bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Center Variation in Use of Preoperative Dual Antiplatelet Therapy and Platelet Function Testing at the Time of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Maryland
Authors: Hensley Nadia B. , Ariyo Promise T. , Holmes Sari D. , Williams Marlene S. , Joseph Robert Whitman Glenn , Ad Niv , Metkus Thomas Stephen ,   on behalf of the Maryland Cardiac Surgical Quality Initiative
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:

Patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome are administered a P2Y12 inhibitor and aspirin before coronary catheterization to prevent further myocardial injury from thrombosis. Guidelines recommend a standard waiting period between the time patients are administered dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and elective cardiac surgery. Since 25% to 30% of the population may be considered nonresponders to clopidogrel, platelet function testing can be utilized for timing of surgery and to assess bleeding risks. The extent to which a standard waiting period or platelet function testing is used across centers is not established, representing an important opportunity to standardize practice.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study from 2011 to 2020 using data from the Maryland Cardiac Surgical Quality Initiative, a consortium of all 10 hospitals in the state performing cardiac surgery. The proportion of patients administered DAPT within 5 days of surgery was examined by hospital over the time period. Mixed-effects multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the association of preoperative DAPT with ischemic and bleeding outcomes. Centers were surveyed on use or nonuse of preoperative platelet function testing, and bleeding outcomes were compared.

RESULTS:

There was significant heterogeneity of preoperative DAPT usage across centers ranging from 2% to 54% (P < .001). DAPT within 5 days of isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was associated with higher odds of reoperation for bleeding (odds ratio [OR], 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19–2.01; P = .001), >2 units of red blood cells (RBCs) transfused (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.44–1.81; P < .001), and >2 units of non-RBCs transfused (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.60–2.00; P < .001). In the 5 hospitals using preoperative platelet function testing to guide timing of surgery, there were greater odds for DAPT within 5 days (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.22–1.45; P < .001), fewer RBCs >2 units transfusions (22% vs 33%; P < .001), and non-RBCs >2 units (17% vs 28%; P < .001) transfusions within DAPT patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

There is significant variability in DAPT usage within 5 days of CABG between hospital centers. Preoperative platelet function testing may allow for earlier timing of surgery for those on DAPT without increased bleeding risks.
Thomas Drysdale Buchanan, MD, and the Birth of Academic Anesthesiology
Authors: Webb Nicholas B. , Burcescu Brigitte , Abramowicz Apolonia E. , Weber Garret
Published: April 2022

Thomas Drysdale Buchanan, MD (1876–1940), founding president of the American Board of Anesthesiology, was the first person in the United States to hold the title “Professor of Anesthesiology” in a medical school faculty position dedicated exclusively to the specialty. An 1897 graduate of New York Medical College, Dr Buchanan joined the faculty of his alma mater in 1902 in response to demands by medical students and recent graduates for a dedicated instructor in anesthesia. Within a decade, the instructorship had become a professorship, and Dr Buchanan was on his way to distinction as one of the founders of academic anesthesiology. This chapter in Dr Buchanan’s early career illustrates how anesthesiology took shape as a distinct body of knowledge during the formative decades of modern medical education at the turn of the century, laying the groundwork for its recognition 30 years later as a specialty in its own right.
Deep learning ­– promises for 3D nuclear imaging: a guide for biologists
Authors: Mougeot Guillaume , Dubos Tristan , Chausse Frédéric , Péry Emilie , Graumann Katja , Tatout Christophe , Evans David E. , Desset Sophie
Published: April 2022

For the past century, the nucleus has been the focus of extensive investigations in cell biology. However, many questions remain about how its shape and size are regulated during development, in different tissues, or during disease and aging. To track these changes, microscopy has long been the tool of choice. Image analysis has revolutionized this field of research by providing computational tools that can be used to translate qualitative images into quantitative parameters. Many tools have been designed to delimit objects in 2D and, eventually, in 3D in order to define their shapes, their number or their position in nuclear space. Today, the field is driven by deep-learning methods, most of which take advantage of convolutional neural networks. These techniques are remarkably adapted to biomedical images when trained using large datasets and powerful computer graphics cards. To promote these innovative and promising methods to cell biologists, this Review summarizes the main concepts and terminologies of deep learning. Special emphasis is placed on the availability of these methods. We highlight why the quality and characteristics of training image datasets are important and where to find them, as well as how to create, store and share image datasets. Finally, we describe deep-learning methods well-suited for 3D analysis of nuclei and classify them according to their level of usability for biologists. Out of more than 150 published methods, we identify fewer than 12 that biologists can use, and we explain why this is the case. Based on this experience, we propose best practices to share deep-learning methods with biologists.
Effects of Acyloxy Groups in Anthrabisthiadiazole-Based Semiconducting Polymers on Electronic Properties, Thin-Film Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
Authors: Mori Hiroki , Yamada Yuki , Minagawa Yukiya , Hasegawa Natsuki , Nishihara Yasushi
Published: April 2022

Donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers with the anthra[1,2-c:5,6-c′]bis([1,2,5]thiadiazole) (ATz)-based acceptor unit bearing acyloxy groups in the 6,12-positions were synthesized. By incorporating electron-withdrawing acyloxy groups, the synthesized monomers 5a and 5b showed a down-shifted HOMO while maintaining LUMO energy level compared to the alkoxy-substituted ATz monomer ATz2T-o6OD, which we have previously reported. The DFT calculations revealed that the LUMO of the ATz core at 6,12-positions is a nodal plane with negligible changes in LUMO energy levels. In contrast, despite the presence of the acyloxy groups, the polymer PATz4T-a12R (a12R = a12OD and a12DT) synthesized in this study was found to have higher HOMO energy levels than the previously reported alkoxy-substituted polymer PATz4T-o6OD. Such elevation of the HOMO energy levels may be attributed to the unique electronic effects of the acyloxy groups, where the electronic effects of the functional groups are weakened by the lengthening of the π-electron system in the polymer and the electron-donating mesomeric effects may be dominant. PATz4T-a12R formed unsuitable edge-on orientation and large phase separation in the blended films, resulting in solar cells using it exhibiting a lower power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.47% than that using PATz4T-o6OD.
Automatic and objective measurement of eating behavior using wrist mounted inertial sensors
Authors: Κυρίτσης Κωνσταντίνος
Published: April 2022

Ο αυξημένος παγκόσμιος επιπολασμός της παχυσαρκίας έχει προκαλέσει το ενδιαφέρον της επιστημονικής κοινότητας για εργαλεία που μπορούν, με αντικειμενικό και αυτόματο τρόπο, να παρακολουθήσουν την ανθρώπινη διατροφική συμπεριφορά. Παρά το γεγονός ότι η μελέτη της παχυσαρκίας βρίσκεται στο επίκεντρο, τέτοια εργαλεία μπορούν επίσης να χρησιμοποιηθούν για τη μελέτη διατροφικών διαταραχών (πχ νευρική ανορεξία) ή να παρέχουν μια εξατομικευμένη πλατφόρμα παρακολούθησης για ασθενείς ή αθλητές. Επιπλέον, η νόσος του Πάρκινσον είναι μια νευροεκφυλιστική διαταραχή με κινητικά και μη-κινητικά συμπτώματα. Παρά την προοδευτική φύση της νόσου του Πάρκινσον, η έγκαιρη διάγνωση, η παρακολούθηση του ιστορικού νόσησης και η μέτρηση της ανταπόκρισης στην φαρμακευτική αγωγή είναι παράγοντες που παίζουν σημαντικό ρόλο στον καθορισμό της ποιότητας ζωής του προσβεβλημένου ατόμου. Εκτός από τα κινητικά συμπτώματα, δηλαδή τον τρόμο ηρεμίας, την ακαμψία και τη βραδυκινησία, οι μελέτες δείχνουν ότι η νόσος του Πάρκινσον σχετίζεται με διαταραχές στη διατροφική συμπεριφορά και την πρόσληψη ενέργειας. Η παρούσα διατριβή πραγματεύεται το θέμα της παρακολούθησης της ανθρώπινης διατροφικής συμπεριφοράς με αυτόματο και αντικειμενικό τρόπο χρησιμοποιώντας δεδομένα από αδρανειακούς αισθητήρες που τοποθετούνται γύρω από τον καρπό. Για να το πετύχουμε αυτό, αρχικά προτείνουμε ένα μοντέλο διατροφικής συμπεριφοράς που βασίζεται σε τρία θεμελιώδη συστατικά, δηλαδή το γεύμα, τον κύκλο λήψης τροφής και τη μικροκίνηση του καρπού. Κάνοντας χρήση του παραπάνω μοντέλου, προτείνουμε αλγορίθμους ψηφιακής επεξεργασίας σήματος και μηχανικής μάθησης που στοχεύουν στον υπολογισμό σημαντικών παραμέτρων διατροφικής συμπεριφοράς, πχ τη συχνότητα των γευμάτων κατά τη διάρκεια της ημέρας, τη μέση διάρκεια ενός γεύματος, τον αριθμό κύκλων λήψης τροφής κατά τη διάρκεια ενός γεύματος, τον ρυθμό λήψης τροφής και τον χρόνο που απαιτείται για την τοποθέτηση μιας ποσότητας φαγητού από το πιάτο στο στόμα.
Η έννοια της δίκης στις τραγωδίες του Αισχύλου
Authors: Ακριώτης Ιωάννης
Published: April 2022

Η παρούσα διατριβή επιχειρεί να αναλύσει το εξεταζόμενο αντικείμενο, εντάσσοντας και συσχετίζοντάς το με την καθολική εικόνα της αρχαιοελληνικής σκέψης, της οποίας αποτελεί μέρος: η έρευνα, δηλαδή, της σημασιολογικής υφής του όρου ''δίκη'' εκκινώντας από τις απαρχές, διέρχεται το έπος, τους λυρικούς, τους προσωκρατικούς και καταλήγει στους τραγικούς ποιητές, με επίκεντρο τον Αισχύλο, εξετάζοντας επίσης τους πολιτισμικούς παράγοντες που συνδέονται με την διαμόρφωση της τραγωδίας. Η εξεταστική αυτή οπτική συμβάλλει στην κατά το δυνατόν σαφέστερη απεικόνιση της σημασιολογικής εξέλιξης της ''δίκης'' στα αισχύλεια έργα, τα οποία με την πνευματική τους αξία καθίστανται επίκαιρα και μετουσιώνονται σε έμπρακτη έκφραση της ιδέας της δικαιοσύνης στην σύγχρονη κοινωνική πραγματικότητα.
Speech therapy technologies for diagnosing speech disorders in preschoolers
Authors: Shashkina Gul'nara , Agaeva Viktoriya , Krasnoperova Elena , Terent'eva Tat'yana , Uvarova Tat'yana
Published: April 2022

