bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As espécies de ephemeroptera (insecta) registradas para o Brasil
Authors: Salles Frederico Falcão , Da-Silva Elidiomar Ribeiro , Hubbard Michael D. , Serrão José Eduardo
Published: June 2013

(As espécies de Ephemeroptera (Insecta) registradas para o Brasil). Uma lista da fauna de Ephemeroptera do Brasil, com todas as espécies, gêneros e famílias registrados para o país é apresentada, incluindo os estados para os quais as espécies estão reportadas assim como a bibliografia pertinente. Comentários acerca do estado atual do conhecimento da fauna brasileira também são tecidos. Até o presente momento 10 famílias, 63 gêneros e 166 espécies estão registrados. As famílias Baetidae e Leptophlebiidae compreendem mais de 50% de todos os registros, enquanto as regiões Norte e Sudeste são significativamente melhor estudadas que as demais.
Transferência cultural e tradução na internet
Authors: Reichmann Tinka
Published: June 2013

Este artigo analisa alguns aspectos da transferência cultural e da tradução na Internet. Através de exemplos que mostram a complexidade do trabalho de tradução de hipertextos, discute-se as exigências específicas relativas à tradução de hipertextos
Correspondência idiomática intra e interlínguas
Authors: Riva Huélinton Cassiano , Rios Tatiana Helena Carvalho
Published: June 2013

Este artigo aborda a questão da equivalência na tradução de expressões idiomáticas para a lexicografia bilíngüe. Considerase que a fim de se alcançar uma equivalência idiomática o significado da palavra não é fixo nem estável e que se faz necessária uma pesquisa detalhada em vários dicionários bem como junto a informantes nativos.
Thelypteris subg. Goniopteris e Meniscium (Thelypteridaceae) da Estação Ecológica do Panga, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Arantes Adriana Assis , Ranal Marli Aparecida , Prado Jefferson
Published: June 2013

O presente trabalho apresenta o tratamento taxonômico para as espécies de Thelypteris pertencentes aos subgêneros Goniopteris e Meniscium que ocorrem na Estação Ecológica do Panga. A família mostrou-se uma das mais representativas da pteridoflora local, com 14 espécies de Thelypteris segregadas em quatro subgêneros (Amauropelta, Cyclosorus, Goniopteris e Meniscium). Na área de estudo, o subgênero Goniopteris está representado por duas espécies, Thelypteris biformata (Rosenst.) R.M. Tryon e T. jamesonii (Hook.) R.M. Tryon, e Meniscium por três espécies, T. chrysodioides (Fée) C.V. Morton var. goyazensis (Maxon & C.V. Morton) C.V. Morton, T. salzmannii (Fée) C.V. Morton e T. serrata (Cav.) Alston. São apresentadas descrições e chaves para identificação das espécies, bem como suas distribuições geográficas e ilustrações.
Effect of anisotropy in ground movements caused by tunnelling
Authors: ZYMNIS D.M. , CHATZIGIANNELIS I. , WHITTLE A.J.
Published: June 2013

This paper presents closed-form analytical solutions for estimating far-field ground deformations caused by shallow tunnelling in a linear elastic soil mass with cross-anisotropic stiffness properties. The solutions describe two-dimensional ground deformations for uniform convergence (uε) and ovalisation (uδ) modes of a circular tunnel cavity, based on the complex formulation of planar elasticity and superposition of fundamental singularity solutions. The analyses are used to interpret measurements of ground deformations caused by open-face shield construction of a Jubilee Line Extension (JLE) tunnel in London Clay at a well-instrumented site in St James's Park. Anisotropic stiffness parameters are estimated from hollow-cylinder tests on intact block samples of London Clay (from the Heathrow Airport Terminal 5 project), and the selection of the two input parameters is based on a least-squares optimisation using measurements of ground deformations. The results show consistent agreement with the measured distributions of surface and subsurface, vertical and horizontal displacement components, and anisotropic stiffness properties appear to have little effect on the pattern of ground movements. The results provide an interesting counterpoint to prior studies using finite-element analyses that have reported difficulties in predicting the distribution of ground movements for the instrumented section of the JLE tunnel.
Changes in algal community structure via density‐ and trait‐mediated indirect interactions in a marine ecosystem
Authors: Wada Yoko , Iwasaki Keiji , Yusa Yoichi
Published: June 2013

In various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, predators affect resources indirectly via intermediate prey. Such indirect interactions involve reducing the density of the prey (density‐mediated indirect interactions, DMIIs) or changing the behavioral, morphological, or life history traits of the prey (trait‐mediated indirect interactions, TMIIs). Although the importance of TMIIs has been highlighted recently, the strengths of both DMIIs and TMIIs under natural conditions have rarely been evaluated, especially in the context of resource community structure. We studied a three‐level marine food chain involving the carnivorous snail Thais clavigera, its limpet prey Siphonaria sirius, and the limpet's food sources, the algae Lithoderma sp. and Ulva sp. We measured the strengths of DMIIs and TMIIs and observed how the algal community changes under the pressure of natural predation by T. clavigera on S. sirius. Neither DMIIs nor TMIIs affected the total algal cover or chlorophyll content per unit area. However, both types of indirect interactions caused similar changes in algal composition by increasing the cover of Ulva and decreasing the cover of Lithoderma. This change in the algal community was caused by a reduction in the limpet's preferential consumption of the competitively dominant Ulva over Lithoderma. These results suggest that both DMIIs and TMIIs have similar effects on the changes in resource community structure under natural conditions.
Assessing the quality of life history information in publicly available databases
Authors: Thorson James T. , Cope Jason M. , Patrick Wesley S.
Published: June 2013

