bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Discrete-Ordinates Solution for the Strong Evaporation Problem in Rarefied Gas Dynamics
Authors: Scherer C. S.
Published: June 2021

In this work we solve the nonlinear strong evaporation problem in rarefied gas dynamics. The analysis is based on the BGK model, with three dimensional velocity vector, derived from the Boltzmann equation. We present the complete development of a closed form solution for evaluating density, velocity, temperature perturbations and the heat flux of a gas. Numerical results are presented and discussed.
Seasonal Treatment of an Infectious Disease is a Social Driver of Sustained Oscillations in the Disease incidence
Authors: Osuna O. , Villavicencio Pulido J. G.
Published: June 2021

We analyze a seasonal $SIR$ model that assumes a periodic treatment rate. Using the Leray-Schauder degree theory, we prove that model shows periodic solutions. This result shows that sustained oscillations in the incidence of the disease are related to the periodic application of a treatment against the disease. So, we can say that the periodic application of treatment can be considered a seasonal driver of the sustained oscillations.
At the Interface of Marine Disciplines: Use of Autonomous Seafloor Equipment for Studies of Biofouling Below the Shallow-Water Zone
Authors:   P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Chava Alexandra , Gebruk Anna , Kolbasova Glafira , Krylov Artem , Tanurkov Alexei , Gorbuskin Andrei , Konovalova Olga , Migali Dragosh , Ermilova Yulia , Shabalin Nikolay , Chava Vladimir , Semiletov Igor , Mokievsky Vadim
Published: June 2021

Biofouling of artificial substrates is a well-known phenomenon that can negatively impact offshore industry operations as well as data collection in the ocean. Fouling communities worldwide have mostly been studied within the top 50 m of the ocean surface, while biofouling below this depth remains largely underreported. Existing methods used to study biofouling are labor intensive and expensive when applied to the deep sea. Here, we propose a simple and cost-effective modification of traditional methods for studying biofouling by mounting test plates on autonomous seafloor equipment and preserving them in ethanol upon retrieval for transport to the laboratory. This method can greatly advance our understanding of biofouling processes in the deeper ocean, including fouling community biodiversity, recruitment, and seasonality. We present two case studies from the Laptev Sea and the Sea of Okhotsk in support of this method. In the first study, we looked at fouling communities on the surfaces of ocean-bottom seismometers deployed for one year in the 36–350 m depth range. In the second study, we tested metal and plexiglass (poly(methyl methacrylate) plates mounted on autonomous bottom stations and found evidence of both micro- and macrofouling after three months of deployment. Our results demonstrate that various autonomous seafloor equipment can be used as supporting platforms for biofouling studies.
Dowsing for Bone
Authors: Easter Michael , Christensen Angi , Miller Michelle
Published: June 2021

Locating clandestine graves is often a significant challenge for law enforcement and other investigators. A number of search techniques can be employed including visual assessments, canines, geophysical techniques, and imaging, often depending on the location/terrain, case information, and available resources. Dowsing is believed by some to be a reliable method for locating underground items of interest including water, oil, ore, and even graves; others, however, consider the practice to be controversial or even pseudoscience. Here we assess the ability of dowsing rods (wielded by previously inexperienced dowsers) to locate buried bones using a controlled blind test. Assemblages of bones were buried in three of nine holes. A control group of participants was asked to identify which holes they believed to contain bones by visual inspection, and a test group was asked to identify which holes they believed to contain bones using dowsing rods. Results indicate that neither method had a significant relationship with the true location of the bones (Matthew’s Correlation Coefficient –0.19 for the control group and 0.00 for the test group), and that there was no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.36). In this study, dowsing was not found to be a reliable method of detecting buried bones. Some practitioners continue to advocate dowsing or other scientifically questionable search methods, even charging investigators or families substantial fees for these services. It is therefore important that such techniques are well-understood and rigorously tested, and that investigators seek and employ methods that are appropriate and valid.
Desenvolvimento de um Sistema Computacional Embarcado para Monitoramento de CO2 in Situ
Authors: Rodrigues Caio Castro , Pantoja William De Brito , Chase Otavio André , Beirão Antônio Thiago Madeira , Almeida José Felipe De , Silva Katiane Pereira da
Published: June 2021

Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento de um sistema capaz de medir CO2 de forma autônoma in situ, baseado no uso da plataforma NodeMCU e do sensor MH-z19. Um App em tecnologia Blynk foi desenvolvido para exibir os dados de concentrações de CO2 em ppm com pontos de coletas georreferenciados, essas informações foram guardadas em um digital cloud. Foi realizado um experimento para determinar a concentração de CO2 em ruas movimentadas de Belém – PA, os resultados apresentaram a Av. Almirante Barroso como a via com maiores níveis de dióxido de carbono.
Interpolação espacial de variáveis ambientais e aerossóis na região da Bacia Amazônica próxima a Manaus-AM
Authors: Miyaji Renato O. , Bauer Lucas O. , Ferrari Victor M. , Almeida Felipe V. de , Corrêa Pedro L. P. , Rizzo Luciana V.
Published: June 2021

