bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CIAC: adopting postconflict strategies
Authors: Hernández Juan Dario , Calderón Juan Camilo , Rodríguez Iván Felipe , Bayona Jaime Andrés
Published: December 2019

Learning outcomes

Identify the influence of contextual variables (i.e. politics) in the strategy of a military organisation. Analyse and evaluate strategic change options of a military organisation. Decide on a strategic change from the resources and capabilities model.

Case overview/synopsis

Colombia Aeronautics Industry Corporation (CIAC) is a Colombian mixed economy company that commercialises, maintains and repairs civil and military aircraft and aeronautical components. The case presents the decision that the manager must make regarding a change in corporate strategy because of the entry into force of the peace agreement between the Government of Colombia and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). This agreement assumes that the main line of business of the CIAC would be weakened (i.e. repair of military aircraft used in the internal armed conflict with FARC), because in a new peace scenario, the aircraft would not need as much maintenance as in the most critical stages of the conflict.

Complexity academic level

Master of Business Administration level (suggested courses: strategy, strategic management and organisational change). Undergraduate level (suggested courses: strategy and organisational change).

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code

CSS 11: Strategy.
Crowdfunding success: the role of co-creation, feedback, and corporate social responsibility
Authors: Mastrangelo Leonardo , Cruz-Ros Sonia , Miquel-Romero Maria-Jose
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that determine two forms of crowdfunding campaign success: success in securing the necessary financial resources and personal success in terms of the entrepreneur’s satisfaction. Specifically, it studies factors linked to the relationship between entrepreneurs and funders (co-creation and feedback) and factors linked to the campaign’s content (dimensions of corporate social responsibility (CSR)).

Design/methodology/approach

An empirical study of 52 crowdfunding entrepreneurs was conducted. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis was performed.

Findings

For financial and personal success, all factors, except the social dimension of CSR, are necessary conditions. Two configurations are sufficient for entrepreneurs to achieve financial success. The first configuration that is sufficient for personal success is the same as the first configuration for financial success. The second configuration for personal success is similar to the second configuration for financial success, except that it also includes financial success itself.

Research limitations/implications

Entrepreneurs should invest in CSR and seek to improve the quality of their relationships with their funders. Crowdfunding platforms should design and manage co-creation and feedback tools that are capable of providing deep knowledge of users’ opinions and concerns whilst generating value. The limitations of this study are that only the reward-based crowdfunding model was considered, and the data covered just two platforms.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by presenting empirical analysis of the factors that influence financial success and personal success in reward-based crowdfunding. It examines aspects that strictly refer to the content of the project and aspects that refer to the entrepreneur–funder relationship. Specifically, the roles of the four dimensions of CSR were considered. Moreover, the fsQCA method provides a fresh approach to research in this area.
Diagnosis of delivery vulnerability in a logistics system for logistics risk management
Authors: Wu Pei-Ju , Chaipiyaphan Pattra
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Delivery vulnerability is a critically important theme in logistics risk management. However, while logistics service providers often collect and retain massive amounts of logistics data, they seldom utilize such information to diagnose recurrent day-to-day logistics risks. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to investigate delivery vulnerabilities in a logistics system using its own accumulated data.

Design/methodology/approach

This study utilizes pragmatic business analytics to derive insights on logistics risk management from operations data in a logistics system. Additionally, normal accident theory informs the discussion of its management implications.

Findings

This study’s analytical results reveal that a tightly coupled logistics system can align with normal accident theory. Specifically, the vulnerabilities of such a system comprise not only multi-components but also interactive ones.

Research limitations/implications

The tailored business analytics comprise a research foundation for logistics risk management. Additionally, the important research implications of this study’s analytical results arrived at via such results’ integration with normal accident theory demonstrate the value of that theory to logistics risk management.

Practical implications

The trade-offs between logistics risk and logistics-system efficiency should be carefully evaluated. Moreover, improvements to such systems’ internal resilience can help to alleviate potential logistics vulnerabilities.

Originality/value

This pioneering analytical study scrutinizes the critical vulnerability issues of a logistics service provider and therefore represents a valuable contribution to the field of logistics risk management. Moreover, it provides a guide to retrieving valuable insights from existing stockpiles of delivery-vulnerability data.
Intrapreneurship: outside the project box and into the unknown
Authors: Feldmann Anna , Teuteberg Frank
Published: December 2019

Purpose

This study aims to illustrate the current understanding of the concept of intrapreneurship by comparing it with that of a traditional project.

Design/methodology/approach

A meta-model was used to demonstrate how the two concepts overlap and what differences exist. Furthermore, a case study was conducted with an IT service provider from the banking sector in which 12 qualitative interviews with intrapreneurs were held and used to summarize the differences between projects and intrapreneurship initiatives from the intrapreneurs’ point of view.

