bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-Energy Transformation Pathways between Naphthalene Isomers
Authors: Salomon Grégoire , Tarrat Nathalie , Schön J. Christian , Rapacioli Mathias
Published: July 2023

The transformation pathways between low-energy naphthalene isomers are studied by investigating the topology of the energy landscape of this astrophysically relevant molecule. The threshold algorithm is used to identify the minima basins of the isomers on the potential energy surface of the system and to evaluate the probability flows between them. The transition pathways between the different basins and the associated probabilities were investigated for several lid energies up to 11 eV, this value being close to the highest photon energy in the interstellar medium (13.6 eV). More than a hundred isomers were identified and a set of 23 minima was selected among them, on the basis of their energy and probability of occurrence. The return probabilities of these 23 minima and the transition probabilities between them were computed for several lid energies up to 11 eV. The first connection appeared at 3.5 eV while all minima were found to be connected at 9.5 eV. The local density of state was also sampled inside their respective basins. This work gives insight into both energy and entropic barriers separating the different basins, which also provides information about the transition regions of the energy landscape.
Research Progress of Natural Matrine Compounds and Synthetic Matrine Derivatives
Authors: Li Jinlei , Wei Shijie , Marabada Davies , Wang Zhizhong , Huang Qing
Published: July 2023

Matrine is a quinoline alkaloid extracted and separated from the dried root, fruit, and other parts of the plant Sophora flavescens using an organic solvent. Matrine exhibits a variety of biological activities and is widely used in pharmacy, agronomy, and other fields. Due to its low bioavailability, poor chemical stability, and toxicity to the central nervous system, a large number of researchers have searched for matrine derivatives with higher biological activity and safety by modifying its structure. In this review article, the research progress of matrine derivatives obtained using two methods (extraction from Sophora flavescens and structural modifications) from 2018 to 2022 in terms of pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, and structure–activity relationship are presented. The modification of matrine over the past five years has been mainly on the D-ring. Many new matrine alkaloids have been extracted from natural products, some of which have good pharmacological activity, which broadens the strategy for matrine structural modification in the future.
Terminalia bellirica Fruit Extract Alleviates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Gut Microbiota, Inflammatory Mediators, and Cytokines
Authors: Li Yao-Yao , Cui Yu , Dong Wan-Rong , Liu Tian-Tian , Zhou Gao , Chen Yu-Xin
Published: July 2023

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease significantly impacting patients’ lives. This study aimed to elucidate the alleviating effect of ethyl acetate extract (TBEA) from Terminalia bellirica fruit on UC and to explore its mechanism. TBEA was the fraction with the best anti-inflammatory activity screened using in vitro anti-inflammatory assays, and HPLC initially characterized its composition. The mice model of ulcerative colitis was established after free drinking of 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium for six days, and the experimental group was treated with 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg TBEA for seven days. We found that TBEA significantly alleviated symptoms in UC mice, including a physiologically significant reduction in disease activity index and pathological damage to colonic tissue. TBEA dramatically slowed down oxidative stress and inflammatory process in UC mice, as evidenced by decreasing myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde activities and increasing glutathione and catalase levels by reducing the concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and NO in UC mice, as well as by regulating key proteins in the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Meanwhile, TBEA maintained intestinal homeostasis by regulating intestinal flora structure. Our study provides new ideas for developing TBEA into a new drug to treat UC.
Synthesis of Azuleno[2,1-b]quinolones and Quinolines via Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Cyclization of 2-Arylaminoazulenes
Authors: Shoji Taku , Takeuchi Mutsumi , Uda Mayumi , Ariga Yukino , Yamazaki Akari , Sekiguchi Ryuta , Ito Shunji
Published: July 2023

Quinolone and quinoline derivatives are frequently found as substructures in pharmaceutically active compounds. In this paper, we describe a procedure for the synthesis of azuleno[2,1-b]quinolones and quinolines from 2-arylaminoazulene derivatives, which are readily prepared via the aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction of a 2-chloroazulene derivative with several arylamines. The synthesis of azuleno[2,1-b]quinolones was established by the Brønsted acid-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of 2-arylaminoazulene derivatives bearing two ester groups at the five-membered ring. The halogenative aromatization of azuleno[2,1-b]quinolones with POCl3 yielded azuleno[2,1-b]quinolines with a chlorine substituent at the pyridine moiety. The aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction of azuleno[2,1-b]quinolines bearing chlorine substituent with secondary amines was also investigated to afford the aminoquinoline derivatives. These synthetic methodologies reported in this paper should be valuable in the development of new pharmaceuticals based on the azulene skeleton.
How Is Privacy Behavior Formulated? A Review of Current Research and Synthesis of Information Privacy Behavioral Factors
Authors: Paspatis Ioannis , Tsohou Aggeliki , Kokolakis Spyros
Published: July 2023

