bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Comparison between Biotransfix Screw and All-Inside Technique
Authors: Abdul Adel Nik Alyani Nik , Awang Mohd Shukrimi bin , Zakaria Zamzuri bin
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has evolved during past decade. All inside technique is introduced aiming for less invasive procedure, bone stock preservation, preservation of tendon at its donor site, better graft positioning and fixation technique. This study is conducted to compare the outcomes of this new technique to the previous biotransfix screw. Materials and method: A cross sectional study was conducted in patients with ACL injury treated with ACL reconstruction surgery in Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu and Hospital Kemaman, Terengganu. Functional outcome with International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, SF-36 quality of life score and time taken to return to normal activities were evaluated at 18 to 24 months post-operative. Results: Forty patient were recruited, 20 in each group. Of this, 37 were male with age of 25±6.48 years old. 25 were office worker and the rest were field worker. 37.5% were smoker. Patients in biotransfix screw technique operated at 21.3±12.6 months after the injury while those in all inside technique at 17.7±11.9 months(p-value 0.35). BMI was 24.58±4.59. The SF-36 score were similar in both groups with p-value 0.59. Both groups have same IKDC score of 82.99±12.55. Time taken to return to normal activity level was 46.3±19.7 weeks which was similar in both groups(p-value 0.943). Re rupture rate were 10% in biotransfix screw technique and 5% in all inside technique. None of them has any form of infection. There were no correlation between quality of life SF-36 score with age, tobacco use, BMI, duration of injury until operation and occupation of the patient in both techniques. Conclusion: The functional outcome, quality of life and time return to normal activity were similar between patients who had biotransfix screw and all inside technique. There were also no correlations between factors studied with quality of life in both groups.
Pcr-Based Construction and Transformation of Cody Gene Deletion Construct in Streptococcus Pneumoniae
Authors: Mohamed Rehan Aisyah , Enche Othman Mohammad Izwan , Mohd Amin Nor Munirah , Shahdan Intan Azura , Yusof@Hanafi Hanani Ahmad
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is a gram-positive diplococci belonging to the genus Streptococcus and it is a well-studied pathogenic bacterium. Pneumococcal diseases such as otitis media, pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis caused by pathogenic strains of S. pneumoniae still brought significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. The pathogenicity of S. pneumoniae is exerted by various virulence factors and one of it is the enzyme hyaluronate lyase. Hyaluronate lyase plays a major role in the invasive capability of S. pneumoniae. Its mechanism of action and crystallographic structure have been determinedbut its regulatory mechanism is still poorly understood. Drawing connections between the nutritional behaviour and invasive property of S. pneumoniae, CodY regulator is hypothesized as a potential hyaluronate lyase regulator. This work was aimed to construct CodY deficient mutant of S. pneumoniae to form foundational work for the study of CodY regulatory effect on hyaluronate lyase. Materials and method: A single gene-deletion method was chosen to create CodY mutant construct containing aphA-3 gene (encoding kanamycin resistance protein) replacement cassette by employing recombinant fusion PCR method. A single band DNA product at the expected size of 2,563 bp after recombinant fusion PCR was visualized on agarose gel electrophoresis. This indicated that the linear recombinant amplicon has been successfully constructed. The recombinant amplicon was transformed into S. pneumoniae cells of Malaysian local clinical isolate by employing the competence stimulating peptide (CSP-1) to enhance and induce natural competence. Results: No viable CodY mutant was evident post-transformation. The negative transformation result was postulated to be due to the essential nature of CodY regulator. Conclusion: This work can provide basis for recombinant fusion PCR method in designing and constructing single gene deletion construct. However, further work is needed to identify the regulatory agent of hyaluronate lyase.
Phytochemical Analysis and In-Vitro Effects of Ethanolic Tamarindus Indica Seed Extract on Snake Venom
Authors: Ismail Soraya , Azmi Nur Farhana , Maung Khin Maung , Oothuman Pakeer
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Snakebite has been categorised as a ‘neglected tropical disease’ by WHO in 2009 and it affects mainly the poorer countries like Africa and Asia. The standard treatment for snake envenomation is the anti-snake venom medication which can be very expensive, not readily available and specific against a snake species. This study was conducted to screen the phytochemical compounds of Tamarindus indica seed extract (TSE) and its in-vitro effects on snake venom of three snake species; namely Daboia russelli, Naja kaouthia and Ophiophagus hannah. Materials and method: Ethanolic Soxhlet extract of TSE was used. Phytochemical screening analysing for saponins, alkaloids, flavanoids, anthraquinone derivatives, arthraquinone glycosides, phenolic compounds, tannins, terpenoids, sterol and volatile oils were carried out. In-vitro enzymatic inhibition study on venom enzymes namely phospholipase A2 (PLA2), proteinase and phosphomonoesterase (PME) were studied by measuring the absorbance using the spectrophotometer. There were two main groups; Group 1: venom only; and Group 2: venom with TSE. The mean triplicate determination of venom enzyme activity post-exposure to TSE from Group 2 was taken and analysed against 100% venom enzyme activity from Group 1. Results: Phytochemical screening showed that the TSE has (+++) phenolics and (+++) hydrolysable tannins. TSE significantly reduced all venom enzymatic activities i.e. PLA2, proteinase and PME from the three snake species at 925 nm, 280 nm and 400 nm, respectively. SDS-PAGE experiment showed the disruption of venom protein bands from all three snake species when venom was exposed to 4.76 µg TSE. Conclusion: Ethanolic TSE contains mainly phenolics and hydrolysable tannins which can reduce the snake venom enzymatic activities. This is possibly due to the formation of tannin-protein complex rendering the venom less potent.
