bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of switching from twice-daily basal insulin to once-daily insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) in Brazilian people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Dualib Patricia Medici , Dib Sergio Atala , Augusto Gustavo Akerman , Truzzi Ana Cristina , de Paula Mauricio Aguiar , Réa Rosângela Roginski
Published: July 2024

Background

Low adherence to the number of insulin injections and glycemic variability are among the challenges of insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The TOP1 study investigated the effect of switching from twice-daily (BID) basal insulin to once daily (OD) insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) on glycemic control and quality of life.

Methods

In this 28-week, phase 4 trial, people with T1D aged ≥ 18 years, who were treated with BID basal insulin in combination with prandial rapid-acting insulin for at least 1 year, and had HbA1c between 7.5% and 10.0%, were switched to Gla-300 OD as basal insulin. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of this change on HbA1c, glycemic profile, treatment satisfaction and safety. The change in HbA1c from baseline to Week 24 was the primary endpoint.

Results

One hundred and twenty-three people with T1D (mean age 37 ± 11 years; 54.5% female) were studied. The disease duration was 20.0 ± 9.8 years, baseline HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were 8.6 ± 0.7% and 201 ± 80.3 mg/dL, respectively. After switching from BID to OD insulin regimen, no significant change in HbA1c was observed from baseline to Week 24 (p = 0.873). There were significant reductions in fasting self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) from baseline to Week 24 (175 ± 42 vs. 156 ± 38 mg/dL; p < 0.0001), and in glycemic profile (8-point SMBG) at several time points. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of patients with at least one hypoglycemic event (p = 0.025), in numbers of hypoglycemic events per patient-years of any type (p = 0.036), symptomatic (p = 0.007), and confirmed ≤ 70 mg/dL events (p = 0.049) from run-in to the last 4 weeks on treatment. There were significant improvements in treatment satisfaction (p < 0.0001), perceived hyperglycemia (p < 0.0001) scores and satisfaction with the number of injections between post-run-in and Week 24, and a significant decrease in fear of hypoglycemia.

Conclusions

Switch from BID basal insulin to OD Gla-300 as part of basal bolus therapy in T1D resulted in similar glycemic control as measured by HbA1c, but provided significant improvements in SMBG, daily glucose profile, a lower incidence of hypoglycemia and increased patient satisfaction.

Trial registration

NCT03406000.
Comparing the effects of low-level laser therapy and gaseous ozone as a preventive measure on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws following tooth extraction: a rat model
Authors: Özalp Öznur , Göksu Oğuzcan , Toru Havva Serap , Altay Mehmet Ali , Sindel Alper
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Use of numerous medications such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sunitinib), monoclonal antibodies (bevacizumab), fusion proteins (aflibercept), mTOR inhibitors (everolimus), radiopharmaceuticals (radium 223), selective estrogen receptor modulators (raloxifene), and immunosuppressants (methotrexate and corticosteroids) has been reported to be a risk factor for development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws till date. This study aimed to evaluate the preventive effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and gaseous ozone on the onset of MRONJ following tooth extraction.

Materials and methods

A total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups of 10 rats each. The groups laser (L), ozone (O), and control (C) received weekly intraperitoneal injections of zoledronic acid (0.06 mg/kg), while group sham (S) received saline solution for 4 weeks. After the 4th injection, all subjects underwent mandibular first molar extraction and adjunctive laser or ozone was applied according to the groups. All the rats were sacrificed at 4 postoperative weeks for comparative histomorphometric evaluation of bone healing in extraction sites.

Results

Laser and ozone groups demonstrated significantly higher bone formation compared to control group (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was found between laser and ozone groups (p = 1.00). Furthermore, the greatest bone formation was observed with the sham group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Findings of the current study support that adjunctive LLLT and ozone therapy following tooth extraction may help prevent MRONJ and improve bone healing in subjects under zoledronic acid therapy.

Clinical relevance

Since the introduction in 2003, great effort has been devoted to developing a certain management protocol for MRONJ. Several publications have appeared in recent years documenting promising results of adjunctive LLLT and ozone application in treatment of MRONJ. However, experimental data are limited on this regard and the present study, for the first time, aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of LLLT and ozone in prevention of MRONJ.
Control beliefs as mediators between education and quality of life in patients with breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancer: a large register based study
Authors: Roick Julia , Esser Peter , Hornemann Beate , Ernst Jochen
Published: July 2024

Objective

Control beliefs have been found to influence adaption to a cancer diagnosis. This study explored interrelationships among education, control beliefs, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancer and tested weather control beliefs act as mediators.

Methods

Six hundred and five patients with breast (n = 205), prostate (n = 205), colorectal (n = 124), and lung (n = 71) cancer from two German cancer registries answered standardized questionnaires. Response rate was 54%. HRQoL was assessed with the EORTC QLQ-C30 core questionnaire and control beliefs (internal, external, and fatalistic) were evaluated using the IPC-questionnaire. Education was measured on a scale ranging from 1 to 8. Data were analyzed using multiple mediation models.

Results

There was a positive correlation between education and HRQoL. Internal beliefs were positive and external beliefs were negative correlated with HRQoL. Internal control beliefs mediated the relationship between education and global health-related quality of life (.299, CI .122, .531), physical functioning (.272, CI .110, .486), emotional functioning (.325, CI .120, .578), and pain (-.288, CI − .558, − .094). External and fatalistic control beliefs did not act as mediators.

