bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bedarfe der Langzeitpflege in der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Stolle Claudia , Schmidt Annika , Domhoff Dominik , Friedrich Anna Carina , Heinze Franziska , Preuß Benedikt , Seibert Kathrin , Rothgang Heinz , Wolf-Ostermann Karin
Published: October 2020

Das Virus SARS-CoV‑2 und die damit einhergehende Erkrankung COVID-19 stellen die Gesundheitssysteme weltweit vor große Herausforderungen. Besonders die vulnerable Gruppe pflegebedürftiger Menschen in der Langzeitpflege ist gefährdet, schwere Krankheitsverläufe zu erleiden oder an der Infektion zu versterben.

In einer bundesweiten Querschnittsstudie wurden mittels einer Onlinebefragung die Situation und die Bedarfe stationärer und ambulanter Langzeitpflegeeinrichtungen während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie erfasst und analysiert.

Konkret forderten Teilnehmende aus 531 Einrichtungen einheitliche Handlungsempfehlungen zu SARS-CoV‑2, ausreichende und finanzierbare Schutz- und Hygienematerialien, Reihentestungen in den Einrichtungen, fundierte Beratung bei der Umsetzung von Maßnahmen, einen konkreten Pandemieplan und unterstützende Öffentlichkeitsarbeit in den Medien. Dazu wurden eine höhere Vergütung der Pflegenden, eine bessere Personalausstattung und stärkere Wertschätzung der pflegerischen Profession gefordert.

Um die vulnerable Gruppe pflegebedürftiger Menschen vor einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion zu schützen, muss die Langzeitpflege stärker in den Fokus der gesundheitspolitischen Maßnahmen während der Pandemie gerückt werden.
Grenzenlose Solidarität? Institutionelle Voraussetzungen und Strukturbedingungen fairer Kooperation
Authors: Althammer Jörg , Sommer Maximilian
Published: October 2020

Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert die ambivalente Beziehung zwischen Marktwirtschaft und Solidarität. Im Unterschied zu den in der Literatur dominierenden Extrempositionen, welche den Markt entweder moralisch überhöhen und ihn mit Solidarität gleichsetzen oder ihm grundsätzlich jegliche Solidarität absprechen, wird in diesem Beitrag vor allem auf das solidarische Potenzial des Marktes eingegangen. Dazu erfolgt in einem ersten Schritt eine konzeptionelle Verortung des Begriffs der Solidarität als kooperative Interaktion zum gegenseitigen Vorteil. Dabei wird als theoretischer Bezugsrahmen die kooperative Spieltheorie verwendet. Anschließend werden die sozialstrukturellen Voraussetzungen erörtert, welche erfüllt sein müssen, damit sich marktwirtschaftliche Transaktionen als solidarisch charakterisieren lassen. In einem letzten Schritt wird untersucht, welchen Beitrag dieser sozialstrukturelle Ansatz zur Diskussion um eine kosmopolitische Solidarität leisten kann. Es wird gezeigt, dass gesellschaftliche Solidarität als die Gewährleistung des sozialstrukturellen Rahmens für eine sozial erwünschte Kooperation unter fairen Bedingungen zu verstehen ist.
Zur Einleitung: Grenzziehungen der Solidarität
Authors: Schnabel Annette , Tranow Ulf
Published: October 2020

Solidaritäten sind von beschränkter Reichweite und gehen mit Grenzziehungen einher. Diese sind historisch kontingent und gesellschaftlich umstritten. Eine Vielzahl gesellschaftlicher Konflikte lassen sich soziologisch als Solidaritätskonflikte deuten, in denen widerstreitende Ideen über Zugehörigkeit, Zusammengehörigkeit und wechselseitige Verantwortung verhandelt werden. Ausgehend von der Vorstellung, dass Solidarnormen den Kern des soziologischen Solidaritätsverständnisses ausmachen, geht der Beitrag der Frage nach, was zentrale Dimensionen der Grenzziehung sind. Es wird vorgeschlagen, zwischen sozialen und substanziellen Grenzziehungen zu unterscheiden. Soziale Grenzziehungen beziehen sich darauf, welche Personen(gruppen), Kollektive und Spezies (nicht) zu einem solidarischen „Wir“ bzw. zum Solidaritätsradius gezählt werden. Durch soziale Grenzziehungen wird somit bestimmt, wer (keine) Chancen auf Zuwendung, Aufmerksamkeit und Unterstützung hat. Substanzielle Grenzziehungen adressieren dagegen, welche materiellen oder immateriellen Solidarleistungen die Mitglieder eines Solidaritätsradius in welcher Höhe einander schulden und welchen Verbindlichkeitsgrad Solidarität hat. Durch substanzielle Grenzziehungen bestimmen sich damit Anspruchsniveau und Stärke von Solidarität. In beiden Dimensionen sind Grenzziehungen gekoppelt an legitimierende Ideologien und sozialstrukturelle Voraussetzungen. Ein soziologisches Verständnis empirisch beobachtbarer Solidaritätsverhältnisse verlangt, dass das Zusammenspiel beider Dimensionen rekonstruiert wird und die Mechanismen offengelegt werden, auf denen Grenzziehungen in beiden Dimensionen basieren.
A rare case of pseudoaneurysm at the site of untreated coarctation of the aorta in an adult patient
Authors: Mikami Takuma , Kamada Takeshi , Uchiyama Hiroki , Kuroda Yosuke , Harada Ryo , Naraoka Syuichi , Kawaharada Nobuyoshi
Published: October 2020

