bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wicked “wild dogs”: Australian public awareness of and attitudes towards dingoes and dingo management
Authors: van Eeden Lily M. , Crowther Mathew S. , Dickman Chris R. , Newsome Thomas M.
Published: July 2020

Public opposition has shaped management of wild animals in Australia, but public interest in dingo control has been minimal. We hypothesised that this is due to lack of awareness of dingo management practices, in part because using the term “wild dogs” to describe management renders “dingoes” invisible, framing the issue as one of control of introduced pests rather than control of an iconic Australian animal. We distributed an online questionnaire survey to the Australian public (N = 811) to measure how the public perceived dingoes and their management, how these views compared with other animals managed as pests in Australia, and whether the term “wild dogs” has shaped views and knowledge of dingo management. Most respondents (84.6%) considered dingoes to be native to Australia and there was low approval of lethal control methods, except when justification was provided (e.g., to protect livestock or endangered native species). Only 19.1% were aware that “wild dog” management included dingoes, and attitudes towards “wild dogs” were more negative than those towards dingoes. If public awareness about dingo management increases, pressure from the public may result and shape future management actions, including restricting the use of lethal control practices like poison baiting on public lands. As such, public attitudes should be incorporated into decision-making, and appropriate communication strategies need to be employed to prevent backlash.
Congregations of a threatened species: mitigating impacts from Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus camps on the Batemans Bay community
Authors: Mo Matthew , Roache Mike , Lenson Deb , Thomson Heidi , Jarvis Mitchell , Foster Natalie , Radford Angie , Oliver Lorraine , Oliver Damon L. , Bentley Joss
Published: July 2020

Flying-fox camps in urban areas are a contentious wildlife management issue. Since 2012, Grey-headed Flying-foxes Pteropus poliocephalus have regularly occupied two camps in Batemans Bay, New South Wales (NSW). At one site, the Water Gardens, impacts on adjacent residents and businesses occur when animals roost near the reserve boundaries. During March–July 2016, a large influx of flying-foxes arrived, causing the camps to spread into neighbouring residential, recreational and industrial areas. Prior to this, impacts had been mitigated through vegetation clearing to create buffer zones and residential subsidies for mitigation equipment and services. The influx warranted additional measures such as a dispersal program and further vegetation removal, which were expedited by the Commonwealth Government granting a National Interest Exemption under section 158 of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the NSW Government committing $2.5 million in funding towards the new measures. These measures moved flying-foxes from key conflict areas but also coincided with flying-fox numbers reducing as local blossom diminished. Ongoing community engagement played an important role in building community resilience to live with this threatened species, which is vital considering that Batemans Bay will likely continue to be an important area for flying-foxes.
Detection and Mitigation of Flood Attacks in IPv6 Enabled Software Defined Networks
Authors: Quadri O. Ashimi , David Adeniji Oluwashola
Published: July 2020

Software-defined networking (SDN) is an emerging technology, which provides network architecture that decouples the control plane from the data plane. Due to the centralized control, the network becomes more dynamic, and the network resources are managed in a more efficient and cost-effective manner. The centralization of the control plane requires robust and real-time security techniques. The security Techniques will protect it from any sign of vulnerabilities associated with the network such as a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. The problem of the data-plane is that the attack is hard to be tracked by the SDN controlling plane. This makes the switches to be more susceptible against these types of attacks and hence it is very important to have quick provisional methods in place to prevent the switches from breaking down as soon as first signs of an attack are detected. To resolve this problem, the research developed a mechanism that detects and mitigates flood attacks in IPv6 enabled software to define networks. An experimental testbed was developed using sFlow technique, floodlight controller, and OpenFlow version 1.3. A mitigation algorithm was also developed and was tested with a simulation tool Mininet. The real network traffic was tested on the testbed to investigate the effective mitigation of a DDoS attack. The mitigation time performance for IPv6 was 46.6% while IPv4 was 66.6%. Also, The result gathered from the experiment showed that both the response and detection times were 4 secs while the mitigation time was 7secs respectively. The overall control time being 11 secs. The experimental Testbed result shows that the developed testbed outperformed the previous methods with the ability to detect threats on the network faster. The result from the IPv6 testbed is a probable solution to mitigate the threats posed by DDoS attacks on the IPv6 enabled SDN network resources.
A Painful Shoulder Revealing Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Authors: Ranaivo N. A. R. , Narison M. L. Rakotomahefa , Bemena M. , Raobijaona S. H.
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a systemic proliferative disease. It is a rare disease that can affects all tissues. Evolution can be spontaneously favorable. Multi-organ involvement may be life-threatening. We report the case of an toddler with bone lesion and issues.

Case Report: It was a 33-month-old infant with right shoulder pain. Clinically, she had a swelling in the front side of the right shoulder with a limited abduction. X-ray of the right shoulder showed osteolysis with an irregular boundary of the right humeral head. The blood work was normal. In view of the painful swelling of the right shoulder, a biopsy was performed. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of Langerhans histiocytosis. A conservative treatment was decided after a multidisciplinary consultation meeting. After six months, spontaneous improvement was noted.

