bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psoriasis and Sexuality: Patients Express Their Feelings
Authors: Salle Romain , Halioua Bruno , Le Fur Gaëlle , Aubert Roberte , Shourick Jason , Taieb Charles
Published: December 2022

Background

In France, psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. For several years now, particular attention has been given to the quality of life (Qol) of psoriasis patients. Sexual dysfunction (SD) defined as not wanting or enjoying sexual experience is an important component of Qol. Psoriasis through its physical symptoms and psychological consequences can thus be responsible for SD.

Method

The survey participants were recruited through the national psoriasis dermatitis patient association.

Result

41% (577) patients reported having SD related to their psoriasis. Women reported significantly more SD than men (387 [44.7%] vs. 190 [35%], p < 0.001). For 396 (28.1%) patients SD due to their psoriasis manifested as a reduction in the frequency of sexual activity, for 207 (14.7%) as change in their sexual practice, and for 284 (27.4%) as an absence of sexual activity without significant difference between women and men. The main consequence of sexual difficulties for patients was loss of self-confidence in 627 (44.5%) cases, guilt in 209 (14.8%) cases, couple life impairment in 214 (15.2%) cases, isolation in 260 (18.5%) cases and frustration.

Discussion

In this study investigating SD related to psoriasis, we found that the disease impact sexual relations of 41% of patients of both gender. The main causes of SD were both physical alone and psychological alone, in the same proportions. The physical symptoms of psoriasis are therefore not the only ones responsible for the sexual discomfort reported from patients in their sexual relations. This may be due to a discomfort of the patient or the physician when talking about sexuality because they can't find the terms to talk about this subject often considered taboo and the age or gender difference. This aspect of the disease should be considered by physicians who care for patients with psoriasis, especially dermatologists. Finally, other strategies should be implemented, such as patient talk groups, referral guides or personalised therapeutic education.
Experimental evaluation of composite and non‐composite columns and braces in special concentrically braced frames
Authors: Ebrahimi Samira , Mirghaderi Seyed Rasoul , Zahrai Seyed Mehdi
Published: December 2022

Hollow structural section (HSS) and concrete‐filled tube (CFT) cross‐sections have been widely employed in the columns and braces of special concentrically braced frames (SCBFs). Square‐HSS cross‐section widely used in multistory frames is filled with concrete and converted to square‐CFT cross‐section to enhance the behavior of this cross‐section. However, some investigations indicated that circular‐HSS cross‐section filled with concrete (circular‐CFT) showed better behavior in comparison with square‐CFT cross‐section due to more uniform and larger concrete confinement in circular‐CFT cross‐section. The current study was experimentally undertaken to evaluate (1) the seismic performance and the global and local hysteresis responses of HSS and CFT members with various cross‐section shapes from initial elastic range to collapse in the system level of multistory SCBFs, (2) the behavioral differences between square cross‐section and circular cross‐section, and (3) the behavioral differences between HSS cross‐sections and CFT cross‐sections employed in the columns and braces of SCBFs. Four full‐scale one‐bay, two‐story SCBFs with four various cross‐sections, namely, square‐HSS, circular‐HSS, square‐CFT, and circular‐CFT, for columns and braces were subjected to cyclic lateral loading. Evaluating base shear–roof drift hysteretic loops of SCBF specimens demonstrated that SCBF specimens with CFT columns and braces (CFT‐SCBFs) experienced respectively around 107%, 58%, 28%, and 152% higher stiffness, post‐yielding and post‐buckling strengths, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity than SCBF specimens with HSS columns and braces (HSS‐SCBF). In addition, the experimental observations indicated that CFT braces experienced local buckling initiation, crack initiation, and fracture at respectively 2.22, 2.35, and 2.32 times of roof drifts of those exhibited by HSS braces. Moreover, assessing braces with various cross‐sections indicated that CFT braces showed an increase in compression strength, post‐buckling strength, compression axial deformation, and out‐of‐plane buckling approximately by 83%, 152%, 127%, and 100%, respectively, in comparison with HSS braces. Finally, square‐HSS/CFT braces sustained rupture propagation better than circular‐HSS/CFT braces.
Impact of deer management cooperative implementation on white‐tailed deer harvest behaviors
Authors: Pruitt Hunter P. , Boley B. Bynum , D'Angelo Gino J. , McConnell Mark D.
Published: December 2022

