bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity Promotion Message Perceptions Biased by Motivational Dispositions
Authors: Wilson Kathryn E. , Estabrooks Paul A.
Published: March 2020

Background

The delivery of physical activity (PA) promotion messages is an important component of any PA intervention. Gain‐framed messages appear beneficial for prevention (rather than detection) behaviors such as PA, but the effects are small and inconsistent. It is possible that these effects are moderated by motivational traits, but this has not been systematically tested in the context of PA promotion messages. This study tested whether motivational traits interact with message features to influence basic subjective perceptions of a standardised set of very brief PA promotion statements.

Methods

Fifteen statements were developed across five conditions, manipulated according to frame and kernel state. Participants (n = 800) rated statement content using semantic differential scales reflecting perceived gains/losses, costs/benefits, and positive/negative outcomes. Traits and PA were measured by survey.

Results

Structural equation models revealed that ratings of gain‐framed statements were positively related to approach motivation, and ratings of loss‐framed statements were negatively related to avoidance motivation.

Conclusions

Observations support the presence of a congruency effect of motivational traits and message frame on basic perceptions of message content. Future studies should test the impact of these biases on indices of persuasion (attitude and intention) as well as intervention reach and effectiveness.
Measurable residual disease assessment by qPCR in peripheral blood is an informative tool for disease surveillance in childhood acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Juul‐Dam Kristian Løvvik , Ommen Hans B. , Nyvold Charlotte G. , Walter Christiane , Vålerhaugen Helen , Kairisto Veli , Abrahamsson Jonas , Alm Sofie J. , Jahnukainen Kirsi , Lausen Birgitte , Reinhardt Dirk , Zeller Bernward , von Neuhoff Nils , Fogelstrand Linda , Hasle Henrik
Published: March 2020

Serial assessments of measurable (or minimal) residual disease (MRD) by qPCR may identify nascent relapse in children with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and enable pre‐emptive therapy. We investigated the kinetics and prognostic impact of recurrent fusion transcripts (RUNX1‐RUNX1T1, CBFB‐MYH11, KMT2A‐MLLT3 or KMT2A‐ELL) in 774 post‐induction samples from bone marrow (BM, 347) and peripheral blood (PB, 427) from 75 children with AML. BM MRD persistence during consolidation did not increase the risk of relapse, and MRD at therapy completion did not correlate to outcome (HR = 0·64/MRD log reduction (CI: 0·32–1·26), P = 0·19). In contrast, 8/8 patients with detectable MRD in PB after first consolidation relapsed. Persistence (n = 4) and shifting from negative to positive (n = 10) in PB during follow‐up predicted relapse in 14/14 patients. All 253 PB samples collected during follow‐up from 36 patients in continuous complete remission were MRD negative. In core‐binding factor AML, persistent low‐level MRD positivity in BM during follow‐up was frequent but an increment to above 5 × 10−4 heralded subsequent haematological relapse in 12/12 patients. We demonstrate that MRD monitoring in PB after induction therapy is highly informative and propose an MRD increment above 5 × 10−4 in PB and BM as a definition of molecular relapse since it always leads to haematological relapse.
Trends in clinical and oncological outcomes of robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy before and after the 2012 US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation against PSA screening: a decade of experience
Authors: Seetharam Bhat Kulthe Ramesh , Moschovas Marcio Covas , Onol Fikret F. , Sandri Marco , Rogers Travis , Roof Shannon , Rocco Bernardo , Patel Vipul R.
Published: March 2020

Objective

To assess the influence of the 2012 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation against prostate‐specific antigen (PSA)‐based screening on oncological and functional outcomes following robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP).

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively analysed patients who underwent RALP between 2008 and 2018 with a minimum of 12‐month follow‐up from a prospectively collected institutional review board‐approved database. The impact of the USPSTF recommendation against PSA screening on our surgical outcomes was assessed using a logistic regression model using two groups comprising patients treated before/after the USPSTF statement and indicating time trends for each successive year.

Results

The mean preoperative PSA increased from 6.0 to 7.4 ng/mL after the USPSTF recommendation. We detected statistically significant time‐trend changes after 2012, including an increase in the positive slope of Gleason ≥3 + 4 or ≥pT3 disease. We detected a fall in bilateral full nerve‐sparing and an increase in partial nerve‐sparing. The total positive surgical margin (PSM) rate increased after the USPSTF recommendation; however, PSM rates pertinent to each pathological stage did not change significantly after 2012. There was a significant negative trend change in the postoperative 12‐month continence and potency rates, indicating a breakpoint in functional outcomes after 2012. We detected a 1.7‐fold increase in 12‐month biochemical recurrence (BCR) rates. The 12‐month BCR, potency and continence rates were maintained in young (<55 years) patients with a Sexual Health Inventory for Men score >22 and low‐volume disease.

