bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF YEAST AND LACTOBACILLUS FED BROILER CHICKENS ON MEAT MICROBIAL COUNT AND SENSORY QUALITY
Authors: Iyiola V. O. , Agbo E. B.
Published: December 2024

Effects of yeast and lactobacillus fed broiler chickens on meat microbial count and sensory quality were evaluated. One hundred and eighty (180) day old broiler chicks were used in an 8-week feeding trial. The birds were randomly allotted to four experimental treatments using a completely randomized design (CRD) on the basis of equal live weight. Each treatment had three replicates of fifteen birds per replicate. Four experimental diets were prepared; the diet without yeast and Lactobacillus served as the control (T1), while diet with yeast only was designated as T2, diet with strains of Lactobacillus was the third treatment (T3) while diet with a combination of yeast and lactobacillus was assigned T4. At the end of the feeding trials the birds from the treatments were slaughtered. The thigh and breast muscles were selected and analyzed for microbial counts and sensory quality. The data obtained were subjected to one-way (ANOVA). Significant difference (p< 0.05) was found in the microbial counts across the treatments except in total bacterial count. Microbes such as coliform count, Escherichia coli and Proteus were isolated from the samples. Compared to other treatments, the control (T1) had the highest microbial count while the lowest count was found in T4. More so significant difference (p<0.05) was found in all the sensory score parameters analyzed in all the treatments except in overall appearance. Therefore the supplementation of yeast and lactobacillus as additives in broiler diets should be implemented for production of wholesome meat and better sensory quality.
QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF MEAT OBTAINED FROM BROILER CHICKENS GIVEN GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM) AND GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) IN DRINKING WATER
Authors: Akintomide A. A. , Ojo M.O. , Akinade A . J. , Onibi G. E.
Published: December 2024

This study was carried out to evaluate the meat quality obtained from broiler chickens offered garlic (Allium sativum), ginger (Zingiber officinale) and their mixture in drinking water. Two hundred and forty (240) one-day old Arbor Acre breed of broiler chickens were randomly grouped into ten (10) treatments of three (3) replicates and 4 males and 4 females per replicate. A 3 x 3 x 3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design was adopted. There were 3 sources of herbal supplement (garlic, ginger and 50:50 garlic and ginger) at 3 levels of supplementation (1.8, 2.3 and 2.8 g/l). The control treatment had no herbal supplement. At the end of the experiment, two birds (1male and 1 female) were randomly selected per replicate for meat quality assessment. Moisture content, cooking loss, oxidative stability and palatability scores were determined. The moisture contents of the meat were not significantly (p>0.05) influenced by the herbal treatments but were highly influenced (p<0.001) by muscle type with drumstick having the highest significant value (74.58±1.92%). Oxidative stability was significantly (p<0.05) influenced by muscle type, thigh muscle had the highest MDA concentration (1.88±0.23mgMDA/kg meat). Result for ginger aroma showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) due to herbal treatments. It was concluded that supplementation of garlic, ginger and their mixture in drinking water of broiler chickens up to 2.8g/L water had no adverse effect on their meat quality.
THE INFLUENCE OF FLOOR TYPES ON HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES OF CROSSBRED WEANED PIGS
Authors: Ogunbode A. A. , Adepoju M. A.
Published: December 2024

Blood parameters have been shown to be major indices of physiological and nutritional status of an organism and changes in the constituent compound of blood when compared to normal values could be used to interprete the metabolic state of an animal. Twelve (12) crossbred weaned pigs were used, they were allotted into two (2) floor types: concrete and straw floors, of six (6) animals per floor type and two (2) animals per replicate. The concrete were constructed using cement, gravel, sand and water while the straw floors were made of maize stalk. One kilogram straw was placed in the pen before the pigs arrived. A further 1kg was supplied every two days. Waste straw and manure were removed daily. The straw provided was not sufficient to allow a bedded layer to accumulate but a crust formed over the surface of the lying area, comprising straw, feed, skin and dung. The experimental design used was completely randomized design and the experiment lasted for fifty-six (56) days. 3ml of blood were collected from two (2) animals per treatment for the analysis of haematological profile into Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate bottle to determine the packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red blood cell volume, white blood cell and platelet. Results revealed that there were no significant difference (p>0.05) in the value obtained for packed cell volume (28.00% and 26.00%) and haemoglobin ( 9.10g/dl and 8.33g/dl)respectively while red blood cell (2.60106/ul and 2.20106/ul) white blood cell (56.00103/ul and 45.00103/ul) and platelet(12.00 and 13.00) were significantly different (p<0.05). It was concluded that rearing pigs on concrete floor gave the best haematological blood profile of pigs.
HAEMATOLOGY AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF BROILER CHICKENS FED TURMERIC RHIZOME POWDER
Authors: Ogbuzuru E. N. , Enyenihi G. E. , Ekpo U. E.
Published: December 2024

