bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advertising Technology and Visual Attraction of Cities Centers
Authors: Albazzaz Inaam , Hussien Hanan Dhiyaa
Published: April 2023

Advertising technology represents a component of elements of the visual attraction in the urban scape, made its way transmission process of messages between the ends of the source ofinformation (sender) and the Destination information (receiver) of the final recipient of themessage, It serves as a social marked and a means of cultural expression, It is part of the inalienable in creating identity and determine the spatial relationships and also is a reflection ofurban culture to the community. This technology has become an increasing feature of the present era, characterized as the era of the three revolutions: (the information revolution, the technologyrevolution, and the media revolution), Where it became an integral part of the visual system surrounding of urban our environment in which we live,, And it worked to change the contemporary urban experience through the attraction and love to stay and stimulating social interactions within a decade and urban spaces that contain the contemporary urban forms, and this is what it will focus the research. The research’s problem is determined by :there is no clear perception about the definition of advertisement technology and its impact on the urban scape of the city centers according the concept of visual attraction. And clarify the goal of research in : Definition advertising technology and determine the most important aspects and indicators according the concept of visual attraction of the city centers. To achieve this goal was adopted the following approach: building a conceptual framework for technology advertising through definition of the basic concepts of research and review the historical development of it within the framework of the urban scape, and then a study of themost important intellectual concepts associated represented by (communication theory) and built in investigating this technology (communication channel) aims  to deliver a message or information from the sender to the receiver, and then a review of the most important spaces of the approved city centers on advertising technology in its design in the light of the theoretical framework found in the research.  The research found the conclusions of the group summed up in the idea: that technology advertising is part of the urban scape of the centers of contemporary cities, aims to active urban spaces and create tourist landmarks and attractors elements ,It works to attract the attention of the public and increase understanding and awareness levels, in addition to its positive role inenhancing the image of the urban scape through several mechanisms: attractions characteristics by achieving factor: : (spatial dimension - dynamics content that is (interactively or expressions), and functional attract (marketing- tourist- social) and depending on a number of effects which :( effects of consumer culture, influences social, economic effects).
Urban agriculture as one of the ecological applications of the regenerative city
Authors: رزقو د. نوفل جوزيف , عبد الوهاب د. خالد
Published: April 2023

Recently, several concepts and expressions have emerged that have often preoccupied the world . around the concept of environment and sustainability. This is due to the negative and irresponsible impact of man and his innovations in various industrial and technological fieldsthat have damaged the natural environment. Architecture and cities at the broader level are some of the man made components that caused these negative impacts and in the same time affected by them. What distinguishes architectural and urban projects is the consumption of large . quantities of natural resources and production larger amounts of waste and pollution, along the life of these projects. At the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century, the developed countries presented new concepts and methods that were not previously familiar with the design and implementation of architectural projects to reflect the growing interest in urban sectors issues to protect the environment and reduce consumption to reach the optimal utilization of natural resources. This leads to develop a new term called the Regenerative City. Here appeared the general research problem concerning the regenerative city and its objectives and the special research problem concerning urban agriculture and its relationship with the regenerative city, besides how urban agriculture will affect the city. The hypothesis of the research is that urban agriculture in its various forms (horizontal or vertical) is an essential and integral part of the regenerative city, and it will affect the city planning, this will require including this usage in the city master plan as a new form of land use. The research aims to show the possibilities of using urban agriculture in its different forms within the urban fabric.
Antibacterial potential and modes of action of botanicals from Momordica foetida (Cucurbitaceae) against multidrug-resistant bacteria expressing active efflux pumps
Authors: Tchinda Cedric F. , Demgne Olive Monique F. , Mbaveng Armelle T. , Beng Veronique P. , Kuete Victor
Published: April 2023

Background: Momordica foetida (cucurbitaceae) known as a bitter cucumber in Cameroon is used as a medicinal plant. This plant is widely used in the treatment of microbial infections, diabetes, hypertension, stomach, and intestinal irritation. The leaves are also used to treat malaria, earache, and toothache. This study aimed at investigating the antibacterial activity of the methanol extract of M. foetida seeds against multidrug-resistant bacteria expressing active efflux pumps and to characterize the mode of action of this extract. Methods: The antibacterial activity of the crude extract of M. foetida in the presence and absence of an efflux pump inhibitor, phenylalanine-arginine β-naphthylamide (PAβN), was evaluated by the serial micro-dilution method. The determination of the effect of this sample on bacterial H+-ATPase proton pumps was performed by a standard method using a pH meter and the study of the effect of the same sample on cell growth kinetics, bacterial membrane, and biofilms was performed by a spectrophotometric method. Results: The phytochemical composition of the crude extract of M. foetida, evaluated using standard qualitative methods, showed a rather selective distribution of secondary metabolites (presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenes, sterols, and saponins). The crude extract of this plant virtually inhibited the growth of 90.90% (20/22) of the bacteria studied with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 64 to 1024 µg/mL. The lowest MIC of 64 µg/mL was observed against Escherichia coli (AG102, MC4100, W3110), Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP55 and ATCC 11296), Providencia stuartii (NEA16, ATCC 29916 and PS2636), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA124) and Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA9) strains. In the presence of PAβN, the activity of the extract was increased against all strains and isolates used. The crude extract caused a prolongation of the lag phase and a general decrease in the growth of Escherichia coli AG102 bacteria due to the blocking of the H+-ATPase proton pumps of this bacterium, resulting in a decrease in the acidity of the medium. This sample destroyed the bacterial membrane and showed significant activity on the biofilms of this strain tested. Conclusion: The results obtained in the present work provide important and significant data that could allow the probable use of Momordica foetida in the control of bacterial infections.
गोगा जी की मेड़ी और नाथपंथी आंबेडकरवादी साधु
Authors: Ranjan Pramod
Published: April 2023