Here we report a rare case of pseudoaneurysm at the site of aortic coarctation. Aortic coarctation and a saccular aortic aneurysm protruding from the site of this coarctation were detected in a 50-year-old woman. Owing to the shape of the aneurysm and high risk of rupture, an open surgical repair was performed. The pathological findings of the removed aneurysm revealed a pseudoaneurysm consisting of only a thin adventitial wall. Adult uncorrected aortic coarctation has a poor prognosis. One of its causes may be the formation of such a pseudoaneurysm.
Operationalisierte, kriteriengeleitete Beurteilung der Schuldfähigkeit bei paraphilen Störungen – Stand und Ausblick
Authors: Dobbrunz S. , Briken P.
Published: October 2020

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der operationalisierten, kriteriengeleiteten Beurteilung für die Begutachtung der Schuldfähigkeit bei paraphilen Störungen. Zunächst werden frühere Überlegungen und Ansätze dargestellt und um neue empirische, vorläufige Ergebnisse, welche erste Annahmen zu Reliabilität und Validität des Vorgehens ermöglichen, erweitert. Anschließend werden kurz die Ergebnisse einer Expertendiskussion zum Thema ergänzt, um vorläufige Schlussfolgerungen und einen Ausblick darzustellen. Insgesamt wird mit der operationalisierten, kriteriengeleiteten Beurteilung für die Begutachtung der Schuldfähigkeit bei paraphilen Störungen ein Verfahren vorgeschlagen, das als vielversprechend angesehen werden kann und zu einer Erweiterung des Vorgehens, den weiteren interdisziplinären Dialog und die weitere empirische Prüfung animiert.
Ethical considerations in adult and community education research in Nigeria: issues and perspectives
Authors: Olaniran Sunday Olawale , Baruwa Ikeoluwapo B.
Published: October 2020

There is a growing international interest in ethical issues in research and the process by which it can be enhanced. Unlike in the past when research studies were conducted abruptly, almost all organisations and research institutes now have various mechanisms to ensure compliance with ethical standards and procedures. Adult and community education research in Nigeria continues to gain the attention of governments and Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) due to the need to improve the literacy rate among adult learners and out-of-school youths in the country. However, in many workshops and training involving academics and development workers, much of the discussions on ethical issues in data collection and research reportage are not given the necessary attention that it requires. This review paper explores the ethical issues in adult and community education research with a view to re-awakening the consciousness of adult education scholars and practitioners, both in Nigeria and on the continent of Africa, to rethink how research data and processes are managed, such that it conforms with best practices globally.
Gefährliche Gruppen. Zur Personifizierung sozialer Probleme
Authors: Negnal Dörte
Published: October 2020

Gelten soziale Gruppen als Bedrohung für eine allgemeine Bevölkerung, kreist die Problematisierung weniger um die aktuelle Situation oder gesellschaftliche Bedingungen, sondern soziale Probleme werden personifiziert. Im Beitrag wird die Herstellung solcher Problemgruppen als kategoriale Verdichtung diskutiert. Unterstrichen wird dabei, dass die Beteiligungen der Akteur*innen über einen reaktionären Opferstatus hinausreichen und sich kollektive Akteur*innen über die kategoriale Verdichtung formieren. Plädiert wird dafür, Problematisierungen in Konstellationen aus Allgemeinheit, problematisiertem Kollektiv und Problemgruppe zu fassen. Dafür wird eine akteurs- und prozessorientierte Perspektive bemüht, denn dem Phänomen der Personifizierung sozialer Probleme auf die Spur zu kommen, bedeutet, ihr Werden, die Prozeduren und die Beteiligten – die Problematisierten wie die Problematisierenden – mit ihren Beiträgen dahingehend zu untersuchen, wie die bestimmende Kategorisierungsarbeit jeweils geleistet wird. Diese Perspektive wird mit Bezug auf interaktionistische Studien und Ansätze aus den Science and Technology Studies theoretisch hergeleitet und mit Fällen aus eigenen Forschungen empirisch begründet.
Why deontologists should reject agent-relative value and embrace agent-relative accountability
Authors: Schuessler Rudolf
Published: October 2020

This paper claims that deontological and consequentialist ethics are best distinguished with reference to different assumptions concerning moral accountability and accounting. Deontological ethics can thereby be defended against the accusation of inordinate concern with the moral purity of agents. Moreover, deontological ethics can and should reject being based on the concept of agent-relative value. Even under the assumption that deontological ethics can be consequentialized, agent-relative value need not play a fundamental role. This is not the same as denying agent-relativity a key role in deontological ethics. Deontological moral accounting of universal value should be regarded as agent-relative, whereas consequentialist accounting assumes a shared moral account of all moral agents.
Hydration Properties of Mechanically Activated Muscovite in the Presence of Calcium Oxide
Authors: Yao Geng , Cui Tao , Su Yuewei , Anning Cosmos , Wang Junxiang , Lyu Xianjun
Published: October 2020