This study was aimed to explore the ability of turmeric rhizome powder (TRP) to impact the blood haematological and biochemical composition of broiler chickens. A total of 120 ROSS 308 strains of unsexed broiler chicken were used for the study which lasted for a period of 8 weeks. The study was made up of four treatments including control. The three other groups were treated with 200g, 400g and 600g supplementation of TRP in the broiler diets. Blood samples were collected for the analysis of haematology and serum biochemical indices. The result from this analysis showed that the dietary treatment with TRP had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the haematological parameters including RBC, PCV haemoglobin, platelet, MCH, MCHC as well as the ser um biochemical indices including serum lipids (HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL, and total cholesterol) and the serum proteins (total proteins and globulin). The RBC, PCV and Haemoglobin counts of all the treated groups were significantly different (p<0.05) from the control but the highest was recorded in the group fed 200g of TRP (4.37x106/ul, 39.33%, and 13.93g/dL respectively), while the two other treatments were significantly lower than the control (3.95x106/ul, 35.67% and 13.13g/dL). However, the values were within the range for a normal broiler chicken. The reduction of the lipid composition of the serum also confirms the anticholesteremic effect of turmeric rhizome powder. This study therefore supports the supplementation of broiler diets with TRP and recommends 200g as the optimal level for supplementation in 100kg of broiler diets.
GUT MORPHOLOGY OF HYLA RABBITS FED GRADED LEVELS OF WATERMELON WASTE WITH WHEAT OFFAL AS ABSORBENT
Authors: Olaniyi T. A. , Popoola M. A. , Olosunde A. O. , Raji A. M. , Awoyomi O. V. , Mathew B. K. , Awopetu-Adetoro B. O. , Faniyi T. O.
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to evaluate gut morphology of Hyla rabbits fed graded levels of watermelon waste with wheat offal as absorbent. Forty five Hyla rabbits of 5-6 months of age were used for this experiment. The experiment lasted for six months. The rabbits were allotted to five dietary treatments (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) in a completely randomized design with 9 rabbits per treatment. Data were collected on weight and length of segments of gastro intestinal tracts (GIT) of the rabbits and subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using SAS version 9.3.1. Based on the results, watermelon waste with wheat offal (WRWO) had a significant effect on the gut of hyla rabbits by improving the morphological characteristics. The inclusion of watermelon with wheat offal as absorbent at 30% can support gut morphology of rabbits without any adverse effect on their GIT.
EFFECT OF COMBINATION OF LEMON GRASS AND BLACK PLUM LEAF MEAL ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER FINISHER BIRDS
Authors: Amos M. , Olabode A. D.
Published: December 2024

Effect of combination of lemon grass and black plum leaf meal on growth performance of broiler finisher birds formed the basis of this research work. One hundred and twenty (120), four weeks old broiler birds were used for the research work. The birds were randomly distributed into five treatment groups. Each treatment was replicated three times in a completely randomized design (CRD) with eight (8) birds per replicate. Five experimental diets were compounded with treatment 1 containing 0% lemon grass leaf meal and black plum leaf meal, which served as the control. Treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5 contained lemon grass leaf meal and black plum leaf meal at the levels and ratio of 1:4, 2:3, 3:2 and 4:1 respectively. Proximate analysis of lemon grass leaf meal and black plum leaf meal were also carried out. Feed and water were given ad-libitum throughout the experimental period. Growth performance parameters studied were significant (P<0.05) among treatment group. Birds in treatment 4 were superior (P<0.05) with values of 3018.98g, 1572.19g, 4246.85g and 2.70 corresponding to final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Considering the results of the findings in the present research work, a conclusion can be drawn that a combination of lemon grass and black plum leaf meal is viable with positive results in terms of performance, with the higher value obtained in treatment 4 specifically.
SOCIO-CULTURAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL RANKING OF FICUS MICROCARPA IN COMPARISM WITH SIX SELECTED INDIGENOUS BROWSE PLANTS FROM SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA.
Authors: ACHONWA C. C. , UCHEGBU M. C. , OKOLI I. C.
Published: December 2024

Domestic animals such as ruminants depend on the availability of biological diversity for sustenance which enables the selection of indigenous available raw materials in a given location. The present study focuses on socio-cultural and phytochemical ranking of Ficus microcarpa in comparism with six selected indigenous browse plants of Southeastern Nigeria. Socio-cultural and physicochemical studies of F. microcapa was carried out followed by its numerical scoring alongside six other plants; Garcinia kola,Mucuna pruriens, Gongronema latifolium, Manniophyton /illvunr, Nuaclea popegnine and Manihot utilissima to obtain a comparism across the plant types. The socio-cultural scoring scales were given as; whether the plant was planted by man in the compound, used as browse plant, has human food value, has medicinal value, amenable to vegetative propagation, evergreen all year round, and serves as firewood. Thereafter a scoring scale of 7 was used to rank the seven plants across nine selected phytochemical parameters which were based on the crude protein, ash, metabolizable energy, NDF, copper, iron, antioxidants, trypsin inhibitor and cyanide contents of the leaf meals. The two score results were then tallied to obtain the final mean score for each plant.Ficus "licrocarpa recorded the highest score of 85.71% in socio-cultural valueswhereas lowest score of 28.57% was recorded by M. pruriens. Based on the phytochemical parameters considered, F. microearpa scored a moderate 47.61% only better than 44.44% scored by M. fillvum.The present study has shown that Ficusmicrocarpa recorded the highest socio-cultural score across 6 other indigenous plants compared with it and recorded relatively lower phytochemical score than plants such as M utilissima,G. latifolium, G. kola, M. pruriens and N. popegnine. The combination of socio-cultural and phytochemical parameters has led to the development of a more reliable though sophisticated ranking method.lt is recommended that F. microcarpa be promoted as a browse of promise in the hot humid tropical zones of Nigeria and beyond.
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTING WHEAT OFFAL WITH VARIED GRADED LEVELS OF SUGARCANE SCRAPPING ON UTILISATION OF SORGHUM PANICLE FED RED SOKOTO BUCK
Authors: ADAMU H. Y. , M.BOLAKALE A. , ABDU S. B. , HASSAN M. R. , KABIR M. , YASHIM S. M. , ADAM L. , IBRAHIM T. A.
Published: December 2024

