bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forecasting the global extent of invasion of the cereal pest Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm
Authors: Early Regan , González-Moreno Pablo , Murphy Sean T. , Day Roger
Published: November 2018

Fall armyworm, Spodopterafrugiperda, is a crop pest native to the Americas, which has invaded and spread throughout sub-Saharan Africa within two years. Recent estimates of 20–50% maize yield loss in Africa suggest severe impact on livelihoods. Fall armyworm is still infilling its potential range in Africa and could spread to other continents. In order to understand fall armyworm’s year-round, global, potential distribution, we used evidence of the effects of temperature and precipitation on fall armyworm life-history, combined with data on native and African distributions to construct Species Distribution Models (SDMs). We also investigated the strength of trade and transportation pathways that could carry fall armyworm beyond Africa. Up till now, fall armyworm has only invaded areas that have a climate similar to the native distribution, validating the use of climatic SDMs. The strongest climatic limits on fall armyworm’s year-round distribution are the coldest annual temperature and the amount of rain in the wet season. Much of sub-Saharan Africa can host year-round fall armyworm populations, but the likelihoods of colonising North Africa and seasonal migrations into Europe are hard to predict. South and Southeast Asia and Australia have climate conditions that would permit fall armyworm to invade. Current trade and transportation routes reveal Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand face high threat of fall armyworm invasions originating from Africa.
Personalized Educational Resources Active Service Implementation Based on Higher-order Singular Value Decomposition Algorithm
Authors: Liang Jiansheng
Published: November 2018

In order to solve the problem of lack of effective active personalized education resources active service mode for online education, massive educational resources have led to the problem of information overload and learning confusion, resulting in a situation with many resources and difficulties in obtaining information, it has been researched on active service system based on educational resources. Firstly, the related theoretical basis for online education resources is elaborated. Then, the existing problems are analyzed and sorted out. Finally, the measures for high-order singular value decomposition algorithm are proposed. The practical application proves that the higher-order singular value decomposition algorithm can effectively realize the personalized educational resource active service and provide help for related scholars in learning resources.
An Annealing Memetic Algorithm for Instructional Scheduling
Authors: Lv Shen-min
Published: November 2018

In order to solve the problems of large-scale instructional scheduling, many constraints, and complex interrelation, it is studied based on the changes in the scheduling problem and the adjustment of related algorithms. Firstly, the problem of instructional scheduling is described as a whole, and the relationship between each stage, in particular the impact of the combined plan on scheduling is also described, and an optimization plan is proposed. Then the optimal scheduling scheme is solved with Memetic algorithm. According to the constraints, the fitness value function in the algorithm is designed flexibly. Finally, the convergence of the algorithm is proved based on the Banach compression mapping theorem. Practice has proved that: Memetic algorithm can effectively solve the problem of inadequate teaching resources and difficult of instructional scheduling. Therefore, the Memntic algorithm can be used in instructional scheduling.
A Quantitative Evaluation Model of Interactive Whiteboard Classroom Based on K-Means Algorithm
Authors: Liu Feng-juan
Published: November 2018

In order to apply the K-means algorithm to the quantitative evaluation model of interactive whiteboard class, the automatic correction method of the natural scene text plane image in the interactive whiteboard class is put forward. This method makes full use of the whiteboard border line information, and completes the whiteboard correction through the Canny operator edge detection, the PPHT straight line extraction, the K-means algorithm linear clustering, H matrix transformation and other steps. Finally, experiments are carried out to test the performance of the algorithm. The research results show that the algorithm has a high success rate of correction for basic simple background and simple content whiteboard, and the algorithm performance is relatively stable. It can be seen that the K-means algorithm has broad application prospects in the quantitative evaluation model of interactive whiteboard classroom.
Design of Visual Education Resource Library Based on 3D Modeling
Authors: Xia Dongmei , Li Jing , Zhou Liang
Published: November 2018

There are some problems in the design of three-dimensional visualization teaching resources, such as less involved in interactive design, no unified design standards, the lack of effective innovation guidance mechanism and no unified evaluation system. Based on the design principle, taking amino acids as an example, this paper proposes a design plan for 3D visualization resources in teaching scenarios. According to the design scheme, the three-dimensional visualization resources are made. The main processes include the selection of the tools, the preparation and production of the material, the writing of the script, the design of the learning interface, the design of the interactive logic relationship and the control and output of the program. Finally, the three-dimensional visualization resources are used in the future classrooms with starC electronic double board and group touch screen, and the results are analyzed and evaluated. It is found that the three-dimensional visualization resources can effectively improve the students' interest in learning and help students understand knowledge.
Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of ZnFe2O4/TiO2 Composite and Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Rodionovs Pavels , Grabis Jānis , Krūmiņa Aija
Published: November 2018

In order to improve TiO2 photocatalytic activity ZnFe2O4/TiO2 nanocomposites with different ZnFe2O4 mass loading were produced. Obtained ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles were coupled with TiO2 via microwave-assisted hydrothermal method in order to improve photon absorption in a range of visible light. Prepared nanostructures were characterized with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Photocatalytic activity of prepared samples was investigated by degradation of methylene blue under different light sources – LED, Hg and Osram Vitalux lamps. ZnFe2O4 consists of spherical nanoparticles with average size of 15 nm. TiO2 spherical nanoparticles size is in a range of 30÷45 nm. The results show that doping TiO2 with ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles increases photocatalytic activity. Photocatalytic activity increases as mass loading of ZnFe2O4 decreases.
Influence of Silica Fume Source on Crystallization of Xonotlite in a New Process Making Medium Density Ca-Silicate Based Products
Authors: Marti-Montava Felipe , Opsommer Ann , Garcia-Sanoguera David
Published: November 2018

