bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new family of fourth-order Ostrowski-type iterative methods for solving nonlinear systems
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Sun Mingyu
Published: March 2024

Ostrowski's iterative method is a classical method for solving systems of nonlinear equations. However, it is not stable enough. In order to obtain a more stable Ostrowski-type method, this paper presented a new family of fourth-order single-parameter Ostrowski-type methods for solving nonlinear systems. As a generalization of the Ostrowski's methods, the Ostrowski's methods are a special case of the new family. It was proved that the order of convergence of the new iterative family was always fourth-order when the parameters take any real number. Finally, the dynamical behavior of the family was briefly analyzed using real dynamical tools. The new iterative method can be applied to solve a wide range of nonlinear equations, and it was used in numerical experiments to solve the Hammerstein equation, boundary value problem, and nonlinear system. These numerical results supported the theoretical results.
Perspective on utilization of Bacillus species as plant probiotics for different crops in adverse conditions
Authors: Singh Shubhra , Shyu Douglas J. H.
Published: March 2024

Plant probiotic bacteria are a versatile group of bacteria isolated from different environmental sources to improve plant productivity and immunity. The potential of plant probiotic-based formulations is successfully seen as growth enhancement in economically important plants. For instance, endophytic Bacillus species acted as plant growth-promoting bacteria, influenced crops such as cowpea and lady's finger, and increased phytochemicals in crops such as high antioxidant content in tomato fruits. The present review aims to summarize the studies of Bacillus species retaining probiotic properties and compare them with the conventional fertilizers on the market. Plant probiotics aim to take over the world since it is the time to rejuvenate and restore the soil and achieve sustainable development goals for the future. Comprehensive coverage of all the Bacillus species used to maintain plant health, promote plant growth, and fight against pathogens is crucial for establishing sustainable agriculture to face global change. Additionally, it will give the latest insight into this multifunctional agent with a detailed biocontrol mechanism and explore the antagonistic effects of Bacillus species in different crops.
Degree-weighted Wiener index of a graph
Authors: Lin Zhen , Zhou Ting
Published: March 2024

From geometric point of view, we introduced the Sombor-Wiener index of a graph and studied the basic properties of the new index. It was shown that the Sombor-Wiener index was useful in predicting the acentric factor of octane isomers. In addition, we proposed a degree-weighted Wiener index to generalize the Schultz index, the Gutman index, and the Sombor-Wiener index. Meanwhile, we gave the calculation formula of degree-weighted Wiener index for generalized Bethe trees.
"Vidding: A history" by Francesca Coppa
Authors: Svegaard Sebastian F. K.
Published: March 2024

Francesca Coppa, Vidding: A History. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2022, paperback $29.95 (257 pp) ISBN 978-0-472-03852-7; ePub/pdf/online free (257 pp) ISBN 978-0-472-90259-0.
Leveraging community support and platform affordances on a path to more active participation: A study of online fan fiction communities
Authors: Ghosh Sourojit , Aragon Cecilia
Published: March 2024

The success of online communities is driven by continuous active community participation, but motivating silent members (lurkers) to participate might push them faster than they are prepared for and demand extra labor from active members. This article explores user participation in online fan fiction communities through empirical interviews of once-silent but now-active members, demonstrating how such platforms afford lurking as a legitimate mode of participation and provide affordances for users to participate at their own pace. We propose a theory of incidental mentorship, where active users become role models within a supportive community and motivate lurkers to participate without doing additional work.
Analyzing an archive of allyish distributed mentorship in "Speak" fan fiction comments and reviews
Authors: Moore Amber
Published: March 2024

Young adult sexual assault narrative Speak (1999), by Laurie Halse Anderson, has inspired a small yet significant fandom, especially across two key platforms: Archive of Our Own (AO3) and FanFiction.net (FFN). The responses to fan fiction inspired by Speak demonstrate compelling discourses—celebratory, critical, vulnerable, and pedagogic—that also show evidence of significant allyish distributed mentorship in the Speak fandom archive. These comments and reviews demonstrate how digital spaces can be generative sites for feminist consciousness building around the topic of sexual trauma and rape culture, precisely because Speak fans produce, rewrite, and connect testimonies, both real and fictive.
"One day longer, one day stronger": Online platforms, fan support and the 2023 WGA and SAG-AFTRA strikes
Authors: Mittermeier Sabrina
Published: March 2024

The 2023 WGA and SAG-AFTRA strikes were widely supported by fans at fan events like conventions and on online platforms. I discuss how this opened up larger questions about the relevance of fan labor for the industry and blurred lines between creators and fans, and why scholars of fan studies (and beyond) are directly impacted by the strikes' outcome.
Cold-pressed tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) oils: chemical and aromatic profiles, sensory properties, and consumer preferences
Authors: Keskin Uslu E. , Yılmaz E.
Published: March 2024

