bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflections About Educational Leadership: Leadership Lessons Learned From School Building Leaders at the End of a Career in Public Education
Authors: Skousen Jacob D. , Weiler Spencer C. , Boren David , Pesci Breanna , Johnson Adam , Antivilo Karla , Averett Jason , Ricks Heaton Trystan , Crandall Nate
Published: November 2024

Purpose: Isolate the voice of recently retired educational leaders to better understand the essential elements of educational leadership from individuals who spent a career supporting schools and leading people. Research Methods: This qualitative study used snowball sampling to identify 10 recently retired educational leaders who were willing to complete a survey and eight who participated in qualitative interviews. The data were analyzed using open and axial coding approaches. Five interconnected themes related to effectively leading school systems emerged from the data. Findings: We used a conceptual framework of the Earth’s crust, mantle, and core as analogous to educational leadership’s focus on performance, people, and purpose to illustrate the interplay between the five themes: 1) Role and responsibilities of educational leaders; 2) Collaboration; 3) Relationships and love; 4) Building capacity in others; and 5) Self-care. Implications: When compared to existing principal standards, we noted an important omission. Current principal standards make no mention of self-care. In addition, too much of principal preparation and principal professional development occurs in silos, or in isolation from other aspects of leadership, and the findings from this study suggest an integrated approach might better prepare and support educational leaders in their efforts to effectively lead school systems.
Bridging Gaps in Health Literacy for Cleft Lip and Palate: Correspondence
Authors: Kleebayoon Amnuay , Wiwanitkit Viroj
Published: November 2024

This is a correspondence on published article on health literacy on cleft lip and cleft palate. Issues on current problem and future directions are discussed.
Effects of Family Caregiver-Nurse Communication on Family Management and Family Caregiver Uncertainty Regarding the Care of Children With Long-Term Ventilator Dependence
Authors: Giambra Barbara K. , Knafl Kathleen , Haas Stephen , Zhang Yin , Zhang Nanhua , Pickler Rita H. , Britto Maria T.
Published: November 2024

Nurses caring for hospitalized children with long-term ventilator dependence (LTVD) assess family management capability and teach new skills through communication with family caregivers. This theoretically-based quantitative, descriptive study aimed to determine the communication behaviors associated with family caregiver uncertainty and management of the child with LTVD’s care after discharge. One hundred families and 48 nurses enrolled. Family caregiver-nurse conversations were recorded and transcripts coded for communication behaviors. Family management and uncertainty data were gathered during hospitalization and after discharge. Data analysis included correlations and linear mixed models. Family caregivers and nurses used advocating and negotiating roles communication behaviors least frequently; however, these communication behaviors were associated with the most aspects in terms of uncertainty about the child’s condition and ease of management of the child’s care after discharge to home. Nurses should assess family caregiver ease in managing care, provide support, and engage in collaborative problem-solving through respectful communication.
“You’re Never Really Safe”: Exploring UK Mothers’ and Young Women's Perceptions of Sexual Violence Risk
Authors: Wood Becca , Fabian Sheri
Published: November 2024

Studies exploring perception-based sexual violence risk across the United Kingdom are limited, but research that examines how mothers consider their daughter's risk is even more uncommon. This interview-based study compared the experiences of 10 mothers with 10 young women based in the United Kingdom to understand their perceived sexual violence risk, and how they manage such risks. Findings indicate conflicting ideas of risk perception, yet similarities across risk management strategies, and concerns over the UK government's ability to respond to sexual violence. Prevalence of sexual violence fear, current flaws within policy, and the importance of further studying the mother–daughter dyad are highlighted.
Human-Machine Engagement (HME): Conceptualization, Typology of Forms, Antecedents, and Consequences
Authors: Azer Jaylan , Alexander Matthew
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in customer-facing settings are growing rapidly. The general shift toward robot- and AI-powered services prompts a reshaping of customer engagement, bringing machines into engagement conceptualizations. In this paper, we build on service research around engagement and AI, incorporating computer science, and socio-technical systems perspective to conceptualize human-machine engagement (HME), offering a typology and nomological network of antecedents and consequences. Through three empirical studies, we develop a typology of four distinct forms of HME (informative, experimenting, praising, apprehensive), which differ in valence and intensity, underpinned by both emotional (excitement) and cognitive (concern, advocacy) drivers. We offer empirical evidence which reveals how these HME forms lead to different cognitive and personality-related outcomes for other users (perceived value of HME, perceived risk, affinity with HME) and service providers (willingness to implement in services, perceived value of HME). We also reveal how outcomes for service providers vary with the presence and absence of competitor pressure. Our findings broaden the scope of engagement research to include non-human actors and suggest both strategic and tactical guidance to service providers currently using and/or seeking to use generative AI (GenAI) in services alongside an agenda to direct future studies on HME.
Comparative Phylogenetic Analysis and Protein Prediction Reveal the Taxonomy and Diverse Distribution of Virulence Factors in Foodborne Clostridium Strains
Authors: Zhang Ming , Yin Zhenzhen
Published: November 2024

Background:

Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium perfringens, 2 major foodborne pathogenic fusobacteria, have a variety of virulent protein types with nervous and enterotoxic pathogenic potential, respectively.

