bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of Fault Tolerant Control Laws for Jet Engines
Authors: Sneha Rachel Francis , Mija J.S.
Published: August 2013

Full Authority Digital Electronic Control (FADEC) system is common in all modern jet engines. In jet engine, the simplest control system is to produce desired engine thrust by changing the fuel flow. Since in flight engine thrust measurement is practically not possible, engine low pressure shaft rotational speed (N1/NL), engine pressure ratio (EPR), or exhaust jet temperature (EJT) has been effectively used as an indicator of the engine thrust. In this paper, the model used is twin spool turbofan engine. If any fault occurs in N1 sensor, the entire engine operation will be affected. Since there exists a unique aerodynamic relationship among the spool speeds, if any fault occurs in N1 sensor, engine thrust can be controlled with a certain amount of degradation using high pressure spool speed (N2/NH).Both soft and hard failures are detected using kalman filter, range, rate and comparison techniques. The eﬀectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by means of simulations.
SMA Pitch Used in a Surface of Airport to Build the Maintenance Strategy - Airport Practice Discussion of Cross-Strait
Authors: Yin Tai Sheng , Wu Sonic , Wang Chun Yuan
Published: August 2013

Transportation is that the mankind limits the material space activity with derivation of economic activity because of the topography, air transportation, makes the distance define that shrink, is overcoming the advantages of topography and speed, passenger-cargo main fast transportation type attitude that air transport becomes this century. Thesis this maintain the intersection of demonstration and way of policy by runway, and the intersection of pavement match to the material two factors canvass SMA asphalt to use for pavement of runway benefits of airport from construct. Safeguarded the planning of homework properties to channel into and manage the operation with the commercial properties of value engineering (V.E.) [1] to describe. Thesis of main contribution is to combine behavioral theory and the value engineering of strategy, apply to runway pavement the material.
A Comparison between Effects of Linear and Non-Linear Mechanistic Behaviour of Materials on the Layered Flexible Pavement Response
Authors: Ghadimi Behzad , Nikraz Hamid , Leek Colin , Nega Ainalem
Published: August 2013

Modelling granular pavement materials has a significant role in the pavement design procedure. Modelling can be through an experimental or numerical approach to predict the granular behaviour during cyclic loading. The current design process in Australia is based on linear elastic analysis of layers. The analysis is performed through a well-known program CIRCLY which is applied to model bound pavement material behaviour. The KENLAYER is one of the common pavement software models used for pavement design in the United States which performs non-linear analysis for granular materials. Alternatively, a general Finite Element program such as ABAQUS can be used to model the complicated behaviour of multilayer granular materials. This study is to compare results of numerical modelling with these three programs on two sample pavement models.
Investigation on Adjustment Factor of AASHTO Subgrade Resilient Modulus Prediction
Authors: Tjan Aloysius
Published: August 2013

AASHTO (1993) predicts the backcalculated subgrade resilient modulus on an existing flexible pavement as a function of load applied, surface deflection at a ratio of radial distance to 0.7 of radius of stress bulb at the subgrade pavement interface least one. This paper reports the investigation on the accuracy of the predicted subgrade resilient modulus. From the investigation, the ratio of radial distance at least 1.5 is a better limit. The prediction is improved after an adjustment factor. For thick pavement structures, adjustment factors depends on the pavement structure, it is greater than 1.2. For other cases, with the ratio of radial distance greater than 4.0 the adjustment factor is more stable in a range of 1.06 to 1.10. For the ratio of radial distance in a range of 1.5 to 4 which is more practical for daily routine evaluation, the adjustment factor is in a range of 1.06 to 1.20, and the proposed adjustment factor to be used for pavement evaluation is 1.15.
Performance Changing Regularity of No.70 Road Asphalt with Different Aging Time
Authors: Nie Yi Hua , Liu Ping , Xu Li Xin , Ding Jie
Published: August 2013

In this paper, rolling thin film oven is used to heat No.70 road asphalt to simulate asphalt aging. Six aging time tests of 0min, 40min, 85min, 180min, 240min and 300min were carried and the relationship of asphalt performance indexes before and after aging was got as well as four components. The analysis results indicate that: as the aging time increases, change processes of all performance indexes followed curve of index and the correlation coefficient reached significant level. Changing regularity of asphalt four components are also got: the contents of saturate and aromatic both decrease with the aging time increasing, while asphaltene content and resin content increased and the increasing speed of resin is faster. Key words: No.70 road asphalt; four components; performance index; aging.
Preliminary Evaluation of Field Aging Characteristic of Warm Mix Asphalt
Authors: Yang Shih Hsien , Keita Anthony
Published: August 2013

This study is aimed at evaluating the rate of long-term aging of WMA compared to conventional hot-mix-asphalt (HMA). A test section with recorded traffic and weather information was designated in this study. Field cores of two WMAs and one conventional HMA were taken from the field periodically. Both mix and binder properties of retrieved were measured in the laboratory. The resilient modulus and indirect tensile test were performed to characterize mixture properties. The rheological properties of extracted binder were measured by the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) in order to obtain the complex shear modulus (G*) as well as the phase angle (δ) of binder with and without the WMA additives.
The Research on the Interface Performance of Deck of Cement Concrete Bridge and Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Lei Jin
Published: August 2013

