bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Type of Delivery, Use of Oxytocin, and Maternal Age on POU5F1 Gene Expression in Stem Cells Derived from Wharton’s Jelly within the Umbilical Cord
Authors: Gil-Kulik Paulina , Chomik Piotr , Krzyżanowski Arkadiusz , Radzikowska-Büchner Elżbieta , Maciejewski Ryszard , Kwaśniewska Anna , Rahnama Mansur , Kocki Janusz
Published: December 2019

The paper presents an evaluation of the POU5F1 gene expression in mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton’s jelly within the umbilical cord, collected from 36 patients during labor. The study is the first one to show that the expression of POU5F1 in mesenchymal stem cells has been dependent on maternal age, birth order, route of delivery, and use of oxytocin. Our research proves that the POU5F1 gene expression in mesenchymal stem cells decreases with each subsequent pregnancy and delivery. Wharton’s jelly stem cells obtained from younger women and during their first delivery, as well as patients treated with oxytocin, show higher POU5F1 gene expression when compared with the subsequent deliveries. This leads to a conclusion that they are characterized by a lower level of differentiation, which in turn results in their greater plasticity and greater proliferative potential. Probably, they are also clinically more useful.
Investigation on Wheel‐Rail Contact and Damage Behavior in a Flange Bearing Frog with Explicit Finite Element Method
Authors: Gao Yuan , Wang Ping , Liu Yibin , Xu Jingmang , Dong Zhiguo , Wang Kai
Published: December 2019

Flange bearing frogs are designed to provide continuous rolling surfaces for trains traveling on the through line, but the interaction between wheel and rail in a diverging line is more complex than that for a common crossing, especially including flange bearing mode and multipoint contact during the transition. The wheel load will be transited from tread to flange and back to tread, which will intensify the wheel‐rail interaction. In this paper, a numerical procedure is presented for the analysis of wheel‐rail rolling contact behavior and damage prediction for the flange bearing frog. The three‐dimensional explicit finite element (FE) model of a wheel passing the flange bearing frog is established to obtain the dynamic wheel‐rail interaction in both the facing and the trailing move. The evolution of contact forces, the distribution of adhesion‐slip regions, and shear surface stress and microslip at the contact patch are revealed. Then, the competition relationship between RCF (rolling contact fatigue) and wear of a flange bearing frog is analyzed. The results of numerical simulations can contribute to an understanding of the mechanism of the transient rolling contact behavior and provide guidance in design optimization for flange bearing frogs.
Topical Application of Liriope platyphylla Extract Attenuates Dry Eye Syndrome Induced by Particulate Matter
Authors: Song Su Jeong , Hyun Soo-Wang , Lee Tae Gu , Park Bongkyun , Jo Kyuhyung , Lee Ik Soo , Kim Chan-Sik
Published: December 2019

Particulate matter (PM) is a type of air pollutant that poses a risk to human health. In the ocular system, PM causes or aggravates dry eye syndrome (DES) by damaging the corneal and conjunctival epithelia. Liriope platyphylla has been used traditionally as an expectorant, antitussive agent, and tonic in Korea. However, the effects of Liriope platyphylla extract (LPE) on PM-induced ocular damage have not been elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the in vivo protective effect of LPE against PM-induced DES in rats. Topical administration of LPE attenuated the PM-induced decrease in tear volume and reduced corneal epithelial irregularity and damage. LPE also protected against PM-induced disruption of the corneal mucin-4 layer and reduction in the conjunctival goblet cell density. These findings suggest that LPE has protective effects against PM-induced DES.
A Novel Method of Dynamic Force Identification and Its Application
Authors: Wang Nengjian , Liu Qinhui , Ren Chunping , Liu Chunsheng
Published: December 2019

In this paper, an efficient mixed spectral conjugate gradient (EMSCG, for short) method is presented for solving unconstrained optimization problems. In this work, we construct a novel formula performed by using a conjugate gradient parameter which takes into account the advantages of Fletcher–Reeves (FR), Polak–Ribiere–Polyak (PRP), and a variant Polak‐Ribiere‐Polyak (VPRP), prove its stability and convergence, and apply it to the dynamic force identification of practical engineering structure. The analysis results show that the present method has higher efficiency, stronger robust convergence quality, and fewer iterations. In addition, the proposed method can provide more efficient and numerically stable approximation of the actual force, compared with the FR method, PRP method, and VPRP method. Therefore, we can make a clear conclusion that the proposed method in this paper can provide an effective optimization solution. Meanwhile, there is reason to believe that the proposed method can offer a reference for future research.
Potential Relationship between Clinical Significance and Serum Exosomal miRNAs in Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Zhang Zhi-yao , Li Yan-chen , Geng Chuan-ying , Wang Hui-juan , Chen Wen-ming
Published: December 2019

This study evaluated the potential relationship between exosomal miRNAs and clinical symptoms in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Forty-eight newly diagnosed myeloma patients and sixteen normal donors were enrolled in the study. The results showed that the relative expression levels of let-7c-5p, let-7d-5p, miR-140-3p, miR-185-5p, and miR-425-5p in the exosomes of MM patients were significantly lower than those of healthy controls. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the clinical characteristics of myeloma, such as kidney damage, while the expression levels of the same miRNA in exosomes and serum are not correlated. The expression of exosomal miRNA is related to the expression levels of clinical feature-related factors, such as creatinine, β2-microglobulin, β-CTX, and IL-6 in serum. Establishing this relationship could contribute to understanding the pathogenesis of MM.
Effect of Maturity and Environmental Conditions on Chemical Composition of Olive Oils of Introduced Cultivars in Morocco
Authors: El Qarnifa Samira , El Antari Abderraouf , Hafidi Abdellatif
Published: December 2019

This work aims at evidencing the quality and chemical composition of extra virgin olive oils according to stages of maturity and in relation to the geographical location of olives. Three different olive cultivars (Moroccan Picholine, Languedoc Picholine, and Frantoio), grown in two different locations in Morocco (Errachidia and Marrakech), were studied during the two crop years (2016 and 2017) at three stages of maturity (green, purple, and black). This work has been carried out by analyzing several parameters, such as the quality characteristics (acidity and peroxide value), the chemical composition (total phenol content and fatty acid composition) of the oils, and also the fruit characteristics of the olives (maturity index, fruit water content, and oil content). The results obtained in this study indicate that as maturity advanced, there was a slight rise in oil content and acidity, while there was a decrease in fruit water content and peroxide value in both locations during the two crop years. The fatty acid composition of extra virgin olive oil showed a significant increase of linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and a decrease of oleic acid, palmitic acid, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and MUFA/PUFA ratio as the maturation process progressed. A significant gradual decrease was noted in total phenol content and bitterness intensity from the green stage to the black. Moreover, olive oil composition differed clearly between the two sites. Therefore, the olive cultivar, harvesting date, and geographic location influence the olive oil characteristics.
Potentials of Biochars Derived from Bamboo Leaf Biomass as Energy Sources: Effect of Temperature and Time of Heating
Authors: Armynah Bidayatul , Tahir Dahlang , Tandilayuk Monalisa , Djafar Zuryati , Piarah Wahyu H.
Published: December 2019

Biochars from bamboo leaves as a potential energy resource were synthesized by annealing in the oxygen-free environment. Samples were characterized using proximate analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Heating temperatures are 250°C, 300°C, and 350°C and for each temperature, the time was varied between 30, 60, and 90 minutes. The heating time for 30 minutes results in FC 30.777% and calorific value 15 MJ/Kg at temperature 250°C and decreased to 4.004% and 6 MJ/Kg at temperature 350°C, respectively. EDS shows the time of heating is an important parameter which shows the carbon and nitrogen contents were decreasing with the increase in the heating time, and silicon and oxygen contents were increasing with increase in the heating time. XRD shows broad (002) reflections between 20° and 30°, which indicated disordered carbon with small domains of coherent and parallel stacking of the graphene sheets, which is consistent with surface morphology of the SEM image. The experimental results indicated that heating at 300°C for 30 minutes is an effective and efficient parameter for fabrication of low-cost carbon from bamboo leaves which is a source of useful energy.
Prevalence and Intensity of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection among Rural Community of Southwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Study
Authors: Tekalign Eyob , Bajiro Mitiku , Ayana Mio , Tiruneh Abebaw , Belay Tariku
Published: December 2019

Background. Helminths are significant contributors to global health problems. Subgroup soil-transmitted helminths are among the listed neglected tropical diseases. The rural inhabitants often suffer from heavy infection, particularly children and pregnant women. Objective. The study aimed at determining the magnitude and intensity of soil-transmitted helminth infection and associated risk factors in the study area where the prevalence and intensity of the infection are yet unknown at the community level. Method. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 2016 on 377 individuals. Systematic random sampling was utilized to select the households. Lottery method was used for study subject selection in the households. Sociodemographic and risk factor data were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Parasitological tests were processed using Kato-Katz thick smear and duplicate direct wet mount analysis of the stool sample. Results. A total of 377 subjects aged from 2 to 55 years were enrolled in the study, of which 211 were female (56%) and 166 were male (44%). The overall prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths was 265 (70.3%). The females shared more (36.6%, 138) as compared to males (33.7%, 127) at P<0.05. Of all identified soil-transmitted helminths, Trichuris trichiura was the predominant infectious agent (66.8%, 252) followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (16.4%, 62) and hookworm (14.1%, 53). Gender (AOR: 1.67 (95% CI: 1.034–2.706)), lack of fruit washing before consumption (AOR: 1.7 (95% CI: 1.1–2.6)), open defecation habit (AOR: 1.75 (95% CI: 0.921–3.338)), and drinking untreated water (AOR: 1.994 (95% CI: 1.019–3.90)) were significantly associated with soil-transmitted helminth infection. Conclusion. High prevalence of STH infection was still an important health issue of the community even after the implementation of the health extension program. Hence, intervention considering all population of the residents as eligible to deworm and health education are mandatory.
Posterior Fixation Combined with Vertebroplasty or Vertebral Column Resection for the Treatment of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures with Intravertebral Cleft Complicated by Neurological Deficits
Authors: Wei Hongyu , Dong Chunke , Zhu Yuting
Published: December 2019

Purpose. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relative benefits of posterior fixation combined with vertebroplasty (PFVP) or vertebral column resection (PVCR) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) with intravertebral cleft (IVC) complicated by neurological deficits. Methods. From June 2010 to January 2015, 45 consecutive patients suffering OVCFs with IVC and spinal cord injuries were treated with PFVP or PVCR in our department. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, anterior vertebral height (AVH), posterior vertebral height (PVH), local kyphotic angle (LKA), and neurologic function were evaluated and compared, and the operative duration, blood loss, and complications were also recorded. Results. They all achieved excellent pain relief, vertebral height recovery, and kyphosis correction one month after surgery, and no significant differences existed between the two groups. No significant differences were observed between the 1-month postoperative and final follow-up VAS, AVH, and LKA values in the PVCR group (P>0.05), while AVH and LKA worsened in the PFVP group at the final follow-up (P<0.05). Similarly, the initial improvements in VAS scores decreased over time (P<0.05). Neurologic function improved in both groups, and no significant differences were observed between the 2 groups either preoperatively or postoperatively (P>0.05). The blood loss and operative duration were significantly lower in the PFVP group than those in the PVCR group (P<0.05). Conclusion. Compared with PVCR, PFVP had equivalent short-term clinical outcomes with less blood loss and operative duration which can be very beneficial for treating elderly patients with extreme comorbidities in this condition. However, based on the long-term efficacy of pain relief, vertebral height maintenance, and deformity correction, PVCR is a more reasonable choice.
Mathematical Model of a Three‐Phase Induction Machine in a Natural abc Reference Frame Utilizing the Method of Numerical Integration of Average Voltages at the Integration Step and Its Application to the Analysis of Electromechanical Systems
Authors: Kuznyetsov Oleksiy
Published: December 2019

Recent advances in the real‐time simulation of electric machines are linked with the increase in the operation speed of the numerical models retaining the calculation accuracy. We propose utilizing the method of average voltages at the integration step (AVIS) for the design of a three‐phase induction machine’s model in its natural abc reference frame. The method allows for avoiding rotational e.m.f. calculation at every step; in turn, the electromagnetic energy conversion is accounted by the change of flux‐linkage. The model is integrated into the object‐oriented environment in C++ for designing the computer models of electromechanical systems. The design of the model of an electromechanical system utilizing the proposed approach is explained in an example. The behavior of the numerical models of a three‐phase IM has been compared for the set of conventional numerical methods as well as first‐ and second‐order AVIS. It has been demonstrated that both first‐ and second‐order AVIS methods are suitable tools for high‐speed applications, namely, AVIS provides higher maximum possible integration step (e.g., first‐order AVIS provides 4 times higher than the second‐order Runge–Kutta method, and the second‐order AVIS provides 2.5 times higher than the first‐order method). Therefore, we consider the most preferable order of the AVIS method for the high‐speed applications is the second order, while the first order may be a suitable alternative to increase the calculation speed by 30% with the acceptable decrease in the accuracy.
Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases
Authors: Zhao Yingying , Xing Huichun , Wang Xiaomei , Ou Weini , Zhao Hong , Li Ben , Li Yue , Duan Ying , Zhuang Liwei , Li Wei , Cheng Danying , Quan Min , Zhang Yu , Ji Shibo
Published: December 2019

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common chronic disease affecting humans globally. During the last few years, the incidence of diabetes has increased and has received more attention. In addition to growing DM populations, DM complications are involving injuries to more organs, such as the heart and cerebral vessel damage. DM complications can reduce quality of life and shorten life spans and eventually also impede social and economic development. Therefore, effective measures to curb the occurrence and development of diabetes assist in improving patients’ quality of life, delay the progression of DM in the population, and ease a social burden. The liver is regarded as an important link in the management and control of DM, including the alleviation of glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism and others via glucose storage and endogenous glucose generation from glycogen stored in the liver. Liver cirrhosis is a very common chronic disease, which often lowers the quality of life and decreases life expectancy. According to a growing body of research, diabetes shows a close correlation with hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Moreover, coexistence of liver complications would accelerate the deterioration of patients with diabetes. Liver cirrhosis and diabetes influence each other. Thus, in addition to pharmacological treatments and lifestyle interventions, effective control of cirrhosis might assist in a better management of diabetes. When it comes to different etiologies of liver cirrhosis, different therapeutic methods, such as antiviral treatment, may be more effective. Effective control of cirrhosis might be a strategy for better management of diabetes.
Mood Detection from Physical and Neurophysical Data Using Deep Learning Models
Authors: Kilimci Zeynep Hilal , Güven Aykut , Uysal Mitat , Akyokus Selim
Published: December 2019

Nowadays, smart devices as a part of daily life collect data about their users with the help of sensors placed on them. Sensor data are usually physical data but mobile applications collect more than physical data like device usage habits and personal interests. Collected data are usually classified as personal, but they contain valuable information about their users when it is analyzed and interpreted. One of the main purposes of personal data analysis is to make predictions about users. Collected data can be divided into two major categories: physical and behavioral data. Behavioral data are also named as neurophysical data. Physical and neurophysical parameters are collected as a part of this study. Physical data contains measurements of the users like heartbeats, sleep quality, energy, movement/mobility parameters. Neurophysical data contain keystroke patterns like typing speed and typing errors. Users’ emotional/mood statuses are also investigated by asking daily questions. Six questions are asked to the users daily in order to determine the mood of them. These questions are emotion‐attached questions, and depending on the answers, users’ emotional states are graded. Our aim is to show that there is a connection between users’ physical/neurophysical parameters and mood/emotional conditions. To prove our hypothesis, we collect and measure physical and neurophysical parameters of 15 users for 1 year. The novelty of this work to the literature is the usage of both combinations of physical and neurophysical parameters. Another novelty is that the emotion classification task is performed by both conventional machine learning algorithms and deep learning models. For this purpose, Feedforward Neural Network (FFNN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) neural network are employed as deep learning methodologies. Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), and Decision Integration Strategy (DIS) are evaluated as conventional machine learning algorithms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the very first attempt to analyze the neurophysical conditions of the users by evaluating deep learning models for mood analysis and enriching physical characteristics with neurophysical parameters. Experiment results demonstrate that the utilization of deep learning methodologies and the combination of both physical and neurophysical parameters enhances the classification success of the system to interpret the mood of the users. A wide range of comparative and extensive experiments shows that the proposed model exhibits noteworthy results compared to the state‐of‐art studies.
Detection Rate and Diagnostic Value of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in the Diagnosis of Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Yuelin , Yang Jingyuan , Li Bing , Yuan Mingzhen , Chen Youxin
Published: December 2019

Purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the detection rate of polyps and branching vascular networks (BVNs) in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and assess the sensitivity and specificity of OCTA in differentiating PCV from wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD). Materials and Methods. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and other sources. The detection rates of polyps and BVNs in observational studies and the sensitivity and specificity of PCV diagnosis from wAMD in diagnostic studies were extracted. Results. Twenty studies (573 eyes) were eligible. The combined detection rate of OCTA in PCV polyp lesion diagnosis was 0.67 (95% CI: 0.55–0.79), while that of BVNs was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.81–0.91). The detection rate of polyps was compared with that of BVNs in the same study, and the combined relative risk was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.72–0.92). The combined sensitivity of PCV diagnosis in wAMD patients using OCTA was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.55–0.90), combined specificity 0.84 (95% CI: 0.60–0.95), and area under the SROC curve 0.87 (95% CI: 0.84–0.90). Conclusion. OCTA has a high PCV polyp and BVN detection rate, and the detection rate of BVNs is higher than that of the polyp. OCTA has acceptable sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing PCV from wAMD. Thus, OCTA may be helpful for clinical diagnosis of PCV.
Prevalence and Progression of Cognitive Impairment in Atrial Fibrillation Patients after Treatment with Catheter Ablation or Drug Therapy
Authors: Tischer Tina S. , Nitschke Daniel , Krause Isabelle , Kundt Günther , Öner Alper , D’Ancona Giuseppe , Şafak Erdal , Ince Hüseyin , Ortak Jasmin , Caglayan Evren
Published: December 2019

Purpose. In atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, the effect of catheter ablation or drug therapy on cognition is currently not well investigated. Therefore, we prospectively evaluated AF patients who were either treated 'with drug therapy or underwent catheter ablation for the prevalence and progression of cognitive impairment (CI). Methods. Randomized participants of the CABANA trial (catheter ablation versus antiarrhythmic drug therapy for atrial fibrillation) and the CASTLE-AF (catheter ablation versus standard conventional treatment in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and atrial fibrillation) study were assessed twice within 6 months by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in our institution. Results. Forty-five patients from both trials were investigated, and twenty-eight patients received catheter ablation, whereas seventeen patients received drug therapy for rhythm or rate control. The mean age of the twenty-one CABANA trial patients (AF group) was 68.8 ± 7.0 years and of the twenty-four CASTLE-AF study patients (AF/HF group) was 66.8 ± 8.1 years, respectively. Mean time from ablation/randomization to the first interview was 16.8 ± 11 months in the AF group and 28.3 ± 18.4 months in the AF/HF group, respectively. All patients investigated were classified as cognitively impaired with mean cutoff scores <24 by MoCA. Overall, we could not detect significant differences in medically treated versus catheter ablation patients within both groups in mean MMSE or MoCA scores between the first and the second interview (p>0.09). Moreover, patients who received catheter ablation did not show statistically significant differences in the prevalence or progression of cognitive impairment compared to patients who were treated medically, neither within the two groups nor between AF and AF/HF patients (p>0.05). Conclusions. Prevalence of cognitive impairment in AF patients with comorbidities is substantial. However, in this preliminary prospective study, no apparent impact of AF pretreatment on the prevalence and course of cognitive impairment could be observed.
Knowledge and Attitude on Insulin Self-Administration among Type 1 Diabetic Patients at Metu Karl Referral Hospital, Ethiopia
Authors: Yosef Tewodros
Published: December 2019

Background. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It is a public health problem as the disease is epidemic in both developed and developing counties. Knowledge and attitude of patients regarding insulin self-administration could lead to better management of diabetes and eventually a good quality of life. Despite this, the evidence that showed the knowledge and attitude on insulin self-administration is a substantial deficiency in Ethiopia. Objective. To assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and associated factors on insulin self-administration among type 1 diabetic patients at Metu Karl Referral Hospital, Ethiopia, in 2019. Methods. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among systematically selected 245 type 1 diabetic patients at Metu Karl Referral Hospital, Ethiopia, in January 2019. The data were collected through a face-to-face interview. The collected data were entered using EpiData version 4.2.0.0, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 20. A binary logistic regression model was used. Independent variables with a P value of less than 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression model were considered significant. Results. Out of 242 type 1 diabetic patients interviewed, 93 (38.4%, 95% CI (32.3%-44.5%)) had good knowledge and 50 (20.7%, 95% CI (15.6%-25.8%)) had favorable attitude on insulin self-administration. The study also found that being unmarried (AOR=3.59, 95% CI (1.15-11.3), P=0.028), increased educational level (AOR=3.02, 95% CI (1.36-6.74), P=0.007), and more years of treatment (AOR=3.70, 95% CI (1.16-11.8), P=0.027) were factors associated with good knowledge on insulin self-administration, whereas being a member of DM association (AOR=3.57, 95% CI (1.66-7.69), P=0.001) was the only factor associated with favorable attitude on insulin self-administration. Conclusion. The knowledge and attitude on insulin self-administration among type 1 diabetic patients were substantially low. Diabetes and insulin self-administration education should be imparted by health professionals at each follow-up visit. Besides, strengthening of information, education, and communication (IEC) on the issue of diabetes and insulin self-administration using mass media (television/radio) plays paramount importance.
Robust Tracking Control of a Quadrotor UAV Based on Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller
Authors: Huang Tianpeng , Huang Deqing , Wang Zhikai , Shah Awais
Published: December 2019

In this paper, a robust adaptive sliding mode control scheme is developed for attitude and altitude tracking of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system under the simultaneous effect of parametric uncertainties and consistent external disturbance. The underactuated dynamic model of the quadrotor UAV is first built via the Newton–Euler formalism. Considering the nonlinear and strongly coupled characteristics of the quadrotor, the controller is then designed using a sliding mode approach. Meanwhile, additional adaptive laws are proposed to further improve the robustness of the proposed control scheme against the parametric uncertainties of the system. It is proven that the control laws can eliminate the altitude and attitude tracking errors, which are guaranteed to converge to zero asymptotically, even under a strong external disturbance. Finally, numerical simulation and experimental tests are performed, respectively, to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller, where its superiority to linear quadratic control and active disturbance rejection control has been demonstrated clearly.
Stability of Traveling Wave Fronts for a Three Species Predator‐Prey Model with Nonlocal Dispersals
Authors: Yuan Dongmei , Bai Yuzhen
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we consider a predator‐prey model with nonlocal dispersals of two cooperative preys and one predator. We prove that the traveling wave fronts with the relatively large wave speed are exponentially stable as perturbation in some exponentially weighted spaces, when the difference between initial data and traveling wave fronts decay exponentially at negative infinity, but in other locations, the initial data can be very large. The adopted method is to use the weighted energy method and the squeezing technique with some new flavors to handle the nonlocal dispersals.
З ДОСВІДУ ЗАПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ОБ’ЄКТИВНОГО СТРУКТУРОВАНОГО КЛІНІЧНОГО ІСПИТУ В ІВАНО-ФРАНКІВСЬКОМУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОМУ МЕДИЧНОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ
Authors: Rozhko M. M. , Erstenyuk H. M. , Kapechuk V. V. , Pelekhan L. I. , Ivantsiv M. O.
Published: December 2019

Мета роботи – проведення аналізу результатів запровадження об’єктивного структурованого клінічного іспиту (ОСКІ) для оцінки рівня знань і практичних навичок у лікарів-інтернів Навчально-наукового інституту післядипломної освіти (ННІПО) під час складання підсумкової атестації.

Основна частина. В ІФНМУ проведено пілотний проект із запровадження ОСКІ для лікарів-інтернів із спеціальностей: «Акушерство і гінекологія», «Педіатрія», «Офтальмологія», «Хірургія», «МНС», «Радіологія», «Неврологія», «Інфекційні хвороби», «Психіатрія», «Фтизіатрія та пульмонологія», «Дерматовенерологія». Аналіз отриманих результатів дозволив встановити переваги ОСКІ на відміну від традиційних іспитів, зокрема достовірність оцінки, надійність та гнучкість. Водночас варто звернути увагу на цілу низку проблемних питань, які виникають при запровадженні ОСКІ, такі, як: непідготовлені стандартизовані пацієнти, недостатній досвід екзаменаторів і організаторів іспиту, потребує вдосконалення матеріальна та методична база.

Висновок. Пілотний проект із запровадження ОСКІ в ІФНМУ вказує на ефективність іспиту та необхідність поширення таких підходів до підсумкової атестації випускників Університету з врахуванням міжнародного досвіду.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СИМУЛЯЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ В ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ПРАКТИЧНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ СТУДЕНТІВ У БУКОВИНСЬКОМУ ДЕРЖАВНОМУ МЕДИЧНОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ
Authors: Boychuk T. M. , Gerush I. V. , Khodorovskyi V. M. , Koloskova O. K, , Marusyk U. I.
Published: December 2019

Мета роботи – оцінити ефективність застосування симуляційного навчання для покращення професійної підготовки медиків на базі Вищого державного навчального закладу України «Буковинський державний медичний університет» з урахуванням ставлення студентів до даної освітньої технології.

Основна частина. У статті висвітлено впровадження симуляційних технологій у навчальний процес студентів-медиків Вищого державного навчального закладу України «Буковинський державний медичний університет». Оцінено ефективність застосування симуляційного навчання у професійній підготовці лікарів і ставлення студентів до даної методики. 

Висновки. Метод стимуляційного навчання в умовах COSMIT є сучасним і ефективним засобом підвищення ефективності фахової підготовки на додипломному етапі. 

Занурення суб’єктів навчання в клінічну ситуацію, створену за допомогою сучасних тренажерів і фантомів, а також стандартизованих пацієнтів, не тільки дозволяє покращити компетентнісну підготовку студентів, але і поліпшує впевненість та готовність майбутніх медиків до вирішення клінічних задач у реальних умовах.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ КОМПЕТЕНТНІСНОГО ПІДХОДУ ПРИ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ОЧНО-ЗАОЧНОГО НАВЧАННЯ НА РІЗНИХ ЕТАПАХ ПІДГОТОВКИ ЛІКАРІВ
Authors: Nykonenko O. S. , Shapoval S. D. , Dmytriieva S. M. , Hrytsun T. O.
Published: December 2019

Мета роботи – аналіз ефективності педагогічних умов формування фахових компетентностей лікарів при організації очно-заочного навчання у Державному закладі «Запорізька медична академія післядипломної освіти Міністерства охорони здоров’я України» (ДЗ «ЗМАПО МОЗ України»). Основна частина. Доведено, що формування професійних компетенцій лікарів залежить від застосування різних підходів до реалізації цілей навчання, мотивації та прагнення підвищувати свій професійний рівень. Перспективним напрямком підвищення фахової освіти у ДЗ «ЗМАПО МОЗ України» визначено застосування дистанційних технологій, зокрема при проведені різноманітних навчальних моделей із застосуванням освітнього середовища Moodle, у тому числі через фахові Internet-ресурси. Представлено досвід проведення кафедрами академії циклів очно-заочної післядипломної підготовки та безперервного професійного розвитку лікарів  за дистанційними методами. Підкреслено, що навчання на основі компетентнісного підходу з використанням дистанційних технологій мотивує учасників. Визначено рівень сформованості фахових компетенцій лікарів. Висновок. Організація очно-заочного навчання, що ґрунтується на компетентнісному підході, підвищує мотивацію до самоосвіти лікарів та сприяє застосуванню необхідних знань у сфері їх професійного й особистісного розвитку.
ВПЛИВ НОВІТНІХ ІНТЕРАКТИВНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ НА БЕЗПЕРЕРВНИЙ ПРОФЕСІЙНИЙ РОЗВИТОК ЛІКАРІВ
Authors: Khvisyuk O. M. , Marchenko V. G. , Gyrya M. P. , Kolomiychenko Yu. A. , Golanishchev M. O. , Zherebkin V. V. , Soboleva I. A. , Yeloyeva Z. V. , Tsodikova O. A. , Voronzhev I. O. , Sergienko O. I.
Published: December 2019

Мета роботи – розкрити структуру та роль навчально-тренінгового центру з 3D-візуалізації у застосуванні новітніх інтерактивних технологій при безперервному професійному вдосконаленні лікарів та подальшому розвитку Харківської медичної академії післядипломної освіти.

Основна частина. У статті наведено результати реалізації компетентнісно-орієнтованого підходу в післядипломній медичній освіті з впровадженням освітніх інтерактивних технологій, нових форм та методів організації навчального процесу.

Розкрито роль навчально-тренінгового центру технологій 3D-візуалізацій у Харківській медичній академії післядипломної освіти для забезпечення якості освітнього процесу відповідно до стандартів вищої освіти, нормативних документів з організації освітньої діяльності та політики у сфері якості освіти.

Висновок. При впровадженні  новітніх інноваційних технологій у навчальний процес відмічено більший відсоток засвоєння матеріалу при використанні 3D-візуалізаційного столу, крім цього, зазначено вищий прогрес отриманих знань слухачами при використанні інтерактивних технологій.
ПРАКТИЧНІ НАВИЧКИ ДЛЯ ЛІКАРІВ НА КАФЕДРІ МЕДИЦИНИ НЕВІДКЛАДНИХ СТАНІВ: ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ МЕТОДИКИ ВИКЛАДАННЯ
Authors: Volosovets A. O. , Slonetsky B. I. , Zozulya I. S. , Zozulya A. I. , Bobrova V. I.
Published: December 2019

Мета роботи – оптимізувати викладання та розподіл алгоритмів виконання практичних навичок лікарями медицини невідкладних станів на догоспітальному та ранньому госпітальному етапах згідно з сучасними стандартами надання невідкладної медичної допомоги.

Основна частина. Для реалізації та адекватного інструментального забезпечення демонстрації та наступного відпрацювання практичних навичок на кафедрі наявні спеціалізовані манекени та обладнання, які дозволяють у повному об’ємі виконувати всі маніпуляції, передбачені алгоритмами надання невідкладної медичної допомоги. Важливим аспектом, завдяки якому кафедра наслідує сучасним міжнародним стандартам надання допомоги, є розподіл викладання практичних навичок надання невідкладної допомоги з урахуванням загальноприйнятих в усьому світі понять BLS (basic life support) та ALS (advanced life support).

Висновок. Оптимізація методики викладання практичних навичок для надання невідкладної медичної допомоги відповідно до сучасних стандартів лікування невідкладних станів збільшує якість надання допомоги та дозволяє зменшити втрати часу на догоспітальному етапі, що здатне значною мірою підвищити виживання та відсоток позитивного прогнозу для пацієнтів з невідкладною медичною патологією.
ДОСВІД РОБОТИ СИМУЛЯЦІЙНОГО ЦЕНТРУ ВІННИЦЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО МЕДИЧНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ: ПІДСУМКИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ
Authors: Moroz V. M. , Guminskyi J. I. , Konkov D. G. , Fomina L. V. , Guminskа О. J.
Published: December 2019

Мета роботи – висвітлити досвід Вінницького національного медичного університету ім. М. І. Пирогова в галузі симуляційної медицини та проведенні об’єктивного структурованого клінічного іспиту. Основна частина. Структуровані програми симуляційного навчання надзвичайно корисні в тих галузях медицини, де виконується багато дуже небезпечних маніпуляцій – в акушерстві, анестезіології, ургентній та інтенсивній терапії, хірургії або педіатрії, для навчання персоналу, роботи з удосконалення чинних клінічних протоколів та практичних алгоритмів та/або апробації організаційних чинників у веденні ургентних ситуацій. Провідні організації охорони здоров’я порекомендували такі стандарти медичної допомоги, які змушують запроваджувати симуляційне навчання. Співробітники симуляційного центру ВНМУ ім. М. І. Пирогова  використовують для симуляційного навчання в медицині: проведення об’єктивного структурованого клінічного іспиту (ОСКІ/OSCE’s), призначеного для перевірки компетенції та виконання практичних навичок, таких, як комунікація, клінічне обстеження, медичні маніпуляції/призначення, призначення вправ тощо. Його складають з реальними або «удаваними» пацієнтами (пацієнтами-акторами), проходячи через декілька пунктів, на кожному з яких є свій екзаменатор та виділено певний час. До та після проведення такого іспиту ми проводили брифінг та дебрифінг. Висновки. Підготовка фахівців, які у майбутньому покликані відповідати за життя та здоров’я людей, зокрема у критичних ситуаціях, не можлива без відпрацювання навичок у симуляційних центрах.  Останнім часом зацікавленість щодо симуляційного медичного навчання в Україні значно зростає. З’являється обладнання, відкриваються нові навчальні центри. Щоб повною мірою використати потенціал симуляційного навчання, важливо дотримуватися ефективної методології, налагодити співпрацю між симуляційними центрами та належну підготовку викладачів, здатних організувати навчальний процес з урахуванням сучасного європейського досвіду.
САМООЦІНКА ДИНАМІКИ І СУЧАСНОГО СТАНУ КАДРОВОГО, НАВЧАЛЬНО-МЕТОДИЧНОГО ТА МАТЕРІАЛЬНО-ТЕХНІЧНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ПІДГОТОВКИ ФАХІВЦІВ ГАЛУЗІ ЗНАНЬ 22 «ОХОРОНА ЗДОРОВ’Я» В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ МЕДИЧНІЙ СТОМАТОЛОГІЧНІЙ АКАДЕМІЇ
Authors: Zhdan V. M. , Dvornyk V. M. , Starchenko I. I. , Bieliaieva O. M.
Published: December 2019

Мета роботи ‒ провести самооцінку динаміки і сучасного стану кадрового, навчально-методичного та матеріально-технічного забезпечення підготовки фахівців галузі знань 22 «Охорона здоров’я» в Українській медичній стоматологічній академії.

Основна частина. Надано результати самооцінки динаміки і сучасного стану кадрового, навчально-методичного та матеріально-технічного забезпечення підготовки фахівців галузі знань 22 «Охорона здоров’я» в Українській медичній стоматологічній академії. Показано, що об’єктивним показником якості освітньої діяльності є достатньо високе місце, яке академія посідає в незалежному національному рейтингу «ТОП-200 Україна», який щорічно проводиться Центром міжнародних проектів «Євро­освіта» у партнерстві з міжнародною групою експертів IREG Observatory on Academic Ranking and Excellence. Виявлено позитивну динаміку зростання показника «оцінка якості науково-педагогічного потенціалу» і проаналізовано чинники, які забезпечили цю динаміку в 2018 р.

Висновок. Проведений самоаналіз динаміки і сучасного стану  кадрового,  навчально-методичного  та  матеріально-технічного забезпечення процесу підготовки фахівців  галузі знань 22 «Охорона здоров’я» в Українській медичній стоматологічній академії засвідчив, що якість вищої освіти та надання освітніх послуг відповідає державним і міжнародним стандартам, а прийнята «Політика у сфері якості» відповідає вимогам сьогодення і сприяє підтриманню конкурентоспроможності академії на національному та міжнародному рівнях.
Prefrontal Cortex Regulates Chronic Stress‐Induced Cardiovascular Susceptibility
Authors: Schaeuble Derek , Packard Amy E. B. , McKlveen Jessica M. , Morano Rachel , Fourman Sarah , Smith Brittany L. , Scheimann Jessie R. , Packard Benjamin A. , Wilson Steven P. , James Jeanne , Hui David Y. , Ulrich‐Lai Yvonne M. , Herman James P. , Myers Brent
Published: December 2019

Background

The medial prefrontal cortex is necessary for appropriate appraisal of stressful information, as well as coordinating visceral and behavioral processes. However, prolonged stress impairs medial prefrontal cortex function and prefrontal‐dependent behaviors. Additionally, chronic stress induces sympathetic predominance, contributing to health detriments associated with autonomic imbalance. Previous studies identified a subregion of rodent prefrontal cortex, infralimbic cortex (
IL
), as a key regulator of neuroendocrine‐autonomic integration after chronic stress, suggesting that
IL
output may prevent chronic stress‐induced autonomic imbalance. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that the
IL
regulates hemodynamic, vascular, and cardiac responses to chronic stress.

Methods and Results

A viral‐packaged small interfering RNA construct was used to knockdown vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (
vG
luT1) and reduce glutamate packaging and release from
IL
projection neurons. Male rats were injected with a
vG
luT1 small interfering RNA‐expressing construct or GFP (green fluorescent protein) control into the
IL
and then remained as unstressed controls or were exposed to chronic variable stress.
IL vG
luT1 knockdown increased heart rate and mean arterial pressure reactivity, while chronic variable stress increased chronic mean arterial pressure only in small interfering RNA‐treated rats. In another cohort, chronic variable stress and vGluT1 knockdown interacted to impair both endothelial‐dependent and endothelial‐independent vasoreactivity ex vivo. Furthermore,
vG
luT1 knockdown and chronic variable stress increased histological markers of fibrosis and hypertrophy.

Conclusions

Knockdown of glutamate release from
IL
projection neurons indicates that these cells are necessary to prevent the enhanced physiological responses to stress that promote susceptibility to cardiovascular pathophysiology. Ultimately, these findings provide evidence for a neurobiological mechanism mediating the relationship between stress and poor cardiovascular health outcomes.
From Synaptic Interactions to Collective Dynamics in Random Neuronal Networks Models: Critical Role of Eigenvectors and Transient Behavior
Authors: Gudowska-Nowak E. , Nowak M. A. , Chialvo D. R. , Ochab J. K. , Tarnowski W.
Published: December 2019

The study of neuronal interactions is at the center of several big collaborative neuroscience projects (including the Human Connectome Project, the Blue Brain Project, and the Brainome) that attempt to obtain a detailed map of the entire brain. Under certain constraints, mathematical theory can advance predictions of the expected neural dynamics based solely on the statistical properties of the synaptic interaction matrix. This work explores the application of free random variables to the study of large synaptic interaction matrices. Besides recovering in a straightforward way known results on eigenspectra in types of models of neural networks proposed by Rajan and Abbott ( 2006 ), we extend them to heavy-tailed distributions of interactions. More important, we analytically derive the behavior of eigenvector overlaps, which determine the stability of the spectra. We observe that on imposing the neuronal excitation/inhibition balance, despite the eigenvalues remaining unchanged, their stability dramatically decreases due to the strong nonorthogonality of associated eigenvectors. This leads us to the conclusion that understanding the temporal evolution of asymmetric neural networks requires considering the entangled dynamics of both eigenvectors and eigenvalues, which might bear consequences for learning and memory processes in these models. Considering the success of free random variables theory in a wide variety of disciplines, we hope that the results presented here foster the additional application of these ideas in the area of brain sciences.
Scaled Coupled Norms and Coupled Higher-Order Tensor Completion
Authors: Wimalawarne Kishan , Yamada Makoto , Mamitsuka Hiroshi
Published: December 2019

Recently, a set of tensor norms known as coupled norms has been proposed as a convex solution to coupled tensor completion. Coupled norms have been designed by combining low-rank inducing tensor norms with the matrix trace norm. Though coupled norms have shown good performances, they have two major limitations: they do not have a method to control the regularization of coupled modes and uncoupled modes, and they are not optimal for couplings among higher-order tensors. In this letter, we propose a method that scales the regularization of coupled components against uncoupled components to properly induce the low-rankness on the coupled mode. We also propose coupled norms for higher-order tensors by combining the square norm to coupled norms. Using the excess risk-bound analysis, we demonstrate that our proposed methods lead to lower risk bounds compared to existing coupled norms. We demonstrate the robustness of our methods through simulation and real-data experiments.
Improving Generalization via Attribute Selection on Out-of-the-Box Data
Authors: Xu Xiaofeng , Tsang Ivor W. , Liu Chuancai
Published: December 2019

Zero-shot learning (ZSL) aims to recognize unseen objects (test classes) given some other seen objects (training classes) by sharing information of attributes between different objects. Attributes are artificially annotated for objects and treated equally in recent ZSL tasks. However, some inferior attributes with poor predictability or poor discriminability may have negative impacts on the ZSL system performance. This letter first derives a generalization error bound for ZSL tasks. Our theoretical analysis verifies that selecting the subset of key attributes can improve the generalization performance of the original ZSL model, which uses all the attributes. Unfortunately, previous attribute selection methods have been conducted based on the seen data, and their selected attributes have poor generalization capability to the unseen data, which is unavailable in the training stage of ZSL tasks. Inspired by learning from pseudo-relevance feedback, this letter introduces out-of-the-box data—pseudo-data generated by an attribute-guided generative model—to mimic the unseen data. We then present an iterative attribute selection (IAS) strategy that iteratively selects key attributes based on the out-of-the-box data. Since the distribution of the generated out-of-the-box data is similar to that of the test data, the key attributes selected by IAS can be effectively generalized to test data. Extensive experiments demonstrate that IAS can significantly improve existing attribute-based ZSL methods and achieve state-of-the-art performance.
Melting Ornaments into Fetters and Chains: Mammaṭa’s Reclassification of the Poetic Ornaments
Authors: Cummins Patrick T.
Published: December 2019

Mammaṭa Bhaṭṭa’s magnum opus, the Kāvyaprakāśa, composed at the tail-end of over two centuries of debate in Kashmir on Ānandavardhana’s theory of suggestion, has long been recognized for its encyclopedic and systematic aspirations, but as is argued in this article, the exact nature of Mammaṭa’s theory in relation to Ānandavardhana’s has been misunderstood. Specifically, Mammaṭa reclassifies the poetic ornaments (alaṅkāras) as non-suggestive poetry (avyaṅgya), in contrast to Ānandavardhana, for whom the ornaments are poetry of subordinate suggestion (guṇībhūtavyaṅgya). This reclassification has deep ramifications for the subsequent discourse, as Mammaṭa’s Kāvyaprakāśa attracts more commentary and inspires more imitation-works than any other treatise in the discourse’s history.