bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells infusion in therapy refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients
Authors: Swart Joost F , de Roock Sytze , Nievelstein Rutger A J , Slaper-Cortenbach Ineke C M , Boelens Jaap J , Wulffraat Nico M
Published: March 2019

Objectives

To compare the total number of adverse events (AEs) before and after mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) infusion in refractory JIA and to evaluate its effectiveness.

Methods

Single-centre Proof of Mechanism Phase Ib, open label intervention study in JIA patients previously failing all biologicals registered for their diagnosis. Six patients received 2 million/kg intravenous infusions of allogeneic bone-marrow derived MSC. In case of ACR-Ped30-response but subsequent loss of response one and maximal two repeated infusions are allowed.

Results

Six JIA patients with 9.2 years median disease duration, still active arthritis and damage were included. All had failed methotrexate, corticosteroids and median five different biologicals. MSC were administered twice in three patients. No acute infusion reactions were observed and a lower post-treatment than pre-treatment incidence in AEs was found. The one systemic onset JIA (sJIA) patient had again an evolving macrophage activation syndrome, 9 weeks after tocilizumab discontinuation and 7 weeks post-MSC infusion. Statistically significant decreases were found 8 weeks after one MSC infusion in VAS well-being (75–56), the JADAS-71 (24.5–11.0) and the cJADAS10 (18.0–10.6).

Conclusion

MSC infusions in six refractory JIA patients were safe, although in sJIA stopping the ‘failing’ biologic treatment carries a risk of a MAS flare, as the drug might still suppress the systemic features.

Trial registration

Trial register.nl, http://https://www.trialregister.nl, NTR4146.
Extracranial abscopal effect induced by combining immunotherapy with brain radiotherapy in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Lin Xinqing , Lu Tingting , Xie Zhanhong , Qin Yinyin , Liu Ming , Xie Xiaohong , Li Shiyue , Zhou Chengzhi
Published: March 2019

An extracranial abscopal effect induced by brain radiotherapy is particularly unusual because of the brain's distinctive immune microenvironment. We report a case of an extracranial abscopal effect in a 71‐year‐old male patient with lung adenocarcinoma treated with atezolizumab and later combined with brain radiation for brain metastasis. The subsequent abscopal effect first manifested as pseudoprogression of the primary lesion in the lung before remission was confirmed. This case suggests that immunotherapy increases the chance of an abscopal effect occurring after radiation therapy for brain metastases in patients with primary tumors with low immunogenicity.
A longitudinal workforce analysis of a Rural Clinical Placement Program for final year dental students
Authors: Johnson G , Byun R , Foster K , Wright FAC , Blinkhorn A
Published: March 2019

Background

There is little longitudinal evaluation of rural dental education outreach programs. This longitudinal research investigates the influence of a Rural Clinical Placement Program (RCPP) on workforce outcomes in terms of practice locations for five graduate years from the University of Sydney.

Methods

Work locations for the graduates from 2009–2013 were identified in 2015 and 2017 by rurality, using faculty contact lists, phone calls and online methods. A total of 397 graduate locations were identified out of 404 (98.2%) (267 RCPP participants and 137 non‐RCPP participants). Semi‐structured questionnaires were used to report on demographic and characteristic data. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were utilised to explore associations.

Results

Rural Clinical Placement Program participation in 2015 was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of working rurally (PR = 2.16), and almost two times the likelihood of rural retention in the period from 2015 to 2017 (PR = 1.93). In the multivariate analyses, both rural experience prior to the RCPP and pre‐placement rural intentions were significant independent predictors of an increased likelihood for rural employment and rural retention.

Conclusions

Participation in the RCPP was associated with increased rural employment and retention. Prior rural experience and pre‐placement rural intentions were identified as significant independent predictors of rural employment.
Biparametric vs multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of prostate cancer in treatment‐naïve patients: a diagnostic test accuracy systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Alabousi Mostafa , Salameh Jean‐Paul , Gusenbauer Kaela , Samoilov Lucy , Jafri Ali , Yu Hang , Alabousi Abdullah
Published: March 2019

Objective

To perform a diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) systematic review and meta‐analysis comparing multiparametric (diffusion‐weighted imaging [DWI], T2‐weighted imaging [T2WI], and dynamic contrast‐enhanced [DCE] imaging) magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and biparametric (DWI and T2WI) MRI (bpMRI) in detecting prostate cancer in treatment‐naïve patients.

Methods

The Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) were searched to identify relevant studies published after 1 January 2012. Articles underwent title, abstract, and full‐text screening. Inclusion criteria consisted of patients with suspected prostate cancer, bpMRI and/or mpMRI as the index test(s), histopathology as the reference standard, and a DTA outcome measure. Methodological and DTA data were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS)‐2 tool. DTA metrics were pooled using bivariate random‐effects meta‐analysis. Subgroup analysis was conducted to assess for heterogeneity.

Results

From an initial 3502 studies, 31 studies reporting on 9480 patients (4296 with prostate cancer) met the inclusion criteria for the meta‐analysis; 25 studies reported on mpMRI (7000 patients, 2954 with prostate cancer) and 12 studies reported on bpMRI DTA (2716 patients, 1477 with prostate cancer). Pooled summary statistics demonstrated no significant difference for sensitivity (mpMRI: 86%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 81–90; bpMRI: 90%, 95% CI 83–94) or specificity (mpMRI: 73%, 95% CI 64–81; bpMRI: 70%, 95% CI 42–83). The summary receiver operating characteristic curves were comparable for mpMRI (0.87) and bpMRI (0.90).

