bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of the EU’s Regulatory Framework for the Production of Nano-Enhanced Cosmetics
Authors: Karamanidou Theodora , Bourganis Vasileios , Gatzogianni Glykeria , Tsouknidas Alexander
Published: March 2021

Literature has suggested metallic nanomaterials (NMs) for a multitude of applications in cosmetic products, either as active ingredients or excipients. Alike most high-paced industrial sectors, cosmetology continues to capitalize on its unique properties/functions (e.g., as UV-filters, colorants, etc.), adding value to a wide range of products. However, as a result of their nano-scale, NMs do not always conform with the handling guidelines of their bulk counterparts, nor do conventional analytical methods account for their complex physicochemical and biological interactions. Among others, metallic nanoparticles have attracted the interest of many over the years due to their unique features, but possible precautions should be considered because of their bio-persistent nature. As a result, it is prevalent to consider a nano-specific framework, to regulate the use of NMs and the production of nano-enhanced cosmetics. To address this, we provide insight into the NMs that are currently used in the EU market, with a focus on metallic NMs, while analyzing the underlying legislation and relevant Opinions of the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS), from a scientific and commercial perspective. Even though the current Cosmetics Regulation (EU Regulation No 1223/2009) already entails specific provisions on NMs, cosmetic products incorporating unauthorized NMs have been repeatedly commercialized in the European Union. Considering the potential risks of NMs if they are mishandled, we provide an analysis of the risk assessment, as stated in Article 16 of the Cosmetics Regulation, to serve as a guideline for the future growth of nano-enhanced products. Based on the limited integration of metallic NMs along with multiple non-metallic NPs into cosmetic products, the attention of the community is directed towards coordinating efforts on the integration of metallic NMs into cosmetics.
Application of Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion for Direct Metal Tooling
Authors: Asnafi Nader
Published: March 2021

The journey of production tools in cold working, hot working, and injection molding from rapid tooling to additive manufacturing (AM) by laser-based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is described. The current machines and their configurations, tool steel powder materials and their properties, and the L-PBF process parameters for these materials are specified. Examples of production tools designed for and made by L-PBF are described. Efficient design, i.e., high tooling efficiency and performance in operation, should be the primary target in tool design. Topology and lattice structure optimization provide additional benefits. Using efficient design, L-PBF exhibits the greatest potential for tooling in hot working and injection molding. L-PBF yields high tooling costs, but competitive total costs in hot working and injection molding. Larger object sizes that can be made by L-PBF, a larger number of powder metals that are designed for different tooling applications, lower feedstock and L-PBF processing costs, further L-PBF productivity improvement, improved surface roughness through L-PBF, and secured quality are some of the targets for the research and development in the future. A system view, e.g., plants with a high degree of automation and eventually with cyber-physically controlled smart L-PBF inclusive manufacturing systems, is also of great significance.
Dry Sliding Behavior of Qbe-2 Beryllium Bronze against 38CrMoAlA Steel in Pneumatic Downhole Motor under Different Loads
Authors: Liang Chenfan , Wang Yu , Zhang Kai , Peng Zhijian
Published: March 2021

In drilling engineering, the wear of tribo-pairs is the primary cause for the rapid failure of rotating seals in pneumatic downhole tools. In order to reduce the wear of tribo-pairs, a new type of rotating seals was designed in this work, which introduced copper alloys between the stator and rotor. To elucidate the wear and failure mechanism of the copper-steel tribo-pair rotating seals in pneumatic downhole motors, pin-on-disc dry sliding tests with Qbe-2 beryllium bronze pin against 38CrMoAlA steel disc under different loads were thus designed to simulate the friction and wear behavior of such tribo-pair. During the dry sliding process, the friction behavior of the copper pin would go through a running-in period and then become stable. As the load increases, the running-in period will be shortened, while the friction coefficient during the stable period decreases. Interestingly, a false stability occurs when the load is low. However, this phenomenon will disappear under heavy loads. The wear mechanism of the copper pins would change from adhesive wear to ploughing wear as the load increases, which is mainly related to the spalling of asperities and the filling of wear debris into the steel disc. The wear debris consists of copper and copper oxide. The surface roughness of the steel disc and copper pin decreased and the size of the wear debris increased with the increase of the load. The material removal mainly occurs on the copper pin, which will present a relatively small value under 45 N. On contrast, due to the filling of wear debris, the volume of the steel disc increased. Therefore, considering the value and stability of friction coefficients, as well as the wear amount of the sample, it would be better that such tribo-pair could work under 45 N. The present work will provide a fundamental understanding and solid support for systematically designing the tribo-pairs in pneumatic downhole tools under practical working conditions.
Twinning, Superstructure and Chemical Ordering in Spryite, Ag8(As3+0.50As5+0.50)S6, at Ultra-Low Temperature: An X-Ray Single-Crystal Study
Authors: Bindi Luca , Morana Marta
Published: March 2021