Conclusion

Patients with low education feel they have less control over their cancer disease and consequently a poorer health-related quality of life.
Semantic segmentation of point clouds of ancient buildings based on weak supervision
Authors: Zhao Jianghong , Yu Haiquan , Hua Xinnan , Wang Xin , Yang Jia , Zhao Jifu , Xu Ailin
Published: July 2024

Semantic segmentation of point clouds of ancient buildings plays an important role in Historical Building Information Modelling (HBIM). As the annotation task of point cloud of ancient architecture is characterised by strong professionalism and large workload, which greatly restricts the application of point cloud semantic segmentation technology in the field of ancient architecture, therefore, this paper launches a research on the semantic segmentation method of point cloud of ancient architecture based on weak supervision. Aiming at the problem of small differences between classes of ancient architectural components, this paper introduces a self-attention mechanism, which can effectively distinguish similar components in the neighbourhood. Moreover, this paper explores the insufficiency of positional encoding in baseline and constructs a high-precision point cloud semantic segmentation network model for ancient buildings—Semantic Query Network based on Dual Local Attention (SQN-DLA). Using only 0.1% of the annotations in our homemade dataset and the Architectural Cultural Heritage (ArCH) dataset, the mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) reaches 66.02% and 58.03%, respectively, which is an improvement of 3.51% and 3.91%, respectively, compared to the baseline.
A multi-component intervention to reduce bias during family planning visits: qualitative insights on implementation from Burkina Faso, Pakistan and Tanzania
Authors: Moucheraud Corrina , Wollum Alexandra , Awan Muhammad Ali , Dow William H. , Friedman Willa , Koulidiati Jean-Louis , Sabasaba Amon , Shah Manisha , Wagner Zachary
Published: July 2024

Beyond Bias was an intervention introduced in Burkina Faso, Pakistan and Tanzania, with the aim of reducing health worker bias toward young, unmarried and nulliparous women seeking family planning services. This study used qualitative methods – based on interviews with health workers who participated in the intervention, managers at health facilities that participated in the intervention, and policy and program stakeholders at the national level – to understand implementation experiences with the intervention. The results offer insights for organizations or countries seeking to implement Beyond Bias or similar programs, and point to some other key implementation challenges for multi-component interventions in lower-resource settings. The intervention, developed using a human-centered design approach, was seen as key for successful implementation but there were logistical challenges. The digital intervention was disruptive and distracting to many. In addition, the non-financial rewards intervention was perceived as complex, and some participants expressed feeling discouraged when they did not receive a reward. Beyond Bias did not sufficiently attend to the “outer setting,” and this was perceived as a major implementation barrier as it limited individuals’ capacity to fully achieve the desired behavior change; for example, space constraints meant that some health facilities could not ensure private services for all clients. There were scalability concerns related to cost, and there is uncertainty whether diversity of contexts (within and across countries) might constrain implementation of Beyond Bias at scale.
Discovery of antimalarial drugs from secondary metabolites in actinomycetes culture library
Authors: Teklemichael Awet Alem , Teshima Aiko , Hirata Asahi , Akimoto Momoko , Taniguchi Mayumi , Khodakaramian Gholam , Fujimura Takashi , Tokumasu Fuyuki , Arakawa Kenji , Mizukami Shusaku
Published: July 2024

Background

Natural products play a key role as potential sources of biologically active substances for the discovery of new drugs. This study aimed to identify secondary metabolites from actinomycete library extracts that are potent against the asexual stages of Plasmodiumfalciparum (P.falciparum).

Methods

Secondary metabolites from actinomycete library extracts were isolated from culture supernatants by ethyl acetate extraction. Comprehensive screening was performed to identify novel antimalarial compounds from the actinomycete library extracts (n = 28). The antimalarial activity was initially evaluated in vitro against chloroquine/mefloquine-sensitive (3D7) and-resistant (Dd2) lines of P.falciparum. The cytotoxicity was then evaluated in primary adult mouse brain (AMB) cells.

Results

Out of the 28 actinomycete extracts, 17 showed parasite growth inhibition > 50% at a concentration of 50 µg/mL, nine were identified with an IC50 value < 10 µg/mL, and seven suppressed the parasite significantly with an IC50 value < 5 µg/mL. The extracts from Streptomycesaureus strains HUT6003 (Extract ID number: 2), S.antibioticus HUT6035 (8), and Streptomyces sp. strains GK3 (26) and GK7 (27), were found to have the most potent antimalarial activity with IC50 values of 0.39, 0.09, 0.97, and 0.36 µg/mL (against 3D7), and 0.26, 0.22, 0.72, and 0.21 µg/mL (against Dd2), respectively. Among them, Streptomycesantibioticus strain HUT6035 (8) showed the highest antimalarial activity with an IC50 value of 0.09 µg/mL against 3D7 and 0.22 µg/mL against Dd2, and a selective index (SI) of 188 and 73.7, respectively.

Conclusion

Secondary metabolites obtained from the actinomycete extracts showed promising antimalarial activity in vitro against 3D7 and Dd2 cell lines of P.falciparum with minimal toxicity. Therefore, secondary metabolites obtained from actinomycete extracts represent an excellent starting point for the development of antimalarial drug leads.
Medicolegal assessment of reported female sexual assaults in the Kingdom of Bahrain: record-based descriptive study
Authors: Alfadhel Fatema Abdul-Rahman , Fouda Mohammed Nour El-Din , Awny Mona Mohamed
Published: July 2024

Background

Sexual assault is an important social issue that influences women’s lives. Despite a significant increase in 2018, there is no reliable information available in the Kingdom of Bahrain about female sexual assaults. The aim of this study is to investigate the pattern of reported sexual assaults among living female victims in the Kingdom of Bahrain. All medicolegal reports of sexual assaults in living female victims from 2016 to 2020 were included. Reported cases were studied for sociodemographic data of victims, assailant data, assault circumstances, and medicolegal findings and procedures.

