bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variety of peach with improved chemical composition of fruits
Authors: Smykov A. V. , Mesyats N. V. , Paliy A. E.
Published: August 2021

The results of many years of research on the study of the content of biologically active substances of the peach gene pool in the Nikita Botanical Gardens, which was formed due to its own selection and introduction of cultivars from Europe, China, the USA, various regions of the CIS and Russia, are summarized. The most valuable are cultivars with a complex of biologically valuable substances. They were divided into groups according to the amount of dry matter, sugars, ascorbic acid, titratable acids, leukoanthocyanins, pectin substances in the following combinations: according to two, three, four, five and six indicators in the greatest degree of their manifestation. The group with two distinguished traits included 32 peach cultivars (36,4%), with three - 40 cultivars (45,5%), with four- 14 (15,9%); with five - 1 (1,1%); with six - 1 (1,1%). The number of peach cultivars with a complex of biologically valuable substances in the North China and Iranian ecological-geographical groups was approximately the same (53,4 and 46,6%, respectively). The largest number of such cultivars was noted in the European ecotype of the North China and Iranian groups (52,3 and 37,5%). The method of cluster analysis revealed the degree of similarity between peach cultivars, distinguished by four or more biochemical characteristics, and the best cultivar based on the Euclidean distance.
Sistema informático para la distribución de uniforme escolar. Caso de estudio: provincia de Granma, Cuba
Authors: Medel Viltres Yamira , Castro Dieguez Fidel Enrique , Figueredo León Angel Enrique , Leyva Polo Alberto Rubén , Almaguel Guerra Adrián
Published: August 2021

The distribution of school uniforms in the province of Granma is a process that is carried out in the different study centers of the province. The current research paper is aimed at developing a computer system that allows the control of the distribution of school uniforms in the province of Granma. It proposes a new algorithm based on Q-Learning to optimize the scheduling of the process of making school uniforms in clothing workshops. The Q-Learning algorithm of Reinforced Learning is a solution to the problem of sequencing tasks with a Flow Shop environment in a real context. The development of the computer system is based on free and multiplatform technologies. The technologies are HTML 5, CSS 3, JavaScript, Bootstrap, jQuery and CodeIgniter. Extreme Programming was used as an agile methodology of development of software and the Model-View-Controller as an architectural pattern. A comparison of the results obtained from the execution of the algorithm with real data of the entity is performed. After analysis of the tests carried out, usefulness and reliability of the software developed are checked, which contributes to the improvement of the distribution of school uniforms in the province of Granma.
HIGH POWER CHAOTIC OSCILLATOR
Authors: Savelyev S. V. , Morozova L. A.
Published: August 2021

The article presents a novel design of a microwave chaotic oscillator. The oscillator contains an inertial converter for the nonlinear amplifier output signal that modulates the supply voltage of the transistor.
When the inertia of the converter becomes less than 0.06, the oscillator demonstrates chaotic behavior.
We present an experimental model of a chaotic oscillator based on a high power transistor 2T982A-2.
The inertial converter circuit contains a diode that perform half-wave conversion of a part of the output signal and a RC circuit with a time constant equal to 0.05 of the duration of an oscillation at the central frequency of the oscillator. The output signal of the inertial converter has been applied to the emitter power supply circuit of the transistor. Modulation of the supply voltage caused the output signal of the oscillator to become a sequence of non-repeating oscillation trains with a random duration and initial phase. The frequency band of the generated chaos with an uneven power spectrum of 4 dB was in a range from 3.1 to 3.3 GHz with an integrated power of 1.2 W. The averaged spectral density of noise oscillations was 6 10-3 W / MHz. Efficiency of the oscillator was 15%.
RAPID-TUNING BANDPASS FILTERS ON MAGNETOSTATIC WAVES
Authors: Davlyatshina A. A. , Ivanov V. P. , Zverev A. P. , Fedorov V. V.
Published: August 2021

The article presents the results of the development of rapid-tuning bandpass filters on magnetostatic waves, with operating frequency range from 1 GHz to 4 GHz. We also show the results of experimental studies that were performed to measure the amplitude-frequency response of the filters at 3 GHz, 10.5 GHz, 19.5 GHz.
PRESSURE SENSORS FOR CRYOGENIC MEDIA
Authors: Savchenko E. G. , Stuchebnikov V. M.
Published: August 2021

This article describes theperformance of pressure sensors for ciyogenic media, produced by the industrial group MID A. The company claims that these sensors are superior to any similar devices made in Russia. One of the features is that its primary converter can be installed directly on a tank or pipeline with a cryogenic medium. This is enabled by the use of Silicon-on-Sapphire measuring element. The sensor is capable to measurepressure and temperature simultaneously, using the same sensing element. We demonstrate that the sensor has good metrological characteristics at liquid nitrogen temperatures, and show how the process of thermal cycling in the calibration and manu facturing of the device influences the stabilization of its output signal.
MARKET ANALYSIS OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT:
SOLID-STATE C-BAND AMPLIFIERS
Authors: Sidorova I.N. , Shalomanov V.I. , Morozikov V.V.
Published: August 2021

thors perform the research of solid-state power amplifiers, operating in 0-6 GHz band, current market state and its future perspectives. The research is based on information available to'public, which describes technical and economical characteristics of existing devices. The information is gathered from companies-manufacturers and major online marketplaces. The comparison of technical and economical attributes for available devices is done then and the necessity for new power amplifier research is justified in view of existing disadvantages of amplifiers manufactured in Russia.
INVESTIGATION OF THE DESIGN OF MEASURING EQUIPMENT INFLUENCE
ON THE OPERATION OF A SOLID-STATE POWER AMPLIFIER
Authors: Shalomanov V.I. , Sarapultsev D.A. , Sizov M.R.
Published: August 2021

