bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Memory, Edited
Authors: Rumsey Abby Smith
Published: June 2023

An exploration of historical memory and networks of meaning in the context of today's crises of extremism and polarization.

As authoritarianism continues to rise around the world, the stories we tell ourselves about what has happened and what is happening become ever more relevant. In Memory, Edited, Abby Smith Rumsey examines collective memory, how it binds us, and how it can be used by bad actors to manipulate us. Bringing forward the voices of a rich cast of Eastern European artists from the past two hundred years—from Fyodor Dostoevsky to Gerhard Richter—Rumsey shows how their work and lives illustrate the devastation wrought by regimes dependent on entrenched lies to survive. This hijacking of the narrative polarizes communities even as it commandeers our future.

Through an interdisciplinary lens that includes the best thinking from history, the arts, cognitive science, psychology, and political philosophy, Rumsey lays bare our narratives, showing how they are constructed and how they have changed over time. Ever-aware of resisting the false promise of utopia, Rumsey argues that only by confronting the past and reckoning with the crimes that were committed can we ever hope to heal and gain self-knowledge. Memory, Edited is an indispensable text for anyone who cares about democracy, equality, and freedom in our current age of crisis.
Sculptor and Destroyer
Authors: Mattson Mark P.
Published: June 2023

The fascinating story of glutamate, the neurotransmitter that controls the structure and function of the brain in health and neurological disorders.

Sculptor and Destroyer tells the story of a simple, little-known molecule that became a master architect and commander of the human brain: glutamate. Upward of 90 percent of the neurons in the human brain deploy glutamate as their neurotransmitter. Other neurotransmitters can only exert their effects on brain function by subtly modifying the ongoing activity of glutamatergic neurons, but during brain development glutamate controls the growth of dendrites and the formation of synapses. In this eye-opening book, Mark Mattson explains how the neurotransmitter glutamate controls the structure and function of neuronal networks in the brain, thereby mediating the brain's capabilities, including learning and memory, creativity, and imagination.

Mattson also delves deeply into the dark side of glutamate, which he calls the “destroyer” side. He shows how relatively subtle aberrancies in the activity of neurons that deploy glutamate may result in behavioral disorders ranging from autism and schizophrenia to chronic anxiety and depression. More dramatically, he describes how glutamate can excite neurons to death, a process that occurs in epilepsy and stroke and, perhaps even more insidiously, in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ALS, and Huntington's disease. Sculptor and Destroyer concludes with a perspective on how knowledge of glutamate's roles in neuroplasticity might be applied to the optimization of brain health throughout our lives.

Written inengaging, approachable prose, Sculptor and Destroyer will be of interest to anyone in the fields of neuroscience, neurology, psychiatry, and psychology, as well as to anyone with a curiosity about the human brain.
Plastics
Authors: Walker-Franklin Imari , Jambeck Jenna
Published: June 2023

A comprehensive introduction to the plastics life cycle—the impacts on our lives, our future, and our planet—and the actions we can take.

Everywhere we look, we are surrounded by plastics: perhaps you have a book in one hand and your phone—made of various metals, plastics, and glass—in the other, or you are reading this on your polyurethane mattress after having flipped on a plastic light switch. In this Essential Knowledge series volume, Imari Walker-Franklin and Jenna Jambeck provide a deep exploration of the entire life of plastic things—plastics production and use, plastic waste generation and management, the environmental and societal impacts of plastics in our environment, and, finally, the policies that can help reduce pollution caused by our heavy use of plastics.

One of the most current and comprehensive summaries on the subject, Plastics covers not only ocean and terrestrial plastic pollution but also the potential harms of microplastics on the human body. The authors also explain why we use plastic for so many products, how trash ends up in even the most remote corners of our world, and the alternatives and interventions that can help address our overreliance on this virtually imperishable material. As easily digestible to read as it is important, this book empowers its readers with the crucial knowledge and information they need to make thoughtful consumer choices, influence change, and spark inspiration.
Lifelines of Our Society
Authors: van Laak Dirk
Published: June 2023

A comprehensive history and examination of global infrastructures and the outsized role they play in our lives.

Infrastructure is essential to defining how the public functions, yet there is little public knowledge regarding why and how it became today's strongest global force over government and individual lives. Who should build and maintain infrastructures? How are they to be protected? And why are they all in such bad shape? In Lifelines of Our Society, Dirk van Laak offers broad audiences a history of global infrastructures—focused on Western societies, over the past two hundred years—that considers all their many paradoxes. He illustrates three aspects of infrastructure: their development, their influence on nation building and colonialism, and finally, how individuals internalize infrastructure and increasingly become not only its user but regulator.

Beginning with public works, infrastructure in the nineteenth century carried the hope that it would facilitate world peace. Van Laak shows how, instead, it transformed to promote consumerism's individual freedoms and our notions of work, leisure, and fulfillment. Lifelines of Our Society reveals how today's infrastructure is both a source and a reflection of concentrated power and economic growth, which takes the form of cities under permanent construction. Symbols of power, van Laak describes, come with vulnerability, and this book illustrates the dual nature of infrastructure's potential to hold nostalgia and inspire fear, to ease movement and govern ideas, and to bring independence to the nuclear family and control governments of the Global South.
Notebooks of a Wandering Monk
Authors: Ricard Matthieu
Published: June 2023

The memoirs of renowned Buddhist monk Matthieu Ricard and his extraordinary journey toward inner freedom and compassion in action.