Four Red Sokoto bucks of average weight 17. 40 ± 2kg were fed sugarcane scrapping meal in a complete diet to evaluate the nutrients intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance. Using 4x4 Latin Square Designs involving four dietary' treatments containing sugarcane scrapping at 0, 10, 20, and 30% levels of inclusion supplenlenting wheat offal in a cotnplete diet. . The proximate composition of the sugarcane scrapping showed that the scrapping had, 10.01, 2.98 % and 31 14 Kcal/Kg of CF. CP and ME respectively. The results of the trial showed that significant high dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility of some and the nitrogen balance values were recorded in the bucks fed 30%. It was concluded that DM intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization of bucks can be enhanced by including 30% of sugar cane scrapping in their diets.
IMPACT OF COMBINATION OF PHYTOGENIC PLANT MATERIALS ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF STARTER BROILER BIRDS
Authors: Uzoma C. , Olabode A. D. , Azodo L. N. , Adetutu O. I.
Published: December 2024

The research was carried out to determine the impact of combination of different levels of moringa leaf and black plum leaf meal on the growth performance of starter broiler birds. One hundred and twenty (120) day old "Ross 308 strains" broiler chicks were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments, each replicated three times with eight birds per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). Five diets were formulated such that diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 contained moringa leaf meal and black plum leaf meal at 5% inclusion level in the ratio 1:4, 2:3, 3:2 and 4:1. Feed and water were given ad-libitum throughout the research period of twenty-one days. Values obtained for final body weight was superior (P<0.05) in treatment 1 with 1321.90g, which did not differ (P>0.05) from 1283.09g in treatment 2, but was different from the values of 1202.86g and 1204.29g obtained in treatment 3 and 4. While, the least value of 1164.10g was observed in treatment 5. Body weight gain was superior (P<0.05) for birds in treatment 1 (1162.73g), while the least value of 1003.68g was obtained in treatment 5. Feed conversion ratio was superior in treatment 1(1.75) in terms of performance, From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the inclusion of moringa leaf meal and black plum leaf meal at 5% inclusion level and ratios 1:4, 2:3, 3:2 and 4:1 is viable at starter phase without any declining effect on the growth performance of the birds, with the best performance obtained in treatment 1 (control), respectively.
EFFECT OF DIETARY INCLUSION OF ORGANIC ALTERNATIVES TO ANTIBIOTIC GROWTH PROMOTERS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF FUNAAB ALPHA CHICKENS
Authors: Adewole F. A. , Opowoye I. O. , Lala A. O. , Ganiyu B. A. , Ayo-Ajasa O. Y. , Egbeyale L. T.
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to determine the effect of garlic, synbiotic, organic acidifier as alternative to synthetic antibiotics on growth performance of pullet strain of FUNAAB alpha chickens. A total of 150 pullet strain of FUNAAB alpha chicks were divided into 5 treatments, each treatment comprising of 30 birds sub-grouped into 3 replicates of 10 chicks each in a Completely Randomized Design. Birds on the Control Treatment (T0) were fed chicks mash diets without any test ingredients. Treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 birds were fed chicks mash with Garlic (3g per 1kg), Synbiotic (2g per 1kg of feed), Organic acidifier (3g per 2kg of feed) and synthetic antibiotics (0.5g per 1kg of feed) respectively. The data obtained were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. The result revealed that garlic, synbiotic, organic acidifier and synthetic antibiotics inclusion had no significant (P>0.05) effect on feed intake, feed conversion ratio and mortality. Test ingredients however, had significant (P<0.05) effect on final weight and weight gain. It was concluded that organic acidifier and synbiotic gave the best weight gain comparable to synthetic antibiotics.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF BROILER CHICKENS FED DIETS CONTAINING DIFFERENT SOURCES OF HERBAL METHIONINE
Authors: George V. , Bawa G. S. , Afolayan M. , Salihu E. A.
Published: December 2024

The study was carried out to evaluate the performance of broiler chicks fed diets containing different herbal methionine (Phytonin™ and Methiorep®). A total of 300-four-weeks old Ross 308 broiler chickens were allotted randomly to five dietary treatments each replicated thrice, with 20 chicks, in a completely randomized design. The herbal methionine sources were included at 200g per 100kg diet (0.2%). Diet 1 was formulated with DL-Methionine (DLM) (0.20%) as control while diets 2, 3, 4, and 5 were formulated with Phytonin™, Methiorep®, Phytonin™ (0.12%) + DLM (0.08%) and Methiorep® (0.12%) + DLM (0.08%). Data were collected on growth parameters for 28 days (5-8 weeks). The growth performance result showed that final body weight (2652.66 and 2493.17g/b), weight gain (1554.89 and 1375.24 g/b), feed conversion ratio (2.05 and 2.19) and feed cost per kg weight gain (289.75 and 305.81) were significantly higher (p<0.05) in birds fed diets containing DLM and Phytonin™. Higher return per naira invested was recorded in birds fed diets supplemented with DLM (₦1.87) and phytonin™ (₦1.61) as against methiorep® (₦1.40). In conclusion, phytonin can be used inbroiler chicken’s diet, as the use of DLM and phytonin™ resulted into higher growth performance, higher economic benefits of ₦1.62 and ₦1.43 respectively, over feed cost.
EFFECT OF PAWPAW (CARICA PAPAYA) AND FLUTED PUMPKIN (TELFAIRIA OCCIDENTALIS) LEAVES EXTRACTS AS ADDITIVES ON CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Adegbe J. Y. , Ogbu O. C
Published: December 2024

Experiment was conducted to study the effect of pawpaw and fluted pumpkin leaves extracts as additives on carcass characteristics and organoleptic properties of broiler chickens. 500g of fresh Pawpaw and fluted Pumpkin leaves were pounded separately in 50cl of water each to obtain a homogeneous extracts of pawpaw leave extract (PLE) and fluted pumpkin leave extract (FPLE) and were administered in their drinking water of broilers across the treatments groups at 48 hours interval as follows: T1:0ml of PLE/ FPLE [commercial vitamins/minerals premix (control)], T2: 80ml PLE in 1 litter of water, T3: 80ml FPLE in 1 litter of water and T4:40ml PLE + 40ml FPLE in1 litter of water. ANOVA result indicated that the leaves extracts affected significantly (P<0.05) the carcass cuts of drumstick, thigh, neck, breast, feet, head and wing across all the treatment groups as this is favorably comparable to the birds in the control group without the extract treatment. Organoleptic properties scores of color, aroma and juiciness scores were significantly different (P<0.05) across the treatment groups but are all statistically similar as compared to the control group. The scores for flavour, tenderness, texture, appearance are not significantly different (P<0.05) across all the treatment groups. The overall acceptability score across the treatment groups as compared to the control groups was not significantly different (P<0.05). This implies that the leaves extracts treatments on the birds do not affect negatively the meat quality as well as the consumption of the birds.
EFFECT OF BAMBUSA VULGARIS LEAF MEAL ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Imonikebe U. G.
Published: December 2024

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of Bambusa vulgaris leaf meal on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Four experimental diets in form of mash were formulated to contain the Bambusa vulgaris leaf meal at (T1) 0%, (T2) 2.5%, (T3) 5% and (T4) 7.5% respectively, and were used to feed 120 day old Agrited breed of broilers. The day old chicks were randomly allotted to 4 treatment groups of 30 birds each. Each group was further divided into 3 replicate groups of 10 birds each and were assigned to the 4 treatment diets and water was given ad-libitum in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The experiment lasted 56 days. Data obtained in each measured parameter was subjected to analysis of variance. The results of the performance of broilers fed diet containing leaf meal revealed significant (p < 0.05) differences and superiority over the control diets in the final weight and total weight gain. While T4 exhibited excellent performance in feed conversion ratio. The live weight, dressed weight, dressing percentage, back cut, breast muscle, thigh, wings and drumstick were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by BVLM inclusion levels of finisher broilers and were appreciably increased at 5% and 7.5% dietary level of BVLM. The result revealed that broiler chickens could tolerate 5% to 7.5% dietary levels of BVLM without deleterious effects on their performance and carcass characteristics. It was therefore recommended that broiler diets be supplemented with Bambusa vulgaris leaf meal at 5% to 7.5% to enhance growth performance and quality carcass yield.
EFFECT OF OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM LEAF MEAL SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND HAEMO-BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSE OF BROILER-CHICKENS
Authors: Ogunsipe M. H. , Akinyele S. A. , Ibidapo I. , Ayoola M. A. , Dada O. A.
Published: December 2024

The growth performance and haemo-biochemical characteristics of broiler-chickens to dietary supplementation of Ocimum gratissimum leaf meal (OGLM) was investigated in a 42 day feeding trial. A basal diet was formulated using the conventional feed ingredients. The diet was divided into six equal portions, and supplemented with OGLM to have diet 1 (0 g OGLM /100kg diet; serving as positive control), diet 2 (0 g OGLM /100kg diet + 250 mg antibiotic, serving as negative control), diet 3 (250 g OGLM /100kg diet), diet 4 (500 g OGLM /100kg diet), diet 5 (750 g OGLM /100kg diet), diet 6 (1000 g OGLM /100kg diet). Feed intake, weight gain, hematological and serum profile of birds fed Ocimum gratissimum leaf meal supplements were significant (P<0.05) while feed conversion ratio and white blood counts were not significantly (P>0.05) different. Supplementation of OGLM at the optimal level of 750 g/100kg diet improved growth rate and up to 1000 g/100kg diet did not compromise blood profile of broiler chickens.
BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) AND PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF TWO STRAINS OF UNSELECTED BREEDER TURKEY (Meleagris gallopavo) IN ZARIA, NIGERIA
Authors: Kabir M. , Habred H. , Chana I. M.
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to assess body mass index (BMI) and some production performance of two strains of unselected breeder Turkey. The data was generated from (n=64) Turkeys comprising (n=32 each) of Norfolk black and Mammoth bronze strains. The growth and body linear measurements studied included body weight (BW), body length (BL), body height (BH), chest girth (CG) and shank length (SL). Haematological parameters included pack cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and total protein (TP). Data was collected when over 70% of the females were into lay (38 weeks of age). Result indicated that the BMI (g/cm2) for Mammoth male and female are 160.03+6.66 and 115.08+6.55, respectively. While for Norfolk male and female was 161.96±7.02 and 105.41±2.37, respectively. BW (g) in the Mammoth male and female was 7100.00+351.18 and 4110.00±193.90, respectively. While for Norfolk male and female it was 7183.33+358.62 and 3710.00±79.68, respectively. This showed that the males of the two strains have significantly higher BMI and BW than the females. Lower BMI is an indication of reduced fat deposition, which is required for breeder females. Result for body linear measurements showed no sexual dimorphism and/or strain effect in both Mammoth and Norfolk strains. The result of haematological parameters shows that there was significant difference between strains but no significant sex effect. It was concluded that females of the two strains performed better in their laying period by having low BMI. The males however, showed good performance for their age.
PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS IN RESPONSE TO DIETS CONTAINING GRADED LEVELS OF ENERGY-PROTEIN CONCENTRATE
Authors: Ayeni A. O. , Fasanmi T. G. , Adegbenro M. , Popoola O. E. , Odewole K. H. , Agbede J. O.
Published: December 2024

The 42-day study investigated the use of maize and local fish waste as components of an energy-protein concentrate (EPC) in broiler chicken diets, to address challenges in conventional feeding. Maize, used as the source of energy concentrate (ME), and local fish waste as the source of protein concentrate (CP) were mixed in the ratio 3:2 with maize containing 8.9% CP, and local fish waste containing 61.5% CP, while the energy content of maize and local fish waste were 3350kcal/kg and 2760kcal/kg, respectively. One hundred and fifty Arbor Acre broiler chickens of 5 replicates with 10 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design were fed diets with varying inclusion level of EPC at 0%, 50%, and 100% replacement of major energy and protein sources. Results revealed that for final weight (FWT), weight gain (WG) and feed intake (FI), birds fed diet with 0% and 50% EPC replacement performed similarly (710.76g, 668.46g, and 970.66g), (663.15g, 621.79g, and 944.57g) at 21 days. At 42 days, the FWT, WG and FI of those on 0% EPC were also similar to those on 50% EPC replacement (2.25kg, 2.21kg and 1.50kg), (2.21kg, 2.17kg and 3.60kg) respectively, but performed better than those fed 100% EPC replacement diet (356.08g, 314.66g, and 564.03g). However, the feed conversion ratio was not significantly affected. The study emphasized nutrient density of EPC and its efficient utilization for broiler performance. The findings support refining dietary formulations to optimize broiler performance and promote sustainable production practices.
EFFECT OF ADMINISTERING AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF MORINDA LUCIDA LEAVES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS FED AN AFLATOXIN B1 CONTAMINATED DIET
Authors: Adeyeye S.A. , Oloruntola O.D. , Ayodele S. O. , Olajide O. O. , Abdusalam L .O. , Adeniji O. E.
Published: December 2024

Despite the potential benefits, medicinal plant aqueous extracts, which play a vital role in providing essential micronutrients and enhancing gut performance for animal well-being have not received adequate attention. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the impact of administering aqueous Morinda lucida leaf extract (MLLE) on the performance of broiler chickens fed aflatoxin B1 contaminated diets. Two hundred day-old Cobb 500 broiler chickens were meticulously selected and allocated to four dietary treatments with five replicates (10 birds/replicate) in a completely randomized design The dietary treatments were coded as: Diet 1 (Control) had no aflatoxin B1 contamination, while Diets 2 to 4 were contaminated with 0.5 g/kg aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) each. Birds fed Diet 3 were orally administered 1 g/litre of aqueous MLLE, prepared by soaking in graduated hot water the day before administration, and sieved before given to the birds. Birds fed Diet 4 were given 2 g/litre of aqueous MLLE. At intervals of 7 days, the body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. The BWG of birds fed Diet 2 (2291.49 g/bird) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower compared to those in Diets 1, 3, and 4 (2698.09, 2745.40, and 2741.09 g/bird, respectively). The FI across the dietary treatments was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected. Birds fed Diets 3 and 4 had the lowest FCR of 1.27 each compared to others. In conclusion, administering aqueous Morinda lucida leaf extract at 1 g/litre to broiler chickens exposed to a diet contaminated with 0.5 mg/kg Aflatoxin B1 improved the performance of the birds.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF BROILER CHICKEN AS INFLUENCED BY DIETARY INCLUSION OF PICRALIMA NITIDA SEED MEAL.
Authors: Adesanya O. F. , Adeyemo G.O. , Mafimidiwo A. N. , Adesanya O. A. , Williams G. A. , Obadimu A.O. , Ariyibi A. , Adejumobi A. J.
Published: December 2024

The use of natural feed additives in poultry industry cannot be overemphasized. Thus a 6 weeks trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary Picralima nitida seed meal (PNSM) as substitute to antimicrobial feed additives on the growth performance and serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens. A total of 256 one-day-old, unsexed Arbor-Acre Plus broiler chicks were randomly allotted into four dietary treatments, replicated eight times with eight birds in a completely randomized design. PNSM was incorporated into the experimental diet at varying levels; 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 g/100g. Feed and water were offered ad-libitum to the birds for six weeks. Data collected on growth performance and serum biochemical indices were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. Results indicated that dietary PNSM inclusion level significantly (p<0.05) influenced weight gain positively with birds fed 0.5% PNSM having the highest weight gain (1837.43g). However, the addition of PNSM in the broiler diets did not affect serum biochemical indices (liver enzymes, electrolytes and serum lipids) significantly (P>0.05). Total cholesterol (P=0.053) and low-density lipoprotein (P=0.094) levels increases at 0.5% inclusion of PNSM when compared with the control. The supplementation did not significantly (P>0.05) affect serum antioxidant content (total phenols and total flavonoids). It can be concluded that PNSM supplemented at 0.5% in the diets of broiler chicken improved weight gain, better feed conversion ratio and improved the chicken’s serum antioxidants.
EFFECT OF TURMERIC, GARLIC, GINGER POWDER AND THE BLENDS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF RABBITS
Authors: Ademolue R. O. , Sanwo K. A. , Sobayo R. A. , Ayo-Ajasa O. Y. , Okanlawon E. O.
Published: December 2024

