bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Bacterial Cellulose Composites Loaded with Green Synthesized ZnO and Ag Nanoparticles for Food Packaging
Authors: Deleanu Iuliana Mihaela , Busuioc Cristina , Deleanu Mariana , Stoica-Guzun Anicuţa , Rotaru Mădălina , Ștefan Vasile Alexandru , Isopencu Gabriela
Published: December 2024

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has earned a well-defined place among biopolymers due to its unique physicochemical properties. Unfortunately, native BC lacks antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. To address this limitation, many BC-based nanocomposites with antimicrobial properties have been developed, primarily for applications in the biomedical field, but also for use in food packaging. Many nanoparticles can be incorporated into BC membranes, often in combination with other bioactive molecules. Among the available methods for nanoparticle synthesis, green synthesis has emerged as promising, as it avoids the use of hazardous chemicals. The aim of this paper is to develop and characterize antimicrobial composite materials fabricated using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and bacterial cellulose fibrils loaded with zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles (NPs) obtained using turmeric extract by green synthesis. NP-loaded CMC-BC composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD), and thermal analysis (TA). The antibacterial potential of such composites was tested against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), and Candida albicans (C. albicans).
Integrating Metabolomics Domain Knowledge with Explainable Machine Learning in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Classification
Authors: Santana Everton , Ibrahimi Eliana , Ntalianis Evangelos , Cauwenberghs Nicholas , Kuznetsova Tatiana
Published: December 2024

Metabolomic data often present challenges due to high dimensionality, collinearity, and variability in metabolite concentrations. Machine learning (ML) application in metabolomic analyses is enabling the extraction of meaningful information from complex data. Bringing together domain-specific knowledge from metabolomics with explainable ML methods can refine the predictive performance and interpretability of models used in atherosclerosis research. In this work, we aimed to identify the most impactful metabolites associated with the presence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in cross-sectional case–control studies using explainable ML methods integrated with metabolomics domain knowledge. For this, a subset from the FLEMENGHO cohort with metabolomic data available was used as the training cohort, including 63 patients with a history of ASCVD and 52 non-smoking controls matched by age, sex, and body mass index from the same population. First, Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was applied for dimensionality reduction. The selected metabolites’ correlations were analyzed by considering their chemical categorization. Then, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) was used to identify metabolites that characterize ASCVD. Next, the selected metabolites were evaluated in an external cohort to determine their effectiveness in distinguishing between cases and controls. A total of 56 metabolites were selected for ASCVD discrimination using PLS-DA. The primary identified metabolites’ superclasses included lipids, organic acids, and organic oxygen compounds. Upon integrating these metabolites with the XGBoost model, the classification yielded a test area under the curve (AUC) of 0.75. SHAP analyses ranked cholesterol, 3-methylhistidine, and glucuronic acid among the most impactful features and showed the diversity of metabolites considered for building the ASCVD discriminator. Also using XGBoost, the selected metabolites achieved an AUC of 0.93 in an independent external validation cohort. In conclusion, the combination of different metabolites has the potential to build classifiers for ASCVD. Integrating metabolite categorization within the SHAP analysis further enhanced the interpretability of the model, offering insights into metabolite-specific contributions to ASCVD risk.
Genes, Gene Loci, and Their Impacts on the Immune System in the Development of Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Arneth Borros
Published: December 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a condition that is characterized by damage to the central nervous system (CNS) that causes patients to experience cognitive and physical difficulties. Although the disease has a complex etiology that involves genetic and environmental factors, little is known about the role of genes and gene loci in its development. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effects of genes and gene loci on the immune system during the development of MS. We aimed to identify the main genes and gene loci that play roles in MS pathogenesis and the implications for the future development of clinical treatment approaches. A systematic review of articles published over the last decade was conducted. This review focused on studies about the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying MS onset and progression. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) as well as papers describing the role of the immune system in disease development were prioritized. Key genetic loci and immune system-related genes, such as HLA class II genes, are associated with MS susceptibility. Studies have also shown that epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, influence disease progression via the immune system.
Cytomegalovirus-Specific T-Cell-Receptor-like Antibodies Target In Vivo-Infected Human Leukocytes Inducing Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity
Authors: Bewarder Moritz , Christofyllakis Konstantinos , Petersen Milena , Held Gerhard , Smola Sigrun , Carbon Gabi , Bette Birgit , Link Annika , Kiefer Maximilian , Bittenbring Joerg Thomas , Kos Igor Age , Lesan Vadim , Kaddu-Mulindwa Dominic , Thurner Lorenz , Neumann Frank
Published: December 2024

