bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study on Subtractive Manufacturing and Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Sathish K. , Kumar S. Senthil , Magal R. Thamil , Selvaraj V. , Narasimharaj V. , Karthikeyan R. , Sabarinathan G. , Tiwari Mohit , Kassa Adamu Esubalew
Published: April 2022

In recent days, additive manufacturing (AM) plays a vital role in manufacturing a component compared to subtractive manufacturing. AM has a wide advantage in producing complex parts and revolutionizing logistics panorama worldwide. Many researchers compared this emerging manufacturing methodology with the conventional methodology and found that it helps in meeting the demand, designing highly complex components, and reducing wastage of materials, and there are a wide variety of AM processes. The process of making the components in full use of technology with several manufacturing applications to meet the above is studied along with the properties of AM, and subsequently, the advantages of AM over the subtractive methods are described. In this paper, the achievements in this manner with considerable gains are studied and are concluded as a paradigm shift to fulfil the AM potential.
Application of Garment Customization System Based on AR Somatosensory Interactive Recognition Imaging Technology
Authors: Tao Wenjuan
Published: April 2022

In order to realize the popularization of customized clothing and augmented reality technology (AR), a design scheme of clothing customization system based on AR somatosensory interactive recognition imaging technology is proposed and studied. Using software such as 3ds Max and Clo3d, the modeling of the human body model and the clothing model is realized, and the clothing deformation algorithm based on the input posture of the human body is applied to deform the clothing model, which presents the physical characteristics of the virtual clothing more realistically. At the same time, the image acquisition equipment is used to obtain the real image, and the clothing image transfer algorithm is used to superimpose the virtual clothes and the real image. The position of the joint points of the human body is obtained through the feature extraction technology, and the scaling ratio of the virtual clothing is calculated, so that the virtual clothes and the real image are closely combined. The 3D human modeling technology can obtain all the data from the human body in 10 to 30 seconds and create the most suitable clothes according to the parameters, which can be applied to different fields such as tailoring, personalized clothing customization, and 3D fitting, combined with the G-ERP system. The integration of online body measurement, clothing design, plate making and production is realized.
Analysis of Physical Test Indexes of College Students Based on Data Mining Model
Authors: Suo Junwu , Guo Cuixiang , Wang Guifang
Published: April 2022

This paper takes the physical fitness test data and the physical health self-assessment data as the research objects. The decision tree algorithm is used to construct a decision tree model for students who fail to meet the physical test. Thus, the classification of students with different physical qualities is realized. The association rule Apriori algorithm is used to mine the association of physical fitness test indexes so as to judge the hidden law between students' physical fitness and behavior habits and get the correlation information of various physical health indexes. The back propagation (BP) neural network algorithm is used to establish the physical fitness test prediction model. By using these data mining models, this paper explores the hidden association information in college students' physical test data, which can provide more scientific and effective guidance for students' physical tests.
Research on Big Data Text Clustering Algorithm Based on Swarm Intelligence
Authors: Li Xiaorong , Shu Zhinian
Published: April 2022

In order to break through the limitations of current clustering algorithms and avoid the direct impact of disturbance on the clustering effect of abnormal big data texts, a big data text clustering algorithm based on swarm intelligence is proposed. According to the characteristics of swarm intelligence, a differential privacy protection model is constructed; At the same time, the data location information operation is carried out to complete the location information preprocessing. Based on KD tree division, the allocation of the differential privacy budget is completed, and the location information is clustered by dimension reduction. Based on the result of the location information dimension reduction clustering, a differential privacy clustering algorithm is proposed to maximize the differentiation of the clustering effect. Select the fuzzy confidence and support thresholds to extract the associated features, use the features to determine the big data text targets to be clustered, establish a target decision matrix, determine the clustering targets, and obtain the target weights, the obtained membership, and the decision results. Realize the effective clustering of big data text based on swarm intelligence. The experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively realize the high-efficiency clustering of big data texts, and the clustering time is short, and it has a good clustering effect.
Characteristics of Seepage Barriers in Fluvial Reservoirs of Meandering Rivers and Their Impacts on Water Injection Development: A Case Study of Neogene Guantao Formation in Block M, Gudao Oilfield
Authors: Liu Ruhao , Sun Yu , Wang Xinrui , Yan Baiquan , Yu Haitao
Published: April 2022