Garlic, ginger and turmeric as phytogenic additives and natural growth promoters can be potential alternatives for common artificial growth promoters like antibiotics. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of turmeric, garlic, ginger powder and their blends on growth performance of weaner rabbit. Forty-eight weaner rabbits (8 weeks) were randomly allotted into eight dietary groups designated T1 to T8 in a completely randomized design. The T1 contained 0% phytobiotic, T2, T3 and T4 contained 0.6% turmeric (Tr), garlic (Ga) and ginger (Gn) powder, T5, T6 and T7 contained combination of 0.3% each of Tr+Ga, Tr+Gn and Ga+Gn while T8 contained 0.2% each of the three phytobiotics. Data were collected for all the growth parameters and feed efficiency ratio. Result showed significant (p< 0.01) effect of phytobiotics on final body weight of the rabbits. Group fed 3gGaGn utilized diet better with complementary final weights of 2057.00g, total weight gain (1109g) and average daily weight gain (13.21g) when compared to rabbit group fed 6gGn (1339.50g) and 3gTrGa (1318.67g) as well as lowest total weight gain and average daily weight gain of 444.47g and 5.29g respectively. Rabbits fed 6gGa and 3gTrGn consumed larger average quantity of feed per day (65.42 and 65.18) respectively compared to other dietary groups. Nevertheless, rabbit group fed 6gGn consumed significantly (p<0.01) lower quantity of feed (50.82g) daily while rabbits fed 3gGaGn utilized feed more efficiently with efficiency of 0.21. It was concluded that rabbits fed blend of 3gGaGn had higher growth indices as well as better feed efficiency ratio, the blend is therefore recommended to reap beneficial effects that is greater than the sum of their separate effects.
EVALUATION OF NUTRIENT COMPOSITIONS OF IRRIGATED GAMBA (ANDROPOGON GA YANUS) FORAGE IN ZARIA, NIGERIA
Authors: BELLO S. S. , AMODU J. T. , HASSANI M. R. , BALA A. G. , IBRAHIM U. B. , ISHIAKU Y. M. , HASSAN A. H. , IBRAHIM H.
Published: December 2024

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of varying levels of irrigation volume, irrigation frequency and compost on chemical compositions of gamba (Andropogon gayanus) forage. The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized block design with Split-Plot arrangement. The factors were arranged in a factorial arrangement, with three replications. There were three (3) levels of irrigation volumes (25, 50 and 100 L), two irrigation frequencies (3 and 6-day intervals) and two levels of compost manure application (25 and 50 kg/ha), respectively. Irrigation volumes were assigned as the main plots, while irrigation frequencies and compost were sub-plot factors. The result  showed there yere no treatment effects (P >0.05) on all. variables measured of the proximate composition (%) of gamba froage at 8 and 12 weeks. However, there were significant on interactions variables (P< 0.05) detected but the trend was inconsistent at all the age intervals considered. The mineral composition at all ages remained similar (P >0.05) in all the irrigation volume, intervals and compost treatments. However, interactions showed inconsistent trend (P< 0.05) in some mineral composition variables throughout the plant age. In conclusion, it is revealed that the combination of treatments imposed, have a significant effect on the chemical composition of Gamba It is therefore, economically feasible for famers to irrigate the forage based on the minimum irrigation volume (25L) that supplies adequate soil moisture in combination with cheap nutrient source (25kg/ha Compost manure) at 6 days irrigation interval for better nutritional quality and to save the extra cost of labour and waste of resources in Zaria, Nigeria.
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON EMERGENCE OF NINE INTRODUCED TEMPERATE FORAGE GERMPLASMS IN SHIKA, NIGERIA
Authors: SHIAKU Y. M. , ABUBAKAR A. , HASSAN M. R. , AMODU J. T. , AHMED S. A. , BALA A. G. , AKPENSEUN T. T. , BELLO S. S.
Published: December 2024

A trial was conducted with nine imported temperate forage germplasms at the National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika, Nigeria. The seeds consisted of seven grasses namely; Beefsteak plant (Fructus perillae), Sweet elephant grass (Pennisetum alopecuroides), Wild foxtail millet (Setaria viridis), Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), King grass (Pennisetum sinese), Chinese sorghum (Sweet sorghum), Zea mexican schard (Purus frumentum) and two legumes namely; Chinese woad (Isatis tinctoria) and Chinese alfalfa (Medicago sativa). A laboratory germination test and pot emergence trials were carried out to ascertain seed viability. The result of the experiment showed that Sweet elephant grass, Napier grass and King grass recorded over 90 % germination and the least was 30 % in Chinese Sorghum. Chinese alfalfa and wild foxtail millet did not germinate with i 00 % Seed dormancy. Highest emergence rate, seedling length and seedling vigour index were observed in King grass than the other forage germplasms. The highest percentage emergence was obtained in King grass > Sweet elephant grass > Napier grass > Zea Mexican schard > Beefsteak plant > Chinese woad > Chinese sorghum respectively. The forages except Chinese alfalfa and foxtail millet can successfully be adopted as animal feed resources in Nigeria and therefore, recommended for multi-locational trial in all the ecological zones in the country.
DAILY THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSE OF FOUR BREEDS OF NON-PREGNANT COWS IN IBADAN, NIGERIA
Authors: EWUOLA E. O. , OLORUNNISOMO O. O. , OYENIYI F. G.
Published: December 2024

