bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A mathematical framework for estimating prototyping cost considering transition of quality states under Markovian setting
Authors: Goswami Mohit , Ramkumar M. , Daultani Yash
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This research aims to aid product development managers to estimate the expected cost associated with the development of cost-intensive physical prototypes considering transitions associated with pertinent states of quality of the prototype and corresponding decision policies under the Markovian setting.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors evolve two types of optimization-based mathematical models under both deterministic and randomized policies. Under the deterministic policy, the product development managers take certain decisions such as “Do nothing,” “Overhaul,” or “Replace” corresponding to different quality states of prototype such as “Good as new,” “Functional with minor deterioration,” “Functional with major deterioration” and “Non-functional.” Under the randomized policy, the product development managers ascertain the probability distribution associated with these decisions corresponding to various states of quality. In both types of mathematical models, i.e. related to deterministic and randomized settings, minimization of the expected cost of the prototype remains the objective function.

Findings

Employing an illustrative case of the operator cabin from the construction equipment domain, the authors ascertain that randomized policy provides us with better decision interventions such that the expected cost of the prototype remains lower than that associated with the deterministic policy. The authors also ascertain the steady-state probabilities associated with a prototype remaining in a particular quality state. These findings have implications for product development budget, time to market, product quality, etc.

Originality/value

The authors’ work contributes toward the development of optimization-driven mathematical models that can encapsulate the nuances related to the uncertainty of transition of quality states of a prototype, decision policies at each quality state of the prototype while considering such facets for all constituent subsystems of the prototype. As opposed to a typical prescriptive study, their study captures the inherent uncertainties associated with states of quality in the context of prototype testing, etc.
Reliability analysis of a two-unit‏ ‏standby system under Marshall–Olkin dependency
Authors: Yaghoubi Afshin , Niaki Seyed Taghi Akhavan
Published: December 2022

Purpose

One of the common approaches to improve systems reliability is using standby redundancy. Although many works are available in the literature on the applications of standby redundancy, the system components are assumed to be independent of each other. But, in reality, the system components can be dependent on one another, causing the failure of each component to affect the failure rate of the remaining active components. In this paper, a standby two-unit system is considered, assuming a dependency between the switch and its associated active component.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper assumes that the failures between the switch and its associated active component follow the Marshall–Olkin exponential bivariate exponential distribution. Then, the reliability analysis of the system is done using the continuous-time Markov chain method.

Findings

The derived equations application to determine the system steady-state availability, system reliability and sensitivity analysis on the mean time to failure is demonstrated using a numerical illustration.

Originality/value

All previous models assumed independency between the switch and the associated active unit in the standby redundancy approach. In this paper, the switch and its associated component are assumed to be dependent on each other.
Do ethics drive value co-creation behavior in online health communities?
Authors: Latif Muhammad Salman , Wang Jian-Jun , Shahzad Mohsin
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Online health communities (OHCs) have been recognized as emerging platforms on the Internet used for health purposes. Despite its emergence, developing a successful OHC is still a challenge. Prior studies identified that value co-creation behavior (VCB) of members is an essential factor for sustaining OHCs; however, little is known about how members’ behavior drives to co-create value? Therefore, this study aims to discover the inclusive mechanism for members’ VCB in OHCs.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors develop the study model and hypothesis based on the service-dominant logic of value co-creation theory and social support (SS) literature. The survey data of 608 active OHCs users in China were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

The results revealed that SS positively affects members’ VCBs. Ethical aspects; Trust and ethical interaction (EI) partially mediate their relationships. In addition, community members’ current health status (CHS) negatively moderates the relationships between SS and VCB. From the findings, it becomes evident that only SS is not enough; developing an ethical environment in OHCs, i.e. trust and ethically rich interactions among members, significantly helps OHCs to promote co-creation. Also, the negative moderation of CHS findings provides novel insights when cramming health conditions.

Originality/value

Exploring the complex mechanism of co-creation in OHC, the authors illustrate the potential of service-dominant logic to create new theoretical insight for healthcare and provide the framework of co-creation with ethics for the first time. This will extend the application of ethics in healthcare services and offer a robust platform from which the understanding of drivers of members’ VCB can be advanced in the OHC context.
Designation of Batu Arang, Selangor as the coal mining and Geological Heritage Site: issues and challenges
Authors: Ramele Ramli Rohaslinda , Ali Muhammad Haiqal , Anas Abu Bakar Abdullah , Widyawati Madzhi Nadia
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The paper explores the roles of involved organizations in the designation of Batu Arang in Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia, as the Coal Mining and Geological Heritage Site, the heritage significance selected as the elements of its designation and the challenges faced by the involved stakeholders during the designation process.

Design/methodology/approach

The primary research material is derived from the documentation review on the final draft of the Special Area Plan (RKK) of Batu Arang and the final draft of the Geopark Management Plan, field investigation on the heritage significances and interviews with the involved organizations: the Selayang Municipal Council (MPS), the State of Selangor Malay Custom and Heritage Corporation (PADAT) and the Village Community Management Council (MPKK) of Batu Arang.