Spryite (Ag7.98Cu0.05)Σ=8.03(As5+0.31Ge0.36As3+0.31Fe3+0.02)Σ=1.00S5.97, and ideally Ag8(As3+0.5As5+0.5)S6, is a new mineral recently described from the Uchucchacua polymetallic deposit, Oyon district, Catajambo, Lima Department, Peru. Its room temperature structure exhibits an orthorhombic symmetry, space group Pna21, with lattice parameters a = 14.984(4), b = 7.474(1), c = 10.571(2) Å, V = 1083.9(4) Å3, Z = 4, and shows the coexistence of As3+ and As5+ distributed in a disordered fashion in a unique mixed position. To analyze the crystal-chemical behaviour of the arsenic distribution at ultra-low temperatures, a structural study was carried out at 30 K by means of in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction data (helium-cryostat) on the same sample previously characterized from a chemical and structural point of view. At 30 K, spryite still crystallizes with orthorhombic symmetry, space group Pna21, but gives rise to a a × 3b × c superstructure, with a = 14.866(2), b = 22.240(4), c = 10.394(1) Å, V = 3436.5(8) Å3 and Z = 4 (Ag24As3+As5+Ge4+S18 stoichiometry). The twin laws making the twin lattice simulating a perfect hexagonal symmetry have been taken into account and the crystal structure has been solved and refined. The refinement of the structure leads to a residual factor R = 0.0329 for 4070 independent observed reflections [with Fo > 4σ(Fo)] and 408 variables. The threefold superstructure arises from the ordering of As3+ and (As5+, Ge4+) in different crystal-chemical environments.
Examining Relationships between Heat Requirement of Remotely Sensed Green-Up Date and Meteorological Indicators in the Hulun Buir Grassland
Authors: Guo Jian , Yang Xiuchun , Chen Fan , Niu Jianming , Luo Sha , Zhang Min , Jin Yunxiang , Shen Ge , Chen Ang , Xing Xiaoyu , Yang Dong , Xu Bin
Published: March 2021

The accumulation of heat and moderate precipitation are the primary factors that are used by grasslands to trigger a green-up date. The accumulated growing degree-days (AGDD) requirement over the preseason is an important indicator of the response of grassland spring phenology to climate change. This study adopted the Normalized Difference Phenology Index (NDPI), which derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), to extract annual green-up dates in the Hulun Buir grassland in China between 2001–2015. Our analysis indicated that the range (standard deviation) and trend for the green-up date were DOY (day of year) 104 to DOY 144 (10.6 days) and −2.0 days per decade. Nine point two percent of the study area had significant (p < 0.05) changes in AGDD requirements. The partial correlations between the AGDD requirements and chilling days (67.04%, pixels proportion) were negative and significant (p < 0.05). The partial correlations between the AGDD requirement and precipitation (28.87%) were positive and significant (p < 0.05). Finally, the partial correlation between the AGDD requirement and insolation (97.65%) were positive and significant (p < 0.05). The results of this study could reveal the response of vegetation to climate warming and contribute to improving the phenological mechanism model of different grassland types in future research.
Characterization of Changes in P-Wave VCG Loops Following Pulmonary-Vein Isolation
Authors: Ortigosa Nuria , Cano Óscar , Sandberg Frida
Published: March 2021

Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice. Currently, catheter ablation for pulmonary-vein isolation is a well-established treatment for maintaining sinus rhythm when antiarrhythmic drugs do not succeed. Unfortunately, arrhythmia recurrence after catheter ablation remains common, with estimated rates of up to 45%. A better understanding of factors leading to atrial-fibrillation recurrence is needed. Hence, the aim of this study is to characterize changes in the atrial propagation pattern following pulmonary-vein isolation, and investigate the relation between such characteristics and atrial-fibrillation recurrence. Fifty patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation who had undergone catheter ablation were included in this study. Time-segment and vectorcardiogram-loop-morphology analyses were applied to characterize P waves extracted from 1 min long 12-lead electrocardiogram segments before and after the procedure, respectively. Results showed that P-wave vectorcardiogram loops were significantly less round and more planar, P waves and PR intervals were significantly shorter, and heart rate was significantly higher after the procedure. Differences were larger for patients who did not have arrhythmia recurrences at 2 years of follow-up; for these patients, the pre- and postprocedure P waves could be identified with 84% accuracy.
Electrochemical Immunosensor for the Quantification of S100B at Clinically Relevant Levels Using a Cysteamine Modified Surface
Authors: Rodríguez Alexander , Burgos-Flórez Francisco , Posada José D. , Cervera Eliana , Zucolotto Valtencir , Sanjuán Homero , Sanjuán Marco , Villalba Pedro J.
Published: March 2021

Neuronal damage secondary to traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a rapidly evolving condition, which requires therapeutic decisions based on the timely identification of clinical deterioration. Changes in S100B biomarker levels are associated with TBI severity and patient outcome. The S100B quantification is often difficult since standard immunoassays are time-consuming, costly, and require extensive expertise. A zero-length cross-linking approach on a cysteamine self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was performed to immobilize anti-S100B monoclonal antibodies onto both planar (AuEs) and interdigitated (AuIDEs) gold electrodes via carbonyl-bond. Surface characterization was performed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and specular-reflectance FTIR for each functionalization step. Biosensor response was studied using the change in charge-transfer resistance (Rct) from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in potassium ferrocyanide, with [S100B] ranging 10–1000 pg/mL. A single-frequency analysis for capacitances was also performed in AuIDEs. Full factorial designs were applied to assess biosensor sensitivity, specificity, and limit-of-detection (LOD). Higher Rct values were found with increased S100B concentration in both platforms. LODs were 18 pg/mL(AuES) and 6 pg/mL(AuIDEs). AuIDEs provide a simpler manufacturing protocol, with reduced fabrication time and possibly costs, simpler electrochemical response analysis, and could be used for single-frequency analysis for monitoring capacitance changes related to S100B levels.
Stability of a Viable Non-Minimal Bounce
Authors: Nandi Debottam
Published: March 2021

