bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovering stellar populations in Omega Centauri with phylogenetics
Authors: Jofre Paula , Gómez Claudia Aguilera , Villarreal Pablo , Cubillos Francisco , Das Payel , Hua Xia , Yates Robert , Silva Paula , Vitali Sara , Peña Tomás , Signor Theosamuele , Walsen Kurt , Tissera Patricia , Rojas-Arriagada Alvaro , Johnston Evelyn , Gilmore Gerard , Foley Robert
Published: January 2025

The nature and formation history of our Galaxy's largest and most enigmatic stellar cluster, known as Omega Centauri (oCen) remains debated. Here, we offer a novel approach to disentangling the complex stellar populations within oCen based on phylogenetics methodologies from evolutionary biology. These include the Gaussian Mixture Model and Neighbor-Joining clustering algorithms applied to a set of chemical abundances of oCen stellar members. Instead of using the classical approach in astronomy of grouping them into separate populations, we focused on how the stars are related to each other. In this way, we could identify stars that likely formed in globular clusters versus those originating from prolonged in-situ star formation and how these stars interconnect. Our analysis supports the hypothesis that oCen might be a nuclear star cluster of a galaxy accreted by the Milky Way with a mass of about 10^9 M_sun. Furthermore, we revealed the existence of a previously unidentified in-situ stellar population with a distinct chemical pattern unlike any known population found in the Milky Way to date. Our analysis of oCen is an example of the success of cross-disciplinary research and shows the vast potential of applying evolutionary biology tools to astronomical datasets, opening new avenues for understanding the chemical evolution of complex stellar systems.
From Scandal to Redemption: Exploring Word-of-Mouth Effects on Professor Brand Equity
Authors: Juhaidi Ahmad , Hartini Sri , Hidayati Noor
Published: January 2025

Bad news about professor scandals can damage the brand of professors in Indonesia. This study aims to explore the relationship between negative word of mouth (NWOM), positive word of mouth (PWOM), satisfaction (SAT), commitment (COMM), trust, and reputation (REP) to professor brand equity (PBE). This study included 306 students selected through convenience and snowball sampling. The analysis employed the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. We found that trust affects commitment, and professor reputation affects student trust. Student satisfaction with academic services has a huge effect on commitment, trust, reputation, and PBE. NWOM has no effect on all of these variables, except for PWOM, which affects REP and PBE. Further, in male students, the effect of satisfaction on PBE tends to be greater than that of female students. The findings make a theoretical contribution to the study of professors as a human brand.
Penıle Revascularızatıon In Improvıng Erectıle Functıon After Radıcal Prostatectomy: An Alternatıve Therapeutıc Approach For Penıle Rehabılıtatıon
Authors: AKDEMİR Fatih , Kayıgil Önder
Published: January 2025

Background
Erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy is an important clinical problem and various treatment methods are being investigated for this purpose.
Aim
The aim of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effects of penile revascularization, applied as a penile rehabilitation method, on erectile function in the treatment of vascular-origin erectile dysfunction developing after radical prostatectomy.
Methods
A total of 21 cases who underwent radical prostatectomy due to localized prostate cancer between 2017 and 2024 and were diagnosed with postoperative erectile dysfunction were treated with penile revascularization surgery. All cases underwent bilateral neurovascular bundle-sparing radical prostatectomy. Before penile revascularization and at postoperative third, sixth, and twelfth months, all cases underwent penile color Doppler ultrasonography, corpus cavernosum electromyography, cavernosometry tests, the International Index of Erectile Function 5–15, and Erectile Hardness Score questionnaires.
Outcomes:
According to the results of this study, penile revascularization is an effective treatment option for the treatment of vascular-related erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy.
Results
The average age of the operated cases was found to be 59.05 ± 3.05 years. The pre-operative International Index of Erectile Function scores for 5 and 15 were found to be 8.53 ± 1.36 and 22.33 ± 3.75, respectively. In the post-operative final follow-up, these scores were 14.38 ± 2.04 and 36.71 ± 6.40. On penile color Doppler ultrasonography, the Peak Systolic Velocity, End-Diastolic Velocity, and Resistive Index values were 16.33 ± 2.27, 7.24 ± 3.08, and 0.51 ± 0.21, respectively, in the preoperative period. In the postoperative period, these values were 25.85 ± 6.18, 4.66 ± 1.02, and 0.80 ± 0.29, respectively.
Clinical implications:
Penile revascularization is an effective method in the treatment of vascular-origin erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy and has the potential to improve patients' quality of life.
Strengths and Limitations:
The limitations of the study are that it is a single-center study, has a retrospective design, and has a limited number of patients.
Conclusıons:
Penile revascularization surgery in cases of vascular-origin erectile dysfunction following radical prostatectomy can significantly contribute to the rehabilitation of erectile function by increasing penile blood flow. This procedure should be recommended to patients as an option before more invasive interventions, such as penile prosthesis implantation.
Enhancing Skin Cancer Diagnosis (SCD) Using Swin Transformer and Late Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)
Authors: Mousa Ramin , Salimi Faeze Sadat Sadati , Mahmoudi Laya , Abdollahi Jafar , Mardukhian Parisa
Published: January 2025

