bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERSPECTIVA LONGITUDINAL DE PESQUISA EM EDUCAÇÃO: produções brasileiras e a organização e implementação de um estudo deste perfil
Authors: Giraldi Luciana Ponce Bellido , Sigolo Silvia Regina Ricco Lucato
Published: May 2016

Este texto teve como objetivo identificar e analisar aspectos metodológicos de estudos longitudinais desenvolvidos em educação no Brasil e relatar brevemente a organização de uma investigação deste perfil. Para isso foram sistematizadas revisões bibliográficas na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, no Periódico da Capes, na base de dados Pathernon e no Scielo, onde houve a busca por artigos. Os descritores utilizados foram: estudo longitudinal e estudos longitudinais, entre os anos 1999 e 2013. Aproximadamente 500 produções associadas à educação foram encontradas, contudo, algumas apareceram repetidamente nos bancos de dados. Todos os títulos, resumos e palavras-chaves foram lidos e excluídos os textos que não se relacionavam com o contexto escolar, os que deixaram de descrever a metodologia empregada no estudo ou os que, posteriormente, não foram localizados na íntegra. Foram analisadas dezessete produções. Tornou-se possível perceber que as pesquisas encontradas exibiram um modelo longitudinal de painel, definido assim por acompanhar um mesmo grupo de sujeitos ao longo de um período, e se localizaram centralmente na Educação Infantil e no Ensino Fundamental, o que pressupõe lacunas ampliadas de informações longitudinais no Ensino Médio e Superior brasileiro. Mostrou-se mais usual entre os estudos longitudinais analisados, a coleta de dados ser organizada entre dois a três anos de acompanhamento, sendo o questionário o instrumento de coleta de dados mais recorrente entre os trabalhos analisados. A experiência descrita, sobre uma pesquisa longitudinal, trouxe aspectos em comum com os textos analisados, se fez presente o uso do método qualitativo na coleta e análise de dados, permeados por estudos de casos.
Assessment of scintillation and Cherenkov imaging as beam shape verification method in CyberKnife® radiotherapy
Authors: Cui Fengwei , Jin Tao , Li Mingzhu , Zhu Lei , Di Xing , Zhu Huaguang
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The goal of this study is to assess the utility of Cherenkov imaging (CI) and scintillation imaging (SI) as high‐resolution techniques to measure CyberKnife® beam shape quantitatively at the irradiation surface in quality assurance (QA).

Methods

The EMCCD camera captured scintillation and Cherenkov photons arising from 6 MV x‐ray dose deposition produced by the CyberKnife® VSI System. Two imaging methods were done at source to surface distance of 800 cm with the same field size, ranging from 10 to 60 mm using fixed cones and iris collimators. The output sensitivity and constancy were measured using the SI and CI, and benchmarked against an ionization chamber. Line profiles of each beam measured by optical imaging were compared with film measurement. Position shifts were introduced to test the sensitivity of SI and CI to small beam position deviations. To assess reproducibility, the beam measurements were tested three times on 5 consecutive days.

Results

Both systems exhibited comparable sensitivity to the ionization chamber in response to fluctuations in CyberKnife® output. The beam profiles in SI matched well with the measured film image, with accuracy in the range of ± 0.20 and ± 0.26 mm standard deviation for the circle and iris field, respectively. The corresponding accuracy measured by CI is in the range of ± 0.25 and ± 0.33 mm, respectively. These are all within the tolerance recommended by the guidelines of CyberKnife® QA. The accuracy measured by SI and CI for 1 mm beam position shift within 0.21 and 0.45 mm tolerance, respectively. Repeatability measurements of the beam have shown a standard deviation within 0.94 mm.

Conclusions

SI and CI techniques are tested to provide a valid way to measure CyberKnife® beam shape in this study. Meanwhile, the systematic comparison of SI and CI also provides evidence for the measurement methods selection appropriately.
The effect of calibration training on the calibration of intelligence analysts' judgments
Authors: Kelly Megan O. , Mandel David R.
Published: September 2024

Experts are expected to make well‐calibrated judgments within their field, yet a voluminous literature demonstrates miscalibration in human judgment. Calibration training aimed at improving subsequent calibration performance offers a potential solution. We tested the effect of commercial calibration training on a group of 70 intelligence analysts by comparing the miscalibration and bias of their judgments before and after a commercial training course meant to improve calibration across interval estimation and binary choice tasks. Training significantly improved calibration and bias overall, but this effect was contingent on the task. For interval estimation, analysts were overconfident before training and became better calibrated after training. For the binary choice task, however, analysts were initially underconfident and bias increased in this same direction post‐training. Improvement on the two tasks was also uncorrelated. Taken together, results indicate that the training shifted analyst bias toward less confidence rather than having improved metacognitive monitoring ability.
Magnesium and Calcium Bisguanidinates: Catalytic Activity in the Hydroboration of Unsaturated Molecules
Authors: Ginés Carlos , Parra‐Cadenas Blanca , Fernández‐Galán Rafael , García‐Vivó Daniel , Elorriaga David , Ramos Alberto , Carrillo‐Hermosilla Fernando
Published: September 2024

The role of ligands in catalytically active metal complexes can be crucial. Herein, we present a study on the synthesis and catalytic behavior of alkaline earth bisguanidinato complexes. The reactivity of trisubstituted guanidines, specifically (iPrHN)2CNR (R=Ph, 2‐Ph2PC6H4, 2‐MeSC6H4), towards magnesium and calcium alkyls or amides was explored. All the compounds were found to be very active in the hydroboration of acetophenone with pinacolborane. Notably, a calcium‐based complex was especially effective in the hydroboration of carbonyl compounds, demonstrating significant chemoselectivity against other reactive functional groups. This complex was also particularly effective in the double hydroboration of nitriles and moderately active in the hydroborative dearomatization of pyridine. Our experimental and DFT studies allow us to propose a mechanism in which the participation of the guanidinato ligands, along with the metal, is key to the activation of both the unsaturated species and borane.
Cross‐Cohort Gut Microbiome Signatures of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Presentation and Treatment
Authors: Li Junhui , Ghosh Tarini Shankar , Arendt Elke , Shanahan Fergus , O'Toole Paul W.
Published: September 2024

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent disorder of gut‐brain interaction without a reliable cure. Evidence suggests that an alteration of the gut microbiome may contribute to IBS pathogenesis, motivating the development of microbiome‐targeted therapies to alleviate IBS symptoms. However, IBS‐specific microbiome signatures are variable across cohorts. A total of 9204 datasets were meta‐analyzed, derived from fourteen IBS microbiome discovery cohorts, three validation cohorts for diet‐microbiome interactions, and five rifaximin therapy cohorts. The consistent bacterial species and functional signatures associated with IBS were identified. Network analysis revealed two distinct IBS‐enriched microbiota clusters; obligate anaerobes that are found commonly in the gut, and facultative anaerobes typically present in the mouth, implying a possible association between oral bacterial translocation to gut and IBS pathogenesis. By analyzing diet‐microbiome interactions, microbiota‐targeted diets that can potentially modulate the altered gut microbiota of IBS subjects toward a healthy status were identified. Furthermore, rifaximin treatment of IBS subjects was linked with a reduction in the abundance of facultatively anaerobic pathobionts. Gut microbiome signatures were identified across IBS cohorts that may inform the development of therapies for microbiome modulation in IBS. The microbiota‐targeted diet patterns described may enable nutritional intervention trials in IBS and for assisting dietary management.
Ocean exposure and latitude drive multiple clines within the coastal perennial ecotype of the yellow monkeyflower, Mimulus guttatus
Authors: Zambiasi Thomas , Lowry David B.
Published: September 2024

Premise

A key goal of evolutionary biologists is to understand how and why genetic variation is partitioned within species. In the yellow monkeyflower, Mimulus guttatus (syn. Erythranthe guttata), coastal perennial populations constitute a single genetically and morphologically differentiated ecotype compared to inland M. guttatus populations. While the coastal ecotype's distinctiveness has now been well documented, there is also environmental variation across the ecotype's range that could drive more continuous differentiation among its component populations.

Methods

Based on previous observations of a potential cline within this ecotype, we quantified plant height, among other traits, across coastal perennial accessions from 74 populations in a greenhouse common garden experiment. To evaluate potential drivers of the relationship between trait variation and latitude, we regressed height against multiple climatic factors, including temperature, precipitation, and coastal wind speeds. We also accounted for exposure to the open ocean in all analyses.

Results

Multiple traits were correlated with latitude of origin, but none more than plant height. Height was negatively correlated with latitude, and plants directly exposed to the open ocean were shorter than those protected from coastal winds. Further analyses revealed that height was correlated with climatic factors (precipitation, temperature, and wind speeds) that were autocorrelated with latitude. We hypothesize that one or more of these climatic factors drove the evolution of latitudinal clinal variation within the coastal ecotype.

Conclusions

Overall, our study illustrates the complexity of how the distribution of environmental variation can simultaneously drive the evolution of both distinct ecotypes and continuous clines within those ecotypes.
Slowly Expanding Lesions Differentiate Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis from Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Disease
Authors: Fadda Giulia , Banwell Brenda , Elliott Colm , Fetco Dumitru , Arnold Douglas L. , Waters Patrick , Yeh E. Ann , Marrie Ruth Ann , Bar‐Or Amit , Narayanan Sridar ,   the Canadian Pediatric Demyelinating Disease Network
Published: September 2024

Slowly expanding lesions (SELs) in adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) indicate a progressive pathological process. Whether SELs are present in pediatric‐onset MS (POMS) or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease (MOGAD) is unknown. We studied 19 children with POMS and 14 with MOGAD (median age 14.3 and 9.4 years, respectively) recruited to the Canadian Pediatric Demyelinating Disease Study with: (1) ≥3 research scans 12 months apart; and (2) ≥1 T2‐lesions on the earliest scan. A total of 70 SELs from 16 POMS participants and 1 SEL in the MOGAD group were detected. SELs are an early feature of POMS and essentially not a feature of MOGAD. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:1086–1091
A Strongly Coupled Metal/Hydroxide Heterostructure Cascades Carbon Dioxide and Nitrate Reduction Reactions toward Efficient Urea Electrosynthesis
Authors: Ye Wei , Zhang Ye , Chen Liang , Wu Fangfang , Yao Yuanhui , Wang Wei , Zhu Genping , Jia Gan , Bai Zhongchao , Dou Shixue , Gao Peng , Wang Nana , Wang Guoxiu
Published: September 2024

The direct coupling of nitrate ions and carbon dioxide for urea synthesis presents an appealing alternative to the Bosch–Meiser process in industry. The simultaneous activation of carbon dioxide and nitrate, however, as well as efficient C−N coupling on single active site, poses significant challenges. Here, we propose a novel metal/hydroxide heterostructure strategy based on synthesizing an Ag−CuNi(OH)2 composite to cascade carbon dioxide and nitrate reduction reactions for urea electrosynthesis. The strongly coupled metal/hydroxide heterostructure interface integrates two distinct sites for carbon dioxide and nitrate activation, and facilitates the coupling of *CO (on silver, where * denotes an active site) and *NH2 (on hydroxide) for urea formation. Moreover, the strongly coupled interface optimizes the water splitting process and facilitates the supply of active hydrogen atoms, thereby expediting the deoxyreduction processes essential for urea formation. Consequently, our Ag−CuNi(OH)2 composite delivers a high urea yield rate of 25.6 mmol gcat.−1 h−1 and high urea Faradaic efficiency of 46.1 %, as well as excellent cycling stability. This work provides new insights into the design of dual‐site catalysts for C−N coupling, considering their role on the interface.
Facile Synthesis of Potassium Decahydrido‐Monocarba‐closo‐Decaborate Imidazole Complex Electrolyte for All‐Solid‐State Potassium Metal Batteries
Authors: Lu Zhiwei , Qiu Pengtao , Zhai Hanyu , Zhang Guo‐Guo , Chen Xin‐Wei , Lu Zhansheng , Wu Yiying , Chen Xuenian
Published: September 2024

All‐solid‐state potassium metal batteries have caught increasing interest owing to their abundance, cost‐effectiveness, and high energy/power density. However, their development is generally constrained by the lack of suitable solid‐state electrolytes. Herein, we report a new complex KCB9H10 ⋅ 2C3H4N2, synthesized by grinding and heating the mixture of potassium decahydrido‐monocarba‐closo‐decaborate (KCB9H10) and imidazole (C3H4N2) under mild conditions, to achieve the K‐ion superionic solid‐state electrolyte. The crystal structure was revealed as an orthorhombic lattice with the space group of Pna21 by FOX software. The diffusion properties for K+ in the crystal structure were calculated using the climbing image nudged elastic band (CI‐NEB) method. KCB9H10 ⋅ 2C3H4N2 exhibited a high ionic conductivity of 1.3×10−4 S cm−1 at 30 °C, four orders of magnitude higher than that of KCB9H10. This ionic conductivity is also the highest value of hydridoborate‐based K+ conductors reported. Moreover, KCB9H10 ⋅ 2C3H4N2 demonstrated a K+ transference number of 0.96, an electrochemical stability window of 1.2 to 3.2 V vs. K/K+, and good stability against the K metal coated by a layer of potassium imidazolate (KIm). These great performances make KCB9H10 ⋅ 2C3H4N2 a promising K‐ion solid‐state electrolyte.
A Supramolecular‐Nanocage‐Based Framework Stabilized by π‐π Stacking Interactions with Enhanced Photocatalysis
Authors: Mei Jian‐Hua , Lai Shan , Gong Yun‐Nan , Shi Wen‐Jie , Deng Ji‐Hua , Lu Tong‐Bu , Zhong Di‐Chang
Published: September 2024

π frameworks, defined as a type of porous supramolecular materials weaved from conjugated molecular units by π‐π stacking interactions, provide a new direction in photocatalysis. However, such examples are rarely reported. Herein, we report a supramolecular‐nanocage‐based π framework constructed from a photoactive Cu(I) complex unit. Structurally, 24 Cu(I) complex units stack together through π‐π stacking interactions, forming a truncated octahedral nanocage with sodalite topology. The inner diameter of the nanocage is 2.8 nm. By sharing four open faces, each nanocage connects with four equivalent ones, forming a 3D porous π framework (π‐2). π‐2 shows good thermal and chemical stability, which can adsorb CO2, iodine, and methyl orange molecules. More importantly, π‐2 can serve as a photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. With ultrafine Pt subnanometer particles (0.9±0.1 nm) incorporated into the nanocages as a co‐catalyst, the hydrogen evolution rate reaches a record‐high value of 524012 μmol/gPt/h in the absence of any additional photosensitizers. The high photocatalytic activity can be ascribed to the ultrafine size of the Pt particles, as well as the fast electron transfer from π‐2 to the highly active Pt upon illumination. π‐2 represents the unique stable supramolecular‐cage‐based π framework with excellent photocatalytic activity.
Single‐Luminophore Molecular Engineering for Rapidly Phototunable Solid‐State Luminescence
Authors: Sun Hao , Yu Zidong , Li Chenzi , Zhang Man , Shen Shen , Li Mingde , Liu Mouwei , Li Zhongyu , Wu Dayu , Zhu Liangliang
Published: September 2024

Smart materials enabling emission intensity or wavelength tuning by light stimulus have attracted attention in cutting‐edge fields. However, due to the general limitation of the dense molecular stacking (in solid states, especially in crystals) on photoresponsivity, constructing rapidly phototunable solid‐state luminescent systems remains challenging. Herein, we present a new luminophore that serves as both a photoresponsive and a luminous group with enhanced conformational freedom to attain this goal, namely, relying on photoexcitation‐induced molecular conformational change of an ionized persulfurated arene based on weak intermolecular aliphatic C−H⋅⋅⋅π interaction. Together with the phosphorescence characteristic of the molecule itself, rapidly enhanced phosphorescence upon irradiation can be observed in a series of phase states, like solution state, crystal, and amorphous state, especially with a high photoresponsive rate of 0.033 s−1 in crystal state that is superior to the relevant reported cases. Moreover, a rapidly phototunable afterglow effect is achieved by extending this molecule into some polymer‐based doping systems, endowing the system with unique dynamic imaging and fast photopatterning capabilities. This single‐luminophore molecular engineering and underlying mechanism have implications for building other condensed functional materials, principally for those with stimuli responses in solid states.
Unraveling the Role of Electron‐Withdrawing Molecules for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Jiang Xiaoqing , Dong Kaiwen , Li Pingping , Zheng Likai , Zhang Bingqian , Yin Yanfeng , Yang Guangyue , Wang Linqin , Wang Minhuan , Li Suying , Zhu Lina , Niu Shiyuan , Yu Shitao , Liu Shiwei , Tian Wenming , Guo Xin , Wei Mingyang , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Sun Licheng , Pang Shuping , Grätzel Michael
Published: September 2024

Electron‐withdrawing molecules (EWMs) have exhibited remarkable efficacy in boosting the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the underneath mechanisms governing their positive attributes remain inadequately understood. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive study on EWMs by comparing 2,2′‐(2,5‐cyclohexadiene‐1,4‐diylidene) bismalononitrile (TCNQ) and (2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐2,5‐cyclohexadiene‐1,4‐diylidene) dimalononitrile (F4TCNQ) employed at the perovskite/hole transport layer (HTL) interfaces. Our findings reveal that EWMs simultaneously enhance chemical passivation, interface dipole effect, and chemically binding of the perovskite to the HTL. Notably, F4TCNQ, with its superior electron‐withdrawing properties, demonstrates a more pronounced impact. Consequently, PCSs modified with F4TCNQ achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.21 %, while demonstrating excellent long‐term stability. Moreover, the PCE of a larger‐area perovskite module (14.0 cm2) based on F4TCNQ reached 21.41 %. This work illuminates the multifaceted mechanisms of EWMs at the interfaces in PSCs, delivering pivotal insights that pave the way for the sophisticated design and strategic application of EWMs, thereby propelling the advancement of perovskite photovoltaic technology.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial, DNA Interactions, In Vitro Cytotoxicity, and Cell Cycle Analysis Efficiency of Newly Nano‐Sized Cu (II), Ni (II), Co (II), and Zn (II) Thio‐Schiff Base Complexes of 2‐((E)‐((4,5‐Dimethyl‐2‐(((E)‐4‐Methylbenzylidene)Amino)Phenyl)imino)Methyl)‐Benzenethiol
Authors: Aldulmani Sharah A. , Hakami Othman , M. A. Alaghaz Abdel‐Nasser
Published: September 2024

Nano‐sized bivalent metal complexes, specifically [M(L)2] with L = 2‐((E)‐((4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐(((E)‐4‐methylbenzylidene)amino)phenyl)‐imino)methyl)benzenethiol] (C23H22N2S) and M = Cu (II) (C1), Co (II) (C2), Ni (II) (C3), and Zn (II) (C4), underwent synthesis and subsequent characterization. Elemental analyses, infrared, NMR, mass, electronic, magnetic susceptibility, conductivity assessments, and X‐ray diffraction studies were used to assess our bivalent metal complexes. DFT studies were used to study the tautomeric equilibrium of the tridentate thio‐Schiff base ligand (HL), via the DFT\B3LYP method in connection with a 6–311G* correlation consistent basis set. Two tautomers, which are thione and thiol forms, were studied to estimate the predominant one. The metal formed four coordinated with the tridentate N2S donor thio‐Schiff base to form octahedral geometry complexes. The SEM, TEM, XRD, AFM, and EDX of the studied complexes unveiled distinct and strong diffraction peaks, signifying their crystalline nature and providing evidence of their particle sizes being within the nano‐size. The crystal sizes calculated for all complexes were determined to be ranging from 27.73 to 76.39 nm. The interactions between metal complexes and calf thymus DNA, and their potential for mimicking insulin activity, were investigated in a controlled lab setting by measuring their ability to inhibit alpha‐amylase. The antimicrobial potential of thio‐Schiff base ligand (HL) plus complexes (C1–C4) were tested. The viscosity and UV–Vis absorption determinations were utilized to assess the calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) interaction with the nano‐sized metal (II) chelates. Our flow cytometry data indicate significant levels of apoptosis and cell cycle arresting in both liver and breast cancer cell lines.
Polydopamine‐coated iron‐nickel alloy and epoxy composites for electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Kim Hakjeong , Jeon Sera , Cho Yun Seong , Huang Chenyao , Na Seongmin , Lee Jihun , Chung Youngwook , Kang Joohoon , Kim Sang‐Woo , Choi Dukhyun
Published: September 2024

With the development of electronic devices and wireless communication technology, the quality of human life has improved. However, shielding from electromagnetic interference (EMI) is required due to device malfunctions and harmful effects on human health. Polymer‐based shielding materials getting much attention due to their light weight, flexibility, good processability, and other desirable traits. However, achieving consistent dispersion of conductive fillers and optimizing the balance between electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties remain challenges despite the advantages of polymer‐based materials. Especially, epoxy resins are promising polymer materials for EMI shielding applications due to their excellent mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and excellent adhesive properties. Additionally, epoxy resin exhibits remarkable processability allowing for various fabrication techniques such as casting, molding, and three‐dimensional printing. However, one of the significant drawbacks of epoxy resin is the difficulty in achieving uniform dispersion of conductive fillers within the epoxy matrix. In this study, we propose an iron‐nickel alloy (FeNi) embedded in an epoxy matrix (FeNi/Epoxy) for EMI shielding material. It is manufactured by facile fabrication process due to the advantages of epoxy, which has excellent processability. EMI shielding effectiveness at 12 GHz is enhanced from 9.12 to 17.86 dB by the increase of FeNi concentrations. Furthermore, thermal and mechanical properties were improved by the increase of FeNi concentration. Thermal conductivity for efficient heat dissipation is increased from 0.63 to 1.49 Wm−1 K−1. Moreover, polydopamine (PDA) was employed as a surface coating material for FeNi to overcome the non‐uniform dispersion of FeNi particles in the epoxy matrix. Surface coating by PDA significantly enhanced the dispersion uniformity and strengthened the adhesion between the filler and matrix. Elastic modulus is greatly increased from 83.03 MPa to 1.29 GPa by the surface coating. The enhancement of mechanical properties is derived from the chemical bonds between the filler and matrix.
A Review of Integrated Photonic Devices Using Sb2Se3
Authors: Chen Xiaojun , Lin Jiao , Wang Ke
Published: September 2024

The silicon photonic technology is a highly promising option for photonic integrated circuits and has attracted intensive interests, particularly since it can utilize complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor processing techniques and facilities, thereby realizing high‐density photonic integrations with low‐cost. Unfortunately, the thermo‐optic and the carrier dispersion effects, which are the typical means of tuning silicon photonics devices, bring the drawbacks of high power consumption and large device size due to the relatively weak effect with a small refractive index change and being volatile. For overcoming these drawbacks, phase‐change materials are introduced into silicon photonic devices, where VO2 and Ge2Sb2Te5 are the most commonly used ones. However, the key disadvantage of large loss resulting from them limits further improving the performances of integrated photonic devices. Therefore, Sb2Se3 has seen increasing interests recently in the design of silicon photonic integrated devices, benefiting from the advantages of having extremely low loss over the C‐band and being non‐volatile. In this paper, the trending recent studies about integrated optical devices are systematically reviewed using Sb2Se3, which are classified according to the device function.
Automated Robotic Cell Fabrication Technology for Stacked‐Type Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Matsuda Shoichi , Kimura Shin , Takahashi Misato
Published: September 2024

Rechargeable lithium‐oxygen batteries (LOBs) are gaining interest as next‐generation energy storage devices due to their superior theoretical energy density. While recent years have seen successful operation of LOBs with high cell‐level energy density, the technology for cell fabrication is still in its infancy. This is because the cell fabrication procedure for LOBs is quite different from that of conventional lithium‐ion batteries. The study presents a fully automated sequential robotic experimental setup for the fabrication of stacked‐type LOB cells. This approach allows for high accuracy and high throughput fabrication of the cells. The developed system enables the fabrication of over 80 cells per day, which is 10 times higher than conventional human‐based experiments. In addition, the high alignment accuracy during the electrode stacking and electrolyte injection process results in improved battery performance and reproducibility. The effectiveness of the developed system was also confirmed by investigating a multi‐component electrolyte to maximize battery performance. We believe the methodology demonstrated in the present study is beneficial for accelerating the research and development of LOBs.
Impact of energy saving and emission reduction policy: Empirical evidence from regional and local business in China
Authors: Bi Shenghao , Zhang Wanying , Yan Zhenjun , Appolloni Andrea
Published: September 2024

Reducing energy intensity (EI) is essential to promoting sustainable development. The “National Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Comprehensive Demonstration Fiscal Policy” (ESERP) is the green fiscal policy adopted by China in an effort to maximize energy use and promote sustainable development. The paper analyzes the influence of ESERP on EI from regional and business standpoint. The results indicate that ESERP is effective in reducing EI, especially when it is implemented in noneastern, low administrative, and high urbanization cities. This policy effect is realized by promoting green technology innovation and enhancing industrial structural upgrading. However, ESERP enhances EI of neighboring areas around the pilot cities, especially within 200 to 400 km of the perimeter. Meanwhile, the co‐implementation of ESERP and smart city pilot policies is beneficial in reducing EI. Additionally, business strategy analysis indicates that ESERP effectively reduces EI of firms, especially in private, technology‐intensive, asset‐intensive, and heavy polluting firms. This paper provides empirical experience for optimizing green fiscal policy and promoting sustainable business development, which has significant policy guidance value and business strategy significance.
Decarbonization types of medium‐sized and mid‐cap firms in the manufacturing sector
Authors: Block Joern , Lorenzen Solvej , Steinmetz Holger
Published: September 2024

The decarbonization of the manufacturing sector is needed to meet the climate goals set by the Paris agreement. Most research so far has focused on large firms. Yet, medium‐sized and mid‐cap firms also face increasing pressures to decarbonize, particularly in their role as suppliers of large firms. Prior research shows that these firms are very heterogeneous and that approaches to decarbonize are not adopted in isolation but within sets or configurations—hence, a detailed investigation of these configurations is fruitful to understand the multiplicity of responses to decarbonization. Such an understanding allows to develop an effective decarbonization policy for medium‐sized and mid‐cap firms and provide meaningful managerial advice. Using a latent‐profile analysis, our study identifies five distinct decarbonization types of medium‐sized firms in the German manufacturing sector that adopt a specific configuration of decarbonization strategies. These types can be described as decarbonization all‐rounders, internal supply chain decarbonizers, total supply chain decarbonizers, decarbonization laggards and decarbonization sceptics. A comparison of these five decarbonization types reveals significant differences in stakeholder pressures, green capabilities and green innovation as well as firm performance and (structural) firm characteristics.
Discovery and Bioactivity Evaluation of Citrinin Derivatives from the Mangrove Sediment‐Derived Fungus Talaromyces sp. SCSIO 41428
Authors: Li Xinlong , Cai Jian , Chen Xinqi , Wu Yanghongyu , Liu Yonghong , Luo Xiaowei , Zhou Xuefeng
Published: September 2024

A dimeric citrinin derivative with a unique spiro[chroman‐2,3′‐isochroman] skeleton, xerucitrinic acid C (1), and a new citrinin derivative, cladosporin E (6), along with ten known polyketides (2–5 and 7–12), were isolated from the mangrove sediment‐derived fungus Talaromyces sp. SCSIO 41428. Their structures were elucidated through comprehensive spectral data analysis. The absolute configurations of 1 and 6 were determined by quantum chemical calculations. Compound 1 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus suis, with the MIC of 25 μg/mL for both bacterial strains. Xerucitrinin C (3) exhibited significant radical scavenging activity against DPPH, with an IC50 value of 25.4 μM, and also demonstrated inhibitory activity against phosphodiesterase‐4 (PDE4). Moreover, cladosporin C (7) notably inhibited prostate cancer cells PC‐3 and 22Rv1, with IC50 values of 6.10 and 9.25 μM, respectively.
Surface Chemistry of a Halogenated Borazine: From Supramolecular Assemblies to a Random Covalent BN‐Substituted Carbon Network
Authors: Sena Tömekce Birce , Cuxart Marc G. , Caputo Laura , Poletto Daniele , Charlier Jean‐Christophe , Bonifazi Davide , Auwärter Willi
Published: September 2024

The on‐surface synthesis strategy has emerged as a promising route for fabricating well‐defined two‐dimensional (2D) BN‐substituted carbon nanomaterials with tunable electronic properties. This approach relies on specially designed precursors and requires a thorough understanding of the on‐surface reaction pathways. It promises precise structural control at the atomic scale, thus complementing chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In this study, we investigated a novel heteroatomic precursor, tetrabromoborazine, which incorporates a BN core and an OH group, on Ag(111) using low temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy/spectroscopy (LT‐STM/STS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Through sequential temperature‐induced reactions involving dehalogenation and dehydrogenation, distinct tetrabromoborazine derivatives were produced as reaction intermediates, leading to the formation of specific self‐assemblies. Notably, the resulting intricate supramolecular structures include a chiral kagomé lattice composed of molecular dimers exhibiting a unique electronic signature. The final product obtained was a random covalent carbon network with BN‐substitution and embedded oxygen heteroatoms. Our study offers valuable insights into the significance of the structure and functionalization of BN precursors in temperature‐induced on‐surface reactions, which can help future rational precursor design. Additionally, it introduces complex surface architectures that offer a high areal density of borazine cores.
Anchoring Pt Single‐Atom Sites on Vacancies of MgO(Al) Nanosheets as Bifunctional Catalysts to Accelerate Hydrogenation‐Cyclization Cascade Reactions
Authors: Xie Deqiong , Xue Ruifang , Dou Kecan , Song Yaping , Fu Yanghe , Zhang Fumin , Chen De‐Li , Zhu Weidong
Published: September 2024

The direct hydrogenation of 2‐nitroacylbenzene to 2,1‐benzisoxazole presents a significant challenge in the pharmaceutical and fine chemicals industries. In this study, a defect engineering strategy is employed to create bifunctional single‐atom catalysts (SACs) by anchoring Pt single atoms onto metal vacancies within MgO(Al) nanosheets. The resultant Pt1/MgO(Al) SAC displays an exceptional catalytic activity and selectivity in the hydrogenation‐cyclization of 2‐nitroacylbenzene, achieving a 97.5 % yield at complete conversion and a record‐breaking turnover frequency of 458.8 h−1 under the mild conditions. The synergistic catalysis between the fully exposed single‐atom Pt sites within a unique Pt‐O−Mg/Al moiety and the abundant basic sites of the MgO(Al) support is responsible for this outstanding catalytic performance. The current work, therefore, paves the way for developing bifunctional or multifunctional SACs that can enhance efficient organocatalytic conversions.
Highly Twisted Fenestrindane‐Based Porous Nanographenes
Authors: Sun Xiao‐Qing , Li Yuke , Kuck Dietmar , Chow Hak‐Fun
Published: September 2024

Two fenestrindane‐based porous nanographenes containing four polyaromatic macrocycles in a highly twisted, basically S4–symmetric conformation were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Stepwise π‐extension at the periphery of the fenestrindane core by a sequence of eightfold Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling, fourfold Scholl cyclodehydrogenation and another eightfold Suzuki‐Miyaura reaction affords the porous nanographene precursors in good yields. In the last step, fourfold intramolecular Yamamoto coupling generates the porous nanographenes in 17‐18 %‐yield. Their optical and electronic properties were studied by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. DFT calculations revealed structural details of the macrocycles. The surprisingly weak binding of these porous structures with chloride ions (K≈10 M−1) is attributed to their highly twisted conformation. The title compounds represent the first porous nanographenes based on the [5.5.5.5]fenestrane motif and, at the same time, they consist of a fenestrane‐like polyarylene network.
Molecular Aggregation to and from Disaggregation of an Organic Emitter for Strategic Emission Modulation
Authors: Paul Provakar , Samanta Saikat , Chatterjee Arunavo , Mondal Bibhas , Kanti Roy Ujjal , Majumdar Tapas , Mallick Arabinda
Published: September 2024

“Aggregation‐caused fluorescence quenching” is a well‐established phenomenon by now. The procedure from aggregation to disaggregation usually causes a revival of emission signals, and thus affords an interesting new path to design “turn‐on” optical probes. For this purpose, the photophysics, energetics and dynamics of supra‐molecular encapsulation induced disaggregation of a self‐assembled bis‐indole derivative, 3,3’‐bisindolyl(phenyl)methane (BIPM), and its further reaggregation are reported herein. Compared to disaggregation strategies, its reverse process, reaggregation, has received much less attention so far. The gamma‐cyclodextrin (γ‐CD) molecules were found to be effective in disaggregating the BIPM associations and emission enhancement, whereas, the incorporation of guanidine hydrochloride (Gnd‐HCl) into the aqueous solution of disaggregated BIPM monomers in γ‐CD environment resulted in probe reaggregation leading to quenching of the restored emission. Here, γ‐CD and Gnd‐HCl can be considered as the molecular modulators of BIPM fluorescence based on the disaggregation–reaggregation mechanisms. The spectroscopic and thermodynamic findings associated with the disaggregation‐reaggregation processes might be insightful in reversible controlling of molecular aggregation and the associated optical properties for diverse applications.
Ruthenium Clusters Modification Carbon Layer‐Encapsulated NiCoP Nanoneedles as Advanced Electrocatalyst for Efficient Seawater Splitting Application
Authors: Liu Zhiwei , Ning Xueer , Hao Aize , Khan Muhammad Farooq , Rehman Shania
Published: September 2024

Developing efficient and durable electrocatalyst for seawater splitting is crucial in hydrogen production. Herein, a multi‐scale design strategy was employed to fabricate ruthenium clusters modification carbon layer‐encapsulated nickel‐cobalt‐phosphorus (Ru/C/NiCoP) nanoneedles electrocatalyst supported on nickel foam (NF). We demonstrated that Ru/C/NiCoP/NF exhibited exceptional oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performances, with low overpotential, Tafel slope and superior stability. Furthermore, the electrocatalytic mechanism of Ru/C/NiCoP was elucidated through the combination of ex‐situ and in‐situ characterizations, along with comprehensive electrochemical tests. Strikingly, Ru clusters and the NiCoP with carbon layer engendered robust electronic interaction reaction, accelerated the charge transfer rate, provided more active sites, and enhanced intrinsic catalytic activity, thus substantially promoting the OER kinetics and HER reaction steps as well as stability. In addition, the two‐electrode system constructed with Ru/C/NiCoP/NF achieved current density of 10 mA cm−2 in both pure water and seawater at ultra‐low potential of 1.46/1.47 V, with Faraday efficiency close to 100 %. Even at higher current density of 100 mA cm−2, the required driving voltage remained low at 1.75/1.77 V, maintaining stable operation for 150 h, outperforming most reported non‐noble catalysts. This innovative strategy provides facile and versatile approach for developing advanced electrocatalysts in seawater electrolysis application.
High Young′s Modulus LixTiO2 Layer Suppressing the Pulverization and Deactivation of Lithiophilic Ag Nanoparticles
Authors: Dai Wangqi , Lu Jia , Wang Yuke , Cheng Xinyu , Yu Le , Wang Chungeng , Fu Zhengwen
Published: September 2024

Anode‐free Lithium metal batteries, with their high energy density (>500 Wh/kg), are emerging as a promising solution for high‐energy‐density rechargeable batteries. However, the Coulombic Efficiency and capacity often decline due to interface side reactions. To address this, a lithiophilic layer is introduced, promoting stable and uniform Li deposition. Despite its effectiveness, this layer often undergoes electrochemical deactivation over time. This work investigates lithiophilic silver (Ag), prepared via magnetron sputtering on a copper (Cu) current collector. Finite element simulations identify stress changes from alloying reactions as a key cause of Ag particle pulverization and deactivation. A high Young′s modulus coating layer is proposed to mitigate this. The Ag2TiO3@Ag@TiO2@Cu composite electrode, designed with multi‐layer structures, demonstrates a slower deactivation process through galvanostatic electrochemical cycling. Characterization methods such as SEM, AFM, and TEM confirm the suppression of Ag particle pulverization, while uncoated Ag fractures and deactivates. This work uncovers a potential failure mechanism of lithiophilic metallic nanoparticles and proposes a strategy for deactivation suppression using an artificial coating layer.
Implementation of Electromagnetic Theory: Improved Analysis and Design for Class F Power Amplifier
Authors: Rahaman Syed Enamur , Dwari Santanu , Mandal Mirnal Kanti
Published: September 2024

The general electromagnetic (EM) theory has not yet been applied to the analysis of Class F (CF) power amplifier (PA). In this paper, an alternative approach for CF PA is presented based on the EM theory. Theoretical analysis shows that the CF PA can be divided into two broad categories, forward voltage gain, and reflected voltage gain PA. The existing CF PA belongs to the reflected voltage gain PA. Even though both the CF PAs have the same voltage gain, the PA with forward voltage gain provides higher fundamental power Ps,1@F and drain efficiency PAE@F than that CF PA with reflected voltage gain and Class B PA. This important conclusion is obtained as a result of this analysis, which cannot be explained by available theory in the literature. The theoretical analysis is validated at 2.2 GHz by fabrication and measurements. According to the results, Ps,1@B = 31.8 dBm and PAE@B = 53.27% in Class B PA. In CF PA with reflected voltage gain, Ps,1@F = 30.20 dBm and PAE@F = 48.6%. Both cases have lower power and PAE as compared to new category of CF PA. This new CF PA with forward voltage gain has, Ps,1@F = 33.04 dBm and PAE@F = 63.7%.
Design and Control of DVR Based on Adaptive Bateman Polynomial for Power Quality Improvement
Authors: Rai Kanchan Bala , Kumar Narendra , Singh Alka
Published: September 2024

Power quality issues encompass a spectrum of disturbances that affect the stability and reliability of the power supply. This study explores voltage‐related anomalies, including sags, surges, flickers, unbalances, harmonics, interruptions, and swells, examining their origins, characteristics, and repercussions. These issues arise from a myriad of sources, such as load fluctuations, equipment malfunctions, and grid dynamics. The ramifications of these disturbances extend to equipment malfunctions, reduced operational efficiency, and financial losses. Dynamic voltage restorer (DVRs) are series custom power devices for mitigating these voltage‐related anomalies and use real‐time monitoring and control to quickly inject exact voltages into the grid during disruptions, restoring voltage levels to acceptable levels. This study demonstrates the capacity of DVRs to successfully alleviate power quality concerns, hence improving equipment dependability and system stability by analyzing case studies and simulation findings. The control system used to supply switching signals to the voltage source converter (VSC) of the DVR is based on adaptive Bateman polynomial (ABMP). Traditional DVR control techniques often rely on fixed or linear control strategies, which may not adequately handle varying load conditions and disturbances. ABMP offers an adaptive approach where the control parameters can adjust dynamically based on real‐time system conditions. This adaptive capability enhances the accuracy of voltage restoration, ensuring that the DVR responds optimally to varying loads and disturbances. During voltage sag and swell conditions at the grid side, the VSC injects the compensating voltage in series with the feeder with a constant switching frequency. A battery energy‐supported system (BESS) based DVR is considered for the proposed system. The supply is connected to the critical and sensitive loads. The proposed control scheme is validated through extensive simulation and experimental results.
Coordination Behaviors Between Aryl Diamide Amine Ligands and Trivalent Lanthanides: A Spectroscopic and Structural Study
Authors: Fang Dong , Gao Fengxin , Yang Xiaofan , Miao YuJie , Xiao Chengliang
Published: September 2024

Investigating the complexation of organic ligands with trivalent lanthanides (Ln(III)) is crucial in various fields, particularly in the separation of actinides from lanthanides for spent fuel reprocessing. While alkyl diamide amine ligands have been extensively studied, aryl‐functionalized ligands are rarely reported. To understand the effect of substituents on the coordination mode of diamide amine ligands with Ln(III), two aryl‐substituted diamide amine ligands, 2,2′‐(p‐tolylazanediyl)bis(N‐ethyl‐N‐(p‐tolyl)acetamide) (L1) and 2,2′‐((2‐ethylhexyl)azanediyl)bis(N‐ethyl‐N‐(p‐tolyl)acetamide) (L2), were synthesized and systematically studied. 1H NMR titration showed that metal ion coordination affected the electron density of methylene groups near coordinating atoms more than that of aromatic rings, while fluorescence titration and single‐crystal analysis confirmed 1 : 1 ligand‐Ln(III) complexes. Compared to alkyl diamide amine ligands, aryl groups increased steric hindrance, enhancing torsional strain and preventing amine nitrogen from participating in complexation, leading to weaker coordination as only two carbonyl oxygen atoms coordinated with Ln(III) in a bidentate mode. This work provides insight into how substituents influence the complexation properties of diamide amine ligands with f‐elements, aiding in the design of new ligands with improved performance.
Clinical outcome of salvage surgery in patients with recurrent oral cavity cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Oh‐Hyeong , Bang Jooin , Kim Geun‐Jeon , Sun Dong‐il , Kim Sang‐Yeon
Published: September 2024

This systematic review and meta‐analysis investigated the impact of salvage surgery on 5‐year overall survival (OS) and prognostic factors in recurrent oral cavity cancer (rOCC) patients. Relevant literature before May 2022 was reviewed, including retrospective cohort studies and observational studies comparing salvage surgery to other treatments. Risk‐of‐bias assessments were conducted using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Statistical and subgroup analyses assessed the impact of salvage surgery on 5‐year OS and prognostic factors. 3036 documents were initially retrieved, with 14 retrospective cohort studies (2069 participants) included. Meta‐analysis of 5‐year OS in salvage surgery patients yielded a rate of 43.0%. Subgroup analysis showed higher OS in Asians (49.9% vs. 36.9%, p = 0.003) and late‐relapse (63.8% vs. 30.0%, p = 0.004) groups. Prognostic factors revealed hazards associated with nodal recurrence, extranodal extension, and perineural invasion. Salvage surgery is a viable option for rOCC patients, showing favorable 5‐year OS outcomes. Low publication bias enhances study reliability, but its single‐arm design limits conclusions on salvage surgery superiority over other treatments.
Research on the mechanism of HOPX‐HDAC2 interaction inducing differentiation blockage in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: He Fang , Tu Yan , Ni Lihong
Published: September 2024

Homeodomain‐only protein homeobox (HOPX) mainly exerts its transcriptional repression by physically sequestering the serum co‐repressor and recruiting histone deacetylase (HDAC), possessing important potential as a prognostic gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). HDACs play crucial roles in cell growth, gene regulation, and metabolism, and they are also important factors in promoting AML progression. Therefore, this project attempts to investigate whether HOPX affects AML progression by interacting with HDAC2 protein. Bioinformatics analysis was employed to identify potential prognostic genes in AML. Flow cytometry and MTT assays were performed to analyze the cellular biological functions of the AML prognostic marker HOPX. The interaction network of HOPX was analyzed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database, and the interaction between HOPX and HDAC2 was observed using endogenous and exogenous immunoprecipitation. HOPX is highly expressed in AML cells. Further research uncovered that low expression of HOPX can repress the proliferation activity, anti‐apoptotic ability, and differentiation blockage of AML cells. Moreover, mechanistically, HOPX induced AML differentiation blockage and malignant progression through interaction with HDAC. HOPX can serve as a prognostic marker for AML and can interact with HDAC2 to induce AML differentiation blockage and malignant progression.