bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La « Dominante » de Roman Jakobson, ou comment parler du formalisme russe dans la Tchécoslovaquie de 1935
Authors: Depretto Catherine
Published: January 2023

Resume :L’article replace dans son contexte l’étude sur la dominante de Roman Jakobson, publiée dans Questions de poétique (Éditions du Seuil, 1973), l’anthologie en français la plus complète parmi ses contributions à l’étude de la littérature. Ce texte fait en effet partie de « L’école formelle et la critique littéraire russe contemporaine », ensemble de cours dispensés par le linguiste à l’Université de Brno en 1935 et désormais accessibles dans leur intégralité (en tchèque, 2005 et en russe, 2011). Ces leçons constituent un maillon essentiel de l’histoire de la diffusion du formalisme russe en Europe. Elles témoignent de l’évolution du premier formalisme vers une approche plus complexe du fait littéraire, mais montrent également l’originalité de la posture adoptée par Jakobson, qui présente le formalisme comme l’aboutissement naturel de la culture russe depuis le Moyen Âge et esquisse une généalogie du mouvement qui tend à minimiser ses liens avec l’avant-garde, sa force de rupture et sa dimension européenne.
Aimez-vous « Genette » ? (Éloge de la poétique cum grano salis)
Authors: Wagner Frank
Published: January 2023

Resume :Séduit de longue date par les travaux de Gérard Genette, mon objectif sera ici de cerner les motivations des rejets qu’a suscité et continue de susciter cet œuvre, c’est-à-dire aussi et à l’inverse les raisons du goût durable que j’éprouve pour lui. Sur fond d’analyse de l’évolution diachronique de ces publications, j’esquisserai donc ainsi en creux une anatomie de la poétique selon Gérard Genette. Par-delà les aspirations totalisantes, l’ivresse taxinomique et l’inflation terminologique, il s’agira surtout de prendre la mesure d’un ethos spécifique, où ironie, propension au jeu et refus de la poudre aux yeux tiennent le premier plan1.
Usages de la notion de représentation dans les premiers numéros de Poétique
Authors: Bary Cécile de
Published: January 2023

Resume :La doctrine mimétique des arts, désignée traditionnellement par l'expression Ut pictura poesis, est utilisée de manière sous-jacente, à des fins polémiques, par les théoriciens de la revue Poétique, lorsqu'ils nient à la littérature toute possibilité de représenter. Jean Ricardou oppose ainsi la représentation à l'auto-représentation du Nouveau Roman et l'anti-représentation des auteurs de Tel Quel, qu'il promeut. Étudiant des auteurs plus anciens, Michael Riffaterre fustige l'illusion référentielle, tout comme Serge Doubrovsky ou Roland Barthes.
Sade 66
Authors: Roger Philippe
Published: January 2023

Resume :Comparées aux années 1947-1957, les « 10 glorieuses » de la réception critique de Sade en France, l’année 1966 peut paraître moins décisive. À tort. Car en cette année charnière, la figure de Sade s’installe dans l’espace public : théâtre, « happenings », polémiques dans la presse et au Parlement font de 1966 une « année Sade ». Non sans malentendus, notamment autour de la reprise parisienne de la pièce de Peter Weiss. Et non sans paradoxes. Car c’est à sa politisation anachronique que Sade doit de sortir de l’Enfer des bibliothèques. Et c’est la virulence même des censeurs de 1966 — et leur échec — qui rendent possible la parution des Œuvres complètes.
Pour une nouvelle approche de la dynamique littéraire (Pense-bête)
Authors: (« Modern ») Groupe MDRN
Published: January 2023

Resume :L’histoire littéraire ne se restreint pas à des études isolées sur des écrivains importants pas plus qu’elle ne vise à une compréhension englobante du passé. Elle inclut également les différentes dynamiques dont la littérature fait l’objet et qui sont déterminantes pour la constitution, la légitimation et la détermination des fonctions de la littérature. Le fait littéraire possède non seulement une dimension temporelle, mais aussi une identité fonctionnelle et des réalisations matérielles. Dans cette perspective, le texte suivant, à vocation programmatique, a pour finalité de formuler les principes directeurs d’une nouvelle approche des dynamiques littéraires. Il n’a pas d’autre ambition que de servir de pense-bête.
Foucault et le classicisme : les œillères de l’histoire (littéraire)
Authors: Vuillemin Jean-Claude
Published: January 2023

Resume :À l’instar de Molière qui rendit les Précieuses à jamais ridicules, l’historiographie française inventa le classicisme et traita avec mépris le baroque. En 1966, Michel Foucault, pourtant rebelle aux normalisations, reconduisit le mythe d’une « épistémè classique » et, victime des œillères de l’histoire, négligea cette épistémè baroque que je postule consubstantielle à l’émergence de la science moderne au XVIIe siècle. Si, pour Foucault, ce fut l’épistémè moderne des xixe et xxe siècles qui constitua « l’homme » comme objet de connaissance, l’épistémè baroque institua l’Individu comme sujet de maîtrise.
বিদ‘আত থেকে দীনের সুরক্ষায় সাদ্দ্ আয্-যারাঈ‘ এর প্রয়োগ: একটি উসূলী বিশ্লেষণ|Applications of Sadd Al-Dharaiʻ (blocking the means) for protecting the Dīn from Bidʻah (innovation in religious matters): An Uṣūli Analysis
Authors:   Cox’s bazar Internatioinal University, Bangladesh., Islam Md. Ariful
Published: January 2023

