bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Method of application of the disinfectant Farmasin 200 against the association of pathogens of silkworm bacteriosis
Authors: Babaeva G. I. , Vovk D. V. , Degtyar I. I. , Voitenko V. I. , Stepanov V. V. , Dunaiev Yu. K. , Pavlichenko O. V. , Severyn B. S.
Published: December 2024

The article presents a method of controlling bacterial diseases of the mulberry silkworm using the drug Farmazin 200. Its use as a therapeutic agent in a solution with concentrations of 1.0% and 1.5% by feeding with food to infected caterpillars in the IV and V stages helped to reduce the total death of silkworms at the caterpillar and pupal stages. At the same time, the experiment significantly increased the viability of the silkworm and the yield of silk cocoons, and there was a tendency to increase the proportion of varietal cocoons compared to the infected control. The developed method of controlling bacterial diseases of silkworms due to the effectiveness and availability of the drug Farmazin 200 can be used in silkworm feedlots
Biochemical status of cattle depending on physiological state against the background of stress
Authors: Boiko V. S. , Rudenko O. P. , Kovalenko L. V. , Selishcheva N. V. , Postupnyi V. A. , Biben I. A.
Published: December 2024

The study aimed to ascertain the direction and depth of metabolic disorders in the bodies of cows belonging to different physiological groups, kept for a specified period in an environment with temperature exceeding the upper limit of the optimum range for this type of animal. The material for the study was blood serum from cows of different technological groups from one of the farms in the Odesa region of Ukraine. The state of metabolism in animals was determined by the following indicators: total protein, protein profile (albumin, globulins), the concentration of protein breakdown products (urea, creatinine), bilirubin, glucose, and enzyme activity: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP); mineral profile (concentration of total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium) using reagent kits manufactured by Reagent PJSC (Ukraine). The obtained results were processed by the methods of variation statistics using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) software package StatPlus 5.9.8.5 (AnalystSoft Inc., USA). The article presents the results of studies of biochemical parameters in cattle depending on the physiological state against the background of stress (thermal and spontaneous). Significant violations of the studied levels of biochemical parameters in the group “Heifers (2–3 months before calving)” were found: an increase in the level of total protein by 6.9%, the number of globulins by 20.2%, total bilirubin by 29.1%, the activity of ALT and alkaline phosphatase by 20.0 and 18.0 %, respectively, as well as a decrease in the concentration of total calcium by 8.5 %, inorganic phosphorus by 13.1% and magnesium by 20.0%. Such a direction of changes in the group “Heifers (2–3 months before calving)” indicates a decrease in stress resistance in the second half of pregnancy, which disappears after calving, indicating the need for appropriate correction of this condition. It has been established that under the influence of stress, especially in the second half of pregnancy, there is an increase in total protein and globulins and a decrease in the concentration of total Calcium, Magnesium, and inorganic Phosphorus
Oncologia pediátrica: o cuidado centrado no cliente e a aplicação das tecnologias de cuidado em saúde
Authors: Souza Ana Vitória dos Santos , Lopes Hadassa Luiza Pereira , Andrade Juliana Macedo Melo , Meireles Gláucia Oliveira Abreu Batista , Ferreira Marcus Vinícius Ribeiro , Pacheco Diana Ferreira , Goulart Cristina Bretas , Pereira Divinamar
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: Analisar o papel das tecnologias de saúde no cuidado oncológico pediátrico centrado no cliente, com foco na comunicação e no suporte psicossocial oferecido a pacientes e famílias. Metodologia: Os dados foram coletados por meio de artigos qualitativos e quantitativos, disponíveis na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) e em texto completo nas bases LILACS, Medline e BDENF, com recorte a partir de 2005, ano de implementação da Política Nacional de Atenção ao Câncer (PNAO). Utilizaram-se os descritores DeCS/MeSH: "Tecnologia Biomédica AND Pediatria AND Oncologia" e "Tecnologia da Informação AND Pediatria AND Oncologia". Resultados: Tecnologias como telemedicina, aplicativos móveis e plataformas de eHealth mostraram-se eficazes no suporte ao tratamento pediátrico, promovendo comunicação, adesão ao tratamento e suporte emocional a pacientes e familiares. Conclusão: As tecnologias de saúde oferecem um importante suporte ao cuidado oncológico pediátrico. Recomenda-se o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas para ampliar o acesso e garantir a segurança dos dados, promovendo um cuidado mais inclusivo e humanizado.
Le scelte in/conciliabili: Roberto Roversi e la neoavanguardia
Authors: Lo Monaco Giovanna
Published: December 2024

L’articolo esplora il rapporto tra Roversi e la neoavanguardia mettendo in evidenza sia i punti di distanza che quelli di tangenza. Vengono ripercorse le ragioni dell’avversione di Roversi per la neoavanguardia attraverso i suoi articoli, ma viene altresì evidenziato il contrasto tra le dichiarazioni polemiche e le soluzioni adottate nelle opere degli anni Sessanta, in cui Roversi fa ampio uso del montaggio citazionistico, tecnica cardinale dei testi d’avanguardia. Tale convergenza è analizzata esaminando Le descrizioni in atto e Registrazione di eventi: si mostra come l’apparente similarità delle tecniche nasconda procedimenti e ragioni differenti, ma anche come l’avanguardia costituisca un esempio di cui Roversi tiene conto nella ricerca di una letteratura in grado di cogliere le problematiche del presente.
Roversi verde. Il paesaggio in Dopo Campoformio
Authors: Ristagno Federico
Published: December 2024