What influences Information Communications and Technology (ICT) users’ privacy behavior? Several studies have shown that users state to care about their personal data. Contrary to that though, they perform unsafe privacy actions, such as ignoring to configure privacy settings. In this research, we present the results of an in-depth literature review on the factors affecting privacy behavior. We seek to investigate the underlying factors that influence individuals’ privacy-conscious behavior in the digital domain, as well as effective interventions to promote such behavior. Privacy decisions regarding the disclosure of personal information may have negative consequences on individuals’ lives, such as becoming a victim of identity theft, impersonation, etc. Moreover, third parties may exploit this information for their own benefit, such as targeted advertising practices. By identifying the factors that may affect SNS users’ privacy awareness, we can assist in creating methods for effective privacy protection and/or user-centered design. Examining the results of several research studies, we found evidence that privacy behavior is affected by a variety of factors, including individual ones (e.g., demographics) and contextual ones (e.g., financial exchanges). We synthesize a framework that aggregates the scattered factors that have been found in the literature to affect privacy behavior. Our framework can be beneficial to academics and practitioners in the private and public sectors. For example, academics can utilize our findings to create specialized information privacy courses and theoretical or laboratory modules.
Effect of Sonication and Ceria Doping on Nanoparticles Fabricated by Laser Marker Ablation of Ti in Water
Authors: Zhang Huixing , Qi Xiaowen , Liu Chengling , Chen Xiaojie , Teng Chao , Luo Yang , Wang Chenrui , Jiang Hui , Cui Hongtao , Dong Ji
Published: July 2023

By employing the laser marker fast ablation technique in water, combined with the innovative inclusion of sonication, we successfully developed Ti-based nanoparticles with improved characteristics. sonication increased the nanoparticle concentration in the colloid, reduced nanoparticle size, and also narrowed size distribution. Our findings also provide valuable insights into the influence of laser parameters, such as wavelength and fluence, on nanoparticle properties. UV laser led to small nanoparticles compared with 1064 nm laser. Additionally, high laser fluence appeared to increase the ablated particle size until a plateau fluence at 28.5 J/cm2; at 38 J/cm2, the particle size decreased. Notably, all synthesized particles exhibited a regular spherical shape, as confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping, which also indicated that the majority of Ti-based particles were in an oxidized state. Additionally, the presence of rutile TiO2 in the particles was further confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Ceria doping Titania nanoparticles was also attempted.
Copper-Based Silica Nanotubes as Novel Catalysts for the Total Oxidation of Toluene
Authors: Deboos Victor , Calabrese Carla , Giraudon Jean-Marc , Morent Rino , De Geyter Nathalie , Liotta Leonarda Francesca , Lamonier Jean-François
Published: July 2023

Cu (10 wt%) materials on silica nanotubes were prepared via two different synthetic approaches, co-synthesis and wetness impregnation on preformed SiO2 nanotubes, both as dried or calcined materials, with Cu(NO3)2.5H2O as a material precursor. The obtained silica and the Cu samples, after calcination at 550 °C for 5 h, were characterized by several techniques, such as TEM, N2 physisorption, XRD, Raman, H2-TPR and XPS, and tested for toluene oxidation in the 20–450 °C temperature range. A reference sample, Cu(10 wt%) over commercial silica, was also prepared. The copper-based silica nanotubes exhibited the best performances with respect to toluene oxidation. The Cu-based catalyst using dried silica nanotubes has the lowest T50 (306 °C), the temperature required for 50% toluene conversion, compared with a T50 of 345 °C obtained for the reference catalyst. The excellent catalytic properties of this catalyst were ascribed to the presence of easy copper (II) species finely dispersed (crystallite size of 13 nm) on the surface of silica nanotubes. The present data underlined the impact of the synthetic method on the catalyst properties and oxidation activity.
Nanoceria as Safe Contrast Agents for X-ray CT Imaging
Authors: García Ana , Cámara Juan Antonio , Boullosa Ana María , Gustà Muriel F. , Mondragón Laura , Schwartz Simó , Casals Eudald , Abasolo Ibane , Bastús Neus G. , Puntes Víctor
Published: July 2023

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) have exceptional catalytic properties, rendering them highly effective in removing excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) from biological environments, which is crucial in safeguarding these environments against radiation-induced damage. Additionally, the Ce atom’s high Z number makes it an ideal candidate for utilisation as an X-ray imaging contrast agent. We herein show how the injection of albumin-stabilised 5 nm CeO2NPs into mice revealed substantial enhancement in X-ray contrast, reaching up to a tenfold increase at significantly lower concentrations than commercial or other proposed contrast agents. Remarkably, these NPs exhibited prolonged residence time within the target organs. Thus, upon injection into the tail vein, they exhibited efficient uptake by the liver and spleen, with 85% of the injected dose (%ID) recovered after 7 days. In the case of intratumoral administration, 99% ID of CeO2NPs remained within the tumour throughout the 7-day observation period, allowing for observation of disease dynamics. Mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) elemental analysis confirmed X-ray CT imaging observations.
The Effect of Rolling Texture on the Plastic Deformation of Nano-Gradient Aluminum
Authors: Zhang Yaxin , Lyu Hao
Published: July 2023