Findings

This paper found that Batu Arang has the potential to be developed as an important heritage mining site and heritage tourism destination; however, many of the heritage significances are being demolished, invaded and abandoned due to human aggression or effects of nature. In addition, it reveals the roles of each involved organization, issues that occurred and challenges faced by the organizations during the designation process as a heritage site, namely in terms of management, property ownership and promotion.

Originality/value

The paper outlines that a heritage mining site like Batu Arang should be considered an important heritage as well as other heritage sites in Malaysia, and issues and challenges faced during the designation process should be discussed critically to ensure that these heritage significances will not be neglected and abandoned.
Stock buybacks and credit default swap spread changes
Authors: Park Heewoo , Park Yuen Jung
Published: December 2022

The authors investigate whether the effects of stock buyback announcements on credit default swap (CDS) spread changes for US firms depend on macroeconomic conditions. The authors find that abnormal CDS spreads increase for small-sized firms announced to repurchase a higher share ratio during the normal period. In contrast, abnormal CDS spreads decrease for big-sized firms regardless of the magnitude of the repurchase ratio during the crisis period. The results of this study suggest that the wealth transfer effect dominates the signaling effect for small-sized firms with higher target ratios during the normal period. In contrast, the signaling effect is stronger for bondholders of big-sized firms during the crisis period.
Numerical analysis of tensile failure of bolted composite laminates
Authors: Guo Zhangxin , Wei Shiyi , Kuai Pingyu , Chai Gin Boay , Wu Mingyu , Liang Jianguo
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The influence of the number and arrangement of bolts on the tensile properties of bolted composite laminates was studied in the present study.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the finite element model, the stiffness degradation method is used to simulate the damage evolution process for the failure of bolted composite laminates. Using ABAQUS finite element software combined with material failure criteria, the numerical calculation of the connection strength and failure mode of bolted composite laminates was carried out.

Findings

The results of the study show that the tensile strength of the composite laminates connected by three bolts is higher than that of the laminates connected by two bolts. And the arrangement of different bolts has a great influence on the failure strength of bolted laminates.

Originality/value

Bolted connection of composite laminates is a common problem in engineering practice. The effect of bolt arrangement and number on the strength of composite laminates is studied in this manuscript.
Plant associated protists—Untapped promising candidates for agrifood tools
Authors: Nguyen Bao‐Anh Thi , Dumack Kenneth , Trivedi Pankaj , Islam Zahra , Hu Hang‐Wei
Published: December 2022

The importance of host‐associated microorganisms and their biotic interactions for plant health and performance has been increasingly acknowledged. Protists, main predators and regulators of bacteria and fungi, are abundant and ubiquitous eukaryotes in terrestrial ecosystems. Protists are considered to benefit plant health and performance, but the community structure and functions of plant‐associated protists remain surprisingly underexplored. Harnessing plant‐associated protists and other microbes can potentially enhance plant health and productivity and sustain healthy food and agriculture systems. In this review, we summarize the knowledge of multifunctionality of protists and their interactions with other microbes in plant hosts, and propose a future framework to study plant‐associated protists and utilize protists as agrifood tools for benefiting agricultural production.
Effects of neoadjuvant hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy on chemotherapy response score and recurrence in high‐grade serous ovarian cancer patients with advanced disease: A multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Miao‐fang , Liang Jin‐xiao , Li Hui , Ye Yan‐fang , Liang Wei‐feng , Wang Li‐juan , Zhang Bing‐zhong , Chen Qing , Lin Zhong‐qiu , Li Jing
Published: December 2022

Objective

To investigate whether the combination of neoadjuvant hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (NHIPEC) plus intravenous neoadjuvant chemotherapy (IV NACT) has superior efficacy to IV NACT alone.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Two tertiary referral university hospitals.

Population

Patients with ovarian cancer who received NACT‐interval debulking surgery (IDS) between 2012 and 2020.

Methods

The tumour response to NACT was evaluated with the chemotherapy response score (CRS) system. Survival outcomes were compared.

Main outcome measures

CRS 3, progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

Results

In total, 127 patients were included, and 46 received NHIPEC plus IV NACT. The addition of NHIPEC was independently associated with an increased likelihood of CRS 3 (p = 0.033). Patients who received NHIPEC + IV NACT had significantly improved PFS compared with those who received IV NACT alone (median PFS: 22 versus 16 months, p < 0.001). The use of NHIPEC was identified as an independent predictor of PFS (p < 0.0001). OS did not differ significantly between treatment groups (p = 0.062), although a trend favouring NHIPEC was noted. Incidence of grade 3–4 adverse events and the surgical complexity score of IDS were similar between the two groups.

