bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic characters of two rare zoarcids, Krusensterniella multispinosa and K. pavlovskii (Pisces: Zoarcidae), with new data for the Sea of Okhotsk
Authors: Chernova N.V.
Published: October 2020

Diagnostic characters and taxonomic descriptions of two rare zoarcid fishes, Krusensterniella multispinosa Soldatov, 1922 and K. pavlovskii Andriashev, 1955 (family Zoarcidae), have been updated using the type and additional specimens. The type locality of K. multispinosa is located in the northwestern part of the Sea of Okhotsk (55°57ʹN, 138°13ʹE, depth 87 m). The lectotype (ZIN No 19961) was designated by P.Yu. Schmidt (1950). The morphological variability of the species is described, diagnosis is expanded. Additional differences from the species of related genus Gymnelopsis are specified. The distribution of K. multispinosa is limited to the Sea of Okhotsk and depths of 78–160 m. Krusensterniella pavlovskii was known by three type specimens from the Cape Africa, eastern Kamchatka (holotype ZIN No 33748, paratypes ZIN No 56576). Additional specimen derives from the north-eastern part of the Sea of Okhotsk (58°50ʹN, 157°02ʹE), which extends the known range of the species. The description of K. pavlovskii was updated, the diagnosis supplemented. Krusensterniella multispinosa and K. pavlovskii (subgenus Schantarella Andriashev, 1938) differ from other congeners in a larger number of pungent spines in the middle section of the dorsal fin D (XV–XXVI vs. I-XI). The both have 100–112 vertebrae, 95–110 dorsal-fin rays, and 81–94 anal-fin rays. In Krusensterniella pavlovskii unlike K. multispinosa, there are XXIII–XXVI pungent spines D (vs. XV–XX), 71–74 spiny rays in the anterior and middle parts of the dorsal fin (vs. 60–69), and 7 preoperculomandibular pores (vs. 6); the middle section of D with pungent spines is 83-112% of the length of the posterior section of D (43–72% in K. multispinosa) and 26–31% of the tail length, measured from the anal-fin origin to the caudal-fi n en d (vs. 17–22%); the scale cover reaching forward to the pectoral fins (in K. multispinosa not reaching the anal-fin origin.
A new species of wolf spiders of the genus Lycosa (Aranei: Lycosidae) from Iran
Authors: Nadolny A.A. , Zamani A.
Published: October 2020

A large burrowing wolf spider, Lycosa macrophthalma sp. nov., is described from the holotype female from central Iran. The new species can be easily distinguished from all congeners by the presence of anterior epigynal hoods and a protrusion between their edges and the septum. Lycosa macrophthalma sp. nov., L. aragogi Nadolny et Zamani, 2017, L. piochardi Simon, 1876, L. praegrandis C.L. Koch, 1836, and L. tarantula (Linnaeus, 1758) have a similar conformation of the endogyne and represent diagnostic characters of the genus Lycosa Latreille, 1804 sensu stricto.
Military (Non-)Policing in the Occupied Territories
Authors: Gazit Nir
Published: September 2020

Since 1967, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) have been engaged in various military missions in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, including occasional high-intensity fighting and counter-insurgency, as well as civilian duties, such as administration and policing. While existing literature emphasizes the organizational and professional burden this combination of duties places on the military, the actual forces that shape soldiers’ policing practices in the field remain largely unexamined. The present article offers a micro-sociological examination of the patterns of military policing implemented by Israeli soldiers in the West Bank. It explores the social and political forces that shape soldiers’ ‘logics of action’ and demonstrates the reciprocal relations between the IDF’s disparate modes of policing of Jewish settlers and Palestinians. Three clusters of factors shape these interrelations: the relationships between soldiers and settlers, the blurring between ‘security’ and ‘civilian’ missions, and situational variables. The research for this article was conducted between 2004 and 2018.
From Jewish Sentiments to Rational Exhortations
Authors: Galnoor Netta
Published: September 2020

What exhortations were given to Israeli soldiers when sent to a possible sacrifice of their lives in war? This article introduces the genre of ‘battle missives’ written by Israel Defense Force (IDF) commanders as a prism to investigate this question. Battle missives are short texts sent to soldiers on the eve of battle to mobilize them to fight and to justify the risk to their lives. I employ narrative and hermeneutic methods to analyze an original database of 289 missives written between 1948 and 2014, which reveal the changing motivations and justifications preceding combat. My findings indicate a move from ‘Jewish sentimental’ exhortations that prevailed from 1948 until 1973 toward ‘rational’ exhortations between 1982 and 2014. This study locates battle missives as key to understanding the social norms and values relating to sacrifice in war, and the ways in which military commanders adjusted the language of sacrifice to reflect major transformations in both Israeli society and the IDF.
Frailty predicts worse outcomes after intracranial meningioma surgery irrespective of existing prognostic factors
Authors: Theriault Brianna C. , Pazniokas Julia , Adkoli Anusha S. , Cho Edward K. , Rao Naina , Schmidt Meic , Cole Chad , Gandhi Chirag , Couldwell William T. , Al-Mufti Fawaz , Bowers Christian A.
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE

Frailty has been recognized as a predictor of adverse surgical outcomes across multiple surgical disciplines, but until now the relationship between frailty and intracranial meningioma surgery has not been studied. The goal of the present study was to determine the relationship between increasing frailty (determined using the modified Frailty Index [mFI]) and intracranial meningioma resection outcomes (including hospital length of stay [LOS], discharge location, and reoperation and readmission rates).

