bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization Approach for Improving Energy Efficiency and Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emission of Wheat Crop using Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Ilahi Sara , Wu Yongchang , Raza Muhammad Ahsan Ali , Wei Wenshan , Imran Muhammad , Bayasgalankhuu Lyankhua
Published: June 2019

Energy is a major component in enhancing agricultural productivity for the rapidly growing world population. From that fact, a comprehensive analysis of energy inputs and outputs is required to conserve energy for future generations without threatening the food supply. Therefore, this study was performed in wheat production across important cropping zones of Punjab, Pakistan. In this study, the energy use pattern of wheat production was analyzed, and the degrees of technical efficiency of Decision Making Units (DMUs) were examined using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Based on the results of the DEA analysis, the inefficient energy inputs were identified and further explored with the core objective of a significant reduction of excess valuable resources. Data were collected from conducting a face-to-face questionnaire of 200 farmers. The farms for sample were chosen randomly by a stratified normal approach. The results disclosed that the input energy of 34,430.98 MJ ha−1 was used up for wheat production with an output energy of 48,267.05 MJ ha−1. Energy use efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity, and net energy gain in wheat production were calculated as 1.4 MJ kg−1, 9.27 MJ kg−1, 0.10 MJ kg−1 and 13,836.07 MJ kg−1, respectively. The average technical, pure technical, and scale efficiency of DMUs were 0.668, 0.776, and 0.828, respectively, and 0.74% of consulted DMUs were functioning at decreasing returns to scale. Additionally, the significant energy consumption belongs to fertilizer, and diesel fuel, which contribute 65% of the total energy input. If these inputs are applied and managed in line with ours optimize value (29,388.5 MJ ha−1) could save 14.65% resources, which will eventually add the equal quantity in wheat-yield. The total Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions were calculated to be 866.43 kg CO2-eq ha−1. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that there is sensible capacity for enhancing the energy efficiency of wheat production in Pakistan by accompanying the recommendations for economical energy management, sustainable and efficient use of energy is extremely encouraged.
Addressing the Importance of Service Attributes in Railways
Authors: Sañudo Roberto , Echaniz Eneko , Alonso Borja , Cordera Rubén
Published: June 2019

This research presents a combined qualitative and quantitative method focused on determining the level of importance that users place on different attributes of a railway service. The identification of these preferences will allow the establishment of policies that could increase the quality and demand of this mode. The qualitative analysis is based on a participation process through focus groups and in-depth interviews. From these sources, a diagnosis of the system and the main attributes that may influence the demand have been obtained. The quantitative part of the methodology is grounded on the realization of a stated preference survey using Best–Worst case 1 scaling. This method has made it possible to determine that the attributes related to the fare system, travel time, and intermodality are the most important to increase the quality of rail transport. Instead, the least important attributes were those related to very specific additional services. At the same time, it has been observed that the importance varies depending on the frequency of railway use. Thus, less frequent and nonusers considered the connections with other transport modes and user information more important. Therefore, improving intermodality could be a cost-effective way to attract new users.
Urbanization Effects on Human-Perceived Temperature Changes in the North China Plain
Authors: Wang Feiyu , Duan Keqin , Zou Lei
Published: June 2019

Urbanization and associated land use changes significantly alter the energy and radiation balance, land surface characteristics, and regional climates, posing challenges to natural ecosystems and human society. The combined effects of changes in air temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and wind speed (WS) profoundly influence human-perceived temperature and the corresponding human thermal comfort, especially in urban areas with large population. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal changes in human-perceived temperatures in the North China Plain, represented by heat index (HI) in summer and wind chill temperature (WCT) in winter, and quantifies the effects of urbanization on temperature changes, based on the observational data of 56 meteorological stations during 1976–2016. The results show a significant warming trend, with human-perceived temperatures increasing faster than T. The warming trend in WCT is higher than that in HI, indicating more thermal discomfort in summer and more thermal comfort in winter. However, the warming trend moderately slows after 1996, partly due to the global surface warming hiatus. Urban areas experience stronger warming trends than non-urban areas, demonstrating the notable effects of urbanization. For the entire study area, urbanization and associated urban land expansion accelerate the increase in HI by 26% and the increase in WCT by 17%.
Governing Climate Finance in Fiji: Barriers, Complexity and Interconnectedness
Authors: Anantharajah Kirsty
Published: June 2019

Pacific Island Countries are most vulnerable to the disastrous impacts of climate change; they also, however, manifest some of the most ambitious international climate commitments. Fiji, for one, has sought to respond to the escalating threat by setting highly ambitious climate mitigation targets, specifically in the energy sector. Finance is key to the realization of these goals: governors must attract and meaningfully invest vast sums to support these mitigation targets. This study, through qualitative, empirical, and inductive methods, found that a complex landscape of barriers stood between governors and the translation of finance into positive climate outcomes. The study categorized barriers into four different planes of deepening entrenchment: Level One barriers are the most tractable, whereas Level Four barriers are immovable. The study found that these barriers interrelate between levels, creating complex chains of entrenchment. A superficially tractable issue may be rendered less so by being rooted in a more entrenched issue. Empirically, this paper delineates the complex landscape of challenges, or ‘context’, that Fijian climate governors must understand in order to deliver effective governance solutions. Beyond this, this research offers a framework of broader application through which climate governors may conceptualize complex barriers.
Household Split, Income, and Migrants’ Life Satisfaction: Social Problems Caused by Rapid Urbanization in China
Authors: Chen Yang , Chen Hongsheng , Liu Jinhua
Published: June 2019

