bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Searching Textline on different hosts
Authors: Boyd Fiona , King Carol , Macdonald Roberta , Oppenheim Charles , Rodgers Valerie , Walker Mary
Published: October 2003

Describes a series of searches carried out during March 1993 to evaluate the Textline database as it is loaded or is gatewayed on Data-Star, DIALOG, FT PROFILE, MAID and NEXIS. Identifies differences in the number of records retrieved from the various hosts, and, where differences were found, ascertains their nature. The authors examine the differences in some detail and put forward reasons for them.
Business data on CD-ROM: the major publishers
Authors: Foster Pamela
Published: October 2003

Outlines the business databases produced by eight major producers-Bureau van Dijk, Chadwyck-Healey, DIALOG, Disclosure, Information Access Company, Moody’s, OneSource and SilverPlatter.
Corporate mergers & acquisitions: the role of the information department
Authors: Rennie Janet , Kershaw Craig
Published: October 2003

Examines the role of the information department and the provision of information during the investigation of potential merger or acquisition targets.
Broadcast Business Information
Authors: Cooper Simon
Published: October 2003

Provides an overview of business information and training programmes on television, video and radio.
Chinese business information sources
Authors: Ying-Shan Han
Published: October 2003

Describes current developments in Chinese business information sources.
Market Research in the US-Part 1: industry, market, and advertising sources
Authors: Pagell Ruth A
Published: October 2003

Describes industry, market and advertising sources for US market research, in both print and electronic forms.
CD-ROM trends and the business librarian
Authors: Bradley Phil
Published: October 2003

This paper discusses briefly the history of the development of CD-ROM technology, then considers current events within both the electronic publishing industry and the information profession generally. A number of common themes are identified and discussed, and these are used to explore the direction that the information industry is going. The conclusion which is drawn is that the information profession is at a crossroads in its development and needs to change quite radically to survive and prosper into the next century.
Finding out: the use of business information by managers in New Zealand
Authors: Chalmers Anna
Published: October 2003

In recent years there has been a growing recognition that the ability of New Zealand businesses to compete in a global environment depends on the availability of comprehensive and easily accessible information resources. Good information management can improve decision-making in business. The conclusions presented in Finding Out: case studies of New Zealand managers and business information support the view that business people don’t always know what information they need, what is available and how to use it. However, as the need for information begins to be recognised, issues about its access, use and management emerge.
Doing business on the Internet: advertising
Authors:   Tradewinds Harvard University
Published: October 2003

Business in cyberspace has become a global reality. This is fuelled by intelligent technology and ever-expanding electronic networks and business processes. One area of business on the Internet that is growing exponentially is marketing of products and services.

Below are some selected excerpts of marketing ventures on the Internet taken from TRADEWINDS: a monthly round-up of Internet coverage in trade and industry magazines, published by Baker Library, Harvard Business School.
Business information in Denmark
Authors: Clausen Helge
Published: October 2003

Reviews the most important Danish business information sources with particular reference to those found in the annual Danish Database Directory: INFOSCAN; the Library Directory (Biblioteksvejviser) and the Guide to Special Libraries. Describes the activities of business libraries and information centres in Denmark in terms of the long tradition of service to business and industry practised by Danish academic and special libraries. Lists the most important business information libraries in Denmark, outlining the provision of business information by public libraries, information brokers and consultants, and other business information suppliers. Includes notes on specializations and details of addresses, telephone, fax and electronic mail numbers. Lists sources of information about the European Community, Danish newspapers covering business, trade and industry, and relevant newsletters. Concludes with a case study outlining the development of new business information services in the city of ørhus, citing statistics on use of the Business Information Service at ørhus Public Library, and the activities of the Business Information Centre at the Science Park, ørhus.
Business information from Central and Eastern Europe: the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland
Authors: Shelley Wendy
Published: October 2003

The Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland currently offer the most stable business environments and therefore sources of business information relating to these countries are judged likely to become increasingly important. Very briefly mentions business information sources for the Czech Republic but lists in greater detail the specific business information services in Hungary and Poland, based on 1993 surveys (the Hungarian survey was conducted by the Budapest University of Economic Sciences).
Informit: a leading Australian CD-ROM publisher
Authors: Oxley Sandra
Published: October 2003

Informit, the commercial arm of the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) Libraries, is a leading publisher, in partnership with SilverPlatter Information Inc, of CD-ROM databases for the education and research market in Australia. Describes: the activities of Informit at RMIT; the databases produced; links with the library school at RMIT (Department of Information Management and Library Studies); and marketing activities undertaken by Informit to sell its products. Concludes with a listing of specific Informit CD-ROM databases.
UK official statistics – recent changes and initiatives
Authors: Mort David
Published: October 2003

