bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teksten som problem i 8A. Affinitet og tiltrekningskraft i samtaler om «Brønnen»
Authors: Sønneland Margrethe , Skaftun Atle
Published: November 2017

Denne artikkelen utforsker hva som skjer når ungdomsskoleelever får arbeide med fagspesifikke problemer i norsk på egen hånd. Problemet elevene møter og samtaler om er novellen «Brønnen» av Roy Jacobsen, en tekst som byr på litteraturfaglige utfordringer knyttet til form og innhold. Analysen gjennomføres i to steg. I første steg rettes oppmerksomheten mot timen og alle samtalene i klasserommet som fenomenologisk helhet, for å fange opp og formidle forskernes opplevelse av stemning og engasjement blant elevene. Deretter analyseres én av samtalene mer inngående som et kritisk case for å underbygge og validere den første analysen. Analysene gjøres i lys av James Paul Gees diskursanalytiske building tasks, med særlig interesse for tilskriving av signifikans – det vi vil kalle verdsetting. Analysen viser at elevene verdsetter å samtale om fagspesifikke problemer på egen hånd, og dette diskuteres i lys av James Paul Gees og Elisabeth Hayes’ læringsteori om affinitetsrom (2012).Nøkkelord: fagspesifikke problemer, affinitetsrom, fagspesifikk literacy-praksis, litteratursamtaler AbstractThis article explores what happens when pupils in lower secondary school work with subject-specific problems in the Norwegian subject by themselves. The problem that these students encounter and talk about, is the short story “Brønnen” by Roy Jacobsen. This short story is a text that offers literary challenges relating to both style and content. The analysis is conducted in two steps. First, the attention is drawn to the classroom and to all the conversations understood as a phenomenological whole. This is done in order to capture and convey the researchers' experience of mood and engagement among the students. Second, one of the conversations, seen as a critical case, is analysed in depth for the purpose of underpinning and validating the first analysis. This analysis is conducted in the light of James Paul Gee's discourse-analytical building tasks, paying particular attention to significance. The analysis shows that students appreciate being provided with opportunities to explore subject-specific problems by themselves. James Paul Gee’s and Elisabeth Hayes’ (2012) learning theory on affinity spaces provides the backdrop for the discussion of this finding.Keywords: subject-specific problems, affinity spaces, disciplinary literacy-practice, literary conversations
Svøpt i myra – Synspunkter på Skjoldehamnfunnets etniske og kulturelle tilknytning
Authors: Svestad Asgeir
Published: November 2017

Wrapped in the bog. Perspectives on the Skjoldehamn find and its ethnic and cultural affiliationIn 1936 an extraordinary find of a clothed skeleton wrapped in a blanket and covered with birch bark appeared in a bog at Skjoldehamn on Andøya Island. The wrapped body was laid on a reindeer pelt, which in turn was placed on sticks of birch. The grave dates to the 11th century, probably the later half. Compared with relevant Norse, Sámi, and Christian graves and burial customs, the Skjoldehamn grave exhibits several similar features, although typical Christian features seem absent. Norse and Sámi graves display a blend of ethnic features, which makes it difficult to single out a particular burial custom or ethnic affiliation. Previous analyses of the Skjoldehamn costume and shoe fragments strongly indicate similarities with Sámi costume and shoe-making from the 17th century and later. Recent analysis of the metal content of cast rings/pearls from the costume has yielded mean values of 93 % pewter and 6 % lead. Casting of pewter objects is an exclusive Sámi craft in Fenno-Scandinavia and similar objects are documented in several Sámi contexts from the 11th to 14th centuries. Judging from costume and craft traditions alone, the Skjoldehamn find appears to be Sámi. Mixed grave features, however, indicate a more hybrid affiliation.
Luminescence of X-ray induced radiation defects in modified lithium orthosilicate pebbles with additions of titanium dioxide
Authors: Cipa Janis , Kizane Gunta , Supe Arnis , Zolotarjovs Aleksejs , Zarins Arturs , Baumane Larisa
Published: November 2017

Modified lithium orthosilicate (Li4SiO4) pebbles with additions of titanium dioxide (TiO2) are designed as a possible tritium breeder ceramic for the helium cooled pebble bed (HCPB) test blanket module. Additions of TiO2 were chosen to enhance mechanical properties of the tritium breeder pebbles. The formation of radiation defects (RD) in the modified Li4SiO4 pebbles with a different content of TiO2 was studied by X-ray induced luminescence (XRL) technique. After XRL measurements the accumulated RD were also analyzed by thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry. XRL spectra consist of several bands with maxima at around 430, 490, 690, 700 and 800 nm. The XRL band with a peak at 490 nm could be associated with intrinsic defects in Li4SiO4 matrix whereas all the other maxima at lower photon energies are the result of the addition of TiO2.
Thermal neutron detection using thin PEN film doped with high cross section materials
Authors: Garankin Jevgenij , Plukis Artūras , Lagzdina Elena
Published: November 2017

Poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PEN) is promising as a new plastic scintillator, which emits deep-blue photons. Its photoluminescence emission peak (434–436 nm) and the decay time is of the order of 3 ns, as well as it is resistant to harsh environment. In this study, thin PEN film with high neutron cross section dopants was used for the thermal neutron detection. Iron boride, lithium tetraborate and lithium metaborate layers were coated on a 125 µm PEN film. Reaction particles from the boron neutron and lithium neutron reaction were detected by scintillation in PEN, and photomultiplier (PMT) pulses were registered and analysed. Energy deposition in the film samples was calculated using MCNP6 code taking into account losses in the source and air gap for the alpha particle source and incomplete energy deposition for the electrons. It was found that a small quantity of particles from the thermal neutron reaction could be detected in the strong neutron, gamma ray and recoil proton background.
El Cerro de la Ermita de La Encarnación (Caravaca de la Cruz, Murcia): santuario y territorio en el mundo ibérico del Sureste peninsular.
Authors: López-Mondejar Leticia
Published: November 2017

Los lugares de culto, como elementos del paisaje, desarrollaron un papel fundamental a nivel territorial entre las comunidades protohistóricas mediterráneas, incluido el propio mundo ibérico. Dicho papel ha sido sin embargo escasamente estudiado en el ámbito del Sureste y, concretamente, en el caso del importante santuario localizado en La Encarnación (Caravaca, Murcia). El objetivo del presente trabajo es insertar dicho lugar de culto en su contexto espacial, analizando su papel territorial desde una triple perspectiva: en conexión con el oppidum, en relación con el territorio vinculado a éste y, finalmente, su papel más allá del territorio de dicho oppidum.
Richardson, S. y Garfinkle, S. (eds.) (2016). Scholarship and Inquiry in the Ancient Near East (=Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History special issue, vol. 2/2, 2015) Berlin: de Gruyter. 179 págs.
Authors: Álvarez García Juan
Published: November 2017

La obra fue editada a petición de Seth Richardson y Steven Garfinkle (quien es además coeditor de la revista junto con Marc van de Mieroop). El tema central de este número especial versa sobre la producción, organización y edición del conocimiento cuneiforme. Para aproximarse a este tema se eligieron cuatro ámbitos en torno a los cuales se han realizado cuatro contribuciones por parte de distintos estudiosos sobre la historia del conocimiento en el Próximo Oriente Antiguo.

La obra fue editada a petición de Seth Richardson y Steven Garfinkle (quien es además coeditor de la revista junto con Marc van de Mieroop). El tema central de este número especial versa sobre la producción, organización y edición del conocimiento cuneiforme. Para aproximarse a este tema se eligieron cuatro ámbitos en torno a los cuales se han realizado cuatro contribuciones por parte de distintos estudiosos sobre la historia del conocimiento en el Próximo Oriente Antiguo.
La normalisation et la gestion intégrée des documents (GID) : quelle relation ? Réflexion sur les normes ISO 30300, ISO 30301, ISO 14641 et leur apport à l’implantation des systèmes de GID
Authors: Alaoui Siham
Published: November 2017

Les organisations se servent des documents produits et reçus quotidiennement pour la réalisation effective de leurs activités. Avec la production documentaire en croissance exponentielle, ces organisations tendent à implanter des systèmes de gestion documentaire dans l’objectif de pallier les différents problèmes liés à la gestion, au repérage et à la conservation des documents. Au Québec, les organisations ont commencé à implanter des systèmes de gestion intégrée des documents (GID), visant à gérer les documents dans la diversité de leurs supports et tout au long de leur cycle de vie. La nature complexe de ces systèmes remet en question leur implantation réussie, d’où la nécessité de se doter de lignes directrices ou d’un cadre normatif servant à piloter ces projets. Les normes de l’Organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO), soit ISO 30300 et ISO 30301 pour les systèmes de gestion des documents d’activité, ainsi que l’ISO 14641 pour l’archivage légal et probatoire des documents constituent un cadre normatif pertinent pour l’implantation réussie et l’utilisation effective des systèmes de GID dans les organisations. Cet article présente une réflexion sur l’apport de ces normes à l’implantation de ces systèmes, en partant de la perspective québécoise en archivistique.
L’archivage du Web : bibliothèques et archives à la croisée des chemins
Authors: Oury Clément
Published: November 2017

Le Web est devenu, en quelques années, un support essentiel de diffusion de l’information. Cependant, la nature même du Web remet en cause une des fonctions principales des institutions culturelles : la conservation du patrimoine. Cela est d’autant plus le cas pour les bibliothèques nationales qu’elles sont souvent en charge, au titre de leur mission de dépôt légal, de la collecte et de la conservation de l’ensemble de la production scientifique et culturelle d’une nation. Pour faire face aux défis que représentait l’archivage d’une masse de données aussi vaste et aussi hétérogène, les bibliothèques ont donc été amenées à questionner leurs approches. Elles ont dû notamment s’inspirer des démarches d’autres communautés professionnelles, particulièrement celle des archivistes. La terminologie et certaines méthodes archivistiques ont souvent été employées : accent mis sur la collecte, pratique de l’échantillonnage… De fait, les collections constituées ont elles-mêmes un statut hybride, tenant à la fois de la publication et du document d’archives. Puisque les archives du Web sont des artefacts, des agrégats complexes, la question de l’authenticité prend également une place déterminante. L’ouverture à de nouvelles approches– qui ne signifie pas forcément une fusion des identités professionnelles – doit inciter à la coopération entre institutions.
Les centres et les services d’archives du Québec se font tirer le portrait… statistique. Quelques considérations méthodologiques et résultats d’une préenquête1
Authors: Zwarich Natasha , Maurel Dominique , Lemelin Pascal , Baillargeon Diane , David François , Rowat Theresa
Published: November 2017

