bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Kemampuan Mengenal Lima Huruf Vokal Melalui Media Bola Huruf Pada Anak Usia 3-4 Tahun
Authors: Karoma Siti
Published: February 2020

This research is motivated by the difficulty of children aged 3-4 years in recognizing five vowels that is often children fnd it difficult to mention and distinguish vowels such as the letter “e”, “u” and “o”. While the letters that are always emembered by children are the letters “i” and the letter “a”. This study aims to describe the learning process by using letter ball media in order to improve the ability to recognize five vowels in children aged 3-4 years and to find out the increased ability to recognize five vowel letters the use of lette ball media in children aged 3-4 years. The method used in this research is classroom action research. This research consisted of pre cycle, cycle I, cyle II, cyle III. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, interviews, non-test assessment, and documentation. The analysis technique in this study uses quantitative descriptive analysis, the results of this study are the se of letter ball media developed very well in cycle III by using letter ball media plus media decorating plastic cups.
Bartelt Kinneman, Philip Timofeev, Kaspar Kalthof II. Career of Foreign Gunsmiths in Russia in the 17th Century
Authors: Orlenko Sergey
Published: February 2020

Introduction. An important aspect of studying the activities of the court Armoury of the Russian tsars of the 17th century is the work of foreign specialists. The firearms made by Bartelt Kinneman, Philip Timofeev and Kaspar Kalthof II are currently preserved in the collection of the Moscow Kremlin Museums. Unfortunately, many aspects of the biographies and professional activity of these masters in Russia are still poorly studied.

Methods and materials. The basis for the study is the complex of unpublished sources of the former archive of the Armoury Chamber – currently Fund 396 of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA). Besides, the paper applies unpublished and published sources of the offices of the Ambassadorial Prikaz, the Artillery Prikaz and the Secret Affairs Prikaz.

Analysis. When considering the biography of one of the most successful court gunsmiths Bartelt Kinneman, we pay attention to the episode with the escape from him of student named Philip arrived with him from Vilna. In 1672, master Philip Timofeev, who later took a high position among the court gunsmiths, was transferred from the office of the Artillery Prikaz to the Armoury Chamber. The examined documents helped clarify some important details of gunsmiths Kaspar Kalthof II’s stay in Russia. In particular, it was possible to determine the place and duration of his service in the workshop of the Artillery Prikaz. The sources allow to establish that Philip Timofeev was a student who escaped from master B. Kinneman in 1661, entered military service, and later worked in the Armoury workshop in the office of Artillerie with K. Kalthof II. It is assumed that the transition of Ph. Timofeev and his successful career in the Armoury Сhamber became possible as a result of the agreement that he concluded with his former master B. Kinneman.

Results. The article introduces new information about the place of service of the gunsmiths in Russia, the features of professional training, career development in the court Armoury, the specifics of relationships with each other and with the Russian administration.
Wargaming as a Form of Historical Simulation
Authors: Kharinin Artem , Kharinina Larisa
Published: February 2020

Introduction. Wargames are an ancient invention of humankind. A new type of wargames was made in the 19th century. Further it went through the evolution from a military application to historical simulation that can be used as a mathematical model in researching some issues of historical science.

Methods. The authors base the research on the tradition of “cliometry” and “quantitative history”, which apply the following methods: variative analysis, method of average, and statistical analysis.

Analysis. The paper presents the describtion of the main stages of wargames’ evolution and their influence on military arts and historical science. The authors consider the most important transformations: from entertaining board games to practical military guides and further to applied historical studies. The article describes the principals of creating such games and the influence of science subject area on their rules. The paper shows the boundaries of application of this method. The authors highlight advantages and disadvantages of game simulation and its practical potential as an auxiliary historical discipline. The paper also provides short analyses of the main monographs. The authors give examples of wargames that have played an important role in the development of game simulation, describe the main contemporary types of wargames, and give the criteria of historical accuracy and analytical potential.

Results. Modern wargames allow us to make any military historical research more impersonal and measured. The researcher can adjust the rules more flexibly and determine the science subject borders. American researchers outlined the main principles of self-creating wargames for testing some hypothesis suggested by historians.
“His Wife Has Married...”: To the Problem of the Fate of Soldiers’ Wives in the 17th Century
Authors: Vovina-Lebedeva Varvara
Published: February 2020

Introduction. The article deals with one important problem in the history of the 17th-century peasant family: the relationship between a woman and her family, as well as the family of her husband, in cases when this peasant was taken to military service for a long time.

Methods and materials. The article is based on unpublished materials of the description of the Shenkurskaya and Podvinskaya chetverts of Vazhskiy uyezd in 1665. The author explores different situations of taking peasants in soldiers and further interaction of the volost with the families of these soldiers. The fates of soldiers’ wives are a subject of special attention.

