bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case of Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease due to Transient Synovitis of the Hip
Authors: Ohtsuru Tadahiko , Murata Yasuaki , Morita Yuji , Munakata Yutaro , Kato Yoshiharu
Published: July 2016

Transient synovitis (TS) of the hip develops spontaneously in childhood; it usually has a good prognosis and is a self-limiting disease. However, its pathology is not well known. We describe a case of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) that seemingly developed due to TS. Even if TS is diagnosed on the basis of the patient’s medical history and imaging findings, physicians should consider the possibility of LCPD and perform a careful observation if joint effusion continues and/or a symptom does not improve within 4 weeks.
A Study of Aβ Oligomers in the Temporal Cortex and Cerebellum of Patients with Neuropathologically Confirmed Alzheimer's Disease Compared to Aged Controls
Authors: Savioz Armand , Giannakopoulos Panteleimon , Herrmann François R. , Klein William L. , Kövari Enikö , Bouras Constantin , Giacobini Ezio
Published: July 2016

Background/Aims: Investigations of Aβ oligomers in neuropathologically confirmed Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still scarce. We report neurohistopathological and biochemical analyses using antibodies against tau and amyloid β (Aβ) pathology. Methods: Thirty elderly AD patients and 43 age-matched controls with or without deposition of amyloid plaques (AP) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In 21 cases with available fresh tissue, Western blots were also performed. Neuropathological analysis included quantitative assessment of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), AP and Aβ oligomer densities in the mesial temporal cortex (TC). Results: NFT, fibrillar amyloid and Aβ oligomeric deposit densities were significantly higher in AD patients than in controls. There was no relationship between oligomeric Aβ densities and Braak NFT staging scores. Furthermore, Aβ oligomer expression was closely correlated with Aβ plaques in the TC. By Western blot, Aβ oligomers were observed in AD patients, in plaque-free controls, in 1 ‘tangle-only AD' case, as well as in the cerebellum. A band near 55 kDa was the only Western blot signal that was significantly increased in the TC of AD patients compared to controls as well as less expressed in the cerebellum. Conclusion: These results suggest that a putative dodecamer, near 55 kDa, may contribute to AD vulnerability of the TC.
A Case Of Bilateral Acquired Localized Lipoatrophy
Authors: Tanrıkulu Osman , Yesilova Yavuz , Aksoy Mustafa
Published: July 2016

Lipoatrophy is characterized by inflammation and tissue loss in fatty tissue. This disease may be congenital or acquired, primary or secondary. Secondary lipoatrophy develops with infections, collagen tissue diseases, tumors and drug injections. In this report, we present the case of a 14-year-old female patient who developed lipoatrophy following intramuscular steroid injection to both buttocks.
Clinician-Reported Barriers to Implementing Breast Cancer Chemoprevention in the UK: A Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Smith Samuel G. , Side Lucy , Meisel Susanne F. , Horne Rob , Cuzick Jack , Wardle Jane
Published: July 2016

Aims: The use of tamoxifen and raloxifene as preventive therapy for women at increased risk of breast cancer was approved by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in 2013. We undertook a qualitative investigation to investigate the factors affecting the implementation of preventive therapy within the UK. Methods: We recruited general practitioners (GPs) (n = 10) and clinicians working in family history or clinical genetics settings (FHCG clinicians) (n = 15) to participate in semi-structured interviews. Data were coded thematically within the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Results: FHCG clinicians focussed on the perceived lack of benefit of preventive therapy and difficulties interpreting the NICE guidelines. FHCG clinicians felt poorly informed about preventive therapy, and this discouraged patient discussions on the topic. GPs were unfamiliar with the concept of preventive therapy, and were not aware that they may be asked to prescribe it for high-risk women. GPs were reluctant to initiate therapy because it is not licensed, but were willing to continue a prescription if it had been started in secondary or tertiary care. Conclusions: Barriers to implementing preventive therapy within routine clinical practice are common and could be addressed by engaging all stakeholders during the development of policy documents.
Recurrent Vascular Access Dysfunction as a Novel Marker of Cardiovascular Outcome and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Kim Hyo Jin , Lee Hajeong , Kim Dong Ki , Oh Kook-Hwan , Kim Yon Su , Ahn Curie , Han Jin Suk , Min Seung-Kee , Min Sang-Il , Kim Hyo-Cheol , Joo Kwon Wook
Published: July 2016

Background: Vascular access (VA) is essential for hemodialysis (HD) patients, and its dysfunction is a major complication. However, little is known about outcomes in patients with recurrent VA dysfunction. We explored the influence of recurrent VA dysfunction on cardiovascular (CV) events, death and VA abandonment. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective study conducted in patients who underwent VA surgery between 2009 and 2014. VA dysfunction was defined as VA stenosis or thrombosis requiring intervention after the first successful cannulation. Patients with ≥2 interventions within 180 days were categorized as having recurrent VA dysfunction. Outcomes were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards model before and after propensity score matching. Results: Of 766 patients (ages 59.6 ± 14.3 years, 59.7% male), 10.1% were in the recurrent VA dysfunction group. Most baseline parameters after matching were similar between the recurrent and non-recurrent groups. A total of 213 propensity score-matched patients were followed for 28.7 ± 15.8 months, during which 46 (21.6%), 30 (14.1%) and 14 (6.6%) patients had de novo CV outcomes, died and abandoned VA, respectively. Recurrent VA dysfunction after adjustment remained an independent risk factor for CV events (adjusted hazards ratio (aHR), 2.71; 95% CI 1.48-4.98; p = 0.001). Moreover, recurrent VA dysfunction predicted composite all-cause mortality (ACM)/CV events (aHR 1.99; 95% CI 1.21-3.28; p = 0.007). Conclusions: Recurrent VA dysfunction was a novel independent risk factor for CV and composite ACM/CV events in HD patients, but not for VA abandonment. Patients with recurrent vascular dysfunction should be carefully monitored not only for VA patency but also for CV events.
Multiple but Complementary, Not Conflictual, Leaderships: The Tunisian Democratic Transition in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Stepan Alfred
Published: July 2016

