bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regional Features of the Attitude of Adolescents to Health and the Environment
Authors: Zhuravleva Irina , Lakomova Nina
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to adolescent health as an important potential of the country’s labor and population resources. The negative trends characterising the health of this age group in recent decades require the adoption of immediate and radical measures in the field of social policy. Based on the results of the study “Adolescent Health and the Environment” (2017), analysis of statistics, various documents and publications, an attempt was made to find out the nature of changes in the attitude of adolescents to their health and the environment under the influence of social policy measures. This approach examines the relationship between sociological indicators of adolescent attitude to health (self-esteem, motives and health factors, the presence of bad habits, attitude to the environment) and the impact of means and methods of social policy of various kinds. Advocacy of a healthy lifestyle forms attitudes towards a positive attitude to health and reliance on one’s own efforts to achieve it. A lack of attention to environmental issues at the regional level leads to a decrease in environmental concerns among these issues among young people. These processes can be traced by comparing the responses of the respondents of two cities (Ulan-Ude and Ulyanovsk) with significant differences, and by analysing the content components of the social policies of these regions. The conclusion is drawn about the effectiveness of the measures that form the specific behavior types of adolescents in the field of health.
Multifunctional control system in the quality management of training of cadets
Authors: Chakurin Valeriy A.
Published: December 2020

We presented the substantiation of the system of multifunctional control of the quality of training of cadets of the military educational organization of higher education based on the interpretation of the concepts of “control”, “control functions”, “quality of training”, the advantage of which is the possibility of combining the efforts of various subjects to ensure a holistic view of the level of training results of the future specialist. At the same time, the effectiveness of the training management process is determined not so much by fixed educational results, but rather by an analysis of the reasons for their discrepancy with the task of training and the search for reserves for improving the efficiency of educational activities and the quality of knowledge of cadets. The analysis of the structure of multifunctional quality control of training made it possible to determine one of the directions - the accompanying one, which, using the control of pedagogical interaction of participants in the educational process, contributes to both the timely adjustment of management decisions and the improvement of student training results. Management support is significant in creating conditions for optimizing the educational process in the military educational organization of higher education, characterized by a strict temporary regulation of the activities of cadets, the structural component of which is self-training, which affects the success of achieving educational results. To determine the influence of the commander's management support on the result of training cadets in the process of self-training, a mathematical model was developed as a diagnostic tool, which allows you to quickly establish feedback in the management support system, the algorithm which we proposed in the study.
Septiembre de 1931 Le Corbusier y el Palacio de los Soviets = September 1931: Le Corbusier and the Palace of the Soviets
Authors: Ponce Gregorio Pedro , Peris Blat Ignacio , Sanchis Gisbert Salvador José
Published: December 2020

ResumenA principios de septiembre de 1931, mediante carta privada remitida por B. Breslow -en cal­idad de Representante Comercial de la URSS en Francia-, Le Corbusier (y Pierre) reciben la in­vitación a participar en el concurso del Palacio de los Soviets de Moscú. Un edificio que, además de encarnar la voluntad de las masas trabajadoras rusas debía convertirse, de manera análoga, allí donde ya se hallaba construida la catedral del Salvador, en el monumento artístico-arquitectónico de la maltrecha capital soviética. Así, sirviéndonos del proyecto como instrumento, el escrito tra­tará de poner en relación dos de los materiales más íntimos en la vida y obra de Le Corbusier: sus agendas de Moscú y la correspondencia del atelier. Todo ello, con el único fin de desvelar algunas de las claves más desconocidas del comportamiento del arquitecto; ya no al frente de este proyecto concreto, sino sobre todo aquello que lo rodeaba: ya fueran los clientes, sus ayudantes o Pierre.AbstractIn early september 1931, on a private letter dispatched by B. Breslow -acting as Comercial Representative of the URSS in France-, Le Corbusier (and Pierre) received the invitation to partici­pate in the contest of the Palace of the Soviets in Moscow. A building that would not only enbodies russian´s working class will, but also should become in the same way, there where the Salvador cathedral was built, in the artistic-architectural monument of the struggling soviet capital. So, us­ing the project as an instrument, the note will try to put in relation two of the most intimate materi­als in the life and work of Le Corbusier: his Moscow diaries and the atelier correspondence. All of this, with the sole purpose of revealing some of the most unknown keys to the architect behavior; not at the front of this specific project, but above all that surrounded it: whether the clients, their assistants or Pierre.
¿Racionalismo sin vanguardia? Pedro Muguruza en el Paseo de La Concha de San Sebastián = Rationalism without avant-garde? Pedro Muguruza at the Paseo de La Concha in San Sebastian
Authors: González Presencio Mariano , Echeverría Trueba Juan Bautista
Published: December 2020

