bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Family Caregivers’ Characterization of Conversations Following an ACP Event
Authors: Schubart Jane R. , Reading Jean M. , Penrod Janice , Stewart Renee R. , Sampath Ramya , Lehmann Lisa S. , Levi Benjamin H. , Green Michael J.
Published: August 2018

Background:

Advance care planning (ACP) has been shown to benefit patients and families, yet little is known about how an ACP event impacts communication and conversation about end-of-life treatment wishes and the content of such conversations between patients and family caregivers.

Objective:

To characterize post-ACP conversations regarding medical wishes between seriously ill patients and their family caregivers.

Participants:

Patients with advanced illness and family caregivers.

Outcome Measured:

Post-ACP conversations.

Design:

As part of a larger randomized controlled trial, dyads consisting of seriously ill patients and their identified family caregiver engaged in ACP and created an advance directive for the patient. Approximately 4 to 6 weeks later, semistructured interviews were conducted with the family caregivers to elucidate the subsequent communications regarding medical wishes. If the dyad did not have any conversations post-ACP, reasons and barriers were explored.

Results:

The majority of dyads (131/188, 69.7%) had 2 to 3 conversations lasting 3 to 5 minutes each in the weeks immediately following ACP. These conversations most commonly addressed general patient wishes about quality of life and specific medical treatments. The most common reasons for not having conversations were a general discomfort with the topic (13/57, 22.8%) and previously having discussed medical wishes (16/57, 28.1%).

Conclusion:

The ACP events promote conversation regarding quality of life, general wishes at the end of life, and specific medical wishes. Barriers to conversation following ACP were similar to barriers to ACP in general, suggesting that a more intentional focus on addressing these barriers pre- and post-ACP may be necessary to improve communication.
Queer Reading as Power Play: Methodological Considerations for Discourse Analysis of Visual Material
Authors: Engel Antke
Published: August 2018

This article considers the social productivity of images through a methodological reflection on various ways of presenting and challenging visual materials through textual means. I suggest employing a power-sensitive method of ekphrasis which renders methodologically productive desiring relations implied or performed by the image (in short: engaged ekphrasis). Concerning discourse analysis of visual material, two questions are of particular interest: What does it mean to invoke a discourse through visual means? And what does it mean to confront a particular piece of visual material with a discourse that is not explicitly invoked by this material? Reconsidering the method developed in an earlier monograph, this article asks how one can incite an exchange between a visual work and a discursive formation. Does this process depend on or make particular use of aesthetic forms and strategies, as well as visual rhetoric? How does such an exchange contribute to the analysis of social power relations? What can be learned about the relevance of visualizing practices and conditions of visibility in reproducing or transforming social relations? I introduce the notion of images as instruments and agents of governmentality to develop these methodological reflections. A particular focus lies on the overlaps between economic and queer discourses. I support my arguments through close readings of two commercial advertisements.
Towards a cultural psychology of science
Authors: Carré David
Published: August 2018

In the present article the general guidelines for a cultural psychology of science are proposed and discussed. In order to do so, the first section of this article presents a literature review of philosophical, sociological, and psychological studies of science during the 20th century. Through this review, it becomes clear that the existing studies of science have either neglected the personal role of the scientist, or subsumed it under collective elements, or reduced it to cognitive styles and personality traits. To overcome this shortcoming, the cultural psychology of science proposes to understand the scientist as a purpose-oriented person that constructively transforms culturally available meanings in order to create novel scientific knowledge. This new theoretical synthesis is presented and exemplified through four aspects that define the personal dimension of science. In sum, this work looks to emphasize the crucial, driving role of the person of the scientists for the creation of novel scientific knowledge.
Bidirectional relationships between bullying, victimization and emotion experience in boys with and without autism
Authors: Novin Sheida , Broekhof Evelien , Rieffe Carolien
Published: August 2018

Adolescents with autism are more often victims of bullying than peers without autism. Although prior work indicates that emotions play an important role, bidirectional relationships are yet unknown. This study examines the longitudinal associations of anger, fear, guilt and shame with being victimized and bullying others in adolescent boys with and without autism. On three occasions (9 months in between) 169 boys (43% with autism, 11.6 years at T1) completed self-reports. Findings show that more anger and less guilt predicted bullying behaviour, and vice versa, in both groups. In addition, more anger and fear predicted victimization. Fear was a stronger predictor in boys without autism. In turn, victimization predicted more anger, fear and shame. Especially, boys with autism reported more anger after being bullied, suggesting a tenacious vicious circle: these youngsters are likely to be angered when being bullied, which, in turn, makes them a target for bullies. Our findings provide new theoretical insights in the role emotions play in the emergence and maintenance of victimization/bullying others in boys with and without autism.
The impact of a school-based musical contact intervention on prosocial attitudes, emotions and behaviours: A pilot trial with autistic and neurotypical children
Authors: Cook Anna , Ogden Jane , Winstone Naomi
Published: August 2018

