bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How radical KM is knowledge management: Referencing ISO knowledge management systems—requirements standard 30401
Authors: Barnes Stephanie
Published: April 2022

Creativity has an important role to play in knowledge management in the 21st century, and helping organizations and people cope with the VUCA (volatile, uncertain, complex, ambiguous) world we live in, Radical Knowledge Management (Radical KM) meets that need. This article uses the ISO Knowledge Management Systems—Requirements Standard 30401 (2018) as a framework for explaining how Radical KM and creativity are already a part of knowledge management, but has been unacknowledged until now. Additionally, the paper provides a process for determining when, in a KM process or activity, creativity can be applied and provides factors used in determining what the creative intervention looks like.
A novel device for lower leg intermittent pneumatic compression synchronized with active ankle exercise for prevention of deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Sakai Kenta , Takahira Naonobu , Tsuda Kouji , Akamine Akihiko
Published: April 2022

Objective

Intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPCDs) and active ankle exercises have been shown to be efficacious in preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) by increasing venous flow velocity and volume. However, IPCDs are expensive and require electricity; therefore, they cannot be used in the event of power loss. We developed a non-powered device that provides lower leg intermittent pneumatic compression synchronized with AAEs (LISA) and compared its efficacy with AAEs alone in increasing the peak velocity in the femoral vein.

Methods

The study population consisted of 20 healthy younger men and 20 healthy older men who performed AAE every 2 s in a sitting posture under four conditions: AAE with LISA (AAE+LISA), AAE alone (AAE), AAE with IPCD, and AAE with a graduated compression stocking.

Results

The PVs under all conditions were significantly higher than those at rest. The PVs in the AAE+LISA condition were significantly higher than those in the AAE alone condition in both younger and older groups (both p < .001).

Conclusions

AAE with LISA significantly increased the PV, suggesting that LISA might be useful for preventing DVT.
RadarSLAM: A robust simultaneous localization and mapping system for all weather conditions
Authors: Hong Ziyang , Petillot Yvan , Wallace Andrew , Wang Sen
Published: April 2022

A Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) system must be robust to support long-term mobile vehicle and robot applications. However, camera and LiDAR based SLAM systems can be fragile when facing challenging illumination or weather conditions which degrade the utility of imagery and point cloud data. Radar, whose operating electromagnetic spectrum is less affected by environmental changes, is promising although its distinct sensor model and noise characteristics bring open challenges when being exploited for SLAM. This paper studies the use of a Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave radar for SLAM in large-scale outdoor environments. We propose a full radar SLAM system, including a novel radar motion estimation algorithm that leverages radar geometry for reliable feature tracking. It also optimally compensates motion distortion and estimates pose by joint optimization. Its loop closure component is designed to be simple yet efficient for radar imagery by capturing and exploiting structural information of the surrounding environment. Extensive experiments on three public radar datasets, ranging from city streets and residential areas to countryside and highways, show competitive accuracy and reliability performance of the proposed radar SLAM system compared to the state-of-the-art LiDAR, vision and radar methods. The results show that our system is technically viable in achieving reliable SLAM in extreme weather conditions on the RADIATE Dataset, for example, heavy snow and dense fog, demonstrating the promising potential of using radar for all-weather localization and mapping.
Assessing the Effects of eHealth Tutorials on Older Adults’ eHealth Literacy
Authors: De Main Atami S. , Xie Bo , Shiroma Kristina , Yeh Tom , Davis Nathan , Han Xu
Published: April 2022

eHealth literacy is the ability to access, assess, and use digital health information. This study compared the effects of a multimedia tutorial versus a paper-based control in improving older adults’ eHealth literacy from pre- to posttest. A total of 99 community-dwelling older adults (63–90 years old; mean = 73.09) participated from July 2019 to February 2020. Overall, knowledge about computer/Internet terms, eHealth literacy efficacy, knowledge about the quality of health information websites, and procedural skills in computer/Internet use improved significantly from pre- to posttest. No interaction effect was found between time and group. Participants in both groups had an overwhelmingly positive attitude toward training. Their attitudes toward training approached a statistically significant difference between the two conditions: F (1, 89) = 3.75, p = .056, partial η2 = .040, with the multimedia condition showing more positive attitudes. These findings have implications for designing effective eHealth literacy interventions for older adults.
Workplace’s Development of Activities and Action Plans to Prevent Violence From Clients in High-Risk Sectors
Authors: Karlsen Iben Louise , Andersen Dorte Raaby , Jaspers Sofie Østergaard , Sønderbo Andersen Lars Peter , Aust Birgit
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Interventions trying to prevent violence from clients towards employees tend to show limited effect on the risk or the frequencies of violent episodes, possibly due to a too-narrow focus on only one or a few preventive strategies. This study aimed to show what employees and line managers identify as key intervention areas for preventing violence and threats.

Methods

The study is based on data collected during a participatory intervention study aiming to improve violence prevention in Danish psychiatric units and prison and detention centers. In the intervention study, employees and line managers from 13 work units developed 293 suggestions and 92 action plans to prevent workplace violence. Through qualitative thematic analysis of the suggestions and action plans, we identified the main categories that work units viewed as important and realistic to work with to improve violence prevention.

Results

We identified 12 topics of violence prevention that work units considered relevant. Action plan topics used by more than half of the work units included: specific approaches to violence prevention (e.g., de-escalating techniques), communication between employees to transfer knowledge between shifts, and introduction to new employees and temporary workers. Topics used by three to five work units were: interdisciplinary corporation, communication and relational work, uniform approaches, organization of work, and staffing. Topics used rarely were: definition of violence and threats, policy and guidelines, support from colleagues and management, and engagement in violence prevention. For nine of the 12 topics, action plans were developed in both high-risk sectors.

Conclusions

The violence prevention action plans developed by work units from two high-risk sectors indicate that workplaces estimate the prevention of client-induced workplace violence to require activities on many levels and cannot be solved by a single focused approach. This variety of preventive activities needs to be considered when designing violence prevention interventions.
Recurring Victimization and Same-Sex Attraction
Authors: Bradley Mindy S. , Teasdale Brent
Published: April 2022

Study Questions: People who identify as same-sex attracted (SSA) face significantly greater risk for victimization than their non-SSA counterparts. However, little distinction is made between single versus recurring victimization among the SSA population. There are no national prevalence estimates, and we do not know the extent to which disproportionate risk of victimization among SSA populations applies to recurring victimization versus single occurrences. Subjects: We analyze data from 483 survey respondents who reported same-sex attraction and 8544 respondents who do not report SSA. Methods: The current study utilizes a nationally representative sample to estimate the prevalence of single and recurring victimization among SSA populations, and compare these estimates with those found in the non-SSA population. We further investigate some possible mediating processes that may explain differences between these groups in risk for recurring victimization, drawing upon lifestyles, self-control, and minority stress frameworks. Findings indicate that SSA groups have significantly greater risk for both single and recurring physical assault victimization. Much of the disproportionate recurring victimization risk can be explained by differences in both risky lifestyles and low self-control, as well as minority stress. Implications: Recurring victimization is an important problem for SSA individuals. Prevention efforts may focus on school contexts, including the addition of Gay-Straight alliances, creating supporting peer groups, and providing supportive adult role models.
Does Childhood Maltreatment Lead to Low Life Success? Comparing Agency and Self-Reports
Authors: Najman Jake M. , Scott James G. , Farrington David P. , Clavarino Alexandra M. , Williams Gail M. , McGee Tara R. , Kisely Steve
Published: April 2022

Background

The long-term mental and physical health consequences of childhood maltreatment have been well documented. Less known are the longer-term consequences of childhood maltreatment, specifically the extent to which childhood maltreatment predicts adult life success.

Objectives

To prospectively assess the extent to which childhood experiences of physical, sexual, emotional abuse and childhood neglect predict life success at 30 years of age.

Participants and Setting

Data are from the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP), a pre-birth cohort study which follows children from conception to 30 years of age.

Methods

Details of childhood maltreatment are from two sources; child safety agency notifications (and substantiations) linked to the survey data with self-reports of childhood experiences of maltreatment obtained at the 30-year follow-up using the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Life success is a 9-item composite measure (alpha = 0.76) obtained at the 30-year follow-up. We use logistic regression models (with control for covariates) to examine the association between overall as well as specific forms of childhood maltreatment on adult life success. We further test these models using different cut-offs and propensity analyses to adjust for loss to follow-up.

Results

Childhood maltreatment whether measured by agency report or self-report predicts overall low life success; agency substantiation OR = 1.88(1.14,3.08) & self-report OR = 2.60 (2.10,3.25). Self-report physical abuse, OR = 2.37(1.72,3.28); sexual abuse, OR = 2.85(2.05,3.96); emotional abuse, OR = 2.53(1.85,3.45) and neglect, OR = 2.36(1.83,3.03) all predict higher levels of low life success.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the long-term consequences of childhood maltreatment extend to a wide range of day-to-day circumstances and extend into mid- to later life.
Association of Child Sexual Abuse Victimization and Murderous Behaviors and the Mediating Role of Psychological Adjustment among College Students in China
Authors: Li Yonghan , Yuan Mengyuan , Chang Junjie , Zhang Tingting , Chen Liru , Xie Guodie , Chen Shanshan , He Yang , Su Puyu
Published: April 2022