Analysis and results. The paper considers various cases that are recorded in the census book: the case of soldier’s wife living in the same yard with relatives of her husband or with her own relatives, the case of soldier’s wife death, the case of “begging inside the parish”. One of these variants was a new marriage of the soldier’s wife. The cases when it took place after the death of the first husband were always recorded. We assume that numerous cases of women’s marriage without remarks of her first husband’s death reflect the practice of a cohabitation among the peasants, which was not consecrated by the church, but was actually recognized by the government and by volost residents.
CONSIDERATIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE APPEAL IN THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
Authors: Denisa Barbu
Published: February 2020

The appeal constitutes a judicial mechanism made available to consumers and to the Prosecutor that aims straight for errors committed by a Court of law in its approach of jurisdiction. The term judicial error must be understood in this context as defined in its broad, drawing together both errors of fact and errors of law. Therefore, the appeal is made for the one dissatisfied with the Court decision as a veritable juridical panacea.The role of the right of appeal is not limited to conferring the possibility of requesting a new retrial of the case. They serve the interests of private individuals higher interests, being accused of public order needs. Thus, the existence of remedies is required by principles such as finding out the truth, the right to a fair trial and the reasons for the population’s confidence in the judiciary or the respect due to justice.The new code of criminal procedure1 has reformed the system of appeal may be exercised in criminal matters, giving them a generous space between regulators, art. 408 and 470. We meet thus, in penal matters, the following remedies: appeal, opposition, and cancellation, opposition in cassation, review and reopening of criminal trial resulting from the absence of the person convicted. Distinct from these, we encounter the complaint which may be made against preventive measures (judicial review and judicial control on security) prepared by the Prosecutor during criminal proceedings and which is addressed to judge rights and freedoms. Still exemplifying, we may meet and demand the cancellation or reduction of the fine, governed by art. 284 of NCPP, and the examples do not stop there. We must note that, in our opinion these latter examples may be considered legal remedies only in the usage of the term largo sensu „remedy”. From the etymological point of view, the appeal originates in French, designating a claim appel, a calling application, a request etc. addressed to persons or institutions in order that the latter to settle claims by the appellant.
FIDEICOMMISSUM SUBSTITUTION IN THE CIVIL CODE REGULATION AND ITS PRACTICAL USE
Authors: Popa Carmen Teodora
Published: February 2020

This paper aims to analyze the fideicomission substitution in light of the change in the New Civil Code in this field and its use in practice. Analyzing the current regulation in the matter of the institution of fideicomission substitution, predominantly French, one can see a change in the legislator's optic in relation to the old regulation where such a legal operation was forbidden. From the point of view of practitioners, however, we have found that they call too little or no such institution.
UNDUE PAYMENT OF GOODS BETWEEN ROMAN TRADITION AND THE PRESENT TIME
Authors: Murzea Cristinel - Ioan
Published: February 2020

Undue payment is one of the numerous legal institutions created by the eminent Roman legal advisers, who, by exquisitely developing the legal technique and practice would create that certain tool which would valorize the subjective rights in regard to reestablishing the equilibrium and the equivalence which the parties of a legal obligation report owe to one another, within an uncorrupted legal circuit; these institutions would later prove their viability and permanence across centuries, being reconfigured according to the new factors which configure law in the modern and contemporary age within the continental system of law.
CONSTITUTIONAL LEGAL DISPUTES BETWEEN THE PRESIDENT OF ROMANIA AND OTHER PUBLIC AUTHORITIES IN THE CASE-LAW OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF ROMANIA
Authors: SIMION Mihaela
Published: February 2020

Article 146 (e) of the Romanian Constitution stipulates the power of the Constitutional Court to solve legal disputes of a constitutional nature between public authorities. Thus, the Constitutional Court solves or settles constitutional disputes between the authorities belonging to the three powers in the state. These situations may concern disputes between two or more constitutional authorities regarding the content or length of their powers, as provided for by the Constitution. The result sought is to overcome possible institutional blockages.From 2005, when the Constitutional Court of Romania first decided on such dispute, and until today, thirteen decisions for settling certain disputes between the President of Romania and other public authorities have been issued. The multitude of disputes is due, primarily, to the semi-presidential system of government provided for by the Constitution and to the ambiguous provisions regarding the division of powers between the Romanian President, Government, Parliament and the judicial power. Last but not least, this dispute is due to a certain political context, too. The present paper aims to analyze the case-law of the Constitutional Court of Romania regarding the constitutional legal disputes between the President of Romania and other public authorities, as well as its impact on the constitutional order and the relationships between the public authorities from the checks and balances system.
A LEGAL REVIEW OF ITALIAN MODEL OF INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION
Authors: Sani Serena , Refrigeri Luca
Published: February 2020

The aim of this work is to repeat in another european scientific context an overview of intercultural education in Italian school starting from the legal perspectives. Unlike Italy, in many European countries, since the middle of the 900, the issue of interculturality, in field of education, has become a real emergency. In this perspective, the Council of Europe and UNESCO, in the Eighties of the last century, have focused their attention on this issue by adopting various pronouncements and recommendations. In Italy, however, the National Council of Education (CNPI) has ruled in favor of intercultural education much later – by means of different standards and ministerial circulars that have treated this issue explicitly – and only recently has defined a national model of intercultural integration in the school. The Molise, as region with special characteristics, is trying to find its own model of integration through a research called Plism entrusted by the Region at the University of Molise.
THE IMPORTANCE OF ANALYZING THE STRUCTURE OF THE LEGAL NORM IN ORDER TO INTERPRET AND TO APPLY CORRECTLY THE LAW
Authors: VIDICAN Roxana-Denisa
Published: February 2020