Matthieu Ricard began his spiritual transformation at the age of twenty-one, in Darjeeling, India, when he met Tibetan teacher Kangyur Rinpoche, who deeply impressed the young man with his extraordinary quality of being. In Notebooks of a Wandering Monk, Ricardtells the simple yet extraordinary story of his journey and the remarkable men and women who inspired him along the way, including Kangyur Rinpoche, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, and the fourteenth Dalai Lama, as well as great luminaries such as Desmond Tutu, Jane Goodall, and a number of leading scientists.

Growing up, Ricard, the son of philosopher Jean-François Revel and artist Yahne Le Toumelin, regularly found himself in the company of intellectuals and artists such as Luis Buñuel, Henri Cartier-Bresson, and Igor Stravinsky. Young Ricard loved nature, classical music, and science and dreamed of unlocking the mysteries of molecular biology. But, six years after meeting Kangyur Rinpoche, Ricard gave up a promising career in genetics to pursue a meditative life in the remote Himalayas. While spending half a century in India, Bhutan, and Nepal, he visited Tibet more than twenty times and spent years publishing rare Tibetan texts and photographing his spiritual teachers and the world in which they lived.

Elegantly translated by Jesse Browner and accompanied by more than fifty full-color photographs, many of which are Ricard's own, Notebooksof a Wandering Monk charts Ricard's lifelong path to wisdom and compassion. This candid and reflective memoir will inspire all readers, wherever they may be on their own journey to a meaningful and well-lived life.
On Disinformation
Authors: McIntyre Lee
Published: June 2023

A powerful, pocket-sized citizen's guide on how to fight back against the disinformation campaigns that are imperiling American democracy, from the bestselling author of Post-Truth and How to Talk to a Science Denier.

The effort to destroy facts and make America ungovernable didn't come out of nowhere. It is the culmination of seventy years of strategic denialism. In On Disinformation, Lee McIntyre shows how the war on facts began, and how ordinary citizens can fight back against the scourge of disinformation that is now threatening the very fabric of our society. Drawing on his twenty years of experience as a scholar of science denial, McIntyre explains how autocrats wield disinformation to manipulate a populace and deny obvious realities, why the best way to combat disinformation is to disrupt its spread, and most importantly, how we can win the war on truth.

McIntyre takes readers through the history of strategic denialism to show how we arrived at this precarious political moment and identifies the creators, amplifiers, and believers of disinformation. Along the way, he also demonstrates how today's “reality denial” follows the same flawed blueprint of the “five steps of science denial” used by climate deniers and anti-vaxxers; shows how Trump has emulated disinformation tactics created by Russian and Soviet intelligence dating back to the 1920s; provides interviews with leading experts on information warfare, counterterrorism, and political extremism; and spells out the need for algorithmic transparency from Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. On Disinformation lays out ten everyday practical steps that we can take as ordinary citizens—from resisting polarization to pressuring our Congresspeople to regulate social media—as well as the important steps our government (if we elect the right leaders) must take.

Compact, easy-to-read (and then pass on to a friend), and never more urgent, On Disinformation does nothing less than empower us with the tools and knowledge needed to save our republic from autocracy before it is too late.
Racism Untaught
Authors: Mercer Lisa E. , Moses Terresa
Published: June 2023

A powerful and proven guidebook that shows organizations how to recognize racism in designed artifacts, systems, and experiences—and how to replace them with anti-racist design solutions.

Anti-racist design interventions can be difficult. Well-intentioned conversations can fuel tensions, activate racialized trauma, and lead to misunderstandings, especially in spaces not typically focused on diversity, equity, and inclusion. Even when progress is made, white supremacy culture can resurface. We need anti-racist guidelines and approaches that lay bare racialized systems of oppression and fundamentally disrupt their replication. In Racism Untaught, Lisa E. Mercer and Terresa Moses, two veteran anti-racist educators, deliver this exact approach.

Mercer and Moses provide a step-by-step guide to anti-racist interventions in academic, business, and community settings that benefits all participants. Adapted from their successful workshop series and filled with concrete examples and ample case studies, their book teaches participants how to analyze design—and reimagine racialized artifacts, systems, and experiences guided by anti-oppressive principles. They demonstrate how to examine positionality within the context of racism and oppression; help us understand how design can reinforce and perpetuate oppression; and reveal the unique relationship among equity, ethics, and responsibility that constitutes the core value of an anti-racist design discipline. In Racism Untaught, Mercer and Moses provide the framework we need to unlearn racialized design practices and move more generatively toward collective liberation.