The thermoregulatory responses of 4 non-pregnant cow breeds (Jersey, N'Dama, White Fulani and Sokoto Gudali) totaling 20 with corresponding replicates n = 4, 4, 4, 8 respectively were determined in an experiment. They were housed under similar conditions, fed same diet, fairly evenly aged (2-21⁄2 years) with weights ranging from 270 to 315kg. Pulse rate, heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature of the animals were measured twice daily-before (7:30a.m.) and after grazing (3:00 p.m.). Ambient temperature and relative humidity were also recorded. The pulse rate (beats/minute) in Jersey cows (57.27) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in N'Dama cows (55.84) which had the least value. Heart rate (beats/minute) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Jersey cows (57.94) than N'Dama cows (56.21). Respiratory rate (beats/minute) in Jersey cows (48.25) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of N'Dama cows (40.50), White Fulani cows (41.25) and Sokoto Gudali cows (41.88). There was no significant difference in rectal temperature across the breeds. All parameters evaluated were within the normal hysiological range for cows. The high respiratory rate in Jersey cows indicated that they reflected heat bette than other cow breeds (N'Dama, White Fulani and Sokoto Gudali) examined. Key words: Thermoregulatory response, pre-gestating cows, humid tropical environment.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF ISA BROWN COCKERELS FED GRADED LEVELS OF AIR-DRIED NEEM LEAF AND BARK MEAL
Authors: Oyetoro B. A. , Adedeji O. S. , Rom-Kalilu F. A.
Published: December 2024

Poultry farmers prefer rearing of healthy birds using natural growth and health promoting additives. Azadirachta indica (neem leaf and bark) has good potential as feed additives. This study assessed the effect of graded levels of neem leaf and bark meal on performance and carcass characteristics of ISA Brown cockerels. Two hundred and seventy (270) day-old ISA Brown strain cockerels were used for the study. The birds were randomly allotted to nine dietary treatments of thirty birds each, replicated thrice with ten birds per replicate. The treatments were 0g Neem Leaf Meal (NLM) and Neem Bark Meal (NBM) as control, 2.5g, 5.0g, 7.5g and 10.0g NLM/kg feed, 2.5g, 5.0g, 7.5g and 10.0g NBM/kg feed in a Completely Randomized Design. Birds were fed the experimental diets from 1st week to 20th week of age. Daily feed intake (DFI), Daily Weight Gain (WG) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using General Linear Model. Cockerel chickens fed 2.5g/kg NLM exhibited significantly highest Final Weight (FW), DWG, and ADG during the starter phase compared to the control. In the grower phase, birds fed 5.0g/kg Neem Bark Meal (NBM) showed significantly heaviest FW, DWG, and ADG. In conclusion, feeding ISA Brown cockerels with neem bark meal up to 5.0g/ kg of feed enhance performance at finisher phase.
PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS ADMINISTERED AQUEOUS BAMBOO (BAMBUSA VULGARIS) LEAF EXTRACT IN DRINKING WATER
Authors: Williams G. A. , Mafimidiwo A. N. , Oyekan I. A. , Lawal A. H. , Muibi S. A. , Arabambi J. , Ganiyu Z. T. , Nudewhenu G. M. , Sole F. D. , Saula A. A.
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the effect of aqueous bamboo leaf extracts (BLE) in drinking water on performance of broiler chickens. A total of ninety-six (96) day-old broiler (Ross 308) chickens were used for the study. The birds were allotted into four treatments in a completely randomised design. The treatments were T1 (Control, which is ordinary water), T2 (antibiotics (Tetranor 5% at 5g per litre of watre)), T3 (50ml BLE per litre of water) and T4 (100mL BLE per litre of water). Each treatment was replicated four times with 6 birds in each replicate. Performance parameters were taken at the end of every week for the period of 8 weeks of the study. Data collected were subjected to one way analysis of variance using SAS (2009) while separation of means was done using Tukey’s test. Result showed that the broiler given 100ml/L of aqueous BLE in drinking water had the highest (P<0.05) final weight and weight gain at both starter and finisher phase. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P<0.05) was best for broilers given 100ml/L of aqueous BLE in drinking water at both starter and finisher phase. Inclusion of aqueous BLE at both 50ml/L and 100ml/L had no significant (P>0.05) effect on feed intake of broiler at both starter and finisher phase. No mortality was recorded for the group of broilers given 100ml/L of aqueous BLE at finisher phase. It was concluded that inclusion of aqueous BLE at 100ml/L in drinking water improved the weight gain, FCR and reduced mortality of broilers.
THE USE OF ENTHALPY COMFORT INDEX FOR ASSESSMENT OF ON-BOARD THERMAL MICRO-CONDITIONS DURING TRANSPORTATION OF PULLETS
Authors: MINKA N. S. , AYO J. O.
Published: December 2024

The aim of the present study was to examine the on-board thermal micro-conditions of vehicles using the enthalpy comfort index (ECI) during transportation of pullets during the hot-dry season in Northern Nigeria. Three vehicles were used to transport 2800 Black Harco pullets for 5 hours each during the nighttime. The ECI, which combines an integral part of ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded at different spots inside the vehicles during transportation. On-board thermal heterogeneity was observed inside the vehicles with significantly higher (p<0.05) values of ECI at the centre (120 ± 8.5 KJ/kg) and front (100+ 5.8 KJ/kg) and lower values recorded at the sides (85±4.5 KJ/kg) and rear (87 ± 7.2 KJ/kg) planes of the vehicles during the transportation period. 80% of the birds that died during the transportation were found in drawers located at the centre with ECI value higher than 100 KJ/kg. In conclusion, transporting pullets under ECI above 100 KJ/kg constituted poor welfare and may result to heat stress and mortality.
GROWTH RESPONSE OF FUNAAB ALPHA BROILER CHICKENS TO DIETS CONTAINING VARYING LEVELS OF ALLIGATOR PEPPER (AFRAMOMUM MELEGUETA) SEED MEAL
Authors: Onogwu L. O. , Njoku C. P. , Adeyeye E. A. , Sobayo R. A.
Published: December 2024

