bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERBANDINGAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SOMATIS AUDITORI VISUAL INTELEKTUAL (SAVI) BERBANTUAN BAHAN AJAR BERBASIS ANDROID DENGAN PRAKTIKUM
Authors: Kartika Wahyuni  , Amir Hermansyah , Sura Menda Ginting
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan aktivitas dan hasil belajar peserta didik yang menerapkan model pembelajaran somatis, auditori, visual, intelektual (SAVI) berbantuan bahan ajar berbasis android dan dengan praktikum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuasi dengan sampel penelitian kelas eksperimen I yang menggunakan bahan ajar berbasis android dan kelas eksperimen II yang menerapkan praktikum. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara melakukan tes dalam mengukur hasil belajar sedangkan lembar observasi kegiatan peserta didik dalam mengukur aktivitas belajar. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji normalitas, homogenitas, dan hipotesis. Hasil observasi aktivitas belajar peserta didik kelas eksperimen 1 dan 2 berturut-turut yaitu 69% dan 74% sama-sama dalam kriteria aktif. Nilai hasil belajar kognitif peserta didik kelas eksperimen 1 dan 2 berturut-turut adalah 75,76 dan 79,61 sama-sama dalam kriteria baik. Dari serangkaian uji statistik hipotesis yang dilakukan pada aktivitas belajar dan hasil belajar menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara aktivitas belajar dan hasil belajar peserta didik yang dibelajarkan dengan penerapan model pembelajaran SAVI berbantuan bahan ajar berbasis android dan praktikum. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara umum aktivitas dan hasil belajar peserta didik dengan penerapan model pembelajaran SAVI dengan praktikum lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bantuan bahan ajar berbasis android.
Permainan Tradisional Kelereng dan Perannya dalam Mengembangkan Keterampilan Sosial Anak
Authors: Ngaisah Nur Cahyati , Al Ayyubi Muhammad , Fajzrina Lati Nurliana Wati , Aulia Reza , Munawarah Munawarah , Fadillah Chairun Nisa , Zohro Nailul Padhil
Published: June 2024

Kebebasan anak dalam bermain gadget berdampak buruk dalam kamampuan anak bersosial. Permaian di dalam gadget dianggap sangat canggih dan menarik untuk dimainkan. Hal ini menjadi pengaruh punahnya permainan tradisional yang ada di Indonesia salah satunya permaian kelereng tradisional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menjaga eksistensi permainan tradisional kelereng dari masa ke masa dan membantu anak mengembangkan kemampuan sosial dalam lingkungan keluarga ataupun masyarakat sekitar secara optimal. Penelitian menggunakan jenis kualitatif dengan metode etnografi. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui dokumentasi, wawancara dan studi literatur terkait permainan kelereng dalam mengembangkan kemampuan sosial anak.Hasil analisis penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) permainan kelereng tradisional mengalami kelangkaan di daerah Ngawi Jawa Timur anak usia dini tidak banyak yang mengetahui cara memainkan permainan kelereng tradisional; 2) Peran permainan kelereng tradisional dapat mengembangkan kemampuan sosial anak yang awalnya bergantung dengan gadget dan mengabaikan lingkungan sekitarnya. Temuan penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa anak memiliki ketertarikan memainkan permainan kelereng tradisional namun tidak mengetahui cara permainannya sehingga perlu adanya pengenalan permainan kelereng tradisional pada anak yang berpengaruh besar dalam kemampuan sosial anak terhadap kerjasama, menyesuaikan diri, berinteraksi, mengontrol diri, empati, memaafkan aturan dan menghargai orang lain.2) Peran permainan kelereng tradisional dapat mengembangkan kemampuan sosial anak yang awalnya bergantung dengan gadget dan mengabaikan lingkungan sekitarnya. Temuan penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa anak memiliki ketertarikan memainkan permainan kelereng tradisional namun tidak mengetahui cara permainannya sehingga perlu adanya pengenalan permainan kelereng tradisional pada anak yang berpengaruh besar dalam kemampuan sosial anak terhadap kerjasama, menyesuaikan diri, berinteraksi, mengontrol diri, empati, memaafkan aturan dan menghargai orang lain. 2) Peran permainan kelereng tradisional dapat mengembangkan kemampuan sosial anak yang awalnya bergantung dengan gadget dan mengabaikan lingkungan sekitarnya.Temuan penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa anak memiliki ketertarikan memainkan permainan kelereng tradisional namun tidak mengetahui cara permainannya sehingga perlu adanya pengenalan permainan kelereng tradisional pada anak yang berpengaruh besar dalam kemampuan sosial anak terhadap kerjasama, menyesuaikan diri, berinteraksi, mengontrol diri, empati, memaafkan aturan dan menghargai orang lain.
Pengembangan Kemampuan Kerjasama Anak Usia Dini Melalui Fun Games Circle
Authors: Shofiah Aji Nur , Fauzi Fauzi
Published: June 2024