Conclusions

No significant difference in DTA was found between mpMRI and bpMRI in diagnosing prostate cancer in treatment‐naïve patients. Study heterogeneity warrants cautious interpretation of the results. With replication of our findings in dedicated validation studies, bpMRI may serve as a faster, cheaper, gadolinium‐free alternative to mpMRI.
Concordance of breast fine needle aspiration cytology interpretation with subsequent surgical pathology: An 18‐year review from a single sub‐Saharan African institution
Authors: McHugh Kelsey E. , Bird Peter , Sturgis Charles D.
Published: March 2019

Introduction

There are many merits to fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in evaluation of palpable breast lesions. We set out to determine the concordance of breast FNAC interpretation with subsequent surgical pathology in the resource‐limited healthcare setting of rural Kenya.

Methods

African Inland Church Kijabe Hospital electronic pathology files were retrospectively reviewed from 1/1999‐9/2017. All breast FNAC cases and subsequent surgical pathology specimens were identified. FNAC interpretations were categorised according to the International Academy of Cytology Yokohama codes: insufficient; benign; atypical favour benign; suspicious favour malignant; and malignant. Surgical pathology results were categorised as benign or malignant.

Results

In total, 695 breast FNACs were identified. A total of 219 (31.5%) had subsequent surgical pathology. Average patient age was 39 years (range 13‐88); 95% were female. Nearly all (98%) lesions were palpable. FNAC interpretive categorisation was as follows: 20 (9%) insufficient, 103 (47%) benign, 16 (7%) atypical, 24 (11%) suspicious and 56 (26%) malignant. On histopathology, there were 141 (64%) benign cases and 78 (36%) malignancies (Table 1). The sensitivity of FNAC for detecting malignancy was 85%; specificity was 75%. Positive and negative predictive values were 69% and 88%. Diagnostic concordance between FNAC and histopathology was 79%. For definitively diagnostic FNAC categories, diagnostic concordance was 89%. On histopathology, malignant diagnoses were given in 0 insufficient, 12 (12%) benign, 4 (25%) atypical, 11 (46%) suspicious and 51 (91%) malignant cases. There were five false‐positive cytopathology interpretations and 12 false‐negatives.

Conclusions

FNAC remains a valuable tool in evaluation of palpable breast lesions in resource‐limited healthcare settings.
Domain switching and polarization fatigue in rhombohedral PIN‐PMN‐PT and Mn‐doped PIN‐PMN‐PT single crystals
Authors: Zhou Yaming , Li Qiang , Zhuo Fangping , Xu Chao , Yan Qingfeng , Zhang Yiling , Chu Xiangcheng
Published: March 2019

Domain switching process under alternating electric field was investigated by in situ polarized light microscopy in [001]‐oriented Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3‐Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 (PIN‐PMN‐PT) and Mn‐doped PIN‐PMN‐PT single crystals. Only one‐step 71° switching was confirmed in pure and Mn‐doped PIN‐PMN‐PT crystals by the formed domain walls, whose projections on the (001) plane are along 45° or 135° with respect to [010] direction. Moreover, polarization and strain loops during cyclic electric field were studied in depth as a function of switching cycles. Polarization fatigue appeared obviously above 1000 bipolar cycles in PIN‐PMN‐PT samples, while Mn‐doped PIN‐PMN‐PT samples exhibited almost fatigue‐free characteristics. By considering the thermodynamic theory, the improved fatigue resistance in Mn‐doped PIN‐PMN‐PT crystals stems from the enhanced energy barrier of domain switching. Mn modification does not affect the domain switching paths, but it can enhance the energy barrier of domain switching, leading to the improved fatigue behaviors. Our results provide a useful insight into the underlying mechanisms between the domain switching process and polarization fatigue for applying high‐performance relaxor‐ferroelectric single crystals.
Angiotensin II‐induced redox‐sensitive SGLT1 and 2 expression promotes high glucose‐induced endothelial cell senescence
Authors: Khemais‐Benkhiat Sonia , Belcastro Eugenia , Idris‐Khodja Noureddine , Park Sin‐Hee , Amoura Lamia , Abbas Malak , Auger Cyril , Kessler Laurence , Mayoux Eric , Toti Florence , Schini‐Kerth Valérie B.
Published: March 2019

