bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mission-Oriented Electrified Aircraft Propulsion System Design and Verification Using Model-Based Systems Engineering
Authors: Hu Zhenchao , Chen Jinwei , Lu Jinzhi , Zhang Huisheng
Published: January 2024

The concept of electrified aircraft propulsion (EAP) has garnered substantial attention and investigation due to its potential for mitigating fuel consumption, emissions, and noise. Present studies mainly concentrate on point design rather than systematic design space exploration. This paper considers the attainment of prescribed mission objectives as a paramount evaluation criterion and proposed a mission-oriented design and verification method based on model-based systems engineering (MBSE). Instead of using a general modeling language, this method develops a domain-specific metamodel library for EAP based on six meta-metamodels. A Mission-Operational-Functional-Logical-Physical (MOFLP) modeling methodology is provided to standardize EAP design process. Furthermore, the modeling process is integrated with the verification process by executable verification script. A case study about skydiving mission is conducted to verify the effectiveness of this method. The case results corroborate the utility of this method in the generation of an initial EAP solution. Such initial solution can serve as a fundamental benchmark for iterative design.
Upstream Electrohydrodynamic Conduction Pumping for Flow Distribution Control of Parallel Microchannel Evaporators
Authors: O'Connor Nathaniel , Talmor Michal , Yagoobi Jamal
Published: January 2024

Flow boiling in mini and microchannels has become an attractive option for many applications, such as compact and low-charge heat exchangers. Microchannel heat exchangers, however, are more susceptible to maldistribution between parallel flow channels. When operating during uneven heat load conditions, the maldistribution becomes even more severe. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) conduction pumping technology offers an innovative way to redistribute flow between parallel branches in a microchannel heat exchanger and is also being explored as a next-generation mechanism of microgravity heat transport. In EHD conduction pumping, a strong electric field interacts with dissociated electrolytes in dielectric fluid to generate a net body force, and thus, a net flow, with no moving parts, no acoustical noise, lower power consumption, and the ability to operate in microgravity. An EHD conduction pump was designed, fabricated, and tested for upstream flow distribution control of a parallel microchannel evaporator in an opposing configuration. Flow redistribution capability was measured at system flowrates up to 6 ml/min. The EHD conduction pump was capable of completely blocking and reversing the flow in its branch. Recovery from near-critical heat flux conditions up to a maximum heat flux of 77.5 W/cm2 was also demonstrated for the operating conditions and design of this study. This was achieved in the absence of enhanced surfaces. The working fluid is HFE 7100. The results show that EHD conduction is able to effectively control the flow distribution of the microchannel evaporator, however, its effectiveness decreases with increasing heat flux and flowrate.
Entretejiendo relaciones y perspectivas en arrozales colombianos: Una exploración de las interacciones humanas y no-humanas promovidas por distintos insecticidas
Authors: Montoya Díaz Juan Camilo
Published: January 2024

La elección de insecticidas empleados en la agricultura impacta profundamente las relaciones que se establecen en los cultivos. Considerando lo anterior, en este artículo se examinan las configuraciones de relaciones humanas y no-humanas generadas por dos tipos de insecticidas: químicos y biológicos. Para ello, implemento experimentos en fisiología vegetal, entrevistas y observación participante en arrozales del Cauca y Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Este estudio revela la complejidad de las relaciones entre la elección de insecticidas y sus consecuencias. Aunque ambos insecticidas promueven relaciones de cuidado hacia las plantas, su enfoque y resultados difieren. El insecticida químico, que contiene cipermetrina, se centra en la eliminación indiscriminada de organismos y el aplanamiento de relaciones, con efectos adversos sobre la salud vegetal, humana y de los ecosistemas. Esta lógica sugiere una visión de la agricultura como una práctica que busca eliminar «obstáculos» y aislar las plantas. Por el contrario, el insecticida biológico, que contiene la bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis, fomenta relaciones de eliminación específica de insectos y facilita la cooperación entre especies. Incluso posibilita la generación de seres híbridos, llamados «planterias», y promueve un acercamiento a la agricultura como una práctica colaborativa y sostenible. Se destaca que las implicaciones éticas, económicas y ambientales de las decisiones tomadas en la agricultura convencional van más allá de las consideraciones técnicas. El artículo invita a reflexionar sobre la necesidad de adoptar enfoques más sostenibles y responsables en las prácticas agrícolas y ofrece una perspectiva valiosa para construir nuevos futuros tecnocientíficos.
Hacia un modelo biocultural del ser humano
Authors: Álvarez Munárriz Luis , Antón Hurtado Fina
Published: January 2024

La gran cuestión sobre ¿qué es el hombre? permanece todavía sin resolver. Se muestran las insuficiencias y los límites de la tecnociencia eurocéntrica en la cosmovisión, las teorías y los modelos que propone acerca de la naturaleza humana. Se constata la existencia de una parálisis intelectual que impide avanzar en el conocimiento de esta cuestión. Se apuesta por una biología específicamente humana que trascienda las deficiencias de la teoría neodarwinista. Se proponen y fundamentan los elementos esenciales que nos permitirían progresar en el conocimiento de lo que nos hace humanos.
Learning to identify talkers: Do 4.5-month-old infants distinguish between unfamiliar males?
Authors: Yu Madeleine E. , Fecher Natalie , Johnson Elizabeth K.
Published: January 2024

