bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Triangulating evidence from the GALENOS living systematic review on trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonists in psychosis
Authors: Smith Katharine A. , Boyce Niall , Chevance Astrid , Chiocchia Virginia , Correll Christoph U. , Donoghue Kim , Ghodke Nikita , Kambeu Tatenda , Malhi Gin S. , Macleod Malcolm , Milligan Lea , Morgan Jamie , Potts Jennifer , Robinson Emma S. J. , Siafis Spyridon , Sommer Iris E. C. , Voelkl Bernhard , Salanti Georgia , Cipriani Andrea , Higgins Julian P. T.
Published: December 2024

Background

Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonists offer a new approach, but there is uncertainty regarding their effects, exact mechanism of action and potential role in treating psychosis.

Aims

To evaluate the available evidence on TAAR1 agonists in psychosis, using triangulation of the output of living systematic reviews (LSRs) of animal and human studies, and provide recommendations for future research prioritisation.

Method

This study is part of GALENOS (Global Alliance for Living Evidence on aNxiety, depressiOn and pSychosis). In the triangulation process, a multidisciplinary group of experts, including those with lived experience, met and appraised the first co-produced living systematic reviews from GALENOS, on TAAR1 agonists.

Results

The animal data suggested a potential antipsychotic effect, as TAAR1 agonists reduced locomotor activity induced by pro-psychotic drug treatment. Human studies showed few differences for ulotaront and ralmitaront compared with placebo in improving overall symptoms in adults with acute schizophrenia (four studies, n = 1291 participants, standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.15, 95% CI −0.05 to 0.34). Large placebo responses were seen in ulotaront phase three trials. Ralmitaront was less efficacious than risperidone (one study, n = 156 participants, SMD = −0.53, 95% CI −0.86 to −0.20). The side-effect profile of TAAR1 agonists was favourable compared with existing antipsychotics. Priorities for future studies included (a) using different animal models of psychosis with greater translational validity; (b) animal and human studies with wider outcomes including cognitive and affective symptoms and (c) mechanistic studies and investigations of other potential applications, such as adjunctive treatments and long-term outcomes. Recommendations for future iterations of the LSRs included (a) meta-analysis of individual human participant data, (b) including studies that used different methodologies and (c) assessing other disorders and symptoms.

Conclusions

This co-produced, international triangulation examined the available evidence and developed recommendations for future research and clinical applications for TAAR1 agonists in psychosis. Broader challenges included difficulties in assessing the risk of bias, reproducibility, translation and interpretability of animal models to clinical outcomes, and a lack of individual and clinical characteristics in the human data. The research will inform a separate, independent prioritisation process, led by lived experience experts, to prioritise directions for future research.
Influence of parity on weight gain during pregnancy in women with Gestational Diabetes: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lin Lin , Chen Ruiyun , Lin Haifeng , Yao Ting , Chen Zihua , Zheng Lianghui
Published: December 2024

Objective: This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the effects of parity on gestational weight gain (GWG) and its association with maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Methods: This retrospective cohort study data from 2,909 pregnant women with GDM who delivered between 2021 and 2023 at Fujian Maternity and Child Health hospital, were analyzed. Participants were categorized into nulliparous (no previous births), primiparous (one previous birth), and multiparous (two or more previous births) groups. Women aged 18–45 years with singleton pregnancies were included, while those with multiple pregnancies, pre-existing diabetes, hypertension, thyroid disorders, or incomplete BMI data were excluded. Data extracted from hospital records included demographic information, BMI, GWG at various gestational stages, and pregnancy outcomes. Statistical analysis involved logistic regression models, adjusting for confounders such as maternal age, BMI, and gestational age at delivery. P-values < 0.05 were considered significant.
Results: Primiparous and multiparous women exhibited significantly higher GWG than nulliparous women (p < 0.01). Primiparous women had reduced risks of pregnancy-induced hypertension (adjusted OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.45–0.92) and premature rupture of membranes (adjusted OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.48–0.70). Both primiparous and multiparous women had lower risks of delivering large-for-gestational-age newborns or those with neonatal jaundice.
Conclusion: Parity significantly influences GWG and maternal/neonatal outcomes in GDM pregnancies, highlighting the need for parity-specific guidelines.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.1.11412
How to cite this: Lin L, Chen R, Lin H, Yao T, Chen Z, Zheng L. Influence of parity on weight gain during pregnancy in women with Gestational Diabetes: A retrospective cohort study. Pak J Med Sci. 2025;41(1):29-36. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.1.11412
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effect of Informative Cesarean Delivery Operative Steps Video on Maternal Anxiety Level: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Phetprapasri Panicha , Chanthasenanont Athita , Prasongvei Pichita , Nuallaong Winitra , Chaitrakulthong Suphachai , Pongrojpaw Densak
Published: December 2024