Skin cancer is one of the dangerous cancers that threatens human life and can be seen in lesions on the patient’s skin. If this disease is not treated in time, it can threaten the patient’s life. However, with early detection of this disease, more effective treatment measures can be used and its progression can be prevented. Many machine learning and deep learning methods have been developed for early detection of skin cancer. But one of the advantages that can be provided by deep learning is its ability to learn from large data sets, which makes it more favorable for deep learning methods. The present paper proposes a method based on the combination of Swin transformer and Wavelet for classifying skin cancer images. In addition, feature optimization is performed using improved gray wolf optimizer(IGWO), Fox optimizer (FOX) and modified gorilla troops optimizer (MGTO) to identify optimal feature values. ISIC-2016 and ISIC-2017 datasets are used to evaluate the developed model. From the obtained results, it is shown that the Swin Transformer-based Wavelet +MGTO model provides the best result on the ISIC-2016 data set, achieving an accuracy of 0.9792. Furthermore, the Swin Transformer-based Wavelet +IGWO model provides the highest performance on the ISIC-2017 dataset, with an accuracy of 0.9792 and an F-measure score of 0.9780 on the ISIC-2017 data set.
Untersuchung des Belohnungssystems bei Patienten mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung und komorbiden Erkrankungen mittels fMRT und einer Belohnungsantizipationsaufgabe
Authors:   , Yildiz Dilek
Published: January 2025

Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) ist eine der häufigsten psychiatrischen Erkrankungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Dabei zeigen ungefähr 60% der Betroffenen eine Symptompersistenz bis in das Erwachsenenalter. Komorbiditäten wie Suchterkrankungen, affektive Störungen, posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen und Persönlichkeitsstörungen kommen bei Patienten mit ADHS im Vergleich zur Normalbevölkerung häufiger vor. Auch das vermehrte Auftreten von somatischen Erkrankungen wie Asthma, Migräne oder Übergewicht wurde bereits beschrieben.
Sowohl bei Patienten mit ADHS als auch bei Patienten mit dessen typischen Komorbiditäten (Übergewicht, Depression und Suchterkrankungen) zeigte sich bereits eine geringere Aktivität im ventralen Striatum, welches Teil des Belohnungssystems ist. Diese Hypoaktivität war hauptsächlich bei Belohnungsantizipation und Belohnungserhalt zu finden. Bislang wurde jedoch nicht untersucht, wie sich die Aktivität im ventralen Striatum unterscheidet, wenn ADHS gleichzeitig mit einem oder mehreren der genannten Komorbiditäten auftritt.
Ziel der durchgeführten Querschnittstudie war es den Einfluss von Komorbiditäten auf die Aktivität des ventralen Striatums bei ADHS-Patienten zu untersuchen. Dabei wurde vor allem die Aktivität während der Belohnungsantizipation und bei Belohnungserhalt analysiert.
An dieser Studie haben 132 physisch gesunde Probanden teilgenommen, von denen 32 Probanden nur ADHS und 100 Probanden zusätzlich mindestens eine Komorbidität wie Übergewicht, Depression oder eine Suchterkrankung hatten.
Mittels funktioneller Magnetresonanztomographie (fMRT) und dem Monetary Incentive Delay (MID)-Paradigma, das zuvor in mehreren Studien für die Aktivitätsmessung bei Belohnungsantizipation eingesetzt wurde, wurde die Hirnaktivität im ventralen Striatum gemessen und verglichen. Zuerst wurde getestet, ob zwischen Probanden mit Komorbiditäten und Probanden ohne Komorbiditäten ein signifikanter Unterschied hinsichtlich der Aktivität vorliegt. Danach wurden Unterschiede zwischen Probanden ohne Komorbiditäten und Probanden mit einer, zwei oder drei Komorbiditäten ermittelt. Zuletzt wurden verschiedene Konstellationen der Komorbiditäten verglichen, um zu überprüfen, ob ein unterschiedlich starker Einfluss vorhanden ist. Auch der Einfluss von Komorbiditäten auf Verhaltensdaten wie Reaktionszeit und Geldgewinn wurde untersucht.
Die Ergebnisse zeigten weder einen generellen noch ein kumulativen Effekt der Komorbiditäten. Auch ein unterschiedlich starker Einfluss der verschiedenen Konstellationen der Komorbiditäten konnte ausgeschlossen werden. Genauso war auch kein Effekt auf die Verhaltensdaten zu finden.
Zusammenfassend zeigte die Studie, dass das Vorhandensein von Komorbiditäten bei ADHS-Patienten zu keiner stärkeren Beeinträchtigung des Belohnungssystems, insbesondere im ventralen Striatum, bei Belohnungsantizipation oder Belohnungserhalt führt.
Visual target tracking based on fractional – order bidirectional hybrid attentional feature fusion
Authors: Fu Yao , Wang Yilu
Published: January 2025

This paper mainly designs and implements target tracking based on fractional – order feature fusion to solve tracking drift and tracking box jumping in complex scenes. Firstly, the starting point and overall structure of the model design were introduced. Secondly, in response to the low information utilization of the feature extraction network in the target tracking framework at the local scale of the target, a fractional – order node function based attention CNN hybrid attention extraction module was proposed to improve the robustness of target tracking. Finally, overall performance was quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated on multiple evaluation datasets with various advanced trackers. The results showed that the algorithm proposed in this paper had a high tracking advantage under severe changes in scale morphology, dynamic blurring, and similar interference attributes.
Delineating the Potential Therapeutic Effects of Lobaric Acid as a Novel Strategy in the Treatment of Melanoma
Authors: Jama Huda Abdirizak , Ensoy Mine , Yılmazer Açelya , Cansaran-Duman Demet
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Melanoma is one of the most dangerous and common types of
cancer in humans. In order to minimize the toxicity and side effects of melanoma treatment,
it is important to identify drug candidates that have strong anti-cancer activity and
fewer side effects. Lobaric acid is a small molecule that has been found to have significant
anti-cancer effects on various types of cancer cells.