Plasma Cystatin C and Estimates of Glomerular Filtration Rate Using Cystatin C Independently Diagnose Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis
Authors: Md Ralib Azrina , Ab Rashid Iqbalmunawwir , Ishak Nur Aisyah , Nanyan Suhaila , Ramly Nur Fariza , Mat Nor Mohd Basri
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Plasma Cystatin C (CysC) is as an early functional marker for acute kidney injury. Estimates of glomerular filtration rate using CysC (eGFRCysC) has been used in some clinical setting. We evaluated the utility of CysC and eGFRCysC in diagnosing acute kidney injury (AKI) and predicting death in critically ill patients with sepsis.  Materials and method: This is an interim analysis of single centre, prospective observational study of critically ill patients. Inclusion criteria were patients older than 18 years old with sepsis and procalcitonin > 0.5ng/ml. Plasma creatinine and CysC were measured on admission, and eGFRCysC. AKI was defined based on the plasma creatinine criteria of the KDIGO guideline.  Results: Thirty one patients were recruited so far, of which 13 (41.9%) had AKI and six died. CysC were higher in patients with AKI versus No AKI (p<0.001), and corresponding eGFRCysC were lower (p=0.006). CysC and eGFRCysC on ICU admission diagnosed AKI with an AUC of 0.88(0.72 to 1.00), and 0.79 (0.62 to 0.96), respectively. Both did not predict death (AUC 0.59 (0.31 to 0.87) and 0.59 (0.31 to 0.86), respectively). After adjusting for age and SOFA score, both CysC and eGFRCysC independently diagnosed AKI (OR 13 (1.5 to 115) and 1.03 (1.01 to 1.06), respectively). The ideal cut-off point for diagnosing AKI for CysC is 1.5 mg/dl (84% sensitivity and 89% specificity) and for eGFRCysC as 77 ml/min (72% sensitivity and 84% specificity).  Conclusion: Plasma CysC and its estimated GFR independently diagnosed AKI in critically ill patients with sepsis. We suggest the ideal cut-off points of 1.5 mg/dl and 77 ml/min which can be used in the clinical setting in this cohort of patients.
Renoprotective Role of Tualang Honey Against High Cholesterol Diet Induced Acute Kidney Diseases in an Animal Model
Authors: Hamad Mohamed Zenab B. , Hamad Alfarisi Hamad Abdulsalam , Abdullah Nor Zamzila , Muhammad Naznin , Abdul Rahim Roslina
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Although there is a growing insight into the causes and mechanisms of kidney diseases, preventive and therapeutic measures are still few. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the renoprotective effect of tualang honey against high cholesterol diet induced acute kidney disease in an animal model. Materials and method: Ten female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: high cholesterol diet (HCD) group, fed with 12% cholesterol diet with 0.3% cholic acid, and high cholesterol diet with tualang honey (HCD + TH) group, fed with HCD with oral daily dose of 1.4 g/kg/day of tualang honey by gavage. Biochemical analysis of lipid profile and renal function were performed at 48 hours, 7 days, and 6 weeks of the experiment. The animals were sacrificed at 6 weeks and the kidneys were harvested for histological examination. Results: There was no significant difference between the HCD and the HCD+TH groups in the level of TC. The mean serum LDL-c, TG and vLDL levels at completed 48 hours and 7 days for the HCD+TH group were lower as compared to the HCD group. The only significant difference in renal function test between HCD and HCD + TH groups reported were theserum creatinine at completed 48 hours. Histological examination of the kidney tissue of the HCD and HCD+TH groups at 6 weeks revealed segmental mesangial hypercellularity and mesangial matrix expansion of the glomeruli. Conclusion: Tualang honey supplementation has resulted in an improvement of the renal profile which is suggestive of its renoprotective effect. However, the histopathological examination of the kidneys revealed similar changesin both groups and this may be related to the dose of honey used in the study. Additionally, tualang honey showed improvement in LDL-c, triglyceride and vLDL levels indicating its lipid lowering activities.
Retrograde Cement Extrusion into Femoral Nutrient Vessels Following Uncomplicated Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Hua Lim Chia , Jacob V.A. , Premchandran N.