This paper investigates the influence of different types of silica fume on the crystallization process of medium density calcium silicate based products. The products are formed by a new technology that consists of two steps. In the first step, a mixture containing calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) is formed by reaction of lime with special silicas at temperatures below 100°C. This mixture is then molded into boards by a filter-pressing technique. In the second step, the boards are treated in hydrothermal conditions enabling the conversion of the C-S-H into important contents of xonotlite (Ca6Si6O17(OH)2); this is the most stable calcium silicate hydrate phase at high temperatures. In order to make C-S-H in pressure less conditions, the use of reactive forms of silica is required. In this work we used silica fume as reactive silica. To understand the influence of the silica fume on the formation of xonotlite, several properties were studied, such as particle size, purity and specific surface area (BET). It was found that the particle size distribution and degree of agglomeration for the silica fume were the most important properties. A proper dispersion technique must be applied in order to break the silica fume agglomerates, forming particles small enough to react with dissolved lime and to form C-S-H phases that are able to be converted into xonotlite under hydrothermal conditions. Finally, it was also found that the formation of xonotlite is favored by the use of high purity silica fume.
Steel Fibre Performance in Concrete with Expansive Additives under Restrained Hardening Conditions
Authors: Lukasenoks Arturs , Cepuritis Rolands
Published: November 2018

Steel moulds in the form of a rigid cubical shell were developed in order to investigate single steel fibre pull-out resistance in concrete with expansive additive under restrained hardening conditions. The cubical shell (100 x 100 x 100 mm) with wall thickness of 5 mm was designed with two openings – a small 4 mm hole for fibre embedment in concrete and a larger opening for filling the concrete. Standard beam (100 x 100 x 400 mm) and cube (150 x 150 x 150 mm) samples were also manufactured and hardened under and without restrained conditions, where the restraint was realised by rigid standard steel moulds. All the restrained conditions realized by either the developed cubical steel shell (for single fibre pull-out) or existing beam and cube moulds simulate internal (from steel fibres in concrete) and external (from friction against sub-base) restraints that hinder expansion of the concrete due to the use of special expansive additives in a flooring slab structure installed on ground. Samples with a single hooked-end steel fibre (50 mm long and 0.75 mm in diameter), with and without expansive additive were manufactured and tested in the developed mould geometry. The results show that restrained expansion in concrete with expansive additives positively affects concrete compressive strength, single fibre pull-out and flexural behaviour. Concrete compressive strength increases by 7.5 %, single fibre delamination resistance increases by 24 %, the peak pull-out load by 10.8 % while the flexural strength increases by 3.1 %.
The Transcription Factors PU.1 and IRF4 Determine Dendritic Cell–Specific Expression of RALDH2
Authors: Yashiro Takuya , Yamaguchi Masaki , Watanuki Yumi , Kasakura Kazumi , Nishiyama Chiharu
Published: November 2018

RALDH2 expressed in dendritic cells (DCs) plays a critical role in the development of regulatory T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes. Despite the importance of RALDH2 in intestinal immunity, little is known about the mechanism of DC-specific expression of RALDH2. In the current study, we focused on the hematopoietic cell–specific transcription factors PU.1 and IRF4 as the determinants of Aldh1a2 gene expression. The mRNA level of Aldh1a2, and subsequently the enzyme activity, were decreased by knockdown of PU.1 and IRF4 in bone marrow–derived DCs (BMDCs) of BALB/c mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that PU.1 and IRF4 bound to the Aldh1a2 gene ∼2 kb upstream from the transcription start site in BMDCs. A reporter assay and an EMSA revealed that the Aldh1a2 promoter was synergistically transactivated by a heterodimer composed with PU.1 and IRF4 via the EICE motif at −1961/−1952 of the gene. The effect of small interfering RNAs for Spi1 and Irf4 and specific binding of PU.1 and IRF4 on the Aldh1a2 gene were also observed in DCs freshly isolated from spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes, respectively. GM-CSF stimulation upregulated the Aldh1a2 transcription in Flt3 ligand–generated BMDCs, in which the IRF4 expression and the PU.1 recruitment to the Aldh1a2 promoter were enhanced. We conclude that PU.1 and IRF4 are transactivators of the Aldh1a2 gene in vitro and ex vivo.
Cutting Edge: Transcriptional Profiling Reveals Multifunctional and Cytotoxic Antiviral Responses of Zika Virus–Specific CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Grifoni Alba , Costa-Ramos Priscilla , Pham John , Tian Yuan , Rosales Sandy L. , Seumois Grégory , Sidney John , de Silva Aruna D. , Premkumar Lakshmanane , Collins Matthew H. , Stone Mars , Norris Phillip J. , Romero Claudia M. E. , Durbin Anna , Ricciardi Michael J. , Ledgerwood Julie E. , de Silva Aravinda M. , Busch Michael , Peters Bjoern , Vijayanand Pandurangan , Harris Eva , Falconar Andrew K. , Kallas Esper , Weiskopf Daniela , Sette Alessandro
Published: November 2018