Children with autism are more likely to be socially excluded than their neurotypical peers. Since the majority of children with autism attend mainstream schools, interventions are needed to improve the attitudes and behaviours of their peers. Many studies highlight the influence of contact on positive attitudes and reduced discrimination. Group music-making provides an ideal opportunity for positive contact to occur in the classroom. This study evaluated the impact of music-based contact with autistic peers on the attitudes, emotions and behaviours of neurotypical children. Changes in those with autism were also assessed. Neurotypical participants ( n = 55) aged 10–11 years took part in an 11-week music programme designed to increase social interaction, which either did or did not include contact with autistic children ( n = 10). Measures of attitudes, emotions and behaviours were assessed at baseline and follow-up. In response to a hypothetical scenario depicting social exclusion of a child with autism, neurotypical participants in the contact group showed a greater increase in prosocial emotions and a greater decrease in tendency to be a victim than those in the no-contact group. Participants with autism also showed a 19.7% decrease in victimisation. Implications of group music-making for tackling social exclusion of children with autism are discussed.
‘Lend me your ears’
Authors: Robson Jeremy
Published: August 2018

This article reviews the approaches taken by the courts to the admissibility of voice identification evidence in four jurisdictions: England and Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Each jurisdiction addresses the question in a different way and each approach is open to criticism. This paper will argue that a contextualised approach to the problem would allow for improvements which would enhance the quality of the evidence and the adjudicative process.
Beam-end stiffness identification for a structural health monitoring-oriented finite-element transmission tower model using effective optimization techniques
Authors: Cheng Xiao-Xiang , Peng Yang , Khan Zargham Ahmad , Dong Jun
Published: August 2018

As an important issue for establishing structural health monitoring–oriented finite element models for large steel pylons, identification of beam-end stiffness draws the attention of the engineering circle. Since the methods adopted by other researchers for parameter identification are impracticable, a beam-end stiffness identification method which combines in situ measurements for the structure’s global dynamic properties with effective multi-variable optimization methods is utilized to improve the accuracy of established finite element models. A 131-m-high large transmission tower is employed as a case study to validate the method. In situ measurements for the tower’s global dynamic characteristics are performed, and identifications of Young’s modulus for 20 semi-rigid connections distributed along each of the tower’s four main chords are undertaken utilizing three multi-variable optimization methods, that is, the first-order method, the subproblem approximation method, and the response surface method. Static numerical simulations on two detailed connection models prove that multiple uncertain parameters can be correctly and simultaneously identified when appropriate optimization techniques are chosen. Finally, the influence of beam-end stiffness identification on the structural health monitoring–oriented structural safety assessment is revealed by calculating the wind-induced dynamic structural responses for the single tower and the transmission tower-line system, which indicates that identification of the correct beam-end stiffness and updating the structural health monitoring–oriented finite element model are indispensable procedures for reliable structural health monitoring.
Social capital as it pertains to international ventures in Asia
Authors: Sorensen Bjarne , Nielsen Bo Bernhard
Published: August 2018

Social capital was investigated in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (abbreviated as Laos), and findings were compared and contrasted to social capital practices in Confucian contexts (in particular China). We found horizontal social capital between heterogeneous groups in Theravada Buddhist Laos to be relatively accessible compared to the more homogeneous Confucian networks, whereas vertical networks with government officials are of greater importance in Confucian contexts. Through comparison between Lao and variations of Confucian social capital, we identified a number of distinctive features of Lao social capital ( teun tang sangkhom) which delineate it from guanxi and other concepts identified in the literature. We argue that Lao social capital is not merely a new label for old concepts in the Western or guanxi literature, but rather is a uniquely evolved artefact of Lao society and thus represents a new distinct concept in the literature. Furthermore, through comparative insights into networking practices in Theravada Buddhist Laos and Confucian contexts, this research provides a more nuanced understanding of similarities and differences in cross-cultural management in the region.
Communicating with library patrons and people with dementia: Tracing an ethic of care in professional communication guidelines
Authors: Dalmer Nicole K , Campbell DG
Published: August 2018

In both library reference work and dementia care, communication between personnel and service recipients can be both complex and complicated. Professionals in both fields have therefore developed protocols and standards to assist personnel in handling these interactions. In this article we detail an exploratory comparative study that used an ethic of care framework to compare prominent guidelines for reference librarians (American Library Association’s Reference and User Services Association’s Guidelines for behavioral performance of reference and information service providers) with guidelines for workers in long-term dementia care settings (the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence’s Guideline on supporting people with dementia and their carers in health and social care). We explored how both sets of Guidelines frame the act of communication as a combination of regulated procedure and empathetic discourse to determine how the similarities among and differences between these two guidelines provide useful insights into each other. Our examination was structured using an ethic of care lens, which emphasizes the importance of interpersonal relationships, reciprocity, and empathetic benevolence. Using specific phrases in each set of Guidelines that align with and are evidence of Tronto’s four moral principles of care, we ultimately discovered, in both sets of Guidelines, an underlying ethic of care: a repeated insistence upon embedding procedures within behaviour that manifests attentiveness, responsibility, responsiveness, and competence.
Differences in Health Education Competencies Among Obesity Prevention and Nutrition Education Professionals
Authors: LaChausse Robert G. , Sandoval Emma
Published: August 2018

The study purpose was to examine perceived health education competencies among those responsible for planning, implementing, and evaluating health education programs. A total of 172 obesity prevention and nutrition education professionals in the United States completed a survey measuring their perceived competency to plan, implement, and evaluate nutrition education/obesity prevention education programs based on the National Commission for Health Education Credentialing health education competencies and their endorsement of various health education approaches. Using a series of multiple hierarchical regression models, we found that those trained in health education had greater perceived competency in assessing needs ( B = 1.19, t = 2.11, p = .03), planning health education programs ( B = 1.63, t = 2.96, p = .004), implementing health education programs ( B = 1.00, t = 2.22, p = .03), evaluating health education programs ( B = 4.85, t = 3.54, p = .001), and managing health education programs ( B = 1.70, t = 2.21, p = .03) than those trained in nutrition or dietetics. Additionally, those trained in health education were more likely to endorse the use of a skill-based approach to obesity prevention ( B = 0.25, t = 2.53, p = .01) and less likely to endorse teaching facts and information ( B = 0.24, t = 1.99, p = .05) than those trained in nutrition or dietetics. These results have implications for improving the effectiveness of health education and promotion programs and the professional preparation of health educators and dietitians alike.
Why Not Life and Limb? Vasopressor Use in Intensive Care Unit Patients the Cause of Acute Limb Ischemia
Authors: Newbury Anastassia , Harper Katharine D. , Trionfo Arianna , Ramsey Frederick V. , Thoder Joseph J.
Published: August 2018

Background: Acute limb ischemia (ALI) of the upper extremity is a rare yet severe condition in intensive care unit (ICU) patients that generally leads to amputation. The aim of this study is to determine risk factors for development of upper extremity limb ischemia in ICU patients requiring vasopressor support. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted from 2010 to 2015. Patients who received vasopressors during ICU admission were considered for the study. Patients were identified via Current Procedural Terminology ( CPT) billing codes. ALI patients were matched to control patients based on diagnosis and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score. Days on pressors, number of pressors, total doses, and level of ischemia were recorded. Primary end point was doses, types, and days on vasopressors. Secondary end point was level of ALI. Results: Patients in the ALI group were more likely to be started on a higher number of different types of pressors (2.6 vs 1.3 pressors). ALI patients received pressors for 8.5 days compared with 1.6 days in control patients, and received 12.8 doses compared with 3.0 doses in control patients. In addition, vasopressors with alpha-adrenergic activity were more likely to be used in the ALI group. Level of ischemia was not linked to any of the tested variables. Conclusion: Patients admitted to the ICU are more likely to sustain an acute ischemic event of an upper extremity with more vasopressor usage. Patients who received alpha-adrenergic activating vasopressors were more likely to sustain limb ischemia. When discoloration of an extremity is detected, patients should receive counteractive treatments in an effort to salvage the extremity and prevent function loss.
The Effect of Pitch Variation and Diameter Variation on Screw Pullout
Authors: Gustafson Peter A , Veenstra Joshua M , Bearden Cody R , Jastifer James R.
Published: August 2018

Introduction: There are many screw and thread designs commercially available to surgeons for bone fixation. There is a paucity of literature on comparative mechanical properties of various screw and thread designs including variable pitch screws, and tapered screws. This purpose of this study was to test whether varying a screws thread pitch and/or tapering a screws core diameter alters the mechanical performance of screws. Methods: A mechanical pullout test was performed on 4 different screw designs, including a variable pitch screw, a constant pitch screw, and variations of these in a straight and tapered screw design. Three-dimensional printing technology was used to manufacture the metal screws in order to control for as many variables as possible. Results: The pullout strength of the constant pitch screws (304.9 ± 25.3 N, P < .001) was significantly greater than the variable pitch screws (259.7 ± 23.4 N). The pullout strength was also significantly greater for screws with a tapered diameter (305.4 ± 24.1 N) than a constant diameter (259.1 ± 23.5N, P < .001). Tapered diameter variable pitch screws had the largest stiffness overall, which was statistically significant against all other groups ( P ⩽ .001). Conclusion: The pullout strength is significantly greater for screws with a tapered diameter than a constant diameter and greater for screws with a constant pitch than for a variable pitch. Results of stiffness testing is mixed depending on the screw taper. The clinical significance of this study is that it provides data on the effects that thread design and tapering have on the pullout strength of screws.

Levels of Evidence: Level V: Mechanical study
Best mode of inspiratory muscle training in heart failure patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sadek Zahra , Salami Ali , Joumaa Wissam H , Awada Charifa , Ahmaidi Said , Ramadan Wiam
Published: August 2018

Objectives

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of inspiratory muscle training on inspiratory muscle strength, functional capacity and dyspnoea for patients with chronic heart failure, by summarising the published research on the effects of inspiratory muscle training. To identify the best mode of intervention in terms of: the load of maximal inspiratory pressure; the frequency of sessions; and the total duration of intervention.