Conclusion: Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a proliferative pathology that can affect one or more organs. The clinical presentation is polymorphic according to the affected organ. An extension assessment is fundamental in the management in order to determine the treatment.
Effect of Different Salt Concentrations (NaCl) on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Tomato cv. BINA Tomato-10
Authors: Rofekuggaman Md. , Kubra Khadezatul , Mahmood Shreef
Published: July 2020

The experiment was carried out at the Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh to evaluate the rate of seeds germination and early seedlings growth of tomato under different levels of salinity. Experimental treatments consisted on five levels of natrium chloride (NaCl) (0, 25, 50, 100 and 150 mM). Seeds of tomato cv. BINA Tomato-10 were placed on Petri dishes for germination. Data on germination percentage, germination coefficient, length of radicle and plumule, fresh and dry mass of radicle and plumule, seed vigor index were recorded at different days after sowing. NaCl solutions significantly affected seed germination and growth of germinated seedlings. At 11 DAS, the highest seed germination (94.67%), maximum germination coefficient (15.91), longest radicle (7.61 cm) and plumule (5.77 cm), maximum seed vigor index (1266.34), highest fresh and dry mass of radicle (12.5 mg and 1.63 mg) and plumule (23.95 mg and 1.02 mg) were recorded in control treatment. High concentration of salt solution (150 mM NaCl) found to be detrimental for seed germination and seedling growth. BINA Tomato-10 can be recommended for the area having moderate level of salinity.
Prevention and Control Measures and Effects of COVID-19 in Shenmu City Hospital, China
Authors: Kun Gao , Hong Liu , Yonglin Liu , Qiang Wang , Zhenliang Qiao , Fuyong Jiao
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To explore the prevention and control strategies and effects of COVID-19 in Shenmu City Hospital, so as to provide basis for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in Shenmu City.

Methods: Retrospective analysis and review of our hospital after the outbreak of COVID-19 prevention and control program, response measures and management procedures and other aspects of the deployment.

Results: In the 86 days up to April 15, 2020, there were 7,843 pre-diagnosis and triage patients, among which 707 were high-risk group, 3,140 were general population and 3,996 were key population. 992 patients were treated in COVID-19 clinics, 2 suspected cases were reported and 89 were kept under observation. 5, 351 visits in general fever clinics; 89 cases were hospitalized in isolation ward, including 2 suspected cases. COVID-19 was discharged after improvement.

Conclusion: Initial progress has been made in epidemic prevention and control. COVID-19 has not been reported in the whole city. It shows that effective prevention and control strategies are of great significance for achieving the goal of "three zeros" (zero infection, zero spread and zero death), and are worth learning and promoting.
Assessment of Surface Water Contamination by Heavy Metals Due to Agricultural Practices in the Northern Part of Burkina Faso
Authors: Maïga Yaleu Stéphanie Batchakoue- , Hahiou Abitalib Djibo , Guel Boubié
Published: July 2020

Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess the status of the heavy metals As, Cd, Pb, Mn and Zn in the surface water of the Sub-catchment Barrage of Tougou for which water comes mainly from agricultural activities.

Place and Duration of Study: A total of 73 water samples were taken at the inflow of the water body and at several points located on the water body, from August to October 2019.

Methodology: Water samples were characterized for temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-) and phosphate (PO43-). Heavy metals were analyzed using a microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometer (MP-AES), Agilent Model 4210.

Results: The EC range was between 27.45 and 53.90 µS/cm with an average pH of 6.4. Nitrate (NO3-) was the most abundant anion in the water (39.70 mg / L) and phosphates (PO43-) were present in very small quantities (0.34 mg / L). The results showed very low concentrations of Pb and Cd, below 5 µg / L and below 2 µg / L, respectively. The concentrations of As, Mn and Zn in the water were 2.8 µg / L, 13.2 µg / L and 9.8 µg / L, respectively. Agricultural practices do not have a significant effect on surface waters. The concentrations of heavy metals analyzed in the water were lower than the standards established by the World Health Organization for drinking water quality.

Conclusion: This information, certainly important, does not allow us to conclude on the risk of the consumption of this water on human health. Further studies should be conducted on this water body to evaluate the potential risk for public health and to examine the concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments, because it is known that sediments have a high absorption capacity for heavy metals and are then considered the main target for water purification related to heavy metals.
Subjective versus Objective Assessment of Short Term Occupational Stress: Bias and Analysis of Self-Assessment of High Stress Levels
Authors: Alekhine Philippe Fauquet- , Rouillac Laetitia , Granry Jean-Claude
Published: July 2020

Aims: Experiments undertaken with two professions (engineers and anesthesiologists) have shown the possible overestimation of perceived stress by subjects when self-assessing stress through questionnaires for high levels of acute stress. Previous analyses having demonstrated that the overestimation was effective, the present study aimed at analyzing a possible effect due to professional traits.

Study Design: Data were compared with models of professional personality: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator approach, Holland’s theory of careers and vocational choice and the Five-Factor model of personality.

