bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative airborne experiments tools for Science Users
Authors: Vernizeau Thomas , Gallois Rémy , Gaubert Jean Marc , Jiang Tetyana
Published: March 2022

The SAFIRE, a joint service unit of CNRS, Météo-France and CNES in charge of environment observation campaigns, aeronautical R&D projects, as well as preparation and validation of space missions, is striving to provide state of the art infrastructure and services to its Science Users. Hence, SAFIRE has always supported development of common standards and use of best practices for hosting Science Payloads in its airborne infrastructure.

In the recent years, airborne scientific operations have been significantly improved through digitalization. However, growing number of individual equipment embarked still leads to tedious work when attempting to integrate together acquisition, measurement and processing tools or to manage the experimental set up as a whole. To answer this challenge, SAFIRE has proposed to use MQTT protocol messaging to allow an easier flow of data between on board equipment.

Collaborating with the SAFIRE, ATMOSPHERE developed MQTT-based solutions aiming to provide automated storage of measurement data in specific formats, and live monitoring of data produced by various equipment. These solutions can be easily interfaced with other MQTT compliant equipment and allow more centralized data management and processing.

The paper will describe the benefits of the new SAFIRE airborne architecture and will review early results from latest measurements campaigns. It will also describe how the exploitation of data monitoring and processing tools using MQTT-based communication can benefit the scientific community.
The technogenic factor of PAH accumulation in floodplain soils of the Don River Delta
Authors: Dudnikova Tamara , Barbashev Andrey , Sushkova Svetlana , Antonenko Elena , Deryabkina Irina , Shuvaev Evgenyi , Bakoeva Gulnora , Elgendy Hadeer , Johar Jawaria , Bren Dmitryi , Yakovlenko Alexandr , Maltseva Tatiana
Published: March 2022

The Don River Delta is a unique natural structure that performs an important ecological function as a spawning ground for endangered fish species. Shipping is a source of carcinogens of the group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) - substances of the 1st hazard class. The maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of BaP in the soil is 20 μg / kg. The accumulation of PAHs in the floodplain soils of the delta is especially dangerous since the active washout of pollutants with the soil mass during the flood period (spring) coincides with fish spawning.

The object of the study was saturated alluvial meadow soils. Soil properties vary within the following ranges: pH - 7.3-7.5, organic carbon content - 1.2-2.0%, physical clay - 14.9-19.4%, silt - 4.9-8.9 %. Sampling was carried out to a depth of 0-20 cm. PAHs were extracted from the soil with hexane. Quantitative analysis of PAHs in the extract was carried out using an Agilent 1260 chromatograph. In this work, the content of 16 PAHs included in the list of priority pollutants of the US EPA was determined: naphthalene, anthracene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, phenanthrene, fluorene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benzo(a)anthracene, BaP, benzo(b)- and benzo(k)fluoranthene, dibenzo(ah)anthracene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene.

This study presents the main patterns of PAHs accumulation in the floodplain soils of the Don River delta used by the shipping channel. The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of the technogenic factor on the accumulation of PAHs in the floodplain soils of the Don River delta. As a result of the study, it was found that, according to the content of PAHs, the soils form the following row: No. 1 - 400 μg / kg> No. 2 - 1729 μg / kg> No. 3 - 9376 μg / kg. A similar series is observed for the amount of BaP in the soil: No. 1 - 22 μg / kg> No. 2 - 201 μg / kg> No. 3 - 2013 μg / kg, which corresponds to an excess of MPC by 1.1, 18 and 100 times.

Thus, the PAHs content in soils increases downstream of the shipping channel. The maximum technogenic load falls on the soil of the monitoring site No. 3, located in the mixing zone of the waters of the Taganrog Bay and the delta of the Don.

The research was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation project on the development of the Young Scientist Laboratory (no. LabNOTs-21-01AB).
Investigation on Aerosol particles originating from asphalt pavement using Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor and Optical Particle Counter
Authors: Koyun Ayşe N. , Gratzl Jürgen , Seifried Teresa M. , Bieber Paul , Hofko Bernhard , Grothe Hinrich
Published: March 2022

Asphalt related emissions act as non-traditional sources of secondary organic aerosol precursors (Khare, 2018). We have evaluated emissions generated during asphalt pavement construction and compared it to background and laboratory measurements. Particle size distribution during construction, background and laboratory measurements were performed with an Optical Particle Counter (OPC) and correlated with a Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor (WIBS). Fluorescence intensity of aerosol particles of both background measurements and during the pavement construction process were recorded with two excitation wavelengths (280 nm and 370 nm) and two emission windows (310 - 400 nm and 420 - 650 nm). The multi-channel registration of aerosol particles allows a differentiation between asphalt emissions, soot and biological particles and provides information on the concentration and signature of asphalt aerosol particles.

Laboratory studies on the same asphalt mixture were set up to provide particle size and fluorescence information on the asphalt emission without the influence of environmental impacts. Fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of the applied asphalt mixture support the assignment of aerosol particles registered by the WIBS to asphalt origin.