Findings

This study identified two major differences: First, unlike in projects, the client has no clear objective in intrapreneurship; rather, only the sponsors maintain a general goal. Second, intrapreneurship allows for circumventing constraints and thus for working with more freedom and the possibility of failure.

Originality/value

This study used an explanatory model to summarize differences and clarify the concept of intrapreneurship.
Market power and stability of financial institutions: evidence from the Italian banking sector
Authors: Barra Cristian , Zotti Roberto
Published: December 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the relationship between bank market power and stability of financial institutions in Italy between 2001 and 2012. The authors first test the existence of a U-shaped relationship between market power and financial stability. Second, they regress the market share indicator on bank risk-taking to underline whether financial stability is affected by increasing or decreasing the market power of banks. Third, they explore whether this relationship is affected by the size, level of capitalization and credit insolvency of banks.

Design/methodology/approach

Relying on highly territorially disaggregated data at labor market areas level, the authors estimate the impact of bank market power and other explanatory variables on a proxy of risk taking behavior such as the banking “stability inefficiency” derived simultaneously from the estimation of a stability stochastic frontier. Bank market power is taken into account through an individual measure based on loans. Financial stability is calculated through the Z-score. The authors use, as risk-taking measure, the stability inefficiency whose estimation approach is the stochastic frontier analysis.

Findings

The empirical evidence shows that the inefficiency of financial stability is found to be U-shaped related with respect to the measure of market power. Bank size is an essential factor in explaining the relationship between bank market power and risk-taking. Cooperative banks have fewer incentives to gain market power to better perform in term of risks. The reform of the cooperative banks that took recently place in Italy is not supported by the data.

Originality/value

The relationship between bank market power and financial stability has been analyzed using a rich sample of cooperative, commercial and popular banks in Italy over the 2001-2012 period. The authors rely on labor market areas being sub-regional geographical areas where the bulk of the labor force lives and works. The paper investigates the market power-stability link considering both cooperative and non-cooperative banks. Indeed, specific attention has been paid on cooperative banks because of their mission in favor of the local community as only few studies, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, examine cooperative banking.
Defining inclusionary intelligence: a conceptual framework with a constructivist perspective
Authors: Berber Aykut
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine inclusion as subjectively created knowledge individuals generate through their interactions within a social environment. The main purpose is to introduce an inclusion-related conceptualisation of intelligence by means of which an individual evaluates, understands and engages in action in a work-setting in order to achieve efficient outcomes while feeling belonged and unique in a work-setting.

Design/methodology/approach

Aiming at explaining a phenomenon and building a conceptual framework from the subjective perspective of a particular individual at work, such as a team member, the philosophical assumption embedded in this paper is social constructivism.

Findings

A substantive conclusion drawn in this paper is the importance of an individual’s personal resources, such as optimism, resilience, self-efficacy and positive psychology, to evaluate situational conditions, and take necessary actions, which in turn determines how included that individual feels in a work-setting. Moreover, dyadic interactions are also substantial, and one-to-one communication in every dyad is essential for the “co-construction” of an individual’s inclusion.

Research limitations/implications

A scale development effort to explore and validate a construct for inclusionary intelligence and its domains can be suggested for future research.

Practical implications

While management literature, in general, lays much emphasis on managing diversity in team and organisations, this paper puts stress on the perspective of the individual at work.

Originality/value

The paper elaborates on the nature of inclusion with a social constructivist paradigm and approaches inclusion as a feeling, an experience, a subjective interpretation of one’s own position in a work-setting and an important predictor of one’s job satisfaction and well-being at work.
Are corporate social responsibility disclosures relevant for lenders? Empirical evidence from France
Authors: Hamrouni Amal , Uyar Ali , Boussaada Rim
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to test whether or not CSR disclosure (i.e. aggregate as well as its three sub-indicators) reduces the cost of debt for French corporations listed in the SBF 120 index between 2010 and 2015.

Design/methodology/approach

CSR disclosure ratings of firms were collected from the Bloomberg database under three dimensions such as environmental, social and governance (ESG). Then, a pooled regression analysis was run.

Findings

The results indicate that overall CSR disclosure score as a combination of ESG disclosure scores has a negative effect on the cost of debt (i.e. lowers the cost of debt). While environmental disclosure is negatively associated with the cost of debt, social disclosure is unexpectedly positively associated, and governance disclosure has an insignificant association with the cost of debt.

Research limitations/implications

The study has two main limitations. First, the analysis does not consider contractual constraints and obligations that might exist in debt contracts (Jung et al., 2018). Second, the analyses cover a specific time period (i.e. between 2010 and 2015) for a specific country (i.e. France) excluding utilities and the financial sector.

Practical implications

Overall, it is inferred from the results that financial markets for lenders take into account CSR disclosure when assessing the creditworthiness of borrowers. Specifically, environmental disclosure is the only subdimension of CSR that is influential on creditors’ decisions to offer favorable interest rates. In line with this outcome, companies can assess their processes and be more aligned with eco-friendly practices, and investors are particularly advised to invest in those types of firms.

