bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting prosurvival BCL2 signaling through Akt blockade sensitizes castration‐resistant prostate cancer cells to enzalutamide
Authors: Pilling Amanda B. , Hwang Clara
Published: June 2019

Background

Prostate cancer that recurs after initial treatment inevitably progresses to castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the lethal stage of the disease. Despite improvements in outcomes from next generation androgen receptor (AR)‐axis inhibitors, CRPC remains incurable. Therapeutic strategies to target AR antagonist resistance are urgently needed to improve outcomes for men with this lethal form of prostate cancer.

Methods

Apoptosis and BCL2 family signaling were characterized in cell line models of CRPC. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to determine BCL2 expression levels. Drug sensitivity was determined by proliferation, survival and apoptosis analysis. Protein‐protein interactions were evaluated by coimmunoprecipitation followed by Western blot detection.

Results

In the present study, we identify antiapoptotic BCL2 protein signaling as a mechanism of resistance to AR antagonist enzalutamide. In CRPC cell line models, we found that BCL‐xL and MCL‐1 proteins block apoptosis through binding and sequestering proapoptotic proteins BIM and BAX, resulting in cell survival in response to enzalutamide. Treatment with BH3‐mimetics targeting BCL‐xL or MCL‐1 disrupts these interactions and activates apoptosis, sensitizing CRPC cells to enzalutamide. Importantly, we demonstrate that PI3K/Akt signaling is activated in response to enzalutamide and mediates apoptosis evasion through inactivation of BAD, a BH3‐only protein that activates proapoptotic signlaing through inhbition of BCL‐xL. Inhibition of Akt activates BAD, resulting in increased apoptosis and sensitivity to enzalutamide, demonstrating an alternative therapeutic strategy to target drug resistance.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that CRPC cells employ multiple mechanisms to mediate apoptosis evasion through BCL2 signaling, suggesting this pathway is critical for survival. This study provides a strong preclinical rationale for developing therapeutic strategies to target antiapoptotic BCL2 signaling in combination with AR antagonists to improve treatment options for patients with advanced prostate cancer.
Benzofuran‐2‐acetic esters as a new class of natural‐like herbicides
Authors: Araniti Fabrizio , Mancuso Raffaella , Lupini Antonio , Sunseri Francesco , Abenavoli Maria Rosa , Gabriele Bartolo
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

In recent decades, the use of synthetic herbicides has been increasing, mainly in emerging countries. However, their intensive and indiscriminate application is a major cause of environmental pollution and human health injury. Therefore, there is an increasing need to develop new herbicides with safer toxicological and environmental profiles. A promising strategy is to synthesize new molecules containing the core of natural products as a template for the production of ‘bio‐inspired’ or ‘natural‐like’ herbicides.

RESULTS

The potential herbicidal activity of some benzofuran‐2‐acetic esters was assessed in vitro on Arabidopsis thaliana, a model species. All five molecules (M1‐M5) showed significant phytotoxic activity, reducing both shoot and root system at low concentrations. In particular, methyl 2‐(5‐methoxybenzofuran‐2‐yl)hexanoate (M3) exhibited the highest phytotoxicity displayed against two crops and weeds, monocots (Zea mays L. and E. crus‐galli) and dicots (Lactuca sativa L. and Amaranthus retroflexus L.). The M3 activity was also compared with glyphosate, a common herbicide, showing a lower but similar activity. Moreover, the results evidenced that M3 was more effective in post‐emergency.

CONCLUSION

Readily synthesizable benzofuran‐2‐acetic esters possessing the benzofuran ring as ‘bio‐inspired’ core, show significant herbicidal activity making them very efficient even at low concentrations. They can be sprayed in liquid form, and the addition of adjuvants can improve penetration through the leaf cuticle. These results confirm the importance of these molecules as models for the development of new natural‐like herbicides. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Risk assessment for pesticide mixtures on aquatic ecosystems in China: a proposed framework
Authors: Chen Lang , Li Shibin , Zhou Yanming , Zhou Xinxin , Jiang Hui , Liu Xingang , Yuan Shankui
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

With over 12 000 registered mixture formulations in China, environmental risk assessment of co‐formulated pesticide mixtures to aquatic ecosystems is of increasing interest to scientists, risk assessors, and risk managers. This study proposed a pragmatic approach based on widely accepted scientific concepts and strategies.

RESULTS

The proposed approach has three tiers, a preliminary Tier 0 stage, a Tier 1 stage, and a refinement stage as Tier 2, which are demonstrated with one case study. Because of the large number of co‐formulated pesticide mixtures available in China, a unique Tier 0 stage is proposed with practicable criteria to identify mixtures requiring further evaluation. For Tier‐1 assessment, exposure is assessed based on the application scheme and local scenarios in China. Hazard is evaluated using the concentration addition model as the default approach, which was developed a century ago and was adopted by the majority of the regulators globally. Given the unique characteristics of mixtures in the environment, data variability and ratio changes of active ingredients are also evaluated for hazard assessment. More accurate assessments with decreased uncertainties can be achieved by higher tier refinements in Tier‐2, such as alternative models, consideration of co‐formulants, and higher tier effect and exposure analyses.