The deck of cement concrete bridge and the interface of asphalt pavement, and these two combined items have a direct effect on the useful life of asphalt pavement. According to the indoor shear test and pullout test, we could learn that the interlayer shear strength and the bond strength are strongly affected by temperature, and it is decreased with increasing test temperature. The pullout test analyses the variation regularity of bond strength between four adhesive layers and bridge panel at different temperatures, which proves that the bond strength is also decreased with increasing test temperature. The research suggests that the shear test and pullout test is worthy of evaluating the interface performance between deck and asphalt pavement under the high stability and low temperature conditions.
Differences in Fatigue Behavior among the Gussasphalt, SMA and AC
Authors: Wu Wen Jun , He Zhao Yi , Hao Zeng Heng , Wang Min
Published: August 2013

Differences in fatigue behavior among Gussasphalt, SMA and AC under different strain levels were studied by means of the four-point flexural fatigue test under strain-controlled mode. The results showed: Compared with SMA and AC, GA is qualified with higher bending stiffness modulus and excellent in load dispersibility and bending deflection resistance, thus its deformation resistance and stress dispersibility are more excellent in all conditions. The analyses based on viscoelasticity showed: Initial and fatigued lag angles of Gussasphalt are bigger than SMA and AC, and the viscoelasticity is more obvious when loading. Besides, the bigger lag angles, the better fatigue resistance.
Dynamic Properties to Evaluate Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Tseng Kuo Hung , Lin Yu Sheng
Published: August 2013

An experimental measurement of dynamic properties, including dynamic modulus and phase angle, of asphalt mixtures with varying saturation levels of moisture has been carried out in the study. The specimens of asphalt mixture were compacted with three different air void contents and two different levels of moisture saturation. The relaxation modulus expressed by Prony series was estimated from the Prony series expression of dynamic modulus. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of air voids on dynamic properties that affect and control moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures and then compare the stress relaxation behavior of asphalt mixtures between dry and moisture conditioning. The results show that dynamic properties are quite sensitive to temperature and loading frequency in dry and different saturation levels of moisture. Moreover, and the smaller the air voids and saturation level, the greater the increase in dynamic modulus and rate of stress relaxation, indicating better resistance to cracking and less moisture susceptibility.
Electrical, Thermal and Induction Heating Properties of Dense Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Garcia Alvaro , Norambuena-Contreras Jose , Partl Manfred N.
Published: August 2013

Induction heating consists in adding electrically conductive fibers to the asphalt mixture and heating them with an induction heating device. But still, the factors that affect the increase of temperature are not well-known. With this purpose, 25 different mixtures, with the same aggregates distribution and amount of bitumen, but with 2 different lengths, 4 different quantities, and 4 different diameters of steel wool fibers have been considered. The influence of fibers on the air void content, electrical and thermal conductivity and on the induction heating of dense asphalt concrete has been studied. It was found that steel wool fibers increase slightly the electrical and thermal conductivities of dense asphalt concrete. Finally, it has been observed that the temperature reached due to the induction heating, increases with the number of fibers in the mixture and with their diameter.
Experimental Study of Performance of Asphalt Mixture under Freeze-Thaw Circle Test
Authors: Gao Li Bo , Fan Xing Hua , Gao Ming , Wang Feng Cheng
Published: August 2013

This paper has studied the mechanical properties (freeze-thaw splitting strength, and dynamic modulus) and road performance (dynamic creep and fatigue life) of the asphalt mixture under the freeze-thaw circle test, and made the quantitative analysis of the influence on the material performance under freeze-thaw circle test.
Interlayer Shear Testing under Combined State of Stress
Authors: D'Andrea Antonio , Russo Simone , Tozzo Cristina
Published: August 2013

This research aims to investigate the influence of the normal load on the shear behavior of double-layer asphalt specimens. The LCB shear test device proposed by Miro has been chosen as model for the design and the development of two new shear tests in the laboratories of the Sapienza University of Rome; under both shear tests, it possible to apply a normal load so as to reproduce the composed state of stress carried out by the vehicular loading. Several compression levels are investigated, paying attention especially to the load application modes and to the effect of the normal stress on the interlocking properties. The study parameters chosen for the analysis are the maximum shear stress and the slope of the final branch of the response curve or the residual shear stress, in relation to the failure behavior due to the devices. The results of tests performed on the first machine, when the normal load is applied, show a direct proportionality with the normal load and the slope of the response curves after the peak remain constant because it is related to the friction features. With the second machine, which was adjusted to evaluate the shear behaviour for high interface displacements, the peak shear stress and the residual one were also evaluated, showing the increasing in relation to the compression applied during the test. The two machines provide different but comparable results.
Measurement of Viscosity Using a Long-Period Fiber-Grating-Based Viscometer
Authors: Wang Jian Neng , Tang Jaw Luen , Chen Chien Hsing , Shen Ping Li , Jheng Yu Shun
Published: August 2013

