bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Por uma nação eugênica
Authors: Souza Vanderlei Sebastião de
Published: December 2021

Este artigo analisa as idéias eugênicas e a forma como o movimento eugênico brasileiro se organizou durante os anos 1910 e 1920, quando o médico e eugenista Renato Kehl iniciou a campanha de divulgação da eugenia no Brasil. Procuro destacar a associação da eugenia com a higiene e as concepções neolamarckistas, bem como sua relação com as discussões sobre raça e identidade nacional. Argumento também que a eugenia brasileira desse período se caracterizou por um modelo de “eugenia preventiva”, cujo projeto visava contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento da nacionalidade e para a reposição do Brasil no cenário internacional.
A Sociedade Nacional de Agricultura em revista: divulgação científica e uso racional da natureza em A lavoura (1897-1926)
Authors: Mello Vanessa Pereira da Silva e
Published: December 2021

Em 1897, segmentos de proprietários rurais oriundos de diversos estados do país criaram a Sociedade Nacional de Agricultura (SNA), que possuía como um de seus principais objetivos a popularização de técnicas modernas na agricultura. Para tornar públicos e efetivar a realização de seus propósitos, a SNA começou a publicar o seu Boletim, chamado A lavoura. O recorte temporal analisado compreende os anos entre 1897 e 1926, período em que a SNA defendeu a aplicação da ciência na agricultura, apresentou o projeto de criação do Ministério da Agricultura, Indústria e Comércio e defendeu uma exploração racional dos recursos naturais.
De um Dust Bowl paulista à busca de fertilidade no Cerrado
Authors: Silva Claiton Marcio da
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho discute o desenvolvimento de pesquisas sobre fertilidade do solo no Brasil, especialmente no que se refere à atuação do IRI Research Institute (IRI) relacionada à restauração de solos em cafezais no interior de São Paulo, e sobre possíveis níveis de fertilidade no Cerrado durante a década de 1950. Enquanto uma divisão da American International Association for Economic and Social Development (AIA), agência privada sem fins lucrativos, estabelecida por Nelson Rockefeller em 1946, o IRI interessou-se pelo aumento da produção agrícola no Brasil, procurando criar métodos e equipamentos para lidar com o solo brasileiro – tão devastado quanto os solos norte-americanos nos tempos do Dust Bowl – e os relatórios produzidos por essa agência sobre a natureza e o território tiveram decisiva influência na consolidação de políticas agrícolas que, por sua vez, produziriam grandes mudanças ambientais nas décadas posteriores.
Análise histórica da evolução e desenvolvimento dos campos da Ciência e da Tecnologia na antiga União Soviética e Rússia (1917-2010)
Authors: Santos Junior Roberto Lopes dos
Published: December 2021

Este estudo histórico pretende analisar a construção, a consolidação e o desenvolvimento dos campos da Ciência e da Tecnologia na antiga URSS e na Rússia pós-comunista. Inicialmente, serão analisados o período de transição e reorganização desses campos na passagem da Rússia Czarista para a União Soviética; as medidas apresentadas pelo dirigente russo Vladimir Lênin, entre 1917-1922, buscando consolidar o campo científico e industrial russo; as primeiras legislações e políticas propostas durante os anos 1920-1930, passando pela repressão e limitações sofridas por esses campos, tanto nos expurgos stalinistas, a partir de 1936, como durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Posteriormente, será feita uma análise da reconstrução e reorganização dessas áreas, no período de 1945 a 1970, quando o país atingiu o status de “superpotência”, com um gigantesco e centralizado campo científico e tecnológico. Por último, um exame dos diversos problemas, advindos do colapso da URSS e da adaptação da Rússia a uma realidade capitalista, enfrentados entre 1980 e 2010 aproximadamente, mostrando iniciativas, tanto do partido comunista, como do governo russo no pós-comunismo para atenuar e contornar alguns deles.
Uma análise da rede de auxiliares na expedição de Louis Agassiz ao Brasil (1865-1866)
Authors: Antunes Anderson Pereira , Massarani Luisa Medeiros , Moreira Ildeu de Castro
Published: December 2021

Uma expedição científica do século XIX contava, geralmente, com uma diversificada rede de auxiliares. Embora a participação destes indivíduos costumasse ser suprimida nas publicações de cunho científica, menções a suas contribuições eram recorrentes nos livros e diários de viagens mantidos pelos naturalistas. Neste artigo, analisamos a rede de auxiliares envolvida na Expedição Thayer, que visitou o Brasil entre 1865 e 1866, liderada por Louis Agassiz, e observamos de que forma muitos membros das populações locais contribuíram para a realização e os resultados científicos alcançados pela Expedição Thayer.
O contexto cultural de Galileu e os agentes imersos na legitimação de sua profissão como filósofo-matemático
Authors: Villamil Magali Bravo , Alvim Márcia Helena
Published: December 2021

Os estudos de Galileu são reconhecidos por diversos historiadores, especialmente devido sua proposta de geometrização do comportamento dos corpos físicos em sistemas mecânicos. Porém, consideramos que esse processo não se restringiu às discussões exclusivas ao âmbito da Filosofia Natural, mas também quanto à validação da relação desta com a geometria, sofrendo a influência de agentes e dinâmicas sociais, dentre as quais encontramos um Galileu político, intervindo em espaços como as Cortes Italianas e o Collegio Romano. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os vínculos estabelecidos por Galileu com esses agentes sociais que intervieram e promulgaram a legitimação das matemáticas nos estudos da Filosofia Natural.
Chegada e difusão da pílula anticoncepcional no Brasil, 1962-1972
Authors: Santana Joelma Ramos , Waisse Silvia
Published: December 2021

