bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resistance to lethal ectromelia virus infection requires Type I interferon receptor in natural killer cells and monocytes but not in adaptive immune or parenchymal cells
Authors: Melo-Silva Carolina R. , Alves-Peixoto Pedro , Heath Natasha , Tang Lingjuan , Montoya Brian , Knudson Cory J. , Stotesbury Colby , Ferez Maria , Wong Eric , Sigal Luis J.
Published: May 2021

Type I interferons (IFN-I) are antiviral cytokines that signal through the ubiquitous IFN-I receptor (IFNAR). Following footpad infection with ectromelia virus (ECTV), a mouse-specific pathogen, C57BL/6 (B6) mice survive without disease, while B6 mice broadly deficient in IFNAR succumb rapidly. We now show that for survival to ECTV, only hematopoietic cells require IFNAR expression. Survival to ECTV specifically requires IFNAR in both natural killer (NK) cells and monocytes. However, intrinsic IFNAR signaling is not essential for adaptive immune cell responses or to directly protect non-hematopoietic cells such as hepatocytes, which are principal ECTV targets. Mechanistically, IFNAR-deficient NK cells have reduced cytolytic function, while lack of IFNAR in monocytes dampens IFN-I production and hastens virus dissemination. Thus, during a pathogenic viral infection, IFN-I coordinates innate immunity by stimulating monocytes in a positive feedback loop and by inducing NK cell cytolytic function.
Effects of ultra-dry storage on seed germination and seedling growth of Handeliondendron bodinieri
Authors: Xie Chuan , Liu Tianfeng , Guo Song , Peng Jian , Li Zailiu
Published: May 2021

(H. LÃ©v.) Rehder is a rare, endangered, and therefore, protected tree species native to China. However, there are serious limitations to the effective protection of the species, including a low seed germination-rate and difficult storage due to a high seed oil-content. Here, we evaluated the feasibility of ultra-dry seed storage and its effects on seedling growth. We used the silica gel method to prepare ultra-dry seeds with different moisture contents to find an optimal moisture content range (2.54%â4.77%). Ultra-dry treatment improved storability of . Furthermore, seeds with a moisture content of 4.77% stored at room temperature, and seeds with a moisture content of 3.97% stored at 4 Â°C yielded the best results. Priming with an appropriate concentration of polyethylene glycol had a certain repairing effect on ultra-dry stored seeds and improved seed vigor, with a two-day priming treatment with 20% polyethylene glycol having the best effect. Finally, compared with sand storage at 4 Â°C, ultra-dry storage promoted seedling growth and root development; furthermore, it alleviated storage damage to seeds, promoted soluble sugar and soluble protein accumulation, and increased seedling nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake. Therefore, ultra-dry storage can be effectively used to preserve seeds. Specifically, low-temperature storage of ultra-dry seeds with a moisture content of 3.97% enhanced seed vigor, and seedling growth and development.Handeliodendron bodinieriH. bodinieri seedsH. bodinieriH. bodinieriH. bodinieri
NETWORK INTERACTIONS WITHIN A REGIONAL COMMUNITY
Authors: Lastovkina Daria A.
Published: May 2021

The communication space of modern society is rapidly expanding its boundaries. First of all, this can be traced in the modernization of old and the emergence of new types of interaction between individuals in the economic, political, social, spiritual spheres of society. The topic of social networks, as one of the areas of research in theoretical sociology, can be characterized as promising and actively developing, that is especially due to the fact that the network theory is the most natural for the analysis of social structure. In a broad sense, a social network is understood as many points (participants of a social system) related to each other to a greater or lesser extent. The first part of the article presents a theoretical analysis of the evolution of social network theory in the works of foreign researchers, describes a graphic model of its incremental development. The second part offers the analysis of the functioning of social networks in the regional communities (Cherepovets, Vologda) on the basis of the survey "Barriers to civil participation and mechanisms for overcoming them at the regional level", which was conducted by the Vologda Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2019. In conclusion, we formulate the main conclusions about the functioning of social networks in given regional communities, and develop recommendations for further empirical study of this phenomenon.
Antispasmodics for Chronic Abdominal Pain: Analysis of North American Treatment Options
Authors: Brenner Darren M. , Lacy Brian E.
Published: May 2021

Chronic abdominal pain is a common gastrointestinal (GI) symptom that characterizes many functional GI disorders/disorders of gut-brain interaction, including irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, and centrally mediated abdominal pain syndrome. The symptoms of abdominal pain in these highly prevalent disorders are often treated with antispasmodic agents. Antispasmodic treatment includes a broad range of therapeutic classes with different mechanisms of action, including anticholinergic/antimuscarinic agents (inhibition of GI smooth muscle contraction), calcium channel inhibitors (inhibition of calcium transport into GI smooth muscle), and direct smooth muscle relaxants (inhibition of sodium and calcium transport). The aim of this review article was to examine the efficacy and safety of antispasmodics available in North America (e.g., alverine, dicyclomine, hyoscine, hyoscyamine, mebeverine, otilonium, pinaverium, and trimebutine) for the treatment of chronic abdominal pain in patients with common disorders of gut-brain interaction. For the agents examined, comparisons of studies are limited by inconsistencies in treatment dosing and duration, patient profiles, and diagnostic criteria employed. Furthermore, variability in study end points limits comparisons. Risk of selection, performance, detection, attrition, and reporting bias also differed among studies, and in many cases, risks were considered “unclear.” The antispasmodics evaluated in this review, which differ in geographic availability, were found to vary dramatically in efficacy and safety. Given these caveats, each agent should be considered on an individual basis, rather than prescribed based on information across the broad class of agents.
The Comic Stripped and Ash Canned: A Review Essay
Authors: Boime Albert
Published: May 2021

