bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decrease of hypertonia after continuous passive motion treatment in individuals with spinal cord injury
Authors: Chang Ya-Ju , Fang Chia-Ying , Hsu Miao-Ju , Lien Hen-Yu , Wong Mei-Kwan
Published: September 2007

Objective: To examine the effect of ankle continuous passive motion on the reflex excitability and overall hypertonia of calf muscles in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury and without physical disabilities.

Design: Two-way repeated measure experimental design.

Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation department in general hospital.

Subjects: The spinal cord injury group comprised eight individuals with chronic complete spinal cord injury and the control group comprised eight healthy people without physical disabilities. An additional eight healthy people were recruited as the sham group.

Interventions: Each subject received 60 min of continuous passive motion on the ankle joint.

Main measures: The H-reflex of the soleus muscle was elicited by tibia nerve stimulation just before, immediately after, and 10 min after continuous passive motion. The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) score at the ankle joint was recorded for the spinal cord injury group just before and 10 min after continuous passive motion therapy.

Results. After 60 min of continuous passive motion of the ankle joint, the H-reflex amplitude at the soleus muscle was depressed in individuals with and without spinal cord injury (77.46 ± 32.64%, P = 0.047 and 51.76 ± 26.74% of initial, P<0.0001, respectively). This depression persisted up to 10 min after continuous passive motion only in individuals without spinal cord injury. In individuals with spinal cord injury, the median of MAS scores decreased from 2 to 1.25 after continuous passive motion.

Conclusion: Sixty minutes of continuous passive motion of the ankle joint decreased reflex excitability and overall hypertonia in people with or without spinal cord injury. The depression of overall hypertonia persisted longer than the reflex excitability in people with spinal cord injury.
Constraint-induced movement therapy in the treatment of the upper limb in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: a Cochrane systematic review
Authors: Hoare Brian , Imms Christine , Carey Leeanne , Wasiak Jason
Published: September 2007

Background: Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is emerging as a treatment approach for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. It aims to increase spontaneous use of the affected upper limb and limit the effects of learned non-use. This review evaluates the effectiveness of CIMT, modified CIMT or Forced use in the treatment of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.

Design and methods: Systematic Cochrane Review. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2006, Issue 3), MEDLINE (1966 to August Week 4 2006), CINAHL (1982 to July Week 3 2006), EMBASE (1980 to August 2006), PsychInfo (1985 to August Week 4 2006) and reference lists of all relevant articles were searched. Relevant randomized and controlled clinical trials were systematically reviewed.

Results: Three studies met the inclusion criteria. One randomized controlled trial (RCT) showed a trend for positive treatment effect favouring CIMT using the Dissociated Movement subscale of the Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test. A clinically controlled trial demonstrated a significant treatment effect favouring modified CIMT using the Assisting Hand Assessment at two and six months. Another inconsistently reported trial showed a significant treatment effect at six weeks on the self-care component of the WeeFIM using Forced use.

Reviewers' conclusions: Given the limited evidence, the use of CIMT, modified CIMT and Forced use should be considered experimental in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Further research using adequately powered RCTs, rigorous methodology and valid, reliable outcome measures is essential to provide higher level support of the effectiveness of CIMT for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.
Taking care of terminally-ill patients at home — the economic perspective revisited
Authors: Tamir Oren , Singer Yoram , Shvartzman Pesach
Published: September 2007

End-of-life care can be delivered in a variety of settings, whereby the majority of terminally-ill cancer patients prefer to die at home. The aim of our study is to evaluate health services utilisation during the last year of life, and to compare terminally ill patients who have received home-specialised palliative care services (HSPCS) with patients who died receiving home non-specialised palliative care services. The study included 120 and 515 patients, respectively, who died between 1999—2000. Age and gender distribution were similar in both groups. During the last year of life, mean health services cost per person among the HSPCS group was lower by more then 30% (P < 0.005). The median cost per patient was as low as one-fifth in the last month. Men and the older age group of 65 and above, cost significantly less compared with women and younger patients, respectively, regardless of provider setting. The main differences in health services utilisation were in hospitalisations and oncology treatments (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Palliative Medicine 2007;21 : 537—541
Truth-telling in discussing prognosis in advanced life-limiting illnesses: a systematic review
Authors: Hancock Karen , Clayton Josephine M , Parker Sharon M , Wal der Sharon , Butow Phyllis N , Carrick Sue , Currow David , Ghersi Davina , Glare Paul , Hagerty Rebecca , Tattersall Martin HN
Published: September 2007