Place and Duration of Study: Data from previous studies were used: A sample of engineers working at the nuclear power plant of Chinon in France (published in 2014) and a sample of anesthesiologists working at the University Hospital of Angers, France (published in 2015).

Methodology: Anesthesiologists (N=11, 50% male, 25 to 35 years old) experienced a stress episode in an operating theater simulator. Engineers (N=8, 38% male, 25 to 35 years old) underwent a stress-test in their office. Heart rate was measured for each subject. Comparison was examined between the stress perceived by the subjects through the Post-traumatic Disorder Inventory and the expected levels of stress estimated using the heart rate data. Characterization of the difference was undertaken using models of professional personality.

Results: While a Myers-Briggs Type Indicator approach did not provide any relevant information, an approach based on Holland’s theory of careers and vocational choice and on the Five-Factor model of personality showed that overestimation of stress was linked with occupational preoccupations specific to the professions. Limitations, perspectives and scientific implications are discussed.

Conclusion: As a major recommendation for researchers, during experiments inducing high levels of acute stress, it is worth to consider the possibility to compare self-assessment of stress with physiological measurements in order to detect a possible overestimation of perceived stress.
An Effective Enterprise Earnings Management Detection Model for Capital Market Development
Authors: Chen Suduan , Shen Zong-De
Published: July 2020

This study focuses on accrual-based earnings management. The purpose of this study is to establish an innovative and high-accuracy model for detecting earnings management using hybrid machine learning methods integrating stepwise regression, elastic net, logistic regression (Logit regression), and decision tree C5.0. Samples of this study are the electronic companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange, and data are derived from the Taiwan Economic Journal (TEJ) for a period of ten years from 2008 to 2017. Results show that the earnings management detection model, as established by elastic net and C5.0, provides the best classification performance, and its average accuracy reaches 97.32%.
Adverse event notification analysis through patient safety culture research
Authors: Barbosa Roberta Flecher , Silva Alexandre Sousa da , Carreiro Mônica de Almeida , Bilio Rafael de Lima , Paula Danielle Galdino de
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: a avaliação da cultura de segurança do paciente permite aos hospitais identificar e gerir prospectivamente questões relevantes de segurança em suas rotinas de trabalho. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo, ocorrida no ano de 2017 na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulta em um hospital privado, localizado em Niterói/RJ. A população foram os profissionais médicos e equipe de enfermagem, utilizando análise estatística por meio de programa R, com a interface Rcmdr. Resultados: baseados nas respostas às perguntas sobre notificação de eventos aplicada com a Pesquisa de Cultura de Segurança do Paciente a 97 profissionais, com uma taxa de resposta de 85,6%, correspondendo a 83 profissionais. Menos de 45% dos participantes da pesquisa sempre notificam um erro, engano ou falha, que afete ou não o paciente, 59,0% não fizeram nenhuma notificação nos últimos 12 meses antecedentes à pesquisa e não houve diferença significativa na quantidade de notificação que destacasse uma categoria profissional, graduados ou não. Discussão: houve maior adesão à notificação de eventos pelos com maior tempo de hospital e com maior tempo naquela terapia intensiva. Não se encontrou correlação do número de notificações relatadas com o tempo de profissão e com a carga horária de trabalho. Conclusão: no que tange à conscientização de incrementar a adesão à notificação de eventos, a análise realizada contribuiu para a melhoria da segurança do paciente.
The non-presence of companions at childbirth: vision of health professionals
Authors: Maziero Carolina Pitta , Zani Adriana Valongo , Bernardy Cátia Campaner Ferrari , Pontes Giovanna Moreira de , Lago Milena Torres Guilhem , Pinto Keli Regiane Tomeleri da Fonseca
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Descrever os motivos alegados pelos profissionais da saúde da não presença do acompanhante no parto. Método: Estudo descritivo, qualitativo, realizado com 29 profissionais de saúde que atuam em um Hospital Universitário, em um município do norte do Paraná. A coleta dos dados foi por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas de maio a julho de 2018. A análise dos dados foi feita pelo Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: A partir da análise dos dados emergiram quatro Idéias Centrais: O acompanhante não é capacitado para ser acompanhante, O ambiente não é adequado, As gestações são de risco, A equipe decide se o acompanhante entra na cesariana. Conclusão: As percepções dos profissionais apontaram questões da incapacidade do acompanhante em ser acompanhante, do hospital não ter infraestrutura adequada para a presença dele, por serem gestações de risco e que em muitas situações pode levar a procedimentos de emergência.
The experience in a neonatal intensive care unit: mothers’ point of view
Authors: Cecagno Diana , Fröhlinch Carla Vanice Cardoso , Cecagno Susana , WeyKamp Juliana Marques , Biana Camilla Benigno , Soares Marilu Correa
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: conhecer a vivência das mães de bebês prematuros durante a hospitalização em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Métodos: estudo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, com puérperas que tiveram seus filhos internados na unidade de terapia neonatal de um Hospital Escola do Sul do Brasil no período da coleta. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise temática. Resultados: A vivência de mães de filhos prematuros hospitalizados e percepções de mães em relação aos cuidados de filhos prematuros na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. As mães compreendem a necessidade de internação, mas esta gera preocupações, dificuldades e sentimentos de choque, medo e desinformação. Conclusão: apesar da necessidade de internação e da fragilidade emocional causada pela separação da mãe-bebê não houve comprometimento no desenvolvimento do vinculo da díade.
Cellulose Nanofibrils Enhanced, Strong, Stretchable, Freezing‐Tolerant Ionic Conductive Organohydrogel for Multi‐Functional Sensors
Authors: Ye Yuhang , Zhang Yifan , Chen Yuan , Han Xiaoshuai , Jiang Feng
Published: July 2020