This 1972 essay by UCLA art history professor Albert Boime services as a review of the exhibition The Art of the Comic Strip (University of Maryland, 1971), a social art history of artists working in comic strips, magazine illustration, editorial comics, and the Ash Can School fine art movement, and the crossover between these artists. This essay includes commentary on High art versus Low art, comics as art, and the Vietnam War.
Northern Ink: Misfit Lit in Minneapolis
Authors: Green Diana
Published: May 2021

This chapter contains a 2017 essay by cartoonist and scholar, Diana Green, sharing her recollection of the alternative comics touring exhibit Misfit Lit: Contemporary Comic Art at the Artifex Alternative Arts Museum in Minneapolis (1992). This chapter discusses comics becoming more diverse and accepted in the 90s, the genesis of the Misfit Lit show, the curation by Fantagraphics, and of the experience visiting the show and gallery. This chapter includes commentary about Lynda Barry and Reed Waller. Image: Misfit Lit catalog cover.
High Way Robbery
Authors: Dooley Michael
Published: May 2021

This chapter includes a 1990 review of High and Low: Modern Art, Popular Culture by graphic design journalist Michael Dooley. His critique of the exhibit as seen in Los Angeles: “The show failed, and not simply by the standards of right- and left-wing axe-grinders. More importantly, and sadder still, it failed on its own terms. The show’s attendees never arrived at an interchange; instead, they were stuck on a one-way drive up the high road.” This chapter discusses specific works of art, comics, and advertising and contains an overview of the surrounding art world politics. Images: 2 exhibit photos (MoMA), 3 ads referencing pop culture. 
This chapter also includes the essay “My Way along the High Way.” This is a 2017 essay by graphic design journalist Michael Dooley, written as an afterword to his 1990 article "High Way Robbery” about High and Low: Modern Art, Popular Culture and its legacy. This afterword discusses ongoing interaction between pop culture and fine art, specifically Jeff Koons, Ed Ruscha, R. Crumb, Harvey Kurtzman, Art Spiegelman, and the exhibition Masters of American Comics.
“High Art Lowdown”: This Review Is Not Sponsored by AT&T
Authors: Spiegelman Art
Published: May 2021

This chapter includes a 1990 highly critical review of MoMA’s High and Low: Modern Art, Popular Culture in cartoon format (image) by Art Spiegelman. This chapter discusses Roy Lichtenstein as “dead” art, excluded artists and genres, high ticket prices, Krazy Kat, and overall conceptual issues. Spiegelman explains: “They made myopic choices not daring the risks that come with a risky topic.”
Showing Pages and Progress: Interview with Carol Tyler
Authors: Munson Kim A.
Published: May 2021

This chapter includes a 2017 interview conducted by art historian Kim A. Munson with the award-winning cartoonist Carol Tyler about Pages and Progress, an exhibition in Cincinnati, Ohio based on Soldier’s Heart: The Campaign to Understand My WWII Veteran Father: A Daughter’s Memoir, the 2015 compilation of Tyler’s You’ll Never Know graphic novel trilogy (Fantagraphics). This chapter discusses narrative in comics, the audience response, and her exhibit design strategy utilizing a clothesline, paintings, hand-made props, toys, tools, and family memorabilia. This chapter contains a comparison between Pages and a different, more emotional exhibit featuring the "impossible trident” and thorns.  Images: 3 exhibition photos.
Jack Kirby at Cal State Northridge
Authors: Harvey Doug
Published: May 2021

This chapter includes a 2015 review of Comic Book Apocalypse: The Graphic World of Jack Kirby at California State University Northridge by Los Angeles based writer and artist Doug Harvey, providing a detailed look at the exhibition. This chapter discusses narrative in exhibitions, full issues of Kamandi: The Last Boy on Earth #14 and Thor #155 on display and the stories behind them, Kirby’s painting Dream Machine, examples of work from every period in Kirby’s lengthy career, touching on genre forays into romance, war, occult, westerns, espionage, autobiography, and science fiction. Image: Dream Machine painting by Jack Kirby
The Power of Witnessing: Confronting Trauma in God Help the Child
Authors: Schreiber Evelyn Jaffe
Published: May 2021

