bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vessel-Sealing Capability of Novel Microwave Sealer: Experimental Study in Animal Models
Authors: Dang Khiem Tran , Naka Shigeyuki , Yamada Atsushi , Mukaisho Ken-ichi , Tani Tohru
Published: July 2020

Background. Ultrasonically activated dissectors (UADs) and radiofrequency-based devices have been considered excellent surgical devices because of their reliability and flexibility. Meanwhile, microwave-based devices have demonstrated potential with their unique heating mechanism. This study aims to compare the sealing function of a newly invented forceps-like microwave sealer (MS) with that of currently available UADs. Materials and Methods. MS and 2 examples of UADs (Harmonic Focus+ [HF+] and Sonicision [SNC]) were employed to perform mesenterectomies (in vivo) and sealing sizable vessels (ex vivo). Vessel diameter, seal time, burst pressure (BP), sealing completion, and instrument sticking were recorded. The samples underwent histological investigation for thermal damage evaluation. Results. During mesenterectomies, MS required 3 seconds and 30 W to secure a complete seal. The BP achieved by the MS seal was higher than that of HF+ and SNC on arteries (851 ± 203.7 vs 682.4 ± 287.3, P < .05; vs 833.1 ± 251.2 mmHg, P = .4523, respectively) but was not statistically different on veins (324.9 ± 203.5 vs 460.1 ± 320.3 vs 508.3 ± 350.7 mmHg, P = .215). In all trials, MS caused less sticking but exhibited similar heat-induced alterations to UADs. MS’s thermal spread was not statistically more extended than that of UADs on either arteries or veins. Conclusions. MS was capable of not only sealing tiny vessels but also achieving high-pressure endurance on sizable vessels. Its forceful grasping and synchronous heating process helped create solid stumps with an acceptable thermal spread.
A Systematic Methodological Review of Hierarchical Linear Modeling in Mixed Methods Research
Authors: Bash Kirstie L. , Howell Smith Michelle C. , Trantham Pam S.
Published: July 2020

The use of advanced quantitative methods within mixed methods research has been investigated in a limited capacity. In particular, hierarchical linear models are a popular approach to account for multilevel data, such as students within schools, but its use and value as the quantitative strand in a mixed methods study remains unknown. This article examines the role of hierarchical linear modeling in mixed methods research with emphasis on design choice, priority, and rationales. The results from this systematic methodological review suggest that hierarchical linear modeling does not overshadow the contributions of the qualitative strand. Our study contributes to the field of mixed methods research by offering recommendations for the use of hierarchical linear modeling as the quantitative strand in mixed methods studies.
Centrifugal pump wear for solid–liquid two-phase flows based on computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method coupling
Authors: Li Yi , Zeng Xiaodong , Lv Wenshuai , He Zhaohui
Published: July 2020

In the conveying process of a solid–liquid two-phase medium, the wear of the flow passage components is unavoidable. In this study, the solid–liquid two-phase flow in a centrifugal pump was numerically simulated by computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method coupling. For particle diameters up to 3 mm, the particle–particle and particle–wall interactions were considered in the simulation. Two-phase performance and wear experiments for different flow rates and particle concentrations were conducted. The wear experiment was carried out for 48 h at each mass concentration. In these experiments, a paint film method was used to display the wear position, and the wall thickness of the flow passage was measured using an ultrasonic thickness gauge. The results show that the instantaneous wear rate of the impeller, volute, and wear plate in the pump changed periodically with the impeller rotation. The volute wall wear was related to the particle movement. With the increase in the particle mass concentration, the wear rate increased. However, the rate of increase of the wear rate decreased because the particles moved to the wall in the volute to form a particle layer. Increasing the concentration did not linearly increase the effect of the particles on the wall.
Type IIIB and IV hypoplastic thumb reconstruction with non-vascularized fourth metatarsal
Authors: Liu Bo , Chen Shanlin , Chow Esther Ching San , Li Pengcheng , Liu Kun , Yang Chen
Published: July 2020

We treated 16 patients with 17 hypoplastic thumbs (eight Type IIIB and nine Type IV) using a non-vascularized fourth metatarsal transfer with a rotational flap and multi-staged reconstruction. The average age at the first operation was 24 months. The average follow-up time was 46 months. All patients achieved reasonable hand function and were able to use the reconstructed thumb to grip small and large objects. The operated thumb achieved an average Kapandji score of 6.7 and average pinch strength of 0.9 kg. There were two cases of graft nonunion. All parents are satisfied with the function and appearance of the reconstructed thumb and donor foot. We conclude that non-vascularized fourth metatarsal transfer is a feasible reconstruction method for patients with Types IIIB and IV hypoplastic thumbs. The reconstruction allows for the preservation of a 5-digit hand with reasonable function and appearance and minimal donor site morbidity, although long-term growth of the metatarsals still need to be monitored.