Creating alloys with a gradient microstructure in grain size has been shown to be a potential method to resolve the trade-off dilemma between strength and ductility. However, different textures developed with various processing methods cannot be fully eliminated, which can significantly affect the mechanical behavior of alloys. In this study, we use a multiscale framework based on dislocation theory to investigate how the combination of rolling texture and gradient in grain size affects the plastic deformation of nano-gradient aluminum during a tensile test. We found that specific rolling textures, such as {110} texture, can significantly enhance the strength and ductility of nano-gradient aluminum. This improvement is the result of the grain being reoriented and the redistribution of stress and strain, which are caused by the combined influence of texture and variation in grain size. These results provide new insights into developing high-performance aluminum by mediating texture and grain size gradient.
Exocytosis of Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Liu Jie , Liu Yuan-Yuan , Li Chen-Si , Cao Aoneng , Wang Haifang
Published: July 2023

Both biomedical applications and safety assessments of manufactured nanomaterials require a thorough understanding of the interaction between nanomaterials and cells, including how nanomaterials enter cells, transport within cells, and leave cells. However, compared to the extensively studied uptake and trafficking of nanoparticles (NPs) in cells, less attention has been paid to the exocytosis of NPs. Yet exocytosis is an indispensable process of regulating the content of NPs in cells, which in turn influences, even decides, the toxicity of NPs to cells. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms and influencing factors of the exocytosis of NPs is not only essential for the safety assessment of NPs but also helpful for guiding the design of safe and highly effective NP-based materials for various purposes. Herein, we review the current status and progress of studies on the exocytosis of NPs. Firstly, we introduce experimental procedures and considerations. Then, exocytosis mechanisms/pathways are summarized with a detailed introduction of the main pathways (lysosomal and endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi pathway) and the role of microtubules; the patterns of exocytosis kinetics are presented and discussed. Subsequently, the influencing factors (initial content and location of intracellular NPs, physiochemical properties of NPs, cell type, and extracellular conditions) are fully discussed. Although there are inconsistent results, some rules are obtained, like smaller and charged NPs are more easily excreted. Finally, the challenges and future directions in the field have been discussed.
Recent Understanding in the Chemical Vapor Deposition of Multilayer Graphene: Controlling Uniformity, Thickness, and Stacking Configuration
Authors: Hong Hyo Chan , Ryu Jeong In , Lee Hyo Chan
Published: July 2023

Multilayer graphene has attracted significant attention because its physical properties can be tuned by stacking its layers in a particular configuration. To apply the intriguing properties of multilayer graphene in various optoelectronic or spintronic devices, it is essential to develop a synthetic method that enables the control of the stacking configuration. This review article presents the recent progress in the synthesis of multilayer graphene by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). First, we discuss the CVD of multilayer graphene, utilizing the precipitation or segregation of carbon atoms from metal catalysts with high carbon solubility. Subsequently, we present novel CVD approaches to yield uniform and thickness-controlled multilayer graphene, which goes beyond the conventional precipitation or segregation methods. Finally, we introduce the latest studies on the control of stacking configurations in bilayer graphene during CVD processes.
Fabrication and Characterisation of Calcium Sulphate Hemihydrate Enhanced with Zn- or B-Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles for Hard Tissue Restoration
Authors: Nicoara Adrian Ionut , Voineagu Teodor Gabriel , Alecu Andrada Elena , Vasile Bogdan Stefan , Maior Ioana , Cojocaru Anca , Trusca Roxana , Popescu Roxana Cristina
Published: July 2023

A composite based on calcium sulphate hemihydrate enhanced with Zn- or B-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles was fabricated and evaluated for bone graft applications. The investigations of their structural and morphological properties were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy techniques. To study the bioactive properties of the obtained composites, soaking tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) were performed. The results showed that the addition of 2% Zn results in an increase of 2.27% in crystallinity, while the addition of boron causes an increase of 5.61% compared to the undoped HAp sample. The crystallite size was found to be 10.69 ± 1.59 nm for HAp@B, and in the case of HAp@Zn, the size reaches 16.63 ± 1.83 nm, compared to HAp, whose crystallite size value was 19.44 ± 3.13 nm. The mechanical resistance of the samples doped with zinc was the highest and decreased by about 6% after immersion in SBF. Mixing HAp nanoparticles with gypsum improved cell viability compared to HAp for all concentrations (except for 200 µg/mL). Cell density decreased with increasing nanoparticle concentration, compared to gypsum, where the cell density was not significantly affected. The degree of cellular differentiation of osteoblast-type cells was more accentuated in the case of samples treated with G+HAp@B nanoparticles compared to HAp@B. Cell viability in these samples decreased inversely proportionally to the concentration of administered nanoparticles. From the point of view of cell density, this confirmed the quantitative data.
Improving Photovoltaic Performance of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic MAGeI3 Perovskite Solar Cells via Numerical Optimization of Carrier Transport Materials (HTLs/ETLs)
Authors: AlZoubi Tariq , Mourched Bachar , Al Gharram Mahmoud , Makhadmeh Ghaseb , Abu Noqta Osama
Published: July 2023