Results

The prevalence of female sexual assault allegations was 7%. During the studied period, there were 272 cases of sexual assault overall. Most cases were in the age group 18–30 years (41.2%). In 58.1% of assaults, the assailant was the boyfriend or partner of the victim. The medicolegal examination took place within 2 days after assault in only 32%. Forensic examination of sexual assault victims revealed extragenital injuries in only 30.9% of cases. Sexual assaults involving mixed penetration occurred in 66.9% of victims, followed by vaginal penetration (30.1%), then anal penetration (2.9%). The final medicolegal opinion confirmed positive assault in 38.6% of allegations and negative assault in 32.4% of allegations, while allegations that have no firm medicolegal conclusion were 29%.

Conclusions

Despite the efforts made in Bahrain, there is an underestimated problem of sexual violence against females which needs a robust multilevel strategy including the roles of education, law, and non-governmental institutions.
Prevalence and determinants of post-stroke psychosis in Aswan: a prospective study
Authors: Al Fawal Bastawy M. , Ahmed Gellan K. , Ibrahim Ahmed K. , Abdelhamed Mohamed A. , Haridy Nourelhoda A.
Published: July 2024

Background

Post-stroke psychosis (PSP) is a rare but serious neuropsychiatric condition characterized by delusions and/or hallucinations following a stroke. Despite its impact on prognosis and quality of life, PSP remains underdiagnosed and undertreated, with limited data on its prevalence and risk factors. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence and determinants of post-stroke psychosis (PSP), as well as to compare PSP and non-PSP patients in terms of improvement and daily living outcomes. This nested case–control study included 2,624 acute stroke patients from a university hospital between May 2017 and April 2022. Patients who developed PSP within 6 months post-stroke were identified as cases (n = 108), and 119 patients without PSP were randomly selected as controls. Comprehensive assessments included clinical, laboratory, and imaging evaluations at baseline. After 6 months, follow-up evaluations were conducted, including neurological examinations, psychiatric assessments, and stroke severity assessments using the Barthel index (BI). The psychiatric assessments included the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for depression and the Mini-Mental State Examination for cognitive status.

Results

The prevalence of PSP was 5.4%. risk factors significantly associated with PSP included older age, male patients, lower education level (≤ 5 years), hemiplegia, sphincter affection, cortical lesion, brain atrophy, small vessel disease, ischemic stroke, post-stroke dementia, and seizures. Non-specified psychosis and delusional disorder were the most common psychosis subtypes. There was a significantly higher percentage of excellent patients in the non-PSP group compared to those who had PSP regarding the observed improvement in the patient's condition. Also, there is a higher percentage of deteriorated patients in the PSP group (46.6%) compared to another group (18.9%) regarding BI.

Conclusion

PSP is a prevalent post-stroke complication associated with distinct risk factors and poor functional outcomes. Early screening and identification of high-risk patients, along with multidisciplinary management strategies, are crucial for optimizing recovery and quality of life in stroke survivors.
Comparing early and delayed [99mTc]Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT parathyroid scans: agreement, confidence levels, and clinical predictive factors
Authors: Buakhao Chanittha , Vachatimanont Sira
Published: July 2024

Background

Parathyroid scan is an important imaging modality for localizing hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue in patients with hyperparathyroidism. Unfortunately, whether early or delayed timing is the optimal protocol for [99mTc]Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT parathyroid remains under debate. This study aimed to evaluate the agreement and compare the confidence levels of physicians when interpreting early and delayed [99mTc]Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT parathyroid scans. Additionally, it sought to identify clinical factors that related to positive scan result. We conducted a prospective study where the early and delayed [99mTc]Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT was separately interpreted as either positive or negative. Furthermore, these interpretations were categorized based on whether they fell within more or less confidence levels of the readers and were correlated with clinical information.

Results

We enrolled 39 patients with hyperparathyroidism with 158 possible locations of parathyroid glands. The per-location agreement between the early and delayed scans was moderate (concordant rate: 80.3%, Kappa = 0.558), and the per-patient agreement was slight (concordant rate: 71.8%, Kappa = 0.093). The confidence of interpretation was significantly higher for the delayed scans. Calcium supplementation, low serum parathyroid hormone levels, and low serum phosphate levels were associated with positive early scans. High calcium level and high parathyroid hormone levels were associated with positive delayed scans.

Conclusions

Our study highlights the impact of the timing of SPECT/CT in [99mTc]Tc-MIBI parathyroid scans. The different confidence levels between early and delayed scans, along with clinical factors, imply that various factors affect parathyroid scan interpretation, and individualized scanning protocols adjusted for specific settings may be needed to optimize the successful localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue.
Expanding telmisartan’s therapeutic horizon: exploring its multifaceted mechanisms beyond cardiovascular disorders
Authors: Ahire Yogesh S. , Bairagi Vinod A. , Somavanshi Deepak B. , Jadhav Smruti R. , Jadhav Swapnil B. , Jagtap Shekhar D.
Published: July 2024

Background

Telmisartan, a potent angiotensin II type-1 receptor blocker as well as partial PPAR–gamma agonist, has emerged as a versatile therapeutic agent with diverse pharmacological actions beyond its primary indication for essential hypertension. This review explores the complex mechanisms of action of telmisartan and clarifies its effectiveness in an inflammation, cancer, metabolic, and CNS disorders.

Main body

Telmisartan inhibits many biochemical processes involved in the control of the cardiovascular system, such as vascular smooth muscle contraction, aldosterone production, and sympathetic tone modulation, by specifically targeting the angiotensin II type-1 receptor. Its distinct partial agonist action toward peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma also imparts anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antioxidant activities, making it a viable treatment for various diabetic patients who have atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction.

Conclusion

Telmisartan's diverse pharmacological actions, encompassing anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, anticancer, and anti-anxiety properties, position it as a promising treatment option for a broad spectrum of medical conditions.
Knockout Transporter Cell Lines to Assess Substrate Potential Towards Efflux Transporters
Authors: Volpe Donna A.
Published: July 2024

P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance transporter 2 (MRP2) are efflux transporters involved in the absorption, excretion, and distribution of drugs. Bidirectional cell assays are recognized models for evaluating the potential of new drugs as substrates or inhibitors of efflux transporters. However, the assays are complicated by a lack of selective substrates and/or inhibitors, as well simultaneous expression of several efflux transporters in cell lines used in efflux models. This project aims to evaluate an in vitro efflux cell assay employing model substrates and inhibitors of P-gp, BCRP and MRP2 with knockout (KO) cell lines. The efflux ratios (ER) of P-gp (digoxin, paclitaxel), BCRP (prazosin, rosuvastatin), MRP2 (etoposide, olmesartan) and mixed (methotrexate, mitoxantrone) substrates were determined in wild-type C2BBe1 and KO cells. For digoxin and paclitaxel, the ER decreased to less than 2 in the cell lines lacking P-gp expression. The ER decreased to less than 3 for prazosin and less than 2 for rosuvastatin in the cell lines lacking BCRP expression. For etoposide and olmesartan, the ER decreased to less than 2 in the cell lines lacking MRP2 expression. The ER of methotrexate and mitoxantrone decreased in single- and double-KO cells without BCRP and MRP2 expression. These results show that KO cell lines have the potential to better interpret complex drug-transporter interactions without depending upon multi-targeted inhibitors or overlapping substrates. For drugs that are substrates of multiple transporters, the single- and double-KO cells may be used to assess their affinities for the different transporters.

Graphical Abstract
Improving the Risk Prediction of the 2015 ATA Recurrence Risk Stratification in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Wang Hongxi , Li Qianrui , Tian Tian , Liu Bin , Tian Rong
Published: July 2024

Background

Various prognostic factors are expected to refine the American Thyroid Association recurrence risk stratification for patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). However, it remains unclear to what extent integrating these factors improves patient treatment decision-making.

Methods

We developed 2 predictive models for structural incomplete response (SIR) at the 1-year follow-up visit, based on comprehensive clinical data from a retrospective cohort of 2539 patients. Model 1 included the recurrence risk stratification and lymph node features (ie, number and ratio of metastatic lymph nodes, N stage). Model 2 further incorporated preablation stimulated thyroglobulin (s-Tg). An independent cohort of 746 patients was used for validation analysis. We assessed the models’ predictive performance compared to the recurrence risk stratification using the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and the continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI). The clinical utility of the models was evaluated using decision curve analysis.

Results

Both model 1 and model 2 outperformed the recurrence risk stratification in predicting SIR, with improved correct classification rates (model 1: IDI = 0.02, event NRI = 42.31%; model 2: IDI = 0.07, event NRI = 53.54%). The decision curves indicated that both models provided greater benefits over the risk stratification system in clinical decision-making. In the validation set, model 2 maintained similar performance while model 1 did not significantly improve correct reclassification.

Conclusion

The inclusion of lymph node features and s-Tg showed potential to enhance the predictive accuracy and clinical utility of the existing risk stratification system for PTC patients.
Potential Differences in Psychedelic Actions Based on Biological Sex
Authors: Shadani Sheida , Conn Kyna , Andrews Zane B , Foldi Claire J
Published: July 2024

The resurgence of interest in psychedelics as treatments for psychiatric disorders necessitates a better understanding of potential sex differences in response to these substances. Sex as a biological variable (SABV) has been historically neglected in medical research, posing limits to our understanding of treatment efficacy. Human studies have provided insights into the efficacy of psychedelics across various diagnoses and aspects of cognition, yet sex-specific effects remain unclear, making it difficult to draw strong conclusions about sex-dependent differences in response to psychedelic treatments. Compounding this further, animal studies used to understand biological mechanisms of psychedelics predominantly use one sex and present mixed neurobiological and behavioral outcomes. Studies that do include both sexes often do not investigate sex differences further, which may hinder the translation of findings to the clinic. In reviewing sex differences in responses to psychedelics, we will highlight the direct interaction between estrogen (the most extensively studied steroid hormone) and the serotonin system (central to the mechanism of action of psychedelics), and the potential that estrogen-serotonin interactions may influence the efficacy of psychedelics in female participants. Estrogen influences serotonin neurotransmission by affecting its synthesis and release, as well as modulating the sensitivity and responsiveness of serotonin receptor subtypes in the brain. This could potentially influence the efficacy of psychedelics in females by modifying their therapeutic efficacy across menstrual cycles and developmental stages. Investigating this interaction in the context of psychedelic research could aid in the advancement of therapeutic outcomes, especially for conditions with sex-specific prevalence.
Structural idiosyncrasies of glycyl T-box riboswitches among pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Giarimoglou Nikoleta , Kouvela Adamantia , Zhang Jinwei , Stamatopoulou Vassiliki , Stathopoulos Constantinos
Published: July 2024

T-box riboswitches are widespread bacterial regulatory noncoding RNAs that directly interact with tRNAs and switch conformations to regulate the transcription or translation of genes related to amino acid metabolism. Recent studies in Bacilli have revealed the core mechanisms of T-boxes that enable multivalent, specific recognition of both the identity and aminoacylation status of the tRNA substrates. However, in-depth knowledge on a vast number of T-boxes in other bacterial species remains scarce, although a remarkable structural diversity, particularly among pathogens, is apparent. In the present study, analysis of T-boxes that control the transcription of glycyl–tRNA synthetases from four prominent human pathogens revealed significant structural idiosyncrasies. Nonetheless, these diverse T-boxes maintain functional T-box:tRNAGlyinteractions both in vitro and in vivo. Probing analysis not only validated recent structural observations, but also expanded our knowledge on the substantial diversities among T-boxes and suggest interesting distinctions from the canonical Bacilli T-boxes. Surprisingly, some glycyl T-boxes seem to redirect the T-box trajectory in the absence of recognizable K-turns or contain Stem II modules that are generally absent in glycyl T-boxes. These results consolidate the notion of a lineage-specific diversification and elaboration of the T-box mechanism and corroborate the potential of T-boxes as promising species-specific RNA targets for next-generation antibacterial compounds.
Διερεύνηση της διακύμανσης της ενεργότητας και κατανομής μεγέθους ραδιενεργών ιχνηθετών στο ατμοσφαιρικό αερόλυμα
Authors: Δαλάκα Αικατερίνη
Published: July 2024

Η παρούσα Διδακτορική Διατριβή βασίζεται στην ανάλυση περιβαλλοντικών δειγμάτων και συγκεκριμένα δειγμάτων ατμοσφαιρικού αερολύματος όπως αυτά συλλέχθηκαν από τον σταθμό μέτρησης ποιότητας ατμοσφαιρικού αερολύματος του Εργαστηρίου Ραδιενέργειας Περιβάλλοντος του ΕΚΕΦΕ «Δημόκριτος», με στόχο τον προσδιορισμό των περιεχόμενων σε αυτά ραδιενεργών ισοτόπων. Για τον προσδιορισμό των ραδιενεργών ισοτόπων εφαρμόσθηκαν φασματοσκοπικές τεχνικές – κυρίως τεχνικές γ-φασματοσκοπικής ανάλυσης. Από τα αποτελέσματα των αναλύσεων προέκυψαν σημαντικά συμπεράσματα σχετικά με την κατανομή των σωματιδίων του ατμοσφαιρικού αερολύματος, με την προτίμηση ισοτόπων στο να επικάθονται σε ορισμένο εύρος μεγεθών αιωρούμενων σωματιδίων αλλά και με την κίνηση αερίων μαζών. Ακόμα, μελετήθηκε η επίδραση διάφορων περιβαλλοντικών παραμέτρων (θερμοκρασία, σχετική υγρασία, ατμοσφαιρική πίεση κλπ) στα σωματίδια του ατμοσφαιρικού αερολύματος. Τέλος μελετήθηκαν και τα ισότοπα τα οποία εκπέμπονται στο ατμοσφαιρικό αερόλυμα στις περιπτώσεις καύσης βιομάζας και μεταφοράς αφρικανικής σκόνης και εξετάσθηκε το ενδεχόμενο ύπαρξης ισοτόπων-ιχνηθετών τέτοιου είδους διεργασιών. Παράλληλα υπό μορφή ανάλυσης συγκεκριμένων περιπτώσεων μελετήθηκαν και οι εκπομπές ισοτόπων που σχετίζονται με ραδιολογικά ατυχήματα και δοκιμάσθηκε να ερμηνευτεί η όποια διακύμανση εμφανίστηκε στις συγκεντρώσεις τους.
Ο χώρος του μουσείου-μνημείου ως εκθεσιακός και πολιτιστικός χώρος
Authors: Μαυρουδή Μαριάννα
Published: July 2024

Η διδακτορική αυτή διατριβή επικεντρώνεται στη σημασία των μουσείων-μνημείων και των εκθέσεων που αναπαριστούν τραυματικά γεγονότα από εγκλήματα κατά της ανθρωπότητας, εξετάζοντας τις θεματικές της μνήμης, του τραύματος και της αναπαράστασης. Το κύριο αντικείμενο της έρευνας περιλαμβάνει την ανάλυση τριών μουσείων: του Jewish Museum στο Βερολίνο, του Armenian Genocide Museum στην Υερεβάν και του Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum στη Χιροσίμα, μέσω μιας αισθητικής, φιλοσοφικής, ψυχολογικής και μουσειολογικής προσέγγισης. Στο πρώτο μέρος, εξετάζονται σε θεωρητικό πλαίσιο οι έννοιες της μνήμης και του τραύματος εστιάζοντας σε θέσεις μεγάλων φιλοσόφων όπως ο Αριστοτέλης, ο Husserl, ο Freud, και ο Halbwachs. Το δεύτερο μέρος, επικεντρώνεται στην ιστορία των πολέμων και των γενοκτονιών και αναλύει τις πρακτικές των τριών μουσείων. Στο τρίτο μέρος, διερευνώνται οι θεωρητικές προσεγγίσεις των Benjamin και Adorno σχετικά με τη μνήμη μετά το Άουσβιτς και ο ρόλος της τέχνης στην κατανόηση του τραύματος. Η διατριβή καταλήγει σε μια μουσειολογική ανάλυση των εκθεσιακών πρακτικών των τριών μουσείων, εξετάζοντας πώς τα μουσεία αναπαριστούν τραυματικά γεγονότα και ενισχύουν τη συλλογική μνήμη. Ο στόχος της έρευνας είναι να αποδείξει εάν είναι δεοντολογικό να εκτίθενται τέτοια γεγονότα στα μουσεία και ποιοι είναι οι πιο ορθοί τρόποι να γίνει αυτό, ώστε να επιτευχθεί το λεγόμενο «Ποτέ ξανά».
PHILOSOPHICAL AND ETHICAL METHODOLOGY OF L. I. PETRAZYSKI’S LAW THEORY
Authors: Erokhin Aleksey K.
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the large-scale L. I. Petrazyski’s theory of law, which is filled with new ideas that introduced into methodology, psychology and philosophy of law.
 The article is targeted to explore the mental structure of consciousness developed by Petrazyski, which is adaptable to a wide range of legal norms and subjective standards for assessing the content of legal experience.
Methodology and methods. The dialectical method of discussion was used, supplemented by the deductive method and the method of critical analysis.
Results. According to Petrazyski, law itself contains a dichotomy of individual imperative and external instructions for fulfilling duties. Understanding of internal imperative is formed in the mind under the influence of legal experience gained in everyday life. On this basis, an intuitive right is formed that determines a person’s attitude to social activities and personal behavior. The idea of ​​intuitive law runs through all of Petrazycki’s works, which gives him the opportunity to build the concept of a historically inextricable connection between morality and law, resulting in the correct formation of legal norms, changes in social life, and movement towards the common good and justice. It is concluded that Petrazyski’s main contribution to the theory and philosophy of law lies in his firm belief in the unity of law, morality and psychology, as a distinctive characteristic of intuitive law from positive law.
Practical implication. The results of the work can be used for further research into Petrazyski’s philosophical and legal ideas of law.
TERM FORMATION IN THE LEXICAL-SEMANTIC FIELD “CHEMICAL ENGINEERING” IN MODERN ENGLISH: STRUCTURAL AND DERIVATIONAL ASPECTS
Authors: Zyablova Nataliya N.
Published: July 2024

Background. In modern linguistics, research is being carried out on the methods of term formation in the lexical-semantic fields of various spheres of human activity.
The purpose of the article is to study term formation in modern English in the lexical-semantic field “chemical engineering” based on structural and derivational aspects. The structural aspect means component analysis, which allows us to identify the number of special lexical units in a terminological combination.
Materials and methods. A sample of special lexical units (363) from English-language articles in the chemical industry is presented as material for the study. Descriptive, structural, typological, as well as the method of component analysis were used to study the material.
Results. The most common and less common structural models have been identified based on the partial compatibility of components, as well as the lexical length of special lexical units, i.e. the number of components in a terminological combination. The morphological features of special lexical units have been determined. Analysis of grammatical derivation allowed us to identify linear models, including affixation and compounding, as well as non-linear models represented by abbreviations, for example, abbreviations, combinations with abbreviations, nomenclature units, combinations with nomenclature units and word mergers with truncation of word stems. The semantic aspect of the analysis of special lexical units allowed us to identify a few anthroponyms, as well as units with internal predication.
Scope of application of the results. The results of the study can be used for further research on term formation in lexical-semantic fields.
MANIPULATION AS A TYPE OF SPEECH INFLUENCE IN SPORTS ARTICLE
Authors: Pavlova Ksenia A.
Published: July 2024

Background. The article focuses on the manipulative influence issues in sports analytical articles. Nowadays our life is significantly affected by sport and key sports events are covered by mass media. Since one of the major functions of mass media is the function to influence the reader, an attempt to analyze the mechanisms of manipulation within the framework of sports discourse seems to be reasonable. Based on the theoretical research study, it is established that manipulation is primarily characterized by its covert nature. In the practical part an analysis of linguistic ways of representation of manipulation on lexical and syntactical levels is given.
Purpose. The purpose of the study is to define the mechanisms of manipulation in sports analytical articles and to analyze their linguistic side.
Materials and methods. The research material comprises 7 sports analytical articles of 2024 taken from digital versions of the British magazines such as The Guardian and The Sun. The main research methods include analysis and synthesis of theoretical materials, discourse and contextual analysis together with descriptive method. The methods enumerated have given an opportunity to obtain accurate data on linguistic representation of various ways of manipulation in sports discourse.
Results. The results of the study have shown that sports analytical articles possess a significant potential to influence the reader due to some manipulative methods such as hedges, labels, first person pronoun in a plural form, rhetorical questions and multiplication. The ways of linguistic representation of these manipulative methods are analyzed.
Practical implications. The research results can be used for further investigation of ways of manipulation within sports analytical articles as well as in the development of courses on speech influence and sports discourse.
“NIGHT” AND “MOON” CONCEPTS IN E. YOUNG’S POEM NIGHT THOUGHTS AND THEIR TRANSFORMATION IN TRANSLATIONS (FRENCH AND RUSSIAN)
Authors: Stroilova Alevtina G.
Published: July 2024

The article discusses the "night" and "moon" concepts based on the material of the English poem Night thoughts and its translations into French and Russian.
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the specifics of the functioning of the "night" and "moon" concepts in the English original text and its transformation in the translations.
Materials and methods. The original text of the poem Night thoughts, as well as its translations into French (translated by P. Letourneur) and Russian (translations by A.M. Kutuzov, S.N. Glinka, P.S. Politkovsky) were selected as research materials. Component, contextual, comparative and conceptual methods were used in the study.
Results. As a result of the analysis of the poem and the translations, it can be concluded that the "night" and "moon" concepts are personified both in the original and in the translations; on the one hand they are inextricably linked, on the other hand, they are not equal to each other. The translations into French and Russian preserve the main interpretations of these concepts, while strengthening their emotional component and connection with the lyrical hero of the poem.
Practical implication. The results of the study can be used in classes on cognitive linguistics, as well as in the study of the dialogue of cultures.
Rank-One Boolean Tensor Factorization and the Multilinear Polytope
Authors: Del Pia Alberto , Khajavirad Aida
Published: July 2024

We consider the NP-hard problem of finding the closest rank-one binary tensor to a given binary tensor, which we refer to as the rank-one Boolean tensor factorization (BTF) problem. This optimization problem can be used to recover a planted rank-one tensor from noisy observations. We formulate rank-one BTF as the problem of minimizing a linear function over a highly structured multilinear set. Leveraging on our prior results regarding the facial structure of multilinear polytopes, we propose novel linear programming relaxations for rank-one BTF. We then establish deterministic sufficient conditions under which our proposed linear programs recover a planted rank-one tensor. To analyze the effectiveness of these deterministic conditions, we consider a semirandom model for the noisy tensor and obtain high probability recovery guarantees for the linear programs. Our theoretical results as well as numerical simulations indicate that certain facets of the multilinear polytope significantly improve the recovery properties of linear programming relaxations for rank-one BTF.

Funding: A. Del Pia is partially funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Grant FA9550-23-1-0433]. A. Khajavirad is partially funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Grant FA9550-23-1-0123].
Mutualistic relationship between Baird´s tapir Tapirus bairdii and brown basilisk Basiliscus basiliscus at Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica
Authors: Paniagua Dionisio , Mora José Manuel
Published: July 2024

Algunas relaciones simbióticas, como el mutualismo, benefician a los individuos de las especies involucradas.  Aunque existen registros de animales que se alimentan de organismos hematófagos que infestan a otros vertebrados, los casos de reptiles que se alimentan sobre mamíferos son escasos.  Aquí reportamos el caso del cherepo, Basiliscus basiliscus alimentándose sobre la danta, Tapirus bairdii, en Costa Rica.  Las observaciones se llevaron a cabo en el Parque Nacional Corcovado, Costa Rica donde uno de los autores (D. Paniagua) realiza excursiones con grupos de turistas.  Durante tales excursiones, se ha observado a basiliscos en la espalda de tapires cazando tábanos (Tabanidae) que aterrizan en ellos para alimentarse de su sangre.  Se obtuvieron al menos 10 observaciones de este comportamiento entre basiliscos y tapires.  Estos casos se observaron con mayor frecuencia en días calurosos y cuando hay suficiente agua en los charcos u otras fuentes.  Cuando los tapires descansan en lugares secos, no se ha observado la presencia de basiliscos.  Este comportamiento tiene como objetivo alimentarse de tábanos hembra, que constantemente acosan a los tapires intentando posarse y alimentarse de su sangre.  El cherepo obtiene alimento y ayuda a los tapires al reducir las picaduras dolorosas de los tábanos y la propagación potencial de enfermedades.  Este comportamiento mutualista no había sido descrito anteriormente para ninguna de estas 2 especies.
New record of Cryptotis mayensis in the Gulf of México coastal plains
Authors: Pineda-Vásquez Alejandra B. , Jiménez-Prudencio Marina E. , González-Morales Janier H. , Velázquez-Damas José A. , Delfín-Alfonso Christian A. , Hidalgo-Mihart Mircea G.
Published: July 2024

La musaraña de orejas pequeñas de Yucatán, Cryptotis mayensis (Merriam, 1901), es una musaraña poco conocida que habita en tierras bajas cubiertas por bosques tropicales en la Península de Yucatán en México, así como en Guatemala y Belice.  Como parte de un estudio de evaluación de poblaciones de roedores en plantaciones de palma de aceite (Elaeis guineensis), se capturó un ejemplar de C. mayensis al interior de una plantación joven de palma que está localizada en la Planicie costera del Golfo de México en los límites de Tabasco y Campeche.  El registro de la especie se encuentra a 60 km al norte de los registros más cercanos de la especie, lo que extiende el área de distribución de ésta; además, debido a que el ejemplar fue capturado en un monocultivo rodeado de pastizales para la ganadería, podría indicar que C. mayensis tiene capacidad de habitar en sitios con alta perturbación.
Presence of Neotropical otter, Lontra longicaudis annectens, on Champotón River Banks, Campeche
Authors: López-Ruiz Javier I. , Delgado-Estrella Alberto , Vázquez-Maldonado Laura E. , Poot-Delgado Carlos A.
Published: July 2024