The protection and preservation of Dīn is the fundamental and ultimate objective of the Islāmic Sharī'ah. Two types of provision, i.e., practicable and exclusionary, have been in place to protect Dīn. Bidʻah belongs to the second. To ensure the protection of Dīn the Prophet PBUH has strictly prohibited engaging in Bidʻah. Sadd al-dharaiʻ is recognized as the complementary evidence of the Sharī'ah in all the prominent schools of Islāmic law. The term Sadd al-dharaiʻ means blocking all means of action, which are permissible, but it can lead to any forbidden action. The means of Bidʻah also push Dīn towards serious harm and destruction. Therefore, it is imperative to stop all the means that lead to Bidʻah. Considering Sadd al-dharaiʻ the means of Bidʻah also need to be excluded. In order to ensure the protection of Dīn, the salaf-e-sālihīn, Usulists and jurists have applied it. By adopting analytical and descriptive methods, the discussion revolves around three main issues. Firstly: Introduction to Sadd al-dharaiʻ, its authenticity as one of the complementary evidences of usūl al-fiqh, classifications, terms of condition, importance and necessity of application of Sadd al-dharaiʻ in protecting Dīn from Bidʻah, Secondly: definition and the methods of identifying Bidʻah, Thirdly: The application of Sadd al-dharaiʻ in protecting Dīn from Bidʻah, and its terms and impact.
ANÁLISIS ESTRUCTURAL PARA LA CARACTERIZACIÓN DE VARIABLES CLAVE DEL MERCADO PERUANO DE CROSSFIT
Authors: Labrín-Mesía Josue , Ruiz-Ruiz Marcos Fernando
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las variables clave que caracterizan el mercado peruano de CrossFit, así como los actores sociales que lo conducen. A partir de un diseño exploratorio y descriptivo, se realizó un análisis estructural (técnica propia de la prospectiva estratégica francesa) con la ayuda de un panel de siete expertos conocedores del sistema estudiado y la herramienta especializada MICMAC (Matriz de Impactos Cruzados Multiplicación Aplicada a una Clasificación). Los resultados identificaron como variables más sensibles del sistema al crecimiento económico del mercado fitness, a la comunidad CrossFit y a la cultura fitness. Los actores sociales con más influencia resultaron ser el CrossFit HQ, los boxes de CrossFit, los entrenadores deportivos y los medios de comunicación. Las variables clave están vinculadas estratégicamente, dado que se refuerzan entre sí y su desarrollo podría favorecerse de las acciones que ejecuten los actores más influyentes. Cualquier esfuerzo de planificación estratégica debe abordar la problemática del CrossFit desde una perspectiva sistémica. Este estudio constituye un punto de partida para la planificación y diseño de escenarios futuros del comportamiento del sistema a mediano y largo plazo.
INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL, AUTOCONCEPTO Y PRÁCTICA DE ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS
Authors: Sánchez-Zafra M. , Cachón-Zagalaz J. , Sanabrias-Moreno D. , Lara-Sánchez A.J , Shmatkov D. , Zagalaz-Sánchez M.L
Published: January 2023

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar los niveles de autoconcepto e inteligencia emocional en estudiantes universitarios, comparando los resultados entre sí y con las variables de género y práctica de actividad física. Para ello, se han utilizado la escala Autoconcepto Forma 5 y la Escala Rasgo de Metaconocimientos sobre Estados Emocionales, además de algunas preguntas de carácter personal para conocer el sexo y la práctica de actividad física. Los resultados muestran las mujeres tienen una mayor atención y autoconcepto académico, y los varones una mayor reparación y autoconcepto físico. Los sujetos que practican actividad física presentan valores más altos en reparación, en el autoconcepto social y físico respecto a los no practicantes. Por otro lado, existe una correlación positiva entre los factores de la inteligencia emocional y las dimensiones del autoconcepto. Por último, los tres factores de la inteligencia emocional son predictores del autoconcepto académico, la reparación y claridad predicen el autoconcepto social y, añadiendo la variable edad, predicen también el físico.
Influence of Gender on the Level of Social Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Kredina A. A. , Kangalakova D. M. , Berdesh T. , Antonova M.
Published: January 2023

The main goal of this study was to study social emotional intelligence in male students and female students. The ongoing study is a pilot one. The idea of the study is to reveal the dependence of the level of social emotional intelligence on gender and on the age of students. Social emotional intelligence is represented by three psychological types - extroverts, introverts and ambiverts. The survey was conducted on the basis of the University of International Business named after K. Sagadiev (Almaty, Kazakhstan) among students of the bachelor's level. Within one month, 65 questionnaires were collected. The questions were answered using the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) extraversion-introversion scale. In this pilot paper, three hypotheses were put forward, of which two were refuted, one was confirmed: The level of social emotional intelligence of extraversion does not depend on the gender and age of the student. The study then used Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to test the validity of the test design. The results showed that the main two factors of the test are (1) factors focused on the internal experiences of students during communication with other people and (2) students' attitude towards public speaking. The social intelligence of an ambivert is higher than that of others, since emotional intelligence includes two sides: understanding one's own and other people's emotions. In the future, it is planned to conduct a main study with an increase in the number of respondents up to 354 students.
Infrastructural Assessment of Agricultural Production of Kazakhstan at the Regional Level
Authors: Mergenbayeva A. T. , Abdikerimova G. I. , Turganbayeva N.
Published: January 2023