Published: January 2021

The present concepts in Total Hip Arthroplasty advocate mechanical cement interlock with trabecular bone utilising the third-generation cementing technique. However, the force generated can easily reach peak pressure of 122 kPa to 1500 kPa, leading to extrusion of cement through nutrient foramina into femoral cortex into nutrient vessels, henceforth the retrograde arteriovenogram. A 76 years old lady who premorbid ADLindependent had a fall and sustained a closed right neck of femur fracture. She underwent cemented right total hip arthroplasty. Acetabulum cup of 47mm and femoral stem size 1 was utilized. Femoral canal was prepared and medullary cavity plug inserted before retrograde cement was introduced using the cementing gun. Intraoperative no complications were noted. This case has been followed up to a year with no adverse effect. The post-operative radiograph demonstrated a linear radio-opacity communicating with the posterior aspect of the femoral shaft which continues proximally and medially for approximately 10cm. Its uniformity in shape and position corresponds to the vascular supply of proximal femur. In Farouk et al cadaveric study, nutrient vessel arises in 166 ± 10 mm from the greater trochanter and is a branch of the second perforating artery from the deep femoral artery. Knight et al infer that retrograde cement extrusion occurs in female patients with small stature and small endosteal canal. Cement extrusion unlikely will influence the long haul survival of prosthesis as shown in the radiograph that cement is well pressurized to interlock with the endosteal bone. Moreover, because of extensive anastomoses of perforating branches of the deep femoral artery, segmental obliteration of nutrient artery alone is unlikely to lead to vascularity issues. Cement extrusion into the nutrient foramen is a vital differential in presence of posterior medial cement in the diaphysis of the femur following total hip replacement. This is to differentiate from extra osseous extrusions due to the iatrogenic breach of the femoral cortex suggesting periprosthetic fracture which affects the long term survival of prosthesis.
Sepsis Mortality Score Using Multi-Marker Approach for the Prediction of Mortality in Septic Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Wan Muhd Shukeri Wan Fadzlina , Md. Ralib Azrina , Mat-Nor Mohd Basri
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Clinical scoring methods such as the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score are frequently used to predict outcome in sepsis, with limited capacity. Further tools for risk assessment of septic critically ill patients would thus be useful. Our purpose was to derive a scoring method i.e. Sepsis Mortality Score using multimarker approach for the prediction of 30-day mortality in septic critically ill patients, and compare its performance to the SOFA score. Materials and method: This prospective study included 159 septic patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). Leukocytes count, procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), paraoxonase (PON) and arylesterase (ARE) were assayed from blood draws obtained on ICU presentation. Logistic regression was used to identify an optimal combination of these biomarkers to create the Sepsis Mortality Score, which was the predicted probability of 30-day mortality. Results: The 30-day mortality rate was 28.9%. In the logistic regression model, leukocytes count, PCT, IL-6 and ARE remained as independent biomarkers. The areas under curve (AUC) of the Sepsis Mortality Score derived from these biomarkers was 0.814 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.736-0.892), better than the SOFA score (AUC 0.767 (95% CI 0.677-0.857). Addition of Sepsis Mortality Score on SOFA score showed an even better prediction of 30-day mortality (AUC 0.845 (95% CI 0.772-0.919)). Conclusion: Multi-marker approach using leukocytes count, PCT, IL-6 and ARE, combined with the SOFA score, might provide a valuable tool for risk assessment of septic critically ill patients.
Suppression of Otoacoustic Emission using Schroeder Harmonic Complexes as Suppressing Stimuli
Authors: Suratman Fazlin Binti
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Medial Olivocochlear Reflex (MOCR) causes inhibition of outer hair cell activity upon noise stimulation and acts as protective mechanism of the ear against noise. MOCR  can be recorded through the suppression of Otoacoustic Emission (OAE). The mechanism of MOCR function was still unclear and whether the function is affected by the phase of incoming noise requires further investigation. This research aimed to identify the effect of MOCR activity ; i) at different frequency; ii) when using different phases of Schroeder harmonic complexes as the suppressor noise.  Materials and method: Twenty six normal hearing subjects were recruited. The suppression was analysed by looking at amplitude difference of Distortion Product of Otoacoustic Emission (DPOAE) in the absence of noise and in the presence of noise in contralateral ear, at different tested frequencies (1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6 kHz).  Results: There was significantly higher suppression amplitude for frequency 1-2 kHz compared to higher frequencies (p<0.05). Significant higher suppression was observed when negative phase of Schroeder harmonic complexes (c: -1) was used as suppressing stimuli compared to that of positive phase (c: +1) (p<0.05).  Conclusion: These findings showed that MOCR; i) is enhanced at mid-frequency region, and ii) has the ability to inhibit the outer hair cell active mechanism differently upon stimulation with different phases of noise.
The Cytotoxicity Effect of Spermidine -Sulphur Analogues Type 1 (Ssa-1) And Type 2 (Ssa-2) against Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells (A549), Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells (Hct-8), and Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells (Mcf-7)
Authors: Jamil Masnizahani binti , Ghani Radiah Abdul , Sahabudin Adzly Hairee , Ni Fong Fiona How
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Over accumulation of polyamines is one of the causes of cancer because polyamines could promote the cancer cells growth. Due to the lack of specificity and increased reports of side effects in the current cancer treatment, one of the strategies to overcome the challenges is by utilizing polyamines as vectors of known cytotoxic compounds to target the cancer cells. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity effect of Spermidine Sulphur Analogues Type 1 and Type 2 (SSA-1 and SSA-2) against human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549), human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HCT-8) and human breast adenocarcinoma cell (MCF-7).  Materials and method: The cytotoxicity studies of SSA-1 and SSA-2 against in vitro cells: A549, HCT-8, and MCF-7 were carried out by using MTT assay and the IC50 in each cell was determined.  Results: SSA-1 exhibited cytotoxicity effect in all selected cell lines with IC50 between 2.0 mM to 5.3 mM. While SSA-2 also exhibited cytotoxicity effect in all cell lines with IC50 between 0.8 mM to 5.0 mM.  Conclusion: SSA-1 and SSA-2 were cytotoxic against A549, HCT-8, and MCF-7. However, the cytotoxic effect was not potent against these cell lines as a higher concentration of compounds was needed to inhibit the cells growth. Hence, it is suggested that further study on the cytotoxicity effect of SSA-1 and SSA-2 in other cell lines should be conducted and the formulation of the analogues based on sulphur should be amended by conjugating it with selected metal.