In this study, tiger nut oils produced by cold pressing were characterized by means of physicochemical, compositional, and sensory analyses. The major fatty acids were oleic (70.4%), palmitic (13.3%), and linoleic (11.9%) acids. The main sterols were β-sitosterol and stigmasterol (58.3 and 20.5 mg/100 g), and the main tocopherol was α-tocopherol (234.78 μg/g). Syringic acid, apigenin and vanillin were the major phenolic compounds quantified. The cold-pressed oils crystallized at -9.12 °C and melted at -1.87 °C. A sensory panel described the oil with 5 sensory descriptive (almond, nutty, roasted, straw, sweety, soil) terms. A consumer test indicated that appearance, smell/aroma, and taste/flavor scores were above 4.0 on a 5-point hedonic scale. In conclusion, tiger nut oils with retained nutrients and specific aroma could be produced by the cold-pressing technique. Further studies for food and functional food applications of this gourmet oil are anticipated.
Contributions théoriques de Nicos Poulantzas pour l’analyse de l’extrême droite contemporaine
Authors: Cavalcante Sávio M. , Martuscelli Danilo Enrico
Published: March 2024

L’objectif de cet article est de discuter de la portée et des limites de la théorie de Nicos Poulantzas pour comprendre le renforcement de l’extrême droite contemporaine. Pour ce faire, nous exposons de manière critique les concepts de fascisme et d’étatisme autoritaire tels qu’ils sont élaborés par l’auteur dans le cadre d’un processus de réélaboration de sa théorie plus large de l’État et du pouvoir. Notre principal argument est que l’analyse de N. Poulantzas sur l’étatisme autoritaire anticipe de manière riche et complexe le résultat de décennies d’hégémonie néolibérale qui ont consolidé les mécanismes d’exception au sein des formes démocratiques de l’État. Cependant, surtout après la crise de 2007-2008, des mouvements réactionnaires de masse, enracinés principalement dans les classes intermédiaires, se sont réorganisés et ont provoqué des effets encore plus déstabilisants sur la scène politique. Sans proposer d’analyses exhaustives, nous indiquons les caractéristiques communes de ce processus dans des pays comme la Bolivie, le Brésil, les États-Unis, la France et l’Italie. Bien qu’il existe de nombreuses spécificités, la réorganisation de l’extrême droite au niveau international requiert la reprise et la mise à jour de la théorie du fascisme.
Poulantzas, SYRIZA et les antinomies de la politique de gauche dans les sociétés libérales
Authors: Bratsis Peter
Published: March 2024

Une lecture poulantzasienne de la montée et de la chute de SYRIZA comme force de gouvernement en Grèce permet de voir la faiblesse actuelle de l’État capitaliste aussi bien que l’incapacité de la gauche politique existante à dépasser le libéralisme. Le tournant autoritaire de l’État grec, s’appuyant de plus en plus sur des mécanismes coercitifs de contrôle, grandit à cause d’une crise de légitimité due à l’absence de réformes et au manque de dépense publique. Le gouvernement dirigé par SYIRIZA n’a pas été seulement incapable de rompre avec cet étatisme autoritaire, mais il a aussi échoué à surmonter, avec des conceptions clairement de gauche concernant ce qui est l’humain et ce qui est nécessaire pour mettre fin à la domination de classe, l’obsession libérale pour la souffrance humanitaire.
Idades de referência dos atletas medalhados nos campeonatos de Portugal de atletismo: estudo de 30 anos (1990-2019)
Authors: Pinto Virgílio Pedro , Teles Júlia Maria Vitorino , Massuça Luis Miguel Rosado da Cunha
Published: March 2024

Segundo a literatura, um inventário preciso da distribuição das idades de melhor desempenho nas diferentes disciplinas do atletismo pode proporcionar uma informação ímpar na altura de se produzirem planos e programas de treino de longo prazo para eventos ao mais alto nível. O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar a idade de melhor desempenho dos atletas participantes nos campeonatos de Portugal de atletismo, com referência às disciplinas e setores que caracterizam a competição. Foram consideradas todas as participações medalhadas (pista coberta - PC, n = 2310; ar livre - AL, n = 3161). Os intervalos de confiança para a idade média dos atletas medalhados foram obtidos com recurso ao método de Equações de Estimação Generalizadas. Os resultados indicaram a média de idades, (i) PC, mais baixa no salto com vara feminino (21.60 anos) e no salto em comprimento masculino (24.42 anos), e mais elevada nos 3000 m marcha feminino (25.18 anos) e nos 5000 m marcha masculino (29.70 anos); (ii) AL, mais baixa no salto em comprimento feminino (22.90 anos) e nos 200 m masculino (23.46 anos), e mais elevada nos 5000 m feminino (27.55 anos) e 10000 m marcha masculino (32.23 anos). Os resultados sugerem que as idades de melhor desempenho ocorrem (i) PC, entre os 23 e os 24 anos nas atletas femininas, e os 24 e os 25 nos atletas masculinos; (ii) AL, entre os 23 e os 25 anos nas atletas femininas, e os 24 e 26 anos nos atletas masculinos. O conhecimento objetivo das idades de melhor desempenho nos campeonatos de Portugal de atletismo, por sexo e disciplina, poderá ser uma informação útil para uma gestão eficiente de talentos e das carreiras desportivas.
Health variables and professional practice profile of ballroom dance teachers in Brazil
Authors: Alencar Allana , Almeida Amanda Rodrigues Alves de , Farias Gelcemar Oliveira , Nascimento Juarez Vieira do , Guimarães Adriana Coutinho de Azevedo
Published: March 2024

