bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hotspots and trends in liver kinase B1 research: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Song Yaowen , Zhao Fangkun , Ma Wei , Li Guang
Published: November 2021

Introduction

In the past 22 years, a large number of publications have reported that liver kinase B1 (LKB1) can regulate a variety of cellular processes and play an important role in many diseases. However, there is no systematic bibliometric analysis on the publications of LKB1 to reveal the research hotspots and future direction.

Methods

Publications were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), Scopus, and PubMed databases. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to analysis the top countries, institutions, authors, source journals, discipline categories, references, and keywords.

Results

In the past 22 years, the number of LKB1 publications has increased gradually by year. The country, institution, author, journals that have published the most articles and cited the most frequently were the United States, Harvard University, Prof. Benoit Viollet, Journal of Biochemistry and Plos One. The focused research hotspot was the molecular functions of LKB1. The emerging hotspots and future trends are the clinical studies aboutLKB1and co-mutated genes as biomarkers in tumors, especially in lung adenocarcinoma.

Conclusions

Our research could provide knowledge base, frontiers, emerging hotspots and future trends associated with LKB1 for researchers in this field, and contribute to finding potential cooperation possibilities.
Application of sewage sludge combined with thiourea improves the growth and yield attributes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under arsenic-contaminated soil
Authors: Mansoora Nida , Kausar Shameem , Amjad Syeda Fasiha , Yaseen Samia , Shahid Huma , tul Kubra Khadija , Alamri Saad A. M. , Alrumman Sulaiman A. , Eid Ebrahem M. , Mustafa Ghulam , Ali Saleha Ahmed , Danish Subhan
Published: November 2021

Arsenic (As) contamination is a serious threat to agriculture and human health worldwide. It can adversely affect the growth attributes of food crops. On the other hand, using thiourea (TU) to ameliorate As stress is an economically consistent approach. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the combined use of TU and Sewage sludge (SS). SS is considered important, unutilized biomass. It can be used as a fertilizer that has high organic matter and nutrients. Therefore, the current study was performed to evaluate TU and SS sole and combined responses under As toxicity on two wheat genotypes (Markaz 19 and Ujala 16). There were four treatments control (As 50 mg kg-1), SS (30 g kg−1)+TU (6.5 mM)+As, TU+As and SS+As applied with four replications. Results revealed that SS+TU performed significantly better over SS, TU and control for improvement in root and shoot fresh and dry weight of wheat varieties Markaz 19 and Ujala 16 under As toxicity. A significant decrease in POD, SOD and APX of Markaz 19 and Ujala 16 also validated the effective functioning of SS+TU over control. The maximum increase of 71 and 77% was noted in phosphorus, where SS+TU was applied over control in Markaz 19 and Ujala 16, respectively. In conclusion, SS+TU is a better approach than the sole application of SS and TU under As contamination for improvement in wheat growth attributes. More investigations are recommended at the field level under different As contamination and agro-climatic zones to declare SS+TU an effective amendment to mitigate As toxicity in wheat.
The consequences of hesitation: Axelrod model with intrinsic noise
Authors: Perrier Rémi , Gandica Yérali , Hernández Laura
Published: November 2021

We study the influence of hesitating agents in the Axelrod model by introducing an intrinsic noise, which is proportional to the disagreement between the interacting agents, and thus coupled to the dynamics. Our results show that, unlike the effect of the cultural drift where the noise is just controlled by an external parameter, the intrinsic noise never allows the system to reach a frozen state in the thermodynamic limit. Moreover, we show that when the intrinsic noise affects the agents’ variables, the system’s behaviour is also different from the case when it affects the network of their interactions.
A comparison of fast growing broiler chickens with a slower-growing breed type reared on Higher Welfare commercial farms
Authors: Baxter Mary , Richmond Anne , Lavery Ursula , O’Connell Niamh E.
Published: November 2021

Slowing the growth of modern broiler chickens can have a positive effect on a number of welfare outcomes. However, relatively few studies have compared fast and slower growing broiler chickens reared under the same commercial conditions. The main aim of this study was to evaluate a slower growing breed and standard fast growing broilers on commercial farms. Ross 308 broilers and slower growing Hubbard Redbro broilers were housed on six farms for 17 production cycles. Production data were available for all cycles. Behaviour and environmental measures were taken over one cycle on each of two farms. The farms were visited during weeks 3–6 for both breeds and week 7 for Redbros. We found that breed had a significant effect on a number of measures, including gait score, latency to lie, feather cover, avoidance distances, perch use and play behaviour (p < 0.05). Gait scores were consistently lower among the Redbro flocks during weeks 4, 5, 6 and 7. Redbro broilers generally had longer latency to lie times, better feather cover, and were more reactive to approaching observers. They also showed higher levels of perch use and play. Despite these indications of improved locomotion and physical ability, we found little difference in their general behaviour. However, Redbro broilers did perform longer activity bouts in week 7 than Ross 308s in their final week. There was no effect of breed on dust levels, ammonia concentration or litter condition. Redbro broilers were slaughtered 5.5 days later than Ross 308 birds at a lower average weight (2.32 vs 2.52kg) and had lower mortality, fewer culls and fewer carcasses downgraded at the abattoir. Our results suggest that the slower growing strain was healthier throughout the cycle and more capable of displaying some natural behaviours.
Attract the best: The attraction effect as an effective strategy to enhance healthy choices
Authors: van den Enden Gitta , Geyskens Kelly
Published: November 2021

Every day, people make many food decisions without thinking, repeatedly falling for the unhealthy option instead of the healthy option. While making these mindless decisions, people often rely on heuristics. In this paper, we demonstrate that these heuristics can be exploited to nudge consumers towards healthy alternatives. Specifically, we explore how the attraction effect (i.e., adding a decoy to a choice set) can nudge people to choose a healthy snack. The results of our choice experiment indicate that adding a decoy (i.e., a less attractive food alternative) to a self-control situation (i.e., choosing between a healthy and an unhealthy food alternative) can help people maintain self-control and choose the healthy option. This mixed choice set thus nudges people towards the healthy option. Moreover, our results show differential effects of the attraction effect depending on the (un)healthiness of the products in the choice set. Specifically, the attraction effect is prominent when the choice set consists of unhealthy products only (i.e., the unhealthy choice set), but not in the choice set that consists of only healthy products (i.e., healthy choice set). Importantly, our results indicate when the attraction effect can exploit consumers’ heuristics to help them make better, healthier food choices.
Risk factors for early childhood disability in Bangladesh: Evidence from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019
Authors: Saha Shilpi Rani , Khan Md. Mobarak Hossain
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Early childhood is a vital part of human life because most of the brain developments occur in this particular period. Early childhood disability is a significant global public health burden, which can negatively impact the children’s quality of life and their overall productivity. It is also a major social and economic problem in Bangladesh. Therefore, it is very important to understand the associated factors for early childhood disability, which may help disability prevention, better management and policy formulation. The main objective of this study is to investigate the child, family, and community-level factors associated with early childhood disability in Bangladesh.

Methods

A cross sectional nationally representative data was derived from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), 2019. A total of 14,072 Bangladeshi children under five years of age were selected for this study. Various types of statistical analysis (simple, bivariate, multivariable) were performed. To assess the bivariate relationship between chosen categorical variables (independent) and early childhood disability (dependent), a chi-square test was used. The multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to find out the association of disability with child, family, and community-level factors.

Results

The results show that 2.0% of the children have at least one disability and 0.8% have more disabilities. Several factors namely not attending in early childhood education [Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.65; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.13–1.17 Ρ = 0.01], having mother’s functional difficulty (OR = 1.23; 95% (CI) = 0.58–1.88 Ρ <0.001), unhappy mother’s life (OR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.30–1.39 Ρ <0.001), parents without internet access (OR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.06–1.29 Ρ = 0.03) and parents using mobile phone (OR = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.09–0.95 Ρ = 0.02) were found to be important for early childhood disability in Bangladesh.

Conclusion

Early childhood disability is still neglected in Bangladesh and further epidemiological studies are recommended. The findings of this study may help policy makers and relevant stakeholders to develop interventions for reducing the overall burden of early childhood disability.
Restoring oak forests through direct seeding or planting: Protocol for a continental-scale experiment
Authors: Leverkus Alexandro B. , Levy Laura , Andivia Enrique , Annighöfer Peter , De Cuyper Bart , Ivetic Vladan , Lazdina Dagnija , Löf Magnus , Villar-Salvador Pedro
Published: November 2021

The choice of revegetating via direct seeding or planting nursery-grown seedlings influences the potential stresses suffered by seedlings such as herbivory and drought. The outcome of the balance between both revegetation methods may ultimately depend on how species identity and traits such as seed and seedling size interact with environmental conditions. To test this, we will conduct a continental-scale experiment consisting of one mini-experiment replicated by multiple participants across Europe. Each participant will establish a site with seeded and planted individuals of one or more native, locally growing oak (Quercus) species; the selection of this genus aims to favour continental-scale participation and to allow testing the response of a widely distributed genus of broad ecological and economic relevance. At each site, participants will follow the present protocol for seed collection, seeding in the field, nursery cultivation, outplanting, protection against herbivores, site maintenance, and measurement of seedling performance and environmental variables. Each measurement on each species at each site will produce one effect size; the data will be analysed through mixed-effects meta-analysis. With this approach we will assess the main effect of revegetation method, species, plant functional traits, and the potential effect of site-specific effect moderators. Overall, we will provide a continental-scale estimate on the seeding vs. planting dilemma and analyse to what extent the differences in environmental conditions across sites, seed size, functional traits, and the phylogenetic relatedness of species can account for the differences in the effect of revegetation method on seedling performance across study sites and species.
High levels of connectivity over large distances in the diadematid sea urchin Centrostephanus sylviae
Authors: Veliz David , Rojas-Hernández Noemi , Fibla Pablo , Dewitte Boris , Cornejo-Guzmán Sebastián , Parada Carolina
Published: November 2021

Most benthic marine invertebrates with sedentary benthic adult phases have planktonic larvae that permit connectivity between geographically isolated populations. Planktonic larval duration and oceanographic processes are vital to connecting populations of species inhabiting remote and distant islands. In the present study, we analyzed the population genetic structure of the sea urchin Centrostephanus sylviae, which inhabits only the Juan Fernández Archipelago and the Desventuradas islands, separated by more than 800 km. For 92 individuals collected from Robinson Crusoe and Selkirk Islands (Juan Fernández Archipelago) and San Ambrosio Island (Desventuradas Islands), 7,067 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained. The results did not show a spatial genetic structure for C. sylviae; relative high migration rates were revealed between the islands. An analysis of the water circulation pattern in the area described a predominant northward water flow with periods of inverted flow, suggesting that larvae could move in both directions. Overall, this evidence suggests that C. sylviae comprises a single large population composed of individuals separated by more than 800 km.
A Review of Organ Dose Calculation Tools for Patients Undergoing Computed Tomography Scans
Authors: Lee Choonsik
Published: November 2021

Background: Computed tomography (CT) is one of the crucial diagnostic tools in modern medicine. However, careful monitoring of radiation dose for CT patients is essential since the procedure involves ionizing radiation, a known carcinogen.Materials and Methods: The most desirable CT dose descriptor for risk analysis is the organ absorbed dose. A variety of CT organ dose calculators currently available were reviewed in this article.Results and Discussion: Key common elements included in CT dose calculators were discussed and compared, such as computational human phantoms, CT scanner models, organ dose database, effective dose calculation methods, tube current modulation modeling, and user interface platforms.Conclusion: It is envisioned that more research needs to be conducted to more accurately map CT coverage on computational human phantoms, to automatically segment organs and tissues for patient-specific dose calculations, and to accurately estimate radiation dose in the cone beam computed tomography process during image-guided radiation therapy.
US CIVIL WAR MENURUT FORREST CARTER
Authors: Sudiro Suryo , Abdul Karim Sayit , Juhansar Juhansar
Published: November 2021

A novel may reflect the political interests and actions of the author. The author can make a story that is purposed to alter common consciousness. This article uses historicism as an interpretation theory. Historicism is used to avoid careless interpretation. With historicism, the story written in the novel is matched with historical events written in some history books. Forrest Carter writes a lot about US Civil War. He, in purpose, does not write about slavery that is commonly read as the cause of the US Civil War. He writes a lot about the murder of women and children by the northern US army soldiers in southern districts. He also writes a lot about the cooperation of his white character with a Cherokee. Above all written by Forrest Carter, the influence of his life and his political interests are seen.
The Role of the Front Nahdliyin to Support Sovereignty over Natural Resources: Hadith Reception on Ecology
Authors: Saepudin Wahyu
Published: November 2021

The Front Nahdliyin for Sovereignty over Natural Resources (FNKSDA) is an organization concentrated on socio-ecological issues. FNKSDA bases its struggle on religious text, including hadith. Hadith generally recognized as part of an important learning resource in Islamic boarding schools (Pesantren) in Indonesia. This organization uses hadith and traditions of their Pesantren, to organize their ideas, interpretations, and organizational framework. This paper describes FNKSDA's ideas and responds in understanding hadith related to the socio-ecological issues. By using in-depth interview method this article finds that socio-ecological hadith are perceived with a synchronous reception. FNKSDA uses three construction elements in its acceptance theory called general norms. This research also finds some indirect relation between the reception of hadith in the present and in the Prophetic era, without any imaginary contradiction
Helping a Neighbour in Need: An Auto-ethnography of Lived Hadith Citizenship
Authors: Sahib Rizwan
Published: November 2021

This study presents specific ahadīth (sing. hadīth) which inform neighbourly relations on a day-to-day basis. I interpret my actions towards a neighbour, who was experiencing personal problems, as lived-hadīth citizenship. That is, my interactions with my neighbour were infused with Prophet Muhammad's teachings and instructions as found in ahadīth. Aspects of Prophetic wisdom, such as care and easing somebody’s burdens, align with contemporary sociological, anthropological, and psychological definitions of citizenship. This study thus shows that Islamic scripture has a positive role to play in Western societies, shaping daily behaviours such as being a good citizen in one’s neighbourhood.
Hadith of Women Leadership in the Qira'ah Mubadalah Approach
Authors: Yusriana Asri Ziyan , Abror Indal
Published: November 2021

Hadith become the source of both law in Islam, where textual and contextual application is used. Some hadith needed editors of the qur’an texts to get an understanding of the hadiths being studied. In this study, we adopted one hadiths which is still a public debate. The focus of this research is that of women’s leadership gifts to be studied by Mubadalah methods the one that was championed by Faqihuddin Abdul Qadir. Footsteps his research was to throne the hadith and to explain the terms and then apply traditional thought Mubadalah as a step to gaining an understanding of the hadith which did not affect women’s subornation anymore. Further explaining the roles that women have performed in public space the study concludes that basic Islamic principle used in the hadith is surah An-Nisa verse 59 and the surah at-taubah verse 71. In both the verse explained the reprisals for those who had faith and obedience to their leaders. Then the main idea when discovered applies the mubadalah method is either the lack of luck or luck a victory for nation. And the final step is to enter the subject which is there is no mention (men). Men could’ve done damage if he’d been a leader. The understanding given by the mubadalah method is how to make a hadith impression at all parties, not only one participant and costs other by using the passage of the qur’an as understanding.
The Dilemmas of Teaching Dilemmas in a Foreign Language Classroom
Authors: Ding Ai-Chu , Qu Pengtong , Glazewski Krista , Bae Haesol , Eruglec Fatih , Nadir Hamid , Brush Thomas
Published: November 2021

Problem-based learning (PBL) has been widely incorporated in STEM classrooms. Unfortunately, its effectiveness for foreign language teaching is less explored. This design case describes the design and implementation process of a Chinese PBL unit in a US elementary school along with the design considerations of teaching dilemma-centered instruction. We provide detailed accounts of our process of developing this PBL curriculum, learning materials, and the two rounds of implementations. We also reflected on the design process and examined the design dilemmas faced by this interdisciplinary design team. Findings show multiple design tensions, which include balancing the language and PBL teaching goals, balancing L1 and L2 use, and the communication challenges within a collaborative design project.
Sustainable Development Goals and Businesses
Authors: Kota Hima Bindu , Singh Gurinder , Mir Monir , Smark Ciorstan , Kumar Bhawna
Published: November 2021

Editorial, Sustainable Development Goals, Business, India, COVID 19,
Incorporating SDG 8 for Decent Work Practices: A study of MNC Subsidiaries in India
Authors: Khalique Fehmina , Madan Poornima , Puri Geetika , Parimoo Daleep
Published: November 2021

The objective of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 8) in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable development is to attain economic prosperity through Decent Work across the member nations of the United Nations. In order to achieve this goal in the next 10 years it is the responsibility of the Governments across the globe to work for its attainment by leveraging through its business houses and corporates at large. The target for decent work for all includes equal opportunities and equal pay for all that leads to economic development. India has already started working on the target by implementing various schemes attached to SDG 8 and to supplement it through organisations across the country that are including these SDG targets into their strategic goals and mission and vision statements up to a large extent. The current study delves into the role of Multi-National corporations (MNCs) operating out of India in incorporating workforce diversity, equal opportunity and inclusive growth of its employees by providing a decent work environment. The study focuses on 9 MNCs having headquarters in the United States of America and Europe and operating as subsidiaries in Delhi, NCR. The data was collected through secondary sources like websites, HR manuals and Annual reports. The data was qualitatively analysed and presented in the form of small cases for each MNC. These business conglomerates operate through best practices and policies. These practices are disseminated through Human Resource department that acts as a backbone for the MNCs. The study reveals that workforce diversity is prevalent in these MNCs and equal opportunity is also practiced. The implications of the current study are that other private and public enterprises or start-ups can take learning from these MNCs that form a benchmark for implementing workforce diversity in their operations. This will lead to achieving not only business goals but also help in building better economy for the country.
Learning Engagement and Its Influencing Factors Among High School Students in Economically Developed Areas in China
Authors: HOU Yongmei , Yingxin Cen
Published: November 2021

Objective: To explore the characteristics and its relevant factors of learning engagement among high school students in economically developed areas in China. Methods: 808 high school students in Guangdong Province were selected by stratified cluster sampling. They were investigated with Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student-Chinese Version (UWES-S-CV), Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES), Interpersonal Comprehensive Diagnostic Scale (ICDS), Short-Form Egna Minnen AV Barndoms Uppprostran (s-EMBU), Emotional Support Questionnaire for Middle School Students to Understand Teachers (ESQUT) and a self-compiled  general personal information questionnaire. Results: ⑴ The total score of UWES-S-CV, ASES, ICDS and the scores of three dimensions in UWES-S-CV, two subscales of ASES and four dimensions of ICDS, as well as the mother overprotection of s-EMBU were at the medium level. The total score of ESQUT and its four dimensions were at the medium high level. The scores of father’s and mother’s warmth of s-EMBU were at the high level, while the score of father’ negation, mother's negation and father's overprotection were at the low level. ⑵ Multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis showed that 12 factors such as student origin, school category, class category, learning interest, the teaching method used most commonly, mother's education level, learning behavior self-efficacy, learning ability self-efficacy, father's warmth, mother's warmth, care and encouragement were positively correlated with the total score of UWES-S-CV (β=.120~.433, all P<.01), while grade, family economic status, self-rated learning burden, communication and making friends, father’s negation and mother’s negation were negatively correlated with the total score of UWES-S-CV (β=-. 073~ -. 407, all P <. 05). Conclusion The learning engagement among high school students needs to be improved. Social environment, family rearing style, school education and teaching style, as well as individual factors may be the main influencing factors of high school students' learning engagement.
Zwischen Druckerpresse und indigenem kulturellem Erbe – Das Bibliothekswesen Kanadas
Authors: Spenger Annika
Published: November 2021

In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat sich das Bibliothekswesen Kanadas deutlich modernisiert und die Bibliotheken erfreuen sich großer Beliebtheit bei der Bevölkerung. Der Artikel liefert einen Überblick über die aktuellen Entwicklungen im Bibliothekswesen in Kanada. Exemplarisch werden diese Trends an unterschiedlichen Bibliothekstypen – den Nationalbibliotheken, den Universitätsbibliotheken und den Öffentlichen Bibliotheken – dargestellt. Darüber hinaus stehen die Besonderheiten in der bibliothekarischen Ausbildung und bei überregionalen Bibliotheksprojekten im Fokus der Darstellung.
Das Bibliothekswesen Polens – ein aktueller Überblick
Authors: Becker Chris
Published: November 2021

Der Beitrag beschreibt den Zustand des polnischen Bibliothekswesens anhand der aktuellsten Quellen. Er ist gegliedert in die Aspekte Grundlegendes, Typologie, Kooperationen und Ausbildung. „Grundlegendes“ beschreibt Eckdaten des polnischen Staates und die für Polen relevante Gesetzgebung. „Typologie“ umfasst eine Beschreibung der Bibliothekstypen in Polen. „Kooperationen“ stellt die polnischen Bibliothekars-Vereine und in Teilen die konstruktiven Deutsch-Polnischen Bibliothekskooperationen dar. Der Abschnitt „Ausbildung“ berichtet über die aktuelle Situation der Ausbildung von Bibliothekaren in Polen. Den Schluss bildet ein kurzer bewertender Vergleich zwischen dem deutschen und polnischen Bibliothekswesen.
Die Entwicklung der Digitalen Bibliotheken in Polen
Authors: Stachowiak Remigiusz
Published: November 2021

Ziel des Artikels ist, die rasante Entwicklung der Digitalen Bibliotheken in Polen vorzustellen. Im Fokus des Beitrags steht die Entwicklung der Digitalen Bibliotheken in Polen in den Jahren 2002 bis 2012. In diesem Zeitraum wurden die Weichen für die weitere Entwicklung der Digitalen Bibliotheken in Polen gestellt. Kennzeichnend für die Digitalen Bibliotheken in Polen war die frühe Entwicklung und Durchsetzung von Digitalisierungsstandards, die vom Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center maßgeblich geprägt wurden.
„We make knowledge come alive“ – Das Bibliothekswesen in Singapur
Authors: Rehberger Emilie
Published: November 2021

Singapurs Bibliothekswesen erfreute sich besonders zu Beginn der 2000er Jahre großer internationaler Aufmerksamkeit. Grund dafür waren die tiefgreifenden Strukturveränderungen, die der Stadtstaat in seiner Bibliothekslandschaft durch die Verabschiedung eines umfangreichen Bibliotheksgesetzes, dem National Library Board Act, vornahm. Die Kombination aus zentraler staatlicher Verwaltung, gesetzlicher Verankerung, guter finanzieller Ausstattung und dem Bewusstsein über die Bedeutung einer hohen Kundenorientierung, machen Singapurs Bibliothekswesen heute besonders im Bereich der Öffentlichen Bibliotheken zu einem der Modernsten weltweit. Neben den Öffentlichen sollen aber auch die Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken des Stadtstaats in diesem Beitrag betrachtet werden, um so einen vollumfänglichen Überblick über die Bibliothekslandschaft Singapurs zu geben.
Digitalisierungsprojekte zu Afghanistan
Authors: Aigner Bernhard
Published: November 2021

Dieser Aufsatz liefert einen kurzen Überblick über das afghanische Bibliothekswesen. Im Zentrum stehen dabei zwei Digitalisierungsprojekte. Nach dem Einmarsch der US-Truppen folgten bald auch US-amerikanische Bibliothekar*innen zur Aufbauhilfe. Zudem wurden zahlreiche Öffentliche und wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken gegründet. Mit der „Digital Foundation Strategy for Afghanistan“ der afghanischen Regierung für die Jahre 2019 bis 2022 hätte wieder eine neue Entwicklungsstufe des Landes erreicht werden können. Durch den Abzug der NATO-Truppen und der Rückkehr der Taliban steht dies alles jedoch nun auf der Kippe.
Arrival and proliferation of the invasive seaweed Rugulopteryx okamurae in NE Atlantic islands
Authors: Faria João , Prestes Afonso C.L. , Moreu Ignacio , Martins Gustavo M. , Neto Ana I. , Cacabelos Eva
Published: November 2021

The present study reports the recent occurrence and expansion of Rugulopteryx okamurae in the Azores archipelago (NE Atlantic). Morphological and molecular characters confirmed the species identification. Quick surveys around the island of São Miguel showed that it has successfully colonized the island and is quickly expanding. In some locations, R. okamurae is currently the dominant organism smothering all other benthic biota and posing a serious threat to the benthic ecosystems across the region. The species first record dates from 2019 near the main harbour of the island, suggesting that its introduction was driven by human-assisted transport, via boat ballast waters or adhered to ship hulls and likely originating from the Mediterranean populations that have been proliferating in recent years across the Strait of Gibraltar.
Thraustochytrids from the Red Sea mangroves in Saudi Arabia and their abilities to produce docosahexaenoic acid
Authors: Abdel-Wahab Mohamed A. , El-Samawaty Abd El-Rahim M.A. , Elgorban Abdallah M. , Bahkali Ali H.
Published: November 2021

This is the first study of thraustochytrids from the Red Sea coast in Saudi Arabia. One hundred and thirty-four isolates of thraustochytids were cultured from Al-Leith, Jeddah and Yanbu mangroves from this area, and were categorized into 38 morphotypes. Among the isolated thraustochytrids,Aurantiochytriumwas the most speciose genus, represented by 36 morphological types. Seventeen strains formed a distinct clade within the genusAurantiochytriumbased on phylogenetic analyses of 18S rDNA sequences. TheAurantiochytriumclade from the Middle East is characterized by the production of high levels of oleic and linoleic acids and may represent undescribed taxa. FourAurantiochytriumstrains were grown on large scale to study their ability to produce docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These strains produced biomass ranging from 37.7 to 66 g L−1and the percentages of oil ranged from 40 to 57.2% of the dry weight. Twenty-one fatty acids were recorded from the four strains which included: eight saturated four monounsaturated and nine polyunsaturated. Dominant fatty acids included C16:0 palmitic acid (24.14–37.02% total fatty acid (TFA)), C18:1ω9 oleic acid (3.01–25.07% TFA), C18:2ω6 linoleic acid (1.85–20.85% TFA) and C22:6ω3 DHA (4.87–16.5% TFA). DHA was the predominant polyunsaturated fatty acid in three strains, while linoleic acid was the predominant PUFAs in one strain.
Terahertz toroidal metasurface biosensor for sensitive distinction of lung cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Chiben , Xue Tingjia , Zhang Jin , Liu Longhai , Xie Jianhua , Wang Guangming , Yao Jianquan , Zhu Weiren , Ye Xiaodan
Published: November 2021

Lung cancer is the most frequently life-threatening disease and the prominent cause of cancer-related mortality among human beings worldwide, where poor early diagnosis and expensive detection costs are considered as significant reasons. Here, we try to tackle this issue by proposing a novel label-free and low-cost strategy for rapid detection and distinction of lung cancer cells relying on plasmonic toroidal metasurfaces at terahertz frequencies. Three disjoint regions are displayed in identifiable intensity-frequency diagram, which could directly help doctors determine the type of lung cancer cells for clinical treatment. The metasurface is generated by two mirrored gold split ring resonators with subwavelength sizes. When placing analytes on the metasurface, apparent shifts of both the resonance frequency and the resonance depth can be observed in the terahertz transmission spectra. The theoretical sensitivity of the biosensor over the reflective index reaches as high as 485.3 GHz/RIU. Moreover, the proposed metasurface shows high angular stability for oblique incident angle from 0 to 30°, where the maximum resonance frequency shift is less than 0.66% and the maximum transmittance variation keeps below 1.33%. To experimentally verify the sensing strategy, three types of non-small cell lung cancer cells (Calu-1, A427, and 95D) are cultured with different concentrations and their terahertz transmission spectra are measured with the proposed metasurface biosensor. The two-dimensional fingerprint diagram considering both the frequency and transmittance variations of the toroidal resonance dip is obtained, where the curves for different cells are completely separated with each other. This implies that we can directly distinguish the type of the analyte cells and its concentration by only single spectral measurement. We envisage that the proposed strategy has potential for clinical diagnosis and significantly expands the capabilities of plasmonic metamaterials in biological detection.
A. J. Greimas in the world: travels, translations, transmissions
Authors: Broden Thomas F.
Published: November 2021

This essay adopts a semiotic perspective focused on practices of communication, movement, and translation to examine the global impact of A. J. Greimas (1917–1992) and his oeuvre. The linguist and semiotician’s lecture trips abroad, the number and provenance of international students in his Paris seminar, and the chronology and linguistic geography of translations of his work help describe, gauge, and explain the dissemination and development of his ideas throughout the world. His project has engendered distinctive appropriations and at times productive institutional structures in a number of cultural and linguistic contexts, notably Romance, Anglo-American, Germanic, Russian, Lithuanian, and Chinese. The broader historical relations between France and other lands, and the extent of each society’s use of the French language have conditioned, fostered, or impeded responses to his proposals. The conclusion’s discussion of the relative importance of personal contacts, socio-historical context, and the sociolinguistic and pedagogical status of French for his international reception aims to contribute to general methodological debates in the history of science and ideas and in transnational history.
Effects of Lean Combustion on Bioethanol-Gasoline Blends using Turbocharged Spark Ignition Engine
Authors: Sm Rosdi , Mamat R. , Azri A. , Sudhakar K.
Published: November 2021

Liquid alternative fuels have been utilised as engine fuel since the 19th century. For several alternative fuels, bioethanol is well-known as the most suited friendly, alternative-product based and renewable for use in spark-ignition (SI) engines. In addition, it is well known that bioethanol has higher evaporation of heat, research octane number and flammability of temperature; therefore, it has a greater influence on performance and lower emission. In this study, the effect of gasoline fuel RON95 (G) was blended into bioethanol fuel (E10, E20 and E30) to investigate the engine combustion, performance and emission. The engine used was 1.8L Mitsubishi, four-cylinder, four-stroke, multipoint port injection and turbocharger SI. The engine speed used was 1000-3000 rpm at 10-40% load with wide-open throttle (WOT). The results showed that bioethanol addition to gasoline increases the brake torque at a higher load. The mass fraction burn (MFB) and coefficient of variation (COV) blend fuel and main fuel are comparable to each other. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) significantly increases when engine speed increases. The emission of nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions reduced dramatically compared to gasoline fuel. Indeed, bioethanol-gasoline fuel allows the engine utilised in low proportion to increase engine performance and lower engine emission.
Influence of the Replacement of Ungraded-PKS Aggregate on Properties of Lightweight Pervious Concrete
Authors: Md Jaafar Mohd Faizal , Ghazali Norhaiza , Muthusamy Khairunisa , Ab Wahab Ezahtul Shahreen , Ismail Azlina
Published: November 2021

Pervious concrete is not environmentally friendly due to presences of non-renewable material in its production. Pervious concrete has made a comeback as a green infrastructure and researchers came up with a proposal to use waste materials that potentially to work well as material in pervious concrete. The used of palm kernel shell (PKS) in pervious concrete is consider brilliant because Malaysia is of the larger oil palm producer in the world. In this study, natural aggregate was partially replaced by 0, 10, 15, and 20% by weight of PKS aggregate to produce lightweight pervious concrete based PKS. The testing conducted comprise of density, void content, compressive strength, and flexural strength. Inclusion of PKS aggregate reduces the mechanical properties of pervious concrete but significantly higher than recommended in the standard, utilizing some PKS aggregate as partial aggregate at up to 20% substitution level can produce lightweight PKS-pervious concrete. The pervious concrete containing 10% of PKS aggregate presented the most optimum mixture. Besides, the use of PKS as aggregate replacement in pervious concrete mixture indicates a good potential towards sourcing alternative sustainable materials for concrete.
Effect of adrenalectomy on remission of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in patients with pheochromocytoma: a speckle-tracking echocardiography study
Authors: Kvasnička Jan , Petrák Ondřej , Zelinka Tomáš , Klímová Judita , Kološov Barbora , Novák Květoslav , Michalský David , Widimský Jiří , Holaj Robert
Published: November 2021

Background

Pheochromocytomas (PHEO) are tumours with the ability to produce, metabolize and secrete catecholamines. Catecholamines overproduction leads to the decrease of longitudinal function of the left ventricle (LV) measured by speckle-tracking echocardiography. Patients with PHEO have a lower magnitude of global longitudinal strain (GLS) than patients with essential hypertension. GLS normalization is expected after resolution of catecholamine overproduction.

Methods

Twenty-four patients (14 females and 10 males) with a recent diagnosis of PHEO have been examined before and 1 year after adrenalectomy. An echocardiographic examination including speckle-tracking analysis with the evaluation of GLS and regional longitudinal strain (LS) in defined groups of LV segments (basal, mid-ventricular and apical) was performed.

Results

One year after adrenalectomy, the magnitude of GLS increased (−14.3 ± 1.8 to −17.7 ± 1.6%; P < 0.001). When evaluating the regional LS, the most significant increase in the differences was evident in the apical segment compared to mid-ventricular and basal segments of LV (−5.4 ± 5.0 vs −1.9 ± 2.7 vs −1.6 ± 3.8; P < 0.01).

Conclusions

In patients with PHEO, adrenalectomy leads to an improvement of subclinical LV dysfunction represented by the increasing magnitude of GLS, which is the most noticeable in apical segments of LV.
From Research to Policy: Reopening K–12 Schools in North Carolina During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zimmerman Kanecia O. , Jackman Jennifer G. , Benjamin Daniel K.
Published: November 2021

School-aged children experienced substantial challenges to health and well-being as a result of school-building closures due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. In hopes of supporting equitable and safe school reopening for every student across North Carolina (NC) and improving child health, researchers from Duke University and the University at North Carolina at Chapel Hill established the ABC Science Collaborative (ABCs) in July 2020. The ABCs collected data related to in-school severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission and adherence to mitigation strategies. These data were presented to NC government officials, including the NC Department of Health and Human Services, the NC Department of Public Instruction, and Democratic and Republican representatives from the NC General Assembly. These data-sharing practices led to the implementation of in-person school legislation in early 2021 in which in-person school access for every student was required, the full-time in-person reopening of NC public schools was supported, and weekly reporting to the ABCs of coronavirus disease 2019 infections from >1 000 000 children and adults was required.
Secondary Transmission of COVID-19 in K–12 Schools: Findings From 2 States
Authors: Boutzoukas Angelique E. , Zimmerman Kanecia O. , Benjamin Daniel K. , DeMuri Gregory P. , Kalu Ibukunoluwa C. , Smith Michael J. , McGann Kathleen A. , Koval Shawn , Brookhart M. Alan , Butteris Sabrina M.
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES

We evaluated the impact of distancing practices on secondary transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the degree of sports-associated secondary transmission across a large diverse cohort of schools during spring 2021.

METHODS

Participating districts in North Carolina and Wisconsin and North Carolina charter schools offering in-person instruction between March 15, 2021 and June 25, 2021 reported on distancing policies, community- and school-acquired infections, quarantines, and infections associated with school-sponsored sports. We calculated the ratio of school-acquired to community-acquired infection, secondary attack rates, and the proportion of secondary transmission events associated with sports. To estimate the effect of distancing and bus practices on student secondary transmission, we used a quasi–Poisson regression model with the number of primary student cases as the denominator.

RESULTS

During the study period, 1 102 039 students and staff attended in-person instruction in 100 North Carolina school districts, 13 Wisconsin school districts, and 14 North Carolina charter schools. Students and staff had 7865 primary infections, 386 secondary infections, and 48 313 quarantines. For every 20 community-acquired infections, there was 1 within-school transmission event. Secondary transmissions associated with school sports composed 46% of secondary transmission events in middle and high schools. Relaxed distancing practices (<3 ft, 3 ft) and increased children per bus seat were not associated with increased relative risk of secondary transmission.

CONCLUSIONS

With universal masking, in-person education was associated with low rates of secondary transmission, even with less stringent distancing and bus practices. Given the rates of sports-associated secondary transmission, additional mitigation may be warranted.
Quarantine Elimination for K–12 Students With Mask-on-Mask Exposure to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Boutzoukas Angelique E. , Zimmerman Kanecia O. , Benjamin Daniel K. , Chick Kevin J. , Curtiss Jake , Høeg Tracy Beth
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES

With layered mitigation strategies, there are low rates of secondary transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; therefore, quarantine after close-contact exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the kindergarten through 12th grade (K–12) setting further disrupts in-person learning with uncertain benefit. We explored the impact of eliminating quarantine for students with mask-on-mask exposures to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on associated secondary transmission in schools.

METHODS

This observational study was conducted in a large K–12 public school district in Omaha, Nebraska (August 1, 2020, to March 15, 2021). We assessed primary and secondary COVID-19 infections in teachers and staff, frequency of quarantine for students and staff, and the impact of eliminating quarantine on secondary transmission in mask-on-mask exposure settings.

RESULTS

A total of 18 632 and 19 604 students and 2855 staff attended in-person learning in the fall and spring semesters, respectively; 1856 primary infections were among students and staff. Despite 3947 student quarantines in the fall and 1689 student quarantines in the first 10 weeks of spring semester instruction, there were only 2 cases of secondary transmission. A local policy change removed quarantine requirements for students with mask-on-mask exposure to COVID-19. Required quarantines in the spring semester reduced by 41% per primary infection compared with the fall; no student who qualified to avoid quarantine developed a secondary infection.

CONCLUSIONS

School-based COVID-19 transmission was exceptionally low in this large K–12 Nebraska school district. Elimination of student quarantine after masked exposure to COVID-19 within school was not associated with secondary transmission. Elimination of unnecessary quarantine elimination may help maximize in-person learning in the 2021–2022 school year.
Design-Based Research in der Geographiedidaktik
Authors: Feulner Barbara , Hiller Jan , Servene Pola
Published: November 2021

Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet den forschungsmethodologischen Ansatz des Design-Based Research (DBR) aus der fachdidaktischen Perspektive der Geographie. Das Verständnis von Kernelementen und Besonderheiten des DBR wird theoretisch diskutiert und anhand von Erkenntnissen aus vier geographiedidaktischen DBR-Projekten geschärft und konkretisiert. Argumentativ dargelegt werden die Kernelemente: Praxisproblemdefinition, Design-Prinzipien, Design-Zyklen und doppelter Output. Ein weiterentwickeltes Verlaufsmodell des DBR-Forschungsprozesses visualisiert neben dem zyklischen Verlauf die beiden Bereiche “Praxisproblem” und “doppelter Output”, welche durch die Phase des Praxistransfers miteinander verknüpft sind. Der Umgang mit DBR-spezifischen Herausforderungen wird durch die Diskussion von drei forschungsmethodologischen Besonderheiten erläutert, wobei ein Fokus auf Umsetzungsstrategien für den eben genannten Praxistransfer liegt. Abschließend wird aufgezeigt, wie die dargelegten Charakteristika von DBR handlungsleitend für weitere Forschungsprojekte sein können und damit zur Überwindung der Theorie-Praxis-Lücke im Kontext der Bildungsforschung und schulischen Praxis beitragen.
Tadeusz Matuszewicz – twórca czy grabarz Konfederacji Generalnej Królestwa Polskiego?
Authors:   Dr, Instytut Historii, Uniwersytet Śląski, Katowice, Polska, Rychel-Mantur Dominika
Published: November 2021

The day before of Franco-Russian 1812 war, on June 28th the Seym of the Duchy of Warsaw established the General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland, which restored the Kingdom of Poland. Tadeusz Matuszewicz, the Minister of Revenue and the Treasury, expressed the already famous words: “So Poland will arise. What am I saying? There is Poland now, or rather it has never ceased to be”, which caused patriotic euphoria and movement among the members in the Seym chamber. Members of the Confederation, which Napoleon understood as an armed uprising, having no powers, soon lost their enthusiasm, and their activity was actually publishing propaganda brochures. After defeat in Russia, Napoleon blamed the failure on his ambassador in the Duchy of Warsaw, Dominique de Pradt, who started to critise the government of the Duchy of Warsaw. This article presents the role of Tadeusz Matuszewicz in the establishment and final failure of the General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland.