bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alienasi Penyandang Disabilitas di Kota Semarang pada Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2019
Authors: Astrika Lusia
Published: July 2021

Fulfillment of political rights for everyone in Indonesia is regulated in the 1945 Constitution without any exception, including persons with disabilities or disabilities. In the 2019 elections held in April, the involvement and participation of disabilities should also be taken into account to realize the implementation of a good democratic process so that there would be no misuse of ballots. The problem is that people with disabilities as a minority group often feel unnoticed, so they feel alienated, a human condition that is isolated and kept away from work and ultimately experiences separate or alienated conditions. Twining (1980) enriched the concept of alienation from the approach of social psychology that refers to Seeman's work, with five aspects offered to describe alienation, namely helplessness, insignificance, isolation, irregularity, and self-estrangement. As a concern for persons with disabilities in the city of Semarang to be able to expectedly find solutions, this qualitative study uses a descriptive exploratory type. Informants in this study were determined by purposive sampling technique. Of the five aspects of alienation, there were three aspects experienced by persons with disabilities as voters in the 2019 Elections, namely powerlessness, isolation, and self-alienation. Meanwhile, the two other aspects were not experienced by persons with disabilities as voters. Alienation most often occurs in persons with disabilities who are mentally disabled and physically disabled who are unable to be mobile / totally paralyzed. The government is expected to be able to provide electoral facilities for persons with disabilities to ensure their political rights are fulfilled.
Kepemimpinan dalam Islam
Authors: Amin Moh
Published: July 2021

Leadership is the main thing in human life. This article describes some leadership models in general. By referring to some literature, this article also tries to explore the leadership in Islam. Some of the bases can be seen in the Qur'an and Hadist prophet. With the library review study model, this article concludes on the importance of fair leadership as the basis of Islam.
Hanefîler Dışındaki Usûlcülere Göre İllete Yöneltilen Men’/Mümânaa İtirazı
Authors: HİRA Ayhan
Published: July 2021

İllet bahisleri, fıkıh usulü kaynaklarında kıyasla boy ölçüşebilecek hacimde ele alınması bakımından dikkati çekmektedir. Usul kaynaklarında illetle ilgili başlıklarda önce illetin mahiyeti, çeşitleri, şartları ve tespit yolları sonra da sayısı hakkında görüş birliğine varılamayan illete itirazlar konusu ele alınmıştır. Söz konusu itirazlardan biri de bu çalışmanın konusunu teşkil eden men’/mümânaadır. İtirazların en zayıfı sayılmakla birlikte, hakikatin ortaya çıkarılmasına diğerlerinden daha çok katkı sağladığı kabul edilen men’/mümânaa itirazı, kıyasın rükünlerine ilişkin birtakım şartların sağlanamamış olması tezine dayanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Hanefîler dışındaki usulcüler tarafından telif edilmiş temel fıkıh usulü kaynakları esas alınarak men’/mümânaa itirazının şekil ve muhteva bakımından karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenip değerlendirilmesidir.
Resíduos Orgânicos No Brasil: Métodos De Compostagem Para Pequenas Comunidades Rurais
Authors: Soares Vinícius Barão , Silva José Augusto Ferreira da
Published: July 2021

Considerado o método de reaproveitamento mais aplicável para a fração orgânica de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU), a compostagem – conversão biológica – atrai principalmente pelo baixo custo, portanto, o presente artigo discorre sobre a legislação referente aos resíduos sólidos no Brasil e os diferentes métodos de compostagem. O objetivo foi analisar os métodos de compostagem orgânica de baixo custo em zonas rurais como ferramenta de gestão de resíduos orgânicos para a geração de um composto orgânico estável e de qualidade para ser utilizado na agricultura. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura utilizando-se de estratégia bibliométrica no portal de Periódicos Capes, por meio de palavras-chave relacionadas ao tema. Constatou-se que, de fato, o método denominado aeração forçada se adapta melhor às possibilidades, tendo uma melhor decomposição de resíduos orgânico por meio da potencialização da ação de microorganismos ao longo do processo e recomenda-se que a propriedade rural identifique o melhor meio de utilizar e preservar, potencializando não só o desenvolvimento sustentável, como também o aumento da produtividade na propriedade.
Questões Controvertidas Sobre Conciliação E Mediação No Âmbito Das Serventias Notariais E De Registros
Authors: Melo Magaly Abreu De Andrade Palhares De , Caldas Camilo Onoda Luiz
Published: July 2021

A proposta de estudo surgiu como atividade da disciplina “Meios Consensuais de Composição de Conflitos e sua Contestação Judicial”, como requisito do Programa de Mestrado de Direito Empresarial realizado pela Escola Paulista de Direito (EPD). O objetivo do estudo foi o de analisar as contendas apresentadas pela efetuação da política que disciplina a inserção da conciliação e mediação através da regulamentação do artigo 42 da Lei de Mediação (Lei 13.140/2015) pelo Provimento 67 de 26 de março de 2018 do Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ) quanto à inserção desses métodos na esfera dos cartórios extrajudiciais. O trabalho examina os seguintes temas: a atuação, capacitação e a falta de uma política institucional uniforme, o rompimento do princípio da confidencialidade, a representação por procuração, a impossibilidade de requerimento de resolução de conflitos familiares, os reflexos da devida homologação judicial de acordos extrajudiciais, a necessidade de previsão legal para cobrança de valores e a falta de unificação de remuneração. Prossegue então, formulando propostas tendentes ao aperfeiçoamento da práxis, trazendo as conclusões pertinentes em termos de adequações para utilização da conciliação e mediação pelos cartórios extrajudiciais de uma forma mais eficaz e produtiva.
Análise Dos Principais Fatores De Risco Preexistentes Em Pacientes Diagnosticados Com A COVID-19 No Amapá, Amazônia, Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Arthur Aires de , Moreira Danilo José Silva , Pimentel Jhon Allyson Sena , Costa Pedro Henrique de Magalhães , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos , Araújo Maria Helena Mendonça de , Oliveira Euzébio de , Dendasck Carla Viana , Souza Keulle Oliveira da , Fecury Amanda Alves
Published: July 2021

A COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) é uma infecção causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, com primeiros casos notificados em dezembro de 2019 na cidade de Wuhan. Constatou-se que em pacientes com comorbidades, há maior risco de complicações e mortalidade em caso de infecção. A doença foi considerada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde em 2020 com uma emergência de saúde pública e, no Brasil, o Ministério da Saúde implementou medidas para monitoramento epidemiológico dos casos registrados nas diferentes unidades federativas do país. Dentre estas, o Amapá assume níveis elevados de incidência e mortalidade. Este estudo visa analisar os principais fatores de risco prévios constatados em pacientes com COVID-19 no Estado do Amapá. Para isso, utilizou-se dados secundários disponíveis no Painel Coronavirus Amapá, através de uma busca realizada no dia 22 de maio de 2020. Na plataforma, colheu-se dados sobre o número de pacientes diagnosticados com a COVID-19, assim como o número de óbitos em virtude da doença, com avaliação conjunta em cada tópico das comorbidades constatadas. Após agrupar esses dados em planilhas do Microsoft Excel, uma análise quantitativa e descritiva destes foi feita. No Estado, registrou-se um total de 28.927 pacientes diagnosticados com COVID-19, notificados até o dia da coleta. Cerca de 1,31% (378 casos) destes possuíam um fator de risco que poderiam suscetibilizá-los a desenvolver complicações decorrentes da COVID-19, sendo diabetes e doenças cardíacas crônicas as condições com maior número de registros. Ainda no Estado do Amapá, 420 óbitos em pacientes com COVID-19 foram constatados. Desse total, 75,71% (318 casos) possuíam fatores de risco prévios para maior risco de complicações devido à COVID-19, com hipertensão e diabetes sendo as condições predominantes. Com o estudo, percebeu-se no Amapá, que grande parte da população de pacientes diagnosticados com a doença e que faleceram apresentavam um histórico de fator de risco para a COVID-19. Em virtude da notificação de fatores de risco no quadro de óbito que não foram registrados no quadro de pacientes diagnosticados, assim como da inespecificidade inerente ao quadro dos pacientes monitorados pelos mecanismos sanitários do Estado, não foi possível realizar uma análise mais detalhada acerca do grau de complicação e taxa de letalidade gerados por determinado fator de risco e sua associação à infecção por coronavírus.
Editorial
Authors: Abdul Rahim Ezamin
Published: July 2021

On behalf of the editorial board of The Interventionalist Journal (TIJ), I would like to extend my deepest appreciation to the founder team, who had built the foundation of this journal.
The aim of The Interventionalist Journal is to provide and served as a platform for all clinicians who are doing minimally invasive procedures to share their findings, expertise, innovations and experiences at the regional and international significance. We envisaged being providing a high‑standard and evidence‑based platform for publishing high impact publications.
I am humbly inviting each of you to actively participate and contribute to The Interventionalist Journal as an author, reviewer, and reader.The Interventionalist Journal has a strong starting point and I am confident that, we can eventually venture into new heights.
 
Sincerely, Ezamin Abdul Rahim, MD, MMed RadEditor-in-Chief The Interventionalist Journal
Стоматологический статус пациента в остром периоде инфаркта миокарда
Authors: Анисимова Е.Н. , Филиппова М.П. , Садулаев А.Х. , Лабзенкова М.А.
Published: July 2021

Цель исследования. Разработка, оценка эффективности использования и внедрение протокола гигиены полости рта пациентам в остром периоде инфаркта миокарда.
Объекты и методы исследования. Было проведено стоматологическое обследование 97 пациентов в остром периоде инфаркта миокарда после проведенной реваскуляризации инфаркт-связанной артерии. Определялся индивидуальный уровень гигиены полости рта с расчетом индекса РХОС-М. Определение исходного стоматологического статуса показало, что индекс РХОС-М в каждой группе находился в диапазоне 38–40 баллов, что свидетельствует об очень высокой степени риска развития хронического орального сепсиса. Пациенты были разделены на три группы в зависимости от используемых средств гигиены. Со средним и младшим медперсоналом был проведен мастер-класс по использованию средств и методов ухода за полостью рта у пациентов в отделениях
реанимации.
Результаты исследования и их обсуждение. После разработки индивидуального плана гигиены полости рта выявлено значимое различие индекса PXOC-M до и после проведения индивидуальной гигиены полости рта во всех группах.
Заключение. Эффективность применения протокола ухода за полостью рта для пациентов в остром периоде инфаркта миокарда доказали необходимость его внедрения в кардиологическую практику как первую ступень в программе комплексной реабилитации пациентов с сердечно-сосудистой патологией.
Эндопериодонтальные поражения: новые сведения прогнозирования эндопериодонтита
Authors: Денисова Ю.Л. , Дедова Л.Н.
Published: July 2021