Describes the establishment in 1996 of the Office for National Statistics (ONS), through a merger of the two main government statistical agencies: the Central Statistical Office (CSO); and the Office for Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS). Notes that this development forms one of a series of measures announced in 1990 and known as the Chancellor’s Initiative, to improve the quality of official economic statistics and make them more accessible to external users. Focuses also on the establishment, in 1997, of the National Statistics Information and Library Service (NSILS) bringing together the collections of the old CSO and OPCS in two libraries: one in the new ONS headquarters building; and the other at the ONS offices in Newport, Wales. Notes the objectives of the ONS in improving access to government statistics in general, and to Government Statistical Service (GSS) statistics in particular. Considers in detail recent ONS initiatives, including improvement in the range and timeliness of information in the service industries and labour market sectors.
LEXIS-NEXIS
Authors: Poynder Richard
Published: October 2003

This article traces the early developments, in 1967, that were to form the foundation of today’s LEXIS-NEXIS service. Originally built on a text retrieval system designed for the US Air Force by the Ohio-based Data Corporation, the LEXIS-NEXIS service began life as a text-retrieval system for private use by the Ohio State Bar Association. Describes the subsequent acquisition of the service by Mead Corporation; its launch as a commercial online service; and its later purchase by Reed Elsevier. Outlines the various changes and acquisitions that have taken place over the past 30 years and that have led to LEXIS-NEXIS becoming the world’s largest online host. Describes the current offering of the service; details its various technical developments and acquisitions; and outlines the new focus on widening its international profile (in particular its current activities in Europe following the formation of LEXIS-NEXIS EUROPE Limited); and describes current moves to adapt the service to the Internet. Notes some of the competitors to LEXIS-NEXIS, notably Dialog, DataStar, FT Profile and MAID (as well as new generation Internet services like Pointcast), but concludes that with its unique combination of information sources and the commitment of a powerful international owner, LEXIS-NEXIS is currently ideally positioned to take advantage of a unique window of opportunity.
Monitoring Internet business developments in North America
Authors: Bauwens Michel
Published: October 2003

Continues the theme of an earlier article ( Business Information Review, 13(2), June 1996, pp. 77–82 (LISA ref. 9611401)), which presented a conceptual map of business information available on the Internet and the Web. Describes generic sources of information, covering general Internet business information development, including: sources for daily news; magazines; sources of ‘soft’, informal information; and other sources. Web sites are quoted, with URLs, for all resources listed.
The knowledge management process in a business school environment
Authors: Hafstad Sissel
Published: October 2003

Reports results of the ELSINOR project, undertaken at the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Norway, to bring order to the chaos in the information management functions of the School. The project group was drawn from four administrative departments, chosen for their daytoday contact with information processing. The aim of the project was to plan a complete, integrated, electronic information system with electronic mail. The problem of reporting research activities and publications was referred to a separate project and it was recommended that the FORSKDOK module, of the BIBSYS system, be used as the vehicle for registering them. Reports the strategies used in the setting of system parameters, the choice of technical solutions, the recommendations of the study and the plan for their implementation. Concludes with notes on the work done by ELSINOR to extend the School’s activities on the Web via its already established Web site.
Company Web sites: information and how to find it
Authors: Urgo Marisa
Published: October 2003

Points to the great improvement made by the Internet and the Web on the ability to find information on companies, particularly small and medium-sized companies. Presents useful advice on strategies to adopt in searching for information from company Web sites and available tools to facilitate searching, including: Web search engines; Internet service providers; and Yellow Pages and directories. Pays particular attention to the problem of Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) research. Stresses the great strength of company Web site information in that it differs from that available from standard company directories and is, therefore, complementary in character. Company Web sites are constantly changing and so offer insights into how companies are developing. Many small and medium-sized companies that had never been accessible through traditional online services are now accessible via the Internet.
Internet commerce and knowledge management – the next megatrends
Authors: Piggott Sylvia
Published: October 2003

Electronic commerce is a fairly new application of the Internet and World Wide Web and its viability will depend on the development of globally accepted legal rules and regulations, as recognized by the US President’s nine recommendations. One key to the success of Internet commerce will lie in improved privacy protection regulations and trusted encryption software. Another lies in the application of knowledge management (KM) and knowledge management systems (KMS), to ensure that the right information reaches the right people in the company, with the Web acting as the enabler. Notes particularly the important role played by Chief Knowledge Officer, whose job is to move information and knowledge around the company while making it more usable and engaging the knowledge workers in its use and replenishment. Concludes that knowledge management will generally employ a ‘pull’ rather than a ‘push’ strategy since knowledge workers will know what information is wanted and will actively search for it via KMS. There will be a need to develop appropriate critical success factors (CSF) for measuring the contribution of KMS to the enterprise. As more companies downsize, KMS will become more critical to the company as people leave the company taking knowledge they gained with them.
The Internet for legal professionals
Authors: Bauwens Michel
Published: October 2003

Discusses use of the Internet and World Wide Web in searching for sources of information on the legal profession in the wider context of the searching techniques available. Reviews the Web sites available for monitoring legal developments, including: Legal Practice Newsletter; CyberNews; CyberSpace Law Center; CyberSpace Statutes; and online periodicals (Cornell’s Journal of Online Law, CyberSpace Law Bibliography). Concludes with a review of sources of information on the legal aspects of electronic commerce, including copyright and intellectual property, and the legal impacts of the Internet.
Chinese business information sources: part 3
Authors: Ying-Shan Han
Published: October 2003

Part 3 of an article describing a wide range of Chinese business information sources, publications and databases, published in Hong Kong and the Chinese People’s Republic, not included in earlier articles, including information sources now available on the Internet and World Wide Web. Lists and describes seven selected newsletters, five important reference books and five databases available on floppy disks and CD-ROM. A large section is devoted to Web sites highlighting the rapid growth in this area since Internet services began in late 1995. (For the introductory article and Parts 1 and 2 see Business Information Review, 11(4) April 1995, pp. 37–42; 12(2) October 1995, pp. 64–74; and 13(1) March 1996, pp. 17–25.)
Taking your career in hand: the need for creativity and vision
Authors: Thew David
Published: October 2003

Examines the necessity for business information professionals to take in hand their own personal development in seeking to guide their careers through the rapid technological changes that are taking place in the information industry. Companies are increasingly demanding a wider skills base in their workers and this creates both new pressures and new opportunities for the information profession, particularly in the field of knowledge management. Knowledge management promises to bring information and intelligence to the heart of the business process. The author’s Web site (URL http://www. intelligentresources.com) includes a feature to assist job seekers in analyzing their careers and skills, their personal achievements, areas where they feel they have been less successful, skill gaps they would like to plug and strengths they would like to market.
Intranets: who’s doing what
Authors: Basker Jim
Published: October 2003

Intranets are corporate networks that use open standards, including TCP/IP, as their underlying protocols. They form a cheap belt and braces approach to companies’ needs for information based on the Web. Argues that the special value of intranets stems from: their ability to deliver interactive information quickly and in an easy to use form; their flexibility in terms of the range of media capable of being used to communicate information; and the speed with which they can be used to transmit information to correct any misinformation being circulated about the company. Key users tend to be company middle managers and it is this group of managers who must be convinced of the value of intranets for them to succeed. Briefly describes Intranet developments at: British Gas; EMI Music Services, United Kingdom; Ashurst Morris Crisp; News International; Shell International; Reuters United Kingdom; British Petroleum; Bull; Lloyds of London; NatWest; Natural History Museum; and Logica United Kingdom. Further information on intranets includes: setting up; operational difficulties; cultural issues; the range of applications within companies; corporate image; training; information services; work flow; costs and benefits; potential impact on organizations; when people should get involved; and the role of information professionals.
The Pepsi Challenge: DIY information gathering or paying for the professional
Authors: Bald Nicola , Reid Christine D.
Published: October 2003

Reports results of a study, undertaken by Strathclyde Graduate Business School, to investigate what happens when managers carry out their own information seeking and to determine whether the trend towards end user searching of business information, by company managers, threatens the role of information professionals. Companies in Scotland’s engineering sector were selected for the study and the Business School’s Business Information Service assumed the role of the information professional. Conditions for comparing the two sets of research results were based on a blind test challenge (similar to the Pepsi Challenge blind taste test). Three companies generated three genuine business enquiries, which were answered simultaneously by an information professional and by a manager in the company itself. The results were evaluated, preferred answers selected and in-depth interviews held with each company. Concludes that there are pros and cons for both the DIY approach and the use of an information professional and it is only by working together that best results are achieved. Information professionals must strive to convince company managements that they have skills which can be assets to modern companies.
Information providers Cutting the cherry cake: how the Internet is changing relationships between publishers and hosts
Authors: Matthews Janet
Published: October 2003