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation after stem cell or solid organ transplantation remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this setting. T-cell receptor (TCR)-like antibodies bind to intracellular peptides presented in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on the cell surface and may have the potential to replace T-cell function in immunocompromised patients. Three previously selected CMV-specific, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted (HLA-A*0101, HLA-A*0201 and HLA-B*0702) Fab-antibodies (A6, C1 and C7) were produced as IgG antibodies with Fc optimization. All antibodies showed specific binding to CMV peptide-loaded tumor cell lines and primary fibroblasts expressing the corresponding MHC-I molecules, leading to specific target cell lysis after the addition of natural killer (NK) cells. When deployed in combination as an antibody pool against target cells expressing more than one matching HLA allele, cytotoxic effects were amplified accordingly. CMV-specific TCR-like antibodies were also able to mediate their cytotoxic effects through neutrophils, which is important considering the delayed recovery of NK cells after stem cell transplantation. When tested on patient blood obtained during CMV reactivation, CMV-specific antibodies were able to bind to and induce cytotoxic effects in lymphocytes. CMV-specific TCR-like antibodies may find application in patients with CMV reactivation or at risk of CMV reactivation. In contrast to previous HLA/peptide-directed therapeutic approaches, the concept of a TCR-like antibody repertoire covering more than one HLA allele would make this therapeutic format available to a much larger group of patients.
Computer-Assisted Strategies as a Tool for Designing Green Monomer-Based Molecularly Imprinted Materials
Authors: Sobiech Monika
Published: December 2024

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are defined as artificial receptors due to their selectivity and specificity. Their advantageous properties compared to biological alternatives have sparked interest among scientists, as detailed in numerous review papers. Currently, there is significant attention on adhering to the principles of green chemistry and environmental protection. In this context, MIP research groups have focused on developing eco-friendly procedures. The application of “greener” monomers and reagents, along with the utilization of computational methodologies for design and property analysis, are two activities that align with the green chemistry principles for molecularly imprinted technology. This review discusses the application of computational methodologies in the preparation of MIPs based on eco-friendly non-acrylic/vinylic monomers and precursors, such as alkoxysilanes, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, bio-based molecules—specifically saccharides, and biomolecules like proteins. It provides a brief introduction to MIP materials, the green aspects of MIP production, and the application of computational simulations. Following this, brief descriptions of the studied monomers, molecular simulation studies of green monomer-based MIPs, and computational strategies are presented. Finally, conclusions and an outlook on the future directions of computational analysis in the production of green imprinted materials are pointed out. To the best of my knowledge, this work is the first to combine these two aspects of MIP green chemistry principles.
Identification of Functional Variants Between Tong Sheep and Hu Sheep by Whole-Genome Sequencing Pools of Individuals
Authors: Tang Xiaoqin , Wang Shuhui , Yi Xiaohua , Li Qi , Sun Xiuzhu
Published: December 2024

Tong sheep, known for their superior meat quality and disease resilience, face breeding challenges due to low prolificacy, unlike Hu sheep, which exhibit higher fertility and growth rates. This study identified over 700,000 genetic variants between these breeds through pooled whole-genome sequencing. Functional analysis reveals key differences in pathways related to fat metabolism, insulin signaling, and cell cycle regulation. Notable findings include unique microRNA variants (miR-1185-3p in Tong sheep and miR-487-5p in Hu sheep), with the miR-487-5p mutation potentially regulating KITLG, a fertility-related gene. These results suggest that non-coding RNA mutations contribute to phenotypic differences and provide a genomic foundation for molecular-assisted selection to improve Tong sheep breeding programs.
The BDNF-Interactive Model for Sustainable Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Humans: Synergistic Effects of Environmentally-Mediated Physical Activity, Cognitive Stimulation, and Mindfulness
Authors: Khalil Mohamed Hesham
Published: December 2024

This paper bridges critical gaps through proposing a novel, environmentally mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-interactive model that promises to sustain adult hippocampal neurogenesis in humans. It explains how three environmental enrichment mechanisms (physical activity, cognitive stimulation, and mindfulness) can integratively regulate BDNF and other growth factors and neurotransmitters to support neurogenesis at various stages, and how those mechanisms can be promoted by the physical environment. The approach enables the isolation of specific environmental factors and their molecular effects to promote sustainable BDNF regulation by testing the environment’s ability to increase BDNF immediately or shortly before it is consumed for muscle repair or brain update. This model offers a novel, feasible method to research environment enrichment and neurogenesis dynamics in real-world human contexts at the immediate molecular level, overcoming the confounds of complex environment settings and challenges of long-term exposure and structural plasticity changes. The model promises to advance understanding of environmental influences on the hippocampus to enhance brain health and cognition. This work bridges fundamental gaps in methodology and knowledge to facilitate more research on the enrichment–neuroplasticity interplay for humans without methodological limitations.
Unraveling the Guardian: p53’s Multifaceted Role in the DNA Damage Response and Tumor Treatment Strategies
Authors: Zhang Han , Xu Jianxiong , Long Yuxuan , Maimaitijiang Ayitila , Su Zhengding , Li Wenfang , Li Jinyao
Published: December 2024

