bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity of epiphyte ferns along an elevational gradient in El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve, southern Mexico
Authors: Jiménez-López Derio A. , Martínez-Camilo Rubén , Martínez-Meléndez Nayely , Kessler Michael
Published: March 2020

Background and aims – In the tropics, some studies have found that the richness of epiphytic ferns present a peak at mountain mid-elevations. However, it is not well understood how transitions from tropical to subtropical conditions affect this peak, and even less is known about beta diversity of epiphytic ferns. Thus, the objective is to understand the effect of climatic gradients on the variation of local richness of ferns and beta diversity patterns along an elevational gradient in a mountain system in southern Mexico.Methods – We sampled 32 trees, each in four elevational bands (100–2200 m). Alpha diversity patterns were analysed using linear regression models. We used the Morisita index to quantify species turnover between bands. An additive partitioning approach was used to analyse the degree to which individual trees, plots, and bands contributed to total species richness. We evaluated the influence of climatic variables on species composition via linear regression models.Key results – A total of 30 species in five families were recorded. Each family contributed in different magnitude to the elevational richness pattern, with Polypodiaceae dominating due to its richness and presence along the entire transect. Alpha diversity at the three scales (αtree, αplot, αband) increased with elevation and rainfall, and with decreasing temperature. Species turnover was high along the gradient, but was scale-dependent, with βtransect (65–75%) and βband (14%) with the greatest contributing to total diversity. Although the contribution of the individual trees was lower, it increased with elevation. Conclusions – We emphasize the importance of including different scale levels in analyses of diversity along elevational gradients. In the region, cloud forest on the mountain peaks harbours the highest diversity of epiphytic fern communities. Due to a limited extent of this mountain range, the epiphyte ferns are susceptible to the effects of climate change.
Molecular markers of biomass burning and primary biological aerosols in urban Beijing: size distribution and seasonal variation
Authors: Xu Shaofeng , Ren Lujie , Lang Yunchao , Hou Shengjie , Ren Hong , Wei Lianfang , Wu Libin , Deng Junjun , Hu Wei , Pan Xiaole , Sun Yele , Wang Zifa , Su Hang , Cheng Yafang , Fu Pingqing
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Biomass burning and primary biological aerosol particles
account for an important part of urban aerosols. Floods of studies have been
conducted on the chemical compositions of fine aerosols (PM2.5) in
megacities where the haze pollution is one of the severe environmental
issues in China. However, little is known about their size distributions in
atmospheric aerosols in the urban boundary layer. Here, size-segregated
aerosol samples were collected in Beijing during haze and clear days from
April 2017 to January 2018. Three anhydrosugars, six primary saccharides and
four sugar alcohols in these samples were identified and quantified by gas
chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Higher concentrations of a biomass
burning tracer, levoglucosan, were detected in autumn and winter than in other
seasons. Sucrose, glucose, fructose, mannitol and arabitol were more
abundant in the bloom and glowing seasons. A particularly high level of
trehalose was found in spring, which was largely associated with the Asian
dust outflows. Anhydrosugars, xylose, maltose, inositol and erythritol
are mainly present in the fine mode (<2.1 µm), while the others
showed the coarse-mode preference. The concentrations of measured tracers of
biomass burning particles and primary biological particles in the haze
events were higher than those in the non-hazy days, with enrichment factors
of 2–10. Geometric mean diameters (GMDs) of molecular markers of biomass
burning and primary biological aerosols showed that there was no significant
difference in the coarse mode (>2.1 µm) between the haze
and non-haze samples, while a size shift towards large particles and large
GMDs in the fine fraction (<2.1 µm) was detected during the
hazy days, which highlights that the stable meteorological conditions with
high relative humidity in urban Beijing may favor the condensation of
organics onto coarse particles.The contributions of reconstructed primary
organic carbon (POC) by tracer-based methods from plant debris, fungal
spores and biomass burning to aerosol OC in the total-mode particles were
in the ranges of 0.09 %–0.30 % (on average 0.21 %), 0.13 %–1.0 %
(0.38 %) and 1.2 %–7.5 % (4.5 %), respectively. This study demonstrates
that the contribution of biomass burning was significant in Beijing
throughout the whole year with the predominance in the fine mode, while the
contributions of plant debris and fungal spores dominated in spring and
summer in the coarse mode, especially in sizes >5.8 µm. Our observations demonstrate that the sources, abundance and chemical
composition of urban aerosol particles are strongly size dependent in
Beijing, which is important to better understand the environmental and
health effects of urban aerosols and should be considered in air quality and climate models.
The absorption Angstrom exponent of black carbon with brown coatings: effects of aerosol microphysics and parameterization
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Mao Mao , Tang Shihao
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Aerosol absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) is a crucial optical parameter for their apportionment and characterization. Due to considerable inconsistences associated with observations, a numerical research is a powerful means to give better understanding of the AAE of aged BC aerosols. Numerical studies of the AAE of polydisperse BC aggregates with brown coatings using the exact multiple-sphere T-matrix method (MSTM) are performed. The objective of the study is to thoroughly assess the AAE of coated BC influenced by their observation-based detailed microphysics and then provide a new AAE parameterization for application. At odds with our expectations, BC coated by thin brown carbon with more large particles can have an AAE smaller than 1.0, indicating that BC aerosols internally mixing with brown carbon can even show lower AAE than pure BC particles. The AAE of BC with brown coatings is highly sensitive to absorbing volume fraction of coating, coated volume fraction of BC, shell / core ratio, and particle size distribution with a wide variation, whereas the impacts of BC geometry and BC position within coating are trivial. The AAE of BC with brown coatings can be larger than 3.0, if there are more small coated BC particles, heavy coating, or more brown carbon. However, the AAE of BC with non-absorbing coating shows weakly sensitive to particle microphysics with values around 1.0 (i.e., 0.7–1.4), suggesting the substantial role of absorbing volume fraction of coating in the AAE determination. With more realistic BC geometries, our study also indicates that occurrence of brown carbon may be made confidently unless AAE > 1.4. In addition, we present a parameterization of the AAE of coated BC with a size distribution on the basis of numerical results, which can act as a guide for the AAE response to absorbing volume fraction of coating, coated volume fraction of BC, and shell / core ratio. Our findings can improve the understanding and application of the AAE of BC with brown coatings.
Statistical analysis of the long-range transport of the 2015 Calbuco volcanic plume from ground-based and space-borne observations
Authors: Bègue Nelson , Shikwambana Lerato , Bencherif Hassan , Pallotta Juan , Sivakumar Venkataraman , Wolfram Elian , Mbatha Nkanyiso , Orte Facundo , Du Preez David Jean , Ranaivombola Marion , Piketh Stuart , Formenti Paola
Published: March 2020

