bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial
Authors: Bergstrom Kelly , Carter Marcus
Published: August 2018

This special issue in the Journal of Virtual Worlds Research highlights the ways that EVE scholarship has matured. A sub-discipline within a sub-discipline, writing about EVE no longer focuses just on what makes this particular MMOG so different to the more mainstream online games and virtual worlds, but now describes in fascinating depth the elements of this virtual world that have taken 15 years of play to develop. As guest editors, we are excited to share this collection as these five articles exemplify the contributions that EVE Online scholarship will continue to make long into the future.
Editorial
Authors: Cox Angie Marie , Donovan Edgardo , Feng Miao , Nunes Felipe
Published: August 2018

This issue includes five exciting research studies covering a broad and diverse array of topic areas but still focuses on the enhancement of knowledge in the realm of Virtual Worlds. In essence, the name of the issue ‘Assembled,’ defines the wide spectrum of professionally peer-reviewed articles inspired by subject matter experts in their respective fields. The five elite manuscripts chosen for this issue provide significant contributions to Virtual World research in terms of theory, methodology, and practice.
Managing Editor’s Corner: Celebrating Four Years and Planning for the Next
Authors: Sivan Yesha Y.
Published: August 2018

With this issue JVWR celebrates its fourth year. During these years, we have matured to be the prime source of research in our emerging domain. Earlier this month (Dec. 2011), we celebrated, for the first time, by hosting a JVWR workshop at the International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS 2011 Shanghai, China. This issue takes an historical perspective. In many ways, this issue is a direct decedent of Volume 2, Number 3 - Technology, Economy and Standards in Virtual Worlds. The latter has drawn a vision, this one reports on the outcomes. On this note of moving from vision to reality, I wanted to wish us all happy new 2012.
A Cross-Case Analysis of Possible Facial Emotion Extraction Methods that Could Be Used in Second Life - Pre Experimental Work
Authors: Kamberi Shahnaz
Published: August 2018

This research-in-brief compares – based on documentation and web sites information -- findings of three different facial emotion extraction methods and puts forward possibilities of implementing the methods to Second Life. The motivation for the research stemmed from a literature review which indicated that current virtual communication tools did not satisfy users. The review showed that people preferred real-life like communication in virtual environments due to higher immersion and better user experience. Research revealed three methods used to create avatar facial expressiveness using facial emotion extraction. The three methods found were:Extracting emotion through user texts to apply to avatar facial features in real-timeUsing Microsoft’s Kinect technology to capture user facial motion to apply to the avatars’ in real-timeExtracting emotion through video capture of user’s facial expressions via webcam in real-time.This research analyzed the three methods in terms of implementation, integration and feasibility in Second Life.
Welcome to the First Issue of 2013
Authors: Sivan Yesha Y.
Published: August 2018

Welcome to the first issue of 2013 which opens our sixth year.Each year, JVWR publishes about 3 issues. Of them, two are topical and one Assembled. The topical issues allow us to plan ahead, define the topics, enlist editors, and allow authors ample time to develop their work.Concurrently, we encourage authors to send us updated research outcomes outside the scope of the topical issues. As we complete a review on such a paper, we publish the paper under the “rush to press” section of a topical issue. Around December of every year, we collect all the papers that were submitted during the year and consider them for the yearly assembled issue.
Kromosomer – an Experience in Shared Creative Work and Expression
Authors: Dahlsveen Heidi , Sousa Catarina Carneiro de
Published: August 2018

This article is a reflection on the Kromosomer project, a storytelling performance held in both physical and virtual worlds, which was implemented and disseminated through digital, virtual and social media. The aim of the whole project was to search for an expression that could combine physical experience with virtual world. The project was also looking at how to deal with social inclusion.The motto for this enterprise was the traditional Norwegian legend characters who represent “the other,” the “not-normal,” as a pretext to address the question of alterity. These legends’ characters were re-created as avatars in the metaverse, where they were also freely distributed in virtual installations as unfinished artifacts, open to mutation. In the Second Life virtual world, participants could pick up avatars and create their own stories through snapshots, machinima, etc. The physical performance later used these participants/produsers’ interpretations and narratives of the avatars in stage design and in the storytelling performance itself.We describe and analyse the main work method used for this project — a shared creative process of collective and distributed creativity. The project encompasses different forms of expression therefore we will also focus on how metaphors constitute themselves as paramount to our way of working.
Editorial
Authors: De Zwart Melissa , Hunter Dan , Lastowka Greg
Published: August 2018

The articles in this issue "Legal and Governance Challenges" reflect a range of voices in virtual world scholarship and we hope that they inspire, provoke and facilitate a range of responses. In this way we can further the work begun a decade ago by a handful of brave (and reckless) scholars, who can now proudly label their work as “scholarship of virtual worlds”. We look forward to continuing the conversation in-world, online and even face to face.
What Should Atomic and BITonic Learn from Each Other?
Authors: Sivan Yesha
Published: August 2018

We are in the midst of a journey. We are moving from an atomic world, where physical stuff is critical to a bitonic world where things made of bits are critical. The atomic world is not going away. It is here to stay. The atomic world is augmented by a bit-like, digital, often called virtual artifacts. As researchers our goal is to connect the two. Facilitate learning from one setting to another. At the forefront of this learning we find the legal and governance perspectives.As you examine the issue, you can get a good sense of a field that uses past discussion to advancenew issues.
Taking a Broader View by Looking Deeper
Authors: Sivan Yesha Y
Published: August 2018

The field of virtual worlds is vast, interconnected and expanding. In this issue, we take a review lantern and shed some light on some of the field’s aspects. Clearly, we do not cover everything. We will often see shadows and not the full image. Ultimately, we hope to encourage further exploring of the field.The first thematic issue of JVWR 7th year (2014) focuses on a literature review of 3D3C worlds according to specific topics. Due to the overwhelming response to our “Lantern” CfP that resulted in 15 accepted manuscripts, the Lantern issue will be published in two parts and the second part will be published on the 3rd quarter of 2014.
Virtually Friends: An Exploration of Friendship Claims and Expectations in Immersive Virtual Worlds
Authors: Foucault Welles Brooke , Rousse Tommy , Merrill Nick , Contractor Noshir
Published: August 2018

Recent scholarship suggests that immersive virtual worlds may be especially well suited for friendship formation on the Internet. Through 65 semi-structured interviews with residents in highly-populated portions of the virtual world Second Life, we explore the nature of friendship within the immersive virtual world, examining friendship claims and expectations and the specific features of the virtual world that enable friendships to emerge. Results reveal that friendships in Second Life are common but not necessarily dependent on features such as co-presence and shared activities that are unique to the virtual world. Instead, frequent, text-based communication facilitates the emergence and maintenance of friendship in Second Life.
Impacting the Real Future via the Virtual Present
Authors: Sivan Yesha Y
Published: August 2018

The Assembled 2014 issue includes six papers demonstrating the diversity and depth of topics we strive to cover:The future of massive collaborative eventsThe future of anonymity (and antisocial behavior)The future of 3D collaborationThe future of friendshipsThe future of health care via “Motivational InterviewingThe future of looking at the otherThese six papers demonstrate some of JVWR goals. They are pushing our thinking about both the virtual and the real, they are presenting “new” academic science that go beyond the trivial, and they are taking a stand about the world. We encourage authors to follow the diverse models presented here.
Two Decades of Evolutionary Art Using Computational Ecosystems and Its Potential for Virtual Worlds
Authors: Antunes Rui Filipe , Leymarie Frederic Fol , Latham William
Published: August 2018

We analyse works of digital art that use a technique from artificial life (ALife) called computational ecosystems (CEs). These are systems running on computers where agents are organized in a hierarchical structure (of a food-chain) and trade token units (of energy and biomass) as a way of promoting community dynamics. We analyse a collection of forty (40) papers communicating works developed in the last two decades. We classify each of these works according to an adapted taxonomy. We then produce a study of cumulative analysis to outline patterns and common features which might define the field. We conclude on the diversity and heterogeneity of the practice, to assert CEs as a multimedia generative tool useful in the construction of bio-mimicking ecosystems as well as in the animation of non-player characters (NPCs) with human-like behaviors in virtual words.
Taking a Broader View by Looking Deeper
Authors: Sivan Yesha Y.
Published: August 2018

The third thematic issue of JVWR 7th year (2014) focuses on a literature review of 3D3C worlds according to specific topics. Due to the substantial amount of responses to our “Lantern” CfP which resulted in 15 accepted manuscripts, the Lantern issue is published in two parts: Part 1 was published on the 1st quarter of 2014 and part 2 is now published, on the 3rd quarter of 2014.  Both parts connect with our workshop “Via the Looking Glass” held in Milan, Italy on December 15, 2013 (as part of AIS ICIS 2013).
Alexandria - A Virtual Repository of Knowledge
Authors: Graham Joseph Michael , Comaroski Eva
Published: August 2018

Virtual worlds are development platforms, similar to sandbox games where users are able to interact with each other with no predefined goal. Due to immersive visual feedback, these platforms have been successfully used in the past to create lesson plans and materials used for undergraduate and, graduate education as well as for  and recreation. To complement that effort, we have built a virtual library that would conveniently offer reference materials to support learning activities. We present Alexandria, an Linden-based virtual library that uses synchronization techniques based on the OpenSim Scripting Language and server-side file-synchronization software in order to allow the stashing and dissemination of educational and recreational material within Virtual Worlds.
Professors and Virtual World Professionalism: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Blackmon Stephanie J
Published: August 2018

Just as there are now questions about professionalism and professional boundaries in social networking environments such as Facebook or LinkedIn, there are also questions about what it means to be professional in virtual worlds like Second Life (SL). In an effort to understand professors’ lived experiences with professionalism in virtual worlds, specifically in SL, I conducted a qualitative study: a hermeneutic phenomenology. Participants included 10 professors from various countries, and they were assigned pseudonyms for this study. The findings indicate that avatar attire is an important aspect of professionalism for many professors, and professors were able to maintain professionalism in their virtual world classrooms with both human and non-human avatars.
Is a Technological Singularity Near Also for Bots in MMOGs?
Authors: De Paoli Stefano
Published: August 2018

Using the idea of the Technological Singularity this essay offers some reflections on the possible future of bots in Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs). The paper starts by briefly introducing the notion of Technological Singularity as the advent of a super-intelligent Artificial Intelligence that could threaten human existence. Bots are computer programs that automate repetitive and time consuming activities for the Internet user. In MMOGs, bots are often used to cheat and could have nefarious effects on the gameplay. Assuming that bots are rudimentary forms of Artificial Intelligence that also pose a threat to MMOGs and their players, the paper presents some evidence-based trends of the future evolution of bots and the implications of these for Virtual Worlds research.
The Metaverse as Mediator between Technology, Trends, and the Digital Transformation of Society and Business
Authors: Rehm Sven-Volker , Goel Lakshmi , Crespi Mattia
Published: August 2018

In this reflective article we discuss the potential of recent developments in virtual worlds for offering novel value propositions for the digital transformation of society and business. In particular, we consider the role of a Metaverse, understood as a globally accessible 3D virtual space and computing infrastructure—and today still a conceptual vision—as a mediator between technology trends and societal and business applications. We outline how current technology trends can be linked with high-value added application scenarios through the Metaverse as a mediating design space. Our insights project both a push effect, i.e. novel technologies fostering radical shifts in society and business, as well as a pull effect, i.e. radical ideas stimulating technology developments. Leveraging both effects for creating high-value added applications however, requires an integrated, mediating design space, which can potentially be obtained through advances of virtual worlds towards a Metaverse.
Conceptualizing Factors of Adoption for Head Mounted Displays: Toward an Integrated Multi-Perspective Framework
Authors: Yucel Ibrahim Halil , Edgell Robert Anthony
Published: August 2018

Recent developments in Head Mounted Displays (HMDs) offer radical new ways of exploring and interacting in three dimensional virtual or augmented spaces. However, the literature reveals a gap in terms of predictive adoption factors that address human usage and social constraints. Our investigation was guided by the question, “What are the critical factors that predict HMD adoption?” We used a literature review and discourse analysis approach to conduct exploratory research. As an outcome, our paper contributes a conceptual HMD framework which includes diverse adoption factors from each of three differing perspectives: producer firm-level, general product-level, and HMD-specific. We posit that all three perspectives are necessary for a comprehensive systemic framework that robustly predicts the successful adoption of HMDs in diverse settings. At the firm-level or producer-level, we explore business factors that might impact adoption by applying the Transparency Innovation Models (TIMs) typology. At the product-level, users’ satisfaction with immersions into virtual realms depends on how engaged they become in “flow” states which is influenced by mechanics, dynamics, and aesthetics general design choices. At the HMD-specific level, visual strain, power arrangements, and haptic interaction are important considerations. Also, the paper contributes application case studies of two HMD firms: Oculus and Magic Leap. We argue that the meaningful-TIM approach when distributed across networks of key stakeholders offers greater advantages in terms of enabling open relationships and development processes among critical stakeholders, such as HMD producers, software developers, and potential users. The paper concludes with a discussion of possible future outcomes for HMDs.
The Relation between Customer Types in a Real Supermarket Compared to a Virtual Supermarket
Authors: Khan Vassilis Javed , Brouwer Rebecca
Published: August 2018

Virtual environments are becoming more popular for a variety of applications. One application we expect to see in the near future is virtual supermarkets. Although there is a lot of research in real supermarkets that gives us a better understanding of how people behave and what to expect of them as customers, there is little research, as yet, to compare whether that research is transferable to virtual supermarkets. This research compares whether known customer types in a real supermarket would transfer to a virtual supermarket. We conducted research in a CAVE (Cave Automatic Virtual Environment) through which participants (N=87) had the experience of shopping at a virtual supermarket, and we show that there is a significant overlap of customer types between the virtual and the real one.
Editorial
Authors: Fragoso Suely , Gil Ortega Maria del Carmen , Malamos Athanasios G.
Published: August 2018

This issue, as with all assembled issues, aimed at highlighting the diversity of issues of virtual and real worlds.  A considerable number of submissions were concerned with questions related to the body, specially the gendered body. As a result, three of the five articles chosen for this Assembled issue are on this subject, each brings a different perspective. The other two discuss questions related to user generated content.
Flow in Virtual Worlds: The Interplay of Community and Site Features as Predictors of Involvement
Authors: Barker Valerie Elizabeth
Published: August 2018

Cultivating involvement within virtual worlds, where interactivity and community are salient, represents a key goal for virtual world leaders. This online survey of virtual world visitors conducted in 2013 (N = 244; 37% of whom use Second Life) assessed whether the interplay of community and site features facilitates a form of intense involvement known as flow. Flow is an affect-based response to types of pursuit that involve intense enjoyment and high psychological engagement. Prior research shows that flow often leads to positive outcomes for virtual world visitors, including learning, satisfaction and loyalty. Therefore, it is important to understand more about potential antecedents to the reported flow experience in virtual worlds. The study findings showed that site features such a level of interactivity mediate the relationship between sense of community and reported flow experience among virtual world visitors. This suggests that site designers can intensify involvement by encouraging community spirit via interactivity, feedback, content variety and ease of use.
The Experience Machine: Existential Reflections on Virtual Worlds
Authors: Gualeni Stefano
Published: August 2018

Problems and questions originally raised by Robert Nozick in his famous thought experiment ‘The Experience Machine’ are frequently invoked in the current discourse concerning virtual worlds. Having conceptualized his Gedankenexperiment in the early seventies, Nozick could not fully anticipate the numerous and profound ways in which the diffusion of computer simulations and video games came to affect the Western world.This article does not articulate whether or not the virtual worlds of video games, digital simulations, and virtual technologies currently actualize (or will actualize) Nozick’s thought experiment. Instead, it proposes a philosophical reflection that focuses on human experiences in the upcoming age of their ‘technical reproducibility’.In pursuing that objective, this article integrates and supplements some of the interrogatives proposed in Robert Nozick’s thought experiment. More specifically, through the lenses of existentialism and philosophy of technology, this article tackles the technical and cultural heritage of virtual reality, and unpacks its potential to function as a tool for self-discovery and self-construction. Ultimately, it provides an interpretation of virtual technologies as novel existential domains. Virtual worlds will not be understood as the contexts where human beings can find completion and satisfaction, but rather as instruments that enable us to embrace ourselves and negotiate with various aspects of our (individual as well as collective) existence in previously-unexperienced guises.
Redaksioneel
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: August 2018

Die stand van opleiding van bedryfsielkundiges in Suid-Afrika het oor die afgelope aantal jare alhoemeer die aandag van individue uit verskillende sektore van die Suid- Afrikaanse gemeenskap begin geniet.
¿Regreso al futuro? La migración en el cruce entre el pasado y el presente, los hechos y la ficción en "Ibicaba: Das Paradies in den Köpfen" (1985), de Eveline Hasler
Authors: Rosmarie Kathöfer Gabi
Published: August 2018

Este artículo analiza la novela histórica de Eveline Hasler Ibicaba: Das Paradies in den Köpfen (1985) como una reflexión sobre los debates políticos en torno a la emigración del siglo XIX. En su ficcionalización de los hechos históricos, Ibicaba contiene también reflexiones socio-psicológicas y filosóficas sobre los derechos humanos, una crítica poscolonial a los asentamientos europeos en el extranjero y una invitación para que se elabore una historia femenina de la migración. Este ensayo defiende que la novela de Hasler es una invitación a cuestionar el concepto de Heimat y otras construcciones identitarias en el mundo global de la actualidad.
Is Net Interest Margin influenced by Firm's Capital Structure Pattern: A Study on Commercial Banks in Sri Lanka
Authors: Kengatharan Lingesiya
Published: August 2018

Objectives of this study were to examine the capital structure pattern of Sri Lankan commercial banks and to investigate the influence of capital structure pattern on net interest margin of commercial banks in Sri Lanka. This study was conducted with 10 licensed commercial banks which were listed in Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE), Sri Lanka. Panel data analysis was used to carry out the empirical study and data were extracted from the annual reports of selected companies for the ten years period from 2007 to 2016. Capital structure patterns of licensed commercial banks were measured by total debt to total assets ratio, long term debt to total assets ratio, and short term debt to total assets ratio. Net Interest Margin (NIM) was measured by net interest income to average earnings assets ratio. NIM specifies the cost and efficiency of financial intermediation by banks. Size of the banks and growth in banks deposit were considered as control variables. Descriptive statistics, correlation, pooled, fixed effect and random effect models were used for the data analysis. According to the descriptive statistics, present study found that commercial banks had lower leveraged capital structure pattern in Sri Lanka. F test was performed to diagnose the time fixed effect in the fixed effect model and outcome of the test revealed that p value was less than 0.05. Therefore, null hypothesis was rejected and fixed effect model was most appropriate than pooled OLS. Further, Lagrange Multiplier test for random effect was performed. The result indicated that the p value was 0.000 and rejected the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative which implied that random effect model was more appropriate than pooled OLS. Therefore, Hausman Specification test was performed to find out whether fixed or random effect model is suitable to examine the relationship between capital structure and NIM. Fixed effect model was considered as the most suitable model to examine the relationship between capital structure and NIM in this study. As per the result of fixed effect model, total debt to total assets ratio and long term debt to total asset ratio were significantly negatively related to NIM. Short term debt to total assets ratio, and size were not significantly related NIM. Results of the study suggest that financial managers should try to finance from retained earnings rather than relying heavily on debt capital in their capital structure. Outcome of the study may useful to the practitioners, investors and decision makers in order to maximize their return from their investments.
Editorial
Authors: Hölbig Carlos Amaral
Published: August 2018

Apresentação do vigésimo terceiro número da Revista Brasileira de Computação Aplicada por parte do editor da revista
Protagonistas del Bono Productivo Alimentario y sus desafíos
Authors: Mondragon-Lainez Ana Doris , Zúniga-González Carlos Alberto
Published: August 2018

El presente estudio presenta los desafíos que tienen las protagonistas del Programa Bono Productivo Alimentario en el cumplimiento de los objetivos que este se propone. El estudio se realizo por medio de entrevistas a nivel municipal.  Los resultados de la investigación evidencian el desafío de mejorar la dieta alimenticia, comercializar excedentes, desarrollar iniciativas micro-empresariales.  Así mismo, es importante en este proceso fomentar una actitud emprendedora direccionada a una economía de escala y para ello es fundamental un acompañamiento del gobierno en cuanto a la asistencia técnica de las protagonistas.
La infiltración del agua en los suelos y componentes artificiales y materia orgánica que se utilizan en ellos para la agricultura
Authors: Úbeda Rivera José Saturnino , Delgado Dallatorre Yader
Published: August 2018

El tema comprendido tiene referencia la retención de agua en los suelos de uso agrícola, se torna a tratar  de averiguar sobre alternativas que ayuden a la retención de agua en suelo y más en suelos que están agotados por el exceso de trabajo que le dan los agricultores.   En este tema se abarcan los polímeros absorbentes que aunque hoy en día son poco usados en la agricultura, se han realizado prácticas con estos y han arrojado datos positivos a favor de estos polímeros.  La materia orgánica también se abarca como hidro retenedor porque ayuda a la retención de agua por medio de lo osmosis que consiste que el agua pase de un lugar de mayor concentración a uno de menor concentración.  Se trata de buscar una alternativa pata ayudar a mejorar la condiciones del suelo en la agricultura, aunque hay veces que los agricultores no valoran lo que el suelo nos dé, que es el alimento y sin este no sobrevivimos.
A Review on Neural Dynamics for Robot Autonomy
Authors: Chen Dechao , Li Shuai , Wu Qing
Published: August 2018

Exploiting neural networks to solve control problems of robots is becoming commonly and effectively in academia and engineering. Due to the remarkable features like distributed storage, parallelism, easy implementation by hardware, adaptive self-learning capability, and free of off-line training, the solutions of neural networks break the bottlenecks of serial-processing strategies and methods, and serve as significant alternatives for robotic engineers and researchers. Especially, various types and branches of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have been sequentially developed since the seminal works by Hopfield and Tank. Successively, many classes and branches of RNNs such as primal-dual neural networks (PDNNs), zeroing neural networks (ZNNs) and gradient neural networks (GNNs) are proposed, investigated, developed and applied to the robot autonomy. The objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of the research on neural networks (especially RNNs) for control problems solving of different kinds of robots. Specifically, the state-of-the-art research of RNNs, PDNNs, ZNNs and GNNs in different robot control problems solving are detailedly revisited and reported. The readers can readily find many effective and valuable solutions on the basis of neural networks for the robot autonomy in this paper.
Nitriding and carbonitriding of stainless steel X20Cr13 in fluidized bed
Authors: Żółciak Tadeusz , Jastrzębski Jerzy
Published: August 2018

Current study investigated influence of process conditions upon structure and case growth during nitriding/carbonitriding steel X20Cr13 in fluidized bed and also resistance of those cases against pitting corrosion. Short surface activation in ammonia or in ammonia with propane made possible difusion N, C into steel X20Cr13. Activation in ammonia with propane promotes creation the so called “white case” during carbonitriding at 570oC. After nitriding/carbonitriding at 570oC/4 h case thickness of 150 μm and compounds zone – 15 μm were achieved. Nitriding/carbonitriding at lower temperatures 480oC and 440oC gave cases without compounds zones. After nitriding or carbonitriding at 440oC/6 h surface hardness was 1320 and 1370 HV1 respectively. Increase of pitting corrosion resistance was obtained after nitriding/carbonitriding 570oC/2 h with initially surface activation in ammonia by 2 h. Phase investigations of such samples shown that compounds zone consist of: Fe3N, Fe4N, M7C3, CrN, Fe3O4, Fe2O3.
História, teoria e crítica na arte contemporânea: questões emergentes da arte-ciência-tecnologia
Authors: Santos Nara Cristina
Published: August 2018

Este artigo apresenta um percurso em História, Teoria e Crítica na área das Artes Visuais. Busca analisar e discutir questões emergentes de pesquisa transdisciplinar, a partir do projeto Museu Arte-Ciência-Tecnologia: Ações Expositivas e Estratégias Museais (2017-2022), como contribuição para pensar o campo da Arte Contemporânea. Fundamenta-se nas atividades desenvolvidas desde 2007 no PPGART/UFSM, e desde 2005 com a implementação do GP Arte e Tecnologia/CNPq e do LABART, no CAL/UFSM.
Ensaio Visual
Authors: Stumm Rebeca
Published: August 2018

Este ensaio é composto por registros de Rebeca Stumm – Grupo de Pesquisa em Artes: Momentos Específicos/UFSM, com as Residências Artísticas nas cidades de São Martinho da Serra (RS), Cerro Branco (RS), Rivera(Uruguai), Santana do Livramento (RS), Ibarama (RS), Silveira Martins (RS) e Santa Maria (RS) entre 2013 e 2017.O Grupo de Pesquisa em Artes: Momentos Específicos realizou Residências Artísticas com estudantes da UFSMem diferentes locais da Região sul do Brasil. As Residências envolveram a participação de artistas, pesquisadorese personalidades convidadas. Domicílios foram sediados em Centros de Tradições Gaúchas (CTGs), bibliotecas,recicladora de metais e escolas. Cada Residência necessitou de pesquisa e organização únicas. Os registrosmostram-se como momentos de significação daquilo que, ao contrário de uma residência comum e cotidiana,foi um conjunto complexo de processos de desacomodações em meio a intensa vivência de embate com a artejunto das diferentes realidades.
A iconografia em revisão
Authors: Moreira Altamir
Published: August 2018

Este texto discute a atualidade da abordagem iconográfica. A partir da definição de conceitos baseada em Erwin Panofsky, relaciona alguns desenvolvimentos e críticas a respeito desse campo de conhecimentos. Aponta possibilidades de aplicação da iconografia no estudo da arte contemporânea, a partir de duas pesquisas teóricas orientadas pelo autor no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Artes Visuais da UFSM.
The Resilience of Mothers and Their Job Satisfaction: The Differentiating Role of Single Motherhood
Authors: Grzankowska Izabela , Basińska Małgorzata , Napora Elżbieta
Published: August 2018

From the perspective of the social functioning of a family, single mothers are amongst the most vulnerable social groups in terms of interconnected economic, social and psychological burdens (Van Lancker, Ghysels, & Cantillon, 2015). Women in the situation of lone motherhood are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of meeting too many requirements and an excess of daily tasks. The aim of the study was to clarify whether resilience as an attribute and resilient coping can be a significant resource of their job satisfaction, taking into account the role of single motherhood as a difficult situation. The study involved 435 mothers, among whom 204 (47%) were in a formal or informal relationship, and 231 (53%) were lone mothers. For the measurement of resilient coping, the Brief Resilience Coping Scale – BRCS was used (Piórowska, Basińska, Piórowski, & Janicka, 2017), trait resilience was measured by the Resiliency Assessment Scale (SPP-25) (Ogińska-Bulik & Juczyński, 2008) and job satisfaction was rated by The Satisfaction with Job Scale (Zalewska, 2003b). The analysis showed no significant differences between mothers in terms of the level of job satisfaction, resilient coping and resilience as an attribute – with the exception of one dimension, openness to new experiences and sense of humour, which in the group of lone mothers scored significantly lower than in the group of mothers in relationships. The results also showed a significant differentiating role of marital status and resilient coping as well as trait resilience on job satisfaction.
Violence against and using the dead: Ethiopia’s Dergue cases
Authors: Metekia Tadesse Simie
Published: August 2018

Atrocities that befell Ethiopia during the Dergue regime (1974–91) targeted both
the living and the dead. The dead were in fact at the centre of the Dergue’s
violence. Not only did the regime violate the corpses of its victims, but it
used them as a means to perpetrate violence against the living, the complexity
of which requires a critical investigation. This article aims at establishing,
from the study of Ethiopian law and practice, the factual and legal issues
pertinent to the Dergue’s violence involving the dead. It also examines the
efforts made to establish the truth about this particular form of violence as
well as the manner in which those responsible for it were prosecuted and
eventually punished.
The Braveheart amphipod: a review of responses of invasiveDikerogammarus villosusto predation signals
Authors: Jermacz Łukasz , Kobak Jarosław
Published: August 2018

Predator pressure is a fundamental force driving changes at all levels of the community structure. It may protect native ecosystems from alien species. Therefore, resistance to diverse predators resulting from a universal anti-predator strategy seems crucial for invasion success. We present a comprehensive review of the responses of an invasive amphipodDikerogammarus villosusto sympatric and allopatric predator signals. We summarize diverse aspects of the gammarid anti-predator strategy, including predator identification, morphological and behavioural adaptations, effectiveness of shelter use and resistance to indirect predator effects. The response ofD. villosusis independent of predator species (including totally allopatric taxa), which assures the high flexibility of its predator recognition system. It has a harder exoskeleton and better capability of utilizing shelters compared to other gammarids, resulting in relatively high resistance to predators. Therefore, it can use predator kairomones as indirect food signals (sharing the diet with the predator) and follow the predator scent. This resistance may allowD. villosusto reduce the costs of its physiological responses to predators and sustain growth in their presence. This might facilitate invasion success by increasing its competitive advantage.
Thermal Management in Polymer Composites: A Review of Physical and Structural Parameters
Authors: Kim Hyun Su , Jang Ji‐un , Lee Hyeseong , Kim Seong Yun , Kim Seong Hun , Kim Jaewoo , Jung Yong Chae , Yang Beom Joo
Published: August 2018

Contrary to expectation, the thermal conductivity of carbon‐polymer nanocomposites has been reported to be low near the lower boundary of the rule of mixtures. Various dispersing processes have been developed to achieve uniform dispersion of the nanocarbon fillers, including an in situ polymerization process based on ring‐opening polymerizable oligoesters. However, even if the nanofiller is well dispersed, phonon scattering due to the interfacial thermal resistance at the nanofiller‐matrix interface and the contact thermal resistance at the nanofiller‐nanofiller interface is inevitable, and this is the main cause of the low thermal conductivity of the nanocomposite. When the nanofiller is incorporated in a high content, the interfacial thermal resistance can be overcome by forming a contacted three‐dimensional (3D) filler network between the fillers. Recently, thermal percolation behavior has been reported to occur in composite materials with sufficiently high carbon filler content. Also, the thermal conductivity can be synergistically improved by the simultaneous incorporation of fillers of different sizes and shapes, forming a contacted 3D filler network. It can be concluded that large fillers with high thermal conductivity are suitable for thermally conductive composites, while nanofiller is advantageous for heat‐insulating composites.
Extent of Pseudocapacitance in High‐Surface Area Vanadium Nitrides
Authors: Djire Abdoulaye , Ajenifujah Olabode , Thompson Levi T.
Published: August 2018

Early transition‐metal nitrides, especially vanadium nitride (VN), have shown promise for use in high energy density supercapacitors due to their high electronic conductivity, areal specific capacitance, and ability to be synthesized in high surface area form. Their further development would benefit from an understanding of their pseudocapacitive charge storage mechanism. In this paper, the extent of pseudocapacitance exhibited by vanadium nitride in aqueous electrolytes was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The pseudocapacitance contribution to the total capacitance in the nitride material was much higher than the double‐layer capacitance and ranged from 85 % in basic electrolyte to 87 % in acidic electrolyte. The mole of electrons transferred per VN material during pseudocapacitive charge storage was also evaluated. This pseudocapacitive charge‐storage is the key component in the full utilization of the properties of early‐transition metal nitrides for high‐energy density supercapacitors.
Solvent‐induced Gel Formation Hypothesis for Natural Product Gelators with Polycyclic Structures
Authors: Zhi Kangkang , Zhao Haitian , Yang Xin , Zhang Hua , Wang Jing , Wang Zhenyu
Published: August 2018

Natural products have long been used as pharmaceutical actives for the treatment of diseases. More recently, natural products with the ability to self‐assemble to form soft material‐gels, i.e. natural product gelators (NPGs), were discovered. This subverts our traditional insight into natural products as drugs and drives us to elucidate how NPGs form gels. Here, we interpret “why gel” from the perspective of solvents based on the basic theory of thermodynamics for liquids, and then propose the hypothesis of solvent‐induced gel formation in combination with the NPGs with polycyclic structures. This hypothesis provides a complete explanation of how the gelator and solvent play a role in the overall gel formation and helps us to more easily understand the gelation.
One‐step Solvent‐free Synthesis and Grafting of Diazonium Ions at Glassy Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Via Garrhett G. , Shugart Chelsea L. , Melnyk Sophia L. , Hupman Stephanie R. , Cline Kristin K.
Published: August 2018

A one‐step method for combined diazonium ion synthesis and electrode grafting was developed. Diazonium salts were synthesized by using a glassy carbon electrode to grind together a water paste of aryl amine, p‐toluenesulfonic acid, and sodium nitrite. Diazonium ion formation was verified by Raman spectroscopy and by a color change upon reaction of the paste with 2‐naphthol. Cyclic voltammetry after grinding electrodes showed characteristic peaks for grafted groups. Diazonium ion synthesis and grafting was achieved with amines including p‐nitroaniline, 2‐aminoanthraquinone, and 5‐amino‐2‐nitrobenzoic acid.
Two new convenient syntheses of 14C‐squalene from turbinaric acid
Authors: Philippe Nicolas , Rivron Luc , De Bruin Béatrice , Schofield Joseph , Roy Sébastien
Published: August 2018

Carbon‐14 labeled (6E,10E,14E,18E)‐2,6,10,15,19,23‐hexamethyltetracosa‐2,6,10,14,18,22‐hexaene, also known as squalene, was synthesized as a tool for pharmacokinetic studies. Two simple and efficient labeling approaches were developed to give [2‐14C]‐squalene and [3‐14C]‐squalene from a halogenated precursor derived from turbinaric acid. They were obtained in 13.5% radiochemical yield in 6 steps and in 38% radiochemical yield in 3 steps respectively from carbon‐14 labeled potassium cyanide with a radiochemical purity higher than 98% in both cases.
COX Inhibition Profiles and Molecular Docking Studies of the Lignan Hinokinin and Some Synthetic Derivatives
Authors: Borges Alexandre , Casoti Rosana , e Silva Marcio Luis Andrade , da Cunha Nayane Larissa , da Rocha Pissurno Ana Paula , Kawano Daniel Fábio , da Silva de Laurentiz Rosangela
Published: August 2018

Encouraged by the anti‐inflammatory activity of hinokinin in vivo, which is also observed for the analogues dinitrohinokinin and diidrocubebin, herein we used in vitro and in silico methods to assess their selectivity profiles and predict their binding modes with Cyclooxygenases (COX‐1 and 2). The in vitro assays demonstrated dinitrohinokinin is about 13 times more selective for COX‐2 than for COX‐1, a similar profile observed for the drugs celecoxib (selective index ≈9) and meloxicam (selective index ≈11). Predictions of the binding modes suggested dinitrohinokinin interacts with COX‐2 very similarly to rofecoxib, exploring residues at the hydrophilic pocket of the enzyme that accessible to ligands only in this isoform. This lignan also interacts with COX‐1 in a similar mode to meloxicam, blocking the access of the substrate to the catalytic cleft. Therefore, dinitrohinokinin is a promising lead for the design of selective COX‐2 inhibitors.
A third molar from Rathfarnham, Dublin, and the patterning cascade model
Authors: Clark Melissa A. , Guatelli‐Steinberg Debbie
Published: August 2018

The patterning cascade model (PCM) explains variation in cusp morphology in mammalian teeth. According to the PCM, cusp development is constrained by the time and space available for morphogenesis and by signalling molecules that create inhibitory zones around enamel knots, thereby preventing the formation of new enamel knots within a circumscribed region surrounding previously formed enamel knots. New enamel knots can only form outside of these inhibitory zones. A tooth with more cusps would therefore be expected to have smaller intercusp distances relative to crown size than a tooth with fewer cusps. This paper seeks to ascertain whether a young adult (68:1) excavated from a medieval site in Rathfarnam, County Dublin, Ireland. This unusual six‐cusped, five‐rooted left maxillary third molar was found during an assessment of skeletal remains at the National Museum of Ireland. This tooth deviates from the expected phenotype of between four and five cusps and two and three roots for third molars (M3s). To evaluate whether this tooth conforms to PCM predictions, bucco‐lingual and mesio‐distal diameters and intercusp distances were measured. The approximate crown area is 149.78 mm2. The ratio of intercusp distance to the approximate crown area (i.e., the relative average intercusp distance) is 0.351. This ratio is the lowest in the sample and falls well below the means of the relative average intercusp distance of all M3s (0.496) as well as all molars (0.486) in the sample. These results suggest that the unusual crown morphology of this tooth does not represent a deviation from the PCM. This upper left third molar exhibits partial root completion, whereas the remaining M3s of this individual exhibit complete root growth. We speculate that given the delayed developmental stage of this tooth, its unusual morphology might be related to a shift in developmental timing.
Effects of Diatomaceous Earth Addition on the Microstructure and Gas Permeation of Carbon Molecular Sieving Membranes
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Zhang Bing , Wu Yonghong , Wang Tonghua , Qiu Jieshan
Published: August 2018

Carbon molecular sieving (CMS) membranes were successfully prepared using polyimide as precursor and diatomaceous earth (DE) as dopants through the processes of membrane formation and pyrolysis. The thermal stability, surface functional groups, microstructure and morphology of membrane samples were characterized by the thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The effects of DE dosage, support and permeation temperature on gas permeation of the CMS membranes were investigated. The results show that the addition of DE improves the thermal stability of precursor and the graphitization degree of derived CMS membranes. The incorporation of DE increases the gas permeability and microporous structure of CMS membranes at a loss of selectivity. The permeability of CMS membranes increases with elevating the permeation temperature. When DE composite CMS membranes are prepared by adding 0.4% DE in starting materials on plate supports, the optimum gas permeability reaches to 998.7 Barrer for H2, 262.3 Barrer for CO2, 231.6 Barrer for O2, along with the selectivity of 20.7 for H2/N2, 5.4 for CO2/N2 and 4.8 for O2/N2.
Green Synthesis of Carbon Dot Weak Gel from Pear Juice: Optical Properties and Sensing Application
Authors: Mondal Jayanta , Srivastava Suneel Kumar
Published: August 2018

Herein, we report for the first time a low‐cost and eco‐friendly carbon dot weak gel (CDWG) in the absence of any gelling agent from a pear juice as a green precursor. Our findings showed that the volatile nature of acetone, basic media, and cellulose content in pear juice played key roles in the formation of CDWG. This fabrication strategy of CDWG from a green precursor in absence of gelling agent could be more advantageous over CD‐hybrids gel. Further, the fabricated gel exhibited excitation dependent red shifted multicolor (blue‐green‐yellow‐orange) emission due to the presence of characteristic hydrophilic surface in CDs. The other unique feature of the work involved utilization of inherent fluorescent property of CDs in establishing optical interaction between 0D CDWG and 2D reduced graphene oxide (G) and graphene oxide (GO). It may be concluded that the quenching is mainly guided by the electron rich CDs and electron acceptance ability, large specific surface area of G and GO. It is also interesting to note that the introducing of gel property in CDs exhibit improved sensing efficiency and limit of detection of CDWG (1.5 μg ml−1) for G. Further, such optical sensing could be beneficial for the fabrication of optoelectronics, photovoltaic devices and sensing of bio‐molecules and metal ions.
A Visible‐Light‐Mediated Protocol: One‐Pot‐Three‐Component, Sustainable Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Thiadiazines
Authors: Mishra Anu , Rai Pratibha , Singh Jaya , Singh Jagdamba
Published: August 2018

An expeditious and proficient pH dependent, multicomponent strategy assisted by visible light for the synthesis of highly biologically significant scaffold “1,3,4‐thiadiazines” and its derivatives, has been reported here. The hallmark of the present protocol is the utilization of visible light at room temperature to form C−S and C−N bond via generation of some free radical intermediates followed by intramolecular cyclization without employing harsh reaction conditions. It also includes some other attributes like being environmentally benign and cost effective, involving short reaction time and possessing adaptability towards a wide range of substrates with good to excellent yield of product.