Alligator pepper (Aframomum melegueta) seed meal (APSM) was used as an alternative growth promoter in diets of FUNAAB Alpha broiler chickens. One hundred and fifty (150) 1-day-old chicks were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design into five treatment groups, three replicates per treatment with ten birds per replicate. The birds were fed basal diet containing APSM at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g/kg for the 8 weeks experimental duration. Data were collected on feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), and feed conversion ratios (FCR) were calculated for both phases of growth of broiler chicken. Results revealed that dietary inclusion of Alligator pepper significantly (p<0.05) influenced final weight, weight gain and FCR of broiler chicken at chicks’ phase. While at finisher phase, the growth indices were comparable across all treatment groups. The study therefore concluded that dietary inclusion of 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5g/kg APSM relatively enhanced the weight gain of finisher FUNAAB Alpha broiler chickens.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKS FED DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF DIFFERENT PHYTOGENIC BLENDS
Authors: Fadare T. O. , Fafiolu A. O. , Sogunle O. M. , Amos A. T.
Published: December 2024

This study was aimed at evaluating the growth performance of broiler chickens on dietary supplementation of phytogenic feed additives. Dietary treatment consisted of 8 groups; treatment (T) T1= Negative control (without additives), T2= Positive control (with antibiotics), T3= Blend of 35% lemon peel meal+ 30.5% orange peel meal+ 22.5% Lemongrass meal + 12% curry leaf meal, T4 = Blend of 32.5% lemon peel meal+ 33% orange peel meal+ 23.5% of Lemongrass meal + 11%of curry leaf meal, T5 = Blend of 30% lemon peel meal+ 35.5% orange peel meal+ 24.5% of Lemongrass meal + 10% curry leaf meal, T6= Blend of 27.5% lemon peel meal+ 38% orange peel meal+ 25.5% of Lemongrass meal + 9% of curry leaf meal, T7= Blend of 25% lemon peel meal+ 40.5% orange peel meal+ 26.5% of Lemongrass meal + 8% of curry leaf meal, T8= Blend of 22.5% lemon peel meal+ 43% orange peel meal+ 27.5% of Lemongrass meal + 7% of curry leaf meal. Three hundred and twenty day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted to eight dietary treatments, each treatment had 4 replicates of 10 birds. The experiment lasted for four weeks. Data on growth performance was collected and subjected to one way analysis of variance in a completely randomised design and significant means were separated using Duncan’s multiple range test at a 5% level of probability. Only the feed conversion ratio was significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the dietary treatment at the starter phase. The study concluded that the dietary supplementation of phytogenic blends produced a similar final weight, weight gain, and daily weight gain as the control groups.
EFFECTS OF BITTER ORANGE JUICE AND AVILYTE® AS ALTERNATIVE SOURCES TO ANTIBIOTICS ON EGG QUALITIES OF LAYING HENS
Authors: Makanjuola B. A. , Sorunke A. O. , Boladuro B. A. , Adeleke O. T.
Published: December 2024

For sustainability and increased productivity of the poultry enterprise, utilization of substances with growth promoting effects can act as an alternative to antibiotics, acting as a key component to effective disease control. A ten week experiment was carried out to assess the efficacies of alternatives to antibiotics on egg quality traits of commercial layers. In a Completely Randomised Design, a hundred and forty-four commercial layer birds were randomly allotted into four treatments and replicated thrice with 12 birds per replicate at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Apata Ibadan. The birds were offered a formulated layers basal diet with 2601 metabolizable energy, 16% crude protein and 3.32% crude fibre. Enrofloxacin, bitter orange juice and Avilyte® were administered via water. T1 had Enrofloxacin (10 ml to 20litres of water), T2 had Avilyte® (10 g to 20 litres of water), T3 had bitter orange juice (500mls to 20litres of water) and T4 were given ordinary water. Data were collected for internal and external egg quality parameters and subjected to Anova of SAS (2016) and means where significant were separated using Duncan multiple range test. Results on internal egg parameters revealed that there was no significant difference (p˃0.05) across the treatments except for albumen diameter which was significantly (p<0.05) highest in T1 (9.80 cm) and lowest in T4 (8.78 cm). Egg number which is an external egg parameter was significantly (p<0.05) highest in T3. The egg weight was significantly (p<0.05) impacted by the treatments with range values of 57.25 g (T3) – 63.58 g (T4). The egg shape index was between 75.74 and 77.42 in T3 and T4 respectively, (p>0.05). The study concluded base on external egg quality parameters that Avilyte® and bitter orange juice can serve as alternatives to antibiotics.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND SERUM ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF BROILER CHICKENS TO CLOVE AND CINNAMON POWDER AS ORGANIC GROWTH PROMOTER
Authors: Ibigbami D. J. , Adegoke A. V. , Odutayo O. J. , Babalola B. T. , Adebajo O. C.
Published: December 2024

A study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary clove and cinnamon powder on the growth performance and antioxidant enzymes of broiler chickens. One hundred and eighty (180) 1-day-old broiler chicks were distributed into four (4) treatments. Treatment 1 (T1) diet contained antibiotics and served as the control; Treatment 2 (T2), Treatment 3 (T3) and Treatment 4 (T4) diets contained 1g, 2g and 3g/kg cloves and cinnamon powder, respectively. Growth performance data were collected on weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and survivability. Serum samples were collected and analysed for Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). All data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance using SPSS. Significant (p< 0.05) means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test as contained in the software. Results at 42 days showed that Birds in treatment 2 had the highest (p<0.05) total and average water intake while birds in treatment 3 recorded the least water intake. Antioxidant properties of broiler chickens were effected especially the CAT enzyme and SOD. Catalase activity was significantly increased by the addition of 2 g/kg of clove and cinnamon powders, but not 1 g/kg or 3 g/kg. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased by the addition of all levels of the phytobiotics. It can be recommended that further studies should be carried out on the combinations of clove and cinnamon powder as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter.