bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study Results of the 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate Content in Erythrocytes of Patients with Malignant Neoplasm Anemia in Genitourinary Organs Cancer
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine. 9, Dorogozhytskaya Str., Kyiv 04112, Ukraine, Borysenko D. A.
Published: October 2021

Every year, more than 6 million people are diagnosed with and more than 4 million people die from cancer all over the world, which is approximately 10% of the total mortality. The incidence of cancer in Ukraine shows a gradual increase, with the number of newly diagnosed patients 304-308 per 100 thousand people. Bladder cancer ranks second in the world among oncological diseases of the urinary system after prostate cancer. In the later stages of diseases, their course may be associated with malignant neoplasm anemia. The purpose of the study was to study the content of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in erythrocytes of peripheral venous blood of patients with malignant neoplasm anemia with urothelial bladder cancer and prostate cancer, depending on the severity of anemia; to evaluate the possible diagnostic and prognostic value of the studied indicator. Materials and methods. 96 patients (64 men and 32 women) with urothelial bladder cancer were examined. There were 39 patients (28 men and 11 women) among them, the course of their underlying disease was not accompanied by the presence of anemia (first (I) observation group) and 57 patients (36 men and 21 women), the course of their underlying disease was aggravated by malignant neoplasm anemia (second (II) observation group). Also, 48 men with prostate cancer whose course of the disease was not aggravated by malignant neoplasm anemia (19 men) (third (III) observation group) and 29 men (fourth (IV) observation group) were diagnosed with malignant neoplasm anemia. The age of the patients under the survey was from 22 to 79 years old. All patients were examined after verifying the diagnosis and before starting any treatment. The content of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in erythrocytes of peripheral venous blood was determined by the method of I. S. Luganova, M. N. Blinov (1975). Results and discussion. The content of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in peripheral venous erythrocytes of patients with malignant neoplasm anemia due to urothelial bladder cancer and prostate cancer has been studied. It was found that malignant neoplasm anemia in patients with urothelial bladder cancer and prostate cancer is associated with an increase in the studied indicator (p<0.05). The article discusses the possible causes and pathogenetic mechanisms of the identified changes. Conclusion. Patients with urothelial bladder cancer and prostate cancer have an imbalance of energy metabolism that occurs in erythrocytes. This process is manifested by an increase in the amount of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate
Features of Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors:   Dnipro State Medical University. 9, Vernadsky St., Dnipro 49044, Ukraine, Makarov S. O.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the study was to explore the structure of cognitive impairment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and to determine the factors associated with its development. Materials and methods. Advanced examination of 64 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus was carried out. Neurological disorders were diagnosed in 54 patients (84.38% of patients). These patients were included in the main study group (group 1). In 10 (15.62% of patients) patients, these manifestations were not found and they entered the control group (group 2). The object of the study was cognitive impairment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. To assess the cognitive status of patients, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale was used, a widely used questionnaire that evaluates cognitive functions across multiple domains. The laboratory study included blood tests to identify the type and titer of antinuclear antibodies, lupus anticoagulant, and antiphospholipid antibodies, in particular, anti-cardiolipin antibodies. Results and discussion. It was found that the complaints that patients usually present to describe impaired cognitive functions (such as "memory deterioration", "memory impairment", "decreased attention", "difficulty concentrating", etc.) were among the most common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Thus, complaints of memory impairments were expressed by 37 patients (57.81% CI 45.71-69.91), impaired attention and concentration – 41 patients (64.06% CI 52.31-75.82), and between these complaints a strong correlation was established (r = 0.83; p <0.001). The results of the examination of patients using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale showed that the average indicator among all examined is 25.0 (22.0; 27.5) points in the main group – 24.0 (22.0; 26.0) points, which is statistically significantly less (p <0.001) compared with the control group – 28.0 (27.0; 29.0) points. It was found that among patients who scored less than 26 points on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale, there was a statistically significant decrease in indicators in the domains of memory, attention, and speech (p <0.001). It was found that there is a correlation between the presence of anti-cardiolipin antibodies with CD (determined by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale) (rs = -0.56; p <0.001), the same correlation was found in relation to lupus anticoagulant (rs = -0.56; p <0.001). Conclusion. Cognitive dysfunction is one of the most common neurological manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. Among the examined patients, decrease in indicators in the domains of memory, attention and speech is the most often observed. Cognitive dysfunction may be associated with the production of certain classes of autoantibodies: antiphospholipid antibodies (in particular, anti-cardiolipin antibodies) and lupus anticoagulant
Interdisciplinary Approach to Improving the Organization of Surgical Care for Patients with Thyroid Pathology
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine. 9, Dorogozhytskaya Str., Kyiv 04112, Ukraine, Klimenko I. A. , Tolstanov O. K.
Published: October 2021

