bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Profiling of Small RNAs Originated From Two Varieties of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica Rapa) With Distinct Leaf Traits
Authors: LIU XU XIN , YU XIANG , WANG HAN , HE YU KE
Published: April 2021

The species Brassica rapa includes many important vegetable crops. For a genome-wide survey of small RNAs in B. rapa, we performed massively parallel small RNA deep sequencing by using two representative varieties of non-heading Chinese cabbage (B. rapa ssp. chinensis) that are distinct in leaf shape, size, color and curvature. In total, 13.30 million small RNA reads were generated from Huaq, a variety with up-curved blades and wide petioles, and 14.69 million for Wut, a variety with down-curved blades and narrow petioles. After normalization, about half of small RNA reads in each variety were mapped to the published reference genome of B. rapa. In Huaq seedlings, unique small RNAs were much more than in Wut seedlings. Among them, 45 miRNAs were up-regulated or down-regulated in one variety, compared with those in another variety. Numbers of ta-siRNAs (trans-acting siRNAs) and ra-siRNAs (repeat-associated siRNAs) in Huaq seedlings were more than those detected in Wut seedlings, while gene-derived siRNAs (siRNAs derived from the sense and antisense strands of annotated genes regeion) in Huaq seedlings were less than in Wut seedlings. Especially, bra-miR156, bra-miR166 and bra-miR319 and one of ta-siRNAs that play important role in leaf shape, leaf size, leaf curvature and phase transition were differentially expressed between two varieties. In addition, total number of small RNAs derived from chloroplast genome of Wut was more than that of Huaq. The differentially-expressed small RNAs on genome-wide level provides the clue for the study of small-RNA-mediated morphology of leaves and is useful for developing of small RNA markers for leaf traits desirable for high yield and quality.
Household’s Agricultural Vulnerability to Climate Induced Disasters: A Case on South-west Coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Md. Ayatullah , Kabir Kazi Humayun , Hasan Kamrul , Sultana Rashmia , Imran Sardar Al , Karmokar Sanju
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to assess household’s agricultural vulnerability to climate induced disasters and to identify the indicators of adaptive capacity that determine the vulnerability of south-western coastal household’s in Bangladesh. The vulnerability was calculated by taking the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concept through an Agricultural Vulnerability Index (AVI). Then the ordered logit model was employed in order to identify key determinants of agricultural vulnerability to climate induced disasters. A survey of 346 household’s head from the two settlements (181 household’s head from Sutarkhali and 165 household’s head from Nalian) of Sutarkhali Union of Dacope Upazila under Khulna District was used in this study. Findings revealed that the mean score of Sutarkhali was 0.703 (high) in exposure, 0.724 (high) in sensitivity, 0.341 (low) in adaptive capacity and finally, the agricultural vulnerability index (AVI) was 0.695 (high). On the same fashion, Nalian was an average score of 0.697 (high) in exposure, 0.721 (high) in sensitivity, 0.386 (low) in adaptive capacity, and finally 0.677 (high) in agricultural vulnerability index (AVI). Annual savings, formal education, ownership of livestock, improved seeds supply, access to irrigation pump, improved crop diversification/ High Yielding Variety (HYV) crops, access to large farm size and access to farm credit were found to be statistically significant indicators of adaptive capacity that determine agricultural vulnerability of the both study sites. Finally it is recommended that the intervention required for coastal adaptation of agriculture should be initiated by respective authorities.
Anaerobic oxidation of petroleum hydrocarbons in enrichment cultures from sediments of the Gorevoy Utes natural oil seep under methanogenic and sulfate-reducing conditions
Authors: Pavlova Olga N. , Izosimova Oksana N. , Chernitsyna Svetlana M. , Ivanov Vyacheslav G. , Pogodaeva Tatyana V. , Khabuev Andrey V. , Gorshkov Alexander G. , Zemskaya Tamara I.
Published: April 2021

This article presents the first experimental data on the ability of microbial communities from sediments of the Gorevoy Utes natural oil seep to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons under anaerobic conditions. Like in marine ecosystems associated with oil discharge, available electron acceptors, in particular sulfate ions, affect the composition of the microbial community and the degree of hydrocarbon conversion. The cultivation of the surface sediments under sulfate-reducing conditions led to the formation of a more diverse bacterial community and greater loss of n-alkanes (28%) in comparison to methanogenic conditions (6%). Microbial communities of both surface and deep sediments are more oriented to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), to which the degree of the PAH conversion testifies (up to 46%) irrespective of the present electron acceptors. Uncultured microorganisms with the closest homologues from thermal habitats, sediments of mud volcanoes and environments contaminated with hydrocarbons mainly represented microbial communities of enrichment cultures. The members of the phyla Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, and Caldiserica (OP5), as well as the class Deltaproteobacteria and Methanomicrobia, were mostly found in enrichment cultures and belong to the “core” of microorganisms The influence of gas-saturated fluids may be responsible for the presence in the bacterial 16S rRNA gene libraries of the sequences of “rare taxa”: Planctomycetes, Ca. Atribacteria (OP9), Ca. Armatimonadetes (OP10), Ca. Latescibacteria (WS3), Ca. division (AC1), Ca. division (OP11), and Ca. Parcubacteria (OD1), which can be involved in hydrocarbon oxidation.
The Associations between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and a Range of Other Diseases：Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses
Authors: Li Liqun , Cen Qianli , Liu Lijian , Wei Jinxiu , Tan Jinjing , Li Jianfeng , Chen Yalu , Liu Yuanyuan , Chen Guangwen , Xie Sheng
Published: April 2021

