bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WHAT HAS ALEXANDRIA TO DO WITH JERUSALEM? WRITING THE HISTORY OF THE JEWS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
Authors: GOLDHILL SIMON
Published: December 2015

Histories of the Jews are a fundamental and polemical aspect of Christian and especially Protestant historiography in the nineteenth century. This article considers, in their context, the five most popular and influential multi-volume histories published in Britain, namely those of Henry Hart Milman, Heinrich Ewald, Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, Ernest Renan (the one significant – lapsed – Catholic historian in the tradition), and Emil Schürer. It shows how each of these major historians constructs an opposition between Alexandrian Judaism and Palestinian Judaism, a hierarchical opposition which denigrated Alexandrian Judaism as a betrayal or corruption of true religion because it depended on an assimilation of Jewishness and Greekness. The opposition of Greek and Jew was fundamental to nineteenth-century thought for a high intellectual tradition (most famously embodied in Matthew Arnold's categories of Hebraism and Hellenism). The Alexandrian Jews become for these historians an icon of a dangerous hybridity – despite the fact that the Septuagint, the Alexandrian Greek Bible, was the Bible of early Christianity. The article considers the different strategies adopted by these historians in response to this constructed opposition of Jerusalem and Alexandria, and its continuing implications for the historiography of the Hellenistic world.
The Great Migration in Black and White: New Evidence on the Selection and Sorting of Southern Migrants
Authors: Collins William J. , Wanamaker Marianne H.
Published: December 2015

We construct datasets of linked census records to study internal migrants' selection and destination choices during the first decades of the “Great Migration” (1910–1930). We study both whites and blacks and intra- and inter-regional migration. While there is some evidence of positive selection, the degree of selection was small and participation in migration was widespread. Differences in background, including initial location, cannot account for racial differences in destination choices. Blacks and whites were similarly responsive to pre-existing migrant stocks from their home state, but black men were more deterred by distance, attracted to manufacturing, and responsive to labor demand.
Differences in cannabis-related experiences between patients with a first episode of psychosis and controls
Authors: Bianconi F. , Bonomo M. , Marconi A. , Kolliakou A. , Stilo S. A. , Iyegbe C. , Gurillo Muñoz P. , Homayoun S. , Mondelli V. , Luzi S. , Dazzan P. , Prata D. , La Cascia C. , O'Connor J. , David A. , Morgan C. , Murray R. M. , Lynskey M. , Di Forti M.
Published: December 2015

Background

Many studies have reported that cannabis use increases the risk of a first episode of psychosis (FEP). However, only a few studies have investigated the nature of cannabis-related experiences in FEP patients, and none has examined whether these experiences are similar in FEP and general populations. The aim of this study was to explore differences in self-reported cannabis experiences between FEP and non-psychotic populations.

Method

A total of 252 subjects, who met International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 criteria for FEP, and 217 controls who reported cannabis use were selected from the Genetics and Psychosis (GAP) study. The Medical Research Council Social Schedule and the Cannabis Experience Questionnaire were used to collect sociodemographic data and cannabis use information, respectively.

Results

Both ‘bad’ and ‘enjoyable’ experiences were more commonly reported by FEP subjects than controls. Principal components factor analysis identified four components which explained 62.3% of the variance. Linear regression analysis on the whole sample showed that the type of cannabis used and beliefs about the effect of cannabis on health all contributed to determining the intensity and frequency of experiences. Linear regression analysis on FEP subjects showed that the duration of cannabis use and amount of money spent on cannabis were strongly related to the intensity and frequency of enjoyable experiences in this population.

Conclusions

These results suggest a higher sensitivity to cannabis effects among people who have suffered their first psychotic episode; this hypersensitivity results in them reporting both more ‘bad’ and ‘enjoyable’ experiences. The greater enjoyment experienced may provide an explanation of why FEP patients are more likely to use cannabis and to continue to use it despite experiencing an exacerbation of their psychotic symptoms.
American Modernism: Reimagining Martha Graham's Lost Imperial Gesture (1935)
Authors: Jones Kim
Published: December 2015

This article explores the process of reimagining Martha Graham's 1935 “lost” work, Imperial Gesture, into a complete work for performance. The solo was last performed by Graham in 1938 and constitutes the first political solo of her career. With no musical score, no notation score, and scant archival evidence, Graham dancer, régisseur, and contemporary choreographer Kim Jones pieced together the fragments left behind. Beginning in 2011, Jones assembled a team of artists in order to reimagine Imperial Gesture for the Martha Graham Dance Company. This article discusses how Jones found primary and secondary sources including thirty-two, unpublished, photographic images by Barbara Morgan; a space diagram by set designer Arch Lauterer; a poem, “Imperial Gesture for Martha Graham,” by John Malcolm Brinnin; and numerous critical reviews from the 1930s. Jones was inspired to imagine and express Graham's sense of activism and social justice within this “lost” work. The dance is a portrait of the undoing of an arrogant despot. Although mainstream critics had little to say about Imperial Gesture, arts critics for Communist and Leftist publications reviewed Imperial Gesture as an example of politically charged art that argued against fascism. The process of reimagining opens up the possibility for a deeper investigation of Graham's work as both publicly and personally political. Additionally, the creative act of reimagining her lost work adds new repertory to the Martha Graham Dance Company for a new generation of Graham dancers and new audiences. In so doing, it also opens a path for a new historiography of Graham's work and legacy.
ASSESSMENT OF MAST IN EUROPEAN PATIENT-CENTERED TELEMEDICINE PILOTS
Authors: Ekeland Anne Granstrøm , Grøttland Astrid
Published: December 2015