Literature:

Khare, D. R. Gentner, Considering the future of anthropogenic gas-phase organic compound emissions and the increasing influence of non-combustion sources on urban air quality. Atmos. Chem. Phys.18, 5391–5413 (2018).
Effect of Clay Mineralogy on Hill Slope Weathering
Authors: Pal Arnab Kumar , Garia Siddharth , Nair Archana M
Published: March 2022

The shallow subsurface is prone to the dynamic influence of anthropogenic and environmental processes. To understand the influence, it is essential to quantify the rate of weathering across the depth profile. Chemical weathering rates for landscapes are difficult to quantify due to the non-uniqueness of the timescales over which weathering occurs. The rate of chemical weathering is generally observed to increase with physical erosion and weathering. Clay, a weathering product of rock mass, mainly contributes to this chemical weathering. Therefore, understanding the effect of clay mineralogy is significant in understanding this weathering environment. It is noticeable that intense rainfall in northeastern India mainly contributes to the weathering of the rock mass. Hence, the present study investigates the mechanism by examining the chemical weathering profile across the regolith depth. The primary objective of this study is to highlight that clay minerals have a significant role in the surface and subsurface weathering process across hillslope. Thus, for the analysis purpose, undisturbed soil samples were collected from the top 20 meters of the sediment column in a hillslope of northeastern India, inside IIT Guwahati campus, Assam at a regular 5-meter interval using the auger drilling technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the clay mineralogy. Clay mineral was separated from the actual soil sample by following the USGS standard manual (extracting <2μm fraction) after treating with Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution to remove organic matter. Organic matter was removed as it may cause background interference and prevent parallel orientation of clay minerals. It is observed that illite is the dominant clay mineral, followed by kaolinite and chlorite. Illite content decreases significantly with depth, while kaolinite and chlorite content increases slightly with depth. This variation may be attributed to climatic conditions, rainfall distribution across the year, resulting in deep infiltration. Mineral fluid interaction along with variation in climatic and environmental conditions subsequently causes clay mineral alteration. The accumulation of clay minerals and their alteration forms a zone of mechanical and chemical weakness, causing soil mass movement across hillslope. Thus, it can be concluded that mineralogical and geochemical analysis is essential for determining landscape sensitivity to erosion and weathering processes of hillslope areas.
In-situ gravity measurements using a vibrating beam MEMS accelerometer designed for surface microgravimetry.
Authors: Reed Matthew , Sobreviela-Falces1 Guillermo , Pandit Milind , Mcintosh James , Young Douglas , Pili Callisto , Abbott Julian , Brook Guy , MacCarthy Niall , Boddice Daniel , Rahimzadah Farough , Metje Nicole , Vovrosh Jamie , Baker Colin , Seshia Ashwin
Published: March 2022

A differential vibrating beam MEMS gravimeter has been produced and used for the first time in a prototype system to measure and map a gravity anomaly. The Allan deviation for the system is 10 μGal for an integration time of 1000 s. The specification of the MEMS gravimeter is consistent with earlier prototypes [1, 2] reported on in previous years, where we have shown instances of tidal tracking and seismic measurements.

Here, we present results of our first mapping of a gravity anomaly with the SMG-Grav10 prototype system. The measurements were taken at the new National Buried Infrastructure Facility (NBIF), sited at the University of Birmingham; where a 2 m diameter cylindrical plastic pipe has been buried under sand at a depth of 0.3 m, producing a modelled gravity anomaly of ~40 µGal. Gravity data was acquired at a number of stations situated along a survey line on the surface above the NBIF tunnel. The vibrating beam MEMS gravimeter has been able to record the resulting gravity anomaly and recreate the modelled relative gravity values. The average error reported across all measurement stations is 10 µGal, with the smallest measurement error of 5 µGal. These results are benchmarked relative to a commercially available reference gravimeter (Scintrex CG-6) employed to map the same anomaly.

[1] Topham, A. et al., Use of a vibrating beam MEMS accelerometer for surface microgravimetry, EGU 2021.

[2] Mustafazade, A., Pandit, M., Zhao, C. et al. A vibrating beam MEMS accelerometer for gravity and seismic measurements. Sci Rep 10, 10415 (2020).
Changes in Arctic Halocline Waters along the East Siberian Slope and in the Makarov Basin from 2007 to 2020
Authors: Bertosio Cécilia , Provost Christine , Athanase Marylou , Sennéchael Nathalie , Garric Gilles , Lellouche Jean-Michel , Kim Joo-Hong , Cho Kyoung-Ho , Park Taewook
Published: March 2022

The Makarov Basin halocline receives contributions from diverse water masses of Atlantic, Pacific, and East Siberian Sea origin. Changes in surface circulation (e.g., in the Transpolar Drift and Beaufort Gyre) have been documented since the 2000s, while the upper ocean column in the Makarov Basin has received little attention. The evolution of the upper and lower halocline in the Makarov Basin and along the East Siberian Sea slope was examined combining drifting platforms observations, shipborne hydrographic data, and modelled fields from a global operational physical model.