Conclusions

Compared with IV NACT alone, the combination of NHIPEC and IV NACT resulted in improved tumour response and longer PFS. The addition of NHIPEC did not increase the risk of adverse effects or affect the complexity of IDS.
Genomic Scar Score: A robust model predicting homologous recombination deficiency based on genomic instability
Authors: Yuan Wuzhou , Ni Jing , Wen Hao , Shi Weijie , Chen Xuejun , Huang Hongwei , Zhang Xiaotian , Lu Xuan , Zhu Changbin , Dong Hua , Yang Shuang , Wu Xiaohua , Chen Xiaoxiang
Published: December 2022

Objective

To develop a novel machine learning‐based algorithm called the Genomic Scar Score (GSS) for predicting homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) events.

Design

Method development study.

Setting

AmoyDx Medical Laboratory and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital.

Population or sample

A cohort of individuals with ovarian or breast cancer (n = 377) were collected from the AmoyDx Medical Laboratory. Another cohort of patients with ovarian cancer treated with PARP inhibitors (n = 58) was enrolled in the Jiangsu Cancer Hospital.

Methods

We used linear support vector machines to build a Genomic Scar (GS) model to predict HRD events, and Kaplan–Meier analyses were performed by comparing the progression‐free survival (PFS) of patients in different groups using a two‐sided log‐rank test.

Main outcome measures

The performance of the GS model and the result of clinical validation.

Results

The GS model displayed more than 97.0% sensitivity to detect BRCA‐deficient events, and the GS model identified patients that could benefit from poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), as the GS score (GSS)‐positive group had a longer progression‐free survival (PFS) (9.4 versus 4.4 months; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.54, P < 0.001) than the GSS‐negative group after PARPi treatment. Meanwhile, the GSS showed high concordance among different NGS panels, which implied the robustness of the GS model.

Conclusions

The GS was a robust model to predict HRD and had broad clinical applications in predicting which patients will respond favourably to PARPi treatment.
Response of the dung beetle community to different climatic zones: Does the land use system matter?
Authors: Korasaki Vanesca , Carvalho Sabrina N. , Correa César M. A. , Giestas Pedro H. C. , Vaz‐de‐Mello Fernando , Louzada Julio
Published: December 2022

The conversion of Brazilian savanna into exotic pastures leads to the loss of dung beetles and a decrease in their contribution to ecological functions. We hypothesized that the dung beetle communities from exotic pastures would show greater significant differences between climatic zones, when contrasted to communities from Brazilian savanna in the same region, since dung beetle assemblages in pastures are more simplified. We assessed which variables (purpose of production, type of management, percentage the habitat per buffer, soil penetration resistance, pasture area and herd size) affect more the dung beetle community in exotic pastures. We carried out this study in 48 areas of native Brazilian savannas and exotic pastures distributed across four bioclimatic zones: BZ1, hot with three dry months; BZ2, hot with 4–5 dry months; BZ3, sub‐hot with 4–5 dry months and BZ4, meso‐thermal with 4–5 dry months of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. In each BZ, six areas of Brazilian savannas and six areas of exotic pasture were selected. In the Brazilian savanna areas, the species richness, abundance and biomass of dung beetles did not differ between the bioclimatic zones, unlike the exotic pastures. The composition of the dung beetle community was different between land use systems and between bioclimatic zones; the interaction between the two factors was also significant. Our results provide evidence that dung beetle communities active in exotic pastures are more susceptible to climatic environmental variations than communities from more complex and stable habitats, such as savannas. Finally, the best model suggested that all the six variables combined explained about 91% of the total variability in species composition observed between sampling sites.
Small area estimation under a semi‐parametric covariate measured with error
Authors: Sefidkar Reyhane , Torabi Mahmoud , Kavousi Amir
Published: December 2022

In recent years, small area estimation has played an important role in statistics as it deals with the problem of obtaining reliable estimates for parameters of interest in areas with small or even zero sample sizes corresponding to population sizes. Nested error linear regression models are often used in small area estimation assuming that the covariates are measured without error and also the relationship between covariates and response variable is linear. Small area models have also been extended to the case in which a linear relationship may not hold, using penalised spline (P‐spline) regression, but assuming that the covariates are measured without error. Recently, a nested error regression model using a P‐spline regression model, for the fixed part of the model, has been studied assuming the presence of measurement error in covariate, in the Bayesian framework. In this paper, we propose a frequentist approach to study a semi‐parametric nested error regression model using P‐splines with a covariate measured with error. In particular, the pseudo‐empirical best predictors of small area means and their corresponding mean squared prediction error estimates are studied. Performance of the proposed approach is evaluated through a simulation and also by a real data application. We propose a frequentist approach to study a semi‐parametric nested error regression model using P‐splines with a covariate measured with error.
Groupitizing reflects conceptual developments in math cognition and inequities in math achievement from childhood through adolescence
Authors: Guillaume Mathieu , Roy Ethan , Van Rinsveld Amandine , Starkey Gillian S. ,   Project iLead Consortium, Uncapher Melina R. , McCandliss Bruce D.
Published: December 2022

