bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drug usage pattern and potential teratogenesity risk among pregnant women attending maternal and child health clinic of Mettu Karl Referral Hospital, South Western, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study, 2021
Authors: Bereda Gudisa , Bereda Gemechis
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Physiological alterations during pregnancy as well as the bio- conversion of compounds can significantly influence the teratogenic effects of drugs and chemicals by affecting absorption, body distribution, the active form(s), and excretion of the compound. Certain medications may cause harm to the foetus due to their potential teratogenic effects and the physiological adjustments occurring in the mother during pregnancy. Prescription of drug used by pregnant women should be viewed as one of a public health issue. This study aware health care workers on harmful drugs prescription to pregnant women and helps in understanding the type of medication used during pregnancy and safety of drugs used during pregnancy, thereupon this study was ascertain drug usage pattern and potential teratogenicity risk among pregnant women attending maternal and child health clinic of Mettu Karl Referral Hospital. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was carried out from April 13/2021 to June 15/2021. Data was collected through employing semi-structured questioner, and then the collected data was cleared, coded and analyzed by statistical packages for social sciences 25.0 version statistical software. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data. P value <0.05 was considered as a cut point for statistical significance in the final model. Results: A total of 156 participants were interviewed of whom, 81(51.9%) pregnant women were age between 20-35 years old and a majority 113(72.4%) of them were married. Among medical condition majority 40(25.6%) of the participants had peptic ulcer disease and 26(16.7%) urinary tract infections followed by 20(12.8%) acute illness and 12(7.7%) hyperemesis. Among the total drug prescribed for pregnant women 30(19.2%) FDA category C was the common followed by 29 (186%) FDA category B and 26(16.7%) FDA category D. Only 10(6.4%) of prescribed drug were FDA category X. Pregnant women whose age >35 years (AOR=4.05, 95%CI:1.274-1.903; p=0.001), urban residents (AOR=2.72, 95%CI:2.524-3.927; p=0.035), and pregnant women during second trimester (AOR=1.79, 95%CI:3.926-9.406; p=0.013) were significantly associated with MCH follow up. Conclusion and recommendation: From the drug prescribed, majority of pregnant women were taken antibiotics followed by 18(11.5%) NSAID, iron sulfate, and proton pump inhibitors. Among the dosage form, above half of the participants were taken the tablet dosage form followed by capsule and gels dosage form. Health care workers should have to brought good care for pregnant women, since they perhaps vulnerable to drug teratogenesity
Sources of off-flavor in pangasius catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) ponds
Authors: Reza Shaheed
Published: August 2021

With the intensification of aquaculture system, off-flavor in cultured pangasius catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) has become a problem in Bangladesh, resulting in poor acceptability and reduced market price. Since water quality parameters and sediment have greater implications on fish quality, studies were undertaken to identify potential off-flavor agents by investigating water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) pH, phytoplankton diversity and sediment organic carbon in 3 randomly selected ponds of 3upazilain Mymensingh district viz., Sadar, Trishal and Muktagachha. Water temperature and DO was found to be significantly different in ponds of Trishalupazila along with significantly high sediment organic carbon (p<0.05). Correspondingly, the Algal Genus Pollution Index (AGPI) estimated to study the water quality revealed that ponds in this upazila has the highest organic nutrient level (25.33±3.21). These values, along with strong positive correlation of cyanobacteria abundance and water temperature, sediment organic carbonindicate higher risk of off-flavor production in pond water. Adoption of proper management strategies need to taken immediately so that off-flavor producing organisms can be minimized. This will ensure higher acceptability of pangasius catfish produced in this region and safeguard livelihoods of the fish producers.
Mechanisms, diagnosis and management of eosinophilic asthma
Authors: Syabbalo Nightingale
Published: August 2021

Asthma is a common chronic airway disease affecting about 334 million people worldwide, and up to 10% of asthma patients have severe asthma, which may be uncontrolled despite high doses of the standard treatment modifiers and may require the use of chronic oral corticosteroids. It is the most common chronic disease in children in the developed countries. Asthmamanifests as reversible airflow obstruction, due to airway inflammation, bronchial smooth muscle contraction, increased mucus secretion, vascular engorgement, mucosal oedema, and airway hyper responsiveness, which leads to airflow obstruction and symptoms of asthma. Eosinophilic asthma is a phenotype of asthma that is usually very severe and persistent, with frequent exacerbations. It is usually observed in adult asthmatic patients, although it may occur in children. It is characterized by the presence of high levels of eosinophils, and CD+4 Th2 cells in the lungs and airways, which can be demonstrated by a raised eosinophil count in blood, and induced sputum or bronchial biopsy. It is managed in a similar stepwise treatment for childhood-onset asthma, but some of the patients with eosinophilic asthma do not respond to this standard treatment including inhaled or oral corticosteroids. The logical approach to treat corticosteroid-refractory asthma is to target the eosinophilic interleukins which cause airway inflammation using monoclonal antibodies to block their activity on the eosinophils, and Th2 cells. Currently, the following monoclonal antibodies are used in the treatment of eosinophilic asthma: IgE antibody such as omalizumab, or interleukin receptor 5, or 4, and 13 antagonists, such mepolizumab, reslizumab, and dupilumab. These novel agents have proved to be very useful in relieving the symptoms, and in improving the forced expired volume in one second (FEV1), and in reducing exacerbations. They are also steroid-sparing agents, and improve the quality of lifein this debilitating phenotype of asthma.
РОЗРОБКА РОЗРАХУНКОВОЇ МОДЕЛІ ЗМІНИ ТЕМПЕРАТУРИ РЕЙКОВОЇ СТАЛІ К76Ф ДЛЯ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ТЕРМІЧНОЇ ОБРОБКИ
Authors: Бабаченко Олександр , Кононенко Ганна , Подольський Ростислав
Published: August 2021