This work addresses the comprehensive viscosity measurements and assessment of fluidic materials in the range from 0.01 to 2000 Poises using a fiber optical viscometer with the long-period fiber grating (LPFG) technology. The fluidic materials used and evaluated in this study were AC-20 asphalt cement, four types of silicone oils, and sunflower seed oil. We simultaneously measured the LPFG-induced discharge time and the transmission spectra both in hot air and fluidic materials (other than the AC-20 asphalt) at six different temperatures, i.e., 30, 60, 80, 100, 135, and 170 Celsius. An electromechanical rotational viscometer was also used to measure the viscosities of fluidic materialsthe silicone oils and sunflower seed oil at the above six temperatures. Comparative analysis shows that the LPFG-induced discharge time agreed well with the viscosities obtained from the rotational viscometer. The LPFG-based viscometer was capable of measuring the viscosity (discharge time) in the range from 0.12 to 2000 Poises, which is much wider than the viscosity range of a traditional electromechanical rotational viscometer. This fiber-optic LPFG-based viscometer could be proposed and implemented in the field of road and airfield pavement technology such as the viscosity measurements of asphalt cements, emulsified asphalt binders, and other viscous materials. Hopefully, such a highly sensitive viscometer is suitable for use in various fields of applications, such as civil, food, chemical and biological, mechanical, petroleum, and aerospace engineering.
Non-Destructive Evaluation of Engineering Properties of Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Chang Chieh Min , Chen Jian Shiuh
Published: August 2013

The measurement of dielectric response has gained importance because it can be used for non-destructive monitoring of asphalt pavements. The open-ended coaxial probe technique was selected to investigate the dielectric response of the dense-graded asphalt mixture. The effects of material properties such as density on dielectric response were examined. Results indicated that density have a significant influence on dielectric behavior of asphalt mixture. The dielectric constant was shown to increase with increasing density of the asphalt mixture, whereas a high density resulted in low voids that contributed to a relatively high dielectric constant. These findings could be used to enhance the accuracy of non-destructive electromagnetic devices applied in the pavement field.
Research on Interaction between Asphalt and Filler Based on DSR Test
Authors: Zhang Jiu Peng , Pei Jian Zhong , Li Yan Wei
Published: August 2013

To explain the interactive effect between asphalt and fillers in the asphalt mastic, it is probably to start with an assessment of the rheology properties, since asphalt mastics are viscoelastic materials. In this study, firstly prepare the asphalt mastics with different dosage of limestone filler, and the volume fractions of fillers were 0, 14, 24, 32, 39 and 45%. And then, the same asphalt is mixed with different fillers, such as cement and hydrated lime, and the volume fractions of fillers were 18, 23, 28and 33%. DSR test was conducted on all of the asphalt mastic specimens to measure the complex shear modulus G* at different temperature. The volume filling effects and interaction between asphalt and filler are discussed on the analysis of complex shear modulus coefficient and Nielsens model model. It is obviously that G* of asphalt mastics decrease with the test temperature, but increase with the volume fraction of filler. A function relation between complex shear modulus coefficient and volume fraction of fillers is established, and the interaction coefficient α is proposed. For limestone, cement and hydrated lime filler, the interaction coefficient α values are 0.301, 0.317 and 0.429 respectively. Based on Nielsens model and DSR test data, the Einstein coefficient KE is calculated, and Einstein coefficients are 3.761, 5.09 and 7.44 for asphalt-limestone mastic, asphalt-cement mastic and asphalt-hydrated lime mastic respectively. Both the interaction coefficient α and Einstein coefficient KE can be used to represent the interaction between asphalt binder and filler. The bigger value means the better interaction.
Development of Mode-Wise Noise Prediction Models for the Noise Generated Due to Tyre-Pavement Surface Interaction
Authors: Syamkumar Arnepalli , Aditya Kamineni , Chowdary Venkaiah
Published: August 2013

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the noise generated due to tyre-pavement surface interaction for various modes and to develop a noise prediction model for each mode by taking into account various factors affecting the noise generation. Eight asphalt pavement and four cement concrete pavement stretches were selected for measurement of the noise. Tyre-pavement interaction noise was measured using controlled pass-by method by eliminating the noise generated from engine and the vehicle exhaust systems. Noise levels were measured as a function of vehicle type, vehicle speed, loading condition, pavement temperature, direction of wind, and type of pavement. The influence of each of these variables are analyzed and quantified in this paper. The vehicle speed is found to be the most significant variable affecting the noise generated due to tyre-pavement surface interaction followed by other variables. Further, individual noise prediction models are developed for each mode in each survey location and a combined tyre-pavement interaction noise model is developed for each mode for both asphalt and cement concrete pavements.
Stiffening of the Cement Paste Monitored Using Vibrating Fork Technique
Authors: Chen Chun Tao , Shen Der Hsien , Lin Chang Wei
Published: August 2013