High glucose (HG)‐induced endothelial senescence and dysfunction contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk in diabetes. Empagliflozin, a selective sodium glucose co‐transporter2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, reduced the risk of cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic patients but the protective mechanism remains unclear. This study examines the role of SGLT2 in HG‐induced endothelial senescence and dysfunction. Porcine coronary artery cultured endothelial cells (ECs) or segments were exposed to HG (25 mmol/L) before determination of senescence‐associated beta‐galactosidase activity, protein level by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining, mRNA by RT‐PCR, nitric oxide (NO) by electron paramagnetic resonance, oxidative stress using dihydroethidium and glucose uptake using 2‐NBD‐glucose. HG increased ECs senescence markers and oxidative stress, down‐regulated eNOS expression and NO formation, and induced the expression of VCAM‐1, tissue factor, and the local angiotensin system, all these effects were prevented by empagliflozin. Empagliflozin and LX‐4211 (dual SGLT1/2 inhibitor) reduced glucose uptake stimulated by HG and H2O2 in ECs. HG increased SGLT1 and 2 protein levels in cultured ECs and native endothelium. Inhibition of the angiotensin system prevented HG‐induced ECs senescence and SGLT1 and 2 expression. Thus, HG‐induced ECs ageing is driven by the local angiotensin system via the redox‐sensitive up‐regulation of SGLT1 and 2, and, in turn, enhanced glucotoxicity.
The Society for Pediatric Anesthesia recommendations for the use of opioids in children during the perioperative period
Authors: Cravero Joseph P. , Agarwal Rita , Berde Charles , Birmingham Patrick , Coté Charles J. , Galinkin Jeffrey , Isaac Lisa , Kost‐Byerly Sabine , Krodel David , Maxwell Lynne , Voepel‐Lewis Terri , Sethna Navil , Wilder Robert
Published: March 2019

Opioids have long held a prominent role in the management of perioperative pain in adults and children. Published reports concerning the appropriate, and inappropriate, use of these medications in pediatric patients have appeared in various publications over the last 50 years. For this document, the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia appointed a taskforce to evaluate the available literature and formulate recommendations with respect to the most salient aspects of perioperative opioid administration in children. The recommendations are graded based on the strength of the available evidence, with consensus of the experts applied for those issues where evidence is not available. The goal of the recommendations was to address the most important issues concerning opioid administration to children after surgery, including appropriate assessment of pain, monitoring of patients on opioid therapy, opioid dosing considerations, side effects of opioid treatment, strategies for opioid delivery, and assessment of analgesic efficacy. Regular updates are planned with a re‐release of guidelines every 2 years.
miR‐378a Modulates Macrophage Phagocytosis and Differentiation through Targeting CD47‐SIRPα Axis in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Chen Wenna , Li Ximing , Wang Junyan , Song Nan , Zhu Aisong , Jia Lianqun
Published: March 2019

Background

Signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPa) is an essential signalling molecule that modulates inflammatory responses in macrophages. However, the regulation of SIRPs and its dynamic changes in macrophages under inflammatory stimulation in atherosclerosis remain uncertain.

Objective

The study aimed to identify the miRNAs that regulate SIRPa transcription and their roles in modulating phagocytosis, differentiation and cholesterol efflux in macrophages.

Methods

ApoE knockout mice were fed with a high‐fat diet for 12 weeks. Intimal lesion areas and lipid accumulation were assessed by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and oil red O staining. The expression of mRNAs/miRNAs was assessed by RNA‐seq (RNA sequencing) and RT‐qPCR (real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction). The identification of miR‐378a associated with SIRPa regulation in macrophages induced by ox‐LDL was confirmed by RT‐qPCR and Western blot. The phagocytosis and differentiation of macrophages were detected to figure out the role of miR‐378a and SIRPa.

Results

SIRPa was proved to be a target of miR‐378a. Reduced miR‐378a can promote the expression of SIRPa. RNA‐seq data showed that the levels of mRNA associated with macrophage phenotypes and SIRPa‐CD47 axis were increasing significantly with a decreasing phagocytic phenotype in ApoE−/− mice vs wild‐type (WT) mice (P < 0.01). The level of miR‐378a was reduced in the aorta of ApoE−/− mice vs WT mice. The experiment in vitro showed that overexpression of miR‐378a in macrophages decreased the level of Sirpa mRNA obviously vs control (P < 0.01). The phagocytic activity of miR‐378a–transfected macrophages was promoted vs control (P < 0.05). miR‐378a significantly depleted Sirpa levels in oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)‐stimulated macrophages (P < 0.05), and depletion of miR‐378a reversed Sirpa reduction obviously (P < 0.05). miR‐378a promoted the secretion of TNF‐a and IL‐6 indirectly.

Conclusion

It has been demonstrated that miR‐378a regulates SIRPa‐mediated phagocytosis and polarization of macrophages by a direct or indirect way. This research may provide a new path to promote reverse cholesterol transport of macrophages and hinder the progress of atherosclerosis.
Efficacy of different temperate pasture species to reduce nitrogen leaching from cattle urine applied in different seasons: A soil lysimeter study
Authors: Welten Brendon G. , Ledgard Stewart F. , Judge Amanda A. , Sprosen Mike S. , McGowan Alec W. , Dexter Moira M.
Published: March 2019

