bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOME COMMENTS ABOUT THE AFFIX -AK IN PERSIAN WORDS
Authors:   Teacher, Faculty of Uzbek language and literature, Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute, Abduvaliev Abdulhamid Abdumominovich
Published: March 2021

This article provides detailed information on the use of the affix -ak , meaning smallness, inferiority, deficiency of the vocabulary of the Uzbek language.
STUDY OF THE ORIGIN OF THE UZBEK PEOPLE IN 1991-1998
Authors:   PhD student, Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, Abirov Valisher Elmurodovich
Published: March 2021

During the years of independence, it is important to study ideas about the origin of the Uzbek people, analyze them, compare and evaluate the main directions of research, scientific results. The article provides an in-depth study and analysis of research on this topic in 1991-1998.
THE DIGITAL ECONOMY: ADVANTAGES AND RISKS
Authors:   Associate Professor, Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ubaydullayev Lutfulla Xabibullayevich , Dedajanov Bakhtiyor Nabijanovich ,   Associate Professor, Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology
Published: March 2021

: The article highlights the development of digital technologies, one of the global changes, and its role in the transformation of the economy. Approaches to the development of the digital economy, the impact of the development of the digital economy on employment, its advantages and disadvantages are expressed.
Asociación entre obesidad y tasa de filtración glomerular en población con hipertensión arterial
Authors: Bautista-Florez Nhoreidy , Vega-González Karla María , Figueroa-Cabrera Aida Nery , Ramos-Castaneda Jorge A
Published: March 2021

Introducción: La obesidad tiene consecuencias para el sistema de salud por su asociación con la morbimortalidad y la afectación de la calidad de vida. A nivel individual genera proteinuria y glomeruloesclerosis, que aceleran la disminución de la filtración glomerular. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre obesidad y tasa de filtración glomerular en población con hipertensión arterial. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, que analizó la obesidad y filtración glomerular en 3.197 pacientes con hipertensión arterial de una instituciónde primer nivel de atención. Se revisaron historias clínicas obteniendo variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas, parámetros clínicos, y clasificación de la enfermedad renal crónica. Resultados: La población tuvo un promedio de edad de 64±12,47 años, y en su mayoría fueron del sexo femenino (70,58%). La prevalencia de obesidad grado I fue (26,11%), grado II (9,63%) y grado III (4,56%). Los obesos tuvieron una mediana de la tasa de filtrado glomerular superior comparado con los no obesos, pero dicha diferencia solo fue observada en los estadios de ERC I y II. Conclusión: Existe asociación entre obesidad e incremento de la tasa de filtrado glomerular solamente en estadios I y II. El perímetro abdominal, la tensión arterial no controlada y el LDL fueron variables que influyen en el promedio de la tasa de filtrado glomerular, pero tienen un comportamiento diferente por grado de enfermedad renal crónica.
The item/order account of word frequency effects: Evidence from serial order tests
Authors: Neath Ian , Quinlan Philip T.
Published: March 2021

According to the item/order hypothesis, high-frequency words are processed more efficiently and therefore order information can be readily encoded. In contrast, low-frequency words are processed less efficiently and the focus on item-specific processing compromises order information. Most experiments testing this account use free recall, which has led to two problems: First, the role of order information is difficult to evaluate in free recall, and second, the data from free recall show all three possible patterns of results: memory for high-frequency words can be better than, the same as, or worse than that for low-frequency words. A series of experiments tested the item/order hypothesis using tests where the role of order information is less ambiguous. The item/order hypothesis predicts better performance for high- than low-frequency words when pure lists are used in both immediate serial recall (ISR) and serial reconstruction of order (SRO) tests. In contrast, when mixed (alternating) lists are used, it predicts better performance for low- than for high-frequency words with ISR tests, but equivalent performance with SRO tests. The experiments generally confirm these predictions, with the notable exception of a block order effect in SRO tasks: When a block of low-frequency lists preceded a block of high-frequency lists, a high-frequency advantage was observed but when a block of high-frequency lists preceded a block of low-frequency lists, no frequency effect was observed. A final experiment provides evidence that this block order effect is due to metacognitive factors.
Data analysis in complex biomolecular systems
Authors: Yatskou M. M. , Apanasovich V. V.
Published: March 2021

The biomolecular technology progress is directly related to the development of effective methods and algorithms for processing a large amount of information obtained by modern high-throughput experimental equipment. The priority task is the development of promising computational tools for the analysis and interpretation of biophysical information using the methods of big data and computer models. An integrated approach to processing large datasets, which is based on the methods of data analysis and simulation modelling, is proposed. This approach allows to determine the parameters of biophysical and optical processes occurring in complex biomolecular systems. The idea of an integrated approach is to use simulation modelling of biophysical processes occurring in the object of study, comparing simulated and most relevant experimental data selected by dimension reduction methods, determining the characteristics of the investigated processes using data analysis algorithms. The application of the developed approach to the study of bimolecular systems in fluorescence spectroscopy experiments is considered. The effectiveness of the algorithms of the approach was verified by analyzing of simulated and experimental data representing the systems of molecules and proteins. The use of complex analysis increases the efficiency of the study of biophysical systems during the analysis of big data.
The Physical Drivers of the Luminosity-weighted Dust Temperatures in High-redshift Galaxies
Authors: Burnham Anne D. , Casey Caitlin M. , Zavala Jorge A. , Manning Sinclaire M. , Spilker Justin S. , Chapman Scott C. , Chen Chian-Chou , Cooray Asantha , Sanders David B. , Scoville Nick Z.
Published: March 2021