This study explored the stiffening behavior of the cement pastes using a new vibration folk technique. The viscosity evolutions of the cement pastes were evaluated using either a rotational viscometer or a tuning fork vibration viscometer. Results showed that the viscosities were increased with hydration time. The viscosity increases of the cement pastes measured by the vibro-viscometer were more stable than those measured by the rotational viscometer. In addition, the subtle changes in the paste viscosities during the very early hydration were well detected by the vibro-viscometer. The new vibration folk technique has been shown a useful tool to characterize the microstructure changes in the early cement pastes.
Impaction of Climate Change on Asphalt Pavements
Authors: Yan Er Hu , Li Fu Pu , Ma Rong , Chen Fei
Published: August 2013

Climate change is one of the most key global topics well-known in international community. Over the past decades years, the change climate and its impact on asphalt pavement in China is very obvious. Many expressways of asphalt pavement come forth severe rutting failure during only a few days of extensive, long-lasting, extreme heat wave in summer, which resulting in the change of asphalt cement specification and the selection practice of asphalt cement. So it is necessary to review climate change and its impact in the past, and forecast the probable situation in the future. The paper focuses specifically on the issue of asphalt binder selection under changing climatic conditions.
Evaluating Structural Response of Flexible Pavement Based on Field Instrumentation
Authors: Md Rashadul Islam , Ahmed Mesbah U. , Rafiqul A. Tarefder
Published: August 2013

This study evaluates the structural responses for an eighteen-wheel vehicle in a flexible pavement with numerical analysis. The predicted stress and strains are compared with the field measured values. As a first step, a Finite Element Model (FEM) of the instrumented section is developed in commercial finite element software, ABAQUS. Stiffness of each layer is obtained by Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) test and backcalculated by ELMOD. The stress and the strain responses at some predefined locations are determined. Secondly, a total of 40 sensors are installed on Interstate 40 (I-40) at mile post 141 in New Mexico, to measure the stress-strain, loading configurations and environmental variations in the pavement. The outputs of the FEM are compared with the field measured values. Results show that the field responses closely match with the developed FEM model and thus, verify the numerical analysis.
A Review of PMS Treatment Selection Techniques with Comparative Analysis with QTMR Technique
Authors: Cancian Glen , Pullan Wayne , Chai Gary
Published: August 2013

Treatment selection techniques used in Pavement Management Systems often rely on predefined priorities outlined by state road agency which are subject to priority and engineering judgement. These techniques can be implemented over multi-period planning horizons however doesnt necessarily provide the best possible works program. This paper presents an overview of Pavement Management Systems, then describes and analyses the four main categories of treatment selection techniques employed within these systems. An overview of the Pavement Management System implemented by the Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads and in particular its process of treatment selection is outlined. In addition a comparative analysis is then undertaken with each of these treatment selection categories.
A Study on Incorporating the Tabular CUSUM and Shewhart Control Chart to Monitor Road Surface Quality
Authors: Chang An Pi , Lin Jyh Dong , Chou Chien Cheng , Hsu Chen Yu
Published: August 2013

In this article, the Tabular CUSUM (Cumulative Sum) Charts statistic method is employed to analyze the strength quality control of ready-mixed concrete for rigid pavement, for which the CUSUM is also used to analyze and monitor the micro changes of process mean for the strength of the ready-mixed concrete. The result of analytical study supports that the CUSUM statistical analysis skill is more sensitive than the Shewhart Control Chart in terms of designed mixing ratio parameter, water-cement ratio, and admixtures analyzed under the same concrete strength. When micro changes are presented in continuous mean strength value of the ready-mixed concrete, it can detect the continual changes of the concrete quality in a more accurate way. By combining the CUSUM statistical analysis and Shewhart Control Chart, higher accuracy of the quality control analysis could even be achieved in order the enhance quality control performance when pouring the ready-mix concrete on rigid pavement.
Analyses of Asphalt Pavement Distresses Using Formal Concept Analysis (FCA)
Authors: Chang Jia Ruey , Hsu Hui Mi , Chao Sao Jeng
Published: August 2013

The literature has identified several possible causes of asphalt pavement distresses. Loadrelated distresses are apparent where the pavement has been overstressed by traffic loads applied to its surface. Climate/durabilityrelated distresses arise due to exposure to the environment. Otherrelated distresses are caused by actions not related to load or climate such as fuel spills or construction deficiencies. In this paper, information about fourteen asphalt pavement distresses frequently occurred on Taiwans pavements was surveyed, structured and explored using formal concept analysis (FCA) method. FCA is an important mathematical tool for conceptual data analysis and knowledge acquisition. By using FCA, the concept lattice of the formal context of asphalt pavement distresses was created and studied. Based on the concept lattice and association rules derived from FCA, the causes of asphalt pavement distresses were understood. The findings are consistent with the literature and actual conditions. This study provides alternative solutions to understand the causes of asphalt pavement distresses. This study also clearly shows that FCA is a useful method for further exploring and extending information on pavement distresses.
Apply De Novo Programming in Pavement Maintenance Strategy Optimization
Authors: Hung Ching Tsung , Lin Jyh Dong , Liu Pei
Published: August 2013