To date, ionic conducting hydrogel attracts tremendous attention as an alternative to the conventional rigid metallic conductors in fabricating flexible devices, owing to their intrinsic characteristics. However, simultaneous realization of high stiffness, toughness, ionic conductivity, and freezing tolerance through a simple approach is still a challenge. Here, a novel highly stretchable (up to 660%), strong (up to 2.1 MPa), tough (5.25 MJ m−3), and transparent (up to 90%) ionic conductive (3.2 S m−1) organohydrogel is facilely fabricated, through sol–gel transition of polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) in dimethyl sulfoxide‐water solvent system. The ionic conductive organohydrogel presents superior freezing tolerance, remaining flexible and conductive (1.1 S m−1) even at −70 °C, as compared to the other reported anti‐freezing ionic conductive (organo)hydrogel. Notably, this material design demonstrates synergistic effect of CNFs in boosting both mechanical properties and ionic conductivity, tackling a long‐standing dilemma among strength, toughness, and ionic conductivity for the ionic conducting hydrogel. In addition, the organohydrogel displays high sensitivity toward both tensile and compressive deformation and based on which multi‐functional sensors are assembled to detect human body movement with high sensitivity, stability, and durability. This novel organohydrogel is envisioned to function as a versatile platform for multi‐functional sensors in the future.
Fabrication of Ordered Macro‐Microporous Single‐Crystalline MOF and Its Derivative Carbon Material for Supercapacitor
Authors: Li Qian , Dai Zhaowei , Wu Jiabin , Liu Wei , Di Tuo , Jiang Rui , Zheng Xue , Wang Weizhe , Ji Xinxin , Li Pan , Xu Zheheng , Qu Xiaopeng , Xu Zhimou , Zhou Jun
Published: July 2020

Because of their good performance in diffusion‐limited processes, ordered macro‐microporous single‐crystalline metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have potential for use in various fields. However, there are still very few reports of the synthesis of such MOFs. A general synthesis methodology for ordered macro‐microporous single‐crystalline MOFs is highly desired. Here, a novel strategy is reported for synthesizing single‐crystalline ordered macro‐microporous MOFs by monodentate‐ligand‐induced in situ crystallization within a 3D ordered hard template in a double‐solvent system. A space‐confined growth model is proposed to clarify the shaping effect of the template; the role of the monodentate ligand is also analyzed. Moreover, a carbon material derived from the macro‐microporous MOF inherits the ordered interconnected macroporous structure. The improved diffusion and lower resistance, as well as the structural robustness, endow the derivative carbon material with superior rate performance and excellent cycling stability when prepared as electrodes for a supercapacitor. It is anticipated that the method will provide new paths to the synthesis of such macro‐microporous materials for applications in energy‐related fields and beyond.
Local Food Market Orientation and Labor Intensity
Authors: Jablonski Becca B.R. , Bauman Allison , Thilmany Dawn
Published: July 2020

This research uses descriptive analysis to provide a preliminary examination of the role of human capital in farms and ranches that sell through local food markets. We first provide an in‐depth review of previous research investigating the role of human capital in local food markets. Then, we use U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Resource Management Survey data to provide national descriptive statistics to investigate if the repositioning of food and agricultural supply chains towards more localized markets affects the role of human capital in the business model (in terms of the share of business activities spent on human capital), and secondly the returns to human capital (in terms of wages). Given the place‐based nature of these strategies, we also investigate how these human capital investments vary across the rural urban continuum. We find that local food producers devote a larger share of total variable expenses to labor, and have significantly higher average estimated wages; this is especially true for operations with intermediated‐only or intermediated and direct sales, as opposed to direct‐only sales. We also find that wages are higher for local food producers in more urban locations.
Integration of modern computational chemistry and ASPEN PLUS for chemical process design
Authors: Tsai Chang‐Che , Lin Shiang‐Tai
Published: July 2020