The underlying distribution of galaxies’ dust spectral energy distributions (SEDs) (i.e., their spectra reradiated by dust from rest-frame ∼3 μm to 3 mm) remains relatively unconstrained owing to a dearth of far-IR/(sub)millimeter data for large samples of galaxies. It has been claimed in the literature that a galaxy’s dust temperature—observed as the wavelength where the dust SED peaks (λ
peak)—is traced most closely by its specific star formation rate (sSFR) or parameterized “distance” to the SFR–M
⋆ relation (the galaxy “main sequence”). We present 024 resolved 870 μm ALMA dust continuum observations of seven z = 1.4–4.6 dusty star-forming galaxies chosen to have a large range of well-constrained luminosity-weighted dust temperatures. We also draw on similar-resolution dust continuum maps from a sample of ALESS submillimeter galaxies from Hodge et al (2016). We constrain the physical scales over which the dust radiates and compare those measurements to characteristics of the integrated SED. We confirm significant correlations of λ
peak with both L
IR (or SFR) and ΣIR (∝SFR surface density). We investigate the correlation between log10(λ
peak) and log10(ΣIR) and find the relation to hold as would be expected from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, or the effective size of an equivalent blackbody. The correlations of λ
peak with sSFR and distance from the SFR–M
⋆ relation are less significant than those for ΣIR or L
IR; therefore, we conclude that the more fundamental tracer of galaxies’ luminosity-weighted integrated dust temperatures are indeed their star formation surface densities in line with local universe results, which relate closely to the underlying geometry of dust in the interstellar medium.
Measuring Magnetization with Rotation Measures and Velocity Centroids in Supersonic MHD Turbulence
Authors: Xu Siyao , Hu Yue
Published: March 2021

The interstellar turbulence is magnetized and thus anisotropic. The anisotropy of turbulent magnetic fields and velocities is imprinted in the related observables, rotation measures (RMs), and velocity centroids (VCs). This anisotropy provides valuable information on both the direction and strength of the magnetic field. However, its measurement is difficult, especially in highly supersonic turbulence in cold interstellar phases, due to the distortions by isotropic density fluctuations. By using 3D simulations of supersonic and sub-Alfvénic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence, we find that the problem can be alleviated when we selectively sample the volume filling low-density regions in supersonic MHD turbulence. Our results show that in these low-density regions the anisotropy of RM and VC fluctuations depends on the Alfvénic Mach number as

. This anisotropy−M
A relation is theoretically expected for sub-Alfvénic MHD turbulence and confirmed by our synthetic observations of 12CO emission. It provides a new method for measuring the plane-of-the-sky magnetic fields in cold interstellar phases.
On-disk Solar Coronal Condensations Facilitated by Magnetic Reconnection between Open and Closed Magnetic Structures
Authors: Li Leping , Peter Hardi , Chitta Lakshmi Pradeep , Song Hongqiang
Published: March 2021

Coronal condensation and rain are a crucial part of the mass cycle between the corona and chromosphere. In some cases, condensation and subsequent rain originate in the magnetic dips formed during magnetic reconnection. This provides a new and alternative formation mechanism for coronal rain. Until now, only off-limb, rather than on-disk, condensation events during reconnection have been reported. In this paper, employing extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) images of the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) and Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), we investigate the condensations facilitated by reconnection from 2011 July 14–15, when STEREO was in quadrature with respect to the Sun–Earth line. Above the limb, in STEREO/EUV Imager (EUVI) 171 Å images, higher-lying open structures move downward, reconnect with the lower-lying closed loops, and form dips. Two sets of newly reconnected structures then form. In the dips, bright condensations occur in the EUVI 304 Å images repeatedly, which then flow downward to the surface. In the on-disk observations by SDO/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) in the 171 Å channel, these magnetic structures are difficult to identify. Dark condensations appear in the AIA 304 Å images, and then move to the surface as on-disk coronal rain. The cooling and condensation of coronal plasma is revealed by the EUV light curves. If only the on-disk observations were be available, the relation between the condensations and reconnection, shown clearly by the off-limb observations, could not be identified. Thus, we suggest that some on-disk condensation events seen in transition region and chromospheric lines may be facilitated by reconnection.
Using the unit software model to improve design solutions and optimize process management
Authors: Statsura Dmitry B. , Tuchkov Maksim Yu. , Povarov Pyotr V. , Tikhonov Aleksandr I. , Padun Sergey P. , Vorobyov Aleksandr P. , Mayorova Margarita M.
Published: March 2021

Advanced design power units are distinguished by a high degree of digital transformation. Therefore, of particular interest are operator information (intelligent) support systems, which can reduce the workload on operating personnel as well as predict possible deviations long before they evolve into severe emergencies.

The article analyzes the current standard process documentation that requires solutions to support the operator and determines the list of system functions that should be provided to improve the safety level of nuclear power plants. A brief overview of the world experience in implementing such solutions is also provided.

As an example of the further development of operator support systems, the authors consider the operator information support system (OISS), which is being developed at the NvNPP pilot unit with the VVER-1200 reactor. The OISS functions will make it possible to fulfill the requirements of standard process documentation that are currently not implemented in the power unit design.

The key features of the OISS under development are step-by-step interactive procedures and the unit software model. The authors provide a brief description of the power unit software model and consider several examples of its practical application as part of the OISS to improve design solutions and optimize automatic process control. In the years ahead, it is proposed to implement the OISS at power units under construction in order to reduce the information overload of operators and create conditions for a step-by-step increase in the automation level of the power unit control.
Rapid preliminary modeling of transport reactor cores
Authors: Korolev Vladimir I.
Published: March 2021

At the present time, JSC Baltiskiy zavod has built and transported to the deployment site at Pevek Akademik Lomonosov, a floating nuclear power unit (FNPU), project 20870. There are also three multi-purpose nuclear icebreakers of project 22220 (Arktika, Sibir, Ural) under construction at Baltiskiy being at different readiness stages. A decision has been made to build a nuclear icebreaker, Lider, of even a higher power. Integral reactors developed by JSC OKBM Afrikantov are installed in the nuclear icebreakers using new assembly-type cores which have not been used earlier in floating facilities. A great deal of preliminary calculation is required to give these cores as advantageous characteristics as possible. The paper proposes a procedure for rapid modeling of floating cores with varied operating and design characteristics. This procedure can be used as part of preliminary modeling. The procedure is based on using a combined dimensionless parameter proposed by the author in (Korolev 2009). A chart is presented to model the key performance of cores for floating objects with a nuclear reactor NPPs. Eight assembly-type core options, which can be installed in transport reactors of a modular or integral design, are analyzed.
Low-power nuclear power plants in the context of electric power systems transformation
Authors: Sarkisov Ashot A. , Antipov Sergey V. , Smolentsev Dmitry O. , Bilashenko Vyacheslav P. , Kobrinsky Mikhail N. , Sotnikov Vladimir A. , Shvedov Pavel A.
Published: March 2021

Increasing economic importance of the Arctic, further intensification of northern sea routes, and exceptional sensitivity of the arctic natural environment to anthropogenic impacts are fundamental factors for a comprehensive study of environmental aspects in the application of innovative technologies for the development of infrastructure in the Arctic.

Despite the growing interest in low-power nuclear power plants as a distributed generation facility, their possible application in technologically isolated power systems does not lose relevance. The development of both the Arctic and Far Eastern regions of the Russian Federation presents great opportunities and demand for the use of nuclear power sources. Also, development programs for the Russian arctic zone imply a significant increase in the role and number of nuclear power facilities, in other words of potential radiation-hazardous facilities.

Large-scale use of nuclear-powered installations in the Arctic necessitates advanced development of a scientifically grounded and modern forecasting system as well as assessments of threats and risks in case of possible radiation emergencies at nuclear- and radiation-hazardous facilities. Also, the development of proposals for necessary measures to minimize negative consequences of such emergencies is required. This is especially true for the case of compact placement of industrial, infrastructure and residential facilities in the Arctic in the immediate vicinity of nuclear facilities.

The paper demonstrates that the demand for low-power nuclear power plants and their competitiveness will grow steadily in the conditions of electric-power industry decentralization, further spread of distributed generation and the development of technologically isolated power systems. Approaches to the generation of a low nuclear-power system based on the philosophy of industrialization of production and centralized management are presented. Special features of the environmental impact assessment of low-power nuclear power plants for the development of a methodology to study the radio-ecological hazard related problems are provided.
La gestion des parties prenantes dans le cadre d'une politique RSE dans le secteur de l’exploitation forestière au Cameroun : le cas des PME
Authors: Sangué-Fotso Robert
Published: March 2021

Cet article cerne la RSE comme mécanisme de facilitation des transactions socio-économiques des PME forestières à travers le rôle des différentes parties prenantes. À partir d’une étude qualitative au Cameroun, il explore les fondements de la RSE comme un dispositif de régulation sociale qui structure les interactions entre les divers acteurs et les enjeux de son explicitation. Il ressort de nos analyses deux logiques de RSE. La première relève de la RSE « amont » qui conduit à la définition des bases contractuelles de toutes transactions forestières et s’impose comme mécanisme de mise en relation des différents acteurs avec le processus d’exploitation. La seconde, la RSE « aval », relevant de la démarche prescrite par les institutions permet d’entretenir les mécanismes de transaction. Classification JEL : D63, P26, Q23, Q28
Optimal release programs for dengue prevention using Aedes aegypti mosquitoes transinfected with wMel or wMelPop Wolbachia strains
Authors: Cardona-Salgado Daiver , Campo-Duarte Doris Elena , Sepulveda-Salcedo Lilian Sofia , Vasilieva Olga , Svinin Mikhail
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we propose a dengue transmission model of SIR(S)-SI type that accounts for two sex-structured mosquito populations: the wild mosquitoes (males and females that are Wolbachia-free), and those deliberately infected with either wMel or wMelPop strain of Wolbachia. This epidemiological model has four possible outcomes: with or without Wolbachia and with or without dengue. To reach the desired outcome, with Wolbachia and without dengue, we employ the dynamic optimization approach and then design optimal programs for releasing Wolbachia-carrying male and female mosquitoes. Our discussion is focused on advantages and drawbacks of two Wolbachia strains, wMelPop and wMel, that are recommended for dengue prevention and control. On the one hand, the wMel strain guarantees a faster population replacement, ensures durable Wolbachia persistence in the wild mosquito population, and requiters fewer releases. On the other hand, the wMelPop strain displays better results for averting dengue infections in the human population.
Résilience communautaire et participation paysanne à l’évaluation des risques à Madagascar : importance de l’approche participative
Authors: LEMENA Hermann K. , RALITERA Jaurès C , Salava Julien , Randrianalijaona Mahefasoa
Published: March 2021

La collaboration entre les chercheurs et la communauté de base en matière de gestion des risques naturels est une relation déjà établie depuis plusieurs années. Pour une meilleure évaluation des risques au niveau communautaire, plusieurs méthodes d’analyse comme les critères standards d’évaluation et la recherche-action en sciences sociales ont souvent été utilisées. Mais ces derniers temps, une méthode d’évaluation des risques à base communautaire est développée pour améliorer la fiabilité des résultats d’analyse par diverses raisons. Cette nouvelle méthode est pratiquée par plusieurs pays et différents organismes ou entité travaillant dans le domaine des risques de catastrophe. Le présent article soulève l’importance de l’utilisation, par l’animateur, de quelques outils de l’évaluation des risques à base communautaire jugés pertinents pour une analyse à partir des contextes locaux.
De l’enseignement mutuel à la pédagogie différenciée : la place de l’enseignement simultané
Authors: Kahn Sabine , Roland Elsa
Published: March 2021

L’histoire récente de l’École est semée d’élans, d’innovations, de prescriptions afin de pallier les pathologies et inégalités scolaires, violences symboliques et effectives et multiples échecs de nos systèmes scolaires. La pédagogie différenciée fait-elle partie de ces tentatives ? Quelles dimensions viciées de l’École vise-t-elle à compenser, voire à masquer ? Peut-elle échapper à cette malédiction et effectivement contribuer à l’émancipation de tous les élèves ? L’objet de cet article est d’interroger le concept de « pédagogie différenciée » et de le mettre en relation avec l’organisation structurelle de l’école, telle que nous la connaissons aujourd’hui, et les effets pervers engendrés. Un détour par le passé sera nécessaire afin d’historiciser l’enseignement simultané dans lequel s’inscrit la pédagogie différenciée en France, en Belgique et dans de nombreux pays dans le monde. L’enseignement simultané n’a pourtant pas toujours existé pour penser l’apprentissage et/ou la transmission des savoirs. Il était, jusqu’au début du XIXe siècle, en concurrence avec de nombreuses autres formes d’enseignement – dont l’école mutuelle qui connut un grand succès à la fin du XVIIIe en France, en Belgique et en Angleterre, mais qui fut pourtant disqualifiée, au nom de son « efficacité » selon Anne Querrien. L’école mutuelle sera présentée dans cet article afin de problématiser certaines des manières de penser la différenciation en sciences de l’éducation ces 50 dernières années.
Le sens accordé à la différenciation pédagogique par des enseignants du secondaire : quels constats pour le projet inclusif ?
Authors: Bergeron Geneviève , Houde Gabriel B. , Prud’homme Luc , Abat-Roy Virginie
Published: March 2021

Au Québec, où le projet inclusif est fortement associé à la mise en œuvre de la différenciation pédagogique (DP) dans les documents ministériels (Ministère de l’Éducation et de l’Enseignement supérieur [MEES], 2017), force est de constater que les enseignants se sentent peu outillés pour passer à l’action (Ducharme, 2018). Plus encore, il semble que les défis s’accentuent à l’ordre d’enseignement secondaire, d’autant plus lorsque des élèves manifestant des difficultés comportementales sont intégrés en classe (Bergeron, 2014). C’est dans ce contexte que cette étude interroge le sens qu’attribuent des enseignants du secondaire à la DP. L’article présente certains des résultats d’une recherche qualitative menée auprès de douze enseignants québécois. Les données recueillies à l’aide d’un questionnaire et d’une entrevue semi-dirigée mettent notamment en évidence que la DP relève d’une logique réactive et déficitaire consistant à corriger des difficultés par des interventions individualisées auprès des élèves considérés comme ayant des besoins particuliers.
Azolla Biomass as Liquid Biofertilizer to Improve Yield and Productivity of Paddy Plant Using Efficient Monitoring System
Authors: Bakar Nur Husnina Iffah , Adzahar Noor Suhana , Lee Thong Chuan , Yusvana Rama , Raus Raha Ahmad
Published: March 2021

Azolla Filliculoides has been utilized as biofertilizer to increase productivity and yield of paddy. Azolla was used as a good source of nutrient to the paddy plant. In this study, we investigated the growth and productivity of paddy plant supplemented with liquid Azolla biofertilizer. The preparation of Azolla was monitored under several parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and salinity in an aquaponics system. Water quality analysis of the aquaponic system was monitored by using the Arduino system which the customized design that consists of a microcontroller to record the parameters directly to the computing device in a single optimum and efficient system. The nutrient composition of liquid Azolla biofertilizer was analyzed by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP/MS) and CHNS elemental analysers. hows that liquid Azolla contents 0.958% nitrogen, 15.5 ppm phosphorus and 159.8 ppm potassium. After four months, the yield of paddy on Azolla was 149.12 kg/he with the productivity of 63.157 kg/he/year. This application helped to an efficient monitoring system for measure high yield and productivity of biofertilizer by Arduino software monitoring. This study can act as an initial step for the web-based automated control and monitoring of the food production system.
Performance and Kinetic Evaluation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Digestion in a Continuous High Rate Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Bioreactor
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamad Mokhtar , Jemaat Zulkifly , Hamid Nour Abdurahman
Published: March 2021

In this study, we operated a 10 litre upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor continuosly at mesophilic temperature (38 °C). UASB reactor performance was evaluated based on the impact of the hydraulic retention time (HRT) ranged between 1 and 5 days and influent COD concentration in the range of 4540 mgL-1 and 20,820 mgL-1. The pH of the UASB was maintained in the range of 6.5 to 7.2 by adding buffering solution containing of 5 gL-1 of calcium oxide (CaO) derived from waste cockle shells. A simplified Monod’s model was employed to describe kinetics of anaerobic digestion of POME by using UASB reactor at organic loading rates (OLR) in the range between 1.17 g.CODL-1d-1 and 17.22 g.CODL-1d-1. A high COD degradation rate of 93.26 % was recorded at OLR of 3.92 g.COD L-1d-1 and HRT of 4 days. The UASB reactor generated the maximum biogas production at 34.95 L/d when operated at HRT 1 day and OLR 7.70 g.CODL-1. The proposed kinetic equations are applicable to describe anaerobic treatment of palm oil mill effluent with the UASB reactor. Biokinetic coefficients evaluated were, the growth yield (YG), 3.906 g VSS/g CODremoved.d-1; the specific biomass decay (b), 0.233 d-1; the specific biomass growth rate (μmax), 1.861 d-1; and the saturation constant (Ks), 3.459 g-CODL-1.
In Vitro Wound Healing Effect of Asiaticoside Extracted from Centella asiatica (‘Pegaga’) on Human Gingival Fibroblast Cell Line
Authors: Suriyah Wastuti Hidayati , Rizal Aisyah Juares , Nadzirin Hana Syakirah Mohamed , Ichwan Solachuddin Jauhari Arief , Isa Muhammad Lokman Md.
Published: March 2021

Asiaticoside is a bioactive compound found in the traditional plant Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort or ‘Pegaga’) generally used for wound healing applications. Numerous studies have discussed the potential benefits of asiaticoside on different human cells such as keratinocytes and dermal fibroblast cells in healing of wounds. However only very few studies have been conducted to investigate its healing effect on cells originated from human oral cavity. The present study aimed to determine the potential of asiaticoside on human gingival fibroblast cells. Cytotoxic activities of the compounds were assessed by MTT assay. The wound healing was examined by scratch assay. The effect of asiaticoside on Col1A1 gene expression was also analyzed using qRT-PCR. Col1A1 is known to play a crucial role in wound healing. The MTT assay result showed that the maximum tolerable concentration of asiaticoside was 0.25 mg/ml. The scratch assay revealed that asiaticoside significantly accelerated the wound healing compared to the negative control (P<0.05). Moreover, the qRT-PCR demonstrated that asiaticoside markedly increased Col1A1 mRNA expression. These results proved asiaticoside as a potential candidate for wound healing agent in dentistry.
Enhancement of Cisplatin Cytotoxicity in Combination with Thymoquinone on Oral Cancer HSC-4 Cell Line
Authors: Suriyah Wastuti Hidayati , Ichwan Solachuddin Jauhari Arief , Isa Muhammad Lokman Md.
Published: March 2021

Cisplatin (CDDP) is frequently used as an adjuvant chemotherapy in oral cancer management and often associated with significant adverse effects. Natural occurring compounds have provided considerable value in cancer chemotherapeutic research. Thymoquinone (TQ), the main constituent of Nigella sativa has been widely known for its anti-neoplastic activities with negligible undesirable effect on normal cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the enhancement of CDDP cytotoxicity in combination with TQ oral cancer HSC-4 cell line. Cytotoxicity assay followed by Isobologram and Combination Index (CI) analysis using CompuSyn software demonstrated that combined exposure of 1.66 μM (‘low-dose’) of CDDP and 1.52 μM of TQ exhibited synergism on HSC-4 cells with CI value <1 (0.362 and 0.538 at 24h and 48h, respectively). In addition, it was revealed that the low CDDP dose used in the assay was sufficient to reduce the percentage of viable HSC-4 cells at the level comparable to those exposed to IC50 dose of CDDP alone (16.9 μM and 1.97 μM at 24h and 48h respectively). The cytotoxicity assay also confirmed that CDDP treatment at the low-dose had no effect on human oral fibroblasts viability. The study indicates the potential use of TQ to augment the chemotherapeutic activities of CDDP against oral cancers while minimizing the CDDP toxic side effects on normal cells.
Effect of Solvents Ratio and Polymer Concentration on Electrospun Polybenzimidazole Nanofiber Membranes Fabrication
Authors: Nordin Norhayati , Misnon Izan Izwan , Chong Kwok Feng , Loh Kee Shyuan , Rajan Jose
Published: March 2021

Polybenzimidazole (PBI) nanofiber membranes were prepared using electrospinning potential of 15 kV and 0.2 ml/h flow rate at different PBI concentrations (6.5 and 7.5 w/v%) with the solvent mixture ratio (DMAc:DMF) of 1:1 and 2:1, respectively. This study investigated the properties of the polymeric solution and the effects of solvent ratio and concentration on morphology, hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of PBI nanofiber membranes. The solvent mixture ratio and spinning solution properties are not significantly different than the effect of polymer concentration on the viscosity. The viscosity and surface tension of spinning solutions increases with an increase in the concentration of PBI. It was observed that the average diameter of nanofibers was 75 and 97 nm for 6.5 and 7.5 w/v% PBI spinning solution, respectively. Moreover, the contact angle values range from 111 to 125°. This observation reflects that the nanofiber membranes are hydrophobic. Another finding is that the nanofiber membranes with 7.5 w/v% of PBI showed excellent mechanical properties with the maximum stress value of 4.20 ± 0.29 MPa. The finding also shows that the polymer concentration on the spinning solution influences the structure and morphology of the nanofibers. On the other hand, the solvent mixture ratio does not have any significant impact on the nanofiber membranes properties.
Fiber Morphology of Different Bamboo Species and Age
Authors: Suhaimi Nur Musfirah , Mohd Hassan Nurul Husna , Ibrahim Rushdan , Jasmani Latifah
Published: March 2021

Fiber morphology of 3 species of bamboo namely Bambusa vulgaris, Gigantochloa levis, and Gigantochloa scortechinii at age of 1, 3, and 5 years, was evaluated. It shows that different species of bamboo have different properties in terms of their fiber morphology that consist of fiber length, fiber diameter, and lumen diameter. Fiber diameter, fiber length, and cell wall thickness increased with the increasing of the bamboo age but the lumen diameter decreased when the bamboo gets older. G. levis at age 1 to 3 and G. scortechinii at age 1 have high potential to be the raw materials for the pulp and paper industry.
Table of Contents Vol 1 (2020)
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: March 2021

No abstract available.
Table of Contents Vol 23, No 1 (2020)
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: March 2021

No abstract available.
Clinical, laboratory and radiological features and outcomes of moderate to severe COVID-19 patients
Authors: Nehara Hardeva Ram , Agrawal Sahaj , Chhimpa Atma Ram , IH Sunil , Arakeri Avadusidda , Sirohi Pramendra
Published: March 2021

Objective:

To describe the clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics and outcomes of moderate-to-severe coronvirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed 43 RT-PCR confirmed moderate-to-severe COVID-19 patients who were admitted to a tertiary care center. The primary composite outcomes were admission to intensive care unit, requirement of mechanical ventilation, and death.

Results:

The median age of the patients was 50 years, and 62.8% of the patients were male. Out of 43 patients, 15 (34.88%) were categorized as severe. A total of 26 (60.47%) patients had 1 or more comorbidities [diabetes (34.88%) and hypertension (30.23%)]. The median duration from the onset of symptoms to admission was 3 days, and the most common symptoms were dyspnoea (90.7%), cough (79.07%), fever (69.77%), and body ache (46.51%). Leucopenia was presented in 14 (32.56%) patients, lymphopenia in 26 (60.47%) patients, and monocytosis in 7 (16.28%) patients. Besides, 40 (93.02%) patients had bilateral patchy nodular or interstitial infiltration on chest X-ray. The primary outcomes occurred in 20 patients (46.5%), among whom 8 required mechanical ventilation. The patients who had met the primary outcomes were older. They were prone to have at least 1 comorbidity (P=0.004), diabetes (P=0.01), hypertension, higher sequential organ failure assessment score, more tachycardia, lower SpO2, lower PaO2/FiO2, more thrombocytopenia, and more pancytopenia.

Conclusions:

This retrospective study identified several risk factors for poor outcomes in adults with COVID-19. In particular, older age, tachycardia, high SOFA score, low SpO2, low PaO2/FiO2, presence of comorbidities in form of diabetes and hypertension, thrombocytopenia, and pancytopenia at admission were associated with higher odds of ICU admission, a requirement of mechanical ventilation and in-hospital death.
The unsolved mystery of hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide
Authors: Cho Justin Y. , Matsukawa Noriyuki
Published: March 2021

Cholinergic efferent networks located from the medial septal nucleus to the hippocampus play a pivotal role in learning and memory outcomes by generating regular theta rhythms that enhance information retention. Hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide (HCNP), derived from the N-terminus of HCNP precursor protein (HCNP-pp), promotes the synthesis of acetylcholine in the medial septal nuclei. HCNP-pp deletion significantly reduced theta power in CA1 possibly due to lower levels of choline acetyltransferase-positive axons in CA1 stratum oriens, suggesting cholinergic disruptions in the septo-hippocampal system. This review also explores HCNP as a potent cholinergic regulator in the septo-hippocampal network while also examining the limitations of our understanding of the neurostimulating peptide.
Bone marrow-derived NCS-01 cells for ischemic stroke
Authors: Saft Madeline , Koga Minako , Borlongan Cesario V.
Published: March 2021

Stroke stands as one of the most common causes of death among adults worldwide. Currently, tissue plasminogen activator serves as the only approved drug by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Stem cell therapy serves as a viable treatment option and has been deemed as a safe and effective treatment for stroke patients. Adult human bone marrow-derived NCS-01 cells serve as a potential treatment for stroke given their ability to reduce stroke-induced pathological deficits by increasing cell viability and mitochondrial activity. Recently, we demonstrated the use of adult bone marrow-derived NCS-01 cells both on both in vitro and in vivo models. Using NCS-01 cells in rat stroke models subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion, an effective dosage of 7.5 × 106 cells/ml, administered through the intracarotid artery within 3 days poststroke, was shown to display significant improvements in motor and neurological behaviors, reductions in infarct area, and peri-infarct cell loss. NCS-01 cells, in comparison with other lines of stem cells (Li cells), are shown to produce greater therapeutic effects, most likely due to the observed filopodia formation that allows the stem cells to extend and target the ischemic cells. Given these findings, NCS-01 stem cells serve as a potential treatment for stroke through the demonstration of profound efficacy and further research that favors their filopodia-mediated mechanism of action.
Vascular tortuosity in endovascular mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Farooq Jeffrey , Lee Jea Young
Published: March 2021

Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy effectively removes occlusive thrombi from the arterial lumen; however, there is little literature supporting the relevance of vascular geometry on surgical outcomes. Critical vessel characteristics including the degree of angulation and tortuosity influence the ability to advance stent retriever devices toward the site of occlusion. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the impact of carotid artery catheter pathway accessibility on the thrombectomy outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Traditional imaging modalities generate incomplete pictures of the vascular tortuosity and are prone to clinical judgment errors. Recent three-dimensional computed tomography angiography image analysis techniques circumvent these limitations to calculate accurate tortuosity and angulation measurements. These novel images facilitate classifying common anatomical variant patients into groups that may be treated with specially designed catheter devices. Importantly, this image analysis method reveals significant angulation in the common carotid artery and extracranial internal carotid artery that correlates with delays in reaching the occlusion site. Increased age, which is associated with increased risk of stroke, also increases the incidence of severe tortuosity. The semi-automated measurements technique also demonstrate that full 360° arterial loops are present in nearly 3% of catheter pathways and that the overall degree of angulation differs bilaterally. In this review, we examine the utility of this novel image analysis procedure and evaluate the recent literature relevant to neuroendovascular thrombectomy in AIS patients. Three literature databases – PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were queried for original articles investigating both preclinical and clinical thrombectomy applications.
Comparative effect of neonatal and adult exposure to monosodium glutamate
Authors: Stephen Akataobi Uche , Ushie Awusha Moses , Wilson Obio Arong
Published: March 2021

Purpose:

Exposure to monosodium glutamate (MSG) is reported to have different effects on exposed rats depending on the age of exposure, believed to be as a result of its ability to pass the blood–brain barrier and affect the level and function of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system.

Aim:

The present study is aimed at understanding the differential effect of MSG in rats exposed either as neonate, neonate plus adult or adult only by measuring the metabolism of selected neurotransmitters in the brain.

Materials and Methods:

Neonates were grouped into 2 administered 4 mg/g body weight MSG and Saline (control) on postnatal days 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. The rats were allowed to mature for 30 weeks afterwards the MSG group were further divided into three groups (n = 6) and administered saline, 5 and 10 mg/g of MSG. Two other groups, not exposed to MSG at neonatal age, were similarly administered 5 and 10 mg/g of MSG, administration lasted for 6 weeks. Key enzymes of acetylcholine and tyrosine metabolisms as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured in whole brain homogenates.

Results:

Showed an increase in acetylcholinesterase and tyrosine hydroxylase activities which occurred similarly in both neonatal and adult administered groups. AST and ALT showed a similar activity significantly higher adult groups.

Conclusion:

MSG affected both neonate and adult administered groups similarly in a dose dependent manner.
Microbes
Authors: Jain Divyanu , Sood Abha , Takenaka Hiroyuki , Sano Mitsuaki , So Shuhei , Tomita Isao , Kanayama Naohiro , Jain Ajay K.
Published: March 2021

Microbes are an essential component of our ecosystem which have coexisted with humans and all other life forms for millions of years. These microbes have proven beneficial in our everyday life in many ways, but the recognized pathogenic forms have also proven to be dangerous to human life. The recent pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is evidence for the significant impact of negative human interference with the natural ecosystem which might include but is not limited to rapid urbanization, pollution, agricultural change, food consumption, and global warming. In this context, the principle of “eugenics” proposed by Sir Galton has been discussed in the current perspective. The aim of this review is to discuss the application of ethical scientific practices to promote healthy human evolution without disturbing the ecological balance. We reviewed literature relevant to the impact of microbial systems on public health including the recent COVID-19 pandemic. We suggest that the concept of “modern eugenics” should be reconsidered in ethical scientific terms by focusing on the beneficial gene(s) and eliminating harmful gene(s) of pathogenic organisms. This might contribute to the human genetic enhancement and facilitate a safe symbiotic ecosystem. In the past, scientists have successfully developed simple and safe bioassays for the identification of mutagens and carcinogens using pathogenic microorganisms. Similarly, recently developed gene therapies using viral vectors are excellent examples of the ethical and scientific application of modern eugenics for healthy human evolution. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an “International Society for Positive Science” comprising of individuals from all fields to critically analyze the positive and ethical use of science to promote and strengthen the cohabitation of all species and prevent the recurrence of future pandemics.
Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic arteriovenous malformation complicated with portal hypertension
Authors: Abiko Takehiro , Ebihara Yuma , Takeuchi Motoya , Sakamoto Hiroki , Takahashi Minoru , Homma Hisato , Hirano Satoshi
Published: March 2021

Pancreatic arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) is defined as a vascular anomaly with an abnormal anastomosis of the arterial and portal networks within the pancreas. Treatment modalities of PAVM include transarterial embolisation (TAE), irradiation and operation. Most patients treated with TAE alone will experience recurrence, so surgery is the best radical treatment. A female patient was admitted to our institution for the treatment of haematemesis. Examination revealed varices in the oesophagus and stomach, collateral circulation development caused by portal hypertension and PAVM of the pancreas. Surgical treatment was intended to reduce left portal hypertension. In this case, collateral circulation were considered dangerous points for unexpected bleeding. TAE was performed on the splenic artery before surgery to reduce blood flow in the areas with collateral circulation. En bloc resection of retroperitoneal tissue using the surgical procedure of radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy was effective to minimise blood loss.
Spectrum of Diabetic Lesions
Authors: Vartak Shailesh , Neelakantan Amrita , Chakravarty-Vartak Urmi , Mutha Khushboo
Published: March 2021

Background:

The aim of our study was to study the gross morphological changes, histopathology, prevalence, and characteristics of pathological lesions in various organs in patients of diabetes mellitus; to determine the contribution of diabetes to mortality; and to study complications of diabetes mellitus in the cases studied.

Materials and Methods:

Ours was a descriptive cross-sectional study of a five-year duration carried out at a tertiary care hospital. A complete medical autopsy was done of all the cases; all organs were examined grossly and microscopically, and their details were recorded.

Results:

A total of 137 patients with diabetes were studied at autopsy. Overall, 32.8% of the patients with diabetes were in the age group of 61–70 years, with a female:male ratio of 1.2:1. The highest frequency of deaths was due to diseases of the cardiovascular system (39%), whereas both septicemia and diseases of the respiratory system followed as a close second (37%). Overall, 10.94% patients died due to diseases of the central nervous system.

Conclusion:

The global burden of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide, and it is necessary to have an improved understanding of its etiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology to focus therapeutic and research efforts appropriately to reduce its effects on lives and economies.
Autoimmunity in South Indian Children with Recently Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Naaraayan Sridevi A. , Dhakshayani Raghavan V. , Chandramohan Rema
Published: March 2021

Background:

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is known to be associated with autoimmunity and hence autoantibodies. The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD) antibody in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was done in a government-run pediatric tertiary care center in South India from 2015 to 2017 and included 125 patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus. Demographic and clinical data were captured and GAD antibody was detected by the ELISA technique and a titer of above 1.0 IU/mL was considered positive.

Results:

The prevalence (95% confidence interval) of GAD 65 antibody was found to be 79.2% (71%–86%). Glycated hemoglobin level was significantly higher in GAD negative when compared to GAD positive patients (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with high prevalence of autoantibodies in the current era.
Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Teens Belonging to a Social Media Group
Authors: Geethika Sai K. , Jalaja Ramesh , Amutha Anandakumar , Venkatesan U. , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Unnikrishnan Ranjit
Published: March 2021

Aims:

To evaluate the psychological impact of COVID-19 on teens in a small WhatsApp group from Chennai.

Materials and Methods:

The study population comprised of teenagers, aged 12 to 20 years, who belong to a WhatsApp group. The questions were framed and developed based on the transitional impact scale which has high test–retest reliability. Through the WhatsAppgroup, the teens were informed about the survey. Those who were willing to participate were provided the website link to fill the questionnaire. Fisher's exact tests were used to assess differences in proportions wherever applicable.

Results:

Among the 320 participants, 16.7% of them were boys and 83.3% were girls, and the mean age of boys and girls was 16.2 ± 2.1years and 15.6 ± 1.8 years, respectively. More than 40% of teens expressed that they often felt stressed out. Teens of both the genders reported getting irritated by small normal things (34.1%), thought they were helpless (32.8%), sometimes they felt like a burden to people around them (27.8%), and 36.9% reported feeling lonely or left out often. Regarding usage of electronic devices, 47.7% of girls and 58.5% of boys were always on any one of the electronic devices like mobiles, tabs, laptops, television, etc. Similarly, more than 50% of the boys and 60% of the girls slept 6–8h during this pandemic situation.

Conclusion:

This study shows that this life-changing transitional event has made a massive impact on the daily routine of these teenagers. Parents, health care professionals, and educators have to make sure that the teens come to terms with the current realities of the situation and to make use of the government support programs.