With the highway network of Taiwan is intact gradually, the management of highway engineering is improving technology level to management level. Reducing the influence with pavement deteriorating, improving the pavement age and achieving the need of pavement service quality, it is a pavement agencys object. Present maintenance work depend on subjective experience judgment of civil engineer, but the kind of method is lack systemic planning. In view of this, Pavement Management system use multi-objectives goal programming to solving priority with the pavement maintenance works. But the multi-objectives programming method is considering multiple-objective, so it cans satisfied the ideal point. The De Novo Method is a new method to approach the ideal point. We try to using this method to solving Taiwan Freeways maintenance work programming.
Modeling the Relationships of Factors Affecting Dissemination of Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) in China
Authors: Huang Yao Xuan , Liao Pin Chao , Tsai Chung Han , Gui Shu Qiang
Published: August 2013

Ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems have been employed in the Chinese building sector and many policies and legislations have been issued by the government for its dissemination because of its great potential for energy saving. However, the relationships among the factors affecting dissemination of such technologies have been little studied and therefore, supporting measures may have limited impact on their dissemination. This research employed Evolutionary Game Theory (EGT) to model the associations among the factors affecting dissemination of Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) systems in China, laying out a theoretical foundation for policy makers and future research.
Study on the Application of a Verification System Implementation Mode in Asphalt Concrete Batching Plants
Authors: Chan Yin Wen , Hsu Min Huang , Chang Chun Hung , Tu Je Wei
Published: August 2013

Asphalt concrete is the main body of the surface layer of the road construction, which directly affects the service level of the road surface. During the construction process, how quality control (QC) operation is performed for products of the asphalt concrete batching plant (ACBP) is one of the key factors that will directly affect whether the road construction is successful. How to stimulate the asphalt concrete industry to strengthen its efforts on QC, investment in R&D, upgrading its manpower, machinery, raw material quality and assist the construction authority in playing a watchdog on the quality of the ACBP have become an imminent and critical issue. The theme of this study is to bring QC of the ACBP in the verification system and describe how to establish the quality appraisal standard and the verification system for the ACBP and the real benefits from implementation of the product verification, properly monitoring the quality of asphalt concrete from the origin.
Environmental Assessment of the Water Exchange Ability of Shuidong Bay, China Based on Numerical Simulations
Authors: Xie Ming Xiao , Yao Shan Shan , Liu Yu Qian
Published: August 2013

Based on numerical simulations on the hydrodynamics and dissolved tracer transport, the water exchange ability of the Shuidong Bay, China was simulated, and the regulation effects of different scenarios are evaluated. Through analysis, at present the water exchange ability of the Shuidong Bay is poor with monthly exchange rate only 65%. If the bay was dredged to bottom elevation-3.0m, the monthly exchange rate could be greatly enhanced to 88%. If a new western tidal inlet was constructed, its contribution to the exchange rate is not significant, and the monthly exchange rate is 67%. After comprehensive comparisons, the scenario of proper dredging the Shuidong Bay is suggested.
The Evaluation of Green University Based on Analysis Hierarchy Process
Authors: Liu Yu Kun , Feng Xiao Ping , Chen Ying Ling
Published: August 2013

This paper gives the model of assessment index system to evaluate the process of green university based on Analysis Hierarchy Process. Based on sustainable development strategy, and according to the principles and the theoretical foundation of evaluation index system, the assessment index system was constructed from running a school with green ideas, constructing green culture, encouraging green scientific research, implementing green education, and building green campus. The weight vectors of the indexes were determined by Analysis Hierarchy Process. The model is beneficial to the evaluation and establishment of green university.
A Risk Model by Fitting Function for the Wastewater of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry
Authors: Chen Xue Long , Wang Xiao Long
Published: August 2013

a risk model to assess the environmental risk of wastewater from the traditional Chinese medicine manufacturers was set to cope with the increasing pollution. The Klebsiella planticola was selected as the indicator because of the sensitive reaction of its mass growth, the highest correlationship(r=0.989) with significance (P=0.001＜0.01) along with the change of the wastewater’s concentrations and the perfect coefficient of fitting function (R2=1). The dose-effective relationship among microbial indicator and pollutants, which was analyzed and verified, was adopted to generate a fitting function. The fitting function equation was y=-0.945x4+0.971x3+0.314x2-0.114x +0.301; Thus, different risk levels were divided: No risk (0.2973≤OD600≤0.3010), Low risk (0.3010＜OD600＜0.4325, 0.1505＜OD600＜0.2973), Medium risk (0.4325≤OD600＜0.5640, 0.1505≤OD600＜0), High risk (0.5640≤OD600, OD600≤0.000). The sensitivity and precision of the risk assessment model could be guaranteed by the characteristics of the microbial indicator
Case Analysis of Environmental Risk Assessment for Petrochemical Industry
Authors: Zheng Li Na , Zhang Lin , Zhang Lei , Liu Heng Ming
Published: August 2013

In this paper, to explore the risk identification, the source term analysis, the consequences calculations, risk assessment, risk management of petrochemical project, a case analysis was conducted, which is a petrochemical company planned 900,000 tons / year of gasoline refining unit construction project. The results showed that the project spill will not spread to the outside environment, the explosion will cause part of the plant severelydamaged, but the accident risk value is lower, the maximum credible accident on the environment could be caused by the less risk. Risk level of the maximum credible accident is acceptable.
Comprehensive Assessment of Soil Environmental Quality for Vegetable-Growing Land Based on Bayesian Method
Authors: Li Fan Xiu
Published: August 2013

