bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Interaction Mechanism of Papaya Seeds (Carica papaya L.) as a Natural Coagulant and Remazol Red Under Different pH Conditions
Authors: Dewi Vina Melinda Inka , Rahmayanti Maya
Published: June 2022

Batik wastewater contains a high concentration of dye that comes from the batik dyeing process. In this study, papaya seeds were applied as a natural coagulant to reduce the concentration of remazol red in batik wastewater. Dried papaya seeds were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The coagulation method used the batch method in the pH range of 1-6. The FTIR spectra showed that the papaya seeds contained compounds with -NH2 and -COOH functional groups. The results of coagulation showed that the pH of batik wastewater had an effect on the ability of papaya seeds to reduce the concentration of remazol red. The optimum pH condition was obtained at pH 2 with a decrease in the concentration of remazol red by 96.1%. The interaction that occurs between the coagulant of papaya seeds and the remazol red of batik wastewater is through electrostatic interactions.
بلاغة الخطاب القرآني في استعمال الاسم الموصول مع لفظ الجلالة الله
Authors: AMIN MOHAMED SOLIMAN Abdelkarim
Published: June 2022

تسعى هذه الدراسةُ للبحث التطبيقيِّ عن بلاغة الخطاب القرآنيِّ في إثبات وحدانيَّة الله من خلال دراسة خطاب القرآن عن اسم الجلالة (الله)، وقد اقتصرت الدِّراسةُ على خطاب الله عن نفسه الذي ارتبط بالاسم الموصول؛ وذلك لِـمَا يحمله الاسم الموصول من دلالة بلاغيَّة تخصيصيَّة، وتفصيليَّة، وتأكيديَّة تناسب المتلقين لهذا الخطاب وتناسب السياق والموضوع، وقد اعتمدت الدِّراسةُ المناهجَ اللُّغويَّةَ في تحليلاتها. جاءت الدِّراسةُ في مقدِّمةٍ وسبعة مباحث: الأوَّل بلاغةُ الاسمِ الموصول، والثاني الاسمُ الموصول في محلِّ خبرٍ للفظ الجلالة، والثالثُ الاسمُ الموصولُ في محلِّ فاعلٍ للفظ الجلالة (الله) المحذوف، والرابعُ الاسمُ الموصولُ في محلِّ مفعولٍ به للفظ الجلالة (الله) المحذوف، والخامسُ الاسمُ الموصولُ في محلِّ بدلٍ من لفظ الجلالة، السادسُ الاسمُ الموصول مستثنى محل لفظ الجلالة (الله) المحذوف، والسابعُ الاسمَ الموصول مجرور محل لفظ الجلالة (الله) المحذوف.
تصوير الطبيعة في الشعر العربي من الغرب الإفريقي (الليل أنموذجا)
Authors: MAİGA Mohamadou Aboubacar
Published: June 2022

إنّ شعراء غرب إفريقيا قد وصفوا مظاهر البيئة التي أبهرتهم وأثارت مشاعرهم الفياضة، من التي أودعه الله تعالى كالغابات والجبال والصحراء والأنهار والتقلبات الجوية والمناخية، وما يعيش في هذه البيئة من حيوانات أليفة ووحشية وطيور. كما وصفوا أيضا ما أبدع فيها البشر من قصور ومنازل وانجازات صناعية وغيرها. ويعد الليل مظهرا من مظاهر الطبيعة التي تناولها العديد من الشعراء في قصائدهم المختلفة. وصف الشعراء الليل مثلما وصفوا الأطلال، والخيول، والناقة، وطبيعة الصحراء. فقد صوّره البعض بما يحلو لخيالاتهم وعقولهم، فمنهم من صوّره بؤرةَ الهموم ومفتاحًا للمعاناة، ومنهم من رآه خزينة الأسرار، وملتقى الأحباب والعشاق. انطلاقا من ذلك، ترمي هذه المقالة  من خلال إعمال المنهج الوصفي التحليلي إلى إبراز ملامح الليل بصفته ظاهرة طبيعية لها حضور في أشعار إفريقيا الغربية، وبيان دلالاته وإيحاءاته في شعر المنطقة. وترجع أهمية هذه الدراسة في أنها تسعى إلى التعريف بالإنتاج الأدبي العربي الإفريقي، من خلال إلقاء الضوء على أدباء منطقة إفريقيا الغربية.
KLASİK DÖNEM HANEFÎ ÂLİMLERİN NESHE İHTİMALİ OLMAYAN DURUMLARDA HABERLERİN TEʿÂRUZUNA YAKLAŞIMI: HZ. PEYGAMBER’İN MEYMÛNE İLE EVLİLİĞİ
Authors: TOPRAK Ayşegül , KÖKTAŞ Yavuz
Published: June 2022

