bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complete Genomic Landscape Reveals Hidden Evolutionary History and Selection Signature in Asian Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Si Jingfang , Dai Dongmei , Gorkhali Neena Amatya , Wang Mingshan , Wang Sheng , Sapkota Saroj , Kadel Ram Chandra , Sadaula Amir , Dhakal Aashish , Faruque Md Omar , Omar Abdullah Ibne , Sari Eka Meutia , Ashari Hidayat , Dagong Muhammad Ihsan Andi , Yindee Marnoch , Rushdi Hossam E. , Elregalaty Hussein , Amin Ahmed , Radwan Mohamed A. , Pham Lan Doan , Hulugalla W. M. M. P. , Silva G. L. L. Pradeepa , Zheng Wei , Mansoor Shahid , Ali Muhammad Basil , Vahidi Farhad , Al‐Bayatti Sahar Ahmed , Pauciullo Alfredo , Lenstra Johannes A. , Barker J. Stuart F. , Fang Lingzhao , Wu Dong‐Dong , Han Jianlin , Zhang Yi
Published: December 2024

To identify the genetic determinants of domestication and productivity of Asian water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), 470 genomes of domesticated river and swamp buffaloes along with their putative ancestors, the wild water buffaloes (Bubalus arnee) are sequenced and integrated. The swamp buffaloes inherit the morphology of the wild buffaloes. In contrast, most river buffaloes are unique in their morphology, but their genomes cluster with the wild buffaloes. The levels of genomic diversity in Italian river and Indonesian swamp buffaloes decrease at opposite extremes of their distribution range. Purifying selection prevented the accumulation of harmful loss‐of‐function variants in the Indonesian buffaloes. Genes that evolved rapidly (e.g., GKAP1) following differential selections in the river and swamp buffaloes are involved in their reproduction. Genes related to milk production (e.g., CSN2) and coat color (e.g., MC1R) underwent strong selections in the dairy river buffaloes via soft and hard selective sweeps, respectively. The selective sweeps and single‐cell RNA‐seq data revealed the luminal cells as the key cell type in response to artificial selection for milk production of the dairy buffaloes. These findings show how artificial selection has been driving the evolutionary divergence and genetic differentiation in morphology and productivity of Asian water buffaloes.
Molecular Programming Design of Glyconucleic Acid Aptamer with High Stability
Authors: Han Yongqi , Zhang Rongjun , Bao Hong‐Liang , Yang Mei , Gao Yuan , Gao Xiaobo , Wang Ruowen , Tan Weihong , Ji Ding‐Kun
Published: December 2024

Functional nucleic acids (FNAs), possessing specific biological functions beyond their informational roles, have gained widespread attention in disease therapeutics. However, their clinical application is severely limited by their low serum stability in complex physiological environments. In this work, a precise molecular programming strategy is explored to prepare glyconucleic acid aptamers (GNAAs) with high serum stability. Four glyconucleic acid modules compatible with commercial solid‐phase synthesis are designed and synthesized. Through precise molecular design, the accurate modification of four different carbohydrate ligands at specific sites of DNA aptamers is achieved. It is demonstrated that glycosylation modification can significantly increase DNA aptamers’ serum stability while maintaining their structures and high affinity. The stabilization effect is superior to that of currently commonly used commercial chemical modifications. Moreover, it is confirmed that this approach displays insignificant effects on the DNA aptamers’ tumor‐targeting ability and metabolism in vivo. This method offers a simple, economical, and efficient strategy for precise glycosylation modification of nucleic acids. This allows to prepare glycosyl functional nucleic acids with high serum stability, which can expand the application scope of functional nucleic acids and promote the practical transformation of functional nucleic acids.
Accurately Tunable AuNC‐ZIF Content Architecture Based on Coordination‐Dissociation Mechanism Enables Highly Brightness Dual‐Site Fluorescent Biosensor
Authors: Chen Junyang , Wang Yuqian , Shen Runpu , Li Wei , Gao Sainan , Xiao Zhikang , Lv Qiyan , Song Xiaojie , Xu Jianzhong , Xu Gaoxiang , Cui Huifang , Li Zhaohui
Published: December 2024

The quantum yield and fluorescence intensity of gold nanocluster (AuNC) nanocarriers are critical parameters for developing ultrasensitive biosensors. In this study, AuNCs‐zeolitic‐imidazolate‐framework (Au‐ZIF) nanocomposites are systematically constructed by impregnating AuNCs onto the ZIF‐8 surface through a coordination‐dissociation mechanism, resulting in a dual‐site fluorescence‐loaded structure. In this configuration, AuNCs are anchored to the external surface while the integrity of the inner cavity remains intact. The surface of ZIF‐8 induces a confinement effect on the configuration and electrons of AuNCs, significantly enhancing luminescence (18‐fold increase). The quantum yield of AuNCs exhibits an increase of more than 13‐fold, from 2.80% to 38.1%. This approach demonstrates broad applicability and maintains strong fluorescence across different ZIFs. Additionally, a novel nanocomposite, Au‐ZIF@carbon‐dots (CDs), is synthesized by encapsulating CDs into the inner cavity of Au‐ZIF. A ratiometric fluorescence detection platform is subsequently developed and incorporated into hydrogels for the quantitative detection of the pesticide triazophos. By employing an image‐processing algorithm, quantitative detection is achieved with a detection limit of 0.07 ng mL⁻1. The findings provide crucial insights into the relationship between the assembly and performance of AuNCs and ZIFs, offering guidance for designing ultrasensitive multifunctional biosensors applicable in the field of biosensing.
Photo‐Induced Synthesis of Ytterbium and Manganese‐Doped CsPbCl3 Nanocrystals for Visible to Near‐Infrared Photoluminescence with Negative Thermal Quenching
Authors: Fang Xiaochen , Chen Zhuo , Leung Mandy Hei Man , Zheng Biao , Wang Liwei , An Meng , Asakura Yusuke , Yamauchi Yusuke , Yuan Zhanhui
Published: December 2024