The objective was to investigate fatigue, quality of life (QoL) and professional profile of ballroom dance teachers in Brazil compared by gender. A total of 272 professionals from the five regions of Brazil were evaluated using a self-administered questionnaire divided into professional profile, QoL and fatigue. It was observed that women showed better results compared to men in terms of education and BMI. The general QoL of both sexes showed regular scores, with higher values for the social relations domain and lower values for the physical domain. The data reflect the search for information on the profile of the ballroom dance teachers and health factors related to their professional practice profile, with possible distinctions between the sexes and highlight the importance of awareness for the maintenance of the health of dance professionals.
Gadget use and physical activity among children: Involvement Process Theory
Authors: Piores Victor , Omar Dev Roxana , Muhamad Mohd Mokhtar , Puad Mohd Kari Dharatun Nissa
Published: March 2024

Sedentary behaviour is a global concern over the past decade and still an alarming issue at present. Among the concerns of being sedentary was gadget use among children as well as physical activity involvement. Several researches explore the factors link to inactive lifestyle. However, theory generation particularly on gadget use and physical activity involvement process among children were limited. Thus, this paper aims to build theory on gadget use and physical activity involvement among children. This study explores children experiences on too much gadget use and physical activity involvement through qualitative approach using grounded theory lens. Participants of the study were 11 to 13 years old school student and selected parents from Philippines. Data were gathered through face-to-face semi – structured in depth interview. Computer assisted qualitative data analysis (CAQDAS) was implemented in this study. Specifically, ATLAS ti. 22 software was used in data management and analysis which was guided by constructivist grounded theory by Charmaz. Theory was generated in this study after coding process i.e. initial coding, focused coding and theory building. Rigorous analysis of data in this study generated a theory and presented in form of process. The children’s involvement process theory to gadget use and physical activity was explained in the following phases; being influence, being happy, accepting the situation, giving conditional task, physical activity: being last on the list. The findings indicate the reason why children spend too much time on gadget as they interpret it as happy place and less time for physical activity as they consider it as last in engagement priority. Results of this paper contribute understanding on how middle school students interpret their experiences regarding excessive gadget use and physical inactivity. Awareness on how children view gadget use and physical activity involvement provides parents, health experts and other related professionals a basis for creating a plan or strategy to promote a balance gadget use and physical activity involvement for children.
Quality evaluation of microwaved and non-microwaved chakki atta flour under storage
Authors: Inthuja A. , Roshana M. R. , Anujaa V. , Mahendran T.
Published: March 2024

Chakki atta is ground wheat which is a neutral form available without any addition or subtraction and thus, it is mostly used in rural areas. This research was conducted to evaluate the quality changes of chakki atta flour during the storage and to study the effect of microwave on the quality of chakki atta flour. Chakki atta flour was packed in polyethylene bags separately and subjected to microwave (700 W for 60 s) and the quality changes were assessed within 12 weeks at storage temperature 27°C. The quality characteristics such as smell test, sieve test, long moisture (hot air oven method), moisture using NIR (Near Infrared Ray), protein using NIR, ash using NIR, wetgluten, fat acidity, colour and weevil count were evaluated at two weeks interval. Crude fat and crude fibre content were evaluated at four weeks interval. Chapatti was prepared from microwaved and non-microwaved flour and the sensory characteristics were evaluated at four weeks interval. Physio-chemical properties of chakki atta such as colour, protein, crude fat and fat acidity changed with the storage period and microwaving treatment prominently influenced on moisture, wet gluten, colour, protein, ash, and fat acidity. There was no any weevil infestation found in both flour. Sensory characteristics of the chapatti were not affected by storage in both microwaved and non-microwaved flour. It can be concluded that chakki atta flour can be stored at 27°C for three months from the date of manufactured.
Effect of gamma irradiation on seed germination and plant growth parameters of three rice varieties cultivated in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijesena K. A. K. , Nawarathne N. M. A. , Basnayake B. M. M. P.
Published: March 2024

Development of rice varieties using induced mutation has seldom been applied in Sri Lanka. This study was carried out to determine the effect of gamma irradiation doses on seed germination and different plant growth parameters of three rice varieties in Sri Lanka. Two hundred grams of seeds of three rice varieties (Bg 94–1, Bg 1165–6, Suwandal) were irradiated varying doses of 200, 300 and 400 Gy using 60Co Gamma Cell Irradiator facility at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) laboratories Seibersdorf, Austria. The experiment was designed as split plot with three replications and conducted at the plant house of Rice Research and Development Institute, Batalagoda. The effects of gamma irradiation on seed germination and different plant growth parameters were evaluated (radio sensitivity testing). With the increase in gamma doses, seed germination, seedling emergence, seedling height, root length, and plant survival in the field were declined. Significant (P<0.05) differences were observed between different varieties in seedling height, root length and percentage of field survival. Gamma irradiation showed significant (P<0.05) negative correlation with seed germination (–0.52), seedling emergence (–0.54), seedling height (–0.54), root length (–0.50) and field survival (–0.42). Percentage of survival in the field was the least affected while the percentage reduction was 8.56. The most efficient and optimum dose to induce rice mutation of the varieties under investigation is within the range of 200 – 300 Gy. More pronounced adverse effect was observed for all the growth characters at the highest dose in all three varieties. Increasing doses above 400 Gy caused severe morphological damages to the rice plants and increased doses of gamma irradiation have a negative correlation with germination and other parameters of plant growth. A comprehensive study should be carried out to determine the optimum doses for different rice varieties that could be useful in rice varietal improvement programmes in Sri Lanka.
Impact of organic farming on annual average income and cost of production of tea smallholders in Sri Lanka
Authors: Dharmadasa R. A. P. I. S. , De Silva R. G. P. , Wijewardhana H. V. P. , Vithanage S. S.
Published: March 2024

Sri Lankan government has planned to extend and promote organic tea cultivation in Sri Lanka through Haritha Lanka Programme which is the national cooperate plan to greening the Sri Lankan economy. Though positive environmental impacts of organic farming have been proven limited studies have been carried out in Sri Lanka to find out the impact of organic farming on the average annual income and cost of production (COP). Therefore, this paper attempts to examine the impact of adopting organic farming on annual average income and COP in high grown organic tea smallholdings (TSHs) in Sri Lanka. The data for the study were collected from a sample survey of 107 TSHs in four Grama Niladari divisions of Bandarawela secretariat of Badulla district. The study used two sample pooled t - test to identify the possible impact of adopting organic farming on two economic variables: annual average income and COP of TSHs. Ordinary Least Squared (OLS) estimate of a multiple linear regression was performed to estimate the impact of organic tea cultivation on the income and expenditure. The results suggest that the adoption of organic farming has strong positive impact on annual average income of TSHs while there is no significant impact of organic tea cultivation on cost of production and other off–farm income generations. The regression results further reveal that the annual average on–farm income of organically cultivated land is considerably higher than the non-organic TSHs in the study area. These findings conclude that adoption of organic farming improves the productivity of cultivated land, income and profit margin of the TSHs while maintaining the environmental sustainability.
Effect of biochar on nitrogen and phosphorus losses in broiler litters
Authors: Premarathne J. M. U. K. , Mutucumarana R. K. , Semage C.
Published: March 2024

Potential of biochar to reduce nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) leaching from three types of broiler litters was assessed. One thousand eighty (1080) day-old Hubbard F-15 male broilers (average body weight±SD, 35.8±1.32 g) fed with a commercial diet were raised on a litter containing either wood shavings (WS), paddy husk (PH) or paddy straw (PS) in triplicates (120 birds per replicate) until day 35. Representative litter samples collected from the respective pens on day-35 (n=9) were used to prepare litter samples either unamended (U) or amended (A) with rice (Oryza sativa) hull biochar produced through pyrolysis at 500 to 520 °C. A sample of red yellow podzolic soil was used as the control (C). The leachates obtained from the control (C), biochar unamended (UWS UPH; and UPS) and amended litter samples (AWS, APH and APS) were tested for N and P leach outs on day 0, 5, 10 and 15. A significant treatment x time interaction was observed for both N (P<0.05) and P (P<0.05) concentrations in leachates. The highest leaching of P and N was observed (P<0.05) in UPS over the period. Biochar amended WS, PH and PS significantly reduced (P<0.05) leaching of P and N compared to unamended counterpart but seemed to be highly time dependent. Amendment of WS with biochar reduced N (P<0.05) and P (P<0.05) leaching than the other two litter types tested over the period. The present study concluded that the WS has the best potential to reduce N and P leaching when amended with biochar.
Impact of antibiotic resistant Campylobacter isolated from poultry: A concise review
Authors: Perera J. L. C. S. , De Silva D. P. N. , Hirayama K.
Published: March 2024

Poultry industry is one of the leading protein sources around the world. In Sri Lanka, it has developed rapidly over the years and it is the main contributor for consumed meat. Campylobacter is one of the microorganisms presents in asymptomatic form in poultry which cause zoonotic disease, Campylobacteriosis to human. Due to improper usage of antibiotics in poultry industry, development of antibiotic resistant Campylobacter strains occurs by causing major public health concern. Hence, it is important to identify the contamination points of Campylobacter during the meat processing and to determine the prevention strategies to control the spread of antibiotic resistant Campylobacter spp. This review focuses on the background of antibiotic resistant Campylobacter species and their distribution by contaminating meat from farm to plate. The impact cause by antibiotic resistant Campylobacter from poultry industry to the public safety is also discussed along with the diagnostic and elimination strategies. Here, the world scenario on antibiotic resistant Campylobacter was reviewed to come up with suggestions to improve the poultry meat produced in Sri Lanka in order to be safe for human consumption and to increase the market value.
Theorizing the Relationship Between Identity and Diversity Engagement: Openness Through Identity Mismatch
Authors: Haugen Andrea , Rieck Stacey , Salter Phia , Mukherjee Sahana , Perez Michael
Published: March 2024

Psychological research suggests that engagement with diversity-relevant materials can have a positive impact on interracial relations. However, prior research also suggests that there may be individual differences in how effective exposure to critical diversity narratives would be in facilitating positive intergroup attitudes. The primary aim of this paper is to provide some empirically based theorizing about patterns of group identification and their relationship to effective diversity exposure. In this chapter, we discuss two examples of research that explore for whom engagement with critical diversity activities may facilitate increased perceptions of social inequality. We begin by conceptualizing four race-based identity profiles derived from orthogonal considerations of attachment and glorification. We discuss support for findings that suggest that scoring high on one dimension but not the other (mixed or mismatched identity profiles) constitutes the identity profiles most likely to facilitate openness to critical, potentially identity-threatening, diversity content.
Cross-Cultural Differences in Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Understandings of Forgiveness
Authors: Flicker Sharon , Bui Loan
Published: March 2024

Most theorizing about forgiveness conceptualize forgiveness as an intrapersonal process in which negative feelings are transformed into positive ones, with the goal of inner peace for the forgiver. Forgiveness viewed as an interpersonal process, in contrast, focuses on behaviors, such as reconciliation, that lead to the restoration of social harmony. Several studies have demonstrated that the understanding and practice of forgiveness differs across cultures. We examined the hypothesis that North Americans understand forgiveness as more of an intrapersonal phenomenon and less of an interpersonal phenomenon relative to Asians. A sample of 153 participants recruited through Facebook completed an online survey. Findings generally support the hypothesis: North Americans endorsed intrapersonal over interpersonal understandings of forgiveness, Southeast Asians endorsed interpersonal over intrapersonal understandings, and South Asians were closely split between the two definitions. The current findings suggest that collectivistic forgiveness is not a unitary construct, and that the application of theory and therapy models based on Western conceptions of forgiveness to Asian populations may be inaccurate and even harmful. Future research should examine forgiveness across collectivistic cultures. Additionally, cross-cultural research on forgiveness should use specific affective, cognitive, and behavioral terms when assessing a participant’s level of forgiveness; broad questions assessing a participant’s general forgiveness may be difficult to interpret and compare cross-culturally.
Precision in detecting colon lesions: A key to effective screening policy but will it improve overall outcomes?
Authors: Rabago Luis Ramon , Delgado Galan Maria
Published: March 2024

Colonoscopy is the gold standard for the screening and diagnosis of colorectal cancer, resulting in a decrease in the incidence and mortality of colon cancer. However, it has a 21% rate of missed polyps. Several strategies have been devised to increase polyp detection rates and improve their characterization and delimitation. These include chromoendoscopy (CE), the use of other devices such as Endo cuffs, and major advances in endoscopic equipment [high definition, magnification, narrow band imaging, i-scan, flexible spectral imaging color enhancement, texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI), etc. ]. In the retrospective study by Hiramatsu et al , they compared white-light imaging with CE, TXI, and CE + TXI to determine which of these strategies allows for better definition and delimitation of polyps. They concluded that employing CE associated with TXI stands out as the most effective method to utilize. It remains to be demonstrated whether these results are extrapolatable to other types of virtual CE. Additionally, further investigation is needed in order to ascertain whether this strategy could lead to a reduction in the recurrence of excised lesions and potentially lower the occurrence of interval cancer.
Future directions of noninvasive prediction of esophageal variceal bleeding: No worry about the present computed tomography inefficiency
Authors: Zhang Yu-Hang , Hu Bing
Published: March 2024

In this editorial, we comment on the minireview by Martino A, published in the recent issue of World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2023; 15 (12): 681-689. We focused mainly on the possibility of replacing the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and endoscopy with noninvasive methods for predicting esophageal variceal bleeding. The risk factors for bleeding were the size of the varices, the red sign and the Child-Pugh score. The intrinsic core factor that drove these changes was the HVPG. Therefore, the present studies investigating noninvasive methods, including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, elastography, and laboratory tests, are working on correlating imaging or serum marker data with intravenous pressure and clinical outcomes, such as bleeding. A single parameter is usually not enough to construct an efficient model. Therefore, multiple factors were used in most of the studies to construct predictive models. Encouraging results have been obtained, in which bleeding prediction was partly reached. However, these methods are not satisfactory enough to replace invasive methods, due to the many drawbacks of different studies. There is still plenty of room for future improvement. Prediction of the precise timing of bleeding using various models, and extracting the texture of variceal walls using high-definition imaging modalities to predict the red sign are interesting directions to lay investment on.
Methods to increase the diagnostic efficiency of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for solid pancreatic lesions: An updated review
Authors: Yang Xin , Liu Zi-Ming , Zhou Xue , Yang Fan , Ma Wen-Zhuang , Sun Xin-Zhu , Sun Si-Yu , Ge Nan
Published: March 2024

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a means to procure adequate specimens for histological and cytologic analysis. The ideal EUS-FNA should be safe, accurate, and have a high sample adequacy rate and low adverse events rate. In recent years, many guidelines and trials on EUS-FNA have been published. The purpose of this article is to provide an update on the influence of some of the main factors on the diagnostic efficiency of EUS-FNA as well as a rare but serious complication known as needle tract seeding.
Impact of frailty on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography outcomes in nonagenarians: A United States national experience
Authors: Basida Sanket Dhirubhai , Dahiya Dushyant Singh , Yousaf Muhammad Nadeem , Basida Brinda , Pinnam Bhanu Siva Mohan , Gangwani Manesh Kumar , Ali Hassam , Singh Sahib , Shah Yash R , Ahluwalia Daksh , Shah Mihir Prakash , Chandan Saurabh , Sharma Neil R , Thakkar Shyam
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an essential therapeutic tool for biliary and pancreatic diseases. Frail and elderly patients, especially those aged ≥ 90 years are generally considered a higher-risk population for ERCP-related complications.

AIM

To investigate outcomes of ERCP in the Non-agenarian population (≥ 90 years) concerning Frailty.

METHODS

This is a cohort study using the 2018-2020 National Readmission Database. Patients aged ≥ 90 were identified who underwent ERCP, using the international classification of diseases-10 code with clinical modification. Johns Hopkins’s adjusted clinical groups frailty indicator was used to classify patients as frail and non-frail. The primary outcome was mortality, and the secondary outcomes were morbidity and the 30 d readmission rate related to ERCP. We used univariate and multivariate regression models for analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 9448 patients were admitted for any indications of ERCP. Frail and non-frail patients were 3445 (36.46%) and 6003 (63.53%) respectively. Indications for ERCP were Choledocholithiasis (74.84%), Biliary pancreatitis (9.19%), Pancreatico-biliary cancer (7.6%), Biliary stricture (4.84%), and Cholangitis (1.51%). Mortality rates were higher in frail group [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.68, P = 0.02]. The Intra-procedural complications were insignificant between the two groups which included bleeding (aOR = 0.72, P = 0.67), accidental punctures/lacerations (aOR = 0.77, P = 0.5), and mechanical ventilation rates (aOR = 1.19, P = 0.6). Post-ERCP complication rate was similar for bleeding (aOR = 0.72, P = 0.41) and post-ERCP pancreatitis (aOR = 1.4, P = 0.44). Frail patients had a longer length of stay (6.7 d vs 5.5 d) and higher mean total charges of hospitalization ($78807 vs $71392) compared to controls (P < 0.001). The 30 d all-cause readmission rates between frail and non-frail patients were similar (P = 0.96).

CONCLUSION

There was a significantly higher mortality risk and healthcare burden amongst nonagenarian frail patients undergoing ERCP compared to non-frail. Larger studies are warranted to investigate and mitigate modifiable risk factors.
Wax screen-based fabrication of paper devices for the determination of iron in particulates of selected welding fumes in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Wendimu Gizachew , Hussen Ahmed , Mohan B. Raj
Published: March 2024

In this study a paper-based analytical device was developed using screen printing technique for the determination of particulate iron from welding fumes. The operational parameters such as volume and concentration of 1,10-phenanthroline, volume and concentration of hydroxylamine were optimized by the Box Behnken Design (BBD) using Minitab. Additionally, the µ-PAD's sample solution holding capacity and reaction time were also optimized. Under the optimized condition, particulate metal concentrations were colorimetrically quantified usinga handheld mobile phone and image processing software, ImageJ. Very good analytical performance such as good linearity of the calibration curve and better selectivity was observed by the developed method. The limit of detection for Fe3+ assay was 4.6 mg/L; which is adequate to determine the threshold concentration limit of particulate iron set by the regulatory bodies (6 mg/L). The µ-PAD revealed 95-99% recovery compared with the UV-Vis spectrophotometry (98-100%). Furthermore, welding fume samples were collected in Addis Ababa over five days, using mixed cellulose ester filters and the findings show a high concentration that exceeds the standard levels. Analyzing particulate iron with µ-PADs yielded results consistent with UV-Vis spectrophotometry, suggesting µ-PADs' potential application for occupational particulate iron exposure measurement, eliminating the need for expensive analytical devices.

KEY WORDS: µ-PADs, Particulate iron, Response surface methodology, Wax screen-printing, Welding fume, Colorimetric detection

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 563-576.                                                            

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.2
Corrosion and inhibition studies on AISI 316 with AISI 410 fiber laser welded joints
Authors: Rengarajan Sathish , Sathish Kumar A. , Ashok Kumar R.
Published: March 2024

In this investigation, the corrosion study was conducted on fiber laser welded joints of AISI 410 and 316L stainless steel plates using hydrochloric acid, basic, and salt medium, behavior in three different pH. The effects of three different corrosive atmospheres were examined using the weight loss method. The test sample which was exposed to 1 N hydrochloric acid medium for 48 Hours resulted in 0.006 g of weight loss. The maximum amount of corrosion was found in the acidic medium whereas the least was observed in the salt medium. The effectiveness of three distinct derivatives of 1H-indole-2,3-dione, each replaced with hydroxyl groups in various positions, in inhibiting corrosion. Among the three derivatives examined, it was observed that those with ortho and para hydroxyl group substitutions exhibited superior inhibitory properties.