Many classic studies of leadership focus on strong leadership in the singular. This essay focuses on effective leaderships in the plural. Some of the greatest failures of democratic transitions (Egypt, Syria, Libya) have multiple but highly conflictual leaderships. However, a key lesson in democratization theory is that successful democratic transitions often involve the formation of a powerful coalition, within the opposition, of one-time enemies. This was accomplished in Chile, Spain, and Indonesia. In greater detail, this essay examines Tunisia, the sole reasonably successful democratic transition of the Arab Spring. In all four cases, religious tensions had once figured prominently, yet were safely transcended by the actions of multiple leaders via mutual ideological and religious accommodations, negotiated socioeconomic pacts, and unprecedented political cooperation. A multiplicity of cooperating leaders, rather than a single “strong leader,” produced effective democratic leadership in Tunisia, Indonesia, Spain, and Chile.
Holograms: The Story of a Word and Its Cultural Uses
Authors: Johnston Sean
Published: July 2016

Holograms reached popular consciousness during the 1960s and have since left audiences alternately fascinated, bemused or inspired. Their impact was conditioned by earlier cultural associations and successive reimaginings by wider publics. Attaining peak public visibility during the 1980s, holograms have been found more in our pockets (as identity documents) and in our minds (as video-gaming fantasies and “faux hologram” performers) than in front of our eyes. The most enduring, popular interpretations of the word “hologram” evoke the traditional allure of magic and galvanize hopeful technological dreams. This article explores the mutating cultural uses of the term “hologram” as markers of magic, modernity and optimism.
First record of Bombylisoma Rondani (Diptera: Bombyliidae) from China and an identification key to the Chinese genera of Bombyliinae
Authors: YAO GANG , EVENHUIS NEAL L.
Published: July 2016

Bombylisoma Rondani is a genus of bee flies belonging to the subfamily Bombyliinae (Hull, 1973). It is easily identified by the following characters: Head usually as broad as thorax; hind-margin of eyes indented; wings often small, narrowed at base with at least alula reduced; hind femora often without macrochaetae; body usually more elongate even narrow conical or cylindrical, macrochaetae usually weak often hair-like especially those posterior to the wings; cell r5 open, pulvilli well-developed; male terminalia with gonocoxite without prominent crest; parameral sheath, bearing paired horn-like outgrowths (Greathead & Evenhuis, 2001). Bombylisoma includes two known species from the Oriental Region: B. ghorpadei Kapoor & Agarwal, 1979 and B. resplendens Brunetti, 1909 (Evenhuis & Greathead, 2015). No species has previously been reported from China. Recently, one specimen of Bombylisoma collected from Yunnan was found in the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum. In the present paper this species, B. resplendens Brunetti, is redescribed and this represents the first record of the genus from China. A key to the genera of the Bombyliinae from China is presented.
1. Introduction
Authors: Graf Heike
Published: July 2016

The introduction provides a common framework for the variety of case studies in this volume, which are situated at the intersection of communication, environment, and media. Each chapter examines how “the environment” finds resonance in different communications, and how those communications are conditioned by different types of media, technology, political environment, and the target group of the communication. Mass media, and particularly the news media’s focus on conflict and danger, creates a contextual rhetoric of fear and anxiety regarding the environment; several case studies in this book demonstrate that these rhetorical strategies are also used by activists, environmentalists, and ideologists.
4. Natural Ecology Meets Media Ecology: Indigenous Climate Change Activists’ Views on Nature and Media
Authors: Roosvall Anna , Tegelberg Matthew
Published: July 2016

This chapter presents an analysis of interviews with activists working to highlight Indigenous perspectives on climate change and the threat climate change poses to many Indigenous communities. The authors begin by distinguishing between Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and Western scientific approaches to climate change. It then presents and discusses media ecology theories. Three aspects of media ecologies are particularly noted: how mainstream and alternative media work separately and relate to each other; how national and local media work separately and relate to each other; and how non-Indigenous and Indigenous media work separately and relate to each other. This theoretical discussion provides a framework for the analysis of interviews conducted with Indigenous activists. The chapter includes extensive quotes from the open-ended interviews. Interviewees describe the limitations of a national news ecology dominated by mainstream media, which rarely makes room for indigenous perspectives or knowledge of climate change. They also comment on the ways in which their own media practices, situated within diverse news ecologies, attempt to create dialogue and generate awareness of these issues. The activists call for further integration of TEK perspectives into the existing news media ecosystem. The authors conclude that these changes are needed to establish a more democratic and effective means of addressing climate change.
5. The Culture of Nature: The Environmental Communication of Gardening Bloggers
Authors: Graf Heike
Published: July 2016