With a foreword by renowned designer Cheryl D. Miller, Racism Untaught is a valuable tool for anyone who wants to help themselves and their organization create an actionable and inclusive plan to dismantle racial oppression and instead realize equitable, anti-racist, and liberatory design.
Hvordan påvirkes bunnfauna i en nordnorsk fjord av avgangsmasser fra en kobbergruve?
Authors: Evenset Anita , Renaud Paul E. , Trannum Hilde C. , Christensen Guttorm N. , Pedersen Kristine B.
Published: June 2023

Norge er en av få nasjoner i verden som tillater undersjøisk deponering av avgangsmasser fra gruvedrift. Tidligere tiders filosofi basert på "ute av syne, ute av sinn" er imidlertid ikke et argument som fungerer i dagens samfunn. Det har derfor vært et sterkt fokus på  kunnskapsinnhenting knyttet til hvordan slik deponering påvirker marint miljø de senere år.
Opportunistic consumption of marine pelagic, terrestrial, and chemosynthetic organic matter by macrofauna on the Arctic shelf: a stable isotope approach
Authors: Kokarev Valentin , Zalota Anna K. , Zuev Andrey , Tiunov Alexei , Kuznetsov Petr , Konovalova Olga , Rimskaya-Korsakova Nadezhda
Published: June 2023

Macrofauna can contribute substantially to the organic matter cycling on the seafloor, yet the role of terrestrial and chemosynthetic organic matter in the diets of microphagous (deposit and suspension) feeders is poorly understood. In the present study, we used stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to test the hypothesis that the terrestrial organic matter supplied with river runoff and local chemosynthetic production at methane seeps might be important organic matter sources for macrofaunal consumers on the Laptev Sea shelf. We sampled locations from three habitats with the presumed differences in organic matter supply: “Delta” with terrestrial inputs from the Lena River, “Background” on the northern part of the shelf with pelagic production as the main organic matter source, and “Seep” in the areas with detected methane seepage, where chemosynthetic production might be available. Macrobenthic communities inhabiting each of the habitats were characterized by a distinct isotopic niche, mostly in terms of δ13C values, directly reflecting differences in the origin of organic matter supply, while δ15N values mostly reflected the feeding group (surface deposit/suspension feeders, subsurface deposit feeders, and carnivores). We conclude that both terrestrial and chemosynthetic organic matter sources might be substitutes for pelagic primary production in the benthic food webs on the largely oligotrophic Laptev Sea shelf. Furthermore, species-specific differences in the isotopic niches of species belonging to the same feeding group are discussed, as well as the isotopic niches of the symbiotrophic tubeworm Oligobrachia sp. and the rissoid gastropod Frigidoalvania sp., which are exclusively associated with methane seeps.
deber estatal de fiscalización de funcionarios, contratistas y particulares: contenido y responsabilidad por incumplimiento
Authors: Arancibia Mattar Jaime
Published: June 2023

Este trabajo identifica los criterios dogmáticos para dar una solución coherente al régimen de cumplimiento y responsabilidad del deber estatal de fiscalización. Abordará la naturaleza y principales características de este deber, así como las variantes de responsabilidad por incumplimiento.
Soto, Pablo (2021) El reproche personal en el Derecho administrativo sancionador. Culpa y dolo, responsabilidad objetiva y culpa infraccional
Authors: Quezada Rodríguez Flavio
Published: June 2023

El libro del profesor Dr. Pablo Soto Delgado es un aporte sustantivo y refrescante en el Derecho administrativo chileno.También constituye un aporte útil para la disciplina en otras latitudes, tanto por la profundidad de su análisis y adecuadacontextualización, como por la rigurosa utilización de la perspectiva comparada. En breve, esta obra constituye un hitointelectual ineludible, a lo menos, para comunidad disciplinar chilena.
¿Por qué los particulares litigan en la Contraloría? La potestad dictaminante como foro de resolución de disputas
Authors: Jiménez Salas Guillermo
Published: June 2023

Este trabajo examina la potestad dictaminante de la Contraloría General de la República como un foro de resolución de disputas entre la Administración y los particulares. Se examinan cuatro características de esta potestad que permiten evaluarla como una alternativa al control judicial. Primero, se discute su especial combinación de imparcialidad y expertise. Segundo, se analizan los menores obstáculos para el acceso a tutela jurídica frente a actuación administrativa potencialmente antijurídica. Tercero, se considera el empleo de procedimientos de toma de decisión más flexibles e informales que los tribunales de justicia. Y, por último, se examina el débil carácter final de los dictámenes de la Contraloría que no son vinculantes para los tribunales de justicia.
Variaciones estacionales en el desempeño reproductivo y larvario de la concha nácar Pteria sterna asociadas con condiciones ambientales anómalas
Authors: Gómez-Robles Eliana , Acosta-Salmón Héctor , Mazón-Suástegui José M , Saucedo Pedro E
Published: June 2023

Se estudió el desempeño reproductivo y larvario de Pteria sterna en relación a factores ambientales anómalos, hipotetizando que la transición entre los eventos de La Niña y El Niño 2008-2009 afectó los periodos “normales” para recolectar reproductores maduros y cultivar larvas en laboratorio. Se realizaron muestreos estacionales en 2 periodos reproductivos (febrero y abril 2009), 1 periodo pre-reproductivo (noviembre 2008) y 1 periodo post-reproductivo (junio 2009). De las 40 ostras recolectadas en cada periodo, 20 se utilizaron para evaluar el desove y cultivo larvario y 20 para determinar indicadores de condición reproductiva. La temperatura, salinidad y contenido de seston se monitorearon en cada periodo. Los datos de temperatura superficial del mar (TSM) asociados a condiciones ambientales anómalas se obtuvieron del satélite Aqua-MODIS. Las variaciones en la TSM afectaron más el desempeño reproductivo que el desempeño larvario de Pteria sterna. La inducción al desove falló en noviembre 2008 y fue exitosa en febrero, abril y junio 2009, aunque solo en abril las larvas completaron la metamorfosis y se fijaron, a partir de reproductores más maduros, ovocitos más grandes y condiciones ambientales favorables (21.80 °C; ~31 mg·L–1 seston total; +0.50 °C TSM). Las anomalías positivas de TSM (+0.50 a +1.10 °C) de agosto a diciembre 2008 favorecieron un verano más largo que afectó el desove de febrero 2009. En junio 2009 (22.50 °C, 29.5 mg·L–1 seston total, +0.40 °C TSM), cuando los porcentajes de gónadas y ovocitos maduros eran bajos, las larvas no fueron viables y pocas semillas se fijaron. Además de recolectar reproductores maduros en invierno-primavera para una viabilidad óptima de las larvas y semillas, recomendamos incluir un breve periodo de acondicionamiento en el laboratorio después del pico de desove y un segundo a finales del otoño para promover el reciclaje de nutrientes y la recuperación natural de gametos.
Effect of Market Development Strategy on Performance of Animal Feeds Manufacturing Firms in Meru County
Authors: Mwenda Joshua Murithi , Obuba Robert
Published: June 2023