God Help the Child illustrates the possibility of confronting trauma to claim a worthy self through a complex process of testimony. Both Bride and Booker reconstruct past traumas, first by encountering people who activate buried memories and then by telling their stories to each other in the holding space they create. Together, Bride and Booker retrieve their childhood traumas to gain agency and self-esteem by “bearing witness” to their representative African American testimonies. In this way, Morrison’s novel becomes a symbolic holding space for African American trauma. The complicated components of testimony reveal the elements of African American trauma—inherited trauma from generations of racism, colorism, violence, abuse, and discrimination in housing, jobs, and education—that Bride and Booker must examine. This idea of community testimony connects specifically to African American culture through three avenues of shared experience: the church, music, and community suffering.
Renewing Hegemonic Masculinity Every Wednesday
Authors: Taylor James C.
Published: May 2021

Drawing from Umberto Eco and Federic Pagello, this chapter discusses superhero texts’ serialized narration in light of the repetition of storylines and how this is (or is not) produced in both comics and television format by elaborating on the link between hypermasculinity, physicality, and the powerful body through textual and extra-textual strategies. This chapter explores the way the main actor – Stephen Amell – narrates his masculinity and interlocks it with Oliver/Arrow’s, including Amell’s continuous communication with fans over social media and forays into WWE wrestling. The use of textual and extra-textual strategies highlights how serialization ritualizes the display of gendered bodies and how TV, with its use of live actors, further erodes the lines between reality and fiction.
“There Is a Man … with a Typewriter”
Authors: Erden Yasemin J.
Published: May 2021

“Do I still think in those little yellow boxes?” asks Deadpool. The fourth wall is broken. This chapter argues that Deadpool’s fourth wall breaking smashes both his world and ours. The structure of the work is compromised; the audience’s passivity confronted. These features are central to Deadpool’s identity as are his vigilantism, anarchism, heroism, and villainy. He is rebel and monster inhabiting a world without certainty, without meaningful existence or relations between reason and action. A world not, in fact, so unlike our own. Deadpool is an existentialist antihero with whose actions the reader becomes entangled. He enacts existential ideas of limitless choice, action, and responsibility in a world (both his and ours) where life can be laughably yet painfully meaningless. He shows us what Sartre described when he said we are condemned to be free. A burden that is both liberating and overwhelming.
The Mask as Anti-Apparatus
Authors: Goodrich Peter
Published: May 2021

The thesis is that the graphic novel operates according to a logic of inversion, a very particular volte-face in which the anti-apparatus of the mask institutes a politics of impersonality. The idea as non-person. The comedy of the comic, the commedia dell’arte of the mask, the anti-apparatus of proliferated impersonality, the theatrics of belonging to the community of those who do not belong, becomes the driving figure of the film and even more so, of its afterlife, its viral and political role in resistance from Wall Street to Wollongong, Brazil to Bahrain, Harlem to Hong Kong. The film arrives as the fulfillment of the graphic lore, uniquely mobilizing comic studies as a praxis, making a movie that moves the comedy of depicting the person, the caricature of the cartoon, on to the streets.
What the Gothic Can Do
Authors: Ford Sarah Gilbreath
Published: May 2021

While historians have lately focused on uncovering more accurate stories of slavery, this chapter argues for the crucial role of fiction in confronting slavery. The chapter explores the issue of faulty timing: the problem that the present can try to understand the past better but cannot change it. The gothic, however, combats this problem because specters do not observe temporal boundaries. The epilogue then uses Kevin Young’s poem “For the Confederate Dead” and Tracy K. Smith’s poem “Declaration” as examples of the gothic’s power to help contemporary readers both to see the ghosts of the past and to attend to their stories’ persistence in the present.
Hollywood, Fascism, and Jew-Baiting Prior to 1939
Authors: Yogerst Chris
Published: May 2021

The years leading up to 1939 saw an influx of fascist organizations in Los Angeles. This made the Hollywood moguls ultra-sensitive to homegrown fascism as they began to fight back by funding an underground espionage network, led by attorney Leon Lewis. More public pushback came from the Hollywood Anti-Nazi League, made up of individuals from across the Popular Front. Pro-fascist support began to surface in the form of the Friends of New Germany, German-American Bund, and the Silver Shirt who each had factions in Los Angeles. As the conflict in Europe developed, so did anti-war sentiments in the United States (many were still miffed about our involvement in World War I). This period also saw the rise of anti-Semitic and isolationist voices ranging from Father Charles Coughlin to members of the America First movement.
Senator Nye “Unloosed” on Hollywood
Authors: Yogerst Chris
Published: May 2021

Hollywood counsel Wendell Willkie made it clear that Hollywood opposed Nazism. Regarding the industry’s opinion towards Germany, Willkie explained, “We make no pretense of friendliness to Nazi Germany and the ruthless invasions of other countries by Nazis…we abhor everything which Hitler represents.” As Senator Gerald Nye outlined films he felt were problematic, Willkie asked why Nye was not attacking the authors of the source material. The investigation began on September 9th, 1941, and did not get off to a good start for the isolationist Senators. It was found out that Nye had not actually watched the films he was calling out as dangerous. The questioning that exposed Nye’s ignorance came from a junior senator, Ernest McFarland of Arizona.
Champ Clark Doubles Down
Authors: Yogerst Chris
Published: May 2021