A soil lysimeter field study assessed the efficacy of different pasture species to reduce nitrogen (N) leaching loss from cow urine deposited in different seasons. A single application of cow urine (15N‐labelled; equivalent to 622 kg N ha−1) was applied in three different seasons (summer, autumn or winter) to three pasture species monocultures (perennial ryegrass, plantain or lucerne) on a free‐draining volcanic soil and monitored over 362 days. Leachate analyses revealed consistently large leaching losses of inorganic‐N from lucerne (>200 kg N ha−1) across different urine application times due to the relatively low plant growth rates during winter (<15 kg DM ha−1 day−1) that led to low total recovery of urine‐N by lucerne plants (<20% of the applied urine‐15N). Conversely, plant uptake of the urine‐N was higher by plantain (ranging from 30% to 45% of that applied) driven by moderately higher winter plant growth rates (30 to 60 kg DM ha−1 day−1). Plantain exhibited large seasonal variation in its efficacy to reduce urine‐N leaching relative to ryegrass (ranging from 15% to 50% reduction for summer or winter urine applications, respectively) with an overall reduction of 39% in the total amount of inorganic‐N leached across the three seasons (53 vs. 87 kg N ha−1 leached relative to ryegrass). This study has demonstrated the potential benefit of using plantain to reduce N leaching losses from urine deposited in the summer to winter grazing period. However, further research is required to quantify the effects of plantain on annual N leaching losses from grazed pastoral systems.
Microwave Tomography System for Methodical Testing of Human Brain Stroke Detection Approaches
Authors: Merunka Ilja , Massa Andrea , Vrba David , Fiser Ondrej , Salucci Marco , Vrba Jan
Published: March 2019

In this work, a prototype of a laboratory microwave imaging system suitable to methodically test the ability to image, detect, and classify human brain strokes using microwave technology is presented. It consists of an antenna array holder equipped with ten newly developed slot bowtie antennas, a 2.5 D reconfigurable and replaceable human head phantom, stroke phantoms, and related measuring technology and software. This prototype was designed to allow measurement of a complete S-matrix of the antenna array. The reconfigurable and replaceable phantom has currently 23 different predefined positions for stroke phantom placement. This setting allows repeated measurements for the stroke phantoms of different types, sizes/shapes, and at different positions. It is therefore suitable for large-scale measurements with high variability of measured data for stroke detection and classification based on machine learning methods. In order to verify the functionality of the measuring system, S-parameters were measured for a hemorrhagic phantom sequentially placed on 23 different positions and distributions of dielectric parameters were reconstructed using the Gauss-Newton iterative reconstruction algorithm. The results correlate well with the actual position of the stroke phantom and its type.
Impact of Coronary Artery Disease and Diabetes Mellitus on the Long-Term Follow-Up in Patients after Retrograde Recanalization of the Femoropopliteal Arterial Region
Authors: Wojtasik-Bakalarz Joanna , Ruzsa Zoltan , Rakowski Tomasz , Nyerges Andreas , Bartuś Krzysztof , Stanek Agata , Dudek Dariusz , Surdacki Andrzej , Kleczyński Paweł , Bartuś Stanisław
Published: March 2019

The most relevant comorbidities in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) are coronary artery disease (CAD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). However, data of long-term follow-up of patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO) are scarce. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of CAD and DM on long-term follow-up patients after superficial femoral artery (SFA) CTO retrograde recanalization. In this study, eighty-six patients with PAD with diagnosed CTO in the femoropopliteal region and at least one unsuccessful attempt of antegrade recanalization were enrolled in 2 clinical centers. Mean time of follow-up in all patients was 47.5 months (±40 months). Patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence of CAD (CAD group: n=45 vs. non-CAD group: n=41) and DM (DM group: n=50 vs. non-DM group: n=36). In long-term follow-up, major adverse peripheral events (MAPE) occurred in 66.6% of patients with CAD vs. 36.5% of patients without CAD and in 50% of patients with DM vs. 55% of non-DM subjects. There were no statistical differences in peripheral endpoints in both groups. However, there was a statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality: in the DM group, there were 6 deaths (12%) (P value = 0.038). To conclude, patients after retrograde recanalization, with coexisting CTO and DM, are at higher risk of death in long-term follow-up.
Distal Femoral Replacement Following an Intraoperative Periprosthetic Fracture in a Patient with Prior Bone Mulch ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Gemayel Anthony , Yousif Matthew J. , Padget William , Finch Joseph
Published: March 2019

Periprosthetic distal femur fractures can be treated nonoperatively, with open reduction and internal fixation or with more constrained prostheses. Distal femoral replacement is typically a last resort treatment option for comminuted periprosthetic or osteoporotic distal femoral fractures in patients with poor bone stock or resistant nonunions. We report the case of a 54-year-old female with a remote history of bone mulch ACL reconstruction who sustained an intraoperative comminuted bicondylar distal femur fracture during a primary total knee arthroplasty. This patient was treated with a distal femoral replacement and successfully returned to her preoperative function.
Contribution of Infrapatellar Fat Pad and Synovial Membrane to Knee Osteoarthritis Pain
Authors: Belluzzi Elisa , Stocco Elena , Pozzuoli Assunta , Granzotto Marnie , Porzionato Andrea , Vettor Roberto , De Caro Raffaele , Ruggieri Pietro , Ramonda Roberta , Rossato Marco , Favero Marta , Macchi Veronica
Published: March 2019