Bu makale Hanefî âlimlerin neshe ihtimali olmayan durumlarda haberlerin teʿâruzuna dair yaklaşımlarını ele alır. Bu araştırma konusu teʿâruzu gidermek amacıyla Hanefî âlimlerin ilk olarak neshe başvurdukları şeklindeki yaygın anlayışın etkisinde kalınmadan inceleme imkânı sunması bakımından önemlidir. Zira böylece Hanefî âlimlerin teʿâruza dair yaklaşımları farklı bir açıdan incelenecek ve bu yaklaşımın daha sağlıklı şekilde yorumlanmasına zemin hazırlanacaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Hanefî usûl anlayışının sistemleşme süreci boyunca farklı yaklaşımların yoğun olarak görüldüğü hicri ilk altı asırdaki âlimlerin görüşleri dikkate alındı. Hanefî usûl ve furûʿ eserlerinde neshe ihtimali olmayan durumlar çoğunlukla Hz. Peygamber’in Meymûne ile evliliği meselesi üzerinden ele alındığı için ilgili konuya ait haber grubu örneklem olarak seçilmiştir. Bu kapsamda öncelikle teʿâruz eden haberlere yer verilmiştir. Ardından ilgili konu hakkında görüş beyan eden Hanefî âlimlerin kullandıkları yöntemlere dair detaylı bilgi mukayeseli olarak sunulmuş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Muʿâraza konusunda sınırlı bir alana ışık tutan bu araştırma sonucunda Hanefî âlimlerin çoğunluğunun teʿâruzu giderme yöntemlerini uygulama konusunda birbirlerinden farklı hareket ettikleri anlaşılmıştır. Bununla birlikte çoğunluğunun teʿâruzu -farklı biçimlerde olsa da- tercih yöntemiyle çözüme kavuşturduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
EHL-İ SÜNNET TEOLOJİK PERSPEKTİFİNDE KİMLİK MÜCADELESİ (HANEFÎ-EŞ’ARÎ UZ(AK)LAŞTIRMASI)
Authors: ŞIK İsmail , SADIKER Ömer , AKBAŞ Hamdi
Published: June 2022

Ehl-i Sünnet’i oluşturan iki ana kelâm okulu olarak Eşʽarîlik ve Mâtürîdîlik, kendi bakış açılarıyla itikâdî meselelere yaklaşırken zaman içerisinde ortak payda altında mezhep kimliğini meydana getirmişlerdir. Tarsûsî ve Sübkî üzerinden kelâm okullarının teolojik düşüncelerinde var olan birleşme ve ayrışma noktalarını incelemeyi hedef aldığımız bu çalışmada gerek çağdaş olmaları gerek aynı coğrafyada yaşamalarını da dikkate alarak uzlaşma ve uzaklaşma gibi iki farklı yaklaşımın imkânını sorgulamaya çalıştık. Birleşme ve uzlaşma tam bir anlaşma mıdır yoksa ihtilaflara rağmen bir arada durma azmi midir? Ayrışma ve uzaklaşma, tamamen kopma ve karşıya geçme midir yoksa farklılıkları belirterek aynı noktada birleşme yerine merkezde kendini görüp o noktada birleşmek midir? gibi sorulara da cevaplar aradık. Teolojik zeminde ayrışma, tabiî olarak kabul edilirken sosyo-kültürel zemin ve reel konjonktür, uzlaşmayı zorunlu kılmaktadır. İhtilaflar üzerine farklı tavırlarda yazılmış iki eser ve içinden çıktıkları kelâm okullarının sistematiğini en iyi şekilde kavramış iki düşünür üzerinden uzlaşma veya uzaklaşmaya bakabilmek zor, ancak bir o kadar da kıymetlidir.
ORDU BÜYÜKŞEHİR BELEDİYESİNİN SPOR HİZMETLERİ VE UYGULAMALARI
Authors: İSLAM Ahmet
Published: June 2022

Günümüzde spor, fiziksel zihinsel, sosyal ve duygusal gelişimini tamamlamış nitelikli insanların yetişmesinde önemli bir unsur olmakla birlikte çocuk ve gençlerde sosyalleşme sürecinin önemli ölçüde destekçisidir. Araştırmada Ordu Büyükşehir Belediyesinin spor alanındaki hizmet ve uygulamalarını tespit etme amacını taşımaktadır. Nitel araştırma modelinde olan bu çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden görüşme tekniği ile yapılmıştır. Araştırma soruları yedi bölüme ayrılmış ve yarı yapılandırılmış sorularla kategorize edilmiştir. Ordu Büyükşehir Belediyesinin Gençlik ve Spor Hizmetleri Dairesi Başkanlığında yer alan yetkililer ile yarı yapılandırılmış (17 soru) sorularla görüşme yapılarak ve verilen cevaplar ses kaydı olarak kaydedilmiş ve üzerinde hiçbir değişiklik yapılmadan Microsoft Word dosyasına aktarılmıştır. Elde edilen bu sonuçlar İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi ve İngiltere’nin Liverpool Belediyesi ile karşılaştırılarak analiz edilmiş ve tartışılıp yorumlanmıştır. Ordu Büyükşehir Belediyesi Gençlik ve Spor Hizmetleri Dairesi Başkanlığı spor okulları projesi yaparak; Ordu Üniversitesi, Gençlik Spor İl Müdürlüğü, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Sağlık Bakanlığı gibi kurumlar ile 5 yıllık bir protokol ile birlikte bu projeyi hayata geçirilebilir.
AVAILABILITY ANALYSIS OF ORAL ANTIPLATELETS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Abdullaev M.A. , Orlova E.A. , Kantemirova B.I. , Grechukhin A.I.
Published: June 2022