Comprehensive assessment of soil environmental quality for vegetable-growing land is a complex, fuzzy, random and uncertain system. In order to comprehensively evaluate the polluted degree of soil environmental quality, Bayesian method was applied in this paper. Such an assessment of soil environmental quality on main different vegetable farms of Fuzhou in Fujian province is successfully tried as a case study. The basic data for this assessment soil are collected from 6 monitoring regions. The results showed that the suggested Bayesian method would be a good alternative one for the assessment of soil environmental quality in the future.
Geographical Spillover and Environmental Efficiency
Authors: Shen Neng
Published: August 2013

Taking environmental efficiency as the exclusive indicator for the relationship between environmental performance and industrial development, the author calculated the environmental efficiency of China under different pollutant disposability assumptions, while also considering environmental pollution. In addition, the author uses partial econometric model to interprets the spatial characteristics of environmental efficiency and extracts the main factors that influence the environmental efficiency. The analysis results show that: when impact of undesirable outputs (pollutant emissions) is considered, the average environmental efficiency of Chinas industries declines markedly. Environmental efficiency has the obvious effect of the spatial external effect, and when the government makes energy saving strategies, inter-regional energy cooperation and the proliferation of advanced production technology should be given more priority.
Air Quality Characteristics and the Meteorological Conditions for the Few Air Polluted Examples during the Spring Festivals
Authors: Gai Chang Song , Han Yu , Min Fan Hua
Published: August 2013

Analysis on the variation characteristics of the air quality in Chongqing during the spring festivals from 2001 to 2013, and the weather-affecting system of the typical sample. The result shows that: Prior to and after the ban-lifting for the firecrackers setting in 2006, significant differences had shown in the API Index from the lunar New Years Eve to Jan.1. After an analysis on the large-scale circulation background during the spring festival of 2006 and 2008 with the meteorological observation data.The result shows that the air pollution during the spring festival is co-resulted from the pollution source of firecrackers setting and the meteorological system that is unsuitable for the pollutant diffusion.
Chongqing Air Quality Characteristics and Relationship with Meteorological Elements
Authors: Han Yu , Liu De , Gai Chang Song , Min Fan Hua
Published: August 2013

Analyze the air pollution index (API) variation characteristics in Chongqing, and the relationship between API and meteorological elements. Found that air quality of Chongqing is basically at level II. Primary pollutant is inhalable particle (PM10). Summer is the season with best air quality, while winter is the most polluted season. Visibility, precipitation, sunshine and other meteorological elements have a great effect on the variation of air quality. The correlation between air pollution index and visibility is the most significant, which is-0.37. However, inter-monthly variation of monthly total rainfall, monthly total sunshine duration and API shows obvious reverse phase variation.
A Novel Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on Polydopamine-Nanoplatinum Composites Modified Electrode
Authors: Zhang Ying , Su Cai Na , Ren Wang
Published: August 2013

We reported a facile one-step electrochemical method to synthesize compositesof polydopamine (PDA) and Pt nanoparticles (PtNs) at the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electrochemical behavior of the obtained platform towards electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose in alkaline solution was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The response current of the resultant sensor is linear to glucose concentration in the range of 0.1- 30.0 mM with a low detection limit of 1.0 μM (S/N=3). The proposed sensor with excellent sensitivity and selectivity also allows for detection of glucose in human serum samples.
Levels and Characteristics of Carbonyl Compounds Indoor Malls and their Relationship with Ozone
Authors: Xie Chun Juan , Li Jian , Xie Ping , Yan Liu Shui
Published: August 2013

Ambient levels of carbonyl compounds and their possible sources were investigated in four types of eight shopping malls both in winter and summer in urban district of Nanchang, China. Eighteen out of the twenty target carbonyls were detected in summer samplers while only fifteen carbonyls were detected in winter samplers. Isovaleraldehyde and 2,5-Dimethylbenzaldehyde were close to or under the detection limit in any of the samples, whereas acrolein, o-Tolualdehyde and m-Tolualdehyde were present in only a few summer samples. For the most abundant carbonyls, relative good correlations were found between the concentration of formaldehyde and ozone (R=0.75, p<0.01), acetaldehyde and ozone (R=0.59, p<0.01) in summer (R=0.56, p<0.01), while lower correlation in winter especially for acetaldehyde R=0.46 and acetone R=0.36 p<0.01). This simply means formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the malls had a significant formation via ozone chemistry in the summer but was poorly correlated with the ozone in winter.
Optimal Harvesting Strategy of Inshore-Offshore Species
Authors: He Zai Le , Zhao Xiang Qing , Li Jing Jing
Published: August 2013

In this paper, we study the optimal harvesting strategy of inshore-offshore species. Firstly, to keep sustainable harvest of inshore-offshore species resources, the stability of the system is discussed by Lyapunov method. Then, the optimal harvesting strategy is obtained by simple mathematical analysis.
Inhibitory Effect of Hydrilla Verticillata on Planktonic Algae in Eutrophic Water
Authors: Gao Hong Jie , Song Yong Hui , Peng Jian Feng , Chen Xiao Min , Wang Mei
Published: August 2013