ResumenEn el Paseo de la Concha de San Sebastián existe una casa proyectada por Pedro Mu­guruza antes de la guerra civil y construida tras el final de la contienda. Se trata de una sencilla construcción no exenta de interés, tanto por su valor arquitectónico, recogido en distintas catalogaciones del patrimonio arquitectónico de la capital donostiarra, como por ser una de las primeras sustituciones que se produjeron en los palacetes que formaban la fachada de la Concha en los comienzos del siglo XX. Pero, lo que hace más interesante la revisión de este inmueble, más allá de estos aspectos, son la personalidad del arquitecto au­tor del proyecto, y las fechas concretas en que fue proyectado y construido. Circunstancias que se utilizan para desarrollar una breve reflexión crítica sobre la causa de la arquitectura moderna –y de la arquitectura en general- en España en esos convulsos momentos, tenien­do en cuenta la formidable barrera que supone la guerra civil y el papel protagonista que su arquitecto iba a desempeñar en la arquitectura española en los primeros años del nuevo régimen franquista.AbstractAt the Paseo de la Concha, in San Sebastian, stands a housing block designed by Pedro Muguruza before the civil war started and built after the end of the conflict. It is a simple construction but is not exempted from interest, not only because of its architectonic value, listed in different publications of local architectural heritage, but also to be one of the first substitutions that took place in the small palaces conforming the city waterfront at the be­ginning of the XXth century. However, what make the review of this property more interes­ting, beyond these aspects, are the personality of the architect and the specific dates when it was designed and built. These circumstances are used to develop a short critic thought about the cause of modern architecture -and architecture in general- in these turbulent mo­ments in Spain, taking into account the formidable barrier that the civil war represents and the leading role that its architect was going to perform in the spanish architecture along the first years of Franco regime.
SuperGrand’s : la tipografía como elemento integrado en la obra temprana de Robert Venturi, 1962-1969 = Typography as an element integrated into the early work of Robert Venturi, 1962-1969
Authors: Esteban Maluenda Inmaculada , Encabo Seguí Enrique
Published: December 2020

ResumenEste texto pretende demostrar la importancia de la integración de los sistemas tipográficos en el proyecto arquitectónico a partir del análisis de la reforma del Grand’s Restaurant (Filadelfia, 1962) de Robert Venturi y William Short. Elegir este caso de estudio permite entender el impacto de este recurso en la etapa temprana de Venturi (1962-1969). El tema remite a contenidos y aspectos que, hasta la fecha, permanecen prácticamente inéditos a pesar de los muchos estudios dedicados a la obra y escritos del arquitecto. A pesar de su discreto tamaño y presupuesto, el Grand’s concen­tró de manera ejemplar tanto aspectos teóricos de la propia investigación de Venturi, como fue, asimismo, precursor de otras corrientes interdisciplinares del momento como Supergraphics. La escritura es aquí un elemento arquitectónico de ‹pleno derecho› que afecta a la interpretación del proyecto, a su carácter simbólico y su entendimiento como integrante del orden y la composición arquitectónicos.AbstractThis article, based on an analysis of the refurbishing of Grand’s Restaurant (Philadelphia, 1962), designed by Robert Venturi and William Short, aims to show the importance of integrating systems of typography into architectural design. Choosing this case study enables the impact of typogra­phy on Venturi’s early period (1962-1969) to be examined. The theme involves content and aspects which have remained virtually unexplored to date despite the many studies devoted to Ventu­ri’s architecture and those written by the architect himself. Despite its modest size and budget, Grand’s not only exemplarily condensed theoretical aspects of Venturi’s own investigation but also served as a precursor for other interdisciplinary trends of the time such as Supergraphics. Writing in Grand’s is a ‹fully-fledged› architectural element affecting the design’s interpretation, its symbolic nature and its understanding as part of an architectural order and composition.
"LOCURA Y ESCÁNDALO": UN MESÍAS CRUCIFICADO Y UNA HISTORIA MARCADA POR LA CRUZ
Authors: Faus José Ignacio González
Published: December 2020

La intención del artículo es hacer una revisión del mesianismo de Jesús en el contexto eclesial y político actual. Si cristianismo significa literalmente mesianismo, todo seguidor de Jesús habrá de tener una visión “mesiánica” de la historia. Lo que quiere decir que el cristiano está llamado a trabajar en la construcción de la historia. Y de hecho, cuando la historia no tiene un horizonte mesiánico degenera en una mera sociedad de consumo que acaba quitando sentido a las vidas humanas y generando reacciones extremistas violentas que, en el fondo, buscan alguna forma de mesianismo. Pero el mesianismo cristiano no es el del Primer Testamento sino el de Jesús. Y el de Jesús es un mesianismo escandaloso que pasa por la cruz. La visión cristiana de la historia estará tentada de caer en las expectativas erróneas de Pedro en Cesarea (formas diversas de milenarismo) y en la decepción final de los discípulos (tentaciones apocalípticas): con lenguaje de hoy, tentaciones de la Modernidad y de la postmodernidad. Por eso, la teología de la historia será también hoy “locura y escándalo”. Pero no dejará de ser mesiánica si recupera una auténtica pneumatología y una cristología del Espíritu.
A DESCONSTRUÇÃO DA ENCARNAÇÃO E DA RESSURREIÇÃO EM JEAN-LUC NANCY
Authors: Higuet Etienne Alfred
Published: December 2020

Pretendo, no presente artigo, aprofundar a visão da desconstrução do cristianismo em Jean-Luc Nancy, me concentrando na compreensão da encarnação e da ressurreição. Na primeira parte, procuro apresentar a fenomenologia do corpo e do tato, que sustenta a interpretação dos dogmas centrais do cristianismo: Os corpos são o limite, o espaço aberto, ou o lugar e o ser da existência. Na encarnação, o corpo é o evento do espírito, isto é, o espírito não se mantém fora do mundo, mas abre-se no meio dele. A desconstrução começa no apagamento de Deus no homem que é o sentido do mundo. Mas ela precisa se aprofundar como superação do corpo como signo do sentido enquanto interioridade, além de toda significação e representação. Por sua vez, a ressurreição desconstruída não visa a atravessar a morte, mas, ao mergulhar nela sem volta, a ressuscitar a própria morte. Nas considerações finais, procuro recapitular o que foi desconstruído, terminando com algumas reflexões sobre o futuro do cristianismo.
Estimating Galactic Dark Matter and Redshift in Flat Space Cosmology
Authors: U.V Satya Seshavatharam , Terry Tatum Eugene , Lakshminarayana S
Published: December 2020

With reference to known galactic rotation speeds and previous publications on our light-speed expanding Flat Space Cosmology model, a toy model variation is presented herein for the purpose of exploring possible time-dependent relationships between galactic dark matter, visible matter, total matter, redshift, radius and angular velocity. The result of this exploration, in the form of graphs and tables, provides for remarkable correlations with current galactic observations and perhaps moves us closer to understanding the scalar nature and influence of dark matter and Lambda on the expanding universe. With reference to light speed expansion, if one is willing to re-define cosmic red shift as [z/(1+z)], without considering Lambda cosmology inputs, light travel distances can be reproduced with a marginal error of +8.6% at z =1.2, (i.e. traditional light travel distance is 8.6% higher than our estimate), 0% at z = 11.5 and -5.5% at z = 1200.( i.e. traditional light travel distance is 5.5% lower than our estimate).
Seeing the Trees in the World’s Forests: An Extension of the Forest Transition Concept
Authors: Bontemps Jean-Daniel , Hervé Jean-Christophe , Marty Pascal
Published: December 2020

The forest transition – or forest-area transition – has been put forward as a land-use concept by A.S. Mather in 1992 (The forest transition. Area 24, 367-379), to describe the historical trend generally observed in the forest area of developed countries, embodied in a V-shaped curve of the forest area over time, and that may serve as a paradigm to understand and anticipate deforestation in the developing world. Well in line with a geographical approach to forests, forest transition has thus been defined as one-dimensional, forest area being the reference state variable. From a forestry perspective, the analysis appears to be reductive, as forests are described by many other state variables than area, including forest growing stock, composition in tree species, or stand structure. Whether the drivers of forest transition (population dynamics, economic modes of production and consciousness, as classified by Mather) also impact these other forest state variables in a general way thus comes forth as a logical issue.From a deductive analysis of forest transition drivers, and from forest trends brought to light in Europe, France, and at other places in the world, we here argue that the forest transition concept can be extended to a multi-dimensional space of forest attributes, characterized by typical ideal dynamics. Cumulative impacts onto forests and irreversible losses in forest biodiversity over a forest transition are hence highlighted. Global change, as a parallel consequence of countries’ developing process, further appears as one additional albeit less coupled dimension of forest transition, as it modifies forest productivity and vitality over time. Since forest ecosystem services and forest profitability primarily depend on such attributes, we argue that the extension of the forest transition concept has significance for land-use change and forest protection issues. A prospect on future changes in the forests of developed countries with the European space as a benchmark is finally proposed that leads to extend the temporal significance of forest transition. Though poorly described, returning forests on abandoned agricultural lands are significant, and deserve greater attention.
PENGARUH CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO, SOLVABILITAS, DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP RISIKO LIKUIDITAS PADA BANK UMUM SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Dinda Maharani Jaiz  , Rahmawati  , Asriany
Published: December 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio, solvability, and firm size on liquidity risk in Islamic banks in Indonesia. The population in this study were Islamic banks in Indonesia from 2014 to 2018. The research sample was 11 Islamic banks in Indonesia which were obtained by purposive sampling technique. The results showed the variable Capital Adequacy Ratio and solvability had a positive effect on liquidity risk in Islamic banks. Firm size does not have a positive effect on liquidity risk in Islamic banks.
PENERAPAN ANALISIS FAKTOR REDUCTION DALAM DETERMINASI IMPLEMENTASI STANDAR AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN ENTITAS MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH (SAK EMKM)
Authors: Hidayanti Anna Apriana , Agus Khazin Fauzi  , Baiq Desthania Prathama
Published: December 2020

The current research was carried out to investigate the correlation of educational background, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, socialization and quality of human resources with (SAK-EMKM) Implementation by reducing variables to several factors using the factor analysis method. Data  collection in this study with a questionnaire given to the  owner of the by Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMB) in Mataram city and 40 UMKM samples were obtained using purposive sampling technique, factor analysis aim to reduce the dimensionality of a set of data and  clearly designed with the objective to identify certain unobservable factors from the observed variables. The results of this study were formed into two factors: 1st factor is these factors are termed the perception of the owner of the by Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMB) formed from the perception and variables using SAK EMKM perception then against SAK-EMKM implementation has a positive effect. 2nd factor is these factor was human resources factors formed from the educational background variable and the quality of human resources variable and against SAK-EMKM implementation has positive correlation.
KONSEPSI MASYARAKAT MADANI DALAM BINGKAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Ilma Mughniatul , Alfian Rifqi Nur
Published: December 2020

The challenge of globalization is increasingly rocking the social order in society. This can be a real threat to a nation if it is continuously allowed to flow without any meaningful effort. Various problems arise including moral decadence, moral degradation to the disintegration of the nation. This requires a revolution in the social system of society. Civil society as an old concept which became known as 'Islamic' with the term Civil Society became important to be made a proposal for change. Civil society is the ideal form of society that all nations aspire to. The building of civil society requires a variety of solid and resilient materials based on the foundation of religion. The key to the building is Islamic Education. Islamic education is an effort to create a superior generation that is Islamic, which in turn will unite itself to form a religious, moral, high quality and creative society in building civilization.
KONSEP SAKINAH MAWADDAH WA RAHMAH MENURUT M. QURAISH SHIHAB DAN RELEVANSINYA TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN ANAK DALAM KELUARGA
Authors: Suryani Anist , Kadi Kadi
Published: December 2020

Family has a very big contribution in children's education. Because the family is the first environment for children. Basically, children are born to bring fitrah to good beliefs, that's where the family plays a role, especially parents who focus on and strengthen children's beliefs through education. For this reason, if we want to shape children's education with good education, it must begin at the time of family formation. Because a good family will continue a good generation. A good family according to Islam is the one that is sure to be mawaddahwarahmah. The results of the study found that the concept of Sakinah MawaddahWaRahmah according to M. Quraish Shihab is relevant to children's education because families that use the concept of sakinah mawaddah warahmah are families who are able to form good education for their children. Based on the process of relations between family and children, both underlie the relationship with the feeling of love and love. As well as to form a quality education, it starts from forming a family that is sakinahmawaddahwarahmah. However, it is needed to study more about family concepts, with the aim of increasing and instilling child education starting with the family, because the family is the first institution to instill education in children.Keywords: Children education, concept of sakinah, concept of mawaddah, concept of rahmah, family education.
Literatura e leitura literária: agentes transformadores de vidas em uma comunidade atendida pelo Centro de Referência de Assistência Social
Authors: Cardoso de Faria e Custódio Raquel , Pereira Villela Ana Paula
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo apresenta os resultados da ação extensionista “Círculos de Leitura e Centro de Referência de Assistência Social– transformação e literatura”, realizada em 2019 e promovida pelo Instituto Federal Catarinense – Campus São Bento do Sul com o intuito de colocar em prática uma das principais missões que o Instituto Federal Catarinense possui, que é  promover a cultura, em nosso caso o gosto pela literatura, dentro da comunidade em que está inserido. O projeto atendeu jovens entre 10 e 13 anos, assistidos pelo Centro de Referência de Assistência Social, em encontros quinzenais visando estimular a leitura literária. Mesmo possuindo enfoque prático, toda a ação foi realizada a partir de embasamentos teóricos que estimulassem a comunicação e novas estratégias de leitura, assim como auxiliassem as crianças e os adolescentes a lançarem mão da literatura como uma possibilidade de autoconhecimento. A partir das estratégias aplicadas para desenvolver o hábito de leitura literária, observou-se, no decorrer dos encontros, um envolvimento maior dos participantes e um aprimoramento nas leituras e nas interpretações, além da ampliação da visão e do conhecimento de mundo, manifestados nas atividades propostas.
Cardiac complications and pertaining mortality rate in COVID-19 patients; a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Toloui Amirmohammad , Moshrefiaraghi Donya , Neishaboori Arian Madani , Safari Saeed , Yousefifard Mahmoud , Aghajani Mohammad Haji
Published: December 2020

Background

Raising knowledge over cardiac complications and managing them can play a key role in their recovery. In this study, we aim to investigate the evidence regarding the prevalence of cardiac complications and the resulting mortality rate in COVID-19 patients.
Results

The initial search resulted in 853 records, from which 40 articles were included. Overall analysis showed the prevalence of acute cardiac injury, heart failure and cardiac arrest were 19.46% (95% CI: 18.23–20.72), 19.07% (95% CI: 15.38–23.04) and 3.44% (95% CI: 3.08–3.82), respectively. Moreover, abnormal serum troponin level was observed in 22.86% (95% CI: 21.19–24.56) of the COVID-19 patients. Further analysis revealed that the overall odds of mortality is 14.24 [odds ratio (OR) = 14.24; 95% CI: 8.67–23.38] times higher, when patients develop acute cardiac injury. The pooled odds ratio of mortality when the analysis was limited to abnormal serum troponin level was 19.03 (OR = 19.03; 95% CI: 11.85–30.56).
Conclusion

Acute cardiac injury and abnormal serum troponin level were the most prevalent cardiac complications/abnormalities in COVID-19 patients. The importance of cardiac complications becomes crucial due to the higher mortality rate among patients with these complications. Thus, troponin screenings and cardiac evaluations are recommended to be performed in routine patient assessments.
Socio-cultural challenges in the implementation of COVID-19 public health measures: Results from a qualitative study in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Zakar Rubeena , Yousaf Farhan , Zakar Muhammad , Fischer Florian
Published: December 2020

Background: Informed public health measures are crucial to curb the COVID-19 pandemic. The socio-cultural context is important to understand the success or failure of implementing public health measures. This study explores the social and behavioral response to COVID-19 and unveils challenges in the implementation of related public health measures in Pakistan. Methods: Within this qualitative study, we conducted 34 telephonic/online in-depth interviews with youths, adults, old-age people, and healthcare professionals in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Framework analysis was used for data analysis. Results: People’s poor understanding about COVID-19 and the need for preventive measures were the major challenge in implementation of public health preventive strategies. Study participants reported that the lockdown strategy increased poverty and unemployment. People’s poor living conditions and living environment compelled them to not follow social distancing and restricting themselves to homes. Additionally, an underdeveloped healthcare system was one of the major challenges for Pakistan. False and misleading information about the disease had significant consequences for the COVID control program. In Pakistan, the culture of denial related to the epidemiology of COVID-19 were important challenges within the implementation of public health preventive measures. Conclusions: It is extremely important that public health experts and social scientists work together to understand the contextual socio-cultural factors which shape behaviors associated with the spread of a pandemic. This knowledge is needed in order to design and implement preventive strategies that could effectively work in the local context.
Two Target Genes Based Multiple Cross Displacement Amplification Combined with Lateral Flow Biosensor for the Detection of Mycobacrterium Tuberculosis Complex
Authors: Huang Junfei , Xiao Ziyu , Yang Xinggui , Chen Xu , Wang Xiaojuan , Chen Yijiang , Zheng Wenlin , Chen Wei , Chen Huijuan , Li Shijun
Published: December 2020

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) causes tuberculosis (TB), which is a global public health problem that seriously endangers public health. Hence, development of a new and rapid method to detect MTBC is of great significance for prevention and treatment of TB. Results: In this study, a multiple cross displacement amplification combined with nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensor (MCDA-LFB) was developed to simultaneously detect two target genes (IS6110 and mpb64) of MTBC. One suit of specific multiple cross displacement amplification (MCDA) primers, which was designed for IS6110 and mpb64 gene, respectively, was validated through using the genomic DNA extracted from reference strain H37Rv. The MCDA products were analyzed using real-time turbidity curve, colorimetric indicator (Malachite Green, MG) and LFB. The conditions of amplification temperature and time were optimized and the established MCDA-LFB method was applied to detect the sputum specimens and MTBC strains from clinical samples. The results show that two sets of MCDA primers for the IS6110 and mpb64 genes have detected MTBC validly. The MCDA reaction conditions were optimized at 67 °C for 35 min. The limit of detection of MCDA assay based on IS6110 and mpb64 genes was 100 fg of genomic DNA template per reaction. The specificity of MCDA-LFB detection was 100%, and no cross-reactions for non-MTBC strains detection. The positive rate of MCDA-LFB for the detection of MTBC strains was equal to that of semi-nested automatic real-time PCR (Xpert MTB/RIF), and had a higher positive rate than acid-fast staining (AFS) when used for the detection of sputum samples. The whole procedure of MCDA-LFB, including genomic template preparation, MCDA reaction and products analysis, was completed with 70 min.Conclusion: The simplicity, rapidity, sensitivity and reliability of the MCDA-LFB based on IS6110 and mpb64 gene of MTBC developed in this study make it potentially significant for the prevention and treatment of TB.
Identification of SARS-CoV2 Main Protease Coldspots Suitable for Drug Targeting
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Navaneethakrishnan , Fakhro Khalid
Published: December 2020

Most attempts to target the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 are focusing on the main protease (Mpro) 1-9. However, >19,000 missense mutations in the Mpro have already been reported 10. The mutations encompassing 282 amino acid positions and these “hotspots” might change the Mpro structure and activity, potentially rendering novel antivirals and vaccines ineffective. Here we identified 24 mutational “coldspots” that have resisted mutation since the virus was first detected. We compared the structure-function relationship of these coldspots with several SARS-CoV2 Mpro X-ray crystal structures. We found that three coldspot residues (Leu141, Phe185 and Gln192) help to form the active site, while six (Gly2, Arg4, Tyr126, Lys137, Leu141 and Leu286) contribute to dimer formation that is required for Mpro activity. The surface of the dimer interface is more resistant to mutations compared to the active site. Interestingly, 16 coldspots are found in conserved patterns when compared with other coronaviruses. Importantly, several conserved coldpots are available on the surface of the active site and at the dimer interface for targeting. The identification and short list of these coldspots offers a new perspective to target the SARS-CoV2 Mpro while avoiding mutation-based drug resistance.
Unraveling Hidden Interactions in Complex Systems with Deep Learning
Authors: Ha Seungwoong , Jeong Hawoong
Published: December 2020

Rich phenomena from complex systems have long intrigued researchers, and yet modeling system micro-dynamics and inferring the forms of interaction remain challenging for conventional data-driven approaches, being generally established by human scientists. In this study, we propose AgentNet, a model-free data-driven framework consisting of deep neural networks to reveal and analyze the hidden interactions in complex systems from observed data alone. AgentNet utilizes a graph attention network with novel variable-wise attention to model the interaction between individual agents, and employs various encoders and decoders that can be selectively applied to any desired system. Our model successfully captured a wide variety of simulated complex systems, namely cellular automata (discrete), the Vicsek model (continuous), and active Ornstein--Uhlenbeck particles (non-Markovian) in which, notably, AgentNet's visualized attention values coincided with the true variable-wise interaction strengths and exhibited collective behavior that was absent in the training data. A demonstration with empirical data from a flock of birds showed that AgentNet could identify hidden interaction ranges exhibited by real birds, which cannot be detected by conventional velocity correlation analysis. We expect our framework to open a novel path to investigating complex systems and to provide insight into general process-driven modeling.
Pharmacy Services for the 2019 Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) World Masters Championships in Gwangju, South Korea
Authors: Yang In Kyu , Shin Eun Ok , Kim Dong Gyun , Jung Hyun Cheol , Kim Kwang Joon , Ki Sung Hwan
Published: December 2020

Background: The role of sports pharmacists is being emphasized in international athletic events. This study aimed to describe the pharmacy services for the 2019 Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) World Masters Championships in Gwangju, South Korea. Method: Research focused on athletes and coaching staff who received medications after visiting medical centers and pharmacies located in the athletes’ village from July 5 to July 29, 2019. Education courses for full-time and volunteer pharmacists were provided three times. We collected daily pharmacy operation results and prescription interventions. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel, and were expressed as frequency (%). ﻿Results: Throughout the tournament, 633 patients received medication at the athletes’ village pharmacy (gender: 338 men [53.4%], 295 women [46.6%]; nationality: 299 Korean [47.2%], 334 foreign [52.8%]; patient class: 150 athletes [23.7%], 427 non-athletes [67.5%]). Therapy for musculoskeletal disorders was the most common (29, 19.3%), and oral NSAIDs (56, 21.9%) were the most frequently dispensed medication in athletes. Pharmacists intervened for 47 out of 491 prescriptions (9.6%), with dosage change (21, 44.7%) being the most common intervention type. Conclusion: This study on the operation and performance of pharmacies at the FINA World Masters Championships is a useful reference for pharmacy services at international or domestic sports events.
WITHDRAWN: Dimensional Optimization of Multi-legged Climbing Robot for Asteriod Exploration Based on Performance Atlas
Authors: Wen Qingpeng , He Jun , Gao Feng
Published: December 2020

Multi-legged climbing robots have appealing applications to extreme terrain on asteroids with the microgravity. The robot usually consists of multiple legs and grippers with hierarchical arrays of microspines. The dimensional optimization of the robot with the complicated structure is still a challenge. This paper proposes a multi-parameter grouping optimization method for the multi- legged climbing robot based on performance atlas. First, the structure of the multi-legged climbing robot is described and the kinematic model is established. Second, four performance evaluation indices of the robot, namely the global conditioning index (GCI), the global stiffness index (GSI), the global transmission index(GTI), and the global adhesion efficiency index (GAEI), are derived from the kinematic equations. Third, 11 dimensional parameters of the robot are catergorized into three groups and the detailed optimization process is poposed. Non-dimensional design spaces of three groups of parameters are established and performance atlases regarding the aforementioned evaluation indices are drawn. Finally, the optimal diemensions of the robot are obtained. Besides, the proposed multi-parameter optimization method can be further applied to other legged robots, and the global adhesion efficiency index can be used to guide the design of other grippers.
Salinity Depression in Vitro Impress the Growth Potential and, Mediates the Antioxidants Pool and the Tolerance Genes Expression of Grapevine
Authors: Aazami Mohammad , Hassanpouraghdam Mohammad
Published: December 2020

Undoubtedly, salinity is the major environmental stress affecting the crops growth, development and yield. Grapevine is a dominant horticulture crop and mildly sensitive to the salinity. Salinity triggers variations at the cellular and molecular levels and hence induces some specific genes expression. The responses of two grapevine cultivars (Fakhri and Sultanin) were evaluated for its tolerance to the salinity stress in vitro. The results for the explants exposed to the salinity revealed that the viability, fresh weight of the regenerated explant and the proliferation rate were declined compared to the control ones. The activity of SOD enzyme and MDA content were increased with salinity. However, protein content declined. There was no significant difference in CAT and APX activities with the salinity treatment. With salinity adding up, the DREB/CBFs genes expression pattern was significantly increased in both cultivars. ‘Fakhri’ was more responsive in growth parameters and the activity of antioxidant enzymes and higher expression rate of DREB/CBFs under salinity compared to the variety ‘Sultanin’.
Nowcasting Earthquakes in Sulawesi Island, Indonesia
Authors: Pasari Sumanta , Simanjuntak Andrean VH , Sharma Yogendra
Published: December 2020

Large devastating events such as earthquakes often display frequency-magnitude statistics that exhibit power-law distribution. In this study, we implement a new method of nowcasting (Rundle et al. 2016) to evaluate the current state of earthquake hazards in the seismic prone Sulawesi province, Indonesia. The nowcasting technique considers statistical behavior of small event counts, known as natural times, to infer the seismic progression of large earthquake cycles in a defined region. To develop natural time statistics in the Sulawesi Island, we employ four probability models, namely exponential, exponentiated exponential, gamma, and Weibull distribution. Statistical inference of natural times reveals that (i) exponential distribution has the best representation to the observed data; (ii) estimated nowcast scores (%) corresponding to M≥6.5 events for 21 cities are Bau-bau (41), Bitung (70), Bone (44), Buton (39), Donggala (63), Gorontalo (49), Kendari (27), Kolaka (30), Luwuk (56), Makassar (52), Mamuju (58), Manado (70), Morowali (37), Palopo (34), Palu (62), Pare-pare (82), Polewali (61), Poso (42), Taliabu (55), Toli-toli (58), and Watampone (55); and (iii) the results are broadly consistent to the changes of magnitude threshold and area of local regions. Therefore, the present nowcasting analysis, similar to the traditional earthquake hazard assessment techniques, offers a simple yet versatile metric to the scientists, engineers and policymakers to examine the current state of earthquake hazards in the thickly populated Sulawesi Island.
Construction of immune scores to predict patient prognosis and response of anti-PD1 treatment in stage III-IV melanoma
Authors: Li Wei , Xiao Haitao , Xu Xuewen , Zhang Yange
Published: December 2020

Background: Tumor-infiltrating immune cells were demonstrated to be associated with patient survival and responses of targeted therapy. However, in melanoma, there is no reliable and individualized prognostic signatures based on comprehensive evaluation of the immune profile inferred from bulk tumor transcriptomes. In this study, we aimed to develop immunoscores associated with prognosis and responses of anti-PD1 targeted therapy in stage III-IV melanoma.Methods: The immunoscore and immunoscore-based prognostic nomogram were constructed based on the melanoma cohort from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and validated in the population from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Besides, in another cohort obtained from the GEO database, we developed an immunoscore for predicting responses of anti-PD1 therapy. Twenty-two types of immune cell fraction were estimated using CIBERSORT. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression model was utilized to develop individualized immunoscores.Results: With the Lasso regression, an immunoscore was constructed consisting of nine types of immune cell subtypes. In both of the training (192 cases) and validation (227 cases) cohorts, significant difference was observed between immunoscore-low and immunoscore-high groups in overall survival (OS). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that the immunoscore was an independent prognostic factor (P < 0.001) for OS. The prognostic value of the immunoscore was also confirmed by the ROC curves. Nomogram integrating immunotype and other clinical characteristics also showed good discrimination, calibration and usability in both of the training and validation cohorts. Finally, in another GEO cohort (218 cases), an immunoscore was constructed based on nine immune cell types for predicting anti-PD1 therapy response. Conclusion: The proposed immunoscores represent promising models for estimating overall survival and anti-PD1 treatment response in patients with stage III-IV melanoma.
Phenotypic effects of Am genomes in nascent synthetic hexaploids derived from interspecific crosses between durum and wild einkorn wheat
Authors: Michikawa Asami , Okada Moeko , Ikeda Tatsuya , Nagaki Kiyotaka , Yoshida Kentaro , Takumi Shigeo
Published: December 2020

Background Allopolyploid speciation is a major evolutionary process in wheat (Triticum spp.) and the related Aegilops species. The generation of synthetic polyploids by interspecific crosses artificially reproduces the allopolyploidization of wheat and its relatives. These synthetic polyploids allow breeders to introduce agriculturally important traits into durum and common wheat cultivars. This study aimed to evaluate genetic and phenotypic diversity in wild einkorn (Triticum monococcum ssp. aegilopoides) accessions, to generate a set of synthetic hexaploid lines containing the various Am genomes from wild einkorn, and to reveal their agronomic characteristics.Results We examined the genetic diversity of 43 wild einkorn accessions using simple sequence repeat markers covering all the chromosomes and revealed two genetically divergent lineages, L1 and L2. The genetic divergence between these lineages was linked to their phenotypic divergence and the climate of their habitats. L1 accessions were characterized by early flowering, fewer spikes, large spikelets, and low-density spikelets compared to L2 accessions. These trait differences could have resulted from adaptation to their different habitats. We then developed 42 synthetic lines containing the AABBAmAm genome through interspecific crosses between T. turgidum cv. Langdon (AABB genome) as the female parent and the wild einkorn accessions (AmAm genome) as the male parents. Two of the 42 AABBAmAm synthetic lines exhibited hybrid dwarfism. Phenotypic variation, especially for days to flowering and spikelet-related traits, in the synthetic lines was significantly correlated with that in their wild einkorn parents. The phenotypic divergence between L1 and L2 accessions also reflected phenotypic differences among the synthetic lines. Furthermore, the AABBAmAm synthetic lines had longer spikelets and grains, long awns, high plant heights, soft grains, and late flowering, which are distinct from other synthetic hexaploid wheat lines such as AABBAA and AABBDD. Conclusions Wild einkorn genetically and phenotypically diverged into two lineages. The phenotypic variations in the synthetic lines reflected the divergence among wild einkorn. Utilization of various Am genomes of wild einkorn resulted in wide phenotypic diversity in the AABBAmAm synthetic hexaploids and provides promising new breeding materials for wheat.
Expression of TCF7L2 in Glioma and Relation With Clinicopathological Characteristics and Patient Overall Survival
Authors: JING S.-Y. , CHEN L. , HAN S. , LIU N. , HAN M.-Y. , YANG Y.-K. , Yan Chang-xiang
Published: December 2020

Background: TCF7L2 gene is known as transcription factor 7-like 2 which has been identified as a novel transcription factor epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cells at 10q25.3. TCF7L2 may affect cancer progression and plays a central role in cancer proliferation, migration and invasion. However, its clinical and prognostic value have not been researched in glioma. The purpose of our study was to research TCF7L2 expression and evaluate the clinical value of prognosis.Method: We collected glioma specimens including low-grade glioma (n=46)and glioblastoma (n=51) from September 2015 to September 2017.Expression of TCF7L2 in 97 specimens were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).The chi-square test was applied to analyze the relationship between TCF7L2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics. The overall survival (OS) was analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis, the survival curves were drew by Kaplan-Meier. Univariate and multivariate analysis were utilized to analyze the relationship between prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics including TCF7L2 expression.RESULTS: Compared with low-grade glioma group, the expression of TCF7L2 was significantly increased (p<0.05). TCF7L2 overexpression was associated with large tumor volume (p=0.03), higher WHO grade (p=0.001), and recurrence (p=0.001). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis proved that overexpressed TCF7L2 was related with poor OS (p< 0.05).The multivariate analysis suggested that TCF7L2 expression was an independent prognostic factor.CONCLUSIONS: Our research proved that TCF7L2 was over- expressed in glioblastoma, and, related with tumor prognosis, which, therefore, could be an independent prognostic factor for glioma patients.
Unmet Need for Modern Family Planning and associated factors among Women Attending HIV Care Services at Rural Area Public Health facilities in South Gondar, Ethiopia.
Authors: Adugna Mulgeta , Boke Moges Muluneh , Tariku Amare
Published: December 2020

Introduction: To achieve the elimination of mother to child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), preventing unintended pregnancy and reducing the high unmet need for family planning among HIV positive women was crucial. Despite being crucial little has been known on the unmet need for family planning and its determinants among women living with HIV in the rural area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of unmet need for modern family planning and its determinants among women Attending HIV Care Services at rural Public Health Facilities.Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2020 in rural South Gondar. A total of 931 respondents were included in the study. To recruit respondents a multi-stage sampling technique was used. The data were collected using a pretested and semi-structured questionnaire. Data were entered by Epi data version 4.6 and exported to Stata version 14 for analysis. Variables with a p-value<0.2 in the bivariable logistic regression model were fitted to the multivariable logistic regression model. Adjusted Odds ratio with 95% CI was computed and variables with P-value < 0.05 in the multivariable analysis were taken as significant determinants.Results: The prevalence of unmet need for family planning was 25.67% with 95% CI (22.96­28.58). Age group (35­49) (AOR=6.5,95% CI (2.86,14.66)), education status (9­12) (AOR=0.25,95%CI (0.10,0.61)), history of ever use Contraception (AOR=3.9, 95%CI (2.28, 6.67)), having five and above parity (AOR=5.1, 95%CI (2.08, 12.43)) and not Counselling for contraception (AOR =4.2, 95 CI, (1.91, 9.37)) were determinant for unmet need of contraception among HIV positive women in South Gondar.Conclusion: prevalence of unmet need for family planning was high. It was mainlyInfluenced by last reproductive age group (35-49)), education (9-12), having no experience of contraception use, having five and above parity, and no counseling for contraception. Therefore, family planning programs need to focus on old (35-49) reproductive age women, and multi-para women.