Abstract The Aim. Pharmacoeconomic assessment of the oral antiplatelet availability of various drug manufacturers and dosage forms based on the analysis of price characteristics. Materials and methods. The analysis included drugs from the group of platelet aggregation inhibitors (excluding heparin) (ATC code B01AC): clopidogrel, clopidogrel + acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), ASA and dipyridamole in various dosages and number of tablets per package. The cost values were estimated by the resources of large resources "Apteka.ru", "009.rf" with the average value calculations in the eight federal district’s capitals of the country. Results. The cost of drugs in the analyzed group varied depending on the drug manufacturer. The highest amount of the cost variation was in the ASA tablet form (100 mg) – 407.47%, followed by the tablet form of clopidogrel (75 mg) – 311.16%, ASA (50 mg) – 172.20%, dipyridamole (75 mg) – 117.36% and the lowest values for the tablet forms of dipyridamole (25 mg) – 68.19% and the combination of ASA with clopidogrel (100mg + 75mg) – 59.13%. The highest Ca.s values were in ticagrelor (90 mg) – 24.92% and prasugrel (10 mg) – 7.87%, the lowest in ASA (50 mg) – 0.1%. According to the linear index of distribution, the drugs ASA (100 mg) – 89%, clopidogrel (75 mg) – 70%, and less accessible ticagrelor (60 mg) – 18% and prasugrel (10 mg) – 14% had a higher physical availability. Conclusion. Based on the calculated values a high availability of such antiplatelet drugs as ASA (50 mg and 100 mg), clopidogrel (75 mg) was revealed. According to the results of the study, the antiplatelet drugs ticagrelor (60 mg and 90 mg) and prasugrel (10 mg) have the least level of availability.
Factors influencing the disclosure of additional financial and non-financial information by large enterprises
Authors: Rep Ana , Sever Mališ Sanja , Dumančić Kosjenka
Published: June 2022

Nowadays, more than ever, stakeholders are demanding that additional information are disclosed in addition to financial information as part of corporate reporting. This need is being recognized by regulators, who have begun to enact laws requiring large companies to disclose at least the required information and financial information. This study aims to examine some of the possible company characteristics that may influence the extent of information disclosure, particularly the direction of their influence and significance. The study was conducted on twenty (23.53%) listed companies operating in the real sector (non-financial sector) on the Zagreb Stock Exchange. Initially, the content analysis method was used to analyze the reports. In addition, multilinear regression was conducted to measure the influence of specific company characteristics. The research results revealed that the type of auditor, ownership structure, and size of the board of directors have a statistically significant positive influence on the quality of published financial and non-financial information. In contrast, the quotation days have a negative but not statistically significant influence at the 5% significance level. Finally, even though the overall results regarding the disclosure quality can be interpreted as satisfactory, there is room for further improvement regarding financial and non-financial reporting transparency.
Autonomía, ciudadanía y participación: un estudio etnográfico sobre la Reforma del Código Urbanístico y el Código de Construcción de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Thomasz Ana Gretel
Published: June 2022

Este artículo examina ciertas modificaciones introducidas en 1996 con la autonomización de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, vinculadas con la promoción de la democracia directa y la expansión de los dispositivos participativos. Explora los posicionamientos y lenguajes esgrimidos por los ciudadanos que participaron de las audiencias públicas desarrolladas en 2018 en la Legislatura de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires con motivo de la reforma del Código Urbanístico y el Código de Edificación. Contrastando con otras instancias participativas cuya figura paradigmática es la del vecino aislado que realiza reclamos individuales, predominaron en las audiencias públicas los asistentes involucrados con la cosa pública nucleados en colectivos y organizaciones mayores, quienes articularon un lenguaje de derechos basado en el texto de la Constitución. Los aportes y métodos cualitativos propios de la disciplina antropológica sustentan la elaboración de este escrito.
Metabolic consequences of sleep disorders. Review
Authors: Romanenko I. Y. , Tretyak O. E.
Published: June 2022

Epidemiological studies have shown association of sleep disorders with adverse metabolic effects, including obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults, with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disease and mortality. Categories of sleep disorders that contributed to the above diseases included changes in sleep duration, chronic sleep deprivation and excessive sleep, changes in sleep architecture, sleep fragmentation, circadian rhythm disorders (e.g., shift work), and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep and circadian rhythms modulate or control daily physiological patterns, that play an important role for normal metabolic health. Various metabolic processes, including glucose tolerance, change during the day and night and at different stages of sleep. During sleep, the utilization of glucose by the brain and activity of the sympathetic nervous system decrease, and vagus nerve tone increases. Global rates of obesity and diabetes are on the rise worldwide, and the prevalence of sleep deprivation and sleep disorders are also on the rise. The results of epidemiological and pathophysiological studies conducted in different countries among the population of different socioeconomic groups confirm that sleep disorders predispose to a higher risk of cardiometabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes. There is a bidirectional relationship between metabolic dysfunction and sleep disorders. Current research data suggest that sleep is a potentially modifiable risk factor for cardiometabolic disease and obesity. More clinical investigations are required to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying metabolic dysfunction associated with sleep disorders and to explore the potential benefit of normalizing sleep in people with metabolic disorders. Recommendations for the optimization and hygiene of sleep, treatment of sleep disorders, along with sufficient physical activity and proper nutrition, should be included in preventive and therapeutic strategies to maintain metabolic health.
Possible factors determining efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation. Review
Authors: Tkach S. M. , Kharchenko N. V. , Dorofeev A. E.
Published: June 2022