Анализ отдаленных результатов прогнозирования эндопериодонтита у пациентов с генерализованным периодонтитом свидетельствовал о необходимости коррекции ранее опубликованных данных.
Целью исследования являлось проведение сравнительного анализа прогностических критериев эндопериодонтита и обоснование целесообразности их использования в клинической практике врача-стоматолога.
Объекты и методы исследования. Проведены клинико-рентгенологические исследования у 73 пациентов с генерализованным простым и сложным периодонтитом в возрасте 18–65 лет и старше. Всем пациентам проводили определение и анализ прогностических признаков развития заболевания по средствам построения ранее разработанной, а также новой программой прогноза эндопериодонтита. В ранее разработанную программу «Прогноз эндопериодонтита» (2019) были дополнительно включены прогностические признаки развития заболевания. При проведении диагностических мероприятий пациентам новой программой прогноза эндопериодонтита был расширен ряд основных диагностических критериев. Оценивая состояние периодонтального кармана и учитывая особенности механизма его развития, оказалось целесообразным дополнительно, наряду с определением глубины, включить критерии его ширины, а также определить количество патологических зубодесневых карманов в области всех поверхностей обследованного зуба.
Результаты исследования и их обсуждение. Отдаленные результаты исследования клинического состояния тканей периодонта через 24 месяца показали у 97% пациентов хорошие результаты лечения, что указывает на целесообразность использования новой программы прогноза эндопериодонтита с мониторингом его использования каждые 2 месяца. Следует отметить, что превентивная диагностика и расширенное прогнозирование факторов риска дает возможность стабилизировать патологический процесс в тканях периодонта пациентов.
Заключение. Уточнены и дополнены прогностические критерии развития эндопериодонтита у пациентов с болезнями периодонта. Предложена новая программа анализа прогностических признаков на основании расширенных прогностических признаков для обоснования применения комплексных лечебно-профилактических мероприятий. Разработан новый валидный метод прогнозирования вероятности развития эндопериодонтита у пациентов с болезнями периодонта на основании регрессионного анализа прогностических критериев, который дает возможность выбрать необходимые лечебно-диагностические мероприятия и частоту динамического наблюдения с постоянным мониторингом прогностических критериев. Это позволило наглядно информировать пациента об уровне риска развития болезней периодонта, проводить постоянный мониторинг прогностических признаков, что повысило эффективность лечения на 30% по сравнению с ранее разработанной программой.
UNIVERSITY MANAGEMENT: A FEW PROBLEMATIC THINGS
Authors: Lamanauskas Vincentas
Published: July 2021

University activity and effective functioning is the object of constant discussions. This is taking place in all countries, having university education sector. It is understandable, that the context of every country is different, having individual traits and peculiarities. Lithuania is not an exception. The country’s higher education system experiences serious challenges, which are caused both by local socioeconomic changes and international global matters. Labour market dynamism and the changing society require flexible, innovative and creative lifelong learning possibilities. Higher education institutions do not limit themselves with basic specialist preparation, but search possibilities for the specialists and professionals to improve, change their specializations, train their personal abilities and develop high level professional competencies. Thus, continuing teaching (studies) at universities becomes more and more urgent.
A CASE STUDY IN THE EFFECTIVE USE AND QUANTITATIVE VALIDATION OF PERFORMANCE ADVISERS
Authors: Thomas Margo , Bedford Denise A. D.
Published: July 2021

In 2011, a large organization, with a global mission and traditional structure set out to realign its mission in the context of the rapidly evolving global economy. This created space for a division within the institution to embark on an innovative change agenda with a renewed focus on talent management as an integral part of the change. The essential element of the talent management innovation related to performance evaluation and feedback with the goal of improving performance and results by providing richer feedback to staff. This novel approach involved leveraging the knowledge of neutral, third party Performance Advisers (PA) who gathered, reviewed and synthesized information about performance for the purpose of coaching evaluees. Based on follow-up surveys and focus groups, the pilot was broadly considered a success by most participants. A second evaluation approach was applied to assess the richness of the feedback, and to determine whether the coaching experiment produced objective, quantifiable, and verifiable changes in feedback from one performance cycle to the next. The second evaluation leveraged semantic analysis profiles and technologies. The results demonstrate observable and verifiable improvements in the feedback. This research provides important lessons for large, diverse organizations seeking to make changes in traditional performance management systems. Key words: performance evaluation, performance feedback, performance practices, semantic analysis methods, semantic technologies, strategic talent management.
THE EVOLUTION AND THE NEW FRONTIERS OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ACCOUNTING
Authors: Wildowicz-Giegiel Anna
Published: July 2021