The textbook discusses modern ideas about speech therapy technologies for speech examination of preschoolers with phonetic and phonemic underdevelopment (FFN), general speech underdevelopment (ONR) and stuttering: traditional and modern approaches to the diagnosis of speech disorders of preschoolers are presented, the specifics of the examination of speech activity of children with various speech disorders, analysis of documentation on the organization of speech therapy examination, questions are disclosed express diagnostics of speech activity of preschoolers,
examples of speech diagnostics are analyzed, and the activities of specialists of the psychological and pedagogical council (ACC) of a preschool educational organization are described in detail.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students of higher educational institutions, graduate students, teachers, speech therapists, teachers of preschool educational organizations.
Choosing Competition on Behalf of Someone Else
Authors: Fornwagner Helena , Pompeo Monika , Serdarevic Nina
Published: April 2022

We extend the existing literature on gender differences in competitive behavior by investigating tournament entry choices when a principal decides for an agent. In a laboratory experiment, we randomly assign subjects the role of either principal or agent. The principal decides whether the agent performs a real-effort task under piece-rate or tournament incentives. When deciding, the principal is informed about the agent’s previous performance, age, and residency. Between treatments, we vary whether the principal knows the agent’s gender. In a baseline treatment, we replicate the standard setting in which subjects decide for themselves whether to compete. Our main findings are, first, that there is no gender gap in tournament entry when principals decide for agents as opposed to the baseline treatment. Second, the gender gap closes because more women are made to compete by principals. Third, whereas there is no gender gap in either of the principal treatments, revealing the agent’s gender is associated with higher overall tournament entry rates. Exploratory analyses of principals’ choice determinants reveal a positive effect of preferences to take risks, competitiveness, and confidence in agents’ performances on making agents compete. In addition, we find no difference in how principals evaluate male and female agents’ performances. Finally, we test the efficiency of principals’ competition choices and show that they lead to fewer payoff-maximizing outcomes than when subjects decide for themselves. Additionally, overall tournament performances and winners’ performances are lower when agents are made to compete, but this effect is not robust to controlling for agents’ previous performances.

This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: This work was supported by L. Meltzers Høyskolefond; Austrian Science Fund [Grant SFB F63 “Credence Goods, Incentives and Behavior”], and the Department of Economics at the University of Bergen. Also, we are grateful for funding from the Equal Opportunity Coordination Office of the University of Regensburg and its faculty of Business and Economics.

Supplemental Material: The supplementary online material and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4413 .
Incidencia casos COVID-19 en población laboral según actividad económica en Navarra, mayo–diciembre 2020
Authors: Moreno Sueskun Iñaki , Extramiana Cameno Estrella , Díaz-González Jorge Alberto , Fernández Baraibar Jesús
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: Identificar una eventual relación entre la actividad económica del trabajo y el riesgo de enfermar para así poder habilitar políticas para colectivos laborales más vulnerables. 

Métodos: Presentamos los índices de incidencia de COVID-19, confirmada por Prueba Diagnóstica de Infección Activa, por división del Código Nacional de Actividad Económica de todos los trabajadores y trabajadoras de Navarra afiliados a la Seguridad Social para las divisiones con incidencia y número de expuestos superiores a sus Percentiles75. 

Resultados: Las mujeres y actividades de servicios, industria alimentaria y construcción, caracterizadas por la precariedad de contratación, gran presencia de personas inmigrantes y probablemente peores condiciones de vida, presentan mayor riesgo de enfermar. 

Conclusiones: La desigualdad socio laboral de la Covid-19 requiere una aproximación integrada desde salud pública y salud laboral.
Barriers and facilitators to out-of-hospital pain management for children
Authors: Downs Simon , Carey Nicola , Mold Freda
Published: April 2022

Pain is one of the most common symptoms presented by patients of all ages to ambulance services. While children in pain make up a relatively small proportion of the patients attended by prehospital care services, medical intervention is needed in only 40% of cases. This might go some way to explaining why management of paediatric pain is perceived as poor. Aim: To establish and explore published barriers and facilitators to out-of-hospital pain management for children aged <18 years. Methods: Key search terms were used to search the three databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE and PSYCHInfo) individually and simultaneously. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and 15 papers were identified as meeting the criteria and were subject to data extraction. Results: Three broad themes were identified; organisational factors, patient factors and clinician factors. Conclusion: From considering international systems and aspects of care, it can generally be accepted that the assessment and management of paediatric pain is below what would be expected, and compared with with that for adults, it is sub-optimal. Multiple demographic influences are evident and appear to influence clinician decisions.
Surveillance in Schools Across Europe: A New Phenomenon in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic? The Cases of Greece and France
Authors: Karagianni Anastasia , Papakonstantinou Vagelis
Published: April 2022

Surveillance technology is more and more used in educational environments, which results in mass privacy violations of kids and, thus, the processing of huge amount of children’s data in the name of safety. Methodology used is doctrinal, since the focus of this research was given in the implementation of the legal doctrine of data protection law in the educational environments. More than that, the cases of Greece and France regarding the use of surveillance technologies in schools are carefully studied in this article. Privacy risks that both children and educators are exposed to are underlined. In these terms, this research paper focuses on the proper implementation of the European data protection framework and the role of Data Protection Authorities as control mechanisms, so that human rights risks from the perspective of privacy and data protection to be revealed, and the purposes of the use of such technologies to be evaluated. This study is limited in the legal examination of the European General Data Protection Regulation, and its implementation in the legal orders of Greece and France, and practice pertaining to the case studies of Greece and France respectively.
The Effect of Teacher Collaboration as the Embodiment of Teacher Leadership on Educational Management Students’ Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Lukman Hamengkubuwono*, , Asha Lukman , Warsah Idi , Morganna Ruly , Adhrianti Lisa
Published: April 2022

The embodiment of teacher leadership has currently shifted onto the practice of teacher collaboration due to its potential to solve students’ problems such as low critical thinking skills. Accordingly, this study quantitatively aimed to examine the effect of teacher collaboration on educational management students’ critical thinking skills as well as their critical thinking retention. Subsequently, it qualitatively investigated the students’ perspectives on teacher collaboration. 60 students selected randomly took part in the experimentation, in which 30 students were taught with teacher collaboration, and other 30 students were taught with individual lecturing. 10 students taught with teacher collaboration were further selected purposively to be interviewed for the qualitative investigation. Descriptive statistics alongside paired and independent t-tests were deployed to analyze the experiment results, and an interactive model was adopted to analyze the qualitative findings. The experiment showed that teacher collaboration had a more positive and significant effect on students’ critical thinking skills than its counterpart did. The students taught with teacher collaboration enjoyed good retention of critical thinking skills as well. The students perceived that teacher collaboration improved their collaborative skills, awareness, and metacognitive skills in learning. Implication, limitation, and recommendation are discussed.
Computational refocusing of Jones matrix polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography and investigation of defocus-induced polarization artifacts
Authors: Zhu Lida , Makita Shuichi , Oida Daisuke , Miyazawa Arata , Oikawa Kensuke , Mukherjee Pradipta , Lichtenegger Antonia , Distel Martin , Yasuno Yoshiaki
Published: April 2022

Here we demonstrate a long-depth-of-focus imaging method using polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). This method involves a combination of Fresnel-diffraction-model-based phase sensitive computational refocusing and Jones-matrix based PS-OCT (JM-OCT). JM-OCT measures four complex OCT images corresponding to four polarization channels. These OCT images are computationally refocused as preserving the mutual phase consistency. This method is validated using a static phantom, postmortem zebrafish, and ex vivo porcine muscle samples. All the samples demonstrated successful computationally-refocused birefringence and degree-of-polarization-uniformity (DOPU) images. We found that defocusing induces polarization artifacts, i.e., incorrectly high birefringence values and low DOPU values, which are substantially mitigated by computational refocusing.
TMM-Fast, a transfer matrix computation package for multilayer thin-film optimization: tutorial
Authors: Luce Alexander , Mahdavi Ali , Marquardt Florian , Wankerl Heribert
Published: April 2022

Achieving the desired optical response from a multilayer thin-film structure over a broad range of wavelengths and angles of incidence can be challenging. An advanced thin-film structure can consist of multiple materials with different thicknesses and numerous layers. Design and optimization of complex thin-film structures with multiple variables is a computationally heavy problem that is still under active research. To enable fast and easy experimentation with new optimization techniques, we propose the Python package Transfer Matrix Method - Fast (TMM-Fast), which enables parallelized computation of reflection and transmission of light at different angles of incidence and wavelengths through the multilayer thin film. By decreasing computational time, generating datasets for machine learning becomes feasible, and evolutionary optimization can be used effectively. Additionally, the subpackage TMM-Torch allows us to directly compute analytical gradients for local optimization by using PyTorch Autograd functionality. Finally, an OpenAI Gym environment is presented, which allows the user to train new reinforcement learning agents on the problem of finding multilayer thin-film configurations.
Enhanced trace-amount terahertz vibrational absorption spectroscopy using surface spoof polarization in metasurface structures
Authors: Li Xiang-Jun , Ma Chan , Yan De-Xian , Guo Shi-Hui , Zhang Le , Yang Ji , Zhao Yang , Zhou Wei-Dong
Published: April 2022

Terahertz (THz) absorption spectroscopy is a powerful tool for molecular label-free fingerprinting, but it faces a formidable hurdle in enhancing the broadband spectral signals in trace-amount analysis. In this paper, we propose a sensing method based on the geometry scanning of metal metasurfaces with spoof surface polarization sharp resonances by numerical simulation. This scheme shows a significant absorption enhancement factor of about 200 times in an ultra-wide terahertz band to enable the explicit identification of various analytes, such as a trace-amount thin lactose film samples. The proposed method provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, choice for the enhancement of wide terahertz absorption spectra, and paves the way for the detection of trace-amount chemical, organic, or biomedical materials in the terahertz regime.
All-optical mode switching with a graphene-buried polymer waveguide directional coupler
Authors: Jiang Lianzhong , Chiang Kin Seng
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate all-optical mode switching with a graphene-buried polymer waveguide asymmetric directional coupler (DC) by using the photothermal effect of graphene, where TE-polarized pump light and TM-polarized signal light are employed to maximize pump absorption and minimize graphene-induced signal loss. Our experimental device, which uses a graphene length of 6.2 mm, shows a pump absorption of 3.4 dB (at 980 nm) and a graphene-induced signal loss of 0.1 dB. The device can spatially switch between the fundamental mode and the higher-order mode with extinction ratios larger than 10 dB (at 1580 nm) and switching times slightly shorter than 1 ms at a pump power of 36.6 mW. Graphene-buried polymer waveguides offer many new possibilities for the realization of low-power all-optical control devices.
Prognostic factors for mortality in bullous pemphigoid: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Xianxia , Zhang Yaqiang , Luo Zhicheng , Wu Yujuan , Niu Taoxiang , Zheng Jiayuan , Xie Yuanyuan
Published: April 2022

Objective

To systematically evaluate the prognostic factors for mortality in bullous pemphigoid.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc and Wanfang Database were searched to collect literature on the prognostic factors for mortality in bullous pemphigoid. The quality of studies was assessed by Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Two researchers extracted relevant data and scored study quality independently. The hazard ratio (HR) was calculated using the random effects model. Study heterogeneity was assessed using both Cochran’s Q test and I2 statistics. The causes of heterogeneity were assessed by subgroup analysis and/ or sensitivity analysis when heterogeneity was significant. When ten or more studies were included as outcome indicators, publication bias was evaluated by funnel plot and Egger’s test.

Results

Out of a total of 1,546 articles retrieved, 15 studies involving 2,435 patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that the mortality of patients with bullous pemphigoid increased with positive bullous pemphigoid 180 antibody (HR = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.25~2.75, P = 0.002); concomitant dementia (HR = 2.26, 95%CI: 1.43~3.59, P<0.001); stroke (HR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.23–3.55, P = 0.007); heart disease (HR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.41–2.73, P<0.001) and diabetes mellitus (HR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.55–3.69, P<0.001). Sex, positive indirect immunofluorescence and hypertension were not associated with prognosis.

Conclusion

Positive bullous pemphigoid 180 antibody, dementia, stroke, heart disease and diabetes mellitus were the prognostic factors for mortality in bullous pemphigoid.
A retrospective analysis of the tuberculin skin test reactions of a single source population of Mauritian Macaca fascicularis held in quarantine during 2017
Authors: Panarella Matthew , Hursh Sharon
Published: April 2022

A published range of reactions to the tuberculin skin test (TST) using mammalian (human) old tuberculin (MOT) in a population of Mauritius origin Macaca fascicularis in US laboratory animal medicine does not exist. The objectives of this report are to quantify the reactions among juvenile, adolescent, and male adult cynomolgus macaques and to provide the laboratory animal medicine practitioner with a reference range of reactions to MOT in Mauritian juvenile macaques. Monkeys in a US foreign animal quarantine must be tested negative for mycobacterial infection including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) using MOT as required by the CDC Division of Global Migration and Quarantine. The TST relies on visual observation post injection of an individual animal’s reaction or nonreaction. During 2017, 933 Mauritius origin macaques from one supplier were quarantined in nine separate cohorts in our facility. 848 or > 90% of the animals were juveniles between 1.5 to 3 years of age, comprised of 425 males and 423 females. The population also included 46 adolescents (21 males, 25 females) and 39 adult males. A total of 33 TST sets were performed on the nine cohorts, resulting in 3418 individual TSTs being administered. 1595 (46.6%) injections were made in juvenile males and 1529 (44.7%) in juvenile females. A total of 172 reactions to the TST were recorded at the final assessment completed at the 72-hour post injection time point from all animal ages and sexes. 162 reactions (94.2% of all reactions) occurred in juvenile animals, consisting of 96 bruises (59.3% of all juvenile reactions) in males and 58 bruises (35.8% of all juvenile reactions) in females. Bruising was the most common reaction in juvenile animals and in all animals regardless of age or sex. Bruising occurred within all 33 TST sets ranging from a low of 0% to a high of 30% in male juveniles and a low of 0% to a high of 17% in female juveniles. Bruising was the only finding in the adolescents and adult males. Erythema was observed only in juvenile animals, two males and three females. Generalized eyelid edema was observed only in juvenile animals, one male and one female. These animals had concurrent erythema in the affected eyelid. Animals with generalized eyelid edema and erythema are considered suspect for active tuberculosis and warrant further diagnostics. In this report, the most observed reaction among all age groups and sexes was bruising. Erythema and edema were rarely observed. Only juvenile animals were observed with either erythema, edema or both.
Knee and hip agonist-antagonist relationship in male under-19 soccer players
Authors: Rosa Filipe , Sarmento Hugo , Duarte João Pedro , Barrera Joel , Loureiro Francisco , Vaz Vasco , Saavedra Nestor , Figueiredo António José
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the strength of the knee flexors and extensors and hip abductor and adductor muscles in young soccer players. Twenty-three male under-19 soccer players participated in this study (age: 17.7 ± 0.2 years; height: 173.0 ± 1.1 cm; body mass: 66.1 ± 1.3 kg). Body composition was measured using a bioelectrical impedance (InBody770), and the dynamometry was performed by an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex System 3) for knee flexion and extension, and by an isometric dynamometer (Smart Groin Trainer), for hip adduction and abduction. Comparisons were made between dominant members (D) vs. non-dominant members (ND) and adductors vs. abductors (ADD:ABD) using the Wilcoxon test. There were statistically significant differences in the peak torques between the dominant and non-dominant members in the flexion function (Z = −4.198, p < 0.01) and in the extension function (Z = −4.197, p < 0.01) of the knee in concentric muscular action, and the flexion (Z = −4.198, p < 0.01) and in the extension (Z = −4.198, p < 0.01) of the knee in eccentric muscular action. No statistically significant differences were obtained in the conventional ratio (Z = −0.456, p = 0.648) nor the functional ratio (Z = −0.335, p = 0.738) between D and ND members. There were no statistically significant differences between adductors and abductors at the moment of strength for absolute values (N). The reference absolute and normalized to the weight values and the ADD:ABD can be used as a guideline for classifying players in screening and comparison in return tests to sports practice after an injury.
Role of serology tests in COVID-19 non-hospitalized patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Haghi Ashtiani Mohammad Taghi , Sadeghi Rad Parisa , Asnaashari Kosar , Shahhosseini Alireza , Berenji Fatemeh , Mamishi Setareh
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) has imposed catastrophic impressions on the world. After all the focused researches conducted in the COVID-19 area, many features remain obscure. We have surveyed 1,363 outpatients with suspected COVID-19 in Tehran, Iran. The analysis emphasized on characteristics of patients with positive PCR or serology of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods

The nasopharyngeal swabs were tested for SARS-CoV2 PCR. Serum specimens were tested for SARS-CoV2 IgG and IgM. Clinical presentations of the patients, history of chronic diseases or drug use, contact with a possible COVID-19 patient and previous infection with SARS-COV2 were investigated.

Results

Of the total 1,363 investigated patients, 22% had positive SARS-CoV-2 PCRs, 82% had positive IgG, 38% had positive IgM, and 31% had both positive IgM and IgG values. Positive serologic tests were significantly associated with a positive PCR test obtained previously in the course of the current disease (P value<0.001).

IgG and IgM antibody values were significantly associated with underlying disease, cough, fever, chills, fatigue, and myalgia (all P values <0.001). Dyspnea was significantly associated with IgG levels (P value = 0.01), yet it was not associated with IgM serology (P value = 0.2). Positive serology tests were not associated with symptoms of coryza.

GI symptoms were not associated with positive IgG test (P value = 0.1), yet it did show an association with positive IgM test (P value = 0.02).

Cough, fever, chills, myalgia fatigue, dyspnea, and GI symptoms were all significantly associated with positive PCR (all P values <0.001), and symptoms of coryza did not show a significant relationship (P value = 0.8).

Conclusion

Assessing antibody titers in outpatients is invaluable due to the epidemiological importance of investigations in mild or even asymptomatic cases. Since the number of such studies in non-hospitalized patients is not high, the current study can be used as a comparison model.
Pengembangan Aplikasi Monitoring Penyakit Hipertensi dan Diabetes Mellitus Terintegrasi
Authors: Minasari Siti , Azam Mahalul , Rahayu Sri Ratna
Published: April 2022

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a health development priority at this time. The increase in the prevalence of PTM over the last few years. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are PTM that have increased cases. Changes in behavior and lifestyle are risk factors for hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The recording and reporting of officers related to PTM still experience difficulties in routine monitoring of treatment and patient visits. There is currently no integrated information system between Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus to monitor patient compliance for treatment. The purpose of the study was to develop an integrated application system for monitoring hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the city of Semarang. The type of research conducted is rapid and development (RAD), with a qualitative approach. The research stage: is the identification of information system development needs, is database design and application interface, and implementation of android application model development on a small scale (three prolanis officers). The subjects of this study were three prolanis officers and five patients with primary hypertension and diabetes mellitus aged 46 to 55 years. Results: system development by analyzing user data needs of officers and patients include patient identity, patient examination results, follow-up on examination results, patient referrals, education on healthy menus and ways to prevent hypertension and diabetes mellitus, the reminders to take medication, and results of routine examinations. Database design and application interface described through DFD and ERD. Implementation and function tests carried out on fully developed applications.
Convex cones spanned by regular polytopes
Authors: Kabluchko Zakhar , Seidel Hauke
Published: April 2022

We study three families of polyhedral cones whose sections are regular simplices, cubes, and crosspolytopes. We compute solid angles and conic intrinsic volumes of these cones. We show that several quantities appearing in stochastic geometry can be expressed through these conic intrinsic volumes. A list of such quantities includes internal and external solid angles of regular simplices and crosspolytopes, the probability that a (symmetric) Gaussian random polytope or the Gaussian zonotope contains a given point, the expected number of faces of the intersection of a regular polytope with a random linear subspace passing through its centre, and the expected number of faces of the projection of a regular polytope onto a random linear subspace.
Semistable Higgs bundles on elliptic surfaces
Authors: Bruzzo Ugo , Peragine Vitantonio
Published: April 2022

We analyze Higgs bundles (V,ϕ) on a class of elliptic surfacesπ:X→B, whose underlying vector bundleVhas vertical determinant and is fiberwise semistable. We prove that if the spectral curve ofVis reduced, then the Higgs fieldϕisvertical, while if the bundleVis fiberwise regular with reduced (respectively, integral) spectral curve, and if its rank and second Chern number satisfy an inequality involving the genus ofBand the degree of the fundamental line bundle ofπ(respectively, if the fundamental line bundle is sufficiently ample), thenϕisscalar. We apply these results to the problem of characterizing slope-semistable Higgs bundles with vanishing discriminant on the class of elliptic surfaces considered, in terms of the semistability of their pull-backs via maps from arbitrary (smooth, irreducible, complete) curves toX.
Making the case for linguicism: revisiting theoretical concepts and terminologies in linguistic discrimination research
Authors: Nguyen Trang Thi Thuy , Hajek John
Published: April 2022

In an effort to foreground the concept of linguicism, this article provides a critical review of the research literature on linguistic discrimination, focusing on common concepts and terms applied to characterise the issue. Giving particular attention to studies which directly consider discrimination based on language or linguistic factors, we identify three main groups of concepts and terms which are widely used, including (a) race-based concepts, (b) language variation-based concepts and (c) general terms. The construction, meaning and usage of the concept of ‘linguicism’ are discussed separately from these three groups. Although race-based concepts, language variation-based concepts and general terms are extremely useful for particular research purposes, they may not be applicable to describe all or other forms of linguistic discrimination. It is argued that linguicism is a powerful theoretical construct, which can be used as an umbrella concept to capture the full range of linguistic discrimination issues. Suggestions are also presented for future research in relation to social factors associated with linguistic discrimination and research context, which is important to shed light on otherwise potentially unheard voices in linguistic discrimination scholarship.
An overview of post COVID sequelae
Authors: Shukla Ajay Kumar , Misra Saurav
Published: April 2022

After healing from COVID-19, patients often experience a slew of symptoms known as post COVID-19 sequelae. Despite the fact that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is still ongoing, post-Covid-19 syndrome is already a difficult problem to address: long-term multiorgan sequelae, while frequently described, have yet to be systematized. As a result, post-Covid-19 syndrome can have a major influence on surviving patients’ working capacity as well as their personal lives. The clinical spectrum and long-term course of this clinical entity must be better understood. Post-Covid syndrome affects a wide spectrum of individuals (16–87%), with pneumological and cognitive symptoms being the most common. Pulmonary fibrosis was the most common organic consequence seen in post-Covid patients. In conclusion, post-Covid-19 syndrome can have a major impact on the health of survivors. Working-age patients should seek rehabilitation and follow-up in interdisciplinary rehabilitation programmes. Given the pandemic’s global extent, it’s obvious that COVID-19-related healthcare demands will continue to climb for the foreseeable future. For COVID-19 survivors’ long-term mental and physical health, present outpatient infrastructure will be utilised, scalable healthcare models will be built, and cross-disciplinary collaboration will be required.
The crystal structure of 2-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-1,8-diiodo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)acetonitrile, C22H24I2N2
Authors: Tang Lin-Li , Zeng Fei
Published: April 2022

C22H24I2N2, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 33), a = 21.069(4) Å, b = 8.7963(17) Å, c = 23.757(5) Å, V = 4402.8(15) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0530, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1569, T = 296(2) K.

CCDC no.: 2153325
The crystal structure of 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,5-di-p-tolylpentane-1,5-dione, C25H23ClO2
Authors: Zheng Jun , Liu Sen , Zhang Yaru , Huang Xianqiang
Published: April 2022

C25H23ClO2, orthorhombic, P212121, a = 5.5648(5) Å, b = 17.6062(15) Å, c = 21.5033(19) Å, V = 2106.8(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0529, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1371, T = 298 K.
“People confuse respeto ‘respect’ with terms of address”: an analysis of online metacommunication about politeness and second-person pronoun use in Peninsular Spanish
Authors: Chornet Daniel
Published: April 2022

This article investigates online metacommunication about politeness and second-person pronouns in Peninsular Spanish. I propose a framework that integrates a discursive approach to politeness, speech codes theory, and dialogism to capture emically the contested nature of politeness at the cultural level. The analyses show two oppositional codes of address: Las formas ‘manners’ presumes that the use of usted (formal-second person pronoun) is the default polite way to enact respect towards societal hierarchical structures. El tuteo ‘the act of addressing somebody as you[tú]’ presumes that respect is not inherent in terms of address or an obligation towards hierarchy; instead, respect is owed to all people and earned through one’s actions. These codes co-exist in tension and their respective meanings stem from how they articulate with each other. I conclude that online metacommunication provides new affordances to study politeness and speech codes.
Makna Tersurat dan Tersirat dalam Iklan di Radio Berdasarkan Teori Imej
Authors: Saad Syamsidah , Raja Ariffin Raja Masittah
Published: April 2022

Pengiklanan dalam kehidupan hari ini bukanlah suatu perkara yang asing, khususnya dalam bidang perniagaan. Dalam mengiklankan sesuatu barangan kepada khalayak sebagai sasaran, media massa berperanan penting dalam menyebarkan maklumat terbaharu atau mempromosikan sesuatu barangan di pasaran. Radio juga tidak ketinggalan menjadi salah satu media massa yang penting kepada pendengar. Kebanyakan iklan menggunakan makna tersirat dan tersurat dalam menarik perhatian para pendengar untuk membeli produk mereka. Walau bagaimanapun, maksud yang cuba disampaikan dalam iklan kadangkala kurang difahami oleh para pendengar. Oleh hal yang demikian, kajian ini diharap dapat menjadi panduan dan memberikan pengetahuan serta pemahaman kepada para pendengar terutama berkaitan maksud yang cuba disampaikan dalam iklan tersebut. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis makna tersirat dan tersurat dalam iklan yang disiarkan di stesenstesen radio dengan menggunakan Teori Imej yang digunakan secara meluas oleh pengkajipengkaji linguistik tradisional. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah rakaman audio bagi iklaniklan yang dipilih, dirakam dan ditranskripsikan ke dalam bentuk data untuk dianalisis. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa peranan semantik dalam bidang pengiklanan amat penting agar makna yang hendak disampaikan tepat dan sampai kepada pengguna. Walaupun matlamat akhir pengiklanan adalah untuk melariskan jualan yang merupakan faktor luar linguistik, tetapi hubungannya dengan bahasa adalah amat berkait rapat.
Gerak Kerja ‘5P’ Pembentukan Istilah Bahasa Melayu
Authors: Mat Dehan Asrul Azuan , Yaakob Hajah Nor Azuwan , Zakaria Jama’yah
Published: April 2022