The measuring equipment influences the operation of solid-state power amplifier by inducing parasitic components in the operating frequency range. Operation of differential amplifier and a low noise amplifier were studied. The measuring equipment for these devices was developed and the issue stated was experimentally solved.
Implementasi Sistem Informasi Sekolah pada Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar (PKBM) Patrakomala Berbasis Web
Authors: Widayani Hapsari , Robbani Hamzah , Rosadi Nicky
Published: August 2021

Abstrak
Kegiatan  pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk membantu proses belajar mengajar pelayanan administrasi dan pelaporan keuangan pada pusat kegiatan belajar masyarakat dengan sistem yang terintegrasi dengan baik. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini akan diadakan pada PKBM Patrakomala Peserta ini adalah pegawai/staf keuangan dan guru-guru PKBM. Metode yang digunakan adalah applied research dan dalam kegiatan ini diawali dengan melakukan proses wawancara, observasi, dan pengamatan mengenai administrasi sekolah dan keuangan mitra, lalu mengumpulkan hasil wawancara dan mengenalkan hasil sistem informasi (transfer knowledge) tersebut ke mitra. Adapun produk yang dihasilkan berupa implementasi sistem informasi administrasi sekolah beserta keuangan berbasis web, user interface yang didesain menarik, dan terstruktur dengan baik. Diharapkan implementasi sistem ini dapat dipergunakan dengan baik dan dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut.
Association of anti dsDNA antibodies titer with non-renal manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)
Authors: Andleeb Sadaf , Mahmud Tafazzul-E-Haque , Rasheed Aflak , Mehmood Muhammad Shahid , Gull Iram , Ahmed Maria , Mahmud Mufazzal-E-Haque
Published: August 2021

Background: Early diagnosis and effective treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has very crucial role. Anti dsDNA is very important diagnostic tool and activity marker in SLE. This study aimed to determine the association of anti dsDNA antibodies titer with non-renal manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI).

Patients and methods: It was a cross-sectional study and was carried out at Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tertiary Care Hospital, Lahore from Feb 2021 to May 2021. The study involved 69 male and female patients satisfying the systemic lupus international collaborating clinics (SLICC) classification criteria. Questions regarding different symptoms were asked and disease activity parameters were noted excluding renal parameters. Anti-dsDNA titers were measured from standard laboratory using immunofluorescence technique and were correlated with SLEDAI score. A written informed consent was obtained from every patient.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 30.7±10.2 years while the mean duration of disease 1.94±2.65 years. We observed a female predominance among these patients with male to female ratio of 1:7.6. There were fifty-four (78.3%) patients with active disease. The mean anti-dsDNA levels were significantly higher in patients with active disease (315.73±481.68 vs. 78.46±113.64 IU/mL; p-value=0.003). There was a significantly strong positive correlation between anti-dsDNA levels and SLEDAI score (r=0.358; p-value=0.006). When compared, significant difference was observed in mean anti-dsDNA titers in patients with chronic cutaneous manifestations (p-value=0.040), lymphopenia (p-value= 0.012), pleurisy/pericarditis (p-value= 0.024) and leukopenia <3000/mm3 (p-value= 0.001).

Conclusion: Anti-dsDNA antibodies titers are remarkably increased in patients with non-renal manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus particularly with chronic cutaneous manifestations and leukopenia and positively correlate with disease activity status and SLEDAI score.
Hepatotoxic effects of Diclofenac and Febuxostat combination on mice liver function tests after oral administration
Authors: Naureen Saima , Waseem Rizwan , Fatima Javaria , Shah Azher Abbas , Manzor Huma , Shaheen Bushra
Published: August 2021

Background: The liver is a major organ and involved in metabolizing various toxins, including chemicals, drugs, and natural substances.1 Diclofenac is a commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Febuxostat is a novel non-purine xanthine oxidase inhibitor prescribed in various hyperuricemic states. Rise in liver enzymes with diclofenac use is a well-established fact. When both drugs are used in combination, these may lead to profound hepatotoxicity. To find out these facts this study was planned.

Subjects and methods: An experimental study on mice was planned to explore these facts in University of Health sciences, Lahore. Animals were divided into 6 groups having 10 animals in each group. The animals were given drugs for 7 days. One served as control. 2nd group was given Diclofenac alone (100mg/kg), 3rd group was given Febuxostat (50mg/kg) alone while rest of three groups were administered drugs combination (Diclofenac + Febuxostat). Dose of Diclofenac (100mg/kg) kept constant while dose of Febuxostat increased in each group (5mg/kg, 10mg/kg and 50mg/kg). All drugs administered orally by gavage. After 7 days, the serum levels of liver enzymes assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20. One way ANOVA and Post hoc Tukey tests were applied. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The results showed that Diclofenac and Febuxostat caused liver damage when used separately but hepatotoxicity was much significant (p-value <0.001) when drugs were used in combination.