Вступ. Умови експлуатації залізниць України, перспектива входження їх до міжнародної системи транспортних коридорів, вимагають розвитку та модернізації залізничної колії, зокрема й рейок.Проблематика. З огляду забезпечення основної експлуатаційної характеристики рейок — зносостійкості, нормативно-технічна документація регламентує твердість. Найпрогресивніший Європейський стандарт EN 13674-1-2011 визначає рівень твердості головки рейки на глибині 20 мм не менше 321 НВ, а ДСТУ 4344:2004 — мінімум 321 НВ наглибині 11. При цьому, згідно з EN 13674-1-2011, на поверхні рейки твердість має бути не менше 405 НВ без утворення структур гарту.Мета. Визначити можливості досягнення твердості без структур гартування в головці рейки зі сталі 0,80 % C, 0,25 % Si, 0,97 % Mn, 0,055 % V (далі К76Ф) рівня світових вимог на підставі експерименту на прожарюваність (за Джоміні, ГОСТ5657) та розрахунків за допомогою моделі; визначення раціональної швидкості охолодження сталі К76Ф при термічній обробці.Матеріали й методи. Матеріал: рейкова сталь К76Ф з 0,80 % C, 0,25 % Si, 0,97 % Mn, 0,055 % V. Методики: металографічні дослідження, вимірювання твердості, визначення прожарюваності методом торцевого загартування, моделювання за допомогою математичного розрахунку в середовищі програмного комплексу термообробки QForm.Результати. Змодельовано зміну температури, формування структури та твердості по перерізу зразка для випробувань на прожарюваність за ГОСТ5657 зі сталі К76Ф. Експериментально встановлено зміну твердості та мікроструктури залежно від відстані до поверхні тепловідводу, визначено швидкість охолодження у точках, твердість у яких відповідає вимогам EN 13674-1-2011 до рейок.Висновки. Аналіз адекватності моделі показав її високу точність та збіжність експериментальних результатів з розрахунковими. Встановлено можливість досягнення вимог EN 13674-1-2011 до рівня твердості 405 НВ без утворення голчастих структур на сталі, яка відповідає за хімічним складом К76Ф згідно ДСТУ 4344: 2004.
SALTING-IN AND SALTING-OUT EFFECTS OF POLYPHENOLS, AROMATIC COMPOUNDS, AND AMINO ACIDS ON POLY (N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE) AND EGG WHITE AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
Authors: Tsurko Jelena , Kunz Werner
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Understanding the biophysical phenomena related to the Hofmeister series or cosmotropic/chaotropic properties of ions requires experimental data on specific ion effects of large organic molecules.Problem Statement. Specific ion effects are of significant importance for biophysics and medicine. It is interesting to find out if additives with biologically relevant anions can interact with proteins and avoid aggregation.Purpose. The purpose of this research is to study the stabilizing/destabilizing effects in Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)/water, hen egg white/water systems under influence of substances of various classes of different hydrophobia.Materials and Methods. Materials: sodium salts: salicylate, ferulate, benzoate, vanillate, cinnamate; humic acid sodium salt, hydroxy-sodium benzoate, glycine, L-alanine, sodium L-glutamate, D-(—)-quinnic acid, PNIPAM, egg white. Methods: measurement of the transition temperature (TT) of PNIPAM/water and the denaturationtemperature of the egg white / water systems.Results. Ion-specific effects have been studied with the use of models based on the research of the transition temperature (TT) evolution of binary PNIPAM / water mixtures (for heating from 0 to 35°C) and the denaturation temperature of the egg white / water (for heating from 48 to 65°C). The dependences of these temperatureson the content of substances that occur in live nature have been received at pH = 7.4.Conclusions. The results have shown the tendencies of the additive solubilizing effects on PNIPAM and egg white. The majority of substances studied has the salting-out effect on PNIPAM / water in the order NaBz ~ NaCinn < L-NaGlu ~ NaFer. For NaSal and NaHum; the salting-in effect has been established. For the egg white, all additives show the salting-in effect. In PNIPAM and egg white systems, NaBz and L-NaGlu demonstrate the opposite effects.
The results have been compared with the ones for binary mixtures of water/di-propylene glycolpropyl ether (DPnP).
УЩІЛЬНЕННЯ (КОМПАКТИЗАЦІЯ) ВПАКУВАННЯ У БІ-КОМПОНЕНТНІЙ МІКРОМЕХАНІЧНІЙ (ГРАНУЛЬОВАНІЙ) СУМІШІ
Authors: Герасимов Олег , Андріанова Ірина , Співак Андрій , Сідлецька Людмила , Курятников Владислав , Кільян Андрій
Published: August 2021