Rare‐earth‐doped all‐inorganic perovskite applications for near‐infrared (NIR) emission are crucial for the construction of the next generation of intelligent lighting sources. However, the preparation of rare‐earth‐doped all‐inorganic perovskite is complex, and difficult to control, and the issue of thermal quenching poses significant challenges to its practical application. Here, in order to address these issues, a convenient photo‐induced synthesis method for CsPbCl3:Mn/Yb nanocrystals (NCs) is proposed by decomposing carbon tetrachloride with 365 nm light to provide chloride ions and regulate the formation of perovskite at room temperature. The negative thermal quenching in the NIR emission is achieved through the energy transfer between Mn and Yb. The emission intensity of Yb enhances 3.2 times when the temperature rises to ≈427 K. Furthermore, with the help of the orange emission from the Mn2+ ions and the NIR emission from the Yb3+ ions, visible to NIR light emitting diode (LED) devices are constructed and applied in orange light illumination and night vision imaging. This study enriches the preparation methods and chemical research on perovskite doping, which may open up new opportunities for the widespread application of perovskite‐based materials or device engineering.
Grain Boundaries Control Lithiation of Solid Solution Substrates in Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Aota Leonardo Shoji , Jung Chanwon , Zhang Siyuan , Büyükuslu Ömer K. , Saksena Aparna , Hatipoglu Ezgi , Yadav Poonam , Singh Mahander Pratap , Chen Xinren , Woods Eric , Scheu Christina , Kim Se‐Ho , Raabe Dierk , Gault Baptiste
Published: December 2024

The development of sustainable transportation and communication systems requires an increase in both energy density and capacity retention of Li‐batteries. Using substrates forming a solid solution with body‐centered cubic Li enhances the cycle stability of anode‐less batteries. However, it remains unclear how the substrate microstructure affects the lithiation behavior. Here, a correlative, near‐atomic scale probing approach is deployed through combined ion‐ and electron‐microscopy to examine the distribution of Li in Li‐Ag diffusion couples as model system mimicking high current densities. It is revealed that Li regions with over 93.8% at.% nucleate within Ag at random high‐angle grain boundaries, whereas grain interiors are not lithiated. The role of kinetics and mechanical constraint from the microstructure over equilibrium thermodynamics in dictating the lithiation process is evidenced. The findings suggest that grain size and grain boundary character are critical to enhance the electrochemical performance of interlayers/electrodes, particularly for improving lithiation kinetics and hence reducing dendrite formation.
GLP‐1 Receptor Agonists Alleviate Diabetic Kidney Injury via β‐Klotho‐Mediated Ferroptosis Inhibition
Authors: Tian Shasha , Zhou Saijun , Wu Weixi , lin Yao , Wang Tongdan , Sun Haizhen , A‐Ni‐Wan A‐Shan‐Jiang , Li Yaru , Wang Chongyang , Li Xiaogang , Yu Pei , Zhao Yanjun
Published: December 2024

Semaglutide (Smg), a GLP‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA), shows renal protective effects in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the exact underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study employs transcriptome sequencing and identifies β‐Klotho (KLB) as the critical target responsible for the role of Smg in kidney protection. Smg treatment alleviates diabetic kidney injury by inhibiting ferroptosis in patients, animal models, and HK‐2 cells. Notably, Smg treatment significantly increases the mRNA expression of KLB through the activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway, specifically through the phosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP‐response element‐binding protein (CREB). Subsequently, the adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway is activated, reprograming the key metabolic processes of ferroptosis such as iron metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and the antioxidant response against lipid peroxidation. Suppression of ferroptosis by Smg further attenuates renal inflammation and fibrosis. This work highlights the potential of GLP‐1RAs and KLB targeting as promising therapeutic approaches for DKD management.
Effect of Lanthanum‐Aluminum Co‐Doping on Structure of Hafnium Oxide Ferroelectric Crystals
Authors: Li Zhenhai , Tang Shuqi , Wang Tianyu , Liu Yongkai , Meng Jialin , Yu Jiajie , Xu Kangli , Yuan Ruihong , Zhu Hao , Sun Qingqing , Chen Shiyou , Zhang David Wei , Chen Lin
Published: December 2024

Hafnium oxide (HfO2)‐based devices have been extensively evaluated for high‐speed and low‐power memory applications. Here, the influence of aluminum (Al) and lanthanum (La) co‐doping HfO2 thin films on the ferroelectric characteristics of hafnium‐based devices is investigated. Among devices with different La/Al ratios, the Al and La co‐doped hafnium oxide (HfAlAO) device with 4.2% Al and 2.17% La exhibited the excellent remanent polarization and thermostability. Meanwhile, first principal analyses verified that hafnium‐based thin films with 4.2% Al and 2.17% La promoted the formation of the o‐phase against the paraelectric phase, providing theoretical support for supporting experimental results. Furthermore, a vertical ferroelectric HfO2 memory based on 3D macaroni architecture is reported. The devices show excellent ferroelectric characteristics of 22 µC cm−2 under 4.5 MV cm−1 and minimal coercive field of ≈1.6 V. In addition, the devices exhibit great memory performance, including the response speed of device can achieve 20 ns and endurance characteristic can achieve 1010 cycles.
An On‐Chip Second‐Order Elastic Topological Insulator for Demultiplexing Out‐of‐Plane and In‐Plane Corner Modes
Authors: Chen Yafeng , Fan Lei , Zhu Jie , Su Zhongqing
Published: December 2024