Vocal recognition of socially relevant conspecifics is an important skill throughout the animal kingdom. Human infants recognize their own mother at birth, and they distinguish between unfamiliar female talkers by 4.5 months of age. Can 4.5-month-olds also distinguish between unfamiliar male talkers? To date, no adequately powered study has addressed this question. Here, a visual fixation procedure demonstrates that, unlike adults, 4.5-month-olds (N = 48) are worse at telling apart unfamiliar male voices than they are at telling apart unfamiliar female voices. This result holds despite infants' equal attentiveness to unfamiliar male and female voices.
Independent component analysis reveals 49 independently modulated gene sets within the global transcriptional regulatory architecture of multidrug-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Menon Nitasha D. , Poudel Saugat , Sastry Anand V. , Rychel Kevin , Szubin Richard , Dillon Nicholas , Tsunemoto Hannah , Hirose Yujiro , Nair Bipin G. , Kumar Geetha B. , Palsson Bernhard O. , Nizet Victor
Published: January 2024

The rise in hospital outbreaks of multidrug-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
infections underscores the urgent need for alternatives to traditional broad-spectrum antibiotic therapies. The success of
A. baumannii
as a significant nosocomial pathogen is largely attributed to its ability to resist antibiotics and survive environmental stressors. However, there is limited literature available on the global, complex regulatory circuitry that shapes these phenotypes. Computational tools that can assist in the elucidation of
A. baumannii
’s transcriptional regulatory network architecture can provide much-needed context for a comprehensive understanding of pathogenesis and virulence, as well as for the development of targeted therapies that modulate these pathways.
How do deer respiratory epithelial cells weather the initial storm of SARS-CoV-2 WA1/2020 strain?
Authors: Sarlo Davila Kaitlyn M. , Nelli Rahul K. , Phadke Kruttika S. , Ruden Rachel M. , Sang Yongming , Bellaire Bryan H. , Gimenez-Lirola Luis G. , Miller Laura C.
Published: January 2024

The potential infectivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in animals raises a public health and economic concern, particularly the high susceptibility of white-tailed deer (WTD) to SARS-CoV-2. The disparity in the disease outcome between humans and WTD is very intriguing, as the latter are often asymptomatic, subclinical carriers of SARS-CoV-2. To date, no studies have evaluated the innate immune factors responsible for the contrasting SARS-CoV-2-associated disease outcomes in these mammalian species. A comparative transcriptomic analysis in primary respiratory epithelial cells of human (HRECs) and WTD (Deer-RECs) infected with the SARS-CoV-2 WA1/2020 strain was assessed throughout 48 h post inoculation (hpi). Both HRECs and Deer-RECs were susceptible to virus infection, with significantly (
P
< 0.001) lower virus replication in Deer-RECs. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEG) gradually increased in Deer-RECs but decreased in HRECs throughout the infection. The ingenuity pathway analysis of DEGs further identified that genes commonly altered during SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly belong to cytokine and chemokine response pathways mediated via interleukin-17 (IL-17) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Inhibition of the NF-κB signaling in the Deer-RECs pathway was predicted as early as 6 hpi. The findings from this study could explain the lack of clinical signs reported in WTD in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection as opposed to the severe clinical outcomes reported in humans.

IMPORTANCE

This study demonstrated that human and white-tailed deer primary respiratory epithelial cells are susceptible to the SARS-CoV-2 WA1/2020 strain infection. However, the comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed that deer cells could limit viral replication without causing hypercytokinemia by downregulating IL-17 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Identifying differentially expressed genes in human and deer cells that modulate key innate immunity pathways during the early infection will lead to developing targeted therapies toward preventing or mitigating the “cytokine storm” often associated with severe cases of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Moreover, results from this study will aid in identifying novel prognostic biomarkers in predicting SARS-CoV-2 adaption and transmission in deer and associated cervids.
Unveiling potential virulence determinants in
Vibrio
isolates from
Anadara tuberculosa
through whole genome analyses
Authors: Restrepo-Benavides Mariana , Lozano-Arce Daniela , Gonzalez-Garcia Laura Natalia , Báez-Aguirre Felipe , Ariza-Aranguren Gabriela , Faccini Daniel , Zambrano María Mercedes , Jiménez Pedro , Fernández-Bravo Ana , Restrepo Silvia , Guevara-Suarez Marcela
Published: January 2024

The genus
Vibrio
includes pathogenic bacteria able to cause disease in humans and aquatic organisms, leading to disease outbreaks and significant economic losses in the fishery industry. Despite much work on
Vibrio
in several marine organisms, no specific studies have been conducted on
Anadara tuberculosa
. This is a commercially important bivalve species, known as “piangua hembra,” along Colombia’s Pacific coast. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and characterize the genomes of
Vibrio
isolates obtained from
A. tuberculosa
. Bacterial isolates were obtained from 14
A. tuberculosa
specimens collected from two locations along the Colombian Pacific coast, of which 17 strains were identified as
Vibrio
:
V. parahaemolyticus
(
n
= 12),
V. alginolyticus
(
n
= 3),
V. fluvialis
(
n
= 1), and
V. natriegens
(
n
= 1). Whole genome sequence of these isolates was done using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). The analysis revealed the presence of genes conferring resistance to β-lactams, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and macrolides, indicating potential resistance to these antimicrobial agents. Genes associated with virulence were also found, suggesting the potential pathogenicity of these
Vibrio
isolates, as well as genes for Type III Secretion Systems (T3SS) and Type VI Secretion Systems (T6SS), which play crucial roles in delivering virulence factors and in interbacterial competition. This study represents the first genomic analysis of bacteria within
A. tuberculosa
, shedding light on
Vibrio
genetic factors and contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenic potential of these
Vibrio
isolates.