Household split between rural and urban areas has become an important social issue in China’s urbanization process. This study analysed the influence of household split on migrants’ life satisfaction and the differences between inter- and intra-provincial migrants. Using the data of the 2014 China Migrants Dynamic Survey, we found that the life satisfaction of inter-provincial migrants was significantly lower than that of intra-provincial migrants. For inter-provincial migrants, the life satisfaction of those who moved to the city with underaged children was significantly lower than that of those who left their children in their hometown. Moreover, the life satisfaction of migrants who were concerned about childcare in the hometown was significantly lower than that of those who did not worry about it. Chinese migrants face a dilemma: bringing their family members to the city despite the lack of social welfare support or leaving them in the hometown worrying about family care. We also found that family income does not have a significant moderating effect on the decline in life satisfaction owing to concerns about childcare in the hometown. Future policy concerning China’s population should create external conditions for migrants to accomplish family reunion.
A System Dynamics Model to Assess the Effectiveness of Governmental Support Policies for Renewable Electricity
Authors: Yu Huilu , Yan Youning , Dong Suocheng
Published: June 2019

China’s support policy for renewable electricity belongs to a feed-in tariffs scheme. With the rapid development of renewable electricity industries, this set of policies brought about a heavy fiscal burden for the government. The exploration of whether current support policy provided excessive subsidies for renewable electricity is of great practical significance. We hold an idea that the internalization of positive externality is the only criterion for the government to support the development of a renewable electricity industry. The problem of whether the current policy provides excessive subsidies for renewable electricity industry can be solved by assessing whether its positive externality is internalized, as renewable electricity industry has a characteristic of externality. Our study object is an assumed biomass power plant in Jingning County, Gansu Province. A system dynamics model was built. Applying the environmental cost accounting method and net present value analysis method, we connected the techno-economic analysis of the biomass power plant with the measurement of positive externality of biomass power generation together. In this system dynamics model, we developed an indicator to reveal whether the subsidies provided by governmental policies can compensate the positive externality generated by the assumed biomass power plant. This study mainly draws the following conclusions: Firstly, China’s current support policy does provide excessive subsidies for the renewable power industry. The subsidies received by biomass power plants from the government are higher than the positive externality generated by them; secondly, the positive externality measurement of the biomass power industry is influenced by many regional factors; thirdly, without governmental policy support, biomass power plants cannot compete with traditional power companies; fourthly, as biomass power generation is concerned, the current price subsidy intensity is about US$0.0132 higher per kWh than a reasonable level. Furthermore, the parameters frequently applied in the calculation of the prices of pollutant emission reduction in Chinese research papers are relatively small, which is only half of their actual values. Jingning County, situated in inland west-northern China, lacks typicality. There is a limitation in judging whether the government’s support policy for renewable electricity is reasonable through a feasibility analysis of investment in a biomass power generation project. This may be the main drawback of this study.
A Bibliometric Review of Global Research on Corporate Governance and Board Attributes
Authors: Zheng Chenglong , Kouwenberg Roy
Published: June 2019

This paper conducts a bibliometric review of global research on the role of boards of directors in corporate governance. Boards of directors play a crucial role in the corporate governance of publicly traded firms, as they monitor the performance of top executives on behalf of shareholders and help to set the firm’s overall strategic direction. Our review documents most influential articles, authors, and journals in this area. The bibliometric analysis highlights the multi-disciplinary nature of research on boards of directors, covering the fields of finance and economics, accounting and auditing, and management and strategy. Furthermore, co-citation analyses reveal the core theoretical and conceptual articles on agency theory and ownership structure that provide the foundation for research on corporate governance and boards of directors. The review shows that, despite its practical importance, studies on how boards of directors contribute to corporate sustainability represent only a small fraction of the articles in this literature. This highlights the need for more research on this particular topic in the coming years. Moreover, the keyword co-occurrence analysis suggests other emerging research topics in the BDCG knowledge base are in the areas of gender diversity, CSR, and innovation, which pinpoints possible future research directions for scholars in the field.
Recognizing Landscapes for the Purpose of Sustainable Development—Experiences from Poland
Authors: Solecka Iga , Bothmer Dietmar , Głogowski Arkadiusz
Published: June 2019

Landscape identification forms a base for landscape management and sustainable land use policy. According to the European Landscape Convention, each Member State needs to recognize the landscapes as an essential component of people’s surroundings. Poland developed a method for landscape auditing that will be conducted for landscapes in the whole country. The identification of landscape units is based on landscape type characteristics and spatial data that is layered and analyzed in order to identify landscape units. In this paper, we aim to test the possibilities of automatic landscape identification. We take the assumptions designed for landscape identification for the needs of the audit. Based on the “Typology of Poland’s current landscapes”, we design a process to identify landscape units with the use of the aggregation of land cover data and multivariable analysis. We use tools in an ArcGIS environment to design a process that will support human perception. Our approach is compared with the approach presented in the method designed for a landscape audit in order to be used for landscape unit identification at the municipal level. The case study area is the municipality of Siechnice within the suburban area of the city of Wrocław, an example of a changing landscape under suburbanization pressure. We conclude that both approaches can support each other in the landscape identification process.
The Key Factors Influencing Safety Analysis for Traditional Settlement Landscape
Authors: He Yan-Feng , Chen Chie-Peng , Chou Rung-Jiun
Published: June 2019