Originality/value

This study extends scant literature on the association between CSR and the cost of debt by exploring how creditors treat CSR dimensions dissimilarly in granting loans to firms. The findings of this study have particular importance as financial debt is one of the most predominant forms of external financing.
Customer stewardship behavior and stewardship fatigue: a conceptual framework
Authors: Singh Baljeet , Tiwari Amit Anand
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to develop the concept of customer stewardship fatigue (CSF) in service marketing literature; second, to reveal three processes through which CSF arises; and third, to identify contextual resources that can accentuate or diminish the processes, thereby influencing the development of CSF in service employees.

Design/methodology/approach

This conceptual paper builds on the job-demand resource model and the conservation of resources theory to identify positive and negative contextual resources that can accentuate or diminish the translation of a frontline service employee’s (FLSEs) stewardship orientation into stewardship fatigue (SF).

Findings

The findings highlight how low perceived organizational support, low customer gratitude and high customer cynicism could create situations in which display of stewardship behaviors will be associated with SF.

Practical implications

The paper can aid practitioners to formulate strategies that can curb the development of SF among FLSEs and help service organizations maintain healthy relationships with customers.

Originality/value

The authors fill an important gap in the literature with regard to stewardship through this study. Though researchers have attempted to broaden the concept of stewardship, they have failed to explain the costs and challenges that might be associated with the frequent display of stewardship behaviors. The SF framework developed herein closes this gap, and conceptually develops an early understanding of the negative consequences of continuous engagement in stewardship behaviors.
A practical example of using theoretical sampling throughout a grounded theory study
Authors: Ligita Titan , Harvey Nichole , Wicking Kristin , Nurjannah Intansari , Francis Karen
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the practical use of theoretical sampling as a method for selecting data that provide a richer and deeper understanding of the phenomenon being investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

Theoretical sampling is a well-known method in grounded theory studies to seek additional data based on concepts developed from initial data analysis. This method involves following where the data have led to expand and refine the evolving theory during the analytical process. However, there is a dearth of information detailing the practical steps needed to undertake theoretical sampling.

Findings

The authors used the theoretical sampling method in their study in four ways: asking additional interview questions and/or widening the scope of existing interview questions; recruiting participants with additional diversity of attributes within the same group; and adding a new group of participants and expanding research settings.

Originality/value

Theoretical sampling is a valuable and practical method for the purpose of addressing gaps in the data in qualitative research. When using theoretical sampling, it is essential to consider potential strategies for countering challenges that may arise. Practical recommendations are offered on the use of theoretical sampling during data analysis, for the purpose of achieving theoretical integration.
Do banking sector concentration, banking sector development and equity market development influence firms’ financial flexibility? Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Mahmood Yasin , Ahmad Maqsood , Rizwan Faisal , Rashid Abdul
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of banking sector concentration, banking sector development and equity market development in corporate financial flexibility (FF).

Design/methodology/approach

The study used annual data for the period from 1991 to 2014 to examine the relationship between banking sector concentration, banking sector development, equity market development and corporate FF; hypotheses were tested using an unbalanced panel logistic regression model.

Findings

The paper provides empirical insights into the relationships between macroeconomic factors and corporate FF. The results suggest a substantial change in FF across firms; banking sector concentration discourages firms from borrowing, leading to the reduction of corporate borrowing, consequently an increase in FF can be observed. Banking sector development facilitates debt financing, hence reducing FF. Equity market development also has a positive impact on FF, as it is a substitute for debt financing.

Practical implications

The banking sector is an important provider of capital to business entities. A concentrated banking system discourages the provision of capital to firms; hence regulators have to take appropriate measures to resolve the problem of a reduced supply of capital. Banking sector development facilitates the provision of capital; further development may reduce bank lending rates to firms. Equity market development positively affects FF; hence, firm managers can use equity financing to resume FF. By following pecking order theory, managers use internal sources to finance value-maximizing investment projects, debt and issue shares as the last choice to get financing. When borrowing capacity is depleted, managers can obtain further funds by issuing stocks.

Originality/value

FF is an emergent area of research in advanced countries, while in developing economies, it is in the initial stages. Little work is available in this area to find the impact of banking sector concentration, banking sector development and equity market development, therefore, this study fills this gap in the existing literature.
Segmentation of Indian shoppers in the context of organic foods
Authors: Sadiq Muhammad Ahsan , Rajeswari Balasundaram , Ansari Lubna
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to segment and profile the Indian shoppers in the context of organic foods in India. It proposes to use a healthy lifestyle (HL) as a segmenting variable and to use a factor-cluster analysis approach to achieve the same. The current study is expected to add a substantial base to the segmentation literature in marketing.