The interdisciplinary approach is recognized as the gold standard for organizing medical care for patients with oncological pathology. It is declared at the normative level in Ukraine, but the forms and methods of work, channels and methods of communication of specialists are not detailed. This requires further research, in particular, when providing surgical care to patients with thyroid pathology. The purpose of the study was to investigate the state of activity organization of multidisciplinary teams in the provision of surgical care to patients with thyroid pathology and to propose approaches for its improvement. Materials and methods: accounting forms No. 003 for 2019 (1208 units), constituent and administrative documents for the institution, department regulations, job descriptions, clinical pathway of patients (15 units in total). The base of research was communal non-profit enterprise "Kiev City Clinical Endocrinological Center". The methods, which were used, are systematic approach, medical and statistical, medical and geographical methods, content analysis, graphic. Results and discussion. Patients of the Department of Endocrine Surgery were from almost all regions of Ukraine. 3.5% of patients were referred by a general practitioner, 55.7% - by an endocrinologist, 40.1% - independently applied. Malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland was detected in 33.9% of patients, non-toxic multinodular goiter – in 25.2%, benign neoplasm – in 16.3%. In 448 (37.1%) patients, 687 concomitant diseases and complications were identified. Their structure consisted of diseases of the heart and circulatory system – 40.0%, eye diseases – 3.1%, diseases of the nervous system – 2.0%. In order to meet the needs of patients, instrumental and laboratory studies, consultative examinations, consultations and surgical interventions were carried out. The low level of communication between inpatient doctors and outpatient doctors has been shown. This was the reason for the excessive length of stay in bed – 12.6 ± 2.7 days. There is a separate participation of specialist doctors in accompanying patients in the hospital. It was proposed to formalize the official status and develop a typical provision for a multidisciplinary team of specialists; joint discussion, debate, data exchange within the team and with outpatient doctors; afford access to corporate information for the team and coordinate the work of authorized employees. Conclusion. Improving the efficiency of multidisciplinary teams is possible by strengthening collaboration within the team and communication with outpatient doctors
Prevention of Defects of Medical Care in Obstetrics and Patient Safety
Authors:   OO Bohomolets National Medical University. 13, T. Shevchenko Boulevard, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine, Babkina O. P. ,   Kyiv City Clinical Forensic Medical Examination. 4, Dokuchaevska St., Kyiv 03141, Ukraine
Published: October 2021

The question of determining the improper performance of their professional duties by health professionals due to negligent and dishonest relation to professional duties, which leads to serious consequences, including fatal ones, in patients remains open. To address these issues, criminal proceedings are opened, which are entered into the Unified Register of pre-trial investigations on the grounds of a criminal offense under Part 1 of Article 140 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The purpose of the study was to analyze the situation with the quality of medical care by obstetricians and gynecologists and the analysis and synthesis of defects identified during forensic examinations. Materials and methods. During the study, 30 cases of medical care by obstetricians and gynecologists were studied and analyzed, and an analysis of the identified defects in medical care was performed. Results and discussion. One of the medical specialties in which there are cases of improper performance of professional duties is obstetrics and gynecology. Special knowledge is required to clarify the circumstances relevant to the criminal proceedings, to establish the presence / absence of defects in the provision of medical care, as well as to establish a causal link between the identified defects in the provision of medical care and the occurrence of serious consequences for the patient, so there is a need for forensic examinations. As a result of our analysis, we found that obstetricians and gynecologists in most cases provide quality medical care, in accordance with generally accepted recommendations. However, during forensic examinations, defects in the provision of medical care were still observed both in the organization of medical care and defects in diagnosis, treatment and prevention. These can be both defects in the form of inaction of the doctor, and defects in the form of performance of action which is shown, but executed incorrectly by the doctor at rendering of medical care. In 22% of medical care for pregnant women we found the presence of defects (in the form of inaction of the doctor), which led to serious consequences. Сonclusion. However, it should be noted that these cases are unsystematic and rather an exception to the general practice. In the future, to prevent the occurrence of defects in medical care, it is necessary to timely identify defects and analyze them, conduct medical consultations, clinical conferences, continuous professional training of doctors, which will significantly improve the provision of medical care in obstetrics
Forecast Criteria for Forensic Medical Assessment of the Severity of Injuries in Subcutaneous Fractures of the Lower Limb Bones
Authors:   Kharkiv National Medical University. 4, Nauky Avenue, Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine, Sokol V. K.
Published: October 2021

