bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Synergistic Effect of Recombinant Human Endostatin (YH-16) Combined with Oxaliplatin on Human Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang D-W , Li H-L , Yao Q , Yang W-L , Wang H-L , Zhai D-X , Zhou Z-H
Published: February 2013

This study was designed to investigate the effect of recombinant human endostatin (YH-16) combined with oxaliplatin (L-OHP) on the growth of orthotopicallyimplanted human colorectal carcinoma in nude mice. Tumour volumes and weights were measured after therapy. Tumour cell morphology was observed by light and electron microscopy. Apoptosis was detected using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and microvessel density (MVD) were determined by immunohisto-chemical staining. Tumour volumes in all treatment groups were significantly reduced compared with controls. YH-16 and L-OHP either alone or in combination caused tumour cell apoptosis, except in the YH-16 low-dose group. MVD was strongly inhibited in the treatment groups compared with the controls, although only YH-16 combined with L-OHP or L-OHP alone decreased VEGF expression. No obvious change in side-effects occurred. In conclusion, YH-16 combined with L-OHP inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in orthotopically-transplanted human colorectal carcinoma in nude mice without increasing side-effects.
A Comparison of Consumption and Recovery Profiles According to Anaesthetic Circuit Mode using a New Multifunctional Closed-Circuit Anaesthesia System during Desflurane Anaesthesia: A Clinical Study
Authors: Park JY , Shin HW , Jeon SK , Choi SU , Kim WY , Lee HW , Lim HJ , Yoon SM , Chang SH
Published: February 2013

This clinical study compared induction time, consumed anaesthetic dose, and haemodynamic and recovery profiles when using a new type of multifunctional anaesthesia machine (Zeus®) in semi-closed or closed circuit modes. Sixty female patients undergoing gynaecological surgery were randomly assigned to three groups and received desflurane anaesthesia through a semi-closed circuit (SCC) at fresh gas flow rates of 4 l/min (SCC 4 l/min) or 2 l/min (SCC 2 l/min), or through a closed circuit (CC). Anaesthesia was maintained at the minimum alveolar concentration for blocking the adrenergic response to painful stimulus (MACBAR) (4.6% end-tidal desflurane) during each operation. The time required to reach MACBAR was significantly shorter and the dose of desflurane was significantly smaller in the CC group compared with the other groups. There were no differences in haemodynamic and recovery profiles between the groups. It is concluded that the CC mode allowed a faster and more reliable induction, lower anaesthetic consumption and stable haemodynamic and recovery profiles.
Diagnosis of C4d+ Renal Allograft Acute Humoral Rejection by Urine Protein Fingerprint Analysis
Authors: Yang H , Mao Y , Yu J , Chen J , He Q , Shou Z , Wu J , Chen Y , Zheng S
Published: February 2013

This study aimed to develop urine protein fingerprint models for the diagnosis of acute rejection (AR) and complement split product positive (C4d+) acute humoral rejection (AHR) following renal allograft transplantation. Urine samples from 101 renal transplant recipients were analysed by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with bioinformatics. The patients comprised 36 with stable allograft function (stable group), 10 with acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and 55 with AR (20 with C4d- acute cellular rejection [ACR] and 15 with C4d+ AHR). The ATN group was differentiated from the stable group with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% (pattern 1). The stable group was differentiated from the AR group with a specificity of 86.4% and a sensitivity of 85.4% (pattern 2). The C4d- ACR subgroup was differentiated from the C4d+ AHR subgroup with a specificity and sensitivity of 95% and 80%, respectively (pattern 3). It is concluded that urine protein fingerprint analysis can provide a noninvasive tool to diagnose AR and C4d+ AHR.
Left Atriotomy versus Right Atriotomy Trans-Septal Approach for Left Atrial Myxoma
Authors: Hatemı AC , Gürsoy M , Tongut A , Kiliçkesmez K , Karaoğlu K , Küçukoğlu S , Kansiz E
Published: February 2013

The biatrial approach has been the classic means of access for left atrial myxoma resection. Increased surgical experience led cardiac surgeons to favour the uniatrial approach to reduce incisions and achieve adequate exposure. In this study, two unilateral surgical approaches were compared in 18 consecutive left atrial myxoma cases. Patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical approach: left atriotomy (group 1, n = 9) and right atriotomy trans-septal approach (group 2, n = 9). Comparison criteria included pre- and post-operative functional capacity, cardiac rhythm, left ventricular ejection fraction, pulmonary artery pressure, left atrial dimensions, cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross-clamp time, drainage over 48 h postoperatively, units of blood transfused, extubation time and length of stay in the intensive care unit and hospital. No significant between-group difference was observed in any criteria except aortic cross-clamp time, which was significantly longer in group 2 than in group 1. No recurrence of myxoma occurred in either group for the 15 patients followed up. Right atrial trans-septal incision appears to be as safe and effective as the left atriotomy approach for left atrial myxoma resection.
Guidelines for the Pharmacological Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathic Pain: Expert Panel Recommendations for the Middle East Region
Authors: Bohlega S , Alsaadi T , Amir A , Hosny H , Karawagh AM , Moulin D , Riachi N , Salti A , Shelbaya S
Published: February 2013