Design/methodology/approach

Food stores in Indian metropolitan city Chennai are sampled, and data is collected in the form of a mall intercept survey method. In total, 441 usable structured questionnaires are filled by the respondents which are subjected to suitable statistical analysis.

Findings

Three significantly different consumer segments emerged from the given sample of respondents, which shows uniqueness concerning consumer’s, HL features, demographics and the variables of the theory of planned behavior (TPB).

Research limitations/implications

Clustering method used to segment the potential shoppers of organic foods is an exploratory technique only. It cannot be treated or generalized to the population like those of inferential techniques. The researcher suggested testing the same with a larger sample size and in a different context. It is limited to urban and suburban facets of the metropolitan city in India.

Originality/value

The study will be helpful to marketers and decision makers to target the potential organic foods consumers.
Late‐onset interstitial nephritis in a patient with drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms
Authors: Higashi Yuko , Baba Naoko , Yoshimine Haruhito , Sakaguchi Ikuyo , Kanekura Takuro
Published: December 2019

Drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), also referred to as drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), is a severe hypersensitivity drug reaction affecting the skin and multiple internal organ systems. We report a 47‐year‐old man with DIHS/DRESS and comorbidities (fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus, valsartan‐induced photosensitivity, vitiligo and acute interstitial nephritis). Although acute interstitial nephritis usually appears in the early phase, his is a rare case of acute interstitial nephritis more than 2 years after the onset of DIHS/DRESS.
Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors according to PD‐L1 tumor proportion scores in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Park Seongho , Choi Yoo‐Duk , Kim Jieun , Kho Bo‐Gun , Park Cheol‐Kyu , Oh In‐Jae , Kim Young‐Chul
Published: December 2019

Background

We correlated the tumor proportion score (TPS) of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1, SP263 or 22C3) expression with the disease control rate (DCR, partial remission and stable disease), and progression free survival (PFS) after nivolumab or pembrolizumab treatment.

Methods

A total of 70 case records (55 males, 15 females) of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, 46 adenocarcinoma, 22 squamous cell carcinoma, and two others) were reviewed. The PD‐L1 expressions were divided into High (SP263 ≥ 30%, 22C3 ≥ 80%) and Low groups (SP263 < 30%, 22C3 < 80%). In the combined analysis, the PD‐L1 group was defined as High if either of the two stains was classified as High and defined as Low if both stains were classified as Low.

Results

Among the patients treated with nivolumab (n = 37), the SP263 High group showed higher DCR compared to the SP263 Low group (52.6% vs. 11.1%, P = 0.024). In patients treated with pembrolizumab (n = 33), no significant difference in DCR and PFS according to PD‐L1 expression was observed. In the combined analysis (n = 36), patients in the PD‐L1 High group showed significantly higher DCRs than those in the PD‐L1 Low group (56.1% vs. 24.1%, P = 0.028). PFS was significantly longer in the PD‐L1 High group than in the Low group (medians 4.1 vs. 1.6 months, respectively, P = 0.04).

Conclusion

A high expression level of PD‐L1 was correlated with a significantly higher DCR and longer PFS in NSCLC patients treated with nivolumab or pembrolizumab.
DNAH17 is associated with asthenozoospermia and multiple morphological abnormalities of sperm flagella
Authors: Sha Yanwei , Wei Xiaoli , Ding Lu , Mei Libin , Huang Xianjing , Lin Shaobin , Su Zhiying , Kong Lingyuan , Zhang Yi , Ji Zhiyong
Published: December 2019

Background

Multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) is one kind of severe asthenozoospermia, which is caused by dysplastic development of sperm flagella. In our study, we sought to investigate the novel gene mutations leading to severe asthenozoospermia and MMAF.

Methods and Materials

The patient's spermatozoa were tested by Papanicolaou staining and transmission electron microscopy. Whole exome sequencing was performed on the patient with severe asthenozoospermia and MMAF. Sanger sequencing verified the mutations in the family. The expression of DNAH17 was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot.

Results

Spermatozoa sample from the patient showed severe asthenozoospermia and MMAF. We detected biallelic mutations (c.C4445T, p.A1482V and c.C6857T, and p.S2286L) in DNAH17 (MIM:610063). The protein expression of DNAH17 was almost undetectable in spermatozoa from the patient with the biallelic mutations.

Conclusion

These results demonstrated that DNAH17 may be involved in severe asthenozoospermia and MMAF.
Enhancing responsiveness to Māori in a publicly funded bariatric service in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Rahiri Jamie‐Lee , Tuhoe Jason , Gillon Ashlea , MacCormick Andrew D. , Hill Andrew , Harwood Matire
Published: December 2019

Background

Health equity is a fundamental right afforded to all regardless of ethnicity. However, in New Zealand (NZ), health inequities are most compelling for Indigenous Māori who experience inadequate access to services, poorer quality of care and poor health outcomes as a result. Bariatric surgery is the most effective intervention for weight loss and remission of obesity‐related disease where all other interventions have been exhausted. This Kaupapa Māori qualitative study presents Māori perspectives of bariatric surgery from the largest public bariatric centre in NZ and offers solutions for enhancing bariatric service responsiveness to Māori.