Conclusion

Since the USPSTF’s recommendation in 2012, we have seen a significant increase in the incidence of high‐risk disease that has forced us to modify our approach to the procedure and the grade of nerve‐sparing used, leading to a wider resection, in order to reduce PSMs. This has led to a decrease in postoperative functional recovery. Patients with favourable characteristics had good outcomes before and after the USPSTF’s recommendation, implying that the quality of surgery did not change over time.
Why the –omic future of Apicomplexa should include gregarines
Authors: Boisard Julie , Florent Isabelle
Published: March 2020

Gregarines, a polyphyletic group of apicomplexan parasites infecting mostly non‐vertebrates hosts, remains poorly known at taxonomic, phylogenetic and genomic levels. However, it represents an essential group for understanding evolutionary history and adaptive capacities of apicomplexan parasites to the remarkable diversity of their hosts. Because they have a mostly extracellular lifestyle, gregarines have developed other cellular developmental forms and host–parasite interactions, compared with their much better studied apicomplexan cousins, intracellular parasites of vertebrates (Hemosporidia, Coccidia, Cryptosporidia). This review highlights the promises offered by the molecular exploration of gregarines, that have been until now left on the side of the road of the comparative –omic exploration of apicomplexan parasites. Elucidating molecular bases for both their ultrastructural, functional and behavioural similarities and differences, compared with those of the typical apicomplexan models, is expected to provide entirely novel clues on the adaptive capacities developed by Apicomplexa over evolution. A challenge remains to identify which gregarines should be explored in priority, as recent metadata from open and host‐associated environments have confirmed how underestimated is our current view on true gregarine biodiversity. It is now time to turn to gregarines to widen the currently highly skewed view we have of adaptive mechanisms developed by Apicomplexa.
Commentary: Anxiety and behaviour in and beyond ASD; does the idea of ‘PDA’ really help? – a commentary on Stuart et al. (2020)
Authors: Green Jonathan
Published: March 2020

Many children with austism spectrum disorder (ASD) show difficulties containing anxiety, acute distress, behavioural avoidance or control, and sometimes to an extreme degree. Not nearly enough is known about the variety of likely origins of such presentations or their course. Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) has been advocated as a discrete developmental syndrome explaining such characteristics when extreme, but its status as an entity is controversial and to date poorly evidenced. Stuart et al. make one of the first studies into factors underlying PDA, by testing Intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety as explanatory paradigms. There is a circularity in their sampling design and common respondent methods, which, alongside the uncertain status of PDA itself, inevitably limits firm conclusions from their study. However, they do develop important concepts and hypotheses that could and should be tested in representative samples across ASD, using comparative, longitudinal and intervention designs. This will contribute to important progress will be made in understanding mental health presentations in ASD and their treatment, as well as resolving debates around PDA itself.
Work‐related skin symptoms among Bulgarian dentists
Authors: Stoeva Iliyana L.
Published: March 2020

Background

Dentists are at high risk of developing skin symptoms due to occupational contact with irritants and/or allergens.

Objectives

To assess the point prevalence of work‐related skin symptoms and associated factors in Bulgarian dentists.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was performed using a self‐report questionnaire.

Results

A total of 4675 dentists filled the questionnaire (response 48.1%). The point prevalence of self‐reported skin symptoms was 31.6%. According to logistic regression analysis, factors significantly associated with work‐related skin symptoms included a personal history of atopic dermatitis (odds ratio [OR] 2.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.24‐3.31), allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and/or asthma (OR 1.85, 95%CI: 1.56‐2.19), work experience >30 years (OR 2.21, 95%CI: 1.78‐2.74), personal history of contact allergy (OR 1.79, 95%CI: 1.48‐2.17), female sex (OR 1.87, 95%CI: 1.59‐2.19), hand washing >8 times a day (OR 1.32, 95%CI: 1.03‐1.69), daily contact ≥4 hours with protective gloves (OR 2.09, 95%CI: 1.64‐2.67), and use >10 pairs of gloves per day (OR 1.51, 95%CI: 1.11‐2.04).

Conclusion

Bulgarian dentists have a high prevalence of work‐related skin symptoms. History of atopic dermatitis, prolonged work experience, and protective gloves use were the strongest risk factors.
Synthesis and dyeing properties of polyvinylamine dyes for cotton
Authors: Shan Bin , Tang Bingtao , Zhang Shufen , Tan Weiqiang
Published: March 2020

Novel polyvinylamine dyes were designed and synthesised from poly(N‐vinylformamide‐co‐vinylamine) and reactive dyes, then used to dye cotton fibres by the dip‐pad‐steam process, with the dyeing methods being examined in detail. Each polyvinylamine dye was fixed to cotton without a crosslinking agent through covalent bonds formed between the reactive group of the dye and the cotton fibres. A fixation of 99% was achieved, with grades of 4 and 4‐5 wash and dry‐rub fastness, respectively.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: An update on its clinical value and applications
Authors: Boutou Afroditi K. , Zafeiridis Antreas , Pitsiou Georgia , Dipla Konstantina , Kioumis Ioannis , Stanopoulos Ioannis
Published: March 2020

