bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
РОЛЬ ЛАНДШАФТОВ В КОНТЕКСТЕ СУЩЕСТВОВАНИЯ И ПРОТИВОБОРСТВА РОССИИ С ГОРСКИМИ ОБЩЕСТВАМИСЕВЕРНОГО КАВКАЗА (1801-1864)
Authors: Лазарян С.С.
Published: December 2024

Кавказские ландшафты представляли собой не только среду существования, но и природно-культурные комплексы, из которых прорастали горские этнические социумы. Характеры рельефа, климата, растительного покрова, животного мира, населения сливались в единую гармоническую целостность. Кавказские ландшафты были активными участниками общественной жизни местных горских обществ и вместе с людьми активно сопротивлялись инокультурному влиянию. В ходе Кавказской войны ландшафты были неприступными крепостями и сражались против русской армии на стороне горских народов. Покорение Кавказа для русских сопровождалось необходимостью покорять не только людей, но и местные ландшафты. Только трансформировав сакральность и смыслы горской среды обитания, российская сторона могла надеяться подчинить их своей воле.

The Caucasian landscapes were not only environment of the existence, but nature and cultural complexes, of which came mountain ethnic communities. The characters of the relief, climate, vegetable and animal kingdom, population became one harmony. The Caucasian landscapes were active participants of the mountain societies’ social life and together with people opposed to another culture influence. In the course of the Caucasian war the landscapes were like unassailable citadels against the Russian army with mountain peoples. The conquest of the Caucasus was accompanied by necessity to conquer both the population and landscapes. The Russian side could subdue them only having transformed the sacred sense of the mountain living environment. Keywords: landscape, society, social and cultural existence, Russia, mountain societies, Northern Caucasus, opposition, sacredness, transformation
«УЧИТЕЛЯ–ДУШЕГУБЫ»: ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ И АПОСТАСИЯВ ПОЗДНЕЙ РИМСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ
Authors: Ведешкин М.А.
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматривается влияние классического образования, а также преподавателей-язычников на религиозный выбор учеников риторических и философских школ поздней Римской империи. Для многих представителей языческой интеллигенции традиционные культы были неотделимы от классического культурного наследия. Прививая эти воззрения своим ученикам, учителя-язычники способствовали обращению многих получавших образование христиан к языческим культам. Данный тезис проиллюстрирован несколькими примерами подобной апостасии в IV–V вв.

The article discusses influence of classical education and pagan teachers on the religious choice of students of rhetorical and philosophical schools of the Later Roman Empire. For many representatives of the pagan intelligentsia, traditional cults were inseparable from the classical cultural heritage. Pagan teachers instilled these views in their students, which led to the conversion of many educated Christians to paganism. This thesis is illustrated by several examples of this kind of apostasy in the 4th – 5th cc.
СЕМЕЙНЫЙ ПОДРЯД СУПРУГОВ ИСТЛЕЙК
Authors: Креленко Н.С.
Published: December 2024

Статья посвящена деятельности супругов Истлейк, в 1850–1860-х гг. приобретавших в Италии произведения живописи периода Кватроченто для Лондонской национальной галереи. Чарльз Истлейк был первым директором Лондонской национальной галереи и известным художником, а Элизабет Истлейк – журналисткой и знатоком искусства. Благодаря их усилиям галерея не просто обогатилась шедеврами живописи, появилась возможность воссоздать последовательную историю становления искусства Возрождения в Италии. На этом примере проявляется характерное для середины XIX в. стремление дать научное объяснение любому явлению, видеть во всем прогресс. Собирательская деятельность супругов Истлейк способствовала пробуждению интереса общества к искусству Кватроченто, так же как творчество художников-прерафаэлитов.
Using a Soil Surfactant to Improve Kenaf Establishment under Deficit Irrigation
Authors: Zhou Shuang , McMillan Mica , Moore Kimberly , Williams Karen
Published: December 2024

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is a fiber crop that grows well in tropical climates and has numerous potential industrial and environmental benefits. However, like many crops, it may be limited by sensitivity to water stress, particularly at the seedling stage. Soil surfactants are frequently used as soil amendments to increase the volumetric water content (VWC), particularly under deficit irrigation. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the emergence and growth response of kenaf to three irrigation regimes and a one-time soil surfactant application. Kenaf seeds were planted in native Margate fine sand soil (siliceous, hyperthermic Mollic Psamnaquent) and sprayed with a nonionic surfactant at 3 quarts/acre (7.5 L/ha) (1×) and subjected to three irrigation regimes of 3.5 ounces (100 mL) of water applied every day (ED), every other day (EOD), or every 4 days (E4D). In Expt. 2, an additional surfactant treatment applied at 6 quarts/acre (15 L/ha) (2×) was included. The percent emergence, plant height, postexperiment biomass, and volumetric water content data were collected. During Expt. 1, kenaf emergence was significantly inhibited by ED irrigation with 1× when compared with E4D with 1×. In Expt. 2, seed treated with the 2× rate emerged faster and had better overall emergence under all irrigation regimes when compared with no soil surfactant. There was a trend for better kenaf emergence when less water was applied. The ED irrigation increased biomass in both experiments; however, in Expt. 2, the 2× rate doubled the biomass in the ED irrigation regime, and both 1× and 2× rates increased biomass in the EOD and E4D irrigation regimes. Soil surfactant treatment significantly increased the VWC in ED in Expt. 1 on four dates; however, in Expt. 2, both surfactant treatments increased the VWC in E4D irrigation until 35 days after planting. The results of this experiment suggest that a one-time soil surfactant treatment did not inhibit kenaf emergence under any irrigation regime. Kenaf emergence and biomass was greater and VWC was lower when a 2× rate of soil surfactant was applied to soil. In hydrophilic disturbed native sand soils, a one-time soil surfactant application increased kenaf emergence under deficit irrigation and the 2× rate of soil surfactant increased biomass under every irrigation regime. To maximize water savings, this study indicated that kenaf seed could withstand four-times less water to improve emergence. To maximize biomass, ED irrigation with a 2× soil surfactant treatment was significantly better.
WAR IN UKRAINE: THE POWER OF EUROPEAN VALUES AGAINST THE POLITICS OF VIOLENCE
Authors: Pasko Yaroslav
Published: December 2024