Many health professionals (HPs) express discomfort at having to broach the topic of prognosis, including limited life expectancy, and may withhold information or not disclose prognosis. A systematic review was conducted of 46 studies relating to truth-telling in discussing prognosis with patients with progressive, advanced life-limiting illnesses and their caregivers. Relevant studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified by searching computerized databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials) up to November 2004, with handsearching of studies, as well as inclusion of studies satisfying selection criteria reported in 2005 by the authors. The reference lists of identified studies were hand-searched for further relevant studies. Inclusion criteria were studies of any design evaluating communication of prognostic information that included adult patients with an advanced, life-limiting illness; their caregivers; and qualified HPs. Results showed that although the majority of HPs believed that patients and caregivers should be told the truth about the prognosis, in practice, many either avoid discussing the topic or withhold information. Reasons include perceived lack of training, stress, no time to attend to the patient's emotional needs, fear of a negative impact on the patient, uncertainty about prognostication, requests from family members to withhold information and a feeling of inadequacy or hopelessness regarding the unavailability of further curative treatment. Studies suggest that patients can discuss the topic without it having a negative impact on them. Differences and similarities in findings from different cultures are explored. Palliative Medicine 2007; 21: 507—517
Cervical intrathecal analgesia for head and neck/upper limb cancer pain: six case reports
Authors: Baker Lisa , Balls Jennifer , Regnard Claud , Pridie Angus
Published: September 2007

We describe six cases of head and neck or upper limb cancer palliative care patients with refractory pain, treated with an intrathecal catheter placed at cervical or upper thoracic spinal levels with a non-implanted, externalized and tunnelled delivery system. In these cases, this system was safe and effective. Palliative Medicine 2007;21 : 543—545
An evidence base for a palliative care chaplaincy service in Northern Ireland
Authors: Kernohan W George , Waldron Mary , McAfee Caroline , Cochrane Barbara , Hasson Felicity
Published: September 2007

Palliative care encompasses spiritual as well as physical, social and psychological aspects. Spiritual care has been identified as a key concern of dying patients. During an audit of the Northern Ireland Hospice chaplaincy service against the national Standards for Hospice and Palliative Care Chaplaincy (2003), 62 patients' spiritual needs along with their interactions with the hospice chaplains were assessed by using a questionnaire survey and reviewing data recorded on their pastoral care notes. Findings suggest that the Standards were useful for assessing and addressing spiritual needs. Access to the chaplaincy service (Standard 1) was partially met and Standard 2's spiritual criteria were fully met. The participants, of whom 92% had a faith in God or a Higher Being, highlighted their top six spiritual needs as: to have the time to think; to have hope; to deal with unresolved issues; to prepare for death; to express true feelings without being judged; to speak of important relationships. The majority of the participants (82%) felt their spiritual needs had been addressed and viewed their interaction with the chaplaincy service positively. Recommendations were made relating to improve communication of chaplaincy services. Palliative Medicine 2007; 21: 519—525
How can occupational therapists measure outcomes in palliative care?
Authors: Pearson Elizabeth JM , Todd Julia G , Futcher Jennifer M
Published: September 2007

The objective of this paper is to identify an outcome measure for occupational therapy interventions with palliative clients, in particular Home Assessments. Several possibilities beyond traditional functional measures are considered, and the notion of quality of life (QoL) as a potential measure and routine part of assessment is discussed.

A systematic literature search resulted in 45 QoL tools that might be suitable for palliative care. The validation or development papers for these tools were closely examined. Twenty-four instruments met the inclusion criteria for further consideration for use by occupational therapists.

The research found that it may be feasible for occupational therapists to use a QoL tool as a routine part of assessing each palliative patient, with the objective of focusing interventions to priority areas identified by the patient. Further work in this area will identify a range of established and validated methods of assessing QoL, suitable for different stages within the palliative phase of illness for purposes including assessment, support and targeted interventions. Palliative Medicine 2007; 21: 477—485
Facts and indicators on palliative care development in 52 countries of the WHO European region: results of an EAPC task force
Authors: Centeno Carlos , Clark David , Lynch Thomas , Racafort Javier , Praill David , De Lima Liliana , Greenwood Anthony , Flores Luis Alberto , Brasch Simon , Giordano Amelia
Published: September 2007

The European Association for Palliative Care Task (EAPC) Force on the Development of Palliative Care in Europe was created in 2003 and the results of its work are now being reported in full, both here and in several other publications. The objective of the Task Force is to assess the degree of palliative care development in the European Region as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). The Task Force is a collaboration between EAPC, the International Observatory on End of Life Care, Help the Hospices and the International Association for Hospice and Palliative Care. The University of Navarra have collaborated in the dissemination of results and is involved in further developments of this group. Four studies, each with different working methods, made up the study protocol: a literature review, a review of all the existing palliative care directories in Europe, a qualitative `Eurobarometer' survey and a quantitative `Facts Questionnaire' survey. The work of the Task Force covers the entire WHO European Region of 52 countries. In this article we present a comparative study on the development of palliative care in Europe, drawing on all four elements of the study.