Zika virus (ZIKV) constitutes an increasing public health problem. Previous studies have shown that CD8+ T cells play an important role in ZIKV-specific protective immunity. We have previously defined antigenic targets of the ZIKV-specific CD8+ T cell response in humans. In this study, we characterized the quality and phenotypes of these responses by a combined use of flow cytometry and transcriptomic methods, using PBMCs from donors deriving from different geographical locations collected in the convalescent phase of infection. We show that ZIKV-specific CD8+ T cells are characterized by a polyfunctional IFN-γ signature with upregulation of TNF-α, TNF receptors, and related activation markers, such as CD69, as well as a cytotoxic signature characterized by strong upregulation of GZMB and CRTAM. The signature is stable and not influenced by previous dengue virus exposure, geographical location, or time of sample collection postinfection. To our knowledge, this work elucidates the first in-depth characterization of human CD8+ T cells responding to ZIKV infection.
Extremal metrics for the $Q^\prime$-curvature in three dimensions
Authors: Case Jeffrey S. , Hsiao Chin-Yu , Yang Paul
Published: November 2018

We construct contact forms with constant

Q^\prime

-curvature on compact three-dimensional CR manifolds which admit a pseudo-Einstein contact form and satisfy some natural positivity conditions. These contact forms are obtained by minimizing the CR analogue of the

II

-functional from conformal geometry. Two crucial steps are to show that the

P^\prime

-operator can be regarded as an elliptic pseudodifferential operator and to compute the leading order terms of the asymptotic expansion of the Green function for

\sqrt{P^\prime}

.
Effects of meteorology and emissions on urban air quality: a quantitative statistical approach to long-term records (1999–2016) in Seoul, South Korea
Authors: Seo Jihoon , Park Doo-Sun R. , Kim Jin Young , Youn Daeok , Lim Yong Bin , Kim Yumi
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Together with emissions of air pollutants and precursors, meteorological
conditions play important roles in local air quality through accumulation or
ventilation, regional transport, and atmospheric chemistry. In this study, we
extensively investigated multi-timescale meteorological effects on the urban
air pollution using the long-term measurements data of PM10,
SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 and meteorological variables
over the period of 1999–2016 in Seoul, South Korea. The long-term air
quality data were decomposed into trend-free short-term components and
long-term trends by the Kolmogorov–Zurbenko filter, and the effects of
meteorology and emissions were quantitatively isolated using a multiple
linear regression with meteorological variables. In terms of short-term
variability, intercorrelations among the pollutants and meteorological
variables and composite analysis of synoptic meteorological fields exhibited
that the warm and stagnant conditions in the migratory high-pressure system
are related to the high PM10 and primary pollutant, while the strong
irradiance and low NO2 by high winds at the rear of a cyclone are
related to the high O3. In terms of long-term trends, decrease in
PM10 (−1.75 µg m−3 yr−1) and increase in
O3 (+0.88 ppb yr−1) in Seoul were largely contributed by
the meteorology-related trends (−0.94 µg m−3 yr−1 for
PM10 and +0.47 ppb yr−1 for O3), which were
attributable to the subregional-scale wind speed increase. Comparisons with
estimated local emissions and socioeconomic indices like gross domestic product (GDP) growth and fuel
consumptions indicate probable influences of the 2008 global economic
recession as well as the enforced regulations from the mid-2000s on the
emission-related trends of PM10 and other primary pollutants. Change
rates of local emissions and the transport term of long-term components
calculated by the tracer continuity equation revealed a decrease in
contributions of local emissions to the primary pollutants including
PM10 and an increase in contributions of local secondary productions to
O3. The present results not only reveal an important role of
synoptic meteorological conditions on the episodic air pollution events but
also give insights into the practical effects of environmental policies and
regulations on the long-term air pollution trends. As a complementary
approach to the chemical transport modeling, this study will provide a
scientific background for developing and improving effective air quality
management strategy in Seoul and its metropolitan area.
Testing and evaluation of a new airborne system for continuous N2O, CO2, CO, and H2O measurements: the Frequent Calibration High-performance Airborne Observation System (FCHAOS)
Authors: Gvakharia Alexander , Kort Eric A. , Smith Mackenzie L. , Conley Stephen
Published: November 2018