Understanding the cognitive processes central to mathematical development is crucial to addressing systemic inequities in math achievement. We investigate the “Groupitizing” ability in 1209 third to eighth graders (mean age at first timepoint = 10.48, 586 girls, 39.16% Asian, 28.88% Hispanic/Latino, 18.51% White), a process that captures the ability to use grouping cues to access the exact value of a set. Groupitizing improves each year from late childhood to early adolescence (d = 3.29), is a central predictor of math achievement (beta weight = .30), is linked to conceptual processes in mathematics (minimum d = 0.69), and helps explain the dynamic between the ongoing development of non‐symbolic number concepts, systemic educational inequities in school associated with SES, and mathematics achievement (minimum beta weight = .11) in ways that explicit symbolic measures may miss.
Trends in nasopharyngeal cancer mortality in the United States, 1999–2020
Authors: Farhadi Kameron , Santella Anthony J. , Karaye Ibraheem M.
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) has been declining in the United States (US) in recent years. However, little is known about the latest trends in NPC mortality in the US population. This study aimed to examine the trends in NPC mortality rate by age, sex, race and ethnicity and US Census Region from 1999 to 2020.

Methods

Mortality data were extracted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide‐ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) database. Decedents whose cause of death was NPC were identified using the International Classification of Diseases Codes, 10th Revision: C11.0‐C11.9. Trends in age adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) from NPC were assessed using a joinpoint regression model. Annual Percentage Changes (APC) and Average Annual Percentage Changes were examined overall and by age, sex, race and ethnicity and census region.

Results

From 1999 through 2020, a total of 14 534 NPC deaths were recorded in the US (AAMR = 0.2 per 100 000; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.2). Overall trends remained stationary throughout the study period. Since 2006, recent trends declined by 6.1% per year (95% CI: −8.4, −3.7) among Non‐Hispanic Whites, and by 2.7% per year among Non‐Hispanic Blacks, Asians/Pacific Islanders and Hispanics. Trends either stabilized or declined by sex, age and US Census Region. Similar results were obtained when the analysis was restricted to decedents aged 65 years and above.

Conclusions

Stationary or declining trends in NPC mortality could be due to the falling incidence of the disease and/or advances in medical diagnosis and treatment. Considering the enigmatic nature of NPC, future studies should explore the genetic and sociodemographic factors associated with the trends reported in this study.
In vivo inhibition of epileptiform afterdischarges in rat hippocampus by light‐activated chloride channel, stGtACR2
Authors: Acharya Anirudh R. , Larsen Lars Emil , Delbeke Jean , Wadman Wytse J. , Vonck Kristl , Meurs Alfred , Boon Paul , Raedt Robrecht
Published: December 2022

Aims

The blue light‐sensitive chloride‐conducting opsin, stGtACR2, provides potent optogenetic silencing of neurons. The present study investigated whether activation of stGtACR2 in granule cells of the dentate gyrus (DG) inhibits epileptic afterdischarges in a rat model.

Methods

Rats were bilaterally injected with 0.9 μl of AAV2/7‐CaMKIIα‐stGtACR2‐fusionred in the DG. Three weeks later, afterdischarges were recorded from the DG by placing an optrode at the injection site and a stimulation electrode in the perforant path (PP). Afterdischarges were evoked every 10 min by unilateral electrical stimulation of the PP (20 Hz, 10 s). During every other afterdischarge, the DG was illuminated for 5 or 30 s, first ipsilaterally and then bilaterally to the PP stimulation. The line length metric of the afterdischarges was compared between illumination conditions.

Results

Ipsilateral stGtACR2 activation during afterdischarges decreased the local field potential line length only during illumination and specifically at the illuminated site but did not reduce afterdischarge duration. Bilateral illumination did not terminate the afterdischarges.

Conclusion

Optogenetic inhibition of excitatory neurons using the blue‐light sensitive chloride channel stGtACR2 reduced the amplitude of electrically induced afterdischarges in the DG at the site of illumination, but this local inhibitory effect was insufficient to reduce the duration of the afterdischarge.
An update on the pathological classification of breast cancer
Authors: Rakha Emad A , Tse Gary M , Quinn Cecily M
Published: December 2022

Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease, encompassing a diverse spectrum of tumours with varying morphological, biological, and clinical phenotypes. Although tumours may show phenotypic overlap, they often display different biological behaviour and response to therapy. Advances in high‐throughput molecular techniques and bioinformatics have contributed to improved understanding of BC biology and refinement of molecular taxonomy with the identification of specific molecular subclasses. Although the traditional pathological morphological classification of BC is of paramount importance and provides diagnostic and prognostic information, current interest focusses on the use of a single gene and multigene assays to stratify BC into distinct groups to guide decisions on systemic therapy. This review considers approaches to the classification of BC, including their limitations, and with particular emphasis on the fundamental role of morphology in establishing an accurate diagnosis of primary invasive carcinoma of breast origin. This forms the basis for further morphological characterization and for all other approaches to BC classification that are used to provide prognostic and therapeutic predictive information.
Beyond morphs: Inter‐individual colour variation despite strong genetic determinism of colour morphs in a wild bird
Authors: Mould Maya C. , Huet Michèle , Senegas Lou , Milá Borja , Thébaud Christophe , Bourgeois Yann , Chaine Alexis S.
Published: December 2022

Categorizing individuals into discrete forms in colour polymorphic species can overlook more subtle patterns in coloration that can be of functional significance. Thus, quantifying inter‐individual variation in these species at both within‐ and between‐morph levels is critical to understand the evolution of colour polymorphisms. Here we present analyses of inter‐individual colour variation in the Reunion grey white‐eye (Zosterops borbonicus), a colour polymorphic wild bird endemic to the island of Reunion in which all highland populations contain two sympatric colour morphs, with birds showing predominantly grey or brown plumage, respectively. We first quantified colour variation across multiple body areas by using a continuous plumage colour score to assess variation in brown‐grey coloration as well as smaller scale variation in light patches. To examine the possible causes of among‐individual variation, we tested if colour variation in plumage component elements could be explained by genotypes at two markers near a major‐effect locus previously related to back coloration in this species, and by other factors such as age, sex and body condition. Overall, grey‐brown coloration was largely determined by genetic factors and was best described by three distinct clusters that were associated to genotypic classes (homozygotes and heterozygote), with no effect of age or sex, whereas variation in smaller light patches was primarily related to age and sex. Our results highlight the importance of characterizing subtle plumage variation beyond morph categories that are readily observable since multiple patterns of colour variation may be driven by different mechanisms, have different functions and will likely respond in different ways to selection.
The galU gene is required for in vivo survival of pseudomonas plecoglossicida in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea)
Authors: Shu Feng‐Ling , Jin Li‐Yun , Liu Hao , Tao Zhen , Yin Fei , Xie Jia‐Song , Zhou Su‐Ming
Published: December 2022

Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is an important pathogenic bacterium in aquaculture that causes visceral granulomas in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Uridine diphosphate glucose phosphorylase encoded by galU plays a key role in biosynthesis of the bacterial envelope, particularly lipopolysaccharide and the capsule. In this study, we inactivated the galU gene in the P. plecoglossicida isolate XSDHY‐P. The galU mutant strain showed impaired growth in the early exponential stage and lacked the O polysaccharide side chain in lipopolysaccharide, but almost no defect in biofilm formation was detected. The galU mutant strain also exhibited significantly more sensitivity to the bactericidal action of normal fish serum mediated by the complement system compared to the wild‐type strain. In a cell model originating from the head kidney of large yellow croaker, the galU mutant strain showed lower capacities of adhesion, invasion, and intracellular survival compared to the wild‐type strain. In addition, the deficiency of the galU mutant drastically decreased bacterial loads in tissues and attenuated P. plecoglossicida virulence in fish. These results suggest that the galU gene of P. plecoglossicida is required for in vivo survival in large yellow croaker.
Blood metabolite profiles linking dietary patterns with health—Toward precision nutrition
Authors: Noerman Stefania , Landberg Rikard
Published: December 2022

Diet is one of the most important exposures that may affect health throughout life span. Investigations on dietary patterns rather than single food components are gaining in popularity because they take the complexity of the whole dietary context into account. Adherence to such dietary patterns can be measured by using metabolomics, which allows measurements of thousands of molecules simultaneously. Derived metabolite signatures of dietary patterns may reflect the consumption of specific groups of foods or their constituents originating from the dietary pattern per se, or the physiological response toward the food‐derived metabolites, their interaction with endogenous metabolism, and exogenous factors such as gut microbiota. Here, we review and discuss blood metabolite fingerprints of healthy dietary patterns. The plasma concentration of several food‐derived metabolites—such as betaines from whole grains and n − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and furan fatty acids from fish—seems to consistently reflect the intake of common foods of several healthy dietary patterns. The metabolites reflecting shared features of different healthy food indices form biomarker panels for which specific, targeted assays could be developed. The specificity of such biomarker panels would need to be validated, and proof‐of‐concept feeding trials are needed to evaluate to what extent the panels may mediate the effects of dietary patterns on disease risk indicators or if they are merely food intake biomarkers. Metabolites mediating health effects may represent novel targets for precision prevention strategies of clinical relevance to be verified in future studies.
Caste and Devotion: A Casteless Framework for (Some) Forms of Hindu Devotionalism
Authors: Gupta Akshay
Published: December 2022

The caste system has caused widespread oppression within Hinduism. In this paper, I analyze the Bhagavad Gītā (c. 500 BCE–200 CE) and the Bhāgavata Purāṇa (c. 9th century CE), two highly influential Hindu sacred texts, to understand how they conceptualize the relationship between caste and devotion (bhakti). I argue that there is a societal framework that does not maintain the caste system but which is consistent with these texts' soteriological vision and can be implemented in lieu of such a system. This framework demonstrates that for certain forms of Hindu religiosity, caste is not essential to uphold from a scriptural perspective. Given this framework, the caste system can be challenged and interrogated to a significant extent and alternative societal frameworks can be proposed. I also consider and respond to objections to the framework I put forth.
Protective Effect of Orbitides from Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) against Ultraviolet B‐induced Photoaging in Zebrafish
Authors: Zhang Yu , Cheng Dekun , Wang Zhangtie , Guo Yiwen , Chang Ming , Liu Ruijie
Published: December 2022