Different models of service delivery have been developed and implemented throughout the countries of Europe. For example, in addition to the UK, the countries of Germany, Austria, Poland and Italy have a well-developed and extensive network of hospices. The model for mobile teams or hospital support teams has been adopted in a number of countries, most notably in France. Day Centres are a development that is characteristic of the UK with hundreds of these services currently in operation. The number of beds per million inhabitants ranges between 45—75 beds in the most advanced European countries, to only a few beds in others. Estimates on the number of physicians working full time in palliative care are shown. The countries with the highest development of palliative care in their respective subregions as measured in terms of ratio of services per one million inhabitants are: Western Europe — UK (15); Central and Eastern Europe — Poland (9); Commonwealth of Independent States — Armenia (8). This paper also presents indicators on the development of palliative care based on the bibliometric analysis of scientific journals and on the vitality of the palliative care movement in each country. Palliative Medicine 2007; 21: 463—471
Community palliative care development: evaluating the role and impact of a general practitioner with a special interest in palliative medicine
Authors: Wilson Eleanor , Cox Karen
Published: September 2007

In the context of an increased national policy focus on the development of palliative and end of life care services the post of a GP with a special interest in palliative medicine (GPSI) was introduced in one region of the UK to fortify its current palliative care provision. This paper presents findings from an evaluation of the first 2 years of the GPSI post. A mixed method evaluation design was adopted incorporating qualitative interviews, a satisfaction survey and an activity log.

As a concept, the GPSI was welcomed as a suitable and imaginative way to provide much needed medical input. At baseline interviews stakeholders saw the role as an added resource both clinically and educationally, placing highest value on the clinical element of the role. There were concerns related to referral practices (referral was via a GP only) as well as the low profile of the new role. At the final stage of the evaluation, almost 2 years since the role began, stakeholders noted that the use of the GPSI for informal advice and support was highly valued, but also noted that more had been expected, particularly in relation to increased clinical input. The evaluation contained important lessons both for the continuation of this GPSI post and for other regions considering appointing a GPSI in this speciality. Palliative Medicine 2007;21 : 527—535
Palliative care provision for people with intellectual disabilities: interviews with specialist palliative care professionals in London
Authors: Tuffrey-Wijne I. , McEnhill L. , Curfs L. , Hollins S.
Published: September 2007

Growing numbers of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are in need of palliative care, but there is inequity of access to palliative care services for this group. This study investigates the issues and difficulties arising for palliative care staff in providing care for people with ID. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 32 palliative care professionals in London. Factors affecting palliative care provision for people with ID included social issues (home situation and family issues), emotional and cognitive issues (fear, patient understanding, communication, cooperation and capacity to consent), problems with assessment, and the impact on staff and other patients. An underlying theme was the need to take more time and to build trust. Despite the challenges, many palliative care staff managed the care of people with ID well. The importance of collaboration with carers and ID services is highlighted. Further studies are needed to investigate how widespread the problems are. Palliative Medicine 2007; 21 : 493—499
What determines referral of UK patients with haematological malignancies to palliative care services? An exploratory study using hospital records
Authors: Ansell Pat , Howell Debra , Garry Anne , Kite Suzanne , Munro Janet , Roman Eve , Howard Martin
Published: September 2007

We investigated the frequency and characteristics of patients with haematological malignancies (HMs) who were, or were not, referred for specialist palliative care (SPC). Data were abstracted from hospital records of 108 patients who died — 27 with leukaemia, 11 with myelodysplastic syndromes, 48 with lymphoma and 22 with myeloma. Ninety-three patients (86.1%) were > 60 years of age at diagnosis, with 33 (30.6%) being ≥ 80 years and 31 (28.7%) having existing comorbidities. Thirty-three patients (30.6%) were referred to SPC services. There was little difference by age or HM diagnosis in referred patients. Seventeen of 67 patients (25.4%) dying on a hospital ward received SPC compared with 6/7 (85.7%) dying at home. Time between diagnosis and death influenced the referral — 24/52 patients (46.2%) dying ≥ 30 days after diagnosis received SPC compared with 8/42 (19.1%) dying within 30 days. In 14 patients, HM diagnosis was confirmed after death. Identification of these 14 patients is likely to be a unique feature of our study, as patients were selected from a regional, population-based register with centralized diagnostic services, enabling the identification of all patients with HM. The interface between curative and palliative treatment in HM is more complex than the National Institute for Clinical Excellence recommendations suggest. Palliative Medicine 2007; 21 : 487—492
`Right There with You'
Authors: Gill Lesley
Published: September 2007

■ The article examines how state terrorism operates alongside neoliberal capitalism and has reconfigured labor relations and generated new forms of oppositional politics. Focusing on the struggles of Colombian Coca-Cola workers, the article first considers how neoliberal restructuring and political violence have fragmented social relationships and aggravated inequalities among workers and between them and the Coca-Cola Company. This is a process that is based on widespread impunity. The article then examines how trade unionists have struggled against the degradation of work and the violation of their human rights by internationalizing their struggle against Coca-Cola and building broad alliances that extend beyond the workplace. Finally, it considers the problems, possibilities and new tensions that emerge from the union's internationalism.
The Philosopher's Gift
Authors: Argyrou Vassos
Published: September 2007