The main difficulties in constructing a viable early Universe bouncing model are: to bypass the observational and theoretical no-go theorem, to construct a stable non-singular bouncing phase, and perhaps, the major concern of it is to construct a stable attractor solution which can evade the Belinsky–Khalatnikov–Lifshitz (BKL) instability as well. In this article, in the homogeneous and isotropic background, we extensively study the stability analysis of the recently proposed viable non-minimal bouncing theory in the presence of an additional barotropic fluid and show that, the bouncing solution remains stable and can evade BKL instability for a wide range of the model parameter. We provide the expressions that explain the behavior of the Universe in the vicinity of the required fixed point i.e., the bouncing solution and compare our results with the minimal theory and show that ekpyrosis is the most stable solution in any scenario.
Noise and acoustic conditions of premises for hearing-impaired people in Korea
Authors: Jeong Cheol-Ho , Cho Wan-Ho , Chang Ji-Ho , Lee Sung-Hyun , Kang Chang-Wook , Park Jin-Gyun
Published: March 2021

Hearing-impaired people need more stringent acoustic and noise requirements than normal-hearing people in terms of speech intelligibility and listening effort. Multiple guidelines recommend a maximum reverberation time of 0.4 s in classrooms, signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) greater than
15 dB, and ambient noise levels lower than 35 dBA. We measured noise levels and room acoustic parameters of 12 classrooms in two schools for hearing-impaired pupils, a dormitory apartment for the hearing-impaired, and a church mainly for the hearing-impaired in the Republic of Korea. Additionally,
subjective speech clarity and quality of verbal communication were evaluated through questionnaires and interviews with hearing-impaired students in one school. Large differences in subjective speech perception were found between younger primary school pupils and older pupils. Subjective data
from the questionnaire and interview were inconsistent; major challenges in obtaining reliable subjective speech perception and limitations of the results are discussed.
GAMBARAN KADAR UREUM DAN KREATININ SERUM PADA PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIS (GGK) YANG MENJALANI TERAPI HEMODIALISIS DI RSUD SANJIWANI GIANYAR
Authors: Arjani Ida
Published: March 2021

The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste from the body such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine. When these organs stop functioning properly, waste builds up to high levels in the blood. In patients with kidney failure are usually equipped with a blood chemistry that urea and serum creatinine as an amplifier diagnosis of the patient's illness. CKD is the progressive loss of function of kidney and patient requires a long treatment in the form of renal replacement therapy. Hemodialysis is one of the renal replacement therapy, during waste products of the body are removed. Patients with kidney failure are associated with increased levels of some biochemical parameters. In several studies, urea and creatinine serum of CKD patients pre-dialysis revealed abnormal levels and indicated hyperuremic.

Therefore, this study was aimed to analyzed urea and creatinine serum in CKD patient undergoing hemodialysis in Sanjiwani Hospital. A description study, used purposive sampling methods, involving 30 patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis. Blood samples were analyzed for urea and creatinin level. Data are presented as table.

Results of this study showed that all samples (100%) had serum urea and creatinine levels high or exceed the normal limits. While of urea/creatinine levels as many as 20 patients (66,7%) had low ratio, 7 patients (23,3%) had a normal ratio, and 3 patients (10%) have a high ratio, so that it can be concluded that all patients had hyperuremic.

Key words: Urea, Creatinine, Hemodialysis
EFEK ANTI JAMUR AIR RENDAMAN DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR Trichophyton mentagrophytes SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Inyoman Jirna
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background Moringa oleifera is a plant that all parts can be used for medicinal purposes. Roots, flowers, bark, stems, leaves and seeds of Moringa has antimicrobial properties. Compound content in leaves of moringa, such as tannin,steroid, alkaloid, saponins ,and flavonoids .

ObjectiveThe purpose of this research was to know the different of Trichophyton mentagrophytes growth on various leaves of moringa (Moringa oleifera) concentration extract.

Methods This research uses a true experimental with post test only kontrol group design. The antifungal activity test use diffusion disk method, these were divided into four test group with concentration 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% and two kontrol group were positive kontrol (ketokonazole 2%) and negatif kontrol (sterile distilled water).

The result of this study showed that the average diameter of inhibition zone of concentration 25% until 100% is 0 mm. Statistic analysis was done by using Kolmogorof Smirnov test and Kruskal Wallis test. The test showed there was not a significant mean difference between group. All consentration haven’t an effect on Trichophyton mentagrophytes growth inhibition zone diameter.

For next research with same topics using pure extract leaves of moringa was recommended.

Keywords: Inhibition zone, Moringa oleifera, Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAUN KENIKIR (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Lutpiatina Leka , Amaliah Nur Rizqi , Dwiyanti Ratih Dewi
Published: March 2021

Daun kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) sudah lama dimanfaatkan masyarakat untuk dikonsumsi maupun pengobatan tradisional. Daun kenikir memiliki kandungan fenol, flavonoid, saponin dan tanin yang berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi hambat minimal dan konsentrasi bunuh minimal ekstrak daun kenikir terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus secara in vitro. Penelitian ini bersifat true eksperiment dengan rancangan postest only control group design. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi ekstrak daun kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.).  Variabel terikat dalam penelitian ini adalah bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil penelitian Konsentrasi Hambat Minimal (KHM) menunjukkan kekeruhan pada konsentrasi 160 mg/ml, 320 mg/ml dan adanya kejernihan pada konsentrasi 340 mg/ml, 380 mg/ml dan 400 mg/ml. Hasil penelitian Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimal (KBM) diperoleh jumlah koloni pada konsentrasi 160 mg/ml sebanyak 60 CFU/ml, 320 mg/ml sebanyak 12 CFU/ml, 340 mg/ml sebanyak 3 CFU/ml, 380 mg/ml sebanyak 0 CFU/ml dan 400 mg/ml sebanyak 0 CFU/ml. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa KHM ekstrak daun kenikir adalah 340 mg/ml dan KBM ekstrak daun kenikir adalah 380 mg/ml. Disarankan dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai pengaruh ekstrak daun kenikir terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus adalah dengan menggunakan pelarut lain.
GAMBARAN KADAR KREATININ SERUM PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2 DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT SANGLAH DENPASAR
Authors: Arjani Ida
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackground Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease which characterized by hyperglycemia due to abnormalities insulin secretions, insulin performance, or both of them. The condition of insulin resistance in DM type 2 causes chronic complications such as diabetic nephropathy. It has become the second leading cause of end-stage kidney disease, and one of the most common and demaging complication of diabetes. The level of creatinine in blood is one of the parameters used to assess renal function, as in the plasma concentration and excretion in the urine within 24 hours. Serum creatinine levels greater than the normal value suggests an impaired renal function. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine serum creatinine levels in patients with DM type 2 in Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar. Methods The method uses an analytical study with description, used accidental sampling methods, involving 30 patients with DM type 2. Blood samples were analyzed for creatinine levels and data are presented as table. The reslts  of this study showed that 60% samples had high levels of serum creatinine, 30% samples had normal levels serum creatinine, and 10% samples had low levels serum creatinine. From the result was concluded, most patients with DM type 2 in Sanglah Genaral Hospital have highly serum creatinine levels.                                                        Keywords: creatinine serum, DM type 2
Correlation between personality traits in parents and symptoms of autism in children
Authors: Pondé Milena Pereira , Oliveira Sabrina Calmon , Merelles Saulo Leal , Marcelino Siquara Gustavo
Published: March 2021

Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder may be more likely to have a mental disorder, both due to genetic and environmental reasons. A cross-sectional study involving 161 children, 161 mothers and 108 fathers. Diagnosis followed the criteria established in DSM–5. Symptom severity was evaluated using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. The Factorial Personality Inventory served to evaluate parents’ personality traits.  Several correlations were found between mothers and fathers personality traits and children symptoms. In both parents, personality traits associated with greater intransigence/less flexibility and fewer social skills were those associated with more severe autism symptoms in the children.
Total Nephron Number and Single-Nephron Parameters in Patients with IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Marumoto Hirokazu , Tsuboi Nobuo , D’Agati Vivette D. , Sasaki Takaya , Okabayashi Yusuke , Haruhara Kotaro , Kanzaki Go , Koike Kentaro , Shimizu Akira , Kawamura Tetsuya , Rule Andrew D. , Bertram John F. , Yokoo Takashi
Published: March 2021

Key Points

This is the first study that estimated total nephron number and related single-nephron parameters in patients with IgA nephropathy.

Associations of nephron-level parameters with CKD stage and clinicopathologic findings were cross-sectionally investigated.

This study illustrates the feasibility and usefulness of estimating single-nephron dynamics in human GN.

Background

Single-nephron dynamics in progressive IgA nephropathy (IgAN) have not been studied. We applied novel methodology to explore single-nephron parameters in IgAN.

Methods

Nonglobally sclerotic glomeruli (NSG) and globally sclerotic glomeruli (GSG) per kidney were estimated using cortical volume assessment via unenhanced computed tomography and biopsy-based stereology. Estimated single-nephron GFR (eSNGFR) and single-nephron urine protein excretion (SNUPE) were calculated by dividing eGFR and UPE by the number of NSG. Associations with CKD stage and clinicopathologic findings were cross-sectionally investigated.

Results

This study included 245 patients with IgAN (mean age 43 years, 62% male, 45% on renin-angiotensin aldosterone system [RAAS] inhibitors prebiopsy) evaluated at kidney biopsy. CKD stages were 10% CKD1, 43% CKD2, 19% CKD3a, 14% CKD3b, and 14% CKD4–5. With advancing CKD stage, NSG decreased from mean 992,000 to 300,000 per kidney, whereas GSG increased from median 64,000 to 202,000 per kidney. In multivariable models, advancing CKD stage associated with lower numbers of NSG, higher numbers of GSG, and lower numbers of GSG + NSG, indicating potential resorption of sclerosed glomeruli. In contrast to the higher mean glomerular volume and markedly elevated SNUPE in advanced CKD, the eSNGFR was largely unaffected by CKD stage. Lower SNGFR associated with Oxford scores for endocapillary hypercellularity and crescents, whereas higher SNUPE associated with segmental glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial scarring.