Egosentris merupakan sifat alamiah anak yang harus diarahkan agar dapat memahami pendapat orang lain dan mau bekerjasama. Anak yang mempunyai kemampuan kerjasama akan dengan mudah bersosialisasi dengan temannya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kerjasama anak usia dini melalui kegiatan fun game circle. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kualitatif Penelitian dilakukan di RA Muslimat NU Kembaran. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah purposif sampling diantaranya kepala sekolah, guru kelas dan guru pembimbing. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan reduksi data (data reduction), penyajian data (data display) penarikan kesimpulan (conclution drawing). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  kegiatan Fun Games Circle dapat digunakan dalam mengembangkan kemampuan kerjasama anak. Karena dalam Fun games circle itu anak-anak dikondisikan untuk menaati aturan-aturan, memecahkan masalah bersama temannya, dan terdapat masalah yang harus diselesaikan bersama. Kondisi tersebut yang membuat anak terbiasa untuk bekerjasama.  Kemudian fun games circle membuat anak mau bergabung dengan temannya, anak antusias mengikuti games, anak mau bermain saat istirahat, anak mau berbagi dengan teman, anak membantu/mendorong anak lain mengikuti games, anak merespon baik jika ada yang menawarkan bantuan, anak terlibat aktif dalam kegiatan games, mengucapkan terimakasih ketika dibantu teman, anak mampu mengatur strategi untuk menyelesaikan kegiatan, anak membagi tugas dalam kegiatan.
Karakter Disiplin dan Tanggung Jawab Anak Kelompok B TK Muslimat Nu 001 Ponorogo
Authors: Puspitasari Ratna Nila , Iswarini Berliana Dwi , Astika Dinar Dwi , Ningrum Putri Wahyu
Published: June 2024

Pembiasaan yang dilakukan secara berulang akan membantu anak dalam mengembangkan nilai-nilai kedisiplinan dan tanggung jawab. Sama halnya yang dilakukan di TK Muslimat 001 Ponorogo. Guru telah membiasakan anak untuk mempraktikkan nilai-nilai keagamaan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendeskripsikan teknik pembiasaan yang digunakan oleh guru untuk menanamkan rasa tanggung jawab dan disiplin pada anak. Salah satu guru kelompok, khususnya guru B5 dan B7, menjadi fokus penelitian ini. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatkan Kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Adapun Teknik untuk penggumpulan data dengan menggunakan Wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik pembiasaan yang dilakukan di TK Muslimat NU 001 Ponorogo dengan melakukan kegiatan rutinitas antara lain menggunakan dua tangan untuk menyapa dan memberi hormat kepada guru (salim), berdoa sebelum dan sesudah belajar, membersihkan loker setelah selesai belajar, merapikan mainan yang ada di dalam kelas setelah selesai bermain, membuang sampah pada tempatnya, meminta maaf ketika melakukan kesalahan, mengucapkan terimakasih ketika menerima sesuatu, berpakaian rapi, dan berbicara dengan baik dan sopan. Sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa TK Muslimat NU 001 Ponorogo menggunakan pendekatan pembiasaan, yang ditandai dengan kegiatan rutin dan terencana atau pembiasaan dapat membantu anak dalam mengembangkan nilai-nilai kedisiplinan dan tanggung jawab.
ANALISIS PERKEMBANGAN PSIKOSOSIAL PADA ANAK USIA DINI DITINJAU BERDASARKAN POLA ASUH ORANG TUA DI KECAMATAN PURWAKARTA
Authors: Ashyla Fatika Hilma , Maranatha Jojor Renta , Muqodas Idat
Published: June 2024

Gangguan perkembangan psikososial pada anak dapat dipengaruhi oleh pola pengasuhan orang tua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan psikososial anak ditinjau berdasarkan pola asuh. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui angket dan wawancara. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 9 orang tua yang memiliki anak berusia 5 - 6 tahun dengan pola asuh berbeda. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan analisis data berbasis interpretive research coding. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perkembangan psikososial pada anak usia dini dengan pola pengasuhan demokratis memiliki keberhasilan dalam mencapai 8 indikator perkembangan psikososial. Sedangkan perkembangan psikososial dengan pola pengasuhan permisif menunjukan anak merasa bersalah dan perkembangan otoriter menunjukan anak tidak dapat mempercayai, memiliki antusias yang kurang, tidak dapat menunjukan identitas diri dan tidak dapat menunjukan rasa percaya diri. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa perkembangan psikososial pada anak usia dini dengan pola asuh demokratis memiliki capaian perkembangan yang optimal.
EFEKTIVITAS PERMAINAN GALAH TERHADAP PERILAKU PROSOSIAL ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN DI TAMAN KANAK-KANAK PERTIWI 1 KANTOR GUBERNUR PADANG
Authors: Maulidda Attala , Marlina Serli
Published: June 2024