The most significant pattern characteristic of this set of industries, as a system, is their technological interaction, each of the industries acts as a supplier of raw materials and/or a sales market (multi–raw material system), which allows us to consider the overall system as a complex socio-economic and at the same time spatial phenomenon with multiple characteristics, the study of which involves taking into account the interrelationships between a variety of factors and phenomena, which makes it possible to apply an institutional approach to it, the main purpose of which is – exploring these connections. The paper puts forward and verifies the hypothesis that the basis of each of the industries is the activity of their economic entities, the interaction between which, according to the theory of institutionalism, is regulated by a set of norms and rules and organizations and institutions that control their implementation. The purpose of the work is to assess the infrastructure of agricultural territories as one of the most important factors in creating a food hub. The authors evaluated the data on the social and industrial infrastructure of agro-industrial territories. The article considers the functional efficiency of social infrastructure, economic indicators of the development of the production infrastructure of agricultural territories, the quality of life of the population of rural territories. The novelty of the results obtained consists of identifying the problems of the development of infrastructure indicators and ways to solve them in the short term. The results of the study can be used to develop directions for the integrated development of the food hub, food security of the country as a whole, and improving the well-being of the rural population.
Multi-Сhannel Source of Financing for Innovative Projects
Authors: Chelekbay A. D. , Abzhalelova S. A.
Published: January 2023

The article deals with the problem of financing innovation activities that hinder the development of the innovation system of Kazakhstan. The types of sources of financing for innovative projects are given, the limitations of their use are noted. A feature of innovation-oriented enterprises is a higher demand for external sources of financing, while innovative activity is characterized by a sufficiently high degree of uncertainty and risk, therefore, the multiplicity of sources of financing, flexibility, and adaptability to a rapidly changing external environment are important principles of financing innovative projects. The use of own funds in the development and implementation of an innovative project provides maximum freedom in making managerial decisions. The implementation of innovative projects proves the effectiveness of the use of debt and equity instruments. The methodology of the study is based on a descriptive and comparative analysis of the features of domestic and foreign methods of developing innovative activities and financing innovative projects, which are not based on empirical data, synthesis, and systematic and logical approaches. The modern market economy is characterized by the inevitability of the transition to an innovative path of development, which defines itself as one of the significant factors of accelerating the economic growth of the state, and its technological and socio-economic development, ensuring economic security and competitiveness in the world market. The innovative way of economic development is based on the process of searching, preparing, creating, implementing, and commercializing innovations, i.e., ensuring the transformation of an idea directly into an innovation. The innovative development of the state is based on attracting the necessary investments that ensure economic growth, which is considered by the author of this article. The Republic of Kazakhstan, having a number of direct and indirect methods, can expand its arsenal by applying effective.
Cerebellar Hemangioblastoma: A cyst with a mural nodule – Case report with review of literature
Authors:   Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical Collage, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Tamaka, Kolar, Chaithanya A , Sakalecha Anil Kumar , Rajeswari . , Aashish . , Varshitha G R
Published: January 2023

Hemangioblastomas are slow-growing vascular tumors of central nervous system. It can occur sporadically or can be seen as a part of Von Hippel Lindau (VHL) syndrome. It is usually seen in cerebellum, but might be found in brainstem or spinal cord as well. These are uncommon tumors, comprising only around 1-2.5% of intra-cranial tumors. It also comprises of around 10% of all the posterior fossa tumors. Here we discuss an instance of a 33 year old male presenting with complains of giddiness and headache for last 2 months. No significant past/medical/familial history. Laboratory investigations were unremarkable. Patient was then adviced to undergo MRI-Brain. Contrast enhanced MRI-Brain revealed a well-defined cystic lesion with vividly enhancing eccentric solid mural nodule in right cerebellar-hemisphere, suggestive of cerebellar hemangioblastoma. Surgical excision was done and histopathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis. Therefore features of cerebellar hemangioblastoma and other differentials for cyst with mural nodule are discussed here. Keywords: Hemangioblastoma, Cerebellum, Magnetic resonance imaging.
Profiling Monastery Tourists based on Memorable Experiences, Place Identity, Satisfaction, Intention to Revisit and Intention to Recommend
Authors: Kamenidou Irene (Eirini) , Stavrianea Aikaterini
Published: January 2023

The research presented in this paper profiles monastery tourists based on memorable tourism experiences, place identity, satisfaction, intention to revisit, and intention to recommend. Subjects of the research were two monasteries (Monastery of Panagia Soumela in Trapezounta Pontos, today Trabzon Turkey, and the new Panagia Soumela, Imathia, Greece) and two monastery complexes (Agio Oros or Holly Mountain and the Meteora). A quantitative research took place via a questionnaire employing a non-probability sampling method and a mixed method data collection technique. The final sample consisted of 780 participants. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, factor, reliability, cluster analysis, and chi-square tests. Three tourist segments that were profiled were extracted namely “the highly MTE achievers and favourable monastery tourists”, “the sufficient MTE attainers and semi-satisfied monastery tourists”, “the no meaning found, negatively positioned monastery tourists”. Marketing communication implications are discussed, aiming at promoting monastery tourism.
Bilimsel Kongrelerin Verimliliği ve Akademisyenlerin Anlam Dünyasındaki Yeri
Authors: TONBUL Yılmaz , ATA ÇİĞDEM Figen
Published: January 2023