The experiment adopted the method of cultivating Hydrilla verticillata and algae in coexistence systems to study the inhibitory effect of Hydrilla verticillata on planktonic algae in eutrophic water. The results showed that allelopathic and competition of nutrition inhibitory effect were both affect the inhibition of Hydrilla verticillata on planktonic algae at initial concentration of 105 cells·mL-1, and the highest inhibition ratio on was 79% at undernutrition condition; opposite, allelopathic inhibitory effect played a major role at nutritional sufficiency, the highest inhibition ratio was 39%. Hydrilla verticillata played a role of “promoting with low biomass while inhibiting with high biomass” on planktonic algae, the optimal biological dosage of Hydrilla verticillata on inhibiting planktonic algae at initial concentration of 105 cells·mL-1 was 12g·L-1. Hydrilla verticillata allproduced inhibitory effect on planktonic algae at different initial concentrations, and the greater the initial concentration of planktonic algae, the higher the inhibition ratio of Hydrilla verticillata on planktonic algae.
Aircraft Measurements of Atmospheric Aerosol over North China in Autumn
Authors: Shi Li Xin , Dong Xiao Bo , Lu Feng , Hu Xiang Feng
Published: August 2013

Using an aircraft equipped with Passive Cavity Aerosol Spectrum Probe (PCASP-100X) and streamwise thermal gradient cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) counter, six flight measurements of atmospheric aerosol and CCN were conducted over North China in autumn. Five flight observations over Shijiazhuang urban area show that there is great difference of aerosol microphysical character between clear day and haze day. Vertical distributions show that aerosols mainly concentrated on the levels from near surface to the low level of troposphere and the concentration generally decreased with height increasing. The max aerosol concentration was 8110 cm-3on haze day and 1614 cm-3on clear day. There was more than 4 times difference in concentration of aerosol in boundary layer between haze day and clear day. CCN has the similar vertical distributions as aerosol. Most CCN concentrated on the boundary layer suggesting that the main source of CCN is from surface. Observation over Bohai Bay shows that the marine aerosol and CCN were greatly influenced by anthropogenic emissions.
Cytochrome P450 Content in Gut of Earthworm (Eisenia fetida) for Monitoring Pahs Contaminated Soil
Authors: Zhang Wei , Song Yu Fang , Liu Ming Da , Qi Yu Shan
Published: August 2013

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are known to be pollutants in soil, however there are no effective methods available for determining their ecotoxic effects. We investigated Cytochrome P450 (P450) in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) as a potential biomarker of PAH pollutants in soil. Three types of PAHs were tested which included phenanthrene (Phe), fluoranthene (Fla) and pyrene (Py). Earthworm gut was selected to measure the total P450 content in cellular microsomes. Dose-response relationships between total P450 content in earthworm gut and PAH concentration (60, 120, 240, 480 and 960μg kg-1soil (dry weight)) were determined for different exposure durations (1, 3, 7 and 14 days). Results showed that the content of P450 in earthworm changed with exposure to each of PAHs. Biphasic effects were identified in response to each of PAHs tested, in which total P450 content increased due to short, low concentration doses, and decreased due to longer, high concentration doses. Alterations to total P450 content in the presence of PAHs, show that it is a promising biomarker for identifying ecotoxic pollutants at sublethal dose ranges in soil. Further research to identify the specific activity of P450 isoenzymes could further develop and also complement this tool.
Research of Geological Environment Remediation and Reconstruction of Coal Mining Area in Western of Shijiazhuang City, China
Authors: Gao Tai Zhong , He Fu Gang
Published: August 2013

Improper exploitation of mine would lead to a series of geological disasters, such as surface subsidence, collapse, landslide, debris flow, water pollution, earthquake and etc., the results would endanger the safety of life and property, and caused serious economic losses to the state. As a case of Jiazhuang coal mining area of western of Shijiazhuang City based on the ecological problems, on the basis of PSR model, mine geological environment remediation basis, principles and objectives have been set. We puts forward a series of concrete measures of functional areas of governance for remediating of destruction problem of geological environment in western of Shijiazhuang coal mining area, taking comprehensive protection measures, soil formation, shelterbelt, slope shrub, wastewater, waste liquid emission in the mine production process must fit for standard of country. planting vegetation and the scarps leaved by mining reclamation or fill soil in the mine tailings, taking restoration of the original landform governance when constructed buildings and roads destroy the landform in field area.
Selection of Tolerant Plants of Cu and Ni and the Enrichment Mechanism
Authors: Liu Min Chao , Zhang Bo , Zhou Wu
Published: August 2013

The experiment was conducted to select Pteris cretica ecergemiensis with fast growing and high enrichment of heavy metals among twenty plants and to evaluate its rule in accumulating Cu and Ni and the biological and biochemical functions using the solution culture method. The results showed that: (1) The Pteris cretica ecergemiensis had a good growth, and a high ability to accumulate the Cu and Ni with the interction effects of Cu and Ni. (2) With the increase of Cu and Ni concentration, the activities of SOD and CAT increased at first and then reduced, and the proline content increased. In conclusion, the Pteris cretica ecergemiensis is one of potential species for the great remediation of heavy metal pollution.
Comparative Laboratory-Scale Study of Resorcinol and Nitrogen Removal in Different Treatment Wetlands
Authors: Wu Shu Biao , Lv Tao , Kuschk Peter , Chen Li , Dong Ren Jie
Published: August 2013

The current knowledge on the treatment of resorcinol-and nitrogen-containing wastewater in different treatment wetlands is limited. This study investigated three laboratory-scale treatment wetlands, namely, floating wetland, planted wetland and unplanted wetland, treating artificial wastewater containing resorcinol and ammonium. Under the inflow resorcinol concentration of 10 mg/L, these wetlands exhibited a removal efficiency of approximately 94% on average, with a specific area removal rate of 260 mg/(m2·d), regardless of wetland type and the presence of plants. These results suggest that treatment of resorcinol-containing wastewater by wetlands is a low-cost and ecological alternative. Compared with the dynamics of ammonium in the unplanted wetland, the high ammonium removal rate (>95%) observed for the planted and floating wetlands strongly indicated that the plants stimulated ammonium oxidation processes mainly by releasing oxygen from the roots. Acidification at pH 3, which can be attributed to an active nitrification process and the secretion of hydrogen ions by the plant roots, was observed in the floating wetland. The low pH buffer capacity could be caused by the low content of dissolved inorganic carbonates, and the use of substrate may act as a barrier to prevent rapid diffusion of carbon dioxide from the pore water to the atmosphere. The significant nitrate accumulation rate of 20 mg/L noted in the floating wetland indicated a limited denitrification process due to the high redox condition (600 mV). A better oxygenated condition for the floating wetland is beneficial to oxidation removal of organic compounds and ammonium, but it may not be good for such reduction processes as denitrification.
Characteristics of Activated Carbon Modified with Nitric Acid and its Performance in Catalytic Ozonation of Acid Red 3R
Authors: Zhang Jing , Liu Jian Song , Liu Chun , Yang Jing Liang , Zhang Lei
Published: August 2013

The structure and surface chemical properties of activated carbon after nitric acid modification and their influences on adsorption and catalytic ozonation of acid red 3R were investigated. The results showed that both specific surface area and micropore volume of activated carbon decreased, but mesopore volume increased after nitric acid modification. The adsorption capacity and catalytic ozonation performance of modified activated carbon were influenced due to the increased surface acidic functional groups. The adsorption capacity of modified activated carbon was enhanced under acidic condition due to dispersion interaction between increased surface acidic functional groups and acid red 3R. The increase in surface acidic functional groups of activated carbon was also considered to be responsible for improvement of the catalytic ozonation of acid red 3R under alkaline condition, because of their participation in the ozone decomposition and OH generation.
Characteristics of Phosphorus Sorption-Desorption Kinetics by the Colloidal Dispersion Complex in Black Soil
Authors: Wang Shu Hua , Wang Ji Hong , Du Lian Sheng
Published: August 2013

The black soil was taken as the research object, and the phosphorus sorption-desorption kinetics characteristics of different components of colloidal dispersion complex in black soil were studied. Results showed that the maximum phosphorus adsorption amount by different components of the colloidal dispersion complex decreased in the order of G0< G1G0>G2. The Elovich equation was the optimal model to describe phosphorus adsorption by different components of colloidal dispersion complex, which fitted better than the Two-constant equation.
Ecological Restoration Programs for SO2 Emission from an Operation High-Sulfur Gas Field
Authors: Zhang Ai Ping
Published: August 2013

A high-sulfur gas field is at trial operation, and its H2S content is up to 14%~18%. If the high-sulfur gas field was operated properly and improperly, effects of SO2 emission on regional ecological environment were analyzed. Based on the investigation of ecological environment status, the sulfur-absorption capacity of regional ecosystem was estimated, and then the ecological restoration programs were put forward, including the vegetation restoration program, the spoil ground restoration program, the ecological landscape reconstruction program and soil protection measures. This may offer experience for development and management of other similar gas fields.
Atrazine Degradation in the Ultraviolet (UV) Irradiation/Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) Treatment
Authors: Pan Jing
Published: August 2013

The degradation of atrazine in UV/H2O2advanced oxidation process was studied. The combined UV/H2O2process could effectively degraded atrazine, which is attributed to the strong oxidation strength of hydroxyl radical produced. Results show that atrazine degradation rate was affected by H2O2concentration and initial atrazine concentration. The degradation rate constant (k) increased with H2O2concentration from 20 to 80 mg/L and decreased when H2O2concentration exceeded 120 mg/L. The degradation rate of atrazine decreased with increasing atrazine concentration. NO3-¡¢Cl-¡¢HCO3-have inhibitory action on atrazine degradation. The higher inorganic anions concentration was, the stronger inhibitory action would be. When their concentrations were 0.5¡¢5 and 20 mmol/L, respectively, their inhibitory action order is HCO3-> NO3->Cl-all the time.