bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marginal semiparametric transformation models for clustered multivariate competing risks data
Authors: He Yizeng , Kim Soyoung , Mao Lu , Ahn Kwang Woo
Published: September 2022

Multivariate survival models are often used in studying multiple outcomes for right‐censored data. However, the outcomes of interest often have competing risks, where standard multivariate survival models may lead to invalid inferences. For example, patients who had stem cell transplantation may experience multiple types of infections after transplant while reconstituting their immune system, where death without experiencing infections is a competing risk for infections. Such competing risks data often suffer from cluster effects due to a matched pair design or correlation within study centers. The cumulative incidence function (CIF) is widely used to summarize competing risks outcomes. Thus, it is often of interest to study direct covariate effects on the CIF. Most literature on clustered competing risks data analyses is limited to the univariate proportional subdistribution hazards model with inverse probability censoring weighting which requires correctly specifying the censoring distribution. We propose a marginal semiparametric transformation model for multivariate competing risks outcomes. The proposed model does not require modeling the censoring distribution, accommodates nonproportional subdistribution hazards structure, and provides a platform for joint inference of all causes and outcomes.
Robust analysis of cancer heterogeneity for high‐dimensional data
Authors: Cheng Chao , Feng Xingdong , Li Xiaoguang , Wu Mengyun
Published: September 2022

Cancer heterogeneity plays an important role in the understanding of tumor etiology, progression, and response to treatment. To accommodate heterogeneity, cancer subgroup analysis has been extensively conducted. However, most of the existing studies share the limitation that they cannot accommodate heavy‐tailed or contaminated outcomes and also high dimensional covariates, both of which are not uncommon in biomedical research. In this study, we propose a robust subgroup identification approach based on M‐estimators together with concave and pairwise fusion penalties, which advances from existing studies by effectively accommodating high‐dimensional data containing some outliers. The penalties are applied on both latent heterogeneity factors and covariates, where the estimation is expected to achieve subgroup identification and variable selection simultaneously, with the number of subgroups being apriori unknown. We innovatively develop an algorithm based on parallel computing strategy, with a significant advantage of capable of processing large‐scale data. The convergence property of the proposed algorithm, oracle property of the penalized M‐estimators, and selection consistency of the proposed BIC criterion are carefully established. Simulation and analysis of TCGA breast cancer data demonstrate that the proposed approach is promising to efficiently identify underlying subgroups in high‐dimensional data.
Group sequential methods for interim monitoring of randomized clinical trials with time‐lagged outcome
Authors: Tsiatis Anastasios A. , Davidian Marie
Published: September 2022

The primary analysis in two‐arm clinical trials usually involves inference on a scalar treatment effect parameter; for example, depending on the outcome, the difference of treatment‐specific means, risk difference, risk ratio, or odds ratio. Most clinical trials are monitored for the possibility of early stopping. Because ordinarily the outcome on any given subject can be ascertained only after some time lag, at the time of an interim analysis, among the subjects already enrolled, the outcome is known for only a subset and is effectively censored for those who have not been enrolled sufficiently long for it to be observed. Typically, the interim analysis is based only on the data from subjects for whom the outcome has been ascertained. A goal of an interim analysis is to stop the trial as soon as the evidence is strong enough to do so, suggesting that the analysis ideally should make the most efficient use of all available data, thus including information on censoring as well as other baseline and time‐dependent covariates in a principled way. A general group sequential framework is proposed for clinical trials with a time‐lagged outcome. Treatment effect estimators that take account of censoring and incorporate covariate information at an interim analysis are derived using semiparametric theory and are demonstrated to lead to stronger evidence for early stopping than standard approaches. The associated test statistics are shown to have the independent increments structure, so that standard software can be used to obtain stopping boundaries.
Oral Nanomotor‐Enabled Mucus Traverse and Tumor Penetration for Targeted Chemo‐Sono‐Immunotherapy against Colon Cancer
Authors: Cao Yingui , Liu Shengsheng , Ma Ya , Ma Lingli , Zu Menghang , Sun Jianfeng , Dai Fangyin , Duan Lian , Xiao Bo
Published: September 2022

The therapeutic outcomes of oral nanomedicines against colon cancer are heavily compromised by their lack of specific penetration into the internal tumor, favorable anti‐tumor activity, and activation of anti‐tumor immunity. Herein, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)/ultrasound (US)‐driven mesoporous manganese oxide (MnOx)‐based nanomotors are constructed by loading mitochondrial sonosensitizers into their mesoporous channels and orderly dual‐functionalizing their surface with silk fibroin and chondroitin sulfate. The locomotory activities and tumor‐targeting capacities of the resultant nanomotors (CS‐ID@NMs) are greatly improved in the presence of H2O2 and US irradiation, inducing efficient mucus‐traversing and deep tumor penetration. The excess H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is decomposed into hydroxyl radicals and oxygen by an Mn2+‐mediated Fenton‐like reaction, and the produced oxygen participates in sonodynamic therapy (SDT), yielding abundant singlet oxygen. The combined Mn2+‐mediated chemodynamic therapy and SDT cause effective ferropotosis of tumor cells and accelerate the release of tumor antigens. Importantly, animal experiments reveal that the treatment of combining oral hydrogel (chitosan/alginate)‐embedding CS‐ID@NMs and immune checkpoint inhibitors can simultaneously suppress the growth of primary and distal tumors through direct killing, reversion of immunosuppressive TME, and potentiation of systemic anti‐tumor immunity, demonstrating that the CS‐ID@NM‐based platform is a robust oral system for synergistic treatment of colon cancer.
Individual differences in the positive outcome from adolescent ketamine treatment in a female mouse model of anorexia nervosa involve drebrin A at excitatory synapses of the medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Temizer Rose , Chen Yi‐Wen , Aoki Chiye
Published: September 2022