This chapter analyzes approximately fifty Swedish and German gardening blogs to examine “ordinary” people’s media communication about environmental issues. The “difference-theoretical approach” that frames this study is described. The author finds that the communicative reactions of the garden bloggers to ecological concerns cohere around two ideas: domination over or partnership with nature. Blog entries generally concentrate on two main topics: consumption in terms of goods, and production in terms of gardening. These are topics with a high potential of connectivity. The chapter includes numerous quotes from the blogs as well as summarizations of the comments in response to blog posts. The topic of consumption can be addressed from several different perspectives; it is possible to argue for more or even less consumption without being aware of ecological consequences. However, topics concerned with production in home gardens are generally dominated by arguments for sustainable gardening, at least in text-based blogs. The author concludes that blogging is not so much about convincing people with different opinions as it is about coordinating the network of people who share similar interests and opinions.
Tropical Waves and the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in a 7-km Global Climate Simulation
Authors: Holt Laura A. , Alexander M. Joan , Coy Lawrence , Molod Andrea , Putman William , Pawson Steven
Published: July 2016

This study investigates tropical waves and their role in driving a quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO)-like signal in stratospheric winds in a global 7-km-horizontal-resolution atmospheric general circulation model. The Nature Run (NR) is a 2-yr global mesoscale simulation of the Goddard Earth Observing System Model, version 5 (GEOS-5). In the tropics, there is evidence that the NR supports a broad range of convectively generated waves. The NR precipitation spectrum resembles the observed spectrum in many aspects, including the preference for westward-propagating waves. However, even with very high horizontal resolution and a healthy population of resolved waves, the zonal force provided by the resolved waves is still too low in the QBO region and parameterized gravity wave drag is the main driver of the NR QBO-like oscillation (NR-QBO). The authors suggest that causes include coarse vertical resolution and excessive dissipation. Nevertheless, the very-high-resolution NR provides an opportunity to analyze the resolved wave forcing of the NR-QBO. In agreement with previous studies, large-scale Kelvin and small-scale waves contribute to the NR-QBO driving in eastward shear zones and small-scale waves dominate the NR-QBO driving in westward shear zones. Waves with zonal wavelength < 1000 km account for up to half of the small-scale (<3300 km) resolved wave forcing in eastward shear zones and up to 70% of the small-scale resolved wave forcing in westward shear zones of the NR-QBO.
A New Vertical Grid Nesting Capability in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model
Authors: Daniels Megan H. , Lundquist Katherine A. , Mirocha Jeffrey D. , Wiersema David J. , Chow Fotini K.
Published: July 2016

Mesoscale atmospheric models are increasingly used for high-resolution (<3 km) simulations to better resolve smaller-scale flow details. Increased resolution is achieved using mesh refinement via grid nesting, a procedure where multiple computational domains are integrated either concurrently or in series. A constraint in the concurrent nesting framework offered by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model is that mesh refinement is restricted to the horizontal dimensions. This limitation prevents control of the grid aspect ratio, leading to numerical errors due to poor grid quality and preventing grid optimization. Herein, a procedure permitting vertical nesting for one-way concurrent simulation is developed and validated through idealized cases. The benefits of vertical nesting are demonstrated using both mesoscale and large-eddy simulations (LES). Mesoscale simulations of the Terrain-Induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX) show that vertical grid nesting can alleviate numerical errors due to large aspect ratios on coarse grids, while allowing for higher vertical resolution on fine grids. Furthermore, the coarsening of the parent domain does not result in a significant loss of accuracy on the nested domain. LES of neutral boundary layer flow shows that, by permitting optimal grid aspect ratios on both parent and nested domains, use of vertical nesting yields improved agreement with the theoretical logarithmic velocity profile on both domains. Vertical grid nesting in WRF opens the path forward for multiscale simulations, allowing more accurate simulations spanning a wider range of scales than previously possible.
Intravenous immune globulin in hereditary inclusion body myopathy: a pilot study
Authors: Sparks Susan , Rakocevic Goran , Joe Galen , Manoli Irini , Shrader Joseph , Harris-Love Michael , Sonies Barbara , Ciccone Carla , Dorward Heidi , Krasnewich Donna , Huizing Marjan , Dalakas Marinos C , Gahl William A
Published: July 2016

Background

Hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathy (HIBM) is an autosomal recessive, adult onset, non-inflammatory neuromuscular disorder with no effective treatment. The causative gene, GNE, codes for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase, which catalyzes the first two reactions in the synthesis of sialic acid. Reduced sialylation of muscle glycoproteins, such as α-dystroglycan and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), has been reported in HIBM.

Methods

We treated 4 HIBM patients with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG), in order to provide sialic acid, because IgG contains 8 μmol of sialic acid/g. IVIG was infused as a loading dose of 1 g/kg on two consecutive days followed by 3 doses of 400 mg/kg at weekly intervals.

Results

For all four patients, mean quadriceps strength improved from 19.0 kg at baseline to 23.2 kg (+22%) directly after IVIG loading to 25.6 kg (+35%) at the end of the study. Mean shoulder strength improved from 4.1 kg at baseline to 5.9 kg (+44%) directly after IVIG loading to 6.0 kg (+46%) at the end of the study. The composite improvement for 8 other muscle groups was 5% after the initial loading and 19% by the end of the study. Esophageal motility and lingual strength improved in the patients with abnormal barium swallows. Objective measures of functional improvement gave variable results, but the patients experienced improvements in daily activities that they considered clinically significant. Immunohistochemical staining and immunoblotting of muscle biopsies for α-dystroglycan and NCAM did not provide consistent evidence for increased sialylation after IVIG treatment. Side effects were limited to transient headaches and vomiting.