It is required currently from enterpeneurs to run their business according to the principles of sustainable development. As a result the rapid growth for corporate social responsibility among business owners is commonly observed. They started noticing that being socially responsible can help improve financial results and competitiveness. In order to achieve these goals company involving in corporate social responsibility should disclose accurately and credibly information on the social and environmental effects to both external and internal stakeholders.
The research was aimed at indicating the limitations of traditional accounting and the benefits of integrated reporting. The research problem concerns the informative gap between data being reported in traditional financial reports and stakeholders’ requirements which appears as a consequence of existing accounting procedures and traditional financial reporting frameworks. According to hypothesis adopted in this paper integrated reporting helps diminish the information gap. On the basis of the conducted analysis it has to be said that, integrated reporting as a communication tool enables the company to build social trust and serve as a differentiator in a competitive environment. That is the reason why, despite the lack of a globally accepted integrated reporting framework, companies are more prone to prepare reports voluntarily.
Key words: corporate social responsibility, social responsibility accounting, intangibles, integrated reporting.
Biochar Production from Waste Biomass using Modular Pyrolyzer for Soil Amendment
Authors: Sakib KM Nazmus , Ahmed SM Nafiz , Mubdee Abdullahil , Kirtania Kawnish
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, researchers have found many applications of biochar due to its large surface area, ion and water holding capacity, sheltering possibility for microbes beneficial for the plants’ nutrition intake, carbon sequestration etc. Among several waste biomass feedstock, agricultural waste is a suitable source of biomass for the biochar production. So, in this study, a low cost, modular technology was proposed that can be used at the consumer end to produce biochar of satisfactory quality. In this technology, no separate inert gas feed was required, thereby lowering the cost and complexity of the system. The reactor was designed in a way that most of the oxygen got consumed at the beginning of the process and the residual nitrogen from air maintained a pseudo-inert environment. As potential feedstock for biochar, rice husk and wood chips were considered in this study. Also, to evaluate the quality of produced biochar, proximate analysis and calorific value were measured. The char yields were found to be between 20 to 40%. For rice husk (powdered and granular) and wood chips, the volatile content (%) were 15.88, 19.69 and 25.47 respectively meaning most of the volatiles were released during devolatilization. It was found that biochar can be produced from agricultural waste using this method by farmers in the field without any additional equipment, and the pyrolyzer is modular and portable. Finally, the biochar could be used for soil replenishment. Further work is ongoing on the char characterization to realize the full potential of biochar production from waste biomass.

Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 21(2020) 14-19
Amenazas sobre los paisajes y actividades salineras del suroeste español por el cambio climático
Authors: De la Fuente Antonio Fajardo
Published: July 2021

La existencia de una extensa  área esteparia en la provincia de  Sevilla dio  lugar  a la presencia de un paisaje cultural  poco  estudiado  ligado al aprovechamiento de la sal con  multiples manifestaciones. La desecación   de las principales lagunas y el abandono de las salinas en la segunda mitad del siglo XX lo ha alterado sensiblemente. La valorización de los humedales ha supuesto en las dos últimas décadas un cambio de tendencia que se ve  muy afectada, sin embargo, por el cambio climático  y  por la afección de los acuiferos que nutren a los humedales  y  a las fuentes  y manantiales que son vitales para la supervivencia de la actividad salinera.
MİLLETLERARASI ÇOCUK KAÇIRMANIN HUKUKİ YÖNLERİNE DAİR LAHEY SÖZLEŞMESİ’NİN 13/1-B MADDESİ BAĞLAMINDA COVID-19 PANDEMİSİNİN ÇOCUĞUN MUTAD MESKENİNE İADESİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: AYHAN İZMİRLİ Lale
Published: July 2021

Hayatın her alanını etkileyen Covid-19, Milletlerarası Çocuk Kaçırmanın Hukuki Yönlerine Dair Lahey Sözleşmesi’nin uygulanmasını da kaçınılmaz olarak etkilemiştir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, pandeminin, Sözleşme’nin 13/1-b kapsamında iade taleplerinin değerlendirilmesine etkisini ve pandemi sürecinde bu değerlendirmede dikkate alınması gereken hususları tespit etmektir.

Bu doğrultuda çalışmada ilk olarak 1980 tarihli Çocuk Kaçırmanın Hukuki Yönlerine Dair Lahey Sözleşmesi’nin amacı ve uygulama alanı, Covid-19’un sözleşmenin uygulanmasına etkisi ve Lahey Konferansı’nın pandemi sürecinde Sözleşmenin uygulanmasına ilişkin olarak hazırladığı kılavuz hakkında genel hatlarıyla bilgi verilecek, akabinde Sözleşme kapsamında çocuğun mutad meskeninin tespiti ve çocuğun mutad meskenine iadesinin reddini gerektiren sebeplerle ilgili genel bilgi verilecektir. Nihayetinde pandemi sürecinde iade talebinin reddine gerekçe olabilecek durumlar değerlendirilecektir.