Excessive ultraviolet (UV) exposure is the primary environmental factor that contributes to skin aging. Orbitides have been considered as important functional components in linseed, and they are complex and multiple. In this study, linseed orbitides (LOs) were divided into oxidized linseed orbitides (OLOs) and reduced linseed orbitides (RLOs) and used to investigate protection against ultraviolet B‐induced photoaging in zebrafish. First, the results of the zebrafish embryo acute toxicity test showed that the OLOs had obvious embryo toxicity compared with RLOs. And RLOs had better effect in ultraviolet B‐treated zebrafish, which may significantly reduce the reactive oxygen species levels and inhibit the degradation of collagen. Besides, we also found that RLOs could effectively inhibit the oxidation of proteins and lipids and regulate the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, neutrophil recruitment to the dorsal and caudal fin regions was observed in UVB‐treated zebrafish, and RLOs effectively alleviated this migration. In conclusion, RLOs have strong photoprotective effects and potential to be used as antiphotoaging ingredients.
Ionic homeostasis and redox metabolism upregulated by 24‐epibrassinolide are crucial for mitigating nickel excess in soybean plants, enhancing photosystem II efficiency and biomass
Authors: Saraiva M. P. , Maia C. F. , Batista B. L. , Lobato A. K. da S.
Published: December 2022

Nickel (Ni) excess often generates oxidative stress in chloroplasts, causing redox imbalance, membrane damage and negative impacts on biomass. 24‐Epibrassinolide (EBR) is a plant growth regulator of great interest to the scientific community because it is a natural molecule extracted from plants, is biodegradable and environmentally friendly. This study aimed to determine whether EBR can improve ionic homeostasis, antioxidant enzymes, PSII efficiency and biomass by evaluating nutritional, physiological, biochemical and morphological responses of soybean plants subjected to Ni excess.

The experiment used four randomized treatments, with two Ni concentrations (0 and 200 μm Ni, described as –Ni2+ and +Ni2+, respectively) and two concentrations of EBR (0 and 100 nm EBR, described as –EBR and +EBR, respectively).

In general, Ni had deleterious effects on chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange. In contrast, EBR enhanced the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (15%) and electron transport rate (19%) due to upregulation of SOD, CAT, APX and POX.

Exogenous EBR application promoted significant increases in biomass, and these results were explained by improved nutrient content and ionic homeostasis, as demonstrated by increased Ca2+/Ni2+, Mg2+/Ni+2 and Mn2+/Ni2+ ratios.
Range estimation of a moving source using interference patterns in deep water
Authors: Liu Yuhan , Guo Lianghao , Zhang Weiyu , Yan Chao , Dong Ge
Published: December 2022

The frequency-range interference patterns of the acoustic field in the shadow zone of deep water correlate with the source location. However, extraction of such interference structure requires a broadband source and fails for narrowband signals. In this work, the narrowband depth-time interference patterns of the acoustic field from a moving source are investigated. Two types of time intervals in the observed patterns are derived based on the ray theory. These time intervals are correlated with the multipath arrival angles, which in turn imply the source range. The simulations and the experimental results demonstrate stable range estimations using the interference patterns.
Chirality logic gates
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Yadong , Dai Yunyun , Bai Xueyin , Hu Xuerong , Du Luojun , Hu Hai , Yang Xiaoxia , Li Diao , Dai Qing , Hasan Tawfique , Sun Zhipei
Published: December 2022

The ever-growing demand for faster and more efficient data transfer and processing has brought optical computation strategies to the forefront of research in next-generation computing. Here, we report a universal computing approach with the chirality degree of freedom. By exploiting the crystal symmetry–enabled well-known chiral selection rules, we demonstrate the viability of the concept in bulk silica crystals and atomically thin semiconductors and create ultrafast (<100-fs) all-optical chirality logic gates (XNOR, NOR, AND, XOR, OR, and NAND) and a half adder. We also validate the unique advantages of chirality gates by realizing multiple gates with simultaneous operation in a single device and electrical control. Our first demonstrations of logic gates using chiral selection rules suggest that optical chirality could provide a powerful degree of freedom for future optical computing.
Visible light–initiated radical 1,3-difunctionalization of β,γ-unsaturated ketones
Authors: Liu Ruihua , Tian Yang , Wang Jie , Wang Zemin , Li Xiangqian , Zhao Chenyang , Yao Ruoyu , Li Shuo , Yuan Leifeng , Yang Jinbo , Shi Dayong
Published: December 2022

