bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and multidrug resistance profile of blood stream infections in COVID-19 patients admitted in Intensive care unit of tertiary care hospital western India.
Authors: Pathak Ketaki , Pathak Niranjan , Ghogale Shital , Jadhav Savita
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Bacterial coinfections, especially blood stream infections (BSIs) are common complications of many viral infections that lead to significant causes of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. We aimed to determine the pervasiveness, comorbidity and associated risk factors, clinical significance and occurrence of etiological agents of secondary BSIs in Covid-19 and its antimicrobial susceptibility for empirical antimicrobial therapy for positive clinical outcome.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in tertiary care hospital in Western India. Adult hospitalized patients with BSIs were admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) during Covid-19 wave from April 2020 to December 2021. COVID‐19 was defined in the presence of a positive real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for SARS‐CoV‐2 on at least one respiratory specimen (nasopharyngeal swab, sputum and/or lower respiratory tract specimens). Covid-19 were confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were included in the study. CLABSI (central line-associated bloodstream infection), defined according to the NHSN (National Healthcare Safety Network) 2020 criteria.
Results: Of the 1152 patients admitted to the COVID-19 in ICU; 193 (16.7%) were developed BSIs of which 7 (3.6%) were had candidemia and 186(96.3%) were had bacteremia. A substantial majority of patients had acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 81(41.9%) while chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was in 46 (23.8%) patients. 147 (76.1%) BSIs were by gram negative pathogen wherein 46 (23.8%) were by gram positive pathogen. The most frequent isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae (52/147, 35.3%) Acinetobacter baumannii(29/147,19.7%) and E. coli (18/147, 12.2%). Of the total pathogens causing BSI; 128 (66.32%) were multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were (19/46,41.3%) while Enterococcus faecalis were (12/46, 26%).
Conclusions: We found significant prevalence of MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumanii in BSIs of COVID-19 patients admitted in ICUs with multiple comorbid conditions. To conclude, In COVID-19 patients admitted in ICU and co-infected with MDR BSIs pointed damaging impact on disease management.
Clinical characteristics and molecular genetic analysis of ten cases of ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency in southeastern China
Authors: Yuan Gaopin , Liu Zhiyong , Chen zhixu , Zhang Xiaohong , Zhang Weifeng , Chen Dongmei
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the clinical and molecular genetic characteristics of ten children with ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency (OTCD) in southeastern China, as well as the correlation between the genotype and phenotype of OTCD.MethodsThe clinical manifestations, laboratory testing, and genetic test findings of ten children with OTCD admitted between August 2015 and October 2021 were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsFive boys presented with early-onset symptoms, including poor appetite, drowsiness, groaning, seizures, and liver failure. Five patients (one boy and four girls) had late-onset gastrointestinal symptoms as the primary clinical manifestation, all with hepatic impairment, and four with hepatic failure. Coagulopathy occurred in eight patients. Urinary orotic acid levels were elevated in all patients except in one who received blood purification therapy. Only six patients showed decreased serum citrulline levels. Nine distinct variants of theOTCgene were identified, including two novel mutations: c.1033del(p.Y345Tfs*50) and c.167T>A(p.M56K). Despite active treatment, seven patients died, of whom five had early-onset disease. Three patients survived, and two underwent liver transplantation.ConclusionsThe clinical manifestations of OTCD lack specificity. Elevated blood ammonia is a diagnostic clue for OTCD, elevated urinary orotate is specific for its diagnosis, and genetic testing can help confirm the diagnosis. These two novel variants expand the mutational spectra ofOTC, which may contribute to a better understanding of the clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with OTCD.
Investigating the Impact of Parameters on HA and LA Gellan Gum Interaction: the ratio between the HA and LA gellan gums, calcium, pH, sucrose, and pectin.
Authors: Campos João Osvaldo , Souza Tobias , Mattos Adriano , Moraes Jaqueline , Sousa Paulo , Carciofi Bruno
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the existence and the degree of interaction between HA and LA gellan gums and their proportions in the presence of calcium, pH, sucrose, and pectin. For this purpose, different concentrations of these hydrocolloids were evaluated according to experimental design, the central composite design type, to investigate the influence on the responses regarding the uniaxial compression test. The response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to the responses of true stress (σT), true strain (εH), and Young's modulus. Possible interactions between gellan gum, sucrose, and pectin were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR). The variables gellan gum weight ratio, calcium, pH, sucrose, and pectin influenced the output responses for the compression test, and variations in the values of these variables affected the results for hardness, strain, and modulus. Formulations with lower and higher gellan gum weight ratios obtained higher mean values for hardness and Young's modulus and higher strength and firmness to compression, respectively. The FTIR-ATR results confirmed the interactions between the gellan gums, sucrose, and pectin.
Numerical simulation and experimental study of three-phase distribution characteristics of leaked light non-aqueous phase liquid from buried pipelines in soils containing groundwater and gas
Authors: Yang Jie , Jiang Wenming , Liu Yang
Published: November 2023

Leakage accidents of buried pipelines have become increasingly common due to the prolonged service of some pipelines which have been in use for more than 150 years. Therefore, there is an urgent need for accurate prediction of pollution scope to aid in the development of emergency remediation strategies. This study investigated the distribution of a light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) in soils containing gas and water through numerical simulations and laboratory experiments. Firstly, a three-dimensional porous medium model was established using ANSYS FLUENT, and for the first time, the distribution of gas and groundwater in soil environments was simulated in the model. Subsequently, the distribution of the three phases of diesel, gas, and water in soil was studied with different leakage velocities and it was found that the leakage velocity played a significant role in the distribution. The areas of diesel in soils at 60 minutes were 0.112 m2, 0.194 m2, 0.217 m2, and 0.252 m2, with corresponding volumes of 0.028 m3, 0.070 m3, 0.086 m3, and 0.106 m3, respectively, for leakage velocities of 1.3 m/s, 3.4 m/s, 4.6 m/s, and 4.9 m/s. Calculation formulas for distribution areas and volumes were also developed to aid in future prevention and control strategies under different leakage velocities. The study also compared the distribution areas and volumes of diesel in soils with and without groundwater, and it was found that distribution scopes were larger in soils containing groundwater due to capillary force. In order to validate the accuracy of the numerical simulation, laboratory experiments were conducted to study the diffusion of oil, gas, and water under different leakage velocities. The results showed good agreement between the experiments and the simulations. The research findings are of great significance for preventing soil pollution and provide a theoretical basis for developing scientifically sound soil remediation strategies.
Algorithm for Correlation Diagnosis in Multivariate Process Quality Based on Optimal Typical Correlated Component Pairs Group
Authors: Niu Qing , Cheng Shujie , Qiu Zeyang
Published: November 2023

Correlation diagnosis in multivariate process quality management is an important and challenging issue. In this paper, a new approach based on the optimal typical correlated component pairs group (OTCCPG) is proposed. Firstly, theorem of correlation decomposition is proved to decompose the correlation of all the quality components as serial correlations of component pairs, and then according to the transitivity of correlations of component pairs, the decomposition result is represented by a correlation set of typical correlated component pairs. Finally, algorithm of OTCCPG based on the maximum correlation spanning tree (MCST) is proposed, and T2 control charts to monitor the correlations of component pairs in OTCCPG are established to form the correlation diagnosis system. Theoretical analysis and practice prove that the proposed method could reduce the space complexity of the diagnosis system greatly.
A Survey of Nurses' Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nurses towards patients with dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery: A Prospective Multicentre Study
Authors: Yu Chen , Chunmei Luo , Caiping Song
Published: November 2023

Objective
To investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nurses towards patients with dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery and provide recommendations for management and intervention.
Method
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 894 orthopaedic nurses from 36 tertiary hospitals in Chongqing using a questionnaire. The questionnaire included general information and knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours related to the management of dysphagia after anterior cervical surgery.
Results
The total score of the questionnaire on dysphagia among orthopaedic nurses after anterior cervical spine surgery was 30 points, and the survey score was 16.1 ± 3.640 points. The total score of the attitude questionnaire was 40 points, and the survey score was 32.5 ± 4.623 points. The total score of the nursing behaviour questionnaire was 60 points, and the survey score was 43.6 ± 11.513 points. There was a statistically significant difference in the scores of dysphagia knowledge among orthopaedic nurses with different educational backgrounds and regarding whether they participated in training and whether they actively sought knowledge related to swallowing disorders (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the knowledge, belief, and behaviour scores of neurological nurses and swallowing disorders after stroke (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Targeted knowledge and skills training should be carried out to improve the rules and regulations for dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery. Multidisciplinary team cooperation is needed, and dietary service processes and management standards should be improved to improve the management ability of orthopaedic nurses for dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery.
Newton-type Methods with the Proximal Gradient Step for Sparse Estimation
Authors: Shimmura Ryosuke , Suzuki Joe
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we propose new methods to efficiently solve convex optimization problems encountered in sparse estimation, which include a new quasi-Newton method that avoids computing the Hessian matrix and improves efficiency, and we prove its fast convergence. We also prove the local convergence of the Newton method under the assumption of strong convexity. Our proposed methods offer a more efficient and effective approach, particularly for \textmd{$L_1$} regularization and group regularization problems, as they involve variable selection with each update. Through numerical experiments, we demonstrate the efficiency of our methods in solving problems encountered in sparse estimation. Our contributions include theoretical guarantees and practical applications for various problems.
New perspectives in gravity-mediated supersymmetry breaking
Authors: Ducrocq Robin
Published: November 2023

New solutions in supersymmetry breaking through gravity mediation have been recently discovered. Such solutions have interesting properties regarding renormalisation and introduce new contributions in the scalar potential that may help to resolve some issues of the Standard Model. The purpose of this article is to investigate the consequences of these new structures. We construct a model related to these new solutions, the S2MSSM, and present some preliminary results on the effects of these new contributions, especially on the Standard Model’s Higgs boson mass.
Relativistic kinematics in flat and curved space-times
Authors: Moylan Patrick
Published: November 2023

Almost immediately after the seminal papers of Poincaré (1905,1906) and Einstein (1905) on special relativity, wherein Poincaré established the full covariance of the Maxwell-Lorentz equations under the scale-extended Poincaré group and Einstein explained the Lorentz transformation using his assumption that the one-way speed of light in vacuo is constant and the same for all inertial observers (Einstein’s second postulate), attempts were made to get at the Lorentz transformations from basic properties of space and time but avoiding Einstein’s second postulate. Various such approaches usually involve general consequences of the relativity principle, such as a group structure to the set of all admissible inertial transformations and also assumptions about causality and/or homogeneity of space-time combined with isotropy of space. The first such attempt is usually attributed to von Ignatowsky in 1911. It was followed shortly thereafter by a paper of Frank and Rothe published in the same year. Since then, papers have continued to be written on the subject even up to the present. We elaborate on some of the results of such papers paying special attention to a 1968 paper of Bacri and Lévy-Leblond where possible kinematical groups include the de Sitter and anti-de Sitter groups and lead to special relativity in de Sitter and anti-de Sitter spaces.
Self-directed learning and job exploration among Nepalese youth: South Asian perspective
Authors: Ghimire Binod , Kumar Dahal Rewan , Gurung Rajesh , Prasad Joshi Surendra
Published: November 2023

The study examined the Nepalese youth’s self-directed learning and job-seeking characteristics. It collected primary data from fresh graduates of Nepal’s leading universities to understand self-directed learning motivations and job search behavior. It focused on graduates enrolled in different job preparatory programs to improve their chances of securing employment in 2022. Using a five-point Likert scale, the survey covered general information, self-learning, and job-searching. The purposive sample field survey in Kathmandu Valley from July to December 2022 targeted 500 respondents and yielded 327 completed surveys for analysis. Data analysis shows a substantial correlation between self-directed learning and job-seeking among Nepalese young people (β = 0.877, CR = 18.203, p < 0.01). A substantial positive correlation was identified between self-monitoring, adaptability, and job-seeking activity (β = 0.927, p = 0.000). Likewise, this study found a substantial positive correlation between motivation and job-seeking activity (β = 0.887, p < 0.00), and goal setting and planning have a significant favorable effect on job-seeking behavior (β = 0.445, p < 0.00). Such findings contribute valuable insights into the interplay of self-learning elements and their implications for the job-seeking behavior of young individuals in the Nepalese context. The importance of promoting self-directed learning and emphasizing fundamental attributes has grown significantly as young individuals navigate the dynamic job marketplace and seek assistance in integrating into employment.
Acknowledgment The authors would like to express profound gratitude and appreciation to the University Grant Commission (UGC) Nepal for supporting this research (FRG-78/79-Mgmt 02).
SOPHISMS IN ARGUMENTATION: A LOGICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Kornyeva Kateryna , Nevelska-Gordeeva Olena
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the essence of sophisms, the analysis of the main approaches to the interpretation of the concept of «sophism», and the clarification of the logical grounds for the use of sophisms. Sophisms are considered both in the status of the manifestation of logical errors and in the status of the implementation of manipulative techniques. The question of admissibility of using sophisms in argumentation is raised, the logical basis of traditional and modern sophisms is revealed.
ETHICS THROUGH THE PRISM OF EMBODIED RATIONALITY (TO THE METHODOLOGICAL TOOLKIT OF PHENOMENOLOGY)
Authors: Dolska Olga
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of research into the heuristic possibilities of the body in modern phenomenology and epistemology, which provides an opportunity for a broader understanding of rationality, namely, to pay attention to the phenomenon of bodily rationality. The author emphasizes that bodily rationality must be evaluated as one of the components in the toolkit of modern phenomenology, and claims that the cognitive meanings of bodily rationality open up new options for seeing and describing problems in ethics.
INFLUENCE OF GLOBALIZATION PROCESSES ON THE DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF POLITICAL COMPARATIVISTICS
Authors: Kobylnyk Vasyl
Published: November 2023

The article examines the problem of the future development of comparative political science in the context of globalization processes. The growing role of comparative studies in the context of globalization in fluencies at different levels of the political system is proven. Attention is focused on the in extricable relationship with globalization changes in the political, economic and social spheres of human life and the need for their comprehensive research. The author emphasizes the need for a scientific analysis of the commensurability of global and local indicators in the functioning of states and non-state institutions.
THE PHENOMENON OF MULTIPLE IDENTITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF A PARADIGM TURN FROM INSTRUMENTAL TO COMMUNICATIVE RATIONALITY
Authors: Trynyak Maya , Rudenko Svitlana
Published: November 2023

In the conditions of the information society, personal identity acquires a multiple and situational character that with the dominance of instrumental rationality in public consciousness and insufficiently developed auto-communication practices may lead to the destabilization of global cultural and communicative process. Based on the analysis of discourses of communicative act by J. Habermas, S. Toulmin, A. Honneth, the authors of the article have justified relevance of paradigm turn from instrumental to flexible communicative rationality.
Presentation of a new decision-making plan for prioritizing the rehabilitation of sustainable groundwater resources (case study: 9 aflaj of Oman)
Authors: Mohtashami Ali , Al-Ghafri Abdullah , Al-Abri Zahra
Published: November 2023

This research for the first time, presents a plan for the rehabilitation of aflaj systems in Oman from a technical point of view. Using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in Expert Choice software. Nine famous aflaj systems in Oman were prioritized based on indicators including length, population, precipitation, discharge, quality, distance from the river network, cultivated area, and soil permeability. A snowball method for selecting participants was used, and a 28-item questionnaire was engaged to assess the relative importance of nine criteria when choosing the prior falaj. A scientific method is applied in a new case in this study to prioritize the aflaj for rehabilitation, and the method applied in this research enables to prioritize them to achieve the desired goal. The AHP method prioritizes the falaj Daris as the first ranking, based on the technical perspectives, with a relative value of 0.222. Findings show that in an equal condition, among these nine aflaj, it would be better that water decision-makers assign the budget to falaj Daris for rehabilitation aims.
Biomarker of Pulmonary Inflammatory Response in LUAD: miR-584-5p
Targets RAB23 to Suppress Inflammation Induced by LPS in A549 Cells
Authors: Yang Enyu , Hong Yinuo , Xuan Cheng , Xu Juan , Ding Qianyun , Zhao Shuo , Ye Haihan , Fan Xiaowei , Jiang Zhenggang , Zhang Siquan , Ding Xianfeng
Published: November 2023

Background:

Pulmonary inflammatory response (PIR) is one of the prognostic risk
factors of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), with a high mortality rate.

Objective:

This study aims to investigate prognostic microRNA (miRNA) to improve clinical
prognosis prediction and postoperative inflammation treatment in LUAD patients.

Methods:

About 201 differentially expressed microRNAs (DE-miRNAs) in LUAD were mined by
differential analysis. Univariate/multivariate Cox analyses established and validated prognostic risk
miRNAs in TCGA-LUAD. KEGG and GO were used to link risk signatures and biological
functions. After 48 hours of exposure to 50 ng/mL LPS, the miR-584-5p/RAB23 regulatory
network was verified in qRT-PCR, Western Blotting, and the Luciferase Reporter Assay in A549
cells.

Results:

MiR-584-5p and miR-101-3p were validated as riskscore correlated with LUAD patients’
1-year survival (p < 0.001) and participate in multiple inflammation-related pathways. RAB23, a
RAS oncogene, is involved in inflammatory MAPK signaling. Evidence suggests that miR-584-5p
regulates inflammation in LUAD by targeting RAB23. A549 cells were transfected with the mimic
and inhibitor of miR-584-5p, confirming the negative regulatory relationship between miR-584-5p
and RAB23. In the A549 induced by LPS, either over-expression of miR-584-5p or knock-down of
RAB23 expression decreased the expression of inflammatory factors and increased cell viability.

Conclusion:

Prognostic-related risk miR-584-5p can regulate the expression of RAB23 at both the
mRNA and protein levels, thereby influencing the development of a PIR in LUAD. This will have
significant implications for the clinical prognosis prediction and therapy decision-making of LUAD
patients with PIR.
Evaluation of Remodeling and Extrusion of Polyurethane Meniscal Implants
after Meniscus Reconstruction using Ultrasonography
Authors: Poboży Tomasz , Konarski Wojciech , Poboży Kamil , Domańska Julia , Konarska Klaudia
Published: November 2023

Introduction::

Meniscal tears are among the most common indications for knee arthroscopy. Artificial polyurethane scaffolds have demonstrated efficacy in
reducing pain and promoting the growth of normal meniscal tissue, with high absorption rates facilitating full tissue regeneration.

Aims::

This study aimed to evaluate the remodeling of polyurethane meniscal implants post-reconstruction using ultrasonography. This imaging technique
not only assesses changes in implant properties, such as echogenicity, but also the shape changes during functional examination.

Methods::

The assessment of meniscal extrusion, comparing size at rest and under weight-bearing, is an indirect parameter that provides insight into the
physical properties of the remodeling implant, with greater extrusion indicating reduced stiffness and inferior physical properties of the meniscus.
Ultrasonography has the valuable advantage of allowing for assessment of the blood supply to the meniscus through Power Doppler imaging.

Results::

The presence of vessels within the meniscal implants serves as evidence of ongoing remodeling. The study included 35 patients (13 female, 22
male; mean age 41.6 years, range 18-66) who underwent arthroscopic meniscal reconstruction with polyurethane implants, with an average time
from surgery of 2.8 years (range 0.3-4.5 years). Results showed complete (29.7%), significant (45.9%), or moderate (16.2%) remodeling into
natural meniscal tissue in 91.8% of the implants.

Conclusion::

The mean values of extrusion in the supine position and during 90-degree flexion were significantly greater in the operated limb (2.603) compared
to the contralateral limb (1.978; t(35) = 2.442; P < 0.05). No significant differences in extrusion were found between the limbs in a standing
position, indicating favorable physical properties of the polyurethane meniscal implants. Further ultrasonography studies of meniscal scaffolds are
deemed relevant.
Hasta Hekim İlişkisinin Hukuki Niteliği ve Hatalı Tıbbi Uygulamada Hekimin Tazminat Sorumluluğu
Authors: ASANOĞLU Ömer Faruk
Published: November 2023

Hasta ile hekim arasındaki ilişki günlük yaşantımızda sıklıkla karşılaştığımız bir ilişkidir. Çoğu zaman bu ilişkiye üçüncü bir kişi olarak hastane de katılmaktadır. Bu bakımdan hasta-hastane-hekim çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilen tıbbi müdahalelerde sorumluluk konusu önem arz etmektedir. Ortaya çıkan bu sorumluluğun hukuki dayanağını ve ortaya çıkan sorunu çözmek adına hasta-hastane-hekim üçlüsü arasındaki ilişkinin içeriğinin belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu ilişkinin mahiyeti belirlendikten sonra hekimlerin hata, ihmal ve kusurlarıyla hastaya verdikleri zarardan sorumlulukları gündeme gelecektir. Burada hekimlerin ceza hukuku kapsamında şahsi, borçlar hukuku kapsamında ise tazminat sorumluluğu bulunmaktadır.
Impact of Breeding on Free Amino Acids of Wholegrain Flour in Wheat and Role of Phenology Genes
Authors: Emebiri Livinus
Published: November 2023

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is pivotal to global food security, with its energy-rich grains that are also the major vegetable protein source in human diets. Decades of primary emphasis on grain yield improvement have delivered increased gains worldwide, but the grain protein content has declined. Since amino acids are biosynthetic precursors of proteins, this research hypothesized that their contents in the wholegrain flour have also been impacted by past wheat breeding. To test this, the free amino acid content of wholegrain flour in 92 wheat cultivars released in a 20-year period were analyzed by regression against the year of release. The slope of the regression showed positive increases per year in 16 of the 19 individual amino acid considered. Among these, the increases in lysine, aspartic acid and arginine were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The level of lysine in wholegrain flour increased by 0.30 mg kg-1 yr-1 (R2 = 0.24) over the 20-year period of breeding. Similarly, the content of methionine increased by 0.2 mg kg-1 yr-1 (P = 0.07; R2 = 0.16), but free asparagine also increased at the rate of 6.51 mg kg-1 yr-1 (P = 0.11; R2 = 0.13). The study sought further to explore the impact of selection for key developmental genes (Vrn, Ppd, and Rht) that have been targeted for artificial selection since 1840. Wheat cultivars carrying the semi-dwarfing gene, Rht-B1b, showed 15% lower content of lysine (the most limiting essential amino acid) and 25% lower content of free asparagine (precursor of the neurotoxin, acrylamide) in the wholegrain compared to the tall cultivars. At the Vrn-A1 gene, the winter-type cultivars carrying Vrn-A1v allele were 28% lower in free asparagine, and 6% lower in lysine content than their spring-type (Vrn-A1a) counterparts. In conclusion, the results indicated that, contrary to the declining trend in grain protein content, free amino acids in wheat wholegrain flour have been increased by past breeding. Selections for semi-dwarfism and vernalization response have had significant impacts on free amino acid content, implying that genetic manipulation of Rht-B1b and Vrn-A1 genes could present a pathway to reducing the acrylamide-forming precursor in wheat wholegrain flour.
Exploring the Use of YouTube as a Pathology Learning Tool and Its Relationship With Pathology Scores Among Medical Students: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alzoubi Hiba , Karasneh Reema , Irshaidat Sara , Abuelhaija Yussuf , Abuorouq Saleh , Omeish Haya , Daromar Shrouq , Makhadmeh Naheda , Alqudah Mohammad , Abuawwad Mohammad T , Taha Mohammad J J , Baniamer Ansam , Abu Serhan Hashem
Published: November 2023

Background

YouTube is considered one of the most popular sources of information among college students.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the use of YouTube as a pathology learning tool and its relationship with pathology scores among medical students at Jordanian public universities.

Methods

This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study included second-year to sixth-year medical students from 6 schools of medicine in Jordan. The questionnaire was distributed among the students using social platforms over a period of 2 months extending from August 2022 to October 2022. The questionnaire included 6 attributes. The first section collected demographic data, and the second section investigated the general use of YouTube and recorded material. The remaining 4 sections targeted the participants who used YouTube to learn pathology including using YouTube for pathology-related content.

Results

As of October 2022, 699 students were enrolled in the study. More than 60% (422/699, 60.4%) of the participants were women, and approximately 50% (354/699, 50.6%) were second-year students. The results showed that 96.5% (675/699) of medical students in Jordan were using YouTube in general and 89.1% (623/699) were using it as a source of general information. YouTube use was associated with good and very good scores among the users. In addition, 82.3% (575/699) of medical students in Jordan used YouTube as a learning tool for pathology in particular. These students achieved high scores, with 428 of 699 (61.2%) students scoring above 70%. Most participants (484/699, 69.2%) reported that lectures on YouTube were more interesting than classic teaching and the lectures could enhance the quality of learning (533/699, 76.3%). Studying via YouTube videos was associated with higher odds (odds ratio [OR] 3.86, 95% CI 1.33-11.18) and lower odds (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.09-0.8) of achieving higher scores in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system courses, respectively. Watching pathology lectures on YouTube was related to a better chance of attaining higher scores (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.08-3.57). Surprisingly, spending more time watching pathology videos on YouTube while studying for examinations corresponded with lower performance, with an OR of 0.46 (95% CI 0.26-0.82).

Conclusions

YouTube may play a role in enhancing pathology learning, and aiding in understanding, memorization, recalling information, and obtaining higher scores. Many medical students in Jordan have positive attitudes toward using YouTube as a supplementary pathology learning tool. Based on this, it is recommended that pathology instructors should explore the use of YouTube and other emerging educational tools as potential supplementary learning resources.
The Primary Prevention of Poststroke Epilepsy in Patients With Middle Cerebral Artery Infarct: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chen Yu-Shiue , Sung Pi-Shan , Lai Ming-Chi , Huang Chin-Wei
Published: November 2023

Background

Poststroke epilepsy poses a significant clinical challenge for individuals recovering from strokes, leading to a less favorable long-term outlook and increased mortality rates. Existing studies have primarily concentrated on administering antiseizure or anticonvulsant treatments only after the onset of late-onset seizures, without intervening during the epileptogenesis phase following a stroke.

Objective

This research protocol is designed to conduct a randomized controlled trial to assess whether the early, preventive introduction of low-dose antiepileptic drug therapy (levetiracetam [LEV] or perampanel [PER]) in patients who have experienced middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction can reduce the risk of developing poststroke epilepsy (primary prevention).

Methods

Participants with MCA infarction, either with or without reperfusion treatments, will be recruited and promptly receive preventive intervention within 72 hours of the stroke occurrence. These participants will be randomly assigned to receive either PER (4 mg per day), LEV (1000 mg per day), or a placebo that matches the active drugs. This treatment will continue for 12 weeks after allocation. Brain magnetic resonance imaging will be used to confirm the presence of MCA territory infarction, and an electroencephalography will be used to ensure the absence of epileptiform discharges or electrographic seizures at the time of the stroke. All participants will undergo follow-up assessments for 72 weeks after allocation.

Results

The primary outcome under evaluation will be the incidence of poststroke epilepsy in the 3 groups following the 18-month study period. Secondary outcomes will encompass the time to the occurrence of the first seizure, the severity of seizures, any treatment-related adverse events, and the modified Rankin scale score at 3 and 18 months. Exploratory outcomes will involve comparing the effectiveness and safety of PER and LEV.

Conclusions

We anticipate that the intervention groups will experience a lower incidence and reduced severity of poststroke epilepsy compared to the control group after 18 months. We aim to establish evidence supporting the potential preventive effects of LEV and PER on poststroke seizures and epilepsy in patients with MCA infarction, as well as to explore the antiepileptogenic potential of both LEV and PER in patients with major ischemic strokes.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04858841; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04858841

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/49412
Evaluating Participation in Gender-Affirming Care: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Dermatology Program Websites in the United States (Preprint)
Authors: Costanza Marco , Sobieraj Jeffrey , Wang Frank
Published: November 2023

UNSTRUCTURED
Synergistic and antagonistic medicinal activities of essential oil of Monodora myristica
Authors: Awojide Shola H. , Akinlade Boluwatife , Oyewole Kehinde Adenike , Adeyemo Abayomi G. , Adeniyi Emmanuel O. , Fadunmade Olumide E. , Anifowose Adebanjo J.
Published: November 2023

Synergetic and antagonistic medicinal activities of crude and fractionated essential oil from the seed of Monodora myristica were investigated. The crude essential oil was extracted by steam distillation and then subjected to column chromatography; three fractions (N1, N2, and N3) were obtained. To identify the components, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) investigation was utilized. The phytochemical parameters were determined by standard analytical methods. 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were used to evaluate the antioxidative capacity. and, the anti-diabetic activity was performed using α-amylase and α-glucosidase assay. The Agar diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activities. The GC-MS analysis indicated p-cymene (21.12%) as the major component of the crude essential oil. The antioxidant activity using DPPH varied from 614 to 704 µg/mL, while the ABTS activity ranged between 281-342 µg/mL. The α-amylase assay showed fraction N1 with IC50 value of 3.21 µg/mL, while for α-glucosidase assay, fraction N2 with IC50 2.15 µg/mL recorded the least value. The minimum inhibitory concentration values for the crude extract and all the fractions against the strains of bacteria ranged from 6 to 12.5 mg/mL Both crude extract and fractionated essential oil showed antioxidant, anti-diabetic and antibacterial activities.
Effects of seed soaking and foliar spraying of Kalanchoe pinnata aqueous leaf extracts against rice bacterial leaf blight
Authors: Truong Van Xa , Tran Kim Thoa , Thai Tran Anh Thu , Nguyen Dac Khoa
Published: November 2023

This study aims at evaluating the disease-reducing effects against rice bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae). Under greenhouse conditions, the activities of the four enzymes [peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)] after application of Kalanchoe pinnata aqueous leaf extracts using the combination of seed soaking and foliar spraying were studied. Overall, two extract concentrations [1 and 2% (w/v)] applied as seed soaking combined with the five extract concentrations [1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% (w/v)] applied as foliar spraying were tested. Three application methods were furthermore used for foliar spraying (7 days before pathogen inoculation (DBI), 14 DBI and their combination). Results showed the effects increased with the increase of extract concentrations and durations from application time points prior to pathogen inoculation. The combination of foliar spraying at 7 and 14 DBI provided stronger protection compared to single sprays. The effects involved induced resistance. Indeed, the activities of POX and CAT increased until 4 days after inoculation (DAI) and remained until 7 DAI, while those of PPO and PAL increased similarly then decreased until 7 DAI. Activities of these enzymes increased after pathogen inoculation and reached higher levels with extract applications.
Characterization of single nucleotide polymorphisms in chloroplast genomes of Musaceae Juss.
Authors: Mach Bao Ngoc , Do Hoang Dang Khoa
Published: November 2023

Musaceae Juss., also called the bananas and plantains family contains essential food crops with critical economic value and nutritional and medicinal properties. In this study, complete chloroplast genomes of 55 species of Musaceae, including all three genera of Musa, Musella, and Ensete, were used to characterize single nucleotide polymorphisms. Also, nucleotide diversity among surveyed species was observed. The results showed regions of high genetic variability in the chloroplast genome and genes carrying multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms specific for species and genera, such as ycf1, ycf2, ndhF, matK, accD, infA, and petL. A biased nucleotide conversion toward G, C, and T suggests a trend in the evolution of the Musaceae chloroplast genomes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between Ensete and Musella genera and confirmed the existence of two clades in the genus Musa. This study summarizes nucleotide diversity, focusing on single-nucleotide polymorphisms, which are helpful for further studies on population genetics and developing molecular markers in Musaceae.
Phytotoxicity activities and chemical composition of the seed essential oil of Monodora myristica
Authors: Awojide Shola H. , Ajayi T. Mercy , Oyewole Kehinde Adenike , Adeyemo Abayomi G. , Fadunmade Olumide E. , Adebayo E. Adeleke , Abdullahi M. Tolani
Published: November 2023

The phytotoxic effect of essential oil from African nutmeg (Monodora myristica) seeds on growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L)., maize (Zea mays), and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) was examined. Essential oil from the seeds of M. myristica was extracted by hydrodistillation. The essential oil’s composition was examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The phytotoxicity of the essential oil formulation at different concentrations for five days was evaluated on the leaves and roots. The activity was ascertained by estimating the shoots’ and the roots’ lenght. The result of GC-MS showed α–phellandrene (43.2%) as the essential oil's main constituent. The essential oil reduced the growth of the root and shoot of tomato, maize, and cowpea. At 4 mL/L treatment, the percentage inhibition of roots ranged from 63.8 to 75.4% after five days, while that of the shoot was 100% after three days. A varying toxicity was reported on the leaves of the seedlings of the plants after 24 hours. Phytotoxic was more potent on the leaves of cowpea and lowest in tomato. Phototoxic activity was also noted when essential oil was administered to the Seedling’s roots. The three species showed notable phytotoxicity when exposed to the essential oil of M. myristica.
Preparation and characterization of magnetic-lignin nanoparticles with potential applications for drug delivery
Authors: Cao Luu Ngoc Hanh , Luong Huynh Vu Thanh , Dang Huynh Giao , Ho Quoc Phong , Vo Thi Nhu Y , Dang Thi Viet Anh
Published: November 2023

This study successfully combined Fe3O4 nanoparticles (made by co-precipitation technique) and lignin (extracted from sugarcane bagasse) as magnetic-lignin nanoparticles. The factors affecting the synthesis such as ratio of Fe3O4/lignin and reaction time were investigated. Fe3O4@lignin nanoparticles were obtained at optimal conditions, including the ratio between Fe3O4 and lignin of 1:0.5 and the reaction time of 9 hours. The resulting nanoparticles were spherical and had a fairly uniform particle size distribution, with an average diameter of 53.42 ± 5.12 nm (obtained from SEM images). The thermal stability of Fe3O4/lignin nanoparticles is quite stable and lignin content in hybrid Fe3O4/lignin particles is estimated to account for about 32.82%. FTIR results show a successful combination of Fe3O4 and lignin. The magnetic saturation of Fe3O4/lignin nanoparticles was determined by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) with values of 50.8 emu.g-1, showed that the material keeps its super-paramagnetic properties, which is critical for their application in drug delivery field.
Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Pangasius fish and fish processing handlers in the Mekong Delta, Viet Nam
Authors: Phan Nguyen Trang , Takahisa Miyamoto , Tong Thi Anh Ngoc
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Pangasius fish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and the hands of fish processors in fish processing plants. The results showed that 16 of 90 Pangasius fish (18%) and 6 of 54 fish processing handlers’ samples (11%) harbored coagulase-positive for S. aureus. A high antibiotic resistance (68%) was observed for ampicillin, while 100% susceptibility for oxacillin, cefazolin, cefmetazole, flomoxef, imipenem, arbekacin, fosfomycin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim were recorded for both fish and hand samples. Remarkably, only one isolates from the fish was classified as methicillin-resistant S. aureus, whereas no isolates from the handlers were found. Among the total S. aureus isolates, the multidrug resistance rate was nearly 41%, posing a hazard to public health concerns. The obtained results may provide valuable information about the actual state of S. aureus contamination for efficient control in fish processing plants.
1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives as potent antifungal agents: Synthesis, biological evaluation and an in silico study
Authors: Nguyen Quy , Nguyen Cuong Quoc , Tran Quang De , Le Dang Quang , Bui Thi Buu Hue
Published: November 2023

Ten 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were prepared and evaluated for their anti-fungal activities. The results showed that compounds 4a, 7a, and 7f displayed activity against F. oxysporum. Molecular docking study indicated that compounds 4a, 7a, and 7f exhibited affinity towards F. oxysporum’s β-tubulin by showing low binding energies as well as interactions with the key amino acids in the binding sites of the receptor.
Research on the Reform of the “Dual-Mode Dual-Track” Talent Cultivation Model for Architecture Majors in Higher Vocational Colleges under the Background of “Quality Improvement and Excellent Cultivation”
Authors: Wang Denghong , Yin Fangfang
Published: November 2023

Under the background of “quality improvement and excellent cultivation”, the talent training mode of higher vocational colleges has aroused the attention of the society. As the key specialty of many higher vocational colleges, the construction specialty can explore a new professional and technical talent training mode through the implementation of “dual-mode dual-track” talent training mode, and promote the further development of the construction industry. By analyzing the reasons for the reform, this paper draws the reform strategy, hoping to promote the long-term development of higher vocational colleges.
One City, Many Lives: Exploring the Quintessence of Mumbai City in the Movie Dhobi Ghat
Authors: Ponnachan Ms. Keerthy Sophiya
Published: November 2023

Mumbai is a thriving metropolis that has long been known as the "City of Dreams" because it has a reputation for being a place where anyone can succeed. Dhobi Ghat released internationally as Mumbai Diaries in 2010 directed by Kiran Rao, shows an alternative aspect of the city that is not frequently depicted in mainstream cinema. The story traces the journeys of four characters as they struggle to overcome their individual obstacles while navigating the metropolis. A close-up view of Mumbai's underbelly, with all its social and economic inequalities is given via the eyes of these folks. The complex topics discussed in the film will be examined in this paper along with how they relate to the socioeconomic conditions on the outskirts of Mumbai.
Аналитическая спектроскопия объединяет. По результатам 4 й Всероссийской конференции по аналитической спектроскопии
Authors: Филиппов М.Н. , Барановский В.Б.
Published: November 2023

С 24 по 29 сентября 2024 года в Краснодарском крае на берегу Черного моря прошла
4‑я Всероссийская конференция по аналитической спектроскопии. В статье
описываются тематические направления конференции, содержание выступлений
ведущих специалистов, прослеживаются тенденции развития современных
методов аналитической спектроскопии, обсуждаются польза и перспективы
междисциплинарного сотрудничества ученых и др. В статье отмечено, что
в рамках конференции состоялась 47‑я Годичная сессия Научного совета РАН
по аналитической химии. Подведены научные итоги 2022 года, состоялось
традиционное вручение премий НСАХ РАН по аналитической химии за 2022 год.
НАМ НАДО НАУЧИТЬСЯ ПОДДЕРЖИВАТЬ ДРУГ ДРУГА
Authors: Куцько П.
Published: November 2023

28 июля текущего года Воронежскую область
с рабочим визитом посетил заместитель
Председателя Правительства Российской
Федерации – министр промышленности и торговли
Российской Федерации Денис Валентинович
Мантуров. В рамках данной поездки вице-премьер
побывал в воронежском НИИ электронной техники
(АО «НИИЭТ»). О некоторых итогах этого события,
касающихся планов развития предприятия
и в целом электронной промышленности
Воронежской области нам рассказал генеральный
директор АО «НИИЭТ» Павел Павлович Куцько.
Также руководитель института поделился
некоторыми соображениями по вопросу доверия
в отраслевом сообществе.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ В РОБОТОТЕХНИКЕ И МЕДИЦИНСКОМ ОБОРУДОВАНИИ
Authors: Аверичев Д.
Published: November 2023

Одной из важнейших вех в истории электротехники можно считать
изобретение электродвигателей, ставших неотъемлемой частью
современной жизни. И если изначально электродвигатели использовались
как самостоятельное устройство, то в последствии к ним стали добавлять
другие компоненты: редукторы, контроллеры и датчики, и такие
конструкции стали называть сервоприводами. Сегодня электродвигатели
используются повсеместно – от промышленных систем и строительства
до бытовой техники и потребительских устройств. В статье рассмотрены
особенности применения электродвигателей и сервоприводов в таких
сферах, как робототехника и медицина.