bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estructuras de algunas comunidades vegetales de dunas en el litoral de Marbella (Málaga)
Authors: Díez B. , Hernández A. M. , Asensi A.
Published: October 2020

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Contribution to the flora of Málaga
Authors: Smythies B. E.
Published: October 2020

Se da una lista de plantas recolectadas o vistas por el autor en la provincia de Málaga o localidades limítrofes.
Aportaciones al catálogo florístico de la provincia de León. II
Authors: Carbó Nadal R. , Mayor López M. , Andrés Rodríguez J. , Losa Quintana J. M.
Published: October 2020

Se enumeran 512 especies vegetales de la provincia de León (España) recogidas en 693 localidades, se hacen breves anotaciones ecológicas de las mismas, así como de su distribución y comportamiento fitosociológico. Se realiza, al mismo tiempo, la revisión bibliográfica a nivel provincial.
Sobre las comunidades terrícolas de líquenes vagantes (Sphaerothallio-Xanthoparmelion vagantis Al. Nova)
Authors: Crespo A. , Barreno E.
Published: October 2020

Se propone una nueva alianza Sphaerothallio-Xanthoparmelion vagantis, de líquenes errantes de lugares fisiológicamente áridos (termo o crioáridos), por continentalidad o desertización higrotérmica fuertemente venteados y entrofos. En el seno de esta alianza describimos una nueva asociación Sphaerothallietum fruticulosofoliaceae que se desarrolla, en España, en el piso de vegetación ibérico de paramera en los claros de las comunidades de tomillar-pradera de Festuco-Poion ligulatae, entre 1.200-1.400 m. de altitud y que, sin duda, supera el ámbito de la Región Mediterránea, encontrando tal vez un óptimo en la Irano-Turánica. Datos bibliográficos nos hacen deducir su presencia en las montañas de Astrakan, y Tauria (Rusia). Se incluye también en la alianza la asociación Parmelietum vagantis (Keller 1938) Klement 1955 enmendándola profundamente. Discutimos en el trabajo las comunidades afines a las descritas, en base a conceptos florísticos y ecológicos (Diploschistion terrestris Klement 1955 y Parmelietum vagantis (Keller 1938) Klement 1955.
Problemas taxonómicos en las algae del suelo
Authors: Noguerol Seoane A. , Hernández Marine M. C. , Seoane Camba J.
Published: October 2020

Se hace un esbozo de algunos problemas que nos han surgido en la identificación de ciertas algas del suelo; así como de la dificultad que presentan los cultivos, en algunos casos, para realizar estudios taxonómicos.
Comportamiento de extractos de diversas especies del género Amanita, frente a la reacción de las amanito-toxinas
Authors: Losa Quintana J. M.
Published: October 2020

La identificación química y cromatográfica de las amanito-toxinas fue puesta a punto por Sullivan y cols. 1965. Su técnica ha sido aplicada para demostrar la presencia de dichas sustancias en extractos de diversas especies del género Amanita. Como método se han situado en la misma placa extractos de dichas especies y se han contrastado con extractos de Amanita phallo ides, para así diferenciar los correspondientes desarrollos. Fueron analizadas: A. aspera; A. muscaria; A. pantherina y Paxillus involutus. La presencia de amanito - toxinas a y b sólo se evidenció en los extractos de A. phalloides.
Contribución al estudio de los hongos que viven sobre materias fecales (2ª aportación)
Authors: Barrasa J. Mª . , Moreno G.
Published: October 2020

Se estudian especies de hongos recolectados sobre materias fecales, Myxomycetes, Ascomycetes, y Basidiomycetes. Resultan nuevas citas para el catálogo micológico español 14 especies: Ascomycetes: Bombardi a arachnoidea, Podospora dakotensis, P. pistillata, P. platensis, Saccobolus citrinus, S. obscurus, Sporormiella australis, S. dakotensi s, S. grandispora, S. lageniformis, y S. vexans; Basi diomycetes: Coprinus stellatus, Coprinus cineratus, Panaeolus retirugis. Se realizan estudios comparativos según la procedencia animal del estiércol, y se inician estudios de sucesión en estiércol, de distintas especies fúngicas.
Algunos briofitos interesantes para la flora Balear
Authors: Cros R. M.
Published: October 2020

Se dan a conocer algunas especies interesantes para las Baleares y también alguna especie nueva para la Flora insular como Riega helicophylla Mont.
Ensayo biogeográfico sobre la pteridoflora de Sierra Nevada (Granada, España)
Authors: Varo Juan , Salvo Enrique
Published: October 2020

Se realiza un estudio corológico y ecológico de los pteridófitos de Sierra Nevada. Se hace una valoración del origen de la pteridoflora de dicha Siena.
La labor de Betty Molesworth Allen
Authors: Fernández Galiano E.
Published: October 2020

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On the genus Asplenium in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Sleep A.
Published: October 2020

The Asplenium species recorded from the Iberian peninsula comprise diploids and tetraploids, and of the latter, both auto- and allotetraploids occur. Evidence from the meiotic pairing behaviour of the chromosomes in synthetic hybrids is adduced to show how the mode of origin and interrelationships of such species can be elucidated, and specific reference is made to Asplenium foresiense, A. majoricum, A. petrarchae and A. billotii. The suggested occurrence of autopolyploidy in Asplenium cuneifolium is also discussed. Evidence is presented which shows that in the British Isles and Corsica serpentine plants previously regarded as autotetraploid derivatives of A. cuneifolium are in fact allotetraploid and almost certainly just specialized serpentine forms of Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. It is suggested that such forms of A. adiantum-nigrum could occur also on serpentine rocks elsewhere in western Europe, for example, in Spain and France.
The family Thelypteridaceae in Europe
Authors: Holttum R. E.
Published: October 2020