■ This article considers Derrida's critique of Mauss's The Gift and the philosopher's argument that the gift is impossible. In the spirit of the gift, the article engages Derrida in a potlatch-like manner and subjects his critique to the same sort of critical interrogation to which he subjects the gift. The key question raised is why Derrida should want to give this gift of knowledge, namely, that there is no gift. The article argues that despite appearances, and the contradictions in his argument aside, Derrida's gift is the same as the anthropologist's gift. It is the gift of human unity and hence purity and innocence, which is (a) given only insofar as there are no giving agencies — `man', for instance, or the West.
Injection of Polypropylene Reinforced with Short Glass Fibers: Rheological Behavior
Authors: Benhadou M. , Haddout A. , Villoutreix G.
Published: September 2007

An experimental study of the thermorheological behavior of polypropylene (PP) reinforced with short glass fibers during the injection processing is described in this paper. This study was carried out using a proprietary rheometer which was designed and developed within our laboratory and is mounted on the injection machine. We have studied the variations of PP viscosity and elasticity, during isothermal flow, as a function of temperature, shear rate and glass fiber content.

Furthermore we have studied the influence of the injection thermomechanical parameters during non-isothermal flowing and a pressure drop inside the feed channels and within a molding cavity of cylindrical cross section.
Prediction of Weight Loss of Various Polyaryletherketones and their Composites in Three-body Abrasive Wear Situation using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Harsha A.P. , Nagesh D.S.
Published: September 2007

The objective of the present paper is to investigate the potential of an artificial neural network technique to predict the weight loss of various polyaryletherketones (PAEKs) and their composites in a three-body abrasive wear situation. Back-propagation neural networks have been used to predict the weight loss based on an experimental database in a three-body abrasive wear situation. The results show that the predicted data are perfectly acceptable when compared to the actual experimental test results. Hence a well-trained artificial neural networks (ANNs) system is expected to be very helpful for estimating the weight loss in the complex three-body abrasive wear situation of polymer composites.
Rapid Prototyping Three-Dimensional Cell/Gelatin/Fibrinogen Constructs for Medical Regeneration
Authors: Wei Xu  , Xiaohong Wang  , Yongnian Yan  , Wei Zheng  , Zhuo Xiong  , Feng Lin  , Rendong Wu  , Renji Zhang
Published: September 2007

There is a need for rapid fabrication of tissue or organs with well-defined structures and functions in regenerative medicine. Two patterns of cell/matrix constructs containing hepatic cells, gelatin and fibrinogen were successfully created by automated rapid prototyping techniques and stabilized with thrombin. No apparent cell damage was found during the process. Mechanical characterization demonstrated that a 1:1 ratio gelatin/fibrin mixture had the greatest elasticity modulus and compressive strength. Microscopic and histological observations showed that hepatic cells were embedded in the gelatin/fibrinogen matrix and were proliferating. Immunostaining and biochemical analysis indicated that the embedded hepatocytes secreted albumin. Fibrin appears to be a favorable component for a gelatin based cell assembly matrix in that it is bioresorbable, easily manipulated, and supports in vitro cell functions.
A Novel Poly(L-lactide) (PLLA)/Fibroin Hybrid Scaffold to Promote Hepatocyte Viability and Decrease Macrophage Responses
Authors: Hu K. , Lv Q. , Cui F.Z. , Xu L. , Jiao Y.P. , Wang Y. , Feng Q.L. , Wang H.L. , Huang L.Y.
Published: September 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hepatocellular compatibility and assess the inflammatory response of a novel hybrid scaffold of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and fibroin. The hybrid scaffold was obtained by freezing and lyophilizing a blend of fibroin microspheres and PLLA solution. FTIR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated that fibroin microspheres were on the surface of the hybrid scaffold. Compared to the PLLA scaffold, SEM and laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) analyses showed that the human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells had spread and proliferated much more in the hybrid scaffold. The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays indicated a greater number of cells in this hybrid scaffold. Furthermore, a mouse RAW264.7 macrophages cell line was utilized to characterize and compare the mRNA profiles of TNF-alpha using real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The inflammatory response of the macrophages grown in the PLLA/fibroin scaffold rapidly declined compared to those in the PLLA scaffold and reached the level of cells grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM). The hepatocellular compatibility and lower level of inflammatory response makes the PLLA/fibroin scaffold a promising candidate for hepatic tissue engineering.
An Investigation of Two Kinds of Magnetic Chitosan Composite Microspheres
Authors: Ji Zhang  , Shengtang Zhang  , Guangpeng Wu  , Wenqiang Wang  , Sufang Gao  , Ji Zhang  , Yunpu Wang
Published: September 2007

In this study, two composite magnetic microspheres made of tamarind gum with chitosan and artemisia seed gum with chitosan were prepared by suspension cross-linking for magnetic carrier applications. The magnetic material used in the preparation of the microspheres was prepared by precipitating FeCl3 and FeSO4 solutions in a basic medium. The morphological, thermal stability, and magnetic properties of the two composite magnetic microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscope, magnetometry, and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The swelling kinetics and pH responsive behavior of the two microspheres were also studied.
Polymeric Sorbents for Virucide Agents in Blood Treatments
Authors: Bartolozzi I. , Solaro R. , Chiellini E. , Mari G.
Published: September 2007

Hydrophilic polystyrene (PS) type resins displaying excellent adsorption capacity for aromatic molecules in water were obtained by chemical modification of mesoporous cross-linked PS-type resins with a variety of hydrophilic reagents. The vinyl groups available on the surface of the resin beads were utilized as reactive sites for free radical grafting of hydrophilic moieties. Qualitative and semi-quantitative assessments of the functionalization degree were performed by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis. Wetting and water uptake tests confirmed the occurrence of functionalization. The removal of an acridine virucide agent using the modified PS resins was tested under physiological conditions at pH 7.4. The virucide uptake capacity of the modified resins was in some cases almost quantitative. Antipyrogen treatment at 180°C for 8 h did not significantly affect the resin hydrophilicity, although a slight decrease in the adsorption capacity was detected. These modified resins were evaluated in hemofiltration procedures as virucide sorbents during the antiviral stage.
Constructing Knowledge for the Future
Authors: Hodges Nancy Nelson , DeLong Marilyn , Hegland Jane , Thompson Mary , Williams Gloria
Published: September 2007

Clothing and textiles research is examined within a futuring framework to discuss potential avenues for development of thought within the field. A philosophical perspective linking ontology, epistemology, and methodology is posited as important to exploring assumptions that guide the research process. The material culture studies perspective, the feminist social science perspective, and the critical science perspective are discussed as three potential ways of approaching the subject matter in need of mainstreaming as we look to the future of knowledge production within clothing and textiles. Based on this discussion, ideas and implications for scenario-building in the traditional futures sense are presented.
Future Forces Transforming Apparel Retailing in the United States
Authors: Kim Hye-Young , Jolly Laura , Kim Youn-Kyung
Published: September 2007

The apparel retail landscape in the United States has undergone dramatic changes during the past decade. In most major segments, apparel retailers have faced market saturation combined with slow spending growth. Furthermore, the early years of the 21st century have produced an age of anxiety and uncertainty that has resulted in fear and inertia among consumers and retailers alike. What, then, is the outlook for apparel retailing in this uncertain world? As an attempt to generate viable answers to this question, the researchers identify environmental change factors that may affect the future of apparel retailing. Three major forces transforming apparel retailing in the United States—changes related to plus-size, aging, and Hispanic/Latino consumers—emerge from the environmental scanning procedures. Each force pushes apparel retailers toward a new mentality of defining their customers and making strategic decisions for long-term prosperity.
Continents, Cultures, Curriculum
Authors: O'Neal Gwendolyn S.
Published: September 2007

This article poses questions of relevance concerning preparing professionals for the future. The need to find ways to maximize the “pieces of knowledge” brought by the multicultural and multinational members of the International Textile and Apparel Association, the need for transformation in how we think and are taught, and the need for futures studies in curricular offerings in order to prepare professionals are also stressed.
Helping the “Neediest of the Needy”
Authors: Deeb-Sossa Natalia
Published: September 2007

Drawing on data from 18 months of participant observation and interviews at a community health clinic in North Carolina, the author illustrates how an intersectional perspective deepens our understanding of the construction of a moral identity. In this case, the author examines the moral identity of health care providers—all women—who provide family planning and contraceptive counseling for women clients. The author analyzes how maternity care coordinators—two whites and two Latinas—craft a moral identity by drawing on the cultural toolkit available to them, using gendered frames but also racial, class, and nationalist frames. An intersectional lens helps us better understand how maternity care coordinators' moral identities are shaped by their different locations within racism, classism, and nationalism.
The New Welfare Trap
Authors: Pearson A. Fiona
Published: September 2007

After U.S. welfare was reformed in 1996, many states reduced their support of postsecondary education and instead emphasized work-first programs. This study uses in-depth interviews and participant observation to examine how case managers implement work-first policies when dealing with students desiring a college education. Case managers are expected to reconcile the goals of their clients with those of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program, while negotiating cultural definitions of “work” that frequently serve to reproduce gender, race, and class inequalities. In this context, overburdened case managers, many of whom support proffering educational solutions, nonetheless find themselves promoting work over education. As a result, many economically poor women are dissuaded from pursuing postsecondary degrees that have the potential of increasing their chances of achieving financial self-sufficiency.
“'Cause That's What Girls Do”
Authors: Craig Maxine Leeds , Liberti Rita
Published: September 2007

