bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validação de tecnologias da indústria 4.0 na operação logística em uma siderúrgica mediante o uso de simulação computacional
Authors: Toledo Hernandez Cecília , Bianchini Silva Paulo Vitor , Da Silva Christo Eliane , Alonso Costa Kelly , Rios de Paula Marília
Published: January 2024

A produção do aço gera resíduos sendo um deles a escória de alto forno, que tem sua principal aplicação na fabricação de cimentos. A movimentação da escória de alto forno ocorre por meio de uma logística rodoviária complexa, a partir de caminhões ou carretas basculantes. A indústria 4.0 viabilizou diversas soluções para os mais diversos segmentos, entre eles a logística, que permitem obter ganhos operacionais e econômicos. É objetivo deste artigo mostrar os ganhos obtidos mediante a avaliação de soluções da indústria 4.0 na operação e transporte da escória de altos fornos em uma planta siderúrgica. Foi utilizada a simulação computacional para estabelecer cenários e testar diferentes modelos. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante questionários, observações e análises de documentos. Foram testados 4 cenários diferentes que se alternam entre a produção atual e uma produção máxima, com o uso ou não das ferramentas da solução da indústria 4.0 a fim de obter o melhor dimensionamento de recursos. Como resultados foram identificadas 3 soluções de tecnologias da indústria 4.0 e uma delas testada com duas de suas ferramentas em 4 cenários diferentes. Esses cenários foram simulados mostrando ganhos econômicos de 15 a 30% quando adotadas as soluções da indústria 4.0. Os ganhos também podem ser vistos na maior disponibilidade dos recursos e menor tempo de ciclo para as operações. O modelo de simulação computacional desenvolvido e validado pode ser replicado em outras situações e pode ser adaptado em outros casos da logística respeitando as mudanças pertinentes e suas premissas.
Impact of the ketogenic diet on body fat, muscle mass, and exercise performance: a review
Authors: Chung Nana
Published: January 2024

[Purpose] The purpose of this review was to investigate the effects of the ketogenic diet (KD), on body fat, muscle mass, and exercise performance. As the KD is a subject of ongoing debate, we also present the existing evidence regarding its potential benefits in the aforementioned areas of body fat, muscle mass, and exercise performance.[Methods] A literature search was conducted using the keywords “ketogenic diet, low-carbohydrate diet, high-fat diet, body fat, muscle mass, and exercise performance” in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.[Results] The KD effectively reduced body fat in the short term and, preserved muscle mass during weight loss, however, its impact on exercise performance remains inconclusive owing to various factors.[Conclusion] While controversial, it is undeniable that the KD has the potential to affect body fat, muscle mass, and exercise performance. Consequently, additional research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms across various populations, optimize their implementation, and understand their long-term effects.
Estimation of peak oxygen consumption in individuals with spinal cord injury patients using multiple linear regression analysis: a preliminary study
Authors: Choi Hyun-Hee , Ahn Hana , Jung Won-Sang
Published: January 2024

[Purpose] This study aims to develop a regression model to estimate peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) by employing different variables.[Methods] In this study, 34 participants were divided into two groups: 19 with cervical injury (CI) and 15 with thoracic injury (TI). Key measurements included VO2peak and related factors such as age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), fat-free mass, body fat percentage, limb and trunk circumferences, spinal cord independence (SCIM III), Korean activities of daily living (K-ADL), and respiratory functions (forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV)). Statistical analyses were conducted using forward selection regression to examine the relationships between these variables.[Results] Height, calf circumference, SCIM III score, and PEF were key variables in all patients with SCI (TSCI). For patients with CI, the key variables were height, calf circumference, and MVV, whereas for patients with TI, the key variable was calf circumference. The average explanatory powers of the VO2peak regression model for TSCI were 70.3% (R2) and 66.2% (adjusted R2), with an average standard error of estimate (SEE) of 2.94 ml/kg/min. The average explanatory power for patients with CI was 71.7% (R2) and 66.1% (adjusted R2), with an average SEE of 1.88 ml/kg/min. The average explanatory power for patients with TI was 55.9% (R2) and 52.5% (adjusted R2), with an average SEE of 3.41 ml/kg/min. There was no significant difference between the VO2peak measured and predicted VO2peak for each type of injury.[Conclusion] The regression model for estimating VO2peak in SCI patients in this preliminary study is as follows: TSCI=39.684–0.144×(Height)–0.513×(Calf)+0.136×(SCIM III)+1.187×(PEF), CI=38.842–0 .158×(Height) – 0.371×(Calf)+0.093×(MVV), TI=42.325–0.813×(Calf).
A sport supplement candidate of Erigeron breviscapus extract regulates lipogenesis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Kim Kibong , Baek Suji , Ko Solomon , Moon Seungjae , Lee Kang Pa , Ahn Sanghyun
Published: January 2024

