bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The duration dilemma in opioid agonist therapy
Authors: Dhanda, MD Anjali , Salsitz, MD, DFASAM Edwin A.
Published: October 2021

Objective: Studies dating back to 1964 consistently support the effectiveness of methadone as a maintenance treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD), and since 2003, the effectiveness of buprenorphine. Short-term detoxification has not proven to be an effective treatment, as it results in high relapse rates when compared with maintenance treatment with an opioid agonist therapy (OAT). The question about the duration of maintenance treatment for OUD has been debated with recommendations ranging from a minimum of 1 year, 2 years, to indefinitely. Other factors such as misconceptions, regulations, and insurance barriers also have an impact on the duration dilemma of OAT.Design: There were no a priori criteria for article inclusion and this is not a structured literature review. It is a review of articles of convenience from 1964 to 2018.Main outcome measure: This paper aims to address the dilemma of the ideal duration of OAT and to discuss the factors that could affect this decision.Results: Sustained OAT has had significantly better long-term outcomes than short-term detoxification or time limited maintenance. Optimal outcomes are dependent on adequate treatment duration.Conclusions: Addiction is a chronic brain disease and its treatment should be similar to the treatment of other chronic medical and psychiatric diseases. Long-term, sometimes lifetime, continuation of OAT for the treatment of OUD results in optimal outcomes when measuring morbidity and mortality. The accumulated evidence does not support any arbitrary limitation to the duration of OAT.
Worklife and Unemployment: A New Consideration
Authors: Rosenbaum David I. , Jayanetti Kalana
Published: October 2021

Do traditional two-state worklife estimates need adjustment for unemployment? To answer, an augmented three-state model classifies individuals as either 1) employed; 2) unemployed; or 3) inactive but not marginally attached. Periods of unemployment may reduce worklives; however, removal of those marginally attached or discouraged from the inactive state raises worklives. The three-state model results are compared to worklife estimates from the same initial data using the traditional two-state model. Results show that in many cases, the two-state model results are a good proxy for the three-state results that control for unemployment.
A DECONSTRUCTION OF THE TRADITIONAL BUNGA TERUNG TATTOO AND THE SEQUENCE OF ITS APPLICATION AMONG IBAN MEN FROM JULAU, SARAWAK, SUNGAI UTIK AND SUNGAI SADAP PUTUSSIBAU INDONESIA.
Authors: Anak Jumpo Sonny , Bebit Mohammad Puad
Published: October 2021

Bunga terung is a symbol synonymous with the Iban ethnic group in Borneo. This study is aimed to deconstruct the bunga terung based on Ferdinand de Saussure’s Linguistic Unit comprising of Sign, Signified and Signifier. In Sarawak, the bunga terung is worn by Iban men who have attained puberty to signify entry into adulthood. There are varying practices on the sequence of application of the bunga terung between the Iban of Sarawak and Kalimantan. An interesting observation regarding the sequence is the time the bunga terung is worn. In Sarawak, the isi ginti (fish hook) tattoo is worn first – pre-puberty, followed by the bunga terung, and the pantang rekung leher (neck tattoo) before other tattoos for the back and the legs. In Kalimantan, the bunga terung is not worn if the Iban male has not gone berjalai. This study discusses two findings; the significance of the bunga terung; and the sequence of its application on the Iban men from Sarawak.
HAD-HAD PERUBAHAN BOLEH DITERIMA DALAM PELANCONGAN : SATU TINJAUAN TEORI DAN KONSEPTUAL
Authors: Yusoh Mohamad Pirdaus , Mapjabil Jabil , Hanafi Nurhazliyana
Published: October 2021

Had perubahan boleh diterima (Limits of acceptable change - LAC) dalam pelancongan adalah satu metod dalam menentukan tahap perubahan yang mampu ditampung di sesebuah destinasi pelancongan. Pada Januari 1985, LAC diterbitkan oleh Forest Service dan dilaksanakan buat kali pertama pada 1 April 1987 terhadap kompleks hutan belantara Bob Marshall. Pada mulanya, konsep ini direka untuk diaplikasikan dalam sistem hutan belantara Amerika Syarikat bagi pengurusan yang lebih baik berikutan peningkatan permintaan serta kesan daripada pendaki dan backpacker. Proses ini menilai kesan yang berlaku semasa aktiviti, mengukur perubahan yang akan diterima, memantau apa yang berlaku secara sistematik dan teratur dan menentukan  tindakan yang sesuai dan dipersetujui oleh beberapa pihak berkepentingan selepas perbincangan. LAC berbeza dengan kapasiti daya tampung (caryying capacity) kerana konsep kapasiti daya tampung itu sendiri hanya memfokuskan kepada perspektif biofizikal manakala LAC lebih menggalakkan perbincangan, menimbulkan pendapat dan cadangan daripada orang awam dan pihak pengurusan. Ia dianggap sistem yang terbaik dalam menyelesaikan sesuatu isu di lokasi pelancongan. Justeru, artikel ini akan meneliti konsep dan langkah-langkah dalam menyelesaikan isu berdasarkan sistem LAC ini.