Objective:

The relationship between the molecular evolution of the 2 Clostridium genomes and virulence proteins was studied via a bioinformatics prediction method. The genetic stability, main features of gene coding and structural characteristics of virulence proteins were compared and analyzed to reveal the phylogenetic characteristics, diversity, and distribution of virulence factors of foodborne Clostridium strains.

Methods:

The phylogenetic analysis was performed via composition vector and average nucleotide identity based methods. Evolutionary distances of virulence genes relative to those of housekeeping genes were calculated via multilocus sequence analysis. Bioinformatics software and tools were used to predict and compare the main functional features of genes encoding virulence proteins, and the structures of virulence proteins were predicted and analyzed through homology modeling and a deep learning algorithm.

Results:

According to the diversity of toxins, genome evolution tended to cluster based on the protein-coding virulence genes. The evolutionary transfer distances of virulence genes relative to those of housekeeping genes in C. botulinum strains were greater than those in C. perfringens strains, and BoNTs and alpha toxin proteins were located extracellularly. The BoNTs have highly similar structures, but BoNT/A/B and BoNT/E/F have significantly different conformations. The beta2 toxin monomer structure is similar to but simpler than the alpha toxin monomer structure, which has 2 mobile loops in the N-terminal domain. The C-terminal domain of the CPE trimer forms a “claudin-binding pocket” shape, which suggests biological relevance, such as in pore formation.

Conclusions:

According to the genotype of protein-coding virulence genes, the evolution of Clostridium showed a clustering trend. The genetic stability, functional and structural characteristics of foodborne Clostridium virulence proteins reveal the taxonomy and diverse distribution of virulence factors.
Serum neurofilament light and glial fibrillary acidic protein levels are not associated with wearing-off symptoms in natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Toorop Alyssa A , Wessels Mark HJ , Boonkamp Lynn , Gelissen Liza MY , Hoitsma E , Zeinstra Esther MPE , van Rooij Luuk C , van Munster Caspar EP , Vennegoor Anke , Mostert Jop P , Wokke Beatrijs HA , Kalkers Nynke F , Hoogervorst Erwin LJ , van Eijk Jeroen JJ , Roosendaal Christiaan M , Kragt Jolijn J , Eurelings Marijke , van Genugten Jessie , Nielsen Jessica , Sinnige LGF , Kloosterziel Mark E , Arnoldus Edo PJ , van Dijk Gert W , Bouvy Willem H , Strijbis Eva MM , van Oosten Bob W , de Jong Brigit A , Uitdehaag Bernard MJ , Rispens Theo , Killestein Joep , van Kempen Zoé LE , Teunissen Charlotte E
Published: November 2024

Background:

Biomarkers of neuronal and axonal damage (serum neurofilament light (sNfL) and serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP)) may provide insight into the aetiology of natalizumab wearing-off symptoms (WoSs).

Objectives:

We investigated the longitudinal association between and predictive value of sNfL and sGFAP and the occurrence of WoS in MS patients treated with natalizumab.

Methods:

We performed longitudinal measurements of sNfL and sGFAP in NEXT-MS trial participants who completed a questionnaire about WoS.

Results:

A total of 364 participants were included. In total, 55.5% presented with WoS and 44.5% without WoS during natalizumab treatment. Longitudinal analyses showed no association between sNfL and sGFAP levels and WoS at any timepoint. Biomarker levels at baseline did not predict first-time WoS occurrence.

Conclusion:

Acute and chronic neuronal and axonal damage are most likely not the underlying cause of WoS.
Analyzing the chaotic and stability behavior of a duffing oscillator excited by a sinusoidal external force
Authors: Abohamer MK , Amer TS , Arab A , Galal AA
Published: November 2024

This paper delves into the dynamical, chaotic, and stability aspects of the Duffing oscillator (DO) under sinusoidal external excitation, underscoring its relevance in various scientific and engineering applications. The DO, with its complex behavior, poses a significant challenge to our understanding. A unique perturbation technique, the multiple-scales (MS), is harnessed to tackle this challenge and enrich our knowledge. The analysis entails determining third-order expansions, exploring resonant cases, and factoring in the influence of viscous damping. The accuracy of the analytical solution is cross-validated with numerical results using the Runge–Kutta fourth-order (RK4). The paper also employs effective methods to assess the obtained results qualitatively. As a result, Visual figures, such as bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents’ spectra (LES), have been presented to illustrate diverse system motions and demonstrate Poincaré diagrams. Moreover, stability analysis has been investigated via resonance curves showing the stable and unstable regions. These aids facilitate our comprehension of the system’s complex behavior and its variations under different conditions. The results are elucidated through displayed curves, offering insights into the dynamics of the DO under sinusoidal excitation and damping effects. The influence of excitation and the quadratic parameter on bifurcation diagrams, LES, and Poincaré maps helps us understand the intricate behavior of nonlinear oscillatory systems, such as DO. The presented oscillator is a compelling example of elucidating the nonlinear behavior observed in numerous engineering and physics phenomena.
Thinking about prisons: A response to O’Flaherty, Sethi, and Murphy
Authors: Shelby Tommie
Published: November 2024