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is considered currently as one of the most effective therapeutic procedures for the treatment of recurrent pseudomembranous colitis associated with Clostridium difficile infection and some other intestinal and extraintestinal diseases associated with gut dysbiosis. Recent investigations gave the reason to believe that FMT success depends largely on the microbial diversity and composition of a donor’s stool. These data allowed us to develop concepts of the existence of so‑called FMT «superdonors», which include individuals from whom FMT was accompanied by high efficiency. The review also examines other possible mechanisms and factors that influence TFM success, such as the nature and severity of the pathology being treated, the frequency of procedures, the quality and quantity of donor material, FMT from one or more donors, and other factors. The authors also presented own data on the efficacy of FMТ from «superdonors» in 86 patients with various intestinal diseases. For the first time in Ukraine a comparative study was conducted to study TMF efficacy in 28 patients with mild to moderate non‑specific ulcerative colitis, in 8 patients with Crohn’s disease and 40 subjects with post‑infection irritative bowel disease (IBD) with diarrhea. All TMF procedures were performed by means of introduction of donor’s material in the dome of the cecum during colonoscopy. Clinical efficacy of the induction of remission during two months after TMF was registered in 17 (60.7 %) patients with non‑specific ulcerative colitis and 4 (50.0 %) patients with Crohn’s disease. Effectiveness of TMF from the same superdonors in 27 (67.5 %) patients with IBD with diarrhea was somewhat higher. Clinical improvement was achieved in a form of abdominal pain relief, decrease of diarrhea and bloating, and improvement in general condition. Consideration have been given to the possibility of predicting FMT efficacy based on the microbial and metabolic profiling, microbial interactions that affect the effectiveness of FMT, factors influencing the long‑term effects of FMT, new personalized approaches to FMT, which will allow to use FMТ more purposefully in future.
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM GREEN WASTE ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION AT LAB-SCALE: EVOLUTION AND COMPARISON WITH LANDFILL GAS
Authors: Randazzo Antonio , Folino Adele , Tassi Franco , Tatàno Fabio , de Rosa Sandro , Gambioli Alma
Published: June 2022

The chemical composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in landfill gas from municipal waste (MW) landfills primarily depends on the type of degrading waste. To provide first insights into the relationship between VOC chemistry (in landfill gas) and specific waste components, a lab-scale experiment on anaerobic digestion (AD) of green waste (GW) was carried out. The composition of the released C4+ VOCs was semi-quantitatively determined and indirectly compared to that generally expected for the overall MW landfill gas. The generated biogas from degrading GW during AD time showed up to 29 different VOCs, mainly including terpenes, followed by alkanes, alkenes, cyclics, aromatics, and halogenated compounds. O- and S-substituted compounds were sporadically detected. Overall, speciation and total concentration of VOCs fluctuated over AD time, likely due to changes in microbial populations and metabolism, as well as substrate depletion, during the AD evolution. As expected, VOC speciation in the GW biogas was lower than that of the typical MW landfill gas, since the latter is generated by a large variety of organic and synthetic waste components following different sequential degradation processes. These results highlighted that, when disposed of at MW landfill sites, the specific GW component may (i) potentially concur to the overall odour charge and toxic effects of MW landfill gas and (ii) detrimentally impact the energy exploitation of MW landfill gas by releasing terpenes, aromatics, and halogenated compounds.
NAIL VARNISH PACKAGING AND RESIDUE WASTES: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Appleby Emily , Shaw Peter J.
Published: June 2022

As global consumption of nail varnish grows, quantities of packaging waste and residues will increase. End-of-use decisions for nail varnish have implications. Residues contain some hazardous substances, whilst packaging has potential for valorization. The extent of problems related to the disposal of end-of-use nail varnish products remains unclear. This study aimed to gain evidence to inform potential management measures. An inventory of hazardous substances in nail varnish products available in the UK was compiled to ascertain their potential for harm to the environment and/or human health. Discarded samples of end-of-use nail varnish products were then collected from volunteers in the UK to determine weights of packaging materials and residues. A parallel survey explored UK consumers’ means of disposal and opportunities for positive change. All the brands examined contained at least one hazardous substance; over a hundred hazardous substances were identified in total for the 24 samples audited. Hazards to human health were most common. On average, 7.2g of nail varnish remained in bottles at the point of disposal. Average weights for glass bottles and plastic lids/applicators were 28.5g and 5.6g, respectively. End-of-use products thus generate small quantities of residues and packaging, but the cumulative impacts are potentially substantial. Disposal of end-of-use products with general household waste was evident: this leads to contamination of non-hazardous waste and fails to valorize the materials lost. Collection schemes for end-of-use nail varnish offer a possible way forward, but would benefit from fuller understanding of the potential for consumer engagement.
Compost Heat Recovery Systems: Global Warming Potential impact estimation and comparison through a Life Cycle Assessment approach
Authors: Malesani Rachele , Schievano Andrea , Di Maria Francesco , Sisani Federico , Pivato Alberto
Published: June 2022

Compost Heat Recovery Systems (CHRS) represent an innovative technology to provide domestic decentralized thermal energy, recovering the heat naturally produced during the aerobic biodegradation of waste biomass, coming from gardening/farming/forestry activities. CHRSs represent an alternative to centralized grid-connected power systems and are usually installed (combined with most traditional systems) to power underfloor heating systems (UHS) or domestic hot water systems (DHWS), lowering impacts and costs of thermal energy production.
In this study, the Global Warming Potential (GWP) of CHRSs (measured as kgCO2-eq/kWh) was investigated using life cycle assessment (LCA) approach, considering the whole life cycle of an average plant. CHRSs showed a negative Net value of GWP impact, equal to -0.268 kgCO2-eq/kWh, as full balance of positive (0.062 kgCO2-eq/kWh) and negative (-0.329 kgCO2-eq/kWh) emissions. Negative emissions are related to avoided primary materials, replacement of natural gas used as traditional thermal energy production and replacement of mineral fertilizers. Considering only the positive emissions (0.062 kgCO2-eq/kWh), CHRSs emerged to be in line with Solar Hot-Water Systems (0.061 kgCO2-eq/kWh mean value) and slightly higher than Geothermal Systems (0.019 kgCO2-eq/kWh mean value).
Along with GWP impact, other midpoint and endpoint impact indicators were assessed and all showed a negative Net value: Particulate Matter PM (-2.36E-5 kgPM2.5-eq/kWh), Fresh Water eutrophication FWE (-6.78E-06 kgP-eq/kWh), Fresh Water ecotoxicity FWec (-2.10E-01 CTUe/kWh), Human Toxicity cancer effect HTc (-5.68E-09 CTUh/kWh), Human Toxicity non-cancer effect HTnc (-3.51E-09 CTUh/kWh) and Human Health HH (-5.22E-08 DALY/kWh). These results demonstrate that CHRS is extremely convenient considering both environmental and human health consequences.
A REVIEW OF RECENT TRENDS TO INCREASE THE SHARE OF POST-CONSUMER PACKAGING WASTE TO RECYCLING IN EUROPE
Authors: Lederer Jakob , Bartl Andreas , Blasenbauer Dominik , Breslmayer Gisela , Gritsch Lea , Hofer Simon , Lipp Anna-Maria , Mühl Julia
Published: June 2022