Level of evidence: IV
Ivabradine and endothelium: an update
Authors: Dallapellegrina Lucia , Sciatti Edoardo , Vizzardi Enrico
Published: July 2020

Ivabradine is a pure heart-rate lowering drug that is nowadays used, accordingly to the last ESC Guidelines, to reduce mortality and heart failure (HF) hospitalization in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction and in symptomatic patiens with inappropriate sinus tachycardia. Moreover, interesting effect of ivabradine on endothelial and myocardial function and on oxidative stress and inflamation pathways are progressively emerging. The aim of this paper is to highlight newer evidences about ivabradine effect (and consequently possible future application of the drug) in pathological settings different from guidelines-based clinical practice.
Community singing, wellbeing and older people: implementing and evaluating an English singing for health intervention in Rome
Authors: Corvo E , Skingley A , Clift S
Published: July 2020

Aim:

The aim of this research was to explore the transferability and effectiveness of the English Silver Song Clubs model for older people in a different social and cultural context, that is, in the capital city of Italy, Rome.

Methods:

A single condition, pretest, post-test design was implemented. Participants completed the following two questionnaires: EuroQoL-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) and York Short Form (SF)-12.

Results:

After the singing experience, participants showed a decrease in their levels of anxiety and depression. An improvement was also found from baseline to follow-up in reported performance of usual activities. The English study showed a difference between the singing and non-singing groups at 3 and 6 months on mental health, and after 3 months on specific anxiety and depression measures. This study (Rome) shows similar findings with an improvement on specific anxiety and depression items.

Conclusion:

Policy makers in different national contexts should consider social singing activities to promote the health and wellbeing of older adults as they are inexpensive to run and have been shown to be enjoyable and effective.
Improving wrist imaging through a multicentre educational intervention: The challenge of orthogonal projections
Authors: Snaith Beverly , Raine Scott , Fowler Lynsey , Osborne Christopher , House Sophie , Holmes Ryan , Tattersall Emma , Pierce Emma , Dobson Melanie , Harcus James W
Published: July 2020

Introduction

In relation to wrist imaging, the accepted requirement is two orthogonal projections obtained at 90°, each with the wrist in neutral position. However, the literature and anecdotal experience suggests that this principle is not universally applied.

Method

This multiphase study was undertaken across eight different hospitals sites. Compliance with standard UK technique was confirmed if there was a change in ulna orientation between the dorsi-palmar (DP) and lateral wrist projections. A baseline evaluation for three days was randomly identified from the preceding three months. An educational intervention was implemented using a poster to demonstrate standard positioning. To measure the impact of the intervention, further evaluation took place at two weeks (early) and three months (late).

Results

Across the study phases, only a minority of radiographs demonstrated compliance with the standard technique, with an identical anatomical appearance of the distal ulna across the projections. Initial compliance was 16.8% ( n = 40/238), and this improved to 47.8% ( n = 77/161) post-intervention, but declined to 32.8% ( n = 41/125) within three months. The presence of pathology appeared to influence practice, with a greater proportion of those with an abnormal radiographic examination demonstrating a change in ulna appearances in the baseline cohort ( p < 0.001) and the late post-intervention group ( p = 0.002) but not in the examinations performed two weeks after staff education ( p = 0.239).

Conclusion

Assessment of image quality is critical for diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Yet poor compliance with standard anatomical principles was evident. A simple educational intervention resulted in a transient improvement in wrist positioning, but the impact was not sustained over time.
Response of Understory Bird Feeding Groups to Deforestation Gradient in a Tropical Rainforest of Cameroon
Authors: Tchoumbou Mélanie A. , Malange Elikwo F. N. , Tiku Claire T. , Tibab Brice , Fru-Cho Jerome , Tchuinkam Timoléon , Awah-Ndukum Julius , Anong Nota Damian , Sehgal Ravinder N. M.
Published: July 2020

Birds are crucial in maintaining the balance of many ecosystems and provide various ecological services. Understanding their sensitivity to human disturbances should be prioritized in understudy areas for effective conservation practices. Using mist nets, this study characterized mostly understory bird communities (insectivorous, frugivorous, granivorous, and nectarivorous birds) in three habitat types (pristine forest, selectively logged forest, and young oil palm plantation) in the Talangaye rainforest, Southwest Cameroon. A total of 845 birds belonging to 27 families and 85 species were recorded in the three habitats after 294 h of mist netting. Overall, the mist-netted community was largely dominated by insectivores, followed by frugivores, nectarivores, granivores, and carnivores. Although mean species richness, abundance, and Simpson diversity index did not vary significantly among habitat types, mean species abundance and diversity index decreased in selectively logged forest and young oil palm plantation and species richness increased in both habitats. The species richness, abundance, and diversity index for insectivorous and frugivorous birds were lowest in the young oil palm plantations. For granivores, species richness and abundance increased following selective logging and the establishment of oil palm plantation. The highest mean species richness and diversity index in nectarivores were recorded in the young oil palm plantations. The study showed that selective logging and establishment of oil palm plantation had variable effects on the bird communities in the Talangaye rainforest. Also, the frugivorous birds appeared to be more sensitive to both types of disturbances, while the insectivores were more sensitive to habitat loss/conversion.
Return to Work Following Arthroscopic Meniscal Allograft Transplantation
Authors: Agarwalla Avinesh , Liu Joseph N. , Christian David R. , Garcia Grant H. , Cvetanovich Gregory L. , Gowd Anirudh K. , Yanke Adam B. , Cole Brian J.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Evaluate the ability of patients to return to work (RTW) following arthroscopic meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) for meniscal deficiency.