Вступ. Одна з традиційно актуальних проблем теоретичного базису виробництва і технологій - це опис, параметризація та прогнозування властивостей суміші залежно від параметрів компонентів. Однією із найсуттєвіших проблем,які заважають ефективному використанню гранульованих матеріалів, наприклад у будівельній промисловості, є складність забезпечення їх максимального ущільнення для підвищення ефективності практичного застосування.Проблематика. Розуміння принципів, завдяки яким формуються основні параметри багатокомпонентних систем спирається на базові моделі, які дозволяють параметризувати дані вимірів в термінах величин, що характеризують окремі чисті компоненти (reference data). Побудова таких моделей є складною задачею та вимагає феноменологічної інформації із декількох альтернативних джерел.Мета. Спираючись на апарат теорії Кірквуда-Баффа, модельні рівняння стану та данні аналізу експериментальних даних з вивчення макроскопічних параметрів бідисперсної мікромеханічної суміші побудувати теоретичний алгоритм опису та параметризації їх фізико-механічних характеристик в термінах зв’язків макроскопічних та парціальних властивостей залежно від об’ємної (або молярної) фракції одного з компонентів.Матеріали й методи. Моделі гранульованих бікомпонентних сумішей; теорія Кірквуда-Баффа; модельні рівняння стану для модельних сумішей твердих кульок типу Карнахана-Старлінга; феноменологічна інформація про динаміку ущільнення простих гранульованих сумішей.Результати. За допомогою теорії Кірквуда-Баффа, модельних співвідношень для сумішей твердих кульок, із використанням феноменологічних даних про характер ущільнення гранульованих матеріалів, розроблено алгоритм для опису макроскопічних властивостей бінарних гранульованих систем зокрема компактизації.Висновки. Отримані дані підтверджують наявність впливу мультидисперсності на динаміку ущільнення тобто, на можливість суміші під дією зовнішніх впливів прогнозовано змінювати локальну структуру впакування та її параметри.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ МЕТОДУ ІНВЕРСІЙНОЇ ХРОНОПОТЕНЦІОМЕТРІЇ ДЛЯ КОНТРОЛЮ ВМІСТУ ТОКСИЧНИХ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ У РАФІНАЦІЙНОМУ ВИРОБНИЦТВІ
Authors: Мельник О.П. , Галімова В.М. , Радзієвська І.Г. , Маринін А.І.
Published: August 2021

Вступ. Україна є одним з провідних світових експортерів соняшникової олії. Важливим показником безпечності є вміст у ній токсичних елементів, який не повинен перевищувати гранично допустимі концентрації. Токсичні речовини, потрапляючи в організм людини, знижують функції окремих систем і органів та призводять до імунодефіцитного стану організму. До токсичних елементів, за якими контролюються харчові продукти належать купрум (Cu), цинк (Zn), ферум (Fe), кадмій (Cd), плюмбум (Pb), арсен (As) та меркурій (Hg).Проблематика. Не дивлячись на значний прогрес фізико-хімічних методів аналізу, визначення токсичних елементів у сировині, напівфабрикатах та харчових продуктах є складним та проблемним, а питання розробки методів їх ідентифікації є актуальним.Мета. Порівняння методів інверсійної хронопотенціометрії (ІХП) та атомної абсорбції при визначенні вмісту токсичних елементів в соняшниковій олії на різних стадіях технологічного процесу її виробництва.Матеріали і методи. Соняшникову олію, одержану пресуванням та екстрагуванням, та суміш пресової з екстракційною різного ступеня очищення (гідратовану, нейтралізовану, вінтеризовану та рафіновану дезодоровану) досліджено методами ІХП та атомної абсорбції. При визначенні концентрації токсичних елементів методом ІХП встановлено тривалість інверсії анодного розчинення йонів металів, які попередньо були накопичені у процесі електролізуна поверхні індикаторного електроду.Результати. Аналіз зразків олії свідчить про те, що всі вони містять токсичні елементи, концентрація яких зменшується на кожній стадії виробництва олії, проте не перевищує допустимих рівнів, регламентованих нормативними документами.Висновки. Результати дослідження створюють передумови для широкого впровадження методу ІХП на рафінаційному виробництві, оскільки цей метод дозволяє визначати вміст токсичних елементів в рослинних оліях з високою збіжністю результатів відносно традиційно застосовуваного методу атомної абсорбції.
KEBUDAYAAN DAN WISATA SEJARAH
Authors: Mirdad Jamal , Bustamin Busatmin , Rustika A Desma
Published: August 2021

Indonesia is one of the countries that have the best tourist destinations in the world. This reality is supported by its natural wealth and various cultures. So that Indonesia is not only popular for its natural beauty but also for its historical tourist destinations. The crowning of Nagari Tuo Pariangan as the most beautiful village in the world by Travel Budget is proof of the existence of historical tourism in Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to analyze Culture and Historical Tourism: The Existence of Historical Objects on Tourism Development in Pariagan, Tanah Datar Regency. This paper uses a qualitative descriptive approach, then analyzed using Creswell Analysis. The results showed that in Nagari Pariangan there are several historical tourism objects, but there are four popular objects including the long grave, Ishlah Mosque, Nasurek Stone, and Balai Saruang which greatly affect the existence of tourism development in Nagari Pariangan. On the policy side, the Regional Government supports the development of culture and history-based tourism, although not maximally.
EPISTEMOLOGICAL DISCOURSE
Authors: Taufiqurrahman
Published: August 2021

This study discusses the paradigm of islamization and integration of science in discourse of epistemology as a tradition of islamic thought, to initiate a conceptual islamization of science. The method used was literature study with a historical approach to observe heuristic aspects, source criticism, and hypotheses. The Islamization of science can be seen from the methods used in a pluralistic, valid, and comprehensive manner, it is considered to exist if it is connected hierarchically as a multidimensional reality. The linkages of knowledge in Islam is an important aspect in Islamic epistemology, where the seeking for knowledge itself is not only an obligation, it is even a form of worship and is related to the values of al-Quran. The integration of Islamic science is a accommodation and absorption of islamic values in general science, as a reintroduction of scientific disciplines into the framework of Islam and the dissemination of Islamic science.
PERGERAKAN PELAJAR MINANGKABAU
Authors: Erman
Published: August 2021