Since the early 1980s, Quality Deer Management (QDM) has been used widely to manage populations of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the United States. Since 2000, QDM has been a catalyst behind a suite of deer management cooperatives (DMCs) forming across the United States. Although QDM has grown in popularity among North American deer hunters, large‐scale implementation of multi‐landowner DMCs relies on voluntary changes to implement structured hunter harvest behavior to achieve management goals. Therefore, a national review of how DMCs influence harvest behavior of hunters and if the DMC model works to accomplish deer management goals is warranted. We assessed if DMCs change the harvest behavior of their members, and if factors such as state, motivations, and length of membership influence change in hunter behavior. Results from our survey of 459 DMC members across 5 U.S. states found that DMC members' harvest behavior changed after joining their DMC. Deer management cooperative members reported they were more likely to harvest does, less likely to harvest yearling males, and more likely to pass on the harvest of a 3.5 year old (or younger) males after joining the DMC. When analyzed at the state level, Texas and Georgia saw the largest gains in perceived hunt quality (2.5 point gain on 1–7 scale) and QDM implementation. Motivations for joining the DMC had little impact, but length of membership influenced hunt behavior with more tenured members (>5 years of membership) being more likely to follow QDM practices. Our results suggest that DMCs serve stakeholders by increasing perceived hunt quality, assisting agency personnel with non‐regulatory avenues to address management goals, and developing a community engaged with local wildlife management. Deer management cooperatives occupy the critical nexus of agency needs and private landowner deer management objectives, often at scales larger than a single private landowner, that are necessary for effectively managing wild deer populations. Although DMCs may not be widely implemented, they may address a myriad of management objectives that public and private stakeholders desire.
A behavioral economic assessment of the role of stakeholder preferences in managing an infectious wildlife disease
Authors: Ufer Danielle J. , Christensen Sonja A. , Pomeranz Emily , Ortega David L.
Published: December 2022

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervid populations poses substantial economic costs, and its management is resource intensive. Control of CWD is often subject to stakeholder‐dependent strategies that require active support and participation. The development of effective CWD management strategies and policies hinges on understanding stakeholder preferences, values and decision‐making behavior. Here we provide a basis for understanding the economic impacts of CWD, which are key to developing effective management strategies. We analyze stakeholder incentives from an economic perspective and discuss the effectiveness of prior management and eradication strategies. Our analysis discusses the integration of behavioral economics into evaluations of stakeholder preferences and its effect on decision‐making to produce optimal policy and management outcomes.
Assessment of screening mineral wool waste from market by using handheld X‐ray fluorescence
Authors: Wolfs Sandra , Dekkers Rob
Published: December 2022

Stone wool from construction, renovation, demolition and horticultural applications is reclaimed for reuse and recycling. Variation of chemical composition of reclaimed material creates a challenge, especially with increasing quantities from construction and demolition sectors. Therefore, an assessment of handheld/portable X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer was carried out with the objective to quickly discriminate various type of man‐made vitreous fibres (MMVF). The evaluation concerned mainly light element analysis. Therefore, the effect of disturbing factors, such as moisture, organic matter, surface roughness and sample density were evaluated. Direct measurement on mineral wool product or granulate gives a precision of ±1.5% for Al2O3 and ±2.1% for SiO2 after calibration. Precision is enhanced by preparing pressed pellets, resulting in precision down to ±0.9% for Al2O3 and ±1.5% for SiO2 after correction. Provided correctly calibrated, handheld XRF analysis gives a quick indication, though not necessarily conclusive, whether the reclaimed material applies to so called “old wool,” manufactured prior to the EU legislation requiring increased bio‐solubility. A quick indication is very relevant for the renovation and demolition sector and subsequent re‐use or recycling of mineral wool because it affects transport and handling requirements. In case the analysis is not obviously discriminative, desktop analysis is still required. Presence of moisture and organic matter influence the detection of lighter elements, which especially affects analysis of horticultural recycling substrate granulate.
B Lab and the Process of Certificating B Corps
Authors: Montiel Vargas Ana
Published: December 2022

The objective of this study is to analyze certain aspects of certified B Corporations (known as B Corps), a type of company that orients its activity toward the achievement of objectives that transcend economic ones. These companies are part of the “B movement,” promoted by B Lab, which is a non-profit organization that certifies the social and environmental impact of these entities with its own measurement system. This study introduces this business phenomenon and explores the origin, evolution, and expansion of B Corps in different countries worldwide. Additionally, it examines the process of obtaining certification as a B Corp by measuring the impact on different stakeholders: the government, workers, community, environment, and clients. Finally, different aspects of notable interest in the legal terms of this private certification are highlighted.
Social Enterprises and Tax: Living Apart Together?
Authors: Hemels Sigrid
Published: December 2022

This chapter examines the complex relationship between social enterprises and taxation. The focus is not on a specific country, although various examples are mentioned. As specific tax measures for social enterprises are a form of tax incentives, the chapter discusses this public finance concept. In addition, an important legal constraint on introducing such incentives for social enterprises in the European Union (EU) is discussed: the prohibition of state aid. From an analysis of the taxation of profits of social enterprises, it turns out that only a few countries have implemented tax incentives to further social enterprise models. Some social enterprises may meet the charity definition and thus benefit from tax incentives for charities. The drawback might be that it may require social enterprises to use next best legal forms. The chapter also discusses the relevant tax aspects for funders of social enterprises. Tax rules can especially be detrimental to the funding of high-risk social enterprises. Social enterprises also encounter value-added tax (VAT) issues. The VAT that applies in the EU has been copied (with variations) by many non-EU Member States. For that reason, this chapter focusses on the EU VAT legislation as included in the VAT. Problems emerging from the impossibility to deduct input VAT can best be solved outside the VAT framework.
Manifestly SL(2, R) Duality-Symmetric Forms in ModMax Theory
Authors: Babaei-Aghbolagh H. , Velni Komeil Babaei , Yekta Davood Mahdavian , Mohammadzadeh H.
Published: December 2022

