bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the General Acceptability and User Experience of a Digital Therapeutic for Cognitive Training in a Singaporean Older Adult Population: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kwek Siong Peng , Leong Qiao Ying , Lee V Vien , Lau Ni Yin , Vijayakumar Smrithi , Ng Wei Ying , Rai Bina , Raczkowska Marlena Natalia , Asplund Christopher L , Remus Alexandria , Ho Dean
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Singapore’s large aging population poses significant challenges for the health care system in managing cognitive decline, underscoring the importance of identifying and implementing effective interventions. Cognitive training delivered remotely as a digital therapeutic (DTx) may serve as a scalable and accessible approach to overcoming these challenges. While previous studies indicate the potential of cognitive training as a promising solution for managing cognitive decline, understanding the attitudes and experiences of older adults toward using such DTx platforms remains relatively unexplored.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to characterize the general acceptability and user experience of CURATE.DTx, a multitasking-based DTx platform that challenges the cognitive domains of attention, problem-solving, and executive function in the Singaporean older adult population.

METHODS

A total of 15 older adult participants (mean age 66.1, SD 3.5 years) were recruited for a 90-minute in-person session. This session included a 30-minute playtest of CURATE.DTx, followed by a 60-minute semistructured interview to understand their overall attitudes, experience, motivation, and views of the intervention. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, then analyzed using an inductive approach. Thematic analysis was used to identify emerging patterns and insights.

RESULTS

A total of 3 main themes, and their respective subthemes, emerged from the interviews: comprehension, with subthemes of instruction and task comprehension; acceptability, with subthemes of tablet usability, engagement and enjoyment, and attitude and perceived benefits; and facilitators to adoption, with subthemes of framing and aesthetics, motivation recommendations and the role of medical professionals. Our findings revealed that participants encountered some challenges with understanding certain elements of CURATE.DTx. Nevertheless, they were still highly engaged with it, finding the challenge to be enjoyable. Participants also showed a strong awareness of the importance of cognitive training and expressed a keen interest in using CURATE.DTx for this purpose, especially if recommended by medical professionals.

CONCLUSIONS

Given the positive engagement and feedback obtained from Singaporean older adults on CURATE.DTx, this study can serve as a basis for future platform iterations and strategies that should be considered during implementation. Future studies should continue implementing an iterative codesign approach to ensure the broader applicability and effectiveness of interventions tailored to this demographic.
Admissions Trends and Application Insights: Exploring the Challenges of Collegiate Athletes in Medical School Admissions (Preprint)
Authors: Resong Paul J , Gregg Arianna , Thompson Molly , Stovak Mark
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Student-athletes have unique challenges in preparing for medical school. Despite excelling in clinical settings like emergency medicine and orthopedics, they are underrepresented in admissions, and mentorship programs struggle to work with their rigorous schedules, which may impact and weaken their medical school applications. Analyzing AAMC data may reveal these weaknesses and assist mentorship programs in their advisement of student athletes. Improving support for athlete applicants will reduce disparities and overcome their unique challenges in medical school admissions.

OBJECTIVE

Primary Objective:
Between 2018 and 2022, we aim to compare the matriculation rates of athletes versus non-athletes who applied to United States medical schools through the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC).

Secondary Objectives:
To determine in what experiences of the AAMC application process do athlete medical school applicants have significantly less performance in.
To determine the demographic breakdown of athlete medical school applicants.
To determine the prevalence of athletes matriculating into medical school between application cycles 2018-2022.
To assess for any factors influencing (positively or negatively) the matriculation rate of athlete applicants.

Through answering these objectives, we can learn more about the specific needs of athletes aspiring to become future physicians.

METHODS

This study retrospectively reviewed 276,858 AAMC medical school applicants from 2018 to 2022, analyzing demographic information, acceptance metrics, and extracurricular activities. 28,722 athletes were identified based on participation in at least one season. Statistical tests compared application parameters between athlete and non-athlete groups and matriculated vs non-matriculated groups.

RESULTS

Athletes had higher acceptance and matriculation rates compared to non-athletes and engaged more frequently in several extracurriculars. Matriculated athletes boasted higher GPAs (3.71 vs 3.52, P<.001) and MCAT scores (511.7 vs 503.0, P<.001) compared to non-matriculated athletes. Matriculated athletes were also more frequently engaged in community service, research, teaching, and shadowing compared to non-matriculated athletes (P<.001 for all). However, they participated less in medical and non-medical employment (P<.001, P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Engaging in intercollegiate athletics is a positive indicator for matriculating into medical school. However, it is but one element that factors into applications. Mentorship programs assisting athletes should focus on helping improve an applicant’s GPA and MCAT score while providing opportunities for athletes to engage in community service, research, teaching, and shadowing.
Metaverse-based Digital Twin Model for Monitoring Emerging Infection Using Dynamic Cycle Threshold Values (Preprint)
Authors: Lin Ting Yu , Yen Ming Fang , Chen Li-Sheng , Hsu Chen Yang , Yeh Yen Po , Chen Tony Hsiu-Hsi
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Leveraging the metaverse concept to stop the spread of the emerging infectious disease offers novel insights into immersive experiences of precision contact tracing, isolation, and quarantine guided by dynamic viral shedding.