L’articolo analizza Dopo Campoformio dal punto di vista della critica ecologica, focalizzandosi sul tema del paesaggio. Osservando uno per uno i poemetti che compongono la raccolta, si esaminano caratteristiche e funzioni di esso, rivelando così come il dialogo tra poesia ed ecologia, nell’opera, sia non solo frequentissimo, ma fondamentale. L’aspra denuncia di Roversi nei confronti dell’incipiente neocapitalismo è, infatti, anche una denuncia ecologica, quella di chi vede con i propri occhi le terribili conseguenze di una modernizzazione coatta, che distrugge paesaggi identitari e provoca disastri ambientali.
Roversi, Bologna e gli anni Settanta
Authors: Giovannuzzi Stefano
Published: December 2024

Il saggio esamina la posizione di Roversi, come scrittore e intellettuale, negli anni Settanta e in particolare si concentra sul 1977 e le vicende che a Bologna seguono l’assassinio di Francesco Lorusso. Intellettuale storicamente legato al PCI, Roversi non condivide la chiusura del sindaco Zangheri verso i movimenti giovanili, dei quali peraltro condivide la contestazione della strategia del compromesso storico. Con la rivista «Il cerchio di gesso» apre anzi un fecondo dialogo con il movimento, i cui leader collaborano con il periodico, con le loro ragioni e il loro linguaggio. Si tratta di una svolta decisiva, rispetto all’intellettualismo che caratterizzava «Rendiconti». In questo contesto – che influisce in modo profondo sulla poesia di Roversi – acquista rilievo anche la collaborazione con Lucio Dalla, che agisce come spinta a rivedere il proprio linguaggio alla ricerca di un modo di comunicare rinnovato.
«Un coltello nella schiena del mondo». Lucio Dalla, la crisi della forma canzone e testi «intoccabili» di Roberto Roversi
Authors: Tomatis Jacopo
Published: December 2024

La collaborazione fra Roversi e Dalla – che comprende i brani raccolti in Il giorno aveva cinque teste (1973), Anidride solforosa (1975) e Automobili (1976), oltre ad alcuni inediti – rappresenta un unicum nella storia del rapporto fra canzone e poesia in Italia: per la quantità di materiale prodotto, per la continuità del rapporto fra i due e per le modalità della collaborazione stessa. Roversi si approccia alla forma canzone da sperimentatore autodidatta, ignorando le convenzioni del lavoro del paroliere. Dalla, dal canto suo, tratta i testi fornitigli dal poeta come «intoccabili», sviluppando originali strategie per musicarli, nel contesto di una fase di grande innovazione del pop internazionale e di una generale crisi della forma-canzone.
«Un’interminabile luciferino Settecento». Il meridiano critico di Roberto Rovers
Authors: Ritrovato Salvatore
Published: December 2024

Il presente contributo perlustra le ragioni e le modalità con cui Roberto Roversi costruisce la sua antologia della poesia arcadica dagli albori del Settecento al Parini. Di là dalla specifica commissione editoriale, il volume costituisce per Roversi un momento essenziale per mettere a punto la sua visione critica di un secolo decisivo quale fu il XVIII, spogliato da ogni schematismo interpretativo e colto nella sua complessità, con i dettagli, le sfumature, i sentieri talvolta affatto liminali dei singoli autori affrontati.
Memoria e lutto in Fragmentos de un libro futuro di José Ángel Valente
Authors: Pérez-Ugena Julio
Published: December 2024

Partendo dal carattere luttuoso nei motivi, nei temi, e nel disegno strutturale dell’ultimo libro di José Ángel Valente, in questo saggio mi soffermo anche sulle modalità con cui il lutto si manifesta nella sua lingua e prosodia. Ho cercato quindi di mostrare come il lutto non sia relativo solo alla morte, sia intrinseco alla scrittura e possa essere fecondo per la poesia, per il poeta e per il lettore. Dalla meditazione sulle esperienze personali a quella sulle catastrofi storiche, ivi comprese quelle spirituali, la poesia di Valente, consapevole della propria fragilità, si modula nella molteplicità della “controparola” legata alla memoria di fronte alla violenza della storia.
Franz Kafka e Italo Svevo
Authors: Bertocchini Lavinia
Published: December 2024

Il presente contributo intende proporre un’indagine circa le similarità nell’opera e nella biografia di Franz Kafka e Italo Svevo. Caratterizzati entrambi da un’identità letteraria irrinunciabile da difendere e preservare nel mondo severo delle convenzioni borghesi occidentali, e insieme dal forte e altrettanto contraddittorio legame con le origini ebraiche, l’esistenza di Kafka e Svevo è costantemente divisa fra autenticità e apparenza, fra integrazione e esclusione, fra il bisogno di alimentare la propria natura di scrittore da una parte, e quello di riconoscersi in un ruolo sociale dall’altra. Di questa profonda scissione insita nella loro persona sono chiara espressione i racconti a tema animale, che, assumendo spesso la struttura parabolica della tradizione ebraica, mettono in scena in modo efficace il dissidio interiore comune ai due autori.
Onychoscopic Evaluation of Inflammatory Nail Disorder and Their Relationship with Disease Duration: A Clinical Descriptive Study
Authors: Al-Dhalimi Muhsin A. , Mahdi Nabaa Abdul-Ameer
Published: December 2024

Background: Nail diseases are common problems that often exhibit diagnostic challenge for many dermatologists especially when nails are primarily affected without skin involvement. Nail dermoscopy is a simple, non-invasive tool, that became a valuable diagnostic aid for evaluating nail changes associated with various dermatological diseases. Objective: This study aimed to highlight the key onychoscopic features of major inflammatory nail diseases and correlate these findings to the duration of the disease. Patients and Method: A cross sectional clinical descriptive study was performed on 105 patients with inflammatory skin diseases and clinically evident nail changes (25 with psoriasis, 25 with dermatitis, 20 with lichen planus, 15 with connective tissue diseases, 10 with autoimmune bullous dermatoses and 10 with alopecia areata). The study was conducted from October 2021 to October 2022. Demographic variables were recorded, and nail dermoscopic findings were described using a handheld polarized dermoscopy Dermlite DL100 (10x). Then the data were collected and statistically analysed.  Results: In psoriasis, the most common onychoscopic signs were pitting (64%) and dilated capillaries at the hyponychium (64%) which showed a positive relation to early disease duration with p-value 0.05. In patients with dermatitis, the most common onychoscopic sign was dilated capillaries at the onychodermal band seen in (48%) of patients, a new dermoscopic sign; nail beading, was recorded in (24%) of patients. In patients with lichen planus, the most common sign was longitudinal ridging seen in (60%), dilated capillaries at the onychodermal band which is a newly reported sign in nail lichen planus was observed in (20%) with a significant relation to early disease duration with p-value 0.003. In Connective tissue diseases, tortuous capillaries were seen in (100%) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. In autoimmune bullous dermatoses, the most common signs were Beau’s lines and onychomadesis seen in (100%) of patients. In Alopecia areata patients, the most common sign was scaly cuticles seen in (80%) of patients, and no significant relation to disease duration was recognized in the studied group. Conclusion: Onychoscopy is a very useful non-invasive bedside tool for evaluating inflammatory nail disorders to reinforce the presumptive clinical diagnosis and helps to avoid invasive methods, in addition to guiding the management and prognosis of some nail disorders.
Evaluation of Health Care Workers’ Knowledge about Integrated Management of Neonate and Child Health Program in Najaf Governorate/Iraq
Authors: Rasoul Hussian Nadhim , Farman Hassan Ali , Raheem Saad Saleem
Published: December 2024

Background: Over 6 million children in the developing countries died due to avoidable illnesses, mostly pneumonia and diarrhea. The Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) program was launched by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1992. This program aims to provide a comprehensive approach to managing the primary causes of illness and death in children. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive research study was carried out in 26 healthcare centers located in 6 districts of Najaf governorate, using the method of simple random sampling. The research study included a group of 111 healthcare workers. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the IMNCH skills of healthcare workers. The data collection got started on December 31, 2023, and finished on March 31, 2024. Results: The study findings indicated a significant level of high knowledge among healthcare workers. Additionally, a statistically significant link was observed between the healthcare workers' place of residence and their knowledge (P=0.05), suggesting that individuals living in urban regions have higher levels of knowledge compared to those residing in rural areas. Conclusion: Healthcare workers showed a high level of knowledge regarding IMNCH information, and the knowledge was strongly related to the healthcare worker's residences place and years of experience.
Evaluation of Serum Levels of Uric acid and Bilirubin in Iraqi Patients with Rosacea
Authors: Al abdullah Mohammad J. , Al Hattab Mohammed , Abbas Zahraa Jameel
Published: December 2024

Background: Rosacea is a chronic  inflammatory skin disease that affects the face with no clear etiology. It is distinguished by prominent involvement of the central face with erythema that may be permanent or temporary, inflammatory pustules , papules and telangiectasia or connective tissue hyperplasia. The role of uric acid and bilirubin in the pathogenesis of rosacea is explained by two theories. The first one states that uric acid and bilirubin alleviate rosacea by their antioxidant effects, while the second one postulates that uric acid exacerbate rosacea by its proinflammatory effects. Aim of study: The purpose of this study is to evaluate serum levels of bilirubin and uric acid in patients with rosacea and compare them with control group. Methodology: This is a case-control study that included 80 subjects (40 patients and 40 controls) and was performed at Al Sader medical city/ dermatology outpatient clinic in Al Najaf city, from the 1st of January 2022 to the end of December 2022. Patients were recorded (age, sex, family history of rosacea), as well as clinical information (duration of illness, involvement sites, and rosacea subtypes). Blood samples were taken from all participants and the values of total bilirubin and uric acid were recorded. Results: The present study reported female predominance. Erythemato-telangiectatic rosacea was the most common type. Serum uric acid and bilirubin levels were significantly lower in the rosacea group than the control group. Conclusions: The  study supports the hypothesis of antioxidant activity of uric acid and bilirubin and  in contrast with the hypothesis of proinflammatory activity of uric acid.
Association of Abnormal Serum Bilirubin and Liver enzymes in Iraqi Patients with Metabolic Syndrome (A cross-sectional study)
Authors: Ali Duaa Hussein , Shareef Rawaa Hadi
Published: December 2024

Background: Metabolic syndrome affects people worldwide. Hypertension, insulin resistance, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and pro-inflammatory state are cardiometabolic risk factors. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of haemoglobin. Recent studies show that small bilirubin elevations can protect tissue and control oxidative stress and inflammation. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is primarily located in the liver but also in the heart, kidneys, and muscles. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is present in the liver, kidneys, skeletal and cardiac muscles, and brain. Objectives: The study aims to assess the impact of bilirubin and liver enzymes on the components and severity of metabolic syndrome(Obesity, fasting blood glucose, Triglycerides, HDL, and blood pressure). Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the diabetes center in Al-Najaf City, Iraq, from October 2023 to February 2024. Age, gender, blood pressure, height, weight, fasting blood glucose, bilirubin, ALT&AST, triglycerides, and HDL were examined in 122 Mets patients. Results: The study results show a significant difference (P<0.05) in the levels of bilirubin(0.9280±0.03783), ALT(12.8934±0.40234), and AST (22.0410 ± 0.89667) among individuals with metabolic syndrome. Also, the study found a significant difference in ALT levels between overweight (19.8409±1.17134), obese (24.0192±.96722), and normal BMI persons (13.7692±.84909). A significant difference in AST levels was observed between those with normal BMI (16.0000±1.29970) and those with overweight (21.3182±1.72740) or obesity (22.4615±.93791). Between BMI groups, bilirubin levels were not substantially different. The study found a positive correlation between ALT and AST with fasting blood glucose and triglyceride. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome patients have greater liver enzyme levels than others, which increases insulin resistance and oxidative stress, increasing MS risk. Furthermore, liver aminotransferases have the potential to induce diabetes. Furthermore, increased triglyceride levels led to the release of greater hepatic enzyme concentrations; however, total bilirubin and MS do not correlate.
Evaluation of Knowledge and Attitude toward Diabetes among Adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus attending Diabetes and Endocrine Center in Babylon Governorate/ Iraq
Authors: Jasim Haneen Mohammed , Hameed Huda Ghazi
Published: December 2024

Background: Diabetes is a lifelong chronic condition that is becoming more common in both industrialized and developing countries. People who have diabetes are more likely than those who do not to experience a wide range of illnesses. Aim: to measure the knowledge and attitude among diabetic adolescents and find their relationship with socio-demographic features of patients, their families, clinical history, family history, and lifestyle features.  Patient and methods: a Cross -sectional study carried out at a diabetic and endocrine center included 300 Adolescents aged 13–19 years who were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus by clinicians and attended the center from October first, 2023, to February first, 2024. The questionnaire included: - Socio-demographic features of the participants and their families, Knowledge about Diseases, attitude of the patient toward disease, SPSS version 26 was used to analyze data and a P value≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant.  Results: patients' mean knowledge and attitude scores were significantly higher for older age group patients, urban residence, higher level of education, older parents, family history of the disease, longer duration of disease and current smoking. (P< 0.05), high mean score of knowledge was found among those with retired fathers and older mothers. higher mean attitude score was found among engaged patients. Conclusion: The result of the present study showed about two-third of the participants had good knowledge scores while only half had good attitude score. older age, higher education, living in urban areas, lived with disease for more than 5 years, had a family history of disease and smoking are significant determinants of knowledge and attitude.
IL-35 and IL-10 Role in The Immune Response of Colorectal Cancer in Iraqi Patients
Authors: Muhammed Saja J. , Abdullah Ahmed Rushdi , Khalil Nawar Sahib
Published: December 2024

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is presented in the colon and rectum (large intestine) and the disease is expanding worldwide, CRC ranks as the third most common cancer worldwide and cervical cancer is the fourth most common locally. It is strongly linked to bad lifestyle factors. The study of the immunosuppressive status of CRC patients through screening and laboratory tests is crucial and is one of the priorities now. The objective of this study is to assess the immune response to colorectal cancer by measuring the serum concentrations of IL-35 and IL-10.  Methods: The study has been approved by the College of Medical Al-Iraqia University. 100 male and female patients from the medical city and Al-kadhimiya hospitals suffering from problems in the colon and rectum participated in this study, they donated 5 ml of their blood which lasted for five months (from Aug. 2023 until Jun. 2024). The participants were divided into 2 groups: the 1st one contained CRC patients, while the 2nd contained Colorectal problems other than CRC.ELISA tests for IL-35 and IL-10 serum level estimation were used. Demographic data such as age, gender, address, and medical history were collected from the study participants. Results: The serum levels of IL-35 and IL-10 in CRC patients showed significant differences (P<0.05) when compared with the control group. Conclusion: IL-35 and IL-10 significantly appeared as indicators for the immune suppressive status of CRC patients.
The Effect of siRNA Transfection on the ARID3A and ERIC3A Gene Expression in Various Cell Lines Invitro
Authors: Yassin Ayshan R.
Published: December 2024

Background: Thousands of distinct long non-coding RNAs are encoded in the human genome, and it is becoming clear that these transcripts play a crucial role in controlling gene expression and cell destiny. However, the transcriptional control of their expression is not well understood. The long noncoding RNA E2f1-regulated inhibitor of cell death (ERICD) is essential for inducing both cell death and proliferation and is a critical downstream target of the tumor suppressor. However, E2F-dependent transcription is triggered by ARID3A's binding to the E2F transcription factor. Aim of the study: Detection of the expression level of ARID3A and ERICD by transfection of siRNA and comparison with normal and negative control. Material and methods:  Osteosarcoma cells (U2OS) were performed for ERICD and ARID3A expression. Experiments including overexpression and knockdown of ARID3A and a knockdown of ERICD were conducted. Assays for colony development and migration were also carried out in U2OS. The siRNA was used for the inhibition of both ERICD and ARID3A in U2OS. Extraction of mRNA from U2OS then converting to cDNA by using random primer then qPCR was used for detection of bands. Results: This investigation demonstrated that is the indirect pathway through which ARID3A and ERICD interact. In addition, ERICD and ARID3A exhibit carcinogenic properties in osteosarcoma. The discovery of a unique interaction between the ERICD and ARID3A marks a significant advancement in the understanding of lncRNAs that target DNA-binding proteins. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of ARID3A and ERICD significantly decreased colony formation and hindered cell migration in U2OS. Conversely, overexpression of ARID3A verified a noteworthy enhancement in wound closure and heightened capacity of U2OS cells to form colonies. Conclusions: ARID3A and ERICD have roles in transcription factors for the expression of cancer cells. During the transfection of siRNA, both genes inhibited cancer cells. ERICD when compared with non-transfected normal cells showed a significant decrease in the level.
Neurobiology of Sweet Cravings: The Brain’s Reward System Response to Hedonic Eating
Authors: Rezaieg Nour Shakir
Published: December 2024

Background: Energy homeostasis is not an easy algebraic sum of energy intake and energy spending, where it is a dynamic process affected by affects by the relation between energy expenditure and food intake. By complex nervous system including the hypothalamic centers and peripheral satiety system the energy homeostasis is controlled. Peripheral satiety mechanisms released peptides and hormones which in turn regulate metabolism or impacts on satiation. Sweet foods have high calories disrupts appetite regulation and induce the pleasure and reward system, so, it count to be an main source of stimulation that may leads to overeat and contribute to the evolution of the obesity. Sweet foods consume impact on hunger-satiety mechanism, assisting starting of consumption in absence of energy needs and keeping of feeding in spite of intake of huge food loads that risk homeostasis. consumption of too much amounts of sweet foods depend  on mechanisms that advance behaviors addictive-like, and on bypassing the neuroendocrine cues that protect inner environment.
Evaluation of Some Haematological Inflammatory Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Relationship with Glycemic Control and Disease Complications
Authors: Ouda Ghsin Al-ban Adnan , Rasheed Suaad Mohammed H.
Published: December 2024

Background: Haematological inflammatory indices is a cheap, available and practical laboratory markers reflect the inflammatory process. purpose: to investigate the association between some haematolgical indices and diabetes control and complications in Iraqi diabetic patients.  Methods: In a case-control study, 78 patients with a documented history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were recruited and matched in regard to age and sex with 57 non diabetic volunteers. RBS, HbA1c and CBP were analyzed. Results: diabetic patients had higher but non-significant increments in platelets, absolute neutrophil count, absolute lymphocyte count, Neutrophil Lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and Platelets Lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in comparison to controls. The mean platelets count was significant higher in patients with poor glycemic control in compared to patients with good glycemic control, (269.3 ± 16.53 vs. 206.33 ± 20.26) respectively, (P <0.001) while the NLR and PLR not associated with glycemic control. The studied hematological indices were associated but with no statistical significant with diabetic complications (P< 0.05). Conclusion: hematological parameters not associated with diabetes control or complications in Iraqi patients.
Assessment of the Anticancer Effects of Simvastatin on Human Osteosarcoma and Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Naeem Sarah Mazin , Hussein Ayad Ali
Published: December 2024

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) and osteosarcoma (OS) and all other cancers represents one of the most challenger issues to the humanity for long time, due to their associated sever health lesions, emotional and psychological hardships, and significant economic encumbrances. Adding to that, the poor curing fate achieved with current therapeutic strategies of cancer. The invention of new drugs for cancer treatment required long time reaching to years as well as consuming the huge money budget, so that the focusing on the aspect of the repositioning of conventional drugs (like simvastatin) has gradually take a large consideration as they can participate in the alleviation of cancer treatment burden in view of this work promising results and preceding hopeful findings and conclusions have been obtained from the studies conducted in this field. The Aim: assessment of the cytotoxic effects of a lipid lowering drug, simvastatin, in human CRC and OS cells. Methods: SW480 (CRC) and MG-63 (OS) cell lines were utilized in this work and have been treated with various doses of simvastatin, then its cytotoxic effects have been evaluated by MTT assay. Thereafter, the VEGF and GDF-15 suppression effects of simvastatin have been measured in SW480 and MG-63 cells. Results: exposure of CRC and OS cells to simvastatin resulted in significant cellular growth inhibition, and VEGF and GDF-15 suppression effects. Conclusions: Simvastatin has a promising antineoplastic potential and its role in cancer therapy cannot be underestimated, and encourage the utilization and surveying of other preexisting drugs in cancer treatment path.
Evaluation of Health Care Workers’ Knowledge about Acute Flaccid Paralysis in Najaf City/Iraq
Authors: Jasim Hala J. , Hassan Naja H.
Published: December 2024

Background: Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) is a severe clinical symptom that could have a variety of different causes. Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is a clinical symptom characterized by the sudden onset of weakness or paralysis and decreased muscle tone (less periodic muscles of the respiratory tract). It occurs in 0.1–1% of infected cases and is the most frequent clinical manifestation of acute poliovirus infection[1]. Methods: A study of cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in 18 primary healthcare centers located in 2 districts of Najaf city, using the method of simple random sampling technique.  The research study includes 210 primary healthcare workers. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the acute flaccid paralysis knowledge of healthcare workers.  Data collection from November 1, 2023, to the of February 31, 2024. Results: The study revealed a significant level of moderate knowledge among healthcare workers. Additionally, a statistically significant link was observed between the healthcare workers' levels of education and their knowledge (P < 0.00),    Considering years of experience, the findings indicate that a greater proportion of healthcare workers (34%) with <1-5 years of experience had strong knowledge compared to those with other levels of experience , with a p-value of 0.005. Conclusion: Healthcare workers showed a moderate level of knowledge regarding Acute Flaccid Paralysis information, and the knowledge was strongly related to the healthcare worker's levels of education and years of experience.
Relevance Of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism 1978124 With Hypertension In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hummady Shaimaa Addai , Algenabi Abdul Hussein Alwan
Published: December 2024

Background: Cardio vascular disease is public in diabetes. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2 is a recently described member of the RAS, and this study examined ACE2 polymorphism is associated with hypertension and in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).it was linked to enlarged chances hypertension was significant peripheral vascular issues, including both macro- and micro-vascular complications. Aim of study: To evaluate the risk of ACE2 gene polymorphism (rs1978124) in the development of Hypertension also to estimate the ACE2 levels in the recruited individuals. Method: the study is case control from September 2023 Variant ACE2 (rs1978124) examined in 200 Iraqi subjects diabetic. 90 hypertensive diabetic patients (case group) and 110 normotensive diabetic patients (control group) were included. Patients age>30 years old. diagnosed by physicians having T2DMwith and without Hypertension. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) used to detect the A/G alleles. Results: The results for rs1978124 in HT diabetic patients with, as well as in NT diabetic control were analyzed after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI was no statistically significant in all hereditary models and the minor allele frequency analysis, showed no significant differences. Conclusion: ACE2 gene polymorphism rs1978124 is non linked to the hypertension in T2DM Iraqi peoples
Dental Students and General Practitioners’ Knowledge about Oral Mucosal Variations: A Survey-Based Analysis
Authors: Jamal Noori Rania , Jalil Fatimah , Yousif Rashid Shahad , Ayad Taha Mina
Published: December 2024

Background: Dentists have the capability to improve our population's oral and general health by early detection, appropriate management, and referral of oral mucosal variations because many systemic disorders have oral symptoms, many of which appear before their systemic counterparts. This paper is dedicated to assess the knowledge of Iraqi general practitioners and senior dental students about common oral mucosal variations. This cross-sectional study included (71) general dentists graduated from Iraqi dental schools and (279) senior dental students. A questionnaire form was created with slides showing various oral conditions with questions on each slide to gauge the respondent's awareness of the diagnosis. For data analyzing Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 were used. Results showed that the number of correct diagnoses of pathological and non-pathological oral conditions ranged from (18.3%-98.6%) and (15.5%-98.5%) for dental students and general dentists, respectively, and the most frequently diagnosed lesion was oral squamous cell carcinoma (97.7%) while lingual thyroid was the most frequently incorrectly diagnosed (18%). In conclusions more training for Iraqi general practitioners and senior dental students is needed to provide better oral health care.
Assessment of Trace elements (Zinc, Copper) in Iraqi Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Dialysis
Authors: Alturfi Ahmed Alaa Saleem , Hamzah Mohammed Imran
Published: December 2024

Background: In the context of insufficient healthcare accessibility for a substantial segment of the global populace, chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as a significant contributor to mortality, ranked subsequent to cardiovascular disease and neoplasia, demonstrating a notable increase over the preceding two decades. This rising burden of CKD is further exacerbated by a deficient understanding of its underlying pathogenesis. Therefore, it was important to study all the variables in the human body that contribute to monitoring the patient's condition or preventing the patient's condition from deteriorating. In this study, we highlighted some trace elements (zinc and copper), and monitored the change in these elements between patients and healthy people. We indicated the possibility of monitoring the results of tests for these elements to predict the condition of patients from the first stage to the final stages of chronic renal failure patients on dialysis. purpose: To assess the trace elements (zinc, copper) in Chronic kidney disease patients compared with healthy control. Methods: A total forty (40) patient with chronic kidney disease were studied among them twenty (20) female and twenty (20) male patients and forty (40) healthy as control of them were eighteen (18) females and twenty-two (22) males. Their ages (patients and controls) were ranged from (18 – 70). Blood samples were collected from patients and control to evaluate serum levels of serum trace elements (zinc, copper) and evaluate the routine markers (urea, creatinine, Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase) and this was done by spectrophotometry. Results The Zinc levels in the patients (80.69±51.30 μg/dl) were lower than in the control group (97.42±38.61 μg/dl) (p=0.10773) and The Copper levels in the patients are significantly higher (116.33±71.20 μg/dl) than in the control group (74.77±46.16 μg/dl) (p=0.00304). while The Alanine Aminotransferase and Aspartate Aminotransferase levels in the patients are lower than in the control group, but the difference is not statistically significant for ALT (p=0.13235) and is significant for AST (p=0.02982). the Alkaline Phosphatase, Urea, and Serum Creatinine levels in the patients were all significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.00001 for all). Conclusion: A notable elevation in alkaline phosphatase and copper levels is observed in chronic kidney disease patients, alongside a modest decrease in serum zinc in those with end-stage chronic kidney disease compared to healthy individuals, indicating these biomarkers' potential diagnostic utility in advanced stages of the disease. The correlation between AST/ALT and CKD progression highlights the impact of liver enzyme alterations during chronic kidney disease.
Metal Toxicity: Significant Health Assessment
Authors: Tiwari Babita , Fatima Ghizal , Hadi Najah , Qassam Heider
Published: December 2024

Background: The deleterious effects of these heavy metals are contingent on the quantity ingested, the issue of exposure mode, exposure duration, and whether it is acute or chronic. Additionally, heavy metals interfere with numerous cellular functions, encompassing growth, proliferation, differentiation, DNA damage repair, and programmed cell death. This disturbance can lead to various diseases and inflict significant damage. Heavy metal toxicity alters the operation of the central nervous system, resulting in cognitive dysfunction, alterations in blood parameters, and impairment of liver, kidney, and lung functions, among other crucial physiological activities, culminating in the exacerbation of diverse human illnesses. Prolonged presence and consumption of heavy metals in the organism's body worsen the progression of somatic, neuromuscular, and neurodegenerative processes that mimic specific situations such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Heavy metals mimic hormonal functions, causing changes in the functioning of the endocrine system. Consequently, efforts should be focused on reducing human exposure and the build-up of heavy metals in the body due to anthropogenic and industrial activities to prevent detrimental health issues. This article delivers a thorough analysis of seven individual metals, and their toxicity including lead, cadmium, chromium, iron, arsenic, aluminium, mercury, etc., elucidating their toxic mechanisms, environmental presence, the potential for human exposure, and toxicity-induced health consequences such as nephrotoxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. a potential future research avenue could involve investigating the efficacy of chelation therapy on a large scale for the management of metal poisoning.
Community participation through co-production and social accountability in Zambia: mapping primary health care actors and interfaces
Authors: Zulu Joseph Mumba , Kamanga Aniset , Ngosa Lupenshyo , Shakwelele Hilda , Mulenga Winfridah , Chihinga Roy , Silumbwe Adam , Wilmink Nikhil
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Community participation is central to primary health care (PHC). However, there remains limited research on the practices of community involvement in PHC. This study aimed to inform the Zambian PHC agenda, by documenting key actors, their roles, interactions and available spaces or interfaces for engaging in community participation, as well as to identify the enabling conditions/mechanisms, and barriers underpinning community participation.
Methods: We used exploratory qualitative methods consisting semi-structured interviews with Community Health Assistants (CHAs) (n=10), healthcare workers (n=7) and traditional leaders (n=7). Additionally, focus group discussions were conducted with Neighbourhood Health Committees (NHCS) members (n=53) and community members (n=57). Data were analysed using thematic analysis.
Results: The CHAs, health workers and traditional leaders acted as the key intermediaries between health facilities and communities, driving co-production and social accountability processes. Traditional leaders and civil society organizations often served as initial catalysts of community participation, enabling the subsequent roles of the CHAs, while health centres and NHCs provided the spaces and platforms for community members to shape their involvement in participatory activities. Co-production entailed community contributions such as labour and participation in decision-making at health facilities. Social accountability took the form of suggestion boxes and informal feedback from traditional leaders. Several contextual barriers limited participation, including undefined roles for processes of community engagement, the lack of a comprehensive engagement strategy, and the exclusion of CHAs in health facility processes.
Conclusion: The CHAs and their roles, alongside those of other actors, were pivotal in supporting both co-production and social accountability processes. Strengthening community participation in primary health requires clearly defining the roles of various actors through the development of comprehensive community engagement strategies.
Educação motora: perspectiva de mudança qualitativa para a educação física
Authors: Brandl Neto Inácio
Published: December 2024

Na atualidade, visualiza-se a Educação Motora como um caminho extremamente significativo para mudanças qualitativas na Educação Física. Este trabalho apresenta, de maneira breve, os pressupostos inerentes a essa alternativa educacional, abordando as possibilidades de uma prática pedagógica voltada para crianças, baseada na corporeidade e nos princípios sistêmicos. A Educação Motora propõe uma ruptura com o paradigma tradicional dualista, enfatizando a totalidade do ser humano, suas interações com o meio e a valorização da aprendizagem como um processo dinâmico e interativo.
Crescimento físico e ambienten de vida: influências positivas e negativas
Authors: Corseuil Herton Xavier
Published: December 2024

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar as influências positivas ou negativas das características e variáveis ambientais sobre o crescimento físico de escolares de 7 a 14 anos de Marechal Cândido Rondon - PR. Mais especificamente, foram analisados o comportamento das variáveis antropométricas estatura e peso corporal. Participaram da amostra 1.185 escolares de ambos os sexos, matriculados nas escolas públicas do município. Como instrumento de coleta foram utilizados uma balança e um estadiómetro (para peso e estatura, respectivamente), além de um questionário com questões fechadas para o levantamento das variáveis ambientais (socioeconômicas e culturais). Os resultados podem estar indicando a influência das variáveis ambientais sobre os índices de crescimento apresentados pelas crianças. Embora tenham sido encontrados índices de peso e estatura corporal abaixo do normal, salienta-se que os índices normais e acima do normal prevalecem. Assim, conclui-se que o comportamento do crescimento físico dos escolares investigados, de maneira geral, demonstra-se em condições similares de normalidade, quando comparado ao padrão referencial. Ainda, constatou-se a existência de forte relação entre as condições de vida e índices de crescimento, pela observação de diferenças nas dimensões corporais dos escolares, quando consideradas algumas características do contexto de desenvolvimento, reforçando a necessidade de que investigações desta natureza não devem deixar de considerar as influências do ambiente, as quais podem estar afetando os índices de crescimento das crianças.
Avaliação do ensino-aprendizagem em educação física
Authors: Altmann Idette Arantes , Peres Luís Sérgio
Published: December 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o processo de avaliação do ensino-aprendizagem em Educação Física, verificando seu significado e buscando novas referências para conduzir metodologicamente esse processo. Realizou-se um estudo bibliográfico sobre fatores que influenciam a avaliação, como as tendências da Educação Física brasileira, a concepção de Educação Física escolar e o próprio processo avaliativo. Concluiu-se que a avaliação tem sido frequentemente entendida como um requisito burocrático ou como ferramenta para selecionar alunos para competições e apresentações, frequentemente limitando-se à presença do aluno ou à execução de gestos técnicos. Contudo, uma abordagem mais participativa e integrada ao projeto pedagógico da escola pode considerar as implicações pedagógicas, políticas e sociais da avaliação. Isso inclui aspectos de conhecimento, habilidades, atitudes e conduta social, enfatizando que alunos e professores compartilham responsabilidades no processo avaliativo.
Formas de ensinar utilizadas nas primeiras quatro séries do ensino fundamental por profissionais de educação física da rede pública municipal de Marechal Cândido Rondon - PR
Authors: Brandl Neto Inácio
Published: December 2024

Este estudo foi desenvolvido com um grupo de professores em 1999 e com outro em 2000. Teve como objetivos verificar a(s) forma (s) de ensinar que foram utilizadas pelos docentes de Educação Física que atuaram na rede municipal de Marechal Cândido Rondon (PR) nestes anos, e fazer as devidas orientações. Num primeiro momento (1º semestre), foram realizadas constatações sobre as quais formas de ensinar os profissionais de Educação Física predominantemente aplicaram no cotidiano de suas aulas, através de descrições das atividades desenvolvidas- pesquisa qualitativa. Para isso foram criadas quatro categorias de análise baseadas em vários autores. São elas: diretiva, semi diretiva, não diretiva, e relacional. Após as constatações, foi mostrado e discutido o resultado de cada docente envolvido na pesquisa e realizadas as devidas orientações, baseadas na Educação Motora. Depois, num segundo momento (2º semestre), repetiu-se o procedimento, e dessa maneira, pode-se perceber, ou não, mudanças. Logo após cada aula observada no 2º semestre, aconteceu reunião entre o pesquisador/orientador e o docente ministrante, onde foram discutidas a forma de ensinar e soluções alternativas para as atividades. Os resultados foram expressivos, pois, nos dois anos conseguiu-se reverter os resultados diretivos encontrados no 1º semestre, para atitudes relacionais no 2º, mostrando assim, a importância da Educação Continuada (no caso, acompanhamento pós-universitário) como modelo primordial para a obtenção de mudanças qualitativas para a Educação.