bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Síndrome de Kartagener: aspectos limitantes à motilidade espermática e a aplicabilidade da fertilização assistida
Authors: Medeiros Arissa Stéphane Alves de , Silva Pedro Ivo Raimundo da , Padilha Rodrigo Tenório , Padilha Deborah de Melo Magalhães
Published: August 2020

Tendo em vista a relevância da Síndrome de Kartagener (SK) para saúde masculina e a pouca quantidade de informações sobre essa síndrome, este artigo de revisão objetiva esclarecer como ocorre a SK, sua relação com a infertilidade masculina e mostrar alternativas na reprodução assistida que ajudem os indivíduos inférteis. Para tanto, no presente artigo foi realizada uma revisão integrativa, na qual foram empregados um total de 56 artigos científicos, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português. A SK é uma condição genética autossômica recessiva caracterizada por problemas a nível celular, pela qual os microtúbulos do citoesqueleto de flagelos e células ciliares exibem anomalias que resultam em imotilidade dessas organelas. As consequências dessa anomalia são a presença de infecções respiratórias, desde a infância, a e infertilidade masculina com presença de astenozoospermia. Para contornar esse problema, as técnicas de reprodução assistida têm se mostrado bastante eficazes em contribuir com a fertilidade dos indivíduos acometidos pela SK. Diante das biotecnologias reprodutivas existentes, a Injeção Intracitoplasmática de Espermatozoides (ICSI) é hoje a melhor alternativa para os homens com fatores graves de astenozoospermia devido a SK. Contudo, na maioria das vezes, as origens de infertilidade em homens acometidos pela SK não são sistematicamente investigadas pelos profissionais da saúde. Diante disso, conclui-se que é de extrema importância um maior embasamento teórico e estudos genéticos da SK, a fim de aumentar as chances de um diagnóstico precoce de infertilidade nos homens.
Caracterização da liga Fe-Mo obtida por eletrodeposição
Authors: Oliveira José Anderson Machado , Oliveira Alison Silva , Raulino Anamélia de Medeiros Dantas , Raulino José Leonardo Costa , Almeida Arthur Filgueira de , Dantas Danilo Lima , Campos Ana Regina Nascimento , Santana Renato Alexandre Costa de
Published: August 2020

Neste trabalho foi utilizado um planejamento experimental associado à técnica de metodologia de superfície de resposta (MSR), com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito dos parâmetros de deposição, densidade de corrente e pH do banho eletrolítico, sobre as propriedades dos revestimentos de Fe-Mo obtidos por eletrodeposição. As características morfológicas dos revestimentos foram avaliadas por MEV e a relação proporcional dos metais depositados foi avaliada por EDX. A resistência à corrosão das ligas em meio corrosivo contendo íons cloreto (NaCl, 3,5 %) foi avaliada utilizando as técnicas de polarização potenciodinâmica (PP) e espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIE). Os resultados de composição mostraram que o ferro foi eletrodepositado em maior proporção em todos os experimentos, confirmando seu efeito indutor no mecanismo de deposição do molibdênio. Os resultados de corrosão mostraram que os revestimentos obtidos nas condições experimentais de 60 mA/cm² e pH 6 apresentaram o melhor desempenho anticorrosivo entre os sistemas avaliados. A otimização experimental mostrou que a variável pH do banho eletrolítico apresentou uma maior influência sobre os resultados de composição química da liga em comparação à variável densidade de corrente. Portanto, os resultados aqui apresentados confirmam a importância da utilização de técnicas de otimização experimental aplicadas para obtenção de revestimentos obtidos por eletrodeposição com propriedades controladas para aplicações específicas.
Influência da densidade de corrente e da agitação mecânica no processo de eletrodeposição de ligas Zn-Ni
Authors: Costa Josiane Dantas , Oliveira José Anderson Machado , Oliveira Alison Silva , Raulino Anamélia de Medeiros Dantas , Raulino José Leonardo Costa , Almeida Arthur Filgueira de , Campos Ana Regina Nascimento , Santana Renato Alexandre Costa de
Published: August 2020

Foram avaliados os efeitos da densidade de corrente e agitação mecânica do banho no processo de eletrodeposição para obtenção da liga Zn-Ni. Foi utilizado um banho eletrolítico constituído de sulfato de níquel, sulfato de zinco, sulfato de sódio, ácido bórico e citrato de sódio em pH 7,0. A densidade de corrente foi avaliada na faixa de 10-50 mA/cm² e para a agitação mecânica foi avaliada na faixa de 30-70 rpm. Como ferramenta de otimização, foi utilizado um planejamento fatorial completo 2² com três elementos centrais associado à Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta (MSR). Foi observado que o aumento da densidade de corrente e da agitação mecânica provocou o aumento do percentual atômico de níquel nos revestimentos. O percentual de zinco aumentou com a diminuição da densidade de corrente. O ponto ótimo de níquel obtido foi de 39 at.%. A eletrodeposição foi do tipo anômala. A microdureza aumentou com o aumento do percentual de níquel e com a diminuição do percentual de Zn no revestimento. Os revestimentos apresentaram nódulos na superfície com diferentes tamanhos e formas.
Qualidade de ovos acondicionados em diferentes tipos de embalagens e armazenados em postos de comercialização no Município de São João del– Rei, MG
Authors: Diana Thiago Ferreira , Cobucci Juliana Magalhães , Marques Kelen Cristina , Teixeira Alexandre de Oliveira , Brighenti Carla Regina Guimarães , Ferreira Vanusa Patrícia de Araújo , Reis Renata de Souza
Published: August 2020

