bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant invasion and naturalization are influenced by genome size, ecology and economic use globally
Authors: Guo Kun , Pyšek Petr , van Kleunen Mark , Kinlock Nicole L. , Lučanová Magdalena , Leitch Ilia J. , Pierce Simon , Dawson Wayne , Essl Franz , Kreft Holger , Lenzner Bernd , Pergl Jan , Weigelt Patrick , Guo Wen-Yong
Published: February 2024

Human factors and plant characteristics are important drivers of plant invasions, which threaten ecosystem integrity, biodiversity and human well-being. However, while previous studies often examined a limited number of factors or focused on a specific invasion stage (e.g., naturalization) for specific regions, a multi-factor and multi-stage analysis at the global scale is lacking. Here, we employ a multi-level framework to investigate the interplay between plant characteristics (genome size, Grime’s adaptive CSR-strategies and native range size) and economic use and how these factors collectively affect plant naturalization and invasion success worldwide. While our findings derived from structural equation models highlight the substantial contribution of human assistance in both the naturalization and spread of invasive plants, we also uncovered the pivotal role of species’ adaptive strategies among the factors studied, and the significantly varying influence of these factors across invasion stages. We further revealed that the effects of genome size on plant invasions were partially mediated by species adaptive strategies and native range size. Our study provides insights into the complex and dynamic process of plant invasions and identifies its key drivers worldwide.
Binding kinetics drive G protein subtype selectivity at the β1-adrenergic receptor
Authors: Jones Andrew J. Y. , Harman Thomas H. , Harris Matthew , Lewis Oliver E. , Ladds Graham , Nietlispach Daniel
Published: February 2024

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) bind to different G protein α-subtypes with varying degrees of selectivity. The mechanism by which GPCRs achieve this selectivity is still unclear. Using 13C methyl methionine and 19F NMR, we investigate the agonist-bound active state of β1AR and its ternary complexes with different G proteins in solution. We find the receptor in the ternary complexes adopts very similar conformations. In contrast, the full agonist-bound receptor active state assumes a conformation differing from previously characterised activation intermediates or from β1AR in ternary complexes. Assessing the kinetics of binding for the agonist-bound receptor with different G proteins, we find the increased affinity of β1AR for Gs results from its much faster association with the receptor. Consequently, we suggest a kinetic-driven selectivity gate between canonical and secondary coupling which arises from differential favourability of G protein binding to the agonist-bound receptor active state.
Sediment discharge from Greenland’s marine-terminating glaciers is linked with surface melt
Authors: Andresen Camilla S. , Karlsson Nanna B. , Straneo Fiammetta , Schmidt Sabine , Andersen Thorbjørn J. , Eidam Emily F. , Bjørk Anders A. , Dartiguemalle Nicolas , Dyke Laurence M. , Vermassen Flor , Gundel Ida E.
Published: February 2024

Sediment discharged from the Greenland Ice Sheet delivers nutrients to marine ecosystems around Greenland and shapes seafloor habitats. Current estimates of the total sediment flux are constrained by observations from land-terminating glaciers only. Addressing this gap, our study presents a budget derived from observations at 30 marine-margin locations. Analyzing sediment cores from nine glaciated fjords, we assess spatial deposition since 1950. A significant correlation is established between mass accumulation rates, normalized by surface runoff, and distance down-fjord. This enables calculating annual sediment flux at any fjord point based on nearby marine-terminating outlet glacier melt data. Findings reveal a total annual sediment flux of 1.324 + /− 0.79 Gt yr-1 over the period 2010-2020 from all marine-terminating glaciers to the fjords. These estimates are valuable for studies aiming to understand the basal ice sheet conditions and for studies predicting ecosystem changes in Greenland’s fjords and offshore areas as the ice sheet melts and sediment discharge increase.
Aggresome formation promotes ASK1/JNK signaling activation and stemness maintenance in ovarian cancer
Authors: Chen Yurou , Qiang Yulong , Fan Jiachen , Zheng Qian , Yan Leilei , Fan Guanlan , Song Xiaofei , Zhang Nan , Lv Qiongying , Xiong Jiaqiang , Wang Jingtao , Cao Jing , Liu Yanyan , Xiong Jie , Zhang Wei , Li Feng
Published: February 2024

Aggresomes are the product of misfolded protein aggregation, and the presence of aggresomes has been correlated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. However, the exact role of aggresomes in tumorigenesis and cancer progression remains largely unknown. Herein, the multiomics screening reveal that OTUD1 protein plays an important role in retaining ovarian cancer stem cell (OCSC) properties. Mechanistically, the elevated OTUD1 protein levels lead to the formation of OTUD1-based cytoplasmic aggresomes, which is mediated by a short peptide located in the intrinsically disordered OTUD1 N-terminal region. Furthermore, OTUD1-based aggresomes recruit ASK1 via protein-protein interactions, which in turn stabilize ASK1 in a deubiquitinase-independent manner and activate the downstream JNK signaling pathway for OCSC maintenance. Notably, the disruption of OTUD1-based aggresomes or treatment with ASK1/JNK inhibitors, including ibrutinib, an FDA-approved drug that was recently identified as an MKK7 inhibitor, effectively reduced OCSC stemness (OSCS) of OTUD1high ovarian cancer cells. In summary, our work suggests that aggresome formation in tumor cells could function as a signaling hub and that aggresome-based therapy has translational potential for patients with OTUD1high ovarian cancer.
HKDC1 promotes tumor immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma by coupling cytoskeleton to STAT1 activation and PD-L1 expression
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Mingjie , Ye Ling , Shen Shengqi , Zhang Yuxi , Qian Xiaoyu , Zhang Tong , Yuan Mengqiu , Ye Zijian , Cai Jin , Meng Xiang , Qiu Shiqiao , Liu Shengzhi , Liu Rui , Jia Weidong , Yang Xianzhu , Zhang Huafeng , Zhong Xiuying , Gao Ping
Published: February 2024

