bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Historias que teje la pandemia: proyectos artísticos creativos en tiempos de crisis
Authors: Borrero Hermida María Cristina
Published: January 2021

El potencial de la educación artística para el desarrollo cognitivo del niño es un tema que reviste el mayor interés para el arte y la educación, no obstante, su implementación en el aula en la educación pública colombiana ha sido escasamente documentada. En las tres últimas décadas se creó y consolidó el proyecto pedagógico de una institución educativa técnica en bellas artes cuya misión es la humanización del niño a través de la música, el teatro, la danza y las artes plásticas, los cuales también actúan como dispositivos que dinamizan la vida escolar. La relación entre arte y cognición ha sido explorada allí recientemente, a través de una investigación acción colaborativa de doctorado cuyo propósito fue generar e implementar estrategias pedagógicas artísticas para el pensamiento crítico y creativo. Los resultados sugieren la importancia de la flexibilidad de la educación artística para articularse con otras disciplinas y saberes, al tiempo que permite emanar de ella estrategias que fortalecen la construcción de significados, la transferencia crítica y la comprensión del entorno. El contexto de la emergencia sanitaria por el Covid 19 recientemente ha puesto a prueba la capacidad de reflexión y transformación profesional del equipo interdisciplinario de maestros, quienes optaron por alcanzar los objetivos académicos a través de la articulación en una práctica colaborativa institucional donde el arte sirve al aprendizaje, y animan a los estudiantes a la creatividad a través de la educación en casa con la mediación de incipientes herramientas TIC.
O manual de Comenius para a educação maternal da infância
Authors: Kulesza Wojciech Andrzej
Published: January 2021

Como pastor da comunidade dos Irmãos Morávios no exílio, Comenius aplicou-se necessariamente ao cuidado de crianças, ocasião em que observou a importância de uma preparação adequada das pessoas envolvidas nessa tarefa. Resolveu então escrever um manual, posteriormente denominado por ele A Escola da Infância (1633), dedicado aos pais e cuidadores de crianças de zero a seis anos de idade. Neste artigo, após situar o contexto no qual essa obra foi produzida, é feita uma descrição do manual comentando os trechos que consideramos mais significativos, seja devido à sua atualidade, seja devido à sua importância para a compreensão da proposta pedagógica comeniana em geral. Argumentamos que a leitura do manual vis-à-vis com outras obras de Comenius enriquece sobremaneira nossa compreensão do desenvolvimento de seu pensamento acerca do fenômeno educativo, ainda mais tendo em conta que a edição definitiva do seu manual é contemporânea de sua produção pedagógica mais importante. Temas apenas sugeridos no manual são extensamente tratados em obras posteriores, questões superficialmente apontadas são aprofundadas e princípios essenciais da formulação teórica de Comenius acerca da educação são expostos com clareza meridiana no manual. Finalmente, à luz da influência do pensamento de Comenius na história da educação moderna, é feita uma discussão com base na iconografia em torno das representações, referenciadas na historiografia comeniana, da relação pedagógica educador / educando.
La formación ciudadana y el modelo de educación por competencias en la política educativa en Colombia 2004-2017
Authors: Vargas Rojas Stephany Mercedes
Published: January 2021

Pese a que el concepto de educación basada en competencias se ha constituido en el modelo de aprendizaje oficial de la política educativa en Colombia, sus implicaciones en la formación de ciudadanía han sido poco exploradas. Por esta razón,este artículo tiene como propósito ofrecer una comprensión que, desde la filosofía política, permita problematizar la manera en que se ha definido la ciudadanía en el Programa Competencias Ciudadanas (2004-2017). La investigación es cualitativa con enfoque descriptivo y exploratorio. Se realizó una exhaustiva recolección de información primaria y secundaria entre el 2011 y el 2017, cuyo principal recurso fueron los documentos institucionales y las memorias de los foros nacionales y talleres regionales realizados por el Ministerio de Educación Nacional en el Caribe, la región Cafetera y la región Centro. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a los gestores del programa a nivel nacional y miembros de la comunidad educativa en el Valle del Cauca. Se encontraron debilidades del enfoque de capacitación implícito en el modelo de educación por competencias, consistentes en su naturaleza estándar, de corte operativo y distante de entender la ciudadanía como una construcción social. Este artículo ofrece una lectura diferente sobre el modelo deaprendizaje basado en competencias, en un contexto donde este es adoptado sin mayor reflexión en los sistemas educativos latinoamericanos y del Caribe, y en cuya formulación se omite la incorporación de enfoques diferenciales, las perspectivas de género e interculturales.
La sensibilidad ética y el conocimiento didáctico del contenido de los profesores de ciencias experimentales
Authors: Cambra Badii Irene , Lorenzo Maria Gabriela
Published: January 2021