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a debilitating disorder, characterized by airflow limitation, exercise impairment, reduced functional capacity and significant systemic comorbidity, which complicates the course of the disease. The critical inspiratory constraint to tidal volume expansion during exercise (that may be further complicated by the presence of dynamic hyperinflation), abnormalities in oxygen transportation and gas exchange abnormalities are the major pathophysiological mechanisms of exercise intolerance in COPD patients, and thus, exercise testing has been traditionally used for the functional evaluation of these patients. Compared to various laboratory and field exercise tests, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides a thorough assessment of exercise physiology, involving the integrative respiratory, cardiovascular, muscle and metabolic responses to exercise. This review highlights the clinical utility of CPET in COPD patients, as it provides important information for the determination of the major factors that limit exercise among patients with several comorbidities, allows the assessment of the severity of dynamic hyperinflation, provides valuable prognostic information and can be used to evaluate the response to several therapeutic interventions.
Predicted distributions of avian specialists: A framework for conservation of endangered forests under future climates
Authors: Colyn Robin B. , Ehlers Smith David A. , Ehlers Smith Yvette C. , Smit‐Robinson Hanneline , Downs Colleen T.
Published: March 2020

Aim

Forested regions are of global importance for a multitude of ecosystem functions and services and are critical for biodiversity. Anthropogenic climate‐change compounds negative effects of land‐use change on forest persistence and forest‐dependent biodiversity. Habitat loss and climate change have an additive effect and drive species’ extinctions in similar ways, resulting in a homogenization of biodiversity. Connectivity is key in conservation planning for mitigating climate change effects and facilitating species’ abilities to disperse throughout remnant habitat and track their climate niches. We used three forest‐specialized and habitat‐specific bird species as focal species to understand avian connectivity and conservation of each of South Africa's three threatened forest classes, as each species is range‐restricted to its respective forest type.

Location

South Africa.

Methods

We created ensemble models of species’ distributions and combined core home‐ and breeding‐range patches with a hybrid of least‐cost pathways and ecological circuit theory linkages to assess the success of corridors in facilitating connectivity of each of the three forest types. We then predicted the likelihood of niche persistence for each species under future climate‐change scenarios, and the efficacy of our connectivity modelling to facilitate range expansion or climate‐niche tracking.

Results

The projected habitat loss under climate‐change scenarios impacted core‐habitat patch distribution, size and connectivity, exacerbated habitat fragmentation and increased resistance and the severity of pinch points and barriers along dispersal corridors. Forest systems and associated focal species projected to experience the highest levels of habitat loss/contraction occurred at mid‐ to high elevations. Climate‐change resilience across ecosystems, and persistence of species therein, was dependent on connectivity, facilitating species’ ability to track specific climate niches.

Main conclusions

Climate‐change resilience of ecosystems, and persistence of biodiversity therein, is most likely to be a product of high functional biodiversity, connectedness and the ability of species to track specific climate niches.
Pharmacokinetic and dose‐finding studies on efpeglenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yoon Kun‐Ho , Kang Jahoon , Kwon Se Chang , Trautmann Michael E. , Hompesch Marcus , Stewart John , Sorli Christopher H.
Published: March 2020

Aim

To assess the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of efpeglenatide, a long‐acting glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Research design and methods

Two randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 2 trials were conducted. The single‐dose study (n = 48) was a first‐in‐patient, sequential dose‐escalation study. Patients received a single subcutaneous injection of efpeglenatide (2–100 μg/kg) or placebo. The repeated‐dose study (n = 71) was a multiple‐ascending‐dose trial. Patients received weekly (1, 2 or 4 mg once weekly; 8‐week period) or monthly (8, 12 or 16 mg once monthly; 9‐week period) subcutaneous injections of efpeglenatide or placebo (without titration).

Results

Both studies demonstrated dose‐proportional increases in efpeglenatide serum concentrations. The median time to attain maximum serum concentration (tmax) for efpeglenatide ranged from 72 to 144 hours in the single‐dose study and from 48 to 120 hours in the repeated‐dose study (following final dose). Geometric mean t1/2 ranged from 135 to 180 hours across studies. Peak‐to‐trough ratios in the repeated‐dose study ranged from 1.3 to 1.4 with once‐weekly dosing and from 5.9 to 12.9 with once‐monthly dosing. Following a single dose of efpeglenatide 14–100 μg/kg, fasting plasma glucose and postprandial plasma glucose levels were decreased at week 1 and remained below baseline levels for ≥3 weeks post‐dosing. Repeated doses of efpeglenatide led to significant reductions in glycated haemoglobin vs placebo. In both studies, efpeglenatide was generally well tolerated. Gastrointestinal disorders were the most frequently reported treatment‐emergent adverse events in efpeglenatide‐treated patients.

Conclusions

The delayed tmax, long half‐life, and low peak‐to‐trough ratios observed demonstrate potential for improved efficacy and dosing flexibility, with good tolerability of efpeglenatide in patients with T2D.
The effect of colchicine on the echocardiographic constrictive physiology after coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Shojaeifard Maryam , Pakbaz Marzieh , Beheshti Reza , Noohi Bezanjani Freidoun , Ahangar Hassan , Gohari Sepehr , Dehghani Mohammad Abadi Hossein , Erami Sajad
Published: March 2020

Background

Constrictive physiology is a transitory condition that could lead to constrictive pericarditis, which is a rare complication after open‐heart surgery. Anti‐inflammatory drugs like colchicine are recommended for prevention of constrictive pericarditis; however, there is no evidence about the effect of colchicine on constrictive pericarditis. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the preventive effect of colchicine on the incidence of echocardiographic constrictive physiology after open‐heart surgery.