Abstract

In this paper, we will investigate a manifestly SL(2, R)-invariant structure for the energy-momentum tensor of ModMax theory as a nonlinear modification of Maxwell electrodynamics which includes conformal invariance as well. In the context of this theory, we show that the energy-momentum tensor of the generalized Born-Infeld theory can also be written in the same invariant form. We will find manifestly duality-invariant parts of the actions corresponding to the invariant couplings λ and γ in these theories. It can be shown that the resultant actions correspond to the irrelevant and marginal $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-like deformations, respectively.
Non-extremal, α′-corrected black holes in 5-dimensional heterotic superstring theory
Authors: Cano Pablo A. , Ortín Tomás , Ruipérez Alejandro , Zatti Matteo
Published: December 2022

Abstract

We compute the first-order α′ corrections of the non-extremal Strominger-Vafa black hole and its non-supersymmetric counterparts in the framework of the Bergshoeff-de Roo formulation of the heterotic superstring effective action. The solution passes several tests: its extremal limit is the one found in an earlier publication and the effect of a T duality transformation on it is another solution of the same form with T dual charges. We compute the Hawking temperature and Wald entropy showing that they are related by the first law and Smarr formula. On the other hand, these two contain additional terms in which the dimensionful parameter α′ plays the role of thermodynamical variable.
Modular graph forms from equivariant iterated Eisenstein integrals
Authors: Dorigoni Daniele , Doroudiani Mehregan , Drewitt Joshua , Hidding Martijn , Kleinschmidt Axel , Matthes Nils , Schlotterer Oliver , Verbeek Bram
Published: December 2022

Abstract

The low-energy expansion of closed-string scattering amplitudes at genus one introduces infinite families of non-holomorphic modular forms called modular graph forms. Their differential and number-theoretic properties motivated Brown’s alternative construction of non-holomorphic modular forms in the recent mathematics literature from so-called equivariant iterated Eisenstein integrals. In this work, we provide the first validations beyond depth one of Brown’s conjecture that equivariant iterated Eisenstein integrals contain modular graph forms. Apart from a variety of examples at depth two and three, we spell out the systematics of the dictionary and make certain elements of Brown’s construction fully explicit to all orders.
Gravitational orbits, double-twist mirage, and many-body scars
Authors: Dodelson Matthew , Zhiboedov Alexander
Published: December 2022

Abstract

We explore the implications of stable gravitational orbits around an AdS black hole for the boundary conformal field theory. The orbits are long-lived states that eventually decay due to gravitational radiation and tunneling. They appear as narrow resonances in the heavy-light OPE when the spectrum becomes effectively continuous due to the presence of the black hole horizon. Alternatively, they can be identified with quasi-normal modes with small imaginary part in the thermal two-point function. The two pictures are related via the eigenstate thermalisation hypothesis. When the decay effects can be neglected the orbits appear as a discrete family of double-twist operators. We investigate the connection between orbits, quasi-normal modes, and double-twist operators in detail. Using the corrected Bohr-Sommerfeld formula for quasi-normal modes, we compute the anomalous dimension of double-twist operators. We compare our results to the prediction of the light-cone bootstrap, finding perfect agreement where the results overlap. We also compute the orbit decay time due to scalar radiation and compare it to the tunneling rate. Perturbatively in spin, in the light-cone bootstrap framework double-twist operators appear as a small fraction of the Hilbert space which violate the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, a phenomenon known as many-body scars. Nonperturbatively in spin, the double-twist operators become long-lived states that eventually thermalize. We briefly discuss the connection between perturbative scars in holographic theories and known examples of scars in the condensed matter literature.
In silico analysis decodes transthyretin (TTR) binding and thyroid disrupting effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
Authors: Dharpure Rupal , Pramanik Subrata , Pradhan Ajay
Published: December 2022

Transthyretin (TTR) is a homo-tetramer protein involved in the transport of thyroid hormone (thyroxine; T4) in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Many pollutants have been shown to bind to TTR, which could be alarming as disruption in the thyroid hormone system can lead to several physiological problems. It is also indicated that the monomerization of tetramer and destabilization of monomer can lead to amyloidogenesis. Many compounds are identified that can bind to tetramer and stabilize the tetramer leading to the inhibition of amyloid fibril formation. Other compounds are known to bind tetramer and induce amyloid fibril formation. Among the pollutants, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are known to disrupt the thyroid hormone system. The molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormone disruption could be diverse, as some are known to bind with thyroid hormone receptors, and others can bind to membrane transporters. Binding to TTR could also be one of the important pathways to alter thyroid signaling. However, the molecular interactions that drive thyroid-disrupting effects of long-chain and short-chain PFASs are not comprehensively understood at the molecular level. In this study, using a computational approach, we show that carbon chain length and functional group in PFASs are structural determinants, in which longer carbon chains of PFASs and sulfur-containing PFASs favor stronger interactions with TTR than their shorter-chained counterparts. Interestingly, short-chain PFAS also showed strong binding capacity, and the interaction energy for some was as close to the longer-chain PFAS. This suggests that short-chain PFASs are not completely safe, and their use and build-up in the environment should be carefully regulated. Of note, TTR homologs analysis suggests that thyroid-disrupting effects of PFASs could be most likely translated to TTR-like proteins and other species.
Outcomes of Cardiac Gunshot Injuries Presenting at an Urban Trauma Facility in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Moeng Maeyane S. , Makhadi Shumani , Molewa Mbavhalelo C.
Published: December 2022