IMPORTANCE

This study presents the first comprehensive report on the whole genome analysis of
Vibrio
isolates obtained from
Anadara tuberculosa
, a bivalve species of great significance for social and economic matters on the Pacific coast of Colombia. Research findings have significant implications for the field, as they provide crucial information on the genetic factors and possible pathogenicity of
Vibrio
isolates associated with
A. tuberculosa
. The identification of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors within these isolates emphasizes the potential risks they pose to both human and animal health. Furthermore, the presence of genes associated with Type III and Type VI Secretion Systems suggests their critical role in virulence and interbacterial competition. Understanding the genetic factors that contribute to
Vibrio
bacterial virulence and survival strategies within their ecological niche is of utmost importance for the effective prevention and management of diseases in aquaculture practices.
Supplemental Material: Correlating mantle cooling with tectonic transitions on early Earth
Authors: Gunawardana Prasanna M , Chowdhury Priyadarshi , al. et
Published: January 2024

Modeling details, including the initial model setup and additional figures.  
Supplemental Material: Formation of authigenic carbonates contributed by sulfate- and metal-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane in the northern Okinawa Trough, East China Sea
Authors: Liu Lei , Guan Hongxiang , Wu Nengyou , al. et
Published: January 2024

Figure S1: Partial gas chromatograms (FID) of hydrocarbon fractions of samples D2-1(A) and T15-1(B) from the Okinawa Trough. Figure S2: Partial gas chromatograms (FID) of alcohol fractions from samples D2-1(A) and T15-1(B) from the Okinawa Trough. Figure S3: Partial gas chromatograms (FID) of carboxylic acid fractions of samples D2-1(A) and T15-1(B) from the Okinawa Trough. Table S1: Contents and stable carbon isotopic composition of hydrocarbons from the Okinawa Trough seep carbonates. Table S2: Contents and stable carbon isotopic composition of alcohols from the Okinawa Trough seep carbonates. Table S3: Contents and stable carbon isotopic composition of fatty acids from the Okinawa Trough seep carbonates. Table S4: The contents of selected major elements, trace elements and enrichment factors of the Okinawa Trough seep carbonates in this study.
Monitoring Canadian Arctic seabirds at the Prince Leopold Island Field Station, 1975–2023
Authors: Gaston Anthony J. , Provencher Jennifer F. , Braune Birgit M. , Gilchrist H. Grant , Gutowsky Sarah E. , Mallory Mark L.
Published: January 2024

The research station at Prince Leopold Island (PLI), initiated in 1975, was the first seabird monitoring site created in the Canadian Arctic. The island supports 150 000 breeding pairs of seabirds, principally thick-billed murres ( Uria lomvia Linnaeus 1758), black-legged kittiwakes ( Rissa tridactyla Linnaeus 1758) and northern fulmars ( Fulmarus glacialis Linnaeus 1761), along with ∼70 pairs of glaucous gulls ( Larus hyperboreus Gunnerus 1767) and several thousand black guillemots ( Cepphus grylle Linnaeus 1758). Baseline observations of seabird breeding biology were made during 1975–1977. Subsequent monitoring has taken place in 22 of the 47 seasons, with work during 2001–2003 replicating the original baseline studies. Population trends of breeding seabirds have shown kittiwakes (sharply) and murres (gradually) increasing, while gulls (definitely) and fulmars (likely) have declined. The most striking scientific findings from PLI were related to the effect of annual ice break-up on seabird phenology, clutch size, and reproductive success. For contaminant research, PLI has become one of the core monitoring sites in Canada and internationally, documenting dramatic changes in concentrations of various contaminants in the Arctic marine environment. Given the international impact of research and monitoring at PLI for almost five decades, the continuation of seabird research at PLI, the most important seabird colony in the Canadian Arctic, is essential.
Monte Carlo random walk simulation of transient absorption kinetics using reflectance and absorption of electrons at Au/TiO2 nanoparticle boundaries
Authors: Wang Junli , Furube Akihiro
Published: January 2024

To understand plasmon-induced charge-transfer mechanisms between a photo-excited gold (Au) nanoparticle and a TiO2 nanoparticle, a Monte Carlo random walk (MCRW) simulation was applied to reproduce the charge recombination kinetics in the nanocrystalline (Au/TiO[Formula: see text] assemblies reported previously based on transient absorption spectroscopy. The Au/TiO2 assemblies consist of a confined electron diffusion space within a tiny TiO2 nanoparticle, making it possible to study electron diffusion transport through MCRW simulation. In this simulation algorithm, the electron diffusion starts at the coordinate origin of a rectangle, and the next direction of movement is obtained by calculating the coordinate matrix and random offset so that the electron is reflected on three boundaries and absorbed when it reaches the other boundary. By simulation programming, the histogram which indicates the occurrence frequency of the step accumulation number up to the right boundary was obtained. From 100 to 100000 steps under condition of 10000 iteration, that is, changing the steps but keeping the iteration times to ensure that all particles experience absorption in the simulation. Comparing the trace of 106 particles position with that of 104 under 1000 simulations, the electron density was found to saturate other than the region near the right boundary, where electrons disappear by the absorption process during the electron diffusion process. Finally, by fitting curves, it is confirmed that the tendency of the simulated response reproduced the transient absorption kinetics.
Convolution operators in matrix weighted, variable Lebesgue spaces
Authors: Cruz-Uribe David , Penrod Michael
Published: January 2024