OBJECTIVE

To develop a metaverse surveillance model for monitoring emerging infectious diseases guided by dynamic viral shedding illustrated with an example of COVID-19 and to assess the effectiveness of various immersive experiences in contact tracing, isolation, and quarantine of all suspected infected persons.

METHODS

Markov machine learning techniques were leveraged to train parameters from physical cycle threshold (Ct) data. A virtual cohort of digital threads was created from dynamic Ct values obtained by repeated RT-PCR, using a digital twin strategy. A new cut-and-paste editing method integrated virtual and physical data to produce the metaverse dataset. The dataset, illustrated by COVID-19 community-acquired outbreaks of the Alpha and Omicron variants of concern (VOCs) in Changhua, central Taiwan, was utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of immersive precision isolation and quarantine schedules. The Ct-defined dynamic transitions were derived from the digital threads of two small community-acquired outbreaks to guide precision contact tracing, quarantine, and isolation for both Alpha and Omicron VOCs.

RESULTS

The precision intervals required to trace, quarantine, and isolate contact persons to achieve the effectiveness of stopping a further large outbreak were quantitatively estimated according to the Ct-defined level collected from a small early outbreak. Days tracing back to stop 90% spread via contact persons with Alpha infectives were 15, 27, and 34 days for low, medium, and high viral load levels, respectively. To prevent 90% spread of Omicron infection, precise days for quarantine and isolation were 5 and 7 days for individuals with and without booster vaccination.

CONCLUSIONS

A Ct-guided digital twin metaverse model shows potential for timely and precise containment of emerging infectious diseases. The study highlights the transformative impact of advanced digital technologies in healthcare, setting the stage for enhanced disease surveillance and management of emerging infectious diseases.
Identification of heat tolerant, virus resistant candidate potato varieties for cereal based cropping system through participatory varietal selection approach
Authors: Pandey Pooja , Kadian Mohinder , Sindhu PC , Kant Gaurav , Yadav Neha
Published: July 2024

12 heat tolerant, low tropical virus resistant potato CIP clones were evaluated to select candidate varieties that can be planted 15-30 days earlier than normal season in north Indian plains of Haryana. Regarding this research trials were conducted in three districts Karnal, Narnaul and Sirsa in rabi (winter) season of 2021. Out of 12 clones, 11 are red skin whereas clone 4621 has white skin tubers. Kufri Pukhraj, Kufri Lima, Kufri Khyati and one red skin variety Kufri Uday were planted as control. The experiments were planted in randomized block design with three replications. Planting was done in the first week of October almost 20 days earlier than normal season planting. Trials were dehaulmed at 75 days after planting in all the locations. Morphological and yield parameters were recorded and statistically analysed. In all the locations, the highest marketable and total tuber yields were recorded in variety K. Lima. It was statistically at par to clone 4611, 4620, K. Pukhraj and clone 4613. Among the locations, Sirsa was found most suitable place for table potato cultivation followed by Narnaul and Karnal. Two clones 4614 and 4616 found suitable for processing. Participatory varietal selection for tuber yield and market acceptability was done at Sirsa however, organoleptic test was conducted at Sirsa and Narnaul. Based on yield and market acceptability, K. Lima was preferred by stakeholders followed by clone 4621 and 4611. Among clones, 4621 was preferred by stakeholders for its good taste.
Morfología de racimos, frutos y semillas de Attalea moorei en el Huallaga Central, Perú
Authors: Sinti-Pinedo Diego Alonso , Rodríguez-Cabrera E. Hanz , A. Miranda Ires Paula , Rojas-Fox Jenny , Mejía Kember , Vásquez-Vásquez Juana Elizabeth , R. del Castillo Ángel Martín
Published: July 2024

Las especies del género Attalea no cuentan con estudios suficientes sobre variabilidad morfológica en la Amazonía occidental. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir y determinar la variabilidad morfológica de los racimos, frutos y semillas de Attalea moorei de 3 poblaciones de bosques estacionalmente secos de la cuenca central del río Huallaga, Perú. Se evaluaron 20 características de interés que fueron analizadas y comparadas por medio de las pruebas de Anova y Kruskal-Wallis, se visualizaron gráficamente mediante el análisis de componentes principales y se estimó la asociación de las características a través del análisis de Spearman. De las 20 características, 16 presentaron diferencias significativas. El PCA demostró la alta variación de los caracteres y la variabilidad entre las poblaciones, donde Lamas fue la más diferenciada con racimos y semillas de mayores dimensiones, mientras que las de Pucacaca y San Pedro presentaron frutos de mayor tamaño y peso. Las correlaciones relevantes se dieron entre el número de frutos/peso del racimo (0.857), peso del fruto/longitud del fruto (0.824) y diámetro de semilla/longitud de semilla (0.358), las cuales podrían tener un potencial para la producción de biocombustibles y la extracción de aceites.
Composition and zoogeography of marine-estuarine fish from a lagoon system in a temperate-tropical transition zone of the Eastern Pacific
Authors: Rábago-Quiroz Carlos Hiram , González-Acosta Adrián Felipe , Ruiz-Campos Gorgonio , Franco-López Jonathan , García-Borbón Juan Antonio , Magaña Joaquín D.
Published: July 2024