Background

Gunshot wounds to the heart are regarded as one of the most lethal penetrating injuries. There has been an increase in gunshot wounds to the chest in our institution in recent years. Injuries to the heart caused by gunshot wounds can be challenging, with patients arriving in hospital in different physiological states. We report our trauma unit's experience with civilian gunshot wounds to the heart.

Methods

A retrospective review from January 2005 till December 2018 of those 18 years of age and above who presented to our hospital with penetrating cardiac injuries over eight years was done. Those who presented with a carotid pulse and a cardiac rhythm were included in the study. Blood pressure of less than 90 mmHg was considered as haemodynamic instability. Demographics, physiological parameters, injuries sustained, preferred surgical access to the chest, and type of surgery were analysed. The complications during their hospital stay and outpatient clinic were documented. The incidences of in‐hospital mortality were also noted. Descriptive statistics with STATA version 15 were conducted. A p‐value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 37 patients were enroled in the study; four were excluded for incomplete data. All presented directly from the scene, with a median age of 30 (IQR 24–36). Haemodynamic instability was in 64% of the cases. The most common injured chamber was the right ventricle (75.7%). There were only two complications recorded; local wound sepsis and empyema. All survivors received a post‐surgical echocardiogram. The overall survival rate was 18.9% (n = 7). Of the ten that required emergency room thoracotomy, only one survived to discharge.

Conclusion

Gunshot wounds to the heart have a mortality rate greater than 80% in those arriving alive. Only one in ten of those who meet the strict criteria for emergency room thoracotomy survive hospitalisation. The local complication rate was low.
Pandemieassoziierte Konsequenzen und Unterstützungsbedarf
Authors: Bendau Antonia , Plag Jens , Schulz Luise , Petzold Moritz Bruno , Ströhle Andreas
Published: December 2022

Hintergrund

Die COVID-19-Pandemie geht potenziell mit zahlreichen Veränderungen im Leben der Allgemeinbevölkerung einher. Dennoch gibt es bisher kaum Befunde dazu, welche Auswirkungen als besonders gravierend und negativ erlebt wurden, wie sich diese Auswirkungen und ihre Bewertungen im Verlauf der Pandemie änderten, und welche Unterstützungswünsche in diesem Kontext entstanden.

Methode

Längsschnittliche Daten einer Onlinestudie mit 10 Messzeitpunkten über die ersten 2 Jahre der Pandemie (März 2020 bis April 2022) wurden in einer Mixed-methods-Analyse betrachtet. Die Stichprobe aus 8337 Erwachsenen der Allgemeinbevölkerung in Deutschland beantwortete qualitative Freitextfragen zu den gravierendsten Konsequenzen der Pandemie auf ihr Leben sowie Unterstützungswünschen. Quantitativ wurden zudem die Bewertung der Konsequenzen im Pandemieverlauf und ihre Assoziationen mit psychischer Belastung betrachtet.

Ergebnisse

Die erlebten Konsequenzen und insbesondere ihre Bewertung veränderten sich im Pandemieverlauf. Sozial-gesellschaftliche und das allgemeine Leben betreffende Konsequenzen wurden im Schnitt besonders gravierend und negativ erlebt. Negativer erlebte Konsequenzen waren quer- und teilweise auch längsschnittlich mit stärkeren Angst- und depressiven Symptomen assoziiert. Psychotherapeutische sowie evaluativ-kommunikative Unterstützung wurde im Pandemiekontext besonders häufig erbeten.

Schlussfolgerungen

Subjektiv negativ erlebte Konsequenzen sollten möglichst durch adäquate Maßnahmen abgemildert werden. Die dynamischen Veränderungen der Konsequenzen und damit auch des Unterstützungsbedarfs im Pandemieverlauf sollten berücksichtigt werden. Die Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten reichen von sehr niedrigschwelligen Angeboten (z. B. Tipps online) bis hin zu einer Psychotherapie.
Vorhofflimmern beim Sportler
Authors: Adukauskaite Agne , Stühlinger Markus
Published: December 2022

Hintergrund

Bei Freizeit- und Spitzensportlern nimmt die Inzidenz von Vorhofflimmern (VHF) abhängig von der Intensität der sportlichen Belastung im Mittel um das 2,5-Fache zu. Die Festlegung einer genauen Dauer bzw. der Belastungsintensität, ab welcher das VHF-Risiko erhöht wird, ist allerdings schwierig. Die pathophysiologischen Mechanismen der Flimmerarrhythmie bei Athlet:innen setzen sich aus Pulmonalvenen-Ektopien als Trigger, myokardialen Veränderungen wie Fibrose und Remodeling-Prozessen und Modulatoren wie die Veränderungen des autonomen Nervensystems zusammen. Aber auch der gastroösophageale Reflux scheint eine wichtige Rolle zu spielen.