In everyday life, people enter a multitude of social relationships with their peers. A social relationship turns into a legal relationship only if there is a legal norm that governs it. The law can not be conceived in the absence of the legal norm, so we can say that the legal norm is an essential element of the law.
THE ISSUE OF LIABILITY FOR NON-PATRIMONIAL PREJUDICE WITHIN THE LEGAL LABOR RELATIONS
Authors: Florian Radu-Gheorghe
Published: February 2020

This study aims to examine the extent to which legal liability for non-materialprejudices and moral prejudices is allowable in the field of legal labour relations, in thecontext of contest for regulations governing non-patrimonial prejudices in Romanianlegislation.
THE ORIGINS OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF LEGAL PERSONS – A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Magdalena Catargiu Magdalena Catargiu
Published: February 2020

The criminal liability of legal persons is an intrinsic reality of everyday life. However,this particular institution had a rather tumultuous evolution which is essential inunderstanding its organic mechanisms.Through this study we aim to analyze the concept of criminal liability of the legalperson from both diachronic and comparative perspective in order to determine the role ofthis fiction in contemporary legal systems. We shall focus on the legal framework in bothEuropean and Anglo-American systems. We also intend to identify the factors that have led tothe consecration of criminal liability.
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING WHAT IS AND WHAT IS AIMING TO BE THE LOCAL POLICE
Authors: Crăciun Leucea
Published: February 2020

The present paper aims to reveal the definitive elements; the particular and specificelements that are the structural and spiritual cause that have determined the birth,functioning and development of the local police entities. At the same time I wanted to motivatein my own version the reason of being, of existing and functioning of such a structure, as wellas what they mean for the community, citizen and the administration of the town, of thelocality. The answer to the question whether such a public institution was necessary or not,what is the spirit that it imprints at the level of the relation between the citizen and “theorgan”, service of order and public safety. What is different to what existed until the presentday comes in front of the inhabitant of the town? The approach method of the issue, thebehavior is different of what we have known so far.Through systematizations and statements of the problem subsumed to the title of thearticle, the presentation, I wanted to outline the facet of the local police through which tooffer a simple painting nevertheless with the many casts claimed by the corpus of the structurefor a comprehensive and reflexive understanding of its ego in close connection with its Alterego, that is the citizen.The present article addresses both to the eager in the academic environment and alsoto the “common” citizen, indebted and willing to have a first and eloquent idea about what isand what aims to be this new public institution with judicial personality or in subordination ofthe local councils and which solves the daily problems of the citizens, which affect themdirectly or indirectly. Through the 7 (seven) abstract problems I appreciate that thediscursiveness of the presentation will clear many aspects that at first sight could hardly bedistinguished compared with the existence and functioning of the structures of national police.
FOUNDATION OF STATES
Authors: Jura Cristian
Published: February 2020

The organisation of international society in state entities, appearing as subjects ofinternational law, represented an essential element in the overall evolution and developmentof it, the state-policy making leading to the incorporation, maintenance and development ofinternational community. The state may be considered the main creator, beneficiary anddefender of public international law.
COMMUNICATION – THE BASIC WEAPON OF THE LOCAL POLICE
Authors: Leucea Crăciun
Published: February 2020

This paper aims to tap a very important subject related to intellectual and professional abilities which a civil servant, a local policeman must possess, the knowledge of communication , both verbally and in writing, that everyday reality brings in front.To form these skills, he needs to master very well the fundamental theoretical concepts related to communication. In addition, a local police has to practice skills and talent through rehearsals, as well as to memorize certain types of formulas of expressions he will use. Any kind of communication starts with greeting, then you introduce yourself and it finishes in a kind of open window for the next meetings. It is meritorious for the local police to know and understand the human features, the different categories of persons he comes into contact with and interrelates, as well as to know the technique to initiate, maintain and close communication.The paperwork is structured on theoretical notions about communication, reverential formulas and communication with different persons of various behaviors.
FEW ASPECTS ON THE PROCEDURE OF NOTIFICATION FOR A PRELIMINARY RULING IN CRIMINAL MATTERS IN COMPARISON WITH THE ONES FOR CIVIL MATTERS
Authors: Boghirnea Iulia
Published: February 2020

The article aims to continue the scientific research of a legislative instrument for the prevention of a divergent judicial practice, namely the procedure for notifying the High Court of Cassation and Justice to issue a preliminary ruling for solving certain law matters, this time performing a comparative analysis between the texts of the criminal and civil procedure code.
Mechanical properties of calcite- and aragonite-based structures by nanoindentation tests
Authors: Troncoso Omar P , Torres Fernando G , Arroyo Junior , Gonzales Karen N , Fernández-García Marta , López Daniel
Published: February 2020