Conclusions

SNUPE emerged as a sensitive biomarker of advancing IgAN. The failure of eSNGFR to increase in response to reduced number of functioning nephrons suggests limited capacity for compensatory hyperfiltration by diseased glomeruli with intrinsic lesions.
Soil Biogeochemical Cycle Couplings Inferred from a Function-Taxon Network
Authors: Ma Bin , Stirling Erinne , Liu Yuanhui , Zhao Kankan , Zhou Jizhong , Singh Brajesh K. , Tang Caixian , Dahlgren Randy A. , Xu Jianming
Published: March 2021

Soil biogeochemical cycles and their interconnections play a critical role in regulating functions and services of environmental systems. However, the coupling of soil biogeochemical processes with their mediating microbes remains poorly understood. Here, we identified key microbial taxa regulating soil biogeochemical processes by exploring biomarker genes and taxa of contigs assembled from metagenomes of forest soils collected along a latitudinal transect (18° N to 48° N) in eastern China. Among environmental and soil factors, soil pH was a sensitive indicator for functional gene composition and diversity. A function-taxon bipartite network inferred from metagenomic contigs identified the microbial taxa regulating coupled biogeochemical cycles between carbon and phosphorus, nitrogen and sulfur, and nitrogen and iron. Our results provide novel evidence for the coupling of soil biogeochemical cycles, identify key regulating microbes, and demonstrate the efficacy of a new approach to investigate the processes and microbial taxa regulating soil ecosystem functions.
Geography and Demographics of Extreme Urban Heat Events in Santa Clara County, California
Authors: Potter Christopher
Published: March 2021

Summer heat waves inNorthern California continue to break records for extreme temperatures and put vulnerable urban populations at increasing risk for adverse health impacts. An analysis of Landsat land surface temperature data was conductedin this study to better understandthe geography and demographics of extreme urban heat events in Santa Clara County and the city of San Jose, California. The influence of several urban cover features including streets/roadways, parcel sizes and densities, impervious surfaces, and irrigated shrub/lawn cover were determined for county-wide surface heat patterns in early August 2020. Results showed that the surface temperature of the largest impervious (high-asphalt) surface features was significantly higher, at a mean value of 45°C, than the majority of the other areas across the entire county. In contrast, urban tracts with even partial coverage by irrigated green lawns, shrubs, and small trees had notable cooling effects on summer surface temperatures. Social demographic and household population variables from the U. S. Census Bureau were correlated against satellite surface temperature by census tract to reveal significant associations of family structure and education levels with local neighbourhood heat conditions.
An exploratory study of recovery of rare-earth elements from monazite in mild conditions using statistical-mixture design
Authors: A.C.S.P Souza , E.C Giese
Published: March 2021

Monazite is a phosphate mineral, considered an essential source of light rare-earth elements (REE). The present work sought to evaluate different methods of solubilization of REE through the use of different concentrations of inorganic acids (H2SO4, HCl, and HNO3) and organic acids (citric, oxalic, and lactic) in mild conditions at room temperature. According to the results, the inorganic acid solutions favored the solubilization in order of Ce3+, La3+, Nd3+, Pr3+, and Sm3+ elements, while organic acid solutions only favored the solubilization of Ce3+ and La3+. Nitric acid was the more efficient leaching agent for the first group. In the case of organic acids, lactic acid solubilized Ce3+, while mixtures of lactic and citric acids appeared to solubilize La3+.
Effects of Montmorillonite and Cane Sugar Composition on The Properties of Montmorillonite-Carbon Sulfonate Catalyst
Authors: Ferdinan Rizan , Utami Putri Qodria , Riyanti Fahma , Yuliasari Nova , Hasanudin Hasanudin
Published: March 2021

The influence of montmorillonite and cane sugar mixture with composition of 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 to the characteristics of the synthesized montmorillonite-carbon sulfonate composite catalyst had been investigated. The mixture of montmorillonite and cane sugar was carbonized at 400 oC for 15 hours and then sulfonated using sulfuric acid at 175 oC for 15 hours. The presence of sulfonate group was detected using FT-IR and the surface topology of the catalyst was characterized using SEM-EDX. FT-IR spectra showed the existence of sulfonate group at wave number of 1095 cm-1. SEM-EDX analysis showed that the catalyst with the montmorillonite and cane sugar ratio of 1:2 consisted of 1.06% sulfur. The catalyst activity was examined using an esterification reaction between acetic acid and ethanol, and the reaction products were characterized using GC-MS. The chromatogram peak at m/z = 88 confirmed that the product was ethyl acetate. Catalyst with the montmorillonite and cane sugar ratio of 1:2 was shown to have the highest acidity and gave the highest esterification product with 76.97% conversion.
Planejamento Hidrográfico em Microescala: o Caso do Quilombo Sítio Veiga, Quixadá (CE)
Authors: Vitor Loureiro Caroline , Rodrigues da Silva Danielle
Published: March 2021

Planejamento Hidrográfico em Microescala: o Caso do Quilombo Sítio Veiga, Quixadá (CE)
O Uso das Geotecnologias para o Mapeamento e Construção de Cisternas de Placas no Território Potiguar
Authors: Katiuscia Maia Barros Silmária , Beatriz Torres Janine , Balduino de Sousa Neto Pedro , Aliana Carlos Dantas Ivi
Published: March 2021

O Uso das Geotecnologias para o Mapeamento e Construção de Cisternas de Placas no Território Potiguar
Resiliência natural atual a secas da sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Jacareí (CE-PI)
Authors: de Amorim dos Santos Francílio
Published: March 2021