Material und Methoden

Die Diagnose eines Vorhofflimmerns erfolgt klassischerweise mittels 12-Kanal- oder Holter-EKG, Arrhythmie-Aufzeichnungen auf Brustgurten und Pulsuhren sind für die Differenzierung der Arrhythmie nicht ausreichend. Wearables mit der Möglichkeit einer EKG-Aufzeichnung können aber ebenfalls zum Screening eingesetzt werden. Auf eine VHF-Dokumentation bei Sportler:innen sollte zunächst eine Trainingspause und eine genaue kardiologische auch mögliche nichtkardiale Diagnostik erfolgen. Danach ist die Evaluierung einer oralen Antikoagulation von Bedeutung. Antiarrhythmische Dauertherapien werden von Sportler:innen meist nicht toleriert oder gewünscht. Daher kommt als therapeutische Möglichkeiten meist nur einePill-in-the-pocket-Therapie mit einem Antiarrhythmikum oder aber eine Katheterablation in Frage.
Hepeliviruses in two waterbodies in Berlin, Germany
Authors: Zell Roland , Groth Marco , Selinka Lukas , Selinka Hans-Christoph
Published: December 2022

The order Hepelivirales comprises RNA viruses of four families (Alphatetraviridae, Benyviridae, Hepeviridae, and Matonaviridae). Sequencing of virus genomes from water samples from the Havel River and the Teltow Canal (Teltowkanal) in Berlin, Germany, revealed 25 almost complete and 68 partial genomes of viruses presumably belonging to the order Hepelivirales. Only one of these viruses exhibited a relationship to a known member of this order. The members of one virus clade have a polymerase with a permuted order of the conserved palm subdomain motifs resembling the polymerases of permutotetraviruses and birnaviruses. Overall, our study further demonstrates the diversity of hepeliviruses and indicates the enzootic prevalence of hepeliviruses in unknown hosts.
Landwirtschaftlicher Wasserhaushalt im Polder Scheidgraben (Brandenburg)
Authors: Drastig Katrin , Schmidtke Lea , Jacobs Helen , Recker Martin
Published: December 2022

Ein prognostizierter erhöhter Wasserbedarf für die Bewässerungslandwirtschaft im Zuge des Klimawandels und drohenden längeren Trockenperioden stellt für die Verfügbarkeit der Grundwasserressourcen in Deutschland eine Herausforderung dar. Es ist abzusehen, dass die Landwirtschaft zukünftig noch stärker Grundwasserressourcen für die Bewässerung von Agrarflächen nutzen wird. In der vorliegenden Studie wird das nutzbare Grundwasserdargebot den Wassermengen für landwirtschaftliche Bewässerung im Polder Scheidgraben (Brandenburg) gegenübergestellt. Der landwirtschaftliche Wasserbedarf wird mithilfe des AgroHyd-Farmmodels für vier Jahre (2017–2020) schlagweise modelliert. Als Datengrundlage werden Klima, Boden- und pflanzenspezifische Daten verwendet und Betriebsdaten von vier Betrieben einbezogen. In den betrachteten trockenen Jahren 2018 und 2019 werden mehr als 20 % des potenziellen nutzbaren Wasserdargebots für die Bewässerung genutzt. Die Nutzung der Wasserressourcen durch die landwirtschaftliche Wasserentnahme in dem Gebiet kann zukünftig zunehmend ein Problem darstellen. In einigen Regionen Brandenburgs sind regionalspezifische Berechnungen für das Wassermanagement nötig, da es zu vielfältigen Konflikten und damit zu stetig wachsenden Herausforderungen für die Wasserbehörden kommt.
The art of Buddhist connectivity: Organic rice farming in Thailand
Authors: Limprapoowiwattana Chanatporn
Published: December 2022

This article analyses the interplay between the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) standard, Buddhist socio-economic imaginaries, and values within the global production network (GPN) of organic rice. It asks, “How do transnational standardisation and local values interact in the global production network of organic rice?” Little research has been conducted on the imaginaries and values embedded in the GPNs of organic food. This research aims to fill this gap by examining the transition to organic agriculture among two prominent organic rice farming communities in Thailand, namely the Naso Producer Group and the Ban Thap Thai Organic Agricultural Cooperative. The article draws on a combination of desk research; interviews with governmental and non-governmental officials, standard experts/certifiers, and representatives of the IFOAM; focus group discussions and photo-elicitation sessions with organic rice farmers; on-site observations; and participant observations of mindfulness meditation courses and interviews with Buddhist monks. The results show that Buddhist socio-economic imaginaries have informed the way in which Thai organic rice farmers reconnect to their arable land through an organic farming method, enabling them to live meaningfully and mindfully. This implies that the connectivity of the GPNs of organic rice is not created purely by standards and certifications formulated by transnational private actors; rather, it is also shaped to a large extent by community values and shifts in local mindsets. This article contributes to the literature on food philosophy in the developing world and the governance of the GPNs of organic rice.
Size effects on the mixed modes and defect modes for a nano-scale phononic crystal slab
Authors: Jin Jun , Hu Ningdong , Hu Hongping
Published: December 2022