Conclusion: Both drugs Diclofenac and Febuxostat when administered in combination, causes more liver profound liver damage. That is why their use in combination should be avoided in clinical settings.
Should Patient with Autoimmune Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases (AIIRD) be vaccinated with COVID-19 Vaccines?
Authors: Wahono Cesarius Singgih , Perdana Aditya  , Faisal Parlindungan  , RM. Suryo Anggoro KW  , Anna Ariane  , Herlina Yani  , Andi Raga Ginting  , Lisa Kurnia Sari  , Pande Ketut Kurniari  , Ratih Manuaba  , Ika Vemilia  , Rudy Hidayat  , Sumariyono Sarmidi  , Harry Isbagjo
Published: August 2021

Vaccination is a very important measure for the prevention of various infections worldwide including the recent COVID-19 disease. However, until now the COVID-19 vaccine with various platforms has not been clinically tested on autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease (AIIRD) patients, due to caution against possible side effects and unknown efficacy. Several recent studies proved that there is increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in AIIRD patients and moreover, those patients also have worse COVID-19 outcomes.  Thus, patients with AIIRD should be prioritized for vaccination because they have an increased burden of infections, including COVID-19. Many studies showed that inactivated/non-live vaccine is safe for AIIRD patients and do not cause disease exacerbations. We conclude that benefits of vaccination greatly outweigh the risks of infection and therefore, COVID-19 vaccines can also be administered safely in stable AIIRD patients.
Reconstructing Ancestral Proteins
Authors: Nelson Chase
Published: August 2021

Evolutionary biochemists have suspected that ancestral proteins were more general than their modern forms, capable of binding a wider range of targets and driving a greater diversity of reactions. While Lucas Wheeler and Michael Harms initially confirmed this suspicion, their more recent work, which increases the sample size of targets from four to approximately 100,000, calls it into question.
Post-Hoc Analysis of Data Received with Nuclear Medical Diagnostic in Bulgarien Patients
Authors: Prodanova Krasimira , Uzunova Yordanka
Published: August 2021

Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is a clinical condition extremely difficult to diagnose. For this purpose a number of methods are used – clinical and paraclinical, as well as medical imaging, of which only nuclear-medical diagnostic methods allow performance of full-body scanning, which avoids skipping areas, loss of time and resources. In this article we are looking for the interrelationship between two groups of factors: group 1 (body temperature; leukocytes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and group 2 (presence and severity of an inflammatory process). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used for analyzing observations of the index of accumulation that depends on the effects of the factors as patient’s temperature, leukocytes and ESR. The comparison of mean values of the statistically significant factors for the different categories of the index of accumulation and respectively activity of the inflammatory process is made. The study included 74 patients: 30 (40.54%) men aged 15 to 71 years. and 44 (59.46%) women aged 7 to 74 diagnosed in a hospital in Sofia, Bulgaria. However, ANOVA test results don’t map out which groups are different from other groups. To determine whether the mean differences between the factors are statistically significant post hoc test is used.
A Generic Model for Swarm Intelligence and Its Validations
Authors: Jiao Wenpin
Published: August 2021

The modeling of emergent swarm intelligence constitutes a major challenge and it has been tacked in a number of different ways. However, existing approaches fail to capture the nature of swarm intelligence and they are either too abstract for practical application or not generic enough to describe the various types of emergence phenomena. In this paper, a contradiction-centric model for swarm intelligence is proposed, in which individuals determine their behaviors based on their internal contradictions whilst they associate and in-teract to update their contradictions. The model hypothesizes that 1) the emergence of swarm intelligence is rooted in the development of individuals’ internal contradictions and the interactions taking place between in-dividuals and the environment, and 2) swarm intelligence is essentially a combinative reflection of the configu-rations of individuals’ internal contradictions and the distributions of these contradictions across individuals. The model is formally described and five swarm intelligence systems are studied to illustrate its broad applica-bility. The studies confirm the generic character of the model and its effectiveness for describing the emergence of various kinds of swarm intelligence; and they also demonstrate that the model is straightforward to apply, without the need for complicated computations.
Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma: From Diagnosis to Surgical Approach
Authors: da Costa Joana Borges , Carcao Andre , Duarte Delfim , Viana Miguel
Published: August 2021

Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare benign tumor with primary involvement of the nasopharynx in 98% of cases. It is responsible for 0.5% of tumors of the head and neck, occurring in 1/150,000 individuals. Patients between 14 and 25 years old are particularly affected, with a predominance almost exclusively of males. Despite having a benign nature, AFJ has the potential to grow and involve neighboring structures, which highlights the importance of an attempted diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. This work serves to make a JNA theoretical review and present an endoscopic resection video of a JNA in a young male after a pre-op embolization of the tumour, which was essential for the success of the surgical intervention. JNA is an aggressive and locally invasive tumor that can recur after surgery, so an early diagnosis, adequate staging and the appropriate therapeutic plan are essential for the resolution of the clinical situation.
Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Uvula - Case Report
Authors: da Costa Joana Borges , Goncalves Ana Isabel , Carcao Andre , Santos Joana , Duarte Delfim , Viana Miguel
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma (CEPA) results from the malignant transformation of a benign tumor of the Salivary Glands (SG), the Pleomorphic Adenoma (PA). PA is considered the most common salivary tumor with a 5% risk of malignant transformation and its excision is recommended. CEPA is a rare tumor, corresponding to 3.6% of all salivary tumors and 11.6% of all GS carcinomas. About 18% of CEPAs affect minor SG, with the palate being the most common location. The present work serves to describe a case of a CEPA of the Uvula Minor SG (UMSG). Case Report: We present a case report of a 57-year-old patient, with no relevant medical history, referred to the ENT consultation due to the appearance and progressive growth of a painless uvula lesion. The objective ENT examination showed a 15 mm ulcerative-vegetating lesion with apparent origin on the posterior face of the uvula. The lesion was biopsied and histopathological examination identified the presence of a neoplasm of the minor SG, probably NOS adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent Computed Tomography (CT) scan that showed an irregularity of the uvula, with no signs of invasion of the remaining soft palate, without other significant pharyngo-laryngeal changes. The patient underwent partial pharyngectomy and bilateral selective cervical ganglion dissection, and the histopathology of the surgical specimen confirmed that it was an invasive CEPA, the malignant component of the tumor corresponding to a NOS adenocarcinoma of the UMSG. The patient has been followed up in the ENT consultation, with no signs so far of loco-regional recurrence. Discussion/Conclusion: In the presented case, the patient probably developed an undiagnosed PA that had become malignant over time. Given that it is a poor prognosis neoplasm, it’s essential that the ENT specialists are aware of this disease, in order to facilitate and anticipate the diagnosis and treatment as much as possible.
Dietary Metals (Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn) Exposure and Associated Health Risks in Baia Mare Area, Northwestern Romania
Authors: Miclean Mirela , Cadar Oana
Published: August 2021