Abstract. This study investigates the influence of the 2015 Calbuco eruption
(41.2∘ S, 72.4∘ W; Chile) on the total columnar aerosol
optical properties over the Southern Hemisphere. The well-known technic of
sun photometry was applied for the investigation of the transport and
spatio-temporal evolution of the optical properties of the volcanic plume.
The CIMEL sun photometer measurements performed at six South American and three African sites were statistically analysed. This study involves the use of
the satellite observations and a back-trajectory model. The passage of the
Calbuco plume is statistically detectable in the aerosol optical depth (AOD)
observations obtained from sun photometer and MODIS observations. This statistical
detection confirms that the majority of the plume was transported over the
northeastern parts of South America and reached the South African region 1
week after the eruption. The plume impacted the
southern parts of South America to a lesser extent. The highest AOD anomalies were observed
over the northeastern parts of South America. Over the South African
sites, the AOD anomalies induced by the spread of the plume were quite
homogeneously distributed between the east and west coasts. The optical
characteristics of the plume near the source region were consistent with an
ash-bearing plume. Conversely, sites further from the Calbuco volcano were
influenced by ash-free plume. The optical properties discussed in this paper
will be used as inputs for numerical models for further investigation of the
ageing of the Calbuco plume in a forthcoming study.
Bioclimatic traits in statistical properties of daily photosynthetically active radiation
Authors: Muñoz Estefanía , Ochoa Andrés
Published: March 2020

Abstract. In this paper, we present a methodology to analyze the stochastic component of daily solar radiation at the earth's surface in the photosynthetically active spectral band. Extraterrestrial solar spectral irradiance from the SOLID project and in situ observed PAR from the FLUXNET data set are used to calculate daily time series of the clearness and clear-sky indices for 28 FLUXNET sites around the world for 1978–2014. We found that the shape of the probability distribution functions of the clearness and clear-sky indices exhibit a spatial pattern related to the Köppen climate classification and the Holdridge life zones. According to the Köppen classification, oceanic, humid continental, and Mediterranean climates show bimodal distributions; semi-arid, temperate, subtropical, and desert climates show unimodal distributions with high dispersion; and tropical climates show unimodal distributions with low dispersion. Moreover, according to the Holdridge triangle, sites with bimodal distributions are concentrated in moist and wet forest life zones located in boreal and cool temperate regions and sub-humid and humid provinces. Unimodal distributions with high dispersion are concentrated in the moist forest life zone in subtropical and tropical regions and humid province; and unimodal distributions with low dispersion are concentrated in dry forest, very dry forest, and thorn woodland in tropical and subtropical regions between arid and subhumid humidity provinces.
Pliocene expansion of C4 vegetation in the core monsoon zone on the Indian Peninsula
Authors: Dunlea Ann G. , Giosan Liviu , Huang Yongsong
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The expansion of C4 vegetation during the Neogene was one of the largest reorganizations of Earth's terrestrial biome. Once thought to be globally synchronous in the late Miocene, site-specific studies have revealed differences in the timing of the expansion and suggest that local conditions play a substantial role. Here, we examine the expansion of C4 vegetation on the Indian Peninsula since the late Miocene by constructing a ~ 6 million year paleorecord with marine sediment from the Bay of Bengal at Site U1445 drilled during International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 353. Analyses of element concentrations indicate the marine sediment originates from the Mahanadi River in the Core Monsoon Zone (CMZ) of the Indian Peninsula. Hydrogen isotopes of the fatty acids of leaf waxes reveal an overall decrease in the CMZ precipitation since the late Miocene. Carbon isotopes of the leaf wax fatty acids suggest C4 vegetation on the Indian Peninsula existed before the end of the Miocene, but expanded to even higher abundances during the mid-Pliocene to mid-Pleistocene (3.5 to 1.5 Ma). Similar to the CMZ on the Indian Peninsula, a Pliocene expansion or re-expansion has previously been observed in northwest Australia and in East Africa, suggesting that these tropical ecosystems surrounding the Indian Ocean remained highly sensitive to changes in climate after the initial spread of C4 plants in late Miocene.
Laboratory, field, mast-borne and airborne spectral reflectance measurements of boreal landscape during spring
Authors: Hannula Henna-Reetta , Heinilä Kirsikka , Böttcher Kristin , Mattila Olli-Pekka , Salminen Miia , Pulliainen Jouni
Published: March 2020

