bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary fatty acids and gallstone risk: insights from NHANES and Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Wang Minghe , Guo Jintao , Sun Siyu
Published: August 2024

Background

Prior research suggests polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may prevent gallstones, but evidence on saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) is limited. This study aims to explore the associations between fatty acids and gallstones using a large sample of American population and Mendelian randomization (MR) methods.

Methods

The cross-sectional study involved 6,629 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2020. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were conducted after stratifying by gender subgroups. Two-sample MR analysis was used to explore the causal relationship between fatty acids and gallstones without confounding factors.

Results

In females, higher SFA intake was positively associated with gallstone risk, while higher intake of n-3 and n-6 PUFA was negatively associated. No significant associations were found in males. No nonlinear correlations were found in any group by RCS analysis. MR analysis indicated that SFA, n-3, and n-6 PUFA could reduce gallstone risk.

Conclusion

The influence of dietary fatty acid composition on gallstone development differs by gender, providing insights into dietary prevention and treatment of gallstones.
Radiomics analysis of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for evaluating vessels encapsulating tumour clusters in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jiyun , Liu Maotong , Qu Qi , Lu Mengtian , Liu Zixin , Yan Zuyi , Xu Lei , Gu Chunyan , Zhang Xueqin , Zhang Tao
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to develop an integrated model that combines clinical-radiologic and radiomics features based on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for preoperative evaluating of vessels encapsulating tumour clusters (VETC) patterns in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

This retrospective study encompassed 234 patients who underwent surgical resection. Among them, 101 patients exhibited VETC-positive HCC, while 133 patients displayed VETC-negative HCC. Volumes of interest were manually delineated for entire tumour regions in the arterial phase (AP), portal phase (PP), and hepatobiliary phase (HBP) images. Independent predictors for VETC were identified through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariable logistic regression analysis, utilising radiomics-AP, PP, HBP, along with 24 imaging features and 19 clinical characteristics. Subsequently, the clinico-radiologic model, radiomics model, and integrated model were established, with a nomogram visualising the integrated model. The performance for VETC prediction was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results

The integrated model, composed of 3 selected traditional imaging features (necrosis or severe ischemia [OR=2.457], peripheral washout [OR=1.678], LLR_AP (Lesion to liver ratio_AP) [OR=0.433] and radiomics-AP [OR=2.870], radiomics-HBP [OR=2.023], radiomics-PP [OR=1.546]), showcased good accuracy in predicting VETC patterns in both the training (AUC=0.873, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.821-0.925)) and validation (AUC=0.869, 95% CI:0.789-0.950) cohorts.

Conclusion

This study established an integrated model that combines traditional imaging features and radiomic features from gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI, demonstrating good performance in predicting VETC patterns.
Mechanisms of crosstalk between the oropharyngeal microbiome and human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal carcinogenesis: a mini review
Authors: Chung Ryan S. , Wong Stephanie , Lin Dechen , Kokot Niels C. , Sinha Uttam K. , Han Albert Y.
Published: August 2024

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer globally. Notably, human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is on the rise, accounting for 70% of all OPSCC cases. Persistent high-risk HPV infection is linked to various cancers, but HPV infection alone is not sufficient to cause cancer. Advances in next-generation sequencing have improved our understanding of changes in the human microbiome of cancerous environments. Yet, there remains a dearth of knowledge on the impact of HPV-microbiome crosstalk in HPV-positive OPSCC. In this review, we examine what is known about the oropharyngeal microbiome and the compositional shifts in this microbiome in HPV-positive OPSCC. We also review potential mechanisms of crosstalk between HPV and specific microorganisms. Additional research is needed to understand these interactions and their roles on cancer development and progression.
Case report: A case of Savolitinib in the treatment of MET amplification mutation advanced lung adenocarcinoma with rare bilateral breast metastasis
Authors: Deng Rui , Li Yan-ying , Bai Liang-liang , Zhou Li , Wang Yong-Sheng
Published: August 2024

Background

The distant metastasis of lung cancer primarily occurs in the bones, liver, brain, and lungs, while the breast is an extremely rare site of metastasis. There is very limited literature on the occurrence of breast metastasis from lung cancer, and metastatic lesions in the breast are prone to being misdiagnosed as primary breast cancer, requiring careful attention and differentiation in the clinical diagnostic and treatment process.

Case summary

The patient, a 63-year-old female, initially presented with an EGFR exon 21 L858R mutated left lung adenocarcinoma in 2017, treated successfully with surgical resection and subsequent monitoring. The relapse of disease occurred in January 2020. Despite maintaining a prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) with first-generation EGFR-TKI Afatinib, disease progression occurred in 2022 without detectable resistance mutations. Transition to second-generation TKI Furmonertinib resulted in poor control, with rapid progression including unusual bilateral breast metastases that exhibited inflammatory breast cancer-like peau d’orange changes. Standard chemotherapy achieved only short-term stability. Upon detecting a MET amplification mutation, treatment with Savolitinib was initiated. Remarkably, this led to significant clinical and radiographic improvement, notably resolving the peau d’orange appearance and reducing multiple lesions across the body.