Methods

A relevant literature research using the PubMed database, Cochrane and references of published studies, from 1998 to 2016, was conducted. Out of 65 randomised controlled trials, seven were considered as potentially relevant and were retrieved for detailed analysis. The methodological quality of each randomised controlled trial was rated using the physiotherapy evidence database scale.

Results

The included seven studies contained data on 203 patients. Typical training protocols involved training three, six or seven times per week with intensity ranging from 30% to 60% and for a duration ranging from 6 to 12 weeks. Maximal inspiratory pressure, walking distance and dyspnoea were improved in all studies and especially in those who set a load of 60% in their maximal inspiratory pressure, and have trained patients six times per week for 12 weeks.

Conclusion

In chronic heart failure patients, inspiratory muscle training results in a marked improvement in inspiratory muscle strength, walking distance and dyspnoea, notably when training patients at 60% of maximal inspiratory pressure, six times per week and for 12 weeks. A small number of studies and heterogeneity among studies may limit the findings of the present study.
Testing the effectiveness and implementation of a brief version of the Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA) in Ukraine: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Murray Laura K. , Haroz Emily E. , Doty Benjamin , Singh Namrita S. , Bogdanov Sergey , Bass Judith , Dorsey Shannon , Bolton Paul
Published: August 2018

Background

Mental illness is a major public health concern. Despite progress understanding which treatments work, a significant treatment gap remains. An ongoing concern is treatment length. Modular, flexible, transdiagnostic approaches have been offered as one solution to scalability challenges. The Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA) is one such approach and offers the ability to treat a wide range of common mental health problems. CETA is supported by two randomized trials from low- and middle-income countries showing strong effectiveness and implementation outcomes.

Methods/design

This trial evaluates the effectiveness and implementation of two versions of CETA using a non-inferiority design to test two primary hypotheses: (1) a brief five-session version of CETA (Brief CETA) will provide similar effectiveness for reducing the severity of common mental health problems such as depression, post-traumatic stress, impaired functioning, anxiety, and substance use problems compared with the standard 8–12-session version of CETA (Standard CETA); and (2) both Brief and Standard CETA will have superior impact on the outcomes compared to a wait-list control condition. For both hypotheses, the main effect will be assessed using longitudinal data and mixed-effects regression models over a 6-month period post baseline. A secondary aim includes exploration of implementation factors. Additional planned analyses will include exploration of: moderators of treatment impact by disorder severity and comorbidity; the impact of individual therapeutic components; and trends in symptom change between end of treatment and 6-month assessment for all participants.

Discussion

This trial is the first rigorous study comparing a standard-length (8–12 sessions) modular, flexible, transdiagnostic, cognitive-behavioral approach to a shortened version of the approach (five sessions). Brief CETA entails “front-loading” with elements that research suggests are strong mechanisms of change. The study design will allow us to draw conclusions about the effects of both Brief and Standard CETA as well as which elements are integral to their mechanisms of action, informing future implementation and fidelity efforts. The results from this trial will inform future dissemination, implementation and scale-up of CETA in Ukraine and contribute to our understanding of the effects of modular, flexible, transdiagnostic approaches in similar contexts.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03058302 (U.S. National Library of Medicine). Registered on 20 February 2017.
Common Legal Considerations When Moving to a New Medical Practice
Authors: Kass Joseph S. , Rose Rachel V.
Published: August 2018

This article presents a hypothetical case of the legal issues a physician must consider when moving to a new medical practice, such as the enforceability of a noncompete clause, malpractice insurance, communicating this change in practice to existing patients, and custody of medical records.
The Migraine Premonitory Phase
Authors: Karsan Nazia , Bose Pyari , Goadsby Peter J.
Published: August 2018

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

The premonitory phase of migraine is defined as the presence of nonpainful symptomatology occurring hours to days before the onset of headache. Symptoms can include neck stiffness, yawning, thirst, and increased frequency of micturition. Clinical recognition of these symptoms is important to ensure early and effective attack management. Further understanding of the clinical phenotype and neurobiological mediation of these symptoms is important in the advancement of therapeutics research in both acute and preventive treatments of migraine.

RECENT FINDINGS

Since 2014, functional imaging studies have been conducted during the premonitory stage of migraine and have provided novel insights into the early neurobiology and anatomy of the earliest stage of the migraine attack. These studies have shown early involvement of subcortical brain areas including the hypothalamus, substantia nigra, dorsal pons, and various limbic cortical areas, including the anterior cingulate cortex during the premonitory phase. More recent work has revealed altered hypothalamic-brainstem functional connectivity during migraine, which starts before the onset of pain. These exciting findings have provided functional correlation of the symptoms experienced by patients and changes seen on functional brain imaging.