Second‐order elastic topological insulators (SETIs) with tightly localized corner states present a promising avenue for manipulating elastic waves in lower dimensions. However, existing SETIs typically support corner states of only a single mode, either out‐of‐plane or in‐plane. In this work, an on‐chip SETI that simultaneously hosts both high‐frequency out‐of‐plane and in‐plane corner states at ≈0.2 MHz is introduced. The presence of these corner states is experimentally validated, and their selective excitation by tuning the excitation frequency is demonstrated. This capability to demultiplex out‐of‐plane and in‐plane corner states positions the SETI as a potential platform for developing multifunctional elastic devices and enhancing the communication capacities of elastic waves. Furthermore, due to its structural simplicity, the SETI can be readily scaled and integrated into on‐chip elastic circuits, making it suitable for applications in micro‐electromechanical systems.
Co–In Bimetallic Hydroxide Nanosheet Arrays With Coexisting Hydroxyl and Metal Vacancies Anchored on Rod‐Like MOF Template for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Feng Jingjuan , Li Weiwei , Chen Tianxia , Zeng Zhaopeng , Tian Meng , Ji Wenxin , Guo Yan , Min Shixiong , Liu Xiangyu
Published: December 2024

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) can serves as catalysts for CO2 photocatalytic reduction (CO2PR). However, the conventionally synthesized LDHs undergo undesired aggregation, which results in an insufficient number of active sites and limits the desirable electron transfer required for CO2PR. The metal‐organic framework (MOF) template‐grown LDHs demonstrate excellent promise for exploiting the strengths of both MOFs and LDHs. Herein, the in situ growth of MIL‐68(In)‐NH2 MOF‐templated Co–In bimetallic catalyst (CoIn‐LDH/MOF) having an ultrathin nanosheet morphology on the preserved rod‐like MOF template is demonstrated. Compared to the conventionally grown bimetallic LDH (CoIn‐LDH), CoIn‐LDH/MOF not only exposes more active sites but also possesses hydroxyl vacancies (VOH) and Co vacancies (VCo). Thus, CoIn‐LDH/MOF performs a higher CO generation rate of 2320 µmol g−1 h−1 during CO2PR, demonstrating improved activity and selectivity than those in CoIn‐LDH. Experiments coupled with calculations reveal that the CoIn‐LDH/MOF‐driven CO2PR follows the *COOH pathway. The lower energy barriers for the formation of *COOH and CO(g) can be attributed to the coexistence of VOH and VCo in CoIn‐LDH/MOF, effectively promoting charge transfer and enhancing CO2PR performance. This study provides a new strategy to obtain high‐performant LDH‐based catalysts with improved morphology.
The ZnO‐SiO2 Composite Phase with Dual Regulation Function Enables Uniform Zn2+ Flux and Fast Zinc Deposition Kinetics Toward Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Guo Dongfang , Li Fengyu , Zhang Bin
Published: December 2024

As an important candidate for rechargeable energy storage devices, the large‐scale development of aqueous zinc ion batteries has been hindered by hydrogen evolution and uncontrollable dendrites of metal anodes. A novel ZnO‐SiO2 composite interface phase (Zn@ZSCP) with a double protective effect based on in situ synthesis by hydrothermal method is used to improve these difficulties. The hydrophilic SiO2 layer is beneficial to the dissolution of hydrated zinc ions and reduces the nucleation barrier during zinc deposition, while the stable ZnO layer helps to adjust the electric field distribution on the surface of the metal anode to further induce uniform zinc nucleation. The cycle life of the Zn@ZSCP||Zn@ZSCP symmetric battery based on this innovative interface phase modification is up to 2500 h. Even at a high current density of 8 mA cm−2, the symmetric battery still has a stable cycle life of more than 2000 h. The zinc‐iodine full battery based on Zn@ZSCP anode and low‐cost biomass‐derived porous carbon exhibits an excellent specific capacity and outstanding cycle stability. This simple and reasonable battery structure design not only improves the practicability of aqueous zinc ion batteries to a certain extent but also helps to develop more efficient and environmentally friendly zinc metal batteries.
Mechanically Twisting‐Induced Top‐Down Chirality Transfer for Tunable Full‐Color Circularly Polarized Luminescent Fibers
Authors: Yu Xiaoxiao , Chen Linfeng , Liu Qin , Liu Xiaoqing , Qiu Zhenduo , Zhang Xinhai , Zhu Meifang , Cheng Yanhua
Published: December 2024