Background Cesarean section is the most common obstetric procedure performed. This can lead to maternal anxiety, which is a significant contributor to postpartum depression. This can adversely affect pregnant women both mentally and emotionally, negatively impacting their well-being and family bonding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of an informative cesarean section operative steps video on the maternal anxiety score compared with standard pre-cesarean section care. Methods This randomized controlled trial was conducted at Thammasat University Hospital, Thailand, between April and September 2023. Pregnant women who underwent their first cesarean section were allocated to two groups: intervention and control groups. Participants in the intervention group were required to watch a 5-minute informative video that elaborately described the process from pre-operative steps until post-operative care on the day scheduled for cesarean delivery. All participants received the same routine pre-operative and post-operative care. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to measure both populations on two occasions: the day of scheduled cesarean delivery and postpartum day 1. Results A total of 178 women were recruited. The demographic and obstetric characteristics were similar between the two groups. The pre-operative STAI scores of the intervention and control groups were 42.9 and 44.1 points, respectively, with no significant difference. However, the post-operative anxiety score showed a significant decline in the intervention group compared to that in the control group (p = 0.002). Moreover, most of the participants in the intervention group showed a low level of anxiety after the operation, while half of the control group remained at a moderate to high level score. Conclusions The provision of an informative educational video before cesarean delivery is a powerful tool that significantly reduces cesarean operative anxiety and improves health outcomes. Thai Clinical Trials Registry on the 28 March 2023 (TCTR20230328001).
Legal aspects and government policy in increasing the role of MSMEs in the Halal ecosystem
Authors: Hidayat Yusup , Machmud Aris , Zulhuda Sonny , Suartini Suartini
Published: December 2024

Background Indonesia currently could not make it to the top ten global halal due to some external and internal factors, although it is the largest Muslim country. In the external sector, the competition map is getting tougher, while internally, there are handicaps in the form of weak public awareness of competition. As a country with the largest Muslim population in the world, Indonesia can become one of the largest markets in the world. As indicated in the Global Islamic Economic Report (GIER), Indonesia is one of the top ten countries that control the Islamic economic market, yet it fails to dominate its Islamic market. Accordingly, the government needs to play a stronger role through regulatory policies to encourage the development of the Islamic economic ecosystem in Indonesia (halal value chain). The purpose of this study is to find out and analyse the existence of Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia in the world’s market for Halal products and Services. Methods The researchers have conducted a form of normative juridical research with the analytical descriptive method, namely by collecting, describing, analysing, and presenting what is (das sein) and what ought to be (das sollen). Results Support from the government and stakeholders has not been optimal in improving welfare - capital access, management, and halal certification, so the existence of the global halal ecosystem has not yet impacted MSMEs’ ability to compete competitively. Conclusions The conclusion of this study shows that the quadruple helix innovation system is capable of guaranteeing the development of MSMEs in a manner to achieves a high level of competitiveness - efficiency, and effectiveness of the products and services produced.
Assessment to determine the accuracy of Chaillet and Demirjian method of dental age estimation using Orthopantomographs, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohammed Faraz , Fairozekhan Arishiya Thapasum , Siddiqui Intisar Ahmad , AlMoumen Saud , Ali AlShehri Turki , AlRssasi Maria Hassan , AlJami Abdullah Amer , AlRamadan Doha Mohsen , Shetty Ashwin C , Alfarea Majed Mohammed , Suhaym Omar , S AlShahrani Nasser
Published: December 2024

Background The approach to estimating mandibular age has been widely used, although it has shown age estimation disparities in diverse populations, including Indians. Objective Our goal was to test the Demirjian 8-teeth approach utilizing orthopantomogram to estimate age reliably after incorporating the third molar. We also used Chaillet and Demirjian’s regression equations to estimate age estimation accuracy in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Methods The retrospective study included 196 people. Individuals were 8–24 years old. The left mandibular teeth were staged using an orthopantomographs utilizing the Demirjian 8-teeth approach. The Chaillet and Demirjian’s regression models determined dental age, and statistical methods compared dental age to chronological age. Results The gender breakdown was 49.5% male and 50.5% female. Gender did not significantly affect chronological mean age or estimated mean age (13.39±3.77 vs. 13.10±3.51, p = 0.583; 11.75±2.92 vs. 11.58±2.70, p = 0.674). Statistically substantial differences in chronological and estimated mean ages between male and female individuals (p<0.001). Out of the total participants, 31.6% had a difference in age of ±1 year, 30.6% had a difference of 1-2 years, and 37.8% had a difference of more than 2 years. Compared to chronological and estimated ages, these variations in age between males and females were not statistically significant (p=0.557). Conclusions The findings of this study support the use of Demirjian’s 8-teeth approach in the Saudi population residing in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, employing Chaillet and Demirjian’s regression equations.
Does Shopping Orientation and Gender Different Affect Online Shopping Lifestyle?
Authors:   Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau, Nofirda Fitri Ayu , Dwita Vidyarini
Published: December 2024