I provide a response to the commentaries on my book The Idea of Prison Abolition (2022) by Brendan O’Flaherty and Rajiv Sethi and by Colleen Murphy. With respect to the first commentary, I briefly discuss the comparison of US prisons to Norwegian prisons; the deterrent effect of well-crafted sentences; and the prospects of a world without prisons. In response to the second commentary, I argue that the methods of the scholar-activist and those of the analytic political philosopher are not incompatible with meaningful engagement and disagreement on the abolition-versus-reform question despite these methodological differences.
Racism and Redlining in the History of Psychiatric Policy and Practice in Atlanta: Implications for Nursing
Authors: Wofsy Avi , Smith Kylie M.
Published: November 2024

Recently, the Georgia state House of Representatives passed House Bill 1013, also called The Mental Health Parity Act. The bill sought to address access to and insurance coverage for mental health services, first identified in a report in 2020. The budget for mental health services was reduced by $8 m in 2020, despite an all-time high demand due to the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic. There is an increasing inability to secure mental health care in the state. Georgia is ranked 37th in the country for access to quality mental health care (Reinert, Fritze, and Nguyen, 2022) and half the counties in the state have no psychiatrist; the projected mental health workforce will be able to meet only 12% of consumer demand by 2025. Problems with mental health care in Georgia have a long history which intersects with the history of racism, geographical segregation, and policing. HB1013 does not consider any of this history in its recommendations, which barely include nursing. At the same time, policy and practice in Georgia continues to entangle nurses and other professionals with a carceral and punitive system which not only threatens the safety of patients, but also nurses themselves. Nurses need to understand this history if they hope to develop policy that will intervene in the mental health care crisis.
Contemporary Bridge to Heart Transplantation With Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Sharaf Omar M. , Azarrafiy Ryan , Jacobs Jeffrey P. , Peek Giles J. , Ahmed Mustafa M. , Parker Alex , Al-Ani Mohammad A. , Esseghir Feriel , Vilaro Juan , Aranda Juan , Bilgili Ahmet , Bleiweis Mark S. , Jeng Eric I.
Published: November 2024

Objective: In October 2018, the United Network for Organ Sharing changed their heart allocation criteria to prioritize patients on temporary mechanical circulatory support. This study assesses outcomes of patients bridged to orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) since this change. Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-center study of adults (≥18 years) supported with VA ECMO at the time of OHT (October 1, 2018, to December 31, 2021). The primary outcome was midterm survival. Results: During the study period, 117 patients underwent OHT including 52 adults ≥18 years (44%) and 65 children <18 years (56%). Among adults, 8 (15%) were supported with VA ECMO at the time of OHT and are included in this study; 75% were male ( n = 6), and the median age was 52.5 (interquartile range [IQR] = 23.5 to 57.25) years. Most patients were peripherally cannulated (75%, n = 6) and supported with an intra-aortic balloon pump during the pretransplant period (87.5%, n = 7). The median ECMO duration was 7 (IQR = 4.5 to 25.25) days. Three patients experienced complications on ECMO (37.5%), including thromboembolic bowel infarction (12.5%, n = 1) and bleeding requiring reintervention (25%, n = 2). All patients survived to discharge without posttransplantation complications and were alive at the latest follow-up. The median follow-up time was 24.8 (IQR = 19.5 to 28.2) months. Conclusions: Patients can be successfully bridged with VA ECMO directly to OHT with excellent midterm results. Key contributors to our outcomes include early extubation, use of bivalirudin over heparin, ambulation, and rehabilitation while on ECMO.
Comparative effectiveness and safety of escalating to triple therapy versus switching to dual bronchodilators after discontinuing LABA/ICS in patients with COPD: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Li-Wei , Lin Tzu-Chieh , Lin Tzu-Han , Liou Ying-Jay , Tsai Chen-Liang , Yang Kuang-Yao , Wang Meng-Ting
Published: November 2024

Background:

The latest guidelines discourage the use of long-acting beta2-agonists/inhaled corticosteroids (LABA/ICS) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the optimal subsequent treatment after discontinuing LABA/ICS.

Objectives:

To compare the effectiveness and safety of switching from LABA/ICS to triple therapy (LABA/long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA)/ICS) or to dual bronchodilators (LABA/LAMA) in COPD patients.

Design:

This was a new-user, active-comparator, and propensity score-matched cohort study analyzing the Taiwanese nationwide healthcare insurance claims.

Methods:

We recruited COPD patients switching from LABA/ICS to triple therapy or to dual bronchodilators from 2015 to 2019. The primary effectiveness outcome was the annual rate of exacerbations, and safety outcomes included severe pneumonia and all-cause mortality. Stratification by prior exacerbations was conducted.