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials with rich optical information are highly attractive for optical display, information storage, and encryption. Although previous investigations have shown that external force fields can induce CPL activity in nonchiral systems, the unique role of macroscopic external forces in inducing CPL has not been demonstrated at the level of molecule or molecular aggregate. Here, a canonical example of CPL generation by mechanical twisting in an achiral system consisting of a polymer matrix with embedded fluorescent molecules is presented. By carefully adjusting the twisting parameters in time and space, in conjunction with circular dichroism (CD), CPL, and 2D wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (2D WAXS) studies, a twisting‐induced top‐down chiral transfer mechanism derived from the molecular‐level asymmetric rearrangement of fluorescent units is elucidated within polymers under external torsional forces. This top‐down chiral transfer provides a simple, scalable, and versatile mechanical twisting strategy for the fabrication of CPL materials, allowing for fabricating full‐color and handedness‐tunable CPL fibers, where the macroscopic twist direction determines the CPL handedness. Moreover, the weavability of CPL fibers greatly extend their applications in anti‐counterfeit encryption, as demonstrated by using embroidery techniques to design multilevel encryption patterns.
Occupational Stress and Sleep of Military Police Officers From Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Garcia Luiz Otavio Ribeiro , Moreira Ruda , Silva Maria‐Raquel G.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Military Police officers of Rio de Janeiro's State have been considered the most lethal security forces in Brazil, corresponding to 52.35% of deaths in policing actions. The main aim of this study was to identify occupational stress among military police officers in Rio de Janeiro State and its relationship with the psychosocial environment, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness.

Methods

Two hundred and forty‐two military policemen, divided into two groups (elite and non‐elite), were evaluated occupational stress by the Lipp's Stress Symptoms Inventory (LSSI), daytime sleepiness (DS) by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and sleep quality (SQ) by the Pitsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

Results

Military police officers (entire sample) showed dissatisfaction related to psychological support from the military institution (p = 0.004), about the inefficiency of the judicial system (p < 0.001) and their low popularity towards society (p = 0.009). The group of elite police officers slept significantly less (p = 0.026) and, in general, suffered more from severe daytime sleepiness, had poorer SQ and showed lower levels of occupational stress than their peers. It was possible to identify that stress can be detected, developed, and intensified in military police officers as a result of the environment in which they are exposed and this interferes significantly in sleep and daytime sleepiness (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Through this study, it is hoped that measures can be implemented to enhance the work environment and thereby improve the quality of life for this military population. Furthermore, it is intended to stimulate more comprehensive and longitudinal studies, particularly inclusive of female military personnel.
Exploring the Clinical Spectrum of HUWE1‐Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder: Five New Patients and Literature Review
Authors: De Falco Alessandro , Minale Elia Marco Paolo , Meossi Camilla , Pagano Stefano , Trovato Rosanna , Agolini Emanuele , Mucciolo Mafalda , Novelli Antonio , Bartolini Emanuele , Santorelli Filippo Maria , Piscopo Carmelo
Published: December 2024

Turner‐type X‐linked syndromic intellectual developmental disorder (MRXST) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with variants in the HUWE1 gene on chromosome Xp11. The condition is characterized by variable phenotypes, including global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and distinctive facial dysmorphisms, with inheritance patterns ranging from X‐linked recessive to de novo mutations in females. Here, we describe five probands in two families, highlighting their clinical features and genetic findings. Trio whole‐exome sequencing identified a de novo variant in HUWE1 in the proband in one family and a maternally inherited hemizygous variant in three boys in a second family. A comprehensive review of HUWE1‐associated cases from the literature assisted genotype–phenotype correlations, revealing consistent features such as intellectual disability, skeletal anomalies, and facial dysmorphisms as well as instances of intrafamilial variability. Our findings confirm the phenotypic variability of MRXST and underscore the significance of the HUWE1 gene product in neurodevelopment. We propose a baseline monitoring protocol to aid in diagnosis and management, contributing to the development of specific guidelines for patient follow‐up.
Boosting Adsorption and Selectivity of Acetylene by Nitro Functionalisation in Copper(II)‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Guo Lixia , Han Xue , Li Jiangnan , Li Weiyao , Chen Yinlin , Manuel Pascal , Schröder Martin , Yang Sihai
Published: December 2024

Purification and storage of acetylene (C2H2) are important to many industrial processes. The exploitation of metal–organic framework (MOF) materials to address the balance between selectivity for C2H2 vs carbon dioxide (CO2) against maximising uptake of C2H2 has attracted much interest. Herein, we report that the synergy between unsaturated Cu(II) sites and functional groups, fluoro (−F), methyl (−CH3), nitro (−NO2) in a series of isostructural MOF materials MFM‐190(R) that show exceptional adsorption and selectivity of C2H2. At 298 K, MFM‐190(NO2) exhibits an C2H2 uptake of 216 cm3 g−1 (320 cm3 g−1 at 273 K) at 1.0 bar and a high selectivity for C2H2/CO2 (up to ~150 for v/v = 2/1) relevant to that in the industrial cracking stream. Dynamic breakthrough studies validate and confirm the excellent separation of C2H2/CO2 by MFM‐190(NO2) under ambient conditions. In situ neutron powder diffraction reveals the cooperative binding, packing and selectivity of C2H2 by unsaturated Cu(II) sites and free −NO2 groups.
Lignin‐Based Polymeric Hydrogel Materials for the Removal of Copper Ions From Water
Authors: Roa Karina , Oyarce Estefanía , Boulett Andrés , Pizarro Guadalupe , Sánchez Julio
Published: December 2024