Methods

This qualitative study was informed by Kaupapa Māori methodology and involved a general inductive thematic analysis of 31 semi‐structured interviews with Māori patients who had bariatric surgery at Counties Manukau Health in South Auckland, NZ.

Results

Four key themes were identified following analysis: (i) Kaupapa Māori standards of health; (ii) bariatric mentors; (iii) bariatric psychologists; and (iv) community‐integrated support. These themes offer four tangible solutions for optimizing bariatric pathways for Māori from the perspectives of Māori bariatric patients.

Conclusion

Kaupapa Māori, community‐centred and greater non‐surgeon aspects of bariatric supportive mechanisms comprise key areas of opportunity for public bariatric pathways in NZ. Surgical leadership is required to advance health equity and service responsiveness to Māori.
Last Glacial Maximum glacier modelling in the Quemuqu Valley, southern Tibetan Plateau, and its climatic implications
Authors: Xu Xiangke , Yao Tandong , Xu Baiqing , Zhang Lianqing , Sun Yong , Pan Baolin
Published: December 2019

A well‐preserved Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) moraine set in the Quemuqu Valley on the eastern slope of the Qiongmu Gangri Peak offers great potential for reconstructing LGM glacier extent and examining LGM climate in the region. This study employed a coupled and physics‐based mass balance and ice‐flow model to investigate glacier sensitivities to climate in the valley. Based on the sensitivity tests and the well‐preserved LGM moraines, the study also reconstructed the LGM glacier extent in the valley and assessed the magnitude of cooling for the LGM period. Model results suggest that the Quemuqu Valley sustained an ice volume of 6.80±0.16 km3 in the LGM period. Temperature depression of 3.1–4.3 °C, combined with 30–70% modern precipitation, is likely to have supported the LGM glacier extent in the valley. The temperature inference for the LGM period is comparable with other independent palaeoclimate evidence in the region. However, there is a large difference in the reconstructed glacier volume (ice thickness) between previous research and the current study. The glacier model used here directly calculates the ice thickness and needs relatively less field evidence to constrain the model simulations. It is therefore advocated to use such a model to reconstruct past glaciers and their corresponding climates for other valleys of the Tibetan Plateau.
Altitude and species identity drive leaf litter decomposition rates of ten species on a 2950 m altitudinal gradient in Neotropical rain forests
Authors: Esquivel Jimena , Park Byung Bae , Casanoves Fernando , Delgado Diego , Park Go‐Eun , Finegan Bryan
Published: December 2019

Identifying the environmental factors controlling litter decomposition is key to understanding the magnitude and rates of nutrient cycling in tropical forests, and how they may be influenced by climate variability and environmental change. We carried out a leaf litter translocation experiment in mature rain forest over a 2,520 m altitudinal gradient in Costa Rica. Leaf litter decomposition rates (k) of ten tree species, two dominant species from each ecosystem, plus two standard species, were calculated over 540 days in four life zones.kwas lowest in montane with 0.83 per year and lower montane forests with 2.21 per year.kdid not differ between lowland and premontane forests at 3.12 per year, in spite of the 3℃ difference of mean annual temperature between these life zones.kvaried fourfold among species. Species decomposition rates ranked as follows, and were predictably related to leaf economic spectrum traits of the species:Acalypha communis(standard, fast decomposer)»Hyeronima oblonga > Alchornea latifolia,Quercus bumelioides,Jarava ichu(standard, slow decomposer)>Minquartia guianensis > Magnolia sororum > Vochysia allenii > Pourouma bicolor,Carapa guianensis.These two slowest‐decomposing species were native premontane and lowland forest dominants, respectively, with tough, low‐nutrient leaves. The ranking of species bykvaried very little among life zones suggesting that decomposer organisms in very different ecosystems and environments react in similar ways to the litter quality in general. We conclude that whilekdecreases with temperature in rain forests on tropical mountains, bioclimatic zones defined as premontane may be “functionally lowland.” The effects of species identity on decomposition rates on tropical mountains are consistent and independent of environment for both standard and native species. Under climate change on these mountains, if moisture regimes do not change, decomposition rates will increase due to rising temperatures. Soil carbon storage may therefore decrease. Changes in the altitudinal distributions of currently dominant species will also affect this critically important biogeochemical process.
Monarch butterflies reared under autumn‐like conditions have more efficient flight and lower post‐flight metabolism
Authors: Schroeder Hayley , Majewska Ania , Altizer Sonia
Published: December 2019

1. Many migratory animals undergo physiological and behavioural changes to prepare for and sustain long‐distance movements. Because insect migrations are common and diverse, studies that examine how migratory insects meet the energetic demands of long‐distance movements are badly needed.

2. Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) migrate up to 4000 km annually from eastern North America to wintering sites in central Mexico. Autumn generation monarchs undergo physiological and behavioural changes in response to environmental cues to initiate migration. In particular, exposure to cooler temperatures and shorter day lengths in early autumn causes monarchs to enter the hormonally induced state of reproductive diapause.

3. This study examined differences in flight‐associated metabolic rate (MR) and flight performance metrics for monarchs experimentally reared under autumn‐like conditions (typically experienced before the southward migration) relative to monarchs reared under summer‐like conditions.

4. Adult monarchs reared under autumn‐like conditions showed lower post‐flight MRs, greater flight efficiency, and lower measures of reproductive activity relative to monarchs reared under summer‐like conditions. Increases in post‐flight metabolism were associated with monarch body weight, age, and flight velocity.

5. These findings suggest that a trans‐generational shift in flight energetics is an important component of the monarch's complex migratory syndrome, and that physiological changes that accompany reproductive diapause facilitate energy conservation during flight.
Interfaith Dialogue
Authors: Ariarajah S. Wesley
Published: December 2019

The modern ecumenical movement initially sprang from the missionary movement. This led to considerable struggle within the ecumenical movement over embracing interfaith dialogue as a main focus of its ministry. This focus was eventually accepted, and since then the ecumenical movement has done much to promote interfaith relations at the local, national, and global level; to struggle with the theological issues such dialogue presents for the Christian faith; and to collaborate with other religions to reflect on common issues faced by the global community. Current Dialogue has played a major role in promoting the dialogue concern.
Burden of infective endocarditis in an Australian cohort of people who inject drugs
Authors: Low Zhi M. , Krishnaswamy Sushena , Woolley Ian J. , Stuart Rhonda L. , Boers Anthony , Barton Timothy L. , Korman Tony M.
Published: December 2019

Background

Infective endocarditis (IE) results in substantial morbidity and mortality in people who inject drugs (PWID).

Aims

To describe the burden of IE and its outcomes in PWID.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of adults admitted to a tertiary referral centre in Melbourne, Australia, with IE due to injection drug use from 1997 to 2015.

Results

Ninety‐seven PWID with 127 episodes of IE were identified with a median acute inpatient stay of 37 days (1–84). Admission to an intensive care unit was required in 67/127 (53%) episodes. Twenty‐seven percent (34/127) of episodes occurred in patients with a previous episode of endocarditis. One third (43/127, 34%) of episodes involved left‐sided cardiac valves. Antimicrobial treatment was completed in 88 (70%) episodes. Valve surgery was performed in 25/127 (20%) episodes. Predictors of surgery in univariable analysis were left‐sided cardiac involvement (risk ratio (RR) 6.0), severe valvular regurgitation (RR 2.6) and cardiac failure (RR 2.2) (all P < 0.005). Twenty (16%) episodes resulted in death. Predictors of mortality on univariable analysis were left‐sided cardiac involvement (RR 6.4), and not completing treatment (RR 0.12; both P < 0.001). The average estimated cost per episode was AU$74 168.

Conclusions

IE causes a considerable burden of disease in PWID, with significant healthcare utilisation and cost. Surgery and death are not infrequent complications. In addition to ensuring completion of antimicrobial therapy, strategies such as opioid maintenance programmes may be useful in improving health outcomes for PWID.
Factors affecting nurses' job satisfaction in rural and urban acute care settings: A PRISMA systematic review
Authors: Yasin Yasin M. , Kerr Michael S. , Wong Carol A. , Bélanger Charles H.
Published: December 2019

Aims

This review aimed to systematically assess the findings of primary studies to identify the factors associated with nurse job satisfaction in rural and urban contexts while analysing the findings according to Herzberg's theory.

Background

While there is evidence linking several factors to nurses' job satisfaction, gaps still exist in understanding the differences between factors affecting job satisfaction for nurses working in rural and urban settings.

Design

Systematic review with narrative summary.

Data sources

Six databases were used to identify original studies that discuss the factors associated with the nurse's job satisfaction between 1998–2018.

Review methods

Two authors independently reviewed each study using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal checklists. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement to report and examine the study biases systematically.

Results

A total of 38 studies were selected for this review. Physical working environment and authority and freedom were the most frequently reported factors associated with nurses’ job satisfaction. Several extrinsic, intrinsic, personal, and community factors were also found to be associated with nurses’ job satisfaction. Urban studies tended to focus on extrinsic factors, whereas there was more balance between the two sets of factors in rural studies.

Conclusion

Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors play an essential role in nurses’ job satisfaction. Future research should use more robust research methods and pay more attention to contrasting rural and urban contexts. Herzberg's theory can provide conceptual clarity when investigating the factors associated with nurses’ job satisfaction.