Abstract. This study aims to determine the Influence of Shopping Orientation and Gender Different on Online Shopping Lifestyle in Pekanbaru City. This research was conducted in Pekanbaru City with 104 respondents. This study used quantitative methods by drawing research samples using the purposive sampling method. Data testing using validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression tests, there are two hypothesis tests and determination tests with the help of SPSS 23 software. The results of this study show that Market Orientation and Gender Different partially affects Online Shopping Lifestyle, Gender Different partially affects Online Shopping Lifestyle, and Shopping Orientation and Gender Different partially affects Online Shopping Lifestyle The findings suggest that market orientation can enhance their position for success by improving their online shopping lifestyle. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the importance of market orientation in enhancing production performance for manufacturing SMEs, and its implications can be useful for practitioners, policymakers, and scholars interested in ecommerce platform competitiveness.

Keywords: Market orientation, shopping orientation, gender different, online shopping lifestyle, e-commerce
The style of official documents
Authors: Zayceva Tat'yana , Kovina Tamara
Published: December 2024

The textbook contains theoretical reference material and various exercises for practical classes on the style of official documents, one of the sections of the academic disciplines "Fundamentals of Business Communication", "Document Linguistics", "Russian language and Business Communication", as well as other disciplines related to the theory and practice of modern official communication.
It includes questions for discussion, tasks for independent work, lists of recommended literature and regulatory legal acts, and an appendix.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the new generation.
It is intended for students of higher educational institutions studying in the field of preparation 46.03.02 "Documentation and archival science". It will be useful for students of advanced training courses, as well as for anyone who is interested in the culture of business speech.
Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) deposited in the Gregório Bondar Entomological Collection of the Cocoa Research Center, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Vila-Verde Gabriel , Reis Clemensou , Paluch Márlon , Delabie Jacques Hubert Charles
Published: December 2024

The Gregório Bondar Entomological Collection (CEGB) of the Cocoa Research Center (CEPEC) has its origins in the 1930s with Dr. Gregório Bondar's insect collection that he constituted in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Bondar, a Russian-Brazilian entomologist, significantly contributed to Brazilian entomology and agriculture, and his extensive collection was in great part donated to the American Museum of Natural History. A smaller portion remained in Brazil and was eventually transferred to CEPEC in the 1960s. The collection, originally known as "Entomoteca Gregório Bondar", has grown to over 30,000 specimens by the 1980s. It holds valuable historical data that supports biodiversity monitoring and ecological research. The CEGB's Lepidoptera section features specimens collected from 1936 to 2024, mostly from the Atlantic Forest biome. This article aims to contribute to the knowledge of the distribution of butterflies in the Atlantic Forest, primarily from southern Bahia, by providing data on the specimens deposited in the CEGB at CEPEC in Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil. A total of 531 specimens in 249 species of butterflies distributed within six families were recorded: 282 Nymphalidae (109 spp.), 107 Hesperiidae (63 spp.), 60 Riodinidae (31 spp.), 46 Lycaenidae (30 spp.), 33 Pieridae (14 spp.), and three Papilionidae (2 spp.). Specimens were collected from 11 localities in the Atlantic Forest biome. The CEGB provides data on butterfly distribution, including new records for the state of Bahia and the Atlantic Forest, highlighting its significance for research and conservation efforts.
Comparing Expressiveness of Logics Defined within Different Classes of Models
Authors: Fernandes Diego
Published: December 2024

It is possible to understand the expressive power of a logic as issuing from its capacity to express properties of its models. There are some ways to formally capture whether a property of models is expressible, among them is one based on the notion of definability, and one based on the notion of discrimination. If the logics to be compared are defined within the same class of models, one can employ the notions of definability and discrimination directly to obtain formal conditions for relative expressiveness. This paper studies generalizations of these formal conditions to cases where the compared logics are defined within different classes of models. There have been proposed in the literature formal conditions of two main kinds: with forward and with backward model-mappings. It is shown that none of them is adequate, despite their initial reasonableness. Moreover, we argue that general and reasonable formal conditions for relative expressiveness involving forward mappings are not likely to be found, given that they turn out to be highly dependent on specific features of the compared logics. On the other hand, it will be argued that there is a reasonable formal condition involving backward model-mappings.
EL QUIJOTE, LAS VIRTUDES Y ALGUNAS APLICACIONES CONTEMPORÁNEAS
Authors: ARAYA CERDA CARLOS , VILARROIG MARTÍN JAIME
Published: December 2024