Objectives: Model for ASsessment of Telemedicine Applications (MAST) is a health technology assessment (HTA) inspired framework for assessing the effectiveness and contribution to quality of telemedicine applications based on rigorous, scientific data. This study reports from a study of how it was used and perceived in twenty-one pilots of the European project RENEWING HEALTH (RH). The objectives of RH were to implement large-scale, real-life test beds for the validation and subsequent evaluation of innovative patient-centered telemedicine services. The study is a contribution to the appraisal of HTA methods.

Methods: A questionnaire was administered for project leaders of the pilots. It included questions about use and usefulness of MAST for (i) preceding considerations, (ii) evaluation of outcomes within seven domains, and (iii) considerations of transferability. Free text spaces allowed for proposals of improvement. The responses covered all pilots. A quantitative summary of use and a qualitative analysis of usefulness were performed.

Results: MAST was used and considered useful for pilot evaluations. Challenges included problems to scientifically determine alternative service options and outcome within the seven domains. Proposals for improvement included process studies and adding domains of technological usability, responsible innovation, health literacy, behavior change, caregiver perspectives and motivational issues of professionals.

Conclusions: MAST was used according to its structure. Its usefulness in patient centered pilots can be improved by adding new stakeholder groups. Interdependencies between scientific rigor, resources and timeliness should be addressed. Operational options for improvements include process studies, literature reviews and sequential mini-HTAs for identification of areas for more elaborate investigations.
Infants' acceptance of phonotactically illegal word forms as object labels
Authors: VUKATANA ENA , CURTIN SUZANNE , GRAHAM SUSAN A.
Published: December 2015

We investigated 16- and 20-month-olds' flexibility in mapping phonotactically illegal words to objects. Using an associative word-learning task, infants were presented with a training phase that either highlighted or did not highlight the referential status of a novel label. Infants were then habituated to two novel objects, each paired with a phonotactically illegal Czech word. When referential cues were provided, 16-, but not 20-month-olds, formed word–object mappings. In the absence of referential cues, infants of both ages failed to map the novel words. These findings illustrate the complex interplay between infants' developing sound system and their word learning abilities.
Singular moduli and the distribution of partition ranks modulo 2
Authors: MASRI RIAD
Published: December 2015

In this paper, we prove an asymptotic formula with a power saving error term for traces of weight zero weakly holomorphic modular forms of level N along Galois orbits of Heegner points on the modular curve X0(N). We use this result to study the distribution of partition ranks modulo 2. In particular, we give an asymptotic formula with a power saving error term for the number of partitions of a positive integer n with even (respectively, odd) rank. We use these results to deduce a strong quantitative form of equidistribution of partition ranks modulo 2.
Repair techniques for anomalous aortic origins of the coronary arteries
Authors: Mavroudis Constantine , Mavroudis Constantine D. , Jacobs Jeffrey P.
Published: December 2015

Anomalous aortic origins of the coronary arteries comprise approximately one-third of all coronary artery anomalies and are characterised by coronary arteries with anomalies of aortic origin involving abnormal courses, stenoses, and compression that can lead to myocardial ischaemia and sudden death. Operative techniques to treat these anomalies have not been standardised yet. Moreover, the management of potential complications has not been addressed. Common and rare forms of anomalous aortic origins of the coronary arteries are reviewed and understood standard techniques for an uncomplicated unroofing procedure are illustrated. Also noted are techniques that can be applied to unexpected anatomical findings and unwanted complications that could prove to be life-threatening. Several technical recommendations are offered.
Higher programmatic volume in paediatric heart surgery is associated with better early outcomes
Authors: Kansy Andrzej , Ebels Tjark , Schreiber Christian , Jacobs Jeffrey P. , Tobota Zdzislaw , Maruszewski Bohdan
Published: December 2015

Objective

Previous analyses have suggested an association between centre volume and in-hospital mortality, post-operative complications, and mortality in those patients who suffer from a complication. We sought to determine the nature of this association using a multicentre cohort.

Methods

All the patients, aged 18 years or younger, undergoing heart surgery at centres participating in the European Congenital Heart Surgeons Database (2003–2013) were included. Programmes were grouped as follows: small <150; medium 150–250; large 251–349; very large >350. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the differences between groups with the adjusted in-hospital mortality, onset of any and/or major complication, and in-hospital mortality in those patients with any and/or major complication. The outcomes were adjusted for patient specific risk factors and surgical risk factors.