Methods

Consecutive patients undergoing MAT were retrospectively reviewed at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively. Patients completed a subjective work questionnaire, Visual Analogue Scale for pain, Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation, and satisfaction.

Results

Forty-seven patients who were employed within 3 years prior to surgery (average age: 30.2 ± 6.9 years) were contacted at an average of 3.5 ± 0.9 years postoperatively. Forty-six patients (97.8%) returned to work by 2.7 ± 2.6 months postoperatively, and 44 patients (93.6%) returned to the same level of occupational intensity. Patients who held sedentary, light, medium, or high intensity occupations were able to RTW at a rate of 100.0%, 100.0%, 88.9%, and 85.7% ( P = 0.4) by 1.1 ± 1.0 months, 2.5 ± 2.5 months, 3.5 ± 3.2 months, and 4.3 ± 2.8 months ( P = 0.3) postoperatively. Thirty-eight patients (80.9%) were at least somewhat satisfied, and 43 patients (91.5%) would still have the operation if presented the opportunity. No patient underwent revision MAT or conversion to arthroplasty.

Conclusion

In patients with painful meniscal deficiency, MAT provides a high rate of RTW (97.8%) by 2.7 ± 2.6 months postoperatively. However, some patients may be unable to return to their previous level of occupational intensity. Although statistically insignificant, patients with higher intensity occupations may have a lower rate and longer duration until RTW than those with less physically demanding occupations. Information regarding RTW is imperative for appropriately managing postoperative expectations.
Brass tacks on iron: Ferrous metallurgy in Science and Civilisation in China
Authors: Wagner Donald B
Published: July 2020

This article is a memoire of the author’s work in producing the volume of Science and Civilisation in China focusing on ferrous metallurgy.
On the Concept of Community: A Tribute to Professor Shyama Charan Dube (25 July 1922–4 February 1996)
Authors: Srivastava Vinay Kumar
Published: July 2020

About social structure, A. L. Kroeber said that it is a ‘pleasant puzzle’, because there are several opinions on its constitution. In a similar vein, R. K. Merton said that social structure is polyphyletic and polymorphous, i.e. it has many meanings and ideas. The same is true of the concept of community. We use many concepts that we understand, but when it comes to defining them in precise terms, we start facing problems, and the concept of community is one of them. This paper submits that community is one concept that is not being discussed these days. Here, it is taken up for a detailed treatment against the backdrop of the case of a pastoral community from Rajasthan.
Complexity is never simple: Intangible intensity and analyst accuracy
Authors: Ferrer Elena , Santamaría Rafael , Suárez Nuria
Published: July 2020

We examine the relationship between intangible intensity and the accuracy of analyst forecasts. Using an international sample of 2,200 firms during 2000–2016, we show that analyst accuracy decreases significantly when intangible intensity grows. In exploring the determinants of this effect, we distinguish between firm risk and the risk associated with intangibles. Our results reveal the role of financial reporting quality, ownership structure, and institutional quality in moderating the relationship between intangible intensity and analyst accuracy. Analyst forecast accuracy acts as a channel through which the higher levels of information asymmetry associated with intangible intensity affect the cost of equity. Our results are robust to different intangible intensity measures; mandatory changes in financial reporting standards; the implementation of transparency rules in certain industry sectors; and financial crisis periods. We have devised alternative econometric tools that deal with potential sample selection bias and the dynamics of our empirical model.

JEL CLASSIFICATION: G00, G14, G30, M41
Illuminating the Complexity of Oral Reading Fluency: A Multiple Lens Approach
Authors: Percle Amanda , Arrington Laura , Flurkey Alan D. , Damico Holly , Weill Christine , Damico Jack , Nelson Ryan L.
Published: July 2020

Oral reading fluency is recognized as an important variable associated with the assessment of reading proficiency. Frequently, fluency assessments distill a child’s overall reading fluency to a single numerical score. Even when multiple dimensions are considered, the processes informing the nuance of the reading fluency variations are ignored. In order to shed light on the issue, we use an instrumental case study approach to illuminate how a reader’s fluency varies within a passage. We describe the insight this variability provides to teachers and researchers interested in understanding how readers transact with print. Specifically, we apply a multiple lens approach to analyze one child’s oral reading fluency and address the question: What variables contribute to a reader’s fluency? We combine eye movement miscue analysis and Flurkey’s oral reading flow and compare these assessments to Rasinski’s well-established fluency instrument. This methodology led to the identification of six variables influencing oral reading fluency. Five of the influential factors could not be observed using the traditional fluency measure. These five variables illuminate the complexity of oral reading fluency and support greater understanding of a reader’s abilities. This strengths-based conceptualization of fluency offers supportive rather than subtractive insight into a reader’s fluctuations in oral reading fluency. Our findings highlight a need for professionals to more adequately consider the conceptualizations of oral reading fluency.
Engagement From the Periphery: Reconceptualizing Adult English Language Learners’ Resistance in Developmental Literacy
Authors: Suh Emily K.
Published: July 2020

English language learners’ nonparticipation and reticence in adult literacy classes are often presented problematically from a deficit lens of student resistance and disengagement. This article draws from an ethnographic case study of Generation 1 learners, who are defined as adult-arrival immigrant learners, transitioning from an adult English as a Second Language class to a developmental literacy class. By examining learners’ resistance through a framework of agency enactment, the study bridges the fields of adult literacy and Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages, both of which support adult-arrival immigrants entering the U.S. education system. The resulting analysis illustrates how Generation 1 learners’ acts of resistance can be complex presentations of their literacy identities and their engagement in classroom literacy practices.
The Circulation of Care in Multilingual and Transnational Children
Authors: Kwon Jungmin
Published: July 2020

Employing a multisited ethnographic stance, this study examined second-generation Korean immigrant children who sustain linkages with their parental homelands to better understand how transnationalism shapes their language and literacy practices by documenting their experiences in and across multiple spaces in North Carolina, the United States, and Seoul, South Korea. Findings suggest that the circulation of care, or the multidirectional and reciprocal exchange of support and care, functioned at the center of the children’s multilingual and transnational lives. The children actively engaged in language and literacy interactions through which they forged and extended meaningful ties with their parental homelands and strengthened intergenerational relationships. This study challenges the binary and fixed notions of home/host countries and highlights the need for longitudinal, multisited research on immigrant children’s transnational journeys with careful attention to the mobility of their language and literacy across generations and countries.
Mushfaking It: Postsecondary Academic Literacy Practices of Students From Refugee Backgrounds
Authors: Hoff Meagan A.
Published: July 2020

Relatively little is known about the long-term academic literacy development of refugee-background students, particularly at the postsecondary level. The purpose of this study was to understand how refugee students leveraged their cultural and linguistic resources to navigate a competency-based online college program. Using a multiple case study, this research examined the literacy practices of two focal students from Iraq. This article discusses two main themes: becoming students and acquiring academic Discourses. Both participants were actively renegotiating their identities as students, writers, and readers within a new linguistic and academic context. Findings suggest that mushfake Discourse might be a valuable perspective in helping refugee-background students by positioning them with greater agency in their literacy practices as they intuit, question, and manipulate norms to reach their academic goals.
The Compassionate Communities Connectors model for end-of-life care: a community and health service partnership in Western Australia
Authors: Aoun Samar M. , Abel Julian , Rumbold Bruce , Cross Kate , Moore Jo , Skeers Piari , Deliens Luc
Published: July 2020

Background:

There is an international drive towards increasing provision of community-led models of social and practical support for people living with advanced illness.

Aim:

This feasibility project aims to develop, implement and evaluate a model of community volunteers, identified as Compassionate Communities Connectors, to support people living with advanced life limiting illnesses/palliative care needs. The aims also include the development and evaluation of a training programme for volunteers and assessment of the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of this model of care.

Methods:

The approach seeks to map and mobilise people’s personal networks of care through the Connectors enlisting Caring Helpers (community volunteers). Up to 10 Connectors will be trained to work with at least 30 families selected by the palliative care service as requiring support. The primary outcome is the effect of the intervention on social connectedness. Secondary outcomes are the intervention’s effect on unplanned hospital utilisation, caregiver support needs, advance care plans and satisfaction with intervention for patients/carers, volunteers and service providers.

Conclusion:

It is expected that this intervention will enhance patient, carer and family social, psychological and practical support and reduce the need for dying people to be admitted to a hospital.
Reevaluation of excessive erythrocytosis in diagnosing chronic mountain sickness in men from the world’s highest city
Authors: Oberholzer Laura , Lundby Carsten , Stauffer Emeric , Ulliel-Roche Mathilde , Hancco Ivan , Pichon Aurélien , Lundby Anne-Kristine Meinild , Villafuerte Francisco C. , Verges Samuel , Robach Paul
Published: July 2020

The diagnosis of chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is based on a score including 7 clinical features (breathlessness, sleep disturbance, cyanosis, venous dilatation, paresthesia, headache, and tinnitus) in the setting of extreme erythrocytosis. Examining individuals in La Rinconada, Peru, the highest city in the world, the authors demonstrated that CMS at extreme altitude is not linked to elevation of hemoglobin, since CMS+ and CMS− individuals had similar levels of erythrocytosis.
DLBCL patients treated with CD19 CAR T cells experience a high burden of organ toxicities but low nonrelapse mortality
Authors: Wudhikarn Kitsada , Pennisi Martina , Garcia-Recio Marta , Flynn Jessica R. , Afuye Aishat , Silverberg Mari Lynne , Maloy Molly A. , Devlin Sean M. , Batlevi Connie Lee , Shah Gunjan L. , Scordo Michael , Palomba Maria Lia , Dahi Parastoo B. , Sauter Craig S. , Santomasso Bianca D. , Mead Elena , Perales Miguel-Angel
Published: July 2020

Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome are the most notable toxicities of CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. In addition, CAR T-cell–mediated toxicities can involve any organ system, with varied impacts on outcomes, depending on patient factors and involved organs. We performed detailed analysis of organ-specific toxicities and their association with outcomes in 60 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with CD19 CAR T cells by assessing all toxicities in organ-based groups during the first year posttreatment. We observed 539 grade ≥2 and 289 grade ≥3 toxicities. Common grade ≥3 toxicities included hematological, metabolic, infectious, and neurological complications, with corresponding 1-year cumulative incidence of 57.7%, 54.8%, 35.4%, and 18.3%, respectively. Patients with impaired performance status had a higher risk of grade ≥3 metabolic complications, whereas elevated lactate dehydrogenase was associated with higher risks of grade ≥3 neurological and pulmonary toxicities. CRS was associated with higher incidence of grade ≥3 metabolic, pulmonary, and neurologic complications. The 1-year nonrelapse mortality and overall survival were 1.7% and 69%, respectively. Only grade ≥3 pulmonary toxicities were associated with an increased mortality risk. In summary, toxicity burdens after CD19 CAR T-cell therapy were high and varied by organ systems. Most toxicities were manageable and were rarely associated with mortality. Our study emphasizes the importance of toxicity assessment, which could serve as a benchmark for further research to reduce symptom burdens and improve tolerability in patients treated with CAR T cells.
A cell-level quality control workflow for high-throughput image analysis
Authors: Qiu Minhua , Zhou Bin , Lo Frederick , Cook Steven , Chyba Jason , Quackenbush Doug , Matzen Jason , Li Zhizhong , Mak Puiying Annie , Chen Kaisheng , Zhou Yingyao
Published: July 2020

Background

Image-based high throughput (HT) screening provides a rich source of information on dynamic cellular response to external perturbations. The large quantity of data generated necessitates computer-aided quality control (QC) methodologies to flag imaging and staining artifacts. Existing image- or patch-level QC methods require separate thresholds to be simultaneously tuned for each image quality metric used, and also struggle to distinguish between artifacts and valid cellular phenotypes. As a result, extensive time and effort must be spent on per-assay QC feature thresholding, and valid images and phenotypes may be discarded while image- and cell-level artifacts go undetected.

Results

We present a novel cell-level QC workflow built on machine learning approaches for classifying artifacts from HT image data. First, a phenotype sampler based on unlabeled clustering collects a comprehensive subset of cellular phenotypes, requiring only the inspection of a handful of images per phenotype for validity. A set of one-class support vector machines are then trained on each biologically valid image phenotype, and used to classify individual objects in each image as valid cells or artifacts. We apply this workflow to two real-world large-scale HT image datasets and observe that the ratio of artifact to total object area (ARcell) provides a single robust assessment of image quality regardless of the underlying causes of quality issues. Gating on this single intuitive metric, partially contaminated images can be salvaged and highly contaminated images can be excluded before image-level phenotype summary, enabling a more reliable characterization of cellular response dynamics.

Conclusions

Our cell-level QC workflow enables identification of artificial cells created not only by staining or imaging artifacts but also by the limitations of image segmentation algorithms. The single readout ARcell that summaries the ratio of artifacts contained in each image can be used to reliably rank images by quality and more accurately determine QC cutoff thresholds. Machine learning-based cellular phenotype clustering and sampling reduces the amount of manual work required for training example collection. Our QC workflow automatically handles assay-specific phenotypic variations and generalizes to different HT image assays.
USMPep: universal sequence models for major histocompatibility complex binding affinity prediction
Authors: Vielhaben Johanna , Wenzel Markus , Samek Wojciech , Strodthoff Nils
Published: July 2020

Background

Immunotherapy is a promising route towards personalized cancer treatment. A key algorithmic challenge in this process is to decide if a given peptide (neoepitope) binds with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). This is an active area of research and there are many MHC binding prediction algorithms that can predict the MHC binding affinity for a given peptide to a high degree of accuracy. However, most of the state-of-the-art approaches make use of complicated training and model selection procedures, are restricted to peptides of a certain length and/or rely on heuristics.

Results

We put forward USMPep, a simple recurrent neural network that reaches state-of-the-art approaches on MHC class I binding prediction with a single, generic architecture and even a single set of hyperparameters both on IEDB benchmark datasets and on the very recent HPV dataset. Moreover, the algorithm is competitive for a single model trained from scratch, while ensembling multiple regressors and language model pretraining can still slightly improve the performance. The direct application of the approach to MHC class II binding prediction shows a solid performance despite of limited training data.

Conclusions

We demonstrate that competitive performance in MHC binding affinity prediction can be reached with a standard architecture and training procedure without relying on any heuristics.
The regeneration of Acer rubrum L. “October Glory” through embryonic callus
Authors: Dai Chong-wen , Yan Yang-yang , Liu Yu-min , Liu Ya-min , Deng Yuan-wei , Yao Hong-yu
Published: July 2020

Background

Tissue culture and rapid propagation technology is an important way to solve the difficulties of plant propagation. This experiment aims to explore the appropriate conditions at each stage of the red maple’s tissue culture process and to obtain plantlets, thus providing a theoretical basis for the establishment of the red maple’s tissue culture system.