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a mental illness with the highest rates of mortality and relapse, and no approved pharmacological treatment. Using an animal model of AN, called activity‐based anorexia (ABA), we showed earlier that a single intraperitoneal injection of ketamine at a dose of 30 mg/kg (30mgKET), but not 3 mg/kg (3mgKET), has a long‐lasting effect upon adolescent females of ameliorating anorexia‐like symptoms through the following changes: enhanced food consumption and body weight; reduced running and anxiety‐like behavior. However, there were also individual differences in the drug's efficacy. We hypothesized that individual differences in ketamine's ameliorative effects involve drebrin A, an F‐actin‐binding protein known to be required for the activity‐dependent trafficking of NMDA receptors (NMDARs). We tested this hypothesis by electron microscopic quantifications of drebrin A immunoreactivity at excitatory synapses of pyramidal neurons (PN) and GABAergic interneurons (GABA‐IN) in deep layer 1 of prefrontal cortex (PFC) of these mice. Results reveal that (1) the areal density of excitatory synapses on GABA‐IN is greater for the 30mgKET group than the 3mgKET group; (2) the proportion of drebrin A+ excitatory synapses is greater for both PN and GABA‐IN of 30mgKET than 3mgKET group. Correlation analyses with behavioral measurements revealed that (3) 30mgKET's protection is associated with reduced levels of drebrin A in the cytoplasm of GABA‐IN and higher levels at extrasynaptic membranous sites of PN and GABA‐IN; (5) altogether pointing to 30mgKET‐induced homeostatic plasticity that engages drebrin A at excitatory synapses of both PN and GABA‐IN.
Aminolysis of Lithium/Yttrium Bimetallic Alkyls including the Solid‐State Structure of a Europium(II) n‐Butyl Compound
Authors: Berger Tassilo , Baschnagel David , Maichle‐Mössmer Cäcilia , Anwander Reiner
Published: September 2022

Using previously established salt‐metathesis procedures at low temperature, heterobimetallic ate complexes Li6EuII(n‐Bu)8(thf)6 and Li3YIII(i‐Bu)6(thf)4 could be synthesized and their solid‐state structures analyzed by X‐ray diffraction. Recently described complex Li3Y(n‐Bu)6(thf)4 was probed as a precursor in protonolyses with various amines, revealing distinct reaction pathways. Identified products comprise homoleptic amide Y[HNC6H3(mes)2‐2,6]3 (mes=C6H2Me3‐2,4,6), heteroleptic C−H‐bond activated Li3Y(n‐Bu)2[N(SiMe2CH2)(C6H3‐Me2‐3,5)]2(thf)5, and mixed amido/imido complex [LiY2(HNSiPh3)4(NSiPh3)2][Li(thf)2(OEt2)2].
Reactivity of Copper Complexes with Tripodal Tetradentate Ligands based on Camphoric Acid towards Dioxygen
Authors: Stöhr Fabian , Specht Pascal , Becker Jonathan , Göttlich Richard , Schindler Siegfried
Published: September 2022

The reaction of dioxygen with copper(I) complexes containing camphor‐derived ligands was investigated. Stopped‐flow measurements revealed the formation of bis(μ‐oxido) copper complexes at low temperatures. However, these intermediates were not stable enough to be isolated and decomposed quickly. Sterically more demanding alkyl groups slowed the formation of the bis(μ‐oxido) copper complexes. A kinetic analysis was performed and showed ‐ in line with previous reports ‐ that the rate‐determining step could be assigned to forming a mononuclear superoxido copper complex. For one of the reactions investigated, a product could be structurally characterized and turned out to be a copper(II) complex with an additional hydroxide as a ligand (most likely caused by a C−H abstraction from the solvent acetone). One of the complexes oxidized thioanisole to the corresponding sulfoxide (conversion of 34 % according to GC‐MS) with no byproducts. Chiral GC gave an enantiomeric excess of 14 %.
Basic Human Values and Moral Foundations Theory in ValueNet Ontology
Authors: De Giorgis Stefano , Gangemi Aldo , Damiano Rossana
Published: September 2022

Values, as intended in ethics, determine the shape and validity of moral and social norms, grounding our everyday individual and community behavior on commonsense knowledge. The attempt to untangle human moral and social value-oriented structure of relations requires investigating both the dimension of subjective human perception of the world, and socio-cultural dynamics and multi-agent social interactions. Formalising latent moral content in human interaction is an appealing perspective that would enable a deeper understanding of both social dynamics and individual cognitive and behavioral dimension. To formalize this broad knowledge area, in the context of ValueNet, a modular ontology representing and operationalising moral and social values, we present two modules aiming at representing two main informal theories in literature: (i) the Basic Human Values theory by Shalom Schwartz and (ii) the Moral Foundations Theory by Graham and Haidt. ValueNet is based on reusable Ontology Design Patterns, is aligned to the DOLCE foundational ontology, and is a component of the Framester factual-linguistic knowledge graph.
Human-Centric Ontology Evaluation: Process and Tool Support
Authors: Tsaneva Stefani , Käsznar Klemens , Sabou Marta
Published: September 2022