Thelypteridaceae are mainly tropical ferns, the total number of species is about one thousand. The five European species represent five different groups, each of which has recently been accorded generic status. Thelypteris palustris Schott (including three varieties) extends throughout north temperate regions, with a closely allied species south of the equator; chromosome numter n=35. Phaegopteris connectilis (Michx) Watt (triploid with base number 30) and Oreopteris limbosperma (All.) Holub (n=34) are members of small genera confined to north temperate regions. Stegnogramma pozoi (Lag.) K. Iwa-cs. (n=36) represents a genus of 12-15 species, mainly in Africa and Asia, with one in Mexico. Christella dentata (Forsk.) Brownsey & Jermy is a wide-ranging and variable tetra- ploid species of a pantropic genus (c. 60 app) the centre of distribution of wich appears to be Burma-Assam (base number 36).

The genus Cyclosurus (s. str.) comprises a small pantropic group of species with grow (like Thelypteris) in open permanently swampy ground; I belive Cycicsorus and Thelypteris to be closely related genera. Stegno- gramma is related to Sphaerostephanos which (in arrangement of Holttum) is the most diversified genus in the Old World with c. 140 spp. in Malesia . Christella is probably also related to Sphaerostephanos though less nearly than Stegnogramma.
Contribución al conocimiento del género Chara en Andalucia
Authors: Sánchez P. M.
Published: October 2020

Se estudia la distribución de seis táxones del género Chara L. en Andalucía, resaltando los caracteres morfológicos más destacables, así como la ecología observada en cada localidad.
Aplicación de la taxonomía numérica en Pteridología: Estudio de la variabilidad en Asplenium marinum L.
Authors: Díaz Tomás E. , Salvo Enrique
Published: October 2020

Se ha estudiado la variabilidad inter e intrapoblacional de Asplenium marinum L. en varias localidades del continente europeo y Macaronesia,atendiendo a 33 caracteres (morfológicos,anatómicos palinológicos y ecológicos) analizados en 97 individuos. Para el proceso de los datos se aplicó la metodología de la taxonomía numérica, mediante el empleo de un programa especialmente diseñado para la obtención de las "distancias taxonómicas" entre los OTU's tratados. Los resultados han puesto en evidencia la delimitación de tres grupos de OTU's en Asplenium marinum. Con el fin de precisar el estatus taxonómico de cada grupo,se compararon con los restantes táxones europeos de Asplenium de frondes glabras y unipinna das (A. trichomanes L. s.Z.,A. viride Hudson y A. azoricum Lovis, Rasbach & Reichstein). Una vez establecida en el dendrograma las distancias taxonómicasy las líneas de Fenon correspondientes al nivel de especie,subespecie y variedad se ha creido oportuno asignar a los tres grupos,delimitados en el seno de A. marinum,el rango varietal,por lo que se describen las entidades siguientes: Asplenium marinum L. var. praealtum nov. y Asplenium marinum L. var. depauperatum nov. Atendiendo a diversos criterios se proponen dos nuevas combinaciones: Asplenium marinum L. var. marinum fma. incisum (Christ) st. nov.y Asplenium marinum L. var. depauperatumDiaz-& Salvo fma. xerophylum (B. Merino) comb. nova.
Bibliografía pteridológica de España y Portugal (Continente e Islas) 1802-1980
Authors: Salvo A. E. , Asensi A. , Rivas Martínez S.
Published: October 2020

Se realiza una síntesis de la bibliografía pteridológica de la Península Ibérica. Comprende un total de 480 obras correspondientes a 267 autores. Junto a la relación alfabética de autores se incluye un apartado de bibliografía temática.
Fonksiyonel Bir Gıda: Yer Fıstığı ve Sağlığa Yararları
Authors: ÖZALP Beda Büşra , SEREMET KÜRKLÜ Nilgün
Published: October 2020

Yağlı tohumlu bitkilerin arasında yer alan yer fıstığı (Arachis hypogaea L.) içerdiği yararlı besin öğeleri ve insan sağlığı üzerine olumlu etkileri olan fonksiyonel bileşiklerinden dolayı dikkat çeken bir meyve türüdür. Yerfıstığı, 20 amino asidin tümünü farklı oranlarda içermekle birlikte önemli bir aminoasit olan arjinin için de en iyi kaynaklardan biridir. Yer fıstığının sağlık üzerine etkilerini incelemek amacıyla son yıllarda yapılan bilimsel araştırmalar yer fıstığının içerdiği doymamış yağ asitlerinin obezite dahil birçok hastalığın önlenmesinde önemli rol oynadığını ispatlamıştır. Ayrıca yer fıstığının yüksek arjinin, E vitamini, flavonoid ve fitosterol içermesinden dolayı diyabet ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklar üzerine olumlu etkilerini gösteren çalışmalar da mevcuttur. Yer fıstığı zarı da son dönemlerde popülerlik kazanmış olup içerdiği yüksek kateşin ve prosiyanidin miktarından dolayı antiinflamatuar etki göstererek inflamasyon ile ilişkili hastalıkları önleyebileceği belirtilmektedir. Bu derlemede yer fıstığının besin ögesi içeriği ve hastalıklar ile ilişkisi incelenmiştir.
Rendering Whiteness Palatable: The Acceptable Muslim in an Era of White Rage
Authors: Kassam Shelina
Published: October 2020