Thermodynamic properties and fluid phase equilibria are crucial for the design and development of a chemical process. However, such data may not always be available, particularly for fine or specialty chemicals. In this work, we evaluate the reliability of using modern computational chemistry combined with recently developed predictive thermodynamic models to provide all the thermodynamic properties required in process design with ASPEN PLUS. Specifically, the G3 method is used for the ideal gas heat capacities and properties of formation, and the PR+COSMOSAC equation of state and COSMO‐SAC activity coefficient model are utilized for the properties and phase behaviors of pure and mixture fluids. These methods are chosen because they do not require any species‐dependent parameters and can, in principle, be applied to any chemical species. For a set of 972 chemicals, it is found that most properties can be predicted with a satisfactory accuracy (less than 10%: critical temperature [5%], critical pressure [10%], critical volume [5%], constant pressure ideal gas heat capacity [5%], and heat of vaporization [10%], except for the acentric factor [33%] and vapor pressure [73%]). Furthermore, the predicted results show little bias suggesting that these theoretically based methods are reliable for new chemicals for which experimental data are not yet available. Our analyses show that better accuracy in the prediction of vapor pressure and formation enthalpy and free energy is necessary for the design of chemical processes without relying on any experimental input. Nonetheless, these methods often provide reliable relative property values (e.g., relative value of normal boiling temperature can be predicted with 94% accuracy), making it possible to screen for new chemicals for improving existing processes.
Prediction of the level of consciousness using pupillometer measurements in patients with impaired consciousness brought to the emergency and critical care center
Authors: Minami Yosuke , Mishima Shiro , Oda Jun
Published: July 2020

Aim

We investigated whether the level of consciousness can be predicted using pupillometer measurements in patients with severe disturbance of consciousness.

Methods

Patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 3–8, except for those after cardiac arrest, were included. Pupillary contraction rate and contraction velocity were each measured using a pupillometer.

Results

Thirty‐five patients were analyzed. At the time of discharge or changing hospitals, 16 patients had a GCS score of 3–13 and 19 patients had a GCS score of 14–15. In the non‐sedative group at about the time of arrival at our hospital, average pupillary contraction rates were 18.36% in the GCS 3–13 group and 19.67% in the GCS 14–15 group (P = 0.739), and average pupillary contraction velocities were 1.02 and 1.48, respectively (P = 0.182). Approximately 48 h after arrival, average pupillary contraction rates were 21.18% and 29.27%, respectively (P = 0.058), and average pupillary contraction velocities were 1.37 and 1.91, respectively (P = 0.172). Among the sedative group, at about the time of arrival, average pupillary contraction rates were 8.75% in the GCS 3–13 group and 19.75% in the GCS 14–15 group (P = 0.032). Average pupillary contraction velocities were 0.34 and 1.48, respectively (P = 0.001). Approximately 48 h after arrival, average pupillary contraction rates were 13.50% and 13.50%, respectively (P = 1.00), and average pupillary contraction velocities were 0.80 and 0.82, respectively (P = 0.93).

Conclusions

Pupillometer measurements could predict level of consciousness of patients with severe consciousness disorder.
Magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles grafted by DOPO and its flame retardancy in ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymers
Authors: Liu Tingting , Wang Feng , Li Gen , Liu Peng , Gao Chong , Ding Yanfen , Zhang Shimin , Kong Xiangrong , Yang Mingshu
Published: July 2020

Magnesium hydroxide (MH) nanoparticles have been considered as an excellent nonhalogen flame‐retardant. However, the drawbacks of easy aggregation and relatively low flame retardancy limit their applications in polymer materials. In this research, MH nanoparticles were successfully grafted by 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) through the bridge of vinyl silane coupling agents (WD70). The grafted MH nanoparticles (MH‐WD70‐DOPO) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra. MH‐WD70‐DOPO nanoparticles were incorporated into ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) matrix by melt blending method. The results indicated that MH‐WD70‐DOPO nanoparticles were much homogenously dispersed in EVA matrix than unmodified MH particles. EVA/MH‐WD70‐DOPO nanocomposites with 51.32 wt% loading showed higher flame retardancy, better mechanical and processing properties compared with EVA/MH‐WD70 sample. These findings could provide a novel method to enhance the flame‐retardant efficiency of inorganic hydroxide flame retardants, while keeping good mechanical and processing properties of polymer materials.
3D‐printing of highly translucent ORMOCER®‐based resin using light absorber for high dimensional accuracy
Authors: Kolb Carina , Lindemann Nils , Wolter Herbert , Sextl Gerhard
Published: July 2020

Additive manufacturing, more specifically digital light processing as a form of vat photopolymerization, has attracted great interest and plays an important role in many different applications. However, it becomes complicated when complex parts with overhangs and/or pores are printed, especially if the part has to be transparent. The aim of this study is to improve the dimensional accuracy in z‐direction of highly translucent 3D‐printed parts. Therefore, ORMOCER® resin‐based materials containing different light absorbers are developed to control the penetration depth of incident light and thereby increase the resolution in z‐direction. Penetration tests are conducted and show that, in the presence of light absorbers, the curing depth can be adjusted while maintaining a high translucency of the printed part. Furthermore, a model part is developed to quantify the overpolymerization in z‐direction and the influence of the absorber. Additionally, properties that are important for future applications, for example in the dental sector, such as mechanical properties and biocompatibility, are investigated yielding promising results. Finally, a complex filigree 3D‐grid structure is fabricated applying the resin‐based absorber material.
Investigation of juvenile angelshark (Squatina squatina) habitat in the Canary Islands with recommended measures for protection and management
Authors: Jiménez‐Alvarado David , Meyers Eva K. M. , Caro Maria B. , Sealey Michael J. , Barker Joanna
Published: July 2020

The identification and effective protection of nursery areas is critical for elasmobranch conservation. Research on the angelshark (Squatina squatina) is in its infancy, and is particularly challenging during the early life stages, in part because of their rarity, but also because of their camouflage and cryptic behaviour.