Methods:

The study aimed to investigate the effects of lobaric acid on human melanoma
cell lines (A-375, MDA-MB-435, G-361, and WM-115) and normal human epidermal
melanocyte cells. The study also examined the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis, as
well as the gene expression level of apoptosis-related genes and regulatory proteins to induce
apoptosis in melanoma cells.

Results:

The study suggests that lobaric acid may have an effect on the proliferation of
A-375 melanoma cells, with results indicating a dose- and time-dependent manner. Additionally,
the study found that the expression levels of 70 target genes out of 88 apoptosis-
related genes in the primary apoptosis library panel were obtained. Out of these, 54
genes showed an increase in expression levels, while 16 genes showed a decrease. Moreover,
it has been determined that the levels of apoptosis-related proteins, such as Casp3,
Casp7, Casp9, and PARP, were increased. The results suggest that lobaric acid induces
apoptosis through the extrinsic pathway by upregulating the expression of Caspases and
PARP.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study provided a strong basis for the use of lobaric
acid as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of melanoma.
Cross-Section of Hypertensive Molecular Signaling Pathways: Understanding Pathogenesis and Identifying Improved Drug Targets
Authors: Sankar Jeyanthi , Rajendran Kannan , Wong Ling Shing , Muthusamy Karthikeyan
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Hypertension is a chronic medical state and a major determining factor
for cardiovascular and renal diseases. Both genetic and non-genetic factors contribute to hypertensive
conditions among individuals. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a major
genetic target for the anti-hypertension approach.

Purpose of the study:

The majority of classical antihypertensive drugs were mainly focused on
the RAAS signaling pathways. Though these antihypertensive drugs control blood pressure (BP),
they have mild to severe life-threatening effects. Unrevealing effective hypertensive targets for BP
management is essential. The effective targets could emerge either from RAAS-dependent or
RAAS-independent pathways and/or through the cross-talks among them.

Results:

Analyzing the physiopathological mechanisms of hypertension has the benefit of understanding
the interactions between these systems which helps in better understanding of drug targets
and the importance of emergence of novel therapeutics.

Conclusion:

This review is about the signaling pathways involved in hypertension pathogenesis
and their cross-talks and it contributes to a better understanding of the etiology of hypertension.
Comparison of Guided and Unguided Botulinum Injections for Cervical Dystonia: EMG, Ultrasound, and Anatomic Landmarks
Authors: Livneh Vered , Faust-Socher Achinoam , Cohen Mikhal E. , Schechter Yosef , Israel Ilana , Eichel Roni , Gurevich Tanya , Yahalom Gilad
Published: January 2025

Background:

Botulinum Toxin type A (BonTA) is the preferred treatment for Cervical
Dystonia (CD). However, the success rate is often suboptimal. One of the reasons for treatment failure
is the in accuracy of injections. Some physicians rely on Anatomical Landmarks (AL) for injections,
while others use either Ultrasound (US) or Electromyography guidance (EMGg) to improve
accuracy.

Methods:

This retrospective two-center study compared the therapeutic outcomes of AL-based and
EMGg injections with USg injections. Demographic and clinical assessments of previous visits and
current visits were recorded between 2019 and 2023.

Results:

Fifty-one patients were included. Six patients were injected using AL, 14 patients under
EMGg, and 31 patients received USg injections. Pain relief was significantly lower for the AL
group (40.0% ± 22.4%) compared to both USg and EMGg (81.2% ± 34.0% and 82.2% ± 10.3%, respectively;
p = 0.001). Dysphagia was reported in 7.1% of EMGg and 16% of the USg group and
none of those treated with AL (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The results of this study demonstrated that the clinical outcomes of USg and EMGg
BonTA injections are comparable and both techniques are superior to AL. The main side effect observed
was dysphagia, which was more common in the USg group, although without reaching statistical
significance.
Pharmacological Approaches and Innovative Strategies for Individualized Patient Care
Authors: Verma Amnesh Kumar , Singh Kuldeep , Gupta Jeetendra Kumar , Kumar Shivendra , Jain Divya
Published: January 2025