In this paper, I analyze the perspectives of the Acceptable Muslim (Kassam, 2018)in two Canadian case studies: (a) Irshad Manji, a Canadian Muslim journalist and activist who has been an active commentator on a variety of issues including those related to Muslims; and (b) the CBC sitcom Little Mosque on the Prairie (2007-2012), which was the first Canadian mainstream television series featuring Muslim characters. I suggest that these case studies illuminate the figure of the Acceptable Muslim (Kassam, 2018)who is represented as a “moderate,” modern, and assimilable Muslim, and who espouses a privatized faith with few public expressions of religious/cultural belonging. Centrally implicated in Canadian debates about multiculturalism, gender equality, citizenship, and secularism, Acceptable Muslims (re)confirm the racial boundaries of the nation-state, becoming icons of multiculturalism, reanimating the whiteness at the heart of the Canadian nation-state. The Acceptable Muslim sustains the narrative of the Canadian nation-state as liberal, secular, modern, and inclusive even as it relentlessly excludes, punishes, and eliminates the Muslim Other, enabling such policies to be legitimated as “race-neutral.” Acceptable Muslims stand as sentries at the (symbolic) borders of the nation, reanimating racialized boundaries of acceptability and signalling that those beyond these boundaries can be legitimately policed by the nation-state. My analysis provides insights into how Canada has re-configured the power and persistence of its white fantasy and, through the strategic use of the Acceptable Muslim, cloaks its deeply racialized coding in more palatable grammars of multiculturalism, gender equality, and secularism.
Introduction to Special Issue: Whiteness in the Age of White Rage
Authors: Deliovsky Katerina , Kitossa Tamari
Published: October 2020

This Special Issue—“Whiteness in the Age of White Rage”—names and interrogates what is implicit in anti-racist, Indigenous, and whiteness studies: white rage. Drawing on Carol Anderson’s White Rage: The Unspoken Truth of Our Racial Divide (2017), we invited scholars to explore empirical and theoretical inquiry of how rage is a defining characteristic of settler colonialism, whiteness, and white supremacy in Canada. In this Introduction we elaborate how contemporaneously, historically, and theoretically a vital dimension of the configuration of whiteness in Canada is the normalization of rage as a property right of whiteness. Presently, as fascism is once again a global phenomenon, there is an opportunity for critical scholarship on whiteness in Canada to name and explicate the social effects and quotidian mobilization of rage in conservative and liberal articulations of white supremacy. We offer a general outline to the theme of whiteness in the age of white rage to introduce nascent scholarship that builds on the scholarship of Black, Indigenous, people of colour, and critical whiteness scholars.
Qualitative and Quantitative Studies of the Effects of Spherical Aberration on the Optical System in the Cases of Coherent and Incoherent Illumination
Authors: Hammadi Hassan , AL-Ani Ayad A.
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we study the effects of coherent and incoherent illumination on the optical imaging system. The effects were studied qualitatively in terms of Point Spread Function (PSF) and Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), and quantitatively in terms of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Different values of radius of aperture were investigated in the presence and absence of spherical aberration with various magnitudes of spherical aberration (M=1, 2, and 3). The experiments were performed using homogeneous media.

     The results show that imaging with incoherent illumination is better than imaging with coherent illumination, especially for small aperture. Also, we found that the effects of spherical aberration were increased under incoherent illumination and large aperture.
Epileptic Seizures Detection Using DCT-II and KNN Classifier in Long-Term EEG Signals
Authors: Jumaah Mahmood A. , Shihab Ammar Ibrahim , Farhan Akeel Abdulkareem
Published: October 2020

Epilepsy is one of the most common diseases of the nervous system around the world, affecting all age groups and causing seizures leading to loss of control for a period of time. This study presents a seizure detection algorithm that uses Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) type II to transform the signal into frequency-domain and extracts energy features from 16 sub-bands. Also, an automatic channel selection method is proposed to select the best subset among 23 channels based on the maximum variance. Data are segmented into frames of  one Second length without overlapping between successive frames. K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) model is used to detect those frames either to ictal (seizure) or interictal (non-seizure) based on Euclidean distance. The experimental results are tested on 21 patients included in the CHB-MIT dataset. The average F1-score was found to be 93.12, whereas the False-Positive Rate (FPR) average was determined to be 0.07.
Relationship Between Osteopontin Biochemical Parameters and BMD Status in Iraqi Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis
Authors: Shamsulddin Hadeer H. , Salih Lina A. , Eleiwe Samia A.
Published: October 2020

Osteopontin hormone (OPN) is an extracellular matrix protein that is expressed in bone cells such as osteoblasts and osteoclasts and associated with bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

     The aim of the study is to investigate serum levels of circulating OPN and its relationship with biochemical parameters and BMD in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in Iraq. Serum samples from fifty postmenopausal women were selected from patients attending two educational hospitals in Baghdad, which are AL Wasity Educational Hospital and Baghdad Educational Hospital, during the period from November 2018 to March 2019. Twenty five postmenopausal healthy women were included as a control group. The studied subjectsâ€™ ages were in the range of 45-65 years. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was the device used to measure bone mineral density and diagnose osteoporosis in both groups. Blood samples were collected from each participant for measuring the serum levels of biochemical parameters (P, Alp, Ca, and OPN)

     The results of the demographic parameters showed a significant (Pâ‰¤0.05) increase in mean values of age, menopause duration, and duration of productive life in the patients as compared to the control group. Also, strong positive correlations between patients and the control were recorded in age and duration of productive age, with a weak inverse correlation in menopause duration. While a significant (Pâ‰¤0.05) decrease in the mean value of body mass index (BMI), BMD, and T-score as compared to the control. The correlation in BMI was weak significant positive while in the other two parameters it was weak significant inverse.