Focused research on the identification and protection of juvenile angelshark habitat in their stronghold of the Canary Islands has been identified as a priority action to help safeguard the future of this species.

This study combines citizen‐science data, satellite imagery, and focused snorkel surveys to complete a first evaluation of juvenile angelshark habitat in the region, upon which further research can be built.

One confirmed nursery area, 13 potential nursery areas, and 21 beaches needing further study were identified in this study, based on the existing nursery area criteria.

The results were used to develop eight key recommendations on how local and national governments can better protect juvenile angelsharks in the Canary Islands.

Further research is urgently needed to confirm whether other beaches in the archipelago meet the nursery area criteria.
Enhancing local support for tidal energy projects in developing countries: Case study inFlores Timur Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Ramachandran Rohit , Takagi Ken , Matsuda Hirotaka
Published: July 2020

Tidal energy is a new renewable energy source that can be used to provide electricity to remote islands, while contributing to climate change mitigation. Like all renewable energy projects, public awareness and support are not only crucial for the successful development of marine renewable energy projects too, but also aid the private sector project developers in making long‐term plans. As information about tidal energy is not easily available, public views toward it are not well known, making it challenging for the project developers to strategize implementation strategies. Moreover, the limited studies focusing on such social aspects of tidal energy come from advanced countries, highlighting the lack of focus on cases from developing countries. Our study fulfills this gap by providing a case study focusing on the social aspects of tidal energy in a developing country, which can be utilized by developers for designing their public engagement strategies. We estimate the public support for tidal energy in eastern Indonesia using two methods: (a) stages of development and (b) information provision. Using the first method, we found that support for tidal energy is lower in the initial stages, but it keeps rising once the public can realize the benefits. The second method shows that though people tend to support tidal energy, the role of information provision is dissimilar compared with western cases. Additionally, Probit modeling shows thatAge,Education,Collective Outcome Favorability, and especially,Individual Outcome Favorabilityare the key factors that positively impact the support for tidal energy in eastern Indonesia.
Consider conflict between masks, disability rights law
Authors: Masinter Michael R.
Published: July 2020

As schools resume on‐campus instruction, many may require students, faculty, and staff to wear masks or face coverings in public areas, classrooms, and residence halls to help limit the spread of COVID‐19. Inevitably, some students will object to wearing a mask on disability‐related grounds, whether because of respiratory impairments or other physical or psychological impairments. Other students with hearing impairments who rely on lip‐reading or interpreters may object to instructors and interpreters wearing masks that conceal their mouths. Schools must decide how to respond and, as of press time, will have to do so without specific guidance from the Department of Justice or the Office for Civil Rights. Should schools exempt students with disabilities from mask requirements, obtain clear masks for instructors regardless of cost or availability, and/or remove students who refuse to wear masks?
Lipophilic Metabolites of Spartina maritima and Puccinellia maritima Involved in Their Tolerance to Salty Environments
Authors: Faustino Maria V. , Faustino Maria A. F. , Silva Helena , Silva Artur M. S. , Pinto Diana C. G. A.
Published: July 2020

Spartina maritima and Puccinellia maritima are two fascinating but underexplored halophytic species, and herein, the chemical profile of their hexane extracts is described. Terpenoids and sterols were the most abundant chemical groups in both species. The second dominant class was alcohols and the third esters of fatty acids. The chemical lipophilic profile of both S. maritima and P. maritima is herein reported for the first time. Through the accomplished data, it is possible to conclude that these species are rich in essential compounds that can be relevant to endorse their use as nutraceuticals. Furthermore, through a principal component analysis, a clear differentiation between the taxa was achieved, which indicates that their response to salinity stress is different. That fact was confirmed by the pathway enrichment analysis, which showed that the induced changes in metabolic pathways vary in each species.
Stereoselective Chromium‐Catalyzed Semi‐Hydrogenation of Alkynes
Authors: Gregori Bernhard J. , Nowakowski Michal , Schoch Anke , Pöllath Simon , Zweck Josef , Bauer Matthias , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel
Published: July 2020

Chromium complexes have found very little applications as hydrogenation catalysts. Here, we report a Cr‐catalyzed semi‐hydrogenation of internal alkynes to the corresponding Z‐alkenes with good stereocontrol (up to 99/1 for dialkyl alkynes). The catalyst comprises the commercial reagents chromium(III) acetylacetonate, Cr(acac)3, and diisobutylaluminium hydride, DIBAL−H, in THF. The semi‐hydrogenation operates at mild conditions (1‐5 bar H2, 30 °C).
Degradation of Eosin Y in Water by Corona Treatment with a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma
Authors: Abd El-Gelil Gehad M. , Mansour Moustapha S. , Ebrahiem Ebrahiem Esmail , EL-Shazly Ahmed H. , Abou-Gabal Hanaa
Published: July 2020

Corona treatment of Eosin Y‐contaminated water by using a dielectric material that covers the ground electrode to avoid spark discharge (causing erosion), reduce charge leakage, and improve the electric field (as stored electrons and charges) was investigated. Elimination of the organic pollutant by gas‐phase discharge above the liquid surface in a point‐to‐plate configuration with multiple needle electrodes was studied. Eosin Y was chosen as model contaminant because of its toxicity and structure that is hard to degrade. Variables such as solution conductivity, dye concentration, pH, air gap, number of needles, and electrode materials were considered. The degree of removal increases with increasing acidity, decreasing concentration, and increasing number of pins.
3D CFD Simulation of Reaction Cells, Cooling Cells, and Manifolds of a Flatbed Reactor for CO2 Methanation
Authors: Ghaib Karim
Published: July 2020

The methanation of CO2 has attracted great interest in recent years as a technology to generate renewable synthetic natural gas and to recycle CO2 from different sectors. The actual development state of a flatbed reactor for the methanation of pure stoichiometric feed gas is presented. Additionally, computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐based design strategies are introduced which can be applied for the development and optimization of different processing units. The results of the reactor development demonstrate a good heat exchange and flow distribution in the reactor.
Synthesis, Mechanism, and Performance Assessment of Zero‐Valent Iron for Metal‐Contaminated Water Remediation: A Review
Authors: Ullah Sana , Faiz Palwasha , Leng Siwen
Published: July 2020

Recently, increased industrial and agriculture activities have resulted in toxic metal ions, which has increased public concern about the quality of surface and groundwater. Various types of physical, biological, and chemical approaches have been developed to remove surface and groundwater metal ions contaminants. Among these practices, zero‐valent iron (ZVI) is the most studied reactive material for environmental clean‐up over the last two decade and so. Although ZVI can remove the contaminants even more efficiently than any other reactive materials. However, low reactivity due to its intrinsic passive layer, narrow working pH, and the loss of hydraulic conductivity due to the precipitation of metal hydroxides and metal carbonates limits its wide‐scale application. The aim of this work is to document properties, synthesis, and reaction mechanism of ZVI for the treatment of metal ions from the surface and groundwater in recent 10 years (2008–2018). So far, different modified techniques such as conjugation with support, bimetal alloying, weak magnetic field, and ZVI/oxidant coupling system have been developed to facilitate the use of ZVI in various environmental remediation scenarios. However, some challenges still remain to be addressed. Therefore, development and research in this field are needed to overcome or mitigate these limitations.
Identification and Genotyping of Transposable Element Insertions From Genome Sequencing Data
Authors: Chu Chong , Zhao Boxun , Park Peter J. , Lee Eunjung Alice
Published: July 2020

Transposable element (TE) mobilization is a significant source of genomic variation and has been associated with various human diseases. The exponential growth of population‐scale whole‐genome sequencing and rapid innovations in long‐read sequencing technologies provide unprecedented opportunities to study TE insertions and their functional impact in human health and disease. Identifying TE insertions, however, is challenging due to the repetitive nature of the TE sequences. Here, we review computational approaches to detecting and genotyping TE insertions using short‐ and long‐read sequencing and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Ex Vivo Whole Nerve Electrophysiology Setup, Action Potential Recording, and Data Analyses in a Rodent Model
Authors: Sun Sharon , Delgado Jorge , Behzadian Negin , Yeomans David , Anderson Thomas Anthony
Published: July 2020

Ex vivo rodent whole nerves provide a model for assessing the effects of interventions on nerve impulse transmission and consequent sensory and/or motor function. Nerve impulse transmission can be measured through sciatic nerve compound action potential (CAP) recordings. However, de novo development and implementation of an ex vivo whole nerve resection protocol and an electrophysiology setup that retains nerve viability, that produces low noise CAP signals, and that allows for data analysis is challenging. Additionally, some of the existing literature lacks detail and accuracy and may be out of date. This article describes detailed protocols for rodent ex vivo sciatic nerve dissection and handling; importance of an optimal physiologic solution; computer‐aided designs for 3D printing of readily adaptable ex vivo rodent whole nerve electrophysiology chambers; construction of low‐cost, effective suction electrodes; setup and use of nerve stimulators and amplifiers; acquisition of low noise, small voltage CAP data and digital conversion; use of software for data analyses of CAP components; and tips for troubleshooting. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Electrophysiology wiring and hardware setup

Support Protocol 1: 3D printing an electrophysiology chamber

Support Protocol 2: Building suction electrodes

Basic Protocol 2: Sciatic nerve dissection and compound action potential recording