Sodium 4‐styrene sulfonate was polymerized with lignosulfonic acid (LS) to obtain adsorbents for copper ions. The percentage of LS was varied, and the obtained systems were characterized by Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. Chemical composition, adequate thermostability, and a porous morphology with a pore size distribution favoring Cu(II) adsorption were corroborated. In hydration studies, all systems have a swelling capacity higher than 2000% at 60.0 min, whereas systems prepared with 20.0 and 30.0 wt.% of LS adsorb a higher amount of water owing to the high availability of polar sites. In contrast, adsorption studies were able to capture 25.1 mg of Cu(II) per g of adsorbent (prepared with 30.0 wt.% LS). The data obtained were fitted to a pseudo‐first‐order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm model, indicating a heterogeneous adsorbent surface. The thermodynamic parameters demonstrated the affinity between the active sites of the solid and Cu(II) in solution. It was determined that the adsorption mechanism is governed by the concentration gradient of Cu(II) at the interface (adsorbent–solution) and interactions of ion exchange and complexation types. Finally, the reuse of the bio‐based adsorbent was achieved in consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles in up to four cycles.
A Deeper Investigation of New Organic Nanocomposite System MEH‐PPV‐P3HT/SWCNT for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Mbarek M. , Ltayef M. , Almoneef M. , Alimi K.
Published: December 2024

This work aims to experimentally investigate the elaborated nanocomposite based on the MEH‐PPV‐P3HT copolymer as a donor, which blended with the SWCNTs as an acceptor with different weight concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5% of SWCNTs). Various characterization techniques have been performed to analyze the effect of varying the SWCNTs' weight and the interaction between the two materials. The morphological and vibrational analysis were carried out using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman's spectroscopy, which indicate the dispersion of the SWCNT in the copolymer matrix. To analyze the optical properties, UV–visible, photoluminescence, and time‐resolved photoluminescence techniques have been used. To ascertain the influence of the SWCNTs addition, a comparative study between the resulting nanocomposite, basic copolymer, and various SWCNT concentrations has been examined. The results that have been accomplished demonstrate that the mixing between the copolymer MEH‐PPV‐P3HT and the SWCNTs reduces the band gap energy to be equal to 1.7 eV enhancing the charge transfer (CT) process and increases the absorption volume in the visible range. An increment in the average decay time compared to the MEH‐PPV‐P3HT has been noticed which improves the non‐radiative luminescence process. To analyze the intermolecular interaction, theoretical modeling using density functional theory (DFT) has been performed.
Resistance Welding Joints of CF/PEEK Orthogonal Laminates Strengthened by in situ Grafting of ZnO‐Nanowires: Preparation, Properties, and Mechanism
Authors: Xiong Xuhai , Jiao Mengyuan , Zhao Pu , Yang Shuai , Ren Rong , Wang Jing , Cui Xu
Published: December 2024

A high strength bonding interface by resistance welding has always been a goal for the production of highly reliable resin‐based composite joints. In this work, SS mesh element with grafted ZnO nanowires (SSM@ZnO) was developed for resistance welding of CF/PEEK composite laminates to improving interfacial strength. First, the surface of stainless‐steel mesh (SSM) was modified by in Situ grafting of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires via hydrothermal growth method and the as‐obtained product (SSM@ZnO) used to the resistance welding of carbon fiber/polyether ether ketone (CF/PEEK) orthogonal laminates. The dependance of the SSM@ZnO microstructure, heating properties, wettability and interfacial adhesion on the growth time was investigated. The electrical heating rate under constant input power is increased from 4.8°C/s to 7.12°C/s, and IFSS between SSM@ZnO and PEEK resin is increased from original 45 MPa to 61 MPa. The mechanical properties and failure mode of CF/PEEK resistance welding joints were characterized by single lap shear stress (SLSS) and SEM, respectively. At SSM@ZnO growth time of 8 h, the SLSS reaches the maximum value of 52.8 MPa, and the failure mode was shifted from interfacial peeling between CF/PEEK laminate and adhesion layer to fiber tearing of CF/PEEK laminate surface.
Function of PxGrp78 in the Reproduction of Plutella xylostella
Authors: Gong Si‐Yuan , Zhang Can‐Xin , Xue Chen‐Meng , Yang Xiao‐Han , Xue Chao‐Bin
Published: December 2024

Glucose‐regulated protein 78 (Grp78), a crucial molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum, has been extensively investigated in vertebrates. However, its functional exploration in insects remains limited. This study cloned the full‐length cDNA sequence of Grp78 in Plutella xylostella (L.), which is 2583 bp long. The open reading frame (ORF) is 2004 bp in length and encodes a total of 667 amino acids, including three conserved characteristic sequences of the HSP70 family. PxGrp78 is expressed in various developmental stages of P. xylostella, with the highest expression observed in third instar larvae and higher expression in female adults compared to male adults. The interference with PxGrp78 in female adults was found to significantly reduce the quantity of egg laying and the hatching rate, as well as shorten the oviposition period and down‐regulate the expression of the PxVg gene. These results suggested an important role for PxGrp78 in the reproduction of P. xylostella.
Molecular Imaging of Nitric Oxide Surrogates with Organelle‐Specific Fluorescent Probes
Authors: Yadav Rashmi , SanuKhan Rafique , Kalita Nripankar , Mendiratta Sana , Sivaramakrishnan Shreya , Murugan Shreekanth , Samanta Animesh
Published: December 2024