Conclusion

This case underscores the importance of continuous genetic profiling and tailored treatment approaches in managing advanced lung adenocarcinoma, particularly when presenting with rare metastatic sites and complex genetic landscapes. The successful application of Savolitinib following the identification of a MET amplification mutation highlights its potential in overcoming resistance mechanisms in NSCLC, providing a significant therapeutic option for similarly challenging cases.
Is it normal to lead? Evaluating the role of superiority and similarity in leader emergence
Authors: Harms Peter D. , Paterson Ted A. , Wood Dustin , Fezzey Tyler N. A.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Attempts to explain the leader emergence process have resulted in several seemingly contradictory assertions about who attains power and influence in groups. As such, this study pioneers a novel integration of the two dominant explanations of leader emergence: superiority (trait-based perspective) and similarity (social identity perspective). We posit that the two primary aspects of non-normality—uniqueness and strangeness—have opposing relationships with leader emergence in groups.

Methodology

Through multiple regression analyses, we utilized peer and self-evaluations in a sample of 308 participants in seven social organizations to assess whether and how non-normality evaluations predict formal and informal leadership emergence.

Results

This study provides general support for a relationship between the non-normality dimensions and leader emergence, particularly when evaluations are made by peers. Additionally, we demonstrate that non-normality evaluations predict leader emergence above and beyond evaluations of the Big Five.

Discussion

This research lays the groundwork for a new era in leadership research that embraces the duality of individual traits and social perceptions, paving the way for a more nuanced and effective approach to leader emergence within dynamic group settings.
Usefulness of deep sedation with intravenous dexmedetomidine and midazolam in cardiac catheterization procedures for pediatric patients
Authors: Nakamura Taichi , Iwasaki Hidenori , Miyazawa Hanae , Mizutomi Shinichiro , Imi Yoko , Ohta Kunio , Wada Taizo
Published: August 2024

Background

Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a highly selective alpha 2 receptor agonist that has the advantage of causing less respiratory depression than other sedative agents. We evaluated the add-on effects of DEX on sedation among pediatric patients who received midazolam and pentazocine during cardiac catheterization.

Methods

120 cardiac catheterization procedures in 110 patients under deep sedation at Department of Pediatrics, Kanazawa University Hospital from January 2013 to August 2018: 63 procedures without DEX (i.e., non-DEX group) and 57 procedures with DEX (i.e., DEX group). Intravenous midazolam and pentazocine were used in both groups, and DEX without an initial loading dose (0.6 μg/kg/h) was used in the DEX group. We retrospectively investigated complications during catheterization, doses of sedative agents, and changes in vital signs.

Results

Hypoxemia requiring oxygen administration during catheterization tended to be higher in the non-DEX group than in the DEX group (4.8% vs. 0%). Additional dose of midazolam was significantly lower in the DEX group (median [IQR]: 0.05 mg/kg [0–0.11]) than in the non-DEX group [0.09 mg/kg (0–0.23), p = 0.0288]. The additional dose of midazolam in the non-DEX group with hypoxemia was significantly higher than the dose used in the non-DEX group without hypoxemia. No case of bradycardia below the criteria for bradycardia occurred and no serious complications occurred in the DEX group.

Conclusion

The use of intravenous DEX in combination with midazolam and pentazocine in pediatric cardiac catheterization may reduce the need for an additional dose of midazolam and may contribute to the prevention of airway complications associated with respiratory depression caused by sedative agents.
Breathing patterns during sleep and their relationship with FEV1 in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis residing at high altitude
Authors: Duenas-Meza Elida , Proaños-Jurado Nadia Juliana , Pulido-Fentanes Sarah , Severiche-Bueno Diego F. , Escamilla-Gil María Isabel , Bazurto-Zapata Maria Angelica , Jurado Jenny Libeth , Suarez Miguel Ricardo , Giraldo-Cadavid Luis Fernando
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and gas exchange disorders are common in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Currently, the impact of the disease on sleep patterns in patients living at high altitude and the relationship of these patterns to lung function are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of SDB in children with CF aged 6–18 years and the relationship between SDB and lung function (FEV1).

Methods

This is an analytical cross-sectional study of children aged 6–18 years diagnosed with CF. Spirometry before and after bronchodilators and polysomnography with capnography were performed. Descriptive analysis of qualitative and continuous variables was performed. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between polysomnogram and lung function (FEV1).

Results

Twenty-four patients with CF were included. The mean age was 10.5 ± 3.1 years and 62.5% were male. Nine children had bronchiectasis on chest CT. The median absolute baseline FEV1 was 1,880 (1,355–2,325) ml and 98% (83%–110%) of predicted value. No significant difference in FEV1% was observed between subjects with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and those without OSA (P = 0.56). The prevalence of OSA was 66.7% in children younger than 13 years and 40% in children older than 13 years. The Spearman correlation coefficient between FEV1 and percentage of total sleep time with saturation less than 90% (T90) was rho −0.52 (p-value = 0.018), and between FEV1 and percentage of total sleep time with saturation less than 85% (T85) was statistically significant with rho −0.45 (p-value = 0.041). A positive correlation was observed between FEV1 and SpO2 during sleep with rho 0.53 and a statistically significant p-value (0.014).

Conclusions

A high prevalence of sleep apnea was found in children with CF living at high altitude, with a negative correlation between FEV1 and T90 and T85 oxygenation indices, and a positive correlation between FEV1 and SpO2 during sleep.
The predicative value of early quantitative electroencephalograph in epilepsy after severe traumatic brain injury in children
Authors: Bai Wei
Published: August 2024

Objective

To explore whether early quantitative electroencephalograph (EEG) can predict the development of epilepsy in pediatric patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods

A total of 78 children with severe TBI who were admitted to our hospital were divided into post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) and non-PTE groups according to whether or not they developed PTE. EEGs of frontal, central and parietal lobes were recorded at the time of their admission. The power values of each frequency band, odds ratio and peak envelope power values of each brain region were statistically analyzed. In addition, the patients were followed up for two years, and the occurrence of PTE was documented.

Results

During the follow-up period, PTE occurred in 8 patients. Analysis of EEG signals across different brain regions (frontal, central, and parietal lobes) revealed significant differences between the PTE and non-PTE groups. Patients with PTE exhibited significantly higher δ and θ power values (P < 0.01), lower α/θ ratios (P < 0.01), and elevated θ/β, (δ + θ)/(α + β), and peak envelope power (P < 0.01) compared to those in the non-PTE group.

Conclusion

In children with severe TBI, the parameter characterization of early quantitative EEG has potential application in predicting PTE.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on respiratory failure caused by respiratory viruses in children and adolescents
Authors: Gama Thiago Belem , Ferraro Alexandre A. , Vieira Sandra E.
Published: August 2024

Background

In addition to the direct impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on child/adolescent health, changes in infections caused by other viruses have been observed. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza are important agents of acute respiratory failure (ARF) in these age groups. This study presents an analysis of the influence of the pandemic on the seasonal and clinical patterns of ARF caused by RSV and influenza.

Methods

A retrospective ecological study was performed. The data of individuals younger than 20 years who were hospitalized with ARF and who were diagnosed with RSV, influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) between 2019 and 2022 were analysed. The data were collected from the governmental system.

Results

Among 367,136 individuals, the incidence of ARF increased annually. During the pandemic, the number of infected schoolchildren, adolescents, and nonwhite people; intensive care admissions; and mortality rates increased. Older age, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and residence in North Brazil/Northeast Brazil were associated with lower odds of intensive care unit admission but greater odds of death. Comorbidities were important risk factors for severe disease. There was a drastic reduction in the number of RSV and influenza infections, with a resurgence in 2021. After the resurgence in 2021, the number of influenza-related deaths remained above the 2019 level, which did not occur in 2022. After 2021, RSV infection was associated with greater odds of intensive care admission but not death.

Conclusions

During the pandemic, older children, adolescents, and individuals with comorbidities were more vulnerable to ARF. There was a reduction in the prevalence and severity of RSV and influenza infections. After this reduction, a resurgence with an out-of-season pattern, but without higher odds of death than in the prepandemic year, was observed for both in 2022.
Electronic health record modification and dashboard development to improve clinical care in pediatric rheumatology
Authors: Timmerman Livie , Dutton Heather , McDannald Nicholas , Smitherman Emily A. , Mannion Melissa L.
Published: August 2024

Objective

This report describes our experience in electronic health record (EHR) note modification and creation of an external dashboard to create a local learning health system that contributes to quality improvement and patient care within our pediatric rheumatology clinic.

Methods

We applied quality improvement methodology to develop a more reliable and accurate system to identify patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and track important measures that aide in improving patient care and performance outcomes. From 2019 to 2021, we iteratively modified our outpatient clinic EHR note to include structured data elements to improve longitudinal monitoring. We then validated data transferred to an electronic dashboard external to the EHR and demonstrated utility for identifying an accurate patient population and tracking quality improvement initiatives.

Results

Creation of the structured data elements improved the identification of patients with JIA with >99% accuracy and without requiring manual review of the chart. Using the dashboard to monitor performance, we improved documentation of critical disease activity measures that resulted in improvement in those scores across the local population of patients with JIA. The structured data elements also enabled us to automate electronic data transfer to a multicenter learning network registry.

Conclusion

The structured data element modifications made to our outpatient EHR note populate a local dashboard that allows real time access to critical information for patient care, population management, and improvement in quality metrics. The collection and monitoring of structured data can be scaled to other quality improvement initiatives in our clinic and shared with other centers.
A real-world disproportionality analysis of sacubitril/valsartan: data mining of the FDA adverse event reporting system
Authors: Wang Yiwen , Liu Xuna
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Sacubitril/valsartan is extensively used in heart failure; however, there are few long-term safety studies of it in a wide range of populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate sacubitril/valsartan-induced adverse events (AEs) through data mining of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Methods

Reports in the FAERS from the third quarter of 2015 (FDA approval of sacubitril/valsartan) to the fourth quarter of 2023 were collected and analyzed. Disproportionality analyses, including the reporting odds ratio (ROR), the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and empirical Bayesian geometric mean (EBGM) algorithms were adopted in data mining to quantify signals of sacubitril/valsartan-associated AEs.

Results

A total of 12,001,275 reports of sacubitril/valsartan as the “primary suspected (PS)” and 99,651 AEs induced by sacubitril/valsartan were identified. More males than females reported AEs (59.95% vs. 33.31%), with the highest number of reports in the 60–70 years age group (8.11%), and most AEs occurred < 7 days (14.13%) and ≥ 60 days (10.69%) after dosing. Sacubitril/valsartan-induced AE occurrence targeted 24 system organ classes (SOCs) and 294 preferred terms (PTs). Of these, 4 SOCs were strongly positive for all four algorithms, including cardiac disorders, vascular disorders, ear and labyrinth disorders, and respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders. Among all PTs, consistent with the specification, hypotension (n = 10,078) had the highest number of reports, and dizziness, cough, peripheral swelling, blood potassium increased, and renal impairment were also reported in high numbers. Notably, this study also discovered a high frequency of side effects such as death, dyspnea, weight change, feeling abnormal, hearing loss, memory impairment, throat clearing, and diabetes mellitus.

Conclusion

This study identified potential new AE signals and gained a more general understanding of the safety of sacubitril/valsartan, promoting its rational adoption in the cardiovascular system.
Interplay between metabotropic glutamate type 4 and adenosine type 1 receptors modulate synaptic transmission in the cerebellar cortex
Authors: Bossi Simon , Daniel Hervé , McLean Heather
Published: August 2024

The synapses between parallel fibers and Purkinje cells play a pivotal role in cerebellar function. They are intricately governed by a variety of presynaptic receptors, notably by type 4 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu4) receptors and type 1 adenosine (A1) receptors both of which curtail glutamate release upon activation. Despite their pivotal role in regulating synaptic transmission within the cerebellar cortex, functional interactions between mGlu4 and A1 receptors have remained relatively unexplored. To bridge this gap, our study delves into how mGlu4 receptor activity influences A1 receptor-mediated alterations in excitatory transmission. Employing a combination of whole-cell patch clamp recordings of Purkinje cells and parallel fiber presynaptic fluorometric calcium measurements in acute rat and mouse cerebellar cortical slices, our results reveal functional interactions between these receptor types. These findings hold implications for understanding potential roles of these presynaptic receptors in neuroprotection during pathophysiological conditions characterized by elevated glutamate and adenosine levels.
Self-medication of adults and children in Poland - results from outpatient health care physicians online questionnaire
Authors: Kłoda Karolina , Babicki Mateusz , Biesiada Aleksander , Gałązka-Sobotka Małgorzata , Kowalska-Bobko Iwona , Mastalerz-Migas Agnieszka
Published: August 2024

Introduction: In Poland, the area of self-medication requires scientific and organizational evaluation. So far, no solutions sanctioning self-medication have been introduced. Therefore, the aim of this study was to recognize and analyze the practical experience of outpatient physicians regarding self-medication of their patients, as well as self-medication of children by their caregivers.

Methods: This study enrolled 386 participants and used a Computer-Assisted Web Interview that was disseminated online from 4th of July 2023 to 23rd of August 2023. The survey was addressed to outpatient healthcare physicians working in Poland.

Results: In doctors’ perspective the main three reasons for choosing self-medication in Poland were: taking advice from other people - family members or friends (59.1%), finding information regarding treatment online (52.9%) and ability to self-medicate in this kind of symptoms/disease (51.6%). Among adult patients, in 72.1% of cases, an independent decision to start antibiotic therapy was made. Such a decision occurred in 39.8% of pediatric patients. Children caregivers were more likely to visit the physician immediately with symptoms than in the case of adult patients (42.2% vs. 22.1%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Self-medication in Poland requires educational and organizational support at various levels - both social (information campaigns, school education), the healthcare system (increasing the role of medical professionals, including pharmacists), and finally in the area of legislation. Two areas seem to be particularly alarming - the use of antibiotics by adults and children and the mental health of both populations.
Investigation of METTL3 as an inhibitor of kanamycin-induced ototoxicity via stress granule formation
Authors: Wu Yan , Huang Yu-Yu , Wang Lu-Yao , Yang Yan , Cui Fei-Lun , Li Shu-Na
Published: August 2024

Background

Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), a component of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase family, exhibits significant expression in HEI-OC1 cells and cochlear explants. Aminoglycoside antibiotics, known for their ototoxic potential, frequently induce irreversible auditory damage in hair cells, predominantly through oxidative stress mechanisms. However, the specific role of METTL3 in kanamycin-induced hair cell loss remains unclear.

Objective

This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which METTL3 contributes to kanamycin-induced ototoxicity.

Methods and Results

In vivo experiments demonstrated a notable reduction in METTL3 expression within cochlear explants following kanamycin administration, concomitant with the formation of stress granules (SGs). Similarly, a 24-hour kanamycin treatment led to decreased METTL3 expression and induced SG formation both in HEI-OC1 cells and neonatal cochlear explants, corroborating the in vivo observations. Lentivirus-mediated transfection was employed to overexpress and knockdown METTL3 in HEI-OC1 cells. Knockdown of METTL3 resulted in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptosis induced by kanamycin, while concurrently reducing SG formation. Conversely, overexpression of METTL3 attenuated ROS generation, decreased apoptosis rates, and promoted SG formation induced by kanamycin. Therefore, METTL3-mediated SG formation presents a promising target for mitigating kanamycin-induced ROS generation and the rate of apoptosis.

Conclusion

This finding indicates that METTL3-mediated SG formation holds potential in mitigating kanamycin-induced impairments in cochlear hair cells by reducing ROS formation and apoptosis rates.
Case report: Pyrotinib and tegafur combined with radiotherapy achieved notable response in HER2-amplified rectal cancer with multiple metastases after multiline treatments
Authors: Huang Peng , Wen Feng , Wang Xin
Published: August 2024

Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is characterized by significant phenotypic heterogeneity at the molecular level and presents a poor prognosis. Chemotherapy is commonly employed as the primary treatment option. Nevertheless, the advantages of chemotherapy are constrained, underscoring the critical necessity for novel treatment protocols aimed at enhancing patient outcomes. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has been recognized as a promising therapeutic target in mCRC. Pyrotinib, an innovative irreversible dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting HER2, effectively inhibits cancer progression in various types of human cancers. Here, we present a case of a 39-year-old female with metastatic rectal cancer showing amplification of HER2. Despite resistance to multiple therapies, including trastuzumab and pertuzumab, the patient exhibited a remarkable therapeutic response to pyrotinib, tegafur combined with radiotherapy. This case provides evidence for the feasibility and potential efficacy of deploying pyrotinib in the salvage treatment of mCRC patients with HER2 amplification even though resistant to other anti-HER2 drugs.
Polydatin attenuated neuropathic pain and motor dysfunction following spinal cord injury in rats by employing its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects
Authors: Bagheri Bavandpouri Faezeh Sadat , Azizi Atefeh , Abbaszadeh Fatemeh , Kiani Amir , Farzaei Mohammad Hosein , Mohammadi-Noori Ehsan , Fakhri Sajad , Echeverría Javier
Published: August 2024

Background

Considering the complex pathological mechanisms behind spinal cord injury (SCI) and the adverse effects of present non-approved drugs against SCI, new studies are needed to introduce novel multi-target active ingredients with higher efficacy and lower side effects. Polydatin (PLD) is a naturally occurring stilbenoid glucoside recognized for its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to assess the effects of PLD on sensory-motor function following SCI in rats.

Methods

Following laminectomy and clip compression injury at the thoracic 8 (T8)-T9 level of the spinal cord, rats were randomly assigned to five groups: Sham, SCI, and three groups receiving different doses of PLD treatment (1, 2, and 3 mg/kg). Over 4 weeks, behavioral tests were done such as von Frey, acetone drop, hot plate, Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan, and inclined plane test. At the end of the study, changes in catalase and glutathione activity, nitrite level, activity of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 as well as spinal tissue remyelination/neurogenesis, were evaluated.

Results

The results revealed that PLD treatment significantly improved the behavioral performance of the animals starting from the first week after SCI. Additionally, PLD increased catalase, and glutathione levels, and MMP2 activity while reduced serum nitrite levels and MMP9. These positive effects were accompanied by a reduction in the size of the lesion and preservation of neuronal count.

Conclusion

In conclusion, PLD showed neuroprotective effects in SCI rats by employing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, through which improve sensory and motor function.
Plant medicine metabolite Yulinzhu treating neurological disorder causing polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and a meta-analysis
Authors: Jiao Beibei , Chen Ruilin , Chen Si , Zhang Jian , Wang Peijuan , Zhou Huaijun , Zhao Weibo
Published: August 2024

Background

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age, characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Emerging evidence indicates that neurological disorders play a significant role in the etiology of PCOS, highlighting the complex interplay between the central nervous system (CNS) and ovarian function. Yulinzhu, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation, has been traditionally used to regulate menstrual cycles and improve fertility. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of Yulinzhu in treating PCOS induced by neurological disorders.

Methods

An extensive literature search was performed across electronic databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), covering publications up to 1 June 2024. The review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared Yulin Zhu with placebo, standard care, or other active treatments in patients with PCOS. Two reviewers independently carried out data extraction and quality assessment. Meta-analyses were conducted using both fixed and random-effects models, with heterogeneity evaluated using the I2 statistic.

Results

We screened 891 records and included 6 studi es in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that Yulinzhu about effective rate [RR = 1.19, 95% CI (1.10, 1.29), p < 0.0001], pregnancy rate [RR = 2.80, 95% CI (1.65, 4.76), p < 0.0001] and ovulation rate [RR = 1.33, 95% CI (1.10, 1.62), p = 0.04]. Meta-analysis shows the results of follicle estrogen [WMD = 0.69, 95% CI (−0.39, 1.78), p = 0.21], luteinizing hormone [WMD = −2.27, 95% CI (−3.86, −0.67), p = 0.005], testosterone [WMD = −0.44, 95% CI (−0.64, −0.25), p < 0.0001], estradiol [WMD = 16.20, 95% CI (2.74, 29.67), p < 0.0001].

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that plant medicine compund Yulinzhu may effectively treats PCOS including hormonal regulation, anti-inflammatory actions, and neuroprotection. We expect further research with larger, well-designed clinical trials to substantiate our conclusions.
Diagnostic lncRNA high expression for liver patients prognosis and medication guidance: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Hengzhou , Chen Haoyan , Zhu Xiaodan , Zhang Baonan , Jin Chunhui
Published: August 2024

Background

The study of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has gained significant attention due to their roles in regulating gene expression and their potential as diagnostic biomarkers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of high-expression lncRNAs in liver disease patients, including those with hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, up to July 2024. Studies were included if they investigated the expression of lncRNAs in liver disease patients and evaluated their diagnostic performance. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool was used to assess the quality of included studies. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratios (DOR), and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves were calculated using a bivariate random-effects model.

Results

Nine studies involving 888 samples were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS) was 2.01 (95% CI: 1.71–2.36), indicating a significant association between high lncRNA expression and poor liver disease outcomes. Subgroup analyses revealed a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.99 (95% CI: 1.53–2.60) for tissue samples and 8.62 (95% CI: 1.16–63.71) for blood samples, suggesting a stronger diagnostic value for blood-based lncRNAs. The funnel plots indicated minimal publication bias, and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings.

Conclusion

High-expression lncRNAs show significant potential as diagnostic biomarkers for liver diseases, offering non-invasive, accurate, and timely diagnostic information. Despite the promising results, further research is needed to standardize detection methods, elucidate the biological functions of lncRNAs, and validate their clinical utility in diverse patient populations. Integrating lncRNA biomarkers with traditional diagnostic approaches could enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve patient management and outcomes in liver disease.
Physiology of peritoneal dialysis; pathophysiology in long-term patients
Authors: Krediet Raymond T.
Published: August 2024

The microvascular wall of peritoneal tissues is the main barrier in solute and water transport in the initial phase of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Small solute transport is mainly by diffusion through inter-endothelial pores, as is hydrostatic fluid transport with dissolved solutes. Water is also transported through the intra-endothelial water channel aquaporin-1(AQP-1) by a glucose-induced crystalloid osmotic gradient (free water transport). In the current review the physiology of peritoneal transport will be discussed both during the first years of PD and after long-term treatment with emphasis on the peritoneal interstitial tissue and its role in free water transport. Attention will be paid to the role of glucose-induced pseudohypoxia causing both increased expression of fibrogenetic factors and of the glucose transporter GLUT-1. The former leads to peritoneal fibrosis, the latter to a reduced crystalloid osmotic gradient, explaining the decrease in free water transport as a cause of ultrafiltration failure. These phenomena strongly suggest that the extremely high dialysate glucose concentrations are the driving force of both morphologic and functional peritoneal alterations that may develop during long-term PD.
Fibroadipogenic progenitors: a potential target for preventing breast muscle myopathies in broilers
Authors: Jung Usuk , Kim Minjeong , Voy Brynn H.
Published: August 2024

Genetic selection for high growth rate, breast muscle yield, and feed efficiency in modern broilers has been a double-edged sword. While it has resulted in marked benefits in production, it has also introduced widespread incidence of breast muscle myopathies. Broiler myopathies are phenotypically characterized by myodegeneration and fibrofatty infiltration, which compromise meat quality. These lesions resemble those of various myopathies found in humans, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, and sarcopenia. Fibroadipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are interstitial muscle-resident mesenchymal stem cells that are named because of their ability to differentiate into both fibroblasts and adipocytes. This cell population has clearly been established to play a role in the development and progression of myopathies in mice and humans. Gene expression studies of wooden breast and other related disorders have implicated FAPs in broilers, but to our knowledge this cell population have not been characterized in chickens. In this review, we summarize the evidence that FAPs may be a novel, new target for interventions that reduce the incidence and development of chicken breast muscle myopathies.
Recent advances and challenges in plant viral diagnostics
Authors: Kanapiya Aizada , Amanbayeva Ulbike , Tulegenova Zhanar , Abash Altyngul , Zhangazin Sayan , Dyussembayev Kazbek , Mukiyanova Gulzhamal
Published: August 2024

Accurate and timely diagnosis of plant viral infections plays a key role in effective disease control and maintaining agricultural productivity. Recent advances in the diagnosis of plant viruses have significantly expanded our ability to detect and monitor viral pathogens in agricultural crops. This review discusses the latest advances in diagnostic technologies, including both traditional methods and the latest innovations. Conventional methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and DNA amplification-based assays remain widely used due to their reliability and accuracy. However, diagnostics such as next-generation sequencing and CRISPR-based detection offer faster, more sensitive and specific virus detection. The review highlights the main advantages and limitations of detection systems used in plant viral diagnostics including conventional methods, biosensor technologies and advanced sequence-based techniques. In addition, it also discusses the effectiveness of commercially available diagnostic tools and challenges facing modern diagnostic techniques as well as future directions for improving informed disease management strategies. Understanding the main features of available diagnostic methodologies would enable stakeholders to choose optimal management strategies against viral threats and ensure global food security.
Humor and the willingness to buy healthy food posted on Instagram
Authors: Reijnen Ester , Laasner Vogt Lea , Catarci Daniele , Zengaffinen Jean L. , Bremermann-Reiser Sabine M. , Bläuer Lars
Published: August 2024

Humorous messages (not derogatory jokes) related to obesity seem to be retweeted frequently. Potentially, such humor could be included in viral public health campaigns to combat obesity, but would jokes actually increase the likelihood of purchasing healthy foods advertised on social media? 411 participants were asked to test two soon-to-be-introduced features (e.g., repost button) in Instagram on their phones. Participants scrolled through a series of posts about various topics ranging from architecture to beauty products. A healthy food post, preceded by one of four joke types (two containing the word “fat”), was embedded at the top, middle or bottom position of the Instagram page. After participants scrolled through the page, perhaps reposting some posts, they were presented with the healthy food product featured in the post and were asked to indicate a purchase probability (0–100), as well as whether they recognized the food product from the post (yes/no). At the end of the study, the individual jokes were rated as “funny/not funny” and “positive/negative”. If the food product was recognized, the joke type played a role. In particular, jokes containing the word “fat” had a negative effect on the purchase probability. However, if the food product was not recognized, only its position on the page mattered. The purchase probability was highest if the product was placed at the top. Social media, criticized for promoting unhealthy food consumption, especially among children, can therefore also be used to address issues such as the global obesity epidemic.
Predictors of insomnia among undergraduate students at Hawassa University Sidama, Ethiopia, 2023: a facility-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Aschale Wale Mastewal , Reta Yared , Addis Haymanot , Tarekegn Rahel , Tafese Mintesnot , Tsega Chekol Aklile
Published: August 2024

Background

Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or experiencing poor-quality sleep. People with this problem often have trouble falling asleep at night, wake up frequently during the night, and may wake up too early in the morning and feel tired and not refreshed. This can lead to daytime fatigue, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and impaired functioning in their day-to-day activities. Study is scarce in resource-limited countries such as Ethiopia, particularly concerning the study setting. As a result, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of insomnia and its associated factors among undergraduate students at Hawassa University.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study design was used. A stratified simple random sampling method was used among 398 study participants. The data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The outcome variable was assessed by the insomnia severity index (ISI). The data were then gathered by using the Kobo toolbox online and then exported into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 27 to analyze the data. Data cleaning and screening were conducted exclusively by the investigators. Descriptive statistics like frequency, percentages, and mean were used. Bivariate and multivariate binary regression were performed. In multivariate binary logistic regression, a p-value of<0.05 was identified as a significantly associated factor with the dependent variable.

Results

Among 398 students who participated in the study, 81 (20.4%) experienced insomnia. Being female [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.98; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.56–5.69], age (AOR = 3.06; 95% CI 1.11–8.45), mild anxiety symptom (AOR = 4.89; 95% CI 1.56–15.37), and mobile device use ≥30 min just before going to sleep (AOR = 7.81; 95% CI 2.34–26.12) were significantly associated with insomnia.

Conclusion

In this study, the prevalence of insomnia was one-fifth among university students, which is high when compared to another study at the national level. There were significant associations between being female, age, anxiety symptoms, and mobile device use before going to sleep with insomnia. This indicates that there is a need to treat and prevent insomnia in college students, emphasizing the necessity for mental healthcare and ethical technology use.
Suicidal incidence and gender-based discrepancies in prolonged grief disorder: insights from a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Tu Jin-Heng , Lu Yun , Yue Zong-Chao , Ling Ke-Nan , Xing Yu-Run , Chen Dan-Dan , Zhu Zhi-Ren , Chen Tian-Xi
Published: August 2024

Background

In the aftermath of bereavement, our research explores the subtleties of Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD), focusing particularly on its correlation with suicidal behaviors and their variation across genders. This study seeks to elucidate the impact of gender on these behaviors among individuals suffering from PGD, thereby enhancing our understanding and facilitating the development of tailored therapeutic interventions.

Methods

By November 24th, 2023, we had rigorously reviewed key databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Embase. Independently, two researchers conducted detailed interviews and filled out questionnaires with participants to gather demographic information and record instances of prolonged grief disorder. The study also meticulously tracked occurrences of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, suicide deaths, and self-injury among the participants.

Results

The findings indicate that 22.34% of males reported suicidal ideation (95% CI: 21.33–23.35), a figure that rises to 26.84% among females (95% CI: 25.99–27.69). Notably, 12.11% of males attempted suicide (95% CI: 11.49–12.72), marginally surpassing the 9.60% observed in females (95% CI: 9.17–10.04). More striking disparities were observed in suicide deaths, with rates for males at 3.66% (95% CI: 3.32–4.00) compared to a notably higher 7.12% for females (95% CI: 6.44–7.81). Furthermore, the incidence of self-injury was lower among males, at 2.48% (95% CI: 2.03–2.94), than in females, who reported a rate of 5.09% (95% CI: 4.69–5.49). These patterns underscore the critical need for gender-specific interventions aimed at reducing these significant disparities.

Conclusion

This study distinctly underscores the profound impact of gender on the manifestation of suicidal behaviors in individuals afflicted with prolonged grief disorder. It reveals that females are more prone to suicidal ideation, self-injury, and suicide deaths, while males predominantly exhibit a higher incidence of suicide attempts and risk-taking behaviors. These unmediated trends highlight the necessity for gender-specific clinical interventions tailored to address particular behaviors and modify prevalent patterns that typically resist conventional approaches.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO (york.ac.uk), identifier CRD42023480035.
Patterns of maternal adverse childhood experiences and the intergenerational association of preschool children’s emotional and behavioral problems
Authors: Li Ruoyu , Xiao Wan , Wu Jun , Zhou Yang , Zha Jinhong , Wang Danni , Xing Tian , Wan Yuhui
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Children of whose mothers exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are at increased risk for developmental problems. This study aims to investigate the relationship between types and patterns of maternal ACEs and preschool children’s emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) in China, and to explore gender differences associated with these problems.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we selected 9,647 children from 36 preschools in three cities of Anhui province, China. Questionnaires were used to report the details of maternal ACEs and children’s EBPs. We used the latent class analysis (LCA) to identify “patterns” in the types of maternal ACEs. Binomial logistic regressions was performed to examine the relationship between types and patterns of maternal ACEs and preschoolers’ EBPs.

Results

Latent class analysis (LCA) revealed four different classes of maternal ACEs. Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the low ACEs class, children of mothers in the high abuse and neglect class had the highest risk of developing EBPs (OR = 5.93, 95%CI: 4.70-7.49), followed by moderate ACEs class (OR = 2.44, 95%CI: 1.98-3.00), and high household dysfunction class (OR = 2.16, 95%CI: 1.19-3.90). We found gender differences in the effects of high abuse and neglect/moderate ACEs class and maternal childhood physical abuse/neglect on children’s EBPs, which had a stronger impact on EBPs in boys than girls (P<0.05).

Discussion

This study supports and refines existing research that confirms an intergenerational association between types and patterns of maternal ACEs and children’s EBPs in a large Chinese sample, so as to provide references for the early prevention and control of children’s EBPs.