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi explorar aspectos conceituais e historiográficos relacionados à difusão da pílula anticoncepcional, especialmente entre as usuárias potenciais, na primeira década após sua introdução, em 1962, no estado de São Paulo. Em particular, buscamos analisar como se deu o processo de divulgação de informações sobre o modo de ação do contraceptivo hormonal no organismo feminino, implicações associadas e os supostos riscos e benefícios. Para tanto, utilizamos como fonte revistas e jornais de grande circulação na época. Como resultado, obtivemos um mapeamento das ideias e argumentos científicos relacionados à anticoncepção hormonal em estreita relação com o contexto sócio-histórico correspondente. Nosso estudo permitiu conferir que a chegada da pílula causou intensos debates no país, porém menos acerca de questões científicas que de problemas morais, políticos e religiosos.
GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP PADA REMAJA TENTANG BODY SHAMING DI SMAN 1 MARTAPURA
Authors: Lestari Devi Hairina , Fitri Jannatul
Published: December 2021

Pendahuluan: Body shaming atau penghinaan tubuh orang lain tanpa dimengerti sering dilakukan oleh orang pada umumnya. Tujuan umum dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana gambaran pengetahuan dan sikap pada remaja tentang body shaming di SMAN 1 Martapura. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif, yaitu gambaran pengetahuan dan sikap pada remaja dengan body sahaming di SMAN 1 Martapura. Teknik sampling penelitian ini menggunakan Purposive Sampling. Dari hasil proses tabulasi silang sesuai tabel 4.6 didapatkan data  kebanyakan dari responden memiliki pengetahuan cukup dengan berperilaku positif sebanyak 18 (24%) responden dan pengetahuan cukup dengan berperilaku negatif sebanyak 17 (22,6%) responden.
Fasciitis by Lactococcus garvieae on an immunosuppressed patient by Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Valencia-Mesias Gustavo A. , Cano-Calero Iliana N. , Castillo-Soto Ana
Published: December 2021

Lactococcus garvieae, a gram-positive anaerobe facultative coccus, is a well-known pathogen in the aquaculture and cattle sector, being extremely rare for human beings. There are some case reports of infections caused by this microorganism, however, there are no fasciitis cases up to date. This is a case of a 24-year-old patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and previous COVID-19 pneumonia without sequelae, admitted to the emergency room for a case compatible with fasciitis. Three cultures for L. garvieae were obtained from surgical debridement and microbiological studies were performed using automated VITEK-2 equipment. No posterior complications were documented. The patient went through a skin graft with a favorable response without evidence of clinical relapse.
Le traiettorie del fervore: cavalli e geometrie non-umane nel Palio di Ronciglione
Authors: Martellozzo Nicola
Published: December 2021

Il Palio di Ronciglione vanta una tradizione secolare, ma ciò che lo rende davvero unico è l’assenza di qualunque fantino. Alla caduta del canape ogni cavallo sceglie se competere con gli altri, accodarsi o semplicemente non correre, a seconda del carattere di ciascuno. Nel contesto del Palio il cavallo costituisce un co-produttore di processi culturali, che inoltre trasmette la sua esperienza agli esemplari più giovani; quest’ultimo aspetto è particolarmente evidente nelle traiettorie scelte durante la Corsa, fondate su un’incontestabile soggettività non-umana. Va rilevata una prima modalità di iscrizione ‘interna’ alla specie: i cavalli da corsa sono il risultato di una domesticazione secolare abbinata ad una selezione genetica controllata (breeding), che ha progressivamente embricato l’Equus ferus caballus alla società umana. Un secondo aspetto ‘esterno’ riguarda il tracciato della Corsa, vero e proprio ambiente di coesistenza inter-specie: realizzato dalla comunità umana, viene percorso ed esperito dai cavalli, che incidono il tessuto urbano con le loro traiettorie. L’agency dell’animale emerge dunque attraverso l’adattamento creativo al tracciato, un’iscrizione di geometrie non-umane nello spazio. L’intenzionalità del cavallo è ciò che fonda la performance del Palio: per quanto sembri paradossale, la conservazione di questo patrimonio culturale è possibile fintanto che il cavallo può scegliere di non correre.
Fostering Innovation Through Humble Leadership and Humble Organizational Culture
Authors: Maldonado Tiffany , Carden Lila , Brace Carol , Myers Marie
Published: December 2021

Companies understand they need to innovate to stay competitive, but innovation is not as simple as thinking of a great idea and then implementing it. Successful innovation requires supportive actions from leaders and the firm especially when the innovation is complex. In order to foster complex technological innovations, such as robotic process automation (“RPA”), we propose that firms benefit from having (1) humble leadership actions and (2) a humble organizational culture. We share what we learned about our propositions after reviewing the Finance Controllership division within a major multinational technology organization that develops hardware and other computer-related support items.
Variation of Shrinkage in Relation to Anatomical Properties and age of Selected Bamboo Species, Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss and Dendrocalamus strictus Nees
Authors: Santhoshkumar R. , Bhat K.V.
Published: December 2021