To deepen our understanding of reservoir heterogeneity, seepage barriers in the study area were divided into interlayer, intralayer, and planar levels based on their spatial distribution characteristics and then investigated by taking the third member of the Neogene Guantao Formation in the block M of the Gudao oilfield as an example. Based on their genesis characteristics, the interlayer seepage barriers were divided into the overbank sand-overbank sand type, overbank sand-channel type, isolated channel superposition type, and channel shallow-cut type. The planar seepage barriers were categorized into the channel boundary type, abandoned channel type, channel-overbank sand type, and floodplain mudstone type. The intralayer seepage barriers were classified into the mudstone type and physical property type. Classifying multiple levels of different types of seepage barriers led to the refinement of their spatial characteristics. The strength of seepage barriers was characterized using the “seepage barrier coefficient” and “reservoir quality coefficient,” and the small-valued coefficients of the interlayer and intralayer seepage barriers indicated that these seepage barriers are characterized by large thickness, high mudstone content, poor physical properties, and weak seepage ability. The strength of the planar seepage barriers was dependent on the sedimentary facies types and channel stages, and the difference between planar seepage barriers was characterized using the reservoir quality coefficient. The seepage barriers were described based on the multilevel classification of seepage barrier categories, the intralayer seepage barriers with a lateral accretion pattern in the meandering river point bars were identified and described, and the distribution characteristics of seepage barriers were summarized at multiple levels. The method of “hierarchical analysis, skeleton construction, and category fitting” was used to establish 3D models of different levels of seepage barriers, and a modeling method based on the characteristics of intralayer seepage barriers under the constraint of architecture pattern was used to model intralayer seepage barriers with a lateral accretion pattern. In the monitoring of water injection profiles, it was found that the extent of blockage achieved by seepage barriers affects the water injection volume and thus controls the fluid transport pattern. Due to the development characteristics of the seepage barrier in the formation, there are some differences in injection production efficiency under different well pattern matching modes. The research on the distribution characteristics of different levels of seepage barrier categories provides a reliable geological basis for improving the injection-production relationship.
Blockchain-Based Dangerous Driving Map Data Cognitive Model in 5G-V2X for Smart City Security
Authors: Chen Kai , Xu Cheng , Liu Hongzhe , Wang Pengfei , Chen Ziyi
Published: April 2022

The development of 5G network communication has brought technological innovation to smart city communication, making the realization of V2X (vehicle to everything) technology possible. Vehicles wirelessly communicate with other vehicles, sensors, pedestrians, and roadside units, raising data security issues while driving. In order to ensure driving safety, the risk map cognitive model is established with the help of blockchain technology. In this model, the key map data and personal privacy information are encrypted and uploaded to form a blockchain, and the smart contract technology is used for automatic script processing. Then, according to different risk scenarios, cognitive learning is carried out for different risk levels, the cognitive results and corresponding operations are fed back to the intelligent vehicle, and these operations ensure the safe operation of the vehicle according to the intelligent vehicle. Finally, the feasibility of the model was verified by comparing different dangerous scenarios. The experimental results show that this risk cognition model can cognize the data of the intelligent vehicle according to different danger scenarios, and the model can transmit acceleration, deceleration, braking, and other behaviors to the intelligent vehicle to ensure smart city driving safety.
An Efficient Energy Management Scheme for an Islanded DC Microgrid with Hybrid VRFB System
Authors: Hameed S. , Prabhakar Reddy I. , Ganesh V , rai Vadde Aruna
Published: April 2022

This paper presents an efficient energy management scheme for an islanded DC microgrid included with vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) with supercapacitor based hybrid energy storage system for a 3-phase variable load profile. The analysed islanded DC microgrid system is composed with sources such as lithium-ion batteries, fuel cell, supercapacitors, and vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), along with involved DC/DC (buck, boost, and bidirectional) and DC/DC converters. In this paper, an adaptive proportional plus integral (PI) control based energy management scheme is implemented. The main theme on which the performance of this system is analysed is the state of charge of energy storage devices (VRFB, supercapacitor, and Li-ion battery) and the overall efficiency of system. The voltage spikes due to sudden change in load have been regulated by using supercapacitor and Li-ion battery with VRFB. To minimize the fuel consumption, an adaptive proportional plus integral control strategy is being used. In this paper the modelling and simulations are carried out by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software to demonstrate minimizing the effect of load fluctuations with the help of supercapacitor and batteries by synchronizing it to the DC microgrid.
Fast Recognition Algorithm for Human Motion Posture Using Multimodal Bioinformation Fusion
Authors: Zhao Xiangbing , Zhou Jianhui
Published: April 2022

To address the problems of low feature extraction accuracy, large bias of human motion pose recognition and posture recognition error, poor recognition effect, and low recognition rate of traditional human motion posture fast recognition algorithm, we propose a human motion posture fast recognition algorithm using multimodal bioinformation fusion. First, wavelet packet decomposition with sample entropy is used to extract the human motion posture hand features such as kurtosis, time domain feature skewness, and frequency domain feature electromyogram (EMG) integral value and time domain features such as mean, standard deviation, and interquartile distance of leg motion amplitude. Second, after normalizing the two features, the human hand and leg motion feature set is obtained, and finally the feature set is used to construct a human motion posture fast recognition model based on multimodal bioinformation fusion, and the feature set is input into the recognition model, which completes the fusion of human motion posture information by improving the typical correlation analysis method, and the fusion result is used as the input of the minimum distance classifier to achieve human motion posture fast recognition. The results show that the proposed algorithm has high accuracy of feature extraction, small bias of human motion posture recognition, the posture recognition error is -0.21∼0.02, the recognition rate is always above 95%, and the practical application effect is good.
Perturbed Galerkin Method for Solving Integro-Differential Equations
Authors: Issa K. , Biazar J. , Agboola T. O. , Aliu T.
Published: April 2022