El artículo entrega una refexión en torno al tema de las virtudes presente en el texto
del Quijote. En concreto, se muestra cómo Cervantes no se aparta de la tradición flosófca recibida
en torno a virtudes cardinales como la valentía, la prudencia, la templanza y la justicia. Luego,
se revisan algunas de las aplicaciones que los críticos han hecho de dicha refexión en torno a las
virtudes, desde una doble dimensión: teórica y práctica. Se pone de relieve cómo cada acercamiento
crítico requiere de una ubicación precisa, considerando sus contextos de aplicación didáctica. Una
estrategia adecuada es la que prioriza el examen de fragmentos dados, su comentario y proyecciones.
De este modo podemos encontrar lecturas actualizadoras de lo que Cervantes nos presenta, siempre
atendiendo a la indisociabilidad entre los polos ético y estético.
Represión de género y violencia sexuada en la España franquista: los testimonios de Mercedes Núñez Targa.
Authors: Leggott Sarah
Published: December 2024

: La práctica sistemática de violencia de género contra las mujeres republicanas durante y
después de la guerra civil española sigue siendo un tema marginal en los estudios sobre el periodo.
Aunque el historiador Paul Preston describe la violencia contra las mujeres, que incluye la tortura
sexual y la violación, como parte central de la represión nacionalista, este aspecto de la historia
franquista ha sido relegado a una posición periférica en la historiografía. Esta marginalización
se debe en parte al estigma asociado con experiencias de violación y abuso sexual, pero también
al silenciamiento más generalizado de las experiencias de la mujer a manos de la historiografía
contemporánea. El presente artículo propone abordar este tema partiendo de los testimonios de
mujeres republicanas y de recientes trabajos históricos. En particular, el estudio parte de una
revisión de los testimonios de la activista política catalano-gallega Mercedes Núñez Targa, Cárcel
de Ventas (1967) y Destinada al crematorio (1980). El análisis se centra en sus descripciones en
Cárcel de Ventas de las condiciones horrendas que sufrieron las presas políticas republicanas en
Ventas y en sus referencias a la violencia sexual que sufrieron.
Carmen Conde, pensionista de la Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios en Bélgica y Francia (1936).
Authors: Díez de Revenga Francisco Javier
Published: December 2024

Este artículo aborda unos de los capítulos biográfcos de la escritora Carmen Conde más
desconocidos: la concesión de una beca de la Junta para Ampliación de Estudios y su acceso a los
«Cursos de Selección para ingreso en el Magisterio Nacional Primario», en 1936. Sin embargo, la
Guerra de España no le permitió disfrutar de la beca y su reconocimiento como maestra tan solo
llegó con la democracia. Para ello, se ha realizado una investigación en el archivo de la JAE y en
el Patronato Carmen Conde-Antonio Oliver de Cartagena, que aporta nueva documentación inédita
a estos hechos.
Por una didáctica inclusiva. La poesía de Tina Suárez: desmontando los tópicos sexistas del discurso literario.
Authors: Hernández Quintana Blanca
Published: December 2024

Este trabajo analiza la obra de Tina Suárez como paradigma de discurso dialógico con
la tradición literaria desde la perspectiva de género. En su poesía desmonta los tópicos sexistas para
actualizarlos y subvertir el discurso poético tradicional. Partiendo de la noción de intertextualidad
como una de sus principales herramientas, en la primera parte se estudian los diferentes mecanismos
desde los que reelabora el tejido cultural y estructural heredado hasta transformarlo en un texto
nuevo con una signifcación diferente. Partiendo de esta revisión, en la segunda parte se analiza este
nuevo discurso y su aplicación didáctica inclusiva con el objetivo de proponer nuevas versiones
desde las que interpretar las lecturas literarias y los personajes que las conforman con un enfoque
de género.
Tensiones suicidas en la obra de Elena Quiroga. Un acercamiento a «Presente profundo» (1973).
Authors: Martín Villarreal Juan Pedro
Published: December 2024

Este artículo pretende refexionar sobre el papel que la temática del suicidio cobra en
la obra novelística de la escritora santanderina Elena Quiroga Abarca (1921-1995), quien, a pesar
de haber sido uno de los referentes en la escritura española de mediados del siglo XX, y más
concretamente de la literatura escrita por mujeres en español, apenas es reivindicada hoy desde
la crítica literaria. El suicidio se ha convertido en un tema literario que, desde la perspectiva de la
escritura femenina, ofrece un espacio para la reivindicación de las verdades oscurecidas en torno
a su comprensión médica, que lo vinculan inevitablemente con una locura a la que culturalmente
se ha pretendido ligar a la mujer como sujeto subalterno. En este sentido, este trabajo pretende
ofrecer nuevas posibilidades de lectura de Presente profundo (1973) como un discurso feminista
y fragmentario que niega las verdades monolíticas del suicidio y atisba toda una serie de razones
sociales, psicológicas y afectivas que motivan las muertes de Daría y Blanca.
From fibrosis to granuloma: drug induced systemic sarcoidosis-like reaction after rituximab in a patient with primary Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Coelho Rui Rua , Xavier Pires Sara , Brandão José Ricardo , Furtado Inês
Published: December 2024