     The results of the present study showed non-significant differences (P â‰¥0.05) between the patients and control group for serum biochemical parameters.

It was also noticed that there was a significant (Pâ‰¤0.05) increase in the mean value of osteopontin hormone level in the patients as compared to the control, with a weak significant inverse (pâ‰¤0.05) correlation.
Motif Berfoto Selfie untuk Presensi Kehadiran Kelas Online saat Pandemi Covid-19 di Kalangan Pelajar Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Setiawan Riko , Maring Prudensius
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi ketertarikan peneliti melihat fenomena selfie sebagai bukti kehadiran (presensi) kelas online para siswa yang belajar dari rumah untuk mencegah penyebaran virus corona. Selama pandemik Covid-19, kehadiran pelajar di sekolah ditiadakan, diganti dengan belajar dari rumah secara virtual. Bentuk kehadiran mereka dalam kelas online dibuktikan melalui foto selfie sekaligus sebagai bukti telah melakukan kegiatan belajar dari rumah. Para pelajar sekolah dasar (SD), khususnya di daerah Kebon Jeruk, Jakarta Barat selalu menggunakan atribut sekolah dengan beragam ekspresi wajah saat berfoto selfie. Para pelajar SD tersebut diharuskan mengirimkan foto selfie mereka ke group whatsApp yang dibuat oleh wali murid masing masing. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Fenomenologi dari Alfred Schutz, dan dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif untuk mengetahui motif para pelajar berfoto selfie dalam berbagai tampilan diri. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, terdapat tiga motif selfie di kalangan pelajar SD di daerah Kebon Jeruk Jakarta Barat saat mengirim foto selfie mereka sebagai presensi kelas virtual yakni: (1) sebagai bukti kehadiran, (2) membangun citra diri, dan (3) untuk menarik perhatian orang lain.
Modelo constitutivo del juicio moral de Jesse Prinz: Una lectura crítica
Authors: Tovar Bohórquez José Oliverio
Published: October 2020

El propósito del presente ensayo es presentar una lectura crítica del modelo de constitución concebido por Jesse Prinz. De acuerdo con los modelos más significativos que se han producido hasta el momento, el juicio moral es el resultado de procesos cognitivos específicos, ya sean estos de tipo intuitivo, emocional o racional. Según afirma Prinz, la perspectiva sentimentalista sostiene que tales juicios son causados por emociones. En contraste, él defiende una tesis según la cual el juicio moral está constituido, no es causado, por aquéllas. En este artículo se presentará el argumento con el que Prinz sustenta su propuesta y se expondrán algunas inconsistencias.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA PADA KONSEP SISTEM REPRODUKSI (Penelitian di Kelas XI-IPA SMA Terpadu Ar-Risalah)
Authors: Pujianti Melia , Rusyana Adun
Published: October 2020

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah: (1) kecakapan berpikir kritis belum ditangani sungguh-sungguh oleh para guru di sekolah, (2) masih rendahnya rasa ingin tahu siswa, sehingga siswa cenderung merasa cepat puas dengan apa yang mereka ketahui, dan (3) siswa masih jarang bertanya. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah  pengaruh  model problem based learning terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah  untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan  model  problem based  learning  terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Hipotesis penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan penggunaan  model  problem  based  learning terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah  pre-experimental.  Objek penelitian adalah siswa SMA Terpadu Ar-Risalah Kelas XI-IPA  sebanyak  30 orang. Instrumen  penelitian berupa tes pilihan ganda yang disesuaikan dengan indikator berpikir kritis. Data diolah dengan menggunakan uji z (uji hipotesis) dan n-gain (untuk mengetahui tingkat pengaruh). Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan model problem based learning berpengaruh positif dan  signifikan terhadap peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis dengan kategori sedang (n-gain = 0,67). Kata kunci : Problem Based Learning, Berpikir Kritis.
Nerves transfers for functional hand recovery in traumatic lower brachial plexopathy
Authors: Souza Fernando Henrique , Bernardino Silvya Nery , Junior Auricelio Batista Cezar , Martins Hugo André de Lima , Souza Isabel Nery Bernardino , Souza Regina Nery Bernardino , Azevedo-Filho Hildo Rocha Cirne
Published: October 2020

Background:

Distal nerve transfers are an innovative modality for the treatment of C8-T1 brachial plexus lesions. The purpose of this case series is to report the authors’ results with hand restoration function by nerve transfer in patients with lower brachial plexus injury.

Methods:

Three consecutive nerve transfers were performed in a series of 11 patients to restore hand function after injury to the lower brachial plexus: brachialis motor branch to anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) and supinator branch to the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) in a first surgical procedure, and AIN to pronator quadratus branch of ulnar nerve between 4 and 6 months later.

