bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response analysis of pipeline crossing structure with earthquake
Authors: Teng Zhenchao , Zhao Yuxiang , Liu Yu , Liu Kaiqi , Zhao Jia
Published: November 2020

Pipeline spanning structure has the characteristics of small overall stiffness, poor resistance to deformation, and large slender-length ratio with poor stability. It is a vulnerable part of long distance pipeline engineering under earthquake action, so it is necessary to analyze the response of pipeline spanning structure under earthquake action. In this paper, the structure model of pipeline span is established through ANSYS, and numerical simulation analysis is carried out under seismic action to explore the influence law of pipeline span structure under seismic action of different pipeline span length and different pipeline span form. The results show that the middle span is the most unfavorable position for pipeline crossing. In the same span, with the increase of span length, the natural frequency of pipeline decreases and the period increases. When the span length of pipeline is fixed, the natural frequency of straight pipeline is obviously higher than that of other pipelines, and the seismic performance is the best. It provides a theoretical basis for seismic design of pipeline crossing structure.
Deflection detection of the cement stabilizing layer based on the falling ball test method
Authors: Han Xiaokun , Luo Zhu , Wang Mengjie , Xue Yingqi
Published: November 2020

The detection of the deformation characteristics of geotechnical materials is very important for improving the safety of highways. With the improvement of the detection technology, the falling ball test (FBT) method has been gradually applied to measure mechanical properties of the geomaterials. In order to determine the reliability and the stability of the FBT method, the results of using the FBT method to detect the deflection value of the cement stabilizing layer are compared in this paper with the results of using a falling weight deflectometer (FWD), which is recognized worldwide as an ideal non-destructive detection equipment for the road mechanical performance. It is found that FBT method has high stability and reliability during the test.
Analysis on macro distribution characteristics of traditional settlements along the key line of Meiguan-Wujing ancient road
Authors: Pan Ying , Huang Xiao Yun , Shi Ying
Published: November 2020

This paper makes a comparative study on the distribution characteristics of traditional settlements along the two key ancient roads in Nanxiong basin, including landform, language division, settlement elevation, settlement scale and the relationship between settlements. Through the comparison of various characteristics, this paper reveals the reasons of the differences between the two ancient roads.
The Development of Offshore Artificial Island Construction and Application of Key Hydrodynamic Technologies in China ——Take Haihua Island Project as an Example
Authors: Gao Feng , Zhang Ci-Heng , Jin Ruijia , Chen Songgui
Published: November 2020

In recent years, with the development of China’s coastal waters and coastal urban space expansion needs, the construction of artificial islands on the sea has achieved rapid development. In order to allow it to further promote the development of Marine economy in our country, relieve the contradictions of land and environmental pressure and maintain the Marine ownership plays an important role in our country, research from the review summarizes the development of China offshore artificial island and the technical characteristics of typical artificial island has been built and under construction engineering examples, the paper introduces the construction and offshore artificial island development present situation, and sums up the construction of artificial islands facing the core issues. At the same time, based on the analysis on the status at present domestic offshore artificial island, points out the key technology of the construction of the island, and in the sea flower island project carried out by the series water power project as an example, a detailed discussion on wave flow elements, the seabed sediment, as well as the influence on surrounding channel water exchange, and the three dimensional seepage flow, etc. The research achievements of the project. The research points out that the future construction of artificial islands should return to rationality and science and pay more attention to the integration of natural ecology and environment.
Quantitative Risk Assessment of Dangerous Goods Container Port
Authors: Huang Chen , Bai Yu , Lu Linlin
Published: November 2020

It may lead to extremely serious accidents once the risk of port operations of dangerous goods containers is out of control. To evaluate the risk of operation with complex processes and uncertain factors, this study proposes an evaluation method. This method uses the statistical analysis of the causes of related accident cases and the fishbone diagram method to obtain the risk assessment index set and uses the analytic hierarchy process to assign the evaluation index weight values. On this basis, we conduct case evaluation to verify the effectiveness of the method.
Shu Road Villages Based on “Richthofen’s China Travel Diary” Research on the Landscape Culture of Folk Houses
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Chen Gang , Wang Xiaomei
Published: November 2020

With the change of dynasties and historical changes, the specific routes of the Shu Road and the cultural and geographical environment also changed. Richthofen’s field trip from Qin to Shu recorded more detailed geographical science knowledge along the way, and provided important historical data for scholars to study the geographical science knowledge of Shu Road in the late Qing Dynasty. The article mainly uses Richthofen’s diary of the Shu Road investigation as the basis of historical data, from the perspective of residential history and geography, to study the geographical landscape culture of the Shu Road villages in the late Qing Dynasty. First, clarify the specific description of the village residential landscape along the Shu Road in the diary; secondly, use the typological method to classify and compare the distribution of the villages along the Shu Road, the types of dwellings, and the specific characteristics; finally, use the phenomenological method to analyze the village dwellings.The main factors for the formation of the landscape, and then the establishment of the cultural core model of the residential landscape of the Shudao village.
Research on the yield function of sand based on thermodynamics
Authors: Zhang Weihua , Zhao Chenggang , Zhang Yinping , Zhao Chunlei , Yanhua Gao
Published: November 2020