CONCLUSION

Widely accepted concepts, methodologies, and criteria should be used for aquatic risk assessment for pesticide mixtures in China. To avoid unnecessary workload and a more accurate assessment, unique perspectives such as local agricultural practice, local scenarios and a preliminary screening stage (Tier 0) should be implemented. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Small Janus dimer as electric field manipulated molecular clam switch and electric information storage unit
Authors: Chen Wei‐Hong , He Hui‐Min , Li Ying , Yang Hui , Liu Jia‐Yuan , Yu Dan , Wu Di , Zhou Zhong‐Jun , Sun Wei‐Ming , Gu Feng‐Long , Li Zhi‐Ru
Published: June 2019

A small Janus molecular dimer, as external electric field (Fz) manipulated both a molecular clam switch and a novel electric information storage unit, is found by quantum chemical computations for the first time. The molecular clam switching is intriguing and reversible. A critical Fz value of 95 × 10−4 au causes a dramatically open change in conformation from Closed form to Open form. And a small reversed electric field of Fz = −10 × 10−4 au performs a close change from Open form to Closed form. In the switching process, owing to the existence of a great electric dipole moment (μ) contrast between 0 and 22.13 D, the molecular clam switch may serve as an electric information storage unit. Gratifyingly, the reading, writing, and erasing of binary information on the electric information storage unit are easy. And further calculations show that Janus graphene fragment dimer can also serve as a molecular clam switch. Thus, this work proposes a new molecular switch prototype in the invention of artificial molecular machines, and a novel electric information storage unit in the field of molecular electronics.
Structural stigma and sexual orientation‐related reproductive health disparities in a longitudinal cohort study of female adolescents
Authors: Charlton Brittany M. , Hatzenbuehler Mark L. , Jun Hee‐Jin , Sarda Vishnudas , Gordon Allegra R. , Raifman Julia R.G. , Austin S. Bryn
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Sexual minority female adolescents have worse reproductive health than heterosexual peers; research into the origins of these disparities is limited. Our objective was to examine whether exposure to structural stigma (e.g., societal‐level conditions, cultural norms, institutional policies/practices that constrain the lives of the stigmatized) is associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and teen pregnancy in sexual minority female adolescents.

Methods

Longitudinal data were utilized from 6581 female adolescents aged 9–14 years at baseline (1996) in the U.S.‐based Growing Up Today Study and followed through 2007. We used a previously‐validated structural stigma scale composed of four state‐level items (e.g., employment non‐discrimination policies) with one item added relevant to reproductive health. Risk ratios were generated from multivariate models.

Results

Sexual minority female adolescents were significantly more likely than heterosexual peers to have an STI diagnosis and teen pregnancy. Sexual minority female adolescents living in states with lower, compared to higher, levels of structural stigma were significantly less likely to have an STI diagnosis, after adjustment for individual‐ and state‐level covariates (relative risk [RR] = 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51, 0.97). In contrast, among completely heterosexual adolescents, structural stigma was not associated with STI diagnosis. Teen pregnancy risk—a rare outcome—did not vary by level of structural stigma for sexual minority or heterosexual adolescents.

Conclusions

Structural stigma is a potential risk factor for adverse reproductive health among sexual minority female adolescents. Changing laws and policies to be inclusive of all people, regardless of sexual orientation, can help alleviate entrenched reproductive health disparities.
Rectal carcinoma with synchronous liver metastases
Authors: Li Jiele , Barbosa Laura Elisabete Ribeiro
Published: June 2019

Introduction Colorectal cancer is amongst the most prevailing malignancies in the world and it is associated with a relatively high mortality rate. Rectal cancer occurs in 20–30% of all colorectal cancer cases, and 25% of this present synchronous metastatic disease. This study aims to review the current treatment approaches for rectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastases, as there are no specific guidelines for the management of this group of patients.

Methods A systematic literature search was performed on Pubmed database with a 10 year timeline limitation from 2008 to 2018.

Results Currently, the only potentially curative approach remains to be the surgical resection. Conventionally, the classical strategy of these patients involves resection of rectal tumor, followed by liver resection, with chemotherapy sessions between the two procedures. However, recent studies have reported no inferiority, in safety and survival outcomes, when compared with other approaches (liver-first resection or simultaneous resection), except when symptoms of primary tumor are present. Hence, treatment strategy should be individualized based on the assessment of metastatic extent, primary tumor symptoms and the patient's overall clinical status. Chemotherapy and targeted agents have substantially contributed to overall survival improvements, allowing enhanced tumor down staging.

Conclusion Complete resection of liver metastases is considered the major condition for a potential survival outcome in these patients. Management of these patients should include a multidisciplinary team with consideration of each individual specificities. Prospective randomized trials are needed to elucidate the optimal treatment strategy.
Variations in the Density Distribution of the Io Plasma Torus as Seen by Radio Occultations on Juno Perijoves 3, 6, and 8
Authors: Phipps Phillip H. , Withers Paul , Buccino Dustin R. , Yang Yu‐Ming , Parisi Marzia
Published: June 2019

The atmosphere of the Jovian satellite Io is constantly being lost to the surrounding magnetosphere of Jupiter. The material is ionized and then distributed by Jupiter's magnetic field into a torus around Jupiter called the Io plasma torus. This plasma affects radio signals as they propagate from the Juno spacecraft to Earth during the spacecraft's perijove passes. During Perijoves 3, 6, and 8 we determine the total electron content in the Io plasma torus using two‐way tracking data from Juno. We find that the location of the torus is displaced from predictions that use the VIP4 offset tilted dipole approximation. The displacements are consistent with those found in ground‐based observations. The peak total electron content and scale height are found for two different regions of the torus, the cold inner torus and a warmer torus beyond 5.5 RJ. Properties of the cold torus vary appreciably with System III longitude, but properties of the torus beyond 5.5 RJ do not.
Increasing Organic Carbon Biolability With Depth in Yedoma Permafrost: Ramifications for Future Climate Change
Authors: Heslop J.K. , Winkel M. , Walter Anthony K.M. , Spencer R.G.M. , Podgorski D.C. , Zito P. , Kholodov A. , Zhang M. , Liebner S.
Published: June 2019

Permafrost thaw subjects previously frozen organic carbon (OC) to microbial decomposition, generating the greenhouse gases (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) and fueling a positive climate feedback. Over one quarter of permafrost OC is stored in deep, ice‐rich Pleistocene‐aged yedoma permafrost deposits. We used a combination of anaerobic incubations, microbial sequencing, and ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry to show yedoma OC biolability increases with depth along a 12‐m yedoma profile. In incubations at 3 °C and 13 °C, GHG production per unit OC at 12‐ versus 1.3‐m depth was 4.6 and 20.5 times greater, respectively. Bacterial diversity decreased with depth and we detected methanogens at all our sampled depths, suggesting that in situ microbial communities are equipped to metabolize thawed OC into CH4. We concurrently observed an increase in the relative abundance of reduced, saturated OC compounds, which corresponded to high proportions of C mineralization and positively correlated with anaerobic GHG production potentials and higher proportions of OC being mineralized as CH4. Taking into account the higher global warming potential (GWP) of CH4 compared to CO2, thawed yedoma sediments in our study had 2 times higher GWP at 12‐ versus 9.0‐m depth at 3 °C and 15 times higher GWP at 13 °C. Considering that yedoma is vulnerable to processes that thaw deep OC, our findings imply that it is important to account for this increasing GHG production and GWP with depth to better understand the disproportionate impact of yedoma on the magnitude of the permafrost carbon feedback.
Atmospheric Convection Dominates Genesis of ENSO Asymmetry
Authors: Geng Tao , Cai Wenju , Wu Lixin , Yang Yun
Published: June 2019

Observed El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events exhibit distinct amplitude and evolution asymmetries due to nonlinear interactions between sea surface temperature (SST), equatorial zonal wind stress, and thermocline depth anomalies. Establishment of atmospheric convection leads to a nonlinear response of zonal winds to SST, but its relative importance to nonlinear oceanic feedbacks remains unclear. Using a recharge oscillator model modified to incorporate various nonlinearities estimated from observations, we show that the nonlinear wind response to SST alone can induce a nonlinear response of the thermocline to winds and that of SST to the thermocline, as winds affect the growth of SST and damping of thermocline anomalies through the recharge/discharge process. Oceanic nonlinear feedbacks enhance the simulated ENSO asymmetries only when the nonlinear atmospheric feedback is present. Our result suggests that the observed strengthening of ENSO variability in the past century is attributable to an increase in the nonlinear atmospheric feedback.
Visible-range hemi-indigo photoswitch: ON–OFF fluorescent binder for HIV-1 RNA
Authors: Berdnikova Daria V.
Published: June 2019

Hemi-indigo derivatives are introduced as a novel class of HIV-1 RNA binders with photoswitchable fluorescent properties.
Optimal geometry to resolve 3D deformation from multiple GB‐DInRad
Authors: Hu Cheng , Deng Yunkai , Tian Weiming , Zhao Zheng
Published: June 2019

When multiple ground‐based differential interferometric radar (GB‐DInRad) systems are utilised together to resolve three‐dimensional (3D) deformation, the resolving accuracy is related with the measurement geometry of these radar systems. This Letter focuses on how to determine an optimal geometry. Based on the resolving equation of the 3D deformation, the Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP) is defined. Then the minimum value of the GDOP is calculated and a detailed geometrical analysis is made to determine the geometrical conditions of the minimum GDOP. The results prove that the optimal geometry could be obtained when the unit measurement vectors of these radar systems construct a regular pyramid with a specific structure. A numerical simulation is utilised to validate the analysis conclusion.
Resource adequacy in interdependent electricity markets undergoing heterogeneous expansion in renewable energy
Authors: Mozdawar Seyed Alireza , Akbari Foroud Asghar , Amirahmadi Meysam
Published: June 2019

In this study, the impact of the heterogeneous expansion of renewable energies on resource adequacy within interdependent electricity markets is investigated. The effect of increasing markets’ dependency on RA is also studied. A dynamic generation expansion model based on Benders decomposition is used to model the markets and coordinating entity to decompose the problem (keeping the markets independent in the master problem, and whole network constraints in the sub‐problem). By using this method, the benders cuts are applied to the two different objective functions simultaneously. In a case study, the authors find that increasing markets’ dependency can postpone new unit installation time or decreases the need for new units in the market with more renewable resource but meanwhile the expected reserve margin stays at an acceptable level. According to the authors’ case study, the power plant's net present value increases by increasing markets’ dependency in the market with more renewable resources. The flexibility improves in both markets by increasing markets’ dependency.
Coalition formation strategies for cooperative operation of multiple microgrids
Authors: Lahon Rinalini , Gupta Chandra P. , Fernandez Eugene
Published: June 2019

Energy cooperation among microgrids (MGs) by enabling local energy exchanges among them, is an appealing new solution to cope up with the impending energy crises. Specifically, energy can be wheeled among MGs to supply their deficits using the surplus of others. This study, therefore, presents an interactive model for the coordinated energy management of a distribution network with clustered MGs. Each MG not only schedules its local power generation and load consumption but also trades energy with neighbouring MGs in the distribution network. The power exchanges among the MGs, and that between the MGs and the distribution network are coordinated using a cooperative coalitional game theoretic approach. The framework aims at alleviating the distribution power losses while ensuring that all system variables, such as bus voltages, line flows, and reactive power requirements are within specified limits. Various system intermittencies are captured through scenario generation and reduction processes. Case studies on the IEEE‐33 bus and PG & E‐69 bus test systems with multiple coalitions forming MGs demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving network payoffs, voltage profiles and alleviating the network losses and curtailment of available non‐dispatchable resources.
Design and development of reconfigurable embedded system for real‐time acquisition and processing of multichannel ultrasonic signals
Authors: Tarpara Eaglekumar G. , Patankar Vaibhav H.
Published: June 2019

The study proposes a novel hardware‐based architecture of the reconfigurable embedded system for the multi‐channel immersion ultrasonic system. It provides the addressing‐based analogue multiplexing scheme, which requires only one data acquisition unit and common on‐chip storage for the multi‐channel imaging system. It also provides unique channel reconfigurable facility to the user to modify the number of channels (up to 256 for pulse‐echo and 512 for transmit–receive mode by installing only the partial front‐end hardware (pulser, pre‐amplifier) and without modifying the remaining data acquisition hardware (common‐amplifier, digitiser) and back‐end embedded system. The developed system further supports dynamic on‐line reconfiguration of the analogue front‐end hardware, real‐time hardware‐based data processing, and data transfer operation. The authors have implemented the addressing‐based reconfigurable architecture of the coherent averaging for noise reduction. For the experimentation, the complete four‐channel ultrasonic imaging system for immersion testing has been designed, developed, and evaluated in the laboratory. Furthermore, this study describes the capability of the proposed system by performing multi‐channel real‐time data acquisition, hardware‐based coherent averaging, channel multiplexing–demultiplexing, reconfigurable control, and software‐based post‐processing. Here, they present the performance evaluation of the developed multi‐channel system by carrying out the B‐scan and C‐scan image acquisition of the water‐immersed mechanical components.
Multiplicative fitness, rapid haplotype discovery, and fitness decay explain evolution of human MHC
Authors: Lobkovsky Alexander E. , Levi Lee , Wolf Yuri I. , Maiers Martin , Gragert Loren , Alter Idan , Louzoun Yoram , Koonin Eugene V.
Published: June 2019

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a central component of the vertebrate immune system and hence evolves in the regime of a host–pathogen evolutionary race. The MHC is associated with quantitative traits which directly affect fitness and are subject to selection pressure. The evolution of haplotypes at the MHC HLA (HLA) locus is generally thought to be governed by selection for increased diversity that is manifested in overdominance and/or negative frequency-dependent selection (FDS). However, recently, a model combining purifying selection on haplotypes and balancing selection on alleles has been proposed. We compare the predictions of several population dynamics models of haplotype frequency evolution to the distributions derived from 6.59-million-donor HLA typings from the National Marrow Donor Program registry. We show that models that combine a multiplicative fitness function, extremely high haplotype discovery rates, and exponential fitness decay over time produce the best fit to the data for most of the analyzed populations. In contrast, overdominance is not supported, and population substructure does not explain the observed haplotype frequencies. Furthermore, there is no evidence of negative FDS. Thus, multiplicative fitness, rapid haplotype discovery, and rapid fitness decay appear to be the major factors shaping the HLA haplotype frequency distribution in the human population.
Epigenetic signature of PD-1+ TCF1+ CD8 T cells that act as resource cells during chronic viral infection and respond to PD-1 blockade
Authors: Jadhav Rohit R. , Im Se Jin , Hu Bin , Hashimoto Masao , Li Peng , Lin Jian-Xin , Leonard Warren J. , Greenleaf William J. , Ahmed Rafi , Goronzy Jorg J.
Published: June 2019

We have recently defined a novel population of PD-1 (programmed cell death 1)+ TCF1 (T cell factor 1)+ virus-specific CD8 T cells that function as resource cells during chronic LCMV infection and provide the proliferative burst seen after PD-1 blockade. Such CD8 T cells have been found in other chronic infections and also in cancer in mice and humans. These CD8 T cells exhibit stem-like properties undergoing self-renewal and also differentiating into the terminally exhausted CD8 T cells. Here we compared the epigenetic signature of stem-like CD8 T cells with exhausted CD8 T cells. ATAC-seq analysis showed that stem-like CD8 T cells had a unique signature implicating activity of HMG (TCF) and RHD (NF-κB) transcription factor family members in contrast to higher accessibility to ETS and RUNX motifs in exhausted CD8 T cells. In addition, regulatory regions of the transcription factors
Tcf7
and
Id3
were more accessible in stem-like cells whereas
Prdm1
and
Id2
were more accessible in exhausted CD8 T cells. We also compared the epigenetic signatures of the 2 CD8 T cell subsets from chronically infected mice with effector and memory CD8 T cells generated after an acute LCMV infection. Both CD8 T cell subsets generated during chronic infection were strikingly different from CD8 T cell subsets from acute infection. Interestingly, the stem-like CD8 T cell subset from chronic infection, despite sharing key functional properties with memory CD8 T cells, had a very distinct epigenetic program. These results show that the chronic stem-like CD8 T cell program represents a specific adaptation of the T cell response to persistent antigenic stimulation.
Academic Mobility of Polytechnic Education in the Aspect of Internationalization and Globalization
Authors: Krechetnikov K G , Mihina G B
Published: June 2019

The subject of the research is academic mobility, including mobility of students, teachers, researchers and educational programs. The academic mobility of Polytechnic education is considered in the context of two other objective processes in the world education system – globalization and internationalization. The main purpose of the research is to analyze the meaning of the concept of academic mobility, types of mobility, the importance of mobility for Polytechnic education, the main problems caused by academic mobility and ways to solve them. The development of the education system in the world in recent decades has been revolutionary; the inherent processes that characterize this development are the internationalization and globalization of education. As a result of these processes, there is not only unification, convergence and integration of educational systems, but also the emergence of international standards for the quality of education, increasing interest in foreign students and demand for international educational programs. Academic mobility has become an essential feature of modern education. This term characterizes not only the ability of students to receive education in different parts of the world educational space, but also the personal quality, formed in the learning process, necessary for further personal and professional growth of the future specialist, reflecting its ability to live, adapt and develop in the multicultural world. Prospects for the continuation of this research are in the field of considering the possibilities and expanding cross-border networking and cooperation of world universities.
Optimising Models of Management by Organizational Changes
Authors: Dolyatovskiy V A , Barnagjan V S , Dolyatovskiy L V
Published: June 2019

Principles of management by changes at the enterprise are considered and the evolutionary model of changes is constructed. The primary goals of optimum control by changes at the enterprise are put, formalized and solved, examples of decisions are resulted. Examples of practical application of the developed models in practice are shown.
Public-Private Format for the Formation of the Center of Connectivity of the Russia’s Far East
Authors: Gudkova E V
Published: June 2019

Object: Public-private format for the formation of the center of connectivity of the Russia’s Far East. Methods: Subject-object analysis of spatial interaction meta-regional control. The object of the research is the integrity of the system, providing the refusal of “atomism”, abstracting from any part of a coherent system. The subject of the research is event or action, place in the system of interrelations of the format patterns in the economic system. Findings: Public-private format for the formation of the center of connectivity of the Russia’s Far East justifies the goal of the public, in general, and economic, in particular, development of situational centers working according to the uniform regulations. Conclusions: The dominance of invariant of linear interaction paradigms of subject and society in the territory of growth and development corporation initiates socio-economic contradictions that need resolution. The concept of cognitive center of formal simulate software of nonlinear processes justifies the public-private partnership for the formation of the Russia’s Far East connectivity center.
Acmeological Approach as a Factor of Professional and Pedagogical Selfrealization of Students of a High Educational Institution at Studying of Foreign Languages
Authors: Stafeeva N , Medvedeva I , Bulashova A , Zaichko M
Published: June 2019

