bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qingzhuan dark tea polysaccharides‐zinc alleviates dextran sodium sulfate‐induced ulcerative colitis
Authors: Zheng Min , Xie Chen , Ye Dan , Chen Yong , Wang Ziyao , Wang Le , Xiong Fang , Zhang Sheng , He Qiang , Wu Hui , Wu Zhinong , Zhou Hongfu , Li Ling , Xing Jun , Miao Xiaolei
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Qingzhuan dark tea polysaccharides (QDTP) have been complexed with Zinc (Zn) to form the Qingzhuan dark tea polysaccharides‐Zinc (QDTP‐Zn) complex. The present study investigated the protective effects of QDTP‐Zn on ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. The UC mouse model was induced using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), followed by oral administration of QDTP‐Zn (0.2 and 0.4 g kg−1 day−1).

RESULTS

QDTP‐Zn demonstrated alleviation of UC symptoms in mice, as evidenced by a decrease in disease activity index scores. QDTP‐Zn also regulated colon tissue injury by upregulating ZO‐1 and occludin protein expression, at the same time as downregulating tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6β levels. Furthermore, QDTP‐Zn induced significant alterations in the abundance of bacteroidetes and firmicutes and notably increased levels of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid.

CONCLUSION

In summary, QDTP‐Zn exhibits therapeutic potential in alleviating enteritis by fortifying the colonic mucosal barrier, mitigating inflammation and modulating intestinal microbiota and SCFAs levels. Thus, QDTP‐Zn holds promise as a functional food for both the prevention and treatment of UC. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Plasticity‐Induced Effects of Theta Burst Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Grippe Talyta , Shamli‐Oghli Yazan , Darmani Ghazaleh , Nankoo Jean‐François , Raies Nasem , Sarica Can , Arora Tarun , Gunraj Carolyn , Ding Mandy Yi Rong , Rinchon Cricia , DiLuca Daniel G. , Pichardo Samuel , Cardoso Francisco , Lozano Andres M. , Chen Robert
Published: May 2024

Background

Low‐intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) technique with high spatial specificity. Previous studies showed that TUS delivered in a theta burst pattern (tbTUS) increased motor cortex (MI) excitability up to 30 minutes due to long‐term potentiation (LTP)–like plasticity. Studies using other forms of NIBS suggested that cortical plasticity may be impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objective

The aim was to investigate the neurophysiological effects of tbTUS in PD patients off and on dopaminergic medications compared to healthy controls.

Methods

We studied 20 moderately affected PD patients in on and off dopaminergic medication states (7 with and 13 without dyskinesia) and 17 age‐matched healthy controls in a case‐controlled study. tbTUS was applied for 80 seconds to the MI. Motor‐evoked potentials (MEP), short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and short‐interval intracortical facilitation (SICF) were recorded at baseline, and at 5 minutes (T5), T30, and T60 after tbTUS. Motor Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (mUPDRS) was measured at baseline and T60.

Results

tbTUS significantly increased MEP amplitude at T30 compared to baseline in controls and in PD patients on but not in PD patients off medications. SICI was reduced in PD off medications compared to controls. tbTUS did not change in SICI or SICF. The bradykinesia subscore of mUPDRS was reduced at T60 compared to baseline in PD on but not in the off medication state. The presence of dyskinesia did not affect tbTUS‐induced plasticity.

Conclusions

tbTUS‐induced LTP plasticity is impaired in PD patients off medications and is restored by dopaminergic medications. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Quantitative acetone/toluene planar laser‐induced fluorescence measurements of equivalent ratio
Authors: Chang Guang , Yu Xin , Peng Jiangbo , Zhong Hongjie , Men Guannan
Published: May 2024

In this work, we establish a quantitative relationship between the fluorescence signal intensity of acetone and toluene and their concentration, and acetone/toluene planar laser‐induced fluorescence (PLIF) is developed to measure the concentrations of two components simultaneously, providing an equivalent ratio distribution of the flow field. Due to a thorough consideration of the tracer effect on each other's fluorescence signals, the uncertainty in the PLIF concentration measurement is reduced to 10.4%. Experimental results of OH‐PLIF and acetone/toluene PLIF indicate that the equivalence ratio distribution obtained by acetone/toluene PLIF in cold‐state flow fields can be employed to predict and analyze the trend of equivalence ratio distribution in the combustion field.
Efficient strain‐gradient mixed elements using shared degrees of freedom for the discretised fields
Authors: Papanicolopulos Stefanos‐Aldo
Published: May 2024

A displacement‐only finite‐element formulation of strain‐gradient models requires elements with continuous interpolation. Mixed formulations have been proposed to allow the use of more common element shape functions. These mixed formulations are based on the interpolation of two different fields, displacement and some kind of displacement gradient, with the relation between the two fields enforced using either Lagrange multipliers or penalty methods. All elements proposed in the literature for such formulations use a distinct set of degrees of freedom to discretise each field. In this work, we introduce for the first time shared degrees of freedom, that lead to a mixed formulation with a significantly better numerical performance. We describe how this novel mixed formulation can be derived, present individual elements implementing this, and discuss the significance of the results.
Multiscale simulation and experimental studies on modal damping of ultra‐thick CFRP laminates
Authors: Yan Ling , Li Shuran , Li Mengze , Wang Qing , Ke Yinglin
Published: May 2024