Los constantes avances en ciencia y tecnología plantean una necesidad permanente de revisión y formación de profesores en servicio. Dentro de estas actualizaciones se debe prestar especial atención no solo a las innovaciones pedagógicas en términos de contenidos y herramientas, sino también a la sensibilidad ética —es decir, la evaluación moral de las acciones y cómo estas afectan a uno mismo y a otros. A fin de contribuir con este enfoque, se presentan los resultados de una investigación realizada desde un marco interdisciplinar que combina los modelos del Conocimiento Didáctico del Contenido (CDC), los aportes de la naturaleza de la ciencia y la interrogación sobre aspectos éticos de la enseñanza. Así, se implementó una secuencia didáctica con un grupo de profesores de ciencias argentinos en un curso de formación de posgrado empleando un recurso audiovisual para el análisis de una clase de matemáticas; las respuestas a un cuestionario se evaluaron empleando el análisis de contenido y la aplicación del test de sensibilidad ética (REST). Los resultados mostraron la capacidad de los docentes para reconocer y reflexionar sobre aspectos pedagógicos de las prácticas educativas, mientras las cuestiones éticas permanecieron en un nivel más superficial. En ese sentido, la menor importancia brindada a las cuestiones éticas alerta sobre la necesidad de la incorporación del conocimiento ético como un nuevo componente del cdc y, por ende, la formación explícita del cuerpo docente en dichos aspectos.
Propuestas pedagógicas al aire libre en escuelas rurales multigrado en la Región de Coquimbo, Chile
Authors: Jaime Muñoz Eduardo Antonio
Published: January 2021

Se presenta un artículo de educación científica escolar, relacionado con una propuesta pedagógica innovadoras al aire libre en la escuela rural multigrado de Colliguay, ubicada en la comuna de Monte Patria, provincia del Limari, Región de Coquimbo, Chile. El objetivo es visibilizar y poner en valor una propuesta educativa relacionada con la enseñanza de las ciencias y el cuidado del medio ambiente. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas dirigidas a estudiantes, apoderados y docentes de la escuela; para visualizar la ubicación del establecimiento educacional, se elaboró un mapa geográfico del lugar y se tomaron fotografías del paisaje que rodea la escuela. Finalmente se dieron a conocer los resultados, que consistieron en la identificación de las partes de una planta, el reconocimiento de plantas nativas e introducidas, la identificación de los elementos bióticos y abióticos encontrados alrededor de la planta y las entrevistas realizadas a los estudiantes, profesores y apoderados. Como producto de este trabajo, los docentes de las escuelas rurales podrán contar con una propuesta educativa al aire libre; la idea es desarrollar en los estudiantes habilidades científicas que se relacionen con el trabajo en terreno y actitudes vinculadas con la protección del medio ambiente.
Library Prep for CUT&RUN with NEBNext® Ultra™ II DNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina® (E7645) v2
Authors: Liu Nan
Published: January 2021

Choose your protocol: For Henikoff lab protocol, please see: Why? The difference between NEB stem loop adaptors and illumina adaptors are their lengths. When ligated to both ends of DNA, they add 64bp and 124bp respectively. This makes huge difference when you do beads based cleaning up. What is this protocol? This protocol is based on library preparation manual of “NEBNext® Ultra™ II DNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina”, NEB E7645, and is specifically modified to make libraries from small DNA fragments (25-150bp). We have successfully applied this protocol to make libraries for CUT&RUN experiments and showed that it greatly increased the preservation of small fragments (Liu, Cell 2018. Fig. S2B [pdf])
Imaginarios, violencia y sexismo entre cibernautas de tres sitios de noticias de Facebook en México
Authors: Sepúlveda Legorreta Norma Patricia , Flores Treviño María Eugenia
Published: January 2021

Los espacios virtuales, dadas las características de la interacción que en ellos se desarrolla, ofrecen una relativa libertad o una sensación de permisividad con respecto a las normas de conducta establecidas en el nivel socio-cultural entre las personas. Dicha permisividad se puede observar en la violencia lingüística presente en las redes sociales. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar el empleo de ciertas estrategias descorteses que reproducen o promueven el discurso agresivo y la violencia verbal sexista en tres sitios de noticias con páginas en Facebook: Animal Político, Aristegui Noticias y Sin Embargo MX. Para ello se analizan 150 opiniones extraídas de noticias y que fueron motivadas por las expresiones de dos funcionarias públicas de la política mexicana hacia mujeres indígenas. Se desarrolla una aproximación sociopragmática y semiótico-discursiva para mostrar las actividades de imagen y las estrategias y recursos de que se valen los enunciatarios para ejercer el sexismo en esas plataformas. Las tendencias reflejan mayormente actos de descortesía: directa, indirecta y por refractariedad y el predominio de amenazas a la imagen de las funcionarias y las mujeres indígenas.
Un modelo de definiciones terminográficas para un glosario de documentos litúrgicos virreinales de México
Authors: Molina Salinas Claudio , Ruiz Caballero Antonio
Published: January 2021