In the article the authors discover historical and pedagogical aspect of training in foreign languages and pay attention to requirement of revision of conceptual and methodical bases. Through a prism of psychology and pedagogical features of understanding and perception of the person by the person in the conditions of educational and informative process. The authors prove expediency of acmeological approach when training foreign languages. Consecutive and purposeful realization in educational process of higher education institution of the revealed psychology and pedagogical conditions provides effective formation of an acmeological orientation of the identity of students that is the most important result of realization of acmeological approach in a system of vocational training.Within the research framework, the approbation of the model of acmeological approach in vocational education was carried out, using the example of teaching foreign language to students of the Tyumen Industrial University.
Teaching Non-Linguistic Specialties Students of the Main Types of Work with a Scientific Text in the Study of the Discipline “Professional Foreign Language”
Authors: Matskevich K O
Published: June 2019

The study of a foreign language in a non-linguistic university is an integral part of the educational process. The information about the peculiarities of teaching the discipline “Professional foreign language” is presented in this article. Proficiency in a foreign language at this stage of learning language is an indispensable component of the professional training of a highlevel specialist. The article describes the main content of the given discipline as well and the information about the main goals and objectives of the teaching “Professional foreign language” is briefly analyzed. Since the basis of the course of a professional foreign language is the work with a scientific, professionally-oriented text, so the main types of work with the text such as reading, annotation, abstracting, abstracting translation are considered in this paper in detail.
Reforming the Pension System of the Russian Federation
Authors: Terentieva I V
Published: June 2019

The article presents the results of the evaluation of the current stage of the pension system reform in Russia. The achieved level of pension provision in Russia is compared with similar indicators of foreign countries. The prospects of the expected directions of pension system reform are evaluated.
Providing of Social Functions in Regional Systems: Institutional Designing or Local Positioning
Authors: Gushchina E , Yushkova N , Dontsov D
Published: June 2019

Within the strategic paradigm of regional development there are detected the new priorities. They are oriented of achieving set of steady development of territories targets, connected with increasing role of social functions and tools. There is defined the constant improvement of regional politics in social aspect. Despite the fact that in modern Russian conditions there is market the expressed asymmetry of social processes. That defines appearance of new social problems of regional systems development, causing enhance of conflict between the institutional factors of regional development and their spatial adaption. Settling of potential conflicts is possible due to development of concept of the model, in with the “quality of life” and “social security” categories two sides of one event and process— making the potential of regional system. There is represented the authors’ opinion of the “social security” idea, considering the spatial aspect of regional policy. There are grounded the reasons of defining tools of complex evaluation of territory potential as key element of the model, providing the controlled development of regional system. The result of practical approbation of theoretical provisions of the model is improvement of strategy development of regional development principles. It is stipulated fixing of new types and forms of development policy implementation for reproduction of potential of regional system. There are grounded the reasons for development of personalized spatial projections for them, considering identity of certain territory maximally.
Investment and Innovative Component of Strategic Development of the Region (on the Example of the Belgorod Region)
Authors: Troshin A S , Kupriyanov S V , Sandu I S
Published: June 2019

Changes of social and economic parameters of region development of Belgorod region is revealed in recent years and its contribution in formation of modern Russian economic model development is defined. The fundamental administrative initiatives of regional authorities which have allowed the Belgorod region to achieve considerable achievements in the social and economic plan are presented. Attention is paid, to the basic strategic directions of further development of the region, within the accepted Strategy of social and economic development of the Belgorod region till 2025. A specific place in the research is held by the questions concerning the role and the place of investment and innovative components in the implementation of the planned purposes of region development. These questions initiated the need of more detailed consideration of concepts, «investments», «innovations», and «infrastructure”.
Definition of Limit Displacements for Structures Made from Infilled Shells used in a Coastal Engineering (Review)
Authors: Tsimbelman N , Kosikova A , Flores V , Chernova T , Trapeznikov A
Published: June 2019

A review is devoted to the question of designing offshore gravity structures made of cylindrical shells filled with ground. This article presents a review and investigation of the design criteria for cofferdam structures made from soil-filled shells. Based on a number of experiments on such structures, it is possible to make a statement about the allowable limit displacements, which governs the main principles of design criteria. The authors recommend, in addition to the general requirements for design criteria of the maximum displacements and the functional purpose of the structure (expressed in account of the features of the technological process of its operation), also determine the allowable displacements of the soil under the base of a structure with the subsequent allocation of the smallest (critical) values. To determine the limit displacements of the base for the initial stages of design, it is proposed to use the data of experimented stamp tests, which were conducted in the similar soil environment. As a criterion for determining the maximum settlement, it is proposed to consider the time of appearing the phase of plastic deformations in the ground soil.
The Factor of “Synergy” in the Design and Construction of Foundations of Driven Piles
Authors: Kovalevsky A A , Skurtol I A
Published: June 2019

The existing methods for assessing the bearing capacity of pile foundation from driven piles, are based on calculation schemes that do not fully take into account the factors that affect its joint work with the foundation soil. One of them is the factor of “synergetics” - self-organization of pile-soil system as a change in the physical and mechanical characteristics of the compacted zone the soil massif in the process layout of the pile foundation.

It is assume that around the pile driven into the base is formed the symmetric zone of compacted soil. When piling group these zones are deforming in the process of their interaction in the event that the boundaries of the zones are superimposing on each other. The general geometric shape of the compacted soil zone under the base of the pile foundation is also distorted that leads to erroneous conception of the soils bearing capacity. The energy costs of piling indicate availability or lack of interaction of the compacted zones.

Experimental tests of the flat profiled driven piles allowed to formulate the basic law of the interaction of compacted soil zones around the piles taking into account the total energy costs of the piles driving. Authors propose a new characteristic – the soil compaction parameter which allows to taking into account intensity of interaction of the compacted soils zones around the piles when designing of pile foundations.

Use of the soil compaction parameter at assessing of pile bearing capacity will increase the efficiency of a pile foundation construction and to avoid a probable non-driving of piles.
Assessment of Hymenoptera and Non-Hymenoptera Insect Bite and Sting Allergy Among Patients of Tropical Region of West Bengal, India
Authors: Laha Arghya , Sarkar Tania , Dey Debarati , Mondal Priti , Bhattacharya Srijit , Moitra Saibal , Saha Goutam Kumar , Podder Sanjoy
Published: June 2019

West Bengal, India, is inhabited by abundance and variety of insects that triggers sensitization in some humans to inhalant allergens and/or insect stings/venoms. Lack of research on this topic prevented accurate diagnosis and proper follow-up treatments to patients suffering from insect-induced allergies. The aim of our study was to identify the allergy-causing insects and evaluate resulting sensitization among a study population in West Bengal, India. The skin prick test (SPT) evaluated sensitivity of 450 patients who sought treatment at the Allergy and Asthma Research Center from July 2017 to June 2018. Eight insect allergens were tested: Common Black Ant (Lasius niger, Linnaeus 1758), Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta, Buren 1972), Honey Bee (Apis cerana indica, Fabricius 1798), Common Wasp (Vespula vulgaris, Linnaeus 1758), Mosquito (Aedes aegypti, Linnaeus in Hasselquist 1762), American Cockroach (Periplaneta americana, Linnaeus 1758), House Fly (Musca domestica, Linnaeus 1758), and Grasshopper (Gesonula punctifrons, Stal 1861). From a total of 450 patients evaluated, 370 patients had positive SPT reaction from at least one of the 8 insect allergens tested. Sensitivity to some Hymenoptera insects (common black ant, 87.62%; fire ant, 84.59%; and honey bee, 67.02%) was found in higher proportion than non-Hymenoptera group (mosquito, 66.67%; American cockroach, 33.33%; house fly, 10.41%; and grasshopper, 5.14%). There was significant difference in sensitivity among child, adolescent, and adult (P < 0.001). While female patients showed more sensitivity than males to SPT, the difference was statistically insignificant. In regards to occupation, farmers and bee keepers were most sensitive of field workers sensitive to Hymenoptera-derived allergens.
Nonviral Injection-Related Injuries in Persons Who Inject Drugs: Skin and Soft Tissue Infection, Vascular Damage, and Wounds
Authors: Pieper Barbara
Published: June 2019

The number of persons who inject drugs (PWIDs) is increasing. The literature has placed a substantial focus on the association between injection drug use and the transmission of blood-borne viral infections such as HIV and hepatitis C, but there is less extant research on other injuries such as skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), vascular damage, and associated wounds. Both SSTIs and vascular injury can result in marked morbidity and mortality and wounds that are slow to heal, likely to reoccur, and lifelong. The aims of this article are to (1) explore SSTIs and vascular damage in PWIDs and (2) relate these changes to wound development and care. Providers must address the health and psychosocial problems of PWIDs; take physical, psychosocial, and substance use histories; and develop multifocal plans of care. Finally, care must be provided in a nonjudgmental manner.

GENERAL PURPOSE

To explore skin and soft-tissue infections and vascular damage in persons who inject drugs and relate these changes to wound development and care.

TARGET AUDIENCE

This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES

After participating in this educational activity, the participant should be better able to:

1. Review the issues surrounding wound infections in persons who inject drugs.

2. Describe the risk factors and manifestations of wound infections in persons who inject drugs.

3. Summarize the treatment options for wound infections in persons who inject drugs.
Health Care Workers Continue to Be Targeted in Conflict Zones
Authors: Sofer Dalia
Published: June 2019

Respect for international humanitarian law is sorely lacking.
New Nasal Spray for Treatment-Resistant Depression
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S.
Published: June 2019

Esketamine (Spravato) nasal spray has been approved to treat major depressive disorder in patients who have not responded to other therapy. It is coadministered with an oral antidepressant.
Communication Skills Training for Health Care Professionals Who Work with Cancer Patients
Authors: Whitehead Lisa , Walker Deborah Kirk
Published: June 2019

Editor's note: This is a summary of a nursing care–related systematic review from the Cochrane Library. For more information, see http://nursingcare.cochrane.org.
Educational Intervention Improves Vaccination Rates in Older Patients
Authors: Rosenberg Karen
Published: June 2019

According to this study:

An educational intervention for clinical staff focused on best vaccination practices and Medicare billing strategies led to improved vaccination rates in older adults during a three-month period.

This intervention also led to improved knowledge and attitudes regarding adult vaccinations.
The Elements of a Nursing Malpractice Case, Part 1: Duty
Authors: Brous Edie
Published: June 2019

Nurses have a duty of reasonable care for patients they care for—and in other circumstances, too.
NYSNA Members Reach Deal with Three Major Health Systems to Avoid Strike
Authors: Pfeifer Gail M.
Published: June 2019

Hospitals agree to hire 1,500 nurses in addition to offering better benefits.
Bringing Caring Back Into the Curriculum Through Innovative iCare Feature
Authors: Goncalves Susan A. , Treas Leslie S. , Wilkinson Judith M.
Published: June 2019

Educational efforts and innovative teaching strategies promoting the concept of caring are essential both before and after licensure. Redesigning nursing education to meet the demands of the changing health care landscape while incorporating basic principles such as “caring” into the nursing curriculum can be challenging. Using an active learning strategy, the iCare feature provides students with short, affective “how to” examples relevant to specific chapter concepts. These examples illustrate acts of caring and help students engage in the learning process vital for providing high quality nursing care.
Evaluation of Interprofessional Teaching Strategy for Nursing Students on Perinatal Trauma-Informed Care
Authors: Kuhnly Joan Esper , Bourassa Denise , Dileone Christine , Dodge Meredith , Maruca Annette , Beck Cheryl Tatano
Published: June 2019

Little research exists on secondary traumatic stress for obstetric nurses and best educational strategies. Mixed-methods analysis was conducted to evaluate use of interprofessional panel debriefing to prepare nursing students for trauma-informed care. A pretest and posttest paired-samples design evaluated student experience and internalization of communication techniques. Students (n = 54) gained communication techniques from the learning activity; they felt simulations were realistic and applicable and described the learning activity as emotional with support from faculty. This innovative learning activity is a valuable teaching method and may be applicable to clinical agencies for new staff.
Role Modeling in Simulation as an Inductive Classroom Learning Strategy for Nursing Education
Authors: Key Betty , Woods Ashleigh , Hanks Mary
Published: June 2019

Simulation provides a safe, controlled environment for learning. Using faculty-led role modeling during simulation as a classroom learning experience provides an opportunity for both inductive and reflective learning. Role modeling occurs when a behavior or skill is demonstrated and then duplicated by an observer. Inductive learning and reflection in faculty-led simulations allow the student an opportunity to observe behaviors and create new knowledge by using prior and newly presented knowledge. This innovation brings deeper level thinking into the classroom via simulation.
Association of Rurality With Survival and Guidelines-Concordant Management in Early-stage Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Nicoli Charles D. , Sprague Brian L. , Anker Christopher J. , Lester-Coll Nataniel H.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Rural populations of the United States have not experienced a similar degree of decline in lung cancer mortality recently seen nationwide. Several investigations examining survival differences in rural lung cancer patients have been incongruent. We investigated the association of rural residence with survival outcomes and receipt of guidelines-concordant treatment in early-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods:

Retrospective study of National Cancer Data Base patients with NSCLC diagnosed from 2004 to 2015. Comparisons of survival outcomes and guidelines-concordant management with lobectomy or stereotactic body radiation therapy among rural and nonrural patients, classified according to the US Department of Agriculture’s Rural-Urban Continuum Codes.

Results:

We identified 840,566 patients; 18.7% resided in rural areas. Rurality was associated with greater proportions of males, white patients, and higher comorbidities. Larger proportions of rural stage I patients (53.4%) did not undergo guidelines-concordant management with lobectomy or stereotactic body radiation therapy relative to nonrural patients (50.1%,P<0.001). Although rural patients within each stage at diagnosis have a significant disparity in overall survival (OS), stage I NSCLC had the largest absolute difference (nonrural=61.4 mo, rural=50.3 mo, difference of 11.1 mo,P<0.0001). In multivariable Cox regression, rurality was independently associated with impaired survival in both all-stages (hazard ratio=1.08,P<0.001) and stage I NSCLC (hazard ratio=1.09,P<0.001).

Conclusions:

Small differences exist in OS among all rural NSCLC patients, but rural patients with stage I NSCLC have a marked disadvantage in OS. Rurality is an independent risk factor for decreased survival in all-stages and stage I NSCLC.
Molecular basis of hearing loss associated with enlarged vestibular aqueduct
Authors: Yu Xiaoyu , Wu Hao , Yang Tao
Published: June 2019

Enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) is a radiologic malformation of the inner ear most commonly seen in children with sensorineural hearing loss. Most cases of EVA with hearing loss are caused by biallelic mutations of
SLC26A4
. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of hearing loss with EVA due to malfunction of
SLC26A4
, the detection rates of
SLC26A4
mutations in EVA patients from different populations, and the role of other genetic factors (eg, mutations in
FOXI1
and
KCNJ10
) as etiologic contributors to EVA. Elucidating the molecular etiology of EVA-associated hearing loss may facilitate genetic counseling and lead to potential therapeutic strategies.