Abstract. We publish and describe a surface spectral reflectance data record
of seasonal snow (dry, wet, shadowed), forest ground (lichen, moss) and
forest canopy (spruce and pine, branches) constituting the main elements of
the boreal landscape. The reflectances are measured with
spectro(radio)meters covering the wavelengths from visible (VIS) to
short-wave infrared (SWIR) (350 to 2500 nm). In this paper, we describe the
instruments used and how the spectral observations at different scales along
with the concurrent in situ reference data have been collected, processed
and archived. Information on the quality of the data and factors causing
uncertainty are discussed. The main experimental site is located in
the Sodankylä Arctic Space Centre in northern Finland (67.37∘ N,
26.63∘ E; 179 m a.s.l) and the surrounding region. The collection
includes highly controlled snow and conifer branch laboratory spectral
measurements, portable field spectroradiometer observations of snow and
snow-free ground at different locations, and continuous mast-borne
reflectance time series data of a pine forest and forest opening. In
addition to the surface level spectral reflectance, data from airborne
imaging spectrometer campaigns over the Sodankylä boreal forest and
Saariselkä fell region at selected spectral bands are included in the
collection. All measurements of the data record correspond to a typical
polar-orbiting satellite observation event in the high-latitude spring season
regarding their Sun or illumination source (calibrated lamp) zenith angle
and close-to-nadir instrument viewing angle. For all measurement geometries,
observations are given in surface reflectance quantity corresponding to the
typical representation of a satellite observation quantity to facilitate
their comparison with other data sources. The openly accessible spectral
reflectance data at multiple scales are suitable to climate and
hydrological research and remote sensing model validation and development.
To facilitate easy access to the data record the four datasets described
here are deposited in a permanent data repository
(http://www.zenodo.org/communities/boreal_reflectances/)
(Hannula et al., 2019). Each dataset of a distinct scale has its own unique
DOI – laboratory: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3580078 (Hannula and Heinilä, 2018a);
field: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3580825 (Heinilä et al., 2019a); mast-borne:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3580096 (Hannula and Heinilä, 2018b); and airborne:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3580451 (Heinilä, 2019a) and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3580419
(Heinilä, 2019b).
P-model v1.0: an optimality-based light use efficiency model for simulating ecosystem gross primary production
Authors: Stocker Benjamin D. , Wang Han , Smith Nicholas G. , Harrison Sandy P. , Keenan Trevor F. , Sandoval David , Davis Tyler , Prentice I. Colin
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Terrestrial photosynthesis is the basis for vegetation growth and drives the land carbon cycle. Accurately simulating gross primary production (GPP, ecosystem-level apparent photosynthesis) is key for satellite monitoring and Earth system model predictions under climate change. While robust models exist for describing leaf-level photosynthesis, predictions diverge due to uncertain photosynthetic traits and parameters which vary on multiple spatial and temporal scales. Here, we describe and evaluate a GPP (photosynthesis per unit ground area) model, the P-model, that combines the Farquhar–von Caemmerer–Berry model for C3 photosynthesis with an optimality principle for the carbon assimilation–transpiration trade-off, and predicts a multi-day average light use efficiency (LUE) for any climate and C3 vegetation type. The model builds on the theory developed in Prentice et al. (2014) and Wang et al. (2017a) and is extended to include low temperature effects on the intrinsic quantum yield and an empirical soil moisture stress factor. The model is forced with site-level data of the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR) and meteorological data and is evaluated against GPP estimates from a globally distributed network of ecosystem flux measurements. Although the P-model requires relatively few inputs, the R2 for predicted versus observed GPP based on the full model setup is 0.75 (8 d mean, 126 sites) – similar to comparable satellite-data-driven GPP models but without predefined vegetation-type-specific parameters. The R2 is reduced to 0.70 when not accounting for the reduction in quantum yield at low temperatures and effects of low soil moisture on LUE. The R2 for the P-model-predicted LUE is 0.32 (means by site) and 0.48 (means by vegetation type). Applying this model for global-scale simulations yields a total global GPP of 106–122 Pg C yr−1 (mean of 2001–2011), depending on the fAPAR forcing data. The P-model provides a simple but powerful method for predicting – rather than prescribing – light use efficiency and simulating terrestrial photosynthesis across a wide range of conditions. The model is available as an R package (rpmodel).
Geologic characterization of nonconformities using outcrop and whole-rock core analogues: hydrologic implications for injection-induced seismicity
Authors: Petrie Elizabeth S. , Bradbury Kelly K. , Cuccio Laura , Smith Kayla , Evans James P. , Ortiz John P. , Kerner Kellie , Person Mark , Mozley Peter
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The occurrence of induced earthquakes in crystalline rocks kilometres from deep wastewater injection wells poses questions about the influence nonconformity contacts have on the downward and lateral transmission of pore fluid pressure and poroelastic stresses. We hypothesize that structural and mineralogical heterogeneities at the sedimentary-crystalline rock nonconformity control the degree to which fluids, fluid pressure, and associated poroelastic stresses are transmitted over long distances across and along the nonconformity boundary. We examined the spatial distribution of physical and chemical heterogeneities in outcrops and whole-rock core samples of the great nonconformity in the midcontinent of the United States, capturing a range of tectonic settings and rock properties that we use to characterize the degree of historical fluid communication and the potential for future communication. We identify three end-member nonconformity types that represent a range of properties that will influence direct fluid pressure transmission and poroelastic responses far from the injection site. These nonconformity types vary depending on whether the contact is sharp and minimally altered, or if it is dominated by phyllosilicates or secondary non-phyllosilicate mineralization. We expect the rock properties associated with the presence or absence of secondary non-phyllosilicate mineralization and phyllosilicates to either allow or inhibit fractures to cross the nonconformity, thus impacting the permeability of the nonconformity zone. Our observations provide geologic constraints for modelling fluid migration and the associated pressure communication and poroelastic effects at large-scale disposal projects by providing relevant subsurface properties and much needed data regarding common alteration minerals that may interact readily with brines or reactive fluids.
Rendimiento de habla espontánea y canto en usuarios con accidente cerebro vascular cerebeloso: un estudio de caso
Authors: Sandoval Zúñiga María Soledad , Henríquez Espejo Carolina , Henríquez Navarrete Liza , Elissalde Reyes Andrea , Rodríguez Rivas Diego
Published: March 2020