Results:

In all, 11 male patients underwent 33 surgical procedures. Time between brachial plexus injury and surgery was a mean of 11 months (range 4–13 months). Postoperative follow-up ranged from 12 to 24 months. We observed recovery of M3 or better finger flexion strength (AIN) and wrist extension (PIN) in 8 of the 11 surgically treated upper limbs. These patients recovered full thumb and finger extension between 6 and 12 months of surgery, without significant loss of donor function.

Conclusion:

Nerve transfers represent a way of restoring volitional control of upper extremity function in patients with C8-T1 brachial plexus injury.
Three Priorities for Promoting Entrepreneurship – The Swiss Entrepreneurs Initiative
Authors: Enderli Simon
Published: October 2020

The Swiss Entrepreneurs Foundation was established in late 2017, with Federal Councillor Guy Parmelin its current patron. The privately funded public-interest foundation has three primary objectives: 1) Helping bring the innovative technologies of the future to market; 2) Delivering
improvements to the political environment for startups and innovative SMEs; 3) Channelling more Swiss growth capital to home-grown startups. It has implemented various initiatives to achieve these goals. It oversaw the creation of a fund to provide high-potential startups with financing, which
had raised CHF 250 million by the end of 2019. The UpScaler programme can rapidly provide support to growing businesses looking to open up international markets while the recently established Swiss Entrepreneurs & Startup Association has pledged itself to creating even better political
conditions. The Foundation can count on the support of a high-profile Advisory Board and has access to a pool of around 50 renowned entrepreneurs and specialists.
AquaSparkTM – Rapid Environmental Monitoring of Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Ganz Giverny M. , Reinau Lukas , Imhaus Anne-Flore , Hupfeld Mario , Fieseler Lars
Published: October 2020

In order to prevent microbial contamination of food, monitoring of the production environment, together with the rapid detection of foodborne pathogens have proven to be of utmost importance for Food Safety. Environmental monitoring should detect harmful pathogens at the earliest point
in time in order for the necessary interventions to be taken. However, current detection methods fall short with regards to speed, ease of use, and cost. This article aims to present the idea behind NEMIS Technologies, a startup company making use of the novel AquaSparkTM technology
for the development of a new generation of bacterial detection methods. These methods utilize chemiluminescence in order to detect live target bacteria in a short period of time compared to that of conventional methods. We show that dry-stressed Listeria monocytogenes can be detected
within 24 hours, using small-molecule chemiluminescent probes, together with a bacteria-specific proprietary enrichment broth containing a cocktail of bacteriophages, which enhance the specificity and sensitivity. This novel platform technology has the potential to extend beyond environmental
monitoring towards food analyses as well as veterinary and human health.
Cartridge-based Automated Synthesis – A New Tool for the Synthetic Chemist
Authors: Wanner Benedikt M. , Nichols Paula L. , Jiang Tuo
Published: October 2020

Despite recent advances in reaction methodologies, organic synthesis remains complex and challenging. Many of the fundamental processes in use have not changed in over 100 years, with a large proportion of the work being carried out manually, using lengthy procedures and difficult or
hazardous reaction conditions. As such, organic synthesis still presents a bottle-neck in discovery research. Endeavours to automate synthesis in discovery, through robotic platforms, have so far not been widely successful because the highly complex nature of such machines, and the level of
skill required for their operation, presents a barrier too great for most discov- ery chemists. Synple Chem has developed a safe, easy to use, efficiency-enhancing automated technology for the acceleration of discovery research. The automated flow-batch hybrid system utilises a range of innovative
pre-packed reagent cartridges for different reaction classes, along with pre-programmed, highly optimised but editable reaction protocols. The combination of these three key elements, provides users with a convenient, easy to use, time-saving technology that makes the synthesis of molecules
far simpler, faster and more efficient. The described technology offers all discovery chemists access to real synthesis automation without any of the barriers that have previously restricted its utility.
Fortschrittliche Technologie im Dienste eines Antimodernisten. Heinrich Schenker und der österreichische Rundfunk
Authors: Deisinger Marko
Published: October 2020

The Viennese music theoretician Heinrich Schenker opposed modernity during his entire life. At first, this opposition applied to new technologies as well. Despite his skepticism, he purchased a radio shortly after the Austrian Broadcasting Corporation (RAVAG) started broadcasting in October 1924 and soon became an avid radio listener. Schenker quickly grasped the advantages of this new transmission medium and used it to further his own interests, aided by personal contacts with the RAVAG. In 1928, his associate Otto Erich Deutsch delivered a radio lecture co-authored with Schenker about the goals of the “Archive for Photograms of Musical Master Manuscripts” which was founded at Schenker’s instigation. In 1934, the RAVAG sponsored a competition, awarding the best text to a song fragment by Franz Schubert which in turn was discovered by Deutsch. Since the textless fragment lacks the final measures, Schenker had previously composed an ending for the song which was also performed on the radio.
Struktur und Exegese. Über Eigentümlichkeiten in der Arie »Des Vaters Stimme ließ sich hören« (BWV 7/4)
Authors: Schubert Benedikt
Published: October 2020