Radical-mediated 1,2-difunctionalization of olefins is a well-established synthetic technique widely used in the rapid construction of structurally diverse molecular entities. However, radical-mediated 1,3-difunctionalization reactions are rare, and the substrates are generally limited to strained skeletons. Here, we report a practical approach for 1,3-difunctionalization of available β,γ-unsaturated ketones via a radical cascade process including visible light–irradiated radical addition, thermodynamic stability–driven 1,2-carbonyl migration from unactivated all-carbon quaternary center, and terminal C-radical varied transformations. Various highly functionalized alkyl skeletons with different valuable functional groups at positions 1 and 3 and the carbonyl group at position 2 have been synthesized through a radical chain pathway or Cu-catalyzed Ritter-type reaction. Moreover, this protocol provides a real case of diversity-oriented radical rearrangement for drug discovery. We identified a previously unknown chemotype of dual inhibitors for hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and WNT signaling pathways from products. These small-molecule inhibitors could suppress HIF and WNT signaling–dependent HCT116 cell growth in 2D and 3D culture systems.
Addressing census data problems in race imputation via fully Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding and name supplements
Authors: Imai Kosuke , Olivella Santiago , Rosenman Evan T. R.
Published: December 2022

Prediction of individuals’ race and ethnicity plays an important role in studies of racial disparity. Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG), which relies on detailed census information, has emerged as a leading methodology for this prediction task. Unfortunately, BISG suffers from two data problems. First, the census often contains zero counts for minority groups in the locations where members of those groups reside. Second, many surnames—especially those of minorities—are missing from the census data. We introduce a fully Bayesian BISG (fBISG) methodology that accounts for census measurement error by extending the naïve Bayesian inference of the BISG methodology. We also use additional data on last, first, and middle names taken from the voter files of six Southern states where self-reported race is available. Our empirical validation shows that the fBISG methodology and name supplements substantially improve the accuracy of race imputation, especially for racial minorities.
Genetic Engineering in Mycobacteria
Authors: Armianinova D. K. , Karpov D. S. , Kotliarova M. S. , Goncharenko A. V.
Published: December 2022

Genetic tools for targeted modification of the mycobacterial genome contribute to the understanding of the physiology and virulence mechanisms of mycobacteria. Human and animal pathogens, such as the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, which causes tuberculosis, and M. leprae, which causes leprosy, are of particular importance. Genetic research opens up novel opportunities to identify and validate new targets for antibacterial drugs and to develop improved vaccines. Although mycobacteria are difficult to work with due to their slow growth rate and a limited possibility to transfer genetic information, significant progress has been made in developing genetic engineering methods for mycobacteria. The review considers the main approaches to changing the mycobacterial genome in a targeted manner, including homologous and site-specific recombination and use of the CRISPR/Cas system.
Cell-based cccDNA reporter assay combined with functional genomics identifies YBX1 as HBV cccDNA host factor and antiviral candidate target
Authors: Verrier Eloi R , Ligat Gaëtan , Heydmann Laura , Doernbrack Katharina , Miller Julija , Maglott-Roth Anne , Jühling Frank , El Saghire Houssein , Heuschkel Margaux J , Fujiwara Naoto , Hsieh Sen-Yung , Hoshida Yujin , Root David E , Felli Emanuele , Pessaux Patrick , Mukherji Atish , Mailly Laurent , Schuster Catherine , Brino Laurent , Nassal Michael , Baumert Thomas F.
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. A key feature of HBV replication is the synthesis of the covalently close circular (ccc)DNA, not targeted by current treatments and whose elimination would be crucial for viral cure. To date, little is known about cccDNA formation. One major challenge to address this urgent question is the absence of robust models for the study of cccDNA biology.

Design

We established a cell-based HBV cccDNA reporter assay and performed a loss-of-function screen targeting 239 genes encoding the human DNA damage response machinery.

Results

Overcoming the limitations of current models, the reporter assay enables to quantity cccDNA levels using a robust ELISA as a readout. A loss-of-function screen identified 27 candidate cccDNA host factors, including Y box binding protein 1 (YBX1), a DNA binding protein regulating transcription and translation. Validation studies in authentic infection models revealed a robust decrease in HBV cccDNA levels following silencing, providing proof-of-concept for the importance of YBX1 in the early steps of the HBV life cycle. In patients,YBX1expression robustly correlates with both HBV load and liver disease progression.

Conclusion

Our cell-based reporter assay enables the discovery of HBV cccDNA host factors including YBX1 and is suitable for the characterisation of cccDNA-related host factors, antiviral targets and compounds.
Statistical analysis and prediction of force and overtopping rates on large-scale vertical walls using support vector machine and random forest regression
Authors: Croquer Sergio , Poncet Sébastien , Lacey Jay , Nistor Ioan
Published: December 2022