Personalized medicine is an evolving paradigm that aims to tailor therapeutic
interventions to individual patient characteristics. With a growing understanding of the
genetic, epigenetic, and molecular mechanisms underlying diseases, tailored therapies are
becoming more feasible and effective. This review highlights the significant advancements
in personalized medicine, focusing specifically on pharmacological strategies. The
article explores the integration of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics
in drug development and therapy optimization. Pharmacogenomics, the customization
of drug therapy based on an individual's genetic makeup, receives particular emphasis.
This leads to the identification of specific biomarkers that can predict therapeutic response,
drug toxicity, and susceptibility to various diseases. Together with computational
tools and artificial intelligence, these advancements contribute to tailored treatment plans
for patients with conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders.
We also highlight the challenges and ethical considerations in implementing personalized
medicine, such as data privacy, cost-effectiveness, and accessibility. We outline
future prospects and ongoing research in this field, highlighting the importance of collaborative
efforts between researchers, clinicians, pharmacists, and regulatory authorities.
Harnessing the Potential of Metallic Nanoparticles for Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Responses in Breast Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Prajapati Shatrudhan , Yadav Shikha
Published: January 2025

Utilizing the body's immune system to combat cancer has become a viable tactic
known as cancer immunotherapy. Metallic nanoparticles, or MNPs, have drawn a lot of interest
because of their special qualities and their uses in cancer immunotherapy. The manufacturing
processes of MNPs, their function in altering the tumor microenvironment (TME), and their capacity
to control immune cells for potent anticancer effects are all thoroughly covered in this
review. The review underscores the benefits of MNPs in surmounting obstacles linked to traditional
cancer treatments, including toxicity, resistance, and off-target effects. It also goes over the
different ways that MNPs modulate the immune system, For example, by generating reactive
oxygen species (ROS), reducing glutathione (GSH) levels, and improving hypoxia. The research
also examines the ability of MNPs to enhance the maturation of dendritic cells, shift macrophages
towards an M1 phenotype, stimulate T-cell responses, and aid in the transportation of natural
killer (NK) cells. The investigation is focused on understanding the synergistic effects of MNPsIn
conjunction with other immunotherapeutic approaches, such as checkpoint inhibitors and
cell-based treatments, in order to generate potent immune responses against cancer.
Influence of Bubble Size on Hydrodynamics in Shear–thinning Liquids
Authors: Zhong Pu , Zhang Shihuan , Pang Mingjun
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Bubble rising behavior in shear-thinning liquids was simulated using a
volume of fluid (VOF) method.

Method:

The authors conducted a detailed analysis of the effects of bubble diameter D, inelastic
relaxation time (λ), and rheological index (n) on bubble deformation and flow fields.

objective:

It can be seen from the above review that the overwhelming majority of the present investigations on the rising behaviour of bubbles in the shear-thinning liquids focus on the effect of liquid-phase rheological parameters such as the flow index and the inelastic time constant on the bubble hydrodynamics. As a matter of fact, the bubble size is a very important parameter for the bubbly system, which determines the residence time of bubbles and the void fraction in a bubbly system. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the dependence of hydrodynamics on the bubble size in the shear-thinning liquids. In this paper, the authors investigated the rising behavior of the bubbles with different diameter in the shear-thinning liquids in detail.

Result:

The results indicated that bubble diameter significantly affects bubble dynamics. Bubble
terminal velocity tends to stabilize within a certain diameter range rather than continuously increasing
with an increase in bubble diameter, and this trend is particularly noticeable when the shearthinning
effect of liquid is strong— with an increase in λ, the region and degree of a decrease in apparent
viscosity increase, causing bubble deformation and terminal velocity to increase. A reduction
in n leads to an increase in bubble terminal velocity and deformation degree.

Conclusion:

These findings have potential implications for patent applications in industrial fields
involving shear-thinning liquids containing bubbles.
UJI KUALITAS BRIKET ARANG DARI SEKAM PADI DAN SERBUK KAYU SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF
Authors: Urwatul Wusko Ikna , Noraidi Maulana Antan , Sabitah A’yan , Misbachudin
Published: January 2025

The availability of sawdust and rice husks is abundant, so the utilization of these wastes in the South Kalimantan region is very profitable. Apart from that, there are several references that mention rice husk waste and wood dust as prospective biomass sources. In this research, the process of testing the characteristics of composite briquettes made from rice husks and wood dust as an alternative energy source was carried out. This research aims to compare the results of briquette characteristic tests with the results of previous research. The ratio of rice husk-wood dust mixture is 100:0, 70:30, 30:70, and 0:100. For each type of sample, cassava flour with a composition of 10% was used as an adhesive. Of the five parameters; water content, ash content, volatile matter content, fixed carbon, and heating value. There are two parameters that do not meet SNI standards, namely the levels of volatile substances and fixed carbon. For volatile matter levels, the value is still high, namely 45.55%, which should be ≤ 15%, while the value for carbon remains low, namely 35.56%, which should be ≥77%.
GAYA ANGKAT DAN GAYA HAMBAT SAYAP PUNA MODEL NACA 0015 MENGGUNAKAN SIMULASI ANSYS FLUENT
Authors: Dzulfikar Muhammad , Purwanto Helmy , Abdul Wahid Muhammad , Rahmatulloh Salim
Published: January 2025

