Firstly, in the feature extraction section, the ResNet-50 network structure embedded in the Transformer module is used to improve the network’s receptive field range and feature extraction ability. Secondly, dense jump connections are added to the ResNet-50 upsampling process, making full use of feature extraction information at each stage, further improving the quality of the generated image. The network consists of three steps: the sketch stage, which aims to predict the color distribution of clothing and obtain watercolor images without gradients and shadows. The second is the thinning stage, which refines the watercolor image into a clothing image with light and shadow effect; The third is the optimization stage, which combines the outputs of the first two stages to optimize the generation quality further. The experimental results show that the improved network’s IS and first input delay (FID) scores are 4.592 and 1.506, respectively. High-quality clothing images can be generated only by inputting line drawings and a few color points. Compared with the existing methods, the image generated by this network has excellent advantages in realism and accuracy. This method can combine various feature information of images, improve retrieval accuracy, has strong robustness and practicability, and can provide a reference for the daily work of fashion designers.
Hyperoside alleviates doxorubicin-induced myocardial cells apoptosis by inhibiting the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1/p38 pathway
Authors: Chen Lingxia , Qin Zhi , Ruan Zhong-bao
Published: May 2023

Background

Cardiotoxicity is a side effect of the anthracycline broad-spectrum anti-tumor agent, doxorubicin (DOX). Hyperoside, a flavonoid glycoside extracted from many herbs, has anti-apoptotic and anticancer properties. However, its impact on the alleviation of DOX-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes remains elusive.

Methods

The HL-1 cell line was treated with 100 µ M hyperoside for 1 h prior to treatment with 100 µ M hyperoside and 1 µ M DOX for 24 h. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect cell viability; DCFH-DA fluorescent probe was used to detect (reactive oxygen species) ROS; biochemical methods were used to detect the activity of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA); the degree of apoptosis following DOX insult was assessed using immunofluorescence staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxy uridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay; the change in protein expression of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), p38, and apoptosis markers was determined using western blot.

Results

Hyperoside ameliorated DOX-induced oxidative stress in HL-1 cells, up-regulated GSH, SOD and CAT activity, reduced ROS production and inhibited MDA overproduction. Moreover, in addition to promoting HL-1 cell apoptosis, DOX administration also increased B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2-associated X-protein and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels and decreased Bcl-2 protein level. Hyperoside therapy, however, significantly reversed the impact of DOX on the cardiomyocytes. Mechanically, DOX treatment increased the phosphorylation of the ASK1/p38 axis whereas hyperoside treatment attenuated those changes. In a further step, hyperoside synergizes with DOX to kill MDA-MB-231 cells.

Conclusions

Hyperoside protects HL-1 cells from DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting the ASK1/p38 signaling pathway. Meanwhile, hyperoside maintained the cytotoxicity of DOX in MDA-MB-231 cells.
Effect of Boron and Panchagavya on Growth and Yield of Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Kanshouwa Chanshim Molung , Mehera Biswarup
Published: May 2023

The experiment was conducted in the Crop Research Farm, department of agronomy during the summer season of 2022 on baby corn crop. The treatments consisted of 3 levels of boron (2kg, 3kg, 4 kg/ha) and Panchagavya (2 sprays of 2%, 3%, 4%) as a foliar spray at 15 and 30 DAS and a control. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. Application of Boron (4 kg/ha) and Panchagavya (2 sprays of 4%) produced maximum plant height (135.44 cm), plant dry weight (138.95 g), number of cobs per plant (3.06), weight of cobs with husk (44.85g), weight of cobs without cob (8.24g), cob yield with husk (7.48 t/ha), cob yield without husk (3.01 t/ha), green fodder yield (41.80 t/ha). Treatment combination with Boron 4 kg/ha and Panchagavya 2 sprays of 4% produced highest gross returns (Rs. 1,44,700/ha), net returns (Rs. 99,845/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.23) when compared to control (RDF).
A Three-Level Game-Theoretic Trade Credit Model in a Supply Channel
Authors: Ezimadu Sophia O. , Ezimadu Peter E.
Published: May 2023