In 2015, the upper halocline in the Makarov Basin was warmer, fresher, and thicker compared to 2008 and 2017, likely resulting from the particularly westward extension of the Beaufort Gyre that year. From 2012-onwards, cold Atlantic-derived lower halocline waters, previously restricted to the Lomonosov Ridge area, progressed eastward along the East Siberian slope, with a sharp shift from 155 to 170°E above the 1000 m isobath in winter 2011-2012, followed by a progressive eastward motion after winter 2015-2016 and reached the western Chukchi Sea in 2017. In parallel, an active mixing between upwelled Atlantic water and shelf water along the slope, formed dense warm water which also supplied the Makarov Basin lower halocline.

The progressive weakening of the halocline, together with shallower Atlantic Waters, is emblematic of a new Arctic Ocean regime that started in the early 2000s in the Eurasian Basin. Our results suggest that this new Arctic regime now may extend toward the Amerasian Basin.
Analysis of impurities from Talos Dome ice core to assess the solubility of different elements  using INAA and ICP-SFMS
Authors: Di Stefano Elena , Baccolo Giovanni , Gabrielli Paolo , Delmonte Barbara , Maggi Valter
Published: March 2022

Antarctic ice cores play a central role in paleoclimatic reconstructions, as they provide a high resolution archive of past climatic and environmental processes. This study focuses on the TALDICE ice core drilled at Talos Dome (East Antarctica, 72°49’S, 159°11’E), which covers more than 343k years of climate history. A comparison is presented between samples analyzed through two different techniques: low background instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS). While the former is used to investigate only the insoluble fraction of dust, as it can only be applied to solid samples, the latter is used to assess the elemental composition of both the total and the soluble fraction of dust. We thus observe how different elements partition between soluble and insoluble phase at different depths of the ice core and link the geochemical patterns of the considered elements to the main climatic oscillations covered in the Talos Dome ice core.

We determined 45 elements through ICP-SFMS and 39 through INAA, with a good overlapping of the elements between the two techniques. Besides the determination of major elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe), which is important in the assessment of the impact of dust on the ecosystem (e.g. source of nutrients in the Southern Ocean), the high sensibility of both techniques also permitted the determination of trace elements. Among these, rare earth elements (REE) are of particular importance as they have been widely used as a geochemical tracer of aeolian dust sources.

We present enrichment factors and correlation matrices to assess the crustal or non-crustal origin of the considered elements. The high correlations and low enrichment factors found among insoluble elements confirm a prevalent crustal composition for mineral dust. Regarding solubility, the majority of elements exhibits a minimum in solubility during the last glacial maximum. This is the result of higher fluxes of mineral dust transported to the Antarctic continent during cold climate periods and is consistent with the crustal origin we documented for most of the elements considered.

 

 
Timely mapping and quantification of the 2021 Etna lava flows through the exploitation of multi-sensors remote-sensing data
Authors: Proietti Cristina , Cantarero Massimo , De Beni Emanuela
Published: March 2022

Etna volcano has four summit craters that are characterized by periodic strombolian and lava fountaining episodes, often associated with lava flows. In the last years, the most active was the South East Crater that on 2021 produced more than fifty paroxysms that gave rise to lava flows rapidly propagating towards East, South, and South-West. Etna summit area is visited by thousands of tourists, especially in the summertime, thus it is important to evaluate the hazard related to lava flow emplacement. For this reason, we were urged to timely map the lava flows emplaced during each paroxysm whose frequency was as high as two events in 24 hours. This task has been accomplished through the integration of different remote sensing techniques, based on data availability and weather conditions. Several satellite images (Sentinel-2 MSI, Aster, Ecostress, Skysat, Landsat-8 OLI and TIRS) allowed us to map the lava flow field at spatial resolutions from 0.7 to 90 meters. Unoccupied Aerial System (UAS) surveys also allowed to acquire visible and thermal images, with high-spatial resolution, of the lava flows. Finally, thermal images acquired from the permanent network of cameras, managed by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, were re-projected into the topography at 5-meter spatial resolution. The various remote sensing data enable the mapping of the lava flows and compiling a geodatabase that registers the main geometrical parameters (e.g. length, area, average thickness). The joint exploitation of remote-sensing data acquired through multi-sensors enabled, for the first time on Etna, to timely and accurately characterize frequently occurred effusive events.
Protons in the diamagnetic cavity at comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Authors: Goetz Charlotte , Scharré Lucie , Simon Wedlund Cyril , Nilsson Hans , Odelstad Elias , Taylor Matthew , Volwerk Martin
Published: March 2022

Against expectations, the Rosetta spacecraft was able to observe protons of solar wind origin in the diamagnetic cavity at comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. This study investigates these unexpected observations and gives a working hypothesis on what could be the underlying cause.

The cometary plasma environment is shaped by two distinct plasma populations: the solar wind, consisting of protons, alpha particles, electrons and a magnetic field, and the cometary plasma, consisting of heavy ions such as water ions or carbon dioxide ions and electrons.

As the comet follows its orbit through the solar system, the amount of cometary ions that is produced varies significantly. This means that the plasma environment of the comet and the boundaries that form there are also dependent on the comet's heliocentric distance.

For example, at sufficiently high gas production rates (close to the Sun) the protons from the solar wind are prevented from entering the inner coma entirely. The region where no protons (and other solar wind origin ions) can be detected is referred to as the solar wind ion cavity.

A second example is the diamagnetic cavity, a region very close to the nucleus of the comet, where the interplanetary magnetic field, which is carried by the solar wind electrons, cannot penetrate the densest part of the cometary plasma.

The Rosetta mission clearly showed that the solar wind ion cavity is larger than the diamagnetic cavity at a comet such as 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. However, this new study finds that in isolated cases, ions of solar wind origin (mostly protons, but also helium) can be detected inside the diamagnetic cavity. We present the observations pertaining to these events and list and discard possible mechanisms that could lead to the solar wind cavity becoming permeable to protons, moving inside the diamagnetic cavity or vanishing entirely. Only one mechanism cannot be discarded: that of a solar wind configuration where the solar wind velocity is aligned with the magnetic field. We show evidence that fits this hypothesis as well as solar wind models in support.
Understanding intermodel differences in land carbon sink projections 
Authors: Padrón Ryan S. , Gudmundsson Lukas , Humphrey Vincent , Liu Laibao , Seneviratne Sonia I.
Published: March 2022

Over the last decades, land ecosystems have removed from the atmosphere approximately one third of anthropogenic carbon emissions, highlighting the importance of the evolution of the land carbon sink for projected climate change. Nevertheless, the latest land carbon sink projections from multiple Earth system models show large differences, even for a policy-relevant scenario with mean global warming by the end of the century below 2°C relative to preindustrial conditions. We hypothesize that this intermodel uncertainty originates from model differences in the sensitivities of annual net biome production (NBP) to (i) the CO2 fertilization effect, and to the annual anomalies in growing season (ii) air temperature and (iii) soil moisture, as well as model differences in long-term average (iv) air temperature and (v) soil moisture. Using multiple linear regression and a resampling technique we quantify the individual contributions of these five terms for explaining the cumulative NBP anomaly of each model relative to the ensemble mean. Differences in the three sensitivity terms contribute the most, however, differences in average temperature and soil moisture also have sizeable contributions for some models. We find that the sensitivities of NBP to temperature and soil moisture anomalies, particularly in the tropics, explain approximately half of the deficit relative to the ensemble mean for the two models with the lowest carbon sink (ACCESS-ESM1-5 and UKESM1-0-LL) and half of the surplus for the two models with the highest sink (CESM2 and NorESM2-LM). In addition, year-to-year variations in NBP are more related to variations in soil moisture than air temperature across most models and regions, although several models indicate a stronger relation totemperature variations in the core of the Amazon. Overall, our study advances our understanding of why land carbon sink projections from Earth system models differ globally and across regions, which can guide efforts to reduce the underlying uncertainties.
Preliminary analysis of potential daily cyclic movements on the surface of Brenva rockslide scar based on the GB-InSAR monitoring (Mont-Blanc massif, Aosta Valley, Italy)
Authors: Fei Li , Wolff Charlotte , Bertolo Davide , Rivolta Carlo , Choanji Tiggi , Derron Marc-Henri , Jaboyedoff Michel , Troilo Fabrizio , Thuegaz Patrick , Vicari Joëlle Hélène
Published: March 2022

With global warming, geological hazards such as rockfalls, rockslides and rock avalanches have increased in alpine areas recently. In many studies, this increase has been attributed to the redistribution of the slope stress field, fluctuations in the temperature field (surface layer thaws during summer), and changes in the seepage field (infiltration of snow and ice melting water), which are led by permafrost degradation and glacier retreat. On the other hand, it is necessary to assess the long-term effects of these changes on rock mass fatigue, which could lead to rock instability. The GB-InSAR technique can detect deformation in the mm range. It is ideal for monitoring small deformations caused by daily physical weathering or other factors in high mountains.

A GB-InSAR campaign was performed from 12 August 2020 to 19 October 2020 in the Brenva glacier basin to assess the displacement of the Brenva rockslide scar. We found a daily cycle of expansion and shrinkage on the scar surface during the summer after examining the movement of different control points along the line-of-sight (LOS). Consequently, we explored possible causes behind such displacement. In this case, we realized that the crest and trough of the displacement curve occurred at a certain period of each day. For instance, in the cases of control points 2, 7, and 8, most crests in the displacement curve occurred in the early morning of each day and the troughs in the late afternoon or evening of each day during 06 September and 13 September, with amplitudes of displacement around 0.15mm, 0.25mm, and 0.4mm, respectively. The preliminary correlation between air temperature and daily deformation shows that point 7 moves towards SAR as the air temperature increases, and away from SAR as the temperature decreases. This phenomenon means that such displacement could be caused by the daily changes in temperature (leading to thermal expansion and contraction of materials, and movement of ice in micro-macro cracks) in the rock mass and air.

However, a comprehensive analysis of the LOS displacement that consists of checking the raw data of GB-InSAR (i.e., radar signal comparison), setting more specific control points at locations with various dip directions, and clear correlation between meteorological data and displacement is undergoing to verify and explain such kind of displacement.

In conclusion, continuous daily physical weathering (behaving as cyclic movement) that led to rock mass fatigue probably exists on the surface of alpine slopes, and GB-InSAR could be an effective technique to detect such movement. Despite only slight daily displacement fluctuation on the surface, it could play a crucial role in the initiation of geo-disasters.
From deep time to the future: unlocking the next generation of plate models
Authors: Perez Diaz Lucia
Published: March 2022

The South Atlantic played a key role in the formulation of plate tectonic theory, and plate modelling has come a long way since the very first computer-assisted reconstructions of this ocean basin in the 1960s. This basin remains an active area of exploration interest as well as an excellent case study to discuss the past, present and future of plate modelling and to reflect on the reasons why discrepancies still remain, decades later, between alternative models reconstructing its geological history.

Today, high-resolution studies featuring multiple closely spaced static reconstructions give the opportunity to determine plate motions and their changes through time in more detail than ever before. They act as the foundation stones for many modern-day interpretations and simulations, providing context for regional geological and tectonic studies, and constraints for predictions of past climates, depositional environments, the evolution of stress regimes and, ultimately, the location of natural resources. Defining accurate sets of rotations that describe plate motion, as well as quantifying the uncertainties in them, is thus increasingly important.

As well as becoming more sophisticated, modelling techniques have also somewhat diversified in recent years. This is well illustrated by the fact that, for any one region on the planet, it is relatively easy to find alternative (and often irreconcilable) plate reconstructions built either on the basis of different data, different methodologies, or both. This prompts the question “how does one choose the right plate model” (and is there even such a thing as the “right” plate model). Focusing on the South Atlantic basin and using recently released version 6.0 of the Neftex plate model, I will discuss how unlocking the next generation of plate models requires implementing a global approach anchored on the principles of geodynamics.
Sensitivity of a new hectometric scale snow transport scheme to various parameterizations for sublimation and accumulation/erosion
Authors: Haddjeri Ange , Baron Matthieu , Lafaysse Matthieu , Nheili Rafife , Le Toumelin Louis , Gascoin Simon , Dumont Marie
Published: March 2022

SnowPappus, a new wind snow transport model coupled with Crocus snowpack model, was developed to quantify and model snow drift at a hectometric scale. To reproduce the high spatial variability of the snow cover in Alpine regions, we represent the impact of wind and topography on the simulated snowpack properties. The accurate simulation of the impact of wind is key to anticipate natural hazard related to the snow cover and improve  hydrological predictions. Simulations were performed on a 902 km² French Alps region at 250 m resolution. Here we present the comparison of our snow drift model SnowPappus with in situ measurements and Sentinel 2 snow products, using various sublimation parametrizations and different numerical schemes to represent the horizontal divergence of blowing snow fluxes responsible for accumulation/erosion patterns.
Citing large numbers of diverse datasets
Authors: Ayliffe James , Stockhause Martina , Stall Shelley , Agarwal Deb , Buck Justin , Coward Caroline , Erdmann Chris
Published: March 2022

In Earth and Biological sciences, data are often preserved and publicly available in data repositories where the data are citable by DOIs and published under a Creative Commons CC-BY license. Researchers combine many datasets across disciplines, repositories, and regions to better understand processes, patterns, and drivers. Citing these many datasets is difficult as the large number does not fit into the references section of a paper but the licenses of the datasets require that credit is given to their creators.

 

The Data Citation Community of Practice (CoP) was formed to target such challenges in data citation and other scholarly work that will support indexing and measuring the impact. The CoP identified a container as a solution for large numbers of data citations that holds the citations and its internal format, which is referred to as a 'reliquary'. The existing dataset collection methods have been gathered and evaluated using concrete citation use cases. Requirements for the reliquary content have been identified and applied to the use cases. In this presentation, we will report on the current progress on an approach to building a reliquary.

 

Reliquaries are an important part of enabling cross-disciplinary analysis of large amounts of data stored in many repositories. The challenge with a reliquary will be to design a method that works across diverse repositories and domain citation practices and to enhance the indexing system to direct credit to the reliquary content and authors. The CoP is in the process of setting up a Research Data Alliance (RDA) Working Group on Complex Citations in the Earth, Space, and Environmental Sciences to broaden the discussion and to find further use cases for evaluation and interested early adopters.
Potential return on investment that microbial communities can obtain from the consumption of organic matter determines overall soil microbial activity
Authors: Nunan Naoise , Dufour Louis , Herrmann Anke , Leloup Julie , Przybylski Cédric , Foti Ludovic , Abbadie Luc
Published: March 2022

Microbial communities are a critical component of the soil carbon (C) cycle as they are responsible for the decomposition of both organic inputs from plants and of soil organic C. However, there is still no consensus about how to explicitly represent their role in terrestrial C cycling. The objective of the study was to determine how the properties of organic matter affect the metabolic response of the resident microbial communities in soils, using a bioenergetics approach. This was achieved by cross-amending six soils with excess water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) extracted from the same six soils and measuring heat dissipated due to the increase in microbial metabolic activity. The conditions of the experiment were chosen in order to replicate conditions in activity hotspots. The metabolic activity was then related to the potential return on investment (ROI) that the microbial communities could derive from the WSOM. The objective of the study was to determine how different energetic profiles in available organic avec the metabolic response of different microbial communities.

The ROI was calculated as the ratio between the total net energy available (ΔE) in the WSOM and the weighted average standard state Gibbs energies of oxidation half reactions of organic C (ΔG°Cox) of the molecules present in the WSOM. The ΔE was measured as the heat of combustion of the WSOM, which was measured using bomb calorimetry. ΔG°Cox was estimated from the average nominal oxidation state of C (NOSC), which itself was determined from the elemental composition of each molecular species in the organic matter amendments analyzed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The soil bacterial community structure was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and using the weighted UniFrac distance of rarefied amplicon sequence variants data.

We found that the potential ROI that microbial communities could obtain from the consumption of the added organic matter was positively related to the overall metabolic response of microbial decomposers. However, the observed temporal differences in metabolism across soils indicate that bacterial communities do not exploit energetic return-on-investment in the same ways. Overall, our results suggest that microbial communities preferentially use organic matter with a high energetic return on investment.
Capturing volumetric ripple migration with a terrestrial laser scanner  
Authors: Trimble Sarah , Kelley Madeline , Swann Christy , Hode Abigail , Braithwaite Edward
Published: March 2022

Ripples are the result of wind blowing across sandy surfaces on Earth and other planetary bodies, and therefore ripple presence is evidence that aeolian transport has occurred in that environment. Consequently, ripples are a useful indicator when predicting volumetric transport of windblown material, estimating surface roughness to calculate shear velocity, and interpreting sedimentary deposits across our solar system. Improving prediction of the fluid flow conditions that produce ripples, and the volume of material transported in the form of ripples, are both critical to interpreting landscape evolution across planetary bodies. Here, we present a set of field observations aimed at quantifying the volume and migration rate of aeolian ripples under various flow and transport conditions.

These experiments were conducted during the Aeolian Turbulence and Transport EXperiment (ATTEX) in October 2021 at NASA Wallops Island Flight Facility on the eastern shore of Virginia, USA. Ripple height, wavelength and volume were measured over a 4 x 10 m area using a Riegl VZ-1000 terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). Vertical arrays of sonic anemometers and cup anemometers were used to record 3-dimensional velocity fluctuations and mean wind profile to estimate shear velocity over the rippled surface. A vertical array of saltation traps deployed from the surface to 30 cm was used to estimate vertical flux and saltation rates. Grain size distributions of captured saltation and migrating ripples are compared.
Iron oxide inclusions and exsolution textures of rainbow lattice sunstone
Authors: Jin Shiyun , Sun Ziyin , Palke Aaron C.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Iron oxide inclusions and exsolution lamellae in rainbow
lattice sunstone (RLS) from Harts Range, Australia, are examined using
optical and electron microscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS) analyses show a bulk composition of
An1.4Ab14.8Or83.0Cn0.8 with < 200 ppmw (parts per million weight) of Fe. Two
stages of exsolution can be identified in RLS from the bimodal distribution
in the size and shape of the exsolution lamellae. Micron-scaled
Albite-twinned oligoclase spindles (An27Ab72Or1) first
exsolved at ∼ 650 ∘C were followed by nanoscaled
Pericline-twinned albite films (∼ Ab100) below
500 ∘C that create adularescence. The albite films inherited and
preserved the monoclinic tetrahedral framework of the orthoclase matrix
(An0.3Ab11.5Or87.3Cn0.9) as further ordering was
completely inhibited by coherent-interface strain after exsolution. All the
exsolution lamellae are pristine and strain-controlled with no signs of any
deuteric or hydrothermal alteration, indicating the iron in the magnetite
inclusions was not introduced by an external fluid. The magnetite inclusions
nucleated around the same time as the exsolution of oligoclase spindles
likely due to the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ in the feldspar lattice. Magnetite
films following the specific crystallographic orientation relationship (COR)
of {111}Mt∥{100}Or and
11‾0Mt∥001Or grew to extraordinarily large sizes due to the near
perfect lattice match at the interface with the orthoclase host. Some
thinner magnetite films were oxidized into hematite during weathering of the
host rock. RLS reveals a new mechanism for the formation of the flaky
hematite inclusions in feldspars, which may explain the enigmatic origin of
aventurescence observed in many other sunstones and red-clouded feldspars.
Professional Women and Elder Care in Contemporary Japan: Anxiety and the Move Toward Technocare
Authors: Aronsson Anne
Published: March 2022

The elder population in Japan is increasing drastically, causing a number of issues that have not yet surfaced in most Western countries. Demographic data from Japan reveal that the Japanese have the longest lifespan globally, resulting in the world’s highest population of older adults. Concurrently, the country has a rapidly declining birth rate. As the population ages, the workforce is shrinking and leaving a high number of elders with fewer caregivers to meet their needs. At present, the Japanese government is developing robotic care solutions to overcome the elder care labor shortage and implementing a new agenda to introduce social robots into the field. This article discusses professional women in Japan and their burden of caring for aging relatives and how introducing robotic care devices might reduce current anxieties regarding the provision of elder care. It analyzes the elder care strategies of 12 white-collar professional women in their forties and fifties and examines the extent to which gendered, expected at-home caregiving affects their professional commitments and associated anxieties. The findings below provide crucial insight into the most effective strategies that can be used by Japanese women to balance their careers with responsibilities to care for older relatives, particularly when it is impossible to predict the intensity of caregiving in the future.
Efectividad de la Realidad Virtual (RV) en la disminución del distrés de niños y adolescentes con cáncer: Revisión sistemática
Authors: Moriconi Valeria , Maroto Cristina , Cantero-García María
Published: March 2022

Introducción: Aunque se han publicado muchos estudios que han intentado demostrar la eficacia de diferentes tratamientos psicológicos en pacientes con cáncer; hasta la fecha no se ha revisado la evidencia disponible sobre la eficacia de la Realidad Virtual (RV) para disminuir el distrés en niños y adolescentes con cáncer. Objetivo: El objetivo principal es evaluar la efectividad de la intervención con Realidad virtual en la disminución del distrés que padecen los niños y adolescentes con cáncer ante los procedimientos médicos, la hospitalización, o la propia enfermedad. Resultados: De los 22 artículos encontrados, se han seleccionado para la revisión un total de 8, que seguían un diseño experimental o cuasiexperimental en pacientes niños y jóvenes diagnosticados de cáncer tratados con RV. Conclusiones: Los resultados, aunque heterogéneos, sugieren mejorías a medio–largo plazo en las variables de ansiedad, depresión, aceptación, calidad de vida, distrés y flexibilidad psicológica. Además, la RV ha resultado ser más eficaz que otras técnicas. De este modo, a pesar de las limitaciones encontradas en este estudio, se han obtenido resultados prometedores para futuras revisiones y/ o metaanálisis.
“I literally did not know what it was to feel pain”: the grieving process in families of pediatric oncological patients
Authors: De Freitas Melo Cynthia , Borges de Arruda Gabriel Huet , Lima de Medeiros Liana Carvalho
Published: March 2022

Objective: Cancer is one of the most feared diseases, for being the second leading cause of death in Brazil and for presenting an extended and painful treatment. When the child is sick, the family experiences the getting ill, the losses that result from the treatment and the anticipatory grieving process by the possibility or certainty of close death. It is a difficult and little discussed theme, that requires more research investments. In face of this demand, the present study aimed to analyze the process of grief experienced by the caregiver relatives of children with cancer. Method: It was made an exploratory research, of qualitative approach. Because of overload standard, it counted with the participation of 10 caregiver relatives (father or mother) of children with cancer, that answered a semi-instructed interview script, understood by the textual analyzes in the IRaMuTeQ software (Interface de R pour les Analyses ultimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires). Results: The results showed that the grieving process is present since the diagnosis and remains during the whole treatment. It is experienced due to the suffering, caused by all the losses that come from the treatment and by the possibility or certainty of the child’s death. Conclusion: There is the necessity of unveiling this theme, inviting parents to talk about the unspeakable – the grieves lived during the treatment -, and offer support to the family in all treatment’s phases, with special attention to the care of the caregiver.
William S. Breibart, Phyllis N. Butow, Paul B. Jacobsen, Wendy W. T. Lam, Mark Lazenby, Psyho-Oncology (4ª edición). Matthew J. Loscalzo (Editores), Nueva York, Oxford, 2021.
Authors: Sanz Cortés Ana
Published: March 2022

Reseña de la obra de William S. Breibart, Phyllis N. Butow, Paul B. Jacobsen, Wendy W. T. Lam, MarkLazenby, Psyho-Oncology (4ª edición). Matthew J. Loscalzo (Editores), Nueva York, Oxford, 2021.
Aplikasi Macam Waktu Pemberian Biourine Sapi dan Pupuk Majemuk Pada Padi (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Istiqomah Istiqomah , Ilmi Hafnah Khilwatul , Qibtiyah Mariyatul
Published: March 2022

Tanaman padi merupakan komoditas tanaman pangan utama di Indonesia. Pemakaian pupuk kimia yang berlebihan mengakibatkan tertinggalnya residu dalam tanah yang menyebabkan menurunnya produksi padi. Penggunaan pupuk organik cair biourine sapi dapat membantu menyuburkan tanah dan menjaga stabilitas unsur hara dalam tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh macam waktu pemberian biourine sapi dan pupuk majemuk terhadap peningkatan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman padi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Pelangwot, Kecamatan Laren, Kabupaten Lamongan pada bulan Maret - Juni tahun 2021. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial, yang terdiri dari 2 faktor yaitu macam waktu aplikasi biourine dan macam pupuk majemuk.
ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS PRODUK DENGAN STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL (SQC) PADA PT EVERAGE VALVES METALS CABANG LAMONGAN
Authors: Sentosa Bayu , Nawari Nawari , Abas Sa’abdillah
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the types of damage, the factors that cause damage, and whether product quality control at PT. Ever Age Valves Metals Lamongan Branch is still within the limits of control or not. Data collection techniques was done by direct observation and interviews. In the data processing of this research used the Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods, those are checking sheets, pareto diagrams, cause and effect diagrams, and control charts . The results of this study indicated that the types of damage are boncel body, tepos body, body hole, porous body, broken handlebar, and broken hat. From the causal diagram it could be seen the factors that cause damage, namely humans, raw materials, methods, and tools. On the using of the p control chart showed that the product quality control process had still in the outside of control limit because there are still 7 points that are outside the quality control limit, those are in March, April, June, July, August, September, and November, thus it showed that the control process of product quality had not been implemented well.
PENGELOLAAN RUANG PUBLIK (STUDI KASUS PEMBANGUNAN ALUN-ALUN LAMONGAN)
Authors: Rohmah Eva Nur Laily
Published: March 2022

Abstrak: Ruang publik merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam tata ruang kota. Setiap kota yang ada di Indonesia dituntut untuk menyediakan ruang publik sebebsar 20 % dan hal tersebut telah dituangkan dalam perundang-undangan yang ada di Indonesia. Keberadaan ruang publik sendiri selalu menjadi agenda pembahasan yang serius bagi pemerintah pusat maupun daerah, hal tersebut dikarenakan ruang publik selalu menjadi incaran seluruh elemen masyarakat.  Pembangunan Alun-Alun ini memang secara umum dilakukan untuk mewujudkan Lamongan sebagai kota ramah lingkungan. Dalam artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif. Alun-Alun harus memiliki peran yang dapat mewadahi kebutuhan masyarakat akan semua akan fungsi ruang terbuka publik. Bukan hanya fokus pada satu fungsi yang berjalan. Jika dilihat dari fungsi alun-alun sebagai ruang terbuka publik, maka-maka alun-alun harusnya memiliki fungsi sosial dan fungsi ekologi. Sebagi wujud terpenuhinya syarat terciptanya ruang publik yang sesuai strandart pembangunan Nasional, pemerintah Lamongan telah berupayah membangun ruang terbuka yang pro publik.

Kata Kunci: Ruang Publik, Tata Ruang

 

Abstract: Public space is one of the important components in urban spatial planning. Every city in Indonesia is required to provide 20% public space and this has been stated in the existing legislation in Indonesia. The existence of public space itself has always been a serious discussion agenda for the central and regional governments, this is because public space has always been the target of all elements of society. The development of this square is generally carried out to realize Lamongan as an environmentally friendly city. This article uses descriptive research methods. The square must have a role that can accommodate the needs of the community for all the functions of public open spaces. Don't just focus on one running function. If viewed from the function of the square as a public open space, then the square should have a social function and an ecological function. As a manifestation of the fulfillment of the requirements for the creation of public spaces in accordance with the national development standards, the Lamongan government has made efforts to build open spaces that are pro-public.

Keywords: Public Space, Spatial
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERI LEARNING PADA MATERI TEKS ANEKDOT KELAS X SMK N JATIROGO
Authors: Faizah Nurul
Published: March 2022

Pembelajaran yang menemukan konsep melalui serangkaian data atau informasi yang diperoleh melalui pengamatan atau percobaan. discovery lerning digunakan untuk membangun konsep dibawah pengawasan guru dimana pembelajaran tersebut merupakan pembelajaran kognitif yang menuntut guru untuk lebih kreatif menciptakan situasi yang dapat membuat peserta didik belajar aktif menemukan pengetahuan sendiri. Satuan pendidikan SMK dipilih untuk menjadi obyek penelitian dikarenakan peserta didik memperoleh mata pelajaran bahasa indonesia kompetensi dasar memahami teks anekdot. Strategi yang dilakukan guru untuk meningkatkan efektivitas  dan keaktifan belajar peserta didik yaitu dengan cara  memanfaatkan model pembelajaran discovery learning.
UPAYA MENINGKATAN PRESTASI BELAJAR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN KONSTRUKTIVISME PADA MATA PELAJARAN PPKN
Authors: Kandar Kandar
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan (action research) sebanyak dua  siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu: rancangan, kegiatan dan pengamatan, refleksi, dan refisi. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SDN Kadungrembuk  Sukodadi. Data yang diperoleh berupa interview, hasil tes formatif, lembar observasi kegiatan belajar mengajar. Dari hasil analis didapatkan bahwa prestasi belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I sampai siklus II yaitu, siklus I (41%), siklus II (100%). Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa pendekatan  konstruktivisme   dapat berpengaruh positif terhadap prestasi belajar Siswa kelas IV SDN Kadungrembuk  Sukodadi, serta pendekatan pembelajaran  ini dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternativ pembelajaran PPKn.