This study deals with a characteristic of the tenor aria “Des Vaters Stimme ließ sich hören” (BWV 7/4). Why does Bach use two imitating violins? So far unconsidered exegetical and hymnological sources can give a plausible answer to that question. Based on a detailed observation of these sources, the study aims to encourage us to think again about the various hermeneutical approaches to Bach’s sacred vocal music and how Bach can be located in the field of tension between individuality and ‘Zeitgeist’.
Computational Thinking in der Musikwissenschaft: Jupyter Notebook als Umgebung für Lehre und Forschung
Authors: Seifert Uwe , Klaßmann Sebastian , Varelmann Timo , Dahmen Nils
Published: October 2020

We show that in connection with the digitalization of musicology a special kind of mathematical and logical thinking, i. e. computational thinking/literacy, is in need. Computational thinking is characterized by effective procedures whereas computational literacy includes the implementation of these procedures on machines, i.e. programming. Both are the core of formalization, model building and computer simulation. Furthermore, we point out that “computation” as a central concept for the sciences in the 21st century and its use in cognitive science and the computational sciences make it necessary to reassess the basic assumptions underlying musicological research as science of mind (Geisteswissenschaft). We propose a digital habitat to integrate computational thinking/literacy in musicology and to become acquainted with model building and computer simulation. Jupyter Notebook provides a basis for such a digital habitat. We describe our use of Jupyter Notebook as a teaching environment for computational thinking/literacy.
Using Photoactive N-Heterocyclic Carbenes Monolayers to Identify the Influence of Surface Proximity on Photoswitching Activity
Authors: Dery Shahar , Alshanski Israel , Mervinetsky Evgeniy , Feferman Daniel , Yitzchaik Shlomo , Hurevich Mattan , Gross Elad
Published: October 2020

Self-assembly of photoresponsive molecules is a robust technology for reversibly tuning the chemical and electronic properties of functional materials. In most systems the photoactive group is separated from the surface by a spacer and thus the photo-responsiveness does not benefit from interactions with the metal. Herein, the impact of metal photoactive-group interactions on photoswitchability and surface potential were probed by self-assembly of N-heterocyclic carbene molecules (NHCs) that were functionalized with stilbene group directly on their imidazole ring. Stilbene-NHCs that were adsorbed on weakly interacting Au surface accumulated a vertical orientation, as identified by FTIR measurements. This positioning enabled structural flexibility and high photoisomerization efficiency that induced reversible changes in surface potential. Stilbene-NHCs that were anchored on Pt film accumulated flat-lying adsorption geometry due to strong metal-adsorbate interactions. These interactions limited the structural flexibility of the stilbene groups and induced deteriorated photoswitchability that led to lower photoinduced changes in surface potential. While stronger metal-adsorbate interactions hindered the photo-induced isomerization yield of stilbene, these interactions prompted the cis-to-trans thermal-induced isomerization rate, which was an order of magnitude higher on Pt than on Au.
Transient Colloid Assembly by Fuel-Driven Modulation of Depletion Interactions
Authors: Helm Michelle van der , Wang Chang-Lin , Lewis Reece , Schyck Sarah , Rossi Laura , Eelkema Rienk
Published: October 2020

In biology, energy stored in chemical fuels is used to drive processes energetically uphill, enabling the highly dynamic behavior of living organisms. The out-of-equilibrium behavior can propagate from molecular reaction networks to the micro- and macroscopic scale. These natural phenomena have sparked the design of man-made out of equilibrium chemical reaction networks (CRNs) and dissipative assembly systems with hydrogels, (supra)polymers, vesicles/micelles and colloids. In colloidal systems, the assembly process is typically controlled by balancing the interaction forces. Here, we use a polymeric depletant integrated in a fuel driven esterification CRN to induce transient colloidal assembly. The polymer undergoes a temporal coil-globule transition upon acetylation by the chemical fuel. In the random coil conformation it acts as depletant agent for the silica colloids, promoting colloidal aggregation. As compact globule, the polymer loses its

depletant characteristics. During the fuel cycle the polymer cyclically transitions from one form to the other, directly influencing colloidal aggregation and redispersion. Thus, a fuel-driven CRN on the molecular scale results in a microscopic response with a transient colloidal depletion cycle. Overall, the time-dependent propagation of out-of-equilibrium activity across length scales presented here, offers opportunities to design responsive materials with life like properties.
Large Piezoelectric Response and Ferroelectricity in Li and V/Nb/Ta co-doped w-AlN
Authors: Noor-A-Alam Mohammad , Olszewski Oskar , Campanella Humberto , Nolan Michael
Published: October 2020

Based on density functional theory, we show that Li andX (X=V, Nb and Ta) co-doping in 1Li:1X ratio broadens thecompositional freedom for significant piezoelectric enhancement in w-AlN, promising them to be good alternatives of expensive Sc. Interestingly, these co-doped w-AlN also show quite large spontaneous electric polarization about 0.80 C/m2 with the possibility of ferroelectric polarization switching, opening new possibilities in wurtzite nitrides. Increase in piezoelectric stress constant (e33) with decrease in elastic constant ( C33 ) results enhancement in piezoelectric strain constant ( d33 ), which is desired for improving the performance of resonators for high frequency RF signals. Also, these co-doped w-AlN are potential lead-free piezoelectric materials for energy harvesting and sensors as they improve the longitudinal electromechanical coupling constant (K^2 33), transverse piezoelectric strain constant (d31), and figure of merit for power generation. However, the enhancement in K^2 33 is not as pronounced as that in d33, because co-doping increases the dielectric constant. The longitudinal acoustic wave velocity (7.09 km/s) of Li0.1875Ta0.1875Al0.625N is quite comparable with that of commercially used piezoelectric LiNbO3 or LiTaO3 in special cuts (about 5~7 km/s) despite the fact that the acoustic wave velocities drop with co-doping or Sc concentration.
Phytochemical and pharmacological assessment of leaf extract of Pedalium murex Linn herb
Authors: Gomathi Swaminathan  , Srikanth Jupudi  , Sathish R  , Roshan NS  , Kalirajan Rajagopal
Published: October 2020