The hi-speed computational using simulation software has emerged for the calculation of force dynamic. Albeit the significant progress in the computational method, the aerodynamic of flying wing are somewhat elusive. Herein, we performed a detailed computation of the lift and drag behaviors of NACA-0015 flying wing modelled through the surveillance speeds and difference angle of attack using Ansys. This study aims to determine and analyze the maximum angle of attack, lift force and drag force at speeds of 10 m/s, 30 m/s, and 50 m/s. The method used is analysis using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) simulation software. The simulation uses Ansys Fluent to determine the aerodynamic characteristics, after varying the angle of attack at a predetermined speed on an airplane (unmanned aerial vehicle) wing with a NACA 0015 airfoil. The results of the research that has been carried out are the maximum angle of attack at a predetermined speed variation (Re = 0.2 x 105 to 1.0 x 105), namely 25° at each angle of attack, with details of a speed of 50 m/s getting the highest lifting force, around 38,72 N and drag force in the area 6,49 N.
OPTIMIZATION OF TENSILE STRENGTH OF EMPTY OIL PALM FRUIT BUNCH FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES USING GENETIC ALGORITHMS
Authors: Rahim Abdul , Mujianto Agus , Feriyanto Richie , Waloyo Hery Tri
Published: January 2025

The use of natural materials such as oil palm empty fruit bunch fibers can provide a solution to increase value-added and manage plantation waste. Fibers are combined with a matrix to create composite materials. Instead of glass fibers, environmentally friendly natural fibers serve as the reinforcement in the composite material. Implementing natural fiber composites must consider the primary construction requirement, which is tensile strength. Artificial intelligence like genetic algorithms (GA) can simplify and reduce costs in the search for optimal values in composite material engineering. Data is obtained through experimental testing prepared samples and subsequently used as input for GA. The input parameters consist of three variables such as soaking time, volume fraction, and fiber length. The output of the optimization process is tensile strength. The maximum tensile strength has already been achieved with genetic crossover by the 125th generation. Based on GA calculations, the optimal parameters obtained are soaking time of 6.2 hours, volume fraction of 29.6%, and fiber length of 6.9 cm. The predicted optimal tensile strength value is 4.78 MPa.
IMPACT OF INJECTION DURATION AND INJECTION TIMING VARIATIONS ON TORQUE AND POWER OUTPUT OF THE KEN AROK URBAN CAR UTILIZING E100 ETHANOL
Authors: Farida Nike Nur , Yudhistira Muhammad Rafi Akbar , Rakhmaddian Nicko Nur
Published: January 2025

Politeknik Negeri Malang (Polinema) actively participates in energy-efficient car competitions. Their team has developed an energy-efficient car named Ken Arok, competing in the urban concept MPD (internal combustion engine) ethanol class. This class emphasizes using an internal combustion engine as the driving force and ethanol as the fuel. Ken Arok secured 5th place in the competition due to challenges encountered with the programmable ECU mapping, particularly in the injection duration mapping. This research investigates the influence of the interaction between injection duration and injection timing variations on the output torque and power of the Ken Arok urban car fueled with E100 ethanol. An experimental approach was employed in this study. A modified motor, transformed into an energy-efficient urban car, was subjected to testing. The injection duration mapping was varied by increments of 2ms, with values ranging from 2ms less than standard to 2ms more than standard. Similarly, the injection timing was varied by increments of 2 degrees, encompassing 2 degrees less than standard and 2 degrees more than standard. A dyno test tool measured the torque and power produced under these conditions. The primary goal of this research is to identify the optimal torque and power settings for the Ken Arok energy-efficient engine. The highest torque value recorded was 10.13 Nm, achieved at 6000 rpm when employing an injection duration mapping of 2ms more than standard (9.06 Ms) and an injection timing retarded by 2 degrees (358 degrees). The peak power output reached 8.7 HP at 6000 rpm under the exact injection duration mapping and timing settings. Furthermore, the interaction between injection duration and timing significantly impacted torque and power output. The research findings demonstrate that the interaction between injection duration and timing plays a crucial role in influencing the torque and power output of the Ken Arok urban car. The combination of an injection duration 2ms more than standard (9.06 Ms) and an injection timing retarded by 2 degrees (358 degrees) resulted in the highest torque (10.13 Nm) and power (8.7 HP) output.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE FROM OIL PALM FROND BY CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL TREATMENT
Authors: Randis Randis , Darmadi Djarot B. , Gapsari Femiana , Sonief Achmad As’Ad , Rus Tatag Yufitra
Published: January 2025

Oil palm fronds are currently an underutilised by product of plantations. The micro and nano cellulose can be utilised to create new goods, such as being used as a filler in environmentally friendly degradable composites. This study examined the process of extracting oil palm frond fiber (OPFF) by using a series of chemical and mechanical treatments to get pure microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The MCC obtained by OPFF was subsequently analysed in further detail. The identification of morphological analysis, presence of functional groups, and crystallinity index were conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) and X-Ray Difraction (XRD) techniques. The findings revealed the presence of microcrystalline structures in OPF fibers, having a mean measurement of width 3.2 ± 0.42 ?m. The application of FTIR verified that the elimination of noncellulosic constituents from the treated OPF fibers had achieved its utmost level. Simultaneously, X-ray diffraction research revealed that the utilization of chemical procedures resulted the formation of a characteristic cellulose crystal structure and an augmentation in the crystallinity index. However, the mechanical treatment resulted in a minor drop in the crystalline index. This can be ascribed to the disturbance of cellulose chains and the crystal structure within the cellulose fibers. The cellulose obtained from raw fibers and subsequent processing exists in a very pure form, specifically in the cellulose I? structure. This enables its utilization as reinforcement in eco-friendly MCC-based green composites, offering numerous benefits.
STATE OF THE RURAL COMMUNITY ON THE LADDER OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION: CASE STUDY WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN MOJOSARI VILLAGE, BOJONEGORO REGENCY
Authors:   Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Hidayah Nurul , Meidiana Christia ,   Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Firdausiyah Nailah ,   Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Ghosh Ratan Kumar ,   Sustainable and Renewable Energy Development Authority (SREDA) Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources, Amalia Rizky ,   Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya
Published: January 2025

