bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
58.3: A Solid‐state Multi‐planar Volumetric Display
Authors: Sullivan Alan
Published: January 2005

The DepthCube™ 3D display is a solid‐state multi‐planar volumetric display system in which a DLP based high speed projector projects slices of the 3D scene onto a stack of LC scattering shutters acting as an electronically controlled projection volume. The scattering shutters are based on Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Texture material. Highly continuous appearing 3D images are obtained through multi‐planar anti‐aliasing.
58.4: DSHARP — A Wide Screen Multi‐Projector Display
Authors: Starkweather Gary K.
Published: January 2005

This paper describes a projection system using DLP projectors and parabolic mirrors to provide a 90 degree curved screen with a 4 to 1 aspect ratio. This display is intended to provide an “immersive” experience for the user and facilitate a very large canvas on which to utilize multiple applications or single ones requiring a large screen. The resulting display has a 3072 × 768 pixel display area. Furthermore, this display and replicas are being used to better understand how users interact with large, immersive displays. Currently, there are four units in use at Microsoft for various business and scientific purposes.
58.5L: Late‐News Paper: Engineering a Retinal Scanning Laser Display with Integrated Accommodative Depth Cues
Authors: Silverman Nicholas L. , Schowengerdt Brian T. , Kelly John P. , Seibel Eric J.
Published: January 2005

A deformable membrane mirror (DMM) dynamically varies image focus in a retinal scanning laser display. The display presents variable accommodation cues with the goal of matching the vergence cues generated by stereo images. This study examines the effects of the DMM on beam diameter and power at the exit pupil of the display.
42.2: Four Photolithography Process Amorphous‐Silicon Thin‐Film Transistor Array
Authors: Chen Pi‐Fu , Chen Jr‐Hong , Chen Dou‐I , Sung Hsixg‐Ju , Hwang June‐Wei , Lu I‐Min
Published: January 2005

The amorphous silicon thin film transistors (TFTs) with four‐photolithography process have been developed and studied. And a two‐step‐exposure (TSE) technology has been developed in application for process reduction. The result shows that a‐Si TFT with four‐photolithography process has great potential in mass production.
42.4: Novel Manufacturing Process of TFT‐LCD Featuring C/F on Array and Its Applications
Authors: Song Jean‐Ho , Kim S. G. , Nam H. W. , Roh S. G. , Lee J. H. , Sakong D. S. , Souk J. H.
Published: January 2005

We evaluated new manufacturing process featuring with integration of C/F and TFT Array, Rigid spacer as an assistant black matrix, and organic insulator for multi‐purpose of color filter protection and C/F via hole formation. By combining with conventional 5 mask TN mode of top pixel electrode architecture, we could develop novel manufacturing process for displaying performance enhancement and improved productivity. 15.0 inch‐XGA prototype panel with up to 80% of final aperture ratio and 25% increase of display brightness was fabricated.
10.1: Application of the New Panel Structure for High Luminous Efficiencyin AC‐PDPs
Authors: Kim Jae Sung , Jeon Chung Huan , Lee Eun Cheol , Ahn Young Joon , Kang Seok Dong , Ahn Sung Yong , Shin Young Kyo , Ryu Jae Hwa , Schemerhorn Jerry D.
Published: January 2005

A new PDP cell structure called CSP (Charge Storage Pad) improves the luminous efficiency by 1.6 times and prevents cross talk between adjacent cells. The CSP, which is a conducting material, is inserted between the dielectric layer and the MgO film in the front plate. This CSP produces a longer time‐averaged discharge path to get a high luminous efficiency and confines the discharge to prevent cross talk
44.3: Adjustable Transmission Coating For CRT Faceplate by Sputter Coating
Authors: Teng Y.‐M. , Tong H.‐S. , Hu C.‐M.
Published: January 2005

A three‐layer coating with adjustable transmission using reactive sputter coating of In‐Sn alloy and Si target is introduced in this paper. This technology is f4veloped to enhance the contrast of flat‐panel CDT by reducing the original transmission from 80% to as low as 48%. Computer simulation combining with Laboratory experimental results. were used to find an optimum condition between the reflectance, resistivity, and transmission. Basically, this optimum condition can be reached by properly controlling the thickness of each layer, the number of layers, and the order of layers coated from the bottom to the top.
46.3: Ultra‐flat ITO Films for Light Emitting Polymer Applications
Authors: Klöppel A. , Trube J. , Hoffmann U. , Burroughes J. H. , Heeks S. K. , Gunner A. , Ramshaw T.
Published: January 2005

The influence of process power, process pressure, discharge voltage and film thickness on electrical and morphological properties of low resistivity ITO films is presented. SEM images and AFM measurements show that flat ITO films for light emitting polymer applications with a RMS roughness of less than 1 nm can be prepared. The flat surface structure also improves the optical transmittance of ITO films being beneficial for light emitting polymer applications. The performance of light emitting polymer display devices using ultra‐flat ITO films is correlated to the ITO process variation.
48.2: Invited Paper: Ultra High Resolution TFT‐ LCDs and Their Technologies
Authors: Hayama H. , Kaneko S. , Kudoh Y. , Yamamoto Y.
Published: January 2005

Our consideration, developed technologies, and prototypes for ultra high resolution TFT‐LCDs are shown in this paper. The consideration and the technologies cover our topics on basic pixel structure, interconnection and TFT, aperture ratio, driving and interfacing.
48.4: Development of a 15‐inch UXGA Low‐Temperature Poly‐Si TFT‐LCD
Authors: Higuchi T. , Hanari J. , Nakamura N. , Mametsuka K. , Watanabe M. , Murai T. , Watanabe R. , Seiki M. , Azuma R. , Hori Y. , Nakamura K. , Aoki Y. , Sakurai H. , Nakazono T. , Harada N.
Published: January 2005