Bamboo species is widely used for different purposes in the different parts of World. The variation in properties of the culms of bamboos are affected its use. Shrinkage is one of the physical properties in bamboo and it will affect the products. In this article deals with the variation in shrinkage at different height levels of bamboo culms, different portion in bamboo culms such as outer to inner variation, variation in different age groups of bamboo culms. In addition to this tangential and radial variation in shrinkage also studied. The result shows that a uniform trend in variation was observed based on different parameters.
استنباطِ احکام میں فقہائےاحناف اوراہل ظواہرکامنہج اور عصری معنویت
Authors: Dr. Abdul Ghaffar  , Muhammad Asif
Published: December 2021

Islamic Sharīʿa gives importance to intellect as well as imitation. For better comprehension of imitation, it is necessary to have perception. Intellect is helpful for imitation to interpret comprehensively. There is no dissension in imitation but for Intellect having a difference in way of thinking and intelligence quotient, there might be dissension. In Islamic Jurisprudence, there are five schools of  Fiqh  (Ḥanafī, Mālḳī, Shafi՚ī, Ḥanblī, and Ẓāhirī). Each one has its principles of interpretation. There is a dire need for comparison among these schools of Fiqh. In this article, it has been tried to compare the principles of interpretation between the Hanafi and Zaheri schools of Fiqh. Islamic law regulates the practical affairs of life such as virtual laws, family matters, financial matters, banking laws, judicial proceeding affairs, inheritance, and criminal laws. In this article, an introduction of both jurisprudential scholars, Imam AbŪ Ḥanīfa and Imam AbŪ Dawud Ẓāhirī including their famous students who have a great contribution, has been discussed. A valuable discussion has also been done on their principles of interpretation. These two schools of  Fiqh have two different origins and places, but both follow Qu՚rān, Sunnah/Ḥadith, and Ijmā՚ as the primary sources of interpretation while other sources such as Qiyās, Istiḥsan, Shara՚ mā Qabl, Urf are quite different. Ẓāhirī scholars do not accept Qiyās and Istiḥsan as a source of interpretation, but they accept Dalīl and Istashab as a primary source of interpretation.
عصری مسائل کے حل میں سد الذرائع و فتح الذرائع کی ضرورت و اہمیت:ایک تحقیقی مطالعہ
Authors: Hafiz Muhammad Fakhru Din  , Sheraz Ahmad
Published: December 2021

It is the perfection of the Islamic law that the rules and regulations based on its basic principles will continue to fulfill the duty of guiding human society in the changing world and bringing it to perfection. The texts and doctrines on which Islamic law is based encompass the needs of all human beings. Jurisprudential ijtihad no longer relies solely on principles such as Qiyas, Istihisan, Masalah Mursalah, but general rules of Shari’ah objectives and principles of Sadd-ul-Zarai and Fath-ul-Zarai are also being used to provide guidance in the process of Ijtihad. In jurisprudential terms, the words “fiqh al-nawazal” are used for contemporary issues. “Nawazal” is the plural of “Nazla”. The term refers to a new event or incident that requires a Shari'ah ruling. The principle of Sadd-ul-Zarai and Fath-ul-Zarai is helpful in solving such problems. This article discusses the need and importance of Sadd ul Zarai, Fath ul Zarai to solve modern issues. The views of scholars of different schools of thought have also been discussed.
اسلامی فلاحی مملکت میں انتظامی عہدے داروں کی تقرری کا معیار(تحقیقی مطالعہ)
Authors: Shafqat Ur Rahman  , Malik Farrukh Hussain
Published: December 2021

A Welfare state refers to the concept of a state in which a state takes responsibility for the protection of all citizens and their well-being. A welfare state recognizes the security of its citizens as a priority and takes solid steps for it. In the olden days, the states were limited to the interests of the rulers; gradually there were born enlightened human beings who introduced new ideas to the state which improved human life. A new concept was introduced in the state system called the welfare state. For a welfare state, as far as the individuals are important to control all the systems in a state, in which the rules and regulations/principles also have far rich importance in any state. So, the selection of proper/eligible individuals for such a regulatory welfare state is necessary. If any state set aside the basic eligibility criteria while appointing any responsible administrative slot then it will cause the destruction of that state gradually as well society at the end. On the other hand, if any welfare state would strictly follow the eligibility criteria for the given administrative slot and appoint the individuals purely on merit and ability, then it will result in constructive and positive change in that welfare state which boost up the society towards prosperity peace and progress for the sake of humanity.In this manuscript, we tried our best to mention and focus on some qualitative levels/points which must be compulsory while appointing any administrative/key post in any Islamic welfare state to make it prosperous and progressive, keeping in view the interpretation purely from Quran and Sunnah.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Web Terhadap Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa STTIKOM Insan Unggul
Authors: Herawati Hetty , Yusta Afrasim , Sianturi Susy Katerina
Published: December 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: 1) Pengaruh penggunaan media Pembelajaran Berbasis Web terhadap motivasi belajar Mahamahasiswa  STTIKOM Insan Unggul 2) Pengaruh penggunaan media Pembelajaran Berbasis Web terhadap hasil belajar Mahasiswa  STTIKOM Insan Unggul. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memberikan pembelajaran web untuk kelompok eksperimen dan pembelajaran konvensional untuk kelompok kontrol. Metode yang digunakan adalah demonstrasi. Setelah proses pembelajaran selesai, hasil belajar siswa akan diukur dengan tes dan motivasi dari siswa akan diukur dengan angket. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data  yang diperoleh ini menunjukkan bahwa data pre-test serta data posttes motivasi kedua Kelas > 0,05, dengan demikian dapat dikatakan  kedua data homogen. Selanjutnya dapat disimpulkan adanya peningkatan nilai rata-rata  yang signifikan  baik sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan media  pembelajaran berbasis web. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media pembelajaran berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar mahasiswa.
Effect of mulching, row direction and spacing on microclimate and wheat yield at Ludhiana
Authors: L.K. DHALIWAL  , G.S. BUTTAR  , P.K. KINGRA  , SUKHVIR SINGH  , SUKHJEET KAUR
Published: December 2021