Araştırmanın amacı farklı bilimsel disiplinlerde düzenlenen kongrelerdeki etkinlik çeşitliliğini belirlemek, akademisyenlere göre kongrelerin verimliliğini etkileyen etmenleri ve kongrelere yüklenen anlamı ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada durum deseni kullanılmıştır. Veriler ICCA (2019) raporunda kongre sayılarına göre yapılan sıralamada ilk 5 ülke olan ABD, Almanya, Fransa, İspanya, İngiltere ile Türkiye’de farklı disiplinlerdeki kongrelerin programları incelenerek ve yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kapsamında geliştirilen açık uçlu görüşme formu aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Çalışma grubu kartopu tekniği ve ölçüte dayalı örnekleme tekniği kullanılarak 28 farklı üniversitenin eğitim fakültelerinde yer alan 57 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Kongrelerde şu etkinlikler öne çıkmaktadır: paralel bildiri oturumları, posterler, çalıştaylar, paneller, çağrılı konuşmacılar, tematik toplantılar, araştırma eğitimleri, lisansüstü eğitim öğrencileri, öğretmenler, yöneticiler deneticilere yönelik gibi alt gruplarla yürütülen özel oturumlar, alan gezileri, yemeklerde otorite isimlerle aynı masada buluşma. Bunlara çevrim içi kongrelerde canlı erişim portalları, etkileşimli poster ve etkileşimli tartışma platformları eklenmiştir. Katılımcıların önemli bir kısmı yüz yüze kongreleri çevrim içi kongrelere tercih etmişlerdir. Kongrelerin verimliliğini etkileyen etmenler olarak bildirilerin niteliği, çağrılı konuşmacıların uzmanlığı, tematik bir alanda ilgili disiplinleri buluşturması, bildirilerin nitelikli dergilerde yayına dönüşme fırsatının sunulması öne çıkmıştır. Kongreler mesleki gelişime katkı sağlayan, sosyalleşme ve mesleki ilişkiler geliştirilen yerler olmanın yanı sıra günümüzde amacının dışına taşmış uygulamalar şeklinde anlamlandırılmıştır.
Türkiye’deki Bazı Üniversitelerin Girişimcilik ve Yenilikçilik Performanslarının Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri ile Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KARAHAN Mehmet , KIZKAPAN Lokman
Published: January 2023

Günümüzde “Girişimci Üniversite” kavramı ile sıkça karşılaşılmaktadır. Yenilikçilik, yaşamın her alanında olduğu gibi üniversitelerin içinde olduğu bölgeler için de giderek önemini artırmaktadır. Bu kapsamda girişimci ve yenilikçi üniversite kaynaklı girişimler, bilgi ve teknoloji transferinde ve toplumsal sorunların çözümünde önemli bir aracı konumunda bulunmaktadır. Bu sebeple ülkemizdeki üniversitelerin; yenilikçi, tasarımcı, saydam ve kaliteli üniversitelere dönüştürülmesi, uluslararası rekabette hak ettiği yere ulaşması oldukça önemlidir. Türkiye girişimci ve yenilikçi üniversite endeksi 2012 yılından beri yıllık olarak TÜBİTAK tarafından yayınlanmakta olup bunun yardımıyla hem üniversiteler bilimsel etkinliklerini, hem de sanayiyle ve diğer işbirlikleriyle bir arada çalışabilmekte, üniversitelerin yenilikçilik ve girişimci olarak teşebbüslerde bulunması, başarılı olması ve daha yeni amaçlar doğrultusunda çalışması mümkün olabilmektedir. Bu çerçevede yapılan çalışmada, girişimci ve yenilikçi üniversite endeksi 2021 verileri kullanılarak üniversitelerin girişimcilik ve yenilikçilik performansları çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden, PROMETHEE GAIA yöntemiyle hesaplanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda elde edilen bilgilere göre; alternatif üniversitelerin performans değerlendirmesinde en başarılı olanlar sırasıyla; Ortadoğu Teknik, Sabancı, İstanbul Teknik, Bilkent ve Yıldız Teknik üniversiteleridir. Ayrıca çalışmada en üst sıradaki üniversiteler ile bölge üniversitelerinden Fırat Üniversitesinin karşılaştırılması da yapılmış ve tespit edilen eksikliklerin iyileştirilmesi için gerekli öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
Covid 19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Yükseköğretimde Öğretmenlik Uygulamasına İlişkin Öğrenci Deneyimleri
Authors: CAN Ertuğ
Published: January 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Covid 19 Pandemisi sürecinde öğretmen adaylarının yükseköğretimde öğretmenlik uygulamasına ilişkin deneyimlerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu araştırma, nitel araştırma deseninde ve durum çalışması modelinde planlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, 75 öğretmen adayından oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri, uzman görüşü alınarak hazırlanan yapılandırılmış soru formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Veriler, içerik analizi tekniği kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizi sonucunda 3 tema, 10 alt tema ve 298 kod belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre, Covid 19 pandemi sürecinde uzaktan eğitim yoluyla yürütülen öğretmenlik uygulamaları yeterli düzeyde değildir. Araştırma sonucuna göre, öğretmenlik uygulamasında derse katılım, altyapı, erişim, teknik konular, öğrenme ortamı ve staj uygulaması boyutlarında sorunlar bulunmaktadır. Özellikle, derslerde etkileşim sağlanamadığı, öğrencilerin derslere katılmadığı, geribildirim sağlanamadığı, araç-gereç ve internet problemi olduğu belirtilmektedir. Ayrıca, ev ortamının öğrenme için uygun olmadığı, motivasyon eksikliği, ders programlarının uygun olmaması, materyal yetersizliği, bilgilendirme eksikliği ile bazı etkinliklerin yapılmadığı belirtilmektedir. Öğretmen adaylarına göre, öğretmenlik uygulaması öncelikle yüz yüze yürütülmelidir. Yüz yüze eğitim mümkün olmadığı takdirde, öğretmenlik uygulaması karma yöntem ile yürütülmeli veya pandemi koşullarında öğretmenlik uygulaması yapılmamalıdır. Pandemi koşullarında öğretmenlik uygulamasının etkili olabilmesi için altyapı, erişim ve teknik destek sağlanması, öğrenme ve öğretme ortamının düzenlenmesi, öğrencilerin katılımının sağlanması, ders programlarının adaylara uygun düzenlenmesi önerilmektedir. Adaylar, mezuniyet sonrasında hizmetiçi eğitim ile yetiştirilebilirler.
Inteligencia artificial y desarrollo sostenible del turismo
Authors: Gallego Gómez Cristina , Vaquero Frías Laura
Published: January 2023

Objetivo e interés del trabajo: Este estudio se centra en la aplicación de la inteligencia artificial en el sector del turismo para mejorar la experiencia del consumidor de manera significativa a través del trabajo que desarrollan las distintas organizaciones para aumentar la innovación social. El objetivo que persigue el estudio es, por un lado, presentar un análisis de la literatura para determinar buenas prácticas en el sector, y por otro, analizar datos acerca del sector turístico basados en modelos de colaboración entre Administración, Universidades y Estado para el fomento de la innovación en la apuesta de modelos sostenibles.Diseño de la metodología: Se realiza un análisis de experiencias que demuestran que existen prácticas colaborativas promovidas por distintas instituciones públicas y privadas para fomentar el uso de la tecnología en el sector del turismo. Para conocer información sobre las iniciativas se ha realizado una recopilación de fuentes secundarias.Resultados: El trabajo demuestra que el tema es de interés para comunidad científica y recopila las prácticas en España ligadas al interés de organismos que apuestan por nuevas iniciativas que ayuden a la competitividad del turismo en España, siendo incipiente el uso de la inteligencia artificial en la realidad del sector.Implicaciones prácticas: Las nuevas tendencias en tecnología se están aplicando en la recuperación creciente y sostenible del turismo a largo plazo tras las cifras que ha dejado la pandemia del COVID-19. Esto es fruto de una nueva corriente de pensamiento que pone de manifiesto la cooperación para el progreso social.
Immanuel Kant e l’etica ambientale. Tre proposte per rivisitare (e una per riattualizzare) la morale kantiana
Authors: Andreozzi Matteo
Published: January 2023

The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate that in order to claim that Kant’s ethics is neither speciesist nor anthropocentric there is no need to reinterpret Kant’s theories pushing them over their anthroposcopism. I start by exploring the most relevant references to non-human animals and nature in Kant’s moral theory. Then I highlight the main reasons behind the critics of speciesism and anthropocentrism often referred to Kant’s philosophy. I show how non-anthropocentric environmental ethics reinterpretations of Kant’s moral theory offered by Christine Korsgaard, Sharon Anderson-Gold e Marc Lucht reply to the critics. In conclusion, I claim that staying with Kant’s anthroposcopism and formal approach to moral ethics could be enough to provide a stronger theoretical framework for an already widespread and widely accepted weak anthropocentric reformist environmental ethics.
The use of non-functional clonotypes as a natural calibrator for quantitative bias correction in adaptive immune receptor repertoire profiling
Authors: Smirnova Anastasia O , Miroshnichenkova Anna M , Olshanskaya Yulia V , Maschan Michael A , Lebedev Yuri B , Chudakov Dmitriy M , Mamedov Ilgar Z , Komkov Alexander
Published: January 2023

High-throughput sequencing of adaptive immune receptor repertoires is a valuable tool for receiving insights in adaptive immunity studies. Several powerful TCR/BCR repertoire reconstruction and analysis methods have been developed in the past decade. However, detecting and correcting the discrepancy between real and experimentally observed lymphocyte clone frequencies are still challenging. Here, we discovered a hallmark anomaly in the ratio between read count and clone count-based frequencies of non-functional clonotypes in multiplex PCR-based immune repertoires. Calculating this anomaly, we formulated a quantitative measure of V- and J-genes frequency bias driven by multiplex PCR during library preparation called Over Amplification Rate (OAR). Based on the OAR concept, we developed an original software for multiplex PCR-specific bias evaluation and correction named iROAR: immune Repertoire Over Amplification Removal (https://github.com/smiranast/iROAR). The iROAR algorithm was successfully tested on previously published TCR repertoires obtained using both 5’ RACE (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends)-based and multiplex PCR-based approaches and compared with a biological spike-in-based method for PCR bias evaluation. The developed approach can increase the accuracy and consistency of repertoires reconstructed by different methods making them more applicable for comparative analysis.
Hierarchical architecture of dopaminergic circuits enables second-order conditioning in Drosophila
Authors: Yamada Daichi , Bushey Daniel , Li Feng , Hibbard Karen L , Sammons Megan , Funke Jan , Litwin-Kumar Ashok , Hige Toshihide , Aso Yoshinori
Published: January 2023

Dopaminergic neurons with distinct projection patterns and physiological properties compose memory subsystems in a brain. However, it is poorly understood whether or how they interact during complex learning. Here, we identify a feedforward circuit formed between dopamine subsystems and show that it is essential for second-order conditioning, an ethologically important form of higher-order associative learning. The Drosophila mushroom body comprises a series of dopaminergic compartments, each of which exhibits distinct memory dynamics. We find that a slow and stable memory compartment can serve as an effective ‘teacher’ by instructing other faster and transient memory compartments via a single key interneuron, which we identify by connectome analysis and neurotransmitter prediction. This excitatory interneuron acquires enhanced response to reward-predicting odor after first-order conditioning and, upon activation, evokes dopamine release in the ‘student’ compartments. These hierarchical connections between dopamine subsystems explain distinct properties of first- and second-order memory long known by behavioral psychologists.
Selective integration of diverse taste inputs within a single taste modality
Authors: Deere Julia U , Sarkissian Arvin A , Yang Meifeng , Uttley Hannah A , Martinez Santana Nicole , Nguyen Lam , Ravi Kaushiki , Devineni Anita V
Published: January 2023

A fundamental question in sensory processing is how different channels of sensory input are processed to regulate behavior. Different input channels may converge onto common downstream pathways to drive the same behaviors, or they may activate separate pathways to regulate distinct behaviors. We investigated this question in the Drosophila bitter taste system, which contains diverse bitter-sensing cells residing in different taste organs. First, we optogenetically activated subsets of bitter neurons within each organ. These subsets elicited broad and highly overlapping behavioral effects, suggesting that they converge onto common downstream pathways, but we also observed behavioral differences that argue for biased convergence. Consistent with these results, transsynaptic tracing revealed that bitter neurons in different organs connect to overlapping downstream pathways with biased connectivity. We investigated taste processing in one type of downstream bitter neuron that projects to the higher brain. These neurons integrate input from multiple organs and regulate specific taste-related behaviors. We then traced downstream circuits, providing the first glimpse into taste processing in the higher brain. Together, these results reveal that different bitter inputs are selectively integrated early in the circuit, enabling the pooling of information, while the circuit then diverges into multiple pathways that may have different roles.
Solving Nonlinear Conservation Laws of Partial Differential Equations Using Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Li Qing , Geng Jiahui , Evje Steinar , Rong Chunming
Published: January 2023

Nonlinear Conservation Laws of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) are widely used in different domains. Solving these types of equations is a significant and challenging task. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have recently been established as fast and accurate alternatives for principled solvers when applied to standard equations with regular solutions. There have been few investigations on GNNs implemented for complex PDEs with nonlinear conservation laws. Herein, we explore GNNs to solve the following problem
ut + f(u, β)x = 0 
where f(u, β) is the nonlinear flux function of the scalar conservation law, u is the main variable, and β is the physical parameter. The main challenge of nonlinear conservation laws is that solutions typically create shocks. That is, one or several jumps in the form (uL, uR) with uL ≠ uR moving in space and probably changing over time such that information about f(u) in the interval associated with this jump is not present in the observation data. We demonstrate that GNNs could achieve accurate estimates of PDEs solutions based on new initial conditions and physical parameters within a specific parameter range.
Contrastive learning for unsupervised medical image clustering and reconstruction
Authors: Ferrante Matteo , Boccato Tommaso , Duggento Andrea , Spasov Simeon , Toschi Nicola
Published: January 2023

The lack of large labeled medical imaging datasets, along with significant inter-individual variability compared to clinically established disease classes, poses significant challenges in exploiting medical imaging information in a precision medicine paradigm, where in principle dense patient-specific data can be employed to formulate individual predictions and/or stratify patients into finer-grained groups which may follow more homogeneous trajectories and therefore empower clinical trials. In order to efficiently explore the effective degrees of freedom underlying variability in medical images in an unsupervised manner, in this work we propose an unsupervised autoencoder framework which is augmented with a contrastive loss to encourage high separability in the latent space. The model is validated on (medical) benchmark datasets. As cluster labels are assigned to each example according to cluster assignments, we compare performance with a supervised transfer learning baseline. Our methods achieves similar performance to the supervised architecture, indicating that separation in the latent space reproduces expert medical observer-assigned labels. The proposed method could be beneficial for patient stratification, exploring new subdivision of larger classes or pathological continua or, due to its sampling abilities in a variation setting, data augmentation in medical image processing.
A contrastive learning approach for individual re-identification in a wild fish population
Authors: Olsen Ørjan Langøy , Sørdalen Tonje Knutsen , Goodwin Morten , Malde Ketil , Knausgård Kristian Muri , Halvorsen Kim Tallaksen
Published: January 2023

In both terrestrial and marine ecology, physical tagging is a frequently used method to study population dynamics and behavior. However, such tagging techniques are increasingly being replaced by individual re-identification using image analysis.
This paper introduces a contrastive learning-based model for identifying individuals. The model uses the first parts of the Inception v3 network, supported by a projection head, and we use contrastive learning to find similar or dissimilar image pairs from a collection of uniform photographs. We apply this technique for corkwing wrasse, Symphodus melops, an ecologically and commercially important fish species. Photos are taken during repeated catches of the same individuals from a wild population, where the intervals between individual sightings might range from a few days to several years.
Our model achieves a one-shot accuracy of 0.35, a 5-shot accuracy of 0.56, and a 100-shot accuracy of 0.88, on our dataset.
Nearest Unitary and Toeplitz matrix techniques for adaptation of Deep Learning models in photonic FPGA
Authors: Agrafiotis Georgios , Makri Eftychia , Kalamaras Ilias , Lalas Antonios , Votis Konstantinos , Tzovaras Dimitrios
Published: January 2023