KEY WORDS: Fiber laser welding, Traverse speed, Corrosion study, Isatin Schiff base, Inhibitors

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 811-823.                                                         

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.20
A spectrophotometric determination and the quantum chemical investigation of Pd(II)-3-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran complex
Authors: Agnihotri Nivedita , Mohini  , I. Al-Resayes Saud , Javed Saleem , Azam Mohammad , Saurav Kumar , Muthu S. , Kumar Vikas , Singh Manoj
Published: March 2024

An analytical approach has been instigated for spectrophotometric inquisition of trace amounts of palladium in its bivalent oxidation state employing a novel 1-benzopyran derivative viz. A 1:2 [Pd(II):HMPB] light yellow complex is formed by a spontaneous interaction between Pd(II) and HMPB. The complex is quantitatively extracted from a weakly basic medium into dichloromethane absorbing prevalently and consistently at 405-425 nm. The method coheres to linearity up to 1.5 µg mL-1 of palladium(II). Analytical parameters such as the molar absorption coefficient (ε=3.011 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1), Sandell's sensitivity [0.0035 µg Pd(II) cm-2], % RSD (0.62%) and the limit of detection [0.0147 µg Pd(II) mL-1] indicate that the study satisfies all the criteria for good sensitivity, precision and accuracy. In addition, intervention with regard to numerous anions/complexing agents and cations of primary analytical importance has been performed to assess the method's flexibility and usefulness. The results show that the majority of them do not cause any interference during determination. To better understand chemistry of the prepared complex, spectroscopic quantum chemical studies including DFT and MEP mapping based on examination of the electronic characteristics of the complex in its most stable least energy conformation are used.

KEY WORDS: Palladium, 3-Hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran, Extractive spectrophotometric determination, DFT, MEP, Docking

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 591-603.                                                              

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.4
Synthesis, characterisation, and anticancer and antioxidant activities of novel complexes of palladium and an organic Schiff-base ligand
Authors: H. Khalil Muhammad , O. Abdullah Fuad
Published: March 2024

Treatment of the Schiff base 2-N-(salicylidene) benzothiazole (SabtH) with palladium chloride afforded the neutral 2-N-(salicylidene) benzothiazole palladium(II) complex. This was then treated with one molar equivalent of either ethylenediamine or 1,10-phenanthroline, yielding the neutral mixed ligand complexes 1 and 2, respectively. The prepared organic ligand and its mixed ligand complexes were characterised via UV-Vis, FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The antiproliferative activities of 1 and 2 were tested against MCF-7 (breast) and HT-29 (colon) cancer cells using an MTT assay. 1 showed strong antiproliferative activity against both MCF-7 and HT-29 cancer cells, with IC50 values of 74.6 ± 8.35 and 174 ± 20.28 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, 2 exhibited the maximum antioxidant activity, with an EC50 value of 1029 ± 196.76 µg/mL.

KEY WORDS: 2-N-(Salicylidene) benzothiazole, 1,10-Phenanthroline, Palladium mixed ligand complexes, Anticancer, Antioxidant activity

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 605-613.                                                               

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.5
Boosted antibacterial efficacy: Di and triorganotin complexes via 2-[(2,3-dimethylphenyl)amino]benzoic acid
Authors: S. Al-Shemary Rana , Jasem Hadeer , G. Hadi Angham , J. Baqir Sadiq
Published: March 2024

Using appropriate organotin chloride salts and a ligand called 2-[(2,3-dimethylphenyl) amino] benzoic acid (DMPAB), a condensation procedure produced novel complexes such as triphenyltin, dimethyl, diphenyl, and dibutyl-tin. For difficult identification, a variety of analytical methods were used, including elemental analysis, carbon and proton magnetic resonance, and infrared spectra. The agar ditch method was used to assess the antibacterial effectiveness against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. When compared to the molecule generated from the ligand, the complexes showed more inhibitory action. Among the complexes tested, the dimethyltin carboxylate complex showed the strongest antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

KEY WORDS: Complexes, Antibacterial properties, Condensation process, Agar Ditch, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 647-655.                                                            

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.8
Profile of Interferon-gamma levels in patients infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis and coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus in Yaoundé
Authors: Berinyuy Tata Gloria , Fopa Diderot , Sosthene Fabo Yatchou , Laetitia Matcha Fotso , Rita Mme. Kamdjeu , Essomba RenÃ©
Published: March 2024

Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem globally with HIV/AIDS being the main predisposing factor to Mycobacterium  tuberculosis (MTB) infection. Interferon Gamma (IFN- ) is one of the most important cytokines in the host immune response against this  mycobacterium. This study aimed to determine the profile of IFN- levels in patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and co- infected with HIV in Yaoundé. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Yaoundé Jamot Hospital and the Yaoundé  University Teaching Hospital from August - November 2021. Ninety (90) participants were enrolled (45 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB)  cases and 45 healthy controls). ALERE DETERMINE HIV-1/2 rapid diagnostic test plus HIV AB/AG ELISA HUMAN COMBO was used for HIV  screening, and IFN- levels were measured by sandwich ELISA method. Among the 45 cases, 35 were PTB infected only, while 10 (22.2%)  were HIV/TB co-infected. IFN- levels were higher in the TB-HIV co-infected group (7.24pg/ml ± 6,9) and the TB mono-infected group  (4.11pg/ml ± 3.02) as compared to healthy controls (3.31 ± 2.14). In TB patients, a negative correlation was observed between the IFN-  levels and the duration of antituberculosis therapy, indicating the importance of IFN- in accelerating recovery from PTB following treatment. Considering the limited number of cases studied, further studies are needed to demonstrate the value of this cytokine in the  management of MTB in Cameroon.
Evaluation of the relationship between Knee Osteoarthritis and Meniscus Pathologies
Authors: Atik Irfan , Gul Enes , Atik Seda
Published: March 2024

BackgroundKnee osteoarthritis is a common, degenerative joint disease that causes chronic pain that affects daily life. Our study aims to evaluate geriatric patients aged 65 and over with knee pain in terms of osteoarthritis with radiography and magnetic resonance imaging and to investigate its relationship with meniscal pathologies.Methods Radiography and magnetic resonance imaging of patients aged 65-88 years with knee pain were evaluated in terms of knee osteoarthritis and staging was performed. Meniscal pathologies were evaluated in magnetic resonance imaging, and the prevalence of different meniscal lesion types was calculated. In addition, the relationship between knee osteoarthritis and meniscal pathologies was analyzed.ResultsRadiographic evidence of knee osteoarthritis was found in 182 (84.2%) of the 216 cases in our study group. A strong correlation was found between the degrees of knee osteoarthritis on magnetic resonance imaging and radiography. At least one meniscus pathology was observed in all 182 radiography cases with knee osteoarthritis findings. At least one meniscus pathology was observed in 29 (85.3%) of those without osteoarthritis signs. It was determined that meniscus degeneration, tear, and extrusion were observed more frequently in patients with knee osteoarthritis than in patients without osteoarthritis. Meniscal extrusion and complex and horizontal-type tears were the most common lesions.ConclusionsOsteoarthritis was found to be common in geriatric patients with knee pain. A correlation was found between radiography and magnetic resonance imaging regarding knee osteoarthritis. It was observed that meniscal pathologies were detected more frequently in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Analysis of 3D printing materials as potential Radiological Phantoms of Lung Organs for medical imaging purposes
Authors: Yunianto M. , Anwar F. , Ardyanto T. D.
Published: March 2024

Research has been conducted to analyze and characterize ten 3D printing materials as potential Radiological Phantoms of Lung Organs. Eight filaments of PLA, ABS, HIPS, Carbon, Nylon, TPU, PETG, and Wood were printed using an FDM type 3D printer, and two resins, PLA resin and Water washable resin, were printed using an SLA type 3D printer. The phantoms were printed with thickness variations of 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm. 8 parameters were used to obtain the best material, namely material density, CT number, electron density (Ne), effective electron density (EDG), electron density per volume (EDV), effective atomic number (Zeff), material constituent elements, and elastic Modulus. Based on comparing the values of 8 parameters, the most potential to be used as phantom material for lung organs is PLA.
Consensus issues in multi-agent-based distributed control with communication link impairments
Authors: Akinwale O. S. , Mojisola D. F. , Adediran P. A.
Published: March 2024

In multi-agent systems, achieving consensus among autonomous agents is a fundamental problem with wide-ranging applications, from autonomous robotics to distributed sensor networks. However, the real-world deployment of such systems often involves communication links prone to impairments, including packet loss, delays, and network congestion. These communication challenges present formidable obstacles to achieving consensus reliably and efficiently. In this paper, consensus protocols were introduced for network with and without communication impairments and convergence analysis were provided in all the cases. The intricate dynamics of consensus issues in multi-agent-based distributed control under the influence of communication link impairments, connectivity and consensus protocol were established. Undirected communication graphs used to model the topology for agents’ connectivity is significant to addressing consensus issues of communicating agents. The paper also discusses the tradeoffs and design considerations in developing consensus strategies resilient to communication failures while optimizing performance. Simulation results show that an isolated agent in a network can achieve consensus only when there is a reference value. It was also established that communication impairments significantly degrade the performance of distributed agents in a network.
An analysis of digital devices as elements of storytelling and emplotment in Kemi Adetiba’s King of Boys II
Authors: Okorie Ihuoma
Published: March 2024

The expansion experienced in the field of technology has blossomed to a level where it is now functional in every field and area of life. This explains its frequent appearance in modern Nigerian films. However, the deployment of digital devices as appropriate props and their relevance in highlighting the thematic concerns in King of Boys II has not received adequate attention. Using the theory of Narratology and the User Interface Model, this paper examines digital devices as props arrogated to characters by the director, used to highlight the film’s thematic concerns through its interface with characters. The study relies on both primary and secondary sources. Analysis is based on four aspects which are set up, complication, development, and climax. Findings show that the user-interface and user-experience provided and showcased an optimal way of presenting the thematic concerns in the film. Thus, as properties deployed by the director, the characters interface with the device is a determinant factor for the experience. In all, the thematic concerns in King of Boys II were highly dependent on the character’s interface with digital devices. Therefore, digital devices are elements of storytelling and emplotment used by the director to reveal key truths about the film and the inner nature of characters.