एम्स से चिकित्सा शास्त्र की डिग्री लेने वाले नाथपंथी एकआम्बेडकरवादी साधु से संबंधित यात्रा संस्मरण। यह फारवर्ड प्रेस की वेबसाइट पर 15 जनवरी, 2007 को प्रकाशित हुआ था। It can be read in English here: https://doi.org/10.17613/5xrj-4s49
A Simple Proof of Pi Value and Euler’s Identity
Authors: Annamalai Chinnaraji
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a technique to prove the Euler’s identity and value of Pi.
Maximizing the Advantages of Language Laboratory for English Language Teaching in Senior High Schools in Yogyakarta Province
Authors: Sudartinah Titik
Published: April 2023

Nowadays, technology is inseparable from any aspects of life, includingeducation. Technology, in whatever form it is, has brought teaching and learningto its new height. It has been used widely, making changes in educationalparadigm and delivery. Language teaching and learning is one among many that isalso influenced a lot by the development of technology. More advanced facilitiesare developed along with the rapid changes in technology. One of the basicfacilities in language teaching and learning that is based on technology islanguage laboratory. Both conventional and computerized language lab bringmany advantages to the teaching and learning of English. This is what this studyfocuses on – things that can be done to maximize the advantages of the use oflanguage lab in English teaching. This study reports the discussion results withEnglish teachers in senior high schools in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia. Basedon the results of the discussion, there are some common problems experienced bythese teachers when using language labs. The problems include the management,human resources, teaching materials, and technical problems. Several ways can bedone to minimize the problems and maximize the positive effects of the use oflanguage lab in English teaching. Among them are creating a well-managedlanguage lab, improving the competence and performance of teachers in using thelab, changing or improving the choice and design of teaching materials, andimproving the ability to solve technical problems.
Father-infant bonding alters their neural entrainment to mothers’ speech: an fNIRS hyperscanning study
Authors: Zhou Xin , Hong Xuancu , Wong Patrick
Published: April 2023

Inter-brain synchrony (IBS) refers to an integrative function across brains between more than two people examined using neuroimaging techniques. Previous studies have mainly focused on synchrony between mothers and infants or children, with fathers being left out. Recent studies have shown that fathers have a complementary contribution to the language and cognition development of infants and children compared to mothers. However, how father-infant relationship and the complementary paternal roles work is under-studied. To fill this research gap and to indicate IBS, the current study examined the inter-brain coherence (IBC) between 34 dyads of fathers and infants 7-9 months of age using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). There were three conditions: a baseline condition, and two speech perception conditions where the infant and the adult participant jointly listened to mothers telling stories in Cantonese in infant-directed speech (IDS) and adult-directed speech (ADS). Father-infant IBC was compared with stranger-infant IBC in the same experimental settings. Our results found that father-infant IBC was higher in the baseline and ADS conditions but lower in the IDS condition, compared to stranger-infant IBC. Further, stranger-infant dyads showed higher IBC in the IDS condition than in the ADS condition, with no significance in father-infant IBC between the two speech conditions. These results identified different synchrony mechanisms between the two dyads. The IBC pattern in stranger-infant dyads is driven by neural entrainment to mothers’ speech, whereas father-infant IBC is more resistant to mothers’ behaviors in the co-presence of both parents.
Perintah Taat kepada Rasul
Authors: Supriatna Siti Anggiaty
Published: April 2023

Dalam melakukan sebuah penelitian hadis di perlukan sebuah kajian biasa dikenal dengan Takhrij Hadis atau meteode Takhrij Hadis. Takhrij Hadis adalah sebuah Langkah atau metode untuk mencari sumber atau refrensi asal hadis tersebut diuliskan atau dibukukan lengkap dengan matan dan sanadmya. Takhrij hadis dilakukan bila seseorang atau peneliti hadis menemukan sebuah potongan atau kutipan hadis yang tidak lengkap matannya, tidak disertakan asal sumber hadis berikut serta tidak disertai dengan sanad hadis tersebut. Takhrij Hadis memiliki beberap metode diantaranya metode awal matan, awal sanad, metodel bil lafdzi dan juga metode Maudhu‘I atau tema. Dalam penulisan takhrij hadis ini penulis menggunakan metode bil Lafdzi dengan menggunakan kitab Mu‘jam Al Mufahras lil Alfadzi Hadisin Nabawi karya A.J Winsinhk yang diterjemahkan dalam Bahasa arab oleh Muhammad Fuad ‗Abdul Baqi. Metode bil Lafdzi adalah metode mencari hadis dengan mengambil atau menentukan satu kata dalam matan yang akan dijadikan sebagai kata kunci dalam pencarian hadis dan seumbernya dalam kitab Mu‘jam Al Mufahras lil Alfadzi Hadisin Nabawi, apabila telah ditemukan potongan hadis yang sesuai dan sumber hadisnya dalam kitab Mu‘jam maka Langkah selanjutnya adalah membuka kitab sumber atau Kutub Tis‘ah dengan sesuai kode hadis dan sumber hadis yang ditemukan dalam kitab Mu‘jam.
Assessment of Genetic Configuration Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars
Authors: Rostazada Mohammad Din , Hazim Zainullah , Shirzad Jaffar , Sharifi Mohammad Amin
Published: April 2023