Abstract. We present the development and assessment of a new flight system that uses a
commercially available continuous-wave, tunable infrared laser direct
absorption spectrometer to measure N2O, CO2, CO, and
H2O. When the commercial system is operated in an off-the-shelf
manner, we find a clear cabin pressure–altitude dependency for
N2O, CO2, and CO. The characteristics of this artifact
make it difficult to reconcile with conventional calibration methods. We
present a novel procedure that extends upon traditional calibration
approaches in a high-flow system with high-frequency, short-duration sampling
of a known calibration gas of near-ambient concentration. This approach
corrects for cabin pressure dependency as well as other sources of drift in
the analyzer while maintaining a ∼90 % duty cycle for 1 Hz sampling.
Assessment and validation of the flight system with both extensive in-flight
calibrations and comparisons with other flight-proven sensors demonstrate the
validity of this method. In-flight 1σ precision is estimated at
0.05 ppb, 0.10 ppm, 1.00 ppb, and 10 ppm for N2O,
CO2, CO, and H2O respectively, and traceability to World
Meteorological Organization (WMO) standards (1σ) is 0.28 ppb,
0.33 ppm, and 1.92 ppb for N2O, CO2, and CO. We show
the system is capable of precise, accurate 1 Hz airborne observations of
N2O, CO2, CO, and H2O and highlight flight
data, illustrating the value of this analyzer for studying N2O
emissions on ∼100 km spatial scales.
Evaluation of OAFlux datasets based on in situ air–sea flux tower observations over Yongxing Island in 2016
Authors: Zhou Fenghua , Zhang Rongwang , Shi Rui , Chen Ju , He Yunkai , Wang Dongxiao , Xie Qiang
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The Yongxing air–sea flux tower (YXASFT), which was specially
designed for air–sea boundary layer observations, was constructed on Yongxing
Island in the South China Sea (SCS). Surface bulk variable measurements were
collected during a 1-year period from 1 February 2016 to 31 January 2017.
The sensible heat flux (SHF) and latent heat flux (LHF)
were further derived via the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment
version 3.0 (COARE3.0). This study employed the YXASFT in situ observations
to evaluate the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute (WHOI) Objectively Analyzed Air–Sea Fluxes (OAFlux) reanalysis
data products. First, the reliability of COARE3.0 data in the SCS was validated using direct
turbulent heat flux measurements via an eddy covariance flux (ECF) system.
The LHF data derived from COARE3.0 are highly consistent with the
ECF with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.78. Second, the
overall reliabilities of the bulk OAFlux variables were diminished in the order
of Ta (air temperature), U(wind speed), Qa (air
humidity) and Ts (sea surface temperature) based on a combination
of R2 values and biases. OAFlux overestimates (underestimates) U
(Qa) throughout the year and provides better estimates for winter and
spring than in the summer–autumn period, which seems to be highly correlated with
the monsoon climate in the SCS. The lowest R2 is between the
OAFlux-estimated and YXASFT-observed Ts, indicating that
Ts is the least reliable dataset and should thus be used with
considerable caution. In terms of the heat fluxes, OAFlux considerably
overestimates LHF with an ocean heat loss bias of
52 w m−2 in the spring, and the
seasonal OAFlux LHF performance is consistent with U and
Qa. The OAFlux-estimated SHF appears to be a poor
representative, with enormous overestimations in the spring and winter, while
its performance is much better during the summer–autumn period. Third,
analysis reveals that the biases in Qa are the most dominant
factor on the LHF biases in the spring and winter, and that the
biases in both Qa and U are responsible for controlling the
biases in LHF during the summer–autumn period. The biases in
Ts are responsible for controlling the SHF biases, and
the effects of biases in Ts on the biases in SHF during
the spring and winter are much greater than that in the summer–autumn
period.
Albedo-Ice regression method for determining ice water content of Polar Mesospheric Clouds using ultraviolet observations from space
Authors: Thomas Gary E. , Lumpe Jerry , Bardeen Charles , Randall Cora E.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. High spatial-resolution images of Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMC) from a camera array onboard the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere Satellite have been obtained since 2007. The Cloud Imaging and Particle Size Experiment (CIPS) detects scattered ultraviolet (UV) radiance at a variety of scattering angles, allowing the scattering phase function to be measured for every image pixel. With well-established scattering theory, the mean particle size and ice water content (IWC) are derived. In the nominal mode of operation, approximately seven scattering angles are measured per cloud pixel. However, because of a change in the orbital geometry in 2016, a new mode of operation was implemented such that one, or at most two, scattering angles per pixel are now available. Thus particle size and IWC can no longer be derived from the standard CIPS algorithm. The Albedo-Ice Regression (AIR) method was devised to overcome this obstacle. Using data from both a microphysical model and from CIPS in its normal mode, we show that the AIR method provides sufficiently accurate average IWC so that PMC IWC can be retrieved from CIPS data into the future, even when albedo is not measured at multiple scattering angles. We also show from the model that 265 nm UV scattering is sensitive only to ice particle sizes greater than about 20–25 nm in (effective) radius, and that the operational CIPS algorithm has an average error in retrieving IWC of −13 ± 17 %.
Architecture, Growth Dynamics and Biomineralization of Pulsed Sr-Labelled Katelysia rhytiphora (Mollusca, Bivalvia)