The success of waste management must be connected to the community's participation. The community's involvement in waste management still needs to be significantly apparent. Community participation in rural waste management programs was investigated in this study since the waste reduction activities still involve open burning and burying of waste in the yard, which is harmful to the environment. A research model was designed, and a questionnaire was distributed among 112 households (HHs) to analyze their participation in rural waste management programs. A semi-structured questionnaire survey, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews were adopted to acquire qualitative information. The analytical framework includes mass balance analysis (MBA) and Arnstein's participation (APL) ladder. MBA was applied to measure each HH's current waste reduction rate, while (APL) was used to evaluate the community participation level in this program. The findings revealed that the average waste reduction is 0,48 kg/HH/day, contributing to a total waste reduction of 17.94 kg/day in the village (24.39% of total waste generation). Measurement using APL unfolds that the extant community participation in Mojosari Village, Bojonegoro Regency, corresponds to a non-participation continuum where villagers are simply misled by pseudo and tokenistic participation, leading to unequal benefit-sharing. Based on these findings, the researchers challenge that communities' engagement in rural waste management mainly relies on community cadres concerning environmental subjects as well as communities' economic backgrounds. It is concluded that where economically weak communities and manipulative figures exist, ensuring a higher community participation level is more challenging.
WATER QUALITY STATUS IN TANJUNG BUTON PORT AREA BASED ON SEA WATER QUALITY INDEX (IKAL)
Authors:   Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, University of Riau, Lestari Tri Ayu , Adriman Adriman ,   Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, University of Riau, Fauzi Muhammad ,   Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, University of Riau
Published: January 2025

Tanjung Buton Port is one of the ports with considerable potential to support national development. The water quality status in the Tanjung Buton Port area is suspected to be declining, water quality due to activities in the port area. So, this study aims to determine the status of water quality in the Tanjung Buton Port area based on the Sea Water Quality Index. The research was conducted in October - November 2023 in the Tanjung Buton Port Area in Sungai Apit Regency, Riau Province. Determination of water quality status uses the Marine Water Quality Index (WQI) method. This research will be conducted at three measurement and sampling stations, where one sampling will be done at each station. Measurements and sampling are carried out at low tide. Parameters observed include temperature, pH, DO, salinity, TSS, total ammonia, oil and grease, and ortho-phosphate. The condition of Tanjung Buton Harbor water quality status in this study based on the Marine Water Quality Index (WQI) is included in the "moderately polluted" category with WQI ranging from 50.01-55.38. Based on the research results, it is recommended that the government and the management of Tanjung Buton Port pay attention to the management of pollutant sources around Tanjung Buton Port.
Examining the Contribution of Hybridity and Co-Production towards Enhancing the Delivery of Potable Water in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors:   University of Johannesburg, Sikshosana Nqobile , Kuhlengisa Impi ,   University of Fort Hare,   University of Pretoria, Omoruyi Uchenna ,   University of Pretoria
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which hybridity and coproduction have been adopted and implemented in local governments` quest to provide portable water services in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. To achieve the study objectives, we used a qualitative research approach, a case study design where the Eastern Cape Province was used as a case. In addition, data was collected using expansive literature, and thematic analysis was utilized to analyze data. The study revealed that the implementation of hybridity and coproduction mechanisms in the province have remained marginal. These mechanisms are multiple-use water services (MUS), public-private partnerships (PPPs), and water schemes. Despite these hybridity and coproduction mechanisms' existence, potable water delivery has not improved due to many challenges, including the top-down approach to water delivery, resistance to sharing power and resources, lack of coordination across departments and community skepticism towards the government. We recommend adopting a decentralised approach, enhancing coordination across departments, building community trust and capacity and incentivising innovative solutions from the private sector. Its critical examination of existing hybridity and coproduction mechanisms, revealing their inadequacies while proposing actionable strategies that integrate community engagement and decentralised management to enhance potable water service delivery thereby advancing both practical solutions and theoretical insights within the body of knowledge on coproduction.
Afetler ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Sorunu: Kadınların Afetlerdeki Rolü ve Eşitsizlikler
Authors: Tosun Merve
Published: January 2025