[Purpose] One of the urgent research projects in exercise science should focus on sports supplements for obese people who lack exercise and physical activity. In this study, we explored the efficacy in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mice models using a Korean herbal medicine Erigeron breviscapus (EB).[Methods] Gene ontology analyses of active compounds in EB were performed using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and Cytoscape program, respectively. PA-induced acid (PA) induced-lipid droplets in HepG2 cells were analyzed using a 3D-hologram. To analyze the fat-suppressing efficacy of EB in animal experiments, NAFLD was induced through a 24-week high-fat diet. Subsequently, the same diet was continued for an additional 8 weeks, with concurrent co-administration of drugs for efficacy analysis. In the 8-week experiment, mice were administered saline alone, metformin (17 mg/kg/day), or EB (26 mg/kg/day). The mice were sacrificed and the liver tissue was isolated. The liver tissues were stained with H&E and specific antibodies such as sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ (PPAR-γ).[Results] Seventeen EB-active compounds were identified by whole-body analysis. EB downregulated lipid droplets in PA-treated HepG2 cells. EB regulates lipid accumulation in liver tissue of HFD-fed NAFLD mice Metformin and EB significantly reduced the expression of SREBP-1 and PPAR-γ in liver tissue.[Conclusion] We suggest that EB is a candidate for the management of NAFLD and is an effective exercise supplement owing to its ability to inhibit lipid accumulation.
China and The U.S.: Moving Towards Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Beletskaya M.
Published: January 2024

This article compares the two largest economies of the world and the leading global actors – the United States and China – from the point of view of progress towards the sustainable development goals (SDGs), adopted in 2015 by the UN General Assembly as a ‘plan for achieving a better and more sustainable future for all’. The comparison was based on data from SDG indices developed as part of a project led by Jeffrey Sachs. According to the integral index, China still lags behind the United States, but is rapidly improving its position. Based on the consideration of all 17 SDGs, it is shown that for 3 SDGs, China’s indicators are noticeably superior to the United States, for 5 SDGs, China lags behind the United States, and indicators for the remaining SDGs are close by. The analysis made it possible to conclude that progress towards the SDGs for the USA and China is interconnected. Despite all the differences between the countries under consideration, common areas of success (quality education, poverty eradication, industrialization, innovation and infrastructure) and areas of lag (reducing inequality, preserving marine ecosystems, preserving terrestrial ecosystems) are identified. It is shown that China has historically demonstrated centralized and hierarchical schemes, operating primarily on a top-down basis, which allows for the initial establishment of a holistic and balanced approach and ensuring consistency in the implementation of plans. The US is characterized by a bottom-up approach that allows for greater flexibility, initiative and responsibility at the corporate and local levels. At the same time, US policy in the area of SDGs largely depends on the political attitudes of the administration in power. The multidimensional nature of the mutual dependence of the economies of the United States and China, the direct or indirect influence of these largest economies in the world, necessitate increasing coordination of actions and correlation of policies. The complexity of the transition to sustainable development and the inability of one country to completely solve them on their own leads to the need for coordinated and complementary policies. Therefore, it is necessary to consider ways to achieve the SDGs in the broad context of cooperation between interested countries.
Development of the Hungarian Armed Forces and Defence-Industrial Complex: The Strategy of V. Orbán’s Government
Authors: Teremetskiy K.
Published: January 2024

The article examines Hungary’s modernization of Armed Forces and expansion of the capabilities of the country’s defence-industrial complex (DIC). Using the neorealistic paradigm, the author analyzes the main directions in which the Hungarian army and the MIC developed during the leadership of the Prime Minister Viktor Orbán. The 10-year development program of the Hungarian Defence Forces – Zrínyi – involves a significant increase in their capabilities by 2026. Official plans to expand and modernize the DIC include the target to make the Hungarian state one of the leaders of the defense industry in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) by 2030. The main partners in this area are going to be companies not only from the member states of the European Union (Germany, France and the Czech Republic), but also from Turkey and Israel. Reforming the army and increasing the technological level of the DIC are primarily aimed at strengthening the country’s economy and protecting the state borders and Hungarian citizens both in Hungary itself and in Ukraine, in Transcarpathia. At the same time, the Prime Minister V. Orbán is confident that NATO’s actions can only be aimed at self-defense. This is related to the refusal of the Hungarian authorities to supply weapons to Kiev. However, Hungary is not only strengthening mechanized troops (German Lynx infantry fighting vehicles, Turkish Gidrán armored personnel carriers), the country’s Air Force (Swedish Saab JAS 39 Gripen aircraft) and Air Defense (Norwegian–American NASAMS anti-aircraft missile complex), but also, reflecting on the experience of the conflict in Ukraine, returns to the use of artillery, considers the possibility of producing drones and more ammunition on its territory, and also wants to increase the offensive potential of its Armed Forces thanks to modern multiple rocket launchers like HIMARS. Despite the fact that Hungary, according to V. Orbán, is on the side of the ‘peace party’, in the future, as part of NATO in the CEE region, there will be a modernized army with a proper defence-industrial complex, ready for a ‘new generation’ conflict. The Hungarian political opposition in turn advocates for military assistance to Ukraine and curtailing relations with Russia, while being actively encouraged by the United States.
Committing An Affair In The Marriage Life: Readers’ Interpretation Of Virginia Woolf’s "the Legacy”
Authors: Trisnawati Ririn Kurnia
Published: January 2024