L’étude menée par les auteurs vise à identifier les données à recueillir sur les centres et services d’archives du Québec afin de dresser un portrait statistique de ces institutions lors d’une enquête de grande envergure prévue pour la fin de 2016 et le début de 2017. Cet article présente les étapes réalisées dans le cadre d’une préenquête visant à la préparer. Douze participants ont répondu au questionnaire de préenquête qui portait sur divers aspects de la pratique archivistique, dont l’administration, les ressources, les documents numériques ainsi que la gestion documentaire et la gestion des archives historiques. Les résultats obtenus mettent en lumière les défis méthodologiques posés par la collecte de données statistiques et les efforts de normalisation à entreprendre pour disposer de telles données. Au terme de l’ensemble du projet, les données recueillies constitueront un premier jalon vers une stratégie d’amélioration continue des centres et services d’archives. De plus, elles favoriseront l’étude de l’évolution du milieu professionnel archivistique.
I-ATAC: interactive pipeline for the management and pre-processing of ATAC-seq samples
Authors: Ahmed Zeeshan , Ucar Duygu
Published: November 2017

Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin (ATAC-seq) is an open chromatin profiling assay that is adapted to interrogate chromatin accessibility from small cell numbers. ATAC-seq surmounted a major technical barrier and enabled epigenome profiling of clinical samples. With this advancement in technology, we are now accumulating ATAC-seq samples from clinical samples at an unprecedented rate. These epigenomic profiles hold the key to uncovering how transcriptional programs are established in diverse human cells and are disrupted by genetic or environmental factors. Thus, the barrier to deriving important clinical insights from clinical epigenomic samples is no longer one of data generation but of data analysis. Specifically, we are still missing easy-to-use software tools that will enable non-computational scientists to analyze their own ATAC-seq samples. To facilitate systematic pre-processing and management of ATAC-seq samples, we developed an interactive, cross-platform, user-friendly and customized desktop application: interactive-ATAC (I-ATAC). I-ATAC integrates command-line data processing tools (FASTQC, Trimmomatic, BWA, Picard, ATAC_BAM_shiftrt_gappedAlign.pl, Bedtools and Macs2) into an easy-to-use platform with user interface to automatically pre-process ATAC-seq samples with parallelized and customizable pipelines. Its performance has been tested using public ATAC-seq datasets in GM12878 and CD4+T cells and a feature-based comparison is performed with some available interactive LIMS (Galaxy, SMITH, SeqBench, Wasp, NG6, openBIS). I-ATAC is designed to empower non-computational scientists to process their own datasets and to break to exclusivity of data analyses to computational scientists. Additionally, I-ATAC is capable of processing WGS and ChIP-seq samples, and can be customized by the user for one-independent or multiple-sequential operations.
Recent Basal Melting of a Mid‐Latitude Glacier on Mars
Authors: Butcher Frances E. G. , Balme M. R. , Gallagher C. , Arnold N. S. , Conway S. J. , Hagermann A. , Lewis S. R.
Published: November 2017

Evidence for past basal melting of young (late Amazonian‐aged), debris‐covered glaciers in Mars' mid‐latitudes is extremely rare. Thus, it is widely thought that these viscous flow features (VFFs) have been perennially frozen to their beds. We identify an instance of recent, localized wet‐based mid‐latitude glaciation, evidenced by a candidate esker emerging from a VFF in a tectonic rift in Tempe Terra. Eskers are sedimentary ridges deposited in ice‐walled meltwater conduits and are indicative of glacial melting. We compare the candidate esker to terrestrial analogues, present a geomorphic map of landforms in the rift, and develop a landsystem model to explain their formation. We propose that the candidate esker formed during a transient phase of wet‐based glaciation. We then consider the similarity between the geologic setting of the new candidate esker and that of the only other candidate esker to be identified in association with an existing mid‐latitude VFF; both are within tectonic graben/rifts proximal to volcanic provinces. Finally, we calculate potential basal temperatures for a range of VFF thicknesses, driving stresses, mean annual surface temperatures, and geothermal heat fluxes, which unlike previous studies, include the possible role of internal strain heating. Strain heating can form an important additional heat source, especially in flow convergence zones, or where ice is warmer due to elevated surface temperatures or geothermal heat flux. Elevated geothermal heat flux within rifts, perhaps combined with locally‐elevated strain heating, may have permitted wet‐based glaciation during the late Amazonian, when cold climates precluded more extensive wet‐based glaciation on Mars.
SWAT‐Based Hydrological Data Assimilation System (SWAT‐HDAS): Description and Case Application to River Basin‐Scale Hydrological Predictions
Authors: Zhang Ying , Hou Jinliang , Gu Juan , Huang Chunlin , Li Xin
Published: November 2017

This paper presents the development and application of a physically based hydrological data assimilation system (HDAS) using the gridded and parallelized Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWATGP) distributed hydrological model. This SWAT‐HDAS software integrates remotely sensed data, including the leaf area index (LAI), snow cover fraction, snow water equivalent, soil moisture, and ground‐based observational data (e.g., from discharge and ground sensor networks), with SWATGP and the Parallel Data Assimilation Framework (PDAF) to accurately characterize watershed hydrological states and fluxes. SWAT‐HDAS employs high‐performance computational technologies to address the computational challenges of high‐resolution and/or large‐area modeling. Multiple observational system simulation experiments (OSSEs), including soil moisture assimilation experiments, snow water equivalent assimilation experiments, and streamflow assimilation experiments, were designed to validate the assimilation efficiency of various types of observations within SWAT‐HDAS using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) algorithm. Both the temporal and spatial correlations in the trend/pattern and the magnitudes of improvement between the simulated and “true” states (i.e., for soil moisture, snow water equivalent, and discharge) were satisfactory using the integrated assimilation, which suggests the reliability of SWAT‐HDAS for regional hydrology studies. The streamflow assimilation experiment also showed that the observation location dramatically influences the assimilation efficiency. The quantity and quality of observations have effects of varying degrees on the streamflow predictions. SWAT‐HDAS is a promising tool for hydrological studies and applications under climate and environmental change scenarios.
The Person Case Constraint
Authors: Anagnostopoulou Elena
Published: November 2017

This constraint, which is extremely robust cross‐linguistically, is known as theperson case constraint(PCC), comes in several versions (Strong, Weak, Ultrastrong, and Me‐First), and has been related to a number of other phenomena showing restrictions on person agreement. This survey concentrates on different syntactic approaches to the PCC, as these have been developed in the past 15 years or so, focusing on the question of the scope of the constraint and its relation to comparable agreement restrictions in other domains. After presenting the different versions of the PCC and summarizing its main properties, I discuss some representative approaches to the Strong PCC based on Agree and relate Strong PCC effects to comparable restrictions. I then focus on the Weak PCC and the proposals that have been put forth to derive the various versions of the PCC on the basis of parameterizations of properties of Agree. I finally critically discuss (i) a proposal that has treated the PCC in terms of cartography and (ii) a functional, frequency‐based approach.
Conditionals
Authors: Bhatt Rajesh , Pancheva Roumyana
Published: November 2017

We provide a survey of major issues in the syntax of conditionals, advancing the view thatif‐clauses are free relatives of possible worlds. Similarly to the more familiar instances of free relatives of individuals, (i) conditional clauses likely involve clause‐internal operator‐movement to [SpecCP]; (ii) they receive the interpretation of definite descriptions; and (iii) they may participate in correlative structures as happens in the subcase of conditionals with the proformthen. Going beyond the core cases of hypothetical conditionals, we also examine the syntax of relevance and factual conditionals.
Inflected Infinitives in Romance
Authors: Ambar Manuela , Jiménez‐Fernández Ángel L.
Published: November 2017

In this chapter we explore the properties of inflected infinitives in Portuguese and establish a parallelism with Spanish and Italian infinitives, which are not overtly inflected. The different behaviors concerning complementation, both in finites and in infinitives, are suggested to be derived from the presence of a tense feature in the complementizer. We discuss different classes of verbs (epistemic–declarative, volitive, and factive) that select an inflected or personal infinitive in Portuguese and Spanish. All infinitives are claimed to project a complementizer phrase. The distributional properties of inflected infinitives are shown to depend on the presence of a Determiner in the structure of sentential complements of factive verbs and on the presence or absence of a tense feature in the complementizer in the structure of epistemic and volitive verbs.
Split Topicalization
Authors: van Hoof Hanneke
Published: November 2017

This chapter provides an overview of the grammatical properties of split topicalization. It also summarizes the different syntactic analyses that have been developed for this construction. The chapter focuses on the two main types of split topicalization in German: split‐NP topicalization (1) and split‐VP topicalization (2). The topicalized part of this construction is referred to astopand the stranded, remnant part asrem:(1)Germana.[Gänse]TOPhat er [keinepolnischen –]REMgekauft.geesehas he nopolishbought‘As for geese, he has not bought polish ones.’b.[PolnischeGänse]TOPhat er [keine –]REMgekauft.polishgeesehas he nobought‘As for polish geese, he has bought none.’(2)German[Gelesen]TOPhat er [dieseBücher nicht]REM.readhas hethesebooks not‘As for reading, he has not read these books.’

In split topicalization, a single extended projection – that is, NP in (1) or VP in (2) – is scattered over different positions in the clause: the core part of the projection,top, is topicalized and a more peripheral part of the projection,rem, is realized clause‐internally.

On the one hand, the dependency relation betweentopandremin both split‐NP topicalization and split‐VP topicalization shows connectivity effects and is clearly of the A′‐type, suggesting a movement analysis. On the other hand, the adjectival inflection within the split NPs (see (1a)–(1b)) is spelled out as iftopandremwere independent constituents. In some varieties, even examples with an overlap betweentopandrem, as determiner doubling in (3a), or examples with aremconsisting of a full NP, as in (3b), do occur. These examples seem to suggest thattopandremare base‐generated independently.(3)Germana.[EineLösung]TOPhat er [einebessere –alsich]REM.asolutionhas he abetter (one)thanI‘As for a solution, he has a better one than I have.’b.[Raubvögel]TOPkennt ernur[Bussarde]REM.birds of preyknows heonlybuzzards‘As for birds of prey, he knows only buzzards.’