Authors: Otter Laura M. , Agbaje Oluwatoosin B. A. , Kilburn Matt R. , Lenz Christoph , Henry Hadrien , Trimby Patrick , Hoppe Peter , Jacob Dorrit E.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. We use pulsed Sr-labelling experiments to visualize growth of aragonitic Katelysia rhytiphora (Mollusca, Bivalvia) shells. The outer compound composite prismatic structure is organized into three orders of prisms, and the inner crossed acicular structure consists of intersecting lamellae. Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) reveals substantial twinning of the aragonite crystals (> 46 %) and an overall reduced and strategically oriented anisotropy of the Young’s modulus in the whole shell compared to that of monolithic aragonite. All structural orders in both layers are enveloped by an organic sheath and the smallest mineralized units are nanogranules. Total organic contents are 2.2 (outer) and 1.4 wt. % (inner layer) and are, thus, intermediate between those of nacreous and crossed-lamellar shells. Prisms in the outer structure can be correlated to yearly, daily and sub-daily growth rates. Average daily growth rates at the ventral margin for the outer structure are 17 % higher than for the inner crossed acicular structure. The calcification front runs evenly across all structures and architectural orders independently of the current growth rate. Sharply defined transitions from labelled to unlabelled areas in the shell indicate that physiological processes driving calcification have no lag. This suggests that the extrapallial fluid cannot be very voluminous. Narrow increments of varying Sr content within labelled shell, despite constant Sr concentrations in seawater, suggest cyclic metabolic activity during calcification. Micro-Raman spectroscopy maps validate a low impact of high Sr-conditions on the aragonite crystal structure. Identical Sr-enrichment factors for labelled and ambient conditions support models of ion transport via a passive selective pathway to the mantle epithelium followed by calcification via amorphous calcium carbonate.
ESD Ideas: Propagation of high-frequency forcing to ice age dynamics
Authors: Verbitsky Mikhail Y. , Crucifix Michel , Volobuev Dmitry M.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The observational records display a continuous background of variability connecting centennial to 100-ka periods. Hence, the dynamics at the centennial, millennial, and astronomical time scales should not be treated apart. Here, we show that the non-linear character of ice sheet dynamics, which was derived naturally from the conservation laws, provides the scaling constraints to explain the structure of the observed spectrum of variability.
When does vapor pressure deficit drive or reduce
evapotranspiration?
Authors: Massmann Adam , Gentine Pierre , Lin Changjie
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Increasing vapor pressure deficit (VPD) increases atmospheric demand for water, and vapor pressure deficit is expected to rise with increasing greenhouse gases. While increased evapotranspiration (ET) in response to increased atmospheric demand seems intuitive, plants are capable of reducing ET in response to increased VPD by closing their stomata, in an effort to conserve water. Here we examine which effect dominates response to increasing VPD: atmospheric demand and increases in ET, or plant physiological response (stomata closure) and decreases in ET. We use Penman-Monteith, combined with semi-empirical optimal stomatal regulation theory and underlying water use efficiency, to develop a theoretical framework for understanding how ET responds to increases in VPD. The theory suggests that for most environmental conditions and plant types, plant physiological response dominates and ET decreases with increasing VPD. Plants that are evolved or bred to prioritize primary production over water conservation (e.g. crops) exhibit a higher likelihood of atmospheric demand-driven response (ET increasing). However for forest, grass, savannah, and shrub plant types, ET more frequently decreases than increases with rising VPD. This work serves as an example of the utility of our simplified framework for disentangling land-atmosphere feedbacks, including the characterization of ET response in an atmospherically drier, enriched CO2 world.
How the impacts of burst water mains are influenced by soil sand content
Authors: Farewell Timothy S. , Jude Simon , Pritchard Oliver
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Society relies on infrastructure, but as infrastructure systems are often collocated and interdependent, they are vulnerable to cascading failures. This study investigated cross-infrastructure and societal impacts of burst water mains, with the hypothesis that multi-infrastructure failures triggered by burst water mains are more common in sandy soils. When water mains in sandy soils burst, pressurised water can create subsurface voids and abrasive slurries, contributing to further infrastructure failures. Three spatial data investigations, at nested scales, were used to assess the influence that soil sand content has on the frequency and damage caused by burst water mains (1) to roads in the county of Lincolnshire, (2) to other proximal water mains in East Anglia and (3) to other proximal infrastructure and wider society across England and Wales. These investigations used infrastructure network and failure data, media reports and soil maps, and were supported by workshop discussions and structured interviews with infrastructure industry experts. The workshop, interviews and media reports produced a greater depth of information on the infrastructure and societal impacts of cascading failures than the analysis of infrastructure data. Cross-infrastructure impacts were most common on roads, built structures and gas pipes, and they occurred at a higher rate in soils with very high sand contents.
Long-Term Evolution of the Caspian Sea Thermohaline Properties Reconstructed in an Eddy-Resolving OGCM
Authors: Dyakonov Gleb S. , Ibrayev Rashit A.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The decadal variability of the Caspian Sea thermohaline properties is investigated by means of a high-resolution ocean general circulation model including sea ice thermodynamics and air-sea interaction, forced by prescribed realistic atmospheric conditions and riverine runoff. The model describes synoptic, seasonal and climatic variations of the sea thermohaline structure, water balance and level height. A reconstruction experiment was conducted for the period of 1961–2001, covering a major regime shift in the global climate of 1976–1978, which allows to investigate the Caspian Sea response to such significant episodes of climate change. The long-term trends in the sea circulation patterns are considered with an assessment of the influence of model error accumulation.
EFFECT OF THE NANOFILLER SHAPE ON THE CONDUCTIVE NETWORK FORMATION OF POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES VIA A COARSE-GRAINED SIMULATION
Authors: Li Fanzhu , Zhang Huan , Li Tiantian , Liu Jun , Gao Yangyang , Zhang Liqun
Published: November 2018

