bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plastic Packaging Material Value Conservation and the Structure of Stakeholder Role
Authors: Gabriel Djoko Sihono , Pratama B. Arditya Jogha , Hapsari Claudia
Published: July 2018

Material value conservation (MVC) paradigm is an implementation of various approach, design principle, process or treatment of materials, and other efforts to minimize its value degradation and maximize its residual or salvage value, and therefore increase its utilization, life cycle, and the overall value. With design for material value conservation, a serial product utilization will exist in a serial lifetime. Design for material value conservation does not only need its evident of the benefit, but also needs integrated and structured stakeholder roles. For these purpose, properties of material testing and Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) implemented in this research. The positive effect of MVC implementation and a final result of ISM suggest an integrated stakeholder roles with appropriate linkage and interrelation of activities which support improvement of the quality of recycled plastic pellet and the material value conservation implementation success.
Preparation of Transparent Cellulose/PMMA Composite Sheet from Cellulose Aerogel
Authors: Sinthu Sawitree , Srikulkit Kawee
Published: July 2018

In this work, wet cellulose aerogel sheet was prepared via NaOH/urea dissolution system followed by multiple solvent exchanges. Firstly, hyacinth cellulose solution was prepared and then cast into plastic mold. The casting solution was left standing to become solid hydrogel. Then, multiple solvent exchanges by water was carried out in order to remove NaOH and urea completely to obtain wet hydrogel. Then, transparent cellulose sheet was successfully prepared by backfilling the nano/micro sized aerogel channel with a refractive index matching polymer which was PMMA emulsion in this study. The transparent cellulose sheet exhibited 80-90 percent transparency. In contrast, cellulose aerogel exhibited relatively low percent transmittance only 8.24%. In addition, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of transparent cellulose sheet with a thickness of 0.5 mm (10.45 ppmK-1) was significantly lower that pure PMMA sheet (79.70 ppmK-1), indicating that aerogel based transparent cellulose exhibited lower thermal expansion than neat plastic.
Tuning of HDPE Properties for 3D Printing
Authors: Chatkunakasem Paweesinee , Luangjuntawong Panisa , Pongwisuthiruchte Aphiwat , Aumnate Chuanchom , Potiyaraj Pranut
Published: July 2018

The objective of this study is to improve high density polyethylene (HDPE) properties for 3D printing by addition of graphene and low density polyethylene (LDPE). Graphene was prepared by modified Hummer’s method. The prepared graphene was characterized by the infrared spectroscopy and the X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Graphene/HDPE and LDPE/HDPE composites were successfully prepared through the melt-blending technique using a twin-screw extruder. The melt flow index (MFI) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were employed to characterize neat HDPE and the modified HDPE. FTIR and XRD results show that graphite was successfully changed into graphene completely and MFI of graphene/HDPE and LDPE/HDPE decreased as the amount of graphene and LDPE in the composite blends increased. DSC results show that the addition of low crystalline polymers can reduce a crystallization temperature and crystallinity content.
Graphene/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites
Authors: Kanabenja Warrayut , Potiyaraj Pranut
Published: July 2018

Thermoplastic polyurethane/graphene nanocomposites were successfully prepared by mixing masterbatches with neat polymers using the melt compounding process. Graphene was obtained from graphite by the chemical mean. Graphite was initially converted into graphite oxide which was then converted to graphene oxide. Graphene oxide was then reduced by L-ascorbic acid to obtain graphene. The effects of graphene addition on thermal and morphological properties of nanocomposite were studied by a differential scanning calorimeter, a thermal gravimetric analyzer and a scanning electron microscope. TPU/graphene nanocomposites showed higher melting temperature compared to TPU. On the other hand, heat of fusion of nanocomposites was lowered. TPU and TPU/graphene nanocomposites have two steps of decomposition. The first degradation of TPU occurred at higher temperature compared with nanocomposites but the second degradation showed the opposite results. The percentage of residue after thermal degradation of nanocomposites was lower than that of TPU. For surface morphology, nanocomposite exhibited the rougher surface comparing with TPU and well graphene dispersion in TPU phase was achieved. Nevertheless, there were some agglomeration of graphene.
Preparation of Chitin Whisker and Effect to Crystallization of Polylactide
Authors: Passornraprasit Nichaphat , Tachaboonyakiat Wanpen
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chitin whisker (CW) to the crystallization of polylactide (PLA) nanocomposite films. CW which obtained from acidolysis reaction was compounded with PLA pellets into nanocomposite films by cast film extrusion. The morphology and crystallinity of CW were observed by TEM and XRD, illustrated that the dimension of whisker was affected by hydrolysis time. Increasing of hydrolysis time, the length of whisker was more regular with narrower distribution. Moreover, the crystallinity of whisker was obviously increased after acid hydrolysis. The nanocomposite film showed rough surface compared to pure PLA film due to some agglomeration of nanoparticles. However, CW and PLA were well-mixed with no phase separation. The introduction of 0.1 phr of CW decrease cold-crystallization temperature (Tcc) from about 121 °C to 118 °C and also increase the degree of crystallinity around 10%. There was no difference of thermal transition temperature between pure PLA and nanocomposite films with the addition of CW more than 0.1 phr which inspected by DSC. Despite the transition temperature express insignificantly different, the degree of crystallinity of nanocomposite was increase, indicating that chitin whisker would induce the crystallinity of PLA.
Effect of Zeolite as a Green Catalyst and Nucleation Agent on the Physical Properties of Poly(Ethylene 2,5-Furan-Dicarboxylate)
Authors: Park Je Young , Oh Dong Yeop X. , Kim Tae Ho , Hwang Sung Yeon
Published: July 2018