 

Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) in tourism is a method in determining the level of change that can be accommodated in a tourist destination. In January 1985, the LAC was issued by the Forest Service and was first implemented on April 1, 1987 on the Bob Marshall wilderness complex. Initially, it was designed to be applied in the United States wilderness system for better management following increased demand and impact from climbers and backpackers. This process assesses the impact that occurs during the activity, measures the changes that will be received, monitors what is happening systematically and determines the appropriate action and agreed by several stakeholders after discussion. LAC differs from caryying capacity because the concept of carrying capacity itself only focuses on biophysical perspectives while LAC is more encouraging discussion, raising opinions and suggestions from the public and management. It is considered the best system in resolving an issue at a tourist location. Thus, this paper will examine the concepts and steps in resolving issues based on this LAC system.
Overview of Current After School - OST STEM Programs for Girls
Authors: Gecu-Parmaksiz Zeynep , Hughes Janette , Butler-Ulrich Tess
Published: October 2021

Historically, there has been a gender gap within the STEM pipeline, resulting in the underrepresentation of women in STEM fields. Current efforts, both within and outside of educational institutions, have been developed to target girlsâ€™ specific needs with the aim of supporting girls' interest and engagement in STEM. The following paper examines the social and cultural factors that perpetuate the gender gap in STEM. It also provides a review and critique of six existing Canadian Out of School Time (OST) STEM programs and the principles used in their development and implementation. Conclusions from this review suggest that OST programs, when developed using best practices, may play a crucial role in encouraging girls to pursue a STEM career. Four primary best practices include: social and collaborative learning, topics related to girls' interests, development of STEM identity, and length of the program (for example, programs done over a longer period of time are generally more effective than programs completed over a shorter duration). Although the COVID-19 pandemic has caused some of these programs to migrate online, these four promising practices transcend face-to-face versus online boundaries. As a result, programs should continue to follow these pedagogical approaches to foster girls' interests in STEM.

Keywords: gender inequality, out of school time programs, social learning, STEM education, STEM programming
The knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of health care professionals at the Mahalapye District Hospital about the World Spine Care model in the Central District of Botswana
Authors:   , Chihambakwe Mufudzi
Published: October 2021

Background: The World Spine Care (WSC) is a non-governmental organization that provides evidence-based spinal care to underserved communities around the world. The WSC opened a clinic in the Mahalapye District Hospital (MDH) in 2011 (Haldeman et al., 2015:2304). The WSC aims for long term presence in Botswana. They will require ‘buy in’ from the local community including the health care professionals of the region. Little is known about how WSC has been received by other health care professionals in the settings where they are present. Hence, this study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of health care professionals working at the MDH about the WSC. Method: A qualitative exploratory descriptive study was conducted using semi-structured interviews. Twenty health care professionals were interviewed at the Mahalapye District Hospital to ascertain their levels of knowledge, attitudes and perceptions. The interviews were semi- structured and conducted in English and later transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were then analyzed using the thematic analysis described by Graneheim and Lundman (2003:105). Thereafter codes, categories and themes were formed. Results: A variety of health care professionals from different departments were interviewed. Three overarching themes emerged from the data: knowledge of WSC and the management of spinal related disorders at the MDH, the perceived role of WSC, challenges to integration and possible solutions. The HCPs had varying levels of knowledge of the WSC depending on the amount of interaction they had with WSC. Some HCPs who had greater inter-professional interaction with WSC displayed more positive attitudes towards WSC. Many of the HCPs had a positive perception of the WSC though they were not confident in their knowledge of the WSC scope of practice which has limited referral by HCPs WSC. This is mainly due to an unclear referral pathway within the hospital and limited knowledge of WSC’s scope of practice. Increased awareness and an improved system of referral was a strong recommendation made. Many mentioned an unclear referral pathway for their patients. Those who had interacted with WSC generally had pleasant personal interactions with the WSC. Several of the HCPs had themselves been patients of the WSC. Most HCPs felt that WSC was beneficial to patients and made suggestions for WSC to expand to other centres across Botswana. Conclusion: Overall there was a positive perception of WSC however more effort to increase knowledge of what WSC offers and how it can be integrated into the hospital is necessary. Future studies should assess the perceptions of patients as well as knowledge and attitudes of HCPs towards WSC at other sites.
The concurrent validity of an isiZulu Bournemouth Questionnaire in comparison to its English original
Authors:   , Nkwelo Khabonina
Published: October 2021