We have developed 15‐inch diagonal and UXGA resolution low‐temperature poly‐Si TFT‐LCD for the first time. We have developed a new dual‐drive technique to overcome the decrease of the charging period and the increase of time‐constant of bus‐lines. The TFT‐LCD has realized high display performance with photograph‐grade images.
49.2: Rotating‐Wheel Braille Display for Continuous Refreshable Braille
Authors: Roberts John , Slattery Oliver , Kardos David
Published: January 2005

Refreshable Braille provides a critical path to display accessibility. High cost and reliability issues severely limit the market for existing Braille displays. A novel wheel‐based design addresses reliability issues, and provides continuous Braille text with many‐fold reduction in cost.
49.3: H‐PDLC Color Separation Device for Image Capture Systems
Authors: Fiske Thomas G. , Silverstein Louis D. , Colegrove Jennifer , Yuan Haiji
Published: January 2005

A novel device for separation of color image components in image capture systems is described. The device is based upon temporal switching of HPDLC elements with tunable spectral passbands. The device may be operated as either a reflective RGB color separation mirror or a transmissive CMY color separation filter. A breadboard color image capture system using this device for color separation has been developed and tested as a proof of concept.
49.4: Ergonomic Wearable Personal Display
Authors: Bergstrom Neil , Chuang Chih‐Li , Curley Michael , Hildebrand Al , Li Zheng‐Wu
Published: January 2005

The inherently small size and efficiency of a liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) microdisplay magnified by compact, high quality optics has enabled the design of an ergonomic and even fashionable wearable display. This binocular, virtual display system provides a high resolution SVGA, full‐color image of excellent clarity and vivid saturation in comparison to TFT based displays.
10.4: Late‐News Paper: Stability of Positive‐Resistance Discharges for AC PDPs
Authors: Nagorny Vladimir , Drallos Paul , Weber Larry F.
Published: January 2005

We analyze a novel voltage‐ramp procedure which has recently been in the setup period prior to addressing for plasma displays. The ramping procedure allows lower voltages to be used in addressing, larger manufacturing tolerance and reduces light emission from the setup cycle, thus improving the dark room contrast
51.2: Invited Paper: Stability Study of Poly (9,9‐Dioctylfluorene) Film Using Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Liao L. S. , Fung M. K. , Lee C. S. , Lee S. T. , Inbasekaran M. , Woo E. P. , Wu W. W.
Published: January 2005

The effects of ambient storage, thermal annealing, and ion irradiation on the electronic structure of poly (9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (PFO) films were investigated using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was shown that PFO is a rather stable material used for light‐emitting devices.
51.3: Lasing in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals
Authors: Palffy‐Muhoray P. , Munoz A. , Taheri B. , Twieg R.
Published: January 2005

We have observed mirrorless lasing in dye‐doped and pure cholesteric liquid crystals. The periodic structure and large birefringence gives rise to photonic band‐gap behavior in these materials. We have studied the effects of this band‐gap structure on the fluorescence spectrum of dyes dissolved in the cholesteric liquid crystal as well as on the emission characteristics of the liquid crystal itself. Enhancement of fluorescence at the band edges, and, above a certain pump threshold, lasing both in dye‐doped and in pure liquid crystals was observed. Extremely low lasing thresholds and high efficiencies were obtained in dye‐doped systems. Experimental results suggest an active energy transfer mechanism between the LC host and the fluorescent dye molecules.
52.2: Invited Paper: Color Sequential LCD Based on OCB with an LED Backlight
Authors: Yamada Fumiaki , Nakamura Hajime , Sakaguchi Yoshitami , Taira Yoichi
Published: January 2005

We have fabricated a 13.3″ XGA (1024 by 768) TFT color sequential liquid crystal display using Optically Compensated Birefringency (OCB), illuminated by an LED backlight. We fabricated the color sequential display using mostly feasible process technology, and examined the performance and potential of a color field sequential scheme. The display was connected to a laptop computer and examined for flicker perception.
53.1: 2.6 inch HDTV Panel Using CG Silicon
Authors: Sakamoto Hiromi , Makita Naoki , Hijikigawa Masaya , Osame Mitsuaki , Tanada Yoshifumi , Yamazaki Shumpei
Published: January 2005

2.6 inch HDTV panel has been developed on the CORNINNG 1737 glass substrate using low temperature CG Silicon (Continuous Grain Silicon). This time we have fabricated TFTs using CG Silicon which uses crystallization with metal catalyst (Ni) and the process to remove this catalyst from channel regions by gettering below 550[°C].
4.2: High Brightness Red Emitting Ga2O3: Eu Electroluminescent Phosphor
Authors: Stodilka D. , Kitai A. H. , Huang Z. , Cook K.
Published: January 2005

We report the long‐term stability and improved brightness and efficiency of the brightest known non‐filtered EL phosphor Ga2O3: Eu. A high brightness of 840 cd/m2 is maintained for a single‐insulating device for over 2500 hours at 370V/650 Hz. We demonstrate the inherent stability of the rf sputtered device, and discuss its microstructural, spectral and electroluminescent properties.
53.4: Low Power Poly‐Si Reflective Color AMLCD with 1024 × 480 Pixels
Authors: Ichikawa Hiroaki , Kataoka Hideo , Oka Taketo , Iida Makio , Fujioka Takayuki , Ino Masumitsu
Published: January 2005

A 23cm‐diagonal, reflective color TFT‐LCD with 1024H × 480V pixels using low‐temperature poly‐Si TFT has been developed for mobile‐PC applications. The integrated selector switches require less area to implement drivers, which leads to a narrower edge‐frame of the LCD panel. The AC‐common driving significantly reduces power consumption to achieve low power dissipation of 0.7W
54.3: SXGA Non‐Glasses 3‐D Displays with New Image Splitter Head Tracking System
Authors: Hamagishi Goro , Sakata Masahiro , Yamashita Atsuhiro , Mashitani Ken , Inoue Masutaka
Published: January 2005

16″ and 18″ SXGA non‐glasses 3‐D displays are newly developed. Those displays are equipped with new head tracking system, consisting of electrically movable LC image splitter and CCD camera, which enlarges stereoscopic viewing area. Those displays are compatible with 2‐D images by eliminating the effect of image splitter electrically.
54.5: Holographic Screens for 3 Dimensional Image Projection
Authors: Son Jung‐Young , Bobrinev Vladimir I. , Lee Hyuk‐Soo , Choi Yong‐Jin , Kim Sung‐Sik
Published: January 2005

A full color transmission type holographic screen having a size of 40cm × 60cm are developed recently at Korea Institute of Science and Technology. This screen can be operated in reflection mode by adding a mirror at its back. This operation extends viewing angle of the screen to be more than 30degree. This wide viewing angle permits the screen to be operated in viewer tracking regime. By mosaicking the screens, a 120cm × 80cm screen is made. The mosaicked screen shows a good image performance.
55.1: Development of a CD‐ROM Interactive Information Display Tutorial: A Project in Display Education
Authors: Chmura S. M. , Crawford G. P.
Published: January 2005

An interactive program on flat panel displays is being developed as an educational resource for the display community. While it will introduce the scientific, mathematical, engineering, and human factors concepts that influence display design, it is intended to complement traditional training in the sciences and engineering for those entering the display field and to serve as a comprehensive resource for display engineers.
L‐3: Late‐News Paper: Active‐Controlled Diode Emitters with Thin‐Film Transistor and Carbon Nanotubes for FED Applications
Authors: Song Yoon‐Ho , Kim Do‐Hyung , Lee Sang‐Woo , Lee Sang‐Kyun , Jung Moon‐Youn , Kang Seung‐Youl , Cho Young Rae , Lee Jin Ho , Cho Kyoung Ik , Lee Cheol Jin
Published: January 2005

A new cathode technology of active‐controlled diode emitters with a‐Si high‐voltage TFTs and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is suggested for field emission displays (FEDs). The a‐Si TFT controlled electron emissions from the multiwall CNTs actively, resulting in great improvement in emission stability and the possibility of low voltage matrix‐addressable operations of diode type cathodes. This technology can provide a new breakthrough in FEDs.
L‐5: Late‐New Paper: ThinCRT™ Low Voltage Emitter Structure Allows Use of Low Voltage CMOS Display Drivers
Authors: Hogh C. P. , Hansen R. L.
Published: January 2005

Candescent's ThinCRT display technology development for mainstream flat panel display commercial markets has been driven by market economics and performance, i.e., low cost, high visual quality, and low power consumption. Scaling of field emission cathode emitter structures to sub‐micron dimensions has allowed utilization of CMOS low power driver devices to achieve high visual performance, low system cost, and low power consumption.
L‐7: Late‐News Paper: Solution of the Dark State Problem for High Contrast AFLCDs
Authors: D'havé K. , Rudquist P. , Lagerwall S. T. , Pauwels H. , Dabrowski R.
Published: January 2005

Despite more than ten years of R&D in antiferroelectric liquid crystal displays (AFLCDs), this very promising technology has not yet reached the market. The main reason for this is the bad dark state due to light leakage from imperfections of the LC alignment and from the pretransitional effect. We have found that both problems are eliminated by using AFLC materials with substantially 45° tilt angle in the surface stabilized AFLC geometry. The performance of conventional AFLCDs will be considerably enhanced with this kind of material, and furthermore, 45° AFLCs have a unique potential for both reflective mode and polarizer free displays.
11.3: Reflective Stacked Crossed Guest‐Host Display with a Planarized Inner Diffuser
Authors: Hasegawa M. , Hellermark C. , Nishikai A. , Taira Y. , Lowe A. C.
Published: January 2005

We describe a 320‐dpi, 4‐inch diagonal TFT driven stacked crossed guest‐host reflective display panel with a planarized diffuser inside the cell, fabricated by using a photopolymer process. This paper describes the structure and fabrication of the diffuser and the characteristics of the panel.
11.4: Modulation Techniques for Gray‐Scale Bistable Cholesteric Displays
Authors: Yip W. C. , Kwok H. S.
Published: January 2005

In a study of modulation techniques for gray‐scale cholesteric displays, we found that the reflectance depended on the addressing sequence of bipolar pulses. Pulses, which were composed of two different amplitudes and corresponded to high and low voltages about the quiescent point, were chosen. By a proper permutation of such pulses, gray‐scales could be obtained for the reflectance. Contrary to other modulation techniques, the rms voltage of the different sequences in this scheme could be the same. In this paper, we demonstrate this capability in a 5ms addressing time per line display, using the driving scheme we proposed previously.
12.2: A Low‐Power Data Driver for TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Sung Y. C. , Choi B. D. , Kwon O. K.
Published: January 2005

A data driver using the triple charge sharing method and an OP‐AMP with the low‐quiescent current have been proposed for low‐power TFT‐LCDs. The triple charge sharing method can reduce the AC power consumption of TFT‐LCDs to 1/3 of that of conventional ones. The measured quiescent current of the proposed OP‐AMP is 5 μA at VDD=5V.
12.3: A New Low‐Power TFT‐LCD Driver for Portable Devices
Authors: Tsuchi H. , Ikeda N. , Hayama H. , Kitamura K.
Published: January 2005

In this paper, we describe a new low‐power data‐line driver for TFT‐LCDs for portable devices. The driver contains newly‐developed output buffers with low static current in place of operational amplifiers in a conventional driver. The new driver test‐IC achieves about 85 % reduction in static current dissipation with a high output‐voltage‐resolution and a wide dynamic‐output‐range.
12.4: Developing a Digital Interface for the CRT Monitor
Authors: Steemers H. , DaCosta V. , Martin R. , Nguyen M. , Kim J. , Lee J.
Published: January 2005

The DVI (Digital Visual Interface) has been accepted as the standard for a digital interface between a PC and an LCD monitor, enabling higher performance at a lower cost. This interface is now being applied to the CRT monitor, offering benefits in performance, as well as providing new digital functionality. This paper will describe the DVI standard, discuss the architecture of the first digital CRT controller chip which has enabled this introduction of the digital CRT monitor, and discuss the benefits and new functionality this digital interface offers.
13.1: Effect of Scribing Wheel Dimensions on the Cutting of LCD Glass Substrate
Authors: Ono T.
Published: January 2005

The influence of the scribe wheel angle and diameter to the scribing and the breaking of LCD glass substrate, Code1737F, were experimentally investigated. A wheel having 130° tip angle and 4mm in diameter have shown the best results, allowing sheet separation at the lowest breaking force.
14.3: Study on Validity of Visual Performance and Comfort Test (ISO 9241‐3 Amendment) for LCD‐CRT Comparative Experiment Applied to Japanese Characters
Authors: Fukuzumi Shin'Ichi , Ikeda Koji
Published: January 2005

The validity of applying Japanese characters to a visual performance and comfort test (ISO9241‐3 Amendment) in conducting an LCD‐CRT comparative experiment was studied. The evaluation results from using Japanese characters were similar to those from using alphanumeric characters, while the experiment time was shorter. The test method is thus also valid for Japanese character displays.
14.5L: Late‐News Paper: An Alternative Characterization of the Tonal Reproduction Curve of a Display Device
Authors: D'Souza Henry , Bayramoglu Alp , Nott William
Published: January 2005

A comprehensive and practical method for more accurately characterizing and utilizing the tonal reproduction curve of a display device will be presented. Display specific data is measured on the assembly line, encoded into three numbers, and stored in EDID data space within each unit. When the display is connected to a computer, a software utility retrieves the data and designs an optimal Color Look up Table for the specific monitor. The basic philosophy and method will be presented, empirical data will be analyzed, and the feasibility will be evaluated.
15.1: A 0.9‐in UXGA/HDTV FLC Microdisplay
Authors: Akimoto Osamu , Hashimoto Shun‐ichi
Published: January 2005

A 0.9‐in high resolution reflective microdisplay with 2.3 million pixels (UXGA/HDTV) has been developed. By a newly‐designed pixel driver circuit and a novel grayscale technique, one‐panel full color display with high grayscale and no color break‐up was realized.
16.2: A New IC for Generating AC Power Supply for Column PDP Addressing
Authors: Mas C. , Troussel G. , Benoit E.
Published: January 2005

Some key factors for the addressing electronic of plasma display panels are the reduction of power consumption and the control of EMI emissions during driver switching. An usual solution to decrease the power dissipation is to use a AC power supply based on a L, C resonant approach. The STV7801S is the first IC that integrates all the components necessary to implement a resonant AC power supply to drive the columns of a PDP. This circuit is commonly named DPS for Data Power Switch. With an external inductance, the STV7801S circuit charges and discharges the PDP column capacitance to recover over 80% of the energy normally lost in driving the panel capacitance with DC power supply.
16.3: Ion‐Induced Secondary Electron Emission: A Comparative Study
Authors: van Elsbergen Volker , Bachmann Peter K. , Juestel Thomas
Published: January 2005

Ion‐induced secondary electron emission coefficients for Ne, Ar, and Xe discharges are reproducibly determined using V‐Q Lissajous figures. The comparison of measured and calculated Paschen curves results in ion‐induced γ‐coefficients for glass, MgO, CVD diamond, and phosphors. The measured γ‐values correlate well with a simple model based on the ionization energy of the gas ion and the band gap and electron affinity of the solid.
17.1: Invited Paper: Novel Uses of Organosiloxane Liquid Crystals
Authors: Coles Harry J.
Published: January 2005

In this paper, we will show how, using organosiloxane liquid crystals with the same chiral mesogen, we can generate (through a template effect) ferroelectric or antiferroelectric phases simply by controlling the length of the siloxy group. By partially fluorinating the aromatic rings or perfluorinating the terminal chains we generate extremely high spontaneous polarisation materials with very broad temperature ranges. By controlling the cross‐section of the mesogen in relation to that of the organosiloxane moiety we can select the tilt angle at will. Materials have been synthesised and studied that exhibit tilt angles of 45° in the antiferroelectric phase over 60°C wide temperature ranges and this makes them ideal for many AF device applications. Response times of 10 to 100μs were recorded in moderate fields (≤ 10V/μm) and for Ps ∼ 10–100 nC/cm2 and the materials gave excellent bi‐ or tri‐stability. This molecular control of the bulk electro‐optic properties leads to a new range of materials suitable for both birefringence and dye guest host devices. We have applied these principles to a number of asymmetric organosiloxane liquid crystals in which the dichroic and fluorescent dye moieties form part of the mesogen and give extremely high solubility. By using these materials we have been able to generate both bistable digital and analogue devices with switching properties independent of temperature over a wide temperature range.
LP‐1: Late‐News Poster: The DepthCube™ Solid‐state Multi‐planar Volumetric Display
Authors: Sullivan Alan
Published: January 2005