It is well known that stress-strain relation of sand is influenced by anisotropic fabric. In this paper, the relationship between macroscopic strain and shear strain and its pore structure is established by combining micromechanical theory and pore structure tensor. It is further confirmed that the stress-induced anisotropy and dilatancy of sand are inevitable. Based on this, with the help of thermodynamic theory, the inclined elliptic yield surface function in dissipative space is built, and there are three important lines in dissipative space for the influence of anisotropic fabric, normal consolidation line, phase transition line and peak line respectively corresponding to the three characteristic lines of real stress space: normal consolidation line, phase transition line and peak line which really reflects the mechanical properties of sand, especially dense sand.
An electrovortex flow around two fully submerged electrodes
Authors: Chudnovsky A , Ivochkin Yu , Jakovics A , Pavlovs S , Teplyakov I , Vinogradov D
Published: November 2020

Electrovortex flow (EVF) of liquid metal in container with submerged electrodes and bifilar current supply relates to problem of melt stirring in electrometallurgical aggregates like welding, electroslag remelting, direct current (DC) electrical arc furnaces (EAF) and others. Maximum values of electromagnetic (EM) force and flow velocity are developing in the region between electrodes. Sophisticated 3D flow patterns are forming around them. In presenting paper, the examples of measured electrical potential and 3D self-magnetic field of supplied DC in comparing with numerical calculation results as well as with quasi-2D model of EM fields are discussed. Several numerically computed 3D EVF patterns are presented for two regimes: i) laminar and ii) turbulent, which is obtained with LES (Large Eddy Simulation) approach. There is good qualitative and quantitative correspondence between experimentally obtained data and numerical computations results as well as with previously published results.
Calculation of the performance of the electromagnetic magnetic fluid separator non-magnetic materials
Authors: Kazakov Yu B , Filippov V A
Published: November 2020

Magnetic fluid separation is a promising area in the field of disposal and recycling of non-magnetic materials. Performance and separation accuracy are important features of any separator. The methods for calculating the productivity offered at this moment have a number of assumptions that can significantly affect the result (constant magnetic permeability of the magnetic fluid, linear change in tension along the height of the gap, etc.), and are applicable only to specific models of separators. The aim of the study is to develop a methodology for calculating the performance of an electromagnetic magnetic fluid separator of non-magnetic materials, taking into account the distribution of the magnetic field in the gap and the influence of the hydrodynamic properties of the magnetic fluid on the movement of particles in the separation zone. The proposed approach allows us to calculate the mass and volumetric capacities of the magnetic fluid separator, the dependences of the capacities for each fraction separately, and the total on various parameters of the separator (for example, on the angle of inclination of the pole pieces). The obtained results can be used to assess the optimality of the adopted parameters when designing a magnetic fluid separator. Also, the results obtained will help optimize the installations already in operation.
Development of an integral criterion for evaluating the degree of aging of transformer oils
Authors: Davidenko I , Egorov A
Published: November 2020

The technical condition of the transformer oil affects the condition of the solid insulation, and therefore the residual life of electrical equipment, so it is important to study the aging mechanisms of the oil. The mechanism of transformer oil aging is studied using factor analysis of oil quality indicators, such as moisture content, acid number and dissipation factor tangent. Factors that have the greatest influence on the rate of oil aging have been found. In accordance with the found influence factors the permissible values of oil quality parameters of 110 kV power transformers with division by equipment tightness, oil brands and operating time have been determined. Oil aging models, taking into account the mutual influence of oil quality parameters, have been developed for transformers with different oil brands, type of oil protection and service life. An integral index, characterizing different aging processes of the oil, has been proposed. The criterion for evaluating the integral index of oil aging rates is calculated.
Electromagnetic separation of impurities in a conductive medium
Authors: Ozernykh Vladimir S. , Losev Gennady L. , Kolesnichenko Ilya V.
Published: November 2020