This article focuses on the prevalence, phenotype, and proposed neurobiology of premonitory symptomatology in migraineurs as well as the scope of future research.
The Migraine Aura
Authors: Charles Andrew
Published: August 2018

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article discusses the basic mechanisms of migraine aura and its clinical significance based upon evidence from human studies and animal models.

RECENT FINDINGS

Prospective clinical studies have reinforced the understanding that migraine aura is highly variable from one individual to the next as well as from attack to attack in an individual. While migraine with aura clearly has a higher heritability than migraine without aura, population studies have not identified specific genes that underlie this heritability for typical migraine with aura. Imaging studies reveal hypoperfusion associated with migraine aura, although the timing and distribution of this hypoperfusion is not strictly correlated with migraine symptoms. Mapping of migraine visual aura symptoms onto the visual cortex suggests that the mechanisms underlying the aura propagate in a linear fashion along gyri or sulci rather than as a concentric wave and also suggests that aura may propagate in the absence of clinical symptoms. Cortical spreading depression in animal models continues to be a translational model for migraine, and the study of spreading depolarizations in the injured human brain has provided new insight into potential mechanisms of cortical spreading depression in migraine. Migraine with aura has multiple comorbidities including patent foramen ovale, stroke, and psychiatric disorders; the shared mechanisms underlying these comorbidities remains a topic of active investigation.

Although it occurs in the minority of patients with migraine, aura may have much to teach us about basic mechanisms of migraine. In addition, its occurrence may influence clinical management regarding comorbid conditions and acute and preventive therapy.
A Return to the Concept
Authors: Matonti Frédérique
Published: August 2018

The journal Cahiers pour l’Analyse was founded in 1966 and disappeared in the aftermath of May 1968. At the time the intellectual and publishing world was dominated by texts that were broadly characterized as “structuralist.” Edited by a board of students at the prestigious École normale supérieure (Jacques-Alain Miller, François Régnault, Alain Grosrichard and Jean-Claude Milner), with the participation of Alain Badiou in its later stages, the journal accorded great importance to Jacques Lacan and to psychoanalysis in general. But it also played a role in Althusser’s political and intellectual strategy a year after the publication of For Marx and Reading Capital. Cahiers pour l’Analyse represents, then, the most complete example of the politicization of structuralism on the eve of May 1968. Yet it also had a focus on political philosophers, such as Machiavelli and Rousseau, and the political writings of classical philosophers such as Hume and Descartes. The editors also favoured the philosophy of the concept (Canguilhem) over phenomenology (particularly in its Sartrean interpretation). Analyzing the content of the journal and published interviews with its authors, this article indicates how the broad aim was to restore primacy of place to philosophy at a point when it was under challenge from the social sciences.
Viral escape from endosomes and host detection at a glance
Authors: Staring Jacqueline , Raaben Matthijs , Brummelkamp Thijn R.
Published: August 2018

In order to replicate, most pathogens need to enter their target cells. Many viruses enter the host cell through an endocytic pathway and hijack endosomes for their journey towards sites of replication. For delivery of their genome to the host cell cytoplasm and to avoid degradation, viruses have to escape this endosomal compartment without host detection. Viruses have developed complex mechanisms to penetrate the endosomal membrane and have evolved to co-opt several host factors to facilitate endosomal escape. Conversely, there is an extensive variety of cellular mechanisms to counteract or impede viral replication. At the level of cell entry, there are cellular defense mechanisms that recognize endosomal membrane damage caused by virus-induced membrane fusion and pore formation, as well as restriction factors that block these processes. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we describe the different mechanisms that viruses have evolved to escape the endosomal compartment, as well as the counteracting cellular protection mechanisms. We provide examples for enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, for which we discuss some unique and unexpected cellular responses to virus-entry-induced membrane damage.
Vibration sensitivity found inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Holbrook Robert I. , Mortimer Beth
Published: August 2018

Mechanical sensing is important for all organisms, but is the least understood of the senses. As mechanical stimuli come in diverse forms, organisms often have sensors or sensory systems that specialise in a form of mechanical stimuli, such as touch or vibration. Here we tested the hypothesis that the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits a behavioural response to vibration that is distinct from its responses to touch. We show that wild type strain worms respond to sustained low frequency vibration in a manner distinct from the known responses to non-localised mechanical stimuli. Furthermore, the behavioural responses of mutant strains suggest different roles for ciliated versus non-ciliated neurons in mediating the response. Although further study is required to identify the vibration sensing pathway, our data support that C. elegans can sense substrate-borne vibrations using cells distinct from those used in gentle touch.
New Generation of the Reference Interaction Site Model Self-Consistent Field Method: Introduction of Constrained Spatial Electron Density Distribution (cSED)
Authors: Yokogawa Daisuke
Published: August 2018

