bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Mortality on Estimating the Risk of Kidney Failure in People with Stage 4 CKD
Authors: Ravani Pietro , Fiocco Marta , Liu Ping , Quinn Robert R. , Hemmelgarn Brenda , James Matthew , Lam Ngan , Manns Braden , Oliver Matthew J. , Strippoli Giovanni F.M. , Tonelli Marcello
Published: September 2019

Significance Statement

Risk calculators are widely used to predict kidney failure in people with CKD. These tools represent major advances compared with reporting eGFR alone because they provide objective risk assessment. These calculators are based on analysis methods that censor for death, which may result in overestimation of the risk of kidney failure. By analyzing data on a large population of patients with stage 4 CKD, the authors show that kidney failure risk estimates that censor for death consistently exceed the estimates from analyses that treat death as a competing risk, by 1%–27% at 5 years. Risk overestimation with methods that censor for death increases over time and is higher in people with more comorbidities. Not treating death as a competing risk in the risk calculator leads to overestimates of the risk of kidney failure in people with stage 4 CKD, which could have negative psychological effects on patients or contribute to overtreatment.

Background

Most kidney failure risk calculators are based on methods that censor for death. Because mortality is high in people with severe, nondialysis-dependent CKD, censoring for death may overestimate their risk of kidney failure.

Methods

Using 2002–2014 population-based laboratory and administrative data for adults with stage 4 CKD in Alberta, Canada, we analyzed the time to the earliest of kidney failure, death, or censoring, using methods that censor for death and methods that treat death as a competing event factoring in age, sex, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, eGFR, and albuminuria. Stage 4 CKD was defined as a sustained eGFR of 15–30 ml/min per 1.73 m2.

Results

Of the 30,801 participants (106,447 patient-years at risk; mean age 77 years), 18% developed kidney failure and 53% died. The observed risk of the combined end point of death or kidney failure was 64% at 5 years and 87% at 10 years. By comparison, standard risk calculators that censored for death estimated these risks to be 76% at 5 years and >100% at 7.5 years. Censoring for death increasingly overestimated the risk of kidney failure over time from 7% at 5 years to 19% at 10 years, especially in people at higher risk of death. For example, the overestimation of 5-year absolute risk ranged from 1% in a woman without diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or albuminuria and with an eGFR of 25 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (9% versus 8%), to 27% in a man with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, albuminuria >300 mg/d, and an eGFR of 20 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (78% versus 51%).

Conclusions

Kidney failure risk calculators should account for death as a competing risk to increase their accuracy and utility for patients and providers.
Detection of virulent thermophilic Campylobacter species in communal chickens
Authors: Bissong Marie E.A. , Ateba Collins N.
Published: September 2019

Campylobacter is a foodborne pathogen found in the gut of poultry and other animals, which thereby act as reservoirs for human infection. Campylobacter produces various virulence factors which contribute to the establishment of disease. The aim of this study was to detect virulence genes in Campylobacter isolated from chicken faeces. A total of 408 poultry cloacal samples were analysed through culture, PCR and DNA sequencing. Campylobacter were detected in 24 (5.9 %) of the samples, of which 21 were C. jejuni while 3 were C. coli. The cdtB gene was detected in all Campylobacter isolates while cdtA and cdtC genes were detected in 20 (83.3%) and 18 (75.0%) of the isolates, respectively. The cadF gene was detected in 18 (85.7%) C. jejuni but not in C. coli. Eight genotypes designated G1 to G8 were detected among the isolates. Genotypes G1 and G7 possessed all three cdt genes, a potential for producing functionally active toxins. A large proportion (70.8%) of the isolates possessed both genes for toxin production and adhesion. The high prevalence of cdt and cadF genes in Campylobacter species in this study indicates the pathogenic potential of the isolates. There is a need to implement control measures to curb the spread of these virulent strains.

Significance:

Virulent thermophilic campylobacters cause severe health complications in humans.

Although chicken meat is the main source of human infections, there is limited data on the occurrence of Campylobacter in chicken faeces in southern Africa.

This study adds to literature on the occurrence of virulent strains of Campylobacter species, notably through the deposition of the DNA sequences of our local strains into GenBank®.

Communal chickens may serve as a source of virulent thermophilic campylobacters to humans, resulting in serious public health implications.

