bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PACIENTO SVEIKATOS PRIEŽIŪROS (LIGONINĖS) PASIRINKIMAS IR KOKYBĖ: LITERATŪROS APŽVALGA IR ATVEJO (LIETUVA) ANALIZĖ
Authors: Janušonis Vinsas
Published: January 2019

Darbo tikslas: išanalizuoti ir įvertinti paciento sveika­tos priežiūros (ligoninės) pasirinkimo galimybę, šiam procesui įtakos turinčius veiksnius bei jų sąsajas su kokybe ekonomiškai išsivysčiusiose šalyse ir Lietu­voje. Analizuota įvairių šalių mokslinės publikacijos, nagrinėjančios sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų (ligoni­nių) pasirinkimą, teisės aktai, statistiniai duomenys, pacientų apklausos anketos. Medžiaga sisteminta ir vertinta. Darbe pateikta pacientų pasirinkimo kon­cepcija, atskleistas šio proceso sudėtingumas ir jį ap­sprendžiantys ar paveikūs veiksniai. Pateikta trumpa pacientų pasirinkimo Lietuvoje ir ligoninėje analizė. Daroma išvada, kad ligoninės pasirinkimas yra su­dėtingas procesas, sąlygojamas įvairių veiksnių, or­ganizacijos bei paciento charakteristikų, teigiamai veikiantis sveikatos priežiūros kokybę.
TRIMAČIO SPAUSDINIMO OTORINOLARINGOLOGIJOJE PERSPEKTYVOS
Authors: Šiupšinskienė Nora , Laukaitienė Agnė , Norkutė-Macijauskė Urtė , Norkienė Sigutė
Published: January 2019

Trimatis spausdinimas, arba adityvus gaminimas (angl. additive manufacturing) - tai vientiso, prak­tiškai bet kokios formos objekto gaminimo procesas iš skaitmeninio modelio, kai skirtingomis formomis sudedami sluoksniai. Nors ši technologija atsirado dar XX amžiaus devintame dešimtmetyje, iki XXI amžiaus antro dešimtmečio tokie spausdintuvai buvo naudojami tik komerciniais tikslais. Straipsnyje pa­teikiama mokslinės literatūros apžvalga apie trimačio spausdinimo tipus, technologijas ir trimačio spausdi­nimo panaudojimo galimybes otorinolaringologijoje.
ŽALOS PRIVALOMOJO SVEIKATOS DRAUDIMO FONDO BIUDŽETUI KONCEPTUALIZACIJA
Authors: Jucys Darius , Paulikienė Birutė
Published: January 2019

Asmens sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų Žalos privalo­mojo sveikatos draudimo fondo biudžetui samprata tiek moksliniu tiek praktiniu lygmeniu aptariama labai retai. Dėl sudėtingos apmokėjimo už asmens sveikatos priežiūros paslaugas įstaigoms sistemos, mišraus pobūdžio - sutartinių ir administracinių san­tykių tarp teritorinių ligonių kasų ir asmens sveika­tos priežiūros įstaigų, praktikoje yra problematiškas objektyvios Žalos Privalomojo sveikatos draudimo fondo biudžetui nustatymas. Šiame straipsnyje, re­miantis teisės aktų nuostatomis, teismų praktikos ana­lize, siekiama pateikti Žalos Privalomojo sveikatos draudimo fondui sampratos koncepciją.
THE SITUATION OF LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF PAULISTA, PERNAMBUCO, BRAZIL
Authors: Batista do Nascimento Jamerson , Brandão Eduardo , Diogo da Silva Fabio , Damo Bernart Fabiana , Rocha Abraham
Published: January 2019

Cases of Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) have been notified since 1959 in the municipality of Paulista, yet it is still considered an LF-free area. The purpose of this study was to describe the situation of Paulista Health Department. The data were gathered via antigenic surveys carried out in the town, using POC-ICT-AD12 tests. A total of 1,000 individuals, aged 10 and over, were examined in the neighborhoods of Mirueira, Engenho Maranguape, Janga and Maranguape II (250 individuals in each district). Among the individuals evaluated, seven (0,7%) tested positive for antigens using CFA POC-ICT-AD12, 5 out of 250 (2.0%) in the Engenho Maranguape neighborhood and 2 out of 250 (0.8%) in Janga. In this group, one particular individual presented microfilaremia, quantified at 5 Mf/mL. These results suggest that the municipality of Paulista might be a “silent” source of LF continuous transmission, fact that could impact negatively on the goals of the GPELF program meant to provide certification of parasitic disease control and elimination by the year 2022.
Construir y educar espacios de paz. Reflexiones sobre educación y filosofía
Authors: Espinoza Arce Juan
Published: January 2019

Una de las reflexiones que las ciencias sociales han venido abordando en los ´últimos años es la referente a la interpretación que se realiza de los espacios, de los cruces culturales, de las zonas y lugares tanto metafóricos como reales. Es a partir de esto, que nuestro texto busca abordar los llamados “espacios de paz”. La tesis central de nuestro texto es sostener que es posible y necesario construir y educar espacios de paz en vistas a la intersubjetividad, al respeto entre los sujetos sobre todo a la unión que se vive en la diferencia y a la imaginación de nuevas condiciones de vida más humanas.
El tiempo de la vida: antropología, técnica y modernidad. Reflexión sobre la pérdida de sentido en el mundo actual
Authors: Sales Sanahuja Juan Carlos
Published: January 2019