The DepthCube™ 3D display is a solid‐state multi‐planar volumetric display system in which a DLP based high speed projector projects slices of the 3D scene onto a stack of LC scattering shutters acting as an electronically controlled projection volume. The scattering shutters are based on Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Texture material. Highly continuous appearing 3D images are obtained through multi‐planar anti‐aliasing.
19.4: Low Temperature PECVD a‐Si:H TFT for Plastic Substrates
Authors: He Shusheng , Nishiki Hirohiko , Hartzell John , Nakata Yukihiko
Published: January 2005

Using a suitable dilution process at PECVD improves quality of gate nitride and a‐Si:H channel at low temperature. By using suitable Ar dilution in gate nitride and H2 dilution in a‐Si:H channel, the low temperature a‐Si:H TFTs have not only similar channel mobility and threshold voltage, but also similar stress induced threshold voltage shift as usual a‐Si:H TFTs.
21.2: Invited Paper: Recent Progress in CRT Projection Display
Authors: Watanabe Toshimitsu , Kabuto Nobuaki , Hirata Koji , Aoki Kotaro
Published: January 2005

Recently, various projection display systems with projection optics have been developed and introduced. Among these systems, CRT projection displays seem to have better performance for large area displays for home use from the viewpoint of resolution, brightness and smoothness for fast moving pictures. In addition, CRT projection displays will provide excellent picture quality for ongoing and upcoming digital broadcasting. This paper updates the latest development and discusses advantages and disadvantages of CRT based projection displays.
21.3: D‐ILA™ Technology for Electronic Cinema
Authors: Sterling R. D. , Bleha W. P.
Published: January 2005

The D‐ILA™ is a reflective mode liquid crystal active matrix image modulator utilizing a single crystal CMOS backplane (LCOS). Projectors utilizing the D‐ILA have been developed for applications from home theatre to auditoriums. Advancements in D‐ILA technology lead to new projectors to meet the requirements of electronic cinema. This paper will review D‐ILA technology and the application to an electronic cinema projector.
22.1: Invited Paper: High‐Luminance Carbon Nanotube FED
Authors: Uemura Sashiro , Yotani Junko , Nagasako Takeshi , Saito Yahachi , Yumura Motoo
Published: January 2005

An excellent performance of carbon‐nanotubes as field‐emitters was demonstrated using a high‐voltage FED elements at SID in 1998 where a light‐source tube for outdoor large size display and diode type flat panel were presented with the screen printed nanotube cathode.

After that, a triode type paper which describes an x‐y addressable high‐luminance FED panel was introduced at IDRC in 1999. The experimental panel was performed ca.7×105 cd/m2 green light at 6kV, ca.1mA/cm2 dc‐driving condition.[2]

The results show the excellent performance of carbon nanotube FED as flat panel displays which are applicable to large size TV devices. This panel will be not only suitable for future TV display but also light‐sources for field sequential color LCDs.
22.2: The First 9‐inch Carbon‐Nanotube Based Field‐Emission Displays for Large Area and Color Applications
Authors: Choi W. B. , Lee N. S. , Yi W. K. , Jin Y. W. , Choi Y. S. , Han I. T. , Chung D. S. , Kim H. Y. , Kang J. H. , Lee Y. J. , Yun M. J. , Park S. H. , Yu S. , Jang J. E. , You J. H. , Kim J. M.
Published: January 2005

The first 9‐inch carbon nanotube based color field emission displays (FEDs) are integrated using a paste squeeze technique. The panel is composed of 576 × 242 lines with implementation of low voltage phosphors. The uniform and moving images are achieved only at 2 V/μm. This demonstrates a turning point of nanotube for large area and full color applications.
22.3: A Reflective‐Type Carbon Nanotube Field Emission Display
Authors: Chuang Feng‐Yu , Lee Cheng‐Chung , Lin Jyung‐Dong , Liao Jane‐Hway , Cheng Hua‐Chi , Han Cheng‐Xian , Kwo Jon‐Lian , Wang Wen‐Chun
Published: January 2005

A 3.5‐inch, 60×120 pixels, reflective‐type carbon nanotube emitter field‐emission display has been fabricated by thick‐film process. A seven‐segment numerical indicator showing digit image was also demonstrated using opposed diode structure as comparison. The technical development, including design and fabrication of the nanotube emitters, phosphor, and vacuum package process was described.
24.1: Fingerprint Scanner Using a‐Si: H TFT‐Array
Authors: Kim Jeong Hyun , Lee Jae Kyun , Chang Youn Gyoung , Moon Beom Jin
Published: January 2005

Two‐dimensional contact type fingerprint scanner with a resolution of 300 dpi (84 μm dot pitch) were fabricated for the fingerprint recognition. This sensor array consists of three parts; a sensor thin film transistor (TFT), storage capacitor and switch TFT. High quality of captured fingerprint image was obtained through the a‐Si:H TFT‐array with a high photo to dark current ratio of above 3 order of sensor TFT.
24.4: Investigation of Hot Carrier Degradation Due to AC Stress in Low Temperature Poly‐Si TFTs
Authors: Inoue Satoshi , Kimura Mutsumi , Shimoda Tatsuya
Published: January 2005

We investigated the hot carrier degradation due to AC stress in low temperature poly‐Si TFTs. The degradation due to the AC stress is larger compared with that due to DC stress. We found that the pulse‐number in AC stress dominated this degradation.
25.1: Invited Paper: High Volume Microdisplay Manufacturing
Authors: Derrington Carl E. , Smith Peter A. , Stauss Henning C.
Published: January 2005

The high volume delivery of microdisplays to the marketplace requires that a series of unique manufacturing and operational challenges be addressed. Microdisplay manufacturing operations are the result of the intersection liquid crystal display and semiconductor fabrication techniques. Using the perspective of LCD and semiconductor businesses, the compromises in the microdisplay manufacturing and operational process development will be focused. Specifically, the manufacturing concepts of wafer‐level versus die‐level processing, cell designs, test strategies and the role of custom capital equipment will be highlighted. The results of these conceptual decisions will be aggregated to illustrate a potential manufacturing infrastructure that could result for the microdisplay industry.
26.1:Invited Paper: Visual Artifacts Generated in Frame‐Sequential Display Devices: An Overview
Authors: Mikoshiba Shigeo
Published: January 2005

