bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“La etapa de evolución social en la que nos encontramos ya está fusionada con la inteligencia artificial, mucho más allá de cualquier punto de retorno”. Entrevista al Dr. Martin Hilbert
Authors: Hilbert Martin , Santillán-Vásquez Manuel
Published: July 2018

Martin Hilbert es, sin lugar a dudas, uno de los más destacados investigadores de los últimos tiempos. Desde sus trabajos multidisciplinarios publicados en revistas científicas de gran impacto y trayectoria, nos ha hecho posible entender a la sociedad de la información de manera más íntegra. Hilbert ha trabajado para distintos organismos internacionales y se interesa particularmente en el rol de la información o big data en sistemas sociales complejos. Discípulo de Manuel Castells, y actualmente, es profesor asociado en el Departamento de Comunicaciones de la Universidad de California. Con esta entrevista, hemos querido ahondar en la forma en que Hilbert ve el impacto de la digitalización en ámbitos como la economía, la investigación, la política, las ciencias sociales y la humanidad, en general.
The Redistributive Effects of Monetary Policy Across Generations
Authors: Bondarenko Olga
Published: July 2018

The paper revises the redistributive channels of monetary policy transmission and their impact on income and wealth distributions in a New-Keynesian Overlapping Generations (OLG) model. The model mimics total asset holdings and earnings processes of several types of households across generations, based on their attitude to saving and income group. In this environment, expansionary monetary shocks stimulate capital and debt accumulation to a larger extent for middle-aged individuals, contributing to intergenerational inequality. Heterogeneity of labor income augments this effect, benefitting richer and more productive workers.
Policy Change in the Colombian Research Evaluation System of Research Groups: the Need for a Different Route
Authors: Luis Antonio Orozco Diego Chavarro,
Published: July 2018

Este artículo presenta un análisis de la manera en que se lleva a cabo el cambio en las políticas del Sistema de evaluación de la investigación de grupos de investigación en Colombia. Empleando el marco conceptual llamado AdvocacyCoalition Framework muestra la interacción entre los actores que tratan de dar forma al sistema. El cambio en la política es visto como un proceso de aprendizaje en el que las instituciones, así como las comunidades, están involucradasen el desarrollo del Sistema. Si bien la interacción entre los actores ha logrado ajustes de la política, la situación actual demanda un enfoque diferente para lograr un mecanismo más participativo y abierto.
Resenha de: Rosa, Carlos Eduardo Valle. 2014. Poder Aéreo – Guia de Estudos. Rio de Janeiro: Luzes – Comunicação, Arte e Cultura
Authors: Furtado Érika Rigotti
Published: July 2018

Carlos Eduardo Valle Rosa é Coronel Aviador da Reserva da Força Aérea Brasileira, e além de sua experiência como militar, possui formação em História e Pedagogia. O autor realizou o Curso de Estado Maior junto à Força Aérea da República da Coreia e atua como instrutor nas Escolas Militares da Aeronáutica, além de fazer parte do programa de pós‑graduação da Universidade da Força Aérea. Seu Guia de Estudos se dedica a apresentar uma visão ampla a respeito do Poder Aéreo, possuindo como objetivo fundamental unir a teoria à prática, de modo a proporcionar um estudo de natureza didática, expandido o acesso ao tema nas escolas militares, departamentos universitários e associações de estudos de segurança e defesa, considerando que a guerra deixou de ser tratada apenas no âmbito militar. Na introdução, o leitor se depara com o desenvolvimento de alguns conceitos fundamentais para alcançar a compreensão dos temas distribuídos ao longo da obra. Conforme a dinâmica adotada pelo autor, voltada a estabelecer um gradual contato com a natureza e as peculiaridades do poder aéreo, a divisão do livro comporta quatro capítulos.
Resenha de: Villas‑Bôas, Ana Lucia A. 2016. PEB – Programa Espacial Brasileiro: militares, cientistas e a questão da soberania nacional. Lisboa: Chiado Editora.
Authors: Missagia Raquel dos Santos
Published: July 2018

O livro PEB – Programa Espacial Brasileiro: militares, cientistas e a questão da soberania nacional trata de um tema ainda pouco explorado pelos pesquisadores brasileiros, o Programa Espacial Brasileiro e seus desdobramentos para a política nacional. O livro de Ana Lucia A. Villas‑Bôas nos leva a pensar sobre como é o desenvolvimento científico‑tecnológico em países emergentes, que é o caso brasileiro. O cerne do seu campo de análise reside na intersecção da dimensão tecnológica com a política, ou seja, de que modo ocorre a dinâmica do binômio ciência e tecnologia e a soberania nacional dos Estados.
Fronteira Brasil – Bolívia em Mato Grosso: segurança pública, desenvolvimento social e a construção da identidade nacional
Authors: De Macedo Daniel Alemeida
Published: July 2018

O presente texto aborda as políticas de segurança pública e defesa nacional na fronteira Brasil – Bolívia em Mato Grosso, correlacionando‑as com as políticas de desenvolvimento vigentes (ou ausentes) na região e destaca sua importância para a construção do sentimento de identidade nacional. O texto corrobora o entendimento segundo o qual a estratégia nacional de proteção das fronteiras é inseparável da estratégia de desenvolvimento, e que a “via inversa” da valorização das potencialidades regionais tem o condão de reduzir a insegurança das populações locais diante da ameaça que representa o crime organizado.
Modelo Brasileiro do Ambiente interagências para Operações na Fronteira
Authors: Neto José Carlos de Araujo , Barp Wilson José , Cardoso e Cardoso Luis Fernando
Published: July 2018

Esta pesquisa buscou identificar incongruências no âmbito do Plano Estratégico de Fronteiras, revelando dificuldades para estabelecer cooperação entre os partícipes de uma atividade interagências. Apesar das Operações Ágata e do Sistema Brasileiro de Inteligência, o Tribunal de Contas da União considera a inexistência de uma solução interagências no país.
Kualitas Buku Teks Bahasa Indonesia Kelas VII Terbitan Kemendikbud Kurikulum 2013 (Tinjauan Atas Aspek Kesesuaian)
Authors: Misriani Agita
Published: July 2018

This study is aimed at describing the textbooks of class VII issued by Ministry of education and cultural of Indonesia (Kemendikbud), in terms of the compatibility of the content, language, presentation and layout. The data in this study consist of words, sentences, discourses and texts of the textbooks under examination, quoted from the main textbook issued by Kemendikbud as the learning source for student class VII. The instrument used in this study adopts BSNP standards. To analyze data, the study uses content analysis technique and to check the validity of the data it uses the technique of triangulation. As the results, it indicates that the Indonesian textbooks for class VII belong to appropriate category in terms of content, language and presentation. However, much revision is still needed especially on the accuracy of illustrations, conformity with the level of intellectual development of students and student accessibility and the completeness of the presentation based on its content. The suitability of layout reaches very appropriate category. It only needs to revise on the design of the cover performance in order to attract student’s interest.

Keywords: Indonesian textbook, Indonesian language, class VII
Tinjauan Sosiologi Ekonomi Terhadap Perilaku Konsumsi Masyarakat Kota Makassar Pada Pasar Virtual
Authors: Anwar Andi Faisal , Parakkasi Idris , Rusydi Bahrul Ulum
Published: July 2018

This study aims to analyze the behavior of public consumption, the factors that encourage people to transact in the virtual market, and forecasting the type of the market in the future related by consumption behavior. Therefore, the analytical method used is descriptive statistical analysis. The results showed that in terms of characteristics of people who spend in the virtual market dominated by women, high school educated, and having aged between 21-30 years, sources of information through social media, and the type of goods is a fashion product. In terms of consumer behavior and the value of goods, generally consumers still doubt on the quality of goods sold in the virtual market. The reasons of shoppings are efficiency and effectiveness as well as availability of new products. Furthermore, in terms of consumption behavior and hypereality, people tend to browse despite the desire to buy goods quite low, consumer exposure in non-virtual market will decrease in stead of in the virtual market, and then some people still doubt the level of trust and security transact in the virtual market. Religious values are essential to improving people's morale in exploiting virtual markets
Efek Sinergis Bahan Aktif Tanaman Obat Berbasiskan Jejaring Dengan Protein Target
Authors: Syahrir Nur Hilal A. , Afendi Farit Mochamad , Susetyo Budi
Published: July 2018

Medicinal plants contain inherently active ingredients. Such ingredients are beneficial to prevent and cure diseases, as well as to perform specific biological functions. In contrast to synthetic drugs, which is based on one single chemicals, medicinal plants exert their beneficial effects through the additive or synergistic action of several chemical compounds. Those chemical compound act on single or multiple targets (multicomponent therapeutic) associated with a physiological process. Active ingredients combinations show a synergistic effect. This means that the combinational effect of several active ingredients is greater than that of individual one acting separately. A network target can be used to identify synergistic effects of plants active ingredients. The method of NIMS (Network target-based Identification of Multicomponent Synergy) is a computational approach to identify the potential synergistics effect of active ingredients. It also assessess synergistic strength of any active ingradients at the molecular level by synergy scores. We investigate these synergistic on a Jamu formula for diabetes mellitus type 2.  The Jamu formula is composed of four medicinal plants, namely Tinospora crispa , Zingiber officinale, Momordica charantia, and Blumea balsamivera. Our work succesfully demonstrates that the highest synergy scores on medicinal plants synergy can be seen in pairs of several active ingredients in Zingiber officinale. On the other hand, the synergy of pairs of active ingredients in Momordica charantia and Zingiber officinale posseses a relatively high score. The same occurs in Tinospora crispa and Zingiber officinale.
Growth and Yield Response of Rodent Tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume) under Different Light Intensities and Concentrations of Paclobutrazol
Authors: Utami Noorwitri , Devy Lukita , Arianto Arief
Published: July 2018

Rodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd) Blume) is one of the medicinal plants used for anticancer treatment, but the information on the cultivation of the plant is limited. The objectives of this research was to study the effect of light intensity and concentration level of paclobutrazol on growth and yield of rodent tuber. This research was conducted at Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia. This experiment arranged in a split plot design with three replications. The main plot is light intensity (35, 55, and 100%). The sub plot is concentration level of paclobutrazol (0, 50, 100, and 150 ppm). Paclobutrazol applied as soil drench at one month after planting. In each application 500 ml solution was used. Variables observed consisted of plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf and tuber fresh weight; and leaf and tuber dry weight. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan Multiple Range test at 5%. The result showed that interaction between light intensity and paclobutrazol affected the whole observed variable. Dry weight of tuber under 35% light intensity was lower than those in other light intensity for all treatments of paclobutrazol. Full sunlight intensity showed better dry weight in all treatments of paclobutrazol. However the dry weight decreasing significantly at 150 ppm paclobutrazol, but still higher than those in 35% light intensity. Therefore, rodent tuber is better cultivated under full sunlight and 55% light intensity with 100 ppm paclobutrazol.
PEMBUATAN ARANG AKTIF DARI LIMBAH AMPAS TEBU SEBAGAI ADSORBEN ION FE2+ DAN CO2+
Authors: Sarah Faucut
Published: July 2018

Producing active charcoal to be absorbent for ion Fe2+ and Co2+ had been done by using waste of bagasse. The objective of study was to utilize waste of bagasse to be active charcoal, so it can be used for absorbent. Initially, it was carbonized by using pyrolysis at temperature of 300-400oC for 5 hours. Then, it was activated by solving to ZnCl 2 10% for 24 hours, filtered and washed by using distilled water. Wet active charcoal was drained in oven for 9 hours at temperature of 110oC. After that, the analysis stage was started by inserted the absorbent into 10 mL samples which are contained various concentration of ion Fe2+ and Co2+ with variation of 1 gram, 2 grams, and 3 grams for 10 ppm solution. The, it was stirred by contacted time of 10, 20, and 30 minutes. By the previous treatment, it was indicated that the best contacted time for Fe2+ is 30 minutes with 3 grams absorbent which is showed by color change from yellow to colorless with a removal percentage of 95%. For the same case, Co2+ has removal percentage of 98% for 3 grams absorbent with contacted time of 30 minutes which is showed by color change from pink to faded. Keywords: waste of bagasse, absorbent, active charcoal, pyrolysis, Co 2+ , Fe 2+
Forecasting cattle depredation risk by recolonizing gray wolves
Authors: Hanley Zoë L. , Cooley Hilary S. , Maletzke Benjamin T. , Wielgus Robert B.
Published: July 2018

Minimizing wolf‐livestock conflicts requires identifying conditions placing livestock at risk and focusing adaptive management at a local scale. Gray wolves Canis lupus began recolonizing Washington in 2008. We used generalized linear mixed models to investigate characteristics of wolf pack territories in Idaho and Montana from 1991–2008 (n = 137) and predict cattle Bos taurus depredation risk for current and probable wolf‐occupied areas in Washington. Cattle depredation risk increased with cattle abundance and if the pack depredated cattle the previous year. When models were applied to wolf pack territories in Washington from 2008–2016 (n = 43), 3 of 7 (43%) depredating pack territory/years were predicted at ≥61% depredation risk. During the summer grazing season (1 May – 31 October) when most cattle depredations (97%; n = 34) occurred in Washington, cattle east of the Cascade Mountains were often on grazing allotments whereas cattle west of the Cascade Mountains were located on small, private farms. Thus, relative cattle abundance per grazing allotment and county likely represented cattle depredation risk east and west of the Cascade Mountains, respectively. County‐wide and allotment cattle abundance forecasted 10.3% and 1.4% of probable wolf‐occupied areas at ≥ 61% cattle depredation risk, respectively. These risk models and maps provide locations for federal and state wildlife managers to focus depredation prevention measures and a template for future analyses as wolves continue to recolonize Washington.
Proximity and Other Geographical Factors in Family Planning
Clinic Utilization in Pakistan
Authors: Green Lawrence W. , Krotki Karol J.
Published: July 2018

An understanding of the social and psychological forces
effecting the use that people make of existing medical care and health
facilities is essential to programme planning and administration. Yet,
little is known about these forces as they operate in Pakistan and
elsewhere with regard to the utilization of such specialized facilities
or services as family planning clinics. This analysis of clinic records
from the Karachi Family Planning Association (FPA)1 explores certain
social forces in clinic utilization in terms of their geographical
distribution in this urban area of Pakistan. In the last section of this
paper we generalize the term "clinic" to include the wide variety of
sources or centres of contraceptive supply provided in the Third Five
Year Plan (such as village volunteers, dais1, and shopkeepers) and
consider the implications of our findings in terms of this broader
concept of clinic. One of the dilemmas faced by administrators of
certain clinic-centred public health and family planning programmes is
whether to place their clinics within or very near the residential area
of the people for whom the service is mainly intended, or to place the
clinic somewhat more distant from this primary target group. The main
argument for proximity is that most potential clients or patients will
not avail themselves of clinic services unless the services or
facilities are
Development of Irrigated Agriculture in East Pakistan : Some
Basic Considerations
Authors: Mohammad Ghulam
Published: July 2018

East Pakistan is characterized by a heavy monsoon rainfall
accompanied by inundation of vast areas during the summer season. The
inundation is caused by high flood levels of two of the largest rivers
of the world, the Brahmaputra Jamuna and the Ganges-Padma and by the
influx of such major tributaries as the Meghna within the deltaic area.
Probably nowhere else in the world is there such a confluence of great
rivers as in East Pakistan. The heavy precipitation and extensive
inundation create difficulties for most crops other than rice. Thus,
rice is grown on 23 million acres or 112 per cent of the 20.5 million
acres of the net area sown1. The area of all other crops is 5 million
acres, raising the total cropped area2 to 28 million acres. This gives
an intensity of cropping3 of 137 per cent.
The Short-Run Impact of Development on the Cost of
Production
Authors: Sanders Martin
Published: July 2018

The purpose of the present note is to illustrate that although
our knowledge of the consequences of devaluation is too limited to
warrant reliable policy recommendations, it is well within the
competence of the economist to build simple models illuminating certain
aspects of the devaluation problem. We shall concentrate on only one
aspect, the increase in costs of production which results from a price
increase of imports. The question posed is: what increases in cost of
production will occur if Pakistan decides to devalue its currency by 50
per cent? It will be shown in the next section that, on certain
assumptions, this question can be solved easily with an input-output
model. In Section II some implications of our calculations will be
given. Finally, in Section III some conclusions will be
drawn.
The Welfare Economics of Foreign Aid
Authors: Anisur Rahman Mohammad
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the forces governing
the demand for foreign aid by recipient countries, and the associated
question of choice of domestic savings for financing economic growth, in
a situation where foreign aid is available at an institutionally
determined low rate of interest. The discussion rests on a highly
stylized conceptual exercise in optimizing the time-pattern of
investment, foreign aid, and (hence) domestic savings over a long but
finite period of time, with a nonlinear social preference function to be
maximized subject to the attainment of a target plan terminal level of
national income1. The preference function to be maximized is assumed to
be the sum (integral) of one-period (instantaneous) "utility" derived
from aggregate consumption over the entire plan period, with marginal
utility from consumption falling as consumption of any period (point of
time) rises. The exercise brings out that in the absence of offsetting
political and/or psychological forces, the demand for foreign aid at the
prevailing low rate(s) of interest should far exceed what recipient
countries are actually obtaining currently, and foreign aid would be
used not only for increasing the rate of economic growth but also for
directly increasing consumption. With such excesses on the demand side,
the "market" for foreign aid must be in a state of "institu¬tional
disequilibrium", leading to "political lobbying" by recipient countries
each trying to increase the allocation of a limited total amount of
foreign aid in its own favour. This conclusion is contrasted with a
recent theory, due to [3; 4], that emphasizes the welfare efficiency
from the point of view of recipients of foreign aid of maximizing
domestic savings and thereby keeping the flow of foreign aid to a
minimum, a theory that we shall call the "maximum austerity"
Producers' Response to Changes in Prices and Marketing Policies: A Case Study of Sugarcane and Paddy in Eastern U.P. by S. C. Gupta and A. Majid. New York: Asia Publishing House, 1965.
Authors: Mohammad Irshad Khan
Published: July 2018

It is alleged that the agricultural output in poor countries responds very little to movements in prices and costs because of subsistence-oriented produc¬tion and self-produced inputs. The work of Gupta and Majid is concerned with the empirical verification of the responsiveness of farmers to prices and marketing policies in a backward region. The authors' analysis of the respon¬siveness of farmers to economic incentives is based on two sets of data (concern¬ing sugarcane, cash crop, and paddy, subsistence crop) collected from the district of Deoria in Eastern U.P. (Utter Pradesh) a chronically foodgrain deficit region in northern India. In one set, they have aggregate time-series data at district level and, in the other, they have obtained data from a survey of five villages selected from 170 villages around Padrauna town in Deoria.
Capital Expenditure, Recurring Expenditure, and Development
Planning Comments on Dr. Huda's Address
Authors: Rahman M. Akhlaqur
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this note is to discuss the nature of the
problems created -by the "impact of the capital expenditure on the
subsequent liabilities of re¬curring expenditure"1 of the government and
to suggest certain remedies for either eliminating or reducing such
problems. The problem, as stated below, basically relates to the
financial planning of development projects. The installation of a
development project involves capital costs. The running of the project,
after its completion, involves the costs of operation and maintenance,
i.e., the recurring costs. The purpose of * financial planning is to
maximize the surplus of returns over the costs of opera¬tion, including
the maintenance and replacement costs.
Some Comments and Reflections on "Planning Experience in
Pakistan"
Authors: Ghulam Rabbani A. K. M.
Published: July 2018

Dr. Huda has earned our gratitude by elaborating in lucid
terms the problems and experiences of planning in Pakistan [1]. As we
approach the Fourth Plan we need to have a fresh look at past
experiences so as to formulate the future plans in a much more realistic
fashion than has hitherto been done. Dr. Huda, in his Address, has
raised many issues in this respect. My comments will be limited to the
planning technique that has so far been pursued in Pakistan. My concern
is basically regarding the changes, that we would like to see, made in
the coming plan in this respect. At the technical level, the formulation
of a five-year plan has now be¬come synonymous with working out a
multisectoral econometric (consistency) model, which provides the basic
framework around which the plan is built. However, setting up a
macro-model is only a part of the plan formulation. A comprehensive
model which purports simply to develop and test the con¬sistency and
optimality of an economic strategy is, at best, partially relevent to
planning needs [5]. In fact, complete formulation of a five-year plan
involves the following six categories of interrelated studies — the
strength and realism of a plan depends on how satisfactorily these works
are accomplished while a plan is formulated:
The Possibilities of the East Pakistan Economy During the Fourth
Five-Year Plan
Authors: Khan Azizur Rahman
Published: July 2018

The purpose of the present set of exercises is to study the
possibilities of the East Pakistan economy during the fourth five-year
plan period (1970-75) with the help of an explicit model. The model we
employ is a multisectoral one of the simple consistency type. It is a
multisectoral or detailed model for plan¬ning in the sense that it
distinguishes as many as twenty-nine producing sectors of the economy of
East Pakistan and explicitly takes into account all intersectoral
deliveries of current and capital goods. The definite advantages of a
multi-sectoral model over its alternative, a highly aggregated model,
need hardly be pointed out. Since sectors with widely varying
resource-requirements can easily have widely divergent rates of growth,
the use of fixed overall incre¬mental capital and foreign-exchange
coefficients can hardly be a reliable method of estimating the size of a
development programme. Moreover, it is not enough to know the total size
of a development programme. From an operational standpoint it is
essential to know in some details the pattern of distribution of
resources among various types of activities.
LANGUAGE MANAGEMENT IN NON-MARRIAGE COUPLE
Authors: Sahri Alfi , Rafiana Nurmalia , Dibha Cut Droena
Published: July 2018

This study aims to analyze how non-marriage couples plan language planning for their daily communicating and language decline for their future children when they are married. The population of this study is all couples dating arround Langsa as many as 10 couples. Data were collected using questionnaires for dating couples. The result of the research is that the coupleshas many good planning to plan the language fir them and their future child, beside that there are still many who want to use local language. Couples dating in the Langsa cuty prefer to plan language planning is the Indonesian language is the mother tongue and for their children will be able to easily communicate with people arround.
BİR OSMANLI KENTİ ÜSKÜP’ÜN TANZİMAT’TAN XX. YÜZYILA FİZİKSEL DEĞİŞİM SÜRECİ
Authors: Gönül Alper , Durak Selen
Published: July 2018

XIV. yüzyılda Osmanlılar tarafından fethedilen
Üsküp, Balkanlardaki stratejik konumu sayesinde Osmanlı İmparatorluğu için
önemini her zaman sürdürmüştür. Üsküp, Osmanlı öncesinde kale içerisinde küçük
bir kent görünümünde iken Osmanlılar ile birlikte kale dışında Doğu-Batı
doğrultusunda inşa edilen yapı kompleksleri (imaretler) ve bu yapı
komplekslerinin etrafında gelişen konut birimleri (mahalleler) ile büyük bir
gelişme göstermiştir. XV. ve XVI. yüzyıllarda yoğun bir imar faaliyetine sahne
olan Üsküp, XVII. ve XVIII. yüzyıllarda mimari gelişim bağlamında durağan bir
dönem geçirmiştir.XIX. yüzyıl Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda Tanzimat
Fermanı’nın kabulüne ve Batılılaşma hareketlerine bağlı olarak radikal
değişimlerin yaşandığı bir süreç olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. XIX. yüzyılda Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda yaşanan bu değişim önemli
bir Osmanlı vilayeti olan Üsküp’te (II. Abdülhamid’in Üsküp’e verdiği öneme de
bağlı olarak) kent mekânına ve yapılara yansımıştır.Bu çalışmada amaç Tanzimat sonrasında kent
yönetim örgütlerinin kurulmaya başladığı Osmanlı kentlerinden biri olan
Üsküp’te XIX. yüzyıl ortalarından XX. yüzyıl başlarına kadar gerçekleşen
fiziksel değişimleri; Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun son dönem siyasal, sosyal ve
ekonomik gelişmeleri ışığında incelemektir.

Söz konusu hedef doğrultusunda çalışmanın ilk
kısmında XIX. yüzyılda Tanzimat sonrasında Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun içerisinde
bulunduğu değişim ve Batılılaşma ortamı aktarılacaktır. Üsküp’ün XIX. yüzyılda
geçirdiği fiziksel değişimin daha net bir şekilde okunabilmesi için değişim
öncesi Üsküp’ün genel durumu harita üzerinde verilmiş; sonrasında ise siyasal,
sosyal ve ekonomik nedenlere bağlı olarak gerçekleşen mekânsal değişimler
ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmada erken Osmanlı döneminde oluşturulmuş ve Tanzimat
dönemine kadar küçük değişikliklerle ulaşmış kent yapısına kısaca değinilmiş;
ancak Tanzimat reformları ile ortaya çıkan mimari ürünlere odaklanılmıştır.
Sonuç bölümünde ise Tanzimat sonrası gerçekleşen mekânsal değişimler 1914 yılı
Üsküp haritası üzerinde gösterilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır.
An Information Matrix Test for the Collapsing of Categories Under the Partial Credit Model
Authors: Harel Daphna , Steele Russell J.
Published: July 2018

Collapsing categories is a commonly used data reduction technique; however, to date there do not exist principled methods to determine whether collapsing categories is appropriate in practice. With ordinal responses under the partial credit model, when collapsing categories, the true model for the collapsed data is no longer a partial credit model, and therefore refitting a partial credit model may result in model misspecification. This article details the implementation and performance of an information matrix test (IMT) to assess the implications of collapsing categories for a given data set under the partial credit model and compares its performance to the application of a nominal response model (NRM) and the S − X2 goodness-of-fit statistic. The IMT and NRM-based test are able to correctly determine the true number of categories for an item, given reasonable power through this goodness-of-fit test. We conclude by applying the test to a well-studied data set from the literature.
Capturing the Mesoarchean Emergence of Continental Crust in the Coorg Block, Southern India
Authors: Roberts Nick , Santosh M
Published: July 2018

The emergence of Earths continental crust above sea‐level is debated. To assess whether emergence can be observed at a regional scale, we present zircon U‐Pb‐Hf‐O isotope data from magmatic rocks of the Coorg Block, southern India. A 3.5 Ga granodiorite records the earliest felsic crust in the region. Younger phases of magmatism at 3.37‐3.27 Ga and 3.19‐3.14 Ga, comprising both reworked crust and juvenile material, record successive crustal maturation. We interpret an elevation in δ18O through time as an increase in both the amount of sediment recycling, and hence, crustal thickening, as well as an increase in the emerged area of continental crust available for weathering. Geochemical signatures do not point to any apparent change in geodynamic regime. We interpret the isotopic evolution of these rocks as solely reflecting regional emergence and thickening of the continental crust, assisted by the increasing strength of the lithosphere.
A Hybrid Fuzzy System Based Cooperative Scalable and Secured Localization Scheme For Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Kumar Abhishek
Published: July 2018

Localization entails position estimation of sensor nodes by employing different techniques and mathematical computations. Localizable sensors also form an inherent part in the functioning of IoT devices and robotics. In this article, the author extends1 a novel scheme for node localization implemented using a hybrid fuzzy logic system to trace the node locations inside the deployment region, presented by the Abhishek Kumar et. al. The results obtained were then optimized using Gauss Newton Optimization to improve the localization accuracy by 50% to 90% vis-à-vis weighted centroid and other fuzzy based localization algorithms. This article attempts to scale the proposed scheme for large number of sensor nodes to emulate somewhat real world scenario by introducing cooperative localization in previous presented work. The study also analyses the effectiveness of such scaling by comparing the localization accuracy. In next section, the article incorporates security in the proposed cooperative localization approach to detect malicious nodes/anchors by mutual authentication using El Gamel digital Signature scheme. A detailed study of the impact of incorporating security and scaling on average processing time and localization coverage has also been performed. The processing time increased by a factor of 2.5s for 500 nodes (can be attributed to more number of iterations and computations and large deployment area with small radio range of nodes) and coverage remained almost equal, albeit slightly low by a factor of 1% to 2%. Apart from these, the article also discusses the impact of adding extra functionalities in the proposed hybrid fuzzy system based localization scheme on processing time and localization accuracy. Lastly, this study also briefs about how the proposed scalable, cooperative and secure localization scheme tackles the type of attacks that pose threat to localization.
Silviculture for sustainable forest management in Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Shankar
Published: July 2018

Not available.BANKO JANAKARIA Journal of Forestry Information for Nepal Special Issue on SilvicultureSpecial Issue No. 4, 2018, page: 1-5
Modeling taper and volume of Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.) trees in the western Terai region of Nepal
Authors: Silwal R. , Baral S. K. , Chhetri B. B. K.
Published: July 2018

Volume and taper equations are used for estimating timber volume and biomass of a tree. Despite their usefulness, precise and site specific equations are still lacking for commercially important tree species in Nepal. The study was carried out at Chandak Chatiya Mahila Community Forest in Bardia district and Lumbini Collaborative Forest of Saljhandi in Rupandehi district in western Terai of Nepal. A destructive sampling method was used and selected fifteen Sal trees (Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.) from Saljhandi (site 1) and eighteen trees from Bagnaha (site 2) randomly to calibrate an individual tree volume and a stem taper function. At first, a non-linear stem taper function was calibrated using stem diameters outside bark at different heights above ground as response variable and D (diameter at breast height), H (total height), h (height of interest) as predictors. Then, effect of crown characteristics on stem taper was evaluated. As stem HCB (height to crown base) was found to affect stem taper, its usefulness in existing stem volume equation was tested. Empirical relationships between V (stem volume) as a response variable and D, H, HCB and sites in Bardia and Rupandehi districts as predictors were established using a linear mixed modeling approach. Our result showed that, instead of H, use of HCB in stem volume equation increased model prediction accuracy and reduced prediction bias. Applicability of the suggested models for predicting individual S. robusta tree volume and stem taper is discussed. Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for Nepal Special Issue No. 4, 2018, Page: 76-83
Developing local volume tables for three important tree species in Nawalparasi and Kapilvastu districts
Authors: Shrestha H. L. , Kafle M. R. , Khanal K. , Mandal R. A. , Khanal K.
Published: July 2018

The local volume tables of specific species are very important to estimate the timber volume of standing trees but precise site-specific volume tables are lacking for three important tree species, namely Dalbergia sissoo, Shorea robusta and Terminalia alata. Therefore, this study was carried out to develop local volume tables and determine the form factors of these species using destructive and non-destructive methods. Kapilvastu and Nawalparasi districts were selected for this study. Altogether, 188 vigorous trees were selected for measurement, out of which 156 (52 trees for each species) were from destructive sampling and 32 were standing trees. The data of destructive sampling trees of three species were used in developing the models for under bark timber volume up to 10 and 20 cm top diameters. Thirty two data (12 for S. robusta, 10 for T. alata and for D. sissoo each) of standing trees were used to validate the models of three species. A number of cross sections were made and actual volumes of stem, butt log, other sections and top portion were calculated using cylindrical, Newton’s, Smalian’s and cone formulae, respectively. The cylindrical volume was estimated based on diameter at breast height. The form factor was determined from the ratio of actual and cylindrical volumes. The diameter and height relationship was made and, based on this; the smooth curve was drawn to develop the local volume tables. The results showed that estimated form factor of 10 cm and 20 cm top diameter of selected species varied from 0.50 to 0.69. In addition, local volume tables are developed for stem volume based on diameter under bark. Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for Nepal Special Issue No. 4, 2018, Page: 84-91
Application of silvicultural system, yield regulation and thinning practices in natural forests: case study from western Terai
Authors: Subedi V. R. , Bhatta K. D. , Poudel I. P. , Bhattarai P.
Published: July 2018

Harvesting of mature forest crop, regenerating the harvested area and tending of young crop are major silvicultural operations in forest management. Silvicultural system provides a framework for carrying out these silvicultural operations in a systematic manner. Yield is the annual amount of produce that can be realized sustainably. Similarly, thinning is the principal tending operation carried out in immature crop, is more often complicated in natural forest. This paper attempts to review silvicultural system applied in Terai region of Nepal under scientific forest management in order to regulate yield and to suggest new methods of thinning in natural forests. The study was conducted in Buddha Shanti Collaborative Forest in Nawalparasi district, western Terai Nepal. Data related to implementation status of CFM Plan were collected through field observation. Harvesting data were collected during harvesting operation. The collected harvesting data were analyzed for yield regulation. Irregular shelter-wood system was applied in Buddha Shanti CFM. The applied method of yield regulation is combination of area and stem control. Area control is applied for regeneration period. Annual harvest is controlled by number of stems. Tree harvesting area is fixed for ten years and annual harvesting amount is fixed by number of tree. In this method annual numbers of trees for harvesting are fixed. Total enumeration method was applied for thinning to find out the most frequent size of pole in selected sub compartment. During the enumeration process; distance between the every stem and fore bearing was also recorded with the help of laser distance meter and compass. A stem map was prepared with the help of Arc-GIS and the grid distance was fixed based on the most frequent size of stem. Then, one stem from each grid was selected for retaining after harvesting and remaining stems were cut down. This method provides appropriate guideline for implementing it objectively by reducing subjective judgment and provide more systematic method for thinning. The field practices of application of silvicultural system and yield regulation were found in accordance to the scientific forest management Procedures 2014 in Buddha Shanti CFM. The method for thinning applied in the CFM was found applicable to other similar type of forests. Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for Nepal Special Issue No. 4, 2018, Page: 92-97
‘Teach, reduce and discharge’
Authors: Watt Lisa
Published: July 2018

Over the past three decades, the Canadian healthcare system has undergone significant reform and restructuring. As a result, healthcare and healthcare costs are relocated from hospitals to the community (McGregor, 2001). Text-based technology is increasingly used to standardize care and contain healthcare spending. This paper examines an example of a text-based technology used in the School Health Support Services programme for students with diabetes in Ontario, Canada. Using institutional ethnography, the inquiry starts with parents’ concerns regarding the premature termination of nursing care for their children with diabetes at school. The exploration shows how these parents’ concerns are hooked into the institutional work of assessment for service discharge conducted by the Community Care Access Centre (CCAC) care coordinators. The analysis shows how the institutional category of ‘independence’ coordinates the service discharge work of the CCAC care coordinators with that of the nursing work of community nurses at school. The activation of the category of ‘independence’ by the nurses mediates their work, orienting their focus away from providing direct nursing care, and towards transferring primary care to children with diabetes. Children doing diabetes self-care work at school is then written up in nursing texts to stand in for children’s ability to manage diabetes ‘independently’. The textual production of ‘independence’ enables the next institutional course of action, that is, the discharge of children from nursing services at school. In this process, children with diabetes are drawn into doing the discharge work that ultimately serves the cost-containment interests of the institution. This institutional process also functions to obscure important actualities: It obscures how children’s ‘independence’ is co-created on a daily basis with their parents and relies on their parents’ work, and it discounts the significance of children with diabetes coming to their own embodied and emotional readiness for diabetes self-care.
Understanding implementation in complex public organizations – implication for practice
Authors: Høiland Gry Cecilie , Willumsen Elisabeth
Published: July 2018

The effective implementation of politically initiated public service innovations to the front-lines of the public service organization, where the innovation is to be applied, is a challenge that both practitioners and researchers struggle to solve. We highlight the importance of analysing contextual factors at several levels of the implementation system, as well as the importance of considering how the practical everyday work situations of the front-line workers influence their application of the innovation in question. We illustrate this by exploring the implementation process of a specific work inclusion measure, looking at its wider context and some of its implementation outcomes at a specific public agency. The intention is to illustrate the significance of considering the contextual complexity influencing implementation work as a reminder for practitioners to take this into account in their planning and practices.
Upcycling – a new perspective on waste in social innovation
Authors: Wegener Charlotte , Aakjær Marie
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this paper is to introduce ‘upcycling’ – a well-known term within design practice – to the field of social innovation. A mix between ‘upgrading’ (adding value) and ‘recycling’ (reusing) creates the word upcycling, which, in its simplest terms, is the practice of reassessing waste and transforming it into something valuable. In this paper, we ask: How does an upcycle mind-set and practice contribute to situated social innovation?

This conceptual paper seeks to combine insights from the fields of social innovation and co-design with the ideas inherent in upcycling. To ground the theorizing of what we term ‘social upcycling’, four cases are used to illustrate what upcycling practices look like. The cases illustrate the diversity of actors, activities and materiality involved in social upcycling processes. Concluding, the paper outlines a new promising area of social innovation and some practical implications.
Efektivitas Beberapa Jenis Media Tanam dan Frekuensi Penyiraman Pupuk Cair Urine Sapi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Selada (Lactuca sativa L)
Authors: Jansen Welky , Rahman Abdul , Suswati Suswati
Published: July 2018

Penelitian mengenai Efektivitas Beberapa Jenis Media Tanam dan Frekuensi Penyiraman Pupuk Cair Urine Sapi Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Selada (Lactuca sativa L). Penelitian dilakukan di Jalan Air Bersih Kecamatan Sidikalang, Kabupaten Dairi. Penelitian ini menggunakan RAL Faktorial dengan dua faktor yaitu (1) Perlakuan media tanam (M) terdiri dari M0 = 100 % tanah (kontrol negatif), M1 = 100 % pasir, M2 = 100 % arang sekam, M3 = 100 % sabut kelapa, M4 = pasir : arang sekam = 50 % : 50 %, M5 = pasir : sabut kelapa = 50 % : 50 % , M6 = arang sekam : sabut kelapa = 50 % : 50 %, dan M7 = arang sekam : sabut kelapa : pasir = 33,3 % : 33,3 % : 33,3 %. Faktor kedua frekuensi penyiraman pupuk cair urine sapi (B)  yaitu B0 = satu kali aplikasi, B1 = dua kali aplikasi dan B2 = tiga kali aplikasi. Kombinasi perlakuan diulang 3 kali, dalam satu ulangan terdiri dari 24 polibag. Parameter yang diamati terdiri atas persentase hidup, jumlah daun, luas daun, bobot basah panen, bobot basah shoot, bobot kering shoot, bobot basah root, bobot kering root dan efktivitas dari tiap-tiap parameter. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa perlakuan media tanam menunjukkan dan interaksinya pengaruh tidak berbeda nyata untuk semua parameter, sementara  frekuensi penyiraman pupuk cair urine sapi menunjukkan pengaruh sangat nyata untuk semua parameter.
Pemberian Lidah Buaya, Daun Sirih, dan Concentrated Mineral Drops (CMD) Dalam Mempertahankan Kesegaran Bunga Sedap Malam (Polianthes tuberosa L.)
Authors: Hasanatien Mashan , Tantawi Ahmad Rafiqi , Gusmeizal Gusmeizal
Published: July 2018

Percobaan ini dilakukan untuk mencari perlakuan larutan peraga (holding) yang mampu mempertahankan kesegaran bunga sedap malam selama peragaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Medan Area. Bahan yang digunakan adalah bunga sedap malam yang memiliki bunga mekar 1 – 2 kuntum, ekstrak lidah buaya, ekstrak daun sirih, Concentrated Mineral Drops (CMD), serta setiap perlakuan diberi gula sebagai cadangan energi untuk bunga sedap malam selama peragaan dan asam sitrat yang berfungsi menurunkan keasaman (pH) larutan peraga (holding). Alat yang digunaka dalam penelitian ini adalah pisau, blender, ember, botol plastik, timbangan, penggaris panjang, gelas ukur, dan spatula. Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu RAL non faktorial dengan 9 taraf perlakuan larutan peraga. setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 ulangan. Hasil percobaan dianalisis dengan analisis ragam dan uji kontras ortogonal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa larutan peraga yang mendapat perlakuan dari ekstrak lidah buaya, ekstrak daun sirih, CMD, gula, asam sitrat mampu mempertahankan kesegaran bunga sedap malam selama 5 hari. Larutan perlakuan dengan menggunakan ekstrak sirih lebih ekonomis dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya karena pada hari ke-6 peragaan kondisi fisik bunga masih dalam kondisi cukup baik.
Studi Sumber Stek yang Berbeda dan Pemberian Rootone F terhadap Tingkat Keberhasilan Stek Daun Kopi
Authors: Simatupang Bernat , Tantawi Ahmad Rafiqi , Hasibuan Syahbudin
Published: July 2018

Rendahnya produktivitas kopi Indonesia di akibatkan oleh kebun pertanaman yang telah tua serta belum dimanfaatkannya bahan tanam unggul, untuk itu perlu dilakukan kajian tentang penggunaan bibit unggul yang yang relatif mudah dan praktis yaitu dengan cara stek daun.Penelitian tentang Studi Sumber Stek yang berbeda dan pemberian Rootone F Terhadap Tingkat keberhasilan Stek Daun Kopi (Coffea Canephora Pierreex Froehner) telah dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Universitas Medan Area yang dimulai dari bulan Februari sampai dengan april 2013. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sumber stek daun yang berbeda dan Konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh terbaik untuk pertumbuhan setek daun kopi. Percobaan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 12 taraf perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan. Data hasil percobaan ini dianalisis secara statistika dengan uji F pada taraf nyata 5% dan F perlakuan yang berbeda nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjutan jarak Duntcunt ada taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sumbertek yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh yang nyata untuk parameter persentase tumbuh dan persentase hidup, sumber stek bagian ujung lebih baik di banding dengan sumber stek bagian tengah dan bagian pangkal untuk parameter pertentase stek hidup, sedangkan untuk parameter persentase tumbuh menunjukan sumber stek bagian pangkal lebih baik dibanding dengan sumber stek bagian ujung dan bagian tengah.