Nacre has been considered as one of the most important models for the development of hard bioinspired materials. This aragonite-based layered structure has been extensively studied because of its excellent mechanical properties, superior to those of monolithic aragonite. Calcite-based seashells have received less attention, as they display lower hardness and Young’s modulus. However, layered calcitic structures also have a superior fracture toughness value compared with monolithic calcite. In this paper, seashells of six species were studied by correlating the mechanical properties of the calcite- and aragonite-based layers with their mineral building blocks. Morphological studies revealed nacreous and fibrous prismatic microstructures for aragonite-based layers, whereas calcite-based layers have prismatic and foliated microstructures. The hardness and stiffness of the aragonitic structures were slightly higher than those of calcite. A toughening factor was calculated comparing the fracture toughness of the aragonitic and calcitic layers with the toughness of monolithic aragonite and calcite. The toughening factors of calcitic and aragonitic structures were in the same range (1.6–9.2).
Territorio y territorialidad: Teorías en confluencia y refutación
Authors: Herrera Montero Luis Alberto , Herrera Montero Lucía
Published: February 2020

En Ecuador, las temáticas relativas a territorio y territorialidad constituyen, en los actuales momentos, importantes ejes de interés teórico y sociopolítico. No obstante, y a pesar de ser un asunto prioritario en la gestión y administración de proyectos de índole institucional, su relevancia en los ámbitos filosóficos y socio-antropológicos no ha sido suficientemente considerada.  Diversas instancias de gobierno y organismos no gubernamentales (ONGs) llevan más de dos décadas trabajando en torno al ordenamiento territorial. En cambio, la reflexión teórica, de utilidad científica, es incipiente y está apenas en sus primeras fases de desarrollo. En tal contexto, el objetivo del presente artículo es explorar contribuciones teóricas y enfoques epistémicos, utilizando para ello metodologías hermenéuticas, de pensamiento relacional y de reflexividad. Los contenidos expuestos como resultados dan cuenta de confluencias y discrepancias entre teorías que tienen mayor relevancia epistemológica en materia social:  el marxismo, el posestructuralismo y las teorías de la complejidad sistémica. En calidad de conclusión se puede sostener que mientras el territorio es principalmente estructural, la territorialidad refiere a procesos de transformación societal, de metamorfosis y sintonía socio-natural.
Corporativismo y representación política en Ecuador: el Consejo Nacional de Trabajo y Salarios
Authors: Stoessel Soledad
Published: February 2020

El texto presenta los resultados de una investigaciónque exploró la dinámica de una institución corporativa como es el Consejo Nacional de Salarios en Ecuador durante el período 2007-2017. Se abordó a partir de dos dimensiones: su diseño institucional y la disputa alrededor de la representación política. Se estudiaron las implicancias de ambas dimensiones en la gestión del conflicto entre el capital y el trabajo, en el alcance democrático de la institución y en la capacidad del Estado para revestir autonomía frente a intereses históricamente poderosos, como los empresariales. La investigación combinó el enfoque estratégico-relacional y procesual de Jessop, con una estrategia metodológica que articuló análisis normativo, hemerográfico y de discursos elaborados en entrevistas. Algunas conclusiones refieren a la alta autonomía estatal para definir las reglas de la representación política de sindicatos y cámaras empresariales, el reforzamiento del poder del capital en detrimento del de los trabajadores y la orientación incluyente y democrática del Consejo al haber abierto la participación a trabajadores históricamente excluidos.
Construction and sequencing of DNA libraries on Hiseq 2000 platform for the eastern banjo frog v1
Authors: Li Qiye
Published: February 2020

This protocol is used for construction and sequencing of DNA libraries which include short-insert libraries and mate-paired libraries on the Hiseq 2000 platform for the eastern banjo frog.
Aquatic eDNA sampling and plant community metabarcoding with portable Nanopore Flongle sequencing (v0.0.2) v2
Authors: Callahan Jordan , Harbert Robert
Published: February 2020

Aquatic eDNA sampling, extraction, and plant metabarcoding on Oxford Nanopore's Flongle platform. Sampling method adapted from: Laramie, M.B., Pilliod, D.S., Goldberg, C.S. and Strickler, K.M., 2015. Environmental DNA sampling protocol-filtering water to capture DNA from aquatic organisms (No. 2-A13). US Geological Survey. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/tm2A13 Extraction protocol nearly identical to Qiagen DNEasy PowerWater kit manual: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=2ahUKEwj4jpSKkqfnAhUjnOAKHdAbDQ8QFjABegQIBBAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.qiagen.com%2Fus%2Fresources%2Fdownload.aspx%3Fid%3Dbb731482-874b-4241-8cf4-c15054e3a4bf%26lang%3Den&usg=AOvVaw32l8w94T6GAZUI4TAyUyT1 Amplicon sequencing is a modified version of the PCR barcoding protocol from Oxford Nanopore for kit SQK-PBK004.
THE THREE SEAS INITIATIVE AS AN ELEMENT OF A STABILIZATION SYSTEM IN EASTERN AND MIDDLE EUROPE. BETWEEN THE POLITICAL CONCEPTION ITSELF AND THE POLITICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Tomaszewski P.
Published: February 2020