DNA damage can lead to mutations that can alter the function of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, thus promoting the development of cancer. p53 plays a multifaceted and complex role in the DNA damage response and cancer progression and is known as the ‘guardian of the gene’. When DNA damage occurs, p53 is activated through a series of post-translational modifications, which stabilize the protein and enhance its function as a transcription factor. It regulates processes including cell cycle checkpoints, DNA repair and apoptosis, thereby preventing the spread of damaged DNA and maintaining genome integrity. On the one hand, p53 can initiate cell cycle arrest and induce cells to enter the G1/S and G2/M checkpoints, preventing cells with damaged DNA from continuing to proliferate and gaining time for DNA repair. At the same time, p53 can promote the activation of DNA repair pathways, including base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair and other repair pathways, to ensure the integrity of genetic material. If the damage is too severe to repair, p53 will trigger the apoptosis process to eliminate potential cancer risks in time. p53 also plays a pivotal role in cancer progression. Mutations in the p53 gene are frequently found in many cancers, and the mutated p53 not only loses its normal tumor suppressor function but may even acquire pro-cancer activity. Therefore, we also discuss therapeutic strategies targeting the p53 pathway, such as the use of small-molecule drugs to restore the function of wild-type p53, the inhibition of negative regulatory factors and synthetic lethality approaches for p53-deficient tumors. This review therefore highlights the important role of p53 in maintaining genomic stability and its potential in therapeutic strategies for cancer.
Genome-Wide Expression Profiling and Phenotypic Analysis of Downstream Targets Identify the Fox Transcription Factor Jumeau as a Master Regulator of Cardiac Progenitor Cell Division
Authors: Hasan M. Rezaul , Kump Andrew J. , Stepaniak Evelyn C. , Panta Manoj , Shashidhar Kuncha , Katariya Rajnandani , Sabbir Mofazzal K. , Schwab Kristopher R. , Inlow Mark H. , Chen Ye , Ahmad Shaad M.
Published: December 2024

Forkhead box (Fox) transcription factors (TFs) mediate multiple conserved cardiogenic processes in both mammals and Drosophila. Our prior work identified the roles of two Drosophila Fox genes, jumeau (jumu) and Checkpoint suppressor 1-like (CHES-1-like), in cardiac progenitor cell specification and division, and in the proper positioning of cardiac cell subtypes. Fox TF binding sites are also significantly enriched in the enhancers of genes expressed in the heart, suggesting that these genes may play a core regulatory role in one or more of these cardiogenic processes. We identified downstream targets of Jumu by comparing transcriptional expression profiles of flow cytometry-sorted mesodermal cells from wild-type embryos and embryos completely lacking the jumu gene and found that genes with functional annotation and ontological features suggesting roles in cell division were overrepresented among Jumu targets. Phenotypic analysis of a subset of these targets identified 21 jumu-regulated genes that mediate cardiac progenitor cell division, one of which, Retinal Homeobox (Rx), was characterized in more detail. Finally, the observation that many of these 21 genes and/or their orthologs exhibit genetic or physical interactions among themselves indicates that Jumu is a master regulator acting as a hub of a cardiac progenitor cell division-mediating network.
Microneedle-Array-Mediated Transdermal Delivery of GCV-Functionalized Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 Nanoparticles for KSHV Treatment
Authors: Liu Chengjing , Yin Xiuyuan , Xu Huiling , Xu Jianyu , Gong Mengru , Li Zhenzhong , Xu Qianhe , Cao Dongdong , Li Dongmei
Published: December 2024

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a variety of the human gamma-herpesvirus that often leads to the occurrence of malignant tumors. In addition, the occurrence of Kaposi’s sarcoma is a major cause of death among AIDS patients. Ganciclovir (GCV) is the most widely used drug against KSHV infection in the clinic. GCV can restrict the in vivo synthesis of DNA polymerase in KSHV, thereby inhibiting the replication of the herpesvirus. However, GCV still suffers from poor specificity and transmembrane capabilities, leading to many toxic side effects. Therefore, developing a drug delivery system that increases GCV concentrations in target cells remains a significant clinical challenge. In this study, zeolite imidazole salt framework-8 (ZIF-8), a biocompatible porous material constructed by coordinating zinc ions and 2-methylimidazole, was used to load GCV. A nano-delivery system with a microneedle structure was also constructed using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microneedle mold to fabricate MN/GCV@ZIF-8 arrays. These arrays not only offered good skin-piercing capabilities but also significantly inhibited the cleavage and replication of the virus in vivo, exerting an anti-KSHV function. For these reasons, the arrays were able penetrate the skin’s stratum corneum at the tumor site to deliver GCV and play an anti-KSHV role.
Integration and Differentiation of Transplanted Human iPSC-Derived Retinal Ganglion Cell Precursors in Murine Retinas
Authors: Lei Qiannan , Zhang Rong , Yuan Fa , Xiang Mengqing
Published: December 2024