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of joint disease and a major cause of pain and disability in the adult population. Interestingly, there are patients with symptomatic OA displaying pain, while patients with asymptomatic OA that do not experience pain but show radiographic signs of joint damage. Pain is a complex experience integrating sensory, affective, and cognitive processes related to several peripheral and central nociceptive factors besides inflammation. During the last years, the role of infrapatellar fat pad (IFP), other than the synovial membrane, has been investigated as a potential source of pain in OA. Interestingly, new findings suggest that IFP and synovial membrane might act as a functional unit in OA pathogenesis and pain. The present review discuss the role of IFP and synovial membrane in the development of OA, with a particular focus on pain onset and the possible involved mediators that may play a role in OA pathology and pain mechanisms. Inflammation of IFP and synovial membrane may drive peripheral and central sensitization in KOA. Since sensitization is associated with pain severity in knee OA and may potentially contribute to the transition from acute to chronic, persistent pain in knee OA, preventing sensitization would be a potentially effective and novel means of preventing worsening of pain in knee OA.
Large Eddy Simulation of Premixed Stratified Swirling Flame Using the Finite Rate Chemistry Approach
Authors: Xiao Yinli , Lai Zhengxin , Song Wenyan
Published: March 2019

Large eddy simulations of a stratified swirling flow of a Cambridge swirl burner for both nonreacting and reacting cases are conducted using a finite rate chemistry approach represented by a partially stirred reactor model. The large eddy simulation predictions are compared with experimental measurements for velocity, temperature, and concentrations of major species. The agreement is found in overall trend of velocity prediction, but temperature and concentration of major species show slight discrepancies in the central region. Two reduced chemical mechanisms are examined in the present paper with the objective of assessing their capabilities in predicting swirling flame characteristics, and the distinct difference using two mechanisms is found in CO distribution profiles, which is considered the consequence of different kinetics of CO-CO2 equilibrium. Flow structures are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed with numerical results. Large-scale vortex structures and precession motions are observed in both nonreacting and reacting cases. Frequency of vortex shedding is identified from the point data of instantaneous velocity in the discharging stream-induced shear layer. On this basis, the intensity and frequency of precession motion are shown to be enhanced in the presence of combustion. Large-scale wrinkling of the flame surface is resolved and characterized in the flame zone, and the effect of mixture stratification is then further discussed.
Risk Factors for Predicting Lymph Nodes Posterior to Right Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (LN-prRLN) Metastasis in Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Cunfu , Xiang Jun , Wang Yunjun
Published: March 2019

Objective. To evaluate the risk factors for predicting lymph nodes (LN) posterior to right recurrent laryngeal nerve metastasis in thyroid papillary carcinoma. Methods. PubMed, PMC, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for articles published spanning 30/06/2009-30/8/2018 using multiple search terms. Thirteen articles involving 10,014 patients were reviewed in our meta-analysis. Stata 15.1 software was used for the meta-analysis. Results. The rate of LN posterior to right recurrent laryngeal nerve (LN-prRLN) metastasis was 8.65%. Univariate analysis showed that age (P=0.001), gender (P<0.001), tumour size (P<0.001), lateral LN metastasis (P<0.001), extrathyroidal invasion (P<0.001), multifocality (P=0.005), capsule invasion (P<0.001), tumour location (P=0.076), lymph nodes anterior to right recurrent laryngeal nerve (LN-arRLN) metastasis (P<0.001), and central LN metastasis (P<0.001) were significantly associated with the increased incidence of LN-prRLN metastasis in thyroid papillary carcinoma. Conclusion. PTC patients aged <45, male, and with tumours>1 cm, lateral LN metastasis, extrathyroidal invasion, multifocality, capsule invasion, LN-arRLN metastasis, or central LN metastasis were significantly correlated with lymph nodes posterior to right recurrent laryngeal nerve metastasis, indicating LN-prRLN dissection.
Physicochemical Contents, Antioxidant Activities, and Acute Toxicity Assessment of Selenium-Enriched Chinese Kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra L.) Seedlings
Authors: Leamsamrong Kwanyuen , Tongjaroenbuangam Walaiporn , Maneetong Sarunya , Chantiratikul Anut , Chinrasri Orawan , Chantiratikul Piyanete
Published: March 2019

The oxidative activities of hydroponically produced Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra L.) seedlings grown under different concentrations of selenium (Se) biofortification with sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 30 mg·Se/L and different ages (5, 10, and 15 days after germination) were determined by the electron transfer method (DPPH and FTC). Highest antioxidant activities of Se-enriched Chinese kale seedlings (Se-KS) were found in seedlings grown on 30 mg·Se/L, 15 days after germination. The physicochemical contents (moisture, crude fibre, ash, crude protein, and carbohydrate), total Se contents, and Se bioaccessibility and antioxidant activities (after treatment with an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion process) between Se-KS and a control of regular Chinese kale seedlings (R-KS) were compared. The crude protein and total Se contents of the air-dried matter in Se-KS were higher (37 ± 1% and 433 ± 22 mg·Se/kg) than those of the R-KS (33 ± 2% and 17 ± 3 mg·Se/kg). Total Se content and antioxidant activities were strongly correlated in the range from 0.93 to 0.99. Testing acute toxicity, a single dose of the Se-KS was orally administrated to rats at 1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg·b.w., which consisted of 0.54, 1.08, and 2.16 mg Se/kg·b.w., respectively. These results demonstrated that Se-KS did not create any toxicological signs and mortality. No abnormal pathological changes in the liver, kidney, and heart were found. The results suggested that the Se-KS could be a good source of organo Se for development as a new Se supplementary product.
Jejunal Ulcer Caused by Schistosoma japonicum
Authors: Rivadeneira Daniela Jaqueline , Luo Hesheng
Published: March 2019