It is very important to improve the electrical conductivity of polymer nanocomposites, which can widen their application. The effect of the nanofiller shape on the relationship between the nanofiller microstructure and the conductive probability of the nanofiller filled polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) has been investigated in detail by employing a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation. Four kinds of nanofiller shapes are considered: rod filler, Y filler, X filler, and sphere filler. First, the mean square radius of gyration gradually decreases from rod filler, Y filler, X filler, to sphere filler, which reflects the highest aspect ratio for rod filler. Meanwhile, the dispersion state of the nanofiller is relatively uniform in the matrix. The conductive probability (denoted by the formation probability of the conductive network) is adopted to stand for the conductive property. The results show that the conductive probability gradually decreases from rod filler, Y filler, X filler, to sphere filler, which is attributed to their gradually decreased size. In summary, the nanofiller shape affects the electric conductive property of PNCs.
ESTRATÉGIAS DE ENSINO NA GRADUAÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM: ESTUDO DESCRITIVO
Authors: Peres Aida Maris , Rocha Jessika Rodrigues , Caveião Cristiano , Hipolito Ana Carla Lemos , Mantovani Maria De Fátima
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: identificar estratégias de ensino facilitadoras para a formação do Enfermeiro na visão de discentes de enfermagem. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal, realizado em três universidades do sul do Brasil, por questionário semiestruturado, com 258 discentes de Enfermagem, entre março e abril de 2014. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva com frequências absolutas e relativas. Resultados: sobre estratégias de ensino, verificou-se que as facilitadoras da aprendizagem durante aulas teóricas relacionavam-se aos recursos audiovisuais 67 (33,16%), aulas dinâmicas 67 (33,16%), discussão de artigos 60 (29,70%), trabalhos em grupo 47 (23,26%). As estratégias de ensino menos citadas foram: seminários, resumos de aulas anteriores e artigos, estudo de caso. Sobre estratégias facilitadoras, 48 (20%) discentes buscaram outras oportunidades de aprendizado além daquelas oferecidas no currículo da graduação. Conclusões: conclui-se que os discentes consideram múltiplas formas facilitadoras utilizadas como estratégias de ensino, sendo as mais citadas aulas dinâmicas, trabalhos em grupo e problematização.
PROCESSO DE ENFERMAGEM NA ASSISTÊNCIA A PACIENTES COM FERIDAS EM CICATRIZAÇÃO POR SEGUNDA INTENÇÃO
Authors: Galdino Júnior Hélio , Tipple Anaclara Ferreira Veiga , De Lima Brunna Rodrigues , Bachion Maria Márcia
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: analisar registros de enfermagem quanto à presença das etapas do processo de enfermagem em prontuários de pacientes com feridas. Método: estudo transversal, de análise documental, realizado em um Hospital Escola, em estado de Goiás, de março a junho de 2016. A amostra constituiu-se de 180 blocos de registros de atendimentos a pessoas com feridas. Os registros foram classificados em relação às etapas do processo de enfermagem. Características das feridas foram observadas mediante checklist e comparadas com o teor dos registros. Foi utilizada na análise descritiva frequências simples e percentuais. Resultados: 91,6% dos blocos de registros continham elementos da etapa da coleta de dados. As etapas de diagnóstico de enfermagem, planejamento, implementação e avaliação da assistência foram pouco contempladas. Conclusão: há fragilidades no registro das etapas do processo de enfermagem na assistência ao paciente com feridas, que podem comprometer sua segurança, a avaliação do atendimento e pesquisas futuras.
REGISTRO DE DADOS SOBRE O USO DE IMUNOBIOLÓGICOS E INSUMOS NAS SALAS DE VACINAS
Authors: Dalla Nora Taís Trombetta , Herrera Giulliana Weigert , Linch Graciele Fernanda da Costa , Paz Adriana Aparecida
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: verificar os registros dos dados sobre o uso de imunobiológicos e insumos nas salas de vacinas da rede pública. Método: estudo transversal, realizado em oito salas de vacinas da atenção básica, com 106 observações em novembro e dezembro de 2016, em um município do Rio Grande do Sul. Resultados: em 64(60,4%) atendimentos os usuários estavam cadastrados no programa e 104(98,1%) tiveram as vacinas registradas corretamente. Os dados foram registrados adequadamente após a vacinação do usuário no programa em 89(84%) atendimentos, entretanto, a movimentação do imunobiológico foi preenchida em 17(11%) observações. O registro no boletim diário da temperatura do refrigerador ocorreu em 80(75,5%) observações. Conclusão: foi possível obter subsídios para a elaboração de ações estratégicas no município, com a finalidade da qualificação do processo de trabalho quanto à organização, manutenção e registros dos imunobiológicos nas salas de vacina.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO SOCIOECONÔMICA, EPIDEMIOLÓGICA E LABORAL DE TRABALHADORES TERCEIRIZADOS DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE PÚBLICA
Authors: Nadaleti Nayara Pires , Ribeiro Jefferson Felipe , Ferreira Poliana Martins , Nogueira Denismar Alves , Felipe Adriana Olimpia Barbosa , Terra Fábio De Souza
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: analisar as características socioeconômicas, epidemiológicas e laborais dos trabalhadores terceirizados de uma universidade pública do sul de Minas Gerais. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal, desenvolvido entre dezembro de 2016 e fevereiro de 2017 com 316 trabalhadores terceirizados. Na coleta de dados, utilizou-se o questionário de caracterização e na análise dos dados, a estatística descritiva. Resultados: constatou-se trabalhadores do sexo feminino (54,4%), faixa etária de 30 a 39 anos (31,3%), casados/com companheiros (58,2%), com filhos (69,3%), renda familiar de 1,5 a 3,5 salários (51,6%), que não praticava atividades físicas (42,7%), não possuía doenças crônicas (69,9%), em serviços terceirizados há até 10 anos (81,3%), com carga horária de 44 horas semanais (84,4%) e atuação na atual instituição há menos de quatro anos (63,9%). Conclusão: conhecer o perfil desses trabalhadores permite a adoção de estratégias de promoção e prevenção capazes de melhorar a qualidade de vida laboral e social.
One-step synthesis of mesoporous carbon/ iron sulfide nanocomposite for supercapacitors
Authors: Yu Xiaolong , Li Bogang
Published: November 2018