Many display devices including color PDPs, DMDs, ferroelectric LCDs, and ELs express gray levels by accumulating pictures of multiple sub‐frames with the aid of retinal after‐image effect. Additionally, some of these devices use frame‐sequential color‐multiplexed backlights. When the observer's eye sweeps across the screen, unexpected visual artifacts, e.g. false contours and color breakup may be produced. These artifacts will be quantified, and methods of reducing them will be introduced.
6.1: Invited Paper: Digital PV Link for a Next‐Generation Video Interface, and Its System Architecture
Authors: Mamiya Johji , Yamauchi Kazushi , Tomooka Takatoshi , Ohara Moriyoshi , Futami Toshio , Kasai Naruhiko , Horino Shinji , Inoue Akihiko , Sato Yuji , Okazaki Atsurou
Published: January 2005

This paper describes a high‐level protocol with a packet format for video data. It not only improves data transmission, but also enhances system performance by enabling various kinds of data handling at different processing locations. From the viewpoint of the system architecture, this protocol makes it possible to mix various types of system such as PCs and other electronic devices with high‐performance video data processing hardware. The functions of this protocol and its performance are explained with the compatibility of both software and hardware.
26.3: Evaluation of Motional Artifacts on PDPs Appearing with Arbitrary Motion of Observation Points
Authors: Sawa K. , Shiga T. , Mikoshiba S. , Ohe T. , Toda K. , Ueda T. , Kariya K.
Published: January 2005

An evaluation technique is introduced for artifacts appearing on PDP images when the eye of an observer does not follow the motion of the images. The motional artifacts are serious especially when the eye moves arbitrarily. Dividing the light‐emission periods of sub‐fields into smaller blocks, and adding equalizing pulses to the original signal are effective in reducing the disturbances.
29.1: Invited Paper: Optimal Alignment Materials and Technologies for Various LCDs
Authors: Fukuro H. , Sawahata K. , Sato T. , Endo H.
Published: January 2005

Polyimide alignment materials for various LCDs have been developed, and these materials have been widely using for recent LCD mass productions. Depending on the type of LCD, such as STN, TN‐TFT and other new LCDs, optimal structure and formulation of the polyimide is required. New compound as a polyimide monomer and its hybrid technology for the high performance alignment materials will be discussed.
29.4: Homeotropic Alignment by Single Oblique Evaporation of SiO2 and Its Application to High Resolution Microdisplays
Authors: Lu Minhua , Yang K. H. , Nakasogi T. , Chey S. J.
Published: January 2005

We have discovered that single evaporation of SiO2 can align liquid crytstal either homogeneously or homeotropically depending on the dielectric anisotropy of liquid crystal being positive or negative, respectively. Van der Waals potential taking into account the anisotropy of LC polarizabilities have been used to explain the alignment mechanism The order electricity model proposed by Monkade and Barbero et al. have been extended to qualitatively explain the generation of the pretilt angles. The observed surface morphology of the evaporated SiO2 layer as revealed by the AFM and SEM images is consistent in support of the alignment model. We have applied our alignment method to fabricate a tilted homeotropic microdisplay with a resolution of 1024 by 1280. Its electro‐optical properties are also reported.
30.1: Invited Paper: 24‐Inch Wide UXGA TFT‐LCD for HDTV Application
Authors: Souk Jun H. , Kim J. S.
Published: January 2005

A 24‐inch wide screen format TFT‐LCD with a resolution of 1920×1200 has been developed for high end monitor and HDTV application. This high‐resolution display integrated with a novel wide viewing angle technology demonstrates itself as an ideal display for HDTV and multi‐task monitor supported by its larger screen size and panel characteristics. In this paper, we present the system configuration, fabrication and characteristics of the panel. Also we propose new application areas for this high performance, high information content LCD monitor.
30.2: Guiding Principles for High Quality Motion Picture in AMLCDs Applicable to TV Monitors
Authors: Yamamoto T. , Aono Y. , Tsumura M.
Published: January 2005

Motion picture quality in AMLCDs is examined using a newly developed time‐based‐image integration measurement system. Effects of LC response time, hold‐type characteristics, and pixel capacitance (Clc) response time on the deterioration of picture quality are evaluated. For realization of TV application, both a double‐speed driving method (frame frequency of 120 Hz) and a pixel design rule of Clc << Cstg (storage capacitance) of the present fast LC response AMLCDs should be adopted.
6.3: A Compact LCD Driver and Timing Controller System
Authors: Kim Eun Gu , Martin Russel
Published: January 2005

This paper describes a new architecture for the control and drive electronics of a liquid crystal panel. An innovative interface between the timing controller and the column drivers solves the problem of extending designs to higher resolutions and larger displays while maintaining compact circuit boards. Three serial data lines per chip replace the conventional parallel data bus for the column data. Within the column driver, a set of six digital to analog converters, DACs, combined with sample and holds for each output, replace the conventional single DAC per output. This provides a highly compact driver chip.
31.1: Invited Paper: 60‐in. Full‐Color AC Plasma Display Panel with 1365 × 768
Authors: Park Myung Ho
Published: January 2005

LGE developed and demonstrated a 60‐inch AC Plasma Display panel with 1365×768. This is the first 60‐inch full color AC PDP in the world. The Sol‐gel method for MgO layer, Green sheet for dielectric layer, and photolithography for electrodes and phosphor layer have been used to fabricate a 60 inch panel. Selective Erase driving scheme was employed to display color images. Its luminance is about 550 cd/m2 and contrast ratio is 500:1.
31.2: Fabrication of 165 μm Pitched PDP Back Panel Based on LTCC‐M Technology
Authors: Park Y. H. , Cho C. R. , Kim I. T. , Lee M. W. , Hwang K. T. , Yu J. D. , Mun J. D. , Kong S. S. , Kim B. K. , Sreeram A. N. , Palit K. , Liberatore M. , Tormey E. , Hozer L. , Prabhu A.
Published: January 2005

Orion Electric Co. has developed an XGA resolution, 165 μm pitch 25″ Plasma Display Back Panel by combining the process and cost benefits of the LTCC‐M (Low Temperature Co‐fired Ceramic on Metal) substrate technology with a high‐resolution one‐step “Barrier Embossing” technique. Tensile tests on green sheets were conducted and the effects of green sheet mechanical properties on embossed barrier height were investigated. LTCCM back panels (8″) were sealed to sodalime glass front panels and the assembled parts were successfully evacuated to 10−7 torr without cracks on the glass side.
31.3: Development of a 40″ LTCC‐M PDP
Authors: Jang W. S. , Kim J. S. , Park D. H. , Park M. H.
Published: January 2005

In the year 1999 we proposed a breakthrough technology for making Plasma display back panel so called LTCC‐M (Low Temperature Co‐fired Ceramic on Metal) PDP 1. In this paper we present the evaluation results of 40″ LTCC‐M PDP. We have developed a 40″ LTCC‐M plasma display back panel and succeeded in fabricating LTCC‐M PDP module. We verified that LTCC‐M back panel can replace the conventional glass back panel providing many advantages
31.4: Ground Barrier Rib Plates for PALC and PDP
Authors: Kaelber T. , Walther M. , Vos M. , Julius P. , Pallhorn S. , Kessler T. , Buzak T. S. , Ilcisin K. J. , Hinchliffe R. D.
Published: January 2005

Grinding technology is able to produce excellent barrier rib shapes (square ribs of small width) enabling a large discharge cell and an excellent optical contrast. It makes low cost production possible and achieves the high resolutions necessary for HDTV PDP. Measurement data and pictures of barrier ribs will be presented and discussed together with the grinding process employed.
P‐2: Re‐Crystallized Metal‐Induced Laterally Crystallized Polycrystalline Silicon for System‐on‐Panel Applications
Authors: Meng Zhiguo , Wang Mingxiang , Kwok Hoi S. , Wong Man
Published: January 2005

Metal‐induced lateral crystallization (MILC) has been promoted as an enabling polycrystalline silicon (poly‐Si) technology for system‐on‐panel (SOP) applications. It is reported presently that the recrystallization of MILC poly‐Si leads to significant improvement in material characteristics and device performance. Re‐crystallized metal‐induced unilaterally crystallized (RC‐MIUC) poly‐Si thin film transistors exhibit high mobility, low threshold voltage, steep sub‐threshold slope and low gate‐induced drain‐leakage, thus making them applicable to realizing high performance 3‐dimensional integrated circuits and SOPs.
P‐3: The Effect of a Laser Annealing Ambient on the Morphology and TFT Performance of Poly‐Si Films
Authors: Suga Katsuyuki , Chida Mitsuru , Mishima Yasuyoshi , Hara Akito , Sasaki Nobuo
Published: January 2005

We have examined the effect of a laser annealing ambient on the morphology and TFT performance of poly‐Si films. Oxygen in the ambient prevents the relaxation of surface roughness because of a thin oxide formed on the poly‐Si surface during laser irradiation. Poly‐Si films that crystallize in air (oxygen ambient) have larger gains, higher mobility, and rougher surfaces than films crystallized in a vacuum. To reduce this surface roughness, the surface oxide that formed during laser irradiation in air was removed and poly‐Si films were irradiated by the excimer laser in a vacuum again. The surface roughness drastically decreased from 13 nm to 1 nm while the grain size remained the same.
P‐9: Ray Tracing Tool for Developing LCD‐Backlights
Authors: Gebauer M. , Benoit P. , Knoll P. , Neiger M.
Published: January 2005

We developed an efficient lightpipe model for a ray tracing programm which can compute the radiation distribution for LCD‐backlights close to the reality. The lightpipe model includes the light source (CCFL), all optical properties and all geometrical properties. With this model we developed a new backlight for a 11″ display.
P‐11: A Comparison of Workstation Dimensions and Body Postures Between 17 in. CRT, 21 in. CRT, and 19 in. Flat‐Panel Monitors
Authors: Walline Erin Kurusz , Moore J. Steven
Published: January 2005

This study investigated the effects of monitor size (17″ CRT, 21″ CRT, 19″ FP), viewing angle (0°, 10°, 20°) and viewing distance (30″ 37″) on screen readability and blink rate. Subjects worked in both constrained and freely adjusted postures.
LP‐2: Late‐News Poster: Home Base‐Shaped Inner Magnetic Shield
Authors: Murai Ryuichi , Iwamoto Hirosi , Hatta Shin‐ichiro , Kawasaki Masaki , Nakadera Shigeo
Published: January 2005

An inner magnetic shield, which substantially improves the terrestrial magnetic characteristic, was developed for a CRT with a tensioned shadow mask. We proved that (1) the shape of the inner magnetic shield, (2) the joint resistance of each component, and (3) the material and tension of shadow mask all contributed to the magnetic characteristic. Based on our research, a ‘home base’‐shaped inner magnetic shield was developed and the performance was improved and nearly equivalent conventional CRT with a press mask.
P‐15: An Efficient Liquid Crystal Display Driving Scheme Using Orthogonal Block‐Circulant Matrix
Authors: Yeung Steve W. L. , Lee Richard C. H.
Published: January 2005

In this paper, orthogonal block‐circulant (OBC) matrices are identified, which result in efficient implementation of the Multi‐Line Addressing (MLA) and the Active Addressing schemes. The row driving waveforms are time‐shifted versions of each other, thus reducing the hardware complexity.
P‐21: Novel Interconnect Technology for Microdisplays
Authors: Gronauer Volker , Schricker Ulrich , Cockey Scott
Published: January 2005

Challenges for companies engaged in the business of manufacturing microdisplays include the lack of flexible, low cost, high throughput interconnect solutions. The successful resolution of this will be explored and key areas of concern will be addressed with the introduction of a new fine‐pitch, variable length/width wirebondable cable.
7.1: TFT LCD Investment in Taiwan
Authors: Chen H. B.
Published: January 2005

Taiwan's TFT‐LCD industry, which has been growing rapidly since 1997, is recognized as another blooming high tech business after semiconductor industry. In the next two to three years, Taiwan will soon become one of the three major players, two of which are Japan and Korea. However, some key components supply industries, engineering resources and in‐house capability for advanced process and product technologies are tree constraints for the growth of the Taiwan's TFT‐LCD industry.
P‐27: Increasing the Field of View of an Electronic Imaging System Using Variable Addressibility
Authors: Kubala Kenny , Hooker R. Brian
Published: January 2005

An electronic imaging system has been developed and fabricated that radially re‐maps the pixels of a miniature display to match the varying acuity of the eye across its field of view. This system is designed to increase the field of view of an electronic viewing system without any apparent loss in image quality.
P‐28: Color Field Sequential LCD Using an OCB‐TFT‐LCD
Authors: Koma Norio , Miyashita Tetsuya , Uchida Tatsuo , Mitani Nobuhiro
Published: January 2005

Lately a color field sequential LCD is widely noticed because it requires no micro‐color‐filter. To realize the color field sequential LCD in the direct view type, we adopted an OCB mode which can be obtained fast response and uniform alignment in large area, and a low‐temperature p‐Si TFT which can be possible scanning high speed and fabrication large size. Further, we optimize the driving method, and obtain good display condition in a trial‐fabrication of 4 inches size color field sequential LCD.
P‐34: Cu Doping of Atomic Layer Epitaxy SrS via a Rapid Thermal Anneal Process
Authors: Baukol B. A. , Wager J. F. , Moehnke S.
Published: January 2005

A process for Cu doping of atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) deposited SrS for thin‐film electroluminescent devices is presented. The process involves the evaporation of dopant‐containing material onto undoped ALE SrS thin films and rapid thermal annealing of the films. Green SrS:Cu, Na, greenish‐blue SrS: Cu, Cl, and blue SrS: Cu, Ag, Cl phosphors are prepared using this processing methodology.
P‐35: Nano‐Sized Spherical Zinc Silicate Phosphors by Homogeneous Precipitation Method
Authors: Jung Ha‐Kyun , Sohn Kee‐Sun , Sung Bu Young , Park Hee Dong
Published: January 2005

Manganese doped Zn2SiO4 phosphors a well known as a green emitting material were prepared by the homogeneous precipitation method, and their photoluminescence properties under VUV excitation were investigated. Zn2SiO4:Mn phosphors synthesized by this method has exhibited a high luminance of property and a nano‐sized spherical shape of particles. In particular, the green emission intensity of Zn2SiO4:0.02Mn synthesized was much higher than that of the commercial zinc silicate phosphor, while there was a need to improve decay property. However, the silica‐excess zinc silicate phosphor containing 6% Mn has given a substantial influence, which is a conservation of the high emission intensity and a reduction of the decay time, in comparison to Zn2SiO4:0.02Mn composition.
P‐36: Investigation of Luminescence in Bi‐Doped YNbO4 Phosphor
Authors: Chang Hyunju , Lee Seung Kwon , Park Hee Dong , Han Cheong‐Hwa
Published: January 2005

The luminescence behaviors of YNbO4 and YnbO4:Bi were investigated under UV and low voltage electron excitations and interpreted with the first‐principle calculations. The optimization of the cathodoluminescent properties was studied with control of Bi amounts and Y/Nb ratios. It was revealed that the luminance of YNbO4:Bi phosphors depends on the calcining conditions, Bi content, and particularly on the Y/Nb ratio. From our calculations and UV spectra, we were able to separate host contribution and Bi contribution and found that the shift in emission peak to longer wavelength is mainly due to Bi contribution.
P‐37: Field Emission from Carbon Nanotubes Grown by Layer‐by‐layer Deposition Method Using Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Chung Suk Jae , Lim Sung Hoon , Jang Jin
Published: January 2005

We developed a noble carbon nanotube (CNT) deposition method using a layer‐by‐layer technique, in which the deposition of a thin layer CNT and a CF4 plasma exposure on its surface were carried out alternatively. Owing to the difference in the etch rate between amorphous carbon, graphite and CNTs by CF4 plasma, we can selectively etch away the unwanted amorphous carbon and graphite phases from the CNTs. The new CNTs deposited on glass substrate exhibited a turn‐on field of 1.2 V/μm.
P‐38: Field Emission Display Devices Containing a Novel Graphite Cathode Prepared by a Screen Printing Process
Authors: Choi Kwi Seok , Lee Sang Jin , Kim Jae Myung , Kim Chang Wook , Nam Joong Woo , Cha Jae Cheol , Do Young Rag , Yang Hong Geun , Kim Jong Min
Published: January 2005

The new flat‐panel display device was developed by using a thick film graphite powder as a cathode material. The simple screen printing process was performed to fabricate Planar Emitter Display (PED) devices. The basic structure of PED is of the diode type. The electrical and optical characteristics of PED were investigated to ascertain their suitability for application in display devices.