This study estimated the non-carcinogenic health risk of Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn via dietary intake in the urban and rural areas of Baia Mare city, northwestern Romania, a former mining area. A total of 230 food items grouped in ten food categories (meat and animal organs, meat-derived products, animal fat, eggs, dairy, bread, corn flour, potato, vegetables, fruits) and 32 water samples were collected and analyzed for Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn using atomic absorption spectrometric method. The human health risk assessment through dietary exposure was evaluated by calculating the estimated daily intake of metals, the Target Hazard Quotients (THQ) and the Total Target Hazard Quotients (TTHQ) for normal daily consumption in adults. The average daily intakes of Pb, Cd and Zn were higher than the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) reference value for urban and rural residents, which showed that there was a potentially high risk of ingestion of food and water. The average daily intake of Cu with food and drinking water was lower than the corresponding TDI value, which indicated that Cu intake was not a potential hazard to the health of residents in the study areas. The individual target hazard quotients, calculated for food consumption in urban area decreased in the following order: Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn, and in rural area: Pb>Cd>Cu>Zn, having values higher than 1 for Pb and Cd in the rural area and approximately equal to 1 for Cd (urban) and Cu (rural), indicating non-carcinogenic adverse health effects. The TTHQs for the two areas (urban and rural) were 2.934 and 5.164, respectively, established cumulative adverse effects of metals. The results showed that vegetables, potato and bread were the main sources of metal intake from foodstuff for adults, but fruit, water and meat were secondary contributors.
Vaccine Business Race Made Planet Forgot Common Sense Hierarchy of Pandemic Controls
Authors: Simil Liviu Popa
Published: August 2021

Over time humanity crossed and survived many pandemics, and most recent and devastating few were “Spanish Flu”, SARS-CoV-1, and SARS-CoV-2 also called COVID-19. The last one placed the planet is disarray for about 2 years and it is not over yet, up to now recording about 185 Million infections and 4 Million Deaths. Few countries succeeded to control the pandemic, but most of the countries failed, following US example, which with only 4% of world population delivered 25% of the cases and deaths. US and many other countries put the entire hope in vaccines, and failed to apply the knowledge and technology acquired over the time and most of it in the last 100 years, generically called the “hierarchy of pandemic control”, or applied it inconsistently, inventing new controls and politicizing the subject down to distraction. Most of the countries put money and comfort first, considering pandemics a nuisance and paying a hard price, in most of the cases relying on government’s misinformation and refusing to consider anything else but a vaccine as the ultimate solution due to many reasons involving many negative features of those societies, incapable of understanding the danger, and because vaccine was seen as a big business available for very few selected companies and people.
Psychological Factors of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Noghabi Ali Delshad
Published: August 2021

Several factors are involved in the etiology of metabolic syndrome, the most important of which are insulin resistance, obesity (especially abdominal obesity), lipid abnormalities, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, pre-inflammatory status, genetic factors, unhealthy lifestyle, trend Rapid urbanization, nutritional factors, inactivity, smoking and hookah smoking, social, economic and cultural factors, level of education, psychosocial stresses and environmental pollution. But psychological factors such as meta-cognitive beliefs, life orientation (optimism, pessimism) and positive and negative emotions, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis activity, type D personality, depression and anxiety also play a role in causing it.
Analisis Mangrove dari Citra Satelit Sebagai Pertahanan Pantai dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Cloud Computing
Authors: Prasetyo Irawan , Pranowo Widodo S. , Tobing Christian L. , Kurniawan Agung , Puliwarna Tunggul
Published: August 2021