Single‐species life history parameters are central to ecological research and management, including the fields of macro‐ecology, fisheries science, and ecosystem modeling. However, there has been little independent evaluation of the precision and accuracy of the life history values in global and publicly available databases. We therefore develop a novel method based on a Bayesian errors‐in‐variables model that compares database entries with estimates from local experts, and we illustrate this process by assessing the accuracy and precision of entries in FishBase, one of the largest and oldest life history databases. This model distinguishes biases among seven life history parameters, two types of information available in FishBase (i.e., published values and those estimated from other parameters), and two taxa (i.e., bony and cartilaginous fishes) relative to values from regional experts in the United States, while accounting for additional variance caused by sex‐ and region‐specific life history traits. For published values in FishBase, the model identifies a small positive bias in natural mortality and negative bias in maximum age, perhaps caused by unacknowledged mortality caused by fishing. For life history values calculated by FishBase, the model identified large and inconsistent biases. The model also demonstrates greatest precision for body size parameters, decreased precision for values derived from geographically distant populations, and greatest between‐sex differences in age at maturity. We recommend that our bias and precision estimates be used in future errors‐in‐variables models as a prior on measurement errors. This approach is broadly applicable to global databases of life history traits and, if used, will encourage further development and improvements in these databases.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of turbulent natural convection in tall enclosures
Authors: Sajjadi Hasan , Kefayati Reza
Published: June 2013

In this paper Lattice Boltzmann simulation of turbulent natural convection
with large-eddy simulations (LES) in tall enclosures which is filled by air
with Pr=0.71 has been studied. Calculations were performed for high Rayleigh
numbers (Ra=107-109) and aspect ratios change between 0.5 to 2 (0.5<AR<2).
The present results are validated by finds of an experimental research at
Ra=1.58x109. Effects of the aspect ratios in different Rayleigh numbers are
displayed on streamlines, isotherm counters, vertical velocity and
temperature at the middle of the cavity, local Nusselt number and average
Nusselt number. The average Nusselt number increases with the augmentation
of Rayleigh numbers. The increment of the aspect ratio causes heat transfer
to decline in different Rayleigh numbers.
Redistribution of mass from a thin interlayer between two thick dissimilar media: 1-D diffusion problem with a non-local condition
Authors: Hristov Jordan
Published: June 2013

Diffusion problem with a specification of considering liquid redistribution
from a thin interlayer between two semi-infinite media in contact is
developed. The basic approach involves an integral approach defining finite
depths of penetration of the diffusant into the media and fractional
half-time derivative of the boundary (at the interface) concentration. The
approach is straightforward and avoids cumbersome calculations based on the
idea to develop entire domain (for each of the contacting bodies) solutions.
The results are compared to classical solutions, when they exist.
Reconstructive schemes for variational iteration method within Yang-Laplace transform with application to fractal heat conduction problem
Authors: Liu Chun-Feng , Kong Shan-Shan , Yuan Shu-Juan
Published: June 2013

A reconstructive scheme for variational iteration method using the
Yang-Laplace transform is proposed and developed with the Yang-Laplace
transform. The identification of fractal Lagrange multiplier is investigated
by the Yang-Laplace transform. The method is exemplified by a fractal heat
conduction equation with local fractional derivative. The results developed
are valid for a compact solution domain with high accuracy.
Copeptin, a Surrogate Marker for Arginine Vasopressin, Is Associated With Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (ZODIAC-31)
Authors: Riphagen Ineke J. , Boertien Wendy E. , Alkhalaf Alaa , Kleefstra Nanne , Gansevoort Ron T. , Groenier Klaas H. , van Hateren Kornelis J.J. , Struck Joachim , Navis Gerjan , Bilo Henk J.G. , Bakker Stephan J.L.
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVE

Copeptin, a surrogate marker for arginine vasopressin, has been associated with cardiovascular (CV) events and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by end-stage renal disease or acute myocardial infarction. For stable outpatients, these associations are unknown. Our aim was to investigate whether copeptin is associated with CV and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes treated in primary care.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Patients with type 2 diabetes participating in the observational Zwolle Outpatient Diabetes Project Integrating Available Care (ZODIAC) study were included. Cox regression analyses with age as time scale were used to assess the relationship of baseline copeptin with CV and all-cause mortality.