Aim The aim of this study was to determine the concurrent validity of an isiZulu Bournemouth Questionnaire in comparison to its English counterpart. Methodology This quantitative correlational study compared the isiZulu version of the Bournemouth Questionnaire to its English counterpart, (consisting of three sections: back, neck and musculoskeletal). The study employed a design where subjects were compared to themselves. A sample of 120 volunteers over the age of 18 years, who were literate in both English and isiZulu took part in the study. Whether the participant was symptomatic or asymptomatic was not of concern. Using a randomised list, the participants were administered one of the two versions of the questionnaire to be completed first, the second and alternate questionnaire was administered after an interval of at least 20 minutes. Results Of 120 paired questionnaires, 107 completed pairs were returned, resulting in a response rate of 89.2%. Results, using Cronbach-α (α= 0.05) with subsequent testing using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity, revealed that the questionnaires, in toto, had high levels of correlation. The relationship between the isiZulu and the English questions revealed a positive and high correlation using Kendall’s tau-b which was statistically significant (τb > 0.55, p = 0.000), although there were isolated instances of statistical difference between individual pairs of questions in respect to age, gender, site, primary language and level of education. Conclusions The study found that the isiZulu version of the Bournemouth Questionnaire showed concurrent validity with its English counterpart, and recommendations were made for the clinical application of the isiZulu version as a means of refining the interpretation of disjunct question pairs.
Knowledge, perceptions and experiences of nurses towards family centred care in adult intensive care units
Authors:   , Ngcobo Andile
Published: October 2021

Aim and objectives: To explore and describe the knowledge, perceptions and experiences of nurses towards family centered care in adult ICUs. Background: Promoting quality patient care and family satisfaction is a current trend in health care systems. In addition, the identification of family needs has been used as a means to measure quality patient care in intensive care units (ICUs). Evidence shows that family centred care (FCC) is an essential approach to promote quality patient care through the recognition of family needs. Admission to an ICU creates increased stress levels for the patient and family members, thus nurses’ knowledge, skills and experiences are crucial during this time of a family crisis. Nurses in ICU are in the best position as critical bedside nurses to assess and evaluate strategies that can be used to minimise and prevent stressors that are caused by the critical illnesses and the ICU environment. Design: An exploratory descriptive qualitative design was used. Method: The study was conducted in a district and academic tertiary public hospital based in KwaZulu Natal. This hospital provides health care services to a diverse and cross cultural population. Two ICUs were used for data collection, namely, a surgical and a medical ICU. Nine nurses were purposively recruited from the two adult intensive care units. Data was collected using in-depth interviews with the assistance of an interview guide and audio recording. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data. Results: Findings of this study indicated that nurses have an accurate and correct knowledge on the concept of FCC, thus identifying and recognising their roles and responsibilities with respect to the components that enhance FCC. However their perceptions towards facilitating family involvement in nursing care activities as part of FCC, revealed discrepancies due to mentioned factors that cause a hindrance in family involvement. Participants’ experiences has been shown to be positive in relation to family presence in ICUs, however findings indicated that participants restricted family visitation in adult ICUs is based on the existing policy pertaining to family visitation in ICUs. Consequently, nurses noted the great contribution a family makes towards patients’ well being in an ICU. Conclusion: The study findings showed that nurses in the selected ICUs require skills and training on the strategies that can be used to enhance and promote active family involvement in relation to nursing care activities in adult ICUs. Relevance to clinical practice: Training and further research for nurses has been proposed so as to better equip and encourage nurses with the necessary knowledge and skills required to improve family nursing in adult ICUs. In addition, the ICU environment including management, infrastructure and policy development can be adopted to allow such changes. Hence, nurses would need guidelines to be able to practice evidence based practices.
FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KADAR CHOLINESTERASE DARAH PEKERJA BAGIAN PENYEMPROTAN PT. ANGLO EASTERN PLANTIONS
Authors: Siregar Dian Maya Sari
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

The spraying process is a condition where workers are very likely to be exposed to toxic chemicals contained in pesticides. Problems encountered in the field, workers do not spray with the correct method and do not use a complete PPE. The danger that can occur when spraying is a disturbance in the enzyme Cholinesterase (CHE) in the blood. CHE is an enzyme that is in the body's tissues has a role to keep nerve cells, muscles and glands working properly. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to CHE levels in spraying workers. The research design used analytical research with cross sectional approach. The population was 30 spraying workers. The sampling technique used a total population of 30 people. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis tested by Fisher Exact Test statistical test. Data obtained by questionnaire and examination of CHE levels through blood samples. The results with bivariate analysis revealed p-value of each variable, namely age .143>.05, gender 1,000>.05, education level .374>.05, years of service .071>.05, duration of exposure .02<.05, spraying method 0,000<.05, the last spraying time was .210>.05 and PPE .001 <.05. The conclusion shows that there is a relationship between the length of exposure to pesticides, how to spray and PPE with CHE levels.