While both men and women work out in contemporary gyms, popular conceptions of the gym as a masculine institution continue. The authors examine organizational processes within a chain of women-only gyms to explore whether and how these processes have feminized the historically masculine gym. They examine the physical setting and equipment, the established procedures for customers' use of machines, and the interactional styles of employees as components of the organization's structure. They argue that the organization's use of technology and labor mobilizes customers' participation in a feminized organizational culture of nonjudgmental and noncompetitive sociability. Organizational processes create a context that fosters gendered interactions and identities among customers. The organizational context calls gendered behavior into play such that the performance is naturalized. The processes outlined may occur in other cases of organizational recoding and suggest ways that transposable gender practices may change the gender coding of an institution yet leave gender hierarchies intact.
The Politics of Masculinity and the Ex-Gay Movement
Authors: Robinson Christine M. , Spivey Sue E.
Published: September 2007

The purpose of this research is to investigate the masculinity politics of the ex-gay movement, a loose-knit network of religious, scientific, and political organizations that advocates change for homosexuals. Guided by Risman's gender structure theory, the authors analyze the individual, interactional, and institutional dimensions of gender in ex-gay discourses. The authors employ critical discourse analysis of representative ex-gay texts to deconstruct the movement's gender ideology and to discuss the social implications of its masculinity politics. They argue that gender is one of the ex-gay movement's most potent social movement resources, enabling it to consolidate power by enlisting new populations and to globalize by adapting to cultural contexts beyond the United States. The authors conclude that the ex-gay movement is an antigay countermovement and an antifeminist Christian Right men's movement.
Between Kraepelin and Freud: the integrative psychiatry of August Hoch
Authors: Martin Shirley A.
Published: September 2007

Through examination of the career of the psychiatrist August Hoch (1868—1919), this essay challenges two assumptions implicit in histories of US progressive-era psychiatry: that the emergence of Freudian psychoanalysis signalled a devaluation of Kraepelin's contributions and that theoretical and therapeutic eclecticism inhibited psychiatric research. Locating Hoch's guiding principles within the context of Kraepelin's clinical psychiatry, I analyse how Hoch mediated the demands of classification and the dynamic understanding of persons in prosecuting a new kind of clinical research that would not have been possible within either the Kraepelinian or Freudian perspective alone.
`On the Question of Degeneration' by Emil Kraepelin (1908)1
Authors: Engstrom Eric J.
Published: September 2007

The introduction to this Classic Text draws on a new consensus among researchers in the history of eugenics to assess how Kraepelin articulated his eugenic ideas and put them into practice. It analyses his article `On the Question of Degeneration' and finds him not just giving voice to his deep concern for the German Volk , but also espousing neo-Lamarckian views and building a large-scale, clinically oriented, epidemiological research programme. The introduction situates this research programme in the context of Kraepelin's work in Munich before World War I.
Living in a Kraepelinian world: Kraepelin's impact on modern psychiatry
Authors: Jablensky Assen
Published: September 2007

Kraepelin's works are made more accessible in English by the publication in 2002 of a 5-volume book of reprints of original translations. Together with his Memoirs (Kraepelin, 1987) and the translations of several of his papers published in History of Psychiatry , they present a fair, though still incomplete picture of Kraepelin's lifetime work. This paper draws on those publications to assess Kraepelin's legacy and his influence on contemporary psychiatric theory and practice..
Kraepelin and the `urnings': male homosexuality in psychiatric discourse
Authors: Mildenberger Florian
Published: September 2007

The discourse on male homosexuality — whether it deserved punishment or possible therapies for homosexuals — was significantly shaped by the physician Magnus Hirschfeld between 1900 and 1933. He fought passionately against §175 of the Penal Code (Reichsstrafgesetzbuch) , which made homosexual acts between men punishable by law. Initially, Emil Kraepelin, the doyen of German psychiatry, and his students did not join in this discourse and only gradually developed their own ideas about homosexuality.The radicalization of German physicians in World War I led to a complete break between Hirschfeld and Kraepelinian psychiatry. But instead of developing his own theoretical model, Kraepelin adopted the arguments of his rival Alfred Hoche, who regarded homosexuality as a disease contracted through `seduction'. Consequently, Kraepelin contributed to what, like the Nazis, he called 'popular sentiment', but neither he nor his followers influenced research on the aetiology and spread of homosexuality, and Kraepelin left no legacy in this field.
Making Kraepelin history: a great instauration?
Authors: Engstrom Eric J. , Weber Matthias M.
Published: September 2007