Conclusion

The mild benefits in muscle strength experienced by HIBM patients after IVIG treatment may be related to the provision of sialic acid supplied by IVIG. Other sources of sialic acid are being explored as treatment options for HIBM.
A case report of semitendinosus tendon autograft for reconstruction of the meniscal wall supporting a collagen implant
Authors: Ayala Mejias Juan D , Sciamanna Roselyn C Alvarez , Muniesa Manuel Perez-España , Pérez-España Luis Alcocer
Published: July 2016

Purpose

Describe the evolution of the reconstruction of meniscal rim with semitendinosus tendon in a patient with knee pain after a subtotal meniscectomy and absence of meniscal wall.

Method

32 years old male with a six-month history of the left knee pain after a subtotal meniscectomy. The MRI indicated a small internal meniscal remainder without posterior horn attachment. Taking this absence as a relative contraindication for implant and meniscal transplantation, the reconstruction of a new meniscal wall with semitendinosus tendon autograft was considered. A collagen meniscal implant was attached to the new wall five months later.

Results

After two years the patient referred only non specific discomfort with full pain relief in the medial compartment. The MRI revealed integration of implants without significant degenerative changes compared to previous images.

Conclusions

This staged technique was designed to restore medial meniscus-like biologic tissue in a symptomatic patient following arthroscopic subtotal meniscectomy with a significant loss of the peripheral meniscus rim. Symptomatic improvement was obtained at two years follow-up.
YPEL3 suppresses epithelial–mesenchymal transition and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wen Xin , Ren Xian-Yue , Li Ying-Qin , Tang Xin-Ran , Wang Ya-Qin , He Qing-Mei , Yang Xiao-Jing , Sun Ying , Liu Na , Ma Jun
Published: July 2016

Background

Metastasis remains the major cause of death in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Yippee-like 3 (YPEL3) plays an important role in tumorigenesis. However, its function and mechanism in NPC has not been systematically explored.

Methods

We evaluated YPEL3 expression in NPC cell lines and tissues using real-time PCR and western blotting. Then, we established NPC cell lines that stably overexpressed YPEL3 and knocked down YPEL3 expression to explore its function in NPC in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we investigated the potential mechanism of YPEL3 action by identifying the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway downstream genes using western blotting.

Results

YPEL3 was downregulated in NPC cell lines and tissue samples. Ectopic expression of YPEL3 inhibited NPC cell migration and invasion in vitro; while silencing of YPEL3 promoted NPC cell migration and invasion. Further study indicated that overexpression of YPEL3 inhibited NPC cell epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and that silencing it enhanced EMT. Overexpression of YPEL3 suppressed NPC cell lung metastasis in vivo. The mechanism study determined that YPEL3 suppressed the expression levels of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway downstream genes and the nuclear translocation of β-catenin.

Conclusions

YPEL3 suppresses NPC EMT and metastasis by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which would help better understanding the molecular mechanisms of NPC metastasis and provide novel therapeutic targets for NPC treatment.
Opposing-coils transient electromagnetic method focused near-surface resolution
Authors: Xi Zhenzhu , Long Xia , Huang Long , Zhou Sheng , Song Gang , Hou Haitao , Chen Xingpeng , Wang Liang , Xiao Wei , Qi Qingxing
Published: July 2016

The transient electromagnetic (TEM) method is a commonly used, nonintrusive, geophysical method, but inherent mutual induction between the transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) coils strongly influences the measurements. We have developed an opposing-coils configuration to greatly reduce this effect. Three coils are used in this system. The upper opposing coil is physically the same as the lower TX coil, and they are concentric and parallel to the middle RX coil. A pair of currents with equal amplitudes but reverse directions is injected into the opposing and TX coils. Theoretical calculations in free space show that the received magnetic field by the RX coil is zero, which indicates that the mutual induction effect could be largely reduced. Physical experiments prove that an almost-pure secondary field could be acquired using this system. We have studied an optimal separation between the TX and opposing coils to guarantee that the primary magnetic field is powerful and the instrument is compacted for field work. Then, the efficient exploration depth of this system for typical geoelectric models was simulated to be approximately 15–50 m. Comparisons of simulated responses over highly conductive thick plates in free space and a field test over a culvert structure between this system and EM-47 showed that the system has enhanced sensitivity and lateral resolution. This system can be used in near-surface investigations, e.g., groundwater, environmental, and engineering investigations.
Characterization of Neuropeptide B (NPB), Neuropeptide W (NPW), and Their Receptors in Chickens: Evidence for NPW Being a Novel Inhibitor of Pituitary GH and Prolactin Secretion
Authors: Bu Guixian , Lin Dongliang , Cui Lin , Huang Long , Lv Can , Huang Simiao , Wan Yiping , Fang Chao , Li Juan , Wang Yajun
Published: July 2016

The 2 structurally and functionally related peptides, neuropeptide B (NPB) and neuropeptide W (NPW), together with their receptor(s) (NPBWR1/NPBWR2) constitute the NPB/NPW system, which acts mainly on the central nervous system to regulate many physiological processes in mammals. However, little is known about this NPB/NPW system in nonmammalian vertebrates. In this study, the functionality and expression of this NPB/NPW system and its actions on the pituitary were investigated in chickens. The results showed that: 1) chicken NPB/NPW system comprises an NPB peptide of 28 amino acids (cNPB28), an NPW peptide of 23 or 30 amino acids (cNPW23/cNPW30), and their 2 receptors (cNPBWR1 and cNPBWR2), which are highly homologous to their human counterparts. 2) Using a pGL3-CRE-luciferase reporter system, we demonstrated that cNPBWR2 expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells can be potently activated by cNPW23 (not cNPB28), and its activation inhibits the intracellular cAMP signaling pathway, whereas cNPBWR1 shows no response to peptide treatment, suggesting a crucial role of cNPBWR2 in mediating cNPW/cNPB actions. 3) Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that cNPW and cNPB are widely expressed in chicken tissues, including hypothalamus, whereas cNPBWR1 and cNPBWR2 are mainly expressed in brain or pituitary. 4) In accordance with abundant cNPBWR2 expression in pituitary, cNPW23 could dose dependently inhibit GH and prolactin secretion induced by GHRH and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, respectively, in cultured chick pituitary cells, as monitored by Western blotting. Collectively, our data reveal a functional NPB/NPW system in birds and offer the first proof that NPW can act directly on pituitary to inhibit GH/prolactin secretion in vertebrates.
Impaired Follistatin Secretion in Cirrhosis
Authors: Rinnov Anders Rasmussen , Plomgaard Peter , Pedersen Bente Klarlund , Gluud Lise Lotte
Published: July 2016

Context:

Follistatin is a liver-derived inhibitor of the muscle-growth inhibitor myostatin. Reduction in acute follistatin release may help explain muscle loss in liver cirrhosis.

Objective:

The study aimed to investigate the capacity of acute follistatin release in patients with liver cirrhosis compared to healthy control participants.

Design, Setting, and Participants:

To experimentally increase the glucagon-insulin ratio (mimicking the hormonal effect of exercise), we infused glucagon/somatostatin (to inhibit insulin secretion) and compared the acute follistatin increase in eight male cirrhosis patients with eight healthy control participants. Patients and controls received 1-hour glucagon/somatostatin and saline infusions on 2 separate days.

Main Outcome Measure:

Follistatin was measured during and 5 hours after termination of infusions.

Results:

The peak follistatin change was significantly decreased in patients with liver cirrhosis compared to healthy control participants (1.9 (interquartile range, 1.4–2.5) versus 3.6 (interquartile range, 3.0–4.0), respectively; P = .003). Patients with liver cirrhosis demonstrated significantly decreased amounts of appendicular lean mass compared to healthy controls (27.6 ± 3.8 vs 34.5 ± 2.9%, respectively; P = .001).

Conclusions:

Patients with cirrhosis show impaired capacity to acutely secrete follistatin. The decrease in acute follistatin release may contribute to the loss of muscle mass in liver cirrhosis.
Vitamin D-Dependent Rickets Type 1 Caused by Mutations in CYP27B1 Affecting Protein Interactions With Adrenodoxin
Authors: Zalewski Adam , Ma Nina S. , Legeza Balazs , Renthal Nora , Flück Christa E. , Pandey Amit V.
Published: July 2016

Context:

CYP27B1 converts 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, playing a vital role in calcium homeostasis and bone growth. Vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1 (VDDR-1) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in CYP27B1.

Objective:

The objective of the study was an enzymatic and structural analysis of mutations in a patient with calcipenic rickets.

Design, Setting, Patient, and Intervention:

Two siblings presented with calcipenic rickets and normal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels. CYP27B1 gene analysis showed compound heterozygous mutations confirming VDDR-1. We studied wild-type CYP27B1 and mutations H441Y and R459L by computational homology modeling, molecular dynamics simulations, and functional studies using a luciferase assay. The patients were successfully treated with calcitriol.

Main Outcome:

The main outcomes of the study were novel mutations leading to a severe loss of CYP27B1 activities for metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.

Results:

Mitochondrial cytochrome P450s require adrenodoxin (FDX1) and adrenodoxin reductase. We created models of CYP27B1-FDX1 complex, which revealed negative effects of mutations H441Y and R459L. Upon structural analysis, near-identical folds, protein contact areas, and orientations of heme/iron-sulfur cluster suggested that both mutations may destabilize the CYP27B1-FDX1 complex by negating directional interactions with adrenodoxin. This system is highly sensitive to small local changes modulating the binding/dissociation of adrenodoxin, and electron-transporting efficiency might change with mutations at the surface. Functional assays confirmed this hypothesis and showed severe loss of activity of CYP27B1 by both mutations.

Conclusions:

This is the first report of mutations in CYP27B1 causing VDDR-1 by affecting protein-protein interactions with FDX1 that results in reduced CYP27B1 activities. Detailed characterization of mutations in CYP27B1 is required for understanding the novel molecular mechanisms causing VDDR-1.
Midwives' experience of offering anti-D immunoglobulin to women: The importance of choice
Authors: Harkness Mairi , Freer Yvonne , Warner Pamela
Published: July 2016

Background:

Informed decision-making around anti-D immunoglobulin (Ig) is important but complex, requiring consideration of individual factors to reach the most appropriate choices for individual women.

Aims:

This research aimed to develop understanding of midwives' practices when offering anti-D Ig to RhD-negative women.

Methods:

A descriptive, qualitative study was used. Two focus groups were held with 11 midwife participants from two Scottish maternity units. Data were analysed using thematic analysis within a framework approach.

Findings:

When offering anti-D Ig, midwives were limited in their ability to fully engage with women in a process of individual informed decision-making, due partly to their own knowledge and understanding and partly to organisational culture and support.

Conclusions:

When interventions are recommended and offered routinely, it is challenging to extend the principles of woman-centred individualised care to facilitate meaningful decision-making. More effort is required to understand the difficulties faced by midwives.
Relationship between insect herbivory and environmental variables in forests of northern Iran
Authors: HAJIZADEH GOODARZ , VAND HAMID JALIL , KAVOSI MOHAMMAD REZA , VARANDI HASSAN BARIMANI
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Hajizadeh G, Jalilvand H, Kavosi MR, Varandi HB. 2016. Relationship between insect herbivory and environmental variables in forests of northern Iran. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 155-160. This research aimed to recognize the relationship between the intensity of insect herbivory and environmental variables (stand structure, and physical and chemical properties of soil and litter) in Hyrcanian forests, northern Iran. Three forest types (Pinus brutia, Parrotia persica-Carpinus betulus, and Fagus orientalis), which covered the elevational gradient of the study region, were selected. In each forest type, three random plots (20×20m) at 100m intervals were sampled. The dominant polyphagous species, Ennomos quercinaria (Hufnagel, 1767), belonging to Geometridae family was identified. The forest types experiencing the lowest and highest defoliation intensity were P. brutia (12±2.08) and F. orientalis (57.67±5.36), respectively. The intensity of insect herbivory was significantly correlated with various structural parameters [forest type, elevation, diameter at breast height (DBH), tree density, tree cutting and canopy opening (%)], physical and chemical properties of the soil [clay, pH, and potassium (K)], and litter properties [depth and total nitrogen (N)]. The study illustrates a way to monitor geometrid population dynamics across environmental gradients in terms of their population density, degree of polyphagy and distribution; such results could be useful for developing appropriate management plans for these economically important insects.
Barriers Against Copper Diffusion into Silicon and Drift Through Silicon Dioxide
Authors: Wang Shi-Qing
Published: July 2016

The Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) roadmap calls for the incorporation of Cu plugs (vias) integrated with interconnects in 1997. Copper is being evaluated for ULSI metallization because of its lower bulk electrical resistivity and its superior resistance to electromigration and stress voiding as compared to commonly used aluminum and its alloys. One of the major drawbacks of Cu is its fast diffusion in Si and drift in SiO2-based dielectrics, resulting in the deterioration of devices at low temperatures. Hence a diffusion barrier is necessary between Cu and Si or SiO2. Figure 1 is a cross section of

a three metal level interconnect structure using Cu as the conductive material. The interlevel dielectrics (ILD) could be conventional SiO2-based materials or more ideally, materials with low dielectric constants such as polyimide. If conventional SiO2 is used, then Cu plugs and interconnects have to be enclosed in diffusion/drift barriers so that Cu will not move into Si or SiO2 under thermal stress or biased temperature stress (BTS).

This article reviews the published studies on conductive diffusion barriers between thin Cu films and Si substrates. In addition, the work on diffusion and drift of Cu into commonly used inorganic dielectric systems is also summarized. Finally, some concerns involving diffusion/drift barriers between Cu and Si or SiO2 for sub-0.5 μm feature size with high aspect ratios are discussed.
Adesão ao tratamento pela equipe de um serviço de saúde mental: estudo exploratório
Authors: Malvezzi Cilene Despontin , Gerhardinger Helena Cavaleri , Santos Luís Felipe Pereira , Toledo Vanessa Pellegrino , Garcia Ana Paula Rigon Francischetti
Published: July 2016

Objetivos:  compreender  como  a  equipe  multiprofissional  concebe  a adesão  ao  tratamento  dos  usuários  inseridos  num  Caps  AD.  Metodologia:  pesquisa descritiva-exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com os profissionais de um serviço  de  saúde  mental  por  meio  de  entrevista  semiestruturada  e posterior  análise temática dos dados. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias - a concepção de adesão ao tratamento que destacou o vínculo, o reconhecimento da vontade de tratar por parte da pessoa e a compreensão sobre a abstinência; e como a equipe cuida dos usuários e do serviço,  que  salientou  trabalho  multidisciplinar,  organização  do  processo  de  trabalho, flexibilização  das  agendas,  busca  ativa  dos  faltosos,  projeto  terapêutico  individual  e  a atenção às necessidades assistenciais da pessoa em tratamento. Conclusão: evidenciou-se  a  importância  da  atitude  acolhedora  para  fortalecer  o  vínculo,  permeando  a compreensão  sobre  a  adesão  e  influenciando  o  processo  de  trabalho  da  equipe multiprofissional.
O técnico de enfermagem na sistematização da assistência: investigação fenomenológica
Authors: Candido de Oliveira Salvador Pétala Tuani , Andrade Alves Kisna Yasmin , Filgueira Martins Rodrigues Cláudia Cristiane , Matias Silveira de Assis Yole , Pereira Santos Viviane Euzébia
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: compreender o típico ideal de acadêmicos de Enfermagem acerca  da  participação  do  técnico  na  Sistematização  da  Assistência de  Enfermagem (SAE),  à  luz  do  referencial  teórico  de  Alfred  Schutz.  Método:  trata-se  de  uma investigação  utilizando  o  método  fenomenológico  compreensivo  de  Alfred  Schutz. Resultados:  a  coleta  de  dados  ocorreu  por  grupo  focal,  com  oito  acadêmicas  de enfermagem de uma universidade pública norte-riograndense. Discussão: a análise das falas permitiu desvelar o típico ideal das participantes a partir de dois eixos temáticos  - motivos-para  e  motivos-porque  o  técnico  de  enfermagem  deve  participar  da  SAE. Conclusão:  o  típico  ideal  é  traçado  delineando  a  ação  investigada –  o  técnico  de enfermagem deve participar da SAE – ao lado de seus motivos-para¬ e de seus motivos-porque;  elucidando,  ainda,  o  boneco  típico  do  acadêmico  de  enfermagem  que  acredita na consolidação da SAE por meio de um trabalho em equipe.
Intervenções para prevenção da incontinência urinária durante o pré-natal: revisão integrativa
Authors: Bezerra Karine de Castro , Rocha Suzy Ramos , Oriá Mônica Oliveira Batista , Vasconcelos Camila Teixeira Moreira , Sabóia Dayana Maia , Oliveira Tamires Daianny Araújo de
Published: July 2016