Currently, to determine the severity of injuries in case of adverse effects of subcutaneous fractures of the lower extremities, several forensic examinations are conducted at the stage of treatment, which may lead to loss of confidence in the results of forensic expert opinion of the victims, accompanied by economic losses. Therefore, predicting the consequences of such injuries is an urgent scientific and practical problem of forensic medicine. The purpose of the study is to develop prognostic criteria for forensic assessment of the severity of injuries in fractures of the femur and tibia. Materials and methods. The object of the research was 180 "Expert conclusions (examination of the case file)" with the establishment of the severity of injuries in victims of road accidents: subcutaneous isolated and fractures of the femur (24; 13.3%), tibia – (64; 35.6%); fractures of these bones as the leading injury in polytrauma – (92; 51.1%). In 120 (66.7%) expert opinions the average degree of severity of bodily injuries was established as favorable consequences of road accidents (main sample). In 60 (33.3%) cases, adverse effects of injury were observed with the establishment of severe injuries (a control sample). Research methods which were used are expert examination of the victim with anthropometric studies; radiation diagnostics; alternative computational forecasting. Results and discussion. According to the results of retrospective analysis of the results of treatment, 25 risk factors for adverse effects of subcutaneous fractures of the femur and tibia were identified. The main ones are: passive participation in a road traffic injury as a pedestrian (87.5% in the main sample and 91.7% in the control); combined trauma (70.8% and 75.0%, respectively), multifracture (66.7% and 95.0%, respectively); age >41 years old (48.3% and 81.7%, respectively) and a frontal collision with a car (51.7% and 70.0%, respectively). Risk factors such as intraoperative misalignment of the fragments of the femur and violation of the terms of postoperative X-ray control (23.8% in the main group and absence in the control group) were relatively uncommon. Conclusion. Numerical values of prognostic coefficients of the most probable factors potentiating adverse effects of subcutaneous fractures of long bones of the lower extremities are established. The most informative are: intra-articular multifracture fracture (prognostic coefficient equals -9; I=1.44); multifragmental diaphyseal fracture (prognostic coefficient equals -7; I=1.20); non-elimination of intraoperative displacement of long bone fragments (prognostic coefficient equals -6; I=1.04); discrepancy of the sizes of a clamp to anatomic sizes of the damaged bone (prognostic coefficient equals -6; I=1,04); violation of the terms of postoperative X-ray control (prognostic coefficient equals -4; I=0.50)
On the Issue of Functional Vestibular Disorders and Methods of Their Correction in Foreign Students
Authors:   Kharkiv National Medical University. 4, Nauky Avenue, Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine, Kyrychenko M. P. , Shenger S. V. , Goncharova A. V. , Dunaeva O. V.
Published: October 2021

Vestibular stimulations influence the somatic-vegetative functions of the organism, including the muscular system. The prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle among students and, especially foreign students, in combination with a prolonged fixed position of the head, promotes to the development of functional-vestibular disorders. This affects both the academic progress and health state of these students. The purpose of the work was to study the influence of vestibular disorders of the motor and visual analyzers, with the following correction of these disorders by using relax gymnastics with yoga elements. Materials and methods. The study was carried out during 4 months, and included 52 students from India, studying at the 2nd year of Kharkiv National Medical University. A block of anamnestic and diagnostic-instrumental research methods was used. Results and discussion. As a result of the observations, it was found that the initial level of body physical development and the degree of an adequacy of the mode of mental work and rest to the nature of the educational process play a large role in the degree of occurrence of vestibular reactions. Particular attention was paid to the assessment of vestibular stability, which was reduced in 21 out of 52 students, which was noted on the basis of the presence of 2 or more parameters defined during the study. These students were included in the experimental group (12 people) and the control group (9 people). All these students had either a reduced level of physical development or various deviations in the level of body physical development. For the students of experimental group three-months cycle of relax-training gymnastics with yoga elements was proposed. For all students, vestibular irritations reduced the accuracy of the performed movements, but for students with a reduced level of physical development, these indicators were worse and more stable. As a result, the students of the experimental group demonstrated positive dynamics of the correction for vestibular adaptation to the studying process in comparison with the students of the control group that did not demonstrate the same results. Conclusion. The results of the investigation which was carried out allow to formulate the following conclusions: 1) Vestibular reactions depend on the initial level of physical development of students and the nature of the educational process; 2) Regular stimulations of the vestibular apparatus on the background of relaxation and training exercises with yoga elements contribute to an increase in the motor functions of the body; 3) Vestibular irritations cause more frequent and expressed somatic reactions in comparison with vegetative ones
Excitation Indicators of 18-Year-Old Young People with Phlegmatic Type of Temperament
Authors:   Ganja State University. 429, Hedyar Aliev Ave., Ganja AZ2000, Azerbaijan Republic, Rustamova T. V.
Published: October 2021