Split‐PP topicalization (4) and mixed‐split topicalization (5) and the ways in which they are accounted for in various phrasal and subphrasal extraction analyses are dealt with in this chapter as well. The mixed‐split cases, in which the categorial features oftopandremappear to be different, raise a particularly serious problem for syntactic analysis.

(4)German[MitMädchen]TOPhat er [mitvielen –]REMgetanzt.withgirlshas he withmanydanced‘As for girls, he danced with many.’(5)German[Romanegeschrieben]TOPhater schon [viele —]REM .novelswrittenhashe already many‘As for writing novels, he has written already many.’
Who Benefits from Diagrams and Illustrations in Math Problems? Ability and Attitudes Matter
Authors: Cooper Jennifer L. , Sidney Pooja G. , Alibali Martha W.
Published: November 2017

How do diagrams and illustrations affect mathematical problem solving? Past research suggests that diagrams should promote correct performance. However, illustrations may provide a supportive context for problem solving, or they may distract students with seductive details. Moreover, effects may not be uniform across student subgroups. This study assessed the effects of diagrams and illustrations on undergraduates' trigonometry problem solving. We used a 2 (Diagram Presence) × 2 (Illustration Presence) within‐subjects design, and our analysis considered students' mathematics ability and attitudes towards mathematics. Participants solved problems more accurately when they included diagrams. This effect was stronger for students who had more positive mathematics attitudes, especially when there was an illustration present. Illustrations were beneficial for students with high mathematics ability but detrimental for students with lower ability. Considering individual differences in ability and attitude is essential for understanding the effects of different types of visual representations on problem solving. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Ultrathin Flexible 2D Membrane Based on Single‐Walled Nanotube–MoS2 Hybrid Film for High‐Performance Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Yang Xiangdong , Yang Yanbing , Fu Linna , Zou Mingchu , Li Zhihao , Cao Anyuan , Yuan Quan
Published: November 2017

Solar steam generation is achieved by localized heating system using various floating photothermal materials. However, the steam generation efficiency is hindered by the difficulty in obtaining a photothermal material with ultrathin structure yet sufficient solar spectrum absorption capability. Herein, for the first time, an ultrathin 2D porous photothermal film based on MoS2 nanosheets and single‐walled nanotube (SWNT) films is prepared. The as‐prepared SWNT–MoS2 film exhibits an absorption of more than 82% over the whole solar spectrum range even with an ultrathin thickness of ≈120 nm. Moreover, the SWNT–MoS2 film floating on the water surface can generate a sharp temperature gradient due to the localized heat confinement effect. Meanwhile, the ultrathin and porous structure effectively facilitates the fast water vapor escaping, consequently an impressively high evaporation efficiency of 91.5% is achieved. Additionally, the superior mechanical strength of the SWNT–MoS2 film enables the film to be reused for atleast 20 solar illumination cycles and maintains stable water productivity as well as high salt rejection performance. This rational designed hybrid architecture provides a novel strategy for constructing 2D‐based nanomaterials for solar energy harvesting, chemical separation, and related technologies.
A Binder‐Free and Free‐Standing Cobalt Sulfide@Carbon Nanotube Cathode Material for Aluminum‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hu Yuxiang , Ye Delai , Luo Bin , Hu Han , Zhu Xiaobo , Wang Songcan , Li Linlin , Peng Shengjie , Wang Lianzhou
Published: November 2017

Rechargeable aluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs) are considered as a new generation of large‐scale energy‐storage devices due to their attractive features of abundant aluminum source, high specific capacity, and high energy density. However, AIBs suffer from a lack of suitable cathode materials with desirable capacity and long‐term stability, which severely restricts the practical application of AIBs. Herein, a binder‐free and self‐standing cobalt sulfide encapsulated in carbon nanotubes is reported as a novel cathode material for AIBs. The resultant new electrode material exhibits not only high discharge capacity (315 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1) and enhanced rate performance (154 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1), but also extraordinary cycling stability (maintains 87 mA h g−1 after 6000 cycles at 1 A g−1). The free‐standing feature of the electrode also effectively suppresses the side reactions and material disintegrations in AIBs. The new findings reported here highlight the possibility for designing high‐performance cathode materials for scalable and flexible AIBs.
Holey Reduced Graphene Oxide Coupled with an Mo2N–Mo2C Heterojunction for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Yan Haijing , Xie Ying , Jiao Yanqing , Wu Aiping , Tian Chungui , Zhang Xiaomeng , Wang Lei , Fu Honggang
Published: November 2017

An in situ catalytic etching strategy is developed to fabricate holey reduced graphene oxide along with simultaneous coupling with a small‐sized Mo2N–Mo2C heterojunction (Mo2N–Mo2C/HGr). The method includes the first immobilization of H3PMo12O40 (PMo12) clusters on graphite oxide (GO), followed by calcination in air and NH3 to form Mo2N–Mo2C/HGr. PMo12 not only acts as the Mo heterojunction source, but also provides the Mo species that can in situ catalyze the decomposition of adjacent reduced GO to form HGr, while the released gas (CO) and introduced NH3 simultaneously react with the Mo species to form an Mo2N–Mo2C heterojunction on HGr. The hybrid exhibits superior activity towards the hydrogen evolution reaction with low onset potentials of 11 mV (0.5 m H2SO4) and 18 mV (1 m KOH) as well as remarkable stability. The activity in alkaline media is also superior to Pt/C at large current densities (>88 mA cm−2). The good activity of Mo2N–Mo2C/HGr is ascribed to its small size, the heterojunction of Mo2N–Mo2C, and the good charge/mass‐transfer ability of HGr, as supported by a series of experiments and theoretical calculations.
Number‐Resolved Single‐Photon Detection with Ultralow Noise van der Waals Hybrid
Authors: Roy Kallol , Ahmed Tanweer , Dubey Harshit , Sai T. Phanindra , Kashid Ranjit , Maliakal Shruti , Hsieh Kimberly , Shamim Saquib , Ghosh Arindam
Published: November 2017