Afetler, doğal ya da insan kaynaklı olaylar olarak toplumları derinden etkileyen, maddi hasara, can kaybına ve toplumsal düzenin bozulmasına neden olan felaketlerdir. Ancak bu etkiler cinsiyete göre farklılık gösterebilmekte ve toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliklerini derinleştirebilmektedir. Toplumsal, ekonomik ve kültürel kırılganlıklar nedeniyle kadınlar, afet süreçlerinde daha dezavantajlı bir konumda kalmaktadır. Bu durum, afetlere hazırlık, müdahale ve iyileşme aşamalarında toplumsal cinsiyete duyarlı yaklaşımların hayata geçirilmesinin gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, mevcut literatürden elde edilen veriler ışığında, kadınların afetlerdeki rollerini ve karşılaştıkları toplumsal eşitsizlikleri incelemektir. Çalışmada, toplumsal cinsiyet perspektifinin afet yönetimi politikalarına entegre edilmesinin önemi vurgulanmakta; bu tür politikaların, kadınların afetlerden orantısız şekilde etkilenmesini azaltabileceği ve toplumsal dayanıklılığı güçlendirebileceği savunulmaktadır. Ayrıca, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğinin sağlanmasının, afetlere hazırlık ve iyileşme süreçlerini geliştirici bir etkiye sahip olduğu belirtilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, kadınların güçlendirilmesi ve yapısal eşitsizliklerin giderilmesi, çalışmanın temel önerileri arasında yer almaktadır.
Comparative Analysis of Local Polynomial Regression and ARIMA in Predicting Indonesian Benchmark Coal Price
Authors: Mahadesyawardani Arinda , Maulidya Utsna Rosalin , Marbun Barnabas Anthony Philbert , Pratama Fachriza Yosa , Chamidah Nur
Published: January 2025

As one of the world's biggest coal producers, it is essential for Indonesia to follow the trend of benchmark coal price fluctuations for any future possibilities. This study compared two methods of forecasting benchmark coal prices to evaluate the accuracy of the predictions used a nonparametric regression based on the local polynomial estimator and a parametric ARIMA method. Local polynomial analysis obtained a MAPE of 2.929278% using a CV method based on optimal bandwidth of 5.06 at order 2 with a cosine kernel, which means highly accurate forecasting accuracy. As for the ARIMA analysis, the data does not meet the assumption of normality, but forecasting is still continued with the best model ARIMA (1,2,1) model so that the MAPE is 12.6327%, which means good forecasting accuracy. Therefore in this study, the use of nonparametric regression methods using local polynomial estimators on data with non-normal distribution are more suitable to obtain accurate prediction results.
Efektivitas Pembelajaran berbasis Infographic Project ditinjau dari Statistical Reasoning dan Learning Persistence
Authors: Yuntari Yustina Hilda , Hamdi Syukrul
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan efektivitas pembelajaran berbasis infographic project ditinjau dari statistical reasoning dan learning persistence siswa SMA pada materi Penyajian Data Statistika. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan model pretest-posttest control group design sehingga terdapat kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Kelas eksperimen menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis infographic project, sedangkan kelas kontrol menggunakan model pembelajaran ekspositori. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas X di SMA Angkasa Adisutjipto Yogyakarta dengan cluster random sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa lembar observasi, pretest-posttest kemampuan statistical reasoning, dan angket learning persistence siswa, yang telah divalidasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji beda rata-rata multivariat T2 Hotteling’s dan uji t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat ≥ 75% siswa tuntas mencapai KKTP (minimal 75) dalam kemampuan statistical reasoning; (2) terdapat ≥ 75% siswa memiliki learning persistence pada kategori tinggi (skor angket 70); (3) terdapat perbedaan rata-rata nilai posttest kedua kelas yaitu rata-rata statistical reasoning dan learning persistence kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi daripada kelas kontrol; (4) nilai rata-rata posttest statistical reasoning kelas eksperimen sebesar 83,27 ≥ 75 (KKTP); dan (5) nilai rata-rata postscale angket learning persistence siswa sebesar 81,44 mencapai kategori tinggi (70). rata-rata nilai posttest statistical reasoning kelas eksperimen (≥ 75 mencapai KKTP), Sehingga, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran berbasis infographic project efektif ditinjau dari statistical reasoning dan learning persistence siswa SMA.
Memetakan Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) Guru Matematika SMP: Sebuah Studi Komparatif
Authors: Rapa Zulfahmi Mustapa , Husniati Andi
Published: January 2025

Studi ini dilatarbelakangi oleh fakta bahwa beberapa siswa mengalami kesalahan konsep (miskonsepsi) dalam materi bilangan pecahan. PCK guru sangat berperan penting dalam pengetahuan konsepsi siswa. Oleh karena itu, Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan profil pengetahuan konten pedagogik (PCK) guru matematika sertifikasi dan nonsertifikasi dengan komponen pengetahuan konten dan siswa (KCS) mengenai bilangan pecahan konsep relasi bagian-keseluruhan setting tertulis di UPT SPF SMP Negeri Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan apa adanya profil PCK guru matematika komponen KCS terhadap bilangan pecahan konsep relasi bagian-keseluruhan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan bantuan lembar tes pemahaman konsep siswa, dan pedoman wawancara vignette. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subjek guru matematika sertifikasi cenderung memiliki secara keseluruhan KCS pada bilangan pecahan konsep relasi bagian-keseluruhan yang terdiri dari model daerah, model pengukuran, dan model himpunan. Sedangkan subjek guru matematika nonsertifikasi masih terbatas dalam memiliki KCS dengan materi yang sama. KCS yang dimiliki oleh guru sangat berdampak pada pengetahuan konsepsi siswa pada materi. Minimnya pengetahuan konsepsi siswa tentunya akan berpengaruh pada hasil belajar. Alternatif untuk meningkatkan PCK guru khususnya KCS adalah dengan mengikuti program sertifikasi.
Model Klasik dan Model Fraksional untuk Dinamika Penyebaran Virus Covid-19 Berbasis Model Lotka-Volterra
Authors: Suparno Suparno , Jamal Sri Wahyuni , Safitri Riski
Published: January 2025