A numerical study of the flow of an electrically conductive fluid is carried out in a cell under the action of a constant magnetic field. Distribution of electromotive force is investigated as well as the topology of electric current in the cell. The evolutions of velocity field are studied for different parameters. Two large scale unstable eddies are generated in the cell. The characteristic of the flow oscillations are determined using the wavelet analysis. It was found that an increase of current does not lead to the appearance of additional oscillation modes. Asymmetric pressure distribution may appear in the cell. Particle movement are possible due to the asymmetric pressure field.
Energy-efficient installations of multi-zone multi-frequency induction heating of steel billets for large deformation
Authors: Lusgin V I , Lopatin I E , Shalina E P , Petrov A Y , Fatkhullin S M , Alekseev I G
Published: November 2020

This article discusses the basic construction principles of the device for multi-zone induction heating. The mathematical model of a cascade inverter is described. Various modes of heating cylindrical billets are considered depending on the ratio of powers in the heating zones and current frequencies in the inductors. The indicators of heating uniformity over the cross section and energy efficiency are studied. Based on the data obtained, a conclusion is drawn about the optimal choice of the number of heating zones, frequencies of inductors and heating modes.
Free metal surface resonance under alternating magnetic field low-frequency oscillations
Authors: Sizganov N , Khatsayuk M
Published: November 2020

The article describes the definition of relationship between parameters of induction crucible furnace and meniscus shape using a mathematical model. The data obtained has been analyzed and the mathematical model qualitatively assessed using the open non-profit software Elmer and OpenFOAM. The models derived have been checked out to study the occurrence of free-surface oscillation resonance when subjected to pulsed action of an alternating electromagnetic field. Transients in an induction furnace crucible have been analyzed. A mathematical model with the electromagnetic field pulsed action has been created and free surface resonance occurrence and stability examined.
Identification of working reactance of industrial arc furnace equivalent scheme based on known specific electric power consumption for melting of charge
Authors: Kruchinin A M , Ya Pogrebisskiy M , Ryazanova E S , Yu Chursin A
Published: November 2020

Method of Identification of working reactance of industrial arc furnace equivalent scheme based on known specific electric power consumption for melting of charge taking into account complex (radiation and convection) nature of arc heat exchange in melting space is presented. The solution of the multi-factor problem of determining the share of arc radiation power and convective heating of charge by arcs in the furnace useful power was proposed at MPEI on the basis of analytical methods of the developed electric arc heat exchange model (EAHEM). Method of calculation of specific electric power consumption for melting of solid charge for specified type of arc furnace design is considered.
Induction heat treatment of large rolls with two independent power sources
Authors: Perevalov Yu , Demidovich V
Published: November 2020

The two-inductor heat treatment system for rolls of rolling mills is highly flexible and can improve the quality of heat treatment while solving energy-efficiency and productivity problems. A digital model of induction heat treatment of rolls with the computation of electromagnetic, temperature and stress fields is developed taking into account the characteristics of power supplies and control systems for heat treatment modes. Particular attention is paid to the reliability of frequency converters in the presence of magnetic coupling between inductors. Recommendations on frequency selection and inverter settings are given. A universal method of digital design and control of thermal conditions in induction heat treatment systems is considered.
Inductive level sensor: experiment and calculation
Authors: Eltishchev V , Mandrykin S , Kolesnichenko I
Published: November 2020

A non-contact induction technique for registering the free sufrace position of liquid metal is studied numerically and experimentally. A localized inductive level sensor (ILS) generates an alternating magnetic field and measures the resulting magnetic field. If an electrically conductive medium appears in the sensitive area of the sensor, this field changes. In the experiment, signals from the ILS were measured for a rotating cylinder with a beveled upper boundary, for different frequencies of alternating current, supplying the sensor generating coil. A set of calibration curves was obtained, that can be used to determine the cylinder rotation angle from the signal. In the numerical simulations, the three-dimensional fields of magnetic induction were obtained. The influence of the alternating current frequency, as well as the cylinder rotation angle on the ILS measurement, was studied. Numerical simulations show that increasing current frequency results in higher ILS sensitivity. The numerical and experimental results are in agreement. The developed technique is applicable for measuring the oscillation frequency of the liquid metal free surface.
In-melt electromagnetic forces at MHD-stirring with the non-sine supply
Authors: Vinter E.R. , Timofeev V.N. , Fomin A.V.
Published: November 2020

The crucial task in production of multi-component alloys is a development and study of MHD-stirring conditions which make it possible to achieve new process effects such as microinhomogeneous homogenization or MHD-resonance. One of the advanced ways to provide such stirring conditions is the supply of the non-sine periodic current of the given waveform to inductor coils. The paper presents the results of numerical simulation of a magnetohydrodynamic stirrer with non-sinusoidal power supply. The analysis of the behavior of electromagnetic forces at various power supply parameters is carried out. A comparative analysis of the obtained results with the characteristics of the MHD stirrer with a sinusoidal power supply system is carried out.
Intelligent complex security management system FEC for the Industry 5.0
Authors: Korneev N V
Published: November 2020