Mesoporous C@FexSy composite as a negative electrode for supercapacitors was synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal treatment followed by an electrodeposition process and its electrochemical properties were studied. Compared with bare carbon sphere, the electrochemical performance of C@FexSy composite was significantly improved, with a high specific capacitance (267.45 F/g), good rate performance (201.08 F/g at 2.5 A/g), and superior cycling stability (almost no capacitance degradation after 1000 cycles). The results show that the obtained C@FexSy composite is a promising negative electrode material for supercapacitors
Digital Subversion
Authors: Hanko Milan , Spilý Peter
Published: November 2018

The aim of this article is to review and identify main attributes of a new form of subversion,
so called digital subversion. Digital subversion is relatively new phenomena frequently
used as vital part of nowadays resistance movement and hybrid warfare tactics.
The article looks at subversion from the point of history through resistance movement
and current use of hybrid warfare tactics where digital subversion can be considered
as a vehicle for the deployment and achievement of other elements, tools and objectives
of hybrid warfare. Within the digital subversion operating concept can be identified such
elements and tools like online trolling, digital and social media, digital activism, digital
media and marginally also cyber operations. Conclusion is focused on strategic and institutional
perspective of how to counter digital subversion. An article expands today
view on subversion as a vital element of resistance movement and hybrid warfare fused
with cyberspace to a digital subversion.
Police Prevention Units in Poland from 1918 to Modern Times
Authors: Czarniawski Robert
Published: November 2018

The police forces are an indispensable element in upholding security and public order in a state, both on daily bases and in states of emergency. The evolution of the Polish police forces begins in 1918 with restoration of the country’s sovereignty after 123 years of partitions. Since that time the organisational structure, functioning and the scope of tasks performed by the Police have evolved and developed due to social, political and economical changes in order to keep up with constantly changing reality and to improve efficiency of operations performed with respect to maintaining security and public order.
The Welfare State and Modern Sovereignty
Authors: Jinek Jakub
Published: November 2018

The paper analyses the current position of the welfare state and how it is reflected in the recent literature. It criticizes contributions that try to advocate the welfare state as a hallmark of European civilization, as they lack the proper analytical method to do so. It proposes an original approach that reveals a structural analogy that exists between the welfare state and the modern sovereign state. In a short historical survey, it demonstrates that during the process of its formation, the modern state gained structural elements that on one hand created a foundation for its later transformation into the welfare state, but on the other hand became a source of deep distrust. As this distrust also influenced the development of the post-war welfare system, the entire project eventually became vulnerable to ideological criticism. The paper shows that today’s condemnations of the welfare state for its alleged non-affordability are but an echo of an older ideological – populist and liberal – distrust of the state itself. Finally, the paper attempts to argue in favour of both the modern sovereign state and the welfare state by developing an argument for their de facto existence and usefulness and showing the fundamental fallacy of the counter-arguments of its critics.
Online Culture Wars from 4chan and Tumblr to Trump and the Alt-Right
Authors: Florian Oldřich
Published: November 2018

Nagle, Angela: Kill All Normies: Online Culture Wars from 4chan and Tumblr to Trump and the Alt-Right. Winchester: Zero Books. 2017, 136 pages.
Post-Communist Mafia State. The Case of Hungary
Authors: Langdon Kate
Published: November 2018

Magyar, Bálint: Post-Communist Mafia State. The Case of Hungary. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2016, 311 pages.
UTICAJ I ZNAČAJ DELATNOSTI PREUZEĆA NA OSTVARIVANjE POVOLjNIJE TRŽIŠNE POZICIJE MSP UPRAVLjANjEM INTELEKTUALNIM KAPITALOM
Authors: Jovkić Jelena , Urošević Snežana , Vuković Milovan
Published: November 2018

Sektor malih i srednjih preduzeća je prepoznat kao jedan od osnovnih stubova ekonomske stabilnosti i ekonomskog razvoja. Mala i srednja preduzeća predstavljaju značajan doprinos za kreiranje novih poslova i širenje nove poslovne prakse, ona daju značajan doprinos društvenom bruto prihodu, a posebno je važna njihova uloga u zemljama koje su u tranziciji. Znanje je oduvek predstavljalo najvažniji resurs preduzeća, što je posebno naglašeno u savremenim uslovima poslovanja. Izrazito jaka konkurencija koja egzistira na svim tržištima i u svim poslovnim delatnostima, kao i visok stepen razvoja tehnologije, koja je zbog lako dostupnih informacija na dohvat ruke svim zainteresovanim kompanijama, u velikoj meri otežavaju zauzimanje dobre tržišne pozicije. Nosilac svih neopipljivih komponenti poslovanja je znanje menadžera i zaposlenih, koje integrisano u adekvatnu organizacionu strukturu, sa akcentom na zadovoljenju potreba potrošača, čini jezgro kompetentnosti organizacije i osnov za stvaranje konkurentske prednosti. Cilj ovog rada je da opiše i objasni komponente intelektualnog kapitala, kao i njihov značaj i ulogu u malim i srednjim preduzećima u Repubici Srbiji u uslovima savremenog poslovanja. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na uzorku od 120 anketiranih ispitanika, zaposlenih u MSP u Republici Srbiji, koji su na funkcijama menadžera, top menadžera odnosno vlasnika organizacija i radnih izvršilaca. Sprovedeno istraživanje doprinosi potvrdi teoretskih pretpostavki o značaju upravljanja ljudskim resursima u malim i srednjim preduzećima, što može imati praktične implikacije za pronalaženje boljih profesionalnih rešenja u okviru specifičnih karakteristika malih i srednjih preduzeća.
EKOLOŠKO OPOREZIVANjE U ČILEU
Authors: Stojanović Miloš , Đorđević Marina
Published: November 2018