The relevance of the problem we are investigating lies in the fact that in recent years, the influence of unsatisfactory psychosocial, environmental factors and the biopsychosocial essence of a person leads to a violation of adaptation, the development of stress, the formation of psychosomatic disorders. This is also explained by the aggravation of contradictions. The purpose of the study was to explain the role of temperament in stressful influences by studying the methods of psychophysiological testing of students of various courses under the influence of examination stress, which is a model of emotional stress. The need for the development of a modern person as a person is becoming ever higher. There are several main criteria for assessing a person: social productivity, tolerance to emotional stress, creativity, special position in society, etc. All criteria are involved in the full formation of a person's personality and are considered important for assessing the level of his development. It is known that psychoemotional stress plays an important role in the occurrence of a number of serious diseases. Materials and methods. The study involved 5 phlegmatic male teenagers aged 18 years studying at the Faculty of Biology and Chemistry. In 18-year-old phlegmatic persons, the difference in assessments of situational and individual anxiety is obvious on a typical day, before and after the exam. It also depends on the nature and type of species. Measurement and comparison of the level of situational excitability on ordinary days among young people of 18 years old shows that among four groups (phlegmatic, choleric, sanguine and melancholic) the level of situational excitability on ordinary days does not differ significantly. Results and discussion. The results obtained during the study indicate that there is the effect of examination stress on the level of situational excitability of young people with phlegmatic type. Thus, an increased level of excitability in persons with a phlegmatic type against the background of the examined emotional stress can lead to changes in the state of human health and manifestations of a number of diseases. Based on this, in the educational process, certain approaches are recommended in accordance with the characteristics of the types of the nervous system, in which some diseases can be prevented. Conclusion. Analysis of the numerical average between the level of situational excitability and the situation after the exam shows that the level of situational excitability in the situation before the exam was only slightly higher than in the situation after the exam. An analysis of the numerical average between personal anxiety and the post-exam situation shows that the personal anxiety level was at the same level before and after the exam, and the change was not significant
Effects of Students thinking Styles on Classroom Participation and Academic Achievements: A Case Study of Pakistani Students
Authors: Mohsin Muhammad Nadeem , Naureen Bushra , Rana Kishwer Naheed
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The main objective of the study was to identify different thinking styles of students during classroom participation, to assess students’ level of classroom participation in relation to their thinking styles and find out the association of demographic variable (gender, age, location) with thinking styles, classroom participation and academic performance of students, to examine the effect of students’ thinking styles on their classroom participation.

Methodology: The participants were 1320.  The researcher uses random sampling technique to select the sample. The questionnaire for student’s thinking styles, questionnaire for Student’s classroom participation, questionnaire for student’s academic performance were used.

Findings: The results indicated that there are no significant on Factors Legislation, Executive, Global, monarchic and Internal. The post hoc show the significant different among the different variables e.g. Legislative, Executive, Global, Monarchic and Internal. And the results toward participation quality also shows that there is significance difference existed in participation quality.  The other variable age shows that up to 22 respondents show significance different.

Implications: Teacher and students understand the thinking styles of each other and know about the actual and required thinking style. Teacher should easily continue their attention and improve their knowledge about students need on the through communication and feedback from the students.
Analysis of Energy Projects Financial Efficiency and Renewable Energy Generation in Russia
Authors: An J. , Mikhaylov A. Yu.
Published: October 2021

The authors study the development of the oil and gas industry and assess the financial efficiency of the use of renewable energy sources, which determine the relevance of the research topic. The purpose of this work is to study the effectiveness of the development of the Russian energy sector and its contribution to the world economy. The main question to which this article should give an answer is that how the Russian power industry will develop in corresponding to the global trends in energy consumption. This paper uses a method for finding the parameters of the efficiency of renewable energy sources using exponential smoothing. The paper uses data from the analytical report of British Petroleum and the Bloomberg system for the period from January 2012 to December 2019. The result of the study shows an improvement in the accuracy of the predicted values, while previous models had higher standard error estimates. The novelty of the study is to achieve accurate results of the forecast of fossil-fuel consumption for 3 years ahead (the forecast accuracy is 80.5). The article concludes that while Russian oil and gas projects are very important for the Russian economy until now, renewable energy projects are more beneficial. In addition, Russia does not seem to support the global trend towards a renewable and sustainable economy. Although oil and gas prices remain acceptable, unforeseen changes in the behavior of real buyers can hinder the efficiency of the Russian economy and lead to a disruption of Russia’s economic growth if Russia does not decisively steer towards renewable energy from now on. The growth of the Russian power industry corresponds to the global trends in fossil energy consumption (while fossil prices, thus incomes keep worsening), and thus innovative solutions for enhancing renewable energies must be adopted. The article proves that many pipeline projects (South Stream, Turkish Stream, Nord Stream 2) move the Russian energy sector back to the past because they just contradict existing trends.
Military and Political Influence on the Portfolio of Global Reserve Currencies
Authors: Alekseev M. Y. , Kolyandra P. A. , Cheskidov B. M.
Published: October 2021