The secure layout of traditional settlements is key to their sustainability. The criteria and assessment framework for spatial safety have not yet been systematically summarized, and their safety assessment criteria and dimensions have not yet been established. Therefore, this study aims to develop the constructs, assessment framework, and relational network, and analyze the association among and roles of key criteria of the spatial safety of traditional settlements using the Delphi method, DANP (DEMATEL (Decision Making and Trial Evaluation Laboratory)-based ANP (Analytic Network Process) method), and IPA (Importance–Performance Analysis) for case studies. Based on the results, this study extracted the localized elements of traditional settlements to create special local settlements. This study found that: (1) the dimensions of spatial safety include spiritual, physical, and behavioral aspects, and 16 criteria, eight of which are key criteria; (2) religious beliefs are important and have mutual influence on the organization and source of other criteria; (3) the use of IPA found that key criteria together makes up safe living places. Spiritual defense combines trust with the sense of belonging; the physical defense constructs a spatial environment; and behavioral defense involves daily life activities. Spiritual defense consists of psychological consolation and has a complementary relationship with physical defense. Behavioral defense has a social organizational system, which it reflects in spiritual and physical defenses. The spiritual, physical, and behavioral defenses are related to each other, and are reflected in the psychological, spatial, and living aspects. Overall, when taken together, the spiritual, physical, and behavioral aspects of the spatial safety criteria of settlements construct safe living places.
Erratum: Urso, G., et al. Resilience and Sectoral Composition Change of Italian Inner Areas in Response to the Great Recession. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2679
Authors: Urso Giulia , Modica Marco , Faggian Alessandra
Published: June 2019

The authors would like to make the following corrections to the published paper [...]
The Effects of Greenhouse Gas Emissions on Cereal Production in the European Union
Authors: Simionescu Mihaela , Bilan Yuriy , Gędek Stanisław , Streimikiene Dalia
Published: June 2019

Considering food security and climate change mitigation as the main sustainability challenges for agriculture, the main goal is to achieve agricultural production at an acceptable level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this paper, the effects of GHGs are described. Panel data models are built to assess the impact of greenhouse gases on harvested production of cereals in EU countries. The study is focused on the climate change cause by GHG emissions that have a direct impact on agriculture in what concerns cereal production. Therefore, the impact of GHGs on cereal production in the European Union, except Malta, in the period 2000–2016 was assessed. Moreover, the effects of GHGs on agricultural irrigated land in Denmark and Hungary, two EU countries with the large agricultural surface, were computed. The results indicated a positive impact of GHGs from agriculture and fertilizer consumption in the previous year on cereal production in the EU. Moreover, only in Hungary did the increase in GHG emissions determined a slow increase in the volume of agricultural irrigated lands in the period of 2000–2016.
The Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices and Environmental Factors through a Moderating Role of Social Media Marketing on Sustainable Performance of Business Firms
Authors: Abbas Jaffar , Mahmood Shahid , Ali Hashim , Ali Raza Muhammad , Ali Ghaffar , Aman Jaffar , Bano Shaher , Nurunnabi Mohammad
Published: June 2019

This precise study performed a focalized investigation to examine the association of environmental effects, new product development performance, superior customers’ value, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on sustainable performance. This research study aimed to investigate how social media marketing application moderates the association between corporate social responsibility and sustainable performance of the firms located in Multan Division, Pakistan. This study applied a simple random sampling approach to execute this research, and the authors sent a questionnaire with an invitation letter and informed consent form to 752 respondents. Based on 548 valid responses from the targeted population, the first step was to screen and analyze data through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS-V25) and the Smart PLS V-3.2.8. The results indicated that corporate social responsibility presented a positive impact on firms’ sustainable performance. The findings also revealed that social media marketing tools moderated the relationship between CSR and sustainable production of business firms. As a final point, the study only included respondents from Multan Division, therefore, limiting the generalizability of the findings to other Pakistani business firms. The implications of this study may provide further directions for researchers and academicians to consider the larger sample size and the addition of new variables in other regions worldwide. The findings are useful for filling the gap between the relationship of environmental effects, CSR, and social media marketing application to calculate the sustainable performance of business firms.
Sustainable Sewage Sludge Management: From Current Practices to Emerging Nutrient Recovery Technologies
Authors: Shaddel Sina , Bakhtiary-Davijany Hamidreza , Kabbe Christian , Dadgar Farbod , Østerhus Stein
Published: June 2019