The Effects of Different Types of Stimulus and its Test-Retest Reliability on Cervical Evoked Myogenic Potential (Cvemp) Results
Authors: Mohd Saufi Mohamad Amir Faisal , Sulaiman Nur Hafizah , Rahmat Sarah
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (cVEMP) is used to evaluate the integrity of saccule and inferior vestibular nerve. There are a lot of factors affecting cVEMP results including stimulus types. This study was carried out to determine the effects of different stimuli on cVEMP results and its test-retest reliability. Materials and method: 25 normal hearing subjects were recruited. The cVEMP testing were performed in 2 sessions with 1 week gap between each sessions. The cVEMP waveforms were recorded in sitting upright position with electrodes placed at; i) upper one-third of sternocleidomastoid muscle for active electrode, ii) suprasternal notch for inactive electrode and, iii) middle of forehead for the ground electrode. The stimuli (500Hz tone burst, click, narrowband chirp and broadband chirp) were presented via insert phone at 95dBnHL. The cVEMP results (P13-N23 peak-to-peak amplitude, P13 latency and N23 latency) were recorded. Results: Result showed; i) 500Hz tone burst produced significantly largest amplitude; ii) narrowband chirp produced significantly shortest P13 latency; iii) broadband chirp produced significantly shortest N23 latency; iv) no significant difference of P13 and N23 latency were observed between two sessions; and v) significant difference of P13-N23 amplitude were observed between two sessions for all stimuli except for narrowband chirp. Conclusion: The 500Hz tone burst was observed to be the most ideal stimulus (produce highest amplitude). All stimuli produced good test-retest reliability in terms of latency. However, most of the stimuli produced poor test-retest reliability in terms of amplitude except for narrowband chirps.
The Level of Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Coping Strategies in Parents with Congenital Talipes Equinovarus Children
Authors: Awang Mohd Shukrimi , Abdul Razak Ardilla Hanim , Azizi Nurazlina , Bukhori Nur Amalina Syazwani , Mohamad Zainuddin Hanisah , Mat Zin Nora
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Having children with congenital anomalies, particularly congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) may impact the psychological wellbeing of the parents. This study is to assess the psychological impact of CTEV, the related factors, and the coping strategies used by the parents in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA), Kuantan, Pahang. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study involving 43 parents with CTEV child was conducted from 18 July till 27 August 2016 at Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan. Selfadministered Malay version of Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 items (DASS-21)1 is used to measure the psychological wellbeing of the parents and the Malay version of Brief COPE is used to measure coping strategies. Data were analysed using frequencies, percentages and Chi-square χ2 test. Results: There were 43 respondents, majority were Malay (90.7%), female (86%), and married (97.7%). Average age was 30.3 years old. 70% of the respondents were having a positional CTEV child and 30% have structural CTEV. Overall, prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among parents were very low. Only 9.3% experience depression, 11.6% experience anxiety, and only 2.3% was reported to be stress. The psychological wellbeing of the parents was not related with the parental age, gender, marital status, education level, and monthly income. The most common coping strategy used is religion, acceptance and positive reinterpretation. Conclusion: Only a few parents with structural and positional CTEV reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress and most of them use positive coping strategies such as religion, problem focused and dysfunctional focused.
The Relationship between Symptomatic Assessment and Clinical Signs of Dryness in Dry Eye Subjects
Authors: Ithnin Mohd Hafidz , Ariffin Azrin Esmady , Mohd Kamal Khairidzan
Published: January 2021

Introduction: There was no previous study to assess relationship between dry eye symptoms and signs in the local population. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship of symptomatic assessment and clinical signs of dryness in dry eye subjects. Materials and method: A Cross-sectional study with convenient sampling involving 321 subjects with 642 eyes was done. Subjects were divided into non-dry eye (NDE) and dry eye (DE) groups. The division of NDE and DE groups were done using two types of classification. In Classification 1(symptoms-based), DE was defined if the score of Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score was more than 33. The value of tear film break-up time (TFBUT) less than 5 seconds and Schirmer test with anaesthesia (STA) less than 5mm/5 minutes were considered as DE for Classification 2 (signs based). Results: There were poor correlations between OSDI and clinical signs of dryness in all subjects involved (p > 0.05). Similar findings were also noted within NDE subjects in Classification 1 and Classification 2. OSDI score was also not significantly correlated with the signs of dryness within DE subjects except with ocular protection index (OPI) (r = - 0.14, p = 0.047) in Classification 1 and with conjunctival lissamine green staining (CLGS) (r = 0.23, p = 0.040) in Classification 2. Conclusion: There were no significant correlation between the symptoms of dry eye and the clinical signs of dry eye. Therefore, the clinical diagnosis of dry eye can be made based on either just on the symptoms or the signs.
Traumatic Brain Injury Patterns on Ct Scan: A Comparison of Motorcyclist Versus Passenger Vehicle Patients Involved in Road Traffic Accidents
Authors: Hassan Radhiana , Mohamad Muniruddin , Azami Muhamad Zaim , Ali Husin , Pasi Hafizah
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury following road traffic accidents is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in Malaysia. We aim to determine the differences of traumatic brain injury patterns based on CT findings among motorcyclist versus passenger vehicle patients involved in road traffic accidents. Materials and method: This retrospective study was conducted in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA), Kuantan, Pahang. A total of 100 CT scan brains of patients who were involved in road traffic accidents were retrieved and reviewed, 50 of them were motorcyclists and the other 50 were passenger vehicles. Results: Fifty percent of the motorcyclists had an abnormal CT brain finding while only 24% of the passenger vehicle showed abnormal finding. Among motorcyclist, skull fracture was the most common finding (30%) followed by subdural hemorrhage (28%). Among passenger vehicle, the most common finding was subdural hemorrhage (10%) followed by subarachnoid hemorrhage, intraparenchymal haemorrhage and skull fracture (8% each). The motorcyclist had significantly higher rate of subdural haemorrhage, extradural haemorrhage, intraparenchymal contusion and skull fracture compared to passenger vehicle patients with p value of 0.02, 0.03, 0.007 and 0.005 respectively. Conclusion: The occurrence of traumatic brain injury was significantly higher among the motorcyclist compared to passenger vehicle patients involved in road traffic accidents. The findings of this study highlighted the need for taking further measures to increase safety among the motorcyclists.
Antibiotic Susceptibility Study Of Metal-Gentamicin Complexes Against Staphylococcus Aureus Biofilms
Authors: Shahdan Intan Azura , Mohd Sobri Fatimah Zahrah , Hizzuan Hanapi Mohammad Faiz , Ahmad Yusof Hanani , How Fiona N.-F.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Dental plaque is a structurally and functionally organized biofilm. Modern molecular biological techniques have identified about 1000 different bacterial species in the dental biofilm, twice as many as can be cultured. Inherent resistance of biofilm bacteria to conventional antibiotics is alarming. It induces antibiotic resistance to an order of three or more in magnitude greater than those displayed by planktonic bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is the most dominant bacterial species isolated from the saliva and dental plaques. One of the reasons for its pathogenicity is its ability to form biofilms. In this study, the resistance of S. aureus biofilms against a eries of metal-antibiotics, an alternative to the conventional antibiotics, was investigated. Materials and Methods: A series of metal-antibiotic complexes derived from gentamicin was synthesized to give metal-gentamicin complexes. The metal contents of all the compounds were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the gentamicin-antibiotic complexes against several strains of S. aureus biofilms was conducted using broth microdilution assay. Results: The results showed that S. aureus is susceptible against Co(II) and Fe(II) gentamicin complexes; all were tested at 0.25 to 1 mmol concentrations. Conclusion(s): Co(II) and Fe(II)-gentamicin complexes demonstrated antimicrobial activity.
Case Report: Dilemma To Save Or Not To Save A Tooth
Authors: Yap Yee Woo , Mohd Ali Azillah
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Dentigerous cyst is the most common odontogenic cysts that are associated with the crowns of permanent teeth. Treatment modalities normally include enucleation or marsupialization of the cyst. However, currently there are no standard assessment criteria to dictate which kind of treatment for certain cases. The purpose of this report is to describe the successful outcome of conservative surgical management of a large dentigerous cyst associated with an unerupted right maxillary permanent canine in an 8-year-old boy. The cyst was enucleated partially but leaving the cystic lining surrounding the unerupted canine in order to preserve the tooth. 3-year follow up revealed good healing with significant root formation and tooth eruption.
Clinical Resolution Of Periodontitis Among Diabetic Patients With Chronic Periodontitis CoMorbidity Under Medical-Dental Coordinated Care: A Preliminary Study In Kuantan
Authors: Yaacob Munirah , Han Tin Myo , Ismail Razida , Sidek Sorayah , Hari Padmini , Md Aris Mohd Aznan , Osman Iskandar Firzada , Thuraiappah Mahendran , Abdulla Fa'iza , Sein Than Tun , Saub Roslan Bin
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Clinical resolution of periodontitis (CRP) of type-2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis (T2DM-PD) after receiving non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) has been reported in the previous studies. This study aimed to evaluate CRP of T2DM-PD under medicaldental coordinated care (M-DCC). Materials and Methods: A 6-months follow-up quasi-experimental study was conducted among 20 subjects who received M-DCC in 2016. M-DCC included standard diabetic care provided by medical professional from 3 health clinics and NSPT provided by periodontal specialists from two periodontal specialist clinics. Target glycemic control achievement (TGCA) HbA1c 6.5% was assessed at baseline and 6 months after NSPT. Clinical resolution of PD was measured in terms of BPE, BOP %, CAL(mm), PPD(mm), PPD 4mm, PPD =4 mm and PPD 6mm at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Paired simple t test and ANOVA F test were applied to infer clinical resolution of periodontitis and its relation to TGCA. Results:  Mean (SD) of average BPE at baseline, 3- and 6-months were 3.52(0.34), 3.12(0.33) and 3(0.45) with (p<0.05); average PPD(mm) were 3.33(0.5), 3.23(0.75) and 2.73(0.57) with (p<0.05); PPD(%) 4mm were 71.03(12.33), 82.77(9.9) and 85.85 (8.9) with (p<0.05); PPD(%) =4 mm were 27.94(11.9), 16.97(10.01) and 13.71(9.1) with (p<0.05) ; PPD(%) 6mm were 8.04(4.32), 2.66(2.3) and 1.87(2.32) with (p<0.05). Significant resolution of BPE, CAL(mm) and PPD(mm) was noticed among two subjects who has changed from uncontrolled TGCA to controlled TGCA. Conclusion(s):  CRP and TGCA results have verified the effectiveness of M-DCC. A further clinical control trial with adequate sample size needs to confirm the results of the present study.
Effect Of 5% Binahong Leaves Extract Gel On Minor Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Authors: Diana Nur , Prasiska Intan
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is recurrent oral ulcers. RAS pain make patient difficult to speak, eat, swallow, and lowered patient's quality of life. Binahong leaves is a traditional medicine that has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, covering agents and antioxidants effect that can be used to cure RAS. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of binahong leaves extract gel for minor RAS healing. Materials and Methods: This study was an experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design which involved 20 RAS patients visiting USU Dental Hospital. Data collected by initial examination then controlled every day for the next three days. Pain scale is measured with visual analog scale. Erythematous halo is measured by the presence or absence of erythema. Ulcer size is measured by measuring the largest diameter of ulcer. Patient was asked to apply the extract thinly with cotton bud. Analysis of the data used Friedman Test and Cochran Test to determine the difference before and after treatment. Results:  The result showed significant reduction in pain scale p = 0.001 (p<0.05), erythema halo p = 0.001 (p<0.05), and ulcer size p = 0.001 (p<0.05). There is a reduction in pain scale, erythema halo, and ulcer size at the time of initial examination to first, second and third control. Conclusion(s):  The use of 5% binahong leaves extract gel was effective to reduce pain, erythema halo, and ulcer size of minor RAS.
Identification Of Naqli Knowledge During Motivational Session For Periodontitis Patients: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mat Baharin Nor Haliza , Wan Abdul Aziz Wan Nur Alwani , Ramli Haslinda
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Integrated approach of naqli and aqli knowledge is applied in most educational activities conducted in Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). Naqli is knowledge from al-Quran and as-Sunnah while aqli is rational knowledge or knowledge based on scientific evidence. Currently the integration of naqli and aqli knowledge in periodontology subject is at the initial stage of implementation. Motivational session for periodontitis patients is identified to be one of the educational activities that integrates the naqli and aqli knowledge. Therefore, this study is aimed to identify elements of naqli knowledge that can be included during motivational session in periodontal clinic. Materials and Methods: All consented Year Four Students in Faculty of Dentistry, USIM were subjected to an open ended interview. A qualitative method used was grounded theory which focused on the elements of naqli knowledge that may be incorporated in motivational session. The recorded interview was transcribed and analysed with constant comparison.Results: From the interview, it was found that hadith on importance and practice of siwak should be included as it may boost patients motivation towards periodontal care. The importance on taking care of the teeth as an amanah is another element identified that may change the patients attitude towards oral care. The frequency of brushing related with wudhuk and it sunnah was also recognized to assist patients in their daily oral care. Conclusion(s): For conclusion, the integration of naqli and aqli knowledge during motivational session is possible and it may upsurge patients motivation.
Identification Of PAX9 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism In Class III Malocclusion Patients With Mandibular Prognatism
Authors: Abu Bakar Noraini , Mokhtar Khairani Idah , Kharuddin Azrul Fazwan
Published: January 2021

Introduction: PAX9 (Paired box 9) gene is one of the genes which play significant role during craniofacial development. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in PAX9 has been associated with Class II/Division 2 malocclusion (with or without hypodontia). However, the relationship between PAX9 SNP marker (rs8004560) with mandibular prognathism (MP) has not been analysed, at least in our local population. This study aimed to detect the presence of PAX9 (rs8004560) SNP in Class III malocclusion patients (with MP) in the local population. Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA were extracted from unstimulated saliva of 31 class I malocclusion (control samples) and 30 patients from Class III malocclusion (MP). Cephalometric measurements were performed prior to saliva samples collection. The DNA was amplified using the specific primers for the marker rs8004560 and the genotyping was done by sequencing. Chi-square test was used to determine the overrepresentation of marker allele (p<0.05). Results:  Presence of PAX9 SNP (rs8004560) was detected in local population analysed and the distribution of its genotype and allele could be observed. There were significant differences between allele (p=0.000) and genotype (p=0.000) frequency within control (Class I) and Class III malocclusion. Conclusion(s): The most common allele of a marker flanking PAX9 (rs8004560) was over-represented in the mandibular prognathism (MP) subjects indicating the genetic association of PAX9 (rs8004560) SNP in the incidence of MP. Further studies involving larger number of samples should be developed in order to understand the exact role and mechanism of PAX9 in different classes of malocclusions.
Oral Health Literacy Of First Year University Students
Authors: Jaafar Azlan , Rosli Rafiuddin , Shamsulhuda Nursyazwani , Samsudin Ahmad Dzulfikar , Mumin Nazirah Ab
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Oral health literacy (OHL) can be different between science stream and non-science stream students as the exposure to knowledge of science is low among non-science stream. This situation can lead to unhealthy oral health behaviour and later increase the oral health problem among the non-science stream group. Thus, the study conducted aimed to compare the oral health literacy among science stream and non-science stream students and other factors associated, among first year students of Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). Materials and Methods: A crosssectional study was conducted among 256 students from various faculties of USIM consisted of both science and non-science stream group. A validated Malay version, self-administered questionnaire of Oral Health Literacy Instrument (OHLI) was used to assess their OHL. Data gathered was later analysed using IBM SPSS version 21.0. Multiple logistics regression was used to determine the associated risk factors of OHL. Results: Study indicated that science stream students compared to non-science stream students have higher oral health literacy (OR= 6.98; 95% CI= 3.64, 13.39; p< 0.001). Besides, students whom their mother's education level are high have higher OHL compared to their counterparts (OR= 2.31; 95%CI= 1.24, 4.28; p= 0.008). Conclusion(s): An exposure to indepth knowledge of science has an effect on OHL. Science stream students have high oral health literacy compared to non-science group. This finding give some ideas on suitable methods of oral health promotion that can be implemented among science and non-science stream background of students especially in school.
THE SOFT POWER OF SOUTH KOREA
Authors: Lale Aybala
Published: January 2021

The phenomenon of power in International Relations is among the concepts often discussed. The concept of ‘power’ with rising realism in 20th century was understood as military and economic power; power extends beyond this meaning today and incorporates different elements. In this context, ‘soft power’ has become one of the most important and referred concepts in International Relations. The concept of soft power, which can be defined as the ability of an actor to make another actor to do something it would not likely do itself, is shaped through elements such as culture, politics, economics, diplomacy. In particular, the complex structure of international relations today makes the international actors’ use of their ‘soft power’ potentials convenient. Today, the rapid leap in science and technology, especially the internet, has made it easier for states to produce, execute and disseminate soft power policies, making the use of soft power a kind of indispensable for a peaceful environment. In this study, the concept of power was first discussed within the framework of different approaches. Then the concept of hard power, which is one of the power types, is defined as the opposite of the concept of soft power. The main axis of the study, Joseph Nye's concept of soft power, was evaluated within the framework of International Relations and South Korea was examined as an example of soft power. Elements of soft power have been laid out in the context of the diplomatic, economic, cultural and political implications possessed by rising power South Korea. South Korea is particularly successful in presenting popular culture as the most basic source of its soft power.
Humour Stereotypes and their role in the emergence of interethnic and international conflicts
Authors: Gnezdechko Oksana Oksana gnezdechko
Published: January 2021

The article examines the main ethnic stereotypes, prerequisites and ways of their formation in a humorous discourse presented by the genre of anecdote. The main means of ethnic prejudices of humorous stereotypes expression, the reasons and methods of their formation are analyzed. A new principle of their classification is given according to the consideration of stereotypes from the standpoint of psycholinguistics. The paper also presents the schemes of humor perception by Russian and German ethnic groups. Using the material of anecdotes as the main form of modern humorous culture, it is shown how these schemes work and how ethnic stereotypes manifest themselves in an anecdote, how the relevance of stereotypes affects the change and disappearance of certain anecdotes from national everyday life.
The means of expressing ethnic prejudices in the discourse under consideration are negative-evaluative communicative strategies of value differentiation, distance, and discrediting foreigners.
Methods of translating non-equivalent legal vocabulary
Authors: Iunda Daria Ruslanovna
Published: January 2021

The article touches upon a subject of non-equivalent vocabulary. Translating legal terms, which primarily include legal realias, denoting concepts, that are not present in the target language, is a rather difficult procedure.
Diagnostic Role of Osteopontin in Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Goyal Meena , Jaswal Shivani , Garg Kranti , Gupta Seema , Dey Soma , Dutta Kashish
Published: January 2021

Objective: Early diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) is desirable not only to better define pathobiological mechanisms, but also to customize treatment protocols. As osteopontin (OPN) expression may be linked to the fibrotic remodelling in ILD, this present study was planned to evaluate the usefulness of its estimation in serum for the diagnosis of ILD.Material and Methods: Serum OPN levels were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 52 diagnosed cases of ILD, that were then compared with 46 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and 46 apparently healthy controls.Results: Median levels of serum OPN were found to be significantly higher in patients with ILD, 2.186 nanograms per milliliter (ng/ml), as compared to patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and healthy controls (1.687 and 1.923 ng/ml, respectively). The best cutoff levels of OPN, for diagnosis of ILD, was found to be >1.08 ng/ml; with a sensitivity of 88.4% and specificity of 32.6%. Of the various subtypes, serum OPN levels were found to be highest in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features; although the difference in levels between various subgroups was not found to be statistically significant (p-value=0.495).Conclusion: Serum concentration of OPN was found to be increased in patients with ILD and may be used to aid diagnosis. This opens new avenues for future research in patients with ILD, not only for the validation of the diagnostic abilities of OPN, but also as a potential target in its treatment.
Peningkatan Kapasitas BPD sebagai Mitra Pemerintah Desa dalam Pengembangan Potensi Pariwisata Desa di Kecamatan Baturaden
Authors: Pamuji Kadar , Ardhanariswari Riris , Asyik Noor
Published: January 2021

Sektor pariwisata merupakan salah satu andalan daerah sebagai sumber Pendapatan Asli Desa. Kabupaten Banyumas memiliki sumber utama Pendapatan Asli Desa untuk sektor pariwisata yaitu dari Lokawisata Baturraden di Kecamatan Baturraden. Keberadaan Lokawisata Baturraden sangat mendukung kemajuan desa pendukung di sekitar lokasi Loka Wisa, Sesuai amanat Pasal 18 UU No. 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa, bahwa Desa memiliki kewenangan di bidang penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Desa, penyelenggaraan Pembangunan Desa, pembinaan masyarakat Desa, dan pemberdayaan masyarakat Desa berdasarkan prakarsa masyarakat. Artinya desa dan seluruh elemen kelembagaan yang ada memiliki peluang untuk membangun desa berdasarkan potensi yang ada. Salah satu unsur penting dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dan pembangunan desa adalah Badan Permusyawaratan Desa. BPD berperan dalam merumuskan arah kebijakan pembangunan desa termasuk menginisiasi program pembangunan yang mendukung pengembangan sektor pariwisata di Kabupaten Baturraden. Peran Badan Permusyawaratan Desa adalah menyalurkan aspirasi masyarakat dalam proses penyusunan RPJM Desa, musyawarah Badan Permusyawaratan Desa, musyawarah desa, koordinasi dengan Pemerintah Desa, Pembahasan Peraturan Desa. Badan Permusyawaratan Desa berkoordinasi secara kelembagaan dengan pemerintah desa untuk menata potensinya dalam mengembangkan desanya, terutama untuk mendukung pariwisata. Kegiatan Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas BPD Loka Wisata Baturraden dalam mengembangkan potensi pariwisata desa. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa anggota BPD memahami peran untuk memberikan masukan pada pemerintah desa dalam menyusun rencana pembangunan Desa untuk mengembangkan potensi desa.
PRAGMATIC TEXT ADAPTATION WHEN TRANSLATING THE INTERVIEW FROM RUSSIAN TO ENGLISH (ON THE MATERIAL OF THE SITE OF THE TOGLIATTA STATE UNIVERSITY)
Authors: Petrova V.V. , Murduskina O.V.
Published: January 2021

In the article the author examines the peculiarities of implementing pragmatic adaptation while translating interviews from Russian to English. In addition, there were identified the main types of pragmatic adaptation that the translator used in the process of translating the interviews. There were also described the main translation techniques needed to translate the pragmatics of the original text into English.
ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF BUDGET REVENUES OF THE AMUR REGION IN 2020-2022
Authors: Sozonova A.A.
Published: January 2021

Give a brief socio-economic description of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, with the help of the corresponding law make calculations, draw up analytical tables (or diagrams) and draw conclusions about the state of the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
ON THE TEACHING OF THE CULTURE OF THE INDIGENOUS SMALL PEOPLES IN THE CONDITIONS THE POLYCULTURAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE INDUSTRIAL AREAS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA)
Authors: Pavlova-Borisova T.V. , Sivtsev E.V.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of preserving the ethnic identity of the Yakut population in the conditions of the Russian-speaking environment in such a region of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) as the city of Lensk. The authors of the article, and this is the relevance of the work, for the first time on the basis of the analysis, come to the conclusion that the appeal to the Yakut culture and literature in the educational process plays a great role in overcoming the problems that have arisen in replenishing the lost knowledge about the native culture and fostering respect for it, folklore, musical art.
Le travail avec les familles en clinique de la douleur de l’enfant et de l’adolescent
Authors: Reiter F.
Published: January 2021

Les enfants et adolescents qui consultent au Centre de la douleur et de la migraine de l’enfant et de l’adolescent (CDMEA) présentent pour la plupart des douleurs chroniques — douleurs musculosquelettiques, céphalées, douleurs abdominales, syndrome douloureux régional complexe de type 1 (SDRC1), etc. Elles sont installées depuis quelques mois à parfois plusieurs années selon les situations. Les demandes diffèrent d’un patient et d’une famille à l’autre. La souffrance qui perdure peut mener à une rupture dans le développement de l’enfant ou de l’adolescent en empêchant son autonomisation. Le parent peut se sentir impuissant à aider son enfant. À travers deux vignettes cliniques, nous aborderons comment les consultations du psychologue avec les familles peuvent ouvrir à la possibilité de changement et permettre une modification dans les règles de fonctionnement de la famille : laisser une place différente à chacun.