Two-party channel setting has been a choice study-setting for trade credit. This work considers a three-member channel setting using Stackelberg game theory. The study considers the manufacturer as the channel leader, with the distributor as the first follower, and the retailer as the last follower. The manufacturer gives credit goods to the distributor, who similarly gives credit goods to the retailer. The retailer engages in the promotion of the product. Using a promotion effort, price margins and credit periods dependent credit functions, the work examines three game-theoretic models on the manufacturer, the distributor and the retailer’s payoffs. The work uses backward induction to determine the promotion effort, the credit period and the payoffs. It observes that the margins are motivational enough to drive product promotion which reduces with credit period so that in the long-run the promotion effort stabilizes. The work further observes that the distributor’s involvement is very crucial to the payoffs.
Okuldaki Gizli Danışmanlar: Beden Eğitimi Öğretmenleri
Authors: YÜCEKAYA Mehmet Akif , SAĞIN Ahmet Enes , UĞRAŞ Sinan
Published: May 2023

Bu nitel araştırmanın temel amacı, beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenlerinin okullarda rehberlik hizmetine katkılarını okul psikolojik danışmanlarının ortak deneyimlerinden hareketle ayrıntılı olarak incelemektir. Beden eğitimi ve spor dersi öğretmenleri ile beden eğitimi dersinin rehberlik servisine katkılarını belirlemek için nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenolojik araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi ile Türkiye'nin 7 farklı bölgesinde ve 14 farklı şehrinde görev yapan 14 psikolojik danışman ile görüşülmüştür. Yapılan tematik analiz sonucunda beden eğitimi ve spor dersi öğretmenlerinin rehberlik hizmetine katkılarını tanımlayan dört ana tema ortaya çıkmıştır: 'Beden Eğitimi Öğretmenlerinin İletişim Gücü', 'Beden Eğitimi Dersinin Yapısı', 'Değer Aktarımı', 'Problemli Öğrenciler'. Sonuç olarak beden eğitimi dersi ve beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin rehberlik servisine katkı sağladığı ve rehberlik servisi ile uyumlu çalıştığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Standards of Care for Transgender and Gender Diverse People
Authors: Poteat Tonia , Davis Andrew M. , Gonzalez Alex
Published: May 2023

This article summarizes the recent update of guidelines on health care for transgender and gender diverse people, including primary care, gender-affirming care, mental health care, and education of the clinical workforce.
Association of Allostatic Load With All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Obeng-Gyasi Samilia , Elsaid Mohamed I. , Lu Yurong , Chen JC , Carson William E. , Ballinger Tarah J. , Andersen Barbara L.
Published: May 2023

Importance

Elevated allostatic load (AL) has been associated with adverse socioenvironmental stressors and tumor characteristics that convey poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Currently, the association between AL and all-cause mortality in patients with breast cancer is unknown.

Objective

To examine the association between AL and all-cause mortality in patients with breast cancer.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used data from an institutional electronic medical record and cancer registry at the National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center. Participants were patients with breast cancer diagnoses (stage I-III) between January 1, 2012, through December 31, 2020. Data were analyzed from April 2022 through November 2022.

Exposure

AL was expressed as a summary score calculated by assigning 1 point for biomarkers in the worst sample quartile. High AL was defined as AL greater than the median.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was all-cause mortality. A Cox proportional hazard models with robust variance tested the association between AL and all-cause mortality.

Results

There were 4459 patients (median [IQR] age, 59 [49-67] years) with an ethnoracial distribution of 3 Hispanic Black patients (0.1%), 381 non-Hispanic Black patients (8.5%), 23 Hispanic White patients (0.5%), 3861 non-Hispanic White patients (86.6%), 27 Hispanic patients with other race (0.6%), and 164 non-Hispanic patients with other race (3.7%). The mean (SD) AL was 2.6 (1.7). Black patients (adjusted relative ratio [aRR], those with 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04-1.18), single marital status (aRR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00-1.12), and those with government-supplied insured (Medicaid aRR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.07-1.21; Medicare aRR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.03-1.19) had a higher adjusted mean AL than those who were White, married/living as married, or privately insured, respectively. Adjusting for sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment factors, high AL was associated with a 46% increase in mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.46; 95% CI, 1.11-1.93) over low AL. Similarly, compared with patients in the first AL quartile, those in the third quartile (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.07-2.18) and the fourth quartile (HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.16-2.75) had significantly increased risks of mortality. There was a significant dose-dependent association between increased AL and a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Furthermore, AL remained significantly associated with higher all-cause mortality after adjusting for the Charlson Comorbidity Index.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest increased AL is reflective of socioeconomic marginalization and associated with all-cause mortality in patients with breast cancer.
Red Eye and Choroidal Detachment in an Older Woman
Authors: Jadhav Sourabh , Padmalakshmi Krishnakumar , Bhende Muna
Published: May 2023