El siguiente ensayo quiere mostrar cómo algunas de las teorías filosóficas y sociológicas más actuales mantienen una relación con aquello que teóricos de la historia conceptual, en su reflexión sobre la Modernidad, habían dispuesto en diferentes categorías y conceptos. Se hablará, en un primer momento, de las nociones esenciales del filósofo alemán Hans Blumenberg, en relación con las premisas antropológicas que dan respuesta al acontecer científico-técnico moderno. Esto servirá para adentrarse en el terreno de la Lebenswelt husserliana y producir así un rico diálogo entre Blumenberg y Husserl, destacando tanto puntos de encuentro como de divergencia sobre el papel de la ciencia. La última parte estará dedicada a detectar la confluencia de estas reflexiones con algunos de los paradigmas sociológicos actuales de la mano de Zygmunt Bauman y Hartmut Rosa.
Sobre la institucionalización y la filosofía: cuatro miradas en torno a filosofía y educación
Authors: Lucero Díaz Nathalia
Published: January 2019

Cuando Platón relata que Sócrates, en su defensa, declara no ser un maestro porque nada tiene que enseñar, deposita sobre los hombros de la filosofía el tema de su institucionalización. Este es un peso que ha cargado como disciplina hasta los sistemas educativos actuales, en los que la filosofía intenta mantener su lugar con graves dificultades, las cuales conllevan preguntas como las siguientes: ¿Puede enseñarse la filosofía? ¿Quiénes son aptos para realizar esta labor? ¿Qué es lo que debe enseñarse?

Cuatro autores remiten a la problemática de la institucionalización y cómo ha repercutido esto en los sistemas educativos: Francisco Bilbao, Arthur Schopenhauer, Friedrich Nietzsche y Jacques Rancière. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo mostrar cómo se relacionan sus propuestas y cuáles son las dificultades que cada uno ve en su época respecto a la ligazón entre filosofía y educación.
El concepto interseccionalidad en el feminismo negro de Patricia Collins
Authors: Santibañez Guerrero Daniel
Published: January 2019

Dentro de las principales corrientes de feminismo político desarrolladas a fines del siglo XX, el feminismo negro constituye con seguridad uno de los intentos filosóficos más exhaustivos en el examen de las bases teóricas del sexismo y la discriminación hacia las mujeres. Dentro de estos planteamientos, el pensamiento de Patricia Collins abordará el nexo histórico y cultural que los conceptos sexo, género y raza presentarían desde la óptica de la “interseccionalidad”, entendiendo la discriminación las mujeres negras como una de las formas últimas (sino la mayor) de exclusión y sometimiento del ser humano.
Regeneración natural en sitios impactados por incendios en la Reserva Biológica Uyuca, Honduras.
Authors: Mora José Manuel , Batista Montenegro Arisleyda E , López Umaña Lucia I
Published: January 2019

Se estudió la riqueza y dominancia de la vegetación producto de la regeneración natural en el bosque de coníferas de la Reserva Biológica Uyuca (Francisco Morazán, Honduras) con uno (T1), siete (T7) y más de 15 años (T15) de haber sido perturbado por incendios. Se establecieron 22 parcelas por tratamiento, 11 parcelas de 1×1 m para muestreo de herbáceas y plántulas de árboles y 11 parcelas de 5×5 m para muestreo de arbustos y bejucos. Se analizaron 3,073 individuos de 79 especies en 36 familias. Las familias con más géneros fueron Fabaceae y Asteraceae. La especie más común en herbáceas y plántulas fue Lysiloma auritum (Schltdl.) Benth. (97 individuos) y estuvo presente solo en T1. Morella cerifera (L.) Small fue la segunda especie de herbáceas y plántulas más común, presente en los tres tratamientos. La mayor abundancia se obtuvo en la categoría de arbustos y bejucos, representada por el helecho Pteridium caudatum (L.) Maxon con 484 individuos y Phyla strigulosa (M. Martens & Galeotti) Moldenke con 287 individuos. Mimosa albida Willd. estuvo presente en los tres tratamientos; Calliandra houstoniana (Mill.) Standl., no se encontró en T15. En las parcelas de 5×5 m también fueron comunes las asteráceas Verbesina agricolarum Standl. & Steyerm. y dos especies de Calea L. La riqueza de especies de herbáceas y plántulas fue diferente entre los tres tratamientos (χ2= 6.4, P= 0.04) con una diferencia mayor entre T1 y T7 (t= -2.37, p= 0.02). Las herbáceas y las plántulas de árboles tuvieron una mayor diversidad en T1 (H΄ Shannon-Weaver = 2.48), mientras que los arbustos y los bejucos fueron más diversos en T15 (H΄= 3.10). La diversidad de arbustos y bejucos fue similar en todos los tratamientos (χ2=1.9, P=0.37). Quizá más importante que las similitudes o diferencias entre los tratamientos, son las especies que allí existen. Varias de las especies encontradas son importantes ecológicamente o para las comunidades cercanas a la reserva.
The Role of the Corporate Governance Committees and the Financial Risk in Islamic Banks: A Field Study in Jordan
Authors: Saadat Mohammad
Published: January 2019

This study has identified the role of the board of directors according to the corporate governance committees and the financial risk, in Islamic bank as a case study in Jordan.In order to achieve the purposes of this study, two kinds of data are adopted. First, data is collected through questionnaires, field visits, for managements of Islamic banks operating in Jordan. Secondary data is collected through books, journals and internent, which has related to the research.The finding of the study that the creation of corporate governance committees resulting from the board of directors in Islamic banks as a result of financial risk. The study concluded a set of recommendations. Finally, financial experiment may not depend exclusively to some members. It is as a first study in Jordanian Islamic banks that explain into account the issue of the board of directors committees role to the corporate governance with the financial risk in Jordan. As well as the lack of studies that examine the theme of corporate governance and financial risk.
14 to 18-year-old Hungarian high-school students' view of mathematicians appearing in the media - a case study
Authors: Lócska Orsolya Dóra , Kovács Zoltán
Published: January 2019