The research aimed to reveal the history of the Raya Magazine and writing on political movements promoted by Islamic College students in Minangkabau. The research findings succeeded in revealing that Raya Magazine was present in the midst of strengthening colonial political pressure and the weakening of the national movement in the 1930s. The political movement was one of the themes of the national movement which was of special note and attention to the Islamic College Students Association. This theme was encountered in several articles during publication, mainly related to the weakening of non-cooperative parties in carrying out movements. The social situation that helped shape the theme of the political movement was the impact caused by the application of vergaderverbood in 1933 and arrested a number of non-cooperative parties leaders, especially Partindo, PNI Baru, and Permi.
TRADISI KHATAM QUR’AN DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER ANAK DI KECAMATAN TILATANG KABUPATEN AGAM
Authors: Sandora Lisna
Published: August 2021

The people of Tilatang Kamang, Agam Regency, West Sumatra have a tradition, namely the tradition of khatam Qur'an children. This tradition is a celebration / gratitude for the success of children in completing their recitation of the Koran (khatam). Usually this activity is held once a year, to be precise during school holidays. This tradition is a tradition that is ingrained in the life of the Tilatang Kamang community. This Quranic tradition of khatam is also found in several other areas in Minangkabau, but each region has its own uniqueness. In Tilatang Kamang this ceremony is enlivened by barracks around the village, the aim is to inform the crowd that there are several children in this area who have successfully finished reading the Qur'an (finished their studies) and can read the Koran properly and correctly. . The ceremony ended with the announcement of the winners of the khatam participants in the recitation of the Qur'an. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with an ethnographic approach. The data collection technique was done by interview and observation, while the data analysis technique used data reduction, reflection, and conclusion. The results of this study illustrate that the Khatam Qur'an ceremony has become a tradition for the Tilatang Kamang community of the Agam Regency for children who have completed their studies and also as one of the requirements for children to continue their education to a higher level.
HADITH DAN SEJARAH
Authors: Amal Khairul
Published: August 2021

This paper attempts to discuss the proper methodology in search for the authentic Islamic History. It discusses the relationship between two sister-disciplines, i.e. ?ad?th and History, their likenesses, many problems which the historians of Early Islam have to face in their research and the possibility of employing unique methodology of the study of ?ad?th on the study of Early Islamic History. The paper benefits from a plethora of monographs written by contemporary scholars of Islamic Studies. I conclude that Isn?d-cum-Matn Analysis developed separately by Gregor Schoeler and Harald Motzki seems promising for the study of Early Islam.This paper attempts to discuss the proper methodology in search for the authentic Islamic History. It discusses the relationship between two sister-disciplines, i.e. ?ad?th and History, their likenesses, many problems which the historians of Early Islam have to face in their research and the possibility of employing unique methodology of the study of ?ad?th on the study of Early Islamic History. The paper benefits from a plethora of monographs written by contemporary scholars of Islamic Studies. I conclude that Isn?d-cum-Matn Analysis developed separately by Gregor Schoeler and Harald Motzki seems promising for the study of Early Islam.
Merge-and-Shrink: A Compositional Theory of Transformations of Factored Transition Systems
Authors: Sievers Silvan , Helmert Malte
Published: August 2021

The merge-and-shrink framework has been introduced as a general approach for defining abstractions of large state spaces arising in domain-independent planning and related areas. The distinguishing characteristic of the merge-and-shrink approach is that it operates directly on the factored representation of state spaces, repeatedly modifying this representation through transformations such as shrinking (abstracting a factor of the representation), merging (combining two factors), label reduction (abstracting the way in which different factors interact), and pruning (removing states or transitions of a factor).

We provide a novel view of the merge-and-shrink framework as a “toolbox” or “algebra” of transformations on factored transition systems, with the construction of abstractions as only one possible application. For each transformation, we study desirable properties such as conservativeness (overapproximating the original transition system), inducedness (absence of spurious states and transitions), and refinability (reconstruction of paths in the original transition system from the transformed one). We provide the first complete characterizations of the conditions under which these desirable properties can be achieved. We also provide the first full formal account of factored mappings, the mechanism used within the merge-and-shrink framework to establish the relationship between states in the original and transformed factored transition system.

Unlike earlier attempts to develop a theory for merge-and-shrink, our approach is fully compositional: the properties of a sequence of transformations can be entirely understood by the properties of the individual transformations involved. This aspect is key to the use of merge-and-shrink as a general toolbox for transforming factored transition systems. New transformations can easily be added to our theory, with compositionality taking care of the seamless integration with the existing components. Similarly, new properties of transformations can be integrated into the theory by showing their compositionality and studying under which conditions they are satisfied by the building blocks of merge-and-shrink.
Set-to-Sequence Methods in Machine Learning: A Review
Authors: Jurewicz Mateusz , Derczynski Leon
Published: August 2021

Machine learning on sets towards sequential output is an important and ubiquitous task, with applications ranging from language modelling and meta-learning to multi-agent strategy games and power grid optimization. Combining elements of representation learning and structured prediction, its two primary challenges include obtaining a meaningful, permutation invariant set representation and subsequently utilizing this representation to output a complex target permutation. This paper provides a comprehensive introduction to the _eld as well as an overview of important machine learning methods tackling both of these key challenges, with a detailed qualitative comparison of selected model architectures.
Grammatical encoding of agency in Asturian middle constructions
Authors: Suárez-Palma Imanol
Published: August 2021