Through the Circular Economy Package, the EU aims to reduce material imports and environmental impacts of waste management. Ambitious recycling targets should help to achieve these objectives. As a response, the waste industry developed technical and organizational solutions that can intervene at different stages of a waste management system in order to increase the recovery of recycling materials, starting with improved separate collection over the use of modern material recovery facilities up to the enhanced treatment of waste incineration ashes. The large question is how each of these options can contribute to increase recycling rates to achieve a circular economy. By reviewing case studies as presented in the most recent literature published since the year 2010 from European countries on the recycling of post-consumer packaging waste of glass, metals, paper, and plastics, this study contributes to answer this question. In the first stage, the review found 644 articles matching with the search terms and published since the year 2010. Of these, 46 remained for an in-depth analysis, since 319 did not present case studies as defined in the scope of this article. The articles reviewed provide a good overview on the state of knowledge on increasing recycling of post-consumer packaging waste by improved separate collection, material recovery facilities, and waste incineration bottom ash treatment. Additional information and case studies, however, are required, particularly large-scale experiments to test new separate collection systems, large-scale with different feedstock material at the most-modern material recovery facilities and waste incineration bottom ash treatment plants.
LIQUID FLUIDS FROM THERMO-CATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF WASTE LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE USING SPENT FCC CATALYST
Authors: Aisien Felix Aibuedefe , Aisien Eki Tina
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT: The widely-used plastics, especially low-density polyethylene (LDPE), have resulted in a considerable accumulation of plastics in the waste stream, causing a global environmental problem. Therefore, the research aims to examine the thermal and catalytic degradation of waste LDPE plastic using spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst and compare the properties of the produced liquid oils with commercial fuels. The potential of converting the most energy from waste plastics to valuable liquid oil, gaseous, and char was investigated. A batch reactor was used to thermally and catalytically degrade LDPE at temperatures 350 to 550oC and catalyst to plastic ratio of 0.10 to 0.25. The physical properties of the produced liquid oils, flash point, pour point, viscosity, API-gravity, carbon residue, density, etc., were determined using standard methods. We characterized the chemical properties of produced pyrolysis liquid oils with Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
The liquid oil, gas, and char produced at catalyst to plastic ratio of 0.20 at 500oC were 92.7 wt.%, 6.1 wt.%, and 1.2 wt.% respectively. The thermal pyrolysis at 500 oC gave 76.6 wt.%, 20.7 wt.%, and 2.7 wt.% for produced liquid oil, gas, and char, respectively. The GC-MS shows that the produced LDPE liquid oil contains many hydrocarbons from C7-C29. The major hydrocarbons common to LDPE are benzene, 1, 3 dimethyl benzene, and toluene. The produced liquid oil’s properties compare favorably with that of commercial fuels.
Biologia da polinização de espécie arbórea de Cupania: dicogamia sincronizada, fenótipo generalista e predominância de abelhas sem ferrão
Authors: Fonseca Alexandre Tomaz da , Freitas Leandro
Published: June 2022

Introdução e objetivos: Pouco sabemos acerca da biologia da polinização de espécies arbóreas tropicais com sistema de polinização por diversos insetos (DI). Estudamos a biologia floral, o sistema reprodutivo e os visitantes florais de Cupania oblongifolia.
M&M: Experimentos e observações foram feitos em uma área de Mata Atlântica.
Resultados: As flores são pequenas e esverdeadas e secretam pouco néctar. A espécie é díclina-monóica, mas a antese das flores femininas e masculinas é separada temporalmente nas inflorescências, com pouca ou sem sobreposição (i.e., dicogamia sincronizada). A produção de frutos não diferiu após polinização cruzada, autopolinização e condições naturais, indicando não haver autoincompatibilidade nem limitação polínica. A espécie foi visitada por 87 espécies de Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera e Coleoptera. Flores masculinas foram mais visitadas e 20 espécies visitaram os dois morfos florais. A maioria dos visitantes florais foi rara e cerca de 80% das visitas foram de Hymenoptera, em particular abelhas sem ferrão. Duas espécies de Scaptotrigona foram eudominantes.
Conclusões: O fenótipo floral se encaixa na descrição do sistema DI. Muitos insetos foram registrados, mas abelhas sem ferrão predominaram. Meliponini constitui o grupo antófilo mais abundante nas florestas neotropicais, portanto, sistemas de polinização associados a elas são esperados. A partir de nossos resultados se pode projetar que parte das espécies classificadas como DI com base no fenótipo floral e riqueza de visitantes podem estar fortemente associadas a um grupo específico de polinizadores, o que denotaria um menor grau de generalização.
Anatomía comparada y análisis morfométrico en especies de Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae) del sur de Sudamérica
Authors: Morero Rita Ema , Giorgis Melisa Adriana , Barboza Gloria Estela
Published: June 2022