RESULTS

We included 1,195 patients (age 67 ± 12 years, 44% male). Median baseline copeptin concentration was 5.4 (interquartile range [IQR] 3.1–9.6) pmol/L. After a median follow-up of 5.9 (IQR 3.2–10.1) years, 345 patients died (29%), with 148 CV deaths (12%). Log2 copeptin was associated with CV (hazard ratio 1.17 [95% CI 0.99–1.39]; P = 0.068) and all-cause mortality (1.22 [1.09–1.36]; P = 0.001) after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, smoking, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol to HDL ratio, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, treatment with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, history of CV diseases, log serum creatinine, and log albumin to creatinine ratio; however, copeptin did not substantially improve risk prediction for CV (integrated discrimination improvement 0.14% [IQR −0.27 to 0.55%]) and all-cause mortality (0.77% [0.17–1.37%]) beyond currently used clinical markers.

CONCLUSIONS

We found copeptin to be associated with CV and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes treated in primary care. Intervention studies should show whether the high CV risk in type 2 diabetes can be reduced by suppression of vasopressin, for example by reducing salt intake.
Aldosterone, C-Reactive Protein, and Plasma B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Are Associated With the Development of Metabolic Syndrome and Longitudinal Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Components
Authors: Musani Solomon K. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Bidulescu Aurelian , Liu Jiankang , Xanthakis Vanessa , Sims Mario , Gawalapu Ravi K. , Samdarshi Tandaw E. , Steffes Michael , Taylor Herman A. , Fox Ervin R.
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVE

Several pathomechanisms are implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS), most of which have not been investigated in African Americans (AAs). We examined the contribution of a selected panel of biomarkers to the development of MetS in Jackson Heart Study (JHS) participants in this investigation.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We evaluated 3,019 JHS participants (mean age, 54 years; 64% women) with measurements for seven biomarkers representing inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [CRP]), adiposity (leptin), natriuretic pathway (B-natriuretic peptide [BNP]), adrenal pathway (cortisol and aldosterone), and endothelial function (endothelin and homocysteine). We related the biomarker panel to the development of MetS on follow-up and to longitudinal changes in MetS components.

RESULTS

There were 278 (22.9%) of 1,215 participants without MetS at baseline who had development of new-onset MetS at follow-up. The incidence of MetS was significantly associated with serum aldosterone (P = 0.004), CRP (P = 0.03), and BNP (P for trend = 0.005). The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) per SD increment of log biomarker were as follows: 1.25 (1.07–1.45) for aldosterone, 1.20 (1.02–1.43) for CRP, and 1.54 (1.07–2.23) and 1.91 (1.31–2.80) for low and high BNP quartiles, respectively. Aldosterone was positively associated with change in all MetS risk components, except low HDL cholesterol and waist circumference. CRP concentration was significantly and directly associated with change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and waist circumference but inversely associated with HDL cholesterol. For BNP, we observed a U-shape relation with SBP and triglycerides.

CONCLUSIONS

Our analysis confirms that, in AAs, higher circulating aldosterone and CRP concentrations predict incident MetS. The nonlinear U-shape relation of BNP with MetS and its components has not been reported before and thus warrants replication.
Applying Current Screening Tools for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus to a European Population: Is It Time for Change?
Authors: Avalos Gloria E. , Owens Lisa A. , Dunne Fidelma ,   for the ATLANTIC DIP Collaborators
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVE

The optimal screening regimen for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains controversial. Risk factors used in selective screening guidelines vary. Given that universal screening is not currently adopted in our European population, we aimed to evaluate which selective screening strategies were most applicable.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Between 2007 and 2009, 5,500 women were universally screened for GDM, and a GDM prevalence of 12.4% using International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria was established. We retrospectively applied selective screening guidelines to this cohort.

RESULTS

When we applied National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), Irish, and American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines, 54% (2,576), 58% (2,801), and 76% (3,656) of women, respectively, had at least one risk factor for GDM and would have undergone testing. However, when NICE, Irish, and ADA guidelines were applied, 20% (120), 16% (101), and 5% (31) of women, respectively, had no risk factor and would have gone undiagnosed. Using a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 for screening has a specificity of 81% with moderate sensitivity at 48%. Reducing the BMI to ≥25 kg/m2 (ADA) increases the sensitivity to 80% with a specificity of 44%. Women with no risk factors diagnosed with GDM on universal screening had more adverse pregnancy outcomes than those with normal glucose tolerance.

CONCLUSIONS

This analysis provides a strong argument for universal screening. However, if selective screening were adopted, the ADA guidelines would result in the highest rate of diagnosis and the lowest number of missed cases.
The Importance of Waist Circumference and BMI for Mortality Risk in Diabetic Adults
Authors: Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Hu Gang , Cefalu William T. , Mire Emily , Bouchard Claude
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to determine the associations of waist circumference (WC) and BMI with all-cause mortality among patients with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The sample included 847 white and 553 African American patients (18–69 years of age) with diabetes. Height, weight, and WC were measured, and the BMI (kg/m2) was calculated. Cox regression was used to analyze the associations of BMI and WC with mortality, adjusting for age, sex, race, examination year, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. Hazard ratios (HRs) are expressed per standard deviation of each independent variable.

RESULTS

A total of 86 deaths occurred during 6.7 years of follow-up. After adjustment for covariates, WC (HR 1.40 [95% CI 1.14–1.72]) and BMI (1.29 [1.04–1.61]) demonstrated significant relationships with mortality.