Intestinal schistosomiasis can be caused by the trematodes Schistosoma japonicum that mainly exists in East Asia or the S. mansoni in Africa and South America. The adult worms of S. japonicum live in the mesenteric veins and excrete eggs that circulate to the liver and colon; the eggs migrate through the intestinal wall and pass out with the stool. Here, we report a case of jejunal ulcer caused by the infection of Schistosoma japonicum. A 63-year-old woman from Wuhan, China, was admitted with left quadrant abdominal pain and weight loss for more than 6 months. The patient’s computerized tomography reported cirrhotic liver changes, jejunal wall edema, and narrowed lumen; the upper enteroscopy corroborated these findings with the presence of several jejunal ulcers and edema. The pathology report showed chronic inflammation with ulcerative changes and S. japonicum eggs deposition. Schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases that affect the poorest. Although a great improvement has been made to control it, there is a lot of work that remains to be fulfilled.
Dlaczego tłumaczom języka migowego łatwiej tłumaczy się z języka A na język B?
Authors: Kalata-Zawłocka Aleksandra
Published: March 2019

Why Is It Easier for Sign Language Interpreters to Interpret From Their Language A to B?Contrary to a view that is widely held among spoken language interpreters, according to which interpreting should be performed into one’s native language, sign language interpreters prefer to interpret from spoken language to sign language, that is from their A language to their B language. This article explores origins of this phenomenon. It discusses three groups of factors due to which interpreting into sign language is likely to be perceived as easier than into spoken language.
Jakość w tłumaczeniach tekstów prawa
Authors: Sobieszewska Marta
Published: March 2019

Quality in Translation of Law TextsThe term “quality” presents a wide field of interpretation with fairly fluid boundaries, usually in terms of good or bad quality, depending on whether or not the item possesses the attributes that allow us to meet our expectations and needs, or not. Quality becomes equivalent to a sense of satisfaction or lack of it and results from the subjective perceptions of individuals. It remains recognizable but elusive and objectively difficult to define. Conversely, the quality of translations is determined by numerous technical norms (standards), whose development has become one of the main topics of translational research. Acceptable quality of translation is usually determined by the criteria related to the degree of accuracy of the translation, the compatibility between the versions (precision) and the overall comprehensibility of the text (style). Unfortunately, as indicated by practice, subjectivism still has a significant impact on the quality of translation. Quality seems to be determined by a sense of satisfaction or lack of it.
Effect of Chronic Adenotonsillitis on Learning Achievement and Sleep Quality in Students of SD Negeri 1 and SD Negeri 5 Ubung, Denpasar
Authors: Gede Arta Eka Putra I. Dewa , Muliarta I. Made , P. Simbolon Richard
Published: March 2019

Chronic adenotonsillitis is a chronic inflammation of the adenoid and tonsils, which is characterized by tonsillar enlargement accompanied by dilated crypts with or without exudate. The most common cause of breathing disorders during sleep in children is adenoid hypertrophy or chronic adenotonsillitis. Breathing disorders during sleep in children will cause lack of concentration during learning which in turn affects the learning process and results. This research is an analytic observational study using cross-sectional design. Subjects in this study were 4th, 5th and 6th grade elementary school students as many as 324 consisting of 118 students with chronic adenotonsillitis and 206 controls. The samples done the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) questionnaire and collected student report card data for the last semester and the previous 1 year (2 semester). Based on the comparison of student report card in chronic adenotonsillitis patients, 1 year (2 semesters) before with the latest report card obtained a decrease with a difference of -0.8 which statistically significant with a significance value of p=0.000 (p<0.05). From the PDSS score of students with chronic adenotonsillitis, the results were 16.8 where this score was worse compared to control which was 10.8 which means that there is a statistically significant difference with value of p=0.000 (p<0.05). Based on the effect of chronic adenotonsillitis status on the difference in student report card, a pure influence was obtained by calculating the variables of age, sex and body mass index which is -2.007 while the increase in PDSS score was 5.903 which means that there is a statistically significant effect on the value p=0,000 (p<0,05). Chronic adenotonsillitis affects the decrease in learning achievement of elementary school student as seen from the decrease in report card and also affects the decrease in sleep quality seen from an increase in PDSS score.
Physiological and Molecular Assessment of Sesbania Root Nodules Bacteria from Different Iraqi Areas for Salt Tolerance
Authors: Hameed Rana A.
Published: March 2019

