bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meaningful group culture: development of a multidimensional measure using multilevel assessment
Authors: Fatima Seerat , Hassan Muhammad Mubbashar
Published: December 2022

Purpose

There is a growing array of literature that supports various implications of positive organizational psychology on workplace outcomes such as the positive work cultures. However, lack of appropriate measuring instruments is halting the progress in this field. Laid down in this article are the conceptual and empirical perspective regarding a positive group culture, i.e. meaningful group culture (MGC) and elaboration of what MGC is and how to measure it. For this study, the MGC is defined as a culture of humane orientation and explained through five dimensions: ideology infused, caring for employees, pro diversity, helping and employee-centric organization identification. The purpose of this paper is to address this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

To further elucidate, development and validation of the MGC instrument was carried out in three phases. In the very first phase, content and face validity was assessed by experts. Following it, the second phase construct validity was undertaken through exploratory factor analysis of the results from the use of the instrument on a sample of 540 professionals. To end with, in the third phase, multilevel confirmatory analysis was conducted on an organizational sample of 397 individuals and 106 groups.

Findings

The results of the Multilevel Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MCFA) provided further evidence of confirmation that the extraction of five factors was appropriate, and reliability analysis showed the MGC to be both valid and reliable. Consequently, the applications of the tool to Human Resource Development (HRD) professionals are suggested.

Research limitations/implications

To broaden the coverage and enhance generalizability, the study focused on multi-sector convenient based sample.

Practical implications

HRD professionals can use it as a diagnostic tool for deeper exploration into systematic and organizational issues. The use of it can provide a window for addressing the developmental needs within the organizations.

Originality/value

This study is possibly one of the first to develop a psychometrically valid scale to measure higher order measure of a work group culture through multilevel assessment of the model.
Psychological capital, moral courage and internal audit effectiveness (IAE): a complementary or substitution effect
Authors: Khelil Imen
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the impact of two psychological drivers, namely, psychological capital (PsyCap) and moral courage on internal audit effectiveness (IAE) and whether there is a substitution effect or complementary role of these psychological factors on IAE in the Tunisian setting.

Design/methodology/approach

IAE is measured using managers’ perceptions of the internal audit function based on 157 responses received from managers, while the remaining variables (including PsyCap and moral courage) are based on 157 internal auditors’ responses.

Findings

Findings suggest that PsyCap has a positive and significant impact on IAE, while moral courage has an insignificant impact on the same variable. Accordingly, PsyCap and moral courage are not playing a complementary role in improving IAE, and PsyCap substitutes for moral courage in increasing IAE. A battery of checks using interaction terms between moral courage and PsyCap corroborate these findings.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study fills one of the major research gaps in the auditing literature by emphasizing the role played by PsyCap in improving IAE. The findings may have policy implications for top firm management, especially when recruiting internal auditors who should enjoy efficacy, hope, resilience and optimism to help the organization achieve its strategic objectives and increase its performance.
Progressive interstitial lung disease in hypomyopathic dermatomyositis in the COVID‐19 pandemic: A case report
Authors: Wang Shenqi , Lyu Yi , Xu Ling , Zhang Wenmei
Published: December 2022

Background

Clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) is characterized by typical skin lesions with no (amyopathic) or subclinical (hypomyopathic) evidence of muscle involvement. Patients with CADM may also develop rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD), and have a poor prognosis. However, the diagnosis of rapidly progressive ILD faces a challenge during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic. Severe acute respiratory syndrome and ground‐glass attenuation on a chest computed tomography scan are the presenting features in both conditions.

Case presentation

A 45‐year‐old woman with amyopathic dermatomyositis had acute onset of fever and dyspnea in February 2020. She had abnormal lung findings on CT scan. Polymerase chain reaction testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 was not available at that time. Chest CT revealed non‐specific manifestations that could be either the signs of ILD or SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Antiviral therapy was initiated with oseltamivir. Three days later, she had erythema on face, palm, and back. The ratio of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme 3 to total LDH was elevated. The ratio of LDH isoenzyme 1 to total LDH was declined. Therefore, she was transferred to the rheumatology ward for further treatment. However, she died from respiratory failure 2 weeks later.

Conclusions

We speculate that the altered LDH isoenzyme pattern may be an early biomarker for co‐occurrence of CADM and ILD.
Musculoskeletal education in undergraduate medical curricula–A systematic review
Authors: Harkins Patricia , Burke Eoghan , Conway Richard
Published: December 2022

Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases encompass a vast spectrum of up to 200 conditions that are increasingly prevalent, with significant associated disability and socioeconomic burden. Their impact is pervasive, with musculoskeletal conditions being the second leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide, in addition to the 9th most common cause of disability‐adjusted life years. It is therefore imperative that all graduating medical physicians are competent in their management, and that the quality of undergraduate musculoskeletal education is commensurate with patient and societal needs. A systematic literature review was conducted between April 1, 2021 and June 1, 2021 assessing the quality of undergraduate musculoskeletal education in medical schools. Educational interventions in musculoskeletal medicine were also included. Quality assessment appraisal of the studies was done using a Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. One thousand and thirty‐three titles were screened, and 44 studies were included in the final analysis. Our analysis of these studies showed that the quality of undergraduate musculoskeletal education, as determined by the cognitive mastery and clinical confidence of undergraduate medical students remains inadequate. Multiple educational interventions were assessed with mixed results. Despite the prevalence, and burden associated with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases, the musculoskeletal education of undergraduate medical students remains inadequate. Urgent international collaboration is required to devise teaching strategies and curriculum initiatives that are globally and reproducibly applicable and effective. Further research into educational interventions and teaching strategies is also required.
Visceral leishmaniasis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: Dilemma in diagnosis and management
Authors: Akkuzu Gamze , Ozkara Selvinaz , Ozgur Duygu Sevinc , Karaalioglu Bilgin , Yıldırım Fatih , Ayer Mesut , Bes Cemal
Published: December 2022

Patients with systemic lupus erythemasus (SLE) have an increased risk of bacterial, viral, fungal or parasitic infections, especially if they are receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Leishmaniasis is a group of diseases caused by intracellular flagellate protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania. We present a 48‐year‐old female patient, diagnosed with SLE many years ago, who presented with high fever and pancytopenia. We thought that the patient's hematologic findings were related to SLE hematologic involvement. However, we investigated other possible causes when there was no response to drugs for the treatment of SLE. A second bone marrow biopsy showed Leishmania amastigotes and the patient was diagnosed with leishmaniasis. The patient was treated with liposomal amphotericin‐B (treatment completed at 40 days). She showed rapid clinical improvement and showed no signs of disease after 4 months.
Coexistence of 3q29 microdeletion syndrome and Takayasu arteritis: A case report
Authors: Coşkun Cansu , Kardaş Rıza Can , Küçük Hamit
Published: December 2022

Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a rare type of large and medial vessel systemic vasculitis. A variety of factors are thought to play a role in the occurrence and development of TAK such as human leukocyte antigen‐B52, autoimmunity, inflammation and environmental factors. 3q29 microdeletion syndrome is also a very rare inherited disease, which includes intellectual disability, growth retardation and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we present a case with concomitant TAK and 3q29 microdeletion syndrome. A 22‐year‐old woman presented to the emergency department with sudden bilateral vision loss and severe headache. During physical examination, the patient was noted to have a difference in blood pressure between extremities. Computed tomography angiography revealed vascular wall inflammation in the abdominal aorta. Based on clinical and radiographical findings, a diagnosis of TAK was made. Concurrently, the patient was found to have short stature and intellectual disability. A possible genetic etiology was sought out. Chromosome analysis showed a 1.5 Mb heterozygous deletion on chromosome 3 and a diagnosis of 3q29 microdeletion was made. Additional imaging also revealed a split cord in medulla spinalis along with hemivertebrae and fusion anomalies, neither of which were reported in TAK or 3q29 microdeletion cases in the literature.
Factors associated with social participation and community ambulation in people with osteoarthritis: Findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Webber Sandra C. , Barclay Ruth , Ripat Jacquie , Nowicki Scott , Tate Robert
Published: December 2022

Aim

Walking in the community allows participation in meaningful activities which positively influences self‐rated health and quality of life. Our objective was to identify factors associated with social participation and community ambulation in a representative sample of Canadian adults with osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

Data were from >3800 participants in the Baseline Tracking Dataset of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging with OA of the hip and/or knee. Outcomes included frequency of participation in 8 community‐based activities (past year, social participation), and frequency walking outside the home (past 7 days, community ambulation). Explanatory variables (15 for social participation, 11 for community ambulation) established in previous literature were evaluated. Variables significant in univariate binary logistic regression models were entered into multivariable models.

Results

Frequency of social participation was greater for females, and individuals with higher levels of education. Those who were younger, dissatisfied with life, and had difficulty walking 2–3 blocks were less likely to participate. Having fewer chronic conditions, being younger, being single/widowed and being interviewed in spring/summer were associated with more frequent ambulation. Lower self‐rated health, difficulty walking 2–3 blocks, pain and being female were associated with less frequent walking outside the home.

Conclusion

Many factors influence frequency of social participation and community ambulation. The ability to walk short distances is positively associated with both outcomes. This important factor can and should be addressed clinically to improve health and quality of life in people with OA.
Value of magnetic resonance imaging and sialography of the parotid gland for diagnosis of primary Sjögren syndrome
Authors: Rao Yujun , Xu Nan , Zhang Yongbin , Fang Yuxuan , Tian Longlong , Min Xingxing , Chen Guiyu , Dai Tiantian , Liu Nianxing , Wang Xuanhan , Gu Xiuting , Lai Hanpeng , Wang Wei , Li Guoqing
Published: December 2022

Aim

To evaluate the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance sialography (MRS) for diagnosis of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) singly or integrated with 2016 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatic Diseases (EULAR) classification criteria.

Methods

The diagnostic efficiencies of MRI, MRS, and labial salivary gland biopsy (LSGB) were evaluated. The prediction model was established by multivariate analysis. Finally, performance of the ACR/EULAR criteria was evaluated after addition of MRI + MRS or replacement of original items by MRI + MRS.

Results

The combined use of LSGB + MRI + MRS provided the greatest diagnostic value. MRI and MRS grade had positive correlations with disease duration and pathological grade of the labial gland (both P < 0.001). MRI and MRS grade had positive correlations with xerostomia severity and negative correlations with unstimulated salivary flow rate (both P < 0.001). The consistency of MRI grade and MRS grade in the diagnosis of parotid gland lesions was poor (κ = 0.253, P < 0.001). The diagnostic efficiency of our prediction model (AUC 0.906) was similar to that of criteria from the ACR/EULAR (AUC 0.930). Adding MRI + MRS to the ACR/EULAR criteria improved the sensitivity (92.3% vs 90.8%), whereas the specificity remained the same (88.9% vs 89.1%). Replacing LSGB by MRI + MRS in the ACR/EULAR criteria decreased both sensitivity and specificity (88.1% vs 90.8% and 86.4% vs 89.1%, respectively).

Conclusion

The combined application of MRI and MRS has ideal clinical application value in the diagnosis of early‐stage pSS. Validity of the ACR/EULAR criteria remains high after incorporation of MRI + MRS.
Venous sinus thrombosis in a case of immunoglobulin A vasculitis and a systemic review of literature
Authors: Zheng Qi , He Qian , Huang Hongxia , Lu Meiping
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To describe venous sinus thrombosis involved in immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis and identify the clinical features and imaging findings of this rare disease.

Methods

We describe a case with venous sinus thrombosis related to IgA vasculitis, and a systematic review of previously reported cases in the literature.

Results

A 10‐year‐old boy presented with recurrent petechiae of the lower extremities with abdominal pain, and was diagnosed as having IgA vasculitis. He had a sudden headache during the treatment of steroids, and venous sinus thrombosis was diagnosed according to magnetic resonance imaging. Venous sinus thrombosis is a rare complication of IgA vasculitis. Based on the systematic review, most of these reported cases who developed venous sinus thrombosis had multi‐system involvement, which included skin, joints, gastrointestinal tract or kidneys. Sudden headache was the most common symptom of central venous sinus thrombosis. Some cases may also manifest as seizures and blindness. The sagittal sinus was the most common site of thrombosis. Magnetic resonance image, magnetic resonance venography, or computed tomography angiography were helpful for early diagnosis of this disease. Combination therapy of steroids and anticoagulation medication was effective in rapidly reliving clinical symptoms.

Conclusions

Sudden headache in patients with IgA vasculitis requires vigilance for the possibility of central venous sinus thrombosis. Anti‐inflammatories combined with anticoagulant therapy were needed for these patients.
Do patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome who undergo hip arthroscopy display improved alpha angle (magnetic resonance imaging) and radiographic hip morphology?
Authors: Thirumaran Aricia Jieqi , Murphy Nicholas J , Eyles Jillian Peta , Linklater James M. , Reichenbach Stephan , Schmaranzer Florian , Lerch Till D. , Venkatesha Venkatesha , Heller Gillian , O'Donnell John , Hunter David J.
Published: December 2022

Aims

To compare (a) the change in radiological bony morphology between participants with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome who underwent arthroscopic hip surgery compared to physiotherapist‐led non‐surgical care and (b) the change in radiological bony morphology between participants with FAI syndrome who underwent arthroscopic hip surgery involving cam resection or acetabular rim trimming or combined cam resection and acetabular rim trimming.

Methods

Maximum alpha angle measurements on magnetic resonance imaging and Hip2Norm standardized hip measurements on radiographs were recorded at baseline and at 12 months postoperatively. One‐way analysis of covariance and independent T tests were conducted between participants who underwent arthroscopic hip surgery and physiotherapist‐led non‐surgical care. Independent T tests and analysis of variance were conducted between participants who underwent the 3 different arthroscopic hip procedures.

Results

Arthroscopic hip surgery resulted in significant improvements to mean alpha angle measurements (decreased from 70.8° to 62.1°) (P value < .001, 95% CI −11.776, −4.772), lateral center edge angle (LCEA) (P value = .030, 95% CI −3.403, −0.180) and extrusion index (P value = 0.002, 95% CI 0.882, 3.968) compared to physiotherapist‐led management. Mean maximum 1‐year postoperative alpha angle was 59.0° (P value = .003, 95% CI 4.845, 18.768) for participants who underwent isolated cam resection. Measurements comparing the 3 different arthroscopic hip procedures only differed in total femoral head coverage (F[2,37] = 3.470, P = .042).

Conclusion

Arthroscopic hip surgery resulted in statistically significant improvements to LCEA, extrusion index and alpha angle as compared to physiotherapist‐led management. Measured outcomes between participants who underwent cam resection and/or acetabular rim trimming only differed in total femoral head coverage.
Report of 2 pediatric cases with atypical Cogan's syndrome and a systematic review
Authors: Kasap Cuceoglu Muserref , Basaran Ozge , Batu Ezgi Deniz , Kaya Akca Ummusen , Atalay Erdal , Sener Seher , Balik Zeynep , Bayindir Yagmur , Aliyev Emil , Gocmen Rahsan , Kadayifcilar Sibel , Akyol Umut , Bilginer Yelda , Ozen Seza
Published: December 2022

Cogan's syndrome (CS) is a rare inflammatory disease characterized by interstitial keratitis or uveitis, vestibular impairment, and progressive hearing loss, commonly bilateral. Although glucocorticoids are fundamental treatment options, in most cases, hearing loss gradually worsens. Herein we report 2 pediatric cases of CS who were treated with corticosteroids and methotrexate. One patient had a cochlear implant, and the hearing of the other patient improved with treatment. Also, a systematic literature review was conducted for articles including pediatric CS patients. In the literature, 34 articles describing 44 pediatric patients with CS were identified. Sudden hearing loss (95.3%) and ocular symptoms (92.5%) were the most common manifestations in these patients. Also, aortic involvement was present in 19.5% of patients in the literature. Otorhinolaryngologists, ophthalmologists, and pediatricians should collaborate to diagnose and manage CS to prevent progressive hearing loss and eye involvement.
Long‐term survival, causes of death, and prognostic factors for mortality in patients with microscopic polyangiitis and those with anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐positive interstitial lung disease: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Takakuwa Yukiko , Yamasaki Yoshioki , Matsushita Hiromi , Kiyokawa Tomofumi , Mizushima Machiko , Tonooka Kumiko , Nagafuchi Hiroko , Matsuoka Shin , Ooka Seido , Kawahata Kimito
Published: December 2022

Aim

To elucidate the clinical features, long‐term survival, and prognostic factors for mortality among patients with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), including those with anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐positive interstitial lung disease (ILD) (ANCA‐ILD), which could be a subset of its variant phenotype.

Methods

We retrospectively included 76 consecutive patients between 2006 and 2014, diagnosed with MPA according to the European Medicines Agency algorithm using the Chapel Hill Consensus Conference definitions or ANCA‐ILD. ILD was classified as usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) or nonspecific interstitial pneumonia pattern using chest computed tomography.

Results

The mean (standard deviation) age of the patients (female, 68%) was 69 (12) years. The median (interquartile range) follow‐up period was 68 (33‐95) months. Comorbid ILD and glomerulonephritis were observed in 44 (58%) (68% UIP) and 54 (71%) patients, respectively. Comorbid ILD was associated with low survival (P = .0563). There were 17 (39%) and 5 (16%) deaths in the ILD and non‐ILD groups, respectively (P = .0404). In the ILD group, 6 and 5 of the deaths were attributed to infection and ILD progression, respectively. In the non‐ILD group, 1 and 2 patients expired from subsequently developed ILD and aspiration pneumonia, respectively. Age ≥ 70 years (hazard ratio = 2.78; 95% confidential interval 1.15‐6.70) and UIP (3.95; 1.60‐9.77) were independent risk factors for mortality.

Conclusion

Age ≥ 70 years and ILD with a UIP pattern were associated with high mortality, owing to susceptibility to infection and ILD progression. A more effective and less toxic treatment is required for progressive ILD.
Tail risk of coal futures in China's market
Authors: Shen Ze , Wang Minglu , Wan Qing
Published: December 2022

This study evaluates the downside tail risk of coal futures contracts (coke, coking coal and thermal coal) traded in the Chinese market between 2011 and 2021, measured by value at risk (VaR). We examine the one‐day‐ahead VaR forecasting performance with a hybrid econometric and deep learning model (GARCH‐LSTM), GARCH family models, extreme value theory models, quantile regression models and two naïve models (historical simulation and exponentially weighted moving average). We use four backtesting techniques and the model confidence set to identify the optimal models. The results suggest that the models focusing on tail risk or utilising long short‐term memory generate more effective risk management.
NADPH oxidase and endoplasmic reticulum stress is associated with neuronal degeneration in orbitofrontal cortex of individuals with alcohol use disorder
Authors: Qin Liya , Vetreno Ryan P. , Crews Fulton T.
Published: December 2022

Many disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), including alcohol use disorder (AUD), are associated with induction of proinflammatory neuroimmune signalling and neurodegeneration. In previous studies, we found increased expression of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs), activated NF‐κB p65 (RELA), and other proinflammatory signalling molecules. Proinflammatory NADPH oxidases generate reactive oxygen species, which are linked to neurodegeneration. We tested the hypothesis that AUD increased RELA activation increases NADPH oxidase‐oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress cell death cascades in association with neuronal cell death in the human orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). In the AUD OFC, we report mRNA induction of several NADPH oxidases, the dual oxidase DUOX2, and the oxidative stress lipid peroxidation marker 4‐HNE and the DNA oxidation marker 8‐OHdG that correlate with RELA, a marker of proinflammatory NF‐κB activation. This was accompanied by increased expression of the ER stress‐associated regulator protein glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78), transmembrane sensors activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), protein kinase RNA‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), and inositol‐requiring kinase/endonuclease 1 (pIRE1), and the pro‐apoptotic transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Expression of NADPH oxidase‐oxidative stress markers correlate with ER stress‐associated molecules. Induction of oxidative stress and ER stress signalling pathways correlate with expression of cell death‐associated caspases and neuronal cell loss. These data support the hypothesis that proinflammatory RELA‐mediated induction of NADPH oxidase‐oxidative stress and ER stress‐associated signalling cascades is associated with neuronal cell death in the post‐mortem human OFC of individuals with AUD.
Outcomes of higher‐order multiple pregnancies in an Australian setting
Authors: Wong Shian‐Li , Emerson Sandra , Jamaludin Nadiah , Chang Melissa H.Y. , Welsh Alec
Published: December 2022

Background

Higher‐order multiple (HOM) pregnancies are associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity, especially consequent to preterm birth. Multi‐fetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR) may be provided, though its benefits in prolonging gestation and improving neonatal outcomes must be weighed against its risks.

Aims

The aim was to compare outcomes of HOM pregnancies where expectant management was chosen (EM) with those where MFPR was provided.

Methods

The method involved a retrospective study of HOM pregnancies referred to a single quaternary hospital between 2007 and 2016. The primary outcome was gestational age. Secondary outcomes included miscarriage, nursery admission, hospital stay, Apgar scores, early fetal loss, stillbirth, neonatal death and composite fetal loss.

Results

Fifty‐seven pregnancies were eligible for inclusion. Median gestation at birth (weeks) was significantly higher for MFPR (35.3 vs 33.1, P < 0.01). Pregnancies after MFPR were less likely to lead to preterm birth (63.2 vs 100.0%, P < 0.001), half as likely to birth before 34 weeks (31.6 vs 60.0%, P = 0.09) but similarly likely to extremely preterm birth (<28 weeks, 8.6 vs 10.5%, P = 0.58). Miscarriage was more likely after MFPR (13.6 vs 0%, P = 0.05). EM neonates were more likely to be admitted to the nursery (P < 0.01) and have longer hospital stay (29.6 vs 20.2 days, P = 0.05); however, they had similar Apgar scores.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that MFPR is associated with an increase in gestational age, with a reduction by almost half of births before 34 weeks, but no difference in extremely preterm births; the latter represents the highest risk group. This should be used to guide management counselling for HOM pregnancies.
Effect of Family Integrated Care on maternal stress in preterm infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A bi‐center experience
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Jiang Min , Xiang Xiying , He Wenwen , Du Juan , Hei Mingyan
Published: December 2022

Aim

To compare the effect of family integrated care (FICare) on maternal stress in preterm infants with traditional non‐parent neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) care.

Methods

We continuously enrolled mothers and their preterm infants from two NICUs between August 2014 and April 2017; while one NICU applied the FICare model (FICare group) and the other performed standard non‐parent care model (control group). Maternal stress was evaluated by the Parental Stress Scale: NICU (PSS: NICU) on admission and right before the discharge. A generalized linear model to adjust for potential confounders. Subgroup analysis was also performed for comparisons between two groups.

Results

A total of 215 mothers with preterm infants were included in this study, among whom 118 (54.88%) were in FICare group and 97 (45.12%) were in control group. The mean PSS: NICU score was 117.36 ± 26.27 on admission with no difference between two groups. Before being discharged home, the PSS: NICU score of parents in both groups was significantly reduced, with the score of FICare group was significantly lower than that of control group. In all sub‐domains of PSS: NICU score as sights and sounds, baby looks and behavior score, and parental role, the scores of FICare group were significantly lower than control group.

Conclusions

There was a simultaneous decrease of maternal stress for NICU preterm infants. FICare further facilitates reducing the maternal stress. It shall be encouraged to apply FICare model in NICUs.
Evaluation of post‐colostrum ingestion changes in the protein composition of peripheral blood of newborn piglets: A pilot study
Authors: Ito Ken R. , Kawasaki Kiyonori , Miura Hiroto , Tsukahara Takamitsu , Inoue Ryo
Published: December 2022

Putatively, colostral proteins are partly absorbed and transferred to blood circulation in newborn piglets, which suggests that colostrum ingestion alters the protein composition of their blood. Here, we conducted a pilot study to estimate the changes in the protein composition of piglet blood. Plasma collected from piglets pre‐ and post‐ingestion of colostrum (PreC and PostC) was analyzed by shotgun proteomics. Proteins in colostrum were also analyzed. We identified 393 and 427 proteins in PreC and PostC plasma, respectively, and 596 colostral proteins. Whereas 202 unique proteins were identified in PostC, PreC and PostC commonly shared 225 proteins. By contrast, when compared with PreC, 54 proteins in PostC had their emPAI values increased >2‐fold. Notably, using plasma samples collected from a separate experiment, the concentrations of growth differentiation factor 8 and haptoglobin were higher in PostC than in PreC, which was validated by ELISA. Approximately 60% of the uniquely identified or highly concentrated proteins in PostC were also found in colostrum, which were likely, at least partly, transferred from colostrum. The present study demonstrated that the protein composition of plasma of newborn piglets drastically changed post‐colostrum ingestion, partly due to transfer of colostral proteins.
Changes in immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G concentrations in the saliva of Japanese Black beef cows during calving: A pilot study
Authors: Haga Satoshi , Suzuki Yutaka , Miwa Masafumi , Kubota Kaiyu , Sakatani Miki
Published: December 2022