Open data sets: 

MF872608 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MF872608.1 MF872609 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MF872609.1MF872610 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MF872610.1MF872611 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MF872611.1MF872612 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MF872612.1
A first assessment of glyphosate, 2,4-D and Cry proteins in surface water of South Africa
Authors: Horn Suranie , Pieters Rialet , Bøhn Thomas
Published: September 2019

Agriculture plays a vital role in the South African economy, as well as in the production of maize for food. Genetically modified maize is transformed to encode for crystalline (Cry) proteins found in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and is referred to as Bt maize. Ingestion of specific Cry proteins causes the death of target insects that cause harm to maize plants. Bt crops, along with herbicides such as glyphosate and 2,4-dichloro- phenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), are widely adopted as part of the South African farming regime that aims to increase crop yield and reduce costs of production. As chemical compounds used in agriculture often end up in water sources, their presence should be monitored. There are many such monitoring programmes worldwide, but not in South Africa. We screened surface water sources in a maize-dominated agricultural area in the North West Province in South Africa for the presence of Cry1Ab, glyphosate and 2,4-D using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Cry1Ab was not detected at any site; glyphosate was below the limit of detection at most of the sites but one sample had quantifiable traces of glyphosate; and 2,4-D was detected at all the sites. The concentrations of 2,4-D exceeded those for drinking water according to European guidelines, thus highlighting the need for regular monitoring of these compounds. Many people depend on untreated water resources, which may be contaminated by toxic agricultural chemicals. This report is the first on levels of these target compounds in South African water systems.

Significance:

This report is the first on the presence of glyphosate, 2,4-D and Cry1Ab in the South African aquatic environment.

Concentrations of 2,4-D in South African surface waters exceed the European guideline for drinking water, indicating a risk to people using these water sources.

These preliminary results highlight the need to regularly monitor for the presence of glyphosate, 2,4-D and Cry1Ab in water resources in South Africa.
Cryostat Sectioning of Tissues for 3D Multimodal Molecular Imaging v1
Authors: Anderson David , Neumann Elizabeth , Allen Jamie , Brewer Maya , Gutierrez Danielle , Spraggins Jeff
Published: September 2019

Scope: Protocol for sectioning flash frozen tissue that can be used for 3D IMS or MxIF experiments. Expected Outcome: Serial sections from a tissue that IMS and MxIF can be performed on with subsequent 3D reconstruction
The Security Aspects of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in Relations with Germany and Austria-Hungary in March-April 1918
Authors: Nazarchuk Olexander , Satskyi Pavlo
Published: September 2019

In this article the research of the problem of the relations between the government of Ukrainian People’s Republic and the leadership of German occupational troops in the support of the transport system work and the post-offices in the period of time of March-April 1918 has been made. The study is based on archival documents that cover the position of the leaders of the Ukrainian People’s Republic with respect to the German command’s measures to ensure the operation of transport and communication as well as the financial aspects of relations with the German occupation command. The collapse of the financial system of the former Russian Empire and the military breakup led to a difficult situation with the railway and the post offices. However, the stable work of these institutions was a principal question for the security of Ukrainian People’s Republic as well as for the German occupational leadership. The most acute aspect was the question of paying salaries to the railway employees as well as to the employees of the post offices. Disregarding this question could lead to strikes. The German leadership suggested to pay salaries to the employees of the railway and the post offices on their own, but this offer was categorically rejected by Ukrainian People’s Republic because it could have led to the absence of security in the country. More over, over the problem of the functioning of the transport system and the communication system the complicated negotiations between the government of Ukrainian People’s Republic and German representatives in terms of the loan took place. Trade, financial and credit relations between the UPR and Germany and Austria-Hungary should have been built around the problem of compensation payments to postal and railway workers. In March-April 1918 the fight between the government of Ukrainian People Republic and the leadership of the German occupational troops over the actual influence on the transport and communication system in Ukrainian People’s Republic took place. In fact, the question of the right for the sovereignty arose for the Council of Ministers of Ukrainian People’s Republic to make the fundamentals of the state security of Ukraine independently. The problems of relations between the UPR government and the occupation command requires a deeper study in view of their practical importance, in particular, in the context of consistent formation of inter-state relations in the finance, transport, and communication sectors as a phenomenon prevailing in the 20th century.
Inadmissible appeals of citizens: problems of qualification and law enforcement practice
Authors: Zaykov D. E.
Published: September 2019

The right of citizens to appeal to State bodies (local self-government bodies) and freedom of speech are important constitutional institutions. However, their unscrupulous implementation may violate other constitutional values, such as the dignity, honour and good reputation of the individual.

The conflict under consideration manifests itself when inadmissible appeals of citizens are submitted, namely, appeals containing unacceptable expressions or threats. At the same time, the current legal regulation of such situations is unsettled and contains in its basis assessment criteria, which leads to ambiguous practice of its application based on discretionary approach.