As ontologies enable advanced intelligent applications, ensuring their correctness is crucial. While many quality aspects can be automatically verified, some evaluation tasks can only be solved with human intervention. Nevertheless, there is currently no generic methodology or tool support available for human-centric evaluation of ontologies. This leads to high efforts for organizing such evaluation campaigns as ontology engineers are neither guided in terms of the activities to follow nor do they benefit from tool support. To address this gap, we propose HERO - a Human-Centric Ontology Evaluation PROcess, capturing all preparation, execution and follow-up activities involved in such verifications. We further propose a reference architecture of a support platform, based on HERO. We perform a case-study-centric evaluation of HERO and its reference architecture and observe a decrease in the manual effort up to 88% when ontology engineers are supported by the proposed artifacts versus a manual preparation of the evaluation.
Effluents and residues from industrial sites for carbon dioxide capture: a review
Authors: Baena-Moreno Francisco M. , Leventaki Emmanouela , Riddell Alexander , Wojtasz-Mucha Joanna , Bernin Diana
Published: September 2022

The adverse effects of climate change calls for the rapid transformation of manufacturing processes to decrease the emissions of carbon dioxide. In particular, a lower carbon footprint can be achieved by capturing carbon dioxide at the site of emission. Here we review the use of industrial effluents, waste and residues to capture carbon dioxide. Waste include steelmaking slag, municipal solid waste incinerator ashes, combustion fly ash, black liquor, paper mill waste, mining waste, cement waste, construction and demolition waste, waste from the organic industry, and flue gas desulfurization gypsum waste. Capture capacities range from 2 to 800 kg of carbon dioxide per ton of waste, depending on processes, waste type and conditions. Cement waste and flue gas desulfurization gypsum waste show the highest capture capacity per ton of waste.
Determinants for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the general population: a systematic review of reviews
Authors: Kafadar Aysegul Humeyra , Tekeli Gamze Gizem , Jones Katy A. , Stephan Blossom , Dening Tom
Published: September 2022

Aim

Although multiple COVID-19 vaccines are approved for global use, vaccine hesitancy poses a substantial risk for global health. Therefore, the aim of this umbrella review is to identify those factors that influence COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in the general population. This is necessary to improve the effectiveness of future vaccination programmes.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Scopus, PsycInfo, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Epistemonikos, and PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) were searched on December 21, 2021. This review included reviews which investigated factors of intention, willingness, or hesitancy with regard to the COVID-19 vaccination in adult populations, with no restrictions on setting. Content-based structure was used to synthesise the extracted data. The findings were presented based on the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) Working Group Model for vaccine hesitancy.

Results

A total of 3,392 studies were identified, of which 31 met the inclusion criteria. The most frequently documented factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy included contextual factors, such as sex, age, and social inequalities; individual and group factors, such as trust in the healthcare system, public health authorities, and governments, and history of vaccination; vaccine-specific factors, such as concern for vaccine safety, perceived vaccine barriers, perceived effectiveness of vaccines, and concern about the rapid development of the vaccine; and disease-specific factors, such as fear of being infected with COVID-19, perceived severity of COVID-19, and knowledge of COVID-19.

Conclusion

There are multiple factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Our findings lay the foundation to further understand COVID-19 vaccination uptake and provide possible targets for intervention programmes. However, there are gaps in research concerning certain populations, including vaccination in people with mental disorders.
Trehalose–Carnosine Prevents the Effects of Spinal Cord Injury Through Regulating Acute Inflammation and Zinc(II) Ion Homeostasis
Authors: Paterniti Irene , Filippone Alessia , Naletova Irina , Greco Valentina , Sciuto Sebastiano , Esposito Emanuela , Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Rizzarelli Enrico
Published: September 2022

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to long-term and permanent motor dysfunctions, and nervous system abnormalities. Injury to the spinal cord triggers a signaling cascade that results in activation of the inflammatory cascade, apoptosis, and Zn(II) ion homeostasis. Trehalose (Tre), a nonreducing disaccharide, and l-carnosine (Car), (β-alanyl-l-histidine), one of the endogenous histidine dipeptides have been recognized to suppress early inflammatory effects, oxidative stress and to possess neuroprotective effects. We report on the effects of the conjugation of Tre with Car (Tre–car) in reducing inflammation in in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro study was performed using rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cell line). After 24 h, Tre–car, Car, Tre, and Tre + Car mixture treatments, cells were collected and used to investigate Zn2+ homeostasis. The in vivo model of SCI was induced by extradural compression of the spinal cord at the T6–T8 levels. After treatments with Tre, Car and Tre–Car conjugate 1 and 6 h after SCI, spinal cord tissue was collected for analysis. In vitro results demonstrated the ionophore effect and chelating features of l-carnosine and its conjugate. In vivo, the Tre–car conjugate treatment counteracted the activation of the early inflammatory cascade, oxidative stress and apoptosis after SCI. The Tre–car conjugate stimulated neurotrophic factors release, and influenced Zn2+ homeostasis. We demonstrated that Tre–car, Tre and Car treatments improved tissue recovery after SCI. Tre–car decreased proinflammatory, oxidative stress mediators release, upregulated neurotrophic factors and restored Zn2+ homeostasis, suggesting that Tre–car may represent a promising therapeutic agent for counteracting the consequences of SCI.
Community-level characteristics of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in England: A nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Bucyibaruta Georges , Blangiardo Marta , Konstantinoudis Garyfallos
Published: September 2022