Thirty two isolates of aerobic gram-negative bacteria associated with Sesbania sesban grown in different saline Iraqi soils was identified according to morphological and physiological characteristics, cultured on yeast-mannitol agar medium (YEMA) supplemented with different NaCl concentrations. It was indicated that 53.12% of isolates were highly tolerant to salinity, tolerated from 4.0 to 5.0 w/v NaCl. All thirty two Rhizobia isolates performed positive strong reaction to Catalase enzyme except for three were negative to this enzyme. Concerning exo-polysaccharide (EPS) production the isolates displayed a significant difference between them and that salt tolerance isolates gave a high amount of EPS production in compare to the sensitive ones. As for antibiotic sensitivity of Sesbania isolates data revealed that 83% of isolates were highly resistant to Ampicilin at 50 µgml-1, the cluster analysis based on all phenotypical and physiological characters divided the isolates into two major groups, the first group included one isolate Ses10, which was salt moderate tolerant. The second group included the rest of isolates which splits into two subgroups with 6% similarity, the first subgroup comprised all sensitive isolates plus one salt moderate tolerant isolate (Ses9).The assumption that district environmental conditions plays a vital role on field survival of bacteria, give rise to the use of PCR methods to identify Rhizobia. In this study the genetic divergence of fast nodulating bacteria connected with Sesbania in Iraq was examined. A selection of Rhizobia isolates were characterized by RAPD –PCR. Amplification of genomic DNA using three random primers (RAPD) gave various bands, the results revealed that most efficient and highest discrimintory power primer was 35.4% and 37% respectively for primer OPA-10. The cluster analysis based on RAPD-PCR amplification results showed two divergent groups with 15% similarity, the first group included two salt sensitive Ses17 and Ses28, and the second major group comprised all salt moderate and tolerant isolates.
Life Impact of Developmental Coordination Disorder: Qualitative Analysis of Patient and Therapist Experiences
Authors: Sankar U. Ganapathy , Monisha R.
Published: March 2019

DCD are one of the more commonly occurring forms of Developmental disorder managed by therapists and their teams worldwide. The impacts of this disorder are not restricted to limitation in activity of daily living and participation in sports and academic activities with peer groups, but may also result in long term physical co morbidities, psychological, and social consequences. There is currently no gold standard assessment tool in the identification of DCD; however specific patient-reported outcome measures DCDQ remains in practice. This analysis aimed to develop a conceptual framework of life impacts of developmental coordination disorder from the experiences of caregivers and parents who have DCD Children as well as the health professionals who treat them. A qualitative investigation was done using semi-structured interviews with people (n=12) who had handling children with DCD (Caregivers/patients) and Therapists (n=6) who treat children with DCD. Interviews with caregivers were recorder and 1 therapist has been individually allotted for transcribing each phrase and codes them. The recorded and coded phrases were finally grouped in categories. Experience of health professionals ranged from 1 year to 15 years working with people with DCD. Health professionals included a pediatrician (1), physiotherapists (2), psychiatrist (1) and an occupational therapist (1). The conceptual framework derived from interview data included five themes (Physical, Occupational, Psychological, Daily Living, and Social). Therapist responses did not reveal any additional items, but majority of responses focus on physical and occupational therapy scope. The nature of life impact following DCD affects many areas of life. The findings from this research have provided an empirically derived conceptual framework from which a gold standard outcome measure can be designed for a geographic location.
Functional outcome of implant removal following fracture fixation below the level of the knee
Authors: Sanders F. R. K. , Backes M. , Dingemans S. A. , Hoogendoorn J. M. , Schep N. W. L. , Vermeulen J. , Goslings J. C. , Schepers T.
Published: March 2019

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome in patients undergoing implant removal (IR) after fracture fixation below the level of the knee.

Patients and Methods

All adult patients (18 to 75 years) undergoing IR after fracture fixation below the level of the knee between November 2014 and September 2016 were included as part of the WIFI (Wound Infections Following Implant Removal Below the Knee) trial, performed in 17 teaching hospitals and two university hospitals in The Netherlands. In this multicentre prospective cohort, the primary outcome was the difference in functional status before and after IR, measured by the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), with a minimal clinically important difference of nine points.

Results

A total of 179 patients were included with a median age of 50 years (interquartile range (IQR) 37 to 60), of whom 71 patients (39.7%) were male. With a median score of 60 before IR (IQR 45 to 72) and 66 after IR (IQR 51 to 76) on the LEFS, there was a statistically significant improvement in functional outcome (p < 0 .001). A total of 31 surgical site infections (17.3%) occurred.

Conclusion

Although IR led to a statistically significant improvement of functional outcome, the minimal clinically important difference was not reached. In conclusion, this study shows that IR does not result in a clinically relevant improvement in functional outcome. These results, in combination with the high complication rate, highlight the importance of carefully reviewing the indication for IR. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:447–453.
Does component placement affect short-term clinical outcome in robotic-arm assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty?
Authors: Zambianchi F. , Franceschi G. , Rivi E. , Banchelli F. , Marcovigi A. , Nardacchione R. , Ensini A. , Catani F.
Published: March 2019

Aims

The purpose of this multicentre observational study was to investigate the association between intraoperative component positioning and soft-tissue balancing on short-term clinical outcomes in patients undergoing robotic-arm assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA).

Patients and Methods

Between 2013 and 2016, 363 patients (395 knees) underwent robotic-arm assisted UKAs at two centres. Pre- and postoperatively, patients were administered Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Score (KOOS) and Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12). Results were stratified as “good” and “bad” if KOOS/FJS-12 were more than or equal to 80. Intraoperative, post-implantation robotic data relative to CT-based components placement were collected and classified. Postoperative complications were recorded.

Results

Following exclusions and losses to follow-up, 334 medial robotic-arm assisted UKAs were assessed at a mean follow-up of 30.0 months (8.0 to 54.9). None of the measured parameters were associated with overall KOOS outcome. Correlations were described between specific KOOS subscales and intraoperative, post-implantation robotic data, and between FJS-12 and femoral component sagittal alignment. Three UKAs were revised, resulting in 99.0% survival at two years (95% confidence interval (CI) 97.9 to 100.0).

Conclusion

Although little correlation was found between intraoperative robotic data and overall clinical outcome, surgeons should consider information regarding 3D component placement and soft-tissue balancing to improve patient satisfaction. Reproducible and precise placement of components has been confirmed as essential for satisfactory clinical outcome. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:435–442.
Single-stage treatment of chronically infected total hip arthroplasty with cementless reconstruction
Authors: Ji B. , Wahafu T. , Li G. , Zhang X. , Wang Y. , Momin M. , Cao L.
Published: March 2019

Aims

Single-stage revision is not widely pursued due to restrictive inclusion criteria. In this study, we evaluated the results of single-stage revision of chronically infected total hip arthroplasty (THA) using broad inclusion criteria and cementless implants.

Patients and Methods

Between 2010 and 2016, 126 patients underwent routine single-stage revision with cementless reconstruction with powdered vancomycin or imipenem poured into the medullary cavity and re-implantation of cementless components. For patients with a culture-negative hip, fungal infections, and multidrug-resistant organisms, a direct intra-articular infusion of pathogen-sensitive antibiotics was performed postoperatively. Recurrence of infection and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Three patients died and 12 patients (none with known recurrent infection) were lost to follow-up. There were 111 remaining patients (60 male, 51 female) with a mean age of 58.7 (sd 12.7; 20 to 79).

Results

Of these 111 patients, 99 (89.2%) were free of infection at a mean follow-up time of 58 months (24 to 107). A recurrent infection was observed in four of the 23 patients (17.4%) with culture-negative infected hip. The success rate in patients with multidrug-resistant organisms was 84.2% (16/19). The mean postoperative Harris hip score was 79.6 points (63 to 92) at the most recent assessment.

Conclusion

Routine single-stage revision with cementless reconstruction can be a viable option for the treatment of chronically infected THA. The results of this study will add to the growing body of evidence supporting routine use of single-stage revision for the treatment of chronically infected THA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:396–402.
Complications, reoperations, readmissions, and length of hospital stay in 34 639 surgical cases of lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Fjeld O. R. , Grøvle L. , Helgeland J. , Småstuen M. C. , Solberg T. K. , Zwart J-A. , Grotle M.
Published: March 2019

Aims

The aims of this study were to determine the rates of surgical complications, reoperations, and readmissions following herniated lumbar disc surgery, and to investigate the impact of sociodemographic factors and comorbidity on the rate of such unfavourable events.

Patients and Methods

This was a longitudinal observation study. Data from herniated lumbar disc operations were retrieved from a large medical database using a combination of procedure and diagnosis codes from all public hospitals in Norway from 1999 to 2013. The impact of age, gender, geographical affiliation, education, civil status, income, and comorbidity on unfavourable events were analyzed by logistic regression.

Results

Of 34 639 operations, 2.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.6 to 2.9) had a surgical complication, 2.1% (95% CI 2.0 to 2.3) had repeat surgery within 90 days, 2.4% (95% CI 2.2 to 2.5) had a non-surgical readmission within 90 days, and 6.7% (95% CI 6.4 to 6.9) experienced at least one of these unfavourable events. Unfavourable events were found to be associated with advanced age and comorbidity.

Conclusion

The results suggest that surgical complications are less frequent than previously suggested. There are limited associations between sociodemographic patient characteristics and unfavourable events. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:470–477.
Outcome of a hemispherical porous-coated acetabular component with a proximally hydroxyapatite-coated anatomical femoral component
Authors: García-Rey E. , Carbonell-Escobar R. , Cordero-Ampuero J. , García-Cimbrelo E.
Published: March 2019

Aims

We previously reported the long-term results of the cementless Duraloc-Profile total hip arthroplasty (THA) system in a 12- to 15-year follow-up study. In this paper, we provide an update on the clinical and radiological results of a previously reported cohort of patients at 23 to 26 years´ follow-up.

Patients and Methods

Of the 99 original patients (111 hips), 73 patients (82 hips) with a mean age of 56.8 years (21 to 70) were available for clinical and radiological study at a minimum follow-up of 23 years. There were 40 female patients (44 hips) and 33 male patients (38 hips).

Results

All acetabular and femoral components were well fixed and showed signs of bone ingrowth. Nine acetabular components were revised due to wear-osteolysis-related problems and four due to late dislocation. The probability of not having component revision at 25 years was 83.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 74.5 to 91.8; number at risk 41). Acetabular osteolysis was observed in ten hips. The mean femoral head penetration was 1.52 mm (sd 0.8) at 15 years and 1.92 mm (sd 1.2) at 25 years. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that mean femoral penetration with a value of 0.11 mm/year or more was associated with the appearance of osteolysis. The 25-year Kaplan–Meier survival with different endpoints was 89.9% for acetabular osteolysis (95% CI 83.3 to 96.5), 92.1% for proximal femoral osteolysis (95% CI 86.1 to 98.2), and 75.5% for femoral osteopenia (95% CI 66.5 to 84.5).

Conclusion

The Duraloc-Profile THA system showed excellent long-term bone fixation. Nevertheless, monitoring is recommended in order to detect wear and late dislocations in this population that was relatively young at the time of surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:378–385.