bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Good Ionic Conductor: Ba-Deficient Ba3Y4O9 with Zr Substitution
Authors: Ueno Katsuhiro , Hatada Naoyuki , Uda Tetsuya
Published: December 2020

To lower operating temperatures of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), the development of ion-conducting oxides with high conductivity and durability is desired. In this work, we investigated Zr-substituted “Ba3Y4O9” as an ionic conductor at intermediate temperatures and found that the Zr substitution for Y dramatically improves the phase stability in humidified atmospheres at 300-800 °C. The total electrical conductivity of 20 mol% Zr-substituted Ba3Y4O9 is about 1 mS/cm at 700 °C in dry H­2 and O2 atmospheres and the contribution of electronic conduction (both hole and electron) is relatively small compared with Y-doped BaZrO3 (BZY) and Gd-doped CeO­­2 (GDC) which are typical intermediate-temperature ionic conductors. Besides, in the Zr-substituted “Ba3Y4O9” samples, we observed that BaO-rich amorphous phase coexists with the main phase whose composition is estimated to be Ba:(Y+Zr) ~ 2:3. Therefore, the main conducting phase might be Ba-deficient Ba3Y4O9. The mechanism of the ionic conduction and the improvement of chemical stability has not been revealed yet due to the lack of crystallographic information about the Ba-deficient phase. While we are now working on further investigation, we promptly report the characteristic of the new compound.
AI-Driven Synthetic Route Design with Retrosynthesis Knowledge
Authors: Ishida Shoichi , Terayama Kei , Kojima Ryosuke , Takasu Kiyosei , Okuno Yasushi
Published: December 2020

Computer-aided synthesis planning (CASP) aims to assist chemists in performing retrosynthetic analysis for which they exploit their experiments, intuition, and knowledge. Recent breakthroughs in machine learning techniques, including deep neural networks, have significantly improved data-driven synthetic route designs without human interventions. However, such CASP applications are yet to incorporate retrosynthesis knowledge sufficiently into their algorithms to reflect chemists' way of thinking flexibly. In this study, we developed a hybrid CASP application of data-driven techniques and various retrosynthesis knowledge called "ReTReK" that integrates the knowledge as adjustable parameters into an evaluation for promising search directions. Experimental results showed that ReTReK successfully searched synthetic routes based on the specified retrosynthesis knowledge, and the results indicated that the synthetic routes searched with the knowledge were preferred to those without knowledge. The concept of integrating retrosynthesis knowledge as adjustable parameters into data-driven CASP applications is expected to contribute to further their development and spread them to chemists widely.
Coupling Miniaturized Free-Flow Electrophoresis to Mass Spectrometry via a Multi-Emitter ESI Interface
Authors: Jender Matthias , Höving Stefan , Novo Pedro , Freier Erik , Janasek Dirk
Published: December 2020

We present a novel multi-emitter electrospray ionization interface for the coupling of microfluidic

free-flow electrophoresis (μFFE) with mass spectrometry. 15 sample streams coming from 15 μFFE outlets were continuously analyzed in quick succession to monitor the electrophoretic

separation in the microchip.
XIV. ve XV. ASIR BULGAR KAYNAKLARINDA ЕRKEN OSMANLI HÜKÜMDARLARININ ÇAR UNVANININ TARİH VE KÜLTÜR DEĞERLENDİRMESİ
Authors: SALDZHİEV Hristo , KONAÇ Ayşe Tuğçe
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, Bulgar tarihinin Osmanlı dönemine ilişkin çeşitli incelemelerde sürekli olarak yalnızca kaydedilmiş ancak şu zamana kadar yorumlanmamış Bulgar müstensihlerinin ve yazarlarının XIV. asrın sonundan başlayarak 1878 yılına kadar Osmanlı padişahlarına verdikleri “çar” unvanın çeşitli varyantları incelenmektedir. İncelemede, söz konusu olgunun kaydedildiği ilk kaynaklar hangi döneme ve hangi bölgeye ait olduğu, bu olgunun ortaya çıkmasına sebep olan faktörlerin ne olduğu, “çar” unvanının erken Osmanlı’nın kimlik mitleriyle alakası olup olmadığı irdelenmiştir. Makalede, o dönemde yaşayan farklı Bulgar yazarlarının metinleri incelendiğinde dil ve tarihsel analizler üzerinden “çar” unvanın kullanılışında XIV. ve XV. yüzyıllarda Bulgar Orta Çağ toplumu arasında Balkanların Osmanlı tarafından fethine dair görüş ve tutum farklılıklarının olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ ÇOCUK SEVME DÜZEYLERİNİN ÖĞRETME MOTİVASYONLARINI YORDAMA GÜCÜ
Authors: ÖZKAL Neşe
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı pedagojik formasyon eğitimi sertifika programına ve eğitim fakültesine devam eden öğretmen adaylarının çocuk sevme düzeylerinin öğretme motivasyonlarını yordama gücünü incelemektir. Çalışma Akdeniz bölgesinde bir kamu üniversitesine devam eden 206 eğitim fakültesi ve aynı fakültenin pedagojik formasyon eğitimi sertifika programına devam eden 207 formasyon öğrencisi ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmada genel tarama modellerinden ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Veriler “Çocuk Sevme Ölçeği” ve “Öğretme Motivasyonu Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda içsel öğretme motivasyonunu çocuk sevme ve öğrenim görülen program türünün, dışsal öğretme motivasyonunu ise öğrenim görülen program türünün anlamlı düzeyde yordadığı bulunmuştur. Araştırmada pedagojik formasyon eğitimi sertifika programına devam eden öğretmen adaylarının çocuk sevme, içsel ve dışsal motivasyon düzeylerinin eğitim fakültesine devam eden öğretmen adaylarından anlamlı ve pozitif yönde daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.
YUMUŞAK GÜÇ YANILGISI
Authors: SÜMER Gültekin
Published: December 2020

Yumuşak güç kavramı sert güce alternatif olarak algılanır hale gelmiştir. Ancak yumuşak güç, sert gücün alternatifi olacak şekilde yumuşak bir güç olmayıp çoğu durumda ileri bir sanayi ülkesinin sert gücünün uzantısı olmaktadır. Uluslararası politikada güç bölünemez bir kavramdır. Yumuşak güçlerin tümünün aynı zamanda “sert güç” olması ve “sert güç” olmayan bir “yumuşak güç”ün bulunmaması günümüzdeki uluslararası sistemin gerçeklerini açık bir şekilde sergilemeye yeterli olmaktadır. Güç kavramında köklü bir değişim, ancak uluslararası sistemin de köklü bir değişimden geçmesi halinde mümkün olabilir. Kaldı ki, mevcut durumda yumuşak güç, gerçek anlamıyla güç kavramının gereklerini karşılayamamaktadır.
KENDİ HIZINDA ÖĞRENEN OLMAK: YAVAŞ OKUL VE TEMELLERİ
Authors: ÇAVUŞOĞLU Duygu , KARTAL Osman Yılmaz
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, Yavaş Okul yaklaşımı kavramsal ve teorik temelleri çerçevesinde incelenmektedir. Yavaş Okul yaklaşımının temel karakteristik özellikleri açıklanmaktadır. Temelleri 2001 yılında Maurice Holt tarafından atılmış olan Yavaş Eğitim, çocukların öğrendikleri şeylerin daha çok farkında olması amacıyla yenilikçi yollar arayan öğretmenler, ebeveynler ve akademisyenler tarafından dünya çapında yaygınlaşmaktadır. Yavaş Hareketi’nde bahsedilen yavaşlık yerelleşme, sanat eseri yaratma, kendini keşfetme ve ortaya çıkarma anlamlarına gelmektedir. Yavaş Gıda akımının temellerinde olduğu gibi, yeni edinilen bilginin, yeni yapılan bir işin, ürünün son kullanıcıya ulaşmadan önce özenle gözden geçirilmesi için yeterli zamana ihtiyaç vardır. Çünkü ortaya çıkacak ürünün yapan kişinin güdüsünü ve ilgilerini temsil etme niteliğine ulaşması gerekir. Bu süreçleri yaşarken, insanlar birbirleriyle etkileşime girer ve sosyalleşirler; bu durum da yerelleşmeyi beraberinde getirir. Yavaş Okul Hareketi, eğitim konuları üzerine etraflıca düşünmenin önemini vurgular. Öğrenciler bir şey öğrenirken, normatif bir çerçevenin içerisine sıkışmamalılar; aksine, bağımsız hareket edebilecekleri, ilgilerini keşfedebilecekleri ve meraklarını ortaya koyabilecekleri bir ortama sahip olmalıdırlar. Yavaş pedagojide öğrenme kişiye özel bir süreç olarak görülmektedir. Yavaş öğrenmenin temel özelliği bireylerin kendi hızlarında öğrenebilmesi ve keşfedebilmesidir. Daha rekabetçi ve telaşlı olma zamanı olarak anılan 21. yüzyılın gerektirdiklerinin aksine, yavaş pedagoji öğrencilerin kendi öğrenme süreçlerini belirleyip, atacakları adımlara karar vermekte daha az bağımlı ve daha özerk bireyler olma imkânı verir.
SINIF ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN MATEMATİK ÖĞRETİMİNE YÖNELİK YETERLİK İNANÇLARI
Authors: ARCAN Hatice Canan , ŞAHİN Çavuş
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı sınıf öğretmenlerinin matematik öğretimine yönelik yeterlik düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelemektir. Araştırma betimsel bir çalışma niteliğinde olup tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırma 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini Çanakkale il merkezinde bulunan ilkokullarda görev yapan sınıf öğretmenleri, örneklemini ise 10 ilkokulda görev yapan 150 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler sınıf öğretmenlerinin matematik öğretimine yeterlik düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla; “Kişisel Bilgiler Anket Formu” ve “Matematik Öğretimi Yeterlik İnanç Ölçeği (MTEBI)”nin Türkçe uyarlaması ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizi sonucunda; değerlendirme yapılan değişkenlerin hemen hemen hepsinde sınıf öğretmenlerinin matematik dersi öğretimine yönelik yeterlik inançları yüksek çıkarken; öğretmenlerin yaşları ve yabancı dil bilme durumları ile matematik dersi öğretimine yönelik yeterlik inanç düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir farka rastlanmıştır. Yaşları 21-34 arasında olan sınıf öğretmenlerin matematik öğretimi yeterlik inançlarının 45-54 yaş arasındaki öğretmenlere ve yine 21-34 yaş arasındaki öğretmenlerin 55-64 yaş arasındaki öğretmenlere göre daha güçlü yeterliği olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Yabancı dil bilen sınıf öğretmenlerinin matematik öğretimi yeterlik inancının, yabancı dil bilmeyen sınıf öğretmenlerinden daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
TÜRKİYE’DE SİGORTA SEKTÖRÜNE KATKILARI AÇISINDAN KATILIM SİGORTACILIĞI PRİM ÜRETİMİ ANALİZİ
Authors: BAŞOĞLU Burçin
Published: December 2020

Sigorta; bireylerin ve kurumların belli bir miktar para ödenmesi yoluyla toplanan tutarların, bireylerin, kurumların ve varlıkların zarara uğramaları halinde zararın karşılanmasında kullanıldığı bir risk transferidir. Bu yolla toplanan primler vasıtası ile ülke ekonomisi için önemli bir tasarruf kaynağı yaratılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; son yıllarda sigortacılık literatürüne giren Katılım Sigortacılığı (Tekâfül) hakkında genel bilgiler verildikten sonra Genel Sigortacılığa prim üretimi bazında katkıları değerlendirilmiştir. Katılım Sigortacılığı, Genel sigortacılığın; faiz, belirsizlik ve kumar gibi etmenlerden arındırılmış bir alternatifi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmayla Katılım Sigortacılığı ve diğer sigortacılık sistemlerinin kavramsal çerçeveleri açıklanmış ve bu uygulamaların benzer ve farklı yönleri ortaya konulmuştur. Daha sonra Katılım Sigortacılığı sisteminin yapısı, özellikleri, ilkeleri ve metodları anlatılmıştır. Türkiye’deki Katılım Sigortacılığı güncel verilerine dayanılarak sektördeki son durumu ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı; Türkiye’de Katılım Sigortacılığı prim üretiminin, Genel Sigortacılık prim üretimi içerisindeki payının değerlendirmesini yapmaktır. Bu amaçla 2014-2018 yılları arasındaki son 5 yıllık Katılım Sigortacılığı prim üretimi ve Genel Sigortacılık prim üretimi verileri Türkiye Sigorta Birliği (https://www.tsb.org.tr/) internet sitesinden temin edilerek oransal analizi ve değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Değerlendirme neticesinde; Katılım Sigortacılığının Genel Sigortacılık prim üretimine her yıl artan oranda katkı sağladığı gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca Katılım Sigortacılığı yapan şirket sayısının da her yıl artış gösterdiği görülmektedir.
THE TIDAL FLOOD-AFFECTED COMMUNITY’S PERCEPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN PASIRKRATONKRAMAT SUB-DISTRICT PEKALONGAN
Authors: Marfai Muh Aris , . Sudrajat , Rosida Eviana
Published: December 2020

Pekalongan City, particularly North Pekalongan District, lies adjacently to the Java Sea. This situation shapes the vulnerability of the District to tidal floods, which have been occurring since 2005. Tidal floods negatively affect the community, as well as the inundated environment. Since 2016, the flooding has reached the areas in Pekalongan Barat District, especially Pasirkratonkramat Sub-District. It affected 1,435 households distributed in 13 Community Units. This research analyzed the community perception of the quality of the environment inundated by tidal floods, including the biophysical and the socio-economic environments. It used questionnaire and performed interviews with 93 heads of household as the respondents, as well as field observation that produced qualitative data of environmental quality. The results of this research presented the tidal flood-affected community’s perception of environmental quality, which was determined by education, income, and length of residence in tidal flood-prone locations. Furthermore, the results of community’s perception of environmental quality analyses using measuring instruments and statistical tests, i.e., chi-square test and binary logistic regression, supported the research analysis.
INFLUENCIA DE LA CÁSCARA Y FIBRA DE COCO EN MEZCLAS ASFÁLTICAS EN CALIENTE
Authors: Castro Jerónimo Harold Roosevelt , Romero Rodríguez Bryan Ricardo , Vásquez Mendoza César Augusto , Arriola Carrasco Guillermo Gustavo
Published: December 2020

Las nuevas tecnologías en la producción de mezclas asfálticas se han visto influenciadas por la utilización de materiales amigables con el medio ambiente tales como polímeros, aceites y fibras naturales siendo en esta investigación el material estudiado el coco, que es un material que se presenta en la mayoría de regiones del Perú, además se facilita su uso, transporte y pues algunos estudios han demostraron que la cáscara de coco puede mejorar la resistencia a la tracción indirecta y el comportamiento de fluencia estática del asfalto, mientras que la fibra de coco puede aumentar la estabilidad, la resistencia al deslizamiento y el módulo de elasticidad. El objetivo de la investigación correspondió a determinar la influencia de la cáscara y fibra de coco en la mezcla asfáltica en caliente, para la cual se estudiaron previamente las características de la cáscara y la fibra para aplicarlos al asfalto como componentes en porcentaje dentro de una mezcla asfáltica en caliente, luego fue necesario evaluar los resultados según la normatividad peruana y la ASTM, finalmente se desarrollo el método Marshall para obtener el porcentaje óptimo de asfalto contrastando dichos rangos con una mezcla asfáltica convencional para de esa manera validar los resultados. Las conclusiones muestran que la cáscara y la fibra de coco si mejoran las propiedades de las mezclas asfálticas en caliente cuando se combinan con un asfalto, sin embargo no se descarta su aplicación en otro tipo de mezclas.
IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN PROGRAMA DE CUMPLIMIENTO EMPRESARIAL QUE PROTEJA Y PREVENGA CONDUCTAS CRIMINALES DESPLEGADAS EN EL DELITO DE LAVADO DE ACTIVOS. IQUITOS 2019.
Authors: Vizconde Morales Raúl Hernani
Published: December 2020

En la actual investigación se busca realizar una correcta implementación de un programa que genere un cumplimiento empresarial que proteja y prevenga conductas criminales que se encuentran desplegadas en el delito de lavado de activos, teniendo como objetivo general analizar las conductas criminales desplegadas en el delito de lavado de activos para implementación de un programa de cumplimiento empresarial, así mismo se plantea hacer un estudio respecto a determinar si con la implementación de un programa de cumplimiento se podrá disminuir el delito de lavado de activos, en la ciudad de Iquitos, identificar qué tipo de conductas criminales se despliegan del delito de lavado de activos. Y finalmente proponer la implementación de un programa de cumplimiento empresarial que proteja y prevenga conductas criminales desplegadas en el delito de lavado de activos, para ello se desarrolló un tipo de investigación mixta con un diseño experimental donde los elementos se conservan estable, aplicando el instrumento de recolección de datos que es la encuesta que fue aplicada ante una población de 50 especialistas en el tema en mención. Cabe resaltar que se buscó identificar las responsabilidades de las personas jurídicas por defectos en su organización o funcionamiento para imponerles un castigo no solo por medio de las sanciones especiales en el marco de los procesos penales, sino también sancionándolos penalmente por tener la posición de garante y por verificarse defectos en el control de la organización delegado a terceros por los actos que involucren en el delito de lavado de activo debido a que se llega a considerar como cualquier acto que puede realizar las personas en función a la conversión, la transferencias, el ocultamiento, la retención o el trasporte de los activos, de los cuales la mayoría se aplica por el dinero, generando ganancias de orígenes ilícitas.
Programa Inform´ática e Educação
Authors: Aparecido Cordão Francisco , Novelino Barato Jarbas , Seabra Carlos , Soffner Rosemary , Ramalho Luciano , Moraes Fonseca Júnior Fernando
Published: December 2020

O Programa Informática e Educação (PIE), desenvolvido pelo Senac em São Paulo entre 1986 e 1996, marcou época, reconhecido pela excelente qualidade, e tem conquistas presentes até hoje em dia. Em meados de 1980, o Senac-SP estava redesenhando seus caminhos e questionando a si mesmo sobre como seria a educação do futuro. Nesse contexto, a Gerência de Educação Profissional foi quem assumiu o projeto. Muitas pessoas contribuíram para a construção do PIE, aliás, essa é uma das características que marcaram esse grupo: o espírito de colaboração. Por isso esta entrevista coletiva, revelando um pouco de nossa dinâmica. Vamos então conhecer os personagens dessa história altamente inovadora.
Estimating the false-negative test probability of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR
Authors: Wikramaratna Paul S , Paton Robert S , Ghafari Mahan , Lourenço José
Published: December 2020

Background

Reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) assays are used to test for infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. RT-PCR tests are highly specific and the probability of false positives is low, but false negatives are possible depending on swab type and time since symptom onset.

Aim

To determine how the probability of obtaining a false-negative test in infected patients is affected by time since symptom onset and swab type.

Methods

We used generalised additive mixed models to analyse publicly available data from patients who received multiple RT-PCR tests and were identified as SARS-CoV-2 positive at least once.

Results

The probability of a positive test decreased with time since symptom onset, with oropharyngeal (OP) samples less likely to yield a positive result than nasopharyngeal (NP) samples. The probability of incorrectly identifying an uninfected individual due to a false-negative test was considerably reduced if negative tests were repeated 24 hours later. For a small false-positive test probability (<0.5%), the true number of infected individuals was larger than the number of positive tests. For a higher false-positive test probability, the true number of infected individuals was smaller than the number of positive tests.

Conclusion

NP samples are more sensitive than OP samples. The later an infected individual is tested after symptom onset, the less likely they are to test positive. This has implications for identifying infected patients, contact tracing and discharging convalescing patients who are potentially still infectious.
ASİMETRİK STRATEJİLERİN DÖNÜŞÜMÜNDE MEDYA KULLANIMI: ORTAK MANTIK, FARKLI YÖNTEMLER
Authors: PEKŞEN Hasan Deniz
Published: December 2020

Silahlı çatışmaların geleneksel olmayan yöntemlere kaymasını içeren süreç hem güç kullanmanın yöntemini hem de politik amaçlara ulaşmanın yollarını da dönüştürmüştür. Daha önce savaşlarla alakalı bulunmayan konu ve alanların birer işleve sahip olmaya başladıkları gözlemlenmiştir. Bu alanlardan birisi olan medyanın politik amaçlara ulaşmadaki rolü giderek artmış ve asimetrik strateji uygulayan aktörlerin medyayı ele alış biçimini dönüşmüştür. Bu çalışmada söz konusu etkileşim ele alınmış ve medyanın asimetrik stratejiler içerisindeki işlevi sorgulanmıştır.
Medyanın savaşın yalnızca aktarıcısı değil aynı zamanda bir kamuoyu yaratıcısı olma işlevinin belirmesi ile gerilla örgütleri medyada görünürlüğü artırıcı faaliyetler ve propagandanın duyulması faaliyetlerine ağırlık vermeye başlamışlardır. Bunu ise ‘savaşın sıradanlaşması’ takip etmiş ve bu çabalar eskisi kadar etki yaratamamaya başlamıştır. Buna tepki ise terörist örgütlerden gelmiş, savaşın sıradanlaşmasını önleyecek düzeyde vahşice şiddet yöntemleri ile faaliyetlerini yeniden medya gündemine sokmayı başarmışlardır. Buna paralel olarak yaygınlaşan sosyal medya ve bilgisayar oyunları ise günümüz silahlı mücadelelerine yeni bir boyut eklemiştir. Çalışma bu dönüşüm sürecini incelemekte ve farklı stratejilerin medya kullanımındaki benzerlik ve farklılıklarını ortaya koymaktadır.
Patient dissatisfaction with medical dental care
Authors: Barinov Evgeny , Dobrovolskaya Nadezhda , Ivanova Anastasia , Kalinin Ruslan , Manin Alexander , Mikheeva Natalya , Romodanovsky Pavel
Published: December 2020

The article provides information on the results of studying the materials of 150 commission of forensic medical examinations on the facts of patient dissatisfaction with the provision of medical care. The relevance of the problem of the legal relationship between a doctor and a patient is revealed and shown. The lack of information on these issues leads to a high probability of disputed situations in the providing dental care, so there is an urgent need for an integrated approach to the implementation of legally defined rights of patients. Media coverage of the above-mentioned problems plays an important role in improving the level of legal competence of patients. At the same time, the direct relationship between the doctor and the patient is the most important mechanism for implementing the patient's rights at the dental appointment and preventing conflicts. Behavior of doctors in such cases should be strictly regulated by normative legal acts. The process of information sharing with patients and transfer of information to the patient's relatives should receive in medical preventive institution specific legal basis under sections 30, 31, 48, 61 “Principles of legislation of the Russian Federation about health protection of citizens”, to be fixed in job descriptions with the designation of responsibility.
Verification of the severity of damage to health with damage to the organ of vision
Authors: Voronko Yana , Barinov Evgeny
Published: December 2020

The eye-damage is one of the most significant causes of disability and blindness. In this study the possibilities of practical use of harm to health severity criteria in cases of eye-damages are considered and the illustration of their application is presented.
Analysis and assessment of forensic medical examinations and studies of living individuals who have experienced acute intestinal infections for 2018–2019 according to the BSME of the subject of the Russian Federation
Authors: Gritskevich Olga , Kadochnikov Dmitriy
Published: December 2020

To assess the modern approach in determining the severity of harm to human health in acute intestinal infections, an analysis of the acts of the forensic medical examination of living persons who have suffered acute intestinal infections was carried out on the basis of the forensic medical examination bureau of the southern region for 2018–2019. The analysis showed that today, children are more susceptible to acute intestinal infections, and according to the standards for assessing the degree of harm to human health, the main factor is taken into account, the number of days spent on inpatient or outpatient treatment, regardless of the severity of the infection. In this case, no attention is paid to the long-term consequences of the infection, which, in turn, lead to chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and significantly reduce the quality of life. The findings indicate the need to develop criteria for assessing the severity of harm to health in acute intestinal infections. This will make it possible to systematize the approach and objectively assess the degree of harm caused to health.
The current state of the theory and practice of establishing the severity of harm caused to human health as a result of exposure to a biological factor
Authors: Kadochnikov Dmitriy
Published: December 2020

The article presents the state of the theory and practice of establishing the severity of harm caused to human health as a result of exposure to a biological factor. It is shown that at present, the severity of health damage from exposure to a biological factor is assessed mainly by the duration of a health disorder. Given that the biological factor is inherent in the ambiguity of the outcome, the transition to a chronic form and the presence of a long incubation period, an assessment of the duration of a health disorder cannot be objective and reasonable. A solution to this problem is proposed. The classification of biological environmental factors that cause harm to human health is presented.
Forensic evaluation of the rate of development of ARDS in cases of poisoning with clozapine and baclofen
Authors: Romanova Olga , Sundukov Dmitry , Golubev Arkady , Blagonravov Mikhail
Published: December 2020

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a syndrome of severe respiratory failure. Its etiology is associated with the impact of various aggression factors, which can be divided into direct and indirect.
The aim of our study was to identify and compare histomorphological changes in the lungs in clozapine (150 mg/kg) and Baclofen (85 mg/kg) administration, depending on the conditions of use of these drugs. Experiments were conducted on outbreed male rats weighing 250–290 g and 20 weeks old. The animals were divided into 5 groups: the controls, Baclofen (85 mg/kg), clozapine (150 mg/kg), Baclofen (85 mg/kg and ethanol), clozapine (150 mg/kg) and ethanol.
Iatrogenic death of a patient as a result of local anesthesia with the use of the drug “Naropin”
Authors: Semenov Sergey , Bozhchenko Alexandr , Tolkach Pavel
Published: December 2020

The article considers the clinical and forensic aspects of the possibility of establishing a causal relationship between the use of the drug “Naropin” and the death of a patient during local anesthesia. In this case, the patient sought outpatient medical care for paraproctitis. The decision made by the doctor the decision for local anesthesia is the use of the drug “Naropin”. At 20 minutes of administration of the drug in the required dosage, the patient suddenly developed convulsions and clinical death occurred, and later the patient died. When conducting a forensic examination of the corpse, the most significant was the following: a small pinpoint wound in the upper quadrant of the right buttock, pulmonary edema, liquid blood and small loose blood clots in the heart cavities, brain edema. During a post-mortem Toxicological examination of the blood, the presence of ropivacaine (a component of naropine) was found to exceed the threshold toxic concentration. Repeated expert research has found that led to the onset of death-the erroneous introduction of the anesthetic “Naropin” directly into the blood vessel, which is prohibited by the instructions for its use due to a very narrow zone of toxic action.
DETERMINANT ANALYSIS RISK FACTORS INCIDENCE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION AT PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Alexander Yuliana, Melyani,
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Pregnant women were susceptible exposed to Hepatitis B Virus infection due to a decrease activity of Sel T in the immune system. The prevalence of Hepatitis B infection in West borneo (2,53%) was higher than the prevalence in Indonesia (1,9%). HBV infection during pregnancy was caused of vertical transmission from mother to child by uteroplacental circulation with HBsAG and DNA of (HBV) as a medium. The purpose of this research is analyze the determines the risk factors of the incidence Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnancy women in Sungai Durian health center years 2018-2020. The type of research used was case control. The population in this research was 133 as a case, 532 not infected women as a control group was done by simple random sampling. The research instrument uses a check list sheet. Prevalence of Hepatitis B in pregnancy by 2.57%. Related variabels with HBV such as age, parity, size of LILA, anemia and environment with p value < 0,05. Age was dominant variable with Odds Ratio 1.608 caused at risk of becoming infected with HBV through saliva and sperm during sexual intercourse, decreased immunity and medical action  which can be an entry point for HBV.

Keywords : Hepatitis B, infection, risk factor, pregnancy women
THE DYNAMICS OF JAMA (JAMU MADURA-MADURESE TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINE) IN THE VIEWPOINT OF PUBLIC WOMAN
Authors: Salat Sri Yunita Suraida
Published: December 2020

Currently the development of modern medicine is happening, the people in Sumenep persist in using and consuming Jamu (Indonesian traditional herbal medicine) to prevent and to cure diseases, in the process of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. This habit was inherited from their ancestors. This study aimed to describe views and opinions of postpartum mothers on the puerperal herbal medicine that they consumed during the postpartum period. This study design was qualitative study with a phenomenological approach with total participants were 20 postpartum mothers and their families and 2 postpartum herbal medicine makers. Data were collected by direct observation through in-depth interviews. The results showed 5 themes describing the dynamics of the Madurese traditional herbal medicine in the viewpoint of post-partum mothers, namely their reasons for consuming postpartum traditional herbal medicine, the form of the herbal traditional medicine consumed, their knowledge of postpartum herbal medicine, the benefits of postpartum traditional herbal medicine, and the mother's desire to consume the puerperal herbal medicine in the future. It can be concluded that there was different viewpoint that described by postpartum women about consuming postpartum herbal medicine. In general, they found that postpartum herbal medicine had benefits directly in the recovery process of the postpartum period and increasing breast milk production
Descortesía en los debates políticos costarricenses del 2018
Authors: Vegara Heidke Adrián , Tretti Beckles Valentina , Herrera Moya Arlene
Published: December 2020

Este artículo se centra en el uso de estrategias de descortesía en los debates costarricense durante la campaña electoral 2018 en primera ronda y la segunda. Como base teórica partimos de los planteamientos de Blas (2001), quien propone una clasificación de estrategias de descortesía para aplicar en debates televisivos. Se analizaron siete debates, cuatro de la primera ronda y tres de la segunda. Se identificaron las estrategias y subestrategias de descortesía utilizadas en el debate, resultados que se cuantificaron. Asimismo, se estableció una relación entre estrategias de descortesía, destinatario y temáticas abordadas. Esta última categoría se presenta exclusivamente respecto a los candidatos que pasaron a segunda ronda. Como parte de los resultados, destaca que tanto en los debates de la primera ronda como en los de la segunda, la estrategia más utilizada es asocia directamente al interlocutor con intenciones, hechos, negativos, con la subestrategia réstale credibilidad. En segundo lugar, estuvo la estrategia formula contrastes desventajosos para el interlocutor, cuya subestrategia critica a personas o cosas cercanas al interlocutor fue la más utilizadas de todas las subestrategias. Por otro lado, el candidato de segunda ronda más atacado fue Carlos Alvarado, con temáticas como ‘críticas al PAC y al gobierno PAC’ y ‘corrupción PAC’ y mediante la estrategia formula contrastes desventajosos para el interlocutor. Entre las recomendaciones está abordar los efectos del uso de diferentes estrategias discursivas en el público de los debates y los determinantes culturales.
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN B.ED COLLEGE
Authors: Sivaramakrishan Priti
Published: December 2020

The aim of the present study was to investigate the perception of B.Ed student teachers towards Total Quality Management (TQM) in Teacher Training Colleges. The study aims to evaluate how well the college functions in the transaction of imparting the teaching learning process.  The study was conducted on 68 B.Ed student teachers from one of the teacher training colleges of Mumbai University.  The data was analyzed using percent mean method. The results of the study showed that most of the dimensions of quality control ranged between 60% to 75% which suggests that the said college has room for improvement on its services.
COLLEGE STUDENT MIND-SET AND INTENTIONS TOWARD ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN CHENNAI CITY
Authors: Sankar  , Sutha Irin
Published: December 2020

The objective of the present paper is to examine the college student Mind-set and intentions toward entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship is considered as engine of economic growth. That plays a great role in the economic growth and development of the country, more so in a rapidly developing country like India. Entrepreneurship development today has assumed great significance as it is a key to economic development. Entrepreneurs are the seed of industrial development and its fruits are greater employment opportunities, increase in per capita income, higher standard of living and balanced regional development. The present paper attempts to review and analyze the empirical studies undertaken to find out the entrepreneurial intention among college students and find out the factors influencing their decision to venture in entrepreneurship.
Sustainability through the liaison with data archive users
Authors: Kudrnáčová Michaela , Trtíková Ilona
Published: December 2020

As a social science data archive, we focus on collecting research data and archiving it. However, there are more responsibilities that come with data archiving: cooperation on international social surveys (ISSP, ESS), supporting secondary data analysis and much more. Significant part of our work is to communicate with students and researchers, to educate them about data management and data analysis. Although the relationship we have is functional and seems sufficient, we tend to ask ourselves: who are the data archive users and what do they expect from us?
We decided to employ user-centered design methods and tools to define a typical user of our services and to find out what their motivations for using our data archive are and what specific functions they use and (do not) appreciate, so we would have a better image of their needs. Moreover, we wondered about the role of open science and its impact on the users’ needs and future requirements arising from the open science environment. Obtained information is a point of departure for redesigning archival services to satisfy new demands our users have regarding more data resources, new techniques of scientific work and better interconnection between different platforms.
Reflexões sobre dança na educação física escolar
Authors: Alves Flávio Soares , Couto Yara Aparecida
Published: December 2020

ResumoEsse ensaio debate alguns desacertos envolvendo a dança na Educação Física Escolar. Para tanto, parte de uma experiência didática envolvendo o ensino das danças no contexto do Mestrado Profissional (ProEF). Neste contexto de partida, recolocam-se questões acerca da dimensão educativa atribuída à dança na escola, o que exige a busca de compreensões mais amplas acerca da dança – aqui instaladas a partir do enfoque da Dança Criativa e dos estudos Labanianos – bem como, a afirmação de uma aposta – aqui apoiada na dança da cultura Hip-hop – que, enquanto tal, oportunize sempre de modo reflexivo, crítico e situado, a mobilização de maiores relações de sentido no encontro entre estudantes, a dança e a Educação Física Escolar.Palavras-chave: Ensino. Dança. Mestrado Profissional. Educação Física Escolar.Reflections about dance in scholar physical educationAbstractThis essay debates some mistakes involving dance in the Scholar Physical Education. For this, it starts from a didactic experience involving the teaching of dances in the Professional Master´s context (ProEF). In this context of departure, questions are raised about the education dimension attributed to dance at school, which requires the search for broader understandings about dance – installed here from the Creative Dance focus and Labanian studies – as well as the affirmation of a bet – supported here in the dance of Hip-hop culture – that, as such, makes possible in a reflective, critical and situated way, to the mobilization of greater relations of meaning in the meeting between students, dance and Scholar Physical Education.Keywords: Teaching. Dance. Professional Master. Scholar Physical Education.Reflexiones sobre la danza en la educación física escolarResumenEste ensayo debate sobre algunos desaciertos relacionados com la danza en la Educación Física Escolar. Para tanto, se parte de uma experiencia didáctica que implica la enseñanza de danzas en el contexto del Máster Profesional (ProEF). En este contexto de partida, se plantean interrogantes sobre la dimensión educativa atribuída a la danza en la escuela, que requiere la búsqueda: de entendimientos más amplios sobre la danza – instalados aqui desde el enfoque de la Danza Creativa y los estudios Labanianos – así como la afirmación de uma apuesta – apoyada aqui en la danza de la cultura Hip-hop – que, como tal, aprovecha siempre de manera reflexiva, crítica y situada, la movilización de mayores relaciones de sentido en el encuentro entre los estudiantes, la danza y la Educación Física Escolar.Palabras clave: Enseñanza. Danza. Máster Profesional. Educación Física Escolar.
Tanzimat’tan II. Meşrutiyet’e (1839-1908) Esnaf Hareketliliği, Devlet Kontrolü ve İstanbul
Authors: TURNA Nalan
Published: December 2020

Modern devletler 17. yüzyılda ve sonrasında ortaya çıktılar. Sınırları belli bir coğrafi alana yerleşen bu devletler, büyüyen bürokrasileri ve orduları finanse etmek için teb'alarını/vatandaşlarını doğrudan vergilendirdiler. Bunun için kimin teb'a/vatandaş olup kimin olmadığını belirlemeleri gerekiyordu; çeşitli kanunları yürürlüğe koydular, sayımlar yaptılar ve iç/dış pasaportların da dâhil olduğu kimlik kartları çıkardılar. 17. yüzyıldan itibaren daha fazla genişleyemeyen Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, sınırları belli bir devlet olarak elindeki kaynakları etkin bir şekilde kullanma ihtiyacı duydu. Egemenliği altındaki insanların hareketlerini daha düzenli olarak kontrol etmeye ve gözetleme mekanizmaları geliştirmeye başladı. Elinizdeki bu makale Tanzimat’tan II. Meşrutiyet dönemine (1839-1908), İstanbul özelinde esnaf hareketliliğini ve devletin oynadığı rolü göstermektedir. Başkent İstanbul'a, kimin teb'a/vatandaş olup olmadığını belirleme ihtiyacına, devletin hareketleri denetlemesinin ekonomik boyutuna ve dolayısıyla çıkarlarının üst düzey esnaf ve tüccarla örtüşmesine, Şehremaneti'nin bir parçası olarak kurulan Esnaf Kalemi üzerinden lonca yöneticisi/kethüdanın değişen rolüne dikkat çekmektedir. Son olarak da 1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus savaşını takiben ve esas olarak 1890’lar ve sonrasında Ermeni esnafın hareketliliğini örneklemektedir.
Workers as Petitioners: Discursıve Practices of Iranian Textile Workers, 1906-1941
Authors: AFACAN Serhan
Published: December 2020

This study deals with the discursive practices of Iranian workers and their relationship with the state from the Constitutional Revolution in 1906 until the end of Reza Shah’s reign in 1941 with a particular focus on the late 1920s and 1930s. Although organized labour, such as trade unions, as well as collective labour actions, such as strikes, are undeniably important in examining the trajectory of Iranian workers’ relationship with the state, only a small segment of workers joined in them, compared to their overall number. Thus, this article provides an analysis of workers’ petitions as a more common and non-confrontational form of labour activism, and an often-deferential means of negotiating with the state over working and living conditions. In the main, it argues that the discursive formation of the Iranian working class, in its broadest sense, preceded its material formation. Also, since non-striking workers were not necessarily passive recipients of state policies, an emphasis is made on workers’ petitions, mostly from the textile industry, to show how they tried to work the system ‘to their minimum disadvantage’, to use Eric Hobsbawm’s phrase.
Democratic Transitions and the Military: Evidence from Spain and Turkey
Authors: ECEVİT Yüksel Alper
Published: December 2020

Democratic transitions may have unintended consequences. Modes of transition exert significant influence on post-transition outcomes. Here, I focus on two most similar cases; Spain and Turkey, included in the ‘Third Wave of Democratization’. After an evaluation of critical junctures by using Croissant, Kuhn, Chambers and Wolf (2010)’s framework, I argue that civil-military relations during transitions are key to explain post-transitional outcomes. The extent to which military power was influential in transitional decision making creates a long-lasting impact for the political regimes. Hereby, I recall the importance of a comparative analysis of historical cases to develop an understanding of emerging democracies in an era of democratic decline.
Penentuan Pengelompokan Penjualan dengan Kombinasi K-Means dan Hamming Distance
Authors: Vulandari Retno Tri , Remawati Dwi
Published: December 2020

Penentuan penjualan dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara. Pengelompokan penentuan penjualan, terdiri dari barang yang laku dan tidak laku. Hasil pengelompokan digunakan sebagai pertimbangan dalam memproduksi barang dan menentukan strategi pemasaran. Penghitungan yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode K-Means Clustering dan Hamming Distance. Data atribut terdiri dari data non numerik, sehingga jarak yang sesuai adalah jarak hamming. Apakah barang tersebut tergolong barang yang dimasukkan dalam pasaran atau tidak. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan data laporan penjualan yang dapat melaporkan barang laku dan tidak laku di setiap cabang perusahaan.
Semantic Analysis of the English Phraseological Units with Verb of Motion in Water as Core Component
Authors: Shidlovskaya Diana Urievna
Published: December 2020

The study aims to identify the main semantic features of the English phraseological units with a verb of motion in water as the core component. Along with an analysis of dictionary definitions, the article also carries out a contextual analysis of the considered phraseological units, which allows the researcher to deepen the study of their semantics, as well as to understand specificity of their use. Scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that these English phraseological units have not been exposed to a comprehensive study either in Russian or in foreign works before. The result of the study was identification of seven different lexical sets of phraseological units, detection of the main semantic and functional features of the phraseological units that were included in the research material.
Specifics of Newly Appeared Anglicisms Adaptation in the Slavonic Languages (by the Material of the Russian and Bulgarian Editions of the “Elle”, “Cosmopolitan” and “Glamour” Magazines)
Authors: Kiseleva Larisa Ayratovna , Pleshanova Mariya Alexeevna
Published: December 2020

The paper aims to reveal specifics of newly appeared Anglicisms adaptation in the language of the Slavonic mass media. The research material includes articles from the Russian and Bulgarian editions of glossy magazines. Scientific originality lies in the fact that the authors for the first time provide a comparative study on adaptation of newly appeared Anglicisms in the language of the Russian and Bulgarian editions of women’s glossy magazines. The conducted analysis allows concluding that the majority of borrowings are in the process of adaptation in the system of the recipient language: they are not considered “foreign” (spelling without inverted commas, lack of explanatory references), but have not become codified yet. Some Anglicisms, which are not represented in dictionaries, form derivative lexemes.
The German-Slavonic Parallels within the Dichotomy “To Come into Being - to Die” in the German and Russian Languages: Etymological, Synchronic and Diachronic Aspects
Authors: Sheshkina Tatiana Fominichna
Published: December 2020

The paper aims to reveal phonological, morphological, word-formative, semantic, diachronic peculiarities of the German-Slavonic lexical correlates within the dichotomy “to come into being - to die”. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that relying on etymological, linguo-culturological, historical data, the author identifies the German-Slavonic correlates that originated as a result of cross-ethnic interaction, provides their comprehensive analysis taking into account morphological, phonological, semantic aspects. The research findings are as follows: the author shows that etymologization of the Slavonic correlates allows reconstructing the German lexical archetypes.
Subjectivity in Modern Management
Authors: Nigomatullina Rezida Maskhutovna
Published: December 2020

The study aims to present the notion of subjectivity in management activity as having multiple meanings, referring to various types of management rationality. Scientific novelty of the research lies in substantiating the influence that moral and value attitudes have on rationality of management subjectivity development, which has allowed the researcher to determine distinct nature of the Russian management. As a result, it was shown that subjectivity can be presented in the form of corporate policies, management position, in the format of file texts. The competence-based approach of institutionalising management activity remains relevant in the Russian realities. It was determined that subjectivity is expressed through management institutions, as well as through a manager’s personality.
Non-elite conceptions of Europe: Europe as reference frame in English football fan discussions
Authors: Weber Regina , Brand Alexander , Niemann Arne , Koch Florian
Published: December 2020

Discursive approaches to Europe usually focus on elite discourses and target a narrow political understanding of Europe. Against the backdrop of rising Euroscepticism and the known elite-mass divide on issues of European identity, it seems important to shift the focus toward non-elite discourses on Europe. Given that club football is largely Europeanised (player markets, continent-wide club competitions and broadcasting of matches), we analyse how fans of the English Premier League club Manchester United discursively construct ‘Europe’ in relation to their sport. Our main research question aims at identifying how identifications of fans have been unconsciously Europeanised in the wake of an ongoing Europeanisation of the game. We explore online discourses on rivalry, competition and player transfers in club football as these areas are strongly influenced by the interplay of national and European inclinations. Preliminary results of our qualitative content analysis demonstrate that Manchester United fans, inasmuch as their club ‘goes Europe’ on a frequent basis, have developed transnational perspectives on football. Distinctions between ‘us’ and ‘them’ are not predominantly based on nationality, even though they remain complex. However, European orientations (not the European Union as such) seem to play more of a prominent role than commonly assumed.