The purpose of the present paper is to demonstrate the conception of the cooperation in Eastern-Middle Europe which took into effect with the considerable participation of Poland, with the conception in question being referred to as “Three Seas Initiative”. The said Initiative aims at expanding the infrastructural, economic, energy-related as well as scientific and cultural cooperation among 12 states. The development of the abovementioned initiative seems to be vitally important for Ukraine as well as for the countries that are neighbors of the EU in terms of provisioning of their political and economic independence. Moreover, the strengthening of bilateral cooperation within the ranks of this initiative inevitably increases chances for the admission of Ukraine to the EU. The further cooperation “Three Seas Initiative” shall be considered the connecting link between the states and be regarded as a key direction for the political efforts of a respected governmental bodies of participating counties.
Key words: Three Seas Initiative, energy sector, digital communication, Middle-Eastern Europe, geopolitics Poland.
FOREIGN POLICY FACTORS OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY: COMPARATIVE CONTEXT OF CHANGES DURING 2013-2018
Authors: Pipchenko N. , Ryzhkov M.
Published: February 2020

The information impact of innovative technologies on the international system significantly changed the forms, methods and content of traditional diplomacy that it needs to be considered in the implementation of foreign policy activities because the preservation of the optimal balance between security and active foreign policy requires sufficient political, intellectual, technological, organisational and financial resources. In the paper, it was studied such trends of Ukraine’s public diplomacy as an image, investment, culture and media, as well as compared Ukraine’s position and the Eastern Partnership countries in the international rating indexes during 2013-2018/2019. The results show that there is a gap between the intentions and outcomes of governmental communication with the foreign audience but Ukraine’s position is better among the Eastern Partnership countries. The findings suggest that a conceptual program of public diplomacy should be developed in Ukraine for effective explanation state’s foreign policy initiatives to the global and domestic public. The paper draws conclusions about the main components of Ukraine’s public diplomacy strategy which can be an area for further research.
ALGERIA: IS THERE A WIND OF CHANGE AFTER THE ELECTIONS OF 2017 AND THE REVOLUTION OF 2019?
Authors: Ignatiev P. M.
Published: February 2020

The top oil and gas producer Algeria with a huge land area is of strategic importance for Europe because of the proximity to this continent. However, this country remains frozen in time with undeveloped oil-dependant economy, considerable state subsidies and omnipresent security apparatus. Being surrounded by unstable Tunisia, Libya, Niger, Mali, and by regional adversary Morocco, Algeria has no choice but to devote considerable funds to defense purposes. It is important to state that such budget allocations were acceptable when international prices of crude oil were substantial. Now, in order to fulfill various social obligations, the government has to use extensively forex reserves. The former President Abdulaziz Bouteflika had been ill since 2012 and the country was clandestinely ruled by the alliance of his brother Said, Bouteflika, party leaders of National Liberation Front and the military brass. Today after the People’s revolution of 2019 they have to make a choice – to continue with the current policy of de-facto military rule and face another revolution or slowly liberalize from the top. The author makes an attempt to analyze how Algeria is trying to cope with the most recent challenges without major reforms.
Key words: Algeria, Morocco, the Russian Federation, China, subsidies, oil and gas, military spending, pipeline, reforms.
Small respiratory passages dysfunction in bronchial asthma
Authors: Kytikova O. Yu. , Antonyuk M. V. , Gel'tser B. I. , Mineeva E. E. , Gvozdenko T. A.
Published: February 2020

The small respiratory passages dysfunction (SRPD) is found in the vast majority of patients with bronchial asthma (BA). The SRPD is currently recognized as the important pathogenetic feature of BA. The purpose of this review is to analyze the current scientific knowledge about the poorly studied aspects of the small respiratory passages (SRR) participation in the development of pathological process in BA, as well as the impact of small bronchial dysfunction on the clinical course, the exacerbation frequency and the disease control. The importance of SRPD diagnostics in BA patients for optimal and timely treatment is discussed. The modern methods of RPD pathology diagnostics are described; their informative use in the comparative study aspect is considered.
Ligand-receptor binding kinetics in drug design
Authors: Borisov D.V. , Veselovsky A.V.
Published: February 2020

Traditionally, the thermodynamic values of affinity are considered as the main criterion for the development of new drugs. Usually, these values for drugs are measured in vitro at steady concentrations of the receptor and ligand, which are differed from in vivo environment. Recent studies have shown that the kinetics of the process of drug binding to its receptor make significant contribution in the drug effectiveness. This has increased attention in characterizing and predicting the rate constants of association and dissociation of the receptor ligand at the stage of preclinical studies of drug candidates. A drug with a long residence time can determine ligand-receptor selectivity (kinetic selectivity), maintain pharmacological activity of the drug at its low concentration in vivo. The paper discusses the theoretical basis of protein-ligand binding, molecular determinants that control the kinetics of the drug-receptor binding. Understanding the molecular features underlying the kinetics of receptor-ligand binding will contribute to the rational design of drugs with desired properties.
Visiones y experiencias familiares y profesionales en la prevención de la institucionalización de las personas con discapacidad intelectual en La Rioja
Authors: Morga Manzanares Ruth , Serrano-Martínez Cecilia
Published: February 2020