The size-dependent band structure of an Si phononic crystal (PnC) slab with an air hole is studied by utilizing the non-classic wave equations of the nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT). The three-dimensional (3D) non-classic wave equations for the anisotropic material are derived according to the differential form of the NSGT. Based on the the general form of partial differential equation modules in COMSOL, a method is proposed to solve the non-classic wave equations. The bands of the in-plane modes and mixed modes are identified. The in-plane size effect and thickness effect on the band structure of the PnC slab are compared. It is found that the thickness effect only acts on the mixed modes. The relative width of the band gap is widened by the thickness effect. The effects of the geometric parameters on the thickness effect of the mixed modes are further studied, and a defect is introduced to the PnC supercell to reveal the influence of the size effects with stiffness-softening and stiffness-hardening on the defect modes. This study paves the way for studying and designing PnC slabs at nano-scale.
Monogenic Causes in Familial Stroke Across Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Ischemic Stroke Subtypes Identified by Whole-Exome Sequencing
Authors: Chang Li-Hsin , Chi Nai-Fang , Chen Chun-Yu , Lin Yung-Shuan , Hsu Shao-Lun , Tsai Jui-Yao , Huang Hui-Chi , Lin Chun-Jen , Chung Chih-Ping , Tung Chien-Yi , Jeng Chung-Jiuan , Lee Yi-Chung , Liu Yo-Tsen , Lee I-Hui
Published: December 2022

Whole exome sequencing (WES) has been used to detect rare causative variants in neurological diseases. However, the efficacy of WES in genetic diagnosis of clinically heterogeneous familial stroke remains inconclusive. We prospectively searched for disease-causing variants in unrelated probands with defined familial stroke by candidate gene/hotspot screening and/or WES, depending on stroke subtypes and neuroimaging features at a referral center. The clinical significance of each variant was determined according to the American College of Medical Genetics guidelines. Among 161 probands (mean age at onset 53.2 ± 13.7 years; male 63.4%), 33 participants (20.5%) had been identified with 19 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (PVs; WES applied 152/161 = 94.4%). Across subtypes, the highest hit rate (HR) was intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH, 7/18 = 38.9%), particularly with the etiological subtype of structural vasculopathy (4/4 = 100%, PVs in ENG, KRIT1, PKD1, RNF213); followed by ischemic small vessel disease (SVD, 15/48 = 31.3%; PVs in NOTCH3, HTRA1, HBB). In contrast, large artery atherosclerosis (LAA, 4/44 = 9.1%) and cardioembolism (0/11 = 0%) had the lowest HR. NOTCH3 was the most common causative gene (16/161 = 9.9%), presenting with multiple subtypes of SVD (n = 13), ICH (n = 2), or LAA (n = 1). Importantly, we disclosed two previously unreported PVs, KRIT1 p.E379* in a familial cerebral cavernous malformation, and F2 p.F382L in a familial cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. The contribution of monogenic etiologies was particularly high in familial ICH and SVD subtypes in our Taiwanese cohort. Utilizing subtype-guided hotspot screening and/or subsequent WES, we unraveled monogenic causes in 20.5% familial stroke probands, including 1.2% novel PVs. Genetic diagnosis may enable early diagnosis, management and lifestyle modification.

Graphical Abstract

Among 161 familial stroke probands, 33 (20.5%) had been identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic monogenic variants related to stroke. The positive hit rate among all subtypes was high in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and ischemic small vessel disease (SVD). Notably, two previously unreported variants, KRIT1 p.E379* in a familial cerebral cavernous malformation and F2 p.F382L in familial cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, were disclosed. CVT cerebral venous thrombosis; HTN Hypertensive subtype; LAA large artery atherosclerosis; SV structural vasculopathy; U Undetermined.
The Right to Water and Sustainable Consumption in EU Law
Authors: Benöhr I.
Published: December 2022

The right to water has gathered momentum in recent years in Europe, having become the subject of the first European citizens’ initiative and emerging as a human right. The right to water, however, is in constant, and not always linear, evolution as it faces fundamental trade-offs; on the one hand, access to clean and affordable water is essential to ensure a basic standard of living. On the other, water is an increasingly limited resource, so unfettered access to it increases the threat of scarcity and pollution. This article examines the interplay between the right to water and sustainable consumption objectives, exploring how innovation in regulation and best practice could reduce the risks to health and water scarcity. As water regulation affects multiple areas of law, the article will examine the right to water and sustainable consumption from a human rights’ angle and taking a consumer law and environmental protection perspective. A particular focus will be on the Water Framework Directive and the recently revised Drinking Water Directive, examining incentives that promote water rights and sustainable water use. Key regulatory instruments will be evaluated, ranging from information and education tools to economic and social incentives. Finally, the article will propose new measures to align the right to water with the objective of sustainable consumption.
Tournaments and even graphs are equinumerous
Authors: Royle Gordon F. , Praeger Cheryl E. , Glasby S. P. , Freedman Saul D. , Devillers Alice
Published: December 2022