In this study, poly(ethylene 2,5-furan dicarboxylate) (PEF) was synthesized from biomass-based dimethyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate using different-sized zeolites, with substituted ions such as Li and K, as efficient green catalysts for in situ polymerization. The Z5Ali catalyst yielded the PEF biopolyester with the highest weight-average molecular weight among all the samples: 53,800 g/mol. From their TGA curves, it was confirmed that the PEF sample with ZA5Li as the catalyst showed an increased thermal stability compared to homo-PEF. Generally, homo-PEF exhibited a very low melt-crystallization rate with low enthalpy. However, all the PEF samples using zeolite as the catalyst formed endotherms I and II. This result was attributed to the fact that zeolite affects the melt and recrystallization of imperfect crystals due to physical hindrance.
Reliability on timber columns under fire situation
Authors: Marcolan Júnior Auro Cândido , Dias de Moraes Poliana
Published: July 2018

Timber structures in fire situation are subject to intrinsic uncertainties from the material and the actions on the structure and their probabilistic behavior has not being studied exhaustively. In this paper, four limit state equations using the reduced cross-section method are developed for timber columns in fire situation. The security criteria taken into account in these equations are the compression, the lateral stability and the combined bending and compression, according to the NBR 7190:1997 standard. The structural reliability analysis of five simply supported timber columns with rectangular cross-section in fire situation and different base and height ratios where performed using the first order reliability method. The overall probability of failure of the column was obtained by associating the failure criteria in a series system. The reliability behavior of the different base to height ratios was evaluated, leading to different results for the distinct ratios and the criteria used. Also, a sensitivity analysis was performed indicating the timber charring rate as the most important random variable in the reliability analysis for these limit state equations.
Getting to grips with the public trust doctrine in biodiversity conservation: A brief overview
Authors: Blackmore Andrew C.
Published: July 2018

The explicit incorporation of the public trust doctrine into South Africa’s Bill of Rights in SouthAfrica’s Constitution, and its subsequent codification into the country’s environmentalbiodiversity, protected area, water, minerals and heritage legislation, occurred to a large extentwithout applause or fanfare. It is apparent that in the 20-odd years since the adoption of SouthAfrica’s Constitution, the existence and importance of the public trust doctrine within theacademic and legal fraternities, bureaucratic decision-making and the courts have largely beenoverlooked. This observation evokes curiosity about the history and evolution of the doctrineand its meaning and relevance in, at least, the conservation of biodiversity in a South Africancontext. It is concluded that the nature of the application of the public trust doctrine in SouthAfrica remains an enigma, and the development and refinement of this jurisprudence arerequired. The variable and, in places, conflicting wording of the trust-related provisions in anumber of South Africa’s environmental statutes suggests that the doctrine and hence thenature of its application was not fully understood by the drafters of the statutes or by thelegislature adopting those statutes into law. The public trust doctrine in South Africanenvironmental law lies beyond the country’s Constitution, and appears to have multiplebloodlines, which dispels the notion that South Africa hermetically imported the concept froma single source. The interpretation and hence the nature of the application of the doctrine inSouth Africa is likely to be influenced by the country’s heritage and hence is likely to varybetween the disciplines that constitute South Africa’s environmental law.
Exploring the internal antecedents that prompt consumers’ impulsive behaviour in experiential retail contexts
Authors: Retief Miriam-Miri , Erasmus Alet C. , Petzer Daniel J.
Published: July 2018

Orientation: Experiential settings are becoming more popular to differentiate conventional brick-and-mortar retailing which now faces fierce competition from multiple other retail platforms.Research purpose: The study aims to identify and explain the internal driving forces that positively predict consumers’ impulsive behaviour in experiential retail settings.Research design, approach and method: This quantitative investigation entailed a retrospective assessment of consumers’ experiences at diverse experiential retailers. An electronic survey approach enabled the collection of 402 usable questionnaires based on a purposive sampling technique whereby a heterogeneous sample of consumers 18 years and above who have visited one of the identified experiential retailers were recruited. Stepwise regression analyses were conducted to test the hypothesised relationships between the independent and dependent variables.Main findings: Results suggest that consumers’ mood and emotions, adventure, gratification and social shopping motives as well as their desire for recreation are conducive to certain impulsive behavioural outcomes, namely irresistible desire creation, impulsive purchases and impulsive participation. A significant finding is that impulsive actions are not necessarily preceded by an irresistible urge. However, the urge to act on impulse is regarded a separate impulsive behavioural outcome.Practical/managerial implications: Impulsive behaviour should be regarded as a valuable outcome in terms of an understanding of consumers’ behaviour in experiential retail contexts. Not only does it offer retailers competitive advantage possibilities but it also constitutes more satisfying experiences for consumers.Contribution/value-add: A theoretical contribution is made in terms of an integration of literature on experiential retail and impulsive behaviour.
Spiritual leaders’ experiences of a comprehensive HIV stigma reduction intervention
Authors: Kruger Germari , Greeff Minrie , Letšosa Rantoa
Published: July 2018