Resiliência natural atual a secas da sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Jacareí (CE-PI)
Geodiversidade: abordagens teóricas e práticas
Authors: Falcão Sobrinho José , Rodrigues do Nascimento Flávio , de Claudino-Sales Vanda
Published: March 2021

Diante do desenvolvimento de uma consciência nacional em aceitar a existência do semiárido como espacialidade dinâmica e em transformação, sobretudo pela ação dos agentes envolvidos em processos de larga escala produzidos pela reflexividade do conhecimento e pelos fluxos gigantescos de capitais, gerando efeitos ainda pouco calculáveis, seja sobre o meio ambiente, seja sobre os processos culturais, é que a Série Geografia do Semiárido propõe a verificação dos paradigmas estabelecidos pelas diversas ciências para abordar o semiárido. Concomitantemente, a identificação das experiências, metodologias e das abordagens pedagógicas em prática no semiárido, já que cada vez mais se reconhece que o desenvolvimento de um território pode ser impulsionado pelo reconhecimento das suas redes de pesquisas e educacionais como capazes de transmitir novas formas de organizar, administrar e conservar. A análise da natureza e da cultura por parte da Ciência constitui, desde a sua base, como uma ciência interdisciplinar, tornando-se cada vez mais pertinente o estudo da natureza e do homem no contexto da formação da paisagem. Inúmeros fatores interagem mutuamente na elaboração do espaço geográfico, neste emaranhado de fenômenos e elementos resultantes da paisagem, temos natureza e a cultura do semiárido. Sendo portanto, oportuno a realização de estudos e temas motivadores ao desenvolvimento na pesquisa. Oportuno trazer para a discussão sobre a Geodiversidade, tema emergente nas ciências, em particular nas geociências e na ciência geográfica.
KOMUNIKASI PADA ANAK PUTUS SEKOLAH (Studi Kasus Di Keluarga Nelayan Wonorejo Banyuputih)
Authors: AINIYAH NUR
Published: March 2021

This study is focusing on communication pattern of educational communication of fishermen children. The purpose of this study was to describe the education of fishermen children do not get stuck on dropout. So the focus (1) How does the social reality of fishing families in Wonorejo? (2) What are the perceptions of parents in regard to education for children? (3) How are the communication patterns of education in the family of fishermen to raise awareness of children in education? this research based on the qualitative analysis by reducing, observating, interviews and documents. The results of study that fishing are poor, that makes difficully to pursue their education to higher levels, it triggers the child has a "dropout". Second family communication is actually done intensely with the patterns of interpersonal communication. Third, the Communication to child in family occurs in three forms, between mother and father, parents and children and children with other children with social associative and dissociative.
Del lustre a la penuria. La cofradía del Santísimo Sacramento, Salta (Argentina). Primera mitad del siglo XIX
Authors: Quinteros Victor
Published: March 2021

En el presente artículo nos proponemos abordar el estudio de algunas de las características del proceso de secularización en la ciudad de Salta mediante el estudio de caso de la cofradía del Santísimo Sacramento. Nos interesa reconstruir la trayectoria de esta asociación religiosa y dar cuenta del conjunto de cambios que experimentó durante el transcurso de la primera mitad del siglo XIX. Para ello nos centraremos en el análisis de sus autoridades y cargos de gobierno; composición; bienes y recursos económicos; y algunas características de sus actividades religiosas. Trabajaremos principalmente con el “Libro” de la referida cofradía que contiene los registros de asientos de sus hermanos y el detalle de los balances contables efectuados en el periodo delimitado. Nuestra investigación nos permitirá observar el derrotero de una corporación de origen colonial y las características que su fisonomía adquirió en el tránsito de un régimen de cristiandad a una modernidad religiosa.
Dois irmãos, de Milton Hatoum: versões de homem cordial
Authors: Nogueira-Pretti Luciana Persice
Published: March 2021

A partir de elementos de continuidade entre os dois primeiros romances de Milton Hatoum (1952), Relato de um certo oriente (1989) e Dois irmãos (2000), este ensaio enfoca, no segundo romance, a caracterização dos personagens dos gêmeos, que existem no primeiro sob a denominação genérica de “irmãos ferozes”. A elaboração dessa caracterização transita entre antropologia, cultura e política, e acreditamos que pode ser comparável a um conceito fundamental de nossa historiografia moderna: o de “homem cordial”, de Sérgio Buarque de Holanda – lembrando que o historiador retrata o ser nacional como um homem essencialmente afetivo, que, por isso, personaliza suas relações (inclusive em âmbito público). No cenário urbano retratado em Dois irmãos pelo autor, o sobrado, a família e seus agregados constituem esse universo cordial, a ser analisado e onde os gêmeos da trama encarnam, em suma, dois lados de uma mesma moeda: cara (nativo) e máscara (estrangeiro) de um mesmo ser (nacional). O narrador, que nos pinta esse retrato repleno de encantamento e violência, revela-se tanto continuação quanto ruptura com esse ambiente e com essa história.
O doloroso registro do sensível
Authors: Barbosa Marlon Augusto
Published: March 2021

Resenha de Marlon Augusto Barbosa sobre o livro O complexo melancólico, de Guido Arosa, publicado no Rio de Janeiro em 2019 pela Editora Garamond.
A escola representada em Enigmalião, de Dinorath do Valle
Authors: De Oliveira Carvalho Cleiry , Da Silva Araújo Tavares Cássio
Published: March 2021

Neste ensaio, analisamos a violência em uma situação específica, a saber, a vivida em um ambiente educacional. Nossa análise perpassa (1) o problema de como a contradição entre educação e reprodução social se objetiva na formalização literária da escola na literatura brasileira e, de outro lado, (2) o problema da relação entre forma estética, técnica literária e formação social no processo histórico. Em Enigmalião, pode-se reconhecer o período histórico conhecido como Ditadura Militar e interpretar o que esse período representa politicamente para a educação. A violência se apresenta de diferentes formas e é muito ampla. De certa maneira, a violência persiste no tempo narrado e possibilita enxergar suas nuanças na escola de hoje. A violência, por ser um fato humano e social, é histórica. E está na escola – autoritarismo, submissão e resistência, conflitos entre educador e educando etc.
O primitivismo em Manoel de Barros
Authors: Mattos Ricardo Mendes
Published: March 2021

Manoel de Barros encontra a originalidade de sua poesia num retorno às origens: as fontes “primitivas” do ser. Essa sua vanguarda primitiva é analisada em O livro das ignorãças, especialmente nos personagens da criança, do louco, do índio, do caboclo e do próprio poeta. Verifica-se que todos esses personagens não possuem uma identidade definida, mas são assemelhados em três traços marcantes: a “ignorãça” ou o desconhecimento das representações convencionais sobre o mundo e a linguagem; o devir em diversas outras formas de vida animal, vegetal ou astral; e a criação poética, com um uso espontâneo das palavras. Conclui-se que Manoel de Barros projeta a si próprio nesses múltiplos personagens, expediente comum entre artistas modernos, segundo teóricos que analisam o primitivismo artístico.
Regional Features of the Incidence of Diseases of the Circulatory System in the Population
of the Orenburg Region
Authors: Borshchuk EL , Begun DN , Varennikova YuV , Duisembaeva AN
Published: March 2021

Introduction: At present, National Healthcare and Demography Projects are being implemented in the Russian Federation and in the Orenburg Region, including the Regional Project for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases. Within the National Healthcare Project, the task has been set to reduce the mortality rate from diseases of the circulatory system to 450 per 100,000 population by the year 2024 (from 573.6 per 100,000 population registered in 2018). The regional goal is 477 per 100,000 population in 2024 (against 635.5 per 100,000 population in the year 2018). However, practical implementation of the project shows that in 2019–2020, the targets were not achieved. It is, therefore, important to monitor this indicator and to assess preventable losses associated with diseases of the circulatory system by all possible means including with the use of information technologies. Our objective was to establish regional features of the structure, dynamics, and rates of diseases of the circulatory system among the population of the region and to determine municipalities with high rates of cardiovascular disorders. Materials and methods: We used data of the Russian statistical collections “Medical and Demographic Indicators”, “Morbidity of the Population of Russia”, and annual information and analytical collections of the Orenburg Medical Information and Analytical Center for the years 2009–2018 to conduct a time series analysis. Results: We observed an increase in the incidence rate of diseases of the circulatory system in the population of the Orenburg Region over the ten-year period. The maximum regional rate of 67.0 ± 1.8 per 1,000 population was registered in 2018 while the minimum rate was observed in 2009 and equaled 27.0 ± 0.27 per 1,000 population. Conclusion: The study period was characterized by an increase in the incidence of diseases of the circulatory system accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in the adult population of the Orenburg Region. The diseases related to high blood pressure ranked first.
Impacto territorial de la concentración económica en el norte de México en 2018
Authors: Valdez Sandovoal Francisco Humberto
Published: March 2021

En el norte de México, las asimetrías regionales son causadas por la concentración económica de los municipios de la región: por un lado, la hipótesis alternativa sostiene la existencia de dependencia espacial entre los municipios; por el contrario, la hipótesis nula, argumenta la ausencia de dependencia espacial, es decir, la densidad económica de los municipios no está dada por la concentración económica de sus municipios vecinos. Este análisis se realizó a partir del censo económico de INEGI 2018. El artículo: 1) presenta los referentes teóricos y la estrategia metodológica desarrollada; 2) revisa las políticas de desarrollo regional; 3) analiza la densidad económica de los espacios municipales desde el enfoque de análisis exploratorio de datos, empleando la econometría espacial con base en el cálculo del Índice de Moran y los sistemas de información geográfica. En conclusión, la apertura comercial ha contribuido a reforzar las asimetrías regionales en el territorio, pues no sólo persisten, sino que se profundizan en los municipios tradicionalmente retrasados a medida que se globalizan las economías estatales y nacional. Además, en este territorio, los programas implementados son diseñados por el gobierno federal y responden a criterios sectoriales y mandatos en sus secretarías.
Trauma psicosocial y estrés postraumático en las “viudas blancas” por la explosión de un ducto de gasolina en el Municipio de Tlahuelilpan, Hidalgo
Authors: López Pozos Cecilia
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo realiza un análisis de las consecuencias del trauma psicosocial que vivieron “las viudas blancas”, mujeres indígenas que perdieron a sus parejas en la explosión de los ductos de Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex), el 18 de enero de 2019, en el Municipio de Tlahuelilpan, Hidalgo, México. El estudio fue basado teóricamente en el trauma psicosocial y la metodología cualitativa, con un diseño etnográfico, aplicando las técnicas de observación participativa, entrevista en profundidad y diario de campo, realizado con una muestra de diez mujeres, de 30 a 60 años de edad. Los resultados muestran que la alta vulnerabilidad social que padecen las viudas en sus contextos, las pone en riesgo desarrollando el trauma psicosocial cuyas consecuencias son el duelo traumático, los estigmas socioculturales y el estrés postraumático. Las conclusiones refieren que los contextos de alta vulnerabilidad social, en donde viven las mujeres de diferentes culturas antes de ser viudas, coinciden con las mujeres otomíes para desarrollar el trauma psicosocial. La forma de enfrentar el estrés postraumático radica en la particularidad de las culturas para sobreponerse y enfrentar la viudez; de igual manera, las mujeres indígenas durante siglos han enfrentado discriminación y carencias sociales, en consecuencia, tienen un alto grado de afrontamiento y capacidad de resiliencia.
Entre jogos: Una discusión poscolonial sobre la regulación de la Capoeira
Authors: Ferreira de Souza Raimundo
Published: March 2021

El artículo presenta las discusiones suscitadas por la propuesta de ley PL 3640/2020, presentada por el Diputado Lafayette de Andrada, la cual, tiene como fin regular las actividades profesionales de las personas que practican Capoeira. Esta discusión se suma a los múltiples intentos que se han impulsado por regular la práctica de la Capoeira. Por ello, el estudio se funda en un análisis poscolonial sobre los intentos de regulación de la Capoeira que han sido propuestos por las autoridades del gobierno brasileño. A partir de lo cual, se puede concluir que las relaciones políticas entre las autoridades y las personas que practican Capoeira muestran la pervivencia de prácticas colonialistas en torno al control de los saberes populares afrobrasileños.
Mínimo vital y salario mínimo, en la política laboral mexicana desde la filosofía política
Authors: Cárdenas Cabello Fernando
Published: March 2021

El mínimo vital es una concepción que sirve para determinar el nivel más básico de requerimientos de los cuales se vale una persona para su subsistencia y satisfacer sus necesidades más apremiantes, entendidas así desde la perspectiva de los derechos humanos. El salario mínimo en México, determinado por una comisión tripartita tendría que contemplar estos aspectos para recuperar el poder adquisitivo que tal elemento componente de los derechos laborales ha perdido en México y que este (el salario mínimo) deje de servir sólo como un indicador para la imposición de multas y referente de empleos infra retribuidos, para recuperar lo que a mediados del siglo pasado fue, un parámetro de retribución equitativa al trabajo, que permita la subsistencia digna de la persona. Después de una revisión comparativa del salario mínimo en México con el de otros países de Latinoamérica, se identificó que este indicador en México es de los más bajos es esta región, se concluye que la adecuación y aumento del salario mínimo en México, si bien ajustada en la actual administración federal, resulta necesario que se siga aumentando y se hace una propuesta.
Spin Hall effect in amorphous YPt alloy
Authors: Shirokura Takanori , Fujiwara Kou , Nam Hai Pham
Published: March 2021

We investigated the spin Hall effect (SHE) in amorphous YPt alloy. In amorphous YPt thin films with various resistivity and thickness, we observed strong sensitivity of the effective spin Hall angle to resistivity, which was found to be governed by the intrinsic mechanism with large intrinsic spin Hall conductivity of 700 ± 100 Ω−1 cm−1 and the extrinsic side-jump mechanism with opposite polarity. Despite the amorphous nature, the measured spin relaxation length in YPt is 0.9 nm, which is longer than that expected for crystallized Pt-based alloys with the same resistivity. Our results highlight the importance of the intrinsic mechanism to the SHE in amorphous alloys.
The promising thermoelectric performance of newly synthesized bulk SrCu2GeSe4 and BaCu2SnSe4 associated with superior band degeneracy
Authors: Wang Cong , Ding Guangqian
Published: March 2021

The thermoelectric transport properties with the variations of carrier concentration, temperature and strain of bulk SrCu2GeSe4 and BaCu2SnSe4 are studied by using the first-principles calculations with the Boltzmann transport equation. A multi-valley degenerate valence band is gained for BaCu2SnSe4, which is responsible for its comparatively high power factor. The power factor of p-type doped SrCu2GeSe4 is enhanced to 35 μW cm−1 K−2 when applying a 2% tensile strain at 300 K. The ZT values of 1.01 (0.94) and 1.60 (1.36) are acquired at 700 K for n- and p-type BaCu2SnSe4 (SrCu2GeSe4), respectively, predicting that both the two compounds are hopeful thermoelectric materials.
The Influence of HR Competence and Intellectual Capital on the Performance of MSMEs in Sasirangan Craftsmen
Authors: Sampurnawati S. , Agustina Titien
Published: March 2021

This study aims to (1) describe the competence of Human Resources (HR), intellectual capital and the performance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) engaged in the production of Sasirangan, a typical cloth of South Kalimantan (2) Analyze the influence of the level of competence of Human Resources ( HR) and intellectual capital on the performance of Sasirangan MSMEs. (3) Analyzing the competence of Human Resources (HR) and intellectual capital have a dominant effect on the performance of Sasirangan SMEs. Associative research method on 40 respondents taken by total sampling method. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression. The results showed that the competence of Human Resources (HR) and intellectual capital had a positive and significant effect on the performance of MSMEs. Between these two variables, intellectual capital has a more dominant influence on Sasirangan MSMEs.