Taking into account the digital transformation, the prospects for the development of intelligent complex security management system FEC are revealed. For the first time a definition of intelligent complex security management system FEC is given, also, its generalized structure is developed, considering the development of the Russian human-machine concept, as a complex information-energy system, on the basis of intellectualization of theoretical principles of human physiology and psychology. Its main elements are defined: a core, subsystems and components and mathematical dependencies implementing management functions are given. The core, subsystems and components are represented by the protected system at the level of security threat management in the form of a block-functional system scheme with elements of artificial intelligence that differ in the detail level. The mutual influence mechanism of separate subsystems and components is defined through simple, hybrid and complex threats. Besides, system threats of FEC were classified and their definitions were given. As an example, we consider the complex threat related to security of critical information FEC infrastructure. What is more, the basic intelligent management principles of complex FEC security are formulated, based on the block-functional system scheme with artificial intelligence elements and operator state security Identification in real time. We obtained general equations of the output state variables vector, which is equivalent to the security model of the operator, vectors of output state variables in case of hybrid, complex, and system FEC threats.
Mathematical modeling of electromechanical characteristics of linear electromagnetic and induction-dynamic motors
Authors: Yu Sidorov O. , Sarapulov F.N. , Tomashevsky D.N.
Published: November 2020

The calculations of the electromechanical characteristics of the pulse action linear motor (PALM) with cylindrical symmetry are performed. The case of the motor power from the capacitor bank of a given capacitance is considered. The model of “field-circuit” was used for electromechanical characteristics modeling. The electromagnetic field was calculated by finite difference method taking into account the displacement of the secondary element (SE). The problem of circuit theory was solved together with the field problem (via flow coupling) in order to determine temporal dynamics of the current and voltage. The current and voltage in the primary circuit of the PALM, the force in the SE of the PALM, the value of the SE displacement was calculated for each time point. It is shown that the electromechanical characteristics depend on the design and material of the SE.
Model of power quality system using electric meter suppressor of fre and electric damage and hazards in the residential sector
Authors: Korneev N V , Prus Y V , Perikov A V , Smolenskaya N M , Smolenskii V V
Published: November 2020

The analysis, detailing, theoretical and technological justifcation of the concept of fre and electric damage. It is proposed to use the electric meter suppressor of fire and electric damage and fire hazards in the residential sector. The cognitive model taking into account possibilities of influence of the electric meter of the suppressor on decrease in damage for the electrical reasons and the functional model of electric power quality system are constructed. The cognitive model is considered as one of the components describing the external impact in the neurograph as a model to support control over the comprehensive objects safety for reducing fire risks in the residential sector associated with electrical causes of fires.
Numerical simulation and investigation of induction system for hardening of internal combustion engine camshaft
Authors: Kozulina T , Fomin I , Galunin S , Kudryash M
Published: November 2020

This paper describes the numerical simulation and investigation of the electrothermal processes in the induction system for hardening of cams and journals of camshaft. Hardening of the camshaft elements is carried out by one simple inductor of round shape due to shift of the camshaft axis inside it. During the process of the hardening of the cams, the camshaft is stationary, during the process of the hardening of the journals it rotates. The results of the investigations are presented in the form of the temperature distribution in the cam and the journal. The optimum parameters of the induction system are also given, at which the best temperature distribution in the elements of the camshaft is achieved.
Numerical calculation of large-sized objects induction heating
Authors: Smolyanov I. , Tarasov F. , Shvydkiy E.
Published: November 2020

The paper describes a numerical procedure for modeling induction heating of large objects. A coupled calculation of the electromagnetic and thermal fields is performed by the finite element method in a three-dimensional formulation. The setting of the computational mesh is described. The results of numerical calculations are demonstrated.
Research of a dual-frequency power supply system for induction crucible furnaces for melting ferrous and non-ferrous metals
Authors: Kamaev D.A. , Koptyakov A.S. , Lusgin V.I. , Frizen V.E. , Krivtsova E.V.
Published: November 2020

The article describes the power supply system of induction furnace based on a semiconductor converter, in which it is possible to work simultaneously in the exciting mode of low-frequency currents and frequencies three times higher when switching the compensation circuit of the furnace inductor at different stages of metal melting. Calculations of electromagnetic processes have shown the advisability of operating the power supply system in the mode of tripling the current frequency at the stage of heating and melting of the metal, but in the mode of low frequency - at the stage of technological processing of the melt. The ratio between the parameters of the furnace power supply in various operating modes are established.
Research of options for maintaining the operability of the traction switched reluctance motors in emergencies
Authors: Petrushin A , Smachney V , Petrushin D
Published: November 2020

The switched reluctance machines (SRM) in most cases of their application do not have a galvanic connection between the phase windings. It is widely known when one phase fails, SRM as a short circuit in the coil of one of the phases, the others continue to work. This gives you the ability to retain partial performance of the engine. This is especially important for transport systems: an electric car can drive to a depot on its own, and an electric car can drive to a service station. And for some transport systems, such as manned underwater vehicles, maintaining partial performance in emergency situations is a priority requirement-the life support of the crew depends on it.