Keywords: Related Factors, Cholinesterase Levels, Spraying Workers
ANALISIS KETERKAITAN PERILAKU ORANGTUA TENTANG SERIBU HARI PERTAMA KEHIDUPAN DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS DESA LAMA
Authors: Purba Agnes
Published: October 2021

Kejadian stuntingmasih terdapat di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Desa Lama. Stunting ini berkaitan dengan perilaku orangtua tentang seribu hari pertama kehidupan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui analisis keterkaitan perilaku orangtua tentang seribu hari pertama kehidupan dengan kejadian stunting di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Desa Lama.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian survei analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu yang memiliki anak usia 2 tahun di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Desa Lama yang berjumlah 143 orang dan sampel berjumlah 59 orang. Pengumpulan data dengan data  primer dan sekunder dan dianalisis dengan uji statistikchi Squaredengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%.Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa perilaku orangtua tentang seribu hari pertama kehidupan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Desa Lamamayoritas denganperilaku tidak baiksebesar 50,8%, kejadian stunting di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Desa Lama sebesar 40,7% dan terdapatketerkaitanperilaku orangtua tentang seribu hari pertama kehidupan dengan kejadian stunting di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Desa Lama. Disarankan kepada ibu di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Desa Lama perlu meningkatkan penerapan perilaku orangtua tentang seribu hari pertama kehidupan dan kepada tenaga kesehatan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Desa Lama perlu meningkatkan pemahaman ibu tentang pentingnya penerapan perilaku orangtua tentang seribu hari pertama kehidupan untuk mencegah kejadian stunting.
SELECTION OF VARIETIES OF VEGETABLES FOR DRYING
Karimova D.Z.
Authors: Karimova D.Z. , Akramov U.I.
Published: October 2021

This article discusses the choice of varieties of vegetable crops for drying in the Khorezm region.
TECHNOLOGY OF ISOLATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES FROM MAKHALI CORN GRAIN
Authors: Akhmedova Sh.I. , Sotimov Ғ.B.
Published: October 2021

Research has been carried out to obtain oil from corn grown in the Khorezm region. The amount of protein, oil, starch and fiber in the composition of corn grains has been determined. Optimal indicators of the technology for obtaining corn oil by extraction with ethyl alcohol have been determined. The amount of oil in grain and corn germ has been studied. Ethanol seed oil separation is exploring the advantages of the wet process.
Feasibility Study of Biogas Production from Miscanthus Biomass in
the Tavoush Region
Authors: Markosyan D. Z.
Published: October 2021

This study aims to assess the economic feasibility of biogas production from the biomass of Miscanthus Giganteus. Three scenarios have been applied based on its productivity and stand’s life. The breakeven prices per tonne for each scenario were calculated and sensitivity analysis was conducted with respect to various factors. Afterward, the cost per gigajoule was calculated and compared to Natural Gas. The cost per gigajoule of Miscanthus ranges from 920-3033 AMD based on the sensitivity results, hence it can be quite cheap alternative depending on the yield, discount rates and rhizome costs.
Financial Feasibility of Sugar-Free Medium-Scale Dry Fruit
Production: a Hypothetical Business Model
Authors: Martirosyan A.E. , Markosyan D.Z.
Published: October 2021

This article studies the financial feasibility of a medium-scale business model operating in dry fruit processing sector, which can also provide an economic insight for those who want to transform the substantial fruit processing into a well-performing business enterprise. To evaluate how viable the business is, the main capital budgeting techniques have been applied. The financial model shows that the business is profitable with positive net present value, profitability index equal to 1.20, payback period of 4.3 years and internal rate of return (IRR) greater than the weighted average cost of capital.
Selection of Endemic Lactic Acid Bacteria for Lactose-Free
Milk Production
Authors: Chitchyan K.V. , Verdyan A.A.
Published: October 2021

The β-galactosidase activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional lactic acid product matzoon was studied. It has been shown that some endemic lactic acid bacteria isolated from the matzoon samples produced from cow milk have β-galactosidase activity. Three Strains have been selected out of 370 studied lactic acid bacteria.
β-galactosidase is of great practical importance and is also used for the production of glucose-galactose syrups, sweeteners, as well as for obtaining lactose-free milk and whey processing during waste disposal.
INCOME PATTERNS AND DETERMINANTS OF RURAL POVERTY IN TWO DISTRICTS OF SINDH.
Authors: Ram Nanik , Ansari Altaf Hussain
Published: October 2021