Nutrient recovery from secondary resources, such as wastewater, has received increasing attention in recent years. Nutrient cycle sustainability and recycling approaches are important measures under development and considerations. This paper aims to present an overview of routes and technologies for nutrient recovery from sewage sludge and measures for improving their sustainability. First, current routes for nutrient recovery from sewage sludge are briefly reviewed. Next, an overview of commercial nutrient recovery technologies, projects, and emerging techniques around the world with the key factors for a successful phosphorus recovery technology is presented. Finally, a proposal for improving the sustainability of these practices is presented. It is concluded that the gap between demand and supply can be a major driver for the shift from ‘removal and treat’ to ‘recovery and reuse’. Moreover, there is not, and will never be, a one-size-fits-all solution. Future strategies and roadmaps need to be adapted to the local economy and geographical context more than ever.
Effectiveness of Online Digital Media Advertising as A Strategic Tool for Building Brand Sustainability: Evidence from FMCGs and Services Sectors of Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Rizwan Raheem , Streimikiene Dalia , Berchtold Gerhard , Vveinhardt Jolita , Channar Zahid Ali , Soomro Riaz Hussain
Published: June 2019

The purpose of the undertaken study is to examine the effectiveness of online digital media advertising as a strategic tool for building brand sustainability. For this purpose, we investigate the impact of different channels of online media, such as email marketing, mobile phone marketing, search engine optimization and companies’ websites, and social media marketing for the effectiveness of online digital media advertising. Moreover, the researchers have introduced eight mediating variables and six moderating variables to examine the impact between exogenous variables and online digital media advertising (endogenous). The researchers have taken 910 responses through a modified questionnaire and employed quantitative research methods, such as the structural equation modeling, exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analyses, and Hayes process approach for examining the mediation and moderation amongst the variables. The results of direct impact have demonstrated that all of the channels of digital media advertising have a positive and significant influence on the effectiveness of online digital media that creates brand sustainability for fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) and services sectors of Pakistan. The outcomes of hypotheses pertaining to the mediating and moderating effects of different variables have shown the significant influence between exogenous variables and endogenous variable. The results of the undertaken study are beneficial for the existing literature that provides the basic foil for future research studies. Moreover, the results have significant industrial implications for the marketers and digital media managers that they can devise effective media and marketing strategies to maintain optimum market share and competitive advantages.
Analytical Solution of Ground Stress Induced by Shallow Tunneling with Arbitrary Distributed Loads on Ground Surface
Authors: Li Zejun , Wang Jianchen , Han Kaihang
Published: June 2019

The impact of shallow tunnel construction on the surrounding environment is often considered as a symmetric half-plane problem with circular holes. In this research, the analytical solutions of the ground stresses and displacements of a shallow circular tunnel in an elastic half-plane under arbitrary distributed loads on ground surface were derived, based on the complex variable method. Then, an application was implemented to analyze the potential plastic zone induced by shallow tunneling adjacent to the ground surface structures. The verification of the results obtained from the proposed analytical prediction model was carried out using the numerical simulations. Additionally, the influences of different boundary condition (different magnitudes and ranges of arbitrary distributed loads and different symmetric boundary conditions of the tunnel perimeter) on the distribution characteristics of the potential plastic zones were analyzed. In general, the results showed that the larger the pile loads and the closer the relative position between the tunnel and distributed loads, the more distinct the coalesced trends of the potential plastic zones around the tunnel and the potential plastic zones around the distributed loads.
Inference about the Ratio of the Coefficients of Variation of Two Independent Symmetric or Asymmetric Populations
Authors: Yue Zhang , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: June 2019

Coefficient of variation (CV) is a simple but useful statistical tool to make comparisons about the independent populations in many research areas. In this study, firstly, we proposed the asymptotic distribution for the ratio of the CVs of two separate symmetric or asymmetric populations. Then, we derived the asymptotic confidence interval and test statistic for hypothesis testing about the ratio of the CVs of these populations. Finally, the performance of the introduced approach was studied through simulation study.
An In-Silico Sequence-Structure-Function Analysis of the N-Terminal Lobe in CT Group Bacterial ADP-Ribosyltransferase Toxins
Authors: Lugo Miguel R. , Merrill A. Rod
Published: June 2019

The C3-like toxins are single-domain proteins that represent a minimal mono-ADP-ribosyl transferase (mART) enzyme with a simple model scaffold for the entire cholera toxin (CT)-group. These proteins possess a single (A-domain) that modifies Rho proteins. In contrast, C2-like toxins require a binding/translocation partner (B-component) for intoxication. These are A-only toxins that contain the E-x-E motif, modify G-actin, but are two-domains with a C-domain possessing enzymatic activity. The N-domain of the C2-like toxins is unstructured, and its function is currently unknown. A sequence-structure-function comparison was performed on the N-terminal region of the mART domain of the enzymatic component of the CT toxin group in the CATCH fold (3.90.210.10). Special consideration was given to the N-domain distal segment, the α-lobe (α1–α4), and its different roles in these toxin sub-groups. These results show that the role of the N-terminal α-lobe is to provide a suitable configuration (i) of the α2–α3 helices to feature the α3-motif that has a role in NAD+ substrate binding and possibly in the interaction with the protein target; (ii) the α3–α4 helices to provide the α3/4-loop with protein-protein interaction capability; and (iii) the α1-Ntail that features specialized motif(s) according to the toxin type (A-only or A-B toxins) exhibiting an effect on the catalytic activity via the ARTT-loop, with a role in the inter-domain stability, and with a function in the binding and/or translocation steps during the internalization process.
Structural Domains of the Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Af Protein Unraveled by Tryptic Digestion of Alanine Mutants
Authors: Quan Yudong , Ferré Juan
Published: June 2019