Results

The results showed that the stem segment is the most suitable explant for inducing embryogenic callus. The MS (Murashige&Skoog) + 0.8 mg/L TDZ (Thidiazuron) + 1.0 mg/L 6-BA (6-Benzylaminopurine) + 0.5 mg/L IAA(Indole-3-acetic acid) + 35 g/L sucrose+ 7.5 g/L semi-fixed medium was the best for callus formation. When selecting type VI callus as embryonic callus induction material, MS + 0.6 mg/L TDZ + 0.5 mg/L 6-BA + 2.0 mg/L IAA + 35 g/L sucrose+ 7.5 g/L semi-fixed medium can get embryonic callus. The optimal medium for adventitious bud induction is MS + 1.0 mg/L TDZ + 3.0 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.2 mg/L NAA (1-Naphthaleneacetic acid) + 1.2 mg/L IAA + 35 g/L sucrose+ 7.5 g/L semi-fixed medium. The induction rate of adventitious roots in MS + 0.6 mg/L TDZ + 1.0 mg/L 6-BA+ 3 mg/L NAA + 35 g/L sucrose+ 7.5 g/L semi-fixed medium was the highest, reaching 76%.

Conclusions

In the course of our research, we found that PGRs play an important role in the callus induction stage, and the effect of TDZ is particularly obvious; The callus cells grow and proliferate according to the “S” growth curve, and can be sub-cultured when the highest growth point is reached to maintain the rapid proliferation of the callus cells and to avoid inactivation of callus caused by tight niche.
Serum neprilysin levels are associated with myocardial stunning after ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Legallois Damien , Macquaire Clémence , Hodzic Amir , Allouche Stéphane , El Khouakhi Ismaïl , Manrique Alain , Milliez Paul , Saloux Eric , Beygui Farzin
Published: July 2020

Background

Left ventricular remodeling following ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is associated with poor outcome, including heart failure (HF). Neprilysin inhibition leads to improved outcome in patients with altered left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Methods

We aimed to assess the association between serum levels of neprilysin and left ventricular (LV) volumes, function and remodeling in STEMI patients with successful myocardial reperfusion and no clinical sign of HF. Sixty-eight patients were admitted for STEMI and had both plasma neprilysin measurement at baseline and 3D transthoracic echocardiogram at baseline and after a median follow-up of 7 months. We compared 3 groups: a group with a low-level of plasma neprilysin (< 125 pg/mL, i.e. the lower limit of detection of the assay) and the two other groups were defined as being below or above the median value of the remaining samples.

Results

Median age was 58.5 ± 12.8 years and 56 (82.4%) were men. Median LVEF was 45.0 ± 8.5%. Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups (low-level of neprilysin group [≤125 pg/mL,n = 38], medium-level of neprilysin group [126–450 pg/mL,n = 15] and a high-level group [> 450 pg/mL, n = 15]). At baseline there was a non-significant trend towards lower end-diastolic volume (p = 0.07) but significantly lower LVEF in the high neprilysin group (46.4 ± 8.3%, 47.1 ± 8.1% and 39.1 ± 6.9%,p < 0.01). At follow-up, the magnitude of LVEF increase was significantly more important in the high neprilysin group compared to the other groups (p = 0.022 for relative change in LVEF and 6.6 ± 7.3%, 3.6 ± 9.0% and 11.3 ± 8.4%,p = 0.031 for absolute change in LVEF) resulting in similar LVEF levels at follow-up between all groups (53.0 ± 8.9%, 50.6 ± 9.7% and 50.4 ± 9.9%,p = 0.55).

Conclusions

Initial high neprilysin levels may identify patients with stunned myocardium early after STEMI, with a recovery of contractility leading to improved LVEF at follow-up. Future studies will have to assess the role of neprilysin in the setting of STEMI and the potential benefit of its blockade.
Cognitive function of older adults engaging in physical activity
Authors: Ingold Monisha , Tulliani Nikki , Chan Chetwyn C. H. , Liu Karen P. Y.
Published: July 2020

Background

Physical activity can be classified as open-skilled or closed-skilled. Open-skilled physical activity, such as tennis, require participants to perform within a dynamic setting and respond to unpredictable and frequent environmental changes throughout the activity. Closed-skilled types of physical activity, such as swimming, are predictable and self-directed. However, the benefits of cognitive function in these two types of physical activities to older adults are unknown. This study examined the effects of participation in open- and closed-skilled physical activity on the cognitive function of older adults.

Methods

The study recruited a total of 61 participants aged 65 years and over. Participant recruitment was achieved by distributing flyers asking for volunteers in various sports venues. Participants self-reported to be without medical conditions affecting their physical and cognitive function. All participants underwent a two-hour assessment session involving the completion of seven standardised cognitive function assessments, which were used to assess a range of cognitive function.