This research explores income patterns and determinants of rural poverty in Sindh province. The Data were collected from 300 households from two districts i.e. Khairpur, and Thatta of Sindh Pakistan by using the simple random technique; a structural questionnaire was design as an instrument tool for measuring the poverty determinants and income patterns. The households are classified into three groups i.e. A, B and C. Group A and B are below subsistence holding and group C is related to subsistence holding and, all the households were engaged in farm production . It was revealed that the average size of farm A group is 7.2 acres but the grower cultivates average area 4.5 acres and the remaining 2.7 acres are not cultivated by them due to deficiency of water. In the same way, the grower of group B cultivates 7.475 acres instead of 11.5 acres and grower of C group cultivates 16.56 acres in place of 27.6 acres. The surveyed data of district Khairpur describes that the average size of farm of group A is 7.47 acres but each grower average cultivates 4.78 acres and the remaining 2.69 acres are uncultivated. Similarly, the grower of B group cultivates 7.462 acres instead of 11.9 acres and the grower of C group brings 17.4 acres under cultivation in place of 29 acres. The surveyed data of both districts clearly indicate that the income of all growers is low because they do not bring all land under cultivation. The surveyed data has further pointed out that 50% households are below the official poverty line, 33.33% households are just above poverty line and 16.67% well above official poverty line. The group C is in a better position to provide health, education etc facilities to their family members.
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW SERVICES IN SMALLER ORGANISATIONS: THEY DO JUST HAPPEN
Authors: Gottfridsson Patrik
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study is to investigate how new services are actually developed in real life in small companies. Although conventional models of service development emphasise the importance of formal and structured processes, it is unclear whether most service development really is conducted in this way, and whether these formal models might merely represent theoretical structures that have been retrospectively imposed on the actual process. In particular, it is unclear whether the conventional view of formal and structured processes is applicable to smaller organisations with fewer employees. The present study therefore presents the findings from in-depth case studies of service development in eleven small Swedish companies. The study concludes that that it is difficult to identify any clear intention to pursue formal development processes in the companies studied here. Rather, service development could generally be described as ‘unstructured’ in all phases (planning, development, and market launch). Moreover, these phases overlap and impinge on one another in a flexible, unstructured, and informal manner. The study examines and explains the reasons for this generally unstructured approach to service development in smaller firms.
LEADERSHIP BEHAVIORAL TAXONOMIES IN UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Mangi Riaz Ahmed , Abidi Asad Raza , Soomro Hasan Jawad , Ghumro Ikhtiar Ali , Jalbani Amanat Ali
Published: October 2021

The study was intended to recognize and replicate the Yukl’s (1989-2004) behavioral taxonomies in the university settings in Sindh. A comprehensive questionnaire based on the items in taxonomies was developed, face validity of the questionnaire was test and found suitable. A total of 90 university Deans and head of Departments were randomly selected from public and private universities of Sindh. Categorical reliability of the data was checked and found highly reliable. The majority of the respondents were male, post graduate, above 50 years of age, married and had more than 15 years of experience. The statistical analysis describes the typical Sindhi culture among the respondents. A large number of university leadership focused on the relation as compared to task and change at the universities. This research also supports partial replication of three dimensions i.e., Relation, Task and Change as Yukl’s behavioral taxonomies with first order factor analysis. Relation factor was replicated completely, while other two were replicated in two different facets each i.e., Change was replicated in two facets – Improvement and Process and Task was also replicated in two facets – Improvement and Process. Making a second order factor analysis assured these two factors were replicated completely.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT AND EMPLOYMENT IN JACOBABAD- SINDH-PAKISTAN
Authors: Hashmi Muhammad Aamir , Soomro Hassan Jawad , Shah Asif Ali , Naqvi Syed Abir Hassan , SHAIKH FAIZ.M.
Published: October 2021

This research investigates the entrepreneurship development and employment in Jacobabad. Data were collected from 2000 respondents from Jacobabad and their vicinity. A structural questionnaire was developed for the reliability and validity of the data. It was revealed that Jacobabad is facing unemployment problems like other states of Pakistan. The number of population increases every year but the state government cannot provide jobs to all the citizens. Unemployment gives different negative impact to the state economy in particular and the country economy in general. However, government had taken up various measures to reduce unemployment problems but it increases rather than minimising it. It was further revealed that only 3.13 percent out of total population who got employment in the state private and public sectors. This shows that the total number of employments in the state is very less. The result may be due to various factors but it is clearly concluded that the getting employment in Jacobabad- Sindh-Pakistan is a problematic issue that hinder the growth of state economy.
EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL GROWTH
Authors: Obisi Chris
Published: October 2021

Organizational performance and its resultant efficiency and effectiveness can only be achieved when individuals are continuously appraised and evaluated. The inability of organization to install an effective performance appraisal strategy has hindered them from achieving competitive advantage which they require more now than ever before. Appraisal processes are not systematic and regular and often characterized by personal influences occasioned by organizations preoccupation to use confidential appraisal system which hinders objectivity and fairness. Often organizations ignore management by objectives, critical incidents to personal prejudices. This is retrogressive as it affects the overall performance of the individual. 360 degrees appraisal method whereby superiors and the appraise their subordinates, subordinates appraise their superior and the appraisee appraise himself or herself and the average of all the appraisal taken to arrive at the final appraisal outcome should be now be considered by organizations. Also post appraisal counseling whereby the appraisal outcomes are analyzed to explain strengths and weaknesses and set agenda for better future performance. Organizations should stop giving less attention to the evaluation of their employees and recognize that organizational training needs can only be identified from performance appraisal outcomes. It is an invaluable tool but in the hands of human resource management officers to continuously evaluates and audits the performance of its employees in other to help organizations win competitive advantage.
EFFECTIVE MARKET SEGMENTATION AND VIABILITY OF ISLAMIC BANKING IN NIGERIA
Authors: Mawoli Mohammed Abubakar , Abdulsalam Dauda
Published: October 2021