The field experiments were conducted in rabi seasons of 2014-15 and 2015-16 at research farm, Ludhiana, Punjab. Wheat variety (WH 1105) was sown in two row directions viz, east-west (E-W) and north-south (N-S) with three row spacing as S1 (15 cm), S2 (22.5 cm) and S3 (30 cm), and two mulching levels viz., Mo (No mulch) and M1 (mulch at the rate of 5t ha-1). PAR interception, canopy temperature, soil temperature and soil moisture were recorded periodically during the crop season in all the treatments. The results revealed that the intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was 4- 5 per cent higher in E-W than N-S row direction which contributed 1.67 q ha-1 higher grain yield. Better utilization of solar radiation was observed in 15.0 cm row spacing and the canopy temperature was 0.5°C higher in unmulched crop as compared to mulched crop during both years. Straw mulching @ 5t ha-1 improved soil moisture and regulated soil temperature. Mean soil temperature was higher (1.0 ºC) under mulched crop as compared to unmulched crop. The soil moisture was 4-5 per cent higher under mulched crop as compared to unmulched crop which ultimately resulted in higher soil temperature during early growth stages. Significantly higher grain yield was recorded in mulched crop as compared to unmulched.
Forewarning of incidence of Spodoptera litura (Tobacco caterpillar) in soybean and cotton using statistical and synoptic approach
Authors: N. CHATTOPADHYAY  , R. BALASUBRAMANIAM  , S.D. ATTRI  , KAMALJEET RAY  , GRACY JOHN  , S. KHEDIKAR  , C. KARMAKAR
Published: December 2021

A study on the effect of weather parameters on the the population dynamics of Spodoptera litura (S.litura) in soybean and cotton during kharif season using six years pest data (pheromone trap catches) at Niphad and Rahuri in Maharashtra showed that rainfall two weeks prior, Tmax and Tmin during the week of incidence signifiantly contributed towards the occurrence of S.litura in soybean. Maximum temperature and morning humidity during the week and one week prior were found to be favourable for the incidence of S. litura in cotton. Temperature (maximum: 26-27°C & minimum: 21-22°C), morning relative humidity (above 90%) and rainfall during one week prior were found to be congenial weather parameters for the outbreak of the pest in soybean. Similarly, maximum temperature around 32-33°C, minimum temperature around 22-23°C, morning relative humidity around 90 per cent, sunshine hours about 4 hrs day-1 and rainfall during the previous 2 weeks favoured heavy incidence of S.litura in cotton crop during flowering to boll formation stages. It is also shown how the incidence of S.litura in soybean and cotton can be predicted well in advance using the observed relationship of the pest with weather parameters as well as weather forecast.
Effect of dietary supplementation of astaxanthin (potent antioxidant) on growth rate, DMI, FCR and metabolic changes in Karan Fries heifers during heat stress
Authors: SUNIL KUMAR  , S.V. SINGH  , S.C. BHAN
Published: December 2021

A study was conducted on twelve Karan Fries (Holstein Friesian X Tharparkar) heifers, (10-12 months), in LRC of NDRI, Karnal.Heifers were divided equally into two groups i.e. control, and treatment (supplemented with astaxanthin@ 0.25 mg per kgBW per day per animal) to assess the heat stress ameliorative action of astaxanthin during summer season. During experimental period, environmental variables were recorded and THI was calculated to assess levels of summer stress. Blood samples were collected from both the group of heifers at fortnightly interval for quantification of plasma leptin and ghrelin hormones.Body weights of heifers were recorded at monthly interval. The body weight gain and ADG were significantly (P  0.05) higher in treatment group. Feed intake was higher (P  0.05) and FCR was lower (P  0.05) in astaxanthin supplemented group.Plasma leptin was higher(P  0.05), while,plasma ghrelinand surface skin temperature were numerically lower in treatment than control group of heifers.The study found that astaxanthin supplementation amelio rated the negative impact of summer stress and helped in enhancement of growth rate and ADG by improving the feed intake and by decreasing the FCR of heifers.
Modeling impacts of climate change on spring wheat in northern India
Authors: SARITA KUMARI  , S. BAIDYA ROY  , P. SHARMA  , A. SRIVASTAVA  , V.K. SEHGAL  , R. DHAKAR
Published: December 2021

This study attempts to quantitatively understand the impact of changes in meteorological drivers due to climate change on spring wheat in northern India using numerical experiments with the Simple and Universal CRop growth Simulator (SUCROS) model.The model was calibrated and evaluated for spring wheat cultivar HD2967 using observed crop and meteorological data from a field site at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Sensitivity studies were performed with the SUCROS model by incrementally changing the meteorological drivers to understand the underlying processes through which each meteorological driver affects spring wheat crop growth. The effect of climate change on spring wheat growth was estimated by conducting numerical experiments where the SUCROS model was driven with bias-corrected projections of future climate from six climate models for two scenarios for mid and end century. Results show that competitive/synergistic interactions between meteorological drivers lead to a slight increase in growth at the beginning of the growing season, and a strong decrease of about 50 per cent during the later stage. Apart from improving our understanding of crop growth processes, this study has also policy implications for agriculture and food security in the context of climate change.
Agroclimatic zonation of Tigray region of Ethiopia based on aridity index and traditional agro-climatic zones
Authors: H. HAFTOM  , A. HAFTU  , K. GOITOM  , H. MESERET
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to identify the agroclimatic zones of Tigray region based on aridity index and traditional agroclimatic zone using 37-year (1981-2017) spatial climate data downloaded for Tigray region from Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) for rainfall and from Enhancing National Climate Services (ENACTS) data for temperature. Arc map 10.3 was used for mapping of all climatic variables and zonation of agro-climatic zones. Potential evapotranspiration (PET) was computed based on Hargreaves formula and the aridity index was computed. Besides, the digital elevation model was downloaded from ASTER data. The aridity map of Tigray divided into three index zones (0.03-0.2, 0.2–0.5 and 0.5–0.65) and five traditional agro-climate zones (<1500,1500-2000,2000- 2500, 2500-3000, >3000 m.a.s.l.) were overlaid, which divided entire region of Tigray into fifteen agroclimatic zones. Hot semi-arid, warm semi-arid, tepid semi-arid and hot arid were the dominant zones in the region.
Mitigating future climate change effects on wheat and soybean yields in Central region of Madhya Pradesh by shifting sowing dates
Authors: Ankit Balvanshi  , H. L. Tiwari
Published: December 2021

The present work focuses on (1) estimation of future yield of wheat and soybean crop under RCPs scenario 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 for years 2020, 2050 and 2080 using FAO AquaCrop yield simulating model and (2) assessment of shifting planting date as adaptation measure to mitigate climate change impact for Sehore district, Madhya Pradesh. Statistically downscaled General Circulation Model CanESM2 data was used as input to AquaCrop for generation of future data. The AquaCrop yield model was first checked for its suitability and accuracy in prediction of yield for years 2000–2015, model nash sutcliffe efficiency 0.79, 0.84, RMSE 300.7, 104.4 and coefficient of determination (R2) 0.91, 0.88 were obtained for wheat and soybean crops, respectively. The results depicts that RCP 8.5 shows the highest impact with reduction in wheat and soybean yield for projected year 2080. Under the changed climate, shifting planting date from of wheat from 15th November to 30th November and 1st July to 10th July for soybean resulted in least decline in crop yields and surfaced as a practical adaptation measure for sustaining future yields.
Developing fire danger models using logistic regression analysis for mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Divya Mehta  , P.K. Baweja  , R.K. Aggarwal
Published: December 2021

The present study intended to develop a climatic fire danger model for mid-hills zone of Himachal Pradesh using ten years weather data in relation with forest fire occurrence (2007-2016). Logistic regression technique was used to determine the relationship between fire occurrence and weather parameters viz., maximum temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), and wind speed (ms-1). The model was validated by calculating area under curve (AUC), coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square Error (RMSE), with estimated values of 88.90%, 0.705 and 0.247, respectively. The fire danger model was verified with actual fire incidences in the study area during the year 2017. Wald's test was carried out to quantify impact climatic parameters on forest fire. Wald's test value was highest for maximum temperature (40.07) followed by relative humidity (1.15) and wind speed (0.75), respectively. In future such model can be utilized for prevention of forest fire hazards in the study area.
Impact of global warming (1.5ºC) on the productivity of selected C3 and C4 crops across Tamil Nadu
Authors: R. GOWTHAM  , K. BHUVANESHWARI  , A. SENTHIL  , M. DHASARATHAN  , AROMAR REVI  , AMIR BAZAZ
Published: December 2021

Over the last century, mean annual temperatures increased by ~1°C. UNFCCC has proposed to limit warming below 1.5°C relative to pre-industrial levels. A study was conducted on rice (C3 pathway) and maize (C4 pathway) over Tamil Nadu using DSSAT to understand the climate change impacts with projected temperature increase of 1.5°C.The future climate under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 indicated 1.5°Cincrease in temperature to happen by 2053 and 2035, respectively over Tamil Nadu.Annual rainfall deviations in RCP4.5 showed drier than current condition and RCP8.5 projected wetter SWM and drier NEM (90 % of current rainfall).Impact of 1.5°C warming on crop phenology indicated 8 days reduction in duration for rice and maize. The W UE of rice would decrease by 17 per cent at current CO2 whereas, enrichment (430 ppm) would reduce by12 per cent and rice yield is reduced by 21 per cent with 360 ppm CO2 and 430 ppm reducedby 17 per cent. There is no considerable varaition (- 5 to 1 %) in maize productivity with 1.5 ºC warming. The above results indicated that 1.5 ºC warming has more negative impacts on plants with C3 compared to C4 pathway
Potential impact of future climate change on maize (Zea mays L.) under rainfed condition in central India
Authors: ROHIT PATIDAR  , M. MOHANTY  , NISHANT K. SINHA  , S.C. GUPTA  , J. SOMASUNDARAM  , R.S. CHAUDHARY  , R. SOLIYA  , K.M. HATI  , M. PRABHAKAR  , K. SAMMI REDDY  , A.K. PATRA  , SRINIVAS RAO CH.
Published: December 2021

A simulation experiment was carried out using Agriculture Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) model to assess the impact of climate change (change in temperature and rainfall patterns) on productivity of maize in the state Madhya Pradesh. Thirty districts with 74 soil profiles from Madhya Pradesh state were considered for the study. However, we are presenting the average results over districts and soil profiles. A well-parameterised and validated APSIM model was used to simulate the effects of temperature and rainfall on maize grain and biomass yield. Increase in temperature having negative effects on both grain and biomass yield of maize. While increasing the temperature from base to 5 °C, the grain and biomass yield of maize decreased by 40% and 28%, respectively. Further, increasing the temperature by 1 °C could reduce the grain and biomass yield by 10% and 8 %, respectively. A small increase in maize yield was observed by 10% decrease of rainfall from the base. While rainfall increase by 10% or more and decrease by >20% would results in lower maize yield and biomass. The decrease in maize yield due to increase in temperature could be attributed to decrease in duration of the crop. One-degree increase in temperature may decrease the duration of crop by 4.3 days. This study also revealed that agronomic management practices such as delaying of sowing dates could reduce the impact of climate change on crop yield to a considerable extent. By adopting the sowing date between 7th and 14th July, it may be possible to reduce the impact of temperature change on maize grain and biomass yield in central Indian condition.
Modeling yield and backscatter using satellite derived biophysical variables of rice crop based on Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: MAHESH PALAKURU  , SIRISHA ADAMALA  , HARISH BABU BACHINA
Published: December 2021

In this study, ‘observed rice yield (ton acre-1)’ and ‘remotely sensed backscatter’are modelled using artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) methods for East and West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh in India. The biophysical variables viz. backscatter (bs), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Chlorophyll (chfl), fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR), leaf area index (LAI), canopy water content (CWC), and fraction of vegetation cover (Fcover) were derived from Scatterometer Satellite-1 (SCATSAT-1), Moderate Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) and Sentinel-2 satellite data.Inputs selected are bs, NDVI, chfl, FAPAR, LAI, CWC, and Fcover for rice yield model, whereas NDVI, chfl, FAPAR, LAI, CWC, and Fcover are inputs for backscatter models. The performance of ANN and MLR models was evaluated using three indices such as root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R2). The results concluded that the ANN models achieved R2 of 0.908 and 0.884 which are 42.73% and 28.85% higher than that of the MLR method for rice yield and backscatter, respectively.
Weather based crop insurance for risk management in agriculture
Authors: LATA VISHNOI  , ANUPAM KUMAR  , SUNIL KUMAR  , GAURAV SHARMA  , A.K. BAXLA  , K.K. SINGH  , S.C. BHAN
Published: December 2021

In recent years, in many parts of the country, indebtedness, crop failures, unpaid prices and poor returns have resulted in agrarian distress. The government has identified and introduced several programs to address these critical issues viz. crop insurance, lending waivers etc. among them. Crop insurance as a concept for risk management in agriculture has emerged in India since the turn of the twentieth century and government has launched various insurance schemes in last three decades like Comprehensive Crop Insurance Scheme (CCIS), National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) and Modified NAIS (MNAIS) etc. Apart from these schemes, several other pilot projects such as Seed Crop Insurance, Farm Income Insurance Scheme and Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS) were implemented from time to time. At present, two most important schemes are functional i.e. Pradhan Mantri Fasal BimaYojna (PMFBY) and Restructured Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (RWBCIS) are in operation. This study focused on the performance of the Restructured Weather based Crop Insurance Scheme (RWBCIS) from historical and analytical perspectives and presents recommendation for future scenarios. RWBCIS scheme having two most important challenges. Firstly, weather data related issues by designing a modern scientific approach to develop high resolution secondary data and secondly, modifying the existing design of RWBCIS Products, based on sound agronomic principles.
SOYBEAN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT FOR PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors: Mureșanu Felicia , Malschi Dana , Suciu Loredana , Chețan Felicia , Urdă Camelia , Șopterean Laura , Vălean Ana-Maria , Oltean Vasile , Barșon Gabriel , Russu Florin
Published: December 2021

"In order to protect agroecosystems and to optimize soybean crop yield from the Transylvanian Plain, the adoption of complex methods of sustainable management with minimal impact on the environment has now become a challenge. Therefore, an experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research-Development Station Turda in 2018, to provide the best methods for the development of an Integrated Management System (IMS) for phytosanitary soybean crop risks. The field factorial experiment was based on a subdivided parcel design with two replications. Experimental models for soybean crop protection have been developed. Field research was carried out for analyzing the technological (agricultural practices), biological (diseases, insects, pests) and environmental (climate change, methods of improving soil fertility with phytosanitary risk by applying environmentally friendly products) factors affecting soybean crop yield and quality. An entomological sampling strategy (pheromone traps, plant surveys) was used for evaluating the IMS environmental risk and methods for increasing plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors were also studied. The obtained data was correlated with the production values for the 3 experimental factors: the tillage system, fertilization and treatments. The following pests were recorded, soil pests Coleoptera, Agriotes larvae, Opatrum, dipterans Delia platura and D. florilega, vectors of viruses and phytoplasmoses, cicadas, aphids, trips and the common red spider Tetranychus urticae, defoliating omissions Vanessa cardui, owls Autographa gamma, Mamestra suasa, M. oleracea, Agrotis segetum) etc. In the climatic conditions of 2018, most frequent pathogens were downy mildew (Peronospora manshurica and bacterial blight Pseudomonas glycinae."
SOIL PROTECTION STUDY THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF COMPLEX METHODS FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE SOYBEAN AGROSYSTEM
Authors: Cheţan Felicia , Suciu Loredana , Chețan Cornel , Tărău Adina , Crişan Ioana , Mureșanu Felicia
Published: December 2021