Methods

This was a parallel randomized, double‐blind trial. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 1 mg colchicine once‐daily from 48 hours before and 0.5 mg twice daily for 5 days after surgery. Primary outcome was the incidence of the constrictive physiology after primary endpoint (1 week after the surgery). The secondary outcome was the primary outcome after secondary endpoint (4 weeks after surgery) plus the new cases of constrictive physiology between the primary and secondary endpoints.

Results

Out of 160 participating patients, the primary outcome occurred in 19 patients (23%) in placebo and 11 (13%) in intervention groups. There was no significant difference between two groups (P = .106). After 4 weeks of follow‐up, 19 patients (23%) in placebo and 9 (11%) in intervention groups had constrictive physiology whereas 2 out of 11 patients (18.2%) were recovered. The difference was significant (P = .038). No new case of constrictive physiology occurred between primary and secondary endpoints.

Conclusion

Short‐term use of colchicine has a preventive effect on reducing constrictive physiology after 1 month of open‐heart surgery but not a week after that.
An intra‐cardiac mass in a patient with Behçet’s disease: Cardiac hydatid cyst
Authors: Sonsoz Mehmet Rasih , Gunes Sevki Can
Published: March 2020

Cardiac manifestations of hydatid cysts are rare and occur in 0.5% to 2% of all cases of human hydatidosis. Behçet's disease is a vasculitis which is often associated with venous thrombosis. An intra‐cardiac mass in a patient with Behçet's disease should raise the suspicion of thrombosis. However, we report a 32‐year‐old gentleman with Behçet's disease and history of multiple episodes of venous thrombosis who was first diagnosed with having an intra‐cardiac thrombus on echocardiogram. Five months later, his echocardiogram revealed a hydatid cyst in the right ventricular apex which was also confirmed by cardiac magnetic resonance.
Prevalence of dentofacial injuries in contact sports players: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Oliveira Werlich Mariana , Honnef Lia Rosana , Silva Bett João Victor , Domingos Fábio Luiz , Pauletto Patrícia , Dulcineia Mendes de Souza Beatriz , Mageste Duque Thais , Curi Hallal Ana Luiza , De Luca Canto Graziela
Published: March 2020

Backgrounds/Aims

Contact sports present intense physical contact, and usually, players have a high risk for dentofacial injuries. It is unclear how often these injuries occur and which contact sports present the highest rates. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dentofacial injuries among contact sports participants.

Methods

A literature search was performed in seven electronic databases (Embase, LILACS, LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus, SportDiscus, and Web of Science). The gray literature (Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and ProQuest), as well as the reference lists of included studies, was assessed. Experts were consulted to indicate additional studies. The eligible studies were observational studies that contained details of the contact sports participants who were aged over 18 years old, either professional or not, who sustained at least one dentofacial injury in the past, the number of sustained injuries, and studies which provided quantitative data on the characteristics of the dentofacial injuries, such as type and site. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data.

Results

Among 1152 identified studies, 17 articles remained for final analysis. One study was classified as high risk of bias, 14 studies as moderate, and two as low risk. The overall prevalence of dentofacial injuries was 27.57% (95% CI: 17.87‐38.47). The prevalence in each sport was rugby 37.36% (95% CI: 17.45‐59.82), basketball 27.26% (95% CI: 9.45‐50.08), handball 24.59% (95% CI: 14.88‐35.83), and field hockey 19.07% (95% CI: 6.82‐35.62). The most common injury was dental injury 19.61% (95% CI: 8.13‐34.56).

Conclusion

The overall prevalence of dentofacial injuries among collective contact sports participants was approximately 30%. The most common injury presented was dental injury.
Investigation of the mating‐type distribution of Raffaelea quercus‐mongolicae in South Korea
Authors: Lee Dong‐Hyeon , Son Su‐Yeon , Seo Sang‐Tae , Lee Jong Kyu
Published: March 2020

Raffaelea quercus‐mongolicae is a mycangial symbiont of a wood‐boring ambrosia beetle, Platypus koryoensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Platypodidae), which is believed to be associated with oak mortality in South Korea. Since the first discovery of the disease in 2004, oak mortality has continued to spread across the country, and the pathogen has had a significant impact on forest ecosystems in the country; however, little is known regarding the biology of the fungus. The aim of this study was to develop markers to determine the mating types of individual isolates of R. quercus‐mongolicae collected across the country and then determine the mating‐type ratio in natural populations. To achieve this, partial sequences of MAT1‐1–3 and MAT1‐2–1 genes were amplified using degenerate primers and cloned. The new primer sets, which were specific to each mating‐type idiomorph, identified isolates as MAT1‐1 and MAT1‐2 mating types. The roughly equal frequencies of the two mating types suggest that sexual reproduction might have occurred in natural populations of R. quercus‐mongolicae in South Korea.
Expectancy and affective response to challenging balance practice conditions in individuals with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Chung Yu‐Chen , Lewthwaite Rebecca , Winstein Carolee J. , Monterosso John R. , Fisher Beth E.
Published: March 2020

