bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concomitant Use of Oral Anticoagulants with Oral Dipeptidyl Peptidase‐4 Inhibitors and Serious Bleeding Events
Authors: Pham Nguyen Thanh Phuong , Leonard Charles E. , Brensinger Colleen M. , Bilker Warren B. , Chung Sophie P. , Horn John R. , Bogar Kacie , Miano Todd A. , Hennessy Sean
Published: September 2024

In a prior screening study, saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor (DPP‐4i), was found to have an increased rate of serious bleeding when used concomitantly with several oral anticoagulants (OACs). We aimed to confirm or refute the associations between concomitant use of individual OACs and DPP‐4is and serious bleeding in a large US database, using self‐controlled case series (SCCS) and case‐crossover (CCO) designs. The study population was eligible Medicare beneficiaries co‐exposed to a DPP‐4i (precipitant) and either an OAC (object drug) or lisinopril (negative control object drug) in 2016–2020. For the SCCS, we used conditional Poisson regression to estimate adjusted rate ratios (RRs) between each co‐exposure (vs. not) and serious bleeding and divided the RR by the adjusted RR for the corresponding lisinopril + precipitant pair to obtain ratios of RRs (RRRs). For the CCO, we estimated the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of exposure to the precipitant in the focal window vs. referent window using multivariable conditional logistic regression and divided the ORs in the object drug‐exposed cases over the ORs in negative object drug‐exposed cases to obtain the ratios of ORs (RORs). The adjusted RRRs for serious bleeding ranged from 0.32 (0.05–1.91) for apixaban/lisinopril + saxagliptin to 3.49 (1.29–9.48) for warfarin/lisinopril + linagliptin. The adjusted RORs ranged from 0.01 (0.00–0.20) for rivaroxaban/lisinopril + saxagliptin to 2.99 (0.74–12.11) for apixaban/lisinopril + linagliptin. While we could not confirm previously identified signals because of statistical imprecision, several numerically elevated estimates still warrant caution in concomitant use and further examination.
Why physicians are reluctant to treat addiction
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2024

This is a literature review that ended in 2021, so on the bright side, you could say things have changed. But lack of institutional support was the main reason for physician reluctance to treat addiction, based on a large‐scale review published in JAMA Network Open in July 2024.
An Efficient Fluorescence‐Activated Protoplast Sorting (FAPS) and Regeneration Protocol for Canola (Brassica napus)
Authors: Sahab Sareena , Hayden Matthew J , Mason John , Spangenberg German
Published: September 2024

Protoplast sorting and purification methods are powerful tools enabling the enrichment of cellular subpopulations for basic and applied studies in plant sciences. Fluorescence‐activated protoplast sorting (FAPS) is an efficient method to isolate specific protoplast populations based on innate features (size and autofluorescence) or expression of fluorescent proteins. FAPS‐based methods have recently been deployed in single‐cell purification for single‐cell RNA sequencing–based transcriptional profiling studies. Protoplast sorting methods integrated with the ability to culture and recover whole plants add value to functional genomics and gene editing applications. Enriching cells expressing nucleases linked to fluorescent proteins can maximize knockout or knockin editing efficiencies and minimize toxic and off‐target effects. Here, we report the protocol for protoplast preparation, sterile cell sorting, culture, and downstream regeneration of plants from canola protoplasts. This protocol can be successfully applied to all totipotent protoplast methods that can regenerate into whole plants. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of transfected canola protoplasts for sorting

Basic Protocol 2: Fluorescence‐activated protoplast sorting

Basic Protocol 3: Bead culture of sorted protoplasts and recovery of plantlets
Leveraging soil mapping and machine learning to improve spatial adjustments in plant breeding trials
Authors: Carroll Matthew E. , Riera Luis G. , Miller Bradley A. , Dixon Philip M. , Ganapathysubramanian Baskar , Sarkar Soumik , Singh Asheesh K.
Published: September 2024

Spatial adjustments are used to improve the estimate of plot seed yield across crops and geographies. Moving means (MM) and P‐Spline are examples of spatial adjustment methods used in plant breeding trials to deal with field heterogeneity. Within the trial, spatial variability primarily comes from soil feature gradients, such as nutrients, but a study of the importance of various soil factors including nutrients is lacking. We analyzed plant breeding progeny row (PR) and preliminary yield trial (PYT) data of a public soybean breeding program across 3 years consisting of 43,545 plots. We compared several spatial adjustment methods: unadjusted (as a control), MM adjustment, P‐spline adjustment, and a machine learning‐based method called XGBoost. XGBoost modeled soil features at: (a) the local field scale for each generation and per year, and (b) all inclusive field scale spanning all generations and years. We report the usefulness of spatial adjustments at both PR and PYT stages of field testing and additionally provide ways to utilize interpretability insights of soil features in spatial adjustments. Our work shows that using soil features for spatial adjustments increased the relative efficiency by 81%, reduced the similarity of selection by 30%, and reduced the Moran's I from 0.13 to 0.01 on average across all experiments. These results empower breeders to further refine selection criteria to make more accurate selections and select for macro‐ and micro‐nutrients stress tolerance.
Unveiling the moderating role of governance mechanism on the nexus between CSR and firm performance in India: A GMM‐based dynamic panel approach
Authors: Mondal Subhas , Sahu Tarak Nath
Published: September 2024

This study aims to explore the nexus between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firm performance (FP); and the moderating role of governance mechanisms on the CSR‐FP nexus. This study investigates the aforementioned nexus, based on the sample of 257 Indian non‐financial companies listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) 500 index, for the period 2009–10 to 2022–23. GMM‐based dynamic panel estimation technique is applied to explore the relationship. The study reveals a positive nexus between CSR and FP, and a strong positive moderating impact of board size (BS), board independence (BID), and board gender diversity (BGD) on CSR‐FP nexus. However, the study shows an inverse moderating role of ownership concentration (OC) on the CSR‐FP nexus. The study provides a brief understanding of the CSR‐FP nexus and recommends the implementation of stronger governance mechanisms for the corporations of developing nations. This initiative may increase CSR, and generate economic advantage for the firms and the whole society.
Boron Surface Treatment of Li7La3Zr2O12 Enabling Solid Composite Electrolytes for Li‐Metal Battery Applications
Authors: Cuevas Ignacio , Elbouazzaoui Kenza , Valvo Mario , Mindemark Jonas , Brandell Daniel , Edström Kristina
Published: September 2024

Despite being promoted as a superior Li‐ion conductor, lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO) still suffers from a number of shortcomings when employed as an active ceramic filler in composite polymer–ceramic solid electrolytes for rechargeable all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries. One of the main limitations is the detrimental presence of Li2CO3 on the surface of LLZO particles, restricting Li‐ion transport at the polymer–ceramic interfaces. In this work, a facile way to improve this interface is presented, by purposely engineering the LLZO particle surfaces for a better compatibility with a PEO:LiTFSI solid polymer electrolyte matrix. It is shown that a surface treatment based on immersing LLZO particles in a boric acid solution can improve the LLZO surface chemistry, resulting in an enhancement in the ionic conductivity and cation transference number of the CPE with 20 wt % of boron‐treated LLZO particles compared to the analogous CPE with non‐treated LLZO. Ultimately, an improved cycling performance and stability in Li//LiFePO4 cells was also demonstrated for the modified material.
Electrochemical Nucleation and Growth Mechanism of Metals
Authors: Ait Layachi Omar , Moujib Asmaa , Khoumri El mati
Published: September 2024

This review provides a detailed analysis of the current transition observed in the field of electrodeposition of metals. Special emphasis is placed on the mechanism initiated by nucleation followed by diffusion‐controlled growth. The study highlights recent advances, relevant theoretical models, and practical implications of this process. Concrete examples are also discussed to illustrate the application of this method in various industrial and scientific contexts. These promising advances open new perspectives for the optimization of electrodeposition processes, paving the way for innovative applications in various technological sectors.
Performance Enhancement of Solar Still Couples With Solar Water Heater by Using Different PCM's and Nanoparticle Combinations
Authors: Gupta Santosh Kumar , Kumar Devesh
Published: September 2024

The majority of the water on Earth roughly 97% is contaminated or salty, only 3% is fresh water, and only 1% of pure water is easily available for human use. In rural areas and remote locations suffering from pure drinking water scarcity.Water purification techniques are generally dependent on electricity, which relies on coal and gas plants, these poses a risk to the environment and society. Solar desalination is being recognized as the most practical way to deal with the scarcity of pure drinking water in all aspects of sustainable development. This paper describes the creation of a single slope solar still (SSSS) using opaque and crystal‐clear toughened glass with a thickness of 6 mm as a cover and also another setup of a single slope phase change material (PCM)‐based solar still (MSSSS). In this paper, a flat plate solar collector coupled with water heater is used to enhance the productivity of still. In this study, an experimental model has been developed to experimentally analyze exercise productivity performance of SSSS and MSSSS of MMIT Kushinagar, India on April 10, 2023 to April 15, 2023. Combination of stearic acid, lauric acid, and paraffin wax combined with CuO (nanoadditive) is used to enhance the solar still productivity. Also, basin temperature for different PCM's such as paraffin wax, lauric acid, and stearic acid are compared. Different combinations of PCM's and nanoadditives are compared to find the better productivity. It is observed that maximum output is obtained at 3:00 p.m. afternoon on experimental setup. Paraffin wax, stearic acid, and lauric acid still increases productivity by 38.8%, 20.3%, and 30.5%, respectively, when compared to simple solar still. On experimentation of various combinations, it is found that the use of PCM paraffin wax and nanoadditives CuO gives 55% better productivity compared to other combinations. This innovative system is suitable and ideal for desalinating water in isolated and rural locations with low traffic and limited demand.
Benefits of simulation on multidisciplinary management of severe pre‐eclampsia/severe eclampsia in 15 health districts in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: A randomized educational trial
Authors: Cikwanine Jean Paul Buhendwa , Yoyu Jonathan Tunangoya , Mapatano Emile Shalamba , Lebdai Souhil , Mukwege Denis , Martin Ludovic
Published: September 2024

Objective

The purpose of the present study was to assess the benefits of simulation for advancing knowledge and assisting healthcare staff in optimization of procedures when managing severe pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia (sPE/E).

Methods

A randomized educational trial was conducted with two groups: Group I received theoretical training, while group II received the same training along with simulation scenarios based on the management of sPE/E. The study involved 199 healthcare providers, including physicians, midwives, skilled birth attendants, and nurses. The study analyzed the percentage of correct answers on both the multiple‐choice questions (MCQ) and the objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE) to evaluate theoretical knowledge and clinical skills objectively.

Results

Statistically significant differences were found immediately after training between groups I and II, whose mean percentages were 65.0% (±11.2) versus 71.0% (±9.8) (P < 0.001). A statistically significant reduction in the percentage of correct answers was found in both groups and demonstrated a discrepancy between immediate post‐training test and post‐training test at 3 months scores of 11.6% (±1.3) in group I versus 7.2% (±0.6) in group II. OSCE1 and OSCE2 scores were significantly higher in group II than in group I (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Simulation combined with theoretical training would appear to be an interesting method of training for advancing knowledge and improving skills of healthcare providers in their management of sPE/E. Our goal is for this method to be used to reduce real‐life maternal mortality in the South Kivu region of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Effects of management of heavy menstrual bleeding of patients undergoing haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Han Ruxue , Zhang Feifeng , Jiang Xiaolin , Wang Chaohua , Yang Xin
Published: September 2024

Objective

To investigate the benefits of menstrual management in women undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), in whom heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) can be an underestimated bleeding complication.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients who had undergone HSCT in the Gynecological Endocrinology Clinic of Peking University People's Hospital were included over 10 years. The data of hematology and menstruation for all participants were collected. The management methods of the intervention group include gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa), combined oral contraceptives (COC), or low‐dose mifepristone. Patients who did not receive management were included in the control group.

Results

There were 112 patients included in the intervention group and 218 patients included in the control group. In all, 90.0%(297/330) of patients presented with HMB before HSCT. In the control group, 83.5%(182/218) of patients experienced menstruation in the laminar air‐flow room (LAFR), whereas only 22.3%(25/112) did in the intervention group. After leaving the LAFR, the incidence of recurrent uterine bleeding was significantly reduced in the intervention group (17.9%(20/112/) versus 50.9%(111/218), p < 0.001). Patients who did not undergo menstrual management had a higher risk of bleeding than those who did (odds ratio 18.12, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Menstrual management significantly reduces the incidence of HMB in HSCT patients and acts as a protective factor to prevent menstrual bleeding in the LAFR.
Gender differences in adolescents' life satisfaction: A replication study in Kazakhstan
Authors: Brisson Romain , Adayeva Assel , Abdrakhmanova Shynar
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Whether adolescents' life satisfaction varies with gender is unclear. In a recently published study, Brisson et al. found unadjusted mean scores of life satisfaction to be higher in boys than in girls in Luxembourg, a country ranking high in gender‐equality indexes. However, gender was no longer predictive of life satisfaction when well‐identified predictors of life satisfaction were included in the model. The present work aimed to replicate Brisson et al.'s study in Kazakhstan, a less gender‐equal country than Luxembourg, and test the gender‐equality‐paradox hypothesis.

Methods

We used cross‐sectional data from the Health‐Behavior in School‐aged Children study conducted in 2022 to mirror Brisson et al.'s study design. We relied on a nationally representative sample of 7369 school attendees in Kazakhstan (MAGE = 13.4; SDAGE = 1.7; 52.3% female). We performed general linear modeling analyses to achieve our research goals.

Results and Conclusions

In keeping with Brisson et al.'s study, we found unadjusted mean scores of life satisfaction to be higher in boys than in girls. The magnitude of the gender gap was lower in Kazakhstan than in Luxembourg. In contrast to Brisson et al.'s study, controlling for well‐identified predictors of life satisfaction did not annul the gap in question but changed its sign. This result suggests that, ceteris paribus, girls were more satisfied with their life than boys. Overall, our replication study supports the gender‐equality‐paradox hypothesis. Future studies may investigate whether this paradox stems from gendered criteria of life satisfaction assessment and/or sociobiological differences in health profiles.
Antioxidant enzyme Prdx1 inhibits osteoclastogenesis via suppressing ROS and NFATc1 signaling pathways
Authors: Wang Chao , Wang Gang , Song Fangming , Zhao Jinmin , Liu Qian , Xu Jiake
Published: September 2024

Bone is a dynamic organ which continuously undergoes remodeling throughout one's lifetime. Cellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential for regulating bone homeostasis. Osteoclasts, multinucleated giant cells differentiated from macrophage lineage, are responsible for osteolytic bone conditions which are closely linked to ROS signaling pathways. In this study, an anti‐ROS enzyme, peroxiredoxin 1 (Prdx1) was found to be expressed both in bone marrow macrophages and osteoclasts. Recombinant Prdx1 protein was found to dose‐dependently inhibit ROS production and osteoclast differentiation. Mechanistically, Prdx1 protein also attenuated NFATc1 activation as well as the expression of C‐Fos, V‐ATPase‐d2, Cathepsin K, and Integrin αV. Collectively, Prdx1 is a negative regulator on osteoclast formation via inhibiting RANKL‐mediated ROS activity, thus suggesting its potential application for treating osteoclast related disorders.
Clinical genetic counselors' use of people‐ and identity‐first language in regard to patients' identification with disability
Authors: Lepard Tiffany , Dugan Mary , Cleveland Elizabeth , Menke Chelsea
Published: September 2024

The language surrounding disabilities has evolved from derogatory terms to the adoption of people‐first language. However, identity‐first language is being advocated for by some within the disability community. Using the preferred terminology is crucial to demonstrate respect and prevent stigmatization, especially in healthcare settings like genetic counseling, where language can impact relationships with the community. However, the specific language practices of genetic counselors and their underlying reasons are unclear. This qualitative study explored the language practices employed by genetic counselors when interacting with individuals with disabilities. Fifteen interviews were conducted with genetic counselors who had clinical experience. Reflexive thematic analysis revealed that the perceptions and practices about language used with patients and disability communities overall varied, with overarching themes of people‐first language is the preferred and default language, counselors mirror patient language with some exceptions, acknowledging the evolving nature of language, recognizing differences in language preferences, and reacting to outdated terminology. These findings show the importance of continuing education to stay abreast of preferred verbiage within communities and individual patients.
Epidemiology and molecular evolution of GI.1 sapovirus in the recent era
Authors: Hoque Sheikh A. , Akari Yuki , Khamrin Pattara , Phan Tung , Onda Yuko , Okitsu Shoko , Komoto Satoshi , Hayakawa Satoshi , Komine‐ Aizawa Shihoko , Yuki Yoshikazu , Kiyono Hiroshi , Ushijima Hiroshi
Published: September 2024

Sapovirus (SaV) infection is increasing worldwide. Herein, we provided evidence of a significant increase in SaV infection in Japan during 2010–2022, primarily due to the considerable (p = 0.0003) rise of the GI.1 genotype. Furthermore, we found that all major and minor SaV outbreaks in Japan, including the largest SaV outbreak in 2021–2022, were caused by the GI.1 genotype. Therefore, to get insight into the underlying molecular mechanism behind this rising trend of the SaV GI.1 type, we selected 15 SaV GI.1 outbreak strains for complete genome analysis through next‐generation sequencing. Phylogenetically, our strains remained clustered in different branches in lineages I and II among the GI.1 genotype. We showed all amino acid (aa) substitutions in different open reading frames (ORFs) in these strains. Importantly, we have demonstrated that the strains involved in the largest SaV outbreak in Japan in 2021–2022 belonged to lineage II and possessed the third ORF. We have identified some unique aa mutations in these major outbreak strains in the NS1 and NS6‐NS7 regions that are thought to be associated with viral pathogenicity, cell tropism, and epidemiological competence. Thus, in addition to enriching the database of SaV's complete sequences, this study provides insights into its important mutations.
Encysted Tubular Sweat Gland Adenoma of the Nasal Ala: A Rare Cause for Unilateral Nasal Discharge
Authors: Teng Thomas Zheng Jie , Fong Pei Yuan , Al Jajeh Issam , Chua Andy Jian Kai
Published: September 2024

Benign cutaneous apocrine sweat gland adenomas in the nose are rare. We present the novel case of a nasal ala cutaneous sweat gland lesion. A 43‐year‐old male presents with a one year history of a right nostril mass with intermittent clear discharge, triggered by periods of hot weather and increased humidity. Histopathological analysis post‐excision revealed a solid‐cystic lesion of bi‐layered ducts, with snouts suggestive of apocrine secretions. Given the close relationship of tumour enlargement with heat and expression of clear liquid upon direct pressure, we postulate that the intermittent tumescence represents sweat production and accumulation within the lesion. Laryngoscope, 135:602–604, 2025
Mid‐Infrared Hyperuniform Disordered Solids Waveguide Devices with Morphology Engineering and Wall‐Network Regulation
Authors: Chen Si , Sun Yuhan , Zhang Hong , Xu Tianping , Zhang Zunyue , Han Qun , Liu Tiegen , Zou Yi , Cheng Zhenzhou
Published: September 2024

Hyperuniform disordered solids (HUDS) waveguides, a type of emerging artificial photonic bandgap (PBG) devices, are demonstrated to possess large, complete, and isotropic PBGs, being promising for developing applications in optoelectronics, nonlinear optics, and sensing. However, optical losses of HUDS waveguides are usually limited by giant light scattering from the irregular distribution of HUDS cells. Herein, HUDS waveguide devices are demonstrated with low optical losses and large PBGs by exploring a morphology‐engineering and wall‐network‐regulation method of developing HUDS structures. The results show that the proposed device can achieve a 3.0 dB transmittance improvement for a 36‐µm‐long silicon HUDS waveguide. Based on the proposed HUDS structure, a waveguide‐coupled HUDS‐cladding nanocavity is also demonstrated with a quality factor of ≈70 at 2.250 µm wavelengths and a theoretical refractive index sensitivity of 446 nm RIU−1. The study opens an avenue to develop intriguing HUDS waveguide devices for on‐chip applications.
Investigation on Air Drag Reduction and Stabilisation of Bionic Multiscale Wetting Gradient Surfaces
Authors: Xu Jing , Yang Junyan , Zhang GuiMing , Mahfoudi Wissal , Lian Jiadi
Published: September 2024

Considering the rapid liquid transport characteristics of bionic dragonfly wings, an experimental investigation into the stability and drag reduction properties of an air film on various textured surfaces is being conducted. The study examines the impact of different wetting gradient textures on the stability and drag reduction properties of air film. Experimental results demonstrate an enhanced fluid transport efficiency, resulting in a maximum drag reduction of 9.1%, attributed to the size effect of the multi‐scale structure of bionic dragonfly wings. Surfaces featuring wetting gradients exhibit increased stability of the air film within the texture and the ability to trap air bubbles. Based on a near‐wall flow two‐phase flow theory model, the simulation considers the morphological changes of the air film at structured interfaces and their influence on near‐wall flow characteristics. The results indicate that the drag reduction effect arise from the slippage effect between the internal vortex in the air film inside the texture and the flow field near the wall surface. The synergistic effect of near‐wall flow fields among multiple texture layers is evident. This interplay across different regions contributes to the sustained drag reduction within the near wall area.
Viscoelasticity, logarithmic stresses, and tensorial transport equations
Authors: Ciampa Gennaro , Giusteri Giulio G. , Soggiu Alessio G.
Published: September 2024

We introduce models for viscoelastic materials, both solids and fluids, based on logarithmic stresses to capture the elastic contribution to the material response. The matrix logarithm allows to link the measures of strain, that naturally belong to a multiplicative group of linear transformations, to stresses, that are additive elements of a linear space of tensors. As regards the viscous stresses, we simply assume a Newtonian constitutive law, but the presence of elasticity and plastic relaxation makes the materials non‐Newtonian. Our aim is to discuss the existence of weak solutions for the corresponding systems of partial differential equations in the nonlinear large‐deformation regime. The main difficulties arise in the analysis of the transport equations necessary to describe the evolution of tensorial measures of strain. For the solid model, we only need to consider the equation for the left Cauchy–Green tensor, while for the fluid model, we add an evolution equation for the elastically‐relaxed strain. Due to the tensorial nature of the fields, available techniques cannot be applied to the analysis of such transport equations. To cope with this, we introduce the notion of charted weak solution, based on non‐standard a priori estimates, that lead to a global‐in‐time existence of solutions for the viscoelastic models in the natural functional setting associated with the energy inequality.
Pattern dynamics in a water–vegetation model with cross‐diffusion and nonlocal delay
Authors: Guo Gaihui , You Jing , Ahmed Abbakar Khalid
Published: September 2024

In semiarid areas, the positive feedback effect of vegetation and soil moisture plays an indispensable role in the water absorption process of plant roots. In addition, vegetation can absorb water through the nonlocal interaction of roots. Therefore, in this article, we consider how the interactions between cross‐diffusion and nonlocal delay affect vegetation growth. Through mathematical analysis, the conditions for the occurrence of the Turing pattern in the water–vegetation model are obtained. Meanwhile, using the multi‐scale analysis method, the amplitude equation near the Turing bifurcation boundary is obtained. By analyzing the stability of the amplitude equation, the conditions for the appearance of Turing patterns such as stripes, hexagons, and mixtures of stripes and hexagons are determined. Some numerical simulations are given to illustrate the analytical results, especially the evolution processes of vegetation patterns depicted under different parameters.
Stability analysis and error estimation based on difference spectral approximation for Allen–Cahn equation in a circular domain
Authors: Pan Zhenlan , Zheng Jihui , An Jing
Published: September 2024

For the first time, we propose an efficient difference spectral approximation for Allen–Cahn equation in a circular domain. Firstly, we introduce the polar coordinate transformation and derive the equivalent form of Allen–Cahn equation under this coordinate system, as well as the corresponding essential polar condition. Then, by using first‐order Euler and second‐order backward difference methods in the temporal direction, we deduce the first‐order and second‐order semi‐implicit schemes, based on which the first‐order and second‐order fully discrete schemes are established by employing Legendre‐Fourier spectral approximation in the spatial direction. In addition, the energy stability and error estimations for the two types of numerical schemes are theoretically proved. Finally, we provide some numerical examples, the results of which demonstrate the stability and convergence of the algorithm.
Output feedback control of anti‐linear systems using adaptive dynamic programming
Authors: Yu Li , Wang Hai
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces an adaptive optimal feedback control approach for discrete‐time anti‐linear systems (ALSs). The method utilizes sampling and measurable input–output data. By employing the Adaptive Dynamic Programming (ADP) technique, this study iteratively solves the discrete‐time algebraic Anti‐Riccati equation (AARE). Initially, an output feedback model is established for ALSs, and a model‐based algorithm is developed based on this model. The feasibility of this algorithm is based on the premise that the system dynamic information is completely known. Subsequently, for the scenario where the model is unknown, we further developed a model‐free ADP algorithm specifically designed to address optimal control problems in the presence of model uncertainty. With this algorithm, we achieve effective control optimization even in cases where detailed system dynamics information is lacking. Finally, through simulation experiments, we validated the feasibility and effectiveness of this algorithm.
A spring‐mass chain multi‐body approach for modeling yarn balloon dynamics in ring spinning
Authors: Perez‐Delgado Yves Jesus , Beitelschmidt Michael , Hossain Mahmud , Cherif Chokri , Abdkader Anwar , Baloochi Mostafa , Hühne Ruben
Published: September 2024

The ring spinning technology is widely used in the textile industry to produce high‐quality yarn. One of the challenges for higher productivity is the limited spindle speed due to friction in its conventional ring/traveler twisting system. However, it was recently shown that a superconducting magnetic bearing twisting system might overcome this limitation due to significantly reduced friction, which allows the use of higher spindle speeds and thereby increases productivity.

To analyze the impact of speed increments on the yarn formation, it is crucial to model the yarn balloon dynamics. This is of particular importance as new challenges arise for such high‐speed processes, including the increase in yarn tension due to higher centrifugal forces and increased air resistance of the yarn itself.

Therefore, in this work, a model based on a chain of springs and masses as an alternative to traditional continuous models was developed. In the proposed model, each mass corresponds to a yarn segment, while the springs represent the interactions between adjacent segments. This discrete approach allows for a simplified simulation of the three‐dimensional yarn balloon dynamics, leading to a reduced computational load, which allows to analyze the yarn path more easily under different conditions.
Ultraviolet curing technology plus chemical copper plating: A novel method for producing highly durable fabric‐based flexible circuit
Authors: Zhang Maojiang , Cui Kexin , Zhang Xinwei , Wang Jinghua , Wang Minglei , Wu Yanfu , Dong Chunlei , Gan Jie , Hu Jiangtao , Wu Guozhong
Published: September 2024

The construction of flexible circuits is a crucial and challenging aspect in the design and fabrication of fabric‐based flexible electronics, which hold significant potential for various applications. In this study, we successfully developed high‐precision and durable fabric‐based flexible circuits by ingeniously combining ultraviolet light (UV)‐curing technology with chemical plating. Specifically, a UV coating containing Ag/Fe3O4 catalysts was applied onto polyester fabric surface, followed by printing the designed circuit structure diagram onto the fabric using UV light‐directed curing of the coating, and fabric‐based flexible circuits were then fabricated through chemical plating process. The fabric‐based flexible circuits exhibit only minimal increases in resistance following durability testing, including bending (8000 times), abrasion (2000 times), high and low temperature stability (−30 to 60°C), and high temperature/humidity stability (65°C, RH = 95%, 48 h), which remains consistently stable. This developed technology holds immense potential across various applications for smart wearable devices.
Electrophoretic Deposition of Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes: The Key Role of Plasma Functionalization and Polymerization
Authors: Hein Lynn , Coulombe Sylvain , Cecere Renzo , Mongrain Rosaire
Published: September 2024

The electrophoretic deposition of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been well‐researched; however, preparatory steps lead to MWCNT coating contamination and deposits often have weak adhesion to the substrate. This work targets these two weaknesses. First, MWCNTs were functionalized by nonthermal, radiofrequency plasma, producing oxygenated MWCNTs (O‐MWCNTs), with which water‐based suspensions were prepared. Second, an ethane‐based plasma polymer was applied on the metallic substrate as an interlayer to improve coating adhesion. O‐MWCNT coatings were produced at 5–40 V for 1–60 min. Homogeneous coatings with thicknesses up to 10 µm were achieved, the composition was 90‐95 at% carbon with the balance element being oxygen, and coating adhesion without damage was confirmed for shear stresses up to 16 Pa.
Revolutionizing cancer treatment: The role of radiopharmaceuticals in modern cancer therapy
Authors: Varghese Treesa P. , John Anish , Mathew Jithin
Published: September 2024

Radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) is a precision medicine approach that involves the targeted delivery of radioactive atoms to tumor cells, representing a breakthrough strategy for cancer treatment. Radiopharmaceuticals typically consist of a small amount of radioactive material, a radionuclide, paired with a chemical that specifically targets the cell. Some radionuclides naturally target specific cells or biological processes without the need for modification. RPT is a novel cancer treatment method that offers various advantages over current traditional treatment approaches. One of the primary advantages of RPT is its ability to target cancer cells, including those in metastatic areas. Another key advantage of RPT is that radiation can be delivered systemically, locally, or physiologically to specific cells internally rather than being applied externally. Moreover, radiotracer imaging can be utilized to determine radiopharmaceutical absorption in target tissues before providing a therapeutic dose. Compared to all other cancer treatment approaches, RPT has demonstrated high efficacy with minimal toxicity. The recent approval of multiple RPT medicines by the US Food and Drug Administration highlights the tremendous potential of this treatment. This article provides a detailed review of RPT, including insights into manufacturing procedures, safety measures, and its applications in cancer therapy.
Predicting clinically significant prostate cancer in elderly patients: A nomogram approach with shear wave elastography
Authors: Liu Xiang , Zhu Jia , Shi Meng‐Qi , Pan Yong‐Sheng , Cao Xin‐Yu , Zhang Zhong‐Xin
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study was to construct a nomogram utilizing shear wave elastography and assess its efficacy in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).

Methods

290 elderly people with suspected PCa who received prostate biopsy and shear wave elastography (SWE) imaging were respectively registered from April 2022 to December 2023. The elderly participants were stratified into two groups: those with csPCa and those without csPCa, which encompassed cases of clinically insignificant prostate cancer (cisPCa) and non‐prostate cancer tissue, as determined by pathology findings. The LASSO algorithm, known as the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, was utilized to identify features. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to establish models. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curves were utilized to evaluate the discriminatory ability of the nomogram. Bootstrap (1000 bootstrap iterations) was employed for internal validation and comparison with two models. A decision curve and a clinical impact curve were employed to assess the clinical usefulness.

Results

Our nomogram, which contained Emean, ΔEmean, prostate volume, prostate‐specific antigen density (PSAD), and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), showed better discrimination (AUC = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.83−0.94), compared to the clinical model without SWE parameters (p = 0.0007). Its accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were 0.83, 0.89 and 0.78, respectively. Based on the analysis of decision curve, the thresholds ranged from 5% to 90%. According to our nomogram, biopsying patients at a 20% probability threshold resulted in a 25% reduction in biopsies without missing any csPCa. The clinical impact curve demonstrated that the nomogram's predicted outcome is closer to the observed outcome when the probability threshold reaches 20% or greater.

Conclusion

Our nomogram demonstrates efficacy in identifying elderly individuals with clinically significant prostate cancer, thereby facilitating informed clinical decision‐making based on diagnostic outcomes and potential clinical benefits.
Advancements in Piezoelectric‐Enabled Devices for Optical Communication
Authors: Roszkiewicz Agata , Garlińska Magdalena , Pregowska Agnieszka
Published: September 2024

The ability of piezoelectric materials to convert mechanical energy into electric energy and vice versa has made them desirable in the wide range of applications that oscillate from medicine to the energetics industry. Their implementation in optical communication is often connected with the modulation or other manipulations of the light signals. In this article, the recent advancements in the field of piezoelectrics‐based devices and their promising benefits in optical communication are explored. The application of piezoelectrics‐based devices in optical communication allows dynamic control, modulation, and manipulation of optical signals that lead to a more reliable transmission. It turns out that a combination of artificial‐intelligence‐based algorithms with piezoelectrics can enhance the performance of these devices, including optimization of piezoelectric modulation, adaptive signal processing, control of optical components, and increase the level of energy efficiency. It can enhance signal quality, mitigate interference, and reduce noise‐connected issues. Moreover, this technological fusion can increase the security of optical communication systems. Finally, the potential future research lines are determined.
Effectiveness of language‐sensitive subject teaching: Heterogeneity and quality of the evidence and implications for future research
Authors: Vasylyeva Tetyana , Woerfel Till , Twente Leonie , Höfler Martha
Published: September 2024

We report and appraise the heterogeneity and quality of 53 primary studies included in a systematic review project on the effectiveness of language‐sensitive subject teaching in primary and secondary education to provide a comprehensive overview of the research field and to give detailed recommendations for future research. We followed a systematic review process adhering to existing guidelines and procedures to define inclusion and quality criteria for experimental, quasi‐experimental and observational studies published since 1990 in English and German. We performed an extensive search, screened on titles, abstracts and full texts, and found 55 studies to meet the inclusion criteria. Out of these studies, 53 studies fulfilled the quality criteria (assessment of internal validity) and were included in the review. Most of the studies show that students taught with language‐sensitive approaches achieve the same or better results than students taught using non‐language‐sensitive approaches for at least one content or language learning outcome (for the results of the narrative synthesis, see Höfler et al., Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft, 2023, 27, 449). Here, we examine in detail the characteristics of the included studies in terms of the heterogeneity of populations, interventions, outcomes, and study designs and provide arguments for a careful interpretation of the review results. We argue that limited methodological and reporting quality introduce risk of bias to varying degrees. We address methodological issues and gaps in research and present our detailed recommendations for future work informed by our findings.

Context and implications

Rationale for this study: This paper systematises the heterogeneity, quality and scope of the studies on the effectiveness of language‐sensitive teaching and gives detailed recommendations for future research.

Why the new findings matter: Our findings help shape the trajectory of research on language‐sensitive subject teaching.

Implications for researchers and policy makers: This article describes the state of knowledge concerning the effectiveness of language‐sensitive subject teaching. Our results provide educators and educational researchers with a systematised overview of the tested approaches and their effect on different learning outcomes. Based on our assessment of the study quality and the transferability of the results, we point out research gaps and offer detailed recommendations to help researchers design new research projects. Our results will also aid policy makers in deciding what evidence to consider in the context of evidence‐based practice as well as in the formulation of future funding directives.
Gender, social networks, and the use of organic fertilizers toward sustainable agriculture in suburban villages of Central Vietnam
Authors: Le Thi Quynh Anh , Shimamura Yasuharu , Yamada Hiroyuki , Le Minh Duc
Published: September 2024

Farmland degradation caused by excessive use of agrochemicals is a serious environmental concern, and thus the use of organic fertilizers is encouraged for sustainable agriculture in Vietnam. However, the adoption of organic fertilizers among farming households has been slow, spontaneous, and fragmented. The absence of credible information and advisory sources is reported to be a critical constraint. The sharing of information and experiences among social networks is expected to play an important role in overcoming this constraint, although strong causal evidence remains scarce. Therefore, this study employs an instrumental variable approach with observational village‐census data to identify the causal impacts of social networks on the adoption of organic fertilizers and explores the underlying information‐sharing mechanism within social networks, providing rich information about existing social networks for both men and women separately. The estimation results show that in farming households, the wife's social networks have a positive and significant effect on the diffusion of organic fertilizers. Our findings highlight the role of information exchange, experience sharing, and agricultural collaboration among groups of women in enhancing pro‐environmental agricultural practices in suburban villages of Central Vietnam.
TiO2 and ZnO Nanoparticles Immobilized on Magnetic Sulfonated Melamine‐Formaldehyde: Structure Identification and Performance as Recyclable Catalysts for the Biginelli Reaction
Authors: Jamshidifard Kamran , Rezaei Ramin , Farsadrooh Majid , Rouhani Shamila
Published: September 2024

Sulfonated melamine‐formaldehyde (SMF) containing high dispersed TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles were fabricated into magnetic nanocomposites by two different method material incorporation protocols, including calcination and wet impregnation. Their catalytic performance was investigated toward Biginelli reaction. For the preparation of the first catalyst series, a two‐step protocol was used. Initially, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were coated with SMF (Fe3O4/SMF). Subsequently, they were decorated consecutively with TiO2 (Fe3O4/SMF/TiO2) and ZnO (Fe3O4/SMF/ZnO). The second set of catalysts was prepared using a two‐step process. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were first used to modify SMF (SMF/Fe3O4). Following the initial step, the surface of SMF/Fe3O4 was decorated with both TiO2 (SMF/Fe3O4/TiO2) and ZnO (SMF/Fe3O4/ZnO). To understand the characteristics of the synthesized nanocomposites, a variety of characterization techniques were employed. New catalysts enabled the rapid synthesis (30–45 min) of a range of biologically active 3,4‐dihydropyrimidinones based on the Biginelli reaction with high yields (70–95 % isolated).
Linamarin Binding to Human Serum Albumin. A Spectroscopic and Molecular Docking Approach
Authors: Jelić Ratomir , Mrkalić Emina , Ćendić‐Serafinović Marina , Odović Jadranka , Sovrlić Miroslav
Published: September 2024

The interaction between linamarin (LIN), a cyanogenic glycoside, and human serum albumin (HSA) was studied by multiple spectroscopic techniques and molecular docking simulation. All measurements were performed under physiological conditions. The obtained results (including the binding constants, effective quenching constant and a number of binding sites) showed that the complex of HSA‐LIN is formed. The values of Stern‐Volmer constants (6.70×103, 5.53×103 and 1.95×103) indicate that fluorescence quenching of HSA was static. Results of site marker experiments showed that the binding site of LIN is mainly located in site I (subdomain IIA) of HSA. The thermodynamic parameters showed that binding process occurs spontaneously through hydrophobic interactions. Molecular docking results are in good agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, computational results revealed LIN binds in the cavity of TRP 214, that is, subdomain IIA (site I) of HSA. This comprehensive study provides a deeper insight into ligand binding in HSA which may be useful in drug design and pharmacology.
Fabrication of Famotidine Loaded Sepiolite/Pectin Bionanocomposite Hydrogels for Controlled Drug Delivery
Authors: Yasin Amina , Ahmad Sana , Imran Saleha
Published: September 2024

Development of drug delivery systems is an extensively researched area in the biomedical field. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in fabrication of biocompatible nanofibrous drug delivery systems. The present study describes the fabrication of calcium chloride‐crosslinked bionanocomposite hydrogels based on pectin for the use of gastro‐retentive delivery system. Sepiolite/famotidine/pectin nanocomposite hydrogel was fabricated by using Ionotropic gelation process. The thermal, structural and morphological properties were evaluated via different experimental techniques such as TGA‐DSC, FTIR, and SEM. The prepared hydrogels showed a pH sensitive swelling profile with maximum water absorption at pH 1.2. Analysis of in‐vitro drug release data revealed that the sepiolite/famotidine/pectin nanocomposite hydrogels exhibited a slight initial burst release, followed by a sustained release over a 24 h period. This was observed both in simulated gastric fluid and in phosphate‐buffered saline, suggesting that these hydrogels are well‐suited for prolonged drug delivery. To investigate the drug release kinetics, various models were applied. The release of famotidine was predominantly governed by diffusion, as described by the Korsmeyer‐Peppas model.