Sözleşmede kapsamında iade talebinin reddini gerektiren hallerden birisi, Sözleşmenin 13/1-b maddesinde yer alan, mutad meskenine iadesi halinde çocuğun fiziki, psikolojik veya müsamaha edilemeyecek başka türden bir zarara uğraması riskinin bulunmasıdır. Çalışmada esasen ilgili madde bağlamında Covid-19’a bağlı olarak iade talebinin reddine neden olabilecek hususlar değerlendirilecektir. Bu bağlamda mahkemelerin pandemi sürecinde verdikleri kararlar incelenerek, Covid-19 ile bağlantılı olarak iadeden kaçınılmasını gerektirebilecek durumlar ele alınacaktır. Çalışma kapsamında incelediğimiz hususların çoğu, mahkemelerce verilen kararlarda değerlendirilmemiş olunsa da, içinde bulunduğumuz süreçte çocuğun mutad meskenine iadesine ilişkin talepler değerlendirilirken milletlerarası seyahatin getirdiği riskler, çocuğun iade edileceği devletin sağlık sistemi, çocuğun iade edileceği ülkede birlikte kalacağı ebeveynin mesleği ve pandemi sürecindeki çalışma şartları, Covid-19’a bağlı olarak ortaya çıkabilecek psikolojik riskler ve başka türlü ortaya çıkan müsamaha edilemeyecek durumlar ve benzerlerinin dikkate alınması gerekmektedir. Zira Sözleşmenin amacı çocuğun mutad meskenine iade olmakla birlikte, temel amaç çocuğun üstün menfaatinin korunması olduğundan, bu amacın gerçekleştirilmesi, ancak somut olaydaki tüm olguların değerlendirilmesiyle mümkün olabilecektir.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Immune-Oncology Targets and Immune Infiltrates of N6-Methyladenosine-Related Long Noncoding RNA Regulators in Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqiang , Shen Li , Cai Ruyu , Yu Xiafei , Yang Junzhe , Wu Xian , Zhu Yanhui , Liu Xiaoan
Published: July 2021

Breast cancer (BRCA) has become the highest incidence of cancer due to its heterogeneity. To predict the prognosis of BRCA patients, sensitive biomarkers deserve intensive investigation. Herein, we explored the role of N6-methyladenosine-related long non-coding RNAs (m6A-related lncRNAs) as prognostic biomarkers in BRCA patients acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; n = 1,089) dataset and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data (n = 196). Pearson’s correlation analysis, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression were performed to select m6A-related lncRNAs associated with prognosis. Twelve lncRNAs were identified to construct an m6A-related lncRNA prognostic signature (m6A-LPS) in TCGA training (n = 545) and validation (n = 544) cohorts. Based on the 12 lncRNAs, risk scores were calculated. Then, patients were classified into low- and high-risk groups according to the median value of risk scores. Distinct immune cell infiltration was observed between the two groups. Patients with low-risk score had higher immune score and upregulated expressions of four immune-oncology targets (CTLA4, PDCD1, CD274, and CD19) than patients with high-risk score. On the contrary, the high-risk group was more correlated with overall gene mutations, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. In addition, the stratification analysis verified the ability of m6A-LPS to predict prognosis. Moreover, a nomogram (based on risk score, age, gender, stage, PAM50, T, M, and N stage) was established to evaluate the overall survival (OS) of BRCA patients. Thus, m6A-LPS could serve as a sensitive biomarker in predicting the prognosis of BRCA patients and could exert positive influence in personalized immunotherapy.
Transcription-Based Multidimensional Regulation of Fatty Acid Metabolism by HIF1α in Renal Tubules
Authors: Li Wenju , Duan Aiping , Xing Yuexian , Xu Li , Yang Jingping
Published: July 2021

Lipid metabolism plays a basic role in renal physiology, especially in tubules. Hypoxia and hypoxia-induced factor (HIF) activation are common in renal diseases; however, the relationship between HIF and tubular lipid metabolism is poorly understood. Using prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor roxadustat (FG-4592), we verified and further explored the relationship between sustained HIF1α activation and lipid accumulation in cultured tubular cells. A transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis revealed that HIF1α directly regulates the expression of a number of genes possibly affecting lipid metabolism, including those associated with mitochondrial function. HIF1α activation suppressed fatty acid (FA) mobilization from lipid droplets (LDs) and extracellular FA uptake. Moreover, HIF1α decreased FA oxidation and ATP production. A lipidomics analysis showed that FG-4592 caused strong triglyceride (TG) accumulation and increased some types of phospholipids with polyunsaturated fatty acyl (PUFA) chains, as well as several proinflammatory lipids. Nevertheless, the overall FA level was maintained. Thus, our study indicated that HIF1α reduced the FA supply and utilization and reconstructed the composition of lipids in tubules, which is likely a part of hypoxic adaptation but could also be involved in pathological processes in the kidney.
microRNA Prognostic Signature for Postoperative Success of Metastatic Orthopedic Cancers: Implications for Precision Microsurgery
Authors: Xu Shi-Bao , Fan Rong-Hao , Qin Xiao , Han Rui-Ming
Published: July 2021

The importance of miRNA prognostic signature in cancer, particular cancer metastasis is increasingly being realized. Bone metastasis from several primary human cancers can be managed in clinics by surgical intervention but the prognostic impact of miRNA signature on post-surgery outcome of patients is unknown. This study evaluated a miRNA signature for post-operative outcome of patients with bone metastatic disease. First, the miRNAs, miR-135, miR-203, miR-10b, miR-194, miR-886, and miR-124 were evaluated in bone metastatic tissues, relative to adjacent control tissue. The cohorts of samples (n = 44) consisted of bone metastatic cancer patients with primary lung (n = 18) or breast cancer (n = 26). miR-203 was significantly down-regulated while miR-10b was significantly up-regulated in bone metastasis. Additionally, miR-135 was significantly differentially expressed in the primary lung cancer patients while miR-194 in primary breast cancer patients. The low miR-203- high miR-10b expression was designated high risk group and, compared to the low risk group (high miR-203-low miR-10b expression). Patients with the signature high risk fared significantly better with surgical intervention, in terms of survival at 12 months time point (40% survival with surgery vs. 10% survival without surgery), as revealed by retrospective analysis of patient data. This work reveals potential utilization of miRNA expression levels in not only the general prognosis of cancer metastasis but also the prognosis of surgical intervention with implication for better stratification of patients.
Advancing Relevance, Credibility, Legitimacy, and Effectiveness as a Heuristic for Local-Parallel Scenarios
Authors: Cradock-Henry Nicholas A. , Frame Bob
Published: July 2021

The parallel scenario process provides a framework for developing plausible scenarios of future conditions. Combining greenhouse gas emissions, social and economic trends, and policy responses, it enables researchers and policy makers to consider global-scale interactions, impacts and implications of climate change. Increasingly, researchers are developing extended scenarios, based on this framework, and incorporating them into adaptation planning and decision-making processes at the local level. To enable the identification of possible impacts and assess vulnerability, these local-parallel scenarios must successfully accommodate diverse knowledge systems, multiple values, and competing priorities including both “top down” modeling and “bottom-up” participatory processes. They must link across scales, to account for the ways in which global changes affect and influence decision-making in local places. Due to the growing use of scenarios, there is value in assessing these developments using criteria or, more specifically, heuristics that may be implicitly acknowledged rather than formally monitored and evaluated. In this Perspective, we reflect on various contributions regarding the value of heuristics and propose the adoption of current definitions for Relevance, Credibility, and Legitimacy for guiding local scenario development as the most useful as well as using Effectiveness for evaluation purposes. We summarize the internal trade-offs (personal time, clarity-complexity, speed-quality, push-pull) and the external stressors (equity and the role of science in society) that influence the extent to which heuristics are used as “rules of thumb,” rather than formal assessment. These heuristics may help refine the process of extending the parallel scenario framework to the local and enable cross-case comparisons.
Can Hydrocarbon Extraction From the Crust Enhance or Inhibit Seismicity in Tectonically Active Regions? A Statistical Study in Italy
Authors: Garcia Alexander , Faenza Licia , Morelli Andrea , Antoncecchi Ilaria
Published: July 2021

A number of oil- and gas-producing leases have been operating in Italy in the last decades, many of which are located in the surroundings of tectonically active regions. Identifying human-induced seismicity in areas with high levels of natural seismicity is a difficult task for which virtually any result can be a source of controversy. We implemented a large-scale analysis aiming at tracking significant departures of background seismicity from a stationary behavior around active oil and gas development leases in Italy. We analyzed seismicity rates before and after hydrocarbon peak production in six oil-producing and 43 gas-producing leases, and evaluate the significance of possible seismicity rate changes. In a considerable number of cases seismicity rate results stationary. None of the observed cases of seismicity rate increase after the peak production is statistically significant (at as.l.= 0.05). Conversely, considering cases of seismicity rate decrease after peak production, our results suggest that the seismicity rate reduction is statistically significant (s.l.= 0.05) around one oil-producing lease (Val d’Agri, Basilicata) and around a cluster of gas-producing leases in Sicily. Our results put in evidence correlated changes between the rates of shallow seismicity and hydrocarbon production in these areas, which are then identified as hotspots requiring more detailed research; assessing actual causal relationships between these processes will require further physically-based modelling. If a physical causative link between these processes exists, then the observed seismicity rate reduction could either be due to increased seismicity during the progressive increase in production before reaching its maximum, or to an actual seismicity rate reduction after that peak. Considering that there is evidence of seismicity occurring before the start of hydrocarbon production, which contrasts with the evident reduction of events observed after the peak production, we think it likely that the seismicity inhibition is a plausible hypothesis. Using a simple model we also calculate Coulomb stress changes in planes optimally oriented for failure, and we show that under some conditions the inhibition of seismicity is feasible in at least one of these cases. We conclude that more efforts to study the mechanisms and the possible consequences of anthropogenically-driven seismicity inhibition are required.
Patterns of Teachers’ Occupational Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Relations to Experiences of Exhaustion, Recovery, and Interactional Styles of Teaching
Authors: Pöysä Sanni , Pakarinen Eija , Lerkkanen Marja-Kristiina
Published: July 2021

This study examined profiles of teachers’ occupational well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were collected from 279 Finnish primary school teachers during the spring of 2020. Four groups of teachers were identified by using Latent Profile Analysis: 1) teachers with mediocre stress and work engagement (34.4%); 2) teachers with mediocre stress and lowest work engagement (11.5%); 3) teachers with highest stress and work engagement (26.5%); and 4) teachers with lowest stress and highest work engagement (27.6%). The findings indicated that teachers’ occupational well-being was individually constructed, and there was a diversity with ways how negative and positive aspects of occupational well-being were drawn into patterns. The profile groups were further analyzed with respect to teachers’ experiences of emotional exhaustion, recovery from work, and interactional styles of teaching. The results revealed that during the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic many teachers experienced occupational stress as well as some increase in stress due to the pandemic. In addition, the findings provided new insights concerning how teachers’ work engagement was perhaps not severely affected during the first few months of the pandemic, and on how different teaching styles were associated specifically with different aspects of occupational well-being.
Analysis of Mutation Spectra of 28 Pathogenic Genes Associated With Congenital Hypothyroidism in the Chinese Han Population
Authors: Huang Miao , Lu Xiyan , Dong Guoqing , Li Jianxu , Chen Chengcong , Yu Qiuxia , Li Mingzhu , Su Yueyue
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common neonatal endocrine disease; its early detection ensures successful treatment and prevents complications. However, its molecular etiology remains unclear.

Methods

We used second-generation sequencing to detect 28 pathogenic genes in 15 Chinese Han patients with CH in Shenzhen, China, and analyzed the genetic pattern of the pathogenic genes through their pedigrees. The pathogenicity assessment of gene mutations was performed based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) classification guidelines, inheritance models, and published evidence.

Results

Mutations in several target genes were identified in 14 of 15 patients (93.33%); these mutations were distributed in eight genes (DUOX2, DUOXA2, TPO, TG, TSHR, FOXE1, KDM6A, and POU1F1). DUOX2 exhibited the highest mutation frequency (44%, 11/25), followed by TPO (16%, 4/25) and TG (16%, 4/25). DUOX2 exhibited the highest biallelic mutation (7/15). Eight out of 25 variants verified by the ACMG guidelines were classified as pathogenic (P, category 1) or possibly pathogenic (LP, Type 2), namely six variants of DUOX2, and one variant of TPO and DUOXA2. Five new mutations were detected: one in DUOX2, which was located in the splicing region of mRNA (c.1575-1G>A), three new missense mutants, p.A291T, p.R169W, and p. S1237dup, and one new TPO missense variant c.2012G>T (p.W671L). The main criteria for determining the genotype–phenotype relationship were a diagnostic detection rate of 53.33% (8/15) and combination of three or more gene mutations.

Conclusions

CH gene mutations in the population may be mainly manifested in genes influencing thyroid hormone synthesis, such as DUOX2 compound heterozygous mutations, which exhibited a high detection rate. The clinical manifestations are diverse, and mainly include transient CH. Therefore, genetic screening is recommended for CH patients to determine the correlation between clinical phenotypes and gene mutations, which will assist in clinical management.
Adaptation-Driven Evolution of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a Key Regulator of Metabolism and Aging, in Marmot Species
Authors: Junker Nora , Gossmann Toni I.
Published: July 2021

The sirtuin protein family plays a role in the lifespan of various species and is involved in numerous key metabolic processes. To understand the evolutionary role of sirtuins in marmots, a long-living rodent species group with remarkable metabolic shutdown during hibernation, we conducted a phylogeny-based substitution rate analysis of coding genes based on genetic information of seven marmot species. We show that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has evolved under positive selection in the marmot lineage. We pinpoint three amino acid changes in four different marmot species that underlie the signal of positive selection and that may favor increased longevity in marmots. Based on a computational structural analysis we can show that all three substitutions affect the secondary structure of the same region in human SIRT1. We propose that the identified region is close to the catalytic domain and that the potential structural changes may impact the catalytic activity of the enzyme and therefore might be playing a functional role in marmot's extended lifespan and metabolic shutdown.
Altered Actinobacteria and Firmicutes Phylum Associated Epitopes in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Li Zhuo , Lu Gang , Li Zhe , Wu Bin , Luo Enli , Qiu Xinmin , Guo Jianwen , Xia Zhangyong , Zheng Chunye , Su Qiaozhen , Zeng Yan , Chan Wai Yee , Su Xianwei , Cai Qiaodi , Xu Yanjuan , Chen Yingjun , Wang Mingbang , Poon Wai Sang , Luo Xiaodong
Published: July 2021

Recent evidence suggests that inflammation was participated in the pathogenesis of PD, thus, to understand the potential mechanism of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), we performed a metagenomic analysis of fecal samples from PD patient and controls. Using a two-stage metagenome-wide association strategy, fecal DNA samples from 69 PD patients and 244 controls in three groups (comprising 66 spouses, 97 age-matched, and 81 normal samples, respectively) were analyzed, and differences between candidate gut microbiota and microbiota-associated epitopes (MEs) were compared. In the study, 27 candidate bacterial biomarkers and twenty-eight candidate epitope peptides were significantly different between the PD patients and control groups. Further, enriched 4 and 13 MEs in PD were positively associated with abnormal inflammatory indicators [neutrophil percentage (NEUT.1), monocyte count/percentage (MONO/MONO.1), white blood cell count (WBC)] and five candidate bacterial biomarkers (c_Actinobacteria, f_Bifidobacteriaceae, g_Bifidobacterium, o_Bifidobacteriales, p_Actinobacteria) from Actinobacteria phylum, and they were also positively associated with histidine degradation and proline biosynthesis pathways, respectively. Additionally, enriched 2 MEs and 1 ME in PD were positively associated with above inflammatory indicators and two bacteria (f_Lactobacillaceae, g_Lactobacillus) from Firmicutes phylum, and they were also positively associated with pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I and negatively associated with isopropanol biosynthesis, respectively. Of these MEs, two MEs from GROEL2, RPSC were derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, triggered the T cell immune response, as previously reported. Additionally, other candidate epitope peptides derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae may also have potential immune effects in PD. In all, the altered MEs in PD may relate to abnormalities in immunity and glutamate and propionate metabolism, which furthers our understanding of the pathogenesis of PD.
Chinese Herbal Medicine for Treating Epilepsy
Authors: Lin Chia-Hui , Hsieh Ching-Liang
Published: July 2021

Chinese herbal medicine has a long history of use for treating epilepsy. Because of the side effects of Western antiepileptic therapy and the quest for more accessible treatment, complementary and alternative medicines have become popular. Traditional Chinese medical diet therapy appears to be safe and effective. We searched PubMed and the Cochrane Library through November 2020 for the use of traditional Chinese medicine in clinical settings, including plants, fungi, and animals. Combinations of keywords included “epilepsy,” “seizure,” “antiepileptic,” “anticonvulsive,” “Chinese herbal medicine,” “Chinese herb,” and each of the Latin names, English names, and scientific names of herbs. We also summarized the sources and functions of these herbs in Chinese medicine. Different herbs can be combined to increase antiepileptic effects through various mechanisms, including anti-inflammation, antioxidation, GABAergic effect enhancement, modulation of NMDA channels and sodium channel, and neuroprotection. Despite reports of their anticonvulsive effects, adequate experimental evidence and randomized controlled clinical trials are required to confirm their antiepileptic effects.
Transcranial Doppler Use in Non-traumatic Critically Ill Children: A Multicentre Descriptive Study
Authors: Rollet-Cohen Virginie , Sachs Philippe , Léger Pierre-Louis , Merchaoui Zied , Rambaud Jérôme , Berteloot Laureline , Kossorotoff Manoëlle , Mortamet Guillaume , Dauger Stéphane , Tissieres Pierre , Renolleau Sylvain , Oualha Mehdi
Published: July 2021

Background: The use and perceived value of transcranial Doppler (TCD) scope in paediatric critical care medicine has not been extensively documented.

Objective: To describe the use of TCD to assess non-traumatic brain injury in patients admitted to four paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in France.

Methods: We prospectively included all children (aged under 18) assessed with inpatient TCD between November 2014 and October 2015 at one of the four PICUs. The physicians completed a questionnaire within 4 h of performing TCD.

Results: 152 children were included. The primary diagnosis was neurological disease in 106 patients (70%), including post ischemic-anoxic brain insult (n = 42, 28%), status epilepticus (n = 19, 13%), and central nervous system infection/inflammation (n = 15, 10%). TCD was the first-line neuromonitoring assessment in 110 patients (72%) and was performed within 24 h of admission in 112 patients (74%). The most common indications for TCD were the routine monitoring of neurological disorders (n = 85, 56%) and the detection of asymptomatic neurological disorders (n = 37, 24). Concordance between the operator's interpretation of TCD and the published normative values was observed for 21 of the 75 (28%) TCD abnormal findings according to the published normative values. The physicians considered that TCD was of value for the ongoing clinical management of 131 (86%) of the 152 patients.

Conclusion: TCD is commonly used in French PICUs and tends to be performed early after admission on patients with a broad range of diseases. The physicians reported that the TCD findings often helped their clinical decision making. In view of the subjectivity of bedside interpretation, true TCD contribution to clinical care remains to be determined. Objective studies of the impact of TCD on patient management and clinical outcomes are therefore warranted.
A Novel Meshfree Strategy for a Viscous Wave Equation With Variable Coefficients
Authors: Wang Fuzhang , Zhang Juan , Ahmad Imtiaz , Farooq Aamir , Ahmad Hijaz
Published: July 2021

A one-step new general mesh free scheme, which is based on radial basis functions, is presented for a viscous wave equation with variable coefficients. By constructing a simple extended radial basis function, it can be directly applied to wave propagation by using the strong form-based mesh free collocation method. There is no need to deal with the time-dependent variable particularly. Numerical results for a viscous wave equation with variable coefficients show that the proposed mesh free collocation method is simple with accurate solutions.
Muscle Contractile Characteristics During Exhaustive Dynamic Exercise and Recovery
Authors: Rannou Fabrice , Nybo Lars , Andersen Janni Enghave , Nordsborg Nikolai B.
Published: July 2021

Our aim was to provide an in vivo assessment of human muscle twitch characteristics during and following an exhaustive dynamic exercise to explore temporal alterations of the rate of force development (RFD) and relaxation (RFR). Eleven healthy participants (mean age ± SD: 24 ± 3 years) completed a dynamic knee-extensor exercise in randomized order at three different intensities, eliciting exhaustion after ∼9 min (56 ± 10 W), ∼6 min (60 ± 10 W), and ∼4 min (63 ± 10 W), in addition to a low-intensity (28 ± 5 W) bout. In a novel setup, an electrical doublet stimulation of m. vastus lateralis was applied during exercise (every 30 s) and recovery for frequent evaluation of key contractile properties (maximal force, RFD, RFR, and electromechanical delay) in addition to M-wave characteristics. RFD and RFR remained stable throughout the low-intensity trial but declined in all exhaustive trials to reach a similar level of ∼40% of pre-exercise values at task failure but with the exponential decay augmented by intensity. Following exhaustion, there was a fast initial recovery of RFD and RFR to ∼80% of pre-exercise values within 1 min, followed by a longer suppression at this level. The M-wave characteristics remained unchanged during all trials. In conclusion, this is the first study to quantify the intensity-dependent alterations of RFD and RFR during and after exhaustive dynamic exercise in humans. A hypothesized reduction and fast reversion of RFD was confirmed, and a surprising compromised RFR is reported. The present unique experimental approach allows for novel insight to exercise-induced alterations in human muscle contractile properties which is relevant in health and disease.