bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Darbepoetin Alfa and Ferric Derisomaltose Plus Darbepoetin Alfa in Functional Iron-Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Sohn Sung-Hwa , Sul Heejung , Kim Bumjun , Zang Daeyoung
Published: February 2025

Functional iron-deficiency anemia (FIDA) is a side effect of many cancer treatments, occurring when chemotherapy drugs damage bone marrow cells, which are responsible for producing red blood cells, due to the myelosuppressive effects of chemotherapy, or to the cancer itself. This study was performed to compare the effects of darbepoetin alfa alone, or in combination with ferric derisomaltose in cancer patients with FIDA, and to elucidate the mechanism underlying the effects in F36E cells. F36E cells treated with darbepoetin alfa showed increased cell viability. AML and GC cells treated with darbepoetin alfa, ferric derisomaltose, or ferric derisomaltose plus darbepoetin alfa showed no induction of apoptosis. The effects of these drugs on the anticancer efficacy of PTX chemotherapy were examined by analyzing cell viability and induction of apoptosis. Darbepoetin alfa, ferric derisomaltose, and ferric derisomaltose plus darbepoetin alfa showed no significant inhibitory effects on the apoptosis-inducing activity of PTX in GC cell lines. Patients with chemotherapy-induced FIDA in Group I receiving ferric derisomaltose plus darbepoetin alfa showed higher hemoglobin levels, transferrin saturation, and ferritin levels compared to those in Group II, treated with darbepoetin alfa alone. In cancer patients with FIDA, the prognosis of anemia treatment was better in the ferric derisomaltose plus darbepoetin alfa combination group than in the group receiving darbepoetin alfa monotherapy.
Relationship Between Lifestyle and Physical Fitness Among Older Women with Sarcopenia
Authors: Sung Jun-Young , Lee Moon Jin , Kim Jiyoun
Published: February 2025

: This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the interactions between lifestyle-related, diagnostic, and physical strength-related sarcopenia factors. The study included 512 female participants aged 60–100 years from Incheon, Republic of Korea, recruited from 12 institutions. Participants engaged in the study from June to August 2023. We administered questionnaires on demographic characteristics and health indicators and undertook physical measurements, including grip strength and body composition. Hierarchical regression analysis and two-way analysis of variance were conducted to examine the association between sarcopenia and the examined variables. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Hierarchical regression analysis of the variables affecting sarcopenia showed each characteristic’s effect: Model 1 (basic characteristic): R2, 0.391; p < 0.001; Model 2 (Model 1 + additional characteristics): R2, 0.427; p < 0.001). Hierarchical regression analysis of diagnostic and fitness factors affecting sarcopenia also showed an effect on sarcopenia (Model 1 (basic characteristics): R2, 0.318; p < 0.001; Model 2 (Model 1 + body composition): R2, 0.419; p < 0.001; Model 3 (Model 2 + fitness factors): R2, 0.664; p < 0.001). This study enhances the understanding of sarcopenia by investigating its connections with sociodemographic factors, lifestyle choices, and physical activity. The study underscores that lifestyle factors sustainably influence sarcopenia while confirming its correlation with fitness-related factors. Notably, this study highlights the results that muscle function is very important in preventing sarcopenia and that continuous physical activity and types of physical activity affect it.
CircGRB14 Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis of Granulosa Cells in Chicken Follicle Selection through Sponging miR-12264-3p and miR-6660-3p
Authors: Yang Huanqi , Li Mengxiao , Zhang Beibei , Zhang Jinming , Shi Yuxiang , Ma Tenghe , Sun Yanyan
Published: February 2025

The development and selection of ovarian follicles are essential for continuous egg production in chickens. Non-coding RNAs, particularly circular RNAs (circRNAs), play a critical regulatory role in follicle selection, a process heavily involving granulosa cells (GCs). In this study, we analyzed circRNA expression profiles in small yellow follicles (SYFs) and large yellow follicles (LYFs) of Taihang chickens using RNA sequencing. We identified 14,586 circRNAs, with 57 showing differential expression (DE-circRNAs) between SYFs and LYFs. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these DE-circRNAs are involved in key biological processes, including signal transduction, cell membrane formation, and nuclear enzymatic regulation. We focused on circGRB14, a circRNA derived from the growth factor receptor-bound protein 14 (GRB14) gene, as a potential regulator of follicle selection. Using qPCR, CCK-8 proliferation assays, and Annexin V/PI apoptosis analysis, we demonstrated that circGRB14 inhibits GC proliferation and promotes apoptosis. In contrast, miR-12264-3p and miR-6660-3p, validated as direct targets of circGRB14 via Dual-Luciferase Reporter assays, exhibited opposing effects by promoting GC proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. These findings highlight the circGRB14-miR-12264-3p/miR-6660-3p axis as a key regulatory mechanism in GC dynamics during follicle selection. This study provides novel insights into the functional interplay between circRNAs and miRNAs in avian follicle development, offering potential targets for improving egg production in poultry.
The Intersection of Mitophagy and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kovacheva Eleonora , Gevezova Maria , Mehterov Nikolay , Kazakova Maria , Sarafian Victoria
Published: February 2025

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental and biobehavioral conditions that arises from complex interactions between environmental factors and physiological development in genetically predisposed individuals. Among the most frequently observed metabolic abnormalities in ASD is mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria respond to cellular stress by altering their dynamics or initiating mitophagy. In neurons, the buildup of dysfunctional mitochondria and reactive oxygen species (ROS) poses a significant risk, as these cells cannot regenerate through division. To safeguard mitochondrial health, cells rely on an efficient “clean-up mechanism” to remove compromised organelles. Mitophagy, a specific form of autophagy, is responsible for regulating the turnover of flawed and non-functional mitochondria. Impairments in this process result in the accumulation of defective mitochondria in neurons, a characteristic of several neurodegenerative disorders associated with behavioral abnormalities. This systematic review offers an in-depth summary of the present knowledge of mitophagy and underscores its pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ASD.
Usefulness of Deep Learning Techniques Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Diagnosis of Meningioma and Atypical Meningioma
Authors: Hwang Jun-Ho , Lim Seung Hoon , Park Chang Kyu
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to implement an artificial intelligence (AI) model capable of diagnosing meningioma and atypical meningioma during deep learning using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The experimental method was to acquire MRI scans of meningiomas and atypical meningiomas using the T2 weighted imaging (T2WI), T1 weighted imaging (T1WI), contrast enhanced T1WI (CE-T1WI), and contrast enhanced fluid attenuated inversion recovery (CE-FLAIR) methods. The MRI results, according to each method, were categorized into two classes for diagnosing either meningioma or atypical meningioma. The CE-FLAIR images tended to have lower learning performance compared to other methods, but all methods showed excellent diagnostic performance. We confirmed that deep learning is a useful method for diagnosing meningioma and atypical meningioma. When using MRI, if the accuracy and loss rate are improved by applying deep learning optimized for medical images, it will be possible to implement a brain tumor diagnosis model with better learning performance.
Comparative Analysis of the Mitochondrial Genomes of Three Species of Elmidae (Coleoptera: Dryopoidea)
Authors: Qin Zeliang , Li Na , Mo Yaqi , Wang Juping , Peng Yunfei , Song Fan
Published: February 2025

The mitochondrial genomes of three species of Elmidae were sequenced. The sizes were 16,309 bp (C. jaechi), 16,291 bp (G. longiusculus), and 15,480 bp (S. punctulata). Each genome includes 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and a control region (CR). All three mitogenomes show AT bias. Except for trnS1, lacking the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm, all tRNA genes had a typical cloverleaf structure. The codon usage preferences of the three species showed high similarity. The arrangement of the genes in the three mitogenomes was consistent among them but differed from that in the typical mitogenomes of Coleoptera. The Ka/Ks ratio indicated that COX1 and nad4L had a lower evolutionary rate, being relatively conserved genes among 13 PCGs. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that Elmidae belongs to the superfamily Dryopoidea within the suborder Polyphaga and is monophyletic. The results preliminarily indicate that the taxonomic groups at the subfamily, tribe, and genus levels within Elmidae are ambiguous, and further revisions may be required in the future.
Development of a Structured Cooking Program for Clients at the Senior Care Centres: A Mix-Method Feasibility Study
Authors: Wen Rachel Ng Min , En Grace Chua Mei , Hong Clement , Tay Therese Marie , Xu Tianma
Published: February 2025

A 7-week group-based cooking program led by an occupational therapist was developed for older adult clients in Senior Care Centres (SCCs) in Singapore. This study aimed to test this cooking program’s feasibility and clinical effects in a SCC. A mixed-methods study design was implemented over 3 months, which included a 7-week intervention and a booster session 1-month post-intervention. Eligible participants were screened for participation. Feasibility was assessed by recording recruitment, attendance and attrition rates. Pre- and post-assessments, including community mobility, physical function and self-perceived quality of life, at three time points, were conducted to measure functional changes. Quantitative data were analysed using repeated measure analysis of variance, and all interviews were audio-recorded with permission and transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis. Six out of seven participants completed the program with a high attendance rate (80.4%). Participants demonstrated improvements in physical functions and community mobility immediately after the intervention and at a one-month follow-up. Participants shared their motivational factors for participating and demonstrated positive changes in lifestyle routines, dietary habits, and nutritional knowledge. Social and personal factors were found to play a crucial role in their compliance and active participation in the program. Our finding suggests that a structured cooking program for older adults at an SCC is acceptable and feasible in Singapore. Finetuning of the program content is necessary before conducting a larger study.
Patient-Self Inflicted Lung Injury (P-SILI): An Insight into the Pathophysiology of Lung Injury and Management
Authors: Deshwal Himanshu , Elkhapery Ahmed , Ramanathan Rudra , Nair Deepak , Singh Isha , Sinha Ankur , Vashisht Rishik , Mukherjee Vikramjit
Published: February 2025

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a heterogeneous group of disease entities that are associated with acute hypoxic respiratory failure and significant morbidity and mortality. With a better understanding and phenotyping of lung injury, novel pathophysiologic mechanisms demonstrate the impact of a patient’s excessive spontaneous breathing effort on perpetuating lung injury. Patient self-inflicted lung injury (P-SILI) is a recently identified phenomenon that delves into the impact of spontaneous breathing on respiratory mechanics in patients with lung injury. While the studies are hypothesis-generating and have been demonstrated in animal and human studies, further clinical trials are needed to identify its impact on ARDS management. The purpose of this review article is to highlight the physiologic mechanisms of P-SILI, novel tools and methods to detect P-SILI, and to review the current literature on non-invasive and invasive respiratory management in patients with ARDS.
Limb Salvage in Patients with Concomitant Advanced Malignancy
Authors: Pang Jolyn Hui Qing , Ng Nick Zhi Peng
Published: February 2025

Background: We are experiencing an increasing number of patients presenting with advanced malignancy who are also presenting with chronic limb threatening ischemia. Method: With advancements in medicine and surgery, we are suggesting a shift in mindset of how we treat this group of patients and proposing a more holistic approach for treatment options. Result: In this original article, we highlight our approach in managing such patients and suggest an algorithm. Conclusions: We hope that our article brings awareness and assists vascular surgeons in managing such cases, resulting in improved quality of life for these patients.
The Influence of Anteroposterior Head Inclination on the Perceived Consonance of the Smile Arc and Lower Lip Curvature on Photographs: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Khadem Amir Reza , Togninalli Matteo , Antonarakis Gregory S. , Vento Cristina
Published: February 2025

Objectives: To determine the extent to which anteroposterior head inclination influences smile arc curvature assessment on frontal photographs. Materials and Methods: Sixty-three young adults participated in this study. Each had five standardized frontal-view photographs captured with posed smiles at five anteroposterior head inclinations (−20°, −10°, 0°, +10°, +20°) using a cervical range of motion device. Two curves were traced per photograph: one following the shape of the lower lip and the other the incisal edge of the maxillary anterior teeth from canine to canine (smile line). These curvatures were approximated by quadratic function and compared for concordance based on the maximum curvature of the obtained functions. A score was calculated, with 0 denoting a consonant smile (perfect concordance) and 2 a non-consonant smile. Results: Among the sixty-three participants, fifty-nine were included in the analysis after excluding those with insufficient tooth exposure in the photographs for the smile line assessment. The analysis revealed that the perceived smile line was more consonant (concordant with lower lip curvature) with a −20° head anteroposterior inclination (score: 0.146), and the least consonant with +20° anteroposterior inclination (score: 1.326), with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The smile arc curvature assessment on frontal photographs may be influenced by the anteroposterior inclination of the head on frontal photographs. However, due to the two-dimensional nature of this study, further investigations incorporating three-dimensional imaging are recommended.
A Comparison of Bilateral vs. Unilateral Flywheel Strength Training on Physical Performance in Youth Male Basketball Players
Authors: Belegišanin Bogdan , Andrić Nikola , Jezdimirović Stojanović Tatjana , Ninkov Alen , Bajić Gordan , Osmankač Nedžad , Mikić Mladen , Stojanović Marko D. M.
Published: February 2025

Background/objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of bilateral and unilateral flywheel training programs on leg strength, sprint performance, jumping, and change of direction ability in young basketball players. Methods: Twenty-two youth male basketball players were randomly assigned to two groups: the unilateral group (UG; n = 11; age = 15.5 ± 0.5 years) and the bilateral group (BG; n = 11; age = 15.2 ± 0.4 years). Both groups participated in a six-week flywheel training intervention (UG: split squat; BG: half squat) alongside their regular basketball activities. Performance measures included change of direction ability (5-0-5 test), knee extension 60 degrees/s leg strength (EX60), bilateral and unilateral countermovement jump heights (CMJ, CMJL, and CMJD), reactive strength index (RSI), and 5 m and 20 m sprint times (SPR5m and SPR20m). A 2 × 2 ANOVA was used to evaluate pre- to post-intervention changes. Results: Significant interaction effects were observed for the 5-0-5 test (F = 13.27; p = 0.02), with pre–post improvements of 8.4% and 13.3% for the BG and UG, respectively. Both groups showed significant CMJ improvements (11.4%, ES = 0.69 for the BG; 14.6%, ES = 1.4 for the UG). The UG demonstrated greater unilateral jump improvements compared to the BG. Significant RSI improvements were found for both groups (BG: 19.6%, ES = 0.95; UG: 19.6%, ES = 0.77). Both groups improved on sprint performance, with the UG showing slightly larger effect sizes. Conclusions: Unilateral flywheel strength training appeared to be a more effective strategy than bilateral training for enhancing strength, sprinting, jumping, and change of direction ability in youth basketball players.
Precision Surgery for Glioblastomas
Authors: Price Stephen J. , Hughes Jasmine G. , Jain Swati , Kelly Caroline , Sederias Ioana , Cozzi Francesca M. , Fares Jawad , Li Yonghao , Kennedy Jasmine C. , Mayrand Roxanne , Wong Queenie Hoi Wing , Wan Yizhou , Li Chao
Published: February 2025

Glioblastomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Most of the recent improvements their treatment are due to improvements in surgery. Although many would consider surgery as the most personalized treatment, the variation in resection between surgeons suggests there remains a need for objective measures to determine the best surgical treatment for individualizing therapy for glioblastoma. We propose applying a personalized medicine approach to improve outcomes for patients. We suggest looking at personalizing preoperative preparation, improving the resection target by understanding what needs removing and what ca not be removed, and better patient selection with personalized rehabilitation plans for all patients.
Testing the Reliability of ChatGPT Assistance for Surgical Choices in Challenging Glaucoma Cases
Authors: Carlà Matteo Mario , Gambini Gloria , Giannuzzi Federico , Boselli Francesco , De Luca Laura , Rizzo Stanislao
Published: February 2025

Background: This study’s aim is to assess ChatGPT’s capability to analyze detailed case descriptions in glaucomatous patients and suggest the best possible surgical treatment. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 60 medical records of surgical glaucoma cases, divided into “ordinary” cases (n = 40) and “challenging” cases (n = 20). We entered every case description into ChatGPT-3.5’s interface and inquired “What kind of surgery would you perform?”. The frequency of accurate surgical choices made by ChatGPT, compared to those reported in patients’ files, was reported. Furthermore, we assessed the level of agreement with three senior glaucoma surgeons, asked to analyze the same 60 cases and outline their surgical choices. Results: Overall, ChatGPT surgical choices were consistent with those reported in patients’ files in 47/60 cases (78%). When comparing ChatGPT choices with the three glaucoma specialists, levels of agreement were 75%, 70%, and 83%, respectively. In ordinary cases, we did not report any significant differences when comparing ChatGPT answers with those of the three glaucoma specialists, when both of them were matched with patients’ files (p > 0.05 for all). ChatGPT’s performances were lower in “challenging” cases: when compared to patients’ files, the accuracy was 13/20 (65%); when compared to glaucoma specialists, the level of agreement was 50%, 40%, and 70%, respectively. Conclusion: In ordinary conditions, ChatGPT was able to propose coherent personalized treatment plans, and its performance was comparable to that of skilled glaucoma specialists but showed its limitations in the evaluation of more complex cases.
Evaluation of Spatial Structure Resilience in Coastal Traditional Villages Using Complex Network Analysis: Case Study of Rongcheng City, Shandong Province
Authors: Wang Yuetao , Wu Chengbin , Wu Binglu , Zhao Jilong , Wang Hanyang
Published: February 2025

Coastal traditional rural settlements face increasing challenges from human activities and natural disasters driven by global climate change and rapid urbanization. Ensuring their spatial stability is essential for ecological security, economic development, and social sustainability. This study addresses the lack of unified methodologies for assessing the resilience of regional traditional village clusters by proposing a “network construction–spatial simulation–resilience assessment” framework based on complex network theory. Using the Haicao housing village cluster in Rongcheng City, China, as a case study, a spatial network model was constructed, and resilience was evaluated under both current and future scenarios using eight resilience indicators. The results show that the current spatial network structure exhibits clustering with weak interconnections among subgroups. Key nodes significantly influence network metrics, resulting in low overall resilience. In future scenarios, protective measures targeting the top 15% of villages with high development potential enhanced social connections, reduced reliance on key nodes, and improved network resilience. This study provides a quantitative method for assessing the resilience of traditional village clusters and identifies critical pathways and nodes to optimize regional spatial structures. The findings offer new perspectives for guiding the preservation and sustainable development of traditional villages.
Characteristics of 3D-Integrated GaN Power Module Under Multi Heat Source Coupling
Authors: Shi Yijun , Lv Mingen , Lu Guoguang , Hui Caixing , He Liang , Chen Xinghuan , Chen Yuan , Lu Xiangjun
Published: February 2025

3D-integrated GaN power modules can effectively reduce parasitic parameters and enhance the power system’s performance. However, the heat from each power chip during operation can lead to a mutual thermal coupling effect, potentially causing performance drift of the GaN power chips. This work investigates the impact of the thermal coupling effect in a 3D-integrated GaN power module on the characteristics of its GaN power chips. The GaN power chips’ characteristics are measured before and after the other power chips in the 3D-integrated GaN power module and after applying VGS/VDS = 3 V/1 V for 60 s. The results indicate that the thermal coupling effect in 3D-integrated GaN power modules can cause a rightward shift in the threshold voltage, reduce the response speed and on-state current, and also increase the leakage current of GaN power chips. In severe cases, the threshold voltage drift can reach up to 0.26 V, the device’s response time can increase by as much as 217 μs, the on-state current can decrease by 1.7 A, and the off-state leakage current can increase by more than 80 times. The impact of the thermal coupling effect is related to the direction of heat flow and the distance between chips. The closer the chips are to each other, the stronger the thermal coupling. It has a greater impact on the performance of chips near the bottom substrate and a lesser impact on the performance of chips at the top of the module. Typically, the influence of the thermal field generated by two chips working simultaneously is more significant than that of the thermal field generated by a single chip working alone.
Substitutions in Fe2P Alloys for Permanent Magnet Applications
Authors: Panagopoulos Vasilios , Sigalos Athanasios , Anyfantis Dimitrios I. , Niarchos Dimitrios
Published: February 2025

Fe2P (iron phosphide) alloys have garnered significant interest in recent years due to their potential applications in permanent magnet materials, particularly in the context of energy-efficient and environmentally friendly technologies. We have sought to tailor the magnetic properties, such as magnetization, coercivity, and Curie temperature, to meet the specific requirements of rare-earth-free permanent magnets for various industrial sectors. In this work, we review recent advancements in the exploration of substitutions (Si, Co, Mn, and Ni) within Fe2P alloys aimed at enhancing their magnetic performance as candidates for permanent magnets. The X-ray patterns of (Fe,Co)2P show great crystallinity with a pure Fe2P phase even with Mn and Ni substitutions. The Fe2P structure crystallizes in the P-62m space group. It has been confirmed that the transition metals substitute the 3g Fe-site, sometimes with adverse effects regarding magnetic properties with Co vs. Ni substitution, and that Si substitutes the 2c P-site. The saturation magnetization increases (MS=87 Am2/kg) with Mn substitution, while the Curie temperature decreases with these substitutions. The impact of various substitutional elements on the magnetic properties of Fe2P alloys is highlighted, and challenges encountered in this field are reported.
Mechanical Characterization of FDM 3D-Printed Components Using Advanced Measurement and Modeling Techniques
Authors: Wikło Marcin , Byczuk Bartłomiej Henryk , Skrzek Kinga
Published: February 2025

The study investigates the mechanical characterization of PET-G components fabricated via Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), integrating experimental testing with advanced numerical modeling. Initially, an extensive parametric analysis was conducted to determine the optimal printing conditions, focusing on temperature, speed, and infill density to ensure reliable and repeatable sample fabrication. Subsequently, the study employs an inverse problem-solving approach that combines Digital Image Correlation (DIC) with Finite Element Method Updating (FEMU) to identify the material parameters, specifically Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio. The methodology allows for a precise evaluation of mechanical properties by iteratively minimizing discrepancies between experimental strain fields and FEM simulations. The results reveal significant dependencies of material stiffness on infill pattern and density, with Young’s modulus varying up to 20% between different configurations. Additionally, the study highlights the limitations of conventional tensile testing for FDM materials, emphasizing the necessity for advanced full-field measurement techniques to account for anisotropy and microstructural heterogeneity. The proposed methodology enhances the accuracy of material characterization, contributing to the development of more reliable predictive models for 3D-printed components. The research provides valuable insights for optimizing FDM process parameters and establishing standardized testing protocols for additively manufactured materials.
Study on the Robust Bridge Deck Pavement System Based on Horseshoe-Shaped Shear Keys
Authors: Li Sheng , Luo Hanglin , Zhao Yichen , Zhou Xiaojun
Published: February 2025

Traditional concrete bridge decks often incorporate steel mesh to ensure connection and prevent cracking. However, the cracking in the connecting layer, low bond strength, misalignment of steel mesh, and settling at the bottom often appear. In this study, fiber-reinforced concrete was used for the bridge deck overlay, and a horseshoe-shaped shear key was employed to connect it with the beam body, forming a robust composite bridge deck system. By optimizing the concrete composition and interface bonding methods within the system, a comprehensive investigation was conducted into the compressive and splitting tensile strengths of different composite systems. The findings showed that the horseshoe-shaped shear key enhances the splitting tensile strength of the composite structural system while maintaining its compressive strength, ensuring a certain level of structural integrity during failure. As the strength grade of the steel fiber-reinforced concrete in the deck overlay increases, the compressive and splitting tensile strengths of the composite system initially rise and then stabilize, with C40 being the optimal strength grade for the deck overlay concrete. Furthermore, the overall performance of the deck overlay concrete with steel fibers is superior to that with the POM and PP fibers. The application of the YJ-302 interface bonding agent at the connection between the deck overlay and the beam body concrete further enhances the mechanical properties of the composite system.
Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Ti-6Al-4V Alloys to Correlate Their Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Maurya Anoop Kumar , Narayana Pasupuleti Lakshmi , Yeom Jong-Taek , Hong Jae-Keun , Subba Reddy Nagireddy Gari
Published: February 2025

The heat treatment process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy alters its microstructural features such as prior-β grain size, Widmanstatten α lath thickness, Widmanstatten α volume fraction, grain boundary α lath thickness, total α volume fraction, α colony size, and α platelet length. These microstructural features affect the material’s mechanical properties (UTS, YS, and %EL). The relationship between microstructural features and mechanical properties is very complex and non-linear. To understand these relationships, we developed an artificial neural network (ANN) model using experimental datasets. The microstructural features are used as input parameters to feed the model and the mechanical properties (UTS, YS, and %EL) are the output parameters. The influence of microstructural parameters was investigated by the index of relative importance (IRI). The mean edge length, colony scale factor, α lath thickness, and volume fraction affect UTS more. The model-predicted results show that the UTS of Ti-6Al-4V decreases with the increase in prior β grain size, Widmanstatten α lath thickness, grain boundaries α thickness, colony scale factor, and UTS increases with mean edge length.
Correction: Koenig et al. Characterisation of the Filler Fraction in CAD/CAM Resin-Based Composites. Materials 2021, 14, 1986
Authors: Koenig Andreas , Schmidtke Julius , Schmohl Leonie , Schneider-Feyrer Sibylle , Rosentritt Martin , Hoelzig Hieronymus , Kloess Gert , Vejjasilpa Ketpat , Schulz-Siegmund Michaela , Fuchs Florian , Hahnel Sebastian
Published: February 2025

In the original publication [...]
Real-Time Sliding Mode and Moving Sliding Mode Control of 3-DOF Linear Parallel Robot
Authors: Aydın Muhammet
Published: February 2025

In this study, the design stages of a parallel robot with 3-DOF and linear motion are presented in detail. The position control of the linear robot, which was manufactured after the design process, was achieved in real time by using the inverse kinematic equations of the robot with the SMC method and the MSMC method. The highlights of the study are that the linear robot designed for a specific purpose has a unique design and the control of a 3-DOF linear robot with a MSMC method, which has not been found so far in the literature. In order to realize real-time position control, real-time SMC is implemented in the Matlab/Simulink R2017b environment. In addition, to increase the success of the SMC, the position control of the robot was also realized by a different method of moving the sliding surface. Humusoft MF634 card is compatible with Matlab and was used to transfer data in real time. Considering the point where the robot will be fixed, control was provided for the third region of the x-y cartesian coordinate system for position control. According to the results, the robot reached the desired reference values faster in the MSMC, with a difference of approximately 2 s. The robot reached the targeted values in 9.492 s with a maximum error of 0.06%, showing the effectiveness of the control mechanism. Considering the large size of the robot limbs, this result is satisfactory.
Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeast Fermentation to Improve the Nutritional Value of Ulva rigida
Authors: Brandão Marta , Marques Diogo J. , Sousa Sofia , Mateus Marília , Pinheiro Helena M. , da Fonseca M. Manuela R. da , Pires Carla , Nunes Maria Leonor , Marques António , Cesário M. Teresa
Published: February 2025

Aquaculture reliance on fishmeal protein has become a bottleneck due to long-term sustainability concerns and increasing costs. Given its abundance and nutrient-rich profile, the green macroalga Ulva rigida is a promising alternative protein source. However, the bioaccessibility of its proteins is hindered by an embedding matrix of ulvan, a gel-forming polysaccharide. Saccharification of the alga crude fiber followed by microbial fermentation improves protein bioaccessibility and leads to products of higher protein content and quality. Also, upon fermentation, the nutritional and bioactive properties of these feed ingredients are enhanced, since microorganisms synthesize vitamins, new proteins, and essential amino acids. The carbohydrate fraction of Ulva rigida was hydrolyzed into a sugar-rich syrup and subsequently used as a substrate in microbial fermentations. Three types of fermentation were tested, namely, with a consortium of four lactic acid bacteria (LAB), with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and with a co-culture of lactobacilli and yeast. A functional analysis of lyophilized whole-fermentation broths revealed that the yeast-fermented products had stronger antioxidant properties when compared to the LAB-fermented products. The protein bioaccessibility in the fermented products was 11- to 12-fold higher than that of the raw alga. These findings highlight the potential of utilizing S. cerevisiae and lactobacilli starter cultures in seaweed fermentation to produce Ulva-based feed ingredients.
Analysis of Postoperative Bleeding After Oral Surgery in Patients Receiving Anticoagulants: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Lee Jae-Il , Seo Hyejun , Cho Yeong-Cheol , Son Jang-Ho , Sung Iel-Yong
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Patients taking anticoagulants, particularly warfarin and non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs), face an elevated risk of postoperative bleeding during minor oral surgeries, highlighting the urgent need to identify reliable predictors for bleeding complications. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of predictors of bleeding complications in patients receiving anticoagulants who underwent minor oral surgeries. Materials and Methods: The electronic medical and dental records of 206 patients who underwent oral surgery at the University of Ulsan Hospital between 2015 and 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were categorized into those taking warfarin and those taking NOACs, and postoperative bleeding was determined. Risk factors were statistically analyzed using the chi-square or Fisher’s exact test and Student’s t-test. Results: Among the 206 patients (86 on warfarin, 120 on NOACs), 84 (36 on warfarin, 48 on NOACs) experienced bleeding complications following their procedures. Time in the therapeutic range (TTR) and international normalized ratio (INR) values were significantly associated with bleeding complications in the warfarin group, while the type of NOAC was associated with bleeding in the NOAC group. Perioperative bleeding was significantly correlated with postoperative bleeding in both groups. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings highlight the correlations between postoperative bleeding and specific factors associated with anticoagulant drugs in patients that underwent oral surgery. Identifying these predictors can improve patient management by enhancing pre- and perioperative assessments, reducing the risk of bleeding, and optimizing surgical outcomes.
Effect of Leaching of Ionic Rare Earth Ores on the Permeability Coefficient of Mineral Soil and Its Correlation with the State Parameter
Authors: Xiang Run , Rao Yunzhang , Zhang Jiyong , Zhang Laiye , Yang Zhihua
Published: February 2025

The permeability of ionic rare is a crucial factor influencing the leaching rate of rare earth elements. In the Gannan region, many ionic rare earth ores exhibit poor permeability and high compressibility compared to sandy soils. The permeability coefficient is a key indicator of the hydraulic performance of these ores. Thus, this study investigates the permeability coefficients of ionic rare earth ores with varying fines contents during the leaching process, with a specific focus on analyzing the impact of fines on permeability performance. To provide a comprehensive assessment of the influence of fines, we prepared ionic rare earth ore samples with fines contents of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%, ensuring that the overall particle size distributions remained consistent with the original gradation. A constant head permeability test was employed to measure the permeability coefficients of these ore samples throughout the leaching process. We specifically examined how varying fines contents influenced permeability across the upper, middle, and lower layers of the ore body, as well as the overall permeability when subjected to both distilled water and magnesium sulfate solutions. To further elucidate the differences in permeability performance among the various rare earth ore samples, we performed a data fitting analysis of the initial permeability coefficients against fines content, uniformity coefficient, average particle diameter, and void ratio. This analysis aims to quantify the fines effect across different rare earth ores and establish correlations among state parameters, such as fines content, and the initial permeability coefficient.
An Ion Discharge-Driven Thruster Based on a Lithium Niobate Piezoelectric Transformer
Authors: Tao Qiannan , Wang Xinshuai , Gu Yang , Li Wei
Published: February 2025

Microrobots, characterized by their small size, flexibility, and portability, have a diverse range of potential applications. However, microrobots’ actuation (piezoelectric ceramics, dielectric elastomers, ion winds, etc.) often requires a high voltage, typically hundreds of volts. The lithium niobate transformer (LNT), a piezoelectric voltage transformer, presents a promising solution for miniaturizing high-voltage power supplies due to its compact size, low weight, and high step-up ratio. This study explores the effects of structural parameters and external circuits on the resonant frequency and step-up ratio of the LNT through numerical simulations and experiments. The results indicate the following: (1) the second-order longitudinal vibration frequency of the lithium niobate (LN) plate inversely correlates with its length; (2) the thickness and width of the plate have minimal impact on the frequency; (3) the step-up ratio increases as the plate thickness decreases. The experimental results suggest that LN plates with a thickness of 1 mm are preferable due to the fragility of 0.5 mm plates, especially at the output end. Additionally, optimizing the input circuit enhances voltage amplification, allowing the LNT to generate sufficient output voltage for corona discharge. These findings highlight the potential of LNTs for efficiently and reliably powering small-scale devices.
An Electrochemical Immunosensor for Sensitive Detection of Exosomes Based on Au/MXenes and AuPtPdCu
Authors: Gao Jie , Yang Rong , Zhu Xiaorui , Shi Jiling , Wang Sufei , Jing Aihua
Published: February 2025

Exosomes are important biomarkers for liquid biopsy in early cancer screening which play important roles in many biological processes, including apoptosis, inflammatory response, and tumor metastasis. In this study, an electrochemical aptamer immunosensor based on Au/MXene and AuPtPdCu was constructed for the sensitive detection of colorectal cancer-derived exosomes. AuNPs were deposited in situ on the surface of MXenes as a sensing platform due to their large specific area, excellent conductivity, and higher number of active sites for aptamer immobilization. The aptamer CD63 immobilized on Au/MXene can specifically capture target exosomes. Therefore, the AuPtPdCu-Apt nanoprobe further enhanced the sensitivity and accuracy of the immunosensor. A low limit of detection of 19 particles μL−1 was achieved in the linear range of 50 to 5 × 104 particles μL−1 under optimal conditions. The immunosensor developed herein showed satisfactory electrochemical stability and anti-interference ability for the detection of exosomes in real serum samples.
Design of Metamaterial Sensor for Non Destructive Testing of Aircraft Composite Skin Damage
Authors: Zhu Zhaoxuan , Kang Rongqing , Qin Kaiyu
Published: February 2025

The detection of aircraft skin is an important part of the process of aircraft design, manufacturing, and application. This paper proposes a metamaterial sensor for non-destructive detection of aircraft composite skin damage. Firstly, Using the perturbation theory, an electromagnetic nondestructive detection model of aircraft composite skin is established. Then, according to the plasmon theory, a nested multi-layer complementary split resonant ring (CSRR) metamaterial sensor is designed. Simulation using the high frequency structure simulator (HFSS), it shows that it can effectively detect defect with diameters of 2 mm and above and burial depth within 3 mm. Finally, the physical test is carried out, and the 10 mm diameter defect in the aircraft composite skin sample can be detected.
Status of Extended Threshold Wavelength Split-Off Band IR Detectors and Quantum Material-Based Extension for Room-Temperature Operation
Authors: Perera A. G. Unil , Lao Yanfeng , Jabegu Tara , Lei Sidong
Published: February 2025

This paper reports possible performance improvements of split-off band infrared detectors by using novel quantum materials. The report starts by describing the development of split-off band infrared detectors based on heterostructures with extended photoresponsivity beyond the energy band gap. The design modification demonstrated a new phenomenon of extending the threshold wavelength beyond the standard wavelength threshold (λt) determined by the energy gap (Δ) and the wavelength equation λt = 1.24/Δ with the dark current still governed by the original energy gap. However, to overcome the operating temperature challenges in AlGaAs/GaAs-based devices, the perspective of van der Waals quantum materials (vdW-QM)-based IR sensors is discussed regarding the aspects of heterostructure fabrication methods, theoretical modeling, and strategies that could help to overcome these issues. Through these discussions, the review paper aims to inspire upcoming innovations in developing novel IR photodetectors capable of operating within the atmospheric window at room temperature.
A Microscale–Optical Interface to Examine Electric Field-Induced Cell Motility Within Whole-Eye Facsimiles
Authors: Koul Sakshi , Devecka Luke A. , Pierce Mark C. , Vazquez Maribel
Published: February 2025

Microscale systems have been underexplored in contemporary regenerative therapies developed to treat vision loss. The pairing of in vitro cell systems with optical fluorescent imaging provides unique opportunities to examine the infiltration of donor stem cells needed for successful transplantation therapies. A parallel eye device was developed to provide electric field (EF) stimulation to guide the migration of cells within 3D eye facsimiles synthesized from different ocular biomaterials. Cell infiltration within facsimiles was rapidly resolved using confocal microscopy to eliminate dependence on the cryostat sectioning commonly used for cell study. Moreover, EF stimulated galvanotaxis of donor cells within different depths of eye facsimiles. Optical imaging provided rapid resolution of z-stack images at physiologically appropriate depths below 500 microns. This study demonstrates that paired microscale–optical systems can be developed to elucidate understudied transplantation processes and improve future outcomes in patients.
Streptococcus salivarius and Ligilactobacillus salivarius: Paragons of Probiotic Potential and Reservoirs of Novel Antimicrobials
Authors: Williams McKinley D. , Smith Leif
Published: February 2025

This review highlights several basic problems associated with bacterial drug resistance, including the decreasing efficacy of commercially available antimicrobials as well as the related problem of microbiome irregularity and dysbiosis. The article explains that this present situation is addressable through LAB species, such as Streptococcus salivarius and Ligilactobacillus salivarius, which are well established synthesizers of both broad- and narrow-spectrum antimicrobials. The sheer number of antimicrobials produced by LAB species and the breadth of their biological effects, both in terms of their bacteriostatic / bactericidal abilities and their immunomodulation, make them prime candidates for new probiotics and antibiotics. Given the ease with which several of the molecules can be biochemically engineered and the fact that many of these compounds target evolutionarily constrained target sites, it seems apparent that these compounds and their producing organisms ought to be looked at as the next generation of robust dual action symbiotic drugs.
Geometallurgical Characterization of the Arthur River Magnesite Deposit, Northwestern Tasmania for Pathways to Production
Authors: Appiah Alfredtina Akua Abrafi , Hunt Julie , Fathi Mohammadbagher , Missen Owen P. , Hong Wei , Belousov Ivan , Kameniar-Sandery Verity , Wilson Mick
Published: February 2025

The Arthur River magnesite deposit is in the northwestern part of Tasmania, Australia, within the Arthur Metamorphic Complex. Physical, mineralogical, and chemical characteristics of the deposit were studied using geological drill core logging and analytical techniques (scanning electron microscopy, portable x-ray fluorescence, and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry). The results document variations within the ore body, and three ore types have been identified for the potential production of an economic magnesite concentrate separated from associated gangue minerals (dolomite, quartz, and talc and iron bearing minerals such as pyrite and pyrrhotite). The ore types were identified based on a combination of physical, chemical, and mineralogical differences. Type 1 has a relatively high magnesium content and appears in drill core as hard white crystalline magnesite. Type 2 has relatively lower magnesium and higher iron contents than type 1 and occurs visibly as creamy-yellowish soft magnesite. Type 3 ore has the lowest magnesium and the highest iron content of the three ore types and is reddish brown in color. From the characterization studies, potential beneficiation routes for each ore type are suggested along with potential processing challenges. Examples of processing challenges include magnesium present in both magnesite and in dolomite, and the association of magnesite with quartz and talc results in a relatively high silica content.
De Novo Design of Large Polypeptides Using a Lightweight Diffusion Model Integrating LSTM and Attention Mechanism Under Per-Residue Secondary Structure Constraints
Authors: Liao Sisheng , Xu Gang , Jin Li , Ma Jianpeng
Published: February 2025

This study presents PolypeptideDesigner (PPD), a novel conditional diffusion-based model for de novo polypeptide sequence design and generation based on per-residue secondary structure conditions. By integrating a lightweight LSTM-attention neural network as the denoiser within a diffusion framework, PPD offers an innovative and efficient approach to polypeptide generation. Evaluations demonstrate that the PPD model can generate diverse and novel polypeptide sequences across various testing conditions, achieving high pLDDT scores when folded by ESMFold. In comparison to the ProteinDiffusionGenerator B (PDG-B) model, a relevant benchmark in the field, PPD exhibits the ability to produce longer and more diverse polypeptide sequences. This improvement is attributed to PPD’s optimized architecture and expanded training dataset, which enhance its understanding of protein structural pattern. The PPD model shows significant potential for optimizing functional polypeptides with known structures, paving the way for advancements in biomaterial design. Future work will focus on further refining the model and exploring its broader applications in polypeptide engineering.