Islamic banking has become a global phenomenon as both Islamic and western countries have embraced it. However, the move by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) to introduce Islamic Banking in Nigeria was met with many criticisms, especially from the Non-Muslims. As a divorce from subjective criticisms typical of religious opponents’ discussions, the study examined the viability of Islamic banking in Nigeria using market segmentation criteria. Being a library research, secondary data was obtained from various secondary sources and analyzed descriptively. The study found that, the targeted Muslim segment is substantial, identifiable, measurable, accessible and reliable. Hence, the study concludes that the introduction of Islamic banking in Nigeria is worthwhile and the future of Islamic banks in the country is bright and prosperous. The study, therefore, recommends that though Islamic banking has come to stay, Muslims and non-Muslims should support its establishment as all citizens irrespective of religious affiliation are likely to benefit from it.
RURAL INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: A TIME-SERIES EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN (1981-2010)
Authors: Ahmad Rao Ishtiaq , Malik Shahnawaz
Published: October 2021

Main purpose of this study is to find out the role of rural infrastructural development on economic growth of Pakistan. It has been hypothesized that rural infrastructural development has significant positive role for enhancement of economic growth. For the purpose of investigation we utilize such a model which may reflect the steady-state equilibrium differences in a Barro-type framework consisting of Solow type sets of variables and allow conditional convergence. On the basis of time series data set of Pakistan from 1981 to 2010, we employ OLS methodology so as to measure the impact of rural infrastructural development on economic growth of Pakistan. In view of limitations regarding categorization of data on regional basis, we use developmental public expenditures in rural areas as a proxy for rural infrastructural development. After analysis, we are of the view that rural infrastructural development has a positive role for economic growth of Pakistan, however, its role has found to be less significant in comparison to capital and labour as determinants of economic growth.
WOMEN ENTREPRENUER, CHALLENGES IN BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT AND EMPLOYMENT IN KHAIRPUR MIRS- SINDH-PAKISTAN
Authors: Bhatti Nadeem , Memon Muhammad Aslam , SHAH AISHA BASHIR , Shaikh Faiz M.
Published: October 2021

This research investigates the entrepreneurship development and employment in Khairpur Mirs. Data were collected from 2000 respondents from Khairpur Mirs and their vicinity. A structural questionnaire was developed for the reliability and validity of the data. It was revealed that Khairpur Mirs is facing unemployment problems like other states of Pakistan. The number of population increases every year but the state government cannot provide jobs to all the citizens. Unemployment gives different negative impact to the state economy in particular and the country economy in general. However, government had taken up various measures to reduce unemployment problems but it increases rather than minimising it. It was further revealed that only 3.13 percent out of total population who got employment in the state private and public sectors. This shows that the total number of employments in the state is very less. The result may be due to various factors but it is clearly concluded that the getting employment in Khairpur Mirs- Sindh-Pakistan is a problematic issue that hinder the growth of state economy.
Türkiye’deki Fen Bilimleri Öğretmenliği Programlarının Genel Durumlarının ve Atama Sayılarının İncelenmesi
Authors: TAFLI Tuğba
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’deki Eğitim Fakülteleri’nde bulunan Fen Bilimleri Öğretmenliği programlarının son 5 yıldaki genel durumunun incelenmesidir. Çalışmada doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılmış olup, 2016-2020 yıllarına ait ÖSYM tarafından ilan edilen ilk yerleştirme ve ek yerleştirme sonuçlarına göre; fen bilgisi öğretmenliği, biyoloji öğretmenliği, fizik öğretmenliği ve kimya öğretmenliği bölümlerine ilişkin; hangi üniversitelerde bulunduğu, genel kontenjan sayıları , Yükseköğretim Kurumları Sınavı (YKS) sonuçlarına göre bu programlara yerleştirilen öğrenci sayıları ile her üniversite bazındaki doluluk oranları yıllara göre ayrı ayrı hesaplanarak ortaya konmuştur. Çalışmada ayrıca Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB) tarafından fen bilimleri öğretmenliklerine yönelik yapılan öğretmen atama sayıları da yine aynı yıllar ile sınırlandırılarak incelenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda üniversitelerdeki fen bilimleri öğretmenliklerinin genel kontenjan sayılarında son 5 yıl içerisinde oldukça fazla oranda azalma olduğu görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin üniversiteye giriş sınavı sonuçlarına göre ilgili programların doluluk oranları incelendiğinde ise tüm branşlarda 2016 yılında %100 oranına sahipken; 2017 yılından sonra uygulamaya konulan üniversite sınav sonucundaki başarı sıralaması şartı ile birlikte 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında ilgili programlara yerleşen öğrencilerin doluluk oranlarında düşüş yaşanmıştır. Doluluk oranlarındaki azalmaya bağlı olarak kontenjan sayıları da azaltılan her bir programda 2019 yılında doluluk oranı yeniden artma eğilimine geçerken 2020 yılı itibari ile yeniden tam kapasite doluluk oranına ulaştığı görülmüştür.
Synchronous HPV positive bilateral palatine tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma – Brief review of current literature on the role of magnetic resonance imaging
Authors:   Fellow, Department of Radiology, George Washington University and Hospital, Washington DC, USA, Arora Mudit , Taheri M Reza ,   Associate Professor, Department of Radiology, George Washington University and Hospital, Washington DC, USA, Joshi Arjun ,   Professor, Department of Otolaryngology, George Washington University and Hospital, Washington DC, USA, Barak Stephanie ,   Assistant Professor, Department of pathology, George Washington University and Hospital, Washington DC, USA
Published: October 2021

Synchronous bilateral palatine tonsillar Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is a rare presentation and less than 10 cases of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) mediated synchronous bilateral palatine tonsillar SCC has been reported. We report case of a patient who presents with a painless left sided neck swelling and was subsequently diagnosed by imaging and histopathology with bilateral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the palatine tonsil and cervical nodal metastasis. Due to its excellent soft tissue/tumor contrast resolution, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the preferred imaging modality for initial staging. Improved sensitivity for the detection of synchronous tumors can be achieved by Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/ Computed Tomography (CT) examination. Due to the rare nature of this pathology, no specific treatment guideline has been provided by National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Treatment options available include bilateral Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) radical tonsillectomy combined with bilateral neck dissection with adjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy and/or upfront concurrent chemoradiotherapy.
What is your diagnosis? Labial adhesions – Classification and treatment
Authors:   Sanford Medical Center, 1300 Anne St NW, Bemidji, MN 56601, USA, Guntreddi Giridhar , Nair Jayasree Vasudevan ,   Sanford Medical Center, 1300 Anne St NW, Bemidji, MN 56601, USA, Nirujogi Swayam P ,   Sanford Medical Center, 1300 Anne St NW, Bemidji, MN 56601, USA
Published: October 2021

An 8-month-old Caucasian female infant with a history of two urinary tract infections presented with fever, poor oral intake, and increased irritability for 3 days prior to presentation. The mother reported a fever T max 103F and a strong odor of urine. Mother denied any cold, cough, diarrhea, vomiting, rash, and sick contacts at home. Her initial vitals were normal other than a temperature of 101F. The infant was alert, active and comfortable in her mother’s lap. On examination of her external genitalia, there was fused labia minora at the midline forming a midline raphe, and pinhole urethral opening was also noted (Figure 1). Due to close approximation of labia minora and tiny urethral opening, we were unbale to catheterize the bladder. According to the mother, previous attempts to catheterize the bladder for urinary samples were never successful as well. We confirmed the labial adhesions as shown in (Figure 1) based on our clinical examination and a presumptive diagnosis of UTI was made based on a positive bag urine sample and her symptoms.
Complementarity of clinical trials, model systems, and metabolomic workflow to unravel the healthy effects of foods: BEBESANO vs MODELSANO: A case study
Authors:   Phytochemicals and Fealthy Foods lab (FASlab), Department of Food Science and Technology (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25,m 30100 Murcia, Spain, Agulló Vicente , Domínguez-Perles Raúl ,   Phytochemicals and Fealthy Foods lab (FASlab), Department of Food Science and Technology (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25,m 30100 Murcia, Spain, García-Viguera Cristina ,   Phytochemicals and Fealthy Foods lab (FASlab), Department of Food Science and Technology (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25,m 30100 Murcia, Spain
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, the health benefits associated with the consumption of plant-based food constitute a hot topic. To further demonstrate such benefits, related to antioxidant, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as the reduction of the risk of several pathophysiological conditions, the study of bioaccessibility and bioavailability of specific food’s constituents, which require interdisciplinary networks, is essential. In this frame, although different experimental models can be developed, the workflow described in the present work support the application of intervention trials in humans as the first option to study the truly effects on health of foods (e.g., plant-based foods), due to the safe condition of them and the realistic approach of this kind of studies, later explored in depth resorting to in vitro, ex vivo, and pre-clinical models, as the most appropriate workflow to get reliable results in the field of Food Science and Nutrition, regarding mechanisms of actions and molecular interactions. Thereby, the work described in the present review is developed in the frame of two consecutive and interconnected projects: BEBESANO (concluded) and MODELSANO (in process) that demonstrate the efficiency of the workflow proposed for research in the Food Science and Nutrition fields. In this regard, in the frame of BEBESANO, acute and longitudinal interventions in humans, devoted to set-up bioavailability of bioactive compounds, followed by functional studies in vivo upon pre-clinical models were conducted to unravel the relationship between bioactive compounds in plant-based beverages and the use of sweetener replacer. Now, most relevant findings from BEBESANO are being further explored in the newly granted project MODELSANO, which is aimed to uncover gaps of knowledge about the mechanisms behind the descriptive results obtained in BEBESANO, using more restrictive in vitro models (allowing the development of studies on the cellular and molecular pathways involved), and integrative cutting edge mathematical modelling alternatives. Keywords: In vivo; in vitro; bioavailability; bioaccessibility; bioactivity; health-promoting foods; metabolomic; mechanistic studies
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF DRUGS, USED IN ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: ШОПАБАЕВА А.Р. , ОСТЕМИРКЫЗЫ Д. , КУБДЖАНОВА А.Ж.
Published: October 2021