Van der Waals hybrids of graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit an extremely large response to optical excitation, yet counting of photons with single‐photon resolution is not achieved. Here, a dual‐gated bilayer graphene (BLG) and molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) hybrid are demonstrated, where opening a band gap in the BLG allows extremely low channel (receiver) noise and large optical gain (≈1010) simultaneously. The resulting device is capable of unambiguous determination of the Poissonian emission statistics of an optical source with single‐photon resolution at an operating temperature of 80 K, dark count rate 0.07 Hz, and linear dynamic range of ≈40 dB. Single‐shot number‐resolved single‐photon detection with van der Waals heterostructures may impact multiple technologies, including the linear optical quantum computation.
Heterogeneous Integration of Microscale GaN Light‐Emitting Diodes and Their Electrical, Optical, and Thermal Characteristics on Flexible Substrates
Authors: Li Lizhu , Liu Changbo , Su Yuanzhe , Bai Junchun , Wu Jianqiu , Han Yanjun , Hou Yubin , Qi Shuxian , Zhao Yu , Ding He , Yan Yifei , Yin Lan , Wang Pu , Luo Yi , Sheng Xing
Published: November 2017

Materials and device strategies to form inorganic, thin‐film, microscale light‐emitting diodes (micro‐LEDs) are presented based on a simplified release method. High performance gallium nitride based blue micro‐LEDs are fabricated on and released from both patterned sapphire substrates (PSSs) and conventional nonpatterned sapphire substrates (CSSs). Micro‐LEDs are transferred onto copper and polyimide based flexible substrates and their electrical and optical performances are maintained. Thermal properties of PSS and CSS based micro‐LEDs are systematically explored on different substrates. Finally, micro‐LEDs combined with phosphor coatings demonstrate capability for polychromatic emission. The techniques presented here provide promising paths to advanced light sources with potential applications in lighting, displays, and biomedicine.
Flexible and Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Yaowen , Xu Guiying , Cui Chaohua , Li Yongfang
Published: November 2017

Flexible and semitransparent organic solar cells (OSCs) have been regarded as the most promising photovoltaic devices for the application of OSCs in wearable energy resources and building‐integrated photovoltaics. Therefore, the flexible and semitransparent OSCs have developed rapidly in recent years through the synergistic efforts in developing novel flexible bottom or top transparent electrodes, designing and synthesizing high performance photoactive layer and low temperature processed electrode buffer layer materials, and device architecture engineering. To date, the highest power conversion efficiencies have reached over 10% of the flexible OSCs and 7.7% with average visible transmittance of 37% for the semitransparent OSCs. Here, a comprehensive overview of recent research progresses and perspectives on the related materials and devices of the flexible and semitransparent OSCs is provided.
Laboratory tests for identification or exclusion of heparin induced thrombocytopenia: HIT or miss?
Authors: Favaloro Emmanuel J.
Published: November 2017

Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a potentially fatal condition that arises subsequent to formation of antibodies against complexes containing heparin, usually platelet‐factor 4‐heparin (“anti‐PF4‐heparin”). Assessment for HIT involves both clinical evaluation and, if indicated, laboratory testing for confirmation or exclusion, typically using an initial immunological assay (“screening”), and only if positive, a secondary functional assay for confirmation. Many different immunological and functional assays have been developed. The most common contemporary immunological assays comprise enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], chemiluminescence, lateral flow, and particle gel techniques. The most common functional assays measure platelet aggregation or platelet activation events (e.g., serotonin release assay; heparin‐induced platelet activation (HIPA); flow cytometry). All assays have some sensitivity and specificity to HIT antibodies, but differ in terms of relative sensitivity and specificity for pathological HIT, as well as false negative and false positive error rate. This brief article overviews the different available laboratory methods, as well as providing a suggested approach to diagnosis or exclusion of HIT.
Adaptation and validation of the Turkish version of the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale
Authors: Onerci Celebi Ozlem , Araz Server Ela , Yigit Ozgur , Longur Ecem Sevim
Published: November 2017

Background

The Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale is a questionnaire used to assess the quality of life in patients with nasal obstruction. The aim of this study was to validate the Turkish translation of the NOSE questionnaire.

Methods

The NOSE questionnaire was translated into Turkish and then back to English. Fifty patients with septal deviation leading to nasal obstruction and 50 healthy subjects without any nasal complaints and pathologies were recruited into the study. The Cronbach α was used to test internal consistency. The Mann‐Whitney U test was used to compare the NOSE scores of the 2 groups. Psychosomatic features (reliability, repeatability, validity, responding) were evaluated by concerning the criteria as test‐retest procedure, self consistency, within‐score and inter‐score correlation and sensitivity of responding between the 2 groups.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference between patients and healthy subjects in terms of age, gender, and body mass index. Test‐retest results among control subjects also did not demonstrate significant difference and the Cronbach α value of the NOSE scale was found to be 0.966. There was a positive correlation among every question of the NOSE scale and it was statistically significantly different from the control group. Total scores of the NOSE scale were significantly higher than the control group.

Conclusion

The Turkish version of the NOSE scale is a valid tool for assessing patients with septal deviation and measuring the subjective severity of nasal obstruction.
Instabilities of a Fermi Gas with Nested Fermi Surfaces
Authors: Schlottmann Pedro
Published: November 2017

The nesting of the Fermi surfaces of an electron and a hole pocket separated by a vector Q commensurate with the lattice in conjunction with the interaction between the quasiparticles can give rise to a rich phase diagram. Of particular importance is itinerant antiferromagnetic order in the context of pnictides and heavy fermion compounds. By mismatching the nesting the order can gradually be suppressed and as the Néel temperature tends to zero a quantum critical point is obtained. A superconducting dome above the quantum critical point can be induced by the transfer of pairs of electrons between the pockets. The conditions under which such a dome arises are studied. In addition numerous other phases may arise, e.g. charge density waves, non‐Fermi liquid behavior, non‐s‐wave superconductivity, Pomeranchuk instabilities of the Fermi surface, nematic order, and phases with persistent orbital currents.
Quantum Refinement Does Not Support Dinuclear Copper Sites in Crystal Structures of Particulate Methane Monooxygenase
Authors: Cao Lili , Caldararu Octav , Rosenzweig Amy C. , Ryde Ulf
Published: November 2017

Particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) is one of the few enzymes that can activate methane. The metal content of this enzyme has been highly controversial, with suggestions of a dinuclear Fe site or mono‐, di‐, or trinuclear Cu sites. Crystal structures have shown a mono‐ or dinuclear Cu site, but the resolution was low and the geometry of the dinuclear site unusual. We have employed quantum refinement (crystallographic refinement enhanced with quantum‐mechanical calculations) to improve the structure of the active site. We compared a number of different mono‐ and dinuclear geometries, in some cases enhanced with more protein ligands or one or two water molecules, to determine which structure fits two sets of crystallographic raw data best. In all cases, the best results were obtained with mononuclear Cu sites, occasionally with an extra water molecule. Thus, we conclude that there is no crystallographic support for a dinuclear Cu site in pMMO.
Maximizing the Catalytic Activity of Nanoparticles through Monolayer Assembly on Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene
Authors: Yu Chao , Guo Xuefeng , Shen Mengqi , Shen Bo , Muzzio Michelle , Yin Zhouyang , Li Qing , Xi Zheng , Li Junrui , Seto Christopher T. , Sun Shouheng
Published: November 2017

We report a facile method for assembly of a monolayer array of nitrogen‐doped graphene (NG) and nanoparticles (NPs) and the subsequent transfer of two layers onto a solid substrate (S). Using 3 nm NiPd NPs as an example, we demonstrate that NiPd‐NG‐Si (Si=silicon wafer) can function as a catalyst and show maximum NiPd catalysis for the hydrolysis of ammonia borane (H3NBH3, AB) with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 4896.8 h−1 and an activation energy (Ea) of 18.8 kJ mol−1. The NiPd‐NG‐S catalyst is also highly active for catalyzing the transfer hydrogenation from AB to nitro compounds, leading to the green synthesis of quinazolines in water. Our assembly method can be extended to other graphene and NP catalyst materials, providing a new 2D NP catalyst platform for catalyzing multiple reactions in one pot with maximum efficiency.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Acylation of Aryl Diazoesters with ortho‐Bromobenzaldehydes
Authors: Yu Yinghua , Lu Qianqian , Chen Gui , Li Chunsen , Huang Xueliang
Published: November 2017

In this work, we describe a palladium‐catalyzed intermolecular O acylation of α‐diazoesters with ortho‐bromobenzaldehydes. The C(sp2)−H bond activation of the aldehyde is enabled by migratory insertion of a palladium carbene intermediate. The diazoesters act as modular three‐atom units to build up key seven‐membered palladacycles, which are transformed into a variety of isocoumarin derivatives upon reductive elimination. Mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations provide insight into the reaction pathway.
Microwave absorbing and mechanical properties of alternating multilayer carbonyl iron powder‐poly(vinyl chloride) composites
Authors: Gao Yuan , Gao Xiaoyan , Li Jiang , Guo Shaoyun
Published: November 2017

Polymeric composites filled with magnetic absorbents have been used extensively as microwave absorbing materials. However, their high filler content obstructed the application. In order to optimize the filler content and further improve the microwave absorbing properties, alternating multilayer carbonyl iron powder (CIP)/poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) composites were designed and prepared by stacking neat PVC and CIP filled PVC alternately. The microwave absorbing properties were theoretically calculated by the transmission line theory and experimentally measured by the arch method, respectively. The experimental results were consistent with the calculated ones, which demonstrated that the alternating multilayer structure design can significantly improve the microwave absorbing property without increasing the filler content. The consistent results also demonstrated that the reflection loss (RL) of the multilayer composites was strongly dependent on the layer number and layer arranging sequence. The minimum RL (RL‐min) and effective bandwidth were exponentially dependent on the layer number. And the dependencies of the RL‐min and effective bandwidth on layer number exhibited a “regularity reversal” phenomenon when different layers faced to the incident wave. The mechanical property test showed that the alternating multilayer composites possessed enhanced tensile strength and elongation at break as the layer number increased. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45846.
Characterization of two groups of Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) C‐type lectins and insights into their role in defense against the densovirus JcDV
Authors: Gasmi Laila , Jakubowska Agata K. , Ferré Juan , Ogliastro Mylène , Herrero Salvador
Published: November 2017