Champ Clark and Nye called Hollywood one of “the most deadly and insidious of all propaganda agencies.” Champ Clark provided his vision of what free speech meant in the United States. This right should not be granted to any group who holds a monopoly on a means of communication such as motion pictures. Free speech, Champ Clark contended, only applied to someone speaking to their neighbor, publishing an article, or standing on a soap box in a field. This definition clearly does not include any form of mass communication except the newspaper, which the Committee made sure not to single out. Senator Champ Clark complained that Hollywood films do not deserve the reach they get. It was clear that Champ Clark was jealous that more people followed movies than Washington politicians. Complaints followed that there were not enough politicians featured in films and newsreels. The senator also made a case that Hollywood was a monopoly, diverting from the true goal of the investigation into motion picture propaganda.
Fidler Fiddles
Authors: Yogerst Chris
Published: May 2021

Fidler provided an overview of his life in Hollywood for the past twenty-two years. Beginning as an actor, he transitioned to a press agent, and eventually became a columnist and radio personality where he worked for the past seven years. Fidler’s column, “Jimmie Fidler in Hollywood,” was syndicated across approximately 140 papers. His radio show aired at 6:15pm on Friday nights. Fidler commanded a team of two dozen reporters that helped gather news and review films. Fidler and his team were regularly invited onto studio lots for preview screenings and celebrity interviews. Much of Fidler’s recent coverage had been critical of Hollywood films and their crusade against fascism, something that did not surprise anyone familiar with Fidler’s attitude towards the film colony. Fidler argued that he had taken up arms against film propaganda “because I am sure the public does not want it.”
“Soul Breeze”
Authors: Anderson Crystal S.
Published: May 2021

Korean R&B artists cite the R&B tradition by emulating R&B instrumentation and gospel-inflected vocals and enhance the tradition through Korean music strategies that invoke multiple R&B genres and vocal styles. While Korean R&B artists are linked to pop groups through their reliance on R&B vocal styles, Korean R&B artists are more immersed in a variety of R&B genres. Korean R&B groups draw on complex musical arrangements featuring horns as part of a 1960s and 1970s soul music aesthetic. Korean R&B groups also draw on the Black female vocal tradition informed by gospel. At the same time, Korean R&B vocalists invoke multiple Black male vocal styles and multiple genres, including jazz and hip-hop. Through this intertextuality, Korean R&B artists participate in a globalized R&B tradition, expanding it beyond the Black/white binary.
Temporarily Enhanced Executive Influence over Budget Decisions under Mabus
Authors: Pugh Brian
Published: May 2021

This chapter discusses budget power that was briefly enhanced under Governor Ray Mabus at the beginning of his administration. It shows how Mabus fended off an attempt by the legislature to weaken executive budget authority by vetoing S.B. 2214. Chapter 4 explains how Mabus worked with the legislature to abolish the Fiscal Management Board and replace it with the Department of Finance and Administration (DFA). This chapter also looks at the efforts made by Mabus to get more funding for public education, more specifically, funding for Mississippi’s B.E.S.T. (Better Education for Success Tomorrow) program.
A Progressive Approach to Budgeting under Musgrove
Authors: Pugh Brian
Published: May 2021

Chapter 7 discusses Governor Ronny Musgrove, a former member of the Joint Legislative Budget Committee (JLBC), who was familiar with the budget making process. This chapter shows how Musgrove was successful in getting more funding for total education (especially K – 12) although he had a less than ideal relationship with the legislature. The constant disputes between the legislature and Musgrove resulted in the legislature overriding 47 of the 58 gubernatorial vetoes in one legislative session (2001 legislative session). Former Musgrove ally, Speaker Tim Ford, attributed the governor’s lack of fiscal success to his lack of communication with the legislature.
Introduction
Authors: Lambert Matthew M.
Published: May 2021

The this chapter is an introduction to The Green Depression: American Ecoliterature in the 1930s and 1940s. It outlines the contents of each chapter and highlights the contributions the author hopes to make. To show the reach of environmental thinking during the period, the first three chapters in The Green Depression focus on wilderness, rural, and urban landscapes. The fourth chapter shifts away from geographical landscapes to focus on debates over technology during the period.
Back to the Land
Authors: Lambert Matthew M.
Published: May 2021

This chapter focuses on ways that southern depression-era authors contributed or responded to a renewed interest in the “old” South during the period. While the Southern Agrarians, William Alexander Percy, and filmmakers like Victor Fleming and William Wyler created nostalgic depictions of antebellum southern life, Richard Wright and Erskine Caldwell responded with “antipastoral” depictions of sharecropping that expose the exploitive social, economic, and environmental effects of plantation agriculture. The chapter also identifies ways that Zora Neale Hurston creates alternative forms of social and environmental thought through her depictions of African American folklore in Mules and Men (1935).
Conclusion: Fanboy Backlash and the Futures of Fan Auteurs
Authors: Salter Anastasia , Stanfill Mel
Published: May 2021