A 64-year-old woman presented with diminution of vision, progressive redness, and dull aching pain in the right eye for 8 months. What would you do next?
Unusually Unnerved
Authors: Vijan Antariksh , Patil Vasundhara , Kante Katha
Published: May 2023

A 47-year-old woman had left-sided facial weakness and swelling for 2 months. These symptoms developed after chemotherapy. What is your diagnosis?
Transoral Robotic Surgery for a Parapharyngeal Space Tumor
Authors: Miller Jessa E. , Sajed Dipti P. , Mendelsohn Abie H.
Published: May 2023

A 71-year-old woman had a parapharyngeal space mass that was found on magnetic resonance imaging of the face. She experienced left jaw tightness, aural fullness, and facial discomfort. What is your diagnosis?
Potential Clinical and Economic Outcomes of Over-the-Counter Hearing Aids in the US
Authors: Borre Ethan D. , Johri Mohini , Dubno Judy R. , Myers Evan R. , Emmett Susan D. , Pavon Juliessa M. , Francis Howard W. , Ogbuoji Osondu , Sanders Schmidler Gillian D.
Published: May 2023

Importance

Over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids are now available in the US; however, their clinical and economic outcomes are unknown.

Objective

To project the clinical and economic outcomes of traditional hearing aid provision compared with OTC hearing aid provision.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cost-effectiveness analysis used a previously validated decision model of hearing loss (HL) to simulate US adults aged 40 years and older across their lifetime in US primary care offices who experienced yearly probabilities of acquiring HL (0.1%-10.4%), worsening of their HL, and traditional hearing aid uptake (0.5%-8.1%/y at a fixed uptake cost of $3690) and utility benefits (0.11 additional utils/y). For OTC hearing aid provision, persons with perceived mild to moderate HL experienced increased OTC hearing aid uptake (1%-16%/y) based on estimates of time to first HL diagnosis. In the base case, OTC hearing aid utility benefits ranged from 0.05 to 0.11 additional utils/y (45%-100% of traditional hearing aids), and costs were $200 to $1400 (5%-38% of traditional hearing aids). Distributions were assigned to parameters to conduct probabilistic uncertainty analysis.

Intervention

Provision of OTC hearing aids, at increased uptake rates, across a range of effectiveness and costs.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Lifetime undiscounted and discounted (3%/y) costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs).

Results

Traditional hearing aid provision resulted in 18.162 QALYs, compared with 18.162 to 18.186 for OTC hearing aids varying with OTC hearing aid utility benefit (45%-100% that of traditional hearing aids). Provision of OTC hearing aids was associated with greater lifetime discounted costs by $70 to $200 along with OTC device cost ($200-$1000/pair; 5%-38% traditional hearing aid cost) due to increased hearing aid uptake. Provision of OTC hearing aids was considered cost-effective (ICER<$100 000/QALY) if the OTC utility benefit was 0.06 or greater (55% of the traditional hearing aid effectiveness). In probabilistic uncertainty analysis, OTC hearing aid provision was cost-effective in 53% of simulations.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cost-effectiveness analysis, provision of OTC hearing aids was associated with greater uptake of hearing intervention and was cost-effective over a range of prices so long as OTC hearing aids were greater than 55% as beneficial to patient quality of life as traditional hearing aids.
Buried Interface Modulation via Preferential Crystallization in All‐Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells: The Case of Multifunctional Ti3C2Tx
Authors: Wang Mengqi , Wu Wenwen , Liu Yulin , Yuan Songyang , Tian Dehua , Zhang Cuili , Ma Zhipeng , Deng Jiahuan , Chen Jianhui , Lou Zaizhu , Li Wenzhe , Fan Jiandong
Published: May 2023

Despite inorganic CsPbI3−xBrx perovskite solar cells (PSCs) being promising in thermal stability, the perovskite degradation and severe nonradiative recombination at the interface hamper their further development. Herein, the typical MXene material, that is, Ti3C2Tx, is employed to be the buried interface prior to the perovskite absorber layer in the device, which multi‐functionalizes the as‐prepared electron‐transfer layers by means of both fascinating preferential crystallization of perovskite and/or accelerating the charge extraction with respect to an ideal energy‐level alignment and suppressed trap states. Accordingly, the power conversion efficiency of the modified PSC device is substantially enhanced by as high as 19.56% in comparison to their counterparts with only the pristine CsPbI3−xBrx active layer. More importantly, MXene modification is favorable to improve the wettability of perovskite precursor solution with enhanced grain size and crystallinity, thereby increasing the UV long‐term stability of solar cells. This work provides a new paradigm toward alleviating the severe nonradiative recombination at the interface in the device whilst enhancing the long‐term stability via the preferential crystallization process.
Sub‐Band Filling and Hole Transport in Polythiophene‐Based Electrolyte‐Gated Transistors: Effect of Side‐Chain Length and Density
Authors: Cho Kyung Gook , Adrahtas Demetra Z. , Lee Keun Hyung , Frisbie C. Daniel
Published: May 2023

The relationship between hole density and conductivity in electrochemically gated polythiophene films is examined. The films are  integrated into electrolyte‐gated transistors (EGTs), so that hole accumulations can be electrochemically modulated up to ≈0.4 holes per thiophene ring (hpr). Polythiophenes include poly(3‐alkylthiophenes) (P3ATs) with four different side chain lengths – butyl (P3BT), hexyl (P3HT), octyl (P3OT), or decyl (P3DT) – and poly[2,5‐bis(3‐dodecylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene] (PBTTT) and poly(3,3′′′‐didodecyl[2,2′:5′,2′′:5′′,2′′′‐quaterthiophene]‐5,5′′′‐diyl) (PQT). Analysis of the drain current – gate voltage (ID–VG) and gate current – gate voltage (IG–VG) characteristics of the EGTs reveals that all six polythiophene semiconductors exhibited reversible conductivity peaks at 0.12 – 0.15 hpr. Conductivity is suppressed beyond ≈0.4 hpr.The maximum carrier mobilities of the P3AT semiconductors increase, and hysteresis of the conductivity peaks decreases, with increasing alkyl side‐chain length. PBTTT and PQT with reduced side chain densities exhibit the largest hysteresis but have higher hole mobilities. The results suggest that at ≈0.4 hpr, a polaronic sub‐band is filled in all cases. Filling of the sub‐band correlates with a collapse in the hole mobility. The side‐chain dependence of the peak conductivity and hysteresis further suggests that Coulombic ion‐carrier interactions are important in these systems. Tailoring ion‐carrier correlations is likely important for further improvements in transport properties of electrochemically doped polythiophenes.
A Facile Crystallization Strategy to Turn Calcium Bisphosphonates into Novel Osteogenesis‐Inducing Biomaterials
Authors: Zhuang Chen , Zhu Guanglin , Wang Yingjun , Wang Lin , Shi Xuetao , Mao Chuanbin
Published: May 2023

Insoluble metal bisphosphonates (BPs) are considered an ideal alternative to the soluble counterparts in regenerative medicine due to their increased BP release profile, but still present undesired properties (e.g., low stability, uncontrolled degradation, and poor biocompatibility). Through a simple crystallization on a solid calcium hydroxyapatite (HA)‐based substrate from a BP precursor solution in 30 days, a series of insoluble calcium BP (CaBP) crystals are developed. These crystals, including calcium alendronate (CaAln), calcium pamidronate (CaPam), calcium incadronate (CaInc), calcium risedronate (CaRis), calcium zoledronate (CaZol), and calcium di‐minodronate (Ca(Min)2), present high purity, regular morphologies and excellent biodegradability. It is demonstrated that these CaBPs can induce osteogenic differentiation of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro in the absence of other osteogenic inducers. It is further found that CaBP induces bone formation more effectively in a femur defect rabbit model in three months but with a lower in vivo hematotoxicity than the clinically used HA during osteogenesis. It is believed that these desired biological properties arise from the capability of the insoluble CaBPs in releasing BPs in a sustained manner for stimulating osteogenesis. This work provides a significant strategy for turning CaBPs into novel biomaterials for tissue regeneration and demonstrates their great potential in the clinic.
Bimetallic Ions Functionalized Metal–Organic‐Framework Nanozyme for Tumor Microenvironment Regulating and Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy for Hypoxic Tumor
Authors: Pan Meng‐Meng , Li Puze , Yu Yan‐Ping , Jiang Ming , Yang Xiangliang , Zhang Pei , Nie Jing , Hu Jun , Yu Xu , Xu Li
Published: May 2023

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as a light irradiation inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation for cancer treatment, offers facile and promising solutions with respect to spatiotemporal control of ROS generation, and minimizes the systemic toxicity and side effects for highly precise tumor therapy. However, the PDT efficiency is often severely compromised by the complex tumor microenvironment (TME), such as the hypoxic condition and overexpressed antioxidants. Here, for the first time, a bimetallic ion–modified metal−organic framework nanozyme (Zr4+‐MOF‐Ru3+/Pt4+‐Ce6@HA, ZMRPC@HA) is designed. ZMRPC@HA with catalase (CAT) and glutathione oxidase (GSHOx) mimetic activities, can efficiently regulate TME by generation of O2 and deplete the GSH synergistically for enhancing the long‐term PDT efficacy toward the hypoxic tumor. The in vitro cell inhibition and in vivo on tumor xenograft evaluations demonstrate the PDT strategy by using ZMRPC@HA can successfully inhibit the differentiation and proliferation of tumor cells under a 660 nm laser irradiation in deep tissues. These findings open a new avenue for the design of multimetallic ions functionalized MOF‐based nanozymes with multienzyme mimetic activities toward the antitumor and various other biological applications.
Extreme Water Uptake of Hygroscopic Hydrogels through Maximized Swelling‐Induced Salt Loading
Authors: Graeber Gustav , Díaz‐Marín Carlos D. , Gaugler Leon C. , Zhong Yang , El Fil Bachir , Liu Xinyue , Wang Evelyn N.
Published: May 2023

Hygroscopic hydrogels are emerging as scalable and low‐cost sorbents for atmospheric water harvesting, dehumidification, passive cooling, and thermal energy storage. However, devices using these materials still exhibit insufficient performance, partly due to the limited water vapor uptake of the hydrogels. Here, the swelling dynamics of hydrogels in aqueous lithiumchloride solutions, the implications on hydrogel salt loading, and the resulting vapor uptake of the synthesized hydrogel–salt composites are characterized. By tuning the salt concentration of the swelling solutions and the cross‐linking properties of the gels, hygroscopic hydrogels with extremely high salt loadings are synthesized, which enable unprecedented water uptakes of 1.79 and 3.86 gg−1 at relative humidity (RH) of 30% and 70%, respectively. At 30% RH, this exceeds previously reported water uptakes of metal–organic frameworks by over 100% and of hydrogels by 15%, bringing the uptake within 93% of the fundamental limit of hygroscopic salts while avoiding leakage problems common in salt solutions. By modeling the salt‐vapor equilibria, the maximum leakage‐free RH is elucidated as a function of hydrogel uptake and swelling ratio. These insights guide the design of hydrogels with exceptional hygroscopicity that enable sorption‐based devices to tackle water scarcity and the global energy crisis.
Ultrathin Metal Film on Graphene for Percolation‐Threshold‐Limited Thermal Emissivity Control
Authors: Lee Geonhee , Jang Sojeong , Kim Young‐Bin , Cho Donghwi , Jeong Duwon , Chae Soosang , Myoung Jae‐Min , Kim Hyunwoo , Kim Sun‐Kyung , Lee Jeong‐O
Published: May 2023

Translucent Au/graphene hybrid films are shown to be effective in reducing thermal emission from the underlying surfaces when the deposition thickness of Au is close to the percolation threshold. The critical Au deposition thickness for an abrupt change in emissivity is reduced from 15 nm (Si substrate) to a percolation‐threshold‐limited thickness of 8.5 nm (graphene/Si substrate) because of the chemical inertness of graphene leading to the deposited Au atoms forming a thin, crystalline layer. The effect of the graphene layer on the optical properties of the hybrid film is highlighted by a drastic increase in infrared absorptivity, whereas the visible absorptivity is marginally affected by the presence of a graphene layer. The level of thermal emission from the Au/graphene hybrid films with the percolation‐threshold‐limited Au thickness is stable even with high background temperatures of up to 300 °C and mechanical strains of ≈4%. As an example of a thermal management application, an anti‐counterfeiting device is demonstrated; thermal‐camouflage‐masked text fabricated with an Au/graphene hybrid film is discernible only using a thermographic camera. Ultrathin metal film assisted by a graphene layer will provide a facile platform for thermal management with semi‐transparency, flexibility, and transferability to arbitrary surfaces.
Intense Pulsed Light Thermal Treatment of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3/Metglas Heterostructured Films Resulting in Extreme Magnetoelectric Coupling of over 20 V cm−1 Oe−1
Authors: Palneedi Haribabu , Patil Deepak Rajaram , Priya Shashank , Woo Kyoohee , Ye Jiwon , Woo Yu Mi , Hwang Yun Sik , Hwang Geon‐Tae , Park Jung Hwan , Ryu Jungho
Published: May 2023

Magnetoelectric (ME) film composites consisting of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials are promising candidates for application in magnetic field sensors, energy harvesters, and ME antennas. Conventionally, high‐temperature annealing is required to crystallize piezoelectric films, restricting the use of heat‐sensitive magnetostrictive substrates that enhance ME coupling. Herein, a synergetic approach is demonstrated for fabricating ME film composites that combines aerosol deposition and instantaneous thermal treatment based on intense pulsed light (IPL) radiation to form piezoelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) thick films on an amorphous Metglas substrate. IPL rapidly anneals PZT films within a few milliseconds without damaging the underlying Metglas. To optimize the IPL irradiation conditions, the temperature distribution inside the PZT/Metglas film is determined using transient photothermal computational simulation. The PZT/Metglas films are annealed using different IPL pulse durations to determine the structure–property relationship. IPL treatment results in an enhanced crystallinity of the PZT, thus improving the dielectric, piezoelectric, and ME properties of the composite films. An ultrahigh off‐resonance ME coupling (≈20 V cm−1 Oe−1) is obtained for the PZT/Metglas film that is IPL annealed at a pulse width of 0.75 ms (an order of magnitude higher than that reported for other ME films), confirming the potential for next‐generation, miniaturized, and high‐performance ME devices.
Coping with COVID‐19 shocks in rural Nepal
Authors: Ekstrom Kierstin , Janzen Sarah , Magnan Nicholas
Published: May 2023

We examine shocks experienced by rural Nepali households during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Households primarily experienced income and price shocks during a government‐imposed lockdown. During this time, households managed to effectively protect consumption, and mostly relied on credit (26%), asset sales (10%) and savings (8%). Debt levels nearly doubled, with limited changes to savings. We then leverage a long‐term randomized control trial (RCT) to assess whether beneficiaries of a livestock livelihood program are more resilient. Program beneficiaries are 6 percentage points less likely to take out new loans.
Indirect urea electrooxidation by nickel(III) in alkaline medium: From kinetic and mechanism to reactor modeling
Authors: Hopsort Guillaume , Latapie Laure , Groenen Serrano Karine , Loubière Karine , Tzedakis Theodore
Published: May 2023

This study consists in the determination of two kinetic laws of urea oxidation (UO) and electrooxidation (UEO) in alkaline media on nickel(III). Two kinds of active sites were examined, the first one derived from a Ni(OH)2 powder and the second from a massive nickel electrode. Partial orders of nickel(III) (two for UO and five UEO) enable to conclude about (i) the urea adsorption on two nickel(III) sites and (ii) that a multistep oxidation of urea occurs involving five nickel(III) site electroregenerations. A multipathway mechanism is also proposed to explain UEO facilitated by the nickel(III)/nickel(II) mediation system, and to predict the by‐products' formation previously identified (). At last, a model combining the UEO kinetic law previously established, with diffusive and convective transport phenomena was developed. A consistent correlation (maximum deviation of 6%) between laboratory electrolysis results with the model' predictions was obtained under different operating conditions, enabling the validation of this model.
Copper‐Catalyzed Guanylation by Ring Extension of 4‐Hydroxyquinazoline for the Synthesis of Quinazolino[3,2‐a]quinazolinones
Authors: Palavong Nitwaree , Arunkirirote Piyaporn , Tummatorn Jumreang , Thongsornkleeb Charnsak , Ruchirawat Somsak
Published: May 2023

This work reports a new method for the synthesis of quinazolino[3,2‐a]quinazolinone derivatives under ligand‐free copper‐catalyzed guanylation through C−H functionalization. The reaction provides a convenient protocol which can be applied to a broad range of substrates providing the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. Additionally, this process provides a number of benefits, including minimal waste, rapid reaction times, and readily available starting material.
Recruiting a skeleton crew—Methods for simulating and augmenting paleoanthropological data using Monte Carlo based algorithms
Authors: Courtenay Lloyd A. , Aramendi Julia , González‐Aguilera Diego
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Data collection is a major hindrance in many types of analyses in human evolutionary studies. This issue is fundamental when considering the scarcity and quality of fossil data. From this perspective, many research projects are impeded by the amount of data available to perform tasks such as classification and predictive modeling.