Producing the interpretation of a literary work can be done by giving responses toward the work and employing the subjective criticism, one strain of the reader-response theory, can analyze that interpretation. This paper was aimed at describing and analyzing individual responses and die communal interpretations produced by the readers of Virginia Woolf s "The Legacy", particularly toward its theme about the affair case happened in the marriage life. It was also to find out the involvement of die subjective motive die readers possessed toward the production of their individual responses and the communal interpretations. The findings show that the readers produced individual responses along with the symbolization of their subjective motive, in terms of the personal experience of affair case in the marriage life, the personal belief about that affair and love, and the reading experience. In those individual responses, it was found both the identical and the various individual responses formed by the readers. The production of this identical  response involved the identical symbolization of the readers' subjective motive. The readers also had gone through the communal discussion and they approved two communal interpretations. Firstly, Angela's affair was common due to her unhappy marriage life condition. The reason was because the readers had experiences affair case similar to Angela's affair and her unhappy marriage life. This similar condition between Angela's affair and readers' personal experience influenced the readers to accept that as the communal interpretation. Secondly, the direct and indirect personal experience of affair case could cause a different position in responding to Angela's affair. It was because the distance the readers had. Another point was revealed that the readers had involved their subjective motive as the symbolization consciously.
An Analysis of Embedded Clauses in Sidney Sheldon's NOTHING LASTS FOREVER” And Their Translation in Indonesian
Authors: Anshori Adam
Published: January 2024

This research aims at describing how the English embedded clauses lexicogrammatically  realized in the HI version of the novel, to discover the interpretation of the English-BI embedded clause representations in the context of language variations of novel texts, and to count the percentage of each class of English embedded clauses with relative pronouns and their translation in BI.This research applies a descriptive method it means that the researcher only collects the data, analyzes them and draws conclusions from the analyzed data. The source of the data consists of the novel Nothing Lasts Forever by Sidney Sheldon and its translation in Indonesian Tiada Yang Abadi by Hendarto Setiadi. A sample of 91 relative pronouns was established using the purposive sampling technique.The findings of the study show that 89.01% of the English embedded clauses with relative pronouns are translated into BI relative pronoun yang. There are also English embedded clauses which are translated with BI words other than yang and English embedded clauses with relative pronouns which have no equivalents in Indonesian, Their percentages are 6.59% and 4.39%.The English embedded clauses with relative pronouns which are translated into BI words other than yang are classified into 3 types. English embedded clauses with relative pronouns translated into 1)conjunction, 2)prepositionand3) other equivalent word in BI. There are also3 types of English embedded clauses with relative pronouns which have no equivalent in BI. They are 1) English relative pronouns which have no equivalent in BI, 2) English embedded clauses which have no equivalent in BI and 3) The whole sentence which has an English embedded clause in it has no equivalents in BI. The translator may also change the complexity of some sentences by changing complex sentences into compound ones, and thus made them more readable.
Challenging the Future with Education
Authors: Nugroho Kuncoro Asih
Published: January 2024

The paper discusses the possible ways' of improving the quality of education in Indonesia in the future. It starts with the background describing die reality of the education nowadays and the need of making changing in any aspect of education.To yield better products of education, there must be improvements in the process of education, in which each components of education system should interact one another. Besides, the purpose of education should be clear and inclusive which does not only concern in the cognitive side but also in affective and psychomotor sides. After setting the purpose of education there must be a change in education paradigm as well. We have to see that education is a means to make students mature in their life. To generate change, innovations must be made by any parties of education process. Especially teachers should always innovate their teaching method so that the result of their teaching process will be maximum. Last but not least, education should ensure the output and the outcome. When the aspects above mentioned are well carried out, education will not only yield better output, which has good grades or marks, but it will also yield better outcome which will not find difficulties in getting the first job.
Code-Switching as a Multilingual Strategy in Conversations among Indonesian Graduate Dtudents in the US
Authors: Pujiastuti Ani
Published: January 2024