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade de ovos acondicionados em diferentes tipos de embalagens e armazenados em postos de comercialização no município de São João del-Rei, ao longo de 35 dias. Foram utilizados 360 ovos brancos oriundos de poedeiras da linhagem HyLine W36, distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x3x5 (dois locais de armazenamento/supermercados (S1 e S2), 3 tipos de embalagem (isopor (Iso), plástico (Plas) e celulose (Cel)) e cinco períodos de avaliação: 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias), totalizando 30 tratamentos com quatro repetições, composta de 3 ovos cada. Os dados obtidos para cada parâmetro foram submetidos a análises de variância, adotando-se nível de significância de 5%. Em caso de significância estatística (P<0,05) para interação entre o período, tipo de embalagens e supermercado, foram ajustados modelos de regressão linear ou quadrático para as variáveis resposta. A perda de peso, altura do albúmen, diâmetro médio do albúmen e unidade Haugh apresentaram interação (p<0,05) entre Período, Supermercado e Embalagens.A gravidade específica reduziu (p<0,05) a partir do 21° dia de estocagem. O pH de gema e albúmen e taxa de casca, não foram afetados (p>0,05) pelo tipo de embalagem. Os ovos avaliados aos 35 dias apresentaram pH da e taxa de gema elevados (p<0,05) e pH e taxa do albúmen reduzidos (p<0,05). O período de estocagem interfere negativamente nas características de qualidade interna dos ovos. A embalagem de plástico e isopor apresentam melhores resultados na manutenção da qualidade dos ovos no decorrer do tempo, sendo a primeira mais indicada. O local onde os ovos são armazenados influencia na qualidade do ovo. Houve diferença entre os supermercados.
Microbiological quality and somatic cells of in natura milk produced in Alagoas State, Brazil
Authors: Araújo Bruno Fernando Oliveira , Silva Sybelle Geórgia Mesquita da , Silva João Manoel da , Cavalcanti Neto Cícero Cerqueira , Silva Paula Cibelly Vilela da , Montaldo Yamina Coentro , Costa Jakes Halan de Queiroz , Alves Elizabeth Simões do Amaral , Santos Tania Marta Carvalho dos
Published: August 2020

Raw milk is a food with great consumption and economic value in Brazil. However, is susceptible of contamination by pathogenic bacteria. The aimed of this study was to evaluate the quality of in natura milk based on microbiological in three dairy farms, somatic cells counting (SCC), bacterial counting and his physical-chemical composition. Were made the following microbiological analysis: counting of mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria, coliforms at 30 ºC, coliforms at 45 ºC, Staphylococcus spp., Listeria spp., and SCC. The physical-chemical analysis was fat, protein, lactose, total solids, urea, and casein. There was no evidence of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli were identified in any samples.  In accordance to the microbiological standards established by Normative Instruction 76 only coliforms 30 ºC and 45 ºC counts were above the standards. There was a significant difference (p≤0.05) between the three farms studied regarding most microbiological aspects. Also, was observed difference (p≤0.05) for most of physical-chemical aspects. Overall, the milk produced in the regions of Alagoas State fails to meet just a constant criterion in the current legislation.
Primeira internação psiquiátrica: um olhar do cuidado a partir da experiência do paciente
Authors: Teixeira Vivian dos Santos , Monteiro Claudia Barbastefano , Ferreira Emiliane Cunha , Pacheco Marcos Antônio Barbosa , Santiago Marilaine Pereira , Loyola Cristina Maria Douat
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a primeira internação do paciente em hospital psiquiátrico e o cuidado recebido durante a internação. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e analítica, com busca em estatística, prontuários e entrevistas semiestruturadas desses pacientes em sua primeira internação. Resultados e discussão: Os pacientes relatam um cotidiano ocioso na internação, passividade, desconhecimento frente ao tratamento recebido, a curta duração dos atendimentos recebidos por profissionais e baixa autonomia sobre a medicação prescrita. Os pacientes não reconhecem as oficinas nem atividade similares como tratamento. Destacam o posto de enfermagem como um local onde sentem-se seguros, e apontam o uso do leito clínico como local favorável e tranquilizador para a primeira internação. Conclusão: Recomenda-se que a primeira internação receba atuação de uma equipe multidisciplinar e que atue em concordância com os serviços de base territorial, em parceria direta com o Centro de Atenção Psicossocial para atuação conjunta diante de novas crises.
Atividade antimicrobiana in vitro de extratos vegetais sobre bactérias isoladas de degelo de peixe
Authors: Oliveira Isadora do Nascimento , Teles Amanda Mara , Santos Geisa Correia , Saboia Catarina da Silva , Santos Bianca Araújo , Cardoso Danilo Torres , Mouchrek Adenilde Nascimento
Published: August 2020

Este estudo objetivou-se determinar o rendimento,a prospecção fitoquímica, o conteúdo de compostos fenólicos totais ea atividade antimicrobiana promovida pelos extratos vegetais das partes aéreas Origanum vulgare, do rizoma Curcuma longa e Zingiber officinale, hidroetanólicos 70% obtidos no mercado central de São Luís – MA, Brasil.Os extratos foram produzidos a partir do processo de maceração no mês de junho de 2018. O rendimento em porcentagem foi determinado a partir do material in natura,a triagem fitoquímica dos extratos foi realizada através de métodos qualitativos colorimétricos e de precipitação. O conteúdo de fenólicos totais foi determinado através do método colorimétrico utilizando reagente de Folin-Ciocalteau. Para avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana utilizou-se isolados obtidos a partir do degelo do peixe.O rendimento foi de 20,03%, 26,32% e de 2,8%, e para conteúdo de fenólicos totais de 138,79; 250,95 e de 100,12 mg EAT 100 g-1, respectivamente para O. vulgare, C. longa e Z. officinale. A triagem fitoquímica dos extratos exibiu a presença de positiva para fenóis, alcaloides, triterpenos, flavononas, flavonóis, catequinas, flavonoides e esteróides. A atividade de inibição antibacteriana apresentou bons resultados,expressos em concentração de inibição mínima CIM para os três extratos vegetais avaliados, em especial para C. longa que apresentou alta sensibilidade aos isolados bacterianos.Os resultados obtidos neste estudo apresentam os extratos de O. vulgare, C. longa e Z. officinale como possíveis agentes na extração de compostos fenólicos totais e como antibacteriano podendo ser empregados nas indústrias alimentícias, farmacêuticas, de biotecnologia e agrícola.
A utilização de fitoterápicos no manejo de mulheres no climatério/menopausa
Authors: Souza Alciclei da Silva , Ribeiro Junior Orácio Carvalho , Ribeiro Jonas Simas Sobrinho , Mendonça Letícia Batista , Melo Joyce Madalena Rodrigues de , Araújo Tatiane Silva de
Published: August 2020

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os efeitos da utilização de fitoterápicos por mulheres saudáveis sobre os sinais e sintomas do climatério e menopausa. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, cuja operacionalização possibilita a síntese do conhecimento já produzido no período de janeiro de 2015 a dezembro de 2019, a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio das seguintes bibliotecas virtuais: SciELO e BVS com acesso através das bases de dados BDENF, LILACS e MEDLINE via Pubmed. Foram analisados 24 artigos que demonstraram que os fitoterápicos são efetivos para a redução dos sinais e sintomas vasomotores, neuropsíquicos, disfunção sexual, alterações urogenitais e distúrbios metabólicos decorrentes da menopausa. Dentre os fitoterápicos mais utilizados observou-se as isoflavonas de soja, foeniculum vulgare, trigonella foenum-graecum e o tribulus terrestris. Os fitoterápicos abordados apresentaram resultados significativos para as queixas climatéricas manifestadas em mulheres saudáveis, podendo desta forma ser uma boa alternativa terapêutica para o seu tratamento específico.
O conhecimento aliado a inovação, elementos para a melhoria de processos produtivos: estudo de caso em uma fundição de alumínio sob pressão
Authors: Morais Marcos de Oliveira , Costa Neto Pedro Luiz de Oliveira , Santos Osmildo Sobral dos , Conceição Marcio Magera , Messias Jose Flavio , Morais Gabriel Alves , Brejão Antônio Sérgio
Published: August 2020

O conhecimento e a qualidade tornaram-se essenciais nas organizações para a obtenção de vantagens competitivas, essas ferramentas tornam o capital humano relevante, possibilitando realizar melhorias de processo e aumento da satisfação do cliente, seja ele interno ou externo, além de tornar a organização rentável. No presente artigo foi aplicado a metodologia de estudo de caso, juntamente com a proposta de disseminar o conhecimento e a inovação para a redução das não conformidades dentro da organização, através do levantamento das causas, acompanhando os indicadores e verificando a influência da utilização dos conceitos das ferramentas de gestão do conhecimento e da qualidade nos processos produtivos da organização. Resultados expressivos foram obtidos após a implementação da gestão do conhecimento e da gestão da qualidade dentro da organização, fidelização dos clientes e redução das não conformidades. Essa eficiência e eficácia auxiliam no gerenciamento e melhoria do desempenho da organização.
Enfermagem e as Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em saúde: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Dorneles Flávia Camef , Schlotfeldt Nathália Fortes , França Paola Martins , Moreschi Claudete
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: Identificar a produção científica existente acerca da enfermagem no contexto das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de Revisão Integrativa de Literatura, realizada em março de 2020, nas bases de dados: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e Base de Dados em Enfermagem, utilizando as palavras “Terapias Complementares”, “Terapias Alternativas”, “Práticas Integrativas e Complementares” e “Enfermagem”. A amostra foi composta por 12 artigos. Resultados e Discussão: Emergiram quatro categorias temáticas: Conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde sobre as PICS; Atuação do Enfermeiro nas PICS; Utilização de PICS no tratamento de doenças crônicas; e Abordagem das PICS durante a graduação em enfermagem. Conclusão: Ao identificar a produção científica existente acerca das PICS, percebeu-se a relevância do cuidado prestado, principalmente no que se refere ao aumento da qualidade de vida dos pacientes submetidos a esta prática. Além disso, apesar da cientificidade comprovada de diversas PICS, ainda há muito o que se evoluir no que se refere à prática por parte dos profissionais, principalmente enfermeiros.
Kohesivitas Teman Sebaya dalam Konformitas Pada Remaja Sekolah
Authors: Martasari Kartika , Arisandy Desy
Published: August 2020

his study aimed to determine the relationship betwen cohesivenees group and conformity peers in in students smk muhammadiyah 1 palembang. Dependent variable in this study is konformitas peers, while the kohesivitas kelompok an independent variable. Researched measuring instruments used the cohesivenees group scale and conformity peers scale. This research uses quantitative methods. The sample used in this study were 84 students of the SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Palembang. The results of this study found no significant association between group cohesiveness and conformity peers at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Palembang with the value F = 21.541 , Adjusted R Square = 0.208 , p = 0.000 for the results of significance ( p ) 0,000 mean value of p < 0 , 05 . so stated there was a significant relationship
ADVERSITY QUOTIENT REMAJA YANG MENGALAMI BROKEN HOME
Authors: Dwi Safitri Zelin Heris , Dwi Safitri Zelin Heris , Lasutri Tama Mulia Marlita
Published: August 2020

Abstract: The purpose of the research is to find out the adversity quotient of adolescents who experienced broken home. What factors influence adversity quotient of adolescents who experience a broken home, and how the description of adversity quotient adolescents who experience a broken home. This study used a qualitative research design and used a case study approach to be able to find out adversity quotient of adolescents who experience broken home. In this study, researchers used 6 sources 2 people as research subjects and 4 people as informants to know from each subject. Rhe results of this study found that adversity quotient adolescents who wxperience broken home have adversity quotient that is not much different. The first subject has four dimentions of adversity quotient, while the second subject only has three of the four dimentions of adversity quotient, each dimention possessed by several factors, namely beliefs, talents, character, passion/willingness, education and environment.

Keyword: Adversity Quotient, Adolescence, Broken Home

Absrtak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adversity quotient remaja yang mengalami broken home. Faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi adversity quotient remaja yang mengalami broken home, serta bagaimana gambaran adversity quotient remaja yang mengalami broken home. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif serta menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus untuk dapat mengetahui adversity quotient remaja yang mengalami broken home. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan 6 sumber. 2 orang sebagai subjek penelitian dan 4 orang sebagai informan tahu dari masing-masing subjek. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa adversity quotient remaja yang mengalami broken home memiliki adversity quotient yang tidak jauh berbeda. Subjek pertama memiliki empat dimensi adversity quotient, sementara subjek kedua hanya memiliki tiga dari empat dimensi adversity quotient. Setiap dimensi yang dimiliki oleh subjek juga dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yaitu keyakinan, bakat, karakter, hasrat/kemauan, pendidikan dan lingkungan.

Kata Kunci: Adversity Quotient, Remaja, Broken Home
Konsep Diiri Awal dan Akhir Perawatan Rehabilitas Napza pada Pasien Institusi Penerima Wajib Lapor (IPWL) Rawat Inap
Authors: Rian Irana Purwa Rian Irana
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the differences between the initial and final self concept of treatment for drug rehabilitation in patients with mandatory report recipient institutions (IPWL) at Ernaldi Bahar Hospital, Palembang. and the hypothesis of this study is that there is a difference between the self-concept of beginning and the end of treatment for drug rehabilitation in patients with the Obligatory Report Receiving Institution (IPWL) hospitalized at Ernaldi Bahar Hospital Palembang. The variables of this study are the initial self-concept and final self-concept. The subjects in this study were all drug rehabilitation patients who carried out inpatient rehabilitation at Dr. Ernaldi Bahar Hospital in South Sumatra Province in March - May 2019, which amounted to 40 people, because the number of research subjects did not reach 100 people, so this study took all population numbers which numbered 40 people. The data collection instrument used in this study is the initial self-concept scale and final self-concept scale. In this case it was carried out using a paired t-test, to test differences in samples in paired data. The results showed that there was a difference between the self-concept of the beginning and end of treatment for drug rehabilitation in patients with mandatory report receiving institutions (IPWL) inpatient care at Ernaldi Bahar Hospital Palembang, tcount> ttable: - 9,292> 2,023 or - 9,292> 2,721. = 0.05 and a = 0.01 which means that there is a difference between the initial self-concept and the final self-concept of rehabilitation care.
Self Regulated Learning dan Konsep Diri sebagai Prediktor Aspirasi Karier pada Remaja
Authors: Pratiwi Rezky Graha , Yuliansyah Yuliansyah
Published: August 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of self-regulated learning and self-concept on career aspirations in adolescents. This research uses a quantitative approach with ex-post facto design. This research was conducted in Yogyakarta City which consisted of 223 women and 152 men. Data was collected through CAS-R adaptation for career aspiration scale with 33 items from Obrien (1996), MSLQ for self-regulated learning scale with 44 items from Pintrich and Groot (1990) and TSCS for self-concept scale with 100 items from Fitts (1972) . The category of teenagers who have career aspirations is in the high category. The instrument validation technique uses content validity and Alpha Cronbach coefficient reliability. The results showed that there was an effect of self regulated learning and self-concept on career aspirations in adolescents with a significance value of 0.008 (p <0.05). It can be concluded that Self-regulated learning and self-concept can be strong predictors of career aspirations in adolescent
Improving Endurance of Pneumatic Linear Peristaltic Actuators
Authors: Falcão Carneiro João , Bravo Pinto João , Gomes de Almeida Fernando , Fateri Miranda
Published: August 2020

Pneumatic linear peristaltic actuators can offer some potential advantages when compared with conventional ones. Low cost, virtually unlimited stroke and easy implementation of curved motion profiles are among those benefits. On the downside, these actuators suffer high mechanical stress, which leads to short endurance and increased leakage between chambers during the actuator lifetime. This paper contributes to this field by experimentally characterizing the life behavior of a prototype of a linear pneumatic peristaltic actuator where force—instead of displacement—between rollers is imposed. It is shown that the use of an imposed force configuration has a significant impact in the actuator life time. In fact, the proposed actuator configuration has an average endurance of up to 250% higher than the one previously presented in the literature. This result was obtained while maintaining almost zero leakage between chambers, despite the hose wear throughout the service life. Finally, this paper explores the use of different hose geometries to increase the actuator life span. To this end, a preliminary study is presented where two different 3D printed hose cross sections are tested and compared with a circular one.
Erratum: Harris, C.; White, P.J.; Mohler, V.L.; Lomax, S. Electroencephalography Can Distinguish between Pain and Anaesthetic Intervention in Conscious Lambs Undergoing Castration. Animals 2020, 10, 428
Authors: Harris Charissa , White Peter John , Mohler Virginia L. , Lomax Sabrina
Published: August 2020

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]
Overfeeding-Induced Obesity Could Cause Potential Immuno-Physiological Disorders in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Roh HyeongJin , Park Jiyeon , Kim Ahran , Kim Nameun , Lee Yoonhang , Kim Bo Seong , Vijayan Jasna , Lee Mu Kun , Park Chan-Il , Kim Do-Hyung
Published: August 2020

Although over-nutrition from overfeeding-induced obesity is known to be highly associated with metabolic and immunological disorders in humans, little is known about overfeeding-induced obesity in fish farming. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in immuno-physiological parameters, to better understand the potential risk of overfeeding–induced obesity in fish. Commercial feed was provided to fish in the overfed group until they refuse to eat, but fish in the control group was fed with the feed at 1% bodyweight per day. The hemato-serological, histological, and immunological changes were observed at weeks 2 and 8. Rainbow trout leukocytes were co-incubated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), and the phagocytes engulfing the OxLDL and the presence of apoptotic cells were evaluated. The body weight, body mass index (BMI), and hepatosomatic index (HSI) index were significantly higher in the overfed group, and high lipid accumulation and fatty changes were also observed in their livers, indicating that the feeding regime used in this study led to overfeeding-induced obesity. Likewise, much higher numbers of and larger vacuoles were observed in overfed fish macrophages, showing unclear boundaries between the cytoplasm and extracellular space. In the overfed group, the expression of IL-10, HSP70, TLR2, and CD36 was significantly higher, and lymphocyte apoptosis was more evident, indicating that overfeeding-induced obese fish might have immunologic disorders. This was the first study to demonstrate that overfeeding-induced obesity could cause an immune-physiological imbalance in rainbow trout, making them more vulnerable to infectious diseases and various stressful conditions. This study will contribute to improvements in fish nutrition, feeding practices, fish nutrition, and disease prevention in the aquaculture industry.
Identifying the Stressors Impacting Rescued Avian Wildlife
Authors: Janssen Kimberley , Marsland Crystal , Barreto Michelle Orietta , Charalambous Renae , Narayan Edward
Published: August 2020

Urbanisation exposes avian wildlife to an array of environmental stressors that result in clinical admission and hospitalisation. The aim of this pilot study was to conduct a retrospective analysis of clinical data and characterise this based on categories of stress experienced by avian wildlife patients. The results from this study indicated that impact injuries (n = 33, 25%) and vehicle-related injuries (n = 33, 25%) were the most common occurring preliminary stressors that resulted in the hospitalisation of avian wildlife. The most common outcome of avian patients that suffered from vehicle-related injuries was euthanasia (n = 15, 45%), as was avian patients that suffered from impact injuries (n = 16, 48%). Immobility (n = 105, 61%) and abnormal behaviour (n = 24, 14%) were the most commonly occurring primary stressors of avian patients. Finally, trauma (n = 51, 32%) and fractures (n = 44, 27%) were the most common occurring secondary stressors in avian patients. The most common outcome of all these stressors was euthanasia. This study provided further evidence towards the notion that human- and urbanisation-related stressors are the main causes of hospitalisation of avian wildlife, but also indicated that birds admitted as a result of human-related stressors are more likely to be euthanised than released. This study also provided a categorisation system for the stressors identified in avian wildlife patients (preliminary, primary and secondary) that may be used to monitor the stress categories of wildlife patients and gain a deeper understanding of the complex notion of stress.
Human-Animal Relationship Dysfunction: A Case Study of Animal Hoarding in Italy
Authors: d’Angelo Danila , Ciani Francesca , Zaccherini Alessandra , Tafuri Simona , Avallone Luigi , d’Ingeo Serenella , Quaranta Angelo
Published: August 2020

“Animal hoarding” or “compulsive hoarding of animals” is a psychiatric disease, which has important social implications and a profound influence on animal welfare. To date, this phenomenon has been little investigated and largely unexplored. The present study aims to systematically describe a case of animal hoarding, which remains unresolved. The report refers to a case of a woman suffering from animal hoarding that emerged in 2005. From March 2014 to December 2019, 450 animals were seized over nine different occasions. This disease had significant implications on the welfare of the animals collected, which lived in poor housing and hygiene conditions that frequently led to their death. Since animal hoarding cases involve sanitary, legal, and veterinary aspects, we believe that a multidisciplinary approach is necessary in order to prevent a recurrence and a new accumulation of animals. A holistic approach should be taken according to the One Health principle that involves different stakeholders at every level in order to adopt an efficient solution.
Plasmatic Profile of Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein (PAG) during Gestation and Postpartum in Sarda and Lacaune Sheep Determined with Two Radioimmunoassay Systems
Authors: De Carolis Martina , Barbato Olimpia , Acuti Gabriele , Trabalza-Marinucci Massimo , Melo de Sousa Noelita , Canali Claudio , Moscati Livia
Published: August 2020

This study was carried out to determine ovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (oPAG) levels in the plasma of Sarda and Lacaune ewes throughout gestation and in the first month postpartum, using two heterologous radioimmunoassays (RIA-706 and RIA-srPool) and to study the correlations between PAG levels and fetal gender and number. On Day 18 of pregnancy, PAG concentrations were detected in 90.1% and 80.8% of Sarda pregnant ewes with RIA-706 and RIA-srPool, respectively; and in 90% and in 75% of Lacaune pregnant ewes with RIA-706 and RIA-srPool, respectively. From Day 30, PAG concentrations were detected in all pregnant ewes by using both RIA methods. In the postpartum period, the PAG concentrations in Sarda ewes decreased rapidly reaching minimal levels (<1 ng/mL) on day 28 using both RIA-706 and RIA-srPool. In Lacaune ewes, PAG-706 levels were higher than PAG-srPool from parturition until the last day of observation (Day 28 postpartum). It was also observed that mean concentrations were higher in multiple than in single pregnancies in Sarda and Lacaune ewes. Moreover, due to the rapid disappearance of PAG concentration following lambing, a cut-off limit in postpartum animals was not required as a means for detecting a new pregnancy.
Experimental Parameters Influence the Observed Antimicrobial Response of Oak Wood (Quercus petraea)
Authors: Munir Muhammad Tanveer , Pailhories Hélène , Eveillard Matthieu , Irle Mark , Aviat Florence , Federighi Michel , Belloncle Christophe
Published: August 2020

The present investigation aimed to utilize a direct wood disc diffusion method to study the influence of plane of cutting, cutting method, sterilization method, and origin of tree on the antimicrobial activity of wood material. Six oak wood trees (Quercus petraea) were collected from 3 different locations in France. They were cut into 4 mm thick slices with either transverse (RT), tangential (LT) or radial (LR) faces. Round discs (diameter 9.95 ± 0.1 mm) were cut from the slices via a laser machine or a manual punch machine, and were sterilized with gamma irradiation (25 kGy) or autoclaving (121 °C). The antimicrobial activity of wood was tested using a direct diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. The zone of inhibition around the wooden disc was recorded following the recommendations used for antibiotics tests. The results showed that S. aureus was more susceptible than A. baumannii, to the chemicals that diffused from the wood. The transverse face discs exhibited higher antimicrobial activity. Samples that had been sterilized by autoclaving showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower antimicrobial activity, whereas the cutting method and origin of tree did not influence the antimicrobial activity of wood material. Therefore, the choice of sterilization method and cutting planes must be taken into account while studying and interpreting the antibacterial properties of wood material.
Synthesis of Novel Stilbene–Coumarin Derivatives and Antifungal Screening of Monotes kerstingii-Specialized Metabolites Against Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Fotso Ghislain Wabo , Ngameni Bathelemy , Storr Thomas E. , Ngadjui Bonaventure Tchaleu , Mafu Sibongile , Stephenson G. Richard
Published: August 2020

Fusarium is one of the most toxigenic phytopathogens causing diseases and reduced agricultural productivity worldwide. Current chemical fungicides exhibit toxicity against non-target organisms, triggering negative environmental impact, and are a danger to consumers. In order to explore the chemical diversity of plants for potential antifungal applications, crude extract and fractions from Monotes kerstingii were screened for their activity against two multi-resistant Fusarium oxysporum strains: Fo32931 and Fo4287. Antifungal activity was evaluated by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by broth dilution of fermentative yeasts using kinetic OD600 nm reading by a spectrophotometer. The n-butanol fraction showed the best activity against Fo4287. We screened eleven previously reported natural compounds isolated from different fractions, and a stilbene–coumarin 5-[(1E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-4,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one (1) was the most active compound against both strains. Compound 1 was employed as a nucleophile with a selection of electrophilic derivatizing agents to synthesize five novel stilbene–coumarin analogues. These semisynthetic derivatives showed moderate activity against Fo32931 with only prenylated derivative exhibiting activity comparable to the natural stilbene–coumarin (1), demonstrating the key role of the phenolic group.
Verification of a Novel Approach to Predicting Effects of Antibiotic Combinations: In Vitro Dynamic Model Study with Daptomycin and Gentamicin against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Golikova Maria V. , Strukova Elena N. , Portnoy Yury A. , Zinner Stephen H. , Firsov Alexander A.
Published: August 2020

To explore whether susceptibility testing with antibiotic combinations at pharmacokinetically derived concentration ratios is predictive of the antimicrobial effect, a Staphylococcus aureus strain was exposed to daptomycin and gentamicin alone or in combination in multiple dosing experiments. The susceptibility of the S. aureus strain to daptomycin and gentamicin in combination was tested at concentration ratios equal to the ratios of 24 h areas under the concentration–time curve (AUC24s) of antibiotics simulated in an in vitro dynamic model in five-day treatments. The MICs of daptomycin and gentamicin decreased in the presence of each other; this led to an increase in the antibiotic AUC24/MIC ratios and the antibacterial effects. Effects of single and combined treatments were plotted against the AUC24/MIC ratios of daptomycin or gentamicin, and a significant sigmoid relationship was obtained. Similarly, when the effects of single and combined treatments were related to the total exposure of both drugs (the sum of AUC24/MIC ratios (∑AUC24/MIC)), a significant sigmoid relationship was obtained. These findings suggest that (1) the effects of antibiotic combinations can be predicted by AUC24/MICs using MICs of each antibacterial determined at pharmacokinetically derived concentration ratios; (2) ∑AUC24/MIC is a reliable predictor of the antibacterial effects of antibiotic combinations.
Ibrexafungerp: A Novel Oral Triterpenoid Antifungal in Development for the Treatment of Candida auris Infections
Authors: Ghannoum Mahmoud , Arendrup Maiken Cavling , Chaturvedi Vishnu P. , Lockhart Shawn R. , McCormick Thomas S. , Chaturvedi Sudha , Berkow Elizabeth L. , Juneja Deven , Tarai Bansidhar , Azie Nkechi , Angulo David , Walsh Thomas J.
Published: August 2020

Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen reported worldwide. Infections due to C. auris are usually nosocomial and associated with high rates of fluconazole resistance and mortality. Echinocandins are utilized as the first-line treatment. However, echinocandins are only available intravenously and are associated with increasingly higher rates of resistance by C. auris. Thus, a need exists for novel treatments that demonstrate potent activity against C. auris. Ibrexafungerp is a first-in-class triterpenoid antifungal agent. Similar to echinocandins, ibrexafungerp inhibits (1→3)-β-D-glucan synthase, a key component of the fungal cell wall, resulting in fungicidal activity against Candida spp. Ibrexafungerp demonstrates broad in vitro activity against various Candida spp. including C. auris and C. auris isolates with fks mutations. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50 and MIC90) values in >400 C. auris isolates were 0.5 μg/mL and 1.0 μg/mL, respectively. Clinical results were reported for two patients with invasive candidiasis or candidemia due to C. auris treated during the CARES (Candidiasis Caused by Candida Auris) trial, an ongoing open-label study. These patients experienced a complete response after treatment with ibrexafungerp. Thus, ibrexafungerp represents a promising new antifungal agent for treating C. auris infections.
Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization of Escherichia coli Associated with Granulomatous Colitis of Boxer Dogs
Authors: Dogan Belgin , Zhang Shiying , Kalla Sarah E. , Dogan Esra I. , Guo Cindy , Ang Chelston R. , Simpson Kenneth W.
Published: August 2020

Invasive Escherichia coli is causally associated with granulomatous colitis (GC) of Boxer dogs and French Bulldogs. The virulence determinants of GC E. coli are unclear. E. coli isolated from 16 GC (36 strains) and 17 healthy control (HC: 33 strains) dogs were diverse in phylogeny, genotype, and serotype and lacked diarrheagenic genes. Genes encoding type II (gsp), IV (traC), and VI (hcp) secretion systems, long polar fimbriae (lpfA154/141), and iron acquisition (fyuA, chuA) were frequent in GC and HC. E. coli from 14/15 GC and 10/11 HC invaded Caco-2 better than non-pathogenic E. coli strain DH5α, with invasion correlated with motility and presence of chuA and colV. E. coli from all GC and 10/11 HC survived better than DH5α in J774 macrophages, with adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) in 60% GC and 73% HC. AIEC replicated in monocyte derived macrophages from a GC Boxer with CD48/SLAM risk haplotype but not the HC. Fluroquinolone resistant E. coli were less motile and invasive than fluoroquinolone sensitive (p < 0.05), and only 1/8 resistant strains met criteria for AIEC. In conclusion GC E. coli are diverse, resemble extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), including AIEC, and can replicate in GC-susceptible macrophages. They are likely resident pathosymbionts that can opportunistically persist within macrophages of a GC-susceptible dog.
Sinapic Acid Esters: Octinoxate Substitutes Combining Suitable UV Protection and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Peyrot Cédric , Mention Matthieu M. , Brunissen Fanny , Allais Florent
Published: August 2020