Results

Overall mean scores across all of the assessments showed superior performance for the open- or closed-skilled participants when compared with the no-physical-activity group. The results of 61 adults who participated in this study showed that closed-skilled physical activity was associated with better selective attention and visuospatial function while open-skilled physical activity was associated with better inhibition and cognitive flexibility function. No significant difference in self-regulation ability was found between the open- or closed-skilled groups.

Conclusions

Open-skilled physical activity was associated with better inhibition, visual tracking, and cognitive flexibility while closed-skilled physical activity was associated with better selective attention and visuospatial perception. The findings have important practical implications for the health and quality of life of ageing populations, knowing which particular types of physical activity might affect the cognitive function.
Epidemiology and genetic diversity of circulating dengue viruses in Medellin, Colombia: a fever surveillance study
Authors: Lim Jacqueline Kyungah , Carabali Mabel , Camacho Erwin , Velez Diana Carolina , Trujillo Andrea , Egurrola Jorge , Lee Kang-Sung , Velez Ivan Dario , Osorio Jorge E.
Published: July 2020

Background

Dengue fever is a major public health problem in Colombia. A fever surveillance study was conducted for evaluation of the clinical, epidemiological, and molecular patterns of dengue, prior to Chikungunya and Zika epidemics.

Methods

In November 2011–February 2014, a passive facility-based surveillance was implemented in Santa Cruz Hospital, Medellin, and enrolled eligible febrile patients between 1 and 65 years-of-age. Acute and convalescent blood samples were collected 10–21 days apart and tested for dengue using IgM/IgG ELISA. RNA was extracted for serotyping using RT-PCR on acute samples and genotyping was performed by sequencing.

Results

Among 537 febrile patients enrolled during the study period, 29% (n = 155) were identified to be dengue-positive. Only 7% of dengue cases were hospitalized, but dengue-positive patients were 2.6 times more likely to be hospitalized, compared to non-dengue cases, based on a logistic regression. From those tested with RT-PCR (n = 173), 17 were dengue-confirmed based on PCR and/or virus isolation showing mostly DENV-3 (n = 9) and DENV-4 (n = 7) with 1 DENV-1. Genotyping results showed that: DENV-1 isolate belongs to the genotype V or American/African genotype; DENV-3 isolates belong to genotype III; and DENV-4 isolates belong to the II genotype and specifically to the IIb sub-genotype or linage.

Conclusions

Our surveillance documented considerable dengue burden in Santa Cruz comuna during non-epidemic years, and genetic diversity of circulating DENV isolates, captured prior to Chikungunya epidemic in 2014 and Zika epidemic in 2015. Our study findings underscore the need for continued surveillance and monitoring of dengue and other arboviruses and serve as epidemiological and molecular evidence base for future studies to assess changes in DENV transmission in Medellin, given emerging and re-emerging arboviral diseases in the region.
Angiotensin II receptor 1 antibodies associate with post-transplant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria
Authors: Abuzeineh Mohammad , Aala Amtul , Alasfar Sami , Alachkar Nada
Published: July 2020

Background

Angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1Rs) are expressed on podocytes, endothelial and other cells, and play an essential role in the maintenance of podocyte function and vascular homeostasis. The presence of AT1R antibodies (AT1R-Abs) leads to activation of these receptors resulting in podocyte injury and endothelial cell dysfunction. We assessed the correlation between AT1R-Abs and the risk of post-transplant FSGS.

Methods

This is a retrospective study, which included all kidney transplant recipients with positive AT1R-Abs (≥ 9 units/ml), who were transplanted and followed at our center between 2006 and 2016. We assessed the development of biopsy proven FSGS and proteinuria by urine protein to creatinine ratio of ≥1 g/g and reviewed short and long term outcomes.

Results

We identified 100 patients with positive AT1R-Abs at the time of kidney transplant biopsy or proteinuria. 49% recipients (FSGS group) had biopsy-proven FSGS and/or proteinuria and 51% did not (non-FSGS group). Pre-transplant hypertension was present in 89% of the FSGS group compared to 72% in the non-FSGS group, p = 0.027. Of the FSGS group, 43% were on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers prior to transplantation, compared to 25.5% in the non-FSGS group, p = 0.06. Primary idiopathic FSGS was the cause of ESRD in 20% of the FSGS group, compared to 6% in the non-FSGS group, p = 0.03. The allograft loss was significantly higher in the FSGS group 63% compared to 39% in non-FSGS. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were 2.66 (1.18–5.99), p = 0.017.

Conclusions

Our data suggest a potential association between AT1R-Abs and post-transplant FSGS leading to worse allograft outcome. Therefore, AT1R-Abs may be considered biomarkers for post-transplant FSGS.
Prevalence, associated factors and clinical features of congenital syphilis among newborns in Mbarara hospital, Uganda
Authors: Oloya Sam , Lyczkowski David , Orikiriza Patrick , Irama Max , Boum Yap , Migisha Richard , Kiwanuka Julius P. , Mwanga-Amumpaire Juliet
Published: July 2020

Background

While congenital syphilis is a significant public health problem that can cause severe disabilities, little is known about the situation in Uganda. We describe prevalence, associated factors and clinical presentation of congenital syphilis in Mbarara, Uganda.

Methods

A cross sectional study was carried out among mother- newborn dyads from the postnatal ward of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). After obtaining informed consent, a structured questionnaire was used to capture data on risk factors for congenital syphilis. A finger prick was performed on the mothers for Treponema Pallidum Haemagglutination Assay (TPHA). If TPHA was positive, a venous blood sample was collected from the mother to confirm active infection using Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR). Venous blood was drawn from a newborn if the mother tested positive by TPHA and RPR. A newborn with RPR titres 4 times higher than the mother was considered to have congenital syphilis. We fit logistic regression models to determine factors associated with congenital syphilis.

Results

Between June and September 2015, we enrolled 2500 mothers and 2502 newborns. Prevalence of syphilis was 3.8% (95% CI 3.1–4.6) among newborn infants and 4.1% (95% CI 3.4–5.0) among their mothers. Maternal age <25 years, past history of genital ulcer, a past history of abnormal vaginal discharge, and not receiving treatment of at least one of genital ulcer, genital itching, lower abdominal pain and abnormal vaginal discharge in the current pregnancy were the risk factors associated with congenital syphilis. The most common clinical feature was hepatosplenomegaly.

Conclusions

We found higher-than-expected syphilis sero-prevalence rates in a high risk population of postnatal mothers and their newborns in Uganda. Bridge populations for syphilis may include mothers not tested during pregnancy, who are usually married and not treated. In accordance with our results, the national policy for syphilis control in Uganda should be strengthened to include universal syphilis screening amongst mother-newborn pairs in postnatal clinics with subsequent partner notification.
Fluctuating expression of miR-584 in primary and high-grade gastric cancer
Authors: Ebrahimi Ghahnavieh Laleh , Tabatabaeian Hossein , Ebrahimi Ghahnavieh Zhaleh , Honardoost Mohammad Amin , Azadeh Mansoureh , Moazeni Bistgani Mohamad , Ghaedi Kamran
Published: July 2020

Background

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Along with environmental factors, such asHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection, genetic changes play important roles in gastric tumor formations. miR-584 is a less well-characterized microRNA (miRNA), with apparent activity in human cancers. However, miR-584 expression pattern in gastric cancer development has remained unclear. This study aims to analyze the expression of miR-584 in gastric cancer samples and investigates the associations between this miRNA andH. pyloriinfection and clinical characteristics.

Methods

The expression level of miR-584 was studied in primary gastric cancers versus healthy control gastric mucosa samples using the RT-qPCR method. The clinical data were analyzed statistically in terms of miR-584 expression.In silico studies were employed to study miR-584 more broadly in order to assess its expression and find new potential target genes.

Results

Both experimental and in silico studies showed up-regulation of miR-584 in patients with gastric cancer. This up-regulation seems to be induced byH. pyloriinfection since the infected samples showed increased levels of miR-584 expression. Deeper analyses revealed that miR-584 undergoes a dramatic down-regulation in late stages, invasive and lymph node-metastatic gastric tumors. Bioinformatics studies demonstrated that miR-584 has a substantial role in cancer pathways and has the potential to target STAT1 transcripts. Consistent with the inverse correlation between TCGA RNA-seq data of miR-584 and STAT1 transcripts, the qPCR analysis showed a significant negative correlation between these two RNAs in a set of clinical samples.

Conclusion

miR-584 undergoes up-regulation in the stage of primary tumor formation; however, becomes down-regulated upon the progression of gastric cancer. These findings suggest the potential of miR-584 as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer.
A predictive model for early diagnosis of keratoconus
Authors: Castro-Luna Gracia , Pérez-Rueda Antonio
Published: July 2020

Background

The diagnosis of keratoconus in the early stages of the disease is necessary to initiate an early treatment of keratoconus. Furthermore, to avoid possible refractive surgery that could produce ectasias. This study aims to describe the topographic, pachymetric and aberrometry characteristics in patients with keratoconus, subclinical keratoconus and normal corneas. Additionally to propose a diagnostic model of subclinical keratoconus based in binary logistic regression models.

Methods

The design was a cross-sectional study. It included 205 eyes from 205 patients distributed in 82 normal corneas, 40 early-stage keratoconus and 83 established keratoconus. The rotary Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam® type) analyzed the topographic, pachymetric and aberrometry variables. It performed a descriptive and bivariate analysis of the recorded data. A diagnostic and predictive model of early-stage keratoconus was calculated with the statistically significant variables.

Results

Statistically significant differences were observed when comparing normal corneas with early-stage keratoconus/ in variables of the vertical asymmetry to 90° and the central corneal thickness. The binary logistic regression model included the minimal corneal thickness, the anterior coma to 90° and posterior coma to 90°. The model properly diagnosed 92% of cases with a sensitivity of 97.59%, specificity 98.78%, accuracy 98.18% and precision 98.78%.

Conclusions

The differential diagnosis between normal cases and subclinical keratoconus depends on the mínimum corneal thickness, the anterior coma to 90° and the posterior coma to 90°.