One way to develop positive attitude toward STEM subjects that popular media, including movies and films can be engaged to promote more positive and inclusive STEM images. The movie Hidden numbers offers an opportunity to explore the representations of scholars, especially mathematicians within a biographical drama. Focusing on 5 characters, this article first discusses whether these characters fit into stereotypical scientist image or not. Secondly, we examine how high school students evaluate these characters. We argue that this movie is suitable to promote positive attitude toward STEM subjects.
Mathematical Details on Singular Integral Equation Method for Solving Crack Problems
Authors: Chan Youn-Sha , Koshkin Sergiy
Published: January 2019

This article provides a detail derivation of a singular Fredholm integral equation for the solution of a mixed mode crack problem in a nonhomogeneous medium. The integral equation derived here has already been addressed by F. Delale and F. Erdogan (Delale & Erdogan 1983), one of the most cited and pioneer papers in fracture mechanics that uses singulalr integral equation method (SIEM) to solve crack problems. However, probably due to its limit of paper length, some mathematical details are not provided to bring this powerful method, SIEM, to its full strength. In this paper we fill in the mathematical gaps, and both analytical and numerical parts are addressed in details. Some discussions from the view point of differential equations are given, and new numerical outcomes under different loading functions are provided.
Powłoki kompozytowe Zn/PTFE wytwarzane metodą elektrochemiczną
Authors: Szmigielska Katarzyna , Bartoszek Wojciech , Trzaska Maria
Published: January 2019

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań powłok kompozytowych Zn/PTFE wytwarzanych metodą redukcji elektrochemicznej w kąpieli siarczanowo-boranowej o różnej zawartości fazy dyspersyjnej PTFE. Scharakteryzowano budowę wytworzonych powłok oraz oceniono wpływ wbudowania cząstek PTFE na mikrotwardość wytworzonych powłok kompozytowych Zn/PTFE. Wytworzone powłoki charakteryzują się zwartą, jednolitą budową i dobrym połączeniem ze stalowym podłożem. Wbudowanie cząstek PTFE w cynkową osnowę ma wpływ na strukturę i morfologię wytworzonych powłok kompozytowych, powoduje zwiększenie stopnia rozwinięcia powierzchni powłok oraz zwiększenie twardości materiału powłoki w porównaniu z powłoką cynkową.
Proceedings of the First Workshop on Standards for Microfluidics
Authors: Reyes Darwin R. , van Heeren Henne
Published: January 2019

In the last two decades, the microfluidics/lab-on-a-chip field has evolved from
the concept of micro total analysis systems, where systems with integrated
pretreatment and analysis of chemicals were envisioned, to what is known today as
lab-on-a-chip, which is expected to be modular. This field has shown great potential
for the development of technologies that can make, and to some extent are making, a
big difference in areas such as in vitro diagnostics, point of care testing, organ
on a chip, and many more. Microfluidics plays an essential role in these systems,
and determining the standards needed in this area is critical for enabling new
markets and products, and to advance research and development. Our goal was to bring
together stakeholders from industry, academia, and government to discuss and define
the needs within the field for the development of standards. This publication
contains a summary of the workshop, abstracts from each presentation, and a summary
of the breakout sessions from the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Workshop on Standards for Microfluidics, held on June 1–2, 2017. The workshop was
attended by 46 persons from 26 organizations and 11 countries. This was a unique and
exciting opportunity for stakeholders from all over the world to join in the
discussion of future developments towards standardization in the microfluidics
arena.
Economic Evaluation of Different Organizational Models for the Management of Patients with Hepatitis C
Authors: Fagiuoli Stefano , Pasulo Luisa , Maggiolo Franco , Spinella Rosaria , Del Poggio Paolo , Boldizzoni Roberto , Di Marco Mariella , Aronica Alessandro , Benedetti Chiara , Correale Paolo , Garavaglia Chiara , Nicora Carlo
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND: Access to Directly Acting Antivirals (DAAs) for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) treatment in Italy was initially restricted to severe patients. In 2017, AIFA expanded access to all patients, to achieve elimination by 2030.AIM: To investigate the impact of different hospitals’ organizational models on elimination timing, treatment capacity and direct costs.METHODS: Most Regional healthcare systems in Italy deploy a Center of Excellence (CoE) organizational model, where patients are referred to a single major hospital in the area, which is the only one that can prescribe and deliver DAAs. The study was conducted at Bergamo’s (Lombardy, Italy) Papa Giovanni XXIII hospital (PG-23), which deploys a Hub&Spoke model: the Hub (PG-23) prescribes and delivers DAAs while Spokes (four smaller hospitals) can only prescribe them. The study compares the two models (CoE vs. H&S). Patient journey and workloads were mapped and quantified through interviews with hospital stakeholders. Cost data were collected through the hospital’s IT system; the sample comprised 2,277 HCV patients, over one year.RESULTS: The study calculated the average cost to treat HCV patients (~ € 1,470 per patient). Key cost drivers are lab tests (60%) and specialist visits (30%). Over one year, H&S can treat 68% more patients than CoE. As deferred patients absorb up to 40% of total costs, the “Optimized” model was designed by streamlining specialists’ visits and involving general practitioners during follow-up. “Optimized” model increases treatment capacity and reduces costs of deferred patients by 72% vs CoE.CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates the importance of organizational models in efficiently achieving 2030 elimination.
Is it possible to reconstruct an accurate cell lineage using CRISPR recorders?
Authors: Salvador-Martínez Irepan , Grillo Marco , Averof Michalis , Telford Maximilian J
Published: January 2019