Introducción y objetivos: Polystichum en Argentina y Chile, comprende 11 especiesoriginadas de los linajes: Sudamericano Austral y Andino. La taxonomía del géneroes conflictiva debido a la frecuente hibridación, asociada a patrones de especiación reticulada. El presente estudio tiene como objetivos: definir caracteres morfo-anatómicos que contribuyan a la diferenciación de los linajes y a la delimitación de nueve de los taxones que comprenden.M&M: Se realizaron mediciones exomorfológicas y análisis de la anatomía defrondes y rizomas de nueve especies de Polystichum (siete del clado AustralSudamericano y dos del Andino), usando microscopía óptica. En las especiesAustrales Sudamericanas se estudiaron 13 caracteres cuantitativos empleando 77especímenes de herbario, mediante análisis multivariados.Resultados: Los caracteres morfológicos que separan el clado SudamericanoAustral de Polystichum de las especies Andinas analizadas, son: los indusios, lasespínulas foliares y el margen de las escamas de rizomas y pecíolos. La formay división de la lámina, el número de pares de pinnas y la cantidad de ellas consoros, la longitud de las pinnas basales y características anatómicas como: pelosglandulares del indusio, banda circumendodermal y número de meristelas del pecíolo, son rasgos informativos a nivel específico del clado Sudamericano Austral.Conclusiones: Por primera vez, una combinación de atributos anatómicos,morfológicos y morfométricos han permitido separar de manera confiable los nueve Polystichum estudiados, demostrando su valor taxonómico.
Resume klp 11
Authors: Febianil
Published: June 2022

Pengelolaan sistem moneter pada masa pemerintahan islam diserahkan kepada lembaga Baitul mal. Baitul mal merupakan post yang dikhususkan untuk mengelola semua pemasukan atau pengeluaran harta yang menjadi hak kaum muslimin. Pengelolaan moneterter sebut mengalokasikan dana untuk penyebaran Islam, pendidikan dan kebudayaan, pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, pengembangan inprastruktur dan penyediaan layanan kesejahteraan sosial. Alokasi dana Baitul mal tersebut mempunyai dampak baik terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kenaikan Agregate Demand sekaligus Agregate Supply. Karena populasiakan semakin meningkat dan penggunaan sumberdaya alam semakin maksimal.
CULTURE OF READING SURAT YASIN, AL WAQIAH AND AL MULK AT AL-INAYAH ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL, NORTH KARANGASEM, BATANG (Study of the Living Qur'an)
Authors: Huda Amirul
Published: June 2022

This article discusses the culture of reading the letters of Yasin, al-Waqiah and al-Mulk at the Al-Inayah Islamic boarding school, Karangasem Utara Batang. This research is included in the type of field research discussing the culture of reading letters from Yasin, al-Waqiah and al-Mulk at the Al-Inayah Islamic Boarding School, Karangasem Utara Batang. The purpose of this study was to determine the procession of the practice of reading the letters of Yasin, al-Waqiah and al-Mulk which were read regularly after the worshipers at dawn and sunset and their caregivers.
Implementation of Adab Hamalatul Qur'an in the Book of At-Tibyan by Imam An- Nawawi in Ponpes Hidayatul Mubtadi-en Sampangan Pekalongan
Authors: Khusna Nabilatul
Published: June 2022

In this millennial era, ethics education is needed, Morals Pondok Pesantren Institution is one of the right institutions to plant this education. Hidayatul Mubtadien Islamic Boarding School is a pesantren institution based on the Qur'an and the book. With the study of the book of At-Tibyan every Saturday at the Hidayatul Mubatadien Islamic Boarding School, it became one of the teacher media to convey the contents of the book of At-Tibyan. In Pondok Pesantren Hidayatul Mubtadien has applied the content of the book of At-Tibyan, namely the teacher's scientific sanad, which indicates that the teacher has been competent when he wants to go to his teacher, the student is in a neat state, in a holy state, has been on guard but some students who have not been alerted due to his Personal reasons.
THE PRESTIGE OF STUDENTS STARTING AN ONLINE BUSINESS
Authors: hamam Naufal
Published: June 2022

Keeping up with the times, the business world continues to develop, one of which is online business. Online business can be said to be quite popular among students, including various types of online shop applications that are already widely owned by student gadgets, not infrequently we also see students who show off the products they buy through the online shop application. This study aims to identify the reasons behind the prestige of students starting an online business. Identify a variety of student responses to the online business itself. The research was conducted at the UIN K.H ABDURRAHMAN WAHID campus. The research method used is a qualitative method with a phenomenological appro
COMMUNICATION FOR THE RESOLUTION OF FAMILY CONFLICTS BETWEEN PARENTS AND CHILDREN
Authors: SAHARA FENI RISKI
Published: June 2022

Children need attention and direction from their parents or adults because children are thenext generation of the family so they need to be prepared from childhood to grow up to bequality human beings, and the environment that children first know is the family environment.Parents and children must be able to establish good communication. (Sari, A. 2010)Family communication is a very important thing to regulate the course of life in the family. Theoccurrence of communication is the delivery of messages and responses, family communicationis a benchmark for whether or not a family is harmonious, not only in family communication itis very important for the child's mindset because for children the family is the first educationfor them, because the child can also be influenced by how the conditions in his family are. Inthe family, it is not surprising that we find conflicts, one of which is common is differences ofopinion. This research uses qualitative research with observation methods in the familyregarding how to communicate and conflicts.
THE ROLE OF PONDOK PESANTREN AS AN INSTITUTION IN INCREASING THE RELIGIOUS VALUE OF THE COMMUNITY OF SAMPANGAN VILLAGE
Authors: Izzatunada Zhahira Avriel
Published: June 2022