Results:

After matching, each group comprised 1892 patients, 55% of whom experienced no exacerbations in the prior year. Treatment with LABA/LAMA/ICS versus LABA/LAMA showed comparable annual rate of moderate-to-severe exacerbations (incidence rate ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.91–1.19). However, switching to LABA/LAMA/ICS was associated with increased risks of severe pneumonia (hazard ratio (HR), 1.65; 95% CI, 1.30–2.09) and all-cause death (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.09–1.78). In patients with⩾2 prior exacerbations, LABA/LAMA/ICS versus LABA/LAMA was related to a 21% reduced rate of exacerbations but with a twofold increased pneumonia risk and a 49% elevated risk of all-cause mortality.

Conclusion:

Switching from LABA/ICS to triple therapy versus dual bronchodilators in COPD patients was associated with similar rates of annual exacerbations but was related to elevated risks of severe pneumonia and all-cause mortality. Among frequent exacerbators, triple therapy was associated with lower rates of exacerbation but was accompanied by increased risks of pneumonia and mortality compared to LABA/LAMA. Careful consideration of the examined safety events is necessary when switching from LABA/ICS to triple therapy in COPD management.
The evolution of the Pharmacovigilance department in the pharmaceutical industry: results of an Italian national survey
Authors: Stagi Lisa , Bocchi Ilenia , Bernardini Daniela , Ciappa Marika , Dellon Stefania , Castiglione Gian Nicola , Romano Silvia , Fabrizi Eros , Mattavelli Amanda , Grisoni Ilaria , Finizia Gabriella , Bonato Stefano
Published: November 2024

Background:

Pharmacovigilance (PV) is the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other medicine/vaccine-related problem. Since its inception in the 1960s, PV has undergone continuous evolution, progressing from a basic level mainly focused on the collection and analysis of cases in its earliest years to a complex system regulated by rigorous standards and laws with modern PV. In recent years, PV has faced the challenge of adapting to rapid scientific advancements, the complexity of the pharma industry, and the digital revolution. To better understand the current state and future developments of PV within pharma companies, the PV working group “Ernesto Montagna” of the Italian Society of Pharmaceutical Medicine (SIMeF ETS) conducted a national survey in Italy.

Objectives:

The main objective of this survey was to explore the current state and future developments of PV within Pharmaceutical Companies in Italy.

Design:

This study was designed as a national survey targeting members of the Italian Society of Pharmaceutical Medicine (SIMeF ETS).

Methods:

The survey utilized computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) technology to collect data from SIMeF members across affiliate and corporate companies, aiming to explore expectations for PV. A simplified version of the questionnaire was also sent to members of the Clinical Research and Medical Affairs (RICMA) and Real-World Evidence working groups of SIMeF to gather input from RICMA professionals regarding the role of PV in pharma companies.

Results:

The survey revealed that PV in pharma companies is undergoing a transformation, with the potential for greater strategic alignment with business objectives and stakeholder focus. However, there is still room for improvement, particularly in terms of perception within other company departments. It is evident that PV’s evolution has only just begun.

Conclusion:

A critical factor in the evolution of PV is the adoption of a holistic and comprehensive approach to activities and processes. Scientific associations such as SIMeF can play a valuable role in cultivating new skills and capabilities among PV professionals, assisting, and supporting this change.
Against decolonial reductionism: The impact of Latin American thinking on the data decolonization project
Authors: Milan Stefania , Treré Emiliano
Published: November 2024

This essay argues that Latin American scholarship and movement practice are key to understanding the dynamics of the datafied society and countering its inequities. Examining the sources of inspiration of a frontrunner seeking to decolonize the datafied society – the Big Data from the South Initiative ( BigDataSur) – we review Martín-Barbero's ontological shift from media to mediations, Freire's methodology centring individual agency and empowerment as a structural task of society, Mignolo's invite to take decoloniality as a praxis rather than merely an idea, Rodríguez's first-hand engagement with technology at the margins, Escobar's autonomous design for the pluriverse, and the critical ecology of eco-social movements. We engage with a new generation of Latin American thinkers who turn their gaze to core problems of today's systems of knowledge production, be they media or academia. Learning from these scholars, we warn against decolonial reductionism, namely the trend to evoke decolonial ideas and theories without fully committing to putting them into practice. We maintain that to decolonize datafication, we ought to also change how we generate knowledge about the datafied society. We outline three practical strategies that foster an open-ended dialogue on alternative approaches to datafication and scientific practice: multilingualism, public scholarship, and mentorship.
Short-term severe polyuria responsive to vasopressin after hypoglycaemia and hypotension in a domestic shorthair cat
Authors: Porcarelli Federica , Asorey Blazquez Carla , Valls Sanchez Ferran , Scarpante Elena , Stanzani Giacomo
Published: November 2024

