bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Damage to non-structural components and contents in 2010 Darfield earthquake
Authors: Dhakal Rajesh P.
Published: September 2019

This paper describes the performance of (or damage to) non-structural components and contents in buildings during the 4th September 2010 Darfield (Canterbury) earthquake and the subsequent aftershocks. Even in buildings with little damage to their structural systems, non-structural and content damages were significant; and these damages were reported to have increased during the aftershocks (especially those of magnitude 5 and higher). Most commonly damaged non-structural components were brick chimneys, parapets, ceilings, facades, internal walls and windows. The nature and extent of damages in each of these components are discussed in this paper with the help of typical damage photos taken after the earthquake. The extent of content damage in a building was dependent on its usage; typically buildings using racks/shelves for displaying commodities (such as library, departmental stores, liquor shops etc) suffered significantly greater loss from content damage than residential houses, office buildings and other types of commercial buildings.
Research Intelligence (CRIS) and the Cloud: A Review
Authors: Azeroual Otmane , Schöpfel Joachim
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of the cloud technology on current research information systems (CRIS). Based on an overview of published literature and on empirical evidence from surveys, the paper presents main characteristics, delivery models, service levels and general benefits of cloud computing. The second part assesses how the cloud computing challenges the research information management, from three angles: networking, specific benefits, and the ingestion of data in the cloud. The third part describes three aspects of the implementation of current research systems in the clouds, i.e. service models, requirements and potential risks and barriers. The paper concludes with some perspectives for future work. The paper is written for CRIS administrators and users, in order to improve research information management and to contribute to future development and implementation of these systems, but also for scholars and students who want to have detailed knowledge on this topic.
The Effect of Accessibility on Performance of Maternal and Child Health Policy Implementation in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia
Authors: Florentianus Tat , Maria Bait M.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND: The fact shows that the performance of health service policy implementation from the output aspect (out put) and the outcome (out comes) policy has not been in line with expectations. This condition will also have a direct influence on the Human Development Index in East Nusa Tenggara Province, where the position of East Nusa Tenggara is still in the order of 32 out of 34 provinces in Indonesia, which ranges from 68.77. The main purpose of this study was to identify the health service accessibility in East Nusa Tenggara. Furthermore, this study also intended to find out the performance of policy implementation and was to identify the effect of accessibility of health sevices on the performance of policy implementation on mothers and children in East Nusa Tenggara.

SUBJECT & METHOD: This research is a quantitative study, conducted in 11 districts, 104 community healths services, and has 235 health workers as respondents in East Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia.

RESULT: The results of the study on conditions of accessibility and networking in maternal and child health services in East Nusa Tenggara Province are still lacking (mean 2.7), meaning that conditions of accessibility in East Nusa Tenggara Province do not support the implementation of MCH policies. The performance of MCH policy implementation in East Nusa Tenggara Province is in the 3.36 category, meaning that the targets of MCH services that have been made have not been maximally realized. There is a correlation between accessibility conditions and the performance of MCH policy implementation (p = 0.00), the correlation coefficient of 0.429 shows that this correlation is quite strong, although not very strong. This correlation shows a positive relationship which means that if the accessibility conditions are easier, it will improve the performance of MCH policy implementation. The effect of accessibility on policy performance has been carried out partial linear regression test (t test), found t count = 19.0115 > t table 1.97 means that there is a significant influence on the condition of accessibility to the performance of MCH policies in East Nusa Tenggara Province.

CONCLUSION: Accessibility to health services in East Nusa Tenggara Province is still lacking, the policy implementation performance is good and there is a significant and positive influence between service accessibility and policy implementation performance.

RECOMENDATION: The government is expected to be more serious in efforts to open the accessibility of health services and set more realistic targets that could be achieved.
Biochemical Compositions in the Follicular Fluid of Different Follicle Groups and Their Relationship with the Blood Concentrations in Dromedary Camels
Authors: Shehab-El-Deen M. A. M. M. , Al-Dobaib S. N. , Al-Sobayil K. A.
Published: September 2019

Metabolic profile changes of the follicular fluid of the growing follicles can be used as an indirect indicator of the oocyte and granulosa cells quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical compositions of follicular fluid collected from follicles at different stages of growth and their relationship with that of blood serum in Dromedary camel. Ovaries were colleceted from local slaughterhouse (Oniza, KSA). Soon after slaughtering, blood samples were collected from Dromedary camel (n = 20) and follicular fluid was aspirated from three different groups of non-atretic follicles (4–6)mm, 6–8mm and 10–20mm diameter). Follicular samples were pooled by maintaining the follicular sizes. Concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, total protein, lactate dehydrosenase (LDH), cortisol, triiodothyronine (T3), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were assayed in each serum and follicular fluid sample. The concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, LDH, T3, IGF-1 and NEFA decreased in the follicular fluid irrespective of follicular sizes and increasing in trend for urea in comparison with blood serum. There was a significant concentration gradient for IGF-1 in small follicular group compared to large or medium groups. Our data from the present study suggest that the oocyte and the granulosa cells of Dromedary she camel develop in a biochemical environment that does not have remarkable changes from small to large follicles except for IGF-1. In conclusion, the above-mentioned metabolic changes in the growing follicle is related to blood metabolic changes and, therefore, may be used in determining follicular dominance, oocyte and granulosa cells quality in Dromedary camel.
Exploring Small and Medium Enterprises’ Perceptions Towards Islamic Banking Products in Morocco
Authors: Ziky Mustapha , Daouah Raja
Published: September 2019

The main purpose of the study is to examine the willingnesslof Moroccanlsmall andlmediumlsizelenterpriseslto adopt Islamic finance methods andlthe factors thatlmay affect theirldecision. The researchlmethod is based on a modified version of theory of planned behavior (TPB). A total of 250 questionnaires were randomly distributed to SME’s managers but only 167 were valid for Analysis. The empirical findings based on our research framework indicate that most of SMEs are potential user of Islamic finance instruments. Noticeably, cost plays a major role in determining the likelihood of demand of these products by Moroccan SMEs. In addition, business support, risk sharing, suitability and self-efficacy were also found significant in determining the probability of use of Islamic financial methods by SME. The findings extend our understanding of Moroccan SMEs attitudes and awareness towards Islamic finance, and they are of key importance in informing future financial industry practice and financial policy formation in Morocco.
The Process of Origination, Production and Distribution of Paintings for Profit: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Arize Augustine C. , Kallianiotis Ioannis N. , Malindretos John , Kim Ki Hee , Shane Rebecca
Published: September 2019

This study examines the full process of how paintings originate, and how they proceed from creation to the final stage of their sale. In it, we shall see that there are a few parties, which are involved from beginning to end. We observe in this that the artist is not the supreme being, but a cog in the wheels of the creation and distribution of art.
Use of Wyoming Southern Bighorn Mountains Topographic Map Evidence to Test a Recently Proposed Regional Geomorphology Paradigm: USA
Authors: Clausen Eric
Published: September 2019

Detailed topographic maps covering a high elevation Bighorn-Powder River drainage divide segment in the southern Bighorn Mountains are used to test a recently proposed regional geomorphology paradigm. Fundamentally different from the commonly accepted paradigm the new paradigm predicts immense south-oriented continental ice sheet melt water floods once flowed across what is now the entire Missouri River drainage basin, in which the high Bighorn Mountains are located. Such a possibility is incompatible with commonly accepted paradigm expectations and previous investigators have interpreted Bighorn Mountains geomorphic history quite differently. The paradigm test began in the high glaciated Bighorn Mountains core area where numerous passes, or divide crossings, indicate multiple and sometimes closely spaced streams of water once flowed across what is now the Bighorn-Powder River drainage divide. To the south of the glaciated area, but still in a Precambrian bedrock region, the test found the roughly adjacent and parallel south-oriented North Fork Powder River and Canyon Creek headwaters located on opposite sides of the Bighorn-Powder River drainage divide with North Fork Powder River headwaters closely linked to a 300-meter deep pass through which south-oriented water had probably flowed. Shallower divide crossings located further to the south suggest diverging and converging streams of water once flowed not only across the Bighorn-Powder River drainage divide, but also across Powder River and Bighorn River tributary drainage divides. The paradigm test also found published geologic maps and reports showing the presence of possible flood transported and deposited alluvium. While unable to determine the water source, the new paradigm test did find evidence that large south-oriented floods had crossed what was probably a rising Bighorn Mountains mountain range.
Inclusion in the homonormative world city: The case of gay migrants living with HIV in Barcelona
Authors: Di Feliciantonio Cesare
Published: September 2019

Homonormativity has become a hegemonic concept within geographies of sexualities, with critical scholars emphasizing exclusionary practices towards specific ‘unwanted’ subjects. However, the literature has ignored the role of one of the main sources of bias and discrimination for gay men: HIV-positivity. The paper seeks to start to fill this void by showing how the geographies of homonormativity and the migration paths of gay men living with HIV often overlap. The paper builds a diversified and situated account of homonormative spaces as spaces of (relative) privilege and inclusion by looking at the everyday practices and experiences of Italian and French gay migrants living with HIV in Barcelona, the Catalan capital. When considering everyday practices, the paper focuses on three characteristics usually associated with neoliberal homonormativity: individualism; privatization, domestication and sanitization of sexual life; exaltation of coupledom. Methodologically the paper results from fieldwork conducted in Barcelona in 2014, including 16 in-depth interviews with Italian and French gay migrants living with HIV.
XXL-TYPE PERSONALITY Personality features promoting excess body weight
Authors: Sekula Marzena , Jarczewska –Gerc Ewa , Boniecka Iwona , Jędrzejewski Emil , Paśnik Krzysztof
Published: October 2019

The aim of the study. The study aimed to determine whether persons suffering from obesity may be characterized by specific personality traits which promote the development of excess body weight. Additionally, the aim involved finding whether persons suffering from morbid obesity differed from healthy individuals and somatic patients as regards selected personality traits. Material and methods. The study enrolled 34 patients with the diagnosis of morbid obesity in the process of qualification for surgical treatment of obesity. The patients’ BMI ranged from 35 to 54 kg/m2. Study participants completed NEO-FFI personality inventory (Costa, McCare; 1998) and the authors’ questionnaire designed to collect demographic data and anthropometric measurements. Results. The study showed that patients with morbid obesity significantly differed from healthy individuals and somatic patients as regards the analyzed measurements of the Big Five. Conclusions. The traits which were significantly distinctive in morbidly obese patients included lowered conscientiousness and increased neuroticism. The results indicate that the above pattern of personality traits may promote the development of excessive body weight.
Screening tool for extracranial carotid lesions detection in patients of outpatient vascular clinic
Authors: Każmierski Piotr , Pająk Michał , Kruś-Hadała Justyna , Jęckowski Mateusz , Bogusiak Katarzyna
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The objective of the study was to evaluate the frequency and severity of atherosclerotic lesions in extracranial sections of carotid arteries and to determine the level of the correlation between these lesions and symptoms of cerebral ischemia. Secondly, to identify the most common risk factors of ischaemic stroke occurrence in population of patients of vascular outpatient clinic.
Material and Methods
Prospective study was conducted on a group of 1,000 people (217 women and 783 men), aged 50 to 86 years, the average age was 62 years (± 9.95).
Results
Atherosclerotic lesions of carotid arteries were observed in 670 examined people (67%). In 63 cases (6.3%) carotid artery occlusion was revealed. Patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis more frequently were addicted to cigarettes and suffered from hypertension in comparison to asymptomatic group. A statistically significant correlation between the TIA or ischemic stroke and smoking were noticed, as well as between TIA/ischemic stroke and hypertension
Conclusions
Among patients with atherosclerosis of peripheral arteries atherosclerotic lesions in the extracranial carotid sections occur with a high frequency. Statistically significant differences in the incidence and severity of atherosclerotic lesions in the carotid arteries were observed in this group.
A statistically significant correlation was revealed between the prevalence and severity of atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries in symptomatic patients and smoking and hypertension. Performing screening in patients with atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta and/or lower limb arteries may detect significant carotid artery stenosis, requiring surgical intervention.
The Role of Physical Activity on Insulin Resistance-Associated Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: M. Gandhi Shruti , S. Nylen Eric , Sen Sabyasachi
Published: October 2019

Enhanced physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness significantly impact morbidity and mortality across the spectrum of noncommunicative chronic illnesses experienced by modern lifestyles. Physical activity itself prompts an intricate interplay of physiological responses across vital organ systems including microvascular adaptations to optimize nutrient, oxygen, and hormone delivery, some of which involves insulin-mediated regulation. Insulin has been known to act on the vasculature in multiple ways by its effects on endothelium and skeletal muscle blood flow. This is important to understand as it has implications for conditions associated with insulin resistance (IR) such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, diabetes, and polycystic ovarian syndrome among others. These conditions are associated with increased morbidity and mortality contributed by endothelial dysfunction via increased atherosclerosis, hypertension, and increased free fatty acid levels. In this chapter, we will discuss the effects of insulin on the vasculature, IR on the endothelium, and lastly, what impact physical activity may have on such processes.
Sports and Health as Cornerstones of Tourism Development: Case Study of Montenegro
Authors: Jakšić-Stojanović Anđela , Šerić Neven
Published: October 2019

The modern phenomenon of tourism is more focused on specific forms of tourism in which sports and health tourism play a very important role. That fact is not surprising having in mind that they represent interconnected activities that complement each other and give each other completely new dimension. On one side, sports and health represent very important content of tourist offer because of the fact they enable tourists to become active participants in various activities, and on the other side, they represent important driving force for visiting particular destination. The idea of this chapter is to provide a theoretical and practical framework of this issue with a special focus on case study of Montenegro. According to the results of the research that was carried out, the general conclusion is that Montenegro has extremely valuable natural resources and potentials for the development of sports and health tourism, but there are still a lot of challenges that should be faced in the future in order to improve the quality of tourist offer and the level of tourists’ satisfaction as well as to create completely new image of the destination and position it as high-quality sports and health tourist destination on international market.
Uma análise sobre a intensidade da racionalidade do mercado de capitais no intraday
Authors: Godoi Alexandre Franco , Aquino Carlos Élder Maciel de , Santos Fernando de Almeida , Pereira José Everardo Alves , Santos José Odálio dos
Published: September 2019

Esta pesquisa, de natureza empírico-analítica, testa a eficiência de mercado e o comportamento do investidor, ao analisar, por meio de um estudo de caso, as ações do Banco Itaú Unibanco, após o anúncio de fatos relevantes junto à Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM). A pesquisa se baseia em dados intradiários das ações ordinárias na tentativa de capturar a intensidade da racionalidade, no comportamento dos investidores no início do pregão após o anúncio, no nível de eficiência e no entendimento de informações relevantes dinâmicas e estáticas. Para a análise e comparação dos dados nos períodos ex-ante e ex-post, foi utilizada a metodologia de Estudo de Eventos, seguindo os procedimentos propostos por Mackinlay (1997). A principal contribuição da pesquisa está na análise do comportamento do movimento das ações durante o dia (intraday) para um único banco, uma vez que os estudos anteriores têm analisado o movimento intradiário de grupos de empresas ou então de carteiras de papéis de companhias. A predominância dos resultados sugere que determinados fatores como o efeito manada, a heurística de disponibilidade e a aversão à perda, foram caracterizados pela intempestividade e volatilidade anormal em comparação a janela de estimação - fato que não assegura a existência de mercado eficiente nos minutos próximos da divulgação das informações relevantes selecionadas.
Køn og akademia
Authors: Mohr Sebastian , De Coninck-Smith Ning , Krabbe Julia Suárez
Published: October 2019

Temaredaktionens indledning til 'Køn & Akademia'-temanummeret.
Jämställdhetsintegrering vid svenska universitet och högskolor. Det politiska uppdraget återspeglat i lärosätenas planer
Authors: Jordansson Birgitta , Peterson Helen
Published: October 2019

Gender Mainstreaming in Swedish Higher Education: the political directive reflected in institutional plans.

The Swedish government’s latest reform of gender inequality in higher education set out to strengthen gender mainstreaming. Following this reform, the Swedish higher education institutions established gender mainstreaming plans for 2017-2019. In this article, we analyse and discuss the content of these plans, focusing on how they describe the organisation of gender mainstreaming, the understanding of gender inequality as a problem, and the planned activities to achieve gender mainstreaming. Drawing on interpretative frame theory, we identify challenges with the aims and scopes of these plans and the definitions they employ, e.g. in attempts to merge gender mainstreaming with the already on-going equal opportunity work based on the Swedish Discrimination Act. We conclude that many institutions have adopted an approach to gender mainstreaming that has the potential for transformation through long-term and sustainable cultural and structural change. To what extent the plans will be fully implemented, however, remains to be investigated, and depends on the organisation of work, commitment of leaders, and legitimacy of practitioners.
De andre tegn på kroppen
Authors: Li Jin Hui , Nielsen Louise Yung , Spanger Marlene , Myong Lene
Published: October 2019

Dette essay udspringer af vores erfaringer med at blive forvekslet med hinanden i konteksten af dansk akademia. At blive forvekslet er selvfølgelig ikke en erfaring, der er forbeholdtøstasiatiske kroppe som vores. Vores afsæt er den racialiserende forveksling, som produceres gennem et hvidt akademisk blik, der både udvisker forskellighed og bestemmer hvilke former for forskellighed, der skal tillægges vægt og betydning. Vi anvender dermed forvekslingerne som en indgang til at reflektere over, hvordan race og hvidhed fungerer som organiserende principper i akademia, og på hvilke måder forskellige former for racialiseringsprocesser gør sig gældende i vores arbejdsliv.
Mapping ecological trends by keywords in the last 20 years
Authors: Shi Lei
Published: September 2019

Background. An effective bibliometric analysis based on the Science Citation Index (SCI) published by the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) was carried out to identify the trend of ecological research between 1992 and 2016. Methods. This study emphases on the high-frequency keywords and their relationships to reveal the hotspots and developing trends of ecological research fields . Results. The result shows that the hotpots of ecology has changed a lot during the last 25 years, but some topics occupied an important position in ecological research consistently. Especially, “Biodiversity” and “Climate change” have been obtained more and more attention, so their ranks also have been changed greatly. As well as, we find that the relationship of the most frequently used keywords become more closely and complicated compared to before. Another interesting and amazing result shows that the keywords related to anthropogenic increased sharply. Finally, keywords analysis was an effective approach for mapping ecological research. We guess that anthropogenic keywords may be a potential guide for future research.
Geofluid Academy: alla scoperta degli impianti di perforazione e delle loro applicazioni 8 Novembre 2019 Piacenza Expo, Piacenza
Authors: Brizzolari Bonizzella
Published: September 2019

Come preannunciato nella rubrica di giugno il giorno 8 novembre prossimo si terrà presso Piacenza Expo a Piacenza un convegno tecnico pratico dal titolo: “Alla scoperta degli impianti di perforazione e delle loro applicazioni” [...].
Legge 464/1984 e conoscenze geologiche a scala nazionale
Authors: Consiglio Nazionale Geologi Commissione Risorse Idriche
Published: September 2019

Nel febbraio scorso è stato presentato nelle sedi deputate il Piano nazionale denominato Proteggitalia (Piano nazionale per la mitigazione del rischio idrogeologico, il ripristino e la tutela della risorsa ambientale, adottato con DPCM 20 febbraio 2019, con successiva approvazione, con Delibera CIPE 24 luglio 2019, del Piano stralcio degli interventi immediatamente cantierabili individuati dal Ministero dell’Ambiente), Piano la cui continuità dovrebbe essere garantita dal nuovo governo. Il Piano si prefigge di mitigare e prevenire il dissesto idrogeologico mediante azioni atte a favorire la messa in sicurezza del nostro Paese, ovvero la realizzazione di opere di manutenzione del territorio e di prevenzione del rischio. Particolare attenzione, oltre agli interventi riconducibili alla gestione delle emergenze e alle azioni di prevenzione dei rischi e manutenzione del territorio, viene dedicata alla semplificazione e rafforzamento della governance. Il piano si configura, dunque, come un riordino, una combinazione e un’integrazione dei vari aspetti, norme, interventi e risorse che nel tempo si sono avvicendate in tema di sicurezza del territorio [...].
DeepPoseKit, a software toolkit for fast and robust animal pose estimation using deep learning
Authors: Graving Jacob M , Chae Daniel , Naik Hemal , Li Liang , Koger Benjamin , Costelloe Blair R , Couzin Iain D
Published: October 2019

Quantitative behavioral measurements are important for answering questions across scientific disciplines—from neuroscience to ecology. State-of-the-art deep-learning methods offer major advances in data quality and detail by allowing researchers to automatically estimate locations of an animal’s body parts directly from images or videos. However, currently available animal pose estimation methods have limitations in speed and robustness. Here, we introduce a new easy-to-use software toolkit, DeepPoseKit, that addresses these problems using an efficient multi-scale deep-learning model, called Stacked DenseNet, and a fast GPU-based peak-detection algorithm for estimating keypoint locations with subpixel precision. These advances improve processing speed >2x with no loss in accuracy compared to currently available methods. We demonstrate the versatility of our methods with multiple challenging animal pose estimation tasks in laboratory and field settings—including groups of interacting individuals. Our work reduces barriers to using advanced tools for measuring behavior and has broad applicability across the behavioral sciences.
Molecular mechanism of TRPV2 channel modulation by cannabidiol
Authors: Pumroy Ruth A , Samanta Amrita , Liu Yuhang , Hughes Taylor ET , Zhao Siyuan , Yudin Yevgen , Rohacs Tibor , Han Seungil , Moiseenkova-Bell Vera Y
Published: September 2019

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) plays a critical role in neuronal development, cardiac function, immunity, and cancer. Cannabidiol (CBD), the non-psychotropic therapeutically active ingredient of Cannabis sativa, is an activator of TRPV2 and also modulates other transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Here, we determined structures of the full-length rat TRPV2 channel in apo and CBD-bound states in nanodiscs by cryo-electron microscopy. We show that CBD interacts with TRPV2 through a hydrophobic pocket located between S5 and S6 helices of adjacent subunits, which differs from known ligand and lipid binding sites in other TRP channels. CBD-bound TRPV2 structures revealed that the S4-S5 linker plays a critical role in channel gating upon CBD binding. Additionally, nanodiscs permitted us to visualize two distinct TRPV2 apo states in a lipid environment. Together these results provide a foundation to further understand TRPV channel gating, their divergent physiological functions, and to accelerate structure-based drug design.
Cue-inhibited ventrolateral periaqueductal gray neurons signal fear output and threat probability in male rats
Authors: Wright Kristina M , Jhou Thomas C , Pimpinelli Daniel , McDannald Michael A
Published: September 2019

The ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) is proposed to mediate fear responses to imminent danger. Previously we reported that vlPAG neurons showing short-latency increases in firing to a danger cue – the presumed neural substrate for fear output – signal threat probability in male rats (Wright et al., 2019). Here, we scrutinize the activity vlPAG neurons that decrease firing to danger. One cue-inhibited population flipped danger activity from early inhibition to late excitation: a poor neural substrate for fear output, but a better substrate for threat timing. A second population showed differential firing with greatest inhibition to danger, less to uncertainty and no inhibition to safety. The pattern of differential firing reflected the pattern of fear output, and was observed throughout cue presentation. The results reveal an expected vlPAG signal for fear output in an unexpected, cue-inhibited population.
Coopted temporal patterning governs cellular hierarchy, heterogeneity and metabolism in Drosophila neuroblast tumors
Authors: Genovese Sara , Clément Raphaël , Gaultier Cassandra , Besse Florence , Narbonne-Reveau Karine , Daian Fabrice , Foppolo Sophie , Luis Nuno Miguel , Maurange Cédric
Published: September 2019

It is still unclear what drives progression of childhood tumors. During Drosophila larval development, asymmetrically-dividing neural stem cells, called neuroblasts, progress through an intrinsic temporal patterning program that ensures cessation of divisions before adulthood. We previously showed that temporal patterning also delineates an early developmental window during which neuroblasts are susceptible to tumor initiation (Narbonne-Reveau et al., 2016). Using single-cell transcriptomics, clonal analysis and numerical modeling, we now identify a network of twenty larval temporal patterning genes that are redeployed within neuroblast tumors to trigger a robust hierarchical division scheme that perpetuates growth while inducing predictable cell heterogeneity. Along the hierarchy, temporal patterning genes define a differentiation trajectory that regulates glucose metabolism genes to determine the proliferative properties of tumor cells. Thus, partial redeployment of the temporal patterning program encoded in the cell of origin may govern the hierarchy, heterogeneity and growth properties of neural tumors with a developmental origin.
Allosteric activation of the nitric oxide receptor soluble guanylate cyclase mapped by cryo-electron microscopy
Authors: Horst Benjamin G , Yokom Adam L , Rosenberg Daniel J , Morris Kyle L , Hammel Michal , Hurley James H , Marletta Michael A
Published: September 2019

Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is the primary receptor for nitric oxide (NO) in mammalian nitric oxide signaling. We determined structures of full-length Manduca sexta sGC in both inactive and active states using cryo-electron microscopy. NO and the sGC-specific stimulator YC-1 induce a 71° rotation of the heme-binding β H-NOX and PAS domains. Repositioning of the β H-NOX domain leads to a straightening of the coiled-coil domains, which, in turn, use the motion to move the catalytic domains into an active conformation. YC-1 binds directly between the β H-NOX domain and the two CC domains. The structural elongation of the particle observed in cryo-EM was corroborated in solution using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). These structures delineate the endpoints of the allosteric transition responsible for the major cyclic GMP-dependent physiological effects of NO.
Chiral Supramolecular Nanoarchitectures from Macroscopic Mechanical Rotations: Effects on Enantioselective Aggregation Behavior of Phthalocyanines
Authors: Kuroha Mizuki , Nambu Shohei , Hattori Shingo , Kitagawa Yuichi , Niimura Kazuhiro , Mizuno Yuki , Hamba Fujihiro , Ishii Kazuyuki
Published: September 2019

Fluid dynamics, resulting from the macroscopic mechanical rotation of either a rotary evaporator or a magnetic stirrer, has been shown to selectively induce one of two enantiomers (mirror‐image structures) in certain nanoscale supramolecules. As an alternative to giving a chiral twist to synthesized supramolecules or polymers, it is a challenge to reproducibly prepare chiral species by only using macroscopic mechanical rotations. Demonstrated here is a highly reproducible method for rotary‐evaporation‐induced enantioselective H‐aggregation of achiral phthalocyanines. Chiral induction mechanisms are proposed by using the chiroptical‐sign‐based absolute structures. These results will provide insight to the origin of the homochirality of life, and serves as a pioneering study in a novel scientific field in terms of admixing nanoscale molecular chemistry and macroscopic fluid dynamics.
A General Framework for Shared Control in Robot Teleoperation with Force and Visual Feedback
Authors: Nicolis Davide
Published: September 2019

In the last decade, the topic of human robot interaction has received increasing interest from research and industry, as robots must now interface with human users to accomplish complex tasks. In this scenario, robotics engineers are required to take the human component into account in the robot design and control. This is especially true in telerobotics, where interaction with the user plays an important role in the controlled system stability. By means of a thorough analysis and practical experiments, this contribution aims at giving a concrete idea of the aspects that need to be considered in the design of a complete control framework for teleoperated systems, that are able to seamlessly integrate with a human operator through shared control.
Incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes by occupation: results from all Swedish employees
Authors: Carlsson Sofia , Andersson Tomas , Talbäck Mats , Feychting Maria
Published: September 2019

Aims/hypothesis

The workplace is a potentially important arena for prevention of type 2 diabetes and the first step is to identify occupations where the disease is common and/or risk is high. Therefore, our aim was to analyse incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes across all occupational groups in Sweden.

Methods

This nationwide study included all Swedish citizens born between 1937 and 1979 and gainfully employed between 2001 and 2013 (N = 4,550,892), and followed for a diagnosis of diabetes from 2006 to 2015 (n = 201,717) through national registers. Prevalence in 2013 (mean age 51 years; range 35–67) and age-standardised incidence (per 1000 person-years) were analysed across the 30 most common occupations among men and women. Information on BMI, physical fitness and smoking was obtained through the National Conscription (mean age 18) and Medical Birth Registers (mean age 29).

Results

Prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 5.2% in men and 3.2% in women; in men it was highest among motor vehicle drivers (8.8%) and in women it was highest among manufacturing workers (6.4%). Incidence varied dramatically across occupational groups. In men, it was highest among manufacturing workers (9.41) and professional drivers (9.32) and lowest among university teachers (3.44). In women, incidence was highest in manufacturing workers (7.20) and cleaners (6.18) and lowest in physiotherapists (2.20). We found major differences in the prevalence of being overweight and smoking and in the level of physical fitness across these occupational groups even at young ages.

Conclusions/interpretation

Professional drivers, manufacturing workers and cleaners have a threefold increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared with university teachers and physiotherapists. These differences most likely reflect dramatic differences in the prevalence of lifestyle risk factors. If workplace interventions could reduce weight and increase physical activity among employees in these occupations, major health gains may be made.
The influence of pole lengths on O2-cost, kinematics, and performance in double poling at high speeds before and after a training period with long poles
Authors: Losnegard Thomas , Tosterud Ola Kristoffer , Trøen Erik , Carlsen Camilla Høivik , Paulsen Gøran , Rud Bjarne
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Previous studies have found an acute performance improvement with longer pole lengths in double poling (DP) at low-to-moderate speeds. We investigated the influence of pole lengths (PL) on O2-cost, 3D kinematics, and performance in DP at moderate-to-high speeds before (Pre) and after (Post) eight training sessions with long poles on a rollerski treadmill.

Methods

Seven male and four female skiers completed tests with two different PLs (84 and 90% of body height). Submaximal O2-cost (1º; 4.5 [females] or 6 m s−1 [males]) and a peak velocity test (1º; ∼  7.3 m s−1) were assessed before and after a six week training period. The training sessions consisted of 50 min of low-moderate intensity training and 4 × 10 s maximal sprints with PL90%.

Results

On average for all tests, PL84% induced 1.0 ± 1.0% higher peak velocity compared to PL90% (mean ± CI) with no difference in vertical displacement of center of mass (COMz). From Pre to Post, peak velocity and cycle time were increased and the displacement of COMz were reduced similarly for both PLs. At moderate speed, PL90% induced less displacement of COMz with subsequent 1.1 ± 0.7% lower O2-cost compared to PL84%. From Pre to Post, the O2-cost and COMz were reduced similarly for both PLs.

Conclusions

Longer PL than skiers self-selected lengths reduce O2-cost at moderate speeds, but induced lower peak velocity. Eight sessions of training with PL90% did not influence the difference between PL84% and PL90% on O2-cost, kinematics or peak velocity.
Anti-wear properties evaluation of frictional sliding interfaces in automobile engines lubricated by copper/graphene nanolubricants
Authors: Ali Mohamed Kamal Ahmed , Hou Xianjun , Abdelkareem Mohamed A. A.
Published: September 2019

Owing to the significance of improving fuel economy, reducing emissions, and extending the durability of engine components, this study focused on the tribological performance of nano-additives. In this study, copper (Cu) and graphene (Gr) nanomaterials were dispersed in a fully formulated engine oil (5W-30) with different concentrations. The tribological trials were investigated under various speeds and loads, utilizing a reciprocating tribometer to mimic the ring/liner interfaces in the engine. The frictional surface morphologies were comprehensively analyzed using electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and three dimensional (3D) surface profilometry to explore the mechanisms responsible for improving the tribological performance of the frictional sliding parts in the engine. The tribological test results illustrated that lubrication by nano-additives reduced the wear rate (WR) and friction coefficient (COF) by 25%–30% and 26.5%–32.6%, respectively, as compared with 5W-30. The results showed that this is a promising approach for increasing the durability and lifespan of frictional sliding components and fuel economy in automobile engines.
Five new morphological types of virgulate and microcotylous xiphidiocercariae based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses
Authors: Shchenkov S.V. , Denisova S.A. , Kremnev G.A. , Dobrovolskij A.A.
Published: September 2019

The phylogenetic position of most xiphidiocercariae from subgroups Cercariae virgulae and Cercariae microcotylae remains unknown or unclear, even at the family level. In this paper, we studied the morphology and molecular phylogeny of 15 microcotylous and virgulate cercariae (11 new and four previously described ones). Based on morphological and molecular data, we suggested five distinct morphological types of xiphidiocercariae, which are a practical alternative to Cercariae virgulae and Cercariae microcotylae subgroups. Four of these types correspond to actual digenean taxa (Microphallidae, Lecithodendriidae, Pleurogenidae and Prosthogonimidae), while the fifth is represented by Cercaria nigrospora Wergun, 1957, which we classified on the basis of molecular data for the first time. We reassessed the relative importance of morphological characters used for the classification of virgulate and microcotylous cercariae, and discussed the main evolutionary trends within xiphidiocercariae. Now stylet cercariae can be reliably placed into several sub-taxa of Microphalloidea on the basis of their morphological features.
Recent Developments in Chinese Publishing
Authors: Wu Eugene
Published: September 2019

This note discusses the current state of publishing in the People's
Republic of China and the acquisition of Chinese-language materials by
American libraries, with special reference to the factors which are likely
to influence the future flow of materials from China. The subject is one
about which no one can be very certain in his assessment, given the rather
uncertain state of Chinese publishing during the last few years.
Nevertheless, some speculations are possible on the basis of Peking's
official announcements, a sampling of recent publications from China, and
the way in which such publications have been made available to the West.
What the future will hold, I believe, depends on two main factors. One, the
extent to which publishing activities return to a pre-Cultural Revolution
level, and second, the Chinese Government's policy with regard to library
exchanges, the export of printed materials and to the purchase and export of
such materials by visitors to China.
SECULAR STAGNATION, R&D, PUBLIC INVESTMENT, AND MONETARY POLICY: A GLOBAL-MODEL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Cova Pietro , Notarpietro Alessandro , Pagano Patrizio , Pisani Massimiliano
Published: September 2019

We evaluate the global macroeconomic effects of cross-country-coordinated fiscal and monetary policies to counterbalance secular stagnation by simulating a five-region New Keynesian model of the world economy, calibrated to the United States (US), the euro area, Japan, China, and the rest of the world. The model includes investment in research and development (R&D) as a key factor affecting global growth. Our main findings are as follows. First, unfavorable technology developments may have played a nontrivial role in the global growth slowdown. Second, secular stagnation can be more effectively counterbalanced by coordinating global fiscal and monetary measures encouraging R&D accumulation. Third, these coordinated measures provide a larger welfare gain relative to a unilateral fiscal expansion.
Adolescent food insecurity: the special case of Marshallese youth in north-west Arkansas, USA
Authors: Willis Don E , Fitzpatrick Kevin M
Published: September 2019

Objective:

Food insecurity is not randomly dispersed throughout the population; rather, there are a number of risk and protective factors shaping both the prevalence and severity of food insecurity across households and sociodemographic populations. The present study examines some of these factors and the role that race and ethnicity among adolescent individuals in north-west Arkansas might play, paying specific attention to a subgroup of Pacific Islanders: the Marshallese.

Design:

The study uses cross-sectional survey data collected from a self-administered questionnaire of 10th–12th grade students.

Setting:

A city in north-west Arkansas, USA.

Participants:

The number of enrolled students in the selected high school at the time of the survey was 2148. Ten classrooms (116 students) were unable to participate at the time of the survey, making 2032 students eligible to be surveyed. Approximately 22% refused to participate and 105 students were absent from school, yielding a response rate of approximately 78% (n 1493).

Results:

Marshallese students had a higher prevalence of food insecurity than all other racial and ethnic groups in the study. After controlling for other sociodemographic, risk and protective factors, their odds of food insecurity remained significantly higher than both non-Hispanic White and Hispanic or Latinx students.

Conclusions:

Adolescent food insecurity among Marshallese students must be made sense of in relation to structural-level determinants that shape the distribution of vital resources such as food across racial, ethnic and foreign-born lines.
Therapeutic effect of dichloroacetate against atherosclerosis via hepatic FGF21 induction mediated by acute AMPK activation
Authors: Min Byong-Keol , Oh Chang Joo , Park Sungmi , Lee Ji-Min , Go Younghoon , Park Bo-Yoon , Kang Hyeon-Ji , Kim Dong Wook , Kim Jeong-Eun , Yoo Eun Kyung , Kim Hui Eon , Kim Mi-Jin , Jeon Yong Hyun , Kim Yong-Hoon , Lee Chul-Ho , Jeon Jae-Han , Lee In-Kyu
Published: September 2019

Dyslipidemia-induced atherosclerosis, which has a risk of high morbidity and mortality, can be alleviated by metabolic activation associated with mitochondrial function. The effect of dichloroacetate (DCA), a general pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) inhibitor, on in vivo energy expenditure in ApoE−/− mice fed a western diet (WD) has not yet been investigated. WD-fed ApoE−/− mice developed atherosclerotic plaques and hyperlipidemia along with obesity, which were significantly ameliorated by DCA administration. Increased oxygen consumption was associated with heat production in the DCA-treated group, with no change in food intake or physical activity compared with those of the control. These processes were correlated with the increased gene expression of Dio2 and Ucp-1, which represents brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation, in both WD-induced atherosclerosis and high-fat-induced obesity models. In addition, we found that DCA stimulated hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (Fgf21) mRNA expression, which might be important for lowering lipid levels and insulin sensitization via BAT activation, in a dose- and time-dependent manner associated with serum FGF21 levels. Interestingly, Fgf21 mRNA expression was mediated in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner within several minutes after DCA treatment independent of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Taken together, the results suggest that enhanced glucose oxidation by DCA protects against atherosclerosis by inducing hepatic FGF21 expression and BAT activation, resulting in augmented energy expenditure for heat generation.
ZNF281 is recruited on DNA breaks to facilitate DNA repair by non-homologous end joining
Authors: Nicolai Sara , Mahen Robert , Raschellà Giuseppe , Marini Alberto , Pieraccioli Marco , Malewicz Michal , Venkitaraman Ashok R. , Melino Gerry
Published: September 2019

Efficient repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is of critical importance for cell survival. Although non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is the most used DSBs repair pathway in the cells, how NHEJ factors are sequentially recruited to damaged chromatin remains unclear. Here, we identify a novel role for the zinc-finger protein ZNF281 in participating in the ordered recruitment of the NHEJ repair factor XRCC4 at damage sites. ZNF281 is recruited to DNA lesions within seconds after DNA damage through a mechanism dependent on its DNA binding domain and, at least in part, on poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) activity. ZNF281 binds XRCC4 through its zinc-finger domain and facilitates its recruitment to damaged sites. Consequently, depletion of ZNF281 impairs the efficiency of the NHEJ repair pathway and decreases cell viability upon DNA damage. Survival analyses from datasets of commonly occurring human cancers show that higher levels of ZNF281 correlate with poor prognosis of patients treated with DNA-damaging therapies. Thus, our results define a late ZNF281-dependent regulatory step of NHEJ complex assembly at DNA lesions and suggest additional possibilities for cancer patients’ stratification and for the development of personalised therapeutic strategies.