In this study, a hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cell (PSC) based on methylammonium germanium triiodide (MAGeI3), which is composed of methylammonium (CH3NH3+) cations and germanium triiodide (GeI3−) anions, has been numerically studied using SCAPS-1d codes. An extensive investigation of various electron transport layers (ETLs) and hole transport layers (HTLs) was conducted to identify the most optimal device configuration. The FTO/ZnOS/MAGeI3/PEDOT-WO3 structure performed the highest efficiency of all combinations tested, with an impressive optimized efficiency of 15.84%. This configuration exhibited a Voc of 1.38 V, Jsc of 13.79 mA/cm2, and FF of 82.58%. J-V characteristics and external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements indicate that this device offers superior performance, as it has reduced current leakage, improved electron and hole extraction characteristics, and reduced trap-assisted interfacial recombination. Optimum device performance was achieved at active layer thickness of 560 nm. These findings may also serve as a basis for developing lightweight and ultra-thin solar cells, in addition to improving overall efficiency. Furthermore, a comprehensive correlation study was conducted to evaluate the optimum thickness and doping level for both ZnOS-ETL and PEDOT-WO3-HTL. The photovoltaic performance parameters of the FTO/ZnOS/MAGeI3/PEDOT-WO3 structure were analyzed over a wide temperature range (275 K to 450 K). The structure exhibited stable performance at elevated operating temperatures up to 385 K, with only minimal degradation in PCE of approximately 0.42%. Our study underscores the promise of utilizing cost-effective and long-term stability materials like ZnOS and PEDOT-WO3 alongside the toxic-free MAGeI3 perovskite. This combination exhibits significant potential for eco-friendly PSC, paving the way for the development of highly efficient ultra-thin PSC.
Influence of Fe Doping on the Electrochemical Performance of a ZnO-Nanostructure-Based Electrode for Supercapacitors
Authors: Kumar Shalendra , Ahmed Faheem , Shaalan Nagih M. , Arshi Nishat , Dalela Saurabh , Chae Keun Hwa
Published: July 2023

ZnO is a potential candidate for providing an economic and environmentally friendly substitute for energy storage materials. Therefore, in this work, Fe-doped ZnO nanostructures prepared using the microwave irradiation procedure were investigated for structural, morphological, magnetic, electronic structural, specific surface area and electrochemical properties to be used as electrodes for supercapacitors. The X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images, and selective-area electron diffraction pattern indicated that the nanocrystalline structures of Fe-doped ZnO were found to possess a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The effect of Fe doping in the ZnO matrix was observed on the lattice parameters, which were found to increase with the dopant concentration. Rods and a nanosheet-like morphology were observed via FESEM images. The ferromagnetic nature of samples is associated with the presence of bound magnetic polarons. The enhancement of saturation magnetization was observed due to Fe doping up to 3% in correspondence with the increase in the number of bound magnetic polarons with an Fe content of up to 3%. This behavior is observed as a result of the change in the oxidation state from +2 to +3, which was a consequence of Fe doping ranging from 3% to 5%. The electrode performance of Fe-doped ZnO nanostructures was studied using electrochemical measurements. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) results inferred that the specific capacitance increased with Fe doping and displayed a high specific capacitance of 286 F·g−1 at 10 mV/s for 3% Fe-doped ZnO nanostructures and decreased beyond that. Furthermore, the stability of the Zn0.97Fe0.03O electrode, which was examined by performing 2000 cycles, showed excellent cyclic stability (85.0% of value retained up to 2000 cycles) with the highest specific capacitance of 276.4 F·g−1, signifying its appropriateness as an electrode for energy storage applications.
Functional MOF-Based Materials for Environmental and Biomedical Applications: A Critical Review
Authors: Gatou Maria-Anna , Vagena Ioanna-Aglaia , Lagopati Nefeli , Pippa Natassa , Gazouli Maria , Pavlatou Evangelia A.
Published: July 2023

Over the last ten years, there has been a growing interest in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which are a unique category of porous materials that combine organic and inorganic components. MOFs have garnered significant attention due to their highly favorable characteristics, such as environmentally friendly nature, enhanced surface area and pore volume, hierarchical arrangements, and adjustable properties, as well as their versatile applications in fields such as chemical engineering, materials science, and the environmental and biomedical sectors. This article centers on examining the advancements in using MOFs for environmental remediation purposes. Additionally, it discusses the latest developments in employing MOFs as potential tools for disease diagnosis and drug delivery across various ailments, including cancer, diabetes, neurological disorders, and ocular diseases. Firstly, a concise overview of MOF evolution and the synthetic techniques employed for creating MOFs are provided, presenting their advantages and limitations. Subsequently, the challenges, potential avenues, and perspectives for future advancements in the utilization of MOFs in the respective application domains are addressed. Lastly, a comprehensive comparison of the materials presently employed in these applications is conducted.
Overview of the Molecular Modalities and Signaling Pathways Intersecting with β-Amyloid and Tau Protein in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Elshazly Ahmed M. , Sinanian Melanie M. , Elimam Diaaeldin M. , Zakaria Sherin
Published: July 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the major causes of dementia and its incidence represents approximately 60–70% of all dementia cases worldwide. Many theories have been proposed to describe the pathological events in AD, including deterioration in cognitive function, accumulation of β-amyloid, and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Infection as well as various cellular molecules, such as apolipoprotein, micro-RNA, calcium, ghrelin receptor, and probiotics, are associated with the disruption of β-amyloid and tau protein hemostasis. This review gives an overview on the integrative cellular and signaling molecules that could play a complementary role in the dysregulation of β-amyloid and tau proteins.
Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, an Active Green Tea Component to Support Anti-VEGFA Therapy in Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Blasiak Janusz , Chojnacki Jan , Szczepanska Joanna , Fila Michal , Chojnacki Cezary , Kaarniranta Kai , Pawlowska Elzbieta
Published: July 2023