CONCLUSIONS

The results indicate that maintaining a healthy WC and BMI are both important for individuals living with diabetes.
ENT Services in Nepal
Authors: Neupane Yogesh
Published: June 2013

Nepalese Journal of ENT Head and Neck Surgery, Vol.3 Issue 1 (Jan-June 2012) Page 1 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njenthns.v3i1.8177
Pilomatrixoma in Head and Neck
Authors: Tulachan B , Parajuli R
Published: June 2013

Nepalese Journal of ENT Head and Neck Surgery, Vol. 3 Issue 1 (Jan-June 2012) Page 11-12 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njenthns.v3i1.8181
Trichilemmal Cyst: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Rayamajhi P , KC S , Sah S
Published: June 2013

Nepalese Journal of ENT Head and Neck Surgery, Vol. 3 Issue 1 (Jan-June 2012) Page 15-16 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njenthns.v3i1.8183
Evolution of Anatomy Drawings from 14th to 16th Century
Authors: Uddin Md Mesbah , Amin Nahid Farhana
Published: June 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v9i2.15219 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy 2011 Vol.9(2) pp.65-69
Length and Diameter of the Cystic Duct: A Postmortem Study
Authors: Nahar Nurun , Ara Shamim , Rahman Mushfika , Afroz Halima
Published: June 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v9i2.15278 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy 2011 Vol.9(2) pp.89-92
A Study on the gonado Protective Role of Folinic Acid Against Cyclophosphamide Induced Cytotoxicity in Rat
Authors: Afsan Md , Begum Shahanaz , Ahmed AH Hamid
Published: June 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v9i2.15280 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy 2011 Vol.9(2) pp.96-100
Incidence of Trocar (Port) Site Hernias after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy-Study of 100 Cases
Authors: Kabir Sheikh Firoj , Haque Md. Anowarul
Published: June 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v9i2.15283 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy 2011 Vol.9(2) pp.110-112
Mosaic Down Syndrome with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report
Authors: Khan Md Habib , Rabbani Md Golam , Charaborty Sanjoy Kumar , Biswas Rajat Sanker Roy
Published: June 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v9i2.15285 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy 2011 Vol.9(2) pp.119-121
Prof. A.K. Shamsuddin Siddiquey (1941-2011)
Authors: Editor The
Published: June 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v9i2.15286 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy 2011 Vol.9(2) pp.122
Health inequalities in South-East Asia  extent, causes, and principles for policy action
Authors: Rahman Sayeeda , Majumder Md. Anwarul Azim
Published: June 2013

South East Asia J Public Health | Jan-June 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 1 | 1 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i1.15252
Health promotion: An integral discipline of public health
Authors: Pati Sanghamitra , Chauhan Abhimanyu Singh
Published: June 2013

Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health and is emerging as a critical domain of public health. Over the last two decades, the medical model of health care, with its reliance upon clinically oriented experts, has begun a subtle shift that highlights towards a participatory model of health promotion emphasizing healthful lifestyles and healthy communities. This health promotion movement demands public health professionals to create alliances with other disciplines which would ultimately strengthen a holistic model of health as envisaged by World Health Organization. Health promotion encompasses five key strategies with health communication and education as cornerstones. Although developed countries have incorporated health promotion activities as an integral component of their public health system and initiated health promotion education systematically, developing countries are yet to adopt the same. The present paper attempts to explore the importance of health promotion as a core discipline and tool in advancing public health education, research and practice. It further illustrates few health promotion models that have been adopted and practiced for community health development. The paper advocates for stronger recognition health promotion as an integral entity and incorporation of health promotion in all domains of public health.South East Asia J Public Health | Jan-June 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 1 | 3-7 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i1.15253
Effect of socio-demographic characteristics on the prevalence of anemia among school going adolescent girls in Lucknow district, India
Authors: Sachan Beena , Idris MZ , Singh Ashutosh
Published: June 2013

Anemia is a serious public health concern in most developing countries and the prevalence of anemia is quite high among adolescent girls.  A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among school going adolescent girls in urban as well as rural schools of the Lucknow district, Uttar Pradesh, India from October 2008 to September 2009 with the objectives of studying the prevalence of anemia and the various socio-demographic characteristics in relation to anemia. Multistage random sampling was used to select the requisite number of girls. A total of 847 school going adolescent girls between 10-19 years of age were interviewed. Information regarding their socio-demographic characteristics was collected and the girls were also examined for presence or absence of pallor for anemia. Statistical analyses were done using percentage, Chi-square test, and odds ratio. The prevalence of anemia was found to be 55.6% and 57.9% in urban and rural school going adolescent girls respectively and  significant association of anemia  was observed with religion, caste and socio-economic status (p value<0.05). There is need to develop strategies for intensive adult education, nutrition education and dietary supplementation including anemia prophylaxis.South East Asia J Public Health | Jan-June 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 1 | 8-12 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i1.15254
Nutritional status and morbidity pattern of government primary school children in north Kolkata of West Bengal, India
Authors: Das Palash , Basu Mausumi , Dhar Gautam , Mallik Sarmila , Pal Ranabir
Published: June 2013

The nutritional status of children adversely affects their physical and mental growth. This study examined the nutritional status and morbidity pattern of government primary school children in north Kolkata of West Bengal, India. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 10 primary schools using interview techniques and anthropometric and clinical examinations. Of the 502 children, 40.2% children showed poor hygiene. The upper class students showed significantly poorer hygiene than that of lower class students. Anemia rate was 22.3% in these children and class II and III students showed significantly more anemia. Dental caries were found among 29.9% children and class II and III students showed significantly higher rate. About 10.4% children were found with enlarged tonsils and class I and III students showed higher prevalence. A major group of children (39.4%) gave the history of worm expulsion and the infestations of worms were observed significantly higher among lower class students. Vitamin B-complex deficit was observed among 20.7% and the deficiency was markedly observed among class II and IV students. Under-weight children were found in one-third of study population. There was no significant difference in nutrition among the participants from the various classes. There was no case of severe under-nutrition or stunting and wasting found in this study population. The findings of various nutritional status and morbidity patterns in this study highlight the needs to undertake various initiatives in relation to health promotion and prevention in primary schools.South East Asia J Public Health | Jan-June 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 1 | 13-17 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i1.15255
Iodized salt at households and retail shops in a rural community of Northern India
Authors: Srivastava Rahul , Yadav Kapil , Upadhyay Ravi P , Silan Vijay , Sinha Smita , Pandav Chandrakant S , Karmarkar Madhu G
Published: June 2013

Iodine is an essential micronutrient for humans but its deficiency can cause public health problems. The objective of this study was to estimate the consumption of adequately iodized salt on a household level, and to study the availability, procurement, storage, cost, and knowledge regarding iodized salt and iodine deficiency disorders amongst retail shopkeepers from the Ballabgarh block of Haryana in Northern India. This rural area was the location used for a community-based cross-sectional study by simple random sampling. Salt samples were collected from 363 selected households (out of the calculated 400 household samples) and all the retail shops (233) in the study area. Salt was tested using an iodometric titration method at the Indian Coalition for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD) laboratory in New Delhi. Retail shopkeepers were also interviewed regarding their knowledge and practices. Adequately iodized salt (?15 parts per million) was consumed in 65.2% of the households, while 17.3%, of the residents were consuming salt with no iodine added (0-5ppm). Adequately iodized salt was sold by 76.3% of the retail establishments, while 12.3% were selling salt without any added iodine (0-5ppm). About 84% of the shopkeepers were aware that they are selling iodized salt. It was reported by 94% of the retail shopkeepers that iodized salt is necessary for good health but none of them could identify all the iodine deficiency disorders. Effective strategies are required to educate both consumers and suppliers to achieve Universal Salt Iodization at household level.South East Asia J Public Health | Jan-June 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 1 | 18-23 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i1.15256
Utilization of ASHA services under NRHM in relation to maternal health in rural Lucknow, India
Authors: Singh Manish K , Singh JV , Kumari Rema , Ahmad Naim , Khanna Anish
Published: June 2013

To address poor utilization of maternal and child health services by the rural community, the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) was launched in 2005 in India. Under NRHM, ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) was identified as an effective link between the government and poor pregnant women.  The aim of the present study was to examine the utilization of ASHA services under NRHM in relation to maternal health by the Recently Delivered Women (RDW) in the study area. A cross-sectional study was conducted at PHC Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow and its rural field areas. A sample of 350 RDW, chosen by simple random sampling, were interviewed at bedside by a preformed schedule and then were followed up after six weeks. Antenatal registration was reported by 97% RDW of which 73% registered early. About 53% RDW had three or more antenatal care visits. Two dose Tetanus Toxoid coverage was 92.9%. Receipt and consumption of iron and folic acid was low. ASHA was the major facilitator for higher utilization of antenatal care services, except for Iron and Folic Acid receipt/consumption.  Low utilization of postnatal care (21.5% RDW had at least one postnatal check-up) is a matter of concern. Knowledge and awareness of ASHA on importance of postnatal care needs to be enhanced via hands on training by specialists and regular orientation programs. Better and intense advocacy in the community regarding importance of availing services of ASHA in relation to maternal health needs to be addressed.South East Asia J Public Health | Jan-June 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 1 | 24-27 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i1.15261
Perception regarding reproductive health among adolescents of rural Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Shahid Anjum , Pirzada Abdul Ghaffar , Memon Ashfaque Ahmed
Published: June 2013