Un recurso para el cuidado y atención de las personas con discapacidad intelectual es la institucionalización, la cual incluye a las personas con necesidades de apoyo en una institución dirigida a atender y dar respuestas a sus necesidades. Un elemento para prevenir esta tendencia y buscar otras alternativas es conocer las visiones de los propios familiares y de los profesionales que trabajan directamente con el colectivo. El presente artículo ofrece estos discursos, a través de la realización de dos Grupos de Discusión. Entre las conclusiones principales, se deben realizar prácticas que favorezcan el mantenimiento las relaciones familiares y que faciliten el establecimiento de relaciones sociales con otras personas sin discapacidad en entornos inclusivos. Las personas residentes deben ejercer su autodeterminación en el día a día de la vivienda, tomando decisiones acerca de sus asuntos cotidianos.
Malas prácticas y acciones de mejora en el Tribunal de Distrito de la Inquisición de Llerena
Authors: Martínez Navas Isabel
Published: February 2020

Establecido en 1485, el Tribunal del Santo Oficio de Llerena fue objeto de diversas visitas de inspección en los siglos XVI y XVII. En ellas se determinaron y, en su caso, depuraron las responsabilidades en las que pudieron incurrir los integrantes del Tribunal por un incorrecto desempeño de sus funciones o por manifestar actitudes irreconciliables con las que debían acompañar a los servidores de la Inquisición. Al propio tiempo, las visitas de inspección arrojaron luz sobre posibles disfunciones y permitieron acometer las oportunas reformas con la vista puesta en corregir defectos de funcionamiento y procurar la deseada uniformidad en la práctica de los Tribunales de distrito.
Las autorizaciones de plantación de viñedo en España
Authors: Sánchez Hernández Ángel
Published: February 2020

El vigente régimen jurídico de autorizaciones de plantación de viñedo de la Unión Europea pretende asegurar el crecimiento ordenado de las plantaciones de viñedo y mejorar la competitividad del sector vitivinícola. El régimen jurídico de autorizaciones de plantación de viñedo se establece fundamentalmente en la normativa de la UE que se regula el potencial de producción vitícola. Su objetivo es doble. Por un lado, incrementar la competitividad del sector vitivinícola de la Unión europea para no perder cuota en el mercado mundial, y de otro lado, evitar el aumento rápido de las nuevas plantaciones que lleven a un excedente de producción.
Jovens cuiabanos, interesses científicos e percepções sobre a teoria evolutiva
Authors: Oliveira Graciela Silva , Costa Rita Baldini da , Magalhaes Thayanny Rosalino de
Published: February 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar percepções de alguns estudantes cuiabanos acerca de temas científicos, escolhas profissionais e opiniões sobre temas evolutivos. Participaram desta pesquisa 406 estudantes (55,6% meninos) matriculados no 1º ano do Ensino Médio de escolas públicas de Cuiabá – MT. As coletas de dados aconteceram através da aplicação de questionários, e as análises estatísticas foram realizadas com auxílio do pacote estatístico Software Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 18.0. Os resultados encontrados apontam que há, entre os estudantes cuiabanos, o interesse em aprender Ciências na escola, destacando a motivação por entender sobre biologia humana. Entretanto, a proximidade com a Ciência ganha uma nova reconfiguração quando se trata da teoria evolutiva, já que a maioria dos estudantes não reconhece a validade da explicação científica para a origem humana e desconhece alguns conceitos evolutivos.
Química Verde nos cursos de Licenciatura em Química do Brasil: mapeamento e importância na prática docente
Authors: Rodrigues de Almeida Queli Aparecida , Silva Bianca Bassetti , Lima Silva Geovani Aristeu , Gomes Suelen Stutz , Da Conceição Gomes Thaina Nascimento
Published: February 2020

A filosofia da Química Verde ou Química Sustentável tem como sua definição a criação, desenvolvimento e aplicação de produtos e processos químicos a fim de reduzir e eliminar o uso e a geração de substâncias nocivas. Um curso de licenciatura em química visa formar profissionais que atuarão diretamente na formação de pessoas conscientes, reflexivas, cidadãs através do espaço escolar. O uso das filosofias da Química Verde nas aulas desses futuros profissionais, são de extrema importância. O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter dados do cenário da educação em Química Verde nos cursos de Licenciatura em Química ofertados nas instituições públicas de ensino superior do país.
Fatores determinantes de sucesso: uma análise dos projetos eólicos dos leilões de energia de reserva da ANEEL
Authors: Caldas Antonio Vinicius Silva , Silva Junior Antônio Francisco de Almeida da
Published: February 2020