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a largely incurable disease and an emerging problem in aging societies. It occurs in two forms, dry and wet (exudative, neovascular), which may cause legal blindness and sight loss. Currently, there is not any effective treatment for dry AMD. Meanwhile, repeated intravitreal injections with antibodies effective against vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) slow down wet AMD progression but are not free from complications. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is an active compound of green tea, which exerts many beneficial effects in the retinal pigment epithelium and the neural retina. It has been reported to downregulate the VEGFA gene by suppressing its activators. The inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases 1 and 3 (MAPK1 and MAPK3) may lie behind the antiangiogenic action of EGCG mediated by VEGFA. EGCG exerts protective effects against UV-induced damage to retinal cells and improves dysfunctional autophagy. EGCG may also interact with the mechanistic target rapamycin (MTOR) and unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase (ULK1) to modulate the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis. Several other studies report beneficial effects of EGCG on the retina that may be related to wet AMD. Therefore, controlled clinical trials are needed to verify whether diet supplementation with EGCG or green tea consumption may improve the results of anti-VEGFA therapy in wet AMD.
Effect of a 12-Week Polyphenol Rutin Intervention on Markers of Pancreatic β-Cell Function and Gut Microbiota in Adults with Overweight without Diabetes
Authors: Mathrani Akarsh , Yip Wilson , Sequeira-Bisson Ivana R. , Barnett Daniel , Stevenson Oliver , Taylor Michael W. , Poppitt Sally D.
Published: July 2023

Supplementation with prebiotic polyphenol rutin is a potential dietary therapy for type 2 diabetes prevention in adults with obesity, based on previous glycaemic improvement in transgenic mouse models. Gut microbiota are hypothesised to underpin these effects. We investigated the effect of rutin supplementation on pancreatic β-cell function measured as C-peptide/glucose ratio, and 16S rRNA gene-based gut microbiota profiles, in a cohort of individuals with overweight plus normoglycaemia or prediabetes. Eighty-seven participants were enrolled, aged 18–65 years with BMI of 23–35 kg/m2. This was a 12-week double-blind randomised controlled trial (RCT), with 3 treatments comprising (i) placebo control, (ii) 500 mg/day encapsulated rutin, and (iii) 500 mg/day rutin-supplemented yoghurt. A 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at baseline and at the end of the trial, with faecal samples also collected. Compliance with treatment was high (~90%), but rutin in both capsule and dietary format did not alter pancreatic β-cell response to OGTT over 12 weeks. Gut bacterial community composition also did not significantly change, with Firmicutes dominating irrespective of treatment. Fasting plasma glucose negatively correlated with the abundance of the butyrate producer Roseburia inulinivorans, known for its anti-inflammatory capacity. This is the first RCT to investigate postprandial pancreatic β-cell function in response to rutin supplementation.
The Ketogenic Diet and Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Dyńka Damian , Kowalcze Katarzyna , Charuta Anna , Paziewska Agnieszka
Published: July 2023

The most common and increasing causes of death worldwide are cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Taking into account the fact that diet is a key factor, it is worth exploring this aspect of CVD prevention and therapy. The aim of this article is to assess the potential of the ketogenic diet in the prevention and treatment of CVD. The article is a comprehensive, meticulous analysis of the literature in this area, taking into account the most recent studies currently available. The ketogenic diet has been shown to have a multifaceted effect on the prevention and treatment of CVD. Among other aspects, it has a beneficial effect on the blood lipid profile, even compared to other diets. It shows strong anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective potential, which is due, among other factors, to the anti-inflammatory properties of the state of ketosis, the elimination of simple sugars, the restriction of total carbohydrates and the supply of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, ketone bodies provide “rescue fuel” for the diseased heart by affecting its metabolism. They also have a beneficial effect on the function of the vascular endothelium, including improving its function and inhibiting premature ageing. The ketogenic diet has a beneficial effect on blood pressure and other CVD risk factors through, among other aspects, weight loss. The evidence cited is often superior to that for standard diets, making it likely that the ketogenic diet shows advantages over other dietary models in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. There is a legitimate need for further research in this area.
Psychometric Analysis of the Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants-Short Form to Evaluate Dietary Quality in a Pre-Surgical Bariatric Population
Authors: Hayashi Daisuke , Masterson Travis D. , Rogers Ann M. , Rigby Andrea , Butt Melissa
Published: July 2023