Results

The data set consisted of 119,345 procedures performed in 99 centres. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 4.63%; complications occurred in 23.4% of the patients. In-hospital mortality in patients with complications was 13.82%. Multivariable logistic regression showed that the risk of in-hospital death was higher in low- and medium-volume centres (p<0.001). The rate of the occurrence of any post-operative complication in small, medium, and large programmes was lower compared with very large centres (p<0.001). Low- and medium-volume centres were associated with significantly higher mortality in patients with any complication (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Our analysis showed that the risk of in-hospital mortality was lower in higher-volume centres. Although the risk of complications is higher in high-volume centres, the mortality associated with complications that occurred in these centres was lower.
Echocardiographic presentation of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery
Authors: Silverman Norman H.
Published: December 2015

In the 1970s, diagnosing anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) was often uncertain using imaging alone; however, with the advances in high-frequency transducers, advanced image processing, and other ultrasound modalities such as Doppler colour flow imaging, tissue Doppler imaging, and speckle tracking to asses regional wall motion abnormalities, modern echocardiography now permits accurate diagnosis of ALCAPA with greater certainty. Although many consider ultrasound to be the only imaging test necessary if there is a question as to the diagnosis, other imaging modalities such as MRI, CT, and cardiac catheterisation with angiography remain valuable complementary tests, especially in older patients.
“Click for Support” – Guidelines for Effective Web-Based Interventions for Young People in Selective Drug Prevention
Authors: Sarrazin Doris , Steffens Rebekka
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Objective: New technologies and modern media play an important role in the daily life and communication of young people. The objective of the EU-funded project “Click for Support” is to develop a guideline for effective web-based interventions for young people in the field of selective drug prevention, with a special focus on illicit drugs and new psychoactive substances. The target group is young drug consumers between 14 and 21 years. A second objective is to promote the application of new technologies like social networks by prevention professionals. Method: The project is divided in two main parts: The first phase includes research on web-based interventions and assessment workshops with the target group, and the second phase consists of actual guideline development, based on the previously gained results and knowledge. A Delphi study serves to determine recommendations and statements that were discussed ambiguously. Conclusion: Following completion of the first project phase we now have a large amount of information and knowledge concerning the current supply of web-based interventions in many European countries as well as important elements and aspects the offers should include – and most importantly, the preferences and needs of the target group. Based on this knowledge we plan to develop the guideline during the next project phase. We will use a Delphi study to discuss uncertain aspects together with a panel of experts in two rounds. The final guideline will be available in July 2015 and will be translated into ten different languages.
Physical nanoscale conduit-mediated communication between tumour cells and the endothelium modulates endothelial phenotype
Authors: Connor Yamicia , Tekleab Sarah , Nandakumar Shyama , Walls Cherelle , Tekleab Yonatan , Husain Amjad , Gadish Or , Sabbisetti Venkata , Kaushik Shelly , Sehrawat Seema , Kulkarni Ashish , Dvorak Harold , Zetter Bruce , R. Edelman Elazer , Sengupta Shiladitya
Published: December 2015

Metastasis is a major cause of mortality and remains a hurdle in the search for a cure for cancer. Not much is known about metastatic cancer cells and endothelial cross-talk, which occurs at multiple stages during metastasis. Here we report a dynamic regulation of the endothelium by cancer cells through the formation of nanoscale intercellular membrane bridges, which act as physical conduits for transfer of microRNAs. The communication between the tumour cell and the endothelium upregulates markers associated with pathological endothelium, which is reversed by pharmacological inhibition of these nanoscale conduits. These results lead us to define the notion of ‘metastatic hijack’: cancer cell-induced transformation of healthy endothelium into pathological endothelium via horizontal communication through the nanoscale conduits. Pharmacological perturbation of these nanoscale membrane bridges decreases metastatic foci in vivo. Targeting these nanoscale membrane bridges may potentially emerge as a new therapeutic opportunity in the management of metastatic cancer.
Robust High-performance Dye-sensitized Solar Cells Based on Ionic Liquid-sulfolane Composite Electrolytes
Authors: Lau Genevieve P. S. , Décoppet Jean-David , Moehl Thomas , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Grätzel Michael , Dyson Paul J.
Published: December 2015

Novel ionic liquid-sulfolane composite electrolytes based on the 1,2,3-triazolium family of ionic liquids were developed for dye-sensitized solar cells. The best performing device exhibited a short-circuit current density of 13.4 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage of 713 mV and a fill factor of 0.65, corresponding to an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.3%. In addition, these devices are highly stable, retaining more than 95% of the initial device PCE after 1000 hours of light- and heat-stress. These composite electrolytes show great promise for industrial application as they allow for a 14.5% improvement in PCE, compared to the solvent-free eutectic ionic liquid electrolyte system, without compromising device stability.
Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Induced Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition is blocked by a chemical antagonist of translation factor eIF4E
Authors: Smith K. A. , Zhou B. , Avdulov S. , Benyumov A. , Peterson M. , Liu Y. , Okon A. , Hergert P. , Braziunas J. , Wagner C. R. , Borok Z. , Bitterman P. B.
Published: December 2015

The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) imparts disease-defining properties to epithelial cells in cancer and organ fibrosis. Prior studies identify EMT control points at the level of transcription and translation and indicate that activation of translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is involved in the mechanisms coordinating these two levels of control. Here we show that 4Ei-1, a specific chemical antagonist of the eIF4E-mRNA cap interaction, potently inhibits transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) mediated EMT in lung epithelial cells. Upon treatment with TGF-β1, we observed a rapid recruitment of Snail1 mRNA into the actively translated polysome pool accompanied by accumulation of the EMT transcription factor Snail1 in the nucleus. 4Ei-1 blocks ribosome recruitment to the Snail1 transcript thereby preventing accumulation of the Snail1 protein in the nucleus. Our findings establish an obligatory role for upstream translational control of downstream Snail1-mediated transcriptional events in TGF-β1 induced EMT and provide proof of concept for efforts to pharmacologically modulate the eIF4E-cap interaction as a means to inhibit pathological EMT in the setting of cancer and organ fibrosis.
Asymmetric light reflectance from metal nanoparticle arrays on dielectric surfaces
Authors: Huang K. , Pan W. , Zhu J. F. , Li J. C. , Gao N. , Liu C. , Ji L. , Yu E. T. , Kang J.Y.
Published: December 2015

Asymmetric light reflectance associated with localized surface plasmons excited in metal nanoparticles on a quartz substrate is observed and analyzed. This phenomenon is explained by the superposition of two waves, the wave reflected by the air/quartz interface and that reflected by the metal nanoparticles and the resulting interference effects. Far field behavior investigation suggests that zero reflection can be achieved by optimizing the density of metal nanoparticles. Near field behavior investigation suggests that the coupling efficiency of localized surface plasmon can be additionally enhanced by separating the metal NPs from substrates using a thin film with refractive index smaller than the substrate. The latter behavior is confirmed via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy studies using metal nanoparticles on Si/SiO2 substrates.
BODIPY-Based Fluorescent Probes for Sensing Protein Surface-Hydrophobicity
Authors: Dorh Nethaniah , Zhu Shilei , Dhungana Kamal B. , Pati Ranjit , Luo Fen-Tair , Liu Haiying , Tiwari Ashutosh
Published: December 2015

Mapping surface hydrophobic interactions in proteins is key to understanding molecular recognition, biological functions and is central to many protein misfolding diseases. Herein, we report synthesis and application of new BODIPY-based hydrophobic sensors (HPsensors) that are stable and highly fluorescent for pH values ranging from 7.0 to 9.0. Surface hydrophobic measurements of proteins (BSA, apomyoglobin and myoglobin) by these HPsensors display much stronger signal compared to 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS), a commonly used hydrophobic probe; HPsensors show a 10- to 60-fold increase in signal strength for the BSA protein with affinity in the nanomolar range. This suggests that these HPsensors can be used as a sensitive indicator of protein surface hydrophobicity. A first principle approach is used to identify the molecular level mechanism for the substantial increase in the fluorescence signal strength. Our results show that conformational change and increased molecular rigidity of the dye due to its hydrophobic interaction with protein lead to fluorescence enhancement.
Examining the Effects of Stiffness and Mass Difference on the Thermal Interface Conductance Between Lennard-Jones Solids
Authors: Gordiz Kiarash , Henry Asegun
Published: December 2015

To date, the established methods that describe thermal interface conductance (TIC) and include mode-level dependence have not included anharmonicity. The current intuition is therefore based on the behavior in the harmonic limit, whereby the extent of overlap in the bulk phonon density of states (DoS) (e.g., frequency overlap) dictates the TIC and more frequency overlap leads to higher TIC. Here, we study over 2,000 interfaces described by the Lennard-Jones potential using equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, whereby we systematically change the mass and stiffness of each side. We show that the trends in TIC do not generally follow that of the bulk phonon DoS overlap, but instead more closely follow the vibrational power spectrum overlap for the interfacial atoms. We then identify the frequency overlap in the interfacial power spectra as an improved descriptor for understanding the qualitative trends in TIC. Although improved, the results show that the basic intuition of frequency overlap is still insufficient to explain all of the features, as the remaining variations are shown to arise from anharmonicity, which is a critical effect to include in interface calculations above cryogenic temperatures.
A white spot syndrome virus microRNA promotes the virus infection by targeting the host STAT
Authors: Ren Qian , Huang Ying , He Yaodong , Wang Wen , Zhang Xiaobo
Published: December 2015

JAK/STAT pathway plays an important role in invertebrates during virus infection. However the microRNA (miRNA)-mediated regulation of JAK/STAT is not intensively investigated. Viral miRNAs, encoded by virus genome, have emerged as important regulators in the virus-host interactions. In this study, a WSSV (white spot syndrome virus)-encoded miRNA (WSSV-miR-22) was characterized in shrimp during virus infection. The results showed that the viral miRNA could promote WSSV infection in shrimp by targeting the host STAT gene. When the expression of JAK or STAT was knocked down by sequence-specific siRNA, the WSSV copies in shrimp were significantly increased, indicating that the JAK/STAT played positive roles in the antiviral immunity of shrimp. The further findings revealed that TEP1 and TEP2 were the effectors of JAK-STAT signaling pathway. The silencing of TEP1 or TEP2 led to an increase of WSSV copies in shrimp, showing TEP1 and TEP2 were involved in the shrimp immune response against virus infection. Therefore our study presented a novel viral miRNA-mediated JAK/STAT-TEP1/TEP2 signaling pathway in virus infection.
Monitor unit optimization in stereotactic body radiotherapy for small peripheral non-small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Huang Bao-Tian , Lin Zhu , Lin Pei-Xian , Lu Jia-Yang , Chen Chuang-Zhen
Published: December 2015

The increasingly attractive stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) treatment for stage I lung cancer is concomitant with a large amount of monitor units (MU), leading to excessive out-of-field dose and prolonged beam-on time. The study aims to reduce the MU number and shorten the beam-on time by optimizing the planning parameters. Clinically acceptable treatment plans from fourteen patients suffered from peripheral stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were created in the study. Priority for the upper objective of the target (PUOT), strength and Max MU setting in the MU objective function (MUOF) were adjusted respectively to investigate their effect on MU number, organs at risk (OARs) sparing and beam-on time. We found that the planning parameters influenced the MU number in a PUOT, strength and Max MU dependent manner. Combined with high priority for the UOT (HPUOT) and MUOF, the MU number was reduced from 443 ± 25 to 228 ± 22 MU/Gy without compromising the target coverage and OARs sparing. We also found beam-on time was proportional to MU number and it could be shortened from 7.9 ± 0.5 to 4.1 ± 0.4 minutes.
The effect of magnetic field on chiral transmission in p-n-p graphene junctions
Authors: Li Yuan , Wan Qi , Peng Yingzi , Wang Guanqing , Qian Zhenghong , Zhou Guanghui , Jalil Mansoor B. A.
Published: December 2015

We investigate Klein tunneling in graphene heterojunctions under the influence of a perpendicular magnetic field via the non-equilibrium Green’s function method. We find that the angular dependence of electron transmission is deflected sideways, resulting in the suppression of normally incident electrons and overall decrease in conductance. The off-normal symmetry axis of the transmission profile was analytically derived. Overall tunneling conductance decreases to almost zero regardless of the potential barrier height "Equation missing" when the magnetic field (B-field) exceeds a critical value, thus achieving effective confinement of Dirac fermions. The critical field occurs when the width of the magnetic field region matches the diameter of the cyclotron orbit. The potential barrier also induces distinct Fabry-Pérot fringe patterns, with a “constriction region” of low transmission when "Equation missing" is close to the Fermi energy. Application of B-field deflects the Fabry-Pérot interference pattern to an off-normal angle. Thus, the conductance of the graphene heterojunctions can be sharply modulated by adjusting the B-field strength and the potential barrier height relative to the Fermi energy.
Gas-generated thermal oxidation of a coordination cluster for an anion-doped mesoporous metal oxide
Authors: Hirai Kenji , Isobe Shigehito , Sada Kazuki
Published: December 2015

Central in material design of metal oxides is the increase of surface area and control of intrinsic electronic and optical properties, because of potential applications for energy storage, photocatalysis and photovoltaics. Here, we disclose a facile method, inspired by geochemical process, which gives rise to mesoporous anion-doped metal oxides. As a model system, we demonstrate that simple calcination of a multinuclear coordination cluster results in synchronic chemical reactions: thermal oxidation of Ti8O10(4-aminobenzoate)12 and generation of gases including amino-group fragments. The gas generation during the thermal oxidation of Ti8O10(4-aminobenzoate)12 creates mesoporosity in TiO2. Concurrently, nitrogen atoms contained in the gases are doped into TiO2, thus leading to the formation of mesoporous N-doped TiO2. The mesoporous N-doped TiO2 can be easily synthesized by calcination of the multinuclear coordination cluster, but shows better photocatalytic activity than the one prepared by a conventional sol-gel method. Owing to an intrinsic designability of coordination compounds, this facile synthetic will be applicable to a wide range of metal oxides and anion dopants.
Development of a sensitive and reliable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting naringin in human saliva
Authors: Zhang Yue , Qu Baoping , Qin Gaofeng , Liu Shuchen , Kong Hui , Wang Qingguo , Qu Huihua , Zhao Yan
Published: December 2015

The icELISA for NAR using anti-NAR mAb will be of great use in determining NAR in foods, medicines and human saliva; which provides a potential tool for clinical safe medications.
Curcumin loaded mesoporous silica: an effective drug delivery system for cancer treatment
Authors: Kotcherlakota Rajesh , Barui Ayan Kumar , Prashar Sanjiv , Fajardo Mariano , Briones David , Rodríguez-Diéguez Antonio , Patra Chitta Ranjan , Gómez-Ruiz Santiago
Published: December 2015

Mesoporous silica material based drug delivery systems (DDSs) containing curcumin show biocompatibility in normal cells and an effective anti-cancer effect in cancer cells.
N-Oxyamide-linked glycoglycerolipid coated AuNPs for receptor-targeting imaging and drug delivery
Authors: Chen Na , Yu Zhi-Hao , Zhou Dan , Hu Xi-Le , Zang Yi , He Xiao-Peng , Li Jia , Xie Juan
Published: December 2015

We report the construction of gold glyconanoparticles coated by N-oxyamide-linked glycoglycerolipids for receptor-targeting imaging and drug delivery.
Diverse interface effects on ferroelectricity and magnetoelectric coupling in asymmetric multiferroic tunnel junctions: the role of the interfacial bonding structure
Authors: Liu X. T. , Chen W. J. , Jiang G. L. , Wang B. , Zheng Yue
Published: December 2015

Ferroelectric stability and the interfacial magnetoelectric effect show strong dependence on the interfacial bonding structure in asymmetric tunnel junctions.
Structural and electronic properties of ZnO/GaN heterostructured nanowires from first-principles study
Authors: Zhang Yang , Fang Dang-Qi , Zhang Sheng-Li , Huang Rao , Wen Yu-Hua
Published: December 2015

An effective spatial separation of electrons and holes in biaxial heterostructured ZnO/GaN nanowires.
Long-range antiferromagnetic order in malonate-based compounds Na2M(H2C3O4)2·2H2O (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni)
Authors: Rousse G. , Radtke G. , Klein Y. , Ahouari H.
Published: December 2015

Newly synthetized metal malonates of formulae Na2M(H2C3O4)2·2H2O (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) exhibit distinct long-range antiferromagnetic orders despite their similar structure and chemistry.
Hydridosilylamido complexes of Ta and Mo isolobal with Berry's zirconocenes: syntheses, β-Si–H agostic interactions, catalytic hydrosilylation, and insight into mechanism
Authors: McLeod Nicolas A. , Kuzmina Lyudmila G. , Korobkov Ilia , Howard Judith A. K. , Nikonov Georgii I.
Published: December 2015

The β-SiH agostic complex (ArN)2Mo{η3-N(tBu)SiMe2–H}H is a pre-catalyst for hydrosilylation of carbonyls. Mechanistic studies revealed a non-hydride mechanism, with the benzoxy complex 8 being the resting state.
α-Fe2O3 nanopillar arrays fabricated by electron beam evaporation for the photoassisted degradation of dyes with H2O2
Authors: Shuang Shuang , Lv Ruitao , Xie Zheng , Wang Weipeng , Cui Xiaoyang , Ning Shuai , Zhang Zhengjun
Published: December 2015

Vertically aligned α-Fe2O3 nanopillar arrays (NPAs) were fabricated by thermally oxidizing Fe NPAs on Si, quartz and F-doped SnO2 (FTO) substrates prepared by glancing angle e-beam deposition (GLAD).
New insights into the uranium adsorption behavior of mesoporous SBA-15 silicas decorated with alkylphosphine oxide ligands
Authors: Zhang Wen , Ye Gang , Chen Jing
Published: December 2015

Alkylphosphine oxide functionalized mesoporous silicas were prepared by co-condensation and further addition reaction with secondary n-propylphosphine oxide and are promising candidates for the preconcentration and adsorption of uranium from acidic aqueous solutions.
Novel PVDF hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes with antibacterial and antifouling properties by embedding N-halamine functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs)
Authors: Kang Biao , Li Ying-Dong , Liang Jie , Yan Xi , Chen Jun , Lang Wan-Zhong
Published: December 2015

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes grafted with MWNTs-g-CDDAC are doped in PVDF spinning solution to prepare a kind of novel PVDF/MWNTs-g-CDDAC hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes with antibacterial and antifouling properties.
Near-infrared down-conversion in Er3+–Yb3+ co-doped transparent nanostructured glass ceramics for crystalline silicon solar cells
Authors: Tai Yuping , Wang Hanying , Wang Hui , Bai Jintao
Published: December 2015

A two-step energy transfer was achieved in Er3+–Yb3+ co-doped transparent glass ceramics containing CaF2 nanocrystals, which involved down-conversion of an absorbed visible photon to two emitted near-infrared photons.
Tri-m-cresyl phosphate and PPAR/LXR interactions in seabream hepatocytes: revealed by computational modeling (docking) and transcriptional regulation of signaling pathways
Authors: Palermo Francesco Alessandro , Cocci Paolo , Mozzicafreddo Matteo , Arukwe Augustine , Angeletti Mauro , Aretusi Graziano , Mosconi Gilberto
Published: December 2015

Investigation of the ability of TMCP to activate PPAR and LXR controlled transcriptional processes in seabream hepatocytes.
Surgical Outcomes after Pulmonary Resection for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer with Localized Pleural Seeding First Detected during Surgery
Authors: Yun Jae , Kim Mi-Ae , Choi Chang , Choi Se , Kim Yong-Hee , Kim Dong , Park Seung-Il , Kim Hyeong
Published: December 2015

Objectives Curative resection is not indicated for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with pleural seeding, which is classified as stage IV (M1a) disease. However, some patients with a presumably resectable main tumor are diagnosed with localized pleural seeding during surgery.

Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of 3,975 patients who underwent surgery for NSCLC from 2000 to 2011. Among these cases, 78 (2.0%) patients had unexpected pleural seeding detected during surgery. Exploration with pleural biopsy was performed in 42 of these patients (exploration-only group) and pulmonary resection, including for the main tumor, was performed in 36 cases (resection group; sublobar resection in 12, lobectomy in 21, and pneumonectomy in 3 patients). Survival and cancer progression rates were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to evaluate prognostic factors associated with survival.

Results Adenocarcinoma was the predominant histological type in both the exploration and resection groups (88.1 and 86.1%, respectively). Epidermal growth factor receptor expression was detected in 22 (52.4%) patients of the exploration group and 21 (58.3%) patients of the resection group. Baseline characteristics including age, sex, comorbidity, pulmonary function, and clinical T/N status were not significantly different between the two groups. There were no postoperative deaths in either group but postoperative complications occurred in two (4.8%) patients of the exploration group and three (8.3%) patients of the resection group. The overall 3- and 5-year survival rates in the exploration group were 41.1 and 15.2%, respectively, with a median survival time (MST) of 33 months, whereas they were 66.7 and 42.7%, respectively, in the resection group, with a 52-month MST (p = 0.012). Local and regional progression–free rates were significantly different (p < 0.001 and p = 0.029, respectively) between groups, whereas no difference was seen in the distant metastasis rates (p = 0.957). In multivariate survival analysis, surgical resection was the only significant prognostic factor (p = 0.01).

Conclusions Pulmonary resection including the main tumor, regardless of resection extent, may increase long-term survival for NSCLC patients with localized pleural seeding first detected during surgery, without a significant increase in hospital mortality or morbidity.
Evidence-Based Cesarean Delivery for the Nonobstetrician
Authors: Dahlke Joshua , Mendez-Figueroa Hector , Sperling Jeffrey , Maggio Lindsay , Connealy Brendan , Chauhan Suneet
Published: December 2015

Cesarean delivery (CD) is one of the most common major surgeries performed in the United States and worldwide. Surgical techniques evaluated in well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that demonstrate maternal benefit should be incorporated into practice. The objective of this review is to provide a summary of surgical techniques of the procedure and review the evidence basis for them for the nonobstetrician. The following techniques with the strongest evidence should be commonly performed, when feasible: (1) prophylactic antibiotics with a single dose of ampicillin or first-generation cephalosporin prior to skin incision; (2) postpartum hemorrhage prevention with oxytocin infusion of 10 to 40 IU in 1 L crystalloid over 4 to 8 hours; (3) low transverse skin incision; (4) blunt or sharp subcutaneous and fascial expansion; (5) blunt, cephalad–caudad uterine incision expansion; (6) spontaneous placental removal; (7) blunt-tip needle usage during closure; (8) subcutaneous suture closure (running or interrupted) if thickness is ≥2 cm; and (9) skin closure with suture. Although the number of RCTs designed to optimize maternal and neonatal outcomes of this common procedure is encouraging, further work is needed to minimize surgical morbidity. Optimal methods for postpartum hemorrhage prevention, adhesion prevention, and venous thromboembolism prophylaxis remain ongoing areas of active research, with outcomes that could markedly improve maternal morbidity and mortality. If evidence of a surgical technique appears preferred over another, clinicians should be comfortable adopting the evidence-based technique when performing and teaching CD.
Dynamics of magnetic single domain particles embedded in a viscous liquid
Authors: Usadel K. D. , Usadel C.
Published: December 2015

Kinetic equations for magnetic nano particles dispersed in a viscous liquid are developed and analyzed numerically. Depending on the amplitude of an applied oscillatory magnetic field, the particles orient their time averaged anisotropy axis perpendicular to the applied field for low magnetic field amplitudes and nearly parallel to the direction of the field for high amplitudes. The transition between these regions takes place in a narrow field interval. In the low field region, the magnetic moment is locked to some crystal axis and the energy absorption in an oscillatory driving field is dominated by viscous losses associated with particle rotation in the liquid. In the opposite limit, the magnetic moment rotates within the particle while its easy axis being nearly parallel to the external field direction oscillates. The kinetic equations are generalized to include thermal fluctuations. This leads to a significant increase of the power absorption in the low and intermediate field regions with a pronounced absorption peak as function of particle size. In the high field region, on the other hand, the inclusion of thermal fluctuations reduces the power absorption. The illustrative numerical calculations presented are performed for magnetic parameters typical for iron oxide.
Delimiting road-effect zones for threatened species: implications for mitigation fencing
Authors: Peaden J. Mark , Tuberville Tracey D. , Buhlmann Kurt A. , Nafus Melia G. , Todd Brian D.
Published: December 2015

Context
Roads are a pernicious form of habitat loss for many wildlife populations because their effects often extend far beyond the roads themselves, giving rise to reduced wildlife abundance in road-effect zones. Quantifying the extent of road-effect zones more accurately portrays their impact on populations and the true extent to which habitat is lost for many species.

Aim
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate ways of determining the extent of road-effect zones for a model study species to better quantify the effect of roads on habitat loss.

Methods
We conducted road-side surveys for signs of Mojave desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) 0, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 m from county roads and interstates, two of the most common road types in critical habitat of this threatened species. Using data from these road-side surveys, we estimated the extent of road-effect zones using piecewise regression and modified von Bertalanffy models.

Key results
We found reduced abundances of tortoise sign along both county roads and interstates. Reductions extended farther from the large, high-traffic interstate than from the smaller, lower-traffic county roads (306 m versus 230 m). The increase in the abundance of tortoise signs with distance from roads approximated a negative exponential curve.

Conclusions
Interstate and county roads both contribute to habitat loss in road-side areas by making these habitats unsuitable to desert tortoises, presumably by removing animals via mortality from collisions with vehicles. Larger roads with greater traffic have more extensive effects.

Implications
Roadside mitigation fencing has been proposed as one way to reduce mortality of desert tortoises and to reclaim habitat by allowing tortoises to recolonise currently depauperate road-effect zones. Immediate mortality is more likely to be prevented by fencing county roads where tortoises occur closer to roads and are more likely to be struck by vehicles and killed. However, fencing interstate should yield more reclaimed habitat than that obtained from fencing county roads. Managers must consider balancing these goals along with other concerns when deciding where to place roadside fencing.
Evolution of haploid selection in predominantly diploid organisms
Authors: Otto Sarah P. , Scott Michael F. , Immler Simone
Published: December 2015

Significance

Predominantly diploid organisms shape the extent to which their haploid gametes and gametophytes experience selection. Although animals are thought to experience only mild selection in the haploid stage, plants often experience strong haploid selection. When should parents limit exposure of gametes to haploid selection and when should they strengthen this selection? We develop mathematical models that consider the “selective arena” within which male gametes or gametophytes (sperm or pollen) compete for fertilization, examining how the intensity of this selective arena evolves when controlled by the mother or the father. These models predict substantial variation in the outcome, depending on whether mothers or fathers exert more control over the selective arena, with mothers often favoring stronger haploid selection than fathers.
Social finance
Authors: Nicholls Alex , Emerson Jed
Published: December 2015

This chapter presents an overview of the topics and debates discussed in the book. It starts by explaining the definition of social finance, relating it to other, sometimes rival, terms (social investment, impact investing, blended value investing, and so on) and notes the scale of activity and policy interest, and the culturally constructed and contingent nature of what is social in these contexts. The various drivers of these developments are explored, the range of instruments of social finance are outlined, and the emergent market structure in social finance is described. Current issues and debates are then summarized, before presenting brief synopses of the topics discussed in each of the chapters. The introduction concludes by outlining three scenarios for the future of social finance.
Financing social innovation
Authors: Young Dennis R.
Published: December 2015

This chapter explores social finance in terms of the types of investee enterprise. It emphasizes that social enterprises are very diverse, multi-sectoral phenomena that seek capital through a variety of mixes of governmental, philanthropic, and market-based income and investment. The chapter extends the benefits theory of not-for-profit funding so that it can be applied to a variety of social purpose organizational forms, not just not-for-profit organizations; and so that it can encompass how social entrepreneurs finance their ventures. The latter involves them matching their mission interests with the potential sources of finance deriving from the mix of public and private benefits their ventures provide. This development and application of benefits theory exposes challenges for social finance: it seems likely that social enterprises will be perennially undercapitalized relative to the benefits they can potentially offer—unless compensatory entrepreneurial strategies and public policies are enacted.
Co-operative and mutual finance
Authors: Michie Jonathan
Published: December 2015

This chapter explores one of the very first forms of social finance—co-operative and mutual organizations. First, the chapter sets out a definition of this sector and its approach to investment and finance. Next the chapter sketches in some historical background and puts co-operatives and mutuals in their global context, including data about the (substantial) scale and size of the sector worldwide. The relationship between co-operatives and mutuals and public services reform is then explored. The chapter goes on to argue that, post 2008, there is an increasing consensus that greater corporate diversity would reduce the overall riskiness of a national economy—in this context the growth of the co-operative and mutual sector offers macro-level benefits beyond the micro-benefits from the social value of individual membership and community embeddedness. The chapter then explores the possible shape and structure of a future market for mutual finance.
Polyphonic utterances: alternation of present and past in reported speech and thoughts in Russian
Authors: Vogeleer Svetlana
Published: December 2015

This study aims to account for how tenses in Russian contribute to creating the effect of bivocality in indirect discourse and in a particular case of Free Indirect Discourse (FID). The use and readings of tenses in Russian are compared to French. The analysis is based on the assumption that the use and reading of tenses depends, first, on the mode of discourse (dialogue mode vs. narrative mode) and, second, on the attitude denoted by the matrix verb. The analysis accounts for three cases: (i) alternation of the Russian dependent present and the overlapping past under the past of saying predicates within the dialogue mode; (ii) alternation of these tenses under cognitive factive predicates within the narrative mode; (iii) bivocality in a particular case of FID.
Agnihotra Rituals in Nepal
Authors: Witzel Michael
Published: December 2015

This chapter examines the history of the agnihotra in the Kathmandu valley. This ritual is Vedic, but is considered to be an antecedent to the tantric homa. The ritual is known to have been performed in Nepal by the fifteenth century, and perhaps, but with less certainty in the fourteenth. Witzel goes on to describe two of the four agnihotra performed in Patan—the two have been continuously performed for some centuries, while the other two are relatively recent revivals. These performances employ the traditional three fires of Vedic ritual, though known here by different names. The study closes with an analysis of the similarities and differences between the two agnihotra.