bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graphene-Based Single-Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Unraveling the Roles of Metals and Dopants in Tuning Activity
Authors: Gallagher Colin , Kothakonda Manish , Zhao Qing
Published: October 2024

Discovering electrocatalysts that can efficiently convert carbon dioxide (CO2) to valuable fuels and feedstocks using excess renewable electricity is an emergent carbon-neutral technology. A single metal atom embedded in doped graphene, i.e., single-atom catalyst (SAC), possesses high activity and selectivity for electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) to CO, yet further reduction to hydrocarbons is challenging. Here, using density functional theory calculations, we investigate stability and reactivity of a broad SAC chemical space with various metal centers (3d transition metals) and dopants (2p dopants of B, N, O; 3p dopants of P, S) as electrocatalysts for CO2R to methane and methanol. We observe that the rigidities of these SACs depend on the type of dopants, with 3p-coordinating SACs exhibiting more severe out-of-plane distortion than 2p-coordinating SACs. Using CO adsorption energy as a descriptor for CO2R reactivity, we narrow down the candidates and identify seven SACs with near-optimal CO binding strength. We then elucidate full reaction mechanisms towards methane and methanol generation on these identified candidates and observe highly dopant-dependent activity and rate-limiting steps, divergent from conventional mechanistic understanding on metallic surfaces, calling into question whether previous design principles established on metals are directly transferrable to SACs. Consequently, we find that zinc embedded in boron-doped graphene (Zn-B-C) is a highly active catalyst for electrochemical CO2R to C1 hydrocarbons. Our work reveals the opportunities of tuning SAC reactivity via engineering dopants and metals and highlights the importance of re-elucidating CO2R reaction mechanisms on SACs towards unearthing new design principles for SAC chemistry.
Tetralactam-based Anion Transporters
Authors: Gilchrist Alexander , McNaughton Daniel , Fares Mohamed , Wu Xin , Hawkins Bryson , Butler Stephen , Hibbs David , Gale Philip Alan
Published: October 2024

Synthetic anion transporters provide a promising avenue to treat diseases like cystic fibrosis and cancer. Anion binding site preorganisation is one aspect of transporter design which can be manipulated to enhance binding. Macrocycles possess preorganised binding cavities, enabling more stable, selective, and efficient anion binding and transport. In this study, we build on a macrocyclic tetralactam scaffold by preparing a series of fluorinated and non-fluorinated tetralactam anion transporters. Anion binding and transport assays were used to analyse the substituent effects on scaffold lipophilicity, selectivity, solubility, binding strength, and transport rates. The series was analysed for the ability to bind and transport Cl− and F− anions across lipid bilayers. Some highly fluorinated tetralactams display extremely high levels of Cl− and F− transport activity, showing record activities in HPTS assays and a Eu(III) probe-based F− transport assay.
Influence of local chemical environment on the catalytic properties of Ir1/CeO2 single-atom catalysts in CO oxidation
Authors: Pauletti Carlo Federico , Farnesi Camellone Matteo , Piccinin Simone
Published: October 2024

Supported single-atom catalysts (SACs) are of great interest in catalysis due to their highly efficient use of costly noble metals and unique reactivities, which are deeply influenced by the local coordination environment of the active site. Herein, the catalytic properties of single Ir adatoms on CeO$_2$ have been simulated at finite temperature with \emph{ab-initio} thermodynamics and microkinetic modelling, deriving analytical expressions for the turnover frequency of the catalyst at different operative regimes, compatible with experimental conditions. According to our findings, the adsorption geometry of single Ir adatoms on CeO$_2$ is governed by the surface termination, resulting in remarkably different catalytic activities: on the (110) surface, the high stability of square-planar IrO$_x$(CO)$_y$ units results in a high propensity towards CO poisoning. On the (111) surface, the local environment of the Ir adatom allows for a greater number of ligands, resulting in greater catalytic activity.
Dissecting the Molecular Structure of the Air/Ice Interface from Quantum Simulations of the Sum-Frequency Generation Spectrum
Authors: Rashmi Richa , Paesani Francesco
Published: October 2024

Ice interfaces are pivotal in mediating key chemical and physical processes, such as heterogeneous chemical reactions in the environment, ice nucleation, and cloud micro- physics. At the ice surface, water molecules form a quasi-liquid layer (QLL) with distinct properties from the bulk. Despite numerous experimental and theoretical studies, the molecular-level understanding of this layer has remained elusive. In this work, we use state-of-the-art quantum dynamics simulations with a realistic data-driven many- body potential to dissect the vibrational sum-frequency generation (vSFG) spectrum in terms of contributions arising from individual molecular layers, orientations, and hydrogen-bonding topologies that determine the QLL properties. The agreement be- tween experimental and simulated spectra provides a realistic view of the evolution of the QLL as a function of temperature without the need for empirical adjustments. At lower temperatures, the emergence of specific features in the vSFG spectrum points to surface restructuring, resulting in mixed ice Ih and ice Ic nanodomains at the surface, which may vary depending on how the air/ice interface is prepared. This work not only underscores the critical role of many-body interactions and nuclear quantum effects in understanding ice surfaces but also provides a definitive molecular-level picture of the QLL, which plays a central role in multiphase and heterogeneous processes of relevance to a range of fields, including atmospheric chemistry, cryopreservation, and materials science.
Prototipo de Reactor Batch Secuencial a escala de laboratorio con un difusor de aire en forma de espiral
Authors: Falla Ruíz Juan Camilo , Díaz Bravo Daniela Valentina , Marín Hurtado Sirley Viviana , Cabezas Córdoba Carlos Cesar , Montenegro Arboleda Susana
Published: October 2024

Un reactor batch secuencial (SBR) permite llevar a cabo las etapas de un proceso de lodos activados en un único tanque, definiendo su operación en un ciclo de cuatro etapas (llenado, reacción, decantación y vaciado). En este trabajo se efectuó el diseño, la construcción y evaluación de un SBR a escala de laboratorio con un difusor de aire en forma de espiral acoplado a un oxigenador de acuario con cuatro salidas. El difusor se elaboró con ácido poliláctico (PLA) en una impresora 3D. El volumen útil de reactor fue de 10 L y el ciclo de operación de 24 h, alternando cada dos horas las etapas de reacción y decantación, en la etapa de vaciado se retiró el 40% del volumen y se reemplazó con una nueva muestra de agua residual sintética. El periodo de evaluación del reactor fue de tres semanas, durante las cuales se monitoreo diariamente la temperatura, el oxígeno disuelto y el pH. La temperatura registró un valor promedio de 20.3 ± 0.6 °C, que es un valor fuera del intervalo optimo de 25 a 30 °C para un proceso de lodos activados. En este periodo se observó un crecimiento sostenido de biopelícula en las paredes del reactor y alrededor de los orificios del difusor, generando obstrucciones, a pesar de las cuales se logró mantener una concentración promedio de oxígeno disuelto de 6.31 ± 1.63 mg/l. Los datos de monitoreo del pH indican un valor promedio de 6.79 ± 0.43 unidades, siendo ligeramente ácido, ya que para el correcto funcionamiento de un proceso de lodos activados debe estar entre 6.5 y 8.5 unidades. En el agua tratada se determinó la demanda biológica de oxígeno (DBO5) y la demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) para establecer la eficiencia en reducción de materia orgánica biodegradable y no biodegradable, las cuales fueron de 50% y 46% respectivamente, por lo que el índice de biodegradabilidad para el agua residual fue del 96%. Estos datos permiten inferir que, aunque los microorganismos consumen o biodegradan el agua residual de forma eficaz, el periodo de evaluación no fue suficiente para alcanzar un tamaño de población microbiana que permita un consumo eficiente de materia orgánica en el ciclo de operación. Este diseño de rector tiene una frecuencia de mantenimiento alta, ya que requiere la limpieza de los orificios del difusor de aire para evitar su obstrucción por la formación de biopelícula.
Seguimiento y comparación de mediciones de la igualdad de género de la facultad de ingeniería de la Pontifica Universidad Javeriana
Authors: Hurtado Jairo , Castillo Hernández Mariana , Garzón Ramírez Luisa Fernanda , Lizarazo Murcia Jhoseph Samirt , Cano Morales Martha Lucia
Published: October 2024

Diferentes publicaciones han mostrado que existe una subrepresentación de las mujeres en las áreas de ciencia, tecnología, ingeniería y matemáticas (STEM Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics). Esta subrepresentación es incluso más alta en América Latina. Por ejemplo, en Colombia, el porcentaje de mujeres estudiantes de ingeniería es cercano a un tercio, incluso hay programas de ingeniería en los que este porcentaje es inferior al 20%. Datos de diferentes fuentes indican que no solo el número de estudiantes inscritos en programas de ingeniería en Colombia ha disminuido en los últimos años, sino también el porcentaje de mujeres que se inscriben. Esta disparidad de género es aún más pronunciada en algunos programas puntuales de ingeniería, tales como mecánica, electrónica e ingeniería de sistemas. Diferentes entidades gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, como la Unesco y W-Stem, mencionan que se deberían hacer mediciones y seguimiento de estas brechas de género, para de esta forma evaluar las políticas o programas que deberían implementarse y una vez implementados, hacerles seguimiento para evaluar su impacto e incidencia. También recomiendan que las mediciones de las brechas de género se socialicen a nivel institucional, para que a partir de dichas mediciones se puedan tomar acciones que permitan alcanzar la igualdad de género al interior de las organizaciones. Para darle una solución a la subrepresentación de las mujeres en programas de ingeniería en Colombia, es necesario definir políticas y estrategias desde las universidades. Este artículo hace seguimiento a la autoevaluación de la situación de igualdad de género en la facultad de ingeniería de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ) sede Bogotá. Por medio de una recopilación longitudinal de las estadísticas de género de los cuatro programas de ingeniería más antiguos de la facultad, se realiza un análisis de la evolución histórica al interior de esta. Igualmente se presenta una comparación de las cifras con las estadísticas a nivel nacional. La investigación incluye estadísticas de los porcentajes de ingresos, estudiantes matriculadas y estudiantes graduadas desde el año 2012.
Asistencia inteligente: optimizando el registro de asistencia en la Universidad de Cundinamarca Ubaté con IA
Authors: Rincón Guerrero Sharon Ariadna , Rodriguez Rodriguez Cristian Alejandro , Ortega Ortega Rafael
Published: October 2024

El presente proyecto surge como respuesta a la necesidad de optimizar el proceso de llamada de asistencia en las aulas de clase en la Universidad de Cundinamarca Seccional Ubaté. Los métodos actuales, basados en el llamado verbal o enlaces virtuales, consumen tiempo valioso de clase y generan trabajo administrativo adicional para los profesores, tiempo que se puede dedicar a actividades académicas. Además, existe el riesgo de suplantación de identidad. Con el fin de mitigar estos riegos se propone desarrollar un sistema de registro de asistencia de estudiantes utilizando técnicas de Inteligencia Artificial, lo cual permitirá optimizar el tiempo dedicado a la toma de asistencia tradicional en el aula, eliminando la necesidad de trabajo manual por parte de los docentes y reduciendo los riesgos asociados a la suplantación de identidad. Por otra parte, los resultados de este proyecto podrán ser replicados en otras áreas de la universidad, como en el control de acceso a oficinas administrativas o la seguridad en el ingreso de personal. Además, esta iniciativa acercará a la institución a las tecnologías de la Industria 4.0 preparando a sus miembros para el futuro del trabajo y la educación. Durante el proceso de investigación, se han diseñado mockups interactivos, los cuales han permitido visualizar el producto final y obtener retroalimentación valiosa de la población objetivo; por otra parte, se han realizado pruebas con librerías de Python, lenguaje de programación designado para la realización del proyecto, dichas pruebas han indicado que FaceRecognition se descartará por su alto consumo de recursos y lentitud, mientras que OpenCV es indispensable debido a su eficiencia y mejores resultados para la obtención de datos visuales en tiempo real. De la misma forma se proyecta continuar con pruebas enfocadas a otras librerías, como TensorFlow y las de reconocimiento de voz. Estas pruebas permitirán determinar las herramientas finales que se utilizarán, complementando la información necesaria para evaluar la factibilidad económica y técnica del proyecto, para lograrlo se planea realizar simulaciones, que permitan definir las mejores herramientas para el desarrollo de este proyecto. Así mismo, se determinara el costo beneficio de la herramienta final desarrollada, identificando las características, su usabilidad, alcances y limitaciones, tanto desde una perspectiva legal como social, abriendo la oportunidad para que esta pueda llegar a operar no solo en aulas de clase; sino que pueda replicarse a gran escala en operaciones empresariales que requieran reconocimiento dentro de sus operaciones, así como control, cuidado o seguridad a nivel regional, contribuyendo a la modernización y eficiencia en la gestión académica, mientras se fomenta la adopción de tecnologías en la educación superior.
Development of Smart Technology in the Digital Education Environment of Kazakhstan
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Abylkassymova Аlma , Akhmed-Zaki Darkhan , Zhumabay Nurman
Published: October 2024

The aim of the study is to analyze the research of Kazakhstani and foreign scientists on the develop-ment of SMART education and its digital transformation in Kazakhstan. The article analyzes the most informative scientific articles of Kazakhstani and foreign scientists devoted to the study of the state, practical application and further use of SMART technology both in the Republic of Kazakhstan in general and in the country’s education system. The study examines and analyzes reliable academic databases such as Google Scholar, ERIC, Web of Science and SCOPUS, as well as relevant literature using govern-ment documents and materials from international conferences to study the main issues of digitalization in Kazakhstan. Mainly, the depth of publications for the past 5 years is taken. Based on the study of these works, the authors came to the conclusion that new digital technologies began to be actively introduced in Kazakhstan since 2018, after the adoption of the state program “Digital Kazakhstan” in December 2017. However, to date, Kazakhstan continues to lag behind many leading countries in the world in the implementation and application of new digital technologies. This allowed the authors to offer a number of recommendations that can significantly speed up this process and become one of the leading states in the digital era. The recommendations presented can help students, teachers and stakeholders effectively integrate digital technologies into the education system. The authors focused on expanding the use of SMART technology in the education system of Kazakhstan.
SCRATCH – Programming environment in inclusive education features of application in the practice of project-oriented learning
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Yersultanova Aitkul , Karelkhan Nursaule
Published: October 2024

Digital literacy plays a key role in the formation of an inclusive educational space that can adapt to the unique needs of each student, ensuring equal access to education. As a result of teaching the subject “Informatics” in general education schools, there are no specific examples of projects and pedagogi-cal methods successfully used in inclusive education through computer programs, for example, using Scratch. That is, there is a need for special children to develop computing skills, thinking with the help of software tools. In this regard, the research work aimed to identify the specifics of learning using the Scratch environment of the project – oriented method of teaching in inclusive classrooms. To achieve this goal, the conditions were first identified and the experience of the project method of teaching sec-ondary schools at the republican level was analyzed. Secondly, a curriculum of project tasks that form students’ system thinking has been developed, compiled in a Scratch programming environment. The effectiveness of the project-oriented teaching method is determined and the ways of practical implemen-tation are introduced through the optional class “Programming in the Scratch environment” according to the developed curriculum.In addition to the proposed course curriculum, an educational and methodological collection of practical tasks “creating a project in a Scratch environment” has been developed and introduced into the educational process, and the effectiveness of the proposed teaching methods has been determined as a result of the experiment.
Correlation Study on Personal Factors of General and Specialist Dentists Regarding Emergency Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries
Authors: Adrisya Lubis Putri Anggie
Published: October 2024

Traumatic dental injuries are increasingly recognized as a significant dental health issue, particularly among children and adolescents. These injuries commonly result from falls, motorbike accidents, sports injuries, or violence. Both general dentists and specialists are responsible for providing emergency care for these injuries, making it essential for them to have sufficient knowledge and experience in managing such cases. This study aims to assess the personal factors influencing the emergency management of traumatic dental injuries among general dentists and specialists in Medan City. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was used, involving a total sample of 300 general and specialist dentists. Data analysis included univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods. The results showed a significant correlation between knowledge, perception, experience, and work length in managing traumatic dental injuries (p<0.00). However, no correlation was found between age and gender with the ability to manage these injuries (p>0.00). Among the variables, knowledge was identified as the most influential factor. The study concludes that while knowledge, perception, experience, and work duration play a critical role in emergency management, age and gender do not. It is recommended that dentists in Medan continuously enhance their knowledge in this area to ensure effective treatment, reduce patient anxiety, and improve patient satisfaction.
DETERMINANTS INFLUENCING MADEIRA ISLAND'S SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICIES AS AN ECO-TOURISM DESTINATION: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
Authors: Vicente José Manuel
Published: October 2024

Objective: Based on the standards of Global Sustainable Tourism Council and the participants' experiences at destination, the current study aims to reflect and survey among visitors to Madeira Island about the primary challenges to be taken into consideration for the development of sustainable policies for the tourist destination.
 
Method: 1136 valid questionnaires were collected and statistical treatment was carried out. In order to create value, replicate it in the economy, and improve the well-being of both residents and visitors to the Destination, all parties involved in the Sustainable Destination certification process.
 
Results and Discussion: The findings hold significance for an enhanced comprehension of the phenomena intrinsic to the Madeira Eco-Tourist Destination.
 
Research Implications: The practical implications of the research were to recommend ways in which political decision-makers and companies in the tourism sector can improve their performance in the process of certifying the Madeira Islands destination as an Eco-Tourism destination with sustainability concerns. The research is relevant to the enrichment of literature at the level of Portuguese-speaking academia, in the panorama of global and island studies, particularly in the development of socioeconomic policies for sustainable tourism.
 
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the border between the management of tourism destination certification projects based on sustainability and tourism innovation/promotion and can contribute something new for both professionals and policy makers in the formulation environment. of sustainable development policies for destinations.
The Role of Digitalization in Enhancing Outward Foreign Direct Investment: New Advantages for Chinese Enterprises
Authors: Meng Aobo , Fu Liyou
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and other technologies, digital construction has gradually become a crucial means of enterprise development, significantly impacting the operation and management activities of enterprises. Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) is one of the key pathways for Chinese enterprises to “go global,” contributing to improved economic efficiency and promoting national economic development. Therefore, studying the advantages of digitalization in OFDI activities will aid in exploring effective methods for Chinese enterprises to engage in OFDI within the digital economy and provide an important foundation for strategic enterprise planning and national policy formulation. This paper combines the current state of OFDI among Chinese enterprises, analyzes the advantages and roles of digital construction in OFDI, and explores relevant countermeasures, aiming to provide theoretical references for enterprises’ OFDI activities in the context of digitalization.
Cross-sectional study of predictors of infant nutrition knowledge among new mothers in Iraq
Authors: Salih Aseel Muayad , Shwaish Tarik Ziyad Tarik , Saleh Elaf Mohammed , Alkawaz Wefak Hasan Abdulraheem
Published: October 2024

Background: Despite recent improvements, infant and young child feeding (IYCF) remains a challenge in Basra, Iraq. Aim: To describe the predictors of IYCF knowledge among new mothers in Basra City, Iraq. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data on infant nutrition knowledge from 400 new mothers attending 12 primary health care centres in Basra, Iraq, between February and June 2023. Jamovi version 2.3 was used for statistical analyses. Predictive analysis was performed with univariable and multivariable ordinal logistic regression, and the results were reported as crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Most (60%) of the women interviewed were younger than 19 years, married (98%), living in an extended family setting (93%), and in the lowest income level (76%). Age ≤19 was a significant predictor of knowledge about breastfeeding, formula feeding, complementary feeding, water and supplements, and food allergies (adjusted odds ratio range 2.24–5.30). Unemployment and low education status predicted lower knowledge about breastfeeding, complementary feeding, water and supplements, and food allergies, but neither unemployment nor low education status predicted lower knowledge about formula feeding. Receiving information from doctors or healthcare workers and social media or the internet was associated with better maternal IYCF knowledge while receiving information from family and friends predicted poorer knowledge about food allergy and water and supplements. Conclusion: IYCF education in Basra should be improved, with particular attention to healthcare worker-mediated and social media- and family systems-based approaches. Priority should be given to the less educated, younger and unemployed women and those in the lower income group.
НОВЫЕ КОМПЛЕКСЫ Pd(II) С 4-метиламино-3-пентен-2-оном – CH3C(NHCH3)CHC(O)CH3
Authors: Байдина И.А. , Первухина Н.В. , Крючкова Н.А. , Громилов С.А.
Published: October 2024

Определены кристаллические структуры двух новых комплексов палладия с 4-метиламино-3-пентен-2-оном – CH3C(NHCH3)CHC(O)CH3 - (Hmki). Кристаллы β-транс-Pd(mki)2 (1) и Pd(ki)(mki).0.5(С6Н6) (2) (ki = CH3C(NH)CHC(O)CH3, mki = CH3C(NCH3)CHC(O)CH3). Кристаллы относятся к триклинной сингонии с параметрами элементарных ячеек: 1 – пр. гр. P, a = 7.1877(3), b = 7.2668(4), с = 7.3246(3) Å, a = 83.903(1), b = 61.263(1), g = 74.197(1)°, V = 322.64(3)Å3, Z = 1; 2 – пр. гр. P, a = 7.1787(2), b = 9.4578(4), с = 12.1817(7) Å, a = 108.361(1), b = 96.160(1), g = 107.046(1)°, V = 732.09(6)Å3, Z = 2. Структуры комплексов молекулярного типа, построенные из изолированных молекул Pd(mki)2 и Pd(ki)(mki) в 1 и 2 соответственно. С помощью квантово-химических расчетов с использованием теории функционала плотности (DFT) было изучено распределение электронной плотности в комплексах α-транс-Pd(mki)2, β-транс-Pd(mki)2 (1) и разнолигандного Pd(ki)(mki).0.5(С6Н6) (2). Данные топологического анализа показали, что характер распределения электронной плотности в комплексах α- и β-транс-Pd(mki)2 аналогичен. На основании результатов анализа межмолекулярных взаимодействий было показано, что различная геометрия молекул в α- и β- модификациях транс-Pd(mki)2 приводит к отличиям в структурообразующих межмолекулярных контактах, и, как следствие, влияет на упаковку молекул в кристалле.
AUXILIARY POLICE IN THE SYSTEM OF THE NAZI OCCUPATION REGIME IN THE SOVIET TERRITORIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE BELARUSIAN SSR)
Authors: Roman'ko O.
Published: October 2024

This article is devoted to the study of the role and place of the collaborationist auxiliary police, which was an important part of the Nazi security forces during the occupation of Soviet territories. The reasons for the appearance and genesis of such police formations are shown on the example of the Belarusian SSR. Their typology is considered, with the help of which it was possible to establish that the main types of police in the territory of this Soviet republic were the «service of order», «self-defense» and Auxiliary Police of order, the reasons for the creation of which directly depended from the increase in the level of partisan danger in the occupied territories. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the auxiliary police were the most massive collaborationist formations in the occupied Soviet territories, and their role in Nazi repressive policies (for example, participation in the Holocaust) is quite significant. Nevertheless, the level of combat capability of the police remained low for a number of reasons and only decreased with the course of the occupation, which forced the Nazi administration to look for other forms of military collaboration. One of these reasons was the interethnic relations on the territory of the Belarusian SSR, which allows us to call the auxiliary police an essential factor in the dynamics, for example, of Belarusian-Polish and Belarusian-Russian relations.
EXPLORING ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THARU AND NON-THARU STUDENTS IN BIHAR
Authors: Srivastava Rekha , Gupta Rajnish Kumar , Sunita Kumari
Published: October 2024

This study examines the academic achievement of Tharu and Non-Tharu adolescents in the Bagaha (sub division of west Champa ran) Bihar, with a particular focus on gender differences and tribal identity. The educational landscape in India is marked by significant disparities, especially among marginalized communities, where socio-economic factors and cultural influences play crucial roles in shaping academic outcomes. This paper aims to explore the academic performance of Tharu and non-Tharu adolescents’ students of Bagaha (sub division of west Champaran) Bihar. Sample consisted of 400 adolescent’s students randomly selected from the school. Academic achievement was obtained from the schools. Gender wise and category wise comparisons were done using, Mean, S.D. and independent t-test. The results indicate that Tharu students, despite facing cultural and infrastructural challenges, perform relatively well compared to non-Tharu students. Additionally, female adolescents consistently outperform their male counterparts in both tribal and non-tribal categories. This finding aligns with existing literature that suggests gender dynamics significantly impact educational performance, with girls often exhibiting higher academic motivation and support. Furthermore, the study reveals a substantial difference in academic achievement between tribal male and female students, highlighting the need for targeted interventions that address the unique challenges faced by tribal communities.By contributing to the understanding of educational disparities in the Bagaha, this research underscores the importance of inclusive educational policies and culturally relevant curricula. The findings call for increased community engagement and support systems to enhance academic outcomes for all students, particularly those from marginalized backgrounds. Ultimately, this study aims to inform policymakers and educators about the necessity of addressing the intersectionality of gender and tribal identity in educational planning and implementation.
EVOLUTION OF DIGITAL PAYMENTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PRE- AND POST-COVID TRENDS IN HYBRID ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Kumar Atul , Parab Tadnya , Shukla Stuti , Periwal Chirag , Chourasiya Sahil
Published: October 2024

In this era of rapid technological advancement, the use of digital payments is booming. It is one of the key measures being promoted by the government under the 'Digital India' campaign to move toward a cashless economy. Digital payments are made through online platforms using electronic media, eliminating the need for physical cash, and enabling people to handle transactions quickly and easily. The government's goal is to create a digitally empowered economy that is faceless, paperless, and cashless.
With the rapid growth of internet access and smartphone usage, more people now have the tools to make digital payments. Mobile wallets, apps, and payment platforms have become widely accessible, and digital payments can be made both online and in physical locations. For example, if you buy something from Myntra and pay via UPI, that qualifies as a digital payment. Similarly, if you visit a restaurant and, instead of paying with cash or a card, scan a QR code at the cashier using an app like Google Pay or PhonePe, and complete the transaction through UPI, it is also considered a digital payment since the money is transferred electronically without physical cash.
This study investigates whether the importance of digital payments has grown significantly between the pre-COVID and post-COVID periods. A two-sample means test was conducted using survey responses from finance managers at 100 companies in Pune. The findings indicate a notable increase in the importance of digital payments during the COVID-19 period.
CURRENTS OF CULTURE: RIDERS TO THE SEA AS A BLUE HUMANITIES TEXT
Authors: Kurian Viju , Gopalakrishnan Kavitha
Published: October 2024

This article reinterprets J.M. Synge’s Riders to the Sea through the framework of Blue Humanities, focusing on portraying the sea as a force central to modern tragedy. The play depicts the sea as a natural element and an overwhelming, indifferent power, shaping the tragic fate of coastal lives. The sea narrative is explored in its dual role as a sustaining and threatening force, reflecting the deep cultural ties between the islanders and the ocean. Finally, the analysis turns to the theme of the blue economy, examining how the characters' dependence on the sea for survival intertwines with their profound losses. By situating Riders to the Sea within these contexts, the article underscores the timeless significance of maritime themes in understanding human suffering and resilience.
ANALYSING CHANGES IN SHOOTING PERFORMANCE: ANALYSIS OF PRE AND POST TRAINING SCORES
Authors: Pal Amit , Bhati C. P. Singh
Published: October 2024

The aim of the present investigation is to examine the effectiveness of a 15-day structured training intervention which comprises stability, precision, and concentration exercises for improving the shooting performance of athletes. The main objective was to evaluate the changes in shooting scores with the help of the intervention. Thirty athletes were randomly recruited in the study and the scores of both the pre and post training were assessed. The experimental group was exposed to the fifteen-day training while the other group received no treatment. The paired t-test signified the effectiveness of the program because shooting performance increased after the training. Even though the scores increased significantly, there was no relationship between pre-test and post-test scores showing that athletes of all skill level got equal benefits from the training. This means that the intervention was generally beneficial no matter the starting point of the students. The study raises questions about the effectiveness of the current training approaches for developing athletic performance and generalises the implications of the study results for training in sports. These results suggest utilization of similar training techniques in the other sports for enhancement of precision and stability. Subsequent studies may examine the durability of such programs and fine-tune their elements to maximize performance results.
Pengaruh Audit Internal dan GCG terhadap Penyaluran Pembiayaan Kredit Usaha Rakyat melalui Penerapan Manajemen Risiko
Authors: Deni Deni , Hubeis Musa , Aminah Mimin
Published: October 2024

Program Pembiayaan Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) merupakan salah satu inisiatif pemerintah untuk meningkatkan akses pembiayaan bagi UMKM. Peningkatan penyaluran KUR berpotensi meningkatkan risiko pembiayaan bermasalah, sehingga penting untuk dimitigasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis pengaruh audit internal terhadap GCG, (2) pengaruh GCG terhadap manajemen risiko, (3) pengaruh audit internal terhadap manajemen risiko, (4) pengaruh GCG terhadap penyaluran KUR, (5) pengaruh audit internal terhadap penyaluran KUR dan (6) pengaruh manajemen risiko terhadap penyaluran KUR. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 121 responden yang bekerja di PT. BSI Wilayah Jawa Tengah, yang diambil dengan menggunakan teknik multistage-random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner secara online, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan SEM-PLS menggunakan aplikasi SmartPLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) audit internal mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap Good Corporate Governance (GCG); (2) GCG mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap manajemen risiko; (3) audit internal juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap manajemen risiko; (4) GCG juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penyaluran Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR); (5) audit internal tidak mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap penyaluran KUR; (6) manajemen risiko berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penyaluran KUR.
Forecasting Tingkat Kesehatan dan Ketahanan Perbankan di Indonesia
Authors: Hamdillah Dwinisa , Ermawati Wita Juwita , Suprayitno Gendut
Published: October 2024

The number of commercial banks in Indonesia after the 2008 global crisis declined. The decrease in this number was caused by mergers, consolidations, acquisitions, integrations and conversions in the context of forming a resilient national banking industry structure. To ensure a stable banking sector, these banks must be evaluated through a Risk-based Bank Rating. When the 2008 global crisis economic shock and the COVID-19 pandemic occurred, the banking intermediary function was disrupted. In these conditions, the financial performance of banks also experienced a decline. This study aimed to assess the bank rating and resilience of banks in 2008-2020, forecast the bank rating and resilience of banks in Indonesia in 2021-2030 and analyze the effect of bank rating on bank resilience. This study used secondary data, that is a annual financial reports published by the Financial Services Authority. The data was analysed by ARIMA and panel data regression. The results showed that the bank rating and resilience of commercial banks declined during the economic shocks of the 2008 global crisis and the 2020 Covid pandemic. It is predicted that the resilience of commercial banks will increase in 2021-2030. Earnings as measured by ROA had a positive effect on bank resilience. Credit risk (NPL) had a negative effect on resilience, while liquidity risk (LDR) showed a positive effect on the resilience of commercial banks in Indonesia. GCG and Capital had no effect on bank resilience
El itinerario cultural camino de las perlas en La Guajira Colombia. Una propuesta para la resiliencia frente el cambio climático.
Authors: Mendoza Katherin Pérez , Busón Carlos , Angola Alexis Carabalí , Arroyo Mónica Pineda
Published: October 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar la posibilidad de crear un itinerario cultural que recorra parte de la costa colombiana en el departamento de La Guajira, entre los municipios de Riohacha y Urib
Comparative analysis of hybrid cognitive radar techniques for enhanced target detection and tracking: A performance evaluation perspective
Authors: Obiajulu C. Emmanuel  , Aliyu Sabo  , Isa M. Danjuma  , Sagir Lawan
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces an innovative hybrid algorithmic approach for cognitive radar systems, by integrating unique machine learning optimization techniques such as, YOLO (You Only Look Once), Mask R-CNN, and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). Through extensive simulations, the integrated approach demonstrates notable enhancements in target detection, instance segmentation, and target tracking within radar systems. Leveraging deep learning models, the framework facilitates adaptive and intelligent processing of radar data, augmenting system performance in dynamic environments. By seamlessly integrating state-of-the-art techniques, the proposed framework showcases a comprehensive solution to the challenges faced by traditional radar systems. This research represents a significant stride forward in radar technology, promising transformative impacts across various domains, including surveillance, remote sensing, and autonomous navigation. As radar systems continue to evolve, the adoption of advanced deep learning techniques offers unprecedented opportunities for enhancing situational awareness and decision-making capabilities in complex operational scenarios.
Determinants of uptake of routine immunization among mothers of under five children in rural areas of North-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: MUHAMMAD LAWAN GANA  , MUHAMMAD LAWAN GANA  , BABAGANA ABBA
Published: October 2024

Background: Immunization against the vaccine preventable diseases is one of components of Primary Health Care and the most cost-effective public health intervention in the history of mankind: but it has failed to meet the health needs of the majority of the people particularly in underdeveloped countries. Method: this was a cross-sectional descriptive study that utilized interviewer administered questionnaire to 313 participants through multistage sampling. Data was analyzed using SPSS and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: about half (50.5%) of the study participants had good level of aggregate knowledge scores, nearly one-third (34.2%) had positive attitude, and about one quarter (25.9%) had good uptake/practice of routine immunization. After adjusting for the confounding effects using logistic regression analysis; educational status of secondary school (AOR=1.99, 95% CI=1.43 – 33.65) and tertiary (AOR=4.04,95%CI=3.25 – 15.75), number of ANC visit of > 4 times (AOR=3.02, 95%CI= 1.76 – 41.45) monthly income of >N70,000.00 (AOR=5.01, 95%CI=3.25 – 35.77), good aggregate knowledge scores of routine immunization (AOR=4.06 95%CI=2.99-13.89), and positive aggregate scores on attitudes of routine immunization (AOR=5.03, 95%CI= 5.13-27.33) remained significant predictors of uptake/practices of routine immunization among the study participants. Conclusions: most of the study participants had negative attitude on routine immunization that led to low uptake. It was recommended that more strategies that will ensure increase in uptake like health education and provision of adequate vaccine should be employed by the state government.
Choosing the best artificial intelligence tools for human resource management
Authors: ALENA LIPINA
Published: October 2024

The article presents a comprehensive review and comparative analysis of modern artificial intelligence (AI)-based platforms used in human resource (HR) management. Tools such as HireVue, Pymetrics, Eightfold.ai, Workday, and Textio are reviewed. Their functionality, usability, integration with existing systems, data security, cost, and user support are discussed. The article provides practical recommendations for selecting optimal AI solutions, taking into account the specific needs and priorities of different organizations. It also explores the prospective directions of AI development in HR and the ethical aspects of their implementation.
Systematic literature review: The implementation of artificial intelligence (IA) sophistication in facilitating the employee recruitment process
Authors: Nicky Gilang Wicaksono  , Bella Gusniar  , Yoga Adi Saputra
Published: October 2024

This study aims to analyze the application of sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI) in facilitating the employee recruitment process. The research method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Researchers obtained research data from Google Scholar and other research journal article providers over a period of 6 years, namely 2019-2024. 73 journals were obtained after that the data was reduced with several criteria, namely inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 journals were obtained to be reviewed. The results of this study state that sophisticated AI simplifies the employee recruitment process from the beginning of the recruitment process because it can be more efficient in terms of cost, time, and energy and can reduce the subjectivity of human assessment. However, the final recruitment process still requires the intervention of Human Resources. This is because AI is less able to adapt to culture and language which can cause bias in decision making. AI software that is often used by companies to facilitate the employee recruitment process is Job Agrigator Software and Candidate Assessmant Software.
Geochemical study of heavy metals in samples from dumpsites at Onitsha, Anambra Basin, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Joel Ejiofor Okoro  , Geraldine Nonyelum Anachuna  , Therese Ntonzi Nganje  , Christopher Iorfa Adamu
Published: October 2024

Core (0-60cm) samples were collected from selected dumpsites at Onitsha and control site at Awka, Nigeria. Physiochemical parameters (particle size distribution, cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, Organic Matter (OM in %)) and heavy metals (Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Aluminium (Al), Cobalt (Co), Molybdenium (Mo), Cadmium (Cd), Manganese (Mn) and Silicon (Si)) were analyzed using standard methods. The result of the physiochemical analysis shows that the samples were generally sandy with acidic pH values (4.89-6.24); OM ranged from 5.693-27.71%; CEC ranged from 0.072-0.62(Cmol/kg). Comparatively, DS 5 (Obosi) has the highest levels of these heavy metals followed by DS 2 (Woliwo). The order is Bida < Okpoko <Obosi 1 < Woliwo < Obosi 2. The levels of these heavy metals were above the control values. They were equally above national and international guidelines. Enrichment Factor (EF) values varied between no enrichment to extremely severe enrichment. Pollution load index (PLI) indicated that all the sampled sites were polluted while the ecological risk of heavy metals varied between low contamination to high contamination. The prevailing indiscriminate disposal of wastes occasioned by nonexistence of appropriate disposal facilities is the direct cause of the situation. Proactive measures and regular environmental monitoring must be taken to minimize further deterioration as the contaminants pose serious deleterious effects on human and soil organisms.
Machine learning techniques for enhancing security in financial technology systems
Authors: William Clement Aaron  , Obehi Irekponor  , Ngozi Tracy Aleke  , Linda Yeboah  , Jennifer E Joseph
Published: October 2024

The financial technology (fintech) industry has transformed the way financial services are delivered, offering enhanced convenience, accessibility, and efficiency. However, this rapid digitization has also increased the sector’s exposure to a wide array of security risks, including cyberattacks, fraudulent activities, data breaches, and insider threats. As traditional security measures struggle to keep pace with the growing sophistication of these threats, machine learning (ML) techniques have emerged as promising tools for reinforcing security in fintech systems. Machine learning models can analyze vast amounts of data, detect anomalous behavior, predict potential risks, and respond to security threats in real-time. This paper explores the potential of machine learning to enhance security in financial technology by addressing key challenges such as anomaly detection, fraud detection, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and risk management. We provide an overview of common machine learning algorithms—such as decision trees, neural networks, support vector machines (SVM), and clustering methods—that are applied to these security tasks. Additionally, we discuss the evaluation metrics used to measure the accuracy, precision, recall, and overall effectiveness of these models. Through real-world case studies, we highlight successful implementations of machine learning in fintech security, offering insights into best practices and lessons learned. Despite the many benefits, there are also significant challenges and limitations associated with the adoption of machine learning in fintech, including concerns over data privacy, the accuracy and reliability of models, and the computational resources required for large-scale deployment. Looking ahead, this paper identifies emerging trends and potential innovations that could further enhance security in fintech, from advancements in deep learning to the integration of artificial intelligence with blockchain technology. Finally, we propose areas for future research to address unresolved issues and support the continued development of machine learning-driven security solutions in the fintech industry.