Optic neuropathy such as glaucoma, stemming from retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration, is a leading cause of visual impairment. Given the substantial loss of RGCs preceding clinical detection of visual impairment, cell replacement therapy emerges as a compelling treatment strategy. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) serve as invaluable tools for exploring the developmental processes and pathological mechanisms associated with human RGCs. Utilizing a 3D stepwise differentiation protocol for retinal organoids, we successfully differentiated RGC precursors from hiPSCs harboring a BRN3B-GFP RGC reporter, verified by GFP expression. Intravitreal transplantation of enriched RGC precursors into healthy or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-injured mice demonstrated their survival, migration, and integration into the proper retinal layer, the ganglion cell layer, after 3 weeks. Notably, these transplanted cells differentiated into marker-positive RGCs and extended neurites. Moreover, enhanced cell survival was observed with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory treatments of the host prior to transplantation. These data underscore the potential of transplanted RGC precursors as a promising therapeutic avenue for treating degenerative retinal diseases resulting from RGC dysfunction.
Natural Inhibitors of Salmonella MDR Efflux Pumps AcrAB and AcrD: An Integrated In Silico, Molecular, and In Vitro Investigation
Authors: El-Demerdash Azza S. , Kamel Shimaa A. , Elariny Eman Y. T. , Henidi Hanan , Mahran Yasmin , Alahdal Hadil , Saleh Abdulrahman M. , Ibrahim Rehab A.
Published: December 2024

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella remains a significant global health threat. This study aimed to explore the potential of essential oil components as novel inhibitors of the Salmonella MDR efflux pumps AcrAB and AcrD. Salmonella isolates were characterized for serotype, antibiotic resistance, and efflux pump activity. Essential oil components were screened for inhibitory effects using phenotypic and genotypic methods. In silico docking and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate binding interactions and stability. Salmonella Typhimurium was the predominant serotype with high MDR rates. Efflux pump activity was prevalent. Cumin and cinnamon oils demonstrated promising inhibitory effects on these pumps. Molecular docking simulations revealed strong binding affinities of analyzed compounds to the AcrAB and AcrD binding pocket. The 2-methyl-1-(p-tolyl)propan-2-ol exhibited higher stability within the AcrAB binding pocket compared to (1S,3R,5R)-1-isopropyl-4-methylenebicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-ol within the AcrD binding pocket. Treatment with these oils significantly downregulated efflux pump genes (robA, acrB, mdtB, acrF, acrD, soxS, mdsB, marA). The novel approach of combining in silico and molecular dynamics simulations with precise gene expression analysis provides a valuable framework for future studies aimed at combating MDR Salmonella efflux pumps.
Stress Granules in Infectious Disease: Cellular Principles and Dynamic Roles in Immunity and Organelles
Authors: Kim Jaewhan , Song Chang-Hwa
Published: December 2024

Stress granules (SGs) are membrane-less aggregates that form in response to various cellular stimuli through a process called liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS). Stimuli such as heat shock, osmotic stress, oxidative stress, and infections can induce the formation of SGs, which play crucial roles in regulating gene expression to help cells adapt to stress conditions. Various mRNAs and proteins are aggregated into SGs, particularly those associated with the protein translation machinery, which are frequently found in SGs. When induced by infections, SGs modulate immune cell activity, supporting the cellular response against infection. The roles of SGs differ in viral versus microbial infections, and depending on the type of immune cell involved, SGs function differently in response to infection. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the implication of SGs in immunity and cellular organelles in the context of infectious diseases. Importantly, we explore insights into the regulatory functions of SGs in the context of host cells under infection.
Protein Dynamics in Plant Immunity: Insights into Plant–Pest Interactions
Authors: Zhao Yan , Wang Yanru
Published: December 2024

All living organisms regulate biological activities by proteins. When plants encounter pest invasions, the delicate balance between protein synthesis and degradation becomes even more pivotal for mounting an effective defense response. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which plants regulate their proteins to effectively coordinate immune responses during plant–pest interactions. Additionally, we discuss the main pathway proteins through which pest effectors manipulate host protein homeostasis in plants to facilitate their infestation. Understanding these processes at the molecular level not only deepens our knowledge of plant immunity but also holds the potential to inform strategies for developing pest-resistant crops, contributing to sustainable and resilient agriculture.
Optimal Scheduling of Virtual Power Plants Under a Multiple Energy Sharing Framework Considering Joint Electricity and Carbon Trading
Authors: Li Xue , Zhang Xuan , Zhang Jiannan , Ji Wenlu , Wang Lifeng , Lu Xiaomin , Zhang Jingchen
Published: December 2024

The virtual power plant (VPP) is an excellent approach for mitigating the intermittency and fluctuation of renewable energy sources. The present work proposes an optimal scheduling model for VPPs to leverage the benefits of joint electricity and carbon trading from the perspective of multiple energy-sharing mechanisms. First, the optimal sharing scheduling model of the electric, thermal, and hydrogen energy was established. The model integrates various components, including wind turbines, photovoltaic units, electrolytic cells, combined heat and power units, hydrogen-doped gas boilers, electric energy storage, thermal storage tanks, and hydrogen storage tanks. Then, the model incorporates a tiered carbon trading mechanism to minimize operating and trading costs. Finally, numerical results indicate that, compared with the independent operation of virtual power plants and the lack of joint electricity and carbon trading, the optimal scheduling scheme proposed in this paper reduces the total cost and carbon emissions of the three VPPs by 3.3% and 49.7%, respectively. This demonstrates that the proposed model can effectively reduce the total operating expenses of VPPs by facilitating the allocation of electric, thermal, and hydrogen energy and achieving low-carbon emission operations.
Neural Cell Interactions with a Surgical Grade Biomaterial Using a Simulated Injury in Brain Organotypic Slices
Authors: Wiseman Jessica Patricia , Chari Divya Maitreyi
Published: December 2024

Tissue engineering research for neurological applications has demonstrated that biomaterial-based structural bridges present a promising approach for promoting regeneration. This is particularly relevant for penetrating traumatic brain injuries, where the clinical prognosis is typically poor, with no available regeneration-enhancing therapies. Specifically, repurposing clinically approved biomaterials offers many advantages (reduced approval time and achieving commercial scaleup for clinical applications), highlighting the need for detailed screening of potential neuromaterials. A major challenge in experimental testing is the limited availability of neuromimetic, technically accessible, cost-effective, and humane models of neurological injury for efficient biomaterial testing in injury-simulated environments. Three dimensional (3D) organotypic brain slices bridge the gap between live animal models and simplified co-cultures and are a versatile tool for studies on neural development, neurodegenerative disease and in drug testing. Despite this, their utility for investigation of neural cell responses to biomaterial implantation is poorly investigated. We demonstrate that murine brain organotypic slices can be used to develop a model of penetrating traumatic brain injury, wherein a surgical-grade biomaterial scaffold can be implanted into the lesion cavity. Critically, the model allowed for examination of key cellular responses involved in CNS injury pathology/biomaterial handling: astrogliosis, microglial activation and axonal sprouting. The approach offers a technically simple and versatile methodology to study biomaterial interventions as a regenerative therapy for neurological injuries.
Hydrodynamic Performance Investigations of OWC and Hybrid System: Geometry of OWC and Rectangular Submerged Breakwater
Authors: Xie Guangci , Hu Chao , Li Dong , Ma Yong , Zhang Xu , Zhu Yuanyao
Published: December 2024

Due to its simplicity and high reliability, the Oscillating Water Column (OWC) has been a prominent focus of research. This study investigates the impact of OWC geometry on hydrodynamic performance by analyzing the effects of draft, chamber width, and Power Take Off (PTO) damping on energy conversion efficiency, reflection coefficient, transmission coefficient, and dissipation coefficient. The motion of the water column under different PTO damping conditions is analyzed. In addition, the hydrodynamic performance of the submerged breakwater-OWC hybrid system is studied and compared with that of a standalone OWC. The results show that a higher opening height improves the energy conversion efficiency of the OWC under medium-to-long waves. There is an optimal draft for the OWC to maximize the energy conversion efficiency for different wave periods. Meanwhile, the optimal draft increases with the wave period. Increasing PTO damping does not change the resonance period of the OWC, while the free surface elevation inside the chamber reduces. Within a range of periods around the maximum inclination, multi-point measurements of the wave elevation in the chamber are necessary to reduce measurement errors caused by the spatial non-uniformity of the water column. The submerged breakwater-OWC hybrid system exhibits a higher energy conversion efficiency under medium-to-long waves compared to a standalone OWC, and there is an optimal breakwater length.
Dynamic Response and Fatigue Analysis of a New Marine Gravitational Energy Storage System Under Wave Loads
Authors: Wang Ziheng , Huang Dazhi , He Hongkun , Yang Feifei , Li Wenhao , Chen Yi
Published: December 2024

Given the unstable input of electricity generated by offshore renewable energy in connection to the power grid at present, one solution is energy storage technology. In recent years, the new marine gravitational energy storage technology has received wide attention in China and worldwide. To apply this new energy storage technology for use in the ocean, in view of the structural characteristics of the new offshore gravitational energy storage system, a support structure based on the foundation of a wind-powered pipe frame is proposed. In order to verify the feasibility of the support structure, a finite element model is established using SACS to analyze whether it meets the requirements. The construction of this structure in a specific sea is simulated through finite element simulation. Then, in accordance with the hydrogeological conditions of the sea area, the wind turbine data, and the dimensional parameters of the energy storage system’s structure, a finite element model is established with SACS for static analysis, modal analysis, random wave response analysis, and wave spectrum fatigue analysis, thereby determining whether the structure meets the requirements for strength, deformation, and fatigue. The research results show that the UC value of the static strength of the support structure of the new offshore gravitational energy storage system is less than 1. In the modal analysis, the natural frequencies of the first- and second-order modes are not within the danger range. In the corresponding random wave analysis, it is found that the natural frequencies of the first four orders are the greatest contributors to the dynamic response during the normal operation of the turbine. In fatigue analysis, it is concluded that the structure meets all the requirements of DNV specifications. The research results provide a reference for the engineering application of the support structure of the new gravitational energy storage system in the ocean.
Floating-Transport Characteristics of Integrated Mono-Column Composite Bucket Foundation for Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Chen Pengfei , Xiang Jun , Xiao Yaoyao , Chen Tan , Ren Jianyu , Zhang Puyang
Published: December 2024

In order to achieve the purposes of the transportation and installation of the integrated wind turbine with the mono-column composite bucket foundation, an integrated floating platform has been developed. Taking the integrated towing process of the multi-body coupling system as the research object, a model test with a scale ratio of 1:80 is designed. The influences of environmental factors such as significant wave height, wave period, and the wave incident angle on the motion response of the integrated wind turbine and the floating platform during the floating-transport process, the pressure inside the compartment, and the towing cable force have been studied. The research findings are as follows: (1) Wave height and wave period have a great influence on the integrated wind turbine and the floating platform. With the increase in wave height and wave period, the motion response of the integrated wind turbine and the floating platform increases, the air pressure fluctuation in the bucket foundation compartment becomes more and more intense, and the towing cable force required for towing also increases and fluctuates more violently. (2) When the wave incident angle changes from 0° to 45°, the pitching motion frequency of the integrated wind turbine significantly increases, the overall fluctuation of the compartment pressure in the bucket foundation compartment decreases, the motion response of the floating platform becomes larger, and the towing cable force required for towing also increases accordingly.
Coupled Aero–Hydrodynamic Analysis in Floating Offshore Wind Turbines: A Review of Numerical and Experimental Methodologies
Authors: He Jinlong , Men Xuran , Jiao Bo , Lin Haihua , Sun Hongyuan , Lin Xue-Mei
Published: December 2024

Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) have received increasing attention as a crucial component in renewable energy systems in recent years. However, due to the intricate interactions between aerodynamics and hydrodynamics, accurately predicting the performance and response remains a challenging task. This study examines recent advancements in the coupled aero–hydrodynamic numerical simulations for horizontal-axis FOWTs, categorizing existing research by coupling methods: uncoupled, partially coupled, and fully coupled. The review summarizes models, methodologies, and key parameters investigated. Most partially coupled analyses rely on forced oscillation, while the interplay between aerodynamics and elasticity, as well as interactions among multiple FOWTs, remain under-explored. Additionally, this review describes relevant physical model tests, including wave basin tests, wind tunnel tests, and real-time hybrid tests (RTHT). Although RTHT faces issues related to system time delays, they have garnered significant attention for addressing scale effects. The paper compares the three coupling methods, emphasizing the importance of selecting the appropriate approach based on specific design stage requirements to balance accuracy and computational efficiency. Finally, it suggests future research directions, offering a meaningful reference for researchers engaged in studying the aero–hydrodynamic behavior of FOWTs.
Estimation of Beach Profile Response on Coastal Hydrodynamics Using LSTM-Based Encoder–Decoder Network
Authors: Lee Yongseok , Chang Sungyeol , Kim Jinhoon , Kim Inho
Published: December 2024

Beach profiles are constantly changing due to external ocean forces. Estimating these changes is crucial to understanding and addressing coastal erosion issues, such as shoreline advance and retreat. To estimate beach profile changes, obtaining long-term, high-resolution spatiotemporal beach profile data is essential. However, due to the limited availability of beach profile survey data both on land and underwater along the coast, generating continuous, high-resolution spatiotemporal beach profile data over extended periods is a critical technological challenge. Therefore, we herein developed a long short-term memory-based encoder–decoder network for effective spatiotemporal representation learning to estimate beach profile responses on temporal scales from weeks to months from coastal hydrodynamics. The proposed approach was applied to 12 transects from seven beaches located in three different littoral systems on the east coast of the Korean Peninsula, where coastal erosion problems are severe. The performance of the proposed method demonstrated improved results compared with a recent study that performed the same beach profile estimation task, with an average root mean square error of 0.50 m. Moreover, most of the results exhibited a reasonably accurate morphological shape of the estimated beach profile. However, instances where the results exceed the average error are attributed to extreme beach morphological changes caused by storm waves such as typhoons.
Reliable, Energy-Optimized, and Void-Aware (REOVA), Routing Protocol with Strategic Deployment in Mobile Underwater Acoustic Communications
Authors: Khan Muhammad Umar , Aamir Muhammad , Otero Pablo
Published: December 2024

The Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks have gained significant attention because of their wide range of applications in submerged environments. However, ensuring reliable and energy-efficient communication in the submerged environment is challenging due to their distinctive characteristics such as limited energy resources, dynamic topology, extended propagation delays, and node mobility. Additionally, the void hole problem in submerged environments arises due to randomized node deployment. To curtail these issues, this paper introduces a novel way of strategically deploying the nodes based on the underwater depth parameters, which can reduce the likelihood of void hole occurrence. An optimal number of clusters based on the fixed transmission range of cluster heads is used to cater to extensive energy usage. In the proposed routing protocol, the path selection is based on the residual energy, link quality, and proximity to a higher number of nodes. Extensive simulations have been conducted by varying network parameters to analyze the network performance in terms of energy expenditure, packet delivery ratio, network throughput, number of dead nodes, and end-to-end delays. Also, the proposed work provides a performance comparison with some state-of-the-art protocols and exhibits promising results.
Enhancing the Integration of Pre-Emptive Pharmacogenetic (PGx) Testing in Primary Care: Prioritizing Underserved Patients’ Preferences in Implementation
Authors: Bryan Emma G. , Lunsford Kelsey , Mullis Michaela D. , McFarlane Antionette , Elwood Erica , Gawronski Brian E. , Duarte Julio D. , Fisher Carla L.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The integration of pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing into primary care has not been widely implemented, despite its benefits for patients and providers. PGx testing could also reduce health disparities as patients with lower healthcare access are prescribed higher proportions of medications with PGx guidelines. Little is known about the preferences of patients who have experienced PGx testing to inform implementation across the care process. This qualitative study aimed to refine implementation by capturing patient preferences on (1) testing and prescription timing, (2) patient–clinician discussion of results during post-test counseling, and (3) usability of a card during results dissemination. Methods: Interviews were conducted with 25 primary care patients from clinics primarily serving medically underserved populations. Interview transcripts were thematically analyzed using a constant comparative approach. Results: While patients supported both reactive and pre-emptive testing, they valued pre-emptive PGx testing because it is proactive for future health needs, expedites treatment, and is convenient. Patients’ preferences for receiving prescriptions depended on several factors: having immediate access to needed medications, avoiding experiencing medication side effects and interactions, avoiding taking ineffective medications, and avoiding inconveniences. Patients identified three issues critical to patient–clinician interactions when receiving testing results: information specific to medications, clarification and further information about their results, and enhanced clinician accessibility related to the results. Lastly, they liked that the results card could facilitate discussions with clinicians and was informative and convenient but said it lacked clarity. Conclusions: These findings should inform implementation strategies for integrating PGx testing in primary care for underserved patients.
High Revision Rate After Transphyseal ACL Reconstruction in Skeletally Immature Patients
Authors: Bartek Benjamin , Jung Tobias , Lackner Theresa , Schatka Imke , Gwinner Clemens , Walter-Rittel Thula
Published: December 2024

Objectives: There remains considerable debate regarding the optimal management of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in skeletally immature patients. This study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes of transphyseal ACL reconstruction in patients with open growth plates. Methods: This retrospective study included skeletally immature patients with full-thickness ACL tears and confirmed open physis. ACL reconstructions were performed using a four-strand semitendinosus autograft, with an additional gracilis tendon graft if needed. The surgical technique emphasized tibial and femoral physeal-sparing tunnel placement to minimize disruption of the growth plates. Clinical assessment included measurements for limb length discrepancy, knee stability, and growth disturbances. Functional outcomes were evaluated using IKDC 2000, Lysholm, and KOOS scores, while ligament stability was assessed with KT-1000 arthrometer measurements at routine follow-up. Results: A total of 31 consecutive patients (15 females, 16 males; mean age 13.6 ± 1.8 years, range 9–16 years) were included. Mean follow-up was 49 ± 26 months (range 18–93 months). The mean time to return to sports was 8.8 ± 4.4 months. Eight patients (26%) experienced ACL graft rupture and underwent revision ACL reconstruction. One additional patient required partial meniscectomy. The overall revision rate was 29%. The mean subjective IKDC score was 91.8 ± 7.2, with Lysholm and KOOS scores of 96.6 ± 7.9 and 94.2 ± 5.3, respectively. No significant growth disturbances were noted. The mean side-to-side difference in KT-1000 testing was 2.2 ± 1.5 mm. Patients who underwent revision ACL reconstruction showed significantly greater length growth compared with those with intact ACL reconstruction (p = 0.02). Spearman correlation revealed a significant association between length growth and anterior tibial translation (p = 0.02, r = 0.46). Conclusions: Transphyseal ACL reconstruction in skeletally immature patients provides favorable clinical and radiological outcomes, with minimal risk of growth disturbance. Most patients returned to pre-injury levels of athletic activity. However, the high revision rate emphasizes the complexity of managing ACL injuries in this population.
Enhancing Large Language Model Reliability: Minimizing Hallucinations with Dual Retrieval-Augmented Generation Based on the Latest Diabetes Guidelines
Authors: Lee Jaedong , Cha Hyosoung , Hwangbo Yul , Cheon Wonjoong
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Large language models (LLMs) show promise in healthcare but face challenges with hallucinations, particularly in rapidly evolving fields like diabetes management. Traditional LLM updating methods are resource-intensive, necessitating new approaches for delivering reliable, current medical information. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel retrieval system to enhance LLM reliability in diabetes management across different languages and guidelines. Methods: We developed a dual retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) system integrating both Korean Diabetes Association and American Diabetes Association 2023 guidelines. The system employed dense retrieval with 11 embedding models (including OpenAI, Upstage, and multilingual models) and sparse retrieval using BM25 algorithm with language-specific tokenizers. Performance was evaluated across different top-k values, leading to optimized ensemble retrievers for each guideline. Results: For dense retrievers, Upstage’s Solar Embedding-1-large and OpenAI’s text-embedding-3-large showed superior performance for Korean and English guidelines, respectively. Multilingual models outperformed language-specific models in both cases. For sparse retrievers, the ko_kiwi tokenizer demonstrated superior performance for Korean text, while both ko_kiwi and porter_stemmer showed comparable effectiveness for English text. The ensemble retrievers, combining optimal dense and sparse configurations, demonstrated enhanced coverage while maintaining precision. Conclusions: This study presents an effective dual RAG system that enhances LLM reliability in diabetes management across different languages. The successful implementation with both Korean and American guidelines demonstrates the system’s cross-regional capability, laying a foundation for more trustworthy AI-assisted healthcare applications.
A New Endogenous–Exogenous Factor Framework to Analyze China’s Distinctive Land Supply Participation in Macro-Control Processes During the 2001–2021 Period
Authors: Tian Yingying , Jiang Guanghui , Tian Yaya
Published: December 2024

Investigating the experience and improvement measures for China’s distinctive land supply participation in macro-control processes holds significance for full utilization of land policy. However, the spatial heterogeneity and its theoretical and comprehensive analysis of drivers are still poorly revealed. This paper uses spatial analysis methods and micro-scale big data on land transactions to depict the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of land supply, and analyses its driving mechanisms via an endogenous–exogenous factor framework and regression models. Land supply experienced fluctuating “growth–decline–growth” trends in 2001–2021, spatially showed a large cluster in the east, a small cluster in the center and scattering in the west, with the gravity center relocating southwest, and formed a multi-core, hierarchical, circular structure of high density in core cities, density in peripheral cities and sparseness in districts. Endogenously, total land resources and road accessibility facilitated land supply, while topographic relief and urban proximity showed inhibitory effects; land supply positively correlated with land finance dependence, officials’ appraisal pressure, local government competition and officials’ corruption but negatively related with fiscal tax revenues and fiscal transparency; construction land indicators directly determined land supply, while the intensity of use control restricted the conversion of arable land and weakened land supply. Exogenously, urbanization, industrialization, capital investment, technological innovation and marketization level promoted land supply, while the substitution of human capital reduced the demand for land; economic fluctuations showed non-significant relationships with land supply. Differentiated impacts of multiple factors on land supply pattern are emphasized and should be integrated into formulating land policy and optimizing land allocation.
Spatial Distribution, Source Apportionment, and Pollution Assessment of Toxic Metals Around Agricultural Soils Based on APCS-MLR Receptor Modelling: A Case Study of the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountains
Authors: Nueraihemaiti Buasi , Asaiduli Halidan , Abliz Abudugheni , Ye Panqing , Liu Xianhe
Published: December 2024

To investigate the contamination status and analyze the sources of soil toxic metal contamination on the northern slopes of the East Tianshan mountain industrial belt in Xinjiang, northwest China, this study measured the contents of six common toxic metals such as Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Hg and As in 82 surface soil (0–20 cm), and using the ground accumulation index, pollution load index, and improved weighted index assessed the contamination characteristics of the soil and using a semi-variance function and APCS-MLR model the identified the potential sources of contamination. The results indicate that the average concentrations of Pb, Hg, and As are significantly higher than the background values in Xinjiang. The average ranking of toxic metal content is as follows: Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu > Hg > as. A single-factor pollution index analysis shows that As and Pb pollution are severe, while Hg and Cu pollution are moderate. The improved weighted index shows that moderate lead pollution accounts for 6.1% and severe lead pollution accounts for 54.88%; 98.88% of arsenic is severely contaminated. The APCS-MLR model identified three main sources of heavy metals: Cu and Cr as industrial production sources, Pb and Zn as transportation and agricultural activity sources, and As, Cr, Cu, Hg, and Zn as natural and mixed pollution sources. This study provides a solid scientific basis for the prevention and control of toxic metal pollution in agricultural soils, thus ensuring food security and sustainable development in the region.