Psychological states can influence motor performance and learning. In Parkinson's disease (PD), placebo effects or expectancies for pharmacological treatment benefits are not uncommon, but little is known about whether self‐efficacy, beliefs about personal performance capabilities, may play a role in this population. To address this question, we investigated whether experimental manipulations designed to enhance self‐efficacy would benefit motor performance and learning in PD. A motor learning paradigm was utilized to determine the short‐term (i.e., practice) and longer‐term (i.e., retention) impact of self‐efficacy enhancement when 44 individuals with PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage I–III) acquired a challenging balance skill. Using stratified randomization by Hoehn and Yahr stage, participants were assigned to a control group or one of two investigational groups: (a) an expectancy‐relevant statement that encouraged an incremental mindset in which the balance skill, though initially challenging, was acquirable with practice (incremental theory group, IT), and (b) the expectancy‐relevant statement in combination with a criterion for successful performance (incremental theory plus success criteria group, IT + SC). All groups improved their balance performance, but contrary to expectations, investigational groups did not outperform the control group at practice or retention. Unexpectedly, the IT + SC group reported greater nervousness than the control and IT groups, suggesting that the employed success criteria may have induced performance‐related anxiety. Regression analyses revealed that self‐efficacy increase from initial practice predicted performance at the end of practice and at retention. These findings highlight the potential contribution of psychological factors on motor function and rehabilitation in individuals with PD.
Effect of microstructure of simulated heat‐affected zone on low‐ to high‐cycle fatigue properties of low‐carbon steels
Authors: Nishikawa Hide‐aki , Furuya Yoshiyuki , Igi Satoshi , Goto Sota , Briffod Fabien , Shiraiwa Takayuki , Enoki Manabu , Kasuya Tadashi
Published: March 2020

To clarify the effect of microstructural changes on the fatigue property of the weld heat‐affected zone (HAZ), low‐ to high‐cycle fatigue tests were conducted on 16 types of simulated HAZ specimens that had been prepared using thermal processes. The results showed the fatigue S‐N curves of the HAZ to be widely scattered as a function of strength level. These fatigue data were divided into two groups: coarse grain (CG) and fine grain (FG) HAZ, when strain amplitude was used to represent S‐N curves. The fatigue data for the CGHAZ group showed a relatively short fatigue life. Based on surface observations, the initiated fatigue crack size of CGHAZ was larger than that of FGHAZ as a function of microstructural unit size. Hence, fatigue crack growth life, which is almost the same as total fatigue life of CGHAZ, decreased.
Effect of temperature on the fracture behaviour of heat‐treated Al–Cu–Li alloy laser welds under low‐cycle fatigue loading
Authors: Malikov Alexander G. , Karpov Evgenij V. , Orishich Anatoliy M.
Published: March 2020

The paper presents the results of the studies of the effect of temperature on the fracture behaviour of Al–Cu–Li alloy laser welds under low‐cycle fatigue loading. The mechanical properties and the microstructure of the welded joints without and after postweld heat treatment (PWHT) were investigated. The tensile strength and the low‐cycle fatigue resistance of the welded joints were studied at various test temperatures (20°C, 85°C and − 60°C). It was been found that heating up to 85°C and cooling down to −60°C reduced the maximum number of loading cycles of the welded joints after PWHT by 1.5–2.0 times compared with that at a test temperature of 20°C.
Absolute reliability of tongue pressure measurement in young healthy adults and elderly patients with certification of needing long‐term care or support
Authors: Sawaya Yohei , Ishizaka Masahiro , Kubo Akira , Shiba Takahiro , Sato Tamae , Onoda Ko , Maruyama Hitoshi , Urano Tomohiko
Published: March 2020

Aim

We aimed to determine systematic bias and the range of random error in tongue pressure measurements among young healthy adults and elderly patients with certification of requiring long‐term care or support, considering sex, and to establish a measurement method.

Methods

Subjects were 226 adults (88 young healthy adults and 138 elderly patients with certification of requiring long‐term care or support). Tongue pressure was measured thrice. Bland–Altman analysis was performed for the first and second trials, and second and third trials.

Results

Fixed bias was revealed for the first and second trials among young healthy adults. Systematic bias was not found for the second and third trials. Fixed bias was revealed for the first and second trials among elderly patients, with a proportional bias with a negative slope for the second and third trials. For young healthy adults, the minimal detectable change was 6.0 and 5.4 kPa in males and females, respectively. For elderly patients, the limit of agreement ranged from −5.9 to 8.6 and from −5.4 to 8.8 kPa in males and females, respectively.