One year after the start of the COVID-19 vaccination programme in England, more than 43 million people older than 12 years old had received at least a first dose. Nevertheless, geographical differences persist, and vaccine hesitancy is still a major public health concern; understanding its determinants is crucial to managing the COVID-19 pandemic and preparing for future ones. In this cross-sectional population-based study we used cumulative data on the first dose of vaccine received by 01-01-2022 at Middle Super Output Area level in England. We used Bayesian hierarchical spatial models and investigated if the geographical differences in vaccination uptake can be explained by a range of community-level characteristics covering socio-demographics, political view, COVID-19 health risk awareness and targeting of high risk groups and accessibility. Deprivation is the covariate most strongly associated with vaccine uptake (Odds Ratio 0.55, 95%CI 0.54-0.57; most versus least deprived areas). The most ethnically diverse areas have a 38% (95%CI 36-40%) lower odds of vaccine uptake compared with those least diverse. Areas with the highest proportion of population between 12 and 24 years old had lower odds of vaccination (0.87, 95%CI 0.85-0.89). Finally increase in vaccine accessibility is associated with COVID-19 vaccine coverage (OR 1.07, 95%CI 1.03-1.12). Our results suggest that one year after the start of the vaccination programme, there is still evidence of inequalities in uptake, affecting particularly minorities and marginalised groups. Strategies including prioritising active outreach across communities and removing practical barriers and factors that make vaccines less accessible are needed to level up the differences.
Systole length in hyperbolic n-Manifolds
Authors: Scull Joe
Published: September 2022

We show that the length R of a systole of a closed hyperbolic n-manifold $$(n \ge 3)$$

(
n
≥
3
)

admitting a triangulation by tn-simplices can be bounded below by a function of n and t, namely $$\begin{aligned} R \ge \frac{1}{2^{(nt)^{O(n^4t)} }} . \end{aligned}$$

R
≥

1

2

(
n
t
)

O
(

n
4

t
)

.

We do this by finding a relation between the number of n-simplices and the diameter of the manifold and by giving explicit bounds for a well known relation between the length of the core curve of a Margulis tube and its radius. We prove the same result for finite volume manifolds, with a similar but slightly more involved proof.
Non-transitive Correspondence Analysis
Authors: Petrukhin Yaroslav , Shangin Vasily
Published: September 2022

The paper’s novelty is in combining two comparatively new fields of research: non-transitive logic and the proof method of correspondence analysis. To be more detailed, in this paper the latter is adapted to Weir’s non-transitive trivalent logic $${\mathbf{NC}}_{\mathbf{3}}$$

NC
3

. As a result, for each binary extension of $${\mathbf{NC}}_{\mathbf{3}}$$

NC
3

, we present a sound and complete Lemmon-style natural deduction system. Last, but not least, we stress the fact that Avron and his co-authors’ general method of obtaining n-sequent proof systems for any n-valent logic with deterministic or non-deterministic matrices is not applicable to $${\mathbf{NC}}_{\mathbf{3}}$$

NC
3

and its binary extensions.
Identification of the most important external features of highly cited scholarly papers through 3 (i.e., Ridge, Lasso, and Boruta) feature selection data mining methods
Authors: Fahimifar Sepideh , Mousavi Khadijeh , Mozaffari Fatemeh , Ausloos Marcel
Published: September 2022

Highly cited papers are influenced by external factors that are not directly related to the document's intrinsic quality. In this study, 50 characteristics for measuring the performance of 68 highly cited papers, from theJournal of The American Medical Informatics Associationindexed inWeb of Science(WOS), from 2009 to 2019 were investigated. In the first step, a Pearson correlation analysis is performed to eliminate variables with zero or weak correlation with the target (“dependent”) variable (number of citations in WOS). Consequently, 32 variables are selected for the next step. By applying the Ridge technique, 13 features show a positive effect on the number of citations. Using three different algorithms, i.e., Ridge, Lasso, and Boruta, 6 factors appear to be the most relevant ones. The "Number of citations by international researchers", "Journal self-citations in citing documents”, and "Authors' self-citations in citing documents”, are recognized as the most important features by all three methods here used. The "First author's scientific age”, "Open-access paper”, and "Number of first author's citations in WOS" are identified as the important features of highly cited papers by only two methods, Ridge and Lasso. Notice that we use specific machine learning algorithms as feature selection methods (Ridge, Lasso, and Boruta) to identify the most important features of highly cited papers, tools that had not previously been used for this purpose. In conclusion, we re-emphasize the performance resulting from such algorithms. Moreover, we do not advise authors to seek to increase the citations of their articles by manipulating the identified performance features. Indeed, ethical rules regarding these characteristics must be strictly obeyed.
Umkämpfte Globalisierung: Amerikanische und europäische Reaktionen auf Chinas Aufstieg im Hochtechnologiebereich
Authors: Schmalz Stefan , Gräf Helena , Köncke Philipp , Schneidemesser Lea
Published: September 2022

Der Aufstieg Chinas hat zu einer Reihe von Konflikten mit den führenden westlichen Ländern geführt. Der Hintergrund dieser Auseinandersetzungen besteht darin, dass chinesische Konzerne zu ernsthaften Konkurrenten US-amerikanischer und europäischer Unternehmen geworden sind und die Ordnungsvorstellungen von US- und EU-Machteliten auf der einen und jene Chinas auf der anderen Seite auseinanderdriften. Denn in China sind politische und wirtschaftliche Macht anders organisiert als in den westlichen Marktwirtschaften: Der Parteistaat ist (Teil‑)Eigentümer wichtiger Unternehmen und interveniert offen mit Fünfjahresplänen in die Volkswirtschaft. Die Kommunistische Partei Chinas ist als Regulationsinstanz in Unternehmen präsent. Gleichzeitig organisiert der Parteistaat seine Herrschaft durch Output-Legitimität und funktioniert vielerorts als kennziffergesteuertes, meritokratisches System. Die Expansion des hybriden chinesischen Parteistaatskapitalismus führt deshalb zu einem neuen Systemkonflikt: Wirtschaftlich werden aufstrebende chinesische (Staats‑)Unternehmen zu Konkurrenten, politisch wird die Kontrolle von sensiblen Datenströmen und Infrastrukturnetzwerken zum Streitpunkt. In dem Artikel werden aktuelle Konfliktdynamiken zwischen den USA und China einerseits und der EU und China andererseits in den Bereichen Außenhandel, Investitionen, Hochtechnologie und Industriepolitik aus der Perspektive der Vergleichenden Politischen Ökonomie und des Weltsystemansatzes untersucht. Es werden jeweils Unterschiede in den Reaktionen herausgearbeitet: Die USA setzten auf eine aggressive Handels- und Sanktionspolitik, während die EU mit defensiveren Maßnahmen reagiert hat. Es wird gezeigt, wie diese Konflikte Chinas staatsgetriebene Globalisierungsstrategie verändern und zur Restrukturierung der Weltwirtschaft beitragen.
“The whole world is becoming more like Russia.” A conversation on deglobalization in the wake of the war in Ukraine
Authors: Kagarlitsky Boris , Puder Janina , Schmalz Stefan
Published: September 2022

The Russian invasion of Ukraine is having profound repercussions for the international system and the global economy. In this conversation, Boris Kagarlitsky, professor at the Moscow School for Social and Economic Sciences and long-standing analyst of Russian society, politics, and the global political economy, discusses the implications of the war on the Russian economy, its financial sector, and the Russian elite. Furthermore, Kagarlitsky analyzes the ongoing crisis of globalization, in particular Western sanctions, rising commodity prices, and the current role of China.
Digital Covid Certificates as Immunity Passports: An Analysis of Their Main Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues
Authors: de Miguel Beriain Íñigo , Rueda Jon
Published: September 2022

Digital COVID certificates are a novel public health policy to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. These immunity certificates aim to incentivize vaccination and to deny international travel or access to essential spaces to those who are unable to prove that they are not infectious. In this article, we start by describing immunity certificates and highlighting their differences from vaccination certificates. Then, we focus on the ethical, legal, and social issues involved in their use, namely autonomy and consent, data protection, equity, and international mobility from a global fairness perspective. The main conclusion of our analysis is that digital COVID certificates are only acceptable if they meet certain conditions: that they should not process personal data beyond what is strictly necessary for the aimed goals, that equal access to them should be guaranteed, and that they should not restrict people’s autonomy to access places where contagion is unlikely. We conclude that, if such conditions are guaranteed, digital COVID certificates could contribute to mitigating some of the most severe socioeconomic consequences of the pandemic.
Frequency and correlates of driving status among the oldest old: results from a large, representative sample
Authors: Hajek André , König Hans-Helmut
Published: September 2022

Background/aims

In the light of the restricted knowledge, our aim was to explore the frequency and correlates of driving status among the oldest old.

Methods

Data came from the representative "Survey on quality of life and subjective well-being of the very old in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW80 +)” consisting of community-dwelling and institutionalized individuals ≥ 80 years residing in the most populous German state (North Rhine-Westphalia; n = 1,832 in the analytical sample, mean age: 86.5 years). The present driving status (no; yes, I drive myself; yes, as a passenger; yes, as driver and passenger) served as outcome measure.

Results

Overall, 43.62% (95% CI 40.98–46.29%) of the individuals did not drive, whereas 30.12% (95% CI 27.75–32.59%) of the individuals drove by themselves, 20.97% (95% CI 18.91–23.20%) of the individuals drove as a passenger, and 5.29% of the individuals drove both (by themselves and as a passenger) (95% CI 4.16–6.71%). Multinomial logistic regressions showed, e.g., that being male (RRR: 0.13, 95% CI 0.09–0.18), younger age (RRR: 0.88, 95% CI 0.84–0.91), being married and living together with spouse (RRR: 1.48, 95% CI 1.08–2.02), living in a private household (RRR: 0.04, 95% CI 0.01–0.35), better self-rated health (RRR: 1.26, 95% CI 1.02–1.56), and lower functional impairment (RRR: 19.82, 95% CI 12.83–30.62) were positively associated with ‘Yes, I drive myself’ (compared to not driving a car).

Discussion/conclusions

A sizable proportion of the individuals aged 80 years and above still drove by themselves. Less than half of the oldest old individuals did not drive. Moreover, our current study identified some correlates of driving status among individuals in latest life.
A Multicentre Analysis of Approaches to Learning and Student Experiences of Learning Anatomy Online
Authors: Stone Danya , Longhurst Georga J. , Dulohery Kate , Campbell Thomas , Richards Annalise , O’Brien Dominic , Franchi Thomas , Hall Samuel , Border Scott
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The approaches to learning students adopt when learning anatomy online could yield important lessons for educators. Dissection room teaching can encourage students to adopt a deep approach to learning anatomy. It was therefore hypothesized that the proportion of students adopting a deep approach to learning would be lower in a population learning anatomy online. This research aims to investigate the experiences of students learning anatomy online during the COVID-19 pandemic and the approaches to learning they adopted.

Methods

A survey was distributed to medical students at 7 universities across the UK and Ireland. The survey included two previously validated questionnaires: Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students and Anatomy Learning Experience Questionnaire.

Results

The analysis included 224 unique student responses. Students’ approach to learning mirrored reports from previous studies conducted during face-to-face tuition with 44.3% adopting deep, 40.7% strategic, 11.4% surface, and 3.6% combined learning approaches. The university (p = 0.019) and changes to formative (p = 0.016) and summative (p = 0.009) assessments significantly impacted approach to learning. Students reported that online resources were effective but highlighted the need for clearer guidance on how to find and use them successfully.

Conclusion

It is important to highlight that students value in-person opportunities to learn from human cadaveric material and hence dissection room sessions should remain at the forefront of anatomical education. It is recommended that future online and/or blended provisions of anatomy teaching include varied resources that maximize engagement with media featuring cadaveric specimens.
Rockburst mechanism and the law of energy accumulation and release in mining roadway: a case study
Authors: Du Feng , Ma Ji , Guo Xiaofei , Wang Tianfeng , Dong Xiaohang , Li Jiashuo , He Shulei , Nuerjuma Dilinaer
Published: September 2022

The rockburst dynamic disasters in the process of deep coal mining become more and more serious. Taking the rockburst occurred in the 23130 working face of Yuejin Coal Mine as the engineering background, we study the characteristics of mining stress field around roadway, the plastic failure morphological characteristics of surrounding rock and the accumulation/release law of elastic energy before and after burst. An analysis model quantitatively describing the physical process of rockburst in the mining roadway is established, and the calculation method of dynamic release of elastic energy in the physical process of rockburst is educed. The mechanism of rockburst in mining roadway is revealed. The results show that an “L-shaped” stress concentration zone is formed within 100 m of the 23130 working face, and the principal stress ratio of the surrounding rock of the transportation roadway is 2.59–4.26. The change of the direction of the maximum principal stress has a significant effect on the burst appearance characteristics. The failure strength of different sections of the mining roadway is characterized by the elastic energy release value. With the increase of the working face distance, the elastic energy released by burst failure and the expansion variation of failure boundary radius show a nonlinear variation law that tends to decrease steadily after sharp fluctuation. The closer to the working face, the higher the burst risk. At a distance of 10 m from the working surface, the maximum principal stress reaches its maximum value. The butterfly-shaped failure system generated by the surrounding rock of the roadway has energy self-sustainability, and the elastic energy released by the sudden expansion of the butterfly leaf is enough to cause a burst damage of 1.9 magnitude. This work could provide theoretical support for the prediction and prevention of rockburst.
Insights Into the Interfacial Degradation of High-Voltage All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Li Jiawen , Ji Yuchen , Song Haoran , Chen Shiming , Ding Shouxiang , Zhang Bingkai , Yang Luyi , Song Yongli , Pan Feng
Published: September 2022

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) is considered as a promising solid-state electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). Nevertheless, the poor interfacial stability with high-voltage cathode materials (e.g., LiCoO2) restricts its application in high energy density solid-state batteries. Herein, high-voltage stable Li3AlF6 protective layer is coated on the surface of LiCoO2 particle to improve the performance and investigate the failure mechanism of PEO-based ASSLBs. The phase transition unveils that chemical redox reaction occurs between the highly reactive LiCoO2 surface and PEO-based SPE, resulting in structure collapse of LiCoO2, hence the poor cycle performance of PEO-based ASSLBs with LiCoO2 at charging voltage of 4.2 V vs Li/Li+. By sharp contrast, no obvious structure change can be found at the surface of Li3AlF6-coated LiCoO2, and the original layered phase was well retained. When the charging voltage reaches up to 4.5 V vs Li/Li+, the intensive electrochemical decomposition of PEO-based SPE occurs, leading to the constant increase of cell impedance and directly causing the poor performance. This work not only provides important supplement to the failure mechanism of PEO-based batteries with LiCoO2, but also presents a universal strategy to retain structure stability of cathode–electrolyte interface in high-voltage ASSLBs.
Explicit realization of elements of the Tate–Shafarevich group constructed from Kolyvagin classes
Authors: Radičević Lazar
Published: September 2022

We consider the Kolyvagin cohomology classes, associated to an elliptic curve $$E/{\mathbb Q}$$

E
/
Q

, from a computational point of view. We explain how to go from a model of a class as an element of $$(E(L)/pE(L))^{\mathrm {Gal}(L/{\mathbb Q})}$$

(
E

(
L
)

/
p
E

(
L
)

)

Gal
(
L
/
Q
)

, where p is prime and L is a dihedral extension of $${\mathbb Q}$$
Q
of degree 2p, to a geometric model as a genus one curve embedded in $$\mathbb { P} ^{p-1}$$

P

p
-
1

. We adapt the existing methods to compute Heegner points to our situation, and explicitly compute them as elements of E(L). Finally, we compute explicit equations for several genus one curves that represent non-trivial elements of "Equation missing", for $$p \le 11$$

p
≤
11

, and hence are counterexamples to the Hasse principle.
Geospatial Information Research: State of the Art, Case Studies and Future Perspectives
Authors: Bill Ralf , Blankenbach Jörg , Breunig Martin , Haunert Jan-Henrik , Heipke Christian , Herle Stefan , Maas Hans-Gerd , Mayer Helmut , Meng Liqui , Rottensteiner Franz , Schiewe Jochen , Sester Monika , Sörgel Uwe , Werner Martin
Published: September 2022

Geospatial information science (GI science) is concerned with the development and application of geodetic and information science methods for modeling, acquiring, sharing, managing, exploring, analyzing, synthesizing, visualizing, and evaluating data on spatio-temporal phenomena related to the Earth. As an interdisciplinary scientific discipline, it focuses on developing and adapting information technologies to understand processes on the Earth and human-place interactions, to detect and predict trends and patterns in the observed data, and to support decision making. The authors – members of DGK, the Geoinformatics division, as part of the Committee on Geodesy of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, representing geodetic research and university teaching in Germany – have prepared this paper as a means to point out future research questions and directions in geospatial information science. For the different facets of geospatial information science, the state of art is presented and underlined with mostly own case studies. The paper thus illustrates which contributions the German GI community makes and which research perspectives arise in geospatial information science. The paper further demonstrates that GI science, with its expertise in data acquisition and interpretation, information modeling and management, integration, decision support, visualization, and dissemination, can help solve many of the grand challenges facing society today and in the future.
Surface Nanopatterning Using the Self-Assembly of Linear Polymers on Surfaces after Solvent Evaporation
Authors: Glynos Emmanouil , Chremos Alexandros , Camp Philip J. , Koutsos Vasileios
Published: September 2022

The morphology of linear polybutadiene physisorbed on freshly cleaved mica from a dilute polymer solution is investigated through atomic force microscopy. A fine-structure study shows that the monolayer morphology in air (after rapid solvent evaporation) depends strongly on the molecular weight (Mw) of the linear polymer, the adsorbed amount, and the conformation adopted by the adsorbed polymer chains under good solvent conditions. The dependence of the observed polymer structure onMwis most significant for samples with high surface density, where the intermolecular interactions among the adsorbed polymers are important. For high surface density, the adsorbed polymers tend to aggregate and minimize unfavorable contacts with air for all of the differentMwsamples, leading to an isotropic structural pattern. These structural phenomena with increasing surface density are explained on the basis of the intermolecular interactions of the adsorbed polymers under good solvent conditions, and after the abrupt solvent evaporation corresponding to poor solvent conditions. The experimental observations are further discussed using the results obtained from molecular dynamics simulations of a simple coarse-grained model.
Differenzierte Beschreibung der Handlungsplanung von angehenden Erzieher*innen mit Blick auf die mathematische Lernunterstützung – Eine explorative Studie
Authors: Dunekacke Simone , Wittmann Gerald , Jenßen Lars
Published: September 2022

Der Handlungsplanung als Teil professioneller Kompetenz kommt eine wesentliche Bedeutung bei der Überführung von Wissen in spontane Handlungen in pädagogischen Situationen zu. Obwohl Forschung die Bedeutung der Handlungsplanung für professionelles Handeln im Bereich früher mathematischer Bildung kontinuierlich betont, ist sowohl empirisch als auch inhaltlich wenig bekannt, welche Formen der mathematischen Lernunterstützung sich zeigen. Es lassen sich drei Formen unterscheiden: (1) Anleitung, (2) Begleitung und (3) Keine mathematikbezogene Lernunterstützung. Die vorliegende Studie versucht einen Beitrag zur differenzierten Beschreibung der Handlungsplanung in der frühen mathematischen Bildung zu leisten, indem Daten von n = 240 angehenden Erzieher*innen explorativ untersucht werden. Die drei zuvor theoretisch aus der Literatur zur Lernunterstützung abgeleiteten Formen ließen sich als Kategorien in den schriftlich formulierten Handlungsplanungen codieren. Darüber hinaus konnten Unterkategorien identifiziert werden, die die Handlungsplanung noch differenzierter beschreiben. Die Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund der Situationsabhängigkeit, möglicher Erklärungen für die unterschiedlichen Gestaltungen der Handlungsplanungen und praktischer Implikationen diskutiert.
Australian Property Law
Authors: Nancarrow Michael , Carruthers Penny , White Steven , Boge Christopher , Cudmore Dominic , Di Carlo Astrid
Published: September 2022

Australian Property Law: Principles to Practice is an engaging introduction to property law in Australia. Covering substantive law and procedural matters, this textbook presents the law of personal and real property in a contemporary light. Australian Property Law details how property law practice is transformed by technology and provides insights into contemporary challenges and risks. Taking a thematic approach, the text covers possession of goods and land, land tenure, estates and future interests, property registration systems, Indigenous land rights and native title, social housing, Crown land and ethics. Complex concepts are contextualised by linking case law and legislation to practical applications. Each chapter is supported by digital tools including case and legislation boxes with links to the full source online, links to useful online resources, multiple-choice questions, review questions and longer narrative problems.
Australian Property Law provides an essential introduction to the principles and practice of property law in an ever-changing technological environment.
Demographic Change of the Kawauchi Special Nursing Home Occupants in a Former Evacuation Area After the Nuclear Power Plant Accident: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Kobashi Yurie , Nishikawa Yoshitaka , Morita Tomohiro , Omata Fumiya , Ito Naomi , Tsubokura Masaharu
Published: September 2022

Objective:

This retrospective observational study aimed to look into the social demographic change of the occupants of a long-term care (LTC) facility that was constructed in 2015 as a restoration support after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident.

Methods:

The social demographic information during 2015–2021 of occupants in the Kawauchi Special Nursing Home was analyzed.

Results:

A total of 172 participants were included in the analysis. The number (proportion) of evacuees was 37 (69.8%) in 2015, then gradually decreased to 7 (31.8%) in 2018, yet increased to 21 (58.3%) in 2019. There were 121 occupants (70.4%) who were from Kawauchi Village and other municipalities of the former evacuation area.

Conclusion:

The Kawauchi Special Nursing Home initially received people who hoped to return to the former evacuation zone; however, its role changed to receive people who became in need of LTC after returning to Kawauchi Village. The construction of LTC facilities in the former evacuation area may help enhance the local LTC service where returnees are rapidly aging.
The isomorphism problem for tensor algebras of multivariable dynamical systems
Authors: Katsoulis Elias G. , Ramsey Christopher
Published: September 2022

We resolve the isomorphism problem for tensor algebras of unital multivariable dynamical systems. Specifically, we show that unitary equivalence after a conjugation for multivariable dynamical systems is a complete invariant for complete isometric isomorphisms between their tensor algebras. In particular, this settles a conjecture of Davidson and Kakariadis,Inter. Math. Res. Not.2014(2014), 1289–1311 relating to work of Arveson,Acta Math.118(1967), 95–109 from the 1960s, and extends related work of Kakariadis and Katsoulis,J. Noncommut. Geom.8(2014), 771–787.
Prospective evaluation of data-driven models to predict daily risk of Clostridioides difficile infection at 2 large academic health centers
Authors: Kamineni Meghana , Ötleş Erkin , Oh Jeeheh , Rao Krishna , Young Vincent B. , Li Benjamin Y. , West Lauren R. , Hooper David C. , Shenoy Erica S. , Guttag John G. , Wiens Jenna , Makar Maggie
Published: September 2022

Many data-driven patient risk stratification models have not been evaluated prospectively. We performed and compared the prospective and retrospective evaluations of 2 Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) risk-prediction models at 2 large academic health centers, and we discuss the models’ robustness to data-set shifts.
A eurypterid trackway from the Middle Ordovician of New York State
Authors: Braddy Simon J. , Gass Kenneth C.
Published: September 2022

Palmichnium gallowayi(Sharpe, 1932) new combination from the Middle Ordovician Martinsburg Formation (proximal deltaic facies) of Rondout, near Kingston, New York State, is redescribed. It consists of opposing series of five tracks, the outer two large and pear-shaped, the inner three smaller and elliptical, arranged in a chevron converging in the direction of travel, on either side of a wide medial impression. It is attributed to a medium-sized stylonurid eurypterid using a decapodous gait, crawling onto the shoreline, traversing the intertidal zone, a behavior interpreted as part of its reproductive life cycle. This provides the earliest ichnological evidence for the ‘mass-molt-mate’ hypothesis, which proposes that eurypterids migrated en masse into nearshore environments to molt and mate.
Description ofOscheius cyrusn. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) as new entomopathogenic nematode from Iran
Authors: Kuhestani K. , Karimi J. , Shokoohi E. , Makhdoumi A.
Published: September 2022

A new species of the genusOscheius,Oscheius cyrusn. sp., collected in the moist soils taken from forest heights in the north of Iran, is recorded. A comprehensive description, comprising molecular (internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 18S, and 28S rDNA genes) information, morphometrics data, light microscope and scanning electron microscope images, is supplied. The species resemblesOscheius myriophilus. However, the highest ranges for female body length, female tail, infective juvenile tail length, median bulb, absence of epiptygma and lateral field incisures number vary. The new species was distinguished fromOscheius insectivorusby the general lip region. The male was not found. Molecular analysis showed that the new species has the most similarity toO.myriophilusboth in the ITS and 18S regions. Morphological and molecular data confirmed its belonging to the Insectivora-group. Furthermore, the species ofOchrobactrum pseudogrignonensewas reported as a dominant associated bacterium of the newOscheiusspecies. Finally, the mortality of the host after seven days varied from 20% to 82.5%, depending on nematodes’ concentration.