Localizada na floresta amazônica, a cidade de Manaus é considerada um laboratório ideal para o estudo dos efeitos da ação antrópica no clima e nos ecossistemas terrestres em uma floresta tropical. O projeto GOAmazon 2014/15 coletou dados atmosféricos de poluentes e variáveis meteorológicas na região. Neste projeto, buscou-se realizar a coleta e o tratamento dos dados, comparando métodos de interpolação espacial, como linear, por splines e nearest neighbor, e selecionando o com o melhor desempenho para estabelecer um mapeamento das variáveis na região vento abaixo da cidade de Manaus e agregar conhecimentos sobre pluma de Manaus e seus impactos no ambiente, que possibilitarão o desenvolvimento de novos experimentos.
Avaliação de Desempenho de Modelos Deep Learning para Deteção de Intrusão em Dispositvos IoT
Authors: Carvalho Valdir , Queiroz Ewerton , Mendonça Júlio , Callou Gustavo , Andrade Ermeson
Published: June 2021

Com o alto crescimento do número de dispositivos conectados à Internet das Coisas (IoT), a segurança digital tornou-se um dos principais pontos a serem tratados. Muitos desses dispositivos utilizam tecnologias defasadas, as quais criam vulnerabilidades que podem ser exploradas por criminosos. Novas técnicas de segurança surgem através da utilização de modelos de Inteligência Artificial para melhorar antigas implementações, por exemplo, os sistemas de detecção de intrusão baseados em Deep Learning para identificar ataques cibernéticos. No entanto, os trabalhos existentes não avaliam os impactos desses sistemas no desempenho de ambientes com restrições computacionais, tais como os dispositivos de IoT. Assim, este trabalho objetiva avaliar o desempenho de dois modelos de detecção de intrusão baseados em Deep Learning desenvolvidos para ambientes de IoT. Os resultados revelam que diferentes modelos têm diferentes impactos no desempenho dos dispositivos de IoT. Adicionalmente, o modelo que recebe um maior volume de ataques, e possui maior precisão, consome mais recursos, o que pode ser bastante problemático para os ambientes de IoT.
Redes de sensores IoT em edifícios inteligentes: uma avaliação de desempenho usando modelos de filas
Authors: Santos Brena , Silva Francisco Airton , Soares André
Published: June 2021

Os edifícios das grandes cidades estão cada vez mais inteligentes com a adoção de dispositivos de IoT. Os sensores e atuadores IoT devem ser eficientes pois o mau funcionamento pode causar danos patrimoniais e talvez perda de vidas. Para avaliar o desempenho de sistemas de monitoramento de edifícios, alguns estudos usaram modelos analíticos. No entanto, alguns pontos ainda não foram explorados na literatura, tais como a análise da capacidade de recursos computacionais adequados à demanda de dados, representação do número de núcleos por máquina e o agrupamento de sensores por localização. Este trabalho propõe um modelo de filas para avaliar o desempenho de uma infraestrutura de edifício inteligente com suporte de múltiplas camadas de processamento.
Análise de desempenho em serviços gratuitos na nuvem utilizando os provedores AWS e GCP
Authors: Wiechork Karina , Silva Darlan Eziquiel Felisberto da , Antoni Marco
Published: June 2021

A computação em nuvem proporciona serviços sob demanda e pagamento de acordo com o uso. Analisar o desempenho desses provedores é um indicador importante que deve ser investigado antes de destinar a migração de um sistema para um ambiente em nuvem. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar e apresentar o desempenho de IaaS, FaaS e PaaS, utilizando a opção gratuita, nos provedores de nuvem AWS e GCP. Com base nas configurações testadas, os resultados mostram que o provedor da Amazon teve um desempenho melhor em comparação com o Google.
Sea State Characterization Using Experimental One-Dimensional Radar Signatures and Fractal Techniques
Authors: Pouraimis Georgios , Kotopoulis Apostolos , Massinas Basil , Frangos Panayiotis
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a novel method of sea state characterization by using four criteria, which are applied to normalized experimental Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) one–dimensional signatures (range profiles), provided to our research group by SET 215 Working Group on “SAR radar techniques”. These criteria are the “Fractal Dimension”, “Fractal Length”, “Variance σ2”, and “Power Spectrum Density - Least Squares”. The “Fractal Dimension” and “Fractal Length” criteria, which appear to be the most important out of the four criteria, use the “blanket” technique to provide sea state characterization from SAR radar range profiles. It is based on the calculation of the area of a “blanket”, corresponding to the range profile under examination, and then on the calculation of the corresponding “Fractal Dimension” and “Fractal Length” of the range profile. The main idea concerning this proposed technique is the fact that normalized SAR radar range profiles, corresponding to different sea states, produce different values of “Fractal Dimension” and “Fractal Length” for all angles of incidence examined here. As a result, a sea state characterization technique for two different sea states (turbulent and calm sea) is presented in this paper.
A Case Study of Direct Current Resistivity Method for Disaster Water Source Detection in Coal Mining
Authors: Wang Yangzhou , Yu Jingcun , Feng Xihui , Ma Li , Gao Qianhui , Su Benyu , Xing Xiuju
Published: June 2021

Disaster water sources in underground coal seam always danger mining safety. The current electromagnetic methods are not effective to detect the disaster water sources in the underground due to noise interference generated by large metal equipment. To address this problem, the direct current resistivity method is proposed to detect the disaster water sources in the underground coal seams. The relationship between the resistivity distribution and water faults was investigated, and we found that a low resistivity distribution indicates a disaster water source. To verify the proposed method, both numerical simulations and field test have been carried out and the analysis results show that the low resistivity distribution can be used to correctly detect the disaster water sources. Most importantly, the proposed method has detected three threats of mine water disaster in the field test in a real coal seam in Lan County coal mine, China. As a result, the present work provides an important and solid support to coal mining safety.
Health Belief Model in Hospitals: Determining the Effective Factors on Influenza Vaccination
Authors: Kouhpayeh Vahid , Raoofi Rahim , Zahedi Razieh , Mosleh Fatemeh , Ebrahimizadeh Forogh , Keshayee Narjes , Mehraban Mahsa , Raghibnejad Maryam , Sharifi Nader
Published: June 2021

: The need for extensive vaccination of health care workers (HCWs) is felt more than ever. The aim of this study was to investigate the determinants of influenza vaccination using HBM in HCWs of Jahrom hospitals. This cross-sectional study was performed by multicenter method on 614 HCWs in Jahrom, southern Iran, in 2020. Data collection tools included Demographic and researcher-made Influenza Vaccination in HCWs Based on HBM Questionnaires whose validity and reliability were measured and evaluated. Analyzes have been performed using SPSS 21. Increasing age (P < 0.001) and perceived barriers (P < 0.001) have increased influenza vaccination, but perceived benefits (P = 0.002), cues to action (P = 0.001), and self-efficacy (P < 0.001) have had a negative impact on influenza vaccination among HCWs. Perceived severity (P = 0.7) was higher in people with a history of influenza vaccination, while such a difference was not observed in perceived susceptibility. Higher mean age, previous vaccination history, and perceived barriers are predictors of influenza vaccine participation behavior.
The Role of Biologics in the Management of Asthma in the Pediatric Patient
Authors: Morris Taylor S. , Autry Elizabeth B. , Kuhn Robert J.
Published: June 2021

The management of pediatric patients with asthma continues to be a major health issue. For many patients, traditional therapies have been very effective, but for a large number of patients asthma remains poorly controlled. This leads to significant morbidity and impairment to quality of life. Recently, several new biologics, as well as new dosage forms of combination inhaled drugs, have been made available for use adding to the armamentarium of therapy for specific asthma phenotypes.

Biologics have shown promise in the more difficult to manage asthma patient. Approved in children, omalizumab, an anti–immunoglobulin E (anti-IgE) antibody, has been available for several years. New agents, like mepolizumab and benralizumab, directed against interleukin (IL) 5, have indications for children >6 and >12 years of age, respectively. Dupilumab, an IL-4– and IL-13–directed antibody, has been studied as well in eosinophilic asthma, with positive results. A thorough understanding of the clinical data of these agents is key, as they may greatly improve the quality of life in children with difficult-to-manage asthma.
A Pilot Evaluation of the Possible Association of Metronidazole With Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Premature Neonates
Authors: Weller Brandi M. , Shaddix Brittany Powers , Oschman Alexandra , Johnson Peter N. , Neely Stephen B. , Chaaban Hala , Williams Patricia K. , Miller Jamie
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

Metronidazole is recommended as a first-line treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates. Metronidazole-associated neurotoxicity has been reported, but long-term neurodevelopmental effects in neonates have not been explored. The primary objective was to evaluate the relationship of cumulative metronidazole dose with each Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) composite score in neonates with NEC. Secondary objectives included comparison of seizure rates, mean Bayley-III scores, and neurodevelopmental impairment defined as 2 of 3 Bayley-III composite scores ≤ 79 or 1 score ≤ 70 between the metronidazole exposed and non-exposed groups

METHODS

This multisite, retrospective cohort study compared infants with a birth weight < 1500 grams between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2016, who developed stage 2 or greater NEC or spontaneous intestinal perforation and were followed up at a developmental clinic visit at approximately 1 year of age. Patients were excluded if admitted >72 hours of life, had congenital neurodevelopmental anomalies, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, grade III or IV intraventricular hemorrhage, or seizures prior to treatment of NEC. Included patients were stratified into 2 groups based on metronidazole exposure versus no metronidazole. Data were assessed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, using SAS 9.4.

RESULTS

Forty-one patients were included. Seven patients received metronidazole and 34 patients were in the non-metronidazole group. The only statistical difference noted between groups was for gestational age, with the non-exposed group being more premature. There was no statistical difference in Bayley-III scores, seizure rates, or neurodevelopmental impairment between groups.

CONCLUSION

No differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes were found between those with and without metronidazole exposure. Further studies are needed to validate our results.
Most Second-Generation Antipsychotic Prescriptions in Community Practice Are Neither FDA-Approved nor Within Prescribing Guideline Recommendations
Authors: Singhal Sorabh , Kloosterman Casey , Billian Joseph , Bailey Teresa , Soares Neelkamal
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

Second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) prescription use has become increasingly prevalent in the pediatric population, despite metabolic adverse effects. A significant number of SGA medications are prescribed for indications that are not approved by the FDA. This study aimed to quantify clinician adherence to the FDA and professional society indication, age, and dosing guidelines when prescribing SGA medications for pediatric patients.

METHODS

We used electronic health record data from 3 health care systems. We analyzed outpatient encounters where a pediatric patient was prescribed an SGA during an 18-month time frame. Clinician prescribing patterns were compared to a therapeutic regimen table created using professional society guidelines and FDA medication labels.

RESULTS

Most of the encounters listed an indication that was not documented as a recommended use (84.3%). Most prescriptions aligned with the generalized dose guidelines (93.8%) and age guidelines (94.9%). Clinicians were more likely to follow indication guidelines when prescribing risperidone, the highest adherence medication, compared with quetiapine, the lowest adherence medication (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1–6.0). Compared with prescriptions for younger children, clinicians were more likely to follow indication guidelines for children aged 13 to 15 years (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.1–7.2) and 16 to 18 years (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.2–8.1).