Pulau Batam merupakan salah satu Pulau di Indonesia yang berbatasan langsung dengan negara Tetangga, sehingga perlu adanya antisipatif pertahanan untuk menghambat infiltrasi atau penyerangan dari ancaman yang bersifat agresif. obstacle buatan dapat menjadi pilihan untuk menghambat infiltrasi atau penyerangan namun dengan biaya yang cukup tinggi, disisi lain pembangunan obstacle sepanjang garis Pantai   dapat menimbulkan kesan provokatif terhadap negara tetangga dan juga akan mengganggu pemandangan wilayah Pesisir    Pulau Batam, sehingga perlu dikembangkan obstacle sebagai pertahanan Pantai   alami yakni ekosistem mangrove. Untuk memperoleh luasan mangrove secara cepat dan akurat digunakanlah perangkat Google Earth Engine dalam penelitian ini dan menggunakan model Random Forest untuk melakukan ekstraksi informasi mangrove secara sistematis. Berdasarkan hasil ekstraksi diperoleh informasi luasan tutupan mangrove yaitu 2323,7 ha dengan overall accuracy pada model yang dihasilkan adalah 95,8%. Verifikasi di lapangan dilakukan untuk mengetahui kondisi nyata di lapangan dan dihasilkan informasi bahwa jenis mangrove yang dominan adalah Rhizopora Mucronata, Rhizopora Apiculata, dan Sonetaria Alba. Ekosistem vegetasi mangrove yang ada di sekitar Pulau Batam dengan didukung substrat dasar Perairan yang mayoritas lumpur, mampu menghambar laju kendaraan pendarat bertipe amfibi dalam sebuah operasi infiltrasi, akan tetapi melihat fakta antara luas tutupan mangrove dan Pulau Batam secara keseluruhan yaitu 2323,7 ha : 39867,6 ha belum proporsional dan membuka celah pertahanan yang perlu ditanggulangi.
Şah I. Abbas ve Sayın Hanî Türkmenleri Örneğinde Tahakküm ve Direniş
Authors: Karadağ Çınar Gülay
Published: August 2021

Harezm bölgesinde ikamet eden Sayın Hanî Türkmenleri Safevî hükümdarı Tahmasb döneminde Harezm’den göç edip Etrek ve Gürgen nehirleri arasına yerleşmişlerdir. İl yani boy sisteminde hanlar, on beyler ve aksakallar tarafından idare edilmişlerdir. Safevî Devleti ile bağları işledikleri toprağın ya da kullandıkları meranın bedeli olarak ödedikleri vergilerle sınırlı kalmıştır. Kimi zaman da Safevî Şahına sığınan Harezmli Özbek şehzadelerin yanlarına destek kuvvet olarak verilmişlerdir. Sayın Hanî diğer adıyla Yaka Türkmenleri kendilerini Safevîler’in bir parçası olarak görmemiş ve yarı bağımsız bir hayat sürdürmüşlerdir. Bu nedenle Esterâbâd’a atanan ve kendisini devletin sahibi gibi gören Kızılbaş valiler ile anlaşamamışlardır. Ağır vergi yükü altında ezilmeleri ve adaletsiz bir yönetimle karşı karşıya kalmaları nedeniyle Esterâbâd valilerine başkaldırmışlardır. Onların memnuniyetsizliklerinden kaynaklı isyanları Şah Tahmasb döneminde başlayıp uzun yıllar devam etmiştir.

Şah I. Abbas’ın saltanatı Sayın Hanî isyanlarının en yoğun yaşandığı yıllardır. Şah, askeri müdahaleler ve yönetim sisteminde gerçekleştirdiği değişimler ile bu isyanların üstesinden gelmeye çalışmıştır. Bizzat eşlik ettiği seferler kaynaklara Horasan seferleri olarak yansıtılmıştır. Feridun Han’ın Esterâbâd valiliğine atanmasıyla yerel yönetim Türkmen isyanlarıyla baş edebilir hale gelmiş ve şahın doğrudan müdahalesi sona ermiştir. Feridun Han ile birlikte Esterâbâd, şaha sadakatini ispatlayan gulâm valilerin idaresine geçmiştir. Böylece vilayet halkının değişim arzuları sadece yöneticilerin kökeninde hayat bulmuştur. Safevî Devleti’nin isyanlarla mücadele yöntemleri değişmediği gibi halkın rahatsızlıkları da ciddi manada sorgulanmamıştır.
Thermal Radiation in Nanofluid Penetrable Flow Bounded with Partial Slip Condition
Authors: Nadia Diana Mohd Rusdi  , Siti Suzilliana Putri Mohamed Isa  , Norihan Md. Arifin  , Norfifah Bachok
Published: August 2021

Thermal radiation enhances heat transfer, and it is used widely in manufacturing and materials processing applications. Thus, steady two-dimensional boundary layer flow over an exponentially porous shrinking sheet of nanofluids was considered in the influence of thermal radiation related to partial slip boundary conditions and suction. This paper aims to study the nanofluid penetrable flow over an exponentially shrinking sheet with thermal radiation and partial slip. The effects of silver (Ag) nanoparticles with two different types of base fluids named water and kerosene oil are investigated in this study. First, the governing equations and boundary conditions are transformed to a non-linear ordinary differential equation and then solved using bvp4c solver. Using Matlab software, it is found that the dual solution exists in some values from the suction parameter. Furthermore, we identified both nanoparticle volume fraction and suction parameter increase, leading to the rise in velocity profile. Moreover, the suction parameter increases both skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number increase.
Silver Nanoparticles Loaded Activated Carbon Synthesis Using Clitorea Ternatea Extract for Crystal Violet Dye Removal
Authors: Mohamad Aizad Mohd Mokhtar  , Roshafima Rasit Ali  , Eleen Dayana Mohamed Isa
Published: August 2021