We present an updated systematic checklist of fishes from the Bahía Magdalena-Almejas lagoon system (Mexico), including notes on taxonomy, zoogeography, and conservation status, supported by field samplings and the  critical review of published and online data. The ichthyofauna is composed by 2 classes, 30 orders, 104 families, 240 genera and 416 species, mainly represented by the class Actinopterygii. Zoogeographically, the fishes showed highest affinity to the San Diego (87.2%), Cortez (81.4%) and Mexican (70%) provinces, reflecting the ancient relationship between the Californian and Tropical Eastern Pacific regions and the existence of a transitional zone in the Baja California Peninsula for fish assemblages from boreal-temperate and warm-tropical derivation, standing out the presence of the endemic Paraclinus magdalenae. The 91% of the ichthyofauna is included by the IUCN Red List as Lower Concern, Data Deficient and Not Evaluated, while Holacanthus clarionensis and Hippocampus ingens, are under Special Protection by the Mexican regulation. Ecologically, 233 species are marine-euryhaline and 177 marine-stenohaline, which preferentially inhabit soft (57%) and rocky (27.5%) bottoms; most species are demersal (60%), benthic (25%) and pelagic (14.4%). The updated checklist could improve the design and implementation of effective fishing regulation strategies and conservation programs for fishes inhabiting this coastal ecosystem.
Chorotypes and geographic relationships among endemic species of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico
Authors: Escalante Tania , Elguea-Manrique Leslie Madeleine , Espíritu-Guerrero Perla Carolina
Published: July 2024

The Transmexican Volcanic Belt (TVB) is a complex biogeographical province characterized by several areas of endemism and high diversity of flora and fauna produced by complex geological and evolutionary processes. Chorotypes are biogeographical patterns that occur either when 2 or more independently distributed species share the same occupied area, or even when a single species’ distribution area differs significantly from others. Here, we identified chorotypes of 167 endemic species inhabiting the TVB using geographic distribution models and quantitative methods. Of those species, 136 were included in 11 chorotypes, named I to XI. In addition, the insect Aedes niveoscotum constituted chorotype XII. The 30 remaining species did not belong to any chorotype. All chorotypes included species from different taxonomic groups, which may be due to a shared biogeographical history. The chorotypes with the highest richness were located in the central and eastern TVB, suggesting that volcano peaks and surrounding areas are important for generating the particular environmental conditions that restrict the distribution of species of different taxonomic groups.
Knowledge shortfalls and the effect of wildfires on biodiversity conservation in Guanajuato, Mexico
Authors: Escalante Tania , Farfán Michelle , Campos Oscar , Ochoa-Ochoa Leticia M. , Flores-Quintal Karen , García-Vélez Diego R. , Medina-Bárcenas Ana L. , Saenz Fernando
Published: July 2024

Knowledge of shortfalls could modify the geographic distribution patterns and limit the actions to conserve the biodiversity, even in the taxa best known. In addition, forest fires also could modify those patterns, but the potential effects of both factors have not been tested. Our aim was to analyze the effect of the Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls in the first evaluation of wildfire impacts on 22 amphibian and 13 mammal species distributed in Guanajuato, Mexico. We evaluated those shortfalls using the non-parametric estimator Chao2 and the Qs estimator and through maps of species richness patterns. To evaluate the effects of wildfires, we produced a fire recurrence map and quantified the burned area within species distributions and in 24 Protected Natural Areas (PNA) in the state. The Linnean shortfall showed some species missing to record in Guanajuato for both taxa, while the Wallacean shortfall showed poor quality of knowledge. Fire recurrence was high within 5 PNA. The richness patterns affected by fires covered nearly 17% of the surface of Guanajuato. Improving the knowledge of biogeographical patterns could provide better tools to stakeholders to decrease the negative impact of fires within PNA.
Perfil de leucocitos como biomarcador hematológico en poblaciones de la salamandra de arroyo Ambystoma ordinarium
Authors: González-Pardo Carolina , Suazo-Ortuño Ireri , Mendoza-Almeralla Cynthia , Tafolla-Venegas David , Maldonado-López Yurixhi , Meléndez-Herrera Esperanza
Published: July 2024

La evaluación del perfil de leucocitos como biomarcador hematológico en las poblaciones de anfibios es cada vez más común en estudios ecológicos en especies amenazadas o en declive. En este estudio evaluamos y comparamos el perfil de leucocitos y el índice neutrófilos/linfocitos (N/L) en frotis de sangre periférica de Ambystoma ordinarium en 3 tipos de hábitats: conservados, urbanizados y agrícolas. Consideramos al perfil leucocitario como un endpoint inmunológico, ya que nos puede proporcionar información sobre la respuesta inmunológica del organismo. De acuerdo con los resultados encontrados, en los individuos de A. ordinarium de los sitios urbanizados y agrícolas se detectaron aumentos en las proporciones de eosinófilos, basófilos y monocitos, y una disminución en las proporciones de linfocitos. Asimismo, en los individuos de los sitios urbanizados y agrícolas se detectaron aumentos en el número de neutrófilos banda, además se reporta por primera vez el hallazgo de células plasmáticas en la sangre de esta especie. En general, los perfiles de leucocitos de los individuos de A. ordinarium en los sitios urbanizados y agrícolas observados en este estudio, podrían interpretarse como respuestas fisiológicas a la perturbación ambiental.
Nuevos registros estatales de Bromeliaceae y Piperaceae en México
Authors: Aguilar-Rodríguez Pedro A. , Bolívar-Cimé Beatríz del Socorro , Pérez-Farrera Miguel Ángel , MacSwiney M. Cristina
Published: July 2024

La flora de México está en constante actualización y las familias Bromeliaceae y Piperaceae están representadas en el país con numerosas especies, principalmente en los estados del sur. Sin embargo, las exploraciones botánicas han incrementado el número de especies reportadas para cada estado y algunas pueden encontrarse del estudio de material de herbario, de ejemplares mal identificados, o provenir de relictos de bosques cercanos a áreas urbanas. El objetivo de este trabajo es reportar nuevos registros de bromeliáceas y piperáceas en distintos estados de México, y presentar un mapa actualizado de su distribución. Entre 2018 y 2023, como parte de diferentes exploraciones botánicas, incluyendo áreas verdes periurbanas, se colectaron ejemplares y se identificaron con claves de identificación taxonómica y con expertos. Determinamos que eran nuevos aportes para las floras estatales y ampliaciones norteñas para la distribución conocida de esas especies, una de las cuales estaba presente en un remanente de bosque urbano. Los 4 registros nuevos corresponden a Pseudalcantarea macropetala, Tillandsia heterophylla, Werauhia nutans y Piper pseudoasperifolium en bosque mesófilo de montaña y vegetación secundaria, y demuestran la importancia de continuar las exploraciones botánicas en diferentes tipos de vegetación, considerando también relictos de bosque en áreas urbanas.
Comprensión lectora y resolución de problemas matemáticos
Authors: Heredia Ponce Hugo , Gutiérrez Molero Salvador , Romero Oliva Manuel Francisco
Published: July 2024

La falta de comprensión lectora sigue siendo un problema importante en educación y, por tanto, dificulta que los alumnos resuelvan correctamente problemas matemáticos. A través de un estudio cuasiexperimental y de caso en un centro educativo de la provincia de Cádiz, se analiza la incidencia que los textos/problemas pautados y los tutoriales tienen en la resolución de problemas. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes tienen dificultades de comprensión lectora y, por ende, se les dificulta acceder y resolver un problema matemático. En definitiva, el patrón metodológico integrado por la mediación docente, desde los textos pautados, así como el desarrollo de destrezas comunicativas en la elaboración de tutoriales, como recurso TIC, confluyeron en una mejora significativa en la resolución de problemas matemáticos. En este sentido, desde la educación se deben de utilizar los recursos TIC como elementos motivadores.
AI and Cloud Computing in Healthcare: Transforming Patient Care with AWS and Java
Authors: Saitala Srinivas
Published: July 2024

A new era in healthcare is being ushered in by the convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud computing, which will significantly improve patient care through improved diagnosis, individualized treatment planning, and effective patient management. This article explores the potent combination of Java and Amazon Web Services (AWS) and how these technologies may be used to develop cutting-edge AI-driven healthcare solutions that optimize healthcare operations and dramatically enhance patient outcomes. Together with Java's robust and flexible programming environment, healthcare providers can leverage AWS's scalable infrastructure and advanced machine learning capabilities to create and implement sophisticated AI models that analyze massive amounts of medical data at a speed and accuracy never seen before. These developments are making it possible to make more accurate diagnoses, customized treatment plans, and proactive patient monitoring, which can result in better clinical judgment and possibly life-saving measures. But even as we consider the enormous positive effects these technologies have on society, we also have to face the ethical problems they raise, such as issues with data privacy, potential biases in algorithms, and unequal access to cutting-edge medical treatments.
Lesão pulmonar induzida pelo uso excessivo de cigarros eletrônicos: toxicantes envolvidos e mecanismos fisiopatológicos
Authors: Travassos Cáren Caroline Andrade , Torres Karla Frida Flister
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Electronic cigarettes were introduced to the market for assisting in smoking cessation. However, this alternative is related to the development of Lung Injury Associated with the Use of Electronic Cigarettes and Vaporizers (EVALI), especially in the young population. In this context, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of lung injury produced by the use of electronic cigarettes in order to establish the true risks of long-term exposure to these vapors. Objective: To elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of EVALI. Method: Integrative literature review based on the PRISMA method and search in the LILACs, PubMed, and EMBASE databases, from 2003 to 2023 and free access experimental and epidemiological research in full, with an approach to the pathogenesis of EVALI, were selected. Results: The different constituents present in electronic cigarettes are involved in the development of EVALI as they age through different mechanisms, such as: changes in the structure and functions of the lung surfactant; accumulation of oil droplets in mucus, and alteration of the structure, function, and chemotaxis of cells that make up innate immunity, such as neutrophils and macrophages. Conclusions: Electronic cigarettes induce EVALI through different mechanisms due to the complexity of the composition of substances present in vapors. Clarifying the mechanisms of lung injury is pertinent for regulatory agencies to apply more stringent measures to electronic cigarettes in order to reduce the impact of exposure and cases of morbidity and mortality among young people and adults.
SIMILARITY-BASED ROUGH SET APPROACH IN INCOMPLETE INFORMATION SYSTEM USING POSSIBLE EQUIVALENT VALUE-SET
Authors: Mustafa Asma’ , (Corresponding Author) Rabiei Mamat , Mohd Nor Ahmad Shukri
Published: July 2024

Data analytics generally helps businesses or entities to make better and efficient decision making. But in the face of growing volume of data or information, it becomes challenging to achieve these goals. One of which is on classification of information with high accuracy. Furthermore, when the information is incomplete, definitely it is more challenging in order to classify the information with high accuracy. Although incomplete information is well discussed using rough set theory for data classification, such as based on tolerance and similarity relations, there are still issues on accuracy to evaluate data classification. The main objective of this paper is to introduce a new similarity approach with semantically justified based on possible equivalent value-set related to incomplete information systems. It is based on a classification of three semantics types of incomplete information i.e., “any value”, “maybe value” and “not applicable value” for modelling similarity. Subsequently, the similarity precision between objects in incomplete information systems is considered. The comparative studies and simulation results between the proposed approach in terms of accuracy on synthetic data, four well-known classification datasets and one real marine dataset are presented. The proposed approach improves the accuracy up to two orders of magnitude and, thus verifying its data classification accuracy.
Board diversity impact on corporate profitability and environmental, social, and governance performance: A study of corporate governance
Authors: Alotaibi Khaleed Omair , Al-Dubai Shehabaddin Abdullah Abdulwadod
Published: July 2024

With the growing interest in understanding how environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors interact and influence one another, as evidenced by increased attention from decision-makers, policymakers, stakeholders, investors, and corporate managers, this research aims to advance the existing literature on the subject (Ahmad et al., 2021; Al-Jaifi et al., 2023). This research aims to address a gap in the literature by examining the influence of board diversity (BD) in terms of board independence (BI) and gender diversity (GD) (i.e., female directors) on corporate ESG performance (ESGP), specifically considering the moderating effect of these two variables on the relationship between corporate profitability (CP) and ESGP. The analysis is based on a dataset encompassing 126 firm-year observations from 30 Saudi non-financial public listed companies spanning the period from 2013 to 2022. The results of the direct models show that CP has an insignificant negative impact, while BD, particularly in terms of independent directors and female directors, enhances ESGP. Moreover, the results from the moderation models indicate that while BI does not show a statistically significant positive impact on the relationship, GD demonstrates an insignificant negative effect on ESGP.
VERNAKULARISASI FIKIH SALAT: Studi Atas Kitab-Kitab Fasalatan di Jawa Abad XX
Authors: Jamaluddin Jamaluddin , Ansori Ansori , Affaf Mujahidah
Published: July 2024

Artikel ini berusaha mengungkapkan kitab-kitab fasalatan yang tersebar luas dan dipelajari oleh umat Islam di Jawa pada abad XX. Abad XX menjadi periode penting, saat mana teknologi cetak digunakan secara masif oleh muslim Indonesia, termasuk Jawa, untuk mencetak dan menerbitkan karya-karya tulis mereka. Salah satu karya yang banyak dicetak adalah kitab fasalatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data yang diperoleh dari sumber-sumber primer, seperti fasalatan karya kiai Raden Asnawi (Kudus), Fasalatan Lengkap Sabil al-Najah karya Kiai Ahmad Sakhawi Amin Pekalongan, fasalatan karya Kiai Musyawwir bin Haji Anwar Purworejo, Fasalatan al-Nur al-Mubin fi Adab al-Mushallin karya Kiai Misbah Mustofa Bangilan Tuban, Fasalatan Kiai ‘Alawi Shafwan dan Syiir Fasalatan Kiai Sya’rani bin Haji Shalih Magelang. Berdasarkan analisis historis, terungkap bahwa kitab fasalatan merupakan usaha yang dilakukan oleh kiai-kiai di Jawa dalam membumikan fikih salat sesuai dengan bahasa mereka (bahasa Jawa). Penyesuaian dari bahasa Arab ke dalam bahasa Jawa merupakan bentuk vernakularisasi. Dengan cara ini, akhirnya fasalatan menjadi mudah dipahami dan memainkan peran penting dalam membimbing umat Islam di Jawa dalam melaksanakan ibadah salat yang baik dan benar. Kitab-kitab fasalatan lahir dari ketekunan kiai-kiai yang kental dengan tradisi keilmuan pesantren, sehingga tuntunan salat yang disusun sesuai dengan fikih madzab Syafii, sebagaimana fikih arus utama yang berkembang dan dilestarikan di pesantren-pesantren di Jawa.
Kata Kunci: Vernakularisasi; fasalatan; fikih salat; kitab.
TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES OF RACIAL SLURS IN THE MOVIE '42' SUBTITLES
Authors: Nugroho Muhammad Aprianto Budie , Agustiana Vina , Budi Farid Faqih Kusuma
Published: July 2024

This research aimed to classify racism slurs translation techniques in the subtitles of the movie entitled 42 made by professional (Netflix) and fan subtitlers (Movieku). It applied a qualitative approach with a case study design. For analyzing the data, it used document analysis with the objects the movie transcripts and subtitles. The data were analyzed by using the theory of translation technique from Molina and Albir (2002). From the total 192 data (96 for each category) there were found 11 types of translation techniques applied, i.e.: amplification, compensation, description, established equivalent, literal translation, linguistic compression,
 modulation, naturalization borrowing, particularization, pure borrowing, and reduction.  The data show that both professional and fansub use more than one type of translation techniques that can be grouped into single (22.4%), duplet (58.8%), triplet (18.2%), and quartet group (0.5%). The frequency of occurrences of each group of the translation techniques in the professional subtitles are 20 times or 20.83% for single, 50 (52.08%) for duplet, 25 (26.04%) for triplet, and only 1 (1.04%) for quartet. In fansubs, there are 23 occurrences or 23.96% for single, 63 (65.62%) for duplet, 10 (10.41%) for triplet, and none for quartet. The result of this research is expected to be a reference for the other research with the same topic.
Blockchain statt Vertrauen?
Authors: Becker Ingrid
Published: July 2024

Vertrauenslosigkeit und damit Vertrauen gelten als Kategorien, die Blockchain- und digitale Technologien über Fragen der bekannten Bitcoin- Anwendung hinaus theoretisch interessant machen. Es zeigt sich jedoch, dass es schwierig wird, wenn wir von „(Nicht-)Vertrauen in die Blockchain“ sprechen. Ist es nicht oftmals eher Verlässlichkeit als Vertrauenswürdigkeit, auf deren Basis Bitcoin- Akteur:innen handeln? Ist Vertrauen in zwischenmenschlichen Beziehungen, das wir alltäglich konkret erleben und oft intuitiv verstehen, und das sich auf Institutionen und Professionen ausweiten kann, für die starre Blockchain-Technologie relevant? Und falls ja, auf welche Weise? Oder wird die Notwendigkeit für Vertrauen – wie es sich im Bitcoin-Whitepaper auf den ersten Blick lesen lässt – mit Bitcoin überflüssig? Sollten wir von einem Technologievertrauen sprechen, das, aufgrund der Unveränderlichkeit dessen, was in der Blockchain gespeichert ist, mit dem interpersonalen Vertrauensparadigma unvereinbar ist und damit eine tiefgreifende Transformation der sozialen Realitäten implizieren würde? Der hier unternommene Versuch, Vertrauen in Abgrenzung zu Sich-verlassen-auf, beide als philosophische Konzepte, im Blockchain-Kontext zu aktualisieren, bedeutet auch, Technologien in ihrer Verwobenheit mit sozial interpretierten Realitäten (des Vertrauens) zu verstehen.
Emanzipation und Kultur
Authors: Schendel Marco
Published: July 2024

In diesem Beitrag soll die kritische Weiterentwicklung des kantischen Aufklärungsbegriffs durch Moses Mendelssohn untersucht werden. Kant fasst die Aufklärung als Emanzipation auf: Kraft seines Verstandes befreit sich der Mensch aus den selbstverschuldeten Verhältnissen der Unmündigkeit. Der jüdische Aufklärer Mendelssohn macht darauf aufmerksam, dass die Kultur als identitätsstiftendes Moment des Einzelnen, aber auch als kollektive Eigenschaft einer Gesellschaft ebenso in Rechnung zu stellen ist. Insbesondere darf die Aufklärung nicht kulturfeindlich auftreten, indem sie die Emanzipation zum Preis der Entwurzelung aus einer angeblich rückständigen Kultur durchsetzt. Wie weit aber kann dieser Kulturvorbehalt gehen? In der folgenden Untersuchung zeigt sich, dass Mendelssohns Pochen auf die Kultur in der Tat einen blinden Fleck Kants berührt und eine entscheidende Erweiterung darstellt, die gleichfalls nicht allen Einwänden standhält. Im Ergebnis korrigieren sich Kant und Mendelssohn wechselseitig. Die Erkenntnis vertieft unser Verständnis der Aufklärung in systematischer Hinsicht.
Uticaj vrste elementa veze i lepka na cvrstocu ugaonih spojeva kod prozora: Deo 1
Authors: Simic Ivan , Dzincic Igor , Palija Tanja
Published: July 2024

In the article, the effect of the surface on the strength of the corner joint
on the window was analyzed. The corner joint on the window is made in the
variant with double and triple dowel and slot using PVaC adhesive. Samples
were made from pine tree (Pinus Nigra). For research purposes, a special
holder was made for the samples to enable testing according to the
EN514:2018 standard method. The aim of the work is to determine the
influence of the connection element on the strength of the corner joint of
the window when using PVaC glue. The samples were divided into 2 groups of
30 samples each, depending on the number of dowels. The standard methods of
statistical analysis were used. The test showed that the connection with
triple dowel and slot has higher breaking strength values compared to double
dowel and slot.
Wavelet transform generated inherent noise reference for adaptive filtering to de-noise pulse oximeter signals
Authors: Rao Bondala Venumaheswar , Krishna Ette , Reddy Komalla
Published: July 2024

As exemplified during the COVID-19 pandemic and in post-operative intensive care units, monitoring blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels is crucial in terms of assessing a patient?s health condition. Due to random movements of the subject, a pulse-oximeter-driven photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal becomes noisy while recording, with motion artefacts (MAs), which will disturb the morphological features, leading to incorrect SpO2 levels. The MA noise may contain either low- or high-frequency components, resulting in a scenario with inband and out-of-band noise. The reduction of in-band noise with an adaptive filter requires a reference signal, and an additional sensor such as an accelerometer is normally used in addition to the PPG sensor to capture the MAs. The present work focuses on the generation of a reference for inherent noise using a wavelet transform (WT), thereby eliminating the need for an external sensor. The computed values of the correlation coefficient and magnitude squared coherence are used to establish the validity of the generated inherent noise reference. Our WT-driven adaptive filtering method reduces MAs, simplifies the correct approximation of the SpO2 and heart rate, and also restores the respiratory components. The de-noised PPG signals presented here and a corresponding numerical study prove the usefulness of the proposed method, which has a worstcase accuracy of 0.5% in regard to SpO2 estimations.
Optimizing DC and RF characteristics of Pseudomorphic AlGaN/InGaN/GaN HEMT for GHZ application
Authors: Ahmad Neda , Rewari Sonam , Nath Vandana
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a design and in-depth analysis of DC and RF
characteristics of Pseudomorphic AlGaN/InGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility
Transistor (HEMT) for microwave application. Experimental data from an
AlGaN/InGaN/GaN HEMT is used to validate the simulation results based on the
Id-Vg curve and transconductance, demonstrating their close agreement.
Subsequently, the study focuses on investigating the impact of varying
device parameters namely Indium (In) proportion of InGaN, gate length,
source to gate length (Lsg) and gate to drain length (Lgd), and InGaN layer
thickness. Sequential analysis has been done for various device parameters
as a function of frequency. The results indicate that the device exhibits
optimal performance when configured with an Indium (In) proportion of 0.15,
a gate length of 0.40mm, an InGaN layer thickness of 2 nm and Lsg and Lgd of
1.15 mm, and 1.15 mm respectively shows f t 15.36 GHz and fmax 37 GHz which
is almost more than twice of the original calibrated device. These findings
provide valuable insights for designing devices with enhanced performance.
Geochemical evaluation of dolostone deposits in Montenegro: Implications for potential industrial applications
Authors: Bozovic Darko , Simic Vladimir , Radulovic Dragan , Radusinovic Slobodan , Matovic Vesna , Terzic Anja
Published: July 2024

Dolomite is a valuable mineral commodity with numerous industrial
applications. Dolostones are mineral resources with significant growth
potential. The study area encompasses south and central Montenegro.
Mineralogical, petrographic, geochemical, and technological properties were
investigated. Upper Cretaceous dolostones are compact and contain organic
matter, whereas Triassic dolostones are weathered dolomites without organic
matter. Both of formations displayed varying dolostone quality, prompting
the geological and technological classification of Montenegrin dolostones.
Upper Cretaceous dolostones are utilized in the building industry as
aggregate, dimension stone, and filler, whereas Triassic dolomites are not
suitable as dimension stone and have limited potential as aggregate. Both
dolostones can be utilized in the steel industry and agriculture, but not as
high-quality fillers when whiteness is a limitation, or for lime production
where chemical composition and grain size are regulated. This is the first
comprehensive study of geochemical evaluations of dolostone deposits in the
Balkans and their potential industrial use.
Hemoglobin A1c Genetics and Disparities in Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy in Individuals of Genetically Inferred African American/African British and European Ancestries
Authors: Mandla Ravi , Schroeder Philip H. , Florez Jose C. , Mercader Josep M. , Leong Aaron
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE

Individuals with diabetes who carry genetic variants that lower hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) independently of glycemia may have higher real, but undetected, hyperglycemia compared with those without these variants despite achieving similar HbA1c targets, potentially placing them at greater risk for diabetes-related complications. We sought to determine whether these genetic variants, aggregated in a polygenic score, and the large-effect African ancestry–specific missense variant in G6PD (rs1050828) that lower HbA1c were associated with higher retinopathy risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Using data from 29,828 type 2 diabetes cases of genetically inferred African American/African British and European ancestries, we calculated ancestry-specific nonglycemic HbA1c polygenic scores (ngA1cPS) composed of 122 variants associated with HbA1c at genome-wide significance, but not with glucose. We tested the association of the ngA1cPS and the G6PD variant with retinopathy, adjusting for measured HbA1c and retinopathy risk factors.

RESULTS

Participants in the bottom quintile of the ngA1cPS showed between 20% and 50% higher retinopathy prevalence, compared with those above this quintile, despite similar levels of measured HbA1c. The adjusted meta-analytic odds ratio for the bottom quintile was 1.31 (95% CI 1.0, 1.73; P = 0.05) in African ancestry and 1.31 (95% CI 1.15, 1.50; P = 6.5 × 10−5) in European ancestry. Among individuals of African ancestry with HbA1c below 7%, retinopathy prevalence was higher in individuals below, compared with above, the 50th percentile of the ngA1cPS regardless of sex or G6PD carrier status.