Empathetic the inherited configuration of rapeseed cultivars is a precondition to consider phylogenetic pedigree, population structure, haplotype block in the target population. In this investigation, from different regions we have 85 rapeseeds (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. DNA was extracted by using CTAB method. Phylogenetic pedigree, haplotype block and SNP hotspots, Population structure is analyzed by using the 5058 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms SNP markers to this research 85 rapeseed cultivars were considered. Phylogenetic was analyzed by using Power Marker software and MEGA software, HaploView was using to analysis the haplotype block, population structures were analyzed by using population structure software 2.3.4 manual user as K increasing sidewise from 1 into 10, recording ΔK valency shown at K=2 hence, 85 rapeseed cultivar were divided into two subcategories, P1subgroups including 13 cultivars and P2 subcategory including 72 cultivars, SNP hotspots determined by using map chart software. In this research, the haplotype block analysis presented that the SNP markers number in A sub genome is more than the C sub genome, the block numbers on chromosomes A06 and C03 are greater than the other chromosomes and the lowest block number is on chromosome C09. The hotspots of SNP were defined by SNP position, mutation frequency, and the number of SNPs per 100Kbp on the chromosome. The phylogenetic pedigree was constructed, neighbor-joining was built based on genetic similarity and kinship. In this study, 85 rapeseeds are branched into 12 major groups.
Model-Based Assimilation Transmits and Recombines World Models
Authors: Uchiyama Ryutaro , Tennie Claudio , Wu Charley M
Published: April 2023

We argue that imitation, in addition to the typical roles it plays in culture, additionally supports the social transmission and recombination of world models. We propose a learning pathway called “model-based assimilation”, which uses imitation to shape the statics of experience, and “hijacks” existing individual learning mechanisms supporting model-based learning (e.g., hippocampal replay). This pathway is computationally cheaper than explicit Theory of Mind inference, but nevertheless allows for the social recombination of knowledge across multiple brains. Our theory provides important insights into why our close relative, the chimpanzee, imitates poorly and why humans acquired cumulative culture.
THE SICILIAN POPULATION IN 1277: NEW ESTIMATES
Authors: ruggeri giuseppe
Published: April 2023

A crucial element in the calculation of the Sicilian population prior to the periodic census enumerations (riveli) that began in 1505 is the tax rate on the revenue collected on a per household (fuoco) basis. There is no general agreement on which rate is the most appropriate for the estimation of the Sicilian population in 1277. For example, Bresc (1986) used a value of 6 tarì per household, Epstein (1992) applied 3 tarì, and Marrone (2002), who based his estimates on Peri (1978), employed a value of 2 tarì and 15 grani. The different values of the average tax rate affect both the level of the Sicilian population and its distribution among cities, towns, and villages. I suggest a reconciliation of these estimates based on a multi-rate tax structure based on the size of the revenue collected in each community. My estimates show a shift of the population from the Val di Mazara to the Val di Noto and a substantial increase in the population of the Valdemone.
The Gods Subsist - Possible Worlds, Set Theory and the Anthropic Principle.
Authors: Blaber Richard Michael
Published: April 2023

This paper will demonstrate why logically possible worlds are required if the strong anthropic principle is to succeed, but will also show that, given such worlds, the members of the set of all deities subsist in them, and one member of that set, namely God, must subsist in all of them, and exist in the actual world.
Hybrid Scientists: Agency, AI, and the Science of Data
Authors: Lee Francis
Published: April 2023

In 2008, Chris Anderson, the head of the well-known TED talks, proclaimed that the scientific method was obsolete. Instead of verifying hypotheses through scientific experiments, future researchers would use computerized pattern recognition to find new scientific relationships. According to Anderson, ‘Correlation supersedes causation, and science can advance even without coherent models, unified theories, or really any mechanistic explanation at all’ (Anderson 2008).Today, science is producing ever larger amounts of data. New digital tools, methods and infrastructures create a growing flood of ‘big data’ that biomedicine wants to benefit from and analyze. In order to manage this growing flood of data, many data-driven research projects in biomedicine are turning to new methods developed in AI-research. We are consequently seeing an explosive introduction of AI-techniques in the sciences. Thus, AI seems to promise a whole new way of producing knowledge about the world. But what are the consequences of introducing AI-analyses for biomedical knowledge production? What happens to biomedicine when human judgment and the traditional scientific method are supplemented with, and sometimes replaced by, AI and the analysis of large amounts of data? This paper explores these epistemic questions from the point of view of agency and human judgment. What happens to human judgment in scientific experiments with the introduction of AI? How is theory developed in the science of AI? The paper discusses these changes from the point of view of the concepts hybrid agency and onto-epistemology, asking how the AI and data revolutions are reshaping how science is done.
Socio-Economic and Health Status of Elderly People in Nepal
Authors: Paudel Bhanu Bhakta
Published: April 2023

Old age is the time associated with biological, psychological and social changes. This study aims to explore the socio-economic and health status among the elderly people. A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out among 136 elderly who were the received old age allowance of Kusma municipality, Parbat. Elderly of aged 60 years & above were selected for the study by cluster sampling method. The information was collected through interview scheduled by semi structured questionnaire with quantitative and qualitative methods. Focused group discussion and case study also carried out. The major part of the elderly population was in theage group of 70-75 (29.4%) and 75-80 (22.8%) years. Sixty-eight percent elderly were illiterate and majority (71.3%) has land ownership. There is no any income source of elderly except old age allowance (94.1%). The most health problem was gastric, sugar and pressure problem as found in 44.85%. Nearly two -fifth (37.5%) were suffering from physical; heart related and bone related problems. Types of family and health status of elderly are significance at 5% level of significance (Chi-square). The results of the study show that family support, and old age allowance schemes have a positive impact on the social and health status of the elderly. The government has to care for the elderly people with special provision to increase their quality of life and make their life healthy and productive.
Silent Sufferings of People with Disability (PWD) and the Barriers faced by them in Pokhara Metropolitan City
Authors: Koirala Pusparaj
Published: April 2023

“Silent Sufferings of People with Disability; Physically Disabled People and the Barriers faced by them in Pokhara Metropolitan City” is mainly focused on the different barriers faced by the physical group of PWD and the impact of barriers in their life. The members from disability organizations of Pokhara Valley; established by PWD themselves were selected for study. The findings are based on the field level investigation, observation and in-depth interviews with the 46 members of PWD of different organizations. Disability prevalence is high in rural areas than in city owing to agricultural and rural lifestyle and youth age is more prone to disability. Most of the people with disability are dependent upon their parents for livelihood. Many of the people with disability leave their study in the middle as the schools are not accessible. They are facing different kind of barriers in their life but these sufferings are silent/unheard. People with disability are mistreated and seen as an object of pity which is attitudinal barrier. People with disability especially wheel chair users find difficult to travel from one place to another as public vehicles do not stop for them where as taxi fare is high. Though the people with disability are provided with disability allowance it is nominal. There are many laws and policies formulated regarding the up- liftmen of people with disability. But it is only limited in speech of leaders and papers of bureaucracy. The effective implementation of existing laws and policies are still necessary.
Cognitive Diversity in the Classroom: An Inquiry through Individual Difference in Cognition
Authors: Devkota Mahadev
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore the cognitive diversity in the classroom especially focusing on individual differences in cognition through different perspectives.Cognitive diversity plays an influential to form a diverse team to perform tasks requiring creativity. Every learners' has a unique and distinctive way of concept formation, problem-solving techniques, and shared meaning because of their diversity in terms of personality, ethnicity, economic status, gender, the ability of comprehension, personal values, attitudes, information-dispensation style, and most significantly how much learners' rely on various aspects of multiple intelligence such as visual-spatial, linguistic-verbal, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic intelligence. Individuals vary in their cognitive performance because of their cognitive differences. This qualitative research employed descriptive methodology and documentary analysis along with using relevant secondary sources for the claim, supporting reasons, and finally to develop argumentation. The finding of this study shows that every learner has a unique and distinctive approach in terms of concept formation, problem-solving, information-dissemination, and shared meaning. Cognitive diversity plays a crucial role to enhance academic performance, work efficiency, and to conceptualize the diverse cognitive traits each student brings to the learning environment. However, some studies point out the drawbacks of cognitive diversity as it invites conflict, stress, misunderstanding, lack of collaboration, and gratitude among team members. It is recommended that educators should keep thelearners' different intelligence profiles into consideration and design the activities accordingly.
Women labour migrant returnees and their changing roles in Nepal
Authors: Shree Bisista
Published: April 2023

This paper examines how the women foreign labour migrant  looking at shifts in gender roles after returning to the home from the standpoint of family structure, public roles and factors to bring changes. It also explores how returnee women are perceived in society. Chautara and Duwachaur villages of Sindhupalchowk district were selected as the studied area. Data were collected fromforty female who have returned from foreign labor. Informations were collected from household survey, Interviews and Key informant Interview methords. Drastically change in the means of communication and its accessibility, higher level of income and economic empowerment are the key for shifting in gender role. It has not been a drastic difference between women roles after returning from abroad. Thus, family structure and ethnicity of the migrant family are key determinant factors for the changing role. In nuclear family gender roles was seen a significant change in comparison to joint families. Women of ethnic groups enjoy relatively more social freedom compared to women of higher-caste groups such as Brahmins and Chhetri. The major challenge for returnee women migration is the image of creating female workers as “victims’’ and deeply rooted in the socio-economic structures of Nepal.
Numerical Solution of Multiple Internal Rate of Return with Non-conventional Cash Flows
Authors: Basnet Ganesh Bahadur
Published: April 2023

This paper focuses on solving methods of multiple internal rates of return (MIRR) of the series of non-conventional cash flow when the net present value is equal to zero. The internal rate of return is   a popular rule for project acceptance/rejection. When a projects cash flow has three or more sign variations, the internal rate of return (IRR) rule is not easy to obtain multiple internal rates of returns.  In his paper, we introduce Descartes’ rule for the maximum positive roots, Bolzano Theorem for the maximum roots in the interval, Budan’s Theorem (sequence), and Sturm’s Theorem (sequence) for the exact numbers of positive real roots and their locations (intervals) where they lie and finally we solve a real problem using Newton-Raphson method for the approximate solution of the polynomial equation.
Teachers’ Perceptions on BA First-Year Compulsory English Syllabus and the Textbooks in Tribhuvan University
Authors: Budhathoki Mahendra Kumar
Published: April 2023

Syllabus designers usually ignore the views and perceptions of the teachers while constructing the courses: but they need to explore and analyse the teachers’ perceptions towards syllabus and textbooks to make the course more advance. The purpose of the research study explores teachers’ perceptions on BA first year compulsory English syllabus and the textbooks prescribed in Tribhuvan University. This study aims to investigate how English teachers has viewed the compulsory English syllabus and the textbooks prescribed from the perspectives of teaching learning English language and communicative skills, and assessed the syllabus on the basis of components of syllabus design. The study deployed the qualitative approach through interviews to inquiry the required information from the selected teachers; four English teachers who have taught the syllabus and textbooks were interviewed with purposive sampling from the constituent campuses TU of Kathmandu Valley. The major findings of this study were as follows in course design: First, the analysis of needs of students and targeted job markets were not considered. Second, the course designers included only writing critical essays through reading but ignored other writings and language skills like listening, speaking, reading and communicative skills. Third, the teachers agreed that syllabus designers never consulted with faculty and students while reconstructing the syllabus. Fourth, the contents of the syllabus were designed as in the textbooks. Fifth, the teaching pedagogies were not suggested, but the teachers expected it. They suggested that the syllabus should bridge the gap between schooling education and BA first year education, and address real life and target professional needs. Based on these findings, other researchers can extend and re-examine the findings of this study, and syllabus designers will incorporate the ignored English language and communicative skills in future syllabus. Although such research seems money and time consuming, later it will be rewarding after identifying the syllabus’s effect.
Impact of Solid Waste Management on Environment (An Overview of Shahidnagar Municipality, Dhanusha, Nepal)
Authors: Gautam Susmita
Published: April 2023

This paper focused on current practice, awareness, and impact of solid waste management on environment, in Shahidnagar Municipality of Dhanusha district. Due to lack of proper baseline information, lack of understanding of public willingness and lack of proper fitting and doable planning, waste collection, disposal and recycling have been problematic in study area. Solid waste management has been emerged as a major challenge as they don’t have any proper landfill site and waste collection facility. The study mainly designed in an exploratory and descriptive framework as it attempts to explore, investigate, and describe the relation between socioeconomic condition and SWM (solid waste management) issues with special emphasis on current practice and impact on environment. Many factors are seen affecting solid waste management system like institutional factor, social factor, economical factor, technical factor, and environmental factor. So, the study recommends concerned stakeholders to prepare an appropriate plan to manage solid wastages. Reduce, reuse, and recycle concept should be promoted to generate income through wastage. Awareness activity, public-private partnership should be raised to stop current poor practices of solid waste management.
The Bhagavad Gītā: A Combative Text
Authors: Khatri Tilak Bahadur
Published: April 2023

This research article deals with the action-oriented (karmayogic) commentaries of the Bhagavad Gītā given by some of the major commentators in nineteenth-century India. The study is relevant to understanding the text's karmayogic dimension and practical value. The article addresses the research problems concerning the karmayogic interpretations of the text and their pragmatic value in social transformation. Does the scripture teach humanity the value of action/karma in this cosmic world? Do the karmayogic teachings of the scripture have pragmatic value to bring specific social change? The article seeks answers to the aforementioned research questions through the review-based analysis of the text's karmayogic commentaries of some of the well-known nineteenth-century Indian commentators. The study has included the commentaries of Bankim, Vivekananda, Tilak, Gandhi, Aurobindo, and Vinoba. The study reveals that the above commentators of the Gītā discover the seeds of karma-yoga in the text and the majority of the commentators see the text's pragmatic value in bringing social change. Most of the above nineteenth-century Indian commentators view the scripture as a combative text and employ it as a potent weapon in the struggle against British colonialism.
‘नासो’ कथाभित्र पितृसत्ताको प्रभुत्वमा नारीचेतनाको स्तर (The level of women's consciousness under the dominance of patriarchy within the story of 'Naso')
Authors: मरहट्टा प्रभा
Published: April 2023