El propósito de este estudio fue caracterizar los rendimientos en habla y en canto de dos pacientes con disartria atáxica a causa de un accidente cerebro vascular (ACV) cerebeloso con el fin de describir sus resultados en relación a las características clínicas y sociodemográficas que poseen.

Corresponde a un estudio de caso de tipo cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental-transversal y un alcance descriptivo. Ambos sufrieron un ACV cerebeloso pero difieren en las características de la disartria, la técnica vocal, la edad, la frecuencia terapéutica, entre otras. Los instrumentos que se utilizaron para la medición de las variables fueron: el Protocolo de Evaluación de Habla (González y Toledo, 2002), el Protocolo de Habla versus Canto para pacientes disártricos, el cuestionario Voice Handicap Index (VHI) de Núñez-Batalla et al. (2007) y la escala RASATI (Pinho y Pontes, 2002).

Los resultados indicaron que quien padece de una disartria atáxica leve presenta mejores resultados en habla y en canto en comparación con aquel que padece de una disartria moderada. Esto se explica por las diversas diferencias que ambos poseen en cuanto a la severidad del cuadro, a las características neurológicas, a la frecuencia de terapia, a la edad y a la técnica vocal previa al evento vascular.

Ambos sufren alteraciones en los procesos motores básicos de respiración,  fonación y prosodia.
School Allowance and Students’ Determination in Studies
Authors: Moneva Jerald C. , Miralles Rey C. , Raman Jonathan
Published: March 2020

The study assessed the association of school allowance and students' determination in studies. The study used quantitative approach - the descriptive survey. The study was conducted in Jagobiao National High School - Senior High School Department. Mainly the Senior High School students are the respondents. The first part of the questionnaire talks about how students determines toward their studies. The weighted mean used to show how school allowance affects the determination of the students towards their studies. Using chi-square, it revealed that there was no significant association between school allowance and students' determination in studies. Students' determination in studies did not affect whether the school allowance of the students either high or low. In addition, students were determined in their studies sometimes. The students who were having a high socioeconomic status or low socioeconomic status did not affect their performance in school. In addition students' willingness in school was the factor why students are eager in their studies in school. Consecutively, to improve their determination in school they need to be interested in school and participated in school activities.
Contextualization of Traditional Physical Activity “Ekienga” in Physical Education at Congolese Primary School
Authors: Gorgon Lembe , Hubert César Mviri , François Entsiro , Aristide Ewamela , Alphonse Massamba
Published: March 2020

The aim of the study was to identify and analyze the motor behaviors of practitioners of the traditional Congolese Ekienga activity, and to offer teaching content for this activity at primary school level in the context of physical education. The research, observational and didactic, was based on the one hand on the evaluation of the bodily gestures carried out during Ekienga in 34 adult men, and on the other hand the construction of teaching programs. The results obtained showed that Ekienga’s internal logic allows the construction of knowledge and relevant teaching content in physical education at primary school in Congo.
Working Conditions and Salary as Correlates of Teachers’ Productivity in Government-Owned Secondary Schools in Emure Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Alonge Bolarinwa Dapo , Onnoh Onajite Godwin , Olusesean Ogunmilade Johnson , Ojo Olaoye Ajiboye , Nathaniel Olaniyi Oladele
Published: March 2020

The poor performance of candidates in external examination between 2014 and 2018 could be an indication of low productivity of teachers. The research study examined the influence of working conditions and salary on teachers’ productivity in government owned secondary schools in Emure Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria. The descriptive research of the survey type was employed for the research study. The population for this research study was seven government-owned secondary schools while the sample was four government-owned secondary schools. The research study found out the relationship between working conditions and teachers’ productivity; salary and teachers’ productivity in government-owned secondary schools in Emure Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria. Validated instruments tagged, “Working Conditions and Salary Questionnaire” (WCSQ) and “Teachers’ Productivity Questionnaire” (TPQ) were used to collect data from sample of 80 respondents. Simple random sampling technique was used to select four secondary schools while, proportional sampling technique was used to select 80 teachers. The research study revealed that there was significant relationship between working conditions and teachers’ productivity; salary and teachers’ productivity. This research study has shown that working conditions and salary had influence on teachers’ productivity.
The Israel Question after Trump—and Before
Authors: Rossinow Doug
Published: March 2020

The new Jew-hatred of the Trump era, and reactions to it, seem hopelessly snarled with feelings for or against Israel. The tight association of Jewishness with Zionism is not an automatic or “natural” consequence of ineluctable historical facts, but rather a product of historical acts by many Americans, prominently including American Jews. Throughout the decades following the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, American Jewish supporters of Israel worked consciously to establish the very conflation between Zionism and Jewish identity in the United States that now sometimes appears toxic. After the 1967 war, American Jewish forces across most of the ideological spectrum supported Israel’s retention of the Occupied Territories, particularly East Jerusalem, and the Democratic and Republican Parties ultimately embraced that stance by calling for the relocation of the US embassy in Israel to Jerusalem. Therefore, the Trump administration’s decision to move the embassy to Jerusalem, far from a sharp break with mainstream American and Jewish politics, followed a long political process that made it seem, to many Americans, that supporting Israel without stint equaled pro-Jewishness.
“Oppression by Orgasm”: Pornography and Antisemitism in Far-Right Discourses in the United States Since the 1970s
Authors: Kerl Kristoff
Published: March 2020

This article scrutinizes the far-right phantasm of a Jew-led “porn conspiracy” from the 1970s until today in the United States and, consequently, points to the significance of sexuality for the study of antisemitism. The idea that Jews threatened the patriarchal sexual order by spreading “obscene” cultural products and, thus, constituted a threat for white supremacy can be traced back, at least, into the last decades of the nineteenth century and was, of course, not limited to the United States. With the rise of so-called porno chic during the early 1970s, the fantasy of a “porn conspiracy,” embedded into the broader antisemitic notion of a Jew-led and anti-white regime of “minority racism,” increasingly gained ground in the far right in the United States. Nowadays, against the backdrop of intensifying masculinism in general and a growing masculinist anti-porn movement in particular, far-right antisemites try to make use of antipornography to spread antisemitic conspiracy narratives beyond the far right into the mainstream.
The many functions of Cuzco Quechua =pas: implications for the semantic map of additivity
Authors: Faller Martina
Published: March 2020

The additive enclitic =pas of Cuzco Quechua is multifunctional: besides marking additivity it also participates in the marking of concessivity, epistemic possibility and the formation of non-specific indefinite pronouns. This paper provides a description of these functions and proposes that they all involve a presupposition of existential quantification over alternatives. Their differences result from the type of alternatives quantified over, namely focus, epistemic or wh-alternatives. The particular clustering of functions found with =pas has implications for the semantic map of additivity proposed by Forker (2016), and presents a counterexample to three implicational universals it encapsulates. Modifications to the map are proposed to accommodate =pas, including connecting it with the semantic map of modality, and recognizing scalar additivity as a subtype of additivity.
SEISMIC HAZARD ESTIMATION IN STABLE CONTINENTAL REGIONS: DOES PSHA MEET THE NEEDS FOR MODERN ENGINEERING DESIGN IN AUSTRALIA?
Authors: Allen Trevor I.
Published: March 2020

Damaging earthquakes in Australia and other regions characterised by low seismicity are considered low probability but high consequence events. Uncertainties in modelling earthquake occurrence rates and ground motions for damaging earthquakes in these regions pose unique challenges to forecasting seismic hazard, including the use of this information as a reliable benchmark to improve seismic safety within our communities. Key challenges for assessing seismic hazards in these regions are explored, including: the completeness and continuity of earthquake catalogues; the identification and characterisation of neotectonic faults; the difficulties in characterising earthquake ground motions; the uncertainties in earthquake source modelling, and; the use of modern earthquake hazard information to support the development of future building provisions. Geoscience Australia recently released its 2018 National Seismic Hazard Assessment (NSHA18). Results from the NSHA18 indicate significantly lower seismic hazard across almost all Australian localities at the 1/500 annual exceedance probability level relative to the factors adopted for the current Australian Standard AS1170.4–2007 (R2018). These new hazard estimates have challenged notions of seismic hazard in Australia in terms of the recurrence of damaging ground motions. This raises the question of whether current practices in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) deliver the outcomes required to protect communities and infrastructure assets in low-seismicity regions, such as Australia. This manuscript explores a range of measures that could be undertaken to update and modernise the Australian earthquake loading standard, in the context of these modern seismic hazard estimates, including the use of alternate ground-motion exceedance probabilities for assigning seismic demands for ordinary-use structures. The estimation of seismic hazard at any location is an uncertain science, particularly in low-seismicity regions. However, as our knowledge of the physical characteristics of earthquakes improve, our estimates of the hazard will converge more closely to the actual – but unknowable – (time independent) hazard. Understanding the uncertainties in the estimation of seismic hazard is also of key importance, and new software and approaches allow hazard modellers to better understand and quantify this uncertainty. It is therefore prudent to regularly update the estimates of the seismic demands in our building codes using the best available evidence-based methods and models.
Security of Broadcast Authentication for Cloud-Enabled Wireless Medical Sensor Devices in 5G Networks
Authors: Hayajneh Abdullah Al , Alam Bhuiyan Md Zakirul , McAndrew Ian
Published: March 2020

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) has become one of the fastest growing technologies nowadays. There are some characteristic limitations in WBAN, especially when it comes to health-related applications that are used to monitor human bodies. To overcome and mitigate theses limitations in WBAN, cloud computing technology can be combined with the WBAN as a solution. We can classify the WBAN sensors in the cloud-based WBAN into i) nodes that monitor the human body and ii) WBAN actuators that take action upon the order commands from the medical staff. The biggest concern is the security of the medical commands to the WBAN actuators because if they are altered or tampered with, there can be serious consequences. Therefore, authentication plays an important role in securing cloud-based WBANs. In this article, we explore the security and privacy issues of Wireless Body Area Network combined with Mobile Cloud Computing (wMCC) with 5G mobile networks and investigate public-key based security solutions. At first, the paper presents a detailed description of wMCC architecture, discussing its main advantages and limitations. The main features of 5G mobile network are then presented, focusing on the advancement it may provide if integrated with wMCC systems. We further investigate the security issues of wMCC with 5G mobile networks while emphasizing the challenges that face this system in healthcare applications. The authentication techniques in wMCC are then classified and discussed with the feasibility of deploying practical solutions. Finally, we outline the main challenges and metrics of an ideal authentication protocols to be used in wMCC with 5G. The metrics are helpful for researchers in this field to evaluate, analyze, and compare the authentication protocols to decide the suitable application for each protocol.
Comparing Weighted Markov Chain and Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average in the Prediction of Under-5 Mortality Annual Closing Rates in Nigeria
Authors: Obasohan Phillips Edomwonyi
Published: March 2020

In developing countries, childhood mortality rates are not only affected by socioeconomic, demographic, and health variables, but also vary across regions. Correctly predicting childhood mortality rate trends can provide a clearer understanding for health policy formulation to reduce mortality. This paper describes and compares two prediction methods: Weighted Markov Chain Model (WMC) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) in order to establish which method can better predict the annual child mortality rate in Nigeria. The data for the study were Childhood Mortality Annual Closing Rates (CMACR) data for Nigeria from 1964-2017. The CMACR provides random values changing over time (annually), so we can analyze the mortality closing rate and predict the change range in the next state. Weighted Markov Chain (WMC), a method based on Markov theory, addresses the state and its transition procedures to describe a changing random time series. While the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) is a generalization of an Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) model. The findings indicate that the ARIMA model predicts CMACR for Nigeria better than WMC. The WMC entered in a loop after two iterations, and we could not use it effectively to predict the future values of CMACR.
CSVM: uma plataforma para CrowdSensing Móvel Dirigida por Modelos em Tempo de Execução
Authors: Melo Paulo , Costa Fábio , Da Rocha Ricardo
Published: March 2020

The complexity of applications in the mobile CrowdSensing domain is assiciated with factors such as interoperability among heterogeneous devices, identification and collevtion of data from these devices and adaptation of their use in dynamic environments. This paper introduces a platform based on models at runtime (M@RT) for the construction of mobile crowdsensing applications. the platform supports model-based creation and processing of queries directed to a distributed and dynamic set of sensor-capable devices. The paper presents the results of a performance evalutation that shows the impact of model processing in scenarios of mobile crowdsensing.
Caracterização da Micromobilidade em Redes Sem Fio Infraestruturadas pela Variação da Relação Sinal-Ruído
Authors: Luz Kerlla , Solís Priscilla , Garcia Henrique , Farias Mylène
Published: March 2020

Este trabalho avalia a viabilidade de utilização da variação da SNR (relação sinal-ruído) em redes infraestruturadas IEEE 802.11 para caracterização de micromobilidade. A partir de medidas que verificam a variação de SNR em estações com baixa mobilidade é apresentado um algoritmo para que uma estação possa se auto-identificar com micromobilidade e posteriormente, ativar um mecanismo para diminuir os quadros de gerenciamento e controle que tenham como objetivo apenas a verificação contínua da conexão com o ponto de acesso (AP). Os resultados experimentais permitem observar que com diversos graus de movimentação dos nós é possível identificar a micromobilidade com base em dois parâmetros: a variação da SNR e a prevalência com o AP.
Application of an Asynchronous Synchronous Alternator for Wind Power Plant of Low, Medium and High Power
Authors: Gandzha Sergey , Kotov Anton
Published: March 2020

The chapter shows the prospects for the development of alternative energy. The growth rate of wind energy is ahead of other types of alternative energy, but the development of wind energy is constrained by a number of technical contradictions that need to be solved. The main problem of wind power is that the power and direction of the wind flow are continuously changing. This leads to the fact that the frequency of rotation of the generator constantly varies and alternator produces energy with nonstandard parameters in amplitude, frequency and phase. Converting this energy into energy with standard parameters is a difficult technical task. A brief analysis of the different directions to solve this problem is shown. It is proved that the promising direction of solving this problem from the point of view of efficiency is the use of double-fed induction alternator (DFIA). The chapter describes the principle of operation of the DFIA, the theory of energy conversion based on equivalent circuits. Approaches to the optimal design of generators based on generalized variables are shown. Two variants of the generator design are described. One option is to contain an additional exciter generator to power the rotor. The design of this 10 kW generator is presented. In another version, the power supply function of the rotor is performed by the battery. In addition, the battery performs the function of accumulation of electricity. It is concluded that the development of wind power in the direction of the DFIA is promising. On the basis of the proposed concept, a number of wind power plants can be built with power from 10 kW to 6 MW. DFIA can operate in standalone mode and in conjunction with electrical grid. The design for the range of wind turbines will be the same type. The DFIA will differ only in size.
El entorno wiki y su aplicación didáctica innovadora
Authors: Hervás Mirian
Published: March 2020

La implementación de herramientas innovadoras como los Entornos Personales de Aprendizaje, concretamente las wikis, han proporcionado cambios en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje. Mediante la metodología de Investigación-Acción, esta herramienta fue utilizada en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios del Grado de Educación Social, cuyo objetivo era conocer el impacto del uso de este tipo de entornos en las competencias digitales y comunicativas. Entre los resultados destacan, en el alumnado, mejoras en competencias digitales, aprendizaje colaborativo, mejoras en su comunicación o compromiso; mientras, en los docentes, se observó un aumento de la práctica reflexiva, cooperación docente o creación de contenidos digitales. Estos resultados corroboran otros estudios, donde el uso de entornos digitales aumenta las competencias de los participantes, repercutiendo en un mayor afianzamiento de conocimientos y en habilidades. Aunque se encontraron como limitaciones una inicial reticencia, desconocimiento sobre el entorno, la escasa rigurosidad en el procedimiento de seguimiento al no contemplarse como una medida específica para la investigación, o la necesidad de seleccionar diseños metodológicos con mayor grado de experimentalidad, que ofrezcan evidencias prácticas. No obstante, esta propuesta ha puesto en evidencia la necesidad de incrementar las conexiones en la actual sociedad, para mejorar en las competencias digitales del alumnado y docentes

Applying an innovative tool like Personal Learning Environments, specially wikis, has led changes in the teaching-learning processes. Through Investigation-Action methodology, this tool was used in a group of university students from Social Education Degree, whose objective was awareness of the impact on the use of this type of environments in the digital and communication skills. The results emphasize, in the student, improvement in digital skills, collaborative learning, communication or engagement; while, in the professor, it was observed a rise the reflexive practice, educational cooperation or digital content creation. These results were corroborated by other studies, where the use of digital environments increases skills of the participants, impacting a greater strengthening of knowledge and skills. Although we found limitations such as an initial reticence, lack of knowledge about the environment, the insufficient rigor in the follow-up procedure because it was not contemplating as a specific measure for the research, or the need of selected methodological with higher degree of experimentation designs, which offering practical evidence. However, this proposal has revealed the need to increase connections in today's society, to improve digital competences in the students and professors
Número 19 completo
Authors: Autores Varios
Published: March 2020

Número 19 completo en PDF.
La ausencia del cuerpo y el sujeto político en los webdocumentales de Sharon Daniel
Authors: Zavala Diego
Published: March 2020

El presente artículo es un análisis multimodal de dos documentales web o webdocumentales de la artista americana, Sharon Daniel: Blood Sugar (2010) y Public Secrets (2007). A través de estas dos piezas, con una materialización audiovisual e interactiva particular, demostraremos cómo, a través de las interacciones de elementos, los documentales son capaces de generar una experiencia inmersiva y emocional, al tiempo que también logran presentar una perspectiva política y de construcción de una comunidad crítica sobre los temas de justicia social, encarcelamiento y marginación. Para evidenciar cómo los componentes visuales son un elemento primario para el planteamiento estético y político de los sitios web, utilizaremos el modelo de análisis multimodal de Luc Pauwels. Al final, mostraremos cómo el componente plástico y tipográfico de la propuesta visual de los documentales, herencia de la tradición experimental y de documental de arte, logran reducir la obsesión realista del documental político que usa la entrevista como mecanismo predilecto para recolectar evidencia visible de un testimonio.
El documental participativo: visibilidad y experiencia
Authors: Sucari Jacobo
Published: March 2020

Tribuna.
Cartografías de lo real: de las nuevas subjetividades a las narrativas expandidas
Authors: Arnau Roselló Roberto , Gifreu Castells Arnau
Published: March 2020

Presentación de la sección Informe del número 19.
La obra documental de Llorenç Soler como precursora de las nuevas subjetividades del cine de lo real
Authors: Bria Lahoz Carlos , Aran-Ramspott Sue
Published: March 2020

El artículo analiza la trayectoria fílmica del documentalista valenciano Llorenç Soler como uno de los cineastas más singulares y desconocidos de la cultura española contemporánea y, paradójicamente, uno de los precursores de muchas de las nuevas subjetividades del cine de lo real. A partir de los antecedentes del cine documental y de la reflexión histórica respecto a su función sobre la realidad, se recorre la carrera de Soler, que denuncia determinadas condiciones de vida de las clases sociales más bajas en el contexto de la España franquista. A principios de 1971 se produce un punto de inflexión donde el documentalista expresa una crisis autoral y la tensión entre un cine de contenido social y otro de naturaleza experimental. Desde el análisis fílmico y, especialmente, temático, se aborda el análisis de sus documentales a partir de esa tensión. Una tensión que no solo ejemplifica las diversas aportaciones teóricas que confluyen en la conceptualización del documental, sino que también funciona como testimonio de las dudas y elecciones que el autor muestra en torno a tres ejes temáticos principales: el compromiso con la alteridad, la militancia político social, y el eje cultural artístico. Las conclusiones señalan cómo la mirada crítica de Soler muestra la necesidad de buscar formas narrativas nuevas, con un carácter precursor de las más recientes aproximaciones a lo real, sobre todo desde las posibilidades del dispositivo digital. Estos recursos alteran la relación convencional entre autor y espectador, el papel de la memoria y los mecanismos de representación.
Tránsitos del documental chileno (2000-2018): Hacia una epistemología de la imagen documental
Authors: Pinto Veas Iván , Peirano Olate María Paz
Published: March 2020

El artículo busca definir e interrogar las transformaciones epistémicas y estéticas del documental chileno entre los años 2000 y 2018. A lo largo del texto se desglosan una serie de interrogantes vinculadas a la función representacional del cine documental contemporáneo chileno, que habría pasado de la analogía y el registro hacia distintos tipos de búsquedas del dispositivo cinematográfico. Así, desde la observación de un campo en movimiento, podemos decir que los límites clásicos del documental han tendido a ser borrados y expandidos hacia una exploración que problematiza las relaciones entre documento e imaginación ficcional. Creemos que los documentales chilenos recientes nos permiten discutir los alcances epistemológicos y estéticos del documental más allá del realismo formal. Con ello, abren la pregunta por el carácter eminentemente performativo del cine documental, por fuera de las categorías binarias con las que se lo ha pensado históricamente, abriendo así a un debate sobre nomenclaturas y formas de organizar sus sistemas de expresión.
La biopic musical argentina como fenómeno cultural: los casos de Gilda y El Potro
Authors: Dillon Alfredo
Published: March 2020

El artículo analiza las películas argentinas Gilda, no me arrepiento de este amor (2016) y El Potro, lo mejor del amor (2018), dos biopics musicales que permiten aproximarse al auge reciente del género biográfico en el campo audiovisual. Abordamos el fenómeno en el marco del denominado «retorno de lo real», que implica un interés creciente por las narraciones en las que las fronteras entre ficción y realidad se desdibujan. La biopic ofrece al espectador la promesa de un acceso a lo real y satisface una demanda contemporánea: el deseo del espectador de acceder a la vida privada de la persona pública. En las biopics de los cantantes Gilda y Rodrigo, escritas y dirigidas por Lorena Muñoz, el afán de humanizar a los protagonistas se traduce en una estructura dramática que traza el ascenso del ídolo popular, hasta que esa trayectoria ascendente se ve interrumpida de pronto por la muerte. Los films toman distancia de la imagen mítica de sus personajes y ponen el foco en la intimidad del artista, sus vínculos familiares, los conflictos con su entorno afectivo y consigo mismo. Como ficción híbrida, la biopic implica una tensión en la suspensión de la incredulidad: la historia oscila entre la veracidad y la invención, y el espectador permanece en un estado de incertidumbre en relación con el estatuto de los hechos narrados.
THE ENGLISH IMPRINTS OF DENMARK
Authors: M. Mitchell P.
Published: March 2020

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WILLIBALD PIRCKHEIMER OG ALBRECHT DÜRER ET NYT FUND
Authors: Magnussen Ib
Published: March 2020

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Sankt Ovis
Authors: Nørgaard Holger
Published: March 2020

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OM P. G. SKOVGAARDS GRUNDTVIG-PORTRÆTTER
Authors: P. ROHDE H.
Published: March 2020

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KINESISK CON AMORE
Authors: Lundbæk Knud
Published: March 2020

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AHASVERUS, DEN EVIGE JØDE
Authors: Dal Erik
Published: March 2020

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