Derivado del extenso territorio en el que habita la nutria neotropical, además de conocer la importancia ecológica de esta especie, se realizó un monitoreo durante un año en la ribera del río Champotón después de 22 años del único registro documentado en el área de estudio con la finalidad de confirmar la presencia de la nutria neotropical Lontra longicaudis annectens.  Durante 3 temporadas climáticas (nortes de 2019, secas y lluvias de 2020) se realizaron recorridos a bordo de una embarcación a lo largo de los 30 km navegables del río Champotón.  Se colectaron evidencias directas e indirectas de la presencia de nutrias debidamente georreferenciadas.  Adicionalmente se registró la temperatura y la salinidad del agua de estos sitios.  La temperatura registrada fue de 30 ± 3 °C y la salinidad de 0-8 ppm.  Se recolectaron 33 evidencias indirectas tales como comederos y heces: 22 en la temporada de nortes (2019), 5 en la temporada de secas y 6 en temporada de lluvias (2020), además de un avistamiento en la temporada de nortes (2019).  Se analizaron las evidencias indirectas, confirmando los hábitos de alimentación basados en crustáceos y peces de la zona.  Las condiciones ambientales, de alimentación, flora y fauna del río Champotón, fueron propicias para confirmar la presencia de L. l. annectens, a poco más de 2 décadas de su primer registro en el área de estudio; sin embargo, se debe poner atención a las afectaciones antrópicas
First record of melanism in the northern palm squirrel Funambulus pennantii in Delhi, India
Authors: Puri Kanchan , Joshi Ritesh
Published: July 2024

El melanismo es un fenómeno poco común en los animales y es causado por un desarrollo excesivo de pigmentos oscuros (melanina) que produce un oscurecimiento de la piel y el pelo de los animales.  En esta nota, informamos e ilustramos una observación de melanismo en una ardilla de palma del norte, Funambulus pennantii, en un parque urbano, Siri Fort Park, en el Territorio de la Capital Nacional de Delhi, al norte de la India.  Durante los estudios de campo se observó una ardilla de las palmeras del norte con melanismo.  El individuo era parcialmente negro, con cabeza, cuello, orejas y extremidades anteriores negruzcas, mientras que, la parte trasera del cuerpo y la cola tenían un color normal.  Debido a que no se han reportado casos de melanismo en la ardilla de la palma del norte en la región, esta nota constituye el primer registro de la presencia de la ardilla de la palma de cinco rayas con melanismo en el Territorio de la Unión de Delhi.  Lo anterior abrirá nuevas dimensiones en la historia natural de la especie.  Se necesitan más estudios que ayuden a comprender este fenómeno raro en la especie, y las implicaciones ecológicas y fisiológicas, como la supervivencia, de las poblaciones de las especies.
New record of the Neotropical otter (Lontra longicaudis) in the forests of the Río Sapo basin, El Salvador
Authors: Pocasangre-Orellana Xochilt , Álvarez Francisco S.
Published: July 2024

La nutria neotropical Lontra longicaudis es una especie poco estudiada en El Salvador y nuestro conocimiento sobre la especie es escaso. El objetivo de esta investigación fue registrar la presencia ocasional de L. longicaudis en la cuenca de Río Sapo, El Salvador.  El trabajo de campo se llevó a cabo entre agosto y septiembre de 2022 usando 20 cámaras trampa en la cuenca de Río Sapo.  Reportamos las primeras fotografías y video de 2 individuos de L. longicaudis dentro del bosque en la cuenca de Río Sapo.  Confirmamos la ocurrencia de L. longicaudis en la cuenca de Río Sapo utilizando el bosque, mostrando la importancia de considerar bosques adyacentes a cuerpos de agua para el estudio y monitoreo de esta especie.
EU ESTAVA AQUI O TEMPO TODO E SÓ VOCÊ NÃO VIU
Authors: FROTA FILHO ARMANDO BRITO DA
Published: July 2024

O artigo versa sobre o uso de jogos eletrônicos como ferramenta para o ensino de geografia física, como disciplinas de Geomorfologia. Assim, os objetivos foram: 1) Discutir a utilização de jogos comerciais no processo de ensino-aprendizagem e sua importância no ensino de Geografia e Geografia Física; 2) Caracterizar o potencial do Minecraft como recurso metodológico; 3) Elaborar uma proposta didática associando o uso do Minecraft com conceitos de Geomorfologia, a partir do sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental vinculado às competências e habilidades da BNCC. Para tanto, a metodologia consistiu em um levantamento e revisão de literatura sobre os temas de Geografia Escolar, Geografia de jogos e Ensino de Geografia Física, o uso da matriz FOFA/SWOT para caracterizar os pontos fortes, fracos, ameaças e oportunidades do Minecraft como ferramenta educacional. Como resultado, destaca-se que os jogos são ferramentas que podem desenvolver alunos-jogadores e alunos-protagonistas no ensino, além de proporcionar ludicidade a temas mais difíceis. Outra questão observada é a possível dificuldade de alunos e professores em relação ao uso das tecnologias. E o professor faz parte do processo, sendo tanto o idealizador e quem contextualiza a proposta para a escola, quanto um mediador no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. O Minecraft como recurso voltado para a Geografia é uma ferramenta preciosa, com possibilidades que não se limitam ao conteúdo do sexto ano, ou temas voltados à geomorfologia, porém deve estar associado à parte teórica da aula e ao cotidiano.