bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prácticas de crianza y comunicación familiar: una estrategia para la socialización primaria
Authors: Martínez Mejía Daniela , Amaya Builes Daniela , Calle Montoya Paula Andrea
Published: May 2019

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal identificar cómo la comunicación familiar y las prácticas de crianza influyen en la socialización de los niños. Para el desarrollo de la indagación se tuvieron en cuenta tres categorías: prácticas de crianza, comunicación familiar y socialización primaria, las cuales se describen a lo largo del artículo. La metodología que se utilizó fue la investigación cualitativa, desde un enfoque metodológico hermenéutico y con la modalidad del estado del arte, lo que permitió hacer un rastreo relevante de bibliografía relacionada con el tema a tratar. Finalmente, los resultados dan cuenta de la relación que tiene la práctica parental y la comunicación familiar expresadas en un hogar, sobre la manera en la que empieza a relacionarse el niño en su entorno.
Acompañamiento al enfermo crónico o terminal y calidad de vida en familia
Authors: Pino Gómez Karina , Murillo Hurtado Michael , Suárez Bedoya Luisa Fernanda
Published: May 2019

Las enfermedades crónicas o terminales generan afectaciones en quienes las padecen, las familias, los cuidadores y los profesionales en el área de la salud. La identificación de los factores psicosociales, desde el transcurso del padecimiento y hasta el final de la enfermedad, muestran las afectaciones que se viven en las diferentes dimensiones humanas. Indiscutiblemente, elementos como la calidad de vida, las estrategias de afrontamiento, el apoyo a los cuidadores, entre otras, dan forma a la mirada integral que se busca describir durante la presente revisión documental, además de permitir nuevas reflexiones.
Influencia de las relaciones familiares en la primera infancia
Authors: Marín Iral María del Pilar , Quintero Córdoba Paula Andrea , Rivera Gómez Sandra Cristina
Published: May 2019

Las relaciones familiares influyen significativamente en el desarrollo físico y emocional del individuo, al ser la familia una de las principales instituciones de la sociedad. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la influencia de las relaciones familiares en el desa- rrollo de la primera infancia. Para la metodología se utilizó el enfoque cualitativo, desde la perspectiva hermenéutica, bajo la modalidad del estado del arte, por medio de una revisión documental. En los hallazgos encontrados prevalece que la familia es un factor protector influyente durante la primera infancia, y permite la construcción de valores y la instauración de normas; de acuerdo a la calidad del vínculo surgen oportunidades que propician la construcción de sus propias experiencias. Una de las principales con- clusiones es que cada familia es única y construye sus propias dinámicas con base en los límites y normas que allí se establecen, de acuerdo a sus creencias y cultura, que hacen que se diferencie una de otra.
Culpa y responsabilidad: una reflexión desde la tragedia ática
Authors: Cadavid Ramírez Lina Marcela
Published: May 2019

Afirma Paniker (2000) que el milagro griego es la pólis, y modelo de pólis fue Atenas, la ciudad que vio nacer y morir –casi al tiempo– la democracia y la tragedia. El género literario y el modo de gobernar estarán vinculados indefectiblemente en el siglo V a.C., toda vez que los trágicos propiciaron en escena la confrontación con todo comportamiento que impusiera valores individuales sobre los grandes valores de la pólis o con toda acción que desconociera la ciudad como kosmos público que redime o desaprueba al ciudadano (Azparren Giménez, 2004). Al mismo tiempo, Los problemas referentes a la areté del hombre son considerados con extraordinaria fuerza en la época de la tragedia y la democracia atenienses al ponerse en tensión “el desarrollo de la idea griega de la medida considerada como el más alto valor” (Jaeger, 2002, p. 256), en una época en que el ciudadano se verá a sí mismo como participe inevitable de la creación de la norma, una veces con la seguridad de la tutela divina, otras con el desconcierto de estar librando una tarea imposible para su finitud, tarea que dará lugar al sentimiento de estarse oponiendo al destino, a la sociedad o a los dioses, cuestión, sin embargo, que no debe ser confundida por el lector contemporáneo con el despertar de un libre arbitrio en pleno siglo V a.C.
Structure and nature of alternative sources of electricity supply to households in Nigeria
Authors: Omolade Adeleke , Nwosa Philip , Amassoma Ditimi
Published: May 2019

The study examined the nature and structure of alternative supply of electricity in Nigeria. It has been observed that all the efforts of the Nigerian government to improve electricity supply and promote access to electricity have been proving abortive and households at various levels are confronted with the challenge of searching for alternative supply of electricity. Also, state government and some private organizations are interested in solving this challenge, but they lack appropriate empirically grounded information on the choice of alternative source of electricity. The study, which is a pure exploratory one, used primary data through well-structured questionnaire from a sample of 4,758 households across 16 local governments in Ekiti State of Nigeria. Applying descriptive statistics, the strengths and weaknesses of various alternative sources of electricity supply among households were analyzed. The results indicate that rechargeable appliances, electricity generating set, inverter and solar/inverter are the four major types of alternative sources of electricity supply common among the households. It was also revealed that out of all the positive ratings such as regularity in supply, ease of maintenance and capacity, solar powered source of alternative electricity supply appears to be the best. The only rating that is unfavorable to the solar type of alternative sources of electricity supply is in the area of affordability. Government and interested private organizations should embark on establishment of solar powered stations for some communities or distribution of solar panels and inverters at subsidized rate to households to improve their socio-economic well-being.
Role of Education in Inter-Caste Marriages of Women from Scheduled Castes in India
Authors: Medhe Ravindra
Published: May 2019

Scheduled Castes (SC) is a group of deprived castes in India. Traditionally, people belongs to these castes are socio-economically exploited and untouchables. The present study analyses the role of education in decision of inter-caste marriages for social cohesion. The relationship between education of bride, parents and parents-in-law with number of inter-caste marriages was calculated using data compiled by India Human Development Survey (2011). The study shows no direct and robust relationship between education and inter-caste marriages. Educated brides lead for inter-caste marriages and educated parents support in this decision, but negative relationship was observed for education of parents-in-law with number of inter-caste marriages. Educated parents-in-law show no acceptance for inter-caste marriages of their shoots. The freedom of choice to bride show key role in formation of inter-case marriages which shows wide state-to-state variations. Education improves the capabilities of a person to deicide their own. Therefore, we have large scope to create bases for inter-caste marriages and social change through enlightenment and education.
A Narrative Review of the Prevalence of Periodontitis in Saudi Arabia: A Proposal for a National Oral Health Research Agenda for Vision 2030
Authors: Alshammari Abdulsalam K.S. , Wahi Monika M.
Published: May 2019

Objective:

The objective of this narrative review is to summarize the current knowledge on the prevalence of periodontitis in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and to make recommendations for monitoring and improving oral health in the KSA population.

Background:

Periodontitis is a significant health issue in the general population, so conducting routine public health surveillance for this condition is important in every country. KSA is currently implementing a strategic plan called Vision 2030 which aims to improve many of the country’s infrastructures, including healthcare.

Methods:

To conduct this narrative review, Google Scholar (GS) was used to search for peer-reviewed articles on the prevalence of periodontitis in KSA. No limits were placed on the year of publication, but only articles translated into English were considered. Search terms used included “Saudi Arabia”, “periodontitis”, “surveillance”, “prevalence”, “rates”, “oral health” and “dental”.

Results:

The earliest estimate identified was from 1992, in which the rate of lack of periodontal health was estimated to be 90% in KSA residents aged 25 and over. A more recent estimate reported rates around 50%, but used a different case definition. Studies on tobacco use, periodontal health and KSA established that how tobacco is used strongly influences periodontal status. Other dental studies in KSA focus on other topics. The Saudi Health Information Survey (SHIS) conducted in 2013 asked oral health questions, but did not seek to estimate the rates of periodontitis in KSA.

Conclusion:

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommendations suggest that KSA should conduct research to develop surveillance case definitions of periodontitis that will have specific utility in KSA, and can be standardized to compare KSA rates with the rates worldwide. The existing surveillance definitions and efforts in other countries have been considered less than optimal, so research is needed to inform KSA’s effort. Recommendations are made for a national oral health research agenda in KSA under Vision 2030.
ESTIMATION OF QUALITY OF DRIFTING MODELS OF BASIC STRUCTURES OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Nazarevich S. A. , Balashov V. M. , Gulevitskiy A. U. , Chabanenko A. V.
Published: May 2019

In the era of the transition processes associated with the change of technological structures, the growth of the intensity of information support for new products, and the growing threats of unauthorized copying of the results of intellectual activity, the problem of assessing the technical and consumer novelty of experimental products remains relevant. Solving the problems of assessing the significant changes (drift) of requirements to the consumer parameters of new products or the introduction of new functional capabilities into the technological processes of innovative enterprises creates a core competitive advantage - technical and consumer novelty. In order to complement existing methods and approaches to the problem posed, in this article we present models of functionally necessary and functionally sufficient structures that differ on the basis of the basic structures represented by the point of a multidimensional space of functionally significant parameters that take into account existing limitations imposed by the level of development of scientific and technological progress and the evolution of the social environment, allow to exert control effects on the drift functionally significant parameters at any stage of the life cycle of innovation, subject to the use of specialized Total Quality Management tools.
ENSURING OF CONTROL VERACITY OF BLOCK-MODULAR ELECTRONICS BASED ON A FUNCTIONALLY COMPLETE AUTOMATED SYSTEM
Authors: Korshunov G. I. , Pritz V. A. , Frolova E. A. , Chupisov A. E.
Published: May 2019

It is shown that quality assurance of block-modular electronic systems is achieved on the basis of reliability of control. It is necessary to provide control and diagnostics in full at all stages of the life cycle in the practice of developing and manufacturing programmable block-modular controllers. New results on the creation of the necessary means for automated control systems of serial-capable controllers are presented. Such systems can be used in preliminary and acceptance tests, as well as during adjustment in the production process. The algorithmic, software and hardware of the automated control system have been developed for functionally complete sets of modules (electronic panels). The development is performed for controllers in the tasks of the electric drive and can be used in other applications. The features of structural and circuit solutions and the layout of an automated control system are given.
RESEARCH OF CHARACTERISTICS OF NOISE IMMUNITY WITH USE OF ORTHOGONAL CODING
Authors: Rabin A. V. , Dobroselskij M. A. , Lipatnikov V. A.
Published: May 2019

In the digital communication systems for noise immunity's increase with the fixed code rate it is proposed to use an additional orthogonal coding developed by the authors. It is an analogue of convolutional coding over the rational numbers' field. Transmission of digital signals in Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and fading channels is considered including a joint use of the orthogonal and correcting codes (block and convolutional). It is shown that losses in signal-to-noise ratio can be significantly reduced by use of orthogonal coding. By increase of matrices' order, on which basis orthogonal codes are constructed, the coding gain grows also. By use of the proposed by the authors orthogonal coding the required quality of communication is implemented with a smaller energy cost. The significant coding gain (up to 6,4 dB in the channels with the AWGN, up to 22,74 dB in the fading channels) provided by more effective use of energy of transmitted signals is reached without increase in complexity and cost of transmitting/receiving devices.
INCREASING OF SECURITY DURING INFORMATION TRANSFERING AT PSYCICAL LEVEL
Authors: Makarova O. S.
Published: May 2019

The need and the urgency of the task of ensuring the safe transfer of information relevant to the security of the country is obvious in view of its particular importance. In the study of data protection for this kind of data, it was revealed that the most optimal and effective is the development of a hardware and software complex that identifies potential attacks aimed at data transmission systems at the physical level, and also implements an attack prediction technique that is more accurate and takes into consideration the random component of this process. The theory of the coherent lower previsions theory of Peter Walley laid the basis of the technique for predicting attacks. The implemented equipment is designed for testing communication channels at the physical level. A special feature of this device is automatic monitoring of both the output parameters of the device itself and the parameters of the communication line for compliance with regulatory and technical requirements. After a formalized statement of the problem and information about the initial data, a measurement of the accuracy of the forecasting model is made by means of the Fisher criterion. The results of the implementation showed that the number of prevented attacks as a result of the implementation of the developed software complex has increased.
UNIT FOR MONITORING OF OPERABILITY OF FXS CHANNELS OF A DIGITAL AUTOMATIC TELEPHONE EXCHANGE
Authors: Aladyev Yu. Yu. , Gordienko A. G. , Lukin D. V. , Romanihin R. Yu.
Published: May 2019

In some cases, digital automatic telephone exchanges (DATE) require objective monitoring of the correctness of switching, which is quite a challenge when using conventional telephone channels with a two‑wire termination (FXS lines). The article describes the features of the operation and circuit implementation of the control unit for monitoring telephone channel of the DATE. The main idea of the proposed implementation is the use of test signals of frequency dialing for testing the correctness of addressing and as a source of controlled sound. The control unit consists of two keys and a high‑pass filter used to generate frequency dialing, as well as of a key to pick up the receiver. Testing of the FXS channel is performed in four stages, and its total duration can be less than 1 s. The layout of the control unit successfully passed verification tests.
PERSPECTIVES OF DIGITAL PROCESSING FACILITIES CONSTRUCTION FOR SYSTEMS OF OVER-THE-HORIZON RADAR ON BASIS OF GRIFON HARDWARE PLATFORM
Authors: Alekseev G. G. , Alekseeva E. A. , Galagan P. V. , Sorokin A. P. , Sorokin S. A.
Published: May 2019

The ways of improving and the principles of constructing specialized computers that provide control and signal processing in mobile and stationary over‑the‑horizon radar systems are discussed in the article. A brief review of the history of the development of over‑the‑horizon radar is presented. Potential capabilities of the equipment are considered, demonstrating the prospects of creating specialized computers based on the Gryphon hardware platform with high parameters and minimal mass‑size characteristics. The structure and principles of constructing the mathematical support of specialized computers are described in details. Algorithms are proposed that provide an increase in the efficiency of signal processing, taking into account the structure of electromagnetic fields formed during the propagation of waves in the ionosphere. The comparative characteristics of the proposed algorithms that can be used to optimize signal processing and digital equipment volumes are given.
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS PRODUCTION MODELING AND PRODUCT QUALITY ASSURANCE
Authors: Petrushevskaya A. A.
Published: May 2019

The introduction of elements of the concept of digital production is especially important in enterprises manufacturing electronic products that are in demand in all spheres of human activity. To create new objects representing the digital production concept, it is necessary to introduce technological innovations in the production of electronics. This is achieved by solving actual analyzing problems system properties means of production and ensuring product quality. Therefore, the article purpose is to ensure the quality of electronic products based on models and methods for analyzing the means and processes of electronic production. To achieve the goal, the digital production development in a structural framework, functional and informational description are considered. The results of the simulation stages of the production life cycle allowed us to estimate the achieved product quality level while improving the subsystems of automatic installation of printed circuit boards.
FEATURES OF INTERACTION OF CORPORATE ACCELERATORS (SMALL INNOVATIVE ENTERPRISES) AND START-UPS FOR THEIR DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Ponomarev V. A. , Petrov M. V.
Published: May 2019

Development of small innovative enterprises (SIE) and promotion of start-ups is an urgent problem in the country's economy. On the example of SIE, modern tendencies and prospects of mutually beneficial assistance to startup promotion by SIE are considered. The way of long-term development of SIEs has been analyzed at the expense of R & D services starting from preliminary studies by start-ups and contract production for new projects (start-ups). The interconnected approaches in this direction are defined: long-term and mutual benefit. For the successful implementation of start-ups, a system for their development (the system of innovative business) is proposed, its elements are listed, as well as the management body-the corporate accelerator (innovation center). Elements of the innovative business system and the position of the state in the system of acceleration are considered. As a criterion for the effectiveness of the system of accelerating startups and startups themselves, it is suggested to estimate them in addition to the volume of sales of innovative products also in terms of the volume of cooperation. The need to adjust corporate policy to small, medium and large enterprises for long-term innovative development has been clarified. Enterprises can act as corporate accelerators. The experience of building mutually beneficial cooperation between the corporate accelerator of the innovation center in Aerofon LLC and start-ups can be useful for creating an accelerated system with state participation.
Aporte de mantillo y nutrientes en ecosistema semiárido de Brasil (Caatinga) bajo sistemas silvícolas
Authors: Lucena Marcelo Silva de , Alves Allyson Rocha , Bakke Ivonete Alves
Published: May 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar el efecto de sistemas silvícolas y de los usos del suelo sobre la acumulación de mantillo y su relación con la recirculación de nutrientes al suelo, en dos áreas del bioma Caatinga, en la zona semiárida de Brasil. La primera se encuentra en la estación ecológica del Seridó; la segunda, en la hacienda Pedro Cândido. El mantillo se recolectó en los períodos lluvioso y seco, con ayuda de una trampa de 0.25 m2, con 16 repeticiones en cada área (cuatro repeticiones por sistema silvícola). El mantillo recolectado se separó en las fracciones: ramas, hojas + estructuras reproductivas y miscelánea; los valores obtenidos para cada fracción se sometieron al análisis de varianza, bajo un diseño experimental de bloques al azar. Para el análisis químico del mantillo, se analizaron muestras compuestas por las cuatro repeticiones de cada fracción referente a cada sistema silvícola, en los dos períodos. En ambos períodos, en la estación ecológica del Seridó hubo 1570 kg ha-1 y 1890 kg ha-1 de mantillo y 44.18 kg ha-1 y 59.05 kg ha-1 de nutrientes devueltos al suelo, respectivamente. En la hacienda Pedro Castillo, en ambos períodos, hubo 2320 kg ha-1 y 2290 kg ha-1 de mantillo y 55.86 kg ha-1 y 61.98 kg ha-1 de nutrientes devueltos al suelo, respectivamente. El mayor aporte de mantillo en la hacienda Pedro Castillo se debió a la mayor cantidad de ramas, pero esto no resultó en un mejor aporte de nutrientes. Después de 27 años de las intervenciones, no hubo influencia de los sistemas silvícolas sobre las fracciones y cantidad de nutrientes.
Modelización de biomasa forestal aérea mediante técnicas deterministas y estocásticas
Authors: Reyes-Cárdenas Oscar , Treviño-Garza Eduardo Javier , Jiménez-Pérez Javier , Aguirre-Calderón Oscar Alberto , Cuéllar-Rodríguez Luis Gerardo , Flores-Garnica José Germán , Cárdenas-Tristán Abraham
Published: May 2019

Mediante la estimación de la biomasa forestal es posible determinar la cantidad de recursos forestales existentes en un determinado territorio, sin embargo, este es un proceso costoso y que consume gran cantidad de tiempo. Por ello, el objetivo del presente estudio fue modelar la biomasa arbórea aérea de un ecosistema forestal ubicado en la región centro sur del estado de San Luis Potosí. Para definir este proceso se compararon métodos determinísticos (distancia inversa ponderada) y estocásticos (kriging y cokriging), con los que se determinó la biomasa forestal con base en datos de campo y espectrales. Los datos de campo correspondieron a 50 conglomerados del Inventario Nacional Forestal y de Suelos, a partir de los cuales se calculó la biomasa mediante el empleo de ecuaciones alométricas. Los datos espectrales (NDVI tradicional -bandas roja e infrarroja del espectro electromagnético) se derivaron de una imagen Landsat 5TM del año 2009. Con los resultados del cálculo de la biomasa y del NDVI, se probaron semivariogramas y variogramas cruzados con los modelos esférico, exponencial y gausiano para analizar el que resultara en el mejor ajuste. Posteriormente, se seleccionó el modelo exponencial derivado de la técnica cokriging, con base en el cual se obtuvo un valor de la raíz cuadrada del error cuadrático medio de 32.01 Mg ha-1. Finalmente, con base en el modelo seleccionado, se generó un mapa de la distribución de la biomasa aérea, en el cual se presentan resultados que van de 0.85 Mg ha-1 a 157 Mg ha-1.
Modelos matemáticos para la determinación del turno óptimo en plantaciones forestales
Authors: Guera Ouorou Ganni Mariel , Silva José Antônio Aleixo da , Ferreira Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo , Álvarez Lazo Daniel , Barrero Medel Héctor
Published: May 2019

En el presente trabajo se proponen procedimientos de determinación de los turnos técnicos, económicos y técnico-económicos en plantaciones forestales. Se procedió a la determinación de los criterios clásicos de máxima productividad: incremento medio anual y máximo valor esperado de la tierra. Para la determinación de los turnos, además de utilizar las herramientas analíticas (por ajuste de modelos de crecimiento forestal) y gráficas convencionalmente utilizadas, se propusieron modelos de programación matemática: el modelo R-01 basado en la programación lineal entera, para la determinación de los turnos monocriterios, y los modelos R-02 y R-03 basados en la programación por metas ponderada entera y en la programación por metas lexicográficas entera, respectivamente, para la determinación del turno con múltiples objetivos. La validez de los modelos propuestos fue verificada a través de la consistencia y realismo biológico de las edades de rotación técnicas, económicas y técnico-económicas determinadas por índice de sitio en plantaciones de Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea Barr. & Golf. de la empresa Macurije. Los turnos técnicamente óptimos variaron entre 31 años y 35 años según la calidad del sitio y los turnos económicamente óptimos entre 18 años y 21 años. Se percibió que los turnos técnico-económicos son altamente influenciados por el criterio de mayor importancia, tanto en el enfoque de metas ponderadas como en el de metas lexicográficas. Los resultados encontrados para el Pinus caribaea var. caribaea con esos enfoques indicaron turnos intermedios entre los técnicos y los económicos, variando estos entre 23 años y 25 años.
Atributos de las especies arbóreas y su carbono almacenado en la vegetación del municipio de Querétaro, México
Authors: Soto-Correa José Carmen , Cambrón-Sandoval Víctor Hugo , Renaud-Rangel Rebeca
Published: May 2019

Se describen atributos de especies arbustivas y arbóreas, componentes del bosque tropical caducifolio dentro del Municipio de Querétaro, Querétaro. Se utilizó un muestreo aleatorio de 36 sitios de vegetación natural con criterios de exclusión. Para cada sitio se delimitó un cuadrante de 25 m × 25 m. Dentro del cuadrante se identificaron y evaluaron el total de especies arbóreas y arbustivas mayores a 150 cm de altura, excluyendo especies de cactáceas y suculentas. Se evaluaron atributos de los árboles como: diámetro basal, diámetro a la altura del pecho, altura total del árbol, altura de la copa, diámetro de copa y se estimó la capacidad de captura de carbono por especie considerando las variables climáticas del sitio donde crecen. Se observaron 22 especies de arbustos y árboles dentro las que destacan por su abundancia: Acacia schaffneri, Bursera fagaroides, Forestiera phillyreoides, Karwinskia humboldtiana, Dodonaea viscosa e Ipomea murucoides, mientras las que presentan mayor potencial de almacenar carbono son: Prosopis laevigata y Leucaena leucocephala; en contraparte, las menos abundantes fueron: Randia thurberi y Erytrina coralloides. Estos resultados son indispensables para el desarrollo y diseño de propuestas de conservación y reforestación del bosque tropical caducifolio.
Hospital-Based Back Surgery: Geospatial-Temporal, Explanatory, and Predictive Models (Preprint)
Authors: Fulton Lawrence , Kruse Clemens Scott
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND

Hospital-based back surgery in the United States increased by 60% from January 2012 to December 2017, yet the supply of neurosurgeons remained relatively constant. During this time, adult obesity grew by 5%.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the demand and associated costs for hospital-based back surgery by geolocation over time to evaluate provider practice variation. The study then leveraged hierarchical time series to generate tight demand forecasts on an unobserved test set. Finally, explanatory financial, technical, workload, geographical, and temporal factors as well as state-level obesity rates were investigated as predictors for the demand for hospital-based back surgery.

METHODS

Hospital data from January 2012 to December 2017 were used to generate geospatial-temporal maps and a video of the Current Procedural Terminology codes beginning with the digit 63 claims. Hierarchical time series modeling provided forecasts for each state, the census regions, and the nation for an unobserved test set and then again for the out-years of 2018 and 2019. Stepwise regression, lasso regression, ridge regression, elastic net, and gradient-boosted random forests were built on a training set and evaluated on a test set to evaluate variables important to explaining the demand for hospital-based back surgery.

RESULTS

Widespread, unexplained practice variation over time was seen using geographical information systems (GIS) multimedia mapping. Hierarchical time series provided accurate forecasts on a blind dataset and suggested a 6.52% (from 497,325 procedures in 2017 to 529,777 in 2018) growth of hospital-based back surgery in 2018 (529,777 and up to 13.00% by 2019 [from 497,325 procedures in 2017 to 563,023 procedures in 2019]). The increase in payments by 2019 are estimated to be US $323.9 million. Extreme gradient-boosted random forests beat constrained and unconstrained regression models on a 20% unobserved test set and suggested that obesity is one of the most important factors in explaining the increase in demand for hospital-based back surgery.

CONCLUSIONS

Practice variation and obesity are factors to consider when estimating demand for hospital-based back surgery. Federal, state, and local planners should evaluate demand-side and supply-side interventions for this emerging problem.
Media Reports as a Source for Monitoring Impact of Influenza on Hospital Care: Qualitative Content Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Reukers Daphne FM , Marbus Sierk D , Smit Hella , Schneeberger Peter , Donker Gé , van der Hoek Wim , van Gageldonk-Lafeber Arianne B
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND

The Netherlands, like most European countries, has a robust influenza surveillance system in primary care. However, there is a lack of real-time nationally representative data on hospital admissions for complications of influenza. Anecdotal information about hospital capacity problems during influenza epidemics can, therefore, not be substantiated.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to assess whether media reports could provide relevant information for estimating the impact of influenza on hospital capacity, in the absence of hospital surveillance data.

METHODS

Dutch news articles on influenza in hospitals during the influenza season (week 40 of 2017 until week 20 of 2018) were searched in a Web-based media monitoring program (Coosto). Trends in the number of weekly articles were compared with trends in 5 different influenza surveillance systems. A content analysis was performed on a selection of news articles, and information on the hospital, department, problem, and preventive or response measures was collected.

RESULTS

The trend in weekly news articles correlated significantly with the trends in all 5 surveillance systems, including severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) surveillance. However, the peak in all 5 surveillance systems preceded the peak in news articles. Content analysis showed hospitals (N=69) had major capacity problems (46/69, 67%), resulting in admission stops (9/46, 20%), postponement of nonurgent surgical procedures (29/46, 63%), or both (8/46, 17%). Only few hospitals reported the use of point-of-care testing (5/69, 7%) or a separate influenza ward (3/69, 4%) to accelerate clinical management, but most resorted to ad hoc crisis management (34/69, 49%).

CONCLUSIONS

Media reports showed that the 2017/2018 influenza epidemic caused serious problems in hospitals throughout the country. However, because of the time lag in media reporting, it is not a suitable alternative for near real-time SARI surveillance. A robust SARI surveillance program is important to inform decision making.
A Study on the Attainment of Regional Peace: Insinuation of Johan Galtung’s Philosophy of Peace in Southeast Asian Countries
Authors: Husain Taha
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study is to scrutinize the insinuation of Galtung’s “positive” and “negative” peace in southeast Asian countries. Applying the qualitative research methodology and a case study approach, this study finds a relation of Galtung’s’ peace theory and peaceful coexistence in contemporary Southeast Asian nations. This study reveals that the southeast Asian nation-states beneath the authority of ASEAN’s regionalism have efficaciously been managed its negative peace since the 1970s. The execution of positive peace, on the other hand, had instigated with the enactment of treaty, accord and agreement since the 1980s. This regional organization has taken numerous strategies, which contributes to speed up its economy, improve social lifespan and develop a culture of peace in this area. The zone which was once well-known for its mutual confrontation, hostility and conflict, has now converted diplomatic. Its non-coercive approaches, soft diplomacy and, nuclear nonproliferation has now turned into a pioneer characteristic for the conflict-prone regions of the world.
SIMPLE AND RAPID HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS QUANTIFICATION OF LEVODOPA AND CARBIDOPA IN A FAST DISINTEGRATING TABLET FORMULATION
Authors: Alipour Shohreh , ASEF MAHSA , AHMADI FATEMEH
Published: May 2019

Objective: Fast disintegrating tablets (FDTs) are found helpful in dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing) especially in Parkinson patients. Levodopa is still the first choice in Parkinson disease treatment and is co-administered by carbidopa for better efficacy.

Methods: In the present study, a rapid and simple isocratic Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of levodopa and carbidopa in optimized Fast Disintegrating Tablets (FDTs). The linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method were determined. FDTs were prepared using direct compression, dry and wet granulation and were optimized for faster disintegration time. Tablets thickness, weight, hardness, friability, drug content and dissolution profile were also evaluated.

Results: A RP-HPLC system with C18 column and mobile phase 90:10 (v/v) phosphate buffer: methanol was used. The method linearity was found to be within the concentration range of 3.125-50 μg/ml for levodopa, and 3.125-25 μg/ml for carbidopa. The intra and inter-day precision and accuracy were acceptable. LOD and LOQ of levodopa-carbidopa were 0.2-0.8 μg/ml and 0.5-2.4 μg/ml, respectively. The total chromatographic run time was 5 min. The optimized FDTs hardness was 3.81±0.4 and tablets were disintegrated within 30 sec. Levodopa and carbidopa were dissolved in dissolution media within 5 min.

Conclusion: Results indicated that this method was suitable for simultaneous quantification of levodopa and carbidopa in the presence of different ingredients of a pharmaceutical solid dosage form. Therefore, this method could be applied in pharmaceutical quality control for rapid quantification of structurally similar substances with different physicochemical properties.
FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF PIROXICAM CONVENTIONAL AND HOLLOW SUPPOSITORIES
Authors: Alwan Laila Abduk Hussein , Al.akkam Antidhar Jasim
Published: May 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop higher and rapid release of piroxicam from suppositories of different types (conventional and hallow) using different bases.

Methods: Thirteen formulas (F1–F13) were prepared (five conventional and the rest were hollow type suppositories) by using different bases such as witepsol H35, polyethylene glycols (PEGs) with different ratio and glycerinated gelatin. The prepared suppositories were evaluated for physical properties such as hardness, melting time, softening time and for dissolution profiles.

Results: All of the prepared suppositories had acceptable physical properties. The maximum percent release of piroxicam was 98%, 97%, 95% and 91% within 50 min were obtained from hollow type suppositories containing piroxicam in a solution form and utilizing witepsol H35 base (F10), glycerinated gelatin base (F13), PEGs 400:4000 (70:30) (F12) and PEGs 200:6000 (70:30) (F11), respectively. Also, they exhibited rapid release of piroxicam however, F10 and F12 released 65% and 50% of piroxicam within 5 min while, F11 released 57% within 10 min.

Conclusion: Hollow type suppositories containing piroxicam in a solution form can be considered as the most suitable formulas (F10–F13). So that, the hollow-type suppository is useful as a promising approach for enhancing the release of piroxicam to be administered rectally. Also, the study revealed that in addition to the type of suppositories, the type of the base, the grade and the ratio of PEGs bases are other important factors affecting the physical properties of suppositories and the dissolution profile of piroxicam.
ANALYSIS OF APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF SOME ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS FROM THE GROUP OF CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS IN DRUGS AND BIOLOGICAL LIQUIDS
Authors: Logoyda Liliya
Published: May 2019

Calcium channel blockers prevent calcium from entering cells of the heart and blood vessel walls, resulting in lower blood pressure. Calcium channel blockers, also called calcium antagonists, relax and widen blood vessels by affecting the muscle cells in the arterial walls. Physico-chemical analysis methods are increasingly being introduced into fundamental pharmaceutical research and pharmaceutical analysis practice, taking into account their high sensitivity, accuracy, specificity and expressiveness. Analytical method development is increasingly being introduced into fundamental pharmaceutical research and pharmaceutical analysis practice, taking into account their high sensitivity, accuracy, specificity and expressiveness. Search criteria was analytical method development for medicines from group of calcium channel blockers. Literature survey has been done in range of years 1990-2018 to make the review updated and comprehensive and to show the new approacheches to the development of the methods of analysis of calcium channel blockers. The sources were  world recognized journals and key words used as filter were calcium channel blockers, amlodipine, nifedipine, verapamil, validation, method development, spectrophotometry, HPLC,  UHPLC. Chromatographic methods of analysis amongst others have the greatest specificity and objectivity and allow for qualitative and quantitative determination of API in combinated dosage forms and biological fluids without prior separation of the components. We can conclude that analysts are constantly working on developing new methods of analysis and their optimization in order to save time and consumables, which also ensures the efficiency of the developed method. The main disadvantage of the described methods of API analysis can be considered long term from the beginning of chromatography to API release and specific solvents used as the mobile phase in HPLC. It is necessary to develop methods and to select such chromatographic conditions that will provide high speed and high efficiency at lower pressure of the system. This reduces the amount of used mobile phase, which reduces cost analysis accordingly, while at the same time providing the necessary specificity, accuracy and reproducibility of the results of the analysis during quality control. Also, the reduction of analysis time is achieved by simplifying the conditions for sample preparation.
Figuras de lo dominicano
Authors: Ferrán B Fernando I
Published: May 2019

Este texto muestra la determinación de lo dominicano, la cual implica al mismo tiempo reconocer la autopercepción subjetiva que de ello se tiene y explicitar objetivamente sus componentes.
Los principales trabajos científicos del presente siglo ; consideraciones metodológicas
Authors: Albaine Pons José Ramón
Published: May 2019

Este texto muestra los principales trabajos científicos del presente siglo en la revista Science 84, la cuál es un órgano de difusión popular de alto nivel científico de la Asociación Americana para el Avance de las Ciencias. Esta revista cumple cinco años de aparición y, como celebración pública, lo que considera son los veinte descubrimientos o investigaciones realizadas en el presente siglo que más han incidido en el cambio de vida experimentado en nuestro siglo veinte.
Mujer y política
Authors: Cordero Margarita
Published: May 2019

Este texto evalúa los innumerosos estudios producidos durante los últimos doce años, los cuales dan cuenta de la multiplicidad de factores que intervienen para diseñar un cuadro que ciertamente resulta deprimente: las mujeres, en este país como en los de la mayoría del mundo, están ausentes de las esferas de decisión y del poder. Es por esto que el Estado Dominicano, por definición y vocación, se adscribe a la democracia. Esto implica que debe propiciar la participación ciudadana, pero para que ello se produzca el gobierno y las organizaciones políticas y sociales deben motivar a todas las personas a incorporarse a sus actividades.
¿Somos la mitad del cielo?
Authors: Hernández Angela
Published: May 2019

Este texto muestra el discurso de Angela Hernandez donde comparte reflexiones en torno a lo que sería ubicado como una de las innúmmeras vertientes que tal temática abarca.
Mujer, medio ambiente y sociedad
Authors: Arias Adalgisa
Published: May 2019

Este texto analiza la situación específica de la mujer, la cual ha variado a través de la historia. No ha sido la misma en todos los regímenes socioecónomicos y políticos que han existido hasta el día de hoy. La mujer ha cambiado de estatus desde la horda de cazadores y de recolectores hasta las sociedades occidentales y socialistas contemporáneas.
The World Financial Crisis and The Polish Economy
Authors: Adamowicz Mieczysław , Adamowicz Tomasz
Published: May 2019

The subject of the work is to provide an overview of the global financial crisis in the years 2007-2011; its course, symptoms and effects in the world and in Poland. The work presents the causes and the sources of crisis as well as corrective measures taken by governments and financial institutions. The subject literature and information from different national and international financial institutions and organisations were used as a source of research materials and data for analysis. The financial crisis appeared in Poland with some delay and was less intensive than in other developed countries. Anti-crisis measures taken in Poland complied with the recommendations of the European Union and the International Monetary Fund. The measures taken by the Polish central bank concerned the institutional sphere, the manner in which the financial policy worked and how it was pursued, as well as the real sphere of the economy, including especially enterprises, households and public institutions.
Lise Son Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Hizmet Mesleğine İlişkin Görüşleri
Authors: DEMİRBİLEK Melahat , ŞENOL Tanış , TUTAK Melike , HOŞÇA Enes , YILDIRIM Adem , ŞAHİN Özlem
Published: May 2019

Amaç: Lise son sınıf öğrencilerinin sosyal hizmet mesle-ğiyle ilgili görüşlerinin belirlenmesidir. Yöntem: Çalışma Ankara’da bulunan altı lisede 450 (301 kız, 149 erkek) son sınıf öğrencisi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde frekans dağılımı (f) ve ki- kare (χ2) analizleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin yarıdan fazlasının (%62,4) sosyal hizmet mesleği ile ilgili bilgisi yoktur. Büyük bölümünün (%94,7) okullarında meslek tanıtılmamıştır. Yarıdan fazlası (%59,6) mesleğin toplumdaki imajını düşük bulmaktadır. Bü-yük bölümü (%69,8) üniversiteye giriş sınavında sosyal hizmeti tercih etmeyi düşünmemektedir. Tercih etmeme nedenleri ara-sında ilk sırada mesleğin toplumda değerinin anlaşılamamış olması yer almaktadır. Sonuç: Mesleğin tanıtıldığı okullardaki öğrenciler, mesleğin toplumdaki imajının yüksek olduğunu düşünenler üniversiteye giriş sınavında bölümü tercih etme eğilimindedirler. Öneri: Liselerde mesleği tanıtıcı etkinliklerin düzenlenmesi, mesleğin toplumdaki imajını yükseltici çalışma-lar yapılması önemli görülmektedir.
Conocimiento jurídico e intervención profesional
Authors: Alvarez Luciana
Published: May 2019

El presente trabajo constituye una reflexión situada en relación a los modos en que se produce conocimiento científico actualmente en el campo del derecho, al menos en Argentina. A partir de explicitar una serie de supuestos que nos permiten caracterizar cómo comprendemos la actividad científica, y sus particularidades en el campo jurídico, en el que se reconoce un amplio predominio de investigaciones de tipo profesional, nos ocupamos de mostrar problemas epistemológicos y metodológicos de algunas investigaciones jurídicas que tienen como objeto promover modificaciones normativas.
La UCRI y la UCRP en la Cámara de Diputados de la Nación
Authors: Castronuovo Sabrina
Published: May 2019

Si bien existen algunos trabajos que han tratado la historia de la UCR y abarcan el período frondicista, dichos análisis conforman parte de investigaciones de una temporalidad más amplia. A su vez, la bibliografía que trata la división de la UCR y las posteriores interacciones entre la UCRI y UCRP corresponde mayormente a estudios del siglo pasado. Tampoco existen estudios específicos que aborden dicha relación desde la óptica particular de la problemática de la persecución y encarcelamiento político ocurrido durante el frondicismo. Sin embargo, si nos adentramos en los debates de la Cámara de Diputados en aquellos años, nos encontramos con que ésta temática ha sido un punto de acaloradas discusiones entre el oficialismo y el radicalismo disidente.

El presente trabajo pretende ser una primera aproximación a la reflexión sobre los debates que tuvieron lugar en la Cámara de Diputados de la Nación en el período 1958-1961 respecto del rol del gobierno en la represión política.

Enfatizaremos en las discusiones acaecidas en el marco de la Comisión Investigadora de Supuestos Apremios Ilegales creada en dicha Cámara con el fin de tratar la problemática de las detenciones y encarcelamientos de la militancia opuesta al gobierno. Así, trataremos dos objetivos principales: en primer lugar, visualizar las discusiones en torno a la figura del perseguido y preso político durante el frondicismo dentro de la Cámara; en segundo término, reflexionar sobre el uso político de tal problemática en un contexto de tensiones inter partidarias entre los dos partidos políticos legales más poderosos del país