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic syndrome characterized by non-caseous granulomatous inflammation, although necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis is considered part of the spectrum of the disease. Drug induced sarcoidosis-like reaction (DISR) is a systemic granulomatous reaction, which is histopathologically identical to primary sarcoidosis - mostly described after the use of biologics like tumour necrosis factor alpha antagonists but also anti-CD20 (rituximab). The authors present the very rare case of a woman with a primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) started on rituximab for disease control, which evolved with a 3-year indolent progressive systemic sarcoid reaction. There has been much speculation about the potential role of B cells in sarcoidosis. Findings show a decrease of B memory cells and an increase in naïve and active subsets of regulatory B cells in sarcoidosis patients, which resembles the repopulation with naïve B cells after treatment with rituximab. Moreover, granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease associated with common variable immunodeficiency and immune reconstitution syndrome in patients wirh human immunodeficiency virus show clinical similarities to DISR and can help unveil new cytogenic and physiologic pathways. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first report of a systemic sarcoidosis-like reaction with necrotizing granulomas following an anti-CD20 therapy and also the first described in a pSS patient - underlining the importance of recognizing necrotizing sarcoid granulomatous processes in the diferential diagnosis of patients with caseous inflammation. Although this is a very rare adverse effect, the case enhances the importance of actively searching for DISR after biologics, even in patients undergoing rescue on-label therapies, such as rituximab.
The ethnoconcept of horses in the worldview picture of Ukrainians (on the example of the phraseology of the Middle Polissia)
Authors: Dobroliozha Halyna
Published: December 2024

An urgent task in the field of modern phraseology is the linguistic and cultural analysis of concepts symbolic of the Ukrainian people. The ethno-concept of horses, which is among the basic ones in the Ukrainian ethno-cultural space, was chosen for consideration. The importance of the image of a horse in Ukrainian culture is demonstrated through the prism of folk diversity, but the symbolism is best revealed in phraseological units, because it is in the semantics and structure of fixed sayings that information about traditional methods of farming, customs and beliefs, family relationships and other spheres of life of the Ukrainian people is contained. Phraseologisms are an extremely ancient and powerful layer of language, which is studied according to various aspects (semantic, structural, ideographic, cognitive, stylistic, associative-figurative). However, today the conceptual approach to the development of phraseology is becoming more and more relevant, because the concept serves to explain the units of worldview or mental resources of our consciousness and the information structure that reflects the knowledge and experience of a person; it is an operative unit of memory, worldview lexicon, conceptual system and language of the brain, the whole picture of the world, which is reflected in the human psyche. Therefore, the ethno-concept of the horse, which is an iconic symbol of Ukrainian spiritual culture, became the object of scientific research. Our ancestors observed, cared for, used the capabilities of this animal, and as a result – creatively reinterpreted the image in legends and fairy tales, pysankari and pottery, beliefs and signs, proverbs and sayings. The article examines the image of a horse in the content and structure of songs, superstitions, omens, phraseological units, and comparatives. It is worth noting that in the imagination and worldview of Ukrainians, a horse is a powerful, beautiful animal that has dualistic symbolism regarding its origin, perception by recipients, and if in mythology and fairy tales it is a positive image, then in phraseology it is mostly negative. A comprehensive analysis of the ethno-concept of horses proves the importance of revealing the content of this image in Ukrainian material and spiritual culture.
NHS is broken not beaten: transitioning the NHS and its services
Authors: Thomas Sue
Published: December 2024

This article offers an overview of Lord Darzi's 2024 independent investigation into the NHS in England and how it applies to neurology. It provides nurses with an understanding of the report's key findings, including the significant challenges facing the NHS, and outlines the steps Lord Darzi recommended for overcoming these obstacles. Emphasis is placed on transitioning the NHS from a 20th century model to a more modern, patientcentric and innovative healthcare system for the 21st century. From the perspective of neuroscience nurses, this article offers insights into how the suggested reforms might impact their roles.
RESEARCH ROUNDUP
Authors: Mestecky Ann-Marie
Published: December 2024

Ann-Marie Mestecky provides a synopsis and brief review of a selection of recently published research articles that are of interest to neuroscience nurses, highlighting key points to keep you up to date; a full reference is provided for those who wish to read the research in more detail
Supporting parents along the school readiness journey
Authors: Hardwell Sarah
Published: December 2024

In the first article in a series of reflections from the sector about what practitioners would like to see prioritised in the future, Sarah Hardwell, nursery director for Little Peanuts Day Nursery and Forest School in York, shares more about their work with parents around school readiness.
The panopticon effect: the use of surveillance and monitoring by foster carers and social work practitioners to minimise unmediated contact
Authors: Simpson Jennifer Eyvonne
Published: December 2024