The harm caused by mine tailings has become increasingly problematic in recent years, so efforts are needed to dispose of or reutilize them in environmentally friendly ways. The objective of the present study was to find out if the hydration properties of muscovite contained in mine tailings are suitable for it to be used as a pozzolan in cement, after undergoing mechanical activation. Aqueous suspensions of mechanically activated muscovite were blended with 10, 20, or 30 wt.% calcium oxide and then allowed to harden. The hardened paste samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The results revealed that the mechanically activated muscovite exhibited pozzolanic reaction activity in the alkaline environment provided by calcium oxide, and the activated muscovite possessed a capacity to react with calcium hydroxide to form hydration products. The calcium oxide content affected significantly the quantities and kinds of hydration products, non-evaporable water content, and the compressive strength development of the paste samples. The hydration products of the 10% calcium oxide-activated, mechanically activated muscovite pastes were Al-containing hydrated calcium silicate (C-A-S-H) gel, stratlingite, and, upon addition of 20% and 30% calcium oxide, Ca-Al hydrotalcite-like (Ht) phases. The present study was helpful in evaluating the hydration properties of the mechanically activated muscovite and also provided a research basis for evaluating the hydration properties of mine tailings containing muscovite after mechanical activation. The results provided a theoretical basis for muscovite-containing mine tailings to be used as a cement additive, and was conducive to the large-scale utilization of mine tailings.
Women’s Internationalism and Yugoslav-Indian Connections: From the Non-Aligned Movement to the UN Decade for Women
Authors: Bonfiglioli Chiara
Published: October 2020

This article addresses women’s cross-border internationalist connections within the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), focusing on the exchanges between women’s organizations in socialist Yugoslavia and the Global South during the 1950s and 1960s, as well as during the UN Decade for Women (1975–1985). As a result of the Soviet-Yugoslav split, Yugoslavia was expelled from the Women’s International Democratic Federation (WIDF), the main organization federating antifascist, communist, and socialist women, in 1949. To overcome international isolation, Yugoslav representatives established their own bilateral connections with women’s organizations internationally, particularly in the Global South. Throughout the Cold War, the main figure behind women’s internationalism in Yugoslavia was Vida Tomšič (1913–1998), a former partisan and leading politician, trained as a lawyer, who had a fundamental role both in nonaligned and UN settings. In this article, I further analyze Vida Tomšič’s visits to India, and examine her correspondence with Indian scholar and Women’s Studies pioneer Vina Mazumdar (1927–2013). The exchanges between Vina and Vida, as they amicably addressed each other, exemplify the significance of the alliance between activists from socialist countries and activists from the Global South during the UN Decade for Women.
Between the Market and Solidarity: Commercializing Development Aid and International Higher Education in Socialist Yugoslavia
Authors: Wright Peter Quinnan
Published: October 2020

This article examines how self-managed faculties in socialist Yugoslavia adopted market mechanisms in the 1970s and 1980s to attract international students and thus contributed to a commercialization of higher education. In the 1950s, Yugoslavia became a destination for students from postcolonial states because of its nonaligned politics. While Yugoslav officials first emphasized aid to students through scholarships, this article argues that projects based on profit seeking began to dominate thinking about aid in the late 1960s. Using archival records in Croatia and Serbia as well as UNESCO and World Bank reports, this article shows how domestic and international factors influenced these changes. Domestically, decentralizing political reforms and decreased funding for higher education allowed republic policy makers to disconnect technical aid from political priorities and to pursue self-financing international students. Detached from centralized policy making, Yugoslav university and republic leaderships, primarily in SR Croatia and SR Serbia, chose the immediate profits of international students over long-term investments in scholarship students. Internationally, reforms promoted by UNESCO and the World Bank shifted aid away from university training abroad to vocational training in situ. These new policies complemented an emerging international division of labor suited more to the economic interests of OECD states and multinational corporations than developing states.
Socialist in Form, “National” in Content? Art and Ideology in Soviet Tajikistan
Authors: Kluczewska Karolina , Hojieva Niso
Published: October 2020

This article examines the nexus between art and its ideological function, both discursively and in practice, in the Soviet socialist republics. Scrutinizing the case of visual monumental art in Soviet Tajikistan in the 1970s and 1980s, it can be seen that the geographical and cultural distance from Moscow, in addition to complex multi-actor and multi-level policy implementation channels, allowed for non-conventional artistic practices to develop in the Soviet periphery. The article highlights the role of local officials and, in particular, artists in re-appropriating the official identity formation process with specific ideas of “nationhood,” religion, and gender relations, while at the same time aspiring to comply with the dominant socialist realism doctrine. It is argued that, contrary to the prominent slogan “socialist in content, national in form,” artworks produced in the Soviet periphery were often socialist in form and “national” in content. While the artists skillfully worked within the monumental art tradition promoted by the state, thus relying on a socialist form, not infrequently the meaning of their works distorted, or even contradicted, the official ideology. Often this subversion was non-deliberate. Ultimately, however, the artworks ended up strengthening an autonomous local agency that policy-makers in Moscow sought to eradicate.
I Know That I Do Not Know: Nicholas of Cusa’s Augustine
Authors: Dubbelman Samuel J.
Published: October 2020

Nicholas of Cusa read Augustine, like he read Dionysius the Areopagite, as teaching that God was best known and encountered in an understanding of one’s own ignorance of ultimate reality (learned ignorance). Cusa’s use of Augustine in Defense of Learned Ignorance, On the Vision of God, and On the Not-Other helps recover the importance of learned ignorance in Augustine’s own writings. This study tracks learned ignorance as an essential mechanism of Augustine’s pursuit of wisdom through his early writings, the Confessions, and the later anti-Pelagian treatises. Learned ignorance functioned as philosophical dialectic in his earliest treatises, a practice of prayer in the Confessions, and as both polemic and apophatic theodicy in his later writings. Augustine’s shifting conceptualization of learned ignorance, in turn, helps recover how Cusa often preached learned ignorance as the humility of faith. Thus, Cusa’s commitment to learned ignorance derived from both the Neoplatonic dilemma of knowing the unknowable and the Augustinian understanding of original sin as pride and redemption as humility.
The relation between social pensions and health among poor older individuals in Colombia: a qualitative study
Authors: Hessel Philipp , López Laura C. , Ordóñez-Monak Ivonne , González-Uribe Catalina
Published: October 2020

We assessed the relation between social pension benefits and health among poor older individuals in Colombia based on a qualitative case study (N = 51) using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Participants were beneficiaries of the Colombia Mayor social pension programme, recruited through snowball sampling in one rural and one urban area. Participants reported using cash benefits mainly for purchasing essential foods and medicines, as well as for paying for household utilities and satisfying personal needs. Beneficiaries of the programme view the latter as being positively associated with their health as it not only satisfies material needs but also increases their sense of autonomy, emotional wellbeing and also promotes a positive and cheerful attitude. Despite most beneficiaries perceiving the programme as positively associated with their health and wellbeing, results also highlight the importance of the various individual- as well as contextual-level factors in determining the relation between social pensions and health.
Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology recommendations for basic training in paediatric and congenital cardiology 2020
Authors: Heying Ruth , Albert Dimpna C. , Voges Inga , Sendzikaite Skaiste , Sarquella-Brugada Georgia , Pluchinotta Francesca , Brzezinska-Rajszys Grazyna , Stein Joerg I. , Milanesi Ornella ,   Contributors and reviewers of the AEPC council:,   Contributors of the AEPC working groups (current chairs and representative members):
Published: October 2020

The recommendations of the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology for basic training in paediatric and congenital cardiology required to be recognised as a paediatric cardiologist by the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology are described below. Those wishing to achieve more advanced training in particular areas of paediatric cardiology should consult the training recommendations of the different Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology Working Groups available on the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology website (www.aepc.org) and the respective publications 1–6. The development of training requirements is the responsibility of the Educational Committee and the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology Council in collaboration with the Working Groups of the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology. Trainees should be exposed to all aspects of general paediatric and congenital cardiology from fetal life to adolescence and adulthood. Centres performing generalised and specialised work in paediatric and congenital cardiology should be committed to deliver postgraduate training. At each training institute, trainers should be appointed to supervise and act as mentors to the trainees. Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology will provide basic teaching courses to supplement the training process.
Anatomic classification of the right aortic arch
Authors: Prabhu Sudesh , Mehra Siddhant , Kasturi Srikanth , Tiwari Rishi , Joshi Abhijit , John Colin , Karl Tom R.
Published: October 2020

The term right aortic arch is used for an aorta that arches over the right bronchus. Right aortic arch was classified into two types by Felson et al, based on branching patterns, with a proposed embryological explanation, and into three types by Shuford et al. Other anatomical variants of right aortic arch were described later, including isolated left brachiocephalic artery and aberrant left brachiocephalic artery. We have classified right aortic arch anatomy into 10 variants, supported by radiological evidence, and with reference to possible embryology. This classification will help in understanding the morphological basis for the formation of different types of right aortic arch and the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in such cases.
CME-Sonografie 94/Antworten: Nebennieren
Authors: Tuma Jan
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung. Nebennieren werden oft in der Abdomensonografie nicht untersucht, da die falsche Meinung herrscht, dass die Nebennieren nicht darstellbar sind. Die normale rechte Nebenniere ist dabei in den meisten Fällen und die linke sehr oft darstellbar. Die Sonografie leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag in der Diagnostik der Nebennierenerkrankungen. Neben Blutungen und Tuberkulose gibt es benigne Tumoren (Nebennierenadenome), Phäochromozytome sowie Nebennierenkarzinome. Dazu kommen auch Nebennierenmetastasen und Lymphome.
YAP–TEAD1 control of cytoskeleton dynamics and intracellular tension guides human pluripotent stem cell mesoderm specification
Authors: Pagliari Stefania , Vinarsky Vladimir , Martino Fabiana , Perestrelo Ana Rubina , Oliver De La Cruz Jorge , Caluori Guido , Vrbsky Jan , Mozetic Pamela , Pompeiano Antonio , Zancla Andrea , Ranjani Sri Ganji , Skladal Petr , Kytyr Dan , Zdráhal Zbyněk , Grassi Gabriele , Sampaolesi Maurilio , Rainer Alberto , Forte Giancarlo
Published: October 2020