साहित्य समाजको प्रतिबिम्ब हो । यथार्थवादी कथामा समाजका यर्थाथ विवरण आउने हुँदा समकालीन समाजका स्थिति, परिवेश तथा मूल्य मान्यताहरू स्पष्ट आएका हुन्छन् । नासो कथा नारीपात्र सुभद्रालाई केन्द्रीय भूमिका दिइृ रचना गरिएको आदर्शोन्मुख यथार्थवादी कथा हो । यस कथामा पितृसत्ताका आडमा नारीहरुमाथि गरिएका अन्याय, शोषण, दमनलाई छोपेर आादर्श नारी कस्ता हुन्छन् देखाउन खोजिएको छ । तर  यथार्थको छिद्रबाट खोतलेर उनीहरुमाथि गरिएका शोषण, दमन, विभेद, हिंसा सजिलै अध्ययन गर्न सकिने हुँदा नारीवादी दृष्टिकोणबाट पितृसत्ताको प्रभुत्व र नारीचेतनालाई अध्ययनको केन्द्रविन्दु बनाइएको छ । पुरुषवर्गको प्रभुत्व रहेको नारी दमनकारी पितृसत्तात्मक परिवेश रहेको नासो कथामा नारीहरूप्रतिको दृष्टिकोण कथाका घटनाहरू र पात्रहरूका व्यवहारबाट अनुमान लगाउन सकिन्छ । आजभन्दा करिब असी वर्षअगाडि रचना गरिएको ‘नासो’ कथाको परिवेश हेर्दा वर्तमान परिवेशसम्म पनि नारीहरूमाथि गरिने दमन, शोषण, हत्या र हिंसाका शृङ्खलाहरू जस्ताको त्यस्तै रहेको देखिन्छ । जतिसुकै क्षमतावान् भए पनि वा जुनसुकै पद र प्रतिष्ठामा रहे पनि नारीहरूलाई नरकै मूल्यका वरिपरि घुमाएर कठपुतली बनाउने सामाजिक तथा पारिवारिक प्रवृत्ति यथावत रहेको छ । पितृसत्ताको आडमा पुरुष वर्गमा हुर्किएको पौरुष्य अहङ्कार तथा हेपाहा प्रवृत्ति यथावत छ । नारीहरूले आफ्ना हक, हितका पक्ष बोल्ने तथा सकेसम्म सचेत हुने प्रयास गर्दागर्दै पनि पितृसत्ताका हतियार तथा मतियार बनेका धर्म, संस्कार, नीति, शिक्षा, चेतना संयन्त्रका कारण नारीहरू कानुनी रूपमा स्थापित अधिकार प्रयोग गर्न पनि नसक्ने बनाइएका वा विविध प्रपञ्च सिर्जना गरी नदिने स्थिति सिर्जना गरिएका कारण निरीह हुनु पर्ने परिवेश छ । यस अध्ययनबाट पितृसत्ताले नारीहरूलाई मान्छेमा रूपमा नै नहेरी सदियौंदेखि पशुवत व्यवहार गर्दै आएको थियो र अझै त्यसको अवशेष बाँकी छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
The Religious Life of Muslims of Miya Patan Pokhara
Authors: Ojha Niranjan
Published: April 2023

Muslims of Miya Patan of Pokhara practice their religion in accordance with Islamic law. The Muslims differ to the Hindus or other indigenous people in terms of religious beliefs and its practice. Hindus usually view them as the opposite religion. Because of the cultural assimilation and modernization of the society perception has been gradually changing among Muslims. Muslims of Pokhara practice their religion rigorously and liberally. Instead of young adults with modern education, religious leaders (such Maulana, Imams, and others) are reported to have very strong religious standards and values. In modern non-Muslim culture, religious belief and practice: people have forgotten the philosophical and spiritual advantages of faith. Muslims continue to follow Sariyat in all facets of their religious practice. It should be seen as a fortunate event, and we should take lesson from them. This article is based on qualitative research and aims to look at Muslim religious practice in Miya Patan of Pokhara. It makes an attempt to address the general situation of Muslim religious practices in Pokhara. In-depth interviews and library research are being used to gather data about the subjects under discussion. It is limited to historical study on the subject. Finding of the research can be generalized to study the entire situation of Muslim religious practice in Nepal.
मार्क्सवादकाे प्रादुर्भावमा काल्पनिक समाजवादी चिन्तनकाे भूमिका
Authors: मैनाली गाेविन्द प्रसाद
Published: April 2023

प्रस्तुत आलेखमा वैज्ञानिक समाजवादी चिन्तनको स्रोतको रूपमा रहेको काल्पनिक समाजवादी चिन्तनको अध्ययन गरिएको छ । वैज्ञानिक समाजवादी चिन्तनको स्रोतको अध्ययन गर्दा सेन्ट साइमन, चाल्र्स फुरिये र रोबर्ट ओवेनको काल्पनिक समाजवादी चिन्तनलाई मात्र स्रोत मानिएको छ । १५ औँ शताब्दीबाट थोमस मुन्जर र थोमस मुरबाट सुरू भएको काल्पनिक समाजवादी चिन्तन १९ औँ शताब्दीमा आइपुग्दा मात्र वैज्ञानिक समाजवादी चिन्तनको स्रोत बन्न पुगेको थियो । कार्ल माक्र्स र एंगेल्सले १८४८ मा ‘कम्युनिस्ट घोषणापत्र’ लेखी विश्व राजनीतिमा वैज्ञानिक समाजवादी चिन्तनको उद्भव र विकास गराएका थिए । यस आलेखमा यही वैज्ञानिक समाजवादी चिन्तनको स्रोतको रूपमा रहेको काल्पनिक समाजवादी चिन्तनको अध्ययन गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत आलेखको अध्ययन गर्ने क्रममा निगमन विधिको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत आलेखको मूल उद्देश्य वैज्ञानिक समाजवादी चिन्तनको स्रोतको रूपमा रहेको साइमन, फुरिये र ओवेनका काल्पनिक समाजवादी चिन्तनको अध्ययन गर्नु हो ।
माथरसिंह थापाकाे राजकाज
Authors: थापा बाबुरामसिंह
Published: April 2023

आधुनिक नेपालको निर्माणमा राजा पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको अतुलनीय भूमिका रहेको छ । राज्यहरुको बिघटनले विभिन्न राज्यमा विभक्त नेपाली भू–भागलाई एकीकृत गरी सार्वभौम राष्ट्र बनाउने सपनासंगै राजशक्ति र जनशक्तिको मेल गराई, नेपालको एकीकरण अभियान सम्पन्न गर्ने इच्छा राखेर अघि बढेका पृथ्वीनारायण शाहका उत्तराधिकारीले दिव्य उपदेशको शाश्वत नीतिलाई कार्यान्वयन गर्न सकेनन् । यिनको मृत्युपछि सत्ता संघर्षको खेलमा लागेर भाई–भारदार बीच काटमारको स्थिति उत्पन्न भयो । तात्कालिन राजा राजेन्द्र विक्रम शाहको राजकाज क्षमतामा कमी, महारानी राज्यलक्ष्मीको छोरालाई राजा बनाउने षड्यंत्रले राजकाज सही दिशामा चल्न सकेन । देशको स्थिति बिषम रहेको बेला माथवरसिंह थापाले सुदृढ प्रशासन दिने प्रयास गरे तर उनको हत्या भयो । भारादारहरुबीच सत्ता संघर्षको बिगबिगी र अंग्रेज रेसिडेन्टको कुटनीतिले दरबार झनै भाँडियो । राजा राजेन्द्र विक्रम शाह र बडा महारानी साम्राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी बीचको मत–मतान्तरले राजकाज सहज बनेन । यिनी पछि रानी राज्यलक्ष्मी देवीको समयमा नेपाल फर्किएका माथवरसिंह थापाको असामयिक हत्या पछि एक आपसमा घात–प्रतिघात र षड्यंत्रको भुमरीमा फँसेर नेपालले १०४ वर्षसम्म निरंकुश राणा शासन बेहोर्न वाध्य भयो । यस लेखमा वि.सं. १९०१ साल फागुन ४ मा प्राइम मिनिष्टर र कला बहादुरको खिताब पाएका माथवरसिहको छोटो समयको राजकाजको विश्लेषण गर्ने र यसका लागि गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान विधिको प्रयोग गरी (Qualitative research) तात्कालिन नेपालको राजकाजको यथार्थ स्थिति बारे प्रकाश पारिएको छ ।
Overview of gender mainstreaming in agriculture and rural development in Vietnam
Authors:   Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nhuan Nguyen Huu , Thu Huyen Nguyen Thi ,   Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Khanh Ly Ngo Thi ,   Vietnam Partnership of Human Resource Development for Rural Areas, 4th Floor, A1 Building, Phuong Mai, 102 Truong Chinh Street, Dong Da District, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: April 2023

Gender issues and gender inequality still exist in many countries, especially in remote and poor rural areas. Rural women often suffer from economic disadvantages, low self-confidence in the family and community, and limited access to health, social services, and extension services, which leads to lesser decision-making roles in the production and business of households and in leadership at work. In the context of digital transformation, women were found to be more disadvantaged in comparison with men. Gender mainstreaming activities have only recently become apparent in development efforts but are still limited in development projects. Promoting gender mainstreaming in rural development activities will be necessary to improve the capacity of women towards achieving rural development. Future interventions should pay more attention to building the capacity for women to access more educational and extension services in enabling environments. Institutional monitoring system to track progress in gender mainstreaming in agriculture and rural development will be very important to deliver wider impacts of development programs and projects.
“We were amused by an itinerant singing-man”: Print, Writing, and Orality in Mungo Park’s Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa
Authors: Sood Arun
Published: April 2023

This article draws on critical Indigenous theories to locate previously marginalized knowledge systems in Mungo Park’s Travels in The Interior Districts of Africa (1799). Park’s text abounds with descriptions of jilla keas, “singing-men,” and other examples of West African literary cultures (written and oral). I argue that an Indigenous-centered method of reading allows us to locate the Mande knowledges that not only informed Park’s mediations of orality but also attempted to resist and reimagine oral culture in the face of increasing colonial presence in West Africa. This article offers possibilities for the critical recovery of Indigenous knowledges within colonial texts. I find a possible reason for Park’s detailed engagement with West African oral cultures by locating Travels within a body of Scottish Romantic writing, highlighting the significance of his friendship with Walter Scott in shaping a strong interest in orality.
Edgeworth’s “Great Coat”: A Material-Semiotic Reading of the Irish Mantle and Novelistic Interiority
Authors: Taylor Colleen
Published: April 2023

This article presents a material-semiotic reading of the Irish mantle to develop a new, formal analysis of subjective interiority in Maria Edgeworth’s Irish novels. The mantle’s material functions of concealment and physical defense in medieval Ireland, alongside its imperial and nationalist adaptations in the writings of Edmund Spenser and Joseph Cooper Walker, evince the garment’s complex narrativity. Informed by new materialist theory, this article uses the mantle’s material and semiotic articulations, from its violent history and gendered adaptations in the early nineteenth century, to adapt Deidre Lynch’s model of deep character in the British novel to Irish fiction. Through the allusion to colonial violence, the mantles in Castle Rackrent (1800) and Ennui (1809) structure a deep interiority that is unique to Irish character. The mantle both signals and conceals the depths of Irish subjectivity within the text, confounding reader-character intimacy. Edgeworth’s mantles demand a revised model of deep character for the Irish context.
Solar Gravitational Multipolar Moments: an up-to-date pedagogical approach. Implications for stellar properties. An Analytical Overview
Authors: Rozelot J.P. , Kosovichev A.G. , Kilcik A. , Sahin S. , Xu Y. , Javaraih  , Georgieva K. , Özgüç A.
Published: April 2023

Solar gravitational multipolar moments have not been yet extensively analysed. However, they are at the crossroads of solar physics, solar astrometry, celestial mechanics, and General Relativity. Their values reflect the physics of solar models: non-rigid rotation, solar latitudinal rotation, solar-core properties, solar-cycle variations, and structure evolution. Their temporal variations are still often neglected; they are yet an essential aspect for constraining solar-cycle modelling or solar-evolution theories. They induced planet-planet inclinations in multi-transiting systems gravitating in the neighbouring of a star, leading to key issues future studies. This paper is devoted to an analytical analysis; a second part will address a helioseismology analysis.
Features of research activities in elementary school
Authors: Kirgizova Anastasiia Viktorovna
Published: April 2023

This study describes the specifics of the implementation of research activities in elementary school. The purpose of this article is to determine the specifics of the organization of research activity of primary school children. The article outlines the component composition of research activity in order to diagnose the corresponding process in elementary school children. The features of research activity, specifically creative nature, scientific, versatility, consistency (or stages) and continuity are highlighted.
Analysis of the content of heavy metal ions in the coastal zones of the northern part of the Apsheron peninsula
Authors:   Azerbaijan State University Of Oil And Industry, Aliyeva Narmina Tarlan , Sadigov Ramil Ali ,   Azerbaijan State University of Economics-UNEC, Mamedova Rana Isgender ,   Azerbaijan State University Of Oil And Industry, Ibadova Sevinj Yadulla ,   Azerbaijan State University Of Oil And Industry
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to studies of heavy metal pollution of the soil cover of the coastal zones of the northern part of the Apsheron Peninsula. Pollution of the coastal zones of the Caspian Sea, serving to a greater extent as a recreational area for the population, by toxic substances is of great concern and to solve this problem, periodic studies of these zones for the presence of heavy metals are necessary. For the first time, a comparative analysis of the content of heavy metals in different areas (Buzovna, Sumgait, Novkhany) of the northern part of the Apsheron peninsula was carried out and the presumable causes of their accumulation were outlined. The researched soils in the northwestern and northeastern part of the peninsula were grouped according to the degree of concentration of heavy metals depending on the depth of the researched soils. Zinc (77.0 mg/kg, at 0–16 cm depth, transect № 03), copper, and cadmium (88 mg/kg and 0.36 mg/kg at 0–20 cm depth, transect № 05) had the highest concentrations relative to other trace elements. Concentrations of zinc and copper in the northwestern direction of the peninsula increase by 1.5 and 3–3.5 times, respectively, as compared with the generally accepted norms. Average content of heavy metals, especially Ni, Cd, Pb in flooded soils at the depth of 0–100 cm increased 2.7 times on average as a result of coastal flooding by waters of Caspian Sea. The value of total heavy metals reaches a maximum in the northwestern direction.
ВНУТРІШНІЙ РИНОК І ТОРГІВЛЯ УКРАЇНИ: СТРУКТУРНО-ІНСТИТУЦІОНАЛЬНА ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ
Authors: : В.Д. Лагутін , Ю.М. Уманців , А.Г. Герасименко , О.Г. Гриценко
Published: April 2023

У монографії здійснено комплексне обґрунтування теоретико-методологічних засад дослідження динаміки, структури та інститутів внутрішнього ринку і торгівлі, розкрито економічний зміст та механізми структурно-інституціональної трансформації внутрішнього ринку в посткризовий період розвитку національної економіки в умовах глобалізації. Важливу увагу приділено аналізу трансформації та регулювання конкурентних відносин на внутрішньому ринку. Монографія розрахована на науковців, викладачів і студентів вищих навчальних закладів, фахівців-практиків, усіх, хто цікавиться проблемами розвитку внутрішнього ринку і торгівлі.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEMATISATION OF THE GLOBAL ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL USE OF BIOMASS
Authors:   Zaporizhzhia National University, Ukraine, Kuris Yury , Vidloha Yana ,   Zaporizhzhia National University, Ukraine
Published: April 2023

The work is devoted to work out the technology of power usage of biogas, received as a result of anaerobic fermentation of biomass with the purpose of reducing fossils fuels consumption and greenhouse gases emission. The analysis of power biomass usage technologies in Ukraine has been made, the ways of solution of ecological problem greenhouse effect emergence and climate change connected with it have been formulated. The regularities of the influence of excess air on the environmental and thermal performance of the boiler were revealed, and the effects that occur when combusting mixtures of natural gas and biogas in different proportions were established. For the first time, the indicators of harmful emissions during the combustion of biogas in steel water heating boilers of low power, depending on the mode and design of the boilers, were determined.
Evaluation of the shear strength of rocks by cracks based on the results of testing samples with spherical indentors
Authors: Korshunov Vladimir , Pavlovich Anton , Bazhukov Alexander
Published: April 2023

Experimental data on the relationship of the residual shear strength of rocks in closed cracks with the functional characteristics of intact rocks – the tensile and compressive components of adhesion, the roughness of the crack surfaces, and the level of normal stresses are presented. A unified integrated approach determines the shear strength of intact and destroyed rocks, the residual shear strength of closed rough cracks has been developed. The approach provides for the selection of stress intervals corresponding to different types of fracture, for each of which a strength criterion is proposed, expressed in terms of functional characteristics of intact rock. An express method for estimating the residual shear strength of rocks by cracks with a rough surface has been developed, in which an improved method of loading samples with spherical indentors is used as a basic test method. The express method implements the transition from the data of mechanical tests of samples with spherical indentors to the shear strength indicators for cracks in the rock mass, taking into account the level of normal stresses and the roughness of the crack surfaces measured in field conditions. In this case the roughness scale developed by Barton is used. The express method is informative and available in the fieldwork.