Basic Protocol 3: Data export and analysis

Support Protocol 3: Preparation of HEPES‐buffered physiologic solution
Oxygen Vacancy‐rich Ni/NiO@NC Nanosheets with Schottky Heterointerface for Efficient Urea Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Ji Xinyang , Zhang Yongxia , Ma Zhuo , Qiu Yunfeng
Published: July 2020

H2 production via electrocatalytic water splitting is greatly hindered by the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The urea oxidation reaction (UOR) draws specific attention not only because of its lower theoretical voltage of 0.37 V compared with OER (1.23 V), but also for treating sewage water. Herein, Ni/NiO nanosheets with an ultrathin N‐doped C layer containing a Schottky Ni and NiO heterointerface is constructed. Because of the self‐driven charge redistribution at the heterointerface, janus charge domains are successfully created to drive the cleavage of urea molecules. Meanwhile, the synergistic effect between N‐doped C and Ni/NiO restrains the deactivation of active sites in alkaline solution. The catalyst displays 1.35 V for UOR at 10 mA/cm2, 0.27 V lower than that of OER. The final potential increase is only 2 mV after long‐term stability test of 12 h for UOR, much smaller than the uncoated sample (38 mV). The present work shows that C‐coated transition metal nanomaterials with oxygen vacancies and a Schottky heterointerface are promising candidates for simultaneously boosting UOR with both high activity and long‐term stability.
Synergistic Effect of Pendant N Moieties for Proton Shuttling in the Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid Catalyzed by Biomimetic IrIII Complexes
Authors: Wang Wan‐Hui , Wang Hong , Yang Yajing , Lai Xiaoling , Li Yang , Wang Jiasheng , Himeda Yuichiro , Bao Ming
Published: July 2020

Formic acid (FA) is among the most promising hydrogen storage materials. The development of efficient catalysts for the dehydrogenation of FA via molecular‐level control and precise tuning remains challenging. A series of biomimetic Ir complexes was developed for the efficient dehydrogenation of FA in an aqueous solution without base addition. A high turnover frequency of 46510 h−1 was achieved at 90 °C in 1 m FA solution with complex 1 bearing pendant pyridine. Experimental and mechanistic studies revealed that the integrated pendant pyridine and pyrazole moieties of complex 1 could act as proton relay and facilitate proton shuttling in the outer coordination sphere. This study provides a new strategy to control proton transfer accurately and a new principle for the design of efficient catalysts for FA dehydrogenation.
Recent Advances in the Catalytic Depolymerization of Lignin towards Phenolic Chemicals: A Review
Authors: Liu Xudong , Bouxin Florent P. , Fan Jiajun , Budarin Vitaliy L. , Hu Changwei , Clark James H.
Published: July 2020

The efficient valorization of lignin could dictate the success of the 2nd generation biorefinery. Lignin, accounting for on average a third of the lignocellulosic biomass, is the most promising candidate for sustainable production of value‐added phenolics. However, the structural alteration induced during lignin isolation is often depleting its potential for value‐added chemicals. Recently, catalytic reductive depolymerization of lignin has appeared to be a promising and effective method for its valorization to obtain phenolic monomers. The present study systematically summarizes the far‐reaching and state‐of‐the‐art lignin valorization strategies during different stages, including conventional catalytic depolymerization of technical lignin, emerging reductive catalytic fractionation of protolignin, stabilization strategies to inhibit the undesired condensation reactions, and further catalytic upgrading of lignin‐derived monomers. Finally, the potential challenges for the future researches on the efficient valorization of lignin and possible solutions are proposed.
Hybridization of Fossil‐ and CO2‐Based Routes for Ethylene Production using Renewable Energy
Authors: Ioannou Iasonas , D'Angelo Sebastiano C. , Martín Antonio J. , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier , Guillén‐Gosálbez Gonzalo
Published: July 2020

Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) has recently gained broad interest in the chemical industry. Direct electro‐ and thermocatalytic technologies are currently the focus of intense research, where the former employs electricity directly to reduce the CO2 molecule, while the latter comprises hydrogenation of CO2 in tandem with electrocatalytic water splitting. So far, it remains unclear which of the two is superior, yet this information is considered critical. Focusing on the platform chemical ethylene, the two CCU routes were compared using state‐of‐the‐art performances with the fossil technology considering different power and CO2 sources. The thermo‐route was found to be, at present, economically and environmentally better, yet under the same electrolyzer efficiencies, the electro‐route would become superior. CCU routes could substantially improve the carbon footprint of the fossil ethylene (by 236 %) while decreasing at the same time impacts on human health, ecosystem quality, and resources (64, 140, and 80 %, respectively). However, they are economically unattractive even when considering externalities (indirect cost of environmental impacts), that is, 1.7‐ to 3.9‐fold more expensive compared to the current fossil‐based analogue. Acknowledging this limitation, the concept of hybridization was applied as a means to smooth the transition towards more sustainable chemicals. Accordingly, it was found that an optimal hybrid plant could produce carbon‐neutral (cradle‐to‐gate) ethylene with a premium of only 30 % over the current market prices by judiciously combining CCU routes with fossil technologies.