Objetivo:  avaliar  as  evidências  disponíveis  na  literatura  sobre intervenções    para    prevenir    incontinência    urinária    em    gestantes    durante    o acompanhamento  pré-natal.  Método:  revisão  integrativa  da  literatura  (RI).  A  busca  foi realizada  em  outubro  de  2014  nas  bases  de  dados  LILACS,  MEDLINE,  CINAHL  e Cochrane.  Onze  artigos  compuseram  a  amostra  da  RI.  Resultados:  todos  os  artigos foram publicados no idioma inglês; sete deles identificados na base de dados PubMed, e quatro  na  Cochrane.  A  maior  parte  dos  trabalhos  avaliados  utilizaram  intervenções cognitivas  e  comportamentais,  sendo  o  treino  da  musculatura  do  assoalho  pélvico  o principal tratamento para prevenir e tratar a incontinência urinária durante a gestação. Conclusão: os resultados obtidos podem cooperar para o aperfeiçoamento da assistência da mulher no ciclo gravídico-puerperal.
O conhecimento do enfermeiro sobre cateter central de inserção periférica: estudo descritivo
Authors: Souza Renata Rangel Birindiba de , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Dames Louise José Pereira , Medeiros Flávia do Valle Andrade , Paiva Eny Dórea
Published: July 2016

Objetivo:  analisar  o  conhecimento  dos  enfermeiros  da  Unidade  de Terapia  Intensiva  Neonatal  acerca  da  inserção,  manuseio,  manutenção  e  retirada  do cateter   central   de   inserção   periférica.   Método:   estudo   descritivo,   exploratório   e qualitativo, com nove enfermeiros da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal do Hospital Universitário  Antônio  Pedro,  da  Universidade  Federal  Fluminense,  entrevistados  com base em roteiro semiestruturado. Os dados obtidos, submetidos à análise de conteúdo, originaram  categorias  temáticas.  Resultados:  o  conhecimento  do  enfermeiro  quanto  à indicação,  inserção,  manutenção  e  retirada  do  cateter,  as  normas  e  protocolos  e  a capacitação  profissional  para  o  processo  de  cuidado  são  decisivos  para a  segurança  da assistência  ao  recém-nascido.  Conclusão:  a  utilização  do  PICC  é  importante  na Neonatologia  por  seus  benefícios  para  o  neonato.  Todavia,  os  enfermeiros  precisam aprofundar seus conhecimentos para que o processo assistencial na UTIN seja pautado pela  ética  e fundamentado  em  protocolos  de  enfermagem  visando embasar  e legitimar essa assistência.
Ansiedade em pacientes com neoplasias malignas no pós-operatório mediato: estudo correlacional
Authors: Firmeza Mariana Alves , Moraes Kelyne Benevides Rios França Myra de , Oliveira Patrícia Peres , Rodrigues Andrea Bezerra , Rocha Lívia Coelho da , Grangeiro Alex Sandro de Moura
Published: July 2016

Objetivo:   investigar   a   ansiedade   em   pacientes   oncológicos hospitalizados  no  pós-operatório  mediato,  por  meio  do  Inventário  de  Ansiedade  Traço-Estado, e verificar a correlação entre a ansiedade e as neoplasias malignas de cabeça e pescoço,   de   estômago   e   colorretal.   Método:   estudo   descritivo,   quantitativo   e correlacional,  realizado  em  um  hospital  localizado  no  estado  do  Ceará.  Utilizou-se  a análise  de  variância,  teste  ANOVA-F,  para  avaliar  a  existência  de  diferença  nas pontuações das escalas. Resultados: participaram 80 pacientes com média de idade de 50,9  anos,  a  maioria  formada  por  homens  (53,8%)  com  câncer de  cabeça  e  pescoço (40,0%). O nível do estado e do traço de ansiedade foi moderado, e a ansiedade-estado foi  ligeiramente  superior  à  ansiedade-traço  nos  três  grupos  avaliados.  Os  participantes com   neoplasia   maligna   em   cabeça   e   pescoço   apresentaram   pontuações   médias superiores  da  ansiedade-estado  e  da  ansiedade-traço.  Conclusão:  não  houve  diferença estatisticamente  significativa  entre  a  ansiedade  e  os  três  grupos  cirúrgicos  oncológicos avaliados
Developing Local Sustainable Seafood Markets: A Thai Example
Authors: Kehoe Courtney , Marschke Melissa , Uttamamunee Wichitta , Kittitornkool Jawanit , Vandergeest Peter
Published: July 2016

Increasingawareness of degradation in ocean ecologies and fisheries has made seafood a leading edge in the green marketing movement, with most major buyers in the global North committing to buying seafood that has been certified as sustainable. But what about the significant and growing Asian markets, where seafood has become a healthy and prestigious food choice among wealthier consumers? Is it possible to develop a market for sustainably produced seafood among Asian consumers motivated by civil and ecological concerns? To address these questions our research traces how a Thai Fisherfolk Shop, located 4 hours to the south of Bangkok, has worked to develop an alternative market for seafood caught by local, small‐scale fishers. Although we find that there is a mismatch between the volume of aquatic species that fishers catch, the ability of the Shop to process, store, and sell seafood, and consumer demand, our analysis suggests that it is possible to create a market for small‐scale, sustainably sourced seafood in Thailand.
Toward a Restricted Tolerance of Street Vending of Food in Hanoi Districts: The Role of Stakeholder Dialogue
Authors: Loc Nguyen Thi Tan , Moustier Paule
Published: July 2016

In Vietnam, fruit and vegetable marketing is characterized by a diversity of distribution chains, including formal markets, street vendors, shops, and supermarkets. The government is promoting the expansion of supermarket distribution and plans to eliminate all informal trade on the grounds of modernization. The article investigates how the activities of street vendors can be successfully integrated in the city, using a stakeholder dialogue approach. Researchers appraised the role of street vendors in food distribution and employment and documented a successful street vending model. Stakeholder meetings were held to discuss the integration of street vending in Dong Da District. A key result is the demonstration and recognition by city and district officials of the dominant role of street vending in food distribution and employment of the poor. Workshops helped the Hanoi city and district authorities agree to tolerate street vendors in selected areas, with the setting of jointly developed commitments.
Esferas de quitosana/D. ambrosioides (mastruz) para aplicação como biomaterial
Authors: Medeiros Luanna Abilio Diniz Melquiades de , Barbosa Rossemberg Cardoso , Rosendo Rosana Araújo , Oliveira Dayanna Kelly Marques de , Viana Fernando Antônio Cavalcanti , Fook Marcus Vinícius Lia
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: Desenvolver esferas de quitosana/D. ambrosioides (mastruz) para aplicação como biomaterial. Material e Métodos: Para obtenção das esferas de quitosana
e quitosana com extrato alcoólico bruto do mastruz (EAB) utilizou-se a técnica de GeleificaçãoIonotrópica. Foram formados quatro grupos: QO- quitosana; Q5; Q10 e Q20, quitosana com 5%, 10% e 20% de EAB, respectivamente. Foram caracterizadas por Microscopia Óptica (MO); Citotoxicidade e Biodegradação. Resultados: NoMO, observou-se esferas bem delimitadas e mais escuras, à medida que o percentual do EAB aumentou. Todos os grupos foram não citotóxicos. Na presença de lisozima,
observou-se perda de massa, já na solução tampão fosfato salina (PBS) constatou-se ganho de massa. Conclusão: Conclui-se que as esferas apresentaram potencial para utilização como biomaterial.
Manifestações orais da doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro crônica: revisão sistemática de literatura
Authors: Soares Álvaro Cavalheiro , Alencar Felipe Souza Lima , Antunes Héliton Spindola
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: Identificar a frequênciadas manifestações orais da (DECHc) em pacientes submetidos ao TCTH, através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Material e Métodos: utilizando-se as bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane, e Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source. As lesões liquenóides foram relatadas em 82,5% dos estudos, sendo as alterações mais frequentes entre diversas outras encontradas, como as placas hiperceratóticas que foram relatadas em 17,1% dos estudos, a hipossalivação/xerostomia relatada em 80%, úlceras em 57,1%, atrofia da mucosa em 45,7%, mucocele em 37,1% e pseudomembranas em 17,1%. Observou-se assim, na literatura, uma alta ocorrência de diversas manifestações orais associadas à DECHc.
Homicidios e investigación criminal en México
Authors: Meneses Reyes Rodrigo , Quintana Navarrete Miguel
Published: July 2016

Este documento analiza dos tipos de homicidio: aquellos en donde las autoridades lograron determinar el motivo del homicidio, y los registrados como “homicidios sin motivo conocido”. El objetivo es comprender y explicar los factores que confluyen en una investigación criminal y que contribuyen a clasificar un evento homicida como “conocido” o “desconocido”. Nuestros hallazgos indican que la edad (<10 años), el lugar (interiores) y el consumo de sustancias (drogas) son elementos clave para explicar la manera en que las investigaciones sobre homicidio son procesadas por el sistema de justicia criminal en México.
Currículos de História e expectativas de aprendizagem para os anos finais do ensino fundamental no Brasil (2007-2012)
Authors: Oliveira Margarida , Freitas Itamar
Published: July 2016

O artigo traça um perfil das propostas curriculares produzidas entre 2007 e 2011, por 18 estados da Federação, destinadas aos anos finais do ensino fundamental. O texto é um dos resultados da pesquisa empreendida nos últimos três anos por pesquisadores das universidadesfederais do Rio Grande do Norte e de Sergipe, que prioriza o exame das expectativas de aprendizagem histórica em termos de finalidades, quantidades, distribuição, habilidades, conhecimentos e níveis de incorporação da pesquisa de ponta. O objetivo é fornecer subsídiospara o conhecimento e a discussão sobre políticas públicas e apontar aoportunidade de investigação de temáticas e problemas ainda pouco explorados pela academia.
“Por uma autêntica democracia racial!”: os movimentos negros nas escolas e nos currículos de história
Authors: Pereira Amilcar Araújo
Published: July 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar alguns aspectos das histórias dos movimentos negros no Brasil, assim como levar o leitor a refletir sobre a importância de se estabelecer uma prática de ensino de história que contemple as diferentes matrizes formadoras de nossa sociedade.