Considers the rapidly changing relationship between information providers (IPs) and online hosts with particular reference to the ability of IPs to make their databases available directly via the Internet and the Web. Although the host/IP relationship has been relatively satisfactory, allowing each to concentrate on their mainstream business, nevertheless, consolidation of the industry into a few major hosts, the advent of the Internet and novel approaches to pricing and product presentation have forced changes in the relationship. Evaluates some of the strengths and weaknesses that both sides currently bring to the online industry, concentrating on: publisher strategies in entering the online market in relation to hosts and other online services the commercial relationships between IP and host; and the potential impact of the industry trend towards bulk deals and lower pricing. Sets out the reasons why IPs express disappointment with the results of their early forays into the online market. Concludes with notes on the concepts of wholesale pricing and retail pricing as applied to online products. Predicts that, in future, most IPs will deliver their own electronic products, via the Internet and often priced competitively with online hosts. However, hosts are in a unique position to create for themselves a specialized alternative role as facilitators, creating links and directing customers to publisher owned Web sites.
The train now leaving.... the challenges of educating information professionals for the twenty first century
Authors: Milner Eileen
Published: October 2003

Issues of professional education in the information area have been much debated over the past several decades. However, increasingly the knowledge base and skills required to equip students to take advantage of the ever-increasing range of employment opportunities, are not always found in traditional ‘library schools’. A major challenge for emerging information departments, it is suggested, is to focus upon delivering curricula that are attractive both to students and their prospective employers. Failure to respond to this challenge will see other academic disciplines, particularly those based in business schools, moving to exploit the burgeoning market for information and knowledge practitioners.
Strategic information management in the UK retail banking sector
Authors: Broady-Preston Judith , Hayward Tim
Published: October 2003

Reports results of a British Library Research and Innovation Centre funded questionnaire and interview survey project to investigate the role of information and its relationship with strategy formulation in the UK banking sector. The choice of focus was due to the acceptance of information as playing a pivotal role in retail banking, not only in terms of externally collected data (traditional business information), but also in terms of the information processes involved in strategy formulation. The sample consisted of 15 retail banks and five large retailing organizations with financial services arms (the latter included to reflect the provision of retail banking outside the traditional banking sector). The second stage of the project involved the investigation of strategic information from the viewpoint of information managers. Results indicate the importance of accurate, current and high quality information as a critical input to strategy formulation. However, information gathering and analysis activities are viewed increasingly as an element of all managers, work within retail banking and the concept of an information professional, serving the information needs of other managers, is perceived as being increasingly archaic.
Shortcut to the skills base: the case for non-library school trained information staff
Authors: Borley Steve
Published: October 2003

Analyzes the two extreme views regarding the need for people working in business information to have a Librarianship or Information qualification, whereby some decision makers look to the new library school graduates to fill their first job positions, whereas those in post see no value in the degree discipline they have studied, and argues that neither position is correct. People who have studied library and information science have something to offer a corporate information department but they are not the only people with something to bring to a team. Examines the three main skills involved in corporate information departments: managing resources; bespoke research; and acting as a consultant to end-users to show the increasing diversity in skills needed by information workers. Matches the skills brought by library school graduates trained staff with those brought by those without a library school background to show the degree to which a mixture of skills is needed.
Confidence of Mexican Americans in Major Institutions in the United States
Authors: Weaver Charles N.
Published: October 2003

Part of the image of Mexican Americans is that they lack trust in institutions. The truth of this image was investigated by comparing responses of 324 female and 286 male Mexican Americans and 9,216 female and 7,782 male non-Hispanic Whites to items about confidence in 13 major institutions in the United States (education, organized religion, major companies, organized labor, banks and financial institutions, the press, television, the executive branch of the federal government, Congress, the U.S. Supreme Court, the military, medicine, and the scientific community) asked on 22 surveys conducted from 1973 through 2000, each of which was representative of the U.S. population. Comparisons provided strong evidence that the image had almost no basis in fact and that Mexican Americans were, in many cases, more confident in institutions in the United States than non-Hispanic Whites.
Reexamining the “Politics of In-between”: Political Participation among Mexican Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Barreto Matt A. , Muñoz José A.
Published: October 2003

This article undertakes a multivariate analysis of political participation among Mexican American immigrants. Traditional forms of participation such as registration and voting are not adequate tests of civic engagement for a population including 7 million noncitizens. Rather, this article examines nonelectoral participation including attending a meeting or rally, volunteering for a campaign, or donating money to a political cause. This research employs a national sample of Mexican Americans, including immigrants and noncitizens, and the models reveal that Mexican American immigrants are politically active. The authors find that the foreign-born are not less likely to be active than native-born respondents and, furthermore, among the foreign-born, noncitizens are just as likely to participate as naturalized citizens. Although traditional SES variables remain important, language fluency, percentage of life in the United States, and immigrant attitudes toward opportunities in the United States contribute additional predictive capacity to models of political participation among Mexican immigrants.
Preventing Substance Abuse in Hispanic Immigrant Adolescents: An Ecodevelopmental, Parent-Centered Approach
Authors: Pantin Hilda , Schwartz Seth J. , Sullivan Summer , Coatsworth J. Douglas , Szapocznik José
Published: October 2003