Herbal plants have been used to avert and to heal numerous ailments for thousands of years. There are reputable sources of active components using their health beneficial effects, and repeatedly, these sources are materials for gourmet food feastings. Specific bioactive components from the herbs have been established for their anti-neoplastic activities. The herbal plant Pedalium murex Linn (Family: Pedaliaceae) universally known to the world as “Large Caltrops”. The plant is rich in flavonoids, phenolics and glycosides. The key target of the contemporary research was to explore the free radical scavenging, in vitro anti-tumour potential of Pedalium murex Linn leaves in non-polar petroleum ether & polar ethanol solvent extracts. Preliminary phytochemical examination of extracts showed that this plant leaf contains alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, steroids & tannins. This initial investigation proved that Pedalium murex Linn (95% v/v of ethanol extract) leaves (EEPM) were significantly reduced and inhibit the free radicals. IC 50 values were representing, EEPM possessed strong anti-oxidant activity when compared to petroleum ether extract of Pedalium murex Linn. leaves. In vitro anti-neoplastic activity of EEPM was studied on the two different cancer cell lines such as HCT116, HepG2 by MTT assay method. All the four different doses of EEPM (62.5, 125, 250 & 500 µg/ml) produced significant activity against HepG2 cell lines. It shows that phyto lead molecules such as flavonoids & phenolic compounds existing in the EEPM may be accountable for the anti-cancer activities.
Conflitos de Agência e Assimetria de Informações Contábeis: Entre a Tomada de Decisão e a Gestão Corporativa
Authors: Almeida Kathleen Xavier de , Santos Ruan Carlos dos , Mesquita Maria do Socorro Silva , Lima Rosimery Alves de Almeida de
Published: October 2020

Objetivo – O registro e divulgação das informações contábeis da empresa, atribuição do profissional de contabilidade, é de suma importância para o processo de tomada de decisão para a empresa-administrador. Esse ensaio teórico apresenta e discute as principais contribuições da teoria acerca da tomada de decisões dos administradores entre a empresa e o processo contábil.Metodologia – Em termos metodológicos este estudo define-se como um ensaio teórico, no sentido que busca através da literatura existente a compreensão do tema de Governança Corporativa em Organizações Não Governamentais. Este estudo pode ser classificado como uma pesquisa bibliográfica teórico-conceitual. O estudo irá buscar na literatura existente do tema, com o intuito de elaborar um referencial teórico sobre Teoria da Agência, Contabilidade e Governança Corporativa.Resultados – Como contribuição à discussão, este trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir de ampla pesquisa bibliográfica em periódicos e eventos brasileiros e internacionais, contemplando fundamentos relacionados a realidade da Contabilidade e as organizações. Apesar de poucas pesquisas abordarem a associação destas teorias com a prática da contabilidade, especialmente no que diz respeito a produção de informação contábil para usuários externos, os achados da investigação expõem a estreita relação entre os dois campos de conhecimento. Contribuições – Entre as principais contribuições das teorias da decisão à ciência contábil, destacam-se os conhecimentos sobre o comportamento humano que podem ser utilizados na contabilidade comportamental, a necessidade de subsídios para os contadores tomarem decisões mais racionais e, principalmente, a possibilidade de aperfeiçoamento dos sistemas contábeis, visando o melhor tratamento das informações para o processo decisório.
Genetic programming for job shop scheduling
Authors: Nguyen S , Zhang Mengjie , Johnston M , Tan KC
Published: October 2020

© 2019, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature. Designing effective scheduling rules or heuristics for a manufacturing system such as job shops is not a trivial task. In the early stage, scheduling experts rely on their experiences to develop dispatching rules and further improve them through trials-and-errors, sometimes with the help of computer simulations. In recent years, automated design approaches have been applied to develop effective dispatching rules for job shop scheduling (JSS). Genetic programming (GP) is currently the most popular approach for this task. The goal of this chapter is to summarise existing studies in this field to provide an overall picture to interested researchers. Then, we demonstrate some recent ideas to enhance the effectiveness of GP for JSS and discuss interesting research topics for future studies.
Representações sociais e práticas curriculares: um encontro nas aulas de biologia
Authors: Simplício Paula Roberta Galvão , Santos Adriana Cavalcanti dos
Published: October 2020