In 2021, Hawaii will permanently ban the use and sale of octinoxate-based sunscreens as studies have shown serious impacts of such UV filters on the coral reef. This ban, which could be generalized to other countries, highlights the extreme need to offer alternative UV filters that are not only effective in terms of sun protection, but also healthy with regards to human health and the environment. In this context, a wide library of p-hydroxycinnamic esters deriving from naturally occurring sinapic acid has been synthesized using a Knoevenagel–Doebner condensation. The UV filtering activities as well as the antioxidant properties of these sinapic acid esters were then investigated. The results showed promising UVB protection and antioxidant efficacy. A Structure–Activity Relationship (SAR) study on the sinapic acid esters highlighted the need of a free phenol to, as expected, observe antioxidant activity, but also to obtain a higher intensity of protection. Moreover, the nature of the ester moiety also proved to be a key structural feature for the UV absorbance, as higher steric hindrance on the ester moiety leads to more active compounds. The judicious structural design of sinapic esters thus provides promising compounds combining UV protection and antioxidant activity.
The Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor Sildenafil Improves DNA Stability and Redox Homeostasis in Systemic Sclerosis Fibroblasts Exposed to Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Di Luigi Luigi , Duranti Guglielmo , Antonioni Ambra , Sgrò Paolo , Ceci Roberta , Crescioli Clara , Sabatini Stefania , Lenzi Andrea , Caporossi Daniela , Del Galdo Francesco , Dimauro Ivan , Antinozzi Cristina
Published: August 2020

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multi-system connective tissue disease characterized by the increased deposition of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen and fibronectin. Although the pathogenesis is not completely understood, a number of studies suggest that free radicals could be the major contributors to the disease. Indeed, different studies demonstrated how oxidative stress could contribute to the fibrotic process activation at the level of the skin and visceral organs. Emerging evidences highlight the beneficial effects of sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i), which protects different cell lines from the cell damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). These data make sildenafil a good candidate for therapeutic treatment aimed to protect biological macromolecules against oxidative damage, thus preserving cell viability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of SSc dermal fibroblasts to an oxidative insult and the ability for sildenafil to prevent/reduce the DNA damage due to ROS action. Additionally, we evaluated the capacity for sildenafil to influence redox homeostasis and cytotoxicity, as well as cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. We demonstrated that SSc fibroblasts have an increased sensitivity to a pro-oxidant environment in comparison to healthy controls. The sildenafil treatment reduced ROS-induced DNA damage, counteracted the negative effects of ROS on cell viability and proliferation, and promoted the activity of specific enzymes involved in redox homeostasis maintenance. To our knowledge, in this report, we demonstrate, for the first time, that sildenafil administration prevents ROS-induced instability in human dermal fibroblasts isolated by SSc patients. These results expand the use of PDE5i as therapeutic agents in SSc by indicating a protective role in tissue damage induced by oxidative insult.
Characterization of Novel Synthetic Polyphenols: Validation of Antioxidant and Vasculoprotective Activities
Authors: Pérez de Vega María Jesús , Moreno-Fernández Silvia , Pontes-Quero Gloria María , González-Amor María , Vázquez-Lasa Blanca , Sabater-Muñoz Beatriz , Briones Ana M. , Aguilar María R. , Miguel Marta , González-Muñiz Rosario
Published: August 2020

Antioxidant compounds, including polyphenols, have therapeutic effects because of their anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antithrombotic and antiproliferative properties. They play important roles in protecting the cardiovascular and neurological systems, by having preventive or protective effects against free radicals produced by either normal or pathological metabolism in such systems. For instance, resveratrol, a well-known potent antioxidant, has a counteracting effect on the excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and has a number of therapeutic benefits, like anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and cardioprotective activities. Based on previous work from our group, and on the most frequent OH substitutions of natural polyphenols, we designed two series of synthetically accessible bis-polyhydroxyphenyl derivatives, separated by amide or urea linkers. These compounds exhibit high antioxidant ability (oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay) and interesting radical scavenging activity (RSA) values (2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) tests). Some of the best polyphenols were evaluated in two biological systems, endothelial cells (in vitro) and whole aorta (ex vivo), highly susceptible for the deleterious effects of prooxidants under different inflammatory conditions, showing protection against oxidative stress induced by inflammatory stimuli relevant in cardiovascular diseases, i.e., Angiotensin II and IL-1β. Selected compounds also showed strong in vivo antioxidant properties when evaluated in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Fixation Stability and Stiffness of Two Implant Systems for Proximal Femoral Varization Osteotomy
Authors: Radtke Kerstin , Goede Fabian , Schwarze Michael , Paes Peter , Ettinger Max , Welke Bastian
Published: August 2020

Proximal femoral varization osteotomy is a well-established surgical procedure in children with severe hip problems. This study aimed to evaluate the fixation stability and stiffness of two new implant systems. A biomechanical testing model was created with a total of 12 synthetic femora. Proximal femoral varization osteotomy was performed in every femur, and the synthetic femora were fixed with two different implant systems (PediLoc Locking Proximal Femur Plate System versus PediLoc Locking Cannulated Blade Plate System; OrthoPediatrics, Warsaw, IN, USA). The average torsional stiffness of the locking plate group was higher than for the cannulated blade plate group. Differences in internal and external rotations were seen between the two groups, but they were not significant. Using the tested implants in severe osteoporotic bones might show other results. Therefore, it might be helpful to use the locking plate system in osteoporotic bones and in cases of revision operations where stability is of critical focus.