Kajian ini merupakan kajian deskriptif untuk menganalisis sumber dan prosedur pentadbiran pembentukan istilah bahasa Melayu daripada bahasa asing. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk memberi pendedahan kepada pengguna tentang prosedur pentadbiran yang ditetapkan oleh Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP) untuk membentuk istilah bahasa Melayu daripada bahasa asing. Selain itu, kajian ini menggunakan kaedah temu bual dan kaedah analisis dokumen. Kaedah temu bual digunakan untuk mendapatkan data berkaitan dengan prosedur pentadbiran pembentukan istilah bahasa Melayu. Kaedah analisis dokumen pula digunakan untuk meneliti teks atau kajian terdahulu secara tekstual dan kontekstual. Objektif utama kajian adalah untuk mengenal pasti sumber dan prosedur pentadbiran pembentukan istilah bahasa asing. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat tiga sumber utama yang dimanfaatkan dalam pembentukan istilah, iaitu bahasa Melayu, bahasa yang serumpun dengan bahasa Melayu dan bahasa asing (bahasa Inggeris dan bahasa Arab). Berdasarkan analisis dari sudut prosedur pembentukan istilah bahasa Melayu, terdapat lima prosedur pentadbiran pembentukan istilah bahasa Melayu, iaitu penggubalan, pengesahan, penyelarasan, pemanuskripan dan penyebaran. Ringkasnya, prosedur pentadbiran pembentukan istilah bahasa Melayu merupakan satu elemen atau proses yang rumit dan mengambil jangka masa yang panjang. Prosedur ini perlu didedahkan kepada pengguna istilah bahasa Melayu untuk meningkatkan martabat bahasa Melayu ke peringkat global.
Acquisition of the Japanese Object Case Particle Wo by Adult Hindi Speakers: Testing the Transitivity Scale of TwoPlace Predicates
Authors: Chauhan Anubhuti
Published: April 2022

This paper examines the explanatory value of the transitivity scale of two-place predicates proposed by Tsunoda (1981, 1985, 1991) as applied to the ease or difficulty of the acquisition of the Japanese object case particle wo by Hindi speaking learners of Japanese as a foreign language. Tsunoda notes that predicates can be ranked cross-linguistically in the order of decreasing transitivity into the following types – Direct effect >> Perception >> Pursuit >> Knowledge >> Feeling >> Relation. The transitivity scale predicts that learners are more likely to analyze predicates highest in the hierarchy as transitive, and therefore mark the direct object NP with wo. Inversely, predicates lower in the hierarchy are more likely to be analyzed as intransitive, and therefore be marked by case particles other than wo. Acquisition data from 52 college-age learners divided into three proficiency levels bears out the predication in the case of predicates belonging to the extreme ends of the transitivity scale (Direct effect – Feeling, Relation). However, the prediction does not hold true for the intermediate types, which are better explained by Malchukov’s (2005) re-analyzed version of the transitivity scale. The results show that case particle selection is influenced by both predicate type as well as the case frame of individual verbs in the learner’s mother tongue.
Young Adult Literature and Higher-order Thinking Skills: A Confluence of Young Minds
Authors: Nagayar Sanmuganathan , Abd Aziz@Ahmad Azian , Kanniah Mangala Nayahi
Published: April 2022

This study explores the relationship between young adult literature (YAL) and higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) as reflected by a group of young adolescents. Focus group interviews were carried out using an interview protocol which consists of questions on students’ experiences with YAL. Following purposive sampling procedures, ten avid readers were selected among adolescent students in a secondary school. Two sessions of interview with the students were conducted to discuss the students’ reading of YAL and its relationship with HOTS. Using a qualitative analysis method – the content analysis, data gathered through focus-group interview, document analysis and classroom observation were analysed and the themes that emerged were used to answer the research questions. The findings revealed the need to engage students more actively in YAL as it could be instrumental in promoting HOTS in the classroom.
Kohesi Gramatikal Penghubung dalam Karangan Berbahasa Melayu
Authors: Mat Hassan Nurmasitah , Zakaria Jama’yah
Published: April 2022

Kohesi bermakna teks atau wacana berhubung antara satu sama lain bagi membina makna yang lebih jelas dan akhirnya dapat difahami oleh pembaca. Tiadanya kohesi dalam penulisan menyebabkan pembaca sukar memahami maklumat yang dibaca. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis penggunaan aspek kohesi gramatikal dalam karangan Bahasa Melayu pelajar pada peringkat pengajian tinggi awam. Sampel kajian adalah pelajar institusi pengajian tinggi awam dengan menggunakan karangan sebagai bahan kajian. Kajian ini menggunakan Teori Fungsional Fungsi Ayat. Data kajian diperoleh daripada karangan yang ditulis oleh pelajar yang mengambil kursus penulisan dalam Bahasa Melayu. Bagi tujuan keseragaman, tajuk karangan ditentukan dan tempoh penulisan adalah enam puluh minit. Datadata dikira dalam bentuk peratus dan dihuraikan. Analisis ini hanya membincangkan kohesi gramatikal jenis penghubung sahaja. Kohesi gramatikal penghubung terbahagi kepada lima bahagian iaitu penghubung pertambahan, penghubung pertentangan, penghubung sebab-akibat, penghubung waktu dan penghubung syarat. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan pelajar lebih banyak menggunakan kohesi gramatikal penghubung pertambahan dalam menulis karangan Bahasa Melayu.