This paper analyses a new concept presented in the works of B. Eichengreen, A.J. Mehl, L. Chitu “Mars or Mercury? The Geopolitics of International Currency Choice”, according to which the state’s possession of nuclear weapons is linked to its possession of reserve currency. The paperaimsto provide a detailed assessment of how gaining reserve currency status depends on the military and political potential of the state issuer. The researchmethodis an analysis of the historical material and the current state of the issue under discussion. The study shows the relationship between the global military and political leadership and control over the global financial infrastructure, which increases its importance as a space for interstate conflicts. It has been proven that neither the presence of military power nor the ability and willingness to provide partners with security guarantees do not predetermine the acquisition of the reserve status by the national currency. This status is acquired as a result of control over global investment processes, in the implementation of which military power plays a significant, but not exclusive role. This power, as the potential for economic and financial dominance, is a derivative of the scale and level of development of the national economy, with a key factor in its deep involvement in international trade. From the point of view of practical forecasting of economic, military and political development, the authorsconcludethat in the foreseeable future, despite the strengthening of its military potential, the PRC will not be able and, most likely, will not try to obtain the status of the yuan as a reserve currency. The United States, in turn, will increasingly use its dominance in the capital market and control over the global financial infrastructure as a tool to maintain global leadership. Further study of the considered issues will significantly increase the efficiency of forecasting economic processes in relation to the military and political situation.
Central bank Digital Currencies: Key Aspects and Impact on the Financial system
Authors: Sakharov D. M.
Published: October 2021

This research discusses various issues associated with central bank digital currency that is identified as a new form of money. This paper aims to identify the key prerequisites for the issuance of central bank digital currencies, to discuss the key characteristics of central bank digital currencies and analyze the possible impact of central bank digital currencies on the financial system. The author uses the methods of synthesis, analysis, logical method, comparison, induction, deduction. The research highlights the key principles that should be considered when making decisions on the issuance of central bank digital currency. The paper emphasizes that the issuance of central bank digital currency can be successful if it has competitive advantages over existing forms of fiat money. The research identifies the main characteristics of central bank digital currencies. The paper discusses whether central banks should pay interest on fiat digital currencies. The author notes that the impact of central bank digital currencies on the financial system is expected to vary in different periods of time depending on the phase of the economic cycle and the level of interest rates in the economy. The research shows that central bank digital currency will stimulate the digitalization of the financial system while at the same time it will not create additional risks to financial stability. Introducing central bank digital currency is primarily aimed at promoting the efficient payment system. Further research is needed into mechanisms for the technical implementation of digital currency issuance, taking into account the possible risks associated with introducing fiat digital money.
Evolution of bitcoin as a Financial Asset
Authors: Shilov K. D. , Zubarev A. V.
Published: October 2021

The cryptocurrency market debate resumed in 2020 with renewed vigour as the price of Bitcoin surpassed late 2017 highs. This study aims to analyse possible factors of Bitcoin’s pricing at various cryptocurrency market development stages — before the 2017 price bubble, after and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main method of analysis is a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model with conditional generalized error distribution (GARCHGED). Two groups of indicators are used as possible factors related to the Bitcoin dynamics. The first group consists of various quantitative indicators directly related to Bitcoin (the so-called internal factors) — the volume of exchange trade, the volume of transactions in the Bitcoin blockchain, the number of new and active wallets, hash rate, the sum of fees paid in the blockchain, as well as the dynamics of Google Trends search queries. The second group is the return on various financial assets — stock and bond indexes, commodities, and currency markets. The results of the analysis demonstrate the absence of a stable correlation between any of the factors under consideration and Bitcoin returns in all the periods that we focus on. In the period before the 2017 price bubble, the internal factors and Bitcoin returns showed generally co-directional dynamics, but the situation changed in 2018. In early 2021, the correlation between Bitcoin and traditional financial assets returns has increased significantly. We can conclude that Bitcoin is becoming a popular means of diversification as a high-risk asset, which, however, follows the pattern of a speculative bubble at the beginning of 2021. The increased demand for the need to invest in Bitcoin using various exchange-traded instruments (ETFs for cryptocurrencies) may soon lead to a further increase in the price of this cryptocurrency if such instruments are registered on the exchange.
Improving Tax Administration of VAT on Timber Export
Authors: Mitusova E. Yu.
Published: October 2021