Photonic circuits pave the way to extremely quick computation and real-time inference in critical applications, such as imaging flow cytometry (IFC). Nevertheless, current photonic FPGA implementations display intrinsic limitations that restrict the complexity of Deep Learning (DL) models that could be sustained. One of these restrictions implies the weight matrices to be unitary. Thus, machine learning mechanisms to transform weight matrices to their nearest unitary one, are essential for the effective deployment of such demanding tasks. Furthermore, DL models that perform convolutions, require special handling so as to fit in the photonic system. In this work, several methods have been investigated for conversion of non-unitary matrices to unitary ones, as well as, linear algebra techniques for the transformation of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to Feed-Forward models, under the prism of discovery of the best candidate for the photonic FPGA in terms of accuracy and restrictions. Experimental results proved that post-training or iterative techniques to find the nearest unitary weight matrix can be applied for photonic chips with the minimum loss in accuracy, while CNNs adapted well in a photonic configuration employing a Toeplitz matrix implementation. The proposed approach envisions efficient tackling of DL models limitations for deployment in photonic FPGAs.
Pepper growth promotion and biocontrol againstXanthomonas euvesicatoriabyBacillus cereusandBacillus thuringiensisformulations
Authors: Hernández-Huerta Jared , Tamez-Guerra Patricia , Gomez-Flores Ricardo , Delgado-Gardea Ma. Carmen E. , Robles-Hernández Loreto , Gonzalez-Franco Ana Cecilia , Infante-Ramirez Rocio
Published: January 2023

Background

Bacillusgenus has been used in horticultural crops as a biocontrol agent against insect pests, microbial phytopathogens, and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), representing an alternative to agrochemicals. In particular,B. cereus(Bc) andB. thuringiensis(Bt) have been studied for their fungicidal and insecticidal activities. However, their use as biofertilizer formulations and biocontrol agents against phytopathogenic bacteria is limited.

Objective

To evaluate Bc and Bt formulations as PGPB and biocontrol agents against the bacterial spot agentXanthomonas euvesicatoria(Xe) in greenhouse-grown chili peppers.

Methods

Bc and Bt isolates obtained from soil samples were identified and characterized using conventional biochemical and multiplex PCR identification methods. Bioassays to determine Bc and Bt isolates potential as PGPB were evaluated on chili pepper seedlings in seedbeds. In addition, formulations based on Bc (F-BC26 and F-BC08) and Bt (F-BT24) strains were assessed as biofertilizers on pepper, under controlled conditions. Furthermore,in vitroantagonism assays were performed by confronting Bc and Bt isolate formulations against Xe isolates in direct (foliage) and indirect (resistance induction) phytopathogen biocontrol assays on pepper plants, which were grown under controlled conditions for 15 d after formulations treatment.

Results

Isolates were identified as Bc and Bt. Formulations significantly improved pepper growth in seedbeds and pots, whereasin vitrobioassays demonstrated the bactericidal effect of Bc and Bt strains against Xe isolates. Furthermore, assays showed significant plant protection by F-BC26, F-BC08, and F-BT24 formulated strains against Xe.

Conclusion

Results indicated that F-BT24 and F-BC26 isolates formulations promoted pepper growth and protected it againstXanthomonas euvesicatoria.
Effects of the environmental conditions and seasonality on a population survey of the Andean condorVultur gryphusin the tropical Andes
Authors: Márquez-Alvis Sandra , Vallejos Luis Martin , Paredes-Guerrero Santiago , Pollack-Velasquez Luis , Santos Gabriel Silva
Published: January 2023

Background

Among the New World vultures, the Andean condor is considered one of the most culturally and ecologically important species. However, their populations are declining over their entire distributional range. In response, conservation strategies have been implemented in many countries to reverse the increasing extinction risk of this species. The initiatives rely on extensive population surveys to gather basic information necessary to implement policies and to intervene efficiently. Still, there is a need to standardize the surveys based on seasonality and suitable environmental conditions throughout the species distribution. Here, we provide the first assessment of how daily temperature, rainfall, and seasonality influence surveys of Andean condors on a communal roost in the central Peruvian Andes.

Methods

Using an autoregressive generalized linear model, we associated environmental variables with visual surveys of adult and young condors at three different times of the day and three times a week between June 2014 and March 2015.

Results

We found that both adults and young Andean condors showed a threefold reduction in the use of the communal roost after the beginning of the rainy season. Colder and drier days (dry season) are preferable for surveying, as we expect the total number of condors using communal roosts to reduce under rainy (rainfall = −0.53 ± 0.16) and warmer days (temperature = −0.04 ± 0.02) days. Therefore, the significant variation in the use of roosts across seasons and hours should be carefully accounted for in national surveys, at the risk of undermining the full potential of the communal roost surveys. Moreover, we also found a strong bias towards immatures (about 76%) in the adult:immature ratio and a remarkable absence of Andean condors during the wet season. These results suggest that the species might be using other unknown communal roosts hierarchically. Such results provide key information for selecting priority areas for conservation and selecting the best time to survey this species in the tropical Andes. Finally, it may open a fruitful avenue for further research on the protection of the Andean condor.
Personal Financial Management and Entrepreneurial Competencies among Selected Public School Teachers in Cebu City Division
Authors: Polinar Mark Anthony , Cabatingan Albim , Delantar Alexander Franco
Published: January 2023