Cell lineages provide the framework for understanding how cell fates are decided during development. Describing cell lineages in most organisms is challenging; even a fruit fly larva has ~50,000 cells and a small mammal has >1 billion cells. Recently, the idea of applying CRISPR to induce mutations during development, to be used as heritable markers for lineage reconstruction, has been proposed by several groups. While an attractive idea, its practical value depends on the accuracy of the cell lineages that can be generated. Here, we use computer simulations to estimate the performance of these approaches under different conditions. We incorporate empirical data on CRISPR-induced mutation frequencies in Drosophila. We show significant impacts from multiple biological and technical parameters - variable cell division rates, skewed mutational outcomes, target dropouts and different sequencing strategies. Our approach reveals the limitations of published CRISPR recorders, and indicates how future implementations can be optimised.

Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
Molecular basis of synaptic specificity by immunoglobulin superfamily receptors in Drosophila
Authors: Cheng Shouqiang , Ashley James , Kurleto Justyna D , Lobb-Rabe Meike , Park Yeonhee Jenny , Carrillo Robert A , Özkan Engin
Published: January 2019

In stereotyped neuronal networks, synaptic connectivity is dictated by cell surface proteins, which assign unique identities to neurons, and physically mediate axon guidance and synapse targeting. We recently identified two groups of immunoglobulin superfamily proteins in Drosophila, Dprs and DIPs, as strong candidates for synapse targeting functions. Here, we uncover the molecular basis of specificity in Dpr–DIP mediated cellular adhesions and neuronal connectivity. First, we present five crystal structures of Dpr–DIP and DIP–DIP complexes, highlighting the evolutionary and structural origins of diversification in Dpr and DIP proteins and their interactions. We further show that structures can be used to rationally engineer receptors with novel specificities or modified affinities, which can be used to study specific circuits that require Dpr–DIP interactions to help establish connectivity. We investigate one pair, engineered Dpr10 and DIP-α, for function in the neuromuscular circuit in flies, and reveal roles for homophilic and heterophilic binding in wiring.
Medical Degree Disparity Among Authors in Obstetrics and Gynecology Journals
Authors: Merritt Brian , Simunich Thomas , Ashurst John
Published: January 2019

Context

With the transition to a single accreditation system for graduate medical education, the scholarly activity among core faculty in osteopathic and allopathic residency programs has come under scrutiny. Currently, major differences in scholarly activity requirements exist between core faculty in obstetrics and gynecology residencies accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and those accredited by the American Osteopathic Association.

Objective

To determine whether there is a disparity between osteopathic and allopathic physicians among authors with original research published in 4 high-impact obstetrics and gynecology journals during 4 select years.

Methods

The authors reviewed Obstetrics & Gynecology (Obstet Gynecol), the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Am J Obstet Gynecol), Fertility and Sterility (Fertil Steril), and Menopause for the degree designation of the first and senior (last) author of each original manuscript for the years of 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. Data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and linear regression.

Results

In total, 3311 articles and 5909 authors were reviewed. Of these authors, 0.80% (47) had a DO degree. Of 1692 authors with dual advanced degrees, only 0.53% (9) had a DO degree. On subgroup analysis of each journal, 0.87% (13 of 1494) of identified authors in Obstet Gynecol, 1.03% (21 of 2038) in Am J Obstet Gynecol, 0.44% (9 of 2030) in Fertil Steril, and 2.20% (4 of 347) in Menopause were osteopathic physicians. During the years studied, no statistically significant trend could be established for first or senior author publication by osteopathic physicians over time, for all 4 journals or for any individual journal.

Conclusion

Very few osteopathic physicians have served as either the first or the senior author in articles published in Obstet Gynecol, Am J Obstet Gynecol, Fertil Steril, or Menopause during the years studied, and no trend was seen for increased publication by osteopathic physicians in these journals over time.
Dose optimization in computed tomography of brain using CARE kV and CARE Dose 4D
Authors: Shah Pooja , Sharma Amish , Gyawali Jayanti , Paudel Sharma , Shrestha Shanta Lall , Maharjan Surendra
Published: January 2019

Background: Computed Tomography (CT) scan of brain is the most widely used CT examination. Latest CT scanners have the potential to deliver very low radiation dose by utilizing tube potential and tube current modulation techniques. We aim to determine the application of CARE kV (tube potential modulation) and CARE Dose4D (tube current modulation) in CT scan of brain. Both CARE kV and CARE Dose4D are well-established innovative technology of Siemens Medical Solutions.

Methodology: A prospective hospital-based study was conducted during four months at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH). The data were collected on a Siemens Somatom Definition Edge 128 slices CT scanner. Non-random purposive sampling technique was employed. Ethical approval and consent to participate were taken for every participant. Non-contrast (NC) CT images were acquired without using CARE kV and CARE Dose4D, whereas during contrast-enhanced (CE) investigation, both were turned on keeping other scanning parameters constant for each individual.

Results: A total of 72 patients, 42 males and 28 females - mean age 41y (range 16-87y) participated in this study. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was 22.0, range 20.1-25.0. The mean value of Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI), Dose Length Product (DLP) and Effective Dose (ED) before and after switching on both CARE kV and CARE Dose4D were 58.19±0.35 and 39.67±3.59 milli-Gray (mGy), 946.67 and 652.58 mGy-cm, and 1.98 and 1.36 milli-Sievert (mSv) respectively.

Conclusion: CARE kV and CARE Dose4D can reduce radiation dose in CT scan of brain without loss of image quality.
Designing online species identification tools for biological recording: the impact on data quality and citizen science learning
Authors: Sharma Nirwan , Colucci-Gray Laura , Siddharthan Advaith , Comont Richard , van der Wal René
Published: January 2019

In recent years, the number and scale of environmental citizen science programmes that involve lay people in scientific research have increased rapidly. Many of these initiatives are concerned with the recording and identification of species, processes which are increasingly mediated through digital interfaces. Here, we address the growing need to understand the particular role of digital identification tools, both in generating scientific data and in supporting learning by lay people engaged in citizen science activities pertaining to biological recording communities. Starting from two well-known identification tools, namely identification keys and field guides, this study focuses on the decision-making and quality of learning processes underlying species identification tasks, by comparing three digital interfaces designed to identify bumblebee species. The three interfaces varied with respect to whether species were directly compared or filtered by matching on visual features; and whether the order of filters was directed by the interface or a user-driven open choice. A concurrent mixed-methods approach was adopted to compare how these different interfaces affected the ability of participants to make correct and quick species identifications, and to better understand how participants learned through using these interfaces. We found that the accuracy of identification and quality of learning were dependent upon the interface type, the difficulty of the specimen on the image being identified and the interaction between interface type and ‘image difficulty’. Specifically, interfaces based on filtering outperformed those based on direct visual comparison across all metrics, and an open choice of filters led to higher accuracy than the interface that directed the filtering. Our results have direct implications for the design of online identification technologies for biological recording, irrespective of whether the goal is to collect higher quality citizen science data, or to support user learning and engagement in these communities of practice.
Protein crystallization and structure determination at room temperature in the CrystalChip
Authors: Pachl Petr , Coudray Léna , Vincent Romain , Nilles Léa , Scheer Hélène , Ritzenthaler Christophe , Fejfarová Adéla , Řezáčová Pavlína , Engilberge Sylvain , Sauter Claude
Published: November 2024

The production of high‐quality crystals is a key step in crystallography in general, but control of crystallization conditions is even more crucial in serial crystallography, which requires sets of crystals homogeneous in size and diffraction properties. This protocol describes the implementation of a simple and user‐friendly microfluidic device that allows both the production of crystals by the counter‐diffusion method and their in situ analysis by serial crystallography. As an illustration, the whole procedure is used to determine the crystal structure of three proteins from data collected at room temperature at a synchrotron radiation source.
Recent Advances in Perovskite Oxides for Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Structures, Mechanisms, and Strategies for Performance Enhancement
Authors: Sun Xiong , Yuan Ying , Liu Shuzhi , Zhao Hongqing , Yao Suqiang , Sun Yuying , Zhang Mingyue , Liu Yijiang , Lin Zhiqun
Published: November 2024

Perovskite‐type oxides are widely employed as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts due to their tunable composition, diverse structure, abundant natural reserves, remarkable stability, and low cost. The intrinsic OER electrocatalytic activity of these perovskite oxides is generally enhanced by improving conductivity, increasing specific surface area, and optimizing the adsorption of oxygen‐containing intermediates. This is achieved through rationally designed strategies, including compositional engineering, defect engineering, hybridization, and surface regulation. In this review, recent advances in perovskite oxides for OER are summarized, with a focus on exploring structure‐performance relationships. This review provides a brief introduction to the application of perovskite oxides in OER, followed by the classification and characteristics of these perovskite oxides. The primary OER catalytic mechanisms, and well‐established activity descriptors are discussed. The key strategies are concentrated for enhancing OER activity, including composition engineering, defect engineering, hybridization, and surface reconstruction. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in developing high‐performance perovskite oxides as OER electrocatalysts are presented.
A Polysaccharide Metal Phenolic Network Nanocomposite for Theranostic Applications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Hu Jianlun , Wang Xiaofeng , Sun Qi , Yang Shuyang , Feng Min , Zhang Tao , Hong Hao
Published: November 2024

Nanotechnology has significantly facilitated the diagnosis and therapy of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To obtain better therapeutic efficacy, a nanoplatform built from polysaccharides and metal‐phenolic networks (MPN) is developed here to enhance retention in the damaged intestinal region and modulate systemic immunological status in IBD models. Polysaccharides from tragacanth gum (GUM) are coordinated with iron and further interact with shikonin (Shik) to obtain a nanocomposite named Shik‐Fe@GUM. Shik‐Fe@GUM demonstrates strong and persistent accumulation in the inflamed intestinal region, which is validated in clinical specimens from IBD patients, cocultured cellular models, and living animals. Shik‐Fe@GUM served as a strong scavenger for reactive oxygen or nitrogen species in inflamed tissues or cells, and alleviated local and systemic inflammatory status by cytokine downregulation. In addition, Shik‐Fe@GUM restored the functions of damaged colonic barriers and mitigate disease activity index. The working mechanisms of Shik‐Fe@GUM are also explored and genetic sequencing results revealed that Shik‐Fe@GUM imposed its treatment effect from attenuating major inflammatory pathways. In particular, Shik‐Fe@GUM can modulate IL‐17RA relevant cell signaling and reduce the recruitment of Th17 cells (T helper cell 17). This polysaccharide‐metal‐functional molecule hybrid strategy can be broadly applicable to other IBD drugs and enhance their therapeutic index in patients.
Reverse Oriented Dual‐Interface Built‐in Electric Fields of Robust Pd1Mo1Ta2Oα Bifunctional Electrocatalysis for Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Lu Jun , Huang Kai , Lee Hongdae , Huang Shengyang , Fu Hao , Wang Hui , Liu Sixiao , Min Donghyun , Lian Cheng , Park Ho Seok
Published: November 2024

It is imperative yet challenging for developing highly efficient multifunctional electrocatalysts for future sustainable energy pursuits. Herein, dual‐interface reinforced reverse orientation of built‐in electric fields (BIEFs) is reported in Pd1Mo1Ta2Oα in‐plane heterostructure, where amorphous Ta2O5 and PdOδ particles are confined to PdMo nanosheet, for robust bifunctional electrocatalysts of rechargeable zinc–air batteries. The as‐synthesized electrocatalyst (Pd1Mo1Ta2Oα) exhibits remarkable catalytic activity toward oxygen reduction (Eon = 0.95 V, E1/2 = 0.81 V) and oxygen evolution (η10 = 401 mV) reactions with high kinetics and operational stability. These enhanced bifunctional electrocatalytic activities of Pd1Mo1Ta2Oα are attributed to the synergistic collaboration of dual‐interface BIEFs, where PdMo || PdOδ initiating BIEF1 orientation is parallel to OER external electric field (ExEF) and Ta2O5 || PdOδ/PdMo initiating BIEF2 orientation is parallel to ORR ExEF. In particular, the rechargeable zinc‐air battery (ZAB) with the as‐designed Pd1Mo1Ta2Oα electrocatalysts delivers a high specific capacity of 1050 mAh g−1 and stable voltage profiles over 800 cycles. Therefore, this work provides the structural and interfacial designs of bifunctional electrocatalysts with the reverse oriented BIEFs that synergistically enhance intrinsic catalytic activity and electronic transport for both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
Hybrid Oxidization of Ethylene Glycol on Defective Ag‐PtPd Electrocatalyst Beyond 3000 h Stability at an Industrial‐Scale Current Density
Authors: Yang Ying , Cao Xuebo , Huang Lin , Li Quankun , Gu Li , Yan Zheng , Li Mengli , Cheng Ruobin , Lu Zhufeng , Wang Ai‐Jun , Yang Wenchao
Published: November 2024

Electrochemical oxidization of crude ethylene glycol (EG) to fine chemicals driven by sustainable energy is an eco‐friendly solution to the upcycling of end‐of‐life polyethylene terephthalate (PET) wastes. Here, pseudo Agx‐PtyPdz core–shell electrocatalyst capable of hybrid oxidation of EG to formate (FA) is designed and synthesized. The trimetallic system consists of Ag nanowire and ultrathin PtPd alloy skin with defects, such as holes and grooves. The defects expose the Ag core to the surroundings and convert Ag0 to Ag2+ active species at appropriate potential (> 1.2 V vs RHE). Thus, hybrid EG oxidization reaction is realized on the Agx‐PtyPdz electrocatalyst, where PtPd skin catalyzes EG oxidization through conventional Faradaic electrode process owing to inherent activities of Pt and Pd, while Ag2+ serves as auxiliar oxidant to oxidize EG/intermediates (non‐Faradaic reaction). Such a hybrid oxidization strategy reinforces the removal of adsorbates on Agx‐PtyPdz electrocatalyst and refresh the active sites timely. Eventually, ultrahigh specific activity (24.45 A mg−1PtPd) and long‐term stability (> 3000 h at current density ≥ 400 mA cm−2) are delivered by the system. The finding of Ag2+‐enhanced alcohol oxidization reactions introduces a new paradigm for designing high‐performance electrocatalysts for energy and environmental applications.
Ag Nanoparticle Ink for High‐Resolution Printed Electrodes and Organic Thin‐Film Transistors Using Reverse‐Offset Printing
Authors: Suzuki Yamato , Kumaki Daisuke , Kikkawa Taichi , Yoshioka Toshiki , Horigome Shunsuke , Takeda Yasunori , Sekine Tomohito , Tokito Shizuo
Published: November 2024

Reverse‐offset printing is capable of ultrafine printing at the submicron scale and may be applied to the fabrication process of electronic devices. In this study, the composition of Ag nanoparticle ink is investigated suitable for reverse‐offset printing using Ag nanoparticles synthesized by a thermal decomposition method via oxalate‐bridging silver alkylamine complexes. The suitability of Ag nanoparticle ink for the blanket is considered while focusing on the absorption characteristics, wettability, and drying properties. Using the synthesized Ag nanoparticle ink, the reverse‐offset printing conditions are optimized, successfully forming submicron‐scale ultrafine patterns. The successful fabrication of fully printed organic thin‐film transistors (TFTs) is also achieved with a significantly short (1 µm) channel using reverse‐offset printing. A maximum mobility of 1.25 cm2 Vs−1 at an operating voltage of less than 5 V is achieved in the printed organic TFT with a 5‐µm channel.
Machine Learning‐Based Estimation of Experimental Artifacts and Image Quality in Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Corbetta Elena , Bocklitz Thomas
Published: November 2024

Reliable characterization of image data is fundamental for imaging applications, FAIR data management, and an objective evaluation of image acquisition, processing, and analysis steps in an image‐based investigation of biological samples. Image quality assessment (IQA) often relies on human visual perception, which is not objective, or reference ground truth images, which are not often available. This study presents a method for a comprehensive IQA of microscopic images, which solves these issues by employing a set of reference‐free metrics that estimate the presence of experimental artifacts. The metrics are jointly validated on a semisynthetic dataset and are tested on experimental images. Finally, the metrics are employed in a machine learning model, demonstrating their effectiveness for automatic artifact classification through multimarker IQA. This work provides a reliable reference‐free method for IQA in optical microscopy, which can be integrated into the experimental workflow and tuned to address specific artifact detection tasks.
Mechanochemical‐Induced Swelling–Activation of a Gastric‐Deployable 4D‐Printed Polypill Inspired by Natural Hygromorphic Actuators
Authors: Chachlioutaki Konstantina , Papas Nikolaos , Chatzis Zisis , Katsamenis Orestis L. , Robinson Stephanie K. , Tsongas Konstantinos , Bouropoulos Nikolaos , Fatouros Dimitrios G. , Tzetzis Dimitrios , Karavasili Christina
Published: November 2024

Gastroretentive drug delivery systems can improve adherence in patients with chronic diseases (CDs), but current options lack dose flexibility and involve complex fabrication methods. Inspired by the hygroscopic deformation observed in multilayered pine cone scales, wherein hydration of the outer active layer induces cone closure, a one‐step fabrication method of a personalized 4D‐printed water‐actuated four‐arm polypill is demonstrated in this study. The bilayer‐arm polypill self‐deploys upon ingestion to prolong gastric retention and sustain drug release. By inversing the orientation of the swellable active layer at the polypill arms compared to pine cone scales, a differential swelling strain develops generating bending force that enables polypill deployment to constrain passage through the pylorus. Finite‐element analysis is used to model spatial changes in polymer phase swelling to ensure adequate deployment within the timeframe of gastric emptying. In a stomach model, the polypill expanded to 30 mm over 2 h, exceeding the diameter of the stomach model's distal end. In an in vitro release screening, biocompatible polymer composites capable of providing up to 6 days of release for a three‐drug combination for tuberculosis–HIV coinfected patients are identified. The bioinspired 4D‐printed polypill can serve as drug delivery platform for a range of CDs.
Sniffing out morphological convergence in the turbinal complex of myrmecophagous placentals
Authors: Wright Mark , Martinez Quentin , Ferreira‐Cardoso Sérgio , Lebrun Renaud , Dubourguier Benjamin , Delsuc Frédéric , Fabre Pierre‐Henri , Hautier Lionel
Published: November 2024

The length of the snout in mammals has important evolutionary consequences for the functional systems housed within the rostrum. However, whether increased snout lengths lead to expanded olfactory performance has rarely been examined. Here, we investigate inner rostral function among 10 species of myrmecophagous (ant‐ and/or termite‐eating) placental mammals and 10 closely related species. We use nondestructive computed tomography scanning methods to characterize inner rostral function based on the underlying morphology of the turbinal bones in the nasal cavity. Three approaches were chosen to address this question, including the quantification of functional turbinal surface area, the quantification of functional turbinal three‐dimensional complexity, and geometric morphometrics. By including non‐model species from several different mammalian orders, we were able to extend the discussion surrounding turbinal homologies to comparisons across mammals. Our results show no increased olfactory function in all myrmecophagous species relative to their sister taxa, which suggests that there is no trade‐off for increased olfactory capabilities in myrmecophagous species with elongated snouts. We found no evidence of convergence in turbinal morphology among all five myrmecophagous lineages. However, we found evidence of morphological convergence in the turbinals between the giant armadillo and the aardvark, suggesting a more complex interplay between the evolution of turbinal morphology and ecological correlates. While myrmecophagy alone may not be a strong enough ecological signal to overcome phylogenetic and developmental constraints, we suggest that this might be the case at the intersection of this dietary specialization with a primarily underground lifestyle where odorants may be difficult to detect.
Stabwerkmodelle für indirekt gelagerte Stahlbetonbalken
Authors: Reineck Karl‐Heinz , Frettlöhr Björn
Published: November 2024

Bei indirekter Lagerung von Stahlbetonbalken wird empfohlen, die erforderlichen Aufhängebügel nur im Kreuzungsbereich der Stege beider Balken anzuordnen. Dies wurde auch durch ein klares Stabwerkmodell begründet. Demgegenüber wurde vor ca. 50 Jahren auch eine teilweise Anordnung der Aufhängebügel außerhalb des Kreuzungsbereichs der Stege diskutiert und schließlich in Normen aufgenommen. Allerdings wurde bisher hierfür kein Stabwerkmodell abgeleitet, sondern nur konstruktive Regeln für die Anordnung der Bewehrungen angegeben. Nachfolgend werden für diesen Fall zwei Varianten von Stabwerkmodellen vorgestellt. Es zeigt sich, dass man nicht von einer Verteilung der Aufhängebügel auf Bereiche außerhalb des Kreuzungsbereichs der Stege sprechen kann, denn es wird insgesamt die dreifache Bügelbewehrung benötigt.
Lifelong learning for leaders
Authors: Zacarese Lawrence M.
Published: November 2024

Last week, I posted a rhetorical question on one of my personal social media accounts. My professional and work accounts I use accordingly, but the others are a way to stay in touch with old friends, alumni groups, and family members I don’t get to see often. Most importantly, they serve as an outlet for some jocularity and general goofiness. My post was: “Can’t decide if I want a PhD or a McLaren…”
Heed new OCR Title IX guidance for Title IX coordinator duties
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: November 2024

The U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights published new resources on Sept. 12, 2024 addressing compliance with the 2024 Title IX regulations. One resource, 2024 Title IX Regulations: Impact on Title IX Coordinator Duties, explains the new and updated requirements for Title IX coordinators.
Climate survey shows decrease in sexual violence — but may be incomplete picture
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: November 2024

A new climate survey of 10 colleges and universities across the country reported a decrease in sexual violence across all demographics — but experts caution that the results may be flawed. The survey, titled the “Higher Education Sexual Misconduct and Awareness” survey, involved 10 institutions from February to May 2024.
The Role of Moist Dressings in the Management of Herpes Zoster With Scalp Involvement: A Case Report
Authors: Faramarzi Mohammad Reza , Hosseinian Erfan , Maghsoodi Esmaiel
Published: November 2024