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has shown considerable promise for treating various malignancies, but only a subset of cancer patients benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy because of immune evasion and immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The mechanisms underlying how tumor cells regulate immune cell response remain largely unknown. Here we show that hexokinase domain component 1 (HKDC1) promotes tumor immune evasion in a CD8+ T cell-dependent manner by activating STAT1/PD-L1 in tumor cells. Mechanistically, HKDC1 binds to and presents cytosolic STAT1 to IFNGR1 on the plasma membrane following IFNγ-stimulation by associating with cytoskeleton protein ACTA2, resulting in STAT1 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. HKDC1 inhibition in combination with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 enhances in vivo T cell antitumor response in liver cancer models in male mice. Clinical sample analysis indicates a correlation among HKDC1 expression, STAT1 phosphorylation, and survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1). These findings reveal a role for HKDC1 in regulating immune evasion by coupling cytoskeleton with STAT1 activation, providing a potential combination strategy to enhance antitumor immune responses.
Rapid single-shot parity spin readout in a silicon double quantum dot with fidelity exceeding 99%
Authors: Takeda Kenta , Noiri Akito , Nakajima Takashi , Camenzind Leon C. , Kobayashi Takashi , Sammak Amir , Scappucci Giordano , Tarucha Seigo
Published: February 2024

Silicon-based spin qubits offer a potential pathway toward realizing a scalable quantum computer owing to their compatibility with semiconductor manufacturing technologies. Recent experiments in this system have demonstrated crucial technologies, including high-fidelity quantum gates and multiqubit operation. However, the realization of a fault-tolerant quantum computer requires a high-fidelity spin measurement faster than decoherence. To address this challenge, we characterize and optimize the initialization and measurement procedures using the parity-mode Pauli spin blockade technique. Here, we demonstrate a rapid (with a duration of a few μs) and accurate (with >99% fidelity) parity spin measurement in a silicon double quantum dot. These results represent a significant step forward toward implementing measurement-based quantum error correction in silicon.
Fin whale song characteristics and potential subpopulation identity in the New York Bight
Authors: King-Nolan Carissa D. , Rekdahl Melinda L. , Murray Anita , Strindberg Samantha , Baumgartner Mark F. , Rosenbaum Howard C.
Published: February 2024

Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) song can follow a highly consistent pattern, and regional differences in song patterns can be a valuable indicator of subpopulation identity and distribution. In the Northwest Atlantic, endangered fin whales are currently managed as a single stock despite previous identification of different regional song patterns, which indicates potential subpopulation structuring and vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbance if not managed accordingly. Here we document fin whale song in the New York Bight (NYB) from 2017 to 2020 using passive acoustic data to identify monthly and yearly trends in song patterns and to explore potential subpopulation structuring. The predominant song pattern observed was highly consistent with the pattern documented almost a decade prior in the NYB, with short inter-note intervals (INI) from fall–winter and long-INIs in the spring. However, in one song year the majority of songs were composed of long-INIs. This change in song pattern could be due to a shift in fin whale behavior or possibly multiple fin whale subpopulations using the NYB. Fin whales in the NYB may be particularly vulnerable to disturbance given the increasing anthropogenic pressures in this region, and further research into subpopulation structuring is needed to ensure adequate management of these endangered whales.
Rehabilitation effect of standing bed combined with early anti-gravity running table training on ankle fracture
Authors: Chen JiaWei , Wu TianYu , Liu Shuigen , Guo Ying
Published: February 2024

To explore the clinical effect of standing bed combined with early anti-gravity running table training in the healing and functional recovery of anterior rotation external rotation ankle fractures. Fifty-two patients with ankle fractures of degree III or degree IV of PER admitted to Pingle Orthopaedic and Traumatology Hospital of Shenzhen City between September 2021 and January 2023 were selected for observation, and they were divided into 26 cases in each group according to the method of randomised numerical table into the control group and the observation group. The patients in the control group started the routine rehabilitation treatment on the 1st day after operation, and in the 0–2 weeks after operation, the affected limb was elevated and ankle pump training was carried out; in the 3–6 weeks after operation, joint mobility training, strength training and soft tissue release were carried out; and in the 6–8 weeks after operation, weight-bearing training was increased. The observation group added standing bed training on the 7th postoperative day and anti-gravity running table training on the 28th postoperative day on the basis of the treatment protocol of the control group. Bone density, ankle mobility and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores, pain, ankle mobility and swelling evaluations were compared between the 2 groups before and after 8 weeks of treatment, and the quality scores of bone scabs were compared between the 2 groups after 4 weeks of treatment. There was no statistical significance in the comparison of the items between the two groups before treatment (all P > 0.05), and the difference in the bone scab quality score was not statistically significant after 4 weeks of treatment (P > 0.05), and after 8 weeks of treatment, the bone scab quality score, bone mineral density and AOFAS scores, pain, ankle mobility, and evaluations were higher than those of the control group (all P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the degree of swelling (P > 0.05). Standing bed combined with early anti-gravity running table training applied to postoperative patients with PER III or IV degree ankle fracture can reduce the degree of pain and improve the ankle joint function.
Amphetamine increases vascular permeability by modulating endothelial actin cytoskeleton and NO synthase via PAR-1 and VEGF-R
Authors: Böttner Julia , Fischer-Schaepmann Tina , Werner Sarah , Knauth Sarah , Jahnke Heinz-Georg , Thiele Holger , Büttner Petra
Published: February 2024

Abuse of amphetamine-type stimulants is linked to cardiovascular adverse effects like arrhythmias, accelerated atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndromes and sudden cardiac death. Excessive catecholamine release following amphetamine use causes vasoconstriction and vasospasms, over time leading to hypertension, endothelial dysfunction or even cardiotoxicity. However, immediate vascular pathomechanisms related to amphetamine exposure, especially endothelial function, remain incompletely understood and were analyzed in this study. Pharmaco-pathological effects of acute d-amphetamine-sulfate (DAM) were investigated ex vivo using contraction–force measurements of rat carotid artery rings and in vitro using label-free, real-time electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Specific receptor and target blocking was used to identify molecular targets and to characterize intracellular signaling. DAM induced vasodilation represented by 29.3±2.5% decrease in vascular tone (p<0.001) involving vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF-R) and protease activated receptor 1 (PAR-1). EIS revealed that DAM induces endothelial barrier disruption (−75.9±1.1% of initial cellular impedance, p<0.001) also involving VEGF-R and PAR-1. Further, in response to DAM, Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) mediated reversible contraction of actin cytoskeleton resulting in endothelial barrier disruption. Dephosphorylation of Serine1177 (−50.8±3.7%, p<0.001) and Threonine495 (−44.8±6.5%, p=0.0103) of the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) were also observed. Blocking of VEGF-R and PAR-1 restored baseline eNOS Threonine495 phosphorylation. DAM induced vasodilation, enhanced vascular permeability and actin cytoskeleton contraction and induced eNOS hypophosphorylation involving VEGF-R, PAR-1 and ROCK. These results may contribute to a better understanding of severe adverse cardiovascular effects in amphetamine abuse.
Modeling of electromagnetic propagation inside jet engine environment using statistical electromagnetic approach
Authors: Krishna A. , Abdelaziz A. F. , Khattab T.
Published: February 2024

In this paper, the distribution of the electromagnetic field inside a complex jet engine environment is analyzed using statistical electromagnetics. The jet engine environment is an extremely complex geometry and exhibits random behavior due to the presence of moving metallic parts. This renders traditional analytical and simulation modeling techniques highly inefficient. To address this issue, two different approaches are proposed to model the propagation characteristics of the jet engine environment. The first is an innovative dynamic system approach based on dynamic system simulation which is inspired by the analysis of mechanically stirred reverberation chambers. In the dynamic system simulation the dynamic system, which is characterized by the rotation of a distinct set of blades, is primarily studied through the simulation program. A dimension scaling method is also introduced along with the dynamic system simulation to solve the complex jet engine environment. In the second approach, a novel statistical excitation method is applied to develop an equivalent model for the dynamic jet engine system. The studied jet engine is considered as a static jet engine system without blade rotation (static blades), but with a random excitation.A small signal analysis method is used to integrate the static and dynamic system parameters to generate random excitation characteristics of the static system. The extracted electric field values from the dynamic jet engine simulation environment and the static system field values from the small signal analysis have been analyzed statistically to prove the statistical equality between the two systems. The numerical results of the static system model are presented and verified through comparison with finite element method simulation packages.
Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes using reduced graphene oxide (rGO)
Authors: Shabil Sha Mizaj , Anwar Hayarunnisa , Musthafa Farzana N. , Al-Lohedan Hamad , Alfarwati Sarya , Rajabathar Jothi Ramalingam , Khalid Alahmad Johaina , Cabibihan John-John , Karnan Muthusamy , Kumar Sadasivuni Kishor
Published: February 2024

Photocatalysts have developed into a successful strategy for degrading synthetic and organic toxins, such as chemicals and dyes, in wastewater. In this study, graphene oxide was reduced at different temperatures and used for degrading indigo carmine and neutral red dyes. The wide surface areas, strong adsorption sites, and oxygen functionalities of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) at 250 °C (rGO-250) produced more photocatalytic degradation efficiency and adsorption percentage. The catalyst dosage, initial dye concentration, solution pH and recyclability were all used to optimize the photocatalytic activity of rGO-250. This research presents a capable nano-adsorbent photocatalyst for the efficient degradation of organic dyes. GO and rGOs were also investigated for carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption properties. Results showed that rGO-250 has better CO2 adsorption properties than other rGOs. Overall, it was observed that rGO-250 has better photocatalytic and CO2 adsorption capabilities compared to graphene oxide reduced at different temperatures.
Sex differences in colonic gene expression and fecal microbiota composition in a mouse model of obesity-associated colorectal cancer
Authors: Chang Yoo-Mee , Kang Yoo-Ree , Lee Yu-Gyeong , Sung Mi-Kyung
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the sex-specific correlation between obesity and colorectal cancer emphasizing a more pronounced association in males. Estrogen, chromosomal genes, and gut bacteria were assessed in C57BL6/J male, female and ovariectomized (OVX) female mice, subjected to either a low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. Induction of colon tumor involved azoxymethane (10 mg/kg) administration, followed by three cycles of dextran sulfate sodium. Male mice on HFD exhibited higher final body weight and increased colon tumors compared to females. Colonic mucin 2 expression was significantly higher in females. HFD-modulated differentially expressed genes numbered 290 for males, 64 for females, and 137 for OVX females. Only one up-regulated gene (Gfra3) overlapped between females and OVX females, while two down-regulated genes (Thrsp and Gbp11) overlapped between males and OVX females. Genes up-regulated by HFD in males were linked to cytokine-cytokine interaction, HIF-1 signaling pathway, central carbon metabolism in cancer. Sex-specific changes in gut microbial composition in response to HFD were observed. These findings suggest a male-specific vulnerability to HFD-induced colon tumor formation, implicating key genes and colonic bacteria in colon tumorigenesis.
Low-force human–human hand interactions induce gait changes through sensorimotor engagement instead of direct mechanical effects
Authors: Wu Mengnan , Hackney Madeleine E. , Ting Lena H.
Published: February 2024

Physical human–robot interactions (pHRI) often provide mechanical force and power to aid walking without requiring voluntary effort from the human. Alternatively, principles of physical human–human interactions (pHHI) can inspire pHRI that aids walking by engaging human sensorimotor processes. We hypothesize that low-force pHHI can intuitively induce a person to alter their walking through haptic communication. In our experiment, an expert partner dancer influenced novice participants to alter step frequency solely through hand interactions. Without prior instruction, training, or knowledge of the expert’s goal, novices decreased step frequency 29% and increased step frequency 18% based on low forces (< 20 N) at the hand. Power transfer at the hands was 3–700 × smaller than what is necessary to propel locomotion, suggesting that hand interactions did not mechanically constrain the novice’s gait. Instead, the sign/direction of hand forces and power may communicate information about how to alter walking. Finally, the expert modulated her arm effective dynamics to match that of each novice, suggesting a bidirectional haptic communication strategy for pHRI that adapts to the human. Our results provide a framework for developing pHRI at the hand that may be applicable to assistive technology and physical rehabilitation, human-robot manufacturing, physical education, and recreation.
Cold atmospheric plasma stabilizes mismatch repair for effective, uniform treatment of diverse colorectal cancer cell types
Authors: He Yuanyuan , Lu Fu , Jiang Chenmin , Gong Fanwu , Wu Zhengwei , Ostrikov Kostya
Published: February 2024

Mismatch Repair (MMR) mechanisms play a pivotal role in rectifying DNA replication errors and maintaining the stability of DNA microsatellite structure. Colorectal cancer (CRC) can be characterized into microsatellite stability (MSS) and microsatellite instability (MSI) subtypes based on the functionality of MMR. MSI CRC notably exhibits enhanced chemotherapy resistance, attributable to diminished MMR-related protein expression. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has emerged as a promising treatment modality, demonstrating efficacy in inducing apoptosis in various cancer cells. However, the therapeutic impact of CAP on MSI colorectal cancer, and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the effects of CAP on MSI (MC38, HCT116, and LOVO) and MSS (CT26 and HT29) CRC cell lines. We are probing into the products of CAP treatment. Our findings indicate that CAP treatment induces comparable effects on apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), as well as the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in both MSI and MSS cells. Mechanistically, CAP treatment led to an elevation in the expression of mismatch repair proteins (MLH1 and MSH2), particularly in MSI cells, which notably have been proven to facilitate the activation of apoptosis-related proteins. Collectively, our study reveals that CAP enhances apoptotic signaling and induces apoptosis in MSI colorectal cancer cells by upregulating the expression of MMR-related proteins, thereby reinforcing MMR stabilization.
WiFi-based non-contact human presence detection technology
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wang Xuechun , Wen Jinghao , Zhu Xianxun
Published: February 2024

In the swiftly evolving landscape of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the demand for adaptive non-contact sensing has seen a considerable surge. Traditional human perception technologies, such as vision-based approaches, often grapple with problems including lack of sensor versatility and sub-optimal accuracy. To address these issues, this paper introduces a novel, non-contact method for human presence perception, relying on WiFi. This innovative approach involves a sequential process, beginning with the pre-processing of collected Channel State Information (CSI), followed by feature extraction, and finally, classification. By establishing signal models that correspond to varying states, this method enables the accurate perception and recognition of human presence. Remarkably, this technique exhibits a high level of precision, with sensing accuracy reaching up to 99$$\%$$
%
. The potential applications of this approach are extensive, proving to be particularly beneficial in contexts such as smart homes and healthcare, amongst various other everyday scenarios. This underscores the significant role this novel method could play in enhancing the sophistication and effectiveness of human presence detection and recognition systems in the IoT era.
Development and validation of a risk calculator for postoperative diplopia following orbital fracture repair in adults
Authors: Hassan Bashar , Hricz Nicholas , Er Seray , Yoon Joshua , Resnick Eric , Liang Fan , Yang Robin , Manson Paul N. , Grant Michael P.
Published: February 2024

Postoperative diplopia is the most common complication following orbital fracture repair (OFR). Existing evidence on its risk factors is based on single-institution studies and small sample sizes. Our study is the first multi-center study to develop and validate a risk calculator for the prediction of postoperative diplopia following OFR. We reviewed trauma patients who underwent OFR at two high-volume trauma centers (2015–2019). Excluded were patients < 18 years old and those with postoperative follow-up < 2 weeks. Our primary outcome was incidence/persistence of postoperative diplopia at ≥ 2 weeks. A risk model for the prediction of postoperative diplopia was derived using a development dataset (70% of population) and validated using a validation dataset (remaining 30%). The C-statistic and Hosmer–Lemeshow tests were used to assess the risk model accuracy. A total of n = 254 adults were analyzed. The factors that predicted postoperative diplopia were: age at injury, preoperative enophthalmos, fracture size/displacement, surgical timing, globe/soft tissue repair, and medial wall involvement. Our predictive model had excellent discrimination (C-statistic = 80.4%), calibration (P = 0.2), and validation (C-statistic = 80%). Our model rules out postoperative diplopia with a 100% sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) for a probability < 8.9%. Our predictive model rules out postoperative diplopia with an 87.9% sensitivity and a 95.8% NPV for a probability < 13.4%. We designed the first validated risk calculator that can be used as a powerful screening tool to rule out postoperative diplopia following OFR in adults.
Dynamic changes in the mouse hepatic lipidome following warm ischemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Liss Kim H. H. , Mousa Muhammad , Bucha Shria , Lutkewitte Andrew , Allegood Jeremy , Cowart L. Ashley , Finck Brian N.
Published: February 2024

Liver failure secondary to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become the most common cause for liver transplantation in many parts of the world. Moreover, the prevalence of MASLD not only increases the demand for liver transplantation, but also limits the supply of suitable donor organs because steatosis predisposes grafts to ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). There are currently no pharmacological interventions to limit hepatic IRI because the mechanisms by which steatosis leads to increased injury are unclear. To identify potential novel mediators of IRI, we used liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to assess temporal changes in the hepatic lipidome in steatotic and non-steatotic livers after warm IRI in mice. Our untargeted analyses revealed distinct differences between the steatotic and non-steatotic response to IRI and highlighted dynamic changes in lipid composition with marked changes in glycerophospholipids. These findings enhance our knowledge of the lipidomic changes that occur following IRI and provide a foundation for future mechanistic studies. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying such changes will lead to novel therapeutic strategies to combat IRI.
Diet-induced obesity reduces bone marrow T and B cells and promotes tumor progression in a transplantable Vk*MYC model of multiple myeloma
Authors: Nedal Tonje Marie Vikene , Moen Siv Helen , Roseth Ingrid Aass , Tryggestad Synne Stokke , Aass Kristin Roseth , Hov Gunhild Garmo , Hella Hanne , Sponaas Anne-Marit , Standal Therese
Published: February 2024

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing multiple myeloma (MM). The molecular mechanisms causing this association is complex and incompletely understood. Whether obesity affects bone marrow immune cell composition in multiple myeloma is not characterized. Here, we examined the effect of diet-induced obesity on bone marrow immune cell composition and tumor growth in a Vk*MYC (Vk12653) transplant model of multiple myeloma. We find that diet-induced obesity promoted tumor growth in the bone marrow and spleen and reduced the relative number of T and B cells in the bone marrow. Our results suggest that obesity may reduce MM immune surveillance and thus may contribute to increased risk of developing MM.
Revealing the pharmacological effects of Remodelin against osteosarcoma based on network pharmacology, acRIP-seq and experimental validation
Authors: Gao Jia , Xu Peili , Wang Feng , Zhang Wenjie , Min Meipeng , Urba Rafi , Fan Lei
Published: February 2024

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone. Remodelin, an inhibitor of the N (4)-Acetylcytidine (ac4C) acetylation modifying enzyme N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), has been shown to have therapeutic effects on cancer in several studies, and our previous studies have confirmed the inhibitory effect of Remodelin on OS cells, however, the mechanism of action has not yet been elucidated. We used network pharmacological analysis to quantify the therapeutic targets of Remodelin against OS. acRIP-seq and RNA-seq were performed to investigate the inhibitory activity of Remodelin on acetylation and its effect on the transcriptome after intervening in OS cells U2OS with Remodelin in vitro. Key target genes were deduced based on their pharmacological properties, combined with network pharmacology results and sequencing results. Finally, the deduced target genes were validated with vitro experiments. Network pharmacological analysis showed that 2291 OS-related target genes and 369 Remodelin-related target genes were obtained, and 116 overlapping genes were identified as Remodelin targets for OS treatment. Sequencing results showed that a total of 13,736 statistically significant ac4C modification peaks were detected by acRIP-seq, including 6938 hypoacetylation modifications and 6798 hyperacetylation modifications. A total of 2350 statistically significant mRNAs were detected by RNA-seq, of which 830 were up-regulated and 1520 were down-regulated. Association analyses identified a total of 382 genes that were Hypoacetylated-down, consistent with inhibition of mRNA acetylation and expression by Remodelin. Five genes, CASP3, ESR2, FGFR2, IGF1 and MAPK1, were identified as key therapeutic targets of Remodelin against OS. Finally, in vitro experiments, CCK-8 and qRT-PCR demonstrated that Remodelin indeed inhibited the proliferation of OS cells and reduced the expression of three genes: ESR2, IGF1, and MAPK1. In conclusion, ESR2, IGF1 and MAPK1 were identified as key therapeutic targets of Remodelin against OS. This reveals the target of Remodelin's pharmacological action on OS and provides new ideas for the treatment of OS.
Irradiance driven trophic plasticity in the coral Madracis pharensis from the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Goodbody-Gringley Gretchen , Martinez Stephane , Bellworthy Jessica , Chequer Alex , Nativ Hagai , Mass Tali
Published: February 2024

The distribution of symbiotic scleractinian corals is driven, in part, by light availability, as host energy demands are partially met through translocation of photosynthate. Physiological plasticity in response to environmental conditions, such as light, enables the expansion of resilient phenotypes in the face of changing environmental conditions. Here we compared the physiology, morphology, and taxonomy of the host and endosymbionts of individual Madracis pharensis corals exposed to dramatically different light conditions based on colony orientation on the surface of a shipwreck at 30 m depth in the Bay of Haifa, Israel. We found significant differences in symbiont species consortia, photophysiology, and stable isotopes, suggesting that these corals can adjust multiple aspects of host and symbiont physiology in response to light availability. These results highlight the potential of corals to switch to a predominantly heterotrophic diet when light availability and/or symbiont densities are too low to sustain sufficient photosynthesis, which may provide resilience for corals in the face of climate change.
Association between healthy beverage index and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the Ravansar noncommunicable disease cohort study
Authors: Sadafi Sepehr , Azizi Ali , Rezaeian Shahab , Pasdar Yahya
Published: February 2024

The quality of drinks affects the functioning of the liver. In recent decades, the variety of high-calorie and sweet drinks has increased. The objective of this study was to explore the association between Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among adults. We included 6,276 participants aged 35 to 65 from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study at baseline. NAFLD is defined based on the fatty liver index (FLI), calculated using anthropometric measurements and non-invasive markers. The HBI was developed using a combination of water, low-fat milk, 100% fruit juice, sugar-sweetened beverages, met fluid requirement and % energy from beverages. Logistic and linear regression models were employed to investigate the associations of the HBI and high FLI. The average FLI was significantly lower in the first tertile of HBI compared to the third tertile (47.83 vs. 45.77; P = 0.001). After adjusting for confounding variables, the odds of high FLI decreased by 28% (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63, 0.82) in the second tertile of HBI and by 21% in the third tertile (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.70, 0.91). There was no correlation between gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels with HBI. The study findings indicate an inverse association between high FLI and HBI. Therefore, it is recommended to consume healthy beverages and without added sugar. However, additional longitudinal studies are required to examine the association between beverage consumption and the development of NAFLD.
The six-minute step test can predict COPD exacerbations: a 36-month follow-up study
Authors: Santos-de-Araújo Aldair Darlan , da Luz Goulart Cássia , Marinho Renan Shida , Dourado Izadora Moraes , Mendes Renata Gonçalves , Roscani Meliza Goi , Bassi-Dibai Daniela , Phillips Shane A. , Arena Ross , Borghi-Silva Audrey
Published: February 2024

The six-minute step test (6MST) has been shown to be effective in assessing exercise capacity in individuals with COPD regardless of severity and, despite its easy execution, accessibility and validity, information on the prognostic power of this test remains uncertain. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the 6MST can predict the occurrence of exacerbations in patients with COPD. This is a prospective cohort study with a 36-month follow-up in patients with COPD. All patients completed a clinical assessment, followed by pulmonary function testing and a 6MST. The 6MST was performed on a 20 cm high step; heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, BORG dyspnea and fatigue were collected. Sixty-four patients were included in the study, the majority being elderly men. Performance on the 6MST demonstrated lower performance compared to normative values proposed in the literature, indicating a reduced functional capacity. Kaplan Meier analysis revealed that ≤ 59 steps climbed during the 6MST was a strong predictor of COPD exacerbation over a 36-month follow-up. We have identified a minimal threshold number of steps (≤ 59) obtained through the 6MST may be able predict the risk of exacerbations in patients with COPD.
Radical pair model for magnetic field effects on NMDA receptor activity
Authors: Nair Parvathy S. , Zadeh-Haghighi Hadi , Simon Christoph
Published: February 2024

The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor is a prominent player in brain development and functioning. Perturbations to its functioning through external stimuli like magnetic fields can potentially affect the brain in numerous ways. Various studies have shown that magnetic fields of varying strengths affect these receptors. We propose that the radical pair mechanism, a quantum mechanical process, could explain some of these field effects. Radicals of the form $$[\text{RO}^\cdot \text{Mg(H}_2\text{O})_n^{+\cdot }]$$

[

RO
·

Mg(H
2

O
)

n

+
·

]

, where R is a protein residue that can be Serine or Tyrosine, are considered for this study. The variation in the singlet fractional yield of the radical pairs, as a function of magnetic field strength, is calculated to understand how the magnetic field affects the products of the radical pair reactions. Based on the results, the radical pair mechanism is a likely candidate for explaining the magnetic field effects observed on the receptor activity. The model predicts changes in the behaviour of the system as magnetic field strength is varied and also predicts certain isotope effects. The results further suggest that similar effects on radical pairs could be a plausible explanation for various magnetic field effects within the brain.
Unexpected behavioural adaptation of yellow fever mosquitoes in response to high temperatures
Authors: Hug David O. H. , Kropf Alida , Amann Marine O. , Koella Jacob C. , Verhulst Niels O.
Published: February 2024

Temperature is a major ecological driver of mosquito-borne diseases as it influences the life-history of both the mosquito and the pathogen harboured within it. Understanding the mosquitoes’ thermal biology is essential to inform risk prediction models of such diseases. Mosquitoes can respond to temperatures by microhabitat selection through thermal preference. However, it has not yet been considered that mosquitoes are likely to adapt to changing temperatures, for example during climate change, and alter their preference over evolutionary time. We investigated this by rearing six cohorts of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti at two temperatures (24 °C, 30 °C) for 20 generations and used these cohorts to explicitly separate the effects of long-term evolution and within-generation acclimation on their thermal preferences in a thermal gradient of 20–35 °C. We found that warm-evolved mosquitoes spent 31.5% less time at high temperatures, which affects their efficiency as a vector. This study reveals the complex interplay of experimental evolution, rearing temperatures, and thermal preference in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. It highlights the significance of incorporating mosquito microhabitat selection in disease transmission models, especially in the context of climate change.
Economic tolerance design of the P2 raceway based on the quasi-static model of aerospace ball bearings
Authors: Chang Zhou , Hu Lai , Cao Wenhan
Published: February 2024

This study focused on designing the raceway tolerance of high-precision rolling bearings. After the tolerance error equivalence relationship is defined, the application of the rolling bearing error equalization effect in tolerance design is studied. First, a five-degree of freedom quasi-static model was established for angular contact ball bearings. The waviness was included in the manufacturing error, and the radial and axial runouts of the bearing inner ring were calculated. Second, the error homogenization effect of the rolling bearing was studied, and the error homogenization coefficient was defined. The results of the study demonstrated that the bearing rotary accuracy was higher than the raceway error by an order of magnitude. Third, the manufacturing error range of each precision grade of the rolling bearing raceway was obtained by investigating errors of the equalization coefficient. Finally, the specific value of the raceway tolerance of P2 rolling bearings was obtained.
Incidental finding of leukaemia in circulating tumour DNA— the importance of a molecular tumour board
Authors: Mencel Justin , Rayarel Neha , Proszek Paula , Carter Paul , Feber Andy , Popat Sanjay , McVeigh Terri P. , George Angela , Dunlop Alan , Hardy Katy , Chau Ian , Cunningham David , Kohoutova Darina , Lee Richard , Iyengar Sunil , Starling Naureen
Published: February 2024

As the use of liquid biopsies are increasing across multiple indications in cancer medicine, the detection of incidental findings on circulating tumour DNA is of increasing importance. We report the finding of leukaemia detected in a patient who underwent plasma-based circulating tumour DNA next generation screening as part of a screening liquid biopsy study. A BRAF V600E mutation detected was deemed pathogenic following discussion at a molecular tumour board, and recommendation of further investigations led to the diagnosis of an occult haematological malignancy. We report the importance of molecular tumour board discussion and recommendations in the identification of incidental, pathogenic findings on circulating tumour DNA.
A pragmatic perspective article: synergistic photocatalytic–photothermal effect with its practical applications and future prospects
Authors: Ding Mengna , Xu Xiaolin , Liu Kaiquan , Yu Shiwen , Lv Fujian , Miao Yingchun , Huo Yuning , Li Hexing
Published: February 2024

The synergistic photocatalytic–photothermal effect realizes more effective utilization of solar energy, which can be used in the fields of hydrogen generation, carbon dioxide reduction, sterilization and membrane separation.
The process of pollen transformation into bee bread: changes in bioactivity, bioaccessibility, and microbial dynamics
Authors: Degirmenci Atiye , Yildiz Oktay , Boyraci Gulsum Merve , Er Kemal Mehtap , Simsek Omer
Published: February 2024

Bee pollen and bee bread go hand in hand with health-promoting functional food consumption.
A cleaner strategy for efficient recovery of Sm2O3 and CoFeCu alloy from SmCo swarf based on an anodic leaching process
Authors: Xu Xuan , Gao Jun , Zhao Kunyuan , Sun Haifeng , Jing Peng , Liu Baocang , Zhang Jun
Published: February 2024

Anodic leaching of SmCo swarf using anode-generated H+ and anodization with simultaneous recovery of CoFeCu alloy.
Electrically tunable interlayer recombination and tunneling behavior in WSe2/MoS2 heterostructure for broadband photodetector
Authors: Tan Chao , Yang Zhihao , Wu Haijuan , Yang Yong , Yang Lei , Wang Zegao
Published: February 2024