Insect innate immunity relies on numerous soluble and membrane‐bound receptors, named pattern recognition proteins (PRPs), which enable the insect to recognize pathogen‐associated molecular patterns. C‐type lectins are among the best‐studied PRPs and constitute the most diverse family of animal lectins. Here we have characterized two groups of Spodoptera exigua C‐type lectins that differ in their phylogeny, domain architecture, and expression pattern. One group includes C‐type lectins with similar characteristics to other lepidopteran lectins, and a second group includes bracoviral‐related lectins (bracovirus‐like lectins, Se‐BLLs) recently acquired by horizontal gene transfer. Subsequently, we have investigated the potential role of some selected lectins in the susceptibility to Junonia coenia densovirus (JcDV). For this purpose, three of the bracoviral‐related lectins were expressed, purified, and their effect on the densovirus infection to two different Spodoptera species was assessed. The results showed that Se‐BLL3 specifically reduce the mortality of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae caused by JcDV. In contrast, no such effect was observed with S. exigua larvae. In a previous work, we have also shown that Se‐BLL2 increased the tolerance of S. exigua larvae to baculovirus infection. Taken together, these results confirm the implication of two different C‐type lectins in antiviral response and reflect the biological relevance of the acquisition of bracoviral genes in Spodoptera spp.
Relationships of the symmetric and asymmetric components of ENSO to US extreme precipitation
Authors: Yu Lejiang , Heilman Warren E. , Zhong Shiyuan , Bian Xindi
Published: November 2017

We used 35‐year (1979–2013) hourly rainfall data from the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS‐2) to examine the relationships of the symmetric and asymmetric components of two types of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (El Niño and El Niño Modoki) episodes with occurrences of extreme precipitation events across the United States. During the cold season, the symmetric impacts of El Niño and El Niño Modoki are more significant than during the warm season. The asymmetric components associated with El Niño during the two seasons are comparable, while the asymmetric components associated with El Niño Modoki during the warm season are more significant than those during the cold season. The connections between the symmetric and asymmetric components of the two types of ENSO and extreme precipitation occurrences are related to atmospheric moisture convergence patterns that tend to occur in response to the anomalous large‐scale atmospheric circulations during the ENSO episodes.
Magnetic chemically peculiar stars in the Orion OB1 association
Authors: Romanyuk I. I. , Semenko E. A. , Yakunin I. A. , Kudryavtsev D. O. , Moiseeva A. V.
Published: November 2017

We discuss an ongoing project on the investigation of magnetic fields of chemically peculiar (CP) stars in the Orion OB1 association. More than 500 polarized spectra for 55 stars have been obtained with the Russian 6‐m telescope. We found eight new magnetic stars in addition to the 20 previously known. The frequency of Ap/Bp stars among normal A and B stars and the frequency of magnetic stars among all Ap/Bp stars decrease with age in the Orion OB1 association.
Novel antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory peptides from the Siamese crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis) hemoglobin hydrolysate
Authors: Lueangsakulthai Jiraporn , Phosri Santi , Theansungnoen Tinnakorn , Jangpromma Nisachon , Temsiripong Theeranan , Mckendrick John E. , Khunkitti Watcharee , Klaynongsruang Sompong
Published: November 2017

Novel antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory peptides were isolated from hydrolysates of Siamese crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis) hemoglobin.C. siamensishemoglobin hydrolysates (CHHs) were obtained by pepsin digestion at different incubation times (2, 4, 6, and 8 H) at 37 °C and subjected to antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity assessment. CHH obtained by 2‐H hydrolysis (2H‐CHH) showed the highest anti‐inflammatory activity with respect to decreasing nitric oxide (NO) production, whereas the strongest antioxidant activity was found for 6‐H hydrolysis (6H‐CHH) against nitric oxide radicals. To evaluate the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activity of individual peptide components, 2H‐CHH and 6H‐CHH were purified by semipreparative HPLC. Peptide fraction P57 isolated from 6H‐CHH was found to exhibit the highest nitric oxide radical inhibition activity (32.0%). Moreover, purification of 2H‐CHH yielded peptide fraction P16, which displayed a high efficacy in decreasing NO production of macrophage RAW 264.7 cells (83.2%) and significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), and prostaglandin‐E2 (PGE2) production to about 2.0, 0.3, and 1.9 ng/mL, respectively. Using LTQ orbitrap XL mass spectrometry, active peptide sequences were identified as antioxidant KIYFPHF (KF7), anti‐inflammatory SAFNPHEKQ (SQ9), and IIHNEKVQAHGKKVL (IL15). Additionally, CHHs simulated gastric and intestinalin vitrodigestion positively contributed to antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity. Taken collectively, the results of this work demonstrate that CHHs contain several peptides with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may prove valuable as treatment or supplement against diseases associated with inflammation and oxidative stress.