CONCLUSION

Community clinicians overall demonstrated a low level of adherence to indication guidelines when prescribing SGA medications to pediatric populations, while maintaining higher adherence to age and dosing guidelines. Older children were more likely to receive an SGA prescription for recommended indications compared with younger children.
Comparison of Neonatal Outcomes With and Without Prophylaxis With Indomethacin in Premature Neonates
Authors: Pan Ingrid , Shah Pooja A. , Singh Jaideep , Kelly Kelly Nelson , Bondi Deborah S.
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

Historically, prophylactic indomethacin (pINDO) has been used in some institutions for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in extremely low birthweight neonates while other institutions have used it as prophylaxis for intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of IVH and PDA with or without pINDO in premature neonates.

METHODS

This was a retrospective, single-center study comparing neonatal outcomes in neonates weighing 1250 grams or less who received pINDO (pINDO group) to those who did not (No pINDO group) after our institution discontinued its routine use.

RESULTS

A total of 399 infants were included for analysis (pINDO, n = 141; No pINDO, n = 258). No difference was found between pINDO and No pINDO groups in incidence of any IVH (18% vs 14%, respectively) or severe IVH (7% vs 3%, respectively) when adjusting for gestational age and antenatal corticosteroids. Although the incidence of moderate-to-large PDA was lower in the pINDO group (13% vs 23%, respectively, adjusted p = 0.002), there was no significant difference for PDA requiring surgery (4% vs 3%, respectively). Results demonstrated a higher incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in the pINDO group (55% vs 41%, respectively, adjusted p = 0.014).

CONCLUSION

No difference in the incidence of IVH, severe IVH, or PDA requiring surgery was observed between groups, whereas an increase in BPD was seen with use of pINDO. These data support our institutional practice change to discontinue routine use of pINDO in premature neonates. Further research is needed to guide clinical practice.
Acute Hepatic Dysfunction Related to Chronic Acetaminophen Administration
Authors: Rootring Ellen , Sargel Cheryl L. , Tobias Joseph D.
Published: June 2021

Toxicity related to acetaminophen is most encountered with the acute ingestion of large doses. However, toxicity may also result from chronic ingestion, even when recommended doses are administered over a prolonged period of time. We present the case of a 20-month-old female toddler who received therapeutic recommended doses of acetaminophen (oral or intravenous) following multiple surgical interventions for treatment of a tracheo-esophageal fistula following ingestion of a button battery. The potential role of chronic acetaminophen administration in the etiology of hepatoxicity is discussed and prevention strategies are presented.
Successful Use of Apixaban for Paget-Schroetter Syndrome in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Manis Melanie M. , Cummins Lauren E. , Kyle Jeffrey A. , Taylor Steven M.
Published: June 2021

Paget-Schroetter syndrome (PSS) is a rare syndrome that typically develops in young, healthy males subjected to repetitive overhead motions resulting in compression and thrombosis of the subclavian vein. This “effort thrombosis” typically occurs acutely in patients with specific anatomic variations within the thoracic outlet and is treated by a combination of surgical and pharmacologic interventions. There is a paucity of literature regarding this syndrome, particularly surrounding pharmacotherapy, and in the treatment of pediatric patients. This case report documents the pharmacologic treatment of a 17-year-old, male, baseball player with confirmed PSS. Apixaban was selected as the anticoagulant therapy of choice following the determination of its safety and anticipated efficacy for this pediatric patient. Upon admission, anticoagulation was initiated with intravenous heparin and transitioned to warfarin for 1 dose. On day 2, the patient was discharged with apixaban 10 mg twice daily for 7 days, followed by 5 mg twice daily. One week later, he underwent catheter-directed thrombectomy, followed by thoracic outlet decompression with resection of the first rib. Apixaban therapy was continued for 10 weeks after the procedure to diminish the risk of any further thrombotic events. This pediatric patient with PSS was successfully treated with apixaban in conjunction with surgical management. Treatment with apixaban resulted in continued resolution of thrombus after follow-up, with no complications reported thereafter. Further research is needed to definitively determine the safety and efficacy of apixaban for the use of pediatric anticoagulation, particularly in upper extremity deep vein thrombosis.
Styles of Academic Production in the Argentine Social Sciences
Authors: Piovani Juan Ignacio
Published: June 2021

Argentina is an appealing case for analyzing the social science system. In recent years (until 2015) there has been a robust increase in public funding, giving way to the expansion of research, the recruitment of hundreds of new full-time researchers and the consolidation of scholarships for PhD students. All this, in turn, has resulted in a remarkable increase in publications. Although these processes have occurred in the midst of professionalization (which implies higher levels of adherence to international academic standards), recent studies have shown that two contesting models within the social sciences continue to prevail in Argentina: one that conforms to international standards and practices, and another of a more endogenous nature, with its own logic for knowledge production, evaluation and circulation. In order to examine the impact of international standards in the Argentine social sciences, in this paper I analyze the styles of academic production. This implies the study of three closely related dimensions: research processes and models (theoretical foundations, methods, techniques, etc.); writing formats (structure and organization of academic texts); and publication logics (types of publications, profiles of the journals where the articles are published, etc.). The analysis is based on a large sample of publications selected by other researchers in order to carry out a comprehensive review of Argentine literature with regard to six key themes of the social sciences. These publications were also used to produce a dataset with several variables related to the three above-mentioned dimensions. In particular, this paper focuses on the publications grounded in empirical research, and compares qualitative with quantitative research and the various types of publications (journal articles, book chapters and conference papers). The results show that regardless of the recent process of professionalization, “heterodox models” of academic production are still largely pervasive within the Argentine social sciences.
El litigio clímático ante la responsabilidad intergeneracional
Authors: De Armenteras Cabot Marcos
Published: June 2021