A dual-gated WSe2/MoS2 phototransistor is fabricated and investigated. Its conduction and rectification characteristics can be tuned by dual gates showing p–i, p–n, i–n and n–n states, due to the charging and depletion of WSe2 and MoS2.
Intrinsically stretchable and efficient cross-linked small molecular emitter for flexible organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Sun Ning , An Xiang , Gong Jianye , Zheng Yingying , Bai Lubing , Gong Huaqiang , Zhang Yahui , Ni Mingjian , Zhuo Zhiqiang , Wei Chuanxin , Xu Man , Wang Jianguo , Han Yamin , Huang Wei , Lin Jinyi
Published: February 2024

Due to their rigid and plane conjugated skeletons, small molecular semiconductors always present irreversible brittle properties in the nano-film state, which is not conducive to deformation and operation stability in flexible optoelectronic devices.
Turn-on fluorescent nanoprobe for ATP detection based on DNA-templated silver nanoclusters
Authors: Li Yuxia , Meng Zeting , Liu Yating , Zhang Baozhu
Published: February 2024

A novel turn-on fluorescent nanoprobe was constructed based on the alteration of the aptamer conformation induced by target recognition and turn-on fluorescence due to alteration of its environment of DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs).
Highly sensitive amperometric sensors based on laccase-mimetic nanozymes for the detection of dopamine
Authors: Demkiv Olha , Nogala Wojciech , Stasyuk Nataliya , Klepach Halyna , Danysh Taras , Gonchar Mykhailo
Published: February 2024

Novel nanozymes possesses the ability to mimic laccase. New amperometric biosensor for determination of dopamine was constructed.
Single molecule technique unveils the role of electrostatic interactions in ssDNA–gp32 molecular complex stability
Authors: Schiopu Irina , Dragomir Isabela , Asandei Alina
Published: February 2024

A single-molecule electrophysiology assay was employed using an α-HL nanopore to test the stability of ssDNA and gp32 SSB–protein, in different salt conditions. Low salt and the presence of Zn2+ increases ssDNA–gp32 complex stability.
A flexible pH sensor based on polyaniline@oily polyurethane/polypropylene spunbonded nonwoven fabric
Authors: Zhu Xiangxiang , Sun Hui , Yu Bin , Xu Lei , Xiao Hao , Fu Zhuan , Gao Tian , Yang Xiaodong
Published: February 2024

Structure, mechanism, and application of a 3D PANI pH sensor in liquid and fruit pH value detection.
A comparative study of α-Ni(OH)2 and Ni nanoparticle supported ZIF-8@reduced graphene oxide-derived nitrogen doped carbon for electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation
Authors: Gamal Soliman , Kospa Doaa A. , Ibrahim Amr Awad , Ahmed Awad I. , Ouf A. M. A.
Published: February 2024

Ethanol electrooxidation is an important reaction for fuel cells, however, the major obstacle to ethanol electrocatalysis is the splitting of the carbon–carbon bond to CO2 at lower overpotentials.
Tunable internal structure carbon sphere synthesis driven by water-solubility and its application in gas separation
Authors: Yao Yaqi , Zhuo Hongying , Xu Jinming , Yang Xiaofeng , Huang Yanqiang
Published: February 2024

An increase in PPG content causes a transformation in the internal structure from “cheese-like” to “pomegranate-like”.
In situ polymerization of a melamine-based microsphere into 3D nickel foam for supercapacitors
Authors: Ibrahim Mervat , Wen Zhen , Sun Xuhui , Abdelhamid Hani Nasser
Published: February 2024

An in situ synthesis approach for directly growing microspheres of melamine-glutaraldehyde polymer onto 3D nickel foam. The simplifying electrode preparation eliminates the need for additional binders or conductive agents. NC/NF-400 exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance and capacitance.
Designing a green poly(β-amino ester) for the delivery of nicotinamide drugs with biological activities and conducting a DFT investigation
Authors: Hashem M. S. , Fahim Asmaa M. , Helaly F. M.
Published: February 2024

Poly(β-amino ester) was synthesized through addition polymerization under microwave irradiation, demonstrating antimicrobial and anticancer activities against MCF-7 tumor cells, along with an impressive ability to prevent drug leakage.
Ab initio-based determination of lanthanoid–radical exchange as visualised by inelastic neutron scattering
Authors: Dunstan Maja A. , Giansiracusa Marcus J. , Calvello Simone , Sorace Lorenzo , Krause-Heuer Anwen M. , Soncini Alessandro , Mole Richard A. , Boskovic Colette
Published: February 2024

Inelastic neutron scattering allows analysis of Er(iii)–semiquinonate exchange, indicating significant mixing and complex exchange-coupled states, in agreement with ab initio modelling.
DELFI: a computer oracle for recommending density functionals for excited states calculations
Authors: Avagliano Davide , Skreta Marta , Arellano-Rubach Sebastian , Aspuru-Guzik Alán
Published: February 2024

DELFI is a computer oracle developed to recommend the exchange-correlation functional to be used for a given molecule to calculate its excited states with time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT).
Catalytic reduction of oxygen to water by non-heme iron complexes: exploring the effect of the secondary coordination sphere proton exchanging site
Authors: Santra Aakash , Das Avijit , Kaur Simarjeet , Jain Priya , Ingole Pravin P. , Paria Sayantan
Published: February 2024

The study describes 4e−/4H+ reduction of oxygen to water by a non-heme iron complex containing a proton exchanging site at the secondary coordination sphere.