Dietary quality and eating behaviors are essential to evaluating bariatric surgery candidates. The Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants–Short Form (REAP-S) is a previously validated measure of dietary quality suited for use in primary care. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the REAP-S in a pre-surgical bariatric population. This study included data from one academic medical center from August 2020 to August 2022. Variables included socio-demographics, the REAP-S, mental health, and assessments of appetitive traits. Statistical methods included Cronbach’s alpha, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and multivariable analyses. A total of 587 adult patients were included in this analysis. The mean score for the REAP-S was 28.32 (SD: 4.02), indicative of relatively moderate dietary quality. The internal consistency of the REAP-S was moderate, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.65. The three-factor CFA model resulted in a comparative fit index of 0.91. Race (p = 0.01), body mass index (p = 0.01), food fussiness (p < 0.0001), food responsiveness (p = 0.005), and socially desirable responses (p = 0.003) were significantly associated with the total REAP-S score. Although the REAP-S’s original purpose was to assess dietary quality within a primary care population, it shows promise for application within a bariatric surgery-seeking population.
Bibliometric and Visual Analysis of Global Research on Taurine, Creatine, Carnosine, and Anserine with Metabolic Syndrome: From 1992 to 2022
Authors: Sun Jiaru , Guo Fang , Ran Jinjun , Wu Haisheng , Li Yang , Wang Mingxu , Wang Xiaoqin
Published: July 2023

Red meat and animal-sourced protein are often disparaged as risk factors for developing metabolic syndrome, while emerging research has shown the beneficial effects of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, and anserine which are all exclusively abundant in red meat. Thus, it is imperative to highlight the available evidence to help promote red meat as part of a well-balanced diet to optimize human health. In this study, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to investigate the current research status of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, and anserine with metabolic syndrome, identify research hotspots, and delineate developmental trends by utilizing the visualization software CiteSpace. A total of 1094 publications were retrieved via the Web of Science Core Collection from 1992 to 2022. There exists a gradual increase in the number of publications on this topic, but there is still much room for research papers to rise. The United States has participated in the most studies, followed by China and Japan. The University of Sao Paulo was the research institute contributing the most; Kyung Ja Chang and Sanya Roysommuti have been identified as the most prolific authors. The analysis of keywords reveals that obesity, lipid profiles, blood pressure, and glucose metabolism, as well as ergogenic aid and growth promoter have been the research hotspots. Inflammation and diabetic nephropathy will likely be frontiers of future research related to dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, and anserine. Overall, this paper may provide insights for researchers to further delve into this field and enlist the greater community to re-evaluate the health effects of red meat.
Redox Regulation in Age-Related Cataracts: Roles for Glutathione, Vitamin C, and the NRF2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Bejarano Eloy , Weinberg Jasper , Clark Madison , Taylor Allen , Rowan Sheldon , Whitcomb Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2023

Age is the biggest risk factor for cataracts, and aberrant oxidative modifications are correlated with age-related cataracts, suggesting that proper redox regulation is important for lens clarity. The lens has very high levels of antioxidants, including ascorbate and glutathione that aid in keeping the lens clear, at least in young animals and humans. We summarize current functional and genetic data supporting the hypothesis that impaired regulation of oxidative stress leads to redox dysregulation and cataract. We will focus on the essential endogenous antioxidant glutathione and the exogenous antioxidant vitamin C/ascorbate. Additionally, gene expression in response to oxidative stress is regulated in part by the transcription factor NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 [NFE2L2]), thus we will summarize our data regarding cataracts in Nrf2-/- mice. In this work, we discuss the function and integration of these capacities with the objective of maintaining lens clarity.
Unraveling the Impact of Gut and Oral Microbiome on Gut Health in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Elzayat Hala , Mesto Ghaidaa , Al-Marzooq Farah
Published: July 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). IBD mainly includes two distinct diseases, namely Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. To date, the precise etiology of these conditions is not fully elucidated. Recent research has shed light on the significant role of the oral and gut microbiome in the development and progression of IBD and its collective influence on gut health. This review aims to investigate the connection between the oral and gut microbiome in the context of IBD, exploring the intricate interplay between these microbial communities and their impact on overall gut health. Recent advances in microbiome research have revealed a compelling link between the oral and gut microbiome, highlighting their pivotal role in maintaining overall health. The oral cavity and GIT are two interconnected ecosystems that harbor complex microbial communities implicated in IBD pathogenesis in several ways. Reduction in diversity and abundance of beneficial bacterial species with the colonization of opportunistic pathogens can induce gut inflammation. Some of these pathogens can arise from oral origin, especially in patients with oral diseases such as periodontitis. It is essential to discern the mechanisms of microbial transmission, the impact of oral health on the gut microbiome, and the potential role of dysbiosis in disease development. By elucidating this relationship, we can enhance our understanding of IBD pathogenesis and identify potential therapeutic avenues for managing the disease. Furthermore, innovative strategies for modulating the oral and gut microbiome can promote health and prevent disease occurrence and progression.
A Menthol-Enhanced “Cooling” Energy Gel Does Not Influence Laboratory Time Trial Performance in Trained Runners
Authors: Vogel Roxanne M. , Varone Nicole , Clark Cayla , Ramirez Kyndall , Ross Megan L. R. , Swann Christian , Stevens Christopher J.
Published: July 2023