The article is an attempt to understand the reasons for the military and political confrontation between Ukraine and Russia in terms of value contradictions between the discourse of Kant and its Russian conservative opponent. War in this context is interpreted as an instrument of political and socio-ethical division and contradiction between the universal rational principles of the political sphere, on the one hand, and the specific metaphysical dimensions of the «offended people» on the other. The paper substantiates fundamentally incompatible models of the political choice. In Ukraine, unlike in Russia, the political sphere is perceived not only in the dimension of existential, antagonistic struggle with the enemy, but also as a sphere of agonistic: as a phenomenon of political competition, socio-cultural exchange of ideas, as a free communication space of an open public sphere, where moral-normative and functional dimensions are subject to public discussion. The author focuses attention on the important role of the Kantian theoretical heritage for the formation of a new political discourse in the post-colonial country, as well as on the incompatibility of the civil heritage of the German philosopher with the imperial political tradition. It is noted that the idea of «eternal peace» in Ukraine can not be realized without waging a «just war», which in our reality is a factor in the political and moral consolidation of Ukrainian society.
CYBER SPACE AND THE STATE: INTERSECTION POINTS
Authors: Trofymenko Volodymyr
Published: December 2024

The publication is dedicated to the state in cyberspace. An analysis is made of the main state approaches to cyberspace: classic – from the standpoint of traditional science and new – from the standpoint of interpreting cyberspace as a special sphere of regulation. There are three main prospective directions of interaction between the state and cyberspace: technical, political and economic. At the same time, attention is focused on the fact that despite existing regulatory gaps, only the state is able to carry out certain regulation of existing relations not only in the above, but also in other areas of cyberspace.
THE PHILOSOPHY OF CONSCIOUSNESS WITHOUT AN OBJECT
Authors: Khvoinytska-Pereima Khrystyna
Published: December 2024

The philosophy of consciousness without an object represents a profound inquiry into the nature of consciousness when divorced from its typical objects of thought, perception, or attention. This paper examines the theoretical underpinnings, implications, and philosophical challengesof a consciousness that does not necessarily tether itself to an object. Drawing from classical and contemporary sources, including Eastern philosophies and Western phenomenology, this study explores the conceptual and existential dimensions of such a state of consciousness, providing insights into its potential impacts on understanding self, awareness, and the nature of reality.
IMPULSES OF ORIGINAL TRADITION IN MODERN NATIONAL – PATRIOTIC EDUCATION
Authors: Berezhnyi Leonid
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the role of national-patriotic education in Ukraine in modern conditions. Attention is focused on the need to consolidate the Ukrainian nation, preserve territorial integrity and strengthen unity between different regions. The main attention is paid to the ideas of Hryhoriy Skovoroda, which occupy a key place in the formation of the Ukrainian philosophical tradition and national identity. The article examines the impact of his work on modern educational programs aimed at educating conscious and responsible citizens. It is noted that in the conditions of the war, national-patriotic education acquired a new meaning. A conclusion was made regarding the necessity of one’s own identity and history for the formation of moral convictions and active citizenship.
GLOCALISATION OF CHILDHOOD IN THE POSTMODERN MEGASOCIETY: PHILOSOPHICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS
Authors: Marchenko Olena
Published: December 2024

The article presents the author’s position on the glocalisation of childhood in the postmodern era, clarifies the essence of the process of glocalisation of childhood, substantiates the contradictions and interconnection of the processes of globalisation and glocalisation of childhood, and focuses on the issues of violation of children’s rights in the modern mega-society. The author outlines the consequences of these processes, which are due to the actualisation of the trends of globalisation of childhood, and at the same time – the glocalisation of childhood at the level of mega-society. The necessity of a correct combination of global and local research optics on the world of childhood is substantiated.
METHODOLOGICAL TOOLS FOR HUMAN RIGHTS RESEARCH: AN ATTEMPT AT JUSTIFICATION
Authors: Andrushchenko Olesia
Published: December 2024