The article reveals the problems of legal regulation of qualification of inadmissible appeals of citizens and suggests ways of their solution.
Lobbying as the main factor of influencing the process of development of parliamentary conciliation procedures
Authors: Bekmuradov K. A.
Published: September 2019

The article analyzes lobbying activities, as well as lobbying as a factor in the development of parliamentary conciliation procedures. The author examines various legal and non-legal factors influencing different institutions of constitutional law including parliamentary conciliation procedures. The article provides the provisions of normative legal acts of the Russian Federation that form the basis for institutionalization of lobbying activity in Russia. Various instruments of institutionalization of lobbying in Russia are considered. The practice of lobbying is subject to research. The auther determines specific institutions of lobbyists’ influence used by them in their activity. The paper represents opinions of scholars and practitioners whose views are directed to parliamentarism in general and lobbyism in particular. The article contains definitions of lobbying and lobbying activities. According to the results of the analysis, the author identifies the main problems of the impact the lobbying activity has on parliamentary conciliation procedures, gives proposals for improvement of the normative and legal regulation and the primary elimination of the negative impact of lobbying on parliamentary conciliation procedures.
New types of the partnership agreement in the context of collective use of goods and services (sharing economy)
Authors: Poduzova E. B.
Published: September 2019

The modern socio-economic context of shared consumption (sharing economy) sets new goals and objectives of using joint activities.

The article presents the main theoretical and practical problems of types of the partnership agreement as an organizational agreement, forms of organization and conduct of joint activity.

The article is prepared with due regard to the reform of contract law of the Russian Federation, new trends in the science of civil law and in law enforcement practice. Also, the article takes into account the jurisprudence that contains new approaches to the interpretation of an obligation and agreement under consideration. In this regard, the decisions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (for example, the Decision dated March 24, 2016 No. 7 “On Application by Courts of Certain Provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation Concerning the Breach of the Obligations,» 22 November 2016 No. 54 “On Certain Issues of Application of General Provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on Obligations and Their Performance”) are subjected to thorough examination.

Particular attention is paid to the legal nature, constitutional features of certain types of the partnership agreement, their manifestations in modern civil legislation and practice of application.
Spread of criminal anti-culture among young people
Authors: Bochkareva E. V.
Published: September 2019

The author proves the appropriateness of the application of the term “anti-culture” rather than “subculture” and for the first time proposes the introduction of the term “outculture”, which denotes the process of adopting values that are contrary to generally accepted ones. Based on the analysis of criminal anti-culture, the author proposes to apply an integrated approach aimed at developing a number of personal resources in minors that create a psychological basis for opposing the imposition and adoption of criminal ideology; toughening responsibility for involving minors in antisocial activities; Clause 5, Article 29 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation with the aim of the possibility of applying censorship in relation to the propaganda and romanticization of the attributes of the criminal world; propaganda of family values and patriotism; effective implementation of the concept of state family policy in the Russian Federation; improving the educational level of law enforcement officers in the field of developmental psychology, as well as youth groups; ensuring the availability of leisure for minors (the introduction of free circles and sections, involving minors in public life); state support for social projects that contribute to the formation of active citizenship and law-abiding behavior among young people, ensuring a targeted approach to these projects. The conducted scientific research allows us to study in more detail the phenomenon of criminal anti-culture, as well as draw conclusions about the possibility of introducing a number of preventive measures, which will reduce the level of deviant behavior in the youth environment.
The right to a favorable environment as a constitutional and environmental right
Authors: Krasnova I. O.
Published: September 2019

The legal uncertainty of the right to a favorable environment revealed by science is noted, which impedes its implementation. Two positions of scientists are analyzed — recognizing the right to a favorable environment as a subjective right and as a legitimate interest. As the right to a favorable environment is proclaimed in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and enshrined in environmental legislation, the author comes to the conclusion about the double legal nature of law. As a subjective right, it is directly enshrined in the Law “On Environmental Protection” and extends to a narrow circle of environmental relations to ensure environmental quality, and as a constitutional one, it expresses public, public interests enshrined in the preambles and principles of laws, in political and legal acts.
Irregularity of the 'ie' spellings in West Saxon English: Remarks on variation in third-person pronouns
Authors: Condorelli Marco
Published: September 2019

Orthographic consistency was rarely maintained in most Old English varieties, because the language system was relatively new and spelling norms took time to develop.While full standardisation is never expected in Old English, the understanding of factors underlying patterns of regularity and irregularity are paramount for a full grasp of issues pertaining to authorship, textuality and other linguistic and non-linguistic levels of analysis. These notes explore spelling irregularity in material from West Saxon dialects, bringing comparative examples of variation in spelling between early West Saxon (eWS)  and late West Saxon (lWS) . West Saxon generally stands up for its emphasis on some degree of orthographic standardisation and yet appears to display interesting patterns of variation. The focus of my notes will be on particular instances of spelling inconsistencies, with special attention to a specific category of words where  appears to vary more frequently, namely third-person pronouns. For my exploratory analysis, various witnesses of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (i.e. examples of eWS and lWS texts) were compared. The data was collected from different sections of an orthography-friendly edition of four different manuscripts, MSA (Bately 1986), MSB (Taylor 1983), MSC (O’Brien O’Keefe 2001) and MSD (Cubbin 1996), and compared with digital copies of the original manuscripts. The latter part of these notes points to some of the factors which could explain the features detected, with an exhortation for future researchers to build on some of the ideas proposed and explore new territory.Keywords: Old English; spelling; pronouns; variation; early West Saxon; late West Saxon
Reproductive health status of women in the matrilineal tribes of Meghalaya: a field-based quantitative study
Authors: Mavelil Sunny Joseph , Srivastava Subhash Chandra
Published: September 2019

Background: Reproductive health of the tribal women in India is less studied and the present study attempts to fill the gap by understanding the reproductive health of women in the matrilineal tribes in Meghalaya. The objective of the study was to study the reproductive health status of tribal women.Methods: A field-based quantitative study was conducted among randomly chosen 900 tribal women in their reproductive age from the 142 villages selected randomly across 15 PHCs functional in five districts. We used a semi-structured validated questionnaire consisting of the socio-demographic profile, reproductive health status, blood pressure and haemoglobin level.Results: Median age of the 900 respondents was 28.9 years, 83% had primary education and 82% got married between 13-18 years. Over 96% lived with their spouse, and 80% had a monthly income ≤Rs. 5000. Their mean age at menarche was 14.3 years, 10% reported menstrual issues: stomach ache, back pain and vomiting. Though 58% planned their pregnancy, 77% had their first pregnancy before 18 years, and 10.3% of respondents had three deliveries within a four-year period. 76% had poor self-rated health, 83% had abnormal blood pressure and 95% reported anaemia. Out of 81 deaths, 69% were infants and 33.3% did not avail medical service from PHC.Conclusions: Reproductive health risks, anaemia and abnormal blood pressure were found among women in Garo tribes. Mitigating the ill effects of reproductive health issues through indigenous interventions as part of the NRHM program is needed.
Comparative study on the performance of different drive mechanisms used in a beta type Stirling engine through thermodynamic analysis
Authors: EROL Derviş , ÇALIŞKAN Sinan
Published: September 2019

In
this study, thermodynamic
and kinematic analyses of bell crank, slider crank, rhombic and scotch yoke drive mechanisms were
performed for a beta type Stirling engine with a swept volume of 365 cm3.
The kinematic analyses of Stirling engines with
these different drive mechanisms were investigated by using the MSC Adams
program, and the pressure-volume variations depending on the crankshaft angle
were determined by using the isothermal analysis method. It was determined that compression and expansion volume values of
rhombic drive mechanism were close to each other, while compression volume
value was extremely higher than expansion volume value in other drive
mechanisms. For this reason, in this research conducted with working fluid of
equal amount (m=0.000716 kg), for all of drive mechanisms, it was determined
that engine with rhombic drive mechanism generates 19.2% net work more than the
other drive mechanism. The masses of working fluid used in 1 bar charge
pressure from engines with bell crank, slider crank, rhombic and scotch yoke
drive mechanism were 0.000716 kg, 0.000737 kg, 0.000536 kg and 0.000724 kg,
respectively. The net work amounts obtained as a result of the thermodynamic
analyses made for the 1 bar charge pressure value in bell crank, slider crank,
rhombic and scotch yoke drive mechanisms are 12.85 J, 12.44 J, 11.61 J and
13.05 J, respectively. In this research conducted with working fluid in the
same charge pressure, it was determined that 10.8% less net work was obtained
from engine with rhombic drive mechanism. Since all the changes of the volume
in the bell crank, slider crank and scotch
yoke drive mechanisms are very close to each other, the net work performance
values obtained with the equal amount of working fluid and the same charge
pressure values are also very close to each other.
FROM CONFRONTATION TO A DIALOGUE: THE DYNAMICS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH AND THE STATE (1917-1980)
Authors: Belyaeva Evguenia , Chumarova Lyubov , Fakhrutdinov Bulat , Fakhrutdinova Anastasia
Published: September 2019

Purpose of the Study: The aim of the research is to study the tendencies and potential of the church-state relationship at a critical juncture of the great political transformations. An objective need to analyze the past experience of church-state interrelations in Russia and to identify social and cultural role of church as the embodiment of religion served as the incentive for the present study. The article considers church-state relationship under the Soviet  regime, the tragedy of their coexistence, reflected in a strong opposition, oppression and almost complete liquidation of the church, and, as a result, its accommodation in relations with the government within that period.  

Methodology: The authors used philosophical analysis of the church-state interaction, historicism and comparison principles enabling to consider its dynamics and evolution trends within the defined period. The researchers make the presumption that church-state relationship should be maintained on a cultural dialogue and cooperation basis in contrast with prior politicizing it.

Result: The authors prove the provision that state performs not only external social function of organization and subjugation, but, in fact, defines moral criteria of living as a community of like-minded individuals. The conclusion about purely utilitarian and politicized perception of the social position of the church by Soviet state is drawn.

Implications: Theoretical implication of the study is promotion of the further research and development in the direction due to the methods used in the study. The material can also be used within university courses on history, culture theory, cultural studies and sociology of religion, history of world religions.

Novelty: The novelty of the study is manifested in introducing of expanded concepts of church and state in the context of their interaction into scientific circulation.
FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING TO LINGUISTICALLY GIFTED STUDENTS: COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE
Authors: V. Gali Gulnara , V. Fakhrutdinova Anastasiya , I. Gali Askar
Published: September 2019

Purpose of the Study: The urgency of the problem under investigation is due to the fact that the issue of gifted students’ education is one of the most difficult and interesting aspects of contemporary pedagogy. The purpose of the article is to comprehensively characterize the components of foreign language teaching to linguistically gifted students.

Methodology: New directions of teaching linguistically gifted students of non-linguistic directions, based on the communicative and personal-activity approach, are analyzed.

Results: In this article, the concept of foreign language competence of students is defined and the content, forms, methods and means of pedagogical interaction in the process of foreign language teaching to gifted students are considered. The authors pay special attention to foreign language teaching to linguistically gifted students.

Applications: The materials of the article can be useful for teachers, students and a wide range of readers interested in the problems of gifted students’ education.
TEACHER - RESEARCHER IN WORK WITH GIFTED STUDENTS
Authors: Gali Gulnara , Shakhnina Irina , Zagladina Elena , Gali Askar
Published: September 2019

Purpose of the Study: The reforms occurred in foreign and domestic education systems over the past decades and the focus on humanistic, student-centered, and developing educational technologies have changed attitudes towards students exhibiting extraordinary abilities. Educational institutions, educational and social programs, public organizations, and foundations have emerged, which have identification, training, and development of gifted students as their main goal. Nowadays, working with gifted students appears to be an important and prioritized educational policy worldwide. The purpose of the article is to identify a new type of teacher-researcher who will be able to work with gifted students and analyze his or her professional skills.

Methodology: The leading approach to the study of this problem is a method of historical and logical analysis of regulatory documents of foreign governments and research papers of leading scientists dealing with gifted education issues.

Results: The main results of the study are identifying the teachers’ professional and personal positions to work with gifted students and revealing the pedagogical conditions to create educational environment for the development of students' talent. The readiness of a teacher to work with gifted students has been considered.

Applications: The authors focus on the specifics of working with gifted students as well as on the analysis of problems of gifted students’ education in different countries.

Novelty: The article can be useful for professors, teachers, students, and readers who are interested in the problems of gifted students' education.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: A CASE STUDY ON THE HOTEL INDUSTRY IN BALI PROVINCE, INDONESIA
Authors: Astuti Partiwi Dwi , Chariri Anis , Rohman Abdul
Published: September 2019

Purpose: This study aims to examine the association between intellectual capital and competitive advantage in the hotel industry in Bali Province, Indonesia. The interrelationship between components of intellectual capital –human capital, relational capital, structural capital – were tested in this study, and testing was also carried out for the association of intellectual capital – represented by structural capital – with competitive advantage. Methodology: Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 172 questionnaires were sent to general managers of three-, four- and five-star hotels in Bali Province. A total of 109 questionnaires were returned and could be analysed (a 63% response rate). The analysis was performed using covariance-based structural equation modeling with AMOS 21.0 software. Main Findings: The findings show that between the components of intellectual capital there is a positive and significant association: human capital with relational capital, human capital with structural capital and relational capital with structural capital. The findings also show that structural capital has a significant positive association with a competitive advantage. Implications: Mobilising and utilising human capital as much as possible can create and enhance relational capital and structural capital. Willingness to realise, utilise, compile and develop organizational knowledge enables long-term competitive advantages to be achieved. Novelty: This study examines the association of intellectual capital – facilitated by structural capital – and competitive advantage, which researchers have not done before in the hotel industry.
PROPOSING STAKEHOLDER COMMUNICATION FRAMEWORK FOR BUSINESS POSITIONING AMONG MANUFACTURING-BASED SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE: ADOPTING A PUBLIC RELATIONS APPROACH
Authors: Krishnan Mahadevan , Ahmad Jamilah
Published: September 2019

Purpose: This study proposes the development of a stakeholder communication framework for manufacturing-based Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Methodology: Employing in-depth interviews with fifteen representatives from manufacturing-SMEs who take-up communication roles at the managerial level, this explorative method interprets, extracts relevant themes to facilitate the development of a stakeholder communication framework for this business sector. Main Findings: This study among key representatives of manufacturing SMEs concluded with the following findings. Firstly, these organizations communicate within the closed-loop stakeholder network with less focus to stakeholders beyond the network. Secondly, SMEs reveal a lack of keenness and understanding of the external business environment or the zone beyond the common network. Finally, with reference to the findings, the study suggests a communication framework for manufacturing SMEs through the incorporation of selected public relation models, roles and levels which is regarded as one that conservatively biased owing to the nature of this sector. Implications: The outcome brings a different perspective to the application of PR, particularly in the area of strategic business communication, which expands the research, application, and the future direction of PR. Novelty: This study enables PR to contribute to organizational competitiveness in the context of communication, which is inevitably vital for the positioning and sustenance of this business sector, particularly with the need to expand the communication portfolio towards stakeholders in the present competitive and globalized setting.
SIGNIFICANCE OF AFGHANISTAN IN INDIA’S FOREIGN POLICY
Authors: Nath Dr. Jayasree
Published: September 2019

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to understand the importance of Afghanistan in India’s foreign policy. Being situated in the proximity of Pakistan and Central Asian countries, Afghanistan holds a strategic significance in India’s neighbourhood foreign policy. Since the earlier period of time, the geographic location has made Afghanistan involved in any development occurred in Central Asia and South Asia.

Methodology: The study is interdisciplinary in nature. It is based on a comparative analysis of research methodology, comparing traditional and current relations between the nations. The study is empirical since it tries to explain the historical-cultural linkages of India and Afghanistan. The study also tries to investigate the obstacles furthering India’s relations with Afghanistan and beyond. The study involves both descriptive and qualitative analysis. The study is based on both primary and secondary sources. While books, articles and newspaper reports are secondary sources in the study, primary sources comprised of government sources like an annual report, other relevant reports of the Ministry of External Affairs, etc.

Main Findings: India’s policy towards Afghanistan is the embodiment of the soft power approach with a long term goal. Energy security and regional security connected with internal security are the topmost priorities of New Delhi factoring the significance of Afghanistan in India’s neighbourhood foreign policy.

Applications of this study: This study can be useful for understanding International relations covering areas of India-Afghanistan relations, the significance of Afghanistan in India’s foreign policy connecting with Central Asia and Iran.

Novelty/Originality of this study: India’s strategic consideration factoring Afghanistan to connect Central Asia and Iran for energy security, regional and internal security.
The prevention of cardio-vascular diseases in workers of enterprises of mining industry
Authors: Rakitskiy V. N. , Lipatova Lyudmila V. , Izmaylova O. A.
Published: September 2019

The leading increasing of cardiovascular pathology in miner workers dictates necessity of development of effective methods of prevention. The article presents the results of application of intravenous blood laser irradiation in miner workers with cardiovascular pathology. The evaluation of condition of cardio-vascular system was carried out to detect mine workers with high cardio-vascular risk. To this group of mine workers course of preventive procedures was prescribed. The course included common medicinal treatment and intravenous laser therapy. The application of intravenous blood laser irradiation promoted normalization of indicators of Holter monitoring of electrocardiogram, day monitoring of arterial pressure, lipid profile and hemostasis system. The anti-arrhythmic, anti-hypertensive, anti-atherogenic and anti-aggregative effects of complex therapy using intravenous blood laser irradiation in mine workers with high cardiovascular risk with its subsequent decrease as a result of treatment.
The losses because of diseases of cardiovascular system in the context of program of decreasing cardiovascular mortality in Russia
Authors: Semenova Victoriya G. , Golovenkin S. E. , Evdokushkina G. N. , Sabgayda T. P.
Published: September 2019

The article presents calculated and analyzed mortality of diseases of cardiovascular system and myocardium infarction in total population of two habitats. The pilot one including territories implementing the program of decreasing mortality of cardiovascular mortality in 2008-2009. The non-pilot one including the rest regions. It was demonstrated that during study the pilot habitat was typical one for Russia according level of mortality due to diseases of blood circulation system. However, the pilot habitat is not typical to be involved into evaluation of situation with myocardium infarction because in 2000-2013 mortality in it turned out significantly lower than in non-pilot habitat. The rate of decreasing of mortality both of diseases of blood circulation system and myocardium infarction during implementation of the program increased significantly in comparison with previous five years. The comparison of mortality of myocardium infarction in Russia and foreign countries indicates at possible underestimation of sought for losses in our country.
The prevention of disorders of reproductive health: optimization of curative diagnostic care of children and adolescents with sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Kuznetsova Yuliya N. , Kungurov N. V. , Zilberberg N. V. , Evstigneeva N. P. , Malishevskaya N. P. , Syrneva T. A.
Published: September 2019

To optimize activities targeted to maintain reproductive health the medical organizational algorithm was developed concerning provision of specialized medical care to children and adolescents with urogenital infections. The algorithm is based on principles of availability, confidence and standard approach to diagnostic and treatment of sexually transmitted infections and comprises informational support, rendering of curative diagnostic care and primary, secondary and tertiary prevention.
The role of geo-ecological factors in development of sarcoidosis morbidity in Tomsk and the Tomsk region
Authors: Denisova Olga A. , Chernogoryuk G. E. , Egorova K. K. , Baranovskaya N. V. , Rikhvanov L. P. , Chernyavskaya G. M.
Published: September 2019

The article presents data concerning prevalence of sarmidosis in Tomsk and the Tomsk region for 16 years and impacting of ecological and geochemical factors (elemental composite of incrustation of snow, soils) on disease. The sarmidosis morbidity of individuals without undergoing impact of occupational hazards is reliably higher in areas with increased anthropogenic loading (the Oktiabrskii district of Tomsk, the Tomsk rural district, the North- Eastern sector, city of Seversk, Parabelskii and Kolpashevskii districts, Strejevoii). The positive associations were established between sarmidosis morbidity and content of sodium in incrustation of snow, cerium in soil. The sarmidosis with severe recurrent course correlated positively with lutetium and chrome of soils and negatively with barium in incrustation of snow.
The analysis of functioning of department of blood transfusion in high-tech medical center of cardio-vascular surgery in 2015
Authors: Tkacheva Natalya V. , Potolyanova E. V. , Sannikova N. V. , Barkhatova L. I. , Makovskiy A. A.
Published: September 2019

The article presents indices of functioning of department of blood transfusion related to implementation of tasks of clinical transfusiology in 2015. The analysis was applied concerning planning, blood transfusion therapy and implementation of donor blood in high-tech center of cardio-vascular surgery.
The analysis of indices of occupational morbidity of workers of manufacture of continuous fiberglass
Authors: Mukhammadiyeva Guzel F. , Karimova L. K. , Valeeva E. T. , Tikhonova T. P. , Beigul N. A. , Mavrina L. N.
Published: September 2019

The new cases of occupational diseases are annually registered in manufacture of continuous fiberglass. The study was carried out to analyze indices of occupational morbidity in workers of manufacture of continuous fiberglass for last 20 years. It is established that annual level of occupational morbidity varies from several dozens to several hundreds of cases on 10 000 of workers. The main nosologic forms of occupational diseases of workers of manufacture of continuous fiberglass are skin diseases: occupational limited hyperkeratosis and occupational skin cancer. The most perspective direction in resolving this issue is development of complex ofmeasures of making safety conditions of work and prevention of development of occupational neoplasms of skin in manufacture workers.
The foreign experience and its impact on development of national model of manpower training in the field of health care management
Authors: Reshetnikov V. A. , Skvirskaya Galina P. , Gadzhaaliev G. Sh. , Sulkina F. A.
Published: September 2019

Nowadays, effectiveness and efficiency of management of various branches of scientific and practical activity, including health care system are based primarily on training and involvement of professionals being able to use management tools and knowledge and skills in supervised fields. The training of such specialists is the main task of modern medical education and therefore is one of strategic directions of its reforming.
The characteristics of vibration disease of miners in conditions of modern technologies of mining ore raw materials in the Kola High North
Authors: Syurin Sergey A. , Shilov V. V.
Published: September 2019

The study was carried out to analyze characteristics of development of vibration disease in miners of mineral resources' industry enterprises of the Kola High North in 1989-2013. Altogether, in miners of 16 professions 509 cases of primarily diagnosed vibration disease were established that amounted to 22.5% of all cases of occupational diseases. The vibration disease ranked second place in the structure of occupational pathology after diseases of musculo-skeletal system. During the analyzed period, the following characteristics of vibration pathology were established: 1. significant increasing of prevalence of vibration disease (especially in 2004-2013); 2. increasing among patients with vibration disease number of workers mainly involved into loading delivering operations (from 19,3% to 62,6%) and decreasing of percentage of workers involved into sinking and drilling operations; 3. increasing up to 11.1 years of duration of labor experience until moment of primary detection of vibration disease; 4. increasing from 7,7% to 69,5% of percentage of expressed clinical forms of vibration disease (vibration disease stage II) and decreasing of percentage of vibration disease with initial clinical manifestations of vibration disease (vibration disease stage I) among primarily diagnosed cases. Therefore, implementation of modern mining engineering with decreased levels of vibration and application of modern techniques of early diagnostic and prevention of vibration pathology and also organizational activities targeted to decreasing of level of impact of hazardous industrial factors resulted in no decreasing of risk of development of vibration disease in miners of mineral resources' industry enterprises of the Kola High North. The obtained data testify that statistical indices ofprevalence and severity of vibration pathology depend on interaction of many differently directed factors. Among these factors are labor conditions, level of medical preventive activities, quality of medical examinations and expertise decisions concerning relationship between health disorders and labor conditions, motivation to continue labor activity, etc.
The mortality of diseases of blood circulatory system in cohort of workers of enterprise of nuclear industry
Authors: Azizova Tamara V. , Grigoryeva E. S. , Moseeva M. B. , Kuznetsova K. V. , Fomin E. P.
Published: September 2019

The study was carried out to investigate dynamics of mortality of diseases of blood circulatory system and to evaluate effect of radiological and non-radiological factors on indices of mortality because of diseases of blood circulatory system. The mortality of diseases of blood circulatory system (1CD-10 codes 100-199) was analyzed on cohort of 22,377 workers of enterprise of nuclear industry "Mayak" exposed to professional prolonged radiation. The study used individual estimates of doses of external and internal radiation using new dosimetry system of workers of "Mayak"-2008. The statistical analysis included calculation of non-standardized and standardized indices of mortality per 100,000 working people. The standardization was implemented by indirect technique using internal standard. To the end of observation period in studied cohort of workers 5 010 deaths because of diseases of blood circulatory system were registered as main cause of death during 836,048 man-years of observation. The standardized indices of mortality of diseases of blood circulatory system in males were statistically significant higher as compared with females and increased with augmentation of attained age of workers. The mortality of diseases of blood circulatory system depended statistically significant on non-radiation risk factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, increased body mass index, arterial hypertension). The indicator of mortality of diseases of blood circulatory system was statistically significant higher in males exposed to prolonged external gamma-radiation in total dose higher than 0.5 sieverts as compared with workers exposed to radiation in doses of 0.2-0.5 sieverts. The mortality of diseases of blood circulatory system was statistically significant higher in workers exposed to internal alpha-radiation in total absorbed dose more than 0.025 sieverts as compared with workers exposed to radiation in lesser doses. In the cohort of workers exposed to professional prolonged radiation mortality of diseases of blood circulatory system depended on both non-radiation and radiation factors.
The experience of involvement of personnel of the medical research organization into management of its functioning
Authors: Artamonova G. V. , Danil’Chenko Yana V. , Karas’ D. V. , Kostomarova T. S. , Kryuchkov D. V. , Makarov S. A. , Shapovalov D. G.
Published: September 2019

The active involvement of personnel to management of functioning of organization at all levels has an economic usefulness and social value. The article presents experience of involvement of personnel into management as exemplified by medical research organization using international tool standard ISO 9001. Purpose ofstudy. To represent experience of involvement ofpersonnel to management of functioning research medical organization by force of implementation of quality management system corresponding to requirements of ISO 9001. The system ofmanagement ofmain types of functioning ofthe research institute of complex problems of cardio-vascular diseases was used as a study object. The worker of organization as a subject of management system was used as a unit of observation. Out of personnel of organization was organized a team of leaders trained to quality management. The model of quality management in the research institute of complex problems of cardio-vascular diseases was presented by such processes as research and curative diagnostic activities. The workers in a different way assess usefulness of implementation of quality management system for their professional work - positive responses gave 26% of junior medical personnel and up to 77% of administrators. This occurrence indicates to different purposes of involvement of personnel to management. The experience of implementation of quality management system in the research institute of complex problems of cardio-vascular diseases testifies that work ofpersonnel of any professional category in one way or another impact the achievement of targets of organization. At the expense of active involvement of personnel to process of management of activities the organization ameliorates its functioning on systemic level. To comprehend usefulness of quality management system by members of particular professional groups it is expedient to develop and implement innovative methods of personal interest in the results of work considering characteristics of particular team, its targets and aims in the area of quality.