CONCLUSIONS

Genetic effects need to be considered to personalize HbA1c targets and improve outcomes of people with diabetes from diverse ancestries.
Ordem e progresso? Analisando as respostas brasileiras aos cibercrimes
Authors: Grilli Belinotte Mariana , Franco Goldoni Luiz Rogério , Devanny Joe , Coelho Carlos Frederico
Published: July 2024

The cyber threat has become an increasingly important issue in recent years. Although the problem is global, it affects some countries more than others. This is the case in Brazil, which has become a focal point for cyber attacks. The main goal of this article is to analyze the Brazilian state’s responses to high-profile cybercrimes. The article provides a contextual overview of how significant incidents have shaped Brazil’s legislative response to cybercrime, particularly in the General Data Protection Law and the Carolina Dieckmann Law. It contributes to a research agenda focused on analyzing how and why some activities are criminalized while others are not, and also helps to understand the priorities and perceptions of different states.
Standardization Of Rakik Maco By Ulakan Tapakis Padang Pariaman
Authors: Wahidzal Fajri , Andriani Cici , Fridayanti Lucy , Siregar Juliana
Published: July 2024

It was found that the quality of Rakik Maco differed from one seller to another. Like Rakik Maco's texture, some are fragile, some are tough and hard, some are thin and some are thick. In terms of color, there is Rakik Maco with a golden yellow color and a brownish yellow tone. In terms of taste, some are savory and some are bland. In processing Rakik Maco, sellers usually measure the ingredients using glass and some only look at the texture and viscosity of the dough, so the resulting quality varies, both in terms of texture, taste, aroma and color. Food quality is very important for Rakik Maco sellers to pay attention to. To maintain product quality, it is necessary to have appropriate standardization regarding the materials used, tools used and the process of making Rakik Maco.The focus of this research is the standardization of the Rakik Maco recipe in Ulakan Tapakis, Padang Pariaman Regency, which includes the measurements of ingredients and tools used, the manufacturing process and product quality (shape, color, aroma, texture and taste). To maintain product quality, standardization is necessary. Standardization is carried out regarding materials, tools and manufacturing processes. The quality of Rakik Maco can be seen from several aspects such as: shape, color, aroma, texture and taste. The following are the results of the Rakik Maco quality test: Rakik Maco has a thin round shape, with the use of a mold that makes Rakik Maco uniform and neat, the color of quality Rakik Maco is packaged yellow, the aroma of Rakik Maco is created from the distinctive aroma of rice flour and supported by the aroma of turmeric leaves , Rakik Maco has a crunchy texture, and Rakik Maco has a savory taste.
Polychromatism of all light waves and a new approach to the interpretation of fluorescence mechanisms; Idea of the fluorescent color monitor
Authors: Niewiadomska-Kaplar Justyna
Published: July 2024

In scientific literature it is considered that only white light is polychromatic and that it is composed of countless monochromatic waves. This research on light vision mechanisms in biosystems and on the mechanisms of formation of deficits in color discrimination [Nie22a] reveals that not only white light is polychromatic but all light waves are. This hypothesis brings numerous consequences, two of which we want to address in this work: - what does the peak indicating the polychromatic wavelength mean; - the presence of wavelengths shorter or longer than the incident one must not mean Stokes and anti-Stokes emissions but can be interpreted as the selective absorption/reflection mechanism of a compound radiation. Based on these considerations, the mechanisms of fluorescence are interpreted as: 1. Pseudo-fluorescence formed by the selective absorption/reflection of consecutive monochromatic components of polychromatic blue/violet light – spectral colors production; 2. Fluorescence formed by the selective reflection of non-consecutive monochromatic components of polychromatic blue/violet light – fluorescent color production. This new approach to the interpretation of fluorescence mechanisms is the theoretical starting point for project a fluorescent colors monitor.
Analysis of Natural Lighting Condition for the Digitization of Artwork in an Art Gallery Interior
Authors: Drofova Irena ,   Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Faculty of Applied Informatics, Adamek Milan ,   Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Faculty of Applied Informatics
Published: July 2024

The paper discusses the analysis of natural lighting conditions for digitizing art. The emphasis is on a realistic 3D digital reproduction of a work of art in natural lighting conditions in the interior of an art gallery. The art object is scanned and digitized in two natural lighting conditions. The photogrammetry method was used for a realistic 3D reconstruction of the artwork. This experiment aims to analyze the influence of lighting conditions on the quality of 3D reproduction of an art object concerning image processing and color reproduction. In this study, no accessories were used to increase the quality of the captured image, such as reflective and diffusive plates or lights to illuminate the art object. The art object was scanned and digitized in three natural lighting conditions. This study aims to analyze the influence of actual lighting conditions on the quality of a realistic digital 3D reproduction of a work of art.
Preservice science teachers’ cognitive structures regarding the cell and its organelles
Authors:   Department of Primary Education, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey. E-mail: yesimyener77@gmail.com, YENER Yeşim , YILMAZ Mustafa ,   Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey. E-maiI: mustafayilmazfen@gmail.com., KIRAS Burak ,   Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Bartın University, Bolu, Turkey. E-mail: burakkiras@gmail.com, ŞEN Mert ,   Department of Primary Education, İnönü University, Bolu, Turkey. E-mail: mert.sen@inonu.edu.tr
Published: July 2024

Learning the cell, one of the basic subjects of science education, by preservice teachers in a comprehensive way is important for making sense of its vital activities and teaching the subject in a meaningful way in the future. The study aimed to determine preservice science teachers' cognitive structures related to the cell and its organelles before and after the Biology course. The study group consists of 32 preservice science teachers. The single-group interrupted time series design was adopted in the study. Data were collected through the word association test. As a result of the data analysis, it was determined that some organelles could not be associated with other organelles, there was no knowledge about the peroxisome organelle before the intervention. It was observed that more comprehensive and interrelated cognitive structures were formed after the intervention and the peroxisome organelle was also added to this structure.