Vip3 proteins are increasingly used in insect control in transgenic crops. To shed light on the structure of these proteins, we used the approach of the trypsin fragmentation of mutants altering the conformation of the Vip3Af protein. From an alanine scanning of Vip3Af, we selected mutants with an altered proteolytic pattern. Based on protease digestion patterns, their effect on oligomer formation, and theoretical cleavage sites, we generated a map of the Vip3Af protein with five domains which match some of the domains proposed independently by two in silico models. Domain I ranges amino acids (aa) 12–198, domain II aa199–313, domain III aa314–526, domain IV aa527–668, and domain V aa669–788. The effect of some mutations on the ability to form a tetrameric molecule revealed that domains I–II are required for tetramerization, while domain V is not. The involvement of domain IV in the tetramer formation is not clear. Some mutations distributed from near the end of domain I up to the end of domain II affect the stability of the first three domains of the protein and destroy the tetrameric form upon trypsin treatment. Because of the high sequence similarity among Vip3 proteins, we propose that our domain map can be extended to the Vip3 family of proteins.
Impacts of Spatial Heterogeneity and Temporal Non-Stationarity on Intensity-Duration-Frequency Estimates—A Case Study in a Mountainous California-Nevada Watershed
Authors: Ren Huiying , Hou Z. Jason , Wigmosta Mark , Liu Ying , Leung L. Ruby
Published: June 2019

Changes in extreme precipitation events may require revisions of civil engineering standards to prevent water infrastructures from performing below the designated guidelines. Climate change may invalidate the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) computation that is based on the assumption of data stationarity. Efforts in evaluating non-stationarity in the annual maxima series are inadequate, mostly due to the lack of long data records and convenient methods for detecting trends in the higher moments. In this study, using downscaled high resolution climate simulations of the historical and future periods under different carbon emission scenarios, we tested two solutions to obtain reliable IDFs under non-stationarity: (1) identify quasi-stationary time windows from the time series of interest to compute the IDF curves using data for the corresponding time windows; (2) introduce a parameter representing the trend in the means of the extreme value distributions. Focusing on a mountainous site, the Walker Watershed, the spatial heterogeneity and variability of IDFs or extremes are evaluated, particularly in terms of the terrain and elevation impacts. We compared observations-based IDFs that use the stationarity assumption with the two approaches that consider non-stationarity. The IDFs directly estimated based on the traditional stationarity assumption may underestimate the 100-year 24-h events by 10% to 60% towards the end of the century at most grids, resulting in significant under-designing of the engineering infrastructure at the study site. Strong spatial heterogeneity and variability in the IDF estimates suggest a preference for using high resolution simulation data for the reliable estimation of exceedance probability over data from sparsely distributed weather stations. Discrepancies among the three IDFs analyses due to non-stationarity are comparable to the spatial variability of the IDFs, underscoring a need to use an ensemble of non-stationary approaches to achieve unbiased and comprehensive IDF estimates.
A Model for Selecting the Most Cost-Effective Pressure Control Device for More Sustainable Water Supply Networks
Authors: García Irene Fernández , Novara Daniele , Mc Nabola Aonghus
Published: June 2019

Pressure Reducing Valves (PRV) have been widely used as a device to control pressure at nodes in water distribution networks and thus reduce leakages. However, an energy dissipation takes place during PRV operation. Thus, micro-hydropower turbines and, more precisely, Pump As Turbines (PAT) could be used as both leakage control and energy generating devices, thus contributing to a more sustainable water supply network. Studies providing clear guidelines for the determination of the most cost-effective device (PRV or PAT) analysing a wide database and considering all the costs involved, the water saving and the eventual power generation, have not been carried out to date. A model to determine the most cost-effective device has been developed, taking into account the Net Present Value (NPV). The model has been applied to two case studies: A database with 156 PRVs sites located in the UK; and a rural water supply network in Ireland with three PRVs. The application of the model showed that although the investment cost associated to the PRV installation is lower in the majority of cases, the NPV over the lifespan of the PAT is higher than the NPV associated with the PRV operation. Furthermore, the ratio between the NPV and the water saved over the lifespan of the PAT/PRV also offered higher values (from 6% to 29%) for the PAT installation, making PATs a more cost-effective and more sustainable means of pressure control in water distribution networks. Finally, the development of less expensive turbines and/or PATs adapted to work under different flow-head conditions will tip the balance toward the installation of these devices even further.
PERAN UKM DAN KOPERASI DALAM MEWUJUDKAN EKONOMI KERAKYATAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Kader Mukhtar Abdul
Published: June 2019

Secara ideologis, masalah utama yang dihadapi bangsa Indonesia adalah bagaimana membangun sistem ekonomi yang sesuai dengan cita-cita tolong menolong. Pertanyaan ideologis tersebut terjawab bahwa dasar perekonomian yang sesuai dengan cita-cita tolong menolong ialah koperasi. Koperasi mendahulukan keperluan bersama dan menomorduakan kepentingan individual. Oleh karena itu, koperasi harus memiliki fungsi mendidik masyarakat dalam hal mengurus kepentingan bersama. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif karena penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk memperoleh jawaban yang terkait dengan pendapat, tanggapan atau persepsi seseorang sehingga pembahasannya harus secara kualitatif atau menggunakan uraian kata-kata. “Penelitian deskriptif mencoba mencari deskripsi yang tepat dan cukup dari semua aktivitas, objek, proses, dan manusia”. (Sulistyo-Basuki, 2010:110). Sifatnya hanya memberikan informasi yaitu dengan cara mengumpulkan informasi dari berbagai sumber yakni literatur-literatur, jurnal-jurnal, pendapat para ahli, buku-buku dan sumber-sumber lainnya.Ekonomi kerakyatan merupakan sistem ekonomi yang berbasis pada kekuatan ekonomi rakyat. Dimana ekonomi rakyat sendiri adalah sebagai kegiatan ekonomi atau usaha yang dilakukan oleh rakyat kebanyakan (popular) yang dengan secara swadaya mengelola sumberdaya ekonomi apa saja yang dapat diusahakan dan dikuasainya, yang selanjutnya disebut sebagai Usaha Kecil dan Menegah (UKM). Dalam Pasal 33 UUD 1945, sistem perekonomian yang ditujukan untuk mewujudkan kedaulatan rakyat dalam bidang ekonomi. Selanjutnya oleh Pasal 27 ayat 2 dan Pasal 34, peran negara dalam sistem ekonomi kerakyatan antara lain meliputi lima hal sebagai berikut: (1) mengembangkan koperasi (2) mengembangkan BUMN; (3) memastikan pemanfaatan bumi, air, dan segala kekayaan yang terkandung didalamnya bagi sebesar-besarnya kemakmuran rakyat; (4) memenuhi hak setiap warga negara untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan dan penghidupan yang layak; (5) memelihara fakir miskin dan anak terlantar.UKM dan Koperasi yang memiliki daya saing yang tinggi, yakni : (a) mempunyai keluwesan (fleksibilitas); (b) memiliki produktivitas tinggi; dan (c) dikelola dengan menerapkan prinsip-prinsip manajemen dan kaidah ekonomi modern, akan mampu melaksanakan Sistem ekonomi kerakyatan, fungsi dan perannya secara optimal dalam perekonomian nasional, sesuai dengan amanat UUD 1945 Pasal 33.Kata Kunci : UKM, Koperasi, Ekonomi Kerakyatan
RANCANGAN INSTRUMEN PENGUKURAN KINERJA PEGAWAI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN HUMAN RESOURCES SCORECARD DALAM RANGKA MENINGKATKAN KINERJA ORGANISASI (Studi Kasus pada Taman Lalu Lintas – Ade Irma Suryani Nasution Bandung)
Authors: Achmad Asep Zulkifli
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris mengenai ”Rancangan Instrumen Pengukuran Kinerja Pegawai Dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Human Resources Scorecard dalam rangka meningkatkan Kinerja Organisasi (Studi Kasus pada Taman Lalu Lintas – Ade Irma Suryani Nasution Bandung)”. Penelitian ini diharapkan juga memberikan sumbangan dalam aspek praktis (daya guna) yaitu masukan kepada pihak manajemen Taman Lalu Lintas AISN Bandung, atau institusi lain yang sejenis dalam melakukan implementasi dan kebijakan serta pengambilan keputusan terutama yang berkaitan dengan masalah kinerja sumber daya manusia dalam rangka peningkatan citra dan peningkatan fungsi lembaga / perusahaan.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan  data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Pengumpulan data di lapangan dilaksanakan pada tahun 2016.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pencapaian kinerja pegawai Taman Lalu Lintas berada dalam kriteria kinerja kurang baik. Faktor penghambat pengukuran kinerja pegawai di Taman Lalu Lintas Bandung yaitu pelatihan, pengalaman, pendapatan, kepemimpinan, supervisi, pengembangan karir, uraian tugas, dan metode penilaian kinerja. Faktor penting dalam implementasi Human Resources Scorecard yaitu rekrutmen karyawan yang memiliki kompetensi yang sesuai, meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan internal. Kata Kunci : Human Resources Scorecard,  Kinerja pegawai, Kinerja Organisasi
CONSULTA DE NUTRICIÓN Una parte del quehacer diario.
Authors: Zúñiga Quesada Jeannette
Published: June 2019

Cuando trabajamos en comunidad es difícil olvidar las atenciones de la gente y el arraigo que hay en nuestro país por el ofrecer un “bocadito“o un “gallito “al visitante, dejando latente que mostramos amor por medio de la alimentación. De ahí que en ocasiones nuestra labor de fomentar buenos hábitos de alimentación se veaobstaculizada por ese afán de las abuelitas de ver cachetones a sus nietos, con la falsa idea que el niño gordito es el niño saludable. O de darle caldo de frijol con guineo, para quitarles la anemia.
Pausas Activas
Authors: Alfaro Gurrola Silvia
Published: June 2019

Las pausas activas son una serie de actividades y acciones que les permiten a diferentes partes delcuerpo un cambio en su rutina habitual. Debemos descartarlas como interrupciones laborales y por el contrario verlas como períodos de recuperación que se hacen durante la jornada de trabajo; para recuperar la energía, disminuir el estrés y mejorar el desempeño y eficiencia en las labores. Está comprobado que la inactividad física aumentael número de incapacidades, no sólo en cuanto a su frecuencia sino también en cuanto a su duración; alterando la dinámica para el trabajador y la empresa
CAMPOS ELECTROMAGNÉTICOS Y SALUD PÚBLICA: TELÉFONOS MÓVILES.
Authors: Vega Molina José
Published: June 2019

En vista de que ya la OMS desde hace unos años ha venido investigando el rol de los campos electromagneticos (CEM) en la vida de los humanos ya se puede reunir alguna informacion con respecto a la relacion del uso de celulares con la generacion de tumores en cabeza y cuello y sobre todo se ha establecido ciertas recomendaciones para la poblacion en general .Con respecto a los campos electromagnetico y la Salud la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) creó en 1996 el Proyecto Internacional CEM para evaluar las pruebas científicas de los posibles efectos sobre la salud de los CEM en el intervalo de frecuencia de 0 a 300 GHz.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NO.96 TAHUN 2012 TENTANG PELAYAAN PUBLIK DI PEMERINTAHAN KECAMATAN PASARWAJO KABUPATEN BUTON SULAWESI TENGGARA (STUDI PERBANDINGAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN PUBLIK SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PENERAPANYA)
Authors: Gazalin Junaid
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1). Untuk mengetahui Penerapan Peraturan Pemerintah No.96 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pelayaan Publik  di Pemerintahan Kecamatan Pasarwajo. Untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Penerapan Peraturan Pemerintah No.96 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pelayaan Publik  di Pemerintahan Kecamatan Pasarwajo.

Penelitian menjelaskan bahwa proses serta kualitas pelayanan publik, dalam hal ini pengurusan pengantar admnistrasi, KK, Akta Jual Beli Tanah, Akte Lahir, IMB dan SIU bagi warga masyarakat di Kantor Kecamatan Pasarwajo Kabupaten Buton sebelum diterapkan PP 96 Tahun 2012, pada umumnya kurang memuaskan dan masih perlu untuk ditingkatkan. Setelah peraturan tersebut diterapkan dengan menata kembali sistem pelayanan sesuai dengan standar operasional pelayanan publik, maka proses dan mekanisme pelayanan publik bagi warga masyarakat setempat telah berjalan lancar. kualitas pelayanan publik menjadi lebih baik. Terutama mengenai kemudahan pelayanan, kecepatan waktu pelayanan, keramah-tamahan aparat, transparansi biaya, tingkat produktivitas pelayanan, efisiensi dan efektivitas pelayanan publik. Hal ini dicapai karena camat membenahi persyaratan berkas yang disiapkan, kejelasan informasi prosedur, mekanisme dan alur yang harus dilalui, tranparansi biaya dan waktu pengurusan. Penyelesaian pelayanan publik yang cepat seringkali beriringan dengan beban biaya pelayanan, untuk itu proses ini perlu dirubah pelan-pelan melalui pembiasaan oleh aparat untuk bekerja profesional.
Pengaruh Perkawinan Usia Muda Terhadap Pola Asuh Keluarga Di Kota Baubau
Authors: Nurbaena Wa Ode Wati
Published: June 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini menaruh pokok kajian pada dinamika perkawinan usia muda dan implikasi yang sering menjadi keluhan dan masalah yang ditemui beberapa tahun ini. Disisi lain, kajian ini juga menaruh perhatian lebih pada peran dari pemerintah daerah dalam memberikan pengawasan dan pembinaan pada kejadian pernikahan usia muda khususnya di Kota Baubau. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hal ini menjadi alasan untuk menggunakan metode kualitatif adalah sejalan dengan tujuan penelitian ini yang ingin mendapatkan data deskriptif berupa lisan atau kata-kata dari gejala yang diamati atau diteliti. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di  atas, mengenai faktor-faktor pendorong, dampak-dampak dan bentuk pola asuh keluarga dalam pasangan yang menikah pada usia muda,  dipengaruhi oleh adanya tekanan pada beberapa faktor diantaranya adalah faktor ekonomi, faktor orang tua, faktor pendidikan, faktor diri sendiri dan faktor adat setempat.
Aproximación conceptual al proceso de realimentación en la educación virtual
Authors: Sánchez Ceballos Lina María , Puerta Gil Carlos Augusto
Published: June 2019

El presente artículo, resultado de investigación del proyecto “análisis lingüístico de la realimentación en ambientes virtuales educativos” en dos cursos virtuales (“Cultura y sociedad latinoamericana” del programa Comunicación Social y “Didáctica General” del programa Educación, de la Fundación Universitaria Católica del Norte), a través del uso de diferentes estrategias discursivas y lingüísticas, tiene el propósito de proponer estrategias pedagógicas que posibiliten mejorar esta práctica educativa.
Evaluación Diagnóstica Inicial en programas de Educación Superior Virtual de la Católica del Norte Fundación Universitaria. Estudio Cuasiexperimental
Authors: Restrepo Gómez Bernardo , Román Maldonado Carlos , Londoño Giraldo Eliana , Ramírez González Dora , Ospina Ospina Alexánder
Published: June 2019

El propósito del artículo es evaluar los efectos de la evaluación diagnóstica inicial sobre el rendimiento académico en cursos de Psicología e Ingeniería Informática de la Católica del Norte Fundación Universitaria. Se planteó un diseño cuasi-experimental pretest-postest con grupo control, puesto que son grupos intactos ya constituidos, no seleccionados aleatoriamente.
La lectura crítica en la educación superior: un estado de la cuestión
Authors: Méndez Rendón Juan Camilo , Espinal Patiño Carolina , Arbeláez Vera Diana Cristina , Gómez Gómez Jair Arturo , Serna Aristizábal Camilo
Published: June 2019

El propósito de este texto es presentar un rastreo bibliográfico sobre estudios, investigaciones y reflexiones que indaguen por la lectura desde el enfoque crítico. Las fuentes que hacen parte de este documento provienen de dos espacios: las bases de datos académicas, por una parte, y de una serie de libros que entre teoría, reflexión e indagación arrojan luces sobre el tema en cuestión, por la otra. Nuestro interés es verificar el estado de cosas acerca de la lectura crítica en la universidad, centrando nuestras preguntas en la lectura física y la lectura en internet. No obstante, en el creciente interés de los investigadores por el tema de la lectura en distintos ámbitos y desde diversos enfoques, se está muy lejos de llegar a un consenso en términos conceptuales acerca de lo que es la lectura, y sobre todo de lo que es la lectura crítica.
Fauna silvestre en Colombia: entre la ilegalidad y las oportunidades del comercio internacional en la CITES
Authors: Valencia González Catherine
Published: June 2019

El artículo identifica las oportunidades colombianas de comercialización sostenible de faunasilvestre, en el marco de la Convención sobre el Comercio Internacional de Especies Amenaza-das de Fauna y Flora Silvestres –CITES–. Para ello, se hace una revisión de la legislación CITES yla normatividad colombiana para su implementación; además, se muestran cifras del comerciolegal y se identifican orígenes y destinos del tráfico nacional de especies vivas. Como resulta-dos relevantes se resaltan: las reexportaciones son una oportunidad, a través de la importacióntemporal de pieles, en tanto permiten realizar procesos de curtiembre, manufactura o marro-quinería de cueros de reptiles o anfibios; los encadenamientos productivos, en el marco deacuerdos internacionales, pueden ser una oportunidad de diversificar la canasta exportadorade ciertos departamentos, con antecedentes de tráfico de especies; y la importancia deconsiderar el rol de Bogotá como aglutinador de la reconversión económica de la actividadilegal, y como fuente regulatoria del comercio legal de especies vivas.
ASPEK HUKUM PERJANJIAN WARALABA (FRANCHISE) DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PERDATA DAN HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Idrus Norman Syahdar
Published: June 2019

Trade in Indonesia currently dominated by trade in goods and services which is a collaboration between Indonesia businessmen and foreign businessmen, or between Indonesia businessmen and Indonesian businessmen.Initially the franchise is a business concept concerning the granting of intellectual property rights and operational system by the franchisor to the franchisee which then becomes the legal institution that regulates a legal relationship between the franchisor and the franshisee set forth in a franchise agreement as first set in Act number 9 of 1995 concerning Small Business. The focus of this study intends to discuss franchise agreements in the perspective of civil law and Islamic law that aimesto achieve benefit for mankind.
HUBUNGAN PENERAPAN PERATURAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 2 TAHUN 2012 DENGAN KEADILAN BAGI TERDAKWA (Kajian terhadap putusan pengadilan mengenai perkara pencurian ringan)
Authors: Baried Rizky Ramadhan
Published: June 2019

Regulation of Indonesian Supreme Court Number 2 years 2012 has an interesting dynamic application, in first of two years after applied, court still view it as a regulation in socialiszation period, with the result that unsuccessful applied. Since in 2014, it started to be applied, even it started by police investigation, until based on authority from prosecutor, investigator can bestow light stealing case to court by way of rapid judicial procedure. By thus defendant’s right, that is gain a rapid judicial procedure, simple, and cheap has ful fill based on juridical practice.
TRANSFORMASI UPAYA ADMINISTRATIF DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA KEPEGAWAIAN
Authors: Marbun Robinsar
Published: June 2019

Civil Service dispute is a dispute/dispute arising as a result of the stipulation of a State Administrative Decision in the field of personnel by the Authorized Body or Official regarding the position, obligation, right and guidance of Civil Servants. While Administrative Efforts is a procedure that can be taken by Civil Servants who are not satisfied with disciplinary punishment imposed on him in the form of objection or administrative appeal. The objection itself is an administrative effort that can be taken by the Disgruntled Civil Servant against disciplinary punishment imposed by the competent authority to punish the superior officer in charge of punishment. For Administrative Appeals alone it is an administrative undertaking that a disgruntled  Civil Servant may take with respect to disciplinary punishment in the form of dismissal with respect not on his own request or dismissal with respect as a Civil Servant imposed by a punitive authority to the Employment Advisory Board