bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pomoc a postawa roszczeniowa
Authors: Łaptaś Wojciech
Published: February 2021

Entrepreneurs take advantage of all kind of help and they give it to others, as well. Help, in meaning as a peculiar instinct and impulse of solidarity in human relations, is very positive social reactions that encourage and stimulate development and progress. In spite of that kind of help there is also another one, which very often has a bad effect on society. The state offering unskillfully help and assistance to entrepreneurs make them, in most cases, lay claims to state. In such a situation entrepreneurs concentrate upon searching for loans, grant and subsidy instead of running their own company. To make matters worse, they make their success dependent on assistance and help from the state. In such situation responsibilities for theirs own existence are less important than awareness of being protected by the state. When the help for entrepreneurs is connected with the condescending behavior, it could cause negative attitude and assertion of claim and would result in growing disrespect of knowledge and new claims. Taking everything into account, help and assistance for entrepreneurs should be offered in a partnership way in order to the make a positive reflections and attitude to the market
Uwagi do projektu zmiany podstawy programowej podstaw przedsiębiorczości (zrealizowanej przez Instytut Spraw Publicznych na zlecenie Ministerstwa Edukacji Narodowej).
Authors: Górz Bronisław , Rachwał Tomasz
Published: February 2021

This article presents the analysis of the third version of the project on new curriculum for the bases of entrepreneurship in the school curriculum prepared by the Institute of Public Affairs. The goal of the study is to suggest changes, which could influence the further development of presented project. The comments refer to a general thesis, the transformation of presumptions and the goals of an education. They submit alterations to the contents and requirements of the school curriculum. The team of the Department of Entrepreneurship and Spatial Economy from Institute of Geography in the Pedagogical University in Cracow prepared analysis of the project
Postawy uczniów ponadpodstawowych szkół ogólnokształcących dla dorosłych wobec rynku pracy
Authors: Czapliński Paweł
Published: February 2021

This article tries to give the answers to the questions: Who are the students of upper secondary schools for adults? Why they receive education in this type of schools? What is their level of activity in the job market? What are their attitudes toward the job market? Is there any territorial diversification in the attitudes toward job market? What influence it? The  success  in  the  job market depends on  a  lot of  factors. The most  important  factor  is intellectual inborn potential and influence of environment especially schools on individual person. Schools should form the enterprise attitudes by the lessons on entrepreneurship. This type of education unfortunately doesn’t function in the job market and hasn’t got such a chance. The public feelings, mentality and positive relations between government and businessmen are the most important factors which influence activity in the job market, as research on students of upper secondary schools for adults shows. It was conducted in cities known of their entrepreneurship . Kołobrzeg, Chojnice, Starogard Gdański and Koszalin. It seems the institutional and personal models influence students and local communities. The results of research show certain regularity. The enterprised attitudes depend not only on hard economical factors but also and maybe mostly on social and psychological factors.
Scenariusz zajęć edukacyjnych. "Gdzie zaczyna się droga do sukcesu"
Authors: Rutkowska Ewa
Published: February 2021

Aims: students: . notice the diversity in success world . give characteristic of successful man . understand a sense of self-improvement. Methods: lecture, brain storm, discussion, exercise. Lesson course: Introduction: Teacher starts the discussion, ask students : what is a success?, who is a successful man?, who can reach a success? Analysis of student.s answers: .it is impossible to create one model of success and indicate only one proper way to triumph. Discussion Final conclusion: If we want to reach a success we have to believe in our competences and develop our skills.
Przedsiębiorczość w badaniach empirycznych Instytutu Gospodarki Wyższej Szkoły Informatyki i Zarządzania w Rzeszowie
Authors: Strojny Jacek
Published: February 2021

In this article the analysis of the development of entrepreneurship in Podkarpackie Province was presented. In the first part the author discusses the term „entrepreneurship”, which is ambiguous and has various definitions in specialist texts. Then he presents results of the survey conducted among the entrepreneurs from the small & medium business sector, and he outlines the subject of researches conducted by the Institute of Economics of University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów.
Rozpowszechnienie nierolniczej działalności gospodarczej na obszarach wiejskich
Authors: Buks Joanna , Otłowska Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

Rural entrepreneurship and enterprise development can stimulate local economic growth,engage young people, and recreate communitys vitality. A lively, growing rural community willencourage further growth of the regions and entrepreneurship is one of the leveraging instruments for unify a disproportion in socio-economic development of Polish regions.The paper analyses the development of non-agricultural economic activity on rural areas andshows the chances and barriers for rural entrepreneurships increase.Research conducted in 76 villages shows that the most popular non-rural economic activityon rural areas is trading and most of the activities have local extent. Lack of the funds forlaunching a company is the great barrier to further development of rural entrepreneurship andstructural policy instruments can be a chance to improve this situation.
Regionalne efekty mnożnikowe rozwoju przemysłu motoryzacyjnego w aktywizacji gospodarczej województwa śląskiego
Authors: Wiedermann Krzysztof
Published: February 2021

The goal of this article is to present the change in the economic structure of Silesian Provincebased on the growth in auto industry that, because of its wide partners relations and because ithas a lot of plants, it introduces very big factor effects in local and regional environment. Resultsof the research confirm the important role of auto industry in economic development of SilesianProvince.
Zestawienie zmian w skonsolidowanym kapitale własnym
Authors: Voss Grażyna
Published: February 2021

Aim of the work is to present methods of developing and titles to implement changes in the ownership capitals for various legal entities. It covers the contents and the form of presentation of the statement of changes in consolidated ownership capital (with regard to domestic and foreign legal regulations). The work emphasize informational value of the statement for groups of users (internal and external) as well as its usability. Specific rules concerning a development of the financial statements and methods of their consolidation are presented. The work focuses on functions and relations in financial groups.
Wykorzystanie technologii informacyjnej w nauczaniu - uczeniu się podstaw przedsiębiorczości
Authors: Soczówka Mirosław
Published: February 2021

This paper presents results of review and didactical analysis of some multimedia discs published with handbooks for Basis of Entrepreneurships” for high schools, their internet casing and chosen thematic internet services. On the base of his own research the author presents some changes needed to better use the information technology in schools especially for teaching and learning “Basis of Entrepreneurships”.
Proekologiczna edukacja w kształtowaniu postaw przedsiębiorczych
Authors: Rosiak Janina , Szczypa Piotr
Published: February 2021

Activation of national economy needs constant education of young people and creating their attitudes, because they are the foundation for growth of future business. In the environment of escalating in globalization understanding of the basis of entrepreneurship and creating of entrepreneurial individuals, as well as society, is essential for every man who wants actively participate in the processes of development of world’s civilization. The goal of this article is to point that the education in the area of creating entrepreneurial attitudes should include shaping awareness of the threats related to the dynamic economical growth in the country and all the world. Ecological dangers are considered to be the greatest threats to the chance to the development. So the entrepreneurial man is conscious of the threats, sensitive to ecological problems and sees relationships between economic matters and modern, efficient economy that takes into account wide range of problems of environment protection.
Rozwój przewozów pasażerskich w Międzynarodowym Porcie Lotniczym im. Jana Pawła II w Krakowie na tle innych portów regionalnych w Polsce
Authors: Wójtowicz Mirosław
Published: February 2021

The aim of this paper is to examine the changes of the passenger air traffic at the John Paul IIInternational Airport in Kraków in comparison with other regional airports in Poland in the years19962005. The analysis also covers the development of aviation network from the KrakówAirport and the changes in size of passenger flows on individual routes. Special attention wasput on low-cost carriers and their impact on growth of passenger flows and the diversification ofthe offered connections.
Problem aktywizacji społecznej i zawodowej romskiej mniejszości narodowej w Austrii  na przykładzie miasta Oberwart
Authors: Osuch Wiktor
Published: February 2021

The article presents the characteristics of Roma national minority in Austria with particularconsideration of social-economic activation issues of this nation. Many years of the poor levelof education, numerous prejudices and lasting stereotypes in Austrian society towards theRoma and in effect the high percentage of unemployment among this social group resulted intheir relegation to the peripheries of social and economic life. This publication shows numerousexamples of actions taken by federal authorities in Vienna, local governments, humanitarianorganizations, mass media as well as the help with projects financed by EU in overcomingbarriers and prejudices towards Roma minority in peripheral region of Burgenland in Oberwart (Austria). The project Mri Buti (My work) is the most important success of these actions. It gavepermanent employment to several dozen Roma families, but it is not a success for the interestedparty. The process of Roma activation seems to be a longterm process and more sophisticatedthan it was planned. The stereotypes and prejudices still play the crucial role, albeit significantlyless than in the past. Unfortunately traditions and numerous habits of this population group notalways give enough motivation to take actions and decisions and they are important barriers totaking economic activity and further education.
Korzyści z wprowadzenia zasad społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu w przedsiębiorstwie
Authors: Bem-Kozieł Kornelia
Published: February 2021

The corporate social responsibility  a completely new idea until quite recently  becomesmore and more indispensable in the company strategy. It is so because nowadays CSR isassociated with a series of benefits.The paper presents the very idea of social responsibility of  business company as well asthe definition of stakeholders. It also shows profits from the using the CSR programs ina company. The last part of the paper presents results of the research that confirms CSR is notjust a philanthropic activity but also a factor that brings benefits to the company and its localcommunity
Kodeks etyczny jako narzędzie zarządzania relacjami z pracownikami
Authors: Stanek Aleksandra
Published: February 2021

The negative image of business in the public opinion has drawn its attention, firstly in USA,and after that in Europe, to the ethical issues in business activity.The ethical behaviors of the companies have mostly the external importance  they are thetools to build positive image of the company and trustworthy among its stakeholders: shareholders, customers, public opinion; and therefore they contribute to the economic growth of thecompany.Nevertheless, the ethical issues are important also inside the company, in the relations withthe employees. Codes of conducts are one of the instruments that besides building the positiverelations with the external environment may also strengthen the ties in organization. The way ofenacting the code and the employees identification with the values and rules it contains areimportant.The aim of this paper is to answer the questions: May the code of conduct be a tool ofmanaging the relations with employees, and under what conditions may it be a valuable tool, notonly another unimportant document? The first part of the paper focuses on the issue of ethics in business and genesis of this topic.After that, the deliberations focus on codes of conducts and their role in relations with environ-ment. The last part shows the evidences of the efficiency the codes of conducts in managingrelations with employees.Paper is prepared on basis of literature and researches, as well as on the authors surveys inbig international companies in some Polish cities (Kraków, Wroc³aw, Poznañ, and Warszawa).
Tworzenie i wykorzystanie potencjału nieuczciwych zachowań jako opcja strategiczna przedsiębiorstwa
Authors: Rogoda Bogdan
Published: February 2021

Lack of ethics in business activities should not be treated as a result of coincidence or error,but more often than not as a conscious choice of entrepreneur. Observation of economic prac-tice shows, that part of firms is able to make an effort in order to inquire the possibility of doingthe dishonest activity. Dishonest activity, widely named shady business occurs in the formof: tax avoidance to the detriment of budget and other taxpayers (tax evasion), using of illegalinformation to the detriment of stock-exchange investors (insider trading), corruption to thedetriment of employers by depriving them of potential contracting parties (kickbacks), andprice-fixing, and bidrigging to the detriment of purchasers. The companys ability to avoid thelegal sanctions in consequence of unethical activity can be defined as potential of dishone-sty. Creation and utilization of this potential is conditioned by internal factors, such as: lowethical level of businessman, selection of dishonest collaborators, possession of legal knowledge and team of lawyers or unclear structure of property. The external factors favorable to dishonest behaviours include: setting the firms in foreign countries, lack of experience with the courtsand prosecutors, little repeatability of contacts with deceived customers, customers highlymotivated to conclude an agreement, dispersion and weakness of contracting parties.
Projekt podstawy programowej podstaw przedsiębiorczości w zakresie rozszerzonym dla liceum ogólnokształcącego, liceum profilowanego i technikum
Authors: Rachwał Tomasz , Kudełko Joanna , Tracz Mariola , Wach Krzysztof , Kilar Wioletta
Published: February 2021

The team of scholars from Cracow University of Economics and Pedagogical Universityof Cracow headed by T. Rachwa³ and under auspices of Komisja Nadzoru Finansowego, mindfulof modern trends in the development of civilization and consequential need to form the entrepre-neurial attitudes on all stages of human growth, has developed the new concept of the base forcurriculum of basis for entrepreneurships classes in general high schools, profiled high scho-ols and technical high schools. The curriculum will be the fundament for the including thissubject to he Matura exam (lack of the curriculum prevent it from including now). So the numberof optional exams will be bigger and this is the important matter for the students of profiled highschools and technical high schools who have fewer lessons  then the other students  on thesubject required on Matura exam and have no possibilities to get a grade for neither economicsubject. Besides the including it to Matura exam will allow to count this grade as a factor duringthe recruitment procedures into the higher economical schools, will enhance the opportunitiesfor the graduates and will improve the role of economic education in the eyes of people, and willpopularize the entrepreneurial attitudes in Poland (this is one of the few of developed countrywhere this is impossible). Besides the prestige in the structure of school education probably willbe improved and the level of the teaching this subject will be enhanced, and the teachers will bebetter prepared.
„Dzień przedsiębiorczości” - szansą na lepsze przygotowanie uczniów szkół ponadgimnazjalnych do wejścia na rynek pracy
Authors: Mrożek Joanna
Published: February 2021

The following paper presents a Job Shadow Day undertaken by the Junior AchievementFoundation, a non-governmental organization with the aim of preparing children and youthsto live in market economy and to allow young people to gain knowledge and practical capabili-ties that facilitate the realization of the plans for career.The Foundation works within the framework of Junior Achievement Worldwide  the oldestand fastest developing organization in the world, which is engaged in youth economic educationin more than one hundred countries. Junior Achievement Foundation pursues its objectivesin cooperation with the business environment, the Ministry of National Education and the Natio-nal Bank of Poland.Job Shadow Day allows young people to see in detail what the ideal job looks like, to learnabout its specifics, to find out about the required qualifications and indispensable skills. Suchan experience makes it possible to compare visions with reality and to have a better idea of the fu-ture job.
Zatrudnienie w działalnoci badawczej i rozwojowej jako czynnik rozwoju gospodarki opartej na wiedzy
Authors: Kilar Wioletta
Published: February 2021

Development and rational use of human resources is a major foundation for the knowledge-based economy. Shaping a society based on knowledge depends on such factors as the outlayon research and development, the number of students, legal and economic instruments and soon. People are a crucial factor of this process, and its quality is related to the level of knowledge resources, skills, education and the quality of work organization. The present discussion analyzes the changes in the employment in research (B) and development (R) as a factor influencing the growth of the knowledge-based economy. The author assumes that employment in B+R activity is a measure of the potential which makes economy growth possible. The discussion is based on the examples of selected countries where the analysis of changes in B+R activity was conducted in the period 1995-2003. The analysis shows that the tendencies in the changes ofthe economic potential and research and development potential  in the analyzed countries point to an increasing polarity in global economy. They significantly affect the introduction of the knowledge-based economy in the specified countries. It seems reasonable to assume thatlong-term economic growth is connected primarily to the development of human resources.
Centra transferu technologii jako czynnik rozwoju gospodarki opartej na wiedzy
Authors: Grzyb Urszula
Published: February 2021

The article shows relations between academia and industry based on Technology Transfer Process, i.e. process of developing the practical applications of the results of scientific research.Technology Transfer Centres (TTC) are main instruments of the cooperation for the companiesand universities where knowledge and innovation transfer is limited by a lot of factors: stereo-types, reality of post-communist country, modern influence of knowledge-based economy andtechnology opportunities. Polish technology marketplace have to be innovative, but it dependson our entrepreneurship and good relationships between many institutions, that help Polish economy to growth. TTC provide leadership and expertise to promote and effect the timely transfer of knowledge and technology to development of the products and processes that improve knowledge-based economy
Wpływ wielkości nakładów inwestycyjnych w sektorze B+R na regionalne zróżnicowanie tempa rozwoju Francji
Authors: Dorocki Sławomir , Jenner Bartosz
Published: February 2021

The following article refers to the relationship between the rate of economic development anda share of a section related to the services for companies in France. The text discusses twoproblems: the inﬂuence of the size of investment in innovation on the GDP growth in regionalsystem of France and the inﬂuence of the structure of expenditure in R&D section on theregional differentiation of development rate of France. The analysis is based on the value ofGDP per person employed and the size of investment in innovation in the years 1991–2004.The analysis of numeral data is based on statistical methods by means of correlation and timeseries. The analysis proves that there is a relationship between the investment in education andgrowth rate of GDP. According to OECD report, the inﬂuence of innovation on economicgrowth rate can be tenfold. Capital expenditures in innovation in higher education seem to bethe best investment inﬂuencing the GDP increase. It should be emphasized that all thementioned regularities are characterized by a large regional differentiation all over the France
Postawy przedsiębiorcze mieszkańców Gdyni
Authors: Sagan Iwona , Szmytkowska Magdalena , Masik Grzegorz
Published: February 2021

Generally the research on the entrepreneurship concerns its economic dimension. There aremany projects and analyses of economic conditions in small and medium enterprises (SME)where factors and barriers of competitiveness have been described. The aim of this paper ismainly social and psychological aspects of entrepreneurship. According to the authors theseaspects are essential for the decisions to start up the business and make it possible to prosperand to be continued with satisfaction out of it. This paper is an attempt to identify features ofproper entrepreneurial attitudes among not only business owners in Gdynia, but also amongGdynia citizens who are not owners. The basis for the analysis of opinions, enterprisingbehaviour and predisposition to run a business, was questionnaire survey conducted in 2007.The results answered the key question: Has the local society a potential that can be used todevelop urban entrepreneurship?
Wspieranie przedsiębiorczości przez przeciwdziałanie marginalizacji społeczno-ekonomicznej grup nieprzystosowanych do konkurencji w gospodarce rynkowej jako dążenie do zrównoważonego rozwoju społeczeństwa informacyjnego (na przykładzie mniejszości ...)
Authors: Osuch Wiktor , Dwojak Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

The article refers to social and economic issues of Roma minority in Poland. Large groups ofRoma that live in our country – especially in the cities – are marginalized because of theirculture dissimilarity and because they cannot ﬁnd their place in actual political and economicsituation. The reason, but also the effect, of such situation is explained by low level ofeducation in Poland. Authors reckon that one of the conditions of information society’s growthis necessity to support their enterprising attitudes. Following this thesis, the authors believe,that supporting lower developed groups, which don’t keep up with actual pace of economicgrowth, is necessary to minimize the social and economic exclusion of these groups and tolimit social anxieties and clashes.On the example of Roma ethic minority group authors characterized the problems of thesegroups on a labor market, ways of ﬁghting against them and showed the perspectives ofprogress of these groups in future by building enterprising attitudes.
Zarządzanie jako czynnik rozwoju przedsiębiorczości
Authors: Huczek Marian
Published: February 2021

The article presents the role of management in the development of entrepreneurship. It showsthe characteristics of entrepreneurship and it deﬁnes the factors that have an inﬂuence on theprocess of entrepreneurship. Also, the inﬂuence of management on the development of entrepreneurship is presented.
Strategia rozwoju a ocena jakości usług na przykładzie Zespołu Pałacowego w Kurozwękach w świetle badań sondażowych
Authors: Wójtowicz Bożena
Published: February 2021

The strategy in the development and the process of creating the quality of services is one of the most important elements the business management. A 14th­century Palace in Kurozwęki is one of the most expansive and developing enterprises in the Świętokrzyski region, which has been becoming the crucial touristic centre for this province. In the present article, due to the basic conditioning, directions of the touristic enterprise development of the Palace in Kurozwęki were shown. They concerned the period of two years from 2006 up to 2008. In order to estimate the activities and the quality of services in the Palace in Kurozwęki, the survey investigations were conducted by the use of questionnaires. The 14th­century Palace in Kurozwęki has no straightforward strategies indicated. However, on the basis of the conducted investigations, interviews and analyses, it was decided to specify such strategy. The strategy presented by the author should indicate aims, which this firm must realize and constantly develop. This strategy enables the firm to deal with the specific activities, transformations as well as to gain the required funds in order to realize tasks and their allocation together with the stabilization of the firm place on the market in the future. Any enterprise has to consider the future, not only in the aspect of the existence, but also in the light of the development. The strategic benefits do not depend on the product or service prices, moreover, on their increase but they relay on the high quality of the production, the process of getting ahead others in the study of modern goods as well as on the improvement and/or introduction of new technologies and organizations.
Przedsiębiorczość i edukacja jako strategie profesjonalistów na czas kryzysu
Authors: Dąbrowski Krzysztof
Published: February 2021

The present slump in the Polish economy is cause of serious problems for blue collar workers and quite big challenges for many professionals (e.g. management, well-qualified personnel of advertising agencies). Mass media, politicians and public opinion are focused on the situation of that first group, in contradiction to the well-qualified staff.In the case of advertising sector or a similar service, one of the most popular reaction to a job loss is an own enterprise. Their competitive advantage is an implication of lower costs and greater flexibility. This phenomenon, associated with the economic crisis, has a marked influence on the entire branch. It accelerates specialization of core businesses, development of outsourcing services and implementation of global trends.In the same time, the management is more interested in an advanced education. One of the most visible indicators of that phenomenon is an increasing number of candidates for the executive MBA studies.The crisis strategies of the protection of professional positions by well-qualified staff are proving their huge adaptive capacity. Moreover those choices concerning their own career development create changes in particular sectors and even increase competitiveness of the entire national economy
Koncepcja klastra edukacyjnego dla kształtowania i rozwoju przedsiębiorczości akademickiej
Authors: Pradela Agata
Published: February 2021

The paper tries to answer the question of building educational clusters. It highlights as an example the structure of the START Project, which helps in the development of academic enterprise projects. It presents the advantages and disadvantages of clusters. Partners have the same assignments and they exchange their competencies. The paper also presents structures of clusters where partners have different assignments. One of the aims of clusters is to find a compromise wherever possible.
Proces kształtowania się korporacji ponadnarodowej Google
Authors: Boguś Marta
Published: February 2021

The formation process of any multinational corporation is driven by mechanisms of competition within global markets. In this modern era of knowledge there is an intensive development of high technology industries, mainly software, which play important roles in the various stages of processing and creation of innovative products and services. The history of Google goes back to 1995 when its founders – Sergey Brin and Larry Page met at Stanford University in California. On 7th September 1998, Google Inc. was officially incorporated. In 2001 Eric Smidt became Chief Executive Officer. In their twelve years of existence, the company maintained major development and was at the forefront of the development of software industry standards. The most profitable and constantly developing services of the corporation are the search engine, which represents more than 80% of the total search market and the advertising services such as AdWords and AdSense. However, the company diversifies its products and systematically enters into new markets in order to comprehensively meet the needs of its customers. Its diversification includes web applications, enterprise services and the market of mobile devices. The various departments of the corporation are located in 70 cities across 39 countries, usually in the capitals of these countries or, if not, in other large cities, which are associated with major public markets. The headquarters of Google is located in Mountain View, California. Most of the departments – twenty three, are located throughout North America and Europe. There are also 16 departments based in Asia. Individual countries have a varying degree of presence of Google offices, the largest being the United States with nineteen, whilst three are located in Poland, in Warsaw, Cracow and Wroclaw. Google has formed an organizational structure whose main task is to improve its competitiveness. Business development strategy is based on innovation, human potential and high quality standards and its mission is to „organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful”. With an effective strategy, Google breaks records in the number of acquired companies. The Corporation has an unusual and interesting organizational culture, which, due to concern for the well-being of employees, ensures high performance. Google’s philosophy is that of developing young, talented individuals capable of self-realization, thus creating a basis for development. In 2009 Google found itself in fourth position in the ranking of “100 Best Companies to Work For” in “Fortune Magazine”. By being faithful to its philosophy and strategy for success, Google has become part of a reality, without which some cannot imagine life. As the company is constantly expanding the range of its services and introducing innovative solutions, it is reasonable to assume that the process of the corporation’s development will be maintained.
Strategiczne kierunki kształtowania Kielc jako potencjalnej metropolii
Authors: Majcher Patrycja
Published: February 2021

The potential Kielce metropolis, located between well-developed Warsaw and Cracow metropolises, is not highly competitive when compared with domestic ones. Focusing on selected components of the economy, thanks to which a specialization is strived for, determines a bigger chance of arising in the settlement ordination of Poland and allows using a potential as well as simplifies actions in promotion and information ventures. In progressive metropolization it is necessary to increase competitiveness of regions to make them attractive areas not only for local people but especially for foreign and domestic VCs. According to The Conception of Spatial Development of Kielce Functional Area in Metropolis Progress Aspect the formation of Kielce metropolitan functions, especially the replacement of industrial centre as a city function by administrative and service sector centre, is dated to early 90s. These functions are generated by, among other things, dynamically developing trade fair centre, expansion of the higher education and financial institutions sector, administrative institutions, well-developed trade and service chain, presence of business support institutions and units, the presence of international concerns, developing culture, strong media and publishing services sector, well-developed sport base and finally strong relations between the city and nearby communes. Kielce area is non-competitive with other metropolises especially because of adverse demographic trends, insufficiently functioning domestic and European communication, low technological innovativeness, only a few international agencies and lack of specialized congressional service. There are sectors in Kielce Metropolis Area that are especially important for its balanced and dynamic development or are an essential advantage over regional contenders in rivalry for recruitment of foreign VCs. These are: constructional sector, trade fair sector and other services connected with it, stadiums and other sports facilities activity.
Kompetencje w zakresie komunikacji interpersonalnej w dobie postępujących procesów globalizacji
Authors: Osuch Wiktor
Published: February 2021

The subject of the research presented in this article is evaluation of competence of Geography and Entrepreneurship teachers and students who are teachers-to-be. In the teacher training process the crucial role is played by competences, developed mainly in the course of studies and during school practice. The author of this article has for over ten years conducted research on the students’ development of subject competence and didactic competence including the research on Geography teacher-trainees. Personal and interpersonal competencies of graduates of higher education significantly affect their chances on the ever-changing labour market. The presented research results should become an impulse for further analyses and reflection concerning the development of competence in teacher-trainees. Research in this area should successfully contribute to optimization of the teacher-training process, including Geography and Entrepreneurship teachers (not only in Poland), and to the development of an effective and efficient model of education and competence acquisition by graduates.
Terytorialne pochodzenie kandydatów na studia z turystyki i rekreacji w Uniwersytecie Pedagogicznym w Krakowie
Authors: Malarz Roman
Published: February 2021

2010 was the second year of recruitment for Tourism and Recreation studies at the Pedagogical University in Krakow. In 2009 as many as 1022 candidates applied for the full-time first stage studies at this faculty. In 2010 the number decreased by 26% (789 candidates). Despite this decrease the faculty was still one of the most popular at the Pedagogical University, and in the ranking of the number of candidates took the second place. Candidates for Tourism and Recreation faculty in 65% originated from the Malopolskie voivodeship, including 22.3% of candidates from Krakow. As compared to the previous year, the share of candidates from the capital of Malopolskie voivodeship decreased by a few per cent. A significant number of candidates originated from the surrounding voivodeships: the Silesian, Subcarpathian and Świętokrzyskie voivodeships. From amongst other voivodeships a significant number of candidates originated from the Lubelskie voivodeship. In the recruitment so far there were no candidates from Kuyavia and Pomerania voivodeship. Most candidates from the Malopolskie voivodeship came from the nearest – Wielicki and Krakovian – poviats, whereas the fewest from the frontier regions (Nowotarski, Miechowski, Oswiecimski and Chrzanowski poviats). Most candidates were town inhabitants – over 69% of the total candidates. There were as many as 24 towns with 5 candidates and more. The secondary school final examinations [Matura] results were also assessed. The best results were achieved by candidates from Tarnow, Kielce, Olkusz and Zakopane. The poorest results were achieved by candidates from Wieliczka, Busko Zdroj and Jordanow. A two-year cycle of research devoted to the candidates for tourism and recreation faculty reveals a considerable shift in the region-wise distribution of candidates for the faculty, however the period is too short to distinguish clear directions and trends in the shift.
Otoczenie a przedsiębiorczość w warunkach globalizacji
Authors: Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek Aneta
Published: February 2021

The functioning of the enterprise in a constantly changing environment means that they should make the necessary transformation, meet challenges, thus anticipate and shape the reality. Each company should be the instigator of continuous change, particularly innovative projects which success depends largely on the mobilization of all employees, on creative thinking, action and learning. Strużyński M. writes: “the contemporary processes of globalization create new conditions for flexible and rapid action on the use of various forms of organized business to gain competitive advantage on specific markets” (Strużyński 2003). Globalization can promote and restrict entrepreneurship, especially the individual one. It is written more often, however, that globalization offers the most professional conditions for the great inspiration in the field of entrepreneurship, and it is the source of modern technology and efficient management methods.
Kształtowanie się Grupy Samsung w warunkach globalizacji
Authors: Kilar Wioletta
Published: February 2021

The underlying role in the enhancement of globalization processes is held by transnational  corporations which exert impact on the formation of market network systems for goods and  services by means of locating their affiliates in global regional systems.  The purpose of the paper is to present the analysis of Samsung Group formation processes.  The Group’s business potential, impact range and production assortment diversification as well  as increasing globalization trends in the world economy that have affected the formation and  development of the analyzed corporation are analyzed.  The Samsung Group is a significant element in globalization processes. As a result of operations  carried out in various fields, the corporation has created its own business network  enabling the cooperation of particular entities within the capital group. This is the basis for the  corporation competitive advantage in the international market. By developing its operations  the Samsung Group is an example of an entity that during its 70 years of business activities has  become a conglomerate of a transnational nature owing to globalization processes resulting  from the global economy evolution.
Doskonalenie zawodowe kierowców a przedsiębiorczość
Authors: Janczewski Jerzy
Published: February 2021

The aim of the article is to discuss problems and assumed results of training of the professional drivers in Poland. It presents the participants of the training system and it describes the training process starting from a candidate for a course and finishing with acquiring the driving license of the professional driver. Additionally, it indicates a role and influence of the personnel of the transportation companies over the transportation costs. It also discusses significance of such trainings and entrepreneurship from the point of view traffic road safety and reasonable cars exploitation.
Region uczący się – uwarunkowania i determinanty rozwoju na przykładzie województwa małopolskiego
Authors: Godowska Magdalena
Published: February 2021

The aim of the article is to carry out an analysis of the Małopolska voivodeship in the light of two theoretical concepts, which both emphasize the significance of the regional determinants of the economic development in the knowledge-based economy. These concepts refer to a learning region and entrepreneurial capital. The research question formulated is whether and to what extent the Małopolska voivodeship can be characterized as a learning region focused on enhancement of the entrepreneurial capital. However, due to concentration of the regional infrastructure, institutions and companies within Krakow Metropolitan Area, the question is whether in the researched voivodeship, it is the capital of the region – Kraków that actually should be defined as a learning city.The first part of this article presents the theoretical concepts of the learning region and entrepreneurship capital. The following part contains an analysis of the Małopolska voivodeship by means of a selected set of indicators (i.e. academic potential, development of outsourcing sector and institutions promoting innovative business). The last part provides an analysis on the entrepreneurship capital of Małopolska region based on recent statistic data.
Przedsiębiorczość w szkole ponadgimnazjalnej na przykładzie II Liceum Ogólnokształcącego w Zabrzu
Authors: Sowislok Krystian
Published: February 2021