A history of child sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with a variety of psychological issues and conduct disorders in adolescents. However, little is known about the association between CSA and its characteristics and murderous behaviors in young adults. The purpose of this study was to examine this relationship and explore the mediating effect of psychological adjustment (PA). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 4034 college students in Anhui Province, China. The participants were invited to complete self-report questionnaires regarding the history of CSA, self-perceived PA and murderous behaviors. PA was evaluated by two of the most important indicators: resilience and emotional release. Mediation analyses were computed via parallel mediation models. Of the participants, 14.1% reported experiencing CSA. After controlling for potential confounders, CSA victimization was robustly and positively associated with murderous ideation (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.77–3.14), murderous plans (OR: 4.02, 95% CI: 2.63–6.12), murderous preparation (OR: 3.87, 95% CI: 2.37–6.31), and murderous attempts (OR: 5.35, 95% CI: 3.11–9.21). CSA victimization that was persistent and of the combined contact or noncontact types greatly increased the risk of murderous behaviors. A dose–response relationship was observed between the duration of experienced CSA and murderous behaviors. Furthermore, the results of the mediation analysis revealed that PA partially mediated the relationship between CSA victimization and murderous behaviors. Therefore, PA protects against the development of murderous behaviors in abused individuals. These findings have important implications for the prevention and intervention of murderous behaviors in adolescents who experienced CSA, highlighting the importance of considering PA as a protective role in this relationship.
Superhydrophobic polypropylene/ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer thermoplastic vulcanizates for continuous oil-water separation
Authors: Shan Xiu , Yang Linji , Huang Ping , Wang Zhaobo
Published: April 2022

Although the construction of superwettability materials for oil-water separation has become a research hotspot, it is still a thorny issue due to its easy pollution to the environment during the preparation process. In this paper, we reported the functional PP/EPDM TPV film (with a contact angle of oil and water is 0° and 157.9±2.9°) as superhydrophobic and superoleophilic materials with reproducible processing characteristics at high temperature; moreover, during the molding process the etched aluminum foil was used as a template for the preparation of functional TPV film which was used in the efficient separation treatment of oily wastewater. It should be noted that a novel method was proposed for the continuous oil-water separation via a pressure response through valve, which was different from the traditional gravity-driven method and the permeable oil-water separation. The flexible PP/EPDM TPV film was rolled up and loaded into the through valve and the gap between films was used as the pressure response channel of oil-water separation. The novel functional TPV film used in the continuous oil-water separation was recyclable, environmentally friendly, and easy to industrialize, indicating the great potential in practical applications.
Investigation of the combustion, thermal and mechanical characteristics of rigid polyurethane foam added with talc and intumescent flame retardant
Authors: Aydoğan Bilal , Yurtseven Recep , Usta Nazım
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of talc/intumescent flame retardant additions on thermal, burning, and mechanical characteristics of the rigid polyurethane foams. At this purpose, the talc which mainly includes SiO2, MgO and CaO and an intumescent flame retardant which is composed of ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol was incorporated into the foam at various weight loadings. The cone calorimeter tests, UL94 tests, thermogravimetric analyses and thermal conductivity measurements were done for investigation of the thermal and burning characteristics. In general, additions of the talc and the talc/the intumescent flame retardant enhanced the thermal and the fire resistance of the foams. However, the best fire resistance was achieved with a composition which include 10 wt % the intumescent flame retardant and 5 wt % talc. The addition of this composition resulted in 32% reduction in the total heat release value.
Barriers to COVID-19 Vaccines and Strategies to Improve Acceptability and Uptake
Authors: Nawas George T. , Zeidan Rana S. , Edwards Cole A. , El-Desoky Rania H.
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on communities across the United States (US). Three vaccines have now been granted Emergency Use Authorization by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for use in the US. However, barriers to vaccination exist, some of which are well documented in the literature, including lack of knowledge, fear, accessibility, mistrust in the healthcare system, and systemic and operational obstacles. Vaccine hesitancy in the US could potentially hinder all the efforts and resources being used to beat COVID-19, which has resulted in more than 594 000 deaths in the US per the CDC as of early June 2021. In order to overcome this pandemic, vaccine distribution and uptake is crucial. Pharmacists play a crucial role as healthcare providers as they can dismantle vaccine hesitancy and make an outstanding impact on the efforts to overcome this pandemic.
Clinical Pharmacist Led Medication Reconciliation Program in an Emergency Department Observation Unit
Authors: Cardinale Stephanie , Saraon Tajinderpal , Lodoe Nawang , Alshehry Abdullah , Raffoul Melanie , Caspers Christopher , Vider Etty
Published: April 2022

Objectives: Medication reconciliation is the process of comparing a patient’s hospital medication orders to all of the medications that the patient has been taking prior to admission. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacist-led medication reconciliation in reducing ED visit rates. The secondary aim of this study was to evaluate if a clinical pharmacist reduces medication errors in an ED observation unit (OBS). Methods: This was a retrospective, IRB approved, chart review conducted at New York University Langone Health-Tisch Hospital. The study defines the year before a clinical pharmacist was present on the unit (July 5, 2016 through July 4, 2017) as the control group and the first year a clinical pharmacist was present on the unit (July 5, 2017 through July 4, 2018) as the intervention group. The primary endpoint was 30-day ED re-visits. The secondary endpoints were 60-and 90-day ED re-visits, number, type and severity of medication history and reconciliation discrepancies. Results: The primary endpoint of 30-day ED visits occurred in 153 patients in the no pharmacist group and 88 patients in the OBS clinical pharmacist group (19.1% vs 9.9%, P < .00001). The secondary endpoint of 60- day ED visits occurred in 53 patients in the no pharmacist group and 39 patients in the OBS clinical pharmacist group (8.2% vs 4.9%, P = .01). The secondary endpoint of 90- day ED visits occurred in 31 patients in the no pharmacist group and 26 patients in the OBS clinical pharmacist group (5.2% vs 3.4%, P = .01). Conclusion: The benefits of having a clinical pharmacist perform medication reconciliation are highlighted by the reduction in ED visits, cost savings, and the prolific amount of errors corrected.
Prevalence, Microbial Etiology and Risk Factors Associated With Healthcare Associated Infections Among End Stage Renal Disease Patients on Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Abbasi Saad Hanif , Aftab Raja Ahsan , Mei Lai Pauline Siew , Lim Soo Kun , Nur Zainol Abidin Ruwaida
Published: April 2022

End stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to healthcare associated infections (HCAIs). The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, microbial etiology, and risk factors associated with HCAIs among ESRD patients on RRT. A multicenter, retrospective study was conducted from June to December 2019. ESRD patients with minimum of 6 months on RRT were included, while pregnant patients and patients <18 years were excluded. To reduce the risk of selection bias, all patients were randomly selected using a simple random sampling technique. The prevalence showing the proportion of patients that acquired HCAI since the initiation of dialysis until 2019 was calculated using the European patients’ academy (EUPATI) formula. Risk factors were assessed using univariate and multivariate regression analysis. The prevalence of HCAI among ESRD patients was 174/400 (43.5%). Catheter related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) was the most common infection [64(36.8%)], followed by peritonitis [45(25.8%)] and pneumonia [37(21.2%)]. Out of 382 total pathogens identified, 204 (53.4%) were Gram positive and 162 (42.4%) were Gram negative. Both methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) showed statistically significant associations (p<0.05) with CRBSI. Use of multiple accesses, increased blood sugar levels, low serum sodium levels and higher CRP concentration increased the occurrence of HCAIs. The burden of HCAIs among the patients undergoing RRT is high. Preventive strategies and optimum empirical therapy of antibiotics should be used to reduce the risk of these infections among ESRD patients.
Volunteering: A viable alternative work experience for university students?
Authors: Evans Carl , Yusof Zatun N
Published: April 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic reduced the availability of work placements in commercial organisations for university students and potentially changed the nature of placements in the future. Similarly, charitable organisations who were already suffering budget restrictions have been financially affected by Covid-19 due to reduced revenue on trading activities, with financial sustainability predicted to be an ongoing issue. The opportunity, therefore, for charities to entice university students to volunteer to support their work, with the lure of developing their employability skills, seems irresistible at this time. The purpose of this paper is to examine the content of job advertisements for volunteer positions to determine the extent to which they specify transferable skills desired of the candidates, or state that they can be developed once employed in the post. The underlying assumption is that, to attract student volunteers, job advertisements will need to explicitly state the transferable skills resulting from the post, since students will be focused on developing employability skills through the volunteering activity to support their graduate careers. The paper offers originality by conducting a content analysis of volunteer jobs and assessing the specified criteria against recognised employability skills. It concludes by challenging charities, students and universities to embrace the opportunity for students to develop transferable skills through volunteering by modifying current practices.
Acoustic roughness measurement of railway tracks: Implementation of an optical measurement approach & possible improvements to the standard
Authors: Mauz Florian , Wigger Remo , Wahl Tobias , Kuffa Michal , Wegener Konrad
Published: April 2022

The measure for assessing the acoustic quality of the rail surfaces, the acoustic roughness, is defined in the EN 15610 standard. It is shown that this standard contains gaps with regard to the applied procedures for processing the raw data to the quantity of acoustic roughness. Additions to the standard appear necessary to ensure better comparability of the results. A piece of rail tactilely measured by METAS (Swiss Federal Institute of Metrology) was used as a reference. Measurement data recorded by a laser triangulation sensor was used to quantify the adjustments to the standard. This paper provides an overview of the individual processing steps and systematically examines possible additions to the standard to improve the quality of the outcome. Special emphasis was given to a method for outlier removal, pre-filtering, spike removal, curvature correction and calculation of one-third octave bands. It becomes apparent that different implementations can have a significant impact on the final result. The filter used, the wavelength ranges, the methodology for removing outliers should be specified. The spike removal, curvature correction and the calculation of the one-third octave bands should be supplemented in detail to reduce ambiguities in the implementation.
Dynamic manipulability measure for on-orbit manipulation by frictional contacts
Authors: Chen Li , Zheng Zixuan , Yuan Jianping
Published: April 2022

Due to unilateral constraints of frictional contacts and the dynamic coupling phenomenon, the study on the unfixed manipulation through frictional contacts for multi-arm space robots is few carried out. This paper proposes a new measure method to assess the dynamic manipulability of the unfixed manipulation through frictional contacts. In particular, the explicit map from the base actuation and joint torques to the object acceleration, the base acceleration, and the internal force is formulated under unilateral constraints of frictional contacts. Considering typical control scenarios of both free-floating and free-flying systems, dynamic manipulabilities are derived separately. As an illustrative example, the dynamic manipulability of a planar dual-arm space robot is computed and reported, which visualizes the influence of different system parameters.
Aerodynamic limits air injection for heavy-duty gas turbine: Compressor aerodynamic limits for power augmentation and ramp-up capabilities
Authors: Szymanski Artur , Igie Uyioghosa , Hamilton Richard
Published: April 2022

Improved operational flexibility of gas turbines can play a major role in stabilising the electric power grid, by backing up intermittent renewable power. Gas turbines offer on-demand power and fast dispatch of power that is vital when renewable power reduces. This has brought about increasing demand to improve the ramp-up rate of gas turbines. One approach is through the injection of compressed air from energy storage or an auxiliary compressor. This method is the focus of the present work, which shows for the first time, the implications and limits of compressor air injection in a high-fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics model (CFD). The 3D multi-stage model of the compressor was developed in ANSYS CFX v19.2, while the boundary conditions related to the injection cases have been obtained from a corresponding 0D engine model. The upper limits to air injection determine how much air can be injected into the engine, providing indicative values of power augmentation and ramp-up rate capabilities. These have been previously addressed by the authors using 0D models that do not consider the compressor aerodynamics in great detail. The CFD study has shown that for power augmentation, 16% of compressed air (based on compressor exit) is allowed based on the onset of stall. It also shows that increasing air injection amplifies losses, blockage factor and absolute velocity angle. Also, about 30% of the blade span from the hub is dominated by a rise in the total pressure loss coefficient, except the outlet guide vane for which separation occurs at the tip. For the ramp-up rate analysis, up to 10% air injection is shown to be sustainable. The work shows that the improvements in the 0D analytical engine model are plausible, in addition to demonstrating similar limits at different ambient temperatures.
Synergistic effect of montmorillonite and nano-Sb2O3/brominated polystyrene on the flame retardancy of polypropylene matrix composites
Authors: Xu Jianlin , Liu Xiaoqi , Ren Shibo , Kang Chenghu , Niu Lei
Published: April 2022

Sb2O3 nanoparticles (nano-Sb2O3), montmorillonite (MMT) and brominated polystyrene (BPS) were used to enhance flame retardancy of polypropylene (PP) in the work, in which nano-Sb2O3 was modified by cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and polyethylene glycol and MMT was modified by silane coupling agent. PP matrix flame retardant composites were prepared by melt blending after pre-mixing by high energy ball milling technique. Then, the flame retardancy, thermal stability behaviour, crystallization performance and tensile strength of PP matrix composites (nano-Sb2O3/MMT/BPS-PP, nano-Sb2O3/BPS-PP) were investigated. The results show that MMT can significantly improve the thermal stability and flame retardancy of PP matrix due to improving the strength of char layer and forming barrier effect. Compared with 3.5%nano-Sb2O3/8%BPS-PP composites, the limiting oxygen index of 3.5%nano-Sb2O3/3%MMT/8%BPS-PP composites was increased from 26.9% to 29.0% and its UL94 grade was achieved to V-0 level. Moreover, MMT and nano-Sb2O3 can increase the crystallinity and tensile strength of PP matrix composites because of the heterogeneous nucleation effect of MMT and nano-Sb2O3 particles on the crystallization of PP matrix.
An Instrumental Variable Approach for Head Start Attendance on Low Income Children
Authors: Lee Kyunghee , Nakamura Ryota , Rispoli Kristin , Norman Mackenzie
Published: April 2022

Purpose: This study examined (1) the causal impact of Head Start on children’s comprehensive outcomes and (2) why families did not comply to the original assignment. Method: Based on the Head Start Impact Study data, children between the ages of 3 and 4 years ( N = 3780) were examined for assignment, attendance, and causal impacts on outcomes. Results: Effect of instrumental variable analysis was greater than that of assignment and attendance for measured outcomes. Assignment to the Head Start, older child age (age 4 over age 3), urban residence, and higher family income were associated with non-compliance. Inclusion of care quality into the model illustrated important nuances in predicting families’ compliance with Head Start versus control condition. Discussion: Head Start participation among low income children should be maintained for its positive causal effects on children. Quality of childcare as well as several child and family barriers to access to Head Start needs to be addressed to enhance Head Start enrollment.
The Teaching and Learning of Communication Skills in Social Work Education
Authors: Reith-Hall Emma , Montgomery Paul
Published: April 2022

Purpose: This article presents a systematic review of research into the teaching and learning of communication skills in social work education. Methods: We conducted a systematic review, adhering to the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews for Interventions and PRISMA reporting guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Results: Sixteen records reporting on fifteen studies met the eligibility criteria. Studies consisted of randomised trials and quasi-experimental designs. Outcome measures included knowledge, attitudes and skills. Significant heterogeneity meant a narrative synthesis rather than meta-analysis was undertaken. Systematic communication skills training supports the development of students’ communication skills including the demonstration of expressed empathy and interviewing skills. Discussion: The existing body of literature is limited but promising. Researchers conducting studies into communication skills training should seek to carry out robust and rigorous outcomes-focused studies. Further investigation into the theoretical underpinnings of the educational interventions and the roles played by key stakeholders is also required.
Ethics Roundtable: How Much is Too Much?
Authors: Theodoro Mariana F. , Hays Jacinda , DiBartolomeo Mara , Carter Brian
Published: April 2022

How should the medical team approach care for a very preterm infant with a significant painful and life-limiting condition when the parents wish to pursue all life-sustaining therapies? Here, we discuss a case of an infant born at 28 weeks’ gestation with a diagnosis of Carmi syndrome (junctional epidermolysis bullosa and pyloric atresia). While the medical team felt that a do-not-resuscitate order and redirection to comfort care were appropriate, the family held on to hope for recovery and wished to continue with full intensive care measures.
The Role of the Palliative Medicine Clinician in the Family Conference
Authors: Vendetta Lindsay , Vig Elizabeth , Kross Erin , Merel Susan E.
Published: April 2022

Facilitating a family conference is a core skill for a palliative medicine clinician, yet the role of the palliative medicine consultant in a family conference has not been clearly defined in the literature. Most educational articles describe a structured approach to a family conference that focuses on the role of the person leading the conference, who may be a palliative medicine specialist or a member of the primary team caring for the patient. For the palliative medicine clinician, balancing the roles of communication facilitator and palliative consultant is nuanced and requires a specific framework and set of skills. In this article, we review the literature on family conferences focusing on facilitation and communication by the palliative care consultant during the conferences, and outline specific ways the palliative medicine clinician can contribute to family conferences. Our hope is that this framework helps guide palliative medicine clinicians and others seeking more specialized training in palliative medicine to be more intentional with their contributions to family conferences in the future. We also hope that this framework will help palliative medicine educators training future specialists.
TRENDS: Diploma divide: Educational attainment and the realignment of the American electorate
Authors: Zingher Joshua N
Published: April 2022

The divide between college graduates and non-college graduates is an increasingly important political cleavage. In this paper, I document the rise of the diploma divide on the micro and macro levels. First, I use ANES and CES data to assess the relationships between educational attainment, partisanship, and vote choice. I find that post-2000, educational attainment is an increasingly strong predictor of partisanship and, in turn, vote choice. I demonstrate that differences in racial and culture war attitudes between college graduates and non-graduates drive the diploma divide. I then show that the increasing salience of education at the individual level has reshaped the macro-level political alignment. Between 2000 and 2020, the percentage of a county’s population with a BA is one of the strongest predictors of changes in vote share, with highly educated counties becoming more Democratic and less educated counties becoming more Republican. Finally, I demonstrate that county-level educational context conditions the effect of degree-holding on individual-level behavior. Having a college education is a stronger predictor of Democratic partisanship in counties where a larger proportion of the population holds a college degree. Overall, these results demonstrate the diploma divide is one of the dominant political cleavages in contemporary American politics.
Analysis of the vibration of a cracked ferromagnetic rectangular plate in a transverse magnetic field
Authors: Wang Yun-Shih , Shih Yan-Shin
Published: April 2022

The vibration of a cracked rectangular plate that is subject to an in-plane force and a transverse magnetic field and is simply supported at all its edges is considered. Based on the von Kármán plate theory, the equation of motion, including an in-plane force, a transverse magnetic field, and a damping coefficient, is derived. This study focused only on the first mode of natural frequency in the vibration. The nonlinear natural frequency is affected by the crack length and aspect ratio. These results are observed to be similar to those reported in the literature. The equations of vibration are reduced to an ordinary differential equation by assuming mode shape and using the Galerkin method. The natural frequency is determined using an ordinary different equation. Using the Runge–Kutta method, the amplitude–time, and velocity–amplitude relationships are determined. The effects of several vibrational parameters—such as the in-plane force, transverse magnetic field, damping coefficient, and crack length—on a cracked plate are considered and discussed in this study. The vibration of plate has been one of the interesting fields of research. Although vibration characteristics of cracked plate have extensively been performed, and have given rise to notable scientific achievements, the vibration of ferromagnetic crack plate is yet to be explored. The derivation in this study determines the vibration of a cracked rectangular plate in a magnetic field and is presented to bring out the effects of crack ratio on vibration.
Five Approaches to Understanding Interpersonal Competence: A Review and Integration
Authors: Persich Michelle R. , Robinson Michael D.
Published: April 2022

Social connectedness has been linked to beneficial outcomes across domains, ages, and cultures. However, not everyone receives these benefits, as there are large individual differences in the capacities required to create and sustain functional interpersonal relationships. A great deal of research has been devoted to assessing and understanding these differences, often focusing on how competent interpersonal behavior renders it more likely that one will succeed interpersonally. The current paper examines five relevant approaches that have emerged from personality (global traits), social (social cognition), clinical (social skills interventions), developmental (social information processing), and industrial/organizational (situation judgment) areas of psychology. A comparison of these approaches highlights important considerations related to bandwidth and fidelity, whether the focus should be on overt behavior or underlying processes, and whether to emphasize tendencies or their effectiveness. The review concludes with calls for greater integration efforts, which can capitalize on strengths inherent to different approaches.
Failure mechanisms of corrugated sandwich panels under transverse three-point bending
Authors: Xia Fukun , Tan PJ , Ruan Dong
Published: April 2022

The failure mechanism of corrugated sandwich panels under three-point bending is investigated experimentally and numerically using ABAQUS/Standard. Three dominant modes of failure, viz. face buckling, face yielding and core buckling, previously reported by others, were also identified here and they were found to be affected by the face-sheet thickness, core height and the corrugation angle of the panel. It will be shown that the deformation map, and regime boundaries, theoretically predicted previously by Valdevit et al. are valid only for restricted cases when the indenter and support pins are simultaneously located at a vertex; their prediction breaks down if this condition is not met and alternative failure maps will be developed here. The indenter nose shape (flat and cylindrical), size of the indenter and the location of indentation – these were not previously investigated by others – will be shown to play a significant role on the mode of failure that a panel subsequently develops.
Extended time window mechanical thrombectomy for pediatric acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Aburto-Murrieta Yolanda , Méndez Beatriz , Marquez-Romero Juan M
Published: April 2022

Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains an off-label procedure seldom utilized in the pediatric population; this holds especially true for patients presenting outside the standard 6-hour time window. In this review we describe the published literature regarding usage of the extended time window EVT in pediatric stroke. We searched PubMed for all pediatric AIS cases and case series that included patients treated with extended time window EVT. We found data from 38 cases found in 27 publications (15 case reports and 12 case series). The median age was 10 years; 60.5% males. The median NIHSS before EVT was 13 with a median time-to-treatment of 11 hours. The posterior circulation was involved in 50.0%. Stent retrievers were used in 68.5%, and aspiration in 13.2%. Angiographic outcome TICI ≥2B was achieved in 84.2%, whereas TICI˂2B was reported in 10.6%. A favorable clinical outcome (NIHSS score ≤4, modified Rankin score ≤1, or Pediatric Stroke Outcome measure score ≤1) occurred in 84.2%. Eight cases that did not report the clinical outcome employing a standardized scale described mild to absent neurological residual deficits. This study found data that supports that extended window EVT produces high recanalization rates and good clinical outcomes in pediatric patients with AIS. Nevertheless, the source materials are indirect and contain substantial inconsistencies with an increased risk of bias that amount to low evidence strength.
Is populism popular abroad? Evidence from diasporas around the globe
Authors: Turcu Anca , Urbatsch R
Published: April 2022

Populist parties—which typically denounce migrants, globalization, and policy outcomes appreciated by emigrants, and which in turn typically make few efforts to persuade or mobilize expatriate citizens—are likely to see lower vote shares among those voting from abroad. Legislative election results from fifty countries worldwide confirm the hypothesis that more populist parties tend to receive lower shares of out-of-country than of in-country votes: low-populism parties receive roughly the same vote share abroad as they do domestically, while high-populism parties on average receive a third less of the diaspora vote than they do of the domestic vote.
Chisme, lo cotidiano and disruptive gameplay
Authors: DeAnda Michael Anthony
Published: April 2022

On 12 February 2014, an unknown Australian developer colloquially known as ‘Streamer’ launched Twitch Plays Pokémon, an emulation of Pokémon Red experimentally modified for collaborative play through an online streaming platform, Twitch. During the run of the game, the number of players simultaneously feeding commands into the game yielded some odd in-game behaviors: the avatar would aimlessly pace, give random strings as nicknames to pokémon, and attempt to use items at improper moments. To provide context for this absurd gameplay, players narrativized Twitch Plays Pokémon. What began with a frantic avatar constantly and incorrectly trying to use items in pokémon battles became a messianic tale of good and evil. In this article, I read Twitch Plays Pokémon through methods developed from Latina theology. I argue that when analyzed through lo cotidiano (daily life) and chisme (gossip), Twitch Plays Pokémon underscores experimental games as spaces to collaboratively disrupt privileged readings of cultural texts and assumed uses of technologies. Using lo cotidiano, I discuss how games train players towards certain uses of technologies, privileging these logics in daily lived interactions with technological affordances. I then demonstrate how Twi tch Plays Pokémon disrupts the expected play of video games. I use chisme as a critical lens for metacognition and collaborative meaning-making to frame the fan-created Lord Helix narrative generated amidst Twitch Plays Pokémon. Reading the emergent player behaviors as chisme allows me to account for the nuances of fan labor, seeing it as knowledge that is created through experience and then shared, tested, and scrutinized through communities.
Consumer nationalism in digital space: A case study of the 2017 anti-lotte boycott in China
Authors: Liao Sara , Xia Grace
Published: April 2022

This study advances the understanding of consumer nationalism through an analysis of a Chinese boycott of South Korean goods. In early 2017, Chinese internet users expressed their strong aversion to the South Korean conglomerate Lotte and coordinated a folk boycott against it on the grounds that Lotte supported South Korea’s deployment of the U.S. Terminal High Altitude Area Defense missile system, which China considered a threat. We explored the increasing convergence of consumer activities in the form of consumer nationalism with commercial entities’ marketing strategies and also with the state’s interests with respect to security and promoting national pride. The internet and new technologies have facilitated grassroots nationalist activities in terms of the ready circulation of information and mobilization of collective actions. We investigated a digital discursive space in the communicative interactions among stakeholders through which digital media not only amplify the scale and intensity of the mundane and everyday practice of nationalism but also blur the boundaries among the participating actors. Our research documented the multilateral relationships among stakeholders – individual consumers/media users, commercial entities, and the state – in practicing nationalism and reproducing the nation through (non)consumption.
The ‘connected migrant’: A scoping review
Authors: Moran Claire
Published: April 2022

Since 2015, academic enquiry into the ‘Connected Migrant’ has proliferated globally. This scholarship has demonstrated the significant role that digital media play in the decision-making, information-seeking and community-building processes pre-, during and post-migration. This review contributes to the expanding field of Digital Migration Studies by summarising the academic literature on the ‘Connected Migrant’, to thematically explore how digital media is used by displaced migrants globally. Using a scoping review, this paper presents the literature (75 studies) by mapping the key findings using the different ‘stages’ of migration – displacement, arrival and settlement – to explore the benefits, threats, challenges and opportunities that exist for displaced migrants who use digital media. This paper finds that displaced migrants rely on the use of digital media at all stages of the migrant journey, utilising an abundance of technological affordances that are integral to navigating displacement, arrival, and settlement. However, digital media also pose a threat to displaced migrants who, often already disadvantaged, may have their locations tracked and their data surveilled. This paper concludes with a summary of the scholarly challenges faced by researchers and anticipated future directions in the field.
How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic admissions? A single-center, retrospective study
Authors: Ayraler Taner Hande , Akın Sarı Burcu , Kaba Duygu
Published: April 2022

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures for controlling the pandemic adversely affected child and adolescent mental health; however, studies that examined the effects of the pandemic on child and adolescent mental health services are limited. This study aimed to determine the changes in admission to a child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic (CAPOC) in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the previous year.

Methods:

In this study, the information regarding admissions to Başkent University Faculty of Medicine’s CAPOC between March 2019 and March 2021 was examined. Information including age, sex, admission date, the form of admission (first admission/follow-up), and the diagnosis was obtained from the electronic medical record system and the differences between the pre-pandemic period and the pandemic period were assessed.

Results:

It was found that during the pandemic, there was a decrease in CAPOC admissions; however, both female admissions and median age increased compared with the previous year. Also, admissions due to obsessive-compulsive disorder and somatic symptom-related disorders increased.

Conclusions:

Although there were fewer CAPOC admissions during the pandemic period compared with the pre-pandemic period, there were differences between the age, sex, and diagnosis distributions of the patients between the pandemic and the pre-pandemic period. Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on CAPOC admissions will help plan child and adolescent mental health protective measures.