Conclusions

There was a difference in systematic bias in tongue pressure measurement between young healthy adults and elderly patients with certification of needing long‐term care or support. In young healthy adults, the third trial results showed stability, whereas they decreased in elderly patients. In elderly patients, it was suggested that the number of measurements reduced from three to two when a maximum value was adopted. No differences were observed among sexes in either young or elderly patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 488–493.
Helicobacter pylorifirst‐line and rescue treatments in patients allergic to penicillin: Experience from the European Registry onH pylorimanagement (Hp‐EuReg)
Authors: Nyssen Olga P. , Pérez‐Aisa Ángeles , Tepes Bojan , Rodrigo‐Sáez Luis , Romero Pilar M. , Lucendo Alfredo , Castro‐Fernández Manuel , Phull Perminder , Barrio Jesús , Bujanda Luis , Ortuño Juan , Areia Miguel , Brglez Jurecic Natasa , Huguet José María , Alcaide Noelia , Voynovan Irina , María Botargues Bote José , Modolell Inés , Pérez Lasala Jorge , Ariño Inés , Jonaitis Laimas , Dominguez‐Cajal Manuel , Buzas György , Lerang Frode , Perona Monica , Bordin Dmitry , Axon Toni , Gasbarrini Antonio , Marcos Pinto Ricardo , Niv Yaron , Kupcinskas Limas , Tonkic Ante , Leja Marcis , Rokkas Theodore , Boyanova Lyudmila , Shvets Oleg , Venerito Marino , Bytzer Peter , Goldis Adrian , Simsek Ilkay , Lamy Vincent , Przytulski Krzysztof , Kunovský Lumír , Capelle Lisette , Milosavljevic Tomica , Caldas María , Garre Ana , Mégraud Francis , O'Morain Colm , Gisbert Javier P. ,   the Hp‐EuReg Investigators
Published: March 2020

Background

Experience inHelicobacter pylorieradication treatment of patients allergic to penicillin is very scarce. A triple combination with a PPI, clarithromycin (C), and metronidazole (M) is often prescribed as the first option, although more recently the use of a quadruple therapy with PPI, bismuth (B), tetracycline (T), and M has been recommended.

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of first‐line and rescue treatments in patients allergic to penicillin in the “European Registry ofH pylorimanagement” (Hp‐EuReg).

Methods

A systematic prospective registry of the clinical practice of European gastroenterologists (27 countries, 300 investigators) on the management ofH pyloriinfection. An e‐CRF was created on AEG‐REDCap. Patients with penicillin allergy were analyzed until June 2019.

Results

One‐thousand eighty‐four patients allergic to penicillin were analyzed. The most frequently prescribed first‐line treatments were as follows: PPI + C + M (n = 285) and PPI + B + T + M (classic or Pylera®; n = 250). In first line, the efficacy of PPI + C + M was 69%, while PPI + B + T + M reached 91% (P < .001). In second line, after the failure of PPI + C + M, two rescue options showed similar efficacy: PPI + B + T + M (78%) and PPI + C + levofloxacin (L) (71%) (P > .05). In third line, after the failure of PPI + C + M and PPI + C + L, PPI + B + T + M was successful in 75% of cases.

Conclusion

In patients allergic to penicillin, a triple combination with PPI + C + M should not be generally recommended as a first‐line treatment, while a quadruple regimen with PPI + B + T + M seems to be a better option. As a rescue treatment, this quadruple regimen (if not previously prescribed) or a triple regimen with PPI + C + L could be used but achieved suboptimal (<80%) results.
Exploring the influence of family on adolescents’ seafood consumption choices
Authors: Birch Dawn , Memery Juliet
Published: March 2020

Seafood in the adolescent diet has many benefits, yet a number of adolescents do not consume the recommended levels. Despite this the consumption of seafood by younger consumers has received scant attention in the extant literature. Previous studies on adolescents’ food‐related behaviour tend to focus on general choice mechanisms or perceptions of food and mainly relate to fruit and vegetable intake. The present study seeks to address this gap through investigating the impact of family upon the consumption of seafood by younger consumers through exploring adolescents’ attitudes and behaviour in regard to eating seafood. Utilizing an exploratory qualitative methodology, seven focus groups of adolescents aged 13–19 years were conducted at two schools in South West England. Discussions covered a range of issues related to adolescent seafood consumption. The use of thematic content analysis found that the family, and parents in particular, exert high levels of influence over adolescents’ consumption of seafood both at home and when dining out. The parent who does the shopping and cooking has the greatest role. Sibling preferences and dietary choices also influence whether seafood is served in the home. Of value to researchers and management are the insights gleaned into the influences on adolescents’ attitudes towards and behaviour in regard to eating seafood. In particular, encouraging seafood consumption will rely upon interventions aimed at both parents and children and need to take into account adolescents’ diet and lifestyle preferences, while also acknowledging the influence of peers and the school food environment.
Using text analysis software to detect deception in written short‐answer questions in employee selection
Authors: Forsyth Loch , Anglim Jeromy
Published: March 2020

This study investigated if word frequencies informed by the Newman‐Pennebaker (NP) and Reality Monitoring (RM) models could classify honest and deceptive responses to short‐answer questions often used in online employee applications. Participants (n = 106; 58% male; Mage = 30.28 years, SD = 8.85) completed two written short‐answer questions both deceptively and honestly. The questions asked participants to describe a notable personal achievement or a time where they had demonstrated interpersonal skills. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count was used to calculate the prevalence of words in various linguistic categories. Deceptive statements contained significantly fewer first‐person singular pronouns, auxiliary verbs, adverbs, conjunctions, and cognitive process words. Results revealed the NP and RM models accuracy at classifying responses varied on question type.
Clamoring for greenbacks: Explaining the resurgence of the U.S. dollar in international debt
Authors: Ito Hiro , Rodriguez Cesar M.
Published: March 2020