Nitric oxide is an important signalling molecule responsible for maintaining body's homeostasis. Any dysregulation in NO can lead to many pathological conditions like atherosclerosis, cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, hypertension and inflammation. Several, sensing technologies are used for sensing NO. Among these, fluorescent imaging is considered to be one of the most efficient. Till date, approximately 123 fluorescent probes are reported related to nitric oxide (NO) sensing fluorescent probes for the sensitive, selective, and real‐time detection of NO at both the cellular and subcellular levels. In the past five years, around 41 fluorescent probes and four review articles have been published, specifically focusing on the detection of nitric oxide. Despite considerable advancements in this area, no systematic review has summarized various organelle‐targeting NO‐sensing fluorescent probes. Herein, we summarized last five years from 2019 to 2024 along with the key pioneering research in this field covering divergent roles of NO across various cellular organelles. We have included 41 probes by classifying into different organelle targeting sections. We strongly believe this review will provide an advanced summary of NO specific fluorescent probes and their applications for monitoring the progression of diseases in in vitro to in vivo models such as drosophila, zebrafish, mouse models.
Children's social preference for teachers versus peers in autism inclusion classrooms: An objective perspective
Authors: Drye Madison , Banarjee Chitra , Perry Lynn , Viggiano Alyssa , Irvin Dwight , Messinger Daniel
Published: December 2024

In inclusive preschools, children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disabilities (DD) are less socially engaged with peers than are typically developing (TD) children. However, there is limited objective information describing how children with ASD engage with teachers, or how teacher engagement compares to engagement with peers. We tracked over 750 hours' worth of children's (N = 77; NASD = 24, NDD = 23, NTD = 30; Mage = 43.98 months) and teachers' (N = 12) locations and orientations across eight inclusion preschool classrooms to quantify child‐teacher and child‐peer social preference. Social approach velocity and time in social contact were computed for each child and compared across social partners to index children's preference for teachers over peers. Children with ASD approached teachers–‐but not peers—more quickly than children with TD, and children with ASD were approached more quickly by teachers and more slowly by peers than children with TD. Children with ASD spent less time in social contact with peers and did not differ from children with TD in their time in social contact with teachers. Overall, children with ASD showed a greater preference for approaching, being approached by, and being in social contact with teachers (relative to peers) than children with TD. No significant differences emerged between children with DD and children with TD. In conclusion, children with ASD exhibited a stronger preference for engaging with teachers over peers, re‐emphasizing the need for classroom‐based interventions that support the peer interactions of children with ASD.
Development of a UPLC‐MS/MS Method for Bioanalysis of Ethoxysanguinarine and Its Application in Pharmacokinetic Study of Ethoxysanguinarine Nanoemulsion
Authors: Luo Jianhui , Chen Songshen , Song WenYang , Huang Yongtong , Gao Song , Wang Jiu
Published: December 2024

Ethoxysanguinarine (ETSG), a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, exhibits diverse biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti‐tumor effects. Despite these properties, limited research exists on ETSG in vivo pharmacokinetics due to its poor solubility and low bioavailability. In this study, we developed a rapid and specific UPLC‐MS/MS method for ETSG bioanalysis. Sample preparation involved one‐step protein precipitation using methanol and phellodendrine as an internal standard (IS). The Waters HSS T3 column (2.1 * 50 mm, 1.8 μM) employed a gradient elution with mobile phases A (2 mmol/L ammonium formate aqueous solution‐formic acid [99.8:0.2, v/v]) and B (methanol‐formic acid [99.8:0.2, v/v]). Mass analysis via Waters Q‐mass spectrometer utilized positive scan mode and multiple reaction monitoring. ETSG and IS were detected at m/z 332.0 → 274.0 and 342.0 → 177.0, respectively, within 7.0 min. The method demonstrated excellent precision, accuracy, recovery, and stability, with a linear calibration curve (1.1–560 ng/mL) and strong correlation coefficient (0.9984). Successful pharmacokinetic evaluation in Sprague–Dawley rats included intravenous ETSG administration and intragastric ETSG nanoemulsion/suspension. This method enables steroidal saponin analysis from ETSG in biological samples.
Determinants of Success for Women Entrepreneurs: An Examination of Small and Medium‐Sized Women‐Led Businesses in India's Emerging Market
Authors: Tanzeela  , Kumar Dinesh , Mehraj Danish
Published: December 2024

Women entrepreneurs play a crucial role in the economic development of nations, particularly in developing countries where their contribution becomes even more significant. This underscores the importance of women‐owned small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and their achievements as entrepreneurs. Consequently, this study aims to expand the entrepreneurship literature by investigating the impact of factors such as personality traits (PT), motivation and commitment (MC), the availability of financial resources (AFR), and economic factors (EC) on the entrepreneurial success (ES) of women‐led SMEs. Data was collected from 255 women‐owned SMEs using a stratified sampling technique, and a multi‐SEM approach was applied to analyze the data. The results from structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that PT, MC, AFR, and EC directly influence ES. Notably, PT and EC emerged as the most significant factors associated with ES. These findings can serve as valuable guidance for business practitioners and policymakers when formulating strategies to promote and support women entrepreneurs, who, in turn, can contribute significantly to sustainable economic growth in their respective countries.
Differences in Ancestry and Presence of Gastric Precursor Lesions in Individuals With Young‐ and Average‐Onset Gastric Cancer
Authors: Magahis Patrick T. , Cornet Nicole , Tang Laura , Arora Kanika , Hingorani Neha , King Stephanie , Markowitz Arnold J. , Schattner Mark , Shimada Shoji , Maron Steven B. , Vardhana Santosha , Lumish Melissa , Cercek Andrea , Janjigian Yelena Y. , Coit Daniel , Mendelsohn Robin B. , Berger Michael F. , Strong Vivian E. , Stadler Zsofia K. , Laszkowska Monika
Published: December 2024

Background

There has been a paradoxical rise in young‐onset gastric cancer (YOGC), defined as gastric cancer (GC) diagnosed before age 50. Precursor lesions may contribute to pathogenesis, though their role in progression to different histologic subtypes is unclear. The impact of self‐reported race is also poorly characterized and may be unreliable as a proxy for genetic differences. We aimed to compare differences in histology and genetic ancestry between YOGC and average‐onset gastric cancer (AOGC).

Methods

This retrospective cohort included all patients with GC at Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) from January 2013 to March 2021. Data on demographics, tumor characteristics, and precursor lesions were collected. Genetic ancestry was inferred from MSK‐Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets panel.

Results

Of 1685 individuals with GC, 290 had YOGC. Compared to AOGC, individuals with YOGC tended to be female, Hispanic, foreign‐born, and feature diffuse‐type histology. YOGC was less likely to have precursor lesions, including intestinal metaplasia (20% vs. 37%, p < 0.01) and dysplasia (4% vs. 14%, p < 0.01). Of 560 patients with ancestry data, 127 had YOGC. Admixed, East Asian, and South Asian ancestries were more likely to present with YOGC while Europeans presented with AOGC. Intestinal metaplasia was enriched among East Asians, maintained when stratifying by histology and GC onset.

Conclusions

We observed YOGC was more common in East and South Asians, and while YOGC may be less likely to develop in the setting of precursor lesions these high‐risk states may also be enriched in East Asians. Future research is needed to understand drivers behind such differences and outcome disparities given these individuals may be less amenable to endoscopic interventions.
Targeting Tumor Endothelial Cells by EGCG Using Specific Liposome Delivery System Inhibits Vascular Inflammation and Thrombosis
Authors: Jia Zi , Maishi Nako , Takekawa Hideki , Matsuda Aya Yanagawa , Nakade Taisei , Nakamura Takashi , Harashima Hideyoshi , Hida Yasuhiro , Hida Kyoko
Published: December 2024

Background

Inflammation is one of the hallmarks of cancer and is associated with tumor growth. Tumor endothelial cells (TECs) demonstrate inflamed phenotypes. Endothelial inflammation initiates thrombus formation, which is the second cause of cancer‐related deaths. Epigallocatechin‐3‐O‐gallate (EGCG), a natural compound in green tea, has demonstrated an anti‐inflammatory effect. However, the tumor progression inhibition effect of EGCG by targeting TEC inflammation remains unclear. This study addresses the anti‐tumor effect of EGCG, especially its anti‐inflammatory role in TECs.

Methods

In vitro, the effect of EGCG on TECs were studied using real‐time quantitative PCR and immunofluoresence to analyza gene and protein expression. In vivo, a cyclic RGD liposome delivery system (MEND) was employed to efficiently deliver EGCG to TECs in tumor‐bearing mice.

Results

In vitro, EGCG significantly reduces inflammatory cytokine expression, including tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6, IL‐8, and IL‐1β through NF‐κB signaling inhibition. Additionally, von Willebrand factor reduction in TECs, which is involved in platelet adhesion and thrombosis formation, was analyzed. Our results revealed that EGCG‐MEND significantly inhibited TEC inflammation and thrombus formation in tumors. Additionally, EGCG‐MEND improved tumor immunity by reducing programmed death‐ligand 1 expression and promoting high endothelial venule formation by recruiting CD8+ T cells.

Conclusion

Our results indicate the anti‐tumor potential of EGCG‐MEND in normalizing the inflammatory immune microenvironment and inhibiting thrombosis by targeting TEC.
Molecular Networks as Strategy for Dereplication of Steroidal Alkaloids of Herbarium Samples of Solanum jabrense Agra and M. Nee, an Endemic and Unexplored Species
Authors: Lima e Silva Anauara , de Medeiros Brito Thiago Araújo , Agra Maria de Fátima , Sobral da Silva Marcelo , Tavares Josean Fechine
Published: December 2024

Solanum jabrense is an endemic species from Brazil, distributed in the phytogeographic domains of the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest, in the states of Northeast. Solanum L. species have great economic importance not only because they are used in human food, but also because they present several secondary metabolites, especially glycosylated steroidal alkaloids, giving them medicinal properties. Recently, dry herbarium specimens have been used to identify metabolites of interest preserved even after years of storage, using a simple and fast method of extraction and analysis by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). Dereplication techniques aided by molecular networks (MNs) were used to analyze the chemical composition from samples of S. jabrense herbarium specimens and to identify chemical markers and bioactive molecules with potential medicinal use. From the LC–MS/MS dataset of the crude extracts and a standard (solasodine), an MN was generated that resulted in the dereplication of 19 spirosolane‐type alkaminas. Our results suggest that dereplication using fragments of dried Solanum specimens is a quick tool to identify potential conserved metabolites, being useful not only for chemotaxonomy and metabolomic but also for the discovery of new molecules in natural products.
New Frontiers for Orbital Atherectomy—Crossing an Uncrossable Chronic Total Occlusion
Authors: Helal Ayman , Farooq Mohsin
Published: December 2024

Managing chronic total occlusions (CTOs) in coronary artery disease remains a significant challenge, especially in cases where standard techniques fail to cross the lesion. Uncrossable lesions are rare but require innovative strategies for successful treatment. Orbital atherectomy, traditionally used for calcified plaques, may offer a solution in these cases. We present the case of a 62‐year‐old male with exertional chest pain and a CTO in the right coronary artery (RCA). The patient had a positive stress echocardiogram for inducible ischemia despite optimized medical therapy. Multiple conventional techniques, including ballooning, microcatheter use, and laser atherectomy, failed to cross the proximal cap of the CTO. After these methods proved ineffective, orbital atherectomy using the DiamondBack 360 system successfully crossed the lesion and enabled subsequent balloon angioplasty and stenting. This may be the first reported case where orbital atherectomy was used after the failure of laser and other techniques. The case highlights the role of orbital atherectomy in the treatment of uncrossable CTOs, expanding its application beyond calcified lesions. The versatility of this technology, particularly when other methods fail, underscores its importance as an adjunctive tool in complex PCI. In conclusion, orbital atherectomy should be considered a valuable option for crossing uncrossable coronary CTOs, especially when standard and advanced techniques, including laser atherectomy, fail. This case broadens the scope of its use in coronary intervention, providing a new perspective on tackling resistant lesions.
Predicting Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier Saturation in Dehydrogenation Cell Gas Diffusion Layers for Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Farsi Aida , Zhu Lijun , Seip Tess , Bazylak Aimy
Published: December 2024

Dehydrogenating methylcyclohexane (MCH) as a liquid organic hydrogen carrier offers a promising method for producing stored hydrogen. However, the transport properties of the gas diffusion layers (GDLs) in dehydrogenation cells (D‐cells) have not yet been optimized for high reactant saturation at the GDL‐catalyst layer (CL) interface, which is crucial for increasing hydrogen production. We applied pore network modeling (PNM) to quantify the anisotropic transport properties and local saturation of MCH in GDLs with distinct microstructures. We demonstrate that GDLs with larger mean pore diameters and lower tortuosity exhibit higher MCH permeability and diffusivity. Moreover, a high porosity at the GDL‐CL interface increases MCH saturation (from 0.05 to 0.11), highlighting the impact of local GDL porosity on MCH supply to the catalyst. The results of the invasion percolation simulation revealed that smaller pore sizes lead to a longer MCH transport pathway to the GDL‐CL interface, thereby reducing MCH saturation at this interface (by more than twofold), which hinders reactant availability for hydrogen production. Therefore, we recommend a GDL that combines large pores for efficient MCH flow and small pores close to the CL for liquid retention to enhance MCH utilization in the anode of D‐cell, particularly at high current densities.
Current Collectors for Supercapacitors: Objectives, Modification Methods and Challenges
Authors: Liu Miao , Liu Ji‐Chi , Zhang Yue , Han Xu , Li Hui , Huang Zi‐Hang , Ma Tianyi
Published: December 2024

Supercapacitors (SCs) have emerged as promising candidates for efficient and sustainable energy storage devices due to their unique merits, including high power density and long lifespan. However, despite these advantages, SCs face significant challenges related to their relatively low energy density. Current collectors are critical components of SCs, which significantly impacts the efficiency and overall performance by connecting active materials and external devices. However, the reviews on SCs are predominantly focused on electrode active materials or electrolyte materials, with insufficient comprehensive summaries regarding current collectors. This review focuses on the research progress related to current collectors in SCs. Firstly, the article outlines the modification objectives mechanism and inherent nature of SC current collectors. Building on this foundation, the authors further classify the current collector materials towards metallic, carbon‐based, polymers and other ones and highlights their modification strategies. Finally, the future development trends and challenges of SCs current collectors are comprehensively discussed.
Current‐Dependent Product Distribution and Reaction Mechanisms of Glycerol Electrooxidation on Nickel
Authors: Ng Eva , Mesa Camilo A. , Más‐Marzá Elena , Giménez Sixto
Published: December 2024

The Glycerol Electrooxidation Reaction (GEOR) is a promising alternative to oxygen evolution in electrochemical processes like hydrogen production and CO2 reduction. Although GEOR has attracted increasing attention, its oxidation kinetics in alkaline media are not well understood. In this study, electrochemical characterization and kinetic analysis were conducted using nickel foil as the electrocatalyst. Four galvanostatic conditions (1, 3, 5, and 10 mA cm−2) were evaluated to study product distribution. Increasing the current density from 3 to 5 mA cm−2 led to a fivefold decrease in formate production, indicating a shift in GEOR selectivity within the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) region. At 10 mA cm−2, formate remained as major product, followed by glycolate and glycerate, while tartronate and oxalate production were significantly inhibited, reducing the total Faradaic Efficiency (FE) by half relative to 5 mA cm−2. Rate constants showed increased kinetics for glycerate, glycolate, oxalate, and tartronate as current increased, surpassing formate production at 5 mA cm−2. Spectroelectrochemical measurements revealed the reaction order for GEOR (αGEOR ~1) and OER (αOER ~3), showing that GEOR proceeds via a more efficient oxidative pathway, requiring interaction with just one NiOOH species, while OER involves three highly oxidized Ni‐species.
Proposing Oxalic Acid as Chemical Storage of Carbon Dioxide to Achieve Carbon Neutrality
Authors: Scarpa de Souza Edson Leonardo , Neumann Helfried , Roque Duarte Correia Carlos , Beller Matthias
Published: December 2024

Increasing emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere due to the use of fossil fuels and ongoing deforestation are affecting the global climate. To reach the Paris climate agreement, in the coming decades low emission technologies must be developed, which allow for carbon removal on a Gt per year‐scale. In this regard, we propose the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to oxalic acid as a potentially viable pathway for large scale CO2 utilization and storage. Combined with water oxidation, in principle this transformation does not need stoichiometric amounts of co‐reagents and minimize the necessary electrons for the reduction of carbon dioxide.