Case summary

An 8-month-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat presented for acute vomiting. Abdominal ultrasound examination revealed a jejunal foreign body, which was removed via enterotomy. Preoperatively, the patient was hypoglycaemic and, intraoperatively, a dopamine infusion was required to maintain a mean arterial pressure >60 mmHg. Despite glucose supplementation, the cat remained severely hypoglycaemic on recovery. Within 24 h postoperatively, despite euglycaemia and normalisation of the cardiovascular status, the patient developed progressive polyuria (up to 14 ml/kg/h). This was associated with neurological signs suggestive of diffuse brain disease, and absence of azotaemia or signs of overhydration. During the first 4 days of hospitalisation, any attempts to decrease intravenous fluid therapy were associated with hypotension, weight loss and clinical dehydration. Urine specific gravity (USG) during this time was in the range of 1.005–1.010 and failed to increase during fluid challenges. A presumptive diagnosis of central diabetes insipidus was made, and desmopressin (1 µg/cat SC) was administered on day 5 of hospitalisation. Consequently, the cat’s urinary output decreased and his weight increased within 4 h. The patient required a total of four doses of desmopressin during hospitalisation, but no further doses since discharge. Urinary output on discharge was 3 ml/kg/h. Three months later, the cat’s neurological signs and polyuria had completely resolved, and the USG was >1.050.

Relevance and novel information

In this case, a presumptive diagnosis of central diabetes insipidus was supported by clinical progression, neurological signs and the response to desmopressin. To our knowledge, this is the first report of reversible diabetes insipidus after diffuse brain injury secondary to hypotension and hypoglycaemia.
Digital innovations in breast cancer care: exploring the potential and challenges of digital therapeutics and clinical decision support systems
Authors: Jacobs Flavia , D’Amico Saverio , Zazzetti Elena , Gaudio Mariangela , Benvenuti Chiara , Saltalamacchia Giuseppe , Gerosa Riccardo , Gentile Damiano , Lasagna Angioletta , Pedrazzoli Paolo , Tinterri Corrado , Santoro Armando , Sanctis Rita De , Porta Matteo Della , Zambelli Alberto
Published: November 2024

Modern healthcare is experiencing a significant transformation, utilizing technology to improve patient outcomes and make processes more efficient. Breast cancer, being the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally, requires innovative approaches for effective management. Digital Therapeutics (DTx) and Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) have emerged as pivotal technologies, offering personalized, patient-centered care and optimizing clinical decision-making. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the applications, benefits, and challenges of these digital tools in breast cancer treatment. We examine DTx tools’ ability to offer real-time symptom monitoring, treatment adherence, psychological support, and lifestyle modification guidance. Simultaneously, the role of CDSSs in providing personalized treatment recommendations, early detection, data analysis, and enhancing multidisciplinary collaborations is evaluated. The challenges of implementing these technologies, such as data privacy, interoperability, and accessibility are also discussed, along with potential solutions. By exploring the current research findings, the review underscores the significant impact of DTx and CDSSs on patient outcomes, treatment efficiency, and overall quality of life. This manuscript concludes with a forward-looking perspective, emphasizing the importance of collaborative efforts to overcome obstacles and unlock the full potential of digital innovations in breast cancer oncology. Our analysis suggests that adopting these digital tools can lead to more holistic, efficient, and patient-centric cancer care, marking a significant shift in the paradigm of breast cancer management.
Audio-Visual Interactions Between Music and the Natural Environment: Self-Reported Assessments and Measures of Facial Expressions
Authors: Franěk Marek , Petružálek Jan
Published: November 2024

The interaction between music and the environment has been widely investigated in various domains; however, the effects of music on the perception of outdoor environments have not been adequately examined. A better understanding of audio-visual interactions between music and the natural environment is important for music psychology, because the field is currently employing natural sounds, yet their pairing remains poorly understood. Furthermore, this understanding is vital for soundscape research, given that individuals are increasingly listening to music on headphones in natural settings. This has practical implications wherever music and the natural environment are paired. This study explored the audio-visual interaction between music and the perception of natural environments. Four types of natural images were presented based on their attractiveness/unattractiveness and visual openness/closedness. At the same time, the participants listened to sad or happy music. Both self-reported assessment data and data obtained through automated software analysis of emotional facial expressions represented in the form of emotional engagement were analyzed. The results showed that, compared to listening to sad music or no music, exposure to happy music resulted in an increase in self-reported environmental preference. However, sad music did not significantly decrease self-reported environmental preference or self-reported pleasant feelings compared to the control no-music condition. Analysis of the engagement in facial emotional expressions showed that sad music decreased engagement compared to the no-music condition in all types of environments; however, when listening to happy music, the participants’ engagement was lower in unattractive environments but not in attractive environments compared to when they did not listen to any music.
Direct Channel or Distribution Channel? The Role of Internet-Based Targeted Advertising With Vertical Differentiation in Distinct Channels
Authors: Jiang Zhao , Dan Wu , Huini Zhou
Published: November 2024