Este estudo estimou os fatores característicos de projetos de usinas eólicas bem-sucedidos, considerando exclusivamente os dados finais dos leilões de energia de reserva. Assim, foram analisados os resultados de 150 empreendimentos ganhadores dos certames ocorridos entre 2011 e 2015. Utilizou-se a ACP para identificação dos fatores que diferenciaram os projetos que se transformaram em usinas daqueles que fracassaram neste intento. Foram calculados os escores para cada projeto analisado, tendo como data de corte o mês de agosto de 2019. Dentre os projetos que tiveram maiores investimentos e se propuseram a gerar mais energia elétrica, 90,91% foram bem-sucedidos. Constatou-se ainda que os percentuais de deságios não tiveram uma relação significativa com o sucesso ou fracasso na transformação dos projetos em usinas.
Inexact Double Step Length Method For Solving Systems Of Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Halilu Abubakar Sani , Yusuf Waziri Mohammed , Balarabe Musa Yau
Published: February 2020

In this paper, a single direction with double step length method for solving systems of nonlinear equations is presented. Main idea used in the algorithm is to approximate the Jacobian via acceleration parameter. Furthermore, the two step lengths are calculated using inexact line search procedure. This method is matrix-free, and so is advantageous when solving large-scale problems. The proposed method is proven to be globally convergent under appropriate conditions. The preliminary numerical results reported in this paper using a large-scale benchmark test problems show that the proposed method is practically quite effective.
The Digital Era of Performing Arts Medicine Research
Authors: Ackermann Bronwen J
Published: February 2020

As MPPA moves into the next decade, the challenges faced by maintaining print media in an increasingly paperless society has led to the journal being published online only from March 2020 onwards. While it is a little sad to farewell the colourful covers and textures of the paper journal,
there will be advantages in accessibility and immediacy of publishing with the new online system, and we look forward to the new era. Indeed, modern technology has changed the way we analyse a multitude of variables in research, and we see in this issue several examples of performance analysis
using highly sophisticated devices.
Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Sains untuk Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Zurqoni Zurqoni , Hariyanie Ida
Published: February 2020

This research is a type of research and development. The development model used through the adaptation results from the Borg and Gall models. In this study carried out only with 8 stages: 1) Potential and Problems; 2) Information Collection; 3) Product Design; 4) Design Validation; 5) Design Revision; 6) Product Testing; 7) Product Revision; and 8) Usage Tests. The stages carried out in this study are: Phase 1, namely the potential and problems carried out with the aim of finding out the problems in the field about learning models that can improve six aspects of early childhood development. This stage was carried out in six PAUD institutions with observation, interview and documentation methods. Stage 2 is gathering information/data, taken from three sources, namely learning implementation plans (RPP), teaching teachers, and students in six PAUD 5-6 year age groups. Stage 3 is product design, namely developing an existing learning model into a science-based learning model. The purpose of developing this learning model is to improve six aspects of early childhood development. The basis of the development of this science-based learning model is the curriculum 2013, several references from science learning books, learning material taken from daily activities of students, and traditional games that are easily played by early childhood. The observation results from the teacher as a user based on the questionnaire are as follows: 1) PAUD Mutiara Ilmu Samarinda received an average of 4.2 with the category "Good"; 2) PAUD Palapa Samarinda gets an average of 5.0 with the category "Very Good"; 3) RA An Nur Al Ikhlas Kutai Kertanegara received an average of 4.2 with the category "Good"; 4) PAUD Media Sandika Balikpapan gets an average of 5.0 with the category "Very Good"; 5) PAUDBalikpapan Anggrek I  received an average of 4.6 with the category "Very Good"; 6) Anggrek II ECD gets an average of 4.5 in the category of "Very Good". So that the observations from the teacher as a user based on the questionnaire as a whole got an average of 4.6 with the category "Very Good". Based on all of the above descriptions, the results of student and teacher testing as instructors are known to be effective science-based learning models used to improve six aspects of early childhood development.
Contribución de los alimentos a la ingesta total de energía en la dieta de los mexicanos mayores de cinco años
Authors: García-Chávez Claudia Gabriela , Monterrubio-Flores Eric , Ramírez-Silva Claudia Ivonne , Aburto Tania C , Pedraza Lilia S , Rivera-Dommarco Juan
Published: February 2020

Objetivo. Identificar la contribución a la ingesta de energía (CIE) de alimentos consumidos en mayores de cinco años y por características sociodemográficas, en la población mexi­cana. Material y métodos. Se analizó información del recordatorio de 24 horas de 7 983 sujetos ≥5 años incluidos en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012 (Ensanut 2012). Se estimó la CIE de 50 alimentos clasificados en ocho grupos de alimentos en el ámbito nacional, estratificando por edad, área de residencia, región y nivel socioeconómico. Resultados. Siete alimentos contribuyeron con 50% de la ingesta energética total: tortilla y productos de maíz (20.6%), pan dulce (6.6%), aceites vegetales (4.9%), pan blanco y derivados de trigo (4.9%), bebidas azucaradas carbonatadas (4.6%), carnes rojas (4.0%) y leche entera (4.0%). Otros alimentos, cuyo consumo es recomendable aumentar por sus efectos positivos en salud, mostraron contribuciones menores a 1.0%, con excepción del frijol (3.3%). Se observó gran heterogeneidad en el consumo entre subgrupos de población. Conclusión. La identificación de los alimentos individuales y su CIE, tanto en grupos de alimentos cuyo consumo se recomienda aumentar, como en aquéllos que se recomienda reducir, puede ser de utilidad para el diseño de acciones regulatorias y estrategias educativas dirigidas a disminuir la carga de enfermedad relacionada con la dieta.
Increased incidence of Neisseria meningitidis infections in Nuevo León, Mexico
Authors: Ramírez-Elizondo María Teresa , Garza-González Elvira , Echániz-Aviles Gabriela , Flores-Treviño Samantha , Carnalla-Barajas María Noemí , Camacho-Ortiz Adrián
Published: February 2020