An attempt has been made to substantiate the author’s approach to defining the optimal set of scientific methods and approaches for studying the phenomenon of human rights and related phenomena. It is argued that the application of various methods and approaches in scientific research of the complex and multidimensional phenomenon of human rights should be based on the principles of consistency and complementarity to ensure a sufficient level of objectivity and reliability of the results.
DEMOCRATIC TENDENCIES IN THE RHYTHORIC OF RIGHT- WING POPULIST PARTIES
Authors: Zaporozhets Oleksandr
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes anti-democratic tendencies in the rhetoric of right-wing populist parties in the EU, which are increasingly affecting the political spectrum. Particular attention is paid to nationalist, anti-globalization and anti-immigration views that threaten democratic institutions. The author tries to identify the reasons for the rise of right-wing populist parties in the EU and analyze their rhetoric.
Helicobacter Pylori-induced Duodenal Ulcer: An Experimental Animal Model for Scientific Research
Authors: Gupta Ayushi , Satapathy Trilochan
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

The objective of this review is to study the duodenal ulcer caused by helicobacter
pylori using experimental animal models.

Methods:

Animal models play an important role in the screening of new drugs and compounds to
establish their safety and effectiveness. Peptic ulcer (PU) is a heterogeneous multifactorial disorder
of known and unknown etiologies and may be caused by the imbalance between the mucosal defensive
forces (prostaglandin, bicarbonate, mucus) and the stomach aggressive factors {Helicobacter
pylori, hydrochloric acid (Hcl), and pepsin}. Researchers used various in-vivo animal models to
evaluate the therapeutic potential of test substances. Among these, ethanol-induced peptic ulcers,
NSAID-induced peptic ulcers, and pylorus ligation-induced peptic ulcers are frequently used. In this
review, we focused on the H. pylori-induced peptic ulcer, as we found in many published articles
that most of the peptic ulcers are due to H. pylori infection. H. pylori enters into the host's stomach
using urease to fight against the acidic environment. It colonizes the host's gastric epithelial cells
and releases effector proteins and toxins. The stomach epithelium, which is the primary interface,
secretes chemokines that trigger neutrophil activation and innate immunity and contribute to clinical
illnesses like ulcers and gastritis.

Result:

We have discussed several animal models in detail, such as the cat model, mice model,
Mongolian gerbil model, pig model, rat model, and rhesus monkey model for H. pylori-induced duodenal
ulcer and gastritis.

Conclusion:

Our efforts have been devoted to summaries and explaining the mechanism of H. pylori-
induced ulceration using different experimental animal models, which will help and prove to be
an asset for future research.
Phytochemicals in the Improvement of Cognitive Function through Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway
Authors: Singh Dhananjay Kumar , Kumari Bindu , Sinha Sonal , Fatima Kaneez
Published: December 2024

Cognition encompasses the interdisciplinary scientific study of the brain and its processes, including intelligence and behavior in living beings.
While humans are typically born with the capacity for cognitive function, certain conditions such as infection and oxidative stress can lead to
impaired cognition. Herbal drugs and phytochemicals are utilized to enhance cognitive functions and alleviate symptoms associated with impaired
cognition. Despite ongoing research, a complete cure for cognitive dysfunction remains elusive, with current treatments primarily providing
symptomatic relief. This has prompted a review of the significance of phytochemicals and their potential mechanisms for improving cognitive
functions.

For this review, a comprehensive literature search was conducted by referencing research and review articles published in reputable journals and
available on web databases. The analysis of available literature revealed the prevalence of age-related cognitive dysfunction and dementia in the
elderly. Traditional plant-based remedies are commonly used to address learning and memory deficits, but some available drugs pose the risk of
being potentially toxic alkaloidal choline esterase inhibitors. Researchers have demonstrated that many plant-based drugs act through various
mechanisms, including the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), activation of antioxidants, and enhancement of blood flow to the brain.

The investigation of medicinal plants has led to the development of various successful drugs for improving cognition. These drugs belong to
different classes of secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, polyphenolics, terpenoids, and fatty acids. Although the precise mechanism of action
of most natural/herbal drugs is still not fully understood, they have demonstrated promise in enhancing cognitive function. Herbal extracts and their
compounds are not yet fully explored.
Advancements in Plant-based Antibiotics and their Nano Formulations: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Siddiqui Tohfa , khan mohammad umar , Sharma Vikram , Gupta Komal
Published: December 2024

Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health crisis, threatening the efficacy of conventional
antibiotics and leading to increased mortality rates, prolonged hospital stays, and higher medical
costs. The World Health Organization emphasizes the urgent need for new antibiotics as multidrug-
resistant bacteria spread, rendering many treatments ineffective. This crisis drives the exploration
of alternative antibiotic sources, particularly medicinal plants known for their bioactive compounds
with potent antimicrobial properties. Unlike synthetic antibiotics, plant-derived compounds
often have multiple mechanisms of action, reducing the likelihood of resistance development and
offering a rich pool of structurally diverse molecules for optimization. However, plant extracts face
limitations like low water solubility, resulting in reduced bioavailability. Recent advancements in
nanotechnology have revolutionized drug delivery systems, offering significant benefits in formulating
and delivering antibiotics. Nanocarriers, such as lipid-based, polymeric, and metallic nanoparticles,
improve the stability, bioavailability, and controlled release of encapsulated drugs. Incorporating
plant-derived antibiotics into nanocarriers addresses issues like poor solubility, rapid degradation,
and limited targeting associated with traditional therapies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive
overview of advancements in plant-based antibiotics and their nano formulations. It explores
the extraction and isolation of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants, discusses the
mechanisms underlying their antibacterial activities, and examines various nanocarrier systems used
to enhance their efficacy. Additionally, it highlights recent research findings, addresses current challenges,
and proposes future directions for developing plant-based antibiotic nanoformulations. The
review underscores the potential of integrating phytochemicals and nanotechnology to combat antibiotic-
resistant bacteria, paving the way for innovative and effective therapeutic strategies.
Graph Convolutional Network and Attention for Traffic Prediction - A Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Bansal Nishu , Bali Rasmeet S.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Traffic prediction is a key component of the intelligent transportation
system for researchers and practitioners. It is extremely challenging because traffic flows typically
exhibit complicated patterns, complex spatio-temporal correlations, and non-linearities.

Objective:

Prediction of traffic density on the roads can help not only urban traffic management
but also support for other road services such as path planning.

Methods:

In this paper, we propose an attention-based graph convolutional network (AGCN)
model to solve the traffic prediction problem. The primary focus of AGCN is on temporal,
daily, and weekly dependencies of traffic periodicity. To efficiently capture the dynamic geographical
and temporal correlations in traffic data, an attention-based spatial-temporal mechanism
is employed. Additionally, standard convolutions are employed to extract temporal data
and graph convolutional networks are used to capture spatial patterns.

Results:

The final prediction results are generated by fusing the outputs of these components.
California Transportation Agencies Performance Measurement System (CalTrans PeMS) dataset
is used in this research to assess the performance. The proposed model has been validated
using simulations that exhibit the viability of the method and show 4% increase in the accuracy
of prediction.

Conclusion:

For improved route planning and to arrive at the destination in the least amount of
time, an efficient traffic pre- diction model is suggested. This enhances overall transportation
system efficiency and aids in traffic control.
Parasites of Gastrointestinal System
Authors: Agrawal Vivek , Swami Madhu , Jaiswal Amit Kumar , Kumar Pradeep , Singh Amit , Shakya Mukesh
Published: December 2024

Goats, being hardy and prolific in their growth, play a crucial role in cultural
and socioeconomic life of rural poor under privileged people by providing meat, milk,
wool and hide to them. Gastrointestinal parasitic infections are worldwide problem in
ruminants. They results considerable loss in them causing mortality and poor
production. Various gastrointestinal parasites like trematodes, cestodes, nematodes and
protozoa are prevalent in different climates and geographical regions depending on
rearing systems, intermediate host’s availability and management practices.
Epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites, though variable at times, is determined by
various factors like treatment, climate and poverty (socio-economic and traditional
practices). The diseases like Fasciolosis, Dicrocoelosis, Amphistomosis in trematodes,
Monieziosis, Avitellinosis in cestodes, Haemonchosis, Trichostronglylosis,
Oesophagostomosis, Trichuriosis, Strongyloidosis in nematodes and coccidiosis in
protozoa were still serious challenges in the region threatening the small ruminant
production.
Parasitic Infection of the Nervous System of Goats
Authors: Osman Fathy Ahmad
Published: December 2024

The nervous system may be the primary or secondary site of parasitic
infection; parasitic diseases may occur as opportunistic infections or arise in immunecompetent hosts. Parasitic infections cause a major economic impact on the farm goats
industry, especially the infected central nervous system, as they cause a group of
neurological diseases and constitute the biggest single and only challenge for
veterinarians. The neurological health problems caused by these parasites affect goats
as an outbreak in an endemic area or as sporadic cases in no endemic areas because of a
decrease in good management, and immunosuppression caused by different stress as
(transportation, grassing, pregnancy, and other risk factors). Parasites are a diverse
group of organisms that can be broadly classified into single-celled organisms (i.e.
protozoa) or multicellular helminthes (i.e. metazoan). Parasites can cause disease by
physical disruption of tissue as they migrate, inflammatory response, provoking an
intense, and often eosinophilia, some helminthic larvae can be very large, causing
disease because of their expanding mass. A relatively large number of parasites are
zoonotic and transmitted to humans, sometimes migrating through or lodging in tissues,
including the CNS. Some parasites regularly cause symptomatic disease, while others
cause asymptomatic diseases. Most goats through the word carry worms. However, the
extent of their effect on goats in terms of deaths, loss of productivity, and the cost of
control depends on the severity of the infestation and the species of the parasite, where
goats are less able to develop natural immunity compared with other livestock species.
Most common parasites have two stages of development: the larval stage, which may
develop on pasture or tissue of goats as intermediate host, and the adult parasitic stage,
which occurs in the intestine of goats or another definitive host.
Polymers in Controlled Drug Delivery
Authors: Kendre Prakash N. , Kayande Dhiraj R. , Pote Ajinkya P. , Jain Shirish P.
Published: December 2024

This book chapter explores the multifaceted role of polymers in the field of
controlled drug delivery, providing a comprehensive overview of the latest
advancements and applications. Polymers have emerged as pivotal components in
designing drug delivery systems due to their tunable properties, biocompatibility, and
ability to modulate drug release kinetics. The chapter delves into the various types of
polymers employed in controlled drug delivery, including natural, synthetic, and hybrid
polymers, highlighting their unique characteristics and functionalities. The discussion
encompasses the design principles behind polymer-based drug delivery systems,
elucidating how factors such as molecular weight, architecture, and composition
influence drug release profiles. Additionally, the chapter scrutinizes the diverse
strategies employed to achieve controlled drug delivery, such as micelles,
nanoparticles, and hydrogels, each offering tailored solutions for specific therapeutic
needs. Special emphasis is placed on the biodegradability and biocompatibility of
polymers, ensuring safety and efficacy in clinical applications. Through a critical
examination of recent research and case studies, this chapter provides valuable insights
for researchers, practitioners, and students in the pharmaceutical and biomaterials
fields. It serves as a comprehensive resource for understanding the pivotal role of
polymers in advancing controlled drug delivery technologies, ultimately contributing to
the evolution of more efficient and patient-friendly therapeutic interventions.
Polymeric Coatings in Medical Devices
Authors: Patil Prashant B. , Kothawade Sachin N. , Bole Sandesh S. , Raut Kunal G. , Pande Vishal V.
Published: December 2024

When assessing how well an implant integrates with the human body, the
surface of the implant is crucial. Proper coatings are helpful and frequently necessary
for the implant to be accepted and function well. Medical device coatings can lessen
discomfort and inflammation while also improving implant placement by reducing
friction within the body. It can increase biocompatibility by preventing the scarring that
surrounds devices implanted, lowering the risk of infection associated with the device,
and promoting the development of tissues that aid in the healing process. Coating a
gadget that is inserted into the body is an extremely important procedure. The coating
needs to be consistent, covering the entire surface, which is frequently made up of a
complicated structure and prevents the structure from being altered. Many technologies
have been developed recently to give medical devices a thin coating. These include
surface polymerization, which creates a film from a monomer vapor; spray coating,
which deposits a fine film; physical vapor deposition (PVD), which transfers a surface
film from a solid source; and inkjet coating, which deposits a coating by impinging tiny
droplets. The most significant methods and uses of thin coatings on medical devices are
covered in this chapter.
Epidemiological Research Design
Authors: Abubakar Saleh Jalal-Eddeen
Published: December 2024

Chapter 3 provides an in-depth exploration of the fundamental components
and methodologies involved in conducting epidemiological research. Beginning with
an introduction to the themes of the chapter, it delves into research paradigms and
study types prevalent in epidemiology. The chapter offers practical guidance on
conducting epidemiological investigations, from study design to data collection and
analysis. Moreover, it examines the statistical tools essential for rigorous
epidemiological analysis, empowering readers with the skills needed to critically
evaluate research findings and contribute to the advancement of public health
knowledge.
Epidemiology in Local Context
Authors: Abubakar Saleh Jalal-Eddeen
Published: December 2024

Chapter 9 explores the application of epidemiological principles within
specific regional and community settings. Beginning with an introduction to the themes
of the chapter, it delves into the adaptation of epidemiological methods to address the
unique challenges and characteristics of different regions. The chapter emphasizes the
importance of community engagement in epidemiological practice, highlighting
strategies for fostering collaboration and building trust within local populations.
Through compelling case studies, readers gain insights into the practical application of
epidemiological principles in addressing health disparities and promoting community
well-being at the grassroots level.
Deep Learning Techniques for Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping Optimization in Autonomous Robots
Authors: Hoang Minh Long
Published: December 2024

In the previous chapter, we explored the application of reinforcement
learning to autonomous robots, focusing on the indoor maps constructed using the
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) technique. Visual SLAM (VSLAM)
is highlighted as a cost-effective SLAM system that leverages 3D vision to execute
location and mapping functions without limitations on distance detection range.
VSLAM can also incorporate inertial measurement unit (IMU) measurements to
enhance the accuracy of the device's pose estimation, particularly in scenarios where
visual data alone is insufficient, such as during rapid movements or temporary visual
obstructions. This chapter shifts the focus to integrating deep learning (DL) with
VSLAM to boost its accuracy and performance. DL can significantly enhance VSLAM
by providing semantic understanding, object detection, and loop closure detection,
improving the system's overall situational awareness. We delve into six DL models that
are pivotal in advancing VSLAM capabilities: Convolutional Neural Networks
(CNNs), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, Neural Networks (NNs), Graph
Convolutional Networks (GCNs), Message Passing Neural Networks (MPNNs), and
Graph Isomorphism Networks (GINs). Each of these models offers unique advantages
for VSLAM. CNNs are adept at processing visual information and extracting spatial
features, while LSTMs excel in handling temporal dependencies, making them suitable
for dynamic environments. NNs provide a flexible framework for various learning
tasks, and GCNs effectively capture spatial relationships in graph-structured data.
MPNNs and GINs enhance the ability to process and analyze complex graph-based
data, improving the robot's understanding of its environment. This chapter provides a
comprehensive overview of how these DL models can be integrated with VSLAM to
achieve more robust and efficient autonomous navigation. Through detailed
explanations and practical examples, we illustrate the potential of combining DL with
VSLAM to advance the field of autonomous robotics.
Artificial Intelligence Development in Sensors and Computer Vision for Health Care and Automation Application
Authors: Hoang Minh Long
Published: December 2024

Artificial Intelligence Development in Sensors and Computer Vision for Health Care and Automation Application explores the power of artificial intelligence (AI) in advancing sensor technologies and computer vision for healthcare and automation. Covering both machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques, the book demonstrates how AI optimizes prediction, classification, and data visualization through sensors like IMU, Lidar, and Radar. Early chapters examine AI applications in object detection, self-driving vehicles, human activity recognition, and robot automation, featuring reinforcement learning and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) for autonomous systems. The book also addresses computer vision techniques in healthcare and automotive fields, including human pose estimation for rehabilitation and ML in augmented reality (AR) for automotive design. This comprehensive guide provides essential insights for researchers, engineers, and professionals in AI, robotics, and sensor technology.

Key Features:
- In-depth coverage of AI-driven sensor innovations for healthcare and automation.
- Applications of SLAM and reinforcement learning in autonomous systems.
- Use of computer vision in rehabilitation and vehicle automation.
- Techniques for managing prediction uncertainty in AI models.
Hydroxyapatite Derived from Biogenic Sources for Biomedical and Environmental Applications
Authors: Girija E. K. , Kattimani V. S. , Muthu D. , Govindan R.
Published: December 2024

Hydroxyapatite (HAp), one of the calcium phosphate minerals, has been
widely used for biomedical applications because of its similarity to bone mineral
content. Synthetic nano HAp, despite being made from chemical precursors, differs in
composition from that of natural hard tissues such as bone and teeth. The properties of
synthetic HAp solely depend on the precursors and production processes employed.
Biogenic calcium resources such as fish scales, bones of animals and fish, and shells
from land, freshwater, and marine origin can be used to synthesise HAp, which has
trace elements that mimic the constituents of bone. Also, we have emphasised that HAp
can be synthesised economically from one of the abundantly available low-cost
biowastes, namely eggshells. There are numerous biomedical uses like bone substitute
material, scaffold for bone tissue engineering, drug delivery agent, etc., and
environmental uses, notably as an adsorbent for heavy metal removal, dye degradation,
etc. This chapter will help readers understand the significance of natural resources and
methods for producing HAp from biogenic sources.
A Woman Haunted: How Graphic Biofiction Revises Mary Shelley’s Early Feminist Life
Authors: Juko Maria
Published: December 2024

Biofiction, literature inspired by the life of real people and histories, has become a popular genre. Rarely, however, have graphic biographies been considered in connection to this rapidly emerging (academic) field. To work out these connections, I want to analyse Manuela Santoni and Alessandro di Virgilio's 2021 Mary Shelley (a German translation of the original 2020 Italian text), a biofictional graphic novel about the life of Mary Shelley, while also considering other examples of the genre. I suggest that graphic novels that draw on real life people -in this case, celebrated author and one of the major influences on Gothic literature, Mary Shelley- make use of the graphic medium and create a new version of their subject. Shelley's relationship with her mother, early feminist writer Mary Wollstonecraft, is a prominent topic of reflection for artists, as well as her relationship with her troubled husband Percy Bysshe Shelley, and her most famous creation, Frankenstein's creature. Biofictional graphic novels thus controvert the biographical genre and  revision it instead as a way of reconnecting with the author in a visual way for a new audience regardless of their familiarity with Shelley's biography.
Productividad del arrastre de trocería con animales en bosques de Durango, México
Authors: Nájera-Luna Juan Abel , Rascón-Solano Joel , Aguirre-Calderón Oscar Alberto , Corral-Rivas Sacramento , Cruz-Cobos Francisco
Published: December 2024

En la actualidad, el uso de fuerza animal en operaciones forestales se considera una actividad tradicional más que una necesidad tecnológica y en algunos bosques de Durango, México, es posible encontrar áreas donde el arrastre se realiza con ayuda de animales; sin embargo, se desconoce la productividad de esta operación para considerarla una opción tecnológica rentable en la ingeniería forestal moderna. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el efecto del diámetro de las trozas y las distancias en el rendimiento del arrastre con tracción animal. Para tal efecto se cronometraron 245 ciclos de arrastre, obteniendo el volumen de las trozas por medición directa de los diámetros y la longitud, y registrando el tiempo y la distancia de arrastre; estas variables se dividieron en tres clases diamétricas y tres de distancia. El rendimiento de la operación se obtuvo relacionando el volumen de las trozas con el tiempo total de arrastre. Los resultados mostraron una productividad de 8.49 m3 h-1 a 27.94 m3 h-1 influenciada por el diámetro y la distancia de arrastre, 83% del volumen arrastrado se encontró disperso a un radio de 40 m y, en promedio, se requieren 2.13 minutos para completar un ciclo de trabajo, pero a mayor distancia se requiere el doble de tiempo de arrastre lo que hace que el rendimiento disminuya. Se recomienda realizar el arrastre a distancias no mayores a 50 m para mantener una buena productividad y disminuir el esfuerzo físico y riesgo de lesiones en los animales y operadores.
Análisis multitemporal de la deforestación de una zona de amortiguamiento en la Amazonía suroeste
Authors: Soria-Díaz Henry Francisco , Valeriano-Quispe Vladimir Deonicio , Da-Fonseca Mauro Vela , Chambi-Legoas Roger , Zevallos-Pollito Percy Amílcar , Soria-Solano Benjamín
Published: December 2024

El análisis multitemporal de la deforestación en zonas de amortiguamiento es muy importante para identificar las actividades antrópicas y estimar la tasa de cambio de la deforestación según el período analizado. En ese sentido, el objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar un análisis multitemporal de la deforestación en la zona de amortiguamiento de la reserva nacional Tambopata en el período 2013-2022, utilizando imágenes satelitales Landsat 8, 7 y Sentinel-2A. La tasa de deforestación de las actividades antrópicas se cuantificó realizando una clasificación supervisada utilizando el método del mapeo del ángulo espectral del complemento “Semi-Automatic Classification Plugin – SCP” del software QGIS. Los resultados señalan que desde el 2013 hasta el 2022 hubo una pérdida de cobertura forestal de 14 456,92 ha, donde la “minería” y la “agropecuaria” fueron las dos actividades antrópicas que más contribuyeron a la deforestación. Se concluye que es necesario tomar medidas al respecto frente al avance de la deforestación generada por las actividades antrópicas. Estos resultados ayudarán a los actores involucrados de la administración de la zona de amortiguamiento del área protegida a monitorear y mitigar el avance de la deforestación en aquellas zonas de alta presión antrópica.
Close-Up on Ambulance Service Estimation in Indonesia: Monte Carlo Simulation Study
Authors: Brice Syaribah N , Boutilier Justin J , Palmer Geraint , Harper Paul R , Knight Vincent , Tuson Mark , Gartner Daniel
Published: December 2024

Background

Emergency medical services have a pivotal role in giving timely and appropriate responses to emergency events caused by medical, natural, or human-caused disasters. To provide adequate resources for the emergency services, such as ambulances, it is necessary to understand the demand for such services. In Indonesia, estimates of demand for emergency services cannot be obtained easily due to a lack of published literature or official reports concerning the matter.

Objective

This study aimed to ascertain an estimate of the annual volume of hospital emergency visits and the corresponding demand for ambulance services in the city of Jakarta.

Methods

In this study, we addressed the problem of emergency services demand estimation when aggregated detailed data are not available or are not part of the routine data collection. We used survey data together with the local Office of National Statistics reports and sample data from hospital emergency departments to establish parameter estimation. This involved estimating 4 parameters: the population of each area per period (day and night), the annual per capita hospital emergency visits, the probability of an emergency taking place in each period, and the rate of ambulance need per area. Monte Carlo simulation and naïve methods were used to generate an estimation for the mean ambulance needs per area in Jakarta.

Results

The results estimated that the total annual ambulance need in Jakarta is between 83,000 and 241,000. Assuming the rate of ambulance usage in Jakarta at 9.3%, we estimated the total annual hospital emergency visits in Jakarta at around 0.9-2.6 million. The study also found that the estimation from using the simulation method was smaller than the average (naïve) methods (P<.001).

Conclusions

The results provide an estimation of the annual emergency services needed for the city of Jakarta. In the absence of aggregated routinely collected data on emergency medical service usage in Jakarta, our results provide insights into whether the current emergency services, such as ambulances, have been adequately provided.
Qualitative Evaluation of mHealth Implementation for Infectious Disease Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Narrative Review
Authors: Greenall-Ota Josephine , Yapa H Manisha , Fox Greg J , Negin Joel
Published: December 2024

Background

Mobile health (mHealth) interventions have the potential to improve health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) by aiding health workers to strengthen service delivery, as well as by helping patients and communities manage and prevent diseases. It is crucial to understand how best to implement mHealth within already burdened health services to maximally improve health outcomes and sustain the intervention in LMICs.

Objective

We aimed to identify key barriers to and facilitators of the implementation of mHealth interventions for infectious diseases in LMICs, drawing on a health systems analysis framework.

Methods

We followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) checklist to select qualitative or mixed methods studies reporting on determinants of already implemented infectious disease mHealth interventions in LMICs. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, the Social Sciences Citation Index, and Global Health. We extracted characteristics of the mHealth interventions and implementation experiences, then conducted an analysis of determinants using the Tailored Implementation for Chronic Diseases framework.

Results

We identified 10,494 titles for screening, among which 20 studies met our eligibility criteria. Of these, 9 studies examined mHealth smartphone apps and 11 examined SMS text messaging interventions. The interventions addressed HIV (n=7), malaria (n=4), tuberculosis (n=4), pneumonia (n=2), dengue (n=1), human papillomavirus (n=1), COVID-19 (n=1), and respiratory illnesses or childhood infectious diseases (n=2), with 2 studies addressing multiple diseases. Within these studies, 10 interventions were intended for use by health workers and the remainder targeted patients, at-risk individuals, or community members. Access to reliable technological resources, familiarity with technology, and training and support were key determinants of implementation. Additional themes included users forgetting to use the mHealth interventions and mHealth intervention designs affecting ease of use.

Conclusions

Acceptance of the intervention and the capacity of existing health care system infrastructure and resources are 2 key factors affecting the implementation of mHealth interventions. Understanding the interaction between mHealth interventions, their implementation, and health systems will improve their uptake in LMICs.
Dermatology in Student-Run Clinics in the United States: Scoping Review
Authors: Kamat Samir , Agarwal Aneesh , Lavin Leore , Verma Hannah , Martin Lily , Lipoff Jules B
Published: December 2024

Background

Student-run clinics (SRCs) for dermatology hold potential to significantly advance skin-related health equity, and a comprehensive analysis of these clinics may inform strategies for optimizing program effectiveness.

Objective

We aimed to perform a scoping review of the literature about dermatology SRCs across the United States.

Methods

We conducted systematic literature searches of Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and Scopus on March 1, 2023, and June 19, 2024. No date, language, or paper-type restrictions were included in the search strategy. A total of 229 references were uploaded to Covidence for screening by 2 independent reviewers (SK and LL), and 23 full-text documents were assessed for eligibility. After an additional 8 documents were identified through a gray literature search, a total of 31 studies were included in the final analysis. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) studies set in an SRC, which was operationally led by medical students and could render condition-relevant treatments to patients, with dermatology care; (2) published in English; (3) within the United States; (4) included characterization of any of the following: logistics, care, patients, or design; and (5) included all study or document types, including gray literature that was not peer reviewed (eg, conference abstracts, preprints, and letters to the editor). Exclusion criteria were (1) papers not published in English and (2) those with duplicated data or that were limited in scope or not generalizable. Data were extracted qualitatively using Microsoft Excel to categorize the studies by several domains, including clinic location, demographics, services offered, and barriers to care.

Results

There are at least 19 dermatology SRCs across the United States. The most common conditions encountered included atopic dermatitis; acne; fungal infections; benign nevi; psoriasis; and neoplasms, such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Key facilitators for the clinics included faculty oversight, attending physician participation for biopsy histopathology, and dedicated program coordinators. Major barriers included lack of follow-up, medication nonadherence, and patient no-shows.

Conclusions

Dermatology SRCs serve a diverse patient population, many of whom are underrepresented in traditional dermatology settings. This scoping review provides insights to help build stronger program foundations that better address community dermatologic health needs.
Beyond the Buzz: A Systematic Review of Generative AI’s Capabilities in Mental Health (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Liying , Bhanushali Tanmay , Huang Zhouran , Yang Jingyi , Badami Sukriti , Hightow-Weidman Lisa
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

The global shortage of mental health professionals, exacerbated by increasing mental health needs post-COVID-19, has driven interest in leveraging large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT to address these challenges through applications such as clinical note generation, personalized treatment planning, and therapeutic support.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review aims to evaluate the current capabilities of generative AI (genAI) models in the context of mental health applications.

METHODS

A comprehensive search across five databases yielded 1,046 references, of which eight studies met the inclusion criteria. These criteria required original research with experimental designs (e.g., Turing tests, socio-cognitive tasks, trials, or qualitative methods), a focus on genAI models, and explicit measurement of socio-cognitive abilities (e.g., empathy, emotional awareness), mental health outcomes, and user experience (e.g., perceived trust, empathy).

RESULTS

The studies, published between 2023 and 2024, primarily evaluated models like ChatGPT 3.5 and 4.0, Bard, and Claude in tasks such as psychoeducation, diagnosis, emotional awareness, and clinical interventions. Most studies employed zero-shot prompting and human evaluators to assess the AI responses, using standardized rating scales or qualitative analysis. However, these methods were often insufficient to fully capture the complexity of genAI capabilities. The reliance on single-shot evaluation techniques, limited comparisons, and task-based assessments isolated from a specific context may oversimplify genAI’s abilities and overlook the nuances of human-AI interaction, especially in areas requiring contextual reasoning or cultural sensitivity. The findings suggest that while genAI models demonstrate strengths in psychoeducation and emotional awareness, their diagnostic accuracy, cultural competence, and ability to engage users emotionally remain limited. Users frequently reported concerns about trustworthiness, accuracy, and the lack of emotional engagement.

CONCLUSIONS

Future research could use more sophisticated evaluation methods, such as few-shot and chain-of-thought prompting to fully uncover genAI’s potential. Future studies should also focus on longitudinal research, broader comparisons with human benchmarks, and exploring how AI can be better integrated into mental health care with improved socio-cognitive and ethical decision-making capabilities.