Materials and Methods

Here we present the use of Monte Carlo based methods for the simulation of paleoanthropological data. Using two datasets containing cross‐sectional biomechanical information and geometric morphometric 3D landmarks, we show how synthetic, yet realistic, data can be simulated to enhance each dataset, and provide new information with which to perform complex tasks with, in particular classification. We additionally present these algorithms in the form of an R library; AugmentationMC. We also use a geometric morphometric dataset to simulate 3D models, and emphasize the power of Machine Teaching, as opposed to Machine Learning.

Results

Our results show how Monte Carlo based algorithms, such as the Markov Chain Monte Carlo, are useful for the simulation of morphometric data, providing synthetic yet highly realistic data that has been tested statistically to be equivalent to the original data. We additionally provide a critical overview of bootstrapping techniques, showing how Monte Carlo based methods perform better than bootstrapping as the data simulated is not an exact copy of the original sample.

Discussion

While synthetic datasets should never replace large and real datasets, this can be considered an important advance in how paleoanthropological data can be handled.
Tangent Fermions: Dirac or Majorana Fermions on a Lattice Without Fermion Doubling
Authors: Beenakker C. W. J. , Donís Vela A. , Lemut G. , Pacholski M. J. , Tworzydło J.
Published: May 2023

Methods to discretize the Hamiltonian of a topological insulator or topological superconductor, without giving up on the topological protection of the massless excitations (respectively, Dirac fermions or Majorana fermions) are reviewed. The method of tangent fermions, pioneered by Richard Stacey, is singled out as being uniquely suited for this purpose. Tangent fermions propagate on a dimensional space‐time lattice with a tangent dispersion: in dimensionless units. They avoid the fermion doubling lattice artefact that will spoil the topological protection, while preserving the fundamental symmetries of the Dirac Hamiltonian. Although the discretized Hamiltonian is nonlocal, as required by the fermion‐doubling no‐go theorem, it is possible to transform the wave equation into a generalized eigenproblem that is local in space and time. Applications that are discussed include Klein tunneling of Dirac fermions through a potential barrier, the absence of localization by disorder, the anomalous quantum Hall effect in a magnetic field, and the thermal metal of Majorana fermions.
Rotaxane Synthesis by an End‐Capping Strategy via Swelling Axle‐Phenols
Authors: Fujimura Koki , Ueda Yoshihiro , Yamaoka Yousuke , Takasu Kiyosei , Kawabata Takeo
Published: May 2023

A method for rotaxane synthesis by enlargement of the size of the terminal phenol group of the axle component by aromatic bromination has been developed. This method may be regarded as an end‐capping strategy involving the swelling of the phenol group at the axle terminal. The advantages of the present strategy include: ready availability of axle components with a variety of swelling precursors, wide product scope (19 examples given including a [3]rotaxane), mild conditions for the swelling process, rich potential for the derivatization of the brominated rotaxanes, and possible release of the axle component by degradative dethreading of the thermally stable brominated rotaxanes under the basic conditions.
Translating Planar Heterocycles into Three‐Dimensional Analogs by Photoinduced Hydrocarboxylation**
Authors: Mikhael Myriam , Alektiar Sara N. , Yeung Charles S. , Wickens Zachary K.
Published: May 2023