Quantum mechanical (QM) calculation in solution is becoming a popular and useful tool in chemistry. We have developed a hybrid method between QM and reference interaction site model (RISM). To combine RISM with QM calculations, we have to employ charge fitting approaches. By introducing constrained spatial electron density distribution (cSED) in the fitting, we developed a new generation of RISM self-consistent field (SCF). Our method (RISM-SCF-cSED) overcame the instability of the original RISM-SCF calculations. We extended RISM-SCF-cSED by coupling a variety of QM approaches. We applied our method to tautomerization reactions of cytosine, 6-chloro-2-pyridone, and isonicotinic acid in water and Stokes shift calculation of indole and 5-cyanoindole. Our method correctly evaluated relative free energy differences in the reaction and the Stokes shift change along the polarity of solvent.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: effect of hepatic steatosis on major hepatocellular carcinoma features at MRI
Authors: Thompson Scott M , Garg Ishan , Ehman Eric C , Sheedy Shannon P , Bookwalter Candice A , Carter Rickey E , Roberts Lewis R , Venkatesh Sudhakar K
Published: August 2018

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of hepatic steatosis on LI-RADS® major features at MRI in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods:

HCC and liver parenchyma features at MRI from 48 consecutive patients with NAFLD and histology proven HCC (mean ± SD; 4.5 ± 3.4 cm) were independently reviewed by three radiologists. Inter-rater agreement was determined by prevalence/bias-adjusted kappa. Hepatic fat signal fraction (FS%) was independently calculated. HCC features were compared by FS% at MRI using logistic regression analysis and histologic steatosis grade using Cochran-Armitage test for trend, stratified by cirrhotic liver morphology or histologic fibrosis stage. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to determine the sensitivity and specificity for major HCC features by FS%.

Results:

Major HCC features included arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE) in 45 (93%), portal venous phase washout (PVWO) in 30 (63%), delayed phase washout (DPWO) in 38 (79%) and enhancing “capsule” in 34 (71%). Cirrhotic morphology was present in 22 (46%). Inter-rater agreement was 0.75 for APHE, 0.42–0.58 for PVWO, 0.58–0.71 for DPWO and 0.38–0.67 for enhancing “capsule”. There was an 18%, 14% and 22% increase in the odds of absent PVWO, DPWO and capsule appearance for every 1% increase in hepatic FS% in patients with non-cirrhotic liver morphology (p = 0.011, 0.040 and 0.029, respectively). Hepatic FS% ≥ 14.8% had a sensitivity and specificity of 64 and 100% for absent PVWO and 71 and 90% for absent DPWO in patients with non-cirrhotic liver morphology.

Conclusion:

Absent washout and capsule appearance are associated with increasing hepatic steatosis in patients with non-cirrhotic, NAFLD-associated HCC.

Advances in knowledge:

In patients with non-cirrhotic, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), absent HCC washout and capsule appearance are associated with increasing hepatic steatosis, thereby potentially impacting the noninvasive imaging diagnosis of HCC in these patients. Lack of washout or capsule appearance in steatotic livers at MRI may require alternative criteria for the diagnosis of HCC in patients with non-cirrhotic NAFLD.
ΕΞΩΦΥΛΛΟ ΘΕΜΑΤΙΚΩΝ ΕΝΟΤΗΤΩΝ
Authors: Geological Society of Greece Geological Society of Greece
Published: August 2018

no abstract available
Paleogeographic Evolution of SW Peloponnesus during Quaternary
Authors: ΜΑΡΙΟΛΑΚΟΣ Η. , ΦΟΥΝΤΟΥΛΗΣ Ι. , ΛΑΔΑΣ Ι.
Published: August 2018

Several geoscientists in the past have mentioned the presence of pebbles, that have originated from the metamorphosed formations of the lower tectonic units of Péloponnèse (Ama and Mani units), in the outcrops of the post-alpine deposits of Pylia penninsula. As the present physicogeographical appearance of SW Péloponnèse does not justify the existence of those pebbles in the post-alpine deposits of Pylia, since Arna and Mani units outcrop only at the Mani penninsula, an efford is made for the interpretation of the paleogeographic evolution of the greater area and the conditions of deposition of those formations.
Structural evolution and exhumation history of the Rhodope UHP-HP metamorphic province (Northern Greece)
Authors: KROHE A. , MPOSKOS E.
Published: August 2018

Middle/Early Alpine UHP-HP domain of the Rhodope (N'Greece) show pressures >3.6 Gpa. UHP-HP rocks have been emplaced in three major tectonic pulses: (i) At about 65->48 Ma the UHP Kimi Complex was exhumed at the surface representing the structurally uppermost UHP unit, (ii) Between > 42-30 Ma, the Sidironero, Kardamos and Kechros Complexes were exhumed underlying the Kimi Complex in the central and eastern Rhodope, respectively. They are characterized by HP-metamorphism (some parts by UHP-metamorphism), isothermal decompression and probably rapid exhumation. Exhumation tectonics involves deep level thrusting, synchronous high level extension, and successive post-thrusting extension. The post-thrusting Xanthi low angle normal detachment system extending over a distance of 100 km, from central Rhodope to eastern Rhodope, is interpreted to be responsible for a decrease in recent crustal thickness of about 20 km from central to eastern Rhodope. Lutetian (c. 48-43Ma) to Oligocene marine basins transgressed atop the Kimi Complex representing the upper plate of all detachment generations, (iii) The third exhumation pulse between 26 to 8 Ma, exhumed the Thasos/Pangeon metamorphic core complexes representing the structurally lowermost tectonic units of the Rhodope domain. Their exhumation occurred by displacements on the Miocene Strymon and Thasos detachment systems.
The occurrence and geodynamic significance of the volcano-sedimentary Tyros-beds (base of the Gavrovo-Tripolis unit) on Rhodes island, Dodekanese, SE Aegean
Authors: LEKKAS E. , DANAMOS G. , SKOURTSOS E. , SAKELLARIOU D.
Published: August 2018

The Archangelos volcano-sedimentary formation is described here. It outcrops at the base of the alpine Archangelos unit of Rhodes island and displays sedimentary and lithological characteristics, which allow its correlation with the Upper Paleozoic - Upper Triassic Tyros-beds, known from the base Gavrovo-Tripolis unit in Peloponnesus, Kythira and Crete. Consequently Archangelos unit is correlated with the Gavrovo-Tripolis unit. Moreover it is suggested that Tyros-beds characterize the base of the external carbonate platform of Hellenides all along the southern Hellenic Arc, from Peloponnesus through Kythira and Crete to Rhodes Island.
Neotectonic structure and evolution of Lefkada island
Authors: ΛΕΚΚΑΣ Ε. Λ. , ΔΑΝΑΜΟΣ Γ. Δ. , ΛΟΖΙΟΣ Σ. Γ.
Published: August 2018

In this paper, the formations that participate in the geological structure of Lefkada island are described in detail, as well as two alpine tectonic phases that affected the island, together with the criteria for their evaluation. The tectonic fabric is then described and the mapped fault systems are analysed kinematically and geometrically through the time. The current geodynamic regime has found its expression on the island through a dense fault network that has overprinted the pre-existing thrust-related features and has been dominant throughout the Plioquaternary. The dense fault network has broken up the island in a multitude of independent fault blocks which are described; an attempt is also made to determine the relative movements among these fault-blocks. The recent geological history of Lefkada is characterized by basic periods of predominant compression, interrupted by brief extensional episodes, where gravitational movements are favoured.
Neotectonic structure and evolution of Salamis island
Authors: ΜΑΡΙΟΛΑΚΟΣ Η. , ΦΟΥΝΤΟΥΛΗΣ Ι. , ΘΕΟΧΑΡΗΣ Δ.
Published: August 2018

The morphotectonic structure that dominate in Salamis Island strike E-W and NE-SW, having as a result that neotectonic grabens and horsts follow these general directions. The asymmetry of the drainage network is due to the kinematic regime of the neotectonic blocks. Salamis Island is located in an area where structural trendings of E-W (Corinthian Gulf, Megara graben, Gerania Mt., Pateras Mt.) and NE-SW (Aigaleo Mt., Ymittos Mt., Athens Basin) are intersected, resulting a complicated neotectonic structure.
Tectonically controlled drainage evolution in Lokris (Central Greece)
Authors: ΜΑΡΙΟΛΑΚΟΣ Η. , ΚΡΑΝΗΣ Χ. , ΜΑΡΟΥΚΙΑΝ Χ. , ΦΟΥΝΤΟΥΛΗΣ Ι.
Published: August 2018

This paper presents the results of our research in the area of Lokris (Central Greece), regarding the relationship between the neotectonic structures and the response of the drainage network, which is found to be tectonically controlled to a great degree. Neotectonic mapping, geometrical and kinematic analysis, and morphotectonic investigation have shown that the local neotectonic grain is attributable to torsional deformation.
Tectonic structure and evolution of the upper plate of Vlahokerasia Metaporphic core (Central Peloponnesus)
Authors: ΣΚΟΥΡΤΣΟΣ Ε. , ΑΛΕΞΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Α. , ΛΕΚΚΑΣ Σ.
Published: August 2018

The geological structure of Vlahokerasia metamorphic core is consisted by a series of imbricated tectonic units, the occurrence of which, from the bottom to the top is as follows: Marbles, Phylites-Quartzites, Tripolitza and Pindos unit. Nevertheless, it has often been observed that some units are juxtaposed, not on the immediate tectonically underlying unit but on even lower units (i.e. Pindos unit lies directly on the Phyllites-Quartzites unit). The first two units, which have undergone Late Oligocene - Early Miocene HP/LT metamorphism, represents the lower plate of the metamorphic core, whereas the latter two (Pindos and Tripolitza units) correspond to the upper plate. The rocks of the upper plate are mainly characterized by a relatively small thickness (<300m) and they are strongly tectonized by two sets of normal faults. The main fault system trends in a ΝW orientation whereas the second one, which is younger, intersects the first set in a NNE orientation. Fault plane solutions performed on the previous-mentioned fault scarps showed a NE-SW oriented extensional stress distribution. In order to study the extensional tectonics, which has obviously influenced the fabric of the whole upper plate, a cross-section parallel to the main extensional axis and very close to the detachment surface has been constructed. The restoration of the cross-section showed that the extension of the upper plate was a result of the function of two sets of 'domino faults' of, relatively, opposite polarity. The gradual activation of these two sets of faults caused a severe thinning of the upper plate, expressed by a horizontal extensional deformation in the order of 302-422 %. Based on the existing radiochronological data, derived from the lower plate and on the age of the postalpine formations, which cover uncomformably the older structures, we assume that the extensional deformation of the upper plate took place during Early Miocene-Lower Pliocene. Regarding the post-alpine sediments, they have been deposited into basins created during the activity of a NW-oriented normal fault system, which cut through the older extensional features.
The Hyambolis zone: geomorhological and tectonic evidence of a transverse structure in Lokris (Central Greece)
Authors: KRANIS H. , PALYVOS N. , LIVADITIS G. , MAROUKIAN H.
Published: August 2018

Geomorphological and tectonic observations attest to the existence of a NE-SW fault zone transverse to the active zones in Lokris. The geometry of the 'Hyambolis fault zone' and preliminary results concerning its mode and timing of activity are presented and its role within the local and regional active tectonic grain is discussed. Moreover, this zone is placed in the context of a probable larger crustal discontinuity, the existence and significance of which are yet to be explored.
Evidence for detachment faulting on the NE Parnassos mountain front (Central Greece)
Authors: KRANIS H. D. , PAPANIKOLAOU D. I.
Published: August 2018

The Mt Parnassos NE front (central-eastern mainland Greece) may owe its existence to the occurrence of a detachment fault, which is a re-used alpine overthrust surface. Neotectonic graben formation and segmented fault systems can be linked to this detachment fault, the reactivation of which could be attributed to the propagation of the dynamics of the Anatolian Block into the Aegean territory. The detachment kinematics is also confirmed through the use of a new kinematic indicator, formerly used only in metamorphic rocks
Tectonic structure and volcanic centers at the eastern edge of the aegean volcanic arc around Nisyros island
Authors: PAPANIKOLAOU D. , NOMIKOU P.
Published: August 2018

The recent volcanic activity at the eastern edge of the Aegean Volcanic Arc is limited within a neotectonic graben structure which is developed in an E-W general direction between the alpine basement of Kos Island to the north and the alpine basement of Tilos Island to the south. In between the boundary faults of the neotectonic graben there is an extended volcanic area comprising several individual volcanic centers, which penetrate through the thick post-alpine sedimentary deposits of the graben.
The use of field data from the faulted margin of the gulf of Corinth as input to the reservoir model of the Lavrans Field, Haltenbanken, offshore Norway
Authors: SVERDRUP E. , SKOV T. , SOLHEIM M. , AARSETH E. , GABRIELSEN R. H.
Published: August 2018

Large proportions of the structural features that can impact on the flow properties of a reservoir are below the resolution of seismic data. Understanding the spatial distribution and internal structure of faults is therefore fundamental. By using a field analogue from the southern margin of the Gulf of Corinth, we have obtained information about fault parameters like frequency, orientation and linkage, which have been used in the reservoir modelling process of the Lavrans Field, offshore Norway. The link between field observations, seismic interpretation and plaster modelling techniques has further guided us to describe the structural development of the investigated structures.
ΓΕΩΜΟΡΦΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΕΞΕΛΙΞΗ ΤΗΣ ΛΕΚΑΝΗΣ ΑΠΟΡΡΟΗΣ ΤΟΥ ΑΝΩ ΡΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΑΧΕΛΩΟΥ
Authors: ΛΥΚΟΥΔΗ Ε.
Published: August 2018

Στην παρούσα εργασία παρουσιάζεται ένα μέρος των αποτελεσμάτων της αδημοσίευτης διδακτορικήςδιατριβής με τον αντίστοιχο τίτλο, όπου ερευνάται η λεκάνη απορροής του άνω ρου του Αχελώου ποταμού(ανάντη της τεχνητής λίμνης των Κρεμαστών). Από τη γεωμορφολογική ανάλυση, η οποία δίνει στοιχεία σχετικάμε το παλαιοπεριβάλλον της περιοχής και της γεωμορφολογικής της εξέλιξης, προέκυψε ότι η αποστράγγισητου υδρογραφικού δικτύου του άνω ρου του Αχελώου δεν είναι ομαλή και ότι αυτό βρίσκεται σε ασταθή δυναμικήκατάσταση ισορροπίας, με μεγαλύτερη αστάθεια στο δυτικό τμήμα. Αυτό οφείλεται στην αναγέννηση τουυδρογραφικού δικτύου λόγω νεοτεκτονικών κινήσεων (ανύψωση της περιοχής), με μεγαλύτερη ταχύτηταανύψωσης του δυτικού τμήματος (όρος Γάβροβο).