bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of baby touch on premature infants
Authors: Du Qiuying , Zhu Hongbin , Guo Man , Yang Qingqing , Yang Huichan , Ma Yanfei
Published: October 2024

Objective: Premature infants require special attention during nursing. This study aimed to explore the effects of baby touch on the growth, immunity, sleep and communication in premature infants.
Methods: This was a retrospective study. A total of 64 premature infants with a gestational age of 30-36 weeks were selected at Maternity & Child Care Center of Qinhuangdao from June 2022 to May 2023, and randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The control group received routine comprehensive nursing care for newborns, while the experimental group was additionally treated with touch intervention using the international standard touch method. The effects of the three months touch on the growth and development, immunological function, sleep quality, and emotional communication of the premature infants were observed.
Results: No statistically significant differences were found in gender, gestational age, birth weight, birth length, or head circumference at birth between the two groups (p> 0.05). In the third month, the increases in body weight, body length and head circumference were significantly more obvious, the immunological function indicators including CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, IgG, IgA and IgM were all significantly higher, the sleep time and sleep quality were both significantly superior, and the interaction time and intimacy with parents were significantly superior in the experimental group compared with the control group, with statistically significant differences (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: Baby touch can promote growth and development, strengthen immunological function, improve sleep quality and enhance the emotional communication abilities of premature infants, and help them better adapt to the environment and grow.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.10.9275
How to cite this: Du Q, Zhu H, Guo M, Yang Q, Yang H, Ma Y. The effect of baby touch on premature infants. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(10):2256-2260.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.10.9275
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Clinical efficacy of Azadirachta indica based herbal mouthwash in treating the hypersensitivity of teeth
Authors: Mansoor Afsheen , Mansoor Emaan , Amir Nehal , Hussain Khadim
Published: October 2024

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Azadirachta indica based Herbal mouthwash to treat tooth sensitivity in patients.
Method: This single-blinded clinical trial was performed at School of dentistry, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medial University, Islamabad from 1st February, 2023 to 30th April, 2023. In this interventional study incorporated 120 participants with clinically visible signs of erosion, abrasion or recession. Visual Analog Scoring (VAS) Tool was used to investigate tooth sensitivity in these patients. Values of VAS for tooth sensitivity was calculated by exposing teeth of these patients to cold air blasting with triple syringe attached to dental unit at psi-30.0 pressure between 23±30ºC for duration of one second without using Azadirachta indica based Herbal mouthwash. Later on, these patients were provided with this Herbal mouthwash and its usage was recommended twice a day for one month. After One month, tooth sensitivity of patients was determined by VAS again. Data was analyzed by Paired T-test at 95% confidence and significance < 0.05.
Results: VAS mean value for tooth sensitivity of patients before using Azadirachta indica based Herbal mouthwash was higher and found to be 55.43% ± 12.04 whereas its mean value after using Herbal mouthwash for one month reduced to 35.38% ± 11.62 which was statistically significant (p value=0.001). Reduction in tooth sensitivity of patients was almost 20.05% just after one month.
Conclusion: Azadirachta indica based Herbal mouthwash was potent enough to reduce the tooth sensitivity in patients after one month of its usage.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.10.9826
How to cite this: Mansoor A, Mansoor E, Amir N, Hussain K. Clinical efficacy of Azadirachta indica based herbal mouthwash in treating the hypersensitivity of teeth. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(10):2331-2335. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.10.9826
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The genome sequence of the White-marked moth, Cerastis leucographa (Denis & Schiffermüller) 1775
Authors: Boyes Douglas ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Cerastis leucographa (the White-marked moth; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 637.50 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 32 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z and W sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.4 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 12,514 protein-coding genes.
How to Choose the Best Treatment Strategy for Graves’ disease – Cooperation Between Doctor and Patient
Authors: Kula Paula , Haber Mateusz , Czachor Adrianna , Kucy Natalia , Kotula Alicja , Grelewicz Olga , Servaas Elwira , Juśkiewicz Adam , Siemiątkowski Robert
Published: October 2024

Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune thyroid disease characterized by hyperthyroidism, enlarged thyroid gland, and ophthalmopathy. It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, especially in middle-aged women. The pathological mechanism involves the production of antibodies against the TSH receptor (TRAbs), which leads to uncontrolled stimulation of the thyroid gland and excessive production of thyroid hormones.
This study examined optimal treatment strategies for Graves' disease, emphasizing the critical role of physician-patient collaboration. The paper discusses the clinical aspects of Graves' disease, focusing on the recurrent nature of the disease with periods of exacerbations and remissions. Additionally, attention is drawn to the commonly associated disease: orbitopathy, which may lead to permanent damage to the orbital tissues, eye movement disorders, deterioration of visual acuity, and even blindness.
The paper presents current therapeutic approaches, including pharmacotherapy, radioactive iodine treatment and surgical interventions. It emphasizes the importance of personalized treatment plans and the need for regular monitoring to minimize the risk of complications. This study emphasizes active patient involvement in treatment decisions to determine the most effective treatment strategy for Graves' disease, improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation, light intensity walking and a seated exercise trainer on venous return in healthy young adults: a quasi-experimental crossover study
Authors: Bluett Shannon , Jones Alfie , Pearson Kallum , Samuel Dinesh
Published: October 2024

Background/Aims

The growing prevalence of sedentary behaviour across the life course is linked to an increased risk of chronic venous disease and related mortality, warranting the need for non-invasive interventions to improve blood flow and lower extremity function. The aim of this study was to investigate the change in venous blood flow, heart rate and blood pressure after 8 minutes of using the Leeper device, Circulation Booster and light intensity walking.

Methods

A quasi-experimental crossover study involving 11 participants (eight women, three men, mean age 23.91 years, standard deviation 1.04 years) was conducted using Leeper and Circulation Booster devices and light intensity walking. During each intervention, participants exercised for 8 minutes, and blood flow was recorded at 0, 4 and 8 minutes. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded at 0 and 8 minutes. Blood flow was the primary outcome measure, and heart rate and blood pressure were secondary outcomes. Participants rested for 10 minutes between exercise. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyse the effect of intervention and time on blood flow, blood pressure and heart rate.

Results

There was no significant interaction between intervention and time on blood flow (P=0.180) indicating that blood flow did not change over time depending on intervention. There was no significant main effect of time on blood flow (P=0.206), indicating that no intervention caused a significant increase or decrease in blood flow after 8 minutes of exercise.

Conclusions

The interventions involving the Leeper and Circulation Booster devices and light intensity walking did not appear to significantly increase blood flow in young adults. Further studies involving participants from older age groups and those with pathological interventions are warranted to examine the potential effectiveness of these interventions.

Implications for practice

The findings may assist with the advice that allied health professionals provide regarding the use of seated exercise trainers and EMS devices and their ability to influence changes in blood flow.
Measuring the technical efficiency and effectiveness of small-scale farmers and their impact on rural household food security in Burundi
Authors: Niyonzima Audace , D'Haese Marijke , Heidi Megerle , Jean Ndimubandi , Nicodeme Nimenya , Serge Ngendakumana , Niragira Sanctus
Published: October 2024

Smallholder farming systems in Burundi are characterized by an integrated mix of cash and food crops. The dynamics between subsystems can influence the degree of complementarity and technical efficiency of their operations, particularly given seasonality, labor and input demand within the farming system. In this paper, we use survey data from households engaged in maize production in Ngozi province as a speculative crop given its contribution in terms of income and food security in rural households. The stochastic production frontier model was used to analyze the dependence of the difference between random effects and producers’ technical inefficiency on maximum maize production. The variables used for the production function are labor, capital and land, while the inefficiency variables are farmer age, gender of household head, household size, education level, access to credit, distance to market for maize producers, agricultural extension, cooperative membership, access to labor, use of organic fertilizer, use of selected seeds, use of mineral fertilizer. The results of the analysis give a gamma value of 0.54, leading to the conclusion that the gap between observed and optimum maize production is largely explained by the effects of maize growers' technical inefficiency. The results also show that the inefficiency variables introduced into the model contribute to improving the technical efficiency of maize farmers in the study area, with the exception of the variables distance to the market for maize farmers, access to labor, and use of mineral fertilizer. The average technical efficiency score for maize farmers in the study area is 72%, meaning that on average, maize farmers are operating at 72% of their production capacity; their technical inefficiency is 28%. They can still increase their maize production by 28% at no extra cost. Thus, we found that maize production in the study area is a highly capital-intensive rather than labor-intensive activity, as the "capital" variable is positive and significantly correlated with maize production.
A paradigm shift in international security as a consequence of the Russia-Ukraine war
Authors: Dzvinchuk Dmytro , Radczenko Ołeksandr
Published: October 2024

This article presents the main features of the historical genesis of the international security paradigm shift from its institutionalisation to the present day. It is shown that such genesis is sinusoidal in nature and related to the well-known 'Kondratiev waves', except that, unlike the latter, it is not economic in nature, but security in nature. In a historical and geopolitical context, five successive shifts in the international security paradigm (Pre-Systemic, Westphalian, Vienna, Versailles, Yalta-Potsdam, Unipolar) are distinguished as a normatively recognised system of international relations of war and peace, based on all countries' adherence to universally recognised principles and norms of international law, as enshrined in relevant international treaties.
The main factors of the end of the era of the unipolar world and the growing role of 'fragile' states in the international security environment as potential objects of international military interventions and spaces for the deployment of local conflicts and wars were characterised. It was concluded that the war in Ukraine is a key trigger for a new paradigm shift in international security and the emergence of a new system of international relations, and that the outcome of the Russian-Ukrainian war will determine the 'starting positions' and strong arguments in the hands of the United States of America and its allies against China and its allies during the inevitable new global security conference on the creation of a new world order.
Langston Hughes, London, 1938 by Eslanda Goode Robeson
Authors: Brady Emily
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Langston Hughes, Eslanda Goode Robeson, and Louise Jefferson were three African American artists and activists united by common ideals: the power of visual culture, the value of transatlantic connections, and the advocation for greater freedoms for African Americans through art. Through the detailed examination of a single photographic object, this article examines the role that photography played in cultivating interwar networks that were simultaneously intimate and global, personal and public. This photograph evidences the strong, transatlantic friendship between Hughes, Robeson, and Jefferson and demonstrates how Black women image-makers merged personal and professional space within their activism.
Misattributions in the Downstream Marcan Literature: A Forty-Year Perspective
Authors: Dougherty M. V.
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This article begins by tracing the reception history of an influential 1984 article in Marcan studies by a long-standing member of the Catholic Biblical Association. Published four decades ago, Augustine Stock’s article “Chiastic Awareness and Education in Antiquity” has enjoyed a high number of positive citations in the downstream literature in the decades that followed its publication, and the upward trend line for commending citations continues to the present. The analysis offered here is an exercise in post-publication peer review. The main argument is that the acclaim directed at Stock’s article has been misallocated. Nearly every positive reference to Stock’s 1984 study in the downstream literature should have been directed instead to the books and articles by a host of authors whose works were excerpted verbatim and near verbatim, without credit, to constitute the bulk of Stock’s celebrated article. The implication of this study is clear: there are strong reasons to think that the discipline of biblical studies has a largely undiagnosed misattribution problem. Stock’s 1984 article is not a unique case to Marcan studies or to the larger field of biblical studies. An examination of two further publications exemplifies the scale of the problem. I conclude by proposing a way forward.
Delayed healthcare seeking and associated factors for common childhood illnesses among caregivers with under-five children who visited Yem special woreda public health facilities, Southwest Ethiopia, 2023
Authors: Hunde Gamechu Atomsa , Zeben Kalkidan Fikadu , Demeke Tigist
Published: October 2024

Background

For under-five children, receiving timely and appropriate medical attention is crucial in preventing serious and fatal complications. Unfortunately, evidence shows that parents of young children frequently delay seeking care, contributing to the death of many kids before they even get to a medical facility.

Objectives

The study aimed to assess delay in healthcare seeking and associated factors for common childhood illnesses among caregivers with under-five children visiting Yem special woreda public health facilities, 2023.

Methods

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 333 caregivers of under-five children diagnosed with common childhood illnesses visiting Yem special woreda public health facilities. Systematic random sampling was employed, and data was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Delay was characterized as a long time (typically >24 hours) between disease onset and beginning of treatment. Data was entered into Epi Data version 4.7 and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.0. Binary logistic regression model was fitted. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors that influence the delayed healthcare seeking. Adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval were used to determine the associations. Statistically significant variables were identified based on a p-value < 0.05.

Results

A total of 326 caregivers participated in the study with a response rate of 98%. The proportion of delayed health care seeking was 74.5%. Caregivers “wait-and-see” approach is the primary reason for the delay followed by traditional home treatments. Child ≥ 12 months (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.11–3.57), rural residence (AOR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.35–4.28), no community health insurance (AOR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.07–3.42), traditional treatment (AOR = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.46–6.10), and initial self-medication at home (AOR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.32–5.63) and perceiving illness as mild (AOR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.28–5.42) were factors associated with delayed healthcare seeking.

Conclusion and recommendation

The study showed delay in health care seeking for common childhood illnesses among caregivers was high. Hence, reducing delays necessitates the implementation of public education campaigns, collaboration with local organizations, and the provision of counseling for caregivers regarding childhood illnesses.
A 12-week in-phase bilateral upper limb exercise protocol promoted neuroplastic and clinical changes in people with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: A registered report randomized single-case concurrent multiple baseline study
Authors: Sokratous Dimitris , Charalambous Charalambos Costa , Zamba—Papanicolaou Eleni , Michailidou Kyriaki , Konstantinou Nikos
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis manifests various motor symptoms including impairments in corticospinal tract integrity, whose symptoms can be assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Several factors, such as exercise and interlimb coordination, can influence the plastic changes in corticospinal tract. Previous work in healthy and chronic stroke survivors showed that the greatest improvement in corticospinal plasticity occurred during in-phase bilateral exercises of the upper limbs. Altered corticospinal plasticity due to bilateral lesions in the central nervous system is common after Multiple Sclerosis, yet the effect of in-phase bilateral exercise on the bilateral corticospinal plasticity in this cohort remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the effects of in-phase bilateral exercises on central motor conduction time, motor evoked potential amplitude and latency, motor threshold and clinical measures in people with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.

Methods

Five people were randomized and recruited in this single case concurrent multiple baseline design study. The intervention protocol lasted for 12 consecutive weeks (30–60 minutes /session x 3 sessions / week) and included in-phase bilateral upper limb movements, adapted to different sports activities and to functional motor training. To define the functional relation between the intervention and the results, we conducted a visual analysis. If a potential sizeable effect was observed, we subsequently performed a statistical analysis.

Results

Results demonstrated bilateral reduction of the motor threshold alongside with improvement of all clinical measures, but not in any other corticospinal plasticity measures.

Conclusion

Our preliminary findings suggest that in-phase bilateral exercise affects motor threshold in people with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Therefore, this measure could potentially serve as a proxy for detecting corticospinal plasticity in this cohort. However, future studies with larger sample sizes should validate and potentially establish the effect of in-phase bilateral exercise on the corticospinal plasticity and clinical measures in this cohort.

Trial registration

Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05367947.
New roles of Lagrange multiplier method in generalizability theory: Inference of estimating the optimal sample size for teaching ability evaluation of college teachers
Authors: Li Guangming
Published: October 2024

Background

Generalizability theory is widely used in psychological and educational measurement. Budget and cost are the problems that cannot be neglected in the measurement. When there is a budget constraint, the generalizability theory needs to consider how to design a measurement program with relatively high reliability and feasibility, which requires the optimal sample size to be estimated by some means. Lagrange multiplier method is a commonly used method for estimating the optimal sample size under budget constraints in generalizability theory. Unfortunately, to date, many formulas of estimating the optimal sample size for some more complex generalizability designs such as those with four facets or more facets have not been derived using the Lagrange multiplier method.

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to provide a detailed step-by-step derivation of the formula of estimating the optimal sample size for three typical complex generalizability designs using the Lagrange multiplier method under budget constraints in generalizability theory, which can demonstrate the new roles of the Lagrange multiplier method.

Method

This article derived the optimal sample size for teaching ability evaluation of college teachers with budget constraints in three generalizability designs such as the (s:t)×i, (s:t)× (i:v) and (s:t) × (i:v) ×o and explored their practical applications. By estimating the optimal sample size, the optimal generalizability design, which is more applicable in practice, can be compared to obtain.

Findings

(1) Using the Lagrange multiplier method, the optimal sample size for students and items under budget constraints in different generalizability design can be derived. (2) For an example, based on teaching ability evaluation of college teachers in China, these designs of (s:t) ×i, (s:t) × (i:v) and (s:t) × (i:v) ×o were used to obtain the optimal sample size, which indicates the Lagrange multiplier method can been used in practice. (3) Under budget constraints, the (s:t) × (i:v) is the optimal generalizability design. The optimal sample size of students is 17 for each teacher and the optimal sample size of items is 4 for each dimension.

Conclusion

The optimal sample size can be derived carefully using the Lagrange multiplier method under budget constraints in generalizability theory. The Lagrange multiplier method with new roles is worth recommending.
Picture perfect science communication: How public audiences respond to informational labels in cinematic-style 3D data visualization
Authors: Jensen Eric Allen , Borkiewicz Kalina , Naiman Jill P. , Levy Stuart , Carpenter Jeff
Published: October 2024

Visualizing research data can be an important science communication tool. In recent decades, 3D data visualization has emerged as a key tool for engaging public audiences. Such visualizations are often embedded in scientific documentaries screened on giant domes in planetariums or delivered through video streaming services such as Amazon Prime. 3D data visualization has been shown to be an effective way to communicate complex scientific concepts to the public. With its ability to convey information in a scientifically accurate and visually engaging way, cinematic-style 3D data visualization has the potential to benefit millions of viewers by making scientific information more understandable and interesting. Maximizing the effectiveness of 3D data visualization can benefit millions of viewers. To support a wider shift in this professional field towards more evidence-based practice in 3D data visualization to enhance science communication impact, we have conducted a survey experiment comparing audience responses to two versions of 3D data visualizations from a scientific documentary film on the theme of ‘solar superstorms’ (n = 577). This study was conducted using a single (with two levels: labeled and unlabeled), between-subjects, factorial design. It reveals key strengths and weaknesses of communicating science using 3D data visualization. It also shows the limited power of strategically deployed informational labels to affect audience perceptions of the documentary film and its content. The major difference identified between experimental and control groups was that the quality ratings of the documentary film clip were significantly higher for the ‘labeled’ version. Other outcomes showed no statistically significant differences. The limited effects of informational labels point to the idea that other aspects, such as the story structure, voiceover narration and audio-visual content, are more important determinants of outcomes. This study concludes with a discussion of how this new research evidence informs our understanding of ‘what works and why’ with cinematic-style 3D data visualizations for the public.
Optimizing classroom environments for visually impaired school children a scoping review protocol
Authors: Ahmad Najmee Nur Aresya , Mohammed Zainora , Rahman Mohd Harimi Abd , Fadzil Norliza Mohamad , Ludin Arimi Fitri Mat
Published: October 2024

Creating a universal and supportive learning environment is essential for the holistic education development of visually impaired school children. However, inadequate infrastructure, limited access to specialized tools, and a shortage of skilled teachers may contribute to lower self-confidence and academic performance. This underscores the necessity for specific guidelines and recommendations to address an optimal classroom setting that is tailored to their visual needs. In this paper, a scoping review protocol is introduced, utilizing the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley (2005), to address the following research questions: 1) Is there any established standard classroom setting for visually impaired school children? 2) What recommendations or specific guidelines exist regarding the physical measurement, layout, lighting, contrast, and appropriate position for visually impaired school children? The scoping review explored four electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus Emerald Insight, and Web of Sciences. The outcomes from the scoping review will offer conceptual elucidation, synthesize existing theoretical and empirical understandings, and propose the optimal classroom settings tailored to the visual needs of visually impaired schoolchildren. This paper introduces the a-priori study protocol, which outlines the planned methodology for conducting the scoping review in detail. This protocol has been officially registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF) at the following link: http://osf.io/z2sdt.
Evidence-based dust exposure prediction and/or control tools in occupational settings: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Kabito Gebisa Guyasa , Tefera Yonatal , Ramkissoon Chandnee , Gaskin Sharyn
Published: October 2024

Background

Workplace atmospheric exposure monitoring is the standard method to assess and control hazardous dust exposure; however, feasibility and cost constraints often limit its application. In recent decades, evidence-based tools supporting exposure modelling and control banding have been developed to aid in predicting and/or controlling occupational exposure to various contaminants. However, there is limited information on the availability and applicability of evidence-based tools for predicting and/or controlling occupational dust exposure, as well as on the methods for evaluating these tools across different exposure scenarios. Therefore, this planned scoping review aims to identify existing evidence-based tools for dust exposure predicting and/or controlling and to present evaluation approaches.

Methods

We will employ the scoping review methods developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The search will be conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, in addition to grey literature from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and advanced Google searches. Studies will be included if they report evidence-based tools for predicting and/or controlling dust exposure using quantitative or semi-quantitative designs and provide a detailed explanation of the methods used for tool development. There will be no restrictions on publication date or geographical location; however, only studies published in English will be considered. Studies focusing exclusively on dust exposure in environmental settings will be excluded. Each member of the review team will screen titles, abstracts, and full texts independently and in collaboration, based on the inclusion criteria. The extracted data will encompass details such as author, title, country, accessible platforms, method/tool names, intended users, types of dust, and occupational settings. Descriptions of the identified tools will include numerical data and narrative summaries to ensure a comprehensive overview.

Trial registration

OSF (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/S6EZJ).
Perinatal and early life risk factors of adverse early childhood developmental outcomes: Protocol for systematic review using socioecological model
Authors: Atalell Kendalem Asmare , Pereira Gavin , Duko Bereket , Nyadanu Sylvester Dodzi , Tessema Gizachew A.
Published: October 2024

Background

Adverse early childhood developmental outcomes impact later schooling and adulthood life courses. However, there needs to be more comprehensive evidence on the effect of various perinatal and early life risk exposures. Hence, we aimed to systematically identify the various perinatal and early childhood risk factors using a socioecological model to inform appropriate prevention strategies.

Method

The systematic review will adhere to the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO with a registration number of CRD42023447352. We will systematically search for articles on adverse early childhood developmental outcomes, which include physical, cognitive, language and communication and social-emotional development from main databases, such as EMBASE, Medline, Global Health, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science Core Collection, dating from 2000. We will use Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcome and Study Design (PECOS) criteria to select eligible studies for our review: 1) Population includes children in early childhood age (i.e., up to eight years) undergoing developmental assessments. 2) Exposure: various perinatal and early life risk factors. 3) Comparators: Children with no or low levels of exposure to the risk factors. 4) Outcome: adverse early childhood developmental outcome. 5) Study design: all observational studies that report the prevalence or incidence of adverse early childhood developmental outcomes and associated risk factors published since 2000. There will be no restriction based on country of origin or geographical location except language (only published in English). Textual and narrative synthesis using the socioecological model will be used to synthesise the data.
Investigation of stress in dogs during an MRI examination in response to hearing protection
Authors: Schroers Maike , Zablotski Y. , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea
Published: October 2024

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the wearing of hearing protection has a positive influence on stress levels during an MRI examination in dogs under anaesthesia. To this end, the stress hormones cortisol and arginine vasopressin (AVP) were measured in the saliva of patients wearing hearing protection during an MRI scan, as well as in the control group without hearing protection, before and after the scan. Pulse rate and noise level were also measured during the MRI. It was shown that salivary cortisol concentrations in dogs without hearing protection increased during the MRI examination, while those in the control group with hearing protection remained the same (p<0.05). The pulse range was greater in the control group without hearing protection, although not statistically significant. The maximum loudness during the MRI examination, measured at 200 cm from the gantry, was 87 dB(A). The results on the loudness during mri scan highlight that hearing protection should always be used to minimise hearing damage and possibly the stress level for dogs.
Computational role of the heat transfer phenomenon in the reactive dynamics of catalytic nanolubricant flow past a horizontal microchannel
Authors: Roja Ajjanna , Khan Umair , Venkadeshwaran K. , Madhukesh Javali Kotresh , Kumar Raman , Ishak Anuar , Hussain Syed Modassir
Published: October 2024

Abstracta

A numerical simulation is conducted to examine the impact of heat source on reactive dynamics of catalytic nanolubricant flow through a horizontal microchannel with convective boundary conditions. The ZnO–SAE50 nanolubricant is important as it reduces the wear in components such as shafts, gaskets, piston bores, and valve mechanisms, offering advantages not commonly observed with other nanofluids. Suitable dimensionless variables are employed to transform the governing equations into a set of ordinary differential equations. The proper boundary conditions are utilized to obtain the numerical results. The results are acquired utilizing Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fourth, fifth-order method, and validated with the existing solutions. Enhancing the heat source improves the thermal field, thereby boosting the thermal conductivity of the nanolubricant, facilitating improved heat absorption and transmission within the system. Homogeneous-heterogeneous intensities minimize the concentration which improves lubrication efficiency, and optimize heat transfer performance. Further, the drag force decreases with nanoparticle volume fraction and the heat transfer rate is enhanced with the increase in heat source parameter. This study is the first to investigate the ZnO–SAE50 nanolubricant flow in a horizontal microchannel with reactive catalytic reactions and heat sources. The results significantly contribute to improved heat transfer, lubrication, and efficiency across various advanced technological applications like microelectronics, automotive, small-scale heat exchangers, aerospace, and renewable energy.
Spatial coupling relationship between metamorphic core complex and gold deposits: Constraints from geophysical electromagnetics
Authors: Zhihe Xu , Bin Shi , Weiqing Fan , Weidong Li , Xuguang Wei , Guangxiang Li , Naichen Wang , Zhongjie Yang
Published: October 2024

The evolution of metamorphic core complexes is closely related to gold formation. Due to the thick cover and orebodies’ lying depth, exploration regularities, and metallogenic prediction have faced challenges. Therefore, new data were obtained through controlled-source audio magnetotelluric (MT) and broadband MT methods to predict the ore-bearing properties at depth and decipher the spatial coupling relationship, respectively. The results of broadband MT surveys allow us to identify the thick cover (apparent resistivity of 3,000 Ω m), the strongly deformed metamorphic rock (apparent resistivity of 18,000 Ω m), and two low-angle detachment faults (apparent resistivity from 5,000 to 8,000 Ω m). The fault-dip value on the left side is roughly 30°, while on the other side, the values significantly change from 30° to 75°, although they are in the same structure. Moreover, the controllable source audio MT method provides more detailed examinations of the right side fault. The proved ore-bearing gold orebodies were all located in the transition zone where the inclination angle changes from steep to gentle or gentle to steep. The discovery of this mineralization pattern allows us to evaluate the mining prospecting potential and predict the deep-seated metallogenic location. Based on the geotectonic environment and the geophysical profiles, we conclude that the coeval exhumation of the metamorphic core complex with non-symmetrical northwest-southeast shear senses may have resulted from a decratonization event during the retreat of the Paleo-Pacific Plate.
Parametric evaluation of line-of-sight (LOS) channel in LiFi networks
Authors: Subhan Muhammad , Raza Ali , Qamar Farhan , Shahzadi Romana , Shahzad Asim
Published: October 2024

Light Fidelity (LiFi) based on data transfer with visible light offers a more profound solution to the wireless communication paradigms. This study brings focus on how the line-of-sight (LOS) channel can be used to enhance the performance of a LiFi network. We discuss the LOS channel characteristics, system features, and deployment considerations with respect to evolution and prospects. Experimental modelling and conditions testing involve Q-factor, bit error rate (BER) and data rates analysis. The results presented in this study suggest that both the characteristics of channels and the data transmitted affect the efficiency of the network; higher data rates and longer distances lead to increased BER and lower Q-factor. The outcome of this study reveals key factors which influence the channel performance and provides a guideline that would be beneficial in advancing the LiFi system implementation for different applications. It is hoped that the findings of this study are useful for network engineers and researchers to design better and more flexible LiFi systems for various communication applications.
The Possibility of Object-Oriented Film Philosophy
Authors: Bolšakovas Edgaras
Published: October 2024

The debate surrounding the definition and specificity of cinema continues in contemporary film philosophy and theory. This article challenges the traditional approach of medium specificity and proposes Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) as an alternative framework for understanding cinema. Drawing on OOO’s core principles, the article argues that films, like all objects, are autonomous entities with their own reality. Their meaning is not inherent, but rather emerges through the “performative” interaction between the film object and the viewer. This interaction generates “sensual qualities” that constitute the film’s aesthetic experience. The article contends that focusing on the performativity of cinema, rather than seeking a fixed definition, offers a more productive approach to philosophizing on film. It allows for a deeper understanding of how films function as objects and the ways they generate meaning in relation to viewers.
A vezetői kompetenciák fontosságának változása a pandémia hatására. Egy magyar felmérés eredményei
Authors: Kuráth Gabriella , Kovács Balázs , Szabó-Bálint Brigitta , Poór József
Published: October 2024

A TANULMÁNY CÉLJA

A vezetői kihívások társadalmi-gazdasági életünk szinte minden területén megjelentek, ma már több kutató kezdte el vizsgálni azokat a vezetői intézkedéseket, amelyekkel a kihívásokat próbálták kezelni a vezetők, de egyelőre kevesebb figyelem esett a kompetenciák felmérésére.

A tanulmány célja annak bemutatása, hogy a vezetői kompetenciák fontossága hogyan változik a jövőben a pandémia hatására, melyek azok a kompetenciák, amelyek fontosabbá válnak, amelyekre nagyobb hangsúlyt kell majd helyezni a vezetők fejlesztése során. Az irodalomkutatás eredményei alapján két kutatási kérdést fogalmaztunk meg, egyrészt vannak-e szignifikáns különbségek a vizsgált vezetői kompetenciák között a jövőbeli fontosságuk tekintetében, másrészt azonosítható-e szignifikáns különbség a vezetői kompetenciák fontossága tekintetében a vizsgált szempontok alapján?

ALKALMAZOTT MÓDSZERTAN

Az országos online megkérdezés célja, hogy felmérjük a vezetői kompetenciákkal kapcsolatos elvárásokat. Az 500 fős minta a magyarországi lakhellyel rendelkező, 21 és 65 év közötti, felsőfokú végzettséggel rendelkező személyeket reprezentálja. A lekérdezés 2021 júliusában a NetPanel.hu CAWI-szolgáltatás által készült, az elemzéseket IBM SPSS Statistics 28.0.0.0 (190) verzióval készítettük.

LEGFONTOSABB EREDMÉNYEK

Az eredmények alapján szignifikáns különbségeket találtunk az egyes kompetenciák között a jövőbeli fontosságuk tekintetében. A digitális kompetenciák, valamint a változás- és válságmenedzsment azok a kompetenciák, amelyek felértékelődésre a leginkább számítanak a válaszadók.

Továbbá szignifikáns különbségeket a nemek alapján azonosítottunk a vezetői kompetenciák fontossága tekintetében, míg az életkor, a településtípus, a régió, a jövedelem, a munkahelyi státus és a szakmai tapasztalat szempontjai esetében nem találtunk ilyet.

A tanulmány egyike azon eddig még kevés publikációnak, amely arra fókuszál, hogy egy újfajta krízishelyzet után a vezetői kompetenciafejlesztés milyen új irányai mutatkoznak meg.

GYAKORLATI JAVASLATOK

A fenti eredmények egyrészt felhívják a figyelmet a jövőbeli vezetői kompetenciák fontosságára, másrészt befolyásoló hatással lehetnek a jövő vezetőinek képzésére is.

Az eredmények támogatják a vezetői karriertörekvéseket is, hiszen a sikeres vezetői karrier kiépítése érdekében is rendkívül fontos tisztában lenni a jövőbeli vezetői kompetenciákkal.
A vállalkozások válságállóságát erősítő turisztikai innovációs folyamatok felmérő áttekintése különös tekintettel a vezetői döntéshozatal szervezeti környezetére és tényezőire
Authors: Rázga-Ilyés Noémi
Published: October 2024

A TANULMÁNY CÉLJA
A turizmus az elmúlt negyedszázadban számos olyan, előre nem látott globális esemény formálta, amelyek hatásait a szakértők nehezen prognosztizálták, ugyanakkor a szektorban működő vállalkozások sikerét jelentősen befolyásolták. A terrortámadások, az egészségügyi válságok, a háborúba torkolló politikai konfliktusok és az azok által indukált gazdasági jelenségek – sok más ágazathoz hasonlóan – a turizmusban is középpontba helyezték az innováció mint a reziliencia egyik fő alkotóelemének szerepét. Jelen tanulmány célja azon annak feltérképezése, hogy melyek az innovációt támogató szervezeti tényezők a turizmusban, és melyek az innovációvezérelt döntéshozatal mechanizmusát befolyásoló tényezők a turisztikai vállalkozásokban.
ALKALMAZOTT MÓDSZERTAN
A szerző a kutatási kérdés megválaszolására a narratív szakirodalmi elemzést hívja segítségül, azon belül felmérő áttekintést (scoping review) végez angol nyelvű, nemzetközi folyóiratokban megjelent publikációk körében. A felmérő áttekintés célja egy terület és az ahhoz kapcsolódó főbb fogalmi keretek megismerése és feltérképezése.
LEGFONTOSABB EREDMÉNYEK
A szisztematikus szakirodalomelemzés során feltárásra kerülnek azok a döntéshozatalt formáló tényezők, amelyek a turizmusinnovációt szolgálják. A tanulmány bemutatja a turizmusinnovációt katalizáló döntési mechanizmusok területén azonosított hiátusokat. A vizsgálat eredménye, hogy az innovációra egyre nagyobb szükség van a turisztikai ágazatban, mivel az a növekedést, a versenyképességet és a fenntarthatóságot mozdítja elő. Ebben a folyamatban a vezetői döntéshozatal kiemelt szerepet játszik a szervezeteken belül. A megalapozott vezetői döntéshozatal hozzájárul a szervezet teljesítményének javulásához, amely teret nyithat az innovációs folyamatoknak a turizmusban.
GYAKORLATI JAVASLATOK
A vizsgálat célja, hogy egy felmérő áttekintést nyújtson a vezető döntéseit befolyásoló tényezőkről a turisztikai innovációs folyamatokban. A szakirodalmi áttekintés rávilágít az vezetői döntéshozatal jelentőségére a turisztikai ágazatban. Másrészről szintén rámutat arra, hogy további kutatásokra és fejlesztésekre van szükség az innováció elméletének turizmusspecifikus szélesítése érdekében. A téma további kutatási területei lehetnek az innovációs kultúra előmozdítására irányuló stratégiák és legjobb gyakorlatok feltárására a turisztikai vállalkozások esetében.
Nehéz megtalálni az igazit? Aktualitások a hazai szervezetek toborzási és employer branding tevékenységére vonatkozóan
Authors: Pózner Beáta Melinda , Kozák Anita
Published: October 2024

A TANULMÁNY CÉLJA
A vonatkozó kutatások tanulsága alapján a fiatalok más platformokon keresnek állást, az eddigi korcsoportoktól eltérő preferenciák mentén válogatnak az álláshirdetések között. Lényeges tehát annak megismerése és értékelése, hogy milyen lépéseket tesznek a hazai vállalatok a potenciális alkalmazottak toborzása és vonzása érdekében.
ALKALMAZOTT MÓDSZERTAN
A tanulmány 127 HR szakember és vezető beosztású dolgozó megkérdezésével készített primer felmérés alapján igyekszik feltárni a hazai szervezetek EB (employer branding – munkáltatói márka) és toborzási gyakorlatát. A megkérdezettek elérhetőségi alapon kerültek a mintába, az adatok SPSS statisztikai programmal kerültek kiértékelésre. A leíró statisztika módszerein túl nem-paraméteres próbák és kereszttábla-elemzés történt.
LEGFONTOSABB EREDMÉNYEK
Toborzás forrásaként az ajánlást (93%), a közösségi médiát (83,5%) és az állásportálokat (78%) jelölték meg legtöbben a megkérdezett vállalatok közül. A legeredményesebb toborzási forrásnak is az ajánlást, az állásportálokat és a közösségi média platformot tartják.
Az eredmények továbbá azt mutatják, hogy munkáltatói márkaépítéssel a mintába került cégek fele sem foglalkozik, a 250 fő alatti KKV-knál ez az arány csak 28,5%, emellett a kommunikáció módja, helye és tartalma elmarad az aktuális trendektől.
GYAKORLATI JAVASLATOK
Nemzetközi tanulmányok szerint a közösségi média a leggyakoribb munkaerő toborzási módszer, a céges karrieroldalak egyre inkább háttérbe szorulnak. Minden azt mutatja, hogy a közösségi médiára toborzási forrásként és az EB kapcsán is érdemes építeni. Mivel a fiatal Z generáció magasabbra értékeli a nem gazdasági előnyökkel kapcsolatos információkat, így tartalmilag a karriert, a szakmai fejlődési lehetőséget, valamint a munka-magánélet egyensúly támogatását (beleértve a rugalmas munkavégzés lehetőségét hely és idő tekintetében is) érdemes hangsúlyozniuk.