[No disponible]
Mechanism of Water Flooding in the Presence of Free Gas
Authors: Kyte J.R. , Stanclift R.J. , Stephan S.C. , Rapoport L.A.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 207, 1956, pages 215–221.

Experimental studies covering a wide range of core materials and fluid properties have been conducted to determine the mechanism of oil displacement by water in a partially gas-saturated porous medium. In all instances, the presence of a gas phase was found to have a beneficial effect in reducing residual oil saturations. The practical significance of this benefit is discussed, and a simplified procedure is outlined for evaluating the effects of free gas on water flooding by means of short core tests.

Introduction

In addition to oil and water, reservoirs subjected to water flooding frequently contain, also, a gas phase. Common engineering procedures account for the presence of this "free gas" only from the viewpoint of volumetric balance, implying that the only role of the gas consists of providing "fill up" space. It is usually visualized that during the initial stages of the water invasion, the oil, moving ahead of the water, displaces part of the gas and that subsequently the remaining portion of the gas phase is totally compressed and dissolved in the advancing oil bank. Thus, consideration of a two-phase, water-oil flooding mechanism supplies an adequate basis for predictions of oil recovery if the pressure build-up caused by the flood is sufficiently great, so as to reduce the free gas saturation to a negligible value in any portion of the reservoir by the time that portion is reached by the advancing flood water. In many in stances, however, waterflooding operations are carried out when the reservoir pressure is still relatively high so that the pressure build-up associated with the water flood may not result in complete dissipation of the gas phase. Under such circumstances it is necessary to ascertain whether or not the presence of free gas has an effect on waterflood behavior and, if so, to account for any such effect in the evaluation of field operations.
Estimation of Primary Oil Reserves
Authors: Arps J.J.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 207, 1956, pages 182–191.

This paper reviews the methods currently in use for estimating primary oil reserves and discusses the principles on which these methods are based. Particular emphasis is placed on how these methods change with the type of information available during the life cycle of an oil property. This paper contains various novel estimating methods and shortcuts heretofore unpublished.

Introduction

Estimating oil reserves is one of the most important phases of the work of a petroleum engineer since the solutions to the problems he deals with usually depend on a comparison of the estimated cost in terms of dollars, with the anticipated result in terms of barrels of oil. His recommendations to management regarding the best course of action are therefore normally based on the most favorable balance between these two.

Specific engineering problems which require such a knowledge of recoverable oil reserves and a projection of future rates are:the exploitation and development of an oil reservoir;the construction of gasoline plants, pipelines and refineries;the division of ownership in unitized projects;the price to be paid in case of a sale or purchase of an oil property, and the magnitude of the loan which it will support;the proper depreciation rate for the investment in oil properties; andevaluation of the results of an exploration program.

This discussion will be confined to the various methods and tools which are currently in use for estimating oil reserves to be obtained during the primary phase of an oil-producing reservoir and for a projection of the future production rates. Reserves which may be obtained by secondary recovery methods or fluid injection programs and gas and gas condensate reserves will not be discussed in this paper.
Spastin Interacts with CRMP5 to Promote Spindle Organization of Mouse Oocytes by Severing Microtubules.
Authors: Shou Hua-Feng , Gao Lei-lei , Jin Zhen , Liu Jin-Wei , Jiang Shan-Shan , Shen Yan , Cheng Wei-Ye
Published: February 2020

Background ： Microtubule-severing protein (MTSP) is highly critical for the survival of both mitotic and post-mitotic cells.However, the study of MTSP in the meiosis of mammalian oocyte has not been reported. Results ：We found that spastin, a member of the MTSP family, was highly expressed in oocyte and aggregated in spindle microtubules. After knocking down spastin by specific siRNA, the spindle microtubule density of meiotic oocyte decreased significantly. When the oocyte was cultured in vitro, the oocyte lacking spastin showed obvious maturation obstacles. Combining with the microtubule severing activity of spastin, we speculate that spastin on spindle may increase the microtubule broken ends by severing microtubules, thus playing a nucleating role, promoting spindle assembly and ensuring normal meiosis. In addition, we found that there was co-localization and interaction between CRMP5 and spastin in oocyte. The knockdown of CRMP5 may also lead to spindle abnormalities and developmental disorders in oocyte. Overexpression of spastin may save the abnormal phenotype caused by deletion of CRMP5. Conclusions ：To sum up, our data support a model in which the interaction between spastin and CRMP5 promotes the assembly of spindle microtubules in oocyte by controlling microtubule dynamics, thus ensuring normal meiosis.