Ekološki porezi, kao jedan od ekonomskih instrumenata u rešavanju ekoloških problema, u savremenim uslovima imaju veliki značaj. Taj svoj značaj oni imaju pre svega u razvijenijim zemljama, dok u nedovoljno razvijenim zemljama to nije slučaj. U Čileu koji je predmet analize ovog rada, ekološko oporezivanje postepeno sve više dobija na značaju, na šta posebno ukazuje odluka o početku oporezivanja emisije CO2. Ekološki porezi su izdašniji u Čileu, posmatrajući učešće ovih poreza u ukupnim prikupljenim poreskim prihodima, u odnosu na prosek OECD-a. Porez na emisiju CO2 će početi da se  primenjuje od 2018. godine. i pored pozitivnih ekoloških efekata koje će imati, on će takođe imati pozitivnih uticaja i da rast prihoda od ekoloških poreza, što će Čileanskoj vladi omogućiti da na osnovu ovih prihoda rešava i druge probleme prisutne u Zemlji.
Polyglotism and Identity in Modern-Day Lebanon
Authors: Baladi Sarya Sofia
Published: November 2018

Lebanon is a polyglot country, where Western languages such as English or French, or more traditional/oriental languages such as Classical Arabic, have much societal and political power. Although all Lebanese speak Levantine Arabic (Shaami), many of them master multiple languages and can decide to strongly identify with a select few not only for the love of the language, but mostly for the message each language brings with it: is Lebanon a cosmopolitan Westernized country that differentiates itself from the Arab world? Or should Lebanon look towards its Oriental roots and celebrate its Muslim-Arabic heritage? This paper seeks to prove that, in Lebanon, the implicit or explicit choice of language is a tool to convey one’s political, religious, and cultural views. This created a strong divide between Eastern and Western oriented Lebanese in the 20th century and is one of the main causes for the political turmoil in modern Lebanon.
UTICAJ ANTIEPILEPTIČKE TERAPIJE NA ELEKTROENCEFALOGRAFSKE NALAZE KOD DJECE SA CEREBRALNOM PARALIZOM
Authors: Serdar Aleksandra , Simić Elvira
Published: November 2018

Epilepsija dodatno komplikuje teško hronično stanje cerebralne paralize.Vezu između ova dva stanja predstavlja lezija mozga koja je u njihovoj etiološkoj osnovi.Pojava epilepsije na izvjestan način predstavlja indeks težine izraženosti cerebralneparalize i oštećenje mozga je obično veće kod djece sa cerebralnom paralizom i epilepsijom.Elektroencefalografija je najvažnija metoda u dijagnostikovanju epilepsije, kojaje često pridružena kod djece sa cerebralnom paralizom.
EKSKRECIJA URINARNOG KALIKREINA U DJEČIJEM UZRASTU: ULOGA POLA, UZRASTA, URINARNIH ELEKTROLITA I GENETSKOG RIZIKA OD HIPERTENZIJE
Authors: Petrović-Tepić Snežana , Stoisavljević-Šatara Svjetlana , Serdar Aleksandra , Tepić Aleksandar
Published: November 2018

Renalni kalikrein-kinin sistem igra veoma važnu ulogu u regulaciji lokalnogprotoka krvi u bubrezima i u procesu izlučivanja soli i vode, te predstavlja važnu karikuu održavanju homeostaze organizma.
STRUKTURNE PROMJENE MOZGA KAO ETIOLOŠKI FAKTOR ZA NASTANAK CEREBRALNE PARALIZE
Authors: Serdar Aleksandra , Petrović-Tepić Snežana , Marić Nina
Published: November 2018

Cerebralna paraliza je hronični neprogresivni poremećaj motornih funkcijauzrokovan oštećenjem mozga u ranom razvojnom periodu. U dijagnozi cerebralne paralizemagnetna rezonanca mozga je, gdje je god moguće, neuroslikovna pretraga prvogizbora. Ona može da pokaže strukturne promjene mozga koje su nastale kao posljedicarazličitih prenatalnih, perinatalnih i postnatalnih uticaja.
Invasion of an inconspicuous ambrosia beetle and fungus may alter wood decay in Southeastern North America
Authors: Hulcr Jiri , Skelton James , Johnson Andrew J , Li You , Jusino Michelle A
Published: November 2018

Background. Ambrosia beetles include well-known invasive pests, but most species established in non-native areas do not cause any significant impact. Here we report the recent invasion and rapid spread of Ambrosiodmus minor in the Southeastern US.

Methods: We used a combination of a multi-year survey, literature data on fungal symbionts from the beetle mycangia and in vitro bioassays of fungal competition, and extensive field observations of wood colonization patterns.

Results. In less than seven years, A. minor abundance has increased many-fold in Florida. The beetle is associated with an aggressive wood-rot fungus Flavodon ambrosius. Joint colonization of wood by A. minor and F. ambrosius results in extensive white rot (lignin removal). The invasion of this symbiosis may impact an ecosystem function previously considered not influenced by non-native ambrosia beetles: wood decay. We suggest monitoring of the impact of this invasion on native wood-inhabiting organisms, biomass degradation and the carbon cycle throughout the region.