Background
Multiple meta-analyses have reported inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with an increased risk of diverse diseases, but the evidence quality remains unclear.
Objectives
We aimed to summarize and evaluate this existing evidence on the associations between IBD and a range of diseases a-crossed from meta-analyses.
Methods
PubMed, the Cochrane Library Database, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI Databases, Wanfang Databases and VIP Database were searched to obtain eligible literatures from inception to November 1, 2019. We appraised the methodological quality of the included meta-analyses using AMSTAR 2 tool, and evaluated the quality of evidence for each outcome using the GRADE approach.
Results
Nineteen articles covering associations between IBD and 28 types of health outcomes were included. The methodological quality of meta-analyses was rated moderate for 5.26%, low for 21.05%, and critically low for 73.68%. Overall, summary effect estimates were significant in 26 meta-analyses. The evidence quality was rated high for 3.57%, moderate for 21.43%, low for 28.57%, and very low for 46.43%. Evidence quality was high for association between IBD and an increased periodontitis risk (OR = 4.55; 95% CI, 3.00-6.19). Evidence quality was moderate for associations between IBD and an increased thyroid cancer risk (OR = 1.75; 95% CI, 1.48–2.07), myocardial infarction incidence (RR = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05–1.21), preterm birth incidence (OR = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.67–2.05), stillbirth incidence (OR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.03–2.38), gallstone disease prevalence (OR = 1.72; 95% CI, 1.40–2.12), and vitamin D deficiency prevalence (OR = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.30–2.08).
Conclusions
Though, associations between IBD and diverse diseases have been extensively studied, few of the reported associations have robust support. Further well-designed studies are essential to determine whether IBD increases the risk of other diseases.
Study on the ultrasonic guided wave and online visual monitoring for ultrasonic precise bonding
Authors: Sun Yibo , Cao Mengruo , Zou Li , Yang Xinhua
Published: April 2021

Ultrasonic precise bonding is an emerging technology in the application of polymer micro-assembly. In the ultrasonic bonding process, the propagation of ultrasound varies with the change of the interfacial polymer physical state. So the ultrasonic guided wave is an effective parameter to in-situ monitor the fusion degree. The ultrasonic guided wave in the ultrasonic bonding process is studied by vibration analysis and online visual monitoring in this paper. The time-frequency characteristics in the ultrasonic guided wave in the bonding process are mainly analyzed by Fast Fourier Transform spectrum analysis, Wavelet Packet Decomposition, and envelope spectrum methods. The polymer interfacial fusion is monitored by the high-speed HD camera in the ultrasonic bonding process. The time-frequency characteristics in the ultrasonic guided wave and the fusion behavior of the thermal melt interface are analyzed and correlated. Results indicate that the change of the interfacial thermal melt state is related to the time-frequency characteristics of the ultrasonic guided wave. The fusion of the melting zone, the rotation of the micro-device, the generation or disappearance of local air bubbles all lead to the changing of the harmonic frequency and intensity in the ultrasonic bonding process.
Influence of Chinese National Centralized Drug Procurement on the price of policy-related drugs: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Wang Ni , Yang Ying , Xu Luxinyi , Mao Zongfu , Cui Dan
Published: April 2021

Background: The Chinese government implemented the first round of National Centralized Drug Procurement (NCDP) pilot (so-called "4+7" policy) in mainland China in 2019. Under cross-price elasticity theory, the price behavior of pharmaceutical enterprises for policy-related drugs might change. This study aims to examine the impact of "4+7" policy on the price of policy-related drugs.Methods: This study used drug purchasing order data from the Centralized Drug Procurement Survey in Shenzhen 2019, covering 24 months from January 2018 to December 2019. Eighty-two drugs (by generic name) were selected as study samples, including "4+7" policy-related drugs (consisted of winning and non-winning products) and alternative drugs. Single-group Interruption Time Series (ITS) analysis was adopted to examine the change of Drug Price Index (DPI) for policy-related drugs.Results: The ITS analysis showed that the DPI of winning (-0.183 per month, p<0.0001) and non-winning (-0.034 per month, p=0.046) products significantly decreased after the implementation of "4+7" policy. No significant difference was found for the immediate change of DPI for alternative drugs (p=0.537), while a significant decrease in change trend was detected in the post-"4+7" policy period (-0.003 per month, p=0.014). The DPI of the overall policy-related drugs significantly decreased (-0.261 per month, p<0.0001) after "4+7" policy.Conclusions: These findings indicate that the price behavior of pharmaceutical enterprises changed under NCDP policy, while the price linkage effect is still limited. It is necessary to further expand the scope of centralized purchased drugs and strengthen the monitoring of related drugs regarding price change and consumption structure.
Kooperative Gestaltungsaufgaben am Tablet
Authors: Ade Larissa , Pohlmann-Rother Sanna , Lange Sarah Désirée
Published: April 2021

Dem Einsatz digitaler Medien im Unterricht wird für kooperative Arbeitsformen ein Potenzial zur ‹Optimierung› der Lehr-Lernprozesse zugeschrieben. Aus der Perspektive der Unterrichtsforschung ist für grundschulbezogene Lehr-Lernprozesse zu klären, wie kooperatives Arbeiten mit digitalen Medien auf der Tiefenstruktur des Unterrichts durch lernprozessanregende Aufgaben sowie durch individuelle Lernunterstützung mithilfe von Kooperationsskripts unterstützt werden kann. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie kooperative Gestaltungsaufgaben am Tablet entwickelt werden können, um Schülerinnen und Schülern im Grundschulalter die kreative und reflektierte Gestaltung eines eigenen Medienbeitrags zu ermöglichen. Es wird ein iterativer, am Design-Based-Research-Ansatz angelehnter Entwicklungsprozess eines digital gestützten Unterrichtsprojekts für Kinder der dritten Klasse vorgestellt: Ausgehend von medienpädagogischen Überlegungen wurde eine Gestaltungsaufgabe am Tablet entwickelt und hinsichtlich des Grads der Lernunterstützung in zwei Varianten (V1, V2) mithilfe eines Kooperationsskripts erprobt. Die Ergebnisse der formativen Evaluation mittels halb-standardisierter Beobachtungen in fünf Grundschulklassen verweisen auf die grosse Bedeutsamkeit der Vorstrukturierung der Aufgabenstellung, die je nach Variation des Skripts eine stärkere Fokussierung der Kinder auf die sozialen Aushandlungsprozesse (V1) bzw. die inhaltliche Auseinandersetzung (V2) zeigt. Ausgehend von der Evaluation des Unterrichtsprojekts werden Chancen und Herausforderungen in Bezug auf die Merkmale der digital gestützten Gestaltungsaufgabe sowie hinsichtlich der Potenziale der Kooperationsskripts diskutiert.
Experimental study of the influence of a neogalenical phytocomplex from the shoots of Ledum palustre on the course of acute bronchitis disease in rats
Authors: Tolmachova Karyna , Kireiev Igor , Koshoviy Oleg , Grashchenkova Svetlana , Upyr Taras
Published: April 2021

The aim of the experiment was to study the anti-inflammatory effect of the novogalene agent Ledum 50, obtained from Ledum palustre shoots, in a rat model of acute bronchitis.
Materials and methods. Acute bronchitis was initiated by endotracheal administration of 1 % formalin solution. The effectiveness of Ledum 50 was investigated by the number of leukocytes and cell composition in isotonic BAL solution after 24 hours and after 8 days of the experiment. Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and CIC were determined. Histological examination of the lungs was carried out.
Results. Endotracheal injection of formalin caused irritation of the trachea and bronchi, excessive formation of bronchial secretions (heavy breathing, wheezing) in all the studied groups. The lethality of animals in the OB group on the 3rd day of the experiment (1 rat) was recorded, in the studied groups there was no death. The level of leukocytes in BAL after 24 hours exceeded the index of the IC group by 9.63 times (p<0.05), after 8 days – by 3.0 times (p<0.05). In the cellular composition of BAL, there was a significant increase in granulocytes (rod- ​​and segmented neutrophils, eosinophils), monocytes and a decrease in the lymphocyte population against the IC group. Such changes were verified in the long term (8 days of the experiment), which indicates an inflammatory process.
In the group of rats that received Ledum 50, leukocytes in the BAL significantly decreased, the number of monocytes and lymphocytes in the BAL decreased, the amount of CIC in the blood serum, CRP and AP normalized. In terms of effectiveness, Ledum 50 significantly exceeded the BAL values ​​of the reference drug. The effectiveness of experimental therapy for acute bronchitis was also verified by studying the histostructure of the airways and the respiratory part of the lungs.
Conclusions. Studies confirm the favorable course of acute bronchitis with Ledum 50 monotherapy. This fact is confirmed by the results of normalization of hematological parameters, leukocytes and BAL cell composition after 7 days of treatment with the claimed agent. This is the basis for further preclinical and clinical studies with the aim of creating an oral drug for the treatment of acute bronchitis.
Influence of form and size of a root on the storage life of kitchen beetroot
Authors: Pusik Ludmila , Pusik Vlаdimir , Bondarenko Veronika , Gaevaya Ludmila , Lyubymova Nina , Sukhova Galyna , Didukh Nataliya , Slobodianyk Galina
Published: April 2021

Kitchen beetroots have a series of high-value parameters: good taste properties, healing-prophylactic importance, ability to long-term storage. There are many sorts of kitchen beetroot, different by root form. Most widespread are ones of the round and cylindrical forms. At the same time plants of kitchen beetroot at growing form roots of different masses. The aim of the study was to investigate the storage life of kitchen beetroot depending on form and root sizes. The conducted studies give a possibility to substantiate scientifically an influence of kitchen beetroots’ form and sizes on their storage life for determining its term.

It has been established, that roots of the round form of the Kharkiv Bordo sort lost moisture more intensively at the expanse of breath and evaporation – 4.4–5.4 %. In the Vital sort with roots of the cylindrical form, mass natural losses were 4.1–5.1 %. At that more natural mass losses were in small roots with mass 150–300 g.

Small roots were more inclined to sprouting at storage. Among sprouted roots, 1.6–1.8 % were small ones with mass 150–300 g. More percent of sprouted roots was for ones with mass 500–700 g as 2.3–2.5 %. At that less percent of sprouted roots was in the Vital sort of the cylindrical form.

Small roots with mass 150–300 g were more damaged by rots at storage – 10.4–12.3 %. Among roots of middle sizes, 6.0–6.8 % were damaged by rots, among big ones – 4.5–4.7 %. It must be also noted, that cylindrical roots of the Vital sort were less damaged by rots at storage than round ones of the Kharkiv Bordo sort
Resina precalentada como agente cementante: una revisión de tema
Authors: Alvarado Santillan Guillermo Hector , Huertas Mogollón Gustavo Augusto
Published: April 2021

En los años 90s, se empezó con el uso de la resina compuesta como agente cementante, la cual tiene como ventajas: un margen con alto contenido de relleno, facilidad de limpiar excesos antes de la polimerización, potencial de rellenar cualquier defecto en la preparación mejorando el sellado marginal, etc. Uno de las controversias de esta técnica, es la elevación de la temperatura intra pulpar, la cual, sumada al proceso de polimerización podría llegar a elevarse hasta causar algún daño irreversible, sin embargo, se ha demostrado, que la resina precalentada se enfría rápidamente, gracias a los tejidos dentarios que disipan el calor y al tiempo transcurrido de llevar la resina del horno a la boca. Con el calentamiento de las resinas, se produce una reducción de su viscosidad, permitiendo una menor formación de gaps y una mejor adaptación marginal, sin afectar las propiedades mecánicas de las resinas compuestas, esto ocurre debido al aumento de la movilidad molecular, las cuales optimizan sus propiedades mecánicas luego de la polimerización. Con respecto a las propiedades adhesivas los cementos resinosos y las resinas precalentadas han sido evaluadas mediante la fijación de las restauraciones indirectas a la estructura dentaria, obteniéndose con las resinas precalentada resultados favorables con relación a la filtración, resistencia adhesiva, pero en cuanto al grosor, el cemento resinoso genera una película más fina, sin embargo logra ser posible utilizar la resina precalentada como agente cementante como una técnica segura.
Dentiseñas–Colombia, prototipo de una App para facilitar la comunicación Odontólogo– Persona con Discapacidad Auditiva
Authors: Pérez-Baquero Bibiana María , Sánchez-Alfaro Luis Alberto , Grandas-Ramírez Ángela Liliana
Published: April 2021

Introducción y objetivo: En Colombia existen barreras de acceso a la con­sulta odontológica relacionadas con el no reconocimiento de las Personas con Discapacidad Auditiva como sujetos con otra modalidad comunicativa; por tanto, se propuso diseñar el prototipo de una App en Lengua de Señas Colombiana para facilitar la comunicación entre Odontólogo y Personas con Discapacidad Auditiva en la consulta de primera vez, el consentimiento informado y la fase de prevención y promoción en salud oral. Materiales y métodos: Estudio con dos componentes: uno cualitativo, donde se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 23 participantes e identificaron las frases facilitadoras para la comunicación Odontólogo–Personas con Discapacidad Auditiva. Y otro tecnológico que propone el diseño del prototipo de la App, el cual junto a sus videos fue valorado por los participantes. Resultados: Se presenta el sustento teórico relacionado con la App para favorecer la comu­nicación asertiva entre Odontólogo y Personas con Discapacidad Auditiva a partir de 6 categorías: empatía, proceso de comunicación, herramientas de comunicación, ética del cuidado, interculturalidad y barreras de acceso. Se muestra el prototipo de la App con 20 frases en LSC y subtituladas para identificar la usabilidad de esta. Conclusión: El prototipo de la App diseñado facilita la interacción entre Odontólogo y Personas con Discapacidad Auditi­va, mejora la experiencia odontológica durante los proceso de atención e in­centiva la inclusión de las Personas con Discapacidad Auditiva en la toma de decisiones.
Rio de Janeiro e sua herança africana: Histórias contadas por Zózimo Bulbul
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Paula Alves
Published: April 2021

Filmmaker and predecessor to Black Cinema in Brazil, Zózimo Bulbul not only builds archives, captures memories and unveils a city previously hidden, but also points out its potentialities and dilemmas. This article aims to analyze the stories told by Zózimo Bulbul about Rio de Janeiro and its African heritage, from his short films produced and directed for a period of twenty-five years and before creation of the Black Cinema Meeting Brazil, Africa, Caribbean and other diasporas, Brazil’s largest black film festival: Aniceto do Império – Em Dia de Alforria? (1981, 11’), Pequena África (2002, 14’), República Tiradentes (2005, 36’), Samba no Trem (2005, 18’) e Zona Carioca do Porto (2006, 28’)
Cmentarz w miejscowym planie zagospodarowania przestrzennego
Authors: Wieczorek Anna
Published: April 2021

Artykuł omawia wybrane problemy związane z wprowadzaniem do miejscowych planów zagospodarowania przestrzennego ustaleń dotyczących cmentarzy, w szczególności postuluje aby: 1) w sposób precyzyjny określić, co należy rozumieć pod pojęciem przeznaczenie terenu; 2) zlikwidować obowiązek ustalania intensywności zabudowy; 3) wprowadzić zasadę, że określanie wysokości zabudowy i linii zabudowy ma charakter fakulta- tywny. Na przykładzie cmentarza, artykuł wskazuje na niedostatek precyzji przepisów dotyczących planowania i gospodarowania przestrzenią, wynikający m.in. z braku definicji szeregu określeń oraz różnego definiowania tych samych pojęć w poszczególnych aktach prawa. Omawia sposoby postępowania w sytuacji, kiedy ustawa o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym nakazuje wprowadzenie do miejscowego planu zagospodarowania przestrzennego ustaleń dotyczących danego zagadnienia, ale nie definiuje pojęć niezbędnych do dokonania ww. ustaleń. Ostrzega, że powyższe sposoby postępowania nie zawsze są respektowane przez organy nadzoru, co prowadzi do stwierdzania nieważności planów miejscowych. Na podstawie przykładowych dokumentów pokazuje, jak do ww. zagadnień odnoszą się osoby mające wpływ na tworzenie prawa. Sumując, artykuł: 1) uzasadnia potrzebę opracowaniem słownika pojęć stosowanych w planowaniu przestrzennym, budownictwie, geodezji, gospodarce nieruchomościami, ochronie środowiska i zabytków, księ- gach wieczystych oraz systemie podatkowym, a następnie, na podstawie takiego słownika, doko- nywanie zmian poszczególnych aktów prawa; 2) postuluje, aby organy nadzoru szanowały władztwo planistyczne gmin.
Odpowiedzialność za zobowiązania prowadzących działalność architektoniczną w formie spółek według obowiązujących przepisów
Authors: Misiak Wanda
Published: April 2021

Działalność architektoniczna podlega tym samym regułom, co inny rodzaj działalności gospodarczej. Sposób jej zorganizowania decyduje o sposobie odpowiedzialności za zobowiązania powstające w trakcie działalności. Dla działalności architektonicznej najlepszą formą jest spółka partnerska. Wykonujący tę działalność mogą prowadzić ją w innych formach, a mianowicie spółek osobowych innego rodzaju niż spółka partnerska i spółkach kapitałowych. Od formy organizacyjnej zależą zasady odpowiedzialności za zobowiązania w ramach działalności architektonicznej.
A política de formação técnico-profissional da Fundação ITESP para assentados da reforma agrária
Authors: Gonzaga Juliana Binatto Schaer , Francisco Marcos Vinicius , Alaniz Erika Porceli
Published: April 2021

A Fundação ITESP é responsável pelas políticas agrária e fundiária no estado de São Paulo. Objetivou-se identificar e analisar os pressupostos políticos, ideológicos e pedagógicos explícitos e subjacentes à formação técnico-profissional para os assentados da Fundação ITESP. Adotou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, a partir do referencial teórico-metodológico do materialismo histórico-dialético. Os documentos analisados consistiram nos convênios firmados pela Fundação ITESP para oferta de cursos profissionalizantes aos assentados, tendo como partícipes o Centro Paula Souza e os municípios de Euclides da Cunha Paulista, Mirante do Paranapanema, Teodoro Sampaio e Rosana. Constatou-se que embora os convênios abarquem formação técnico-profissional por parte do poder público a jovens beneficiários da reforma agrária, estão envoltos por uma ideologia empresarial, com o objetivo de preparar a força de trabalho para as grandes empresas do agronegócio e reproduzir o sistema de classes.
Entrevista com o físico Marcelo Gleiser
Authors: Caputo Stela Guedes
Published: April 2021

O governo do presidente brasileiro Jair Bolsonaro aprofunda cada vez mais o desprezo pelo conhecimento que já manifestava desde a campanha eleitoral. Em plena pandemia da Covid-19, enquanto o mundo aposta nas pesquisas científicas, na esperança da descoberta de vacinas (o que já aconteceu), Bolsonaro intensifica sua cruzada contra as universidades e a ciência, rejeitando dados analisados com métodos e protocolos, ignorando pesquisas e orientações médicas mundiais, ou seja, sendo negacionista. Interesses financeiros de grandes grupos econômicos, obscurantismo religioso, imensa desigualdade social, um profundo descaso pela vida e o negacionismo, já mencionado, são algumas características do bolsonarismo que faz o Brasil agonizar nesse momento. Para conversar sobre esse ataque à ciência e aos cientistas, entrevistamos o físico e astrônomo brasileiro, Marcelo Gleiser, professor titular de filosofia natural e de física e astronomia na Dartmouth College, em Hanover, Estados Unidos, vencedor do Prêmio Templeton, de 2019. Na entrevista, Gleiser fala sobre  a importância do diálogo entre fé e ciência; sobre o papel das associações de pesquisas nesse momento; sustenta que o modelo cultural científico precisa mudar e se tornar menos eurocêntrico e mais pluralista;  diz que o Brasil vive uma tragédia provocada pelo obscurantismo religioso e afirma que as novas gerações vão rir muito da nossa, em que muita gente ainda acredita que a Terra é plana.
Estado e Movimentos Sociais
Authors: Santana Jullyane , Gonçalves Marli , Cruz Rosana
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo se propõe a problematizar a relação entre o Estado e os movimentos sociais, evidenciando suas contradições, limites e possibilidades no que se refere aos processos de gestão do Programa Nacional de Educação na Reforma Agrária – Pronera – entre 1998 a 2016, por meio do estudo comparativo dos manuais de operacionalização publicados no período. O estudo, bibliográfico e documental, dialogou com autores como Poulantzas (2000) e Hofling (2001), para problematizar as contradições das políticas públicas no Estado capitalista; e Molina (2011), Medeiros (2010), Dias (2015) e Caldart (2009), para analisar a trajetória do Pronera e as contradições inerentes ao seu processo de implementação no que se refere à participação dos movimentos sociais e sindicais na sua gestão. O estudo revelou que ocorreu o afastamento dos movimentos sociais e sindicais das esferas decisórias do Estado, com a consequente restrição de sua participação nos processos de operacionalização da política.

Palavras-chave: Educação do Campo. Pronera. Movimentos sociais e sindicais do campo.
Tobacco Control Policy Simulation Models: Protocol for a Systematic Methodological Review
Authors: Huang Vincy , Head Anna , Hyseni Lirije , O'Flaherty Martin , Buchan Iain , Capewell Simon , Kypridemos Chris
Published: April 2021

Background

Tobacco control models are mathematical models predicting tobacco-related outcomes in defined populations. The policy simulation model is considered as a subcategory of tobacco control models simulating the potential outcomes of tobacco control policy options. However, we could not identify any existing tool specifically designed to assess the quality of tobacco control models.

Objective

The aims of this systematic methodology review are to: (1) identify best modeling practices, (2) highlight common pitfalls, and (3) develop recommendations to assess the quality of tobacco control policy simulation models. Crucially, these recommendations can empower model users to assess the quality of current and future modeling studies, potentially leading to better tobacco policy decision-making for the public. This protocol describes the planned systematic review stages, paper inclusion and exclusion criteria, data extraction, and analysis.

Methods

Two reviewers searched five databases (Embase, EconLit, PsycINFO, PubMed, and CINAHL Plus) to identify eligible studies published between July 2013 and August 2019. We included papers projecting tobacco-related outcomes with a focus on tobacco control policies in any population and setting. Eligible papers were independently screened by two reviewers. The data extraction form was designed and piloted to extract model structure, data sources, transparency, validation, and other qualities. We will use a narrative synthesis to present the results by summarizing model trends, analyzing model approaches, and reporting data input and result quality. We will propose recommendations to assess the quality of tobacco control policy simulation models using the findings from this review and related literature.

Results

Data collection is in progress. Results are expected to be completed and submitted for publication by April 2021.

Conclusions

This systematic methodological review will summarize the best practices and pitfalls existing among tobacco control policy simulation models and present a recommendation list of a high-quality tobacco control simulation model. A more standardized and quality-assured tobacco control policy simulation model will benefit modelers, policymakers, and the public on both model building and decision making.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020178146; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020178146

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/26854
Pakistan’s Response to COVID-19: Overcoming National and International Hypes to Fight the Pandemic
Authors: Akhtar Hashaam , Afridi Maham , Akhtar Samar , Ahmad Hamaad , Ali Sabahat , Khalid Sundas , Awan Sajid Mahmood , Jahangiri Shahzaib , Khader Yousef Saleh
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 outbreak started as pneumonia in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The subsequent pandemic was declared as the sixth public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020, by the World Health Organization. Pakistan could be a potential hotspot for COVID-19 owing to its high population of 204.65 million and its struggling health care and economic systems. Pakistan was able to tackle the challenge with relatively mild repercussions. The present analysis has been conducted to highlight the situation of the disease in Pakistan in 2020 and the measures taken by various stakeholders coupled with support from the community to abate the risk of catastrophic spread of the virus.
Our Whole Lives for Hypertension and Cardiac Risk Factors—Combining a Teaching Kitchen Group Visit With a Web-Based Platform: Feasibility Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Gardiner Paula , McGonigal Lisa , Villa Ariel , Kovell Lara C , Rohela Pallavi , Cauley Andrew , Rinker Diana , Olendzki Barbara
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Hypertension (HTN) affects millions of Americans. Our Whole Lives: an eHealth toolkit for Hypertension and Cardiac Risk Factors (OWL-H) is an eHealth platform that teaches evidence-based lifestyle strategies, such mindfulness and cooking skills, to improve self-management of HTN.

OBJECTIVE

The primary goal of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of OWL-H combined with teaching kitchen medical group visits (TKMGVs) in a low-income population of participants with HTN.

METHODS

We conducted a pre-post 8-week study to assess the feasibility of a hybrid program (a web-based 9-module self-management program, which includes mindfulness and Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet) accompanied by 3 in-person TKMGVs among patients with HTN. Data including demographics, platform use, and satisfaction after using OWL-H were examined. Outcome data collected at baseline and 8 weeks included the Mediterranean Diet Questionnaire, Hypertension Self-Care Profile Self-Efficacy Instrument, Blood Pressure Knowledge Questionnaire, and the number of self-reported blood pressure readings. For the statistical analysis, we used descriptive statistics, paired sample t tests (1-tailed), and qualitative methods.

RESULTS

Of the 25 enrolled participants, 22 (88%) participants completed the study. Participants’ average age was 57 (SD 12.1) years, and 46% (11/24) of them reported a household income <US $30,000 per year. Among the 22 participants who logged in to OWL-H, the average number of mindfulness practices completed was 7 and the average number of module sessions accessed was 4. In all, 73% (16/22) of participants reported that they were “very satisfied” with using OWL-H to help manage their HTN. Participants’ blood pressure knowledge significantly increased from baseline (mean 5.58, SD 1.44) to follow-up (mean 6.13, SD 1.23; P=.03). Participants significantly increased their adherence to a Mediterranean diet from baseline (mean 7.65, SD 2.19) to follow-up (mean 9, SD 1.68; P=.004). Participants’ self-efficacy in applying heart-healthy habits, as measured by the Hypertension Self-Care Profile Self-Efficacy Instrument, increased from baseline (mean 63.67, SD 9.06) to follow-up (mean 65.54, SD 7.56; P=.14). At the 8-week follow-up, 82% (18/22) of the participants had self-reported their blood pressure on the OWL-H platform at least once during the 8 weeks.

CONCLUSIONS

The eHealth platform for HTN self-management, OWL-H, and accompanying in-person TKMGVs have the potential to effectively improve lifestyle management of HTN.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03974334; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03974334
Implementation of Telehealth Services at the US Department of Veterans Affairs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Der-Martirosian Claudia , Wyte-Lake Tamar , Balut Michelle , Chu Karen , Heyworth Leonie , Leung Lucinda , Ziaeian Boback , Tubbesing Sarah , Mullur Rashmi , Dobalian Aram
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a rapid increase in the use of telehealth services at the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), which was accelerated by state and local policies mandating stay-at-home orders and restricting nonurgent in-person appointments. Even though the VA was an early adopter of telehealth in the late 1990s, the vast majority of VA outpatient care continued to be face-to-face visits through February 2020.

OBJECTIVE

We compared telehealth service use at a VA Medical Center, Greater Los Angeles across 3 clinics (primary care [PC], cardiology, and home-based primary care [HBPC]) 12 months before and 12 months after the onset of COVID-19 (March 2020).

METHODS

We used a parallel mixed methods approach including simultaneous quantitative and qualitative approaches. The distribution of monthly outpatient and telehealth visits, as well as telephone and VA Video Connect encounters were examined for each clinic. Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with 34 staff involved in telehealth services within PC, cardiology, and HBPC during COVID-19. All audiotaped interviews were transcribed and analyzed by identifying key themes.

RESULTS

Prior to COVID-19, telehealth use was minimal at all 3 clinics, but at the onset of COVID-19, telehealth use increased substantially at all 3 clinics. Telephone was the main modality of patient choice. Compared with PC and cardiology, video-based care had the greatest increase in HBPC. Several important barriers (multiple steps for videoconferencing, creation of new scheduling grids, and limited access to the internet and internet-connected devices) and facilitators (flexibility in using different video-capable platforms, technical support for patients, identification of staff telehealth champions, and development of workflows to help incorporate telehealth into treatment plans) were noted.

CONCLUSIONS

Technological issues must be addressed at the forefront of telehealth evolution to achieve access for all patient populations with different socioeconomic backgrounds, living situations and locations, and health conditions. The unprecedented expansion of telehealth during COVID-19 provides opportunities to create lasting telehealth solutions to improve access to care beyond the pandemic.
Red Tape Phenomenon of Social Securities Distribution During Covid-19: A Socio–Legal Analysis
Authors: Yuniza Mailinda Eka , Rebecca Aicha Grade
Published: April 2021

To distribute social aids during a time of a pandemic, red tapes or unnecessary bureaucratic layers needs to be eliminated because the situations demand flexibility. In fact, during the Covid-19 the Indonesian government struggled to hand the staple needs help due to various problems with the existing social aid system. The purpose of this study is to analyze the social and legal factors that create a red tape that hindered the implementations of distributions. This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques of literature and statutory analysis. The result of this study shows that there is an interplay factor between administrative law on social policies and the bureau pathology(Bureaucratic disease) that infects the bureaucratic system of the Ministry of Social Affairs especially in the aspects of managerial, human resources, and tendencies to conduct unlawful actions aspects. The format of the law has proven to be ineffective to be used in a pandemic setting. Furthermore, there are tendencies of upholding the tight legal mechanism to share the responsibilities in between bottom-up government units which had created ineffective within the systems in times of a pandemic. Nevertheless, it shows that the law has already matured in governing the bureaucratic nature in the Ministry of Social Affairs.
A Systematic Review of Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment and Modeling through Concept Mapping
Authors: Zhang Jingshun , Jang Eunice , Chahine Saad
Published: April 2021

Traditional assessments are typically constructed on logical taxonomies and content specifications but lack explicit cognitive models of the processes and problem-solving strategies that underlie student performance. Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment (CDA) fills this gap by combining cognitive science and psychometrics. CDA is in its infancy, but over 1,000 relevant studies have been conducted in this area during the last 20 years. Facing these complicated studies, many beginners struggle to understand the whole picture of CDA. This paper systematically reviews the literature on CDA and relevant cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) with the application of a concept mapping technology. Concept mapping is graphical representation of concepts and their relationships. Its use in this study allows researchers and students to gain in-depth knowledge about CDA and CDM and identify areas of future research.
The Improvement of the Effectiveness of Teaching of The Outline of Chinese Modern History
Authors: Chenxi Qiu
Published: April 2021

The Outline of Chinese Modern History is not only an important history course, but also an ideological and political course, which has an important influence on higher education. Teaching effectiveness is an important criterion to assess the degree of curriculum realization. It is difficult to achieve the effectiveness of the teaching of the Outline of Chinese Modern History, which requires the teaching of historical facts, historical logic, historical law and historical views. We should pay active attention to the realization of the effectiveness of ideological and political education in higher education under the background of economic transformation and increasing international fluctuations. Based on this, this study will take the teaching effectiveness of the Outline of Modern Chinese History as the object, based on the analysis of teaching effectiveness and the relevant theories of the Outline of Modern Chinese History, to summarize the problems and focus on the analysis in the improvement of the effectiveness of the curriculum.
Science in the media: the scientific community's perception of the COVID-19 media coverage in Spain
Authors: de Sola Javier
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic was the most prominent feature in the media in 2020. This research analyzes the scientific community's perception of the journalistic coverage of the pandemic in the Spanish media. Based on a survey with the participation of 818 respondents, the study revealed that scientists believe that radio did the best job in reporting the pandemic, whereas television did the worst. Among our findings, it is worthwhile to mention that — according to scientists — the media used sensationalistic tones and reports were not particularly accurate nor realistic. Finally, we included the scientific community's recommendations to treat the subject more appropriately.
Towards Quantum One-Time Memories from Stateless Hardware
Authors: Broadbent Anne , Gharibian Sevag , Zhou Hong-Sheng
Published: April 2021

A central tenet of theoretical cryptography is the study of the minimal assumptions required to implement a given cryptographic primitive. One such primitive is the one-time memory (OTM), introduced by Goldwasser, Kalai, and Rothblum [CRYPTO 2008], which is a classical functionality modeled after a non-interactive 1-out-of-2 oblivious transfer, and which is complete for one-time classical and quantum programs. It is known that secure OTMs do not exist in the standard model in both the classical and quantum settings. Here, we propose a scheme for using quantum information, together with the assumption of stateless (i.e., reusable) hardware tokens, to build statistically secure OTMs. Via the semidefinite programming-based quantum games framework of Gutoski and Watrous [STOC 2007], we prove security for a malicious receiver making at most 0.114n adaptive queries to the token (for n the key size), in the quantum universal composability framework, but leave open the question of security against a polynomial amount of queries. Compared to alternative schemes derived from the literature on quantum money, our scheme is technologically simple since it is of the "prepare-and-measure" type. We also give two impossibility results showing certain assumptions in our scheme cannot be relaxed.
German Family Policy in the Context of Solving Demographic Problems
Authors:   University of Applied Sciences – Public Administration and Finance, Schulz Martin
Published: April 2021

The demographic change in Germany brings about diverse challenges and burdens. Family policy has the potential to play a special, formative role in influencing and shaping demographic development. This raises the question of how family policy is determined within its current demographic context. To answer it, this article lays out the fundamental goals, schemes and responsibilities of present-day family policy in Germany a striking feature of which is that its task is cross-sectional in nature. The example of old-age provisions shows how far-reaching family policy schemes are, and how they are gaining in importance given the current demographic context.
AÇÕES DE GOVERNO PARA AS POLÍTICAS DE EDUCAÇÃO EM GÊNERO E SEXUALIDADE DO ESTADO DO CEARÁ (2015-2018)
Authors: Souza Homero Henrique de , Pereira Arliene Stephanie Menezes , Sousa Ana Carolina Braga de , Queiroz  Zuleide Fernandes de
Published: April 2021

As temáticas da diversidade de gênero e sexualidade na educação adquirem cada vez maior visibilidade, suscitando discussões e reflexões na grande mídia, redes sociais, dos movimentos sociais e nas salas de aula; provocando diversas reações e gerando iniciativas e orientações a serem praticadas numa perspectiva de afirmação democrática, respeito mútuo, aceitação da diferença e construção de uma sociedade em que todos possam exercer plenamente sua cidadania. O presente texto trata da Política Pública de Educação do Estado do Ceará para Gênero e Sexualidade na Escola desenvolvidas entre os anos de 2015 e 2018 (Governo Camilo Santana) pela Secretaria da Educação do Estado do Ceará (Seduc). Objetivando descrever as principais ações desenvolvidas pela Seduc, dentro deste recorte temporal, para as políticas de educação em gênero e sexualidade no Estado do Ceará. Em termos de procedimentos metodológicos, a pesquisa baseou-se em dados levantados a partir da análise documental de planos de trabalho, relatórios, dossiês e mensagens governamentais disponibilizados pela Seduc e a página eletrônica do governo do Estado do Ceará. A partir da sistematização dos dados coletados, foi realizada a interpretação por meio da categorização mediante a análise de conteúdo (Bardin,1977). Os resultados apontam que a política de formação pedagógica com o recorte temático citado é inovadora, relevante e, sobretudo, uma política de resistência, porém insipiente e desarticulada. E que a política educacional do estado do Ceará carece de maior conhecimento e aplicabilidade dentro do cotidiano escolar, pois ainda não é prioritária dentro da agenda governamental e de alcance limitado.
Apresentação do dossiê temático: Educação e cultura digital na Covid-19
Authors: Nonato Emanuel do Rosário Santos , Sales Mary Valda Souza
Published: April 2021

Apresentação do dossiê.
Competências digitais de docentes universitários em tempos de pandemia: análise da autoavaliação Digcompedu
Authors: Trindade Sara Dias , Santo Eniel do Espírito
Published: April 2021

O uso de tecnologias digitais em ambientes educativos tem vindo a ser discutido nos últimos anos, dando destaque à necessidade de formação adequada para que este uso proporcione uma efetiva melhoria dos processos educativos e potencie as aprendizagens dos estudantes. Quando a pandemia da Covid-19 obrigou as instituições de ensino a encerrar as portas físicas, o projeto que se apresenta neste trabalho encontrava-se em curso e tinha por objetivo avaliar o nível de competências digitais dos docentes da Universidade Federal Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB), a partir do questionário de autoavaliação DigCompEdu, validado por Dias-Trindade, Moreira e Nunes (2019), para de seguida organizar formação docente adequada ao suprimento das necessidades verificadas no corpo docente daquela instituição. A pandemia, e a consequente necessidade de aposta num ensino digital de qualidade acelerou o trabalho do projeto em curso, para que a referida formação fosse preparada e adequada às necessidades decorrentes da continuidade de um ensino completamente a distância. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram as fragilidades dos 182 docentes respondentes, em particular na área da avaliação da aprendizagem, levando à preparação de formação docente que se encontra já em fase de implementação na UFRB.