The conclusion contrasts two cases of fangirl auteurs—the Wachowski sisters and Ava DuVernay—with the rise of fan backlash. On one hand, media makers can no longer opt out of the spaces and patterns of fan engagement. This brings a great deal of risk as campaigns for hiring and firing—sincere or otherwise—are an increasingly widely used tactic in fandoms and the culture wars alike. On the other hand, DuVernay and the Wachowski sisters are interesting cases whose established auteur status enabled them to move into fandom. The Wachowskis have historically avoided the spotlight and have embraced outsiderhood only recently. DuVernay takes an overtly political approach to being a public figure, directly naming systems of inequality. Proliferating fannish media can allow a wider variety of auteurs, but tentpole properties continue to be haunted by the specter of mainstream fan rage.
Language Shift and the Continued Importance of French to Bayou Identity
Authors: Dajko Nathalie
Published: May 2021

This chapter considers the role that French plays for younger generations, people who do not speak the language. Again using perception exercises, this time a map-drawing activity for which participants were asked to discuss variation in English but very often instead invoked or directly described perceived variation in French, the chapter shows above all the strength of the connection of French with Bayou identity: French has become enregistered, intimately tied to the place. The process of language shift leading to language death is likely the catalyst of the process of enregisterment. While English has become the language of everyday life, French retains an important symbolic role: it is the authentic language of the community. The chapter presents evidence supporting the assertion that it is because place has been mapped onto the language that this is so.
“Mckinley, the God of Fool Negroes”
Authors: Johnson Andre E.
Published: May 2021

Chapter 4 offers a rhetorical history of Turner's political career leading up to the 1900 campaign. Second, the chapter offers a rhetorical analysis of speeches and writings from Turner as he campaigned for the Democratic nominee, William Jennings Bryan. Though Bryan lost to William McKinley in a landslide, Turner argued that his support for Bryan was in protest of the Republican Party abandoning the principles of liberty and justice for all.
New Musicians and Travelers in Cuba
Authors: Storhoff Timothy P.
Published: May 2021

This chapter focuses on why musicians want to visit Cuba, how social networks help them get there, and how the influx of new visitors impacted US-Cuban musical relations. An analysis of the social network that has brought a group of Minnesota musicians to the Cubadisco Festival in 2013 and the Minnesota Orchestra there in 2015 shows how Obama-era policies spawned and strengthened transnational musical networks. Both US and Cuban musicians drew upon some amount of previously-accumulated social capital or other human resources available to them in order to navigate the complicated bureaucracies that govern travel across the Florida Straits. Through participation in musical exchanges they blurred the lines between pilgrimage, tourism, and purposeful travel.
Big Rewards for the Small Screen
Authors: Goscilo Helena
Published: May 2021

President John Kennedy’s suggestion to the UN General Assembly that the U.S. and the USSR embark on a joint expedition to the moon adumbrated the appearance of a highly successful American TV series: NBC’s Man from U.N.C.L.E (1964-68). What, one may ask, prompted the successful British director Guy Ritchie in 2015, when relations between Russia and the US were (and remain) at a nadir, to reprise/revamp the 1960s series in a film with the same title? To what extent does Ritchie’s film revise the earlier situation and the symbiosis between the two spies from the 1960s, even as he recreates that period? Does the film reflect the political tensions of the 1960s or of the 2010s–or both? These constitute some of the key questions that the chapter addresses in a comparative, politically contextualized analysis of The Man from U.N.C.L.E on the small and big screens.
“Where’s the Cookup Rice?”
Authors: Richards-Greaves Gillian
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines how African-Guyanese-Americans police the boundaries of “Guyanese food” at Come to My Kwe-Kwe to “remember,” to articulate Blackness, and to facilitate rediasporization. It also demonstrates the delicate balance established between the desires of the attendees and the financial goals of vendors who provide Come to My Kwe-Kwe meals. Diverse cuisines are sold at Come to My Kwe-Kwe, but attendees who are accustomed to eating Guyanese food, or are familiar with the traditional kweh-kweh, often attend the ritual expecting to consume African-influenced Guyanese cuisines, like cookup rice, metemgee, and conkee. This chapter also explores how migration and the changing needs and desires of the African-Guyanese community simultaneously facilitate destruction and innovations of Guyanese cuisines. Ultimately, this chapter articulates Come to My Kwe-Kwe foods simultaneously to diminish the symbolic distance between diasporas and homelands and establish new distances through cost, culinary innovations, and a changing African-Guyanese community.
“Borrow a Day from God”
Authors: Richards-Greaves Gillian
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines the ways that religious doctrines, particularly those pertaining to “good” and “evil,” shape African-Guyanese perspectives on Blackness and their engagement with Come to My Kwe-Kwe. It particularly explores how Christian values, particularly “the myth of Ham,” (Johnson 2004:4) compel many African-Guyanese to reject African cultural practices, such as comfa, obeah, the traditional kweh-kweh, and Come to My Kwe-Kwe. This chapter reveals the strategies many African-Guyanese-Americans use—such as supporting ritual performances with biblical passages and borrowing a day from God to attend Come to My Kwe-Kwe —to accommodate seemingly disparate cultural and religious segments of their identities. Ultimately, this chapter shows how “Africanists” like the Faithists, who openly embrace African practices, create a space for Come to My Kwe-Kwe attendees including African, Guyanese, American, and religious, among other identities.
Intro: The Meanings of a Musical Style
Authors: Rapport Evan
Published: May 2021