HIV is a deadly reality in South African communities, where people living with HIV (PLWH) do not only face physical sickness but also severe stigmatisation. Literature shows that spiritual leaders (religious leaders/traditional healers) can have a very meaningful role in the reduction of HIV stigma. This article reports on part of a comprehensive community-based HIV stigma reduction intervention with PLWH and people living close to them, which included partners, children, family members, friends, community members and spiritual leaders. The focus of this article is on the experiences of spiritual leaders during and after the HIV stigma reduction intervention. The research took place in both an urban and rural setting in the North-West Province of South Africa and data collection was done by means of in-depth interviews with the spiritual leaders. The interaction with PLWH during the intervention activated new experiences for spiritual leaders: acceptance and empathy for PLWH, an awareness of their own ignorance, a stronger realisation of God’s presence and a realisation that they could inspire hope in PLWH. A greater awareness was created of HIV and of the associated realities regarding disclosure and stigma. The inclusion of spiritual leaders as well as PLWH brought about a positive shift in the attitudes of communities through the increase of knowledge and understanding of HIV stigma. They saw themselves playing a much greater part in facilitating such a shift and in reducing HIV stigma in their own congregations and their communities at large.
Eastern Orthodox Churches and Ecumenism according to the Holy Pan-Orthodox Council of Crete (2016)
Authors: Morariu Iuliu-Marius
Published: July 2018

Starting from the investigation of the documents issued by the Bishops who participated in the Holy Pan-Orthodox Council held in June 2016 in Crete, the author speaks in this research about the way in which ecumenism is understood from the perspective of this important event. The article tries to answer the question ‘How did the event influence the Orthodox attitude towards ecumenism?’ analysing documents, Mission of the Orthodox Church in Today’s World and Relations of the Orthodox Church with the Rest of the Christian World, he shows that the dialogue entailed by ecumenism is perceived nowadays, according to the documents of the World Council of Churches, like a pilgrimage of justice and peace, and he highlights the main topics of this perception. Therefore, he shows that, according to the documents, a real and fruitful dialogue with other Christian faiths must be based on the Trinitarian witness, the Bible, the Tradition, the Creed and the teaching of the Seven Councils and that, among its main topics, one must definitely mention the witness, love, dialogue, the fight against discrimination or the care for the future of the Earth. The relevance of the ecclesiological background and of its understanding for the future of this dialogue is also mentioned. The documents are investigated in a deductive and comparative-analytic way by the author. If before the Council there was no official general attitude of the Orthodox space regarding ecumenism, nor an official document on this topic – although between 1968 and 1998 (the year when the Georgian and Bulgarian Orthodox Churches withdrew from the WCC), all the Orthodox Churches were members of the WCC – after this event, there is an official position and a list of main topics that could be developed and principles that should be respected for a fruitful dialogue in the future, at least for the Churches that took part in the Council. By analysing the aforementioned topics, by correlating them with other texts dedicated to the Council of Crete, and also by emphasising the perception of the Orthodox Church about ecumenical dialogue and its developments starting from the aforementioned event, the research brings into attention a sensitive topic and highlights some of its important, but not enough highlighted, aspects.
Об одном уравнении ортогональности в нормированных пространствах
Authors: Wójcik Pawel
Published: July 2018

Цель данной работы - ответить на вопрос, поставленный Альсиной, Сикорской и Томашем, каждое ли отображение, сохраняющее норму производных, является линейным.
Стабильность относительно возмущений, малых по норме Гильберта-Шмидта, для $C^*$-алгебр
Authors: Hadwin Don , Shulman Tat'yana Viktorovna
Published: July 2018

В работе рассматривается следовая стабильность $C^*$-алгебр, то есть общее свойство устойчивости соотношений в норме типа Гильберта-Шмидта, определяемой следом на $C^*$-алгебре. Точные определения формулируются в терминах следовых ультрапроизведений. Получена характеризация матричной следовой стабильности для ядерных $C^*$-алгебр в терминах аппроксимации следовых состояний следами конечномерных представлений. Для неядерного случая новые препятствия и контрпримеры строятся в терминах теории свободной энтропии. Указываются приложения к проблеме стабильности соотношений на группах. Доказывается, что следовая стабильность коммутативных $C^*$-алгебр эквивалентна аппроксимативной линейной связности их пространств максимальных идеалов.
Теоремы лиувиллевского типа для уравнений Навье-Стокса
Authors: Seregin Grigorii Aleksandrovich , Shilkin Timofei Nikolaevich
Published: July 2018

В работе описывается подход к изучению локальной регулярности слабых решений уравнений Навье-Стокса, основанный на сведении вопросов локальной гладкости исходных решений к доказательству теорем лиувиллевского типа для ограниченных античных решений, а также дается обзор известных на сегодняшний день результатов по теоремам Лиувилля для различных классов античных решений уравнений Навье-Стокса
Библиография: 55 названий.
Typhoid Fever: Tracking the Trend in Nigeria
Authors: Akinyemi Kabiru Olusegun , Oyefolu Akeeb Oriowo Bola , Mutiu Wasiu Bamidele , Iwalokun Bamidele Abiodun , Ayeni Edward Sunday , Ajose Samuel Oluwasegun , Obaro Stephen K.
Published: July 2018

Typhoid fever continues to pose a serious health challenge in developing countries. A reliable database on positive blood cultures is essential for prompt interventions. To generate reliable data on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi)–positive blood culture trends in typhoidal Salmonella in Nigeria alongside changing contextual factors and antimicrobial resistance patterns, a retrospective cohort study was conducted in two hospitals in Lagos between 1993 and 2015. Medical records of typhoid patients were reviewed for positive culture and antibiogram, using standard procedures and analyzed. Additional data were retrieved from a previous study in seven facilities in Abuja and three hospitals in Kano from 2008 to 2017 and 2013 to 2017, respectively. A declining trend in percent positivity of S. Typhi was observed in Abuja with more erratic trends in Lagos and Kano. In Lagos, more than 80% of the isolates from the entire study period exhibited multiple drug resistance with a generally increasing trend. Of the chosen contextual factors, improvements were recorded in female literacy, access to improved water supply, diarrheal mortality in children younger than 5 years, gross domestic product, and poverty while access to improved sanitation facilities decreased over time nationally. Typhoid fever still poses a serious health challenge in Nigeria and in antibiotic resistance, and is a major health security issue. A combined approach that includes the use of typhoid vaccines, improvements in sanitation, and safe water supply is essential.
Typhoidal Salmonella Trends in Thailand
Authors: Techasaensiri Chonnamet , Radhakrishnan Amruta , Als Daina , Thisyakorn Usa
Published: July 2018

Typhoid and paratyphoid fever remain endemic diseases in Thailand with wide variation in subnational incidence trends. We examined these trends alongside contextual factors to study potential interactions and guide control strategies for this disease. Culture-confirmed typhoid and paratyphoid fever data from 2003 to 2014 were collected from the Ministry of Public Health website. Contextual factor data were collected from various sources including World Health Organization/United Nations Children’s Fund Joint Monitoring Program, United Education Statistical World Bank database, World Bank, Development Research group, and global child mortality estimates published in the Lancet. Typhoid fever exhibited a declining trend with peak incidence reported in 2003 at 8.6 cases per 100,000 persons per year. Incidence dropped to three cases per 100,000 persons in 2014. The trend in paratyphoid fever remained stable with the peak incidence of 0.77 cases per 100,000 persons observed in 2009. Subnational variations of typhoid were seen throughout the study period with the highest incidence observed in the northwestern region of Thailand. Increases in female literacy, and access to improved water and sanitation were observed with decreases in poverty head count ratio and diarrheal mortality rate per 1,000 live births. Case fatality remained consistently low at 0.4% or less in all years with reported deaths. At the national level, typhoid fever incidence has shown a notable decline; however, incidence appears to have plateaued since 2007 with access to improved water supply and sanitation above 80%. Eliminating this disease will require strong disease prevention measures in conjunction with effective treatment interventions.
Typhoid Fever: Way Forward
Authors: Bhutta Zulfiqar A. , Gaffey Michelle F. , Crump John A. , Steele Duncan , Breiman Robert F. , Mintz Eric D. , Black Robert E. , Luby Stephen P. , Levine Myron M.
Published: July 2018

The Tackling Typhoid supplement shows that typhoid fever continues to be a problem globally despite socioeconomic gains in certain settings. Morbidity remains high in many endemic countries, notably in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. In addition, antimicrobial resistance is a growing issue that poses a challenge for clinical management. The findings from this supplement revealed that outside of high-income countries, there were few reliable population-based estimates of typhoid and paratyphoid fever derived from surveillance systems. This indicates the need for monitoring systems that can also characterize the effectiveness of interventions, particularly in low- and middle-income settings. The country case studies indicated that gains in economic conditions, education, and environmental health may be associated with reductions in typhoid fever burden. Over the study period, the effect is mainly notable in countries with higher baseline levels of economic development, female literacy, and investments in public sanitation. High burden countries must continue to invest in strategies at the local level to address environmental factors such as access to safe drinking water and improved public sanitation that are known to interrupt transmission or diminish the risk of acquiring typhoid. Developing more effective vaccines and incorporating appropriate immunization strategies that target populations with the greatest risk could potentially alleviate disease burden.
The Burden of Typhoid Fever in South Africa: The Potential Impact of Selected Interventions
Authors: Keddy Karen H. , Smith Anthony M. , Sooka Arvinda , Tau Nomsa P. , Ngomane Hlengiwe M. P. , Radhakrishnan Amruta , Als Daina , Benson Frew G.
Published: July 2018

Typhoid fever is notifiable in South Africa but clinical notification is notoriously poor. South Africa has an estimated annual incidence rate of 0.1 cases per 100,000 population of culture-confirmed typhoid fever, decreased from 17 cases per 100,000 population in the 1980s. This work was undertaken to identify the reasons for this decrease and identify potential weaknesses that may result in an increase of observed cases. Culture-confirmed cases, with additional demographic and clinical data have been collected from selected sentinel sites since 2003. Data on contextual factors (gross domestic product [GDP], sanitation, female education, and childhood diarrhea mortality) were collected. National incidence rates of culture-confirmed typhoid fever have remained constant for the past 13 years, with the exception of an outbreak in 2005: incidence was 0.4 per 100,000 population. Paratyphoid fever remains a rare disease. Antimicrobial susceptibility data suggest resistance to ciprofloxacin and azithromycin is emerging. The South African population increased from 27.5 million in 1980 to 55.0 million in 2015: urbanization increased from 50% to 65%, GDP increased from United States Dollar (USD) $2,910 to USD $6,167, access to sanitation improved from 64.4% to 70.0% in the urban population and 26.4% to 60.5% in rural areas. Female literacy levels improved from 74.8% to 92.6% over the period. Improved socioeconomic circumstances in South Africa have been temporally associated with decreasing incidence rates of typhoid fever over a 35-year period. Ongoing challenges remain including potential for large outbreaks, a large immigrant population, and emerging antimicrobial resistance. Continued active surveillance is mandatory.
Does CMMI Implementation affect the Performance of the Firm? An Evaluation from a Dynamic Capabilities Approach
Authors: Agenjo Eduardo , Martín-Cruz Natalia , Ruiz-Martin Cristina , López-Paredes Adolfo
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we study the impact of the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) on firm performance both during and after its implementation. The literature pointed out that CMMI is theoretically related to the generation of dynamic capabilities. To give an empirical view of these theories, we built a database of economic and financial data from Spanish firms involved in programming, consultancy or another computer-related sector. This data allowed us to study the relationship between the use of CMMI and the firm economic and financial performance in an empirical way. The main finding of the analysis is a negative relationship between the use of CMMI and profitability in the firms during the analyzed period and sector.
Policy experiments in an agent-based model with credit networks
Authors: Assenza Tiziana , Cardaci Alberto , Gatti Domenico Delli , Grazzini Jakob
Published: July 2018

In this paper the authors extend the macroeconomic agent-based model described in Delli Gatti, D., Desiderio, S., Gaffeo, E., Cirillo, P. and Gallegati, M. (Macroeconomics from the bottom-up, 2011) with the inclusion of a bank-bank network that mimics real-world dynamics of interbank markets. They also introduce a public sector and other modifications in order to carry out different policy experiments. More specifically, they test the implementation of a monetary policy by means of a standard Taylor rule, an unconventional monetary policy (i.e. helicopter drop) and a set of macroprudential regulations. The authors explore the properties of the model for such different scenarios. The results shed some light on the effectiveness of monetary and macroprudential policies in an economy with an interbank market during times of crises.
Real Life Cryptology
Authors: Láng Benedek ,   Atlantis Press SARL
Published: July 2018

A large number of enciphered documents survived from early modern Hungary. This area was a particularly fertile territory where cryptographic methods proliferated, because a large portion of the population was living in the frontier zone, and participated (or was forced to participate) in the network of the information flow. A quantitative analysis of sixteenth-century to seventeenth-century Hungarian ciphers (300 cipher keys and 1,600 partly or entirely enciphered letters) reveals that besides the dominance of diplomatic use of cryptography, there were many examples of ŸprivateŒ applications too. This book reconstructs the main reasons and goals why historical actors chose to use ciphers in a diplomatic letter, a military order, a diary or a private letter, what they decided to encrypt, and how they perceived the dangers threatening their messages.
Navigating “Mixedness”: The Information Behaviours and Experiences of Biracial Youth in Australia
Authors: Mckie Indra Ayu Susan
Published: July 2018

It is generally understood that, ‘for those deemed white, the idea of race serves as a vast source of unearned privilege within all facets of life; for those deemed coloured, it means susceptibility to countless forms of prejudice and racism’ (Nuttgens 2010, p. 255). But what does this mean for a person with indistinguishable physical features, who is questioned daily, “where are you from?” or, even more dehumanisingly – “what are you? In the current racial climate of Australia, biracial second-generation Australians are left to choose between two or more identities on how to behave in attempts to fit binary racial groups and expectations (Shih & Sanchez 2009).

This paper presents the data from six in-depth interviews with Asian biracial youth from across Sydney. The interviews explore how this group has confronted race while developing their own identities during adolescence, as well as how their understanding of being “mixed” has developed over time. In exploring this collective racial identity, I draw from my own racialised experiences to address emergent themes from my findings.

Numerous displays of information behaviours emerged from the participant’s stories of isolation, belonging and resentment towards their racial mixedness. Information avoidance, browsing, seeking and satisficing were observed within their daily experiences of school, family and social life. Such practices informed how these individuals internalised their inherited intersection of racial persecution and privilege. Critical engagement with information behaviours theories justifies the modern notions of identity as a continuous state of reconstruction (Hall 1996) as the biracial participants of this study struggle to find balance with the external validation of others and their driving agency to be themselves.
The Institutionalisation of the Public Intellectual
Authors: Yerbury Hilary , Burridge Nina
Published: July 2018

As the way academics work becomes increasingly specified and regulated, the role of the public intellectual, as championed by Burawoy and exemplified by Jakubowicz, is changing. Engagement with the professions and industry is being proposed as a requirement for a research-active academic. Prescriptions for the way this might happen have the potential to remove the sense of responsibility inherent in Burawoy’s notion of the public intellectual and the suggested use of social media to promote new knowledge potentially dilutes the notion of ‘publics’ which is fundamental to the notion of the public intellectual, substituting the individual for the collective. This in turn has an impact on the kind of informed debate that can influence policy development. This paper explores the narratives of new academics as they seek to answer the questions Giddens asserted were fundamental to the creation of identity in late modernity – What to do? How to act? Who to be? It positions these narratives of identify in a broader discourse of the role of the academic in the creation of new knowledge, perceptions of the role of the university in contemporary Australian culture and the constraints of work planning and performance management.
Contributions of residential coal combustion to the air quality in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH), China: a case study
Authors: Li Xia , Wu Jiarui , Elser Miriam , Feng Tian , Cao Junji , El-Haddad Imad , Huang Rujin , Tie Xuexi , Prévôt André S. H. , Li Guohui
Published: July 2018

Abstract. In the present study, the WRF-Chem model is used to assess
contributions of residential coal combustion (RCC) emissions to the air
quality in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) during a persistent air pollution
episode from 9 to 25 January 2014. In general, the predicted temporal
variations and spatial distributions of the mass concentrations of air
pollutants are in good agreement with observations at monitoring sites in
BTH. The WRF-Chem model also reasonably reproduces the temporal variations
in aerosol species when compared with the aerosol mass spectrometer measurements in Beijing. The
RCC emissions play an important role in the haze formation in BTH,
contributing about 23.1 % of PM2.5 (fine particulate matter) and
42.6 % of SO2 during the simulation period on average. Organic
aerosols dominate the PM2.5 from the RCC emissions in BTH, with a
contribution of 42.8 %, followed by sulfate (17.1 %). The air quality in
Beijing is remarkably improved when the RCC emissions in BTH and the
surrounding areas are excluded in model simulations, with a 30 % decrease
in PM2.5 mass concentrations. However, if only the RCC emissions in
Beijing are excluded, the local PM2.5 mass concentration is decreased by
18.0 % on average. Our results suggest that the implementation of the
residential coal replacement by clean energy sources in Beijing is
beneficial to the local air quality. Should residential coal replacement
be carried out in BTH and its surrounding areas, the air quality in Beijing
would be improved remarkably. Further studies would need to consider
uncertainties in the emission inventory and meteorological fields.
Patterns of longer-term climate change effects on CO2 efflux from biocrusted soils differ from those observed in the short term
Authors: Darrouzet-Nardi Anthony , Reed Sasha C. , Grote Edmund E. , Belnap Jayne
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are predicted to be
sensitive to the increased temperature and altered precipitation associated
with climate change. We assessed the effects of these factors on soil carbon
dioxide (CO2) balance in biocrusted soils using a sequence of
manipulations over a 9-year period. We warmed biocrusted soils by 2 and,
later, by 4 ∘C to better capture updated forecasts of future
temperature at a site on the Colorado Plateau, USA. We also watered soils to
alter monsoon-season precipitation amount and frequency and had plots that
received both warming and altered precipitation treatments. Within treatment
plots, we used 20 automated flux chambers to monitor net soil exchange (NSE)
of CO2 hourly, first in 2006–2007 and then again in 2013–2014, for a
total of 39 months. Net CO2 efflux from biocrusted soils in the warming
treatment increased a year after the experiment began (2006–2007). However,
after 9 years and even greater warming (4 ∘C), results were more
mixed, with a reversal of the increase in 2013 (i.e., controls showed higher
net CO2 efflux than treatment plots) and with similarly high rates in
all treatments during 2014, a wet year. Over the longer term, we saw
evidence of reduced photosynthetic capacity of the biocrusts in response to
both the temperature and altered precipitation treatments. Patterns in
biocrusted soil CO2 exchange under experimentally altered climate
suggest that (1) warming stimulation of CO2 efflux was diminished later
in the experiment, even in the face of greater warming; and (2) treatment
effects on CO2 flux patterns were likely driven by changes in biocrust
species composition and by changes in root respiration due to vascular plant
responses.
Tectonic controls of Holocene erosion in a glaciated orogen
Authors: Adams Byron A. , Ehlers Todd A.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Recent work has highlighted a strong, worldwide, alpine glacial impact on
orogen erosion rates over the last 2 Ma. While it may be assumed that
glaciers increased erosion rates when active, the degree to which past
glaciations influence Holocene erosion rates through the adjustment of
topography is not known. In this study, we investigate the influence of
long-term tectonic and post-glacial topographic controls on erosion in a
glaciated orogen: the Olympic Mountains, USA. We present 14 new 10Be and
26Al analyses which constrain Holocene erosion rates across the Olympic
Mountains. Basin-averaged erosion rates scale with basin-averaged values of 5 km local relief, channel steepness, and hillslope angle throughout the range,
similar to observations from non-glaciated orogens. These erosion rates are
not related to mean annual precipitation or the marked change in Pleistocene
alpine glacier size across the range, implying that glacier modification of
topography and modern precipitation parameters do not exert strong controls
on these rates. Rather, we find that despite spatial variations in glacial
modification of topography, patterns of recent erosion are similar to those
from estimates of long-term tectonic rock uplift. This is consistent with a
tectonic model where erosion and rock uplift patterns are controlled by the
deformation of the Cascadia subduction zone.
Evaluating the interaction between sediment fluxes, carbon dynamics and biomass production using an integrated
model
Authors: Bouchoms Samuel , Wang Zhengang , Vanacker Veerle , Van Oost Kristof
Published: July 2018

Abstract. During the last centuries, forest clearance has led to an increase of the erosion rates by one to two orders of magnitude. Sustained accelerated soil erosion alters key soil properties such as nutrient, water availability, soil depth and soil texture, which in turns have detrimental effects on crop yields and therefore reduce C input to soils. In this study, we applied a 1-D model dynamically linking soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover, soil erosion and crop yield at the profile scale. We extracted a relationship linking crop yield to soil erosion based on available literature and categorized them into three functional forms: high sensitivity to erosion, linear response and low sensitivity to erosion. We tested and validated the model using published observational data from 12 catchments across Europe and the USA. Model evaluation showed that accounting for the erosion-crop yield feedback (i) increased SOC losses by 20 % on average and (ii) improved the SOC losses predictions, particularly for higher cumulative soil erosion, compared to the results obtained without the feedback. Cumulative vertical carbon fluxes were reduced by 15 to 71 % compared to the no-feedback model, although the large variability highlighted the need to perform site-specific adjustments of the erosion-crop yield relationship. Exploration of parameter sensitivity to SOC parameters and erosion showed that long-term simulations of both SOC loss and vertical C fluxes were primarily influenced by the erosion rate, the yield response to erosion and the depth distribution of the mineralization rate of organic matter. Our simulations further highlighted the increased SOC losses (−3 to −17 %) and reduced C uptake from the atmosphere (−30 %) in the erosion-crop yield feedback scenario, compared to the no-feedback scenario after 200 years, as well as the importance of the functional form of the erosion-crop yield relationship. Together, this modeling study shows that including the effects of erosion on crop yields has a large potential to reduce uncertainties associated with the estimation of the C budget in landscapes subjected to erosion.
Glacier change along West Antarctica's Marie Byrd Land Sector and links to inter-decadal atmosphere–ocean variability
Authors: Christie Frazer D. W. , Bingham Robert G. , Gourmelen Noel , Steig Eric J. , Bisset Rosie R. , Pritchard Hamish D. , Snow Kate , Tett Simon F. B.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Over the past 20 years satellite remote sensing has captured significant
downwasting of glaciers that drain the West Antarctic Ice Sheet into the
ocean, particularly across the Amundsen Sea Sector. Along the neighbouring
Marie Byrd Land Sector, situated west of Thwaites Glacier to Ross Ice Shelf,
glaciological change has been only sparsely monitored. Here, we use optical
satellite imagery to track grounding-line migration along the Marie Byrd Land
Sector between 2003 and 2015, and compare observed changes with ICESat and
CryoSat-2-derived surface elevation and thickness change records. During the
observational period, 33 % of the grounding line underwent retreat, with
no significant advance recorded over the remainder of the ∼ 2200 km
long coastline. The greatest retreat rates were observed along the
650 km-long Getz Ice Shelf, further west of which only minor retreat
occurred. The relative glaciological stability west of
Getz Ice Shelf can be
attributed to a divergence of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current from the
continental-shelf break at 135∘ W, coincident with a transition in
the morphology of the continental shelf. Along Getz Ice Shelf, grounding-line
retreat reduced by 68 % during the CryoSat-2 era relative to earlier
observations. Climate reanalysis data imply that wind-driven upwelling of
Circumpolar Deep Water would have been reduced during this later period,
suggesting that the observed slowdown was a response to reduced oceanic
forcing. However, lack of comprehensive oceanographic and bathymetric
information proximal to Getz Ice Shelf's grounding zone make it difficult to
assess the role of intrinsic glacier dynamics, or more complex
ice-sheet–ocean interactions, in moderating this slowdown. Collectively, our
findings underscore the importance of spatial and inter-decadal variability
in atmosphere and ocean interactions in moderating glaciological change
around Antarctica.
Pore morphology of polar firn around closure revealed by X-ray tomography
Authors: Burr Alexis , Ballot Clément , Lhuissier Pierre , Martinerie Patricia , Martin Christophe L. , Philip Armelle
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Understanding the slow densification process of polar firn into ice is
essential in order to constrain the age difference between the ice matrix and
entrapped gases. The progressive microstructure evolution of the firn column
with depth leads to pore closure and gas entrapment. Air transport models in
the firn usually include a closed porosity profile based on available data.
Pycnometry or melting–refreezing techniques have been used to obtain the
ratio of closed to total porosity and air content in closed pores,
respectively. X-ray-computed tomography is complementary to these methods, as
it enables one to obtain the full pore network in 3-D. This study takes
advantage of this nondestructive technique to discuss the morphological
evolution of pores on four different Antarctic sites. The computation of
refined geometrical parameters for the very cold polar sites Dome C and
Lock In (the two Antarctic plateau sites studied here) provides new
information that could be used in further studies. The comparison of these
two sites shows a more tortuous pore network at Lock In than at Dome C, which
should result in older gas ages in deep firn at Lock In. A comprehensive
estimation of the different errors related to X-ray tomography and to the
sample variability has been performed. The procedure described here may be
used as a guideline for further experimental characterization of firn
samples. We show that the closed-to-total porosity ratio, which is
classically used for the detection of pore closure, is strongly affected by
the sample size, the image reconstruction, and spatial heterogeneities. In
this work, we introduce an alternative parameter, the connectivity index,
which is practically independent of sample size and image acquisition
conditions, and that accurately predicts the close-off depth and density. Its
strength also lies in its simple computation, without any assumption of the
pore status (open or close). The close-off prediction is obtained for Dome C
and Lock In, without any further numerical simulations on
images (e.g., by permeability or
diffusivity calculations).
O Red Bull Paranauê sob uma ótica Folkcomunicacional: reflexões de patrimônio, identidade e competição
Authors: Silva Ana Carmem do Nascimento , Paiva Beatriz Lima de
Published: July 2018

RESUMO Consideram-se os processos de globalização e mundialização (ORTIZ, 2013, 2009) e os apelos midiático e mercadológicos que configuram as atuais circunstâncias em que a cultura e o mercado se cruzam. Logo, reflete-se sobre o evento esportivo Red Bull Paranauê, ocorrido no Brasil no ano de 2017 e 2018, destacando a Capoeira enquanto Patrimônio Imaterial e a projeção construída pela competição esportiva. Discute-se, com base na concepção de folkmarketing (LUCENA FILHO, 2007), as implicações do Red Bull Paranauê sobre os aspectos de identidade e cultura. Evidencia-se, ainda, vozes de capoeiristas que se posicionam de modos distintos sobre o fenômeno da mundialização da Capoeira e a suas projeções midiáticas. Embora se reconheça uma determinada visibilidade mundial da Capoeira e dos capoeiristas brasileiros, preocupa-se com os efeitos futuros de uma perspectiva exclusivamente competitiva. PALAVRAS-CHAVE Capoeira; Red Bull Paranauê; Folkmartketing; Patrimônio imaterial; Identidade.
Evaluation of Stress Hormone (Cortisol) Levels and Some Biochemical Parameters of Pigs Kept Under Intensive Management Systems in Morogoro, Tanzania
Authors: Bakari Gaymary George , Mollel Ester , Max Robert Arsen , Muhairwa Amandus P.
Published: July 2018

The worldwide increase in demand for animal products in recent decades has necessitated raising of food animals under intensive systems that have been demonstrated to cause stress to animals. A cross sectional study was carried conducted to evaluate the welfare of pigs kept under intensive system using serum cortisol levels and some biochemical parameters as indicators of stress. A total of 302 pigs, aged three months to two years, from urban and peri-urban areas of Morogoro township were purposively involved in the study which assessed farm management aspects (housing and feeding) and blood levels of cortisol and some biochemical parameters (glucose, total protein and cholesterol). Results showed that serum cortisol levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in pigs from the peri-urban farms than those dwelling in the urban settings. Weaner pigs and boars had the highest serum cortisol levels compared to growers, gilts and sows. Significantly high levels of plasma cholesterol (p < 0.05) were measured in boars followed by gilts and weaners all kept in the urban areas whereas insignificant differences were observed as far as plasma glucose and total proteins were concerned. Result on farm management assessment showed that urban piggery housing was of better quality than in the peri-urban and that feeding was largely influenced by local availability of the major feed ingredients such as maize bran and vegetable residues. About 80% of urban pigs were maintained on high concentrate feed due to availability of swills (restaurant leftovers) and maize bran whereas low concentrate feed with mainly vegetable residues dominated in the peri-urban settings. It is concluded that, serum cortisol levels observed in the current study were a reflection of stress to different groups of pigs kept under the intensive system and that feeds had some direct effect on biochemical parameters such as plasma cholesterol levels.