METHODS

This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent intracranial meningioma resection between August 2012 and May 2018. Seventy-six patients met the inclusion criteria.

RESULTS

Frailty was associated with increased hospital LOS (p = 0.0218), increased reoperation rate (p = 0.029), and discharge to a higher level of care: an inpatient rehabilitation facility or a skilled nursing facility (p = 0.0002). After multivariable analysis, frailty was determined to be an independent risk factor for increased LOS, worse discharge disposition, and subsequent readmission.

CONCLUSIONS

Frailty is an independent risk factor for worse outcomes following intracranial meningioma resection, including increased LOS, reoperations, and worse discharge disposition. Frailty may help stratify preoperative surgical risk, and thus may provide important clinical information to help neurosurgeons and elderly patients weigh the risks and benefits of resection.
Incorporating genomic signatures into surgical and medical decision-making for elderly glioblastoma patients
Authors: Ene Chibawanye I. , Cimino Patrick J. , Fine Howard A. , Holland Eric C.
Published: October 2020

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of malignant primary brain tumor in adults. It is a uniformly fatal disease (median overall survival 16 months) even with aggressive resection and an adjuvant temozolomide-based chemoradiation regimen. Age remains an independent risk factor for a poor prognosis. Several factors contribute to the dismal outcomes in the elderly population with GBM, including poor baseline health status, differences in underlying genomic alterations, and variability in the surgical and medical management of this subpopulation. The latter arises from a lack of adequate representation of elderly patients in clinical trials, resulting in limited data on the response of this subpopulation to standard treatment. Results from retrospective and some prospective studies have indicated that resection of only contrast-enhancing lesions and administration of hypofractionated radiotherapy in combination with temozolomide are effective strategies for optimizing survival while maintaining baseline quality of life in elderly GBM patients; however, survival remains dismal relative to that in a younger cohort. Here, the authors present historical context for the current strategies used for the multimodal management (surgical and medical) of elderly patients with GBM. Furthermore, they provide insights into elderly GBM patient–specific genomic signatures such as isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) wildtype status, telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (TERTp) mutations, and somatic copy number alterations including CDK4/MDM2 coamplification, which are becoming better understood and could be utilized in a clinical trial design and patient stratification to guide the development of more effective adjuvant therapies specifically for elderly GBM patients.
Modified dorsal root entry zone lesioning for pain relief in cervical root avulsion injury
Authors: Takai Keisuke , Taniguchi Makoto
Published: October 2020

Neuropathic pain in the upper extremity due to cervical root avulsion injury is refractory to medical treatments. Superficial layers in the posterior horn of spinal gray matter, including the substantia gelatinosa, are the main target of dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) lesioning, which has been the most effective surgical treatment for the relief of intractable pain; however, residual pain and a decrease in pain relief during the long-term follow-up period have been reported. Based on pain topography in the most recent basic studies, the conventional DREZ lesioning procedure was modified to improve clinical outcomes.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/PyaAGmAE7Og
Dorsal root entry zone lesion: nuances of the technique and long-term results
Authors: Ferraresi Stefano , Basso Elisabetta , Maistrello Lorenzo , Scerrati Alba , Di Pasquale Piero
Published: October 2020

The treatment of deafferentation pain is a primary goal of a referral center for peripheral nerve surgery. DREZ is an important asset in the neurosurgeon’s armamentarium. The surgical technique and long-term results are analyzed in two series, with or without intraoperative monitoring (IOM). DREZotomy is highly effective in lumbar root avulsive injuries but is ineffective in resolving pain due to spinal cord injuries. Cervical DREZotomy for cancer pain is not superior to intrathecal morphine. In brachial plexus avulsive injuries, the largest series shows a 74% success rate, but the efficacy of the procedure is lost over time. No relevant difference has been observed since the introduction of IOM.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/uG_kkQj5m1U
Efektifitas Media Dadu Putar Untuk Kesiapan Membaca Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Kurnia Rita
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk kesiapan membaca anak dengan menggunakan media dadu putar. Penelitian menggunakan metode ekperimen dengan desain one group pre-test post-test design. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 15 orang anak usia dini. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah observasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji t-test dengan menggunakan program SPSS 16. Berdasarkan analisis data sebelum diberikan perlakuan lima  indikator pada kategori belum berkembang (BB), mulai berkembang (MB), untuk mengetahui lebih dalam tentang kesiapan membaca dan upaya efektif untuk meningkatkan perkembangan sesuai harapan (BSH) dan berkembangan sangat baik (BSB), terdapat pengaruh media dadu terhadap kesiapan membaca anak usia 3-4 tahun Di Pekanbaru Riau Indonesia yang signifikan yaitu sebesar 50,87%.
Pola Asuh dan Komunikasi Orang Tua Terhadap Perkembangan Bahasa Anak
Authors: Noor baiti
Published: October 2020

Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan bahasa anak antara lain pola asuh dan komunikasi orang tua terutama ibu yang membimbing, mengasuh, melatih dan memberikan contoh bahasa kepada anaknya Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hubungan pola asuh orang tua dan komunikasi orang tua terhadap kemampuan bahasa anak di Taman Kanak-Kanak Anjir Muara Distrik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi sebanyak 300 anak dan sampel 173 orang dengan menggunakan teknik proporsional random sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner dan observasi. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan Path Analysis. Hasil penelitian: (1) terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan komunikasi orang tua dengan signifikansi 0,00; (2) terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan kemampuan bahasa anak dengan signifikansi 0,00; (3) terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara komunikasi orang tua dengan kemampuan bahasa anak dengan signifikansi 0,00; (4) Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pola asuh dan komunikasi orang tua terhadap kemampuan bahasa anak usia dini dengan signifikansi 0,00.
Algorithms for Channel Resource Allocation in а Heterogeneous New-Generation Radio Access Network
Authors: Polevich S. , Simonina O.
Published: October 2020

The article proposes algorithms for allocating channel resources in a heterogeneous radio access network that simultaneously uses the frequency resources of a 5G network and an unlicensed wireless access network. It is shown that the use of a balancer in such network will make it possible to level the problem of the mutual wireless technologies influence, in particular, interference. To implement the algorithms, it is proposed to use the capabilities of the cloud server architecture.
ANALISIS KESESUAIAN PENGELOLAAN DANA DESA DENGAN PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN (STUDI KASUS DI NAGARI BUKIT BUAL KABUPATEN SIJUNJUNG)
Authors: Noverman Yudianto
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini menganalisis kesesuaian pengelolaan Dana Desa dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengaturnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Nagari Bukit Bual Kecamatan Koto VII Kabupaten Sijunjung. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat imlementasi kebijakan pengelolaan Dana Desa. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi kebijakan pengelolaan Dana Desa yaitu kesesuaian pengelolaanya dengan peraturan perundang-undangan dan bagaimana mengatasi permasalahan pengelolaan Dana Desa agar lebih optimal. Hasil penelitian dari penelitian ini adalah implementasi pengelolaan Dana Desa di Nagari Bukit Bual tidak berhasil dimana pengelolaan Dana Desa belum sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengaturnya. Ketidakberhasilan implementasi pengelolaan Dana Desa disebabkan oleh faktor komunikasi yang masih kurang baik dan faktor sumber daya manusia aparatur desa yang masih kurang baik. Untuk penggunaan Dana Desa telah sesuai dengan prioritas penggunaan Dana Desa yang tercantum dalam Peraturan Menteri Desa, Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal dan Transmigrasi tetapi masih kurang kegiatan pemberdayaan seperti pelatihan bagi masyarakat yang dilakukan sehingga membuat kurang tercapainya tujuan Dana Desa yaitu untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat, kualitas hidup dan penanggulangan kemiskinan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan ketidakberhasilan implementasi Dana Desa dilakukan dengan meningkatkan sumber daya manusia aparatur nagari dan pemerintah nagari agar lebih aktif melakukan konsultasi kepada Pemerintah kabupaten agar kedepannya tidak lagi terjadi keterlambatan-keterlambatan dalam penyusunan Rencana Kerja Pemerintah Nagari dan Anggaran Pendapataan dan Belanja Nagari sehingga pelaksanaan kegiatan menjadi lebih optimal
Situierte Lehr-Lernarrangements zur Förderung von Nachhaltigkeitskompetenzen in der betrieblichen Ausbildung von Lebensmittelberufen
Authors: Vieback Linda , Brämer Stefan , Hagendorf Tom , Folkens Lukas , Herzog Michael A. , Bünning Frank
Published: October 2020

Der Modellversuch „Nachhaltigkeit in den Lebensmittelberufen (NachLeben)“ entwickelt und erprobt situierte betriebliche Lehr-Lernarrangements zur Förderung der Bewertungs-, Gestaltungs- und Systemkompetenz für Ausbildungsberufe in der Lebensmittelindustrie und im Lebensmittelhandwerk. Ein Beispiel ist das Lehr-Lernarrangement „Kunststoffe im Produktionsprozess“, welches den Fokus des Artikels bildet.
A Hybrid Heuristic Optimization Approach for Green Flatcar Transportation Scheduling in Shipbuilding
Authors: Chen Yini , Jiang Zuhua , Li Baihe
Published: September 2020

To increase efficiency and decrease energy in fierce competition, higher standard of transportation scheduling mode for shipbuilding is necessary and urgent. By analyzing the “one-vehicle and one-cargo” transportation scheduling problem in shipbuilding, this paper proposes a bi-objective mathematical model and design a Multi-Objective Tabu Search algorithm(MOTS) to minimize total carbon emission and transportation time cost. Further, to improve the computation performance of the solution method, we combined NSGA-âĚą and MOTS to design a hybrid heuristic algorithm. Computational experiments compare three optimizing approaches and reveal that MOTS and NSGAâĚą-MOTS have certain advantages in terms of solution effect and convergence speed in large-scale instances. The case shows the proposed optimization approach can reduce carbon emissions by 61.22% for daily transportation.
Will Enterprise Ownership Affect the Performance of Foreign Direct Investment? Based on the Perspective of Institutional Logic
Authors: Cui Shijuan , Li Meijie , Li Lingyu
Published: September 2020

In recent years, Chinese enterprises have been developing rapidly with the encouragement of the “Belt and Road” initiative, setting off a new wave of direct investments in foreign. On the stage of global trade competition, one of the biggest differences in companies between Chinese and Western lies in the forms of enterprise ownership. Does enterprise ownership have an impact on the performance of direct investment in foreign? This study takes the inter-provincial panel data of 571 listed companies in China from 2014 to 2017 as a sample. Based on the practices and characteristics of Chinese enterprises’ direct investment in foreign, we use a institutional logic perspective to explore the impact of enterprise ownership on performance of the investment. The study found that non-state-owned enterprises perform better in the investment; state-owned enterprises have more resource-seeking Chinese enterprises’ foreign direct investment (OFDI), while non-state-owned enterprises tend to choose market-seeking OFDI; market-seeking OFDI has better performance than resource-seeking and technology OFDI performs better. The research proves that the corporate ownership has an impact on the performance of the investment. The conclusions of this paper are helpful to adjust national policies as well as provide a reference for Chinese enterprises in decision marking from institutional perspective.
Cultivation of agricultural crops using direct seeding technology in the extremely arid zone of the Stavropol Territory
Authors: Dridiger Viktor , Gadzhiumarov R.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Of the 245.7 thousand hectares cultivated in the Stavropol Territory using direct sowing technology, 66.5 % are in the arid zone, while this technology is not used in the extremely arid zone. The purpose of the work is to establish the possibility and effectiveness of cultivating crops without tillage in the extremely arid zone of the Stavropol Territory. Methods. In field trials conducted under the production conditions of Oktyab’rskiy CJSC of the Levokumskiy District, the objects of research were spring crops (peas, oil flax, sunflower), which were cultivated using direct sowing technology. After their harvesting, the soil was not cultivated and winter wheat was sown. As a control in direct sowing technology, there was pure chemical steam in which no soil was cultivated and weeds were controlled by the chemical method. The second control was pure early steam, in which weeds were combated by cultivating the soil according to the technology recommended by scientific institutions in the region Results. It was found that in abnormally dry conditions during the experiments, precipitation in winter and during the growing season provides an economically significant yield of spring crops with a profitability of production of peas 27.8 %, oilseed flax 37.9 and sunflower 47.8 %. The yield of winter wheat for these predecessors was 23.4, respectively; 19.5 and 21.5 c/ha; for pure and chemical steam, 28.0 and 28.5 c/ha were obtained. In total, over 2 years, the most cost-effective was sowing winter wheat after sunflower, where the highest profitability of production was achieved – 61.4 %, in the crop rotation link, where peas and oilseed flax were the predecessors of winter wheat, it amounted to 58.2 and 49.6 %. The lowest profitability of winter wheat cultivation in pure and chemical pairs is 47.7 and 48.4 %.
Effect of valproic acid and zebularine on SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 gene expression in colon carcinoma SW48 cell line
Authors: Sanaei M. , Kavoosi F. , Behjoo H.
Published: September 2020

Summary. Background: Two epigenetic modifications such as histone acetylation and DNA methylation have been known as critical players of gene regulation. Hypermethylation and deacetylation of suppressors of cytokine signaling family SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 have been shown in many solid cancers. Previously, we evaluated the effect of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and valproic acid on hepatocellular carcinoma and colon cancer cells. Aim: The present study was designed to assess the effect of valproic acid in comparison to zebularine on SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 gene expression, cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in colon carcinoma SW48 cell line. Materials and Methods: SW48 cells were treated with valproic acid or zebularine for 24 h and 48 h. The effect of the compounds on cell viability, SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 gene expression, and apoptosis induction was evaluated. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis and flow cytometry were applied. Results: Both agents inhibited cell growth in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. The apoptotic effect was observed in cells treated with valproic acid (7.5 μM) but not zebularine (75 μM). The valproic acid but not zebularine upregulated SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 gene expression. Conclusion: Epigenetic modulation can reactivate silenced tumor suppressor genes SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 through histone acetylation resulting in apoptosis induction.
Common Hazards to consider during Manufacturing of Feeds for Horses
Authors: Scheffler Jason M , Langford Taylor , Wickens Carissa , Warren Lori K.
Published: October 2020

The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) was signed into law in January of 2011.  This law requires complying facilities that process, pack, or hold animal feed to develop and implement a risked-based preventive controls food safety plan. This 5-page fact sheet assists personnel at facilities working with feed for horses conduct a thorough hazard analysis, a core component of the food safety plan. Written by Jason M. Scheffler, Taylor N. Langford, Carissa Wickens, and Lori Warren, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Animal Sciences, June 2018. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/an344
How Ornamental Fish Get Their Color
Authors: Chapman Frank A. , Miles Richard D.
Published: October 2020

Color in fish is mostly genetically determined, but they are unable to produce red, orange, yellow, green, and some blue colors themselves. They get these colors from their food. Fish raised in aquariums or recirculating water systems without pigment supplementation in their diet will fade and lose their vibrant hues. Even in ponds, dietary pigment supplementation can make fishes brighter and more variably colored, just like their wild counterparts. This 6-page fact sheet written by F. A. Chapman and R. D. Miles and published by the UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, addresses how ornamental fish get their colors and provides a list of ingredient sources for diets that can be used to enhance and intensify fish colors.http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fa192
Seed Piece Spacing Adjustment for Florida Chipping Potato
Authors: Krupek Fernanda Souza , Sargent Steven A. , Dittmar Peter J. , Zotarelli Lincoln
Published: October 2020

Seed spacing directly affects crop revenue because the number of potato seeds planted determines the final plant population density. The analysis presented in this 5-page publication was extracted from a series of field trials that looked at improved potato plant arrangement in the field by adjusting seed piece spacing for Florida growing conditions. Written by Fernanda Souza Krupek, Steven A. Sargent, Peter J. Dittmar, and Lincoln Zotarelli and published by the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department, May 2018.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1317
Quantitative analysis of fresh tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) for trace of pesticide residues from markets in Peshawar, Pakistan, using High Performance Thin Liquid Chromatography technique
Authors: Shah Syeda Kokab , Israr Syeda Faryal , Khatak Asif Khan , Kazmi Abeer , Ali Amir , Mohammad Sher , Irfan Muhammad
Published: October 2020

Background: Vegetables and fruits are vital constituents of human diet, as it provides necessary minerals and nutrients to human body to carry out biological reactions and provide protection against various diseases and injuries. Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) is consider as cash crop in Asian countries and are fine source of vitamin C, potassium, folate, vitamin K, and other bioactive compounds including, phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, and alkaloids. Similar to other crops, tomato quality and yield is also affected by pests. Globally, approximately 37.8% of tomato yield is spoiled due to pests. To maintain the vegetable quality and attain more yield, pest management approaches are applied, though extensive use of toxic pesticides are becoming a part of our food chain and causing adverse effects.

Methodology: The present research is intended to evaluate the levels of toxic pesticides in different tomato varieties collected from four vegetable markets (Hayatabad Phase 1, Chargano Chowk, Kohat Road and Tarnab farm) in Peshawar, Pakistan. After collection of tomato samples, level of pesticide residues (Cyhalothrin, Cypermethrin, Chlorpyrifos, Bifenthrin, and Imidacloprid) were detected using high performance thin liquid Chromatography (HPTLC).

Results: After detection, level of pesticides in sample was compared with Maximum residue levels (MRLs). The magnitude of pesticides in samples was lesser to the Maximum residue levels (MRLs) provided by United State Drug Agency (USDA), though the quantity of Lambda Cyhalothrin present in the sample was almost equal to MRL (0.097 mg/kg).

Conclusion: HPTLC is an efficient approach to detect pesticide traces in fruits and vegetables. Research work should be focused on it, to identify and control farmer practices which are highly linked to pesticide contamination in tomatoes and use of biopesticides should be encouraged. The cultivation of transgenic tomatoes can also be an efficient approach to elude the utilization of toxic pesticides.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY AMONG POTATO (Solanum tuberasum) FARMERS IN BOKKOS LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Folorunso Solomon , Bayo D.
Published: October 2020

This study compared Total Factor Productivity among potato farmers in Bokkos Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria.  A multistage sampling technique was employed to select 96 male and 64 female respondents. Data was collected from primary source through the distribution of structured questionnaire and oral interview schedule. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, net farm income and total factor productivity (TFP) models. The findings revealed that the mean age of male and female household heads was 40 and 38 years respectively, the mean household size was 5 persons for male and 4 persons for female headed households, 82.3% and 73.5 of male and female respondents were married. The mean farming experience of male and female farmers was 19 and 15years, 62% and 66% of male and female respondents did not belong to any cooperative. Potato production was profitable with NFI per hectare of male and female respondents being N473,307.65 and N294,324.45 respectively. The BCR was 3.15 and 5.16 for male and female respondents. Profitability Index was 0.68 and 0.81 respectively for male and female farmers. The result of probit regression revealed that the coefficients of gender, household size, farming experience and amount of credit were significant. The study recommend that: implicit sensitization of the community leaders on the active role of women in agricultural development, Policy makers at all level of government should ensure discriminatory laws or customs against women are abolished, both male and female farmers should utilize more of their household members in
Characteristics and Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria in Endangered Chinese Herb Glehnia littoralis Based on Illumina Sequencing
Authors: HUO XIAOWEI , WANG YUE , ZHANG DAWEI , GAO TING , LIU MENGMENG
Published: September 2020

Glehnia littoralis is an endangered medicinal plant growing in the coastal ecological environment and plays an important role in coastal ecosystems. The endophytes in the plant have a significant role in promoting plant growth and enhancing plant stress resistance. However, the endophytic bacterial structure associated with halophyte G. littoralis is still not revealed. In this project, the construction and diversity of endophytic bacterial consortium associated with different tissues of G. littoralis were illustrated with high throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA. The results resolved that the diversity and richness of endophytic bacteria were significantly higher in root than in leaf and stem. The operational taxonomic units (OTU) analysis demonstrated that the Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were dominant in all the samples at the phylum level, and Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Rhizobium were the dominant genera. Our results unraveled that the bacterial communities differed among different tissues of G. littoralis. Endophytic bacterial communities in leaf and stem shared more similarity than that in the root. Furthermore, the difference of bacteria community and structure among different tissues were also detected by principal coordinate analysis. Taken altogether, we can conclude that the bacterial communities of different tissues are unique, which could facilitate understanding the diversity of endophytic bacteria in G. littoralis.
Determination of the presence and antibiotic resistance of listeria species and aerobic mesophilic bacteria count of cow milks
Authors: BABACAN Orkun
Published: October 2020

Listeria species lead to mastitis infection in cows. The aerobic mesophilic bacteria count (total bacteria count) is one of the most important factors affecting udder health and determining the milk quality. The aim of this study was to determine the aerobic mesophilic bacteria count, one of the most important factors affecting cow's milk quality, and presence and the antibiotic resistance profiles of Listeria spp., one of the factors causing mastitis in cows. As a result of isolation and identification for Listeria spp., totally 3 L. monocytogenes (n: 68, 4.41%), 7 L. innocua (n: 68, 10.29%) and 3 L. ivanovii (n: 68, 4.41%) were isolated from cow milk samples. According to results of the disc diffusion method performed to determine antibiotic susceptibility, it was found that L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, and L. ivanovii isolates were susceptive against sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim, meropenem, vancomycin, streptomycin, oxacillin and erythromycin. The aerobic mesophilic bacteria in the cow milk samples were detected 1.1x107 cfu/ml as the highest and 2.3x102 cfu/ml as the lowest. The average aerobic mesophilic bacteria count of milk samples was calculated 256623.971 cfu/ml. The total bacteria (aerobic mesophilic bacteria) count (cfu/ml) of milk samples in the study was found to be high based on the criteria stated in the national and international standards. Also, Listeria species were isolated from these samples. Since intermediate and resistant Listeria species were determined against the antibiotics used as a treatment option in these isolates, it is thought that Listeria species should also be considered in mastitis infections in terms of etiology and treatment. It is considered that a national mastitis control program is needed for preventing the mastitis infections and antibiotic resistance development causing economic losses in dairy cattle enterprises in order to provide milking hygiene completely.
Food Safety and Environmental Awareness of Street Food Vendors of the Dhaka University Campus, Bangladesh
Authors: Farhana Zeba , Sutradhar Nibedita , Mustafa Tonima , Naser M Niamul
Published: September 2020

Many street vendors earn their livelihoods by selling foods and drinks at the campus of University of Dhaka. Their continuous presence and activities make them one of the key stakeholders of the campus. Both the vendors and customers dispose garbage indiscriminately in the vicinity, which makes the campus dirty, unclean and unhygienic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental awareness and food safety practices among the food vendors with a view to recommend measures to uplift the campus environment. A mixed method was adopted for the study, in which 44 street vendors and 54 consumers were selected purposively from the campus. The results show that the vendors are not aware of food safety issues. The study recommends several measures, such as, designating vending places, registering all street food vendors, improving monitoring system and implementing non-formal environmental education programs for the vendors on food safety and environmental awareness.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 48(1): 181-188, 2020
Medical waste management practices in a selected secondary healthcare facility
Authors: Sarker Mohammad Ferdous Rahman , Debnath Rupa , Rahman AFM Shahidur , Howlader Liton Bhushan , Sarker Zakia Jalal , Rahman Md Shafiur
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Living things and human activities produce huge waste every day. Globally medical waste is the second most hazardous waste after radiation waste. In this context, this study was a modest endeavor to examine the current situation of ‘Jamalpur 250 Bed General Hospital’s’ medical waste management practice.

Methods : This cross sectional study was conducted among doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians and sanitary staffs at ‘Jamalpur 250 Bed General Hospital’. 185 healthcare personnel were purposively interviewed (face to face) to assess previous and existing knowledge and practices of medical waste management. Informed written consent was taken from the study subjects before taking interview. Data was collected by a pretested semi-structured questionnaire.

Results : In our current study, out of 185 respondents, 10.0% were doctors and 43.0% were nurses. Five among six color coding segregation system, below 50.0% of the respondent answered correctly. Only 23.8% respondents revealed that the waste handler use PPE properly. 90.8% respondents were mentioned about the lack of storage place for medical waste at hospital premise. 55.7% respondents didn’t know about the in house disinfection process, 56.8% respondents didn’t know about the municipal vehicle support and 52.4% didn’t know about the availability of waste management equipment. Poor knowledge with favorable attitude and risky medical waste management practice of this hospital’s healthcare personnel were detected.

Conclusion : This study were indicated that the majority of healthcare personnel did not apply the recommended medical waste management practice set by WHO. Moreover, the current medical waste management practice in selected district hospital was not managed properly and could pose a risk for human health and the environment.

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(4): 160-165
MANEVİ DEĞERLERİN KAZANIMINDA SOSYAL VE KÜLTÜREL FAALİYETLERİN ETKİSİ ÖLÇEĞİ: GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: KOÇ Ahmet , BUDAK Yusuf
Published: September 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ilkokul, ortaokul ve lise öğrencilerinin değerler eğitimi kapsamında yaptıkları sosyal ve kültürel faaliyetlerin manevi değerler kazanımlarına etkisini belirlemek için bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Değerler eğitimi kapsamında gezi, yarışma, izcilik, kitap okuma, seminer, konferans, kamp vb. pek çok faaliyet yürütülmektedir. Sosyal ve kültürel faaliyetlerin, hedef değerlerin kazanımında ne ölçüde etkili olduğunu belirlemek önem arz etmektedir. 2020 yılında İstanbul’da gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmaya toplam 755 öğrenci katılmıştır. Ölçeğin KMO değeri 0,947; Barlett testine göre kay kare değeri anlamlıdır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) sonucu ölçeğin 18 madde ve üç faktörden oluştuğu, toplam varyansın %66,6’sını açıkladığı belirlenmiştir. Dürüstlük ve sorumluluk, sabır ve saygı, yardımseverlik isimleri verilen faktörlerin yük değerlerinin 0,55-0,82 arasında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) aşamasında, X2=2,64 ve RMSEA=0,078 olduğu görülmüştür. Diğer uyum indeksleri olan NFI=0,97, NNFI=0,98, CFI=0,98, RFI=0,96, RMR=0,060, SRMR=0,046 ve IFI=0,98 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu değerler, ölçeğin yapı uyumunun iyi düzeyde olduğunu göstermektedir. Cronbach’s Alpha katsayısı ölçeğin tümü için 0,949, faktörler için sırasıyla 0,929, 0,865 ve 0,842 olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Ölçeğin yüksek düzeyde güvenirliğe ve maddelerin iç tutarlılığa sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna göre ölçeğin, sosyal ve kültürel faaliyetlerin, manevi değerlerin kazanılmasına yaptığı etkiyi ölçmek amacıyla uygulanabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu söylenebilir.
Serum Concentrations and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue mRNA Expression of Omentin in Morbid Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: the Effect of Very-Low-Calorie Diet, Physical Activity and Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: URBANOVÁ M. , DOSTÁLOVÁ I. , TRACHTA P. , DRÁPALOVÁ J. , KAVÁLKOVÁ P. , HALUZÍKOVÁ D. , MATOULEK M. , LACINOVÁ Z. , MRÁZ M. , KASALICKÝ M. , HALUZÍK M.
Published: October 2020

Omentin is a novel adipokine with insulin-sensitizing effects expressed predominantly in visceral fat. We investigated serum omentin levels and its mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) of 11 women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 37 obese non-diabetic women (OB) and 26 healthy lean women (C) before and after various weight loss interventions: 2-week very-low-calorie diet (VLCD), 3-month regular exercise and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). At baseline, both T2DM and OB groups had decreased serum omentin concentrations compared with C group while omentin mRNA expression in SCAT did not significantly differ among the groups. Neither VLCD nor exercise significantly affected serum omentin concentrations and its mRNA expression in SCAT of OB or T2DM group. LSG significantly increased serum omentin levels in OB group. In contrast, omentin mRNA expression in SCAT was significantly reduced after LSG. Baseline fasting serum omentin levels in a combined group of the studied subjects (C, OB, T2DM) negatively correlated with BMI, CRP, insulin, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and leptin and were positively related to HDL-cholesterol. Reduced circulating omentin levels could play a role in the etiopathogenesis of obesity and T2DM. The increase in circulating omentin levels and the decrease in omentin mRNA expression in SCAT of obese women after LSG might contribute to surgery-induced metabolic improvements and sustained reduction of body weight.
THE EFFECT OF CORONA VIRUS ON THE GLOBAL CLIMATE
Authors: Pudjiastuti Sri Rahayu , , Sopian , Hadi Nestiyanto
Published: October 2020

The Covid-19 pandemic has worried the international community. Countries in the world have banned their citizens from leaving their homes, to avoid transmission of the corona virus. Based on this policy, indirectly it has an effect on air pollution. The earth is clean again with an appeal to just stay at home. The corona virus has changed people's views on climate change. Although on the other hand the corona virus has had a negative impact on global economic conditions. This study aims to provide an overview and analysis of the effect of corona on the global climate. This research method uses a descriptive analysis method supported by secondary data and literature studies. Climate can affect the stability of covid-19, the corona virus can be stable at temperatures of 1oC to 10oC with a humidity of 40% to 50%. Indonesia, which is located on the equator with an average temperature of 27 to 30oC and humidity of 70% to 95%, is an area that is not ideal for the Covid-19 epidemic. However, the facts show that cases of Covid-19 have spread in Indonesia. This means that the population mobility factor has more influence on the development of Covid-19 in Indonesia. Thus it can be concluded that air temperature and humidity can be the dominant factors for the spread of the corona-19 virus. Thus the spread of the Covid-19 epidemic can be controlled by climate and weather factors, human demographics and mobility, as well as social interactions, and also determines public health interventions.
Huntington, Janowitz, or None of the Above? Conceptions of Professional Norms by Future Army Officers
Authors: Brooks Risa , Robinson Michael , Urben Heidi
Published: September 2020

Through a survey of 1,470 cadets at the U.S. Military Academy, we measure the strength of civil-military norms in the midst of their socialization to civil-military values. In addition, we use an embedded list experiment to measure true preferences to controversial questions in civil-military affairs, such as competing loyalties to democratic governance. To analyze cadet adherence to norms we first articulate a framework of various conceptions of professionalism. While cadets do not exhibit adherence to one particular framework, we find limited adherence to a purist Huntington model, and more of a conflicted reading of Huntington, as well as selectivity and superficiality in their commitment to norms, largely driven by their own partisan preferences. Lastly, we find concerning evidence that a significant number of cadets prioritize following orders over upholding democratic traditions, justifying Janowitz’s concerns that a military separate from society could breed attitudes among military personnel antithetical to democracy.
COVID-19 Effects on Livestock Production: A One Welfare Issue
Authors: Marchant-Forde Jeremy N. , Boyle Laura A.
Published: September 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights that we exist in a global community. From a single city, it spread to 188 countries across the world and infected 30 million people by September 18, 2020. Decades of modeling pandemics predicted potential consequences, but COVID-19's impact on the food supply chain, and specifically livestock production was unexpected. Clusters of cases among workers in meat processing plants evolved quickly to affect human, animal, and environmental welfare in several countries. In processing plants, the hygiene focus is on product quality and food safety. Because of their close proximity to one another, COVID-19 spread rapidly between workers and the lack of sick leave and health insurance likely resulted in workers continuing to work when infectious. In the United States (U.S.) many processing plants shut down when they identified major outbreaks, putting pressure especially on pig and poultry industries. At one point, there was a 45% reduction in pig processing capacity meaning about 250,000 pigs per day were not slaughtered. This resulted in longer transport distances to plants in operation with extra capacity, but also to crowding of animals on farm. Producers were encouraged to slow growth rates, but some had to cull animals on farm in ways that likely included suffering and caused considerable upset to owners and workers. Carcass disposal was also associated with potential biosecurity risks and detrimental effects on the environment. Hence, this is a One Welfare issue, affecting human, animal, and environmental welfare and highlighting the fragility of intensive, high-throughput livestock production systems. This model needs to be re-shaped to include the animal, human, and environmental elements across the farm to fork chain. Such a One Welfare approach will ensure that food production systems are resilient, flexible, and fair in the face of future challenges.
COVID-19 Outbreak Prediction with Machine Learning
Authors: Ardabili Sina , Mosavi Amir , Ghamisi Pedram , Ferdinand Filip , Varkonyi-Koczy Annamaria , Reuter Uwe , Rabczuk Timon , Atkinson Peter
Published: October 2020

Several outbreak prediction models for COVID-19 are being used by officials around the world to make informed decisions and enforce relevant control measures. Among the standard models for COVID-19 global pandemic prediction, simple epidemiological and statistical models have received more attention by authorities, and these models are popular in the media. Due to a high level of uncertainty and lack of essential data, standard models have shown low accuracy for long-term prediction. Although the literature includes several attempts to address this issue, the essential generalization and robustness abilities of existing models need to be improved. This paper presents a comparative analysis of machine learning and soft computing models to predict the COVID-19 outbreak as an alternative to susceptible–infected–recovered (SIR) and susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed (SEIR) models. Among a wide range of machine learning models investigated, two models showed promising results (i.e., multi-layered perceptron, MLP; and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system, ANFIS). Based on the results reported here, and due to the highly complex nature of the COVID-19 outbreak and variation in its behavior across nations, this study suggests machine learning as an effective tool to model the outbreak. This paper provides an initial benchmarking to demonstrate the potential of machine learning for future research. This paper further suggests that a genuine novelty in outbreak prediction can be realized by integrating machine learning and SEIR models.
Biohybrid Actuators for Soft Robotics: Challenges in Scaling Up
Authors: Won Phillip , Ko Seung Hwan , Majidi Carmel , W. Feinberg Adam , A. Webster-Wood Victoria
Published: September 2020

Living systems have evolved to survive in a wide range of environments and safely interact with other objects and organisms. Thus, living systems have been the source of inspiration for many researchers looking to apply their mechanics and unique characteristics in engineering robotics. Moving beyond bioinspiration, biohybrid actuators, with compliance and self-healing capabilities enabled by living cells or tissue interfaced with artificial structures, have drawn great interest as ways to address challenges in soft robotics, and in particular have seen success in small-scale robotic actuation. However, macro-scale biohybrid actuators beyond the centimeter scale currently face many practical obstacles. In this perspective, we discuss the challenges in scaling up biohybrid actuators and the path to realize large-scale biohybrid soft robotics.