We extend the theory of matrix weights to the variable Lebesgue spaces. The theory of matrix [Formula: see text] weights has attracted considerable attention beginning with the work of Nazarov, Treil, and Volberg in the 1990s. We extend this theory by generalizing the matrix [Formula: see text] condition to the variable exponent setting. We prove boundedness of the convolution operator [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text], and show that the approximate identity defined using [Formula: see text] converges in matrix weighted, variable Lebesgue spaces [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] in matrix [Formula: see text]. Our approach to this problem is through averaging operators; these results are of interest in their own right. As an application of our work, we prove a version of the classical [Formula: see text] theorem for matrix weighted, variable exponent Sobolev spaces.
Privacy and Integrity Protection for IoT Multimodal Data Using Machine Learning and Blockchain
Authors: Liu Qingzhi , Huang Yuchen , Jin Chenglu , Zhou Xiaohan , Mao Ying , Catal Cagatay , Cheng Long
Published: January 2024

With the wide application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, large volumes of multimodal data are collected and analyzed for various diagnoses, analyses, and predictions to help in decision-making and management. However, the research on protecting data integrity and privacy is quite limited, while the lack of proper protection for sensitive data may have significant impacts on the benefits and gains of data owners. In this research, we propose a protection solution for data integrity and privacy. Specifically, our system protects data integrity through distributed systems and blockchain technology. Meanwhile, our system guarantees data privacy using differential privacy and Machine Learning (ML) techniques. Our system aims to maintain the usability of the data for further data analytical tasks of data users, while encrypting the data according to the requirements of data owners. We implement our solution with smart contracts, distributed file systems, and ML models. The experimental results show that our proposed solution can effectively encrypt source IoT data according to the requirements of data users while data integrity can be protected under the blockchain.
Review of Lightweight Vibration Isolation Technologies for Marine Power Devices
Authors: Qiu Yuanran , Xu Wei , Hu Zechao , Fu Junqiang , He Mengxuan
Published: January 2024

Vibration induced by marine power devices (MPD) transmitting to the hull structure is one of the most important factors that cause ship vibration and underwater sound radiation. Vibration isolation technologies (VIT) are widely applied to reduce the vibration transmission. However, the overweight issue of VIT for marine power devices is a currently challenging engineering problem. The current reserve of lightweight and high‐efficiency VIT for MPD and relevant theoretical and design research are seriously insufficient. This article first elaborates the causes of the overweight problem of VIT for MPD: (1) failing to grasp the quantitative law; (2) single vibration suppression mechanism. Then, it systematically sorts out the technical methods and application examples with potential to solve the overweight problem, such as dynamic optimization design, lightweight material method, novel intermediate mass structures, distributed dynamic vibration absorbers (DDVAs), locally resonant structures (LRS), particle damping (PD), quasizero stiffness isolators (QZSI), and active vibration control (AVC) technologies. Finally, the future development of lightweight VIT for MPD is prospected. It can be used as a reference for marine vessel vibration attenuation research and engineering design.
Design Analysis and Optimization of Coil Spring for Three-Wheeler Vehicles Using Composite Materials
Authors: Abera Solomon Nigusu , Gebreyesus Bisrat Yoseph
Published: January 2024

The quest for lightweight, efficient, and corrosion-resistant coil springs for vehicle suspension systems has led to the exploration of alternative materials beyond traditional steel. This study delves into the potential of composite materials, particularly carbon/epoxy and carbon/carbon nanotube/epoxy, as replacements for conventional steel coil springs in light vehicles. Through a comprehensive analysis of mechanical properties under static and dynamic loading conditions, the study demonstrates the superior performance of composite springs compared to their steel counterparts. After optimization, the deflection of the carbon/carbon nanotube/epoxy and carbon/epoxy springs decreased to 15.003 mm and 18.703 mm, respectively, and the maximum shear stress decreased by 64.63% and 62.2%, respectively. Likewise, strain energies increased to 2.3644 and 3.5616, respectively. The springs were also studied under dynamic conditions, and the result showed these springs have the ability to perform in dynamic conditions. The carbon/carbon nanotube/epoxy composite emerged as the frontrunner, exhibiting remarkable improvements in shear stress, fatigue life, strain energy, and deformation properties. The study highlights the ability of carbon/carbon nanotube/epoxy composite springs to significantly reduce weight, enhance efficiency, and extend fatigue life, making them a promising alternative for next-generation vehicle suspension systems.
Impact of Emotional Labor and Positive Psychological Capital on the Turnover Intention of Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19: A Descriptive Survey Study
Authors: Kwon Mira , Song Yeoungsuk
Published: January 2024

Nurses’ turnover intention has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic. Emotional labor is reportedly high among nurses in Korea, and a positive psychological capital can help reduce turnover intention. This cross-sectional study investigated the factors influencing turnover intention in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Survey data were collected from 155 nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 at a university hospital in South Korea in March 2022. Self-reported and paper-based questionnaires on emotional labor, positive psychological capital, and turnover intention were employed. The mean values for emotional labor, positive psychological capital, and turnover intention were 54.52/80, 58.03/90, and 38.92/50, respectively, and 77.8% of nurses reported planning to quit working. Turnover intention correlated with emotional labor (r = 0.17; p=0.041) and had no significant relationship with positive psychological capital. Sex (β = 0.24; p=0.003) and emotional labor (β = 0.18; p=0.019) affected turnover intention, with 9% explanatory power. Female nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 had a higher turnover intention than male nurses. Finally, the higher the emotional labor of nurses caring for patients with COVID-19, the higher the turnover intention. To reduce the turnover intention of nurses, hospitals need to help them enhance their emotional labor and positive psychological capital by establishing measures such as emotional coaching programs or psychological capital interventions.
Macrocephaly and Digital Anomalies Expand the Phenotypic Spectrum of PGAP2 Variants in Hyperphosphatasia with Impaired Intellectual Development Syndrome 3 (HPMRS3)
Authors: Susgun Seda , Ben-Mahmoud Afif , Rüschendorf Franz , Ku Bonsu , Hussain Syeda Iqra , Schulz Solveig , Puk Oliver , Biskup Saskia , Labonne Jonathan D. J. , Don Dilan Wellalage , Gupta Vijay , Choi Tae-Ik , Khan Saadullah , Wasif Naveed , Lacassie Yves , Layman Lawrence C. , Ugur Iseri Sibel Aylin , Kim Cheol-Hee , Kim Hyung-Goo
Published: January 2024

Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) anchor over 150 proteins as GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) with crucial roles in diverse biological processes. The highly conserved biosynthesis of GPI-APs involves precise steps with at least 21 genes, categorized as PIG and PGAP genes. Pathogenic variants in these genes are linked to human diseases, highlighting the importance of each biosynthesis step. PGAP2 stands out among these genes due to its association with an expanded clinical spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) phenotypes with biallelic pathogenic variants. We present four patients from two families, one consanguineous and the other nonconsanguineous, each displaying distinct clinical presentations, including intellectual disability, hyperphosphatasia, hearing impairment, and epilepsy, as well as craniofacial and digital anomalies. Genetic analyses revealed homozygous and novel compound heterozygous missense variants in PGAP2 in four affected individuals, confirming the molecular diagnosis of hyperphosphatasia with impaired intellectual development syndrome 3 (HPMRS3). Importantly, the three amino acids affected by missense variants exhibit complete conservation in 10 vertebrate species, illuminating their crucial role in the gene’s functionality. Protein modeling provided additional evidence for the pathogenicity of the three substitutions, demonstrating their detrimental impact on protein folding and putative protein-protein interactions, ultimately leading to impaired protein function. The four patients in our study displayed common phenotypic features, such as brachydactyly, camptodactyly, and syndactyly, which have not been previously documented in individuals with PGAP2 variants. Notably, the occurrence of macrocephaly in two affected brothers from a consanguineous Pakistani family represents a novel finding. These previously unreported digital anomalies, along with macrocephaly and the identification of novel compound heterozygous variants, contribute to the expansion of the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of HPMRS3 associated with PGAP2 variants.
Importance of Activation Energy on Magnetized Dissipative Casson‐Maxwell Fluid through Porous Medium Incorporating Chemical Reaction, Joule Heating, and Soret Effects: Numerical Study
Authors: Althobaiti Nesreen
Published: January 2024

In recent decades, the study of non‐Newtonian fluids has attracted the interest of numerous researchers. Their study is encouraged by the significance of these fluids in fields including industrial implementations. Furthermore, the importance of heat and mass transfer is greatly increased by a variety of scientific and engineering processes, including air conditioning, crop damage, refrigeration, equipment power collectors, and heat exchangers. The key objective of this work is to use the mathematical representation of a chemically reactive Casson‐Maxwell fluid over a stretched sheet circumstance. Arrhenius activation energy and aspects of the magnetic field also have a role. In addition, the consequences of both viscous dissipation, Joule heating, and nonlinear thermal radiation are considered. The method transforms partial differential equations originating in fluidic systems into nonlinear differential equation systems with the proper degree of similarity which is subsequently resolved utilizing the Lobatto IIIA technique’s powerful computing capabilities. It is important to recall that the velocity profile drops as the Maxwell fluid parameter increases. Additionally, the increase in the temperature ratio parameter raises both the fluid’s temperature and the corresponding thickness of the boundary layer.
Air Temperature Modeling Based on Land Surface Factors by the Cubist Method (Case Study of Hamoun International Wetland)
Authors: Zolfaghari Farhad , Khosravi Hasan , Khalighi Sigaroudi Shahram
Published: January 2024

The drying up of Hamoun International Wetland (HIW) and the loss of vegetation in this area have led to an increase in ambient temperature. This research examines the changes in the surface of HIW and its role in air temperature (Tair) using data on land surface temperature (LST), vegetation, wind speed, and relative humidity. The Cubist regression model (CRM) is used to simulate the effects of land surface factors (LSFs) on Tair. Four microsites with different plant cover percentages were selected for this purpose. After data collection, 75% of the data were used for modeling and 25% of the data were used for model testing. The results showed that CRM has adequate performance for estimating Tair. The assessment of the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and Tair at 2 meter height showed that there was a high correlation coefficient between 0.86 and 0.91 in the different microsites. The results of using CRM for estimating Tair showed that this model can estimate air temperature from independent parameters of LST, wind speed, vegetation percentage, and relative humidity with a correlation coefficient of 0.98. In this model, the LST, relative humidity, and vegetation percentage were entered with values of 100%, 93%, and 83% respectively. Wind speed was not included in the model because the measurements were constant and less than 4 m/s throughout the period (no changes).
Development of Deltamethrin-Laced Attractive Toxic Sugar Bait to Control Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) Population
Authors: Kumar Sarita , Sharma Aarti , Samal Roopa Rani , Verma Vaishali , Sagar Ravinder Kumar , Singh Shri Pati , Raghavendra Kamaraju
Published: January 2024

Background. The attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) is a promising strategy for controlling mosquitoes at the adult stage. The strategy is based on the use of a combination of fruit juice, sugar, and a toxin in order to attract and kill the adult mosquitoes. The selection of the components and optimization of their concentrations is significant for the formulation of an effective ATSB. Methods. The present study formulated nine ATSBs and evaluated their efficacy against two laboratory strains (AND-Aedes aegypti and AND-Aedes aegypti-DL10) and two wildcaught colonized strains of Aedes aegypti (GVD-Delhi and SHD-Delhi). Initially, nine attractive sugar baits (ASBs) were prepared using a mixture of 100% fermented guava juice (attractant) with 10% sucrose solution (w/v) in 1 : 1 ratio. ATSBs were formulated by mixing each ASB with different concentrations of deltamethrin in the ratio of 9 : 1 to obtain final deltamethrin concentration of 0.003125–0.8 mg/10 mL ATSB. Cage bioassays were conducted with 50 mosquitoes for 24 h in order to evaluate the efficacy of each ATSB against the four strains of Ae. aegypti. The data were statistically analyzed using PASW software 19.0 program and 2-way ANOVA. Results. The ATSB formulations registered 8.33–97.44% mortality against AND-Aedes aegypti and 5.15–96.91% mortality against AND-Aedes aegypti-DL10 strains of Ae. aegypti, while GVD-Delhi strain registered 2.04–95.83% mortality and SHD-Delhi strain showed 5.10–97.96% mortality. The administration of 0.8 mg of deltamethrin within 10 mL of attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) has led to the maximum mortality rate in adult mosquitoes. Conclusions. The ATSBs formulated with guava juice-ASB and deltamethrin (9 : 1) showed toxin dose-dependent toxicity by all the four strains of Ae. aegypti. Most effective dosage was found as 0.8 mg deltamethrin/10 mL ATSB which imparted 96% to 98% mortality in adult mosquitoes. The investigations demonstrated the efficacy of deltamethrin-laced ATSB formulations against Ae. aegypti and highlighted the need for conduct of structured field trials and investigating the impact on disease vectors and nontarget organisms.
Insight into the Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance among Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Patients Admitted in ICUs of a Tertiary Care Hospital in India
Authors: Gautam Garima , Satija Shweta , Kaur Ravinder , Kumar Anil , Sharma Divakar , Dhakad Megh Singh
Published: January 2024

Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are prone to develop infections by hospital prevalent organisms. The aim of the study was to determine the bacteriological profiles and their drug resistance pattern among different infections in ICU patients of a tertiary care hospital. The record-based retrospective data of culture reports of the patients admitted to all the ICUs of a tertiary care hospital during the period from January 2020 to May 2022 were analyzed. A total of 3,056 samples were obtained from 2308 patients. The infection rate among ICU patients was found to be 53.40%. Isolates belonged equally to males (50.86%) and females (49.14%). The most common culture-positive clinical specimen received was blood (39.08%) followed by respiratory samples (29.45%). Acinetobacter sp. (33.02%) was the most common organism isolated from various clinical specimens, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.89%), and Escherichia coli (13.8%). More than 80% of Acinetobacter species were found to be resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and carbapenems, whereas minocycline (56.31% S) and colistin (100% S) were the most effective drugs. Klebsiella sp. was found to be more resistant than E.coli, and the least resistance was observed to be tetracycline (43.97%) and doxycycline (55.84%). Among Staphylococcus aureus, 82.78% of strains were methicillin-resistant (MRSA). Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) sp. accounted for 16.67% of the isolates. Evidence-based knowledge regarding the local bacterial organisms and their antimicrobial resistance pattern is pivotal in deciding empirical drug therapy, ultimately leading to the management of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
To Access or Not to Access: Influencing Factors for Government Microblogging Information Seeking and Avoidance among Chinese Generation Z
Authors: Zheng Yu
Published: January 2024

In recent years, the effective enhancement of information communication effect through governmental social media in has emerged as a universally concerned issue on government governance within the social media era. As Generation Z represents the primary and frequent users of social media, understanding the factors influencing their behaviors regarding information seeking and avoidance on governmental social media platforms is essential (in China, the principal governmental social media platform is government microblogging). Employing the grounded theory methodology, 31 participants of Chinese Generation Z were recruited for the present study, and data were collected using an in-depth interview. The results showed that the factors influencing the information-seeking behavior of Generation Z towards government microblogging mainly include heuristic seeking factors (personal preference, emotional value, and following hot topics), systematic seeking factors (task demand and expert recommendation), and defensive seeking factors (defending stance, authority seeking, and impression management). The factors influencing the information avoidance behavior of Generation Z towards government microblogging mainly include heuristic avoidance factors (clickbait titles, content layout, excessive length, and high redundancy), systematic avoidance factors (selective ignorance and terminological density), and resource-limited avoidance factors (demand scarcity, time scarcity, and vitality scarcity). This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the government microblogging information behavior of Generation Z. Implications for government microblogging governance, strategy recommendations, and indicates directions for future research are discussed.
An Improved Filtering Method and Application of Landslide Deformation Monitoring
Authors: Qi Xing , Hu Chao , Cao Ruliang
Published: January 2024