This article discusses the challenges that Hispanic immigrant families face and reviews the potential negative consequences of these challenges for Hispanic adolescents. The article outlines the theoretical background, goals, and intervention components of Familias Unidas, a substance-abuse-prevention program for poor immigrant Hispanic adolescents and their parents. Familias Unidas is an ecodevelopmentally based, parent-centered intervention delivered by way of parent participatory-learning groups, parent-adolescent discussion circles, and periodic home visits. Through participation in Familias Unidas, parents acquire skills for communicating with and supporting their adolescents, managing adolescent behavior problems, and becoming actively involved in their adolescents' social and academic lives, all of which are protective against substance abuse. This article delineates the key intervention principles of Familias Unidas that increase parental involvement and collaboration within the adolescents' family, school, and peer worlds and, as a result, improve adolescents' functioning in these areas.
Organizational Health: Beyond Integrated Disability Management
Authors: Wolff Shelly
Published: October 2003

With steadily increasing health care costs and a continued emphasis on more strategic HR initiatives, the management of employee health and productivity is more important than ever before. It has become necessary to broaden the scope of integrated disability management (IDM) solutions of the past and move to a more encompassing organizational health view. This new approach will link employee health and productivity to the company bottom line. By understanding work-place drivers and markers of employee health, organizations will be better suited to design strategic solutions through employee benefits programs that tie directly to improved company profitability and, ultimately, employee satisfaction. In addressing the causes of absenteeism and helping employees get back to work more quickly, organizations that implement the right policies will realize a strong return on their investment. These policies include disease management, overall health initiatives and targeted intervention and support for extended absences. Employers must also examine indirect as well as direct costs and educate all levels of the management structure.
Managing Employee Leaves: A Legal Primer
Authors: Grant Dennis D.
Published: October 2003

Private employers have made various forms of leave available to their employees for decades. These various leaves were basically matters of employer policy, and the granting and administering of such leaves was, essentially, at the company's discretion. One of the earliest forms of statutorily required leave was “industrial leave” in which an employee was unable to work because of a work-related injury. In 1965, Title VII became effective. The discretion that employers previously enjoyed as to nonstatutory leaves became subject to the legal overlay of nondiscrimination. In 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act became effective. Its regulations suggest that short-term/intermittent leave may be a job accommodation that an employer must grant. In 1993, the Family and Medical Leave Act became effective. It defines seven circumstances that constitute an employee's “serious health condition” and mandates that the eligible employee receive up to 12 weeks of leave in a 12-month period. This article discusses how the statutory forms of leave relate to one another and employer mechanisms for preventing employee leave abuse.
Comparative Theft: Context and Choice in the Hungarian, Czech, and Russian Transformations, 1989-2000
Authors: Barnes Andrew
Published: October 2003

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, some post-communist political economies were burdened by impenetrable cross-ownership groups, money-laundering banks, and captured states, while others had effectively limited corruption and laid the groundwork for long-term development. Study of post-communist corruption, however, has been hampered by a tendency to treat it as an undifferentiated phenomenon across the region. Based on purposively selected case studies of Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Russia, this article begins by systematically describing the political economies of those countries in a way that allows for a useful comparison. It then argues that the varied outcomes in the former Soviet bloc grew out of a combination of two factors: (1) the context of state-economy relations at the end of the Communist Party era and (2) the choices made by new governments on how to control the transfer of state assets to the private sector. In making that argument, the article clarifies which legacies from the old regime, which policy choices in the new era, and which aspects of state capacity are most important in shaping post-communist transformations.
Conflict and Diversity in East European Nationalism, on the Basis of a Romanian Case Study
Authors: Dobrescu Caius
Published: October 2003

Nationalism in Eastern Europe cannot be conceived apart from the inner conflicts of modernity at large. In one and the same country, it is widely conditioned by divergent in-grown historical traditions, educational backgrounds, interests, value systems, and principles. Nationalism in this area of the world has been and still is generated at the intersection between often irreconcilable Western intellectual influences and the intricacies accumulated in the local development processes. This study analyzes the main sources of conflict and diversification in the history of Romanian nationalism. Its conclusion is that the dynamics of defining nationhood imply so many centrifugal determinations and so many disagreeing but influential actors that it can be best understood as structurally open. This creates an unexpected prospect for integrating nationalism, seen as inherently fragmented, dispersed, and self-conflicting, in a process that might lead to a full-grown social, political, and cultural pluralism.
Evaluation of a Lactation Support Service in a Children's Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Gonzalez Kristine A. , Meinzen-Derr Jareen , Burke Bonnie L. , Hibler Arlene J. , Kavinsky Beth , Hess Sandy , Pickering Larry K. , Morrow Ardythe L.
Published: October 2003

Breastfeeding hospitalized infants can be difficult. The authors assessed the effectiveness of an International Board Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLC) service to increase the proportion of infants given their own mother's milk (OMM) in a children's hospital neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The charts of 350 randomly selected patients admitted the year before and after implementation of the service in July 1997 were abstracted. Factors significantly associated with infants being given OMM included infant sex, ethnicity, length of NICU stay, and 5-minute Apgar score. After comparison of the periods before and after pro-gram implementation, the proportion of NICU infants ever given their OMM was found to have increased from 31% to 47% ( P = .002). This increase differed significantly in relation to infants' clinical status and/or management (5-minute Apgar score, length of NICU stay, and age at NICU admission) but not in relation to maternal factors. Mothers with infants in the NICU should have access to lactation counseling. J Hum Lact. 19(3):286-292.
History of North American Donor Milk Banking: One Hundred Years of Progress
Authors: Jones Frances
Published: October 2003

Over the past 100 years, North American milk banking has evolved from an idea to a sophisticated process. The early history of establishment of North American banks, including screening processes undertaken, provides the basis for current procedures in modern banks. Increased research and technological improvements have also dramatically changed modern screening procedures. Human milk banks have waxed and waned through the years due to concerns of safety, lack of information, and assertive marketing of infant formula. With increasing awareness of the benefits of human milk and the safety of the optimal product provided through modern milk banks, demand is increasing, leading to greater interest in establishing additional banks. J Hum Lact. 19(3):313-318.
Antiparasitic Drugs and Lactation: Focus on Anthelmintics, Scabicides, and Pediculicides
Authors: Porto Isabel
Published: October 2003

Infections involving helminths or parasitic worms affect more than 25% of the population worldwide. Because lactating women and their infants are often affected by the complications of these infections such as iron deficiency anemia and malnutrition, they benefit the most from drug therapy. However, scientific literature offers little information regarding transfer of anthelmintics in breast milk and its effects in lactating infants. Scabies and pediculosis, or lice, are common skin infections affecting school-aged children. Close contacts of infected children, which often include lactating mothers, need treatment with one of the several topical products available in the market. This article will review the physicochemical properties and use of anthelmintics, pediculicides, and scabicides while breastfeeding. J Hum Lact.19(4):421-425.
Symptom Management and Adjustment of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Wassem Rebecca , Dudley William
Published: October 2003

The researchers studied the effectiveness of a nursing intervention in promoting adjustment and symptom management in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). This was a 4-year longitudinal study to determine whether the 4-week intensive outpatient program was effective in increasing adjustment to MS and if the treatment effect would last over time. A sample of 27 individuals with MS participated in the study. Treatment participants had significant improvements in symptom management at the 4-year follow up. This improvement was attributable to significant improvements in sleep and fatigue levels. Although adjustment and self-efficacy scores improved in the treatment group over time, this improvement was not superior to the control group. This was anticipated because the behavioral changes would precede improvement in adjustment to life following the diagnosis of MS.
A Brief Consultation and Advisory Approach for use in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services: A Pilot Study
Authors: Heywood Sam , Stancombe John , Street Eddy , Mittler Helle , Dunn Carol , Kroll Leo
Published: October 2003

In England, the demand for, and access to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) have led to endemic and intractable problems: long waiting lists, non-attendance and complaints of inaccessibility from both users and referrers. The dilemma facing CAMHS is how best to respond to rising demand without compromising the quality of specialist secondary care services. As a pilot, we developed an alternative model of service delivery that provided a brief (2+1) consultation. We also created a manual as a guide to this process. This was evaluated with 50 families, who were seen within four weeks of their returned questionnaire. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores showed that 72% of families improved and 95% of parents were satisfied with the service they received. This approach is brief and empowering, and is sufficient to produce change. Implications for services using this approach would include: (i) informing referrers of the alternative model, (ii) training requirements, (iii) increasing the number of mental health workers so that secondary care services are able to function effectively, and (iv) allowing more specialist services to deal with the more severely disturbed cases.
Management in Accident and Emergency (A&E) of Children and Adolescents Presenting with Deliberate Self-Harm (DSH)
Authors: Nadkarni Amulya , Parkin Andrew , Dogra Nisha , Evans Philip Adrian
Published: October 2003

Guidelines prepared in the UK by the Royal College of Psychiatrists regarding the management of deliberate self-harm (DSH) in children and adolescents have existed for around 20 years. Although recently revised, they remain largely unchanged. They recommend admission to a suitable ward and assessment by Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in all cases. This article examines the disparity between recommendations and practice in an Accident and Emergency (A&E) department. In two-thirds of cases the young person was not admitted and one third were discharged without any discussion with or assessment by CAMHS. This may be avoided by the development of a locally agreed policy of admission complemented by a dedicated DSH service provided by CAMHS. Nationally agreed guidelines prepared in collaboration with all the relevant specialities may be more influential in changing local practice.
Management of Plantar Ulcers in Hansen's Disease
Authors: Chauhan V. S. , Pandey S. S. , Shukla V. K.
Published: October 2003

Plantar ulcers occur in patients with Hansen's disease not because of the disease but because of its neuropathic effects on the skin over the feet. This enhances the risk of trauma to patients' feet, leading to the development of ulcers. This short article reviews the current management of leprosy on the basis of World Health Organization guidelines and the complexities of plantar ulceration in such patients. A guide to its management and prevention is also discussed.
Mycetoma Leg A—Case Report
Authors: Cathrine A. Neela , Bhattacharya Kaushik , Srinivasan V.
Published: October 2003

One rare and peculiar result of repeated minor trauma to the leg is Madura foot. Caused by fungi or fungus-like bacteria, Madura foot is found mainly in the tropics. A report of a classic case with chronic indurated swelling involving the leg and a discharge of yellowish granules is presented. The case is reported to highlight the fact that though Maduramycosis needs prolonged intensive antibacterial chemotherapy, even extensive disease can be successfully managed with conservative therapy.
Chronic Lower Limb Ulcer? No—Chloroma!
Authors: Rekha A. , Ravi A. , Thanka J. , Kuruvilla S.
Published: October 2003

Extra medullary deposits are often associated with myeloproliferative disorders, especially with myeloid neoplasia. These are called granulocytic sarcoma, aleukemic leukemia cutis, myeloblastoma, chloroleukemia, extra-medullary myeloid tumor, and chloroma. They commonly present in the bone, periosteum, soft tissue, lymph nodes, and the skin but can occur anywhere. The authors present their experience with a patient with no history of neoplasm presented with a nonhealing ulcer of the lower limb that was a chloroma associated with chronic myeloid leukemia.
Making the Portland Way of Planning: The Structural Power of Language
Authors: Hovey Bradshaw
Published: October 2003

Portland, Oregon, has attracted continuing attention for its achievements in planning, urban design, and growth management, and for its participatory approach to this work. It has stopped freeways, rebuilt its downtown, resurrected neighborhoods, built public transit, designed urban villages, and drawn urban growth boundaries. More than that, over the course of more than three decades, it has built an extensive and powerful structure of planning for neighborhoods, downtown, the city, and the metropolitan region. This article examines in detail two episodes in this process—the Northwest District Plan (1969-77) and the Southwest Community Plan (1994-2001)—as a means of demonstrating how this structure is actually the cultural product of the concerted mobilization of meaning through the use of language in planning, organizing, democratizing, and institutionalizing these practices. To suggest that language has structural power is to recast the arguments about the character and status of ostensible structural determinants of action.
City Renaissance on a Garbage Heap: Newark, New Jersey, and Solid Waste Planning
Authors: McGurty Eileen Maura
Published: October 2003

This article examines the efforts over the past thirty years at producing an urban landscape based on reusing waste for input into production. The article is a case study of Newark, New Jersey's, efforts to construct a resource recovery facility as the cornerstone of their industrial development policy. This innovative approach to economic development was replete with the rhetoric of “closed-loop” systems similar to the current proposals for developing a sustainable employment and economic base for cities. Despite the emphasis on environmentally sound economic development, the resource recovery experiment was both an economic and environmental debacle. Several of the assumptions that guided resource recovery as a mechanism for revitalization continue to inform planning.
Advances in Prosthetic Dentistry
Authors: Hobkirk John A
Published: October 2003

Until recently removable prostheses were the only form of treatment for those who had lost all or most of their natural teeth, while for the partially dentate, dentures were perceived as a poor substitute for a fixed restoration, lacking stability and prone to increasing oral disease. Subsequent studies demonstrated the functional benefits of removable partial dentures (RPDs) and how they could be used with minimal oral harm.
Absence of the left inferior thyroid artery: Clinical implications
Authors: Sherman Jonathan H. , Colborn Gene L.
Published: October 2003

Dissection of an adult male cadaver revealed an absence of the left inferior thyroid artery; its usual area of distribution to the thyroid gland was supplied by the right inferior thyroid artery. Absence of the left inferior thyroid artery occurs in 1–6% of cases. The inferior thyroid artery arises commonly from the thyrocervical trunk, passes posterior to the carotid sheath and supplies the inferior pole of the corresponding lobe of the thyroid gland; its branches can course anterior or posterior to or between branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. During thyroid surgery it is imperative to identify the relationship of the inferior thyroid artery to the recurrent laryngeal nerve or to establish its absence because injury to the nerve can be a major complication; awareness of significant variations of the surgical anatomy of the thyroid gland is vital for preserving the integrity of important structures. Clin. Anat. 16:534–537, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Benzotriazole: An Ideal Synthetic Auxiliary
Authors: Katritzky Alan R. , Rogovoy Boris V.
Published: October 2003

Benzotriazole is a synthetic auxiliary that offers many advantages. It is inexpensive, odorless, and stable. A benzotriazole group is easily introduced, activates molecules towards numerous transformations, and can be removed easily at the end of the reaction sequence. This Concept provides some recent examples of the synthetic application of benzotriazole methodology and is intended to draw attention to the versatile applications of benzotriazole in organic chemistry.
Theoretical Investigation of the Photochemical C2–C6 Cyclisation of Enyne–Heteroallenes
Authors: Spöler Carsten , Engels Bernd
Published: October 2003

Herein we discuss computations that explain experimental results regarding a highly efficient triplet analogue of the C2–C6 cyclisation of enyne–heteroallenes recently discovered by Schmittel and co‐workers.1 To shed some light on the reasons for the differences found between enyne–carbodiimides, enyne–ketenimines and enyne–allenes, we have computed the reaction profiles of the C2–C6 and of the C2–C7 cyclisations for various model compounds, assuming that the reactions take place on the lowest‐lying triplet surfaces. Our results nicely explain the differences and the unexpected high efficiency found for the enyne–carbodiimides. The differences between enyne–carbodiimides and enyne–ketenimines prove to be due to differences in the shapes of the corresponding triplet surfaces. In contrast to the enyne–carbodiimides, for which our calculations predict that a direct cyclisation to the biradical intermediates should occur after the vertical excitation, the enyne–ketenimines relax into a local minimum on the triplet surface. As a consequence, further reaction channels are opened. Our computations indicate that enyne–allene compounds do not react because the necessary excitation energy lies outside the range of the employed triplet photosensitizer. Finally, the close agreement between our results and the experimental findings indicates that the underlying reasons for the differences in the photochemical behaviour of enyne–carbodiimides, enyne–ketenimines and enyne–allenes are related to differences in the electronic structures of the parent systems, while substituent effects are less important.
Radicaloid‐Type Oxidative Decomposition Of Beer Bittering Agents Revealed
Authors: Huvaere Kevin , Andersen Mogens L. , Olsen Karsten , Skibsted Leif H. , Heyerick Arne , De Keukeleire Denis
Published: October 2003

trans‐Isohumulones, dihydroisohumulones, tetrahydroisohumulones, and humulinones, which are important hop‐derived flavor components of beer, were found, by using electrolysis of organic solutions, to be stable against oxidation, like weak acids; however, they are readily oxidized in their anionic forms as present in beer. Oxygen‐ and carbon‐centered radicals were formed by oxidation and identified by using spin trapping under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, followed by EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) spectroscopy. Generated radicals were reactive, most likely degrading into products lacking the tricarbonyl chromophore; this is typical of five‐membered‐ring hop derivatives. Thus, flavor‐active beer constituents may degrade oxidatively in the absence of oxygen, thereby leading to reaction products that escape UV detection.
Cover Picture: Unusual Iron(III) Ate Complexes Stabilized By Li–π Interactions (Chem. Eur. J. 19/2003)
Authors: Mund Garry , Vidovic Dragoslav , Batchelor Raymond J. , Britten James F. , Sharma Rajendra D. , Jones Colin H. W. , Leznoff Daniel B.
Published: October 2003

The cover picture shows a representation of a bimetallic iron complex which contains an unusual salt bridge that is supported by Li–π interactions. This molecule, containing dianionic diamido ether ligands, is referred to as an “ate” complex, due to the incorporation of the lithium halide salt from the metathesis reaction—engraved in the iron‐rich earth below the bridge. “Ate” complexes are rare in late‐transition‐metal chemistry. The tetrahedral, high‐spin iron(III) centres are not magnetically coupled and are compared with related spin‐admixed diamido ether iron(III) halide dimers that do not form “ate” complexes. The iron(III) systems are reduced by LiR, LiPPh2 and LiNPh2 reagents to yield a variety of iron(III) products. The synthesis, structure, and spectroscopic investigations of the iron(III) ate complex and its reactivity is presented by D. B. Leznoff et al. on p. 4757 ff. The cover picture was created by Christopher A. Shorrock.