The rapid preparation of complex three‐dimensional (3D) heterocyclic scaffolds is a key challenge in modern medicinal chemistry. Despite the increased probability of clinical success for small molecule therapeutic candidates with increased 3D complexity, new drug targets remain dominated by flat molecules due to the abundance of coupling reactions available for their construction. In principle, heteroarene hydrofunctionalization reactions offer an opportunity to transform readily accessible planar molecules into more three‐dimensionally complex analogs through the introduction of a single molecular vector. Unfortunately, dearomative hydrofunctionalization reactions remain limited. Herein, we report a new strategy to enable the dearomative hydrocarboxylation of indoles and related heterocycles. This reaction represents a rare example of a heteroarene hydrofunctionalization that meets the numerous requirements for broad implementation in drug discovery. The transformation is highly chemoselective, broad in scope, operationally simple, and readily amenable to high‐throughput experimentation (HTE). Accordingly, this process will allow existing libraries of heteroaromatic compounds to be translated into diverse 3D analogs and enable exploration of new classes of medicinally relevant molecules.
Stabilizing Liquids Using Interfacial Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Gu Peiyang , Luo Xiaobo , Zhou Shiyuan , Wang Danfeng , Li Zhongyu , Chai Yu , Zhang Yuzhe , Shi Shaowei , Russell Thomas P.
Published: May 2023

Stabilizing liquids based on supramolecular assembly (non‐covalent intermolecular interactions) has attracted significant interest, due to the increasing demand for soft, liquid‐based devices where the shape of the liquid is far from the equilibrium spherical shape. The components comprising these interfacial assemblies must have sufficient binding energies to the interface to prevent their ejection from the interface when the assemblies are compressed. Here, we highlight recent advances in structuring liquids based on non‐covalent intermolecular interactions. We describe some of the progress made that reveals structure–property relationships. In addition to treating advances, we discuss some of the limitations and provide a perspective on future directions to inspire further studies on structured liquids based on supramolecular assembly.
Bringing a psychoanalytic treatment approach into a foster care agency: Challenges faced and gains made
Authors: Cohen Phyllis
Published: May 2023

Building Blocks (BB) is a psychoanalytically‐informed mentalization‐based dyadic approach addressing attachment deficits in birth parents and their children in the foster care system. Research shows that secure attachment depends on the caregiver's emotional availability and sensitivity to be a secure base for the child. Typically, different approaches are offered to improve parent behavior without focusing on building more securely attached relationships. In order to heal disrupted attachment between children in care and biological parents many didn't “know,” attention to unconscious processes and trauma was needed. I describe how BB came to be a preferred treatment by caseworkers and clinicians working in a foster care agency. Having articulated our relationship‐based, non‐didactic approach, and having funding for it, was not enough to bring this method into a system that focused on external behavior over internal processes. A larger systems approach was utilized including meeting with foster care personnel, providing training and supervision to clinicians, and getting parents to commit to the “new” dyadic therapy. Two cases are presented highlighting the impact that Nested Mentalization and Reflective Supervision had on the agency, the families, and its therapists and caseworkers. The BB Program has helped scores of families to better know each other, develop more secure attachments and interrupt the transmission of trauma.
Behaviour and occurrence of the Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) in relation to habitat characteristics and the influence of human activities in a protected area in north‐eastern Brazil
Authors: Campos Danniely de Oliveira , Souto Antonio , Telino Júnior Wallace Rodrigues , Borges João Carlos Gomes , Schiel Nicola , Alves Maria Danise de Oliveira
Published: May 2023

While all sirenian species are considered sentinel animals for the ecological health of their habitat, they are currently facing extinction risk. The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) is classified as an endangered species in Brazil.

Its distribution and behaviour are mainly influenced by the presence of aquatic vegetation, freshwater and anthropogenic activities, as well as by variations in tides, temperature and salinity.

The study investigated the behaviour of manatees in the Barra do Rio Mamanguape Environmental Protection Area in north‐eastern Brazil, and the relationship between these behaviours and the biotic and abiotic characteristics of this estuarine environment.

The behavioural data were collected between November 2016 and May 2017, during 35 days of monitoring. The records of surface behaviour were obtained using animal focal sampling. Anthropogenic activities were recorded qualitatively and quantitatively during the surveys.

Warmer water (30–31°C), reduced turbidity (1–2 m) and sandy sediments had a significant influence on the behaviour of the manatees.

The manatees presented neutral behaviour more often than expected in response to anthropogenic activities, which indicates that the animals were undisturbed by these activities.

This is the first systematic study of the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the behaviour and ecology of Antillean manatees in a protected area of a tropical region, providing important new insights into the behavioural ecology of an endangered species.

The Barra do Rio Mamanguape Environmental Protection Area seems to fulfil the goal of adequate management and conservation of manatees in a tropical region. Specifically, it shows that appropriate management, law enforcement and inspection measures are essential for maintaining endangered populations.