Real‐time early warning based on deformation monitoring is an important measure to reduce the threat related to landslides. However, due to the complexity of landslide deformation, equipment accuracy, and data transmission interference, the displacement obtained by existing monitoring equipment has random errors, resulting in inaccurate landslide warning. In this paper, a tangent angle model based on the improved filtering method is proposed for the early warning of landslides. An improved filtering method is proposed based on the least‐square method to smooth the measurement errors of monitoring equipment, considering both “data smoothing effect” and “accelerated deformation real‐time determination”. By comparing the least‐squares method and the improved filtering method, the results demonstrate that the improved filtering method can more effectively smooth the fluctuation of the deformation rate. The amplitude of the error‐induced tangent angle warning value fluctuation can be reduced, which provides correct early warning. The improved method provides a new approach for the real‐time filtering of subsequent landslide deformation data.
Chronic Stress Dampens Lactobacillus Johnsonii–Mediated Tumor Suppression to Enhance Colorectal Cancer Progression
Authors: Cao Qiuhua , Zhao Mingrui , Su Yali , Liu Siliang , Lin Yanting , Da Huijuan , Yue Chongxiu , Liu Yiming , Jing Dongquan , Zhao Qixiang , Liu Ning , Du Juan , Zuo Zhanjie , Fu Yao , Chen Anqi , Birnbaumer Lutz , Yang Yong , Dai Beiying , Gao Xinghua
Published: January 2024

Colorectal cancer development and outcome are impacted by modifiable risk factors, including psychologic stress. The gut microbiota has also been shown to be linked to psychologic factors. Here, we found a marked deteriorative effect of chronic stress in multiple colorectal cancer models, including chemically induced (AOM/DSS), genetically engineered (APCmin/+), and xenograft tumor mouse models. RNA sequencing data from colon tissues revealed that expression of stemness-related genes was upregulated in the stressed colorectal cancer group by activated β-catenin signaling, which was further confirmed by results from ex vivo organoid analyses as well as in vitro and in vivo cell tumorigenicity assays. 16S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbiota showed that chronic stress disrupted gut microbes, and antibiotic treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation abolished the stimulatory effects of chronic stress on colorectal cancer progression. Stressed colorectal cancer mice displayed a significant decrease in Lactobacillus johnsonii (L. johnsonii) abundance, which was inversely correlated with tumor load. Moreover, protocatechuic acid (PCA) was identified as a beneficial metabolite produced by L. johnsonii based on metabolome sequencing and LC/MS-MS analysis. Replenishment of L. johnsonii or PCA blocked chronic stress-induced colorectal cancer progression by decreasing β-catenin expression. Furthermore, PCA activated the cGMP pathway, and the cGMP agonist sildenafil abolished the effects of chronic stress on colorectal cancer. Altogether, these data identify that stress impacts the gut microbiome to support colorectal cancer progression.

Significance:

Chronic stress stimulates cancer stemness by reducing the intestinal abundance of L. johnsonii and its metabolite PCA to enhance β-catenin signaling, forming a basis for potential strategies to circumvent stress-induced cancer aggressiveness.

See related commentary by McCollum and Shah, p. 645
Marital Status, Living Arrangement, and Survival among Individuals with Advanced Prostate Cancer in the International Registry for Men with Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chen Naiyu , McGrath Colleen B. , Ericsson Caroline I. , Vaselkiv Jane B. , Rencsok Emily M. , Stopsack Konrad H. , Guard Hannah E. , Autio Karen A. , Rathkopf Dana E. , Enting Deborah , Bitting Rhonda L. , Mateo Joaquin , Githiaka Charles W. , Chi Kim N. , Cheng Heather H. , Davis Ian D. , Anderson Simon G. , Badal Simone Ann Marie , Bjartell Anders , Russnes Kjell M. , Heath Elisabeth I. , Pomerantz Mark M. , Henegan John C. , Hyslop Terry , Esteban Emilio , Omlin Aurelius , McDermott Ray , Fay Andre P. , Popoola Ademola Alabi , Ragin Camille , Nowak Joel , Gerke Travis , Kantoff Philip W. , George Daniel J. , Penney Kathryn L. , Mucci Lorelei A. ,   for the IRONMAN Registry
Published: January 2024

Background:

Studies have shown improved survival among individuals with cancer with higher levels of social support. Few studies have investigated social support and overall survival (OS) in individuals with advanced prostate cancer in an international cohort. We investigated the associations of marital status and living arrangements with OS among individuals with advanced prostate cancer in the International Registry for Men with Advanced Prostate Cancer (IRONMAN).

Methods:

IRONMAN is enrolling participants diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer (metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, mHSPC; castration-resistant prostate cancer, CRPC) from 16 countries. Participants in this analysis were recruited between July 2017 and January 2023. Adjusting for demographics and tumor characteristics, the associations were estimated using Cox regression and stratified by disease state (mHSPC, CRPC), age (<70, ≥70 years), and continent of enrollment (North America, Europe, Other).

Results:

We included 2,119 participants with advanced prostate cancer, of whom 427 died during up to 5 years of follow-up (median 6 months). Two-thirds had mHSPC. Most were married/in a civil partnership (79%) and 6% were widowed. Very few married participants were living alone (1%), while most unmarried participants were living alone (70%). Married participants had better OS than unmarried participants [adjusted HR: 1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–2.02]. Widowed participants had the worst survival compared with married individuals (adjusted HR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.22–2.94).

Conclusions:

Among those with advanced prostate cancer, unmarried and widowed participants had worse OS compared with married participants.

Impact:

This research highlighted the importance of social support in OS within this vulnerable population.
Supplementary Figure 28 from Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating LINE-1 ORF1p as a Specific Multicancer Biomarker
Authors: Taylor Martin S. , Wu Connie , Fridy Peter C. , Zhang Stephanie J. , Senussi Yasmeen , Wolters Justina C. , Cajuso Tatiana , Cheng Wen-Chih , Heaps John D. , Miller Bryant D. , Mori Kei , Cohen Limor , Jiang Hua , Molloy Kelly R. , Chait Brian T. , Goggins Michael G. , Bhan Irun , Franses Joseph W. , Yang Xiaoyu , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Wang Xinan , Christiani David C. , Johnson Bruce E. , Meyerson Matthew , Uppaluri Ravindra , Egloff Ann Marie , Denault Elyssa N. , Spring Laura M. , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming , Fairman Jennifer E. , Jung Euihye , Arora Kshitij S. , Yilmaz Osman H. , Cohen Sonia , Sharova Tatyana , Chi Gary , Norden Bryanna L. , Song Yuhui , Nieman Linda T. , Pappas Leontios , Parikh Aparna R. , Strickland Matthew R. , Corcoran Ryan B. , Mustelin Tomas , Eng George , Yilmaz Ömer H. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Chan Andrew T. , Skates Steven J. , Rueda Bo R. , Drapkin Ronny , Klempner Samuel J. , Deshpande Vikram , Ting David T. , Rout Michael P. , LaCava John , Walt David R. , Burns Kathleen H.
Published: January 2024

Kaplan-Meier Survival Analysis by Age and Sex.
Supplementary Figure 25 from Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating LINE-1 ORF1p as a Specific Multicancer Biomarker
Authors: Taylor Martin S. , Wu Connie , Fridy Peter C. , Zhang Stephanie J. , Senussi Yasmeen , Wolters Justina C. , Cajuso Tatiana , Cheng Wen-Chih , Heaps John D. , Miller Bryant D. , Mori Kei , Cohen Limor , Jiang Hua , Molloy Kelly R. , Chait Brian T. , Goggins Michael G. , Bhan Irun , Franses Joseph W. , Yang Xiaoyu , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Wang Xinan , Christiani David C. , Johnson Bruce E. , Meyerson Matthew , Uppaluri Ravindra , Egloff Ann Marie , Denault Elyssa N. , Spring Laura M. , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming , Fairman Jennifer E. , Jung Euihye , Arora Kshitij S. , Yilmaz Osman H. , Cohen Sonia , Sharova Tatyana , Chi Gary , Norden Bryanna L. , Song Yuhui , Nieman Linda T. , Pappas Leontios , Parikh Aparna R. , Strickland Matthew R. , Corcoran Ryan B. , Mustelin Tomas , Eng George , Yilmaz Ömer H. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Chan Andrew T. , Skates Steven J. , Rueda Bo R. , Drapkin Ronny , Klempner Samuel J. , Deshpande Vikram , Ting David T. , Rout Michael P. , LaCava John , Walt David R. , Burns Kathleen H.
Published: January 2024

Second round of screening of newly developed “3rd generation” assays using dimeric nanobody detectors.
Supplementary Figure 24 from Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating LINE-1 ORF1p as a Specific Multicancer Biomarker
Authors: Taylor Martin S. , Wu Connie , Fridy Peter C. , Zhang Stephanie J. , Senussi Yasmeen , Wolters Justina C. , Cajuso Tatiana , Cheng Wen-Chih , Heaps John D. , Miller Bryant D. , Mori Kei , Cohen Limor , Jiang Hua , Molloy Kelly R. , Chait Brian T. , Goggins Michael G. , Bhan Irun , Franses Joseph W. , Yang Xiaoyu , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Wang Xinan , Christiani David C. , Johnson Bruce E. , Meyerson Matthew , Uppaluri Ravindra , Egloff Ann Marie , Denault Elyssa N. , Spring Laura M. , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming , Fairman Jennifer E. , Jung Euihye , Arora Kshitij S. , Yilmaz Osman H. , Cohen Sonia , Sharova Tatyana , Chi Gary , Norden Bryanna L. , Song Yuhui , Nieman Linda T. , Pappas Leontios , Parikh Aparna R. , Strickland Matthew R. , Corcoran Ryan B. , Mustelin Tomas , Eng George , Yilmaz Ömer H. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Chan Andrew T. , Skates Steven J. , Rueda Bo R. , Drapkin Ronny , Klempner Samuel J. , Deshpande Vikram , Ting David T. , Rout Michael P. , LaCava John , Walt David R. , Burns Kathleen H.
Published: January 2024

Calibration curves for “3rd Generation” Simoa assays.