The tight regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics is required for a number of cellular processes, including migration, division and differentiation. YAP–TEAD respond to cell–cell interaction and to substrate mechanics and, among their downstream effects, prompt focal adhesion (FA) gene transcription, thus contributing to FA-cytoskeleton stability. This activity is key to the definition of adult cell mechanical properties and function. Its regulation and role in pluripotent stem cells are poorly understood. Human PSCs display a sustained basal YAP-driven transcriptional activity despite they grow in very dense colonies, indicating these cells are insensitive to contact inhibition. PSC inability to perceive cell–cell interactions can be restored by tampering with Tankyrase enzyme, thus favouring AMOT inhibition of YAP function. YAP–TEAD complex is promptly inactivated when germ layers are specified, and this event is needed to adjust PSC mechanical properties in response to physiological substrate stiffness. By providing evidence that YAP–TEAD1 complex targets key genes encoding for proteins involved in cytoskeleton dynamics, we suggest that substrate mechanics can direct PSC specification by influencing cytoskeleton arrangement and intracellular tension. We propose an aberrant activation of YAP–TEAD1 axis alters PSC potency by inhibiting cytoskeleton dynamics, thus paralyzing the changes in shape requested for the acquisition of the given phenotype.
Low-noise tunable deep-ultraviolet supercontinuum laser
Authors: Smith Callum R. , Moltke Asbjørn , Adamu Abubakar I. , Michieletto Mattia , Bowen Patrick , Moselund Peter M. , Markos Christos , Bang Ole
Published: October 2020

The realization of a table-top tunable deep-ultraviolet (UV) laser source with excellent noise properties would significantly benefit the scientific community, particularly within imaging and spectroscopic applications, where source noise has a crucial role. Here we provide a thorough characterization of the pulse-to-pulse relative intensity noise (RIN) of such a deep-UV source based on an argon (Ar)-filled anti-resonant hollow-core (AR HC) fiber. Suitable pump pulses are produced using a compact commercially available laser centered at 1030 nm with a pulse duration of 400 fs, followed by a nonlinear compression stage that generates pulses with 30 fs duration, 24.2 μJ energy at 100 kHz repetition rate and a RIN of < 1%. Pump pulses coupled into the AR HC fiber undergo extreme spectral broadening creating a supercontinuum, leading to efficient energy transfer to a phase-matched resonant dispersive wave (RDW) in the deep-UV spectral region. The center wavelength of the RDW could be tuned between 236 and 377 nm by adjusting the Ar pressure in a 140 mm length of fiber. Under optimal pump conditions the RIN properties were demonstrated to be exceptionally good, with a value as low as 1.9% at ~ 282 nm. The RIN is resolved spectrally for the pump pulses, the generated RDW and the broadband supercontinuum. These results constitute the first broadband RIN characterization of such a deep-UV source and provide a significant step forward towards a stable, compact and tunable laser source for applications in the deep-UV spectral region.
Author Correction: Handrail support interference in cardiac autonomic modulation adjustments in young adults during maximal exercise testing
Authors: de Oliveira Giovanna Lima , Marques Adriana Hernandez , da Fonseca Vanessa Ferrari , Pozzolo Beatriz Augusta , Panacioni Fernanda , Santos Taís Capucho , Guedes Amanda Archeleiga , Mocelin Aurenzo Gonçalves , Bertin Renata Labronici , Ulbrich Anderson Zampier
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Diagnostic accuracy of “sweeping” method compared to conventional sampling in rapid urease test for Helicobacter pylori detection in atrophic mucosa
Authors: Noh Choong-Kyun , Lee Gil Ho , Park Jin Woong , Roh Jin , Han Jae Ho , Lee Eunyoung , Park Bumhee , Lim Sun Gyo , Shin Sung Jae , Cheong Jae Youn , Kim Jin Hong , Lee Kee Myung
Published: October 2020

Although the rapid urease test (RUT) is a simple method for detecting Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, it requires sufficient biopsy samples and its sensitivity varies depending on the site and condition of H. pylori infection. We compared the diagnostic performance of a “sweeping method” for H. pylori detection with the conventional biopsy sampling method in atrophic gastric conditions which can reduce RUT accuracy. This prospective study included 279 patients who underwent upper endoscopy to determine the presence of H. pylori infection. Gastric mucosa of both the antrum and the corpus were swabbed, and we named this method the “sweeping method”. Biopsy sampling for the conventional method, histologic evaluation, and polymerase chain reaction were performed at the same time. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the sweeping method were 0.941, 0.826, and 0.903, respectively, compared to 0.685, 0.859, and 0.742, respectively, for the conventional biopsy method. The area under the receiver operating curve for the sweeping method was 0.884 versus 0.772 for the conventional method (P < 0.001). The sweeping method had a faster detection time than the conventional method. Compared to conventional biopsy sampling, the sweeping method with the RUT provided higher sensitivity and accuracy for the detection of H. pylori, with a faster detection time.
Research progress on applications of calcium derived from marine organisms
Authors: Xu Yangli , Ye Jian , Zhou Deqing , Su Laijin
Published: October 2020

Calcium is an important mineral that plays an integral role in human health, especially bone health. Marine biological calcium is an abundant resource that is generally accepted and has a complex active structure. This review evaluates research progress on marine biological calcium with regards to its sources, use of calcium supplements, calcium bioavailability, and novel applications of marine calcium. The potential for future development and the use of products incorporating marine biological calcium in biomedical research and the pharmaceutical, health care, and food industries are also reviewed. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive documentation on resource utilization and product development from marine organisms.
Relationship between job burnout and somatic diseases: a network analysis
Authors: von Känel Roland , Princip Mary , Holzgang Sarah A. , Fuchs Walther J. , van Nuffel Marc , Pazhenkottil Aju P. , Spiller Tobias R.
Published: October 2020

Job burnout, characterized by feelings of exhaustion, cynicism and reduced personal efficacy, has been defined as a risk state for the development of diseases, but its association with somatic diseases is underexplored. Study participants were 5671 respondents (mean age 44.1 years, range 18–70; 38.6% men) to an online survey of job burnout, using a mobile health web application. Respondents provided data on sociodemographic characteristics, symptoms of burnout, measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, depressive symptoms, measured with the Profile of Mood States, and 11 categories of somatic diseases. Adjusting for age, sex, educational level, depressive symptoms, and all disease categories included, network analysis showed a significant association of high exhaustion with “high blood pressure” and a category of “other chronic somatic diseases”. Low personal efficacy showed a significant association with “chronic lung diseases”. In network analysis, clinically relevant depressive symptoms were also significantly associated with “high blood pressure”, “other chronic somatic diseases” and “skin diseases”. Logistic regression analysis confirmed these associations. Burnout dimensions were significantly associated with an increased risk for somatic diseases, independently of sociodemographic factors and clinically relevant depressive symptoms. This relationship seems particularly evident for the exhaustion dimension of job burnout.
Quantifying soft degrees of freedom in volatile organic compounds: insight from quantum chemistry and focused single molecule experiments
Authors: Dahmani Rahma , Sun Haoyue , Mouhib Halima
Published: October 2020

Asymmetric ethyl esters, simple molecules challenging quantum chemistry: Insight from molecular jet experiments.
Probing the primary processes of a triazido–cobalt(iii) complex with femtosecond vibrational and electronic spectroscopies. Photochemical selectivity and multi-state reactivity
Authors: Flesch Stefan , Domenianni Luis I. , Vöhringer Peter
Published: October 2020

Femtosecond UV/Vis-to-MIR spectroscopies disclose the stereoselective events of ligand loss and solvent binding after LMCT-excitation of a Co-complex with multiple photolabile azido ligands.
One-pot synthesis of aldoximes from alkenes via Rh-catalysed hydroformylation in an aqueous solvent system
Authors: Terhorst M. , Plass C. , Hinzmann A. , Guntermann A. , Jolmes T. , Rösler J. , Panke D. , Gröger H. , Vogt D. , Vorholt A. J. , Seidensticker T.
Published: October 2020

Aldoxime synthesis directly starting from alkenes was successfully achieved through the combination of hydroformylation and subsequent condensation of the aldehyde intermediate with aqueous hydroxylamine in a one-pot process.
Engineering block copolymer materials for patterning ultra-low dimensions
Authors: Cummins Cian , Pino Guillaume , Mantione Daniele , Fleury Guillaume
Published: October 2020

Recently engineered high χ-low N block copolymers for nanolithography are evaluated. Synthetic routes together with thin film processing strategies are highlighted that could enable the relentless scaling for logic technologies at sub-10 nanometres.
A review of the evolution of the nanostructure of SiCN and SiOC polymer derived ceramics and the impact on mechanical properties
Authors: Barrios Elizabeth , Zhai Lei
Published: October 2020

Polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) are fabricated through the controlled pyrolysis of silicon-based polymeric precursors.
Self-reducible copper complex inks with aminediol and OH-based solvent for the fabrication of a highly conductive copper film by calcination at low temperature under an air atmosphere
Authors: Yabuki Akihiro , Sakaguchi Takuhiro , Fathona Indra Wahyudhin , Lee Ji Ha
Published: October 2020

A simple fabrication of copper conductive film was accomplished in one step at low temperature under an air atmosphere. The strategy for solving the problem was the use of both aminediol and OH-based solvent for self-reducible copper complex inks.
Ultrasound-assisted diversion of nitrobenzene derivatives to their aniline equivalents through a heterogeneous magnetic Ag/Fe3O4-IT nanocomposite catalyst
Authors: Taheri-Ledari Reza , Rahimi Jamal , Maleki Ali , Shalan Ahmed Esmail
Published: October 2020

A heterogeneous magnetic catalytic system is fabricated and suitably applied for the fast and direct conversion of nitrobenzene (NB) derivatives to their aniline forms.
Cobalt porphyrin intercalation into zirconium phosphate layers for electrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Barraza Alvarez Isabel , Wu Yanyu , Sanchez Joel , Ge Yulu , Ramos-Garcés Mario V. , Chu Tong , Jaramillo Thomas F. , Colón Jorge L. , Villagrán Dino
Published: October 2020

A cobalt porphyrin molecule, namely CoTcPP (TcPP = the dianion ofmeso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin), is intercalated into zirconium phosphate (ZrP) layers as an effective way to heterogenize a porphyrin-based molecular electrocatalyst.
3D reactive surface scan utilising a robot with rigidly mounted range sensors
Authors: Kim Jonghoek
Published: October 2020

This article considers autonomous scanning (coverage) control of a two‐dimensional (2D) surface embedded in 3D environments. The author uses a robot with rigidly mounted range sensors. The robot can measure its depth (height for aerial robot) and has narrow aperture rays near the central ray which is normal to the longitudinal axis of the robot. The goal of the robot is to scan (cover) a 2D surface embedded in 3D environments within a given range of depths. To achieve robust scanning performance in 3D environments, this article presents sliding mode controllers as well as switching controllers. According to the author's knowledge, this article is unique in developing 3D reactive scanning controllers considering a robot equipped with narrow aperture rays near the central ray. Extensive simulation results are utilised to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.
Parameter estimation for chirp signals using the spectrum phase
Authors: Jiang Xiaodong , Wu Siliang
Published: October 2020

In this study, the authors propose for the parameter estimation of chirp signals at low signal‐to‐noise ratios using the spectrum phase instead of the traditional temporal phase. First, the spectrum phase expression of chirp signals is derived, which demonstrates that the spectrum phase can be approximated as a quadratic function of the frequency. However, the spectrum phase is a wrapped phase modulo 2π, like the temporal phase. To obtain the unwrapped spectrum phase, the authors develop a robust phase unwrapping method and then perform linear regression on the unwrapped spectrum phase to obtain the estimates of the parameters. Finally, the estimates are refined by the O'Shea refinement strategy to reduce bias. The simulation results show that the proposed technique has a lower signal‐to‐noise ratio threshold and is less complex than the existing methods.
Recent Developments in Transition-Metal-Free Functionalization and Derivatization Reactions of Pyridines
Authors: Jiao Lei , Zhou Fei-Yu
Published: October 2020

Pyridine is an important structural motif that is prevalent in natural products, drugs, and materials. Methods that functionalize and derivatize pyridines have gained significant attention. Recently, a large number of transition-metal-free reactions have been developed. In this review, we provide a brief summary of recent advances in transition-metal-free functionalization and derivatization reactions of pyridines, categorized according to their reaction modes.

1 Introduction

2 Metalated Pyridines as Nucleophiles

2.1 Deprotonation

2.2 Halogen–Metal exchange

3 Activated Pyridines as Electrophiles

3.1 Asymmetric 2-Allylation by Chiral Phosphite Catalysis

3.2 Activation of Pyridines by a Bifunctional Activating Group

3.3 Alkylation of Pyridines by 1,2-Migration

3.4 Alkylation of Pyridines by [3+2] Addition

3.5 Pyridine Derivatization by Catalytic In Situ Activation Strategies

3.6 Reactions via Heterocyclic Phosphonium Salts

4 Radical Reactions for Pyridine Functionalization

4.1 Pyridine Functionalization through Radical Addition Reactions

4.2 Pyridine Functionalization through Radical–Radical Coupling Reactions

5 Derivatization of Pyridines through the Formation of Meisenheimer-Type Pyridyl Anions

6 Conclusion
Liquid Crystalline Benzoic Acid Ester MIDA Boronates: Synthesis and Mesomorphic Properties
Authors: Schilling Christopher , Schulz Finn , Köhn Andreas , Laschat Sabine
Published: October 2020

Two series of N-methyliminodiacetic acid (MIDA) boronates were prepared and their mesomorphic properties were investigated. MIDA-substituted benzoic acid esters were synthesized via the Mitsunobu reaction. The second series of MIDA benzyl ether derivatives was prepared via Williamson etherification and subsequent borylation. Both series exhibit smectic A (SmA) phases. In the case of MIDA boronate esters, a substitution with perfluorinated side chains led to increased transition temperatures and broadening of the SmA phases. The phase geometries of the mesophases were determined by X-ray diffraction. Quantum-chemical calculations provided further insight into the packing model.
Postnatal Brain Growth Patterns in Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia
Authors: van Dijk Tessa , Barth Peter , Baas Frank , Reneman Liesbeth , Poll-The Bwee Tien
Published: October 2020

Background Pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) is a rare group of disorders mainly affecting the cerebellum and pons. Supratentorial structures are variably involved. We assessed brain growth patterns in patients with the most frequent forms of PCH, namely PCH1B (OMIM#614678) and PCH2A (OMIM#277470), since in these types of PCH, pre- and postnatal neurodegeneration is established by neuropathological profiling. To assess the influence of the different pathomechanisms on postnatal growth patterns, we included CASK-associated microcephaly and PCH (MICPCH, OMIM#300749) patients in our analyses, as MICPH mimics PCH on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but represents a developmental disorder including abnormal neuronal migration.

Methods A total of 66 patients were included: 9 patients with PCH1B, 18 patients with PCH2A, 6 patients with MICPCH, and 33 age- and gender-matched hospital-based controls. Segmentation of the vermis and cerebellum was performed manually, as were measurements of the thickness of the head of the caudate nucleus, the width of the anterior horn, and lateral ventricle size.

Results The cerebellum was severely hypoplastic at birth in all patients, and postnatal growth was nearly absent. In patients with PCH1B/2A, we found relative sparing of the vermis compared with the cerebellar hemispheres. In addition, PCH1B and PCH2A cases demonstrated thinning of the head of the caudate nucleus, an associated increase in anterior horn width, and an increase in lateral ventricle size. None of these features were seen in the MICPCH group.

Conclusions Our findings confirm the progressive nature including caudate nucleus atrophy in PCH1B and PCH2A. In MICPCH, the relative sparing of supratentorial structures confirms its different pathomechanism.
Effect of Demographic Factors on Quality of Life in Children with ADHD under Atomoxetine Treatment: 1-Year Follow-up
Authors: Ragab Moustafa M. , Eid Ehab M. , Badr Nahla H.
Published: October 2020

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common psychiatric disorder in children and adolescents. Symptoms of ADHD and its treatment can impact an individual's quality of life (QoL). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of atomoxetine treatment, demographic characteristics, and seasonal variation on QoL in children with a recent diagnosis of ADHD and their parents. The present study included a cohort of 200 children diagnosed with ADHD. In addition to the recruited children, one of their parents was included in the study. ADHD symptoms were assessed using Conners' Parent Rating Scale. QoL of the participants was assessed with the PedsQL, while parents' QoL was evaluated using the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-Bref). There was significant improvement in pediatric and parental QoL after treatment with atomoxetine. Significant factors related to better QoL in the participants included spring season, above average Conner's score, male sex, and rural residence. However, after using multivariate regression analysis, only patients' sex and Conner's score were significant predictors of pediatric QoL at the end of treatment with atomoxetine. Medical treatment significantly improved QoL in children with ADHD and their parents. Level of improvement was affected by patients' sex and ADHD severity.
Evaluation of Safety and Medium-Term Functional Outcomes of a Medial Fixed-Bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty with Ultra-Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene
Authors: Richards Megan , Dobransky Johanna S. , Jane Alanna A. , Dervin Geoffrey F.
Published: October 2020

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo safety of a unicompartmental knee arthroplasty design with sequentially annealed cross-linked polyethylene by evaluating reoperation rate, in particular those related to excessive polyethylene wear or breakage. The secondary objective was to examine functional outcomes via standardized questionnaires. This was a 5-year institutional review board-approved prospective single-surgeon case series of the first 152 consecutive patients with symptomatic medial unicompartmental osteoarthritis implanted with a partial knee replacement between May 2010 and December 2014. Study participants were asked to complete the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthrtis Index (WOMAC) questionnaires at preoperation and 2 to 5 years postoperation. Major complications and all reoperations were recorded and we produced Kaplan–Meier survivorship curves with the end point of revision to TKA. Pre- and postoperative differences for KOOS and WOMAC were evaluated by paired t-tests. The median length of follow-up was 7.2 (0–9.72) years. Seven patients required revision surgery to TKA (4.9% of patients): four with progression of arthritis in other compartments, two for infection, and one for loosening of the femoral component and subsequent progression of pain. There were no failures of polyethylene. Survival of cohort was 99.3 and 97.9% at 2 and 5 years, respectively. Patients significantly improved (p-value < 0.001) between preoperative assessment and at 2 years, with no decline at 5 years postoperation. These preliminary midterm results with this fixed-bearing design and cross-linked polyethylene were encouraging with no catastrophic failures of polyethylene. Patient reported outcomes were significantly improved and revision rates were acceptable and lower than registry reported results.
Optoelectronic tweezers with a non-uniform background field
Authors: Zaman Mohammad Asif , Padhy Punnag , Cheng Yao-Te , Galambos Ludwig , Hesselink Lambertus
Published: October 2020

An optoelectronic tweezers (OETs) system employing a non-uniform background electric field is presented. In addition to optically induced electrodes, physical electrodes are incorporated into the design. The geometries of the physical electrodes are selected to create a background field with gradients along a specific axis. Due to the resulting background force, the proposed scheme traps particles along an axis around the rim of the optical spot. This is a resolution improvement over conventional OETs where particle trapping occurs uniformly around the spot. Numerical simulations of the device including conductivity, electric fields, and force profiles are presented. The trapping and manipulation of micro-particles using the device are experimentally demonstrated. The experiment verifies that trapping occurs along a specific axis of the optical beam.
An ultralow frequency, low intensity, and multidirectional piezoelectric vibration energy harvester using liquid as energy-capturing medium
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhang Jinhui , Lin Maoyu , Ouyang Su , Qin Lifeng
Published: October 2020

Herein, a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester (PVEH) using liquid as an energy-capturing medium is proposed to simultaneously achieve ultralow frequency, low intensity, and multidirectional vibration energy harvesting in a horizontal plane, which is difficult to realize using traditional PVEHs. The proposed harvester comprises a cylindrical container with a certain liquid, a piezoelectric cantilever beam, ropes, and floater-lever arrays. The experimental results indicate that the proposed harvester with a single floater-lever can generate 9.8 μW under an ultralow frequency (2.6  Hz) and a low intensity vibration excitation (0.03 g), and the normalized power density is 8.89 μW/(cm3 g2 Hz). Under a multidirectional vibration excitation (360° in the horizontal plane) with frequencies below 3  Hz and an acceleration of 0.03 g, the two proposed harvesters with three and four floater-levers indicate a maximum output power (Pmax) deviation of 24.92% and 28.31%, respectively, and an angle bandwidth of 360° (using 2/2Pmax as the standard). All the experimental results indicate that the proposed PVEH is highly promising as an energy supply of wireless sensor networks distributed in ultralow frequency, low intensity, and multidirectional applications.