This study provides a statistical basis to determine the most influencing parameters on forces and overtopping over vertical walls, as well as to showcase the usability of machine learning modelling in coastal engineering. To this end, horizontal force and overtopping data for regular waves of varying height (0.63–1.65 m), period (4–8 s), and water depth (3.37–3.97 m) over a vertical wall were studied using redundancy analysis (RDA) and regressed using multiple linear regression, support vector regression (SVR), and random forest regression (RFR). The RDA showed that about 60% of the output variable variance can be explained by the structure dimensions and 15% by the incoming wave characteristics. The SVR approach better predicted the average force (mean relative error (MRE) = 39.9% and R2 = 0.346), whereas the RFR technique better predicted overtopping discharges (MRE = 46.7% and R2 = 0.802). By expanding the database, the error on overtopping prediction was reduced to 22.1% and 27.5%, respectively, for the SVR and RFR.
Glacial microsedimentology—a new lens to investigate glacial sediments—a review
Authors: Menzies John
Published: December 2022

Glacial sediment research using thin sections began post-1945. Microsedimentology examines sediments at the microscopic level deriving insights into the processes of glacial erosion, transport, and deposition. Two issues exist (1) the difficulty by some in recognizing microstructures in thin section and (2) the absence of quantitative data making data reproduction difficult. The latter is hard to resolve but more image capture and software methodologies are now becoming available at reasonable costs. Thin sections are two-dimensional sections of three-dimensional objects, and this must be considered when measurements, fabrics and other data are assessed. Research into the microaspects of glacial sediments followed a typical scientific trajectory: thin sections description with little uniformity or common “language” for observed microstructures: standardization allowed comparison between different sediments; with standardization, came an open-ended classification; and with cross-comparison with multiple thin sections—a quantitative means of study needs developed. It has become apparent that the basic principles of structural geology had to be applied. Thus, micromorphology has subsumed into a microsedimentological study of glacial sediments where stress parameters, structural fabrics and the mapping of deformation structures and contextual integration allows an understanding of how these sediments have been formed. Examples of the development stages of glacial micromorphology/sedimentology are presented here as well as discussion of future avenues of study. In addition, multiple thin sections are used to illustrate the many aspects of glacial micromorphology and the parameters necessary to understand glacial sedimentology and the processes of glacial sedimentation.
Whittaker modules for the N = 1 super-BMS3 algebra
Authors: Dilxat Munayim , Gao Shoulan , Liu Dong
Published: December 2022

This paper is devoted to defining and studying Whittaker modules and high order Whittaker modules for the [Formula: see text] super-BMS3 algebra. We also classify the simple Whittaker modules and obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for the irreducibility of these modules.
Random matrix theory and moments of moments of L-functions
Authors: Andrade J. C. , Best C. G.
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we give an analytic proof of the asymptotic behavior of the moments of moments of the characteristic polynomials of random symplectic and orthogonal matrices. We therefore obtain alternate, integral expressions for the leading order coefficients previously found by Assiotis, Bailey and Keating. We also discuss the conjectures of Bailey and Keating for the corresponding moments of moments of [Formula: see text]-functions with symplectic and orthogonal symmetry. Specifically, we show that these conjectures follow from the shifted moments conjecture of Conrey, Farmer, Keating, Rubinstein and Snaith.
INTERACTION BETWEEN FDI AND ENERGY USE ON EMISSIONS: ASEAN PANEL EVIDENCE
Authors: UZAPUSPA MEERZA HELMI , ABDUL RAZAK LUTFI
Published: December 2022

This study looks at carbon emissions among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries during the period 2000–2019. Through panel data using both pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) and panel least square regressions, the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is tested as well as a model which includes GDP per capita, foreign direct investment (FDI), energy use, trade and an interaction term between FDI and energy use. The interaction term is built from and being expanded from the existing FDI–energy nexus. A cointegration test is also conducted to find out whether there exists a long-run relationship among the variables. The findings indicate that as a whole region, ASEAN observes the EKC hypothesis but different results occur when categories of oil versus non-oil exporting and Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam (CLMV) versus non-CLMV countries are defined. In ASEAN overall, the pooled and panel data regressions suggest GDP per capita, FDI and energy use would increase emissions. In contrast, trade would reduce carbon emissions. The interaction term of FDI and energy was found to be a mediating variable and it was statistically significant. Policy implications are discussed.
SoK: Human-centered Phishing Susceptibility
Authors: Zhuo Sijie , Biddle Robert , Koh Yun Sing , Lottridge Danielle , Russello Giovanni
Published: December 2022

Phishing is recognized as a serious threat to organizations and individuals. While there have been significant technical advances in blocking phishing attacks, end-users remain the last line of defence after phishing emails reach their email inboxes. Most of the existing literature on this subject has focused on the technical aspects related to phishing. The factors that cause humans to be susceptible to phishing attacks are still not well-understood. To fill this gap, we reviewed the available literature and systematically categorized the phishing susceptibility variables studied. We classify variables based on their temporal scope, which led us to propose a three-stage Phishing Susceptibility Model (PSM) for explaining how humans are vulnerable to phishing attacks. This model reveals several research gaps that need to be addressed to understand and improve protection against phishing susceptibility. Our review also systematizes existing studies by their sample size and generalizability and further suggests a practical impact assessment of the value of studying variables: Some more easily lead to improvements than others. We believe that this article can provide guidelines for future phishing susceptibility research to improve experiment design and the quality of findings.