Penelitian  ini  dilatarbelakangi  dengan  perilaku  prososial   anak   yang belum berkembang secara optimal dan  kurangnya  fasilitas  permainan  tradisional  di sekolah yang membuat guru belum menggunakan  permainan  galah  dalam  mengembangkan aspek perkembangan anak salah satunnya perilaku prososial. Salah satu permainan tradisional yang dapat mengembangkan perilaku prososial anak adalah permainan galah karena di dalam permainan galah terdapat kerjasama, kepedulian dan empati anak dalam bermain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas dari permainan galah terhadap perilaku prososial anak usia 5-6 tahun di Taman Kanak-kanak Pertiwi 1 Kantor Gubernur Padang.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang berbentuk Quasy Experimental. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh anak di Taman Kanak-kanak Pertiwi 1 Knator Gubernur Padang, dengan sampelnya yaitu kelas B2 sebanyak 15 anak sebagai kelas eksperimen dan B1 sebanyak 15 anak sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik pengumpulan data digunakan lembar observasi terstruktur dan  dokumentasi,  kemudian  data diolah dengan uji perbedaan (t-test) dengan menggunakan bantuan SPSS 20.0 for windows.
Berdasarkan analisis data, hasil rata-rata pre-test dan post-test kelas eksperimen adalah 6,67 dan 16,06. Sedangkan pada kelas kontrol rata-rata  pre-test  dan  post-test  adalah 6,27 dan 12,60. Data yang dihasilkan berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Pada uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan Independent sample t-test didapatkan nilai sig  (2-tailed)  yaitu 0,000 yaitu lebih kecil dari 0,05. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa permainan galah terbukti lebih efektif terhadap perilaku prososial. Dan hasil cohen’s effect size  yaitu  2,18  dalam  artian besar pengaruh kategori kuat. Jadi kesimpulannya adalah permainan galah efektif digunakan untuk mengembangkan perilaku prososial anak.
Pengaruh Media Loose parts Terhadap Literasi Numerasi Anak di Taman Kanak-kanak
Authors: Ayunda Putri Tarisya , Eliza Delfi
Published: June 2024

Latar belakang penelitian ini masih rendahnya kemampuan literasi numerasi pada anak usia dini. Tujuan penulisan artikel yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh media loose parts terhadap literasi numerasi peserta didik di TK Pertiwi 1 Kantor Gubernur Padang. Peneliti menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan jenis quasi-eksperimental. Adapun populasi dalam penelitian ialah seluruh peserta didik di TK Pertiwi 1 Kantor Gubernur Padang. Sampel terdiri dari 28 orang anak yaitu 14 orang anak di kelas B4 (kelompok eksperimen) dan 14 orang anak di kelas B5 (kelompok kontrol), yang dipilih berdasarkan penggunaan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tes untuk menilai literasi numerasi anak yaitu berhitung, simbol, relasi numerasi, operasi aritmatika. Hasil perhitungan validitas butir soal  berada dalam rentang 0,63-0,73 dengan nilai reliabel sejumlah 0,69. Hasil analisis data dari penelitian ini didapatkan rata-rata pre-test (kelompok eksperimen) adalah 12,50 dan  post-test  sebesar 17,29. Sementara perolehan rata-rata pre-test (kelompok kontrol) adalah 12,36 dan  post-test 15,57. Terdapat selisih mean pada kedua kelompok yang di uji cobakan,  perolehan mean kelompok ekpserimen 4,79 sedangkan kelompok kontrol 3,21 . Berdasarkan hasil akhir yang diperoleh melalui uji hipotesis diketahui perolehan signifikansi (2-tailed) adalah 0,002 < 0,05. Kesimpulannya adalah media loose parts memberikan berpengaruh terhadap literasi numerasi peserta didik di TK Pertiwi 1 Kantor Gubernur Padang.
Analisis Kekuatan Velg Terhadap Kestabilan dan Kinerja CB150R Menggunakan Software Solidworks 2020
Authors: Tjiptady Bella Cornelia , Pradani Yayi febdia , Permadi Luchyto Chandra , Meditama Ratna Fajarwati , Nugroho Fahmi Setyo
Published: June 2024

Velg yang kuat dapat berkontribusi signifikan dalam mengurangi bobot sepeda motor, yang pada akhirnya dapat meningkatkan efisiensi bahan bakar dan memberikan pengalaman berkendara yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Secara keseluruhan, desain velg CB150R berbahan alloy steel sangatlah menarik dan sporty. Namun memiliki kekurangan yaitu harganya lebih mahal daripada velg berbahan baja dan sulit untuk diperbaiki jika mengalami kerusakan. Solidworks yang memungkinkan pengguna menentukan dimensi dan hubungan antara berbagai elemen sketsa. Setelah sketsa dasar dibuat, langkah selanjutnya adalah mengubahnya menjadi model 3D. Hal ini memungkinkan para insinyur dan desainer untuk mengidentifikasi potensi masalah dan kelemahan dalam suatu desain sebelum membuat prototipe fisik. Hasil perhitungan static displacement memberikan informasi tentang perubahan bentuk, perpindahan, atau deformasi struktur yang terjadi akibat beban statis. Informasi ini penting dalam perancangan struktur yang mempertimbangkan kinerja struktural, kekuatan material, dan keamanan. Static displacement dapat diukur atau dihitung diberi 2 N/m2 sebagai perubahan posisi suatu titik atau elemen dalam struktur akibat beban yang dikenakan. Diketahui factor of safety terbesar yaitu 3,1e+06 dan terkecil 2,150e+09 bisa juga untuk mengetahui pembeban 2 N/m² yang diberikan.  Berdasarkan nilai dari factor of safety pada tekanan 2 N/m² mendapatkan nilai 2,3 yang berarti struktur atau material tersebut memiliki daya tahan yang diperlukan untuk menahan beban yang diantisipasi.
How to delay the progression of chronic kidney disease: focusing on medications
Authors: Min Jeesu
Published: June 2024

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) bear a significant financial burden and face numerous complications and higher mortality rates. The progression of CKD is associated with glomerular injury caused by glomerular hyperfiltration and oxidative stress. Factors such as uncontrolled hypertension, elevated urine protein levels, anemia, and underlying glomerular disease, contribute to CKD progression. In addition to conservative treatment, several medications are available to combat the progression of CKD to end-stage kidney disease. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers could slow the progression of CKD by reducing glomerular hyperfiltration, lowering blood pressure, and decreasing inflammation. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists inhibit the mineralocorticoid receptor signaling pathway, thereby attenuating inflammation and fibrosis. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors exhibit protective effects on the kidneys and against cardiovascular events. Tolvaptan, a selective vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist, decelerates the rate of increase in total kidney volume and deterioration of kidney function in patients with rapidly progressive autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. The protective effects of AST-120 remain controversial. Due to a lack of evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of these medications in children, it is imperative to weigh the benefits and adverse effects carefully. Further research is essential to establish the efficacy and safety profiles in pediatric populations.
Yapay Zekâ Alanında 2019-2022 Yılları Arasında Yapılan Yüksek Lisans Tezlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Buketçi Hacer
Published: June 2024

Bu araştırmada, Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu (YÖK) Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanında 2019-2022 yılları arasında yapay zekâ konusunda hazırlanan yüksek lisans tezleri içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler ile tezlerdeki yöntemsel eğilimlerin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda yapılan tarama sonucunda ulaşılan yapay zekâ konulu 1256 yüksek lisans tezi; yıllara, enstitülere, üniversitelere, anabilim dallarına, araştırma yöntemlerine göre incelenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, betimsel içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; hazırlanan tez sayılarının yıllara göre değişken oranlı artıp azaldığı, fen bilimleri enstitüsü bünyesinde daha fazla çalışma yapıldığı, üniversite bazında bakıldığında en fazla tezin İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi bünyesinde hazırlandığı, anabilim dallarına göre ise Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Anabilim dalında daha fazla tez yayınlandığı görülmüştür. Bunun yanında tezlerde araştırma yöntemlerinden nicel araştırma yönteminin daha fazla kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Araştırma sonunda, yapay zekâ konusunda çalışma yürütecek olanlara gerekli öneriler sunulmuştur.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PENGELOLAAN ARSIP PADA PT PERUSAHAAN PELAYARAN NUSANTARA PANURJWAN
Authors: Andy Kampae Muhammad Hijjaz Yunus , Arkam Nur
Published: June 2024

Kegiatan pengarsipan dijalank an untuk keberlangsungan bisnis perusahaan. Pengarsiapan di suatu perusahaan arsip berfungsi tidak hanya sebagai sumber informasi, tetapi juga sebagai pusat ingatan dan alat pengawasan dalam kegiatan manajemen organisasi. Arsip merupakan sumber data yang begitu penting dalam perencanaan, analisis, pengembangan, formulasi kebijakan, pengambilan keputusan, pembuatan laporan, pertanggungjawaban, penilaian, dan pengendalian yang tepat. PT Perusahaan Pelayaran Nusantara Panurjwan (PPNP) belum memiliki website untuk pengarsipan digital yang memungkinkan pengambilan informasi lebih cepat dan tepat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah perancangan sistem informasi dalam menunjang pengelolaan arsip pada lokus penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan  metode kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data yang dilakukan peneliti, yaitu tahap wawancara yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk memperoleh informasi yang diperlukan. Selanjutnya tahap observasi langsung terhadap kegiatan yang terkait dengan masalah yang sedang diteliti.Terakhir, tahap studi pustaka dengan tujuan mengumpulkan data dan mempelajari literatur serta mencari informasi yang relevan dengan penelitian ini. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini ialah menghasilkan website arsip agar memudahkan pekerjaan karyawan yang ada pada PPNP. Website yang telah dibuat berhasil memudahkan pihak pengelola arsip dalam mengarsipkan semua jenis dokumen, efisiensi waktu dalam pencarian arsip serta meminimalisir risiko hilangnya dokumen.
Relationship between serum uric acid levels and uric acid lowering therapy with the prognosis of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Linzhi , Chang Ying , Li Fei , Yin Yuehui
Published: June 2024

Aims

This meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between serum uric acid levels and the efficacy of uric acid-lowering therapies on clinical outcomes among patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted through October 21, 2023, across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. The pooled effect sizes were estimated and presented with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI). Subgroup analyses were conducted based on various factors, including sample size (<1,000 vs. ≥1,000), follow-up duration (<2 years vs. ≥2 years), study quality (assessed by a score of <7 vs. ≥7), ethnicity (Non-Asian vs. Asian), study design (prospective vs. retrospective), type of heart failure (HF) (acute vs. chronic), presence of hyperuricemia (yes or no), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) thresholds (≥45% vs. ≥50%), and the type of uric acid-lowering therapy (traditional vs. novel).

Results

The analysis included a total of 12 studies. Elevated serum uric acid levels were significantly linked to an increased risk of all-cause mortality [relative risk (RR): 1.21, 95% CI: 1.06–1.37, P = 0.004] and cardiovascular (CV) mortality (RR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.42–2.04, P < 0.001) in HFpEF patients. Subgroup analyses confirmed this association, particularly in non-Asian populations, those with chronic HFpEF, and studies with a follow-up duration of two years or more. Additionally, higher uric acid levels were associated with an increased risk of HF-related hospitalization [hazard ratio (HR): 1.61, 95% CI: 1.12–2.34, P = 0.011]. Regarding treatment, uric acid-lowering therapy did not show a significant effect on reducing mortality in HFpEF patients. However, it was associated with a decreased risk of hospitalization due to HF (RR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.79–0.91, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The findings of this study highlight the prognostic significance of serum uric acid levels in HFpEF and suggest that uric acid-lowering therapy may be beneficial in reducing the incidence of HF hospitalizations. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms by which uric acid-lowering therapy confers its potential benefits.
Genome-wide association study and polygenic score assessment of insulin resistance
Authors: Aliyu Usama , Umlai Umm-Kulthum Ismail , Toor Salman M. , Elashi Asma A. , Al-Sarraj Yasser A. , Abou−Samra Abdul Badi , Suhre Karsten , Albagha Omar M. E.
Published: June 2024

Insulin resistance (IR) and beta cell dysfunction are the major drivers of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) on IR have been predominantly conducted in European populations, while Middle Eastern populations remain largely underrepresented. We conducted a GWAS on the indices of IR (HOMA2-IR) and beta cell function (HOMA2-%B) in 6,217 non-diabetic individuals from the Qatar Biobank (QBB; Discovery cohort; n = 2170, Replication cohort; n = 4047) with and without body mass index (BMI) adjustment. We also developed polygenic scores (PGS) for HOMA2-IR and compared their performance with a previously derived PGS for HOMA-IR (PGS003470). We replicated 11 loci that have been previously associated with HOMA-IR and 24 loci that have been associated with HOMA-%B, at nominal statistical significance. We also identified a novel locus associated with beta cell function near VEGFC gene, tagged by rs61552983 (P = 4.38 × 10-8). Moreover, our best performing PGS (Q-PGS4; Adj R2 = 0.233 ± 0.014; P = 1.55 x 10-3) performed better than PGS003470 (Adj R2 = 0.194 ± 0.014; P = 5.45 x 10-2) in predicting HOMA2-IR in our dataset. This is the first GWAS on HOMA2 and the first GWAS conducted in the Middle East focusing on IR and beta cell function. Herein, we report a novel locus in VEGFC that is implicated in beta cell dysfunction. Inclusion of under-represented populations in GWAS has potentials to provide important insights into the genetic architecture of IR and beta cell function.
Immunoregulation of Glia after spinal cord injury: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Huang Yi , Hu Rong , Wu Lei , He Kelin , Ma Ruijie
Published: June 2024

Objective

Immunoregulation is a complex and critical process in the pathological process of spinal cord injury (SCI), which is regulated by various factors and plays an important role in the functional repair of SCI. This study aimed to explore the research hotspots and trends of glial cell immunoregulation after SCI from a bibliometric perspective.

Methods

Data on publications related to glial cell immunoregulation after SCI, published from 2004 to 2023, were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection. Countries, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords in the topic were quantitatively analyzed using the R package “bibliometrix”, VOSviewer, Citespace, and the Bibliometrics Online Analysis Platform.

Results

A total of 613 papers were included, with an average annual growth rate of 9.39%. The papers came from 36 countries, with the United States having the highest output, initiating collaborations with 27 countries. Nantong University was the most influential institution. We identified 3,177 authors, of whom Schwartz, m, of the Weizmann Institute of Science, was ranked first regarding both field-specific H-index (18) and average number of citations per document (151.44). Glia ranked first among journals with 2,574 total citations. The keywords “microglia,” “activation,” “macrophages,” “astrocytes,” and “neuroinflammation” represented recent hot topics and are expected to remain a focus of future research.

Conclusion

These findings strongly suggest that the immunomodulatory effects of microglia, astrocytes, and glial cell interactions may be critical in promoting nerve regeneration and repair after SCI. Research on the immunoregulation of glial cells after SCI is emerging, and there should be greater cooperation and communication between countries and institutions to promote the development of this field and benefit more SCI patients.
Type I conventional dendritic cells and CD8+ T cells predict favorable clinical outcome of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Kirchner Johanna , Plesca Ioana , Rothe Rebecca , Resag Antonia , Löck Steffen , Benešová Iva , Rupp Luise , Linge Annett , Wehner Rebekka , Krause Mechthild , Schmitz Marc
Published: June 2024

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common tumor entities worldwide, with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection contributing to cancer development. Conventional therapies achieve only limited efficiency, especially in recurrent or metastatic HNSCC. As the immune landscape decisively impacts the survival of patients and treatment efficacy, this study comprehensively investigated the immunological tumor microenvironment (TME) and its association with patient outcome, with special focus on several dendritic cell (DC) and T lymphocyte subpopulations. Therefore, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples of 56 HNSCC patients, who have undergone resection and adjuvant radiotherapy, were analyzed by multiplex immunohistochemistry focusing on the detailed phenotypic characterization and spatial distribution of DCs, CD8+ T cells, and T-helper cell subsets in different tumor compartments. Immune cell densities and proportions were correlated with clinical characteristics of the whole HNSCC cohort and different HPV- or hypoxia-associated subcohorts. Tumor stroma was highly infiltrated by plasmacytoid DCs and T lymphocytes. Among the T-helper cells and CD8+ T cells, stromal regulatory T cells and intraepithelial exhausted CD8+ T cells expressing programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1+) and/or lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3+) were the predominant phenotypes, indicating an immunosuppressive TME. HPV-associated tumors showed significantly higher infiltration of type I and type II conventional DCs (cDC1, cDC2) as well as several CD8+ T cell phenotypes including exhausted, activated, and proliferating T cells. On the contrary, tumors with hypoxia-associated gene signatures exhibited reduced infiltration for these immune cells. By multivariate Cox regression, immune-related prognostic factors were identified. Patient clusters defined by high infiltration of DCs and T lymphocytes combined with HPV positivity or low hypoxia showed significantly prolonged survival. Thereby, cDC1 and CD8+ T cells emerged as independent prognostic factors for local and distant recurrence. These results might contribute to the implementation of an immune cell infiltration score predicting HNSCC patients’ survival and such patient stratification might improve the design of future individualized radiochemo-(immuno)therapies.
A comparison of intraocular pressure measurement using SUOER SW-500 rebound tonometer and conventional reusable Goldmann prisms
Authors: Chaung Jia Quan , Sangapillai Thanendthire , Quilat Karen Kate , Perera Shamira
Published: June 2024

Introduction

To determine the agreement between intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements using conventional Goldmann applanation tonometry (GA1,2T) and SUOER SW-500 Rebound Tonometer.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study where 205 eyes of 106 glaucoma patients had their IOPs measured by 2 fellowship trained ophthalmologists. Data were analyzed using the Bland–Altman method of differences. Correlation was measured using the Pearson coefficient.

Results

Most of our patients were Chinese (88.7%) and female (51.9%). The average age was 66.9 years. The range of IOPs as measured by GAT was 2 to 58 mm Hg. Using the Bland–Altman method to compare GAT and SUOER SW-500 Rebound Tonometer. The tonometer overestimated the IOP by 0.5 mm Hg in the right eye and underestimated it by 0.1 mm Hg in the left eye. Overall, the tonometer overestimated the IOP by 0.2 mmHg. The Tonometer IOP correlated well with GAT, with a Pearson coefficient of correlation(r) of 0.89 (p < 0.001) for the right eye and 0.86 (p < 0.001) for the left eye, respectively. In patients with GAT IOP ≥ 21 mm Hg (n = 25), the Tonometer underestimated the IOP by 2.96 mm Hg.

Discussion

The IOP measurements from the SUOER SW-500 Rebound Tonometer correlates well with the conventional GAT in measuring the IOP within normal ranges of IOP. SUOER SW-500 Rebound Tonometer may be of use, especially if the risk of transmission of infection is high considering that the probes are disposable. It is easy to use and its small size and portability makes it useful in situations where the patient is unable to be examined at the slit lamp.
Factors associated with self-reported medical errors among undergraduate health science students in southern Ethiopia
Authors: Toitole Kusse Koirita , Danaso Fekade Tesfaye , Alto Saron Assefa , Mohammed Tofik , Dejene Sisay , Boynito Wanzahun Godana
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Medical errors are not uncommon, but they are seldom reported. Patient safety practices are among the key areas for service improvement. This study aimed to assess factors associated with self-reported medical errors among undergraduate health science students in southern Ethiopia.

Methods

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among health science students of Arba Minch University in 2018. The sample size was calculated using a single population proportion formula. A total of 287 medical students in their fourth year and above, nursing and midwifery students in their second year and above, and other health science students in their third year and above were included.

Results

The majority (82.1, 95%CI: 77.63–86.67) of the study participants had a ‘good’ knowledge score on patient safety. Approximately 62.5% (95%CI: 56.8–68.2) of the participants had a ‘favorable’ patient safety attitude. Only 38.6% (95%CI: 32.8–44.3) of the study participants had ‘good’ patient safety practices. At adjusted analysis, the practical attachment unit, having ever managed a patient independently, having ever witnessed harm to patients by colleagues or other healthcare workers, and having ever witnessed harm to a close friend or family member were statistically significantly associated with self-reported medical errors. Participants who were doing their practical clinical attachment in the surgical and obstetric units were three times more likely to self-report medical errors as compared to those practicing in the pediatrics, internal medicine, and other units (AOR = 2.72, 95%CI: 1.16–6.39.97). Students who had never managed a patient independently were less likely to self-report medical error (AOR = 0.24, 95%CI: 0.08–0.72). The odds of self-reporting medical errors were less among among participants who had not ever witnessed harm to patients by colleagues or other healthcare workers (AOR = 0.12, 95%CI: 0.05–0.29) and participants who had not ever witnessed harm to a close friend or family member (AOR = 0.36, 95%CI: 0.16–0.80).

Conclusion

One in five of the participants reported having harmed patients while practicing. Most of the students had good patient safety knowledge, while approximately two-thirds of the participants had a favorable attitude toward patient safety. Only 38.6% of the study participants had good patient safety practices. Having worked in surgical and obstetrics units, having managed a patient independently, and having witnessed harm to a patient were associated with self-reporting of medical errors.
The mechanism of Laceyella sacchari FBKL4.010 produced tetramethylpyrazine in the liquid fermentation by comparative transcriptomic techniques
Authors: Wang Xiaodan , Huang Wu , Huang Jin , Luo Xiaoye , Nie Mingbo , Jiang Tao , Ban Shidong , Li Pei
Published: June 2024

Tetramethylpyrazine (TTMP) is considered a crucial flavor component in Moutai-flavored liquor. Laceyeella sacchari FBKL4.010 (L. sacchari) is the dominant species found in Moutai-flavor Daqu, and this study aims to determine the mechanism by which L. sacchari produces TTMP during liquid fermentation of Moutai-flavor Daqu. The results of the liquid fermentation performance demonstrated a gradual increase in biomass over time, while there was a gradual decline in residual glucose content and pH value. Furthermore, analysis of volatile components revealed that liquid fermentation significantly enhanced the production of TTMP in Moutai-flavor Daqu, with the relative content of TTMP reaching 14.24 mg/L after 96 h of liquid fermentation. Additionally, to explore the synthesis mechanism of TTMP, we compared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of L. sacchari between 24 and 96 h using comparative transcriptomic techniques. The results indicated that DEGs involved in isoleucine, valine, and leucine biosynthesis pathway were upregulated, while those associated with isoleucine, valine, and leucine degradation pathway were downregulated, suggesting that the valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis pathway primarily contributes ammonia for TTMP synthesis. The findings of this study present an opportunity for further elucidating the production process of TTMP in Moutai-flavor Daqu during liquid fermentation.
Efficacy of acupuncture in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Zhe , Jiao Mingyuan , Wang Tianqi , Zhang Baiwen , Dong Hao , Du Yunpeng , Yao Jiayong , Zou Wei
Published: June 2024

Objective

There is currently a lack of evidence in evidence-based medicine regarding acupuncture treatment for experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture treatment for experimental ICH based on neurological function scores and brain water content (BWC).

Methods

Eight mainstream Chinese and English databases were searched. Outcome measures included neurological function scores and BWC, and subgroup analysis was conducted based on study characteristics.

Results

A total of 32 studies were included. Meta-analysis results indicated that compared to the control group, the acupuncture group showed significant reductions in mNSS (MD = −3.16, p < 0.00001), Bederson score (MD = −0.99, p < 0.00001), Longa score (MD = −0.54, p < 0.0001), and brain water content (MD = −5.39, p < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis revealed that for mNSS, the autologous blood model (MD = −3.36) yielded better results than the collagenase model (MD = −0.92, p < 0.00001), and simple fixation (MD = −3.38) or no fixation (MD = −3.39) was superior to sham acupuncture (MD = −0.92, p < 0.00001). For BWC, the autologous blood model (MD = −7.73) outperformed the collagenase model (MD = −2.76, p < 0.00001), and GV20–GB7 (MD = −7.27) was more effective than other acupuncture points (MD = −2.92, p = 0.0006).

Conclusion

Acupuncture significantly improves neurological deficits and brain edema in experimental ICH. Acupuncture at GV20 - GB7 is more effective than at other points. These findings support further studies to translate acupuncture into clinical treatment for human ICH.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023435584.
Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the management of spasticity in cerebral palsy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tur Segura Míriam , Gimeno Esteve Francisca , Biedermann Villagra Tamara , Jiménez Redondo Jordi , García Rodríguez Nicolás , Milà Villarroel Raimon
Published: June 2024

Background

Spasticity is the most common motor disorder in cerebral palsy (CP), and its management is complex, posing a significant challenge for the rehabilitation team. Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) has emerged in recent years as an effective, non-invasive, and low-risk alternative for the management of spasticity in CP patients, with only minor side effects such as small bruises or discomfort during application. There is great variability in rESWT administration protocols, ranging from a single session up to the 12 sessions. The most extensively studied protocol involves 3 rESWT sessions with a one-week interval between session. According to current literature, the effect of rESWT has not been investigated by extending the time interval between sessions beyond 1 week to determine if therapeutic effects on spasticity can be prolonged over time.

Methods

Following a power calculation using the minimal clinical important difference of our primary outcome (R2 of Modified Tardieu Scale), 72 patients will be included in the study. Enrolment is based upon inclusion/exclusion criteria outlined in the Methods section. Participants will be randomized in 3 groups. Each patient will receive 2000 impulses in the Triceps Sural muscle (distributed by all the plantar flexor muscles: soleus and gastrocnemius), at a 2.2 Bars pressure and a frequency of 8 Hz. The Control Group will receive 3 rESWT sessions with a time interval of 1 week between each session. The Experimental Group A will receive 3 rESTW sessions with a time interval of 2 weeks between each session and the Experimental Group B will receive 3 rESTW sessions with a time interval of 4 weeks between each session.

Discussion

This study will provide further information regarding the effect of rESWT on spasticity in patients with CP. If an increase in the time interval between rESWT sessions allows for the prolongation of therapeutic benefits on spasticity, it will be clinically relevant fact. With the same treatment dosage, patients will be able to benefit from its effects for a longer period of time.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05702606.
Transcriptomic convergence despite genomic divergence drive field cancerization in synchronous squamous tumors
Authors: Tan Qiu Xuan , Shannon Nicholas B. , Lim Weng Khong , Teo Jing Xian , Yap Daniel R. Y. , Lek Sze Min , Tan Joey W. S. , Tan Shih Jia J. , Hendrikson Josephine , Liu Ying , Ng Gillian , Chong Clara Y. L. , Guo Wanyu , Koh Kelvin K. N. , Ng Cedric C. Y. , Rajasegaran Vikneswari , Wong Jolene S.M. , Seo Chin Jin , Ong Choon Kiat , Lim Tony K. H. , Teh Bin Tean , Kon Oi Lian , Chia Claramae S. , Soo Khee Chee , Iyer N. Gopalakrishna , Ong Chin-Ann J.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Field cancerization is suggested to arise from imbalanced differentiation in individual basal progenitor cells leading to clonal expansion of mutant cells that eventually replace the epithelium, although without evidence.

Methods

We performed deep sequencing analyses to characterize the genomic and transcriptomic landscapes of field change in two patients with synchronous aerodigestive tract tumors.

Results

Our data support the emergence of numerous genetic alterations in cancer-associated genes but refutes the hypothesis that founder mutation(s) underpin this phenomenon. Mutational signature analysis identified defective homologous recombination as a common underlying mutational process unique to synchronous tumors.

Discussion

Our analyses suggest a common etiologic factor defined by mutational signatures and/or transcriptomic convergence, which could provide a therapeutic opportunity.
Rapid gene fusion testing using the NanoString nCounter platform to improve pediatric leukemia diagnoses in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Gastier-Foster Julie M. , Lutwama Fredrick , Mbabazi Olive , Mlenga Steven , Ulaya Kennedy , Namazzi Ruth , Hollingsworth E. Faith , Lopez-Terrada Dolores , Fisher Kevin E. , Roy Angshumoy , Allen Carl E. , Poplack David G. , Mzikamanda Rizine , Ozuah Nmazuo , Wasswa Peter
Published: June 2024

Risk stratification and molecular targeting have been key to increasing cure rates for pediatric cancers in high-income countries. In contrast, precise diagnosis in low-resource settings is hindered by insufficient pathology infrastructure. The Global HOPE program aims to improve outcomes for pediatric cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by building local clinical care and diagnostic capacity. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of implementing molecular assays to improve leukemia diagnoses in SSA. Custom NanoString nCounter gene fusion assays, previously validated in the US, were used to test samples from suspected leukemia patients. The NanoString platform was chosen due to relatively low cost, minimal technical and bioinformatics expertise required, ability to test sub-optimal RNA, and rapid turnaround time. Fusion results were analyzed blindly, then compared to morphology and flow cytometry results. Of 117 leukemia samples, 74 were fusion-positive, 30 were negative, 7 were not interpretable, and 6 failed RNA quality. Nine additional samples were negative for leukemia by flow cytometry and negative for gene fusions. All 74 gene fusions aligned with the immunophenotype determined by flow cytometry. Fourteen samples had additional information available to further confirm the accuracy of the gene fusion results. The testing provided a more precise diagnosis in >60% of cases, and 9 cases were identified that could be treated with an available tyrosine kinase inhibitor, if detected at diagnosis. As risk-stratified and targeted therapies become more available in SSA, implementing this testing in real-time will enable the treatment of pediatric cancer to move toward incorporating risk stratification for optimized therapy.
Practice recommendations regarding parental presence in NICUs during pandemics caused by respiratory pathogens like COVID-19
Authors: Campbell-Yeo Marsha , Bacchini Fabiana , Alcock Lynsey , Mitra Souvik , MacNeil Morgan , Mireault Amy , Beltempo Marc , Bishop Tanya , Campbell Douglas M. , Chilcott Addie , Comeau Jeannette L. , Dol Justine , Grant Amy , Gubbay Jonathon , Hughes Brianna , Hundert Amos , Inglis Darlene , Lakoff Alanna , Lalani Yasmin , Luu Thuy Mai , Morton Jenna , Narvey Michael , O’Brien Karel , Robeson Paula , Science Michelle , Shah Prakesh , Whitehead Leah
Published: June 2024

Aim

To co-create parental presence practice recommendations across Canadian NICUs during pandemics caused by respiratory pathogens such as COVID-19.

Methods

Recommendations were developed through evidence, context, Delphi and Values and Preferences methods. For Delphi 1 and 2, participants rated 50 items and 20 items respectively on a scale from 1 (very low importance) to 5 (very high). To determine consensus, evidence and context of benefits and harms were presented and discussed within the Values and Preference framework for the top-ranked items. An agreement of 80% or more was deemed consensus.

Results

After two Delphi rounds (n = 59 participants), 13 recommendations with the highest rated importance were identified. Consensus recommendations included 6 strong recommendations (parents as essential caregivers, providing skin-to-skin contact, direct or mothers' own expressed milk feeding, attending medical rounds, mental health and psychosocial services access, and inclusion of parent partners in pandemic response planning) and 7 conditional recommendations (providing hands-on care tasks, providing touch, two parents present at the same time, food and drink access, use of communication devices, and in-person access to medical rounds and mental health and psychosocial services).

Conclusion

These recommendations can guide institutions in developing strategies for parental presence during pandemics caused by respiratory pathogens like COVID-19
Dialogue between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum-potential therapeutic targets for age-related cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Chen Chen , Dong Xueyan , Zhang Wang , Chang Xing , Gao Wulin
Published: June 2024

Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) act as physical membrane contact sites facilitating material exchange and signal transmission between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), thereby regulating processes such as Ca2+/lipid transport, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, ER stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, among other pathological mechanisms. Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of MAMs in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly in aging-related pathologies. Aging significantly influences the structure and function of the heart and the arterial system, possibly due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from reduced antioxidant capacity and the age-related decline in organelle function, including mitochondria. Therefore, this paper begins by describing the composition, structure, and function of MAMs, followed by an exploration of the degenerative changes in MAMs and the cardiovascular system during aging. Subsequently, it discusses the regulatory pathways and approaches targeting MAMs in aging-related CVDs, to provide novel treatment strategies for managing CVDs in aging populations.