Comprehensive management, including antivirals and pain control, is crucial for mitigating complications and improving patient outcomes in herpes zoster. Moist wound dressings, specifically hydrocoll, effectively reduce pain, and promote healing in herpes zoster with scalp involvement, as demonstrated in the case of a 76‐year‐old male.
Mass transfer around a cylinder in a nonlinear extensional flow
Authors: Favelukis Moshe
Published: November 2024

In this theoretical report, we explored the transfer of mass around an infinite cylinder in a nonlinear extensional creeping flow, and at large Peclet numbers. First, we inspected the fluid mechanics problem, which is governed by a single dimensionless parameter: the nonlinear intensity of the flow (E). The fluid motion in the presence of the cylinder suggests interesting features such as closed circulations (E > 2/3) and separating surfaces (E < 0), both phenomena which are absent in the linear case (E = 0). Next, we examined the transfer of mass, where three different regions have been distinguished. In the first one (−2/9 < E < 2/3), which also includes the linear case, the thin concentration boundary layer, at each quarter, covers the entire cylinder surface. In the next one (E > 2/3), the closed circulation, which is in contact with the cylinder surface, reduces the length of the concentration boundary layer. In the last one (E < −2/9), separating surfaces touching the surface of the cylinder and creating, at each quarter, two concentration boundary layers flowing in opposite directions. There is a range (−0.340 < E < 0), where the mass transfer is lower than the linear case, with a minimum at E = −2/9 = −0.222. From this point, and in both directions, as |E| increases, the rate of mass transfer also increases.
The Influence of Cyanine 5.5 and Doxorubicin on Cell Cycle Arrest, Magnetic Resonance, and Near‐Infrared Fluorescence Optical Imaging for Fe3O4‐Encapsulated PLA‐TPGS Nanoparticles
Authors: Son Phan Ke , Nghi Do Huu , Thuy Doan Bich , Thu Huong Le Thi , Thu Trang Mai Thi , Bao Ngoc Nguyen Quynh , Nham Dong Thi , Hung Bui Ha Bao , Dung Dang Viet , Dang Le Hang , Quyen Tran Ngoc , Thu Ha Phuong
Published: November 2024

The combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence signals and chemotherapy agents has been developed for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this work, we investigated the impacts of Cyanine 5.5 and Doxorubicin on cell cycle arrest, magnetic resonance, and NIR fluorescence optical imaging for Fe3O4‐encapsulated nanosystems based on poly(lactide)‐tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (PLA‐TPGS) copolymer. Although Cyanine 5.5 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) are less cytotoxic than Doxorubicin, they present a cytostatic effect, inducing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in human brain adenocarcinoma (CCF‐STTG1) cells. For MRI applications, the permeability of the PLA‐TPGS copolymer coating layer to water molecules might lengthen the translational diffusion time (
), causing the higher relaxivity ratio (r2/r1) compared to bare Fe3O4 NPs under an applied magnetic field (7 Tesla). Notably, the chemical structures of Cyanine 5.5 and Doxorubicin significantly contribute to the enhancement of the T2 relaxivities of Fe3O4 NPs through π‐π and ρ‐π conjugation. Furthermore, the radiance ratio and signal‐to‐noise ratio enhancement and a slight blue shift in the optimal excitation and emission wavelengths were recorded. These findings show the potential for in vivo MRI and NIR bioimaging experiments of the nanoparticles.
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus as a Platform for Protease Activity Measurements
Authors: Rauch Stefanie , Costacurta Francesco , von Laer Dorothee , Heilmann Emmanuel
Published: November 2024

Protease inhibitors are among the most powerful antiviral drugs. They have been used successfully against viruses, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Protease inhibitor screening tools are therefore important to identify inhibitors that have the potential to become antiviral drugs. In this article, we describe newly developed cell‐ and virus replicon‐based platforms to screen inhibitors. We developed the methods presented here by genetically modifying vesicular stomatitis virus, a model virus from the family Rhabdoviridae. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Mpro‐On and ‐Off assay

Alternate Protocol 1: Virus production with transient P‐ and L TransIT transfection

Alternate Protocol 2: Virus production with transient P‐ and L Ca2PO4 transfection

Alternate Protocol 3: Luciferase‐based variation of the On assay

Alternate Protocol 4: Screening assay with fluorescence‐activated cell sorting readout

Support Protocol: Performing kinetic measurements with Off assay
A Single‐Inductor Multiple‐Output DC‐DC Converter With 2.8 V–5 V Battery Voltage Supply for SoC Application in 22 nm CMOS Technology
Authors: Tang Chaowei , Zhang Yichen , Zheng Yanqi , Tang Xian
Published: November 2024

In advanced processes, single‐inductor multiple‐output (SIMO) DC‐DC converters with battery voltage as input face serious overvoltage problems due to low MOSFET withstand voltage. To meet the needs of SIMO converter design in advanced processes, this paper first proposes a SIMO converter with an adaptive power supply buffer (APSB) and voltage‐limiting techniques in 22‐nm CMOS. The proposed APSB technology ensures that the driving voltage of the power stage remains unchanged under the changing power supply, solving the breakdown problem caused by low MOSFET withstand voltage and simplifying the circuit design of the power stage. The proposed voltage‐limiting techniques avoid the overvoltage of the internal circuit by using a special voltage‐limiting design for the VX2 node and output voltage during startup and steady state. The proposed SIMO is designed and validated under a 22‐nm CMOS process. The input power supply range is 2.8–5 V, and the three output voltages are 0.8, 1, and 1.8 V, respectively. The maximum load for each output voltage is 250 mA. The SIMO system achieves a peak efficiency of 92.2% over the full load range.