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) in saliva, mostly consisting of secretory IgA, plays an important role in the mucosal immune mechanism. This study evaluated changes in salivary IgA and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations in Japanese Black cows (n = 16) during calving. Individual saliva samples were collected −2, 0, and 2 weeks postpartum. Immunoglobulin concentrations differed significantly among weeks (P < 0.05), but the effect of parity and week × parity was insignificant. Salivary IgA concentrations decreased drastically (P < 0.05) after calving compared with those at −2 weeks postpartum and remained low until 2 weeks postpartum. The salivary IgG concentrations decreased gradually during peripartum and differed at −2 and 2 weeks postpartum (P < 0.05). Considering the immunoglobulin concentrations at −2 weeks postpartum as the reference standard for 100%, the rates of decrease in IgA concentrations (36.7 ± 6.9%) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of IgG (70.3 ± 10.1%) at calving day. To our knowledge, this is the first report indicating that salivary IgA concentrations decreased drastically after calving in Japanese Black cows. Further studies monitoring the secretory functions of IgA in the salivary gland are essential for understanding maternal immunity in cattle.
Relationship between frame rates and subpopulation structure of bovine sperm divided by their motility analyzed by a computer‐assisted sperm analysis system
Authors: Kanno Chihiro , Sun‐Sik Kang , Sakamoto Kentaro Q. , Yanagawa Yojiro , Katagiri Seiji , Nagano Masashi
Published: December 2022

The authors investigated the relationship between frame rates and subpopulation structure of bovine sperm divided by their motility analyzed by a computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Kinematic parameters of bovine sperm incubated in Brackett & Oliphant medium with and without calcium ionophore for 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min were evaluated by a CASA at 150 frames per second (fps) and analyzed structure of sperm motility subpopulation by cluster analysis. Then, we converted CASA data at 150 fps to 75, 50, and 30 fps and evaluated the structures of sperm motility subpopulation at different fps in each sperm by a discriminant analysis. As the results, the structure of sperm motility subpopulation was affected by frame rate. Sperm were divided into six clusters at 150, 75, and 50 fps; on the other hand, there were five clusters at 30 fps. Straight‐line velocity was similar at all frame rates. However, as the frame rate became higher, curvilinear velocity and beat cross frequency of sperm head increased significantly, whereas lateral sperm head displacement decreased significantly. In conclusion, higher frame rate at 150 fps is recommended to capture the trajectory of sperm accurately by CASA in the present study.
Review: Interventions addressing loneliness amongst university students: a systematic review
Authors: Ellard Olivia Betty , Dennison Christina , Tuomainen Helena
Published: December 2022

Background

Loneliness is detrimental to mental health, with university students at higher risk of feeling lonely than other population groups. However, little research has explored interventions to reduce loneliness among students. This review identifies the characteristics and effectiveness of interventions targeting university/college students.

Methods

PsycINFO, Medline, ASSIA and Web of Science were searched from inception using keywords linked to ‘loneliness’, ‘intervention’ and ‘students’. Relevant peer and nonpeer‐reviewed English‐language articles on studies implementing an intervention with loneliness as an outcome and investigating undergraduate or postgraduate students at a higher education institution were included for quality analysis and narrative synthesis. Risk of bias was assessed at both study level and at outcome level.

Results

Twenty‐eight articles were included, comprising 25 quantitative and three qualitative studies, covering 37 interventions, most implemented in the United States. Interventions were based on psychoeducation, social support groups, increasing social interaction or reflective exercises. The age of the participants (n = 2339) ranged from 17.62 to 25 (mean age 20.63) years. Evidence from the RCTs suggests that most interventions influenced loneliness outcomes, but the magnitude of the benefit is unclear. Across quantitative studies, 80% (16/20) of interventions based on either social support groups, increasing social interaction or reflective exercises, and 50% (7/14) of interventions based on psychoeducation were deemed effective in reducing loneliness. Most interventions measured quantitatively were delivered in a group setting, of which two thirds were considered effective in reducing loneliness scores, regardless of intervention.

Conclusions

Universities have a choice of interventions to help reduce loneliness among students either on campus or virtually. Ones promoting social connectedness appear to be more successful. More high‐quality studies in a larger number of countries are needed, taking vulnerable student groups into consideration.
Prevalence and trend of allergen sensitization in patients with cheilitis referred for patch testing, North American Contact Dermatitis Group data, 2001–2018
Authors: Silverberg Jonathan I. , Chaubal Manotri , Warshaw Erin M. , Maibach Howard I. , Belsito Donald V. , DeKoven Joel G. , Zug Kathryn A. , Taylor James S. , Sasseville Denis , DeLeo Vincent A. , Pratt Melanie D. , Reeder Margo J. , Atwater Amber R. , Fowler Joseph F. , Houle Marie‐Claude
Published: December 2022

Background

An updated understanding of allergic contact cheilitis is needed.

Objectives

To characterize clinical characteristics and allergen relevance in patients with cheilitis referred for patch testing.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of 43 772 patients patch tested with the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) screening series from 2001 to 2018.

Results

Overall, 2094 patients (4.8%) had lips as one of three sites of dermatitis, 1583 (3.6%) had lips as the primary site and 1167 (2.7%) had lips as the sole site of dermatitis. Prevalences of cheilitis at any, primary, and sole sites significantly increased throughout the study cycle from 2001–2002 (2.7%, 2.2% and 1.7%) to 2017–2018 (7.8%, 5.2% and 3.7%). Approximately 60% of patients with any, a primary, or a sole site of cheilitis had one or more positive allergic patch‐test reactions compared to 65% of those without cheilitis.

Conclusion

Patients with cheilitis who were referred for patch testing had high rates of positive and relevant allergens. More than one in four patients with any, primary, or sole cheilitis had a positive reaction to non‐NACDG screening allergens (28.0%, 26.8%, 31.1% vs. 21.6%) compared to patients without cheilitis, emphasizing the need for expanded patch test series in cheilitis.
Mountain gorillas benefit from social distancing too: Close proximity from tourists affects gorillas' sociality
Authors: Costa Raquel F. P. , Romano Valéria , Pereira André S. , Hart Jordan D. A. , MacIntosh Andrew , Hayashi Misato
Published: December 2022

Gorilla tourism supports the protection of its ecosystem, benefiting humans and wildlife populations living therein. Assessing to what degree the presence and proximity of tourists affect wildlife aids long‐term benefits. Because wild animals might see human activities as stressors, we hypothesized that the increased presence and proximity of tourists leads to immediate changes in gorilla social cohesion. We constructed social networks from association rates before, during, and after tourist visits, and when tourists were very close (≤3 m) or close (>3 m) to them. Our analysis focused on this distance threshold (≤3 m and >3 m) because the 7 m rule, enforced by the national park, was violated 84% of the time. We showed that gorillas spent more time in closer association after tourists arrived and when tourists were <3 m away from gorillas. Immediate changes were detected in the number of individuals close to each other, the time they spent together and the distance of an individual to all others, indicating that gorillas might increase social cohesion because they perceive tourists as a risk. These results highlight the need to enforce the tourism guidelines (maximum of eight people per group, including park staff; minimum distance of 7 m) to ensure the sustainable success of gorilla tourism.
Effects of wild, semi‐captive, and captive management on male Chiricahua leopard frog sperm quality with implications for conservation breeding programs
Authors: Julien Allison R. , Counsell Kristen R. , Burger Isabella J. , Kouba Andrew J. , Barber Diane , Cobos Cassidi , Jennings Randy D. , Christman Bruce L. , Kouba Carrie K.
Published: December 2022

The Chiricahua leopard frog (Lithobates chiricahuensis) is a threatened species endemic to the southwestern United States and Northern Mexico. Captive breeding programs were established to support reintroduction efforts, yet reproductive output has been lower than needed for recovery of the species. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of captivity on amphibian reproduction by (1) determining if captive, semi‐captive, and wild male L. chiricahuensis produce sperm at similar rates and concentration in response to hormone treatment; and (2) evaluating the quality of sperm obtained over time from these populations. Males from captive, semi‐captive, and wild locations were administered a combination of human chorionic gonadotropin and gonadotropin‐releasing hormone to stimulate sperm production and release. A high percentage of males in the captive (60%), semi‐captive (100%), and wild (95.3%) populations produced sperm following treatment. Sperm quality (forward progressive motility and total sperm motility) did not differ between groups. However, sperm quantity (sperm/ml) differed (p < .05) between populations, with semi‐captive and wild males producing higher concentrations of sperm than captive males. These results suggest that Chiricahua leopard frog sperm quantity, but not quality, may become negatively impacted by long‐term captivity in indoor, controlled settings.
Factors affecting ward nurses' basic life support experiences: An integrative literature review
Authors: Dermer Jennifer , James Steven , Palmer Christine , Christensen Martin , Craft Judy
Published: December 2022

Background

Performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation in non‐critical care hospital wards is a stressful event for the registered nurse; stress may negatively affect performance. Delays in initiating basic life support and following current basic life support algorithms have been reported globally.

Aim

The aim of this review was to investigate factors that can affect registered nurses' experiences of performing basic life support.

Methods

Using the five‐step integrative literature review method from Whittemore and Knafl, this review searched articles published between January 2000 and June 2022 for qualitative and quantitative primary studies from the databases CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), Medline (Web of Science), Scopus and PubMed.

Results

Nine studies from eight countries met the inclusion criteria and were appraised here. Five themes relating to factors affecting the performance of basic life support were found during this review: staff interaction issues, confidence concerns, fear of harm and potential litigation, defibrillation concerns and basic life support training issues.

Conclusions

This review revealed several concerns experienced by registered nurses in performing basic life support and highlights a lack of research. Factors affecting nurses' experiences need to be understood. This will allow education to focus on consideration of human factors, or non‐technical skills during basic life support training, as well as technical skills, to improve outcomes for patients experiencing an in‐hospital cardiopulmonary arrest.
Rapidly fabricating Y2O3 transparent ceramics at low temperature by SPS with mesoporous powder
Authors: Fang Hailiang , Gu Shijia , Fan Shengjie , Zhou Beiying , Huang Ping , Luo Wei , Wang Lianjun , Jiang Wan
Published: December 2022

Fine‐grained and dense highly transparent Y2O3 ceramics have been successfully prepared using high sintering activity mesoporous Y2O3 powders without any additive by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The influences of the sintering temperature on microstructure, density, optical, and mechanical properties of SPS‐sintered Y2O3 ceramics were studied in detail. As results, the optimal Y2O3 ceramics with high relative density of 99.90% and fine average grain size of 140 nm were obtained at a low sintering temperature of 1140°C and a moderate load pressure of 60 MPa for 5 min. Meanwhile, the dense Y2O3 ceramics with 1 mm thickness after annealing show a high linear transmittance of 78% (close to 94% of the theoretical value) at 2.4–3 µm wavelength. In additions, the Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of samples can reach 8.48 GPa and 1.45 MPa m1/2, respectively. This result proves that the high activity of mesoporous Y2O3 is considered to be an important means for preparing high‐performance fine Y2O3 ceramics at low sintering temperature.
Bridged polysilsesquioxane‐derived SiOCN ceramic aerogels for microwave absorption
Authors: Shao Gaofeng , Ding Chengxi , Yu Gaoyuan , Xu Rupan , Huang Xiaogu
Published: December 2022

The development of high‐performance microwave absorption materials in harsh environment is highly desirable but challenging. Herein, lightweight silicon oxycarbonitride (SiOCN) ceramic aerogels were fabricated by the pyrolysis of bridged polysilsesquioxane aerogels, which was presynthesized by a sol–gel method followed by vacuum drying. The structural order and content of free carbon phase determined by pyrolysis temperature play a critical role in modulating the impedance matching and attenuation capacity. The as‐prepared SiOCN aerogel pyrolyzed at 1000°C achieves a minimal reflection loss of −64.2 dB at 8.96 GHz and a broad bandwidth of 5.4 GHz at a low thickness of 2.15 mm. The hierarchical pore structure, abundant heterogeneous amorphous SiOCN/free carbon interfaces, and conductive free carbon phase benefit the superior absorption performance by forming good impedance matching, multiple scattering, interface polarization, and conduction losses. This work provides an insight for the rational design of polymer‐derived ceramic aerogel‐based microwave absorption materials for potential application under extreme conditions such as high‐temperature and oxidation environments.
Effect of CaO doping on densification and microstructure control of highly transparent La0.4Gd1.6Zr2O7 ceramics
Authors: Deng Shiwei , Liang Lexing , Tang Zhe , Yuan Haifeng , Zhang Cong , Li Zijie , Duan Junjing , Qi Jianqi , Lu Tiecheng
Published: December 2022

Calcium oxide (CaO) as sintering additive was first used to fabricate La0.4Gd1.6Zr2O7 transparent ceramics by a simple solid‐state reaction and one‐step vacuum sintering method. The effects of CaO dopant amount on the densification, as well as sintering behaviors and microstructure evolution of the as‐fabricated La0.4Gd1.6Zr2O7 ceramics, were systematically investigated. Under the different sintering temperatures, the relationships during the sintering process between grain growth and zpore elimination were analyzed as well. It was found that 0.1 wt% CaO doping can effectively control the rate of grain growth and promote densification dominated by surface diffusion. Furthermore, Ca2+ entered the lattice of La0.4Gd1.6Zr2O7 ceramics to accelerate ion diffusion and suppress grain boundary migration. With the introduction of 0.1 wt% CaO doping, the highly transparent La0.4Gd1.6Zr2O7 ceramics (T = 80.4% at 1100 nm) were successfully fabricated at the traditional sintering temperature (1850°C).
Cesarean delivery rates based on time and indication using the Robson Ten‐Group Classification System: Assessment at a Turkish tertiary center
Authors: Golbasi Ceren , Golbasi Hakan , Bayraktar Burak , Omeroglu Ibrahim , Vural Tayfun , Sahingoz Yildirim Alkim Gulsah , Ekin Atalay
Published: December 2022

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate increasing cesarean delivery (CD) rates, their causes, and changes over the years in a Turkish tertiary center using the Robson Ten‐Group Classification System (RTGCS).

Methods

Data of deliveries involving birth weight of ≥500 g or ≥24 weeks of gestation period from 2013 to 2020 were retrospectively collected and classified from the hospital digital record system using obstetric concepts and parameters described in the RTGCS.

Results

The overall CD rate for all births (69051) from 2013 to 2020 was 55.5%. Groups 3, 5, and 1 were the most represented groups (29.1%, 23.9%, and 19.4%, respectively). The major contributors to the overall CD rate were Groups 5, 2, and 10 (23.8%, 9.9%, and 5.6%, respectively). Groups 2 and 4 (nullipara, multipara, single cephalic at term) had high CD rates associated with high rates of pre‐labor CD (88.9% and 73.3%, respectively). The CD rate was 99.7% in Group 5, which showed recurrent CD, and 67.2% in Group 10. The overall CD rate was 60.8% in 2020 owing to the significant increase in the contributions by Groups 5, 8, and 10. The most common indication for CD was previous CD (46.1%), fetal distress (13.2%), and cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) (8%).

Conclusion

Groups 1, 2, 5, and 10 were the major contributors to the overall CD rate at this tertiary center. To reduce overall CD rates, policies that reduce primary CD and support vaginal delivery after cesarean section should be established.