Dyes are coloured compound which are widely used in textile, painting, rubber, cosmetics, plastics and leather industry to colour their products. However, the irresponsibility of certain manufacturer results in producing dye waste and channel it to water resources had become one of the biggest challenges in water pollution. In this study, an effective solid adsorbent derived from sustainable sources for adsorption capacity study was produced which is silver nanoparticles loaded activated carbon (Ag NPs – AC) to remove crystal violet (CV) dye. Adsorption process are cost – effective, simple and flexible with various dye pollutants. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was synthesized from Clitorea Ternatea flower extract that utilizes functions as stabilizing agents for silver nitrate (AgNO3) to promotes environmental friendly with no toxic chemicals produced and loaded in activated carbon (AC). Characterization of Ag NPs was analysed using UV-Visible which correspond to peak at 408 nm and XRD analysis. Four peaks values for silver at 2θ of 38.19°, 44.43°, 64.57°, 77.43° and average crystallite size of Ag NPs and Ag NPs – AC were calculated to be 16.11 nm and 36.13 nm respectively that were obtained from XRD pattern. The adsorption capacity of Ag NPs – AC was analysed and the optimum conditions were determined using different parameters which are the Ag NPs - AC ratio (1.0 g), contact time (240 min), adsorbent dosage (30 mg) and pH of CV dye (10). The highest percentage removal of CV dye using Ag NPs – AC was recorded up to 97% at 240 min with 30 mg dosage. Ag NPs – AC as adsorbent is a promising advanced materials in removing water pollutants with viable conditions and can applied in the wastewater treatment industry.
Gamma Irradiation-Assisted Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle and Their Antimicrobial Applications: A Review
Authors: Salmah Mossa  , Kamyar Shameli
Published: August 2021

This review presents an introduction to the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) by gamma irradiation method. This method offers some benefits over the conventional methods because it provides fully reduced and highly pure nanoparticles free from by-products or chemical reducing agents, and is capable of controlling the particle size and structure. The nucleation and growth mechanism of metallic nanoparticles are also discussed. The competition between nucleation and growth process in the formation of nanoparticles can determine the size of nanoparticles which is influenced by certain parameters such as the choice of solvents and stabilizer, the precursor to stabilizer ratio, pH during synthesis, and absorbed dose. The present review, summarizes the gamma irradiation synthesis of Ag-NPs procedure, advantages, applications and their antibacterial properties.
Usage of green manure plants as cover-crops in controlling root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) on tomato, Lyco-persicon esculentum (Mill.)
Authors: Amarasinghe L. D. , Premachandra N. W.
Published: August 2021

This study was conducted to determine the nematicidal effect of aqueous extractions of dry plant materials, Tithonia diversifolia, Gliricidia sepium and Tagetes erecta on juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) and to determine the effect of dry leaves of wild sunflower, dry leaves of Gliri-cidia, and dry plant parts of marigold as cover crops on the growth of potted tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill.) infested with M. incognita. Nemati-cidal effect of aqueous extracts of T. diversifolia, G. sepium and T. erecta (20 g/ 100 mL w/v) were evaluated at 0.05 g/mL, 0.1 g/mL and 0.2 g/mL concentrations in the laboratory bioassay. Results revealed that 0.1 g/ mL and 0.2 g/ mL concentration of T. erecta and 0.2 g/mL concentration of T. diversifolia were very effective in juvenile mortality by over 50% within 48 hours com-pared to other treatments. T. erecta plant parts were the most effective causing above 70% juvenile mortality in 48 hours. M. incognita infested potted tomato plants supplement with dry plant parts of Marigold (2% w/w) showed; significantly higher number of green leaves (P=0.000, F=10.95); significantly lower number of yellow leaves (P=0.001, F=6.78); significantly high-er plant height (P=0.000, F=8.90), stem diameter (P=0.000, F=11.83), root length (P=0.000, F=14.71) and root weight (P=0.000, F=15.08); significantly lower number of root galls (P=0.000, F=116.74), gall index (P=0.000, F=95.80) and significantly lower population of M. incognita in soil (P=0.000, F=24.78) compared to other treatments. This study concludes that addition of botani-cals as cover crops enhanced plant growth and significantly reduced root-knot infestation in tomato plants.
The comparative effect of different types of honey on levels of glucose, fructosamine and insulin in Streptozocin-induced diabetes in wistar rats
Authors: Ali Mohammadimanesh Ali , Khosravi Hassan Mozzaffari , Vahidiniya Ali Asghar , Doaei Saeid , Salehi Iraj , Fayyaz Nasrin
Published: August 2021

The prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly. Diabetic patients are deprived of sugar sweetener consumption due to their high blood sugar. Choosing appropriate substitutes in the meal plan of diabetic patients is one of the important therapeutic strategies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different types of honey on the concentration of glucose, fructosamine and insulin of diabetic rats. This study was an interventional clinical trial animal study. In this study, 32 Wistar rats were used, which were divided into 4 groups. The drug of Streptozocin was used to induce diabetes in 4 groups of rats. Three types of Acacia honey, Astragalus honey, and Nodushan Yazd honey were used in 3 groups of diabetic rats and 1 group also was considered as control groups of diabetic and normal groups. Difference in blood Fructosamine of diabetic rats was not significant in the receiver groups of different types of honey. On the other hand, the Astragalus honey consumption significantly increased glucose and the Nodushan honey consumption significantly increased insulin concentration in diabetic rats. The present study showed that some types of honey do not have any negative effect on blood glucose concentration of diabetic rats, but they cause an increase in serum insulin concentration. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that some types of honey can be used as a safe natural sweetener and even can be beneficial.
Cr VI Removal by Using Agricultural Waste (Modified Canola Meal & Crude Canola Meal) from Aqueous Solutions: Kinetic, Isotherm and Thermodynamic Study
Authors: Roya Moradi , Esmailzadeh Roya Nezakati , Taheri Tahmineh , Ramezanali Elham , Mehdipour Azam
Published: August 2021

Metal Cr and CrIII components usually are not harmful but CrVI is poisonous in case it is swallowed. Half of a tea spoon of Cr VI is fatal. Plating industry and waste waters polluted with CrVI are considered as one of the most im-portant sources of its exposal and emission. Today Bio- absorbents are sub-jects of studies to resolve the above issues. This paper is to study kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic analysis of Cr adsorption via applying canola meal. Effective parameters in adsorption such as: pH, contact time, adsor-bent dose, temperature and initial concentration of CrVI metal are consid-ered as independent variables and final concentration of Cr VI is considered as dependent variable. Changing one variable while keeping other variables constant is a basic principle in every experiment. The best adsorption effi-ciency of crude canola was obtained in pH 7 and for canola modified with CTAB in pH 2. The optimum dose of adsorbent for both crude and modified canola was equal to 0.150g/L. also the best contact time was 60 minutes. Maximum adsorption obtained in 12.5 mg/lit CrVI concentration and in 60°c. With respect to capacity of Cr VI adsorption in canola meal it can be applied to remove the CrVI and similar pollutants from water and waste water.
Use of RCA-PCR assay for detection of Begomovirus infection in Bhut Jolokia (Capsicum assamicum) in Tezpur region of Assam, India
Authors: Bora Ajitabh , Gogoi Hemant Kumar , Kalita Mohan C.
Published: August 2021

Bhut Jolokia (Capsicum assamicum), one of the hottest chilli in the world is a chilli cultivar, endemic to North East India and is extensively cultivated in the states of Assam, Nagaland and Manipur. The demand of this chilli is very high in domestic as well as in the international market due to its extreme hotness and pleasant aroma. This plant is severely affected by leaf curl disease caused by Begomovirus, leading to total crop loss. Accurate diagnosis of this viral disease at seedling stage, prior to transplanting, is essential to prevent further spread of the disease. With an aim to device a rapid and accurate detection assay, Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA)-Polymerase Chain Reac-tion (PCR) technique was used for detection of the viral pathogen. RCA tech-nique was employed to increase the viral template and PCR was conducted using a degenerate primer pair. With the help of this assay, 1.4 kbp segment of DNA-A genome of the Begomovirus was amplified. Phylogeny revealed close proximity of the isolate with Tomato leaf curl Bangladesh virus. This is the first report on characterization of Begomovirus infecting Bhut Jolokia in Tezpur region of Assam.
Microbiological Characteristics of Fermented Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Sausage as The Result of Carrageenan Addition
Authors: Nursyam Happy
Published: August 2021

Fermented sausages are the emulsion product and their stability is strongly determined by protein interaction which acts as an emulsifier along with binder compound in order to form cross-link. Thus the products become compact and resistant to the infection of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. The current research was aimed to investigate the microbiological character-istics of sausage as the result of carrageenan addition. This descriptive re-search was repeated three times. The result revealed that pH will gradually decrease following to the length of fermentation. At the end of the fermen-tation, the lowest pH (4.84±0.01) found 2.5 % additional carrageenan. Addi-tion of carrageenan 1.25% up to 5% could inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria 14th day onwards up to 28th day of fermentation, but not for lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Surprisingly, on the last day of fermentation, carragee-nan did not affecting LAB growth. The growth of LAB on the treatment of 0 to 5 % carrageenan was not significantly different with 6.5134±0.08 and 6.6466±0.14 log CFU/ml, respectively. It is clear that the addition of carra-geenan to the concentration of 5% will only inhibit pathogenic bacteria but not for LAB.
SDS-PAGE protein profile of Candida albicans isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: M. Kamali , M. Taheri Sarvtin
Published: August 2021

Candida albicans is a dimorphic fungus that exists as a normal flora of hu-mans. It colonizes mucosal surfaces of the digestive tract, oral cavity and genitourinary tract and is also able to cause a variety of infections, depend-ing on the nature of the underlying host defect. This microorganism can ex-acerbate clinical conditions of atopic dermatitis via protein Allergens. The aims of this study were evaluation of protein profile of C. albicans in patients with atopic dermatitis. Four isolates of Candida albicans were collected from oral cavity of patients with atopic dermatitis. Proteins of Candida albicans were separated and reduced by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The extracts obtained from various isolates of Candida albicans had 62 protein bands, which ranged from 11 to >180 kDa. Sixteen different types of protein were identified. The maximum number of bands was observed in isolate B. The results of this study indicated that Candida albicans consisted of various somatic proteins that can trigger IgE-mediated reaction and exacerbation of atopic dermatitis.
Decline in semen quality among infertile men during the past 15 years in Western Algeria (SIDI-BEL-ABBES)
Authors: Zohra El-haina Fatima , Malika Bendahmane
Published: August 2021

The current study aimed at measuring changes in semen quality and quantity in young healthy sperm of the partner in western Algeria over 15 years. A retrospective analysis of semen parameters over 15 years was carried out using linear regression analysis, at the fertility laboratory in West Algeria. Study population consisted of 188 young partners, aged 25 to 35 years, who donated sperm samples for artificial insemination between 2000 and 2015. Their wives with infertility problems were surveyed using questionnaire about their lifestyles and infertility factors. There were no statistically significant changes in semen concentration and motility during the study period. The mean semen volume increased by 0.1 mL per year (P < 0.0001), with a concomitant mean rise of 5.8 × 106 per year in total motile sperm count. The percentage of sperm normal morphology decreased by a mean of 1% per year during the entire period (P < 0.0001). During these 15 past years, there has been an increase in total motile sperm count, and semen volume where-as, a decline in normal sperm morphology has been noticed that is independ-ent of the age and the duration of abstinence of infertile men.
Nutritional risk factors among hemodialysis patients with Chronic kidney disease (West Algeria) Sidi-Bel
Authors: Hamara Fatima , Reguig Karima Bereksi , Bedjaoui Abdelhamid , Bouterfas Abbes
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the nutritional status among the subjects attained by chronic kidney disease The overall included sample con-tained a group of 391 patients, hospitalized for hemodialysis at the nephro-logy division of the Hassani Abdelkader CHU Sidi-Bel-Abbes in the Western of Algeria. The obtained results indicated that men 57.69 % were more affected that women 42.30 % with a sex ratio of 1.36. The chronic kidney disease was more prevalent among older range 47 years. The biological parameters de-monstrated no significant rise of the urea amount with a rate of 2.20 ± 1.04 (g/l) among men and 1.98 ± 1.02 (g/l) among women. The average of creatininemy was approximatively 110.75 ± 56.49 (mg/l) for men 97.01 ± 48.47 (mg/l) for women. The creatinin clearance is 10.33 ± 7.95 (ml/min/1.73 m2) for man and 9.15 ± 6.29 (ml/min/1.73 m2) for woman. In addition, the glo-merular flow of filtration was decreased at the two sexes and confirms a disturbance of the renal function. The correlation between serum of creati-nine and clearance in both sexes is important for both men R = 0.458 and women: R = 0.731. The relation is inversely proportional between creatinine and clearance values. The evaluation of food consumption, indicates that daily intake energy exceeds dietary recommendations, characterized by overconsumption lipid and carbohydrate and protein deficiency. Intakes of vitamins are usually covered. But the mineral intake is not covered. Overall, healthcare is essential for the present population to prevent serious compli-cations of this disease.
Bacterial Conjugated Linoleic Acid Effect on Hepatic and Adipose Tis-sues of High-Fat diet-Induced Obese Rats
Authors: Yahla Imene , Ziar Hasnia , Benali Mohamed , Riazi Ali
Published: August 2021

The aim of the present study is to background the effect of conjugated lino-leic acid isomers (CLA) produced by two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rham-nosus LBRE-LSAS (a human originated bacterium) and Bifidobacterium ani-malis subsp lactis Bb12, on both hepatic and adipose tissues of high-fat diet fed Wistar rats. Five-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n=6) fed a high-fat diet for three of them (control and supplemented with 1x109 CFU per rat of LBRE-LSAS or Bb12 strain and 1.4% of free linoleic acid; designed as treated rats) and a standard diet for the fourth group. After 8 weeks of experimental period, rats were sacrificed after chloroform anesthe-sia; livers and adipose tissues of each group were excised for biochemical and histological analyses. Obtained results showed that livers of treated high-fat diet fed rats did not exhibit a hepatic steatosis like those of untreated high-fat diet fed rats (control group) did. Lipid profile (triglycerides and total cholesterol) of the liver and the adipose tissue was markedly improved in treated rat groups, especially in LBRE-LSAS strain given high-fat diet rats. Such results strongly support the occurrence of the bacterial power of Lacto-bacillus rhamnosus LBRE-LSAS and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis Bb12 to modulate lipid metabolism and to avoid steatosis in diet-induced model of obesity in rat.
Therapeutic insights of hydromehtanolic leaf extract of Xanthium indi-cum and Î±-tocopherol in streptozotocin induced diabetic renal oxidative stress
Authors: Meruva Anila Devi , Sahukari Ravi , Ganjikunta Venkata Subbaiah , Bhasha Shanmugam , Kesireddy Sathyavelu Reddy
Published: August 2021

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the important microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Several phytochemicals have been reported to show beneficial consequences in Xanthium indicum leaves and α-tocopherol is a well known antioxidant, putting a halt to the fatality of renal dysfunc-tions in DN. In the current study, seven groups of male albino rats six in each group, received the following treatment scheduled for 4 weeks: Normal control, Xanthium indicum, α-tocopherol, Diabetes control, Glibenclamaide treated diabetic, α-tocopherol treated diabetic and Xanthium treated diabetic. Evaluations were made for blood glucose levels, body weights, serum insulin levels, MDA content, creatintne in urine as well as in serum and the histopathological changes were monitored kidney tissues in all experimental rats. Blood glucose levels were significantly (***P<0.001) decreased whereas serum insulin levels and body weights were significantly (***P< 0.001) in-creased, MDA content, serum creatinine levels were significantly (***P< 0.01), (***P<0.001), decreased and urine creatinine levels were increased with the treatment of plant extract and α-tocopherol in diabetic rats. Overall, the findings of this study indicated that the hydromethanolic extract of X. indicum leaves and α-tocopherol possesses a potent capacity that attenuates the renal damage to minimize the deleterious effects of free radicals by maintaining renal hemodynamics in diabetic conditions probably through its antioxidative and hypoglycaemic activity.