l-menthol (menthol) is an organic compound derived from peppermint which imparts a refreshing mint flavor and aroma to oral hygiene products, chewing gum, and topical analgesics. Menthol has been identified as a non-thermal sensory cooling strategy for athletes when ingested or mouth-rinsed during exercise in hot environments. Therefore, sports nutrition products delivering a controlled concentration of menthol could be beneficial for athletes exercising in the heat. We sought to test the performance and perceptual outcomes of a novel menthol energy gel during treadmill running in the heat (33 °C, 49% RH). Fourteen trained runners (mean ± SD; age: 31 ± 6 years, VO2max: 56.5 ± 10.1 mL·kg−1·min−1, BMI: 23.2 ± 2.4 kg/m2; six female) participated in a randomized, crossover, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. A menthol-enhanced energy gel (0.5% concentration; MEN) or flavor-matched placebo (PLA) was ingested 5 min before and again at 20 and 40 min of a 40 min treadmill exercise preload at 60% VO2max, followed by a 20 min self-paced time trial. The total distance, vertical distance, perceptual measures (thermal comfort, thermal sensation, rating of perceived exertion, and affect), and cognitive performance via computerized neurocognitive assessment were measured. No difference between 20 min self-paced time trial total distance (MEN: 4.22 ± 0.54 km, PLA: 4.22 ± 0.55 km, p = 0.867), vertical distance (MEN: 49.2 ± 24.6 m, PLA: 44.4 ± 11.4 m, p = 0.516), or any perceptual measures was observed (all p > 0.05). Cognitive performance was not different between the trials (all p > 0.05). These results suggest that a menthol energy gel is not superior to a non-menthol gel in terms of performance or perception during treadmill running in the heat. More research is needed to confirm whether these findings translate to ecologically valid settings, including outdoor exercise in ambient heat and during competition.
A Retrospective Chart Review and Infant Feeding Survey in the Irish Phenylketonuria (PKU) Population (2016–2020)
Authors: Rice Jane , McNulty Jenny , O’Shea Meabh , Gudex Teresa , Knerr Ina
Published: July 2023

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited disorder of protein metabolism. It is generally treated using dietary management with limited intake of phenylalanine (Phe). Partial breastfeeding (BF) is encouraged among mothers of infants with PKU, together with a Phe-free mixture of synthetic amino acids. Our aim was to describe our current BF rates and complementary feeding practices, as well as examining parental experiences of infant feeding. The objective was to better understand the challenges faced by families so that improvements can be made to clinical care. A chart review was carried out on 39 PKU patients, examining the BF rate and duration, use of second stage synthetic protein (SP), and average complementary feeding age. A parental questionnaire on complementary feeding and BF experience was designed: 26% of babies were partially breastfed at three months of age; 70% of mums would like to have breastfed for longer and cited PKU as a reason for stopping; 52% of parents reported challenges during the complementary feeding process including food refusal, protein calculation, and anxiety around maintaining good Phe levels. Suggestions to improve BF continuation and duration include active promotion of the benefits and suitability, access to lactation consultant, and peer support. The delay in introducing a second stage SP may contribute to long-term bottle use for SP. Improved patient education, written resources, and support is necessary to improve food choices and long-term acceptance of SP.
Alleviation of Cognitive Impairment-like Behaviors, Neuroinflammation, Colitis, and Gut Dysbiosis in 5xFAD Transgenic and Aged Mice by Lactobacillus mucosae and Bifidobacterium longum
Authors: Ma Xiaoyang , Kim Jeon-Kyung , Shin Yoon-Jung , Son Young-Hoo , Lee Dong-Yun , Park Hee-Seo , Kim Dong-Hyun
Published: July 2023

Neuropsychiatric disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may cause gut inflammation and dysbiosis. Gut inflammation-suppressing probiotics alleviate neuropsychiatric disorders. Herein, to understand whether anti-inflammatory probiotics Lactobacillus mucosae NK41 and Bifidobacterium longum NK46, which suppressed tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages, could alleviate cognitive impairment, we first examined their effects on cognitive function, gut inflammation, and gut microbiota composition in 5xFAD-transgenic mice. Oral administration of NK41 or NK46 decreased cognitive impairment-like behaviors, hippocampal amyloid-β (Aβ), TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-1β expression, hippocampal NF-κB+Iba1+ cell population, and Aβ accumulation, while hippocampal brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and IL-10 expression and BDNF+NeuN+ cell population increased. They also decreased TNF-α and IL-1β expression and NF-κB+CD11c+ cell population in the colon. They also reduced fecal and blood LPS levels and gut Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia populations (including Akkkermansiaceae), which are positively associated with hippocampal TNF-α and fecal LPS levels and negatively correlated with hippocampal BDNF level. However, they increased Odoribactericeae, which positively correlated with BDNF expression level and TNF-α to IL-10 expression ratio. The combination of NK41 and NK46 (4:1, NKc), which potently inhibited TNF-α expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages, additively alleviated cognitive impairment-like behaviors in 5xFAD-transgenic or aged mice. NKc increased hippocampal BDNF+NeuN+ cell population and BDNF expression in 5xFAD-transgenic or aged mice, while hippocampal TNF-α and IL-1β expression decreased. NKc also decreased TNF-α and IL-1β expression in the colon and LPS levels in the blood and feces. These findings suggest that gut bacteria and its product LPS may be closely connected with occurrence of cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation and the combination of NK41 and NK46 can additively alleviate cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation by inducing NF-κB-suppressed BDNF expression and suppressing LPS-producing gut bacteria.
Machine Learning Prediction of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Chinese Premenopausal Women 12 Months after Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Pan Yunhui , Du Ronghui , Han Xiaodong , Zhu Wei , Peng Danfeng , Tu Yinfang , Han Junfeng , Bao Yuqian , Yu Haoyong
Published: July 2023