Middle-passive constructions in Asturian –a Romance language spoken in the diglossic region of Asturias, in northern Spain– appear to optionally allow the occurrence of the reflexive pronoun se in them (esti pan esmigáya(se) fácil; ‘this bread crumbles easily’); this has been traditionally considered a pleonastic use of the reflexive due to the influence of Spanish, i.e. the dominant language in the territory (ALLA 2001). Here, I claim that the presence of such pronoun is not optional; instead, I argue that this clitic spells out a passive Voice head encoding the participation of an implicit generic agent/experiencer in the event, giving rise to a generic se-passive configuration. The se-less counterpart, on the contrary, is only possible with unaccusative verbs and those undergoing the causative alternation, thus resulting in a generic inchoative configuration. Among the evidence I present supporting this claim is the fact that only the reflexive variant can control into a purpose clause, but it does not license the insertion of the PP por sí mesmu (‘by itself’); this is quite the opposite of what happens with the se-less counterpart. Additionally, I explain that the presence/absence of the reflexive in middle contexts in Asturian and Asturian Spanish may be subject to crosslinguistic influence; therefore, several cases of linguistic transfer between Asturian and Asturian Spanish are teased apart and discussed.
AMATÖR RİTMİK CİMNASTİK YAPAN ÇOCUKLARIN BESLENME ALIŞKANLIKLARI İLE EBEVEYN BESLEME TARZI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN SAPTANMASI
Authors: BOZDEMİR Ezgi , USLU Burcu , ALPHAN M. Emel
Published: August 2021

Spor yapan çocukların özel beslenme gereksinimleri bulunmaktadır. Bu gereksinimler, özellikle ritmik cimnastik gibi estetiğin ön planda olduğu spor branşlarında daha fazla önem kazanmaktadır. Sağlıklı beslenme alışkanlığının özellikle sporcu çocukların gelişimleri açısından küçük yaşta kazandırılması gerektiği ve bu alışkanlıkların da ebeveynlerin beslenme tarzlarından etkilendiği bilinmektedir. Bu kapsamda, bu çalışma amatör ritmik cimnastik yapan çocukların beslenme alışkanlıklarına dönüşen yeme davranışları ile ebeveynlerinin çocuklarını besleme tarzı arasındaki ilişkinin saptanması ve bu ilişkiyi etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında amatör sporculara velilerinden onay alınarak yüz yüze anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Yapılan anket çalışması sporcuların demografik verileri ve araştırmacılar tarafından araştırmanın amacına uygun hazırlanmış anne-baba eğitim durumu, boy ve ağırlık gibi bilgileri içeren bilgi formu ile çocuklar için beslenme davranışı ölçeği ve ebeveyn besleme tarzı ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Çocukları daha sağlıklı besinler tüketen ebeveynler tarafından duygusal ve enstrümantal besleme tarzının daha az kullanıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çocuk beslenme davranışı ve ebeveyn besleme tarzlarının demografik değişkenler ile ilişkisine yönelik olarak ise, çocuk besleme davranışının anne-baba eğitim durumu ve BKİ değerleri, ara öğün sayısı ve ara öğünde tercih edilen besin grubu gibi faktörlerden etkilenmediği sonucuna ulaşıldı. Diğer taraftan, ebeveyn besleme tarzının çocuğun yaşı, baba eğitim durumu, ara öğünde tercih edilen besinler gibi demografik faktörlerden etkilendiği, ancak anne ve baba BKİ değerleri, ara öğün sayısı gibi faktörlerden etkilenmediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçların ritmik cimnastik yapan çocuklar için ileriye dönük beslenme modelleri oluşturulması ve bu çocukların ebeveynlerine verilecek beslenme eğitimlerinin planlanması gibi konularda yol gösterici olduğu düşünülmektedir.
BEDEN EĞİTİMİ VE SPOR DERSİ MEMNUNİYET ÖLÇEĞİ GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİLİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: UĞRAŞ Sinan , TUTAL Varol
Published: August 2021

Bu araştırmada ortaöğrenimde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin beden eğitimi ve spor dersi memnuniyet düzeylerini belirleyen geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracının geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya Siirt Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğüne bağlı okullarda öğrenim gören % 53,9’u (n=261) erkek, % 46,1’i (223) kız öğrenci olmak üzere toplam 482 öğrenci katılmıştır. Ölçme aracı geliştirilirken 34 maddelik bir havuz oluşturulmuştur. Ölçek formu daha sonra açımlayıcı faktör analizi uygulanmış ve ölçek formundan gerekli koşulları sağlamayan 12 madde çıkarılmıştır. AFA sonucunda “Öğretmen Memnuniyeti”, “Tesis ve Spor Malzemesi Memnuniyeti” ve “ Ders Memnuniyeti” olarak 3 boyutlu ve 22 maddeden bir yapı oluşmuştur. “Öğretmen memnuniyeti” boyutunun açıkladığı varyans oranı % 38,013, “Tesis ve Spor Malzemesi Memnuniyeti” boyutunun açıkladığı varyans oranı % 10,821 ve son olarak “Ders İçerik memnuniyeti” boyutunun açıkladığı varyans oranı ise % 6.449 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu yapının sınanması için yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda 3 boyutlu ölçek formunun kabul edilebilir değerleri taşıdığı tespit edilmiştir. Beden eğitimi dersi memnuniyet ölçeğinin “Öğretmen memnuniyeti” boyutunda cronbach alpha değeri 0,921, “Tesis ve spor malzemesi” boyutunda 0,892 ve son olarak “Ders memnuniyeti” boyutunda 0,919 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. “Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Dersi Memnuniyet Ölçeğinin” geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
BEDEN EĞİTİMİ ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN UZAKTAN EĞİTİM YETERLİKLERİ ÖLÇEĞİ: BİR ÖLÇEK GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: SAĞIN Ahmet Enes , YÜCEKAYA Mehmet Akif , GÜLLÜ Mehmet
Published: August 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin uzaktan eğitim yeterliklerini ölçmek amacıyla bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Bu amaçla literatür taraması yapılmış, ardından ölçek ve anketler incelenmiştir. Daha sonra beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin uzaktan eğitim yeterliliklerinin neler olması gerektiği ile ilgili araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan “yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu” ile uzaktan eğitimde ders işleyen 13 beden eğitimi öğretmeni ile yüz yüze görüşme yapılmıştır. Ardından oluşturulan taslak form uzmanlara gösterilerek görüşleri alınmıştır. Uzmanlardan gelen dönütler neticesinde kapsam geçerlik oranı belirlenmiş ve .80’nin altında değer alan maddeler çalışmadan çıkarılmıştır. Oluşturulan 29 maddelik taslak form 316 beden eğitimi öğretmenine uygulanmış ve veriler analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan Açımlayıcı Faktör Analiziyle (AFA) birlikte “Planlama ve Teknoloji Kullanımı” “Uygulama ve Değerlendirme” olmak üzere 2 boyutlu ve toplam 18 maddelik bir yapıya ulaşılmıştır. Ölçekteki 18 maddenin açıkladığı toplam varyans oranının %48.840 olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ardından yapılan Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) sonuçlarına göre modelin uyum iyiliği indekslerinin χ2/sd (1.95), GFI (.91), CFI (.94), AGFI (.89), NFI (.90), IFI (.94), RMSEA (.05) kabul edilebilir sınırlar içerisinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin uzaktan eğitim yeterlikleri ölçeğinin (BEÖUEYÖ) geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermektedir.
ACUTE EFFECT OF FOAM ROLLER APPLIED AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCY LEVELS ON FLEXIBILITY IN AMPUTEE PLAYERS
Authors: GÜNAYDIN Gürkan
Published: August 2021

More than one method has been developed to increase flexibility. One of these methods is foam rolling applications. Although they have different forms, vibrating foam rollers have different frequencies. This study aims to determine the effects of foam roller application applied at different frequency levels on flexibility. Twenty male amputee athletes participating in the study were randomly divided into two groups. Then the flexibility levels of the players were evaluated. After the measurement, vibrating foam rollers with a frequency of 32 Hz and 62 Hz were applied to the 1st and 2nd groups, respectively. Finally, the flexibility measurement was repeated. For the data analysis, 2x2 repeated measures ANOVA was used. As a result of the analyses performed to determine the changes in the range of motion, the main time effect was found to be significant (p
FARKLI SESLERİN GENÇ FUTBOLCULARDA PAS ORANLARINA ETKİSİ: PİLOT ÇALIŞMA
Authors: KARTAL Alper
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı; farklı seslerin genç futbolcularda pas oranlarına etkisini incelenmektir. Çalışmanın örneklem grubunu yaş ortalaması 13.201.0 yıl, boy ortalaması 1600.5 cm, vücut ağırlık ortalaması 50.47.12 kg ve vücut kitle indeksi 19.591.55 kg/m2 olan toplam 20 gönüllü altyapı futbolcusu oluşturmuştur. Katılımcılara sessiz ortamda, olumsuz ses ve olumlu sesli ortamda pas testleri uygulanmış; olumsuz ses olarak vuvuzela sesi, olumlu ses olarak taraftar sesi dinletilmiştir. Testler sırasında ses düzeyi 80 desibel (dB) olarak belirlenmiştir ve ses sistemi 1 dakika süre içerisinde katılımcıların toplam kaç pas, isabetli pas ve yanlış pas yaptığını ölçmektedir. Katılımcılar 48 saat ara ile 3 farklı günde, her bir gün farklı bir ses uygulaması ile testlerini gerçekleştirmişler ve sesleri kura yöntemiyle belirlemişlerdir. Katılımcıların pas oranları Hit/İt pas ölçer ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. İstatistiksel analizler SPSS 20.00 paket programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların farklı ses türlerinde pas yüzde performansları arasındaki farkın belirlenmesinde Manova analizi kullanılmış; ortaya çıkan farklılıkların belirlenmesinde Benferonni testinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışma süresince anlamlılık düzeyi p0.05). Sonuç olarak genç futbolcuların baskı altında istatistiksel olarak daha fazla pas yaptıkları görülse de pas hata oranları da aynı orantıda yükselmiştir
AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT INVESTIGATION OF NORTHERN THAILAND USING GENERALIZED MONSOON INDEX
Authors:   Department of Geography, Faculty of Education, Ramkhamhaeng University. Bangkok. Thailand, Phumkokrux N , Sirito S. ,   Department of Geography, Faculty of Education, Ramkhamhaeng University. Bangkok. Thailand, Klaynadda S. ,   Department of Geography, Faculty of Education, Ramkhamhaeng University. Bangkok. Thailand, Sonsri P. ,   Department of Geography, Faculty of Education, Ramkhamhaeng University. Bangkok. Thailand
Published: August 2021

This research aims to study a change of rainfall and indicate levels of agricultural drought in the Southwest monsoon period of the northern region of Thailand by using the GMI. The rainfall data from June to September of the year 1987 to 2019 were collected from 21 meteorological stations over the northern region of Thailand. The data were used to create the maps of agricultural drought levels and to analyze the distribution of agricultural drought on the study period. Then, the distribution of total rainfall maps of each month and the trend of rainfall over the past 33 years were examined. The results showed that agricultural drought in Northern Thailand had no exact pattern. However, there was a drought impact on crops level in the lower part of Northern Thailand at the end of the Southwest monsoon period in 2019 with the GMI percentile score average (GMIpctsw) of 22.82 %. Furthermore, the severe drought impact and possible crop failure level were observed in the upper part of Northern Thailand in the same period. Moreover, the total rainfall sharply increased from June to August then decreased in September. The trend of total rainfall of the Southwest monsoon period (June to September) fluctuates along the study period with average value of 796.67 millimeter. Keywords: Agricultural drought; Drought in Thailand; Generalized Monsoon Index; Rainfall change
BUILDING REGULATORY PRACTICES IN 10 AFRICAN COUNTRIES IN THE FACE OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors:   Department of Architecture and Industrial Design, Tshwane University of Technology, Gaum T. , Laubscher J ,   Department of Architecture and Industrial Design, Tshwane University of Technology
Published: August 2021

The expected increase in building activities on the African continent and the anticipated future vulnerability of the continent in the face of climate change require investigation. This paper compares the building regulatory practices in 10 African countries to determine their responses to climate change. Various studies highlight the contribution of the built environment to total global greenhouse gas emissions, which mainly includes Water vapour (H₂O), Carbon dioxide (CO₂), Methane (CH₄) and Nitrous oxide (N₂O). Additionally, the relationship between greenhouse gas emissions, specifically CO₂ and construction activities, is generally accepted due to increased energy use (IPCC, 2019). With just 10 years left, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals are unlikely to be achieved by 2030. This exploratory study aims to establish whether the built environment of the 10 identified countries are currently taking any action towards the climate change effects and, if so, to determine their response and format. The paper reviews and compares present-day built environment regulatory policies on the African continent, focusing on energy efficiency measures. The results could be interpreted as a baseline when evaluating current policies, making the study beneficial to the selected countries and the broader African built environment. The study points towards a lack of building energy codes by the biggest emitters on the African continent. As part of the recommendations, African countries are encouraged to consider revising the regulatory documents governing the built environment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions on the continent. Keywords: Building regulatory practices, climate change, greenhouse gas emissions, energy efficiency policies
AN EVALUATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE FROM A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE OF TURKEY IN THE SCOPE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors:   Department of Law, the Justice Vocational School, Kocaeli University, Turkey, Alan Ilemin N
Published: August 2021

Climate change is a global emergency. Each country's efforts and responses to climate change are of significance individually. The dynamics behind their attitudes are needed to be understood to harmonize global response. Turkey is of a different legal approach than the international community generally. For instance, it is the only G20 country that is not a party to the Paris Agreement. Also, the legal perspective of Turkey is of particular significance for the European Union to achieve its targets. Thus, the question of international legal steps taken and the next steps by Turkey arises. To evaluate this situation, the legal frameworks are analyzed with specific reference to Turkey. It was found that Turkey has been demanding to be recognized as a developing country in the international climate instruments. Although Turkey put some afford to act against climate change, it was not seen as adequate by scientific reports. Also, international and regional human rights instruments have been invoked by individuals for the current policies of Turkey and legal proceedings were started. For an efficient response to climate change, key points regarding common but differentiated responsibilities, the relationships between international and national laws, and the importance of laws with comparing regulations and political instruments are addressed to see how these points can inform recommendations. It is concluded that the ratification of the Paris Agreement is required in the first place. Then, enriched legal perspective in international law, and new specific climate laws in national laws are a necessity to provide a meaningful legal response to this global threat. It is hoped that other legal systems may benefit from analyzing its legal perspective. Every country needs to contribute to the shared enterprise of combatting climate change if the future of humanity and the natural world is to be assured. Keywords: Climate Change, Turkey, International Law, the Paris Agreement
Ergenlerin Öznel İyi Oluş Düzeylerinin Ebeveyn Çatışması, Öz-yeterlik ve Demografik Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: SAYIN Yağmur , ALTUN Fatma
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışma kapsamında ergenlerin öznel iyi oluş düzeyleri üzerinde algılanan ebeveyn çatışması, öz-yeterlik ve yaş değişkenlerinin rolünü incelemek amaçlanmaktadır. Ayrıca araştırmada, öznel iyi oluşun cinsiyet, ebeveyn ile yaşama durumu, aylık gelir ve ebeveyn tutumu değişkenlerine göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı incelenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın araştırma grubu 615 ortaokul ve lise öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın veri toplama araçlarını Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Ergen Öznel İyi Oluş Ölçeği, Çocukların Evlilik Çatışmasını Algılaması Ölçeği ve Çocuklar için Öz-yeterlik Ölçeği oluşturmaktadır. Öznel iyi oluşun açıklanmasında kurulan modelin anlamlı olduğu ve varyansın %33’ünü açıkladığı belirlenmiştir. Buna göre ergenlerin öznel iyi oluşunda öz-yeterlik inançları pozitif, algılanan ebeveyn çatısması ise negative yönde anlamlı yordayıcılardır. Demografik değişkenlere göre incelendiğinde ise cinsiyet, ebeveynle yaşama durumu ve aylık gelirin ergenlerin öznel iyi oluş düzeylerinde anlamlı bir farklılaşmaya yol açmadığı, ancak ebeveyn tutumlarına göre öğrencilerin öznel iyi oluş puanlarında anlamlı fark olduğu bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda ergenlerin öznel iyi oluşları üzerinde yüksek öz-yeterlik inançları ile güven verici ve destekleyici ebeveyn tutumlarının olumlu katkı sağladığı buna karşın ebeveyn çatısmasının olumsuz yönde etki ettiği belirlenmiştir.
9. Sınıf Fizik Ders Kitaplarında Kullanılan Örnek Türlerinin Karşılaştırılması: Enerji Ünitesi
Authors: KAYA Özgül , ALKAN Sevilay
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmada 9. sınıf fizik ders kitaplarında enerji ünitesinde yer verilen örnek türlerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Enerji ünitesinde kullanılan örnek türleri Alkan (2016) tarafından geliştirilen ve başlangıç, standart, geliştirici, örnek dışı, uç ve karşıt örneklerden oluşan sınıflandırmaya göre analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın yöntemi doküman analizi olup doküman olarak 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında fizik dersi için Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı tarafından uygun görülen ve öğretime sunulan iki ders kitabı incelenmiştir. Birinci ders kitabında (DK1) enerji ünitesinde 65 örnek tespit edilmiştir. Bu örneklerin 35’i başlangıç, 21’i standart, 24’ü geliştirici, 3’ü örnek dışı ve 5’i de karşıt örnek türlerine ait olduğu belirlenmiştir. İkinci ders kitabında (DK2) ise 62 örnek tespit edilmiş olup bu örneklerin 27’si başlangıç, 9’u standart, 32’si geliştirici, 4’ü örnek dışı ve 4’ü karşıt örnek türlerine ait olduğu görülmüştür. Bu iki ders kitabında da uç örneklerin yer almadığı tespit edilmiştir. 9. sınıf düzeyi öğrencilerin fizik öğretimine giriş yaptığı düzeydir. Bu bakımdan başlangıç ve standart örneklerin sayısının fazla olması beklenen bir durumdur. Fizik öğretim programında yer alan diğer ünitelerdeki konularında, örnek türleri açısından incelenmesi ve okullarda kullanılması uygun görülen fizik ders kitaplarının bu açıdan karşılaştırılması tavsiye edilir.
Poor knowledge of anemia and sexually transmitted disease but better knowledge of HIV/AIDS among unmarried adolescents aged 15-24 years
Authors: Sahiratmadja Edhyana , Raharja Mugia Bayu , Setiawati Elsa Pudji , Panigoro Ramdan
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND Basic knowledge of sexual and reproductive health is important to be introduced during the premarital period, to reduce high-risk sexual behavior among adolescents, as well as to increase the correct attitude in their future marriage. This study explored the knowledge of HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and anemia among unmarried adolescents.
METHODS This was a cross-sectional analytical study on secondary data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Population Survey 2017, initially conducted by the National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN). Knowledge of HIV/AIDS, STDs and anemia among unmarried adolescents aged 15-24 years in West Java Province and Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, was compared and analyzed using the chi-square test.
RESULTS In total, 5,389 weighted data were retrieved. In general, adolescents in Jakarta had better knowledge of all diseases compared to those in West Java (p<0.001). Knowledge of anemia and STDs was poor compared to that of HIV/AIDS which was moderate to good (p<0.001). Interestingly, although the adolescents had a middle-low wealth index (43%), the majority (>90%) had their own mobile phone with almost daily internet access, however most of their information sources on health education were from their school period.
CONCLUSION Premarital education in schools is imperative to enhance the knowledge of STDs and anemia. Moreover, poor knowledge of anemia is a challenge for introducing the topic of thalassemia major, an inherited autosomal recessive type of anemia due to hemoglobinopathy. Since Indonesia is harboring 6-10% of thalassemia carriers, integrative premarital education is needed for better family planning.
Extracoporeal shockwave treatment decreases pain, functional limitations and medial collateral ligament thickness in subjects aged 50-70 years with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Kokok Andwi Setiawan , Tamin Tirza Z , Murdana Nyoman , Widyahening Indah Suci
Published: August 2021