Public school teachers are role models who mold students into better citizens, and teachers are regarded as the epitome of education and career success. Delivering financial education will be the pinnacle of absurdity if teachers do not practice personal financial management. This study investigated public school teachers' knowledge and practice of personal financial management and entrepreneurial competencies. The study employed the descriptive-correlational method, administered to 229 selected teachers in the Cebu City Division. The main instrument, which consists of three components, was adopted and modified. The data were collected, arranged, tabulated, and interpreted using a statistical technique like weighted mean and Pearson r Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The study revealed that public school teachers were moderately knowledgeable and practiced personal financial management. Also, they moderately manifested all the entrepreneurial competencies identified in the study. Using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient, the level of knowledge and practice of personal financial management are significantly correlated. As a result, it was concluded that public school teachers need to enhance their knowledge and practice of personal financial management, especially knowledge and practice of investing, and the other areas of entrepreneurial competencies uncovered as weak. Subsequently, the principal researcher crafted a comprehensive action plan to help public school teachers enrich their knowledge and practice of personal financial management and entrepreneurial competencies, scaffolding their financial resilience and gently nudging them to entrepreneurial ventures.
Training Needs Assessment of College Faculty: Its Impact on Professional Development and Teaching Motivation
Authors: Tomas Maria Anita , Tiquia Lea Carmela
Published: January 2023

The research aimed to evaluate the training needs of the SMCB college teaching personnel for the quality improvement of seminars and trainings that will be organized and conducted responding to the identified current needs of the teachers. As an aftermath of this assessment survey, the Training Needs Assessment “Action Plan” was formulated to respond to the current needs of the college faculty. Survey results show the areas for improvement in terms of the current level of professional expertise on (1) problem solving and the use of varied technology applications and tools in teaching amid digital disruption; (2) personal needs in terms of developing and maintaining mental and emotional wellness amidst pandemic; and, (3) one’s social skills and financial stability. This study employed a qualitative descriptive research design and had teacher respondents from all the programs. The statistical tools utilized in this study were frequency counts, ranking, and weighted mean. The study shows that the perceived need of the faculty depends on the number of years in service, age, and educational background. The significant difference between the mean of the group was when the variables were used for continuing education.
Phosphorylation regulation of the interaction between Smad7 and activin type I receptor
Authors: Liu Xubao , Nagarajan Raman P , Vale Wylie , Chen Yan
Published: July 2002

Signal transduction of activin, one of the members in the transforming growth factor‐β superfamily, is initiated by ligand binding with two distinct membrane receptors (type II and type I) followed by activation of Smad2 or Smad3. We report here that activin‐induced signaling is negatively regulated by another Smad molecule, Smad7. When expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, Smad7 inhibited the transcriptional response induced by either activin treatment or a constitutively active activin type I receptor (ALK‐4). In addition, Smad7 also inhibited mouse FAST‐2‐mediated transactivation of the Xenopus Mix.2 promoter stimulated by the constitutively active ALK‐4. Smad7 was able to directly associate with ALK‐4 and this association was dependent on the phosphorylation of the type I receptor in its GS domain by activin type II receptors. Expression of kinase defective activin type II receptors decreased the association of Smad7 with ALK‐4. Correspondingly, Smad7 bound poorly to a mutant ALK‐4 bearing serine to alanine substitutions in four putative phosphorylation sites in its GS domain. These studies not only illustrated the counter regulatory function of Smad7 on activin signaling, but also indicated the involvement of phosphorylation at activin type I receptor in the inhibitory action of Smad7.
Beta‐adrenergic signal transduction in the hypothalamus of the European hamster: Relation with the seasonal hibernation cycle and the diurnal activity cycle
Authors: Pleschka Klaus , Nürnberger Frank
Published: July 2002

Mammalian hibernation, an adaptation to survive harsh winter conditions, is one of the most prominent seasonal rhythmic processes exactly regulated on a low metabolic level. Diurnal variations in vegetative physiology are missing during hibernation; however, a precisely working diurnal system is mandatory for both the proper initiation and termination of the annual hibernation phase and the periodical arousal reactions. Biorhythms and the vegetative physiological processes connected with hibernation are, among others, controlled by hypothalamic noradrenaline systems. In this study, the density, binding capacity, and relative proportions of β1‐ and β2‐adrenergic receptors (AR) within the hypothalamus of: 1) motorically inactive summer; 2) motorically active summer; 3) aroused, motorically active winter; and 4) deeply hibernating winter European hamsters (Cricetus cricetus) were studied. For further analysis of the β‐adrenergic signal transduction cascade, the activity of adenylyl cyclase (AC) was measured by formation of cAMP in controls, after stimulation of G proteins, or after forskolin stimulation without or in presence of manganese ions. While β1‐ and β2‐AR subtypes were nearly equally abundant (50% β1:50% β2) in active summer, inactive summer, and hibernating hamsters, a significant redistribution in favor of β2‐AR occurred after arousal (40% β1:60% β2). The activity of AC was much higher in active summer hamsters than in inactive summer, aroused winter, and hibernating winter hamsters. When AC was stimulated by guanylylimidophosphate [Gpp(NH)p], MnCl2, forskolin, or by forskolin in presence of MnCl2 instead of MgCl2, the potency to stimulate AC was found to show the following rank order: basal < Gpp(NH)p < MnCl2 ≤ forskolin + MnCl2 < forskolin.