Adolescence, the second decade of life, is a period in which an individual undergoes major physical and psychological changes. Adolescence is a period when health problems that have serious immediate consequences can occur or when problem behaviours that could have serious adverse effects on health in the future are initiated. This study examines the knowledge and perception regarding reproductive health and opinion toward reproductive health education among adolescents of rural Sindh, Pakistan.  Study was conducted in 2008- 2009 on a total number of 369 adolescent males (209) and females (160) studying in colleges of Kambar Shadadkot, rural Sindh. This descriptive study using cluster sampling technique was conducted in randomly selected eight intermediate colleges of boys and girls. After informed consent and ensuring confidentiality, an anonymous quantitative questionnaire was completed to ascertain the knowledge of adolescents.  Main outcome measures were adolescents knowledge of reproductive health concepts, pregnancy and contraceptive methods and knowledge in relation to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV/AIDS. Analysis of data revealed that a sizable proportion of adolescents had low knowledge regarding reproductive health issues and had misconception regarding reproductive physiology, STDs and condoms. Teacher was the focal source of information and 63% male and 43 % female respondents desired a need for RH education. More than half of participants had no knowledge on STDs and HIV/AIDS and its spread and a small percentage had awareness regarding contraceptive methods, about condom use and its protective coverage against STDs and pregnancy. Strong efforts are needed to augment awareness among rural adolescents and education could serve the purpose. Gender-based ethnically amenable sex education curriculum should be introduced in educational institutions.South East Asia J Public Health | Jan-June 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 1 | 39-45 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i1.15264
Acceptability of female-controlled HIV/STI prevention options among professionals in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Ara Zaman , Begum Nilufar , Nweneka Chidi V
Published: June 2013

Millions of women worldwide lack the power to protect themselves from HIV; current prevention options require cooperation from the male partners. Limited prospects for an HIV vaccine and continued escalation of HIV make female-controlled HIV/STI prevention options like microbicides desirable. While socio-cultural factors could reduce acceptability of these options by vulnerable women, opinion leaders like health personnel and teachers could positively influence their acceptability. The aim of this study was to assess the acceptability of female-controlled HIV/STI prevention options among medical doctors, nurses, pharmacists and secondary school teachers in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire among 375 professionals (nurses, doctors, pharmacists and teachers). The questionnaire assessed the respondents perception of HIV, and their attitudes towards female-controlled HIV/STI prevention options such as female condoms and vaginal microbicides. The study revealed that 98.4% of the respondents were of the opinion that women should determine their HIV/STI prevention options, while 89.3% agreed that options which empower women would be acceptable. It was also found that 18.4% would use the female condoms while 34.4% would use vaginal microbicides. Factors associated with willingness to use the female-controlled prevention options were HIV risk perception, marital status, profession, and duration in profession. There was no association between willingness to use female condoms and willingness to use the vaginal microbicides. While male condom use was positively associated with willingness to use female condom, there was no significant relationship between male condom use and willingness to use the vaginal microbicides. The study showed that professionals strongly supported HIV/STI prevention options that are female-controlled, with most preferring vaginal microbicides to the female condoms. Such support would inform the design of appropriate interventions to prepare the professionals for the eventual advent of an effective microbicide as a HIV/AIDS prevention option.South East Asia J Public Health | Jan-June 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 1 | 46-53 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i1.15265
Family planning services in Sri Lanka: Clients nonmedical expectations and the health systems responsiveness
Authors: Perera WLSP , Mwanri Lillian , Seneviratne Rohini De A , Fernnando Thushara
Published: June 2013

Nonmedical expectations of the service seekers is an integral component of care that must be given due respect by the healthcare providers in delivering health services. This paper presents findings of a qualitative study conducted exploring the many dimensions of health systems responsiveness (HSR) in relation to family planning (FP) services provided by the government public health sector of Sri Lanka. Clients visiting the government FP clinics in Colombo district were interviewed using a semi structured moderator guide. Interviews covered three core domains of HSR including (i) clinic environment, (ii) ease of access to services and (iii) clients choice. Content analysis was carried out identifying themes around the domains. In relation to domain clinic environment, three subthemes were identified. These included (i) expectations from a free service, (ii) disorganization and (iii) sanitary facilities. Similarly, five subthemes emerged under the domain ease of access to services, namely, (i) outreach clinics, (ii) domiciliary services, (iii) social networking at MCH clinics, (iv) poly clinic/combined clinic setting and (v) working clients. In relation to the domain clients choice three subthemes emerged including, (i) service provider selecting the method, (ii) selecting the service provider and (iii) selecting the clinic. The findings emphasize that the healthcare providers must be enlightened on nonmedical aspects of service delivery and HSR must be taken into consideration in delivering FP services.South East Asia J Public Health | Jan-June 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 1 | 54-59 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i1.15266
Prevalence of low back pain and associated risk factors among professional car drivers in Dhaka city, Bangladesh
Authors: Nahar Begum Nurun , Ashan GU , Khan Nazmul A
Published: June 2013

Low back pain (LBP) is common and affects most people at some point in their life. The exact cause of LBP among professional car drivers is still uncertain. Epidemiological studies of LBP have been performed among general populations and professional drivers in different countries; however the data on LBP in this professional category is scarce in Bangladesh. This paper investigates the prevalence of LBP among professional car drivers in Dhaka city and examines the relationship between back pain and years of driving, driving duration per day and the body weight of the drivers. A cross-sectional study was performed during December 2010 using a questionnaire and car drivers who experienced back pain for at least one day during the past 12 months were included in the study. The study demonstrated that 78% of car drivers reported LBP for at least one day during the past 12 months. The study also revealed age, daily and cumulative driving in drivers and stature are among the risk factors of LBP. Occupational health and safety management interventions should be implemented to prevent adverse health effects in professional car drivers.South East Asia J Public Health | Jan-June 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 1 | 60-62 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i1.15267
Study on reasons of dropout of EPI vaccination in selected slum area of Dhaka city, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Latifur , Biswas Haridas , Hossain Tofazzel , Khan Abdul Mazid , Khan Ishaq Ali
Published: June 2013

This cross sectional study carried out at a selected slum in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. The objective of the study was to examine the reasons of dropout of EPI vaccination among the children of slum areas. Mothers having children 11-23 months with history of EPI dropout were included in the study. A total of 128 mothers were interviewed. Out of 128 respondents 32.8% were in the age of 26-30 yrs; 96.9% were married, 65.7% were housewife, 62.5% had 4-6 members in the family, 50.78% had primary education & rest 10.15% had secondary level education. Approximately 53.1% of the husbands of the respondents were day laborers, and 57.8% of the family had a monthly income in range of Tk.  2001-3000. Out of 128 dropout children, 31.2% were in the age group 11-13 moths and 28.2% were in the age group 20 months and above. During the interview, respondents were able to show the EPI Card of their children. The main reasons for dropping out were a lack of awareness to complete the vaccination schedule (25%), and illness of child (21.9%). The other reasons were fear of reaction (9.4%) and business of the mother (9.4%). There is a need to intensify efforts to increase access for immunization, strengthen surveillance and promote health education to reduce the dropouts in slum areas.South East Asia J Public Health | Jan-June 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 1 | 64-67 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i1.15268
Should medical humanities be a part of the undergraduate medical curriculum?
Authors: Majumder Md. Anwarul Azim
Published: June 2013

South East Asia J Public Health | Jan-June 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 1 | 68-69 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i1.15272
Biomedical research productivity in Bangladesh (1996-2010): A comparison with low-income economy
Authors: Majumder Md. Anwarel Azim , Shaban Sami F , Rahman Sayeeda , Ahmed Moslehuddin
Published: June 2013

South East Asia J Public Health | Jan-June 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 1 | 70-72 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i1.15273
Synthesis of the tetracyclic core of Illicium sesquiterpenes using an organocatalyzed asymmetric Robinson annulation
Authors: Trzoss Lynnie , Xu Jing , Lacoske Michelle H , Theodorakis Emmanuel A
Published: June 2013

An enantioselective synthesis of the core framework of neurotrophic Illicium majucin-type sesquiterpenes is described here. This strategy is based on an organocatalyzed asymmetric Robinson annulation and provides an efficient approach for a diversity-oriented synthesis of Illicium natural products that holds remarkable therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases.
Le Havre, l'axe Paris-Seine et les routes maritimes mondiales
Authors: Frémont Antoine
Published: June 2013

Le port du Havre est en perte de vitesse face à Anvers ou Rotterdam : pour des raisons économiques (dynamisme allemand) et géographiques difficiles à modifier à court terme, mais aussi du fait de choix stratégiques sur lesquels on peut influer, pour mieux insérer la France dans les échanges mondiaux en transformant le rapport entre les terres intérieures et l’ouverture au grand large.
Tanger Med : un pari sur l'avenir du détroit de Gibraltar
Authors: Daoud Zakya
Published: June 2013

Projet monumental visant à accaparer, avec Algésiras, le trafic maritime dans le détroit de Gibraltar, Tanger Med veut se mettre au niveau des plus grands ports internationaux. Mais la construction de digues, la mise en place de zones franches, le déplacement du trafic bouleversent la région. Comment l’avancée économique que représente Tanger Med peut-elle s’accorder avec un immobilisme politique ?
Les mécanismes de la mobilisation latino à San Diego (Californie) lors des élections générales de 2012
Authors: Bonnet Émilie
Published: June 2013

Plus encore que lors des précédentes élections générales étatsuniennes, celles de 2012 furent marquées par la participation notoire des Latinos. La croissance démographique exponentielle du groupe suffit à en faire un enjeu politique majeur. Cela étant, le nouvel intérêt induit par cette seule donnée pour la communauté, aux échelles nationale et internationale, ne peut en masquer une autre, d’importance égale quoique moins visible. Il s’agit de l’implication des électeurs militants à l’échelle locale et des mécanismes spécifiques mis en place à cette échelle. Les élections générales correspondent à un scrutin multiple durant lequel les enjeux locaux surpassent parfois, et de manière considérable, le débat présidentiel. À San Diego, la période qui a entouré l’élection fut l’occasion de mobiliser et d’organiser la communauté latino, appréhendée dans son ensemble, sur des enjeux particulièrement variés. Variables d’une échelle à l’autre, les ressorts de la mobilisation politique de la communauté latino sont plus complexes qu’il n’y paraît.
Construction d'un espace de parole à l'aide de l'analyse de l'activité dans une formation initiale en travail social
Authors: Stroumza Kim
Published: June 2013

Cet article décrit une utilisation de l’analyse de l’activité pour construire un espace de parole en situation de formation initiale en travail social. Cet espace accueille et assume les vécus des étudiants-stagiaires comme induits par l’activité même et incarnés dans celle-ci, en deçà des jugements normatifs qui fondent, selon Dejours, la dynamique de la reconnaissance, et en deçà des controverses professionnelles visées par la Clinique de l’Activité pour régénérer le métier.
Action située, modèle de terrain et pouvoir de l'énonciation : sur les traces du langage dans l'activité éducative
Authors: Stroumza Kim
Published: June 2013