Choosing what language to use and what cultural values to adopt may be problematic for international students undertaking cross-border studies in the U.S. This –problem occurs simply because the students bring with them the various cultural values and beliefs, and language-related identities with them in a new linguistic environment. This paper aims at identifying the major patterns of language use among Indonesian students in the U.S. and the reasons of Indonesian students in choosing particular languages in conversations.The study involved eighteen Indonesian students undertaking master and doctoral studies in some American universities. The survey and interview methods are used to gather the data. The results of the survey and interview disprove my previous prediction that the inter-or intrapersonal mechanism, such as community or institutional norms, accommodation, politeness, physical condition such as fatigue or laziness, and rationality may determine the speakers' language choices. This study indicated that that Indonesians in the U.S. might be aware of the importance of influences such as, cultural values that may directly or indirectly impact the language preference, and some unpredictable and violable arrangements for language choice, such as exclusion/inclusion of others in addition to the apparent communal perception of English as the accepted institutional and social password in the U.S. Additionally, I learned that the students' multilingual strategy was reflected in. their ability to 'play safe' in using the languages in multilingual interactions, by selecting the most comfortable languages in conversations without neglecting others who were within their earshot.
Meaning and Translation
Authors: Nugroho Andy Bayu
Published: January 2024

Translation is an effort of finding equivalent meaning of a text into the second language. We emphasis meaning equivalence since in translation meaning is the object to be rendered from the source language text into the target language text. In this case, translator is faced with a text as units of meaning in the form of sets of words or sentences.The main question in translation is of meaning which always appears in the process of translation, not translation as a product of the process. Translating a text from the source text(ST) must consider the closest natural equivalent meaning, it implies that the meaning of the target text must be equivalent with that of the source.Meaning is classified into two kinds, referential meaning and connotative meaning. A translator must be aware of which meaning is possibly intended by the author.  Beside, it should also be paid attention on the components embedded in a certain unit of meaning. By understanding the components of meaning of the source language expressions a translator can make the best decision related to the components.
Creating A Standardized Test For The Vocational High School English Final Examination: An Alternative
Authors: Ashadi Ashadi
Published: January 2024

The final examination has a significant impact on all stakeholders in corresponding education. It has become a general measurement of success among them and the results reflect the students' and teachers' performance. The ministry of education has selected TOEIC as the vocational high school English final examination in response to the implementation of the Competency-Based Curriculum since 2004. The last two trials of the examinations created a lot of controversies both in the number of failures and their implications to scoring system.This article conveys reasonable objections to the adoption of international wide scale testing to the English education in Indonesia. Several issues will be addressed to the concern which leads to these failures including the decision to apply TOEIC to measure students' language competencies, the ethical issues in language testing, validity and reliability. These all lead to further idea of the construction of a good standardized English test as high school English final examination.
Hawthorne's Attitudes Toward His Ancestors' Religious Belief As Reflected In "Young Goodman Brown"
Authors: Anggraeni Niken
Published: January 2024

This paper discusses Hawthorne's attitudes toward his ancestor's religious belief depicted in his work "Young Goodman Brown". The analysis is conducted by using sociological approach as this approach concentrates on the social context of writing or on die literary text and its social meaning. It also explores the relationship between the artist and society as this approach believes that the writers are part of the world they describe. Thus, the biographical sketch of the author is also presented to support the analysis.Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that "Young Goodman Brown" reveals Hawthome's skepticism toward Puritanism, his ancestors' religious belief. The main character's inner conflict dealing with his religious belief portrays the writer's question on the worth of the very strict doctrine that his ancestors possessed. Expressing his anti-Puritan view, he creates the setting of the story which reminds his audience of the outrageous trials conducted by Puritans in 1692 known as Salem Witch Trials. He also borrows the characters' names from the victims of those trials. The downfall of his tragic hero caused by his distrustful feeling toward his own religion also indicates Hawthome's skepticism to Puritanism.
Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye: When Beaaty Turns Out To Be Hegenomy
Authors: Trisnawati Ririn Kurnia
Published: January 2024