Neuropathic pain (NeP) has been the focus of extensive basic and clinical research over the past 20 years. This has led to an increased understanding of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and the development of new therapeutic agents, as well as a clearer definition of the role of established medications. To date there are no published treatment guidelines for NeP in the Middle East. A multidisciplinary panel of Middle East and international experts met to review critically and reach a consensus on how best to apply evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of NeP (mainly peripheral NeP) in the Middle East. The expert panel recommended pregabalin, gabapentin and secondary amine tricyclic antidepressants (nortriptyline and desipramine) as first-line treatments for peripheral NeP. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, tramadol and controlled-release opioid analgesics were recommended as second-line treatments. There is a need to increase diagnostic awareness of NeP, use validated screening questionnaires and undertake more treatment research in the Middle East region.
Nutritional Profiles in a Public Health Perspective: A Critical Review
Authors: Foltran F , Verduci E , Ghidina M , Campoy C , Jany K-D , Widhalm K , Biasucci G , Vögele C , Halpern GM , Gregori D
Published: February 2013

Nutritional profiling is defined as ‘the science of categorizing foods according to their nutritional composition’ and it is useful for food labelling and regulation of health claims. The evidence for the link between nutrients and health outcomes was reviewed. A reduced salt intake reduces blood pressure, but only a few randomized controlled trials have verified the effect of salt on overall and cardiovascular mortality. Evidence linking a reduced fat intake with cardiovascular mortality and obesity is generally non-significant. Studies that have examined the relationship between obesity and diet have produced contrasting results. A simulation exercise that demonstrated that the impact of a reduced salt and fat intake on overall mortality would be negligible in the European population was carried out. Consideration of the literature and the results of this simulation exercise suggest that the introduction of nutritional profiles in Europe would be expected to have a very limited impact on health outcomes.
Essential Role of Vitamin C and Zinc in Child Immunity and Health
Authors: Maggini S , Wenzlaff S , Hornig D
Published: February 2013

With the progressive elimination of dietary protein-energy deficits, deficiencies of micronutrients are emerging as the limiting factors in ensuring children's optimal health. Data from several countries in Asia and Latin America indicate that deficiencies of vitamin C and zinc continue to be at alarming levels. This article reviews the roles of vitamin C and zinc in supporting children's growth and development, with a particular focus on the complementary roles they play in supporting immune functions and combating infections. The contemporary relevance of vitamin C and zinc deficiency in the Asian and Latin American regions, both undergoing a rapid nutritional transition, are also discussed. Overall, there is increasing evidence that deficiency of vitamin C and zinc adversely affects the physical and mental growth of children and can impair their immune defences. Nutrition should be the main vehicle for providing these essential nutrients; however, supplementation can represent a valid support method, especially in developing regions.
The Potential for Serum p53 to Predict the Response to Chemotherapy of Patients with Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhang J , He X-H , Xie X-Y , Hu X , He C
Published: February 2013

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between serum p53, tissue p53 and tissue permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) levels in gastric cancer. Serum levels of p53 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and tissue p53 and P-gp levels were analysed by immunohistochemistry. In total, 63.0% of gastric cancer tissue samples tested positive for P-gp and 58.7% of samples tested positive for p53. Tissue P-gp immunoreactivity was significantly correlated with tissue p53 immunoreactivity, and both tissue p53 and P-gp immunoreactivity were significantly correlated to the degree of cancer cell differentiation. The percentage of gastric cancer patients with serum positive for p53 was 36.2%, which was significantly higher than the rate in non-cancerous gastric disease patients. Serum p53 was significantly correlated to tissue p53 and tissue P-gp, inferring that the presence of p53 in the serum could indicate the status of tissue p53 and P-gp. This could, therefore, be useful for screening for the most appropriate (lowest toxicity and highest effectiveness) drugs to use ahead of (neo)-adjuvant chemotherapy.
Overexpression of CDR1 and CDR2 Genes Plays an Important Role in Fluconazole Resistance in Candida albicans with G487T and T916C Mutations
Authors: Chen LM , Xu YH , Zhou CL , Zhao J , Li CY , Wang R
Published: February 2013

This study was designed to investigate potential resistance mechanisms by studying the expression of resistant genes in 14 fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans isolates, with G487T and T916C mutations in the 14α-demethylase (ERG11) gene, collected from human immunodeficiency virus uninfected patients and a fluconazole-susceptible control strain. The in vitro susceptibilities of the C. albicans isolates to fluconazole were determined using the broth microdilution method and a disc diffusion assay. Expression of Candida drug resistance (CDR)1, CDR2, ERG11, fluconazole resistance (FLU)1 and multidrug resistance (MDR)1 genes was measured using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and evaluated relative to the expression of the control gene 18SrRNA. The CDR1 and CDR2 genes were upregulated in all the fluconazole-resistant C. albicans isolates, whereas only a few isolates showed high expression of MDR1, FLU1 and ERG11 genes compared with the control strain. In conclusion, overexpression of the CDR1 and CDR2 genes may play an important role in fluconazole-resistant C. albicans with G487T and T916C mutations.
Significance of nm23 Immunoexpression in the Prognosis of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Filiz G , Adim S , Aytac B , Akar E , Vuruskan H
Published: February 2013

Non-metastatic gene 23 (nm23) is a metastasis suppressor gene that is expressed in all tissues and decreased nm23 expression may be linked to poor prognosis. By immunohistochemical staining of nm23 protein antibodies this study examined the prognostic value of nm23 protein expression in 54 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients and analysed its relationship with tumour, node, metastases (TNM) surgical stage, Fuhrman nuclear grade, lymph node involvement and survival. Of the 54 RCC cases studied, 11 (20.4%) showed positive lymph node involvement while 43 (79.6%) were lymph node negative. There was no difference in nm23 protein expression between cases with and without lymph node involvement. In addition, nm23 protein expression was not related to TNM stage, Fuhrman nuclear grade or survival. More extensive studies are required to understand the effect of nm23 protein expression on the biological behaviour of RCC.
A Unique Magnetic Resonance Imaging Feature of Glioblastoma Multiforme: The ‘Pseudopalisade’ Sign
Authors: Huang BC , Geng DY , Zee CS , Ji YM , Cheng HX , Dai YM
Published: February 2013

This study was designed to investigate the unique magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of histopathologically-proven glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with pseudopalisade necrosis and to assess its value for grading gliomas and providing a differential diagnosis. The study included 169 patients with intracranial masses who underwent surgery and had a proven histopathological diagnosis: 50 with GBM, 77 with gliomas (46 grade II and 31 grade III) and 42 with other intracranial masses (20 metastases, 14 lymphomas and eight abscesses). All patients underwent pre-operative brain MRI including post-contrast T1-weighted imaging. The presence of the ‘pseudopalisade’ sign on post-contrast T1-weighted images was compared among the different types of brain mass. The frequency of the ‘pseudopalisade’ sign in GBMs (94.00%) was significantly higher than that seen in grade II and III gliomas (11.69%) and other intracranial masses (7.14%). The ‘pseudopalisade’ sign on post-contrast T1-weighted images was useful for grading gliomas and for differentiating GBM from other brain masses.
Resistance Exercise Did Not Alter Intramuscular Adipose Tissue but Reduced Retinol-binding Protein-4 Concentration in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ku YH , Han KA , Ahn H , Kwon H , Koo BK , Kim HC , Min KW
Published: February 2013

Lipid accumulation in muscle is associated with diminished insulin sensitivity. It was hypothesized that resistance exercise decreases muscular adipose tissue and reduces the level of retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4), which is linked to adipose tissue and insulin sensitivity in diabetics. Forty-four women with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to three groups for a period of 12 weeks: control (asked to maintain a sedentary lifestyle); resistance exercise (elastic band exercise at moderate intensity five times per week); and aerobic exercise (walking for 60 min at moderate intensity five times per week). Subcutaneous (SCAT), subfascial (SFAT) and intramuscular (IMAT) adipose tissues at mid-thigh level were assessed using computed tomography, and RBP4 level and insulin sensitivity (fractional disappearance rate of insulin, kITT) were assessed before and after intervention. Changes in SCAT, SFAT, IMAT, RBP4 and kITT were similar among the three groups. Within-group analysis revealed that body mass index and waist circumference decreased significantly in both exercise groups, but RBP4 decreased significantly only with resistance exercise. Resistance exercise did not alter muscular adipose tissue or improve insulin sensitivity.
The Influence of Complete Coronary Revascularization on Long-term Outcomes in Patients with Multivessel Coronary Heart Disease Undergoing Successful Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Yang HH , Chen Y , Gao CY
Published: February 2013

The influence of complete revascularization (CR) compared with incomplete revascularization (ICR) on long-term outcomes was assessed in patients with multivessel coronary heart disease undergoing successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A retrospective analysis of the clinical data, lesion type and PCI data was carried out in 324 patients with multivessel coronary heart disease (CR group, 99 patients; ICR group, 225 patients). Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were recorded at follow-up (mean ± SD follow-up interval, 18 ± 7.1 months). There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics between the two groups at follow-up, although the CR group showed a nonsignificant tendency to a higher incidence of non-fatal myocardial infarction, cardiac death, repeated revascularization and MACE compared with the ICR group. In conclusion, the long-term prognosis for ICR was not inferior to that for CR in patients with multivessel coronary heart disease undergoing successful PCI.
Urodynamic Study of Bladder Function for Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Treated by Surgical Decompression
Authors: Cong M-L , Gong W-M , Zhang Q-G , Sun B-W , Liu S-H , Li L , Zhang L-B , Jia T-H
Published: February 2013

Lumbar spinal stenosis usually leads to different degrees of nerve damage, presenting with back and leg pain, and/or neurogenic bladder symptoms. To determine whether lumbar decompression improved urological function, bladder dysfunction was evaluated in this retrospective study of 26 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis who had undergone lumbar decompression surgery. Urodynamic study procedures were performed pre-operatively and 6 months post-operatively. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association score rating system and Oswestry Disability Index were employed for clinical evaluation. Following surgery, post-voiding residual urine, maximum cystometric capacity and maximum flow rate improved significantly. There was no statistically significant improvement in voided volume, bladder compliance, maximum detrusor pressure or upper urinary tract damage. Urodynamic study was important in the diagnosis of neurogenic bladder dysfunction, prevention of renal deterioration and assessment of post-operative effects after surgical decompression for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.
Factors Associated with Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis: Comparison of Patients Born inside and outside of the Czech Republic
Authors: Bartu V , Kopecka E , Havelkova M
Published: February 2013

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is defined as resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB) to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare a cohort of 50 patients with MDR-TB according to birthplace, resistance type, clinical outcome, length of bacteriological positivity of sputum and length of hospitalization. Thirty-three of the patients were born in the Czech Republic (group A) and 17 were immigrants to the Czech Republic (group B). Patients in group B were significantly younger (mean [range] age 33 [19 − 56] years) than those in group A (mean [range] age 48 [33 − 80] years). Primary resistance was present in 16 (48%) cases in group A and in 13 (76%) cases in group B. There were 36 (72%) cured patients, five (10%) remained on treatment and nine (18%) died; no patients failed or transferred out of the study. The mean length of bacteriological positivity of sputum samples was 5.9 months and the mean length of hospitalization was 8.2 months. Resistance to capreomycin was an important predictor of poor outcome.
Short-Term Effectiveness of Ultrasound Therapy in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Tascioglu F , Kuzgun S , Armagan O , Ogutler G
Published: February 2013

This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was designed to investigate the short-term efficacy of ultrasound therapy in 90 patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Patients were randomly assigned to three groups: group 1 received continuous ultrasound, group 2 received pulsed ultrasound, and group 3 received a ‘sham’ (placebo) ultrasound for 5 min each session. All treatments were applied once a day for 5 days a week for 2 weeks, i.e. a total treatment duration of 10 days. Compared with baseline, significant improvements were observed in the visual analogue scale pain scores and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) scores in all three groups. The reductions in pain and WOMAC scores were significantly higher in patients treated with pulsed ultrasound than in the placebo group. In conclusion, pulsed ultrasound therapy is a safe and effective treatment modality in patients with knee OA. Further research is required to investigate the long-term efficacy of pulsed ultrasound therapy in knee OA.
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Attenuates Chronic Neuroinflammation in the Brain of Amyloid Precursor Protein Transgenic Mice: An Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model
Authors: Jiang H , Liu CX , Feng JB , Wang P , Zhao CP , Xie ZH , Wang Y , Xu SL , Zheng CY , Bi JZ
Published: February 2013

Recent evidence suggests that inflammatory mechanisms contribute significantly to the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is an anti-inflammatory immunomodulator, but the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory effect is unclear. This study was designed to investigate whether G-CSF could inhibit inflammation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease through an α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) pathway. Mice transgenic for the V171I mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP) were injected subcutaneously with G-CSF 50 μg/kg per day or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; control group) for 7 days, and wild-type C57/BL6 mice were injected with PBS daily for 7 days. Mice were killed on days 7, 14 and 28 after treatment began. Levels of α7 nAChR protein were significantly increased and levels of interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) protein were significantly decreased in the brain of APP transgenic mice in response to G-CSF. Levels of α7 nAChR protein correlated negatively with NF-κB levels. It is concluded that G-CSF might attenuate inflammation by down-regulating NF-κB and up-regulating α7 nAChR in the brain of APP transgenic mice, indicating a potential new therapeutic approach to Alzheimer's disease.
Distribution of Lysosome-Associated Membrane Proteins-1 and -2, and Cathepsin D in Eosinophilic Granular Bodies: Possible Relationship to Cyst Development in Pilocytic Astrocytomas
Authors: Tung J-N , Tsao T-Y , Tai C-J , Yeh K-T , Cheng Y-W , Jiang M-C
Published: February 2013

Pilocytic astrocytomas are usually cystic; cyst formation within these tumours may result in increased intracranial pressure, due to the effect of their mass, and contribute to cerebral damage. Eosinophilic granular bodies (EGBs) are produced abundantly in pilocytic astrocytomas but their role in disease progression remains unknown. Immunohistochemistry studies showed EGBs to exhibit pronounced reactivity to antibodies against lysosome-associated membrane proteins (LAMP)-1 and LAMP-2, and the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin D. Both LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 showed peripheral rim and granular staining patterns. The EGBs were scattered widely across cysts and, where EGBs aggregated in clusters, were usually close to areas of fluid in the cysts. Most EGBs had nuclei either attached or close by, indicating that the EGBs may be derived from anucleated astrocytes. The results suggest that EGBs, together with other factors, may play a role in the development of cysts in pilocytic astrocytomas.
Influence of Thyroid Hormones and Transforming Growth Factor-β1 on Cystatin C Concentrations
Authors: Kotajima N , Yanagawa Y , Aoki T , Tsunekawa K , Morimura T , Ogiwara T , Nara M , Murakami M
Published: February 2013

Serum cystatin C concentrations are reported to increase in the hyperthyroid state. Serum concentrations of cystatin C and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were measured in patients with thyroid dysfunction, and the effects of 3,5,3′-tri-iodothyronine (T3) and TGF-β1 on cystatin C production in human hepatoblastoma (Hep G2) cells were studied. Serum concentrations of cystatin C and TGF-β1 were significantly higher in patients with Graves' disease compared with control subjects. Significantly positive correlations were observed between thyroid hormones and cystatin C, thyroid hormones and TGF-β1, and TGF-β1 and cystatin C in patients with thyroid dysfunction. Serum concentrations of cystatin C and TGF-β1 decreased after treatment for hyperthyroidism. Cystatin C mRNA levels and cystatin C secretion were increased by T3 and TGF-β1 in cultured Hep G2 cells. These results suggest that serum cystatin C concentrations increase in patients with hyperthyroidism. The mechanisms for this may involve elevation of serum TGF-β1 levels and the stimulatory effects of T3 and TGF-β1 on cystatin C production.
Establishment of a Paclitaxel Resistant Human Breast Cancer Cell Strain (MCF-7/Taxol) and Intracellular Paclitaxel Binding Protein Analysis
Authors: Zuo K-Q , Zhang X-P , Zou J , Li D , Lv Z-W
Published: February 2013

Multidrug resistance of tumours is one of the most important factors that leads to chemotherapy failure. A multidrug-resistant breast cancer cell line, MCF-7/Taxol, was established from the drug-sensitive parent cell line MCF-7. The biological properties of MCF-7/Taxol, including its drug resistance profile and profile of paclitaxel binding proteins, were analysed and compared with the parent cell line. A number of paclitaxel binding proteins were present in MCF-7 cells but absent from MCF-7/Taxol cells, namely heat shock protein 90, actinin and dermcidin precursor. The identification of differential paclitaxel binding proteins between the multidrug-resistant MCF-7/Taxol cell line and the parent drug-sensitive cell line MCF-7 provides insight into possible mechanisms involved in resistance to these chemotherapy drugs.
Relationship between the Acid-Inhibitory Effects of Two Proton Pump Inhibitors and CYP2C19 Genotype in Japanese Subjects: A Randomized Two-Way Crossover Study
Authors: Furuta K , Adachi K , Ohara S , Morita T , Tanimura T , Koshino K , Kinoshita Y
Published: February 2013

This two-way crossover study investigated possible differences between the proton pump inhibitors, omeprazole and rabeprazole, in their effect on gastric acid secretion in Japanese subjects with differing cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 19 (CYP2C19) genotypes. A total of 23 Helicobacter pylori-negative healthy volunteers received omeprazole 20 mg/day and rabeprazole 10 mg/day. Each drug treatment was given for a continuous 7-day period allocated in random order, with an interval of at least 1 week between drug treatment periods to allow for wash-out. Intragastric pH was measured on days 1 and 7. Overall median intragastric pH levels at 7 and 8 h after the first administration were significantly higher with omeprazole. There was no significant difference in intragastric pH in homozygous extensive metabolizers, whereas intragastric pH was significantly higher with omeprazole in combined data from heterozygous extensive metabolizers and poor metabolizers at 6, 7 and 8 h after the first drug administration. There were no significant differences in intragastric pH between omeprazole and rabeprazole irrespective of genotype on day 7 of administration. In conclusion, on day 1 the time to onset of the antisecretory action of 20 mg/day omeprazole was more rapid than that of 10 mg/day rabeprazole in Japanese individuals who have a higher incidence of the CYP2C19 poor metabolizer genotype, however by day 7 no difference in antisecretory effect was found, regardless of genotype.
Type I Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 4G Allele Frequency is Associated with Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Authors: Katrancioglu N , Manduz S , Ozen F , Yilmaz M Birhan , Karahan O , Ozdemir O , Berkan O
Published: February 2013

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a common disease associated with poor quality of life. Genetic polymorphisms causing coagulation abnormalities may account for some of the CVI pathogenesis. Type I plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) is responsible for fibrinolytic system regulation, and plasma levels of PAI-1 are strongly correlated with PAI-1 4G/5G gene polymorphism. The association between PAI-1 4G/5G gene polymorphism and CVI was investigated. In 34 consecutive patients with clinically overt CVI, the PAI-1 4G/4G polymorphism was detected in three cases (8.8%); the 4G/5G polymorphism was detected in 28 (82.4%). In 34 age- and sex-matched controls, the PAI-1 4G/4G polymorphism was detected in one case (2.9%) and the 4G/5G polymorphism was detected in 14 cases (41.2%). The PAI-1 4G allele was found significantly more frequently in CVI patients than in controls. The 4G allele was associated with a 3.25-fold increase in CVI risk. Thus, a relationship between CVI and the PAI-1 4G allele is apparent.
Immunohistochemical Analysis and Biological Behaviour of Gastric Glomus Tumours: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Xu XD , Lu XH , Ye GX , Hu XR
Published: February 2013

Gastric glomus tumours are rare and clinically recognized as benign. Nevertheless, some show biological behaviour similar to that of malignant lesions. During the last 40 years, we have encountered only one gastric glomus tumour. Analysis of frozen sections of this tumour suggested a mesenchymal tumour with malignant potential. Three mitoses per 50 high-power fields, with no cytological abnormalities, were observed. Tumour cells were positive for α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin and actin but negative for CD117, S-100 protein, creatine kinase, desmin, CD68, collagen type IV, CD34 and p53. The post-operative period was uneventful. During 37 months' follow-up, no recurrence or metastasis was detected and a benign course was considered likely. Literature on the immunohistochemistry and biological behaviour of gastric glomus tumours was also reviewed. Immunohistochemical studies are helpful in the differential diagnosis of gastric glomus tumours: although most are benign, malignancy cannot be excluded. Thus, long-term follow-up of the patient is necessary.
An Overview of Cyclophilins in Human Cancers
Authors: Lee J , Kim SS
Published: February 2013

Cyclophilins (Cyps) belong to a group of proteins that have peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase (PPIase) and molecular chaperone activities. Originally, Cyps were identified as the intracellular receptors for the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A. Cyps are found in all prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and have been structurally conserved throughout evolution, implying their importance in cellular function. There are seven major Cyp isoforms in humans. CypA is up-regulated in many human cancers, and there is a strong correlation between over-expression of the CYPA gene and malignant transformation in some cancers. Moreover, CypA is directly under the transcriptional control of two critical transcription factors for cancer development: p53 and hypoxia inducible factor-1α. This review discusses the general biological functions of Cyps under a variety of stress conditions, and the importance and diverse roles of over-expression of CYP genes in human cancers, with a particular emphasis on CYPA. These oncogenic properties suggest that CypA is a promising target for cancer therapy.
Delayed Treatment of Delirium Increases Mortality Rate in Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Heymann A , Radtke F , Schiemann A , Lütz A , MacGuill M , Wernecke KD , Spies C
Published: February 2013

Delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU) is a serious complication associated with a poor outcome in critically ill patients. In this prospective observational study of the effect of a delay in delirium therapy on mortality rate, 418 ICU patients were regularly assessed using the Delirium Detection Score (DDS). The departmental standard required that if delirium was diagnosed (DDS > 7), therapy should be started within 24 h. In total, 204 patients (48.8%) were delirious during their ICU stay. In 184 of the delirious patients (90.2%), therapy was started within 24 h; in 20 patients (9.8%), therapy was delayed. During their ICU stay, patients whose delirium treatment was delayed were more frequently mechanically ventilated, had more nosocomial infections (including pneumonia) and had a higher mortality rate than patients whose treatment was not delayed. Thus, it would appear that a delay in initiating delirium therapy in ICU patients was associated with increased mortality.
Computer-Assisted Decision Support for Changing Practice in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock
Authors: Tafelski S , Nachtigall I , Deja M , Tamarkin A , Trefzer T , Halle E , Wernecke KD , Spies C
Published: February 2013

Computer-assisted decision support systems (CDSS) are designed to improve infection management. The aim of this prospective, clinical pre- and post-intervention study was to investigate the influence of CDSS on infection management of severe sepsis and septic shock in intensive care units (ICUs). Data were collected for a total of 180 days during two study periods in 2006 and 2007. Of the 186 patients with severe sepsis or septic shock, 62 were stratified into a low adherence to infection management standards group (LAG) and 124 were stratified into a high adherence group (HAG). ICU mortality was significantly increased in LAG versus HAG patients (Kaplan–Meier analysis). Following CDSS implementation, adherence to standards increased significantly by 35%, paralleled with improved diagnostics, more antibiotic-free days and a shortened time until antibiotics were administered. In conclusion, adherence to infection standards is beneficial for patients with severe sepsis or septic shock and CDSS is a useful tool to aid adherence.
Local Delivery of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Increases Axonal Regeneration and the Expression of Tau Protein after Facial Nerve Injury
Authors: Wu G , Zhu L , Jin T , Chen L , Shao L , Wang Y , Liu B
Published: February 2013

This study explored the function and possible mechanism of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in the healing of injured peripheral nerves in vivo. Rabbit facial nerves were injured by clamping and then treated with recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) or phosphate-buffered saline (control) by injecting once during surgery and twice a day post-injury for 7 days. Facial nerve fragments within 5 mm of the clamping point were examined at different times post-surgery. Axon structures visualized by Bielschowsky staining were similar in experimental and control nerves 2 and 6 weeks post-injury. At 4 weeks post-injury, cross-section images of facial nerves showed that axons treated with rhBMP-2 were denser and thicker, and levels of tau protein were increased. It is concluded from these data that rhBMP-2 may affect injured facial nerve regeneration by inducing more neurons to return to embryonic patterns of tau gene expression.
Correlation between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Quadriceps Muscle Strength in Elderly Cretans
Authors: Dretakis OE , Tsatsanis C , Fyrgadis A , Drakopoulos CG , Steriopoulos K , Margioris AN
Published: February 2013

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with osteomalacic myopathy, and muscle weakness related to vitamin D deficiency has been implicated as a possible risk factor for falls in the elderly. This study investigated the possible correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration and quadriceps muscle strength in ambulatory community dwelling Cretan men ( n = 13) and women ( n = 35) aged ≥ 65 years. Quadriceps muscle strength was measured isometrically using Cybex 6000 apparatus. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly higher in men than in women (76.00 versus 49.11 nmol/l, respectively). Serum 25(OH)D values were < 50 nmol/l in 15% of men and in 60% of women. Serum 25(OH)D concentration correlated positively with quadriceps muscle strength. In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency was common in the study participants despite the high levels of sunlight in Crete. Serum 25(OH)D levels were positively correlated with muscle strength.
The Frequency of HLA Class I and II Alleles in Turkish Childhood Acute Leukaemia Patients
Authors: Ozdilli K , Oguz FS , Anak S , Kekik C , Carin M , Gedikoglu G
Published: February 2013

In this study, blood samples were taken from 200 patients with childhood acute leukaemias, including acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), and from 100 healthy volunteers (controls). The frequency of the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*04 allele was significantly higher, and the frequencies of the HLA-A23 and HLA-B7 antigens were significantly lower, in patients with ALL compared with controls. Among patients with AML, the frequency of the HLA-B49 antigen and the HLA-DRB1*15 allele were significantly higher, whereas the frequencies of the HLA-A11 and HLA-B38 antigens were significantly lower compared with controls. The frequency of the HLA-DRB1*04 allele was also significantly higher in male patients with ALL and AML, whereas the HLA-DRB1*13 allele was found significantly less frequently in male AML and female ALL patients than in controls. To date, this is the only study to evaluate the associations between HLA molecules and leukaemia in a Turkish population with acute childhood leukaemia.
Perioperative Risk Factors for Pulmonary Complications after Liver Transplantation
Authors: Lin YH , Cai ZS , Jiang Y , Lü LZ , Zhang XJ , Cai QC
Published: February 2013

Using monofactorial and multivariate logistic regression analyses, the correlation of perioperative risk factors with postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) within 1 month after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) was investigated. Data on 107 patients (median age 46.8 years, 72% male) with end-stage liver disease who received OLT were retrospectively analysed. The incidence of PPCs was 60.7%. Overall mortality was 13.1% and pulmonary causes accounted for 85.7% of deaths. Mortality was 18.5% and 4.8% for patients with and without pulmonary complications, respectively. Independent risk factors for PPCs were a preoperative model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score ≥ 25, intraoperative fluid transfusion volume > 10 l and intraoperative blood transfusion volume > 4 l. A fluid balance of ≤ −300 ml for ≥ 2 days of the first 3 days after surgery was protective. Other variables studied did not predict PPCs. It was concluded that improving the patient's preoperative medical condition, restricting intraoperative transfusion volumes and maintaining a negative fluid balance in the first 3 days after operation may decrease PPCs.
Hydrogen as a Selective Antioxidant: A Review of Clinical and Experimental Studies
Authors: Hong Y , Chen S , Zhang J-M
Published: February 2013

Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases; however, currently used antioxidants have a high toxicity that constrains administration to a narrow window of therapeutic dosage. There is a clear need for more effective and safer antioxidants. Diatomic hydrogen (H2) was proposed as a novel antioxidant that selectively reduces levels of toxic reactive-oxygen species. Recently, many studies have reported that H2 (inhaled or orally ingested, typically as approximately 0.8 mM H2-saturated water), can exert beneficial effects in diverse animal models of ischaemia–reperfusion injury, and inflammatory and neurological disease. In the clinic, oral administration of H2-saturated water is reported to improve lipid and glucose metabolism in subjects with diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance; promising results have also been obtained in reducing inflammation in haemodialysis patients and treating metabolic syndrome. These studies suggest H2 has selective antioxidant properties, and can exert antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antiallergy effects. This review summarizes recent research findings and mechanisms concerning the therapeutic potential of H2.
Use of Potassium Hydroxide, Giemsa and Calcofluor White Staining Techniques in the Microscopic Evaluation of Corneal Scrapings for Diagnosis of Fungal Keratitis
Authors: Zhang Weihong , Yang Huashan , Jiang Lili , Han Lei , Wang Liya
Published: February 2013

The aim of this study was to develop a quick and economical method for the diagnosis of fungal keratitis. Corneal scrapings were obtained from consecutive patients (n = 165) with clinically suspected fungal keratitis and were used for culture and to prepare two smears. Potassium hydroxide stain followed by calcofluor white stain was added to one smear and Giemsa stain followed by calcofluor white stain was added to the second. In comparison with the fungal culture results, the sensitivity of potassium hydroxide wet mounts was 81.0% and following the addition of calcofluor white was 96.6% in diagnosing fungal keratitis, whereas sensitivity using Giemsa stain was 39.7% and following the addition of calcofluor white was 98.3%. The Giemsa stain detected 23 cases of bacterial infection, of which six cases were mixed fungal and bacterial infections. Giemsa stain followed by calcofluor white was considered to be the better method for diagnosing fungal keratitis due to its high sensitivity combined with its ability to identify bacterial or mixed infections.
Neuromuscular Blockade by Vecuronium during Induction with 5% Sevoflurane or Propofol
Authors: Nitahara K , Sugi Y , Kusumoto G , Shono S , Shono S , Iwashita K , Higa K
Published: February 2013

This randomized trial investigated whether 5% sevoflurane potentiated neuromuscular blockade by vecuronium. General anaesthesia was induced with 5% sevoflurane in oxygen in 16 patients or with propofol in 16 patients. After loss of consciousness, vecuronium was administered to all participants at randomly assigned doses of 25, 30, 35 or 40 μg/kg. Neuromuscular blockade was assessed by use of acceleromyography to measure responses to train-of-four stimuli in the adductor pollicis and corrugator supercilii muscles. Maximum blockade was significantly more intense in the adductor pollicis among patients in the sevoflurane group than in the propofol group, whereas there was no significant between-group difference at the corrugator supercilii muscles. In both groups, maximum blockade at the corrugator supercilii was significantly less intense than that achieved at the adductor pollicis. In the dose–response analysis, the 50% and 95% effective doses were lower for sevoflurane than for propofol in both muscles, although this did not reach statistical significance. It is concluded that induction of general anaesthesia with sevoflurane might provide improved conditions for intubation and reduce airway problems.
Effect of Chinese Herbal Therapy on Breast Cancer Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines
Authors: Maimon Y , Karaush V , Yaal-Hahoshen N , Ben-Yosef R , Ron I , Vexler A , Lev-Ari S
Published: February 2013

Despite the widespread use of medicinal herbs to prevent and treat many diseases, including cancer, there are insufficient scientific data on the safety and efficacy of the majority of herbal therapies. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a unique Chinese herbal therapy (CHT) from controlled manufactured concentrated powders, on an in vitro model of breast cancer. Three breast adenocarcinoma cell lines (MDA-231, MDA-453, T47D) were exposed to CHT for 72 h. Cell viability was assessed by XTT (sodium 3′-[1-(phenylaminocarbonyl)-3, 4-tetra zolium]-bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro) benzene sulphonic acid hydrate) assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle stage were determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. CHT decreased cell survival in a dose-dependent manner in all tested cell lines. FACS analysis of treated and non-treated T47D cells demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of CHT was associated with an increase in apoptosis. A randomized clinical trial is currently underway to investigate CHT as supplementary therapy for breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
Modified Natural Cycle for In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer in Normal Ovarion Responders
Authors: Lou HY , Huang XY
Published: February 2013

Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) using a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue plus gonadotrophins is used widely in in vitro fertilization (IVF), but there can be significant complications. Sixty women with a normal ovarian response participated in a comparison of COH (triptorelin [GnRH agonist] 0.1 mg/day SC from day 21 of the menstrual cycle [before the IVF cycle] and recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 150 − 300 IU/day from day 2 of the IVF cycle, when triptorelin was reduced to 0.05 mg/day) with a modified natural cycle (MNC) treatment (human menopausal gonado trophin [HMG] 150 IU/day IM if serum oestradiol was ≤ 50 pg/ml on day 2 or 3 of the menstrual cycle). The groups did not differ significantly in implantation rate (21.1% and 22.6%, respectively) and clinical pregnancy rate (30.0% and 30.0%, respectively). When comparing successful pregnancies, MNC patients had significantly lower values than COH patients for total amount of gonadotrophin (HMG and recombinant FSH) used, number of oocytes retrieved and medication cost. It is concluded that MNC seems to be a feasible treatment option, with low medication cost, relatively low risk of complications and, possibly, greater patient acceptability.
Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain among Patients with Chronic Low-Back Pain in the Arabian Gulf Region Assessed Using the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs Pain Scale
Authors: El Sissi W , Arnaout A , Chaarani MW , Fouad M , El Assuity W , Zalzala M , Dershaby YEL , Youseif E
Published: February 2013

This prospective, multicentre, epidemiological study was designed to assess the prevalence of neuropathic pain among adults with chronic low-back pain (LBP) in the Arabian Gulf region. A total of 1134 patients recruited from the outpatient medical setting were assessed using the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) Pain Scale. A LANSS Pain Scale score ≥ 12 was used to differentiate between patients with a neuropathic contribution to their pain and those with nociceptive pain only. Using this criterion, 628 patients (55%) were classified as having neuropathic pain. Factors associated with neuropathic pain included advanced age, female gender and diabetes with or without hypertension. It was concluded that neuropathic pain is a major contributor to chronic LBP in the Gulf region, and that the LANSS Pain Scale is a practical and rapidly administered screening test for distinguishing the relative contributions of neuropathic and nociceptive pain in patients with chronic LBP that resulted in the use of a more appropriate treatment.
Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Bronchial Thermoplasty in Patients with Moderate-To-Severe Persistent Asthma
Authors: Wu Q , Xing Y , Zhou X , Wang D
Published: February 2013

This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of a novel intervention for asthma, bronchial thermoplasty (BT), in patients with moderate-to-severe persistent asthma. An electronic literature search identified three randomized controlled trials (RCT) of BT that recruited 421 patients in total. Outcomes of interest were the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) score, morning peak expiratory flow (PEF), tolerability and safety. Compared with standard medications and sham BT treatment, BT significantly improved AQLQ scores and PEF from baseline to the end of the trials. There were more respiratory adverse events and hospitalizations for adverse respiratory events with BT than with medications or sham treatment during the treatment period, but most events resolved, on average, within a week. This effect of BT treatment was not seen during the post-treatment period. Additional long-term RCT are required to confirm whether BT provides benefit to patients with moderate-to-severe persistent asthma.