The selection of optimal channels is considered the critical marketing strategy for the firm. Effective vertical channel selection could induce distinct effects on the firm’s profit and social warfare by selecting a specific type of advertising. Otherwise, as the targeted population is quite different for the firm using mass or targeted advertising, this differentiation is becoming more significant for the population in the final marketing channel. Within the vertical differentiation model, the role of Internet-based targeted advertising on direct sales and distribution channels is studied. Compared to mass advertising, the firm using Internet-based targeted advertising in distinct channels can benefit the firm’s equilibrium profit by reducing advertising waste and enhancing the product’s price. The manufacturer might use Internet-based targeted advertising to control the total profit of the channel. Meanwhile, Internet-based targeted advertising might reduce the retailer’s and the entire channel’s profit. Otherwise, the targeting accuracy of the firm shows a bidirectional role in the firm’s equilibrium price in the direct channel. The firm’s equilibrium advertising level and profit might be reduced with the increasing targeting accuracy. The public department of the government needs to consider the potential risk of targeted advertising that might reduce the real benefits of distribution channels and harm the development of the market.
The Psychological Preparation of Patients for Amputation Surgery: A Narrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Loyal Sasha , Hanna Esmée
Published: November 2024

Amputation is a clinical intervention which can have substantial impacts on the patient’s quality of life and wellbeing, and the existing literature demonstrates how adjustment to amputation can be a long process for some patients. However, we know little about how patients are prepared psychologically or emotionally for undergoing amputation surgery. This paper examines the extant literature in relation to preparation for amputation surgery to explore the current knowledge and practices within this area. Through a narrative review ( n = 14 studies) we have generated three key themes related to the psychological preparation of patients for amputation surgery; “Emotionality in preparation for surgery,” “Information provision and support” and “The role of Health Care Professionals (HCPs) and the multidisciplinary team (MDT) in preparation for surgery.” The pre-amputation period is one of great emotion for patients, and information and support is often seen as lacking in relation to preparation. Healthcare professionals, and specifically the MDT were seen as central in helping facilitate the preparation of patients, including delivering the appropriate quality and quantity of information to patients. This review offers insights and direction into how better psychological preparation of the amputation patient could be considered and included in clinical care.
Ultrasound-Guided Needling Combined With High- or Low-Energy Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Versus Needling Alone for Calcified Rotator Cuff: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhang Hairui , Wang Yaxiong , Yang Jingjing , Zhao Zhiyao , Zhang Wei , Liu Xiaoning
Published: November 2024

Background:

Rotator cuff calcific tendinitis is a common shoulder joint disorder. Nonsurgical treatment methods, including multiple needling and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), can effectively treat calcific tendinitis.

Purpose:

To evaluate the clinical results and radiological outcomes of treatment with ultrasound-guided needling (UGN) alone versus UGN with high-energy ESWT (UGN-H) or UGN with low-energy ESWT (UGN-L) in patients with calcific tendinitis of the rotator cuff.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Outpatient records for patients with calcific tendinitis of the rotator cuff were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were grouped into those treated with UGN-H, UGN-L, or controls with UGN alone. The visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores, Constant-Murley scores, and radiographic evaluation to assess calcification size were available before treatment and at 3, 6, and 12 months after the first treatment. Post event pairwise analysis to analyze score differences between treatment groups was used.

Results:

Overall, 130 patients were included for analysis (42 UGN-H, 44 UGN-L, and 44 with UGN alone). At 3 months, the VAS scores were UGN-H (4.13 ± 0.84; P < .001) and UGN-L (4.47 ± 1.01; P < .001) which were significantly better than UGN alone (5.35 ± 1.00) in terms of the VAS score; however, the difference was not significant between UGN-H and UGN-L. These differences persisted at months 6 and 12 (6 months: UGN-H, 2.66 ± 1.00; P < .001; UGN-L, 3.16 ± 1.05; P = .033; 12 months: UGN-H, 1.93 ± 0.43; P < .001; UGN-L, 2.04 ± 0.46; P < .001). The results of the ASES and Constant-Murley scores were similar to those of the VAS score. In terms of radiographic outcome, follow-up at months 3, 6, and 12 revealed that UGN-H and UGN-L were superior to UGN alone at removing calcification (median 95% CI; 3 months: UGN-H, 1.4 mm2 [1.08, 7.25 mm2); P = .002; UGN-L, 5.79 mm2 (1.17, 7.85 mm2]; P = .041; 6 months: UGN-H, 0.91 mm2 [0, 1.15 mm2); P < .001; UGN-L, 1.13 mm2 [0.84, 5.10 mm2]; P < .001; 12 months: UGN-H, 0 mm2 [0, 0 mm2]; P < .001; UGN-L, 0 mm2 (0, 4.33 mm2]; P = .023). There was no significant difference between UGN-H and UGN-L at the month 3 follow-up, but the month 6 and 12 follow-ups revealed that UGN-H was more effective at removing calcification compared with UGN-L.