В статье рассмотрены эпидемиологические показатели и фармакоэкономический анализ лекарственных препаратов при лечении атопического дерматита в Республике Казахстан

The article deals with epidemiological indicators and pharmacoeconomic analysis of drugs in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
ANALYSIS OF THE MARKET FOR ANTIGLAUCO-MA DRUGS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: ЕСБОЛАТОВА А.Е. , ШОПАБАЕВА А.Р.
Published: October 2021

Ассортимент фармацевтической продукции представляет собой большую непрерывно обновляемую структуру, являющейся одной из основных составных фрагментов системы здравоохранения каждого государства. В свою очередь, маркетинговый анализ противоглаукомных препаратов показывает состояние фармацевтического рынка препаратов, применяемых для лечения глаукомы, на исследуемый момент, что позволяет оценить дальнейшие перспективы развития и расширения рынка.

The range of pharmaceutical products is a large continuously updated structure, which is one of the main constituent parts of the health care system of each state. In turn, the marketing analysis of antiglaucoma drugs shows the state of the pharmaceutical market for drugs used for the treatment of glaucoma at the moment under study, which makes it possible to assess further prospects for the development and expansion of the market.
TREATMENT OF BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN USING A DRUG CONTAINING A COMPLEX OF LACTOBACILLI (FLORIUM)
Authors: ЕСПАЕВА Р.Н.
Published: October 2021

В статье показаны результаты лечение бактериального вагиноза у 40 беременных в I триместре. 25 беременным проводилось комплексное лечение, включающее применение вагинальных свечей с действущим веществом хлоргексидин, по 1 свече на ночь во влагалище в течение 10 дней в сочетании с пероральным применением Флориум по 1 капсуле х 2 раза в день за 30 минут до еды в течение 14 дней. Остальные 15 беременных получали только свечи с действующим веществом хлоргексидин местно по 1 свече на ночь во влагалище в течение 10 дней. Сравнительный анализ результатов лечения показал, что в группе лечения с применением комплекса лактобактерий у 100% беременных «ключевые клетки» в контрольном мазке после лечения не определялись, в то время как у 16% женщин контрольной группы в мазке после лечения всё ещё определялись «ключевые клетки». А также, беременные основной группы отмечали прекращение жидких выделений с неприятным запахом в 100% случаев, в то время как у 23% беременных контрольной группы продолжались такие выделения, причиняющие дискомфорт.

The article shows the results of treatment of bacterial vaginosis in 40 pregnant women in the first trimester. 25 pregnant women underwent complex treatment, including the use of vaginal candles with the active substance chlorhexidine, 1 candle per night in the vagina for 10 days in combination with oral administration of Florium 1 capsule x 2 times a day 30 minutes before meals for 14 days. The remaining 15 pregnant women received only candles with the active substance chlorhexidine locally, 1 candle per night in the vagina for 10 days. A comparative analysis of the results of treatment showed that in the group of treatment with the use of lactobacilli complex in 100% of pregnant women, " key cells "were not determined in the control smear after treatment, while in 16% of women of the control group,"key cells" were still determined in the smear after treatment. And also, pregnant women of the main group noted the cessation of liquid secretions with an unpleasant smell in 100% of cases, while 23% of pregnant women of the control group continued such secretions causing discomfort.
FEATURES OF FUNCTION OF PATIENTS WITH OVARIAN ENDOMETRIOSIS
Authors: САДУАКАСОВА Ш.М. , АБИКУЛОВА А.К. , ХОН А.Д. , САРНИЯЗОВА К.С. , ТЕЛЬМАНОВА С.Д. , БЕЛОВА О.В. , ВАЗИРОВА З.С.
Published: October 2021

По всему миру эндометриоз занимает третье место в структуре всех гинекологических заболеваний. Эндометриоз ассоциированное бесплодие встречается практически у 45% женщин, страдающих эндометриозом. До настоящего времени вопрос о эффективности видов терапии наружного генитального эндометриоза остается открытым. Многие годы основным методом лечения было хирургическое лечение эндометриоза. В дальнейшем была обоснована комбинированная терапия эндометриоза, включающая в себя хирургическое лечение с последующей гормонотерапией. В настоящее время определены четкие показания к оперативному лечению эндометриоза, в то же время недостаточно конкретизирована дальнейшая тактика ведения пациенток

One of the priorities of the state policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the protection of reproductive health and improving the medical and demographic situation. To date, one of the urgent problems of modern gynecology is endometriosis. The disease occurs in almost 90% of women with chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Every year there is a steady increase in the incidence of endometriosis in all countries of the continent. For many years, the main treatment has been the surgical treatment of endometriosis. In the future, combination therapy of endometriosis was substantiated, including surgical treatment followed by hormone therapy. In the future, combined therapy of endometriosis was justified, including surgical treatment followed by hormone therapy. Currently, clear indications for surgical treatment of endometriosis have been determined, while the further management of patients has not been sufficiently specified