bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on various Bacterial Species
Authors: Jawed Rihan , Ahmad Wajid
Published: March 2022

The study of microorganism is called microbiology, which includes bacteria, viruses, fungi and Protozoa. Microbes play a major role in this field. Microbes are also used for life-saving drugs etc. The effect of ultraviolet rays on the bacteria’s are mostly lethal to them, UV is a minor fraction of the solar spectrum reaching the ground surfaces, the UV light radiation will reduce the microbes in the surroundings as well as in the labs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the ultraviolet rays on pathogenic bacteria’s. Three organisms were selected for the study. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis. 30 watts UV tube was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the UV radiation. The exposure time was determined as 5, 10 and 15 mins at a close distance of 10cm. 20 microliter of suspension was taken and mixed in 2 ml of sterile normal saline and exposed for respective duration. Sub culture was done on suitable media after the exposure. Time exposed plates were incubated at 37 degree Celsius overnight and checked for the total CFU and data were tabulated. The Ultra violet radiation of pathogenic bacteria resulted in a significant total colony forming unit. Ultraviolet rays were lethal to the bacteria’s. There are many airborne bacteria’s surrounded by environment ultraviolet rays exposure will cause an apparent decrease in the pathogenic bacteria’s.
Current Therapeutic Targets for Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Surana Khemchand R. , Parkhe Abhijeet G. , Ahire Eknath D. , Pawar Anuprita R. , Khairnar Survarna , Mahajan Sunil K. , Patil Dhananjay M. , Sonawane Deepak D. , Kshirsagar Sanjay J.
Published: March 2022

Nociceptive ache signals the frame to capability or real tissue harm. By contrast, neuropathic ache, which ends from damage or harm to the worried system, persists lengthy in spite of everything symptoms and symptoms of the authentic damage have disappeared. This kind of maladaptive ache affords a full-size scientific problem, because it responds poorly or unpredictably to classical analgesics. There is likewise no single, uniformly well-tolerated drug this is reliably helpful. Neuropathic ache withinside the popular populace is expected to have a occurrence ranging among 3% and 17%. Most of the remedies for neuropathic ache have slight efficacy and gift aspect consequences that restriction their use; therefore, different healing strategies are wished for patients. In this article, the contemporary trendy of care treatment, the rising pharmacological strategies until date, and the preclinical research on novel promising healing alternatives could be reviewed.
ADAPTED MEDITERRANEAN DIET IMPACT ON THE SYMPTOMS OF CHRONIC FATIGUE, SERUM LEVELS OF OMEGA-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (PUFAS) AND INTERLEUKIN 17 (IL-17) IN PATIENTS WITH RELAPSING-REMITTING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS UNDERGOING DISEASE-MODIFYING THERAPY: A PILOT STUDY
Authors:   Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University – Pleven, Bulgaria., Ovcharova Emiliya , Danovska Maya ,   Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University – Pleven, Bulgaria., Marinova Diana ,   Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University – Pleven, Bulgaria., Pendicheva-Duhlenska Diana ,   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University – Pleven, Bulgaria., Tonchev Pencho ,   Department of Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Health Care, Medical University – Pleven, Bulgaria., Atanasova Milena ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University – Pleven, Bulgaria., Ruseva Adelaida ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University – Pleven, Bulgaria., Shepherd Nicholas ,   Department of Acute Medicine, Northampton General Hospital, UK., Tzveova Reni ,   Department of General and Clinical Pathology, University Hospital "Tsaritsa Yoanna" Sofia, Bulgaria.
Published: March 2022

Purpose: This pilot study was designed to investigate the impact of a moderate-calorie Mediterranean diet compared to a regular diet with omega-3 PUFAs (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) supplementation on fatigue symptoms in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and to assess the optional benefit of the diet on their quality of life. Material/Methods: This 12-month pilot study was conducted in 2021 at the Department of Neurology, Medical University – Pleven, Bulgaria. A total of 60 patients with RRMS aged 18-64 were selected from the database of the Neurology Clinic at the University Hospital "Dr Georgi Stranski" – Pleven. From the selected patients, only 30 were included in the pilot phase and respectively assigned to the nutritional arms. Blood samples were collected twice – at the first and second visit in 3 months, for metabolic and dietary parameters analysis. Symptoms of fatigue were assessed with Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (FSMC) and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). Results: From the 30 participants included in the study, 17 patients attended the clinic centre for complete follow-up; the remaining 13 were only partially observed. The dynamics of the followed-up parameters showed a statistically significant change in the body mass index (BMI), the fatigue symptoms in the FSMC and MFIS scales, total cholesterol and triglycerides levels, and the serum concentrations of IL17A, EPA and DHA. The metabolic caloric values were also found to be significantly changed. Conclusions: Despite the small study size limitation, this pilot study might be of benefit for further extensive research on the potential favorable impact of diet and lifestyle modifications on the symptoms of fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients.
Causes and Risk Factors of Low Birth Weight in Babies
Authors: Jangra Himanshi
Published: March 2022

Low birth weight (LBW) babies are the babies who born weighing less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces. Babies are born this tiny it is very rare. The weight of an average newborn is usually about 8 pounds [1]. The majority of LBW in low income countries is due to Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR), while it is mostly due to preterm birth in high income countries [2]. LBW babies are 20 times more likely to develop complications and die in comparison to normal weight babies. They are in the risk of cognitive deficits, motor delays, cerebral palsy, and other behavior and psychological problem [3].
Policies Guiding Pedagogy and Teacher of Business Studies Competency in Kajiado County, Kenya: Instructional Skills’ Policy Discourse
Authors: Munyao Mailo Emmanuel , Amollo Odundo Paul , Lilian Ganira Khavugwi
Published: March 2022

Operative utilization of policies guiding instructional skills is key in shaping ways in which teachers of Business studies incorporate varied methods of teaching, assessment of learning and integration of pedagogical resources for heightening learner academic achievement. Proper formulation and implementation of feasible policies guiding instructional skills possessed by teachers of Business studies tend to ensure even accommodation of learners during instruction process regardless of differences in learning preferences. This study pored over influence of policies directing teaching methods, assessment methods and pedagogical resources employed by teachers of Business studies in Kajiado county; Kenya. The study adopted Descriptive survey design and was informed by Context Evaluation, Input Evaluation, Process Evaluation and Product Evaluation (CIPP) model. A total of 42 respondents from eleven secondary schools in Isinya sub- county were targeted during the study. Data was collected using questionnaires as the main collection tool and interview schedules. The data gathered was ciphered and fed into SPSS software version 25.0 and statistical analysis using inferential and descriptive statistics was done on cross tabulations. The findings revealed that policies on instructional skills were significantly related to teacher competency. Informed by the findings, the study recommends that the Teachers Service Commission (TSC) and Ministry of Education (MoE) should formulate more policies that emphasis on instructional skills which lead teachers of Business studies to accommodate all learners during learning process. Further, the study recommends that the MoE should make teacher training in the country more practical by formulating policies that improve teaching practice period and training institutions to frequent micro teaching sessions, embracing diverse methods of teaching, assessment and guided choice of pedagogical resources.
震後建築物倒塌引起道路阻斷之評估模式與案例分析
Authors: 許智豪 許智豪 , Chih-Hao Hsu 柯孝勳 , Siao-Syun Ke 吳佳容
Published: March 2022

由災害案例顯示，在大規模地震下常會造成地表破壞、建物倒塌、維生管線毀壞、與道路阻斷狀況，例如1994年洛杉磯北嶺ML6.6地震、1995年日本阪神ML7.2地震、及1999年台灣921集集ML7.3地震，皆造成嚴重的建築物倒塌外，也間接引起周邊道路阻斷的情況，不僅衝擊都市機能運作外，亦導致鏈鎖性衝擊影響，災害後果顯示，地方政府需考量間接災難衝擊影響，例如震後建物倒塌引起的道路阻斷，與建物火災事件將加劇衝擊之後果，傷亡與經濟損失將高將於地震直接損失，有鑑於此，本研究藉災害衝擊鏈觀點，發展震後建物倒塌引致的道路阻斷評估模式，並利用地震情境模擬分析(中洲構造ML6.9)，有效整合震後建物起火數推估模式，發展出一套建物倒塌地震情境模擬分析程序。研究結果顯示，台南市示範區內強震區建物嚴重損壞，建物結構殘礫落下引起道路嚴重阻斷情況，尤其發生在台南市中西區老舊建物的鄰近道路，與醫療院所外部救援道路，此外震後造成建物倒塌發生三處火災事件，火災救援與傷患運輸等可能受到影響，對災害管理，強化都市防災機能，檢討防救災道路及防救災公共設施，防災應變能力，是刻不容緩之事，本研究結果可具體掌握震後道路系統阻斷情況，可協助防救災設施的情資研判，做出合理且有效決策，及面對災害防救避難規劃之參考。

 

Moderate-to-large earthquakes cause problems such as severe damage to buildings, critical infrastructure failure, and road blockages. For example, during the 1994 Northridge earthquake (ML6.6), 1995 Kobe earthquake (ML7.2), and 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake (ML7.3), strong ground motion caused the collapse of buildings and indirectly resulted in road blockages, which not only negatively affected the operation of urban functions but also triggered failures in related and connected systems, effectively amounting to a disaster cascade. Road networks are crucial in an emergency, such as the aftermath of a strong earthquake, at which time rescued people must be immediately transported to rescue staging sites, injured people must be taken to hospitals, assistance must be transported to the scene, and repair work must be conducted on damaged infrastructure. With rapid urbanization, Taiwan is becoming increasingly dependent on its transportation infrastructure. Governments must consider the disaster impact chain to reduce the harmful consequences of disasters. For instance, post-earthquake casualties and the socioeconomic impacts of fire events generally have a greater negative impact than do the losses directly caused by earthquakes. The current study developed a disaster impact chain triggered by the collapse of buildings after an earthquake. We integrated the road blocking mode and post-earthquake fire mode and developed a set of procedures and methods. The results of this research can be used as a basis for determining the damage to road systems after earthquakes, guiding the operation of disaster prevention and relief facilities, informing reasonable and effective decision-making during disasters, and serving as a reference for the government facility inspection and priority restoration work.

 
自攻螺絲木構造接點的剪力行為與解析公式驗證
Authors: 葉玉祥 葉玉祥 , Yu-Hsiang Yeh 葉衣祺 , Yi-Chi Yeh 游蕙安 , Hui-An Yu 陳怡秀
Published: March 2022

本研究主要探討木構造接點的剪力行為，其中，接點係由國產材組成並採自攻螺絲作為橫貫緊固件，透過剪力試驗評估接點的抗剪強度、韌性、及破壞模式，測出的剪力強度將拿來跟Eurocode 5的計算結果比較，藉以檢討公式之於國產建材的適用性。首先，本研究篩選適合用於建築結構的國產材和自攻螺絲，用以製作接點試體。國產材包含針葉木結構材福杉、柳杉、和屬於闊葉木的相思樹，自攻螺絲為台灣製造商代工的產品，挑選5種常用而細部處理略有不同的螺絲。以這些參數為基礎，共規劃16種接點，每種接點有9個試體，計144個剪力試體。剪力試驗的結果顯示，樹種會影響接點的剪力行為甚鉅，相思樹由於有較高的密度，因此其承載力與韌性都明顯比柳杉、福杉來得大。使用螺紋間距3mm的自攻螺絲的接點，其剪力強度和韌性分別比使用5mm螺距的試體高了10%、7%。使用全牙自攻螺絲鎖固的接點，其剪力強度與韌性也比半牙螺絲分別高出9%、7%。在使用墊片的情況下，接點的剪力強度與韌性皆可提升約7%。相較之下，鑽尾形式對於接點力學行為的影響較小。比較實驗值和Eurocode 5的計算結果後發現，Eurocode 5的評估結果偏保守，儘管仍有調適的空間以兼顧安全性與經濟性，這套評估方法可適用於國產建材並確保足夠的安全係數。

 

This study is focused on the shear behaviour of dowel-type timber joint composed of domestic wood and self-tapping screw. A series of shear test is intended for evaluating the shear capacity of timber connections. Then, the testing results are compared to the analytic values based on Eurocode 5’ formula. The comparison contributes to verify the feasibility of the formula for domestic materials, including wood and screw. This study selects viable timber and self-tapping screw to manufacture various timber joints. The wood comprises softwood and hardwood for structural purposes, while the self-tapping screw consists of 5 different profiles in terms of screws’ tailing and threading. Depending on these parameters, the shear test includes 16 types of timber joints and each type consists of 9 specimens. The testing results demonstrate that the species of wood influence the shear behaviour significantly. With greater density, the hardwood reveals higher capacity and ductility compared to softwood. Thread’s spacing and the threading length influence joints’ shear behaviour as well. The self-tapping screw with 3mm spacing of the thread increase the ultimate shear strength and ductility by 9% and 7%, respectively, compared to the specimens with 5mm-spacing screw. When applying fully threaded screw, the joints exhibit 9% higher shear capacity and 7% greater ductility than those with half-threaded screws do. According to the comparison between testing and analytic results, Eurocode 5 method conservatively predicts the joints’ capacity. Although the formula may need further modification for Taiwanese materials, the calculation results ensure considerable safety margin for timber joints.

 
參與式設計中建築師的資訊尋求
Authors: 楊舜云 楊舜云 , S. Y. Yang 吳可久
Published: March 2022

建築師會選擇性的摘取建築計畫書中設計資訊。使用參與設計之前提下，客戶和建築對建築計畫書的看法並不一致，而造成雙方對計劃書型式及想藉計劃書溝通之內容意義有所差異。本次調查運用紮根理論來探討臺灣建築師、圖書館員(客戶)在圖書館建築專案中分別擁有不同關注點、意圖、獲取資訊方式和運用/理解建築計畫書之行為。圖書館員對建築計畫書會易於採取整體規範做法，而建築師則傾向採用程序性逐步操作方式。雙方作為專業人員都會追求掌控設計，而造成建築計畫書實際成為彙整設計需求之廣告。因此資訊可及性和訊息診斷性成為建築師審視建築計畫書中訊息的主要認知因素。

 

Architects selectively cognize design information in the design program. The “user participation design” context, and how clients and architects perceive the role of design program lead to different programming documentations and communication of different meanings. This investigation applied Grounded Theory to explore Taiwan architects, and librarians/clients communicating design under different concerns, intentions, information acquisition, and interactive programming behaviors related to library building projects. Librarians incline to normative approach to the design program, and architects adopt procedural design operations, while both professionals pursue design control, and the design program functions as a design requirements advertisement. Thus, information accessibility and message diagnosis could be major factors for architects’ cognition of information in the design program.

 
老舊商辦建築整修標準系統方法
Authors: 沈旭明 沈旭明 , Hsu-Ming Shen 杜功仁
Published: March 2022

綠色經濟(GE)和可持續發展(SD)對社會中的每個人都有直接且持久的影響，不但有助於我們對抗老舊商辦建築老化，高能耗、高污染所面臨的許多問題，更重要是可以減少對生態環境的影響。因此，將透過對GE和SD進行探討，作為解決老舊商辦建築整修成為適合現代化商辦建築的解決方案，經蒐集各國專家學者對未來商辦建築的見解與應用著重之面向，建立老舊商辦建築整修標準系統來解決這種複雜性問題。 本研究將應用模糊德爾菲法(FDM)與層級分析法(AHP)，建構有效的系統方法，將對老舊商辦建築整修項目及過程，能以快速且客觀評估角度，制定可持續商辦建築整修標準規劃，用於評估環保意識，設計美學及企業責任及意見反饋等構面。藉此，推動商辦建築物資產升級，除可降低空置率外，並達成建築增值保值及提升租金收益。

 

Green economy (GE) and sustainable development (SD) have a direct and long-term impact on everyone in the society. These methods can be used to not only solve problems, such as the aging of old commercial buildings, high energy consumption, and high pollution, but also reduce the impact on the ecological environment. Therefore, we intend to explore GE and SD as solutions to transform old commercial buildings into modern commercial buildings. We can establish a standardized systematic method and address the complex problem of renovating old commercial buildings by obtaining insights and application preferences from experts and scholars throughout the world with respect to future commercial buildings. In this study, we will apply the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to obtain an effective systematic method. Further, we intend to formulate a standard sustainable commercial building renovation plan from the viewpoint of rapid and objective assessment, which can be used to evaluate various aspects, including environmental awareness, design aesthetics, and corporate responsibility and feedback, with respect to the renovation projects and processes associated with old commercial buildings. Thus, we can promote the upgradation, reduce the vacancy rate, ensure the preservation, and increase the value and rent of the commercial building assets.

 
迷你倉庫火災行為研究
Authors: 林世明 林世明 , Beckham Shih-Ming Lin 林慶元 , Ching-Yuan Lin 蕭力愷 , Gary Li-Kai Hsiao 陳子捷 , Zih-Jie Chen 莊英吉
Published: March 2022

迷你倉庫已成為一種成熟的倉儲服務，尤其是在人口稠密的大都市地區。為了解釋此類設施的火災行為與溫度分佈之間的關係，本研究針對三個類型迷你倉庫倉體進行實驗性實驗，根據ISO 834-1，參考CNS12514-1中規定的臨界溫度，對一個燃燒室和兩個相鄰觀察室進行了四次全尺寸的全面火災測試實驗，結果顯示，在迷你倉庫通用材料的單位儲存空間中，迷你倉庫的艙門打開與否對火災是否會延燒到緊鄰的迷你倉庫具有關鍵影響。

 

Self-storage has become an established warehouse storage service, particularly in densely populated metropolitan areas. To explain the relationship between fire behaviour and temperature distribution at such facilities, the present study examined three experimental self-storage structures. Experiments involving four full-scale fire tests were conducted of a fire room and two adjacent compartments, with reference to critical temperatures stated in CNS12514-1, based on ISO 834-1. The results indicate that in storage units where generic materials are stored, whether the door of the unit is open has a critical influence on whether the fire will spread to adjacent units.

 
The Importance of Secondary Markets in the Changing Retail Landscape: A Longitudinal Study in the United States and China
Authors: Rogers Zachary S. , Rogers Dale S. , Chen Haozhe
Published: March 2022

Due to shifting consumer expectations and the growth in e-commerce, companies are flush with returned product and excess inventory. Many firms have turned to secondary market channels to disposition excess goods and capture a greater percentage of their value. However, the secondary market has not gained sufficient attention from supply chain management researchers. To understand how firms are using these alternative channels of disposition, we collected and analyzed longitudinal survey data (collected in 2014 and 2017) from the United States and China. We find that US firms generally utilize secondary markets for different reasons than their Chinese counterparts and have found more success. However, while the results suggest that US secondary markets are more mature than their Chinese counterparts, the gap between the two countries appears to be narrowing.
Attitudes and Knowledge of dentists in Pakistan regarding the use of Dental Amalgam as a restorative material
Authors: Nayab Talha , Atif Muhammad , Ayub Uzair , Bajwa Sikandar J. , Khan Malik A. , Babar Bilal Z. , Khurshid Maryam , Fayyaz Mamman
Published: March 2022

Aim: To assess the attitudes of Pakistani dentists regarding the safe use of amalgam as a restorative material. Study design and setting: This cross-sectional, was conducted at Women medical and dental College, Pakistan. Methods: This cross- sectional study was conducted amongst the dentist of Pakistan. Survey utilized for this study was adopted and modified from the study conducted by Alkhudhairy F. Descriptive statistics were checked by means of percentages and frequency for all variables. In order to check significant difference among the responses given Chi-square test was applied. Results: From a total of 212 participants, there were 97 (45.8%) males and 115 (54.2%) females. There were 167 participants working in private sector while 45 worked in public sector. Amalgam was most commonly preferred for preparation of small cavities, agreed mutually by both males (45.4%) and females (27%). Majority of the male participants (51.5%) stated being unsure regarding the safety of amalgam, while majority of females (49.5%) reported amalgam unsafe for both dentist and the patients. Composite was the frequently used alternative restorative material by both males (39.2%) and females (51.3%). Conclusions: Though amalgam was the utmost frequently used material used for restoration of posterior teeth. Many study participants had awareness regarding the mercury toxicity but still it was used. However additional sessions can be conducted for reinforcing the safety element regarding the use of amalgam. Keywords: Dentists’ opinion, material, mercury, restorative materials, esthetics
Frequency of Malnutrition among children under 2 Years and Its Relationship with Inadequate Breast Feeding Practice
Authors: Ashraf Samia , Iftikhar Nosheen , Ahmed Shabir , Ahmad Waheed , Sultan Allah Nawaz , Butt Nayyab
Published: March 2022

Background: In developing countries malnutrition is a serious child health issue. Almost 50%of 10.7 million deaths per year in developing countries are due to Malnutrition in children less than five years of age. It has been turn up that 20% of low weight children younger than five years belong to low and middle income countries with Pakistan contributing as the 3rd largest share of underweight children in world. Aim: To know the frequency of malnutrition in children younger than 2 years of age, presenting at a tertiary care hospital and to compare the frequency of inadequate breast feeding practices among well-nourished and malnourished children. Methods: A Cross Sectional Study was conducted from 10-10-2019 to 09-04-2020 in Paediatrics unit Sharif Medical City Hospital, Lahore. About 151 healthy children presenting for routine growth monitoring and immunization or with acute ailments of less than 3 days duration in previously healthy children presenting to the paediatric unit were included in this study. The written consent was taken from parents before enrolling in this study. Information regarding their demographic data and history of breast feeding was noted in the proforma. All the children with appropriate age underwent measurement of weight in minimum light clothes using standard protocols and were assessed for weight for age. Results: From 151 patients, age ranges was 3 months to 24 months with mean and standard deviation was 14.01±6.43 months. The weight of children was observed as 6.5 kg to 13.0kg with mean and standard deviation was 9.05±1.88.In Gender distribution Male patients were 55.6% and female 44.4%. Mothers having no formal education were 35.8% and mothers having formal education were 64.2%. There were 39.7% fathers having no formal education and 60.3% fathers having formal education. There were 19.9% patients in which malnutrition was present while 80.1% respondents in which malnutrition was not present. There were 23.8% mothers who were practicing inadequate breast feeding methods while 76.2% mothers who were practicing adequate breast feeding methods. The frequency of inadequate breast feeding practice among well-nourished was found as 7.28% and 16.56% among malnourished children. Conclusion: There were 19.9% respondents in which malnutrition was present. The frequency of inadequate breast feeding practice among well-nourished was found as 7.28% and 16.56% among malnourished children. Significant association was found between malnutrition and inadequate breast feeding. Effect modifiers like age and gender did not show significant influence except weight and parental education. Keywords: Malnutrition, Breast Feeding, Parental Education
Predictability of Successful Induction of Labour with Poor Bishop Score
Authors: Tehseen Saema , Chughtai Faiqa , Riffat Najia
Published: March 2022

Aim: To determine the percentage of successful induction of labour in patients with poor Bishop Score at PAC Hospital Kamra. Study design: Prospective Observational Study. Setting & duration: Pakistan Aeronautical Complex Hospital Kamra, four years from 01.01.2016 till 31.12.2019. Methods: All booked pregnant women including Primigravidaeand Multigravidae were offered induction of labour regardless of Bishop Score to assess the predictability of successful induction. Results: All pregnant ladies booked at Pakistan Aeronautical Complex were induced at term regardless of favourability of Bishop Score and parity. Total number of patients included in the study over four years was 403.Out of these 1280(32%) were primigravidae and 2723(67%) were multigravidae. Successful induction was achieved in 883(68.5%) of primigravidae and was even higher in multigravidae where it was 2205(78.25%). It was found that the success rate of induction in case of favorable and unfavorable bishop score was not significantly different. Out of 665 primigravidae with favorable bishop score 521 delivered which makes 78.3% while 362 out of 615 primigravidae with unfavorable bishop score delivered successfully which makes 58.8%. Conclusion: We offered Induction of labour to all pregnant women regardless of Bishop Score and parity. A Bishop score of seven or less is considered unfavorable whereas a Bishop score of eight or more is considered favorable for induction of labor. Keywords: Induction of Labor, Bishop Score, normal vaginal delivery.
Endotracheal Tube Size and Post-Operative Sore Throat in Women
Authors: Ali Mehar , Kumar Anil , Kumar Kelash , Sultan Syed Farjad , Shah Mubarak , Kumar Sandeep
Published: March 2022

Aim: To determine the proportion of women with postoperative sore throat an hour after elective surgery in women intubated with a size 6 endotracheal tube versus size 7 endotracheal tube. Study design: Randomized controlled trial Place and duration of study: Department of Anesthesiology, The Indus Hospital, Karachi from 22-09-2016 to 2109-2017. Methodology: Patients were divided two equal groups through randomization i.e. endotracheal tube size 6 versus endotracheal tube size 7. Prior to intubation the endotracheal tube is to be lubricated with normal saline. In group ETT 6, trachea intubated with a high volume low pressure endotracheal tube with internal diameter 6.0 and in group ETT 7 with a 7.0 diameter tube respectively. Immediately after intubation the endotracheal tube was verified by a five-point auscultation technique and the cuff inflated with room air until no air leakage could be heard. No humidifiers or moisture exchangers were used. Results: The mean age of ETT 6 and ETT 7 group was 34.36±9.46 and37.34±10.96 years respectively. The mean duration of surgery in ETT 6 and ETT 7 group was 117.70±30.57 and 125.17±55.0 minutes respectively. When both groups were postoperative sore throat was noted in 38 (59.4%) in ETT 6 group whereas 62 (96.9%) noted in ETT7 group (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Highly significant difference was found in postoperative sore throat between the group endotracheal tube size 6 in comparison to the group endotracheal tube size 7. Keywords: Endotracheal intubation, Sore throat, Hoarseness, Postoperative complications, Elective surgery
Vitamin D Supplementation reduces Atorvastatin induced Myopathy in Dyslipedemic patients
Authors: Nadeem Maryam , Alam Saadia Shahzad , Zahra Syeda Mah E Noor , Daniyal Shoaib M , Zia Huma , Saqib Maryam , Nadeem Maryam
Published: March 2022

Background: Dyslipidemia is becoming one of the most common problems worldwide predisposing towards atherosclerotic cardiovascular events and other issues like obesity. Statins are imperative for treating dyslipidemia. However statin-intolerance is a major hurdle due to the myopathy incurred with their usage, ranging from mild aches and pains without CPK elevation to marked increase in CPK levels with myonecrosis and even death in rare cases. Aim: Local identification of dyslipedemic patients with reduced vitamin D levels and intolerance to ≥2 statins (especially Atorvastatin), exhibiting statin induced myopathy with CPK elevation. Assessment of 3 months vitamin D therapy on myopathy and patient compliance to statins Place and duration of study: A 13 months study conducted in Army Cardiac Center Lahore . Methods: Upon Ethical Board Clearance (Ref No:F.39/NHRC/Admn/IRB/40)(IRB- Number: 1547) 60 dyslipidemic patients ranging from 40-70years of age, having CPK confirmed myopathy (CK levels >120micrograms/L) and intolerance to ≥2 statins (including Atorvastatin) along with hypovitaminosis D were assessed for enrollment based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria at Army Cardiac Center Lahore. Results: Baseline investigations including CBC, renal, liver and thyroid function tests, vit D, vit B12, hepatitis B, C, FBS, CK, CK MB and lipid profile were performed.At the end of the study at 3rd month (2ndfollowup) investigations such as 25 hydroxy vitamin D levels, presence or absence of muscular pain as symptom of myopathy and CPK with its isoenzymes CK MB levels were repeated and compared with the baseline values Conclusion: In this study it is concluded that by replenishing vitamin D levels, Atorvastatin induced myopathy improves leading to more compliance towards the drug and resulting in improvement in lipid profile. Keywords: Dyslipidemia, Vitamin D, Myopathy, Atorvastatin
Diagnosis of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in human serum using ELISA and Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Fatima Kiran , Ahmad Sadia , Bukhari Hina , Ejaz Asma , Ch Saadia , Nasir Maria
Published: March 2022

In this study we have presented the optical detection of Hepatitis C virus and molecular changes in human serum through partial least square regression vectors obtained from their Raman spectra. 140 samples tested through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and PCR for confirmation were used to create a model by utilizing spectral variations in the Raman spectra of the positive and control groups. Regression coefficients of this model were obtained and analyzed. The regression vector yielded by this model is utilized to predict hepatitis C in unknown samples. This model has been evaluated by a cross-validation method, which yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.91. Moreover, 30 unknown samples were screened for hepatitis C infection using this model to test its performance. From these calculations, accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of this model were determined to be 86.67%, 93.75% and 78.57% respectively. The value of area under the ROC curve was found to be about 1 which shows that the model is accurate. Keywords: hepatitis C, partial least square (PLS) regression, multivariate analysis, Raman spectroscopy, ELISA
Synergistic Efficacy of the Combination of Co Q10 and α-tocopherol Against Arsenic Induced Hepatotoxicity in Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Mir Urfa Zaryab , Rashid Amir , Yousaf Muhammad Javad , Khan Hammad Gul , Mir Amaidah , Laique Talha
Published: March 2022

Background: Millions of the people around the world are exposed to higher levels of arsenic via contaminated drinking water which is a threat to human and animal life. Aim: To determine the possible beneficial effects of co Q10 and tocopherol against arsenic induced liver damage in Sprague Dawley rats. Methodology: In this randomized controlled trial Group I was given standard rat diet with distilled water. Groups II, III, IV and V were administered arsenic 5mg/L mixed in distilled water ad libitum. Additionally, group III and group IV were administered co Q10 and tocopherol 250 mg/kg mixed in rat diet. Group V was given both co Q10 and tocopherol 125 mg/kg each mixed in rat diet. The experiment continued for 15 days. At the end of the intervention, serum was extracted to measure serum LFTs on micro lab. SPSS version 23.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: There was a significant (p ≤ 0.05) rise of serum ALT, AST and ALP after arsenic administration in group II animals. Treatment with co Q10 and tocopherol reduced the levels of serum LFTs (p ≤ 0.05) in group III and IV animals respectively. Whereas, the synergistic effects of both these natural antioxidants in group V animals, reversed these changes to control values. Conclusion: We concluded that the synergistic effects of both co Q10 and tocopherol were better than their individual effects against arsenic induced hepatotoxicity. Keywords: Arsenic, Co Q10, Hepatotoxicity and Tocopherol.
Morphological Variations of Umbilical Cord in Normal Pregnancies among Local Population
Authors: Chughtai Aneeqa , Abdullah Muhammad Saad , Izhar Saba , Irfan Nida , Iftikhar Saad , Laique Talha
Published: March 2022

Placenta is a unique functional center at the maternal-fetal interface. Aim: To find out the morphological variants of umbilical cord in normal pregnancies was undertaken among local population. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Methodology: Umbilical cords were collected from normal cases of delivery at Services Hospital, Lahore. Simple random sampling (probability) was done to collect hundred placentae. Grossing was done. Tissue samples were taken and processed. Histological observations were undertaken using H&E stained sections. Detailed morphology was studied to find out morphological variant with values ≤ 5%. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Cords that measured < 40cm in length were up to 4%. Cord with no twists was up to 1%, 1% cord with 3.5 twists, 3% cords with 4 twists, and 1% cord with 4.5 twists were present, amount of Wharton's Jelly measured to be 38.46mm2 (1%), 132.66mm2 (2%), 153.85mm2 (2%) and 176.62mm2 (4%), presence of cysts (4%), the vestigial remnants i.e. vitelline and vascular remnants 3% each and squamous metaplasia in 1% of the umbilical cord. Conclusion: Data concluded the presence of morphological variants in the umbilical cord which may reflect the developmental landmarks or other altered phenomenon during the course of pregnancy. Keywords: Umbilical Cord, Vestigial Remnants and Pregnancy.
Attitudes, Beliefs and Practices Regarding Consumption of Milk and Milk Products among Female Consumers in Mirpur, AJK.
Authors: Ali Ijaz , Anjum Muhammad Usman , Ahsan Ali Muhammad , Anwar Khawar , Afridi Nazar Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Background: Various factors influence the quality and safety of milk. However, a detailed study about these factors is lacking in our area. Aim: To elucidate perceptions regarding milk hygiene, milk processing and consumption behaviors. Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study, Place & duration of study: Mohi-ud-Din Islamic Medical College, Mirpur, AJK, from March to August 2020. Methods: Female staff, patients and attendants were included. A pre-tested and pre-validated questionnaire was used to gather responses. Questions were specifically asked about practices associated with consumption of milk and related products, familiarity with risks associated with consumption of raw milk, practices associated with boiling of milk and milk consumption. Result: There were 130 participants and 75(58%) were educated while 55(42%) were uneducated. Almost all of the educated women were aware of the importance of boiling milk. On the contrary, awareness about usage of boiled milk among uneducated women was 69% while 31% were unaware about the importance of boiling milk. About 58% of study participants consume milk regularly as compared to 42% who were not taking milk regularly. The duration of boiling of milk, for majority of participants, ranged from 05-15 minutes. Side effects experienced by the those consuming raw milk included abdominal pain (62%), diarrhea (23%) and vomiting (15%). Conclusion: The findings suggest that there is a need to encourage sterile milk handling practices and local communities should be closely involved to strengthen their understanding of milk safety. There should be campaigns involving masses to induce behavioral changes among communities about safe and hygienic habits involving handling and usage of milk and its products. The best approach to encourage people towards milk safety will be the boiling of milk. Keywords: Milk, boiling, pasteurization, hygiene, raw
Identification of substantial factors associated with Mortality in the Emergency Department
Authors: Naeem Abdul , Arif Muhammad , Akbar Abrar , Haq Ehtasham-ul- , Arshad Iram , Ashraf Iqra , Naseem Sana
Published: March 2022

In this paper, the prime focus is to identify key factors that are directly related to the mortality in critical medical patients presenting to the emergency department in a collapsed state and the research study was conducted at a tertiary care university hospital (April- July 2020) on medical patients presenting in critical condition. Some imperative variables like demography, premorbid, presenting vitals, GCS, blood sugar, oxygen saturation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes were recorded. Statistical analysis was done using the chi-square test along with Fisher's exact test for computational evaluation. Hence, the absent pulse, low conscious level, and temperature at presentation are significant clinical findings associated with mortality of critical medical patients. Keywords: Critical patients, Mortality, Emergency Department
Türkiye’de Rekreasyon Uzmanlarına İlişkin Mesleki Yeterlilik Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Kerem Yıldırım
Published: March 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, rekreasyon uzmanının sahip olması gereken temel yeterlilikleri ölçmek için geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı geliştirmektir. Araştırmanın evrenini rekreasyon lisans programlarının 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılında öğrenim gören lisans öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Kolayda örnekleme tekniği ile (418) lisans öğrencisine ulaşılmıştır. Ölçeğin geçerliği belirlemek için içerik geçerliği, yapı geçerliği, yakınsak geçerlik ve ıraksak geçerlik analizleri yapılmıştır. Ölçek güvenirliği için Cronbach’s Alpha katsayısı, madde toplam korelasyonu ve test tekrar test tekniği kullanılmıştır. Ölçek doğruluğunun sınanması amacıyla DFA analizi kullanılmış ve uyum değerlerinin referans değerler aralığında olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak rekreasyon uzmanının mesleki yeterliliği ile ilgili beş boyut (yönetim, etkinlik yönetimi, işletme yönetimi, liderlik ve donanım ve yetkinlik) tanımlanmış ve rekreasyon uzmanının mesleki yeterliliğini geçerli ve güvenilir olarak belirleyebilen bir ölçme aracı geliştirilmiştir.
Recent advance of in vitro models in natural phytochemicals absorption and metabolism
Authors: Huang Yajun , Chen Yaobin , Lu Suyue , Zhao Chao
Published: March 2022

Natural phytochemicals absorption and metabolic process are mainly in the human gut. Simulating the absorption and metabolism of natural phytochemicals in vitro to predict the rate and degree of absorption of natural phytochemicals provides convenience for many researchers. However, in this process, many physiological factors in vitro are affected, such as stomach and intestinal juice composition, pH, intestinal transmission rate and so on. In recent years, the research methods have gradually improved to make these models more suitable for the natural phytochemicals absorption process, in vitro simulation models have become an essential means to study natural phytochemicals absorption. Therefore, this paper introduces the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used in vitro simulation models of natural phytochemicals absorption and metabolism, as well as briefly introduces the working principle of each model. To provide a theoretical basis for simulating natural phytochemicals absorption in vitro and development and utilization of natural phytochemicals.
Elementos sustanciales de la educación híbrida en la cuarta revolución industrial y la coyuntura con la contingencia sanitaria
Authors:   Instituto Superior de Ciencias de la Educación del Estado de México, Mancilla Sánchez Sandra
Published: March 2022

El objetivo del presente es contrastar la modalidad de la educación híbrida en el contexto de la cuarta revolución industrial y la coyuntura de la contingencia sanitaria, dado que se considera una solución factible ante la disrupción de los avances tecnológicos y de la pandemia por COVID-19 en los procesos educativos. En este escrito (que constituye parte de la primera fase de una investigación doctoral) se contrastan los elementos sustanciales que configuran la educación híbrida en el contexto ya mencionado, mismos que se han extraído de un análisis de información y de datos con el uso del método etnográfico digital aplicado a perfiles de redes sociales como Twitter, Facebook y Blogs personales, así como a los referentes bibliográficos de los últimos cinco años. Como resultado de este estudio, se contemplan los siguientes elementos que se considerarán relevantes en el diseño final: apropiación del concepto de “educación híbrida”, competencias transmedia, habilidades digitales, networking, ubicuidad, desarrollo del uso consciente de internet y elementos didácticos; cada uno de ellos con subelementos que se proponen como el marco de referencia de la educación híbrida.
Los efectos de la pandemia por COVID-19 en el clima de una escuela primaria
Authors:   Instituto Superior de Ciencias de la Educación del Estado de México, Téllez Felipe Hugo
Published: March 2022

El presente escrito tiene como objetivo analizar los efectos de la pandemia COVID-19 en el clima escolar de una institución educativa de nivel básico, a partir de los posicionamientos teóricos de Briones (2015) y Sandoval (2004), quienes examinan el clima en las organizaciones a través de características perceptibles a modo de dimensiones, las cuales también funcionan como categorías teóricas de análisis. Adjunto a una investigación sobre el ambiente o clima escolar generado en las reuniones de Consejo Técnico Escolar de educación primaria, este trabajo recopila las voces de los integrantes de la escuela bajo el enfoque etnometodológico de Garfinkel (2006) y Coulon (1995). La estructura, el contexto y la flexibilidad e innovación son las categorías manifiestas en la investigación de acuerdo con la recolección de la información teórica y empírica, la cual, se describe para emitir una serie de reflexiones que se plasman en las conclusiones. El cambio del modo presencial al virtual en la forma de trabajo colegiado, el temor al riesgo al contagio por parte de los integrantes y las posibilidades de conectividad sincrónica y asincrónica fungen como efectos de la pandemia por COVID-19 para generar un clima escolar dinámico.
Development of a system for ensuring the safety of image recognition from malicious influences based on a neural network
Authors: Черкасов Александр Николаевич , Волнянкин Евгений Евгеньевич
Published: March 2022

Представлены результаты исследования вредоносного воздействия на изображения и предложен алгоритм защиты для систем компьютерного зрения. Предложена интеллектуальная система защиты и распознавания образов на основе двух типов нейронных сетей: автоэнкодера и сверточной нейронной сети.

The paper presents the results of a study of the harmful effects on images and proposes a protection algorithm for computer vision systems. An intelligent protection and pattern recognition system, based on two types of neural networks: an autoencoder and a convolutional neural network, is proposed.
Development of a natural language recognition system for voice identification
Authors: Черкасов Александр Николаевич , Грибко Иветта Игоревна
Published: March 2022

Проведен анализ проблем защиты голосовых биометрических данных. Разработан механизм регистрации и верификации человека в биометрической системе по голосовым данным. Предложен алгоритм функционирования системы распознавания человеческого и синтезированного голоса. Разработана интеллектуальная система, подтверждающая актуальность проводимых исследований в этой области.

The paper analyzes the problems of protecting voice biometric data. A mechanism for registration and verification of a person in a biometric system using voice data has been developed. An algorithm for the functioning of the human and synthesized voice recognition system is proposed. An intelligent system has been developed that confirms the relevance of ongoing research in this area.
Layanan Konseling Behavioral dengan Teknik Self-Management untuk Mereduksi Perilaku Mencontek Siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Kepohbaru Bojonegoro
Authors: Muasih Muasih
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui reduksi perilaku mencontek siswa kelas XI jurusan IPA menggunakan teknik self-management. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas dengan objek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI IPA 2 SMA Negeri 1 Kepohbaru Bojonegoro yang berjumlah 7 siswa. Setiap siklusnya mengacu pada perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Proses pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini melalui observasi, wawancara, dan skala perilaku mencontek. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa layanan konseling behavioral dengan teknik self-management dapat mereduksi perilaku mencontek siswa. Teknik self-management sendiri terdiri dari pemahaman mengenai perilaku mencontek, dampak dari perilaku mencontek, perilaku mencontek yang pernah dilakukan siswa, konseling kelompok, strategi mengendalikan perilaku mencontek, memilih salah satu strategi yang tepat dan mengemukakan strategi tersebut dalam kelompok. Keberhasilan reduksi perilaku mencontek ini dapat dilihat dari hasil skala perilaku mencontek siswa dimana pada pasca nilai rata-rata siswa 79,86 yang termasuk dalam kategori sedang, setelah dilaksanakannya siklus 1 nilai rata-rata siswa masih sedang, akan tetapi mengalami reduksi yaitu 68,29 dengan rata-rata persentase 14,25%, siklus 2 rata-rata sebesar 50,71 yang termasuk kedalam kategori rendah namun masih ada 3 siswa yang masih yang belum mengalami reduksi, dengan persentase reduksi sebesar 10,59%, dan siklus 3 rata-rata sebesar 49,57 dengan rata-rata sebesar 2,94% yang termasuk kedalam kategori rendah. Penelitian dihentikan sampai siklus 3 karena sudah mencapai batas indikator, dimana sudah 75% siswa yang mengalami reduksi kedalam kategori rendah, dimana skor berada dibawah 60 dan semua siswa sudah mengalami reduksi. Dengan demikian upaya mereduksi perilaku mencontek melalui layanan konseling behavioral dengan teknik self-management pada siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Kepohbaru Bojonegoro tahun ajaran 2020/2021telah berhasil dilaksanakan.
Penerapan Latihan Relaksasi Otogenik untuk Regulasi Emosi Atlet Anggar
Authors: Jannah Miftakhul , Kusuma Dewi Damajanti
Published: March 2022

Masa pandemic Covid-19, pemerintah menghimbau berbagai instansi olahraga temasuk Komite Olahraga Nasional Indonesia (KONI) untuk mengganti sistem latihan bagi atletnya. KONI jawa Timur memberlakukan latihan dari rumah termasuk bagi atlet anggar. Perubahan situasi latihan membuat atlet rentan mengalami tekanan psikis dan emosi negatif sehingga perlu upaya untuk meningkatkan kemampuan regulasi emosi oleh para atlet. Salah satu intervensi untuk regulasi emosi adalah latihan relaksasi otogenik. Maka dari itu, tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan untuk membantu atlet dalam mengelola emosinya di tengah masa pandemic ini, khususnya bagi atlet anggar. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan melalui kelas virtual selama 5 hari berturut-turut. Partisipan adalah 8 orang atlet anggar (4 orang laki-laki dan 4 orang perempuan). Alat ukur untuk regulasi emosi berupa skala regulasi emosi. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan regulasi emosi sebesar 39,82 % pada diri atlet. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa intervensi relaksasi otogenik mampu meningkatkan kemampuan regulasi emosi bagi atlet anggar. Relaksasi otogenik dapat dijadikan salah satu alternatif yang dilakukan atlet secara mandiri untuk meningkatkan kemamuan regulasi emosinya.