Due to its major role in the Kenyan economy, the success of the animal feed manufacturing business has broad implications for the whole agricultural sector. This study sought to assess the effect of market development strategy on performance of animal feeds manufacturing firms in Meru County. Ansoff’s product/market model underpinned the study. The study employed a descriptive survey design on a target population of 109 top management in all the twenty-three animal feeds manufacturing firms in Meru County. The study adopted a census survey and Self-administered questionnaires were used as the data collection tool. Cronbach’s alpha was utilized to measure the reliability of research instrument. The researcher considered the content validity of the research instrument by seeking the opinion of the supervisor who is an expert in strategic management and comparing with other instruments that have been used in other studies in strategic management. Both descriptive and inferential analysis was used in data analysis. The findings show that market penetration, market development, product development and diversification strategies have a positive and statistically significant relationship with the performance of agrochemical companies. This study makes several conclusion; one, market penetration is the most important predictor of performance of Animal feeds companies. The study recommends that to improve on market development strategy, it is recommended that the companies should open new branches in new geographical areas and package their products in different quantities for different clients. Finally, it is also recommended that future studies could be carried out in other counties and different industries such as banking and manufacturing for a comparison of the finding.
Thematic Approach of the Competition for Entrance to the First Year of the Secondary Level in the Cameroonian Education System
Authors: Christophe Fopoussi Tuebue Jean , Bernard Botondono Bienvevu , Henri Mbouombouo Mounben , Adeline Outekelek Sabeyam , Fabrice Ntata Tchokodjeu , Roger Djiotsa Tsafack David , Raymon Peyo Pegwo
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this thinking was to put at the service of the Cameroonian educational community an approach to the entrance examination to secondary school seen from an interdisciplinary angle. To do this, we carried out in turn a bibliographic work, data collection in the field, then data processing followed by the drafting of the final document. It appears that the Cameroonian education system is organized into two Subsystems. Regardless of the Subsystem, entry to secondary school is by competitive examination. Helping students to experience school on a daily basis is today a major challenge. The solution proposed here recommends a completely original approach, the thematic approach. It eliminates ‘autarky’ in favour of ‘synergy’ between events. The themes selected are as follows: Climate change, Fight against pandemics (case of HIV-AIDS), and Waste management. These themes relate to carefully chosen areas, in particular the climate, health, and the environment. The production of the tests to be offered to the candidates here must be based on the following requirements: Interdisciplinary approach for the solution of the situational problem, Strong implication of cultural elements in the content of the situations, Content of the situation modeled on the daily experience of the children of an age corresponding to that of the candidates, Possibility for the candidate to carry out completely original approaches, Clearly bring out the facts of everyday life which are perfectly in line with the themes, Giving the possibility to the candidates to establish plausible links between the plagues targeted for the occasion. This vision is revealed as a platform that gives the opportunity for scientific data and contextual data to travel together.
Balance and Genetic Mechanisms in the COVID-19 Process of Mutation
Authors: Valdovinos Alejandro Coutiño , Gaitan Indira Vega , Guerrero Beatriz Garnica , Vega Iracema Islas , Vázquez Josefina Reynoso , Ledezma Jesús Carlos Ruvalcaba
Published: June 2023

Introduction: SRAS-Cov-2, First found on December 2019 in Wuhan China has turned into a worldwide health care problem. The changes on genetic drift, genetic recombination, natural selection, and other mutations originated variants of medical concern because of the changes on its transmissibility, pathogenesis, or its capacity to avoid the immune system. This is mainly because of the mutations on the structural proteins as the spike protein.

Objective: Describe the COVID-19 mechanisms of mutation.

Methodology: A systematic review was carried out, the search for information was carried out in journals indexed in (Crossref, Google Scholar, SciELO, and in Journals indexed in SCIE, SSCI, ESCI) using keywords; COVID-19 genome, COVID-19 mutations, COVID-19 variants.

Results: The main mutations among COVID-19 variants are due to the Spike protein in its N501Y and D614G forms and modifying the N-terminal domain; likewise, there are mutations in the other structural proteins M, E and N and in the ORF1a and b regions. It has been shown to be multifactorial as it is influenced to mutate by environmental factors.

Conclusions: A detailed comparison was made of the main pathogenic and genetic characteristics of the variants of medical importance in the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been shown to be multifactorial as it is influenced to mutate by environmental factors. For this reason, it is important the correct execution of public health and the application of programs focused on the prevention of contagion and improvement of habits and care to avoid the evolution of the pathogenesis of the virus.
Influence of Potting Media and GA3 on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Guava (Psidium guajava) cv. Allahabad Safeda under Shade Net Condition
Authors: Garg Kaustubh , Bahadur Vijay
Published: June 2023

The results of present investigation revealed that among the different potting media treatments, M1: Vermiculite + Garden soil + Sand was found to be most beneficial for improving took days to germination, germination percentage, height of the seedling, number of leaves seedling-1, stem diameter, primary roots length (cm), number of secondary roots, fresh and dry shoots weight, fresh and dry roots weight, seed vigor index – I and II and leaf area (cm). In present investigation, application of G3: GA3 600 ppm significantly enhanced the seed germination and seedling growth viz., Days to germination (25.12), germination percentage (91.52%), height of the seedling (32.78cm), number of leaves seedling-1(18.61), stem diameter (3.53), primary roots length (7.59cm), number of secondary roots (21.68), fresh and dry shoots weight (16.71g and 6.51g), fresh and dry roots weight (1.93g and 1.31g), seed vigour index – I (3000.11) and II (699.87) and leaf area (66.33 cm2). The effect of interaction of different level of GA3 (0.00, 400, 500 and 600ppm) and different level of potting media viz., vermicuilite, garden soil, sand, FYM, cocopeat and vermincompost (1:1:1 ratio) on seed vigour index - I. The maximum seed germination, days to germination, and seedling growth, seed vigour index I & II and leaf area was found in treatment GA3 600 PPM + Vermiculite + Garden soil + Sand. The effect of interaction of GA3 and potting media was found significant for seed germination, days to germination, and seedling growth, seed vigour index I & II and leaf area of guava cv. Allahabad safeda seedling under shade net condition.
Effect of Cell Free Microbial Bio-Stimulant on Growth, Yield and the Microbial Activity of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Grown in Vertisol
Authors: Kumar Devendra , Baghel Dayashankar , Banwasi Rakesh , Singh Anup Kumar , Soni Ravindra
Published: June 2023

A field experiment was conducted to find out the effect of a cell-free microbial biostimulant on growth, yield, and the microbial activity of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown in a field during the rabi season (December–April) of 2021–22 at the Instructional Cum Research Farm, College of Agriculture, IGKV, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. Pant-3 variety of tomato was used for the experiment, which was spaced in 45×60 cm. The experiment consists of seven treatments, viz., six levels of cell-free microbial bio-stimulant (control, 0.125 L ha-1, 0.25 L ha-1, 0.50 L ha-1, 0.63 L ha-1, 1.25 L ha-1, and 2.50 L ha-1), in combination with 100% Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), and was laid out in a randomised block design (RBD) with three replications. Data regarding the height of the plant, numbers of fruits (plant-1), yield (kg ha-1), dehydrogenase, and microbial activity were observed. The experimental result revealed that the application of a cell-free microbial bio-stimulant with a combination of 100% RDF was found to have a significant impact on the microbial population and dehydrogenase activity of soil, but that plant height, fruit number, and yield were not significantly affected. According to the performance of the crop and analysis of rhizosphere soil, it can be concluded that the cell-free microbial bio-stimulant @ 2.50 L ha-1 with soil application along with 100% RDF (120:80:80 kg ha-1 N:P:K) increases the soil microbial population, i.e., bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi, and also improves the quality of the soil.
Effect of Spoilage by Lipolytic Fungi Strains on Free Fatty Acids (FFA) Formation in Fermented and Dry Cocoa Beans
Authors: Stéphanie Tapé Joëlle , Richard Houphouët Kouakou , Maï Koné Koumba , Pauline Mounjouenpou , Benjamin Guibert , Isabelle Métayer-Piro , Didier Montet , Simplice Guéhi Tagro
Published: June 2023

Aim: High free fatty acids (FFA) content of cocoa beans is high lead to alter quality of butter fraction and chocolate manufactured. During primary post-harvest processing, cocoa beans harbor lipase producing mold speciess could trigger the accumulation of FFA. This study investigated the improvement of the quality of raw cocoa material sourced from Côte d’Ivoire regarding its high FFA concentration.

Methods: Fermented and dry cocoa were sampled on-farm level in some main cocoa producing regions of Côte d'Ivoire. Contaminating mold strains were isolated using Sabouraud chloramphenicol agar incubated at 25°C for 7 days. Morphological identification of mold isolates was preformed from younger fungal culture. Biochemical study about lipolytic properties of mold isolates was carried out using Cazpeck-Dox Agar medium enriched with olive oil as carbon source and rhodamine B as indicator of lipase activity. Extraction, PCR amplification using a specific transcribed spacer primer (ITS4/ITS5) and sequencing of DNA were performed for fungal species molecular identification.

Results: Approximately 154 mold isolates belonging to 8 genera were found in tested cocoa beans. Only Rhizopus oryzae, Absidia corymbifera, Mucor heimalis, Aspergillus niger, A. tubingensis, A. aculeatus, A. flavus, A.  tamari, A. fumigatus, Nigrospora sphaerica, Curvularia geniculate and Penicillium chrysogenum species produced greater lipolytic properties. A. corymbifera, A. niger, A. fumigatus and R. orysae were the most frequent and predominant species. Cocoa beans inoculated with R. oryzae, A. corymbifera or A. niger recorded higher FFA content above 1.75%.

Conclusion: Reducing of the mold species growth during cocoa primary post-harvest processing could sustainably produce raw cocoa material with less FFA.
Treatment-Resistant Edematous Annular Plaques and Mild Leukopenia in a Man in His 60s
Authors: Raess Philipp W. , Sendowski Merav , Fett Nicole
Published: June 2023

A man in his 60s presented with a 5-year history of diffuse erythematous, edematous annular plaques, low-grade fevers, and mild leukopenia. What is your diagnosis?
Physics‐Informed Multistage Machine Learning Strategy for the Nanomachining‐Induced Plastic Deformation Behavior
Authors: Xie Baobin , Peng Shenyou , Li Jia , Fang Qihong , Liaw Peter K.
Published: June 2023

The evolution of the dislocation density induced by the nanomachining process dominates the plastic deformation behaviors of materials, thus affecting the mechanical properties significantly. However, a challenging topic related to how to establish an accurate model for predicting the dislocation density based on the limited simulations and experiments arises due to the complicated thermal–mechanical coupling mechanism during the machining process. Herein, a multistage method integrating machine learning, physics, and high‐throughput atomic simulation is proposed to investigate the effect of cutting speed on the dislocation behavior in polycrystal copper. Compared with the traditional one‐step machine learning method, the constraint of physical features effectively improves the accuracy and generalization ability of the model. The results indicate that the dislocation behaviors depend on the competition between the cutting force and temperature. In the low‐cutting speed, the predominated role of the cutting temperature leads to a rapid decline of the dislocation density. In contrast, the dislocation density tends to be stable under a high‐speed cutting process due to the dynamic balance between the effects of the cutting force and temperature. Notably, the proposed strategy provides a new and universal framework to design the machining parameters to obtain high‐quality products.
Low Energy Twist Defects in Pentatwinned Silver Nanowires
Authors: Zhao Hu , Liu Chongguang , Sampson William W. , Eggeman Alexander S. , Derby Brian
Published: June 2023

Transmission electron microscopy investigation of networks of pentatwinned silver nanowires has identified the presence of nanoscale defects within individual wires, showing narrow regions of banded contrast normal to the nanowire axis (bamboo faults). Structural analysis using machine learning decomposition of scanning precession electron diffraction data identifies these bamboo faults as a pair of twist boundaries normal to the wire axis creating low energy coincident site lattices between the faulted region and the parent nanowire. This leads to a conservation of the relative misorientation of the twinned structure within the faulted region, leading to an apparent local rotation of the nanowire. Their presence after spraying and nonthermal processing suggests that they may form during nanowire synthesis. However, examination of the networks before and after cyclic straining finds an increase in the density of the defects, indicating that they may also form as a result of mechanical deformation.
Roll‐to‐Roll Patterning of Indium‐Tin‐Oxide Electrodes Using a Low‐Cost Laser‐Marking Machine
Authors: Chakraborty Sajal , Ahn Sung Il
Published: June 2023

This study aims to explore the optimal process conditions for patterning indium‐tin‐oxide electrodes with polyethylene terephthalate films using a low‐cost laser‐marking machine equipped with an F‐theta lens. The feasibility of applying this equipment in roll‐to‐roll (R2R) processes and flexible sensors is also investigated. Moreover, the study involves analyzing the laser characteristics, precision, and focal length of the equipment, as well as adjusting the laser power and focal length to achieve the desired line width without damaging the substrate. The proposed equipment and an R2R patterning method are applied to a pressure‐leak sensor that employs a surfactant as the sensing material. The findings show that the low‐cost laser‐marking machine can be used for flexible sensor research and can support a fast, cost‐effective patterning method, making it possible to develop new sensors quickly.
The Riddle of Dark LLZO: Cobalt Diffusion in Garnet Separators of Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Scheld Walter Sebastian , Kim Kwangnam , Schwab Christian , Moy Alexandra C. , Jiang Shi‐Kai , Mann Markus , Dellen Christian , Sohn Yoo Jung , Lobe Sandra , Ihrig Martin , Danner Michael Gregory , Chang Chia‐Yu , Uhlenbruck Sven , Wachsman Eric D. , Hwang Bing Joe , Sakamoto Jeff , Wan Liwen F. , Wood Brandon C. , Finsterbusch Martin , Fattakhova-Rohlfing Dina
Published: June 2023

Solid‐state batteries (SSBs) with a Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) garnet electrolyte are attracting much attention as robust and safe alternative to conventional lithium‐ion batteries. Technical challenges in the practical implementation of garnet SSBs are related to the need for high‐temperature sintering, which often leads to undesirable chemical reactions with the cathode material. While these reactions are well understood for composite cathodes, very little is known about similar processes between cathode and separator during battery fabrication. This work focuses on understanding the processes between the composite LiCoO2‐LLZO cathode and the LLZO separator and how they affect the battery performance. The extensive diffusion of Co‐ions within LLZO, which leads to the often‐observed LLZO darkening, is shown to have a significant impact on ionic conductivity, electronic conductivity, and dendrite stability of the separator. Experimental data coupled with large‐scale molecular dynamics simulations uncover the diffusion mechanism for Co‐ions and identify secondary phases that form during these interactions. In addition to extensive Co‐ion diffusion within the grains, a non‐uniform segregation of Co‐ions at grain boundaries is found leading to the formation of three distinct Co‐containing phases. This work offers a general approach to studying the fundamental ion diffusion processes that occur during the fabrication of oxide SSBs.
Smart Skins Based on Assembled Piezoresistive Networks of Sustainable Graphene Microcapsules for High Precision Health Diagnostics
Authors: Aljarid Adel K. A. , Dong Ming , Hu Yi , Wei Cencen , Salvage Jonathan P. , Papageorgiou Dimitrios G. , Boland Conor S.
Published: June 2023

The environmental impact of plastic waste has had a profound effect on our livelihoods and there is a need for future plastic‐based epidermal electronics to trend toward more sustainable approaches. Infusing graphene into the culinary process of seaweed spherification produces core‐shell, food‐based nanocomposites with properties exhibiting a remarkably high degree of tunability. Unusually, mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical metrics all became decoupled from one another, allowing for each to be individually tuned. This leads to the formation of a general electromechanical model which presents a universal electronic blueprint for enhanced performances. Through this model, performance optimization and system miniaturization are enabled, with gauge factors (G) >108 for capsule diameters (D) ≈290 µm and produced at a record rate of >100 samples per second. When coalesced into quasi‐2D planar networks, microcapsules form the basis of discrete, recyclable electronic smart skins with areal independent sensitives for muscular, breathing, pulse, and blood pressure measurements in real‐time.
Moderate‐Affinity Affibodies Modulate the Delivery and Bioactivity of Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2
Authors: Dorogin Jonathan , Hochstatter Henry B. , Shepherd Samantha O. , Svendsen Justin E. , Benz Morrhyssey A. , Powers Andrew C. , Fear Karly M. , Townsend Jakob M. , Prell James S. , Hosseinzadeh Parisa , Hettiaratchi Marian H.
Published: June 2023

Uncontrolled bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) release can lead to off‐target bone growth and other adverse events. To tackle this challenge, yeast surface display is used to identify unique BMP‐2‐specific protein binders known as affibodies that bind to BMP‐2 with different affinities. Biolayer interferometry reveals an equilibrium dissociation constant of 10.7 nm for the interaction between BMP‐2 and high‐affinity affibody and 34.8 nm for the interaction between BMP‐2 and the low‐affinity affibody. The low‐affinity affibody‐BMP‐2 interaction also exhibits an off‐rate constant that is an order of magnitude higher. Computational modeling of affibody‐BMP‐2 binding predicts that the high‐ and low‐affinity affibodies bind to two distinct sites on BMP‐2 that function as different cell‐receptor binding sites. BMP‐2 binding to affibodies reduces expression of the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in C2C12 myoblasts. Affibody‐conjugated polyethylene glycol‐maleimide hydrogels increase uptake of BMP‐2 compared to affibody‐free hydrogels, and high‐affinity hydrogels exhibit lower BMP‐2 release into serum compared to low‐affinity hydrogels and affibody‐free hydrogels over four weeks. Loading BMP‐2 into affibody‐conjugated hydrogels prolongs ALP activity of C2C12 myoblasts compared to soluble BMP‐2. This work demonstrates that affibodies with different affinities can modulate BMP‐2 delivery and activity, creating a promising approach for controlling BMP‐2 delivery in clinical applications.
A High‐Entropy‐Oxides‐Based Memristor: Outstanding Resistive Switching Performance and Mechanisms in Atomic Structural Evolution
Authors: Tsai Jing‐Yuan , Chen Jui‐Yuan , Huang Chun‐Wei , Lo Hung‐Yang , Ke Wei‐En , Chu Ying‐Hao , Wu Wen‐Wei
Published: June 2023

The application of high‐entropy oxide (HEO) has attracted significant attention in recent years owing to their unique structural characteristics, such as excellent electrochemical properties and long‐term cycling stability. However, the application of resistive random‐access memory (RRAM) has not been extensively studied, and the switching mechanism of HEO‐based RRAM has yet to be thoroughly investigated. In this study, HEO (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni)3O4 with a spinel structure is epitaxially grown on a Nb:STO conductive substrate, and Pt metal is deposited as the top electrode. After the resistive‐switching operation, some regions of the spinel structure are transformed into a rock‐salt structure and analyzed using advanced transmission electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. From the results of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy, only specific elements would change their valence state, which results in excellent resistive‐switching properties with a high on/off ratio on the order of 105, outstanding endurance (>4550 cycles), long retention time (>104 s), and high stability, which suggests that HEO is a promising RRAM material.
Porous, Ultrathin PtAgBiTe Nanosheets for Direct Hydrazine Hydrate Fuel Cell Devices
Authors: Zhao Fengling , Nie Siyang , Wu Liang , Yuan Qiang , Wang Xun
Published: June 2023

Ultrathin 2D nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention due to their fascinating applications in sustainable and clean‐energy‐related devices, but obtaining ultrathin 2D multimetallic polycrystalline structures with large lateral dimensions remains a challenge. In this study, ultrathin 2D porous PtAgBiTe and PtBiTe polycrystalline nanosheets (PNSs) are obtained via a visible‐light‐photoinduced Bi2Te3‐nanosheet‐mediated route. The PtAgBiTe PNSs are assembled by sub‐5 nm grains with widths beyond 700 nm. Strain and ligand effects originating from the porous, curly polycrystalline structure endow the PtAgBiTe PNSs with robust hydrazine hydrate oxidation reaction activity. Theoretical research demonstrates that the modified Pt activates the N–H bonds in N2H4 during the reaction, and strong hybridization between Pt‐5d and N‐2p facilitates dehydrogenation while reducing energy consumption. The peak power densities of the PtAgBiTe PNSs in actual hydrazine‐O2/air fuel cell devices are boosted to 532.9/315.9 mW cm−2, while those of the commercial Pt/C are 394.7/157.9 mW cm−2. This work provides a strategy not only for preparing ultrathin multimetallic PNSs but also for finding promising electrocatalysts for actual hydrazine fuel cells.
3D‐Heterojunction Based on Embedded Perovskite Micro‐Sized Single Crystals for Fast Photomultiplier Photodetectors with Broad/Narrowband Dual‐Mode
Authors: Su Xiaojun , Hou Xuehua , Zhang Qinglei , Xie Zengqi , Wei Zhipeng , Liu Linlin
Published: June 2023

A fast photomultiplier photodetector with a broad/narrowband dual mode is implemented using a new 3D heterostructure based on embedded perovskite micro‐sized single crystals. Because the single‐crystal size is smaller than the electrode size, the active layer can be divided into a perovskite microcrystalline part for charge transport and a polymer‐embedded part for charge storage. This induces an additional radial interface in the 3D heterojunction structure, and allows a photogenerated built‐in electric field in the radial direction, especially when the energy levels between the perovskite and embedding polymer are similar. This type of heterojunction has a small radial capacitance that can effectively reduce carrier quenching and accelerate the carrier response. By controlling the applied bias direction, up to 300–1000% external quantum efficiency (EQE) and microsecond response can be achieved not only in the wide range of ultraviolet to visible light from 320 to 550 nm, but also in the narrow‐band response with a full width at half minimum (FWHM) of 20 nm. This shows great potential for applications in integrated multifunctional photodetectors.
Advanced Optical Imaging Based on Metasurfaces
Authors: Zou Xiujuan , Lin Ruoyu , Fu Yunlai , Gong Guangxing , Zhou Xuxi , Wang Shuming , Zhu Shining , Wang Zhenlin
Published: June 2023

Recently, metasurfaces have arisen as next‐generation optics with various merits, such as being ultrathin and lightweight with multi‐function integration. Numerous applications of metasurfaces have been demonstrated up to now, including wavefront shaping, optical imaging, hologram display, structured light generation, polarization detection, and so on. Among them, optical imaging components and techniques have been substantially promoted with the advent of metasurfaces due to their superior spatial modulation properties over electromagnetic waves. Here, the forward and reverse design approaches of metasurface and recent advances in various imaging applications based on them are reviewed. Due to the ability of arbitrary wavefront encoding, metasurfaces have been widely applied to numerous imaging applications, including diffraction‐limited imaging with aberration correction, polarization‐related imaging, high‐resolution spectral imaging, three‐dimentional (3D) imaging, and even algorithm‐assisted imaging, etc. Optical imaging applications combined with novel metasurfaces can make breakthroughs with the development of nanofabrication technologies and the improvement of computer algorithms.
Miniaturized Vertical‐Cavity Surface‐Emitting Laser Array with a Novel Electrode Design for High‐Speed, Low‐Noise, and High‐Brightness Performance
Authors: Khan Zuhaib , Wu Min-Long , Lin Cheng-Wei , Chen Cheng-Chun , Chang Chia-Jui , Lu Tien-Chang , Ledentsov Nikolay , Ledentsov Nikolay , Shi Jin-Wei
Published: June 2023

Herein, it is shown how the novel layout and arrangement of electrodes of a vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser (VCSEL) array can simultaneously improve its high‐speed data transmission performance and the brightness of the output beam. In contrast to the layout of the traditional VCSEL array with its isolated mesas and a single electrode to electrical parallel arrangement of all active elements, the new inverse design can effectively reduce the pitch size between neighboring light emission apertures thereby allowing significant downscaling of the whole active area of the array and high brightness output. Moreover, there are two separate electrodes in demonstrated compact 7 × 7 VCSEL array, one for pure dc current injection and the other for large ac signal modulation. Compared with the single electrode reference device, the demonstrated array shows heavier dampening of the electrical–optical (E–O) frequency response, a wider maximum 3‐dB E–O bandwidth (17 vs 13 GHz), and a Gaussian‐like optical far‐field pattern with a higher brightness output (65.95 vs 40.8 kW cm−2 sr−1), under the same high output power (≈145 mW). The advantages of this novel VCSEL array lead to a much better quality of 32 Gbps eye‐opening with a higher brightness output.
One‐Pot Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,3,4‐Unprotected β‐N‐Glycopyranosides from Glycals and Amines
Authors: Gao Jingyu , Li Yi , Wang Nengzhong , Li Zhiyue , Huang Nianyu , Yao Hui
Published: June 2023

A one‐pot synthesis of 2,3,4‐unprotected β‐N‐glycopyranosides from glycals and amines with exclusive β‐stereoselectivity under room temperature conditions is reported. This method was achieved via palladium‐catalyzed Tsuji‐Trost amination followed by dihydroxylation directly, tolerating anilines, heterocyclic aromatic amines, and N,O‐dimethylhydroxylamine, especially the reaction of primary amines and glycals has not been reported before. Furthermore, the protocol was applied to modify clinical drugs (prazosin, imiquimod) and construct the analogue of the natural product amphimedoside A.