Punk is an extraordinarily meaningful and productive set of musical approaches, and exploring punk rock’s history based on an analysis of its musical style leads to conclusions that are often in conflict with the stories that have been told. This chapter establishes several premises that are investigated in the rest of the book, including punk’s complicated relationship to American whiteness and the suburbs, and punk’s underappreciated basis in African American musical resources.
“Less Art and More Machine”: The California Crucible
Authors: Rapport Evan
Published: May 2021

Early American punk had its most explicit identity crisis in Los Angeles during the late 1970s, and the sounds created in California during this time, including San Francisco, effectively defined American punk moving forward. Punk in Los Angeles in particular reflected some of the most extreme changes of the post-war era, with substantial migration, new development, and geographic segregation. California became the major site for debates over the meaning of punk styles, with growing tensions between older punks in the downtown or “Hollywood” scene, such as X and the Screamers, and the younger punks in suburban and beach areas, such as Circle Jerks and Black Flag, and ultimately, the style of suburban hardcore punk that was forged in California came to define punk for American listeners. It was in California where punk morphed from an expression of the sixties generation into a voice for Generation X heading into the 1980s. This chapter also takes a close look at punk’s relationship to violence, especially with respect to the confrontations between punks and the LAPD. The musical life of Latinx punks (and Chicano or Mexican American punks specifically) serves as a case study for further investigations of social and musical complexities in Los Angeles.
The “Failure of … Compassion”: Problematic Redemption and the Need for Praxis in “The Lame Shall Enter First” and “The Comforts of Home”
Authors: Beeson Alicia Matheny
Published: May 2021

Using the framework of praxis, Alicia Beeson offers a new way to think about the misguided acts of charity in “The Lame Shall Enter First” and “The Comforts of Home.” Beeson defines praxis as the balance of action and reflection that informs disciplines like education and philosophy. She points out that for O’Connor’s religious and non-religious characters alike, charitable action without productive reflection often leads to tragic outcomes. Beeson pays particular attention to the power hierarchies that undergird acts of charity, and she shows that while overconfidence discourages critical reflection, self-examination of motives and consequences can be transformative.
Flannery O’Connor’s Gothic Science Fiction
Authors: Davis Doug
Published: May 2021

Where convention categorizes southern literature as especially preoccupied with the past, Doug Davis reads O’Connor’s stories as science fiction, highlighting the surprising extent of her engagement with futurism. From time travelers to space cadets to cyborgs, O’Connor’s stories are filled with images and characters that appear in popular science fiction. Davis argues that for O’Connor, the vocabulary of science fiction provides a way to both explore and critique the promises and effects of technological progress in the context of Cold War America.
Afterword
Authors: Gentry Marshall Bruce
Published: May 2021

Bruce Gentry, the editor of Flannery O’Connor Review, reflects on the state of O’Connor studies. He shares the story of why and how the National Endowment for the Humanities Institutes on O’Connor came about, reviews a few of the struggles and successes, and shares a few thoughts about the future of O’Connor scholarship. He argues that while he no longer thinks we will ever fully figure out O’Connor as a Catholic writer, he believes O’Connor wanted to be taken seriously, first and foremost, as a writer, and, therefore, he has defined his mission as working to expand O’Connor studies beyond the southern and beyond the Catholic. He then discusses O’Connor’s broad appeal in disciplines beyond English. He celebrates the increasing diversity in approaches to her work and anticipates that the trend will continue as we find new answers to old questions and answers to brand new questions too.
Changes in the antioxidative properties of honeys during their fermentation
Authors: Głód Bronisław K. , Piszcz Paweł
Published: May 2021

The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate whether the fermentation process affects the antioxidative properties of honeys. Therefore, the total antioxidant potential (TAP) of eleven meads was examined. TAPs were estimated using DPPH, hydroxyl radicals, and amperometric measurements in the flow-through HPLC system. The results were correlated with the total content of polyphenols and anthocyanins. Additionally, the concentrations of ethanol, sugars, and hydrogen peroxide were measured. The influence of side reactions and the presence of hydrogen peroxide, glucose, ethanol, and anthocyanins on the free radicals generation were also tested. The use of HPLC electrochemical detection for TAP measurements is particularly preferred. Depending on the potential used, different antioxidants can be measured. It turned out that fruit and species meads are characterized by much higher TAPs measured at high potential of the working electrode than at lower potential due to the high concentration of weak antioxidants which do not provide signals at low potentials. It was found that dark honeys (buckwheat, honeydew) are characterized by much higher TAP values than light ones (acacia, linden, multi-floral). The concentration of anthocyanins decreased during fermentation. They are removed together with the sediment.
Mito y memoria histórica en Los recuerdos del porvenir de Elena Garro
Authors: Junco Ethel
Published: May 2021

Los recuerdos del porvenir remeda el período postrevolucionario mexicano desde un pueblo marginal y militarizado; la novela está articulada por mujeres de aspecto normal y de interioridad inescrutable. Garro expone su visión crítica de la historia a través de la radicalización de lo femenino mediante el personaje de Julia, construido sobre el modelo de Helena de Troya, como simbolización de la energía incontrolable de Afrodita. Una hermenéutica sustentada en paradigmas míticos apoya la lectura de los tópicos de la autora —género, poder político, discriminación, solidaridad— y amplía la difícil comprensión del fenómeno de base, brindando un acceso a la irracionalidad de los procesos históricos.
Multidirectional Memory, Polyacroasis and (Un)translatability in Antonio Muñoz Molina’s Sefarad
Authors: Amezcua David
Published: May 2021

The primary aim of this chapter is to analyse the alignment between multidirectional memory and literature. Michael Rothberg’s multidirectional memory model is scrutinized so as to elucidate how this approach works in fiction. The chapter further analyses the rhetorical concept of polyacroasis, proposed by Tomás Albaladejo in 1998 in order to analyse its interlacing with multidirectional memory as well as to demonstrate the manner in which polyacroasis may function as a vehicle of multidirectional memory in literature. On the other hand, the notion of translator as secondary witness (Deane-Cox, 2013; 2017) will be employed so as to examine the role of the author as translator. By means of a case study, Antonio Muñoz Molina’s Sefarad. Una novela de novelas, I will attempt to analyse how the frameworks provided by multidirectional memory and polyacroasis along with the workings of empathy encourage and pave the way to translatability. Similarly, I will examine how the notion of translator as secondary witness functions in a novel like Sefarad taking into account that the author of that novel inscribed his translation into Spanish of passages coming from Holocaust testimonies which were not published in Spain by the time the novel was being written.
Ansorge’s cusimanse in Angola: 100 years apart, new records contribute to the species known range
Authors: Elizalde Castells David , Elizalde Sara R. F. F. , Ceríaco Luis M. P. , Groom Rosemary Joy
Published: May 2021

Ansorge’s cusimanse, Crossarchus ansorgei Thomas, 1910, has until recently been known in Angola only from a single specimen collected in 1908, the holotype. During a camera trap survey conducted in Quiçama National Park (Angola) in 2017, we recorded the presence of the species 115 km south-west of the type locality – 40 km from the edge of the current known distribution range, – extending it south of the Cuanza river and possibly following the woodlands along the Angolan Escarpment. We combine our records of Ansorge’s cusimanse with the available published and unpublished records from Angola and compare with other vertebrate taxa that follow a similar pattern, in which Central African species extend their southern distribution into Angola, through the more forested areas in northwestern Angola and further south along the Escarpment. Furthermore, we discuss the urgent need for more research on this species and the impact bushmeat harvesting may have on its conservation.
“How can we free ourselves from this despotic Moscow oppression?” The attitude of Poznan and Kalisz voivodeships noblemen towards the Russian army actions in the years 1758-1759. Contribution to the history of the Seven Years’ War
Authors: Glabisz Grzegorz
Published: May 2021

The aim of the text is to show the attitude of the nobility from the Poznan and Kalisz provinces in the years 1758-1759 during the Seven Years’ War. This area, despite the neutrality of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, became a place of Prussian-Russian fighting. The article is a contribution to reflection on the functioning of the political elites and state structures of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
A review of current physical techniques for dispersion of cellulose nanomaterials in polymer matrices
Authors: Chanda Saptaparni , Bajwa Dilpreet S.
Published: May 2021

Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) naturally exist in biomass. Recent developments in nanotechnology and extraction procedure of CNMs open up a new era in the polymer composites industry. Abundant, renewable, biodegradable, transparent, light weight, and most importantly, low cost make CNMs the ideal material for packaging, automotive, construction, and infrastructure applications. CNMs are generally used as materials for polymer matrix reinforcement in the composites industry. The industrial-scale manufacturing of CNM/thermoplastic composites remains an unsolved puzzle for both academics and industries. The dispersion of nanocellulose in polymer matrix is the central problem inhibiting the manufacturing of CNM/polymer composites at an industrial scale. Several attempts were made to disperse nanocellulose effectively in a polymer matrix and improve compatibility between the matrix and CNMs. Chemical-aided surface modification of CNMs has been effective in several cases; however, chemical toxicity, high price, and critical control of reactions make them unsuitable. This current review paper focuses on novel eco-friendly physical dispersion techniques of CNMs and their future scope of research. The physical dispersion techniques such as plasma-induced surface modification, ultrasonication, magnetic and electric field discharge, electrospinning, or drawing can visibly improve the dispersion state of CNMs. But several factors affect physical techniques’ performance, e.g. CNM type and forms, process conditions and parameters, etc. Moreover, the material-related factors interplay with the process-related factors. This review addresses the current state of knowledge on the physical dispersion techniques for CNMs and identifies challenges that are critical to adoption of these novel materials at commercial scale for future applications.
Fast Periodic Auditory Stimulation Reveals a Robust Categorical Response to Voices in the Human Brain
Authors: Barbero Francesca M. , Calce Roberta P. , Talwar Siddharth , Rossion Bruno , Collignon Olivier
Published: May 2021

Voices are arguably among the most relevant sounds in humans’ everyday life, and several studies have suggested the existence of voice-selective regions in the human brain. Despite two decades of research, defining the human brain regions supporting voice recognition remains challenging. Moreover, whether neural selectivity to voices is merely driven by acoustic properties specific to human voices (e.g., spectrogram, harmonicity), or whether it also reflects a higher-level categorization response is still under debate. Here, we objectively measured rapid automatic categorization responses to human voices with fast periodic auditory stimulation (FPAS) combined with electroencephalography (EEG). Participants were tested with stimulation sequences containing heterogeneous non-vocal sounds from different categories presented at 4 Hz (i.e., four stimuli/s), with vocal sounds appearing every three stimuli (1.333 Hz). A few minutes of stimulation are sufficient to elicit robust 1.333 Hz voice-selective focal brain responses over superior temporal regions of individual participants. This response is virtually absent for sequences using frequency-scrambled sounds, but is clearly observed when voices are presented among sounds from musical instruments matched for pitch and harmonicity-to-noise ratio (HNR). Overall, our FPAS paradigm demonstrates that the human brain seamlessly categorizes human voices when compared with other sounds including musical instruments’ sounds matched for low level acoustic features and that voice-selective responses are at least partially independent from low-level acoustic features, making it a powerful and versatile tool to understand human auditory categorization in general.
Mining Disasters in Brazil
Authors: Primo Paola Pinheiro Bernardi , Antunes Michele Nacif , Ramos Mariela Pitanga , Arias Ana Rosa Linde , Oliveira Adauto Emmerich , Siqueira Carlos Eduardo
Published: May 2021

The ruptures of two iron ore dams in two municipalities of southeastern Brazil have caused immeasurable economic, social, and environmental damages. This case report describes the ruptures of Mariana dam in 2015 and the Brumadinho dam in 2019, as well as their causes and consequences. The companies responsible for managing the dams are Mineradora Samarco and Vale S.A. We analyze the “Risk and Disaster Communication” activities implemented by those companies. Moreover, it was difficult to access information about the affected communities, as the responsible companies failed to communicate throughout the incidents. As a result of this lack of communication and searching for answers and strategies to ensure a space capable of expanding access to information in an updated and reliable way for the population of the affected territories, we developed the Disaster Information Monitoring System (SIGDesastre). We think that by mapping communication devices and concentrating them in a virtual space it is possible to elicit nonhegemonic discourse, creating new knowledge and contributing to improvements in the risk communication process.
Prediction of COVID-19 Using Recurrent Neural Network Model
Authors: Alamsyah Alamsyah , Prasetiyo Budi , Hakim M. Faris Al , Pradana Fadli Dony
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 case that infected humans was first discovered in China at the end of 2019. Since then, COVID-19 has spread to almost all countries in the world. To overcome this problem, it takes a quick effort to identify humans infected with COVID-19 more quickly. One of the alternative diagnoses for potential COVID-19 disease is Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). In this paper, RNN is implemented using the Elman network and applied to the COVID-19 dataset from Kaggle. The dataset consists of 70% training data and 30% test data. The learning parameters used were the maximum epoch, learning late, and hidden nodes. The research results show the percentage of accuracy is 88.
Dissolution of condensed tannin powder-based polyphenolic compound in water-glycerol-acid solution
Authors: Kamarudin Nuruldiyanah , Awang Biak Dayang Radiah , Zainal Abidin Zurina , Cardona Francisco , Sapuan S. M.
Published: May 2021

Dissolution of polyphenolic compounds from condensed tannins powder from wattle species was carried out using water-glycerol mixtures and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as a catalyst. The study focused on parameters that can be adjusted to maximize the dissolution. The parameters of the dissolution process (mass of glycerol, mass of tannin powder, temperature and stirring time) were screened using a one factor at a time (OFAT) technique, while the optimum conditions were obtained using response surface methodology (RSM). Effects of the mass of glycerol, mass of tannin powder, temperature, and stirring time used on the percentage of dissolved tannin residue was apparent. The amount of undissolved tannin was used as the direct measurement in this study since there is no established method available to test tannin dissolution in water-glycerol-acid solution. The result from RSM based on 30 experimental sets showed that the lowest undissolved tannin powder value was 10% when 75 grams of tannin powder was mixed with 13.56 grams of glycerol, 86.44 grams of water, and 1.00 grams of sulphuric acid, at 75 °C temperature and 44.13 minutes stirring time.
Effect of vibration frequency on the vibration-assisted densification for alfalfa
Authors: Wang Haoyi , Wu Pei , Xue Dongmei , Ma Yanhua
Published: May 2021

Densifying alfalfa into briquettes is one of the effective ways to increase its density and reduce the cost of storage and transportation. To explore the influence of vibration frequency on alfalfa briquetting, vibration-assisted compression tests with six vibration frequencies of 0, 9.52, 15.56, 21.24, 27.50, and 33.44 Hz were carried out. The results showed that the compression with vibration could reduce the maximum forming pressure and the energy consumption. The quality of alfalfa briquettes was improved compared with the compression without vibration. Within the range of test, when the vibration frequency was 21.24 Hz, the maximum pressure was the minimum, which was 5.83 MPa. In addition, the specific energy consumption was the lowest, which was 1374 J/g/cm3. The experimental results provided a basis for determining the optimum vibration parameters of alfalfa compression.