bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NGC 2992: Interplay between the multiphase disc, wind, and radio bubbles
Authors: Zanchettin M. V. , Feruglio C. , Massardi M. , Lapi A. , Bischetti M. , Cantalupo S. , Fiore F. , Bongiorno A. , Malizia A. , Marinucci A. , Molina M. , Piconcelli E. , Tombesi F. , Travascio A. , Tozzi G. , Tripodi R.
Published: September 2023

We present an analysis of the gas kinematics in NGC 2992 based on VLT/MUSE, ALMA, and VLA data. Our aim is to characterise the disc, the wind, and their interplay in the cold molecular and warm ionised phases. NGC 2992 is a changing-look Seyfert known to host both a nuclear ultrafast outflow (UFO), and an AGN-driven kiloparsec-scale ionised wind. CO(2−1) and Hα arise from a multiphase disc with an inclination of 80 deg and radii of 1.5 and 1.8 kpc, respectively. By modelling the gas kinematics, we find that the velocity dispersion of the cold molecular phase, σgas, is consistent with that of star forming galaxies at the same redshift, except in the inner 600 pc region, and in the region between the cone walls and the disc, where σgas is a factor of 3−4 larger than in star forming galaxies for both the cold molecular and the warm ionised phases. This suggests that a disc–wind interaction locally boosts the gas turbulence. We detect a clumpy ionised wind in Hβ, [O III], Hα, and [N II] distributed in two wide-opening-angle ionisation cones reaching scales of 7 kpc (40 arcsec). The [O III] wind expands with a velocity exceeding −1000 km s−1 in the inner 600 pc, which is a factor of approximately five greater than the previously reported wind velocity. Based on spatially resolved electron density and ionisation parameter maps, we infer an ionised outflow mass of Mof, ion = (3.2 ± 0.3)×107 M⊙, and a total ionised outflow rate of Ṁof,ion = 13.5 ± 1 M⊙ yr−1. We detected ten clumps of cold molecular gas located above and below the disc in the ionisation cones, reaching maximum projected distances of 1.7 kpc and showing projected bulk velocities of up to 200 km s−1. On these scales, the wind is multiphase, with a fast ionised component and a slower molecular one, and a total mass of Mof, ion + mol = 5.8 × 107 M⊙, of which the molecular component carries the bulk of the mass, namely Mof, mol = 4.3 × 107 M⊙. The dusty molecular outflowing clumps and the turbulent ionised gas are located at the edges of the radio bubbles, suggesting that the bubbles interact with the surrounding medium through shocks, as also supported by the [O I]/Hα ratio. Conversely, both the large opening angle and the dynamical timescale of the ionised wind detected in the ionisation cones on 7 kpc scales indicate that this is not related to the radio bubbles but instead likely associated with a previous AGN episode. Finally, we detect a dust reservoir that is co-spatial with the molecular disc, with a cold dust mass of Mdust = (4.04 ± 0.03)×106 M⊙, which is likely responsible for the extended Fe Kα emission seen on 200 pc scales in hard X-rays and interpreted as reflection by cold dust.
The Current State and Future Prospects of Different Types of New Energy Vehicles
Authors: Wei Jialiang
Published: September 2023

With the advent of the electrification era of passenger cars, the development and trend of new energy vehicles have attracted growing public attention. The focus of this paper is to compare the merits and demerits of different types of new energy vehicles and to look forward to their future development prospects. Based on the sales situation of NEVs in recent years, the proportion of NEVs in the current market and the existing conditions of different types of NEVs, this paper analyzes the current market structure and looks forward to the future development of new energy vehicles. The paper finds that pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles are the two main players in the new energy vehicle market. In the era of automobile electrification, pure electric vehicles have unique comprehensive advantages, which is the development direction of the passenger car industry. Hybrid vehicles are used as an auxiliary for their coordinated development. Hydrogen energy vehicles are currently not as selected by the public as pure electric series and hybrid series, but hydrogen energy is another new energy development direction in addition to electric energy, and there is also much room for its development with the national support. Natural gas fuel vehicles currently have a small market and can also give full play to their advantages in the transition stage of development.
Layout and optimization of charging piles for new energy electric vehicles – A study on Xi'an urban area
Authors: Jiang Yi
Published: September 2023

This paper analyzes the current layout of public charging stations within the third ring road of Xi'an central urban area and the daily charging needs of residents, the main problems in the layout of electric vehicle charging stations in the central urban area of Xi'an were found, the differentiated demand analysis of living space charging was carried out, and the location model of electric vehicle public charging station facilities in the central urban area of the city was constructed, the location selection and optimization of electric vehicle public charging stations in the central urban area of Xi'an were studied. At the same time, a reasonable pile configuration was carried out, finally, the layout scheme of electric vehicle public charging stations in the central urban area was formed, the main shortcomings of the current charging pile layout and the factors (demand side) that should be considered in the current and future charging pile layout are concluded, and the layout and optimization of charging piles for clean energy in the future are prospected.
The Influence of Environmental Change on Pharmaceutical Companies -- Analysis of Opportunities for Pharmaceutical Companies, Take Roche Inc., Pfizer, and Merck. as an example
Authors: Lai Yingkuan
Published: September 2023

The impact of natural environment change on biological pharmaceutical companies has become a growing concern in recent years. In response, re-searchers have employed various models to analyze the relationship between natural environment changes and the financial performance of these companies. This paper will use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and Fama-French Three-Factor Model (FF3F) to estimate the impact of natural environment changes on biological pharmaceutical companies. Using secondary data from past studies, this paper conducts a literature review to analyze the impact of natural environmental changes on these companies, particularly in terms of their risk and return tradeoffs. Results from previous research indicate that both CAPM and FF3F models can be used to measure the risk and return trade-offs in the context of natural environmental changes. The CAPM model has been used to identify factors such as natural disasters and climate change that influence the risk of these companies, while the FF3F model has been used to measure the effect of regulatory changes on their stock prices. Overall, this paper brings together previous insights and findings, aiming to provide a deeper understanding of the impact of natural environment change on biological pharmaceutical companies. It concludes that further research is needed to investigate other factors that can influence the performance of these companies in the face of natural environmental changes.
Application of Drones in Nuclear Contaminated Sites
Authors: Xu Ruohan
Published: September 2023

The impact of nuclear radiation following the Japan earthquake has been significant. This article states that on March 11, 2011, a 9.0 magnitude earthquake occurred near Honshu Island, Japan, followed by a tsunami. The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant was severely damaged by the earthquake and tsunami and triggered the Fukushima nuclear leakage event, which had an impact beyond the national boundaries of Japan and caused a global nuclear pollution accident. Nuclear pollution can have severe and long-lasting impacts on the environment and human health. Exposure to radioactive materials can cause radiation sickness, cancer, and genetic mutations. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology is the best monitoring mechanical, can carry out monitor and post-quake repairs. This paper explores the application of drones in nuclear contaminated sites from the perspective of drone technology characteristics, the special features of nuclear contaminated sites, and the advantages of drone application in these sites, such as reducing radiation risks, improving operational efficiency, and lowering operating costs. For example, it can be used in nuclear radiation restoration investigation, image collection communication in disaster areas, operational assistance. It improves the nuclear emergency rescue system. Additionally, this paper provides an outlook on the future of drone application in nuclear contaminated sites. Drones can be equipped with more advanced sensors and equipment, enabling more efficient work and restoration.
Analysis of Water Vapour Feedback and its Impact on Surface Temperature
Authors: Yang Siyun
Published: September 2023

The accumulation of greenhouse gases is the main reason for the global warming process. Water vapour, being one of the most abundant and powerful greenhouse gas, strongly influences the warming process in multiple ways. Despite being a greenhouse gas itself, the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere is directly related to the surface temperature of the earth. To understand the global warming process, a deeper look into water vapour and its unique positive feedback mechanism is meaningful. This paper will discuss the mechanism of water vapour feedback, the equilibrium established between the content of water vapour in the air and the surface temperature of the earth. In addition, this study will calculate the time scale and magnitude of the response of water vapour to varying (in real cases increasing) surface temperature, and qualitatively analyse how water vapour feedback would affect the global warming process by serving as an amplifier for the greenhouse effect. These results establish a mathematical model for water vapour feedback’s impact on surface temperature rise and could be used as a starting point for lab experiments and more complex analysis.
Carbon Neutrality Transformation of Chinese Cities
Authors: Zou Chunyu
Published: September 2023

In the context of carbon neutrality, countries around the world are studying how cities transform to them. In recent years, China's research in the field of environmental protection has also developed rapidly and is currently at a leading level worldwide. The transformation of cities to carbon neutrality is also increasingly valued by the Chinese government. This paper mainly discusses how Chinese cities transform to low-carbon and carbon neutrality. Firstly, it was pointed out that in order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to first address the issue of energy transformation, carry out an energy supply revolution, and increase one's own energy advantages. Then it pointed out the role that big cities play in the transformation process. Taking developed country metropolises London, New York, and Guangzhou, China as examples, this paper analyzes their respective development methods, characteristics, and results. Then it gives specific measures for other cities in China in terms of transportation and ecological development, and also points out the path to achieve carbon neutrality in China. Finally, it also mentioned a technology to achieve carbon neutrality - carbon sequestration technology, and explained the corresponding measures from two aspects of plants and buildings in detail.
Economic and Social Impacts of the Mining of Rare Earth Resources: Taking the United States as an Example
Authors: Pan Ruohan
Published: September 2023

Rare earth elements are very important and can be widely used in the manufacture of various components. China is currently in a monopoly position and has a tendency to reduce exports. The situation of the global rare earth market is becoming more and more serious. The United States restarted rare earth mining. However, rare earth mining and extraction are highly contaminative and have caused environmental disruption, diseases, and poverty in Native American (NA) reservations. By using life cycle assessment, spatial analysis, and social class theorem, this paper draws the conclusion that poverty, high prevalence rates, and low education level are positively correlated with the environmental damage caused by rare earth mining. At the same time, environmental inequity informs and is informed by the social class stratification and solidification in U.S. society. The conclusion reveals that people should pay attention to the impact of environmental inequity on economic inequity and social class mobility. It may also give policymakers some inspiration when establishing policies against ethnic minorities and the underclass.
Les bactériophages, nouveaux auteurs du génome
Authors: Astezan Amélie , Chargelegue Jade , David Eliot , Giraud Julien , Saunier Clémentine , Aussel Laurent
Published: September 2023

Dans le cadre de l’unité d’enseignement « Rédiger en sciences » proposée par Aix-Marseille université, les étudiants du Master 2 Microbiologie intégrative et fondamentale (MIF) - en partenariat avec l’institut de microbiologie, bioénergies et biotechnologie (IM2B) - ont été confrontés aux exigences de l’écriture scientifique. Trois thématiques leur ont été proposées en relation étroite avec les laboratoires de recherche du tissu local : l’homéostasie des métaux chez les pathogènes, la synthèse de la paroi bactérienne et les systèmes anti-CRISPR des bactériophages. Les étudiants ont ainsi rédigé une nouvelle soulignant les résultats majeurs et l’originalité des articles étudiés. Complété par un entretien avec leurs auteurs, l’ensemble offre un éclairage original sur la compréhension du vivant dans le domaine de la microbiologie et de la santé.
Modelling the forest harvesting tour problem
Authors: Viana Víctor , Cancela Héctor , Pradenas Lorena
Published: September 2023

In a globalized market, forest management plans play an important role in the sustainability of forest enterprises. Several optimization processes have therefore been developed to support decision-making in forestry operations. However, important issues remain to be addressed, such as planning the allocation of harvesting areas and scheduling the harvesting teams that are contracted for these purposes. Harvesting schedules include different time scales and natural constraints, so that finding optimal or even good quality ones constitutes a highly complex combinatorial optimization problem. Efficient planning of harvesting operations can significantly reduce the costs associated with logistics and improve the economic performance of companies in the sector. In Uruguay, almost 75% of total forest harvesting operations for pulp production are carried out by contractor companies, so they are an important player in the supply chain. This study aims to optimize the allocation and routing of the harvesting equipment of forest contractors, which must be located at the sites to be harvested during the year. Numerical experiments over a case study based on realistic data have shown that realistic-sized instances can be resolved by standard mathematical programming software in a reasonable time. The mathematical programming model can also be useful to evaluate potential gains in joint planning by several contractors with respect to the costs incurred by separate planning; as illustrated also with numerical examples over the same case study. This model can be used to support annual forest harvest scheduling and equipment allocation for corporate contractors, leading to better quality plans and improvement opportunities.
Spezialkliniken erfüllen einen wichtigen Auftrag in der
Versorgung psychischer Erkrankungen – Pro &
Kontra
Authors: Voderholzer Ulrich
Published: September 2023

Die Frage, ob Spezialkliniken einen wichtigen Auftrag in der Versorgung psychischer
Erkrankungen erfüllen, sollte primär Betroffenen und ihren
Angehörigen sowie niedergelassenen Kolleginnen und Kollegen gestellt werden,
die nach stationären Behandlungsplätzen für ihre Patienten
suchen, wenn eine ambulante Therapie nicht mehr ausreicht oder nicht zur Besserung
geführt hat. Aus meiner persönlichen Perspektive als
ärztlicher Leiter einer Fachklinik für psychische Erkrankungen mit
spezialisierten Angeboten und der Vielzahl an Anmeldungen und Erfahrungen mit vielen
Betroffenen, denen nicht sofort ein Platz angeboten werden kann, muss ich
zuallererst konstatieren, dass offensichtlich ein hoher Bedarf seitens Betroffener
und auch der Ein- und Zuweiser an stationären Behandlungsplätzen in
einer Spezialklinik besteht.
Aspergillus niger pneumonia as superinfection in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Ewig Santiago , Gatermann Sören , Phillipou Stathis , Giesa Christian , Hecker Erich
Published: September 2023

We report a patient with severe cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis and Aspergillus niger superinfection, whose only comorbidity was untreated diabetes mellitus.

A. niger pneumonia was proven by PCR, sequencing and culture of pleural and respiratory secretions. The patient was successfully treated with a four-drug antituberculous regimen, liposomal amphotericin B (up to 5 mg/kg/d) and pleuro-pneumonectomy. Histology of the resected lung revealed destroyed lung tissue with inflammatory cells and fungal conidia. There were large deposits of polarising material, which was found to be calcium oxalate. There was also nodular caseating necrosis bordered by epitheloid cells and connective tissue. Thus, all diagnostic criteria for invasive A. niger infection were met.

Several local risk factors, such as extensive lung damage and tissue acidification, may have favoured superinfection by A. niger. This case highlights the diagnostic value of calcium oxalate crystals in lung tissue and the need for combined antimicrobial and surgical treatment in extensive invasive aspergillosis caused by A. niger.
Die Therapie von Tumorrezidiven bzw. Zweitkarzinomen in vorbehandeltem Gebiet ist nicht mit der Primärtherapie in nicht-vorbehandeltem Gewebe gleichzusetzen – eine Übersicht
Authors: Dietz Andreas , Wiegand S. , Bläker H. , Budach W.
Published: September 2023

Bei der Behandlung von lokalen bzw. lokoregionären Rezidiven, Zweitkarzinomen oder Residuen von Plattenepithelkarzinomen der Kopf-Hals-Region nach einer Primärtherapie ergeben sich unterschiedliche Ausgangsituationen. Bei der Mehrzahl der Patienten mit lokoregionären Rezidiven ist eine Vorbehandlung bestehend aus Operation und/oder postoperativer Radio- bzw. Radiochemotherapie oder eine primäre Radio- bzw. Radiochemotherapie erfolgt. In jedem Fall handelt es sich um ein erneutes Tumorwachstum in vorbehandeltem Gebiet, das in besonderer Weise für die Therapieentscheidung berücksichtigt werden muss. Die biologischen Hintergründe sind vielfältig und werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit näher beschrieben und klinisch eingeordnet.
Use of Locking Plates Fixed with Cortical Screws for Pelvic Fracture Repair in 20 Cats
Authors: Emilian Adrian Dumitru , Genoni Stefano , Morrison Shane , Whitelock Richard
Published: September 2023

Objective The aim of this study is to describe the use of String of Pearls (SOP) plates for the surgical management of feline pelvic fractures, including surgical technique, proposed indications, complications, and outcomes in a cohort of cats.

Study Design This study is a single-center retrospective clinical case series.

Methods Medical records (2015–2019) of cats presenting for pelvic fractures (n = 33) were reviewed. Type of fracture, preoperative and postoperative imaging, and complications were retrospectively retrieved. Owners were contacted via questionnaire for medium- and long-term follow-up.

Results A total of 20 cats met the inclusion criteria. Minor intraoperative complications were encountered in three patients. One patient suffered a major intraoperative complication. Five major complications were encountered postoperatively. These included two greater trochanter osteotomy fixation implant removal and three SOP plate removal. Full function was recovered in all patients according to the owners' assessment.

Clinical Significance The use of SOP plates in feline pelvic fractures appears to yield a consistently good outcome with a very low incidence of canal narrowing and screw loosening. SOP plates are easy to contour and to apply along the entire pelvic length.
Impact of Gap Years Following Medical School Graduation on Resident Research Productivity in Ophthalmology
Authors: Choudhry Hassaam S. , Patel Aman M. , Tailor Priya , Kumarapuram Siddhant , Patel Riya H. , Guttikonda Sri , Sriram Rithika , Swamy Ramya , Yousuf Salman , Kaleem Mona A.
Published: September 2023

Background Gap years following medical school graduation have become more common, but research into their tangible career benefit is lacking. Examining the impact of gap years on resident scholarly productivity in ophthalmology may provide insight generalizable to all specialties.

Objective To evaluate whether a gap year following medical school graduation significantly predicts scholarly productivity during ophthalmology residency.

Methods In December 2021, residents were recorded from 110 publicly available American ophthalmology residency program webpages. They were included if educational history was listed on publicly accessible academic and social media profiles. Residents were then stratified into gap year and nongap year cohorts. Publication data were recorded from Scopus and PubMed. Pearson's chi-square, independent sample t-tests, and multivariable regression were performed.

Results A total of 1,206 residents were analyzed, with 1,036 (85.9%) residents taking no gap year and 170 (14.1%) residents with at least one gap year. Gap year residents were predicted to have increase in the likelihoods of publishing at least one, two, or five total articles during residency, in addition to at least one article in a high-impact journal. There was no significant relationship between gap years and publications with senior authors affiliated with either the resident's medical school or residency program.

Conclusion Residents taking gap years following graduation may publish more during residency, but these publications are not associated with senior authors at their institutions. Future investigations should continue to evaluate the significance of gap years in medical education.
Sunlight-induced repair of photosystem II in moss Semibarbula orientalis under submergence stress
Authors: Bhatt Upma , Sharma Shubhangani , Kalaji Hazem M. , Strasser Reto J. , Chomontowski Chrystian , Soni Vineet
Published: September 2023

Lower plants such as bryophytes often encounter submergence stress, even in low precipitation conditions. Our study aimed to understand the mechanism of submergence tolerance to withstand this frequent stress in moss (Semibarbula orientalis) during the day and at night. These findings emphasise that light plays a crucial role in photoreactivation of PSII in S. orientalis, which indicates that light not only fuels photosynthesis but also aids in repairing the photosynthetic machinery in plants. Submergence negatively affects photosynthesis parameters such as specific and phenomenological fluxes, density of functional PSII reaction centres (RC/CS), photochemical and non-photochemical quenching (Kp and Kn), quantum yields (ϕP0, ϕE0, ϕD0), primary and secondary photochemistry, performance indices (PIcs and PIabs), etc. Excessive antenna size caused photoinhibition at the PSII acceptor side, reducing the plastoquinone pool through the formation of PSII triplets and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This ROS-induced protein and PSII damage triggered the initiation of the repair cycle in presence of sunlight, eventually leading to the resumption of PSII activity. However, ROS production was regulated by antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. The rapid recovery of RS/CS observed specifically under sunlight conditions emphasises the vital role of light in enabling the assembly of essential units, such as the D1 protein of PSII, during stress in S. orientalis. Overall, light is instrumental in restoring the photosynthetic potential in S. orientalis growing under submergence stress. Additionally, it was observed that plants subjected to submergence stress during daylight hours rapidly recover their photosynthetic performance. However, submergence stress during the night requires a comparatively longer period for the restoration of photosynthesis in the moss S. orientalis.
From Halley’s Comet to the Scout Kwapiszon
Authors: Wincencjusz-Patyna Anita
Published: September 2023

This chapter presents a historic review of the use of photomontage and photo-based collage in Polish books for children
(fiction and poetry) in the 20th century. The earliest example dates from 1934, whereas the latest one is dated 1981. The chapter
begins with an outline of the artistic background in the period 1918–1939, it gives a short typology of photo-based illustrations, and
then analyses the only known examples of genuine photomontage created for children’s books before World War II, namely works by
Aleksander Krzywobłocki and Jerzy Janisch in Kometa Halley’a (Halley’s Comet) by Alina Lan, and a sample of works by
Franciszka and Stefan Themerson. The chapter continues through the period of the so-called Polish School of Illustration
(1950s–1970s), paying special attention to Adam Kilian and Stanisław Zamecznik’s illustrations, and ends with a presentation of the
extensive and varied use of photography in illustrations by Bohdan Butenko, one of Poland’s most prominent illustrators.
Anticorrosive PEO coatings on metallic cast heat enhancers for thermal energy storage
Authors: Raźny Natalia , Dmitruk Anna , Naplocha Krzysztof
Published: September 2023

The research aims to determine whether a protective oxide coating obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) will prevent unfavourable changes occurring on the surface of aluminium heat enhancers for thermal energy storage (TES) based on phase change materials (PCMs). For domestic purposes (short-term, solar energy), salt hydrates are widely utilised as PCMs. Their low thermal conductivity makes the application of metal enhancers necessary to improve heat transfer in the unit. Due to the chemically aggressive nature of MgCl2·H2O, aluminium enhancers can be negatively affected during working cycles. PEO was proposed to overcome corrosion issues in the units. Cast samples, coated with PEO for a short time in KOH-Na2SiO3 electrolyte, were subjected to a molten MgCl2·H2O environment. Mass change and the surface were studied via SEM, EDS, and XRD measurements. A thin layer of aluminium oxide prevented castings from changes occurring on the surface of the enhancer.
Transformer oil quality assessment based on lens-free holographic microscopy
Authors: Xue Liang , Li Xinze , Peng Yue , Xu YuFei , Jiang Chao , Yang Chuankai
Published: September 2023

In order to avoid serious problems caused by excessive gas in transformer oil and to realize online monitoring of transformer oil, we propose a method based on lens-free holographic microscopy for transformer oil quality assessment. Using a lens-free device, we can obtain a hologram of the gas bubbles with a large field of view in transformer oil. After the reconstruction, the quantitative phase and shape information of the gas bubbles in the oil can be acquired, thus we can further calculate the parameter of the area, volume, amount, and gas to oil volume ratio of the gas bubbles in transformer oil, which can be used to evaluate the quality of transformer oil effectively. During the experiment, we measured the smallest diameter of the gas bubble in oil was 8 μm. The newly designed method provides a new solution for the assessment of transformer oil quality.
Dynamics of a simple third-order autonomous MLC circuit
Authors: Zhang Chaofan
Published: September 2023

This paper reports a new simple third-order memristive circuit only containing three elements of inductor, capacitor, and active generalized memristor, from which rich dynamical behaviors are generated. With a dimensionless system model, the performed analyses show that the proposed memristive circuit only has an unstable equilibrium point of saddle-focus-type. The antimonotonicity makes the system exhibits coexisting chaotic and periodic bubbling single-parameter bifurcation routes. Moreover, the quasiperiodic torus, various bursting and beat phenomena with chaotic and periodic oscillations are demonstrated by numerical simulations. The analog circuit implementations are further presented to show the phase portraits and time sequences of the generated attractors.
Tight lower bounds on the time it takes to generate a geometric phase
Authors: Hörnedal Niklas , Sönnerborn Ole
Published: September 2023

Geometric phase is a concept of central importance in virtually every branch of physics. In this paper, we show that the evolution time of a cyclically evolving quantum system is restricted by the system’s energy resources and the geometric phase acquired by the state. Specifically, we derive and examine three tight lower bounds on the time required to generate any prescribed Aharonov-Anandan geometric phase. The derivations are based on recent results on the geometric character of the Mandelstam-Tamm and Margolus-Levitin quantum speed limits.
Modelling the global photovoltaic potential on land and its sensitivity to climate change
Authors: Saxena Ankita , Brown Calum , Arneth Almut , Rounsevell Mark
Published: September 2023

Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy is fundamental for decarbonizing the global economy and supporting the renewable energy transitions that are needed to combat climate change. Potential solar power production at a given location is a function of climatic variables that will change over time and so climate change needs to be accounted for in PV potential estimation. The future potential of PV in response to climate change has not previously been assessed consistently and globally across alternative scenarios. We develop global gridded estimates of PV potential between 2020 and 2100 as a function of spatial, climatic, technological and infrastructural conditions. We find a global technical potential of 175 111 T W h yr−1 in 2050, which changes by between ca. −19% (high-emission scenario) and +16% (low-emission scenario), with larger geographic variations within these scenarios. We perform a sensitivity analysis to identify key uncertainties and assess the scope for emerging PV technologies to offset negative climate impacts. We find that suboptimal orientation and temperature losses have the largest negative effects (reducing PV potential by up to ca. 50% and ca. 10% respectively), but that new technologies may be able to generate gains of more than 200% if successfully deployed worldwide. Solar power can make an important contribution to energy production over the coming decades and the demand for renewable energy could be met by PV deployment on between 0.5% and 1% of the global land area, provided its deployment accounts for the location-specific impacts of climate change.
Pneumatic feed mechanism for accurate sowing of bare cotton seeds
Authors: Alimova F A , Saidova M T , Sh Primkulov B
Published: September 2023

The article considers the development of machines that improve sowing and increase the quality of technological operations when sowing cotton. The studies have been carried out for three years in the zone of sharply continental climate of the Republic of Uzbekistan on typical gray soils. The factors influencing the decrease in the efficiency of crop production for the Central Asian region are analyzed. The purpose of the use of clustered sowing of cotton with a given number of seeds in the cluster is substantiated. The results of research on the development of a pneumatic feed mechanism with optimal parameters for accurate sowing of bare cotton seeds in a clustered method for the soil and climatic conditions of Uzbekistan are presented. The physical and mechanical properties of bare cotton seeds of industrial grades C-6524 and “Sulton” were studied. An improved design of a pneumatic feed mechanism is proposed, including a sowing disc with suction cells, which are made in the form of a triangle with rounded tops and with a bridge inside. In this case, the bridge has a Y - shaped form, abuts with its ends against the sides of the triangle. At the same time, a technical result is achieved, it consists in creating the best conditions for a rational group arrangement and reliable suction of cotton seeds in the cells of the sowing disk, which improves the accuracy of their group sowing into the cluster and stable formation of maximum accuracy clusters in the furrow. The data on the economic efficiency of the use of a pneumatic planter equipped with exact feed mechanisms with substantiated parameters for sowing bare cotton seeds by the clustered method are presented.
Evaluation of the efficiency of thermal insulation of the combustion chamber according to the load characteristics of a diesel engine
Authors: Ismatov Jumaniyoz , Khakimov Jamshid , Kalauov Saydulla , Ismatov Abduxalil
Published: September 2023

Prospects for the development of diesel engine building are seen in a consistent increase in specific indicators due to forcing on the average effective pressure with a simultaneous decrease in the loss of fuel combustion heat, thermal insulation of the combustion chamber and the use of exhaust gas energy. All these measures are taken to bring the real thermodynamic cycle closer to the theoretical adiabatic cycle. This explains the appearance of the terms adiabatic, semiadiabatic, partially adiabatic, and even superadiabatic. The existing estimates of the effectiveness of thermal insulation of diesel combustion chambers in terms of the level of adiabatization of the thermodynamic cycle were based on qualitative rather than quantitative indicators, as a result of which the achieved effects were interpreted by various researchers ambiguously. The introduction of uniformity in the methods, indicators and quantitative criteria for evaluating the efficiency of using the heat of combustion of fuel in the working cycle of a diesel engine makes it possible to determine not only the achieved level, but also to predict the future development of the engine building industry, which confirms the relevance of the problem.
Efficiency of technical service of machinery and equipment of livestock production with the participation of manufacturing companies
Authors: Chepurin Aleksandr , Chepurina Ekaterina , Kushnareva Darya , Rybakin Dmitriy , Pupkova Darya
Published: September 2023

The paper presents the results of the assessment of the technical and economic efficiency of the rational organization of technical service of livestock machinery and equipment with the participation of manufacturers of equipment. The authors analyzed the labor intensity and structure of maintenance and repair work for groups of technological machines and equipment; the costs of downtime of technological machines and equipment of dairy farming for a standard-sized number of farms and complexes. Specific values of indicators depending on the number of cows are determined.
Parameters of the straw separator elevator
Authors: Maiviatov F M , Karimov R R , Gapparov Sh X , Tursunov Sh Ch , Musurmonov I E
Published: September 2023

The purpose of the research is to substantiate the parameters of the straw separator elevator. The scheme of the straw separator and its principle of operation are given. The proposed straw separator consists of elevators, a web, a shaker, a motion transmission mechanism, a sewing machine, a support and an electric motor. The results of experimental studies to determine the effect of the parameters of the straw separator on the friction composition of straw and its loss are presented. It is established that slope angles of the upper and lower blades of the elevators relative to the horizon are 360 and 560, respectively, the ratio of the slope angles of the elevators is 1.1, the ratio of the straw separator diameters is 0.74 and the number is 3, the sum of the lengths of the elevators is 2.75 m, and the frequency of the blade rotations is 400 m−1 should be.
Obtaining fine-dispersed cellulose from annual plants
Authors: Yurtaeva L V , Alashkevich Yu D , Marchenko R A , Yu Vasilyeva D , Tarazeev D S
Published: September 2023

Wood is not only of great economic importance as a building and finishing material, but is also one of the cheapest and most widely used raw materials for the industrial production of pulp. At present, it is the main source of raw materials as a starting material for the extraction of cellulose. The paper analyzes the negative consequences affecting the ecological situation in the world due to the increased demand for wood. An alternative source of raw materials to replace wood is considered. The possibility of obtaining fibrous and powdered cellulose from technical hemp is shown. The conditions for obtaining it are determined.
Resource-saving system of field husbandry mechanization
Authors: Yudina E M , Rinas N A , Serguntcov A S , Kalitko S A
Published: September 2023

The distinctive principles of the resource-saving mechanization system of field husbandry have been substantiated. The essence and peculiarity of each group have been revealed. New innovative processes in the field husbandry mechanization have been proposed. For the environmental conditions of the Kuban, a resource-saving mechanization system of field husbandry, which is based on a scientifically grounded farming system for the conditions of the Krasnodar Krai and a system of machines, synthesized by the authors for the integrated mechanization of field husbandry, has been proposed. In the proposed block diagrams of the distinctive principles in the mechanization system of field husbandry and its resource-saving composition, new approaches to the formation of crop cultivation technologies have been presented, using new effective agricultural practices, new machines for mechanized processes, both serial and original, built according to the developments of the authors. The originality of the authors’ developments is confirmed by many patents, as well as numerous publications in periodical press and defended candidate and doctoral dissertations. Based on production tests of imported and domestic agricultural machinery, advantages and disadvantages have been identified. The fundamental difference between the proposed mechanization system of field husbandry from the basic one, is facilitated by modern research methods. Based on the combination of technological operations, the innovative units have been proposed, improving the technology of field crop cultivation and contributing to the preservation of soil fertility, environmental compliance and reduction of all types of costs. An ordered range of technical means in the system has been proposed: all machines are interconnected in terms of technology and productivity, ensuring the production process stream-lining. The work has been performed in the Kuban SAU. The proposed mechanization system of field husbandry should provide a two-fold increase in labor productivity.
Cleaning of meliorative channels using various types of work equipment machines
Authors: Abdulmazhidov H A , Telovov N K , Shavazov K
Published: September 2023

The article describes zones with a predominant type of melioration depending on the territorial location of the land being improved. It provides a brief classification of channels based on their structural features, cross-sectional shape, flow capacity, and technical and operational characteristics. Channels are the main elements of meliorative systems. Ensuring the quality of channel operation with the required flow capacity guarantees the effective operation of the entire meliorative system. The typical deformations of channels that arise during operation are described, as well as factors that affect their flow capacity, such as sedimentation, siltation, and vegetation growth, including shrubs and small trees. Channel cleaning machines used for cleaning and restorative work on meliorative system channels are presented, along with their design features for cleaning channels of various types and cross-sections. Channel cleaners are described that operate as both periodic and continuous action machines, which most effectively and qualitatively clean the bottom and slopes of channels in various meliorative systems. The article also explains how the efficiency of channel cleaning and subsequent quality of the meliorative system can be increased by using different sets of channel cleaning machines, including various machines with different working tools, sizes, and quantities. The choice of the number of machines is directly related to technical and economic indicators: the use of a large number of machines may be economically impractical, while using a minimal number of machines will not provide the required cleaning. Therefore, it is important to choose the optimal number of machines of different sizes and shapes to form a separate set.
Model description and performance calculation of the cotton harvester with a changed direction of rotation of the spindles
Authors: Yuldashev A T , Kuldoshev D A , Djuraeva N B
Published: September 2023

In the field of modern agricultural production, increasing the productivity and quality of machine harvesting, including the completeness of cotton harvesting, clogging, seed damage, and reducing power consumption are important. In this regard, the article provides performance calculation and comparative analysis of serial and vertical-spindle cotton harvesters with epi- and hypo-cyclic spindle units. A mathematical model was developed, on the basis of which the productivity of a cotton harvester was determined depending on its speed and the completeness of the cotton harvest. Theoretical studies were conducted based on classical methods for modeling processes in a harvester using a modern MathCAD 15 computing software environment.
Stratigraphic, lithological and petrographic characteristics and oil and gas potential of the pre-Jurassic deposits of the Barsakelmessky trough and adjacent territories
Authors: Sharafutdinova Leyla , Jalilov Gofur , Togaev Isomiddin , Samiev Luqmon , Rakhimov K T , Apakhodjaeva T
Published: September 2023

The article discusses the lithological and petrographic properties of pre-Jurassic sedimentary rocks under the influence of the Barsakelmes pipe and the drilling of wells in the adjacent territories. The results of substantiating their age are also presented. In the section of pre-Jurassic deposits, 8 lithostratigraphic complexes have been identified.
The impact of the ecological orientation of entrepreneurs on sustainable development
Authors: Bespalyy Sergey
Published: September 2023

The article provides an overview of environmental entrepreneurship. The author proves that this growing field aims to create businesses that prioritize sustainability and reduce environmental impact. The article explores the drivers of green entrepreneurship, including concerns about climate change and growing demand for sustainable products and services, and highlights the economic benefits in this area. The article also highlights the importance of collaboration, partnership and technology in developing sustainable solutions, as well as the role of governments, investors and consumers in supporting green entrepreneurship. Overall, the article concludes that green entrepreneurship can create a more sustainable and prosperous future for all.
Prevalence of Hepatobiliary Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A GRADE Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of more than 1.7 Million Patients
Authors: Beheshti Maal Alireza , Shahrbaf Mohammad Amin , Sadri Bahareh , Hossein-Khannazer Nikoo , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Vosough Massoud
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims

Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] comprises an immune-mediated group of chronic gastrointestinal disorders. Patients with IBD may experience extraintestinal manifestations, such as hepatobiliary complications. This meta-analysis aims to assess the prevalence of different hepatic manifestations in IBD patients.

Methods

For this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched until July 20, 2022, by specifying keywords for IBD, hepatic manifestations, and study type. Full texts of cohort studies in English that examined the prevalence of different hepatic manifestations were included in this study. The primary outcome was the overall prevalence of hepatic manifestations in IBD patients. For the statistical analysis, a proportion by random effect model meta-analysis was performed. The registration number for the protocol of this study in PROSPERO is CRD42022369595.

Results

From the 4421 articles retrieved from the primary search, 118 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. After a pooled analysis of 1 729 128 patients, the overall prevalence of hepatic manifestations was 3.49% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.31–3.68%; I2: 99.55%). The pooled prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in 228 216 patients was 26.1% [95% CI: 22.1–30.2%; I2: 99.018%]. After pooled analysis of 9642 patients, the prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis was 1.67% [95% CI: 1.47–1.88%; I2: 99.10%]. The pooled prevalence of biliary stones was 4.1% [95% CI: 3.6–4.7%; I2: 97.43%]. Autoimmune hepatitis (0.51% [95% CI: 0.26–0.75%]; I2: 85.36%) and portal vein thrombosis (0.21% [95% CI: 0.08–0.33%]; I2: 97.95%) are considered as rare manifestations.

Conclusion

This study summarizes the prevalence and importance of different hepatic manifestations in IBD patients. These findings are crucial for the management of extraintestinal manifestations, especially hepatic manifestations, in IBD patients.
Scimitar syndrome with large atrial septal defect and a rare partial anomalous venous drainage in an adult: a case report
Authors: Samarawickrama Thisara , Wijesinghe Namal , Karunarathna Subash , Biyanwila Anjali
Published: September 2023

Background

Scimitar syndrome is a very rare congenital cardio-pulmonary disease with anomalous right pulmonary vein draining either partially or completely into the inferior vena cava. It is called Scimitar syndrome due to the classical appearance in the chest X-ray, which resembles the curved blade of Turkish sword ‘Scimitar’. It commonly associates with atrial septal defect (ASD), hypoplasia of the right lung, dextroposition of the heart, and pulmonary hypertension (PHT).

Case summary

A 67-year-old lady, diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and moderate PHT 3 years ago, presented with worsening bilateral ankle oedema and New York Heart Association class III shortness of breath. Chest X-ray showed the Scimitar appearance. The trans-thoracic and trans-oesophageal echocardiograms revealed a 46 mm ASD and a partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (PAPVD) of the right upper pulmonary vein (RUPV) into the right atrium at the junction of the atria. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the computed tomographic pulmonary angiogram confirmed Scimitar syndrome of the right lower pulmonary vein (RLPV). We managed her conservatively on her wish. After 13 months, she succumbed due to a massive stroke.

Discussion

We describe a very rare case of an elderly lady who has Scimitar syndrome with an ASD and evidence of PAPVD of the RUPV; thus, we intend to provide an antecedent for further cases, for prompt and accurate diagnosis and timely interventions in order to prevent life-threatening complications.