This paper characterizes trends of the shares of the U.S. dollar, the euro, and total foreign currencies in international debt denomination over the last two decades. We find that countries with a high output growth trend, greater financial development, better fiscal conditions, and more investment opportunities tend to decrease the extent of their reliance on the dollar, but increase that on the euro, while their dependency on total foreign currencies remains unaffected. Stronger trade ties with the United States (the euro area) contribute to a higher dollar (euro) share in the currency denomination of international debt securities. We also find that absent from the global financial crisis (GFC), the dollar (euro) share in debt denomination would have been higher (lower) than the observed shares in the postcrisis period. That suggests that the outbreak of the GFC increased the demand for the dollar as a safe haven.
Workplace violence against nurses in health care and the role of human resource management: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Pariona‐Cabrera Patricia , Cavanagh Jillian , Bartram Timothy
Published: March 2020

Aim

To provide insights into how workplace violence has an impact on nurses and to inform human resource management about developing comprehensive strategies to manage and mitigate violence.

Design

A systematic review of the literature to appraise contemporary studies, source data and synthesize findings for human resource management to implement practices to mitigate violence against nurses in the healthcare sector.

Data Sources

Searches were conducted using ProQuest, Business Source Complete (EBSCO), Emerald Insight, PsycINFO (ProQuest), ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Our search was delimited to refereed journal articles and government reports over the last 15 years from 2004–2019 and included a total of 71 articles.

Review Methods

The research team systematically reviewed each article and relative reports, eliminating any not considered relevant to nurses. This systematic review is associated with and reflects contemporary issues around nurses, violence, and human resource management practice.

Results

In the studies we found high incidents of violence against nurses in the workplace. However, human resource management fundamentally services as an administrator, managing compliance and does not do enough to methodically mitigate and manage acts of violence in the workplace and its effects on nurses’ mental health.

Conclusions

This systematic review contributes to the literature on violence in health care and proposes that human resource management must explore and implement practices towards mitigating violence against nurses.

Impact

This systematic review will influence how human resource management currently manages violence against nurses and the increasing number of persons requiring health care due to the ageing population and decline in the number of nurses. It will also have an impact on action research to engage in a cycle of continuous improvement that supports eliminating violence against nurses (and all others) in the healthcare sector.
Novel variants in TECRL cause recessive inherited CPVT type 3 with severe and variable clinical symptoms
Authors: Moscu‐Gregor Alexander , Marschall Christoph , Müntjes Carsten , Schönecker Anne , Schuessler‐Hahn Franziska , Hohendanner Felix , Parwani Abdul Shokor , Boldt Leif‐Hendrik , Ott Claus‐Eric , Bennewiz Anja , Paul Thomas , Krause Ulrich , Rost Imma
Published: March 2020

Introduction

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an inherited arrhythmia syndrome characterized by adrenergically stimulated ventricular tachycardia. The most common form of CPVT is due to autosomal dominant variants in the cardiac ryanodine‐receptor gene (RYR2). However, trans‐2,3‐enoyl‐CoA reductase‐like (TECRL) was recently suggested to be a novel candidate gene for life‐threatening inherited arrhythmias. Patients previously reported with pathogenic changes in TECRL showed a special mixed phenotype of CPVT and long‐QT‐syndrome (LQTS) termed CPVT type 3 (CPVT3), an autosomal recessive disorder.

Methods and Results

We implemented TECRL into our NGS panel diagnostics for CPVT and LQTS in April 2017. By December 2018, 631 index patients with suspected CPVT or LQTS had been referred to our laboratory for genetic testing. Molecular analysis identified four Caucasian families carrying novel variants in TECRL. One patient was homozygous for Gln139* resulting in a premature stop codon and loss‐of‐function of the TECRL protein. Another patient was homozygous for Pro290His, probably leading to an altered folding of the 3‐oxo‐5‐alpha steroid 4‐dehydrogenase domain of the TECRL protein. The LOF‐variant Ser309* and the missense‐variant Val298Ala have been shown to be compound heterozygous in another individual. NGS‐based copy number variation analysis and quantitative PCR revealed a quadruplication of TECRL in the last individual, which is likely to be a homozygous duplication.

Conclusion

The data from our patient collective indicate that CPVT3 occurs much more frequently than previously expected. Variants in TECRL may be causative in up to 5% of all CPVT cases. According to these findings, the default analysis of this gene is recommended if CPVT is suspected.
The predictive value of heart rate variability indices tested in early period after radiofrequency catheter ablation for the recurrence of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Zhu Zhenyan , Wang Weiming , Cheng Yamin , Wang Xiaoqing , Sun Jianhui
Published: March 2020

Introduction

To explore the relationship between recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and the autonomic nervous activity evaluated by heart rate variability (HRV) indices after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in the early period.

Methods

We enrolled 102 patients with paroxysmal AF and tested the HRV indices by the high‐resolution Holter electrocardiogram the next morning after RFCA. The HRV indices were compared between the non‐recurrence group (n = 85) and the recurrence group (n = 17).

Results

The HRV indices included standard deviation of normal to normal intervals (SDNN), SDNN index, root‐mean square successive differences (RMSSD), the proportion of normal to normal intervals differing by >50 millisecond (ms) (pNN50), high‐frequency components (HF), low‐frequency components (LF) and very low‐frequency components were significantly higher in recurrence group than that in non‐recurrence group, while no such difference was found for LF/HF. Based on the median value of the recurrent time (9 months), RMSSD (P = .012), pNN50 (P < .0001) and HF (P = .033) were lower in late recurrence group than that in early recurrence group. The Cox regression analyses indicated that higher values of RMSSD (P = .01), pNN50 (P = .02) and HF (P = .02) were associated with a higher risk of recurrence after adjusted for covariates. The receiver operating characteristic curves showed higher rates of clinical recurrence of AF after RFCA in patients with RMSSD ≥27.5 ms, pNN50 ≥4.5%, and HF ≥178.25 ms2.

Conclusions

Values of RMSSD, pNN50, and HF tested in the early period after RFCA could independently predict the recurrence of AF.
Secular trends in hypertension and elevated blood pressure among Korean children and adolescents in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007‐2015
Authors: Cho Heeyeon , Kim Jae Hyun
Published: March 2020

The prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) among US children and adolescents has reportedly declined over the past decade. As no Korean data have been analyzed, we aimed to determine recent trends in BP levels among Korean children and adolescents. This study examines data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey segregated into 3 time periods (2007‐2009, 2010‐2012, and 2013‐2015). A total of 7804 Korean children and adolescents aged 10‐18 years were included in the analysis. Hypertension (≥95th percentile) and elevated BP (>90th percentile) were defined using the sex‐, age‐, and height‐specific BP standards from 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. Mean systolic BP from 2007‐2009 to 2013‐2015 increased by 3.9 mm Hg, and there was no significant change in diastolic BP. Body mass index (BMI) z‐scores significantly increased in the total population from 2007‐2009 to 2013‐2015. In 2013‐2015, the prevalence rates of elevated BP and hypertension were 8.8% and 9.0%, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension in 2013‐2015 increased in the total population compared with those in 2007‐2009, especially in the obese subgroup, in which the hypertension prevalence was 27.7% in 2013‐2015. The prevalence of elevated BP increased during these time period. Associated factors were sex, age, BMI z‐score, and survey period for elevated BP; and sex, age, and BMI z‐score for hypertension. During our study, mean systolic BP increased, and the prevalence of hypertension in 2013‐2015 increased in the pediatric population. A possible influencing factor is obesity, and further long‐term data are necessary.
Renovascular hypertension from the BCR‐ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor ponatinib
Authors: Amin Syed O. , Ruzicka Marcel , Burns Kevin D. , Bence‐Bruckler Isabelle A. , Ryan Stephen E. , Hadziomerovic Adnan , Hiremath Swapnil
Published: March 2020

Drug‐induced hypertension is one of the commonest causes of secondary hypertension. In the last few years, secondary hypertension due to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, from the vascular endothelial growth factor class, has been recognized to be an important cause of hypertension, as well as proteinuria, and occasionally kidney dysfunction in some cases. Less well‐recognized is that BCR‐ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors also have adverse vascular effects. These manifest as vascular stenoses in large vessels, which may sometimes cause renal artery stenosis and subsequent hypertension. We describe a case report which presented as classical bilateral renal artery stenosis, and responded to revascularization. Increased awareness of these effects, as well as research into the pathogenesis, may provide more insight into vascular biology.
Drinking frequency modifies an association between salt intake and blood pressure: A cohort study
Authors: Yoshimura Ryuichi , Yamamoto Ryohei , Shinzawa Maki , Tomi Ryohei , Ozaki Shingo , Fujii Yoshiyuki , Ito Takafumi , Tanabe Kazuaki , Moriguchi Yasuaki , Isaka Yoshitaka , Moriyama Toshiki
Published: March 2020

Salt sensitivity is one of the crucial risk factors of hypertension. The aim of the present prospective cohort study was to assess the clinical impact of alcohol drinking on an association between salt intake and blood pressure. The present study included 451 employees at a pharmaceutical company in Japan who underwent annual health checkups in both 2017 and 2018. The main exposure of interest was self‐reported drinking frequency at their first checkups: rarely, occasionally, and daily. To assess the association between the change of salt intake estimated from single‐spot urine specimens and that of blood pressure, the differences in systolic/diastolic blood pressure and salt intake between 2017 and 2018 were calculated for each subject. Multivariable‐adjusted linear regression models adjusting for clinically relevant factors clarified a drinking frequency‐dependent association between Δsalt intake and Δsystolic blood pressure (per 1 g/d of Δsalt intake adjusted β [95% confidence interval] 0.19 [−0.73, 1.12], 0.84 [0.14, 1.53], and 1.78 [0.86, 2.69] in rare, occasional, and daily drinkers). A similar association between Δsalt intake and Δdiastolic blood pressure was also observed (−0.24 [−1.02, 0.54], 0.67 (0.18, 1.16), 0.95 [0.38, 1.51], in rare, occasional, and daily drinkers). The interactions between drinking frequency and Δsalt intake were found to be statistically significant (P for interaction = .028 and .006 for ∆systolic blood pressure and ∆diastolic blood pressure, respectively). The present study identified enhanced salt sensitivity in the subjects who drink at a higher frequency, suggesting that the reduction in alcohol consumption may improve salt sensitivity in higher frequency drinkers.