A graph is called odd if there is an orientation of its edges and an automorphism that reverses the sense of an odd number of its edges and even otherwise. Pontus von Brömssen (né Andersson) showed that the existence of such an automorphism is independent of the orientation and considered the question of counting pairwise non-isomorphic even graphs. Based on computational evidence, he made the rather surprising conjecture that the number of pairwise non-isomorphic even graphs on n vertices is equal to the number of pairwise non-isomorphic tournaments on n vertices. We prove this conjecture using a counting argument with several applications of the Cauchy–Frobenius theorem.
Does Poverty Affect Early Language in 2-year-old Children in Germany?
Authors: Karwath Claudia , Attig Manja , von Maurice Jutta , Weinert Sabine
Published: December 2022

Previous studies reported negative effects of financial deprivation on child development during early childhood. As already shown, child development, in particular language development, is associated with family background, e.g., educational level. However, less is known about the impact of (restricted) financial resources on early language skills. Therefore, the present study investigates whether family income, measured as a metric variable by net equivalence income, and poverty, operationalized as income groups based on official income thresholds, impact vocabulary and grammar skills of 2-year-old children even when taking the educational level of the mother as well as aspects of the home-learning environment (joint picture book reading) and other relevant variables into account. Drawing on a German sample ofN = 1782, we found that especially poverty is significantly associated with early language skills over and above maternal education and joint picture book reading. Hence, our results indicate the relevance to consider the effect of (restricted) financial resources and especially poverty on child development during early childhood additionally to other indicators of social background.
Culturally Responsive, Targeted Social Media Marketing to Facilitate Engagement with a Digital Parenting Program
Authors: Simenec Tori S. , Banegas Jasmine , Parra‐Cardona José Rubén , Gewirtz Abigail H.
Published: December 2022

Latinx families who have experienced immigration are often exposed to traumatic experiences before, during, and after migration. Exposure to trauma is associated with health challenges, however responsive and supportive parenting can strengthen adjustment of children who have experienced adversity. Systemic barriers in the U.S. make accessing parenting interventions difficult for immigrant Latinx families. This study investigated the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of a culturally tailored, direct-to-consumer (DTC) social media marketing campaign to engage Latinx parents who have resettled in the U.S with a digital parenting program, Parenting in the Moment. Video and graphic advertisements were delivered on a prominent social media platform in English and Spanish, with each advertisement employing varying messaging tactics. The campaign reached a total of 2,902,440 viewers and engaged 41,835 people who clicked on the link to the parenting program’s webpage. Each link click cost an average of $0.71. Advertisement type and language was associated with advertisement link click, with videos and advertisements in Spanish receiving more engagement compared with English and graphic advertisements. When analyzed separately, the engagement with each video theme differed within English and Spanish advertisements. The current study serves as the first step to understanding the use of digital DTC marketing to engage parents who have experienced immigration with parenting services. Findings support culturally tailored, social media marketing as a cost-effective strategy for increasing access to and engagement with parenting programs for immigrant families.
Space-Time Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for Weak Solutions of Hyperbolic Linear Symmetric Friedrichs Systems
Authors: Corallo Daniele , Dörfler Willy , Wieners Christian
Published: December 2022

We study weak solutions and its approximation of hyperbolic linear symmetric Friedrichs systems describing acoustic, elastic, or electro-magnetic waves. For the corresponding first-order systems we construct discontinuous Galerkin discretizations in space and time with full upwind, and we show primal and dual consistency. Stability and convergence estimates are provided with respect to a mesh-dependent DG norm which includes the $${\textrm{L}}_2$$

L
2

norm at final time. Numerical experiments confirm that the a priori results are of optimal order also for solutions with low regularity, and we show that the error in the DG norm can be closely approximated with a residual-type error indicator.
Placing Perceptions of Unsafety: Examining Spatial Concentrations and Temporal Patterns of Unsafe Locations at Micro-Places
Authors: Kronkvist Karl
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To explore the extent to which unsafe locations are concentrated to micro-places within the city of Malmö, Sweden, and whether there is a temporal stability in these micro-places over time.

Methods

Information on unsafe locations is obtained from an open-ended item across three waves of a random sample community survey. Reported unsafe locations are geocoded as polygon, polyline, and point features and merged with a 200 by 200-m grid-cell network using both unadjusted and weighted counts.

Results

The results suggest that unsafe locations are concentrated to a small share of grid-cells using different metrics. There are also signs of spatial clustering and a temporal stability of unsafe locations over time.