The use of digital devices and the Internet by care-experienced children and young people has been associated with problems that have included placement disruption and the risk of re-experiencing parental abuse. This article provides details of an exploratory study that was concerned with how young people in care made use of digital devices and the Internet to stay in touch with family members. Using a triadic method of semi-structured interviews to hear from 12 young people, their foster carers and social workers, the findings point to the use of a variety of monitoring and surveillance methods that embrace the ‘techniques’ of examination, interrogation and visibility by adults, as well as ‘resistance’ by the young people. The article closes by drawing the conclusion that foster carers and social workers are, in effect, sleepwalking into surveillance, where the aim is social control.
Laser-induced hole coherence in 2D antiferromagnet MPS3 through spatial self-phase modulation
Authors: Li Jun , Niu Wenshuo , Xu Xiaodan , Wang Meng , Xu Zhuowang , Cao Jiawei , Liu Ying , Li Jianmei , Zhao Jimin , Wu Yanling
Published: December 2024

Transition metal phosphorus sulfides (MPS3), a family of two-dimensional magnetic materials with a van der Waals structure, exhibit promising applications in nonlinear optical devices. The emergence of carrier coherence in MPS3 is a fascinating topic in coherently controlling the nonlinear effect (or other novel phenomena). Herein, we systematically investigated the third-order nonlinear optical responses of MPS3 (M = Ni, Fe, Mn) flake suspensions based on spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) effect. The effective monolayer third-order nonlinear susceptibilities (χmonolayer(3)) of NiPS3 and MnPS3 are obtained for the first time at multiple wavelengths. Our results show that NiPS3 has a higher χmonolayer(3) value (3.59 × 10−9 e.s.u. or 5.01 × 10−17 m2V-2 at 405 nm excitation) than those of FePS3 and MnPS3. Furthermore, we laser-induced non-local hole coherence in MPS3 based on SSPM, where the origin of excited-state holes is analyzed from electronic structures. The relationships between hole mobility μhole, effective mass m
h
∗, and χmonolayer(3) for the three materials fulfill the previous investigation results. Because laser-induced hole coherence has rarely been reported, our investigation enriches the coherent regulation of two-dimensional magnetic MPS3 materials, enabling potential applications in all-optical devices.
Orthonormalization of phase-only basis functions
Authors: Cox Daniël W. S. , Vellekoop Ivo M.
Published: December 2024

Generation of orthonormal optical fields using phase-only spatial light modulators (SLM) or amplitude-only digital micromirror devices (DMD) is an active and diverse research field, with a wide variety of applications. However, these approaches typically come with limited accuracy, and a significant loss in resolution and intensity. We present a different approach: we construct orthonormal fields that can be generated exactly on phase-only hardware without loss of resolution or intensity. Our method can use any set of fields as a starting point and orthonormalize them. Our approach allows control over application-specific requirements such as smoothness, symmetry and overall shape. In many use cases, sets of orthonormal fields can be used as a ‘drop-in replacement’ for other sets of fields. We demonstrate the practical benefit of our approach in a wavefront shaping experiment, achieving a factor 1.5 increase in performance over a non-orthonormal phase-only basis.
Remote characterization of nonlinear distortions in ultrashort pulses transmitted through dynamic fiber optic links
Authors: Lakshmi C. G. , Supradeepa V. R.
Published: December 2024

Ultrashort pulse sources are complex and resource-intensive. To reduce overhead and simplify operations, we had previously developed a method to deliver ultra-short pulses through fiber-optic links to multiple locations and to characterize them remotely using a compact detector module. We created a pulse pair with varying delays at the central location using a pulse shaper before launching them into the fiber links and measured the first and second-order autocorrelations at the satellite location. However, this method proved inadequate for detecting the effects of optical nonlinearities as the spectral broadening seen by a pulse pair with varying degrees of overlap differs from that of a pair of pulses undergoing nonlinear broadening separately. To overcome this drawback, we propose to launch a variable-delay pulse pair with no temporal overlap to avoid combined nonlinear distortions in the fiber link and measure the autocorrelations at the output by adding a fixed-delay interferometer to our detector module. The in-house fabricated fixed-delay element consisted of a quartz plate with its surfaces coated by partially reflecting Bragg mirrors. Using this modified setup, we have been able to detect the nonlinear distortions encountered by sub∼400fs pulses in the delivery links.
Text-driven light-field content editing for three-dimensional light-field display based on Gaussian splatting
Authors: Ji Luyu , Sang Xinzhu , Xing Shujun , Yu Xunbo , Yan Binbin , Yang Jiahui
Published: December 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) light-field displays can provide natural stereoscopic visual perception and an intuitive viewing experience. However, the high production threshold and the lack of user-friendly editing tools for light-field images make it difficult to efficiently and conveniently generate 3D light-field content that meets various needs. Here, a text-driven light-field content editing method for 3D light-field display based on Gaussian splatting is presented. The selected key views propagate the editing effects to other views through perception fusion, avoiding time-consuming editing iterations. A designed refinement module employs attention-based latent feature alignment to enhance consistency across multi-views, while multi-channel independent update and average normalization bring more stable and reliable editing results. With the efficient light-field coding method based on splatting, 3D light-field images can be directly generated from the edited Gaussian scene space that is optimized via a generation control training strategy. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can rapidly generate high-quality 3D light-field content that aligns with the given text editing instructions while providing two optional user interaction extensions to make the editing results more controllable and flexible.
In situ investigation of a correlation between fluorescent defects and UV pulse laser-induced damage on fused silica optics surfaces
Authors: Huang Jin , Yao Lin , Gu Han , Li Changpeng , Liu Taixiang , Jiang Xiaodong , Zhu Qihua , Hu Dongxia , Wang Chengcheng
Published: December 2024

An in situ methodology was developed to ascertain the relationship between steady-state fluorescent defects and laser-induced damage on the surface of fused silica optics. This study examined the effects of various types of fluorescent defects, their brightness, and surface treatments on laser-induced damage. The results indicate that the probability of damage is contingent upon the type, brightness of fluorescent defects, and the laser radiation flux. Specifically, at a radiation flux exceeding 20 J/cm2, all fluorescent defects were found to induce damage. However, at a radiation flux of 12 J/cm2, the damage probability of fluorescent defects in precision polished optics was just approximately 25%. Following dynamic chemical etching (DCE) treatment, the damage probability was further reduced to 6%, and the proportion of fluorescent defects among all damage points decreased from 6% prior to DCE treatment to 2%. These results suggest that the majority of damage precursors on the precision polished surface of fused silica optics lack photoluminescent characteristics. Furthermore, the surface defect modification resulting from DCE treatment appears to enhance the non-photoluminescent characteristics of the damage precursors.
Broadly tunable and robust UV laser generation on a chip
Authors: Gardner Asger , Gravesen Kevin , Tønning Peter , Stanton Eric , Ulsig Emil , Volet Nicolas , Loft Jacob
Published: December 2024

We present a detailed characterization of a hybrid photonic platform for robust and broadly tunable ultraviolet (UV) laser generation using Čerenkov nonlinear frequency conversion (CNFC). By integrating silicon nitride waveguides with barium borate (BBO) cladding, the platform achieves UV emission across an unprecedented wavelength range of 222–319 nm. Compared to state-of-the-art UV photonic devices, our approach addresses longstanding challenges in spectral range, tunability, and integration. Theoretical modeling and experimental validation demonstrate remarkable fabrication tolerance, maintaining phase matching over a 1500 nm waveguide width variation. These findings offer a compact, scalable solution addressing critical needs in disinfection, quantum technologies, and free-space optical communication.
Ultrashort pulses in dynamic processes of crystal plates with ultra-high temporal and spatial resolution
Authors: Makarov Dmitry , Makarova Ksenya , Eseev Marat , Gusarevich Evgeny
Published: December 2024

Currently, the use of ultrashort pulses is one of the main methods for studying the structure and dynamics of ultrafast processes in atomic and molecular systems. In this paper, it is shown that ultrashort pulses can be used to determine the time dynamics of crystal plates with ultrahigh temporal and spatial resolution, the distance between which can be only a few angstroms. As an example, the dynamics of diamond layers with NV-centers is considered. The results obtained have prospects for developing the presented theory for more complex structural objects and dynamic processes in matter.
Enhancing the Swanepoel Method: Precise Envelope Detection of Thin-Film Transmission Spectra
Authors: Matito Manuel Ballester , Marquez Almudena , Lopez-Tapia Santiago , Fernández S , Bass John , Minkov Dorian , Wuersch Christoph , Willomitzer Florian , Marquez Emilio , Katsaggelos Aggelos
Published: December 2024

The Swanepoel method is a widely used optical technique for characterizing thin films through normal-incidence transmission measurements. A critical step in this approach involves extracting the upper and lower envelopes of the measured oscillatory spectrum. By analyzing the transmission spectrum and its corresponding envelopes, the Swanepoel procedure enables precise determination of the film refractive index and extinction coefficient. However, even minor inaccuracies in envelope construction can propagate significant errors into the final characterization results. To address this challenge, we present a novel physics-informed optimization algorithm for envelope detection. Our mathematical model reformulates the envelope detection problem as a global optimization task that enforces the physical properties of the Swanepoel envelopes. Extensive validation on fifty randomly generated transmission spectra demonstrates unprecedented accuracy: the method achieves root-mean-square errors (RMSE) below 0.10% for the upper envelope and 0.06% for the lower envelope (more than doubling the accuracy of current state-of-the-art approaches). Furthermore, the proposed model has been assessed with two experimental transmission spectra, demonstrating its robustness and accuracy with real noisy data. We have developed an open-source Python software package, which is available online. This software includes not only our innovative envelope construction algorithm but also additional envelope drawing algorithms for comparison and an efficient implementation of the Swanepoel method, enabling complete optical characterization of thin films.
Sensitivity analysis of closed-loop one-chamber and four-chamber models with baroreflex
Authors: Tlałka Karolina , Saxton Harry , Halliday Ian , Xu Xu , Narracott Andrew , Taylor Daniel , Malawski Maciej
Published: December 2024

The baroreflex is one of the most important control mechanisms in the human cardiovascular system. This work utilises a closed-loop in silico model of baroreflex regulation, coupled to pulsatile mechanical models with (i) one heart chamber and 36-parameters and (ii) four chambers and 51 parameters. We perform the first global sensitivity analysis of these closed-loop systems which considers both cardiovascular and baroreflex parameters, and compare the models with their respective unregulated equivalents. Results show the reduced influence of regulated parameters compared to unregulated equivalents and that, in the physiological resting state, model outputs (pressures, heart rate, cardiac output etc.) are most sensitive to parasympathetic arc parameters. This work provides insight into the effects of regulation and model input parameter influence on clinical metrics, and constitutes a first step to understanding the role of regulation in models for personalised healthcare.
Integration of partially observed multimodal and multiscale neural signals for estimating a neural circuit using dynamic causal modeling
Authors: Kang Jiyoung , Park Hae-Jeong
Published: December 2024

Integrating multiscale, multimodal neuroimaging data is essential for a comprehensive understanding of neural circuits. However, this is challenging due to the inherent trade-offs between spatial coverage and resolution in each modality, necessitating a computational strategy that combines modality-specific information effectively. This study introduces a dynamic causal modeling (DCM) framework designed to address the challenge of combining partially observed, multiscale signals across a larger-scale neural circuit by employing a shared neural state model with modality-specific observation models. The proposed method achieves robust circuit inference by iteratively integrating parameter estimates from local microscale and global meso- or macroscale circuits, derived from signals across various scales and modalities. Parameters estimated from high-resolution data within specific regions inform global circuit estimation by constraining neural properties in unobserved regions, while large-scale circuit data help elucidate detailed local circuitry. Using a virtual ground truth system, we validated the method across diverse experimental settings, combining calcium imaging (CaI), voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDI), and blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals—each with distinct coverage and resolution. Our reciprocal and iterative parameter estimation approach markedly improves the accuracy of neural property and connectivity estimates compared to traditional one-step estimation methods. This iterative integration of local and global parameters presents a reliable approach to inferring extensive, complex neural circuits from partially observed, multimodal, and multiscale data, showcasing how information from different scales reciprocally enhances entire circuit parameter estimation.
Runx3, Brn3a and Isl1 interplay orchestrates the transcriptional program in the early stages of proprioceptive neuron development
Authors: Orlovsky Kira , Appel Elena , Hantisteanu Shay , Olender Tsviya , Lotem Joseph , Levanon Ditsa , Groner Yoram
Published: December 2024

Background

The development and diversification of sensory proprioceptive neurons, which reside in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and express the tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TrkC), depend on the transcription factor (TF) Runx3. Runx3-deficient mice develop severe limb ataxia due to TrkC neuron cell death. Two additional TFs Pou4f1 (also called Brn3a) and Isl1 also play an important role in sensory neuron development. Thus, we aimed to unravel the chromatin state of early-developing TrkC neurons and decipher the Runx3 high-confidence target genes (HCT) and the possible cooperation between Runx3, Brn3a and Isl1 in the regulation of these genes.

Methods

Runx3 expression is driven by the gene proximal P2 promoter. Transcriptome analysis was conducted by RNA-seq on RNA isolated from heterozygous (P2+/-) vs. homozygous (P2-/-) TrkC neurons and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined. Genome-wide occupancy of Runx3, Brn3a, Isl1 and histone H3 acetylated on lysine 27 (H3K27Ac) was determined using CUT&RUN. The landscape of Transposase-accessible chromatin was analyzed via ATAC-seq.

Findings

The intersection of Runx3 genomic occupancy-associated genes and DEG data discovered 244 Runx3 HCT. Brn3a and Isl1 were found to bind to numerous genomic loci, some of which overlapped with Runx3. Most genomic regions bound by each of these three TFs or co-bound by them resided in distantly located enhancer regions rather than in gene promoters. In activated and suppressed neuronal Runx3 HCT, Runx3 cooperated mainly with Brn3a to regulate expression through distantly located enhancers. Interestingly, suppression of non-neuronal immune genes was mainly managed via Runx3 without Brn3a. The distribution of ATAC and H3K27Ac marked regions in Runx3 peaks containing at least one RUNX binding site (Runx3_RBS) revealed that while most promoter regions were marked by ATAC, a prominent fraction of intron/intergenic regions occupied by Runx3, Brn3a or Isl1 were unmarked by ATAC and/or H3K27Ac.

Conclusions

These analyses shed new light on the interplay of Runx3, Brn3a, Isl1, and open chromatin regions in regulating the Runx3 HCT in the early developmental stages of TrkC neurons.