In this paper, perturbed Galerkin method is proposed to find numerical solution of an integro-differential equations using fourth kind shifted Chebyshev polynomials as basis functions which transform the integro-differential equation into a system of linear equations. The systems of linear equations are then solved to obtain the approximate solution. Examples to justify the effectiveness and accuracy of the method are presented and their numerical results are compared with Galerkin’s method, Taylor’s series method, and Tau’s method which provide validation for the proposed approach. The errors obtained justify the effectiveness and accuracy of the method.
Phosphatidylserine Synthase PTDSS1 Shapes the Tumor Lipidome to Maintain Tumor-Promoting Inflammation
Authors: Sekar Divya , Dillmann Christina , Sirait-Fischer Evelyn , Fink Annika F. , Zivkovic Aleksandra , Baum Natalie , Strack Elisabeth , Klatt Stephan , Zukunft Sven , Wallner Stefan , Descot Arnaud , Olesch Catherine , da Silva Priscila , von Knethen Andreas , Schmid Tobias , Grösch Sabine , Savai Rajkumar , Ferreirós Nerea , Fleming Ingrid , Ghosh Sourav , Rothlin Carla V. , Stark Holger , Medyouf Hind , Brüne Bernhard , Weigert Andreas
Published: April 2022

An altered lipidome in tumors may affect not only tumor cells themselves but also their microenvironment. In this study, a lipidomics screen reveals increased amounts of phosphatidylserine (PS), particularly ether-PS (ePS), in murine mammary tumors compared with normal tissue. PS was produced by phosphatidylserine synthase 1 (PTDSS1), and depletion of Ptdss1 from tumor cells in mice reduced ePS levels accompanied by stunted tumor growth and decreased tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) abundance. Ptdss1-deficient tumor cells exposed less PS during apoptosis, which was recognized by the PS receptor MERTK. Mammary tumors in macrophage-specific Mertk−/− mice showed similarly suppressed growth and reduced TAM infiltration. Transcriptomic profiles of TAMs from Ptdss1-knockdown tumors and Mertk−/− TAMs revealed that macrophage proliferation was reduced when the Ptdss1/Mertk pathway was targeted. Moreover, PTDSS1 expression correlated positively with TAM abundance but negatively with breast carcinoma patient survival. PTDSS1 thus may be a target to modify tumor-promoting inflammation.

Significance:

This study shows that inhibiting the production of ether-phosphatidylserine by targeting phosphatidylserine synthase PTDSS1 limits tumor-associated macrophage expansion and breast tumor growth.
PreclinicalIn VivoValidation of the RAD51 Test for Identification of Homologous Recombination-Deficient Tumors and Patient Stratification
Authors: Pellegrino Benedetta , Herencia-Ropero Andrea , Llop-Guevara Alba , Pedretti Flaminia , Moles-Fernández Alejandro , Viaplana Cristina , Villacampa Guillermo , Guzmán Marta , Rodríguez Olga , Grueso Judit , Jiménez Jose , Arenas Enrique J. , Degasperi Andrea , Dias João M.L. , Forment Josep V. , O'Connor Mark J. , Déas Olivier , Cairo Stefano , Zhou Yinghui , Musolino Antonino , Caldas Carlos , Nik-Zainal Serena , Clarke Robert B. , Nuciforo Paolo , Díez Orland , Serres-Créixams Xavier , Peg Vicente , Espinosa-Bravo Martín , Macarulla Teresa , Oaknin Ana , Mateo Joaquin , Arribas Joaquín , Dienstmann Rodrigo , Bellet Meritxell , Oliveira Mafalda , Saura Cristina , Gutiérrez-Enríquez Sara , Balmaña Judith , Serra Violeta
Published: April 2022

PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are approved drugs for platinum-sensitive, high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and for breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancers (PaC) harboring genetic alterations impairing homologous recombination repair (HRR). Detection of nuclear RAD51 foci in tumor cells is a marker of HRR functionality, and we previously established a test to detect RAD51 nuclear foci. Here, we aimed to validate the RAD51 score cut off and compare the performance of this test to other HRR deficiency (HRD) detection methods. Laboratory models from BRCA1/BRCA2-associated breast cancer, HGSOC, and PaC were developed and evaluated for their response to PARPi and cisplatin. HRD in these models and patient samples was evaluated by DNA sequencing of HRR genes, genomic HRD tests, and RAD51 foci detection. We established patient-derived xenograft models from breast cancer (n = 103), HGSOC (n = 4), and PaC (n = 2) that recapitulated patient HRD status and treatment response. The RAD51 test showed higher accuracy than HRR gene mutations and genomic HRD analysis for predicting PARPi response (95%, 67%, and 71%, respectively). RAD51 detection captured dynamic changes in HRR status upon acquisition of PARPi resistance. The accuracy of the RAD51 test was similar to HRR gene mutations for predicting platinum response. The predefined RAD51 score cut off was validated, and the high predictive value of the RAD51 test in preclinical models was confirmed. These results collectively support pursuing clinical assessment of the RAD51 test in patient samples from randomized trials testing PARPi or platinum-based therapies.

Significance:

This work demonstrates the high accuracy of a histopathology-based test based on the detection of RAD51 nuclear foci in predicting response to PARPi and cisplatin.
Single-Hit Inactivation Drove Tumor Suppressor Genes Out of the X Chromosome during Evolution
Authors: Wang Xiansong , Hu Wei , Li Xiangchun , Huang Dan , Li Qing , Chan Hung , Zeng Judeng , Xie Chuan , Chen Huarong , Liu Xiaodong , Gin Tony , Wang Maggie Haitian , Cheng Alfred Sze Lok , Kang Wei , To Ka-Fai , Plewczynski Dariusz , Zhang Qingpeng , Chen Xiaoting , Chan Danny Cheuk Wing , Ko Ho , Wong Sunny Hei , Yu Jun , Chan Matthew Tak Vai , Zhang Lin , Wu William Ka Kei
Published: April 2022

Cancer-related genes are under intense evolutionary pressure. In this study, we conjecture that X-linked tumor suppressor genes (TSG) are not protected by the Knudson's two-hit mechanism and are therefore subject to negative selection. Accordingly, nearly all mammalian species exhibited lower TSG-to-noncancer gene ratios on their X chromosomes compared with nonmammalian species. Synteny analysis revealed that mammalian X-linked TSGs were depleted shortly after the emergence of the XY sex-determination system. A phylogeny-based model unveiled a higher X chromosome-to-autosome relocation flux for human TSGs. This was verified in other mammals by assessing the concordance/discordance of chromosomal locations of mammalian TSGs and their orthologs in Xenopus tropicalis. In humans, X-linked TSGs are younger or larger in size. Consistently, pan-cancer analysis revealed more frequent nonsynonymous somatic mutations of X-linked TSGs. These findings suggest that relocation of TSGs out of the X chromosome could confer a survival advantage by facilitating evasion of single-hit inactivation.

Significance:

This work unveils extensive trafficking of TSGs from the X chromosome to autosomes during evolution, thus identifying X-linked TSGs as a genetic Achilles' heel in tumor suppression.
Understanding Drug Sensitivity and Tackling Resistance in Cancer
Authors: Tyner Jeffrey W. , Haderk Franziska , Kumaraswamy Anbarasu , Baughn Linda B. , Van Ness Brian , Liu Song , Marathe Himangi , Alumkal Joshi J. , Bivona Trever G. , Chan Keith Syson , Druker Brian J. , Hutson Alan D. , Nelson Peter S. , Sawyers Charles L. , Willey Christopher D.
Published: April 2022

Decades of research into the molecular mechanisms of cancer and the development of novel therapeutics have yielded a number of remarkable successes. However, our ability to broadly assign effective, rationally targeted therapies in a personalized manner remains elusive for many patients, and drug resistance persists as a major problem. This is in part due to the well-documented heterogeneity of cancer, including the diversity of tumor cell lineages and cell states, the spectrum of somatic mutations, the complexity of microenvironments, and immune-suppressive features and immune repertoires, which collectively require numerous different therapeutic approaches. Here, we describe a framework to understand the types and biological causes of resistance, providing translational opportunities to tackle drug resistance by rational therapeutic strategies.
Early Insights into Cancer Epigenetics: Gene Promoter Hypermethylation Emerges as a Potential Biomarker for Cancer Detection
Authors: Clark Susan J. , Molloy Peter L.
Published: April 2022

DNA methylation is one of the most intensely studied epigenetic modifications in mammals. In normal cells, it plays an essential role in core biologic processes by assuring the proper regulation of gene expression and stable gene silencing. In cancer cells, genome-wide DNA methylation patterns are altered and often represent an early and fundamental step in neoplastic transformation. The landmark study from Esteller and colleagues, published in Cancer Research in 2001, was the first to reveal high frequency promoter methylation across multiple cancer types. They highlighted that widespread alterations in DNA methylation may be a key characteristic of oncogenesis and proposed aberrant DNA methylation of gene promoters could provide markers for sensitive detection of nearly all cancer types. The authors used a candidate gene approach to show promoter hypermethylation occurred across 12 cancer-associated genes in DNA from over 600 primary tumor samples, representing 15 major tumor types. The profile of promoter hypermethylation differed in every tumor type, suggesting that alterations in DNA methylation are pervasive, but the genes affected may be tumor-specific and impact multiple signaling pathways. Over the past 20 years since this publication, the cancer epigenetics field has exploded to generate thousands of normal and cancer methylome maps and developed sophisticated informatic tools for genome-wide methylome analyses. These methylomes are providing roadmaps for the study of cancer biology and discovery of DNA methylation biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of cancer.

See related article by Esteller and colleagues, Cancer Res 2001;61:3225–29.
Restored Ketosis Drives Anticancer Immunity in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Montrose David C. , Galluzzi Lorenzo
Published: April 2022

Dietary interventions including alterations in the amount or type of specific macronutrients have been shown to mediate antineoplastic effects in preclinical tumor models, but the underlying mechanisms are only partially understood. In this issue of Cancer Research, Wei and colleagues demonstrate that restoring ketogenesis in the colorectal cancer microenvironment decreases the KLF5-dependent synthesis of CXCL12 by cancer-associated fibroblasts, ultimately enhancing tumor infiltration by immune effector cells and increasing the therapeutic efficacy of an immune checkpoint inhibitor specific for PD-1. These findings provide a novel, therapeutically actionable link between suppressed ketogenesis and immunoevasion in the colorectal cancer microenvironment.

See related article by Wei et al., p. 1575
Multi-omics Profiling Shows BAP1 Loss Is Associated with Upregulated Cell Adhesion Molecules in Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Baqai Usman , Purwin Timothy J. , Bechtel Nelisa , Chua Vivian , Han Anna , Hartsough Edward J. , Kuznetsoff Jeffim N. , Harbour J. William , Aplin Andrew E.
Published: April 2022

BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) is a tumor suppressor gene that is mutated in cancer, including uveal melanoma. Loss-of-function BAP1 mutations are associated with uveal melanoma metastasis and poor prognosis, but the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. Upregulation of cell–cell adhesion proteins is involved with collective migration and metastatic seeding of cancer cells. Here, we show that BAP1 loss in uveal melanoma patient samples is associated with upregulated gene expression of multiple cell adhesion molecules (CAM), including E-cadherin (CDH1), cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), and syndecan-2 (SDC2). Similar findings were observed in uveal melanoma cell lines and single-cell RNA-sequencing data from uveal melanoma patient samples. BAP1 reexpression in uveal melanoma cells reduced E-cadherin and CADM1 levels. Functionally, knockdown of E-cadherin decreased spheroid cluster formation and knockdown of CADM1 decreased growth of BAP1-mutant uveal melanoma cells. Together, our findings demonstrate that BAP1 regulates the expression of CAMs which may regulate metastatic traits.

Implications:

BAP1 mutations and increased metastasis may be due to upregulation of CAMs.
Uspješno starenje uz pomoć e-tehnologije
Authors: Mrzaljak Josipa
Published: April 2022

Uvod i cilj: Starenje je prirodan proces koji ovisi o mnogo faktora. Smatra se da osoba uspješno stari ako uz sveprisutnu razvijenost tjelesnih i mentalnih sposobnosti nema komorbiditeta. Cilj je rada istražiti percepciju starosti i značajke kvalitetnog starenja te načine ispunjavanja slobodnog vremena služenjem i primjenom e-tehnologije sudionika ovog istraživanja, a koji nisu smješteni u sustav institucijskog zbrinjavanja.
Metode: U svrhu prikupljanja podataka korišten je anketni upitnik s 20 tvrdnji o uspješnom starenju preuzetih od autorice Elizabeth A. Phelan te dodatna pitanja izrađena za potrebe istraživanja. Anketa je provedena putem Google Docs obrasca tijekom lipnja i srpnja 2020. godine. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 109 sudionika, a pristigli podaci obrađeni su deskriptivnim i inferencijalnim stati- stičkim metodama.
Rezultati: Provedeno istraživanje pokazalo je da je sudionicima najmanje važna duljina životnog vijeka. Kao prediktor uspješnog starenja ističe se zadovoljstvo vlastitim životom i samostalnost te cjeloživotno učenje. Starenjem se povećava negativna percepcija o uspješnom starenju. Isto tako, u istraživanju je identificirano da se odrasle osobe najviše koriste internetom kako bi komunicirale s bliskim ljudima te ga u pravilu koriste svakodnevno pomoću mobitela, tableta, laptopa ili stolnog računala. Ovim je istraživanjem dobiven uvid u način provedbe slobodnog vremena u odraslih osoba te osoba starije životne dobi, ali i u njihovu percepciju uspješnog starenja.
Rasprava sa zaključkom: Razvoj svijesti o važnosti uspješnog starenja posta- je sve veća. Zdravstveni djelatnici, a posebice medicinske sestre, vlastitom percepcijom i edukacijom cjelokupne zajednice kvalitetu života i uspješno starenje svakog pojedinca mogu podići na višu razinu. S obzirom na neprestanu digitalizaciju i tehnološki razvoj, sve više odraslih osoba kao i osoba starije životne dobi češće će se koristiti internetom.
Utjecaj strukturirane edukacije o dojenju na promjene namjera, stavova i znanja studenata o dojenju
Authors: Čatipović Marija , Puharić Zrinka , Žulec Mirna , Bilić Maria Magdalena
Published: April 2022

Cilj: Cilj je istraživanja utvrditi učinkovitost ponuđenog programa edukacije o dojenju te korelacije namjera, stavova i znanja ispitanika o dojenju.
Metode: Validiranim upitnikom namjera, stavova i znanja o dojenju (BIAKQ, Breastfeeding intentions, attitudes, and knowledge questionnaire) ispitane su namjere, stavovi i znanje studenata druge godine stručnog studija sestrinstva Veleučilišta u Bjelovaru prije i nakon provedene edukacije o dojenju. Značajnost razlika u namjerama, stavovima i znanju ispitanika prije i nakon provedene edukacije analizirana je t-testom i Wilcoxonovim testom, a povezanost Spearmanovim koeficijentom korelacije.
Rezultati: Pronađena je statistički značajna pozitivna promjena u stavovima i namjerama te u ukupnim rezultatima na BIAKQ upitniku nakon provedene edukacije. Nije bilo značajnog pozitivnog pomaka u znanju o dojenju koje je kod studenata bilo vrlo dobro i prije provedene edukcije. Korelacija rezultata na ljestvicama namjera i stavova, međusobno i u odnosu na ukupne rezultate ostvarene u upitniku, bila je statistički značajna i jaka. Rezultati potvrđuju da je edukacija o dojenju pozitivno utjecala na emocionalnu i motivacijsku komponentu stavova unatoč tomu što učinak na kognitivnu komponentu nije bio statistički značajan.
Zaključak: Provedena edukacija o dojenju za studente je potvrdila svoju učinkovitost u korekciji stavova i namjera ispitanika o dojenju, bez statistički značaj- nog poboljšanja znanja ispitanika. Potrebna su dodatna istraživanja na uzorcima studenata drugih regija Hrvatske, te u slučaju potvrde učinkovitosti programa edukacije, istu edukaciju treba učiniti dostupnom online svim predavačima i studentima kojima je edukacija o dojenju predmet interesa.
Kognitivno-emocionalna regulacija stresa kod roditelja djece s teškoćama u razvoju
Authors: Kosić Radoslav , Žilić Anita
Published: April 2022

Uvod: Većina roditelja ima uobičajena očekivanja da im je dijete zdravo, stoga kada se suoče s izazovom roditeljstva djeteta s teškoćama u razvoju, razumljivo je očekivati da će to imati utjecaj na sve aspekte njihova života.
Cilj istraživanja: Glavni cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati kognitivno-emocionalnu regulaciju stresa kod roditelja djece s teškoćama u razvoju i roditelja djece tipičnog razvoja.
Materijal i metode: Ukupno je sudjelovalo 80 roditelja, od toga 40 roditelja koji imaju djecu s teškoćama u razvoju i 40 roditelja djece tipičnog razvoja. Koristili su se: Upitnik o sociodemografskim podacima i Upitnik kognitivne emocionalne regulacije.
Rezultati: Nije pronađena razlika između varijabli obrazovanja i bračnog statusa roditelja. Kod roditelja djece s teškoćama u razvoju veća je nezaposlenost. Roditelji djece tipičnog razvoja više se samookrivljuju, no svoje fizičko i psihičko zdravlje procjenjuju boljim.
Zaključak: Roditelji djece s teškoćama u razvoju imaju slabiju kognitivno-emocionalnu regulaciju stresa u odnosu na roditelje djece tipičnog razvoja.
The Dynamics of Organizational Autonomy: Oscillations at Automobili Lamborghini
Authors: Dattée Brice , Arrègle Jean-Luc , Barbieri Paolo , Lawton Thomas C. , Angwin Duncan N.
Published: April 2022

Through a 21-year longitudinal study of the relationship between Italian supercar manufacturer Automobili Lamborghini and its parent, German carmaker Audi AG, we examine how a unit’s degree of organizational autonomy is renegotiated over long periods of time. Using detailed empirical data, we develop a process model of the dynamics of organizational autonomy in a unit–parent relationship. This process model shows an ongoing dialectical tension between parent managers’ autonomy-reduction efforts and unit managers’ autonomy-extension efforts, and it reveals oscillations in the unit managers’ discretion over resource-orchestration decisions. Driving this dialectic are parent managers’ appraisal respect for the unit, their search for firm-wide strategic integration, and unit managers’ organizational identity and concern for distinctiveness. Our process model captures concurrent feedback loops that endogenously produce these oscillations between lower and higher autonomy. We then conceptualize a harmonic domain in the unit–parent relationship, in which these oscillations persist without deviating toward amalgamation or separation. Finally, we develop a theory of change in autonomy by identifying a theoretical link between resource orchestration and specific dimensions of organizational identity. Our study highlights the dialectical, dynamic, and ongoing nature of organizational autonomy.
Intimate Partner Violence at a Level-1 Trauma Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Smith Randi N. , Nyame-Mireku Afua , Zeidan Amy , Tabaie Azade , Meyer Courtney , Muralidharan Vignesh , Kamaleswaran Rishi , Williams Keneeshia , Grant April , Nguyen Jonathan , Hurst Stuart , Hanos Dustin , Benjamin Elizabeth , Sola Richard , Evans Dabney P.
Published: April 2022

Risks of intimate partner violence (IPV) escalated during the COVID-19 pandemic given mitigation measures, socioeconomic hardships, and isolation concerns. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the incidence of IPV. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis for IPV incidence at a single level 1 trauma center located in the United States. IPV cases were identified by triangulation of institutional data sources. There were 4,624 traumatic injuries of which 292 (6.3%) were due to IPV. IPV-related injury admissions increased 17% in the weeks following the COVID lockdown (RR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.19). Over a quarter of victims (27.4%) were male. Compared to before COVID, victims of IPV during the pandemic were younger (p = .04); no difference in mechanism or severity of injury was found. Our results suggest an ongoing need for universal IPV screening during health emergencies to avoid missed opportunities for IPV detection and referral to support services.
Using narratives to reduce HIV stigma in rural Ecuador: A health education intervention
Authors: Casapulla Sharon , Gómez-Urrego Guillermo , Madrid Claudia , Iles Chelsea , Keener Chris , Viola Jennifer , Sanchez Alexandra , Orquera Cristina , Kingori Caroline
Published: April 2022

Objective:

To determine the efficacy of using a narrative-based intervention to reduce HIV stigma among members of the general public in a rural community in Ecuador.

Design:

This cross-sectional intervention study involved a convenience sample of 133 participants from Cariamanga, Ecuador. We used a post-test only comparison group design.

Setting:

The number of adults living with HIV in Ecuador is increasing. Stigma and discrimination are among the greatest barriers to HIV prevention, access to treatment, care and support. Stigma is also associated with negative health outcomes. The study took place in the rural community of Cariamanga, Loja, Ecuador.

Method:

The intervention included (1) a fact-based presentation, (2) video stories from two individuals living with HIV and (3) a structured group discussion. Data were collected using an HIV Stigma Scale and an HIV Knowledge Assessment. Data were analysed using independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).

Results:

Participants who received the intervention had higher HIV knowledge scores ( p < .001; d = 2.06) and lower stigma scores (0.59) subsequent to the intervention than the comparison group (1.02, p < .001; d = 1.05).

Conclusion:

This narrative-based educational intervention was effective in reducing HIV-related stigma. Public health practitioners should consider including narratives as a component of future health education interventions aimed at reducing HIV-related stigma.
Gendered Taboos as an Impediment to African Women’s Leadership: A Decolonial View
Authors: Baloyi Magezi Elijah , Phumzile Dlamini
Published: April 2022

Human beings come from various backgrounds shaped by their norms, culture, belief systems, age, social orientation and their language. In addition to all these human beings, the common denominator is that they are different in terms of their parity and equality. This difference of human beings in the world has their own knowledge and cultural practices towards contribution of knowledge. Transformation of leadership which is imperative during the decolonialisation projects demands among other things more information about African traditional leadership. The realisation and existence of such leadership cannot be imagined without the indigenous knowledge which was and is still rich with ingredients of growing and leading African people to the right direction. Our South African context demands that women must also be uplifted to leadership roles in society and the workplace, but this usually collides with different African beliefs that still put women secondary to men, for instance, the issue of taboos which mainly promote the subjection of women. For the sake of this research, the focus is on those taboos which portray women as inferior to men in the society. Two cultures were selected for this purpose, Xitsonga and IsiZulu.
COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on US Childhood Caries and Potential Mitigation
Authors: Scherrer C. , Naavaal S. , Lin M. , Griffin S.O.
Published: April 2022

Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and Hispanic and low-income US children have a higher prevalence of untreated caries than their higher-income and non-Hispanic White (NHW) counterparts. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many dental offices and school sealant programs closed beginning March 2020. We examine the effect of reduced access to restorative care and sealants on the oral health of children from low-income households overall and by race/ethnicity and how increased sealant delivery in September 2022 could mitigate these effects. We used Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation to model COVID-19’s impact on first permanent molar (1M) caries incidence and loss in quality of life (disability-adjusted life years [DALYs]) due to time lived with 1M untreated caries. Our model followed a cohort of children aged 7 y in March 2020 until February 2024. Model inputs were primarily obtained from published studies and nationally representative data. Excess DALYs per 1,000 children attributable to reduced access to care during the pandemic were 1.48 overall and greater for Hispanic (2.07) and NHB (1.75) children than for NHW children (0.94). Excess incidence of 1M caries over 4 y was 2.28 percentage points overall and greater for Hispanic (2.63) and NHB (2.40) children than for NHW (1.96) children. Delivering sealants to 50% of eligible 1Ms in September 2022 would not completely mitigate COVID-19’s health access impact: overall excess DALYs would decrease to 1.05, and absolute disparities in excess DALYs between NHW children and Hispanic and NHB children would remain but decrease by 0.38 and 0.33, respectively. Sealing 40% of eligible 1Ms, however, would bring overall 4-y caries incidence down to pre–COVID-19 levels and eliminate the differential effect of the pandemic on children from minority groups. The pandemic’s negative impact on the oral health of children from low-income households and increased disparities could be partially mitigated with increased sealant delivery.
Is Activation the Active Ingredient of Transdiagnostic Therapies? A Randomized Clinical Trial of Behavioral Activation, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Emotional Disorders
Authors: Fernández-Rodríguez Concepción , Coto-Lesmes Rocio , Martínez-Loredo Victor , González-Fernández Sonia , Cuesta Marcelino
Published: April 2022

Studying the usefulness of contextual and cognitive transdiagnostic therapies calls for an analysis of both their differential efficacy and their specificity when acting on the transdiagnostic conditions on which they focus. This controlled trial compares the post-treatment and 3- and 6-month follow-up effects of Behavioral Activation (BA), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Cognitive-Behavioral Transdiagnostic Therapy (TD-CBT) on emotional symptomatology, and analyses the role played by Experiential Avoidance, Cognitive Fusion, Activation and Emotion Regulation in the clinical change. One hundred twenty-eight patients who fulfilled diagnostic criteria for anxiety and/or depression (intention-to-treat sample) were randomly assigned to three experimental group-treatment conditions (BA, n = 34; ACT, n = 27; TD-CBT n = 33) and one control group (WL, n = 34). Ninety-nine (77.34%) completed the treatment (per-protocol sample). In the post-treatment, all therapies reduced anxiety and depression symptomatology. In the follow-ups, the reduction in emotional symptomatology was greater in the condition which produced greater and more prolonged effects on Activation. Activation appears to be the principal condition in modifying all the transdiagnostic patterns and BA was the most efficacious and specific treatment. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04117464. Raw data are available online http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/krj3w2hfsj.1 .
The Potential for Interpretational Confounding in Cognitive Diagnosis Models
Authors: Huang Qi (Helen) , Bolt Daniel M.
Published: April 2022

Binary examinee mastery/nonmastery classifications in cognitive diagnosis models may often be an approximation to proficiencies that are better regarded as continuous. Such misspecification can lead to inconsistencies in the operational definition of “mastery” when binary skills models are assumed. In this paper we demonstrate the potential for an interpretational confounding of the latent skills when truly continuous skills are treated as binary. Using the DINA model as an example, we show how such forms of confounding can be observed through item and/or examinee parameter change when (1) different collections of items (such as representing different test forms) previously calibrated separately are subsequently calibrated together; and (2) when structural restrictions are placed on the relationships among skill attributes (such as the assumption of strictly nonnegative growth over time), among other possibilities. We examine these occurrences in both simulation and real data studies. It is suggested that researchers should regularly attend to the potential for interpretational confounding by studying differences in attribute mastery proportions and/or changes in item parameter (e.g., slip and guess) estimates attributable to skill continuity when the same samples of examinees are administered different test forms, or the same test forms are involved in different calibrations.
The Political Potential of Urban Informality in the Global North: A Rancièrian Perspective
Authors: van de Pas Niek , de Kort David , Koster Martijn , Meijl Toon van
Published: April 2022

In recent years, a growing number of scholars have highlighted the presence of urban informality in the Global North. Although we applaud this development, we deplore that this body of literature is characterized by analytical ambiguity and fragmented discussions. More specifically, the literature often reduces or repudiates the political potential of urban informality by (a) integrating it into the formal, (b) mobilizing it for policy purposes, and/or (c) designating it as a “policy problem.” In this article, we examine the existing literature and rethink the concept of urban informality by discussing it in relation to Jacques Rancière’s distinction between “police” and “politics.” This distinction enables us to highlight the political potential of urban informality in the Global North.
Willingness to Communicate and its High-Evidence Factors: A Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Jin Seonghan , Lee Hansol
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to synthesize the structural relationships among willingness to communicate (WTC) and its high-evidence factors in second language (L2) learning contexts by adopting meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM). The MASEM approach is designed to construct a structural equation model (SEM) to explain correlations between variables by pooling correlation coefficients reported in previous literature. This study integrated 44 independent samples ( N = 12,094) and built a MASEM model to investigate the structural relations of WTC, its three high-evidence factors (learners’ perceived L2 competence, L2 motivation, and L2 anxiety), and frequency of learners’ L2 use. The results of meta-analysis successfully supported our proposed model of L2 WTC. Furthermore, among the three high-evidence factors, it was found that learners’ perceived L2 competence influenced L2 WTC the most. In addition, the results of the moderator analyses indicated that learners’ L2 proficiency and WTC contexts (inside vs. outside classrooms) significantly influenced the relationships between L2 WTC and its high-evidence factors. The implications of these results are discussed in further depth and detail.
Comparison of cytoreductive partial versus radical nephrectomy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: To be on the horns of a dilemma
Authors: Shemshaki Hamidreza , Al-Mamari Said Abdallah , Al-Hooti Qais , Geelani Ishfaq Ahmed , Al Salmi Issa , Narayana Kurukkal Santosh , Kumar Santhosh , Al Julandani Amani , Sadeghzadeh Samira
Published: April 2022

Background:

Cytoreductive radical nephrectomy (cRN) with immunotherapy is the treatment of choice in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Limited data are available on the role of cytoreductive partial nephrectomy (cPN) in mRCC. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence regarding survival rates comparing cPN versus cRN.

Methods:

PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were reviewed in December 2021 according to PRISMA. Four articles including 2669 patients were selected to enroll in the study. The identified reports were reviewed and their methodological quality was subjected to total quality assessment. The outcomes were cancer specific survival (CSS) and overall survival rate (OS).

Results:

Totally 2669 patients, 542 in cPN and 2127 in cRN groups enrolled in final analysis. Of the preoperative data, there were significant differences in preoperative size of tumor between cRN and cPN patients ( p < 0.001), however Fuhrman grades were comparable between groups (low grade: p =  0.51, high grade: p =  0.76). There were comparable results in 1-year ( p =  0.07), 2-year ( p =  0.08), and 3-year ( p =  0.71) CSS rates between cPN versus cRN. There was no significant difference between cPN versus cRN in OS rate ( p =  0.61).

Conclusion:

There are comparable results between cPN and cRN in CSS and OS rate. However, due to a lack of data, future study will need to do more extensive studies using prospectively recorded patient features to evaluate the cPN and cRN in the metastatic setting.
Psychometric Properties of the Academic Procrastination Scale (APS) in Brazil
Authors: Karla Silva Soares Ana , Lins de Holanda Coelho Gabriel , Alves Freires Leogildo , Nunes da Fonseca Patrícia
Published: April 2022

Academic procrastination has a significant influence on students’ lives, being related to several relevant variables, such as lower self-esteem, higher levels of academic anxiety, and fear of failure. The development and adaptation of reliable instruments help to assure a more in-depth study of academic procrastination. The present research aimed to adapt and assess evidence of validity and reliability of the scores of the Academic Procrastination Scale (APS) for a Brazilian sample ( N = 1241). In Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis supported the unidimensional structure of the APS (25 items). In Study 2, the one-factor structure had an adequate model fit via confirmatory factor analysis. Also, through item response theory, the APS items showed adequate discrimination, difficulty, and level of information. The scores of the APS were also significantly correlated with the scores of the Tuckman Procrastination Scale, providing evidence of convergent validity.