El carácter intergeneracional del litigio climático plantea un interés sobre la protección jurídica de las generaciones futuras. La preocupación intergeneracional no es novedosa en el Derecho, sin embargo, debido al ascendiente número de litigios climáticos presentados por jóvenes en nombre propio y en el de las generaciones futuras para demandar mayor ambición climática han incorporado nuevas formas de observar este fenómeno. En esta contribución se lleva a cabo un estudio sobre sus implicaciones, la relevancia que puede tener el reconocimiento en normas internacionales e internas de los vínculos intergeneracionales, y cómo, a través del litigio climático, es posible vislumbrar nuevas formas de incorporar los vínculos intergeneracionales en la toma de decisiones. En este análisis se estudiarán dos sentencias recientes que pueden iluminar este proceso: (1) Generaciones Futuras c. Ministerio del Ambiente (Colombia) y (2) Neubauer y otros c. Alemania (Alemania).
Nasarre Aznar, Sergio. La gran apuesta. Avaricia. El beneficio sin responsabilidad. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch [Colección Cine y Derecho], 2021.
Authors: Galiana-Saura Ángeles
Published: June 2021

Reseña a: Nasarre Aznar, Sergio. La gran apuesta. Avaricia. El beneficio sin responsabilidad. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch [Colección Cine y Derecho], 2021.
The Protection of Employers’ Interests during the Coronavirus Pandemic. The Case of Poland
Authors:   Kozminski University, Latos-Miłkowska Monika
Published: June 2021

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest krytyczna analiza i próba oceny rozwiązań wprowadzonych do polskiego prawa pracy w celu ochrony interesu pracodawcy w czasie epidemii koronawirusa i wywołanego nią kryzysu ekonomicznego. Analizie poddano rozwiązania wprowadzone przez polskiego ustawodawcę w związku z epidemią koronawirusa w ramach tzw. Tarczy antykryzysowej. Ze względu na krajową specyfikę tych rozwiązań artykuł nie zawiera odwołania do uregulowań obowiązujących w innych krajach. Przeprowadzona analiza wpisuje się jednak w szerszy nurt badań nad rozwiązaniami wprowadzanymi w prawie pracy w związku z epidemią podejmowanych na gruncie ustawodawstw poszcze-gólnych państw europejskich. Autorka prezentuje tezę, że wprowadzone rozwią-zania oceniane łącznie spełniły swój cel - pozwoliły pracodawcom przetrwać pierwsze półrocze stanu epidemii i przyczyniły się do ograniczenia wzrostu bezrobocia. Analiza poszczególnych przyjętych rozwiązań ukazuje jednak ich liczne mankamenty, w tym również dotyczące zgodności z prawem europejskim i Konstytucją RP. Wyniki badań mają charakter oryginalny, mogą być przyczyn-kiem do dalszych, bardziej pogłębionych badań naukowych oraz stanowić punkt odniesienia dla badań o charakterze prawnoporówawczym. Przyjęte wnioski wskazują również kierunki zmiany regulacji.
Podział majątku dorobkowego małżonków w toku procesu o rozwód i po rozwodzie
Authors:   Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego, Romańska Karolina
Published: June 2021

W niniejszym artykule dokonano przedstawienia ogólnej charakterystyki majątku dorobkowego małżonków w prawie rodzinnym, a także możliwych sposobów jego podziału. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono możliwości dokonania podziału na wniosek jednego z małżonków w wyroku rozwodowym. Ponadto przedstawiono wyniki badań własnych aktowych przeprowadzonych w Warszawie w roku aka-demickim 2016/2017 dotyczących spraw, w których sąd orzekł o podziale majątku dorobkowego w wyroku rozwodowym oraz po rozwodzie. Finalnie w artykule zawarto także wnioski i spostrzeżenia skonstruowane po przeprowadzonych badaniach.
Sposób rozstrzygnięcia o władzy rodzicielskiej w wyrokach rozwodowych w porównaniu z wyrokami orzekającymi separację w świetle badań aktowych
Authors:   Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego, Kulesza Karolina
Published: June 2021

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przede wszystkim udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie, w jaki sposób sąd rozstrzyga o władzy rodzicielskiej w wyrokach rozwo-dowych w porównaniu z wyrokami orzekającymi separację. Przeanalizowano również, czy sąd zarówno w sprawach rozwodowych, jak i w sprawach o separa-cję w sposób należyty (dokładnie i wyczerpująco) prowadzi postępowanie dowo-dowe, z wykorzystaniem wszystkich dostępnych i adekwatnych w danej sprawie środków dowodowych. W niniejszym artykule zawarte zostały rozważania teo-retyczne dotyczące władzy rodzicielskiej w polskim prawie rodzinnym. Ponadto w artykule dokonano analizy badań własnych aktowych dotyczących spraw, w których Sąd rozstrzygał o władzy rodzicielskiej rozwiedzionych rodziców oraz małżonków pozostających w separacji.
Sprawa El-Hassani przeciwko polskiemu Ministrowi Spraw Zagranicznych a sądowa kontrola działalności administracji publicznej w Polsce
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego, Dorosz-Kruczyński Jakub
Published: June 2021

W wyroku w sprawie C-403/16 Soufiane El Hassani przeciwko polskiemu ministrowi spraw zagranicznych Trybunał Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej zauważył, że przepisy prawa krajowego nie mogą ograniczać prawa do sądowej kontroli decyzji administracyjnej zawartego w art. 32 ust. 2 Kodeksu Wizowego. Przepis ten musi być wykładany w kontekście Europejskiej Karty Praw Podstawowych. Orzeczenie było odpowiedzią na pytanie Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego, które pojawiło się na gruncie prawa o postępowaniu przed sądami administracyjnymi w zakresie, w jakim ustawa wyłącza z właściwości sądów administracyjnych sprawy dotyczące decyzji wizowych. Celem opracowania jest zwrócenie uwagi, że sprawa ta mogła zostać załatwiona przez sąd powszechny bez uszczerbku dla praw osób ubiegających się o wydanie wizy. Taka możliwość wynika z szerokiej definicji sprawy cywilnej w k.p.c. i właściwości sądów powszechnych w niektórych sprawach z zakresu administracji publicznej.
Unia Europejska – wspólny los Polski i Litwy, czy indywidualne wyzwanie?
Authors:   SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Gardocka Teresa , Jagiełło Dariusz ,   SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
Published: June 2021

Opracowanie stanowi próbę przedstawienia sytuacji Polski i Litwy po wejściu do Unii Europejskiej oraz ewolucji oceny społecznej przynależności do Unii przez Polaków. Szczególnie istotnym momentem jest przejście od spojrzenia na Unię z punktu widzenia korzyści materialnych wiążących się z akcesją do patrzenia na wspólnotę europejską jako wspólnotę wartości, stanowiącą gwarancję europejskiej solidarności i wyrównania szans, także w sferze materialnej. Autorzy rozważają kwestię, czy zauważalne w Polsce nastroje narodowe (nacjonalistyczne) i roszczeniowe wobec państw starej unii stanowią zagrożenie dla akceptacji wspólnych wartości i roli Polski we wspólnocie.
INCITAÇÃO/INSTIGAÇÃO E INDUÇÃO AO SUICÍDIO POR MEIO DO JOGO DIGITAL BONECA MOMO: ANÁLISE DOCUMENTAL
Authors: De Negreiros Elayne Ferreira , Gambardella Viviane Ferreira da Silva , Alencar Alecrides Marques
Published: June 2021

O aumento do acesso à Internet, isolamento e a influência comportamental das mídias sociais foram apontados como contribuintes para o aumento do suicídio entre adolescentes. Assim, na atual legislação brasileira, o suicídio não configura crime, mas, o induzimento, instigação ou auxílio ao suicídio são considerados crimes. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever o jogo boneca Momo, suas regras, mecanismos de manutenção, e analisar as implicações do sistema legislativo sobre a prática desse jogo. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, classificado como exploratório e descritivo. Os resultados, apontaram para o uso indevido de imagem, incitação/instigação e/ou indução de comportamentos autolesivos ou de provocar danos, constrangimento, ameaça e suicídio. Pôde-se inferir que não há legislação para o caso do desafio Momo. Assim, destaca-se a importância de discutir questões referentes a saúde mental e orientação parental, como contribuintes para uma melhor qualidade de vida, e redução das consequências do jogo e prevenção destas.
Funcionamento adaptativo, problemas internalizantes, problemas externalizantes e envolvimento acadêmico em alunos primeiranistas de ensino superior
Authors: Oliveira-Monteiro Nancy Ramacciotti de , De Araújo Fernanda Ribeiro , Oliveira Marcos Roberto Silva de
Published: June 2021

Introdução: coincidente com distanciamento da família e interação com novos grupos sociais, a etapa da universidade traz oportunidades para incremento da autonomia frente às tarefas da vida adulta. A literatura aponta dificuldades psicológicas ocorrentes nos primeiros anos universitários, que podem se refletir negativamente no desempenho acadêmico. Objetivo: verificar condições psicológicas de universitários primeiranistas com respeito a funcionamento adaptativo, problemas internalizantes, problemas externalizantes e expectativas acadêmicas. Método: participaram da pesquisa 50 alunos de primeiro ano de um curso de bacharelado interdisciplinar, de uma universidade pública. Foram utilizados o Adult Self-Report e a Escala de Envolvimento Acadêmico. A aplicação dos instrumentos ocorreu coletivamente, em salas de aula, nos meses de maio e setembro de 2018. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente e tratados de forma descritiva e inferencial, pela variável sexo. Resultados: médias dos escores de problemas internalizantes foram indicadas em faixas limítrofe/clínicas, em homens e mulheres participantes. Encontrada forte correlação entre envolvimento em atividades obrigatórias e funcionamento adaptativo; e correlação negativa entre problemas externalizantes e envolvimento em atividades obrigatórias. Discussão: problemas internalizantes nos homens investigados (em nível semelhante aos das estudantes) não são comumente reportados na literatura concernente, carecendo de mais investigações.
Significações de viver com depressão na velhice
Authors: Pfutzenreuter Katia Carreira , Duarte Itala Villaça , Celebrone Regina Celia
Published: June 2021

Este artigo objetiva analisar os sentidos atribuídos à vivência da depressão por idosos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, exploratória, descritiva, do tipo transversal e de abordagem qualitativa. Para a caracterização dos participantes foi utilizado um questionário sociodemográfico e para a coleta de dados foi utilizada a Entrevista Narrativa de Doença - McGill Illness Narrative Interview (MINI), entrevista semiestruturada, traduzida, adaptada e validada para o Brasil. Foram analisadas 8 narrativas segundo a metodologia Análise de Conteúdo (Bardin, 2011), e foram sistematizadas as seguintes categorias: (I) A depressão atrelada aos sentidos sociais, agrupando as narrativas que apontam o estigma deste adoecimento psíquico, sendo principalmente relacionando com a loucura; (II) Sentimentos vinculados a depressão e suas repercussões nos laços sociais, incluindo falas sobre a irritabilidade, desânimo e inibição, e necessidade do reconhecimento do outro em relação ao seu sofrimento; e (III) Depressão  associada às perdas e lutos de uma vida, havendo associação entre a depressão na velhice como um acúmulo sucessivas perdas familiares. Considera-se que o sujeito idoso acometido pela depressão necessita ser escutado, considerando as possibilidades de ressignificar lutos e histórias de vida, para tanto a importância de um amparo subjetivo e social.
Revisão de pesquisas internacionais sobre a relação entre criatividade e bem-estar subjetivo
Authors: Chnaider Janaina , Nakano Tatiana De Cássia
Published: June 2021

A associação da criatividade à saúde mental é amplamente discutida na psicologia. Dentre os benefícios, considera-se o aumento do bem-estar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi revisar a literatura internacional sobre a relação entre criatividade e do Bem-Estar Subjetivo (BES) nas bases de dados Capes, Pepsic e Scielo. A partir da combinação dos descritores “well-being” and “creativity”, foram encontrados 143 artigos, dos quais analisou-se 18 após considerar os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Os resultados indicam o predomínio de estudos que identificaram a existência da relação entre os construtos, em que a estimulação da criatividade favorece o aumento do BES, assim como a relação de ambas variáveis com outros construtos como a motivação e a personalidade. Conclui-se que compreender a relação da criatividade com o BES é fundamental no desenvolvimento de estratégias que visem a promoção de saúde mental.
Fatores influenciadores da autoconfiança robusta
Authors: Fernandes Marcos Gimenes , Magalhães Eduarda  Letícia Coutinho , Palma Nathália Silva , Nunes Sandra Adriana Neves
Published: June 2021

Estudos evidenciam que a autoconfiança é um dos determinantes cognitivos mais influentes do desempenho esportivo. Ao que tudo indica, elevados níveis de autoconfiança ajudam a diminuir a ansiedade competitiva, atuando como fator influenciador do desempenho dos atletas. Além disso, alguns fatores individuais e relativos ao esporte praticado podem influenciar a autoconfiança. Assim, o presente trabalho objetiva verificar o efeito do sexo, tipo de esporte e experiência competitiva nas dimensões da versão brasileira do Trait Robustness of Self-Confidence Inventory. A amostra foi composta de 316 atletas (223 do sexo masculino e 93 do sexo feminino) com idades compreendidas entre 18 e 59 anos (M =25,74 e DP = 8,67) de diversas modalidades esportivas individuais e coletivas. Os principais resultados apontam evidências de que o sexo e a experiência competitiva tiveram efeito significativo sobre as dimensões da versão brasileira do TROSCI. As implicações teóricas e praticas são discutidas de modo a auxiliar Psicólogos do Esporte em programas de desenvolvimento da autoconfiança robusta em atletas.
Ankyrin-R regulates fast-spiking interneuron excitability through perineuronal nets and Kv3.1b K+ channels
Authors: Stevens Sharon R , Longley Colleen M , Ogawa Yuki , Teliska Lindsay H , Arumanayagam Anithachristy S , Nair Supna , Oses-Prieto Juan A , Burlingame Alma L , Cykowski Matthew D , Xue Mingshan , Rasband Matthew N
Published: June 2021

Neuronal ankyrins cluster and link membrane proteins to the actin and spectrin-based cytoskeleton. Among the three vertebrate ankyrins, little is known about neuronal Ankyrin-R (AnkR). We report AnkR is highly enriched in Pv+ fast-spiking interneurons in mouse and human. We identify AnkR-associated protein complexes including cytoskeletal proteins, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and perineuronal nets (PNNs). We show that loss of AnkR from forebrain interneurons reduces and disrupts PNNs, decreases anxiety-like behaviors, and changes the intrinsic excitability and firing properties of Pv+ fast-spiking interneurons. These changes are accompanied by a dramatic reduction in Kv3.1b K+ channels. We identify a novel AnkR-binding motif in Kv3.1b, and show that AnkR is both necessary and sufficient for Kv3.1b membrane localization in interneurons and at nodes of Ranvier. Thus, AnkR regulates Pv+ fast-spiking interneuron function by organizing ion channels, CAMs, and PNNs, and linking these to the underlying β1 spectrin-based cytoskeleton.
Vem vet bäst?
Authors: Enqvist Lena , Börjesson Angelica
Published: June 2021

I Sverige kan förebyggande sjukpenning lämnas till den som genomgår medicinsk behandling eller medicinsk rehabilitering i syfte att förebygga sjukdom, förkorta sjukdomstiden, eller helt eller delvis förebygga eller häva nedsättning av arbetsförmågan. Syftet med förmånen är således att en enskild ska kunna vara frånvarande från sitt arbete i den utsträckning det behövs för att medverka i medicinska insatser som kan förebygga att arbetsoförmåga på grund av sjukdom alls uppstår. Genom detta förebyggande syfte är förmånens ersättningsvillkor i hög utsträckning knutna till prognostiska bedömningar i flera steg. Försäkringskassan, som är den myndighet som ska administrera ersättningen, ska bland annat bedöma om det finns en risk för sjukdom, om den medicinska behandling som erbjuds kan förkorta eller förebygga sådan sjukdom i det enskilda fallet, samt om sjukdomen i sig kan förväntas sätta ner arbetsförmågan – vilket placerar förmånen mycket nära hälso- och sjukvårdens medicinska expertis. I artikeln visas att dessa omständigheter har förklaringsvärde för att Försäkringskassan samt hälso- och sjukvården uppvisar vissa brister i samsyn när det gäller hur begreppet vetenskap och beprövad erfarenhet ska förstås samt om förmånens syfte och funktion – och att detta inverkar på hur förmånens förebyggande (profylaktiska) syfte får genomslag i rättstillämpningen samt i sjukförsäkringen.
Offentlige myndigheder, digitalisering og god forvaltning: Holder de loven? Holder loven?
Authors: Andersen Søren Stig , Røhl Ulrik B.U.
Published: June 2021

Den stadige teknologiske udvikling skaber løbende nye muligheder for offentlige myndigheders brug af digital teknologi til at understøtte deres opgaveløsning, uden at dette nødvendigvis er udtømmende reguleret i forvaltningsretlige retskilder som forvaltningslov og ombudsmandspraksis mv. I denne artikel kombinerer vi en retsvidenskabelig analyse med en kvalitativ undersøgelse af praksis hos danske offentlige myndigheder med henblik på at undersøge, hvorledes forskellige retsregler, principper, værdier og ekstralegale normer påvirker myndighedernes anvendelse af digital teknologi i sagsbehandlingen. To forskellige forvaltningsretlige temaer er i fokus: 1) myndigheders udformning og kommunikation af begrundelser, når der træffes afgørelser, og 2) myndigheders løbende kvalitetssikring af digitale løsningers understøttelse af sagsbehandling. Mens det ene tema (begrundelser) er adresseret direkte i lovgivningen samt domstolenes og Ombudsmandens praksis, er det andet tema (løbende kvalitetssikring) stort set kendetegnet ved et fravær af autoritative retskilder. Vores undersøgelse viser, at uanset om der er tale om et område, der er tydeligt adresseret i retskilder eller ej, kan dybereliggende, mere immanente forvaltningsretlige principper og værdier have vanskeligt ved at slå igennem i myndighedernes praksis. Desuden konkluderes det, at i situationer uden tydelige autoritative retskilder kan ekstralegale normer have væsentlig betydning for myndigheders praksis.
The Life of Alcibiades
Authors: Romilly Jacqueline de
Published: June 2021

This biography of Alcibiades, the charismatic Athenian statesman and general (c. 450–404 BC) who achieved both renown and infamy during the Peloponnesian War, is both an extraordinary adventure story and a cautionary tale that reveals the dangers that political opportunism and demagoguery pose to democracy. As the book documents, Alcibiades' life is one of wanderings and vicissitudes, promises and disappointments, brilliant successes and ruinous defeats. Born into a wealthy and powerful family in Athens, Alcibiades was a student of Socrates and disciple of Pericles, and he seemed destined to dominate the political life of his city—and his tumultuous age. The book shows, however, that he was too ambitious. Haunted by financial and sexual intrigues and political plots, Alcibiades was exiled from Athens, sentenced to death, recalled to his homeland, only to be exiled again. He defected from Athens to Sparta and from Sparta to Persia and then from Persia back to Athens, buffeted by scandal after scandal, most of them of his own making. A gifted demagogue and, according to his contemporaries, more handsome than the hero Achilles, Alcibiades is also a strikingly modern figure, whose seductive celebrity and dangerous ambition anticipated current crises of leadership.
Precarious Times
Authors: Fuchs Anne
Published: June 2021

This book explores how works of German literature, film, and photography reflect on the profound temporal anxieties precipitated by contemporary experiences of atomization, displacement, and fragmentation that bring about a loss of history and of time itself and that is peculiar to our current moment. The digital age places premiums on just-in-time deliveries, continual innovation, instantaneous connectivity, and around-the-clock availability. While some celebrate this 24/7 culture, others see it as profoundly destructive to the natural rhythm of day and night—and to human happiness. Have we entered an era of a perpetual present that depletes the future and erodes our grasp of the past? Beginning its examination around 1900, when rapid modernization was accompanied by comparably intense reflection on changing temporal experience, the book provides historical depth and perspective to current debates on the “digital now.” Expanding the modern discourse on time and speed, it deploys such concepts as attention, slowness, and lateness to emphasize the uneven quality of time around the world.
Migration in the Time of Revolution
Authors: Zhou Taomo
Published: June 2021

This book examines how two of the world's most populous countries interacted between 1945 and 1967, when the concept of citizenship was contested, political loyalty was in question, identity was fluid, and the boundaries of political mobilization were blurred. The book asks probing questions of this important period in the histories of the People's Republic of China and Indonesia. What was it like to be a youth in search of an ancestral homeland that one had never set foot in, or an economic refugee whose expertise in private business became undesirable in one's new home in the socialist state? What ideological beliefs or practical calculations motivated individuals to commit to one particular nationality while forsaking another? As the book demonstrates, the answers to such questions about “ordinary” migrants are crucial to a deeper understanding of diplomatic relations between the two countries. The book argues that migration and the political activism of the ethnic Chinese in Indonesia were important historical forces in the making of governmental relations between Beijing and Jakarta after World War II. It highlights the agency and autonomy of individuals whose life experiences were shaped by but also helped shape the trajectory of bilateral diplomacy. These ethnic Chinese migrants and settlers were, the book contends, not passively acted upon but actively responding to the developing events of the Cold War. The book bridges the fields of diplomatic history and migration studies by reconstructing the Cold War in Asia as social processes from the ground up.