It has been ten years since the business studies subject was introduced into the Core Curriculum of post-secondary  schools in Poland. In 2005 and 2006 I was conducting research among students of the 2nd Upper Secondary School in Zabrze. The aim of this research was to learn about their views regarding the most important tasks of school resulting from the Core Curriculum of this subject; the most interesting information and skills acquired during the business studies and validity of introduction this subject into the post-secondary schools. Next, I will compare the results of these studies with the ones conducted this year among the present students of the 2nd Upper Secondary School, as well as with the opinions of this school’s graduates with whom I’m in contact through the social networking sites. Therefore it will be also possible to compare certain expectations of these young people with the reality of life outside the school environment.
Wiedza dziś – sukces jutro. Przedsiębiorczość w strategii rozwoju edukacji w Polsce.
Authors: Szypuła Iwona
Published: February 2021

The first part of this paper discusses the reasons of introducing the “Business studies” subject into the Polish education system. It refers, among other things, to Recommendations of the European Parliament and the Council in which the entrepreneurship is listed as one of eight key competencies that can be acquired during life-long learning process. The paper emphasises specific conditions related to economic changes in Poland and lack of tradition of bringing teenagers up in the spirit of entrepreneurship. The data quoted has shown how important is to increase the economic awareness of young Poles and to stimulate entrepreneurial attitudes among students from the point of view of an individual, the society and the country. The second part contains observations on methods that can be applied when teaching business studies subject during classes and extracurricular activities in post-secondary school. At last, the examples of the most interesting projects and the most important achievements of students engaged in activities of School Entrepreneurship Club in the 2nd Upper Secondary School in Nowy Sącz are presented.
Znaczenie postaw przedsiębiorczych przy wyborze kierunku studiów i planowaniu kariery zawodowej studentów ochrony środowiska oraz turystyki i rekreacji Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego w Krakowie
Authors: Haczek Alina , Kłos Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

Social and economic transformations that took place in Poland after 1989 brought, besides the obvious benefits, a number of negative consequences such as the unemployment. In order to increase own competitiveness in the demanding labour market, and referring to the progressive development of civilization associated with building the knowledge-based economy, entrepreneurial attitude of an individual person and his interpersonal skills are of paramount importance. In this approach, entrepreneurial individuals should be inclined to acquire new knowledge and have the ability to observe surroundings and recognize emerging opportunities, which could help to improve their educational and occupational qualifications. Free part-time studies at the Pedagogical University in Cracow undoubtedly offer such an opportunity. The article discusses the problematic aspects of motives for choosing a faculty of studies at the Pedagogical University, which are co-financed by the European Union under the European Social Fund and the Human Capital Operational Programme. The research, based on a questionnaire survey developed by the authors of this article, was conducted in June 2011. The research sample comprised of 33 students of the third year of tourism and recreation, and 50 students of the third year of the environmental protection. On the basis of their response, the hierarchy of motives has been made, as well as the analysis of students’ plans regarding their education and career. This article also presents an assessment of entrepreneurial attitudes of students in planning their own careers.
Instytucje ekonomii społecznej w warunkach kryzysu gospodarczego (na przykładzie podmiotów w województwie śląskim)
Authors: Sanetra-Półgrabi Sabina
Published: February 2021

W społecznościach lokalnych coraz częściej poszukuje się aktywnych i skutecznych sposobów wspierania zatrudniania osób wykluczonych. Obok instrumentów prawnych i finansowych ważne są też instytucje ekonomii społecznej. Okazuje się, że miasta, które mają tego typu instytucje, osiągają dużo lepsze wyniki gospodarcze, są atrakcyjniejsze dla inwestorów i cechują się mniejszym bezrobociem, niż miasta, które ich nie mają. Niniejszy tekst przedstawia znaczenie instytucji ekonomii społecznej w województwie śląskim. Analiza wykazała, że w regionie funkcjonuje 41 takich podmiotów, zwłaszcza spółdzielni socjalnych, towarzystw ubezpieczeń wzajemnych, fundacji rozwoju przedsiębiorczości, przedsiębiorstw społecznych, organizacji pozarządowych czy centrów aktywności społecznej. W artykule skupiono się na działalności wybranych instytucji, ukazano ich rolę w regionie, specyfikę funkcjonowania, główne osiągnięcia. Punktem wyjścia stało się zdefiniowanie podstawowych pojęć związanych w sposób bezpośredni z ekonomią społeczną, a także odniesienie się do roli tego sektora i znaczenia klimatu organizacyjnego oraz instytucjonalnego, korzystnego dla prawidłowego funkcjonowania tych podmiotów.