A investigação teve por objetivo analisar as relações entre as Representações Sociais e o conhecimento científico sobre as infecções virais nas aulas de Biologia de turmas do PROEJA. O corpus da pesquisa consiste em diálogos coletados em contexto de grupo focal, cujas vozes dos sujeitos foram analisadas tendo por base as orientações da Análise Textual Discursiva. A discussão apontou que os alunos construíram Representações Sociais sobre infecções virais, sobretudo, nas suas relações na comunidade e/ou em contextos que foram infectados por algum tipo de vírus. E que estes saberes podem ser potencializados e reelaborados cientificamente por meio de práticas curriculares contextualizadas que garantam uma justiça social e curricular.
Retrospective analysis on confirmation rates for referred positive rotavirus samples in England, 2016 to 2017: implications for diagnosis and surveillance
Authors: Celma Cristina C , Beard Stuart , Douglas Amy , Wong Shan , Osafo Nana-Kwame , Hannah Matthew , Hale Ashleigh , Huggins Gabrielle , Ladhani Shamez , Dunning Jake
Published: October 2020

Background

Rapid diagnostic tests are commonly used by hospital laboratories in England to detect rotavirus (RV), and results are used to inform clinical management and support national surveillance of the infant rotavirus immunisation programme since 2013. In 2017, the Public Health England (PHE) national reference laboratory for enteric viruses observed that the presence of RV could not be confirmed by PCR in a proportion of RV-positive samples referred for confirmatory detection.

Aim

We aimed to compare the positivity rate of detection methods used by hospital laboratories with the PHE confirmatory test rate.

Methods

Rotavirus specimens testing positive at local hospital laboratories were re-tested at the PHE national reference laboratory using a PCR test. Confirmatory results were compared to original results from the PHE laboratory information management system.

Results

Hospital laboratories screened 70.1% (2,608/3,721) of RV samples using immunochromatographic assay (IC) or rapid tests, 15.5% (578/3,721) using enzyme immunoassays (EIA) and 14.4% (535/3,721) using PCR. Overall, 1,011/3,721 (27.2%) locally RV-positive samples referred to PHE in 2016 and 2017 failed RV detection using the PHE reference laboratory PCR test. Confirmation rates were 66.9% (1,746/2,608) for the IC tests, 87.4% (505/578) for the EIA and 86.4% (465/535) for the PCR assays. Seasonal confirmation rate discrepancies were also evident for IC tests.

Conclusions

This report highlights high false positive rates with the most commonly used RV screening tests and emphasises the importance of implementing verified confirmatory tests for RV detections. This has implications for clinical diagnosis and national surveillance.
Food security in the time of Coronavirus (COVID-19). The Argentine case
Authors:   Toxicology Laboratory, Exacts Sciences College, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), CCT-La Plata. Facultad Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Street 47 and 116 (1900) La Plata, Argentina.
Published: October 2020

The context of pandemic of the human coronavirus COVID-19, preventive strategies based on mandatory social isolation (quarantine) were imposed by governments to reduce transmission in the community. However, they have had a strong impact on the economies of the countries and on the people as massive layoffs, decreased wages, uncertainty, inability to work formally, increasing precariousness and inequality and food insecurity. Without a doubt, the pandemic surprised Argentina without the necessary tools to amortize the attacks of the disease, and all the collateral consequences that emerge from it. The concept of food insecurity represents a situation or a process experienced by households in which there is a limited and uncertain availability of the quantity and quality of food that allow covering the nutritional requirements of people, thus as an also limited and uncertain availability of the ability to acquire them in an acceptable way from a social and cultural perspective. This work addresses household food insecurity at the micro-social level based on their own surveys and describes the strategies carried out by households in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires city, Argentina to withstand the effect. FI status was assessed among 200 adult university students a mean age of 28±6 years (57% female, 43% male) during isolation period in April -May 2020 using the food insecurity experience scale (FIES). The students responded affirmatively and with a higher percentage value to the items related to the lack of money to consume healthy and nutritious food. Food security status of the 200 students survey, 23.5 per cent (n = 47) were food secure. Food insecurity was reported by 76.5% (n = 153). Of these, 50% (n = 100) were mild food insecurity, 25.5% (n = 51) were moderate, while 1% (n = 2) were severe food insecurity. Food insecurity derived from access, as well as the difficulties of finding variety in food at affordable prices due to the obstacles imposed by the isolation affected food security. The changes on food intake during quarantine period was also analysed. In the current particular situation, it is advisable to improve the consumption of fresh food. Meat consumption has also been altered, shifting its consumption to cuts of less economic value. Among the reasons for this change in eating habits during this period, it is possible that the increase in stress, anxiety due to isolation, as well as the economic reasons and those that result from difficulties in accessing points of sale could explain these changes.
CURRENT PROBLEMS OF CREATION OF RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SYNTHESIS OF NEW MATERIALS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIETY
Authors: Zatsarinnyy Aleksandеr , Abgaryan Karine
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the main aspects of the importance of developing a high-performance environment for scientific research in the context of digital transformation for solving the problems of synthesizing new materials with desired properties. An analysis of the experience of the FRC IU RAS in the creation of a modern high-performance platform and its use for scientific research is given.
CONSISTENT MODELING OF DC AND AC CHARACTERISTICS OF GaN/AlGaN MICROWAVE POWER HEMTS
Authors: Pedro José , Gomes João , Nunes Luís
Published: October 2020

This work discusses the necessary modelling efforts needed to build nonlinear equivalent-circuit models that can produce consistent directcurrent (dc) and alternate-current (ac) characteristics of non-quasi-static devices such as GaN/AlGaN HEMTs, showing electro-thermal and/or trapping behavior. With this goal in mind, a measurement methodology addressing both pulsed dc I/V characteristics and pulsed S-parameters is presented and exemplifying results are shown.