The United States of America is a race-conscious society that those who are colored (as opposed to white) have generally been put in inferior positions and treated accordingly. Consequently, apparently White Anglo Saxon Protestants (WAPS)has been inherently put as the dominant group whereas the African American is consciously placed as one of the subordinate ones. Theory of hegemony proposed by Antonio Gramscihas been believed as a means to understand the position of the superior and the inferior groups in the society. Meanwhile, the concept of beauty is an example of cultural institution; hence, the standard of beauty is based on the dominant group e.g. White people, so there is the White beauty standard as a means of hegemonic practice in the American society. This phenomenon is thoughtfully depicted by Toni Morrison in The Bluest Eye. Therefore, this writing aims at describing the phenomena when beauty turns out to be the hegemonic practice of White beauty standard in African American society as it is depicted in Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye.lhc study shows that White beauty standard has been the hegemonic practice that is consciously alive in the African Americans as the society members involved in the story. The hegemony itself is from the beauty standards which are standardized using the White people's beauty standards e.g. light skinned, blue eyes, blonde, slimmer body image, etc. The White beauty standard hegemony is not solely the single reason of maintaining domination and power; in fact, society members, and their will and consciousness have also participated in it. Therefore, the implications occur within the society under the hegemonic practices or the hegemonized society, so do the characters in this novel. Those implications are extracted from the characters living in the novel as the characters are the hegemonized subject in practice. It is the fact that White beauty standard hegemony has led to the emergence of intra-racial discrimination happening within the African American society as it is reflected in the literary work due to the characters' efforts to seek for White's approval. The second is the emergence of the self-loathing upon the characters in the novel, and the third is the emergence of the self identity degrading.
Boosting Students' Vocabulary through Index Card
Authors: Soviyah Soviyah , Akhsan Nur Rifai
Published: January 2024

There are thousands of words in English. Learning these words is a big problem for students of English. However, there are ways to solve this problem. One way is to become familiar with the process of word formation. This process enables students to understand how a word is formed. This analysis is in important and useful to learn because they are very commonly used in English. Developing some skills in taking words apart will help students better understand what they read, what the meaning ofa word, and finally increase students' vocabulary.One way to learn word formation is through index card games. These games will help students learn how a word is constructed in various ways, and even stimulate them to initiate making new word or sentences using their own interest.The writers have conducted action research to use the index card to improve the student's vocabulary. To get more successful achievement, the writes limit to teach suffixes only, namely Verb suffixes. Noun suffixes. Adjective suffixes and Adverb suffixes. For one semester, the writers teach suffixes using index cards in different models, such as Match it, Challenge it. Winsor Loses.The result shows that students may improve their vocabulary mastery (70%), uphold students' motivation (60%), build confidences to speak (40%),generate classroom energy (30%), recognize word formation process (70%), participate in class discussion (25%), and & get better class attendance. From the result above, the-writers believe index card is very useful to improve students' vocabulary, particularly in word formation.
Teaching English Using Local Culture Content Short Story
Authors: Sanda Silfi
Published: January 2024

This paper is mainly about the use of local culture content short story in developing students' English proficiency and some activities that can be employed for this purpose. The local culture exposed in the short story is the traditional woven clothes of Palembang, Songket in term of process and product. The short story used in this topic is Cek Ipah "The Palembang Songket Weaver". This short story is authors' original work telling about everyday live of palembang songket weaver which covers both process and also product of songket. It is presented in intriguing theme in order to make the short story more interesting and has some moral lessons to appriciate. In relating this cultural heritage to ELT, approaches used by Collie and Slater is employed. Some activities employed for this short story are whispering sentences technique designed especially for a rousing students' focus on the short story and to train their listening skill, Kids Inspiration outline completing activity for reading comprehension, Drawing mind activity for reading comprehension, cutting process video discussion activity for speaking skills, and sealing time capsule technique activities for developing students' writing ability. The lesson plan designed is just for the first part of the first short story-just until the time when Cek Ipah would like to show songket Lepus Berekam she had woven to her ever after enemy, Cek Beda, the Zainal Songket quality controller. In this lesson plan two kinds of software use, they are windows photo gallery software and 3GP player for video.
August Wilson's Fences: The African-American Women's Pursuit Of Dreams Seen From The Perspectives Of Rose Maxson
Authors: Kurnia Nandy lntan
Published: January 2024

This paper portrays the struggle of people of color to reach their dreams as reflected in August Wilson's "Fences". In his work, he described vividly how African-American men force themselves to be successful in reaching their dreams. However, he did not give a large portion of discussion about women and their dreams. His female characters' dreams are remain unspoken. Moreover there is only one woman, named Rose Maxson, who stands as his female protagonist, while the other female characters are only exist in term of names that are mentioned by the other characters involved in the play. It seems that he only gives chance to Rose to speak up her mind as one of the African-American women. Therefore, she is a source full character that can be used as the media to learn about the way women see the importance of having and reaching their dreams.This paper is based on a library research. The primary data used in the analysis were taken from August Wilson's play, entitled "Fences". The secondary data were collected from articles and historical documents such as autobiographies and notes. Through the use of Liberal Feminist approach and the discussion of the character of Rose (along with her characterization) and the connection between the writer and the history of African-American women, this paper wants to reveal Wilson's point of view on how African- American women see the importance-of having dreams and what they, mostly, do to reach those dreams. Furthermore, the readers will also be able to know what challenges faced by those women in their struggle to gain equal rights and acceptance in the society.Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that Wilson uses Rose, who takes the ideas of reaching dreams as her self-fulfillment into a new direction with less focus on financial gain and put more emphasis on what some people believe as living a simple, fulfilling life, as the agent to open the eyes of (especially) the African American women to think and struggle to reach their dreams, although those dreams are still closely connected to the ideas of fulfilling their roles as the heart of the family.
Explicit Pragmatic Instruction In Teaching English As A Foreign Language
Authors: Aufa Fauzul
Published: January 2024

Teaching and learning languages involve more than targeting grammatical and lexical knowledge. To achieve communicative competence in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context, EFL learners need to develop their pragmatic competence which is better taught explicitly in the classroom. This essay argues that while the implicit instruction is reasonably applicable, the explicit pragmatic instruction is more effective to facilitate EFL learners in developing their pragmatic competence.
Pragmatic Knowledge For Second Language Learners
Authors: Margana Author:
Published: January 2024

To maximally acquire the target language, second language learners are demanded to master the knowledge of pragmatics on the grounds that it facilitates them to capture a comprehensive understanding of the classroom communication patterns which deal with how language is used according to its context. Added to this, knowledge of pragmatics can be used to minimize miscommunication and misunderstanding of the speech acts used in classroom communication practices. More specifically, second language learners have to acquire the issues of pragmatics which include types of illocutionary acts, illocutionary force, and implicatures. Such aspects of pragmatics are commonly found in classroom communication practices which are done by English teachers of secondary school levels. In reference to these issues, this paper attempts to review the types of illocutionary acts, illocutionary forces and conversational implicatures applied by English teachers of secondary school levels. Such an understanding of those three aspects of pragmatics is believed to facilitate students of secondary schools as the second language learners to easily make sense of the utterances as performed by English teachers in a series of English language teaching and learning practices.
How Chick-Lit Affects Women Through Romance Formula: A Study Case On Lauren Weisberger's Devil Wears Prada And Jane Green's
Authors: Agustina Mia Fitria
Published: January 2024

Women have very unique characteristics. They are far different from men. Therefore, women needs are also different from men needs including the need to read. Men tend to read adventure works. The adventure works fulfill man's need to taste the adventure as the hero-individual or group in adventures works is able to overcome obstacles and dangers to accomplish some important and moral mission. In another hand, women prefer to read romance ones. It is because romance formula provides what women desired. Moreover romance works are the feminine equivalent of the adventure stories. Furthermore, chick-lits, the women best friend, is one of the romance works. As it is used romance formula, chick-lits has ability to provide women's desire. It transforms the need, and interprets it through the narrative of chick-lits. That is why, because to find out how the interpretation of the works is an fascinating challenge, this paper tries to see the connection between chick-lits romance formula and how it affects the readers, the women.
The Possibility Of English As A Second Language In Indonesia
Authors: Adipramono Raditya
Published: January 2024

It is known that there is a general concern for those who must leave their original language and original culture to adjust to the surroundings and mastering a new language. For Indonesian, English is known as first foreign language and not as second language. There are some problems as Indonesian to regard English as second language. This paper is trying to discuss the problems and also the possibility of English as second language in Indonesia.
Poetic Approach In The Study Of A Drama Script: Analyzing The Disappointments Faced By Willy Loman In Arthur Miller's Death Of A Salesman In Teaching English As A Foreign Language Context
Authors: Hapsari Astri
Published: January 2024

This article describes and explains how literary competence for the teaching of literature in English as a foreign language (EFL) context can be achieved by taking Culler's (1997) poetics in the study of literature as a theoretical framework. The implementation of this approach is discussed by using one of the famous drama scripts in American literature: Death of Salesman written by Arthur Miller. Following Culler's poetics approach, the analysis focuses on one of the themes found in the drama script: the disappointments faced by Willy Loman (the main character) which make up most of the plot with a dramatic ending: Willy's decision to suicide. This article aims to encourage EFL teachers who use literature as the object of study to take Culler's side by using poetics as the starting point in a literature study in order to improve the learners' literary competence.Key words: literary competence, poetic approach, teaching literature in EFL context, the study of a drama script, Death of a Salesman
English As An International Language: An Overview
Authors: Dewi Anita
Published: January 2024

As indicated in the title, this paper provides a brief overview of English as an International Language (EIL) by elaborating it as a paradigm and discussing concepts that are closely related to it. In doing so, the paper covers sections of English in relation to globalisation, linguistic imperialism, other languages, identity, its varieties, language ecology, and its impacts. Prominent theories and previous research results are presented throughout the paper. In general, EIL as a paradigm suggests that the spread of English is no longer a simple result of migration or colonisation rather it involves multiple reasons, backgrounds, and issues. In the context of communication, EIL requires appropriateness and negotiation in the use and function of English among other languages, which would ideally lead to a “contemporary global linguistic ecology” (Phillipson and Skutnabb-Kangas, p. 20).
Developing Curriculum And Tasks For Teaching Reading
Authors: Wulandari Ella
Published: January 2024

This paper is aimed at proposing a curriculum and task design for teaching reading to students of an English teacher training. The curriculum discusses the needs and context analysis, goals, objectives, beliefs, content organization, task design, learning assessment and evaluation of the course. While being skill-oriented on one hand, the curriculum works towards a more process or discourse-oriented design. This is done to cater for the needs to build students' reading skills, understanding of text's construction and positive attitudes towards reading as not merely a means of acquiring a full command in the target language but also a tool to access knowledge and advancement.Key words: reading, curriculum and task design
Performing Musicalization Of Poetry And Uploading The Video On Youtube For Poetry Class Project
Authors: Lestari Febriyanti Dwiratna
Published: January 2024

Musicalization of poetry is an intriguing class project for English Literature students. It enables them to dig into their creativity and talent in writing and performing poetry and at the same time speeding up their comprehension of English poetry, particularly from the aspect of musical device of a poem. Though not treated as the main activity of the course, such task is valuable, acommodating those interested more in producing literary work than merely criticizing it. Also, to make this project more fun, the students can be challenged to videotape their performance and share it on YouTube. The students are thus encouraged to pack it in a good video presentation because their videos, once uploaded and set public, become available for any viewers. This project may work best if assigned for a group work because the students could delegate jobs such as who is to write and recite the poem, to design the concept of their musicalization of poetry, to tape and edit the video, and finally to upload the video on YouTube and promote it on social media like Facebook and Twitter. Indeed, musicalization of poetry project could be taken as an extra assignment in poetry class by which the students practice employing the poetic devices at first hand. This paper will explain the why, what and how this class project should be conducted.Key words: musicalization of poetry, YouTube video upload, poetry class project
The Hegemony Of White Commodity Culture Toward Afro-American: An Analysis Of Susan Willis' I Shop Therefore I Am
Authors: Astuti Irma Windy
Published: January 2024

This paper is meant to analyze Willis' work which underlines the influence of commodity culture of mainstream white society in America towards other race, particularly Afro-American as one of the country's minority races in the 1980's. The work further posits that the white America's popular and mass culture has ingrained and legitimately shaped the way Afro-American see and value their own culture and self identity, and that its spread and control is both political and materialistic. This paper is seek to put forward that Willis' idea can be visibly viewed through and associated with Gramsci's theory of hegemony in understanding the underlying agenda advocated by the more superior group (white) towards their subordinate counterparts (Afro-American).Key words: white mass culture, afro-American, hegemony
Translation Errors In The Process Of Translation
Authors: Rahmatillah Kartini
Published: January 2024

Translation nowadays is noted as a kind of skill of transferring messages from one language into another language. One cannot translate something without ignoring errors that may happen during the process of translation. These errors are not ignorable since translation deals with how to bring the same message from one language and to make these messages into the same meaning in other language. Form may differ but the message itself cannot be changed. Since this paper is not a result of a research, it is only intended to enlighten translation errors that may occur during the translation process. Some errors are familiar but others may not to some translator due to different cultural background. Regarding to these errors, there are also solution on how to overcome these errors. Though this paper is not a scientific research but still there are information that may be used for translator, especially those who always face these similar errors. In the end, it can be concluded that how expert a translator is, he or she cannot ignore and may face the errors, and it becomes a tricky problem for translators.Keywords: transalation process, errors
A Brief Analysis Of Apology In Pondok Village, Padang, West Sumatera
Authors: Hapsari Astri
Published: January 2024

Communication by using spoken language cannot be separated from human's daily life. Every day, a person uses various utterances or illocutionary acts- part of speech acts, in order to communicate what he/she has in his/her thought to others. One may use the speech act to give a compliment, make a request, refuse an invitation, ask for an apology, etc. The knowledge required by an addresser (speaker) to perform illocutionary acts constitutes part of his/her communicative competence. An appropriate illocutionary act will be delivered if the addresser has a good communicative competence of his/ her language. Thus, in discourse studies of a language, it is important to set up units of analysis called speech act sets (Olshtain and Cohen, 1983). In this paper, the speech act set that will be discussed is the speech act set for apology. The community involved in this research is Chinese generation in Pondok Village, Padang, West Sumatera. The research is done in situ – the actual place where one can see people realistically in the language being studied. The aims of the research are to describe and analyze speech act set for apology as demonstrated by Chinese generation in Pondok Village, Padang, West Sumatera.Keywords: speech act set, apology, Chinese generation, Pondok Village, Padang, West Sumatera
The Pragmatic Aspects Ofhumor Creation: A Study On Grice's Cooperative Principles
Authors: Pradita Intan
Published: January 2024

Humor is special tool of communication for its multifunction in any discourses. Its flexibility has been used by many people, of all social class, to deliver criticisms, tragedy of commons and happening issues in a funny way.This is because humor and culture are inseparable. Humor importance is undoubtedly effective to reveal the codes in cultures, politics, and education. The creation is interesting to discuss in this essay because it demands creativity, and its acceptance asks for high cognitive ability. However, a wrong perception of humor which is caused by different cultural background, and lackness of language competence is the core problem that may create missunderstanding. Through linguistics point of view, conversational principles constructed by Paul Grice is chosen as the approach of humor analysis.Keywords: pragmatics, cooperative principles, flouted maxims
Influence Of Teacher Characteristics On Students' Academic Achievement Among Senior High Schools In Ogan Komering Ulu
Authors: Sanda Silfi
Published: January 2024

In UU No. 14/2005 state that all teacher should have pedagogy, social, professional and personality competencies. One of the important competencies is personality competence. According to Moorhead & Griffin (2010), there are five traits which is related to the organizational behavior called “big five personality traits”. Those are agreeableness, conscientiousness, negative emotionality, extraversion and openness. The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between teacher characteristics and students' academic achievement. The study was guided by Education Production Function theory (EPF) which connects student academic achievement to teacher characteristics. The study was conducted in Ogan Komering Ulu, the target population comprised of teachers of all 20 senior high schools. The study applied a causal comparative research design. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The study findings suggest that there was no significant relationship between teacher qualification and student academic achievement.Keywords: Teacher characteristics, academic achievement, experience and Qualification
Duplex vertical flow rapid tests for point-of-care detection of anti-dsDNA and anti-nuclear autoantibodies
Authors: Lei Rongwei , Arain Hufsa , Wang David , Arunachalam Janani , Saxena Ramesh , Mohan Chandra
Published: January 2024

The goal of this study was to develop a rapid diagnostic kit for rheumatic disease and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) screening. A novel rapid vertical flow assay (VFA) was engineered and used to assay anti-nuclear (ANA) and anti-dsDNA (αDNA) autoantibodies from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and healthy controls (HC). Observer scores and absolute signal intensities from the VFA were validated by ELISA. The rapid ten minute point of care VFA test engineered demonstrated a limit of detection of 0.5 IU/ml for ANA and αDNA autoantibodies in human plasma with inter-operator CV of 19% for ANA and 12% for αDNA. Storage stability was verified over a three-month period. When testing anti-dsDNA and ANA levels in 22 SLE and 18 HC serum samples, the duplex VFA revealed 95% sensitivity, 72% specificity and 84% accuracy in discriminating disease groups, comparable to the gold standard, ELISA. The rapid αDNA/ANA duplex VFA can potentially be used in primary care clinics for evaluating patients or at-risk subjects for rheumatic diseases and for planning follow-up testing. Given its low cost, ease and rapid turnaround, it can also be used to assess SLE prevalence estimates.
A Requiem for the H-index
Authors: Rull Valenti
Published: January 2024

Using the h-index to assess individual researchers is not only unethical and unfair but also inaccurate and misleading. This index fails to offer a reliable measure of a researcher's impact based on their citation scores. Beyond statistical and conceptual considerations, authorship practices, especially in the case of multi-authored publications, give rise to significant problems that often go unnoticed. While some modifications of the h-index have been proposed to mitigate these weaknesses, the fundamental deficiencies persist. Most of these flaws have been effectively addressed by the c-score, a composite citation index. The c-score excludes self-citations, normalizes the number of citations by considering the number of authors in each paper, and takes into account first, single, and last authorship. This approach provides a more realistic measure of the impact of each individual researcher based on raw citations.