Impact

This review discussed the factors associated with nurses’ job satisfaction in rural and urban settings. The findings linked several extrinsic and intrinsic factors to nurses’ job satisfaction. Nursing management should search for the perfect blend of intrinsic and extrinsic factors based on nurses’ needs and organizational commitment to improve nurses’ job satisfaction.
The VT Prediction Model: A simplified means to differentiate wide complex tachycardias
Authors: May Adam M. , DeSimone Christopher V. , Kashou Anthony H. , Sridhar Haarini , Hodge David O. , Carter Rickey , Lin Grace , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Noseworthy Peter A. , Deshmukh Abhishek J.
Published: December 2019

Background

The accurate separation of undifferentiated wide complex tachycardias (WCTs) into ventricular tachycardia (VT) or supraventricular wide complex tachycardia (SWCT) using conventional, manually‐applied 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation methods is difficult.

Purpose

We sought to devise a new WCT differentiation method that operates solely on automated measurements routinely provided by computerized ECG interpretation software.

Methods

In a two‐part analysis, we developed and validated a logistic regression model (ie, VT Prediction Model) that utilizes routinely available computerized measurements derived from patients' paired WCT and baseline ECGs.

Results

The derivation cohort consisted of 601 paired WCT (273 VT, 328 SWCT) and baseline ECGs from 421 patients. The VT Prediction Model, composed of WCT QRS duration (ms) (P < .0001), QRS duration change (ms) (P < .0001), QRS axis change (°) (P < .0001) and T axis change (°) (P < .0001), yielded effective VT and SWCT differentiation (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.924; confidence interval [CI]: 0.903‐0.944) for the derivation cohort. The validation cohort comprised 241 paired WCT (97 VT, 144 SWCT) and baseline ECGs from 177 patients. The VT Prediction Model's implementation on the validation cohort yielded effective WCT differentiation (AUC: 0.900; CI: 0.862‐0.939) with overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 85.0%, 80.4%, and 88.2%, respectively.

Conclusion

The VT Prediction Model is an example of how readily available ECG measurements may be used to distinguish VT and SWCT effectively. Further study is needed to develop and refine newer WCT differentiation approaches that utilize computerized measurements provided by ECG interpretation software.
Rapid detection model of Bacillus subtilis in solid‐state fermentation of rapeseed meal
Authors: Xing Zheng , Jiang Hui , He Ronghai , Mintah Benjamin K. , Dabbour Mokhtar , Dai Chunhua , Sun Ling , Ma Haile
Published: December 2019

The main objective of this research was to monitor variety in the content of Bacillus subtilis 10160 during solid‐state fermentation (SSF) of rapeseed meal by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics. Observations showed the coefficient of determination (R2) value was 0.9401 and root‐mean‐square deviation was 0.639 log (CFU/g) for viable cell content by synergies between four intervals 5,203.003–5,600.267, 5,604.124–6,001.388, 6,807.487–7,204.751 and 8,411.972–8,809.235 cm−1. The determination coefficient of prediction (Rp2) and root‐mean‐square deviation of prediction in an external validation set could reach 0.9532 and 0.628 log (CFU/g) by the viable B. subtilis model. These findings suggest that rapid detection of B. subtilis in SSF is achieved by the combination of synergy interval partial least squares and NIR spectroscopy.
Association between Diet Quality and Frailty Prevalence in the Physicians’ Health Study
Authors: Ward Rachel E. , Orkaby Ariela R. , Chen Jiaying , Hshieh Tammy T. , Driver Jane A. , Gaziano J. Michael , Djousse Luc
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVES

Limited data suggest that a healthy diet is associated with a lower risk of frailty. We sought to assess the relationship between three measures of diet quality and frailty among male physicians.

DESIGN

Cross‐sectional analysis of a cohort study.

SETTING

Physicians’ Health Study.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 9861 initially healthy US men, aged 60 years or older, who provided data on frailty status and dietary habits.

MEASUREMENTS

A cumulative deficit frailty index (FI) was calculated using 33 variables encompassing domains of comorbidity, functional status, mood, general health, social isolation, and change in weight. Diet quality was measured using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (aHEI), Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH).

RESULTS

The FI identified 38% of physicians as non‐frail, 44% as pre‐frail, and 18% as frail. Multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for age, smoking status, and energy intake showed that compared with the lowest aHEI quintiles, those in the highest quintiles had lower odds of frailty and pre‐frailty compared with non‐frailty (odds ratio [OR] for frailty = .47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .39‐.58; for pre‐frailty: OR = .75; CI = .65‐.87). Exercise did not modify this association (P interaction >.1). Similar relationships were observed for DASH and MDS quintiles with frailty and pre‐frailty. Restricted cubic splines showed an inverse dose‐response relationship of diet quality scores with odds of frailty and pre‐frailty.