Considerando que se describen muchos tipos de definiciones en la literatura tocante a la terminografía, incluso comunes a la lexicografía, y que, potencialmente, cualquiera de estos modelos podría usarse para la construcción de definiciones de conceptos del área de la música litúrgica, en el presente trabajo de investigación se pretende ahondar sobre cuáles son los tipos más frecuentes y cuáles son sus posibles combinaciones; esto, para ofrecer un modelo útil a redactores que colaboren en proyectos académicos en los que se defina léxico, en principio, afines al área de la música litúrgica. Luego de formalizar un marco conceptual adecuado para este artículo y la problemática abordada en él, se plantean los pasos seguidos en un estudio de caso en el que se evalúan y clasifican las definiciones hechas por algunos especialistas. Tomando en cuenta esta base de análisis, se concreta una propuesta que, dentro del área de la música litúrgica, funciona como un modelo definitorio efectivo. Por último, se explica cómo se puso a prueba el modelo y cómo se valoró la efectividad de este, y se ilustran las adecuaciones para su posible implementación.
Chest MRI of a pregnant woman with COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Vasilev Yuriy A. , Bazhin Alexander V. , Masri Amir G. , Vasileva Yulia N. , Panina Olga Yu. , Sinitsyn Valentin E.
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a clinical case of a 39-year-old pregnant woman with respiratory signs of the novel coronavirus Covid-19 infection. Chest MRI showed bilateral lesions in basal segments. The PCR test was positive. A lung condition was assessed without loss of significant diagnostic information. Besides that, the absence of exposure to ionizing radiation allowed to avoid a high loading dose on the patient and the fetus. This case reveals potential opportunities of MRI in the diagnosis of pulmonary pathology without exposure to ionizing radiation, especially in patient risk groups (children, pregnant women, etc.).
DEFINIÇÃO ESTRATIGRÁFICA DA FORMAÇÃO MISSÃO VELHA, BACIA DO ARARIPE
Authors: Barreto Junior Aerson Moreira , Fambrini Gelson Luís , Da Silva Filho Wellington Ferreira , Silvestre Diego Da Cunha , Neumann Virginio Henrique
Published: January 2021

A Formação Missão Velha corresponde aos depósitos fluviais do intervalo Neojurássico-Eocretáceo na Bacia do Araripe, depositada no contexto da Depressão Afro-Brasileira no Início de Rifte do Gondwana Ocidental. A Formação Missão Velha destaca-se com relação às demais unidades da Bacia do Araripe, sobretudo, pela ocorrência de uma assembleia fossilífera de troncos silicificados de coníferas. Embora os depósitos da Formação Missão Velha e das outras unidades do Andar Dom João nas demais bacias interiores do Nordeste de modo geral não apresentem feições diagnósticas de tectonismo e magmatismo ativo, uma série de investigações na última década desafiaram a obviedade em busca do entendimento das condições do início do rifte através de novos métodos comparativos e interpretativos. Tendo em vista estes recentes avanços e observando a necessidade de uma revisão da unidade à luz desses novos dados, a fim de facilitar a comunicação entre os autores, o presente trabalho determina de forma objetiva através da análise da evolução de conhecimentos e delimitação, condições tectonoestratigráficas, a caracterização geológica e paleontológica da Formação Missão Velha. Concluiu-se que a unidade apresenta uma discordância interna e que suas sequências inferior e superior apresentam distinção de sentido de paleocorrentes que mudam de prioritariamente S-SE para NW; associação de fácies que mudam de depósitos fluviais com planícies de inundação intercaladas para depósitos de fundo de canal de alta energia com presença de troncos silicificados. Por sua vez, a atribuição dos troncos ao táxon Dadoxylon-Araucarioxylon deve ser desencorajada pois estão em desacordo com o Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Botânica.
A study to assess the impact of left atrial size reduction in outcome of the patients undergoing mitral valve surgery for mitral valve disease with left atrial enlargement in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: K. H. Raghavendra , A. Chandra
Published: January 2021

Background: Rheumatic mitral valve disease (mitral stenosis or regurgitation) remains the common heart disease in developing countries. Mitral valve is involved in 99% of cases. The prognostic implication of LA (left atrium) size has also been shown in high-risk subgroups, such as patients with acute myocardial infarction, atrial arrhythmia, LV dysfunction, or dilated cardiomyopathy, and patients undergoing valve replacement for aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitations. Objective of the study was to study the impact of left atrial size reduction in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery for mitral valve disease with left atrial enlargement on clinical outcome and echocardiographic parameters.Methods: A prospective study was done at department of cardiovascular and thoracic surgery, Sri Venkateshwara institute of medical sciences, Tirupati from June 2012 and June 2013.The study population consisted of patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease with or without tricuspid valve disease with left atrial size enlargement who underwent mitral valve surgery alone and mitral valve surgery with left atrial reduction. Twenty consecutive subjects were taken in each group during the study period. Results: The age range is 21 to 61 years. There means age is 39.7±10.3 years. in the study group. Following MVR significant improvement in the NYHA (New York Heart Association) functional class was noted in all the patients. The decrease in RVSP, LA size, and TR was noted in all the patients.Conclusions: It seems reasonable to suggest that patients who undergo LA reduction along with MVR have significant improvement in clinical outcome and NYHA functional class with less thromboembolic complications during long term follow up.
CRITICAL THINKING IN ACTIVITIES OF AN INVESTIGATOR (COURT)
Authors:   Donetsk National University, Merkulov S. N. , Panko N. A. ,   Donbass Law Academy,   I.T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University
Published: January 2021

The paper considers the concept of critical thinking of investigators, judges, and other subjects of criminal proceedings. Its application is determined by the realities of current investigative and judicial practice. The authors note the shortcomings of the mechanism for collecting and processing evidentiary information in the investigation (judicial examination) of criminal cases. The study shows the prospects of applying critical thinking to understanding the situation of the investigation (consideration) of a case. The paper presents the advantages of a situational approach to the examination of a criminal event under the influence of negative factors. Such factors are defined as those that lead to the destruction, distortion, or falsification of evidence. The situational approach guarantees the completeness and comprehensiveness of processing the obtained evidentiary information. From the informational point of view, the authors specify the static and dynamic structures of critical thinking of subjects of criminal proceedings. The paper defines the thinking of an investigator and the court as the process of transferring the circumstances of an event under investigation (consideration) into the system of elements of the subject of evidence. Critical thinking aims at resolving contradictions between the sources of evidence. The complex nature of thinking defines criticality. This allows the subject of criminal proceedings to make proper decisions in the face of negative factors. The reliability criterion becomes an indicator of the quality of critical thinking. This criterion is included in the system of the concept of critical thinking formulated in the paper. The structure of critical thinking includes the methodology of scientific research, scientific worldview, ways of forming internal beliefs, and algorithms for making heuristic decisions. The authors outline the ways of critical thinking formation among investigators and judges, and other subjects of criminal proceedings. The study shows that it is based on the system of professional knowledge of subjects of criminal proceedings, is confirmed by the development of practical techniques for analyzing carriers of forensic information. The correct application of the evaluation method to establish the reliability of evidence is called an indicator of mastering such thinking.
PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPERTISE IN COURT DURING INVESTIGATION OF CRIMINAL LEADERSHIP
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Kondratyuk S. V.
Published: January 2021

The paper considers the possibilities of psychological expertise in court when proving the fact of guilty of a person holding the highest position within the crime hierarchy. The study understands the criminal hierarchy as a definite social crime unit controlled by authoritarianism principles. A crime unit boss obtains a leading position as a result of natural selection according to the psychological parameters of a person. The structure of a crime lord personality includes the specific appearance and behavior attributes. The author generalized personal traits of a crime lord of various tendencies and identified that the common personality trait of criminal units’ leaders is the love for power. The study showed that to achieve personal life attitude, the leader proves the status by the attributes of appearance and behavior. The acquisition of a leading position is associated with carrying out the initiation ceremony. The attitude of a person to the ritual of award of the highest status within the criminal hierarchy as well as to the attributes of a crime lord is considered as a fact to be determined in the process of investigation of such crimes. The paper specifies the parameters of a psychological model of a crime leader, proves the applicability of the court psychological expertise of emotional states and individual psychological constitution to identify the personal attitude of a suspect to various attributes of the highest status within the criminal hierarchy. The author defines general and particular objects of psychological expertise in court on the cases over the acquisition of a leading position within the criminal hierarchy. They can be a suspect personality, as well as the episodes of his/her behavior in the underworld and within the experiment conditions recorded using technical facilities. The study showed the rationale of the forensic examination of a group of people being members of one criminal unit. The author proposes the definition of issues placed for the resolution of the court psychological expertise of the crime leadership. The subject matter of the issues put before an expert is the identification of the importance of various crime leadership attributes for an examinee.
Magyar kutatók külföldön: a női és férfi karrierutak főbb jellemzői
Authors: Fényes Hajnalka , Paksi Veronika , Tardos Katalin , Markos Valéria , Szigeti Fruzsina
Published: January 2021

Transnational mobility has not only become an integral part of the successful, internatonally driven career path of academics, but is emerging to a great extent as a major performance requirement. Similarly to academic careers in general, international mobility of researchers is also a gendered process to a great extent. This paper aims to assess the most important characteristics of Hungarian researchers working abroad with special attention put on the similarities and differences identified in the career path of female and male researchers. With an online self-administered questionnaire distributed through a snowball sampling methodologyamong Hungarian PhD-holders working abroad for more than one year, we investigated the motivation for international mobility, the career path, work contracts, work-life balance, future career plans and the perception of the value of the PhD degree. Our key findings indicate that male researchers’s labour market position is more advantageous abroad than female researchers’ and overall they are more convinved of the positive value of their PhD degree, while female academics were statisfied, but at a more moderate level.
Start-up stúdió: üzleti modell innováció(Az INNONIC Zrt. példája)
Authors: Farkas Éva , Makó Csaba , Illéssy Miklós , Heidrich Balázs
Published: January 2021

Public discourse mostly uses the term start-up as a simplified collective category to describe companies founded to sell technological innovations. At the same time, in addition to bringing a new or novel idea to market, most business functions (marketing, sales, product/service development, HR etc.) are performed in an innovative and proactive way. In spite of the uncertainty of the market and limited resources, one of the key characteristics of such organisations is the high potential of the rapid economic development. In order to be able to take the advantage of the business opportunity, a supportive socio-economic and institutional environment is essential to obtain intensive growth and sustainability. In our case study, we are aiming to illustrate the importance of so-called start-up studios in catalysing innovation by the example of a company operating in international markets in the Debrecen region. Illustrating our findings by an analogy, we examine how the studio as a “mother ship” uses organizationalmanagement methods, cultural patterns, and through what mechanisms it contributes to the success of start-ups.
„Társadalmunkban a sikert a nyilvánosság iktatja törvénybe”, avagy a vidéki színésznő siker- és karriermodellje
Authors: Baluja Petra
Published: January 2021

This study aims to answer the question of how actors and actresses define their own success and carreer. What does succes mean to an artist in rural theater? The study primaly discusses some contemporary analyses of sucess, amongst them I am using Deaton-Kahnemann’s and Barabási’s theories. I am also presenting the metodology of my research and later I show ruraltheatre’s organization based on Bourdieu’s theory. Finally I describe the definition of success and career of the actors and actresses embedded in an organizational context which helps to understand their tipical habits.
San José en la Sagrada Escritura y en la espiritualidad
Authors: Mancuello González Wilma , Medina Cristaldo Carlos Alberto
Published: January 2021

El artículo estudia, desde la exégesis bíblica y la espiritualidad cristiana católica, la figura de san José. Busca releer algunos rasgos de su persona y sugerir respuestas a los interrogantes acerca del trato que el Señor Dios le dispensa y su modo de responder a la llamada divina. La espiritualidad cristiana ha subrayado, siempre, su silencio como expresión de su profunda obediencia a los planes de Dios y le ha adjudicado muchos epitetos: padre putativo de Jesús, custodio y esposo de María, patrono de los obreros, patrono de las vocaciones, etc. Nuestra investigación, basada en textos evangélicos y veterotestamentarios analizados conforme a la naturaleza de los textos con herramientas propias de los métodos sincrónicos, propone comprender el trato dispensado por Dios a José y su modo de corresponderle a causa de su profunda amistad con Él al estilo de Abraham y de los profetas bíblicos: Oseas, Jeremías y Ezequiel. Lo presenta, también, a modo de relectura actualizante, como un hombre contemplativo de los misterios del Reino, el maestro de Jesús y diligente protector de los indefensos de la historia. Y en esta línea, el estudio encuentra en la espiritualidad un enlace lejano, cargado de fuerza renovadora, en la relación de amistad que tuvo con san José, la primera doctora de la iglesia católica, denominada “maestra de oración”: Teresa de Jesús. Ella, a su vez, invita a los cristianos escoger a San José como maestro de oración, aficionársele para aprender a tratar de amistad con quien sabemos nos ama.
Espiritualidad, identidad y memoria histórica: un acercamiento desde el caso franciscano y jesuita
Authors: Alcántara Bojorge Dante
Published: January 2021

Este artículo trata la correspondencia entre la espiritualidad de la Orden de Hermanos Menores y la Compañía de Jesús, en su relación con la construcción de la memoria histórica. Frente a la ausencia de trabajos centrados en este tema, se revisa la problemática en torno al vínculo entre espiritualidad y memoria histórica, para caracterizarlas en sus vertientes franciscana y jesuítica, subrayando semejanzas y diferencias. A través de escritos de sus fundadores, Francisco de Asís e Ignacio de Loyola, así como de casos puntuales tomados de cronistas novohispanos, se plantea el problema del influjo de la espiritualidad en las representaciones internas de ambas corporaciones religiosas, según ha sido comunicada en sus relatos históricos. Se entiende a la memoria histórica como una construcción de carácter intelectual, que implicó una elaboración consciente, destacando en el marco teórico-conceptual la idea propuesta por Pierre Nora, según la cual el concepto de “memoria” ubica al pasado dentro del presente dándole vida, a través de una fuerte carga afectiva, sustentada en identidades. Asimismo, se concibe a la espiritualidad como una actitud básica, práctica o existencial, que en el mundo de la cultura cristiana es consecuencia y expresión de una visión cristológica de la vida humana. Se concluye que el legado espiritual de los fundadores, través de algunas de sus obras escritas, y su hagiografía posterior, forman parte de los elementos que concurren en la configuración de una identidad corporativa propia y en un modo específico de proceder, notorio en la historiografía de cada una de las órdenes religiosas.
Espiritualidad y estilos de vida
Authors: Bueno Castellanos Mauricio , De Souza Martins Marlucio , Posada-Bernal Sandra
Published: January 2021

Las expresiones religiosas y espirituales humanas se pueden relacionar con los estilos de vida de las personas y, en el caso de la educación universitaria, representa un escenario de desarrollo integral de los estudiantes. En este caso, los estudiantes de Teología y miembros de comunidades religiosas realizan procesos de formación que vinculan el cultivo de la espiritualidad cristiana al reconocer y valorar la dimensión no solo corporal, sino también la conciencia espiritual. Este estudio tiene como objetivo caracterizar la espiritualidad y los estilos de vida de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Teología de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana – Bogotá. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación, se realizó un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo de corte transversal, con una muestra de 34 estudiantes. Se utilizó un cuestionario autoadministrado en Escala Likert, con 30 preguntas, para caracterizar la espiritualidad y los estilos de vida de dichos estudiantes. Los resultados evidencian índices negativos para las categorías: factores nutricionales, actividad física y conducta preventiva. Así mismo, muestran índices positivos para las categorías: prácticas religiosas, prácticas de servicio, orden de valores, relaciones sociales y control del estrés. Se concluye que la espiritualidad tiene una fuerte asociación con los estilos de vida saludables de aquellos que la practican. Se recomienda que, dentro del proceso de formación de los estudiantes de Teología, se incluyan estrategias que promuevan el desarrollo de estilos de vida saludables y que profundicen, disciplinariamente, en las implicaciones que tiene la espiritualidad cristiana y el cuidado de la propia salud.
La veracidad-sinceridad según Leonardo Polo
Authors: Sellés Juan Fernando
Published: January 2021

En este trabajo se estudia la virtud de la veracidad-sinceridad según el pensamiento de Leonardo Polo. En primer lugar, se describe su índole y sus tipos –lingüística y laboral–. En segundo lugar, se revisan los vicios contrarios a ella –error, mentira, silencio injustifi-cado y doblez–. En tercer lugar, se indican algunas ventajas de su adquisición –alegría, audacia, incremento del bien común y enamoramiento de la verdad–. Se propone a estu-dio este tema porque la mentira, bajo sus diversas formas, es un grave problema en nues-tra sociedad, la cual, además de ser expansiva es disolvente del lenguaje y de la socie-dad. Los objetivos principales de este trabajo consisten en revisar todos los textos perti-nentes de L. Polo –uno de los pensadores más prominentes de nuestros días– sobre la virtud de la veracidad, su vicio opuesto, la mentira, y las consecuencias inherentes a di-cha virtud. El marco conceptual de este trabajo es del ámbito de la ética, la cual es se-gunda respecto de la antropología trascendental o de la intimidad, ya que si se acepta la distinción real tomista entre actus essendi-essentia, la ética es manifestación del acto de ser personal humano en la esencia del hombre, susceptible de perfeccionarla o envilecer-la. La metodología empleada es teórica, porque según la sentencia aristotélica ‘la teoría es la forma más alta de vida’; por tanto, para alcanzar la intimidad humana el único método válido es que el propio existente se ponga enteramente en juego y advierta cual es la raíz de la veracidad, bien de sus manifestaciones virtuosas, bien de las viciosas. La conclusión principal a la que se llega es que la raíz de la falta de veracidad, la mentira, es la despersonalización o pérdida progresiva del acto de ser personal humano, merma que provoca en la esencia del hombre la progresiva deshumanización. Dicho esto, se ve claramente que las implicaciones que esto comporta, de cara a nuestra sociedad, son su sujeción a un permanente estado de crisis.
CHILDREN LANGUAGE ACQUISITION PROCESS
Authors: Safitri Loli
Published: January 2021

This research discusses a case study of children in acquiring their first language at age 18 months old in Bukittinggi. The process deals with some stages namely cooing, babbling, holophrastic, the two-word stage, telegraphic stage, and multiword stage. The purpose of this study is focused on how the children learn the language in the real life. To find out the answer of the problem in this research, the researcher uses the related theories, they are Lyons (1981), Varshney (2003), Chomsky (2009), Bolinger (2002), Gleason (1998), Steinberg (2003), Fromkin (1983), Bolinger (2002) and Steinberg (2003). This research is conducted with descriptive qualitative research where the subject and object is taken from the children at age 18 months old in Bukittinggi. The researcher takes the observed baby named Azka as the subject and gets the data by observation and video recording. After the data had been collected, the researcher finds out that Azka was 18 months old baby who was in holophrastic functions: the one-word utterances stage of language development. Finally, parents’ role is important to develop the children language. The parents should build interaction with their child to know their child’s language development. Besides that, the researcher suggests the parents to say the right pronunciation to the children.
Positive Connection of Extensive Reading and Writing Fluency in EFL Learning
Authors: Fitriansyah Nor , Miftah M. Zaini
Published: January 2021

Extensive reading and writing fluency in language learning get connected to each other. The benefits include gains in reading and writing competence and skills. However, how far they get connected in EFL learning has not been discussed so far. This study examined the connection of extensive reading and writing fluency of the thirty-two students of the English Education Department at a university in Palangka Raya Kalimantan Tengah Indonesia. The correlational design was applied in this study. The online Extensive Reading Test (ERT) developed by Extensive Reading Foundation was used to get the students' extensive reading scores. To gain the students' writing fluency scores, a Writing Fluency Test (WFT) was applied. For the data analysis, it used Pearson product-moment correlation. Results show that there is a moderate positive correlation between the students' extensive reading and writing fluency. It is indicated with rxy = 0.408 > rtable = 0.340 at 5%. In short, the extensive reading activities have a positive connection to the writing fluency of the students in language learning. Therefore, extensive reading activities should always be integrated with writing activities in the context of Indonesian EFL learning.
Low Speed Rear End Automobile Collisions and Whiplash Injury, the Biomechanical Approach
Authors: Tencer Allan F.
Published: January 2021

The extent of injury in low speed rear end collisions is controversial. In many cases, the impact speed of the striking vehicle is low, neither car shows much if any post collision damage, and at the scene, the occupant of the struck vehicle appears uninjured. Yet many of these incidents progress to lawsuits with sometimes very significant damage and injury claims. In testimony, Plaintiff argues that the collision was significant while Defendant describes the collision as minor. A Biomechanical approach which addresses the forces in the collision and the resulting forces and kinematics of the occupant can help to resolve some of these issues. In the following, the process of a biomechanical analysis is described, using a specific example. A discussion of how courts have viewed this type of testimony is then presented.
Parental Reproductive Liberty for Choosing the Sex of Their Offspring: an Analysis of the Positions in Muslim Law and Christianity
Authors: Sikandar Shah Haneef Sayed , Abbas Abdul Razak Mohd
Published: January 2021

Technological developments in the domain of fertility treatment in spite of thier utilitarian uses come with a plethora of ethico-religious challenges for people of faith particularly if they contradict some of their core religious values and beliefs about human procreation. The most disruptive among such challenges is declaring parental choice of a specific gender to their future offspring as part of their reproductive liberty (right). As to how major semitic religions, such as Christionaity and Islam respond to it, the answer is polemical. Christianity genrally objects to it mainly because it turns procreation into a manufacturing business instead of leaving the sex of a baby to God. The Islamic position, on the other hand, is less rigid as the majority of Sunni Muslim legists, without much reflections on its ethical dilemmas, approve it not only for medical reason but also family balancing while dissenting views among them consider it a direct affront on what God has declard to be His domain of perfection of human procreation. This paper, therefore, argues that defining parents` decision on sexing a “right” or “liberty” is difficult to maintain unless a far-fetched perspective of scriptural texts is adopted.
Systems Methodology for Strategic Decision-making in Complex Healthcare System
Authors: Jere Jakulin Tadeja
Published: January 2021

Systems methodology as a support for strategic decision-making will be discussed in the paper. A society will be presented as a complex system, which is comprised of many smaller, complex systems as its component parts. The healthcare system is one of them. The support to the strategic decision-making in a healthcare system will be shown through systems thinking and systems modelling. We will develop models of a healthcare system in frame of a systems dynamics; a qualitative causal loop diagram (CLD), which helps us to discuss the challenges categorically and a quantitative model, which is a simulation model. Both models illustrate the discussed methodology.
Patients’ genetic data protection in Polish law and EU law – selected issues
Authors: Michałowska Kinga , Magoń Karol
Published: January 2021

The article entitled “Patients’ genetic data protection in Polish law and EU law – selected issues” presents issues related to the protection of patients' rights and focuses on the legal basis for genetic testing and genetic data protection. Based on a comparison of regulations of international law and regulations on genetic tests introduced in foreign legal systems, the text analyzes the assumptions for the draft of the Polish act on genetic tests performed for health purposes. It presents the patient's consent to testing, the scope of information provided to the patient, the right to disclose research results to related persons and the protection of genetic data. In reference to the regulations set out in other acts, it was noted that they do not guarantee the protection of information obtained as a result of research. Due to the particular nature of genetic data, they require increased protection, which can be guaranteed through implementation of the Act on Genetic Research. In the final part, authors presented the most important achievements of the judicature of European Court of Human Rights in the field of genetic data protection.
Criminal Law Dilemmas in Withholding and Withdrawal of Intensive Care
Authors: Korošec Damjan
Published: January 2021

Regarding the question under which conditions a physician in Slovenia is allowed to omit life-prolonging medical treatment of dying patients, the main legal source is the Patient Rights Act, adopted in Slovenia in 2008 (parallel to Criminal Code of Slovenia). Under this law, there are two possible circumstances in deciding about life-prolonging medical treatment regarding dying patients: a) on the basis of the so-called patient’s testament in the sense of Art. 34 of the Patient Rights Act; and b) without any known patient's testament in the sense of Art. 34 of the Patient Rights Act. Such decisions can also be contrary to a decisive wish of relatives of the dying patient to prolong the patient’s life under all circumstances. If this decision is reached with full respect of the Patient Rights Act as well as the rules of medical science, omitting life prolonging medical treatment cannot be unlawful in the sense of medical criminal law.
The Legal Nature of Doctor Patient Relationship in Turkish Medical Law
Authors: Unver Yener
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the relationship between the physician and the patient through different branches of Turkish Law. The author explains the legal theory of physician (as self-employed as well as employed in hospital) – patient relationship in the limits of legislation and court practices, and gives special emphasis on contemporary open questions in Turkish Law. Special intentions is given also to criminal law, duty to inform, liability and consent. The author presents contemporary constitutional and supreme court decision relating to the Casarean, plastic surgery, burden of proof, compensations…
Translational and Personalized Medicine
Authors: Pavelić Krešimir , Martinović Tamara , Pavelić Sandra Kraljević
Published: January 2021

The idea behind personalized medicine is to tailor health care to an individual’s unique genetic makeup. Hitherto, “one size fits all” approach was used in medicine. With the rise of personal medicine, we are moving towards a more precise, predictable and powerful medicine that is customized for each individual patient. To allow for an improvement in the acceleration and efficacy of drug development, high-throughput methods (“omics”) are rapidly being developed. This leads to understanding of multiple factors that are involved in disease progress on an individual level. In order to analyze the great amount of data that is collected from such experiments, one has to turn to systems biology, an interdisciplinary science that studies complex interactions within a biological system. Finally, translational medicine comes into play, by “translating” the information gathered from research into diagnostic tools, medicines and policies, with the final goal of improving individuals’ health. Personalized medicine is one of the future, and it will revolutionize the current practice of diagnosis-based medicine, once fully developed.
Medicine Between Ethics and Scientific Progress: How Much Ethics Needs Medicine, how much ethics can it afford? Some Considerations from Patent Law Perspectives
Authors: Straus Joseph
Published: January 2021

The progress of medicine is heavily dependent on the progress of science and technology, which in turn depend on costly and risky investment in research and development. In this contribution, based on some concrete examples, new scientific achievements are presented as basis of modern medicine and source of ethical concerns. Addressed are also the role of scientists in coping with safety in ethical concerns as regards hazards of new technologies, costs of R&D investment in drug development and the role of patents in this context. In some detail the legal situation existing at an international and European level as regards exclusions from patentability based on reasons of ethics and morals is presented. A critical appraisal of the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union as regards patentability of embryonic stem cells is offered.
Insurance of No-fault Responsibility in Medicine
Authors: Džidić Miroslav , Maleta Nikolina
Published: January 2021

Professional liability insurance in medicine based on the no-fault principle is not a novel legal concept, but it has gained popularity in recent years. The reason for this is because the classic professional liability system that exists in most European countries is obsolete. The basic shortcomings of the traditional insurance model are the overwhelming amount of litigation before the courts and the associated costs that are associated with it. At a time when modern medicine emphasizes the importance of patient education and awareness, which includes also informing patients of both their legal rights and obligations in connection with the medical treatment process, it is very difficult to retain the traditional insurance model where the physician's liability is premised solely on the physician's fault. Medicine is a humane profession and as such requires the greatest possible protection for health care users as well as for those who perform this extremely important activity for the society. This paper emphasizes the advantages of the no-fault liability insurance model and compares it with other insurance models in the field of medicine. The authors make suggestions for possible reforms to the classic medical professional liability insurance model in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Zavarovanje poklicne odgovornosti v medicini, ki temelji na nekrivdnem načelu, ni nov pravni koncept, a je v zadnjih letih pridobil na priljubljenosti. Razlog za to je, ker je klasični sistem poklicne odgovornosti, ki obstaja v večini evropskih držav, zastarel. Osnovne pomanjkljivosti tradicionalnega zavarovalnega modela so velika količina sodnih sporov pred sodišči in z njimi povezani stroški. V času, ko sodobna medicina poudarja pomen izobraževanja in ozaveščenosti pacientov, kar vključuje tudi obveščanje pacientov o njihovih pravicah in obveznostih v zvezi s postopkom zdravljenja, je zelo težko ohraniti tradicionalni model zavarovanja, kjer je odgovornost zdravnika vezana zgolj na krivdo zdravnika. Medicina je humani poklic in kot taka zahteva največjo možno zaščito za uporabnike zdravstvenega varstva in za tiste, ki opravljajo to izjemno pomembno dejavnost za družbo. Ta članek poudarja prednosti modela zavarovanja nekrivdne odgovornosti in ga primerja z drugimi zavarovalnimi modeli na področju medicine. Avtorja podajata predloge za morebitne reforme modela klasičnega zdravstvenega zavarovanja poklicne odgovornosti v Bosni in Hercegovini.
The Implementation and Evaluation of the United States Affordable Care Act
Authors: Schultz David
Published: January 2021

In 2010 the United States Congress adopted the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (“ACA”), more commonly referred to as Obamacare. The ACA was proposed by President Barack Obama while running for president and it was passed with a near straight party-line vote of Democrats in the US House and Senate in 2010. The ACA was meant to address several problems with the American health care delivery system, including cost, access and outcomes. This article describes the major features of the ACA including the context of the US health care system, evaluates the ACA’s implementation history and assesses its fate and future reforms throughout the presidency of Donald Trump. The overall conclusion based on its implementation is that while the ACA made significant reforms in terms of access to health care, it is not clear that it addressed affordability or began to improve health care outcomes in the US.