BackgroundPain from knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) can have a significant impact on the physical function and quality of life of affected individuals worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on pain, flexibility, function, and medial collateral ligament (MCL) thickness in knee osteoarthritis (KOA).
MethodsA study of quasi experimental design was performed involving 15 subjects aged 50 – 70 years with Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2-3 KOA. All subjects were evaluated regarding baseline -pain using visual analogue scale (VAS), range of motion (ROM), functional outcome using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), and MCL size. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy was given 3 times, at baseline, and 4 and 8 weeks after intervention. All subjects were given 4000 shocks at intensities of 1.5 – 4 Bar (raised gradually) per session. The shocks were given in the supine position, knee flexed 90o, without topical anesthetic. Statistical analyses were conducted using a dependent t-test.
ResultsAfter 8 weeks of intervention, ESWT significantly improved pain score (p<0.01), WOMAC (p<0.01) and MCL thickness (p<0.01) in patients with OA of the knee. However, there was no significant difference in knee ROM, both for degree of flexion and extension (p>0.05).
ConclusionThe use of ESWT for treatment of knee OA had a beneficial effect on pain relief, function outcome and MCL thickness. However, there remains a lack of clarity regarding the frequency and dosage levels of ESWT required to achieve maximum improvement.
San’yas Indigenous Cultural Safety Training as an Educational Intervention: Promoting Anti-Racism and Equity in Health Systems, Policies, and Practices
Authors: Browne Annette J. , Varcoe Colleen , Ward Cheryl
Published: August 2021

The San’yas Indigenous Cultural Safety Training Program is an Indigenous-led, policy-driven, and systems-level educational intervention to foster health equity and mitigate the effects of systemic racism experienced by Indigenous people in health and other sectors. Currently, San’yas is being scaled-up across Canada. This article focuses on the following: (a) the pedagogical underpinnings of San’yas grounded in transformational learning principles and Indigenous knowledges; (b) the scope, reach, and scale-up of San’yas as an explicit anti-racism educational intervention; (c) its unique program delivery approaches; and (d) program evaluation trends. We discuss the insights gained from implementing San’yas over the past decade, which will be relevant for leaders and policy-makers concerned with implementing anti-racism educational interventions as part of broader system transformation.