For using a widely applied semi-bridge power supply scheme, the SRM with two transistors for each of the phases of the electric motor, it is not possible to maintain partial performance of the SRM if the only power source fails. To ensure the performance of the type, in the case of a short circuit in the source, a new power supply scheme for the SRM is proposed, containing one transistor for each of the phases of the engine (patent No. 2704494). Each phase is electrified charged from a separate source. For transport systems that have batteries in their composition, the total battery is divided into components by the number of phases. At the same time, the entire electrical circuit of the SRM phase, including the source, is backed up.

A simulation of the proposed new power supply circuit was performed in order to confirm its performance and evaluate its functionality. The analysis of the existing Converter circuits used for SRM is carried out, which allows to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed circuit solution.
Technology and automation of low-temperature distributed induction heating in the oil and gas industry
Authors: Nikitin Yu. A.
Published: November 2020

Energy efficient electrotechnologies are one of the most promising areas of development of any industry. To improve the energy efficiency of the processes of keeping up the temperatures and heating technological facilities in the oil and gas industry by reducing electricity consumption, the development and introduction of modern technologies and equipment is needed of electroheating. To such means of electroheating includes low-temperature induction heating, which provides a guaranteed increase in quantitative and qualitative production indicators, which can significantly reduce the cost of production, which is important to save energy resources especially with increased tariffs. Various aspects of the development of such induction heating systems are discussed, with a particular focus on ensuring the safety and automation of installations used in the oil and gas industry. The issues of using distributed induction heating in the oil industry are considered using the example of the induction method for oil and gas producing wells with the aim of facilitating the production of highly viscous oil, eliminating tar-tar deposits and preventing the formation of hydrate-paraffin plugs. The results of modelling the heating of the inductor - tubing system at various positions of the load-bearing and non-load-carrying cable-inductor are presented. During the simulation, data were obtained on the temperature of the oil product were obtained under various oil production conditions.
The influence of electric current application configuration on the electro-vortex flow structure of conductive medium in cylindrical cell
Authors: Mandrykin S , Kolesnichenko I
Published: November 2020

A numerical study of the liquid metal electro-vortex flows (EVF) in a closed cylindrical cell, the radius of which is equal to its height, is performed. A direct current of 1000 A is applied through the electrodes at the bottom cylinder face, and is collected at the entire surface of the cylinder top end face. Various configurations of electrode location are considered. Namely, from one to five electrodes are placed on the cylinder bottom end face. The three-dimensional fields of the conducting medium flow velocity in the cell are obtained as a result of numerical simulations. The EVF is non-stationary in all considered regimes. In the one-electrode case, the flow is poloidal and is represented by one large-scale vortex. In the multielectrode case, the flow consists of multiple small-scale vortices, the size and quantity of which depend on the configuration of the electric current application. At the same electric current value of 1000 A, the mean flow velocity and characteristic frequency of the process are higher for the localized current application — 6.4 and 2.5 times respectively.
The methodology of MMF calculation in magnetic circuit of induction motor by “ANSYS Maxwell”
Authors: Tikhonova O V , Mineeva D D , Plastun A T
Published: November 2020

In the paper the methodology of MMF calculation in magnetic circuit of induction motor by “ANSYS Maxwell” is considered. The calculation is based on the use of the total current law. The magnetic circuit of the induction motor is divided into several sections: stator tooth, rotor tooth, air gap, stator yoke and rotor yoke. Each section of the circuit is analyzed separately. The calculation result obtained using “ANSYS Maxwell” is compared with the results of the classical methodology.
Prospects for the practical use of the Kaminskii thermovoltaic effect
Authors: Napoleao P A M , Costa S N , Vinogradov A A
Published: November 2020

The Kaminskii thermovoltaic effect, which is one of the new principles of converting thermal energy into electrical energy, is considered in the article. Samples of the rare-earth semiconductor samarium monosulfide (SmS), located in a uniform temperature field without any temperature gradient, generated an electromotive force (emf). The nature of the effect is associated with the concentration gradient of Sm impurity atoms in the sample, a combination of electronic and thermal processes at temperature about 200 °C, and the appearance of a concentration gradient of free electrons, which leads to the generation of emf. The following electrical characteristics of the effect were achieved on bulk samples: a 2.5 V emf in a pulsed mode with a pulse duration of 1.3 s and a 0.05 V emf in a continuous mode. The parameters of thermoelements based on the Kaminskii effect and based on the classical Seebeck thermoelectric effect were compared. The maximum values of the efficiency were 36 % and 10 %, respectively. The effect was observed on other semiconductors, however, its maximum values occur in SmS, which is explained by fundamental reasons related to the position of rare-earth elements in the periodic table. The thermovoltaic effect can be used for direct conversion of associated heat and utilization of waste heat as power sources for various devices.
The Association Between Impulsivity and Relapse in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Literature Review
Authors: Sliedrecht Wilco , Roozen Hendrik G , Witkiewitz Katie , de Waart Ranne , Dom Geert
Published: November 2020

Aim

Impulsivity has been identified as a key relapse risk factor in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD); however, the inherent characteristics of this relationship have been largely understudied. The heterogeneity of AUD and variation in impulsivity constructs require careful consideration to inform future work examining the relationship. This study sought to review empirical findings examining facets of impulsivity and AUD relapse.

Methods

A systematic search strategy was employed to capture studies on impulsivity measures related to AUD relapse. Impulsivity measures were qualitatively organized in terms of ‘trait impulsivity’—typically measured by self-report questionnaires—and ‘behavioural impulsivity’, i.e. ‘motor impulsivity’, ‘impulsive choice’ and ‘reflection impulsivity, assessed with cognitive–behavioural tasks.

Results

Seventeen peer-reviewed papers were identified. Relapse outcomes varied substantially in relation to impulsivity measures. Twelve papers included aspects of ‘trait impulsivity’, and nine studies included ‘behavioural impulsivity’ measures, from which five studies dealt with the ‘impulsive choice’ subcategory. The Barratt Impulsivity Scale was the self-report questionnaire that was most frequently used.

Conclusions

All three included facets of impulsivity (‘trait-, motor- and impulsive choice impulsivity’) were associated with AUD relapse, but none seemed to be superior to another. This study confirmed that research on the relation between impulsivity and AUD relapse is relatively scarce. Future research and treatment options are proposed.
Defoliation severity is positively related to soil solution nitrogen availability and negatively related to soil nitrogen concentrations following a multi-year invasive insect irruption
Authors: Conrad-Rooney Emma , Barker Plotkin Audrey , Pasquarella Valerie J , Elkinton Joseph , Chandler Jennifer L , Matthes Jaclyn Hatala
Published: November 2020

Understanding connections between ecosystem nitrogen (N) cycling and invasive insect defoliation could facilitate the prediction of disturbance impacts across a range of spatial scales. In this study we investigated relationships between ecosystem N cycling and tree defoliation during a recent 2015–18 irruption of invasive gypsy moth caterpillars (Lymantria dispar), which can cause tree stress and sometimes mortality following multiple years of defoliation. Nitrogen is a critical nutrient that limits the growth of caterpillars and plants in temperate forests. In this study, we assessed the associations among N concentrations, soil solution N availability and defoliation intensity by L. dispar at the scale of individual trees and forest plots. We measured leaf and soil N concentrations and soil solution inorganic N availability among individual red oak trees (Quercus rubra) in Amherst, MA and across a network of forest plots in Central Massachusetts. We combined these field data with estimated defoliation severity derived from Landsat imagery to assess relationships between plot-scale defoliation and ecosystem N cycling. We found that trees in soil with lower N concentrations experienced more herbivory than trees in soil with higher N concentrations. Additionally, forest plots with lower N soil were correlated with more severe L. dispar defoliation, which matched the tree-level relationship. The amount of inorganic N in soil solution was strongly positively correlated with defoliation intensity and the number of sequential years of defoliation. These results suggested that higher ecosystem N pools might promote the resistance of oak trees to L. dispar defoliation and that defoliation severity across multiple years is associated with a linear increase in soil solution inorganic N.
MetaADEDB 2.0: a comprehensive database on adverse drug events
Authors: Yu Zhuohang , Wu Zengrui , Li Weihua , Liu Guixia , Tang Yun
Published: November 2020

MetaADEDB is an online database we developed to integrate comprehensive information on adverse drug events (ADEs). The first version of MetaADEDB was released in 2013 and has been widely used by researchers. However, it has not been updated for more than seven years. Here, we reported its second version by collecting more and newer data from the U.S. FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and Canada Vigilance Adverse Reaction Online Database, in addition to the original three sources. The new version consists of 744 709 drug–ADE associations between 8498 drugs and 13 193 ADEs, which has an over 40% increase in drug–ADE associations compared to the previous version. Meanwhile, we developed a new and user-friendly web interface for data search and analysis. We hope that MetaADEDB 2.0 could provide a useful tool for drug safety assessment and related studies in drug discovery and development.

Availability and implementation

The database is freely available at: http://lmmd.ecust.edu.cn/metaadedb/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Satellite open data to monitor forest damage caused by extreme climate-induced events: a case study of the Vaia storm in Northern Italy
Authors: Vaglio Laurin Gaia , Francini Saverio , Luti Tania , Chirici Gherardo , Pirotti Francesco , Papale Dario
Published: November 2020

The frequency of extreme storm events has significantly increased in the past decades, causing significant damage to European forests. To mitigate the impacts of extreme events, a rapid assessment of forest damage is crucial, and satellite data are an optimal candidate for this task. The integration of satellite data in the operational phase of monitoring forest damage can exploit the complementarity of optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) open datasets from the Copernicus programme. This study illustrates the testing of Sentinel 1 and Sentinel 2 data for the detection of areas impacted by the Vaia storm in Northern Italy. The use of multispectral Sentinel 2 provided the best performance, with classification overall accuracy (OA) values up to 86 percent; however, optical data use is seriously hampered by cloud cover that can persist for months after the event and in most cases cannot be considered an appropriate tool if a fast response is required. The results obtained using SAR Sentinel 1 were slightly less accurate (OA up to 68 percent), but the method was able to provide valuable information rapidly, mainly because the acquisition of this dataset is weather independent. Overall, for a fast assessment Sentinel 1 is the better of the two methods where multispectral and ground data are able to further refine the initial SAR-based assessment.
Development of Multimorbidity Over Time: An Analysis of Belgium Primary Care Data Using Markov Chains and Weighted Association Rule Mining
Authors: Shi Xi , Nikolic Gorana , Van Pottelbergh Gijs , van den Akker Marjan , Vos Rein , De Moor Bart
Published: November 2020

Background

The prevalence of multimorbidity is increasing in recent years, and patients with multimorbidity often have a decrease in quality of life and require more health care. The aim of this study was to explore the evolution of multimorbidity taking the sequence of diseases into consideration.

Methods

We used a Belgian database collected by extracting coded parameters and more than 100 chronic conditions from the Electronic Health Records of general practitioners to study patients older than 40 years with multiple diagnoses between 1991 and 2015 (N = 65 939). We applied Markov chains to estimate the probability of developing another condition in the next state after a diagnosis. The results of Weighted Association Rule Mining (WARM) allow us to show strong associations among multiple conditions.

Results

About 66.9% of the selected patients had multimorbidity. Conditions with high prevalence, such as hypertension and depressive disorder, were likely to occur after the diagnosis of most conditions. Patterns in several disease groups were apparent based on the results of both Markov chain and WARM, such as musculoskeletal diseases and psychological diseases. Psychological diseases were frequently followed by irritable bowel syndrome.

Conclusions

Our study used Markov chains and WARM for the first time to provide a comprehensive view of the relations among 103 chronic conditions, taking sequential chronology into consideration. Some strong associations among specific conditions were detected and the results were consistent with current knowledge in literature, meaning the approaches were valid to be used on larger data sets, such as National Health care Systems or private insurers.
Daily Stress Processes in a Pandemic: The Effects of Worry, Age, and Affect
Authors: Nelson Niccole A , Bergeman Cindy S
Published: November 2020

Background and Objectives

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic. Given that such a global event might affect day-to-day stress processes, the current study examined individuals’ daily stress reactivity and its moderators early in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Research Design and Methods

Two-level, multilevel models examined the daily relationship between perceived stress and negative affect, or stress reactivity, as well as the moderating effects of daily pandemic worry, age, and daily positive affect on this process. Participants included 349 individuals (age range = 26–89) from the Notre Dame Study of Health & Well-being who completed a 28-day, daily diary study at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

Older individuals were less stress-reactive than younger individuals. Within individuals, however, stress reactivity was buffered by daily positive affect and exacerbated by daily pandemic worry. Finally, although daily positive affect buffered daily stress reactivity, this effect was weaker on days individuals were more worried about the COVID-19 pandemic.

Discussion and Implications

The mobilization of positive emotion may be a promising avenue for buffering stress reactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic, although this may be limited on days individuals are particularly concerned about the pandemic.
Association between preconception paternal health and pregnancy loss in the USA: an analysis of US claims data
Authors: Kasman Alex M , Zhang Chiyuan A , Li Shufeng , Lu Ying , Lathi Ruth B , Stevenson David K , Shaw Gary M , Eisenberg Michael L
Published: November 2020

STUDY QUESTION

Is preconception paternal health associated with pregnancy loss?

SUMMARY ANSWER

Poor preconception paternal health is associated with a higher risk of pregnancy loss as confirmed in sensitivity analyses accounting for maternal age and health.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY

Preconception paternal health can negatively impact perinatal outcomes.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION

Retrospective cohort study of US insurance claims database from 2009 to 2016 covering 958 804 pregnancies.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS

US insurance claims database including women, men and pregnancies within the USA between 2007 and 2016. Paternal preconception health status (e.g. metabolic syndrome diagnoses (MetS), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and individual chronic disease diagnoses) was examined in relation to pregnancy loss (e.g. ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage and stillbirth).

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE

In all, 958 804 pregnancies were analyzed. The average paternal age was 35.3 years (SD 5.3) and maternal age was 33.1 years (SD 4.4). Twenty-two percent of all pregnancies ended in a loss. After adjusting for maternal factors, the risk of pregnancy loss increased with increasing paternal comorbidity. For example, compared to men with no components of MetS, the risk of pregnancy loss increased for men with one (relative risk (RR) 1.10, 95% CI 1.09–1.12), two (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.13–1.17) or three or more (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.14–1.24) components. Specifically, less healthy men had a higher risk of siring a pregnancy ending in spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and ectopic pregnancies. Similar patterns remained with other measures of paternal health (e.g. CCI, chronic diseases, etc.). When stratifying by maternal age as well as maternal health, a similar pattern of increasing pregnancy loss risk for men with 1, 2 or 3+ MetS was observed. A statistically significant but weak association between timing of pregnancy loss and paternal health was found.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION

Retrospective study design covering only employer insured individuals may limit generalizability

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS

Optimization of a father’s health may improve pregnancy outcomes.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS

National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Science Clinical and Translational Science Award (UL1 TR001085). M.L.E. is an advisor for Sandstone Diagnostics, Dadi, Hannah and Underdog. No other competing interests were declared.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER

N/A
Supplementing Yucca schidigera extract to mitigate frothy bloat in beef cattle receiving a high-concentrate diet
Authors: Rett Bruna , Cooke Reinaldo F , Brandão Alice P , Ferreira Vitor S M , Colombo Eduardo A , Wiegand Jacob B , Pohler Ky G , Rincker Michael J , Schubach Kelsey M
Published: November 2020

This experiment compared incidence of frothy bloat, as well as ruminal, physiological, and performance responses of beef heifers receiving a bloat-provoking diet and supplemented with Yucca schidigera extract. Sixteen ruminally cannulated Angus-influenced heifers were ranked by body weight (BW) and assigned to 4 groups of 4 heifers each. Groups were enrolled in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design containing 4 periods of 28 d, and a 21-d washout interval between periods. Groups were assigned to receive no Y. schidigera extract (CON), or Y. schidigera extract at (as-fed basis) 1 g/heifer daily (YS1), 2 g/heifer daily (YS2), or 4 g/heifer daily (YS4). During each period, heifers (n = 16/treatment) were housed in individual pens, and fed a sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)-based bloat-provocative diet at 2% of their BW. Diet and treatments were individually fed to heifers, twice daily in equal proportions (0700 and 1600 hours). Heifers were assessed for bloat score (0 to 5 scale, increasing according to bloat severity) 3 hr after the morning feeding. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 prior to (0 hr) and at 3, 6, and 9 hr relative to the morning feeding. Rumen fluid samples were collected at the same time points on days 0 and 28. Orthogonal contrasts were tested to determine whether inclusion of Y. schidigera extract (0, 1, 2, or 4 g/heifer daily) yielded linear or quadratic effects, and explore an overall effect of Y. schidigera extract supplementation (CON vs. YS1 + YS2 + YS4). Rumen fluid viscosity was impacted quadratically by Y. schidigera extract inclusion (P = 0.02), being greatest in YS1, followed by YS2, and equivalent between CON and YS4 heifers. Heifers receiving Y. schidigera extract had greater (P ≤ 0.05) rumen propionate, iso-valerate, and valerate concentrations, as well as less (P < 0.01) acetate : propionate ratio compared with CON heifers. Inclusion of Y. schidigera extract linearly increased (P ≤ 0.04) average daily gain and feed efficiency. No other treatment effects were noted (P ≥ 0.19) including bloat score (1.07 ± 0.03 across treatments), ruminal protozoa count, plasma concentrations of cortisol, haptoglobin, urea N, total protein, and rumen concentration of total volatile fatty acids. Supplementing Y. schidigera extract up to 4 g/d favored rumen propionate concentrations and linearly increased growth and feed efficiency but failed to mitigate incidence of frothy bloat in beef heifers consuming a grain-based bloat-provocative diet.