This introduction surveys the literature on Kraepelin's legacy and assesses efforts on the part of neo-Kraepelinians to install him as a new, post-Freudian `father' of clinical psychiatry. It argues that in contemporary discourse Kraepelin has become a touchstone of professional loyalties and that he is put to use in the strategic organization and apportionment of disciplinary resources, power and knowledge.
Development and Validation of a Parental Monitoring Instrument: Measuring How Parents Monitor Adolescents' Activities and Risk Behaviors
Authors: Cottrell Scott A. , Branstetter Steven , Cottrell Lesley , Harris Carole V. , Rishel Carrie , Stanton Bonita F.
Published: September 2007

The aim of this article is to describe the development and validation of the Parental Monitoring Instrument (PMI). The PMI was administered to a sample of 518 parent—adolescent (aged 12 to 17 years) dyads. Initial findings provide evidence of instrument reliability and validity. The exploratory factor analysis results suggested a seven-factor solution that explained approximately 48% of the variance. An analysis of the questions reveals reasonable interpretations of the seven factors: direct, indirect, restrictive, school, health, computer, and phone monitoring. Administration of the PMI may further our understanding of how parental monitoring is associated with adolescent activities and risk behaviors, setting the stage for informed strategies to improve parent—adolescent relationships.
High-Conflict Divorce Solutions: Parenting Coordination as an Innovative Co-Parenting Intervention
Authors: Mitcham-Smith Michelle , Henry Wilma J.
Published: September 2007

The purpose of this article is to discuss issues germane to high-conflict divorce and separation when children are involved. It explores the negative effects of divorce on children and the parental relationship as well as the impact of the adversarial nature of the family court system in the process of high-conflict divorce. Parenting coordination is presented as a new, multifaceted co-parenting intervention to help resolve pre- and postdivorce issues relative to the new family dynamics. Implications for mental health professionals as parenting coordinators are outlined, and suggestions for further research are provided.
Intimacy, Differentiation, and Personality Variables as Predictors of Marital Satisfaction
Authors: Patrick Shawn , Sells James N. , Giordano Fran G. , Tollerud Toni R.
Published: September 2007

This study attempted to integrate theories of intimacy and differentiation with previously studied relationship variables to generate a predictive model of marital satisfaction. Findings from this study supported intimacy and spousal support as strong variables in predicting marital satisfaction but found no relationship between differentiation and marital satisfaction. Length of marriage, children, age, prior cohabitation, division of labor, and income were not found to be significant predictors of satisfaction.
The Pain Bond
Authors: Renshaw Domeena C.
Published: September 2007

Pain is explored as a significant issue in the lives of persons experiencing chronic and debilitating illnesses as well as their care-givers and family members. Although medicine has evolved to provide pharmacological and effective procedures to reduce or manage pain, there remains a special interpersonal bond between sufferer and comforter. Emotional and interpersonal dimensions of the pain bond are discussed in the context of stressors associated with living with chronic pain.
Emotional Intelligence in Couples Therapy: An Interview With Brent J. Atkinson
Authors: Nieponski Mary Katherine , Duba-Onedera Jill
Published: September 2007

Brent J. Atkinson, PhD, is a senior graduate faculty member in the Marriage and Family Therapy Program at Northern Illinois University and director of Post-Graduate Training at the Couples Research Institute in Geneva, Illinois. He is the principal architect of pragmatic-experiential therapy for couples, an approach that translates new scientific findings about the brain into practical methods for improving relationships. Atkinson practices at the Couples Clinic in Geneva, Illinois.

Brent Atkinson talks about the historical development and unique features of Pragmatic/Experiential Therapy for Couples. Methods for improving relationships that draw upon recent advances in neurobiology as well as the science of intimate relationships are described.
The Multiple Heritage Couple Questionnaire
Authors: Henriksen Richard C. , Watts Richard E. , Bustamante Rebecca
Published: September 2007

The Multiple Heritage Couple Questionnaire (MHCQ) is a revision and extension of the Interracial Couple Questionnaire (ICQ). It is designed to help counseling professionals attend to crucial information that is often overlooked when working with multiple-heritage couples.
Gender and Generation: The Relative Influence of Intimacy and Individuation With Mother and With Father for Spousal Intimacy and Individuation Among Dual-Earner Husbands and Wives
Authors: Gilliard Jennifer L. , Blanton Priscilla W. , Bartley Sharon J.
Published: September 2007

Drawing on anchor points from earlier scholarly work contained in family therapy perspectives, this study examined intimacy and individuation among husbands and wives from gender-sensitive and intergenerational perspectives. Scales assessing personal authority in the family system were utilized to ascertain husbands and wives' perceptions of intimacy and individuation with mother, with father, and with their spouse. The relative influence of intimacy and individuation with mother and father for spousal intimacy and individuation was examined. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that intimacy and individuation with mother predicted spousal individuation and that individuation with father predicted spousal intimacy. Clinical implications of these results for narrative approaches to therapy are discussed.
Workplace Mobbing: Individual and Family Health Consequences
Authors: Duffy Maureen , Sperry Len
Published: September 2007

In this article, the concept of workplace mobbing is introduced and described. The health consequences for the individuals who have been mobbed and for their families are identified and discussed. The contribution of organizational and personality dynamics to workplace mobbing is examined, and possible counseling interventions are presented. The article concludes with two clinical case studies of workplace mobbing in academia.
Combining Socratic Questions With the “ADAPT” Problem-Solving Model: Implications for Couple's Conflict Resolution
Authors: Milliren Al , Milliren Mary , Eckstein Daniel
Published: September 2007

The purpose of the article is to integrate the use of Socratic questions into a developmental problem-solving model for couples. Following an overview to the theory behind the model along with a representative couple's case study, a five-phase problem-solving sequence is presented along with representative questions couples can ask each other at each phase of the process.
Bibliotherapy With Preadolescents Experiencing Divorce
Authors: Pehrsson Dale-Elizabeth , Allen Virginia B. , Folger Wendy A. , McMillen Paula S. , Lowe Imelda
Published: September 2007

Preadolescence is a challenging developmental stage, but when complicated or threatened by the effects of family dissolution or divorce, the challenges can be overwhelming. Such youngsters often need and can benefit from counseling intervention. One particularly appropriate intervention is bibliotherapy. Reasons for using bibliotherapy for such youngsters are provided, and specific methods and materials are suggested.
Applying Multitheoretical Psychotherapy Integration to Family Therapy
Authors: Devlin James M. , Calley Tracy
Published: September 2007

Therapeutic integration has increased in recent years with respect to the helping profession and training within the field. The integrative features of therapy have widened in their scope to address the needs of the individual, family, and couple. Models of integrative adherence provide flexible and innovative ways for practitioners to utilize an assortment of clinical tools that best meet the needs of the client. Consequently, the multitheoretical psychotherapy integration model (MTP) offers an integration of unitary models and applied conceptualization skills to attend to the presenting problems faced by couples' and family therapists. The authors provide an overview of psychotherapeutic integration and offer an application of the MTP to family therapy. Implications for professional practice and recommendations are provided.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Their Effects on Relationship Satisfaction
Authors: Meyer Dixie
Published: September 2007

This article postulates the impact the use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) may have on relationship satisfaction. Three phases are represented in romantic love: attraction, lust, and attachment. Both the use of SSRIs and each of these stages of love affect the brain's neurochemistry. However , relationship satisfaction may be impaired due to the chemical changes induced from ingestion of the SSRI medication. Neurotransmitters influenced by romantic love—dopamine, oxytocin, and vasopressin—may be hindered from the increase in serotonin, thus decreasing relationship satisfaction in romantic partners. Therefore, couples therapists need to be cognizant of all variables that may be influencing relationships such as medications and cultural and gender differences.
Social Theory as a Cognitive Neuroscience
Authors: Turner Stephen
Published: September 2007

In the nineteenth century, there was substantial and sophisticated interest in neuroscience on the part of social theorists, including Comte and Spencer, and later Simon Patten and Charles Ellwood. This body of thinking faced a dead end: it could do little more than identify highly general mechanisms, and could not provide accounts of such questions as `why was there no proletarian revolution?' Psychologically dubious explanations, relying on neo-Kantian views of the mind, replaced them. With the rise of neuroscience, however, some of the problems of concern to earlier thinkers, such as imitation, have revived because of the discovery of neuronal mechanisms, or through fMRI studies. The article reviews the history and discusses the implications of current work for the reconsideration of traditional social theory concepts. It is suggested that certain kinds of bridging work with neuroscience would enable us to answer many questions in social theory that empirical sociology has failed to answer.
Cognitive Sociology and the Theory of Communicative Action
Authors: Eder Klaus
Published: September 2007

A pragmatic (communication-discursive) cognitive sociology beyond observationism (Luhmann, Turner, Conein) and individualistic reductionism (Esser, Boudon) as a way to do sociology as a critical theory and as a positive science is proposed, drawing on the Habermasian theory of communicative action and its radical continuation in Luhmann's concept of the (cognitive) autopoiesis of social systems.
Missionization in the post-colonial world
Authors: Velho Otávio
Published: September 2007

Missions and missionization have usually been associated with modern colonialism. This article argues that a re-reading of the past by means of a `productive anachronism' may show that both missions and missionization are still relevant in the post-colonial and globalized world. Drawing examples from Brazil and elsewhere it, also shows how the relations between prophetism, conversion and missionization may vary and how an emphasis on continuities may permit a very different view of global and post-colonial Christianity than that which focuses on rupture, conversion and resistances. The article also attempts a re-reading of the classical distinction between `world religions' and `local (or traditional) religions'. It argues against those who contend that globalization flows exclusively outwards from the central powers as well as the essentializing conceptions that presume a defining nucleus to each religion.