"The degradation of natural soil fertility is caused by practicing the classic tillage system (ploughing
with the furrow return) and using high doses of chemical fertilizers. It is necessary to adopt soil tillage
techniques that aim to preserve and improve soil fertility without decrease production. In Romania, soybean
crop, could be an economic boost for the agriculture sector because it reduces the costs required for the
procurement of vegetable protein needed for the livestock and food sector, soybeans being a plant that fixes
nitrogen from various sources (precipitation, activity of Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria, humus
mineralization and residual nitrogen). From the research conducted between 2018-2020 at ARDS Turda,
regarding the soybean root nodules cultivated in four tillage systems (CS - plough, MC - chisel, MD - disk and
NT- direct sowing) with the technology specific to each system, the results indicate that in a conservative system
the soybeans yield correlates positively with the number and weight of nodules formed. Organo-mineral
fertilization (green fertilizer - autumn rape + gulle manure + N40P40) contributes significantly positively to the
number and the weight of nodules and increases the yield. As an alternative to the CS, soybean can be cultivated
in a minimum tillage system (MC), the yield difference compared to the classical system (plough) being
insignificant, just 38 kg. The pedo-climatic conditions of the experimental area it is favourable for this crop and
for the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, without requiring high doses of mineral fertilizers."
"OPTIMIZATION OF CONVENTIONAL AGRICULTURE (TILLAGE X FERTILIZATION X PLANT PROTECTION) FOR SOYBEAN IN THE TRANSYLVANIAN PLAIN"
Authors:   Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Romania, Mureșanu Felicia , Rusu Teodor ,   University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Chețan Felicia ,   Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Romania, Kadar Rozalia ,   Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Romania, Hrișcău Diana ,   Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Romania
Published: December 2021

"The purpose of this study was to improve conventional agricultural technologies in soybean crop to ensure a higher yield and reduced environmental impact under climate conditions specific for the Transylvanian Plain. For the experimental design a three-factorial experiment was set up (tillage x fertilization x plant protection products). Factor interaction was evaluated using formula AxBxC-R:4x4x4-3 to highlight the benefits of the practices. This study examined yield crops and size of the soybean plants in an effort to identify best practices. Yield was highly increased in conventional soil tillage system (3420 kg/ha), whereas for the minimum soil tillage system and for direct sowing there were no significant difference 2755-2995 kg/ha and 2605 kg/ha, respectively. Crop performance in terms of yield was highly influenced by the soil tillage system (57.5%), followed by plant protection treatments (22.9%) and fertilization (11.8%). Fertilization with N40P40 + gulle + green fertilizer ensured the highest soybean production (3132 kg/ha). Plant protection treatments during vegetation determined significant yield increases, with high influence of insecticides and a cummulative effect when both fungicides and insecticides were used (3193 kg/ha). Highest size of plants was registered in conventional soil tillage system. Overall crop protection treatments during vegetation (insecticide + fungicide) triggered not significant increases in plant size, except Teo TD soybean cultivar."
"PRELIMINARY STUDY ON EPIGEAL INVERTEBRATES FAUNA IN EXPERIMENTAL PEPPER CROPS AT SCDL BUZĂU, ROMANIA"
Authors:   ", Florescu Ioana ,   Research-Development Institute for Plant Protection Bucharest, Romania  ", Teodoru Andrei ,   Research-Development Institute for Plant Protection Bucharest, Romania, Geicu Alina Gabriela ,   Research-Development Institute for Plant Protection Bucharest, Romania, Chiriloaie-Palade Andrei ,   Research-Development Institute for Plant Protection Bucharest, Romania, Fătu Viorel ,   Research-Development Institute for Plant Protection Bucharest, Romania, Manole Traian ,   Research-Development Institute for Plant Protection Bucharest, Romania, Mitel Toma ,   Research and Development Station for Vegetables Growing Buzau, Romania, Mirea Emilian ,   Research and Development Station for Vegetables Growing Buzau, Romania, Manea Vasilica ,   Research and Development Station for Vegetables Growing Buzau, Romania, Toader Alexandru ,   Research and Development Station for Vegetables Growing Buzau, Romania, Staicu Bogdan ,   Research and Development Station for Vegetables Growing Buzau, Romania, Burnichi Floarea ,   Research and Development Station for Vegetables Growing Buzau, Romania, Chireceanu Constantina ,   Research-Development Institute for Plant Protection Bucharest, Romania
Published: December 2021

" This paper presents the species composition and abundance of epigeal invertebrate fauna collected from experimental pepper crops at the Vegetable Research and Development Station Buzău, Romania during 219-2020. The open field bell pepper Buzau 10 (2019) and Cantemir (2020) varieties were used in the experiment in five variants with two factors, diatomite (three doses) and bioinoculant Trichoderma asperellum Td85 strain. Diatomite was local from the Pătârlagele deposit (Buzău County) and antagonistic fungus was from the collection of microorganisms of Research and Development Institute for Plant Protection Bucharest. The fauna on the soil surface was collected using Barber traps, replaced every two weeks from June to October. The ecological parameters of abundance, dominance, constancy and ecological significance have been calculated using specific formulas. Specific attributes of the two products, diatomite and bioinoculant Trichoderma, reflected on the ecological and structural characteristics of invertebrate communities."
Empowerment of Micro, Small Medium Enterprises (MSMES) in Coconut Oil Development
Authors: Laksmi P Kadek Wulandari , Lasmi Ni Wayan , Sukarnasih Desak Made , Sri Maitri Wayan
Published: December 2021

Entrepreneurship development at the household level is the forerunner to the growth of an MSME. In the village of Antiga, Manggis District, Karangasem Regency, there is a home-based business engaged in the production of coconut oil (kelentik oil). Currently the level of marketing is only limited to traditional markets while the target is to be able to market products in modern markets. Therefore, this study has the objective to know the level of efficiency of production costs incurred by the producers of coconut oil (kelentik oil) in Antiga village, Manggis district, Karangasem regency; to know how to empower Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises producing coconut oil (kelentik oil) and to analyze the factors that influence the intention of buyers or consumers to buy coconut oil (kelentik oil) in Bali. The research method is a qualitative method. The result is that the production process is still traditional so that production cost efficiency is achieved. Furthermore, the empowerment of MSMEs is not yet optimal as business partners in marketing their products. Several factors influence consumers' intention to buy coconut oil (kelentik oil). So the input that can be given is to improve relationships or networks to be able to expand the market and improve product packaging.
Evaluation Efficacy and Persistence of Some Volatile Plant Oils on Immature Stages of Galleria mellonella (L.)
Authors: Moawad Sawsan S. , Ebadah Ibrahim M. A.
Published: December 2021

The Experiment was carried out to measure the effect of four natural plant oils (namely: Cinnamonium zeylanicum L., Syzygium aromatic L., Citrus aurantium amara, and Lavandula spica) on controlling the greater wax moth and their ability to persist. The methodology included collecting and rearing the greater wax moth under laboratory conditions to be able to isolate the target tested stages. The immature stages (eggs and larvae) of the experiment moth were exposed to fumes of tested oils (50 µl/500 ml) to calculate hatchability and mortality percentage. The results were clear that fumes of C. zeylanicum and S. aromatic were caused 100% unhatching eggs after zero time as the same recorded by comparable compound (paradix) and able to persist their effect at the closed and limited zone for 60 days. On another side, C. zeylanicum and S. aromat were affected on last larval instars and emerged adults. The accumulative effect was appeared in the case of treatment by C. zeylanicum which was caused sterility to emerged adults and reduced eggs deposition to zero. The data indicated that some natural product compounds could be used as an alternative way of control insect pests.
Atributos e Valores para o Desenvolvimento de Jogos para Idosos
Authors: Mol Artur Martins , Pereira Hebert Phillipe Martins , Guercy Ana Luiza do Nascimento , Nascimento Michelle Nery , Machado Mônica da Consolação , Ishitani Lucila
Published: December 2021

Com o aumento da expectativa de vida, o envelhecimento saudável passou a ser uma necessidade do meio social. Jogos digitais têm o potencial de melhorar o tempo de lazer e a conexão social dos idosos, além de ser uma opção de ferramenta que pode beneficiar a função cognitiva. No entanto, a maioria dos jogos digitais atualmente disponíveis no mercado são direcionados ao público mais jovem, e contêm conteúdo que, geralmente, não são atrativos para os idosos. Visando identificar os atributos e valores em jogos que sejam interessantes na perspectiva dos idosos, foi aplicada a teoria meios-fins. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas com 22 participantes com idade a partir de 60 anos, utilizando a técnica de laddering, que permite gerar, como um de seus resultados, o Mapa Hierárquico de Valor. As hierarquias construídas permitiram o entendimento das relações entre os atributos dos jogos, as consequências e os valores relatados sob o ponto de vista dos idosos entrevistados. Os 16 atributos identificados, em conjunto com as 12 consequências e 12 valores contribuem para o desenvolvimento de jogos com foco no público da terceira idade.
Intellectually Virtuous Inquirer and the Practical Value of Truth
Authors: Levin Sergei M. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

Veritism is the thesis that the truth is the fundamental epistemic good. According to Duncan Pritchard, the most pressing objections to veritism are the trivial truths objection and the trivial inquiry problem. The former states that veritism entails that trivial truths are as important as deep and important truths. The latter is a problem that a veritist must prefer trivial inquiry that generates many trivial truths to the serious inquiry with the hope but no guarantee to discover some deep and important truth. Both objections arise from the inability of veritism prima facie to properly rate the different types of truths. Pritchard's solution is to approach the truth from the perspective of the intellectually virtuous inquirer who would prefer weighty truth over trivial truth. In my commentary, I criticise the proposed solution as circular reasoning. The necessary virtue for an intellectually virtuous inquirer is that they would prefer the weighty truth over the trivial one and at the same time, the weighty truth is superior because it is the goal for intellectually virtuous inquirer. I suggest another path to substantiate veritism in the face of the two sibling objections. I argue that truth is the fundamental epistemic good as it makes the epistemic realm practically valuable more than any other epistemic good. The weighty truths are preferable to the trivial ones because the practical value of the deep and important truths is usually higher. The suggested path goes away from the attempts to prove the epistemic value of truth only within the epistemic realm, yet I argue it does not compel the intellectually virtuous inquirer to seek the truth only for the sake of practical reasons.