Outillé d’une conception située, post-ethnométhodologique et pragmatique de l’action et d’une conception du langage qui accorde une place centrale au pouvoir de l’énonciation, cet article saisit dans le détail du déroulement d’une activité éducative auprès d’une adulte en situation de handicap psychique, comment concrètement se heurtent et s’articulent dans le cours du déroulement d’une interaction informelle un travail d’autonomisation et un travail de construction d’une relation.
Celebrations in the Idrija River Valley of Slovenian Entrance into the European Union
Authors: Ravnik Mojca
Published: June 2013

Članek obravnava dogodke v dolini reke Idrije na italijansko- slovenski meji ob vstopu Slovenije v EU 1. maja 2004. Gre za povezano kulturno regijo na obeh straneh reke, ki je bila že v preteklih stoletjih mejna, a jo je najbolj prizadela meja med Italijo in Jugoslavijo po 2. svetovni vojni. Prekinila je vitalne povezave, zato so kraji na obeh straneh meje nazadovali. Na krajevni proslavi in srečanjih domačinov v naslednjih mesecih je prišla do izraza skupna tradicionalna kultura, ne kot nostalgična rekonstrukcija, ampak kot izraz olajšanja po zgodovinskih travmah.
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Analyzed are the events that had taken place in the Idrija River Valley when Slovenia joined the European Union on May 1, 2004. The villages on both sides of the river were the ones most affected by the newly established border between Italy and Yugoslavia after the Second World War. The months following the entrance of Slovenia in the European Union were marked by a number of festivities, cultural events, and encounters organized by the local population. These reflect the common traditional cultural elements that, rather than a nostalgic reconstruction, express a sincere relief after the traumas of the past.
Europe: Imagination and Practices. Introduction I.
Authors: Fikfak Jurij
Published: June 2013

The EU constitutional crisis has shown how “Europe” is far from being a homogeneous entity. It is a mix of countries both large and small, old and new, that perceive and present themselves in different ways, and use different culturallyconstructed strategies and tactics in relation to an imagined “Europeanness.” Based on concrete practices between an EU member state and a non–member state, the author discusses Eurocentrism and the relations between official and subcultural discourse. This also involves examining selected texts in several books (Wolfe, Kockel, and Vivod) and issues raised by scholarly groups and their discourse regarding where the center of Europe lies, the relations between old member states and candidate countries, and desire and uneasiness as the fundamental ambivalence of old and new EU countries.
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Kriza ob sprejemanju ustave Evropske unije je pokazala, kako je »Evropa« še daleč od tega, da bi bila homogena celota. Je zbir držav, majhnih in velikih, starih in novih, ki se dojemajo na različne načine in uporabljajo različno kulturno konstruirane prakse in taktike v razmerju z zamišljeno »evropskostjo«. Avtor na primeru konkretnih praks med članico in nečlanico EU razpravlja o evrocentričnosti in razmerju med uradnim in subkulturnim diskurzom; pri pregledu nekaterih besedil v knjigi (Wolfe, Kockel, Vivod) pa o vprašanjih znanstvenih skupnosti in njihovih diskurzov; o tem, kje je središče Evrope; o razmerju med starimi članicami in kandidatkami za članstvo ter in o želji in nelagodju kot temeljni ambivalenci starih in novih držav EU.
Coming Home to Europe. Travels and Travails in a Lost Continent
Authors: Kockel Ullrich
Published: June 2013

The notion of European visions, visions of Europe, or indeed ‘Eurovisions’, has been popular for some time. Shrouded in a mist of discourse, this Europe is now almost unknowable. This essay explores ways of knowing Europe through its debatable lands in the relationship between Heimat and frontier.
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Zamisel o »evropskih vizijah«, »vizijah Evrope« ali »evrovizijah« je popularna že nekaj časa. Zakrita v mešanici diskurzov je ta Evropa skoraj nepoznana. Avtor razkriva načine spoznavanja Evrope s stališča spornih ozemelj v razmerju med Heimat - domovino in mejo.
Central Europe as a Transition Zone between West and East
Authors: Denni Karen
Published: June 2013

This paper presents various concepts of “Central Europe” that prove the vagueness and ambivalence of the term. It starts by demonstrating the arbitrariness of the “west” and “east” in three geographical examples. This is followed by highlighting historical concepts of Central Europe and some cultural concepts of Eastern dissidents of the 1980s. Finally, some proposals are discussed for considering a symbiosis of the West and East in the transition zone of Central Europe.
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Članek predstavlja različne koncepte “srednje Evrope”, ki pritrjujejo nejasnosti in amvivalentnosti izraza. Najprej s tremi zemljepisnimi zgledi pokaže na poljubnost “zahoda” in “vzhoda”, sledi osvetlitev zgodovinskih konceptov srednje Evrope in nekaj kulturnih konceptov vzhodnih disidentov iz 80. let prejšnjega stoletja. Na koncu je obravnavanih nekaj predlogov za upoštevanje sožitja zahoda in vzhoda na prehodnem območju srednje Evrope.