CONCLUSION

Cross‐sectional data show an inverse dose‐response relationship of diet quality with pre‐frailty and frailty. Future longitudinal studies are needed to investigate whether healthier diet is a modifiable risk factor for frailty.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00000500. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:770–776, 2020
Can everyone benefit from economic integration?
Authors: Chambers Christopher P. , Hayashi Takashi
Published: December 2019

There is no Pareto efficient allocation rule which always encourages economic integration. Further, for any efficient rule treating indistinguishable agents identically in welfare terms, there is an economy in which a third of the agents are hurt upon integration.
Perceptions of Telehospitalist Services to Address Staffing Needs in Rural and Low Complexity Hospitals in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Gutierrez Jeydith , Moeckli Jane , McAdams Neo , Kaboli Peter J.
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Rural hospitals are disproportionally affected by physician shortages and struggle to staff inpatient services. Telemedicine presents an opportunity to address staffing problems and bring the advantages of hospital medicine to rural areas.

Methods

In this study we surveyed administrators from 34 rural and low complexity hospitals in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) to evaluate staffing needs and perceptions of a potential telehospitalist service.

Findings

Of the 25 respondent facilities (74% response rate), 96% reported vacancies that resulted in staffing difficulties within the last 3 years and 84% relied on intermittent providers to staff their inpatient services in the last year. Almost two‐thirds of respondents thought that a telehospitalist service could help address their staffing needs and 72% were interested in participating in a pilot program.

Conclusions

The results of this study corroborate staffing challenges in rural hospitals within VHA and support the use of alternative staffing models like a telehospitalist service to address intermittent and long‐term staffing needs.
Methodological naturalism, saturation, and Psychology's failure to save the phenomena
Authors: Gantt Edwin E. , Williams Richard N.
Published: December 2019

Many scientists and philosophers of science have argued that metaphysical naturalism and methodological naturalism represent distinct and separable philosophical commitments. This claim is true in the sense that metaphysics and epistemology reflect different philosophical projects. The major question of interest to psychologists, however, is whether at the pragmatic level of research designed to discover the psychological sphere in which we live our lives, the metaphysical and the methodological realms are so tightly interwoven that some important aspects of our humanity cannot be faithfully revealed without distortion, or even missed altogether. This paper argues that, in light of its intellectual origins, methodological naturalism is informed by metaphysical naturalism at the level of its formulation, and, thereby, is by its nature more apt to reveal phenomena of certain ontological types and less apt to faithfully reveal phenomena of other ontological types. In this sense, metaphysical naturalism cannot help but subtly shape psychological investigation and thus insert itself to some degree into our understanding of many important psychological phenomena. The work of the French phenomenologist Jean‐Luc Marion, particularly his concept of “saturated phenomena,” is briefly discussed by way of a call for greater methodological openness in psychological research – an openness that will permit psychological scientists to better “save the phenomena” in their accounts of human experience.
Comparative analysis of microbial community in the whole body and midgut from fully engorged and unfed female adult Melophagus ovinus
Authors: Duan D.‐Y. , Zhou H.‐M. , Cheng T.‐Y.
Published: December 2019

Melophagus ovinus is a type of ectoparasite infesting sheep. Data regarding the comprehensive bacterial community associated with the whole body and midgut of M. ovinus under different engorged statuses are required. Melophagus ovinus were collected from the city of Jiuquan, China. Bacterial DNA was extracted from the whole body and midgut of fully engorged female adults, or newly hatched and unfed adult female M. ovinus. The 16S rRNA gene V3–V4 hypervariable regions were sequenced using the IonS5™XL platform (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, U.S.A.). The whole body bacterial diversity of the newly hatched, unfed adult females was greater compared with that of the other three samples. Proteobacteria was the dominant bacterial phylum in all of the samples. Of the 42 total bacterial genera present in all of the experimental samples, Arsenophonus, Bartonella and Wolbachia were the dominant genera. The relative abundance of Arsenophonus in midgut was greater than that in the whole body. The relative abundance of Bartonella in fully engorged adults was far greater than those in newly hatched, unfed adults. The relative abundance of Wolbachia was highest in the whole body of newly hatched, unfed adults. Seventeen bacterial species were identified in all experimental samples. Bartonella chomelii, Streptococcus hyointestinalis and Escherichia coli were the first species reported in M. ovinus.
Negotiating tensions, creating connections: The NZGS early career research network
Authors:   NZGS ECRN
Published: December 2019

The New Zealand Geographical Society Early Career Research Network (NZGS ECRN) is a peer‐run network aiming to foster a welcoming and supportive environment for those who identify as early career geographers in Aotearoa New Zealand. This article highlights how the ECRN is working to find space for intervention and connection in an international context of precarity for early career researchers, as well as addressing the ongoing challenges of effectively representing the interests of a diverse and transient group of scholars.