Islamic boarding schools as agents of development and agents of excellence act as religious institutions that reflect the attitudes and conditions of religiosity of the local community. Islamic boarding schools have a strong influence on the local community because they can assist the approaches to spirituality, religiosity, and community moral development through Islamic boarding school activities carried out with residents. The role of Islamic boarding schools in this study focuses on the problem of moral decadence caused by the influence of science and technology, in this case, science and technology are one of the factors that can affect the association of the nation's generation, where this study seeks to dig deeper into the relationship between the community and Islamic boarding schools. in the development of adolescent relationships. To find out about this social phenomenon, the author uses descriptive qualitative research methods, this research began on June 3, 202,2 at one of the Islamic boarding schools in Pekalongan City, namely Pondok Pesantren Hidayatul Mubtadi-in. Sources of data in this study consisted of responses from, caregivers, the local community, the students, and the head of the cottage. By using data collection techniques through observation and interviews. The results of this analysis indicate that the existence of Islamic boarding schools has not been able to fully educate teenagers to be active in religious studies. Although there have been many activities involving the local community, the youth have not been able to fully reflect on the religious values that have been previously facilitated by Islamic boarding schools.
EXCITING FREELANCE FOR STUDENTS
Authors: Mustaqim Faiq Akhdan
Published: June 2022

AbstractMany students at UIN GUSDUR Pekalongan complain about spending funds during offline lectures, they want to work but are hesitant for fear of disturbing their study time. With freelance work that only works during free time, students can work without disturbing lecture time. The purpose of this research is to introduce to students that there is work that is done in a time that does not interfere with lectures. The method used is the qualitative method by interviewing several students who are already in freelance work whether they are disturbed by their lectures or not. The answers from some of the informants felt that they were not disturbed because they were able to manage time well.
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE SPEECH IMPAIRED AND THE SURROUNDING COMMUNITY
Authors: Herista Hilma
Published: June 2022

As humans, of course, we help each other, every day we meet humans, do joint activities, and communicate directly. An activity that we never miss is communication, without communication, we cannot know what he wants and vice versa he does not know what we want. When communicating, it must also be clear about the intentions and goals that we will convey, using good and clear language so that there is no miss communication, but in contrast to speech impaired cannot speak clearly and maybe the language said by speech impaired cannot be understood by us, the way that is often used by speech impaired is to use sign language or body language. The body language used when communicating with the community is also natural body language or the language can be understood by speech impaired and the community. Most of the speech impaired are deaf so when talking to speech impaired people do not need to make excessive noises enough with clear lip movements because speech impaired people when communicating will focus on the movement of the lips. The purpose of this study is to find out how to communicate speech impaired with the community in their environment and whether people with speech impairments with the community do not have obstacles when communicating. This research method uses a qualitative approach by obese dating the intended object, namely speech impairment, and the community.
POLITENESS ANALYSIS IN THE USE OF MADURESE LANGUANGE TOWARDS PARENTS
Authors: Alfiana Shelly
Published: June 2022

Communication is a message or information which is given to communicant from communicator. It is imperative, and being fundamental, also universal among human beings to interact with others. People are as human being who lives perfectly than the other creatures, use language as a tool to communicate each other where it is ability in learning and acquiring knowledge. Indonesia is rich in regional languages and language is one of the regional identities. Each region must have its own regional language. Regional language or traditional language is a language that is used as a means of communication only in certain areas.
Resume klp 13
Authors: Febianil
Published: June 2022

Dalam literatur hukum Islam, terdapat beberapa istilah untuk menyebut uang antara lain adalah nuqud, tsaman, fulus, sikkah dan ’umlah. Istilah tsaman memiliki beberapa arti, antara lain berarti qimah, yaitu nilai sesuatu dan harga pembayaran barang yang dijual. Istilah ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan uang emas dan perak. Fulus digunakan untuk pengertian logam bukan emas dan perak yang dibuat dan berlaku di tengah-tengah masyarakat sebagai uang dan pembayaran. Sikkah dipakai untuk dua pengertian, yaitu : (1) stempel besi untuk mencap mata uang; dan (2) mata uang dinar dan dirham yang telah dicetak dan distempel. ’Umlah memiliki dua pengertian, yaitu (1) satuan mata uang yang berlaku di negara atau wilayah tertentu, misalnya ’umlah yang berlaku di Indonesia adalah rupiah, di Yordania adalah dinar; (2) mata uang dalam arti umum sama dengan nuqud. 1 Namun, istilah yang sering digunakan oleh ulama fiqh adalah nuqud dan tsaman.
Some thoughts on a short story about fighting against freedom
Authors: Le Tam-Tri
Published: June 2022

Some thoughts on a short story about fighting against freedom told by my mentor.
Effect of sweet and caloric drinks on cardiac reactivity to slow paced breathing in healthy adults
Authors: Meier Maria , Dimitroff Stephanie , Denk Bernadette , Unternaehrer Eva , Pruessner Jens C
Published: June 2022

The functioning of the autonomic nervous system is central to the maintenance of health. While glucose affects sympathetic and parasympathetic activity at rest, it is unclear whether it also affects cardiac reactivity. In this study, we investigated the effect of sweet and/or caloric drinks on cardiac reactivity to a relaxing exercise, namely, slow paced breathing (SPB).One hundred and fifteen healthy adults (age mean = 23.28 years, SD = 6.88 years; 75.65% female) took part in the study. After baseline, they consumed a drink that was either sweet & caloric, or sweet, or caloric, or pure water. Later, they performed a sustained attention test and SPB. Electrocardiography and impedance cardiography was obtained, blood glucose concentrations and subjective relaxation ratings were measured repeatedly throughout the session. We analyzed group differences in parasympathetic (root mean square of successive differences [RMSSD]) and sympathetic (pre-ejection period [PEP]) activity and subjective stress ratings using growth curve models and performed correlational analyses between RMSSD, PEP and blood glucose concentrations. The consumption of caloric drinks triggered PNS withdrawal and SNS activation. Despite this, SPB triggered a psychophysiological relaxation response by increasing PNS and subjective relaxation and decreasing SNS activity. This response was not modulated by the different drinks.Sweet and/or caloric drinks did not affect cardiac reactivity to SPB, but blood glucose increases triggered counterregulatory responses of the PNS and SNS. This highlights the tight connection between autonomic regulation and blood glucose homeostasis. Future research should determine modulating factors of cardiac reactivity to external demands.
Intelligence predicts better cognitive performance after normal sleep but larger vulnerability to sleep deprivation
Authors: Balter Leonie JT , Sundelin Tina , Holding Benjamin Charles , Petrovic Predrag , Axelsson John
Published: June 2022

It has been proposed that intelligence allows some people to cope better with stress than others. However, whether those with higher intelligence are also more resilient to the cognitive effects of insufficient sleep remains unclear. Participants (N = 182) were randomized to either a normal night of sleep or a night of total sleep deprivation. The Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices Test set E was used to estimate fluid intelligence prior to the experimental night. A sleepiness measure and a cognitive test battery were completed at 22:30h (serving as the baseline session for both groups), and the following day at 08:00h, 12:30h, and 16:30h after sleep manipulation. As per preregistration, sleepiness and measures of arithmetic ability, episodic word memory, simple attention, and spatial working memory were analyzed. At baseline, higher fluid intelligence was associated with fewer errors and faster calculations on the arithmetic test, and fewer episodic memory errors, but was not associated with spatial working memory performance, simple attention, or sleepiness. Sleep deprivation led to larger impairments in those with higher fluid intelligence, evident for arithmetic ability, episodic memory, and a trend for spatial working memory. Fluid intelligence did not predict vulnerability on any of the other tests or sleepiness. These data indicate that fluid intelligence is related to superior higher-order cognitive functioning under optimal sleep condition, but it does not protect against the deleterious cognitive effects of insufficient sleep. Further studies may test whether the cognitive benefits of intelligence are primarily limited to optimal situations.
Sensory modality defines the relation between EEG Lempel-Ziv diversity and meaningfulness of a stimulus
Authors: Bola Michał , Orlowski Paweł
Published: June 2022

Diversity of brain activity is a robust neural correlate of global states of consciousness. It has been proposed that diversity measures specifically reflect the temporal variability of conscious experience. Previous studies supported this hypothesis by showing that perception of meaningful visual stimuli causes richer, more-variable experiences than perception of meaningless stimuli, and this is reflected in greater brain signal diversity. To investigate whether this relation is consistent across sensory modalities, to participants we presented three versions of naturalistic visual and auditory stimuli (videos and audiobooks) that varied in the amount of meaning (original, scrambled, and noise), while recording electroencephalographic signals. We report three main findings. First, greater meaningfulness of visual stimuli was related to higher Lempel-Ziv diversity of EEG signals, but the opposite effect was found in the auditory modality. Second, visual perception was related to generally higher EEG diversity than auditory perception. Third, perception of meaningful visual stimuli and auditory stimuli respectively resulted in higher and lower EEG diversity in comparison to the resting state. In conclusion, the signal diversity of continuous brain signals depends on the stimulated sensory modality, therefore it is not a generic index of the variability of conscious experience.
The maternal mortality consequences of losing abortion access
Authors: Stevenson Amanda Jean , Root Leslie , Menken Jane
Published: June 2022

We update estimates of the maternal mortality impact of no abortions occurring in the U.S. following the recent release of new national and state abortion incidence data for 2020. This estimate quantifies the increase in maternal deaths that would occur after a total abortion ban solely due to the greater mortality risk of continuing pregnancy to term compared to having an abortion. We estimate the number of additional U.S. maternal deaths by race/ethnicity that would be caused if no abortion occurred, following previously published procedures and using published 2020 statistics on maternal mortality, births, and abortions. After the first year of no abortion occurring, we estimate increased exposure to the risks of pregnancy would cause an increase of 210 maternal deaths per year (24% increase), from 861 to 1071. The increase would be greatest among non-Hispanic Black people, for whom it would be 39%. We also estimate, by state, the number of additional maternal deaths caused by no abortion occurring in the 26 U.S. states that either have banned or the Guttmacher Institute estimates will soon ban abortion. We find that increases in some states would be as great as 29%, while in others, because of already extremely low abortion rates and numbers, less than 1 additional death would be expected. Banning abortion will likely change maternal mortality in ways beyond exposing more people to the existing risks of maternal death; any increase in maternal mortality due to these changes would be in addition to our estimates.
The Deforestation Effects of Trade and Agricultural Productivity in Brazil
Authors: Carreira Igor , Costa Francisco J M , Pessoa Joao Paulo
Published: June 2022

This paper quantifies the relative footprint of trade and agricultural productivity on deforestation across Brazilian municipalities between 2000 and 2017. Using remote-sensing data, we identify distinct effects of these two phenomena on land use. Greater exposure to new genetically engineered soy seeds is associated with faster deforestation through cropland expansion. We find no significant association between local exposure to Chinese demand and deforestation, but exposure to trade with China mitigates the deforestation impacts from the new soy technology. Our findings suggest that, when considered together, productivity gains altering municipalities' comparative advantage played a more significant role in driving deforestation across Brazil than Chinese demand alone.