The vibration characterization of ultra‐thick laminates widely used in aerospace and marine industries was different from that of thin laminates. However, modal testing and simulation methods were generally limited to relatively thin laminates. To explore the vibration behavior of ultra‐thick laminates, a novel multiscale simulation technology based on the representative volume modal strain energy (RVMSE) method is presented for predicting modal damping in this paper. The adaptive Greedy‐Based Generation (GBG) algorithm is used to create a 3D random distribution of fibers for composites. Modal shape information of the structure is obtained according to the Lanczos algorithm, which is used as an input parameter for the microscopic model. This is followed by homogenization based on the volumetric analysis performed on representative volume elements (RVEs) to determine the strain energy in six directions. The calculation of modal damping is performed by using the modal strain energy (MSE) method and the damping properties of the six directions. The fast rate of convergence and high accuracy of the method are demonstrated through different examples. The vibration response predictions produced by novel RVMSE methodology are shown to closely match experimental measurements, providing scope to expand the application of this approach to more complex, ultra‐thick laminate components.

Highlights

The RVMSE method uses a higher level of homogenization to overcome the limitations of the traditional MSE method for calculating the damping of ultra‐thick CFRP laminates.

The modal parameter error is controlled to less than 10%, and the experimental results fill the gap of the damping data of ultra‐thick CFRP structure.

The proposed RVMSE model improves the accuracy of dynamic response prediction for ultra‐thick laminates.
Study of the thermomechanical behavior of composite based on Elium acrylic resin, carbon nanotubes, and flax fibers: Experimental approach
Authors: Mendoue D. Koumba , Benelfellah A. , Boumbimba R. Matadi , Royaud I. , Ponçot M. , Wary M. , Noirel C.
Published: May 2024

This study evaluated the effect of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) addition on the thermomechanical, and electrical responses of unidirectional flax fibers/Elium acrylic modified carbon nanotubes‐based composite. The manufacturing process of these laminated composites involved infusing the nanofillers onto the fibers, ensuring good dispersion of MWCNT within the matrix. Regardless of the rate of incorporated nanotubes, this study revealed a significant deterioration of the mechanical properties in tension and viscoelastic properties of the Elium acrylic resin‐based nanocomposite. The electrical conductivity significantly increased for all nanocomposites and laminated composites. In contrast to the nanocomposite, the unidirectional flax fibers/MWCNT/Elium acrylic composite exhibited a considerable improvement in mechanical properties. An increase in Young's modulus and stress at break of about 27% and 23% respectively, was achieved for the material loaded with 2 wt% of MWCNT. The presence of MWCNT reduces the saturation weight by 5% for the unidirectional composite filled with an amount of 1.5 wt% in MWCNT.

Highlights

Improving the electrical properties of nanocomposites and unidirectional fibers (UD) composites.

Improving the mechanical properties of Elium/flax/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) composites.

Influence of MWCNTs on the water absorption of UD composites.

Influence of MWCNT on the glass transition temperature of nanocomposites.

Inhibiting polymerization of MWCNT with Elium.
Multi‐step heating strategy during thermal stabilization of polyacrylonitrile multi‐filament bundle before carbonization
Authors: Hariri Hiba , Tunçel Kemal Şahin , Karacan Ismail
Published: May 2024

A polyacrylonitrile (PAN) multi‐filament bundle underwent a multi‐step heat treatment following impregnation with a solution of ammonium bromide, phosphoric acid and urea (A‐P‐U). The multi‐step thermal stabilization process was conducted in an air atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 200 to 245 °C for various stabilization times spanning from 10 to 70 min. Comprehensive analysis of physical and mechanical properties, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis (DSC and TGA) revealed the significant influence of stabilization time on the structure and properties of thermally stabilized PAN multi‐filament bundle. The fiber thickness and linear density of the stabilized fibers decreased by approximately 29.5% and 10.6%, respectively, after 70 min of heat treatment. However, the fiber density value increased from 1.18 to 1.38 g cm−3 during the same stabilization time. Additionally, the carbon yield value obtained using TGA increased from 31% to 73% at 850 °C. The presence of A‐P‐U markedly reduced the time needed for the conversion of the PAN polymer into a cyclized structure through its nitrile groups, thereby accelerating the stabilization reactions. Furthermore, the IR spectra exhibited the appearance of CC bonds, signaling the creation of a crosslinked ladder‐like structure. The XRD traces confirmed the decrease in crystallinity with increasing stabilization time, consistent with the findings from IR spectra. The findings showed that the A‐P‐U integrated system is notably successful and proficient in promoting the cyclization of nitrile groups, thereby decreasing the time needed to establish a thermally stable structure capable of withstanding elevated carbonization temperatures. © 2024 The Author(s). Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Short‐ and long‐term effects of commercial formulations of imidacloprid, spirotetramat, and mixtures of these active ingredients on pupae of Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its progeny
Authors: Kolac Julieta , Schneider Marcela Inés , Rimoldi Federico
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Compatibility studies of insecticides and natural enemies usually focus on short‐term lethal effects, without considering the long‐term sublethal effects (including progeny). Even less‐explored are the effects of commercial insecticides formulated with more than one active product. Short‐ and long‐term lethal and sublethal effects were studied for the first time on the progeny of commercial formulations of spirotetramat, imidacloprid and a commercial mixture of these active ingredients on pupae of Diaeretiella rapae (M'ntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an endoparasitoid of aphids considered to be a potential biological control agent. Insecticides were exposed topically on aphid mummies in which the parasitoid was in the pupal stage.

RESULTS

Imidacloprid reduced adult emergence by more than 30% and prolonged intra‐host development time with respect to control from half the maximum recommended field dose (MFRD). Spirotetramat and commercial mixture only showed significant effects on these endpoints at doses above the MFRD. The tested formulations did not affect adult longevity, sex ratio, and percentage of parasitism in the exposed generation. At low concentrations the active ingredients in the commercial mixture behave synergistically, whereas at medium and high concentrations they behave antagonistically. Considering the 10% lethal dose (LD10), imidacloprid showed the highest hazard coefficient, whereas the commercial mixture was more hazardous when considering the LD50 and LD90. The commercial mixture and imidacloprid induced higher adult emergence and altered the sex ratio in the progeny.

CONCLUSIONS

The following order of toxicity on D. rapae can be established: imidacloprid > commercial mixture > spirotetramat. Joint use of this species with imidacloprid and commercial mixture should be avoided in integrated pest management programs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A new ring fixator system for automated bone fixation
Authors: Aydi(ı)n Ahmet , U(Ü)n M. Kerem
Published: May 2024

Background

In the field of orthopaedics, external fixators are commonly employed for treating extremity fractures and deformities. Computer‐assisted systems offer a promising and less error‐prone treatment alternative to manual fixation by utilising a software to plan treatments based on radiological and clinical data. Nevertheless, existing computer‐assisted systems have limitations and constraints.

Methods

This work represents the culmination of a project aimed at developing a new automatised fixation system and a corresponding software to minimise human intervention and associated errors, and the developed system incorporates enhanced functionalities and has fewer constraints compared to existing systems.

Results

The automatised fixation system and its graphical user interface (GUI) demonstrate promising results in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and reliability.

Conclusion

The developed fixation system and its accompanying GUI represent an improvement in computer‐assisted fixation systems. Future research may focus on further refining the system and conducting clinical trials.
High Voltage Asymmetric Supercapacitors Using Tungsten‐Doped Mn‐Co Spinel Ferrite Electrodes
Authors: Alqarni Ameerah N. , Cevik Emre , Almessiere M. A. , Baykal A. , Gondal M. A. , Bozkurt Ayhan , Iqbal Arfa , Asiri Sarah M. , Slimani Y. , Gunday Seyda T.
Published: May 2024

Physicochemical properties emerging nanomaterials possessing tungsten (W) are unique and the applications could be extended over a wide spectrum as nanocomposite electrodes for effective high voltage energy storage applications. Herewith, W doped spinel ferrite nanostructures was synthesized with facile hydrothermal strategy to get MnCo1.98W0.02O4(MnCoW). The spectroscopic characterization studies proved spherical subunits embedded onto nanosheets formed by W doped bimetallic oxide with a crystalline phase. The resistance due to charge transfer of the electrodes was reduced which led to enhanced transfer of charge across interface of electrode and electrolyte was addressed upon W doping. Carbon based nanocomposite electrodes endowed by their unique structures and the electrochemical performance with various aqueous electrolytes were tested in an asymmetric supercapacitor application. Excellent capacitance development from 141.2 F g−1to 203.7 F g−1was achieved by W doping possessing an energy density of 17.9 Wh kg−1. A superior capacitance retention of 91 % was obtained from MnCoW‐based device right after 10000 cycles (charging/discharging) at 1 A g−1. The designed supercapacitor device employing MnCoW electrode exhibited better lifetime performance during lighting a LED under various angles.
Prediction of mechanical properties of high‐performance concrete and ultrahigh‐performance concrete using soft computing techniques: A critical review
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Rai Baboo , Samui Pijush
Published: May 2024

A cement‐based material that meets the general goals of mechanical properties, workability, and durability as well as the ever‐increasing demands of environmental sustainability is produced by varying the type and quantity of individual constituents in high‐performance concrete (HPC) and ultrahigh‐performance concrete (UHPC). Expensive and time‐consuming laboratory experiments can be used to estimate the properties of concrete mixtures and elements. As an alternative, these attributes can be approximated by means of predictive models created through the application of artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies. AI approaches are among the most effective ways to solve engineering problems due to their capacity for pattern recognition and knowledge processing. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) are a subfield of AI that is gaining popularity across many scientific domains as a result of its many benefits over statistical and experimental models. These include, but are not limited to, better accuracy, faster performance, greater responsiveness in complex environments, and lower economic costs. In order to assess the critical features of the literature, a comprehensive review of ML and DL applications for HPC and UHPC was conducted in this study. This paper offers a thorough explanation of the fundamental terms and ideas of ML and DL algorithms that are frequently used to predict mechanical properties of HPC and UHPC. Engineers and researchers working with construction materials will find this paper useful in helping them choose accurate and appropriate methods for their needs.
Automated multivolume placental reconstruction using three‐dimensional power Doppler ultrasound and infrared camera tracking
Authors: Xue A. , Hanly R. , Luichareonkit D. , Thomas S. , Barber T. , Welsh A. W.
Published: May 2024

Objective

Placental insufficiency contributes to many obstetric pathologies however there is no bedside clinical tool to evaluate placental perfusion. We have developed a method to acquire multiple three‐dimensional power Doppler ultrasound (3D PD‐US) volumes of placental vasculature with infrared camera tracking providing global coordinates. These are automatically reconstructed (‘stitched’) into a model of the entire placenta. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of automated reconstruction in an US phantom and apply this technique to human placentas.

Methods

A custom‐designed acrylic phantom was constructed with dimensions mimicking a third‐trimester placenta, containing 12 quadrilateral towers of varying heights submersed in tissue‐mimicking solution. Triplicated three‐dimensional ultrasound volumes of this phantom were acquired at three different acquisition angles using infrared camera tracking. Data was transformed into a three‐dimensional cartesian volume and automatically stitched.

A single‐centre, cross‐sectional feasibility study was conducted on uncomplicated second‐to‐third trimester singleton pregnancies using standardised obstetric settings. Multiple 3D PD‐US and grayscale volumes of the placenta were acquired with infrared camera tracked coordinates. Volumes were stitched to create a model of placental vasculature.

Results

6 phantom datasets were reconstructed at each of 3 volume angles with a median of 9 volumes required. Perfect volume alignment occurred in 66.7% of 648 datapoints. Mean distance error for volume misalignment was 2.92mm. Measurements of 210 distances in each stitched volume (2160 total distances) differed an average of 1.51mm from true measurements. These compare favourably with recent literature, though for a substantially larger phantom. 17 participants were scanned with 92% reconstruction success per placental volume set and 100% participant achievability. Median reconstruction time was 10 minutes. Placental vasculature was qualitatively assessed to be present, continuous, and detailed throughout. Volume measurement of entire segmented placentas was highly repeatable (ICC 0.96).

Conclusion

We present an automated method to model the entire structure and vasculature of second‐to‐third trimester placentas, with verified accuracy and clinical feasibility for grayscale and power Doppler. This study builds the foundation to develop a practical screening tool for detecting placental insufficiency, and expansion to adult organ perfusion evaluation.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Spindle black holes and mass-deformed ABJM
Authors: Suh Minwoo
Published: May 2024

Abstract

By extending the method developed by Arav, Gauntlett, Roberts and Rosen, we construct supersymmetric AdS2 × ⅀ solutions of gauged $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 supergravity which are asymptotic to the SU(3) × U (1)-invariant Warner fixed point, where ⅀ is a spindle. The Warner fixed point is dual to the mass-deformed ABJM theory. The solutions are in the anti-twist class. We numerically calculate the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the presumed black holes with the AdS2 × ⅀ horizon.
Arthrosen des Handgelenks
Authors: Deglmann C. J.
Published: May 2024

Der Begriff Handgelenkarthrose kann als Überbegriff für verschiedene, oft unabhängige Arthrosebereiche verwendet werden, da das Handgelenk aus mehreren Teilbereichen zusammengesetzt ist. Die radiokarpale Arthrose entsteht oft nach nicht therapierten Bandverletzungen, bei fehlheilenden Knochenfrakturen im Carpus oder nach Radiusfrakturen mit Gelenkbeteiligung. Eine typische Sequenz der Ausbreitung ist bekannt für die radiokarpale Arthrose nach SL(skapholunär)-Insuffizienz oder Skaphoidpseudarthrose. Zu den weiteren Ursachen zählen Entzündungen, Kristallablagerungen oder Knochennekrosen. Die ulnokarpale Arthrose tritt bei Niveauunterschieden zwischen Ulna und Radius posttraumatisch oder auch primär auf. Bei der Therapie der Handgelenkarthrose sollte nach Ausschöpfung von konservativen Maßnahmen ein operatives Verfahren gewählt werden, das unter Berücksichtigung der operativen Risiken und des individuellen Anspruchs eine möglichst gute Belastung und Restbeweglichkeit ermöglicht. Bei Rettungsoperationen werden die defekten Knorpelbereiche entweder direkt fusioniert oder durch geeignete umleitende Teilfusionen und Resektionsarthroplastiken ausgeschaltet. Die genaue Analyse der betroffenen Zonen ist entscheidend für die Auswahl eines geeigneten Eingriffs.
Association between Doppler assessment and secondary cesarean delivery for intrapartum fetal compromise in small-for-gestational-age fetuses
Authors: Scholz Anna S. , Rónay Vanessa , Wallwiener Markus , Fluhr Herbert , von Au Alexandra , Spratte Julia , Wallwiener Stephanie , Elsaesser Michael
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To elucidate the association between arterial and venous Doppler ultrasound parameters and the risk of secondary cesarean delivery for intrapartum fetal compromise (IFC) and neonatal acidosis in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses.

Methods

This single-center, prospective, blinded, cohort study included singleton pregnancies with an estimated fetal weight (EFW) < 10th centile above 36 gestational weeks. Upon study inclusion, all women underwent Doppler ultrasound, including umbilical artery (UA) pulsatility index (PI), middle cerebral artery (MCA) PI, fetal aortic isthmus (AoI) PI, umbilical vein blood flow (UVBF), and modified myocardial performance index (mod-MPI). Primary outcome was defined as secondary cesarean section due to IFC.

Results

In total, 87 SGA pregnancies were included, 16% of which required a cesarean section for IFC. Those fetuses revealed lower UVBF corrected for abdominal circumference (AC) (5.2 (4.5–6.3) vs 7.2 (5.5–8.3), p = 0.001). There was no difference when comparing AoI PI, UA PI, ACM PI, or mod-MPI. No association was found for neonatal acidosis. After multivariate logistic regression, UVBF/AC remained independently associated with cesarean section due to IFC (aOR 0.61 [0.37; 0.91], p = 0.03) and yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.67–0.89). A cut-off value set at the 50th centile of UVBF/AC reached a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 58% for the occurrence of cesarean section due to IFC (OR 8.1; 95% CI, 1.7–37.8, p = 0.003).

Conclusion

Low levels of umbilical vein blood flow (UVBF/AC) were associated with an increased risk among SGA fetuses to be delivered by cesarean section for IFC.
Integration of targeted metabolome and transcript profiling of Pseudomonas syringae-triggered changes in defence-related phytochemicals in oat plants
Authors: Pretorius Chanel J. , Dubery Ian A.
Published: May 2024

Main conclusion

A gene-to-metabolite approach afforded new insights regarding defence mechanisms in oat plants that can be incorporated into plant breeding programmes for the selection of markers and genes related to disease resistance.

Monitoring metabolite levels and changes therein can complement and corroborate transcriptome (mRNA) data on plant–pathogen interactions, thus revealing mechanisms involved in pathogen attack and host defence. A multi-omics approach thus adds new layers of information such as identifying metabolites with antimicrobial properties, elucidating metabolomic profiles of infected and non-infected plants, and reveals pathogenic requirements for infection and colonisation. In this study, two oat cultivars (Dunnart and SWK001) were inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pathovars, pathogenic and non-pathogenic on oat. Following inoculation, metabolites were extracted with methanol from leaf tissues at 2, 4 and 6 days post-infection and analysed by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer system. Relatedly, mRNA was isolated at the same time points, and the cDNA analysed by quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) for expression levels of selected gene transcripts associated with avenanthramide (Avn) biosynthesis. The targeted amino acids, hydroxycinnamic acids and Avns were successfully quantified. Distinct cultivar-specific differences in the metabolite responses were observed in response to pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. Trends in aromatic amino acids and hydroxycinnamic acids seem to indicate stronger activation and flux through these pathways in Dunnart as compared to SWK001. A positive correlation between hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:hydroxyanthranilate N-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HHT) gene expression and the abundance of Avn A in both cultivars was documented. However, transcript profiling of selected genes involved in Avn synthesis did not reveal a clear pattern to distinguish between the tolerant and susceptible cultivars.

Graphical abstract
Ivermectin resistance mechanisms in ectoparasites: a scoping review
Authors: Furnival-Adams Joanna , Kiuru Caroline , Sagna André Barembaye , Mouline Karine , Maia Marta , Chaccour Carlos
Published: May 2024

Ivermectin mass drug administration has been used for decades to target human and veterinary ectoparasites, and is currently being considered for use against malaria vectors. Although there have been few reports of resistance to date in human ectoparasites, we must anticipate the development of resistance in mosquitoes in the future. Hence, through this review, we mapped the existing evidence on ivermectin resistance mechanisms in human ectoparasites. A search was conducted on the 8th November 2023 through databases, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, using terms related to ivermectin, human and veterinary ectoparasites, and resistance. Abstracts (5893) were screened by JFA and CK. Data on the study organism, the type of resistance, the analysis methods, and, where applicable, the gene loci of interest were extracted from the studies. Details of the methodology and results of each study were summarised narratively and in a table. Eighteen studies were identified describing ivermectin resistance in ectoparasites. Two studies described target site resistance; and 16 studies reported metabolic resistance and/or changes in efflux pump expression. The studies investigated genetic mutations in resistant organisms, detoxification, and efflux pump expression in resistant versus susceptible organisms, and the effect of synergists on mortality or detoxification enzyme/efflux pump transcription. To date, very few studies have been conducted examining the mechanisms of ivermectin resistance in ectoparasites, with only two on Anopheles spp. Of the existing studies, most examined detoxification and efflux pump gene expression, and only two studies in lice investigated target-site resistance. Further research in this field should be encouraged, to allow for close monitoring in ivermectin MDA programmes, and the development of resistance mitigation strategies.

Graphical Abstract
Association between sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and macular degeneration in patients with diabetes: a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Min-Yen , Luo Kai-Shin , Chou Chien-Chih , Lin Yu-Hsiang , Hung Yu-Chien , Chuang Wu-Lung , Tsai Stella Chin-Shaw , Lin Heng-Jun , Yu Teng-Shun , Tsai Fuu-Jen , Chang Kuang-Hsi
Published: May 2024

Aims

Evidence showed that SGLT2 inhibitors have greater protective effects against retinal diseases compared to other hypoglycemic agents. Thus, we explore the association between SGLT2 inhibitor usage and macular degeneration (MD) in Taiwanese patients with diabetes.

Methods

The National Health Insurance (NHI) program's claim data are released as the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). This database covers more than 99% of the residents in Taiwan. We included data on patients who were newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (ICD-9-CM: 250, exclude 250.1x; ICD-10-CM: E11), with an age at diagnosis of over 20 years as our study population. Patients who received (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor) SGLT2i (ATC code: A10BK) over 90 days in 2016–2019 were defined as the SGLT2i cohort. Conversely, patients who did never received SGLT2i were defined as the non-SGLT2i cohort. The exclusion criteria were having MD before the index date, receiving SGLT2i within 1–89 days, and missing data on sex, age, or days of SGLT2i usage. Two cohorts were matched by 1:1 propensity score matching, which was based on age, sex, payroll bracket grade, urbanization, comorbidities, and medications.

Results

Compared to non-SGLT2i cohort, patients who received SGLT2i had a significantly lower risk of MD (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.70, 95%CI = 0.66–0.75).

Conclusions

We found that SGLT2is has a strong protective effect against MD in patients with diabetes. SGLT2is may have benefits beyond glycemic control in patients with DR. However, additional clinical and experimental studies are required.
Exact solvability of certain linear ODEs
Authors: Fečkan Michal , Pačuta Július , Wang JinRong
Published: May 2024

We study the existence of exact solutions either for linear systems of ODEs or for scalar second order linear differential equations with Dirichlet boundary value conditions.
Tuning structure learning algorithms with out-of-sample and resampling strategies
Authors: Chobtham Kiattikun , Constantinou Anthony C.
Published: May 2024

One of the challenges practitioners face when applying structure learning algorithms to their data involves determining a set of hyperparameters; otherwise, a set of hyperparameter defaults is assumed. The optimal hyperparameter configuration often depends on multiple factors, including the size and density of the usually unknown underlying true graph, the sample size of the input data, and the structure learning algorithm. We propose a novel hyperparameter tuning method, called the Out-of-sample Tuning for Structure Learning (OTSL), that employs out-of-sample and resampling strategies to estimate the optimal hyperparameter configuration for structure learning, given the input dataset and structure learning algorithm. Synthetic experiments show that employing OTSL to tune the hyperparameters of hybrid and score-based structure learning algorithms leads to improvements in graphical accuracy compared to the state-of-the-art. We also illustrate the applicability of this approach to real datasets from different disciplines.
The methods for improving large-scale multi-view clustering efficiency: a survey
Authors: Yang Zengbiao , Tan Yihua
Published: May 2024

The diversity and large scale of multi-view data have brought more significant challenges to conventional clustering technology. Recently, multi-view clustering has received widespread attention because it can better use different views’ consensus and complementary information to improve clustering performance. Simultaneously, many researchers have proposed various algorithms to reduce the computational complexity to accommodate the demands of large-scale multi-view clustering. However, the current reviews do not summarize from the perspective of reducing the computational complexity of large-scale multi-view clustering. Therefore, this paper outlines various high-frequency methods used in recent years to reduce the computational complexity of large-scale multi-view clustering, i.e. third-order tensor t-SVD, anchors-based graph construction, matrix blocking, and matrix factorization, and compares the corresponding algorithms based on several open datasets. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of the current algorithm and the point of improvement are analyzed.
Rutin attenuates ensartinib-induced hepatotoxicity by non-transcriptional regulation of TXNIP
Authors: Wu Wentong , Li Jinjin , Yin Yiming , Zhou Yourong , Huang Xiangliang , Cao Yashi , Chen Xueqin , Zhou Yunfang , Du Jiangxia , Xu Zhifei , Yang Bo , He Qiaojun , Yang Xiaochun , Hu Yuhuai , Yan Hao , Luo Peihua
Published: May 2024

Ensartinib, an approved ALK inhibitor, is used as a first-line therapy for advanced ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer in China. However, the hepatotoxicity of ensartinib seriously limits its clinical application and the regulatory mechanism is still elusive. Here, through transcriptome analysis we found that transcriptional activation of TXNIP was the main cause of ensartinib-induced liver dysfunction. A high TXNIP level and abnormal TXNIP translocation severely impaired hepatic function via mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatocyte apoptosis, and TXNIP deficiency attenuated hepatocyte apoptosis under ensartinib treatment. The increase in TXNIP induced by ensartinib is related to AKT inhibition and is mediated by MondoA. Through screening potential TXNIP inhibitors, we found that the natural polyphenolic flavonoid rutin, unlike most reported TXNIP inhibitors can inhibit TXNIP by binding to TXNIP and partially promoting its proteasomal degradation. Further studies showed rutin can attenuate the hepatotoxicity of ensartinib without antagonizing its antitumor effects. Accordingly, we suggest that TXNIP is the key cause of ensartinib-induced hepatotoxicity and rutin is a potential clinically safe and feasible therapeutic strategy for TXNIP intervention.

Graphical Abstract
Divider verification using symbolic computer algebra and delayed don’t care optimization: theory and practical implementation
Authors: Konrad Alexander , Scholl Christoph , Mahzoon Alireza , Große Daniel , Drechsler Rolf
Published: May 2024

Recent methods based on Symbolic Computer Algebra (SCA) have shown great success in formal verification of multipliers and—more recently—of dividers as well. In this paper we enhance known approaches by the computation of satisfiability don’t cares for so-called Extended Atomic Blocks (EABs) and by Delayed Don’t Care Optimization (DDCO) for optimizing polynomials during backward rewriting. Using those novel methods we are able to extend the applicability of SCA-based methods to further divider architectures which could not be handled by previous approaches. We successfully apply the approach to the fully automatic formal verification of large dividers (with bit widths up to 512).
Standardisierter Datenmanagementplan für die Bildungsforschung (Stamp) – Ein projektbegleitendes Tool für das Forschungsdatenmanagement
Authors: Künstler-Sment Julia , Eckert Simon , Favella Gianpiero , Kerwer Martin , Jansen Malte
Published: May 2024

Die empirische Bildungsforschung zieht ihre Erkenntnisse aus der Erhebung und Auswertung von Daten. Einheitliche Standards sind notwendig, um den steigenden Anforderungen an das Forschungsdatenmanagement im Kontext einer zunehmenden Kultur des Datenteilens zu begegnen. Das Verbundprojekt Domain-Data-Protokolle für die empirische Bildungsforschung (DDP-Bildung) entwickelte hierzu den Stamp (Standardisierter Datenmanagementplan für die Bildungsforschung). Der Stamp basiert auf dem „Domain Data Protocol“-Konzept von Science Europe und dient der Sicherung der Datenqualität und der Nachnutzbarkeit von Forschungsdaten. In die Entwicklung des Stamps flossen Expertisen aus der Forschungsdateninfrastruktur sowie von der Scientific Community der Bildungsforschung geäußerte Bedarfe ein. Ein zentraler Unterschied zu klassischen Datenmanagementplänen besteht darin, dass der Stamp Informationsquellen verknüpft und fachspezifische Vorgehensweisen in Form von Praxisbeispielen unter Beachtung rechtlicher Vorgaben illustriert. Hierbei begleitet der Stamp wissenschaftliche Projekte von der Planungsphase (inklusive Projektanträgen) über die Erhebung und bis zur Archivierung der Daten. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt den Entwicklungsprozess des Stamps und stellt dessen Bestandteile vor.
Correlation between the thyroid computed tomography value and thyroid function in hyperthyroidism: a retrospective study
Authors: Iwanaga Haruna , Fujita Naotoshi , Abe Shinji , Naganawa Shinji , Kato Katsuhiko
Published: May 2024

Objective

Radioiodine (I-131) therapy for hyperthyroidism is a well-established and safe treatment option. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the computed tomography (CT) value and the function and volume of the thyroid gland by identifying the factors that induce changes in the CT value of patients with hyperthyroidism.

Methods

This retrospective study evaluated 38 patients with Graves’ disease and 10 patients with Plummer disease. To obtain the mean CT value and volume of the thyroid gland, the entire thyroid gland was set as the region of interest. A test dose of 3.7 MBq I-131 was administered before initiating I-131 therapy, and the radioiodine uptake (RIU) rate was assessed after 3, 24, 96, and 168 h. An approximate curve was plotted based on the RIU values obtained, and the effective half-life (EHL) was calculated. The correlation between the mean CT value and the volume of the thyroid gland, 24-h RIU, EHL, and the free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) levels was evaluated.

Results

The CT value exhibited a significant positive correlation with EHL in patients with Graves’ disease (r = 0.62, p < 0.0001) as well as patients with Plummer disease (r = 0.74, p < 0.05). However, it did not display any correlation with the remaining parameters.

Conclusion

The CT value is significantly correlated with EHL, suggesting that it reflects thyroid function and is mainly related to the factors associated with iodine discharge.
Developing a Whole Child School Screening Instrument: Evaluating Perceived Usability as an Initial Step in Planning for Consequential Validity
Authors: Koslouski Jessica B. , Chafouleas Sandra M. , Briesch Amy , Caemmerer Jacqueline M. , Melo Brittany
Published: May 2024

We are developing the Equitable Screening to Support Youth (ESSY) Whole Child Screener to address concerns prevalent in existing school-based screenings that impede goals to advance educational equity using universal screeners. Traditional assessment development does not include end users in the early development phases, instead relying on a psychometric approach. In working to develop the ESSY Whole Child Screener, we are integrating a mixed methods approach with attention to consequential validity from the outset of measure development. This approach includes end users in measure development decisions. In this study, we interviewed a diverse sample of school staff (n = 7), administrators (n = 3), and family caregivers (n = 8) to solicit their perceptions of the usability of the initial draft of the ESSY Whole Child Screener. We identified three overarching themes: (1) paving the road for implementation of a whole child screener, (2) potential roadblocks to use, and (3) suggested paths forward to maximize positive intended consequences. Paving the road for implementation of a whole child screener includes subthemes related to alignment with existing initiatives, comprehensive yet efficient design, and potential positive consequences of assessing the whole child. Potential roadblocks to use includes subthemes of staff buy-in, family comfort with contextual screening items, teacher accuracy, and school capacity to provide indicated supports. Suggested paths forward to maximize positive intended consequences include clear and precise messaging to staff and families, optimizing instrumentation and data collection procedures, and strengthening connections to data interpretation and use. We discuss next steps in the design and testing of the initial measure as well as assessment development more broadly.
New accelerator designs: NIMMS
Authors: Vretenar Maurizio , Benedetto Elena
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This article summarises the presentation given at the “Hadrontherapy: status and perspectives” event.

Methods

Structure, methodology, and objectives of the Next Ion Medical Machine Study collaboration are introduced. Its four Work Packages are: small synchrotrons for particle therapy, curved superconducting magnets for synchrotrons and gantries, superconducting gantry design, and high-frequency ion linacs. Synchrotrons under study include a superconducting design for carbon ion therapy, and a normal-conducting design for ions up to helium. Superconducting magnet R&D is carried out in two European projects. Within the scope of these projects, five magnet demonstrators with different technologies are in different phases of design and production. Beam optics and mechanical design of a superconducting gantry for carbon ions is being developed. A high-frequency linac design has been completed, and tests are starting on a prototype high-frequency injector.

Results

The designs of two facilities based on NIMMS technological developments are presented. A carbon ion research and therapy facility was designed for the SEEIIST project, based on a conventional synchrotron with high beam intensity. A smaller facility aimed at cancer therapy and research with light ions, in particular helium beams has also been designed. Both facilities can produce FLASH-type beams.

Conclusions

The traditional design of carbon ion therapy facilities can be improved by adding new features as higher beam intensity and new beam extraction schemes. A cost-effective alternative to the traditional design is a compact facility for light ions, exploiting the potential for treatment with helium ions and allowing an experimental programme with different ion species.
Exploration–Exploitation Mechanisms in Recurrent Neural Networks and Human Learners in Restless Bandit Problems
Authors: Tuzsus D. , Brands A. , Pappas I. , Peters J.
Published: May 2024

A key feature of animal and human decision-making is to balance the exploration of unknown options for information gain (directed exploration) versus selecting known options for immediate reward (exploitation), which is often examined using restless bandit tasks. Recurrent neural network models (RNNs) have recently gained traction in both human and systems neuroscience work on reinforcement learning, due to their ability to show meta-learning of task domains. Here we comprehensively compared the performance of a range of RNN architectures as well as human learners on restless four-armed bandit problems. The best-performing architecture (LSTM network with computation noise) exhibited human-level performance. Computational modeling of behavior first revealed that both human and RNN behavioral data contain signatures of higher-order perseveration, i.e., perseveration beyond the last trial, but this effect was more pronounced in RNNs. In contrast, human learners, but not RNNs, exhibited a positive effect of uncertainty on choice probability (directed exploration). RNN hidden unit dynamics revealed that exploratory choices were associated with a disruption of choice predictive signals during states of low state value, resembling a win-stay-loose-shift strategy, and resonating with previous single unit recording findings in monkey prefrontal cortex. Our results highlight both similarities and differences between exploration behavior as it emerges in meta-learning RNNs, and computational mechanisms identified in cognitive and systems neuroscience work.
E.4 Machine learning based patient classification to predict neurological deterioration in mild Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Al-Shawwa A , Craig M , Ost K , Anderson D , Jacobs B , Evaniew N , Cadotte D
Published: May 2024

Background: Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy (DCM) is the functional derangement of the spinal cord because of compression from degenerate tissues. Typical neurological symptoms of DCM include gait imbalance and upper extremity paresthesia. While it is thought that greater spinal cord compression leads to increased neurological deterioration, our clinical experience suggests a more complex mechanism involving spinal canal diameter (SCD). Methods: 124 MRI scans from 59 non-operative DCM patients underwent manual scoring of cord compression and SCD measurements. Unsupervised machine learning dimensionality reduction techniques and k-means clustering were used to establish patient groups. These patient groups underwent manual inspection of common compression patterns and SCD similarities to define their unique risk criteria. Results: We found that compression pattern is unimportant at SCD extremes (≤14.5 mm or >15.75 mm). Otherwise, stenosis with clear signs of cord compression at two disc levels and stenosis without clear signs of cord compression at two disc levels result in a relatively higher and lower likelihood of deterioration, respectively. We elucidated five patient groups with unique associated risks for neurological deterioration, according to both SCD range and their cord compression pattern. Conclusions: The specific combination of narrow SCD with focal cord compression increases the likelihood of neurological deterioration in non-operative patients with DCM.