Premenopausal women, who account for more than half of patients for bariatric surgery, are at higher risk of developing postoperative iron deficiency anemia (IDA) than postmenopausal women and men. We aimed at establishing a machine learning model to evaluate the risk of newly onset IDA in premenopausal women 12 months after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Premenopausal women with complete clinical records and undergoing SG were enrolled in this retrospective study. Newly onset IDA after surgery, the main outcome, was defined according to the age- and gender-specific World Health Organization criteria. A linear support vector machine model was developed to predict the risk of IDA after SG with the top five important features identified during feature selection. Four hundred and seven subjects aged 31.0 (Interquartile range (IQR): 26.0–36.0) years with a median follow-up period of 12 (IQR 7–13) months were analyzed. They were divided into a training set and a validation set with 285 and 122 individuals, respectively. Preoperative ferritin, age, hemoglobin, creatinine, and fasting C-peptide were included. The model showed moderate discrimination in both sets (area under curve 0.858 and 0.799, respectively, p < 0.001). The calibration curve indicated acceptable consistency between observed and predicted results in both sets. Moreover, decision curve analysis showed substantial clinical benefits of the model in both sets. Our machine learning model could accurately predict newly onset IDA in Chinese premenopausal women with obesity 12 months after SG. External validation was required before the model was used in clinical practice.
Improvement of Cognitive Function by Fermented Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer Berries Extracts in an AF64A-Induced Memory Deficit Model
Authors: Yoon Eun-Jung , Ahn Jeong-Won , Kim Hyun-Soo , Choi Yunseo , Jeong Jiwon , Joo Seong-Soo , Park Dongsun
Published: July 2023

This study investigated the potential therapeutic properties of fermented ginseng berry extract (GBE) for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Fermented GBE was examined for its ginsenoside content and physiological properties, which have been suggested to have neuroprotective effects and improve cognitive function. The results showed that fermented GBE contains high levels of major active ginsenosides and exhibits antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Post-fermented GBE demonstrated therapeutic potential in AF64A-induced damaged neural stem cells and an animal model of AD. These findings suggest that fermented GBE may hold promise as a candidate for developing new therapeutic interventions for memory deficits and cognitive disorders associated with AD and other neurodegenerative conditions. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of fermented GBE in human subjects and to determine its clinical applications. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that fermented GBE has potential as a natural product for the prevention and treatment of AD. The high levels of active ginsenosides and antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of fermented GBE suggest that it may be a promising therapeutic agent for improving cognitive function and reducing neurodegeneration.
Alzheimer’s Disease Genetic Influences Impact the Associations between Diet and Resting-State Functional Connectivity: A Study from the UK Biobank
Authors: Li Tianqi , Willette Auriel A. , Wang Qian , Pollpeter Amy , Larsen Brittany A. , Mohammadiarvejeh Parvin , Fili Mohammad
Published: July 2023

Background: Red wine and dairy products have been staples in human diets for a long period. However, the impact of red wine and dairy intake on brain network activity remains ambiguous and requires further investigation. Methods: This study investigated the associations between dairy and red wine consumption and seven neural networks’ connectivity with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from a sub-cohort of the UK Biobank database. Linear mixed models were employed to regress dairy and red wine consumption against the intrinsic functional connectivity for each neural network. Interactions with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk factors, including apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype, TOMM40 genotype, and family history of AD, were also assessed. Result: More red wine consumption was associated with enhanced connectivity in the central executive function network and posterior default mode network. Greater milk intake was correlated with more left executive function network connectivity, while higher cheese consumption was linked to reduced posterior default mode network connectivity. For participants without a family history of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), increased red wine consumption was positively correlated with enhanced left executive function network connectivity. In contrast, participants with a family history of AD displayed diminished network connectivity in relation to their red wine consumption. The association between cheese consumption and neural network connectivity was influenced by APOE4 status, TOMM40 status, and family history, exhibiting contrasting patterns across different subgroups. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that family history modifies the relationship between red wine consumption and network strength. The interaction effects between cheese intake and network connectivity may vary depending on the presence of different genetic factors.