The export of timber can be used by unscrupulous taxpayers in illegal schemes to reimburse VAT from the budget to obtain an unjustified tax benefit by overstating the amount of tax deductions, which confirms therelevanceof the research. Thesubjectof the paper is the economic relations between the exporting country and the importer of goods, works or services and their impact on VAT taxation. Theaimof the study is to identify the vulnerabilities of the current tax legislation in the field of value-added tax reimbursement and analyze the improvement and optimization of the mechanism for administering value-added tax to ensure national economic security and preserve federal budget revenues as a result of reducing the amount of budget funds reimbursed to taxpayers. The author applies suchmethodsas abstract-logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. As aresult, the study reveals the problems of illegal VAT refunds in the export of timber associated with the use of new methods by taxpayers to minimize tax liabilities and the complication of the form of contractual relations. The author makes aconclusionabout a possible solution to the problems of tax administration when taxpayers carry out export operations with exported products, using the experience of the functioning of the Charter of the agro-industrial complex. Thenovelty of the studylies in the proposal to adopt a ban on multi-stage sales and purchases by the tax authority as the basis for regulating the export of products outside the territory of the EAEU. This will exclude artificial price increases. The results obtained can be used in the further development of the tax administration system, in the analytical work of state bodies authorized to control and supervise taxes and fees.
Accounts Receivable in the Russian Economy: Regional Trends
Authors: Drobotova O. O.
Published: October 2021

Accounts receivable, being both a sales and financial category, is a key aspect of the development of modern market relations. At the same time, accounts receivable has become a complex object of only microeconomic research. Insufficient knowledge of accounts receivable at the macro level determined the relevance of the research. The subject area of the research is the total accounts receivable of Russian organizations. The aim of the study is to group Russian regions and types of economic activities depending on the conditions of conducting sales and payment activities. The methodology consists of a systematic approach, which allowed a comprehensive review of the object of research and macroeconomic analysis, which ensured the reliability and validity of the conclusions of the work. As a result, the author defines the total accounts receivable of organizations in the economy as an independent object of macroeconomic research. Based on the results of the analysis for 2000–2019, the author concludes that there is a high degree of correlation between sales revenue and accounts receivable of Russian organizations, as well as the presence of trends in the increasing importance of accounts receivable in sales and the reduction of its overdue part in the finances of organizations. The share of accounts receivable in the total sales revenue of organizations is taken as a generalized characteristic of the conditions for doing business in the sales activities of organizations, and in payment activities — the share of overdue total accounts receivable of organizations. The author’s matrix for express assessment of the conditions for conducting sales and payment activities of organizations in the economy constitutes the scientific novelty of the study. It made it possible to group the types of activities, regions and districts of the Russian Federation, depending on the specified conditions. The prospect for future research of the total accounts receivable of organizations in the economy is the search for tools to determine its optimal volume and structure to timely identify the factors of the upcoming crises of non-payment and overproduction, both in the economy as a whole and in individual commodity markets.
Coronomics, Financial support for the Economy and its Zombie-ing (In the Context of the Fifth Factor of Production)
Authors: Papava V. , Chkuaseli M.
Published: October 2021

The paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy and the corresponding atypical economic crisis, the role of the economic ability of the government during this crisis, aspects of financial support for the economy and the peculiarities of the zombie economy. The aim of the study is to research the actions of the economic ability of the government as an independent factor of production in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to the unfolding of the process of zombie-ing the economy. The research uses the methods of deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis, analogy and abstraction. The special functions of the government are considered within the context of the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic; particularly, we refer to the recognition of the fifth factor of production of the economic ability of the government. The main features of this atypical crisis are characterized. It is shown that the process of deglobalization during the COVID-19 pandemic characterizes the deglobalization of the economic ability of the government and that this process is temporary, since overcoming the global phenomenon of the pandemic and the economic crisis caused by it requires exclusively global efforts and measures. Particular attention is focused on the financial support of the economy from the economic ability of the government within the context of this economic crisis. The conclusion is that this support contributes to the process of zombie-ing the economy which took on a global character during the global financial and economic crisis of 2007–2009 and continued after its completion. Zombie-ing the economy is the result of a conflict between the political interests of the government and its economic ability when the latter is not able to overcome the barrier created by the former. A solution to this problem is possible through changes in bankruptcy legislation when its main principle of avoiding the unwanted bankruptcy of firms will be replaced by the principle of liquidation of unviable firms. Such a change in bankruptcy legislation can be implemented only during the economic upswing.
Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Gene Patterns Associated with Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli from Broiler Chickens in Qatar
Authors: Johar Alreem , Al-Thani Najlaa , Al-Hadidi Sara , Dlissi Elyes , Mahoud Mahmoud , Eltai Nahla
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the contributing agent behind the avian infectious disease colibacillosis, which causes substantial fatalities in poultry industries that significantly impact the economy and food safety. Several virulence genes have been shown to be concomitant with the extra-intestinal survival of APEC. This study investigates the antibiotic resistance patterns and APEC‐associated virulence genes content in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from non‐healthy and healthy broiler chickens from a commercial poultry farm in Qatar. Material and Methods: 158 E. coli strains were isolated from 47 chickens from five different organs (air sac, cloacal, kidney, liver, and trachea). Genomic DNA was extracted from E. coli using the QIAamp Pathogen Mini Kit. Multiplex PCR was executed to detect tsh, iucD, ompT, hlyF, iroN, iss, vat, cvi/cva genes associated with PPEC. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the standard Kirby-Bauer disk and E-test. Amplified virulence genes detected were sequenced and analyzed. Graph Pad version 8 and PAST software version 4.03 were used for statistical and clustering analysis. The chi-square test was performed on all data to compare the antibiotic resistance and virulence gene patterns between non-healthy and healthy chicken samples Results: 65% of the isolated bacteria were APEC strains containing five or more virulence genes, and 34% were non‐pathogenic E. coli (NPEC) strains. The genes ompT, hlyF, iroN, tsh, vat, iss, cvi/cva, and iucD were significantly prevalent in all APEC strains. E. coli isolates showed 96% resistance to at least one of the 18 antibiotics, with high resistance to ampicillin, cephalothin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and fosfomycin. Conclusions: Our findings indicate high antibiotic resistance prevalence in non-healthy and healthy chicken carcasses. Such resistant E. coli can spread to humans. Hence, special programs are required to monitor the use of antibiotics in chicken production in Qatar.
Anticancer Activity of Neosetophomone B, An Aquatic Fungal Secondary Metabolite, Against Hematological Malignancie S
Authors: Kuttikrishnan Shilpa , Prabhu Kirti S. , Elimat Tamam , Khalil Ashraf , Oberlies Nicholas H. , Alali Feras Q. , Uddin Shahab
Published: October 2021

Cancer is one of the most life threatening diseases, causing nearly 13% death in the worldwide. Leukemia, cancer of the hematopoetic cells is the main cause of cancer death in adults and children. Therapeutic agents used in treatment of cancer are known to have narrow therapeutic window and tendency to develop resistance against some cancer cell lines thus, proposing a need to discover some novel agents to treat cancer. In the present study we investigated the anticancer activity of Neosetophomone B(NSP-B), an aquatic fungal metabolite isolated from Neosetophoma sp against leukemic cells (K562 and U937). MTT results demonstrated a dose dependent inhibition of cell proliferation in K562 and U937 cell lines. Annexin staining using flow cytometry indicated that NSP-B treatment cause a dose dependent apoptosis in leukemic cells.Western blot analysis showed that NSP-B mediated apoptosis involves sequential activation of caspase 9, 3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Furthermore NSP-B treatment of leukemic cells resulted in upregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax) with downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins ( Bcl-2 ).Thus, present study focuses on exploring the mechanism of anticancer activity of NSP-B on leukemic cells, raising the possibility of its use as a novel therapeutic agent for hematological malignancies. Results: We sought to determine whether NSP-B suppresses the growth of leukemic cell lines. We tested a panel of leukemic cell lines with different doses of NSP-B. Cell viability decreased in a concentration-dependent manner in K562 and U937 cell lines. NSP-B induced apoptosis in K562 and U937 cell lines via downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins and enhancement of pro-apoptotic proteins. NSP-B induced the activation of caspase cascade signaling pathway. Altogether our results suggest that the NSP-B plays an important role in apoptosis in leukemic cell lines .Conclusions: Our data provides insight on anticancer activities of NSP-B in leukemic cell lines (K562 and U937). NSP-B inhibit cell viability via inducing apoptosis. The NSP-B mediated apoptosis occurs via downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins and enhancement of pro-apototic proteins, thereby activating the caspase-cascade signaling. Further studies are required to elicit role of NSP-B in regulating molecular pathway involved in the progression of cancer. Taken together, above results suggest that NSP-B may have a future therapeutic role in leukemia and possibly other hematological malignancies.
Reno-protective Effect of Angiotensin Receptor Blocker in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Models: A Systematic Review
Authors: AlDakhakhny Salma Mohammed , Ibrahim Mohamed Izham , Rathore Hassaan Anwer , Hamed Marwa Ibrahim Swilam Elsayed
Published: October 2021

Background Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is highly prevalent among hypertensive population. Previous date from studies and experiments have confirmed the reno-protective effect and tolerability of angiotensin receptor blockers in diabetic nephropathy. However, clinical data are lacking in hypertensive population. Objectives This is the first meta-analysis to evaluate the surrogate outcomes of renal protection with ARBs in hypertensive rodents to serve as a baseline for further studies. Methods The systematic review was conducted following the PRISM checklist. Four different databases were searched including PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect and SCOPUS. No restrictions were applied on dose, duration of follow up or ARBs used. Inclusion was restricted to experimental studies reporting means and SEM, published in English, addressing the PICO question and having a moderate to high quality. 37 total eligible articles were identified and Results: Of 25 reported primary outcomes in comparison to hypertensive untreated controls, 23 studies showed positive results supporting that ARBs induce reduction in proteinuria and/or albuminuria compared to hypertensive untreated controls. Similarly, in comparison to normotensive untreated controls, 9 of 12 studies showed positive results supporting that ARBs’ induced reduction in proteinuria and/or albuminuria can reach levels similar to normotensive controls. For the secondary outcomes, 12 of 18 reported outcomes showed significant improvement in CrCl or reduction in BUN compared to hypertensive untreated rats. Similarly, 10 of 17 outcomes reported showed that the improvement in secondary outcomes reached levels that are comparable to normotensive controls. Conclusion: Qualitative data from this systematic review support that ARBs have a Reno-protective effect in different hypertensive models and the effect is independent of BP lowering.
Bibliometric Analysis of Scholarly Output on Cardiovascular Disease- Related Research in Qatar: A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Huseen Suad Ibrahim , Elakel Ola Khaled , Awaisu Ahmed , Ibrahim Mohamed Izham
Published: October 2021

Background: Qatar is facing an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). CVDs research is one of the country's priority research areas according to Qatar National Research Funds (QNRF) and Qatar University research roadmaps. Tremendous amount of investment and funding has been dedicated to this area. Study objective: This bibliometric analysis study aimed to provide a quantitative and qualitative description of CVD-related research in Qatar over the last 20 years. Method: Literature search was conducted through Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Research published between 2000 and 2020 were included. A preliminary analysis was done for the 534 documents published in the period between 2018 - 2020. Results: There was about a 42% increase in publications from 2018 to 2020. Almost half of the publications (48%) were published in first quartile ranked journals (Q1). Stroke was the main covered research area. Approximately 44% of the publications had a main author from a Qatari affiliation, and 56% of the Qatari funded publication received the grants from QNRF. Conclusion: This study will serve as a tool for better allocation of funding and grants in CVD-related research. Upon the completion of the study, we will be able to visualize more clearly and make a conclusion about CVD-related research in Qatar.
Types and Severity of Medication-Errors with Automated Systems within Medication-Use Process: Systematic-Review
Authors: Mustafa Mariam , Al-Qahtani Najlaa , Yusuff Kazeem B.
Published: October 2021

Automated systems have been crucial to reducing medication errors and improving patient safety. However, their use has increased medication-errors associated with other factors:socio-technical interactions, automation bias, workarounds, and overrides. This comprehensive systematic review was conducted to identify types and severity of medication-errors associated with the use of automated system in all stages of the medication use process. This provides new perspectives that contribute significantly to global knowledge in the research area. Three databases were searched to include English-language observational and experimental studies(from 2000-2019) focused on types and severity of medication errors. A data-extraction form was developed, and quality was assessed using Hoy-et-al tool. The search yielded 860 articles after deduplication and thirteen were eligible. The bias risk was low for eight studies(62%) and moderate for five(38%). The medication-error types, and prevalence were omitted information(4-61%), wrong dose(4-30%), incorrect medication(1-18%), incorrect administration time(3-18%), and incorrect frequency(0.6%-21%) and occurred in the prescribing(62%) and administration(69%) stage. The error severity assessment used was NCC-MERP-index(46%), other(23%), or not conducted(31%). Omitted information and incorrect dose were the most common errors associated with automated systems in the prescribing and administration stages. However, the error severity and classification was inconclusive due to differences in study design and assessment criteria.