Conclusions

As unsafe locations are concentrated to a small share of micro-places the results have important implications for both theory and practice. However, further research exploring unsafety and fear of crime at micro-places is highly warranted.
On two tensors associated to the structure Jacobi operator of a real hypersurface in complex projective space
Authors: Pérez Juande Dios , Pérez-López David
Published: December 2022

A real hypersurface M in a complex projective space inherits an almost contact metric structure from the Kählerian structure of the ambient space. This almost contact metric structure allows us to define, for any nonzero real number k, the so-called k-th generalized Tanaka–Webster connection. With this connection and the Levi-Civita one we can associate two tensors of type (1,2) to the structure Jacobi operator $$R_{\xi }$$

R
ξ

of M. We classify real hypersurfaces in complex projective space for which such tensors satisfy a cyclic property.
How a Minimal Learning Agent can Infer the Existence of Unobserved Variables in a Complex Environment
Authors: Eva Benjamin , Ried Katja , Müller Thomas , Briegel Hans J.
Published: December 2022

According to a mainstream position in contemporary cognitive science and philosophy, the use of abstract compositional concepts is amongst the most characteristic indicators of meaningful deliberative thought in an organism or agent. In this article, we show how the ability to develop and utilise abstract conceptual structures can be achieved by a particular kind of learning agent. More specifically, we provide and motivate a concrete operational definition of what it means for these agents to be in possession of abstract concepts, before presenting an explicit example of a minimal architecture that supports this capability. We then proceed to demonstrate how the existence of abstract conceptual structures can be operationally useful in the process of employing previously acquired knowledge in the face of new experiences, thereby vindicating the natural conjecture that the cognitive functions of abstraction and generalisation are closely related.
Shrinkage priors for high-dimensional demand estimation
Authors: Smith Adam N. , Griffin Jim E.
Published: December 2022

Estimating demand for large assortments of differentiated goods requires the specification of a demand system that is sufficiently flexible. However, flexible models are highly parameterized so estimation requires appropriate forms of regularization to avoid overfitting. In this paper, we study the specification of Bayesian shrinkage priors for pairwise product substitution parameters. We use a log-linear demand system as a leading example. Log-linear models are parameterized by own and cross-price elasticities, and the total number of elasticities grows quadratically in the number of goods. Traditional regularized estimators shrink regression coefficients towards zero which can be at odds with many economic properties of price effects. We propose a hierarchical extension of the class of global-local priors commonly used in regression modeling to allow the direction and rate of shrinkage to depend on a product classification tree. We use both simulated data and retail scanner data to show that, in the absence of a strong signal in the data, estimates of price elasticities and demand predictions can be improved by imposing shrinkage to higher-level group elasticities rather than zero.
Win–win Strategies for Transboundary Water Management During the GERD Operating Stage
Authors: El-Nashar Walaa , Elyamany Ahmed
Published: December 2022

The list of challenges associated with the operation of the Grand Ethiopian Resistance Dam (GERD) now includes global concern over climate change. Due to their inability to reach a legally enforceable agreement on how to address watershed degradation and water quality, riparian nations are already experiencing peace and security issues. A win–win strategy seeks to develop collaborative solutions to transboundary water management problems while maximizing the benefits for both parties. This paper aims to develop, evaluate, and analyze win–win transboundary water management strategies during the operating stage of GERD. Using value engineering (VE), functional analysis system technique (FAST), and life cycle cost (LCC), the optimal win–win strategy is determined. The study uncovered four distinct value options for various win–win strategies. According to the study results, the third win–win strategy is the most effective way to help both upstream and downstream nations retain peace, as it seeks to encourage riparian countries to collaborate by: i) developing cooperative regulatory policy; ii) switching to renewable energy supported by GERD; and iii) reducing water loss. This study advances our understanding of the topic by providing policymakers with a tool to: i) evaluate win–win strategies for managing transboundary water; and ii) incorporate the added value and functionality into policies regarding transboundary water management.
Histamine and Serotonin Levels in Bone Marrow Stem Cells Niche as Potential Biomarkers of Systemic Mastocytosis and Myeloproliferative Disorders
Authors: Janus Tomasz , Korbal Urszula , Żukowski Maciej , Lewosiuk Agnieszka , Koper Katarzyna , Żukowska Agnieszka , Brzeźniakiewicz-Janus Katarzyna
Published: December 2022

Bone marrow studies currently provide a lot of valuable information in the diagnostics of hematological diseases including hematopoietic stem cells disorders. Our studies on low-molecular weight organic compounds in bone marrow stem cell niche in various pathogenic conditions, revealed relatively high variability of histamine levels in different groups of hematological diseases. It was also found that serotonin levels were significantly lower than those typically measured in peripheral blood as well as many have the influence on stem cells proliferative potential. This paper presents findings from quantitative and statistical analyses of histamine and serotonin levels. Bone marrow collected from patients undergoing routine diagnostic procedures for hematological diseases and receiving inpatient treatment were analyzed. Histamine and serotonin levels were measured using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Obtained data were analyzed statistically and correlated with the diagnosed groups of hematological diseases and the parameters of complete blood counts. Histamine was found in all tested samples, including those from patients without malignancy, and the reported levels were comparable to the reference values in blood. This observation allows us to assume that bone marrow cells can produce and accumulate histamine. Moreover, the statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between histamine levels and diagnosed mastocytosis, and between histamine levels and myeloproliferative neoplasms. Different results were obtained for serotonin, and its concentrations in most cases were below the limit of quantification of the method used (< 0.2 ng/mL), which can only be compared to peripheral blood plasma. In a few cases, significantly higher serotonin levels were observed and it concerned diseases associated with an increased number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow.