bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uma Abordagem de Teoria dos Jogos sobre Operações de Aluguel no Mercado Acionário Brasileiro
Authors: Ardison Kym Marcel Martins , Costa Luciana de Andrade
Published: September 2014

No mercado brasileiro, a instituição dos juros sobre capital próprio (JSCP) abriu precedentes para ganhos, em operações estruturadas, oriundos da diferença entre as alíquotas tributárias das pessoas físicas e dos fundos de investimento. Tal diferença gera incentivos à realização de operações de aluguel de ações em que, às vésperas do pagamento de JSCP, os investidores pessoa física emprestam suas ações aos fundos de investimentos, os quais recebem integralmente os JSCP e repassam apenas 85% do valor aos investidores. Nosso objetivo é compreender como o excedente gerado por meio dessa operação de arbitragem tributária é dividido entre os agentes envolvidos na operação de aluguel de ações e determinar se existem condições nas quais os agentes não terão incentivos para realizar tal operação. Através de uma abordagem de jogos não cooperativos, estruturamos essa operação e analisamos possíveis equilíbrios de Nash Perfeito em Subjogos em três situações: (1) relação direta entre investidor e fundo de investimento e ausência de custos de transação; (2) relação direta entre investidor e fundo de investimento e presença de custos de transação; e (3) relação entre investidor e fundo de investimento intermediada por uma corretora, e presença de custos (menores) de transação. Nos casos em que a corretora não realiza a intermediação, mais contratos tendem a ser fechados, mas o ganho do fundo apenas cobre os custos de registro da operação. Essa situação se reverte quando admitidos custos de transação elevados, em que, no caso extremo, o investidor perde seu poder de barganha e seu ganho compensa apenas sua aversão ao risco. Ao introduzirmos a corretora na operação, somente investidores que possuam uma quantidade mínima de ações receberão ofertas do fundo via corretora. O ganho do fundo tende a diminuir devido à presença da corretora e, em determinadas situações, o investidor perde seu poder de barganha e aceita qualquer contrato que compense sua aversão ao risco.
Volatilidade e Previsão de Retorno com Modelos de Alta Frequência e GARCH: Evidências para o Mercado Brasileiro
Authors: Val Flávio de Freitas , Pinto Antonio Carlos Figueiredo , Klotzle Marcelo Cabus
Published: September 2014

Com base em estudos desenvolvidos em anos recentes sobre o uso de dados de alta frequência para a estimação da volatilidade, este artigo implementa o modelo Autorregressivo Heterogêneo (HAR)desenvolvido por Andersen, Bollerslev, e Diebold (2007) e Corsi (2009), e o modelo Componente (2-Comp) desenvolvido por Maheu e McCurdy (2007) e os compara com a família de modelos Autorregressivos com Heteroscedasticidade Generalizados (GARCH)para estimar a volatilidade e os retornos. Durante o período analisado, os modelos que usam dados intraday obtiveram melhores previsões de retornos dos ativos avaliados, tanto dentro como fora da amostra, confirmando assim que esses modelos possuem informações importantes para uma série de agentes econômicos.
Risk factors for death in patients with severe asthma
Authors: Fernandes Andréia Guedes Oliva , Souza-Machado Carolina , Coelho Renata Conceição Pereira , Franco Priscila Abreu , Esquivel Renata Miranda , Souza-Machado Adelmir , Cruz Álvaro Augusto
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for death among patients with severe asthma. METHODS: This was a nested case-control study. Among the patients with severe asthma treated between December of 2002 and December of 2010 at the Central Referral Outpatient Clinic of the Bahia State Asthma Control Program, in the city of Salvador, Brazil, we selected all those who died, as well as selecting other patients with severe asthma to be used as controls (at a ratio of 1:4). Data were collected from the medical charts of the patients, home visit reports, and death certificates. RESULTS: We selected 58 cases of deaths and 232 control cases. Most of the deaths were attributed to respiratory causes and occurred within a health care facility. Advanced age, unemployment, rhinitis, symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease, long-standing asthma, and persistent airflow obstruction were common features in both groups. Multivariate analysis showed that male gender, FEV1 pre-bronchodilator < 60% of predicted, and the lack of control of asthma symptoms were significantly and independently associated with mortality in this sample of patients with severe asthma. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of outpatients with severe asthma, the deaths occurred predominantly due to respiratory causes and within a health care facility. Lack of asthma control and male gender were risk factors for mortality.
Clinical application of CT and CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy in patients with indeterminate pulmonary nodules
Authors: Cardoso Luciana Vargas , Souza Júnior Arthur Soares
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical application of CT and CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (CT-PTNB) in patients with indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPNs). METHODS: We retrospectively studied 113 patients with PNs undergoing CT and CT-PTNB. Variables such as gender, age at diagnosis, smoking status, CT findings, and CT-PTNB techniques were analyzed. Data analysis was performed with the Student's t-test for independent samples the chi-square test, and normal approximation test for comparison of two proportions. RESULTS: Of the 113 patients studied, 68 (60.2%) were male and 78 (69%) were smokers. The diameter of malignant lesions ranged from 2.6 cm to 10.0 cm. Most of the IPNs (85%) were located in the peripheral region. The biopsied IPNs were found to be malignant in 88 patients (77.8%) and benign in 25 (22.2%). Adenocarcinoma was the most common malignant tumor, affecting older patients. The IPN diameter was significantly greater in patients with malignant PNs than in those with benign IPNs (p < 0.001). Having regular contour correlated significantly with an IPN being benign (p = 0.022), whereas spiculated IPNs and bosselated IPNs were more often malignant (in 50.7% and 28.7%, respectively). Homogeneous attenuation and necrosis were more common in patients with malignant lesions (51.9% and 26.9%, respectively) CONCLUSIONS: In our sample, CT and CT-PTNB were useful in distinguishing between malignant and benign IPNs. Advanced age and smoking were significantly associated with malignancy. Certain CT findings related to IPNs (larger diameter, spiculated borders, homogeneous attenuation, and necrosis) were associated with malignancy.
Anemia in hospitalized patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Oliveira Marina Gribel , Delogo Karina Neves , Oliveira Hedi Marinho de Melo Gomes de , Ruffino-Netto Antonio , Kritski Afranio Lineu , Oliveira Martha Maria
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of anemia and of its types in hospitalized patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS: This was a descriptive, longitudinal study involving pulmonary tuberculosis inpatients at one of two tuberculosis referral hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We evaluated body mass index (BMI), triceps skinfold thickness (TST), arm muscle area (AMA), ESR, mean corpuscular volume, and red blood cell distribution width (RDW), as well as the levels of C-reactive protein, hemoglobin, transferrin, and ferritin. RESULTS: We included 166 patients, 126 (75.9%) of whom were male. The mean age was 39.0 ± 10.7 years. Not all data were available for all patients: 18.7% were HIV positive; 64.7% were alcoholic; the prevalences of anemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency anemia were, respectively, 75.9% and 2.4%; and 68.7% had low body weight (mean BMI = 18.21 kg/m2). On the basis of TST and AMA, 126 (78.7%) of 160 patients and 138 (87.9%) of 157 patients, respectively, were considered malnourished. Anemia was found to be associated with the following: male gender (p = 0.03); low weight (p = 0.0004); low mean corpuscular volume (p = 0.03);high RDW (p = 0; 0003); high ferritin (p = 0.0005); and high ESR (p = 0.004). We also found significant differences between anemic and non-anemic patients in terms of BMI (p = 0.04), DCT (p = 0.003), and ESR (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this sample, high proportions of pulmonary tuberculosis patients were classified as underweight and malnourished, and there was a high prevalence of anemia of chronic disease. In addition, anemia was associated with high ESR and malnutrition.
Oxidative damage induced by cigarette smoke exposure in mice: impact on lung tissue and diaphragm muscle,
Authors: Carlos Samanta Portão de , Dias Alexandre Simões , Forgiarini Júnior Luiz Alberto , Patricio Patrícia Damiani , Graciano Thaise , Nesi Renata Tiscoski , Valença Samuel , Chiappa Adriana Meira Guntzel , Cipriano Jr Gerson , Souza Claudio Teodoro de , Chiappa Gaspar Rogério da Silva
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate oxidative damage (lipid oxidation, protein oxidation, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances [TBARS], and carbonylation) and inflammation (expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin [p-AMPK and p-mTOR, respectively]) in the lung parenchyma and diaphragm muscles of male C57BL-6 mice exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 7, 15, 30, 45, or 60 days. METHODS: Thirty-six male C57BL-6 mice were divided into six groups (n = 6/group): a control group; and five groups exposed to CS for 7, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with control mice, CS-exposed mice presented lower body weights at 30 days. In CS-exposed mice (compared with control mice), the greatest differences (increases) in TBARS levels were observed on day 7 in diaphragm-muscle, compared with day 45 in lung tissue; the greatest differences (increases) in carbonyl levels were observed on day 7 in both tissue types; and sulfhydryl levels were lower, in both tissue types, at all time points. In lung tissue and diaphragm muscle, p-AMPK expression exhibited behavior similar to that of TBARS. Expression of p-mTOR was higher than the control value on days 7 and 15 in lung tissue, as it was on day 45 in diaphragm muscle. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that CS exposure produces oxidative damage, not only in lung tissue but also (primarily) in muscle tissue, having an additional effect on respiratory muscle, as is frequently observed in smokers with COPD.
Lodenafil treatment in the monocrotaline model of pulmonary hypertension in rats
Authors: Polonio Igor Bastos , Acencio Milena Marques Pagliareli , Pazetti Rogério , Almeida Francine Maria de , Silva Bárbara Soares da , Pereira Karina Aparecida Bonifácio , Souza Rogério
Published: September 2014

We assessed the effects of lodenafil on hemodynamics and inflammation in the rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control; monocrotaline (experimental model); and lodenafil (experimental model followed by lodenafil treatment, p.o., 5 mg/kg daily for 28 days) Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was obtained by right heart catheterization. We investigated right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and IL-1 levels in lung fragments. The number of cases of RVH was significantly higher in the monocrotaline group than in the lodenafil and control groups, as were mPAP and IL-1 levels. We conclude that lodenafil can prevent monocrotaline-induced PH, RVH, and inflammation.
Homofobia e violência moral no trabalho no Distrito Federal
Authors: Siqueira Marcus Vinicius Soares , Saraiva Luiz Alex Silva , Carrieri Alexandre de Pádua , Lima Helena Karla Barbosa de , Andrade Augusto José de Abreu
Published: September 2014

Neste artigo se analisam formas de violência moral no trabalho, envolvendo homos sexuais masculinos do Distrito Federal. Foram realizadas entrevistas com trabalhadores desse grupo, com o intuito de registrar suas histórias de vida e situações de constrangimento em função de sua orientação sexual. O material coletado foi tratado mediante a análise de conteúdo, tendo sido discutidas duas categorias principais: a vida em sociedade e a vida em organizações. Os principais resultados revelam a existência de um contexto de violência moral, explícita ou velada, e de omissão dos superiores hierárquicos em relação a tais situações. Concluise que este estudo pode auxiliar na compreensão da violência moral no ambiente de trabalho, evidenciando a necessidade de as organizações trabalharem na prevenção e no combate à discriminação em qualquer nível.
Gestão ambiental regional: usando o IAD Framework de Elinor Ostrom na "análise política"da gestão ambiental da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre
Authors: Silva Filho José Carlos Lázaro da , Küchler Johannes , Nascimento Luis Felipe , Abreu Mônica Cavalcanti Sá de
Published: September 2014

O trabalho apresenta uma "análise política" do gerenciamento do meio ambiente em uma região metropolitana brasileira, partindo do Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework. Analisase como é possível gerenciar os problemas de uma região metropolitana, cujas unidades administrativas independentes, os municípios, devem atuar coordenadamente para obter um resultado positivo para a região. Para tanto, revisamse os conceitos de "análise política" e o Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework, efetuase pesquisa secundária das arenas e suas interações na região e, ainda, entrevistamse 41 atores da rede política de gerenciamento ambiental da região metropolitana em questão. Como resultado, foi construído um quadro institucional do gerenciamento da região, baseado no IAD Framework. Neste, se identificam resultados da ação em forma de rede para a gestão de problemas específicos locais, com programas e ações. Identificase, também, uma interação entre os atores do sistema do meio ambiente e atores do novo sistema de recursos hídricos, sendo este último uma peça fundamentalno caso da poluição hídrica da Região Metropolitana.
Empresas familiares do setor moveleiro e desenvolvimento local em Guarapuava - PR
Authors: Grzeszczeszyn Geverson , Machado Hilka Vier
Published: September 2014

Este estudo analisa a participação de empresas familiares no desenvolvimento local, especificamente empresas familiares moveleiras da cidade de Guarapuava - PR. Para a realização deste estudo qualitativo, buscaramse interpretações de sujeitos que atuam no poder público, de empresários e exempresários da indústria de móveis, e coleta de dados secundários. Os resultados mostram que a participação de empresas familiares da indústria de móveis no desenvolvimento local em Guarapuava ocorre por meio de: constituição de redes sociais informais de cooperação entre empresários moveleiros; participação em parcerias de negócios entre empresários moveleiros e com outras categorias empresariais; articulações de empresários moveleiros com representantes do poder público; dentre outras contribuições, como: geração de empregos, doações diversas e auxílios a pessoas e entidades. Não obstante, constataramse inúmeras dificuldades enfrentadas pelo poder público municipal quando da estruturação e efetivação de iniciativas públicas inovadoras de estímulo e apoio ao desenvolvimento do setor moveleiro, desde a década de 1980.
Guerreiro Ramos e a fenomenologia: redução, mundo e existencialismo
Authors: Boava Diego Luiz Teixiera , Macedo Fernanda Maria Felício , Ichikawa Elisa Yoshie
Published: September 2014

Partindo-se de um referencial fenomenológico-hermenêutico, busca-se neste artigo interpretar os escritos de Guerreiro Ramos a partir do ano de 1957, com o objetivo de apresentar e discutir os conceitos fundamentais fenomenológicos que o autor usou em seus trabalhos. Para tal, faz-se uma apresentação preliminar da fenomenologia e do método fenomenológico empregado. Demonstra-se que Guerreiro Ramos, ao elaborar sua obra, valeu-se de três pilares oriundos da fenomenologia: redução (de Husserl), mundo (de Heidegger) e existencialismo (de Sartre). Ademais, explana-se que não é possível dizer que o autor foi fenomenólogo, mas sim um sociólogo engajado, que visava a transformação social.
O paradoxo de Mozart: carreiras nas indústrias criativas
Authors: Bendassolli Pedro F. , Wood Jr. Thomaz
Published: September 2014

Nos últimos anos, a literatura sobre carreiras foi enriquecida devido ao desenvolvimento do conceito de carreiras sem fronteiras. No entanto, a idéia de ausência de fronteiras pode ser considerada imprecisa, porque fronteiras continuam a existir. Este trabalho procura contribuir para o entendimento das novas fronteiras das carreiras sem fronteiras. Para tanto, foram realizadas 20 entrevistas semi-estruturadas com artistas e profissionais atuando nas indústrias criativas. Os setores abrangidos incluem arte multimídia, artesanato, cinema, dança, desenho, literatura, música, pintura, teatro e desenvolvimento de software. Os resultados dessas entrevistas apontam no sentido de que as carreiras são construídas num ambiente em que atuam forças contraditórias, originárias dos laços entre cultura e economia. Tais contradições geram paradoxos que demandam a construção de soluções de compromisso. Dois desses paradoxos são discutidos: o paradoxo entre amadorismo e profissionalismo e o paradoxo entre valorização intrínseca e valorização extrínseca do trabalho. O artigo discute, ainda, algumas das estratégias utilizadas pelos entrevistados para fazerem frente a esses paradoxos, concluindo com sugestões para futuras investigações.
Desafios e oportunidades das incubadoras de empresas para a incorporação de estratégias ambientais
Authors: Fonseca Sergio Azevedo , Souza Silvia Batista de , Jabbour Charbel José Chiappeta
Published: September 2014

O objetivo central deste texto é relatar os resultados de um estudo sobre os potenciais e as possibilidades das incubadoras de empresas serem tratadas como instrumentos de políticas públicas para a promoção de práticas ambientais nas empresas a elas vinculadas. Adota, como pressuposto, a importância da incorporação da dimensão ambiental como fator de competitividade e assume, como premissas, as dificuldades históricas e estruturais da pequena empresa para realizar investimentos em dimensões que não a econômica. Utiliza os campos referenciais da gestão ambiental e do Triple Bottom Line, tratando-os como traduções dos princípios do desenvolvimento sustentável no plano das atividades empresariais. Do ponto de vista metodológico, o estudo combinou componentes teóricos com empíricos, por meio de pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, com base em estudo de casos múltiplos. Os resultados alcançados revelaram o grande distanciamento das incubadoras brasileiras em relação ao papel que deveriam cumprir como agentes de políticas públicas de promoção do desenvolvimento local sustentável.
Avaliação de desempenho de redes de pequenas empresas: contribuições da abordagem da produção de sentido
Authors: Wegner Douglas , Misocsky Maria Ceci
Published: September 2014

Este artigo discute a avaliação de desempenho das redes interorganizacionais, com base em uma abordagem interpretativista que oferece uma concepção particular sobre as organizações e sobre como se constituem a partir da produção de sentido, realizada pelos sujeitos que as compõem. Toma-se como argumento o fato de que o processo de produção de sentido dentro das redes e entre redes diferentes faz com que o sentido da relação cooperativa seja distinto para os participantes. A contribuição da abordagem interpretativista para a avaliação de desempenho em redes de empresas implica aceitar a dimensão da subjetividade, já que a produção de sentidos diferentes influencia, também, as percepções dos empresários nos processos de avaliação dos resultados do arranjo cooperativo. O artigo propõe um modelo de avaliação de desempenho de redes de empresas, aceitando e incorporando uma abordagem processual e incluindo a abordagem interpretativista da produção de sentido.
Aproximação possível e afastamento necessário entre a teoria crítica Frankfurteana e a psicanálise de Enriquez
Authors: Paço-Cunha Elcemir , Bicalho Renata de Almeida
Published: September 2014

O objetivo do presente artigo é produzir uma reflexão sobre a relação entre teoria crítica frankfurteana (Adorno, Horkheimer e Marcuse) e a psicanálise de Enriquez. O artigo evidencia a aproximação entre aquela teoria e Enriquez a partir do vínculo ao freudismo como questionamento da razão iluminista. Evidencia, por outro lado, o afastamento em função das diferenças no que se refere ao estatuto do freudismo e ao posicionamento frente à condição sócio-histórica da relação entre sujeito e objeto. O artigo conclui sobre a problemática aproximação entre a teoria crítica frankfurteana e a "psicanalítica" de Enriquez.
Inserção profissional de pessoas com deficiência nas empresas: responsabilidades, práticas e caminhos
Authors: Bahia Melissa Santos , Schommer Paula Chies
Published: September 2014

Neste trabalho, são analisadas práticas de um programa realizado por uma empresa brasileira de energia elétrica que, desde 2005, busca inserir pessoas com deficiência (PcD) no seu quadro de colaboradores. A análise relaciona o caso estudado a: referenciais sobre responsabilidade social empresarial; diversidade nas organizações; paradigmas de inclusão social de PcD; normas vigentes sobre o tema e; iniciativas similares no meio empresarial. Com base no caso, são discutidas responsabilidades dos atores envolvidos na inserção profissional de PcD no Brasil, características de práticas vigentes e caminhos para a implantação e o aperfeiçoamento de programas de contratação de PcD, considerando a noção de empresa inclusiva e diferentes dimensões de acessibilidade. Entre as conclusões, destaca-se que, embora as ações da empresa estejam além das práticas assistencialistas, não chegam a ser inclusivistas, predominando, ainda, a abordagem integradora. Isso reflete o que se observa no cenário empresarial atual, em geral: a diversidade nas organizações é considerada estratégica, porém as práticas encontram-se em estágios incipientes, particularmente na inserção de PcD, o que mostra a relevância de se aprender com as experiências em curso e refletir sobre responsabilidades e caminhos para a diversidade no trabalho.
Sete teses equívocas sobre a participação cidadã: o dilema da democracia direta no Brasil
Authors: Costa Frederico Lustosa da , Cunha Augusto Paulo Guimarães
Published: September 2014

Desde a promulgação da Constituição de 1988, a participação ativa dos cidadãos nas deliberações concernentes às políticas públicas tem sido advogada, promovida e praticada por variados grupos sociais, com ênfase crescente. Ao lado dos mecanismos de representação política tradicional, a democracia deliberativa é compreendida como o instrumento capaz de revolucionar as relações Estado/Sociedade no Brasil. O objetivo deste artigo é examinar os limites e possibilidades da democracia direta, a partir do exame de algumas premissas subjacentes ao debate sobre a participação. Partindo-se das principais suposições que norteiam as experiências de gestão compartilhada em curso no Brasil, o artigo procura apontar alguns equívocos conceituais, pressupostos infundados e percalços factuais nelas assinalados. Tais premissas permeiam a discussão a respeito do tema há muitos anos, ecoando debates travados ao longo de toda a história de construção do Estado nacional brasileiro. Analisá-los é fundamental para demarcar os limites da participação e de seu efetivo potencial transformador das relações Estado/Sociedade, em um país marcado por forte tradição de autoritarismo e desigualdade.
Self-management as a tool to organize counter-hegemony
Authors: Moraes Joysi
Published: September 2014

The basic premise in this article is that human beings cannot exist outside the "community", that is, outside organization, and that organization organized why not organize counter-hegemony from the bottom and start inside the dominant regime itself? The purpose of this essay is to discuss a certain way of organizing that may contribute to the construction or organization of a counter-hegemony against the current regime. The Gramscian argument is here used, that is, the construction of a (counter) hegemony occurs through the organization of consent without resorting to violence or coercion yet through ideological construction with the understanding that it is in the ideology and through ideology that a class may exert its hegemony over the others, that is, it may assure adhesion and consent (GRAMSCI, 1978). The paper attempts to show that organizations with self-managing proposals essentially carry the germ cell of counter-hegemony because they are based on horizontal practices and democratic organizations that have broken the strong hierarchical, asymmetric and clientelistic relationships which prevailed for centuries.
Processos decisórios e aspectos simbólicos: um estudo das culturas organizacionais da Feira do Livro de Porto Alegre
Authors: Ferraz Deise Luiza da Silva
Published: September 2014

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar a cultura organizacional da Feira do Livro de Porto Alegre mediante a identificação dos aspectos culturais compartilhados ou não entre os membros da Comissão Executiva da Feira do Livro e as implicações simbólicas de determinadas decisões administrativas. Por meio do método etnográfico e das técnicas da observação participante e entrevistas, foram pesquisadas duas edições da feira, nos anos de 2004 e 2005. Os dados revelam que há uma heterogeneidade cultural dentre as equipes organizadoras do evento, bem como uma homogeneidade por parte dos porto-alegrenses com relação à decisão da administração de expandir a feira até o cais do porto. Essa aceitação face à mudança de local só se concretizou na medida em que aspectos simbólicos atrelados ao Rio Guaíba foram acionados com vistas à sensibilização da sociedade. A ocupação do espaço da praça, de modo permanente ou temporário, também revela e esconde atores, de acordo com os valores do contexto onde a feira se encontra inserida, legitimando-se, assim, os fatos administrativos executados pelos organizadores do evento.
Institutionalizing the concept of sustainability from a tetralogical perspective: the case of Pro-Guaíba
Authors: Assis Artur Neves de
Published: September 2014

The objective of this study was to integrate Morin's complex tetralogical model and neoinstitutionalism in organizational analysis theory in order to analyze the performance of the Pro-Guaíba Program in institutionalizing the concept of sustainability in an organizational field of twelve co-executor institutions in the Guaiba Watershed Region of Brazil. In order to achieve this, both documentary research and in-depth interviews were conducted with the purpose of finding information to be categorized according to previously defined theoretical constructs. The data analysis was performed through content analysis. As a result, it was possible to obtain a complex and neoinstitutional description of the role of the program in creating the necessary interactions among these institutions in order to structure a sustainable organizational field and, thus, to institutionalize the program's concept of sustainability.
Demographic modeling of citizen science data informs habitat preferences and population dynamics of recovering fishes
Authors: Thorson James T. , Scheuerell Mark D. , Semmens Brice X. , Pattengill-Semmens Christy V.
Published: September 2014

Managing natural populations and communities requires detailed information regarding demographic processes at large spatial and temporal scales. This combination is challenging for both traditional scientific surveys, which often operate at localized scales, and recent citizen science designs, which often provide data with few auxiliary information (i.e., no information about individual age or condition). We therefore combine citizen science data at large scales with the demographic resolution afforded by recently developed, site‐structured demographic models. We apply this approach to categorical data generated from citizen science representing species density of two managed reef fishes in the Gulf of Mexico, and use a modified Dail‐Madsen model to estimate demographic trends, habitat associations, and interannual variability in recruitment. This approach identifies strong preferences for artificial structure for the recovering Goliath grouper, while revealing little evidence of either habitat associations or trends in abundance for mutton snapper. Results are also contrasted with a typical generalized linear mixed‐model (GLMM) approach, using real‐world and simulated data, to demonstrate the importance of accounting for the statistical complexities implied by spatially structured citizen science data. We conclude by discussing the increasing potential for synthesizing demographic models and citizen science data, and the management benefits that can be accrued.
Rating impacts in a multi‐stressor world: a quantitative assessment of 50 stressors affecting the Great Lakes
Authors: Smith Sigrid D. P. , McIntyre Peter B. , Halpern Benjamin S. , Cooke Roger M. , Marino Adrienne L. , Boyer Gregory L. , Buchsbaum Andy , Burton G. A. , Campbell Linda M. , Ciborowski Jan J. H. , Doran Patrick J. , Infante Dana M. , Johnson Lucinda B. , Read Jennifer G. , Rose Joan B. , Rutherford Edward S. , Steinman Alan D. , Allan J. David
Published: September 2014

Ecosystems often experience multiple environmental stressors simultaneously that can differ widely in their pathways and strengths of impact. Differences in the relative impact of environmental stressors can guide restoration and management prioritization, but few studies have empirically assessed a comprehensive suite of stressors acting on a given ecosystem. To fill this gap in the Laurentian Great Lakes, where considerable restoration investments are currently underway, we used expert elicitation via a detailed online survey to develop ratings of the relative impacts of 50 potential stressors. Highlighting the multiplicity of stressors in this system, experts assessed all 50 stressors as having some impact on ecosystem condition, but ratings differed greatly among stressors. Individual stressors related to invasive and nuisance species (e.g., dreissenid mussels and ballast invasion risk) and climate change were assessed as having the greatest potential impacts. These results mark a shift away from the longstanding emphasis on nonpoint phosphorus and persistent bioaccumulative toxic substances in the Great Lakes. Differences in impact ratings among lakes and ecosystem zones were weak, and experts exhibited surprisingly high levels of agreement on the relative impacts of most stressors. Our results provide a basin‐wide, quantitative summary of expert opinion on the present‐day influence of all major Great Lakes stressors. The resulting ratings can facilitate prioritizing stressors to achieve management objectives in a given location, as well as providing a baseline for future stressor impact assessments in the Great Lakes and elsewhere.
Assimilating Microseismic and Well-Test Data by Use of EnKF for Accurate Reservoir Characterization
Authors: Han Mei , Li Gaoming , Chen Jingyi
Published: September 2014

The pressure-transient well-test data can be used to determine the thickness-weighted average permeability in a multilayer reservoir. Injection- or production-profile logs (layer rates), if available, may be used to further quantify the layer properties. This paper explores the possibility of the use of microseismic data in place of injection-/production-profile logs for layered-reservoir characterization. The microseismic first-arrival times from the perforation-timing shots of the test well to monitor wells can only resolve the average velocity along its wavepath but are more sensitive to the layer (or region) with high wave velocity (low productivity). On the contrary, the pressure-transient data are more sensitive to the properties of the high-productivity (high-permeability) layers. Therefore, these two types of data are complementary in reservoir characterization. In this paper, we assimilate these two types of data by use of the state-of-the-art ensemble-Kalman-filter (EnKF) method. Layered-homogeneous- and layered-heterogeneous-reservoir examples verified the complementary nature of these two types of data. The porosities and permeabilities in the layered reservoir obtained after assimilating both types of data are comparable with assimilating pressure-transient and layer-rate data. EnKF is a stochastic process, and the final results may depend on the initial ensemble because of sampling errors, sample size, and nonlinearity of the problem. In this paper, we generated 10 different ensembles for each example for better uncertainty quantification. The paper shows that assimilating pressure-transient data only will yield biased estimates of layered-reservoir properties, whereas assimilating both pressure and microseismic data improves the reservoir-property estimation and reservoir-prediction capabilities.
The Application of Flow Diagnostics for Reservoir Management
Authors: Møyner Olav , Krogstad Stein , Lie Knut-Andreas
Published: September 2014

Flow diagnostics, as referred to herein, are computational tools derived from controlled numerical flow experiments that yield quantitative information regarding the flow behavior of a reservoir model in settings much simpler than would be encountered in the actual field. In contrast to output from traditional reservoir simulators, flow-diagnostic measures can be obtained within seconds. The methodology can be used to evaluate, rank, and/or compare realizations or strategies, and the computational speed makes it ideal for interactive visualization output. We also consider application of flow diagnostics as proxies in optimization of reservoir-management work flows. In particular, by use of finite-volume discretizations for pressure, time of flight (TOF), and stationary tracers, we efficiently compute general Lorenz coefficients (and variants) that are shown to correlate well with simulated recovery. For efficient optimization, we develop an adjoint code for gradient computations of the considered flow-diagnostic measures. We present several numerical examples, including optimization of rates, well placements, and drilling sequences for two- and three-phase synthetic and real field models. Overall, optimizing the diagnostic measures implies substantial improvement in simulation-based objectives.
Review-evaluating the molecular assays for measuring the oxidative potential of particulate matter
Authors: Hedayat F. , Stevanovic S. , Miljevic B. , Bottle S. , Ristovski Z.D.
Published: September 2014

Several cell-free assays are currently used to quantify and detect the
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). All of them have certain limitations, do not
provide direct comparison of results and, to date, none of these assays have
been acknowledged as the most suitable acellular assay and none has yet been
adopted for investigation of potential PM toxicity. These assays include DTT,
ascorbic acid, DCFHDA and PFN assays which have been used in measurements of
the particles generated from various combustion sources such as diesel
engine, wood smoke (or biomass burning) and cigarette smoke, as well as for
outdoor measurements. All the probes use different units for expressing redox
properties of PM. Also, their reactivity is being triggered by different
types of ROS. This limits the direct comparison of the results that are
reporting the toxicity of the same aerosol type measured with various probes.
This study is evaluating and comparing the various assays in order to develop
deeper understanding of their capabilities, selectivity as well as improve
understanding of the underlying chemical mechanisms.
Capacitive properties of polypyrrole/activated carbon composite
Authors: Porjazoska-Kujundziski Aleksandra , Chamovska Dragica , Grchev Toma
Published: September 2014

Electrochemical synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy) and polypyrrole / activated
carbon (PPy / AC) - composite films, with a thickness between 0.5 and 15 ?m
were performed in a three electrode cell containing 0.1 mol dm-3 Py, 0.5 mol
dm-3 NaClO4 dissolved in ACN, and dispersed particles of AC (30 g dm-3).
Electrochemical characterization of PPy and PPy / AC composites was performed
using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
(EIS) techniques. The linear dependences of the capacitance (qC), redox
capacitance (qred), and limiting capacitance (CL) of PPy and PPy / AC -
composite films on their thickness (L), obtained by electrochemical and
impedance analysis, indicate a nearly homogeneous distribution of the
incorporated AC particles in the composite films (correlation coefficient
between 0.991 and 0.998). The significant enhancement of qC, qred, and CL,
was observed for composite films (for ?40 ? 5%) in respect to that of the
?pure? PPy. The decreased values of a volume resistivity in the reduced state
of the composite film, ? = 1.3 ? 106 ? cm (for L = 7.5 ?m), for two orders of
magnitude, compared to that of PPy - film with the same thickness, ? ? 108 ?
cm, was also noticed.
Usability value and heavy metals accumulation in forage grasses grown on power station ash deposit
Authors: Simic Aleksandar , Dzeletovic Zeljko , Vuckovic Savo , Sokolovic Dejan , Delic Dusica , Mandic Violeta , Andjelkovic Bojan
Published: September 2014

The study of five forage grasses (Lolium multiflorum, Festuca rubra, Festuca
arundinacea, Arrhenatherum elatius and Dactylis glomerata) was conducted on
an uncontaminated cultivated land, of leached chernozem type, and on ?Nikola
Tesla A? (TENT A) thermal power station ash deposit. The concentrations of:
As, Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Fe i Cu in grasses grown on two media were compared.
Grass samples have been collected in tillering stage, when they were in full
development. During the vegetative period three replications cut was
conducted at about 3-5 cm height, imitating mowing and grazing. The
concentrations of As and Ni were elevated in media samples collected from
TENT A ash deposit, while the level of all studied elements in soil samples
collected from cultivated land were within allowed limits. The variance of
certain elements amounts in plant material collected from TENT A ash deposit
was less homogeneous; the concentrations of As, Fe and Ni were higher in
grasses collected from ash deposit, but Pb and Cu concentrations were higher
in grasses grown on cultivated land. The concentrations of Zn were
approximately the same in plants collected from the sites, whereas Cd
concentrations were slightly increased in grasses grown on ash deposit. In
general, it can be concluded from the results of this study that the
concentrations of heavy metals in plants collected from both sites do not
exceed maximal tolerant levels for fodder. The use of grasses grown on ash
deposit for forage production should be taken with reserve.
Microscopic Investigation of Pitting Corrosion in Plasma Nitrided Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Escalada L. , Brühl S. P. , Simison S. N.
Published: September 2014

UNS 31603 austenitic stainless steel was nitrided using different techniques, and pitting corrosion resistance was analysed in a chloride solution. All nitriding techniques, LEII, PI· and convectional DC nitriding produced a nitrided layer called S phase which is corrosion resistant. Pits morphology and layer structure was investigated using optical and electronic microscopy, SEM-FIB, EDS, and a 3D reconstruction of a pit was assessed using FIB tomography. It was concluded that pits are initiated in MnS inclusions and a channel was generated passing through the nitrided layer, connecting the steel with the electrolyte. Base alloy dissolution was observed beneath the nitrided layer.
Typical Zirconium Alloys Microstructures in Nuclear Components
Authors: Flores A. V. , Gomez A. G. , Juarez G. A. , Loureiro N. , Samper R. I. , Santisteban J. R. , Alvarez M. A. Vicente , Tolley A. , Condó A. , Bianchi R. D. , Banchik A. D. , Vizcaíno P.
Published: September 2014

The different microstructures typically found in nuclear components made of zirconium alloys are discussed in this paper. These include material in a variety of thermo-mechanical conditions, e. g., cold rolled, stress relieved, recrystallized, welded, biphasic, together with minority second phases belonging to the original material or incorporated due to in-service conditions. The anisotropic crystalline structure of zirconium is exploited in microscopical observations by means of polarizer filters that enhance the contrast between different grains, and greatly aid the identification in most microstructures. Most microstructural variations across a wide range of length-scales, such as those produced by welding processes, can be effectively resolved by traditional optical microscopy (OM). However, some finer microstructures like those found in CANDU1 (CANada Deuterium Uranium) reactor pressure tube material, or some minority second phase particles like the Zr(Fe, Cr)2 precipitates in Zircaloy-4 cannot be completely resolved by this technique. Thus, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are required in such cases. For SEM observations we show the valuable issue of the scale in specific microstructural studies, which allows quantifying microstructural parameters using image analysis. For TEM observations, we have greatly benefited from the electron diffraction diagrams, which have allowed us to investigate the crystalline structure of irradiated second phase particles, which would remain unnoticed to both, OM or SEM observations.
Assessing the Power of Electron Back Scattering Diffraction Characterization of Deformed F-138 Steel from the View Point of Crystal Diffraction
Authors: Bolmaro R. E. , Avalos M. C. , De Vincentis N. S. , Kliauga A. M. , Brokmeier H.-G.
Published: September 2014

Microstructural characterization by combined EBSD and X-ray diffraction analysis is shown for an FCC material deformed by rolling and further heat treatment on air. The wide variety of x-rays sources combined with EBSD allows some correlations between microstructural parameters to be withdrawn by carefully analyzing x-ray peak broadening. The combination of both techniques provides a deeper understanding of anisotropic accumulation of dislocation arrays on a deformed F 138 stainless steel. The anisotropy results in a smaller peak breadth for crystal orientations with [110] planes contained on the rolling plane, further explained as resulting from a lower storage of dislocations. After heat treatment the effect is reverted and the formerly less misoriented orientations become more uniformly oriented revealing a faster dislocation migration and annihilation and/or trapping.
Role of Corporate Hospitals in the Development of Health Care in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Anisur
Published: September 2014

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v6i1-2.20282 Pulse Vol.6 January-December 2013 p.4-5
Trends in Prevalence of Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) virus infection among blood donors in Apollo Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2007-2011
Authors: Huda KM , Nasir TA
Published: September 2014

Transfusion transmitted infection (TTIs) is still a concern associated with blood transfusion as hepatitis B and hepatitis C remains a major public health problem in a country like Bangladesh. The trends of the prevalence of HBsAg and HCV infection among the healthy blood donors even in a tertiary level hospital could be a guide for planning and implementing programs for preventive measures. All samples of a total 18,381 unit of blood were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies at Apollo Hospitals Dhaka over a period of 5 years (2007-2011). The prevalence of HBV and HCV infection was calculated by year to demonstrate the trends. The overall sero prevalence rate of HBV and HCV among all blood donors at Apollo Hospitals, Dhaka during 2007 to 2011 was 1.42% and 0.10% respectively. There was decreasing trend observed in sero prevalence of HBV (1.77% vs 1.64%) and HCV (0.13% vs 0.02%) over five years of time, although this change was not statistically significant (p=0.16 for HBV and p=0.20 for HCV). However, a significant decreasing trend was observed in the sero prevalence of HBV among blood donors aged 30 years and above, which was 1.04% in 2011 against 1.73% in 2007 (p=0.04). The decreasing trend in the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection might be the result of improvement in donor recruitment and selection, replacement donation exclusion in transfusion services, and possibly decreasing HBV infection prevalence in general population. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v6i1-2.20330 Pulse Vol.6 January-December 2013 p.27-32
Effect of Exercise in the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mahmuda F , Yasmin A , Uddin M Mahi , Begum R
Published: September 2014

Physical activity (PA) is a key element in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes but it is now well established that participation in regular PA improves blood glucose control and can prevent or delay the type 2 diabetes along with affecting lipids, blood pressure, cardiovascular events, mortality and quality of life. Structured interventions combining PA and modest weight loss have been shown to lower type 2 diabetes risks by up to 58% in high-risk populations. Most benefits of PA on diabetes management are realized through acute and chronic improvements in insulin action, gestational diabetes mellitus, and safe and effective practices for PA with diabetes-related complication. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v6i1-2.20346 Pulse Vol.6 January-December 2013 p.33-36
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)  a Case Report.
Authors: Khan BS , Alam J
Published: September 2014

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and usually fatal viral disease occurring almost exclusively in people with severe immune deficiency. This is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that usually leads to death or severe disability. Patients usually present with focal CNS abnormalities like; hemiparesis, apathy, and confusion. Multifocal white matter lesions without mass effect lead to the diagnosis of PML. In this article we present a review of literature and report of a case of PML in which the patients clinical status and MR findings are typical. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v6i1-2.20355 Pulse Vol.6 January-December 2013 p.57-59
Pineal Parenchymal Tumour of Intermediate Differentiation: a Case Report
Authors: Khaleda A , Joarder MA , Chandy M , Nasir TA
Published: September 2014

Pineal region tumours are rare, even though it gives rise to diverse array of tumour. Among these, pineal parenchymal tumour of intermediate differentiation is a newly recognized entity. We have described a 56 year old male of pineal parenchymal tumour of intermediate differentiation. As this tumour is very rare with uncertain behavior and optimal management, this case report will add value to the existing database. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v6i1-2.20356 Pulse Vol.6 January-December 2013 p.60-61
MoyaMoya Disease in a Child: a Case Report
Authors: Joarder MA , Chandy M
Published: September 2014

Acute stroke is an infrequent disease of pediatric age group patients. MoyaMoya is a rare cerebro vascular disease of unknown etiology. We report a case of 14-year-old male child who presented with right-sided hemiplegia and diagnosed as a MoyaMoya disease. MoyaMoya disease is rare, but important as a cause of cerebral stroke in children. Cerebral revascularization surgery leads to favorable outcome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v6i1-2.20357 Pulse Vol.6 January-December 2013 p.62-65