Covid-19 telah menjadi pandemi global sejak pertama kali muncul pada akhir tahun 2019. Pandemi ini ditandai dengan penyebarannya yang cepat dan gejalanya yang tidak muncul dengan cepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dinamika penyebaran virus Covid-19 menggunakan pendekatan model Lotka-Volterra. Model yang diusulkan melibatkan model turunan klasik yang memuat  order bilangan bulat dan model turunan fraksional dengan order fraksional. Model matematika yang terbentuk memiliki dua titik ekuilibrium yang berbeda: titik ekuilibrium trivial dan titik ekuilibrium tak nol. Untuk model klasik, kestabilan titik ekuilibrium trivial adalah saddle, sedangkan titik ekuilibrium tak nol bersifat stabil asimptotik lokal. Selanjutnya, stabilitas lokal untuk model fraksional juga dibahas berdasarkan kondisi stabilitas Matignon. Karena melibatkan efek memori, model turunan fraksional memberikan gambaran yang lebih memadai dan realistis mengenai fenomena alam yang timbul dari model tersebut. Selain itu, hasil numerik menunjukkan bahwa parameter fraksional berpengaruh terhadap dinamika penyebaran Covid-19. Hasil ini mungkin dapat digunakan sebagai sebuah strategi bagi para pemangku jabatan dalam mengendalikan penyebaran pandemi.
The Complexity of Pencil Graph and Line Pencil Graph
Authors: Hanssen Calvin , Fran Fransiskus , Yundari Yundari
Published: January 2025

Let 𝒢 be a linked and undirected graph. Every linked graph 𝒢 must contain a spanning tree 𝒯, which is a subgraph of 𝒢that is a tree and contain all the nodes of 𝒢. The number of spanning trees in graph 𝒢, also called the complexity of the graph 𝒢, represented by τ(𝒢), is the total number of distinct spanning trees of graph 𝒢. This research aims to formulate the complexity of pencil graph and line pencil graph. In this research, the complexity of pencil graph and line pencil graph are determined using graph complement approach. The result of the research are the complexity of pencil graph and line pencil graph.
Pengembangan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Literasi Matematika: Penerapan Desain Instruksional Pengintegrasian PBL dan ClassPoint
Authors: Sumarna Nana , Rusnawati Rusnawati , Rahmawati Ice
Published: January 2025

Berpikir kritis dan literasi matematika merupakan aspek penting dalam pendidikan matematika di sekolah dasar, yang mendukung siswa dalam pemecahan masalah, penalaran logis, serta penerapan matematika dalam konteks kehidupan nyata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang bahan ajar (modul pengajaran, materi, dan asesmen) dengan mengintegrasikan Problem-Based Learning (PBL) dan ClassPoint, kemudian menerapkan desain tersebut dalam eksperimen semu. Penelitian ini melibatkan seluruh siswa kelas IV di SD Negeri 6 Kendari, dengan teknik purposive sampling untuk memilih kelas eksperimen (IVa) dan kelas kontrol (IVb dan IVc). Hasil analisis ANOVA dua arah menunjukkan bahwa desain instruksional yang mengintegrasikan PBL, ClassPoint, dan buku teks secara signifikan meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan literasi matematika siswa, dengan nilai p (Sig.) sebesar 0.000 dan Partial Eta Squared sebesar 0.562. Penelitian ini mengonfirmasi efektivitas model tersebut dalam menciptakan perbedaan yang substansial antara kelompok perlakuan (PBL+ClassPoint+Buku Teks) dan kelompok kontrol. Hal ini menyoroti dampak positif dari integrasi PBL dan ClassPoint terhadap pengembangan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan literasi matematika siswa.
Modeling Human Development Index of East Java Using Spatial Autoregressive and Spatial Error Ensemble
Authors: Jelita Nadia Aulia , Handajani Sri Sulistijowati , Susanto Irwan
Published: January 2025

The human development index (HDI) is an indicator used to monitor the government's success in developing the quality of human life. East Java Province's HDI is the lowest compared to other provinces on Java Island. Therefore, it is necessary to improve human development in this province. Attention must be paid to all aspects of human development, including the relationship between neighboring regions. The spatial regression method is an analysis method that considers the spatial dependency of the data. Ensemble spatial regression combines several spatial models by adding noise to the response variable, which is expected to reduce the diversity in the data. This research aims to use ensemble spatial regression to examine the East Java HDI. East Java HDI has spatial lag and spatial error dependence, modeled with SAR and SEM. Queen contiguity is used as a spatial weight. The SEM model does not fulfill the homogeneity assumption, so it is continued with the ensemble method. The ensemble method is proven to reduce diversity, so  SEM Ensemble fulfills the assumption of homoscedasticity. After analysis using SAR and SEM Ensemble, the SAR model was chosen as the best model with the largest  and lowest AIC value. Significant variables on East Java HDI are life expectancy, expected years of schooling, average years of schooling, and expenditure per capita.