Conclusion:

The study demonstrated that, for pain relief and recovery of shoulder joint function, UGN + ESWT was significantly superior to UGN alone. No significant difference was observed between different energy levels of ESWT. UGN + ESWT was significantly superior to UGN alone on radiographic evaluation. Furthermore, UGN-H performed better radiographically with reducing calcifications compared with UGN-L at 12 months.
The Significance of Name-Based Racial Composition in Analyzing Neighborhood Disparities
Authors: Vachuska Karl
Published: November 2024

Contemporary sociological research emphasizes the need to analyze inequality beyond nominal categories. Although research has grown in this regard at the individual level, little research has pursued this approach with neighborhoods. This article explores how names can serve as a measure of the perceived typicality associated with race and how names are associated with neighborhood characteristics. Analyses on data with the names of over 300 million Americans demonstrate that name-based racial composition more fully explains socioeconomic disparities among neighborhoods than conventional survey-based racial composition metrics. Neighborhoods with the most Black-sounding names demonstrate greater socioeconomic disadvantage than neighborhoods with the most individuals self-identifying as Black. Additionally, naming patterns explain variation in socioeconomic inequality within both predominantly nominally Black neighborhoods and predominantly nominally White neighborhoods—where little nominal racial variation exists. This research suggests that infracategorical measures of race can provide additional predictive power to nominal measures of racial composition when analyzing neighborhood inequalities
Enhancing Dental Education: Impact of Remote Teaching on Dental Students’ Academic Performance in Orthodontics—A Pilot Study
Authors: Arponen Heidi , Rice David P. , Juuri Emma
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVE

Remote teaching strategies have been widely adapted in recent years but their impact on dental students' learning outcomes is less well understood. The aim of this mixed-method pilot study was to examine the impact of remote teaching on undergraduate dental student's learning outcome as assessed by examination performance and student feedback in an orthodontics course.

METHODS

Out of the lectures (19 in total), 10 were delivered remotely (live online lecture or video recording) and 9 as traditional classroom teaching in 2023. The course examination, completed by 47 of the 48 course participants, consisted of 38 single best answer multiple choice questions with 2 questions dedicated to each lecture topic.

RESULTS

The average lecture attendance was 83% of the students enrolled in the course. Statistical analysis revealed no significant association between examination scores and the mode of teaching or the mandatory nature of the lecture ( rs = −0.022, p = .897 and rs = −0.048, p = .773, respectively). However, individual students’ examination scores correlated positively with the frequency of lecture attendance ( rs = 0.416, p = .004). Students’ preferences were in favor of blended learning approach, although notable individual differences in opinions were observed in the feedback received.

CONCLUSION

The findings of this study support the hypothesis that remote teaching generates an equally good learning outcome in orthodontics as classroom lectures, as reflected by examination performance.
Development and Validation of the Perceived Entrepreneurship Skills Scale (PESS) for Adolescents
Authors: Nejatifar Sara , Sarami Paria , Hojjati Marziyeh , Abedi Ahmad
Published: November 2024

Entrepreneurship has traditionally been regarded as a skillset best suited for adults. However, recent research indicates that adolescents also possess entrepreneurial traits and may even exhibit higher levels of these skills than many adults. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Perceived Entrepreneurship Skills Scale (PESS) in adolescents. The study aimed to develop and validate the PESS in three phases. The first phase involved item generation and analysis, which resulted in the retention of 40 items ( n = 100 participants). In the second phase, exploratory factor analysis was conducted, revealing 8 factors that emerged from the analysis ( n = 233). In the third phase, the confirmatory factor analysis and validation of PESS were investigated with a sample of urban students in Iran, ranging from grade 7 to 12, with a total of 292 participants. The tool demonstrated good discriminant validity, indicating that it is an effective measure of perceived entrepreneurship skills in adolescents, and adequate convergent validity. The PESS has significant implications for researchers, school counselors and psychologists, policymakers, and stakeholders.
Clinical characteristics of allergic conjunctivitis in the Southern region of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: ALDhabaan Waleed , Ghulaysi Saleh , Alqahtani Albatool , Hurissi Eman , Alamri Manar M. , Alnami Almuhannad G. , Sumayli Ahmed H. , Dhamri Yahya A. , Mosleh Amani A. , Khawaji Ethar A. , Alshahrani Abdullah A. , Alfaifi Abdulsalam S. , Alghamdi Saja M.
Published: November 2024

Background:

Allergic conjunctivitis is a prevalent ocular condition characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva due to hypersensitivity reactions to various allergens. Understanding its epidemiology and clinical characteristics is crucial for effective management and public health interventions.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, triggers, and associated factors of allergic conjunctivitis among residents of the Southern region of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered through Google Forms. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS, including descriptive statistics and bivariable/multivariable analyses.

Results:

A total of 693 participants were recruited through convenience sampling via online platforms. Among the participants, 73.9% reported ocular symptoms, while 26.1% did not. Dust emerged as the most common trigger for ocular symptoms (32.9%), followed by eye drops/contact lenses (8.7%), animal dander (6.9%), and chemicals (5.8%). Notably, 39.7% reported experiencing ocular symptoms throughout the year. Despite the prevalence of ocular symptoms, only 26.7% consulted an ophthalmologist. Multivariable analysis revealed that gender and seasonal variation in symptoms were associated with allergic conjunctivitis diagnosis. Females showed a lower odds ratio (OR) of being diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis compared to males (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.29–1.31), and participants experiencing symptoms with no specific season had significantly lower odds of being diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.11–0.72). A history of allergic rhinitis demonstrated a strong positive association with allergic conjunctivitis diagnosis (OR: 3.77, 95% CI: 1.83–7.75).

Conclusion:

The study highlights the considerable burden of allergic conjunctivitis and the underutilization of healthcare services among affected individuals in the Southern region of Saudi Arabia. Tailored interventions and increased awareness are essential for effective management and mitigation of allergic conjunctivitis’s impact on affected individuals and healthcare systems.
Characterisation of phosphorus deportment in ferromanganese oxide ores – Implications for P removal
Authors: Peterson M. J. , Hapugoda S. , Manuel J. R.
Published: November 2024

Characterisation of six supergene ferromanganese ore samples revealed that P was hosted by several different Fe and Mn oxides. Goethite had the highest (up to >1% or higher) and highest mean (up to 0.32%) P contents, then cryptomelane-hollandite (mean up to 0.12% P) and nsutite-pyrolusite (mean up to 0.14% P). When present in the same sample, nsutite had a higher mean P content than pyrolusite. Phosphate minerals were not detected in the samples. P deportment was variable with deposit, deposit type and within individual mineral grains. EPMA showed that P content is elevated in cryptomelane with higher Mn/(Fe + Al + Si) ratios and in todorokite with lower Mn/(Fe + Al + Si) ratios. The results show that higher phosphorus supergene ferromanganese ores with considerable cryptomelane and nsutite contents are likely to have multi-phase Fe-P and Mn-P deportment. The propensity for very fine-scale intergrowths of goethite and Mn oxides ± aluminosilicates in some ore types means that reliable characterisation of P deportment is critical in informing potential P-reduction pathways for ferroalloy feedstocks. P was most probably incorporated into Mn oxides via near-surface adsorption via complexation with cations such as Ca or Mg in todorokite, but the presence of structural P cannot be precluded in cryptomelane and nsutite.
Alternative micro-regeneration strategies for urban villages in China? Social entrepreneurship-based artistic intervention in Aohu Village in Shenzhen
Authors: Tan Xiaohong
Published: November 2024

Recent shifts in China’s urban village regeneration strategies have transitioned from comprehensive, large-scale redevelopment to nuanced, incremental micro-regenerations, incorporating artistic interventions as a dynamic mechanism for fostering urban governance innovation. This paper examines the transformative impact of social entrepreneurship based artistic intervention within the micro-regeneration of urban villages, particularly through a case study of Aohu Village in Shenzhen. It highlights how a local artist and villager catalyzed the village’s bottom-up regeneration by mobilizing his social networks to attract artists and organize art events, significantly boosting Aohu Art Village’s profile and contributing to social innovation. This approach not only drew attention from local government but also demonstrated the potent influence of artistic intervention on neighborhood regeneration and local governance. Unlike conventional, top-down planned art villages, Aohu retains its original community fabric through community-led regeneration while also addressing challenges such as rising rents and potential displacement of artists. The case study of Aohu Art Village illustrates the critical role of social entrepreneurship in urban village regeneration, emphasizing the necessity of a balanced understanding of artistic intervention, community engagement, and sustainable urban regeneration in China’s evolving urban landscape.
RSSDI Expert Consensus for Optimal Glucose Monitoring in Diabetes Mellitus in India and Recommendations for Clinical Practice
Authors: Makkar Brij Mohan , Agarwal Sanjay , Seshadri Krishna G. , Kesavadev Jothydev , Chawla Manoj , Saboo Banshi
Published: November 2024

Effective management of diabetes warrants accurate and regular monitoring of glucose levels to prevent serious diabetes-associated complications and long-term health consequences. Hence, achieving target glucose levels and maintaining adequate glycemic control is essential in diabetes to prevent episodes of hypoglycemia. Multiple glucose monitoring tools have been developed over time, each with differing degrees of precision, convenience, and real-time input. The management of diabetes has been considerably improved by using these various glucose monitoring devices, both in terms of treatment outcomes and patient quality of life. However, in India, the lack of awareness, patient education, availability, and affordability of glucose monitoring devices poses a significant concern resulting in poor adherence to glucose monitoring and low medication adherence thereby increasing disease burden. Consequently, there is an urgent need for healthcare professionals and policymakers in India to collaborate and address the challenges associated with glucose monitoring in patients with diabetes, while also providing recommendations to overcome these concerns. This recommendation article offers a comprehensive evaluation of various glucose monitoring tools available for use by patients suffering from different types of diabetes, explores the challenges associated with glucose monitoring in India, and also presents expert panel recommendations to enhance diabetes management effectively.