bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
轉型社會中醫患關係的觀念格局
Authors: HE Tieqiang
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.轉型社會條件下醫患之間常常充滿了道德困境和失序，但是對於醫患關係的意識狀態缺乏必要的刻畫和描述。本文試圖通過一個常見事例的解析，說明醫患關係在中國傳統文化背景下的特質，尤其是儒家文化的影響。另一方面，西學東漸以來，西方科學精神以及西方倫理制度對中國醫界觀念的作用和影響也有獨特的反映。那麼，其中的優劣互見最終要落實到循著本土的文化邏輯和價值觀衍生具有生機和活力的醫患關係的觀念格局。In describing the situation of physician-patient relationship in current China, some like to characterize it by adopting popular Western concepts, principles and theories. As a result, the concept of "patient rights" has been a cliché in such discussion. While this concept may be important to appeal to in laying out some relevant issues as well as working out proper solutions, it by no means constitutes an exhaustive intellectual and moral network of resources to deal with the Chinese situation regarding the physician-patient relation. Instead, the physician-patient relation in China has been shaped by the moral thought and practice of Confucian tradition in a long history, which continuously informs the interplays between Chinese physicians and patients in current transitional China. Instead of being led by any ideas of patient rights and individual contracts, Chinese physicians, families as well as patients themselves are closely engaged in a value system in which the Confucian virtues and relation models direct medical practice in general and the physician-patient relation in particular. Confucian values and cultural factors , such as "following your moral conscience", "looking for connections in solving difficulties" and "giving a face to a friend" , have been salient in reality. It is difficult to resolve any problems resulting from this practice by appealing to rights and contracts intertwined in Western individualistic culture. Chinese bioethicists, in order to provide feasible and ethical guidance to current Chinese practice, must carefully study the Confucian values and their operating mechanisms in biomedical reality. If they simply expect to sit and relax by introducing modern Western concepts and ideas such as "patient rights" and "contracts" , they will end up without offering any real assistance.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 31 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
器官捐獻的家庭同意原則: 儒家倫理的現代應用
Authors: WANG Mingxu , ZHANG Wen , WANG Xueliang
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.從儒家倫理的視角解讀中國新實施的《人體器官移植條例》，以第8 條中“共同表示同意”為著力點，認為，儒家的家庭倫理不僅深刻地影響者中國人的思維方式和行為方式，而且至今被人們認為是構建家庭倫理的最根本原則，有著廣泛的社會基礎和現實根據。分析了儒家倫理支持器官捐獻的理據，結合案例指出：家庭的知情同意並不違背個人的知情同意；應當在儒家的家庭倫理的基礎上探討這一條例的相關問題，從而幫助完善和實施這一條例，使我國有關人體器官移植和屍體捐獻的立法更加完備，為推動器官移植技術的發展建立更為有效的法律保障機制。並提出在在條例實施過程中還有五個相關問題需要澄清和解決。Organ donation is the gift of an organ to help someone else who needs a transplant. Hundreds of people’s lives are saved each year by organ transplants. Yet the question remains: Who should give the priority in terms of donation procedures - the individual who feels a strong, personal commitment to offer his/her organ or the legal next-of-kin, i.e., the priority order of the family members? This has been greatly debated bioethical issue in China in recent years. Rather than emphasizing the right of individuals to decide what will happen after they die, or removing the burden of making a decision about organ donation from families dealing with the traumatic death of a loved one, the policy of family consent indicates the signif icant role of family in making the decision. That is to say, the consent, or lack of objection, of those closest to the patient is always sought before organs can be donated. The family involvement could avoid discomfort with the process on the one hand, but also cause conf licts when there is a disagreement between the donor and family members on the other.This paper focuses its discussion on the context and impacts of the“ Rules regarding Organ Transplant” implemented in China since 2007. Then, it turns to traditional Confucian ethics to talk about the meaning of life and Confucian concept of family to show that Confucianism would support the idea of organ transplant. To prove the claim, the paper offers two recent examples of organ donation. Organ transplant should be advocated but the rules should be tighten in order to prevent unqualified doctors and profithungry hospitals from abusing patients and organ donors.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 301 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
“ 美人魚”男嬰事件之我見
Authors: SUN Yingmei
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.2006 年底湖南省兒童醫院救治了一名“美人魚”男嬰。儘管醫務人員日夜奮戰，但這個不幸的嬰兒仍然不治夭折，醫院為此付出巨大的代價。本文從儒家觀點出發，就此事件闡述個人見解：不贊成醫院實施原本就希望渺茫的搶救行為，主張為“美人魚”男嬰提供臨終關懷照護直至其安逸、無痛苦地離去，將節省的醫療衞生資源，用於更多能夠治癒患者的有效治療上；針對“中國實際每年的出生缺陷患兒大約有50 萬-60 萬” 1 的嚴酷現實，闡明人與自然和諧相處的必要性與緊迫性。“Mermaid” syndrome is a rare medical condition in which an infant is born with his/her legs fused together from trunk to heels.“ Mermaid” syndrome is almost always fatal within days of birth due to serious defects in vital organs and complications associated with abnormal kidney and bladder development. In 2006 a male baby with a“ mermaid” syndrome was born in the Hunan Provincial Children’s Hospital in central China. Doctors tried to keep the baby alive with all kinds of means, even though the baby had a slim chance to survive. The case gives rise to a heated debate concerning the bioethical issues such as the quality of life, right to life, health disparities, the distribution of medical resources, and the practice of euthanasia.In this paper, I shall discuss the ethical dilemma involved in the case of the“ Mermaid Baby.” I ask the question whether it can be justified to save the life of the little baby, acknowledging that he could die at any time and the quality of his life was low even if he could survive. Some media criticized the hospital for making a scene while other blame that the hospital abused the medical resources that could be better used for saving life of many other babies who badly need medical treatment and have better chances to survive. Meanwhile, I shall turn to traditional moral systems, particularly Confucianism for alternative solutions. The paper concludes that environmental protection is the real issue given that there are about fifty to sixty thousand babies with birth defects every year in China.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 31 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
儒家倫理對構建醫師專業精神的若干啟示
Authors: LI Enchang , XU Yumei , TENG Yue
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.《新世紀的醫師專業精神—醫師宣言》所規定的醫師專業精神的三條原則中，將患者利益放在首位原則和患者自主原則，由於諸多原因而存在著悖論。中國儒家的仁術、德教為先、修身為本、慎獨、推己及人、高度人倫的思想對解決以上悖論有啟發意義：遵循道德形成和醫學技術提高的規律，通過各種學習、強化方法，使醫者真正確立患者利益第一的專業精神和具有精湛的專業技能。從而使醫者成為患者利益的真正代表，能在各種情況下有效保護患者的利益。As a dominant cultural tradition in China, Confucianism has greatly inf luenced the Chinese medical ethics. From the view point of Confucian ethics, medicine is the“ art of benevolence” (renshu ). For a Confucian, Confucianism and medicine share the same principle. The concept of patients-first is deeply rooted in the Confucian ethical system in which the“ virtue of a doctor” (yide ) is a primary concern in medical professionalism. This paper f irst discusses the major three principles of professionalism presented by“ The Declaration of Medical Professionalism in the New Century,” and attempts to deal with the limitations of the Declaration by introducing Confucianism with respect to healthcare professionals and a doctor-patient relationship.The paper explains that the Confucian principle of care for others determines that Confucians take human relationship very seriously in their dealing with the health issue, since they understand that a person’s health is deeply affected by, and in turnaffects, other people. Therefore, the rule of individual autonomy as well as individual right emphasized in the West should not be taken as the only legitimate one in dealing with medical issues. More importantly, that the Confucian physician considers medical practice as benevolent action and thus it is more than medical professionalism.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 89 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
自然觀與中國傳統藥物學的倫理性: 以《山海經》為例
Authors: WANG Xiaolin
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.傳統中國藥物學與飲食行為密切相關，這就是所謂“醫食同源”的來源。而古代服食藥物行為往往伴隨著濃厚的宗教祈禱和原始咒術色彩，二者相輔相成，難解難分，故又有“巫醫不分”的稱謂。然而，在生態保護愈來愈受重視的今天，因“藥”與“食”界限模糊不清而導致大量捕殺和採集“藥物”，已經成為一個不可迴避的社會問題。中國醫學傳統中的藥物學，究竟以怎麼樣的自然觀念為基礎？其面臨的倫理學課題又是什麼？對此，本文擬以漢代文獻《山海經》為例作一簡略考察和分析。Traditional Chinese medical theory holds that medicine and food come from the same source. As means of both preventive remedies and treating disease, medicine and food are categorized according to their “effectiveness,” which in turn connects things with their specific phases in the natural world. The Shanhaijing (the Classic of Mountains and Seas) is largely a fabled geographical and cultural account of pre-Qin China as well as a collection of myths. Through a textual analysis of this ancient text with an emphasis on its account of medicine and food, this essay argues that the practice of medicine in ancient times was often associated with belief systems and religious ritual practices. The author attempts to show that the Chinese view of medicine, including that of Daoism, is largely based on a conception of natural life and the environment that is atheistic and a form of naturalism that is essentially theistic.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 157 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
醫乃仁術: 儒家視野下的醫患關係
Authors: WANG Jue
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.本文首先廓清了“醫乃仁術”在傳統儒家思想脈絡裏的含義，並指出從來源上說，它迥異於西方生命倫理學主流，而採取了一種獨特的“不離人倫，親親為本”的視角。然而這種視角使得“醫乃仁術”總是被一種歧義所困擾：它既是一種行善原則，也是一種未顧及自主性原則的行善原則，家長主義的陰影無處不在。“醫乃仁術”的歧義成為中國生命倫理學建設的最大瓶頸。面對這種困境，本文試圖在現代西方生命倫理學話語實踐之外，另闢蹊徑，借助關懷倫理學和美德倫理學的最近研究成果，闡發“醫乃仁術”的合理內涵。This essay addresses the ethical implications of the physician-patient relationship from the Confucian perspective, which holds that the physician must regard the patient as a family member to treat the patient properly. It is well known that there are two primary approaches to moral authority in contemporary Western medical ethics. One is internal, and assumes that the good inherent to medicine is the source of moral authority in medical activities. The other is external, and denies that the ends and ethics of medicine can be determined by typical medical activities. It holds that medical ethics should be based on general moral principles, such as autonomy and justice. However, the Confucian model seems to be at odds with both of these approaches. On the one hand, Confucians do not think that medicine constitutes a self-contained domain of activity with its own ethics; rather, medicine is seen as a continuum of familial relationships and ethics. On the other hand, Confucians also hold that the physician-patient relationship should follow the example of the flexible relationships among family members rather than the rigid general principles of autonomy and justice.The Western model is aimed at action, whereas the Confucian view focuses on personal affective relations. The greatest problem with the Confucian model is its notorious paternalism; that is, it appears to fail to pay sufficient attention to the potential conflict between patient and physician about the good, ignoring the issue of patient autonomy. In the modern Western tradition, the model of the physician-patient relationship is based on two self-sufficient agents (patient and physician) who are united in pursuing a certain good, where each is the final source of what is good for him- or herself. However, the real physician-patient encounter demands a deeper commitment between the two than this model suggests. When entering a physician-patient relationship, what the patient seeks is care from the physician, not autonomy. That is to say, the patient first of all trusts the physician. To earn that trust, it is not enough that the physician treat the patient based only on the principle of autonomy or what the patient requires. Rather, a deep attachment – analogous to a familial relationship – must be developed that can serve as the basis of the encounter between the patient and physician. The Confucian physician-patient model, which is rooted in such a relationship, does not contrast but rather complements its Western counterpart.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 564 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
再議台灣長期照護政策的性別正義問題與出路
Authors: LEE Shu Chen
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.面對快速高齡化的社會實況，台灣政府於2007年提出“長期照顧十年計劃”作為長期照護政策的依據。但是，該計劃卻未能具體而微地列明關乎性別正義的政策內容，例如：對於照護勞務的提供與分配尚未建立一套合於“性別主流化”要求的體制與實踐。就台灣長期照護政策與其實踐未能彰顯性別正義的現況，本文首先提出台灣社會從政府到家庭以至個體的性別觀點，尚未具備性別正義之充分實踐的因素。本文再進而探討道德與政治之間，為何必須以及應該如何考量性別正義，是合理且可證成的。女性主義者常批判長期照護是對女性的一種不公義的制度。女性主義者中的關懷倫理學家則嘗試以關懷的角度去說明女性之互相倚待性，並以關懷去疏解此中的性別歧視。但關懷倫理學是不能證立家庭在長期照護中的特殊角色和義務。對照於“性別主流化”的時代要求，本文認為孔孟的仁義思想實能就道德規範根源回應政治原則的合理性問題。儒家以家庭為倫理實踐的起點，家庭成員對長期照護有一自然的承擔義務而不必是性別歧視的。為確立本文觀點，進一步論述儒家“各盡其性分”的原則在道德與政治的面向之間，如何能於政策規範之內涵與實踐上回應政府、家庭以及個體合於性別正義的要求，並且有所殊勝於主張關懷倫理的女性主義之論說。Facing the ever increasing pace of ageing in society, the Taiwanese government proposed a “Ten-year Plan for Long-term Care” in 2007 as the basis of its long-term care policy. However, the plan clearly does not pay attention to the issue of gender justice in Taiwanese society. For example, the supply and distribution of care-giving labor as determined in the plan does not establish a system and practice that would conform to mainstream Taiwanese thought on gender issues. Feminists are keen to criticize that the long-term care of the elderly has been a burden and an indication of gender injustice in treating women. Care ethicists try to indicate the interdependence of family members and propose a fair share of the care burden between the sexes. However, they fail to offer an adequate justification for the share of the burden among family members or a proper account of the special role of the family in long-term care.In this essay I first explore the main factors that explain why the long-term care policy and practice are unable to achieve gender justice from the perspectives of the government, the family and the individual. I then argue that it is morally and politically reasonable to develop policy concerning gender justice. From the Confucian viewpoint, the family is the core of human life and the starting point of individual moral practice and family flourishing. The family is the basic unit that could offer a suitable ground for a proper public policy to enhance the quality of long-term care without gender discrimination. I argue that Confucius and Mencius’ ideas of Jen (benevolence) and Yi (righteousness) provide the moral foundation for a proper response to the demand for gender justice in government policy. To illustrate this point, I elaborate how the Confucian principle of the “utmost fulfillment of each being’s mandate” could be applied to the policy and action of the government, the family and individuals to accomplish gender justice. I conclude that this Confucian principle is better than the feminist care ethic in directing the formulation of a proper long-term care policy.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 250 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
技術生命的“道”“用”之思
Authors: WANG Jianguang
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.隨著現代科學技術的發展，生命技術已經將人與技術的傳統物化關係和對象化的二元關係變成了一種“技術人”的關係。這種技術人一方面豐富了傳統的“人”的生物學屬性，另一方面也挑戰著人的社會角色和道德的主體屬性。生命的傳統價值內涵及其歷史主體性地位也因之受到弱化、虛化或被改寫。這不僅影響到人的生存方式，而且道德行為的虛幻化也侵蝕了人的責任和義務的道德基石，模糊了人的法律責任和道德自律性。在此基礎上，使人應當承擔的道義責任變成了一種可以進行技術性解讀的智識化命題。這種因技術而改寫的生命形象也挑戰著傳統的應用倫理原則。中國生命倫理學的建設，不應脫離中國歷史文化的語境和社會現實，並在此基礎上對現代生命技術和技術生命的倫理內涵進行創造性的解讀。它要反映中國文化在新的技術作用下對“人”的內涵進行的一種倫理模式的檢討。這種解讀也應當重視那種從當下的“百姓日用”的角度進行的道用之思。這種道用之思不僅要堅持道用一致、體用相即的原則，更是要植根於中國文化的人生觀、價值觀中，以體現出對現代技術與人的關係的倫理把握。在某種意義上，人類社會倫理的發展史就是不斷地否定和放棄一些舊道德而接受和適應新道德及其標準的過程。因此，中國生命倫理學的建構也就必須重視生命倫理內涵和標準的發展性。Biotechnology is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in areas such as engineering, technology, and medicine. This paper discusses the relationship between the Dao (i.e., the essence) of biotechnology and the function of biotechnology. In describing the situation in China today with regard to the exploration and development of biotechnology, this paper explicates the necessity of paying attention to the ethical implications and moral principles of science and technology. It is the author’s contention that we must put “humanity” and “human flourishing” (i.e., the common good of the Dao) first before we talk about the utility of science and technology. As China tries to catch up with the world in biotechnological technology such as stem cell research, xenotransplantation, regenerative medicine, and the use of genetically modified organisms, we need to be careful not to overstep our ethical boundaries.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 49 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
從莊子生命哲學到生命倫理學四原則的互補整合
Authors: LIU Yunzhang , ZHAO Jinping , XIE Jia
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.構建中國生命倫理學基本原則所秉持的根本方法應是整合。筆者認為，莊子的生命哲學思想與比徹姆 (Tom L. Beauchamp) 和丘卓斯(James F. Childress) 的生命倫理四原則從不同的角度，為這種整合提供了理論資源。莊子的生命哲學內涵豐富，關注生命本身、關注生命的平等和關注生命存在的本真價值與意義；秉持生是適時，死是順應的自然主義生死觀；追求超越世俗的自由“逍遙”的生存狀態；重視“養生”、“可以盡年”，實踐無慾無為的養生觀；主張“以天地為棺槨”，反對“厚葬”的陋習等等，這些都具有積極意義。這些思想歸結起來就是要“和諧”。和諧是自然萬物的存在秩序，是人的身心健康的根本保障，也是我們在構建中國生命倫理學基本原則時所需要把握的核心價值。而比徹姆和丘卓斯的生命倫理四原則從醫療衞生事業的發展與醫療實踐的角度為我們提供了更清晰、更明確去解決生命倫理問題的原則指導。在此基礎上構建起來的中國生命倫理學基本原則是以“和諧”為中心的體現，在多領域中的原則總體，包括人與自然領域的“和諧生態”原則、人與社會領域的“和諧社會”原則、人與自身領域的“和諧人格”原則、人與醫學領域的“和諧醫學”原則等。運用這些基本原則指導人們的現實倫理生活，規範、分析和解決人們現實生活中存在的種種生命倫理問題，推進社會文明的進步與人類自我價值的提升。The four-principles approach to bioethics developed by Beauchamp and Childress in Principles of Biomedical Ethics is no doubt the most well known and influential example in the West of principle-based approaches to resolve ethical issues. The four principles are autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. This essay explores whether the four principles can be considered a universal core of morality that can be used in China to deal with current bioethical issues. It argues that although the four principles provide general guidelines, their implementation is much more complex. This essay attempts to show that Daoist thought, particularly Zhuangzi’s philosophy of life and death, conveys a certain sense of bioethics and carries profound moral implications that can overcome some of the limitations of principle-based ethics. The synthesis of the two traditions may help contemporary China to deal with various kinds of moral dilemmas. The Daoist notion of the interconnection among human beings and between human beings and nature challenges the Western idea of individualism and individual autonomy.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 553 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
中國生命倫理學建構問題探論: 基於歷史與邏輯統一的視角
Authors: BIAN Lin
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.任何事物的邏輯體系的構建必須與這個事物的實際發展過程和人類對它的認識過程相統一，才可能是正確的和合理的。所以歷史與邏輯的統一是考察具有哲學特性的生命倫理學學科建構的重要認識視角和方法根據。換言之，中國生命倫理學的形成與發展本質上應該是歷史與邏輯的統一。由於特定歷史階段的中國社會現實思想和人文環境的原因，中國大陸的生命倫理學在其形成階段就存在先天的缺陷，而在其發展過程中又因為先天缺陷沒有得到矯正而導致自身邏輯演化過程的某些失常，在當代中國社會轉型和科學技術快速發展引發生命倫理問題層出不窮的現實面前，中國應當構建具有自身傳統文化基礎和形而上學、真正屬於中國自己的生命倫理學。中國生命倫理學的進步，要在與哲學、與醫學和與社會三方面的對話能力的提升中實現。The rational logic of a thing is inevitably a reconstruction of its actual developing process in light of human understanding. That is to say, it is reasonable to investigate the circumstances and characteristics of a subject of matter from the perspective of the unity of its history and logic. Bioethics, a popular discipline in contemporary society, is no exception. This essay examines the shaping and development process of Chinese bioethics in the last thirty years.Western bioethics was launched in the United States in the early 1970s. The development of Western bioethics reflects reasonable Western religious, moral, and social reactions to changing bioemedical realities in Western society. In other words, Western bioethics embodies a unity of history and logic in the West. However, this is not the case for Chinese bioethics. When Western bioethics was introduced to China in the late 1970s, it was adopted as a fashionable reaction to new biomedical technologies and their divorce from Western religion, culture, and ethics as a system of values. This was partly because there were political and ideological restrictions in China at that time, and partly because Chinese scholars lacked a comprehensive understanding of Western history and culture. Initially then, the Chinese had a very limited understanding of Western bioethics.This defect has not been effectively overcome through the development of Chinese bioethics in the past thirty years. First, Chinese scholars have continued to introduce and discuss issues addressed in Western bioethics, and yet have ignored the biomedical and health care challenges confronting China. In analyzing Chinese issues, they have tended to copy Western bioethical theories, doctrines, and principles (especially the famous four principles proposed by Beauchamp and Childress), and to apply to them as norms. It seems that they have forgotten that China has long-standing moral traditions that are still pertinent to people’s lives in general, and to bioethical issues in particular. Fortunately, increasing numbers of Chinese scholars have recognized that a legitimate Chinese bioethics requires a reasonable reconstruction of Chinese metaphysical and ethical conceptions for dealing with contemporary Chinese problems. This is the only way to build a Chinese bioethics in its true sense of the unity of history and logic.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 75 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
On the existence of a periodic solution of the Lienard system
Authors: Ignatyev Alexander
Published: March 2021

The Li\'{e}nard system $\frac{dx}{dt}=y,\ \frac{dy}{dt}=-f(x)y-g(x)$ is considered. Under some assumptions on functions $f(x)$ and $g(x)$, we prove the existence of a periodic solution of this system.
caracterización fonológica del grupo mixteco: 70 años de descripciones segmentales
Authors: Rueda Chaves Jonh Edinson
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo expone las descripciones hechas para 25 variedades mixtecas en el nivel segmental. Se retoman 70 años de investigaciones sobre el funcionamiento de las gramáticas de diversas lenguas mixtecas, desde que tuvo lugar la tradición descriptiva iniciada por Pike (1944). En ese sentido, el texto tiene el objetivo de describir la complejidad fonológica de las lenguas del subgrupo a partir de la revisión de sus inventarios y el modelamiento de sus procesos fonológicos desde la perspectiva Autosegmental jerárquica de Clements & Hume (1995). De esta forma, es posible entrever propiedades y patrones fónicos generales y específicos entre las distintas variedades de mixteco a partir de la afectación de nodos en la geometría.
De la donna angelicata a la amante ocasional en la poesía de Benítez Reyes
Authors: López Martínez María Isabel
Published: March 2021

El artículo estudia la transformación de los códigos amorosos y expresivos que realiza Felipe Benítez Reyes en la primera etapa de su poesía. El poeta reinterpreta a Petrarca y a los escritores clásicos europeos, modificando la imagen de la mujer y su representación en el poema. El retrato femenino individual se convierte en un retrato colectivo de mujeres de la década de los 80 del siglo XX.
Francesca De Cesare y Maria Alessandra Giovannini (eds.), Lenguajes de la política. Más allá de las palabras, Nápoles, UniorPress/ Università degli studi di Napoli ‘L’Orientale’, 2019, 296 pp.
Authors: Di Paolo Marilcia
Published: March 2021

Revisión del libro Lenguajes de la política. Más allá de las palabras de F. De Cesare y M. A. Giovannini (eds.)
As estampas xilográficas como disparadoras de desdobramentos dialógicos disruptivos da tradição gráfica
Authors: Favero Sandra Maria Correia
Published: March 2021

A presente escrita tem por objetivo discorrer sobre o meu processo de criação abordando trabalhos que partiram da gravação e da impressão de cinco matrizes xilográficas e seus desdobramentos. Para levantar problematizações e provocar reflexões acerca do pensamento gráfico e da técnica no contexto contemporâneo das poéticas visuais, busco suporte no autor Marco Buti. A autora Cecília Almeida Salles contribui nas questões que levanto a respeito do processo de criação artística. O artista Waltércio Caldas é minha referência no que se refere à problemática da relação artista e obra. O teórico Paulo Silveira contribui com sua definição sobre livro de artista. O percurso experimental com as matrizes, bem como com as estampas delas extraídas, gerou trabalhos que extrapolam a bidimensionalidade tradicional no processo gráfico, chegando à tridimensionalidade por meio de livros de artista e de colagens de lâminas recortadas de estampas descartadas das referidas matrizes. O depoimento é fomentado por impulsos experimentais atiçados pela vontade e pelo movimento levados a transformações.
PERLAKUAN AKUNTANSI UNTUK SISA BAHAN BAKU (STUDI KASUS PTPN I UNIT PKS TANJUNG SEUMANTOH ACEH TAMIANG)
Authors: Nurdiansyah Muhammad , Afrinandra Cut
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research is to know how the accounting treatment for the scrap materials at PTPN 1 unit PKS Tanjung Seumantoh Aceh Tamiang. The scrap material from the palm oil production process at PTPN 1 unit PKS Tanjung Seumantoh Aceh Tamiang are in the form of palm shells and fiber. The type of this research is qualitative research with descriptive analysis method. The result of shows that the scrap  material for palm kernel shells was recognized as other income and presented in the company’s income statement, while fiber was used as boiler fuel as well as a reduction in manufacturing overhead costs
PENGARUH KEMAKMURAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH, UKURAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH, DAN TINGKAT KETERGANTUNGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROVINSI ACEH
Authors: Aulia Rafika , Rahmawaty Rahmawaty
Published: March 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of regional government prosperity, local government size, and regional dependency level government on the financial performance of districts/city governments in Aceh Province. The population of this research is all districts and cities in Aceh Province, that as many as 23 districts/city in 2014-2018. This study uses secondary data with data collection techniques documentation methods. Statistical tests are performed with multiple linear regression analysis using  SPSS program version 23. The result of the research shown that the regional government prosperity and local government size affect the financial performance of local governments while the regional dependency level government has no effect on the financial performance of local governments.
Proceedings From The 11th Annual University Of Calgary Leaders In Medicine Research Symposium
Authors: Schubert Courtney L. , Tjong Jessica , Ewanchuk Benjamin W. , Moore Robert T. , Hollenberg Morley D. , Rabi Doreen M.
Published: March 2021

On November 8th, 2019, the Cumming School of Medicine at the University of Calgary hosted the 11th annual Leaders in Medicine (LIM) Research Symposium. Dr. Donald A. Redelmeier, Professor at the University of Toronto and Canada Research Chair in Medical Decision Sciences, served as the keynote speaker with a talk entitled “Pitfalls of Reasoning and Clinical Medicine”. In addition, there were five oral and 64 poster presentations. These presentations covered topics ranging from health promotion to neuroimaging. The event celebrated the continuing success and diversity of the LIM program and the training of clinician-scientists at the University of Calgary.
Assessment Of Ratio Of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate To Vital Capacity For Identifying Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Lok Stacey D. , Cockcroft Donald W. , Simidchiev Alexander
Published: March 2021

Background: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is associated with reduction in vital capacity (VC) and increase in expiratory flow rates, including peak expiratory flow (PEF). Full pulmonary function testing and computed tomography chest scans are limited resources in some geographic areas and a simple and sensitive screening test would be of value. We hypothesized that increase in the ratio of % predicted PEF over % predicted VC (%PEF/%VC), from spirometry alone might be sensitive to screen for pulmonary fibrosis.

Methods: The %PEF/%VC from 1,000 consecutive spirometric flow volume curves was nearly normally distributed: 7.5% (approximately 1.5 standard deviations) had a ratio ≥ 1.4. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of this cut point for a diagnosis of PF in a retrospective chart review of 391 patients with good quality spirometry and respirologists’ confirmed diagnoses.

Results: Of the 391 patients analyzed, 98 had PF, 79 were normal, 70 had a combined obstructive and restrictive processes, 57 had obstructive lung disease, 61 had extra-parenchymal restriction and 26 had non-fibrotic interstitial lung disease. A %PEF/%VC ≥ 1.4 was only 54.1% sensitive in predicting PF, however it had a specificity of 94.9%. There was a 95.1% specificity for ruling in intra-parenchymal opposed to extra-parenchymal restriction.

Conclusion: A %PEF/%VC ≥ 1.4 was not sensitive enough to screen for PF but did demonstrate high specificity and thus may be helpful in identifying intraparenchymal restriction.
The Covid-19 Pandemic Has Exposed Opportunities To Strengthen Our Health Research Systems
Authors: Holmes Bev J. , MacKenzie Alex , McManus Bruce , Angel Aubie Angel
Published: March 2021

Professor Sir Mark Walport, FRS, FMed Sci, FRCP, physicianscientist, academic leader and visionary health research planner, was the recipient of the 2020 Henry G. Friesen International Prize in Health Research. He is a former Chief Executive, UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) and UK government’s Chief Scientific Advisor. He continues to be a champion of fundamental science in health research, engineering, technology and innovation, and is a major spokesperson on COVID-19 pandemic trends at the global level.
Factors Affecting Satisfaction on the Quality of Tourism Services at Flamingo Dai Lai Resort
Authors: Thi Mai Huong Nguyen , Quyen Bui Thi
Published: March 2021

Determining the degree of influence of factors on tourism service quality is a useful tool for managers in strategic planning, planning tourism development. This study uses a questionnaire designed from the results of previous studies, surveying 117 customers who have stayed at Flamingo Dai Lai Resort to find out factors that affect the satisfaction of customers to the quality of tourism services of this resort. Regression analysis results show that there are 3 factors affecting the satisfaction of customers who have used the service here: Weather, climate, environment (Ecological environment); Staff behavior; Quality of infrastructure. The remaining factors are not enough to conclude a linear relationship with the satisfaction of customers who have come to this resort.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СОРБЕНТІВ НА ОСНОВІ МАГНЕТИТУ ДЛЯ ОЧИЩЕННЯ ВОДИ ВІД ІОНІВ ВАЖКИХ МЕТАЛІВ
Authors: Trus Inna , Gomelya Nikolai , Krysenko Tamara , Senkova Katerina
Published: March 2021

Актуальність теми дослідження. Проблема засолення води є дуже поширеною через природні та антропогенні фактори, а найбільше страждають промислові регіони. Тому пріоритетним напрямом є розробка маловідходних технологій очищення води від іонів важких металів. Постановка проблеми. Внаслідок різноманітних промислових процесів відбувається надходження важких металів до водних екосистем. Надходження цих полютантів до поверхневих та підземних вод стало проблемою України протягом останніх кількох десятиліть. Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій. Були розглянуті останні публікації у відкритому доступі, включаючи літературу про основні методи очищення води від іонів важких металів. Виділення недосліджених частин загальної проблеми. Інформація про ефективність сорбційного очищення та доочищення природних вод. Постановка завдання. У роботі представлені результати дослідження процесів сорбційного очищення води від іонів важких металів. Як сорбент використовували зразки магнетиту, отримані при співвідношенні концентрацій іонів заліза (ІІ) і заліза (ІІІ) 1:2; 1:1 і 2:1, та зразки модифіковані сульфідом натрію. Виклад основного матеріалу. Показано, що сорбційна ємність магнетиту по іонах важких металів зростає при збільшенні співвідношення [Fe2+] / [Fe3+] від 1:2 до 2:1. Досліджено вплив рН середовища на ефективність сор
бції іонів важких металів на магнетиті. Показано, що сорбційна ємність магнетиту зростає при збільшенні рН середовища, що зумовлено частковим гідролізом іонів важких металів. Висновки відповідно до статті. Сорбційні технології мають високу ефективність і можуть використовуватись на
різних етапах очищення води. Підвищення сорбційної ємності магнетиту відбувається при модифікуванні його гуанідином, тіосемікарбазідом і сульфідом натрію, що дозволяє зменшити залишкові концентрації важких металів до мкг/дм3.
Representaciones de deidades ofídicas en los enterramientos privados de las necrópolis tebanas durante el Reino Nuevo: evidencia gráfica de las diosas Renenutet y Meretseger
Authors:   Universidad de Alcalá (España), Arranz Cárcamo Marta
Published: March 2021

During the New Kingdom, the graphic recurrence of the goddesses characterized by the snake form was a patent fact in the iconographic programs developed within the funeral spaces of the elite. From the study of its iconography, it is possible to access the areas of religiosity and thought in which these entities were present. With the aim of understanding various aspects related to them, such as the pictorial context, their nature and significance or the validity of their existence and veneration, the different iconographical samples in which these goddesses were represented have been analysed. In this context, the iconography specifically analysed has treated the images of the goddesses Meretseger and Renenutet
La representación de la danza en las tumbas tebanas privadas del Reino Nuevo egipcio
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España), Bueno Guardia Miriam
Published: March 2021

The representations of dance in the private Theban tombs of the Egyptian New Kingdom (1550-1070 BC) can be categorized into three different groups: the first one would be that of dance within banquet scenes; the second one, that of dance performances within funeral processions; and the third one would include other dance scenes that cannot be classified within the previous groups. The first two have very defined characteristics that have been understood thanks to the comparison of the scenes. However, the third group is not homogeneous, although certain representations can be related to each other, with those of the other groups or with scenes found in other places, such as temples. This paper aims to summarize these representations, and analyse their main characteristics, by their comparison, to know their identification and symbology (related to Egyptian religious and funerary belief) and thus, understand the important role of dance in the Egyptian New Kingdom
El hrw nfr en la literatura ramésida: algunas notas para su interpretación
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de La Plata (Argentina), Castro María Belén
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to analyze the attestations of the “beautiful day” (hrw nfr) in literary texts of the Ramesside period, which are written in the late Egyptian language, in order to develop their understanding framed by their historical and cultural context of production. Attention will be focused on the examination of the expression in the stories of The Two Brothers (Papyrus d’Orbiney), The Doomed Prince (Papyrus Harris 500) and The Contendings of Horus and Seth (Papyrus Chester Beatty I), with the general purpose of exploring the sense of their incorporation into the plots, as well as the narrative effects. Furthermore, characters and features involved in the “beautiful day” situation will be singled out. It is also expected to reflect on the comparison with other discourses, such as the funerary one.
Retorno a lo múltiple. Metodología y análisis del programa iconográfico de la segunda sala hipóstila del templo de Seti I en Abidos
Authors:   Universidad Complutense (España), Fernanz Yagüe María Cruz
Published: March 2021

The set of scenes present in the second hypostyle hall of the temple of Sety I in Abydos allows us to carry out a study of its reliefs in order to approach the meaning of the attitudes, attributes, vestments, crowns and rituals, both of the king and the gods. To this end, the hall has been divided into sections, and its 323 scenes have been subjected to a meticulous analysis, and also for a deconstruction of its constituent parts. All this has permitted us to establish an interrelationship between all of them, and the results allow for a deeper interpretation of the repertoire to levels not described previously
El despertar de la “Bella Durmiente”: pasado, presente y futuro de la Sala Egipcia del Museo Provincial Emilio Bacardí Moreau, Santiago de Cuba
Authors: González Mercedes , Begerock Anna María , Leonard Yusmary , Faltings Dina ,   University of Heidelberg (Alemania)
Published: March 2021

The Egyptian collection of the Emilio Bacardí Moreau Provincial Museum, in the city of Santiago de Cuba, comprises a variety of objects brought from Egypt in 1912 by its founder, Emilio Bacardí Moreau. The only Egyptian human mummy in Cuba is exhibited next to the lid of an anthropomorphic coffin and the wooden base of another coffin. Additionally, many small objects like shabti figures, scarabs, a stela, coffin fragments and amulets are present. As Bacardí was not an Egyptologist, he also acquired quite a lot of counterfeits; besides, many of the exhibited objects are not properly labelled regarding their dating, context and function. Furthermore, the display lacks an adequate conservation system and a correct museography based on current international standards, concerning the exhibition of human remains. As part of the Cuban Mummy Project—a collaboration between the National Council of Cultural Heritage of Cuba (CNPC) and the Institute of Scientific Studies on Mummies of Madrid (IECIM)—and in cooperation with the Heidelberg Centre for Cultural Heritage (HCCH) of the University of Heidelberg (Germany), the correct cataloguing of all Egyptian artefacts is being undertaken, together with their appropriate display in a new exhibition layout.
Realignments of Memory: Legitimacy of the Egyptian Past in the Prophecies of Neferty
Authors:   Universidade Federal da Paraiba (Brasil), Braga Gurgel Victor
Published: March 2021

The Prophecies of Neferty, whose sole complete copy is preserved on Papyrus Hermitage 1116B recto, has a narrative frame situated during Sneferu’s reign. A great part of it describes the time of chaos (isft) during the First Intermediate Period, with order (mAat) finally being redeployed by Amenemhet I. Considering the above, in this paper we aim to comprehend the ways maet is used to construct an idealized image of the past in Neferty. In order to pursue these tasks, we define our theoretical approaches to “ancient Egyptian literature”, as well as a brief introduction to cultural memory, according to Jan Assmann, settling its connection with Neferty. Subsequently, we give a description of the source, discussing the dating of the text, along with its content. Finally, we proceed with content analysis of the text, focusing on maet and its relation to the pharaoh and an ideal vision of the past.
Dos falsificaciones ramésidas y una propuesta de clasificación tipológica de las piezas dudosas
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (España), Jaramago Miguel
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper is to publish the research carried out on two pieces housed in public collections in Madrid, Museo Arqueológico Nacional de Madrid and Museo Cerralbo respectively. The two objects came to Spain in the second half of the 19th century through private collectors. One of them carries a cartouche of the pharaoh Ramesses I, while the other displays a form of the praenomen of king Sethi I. We think that neither of them was created in ancient Egypt, but the skilled artists who made them were inspired by ancient prototypes and ultimately contributed to the diffusion of a late form of Egyptomania reserved for a small circle of 19th century high society of Madrid. At the beginning, we will try to establish a basic typological distinction of the Egyptian materials that arrive at any museum (discarding those that proceed directly from an excavation), classifying them into ten groups mainly according to their greater or lesser degree of authenticity
A iconografia de Petosíris no túmulo de Tuna el-Guebel
Authors:   Universidade Aberta (Portugal), Sales José das Candeias
Published: March 2021

From an artistic and architectonic perspective, the luxurious tomb of Petosiris, at Tuna el-Gebel is one of the most interesting monuments from the beginning of the Ptolemaic period. The tomb was built and decorated by the high priest of Thoth at the end of his life, in Hermopolis, probably circa 300 BC, and it expresses the characteristic cultural-artistic juxtaposition, a feature of Hellenism. For the first time, we see emerging in an Egyptian monument (in this case, a tomb) a decorative grammar with other style and technique influences, different from everything that had been seen before in Egyptian art. The bas-reliefs in the facade, in the pronaos and in the naos of the tomb, present the biography of Petosiris, or his auto-presentation in visual form, expressed in dual style. In a deliberated convergence and conciliation of traditions, we see an iconographic treatment that borrows both from the pharaonic and the Greek style. In this text, we will address the various iconographic representations of Petosiris in his tomb, at Tuna el-Gebel, aiming to understand its typology, functions and distribution among the three rooms of the building
Investigation of the Development of Localized Disturbances in the Boundary Layer of a Flat Plate under Conditions of Moderate Degree of the Incoming Flow Turbulence behind the Surface Step
Authors: Sadovsky Ivan A. , Katasonov Mikhail M , Pavlenko Alexander M.
Published: March 2021

In a wind tunnel on a flat plate in a separated flow behind a rectangular step, the emergence and development of localized disturbances generated by low-frequency impulse deviations of the local surface section under conditions of low and moderate degrees of the incoming flow turbulence is studied. The results were obtained by hot-wire anemometry at low subsonic flow velocity. It was found that impulse deviations of the wall generate disturbances, which are socalled Streaky structures and wave packets of oscillations. The separation of the laminar boundary layer accelerates the growth of wave packets with subsequent turbulization of the near-wall flow. The specific features of the behavior of localized disturbances under conditions of moderate degree of free-stream turbulence are revealed.
Efficient Vector Partitioning Algorithms for Graph Clustering
Authors: Shiokawa Hiroaki , Futamura Yasunori
Published: March 2021

This paper addressed the problem of finding clusters included in graph-structured data such as Web graphs, social networks, and others. Graph clustering is one of the fundamental techniques for understanding structures present in the complex graphs such as Web pages, social networks, and others. In the Web and data mining communities, the modularity-based graph clustering algorithm is successfully used in many applications. However, it is difficult for the modularity-based methods to find fine-grained clusters hidden in large-scale graphs; the methods fail to reproduce the ground truth. In this paper, we present a novel modularity-based algorithm, \textit{CAV}, that shows better clustering results than the traditional algorithm. The proposed algorithm employs a cohesiveness-aware vector partitioning into the graph spectral analysis to improve the clustering accuracy. Additionally, this paper also presents a novel efficient algorithm \textit{P-CAV} for further improving the clustering speed of CAV; P-CAV is an extension of CAV that utilizes the thread-based parallelization on a many-core CPU. Our extensive experiments on synthetic and public datasets demonstrate the performance superiority of our approaches over the state-of-the-art approaches.
An Empirical Investigation of the Regulatory and Non-Regulatory Challenges of the UK Islamic Retail Banking
Authors:   School of Finance and Accounting, University of Westminster, London, UK, Benamraoui Abdelhafid , Boukrami Elias ,   Regent’s University London, London, UK, Dafgard Carl ,   Strategic Sourcing Manager at Gunnar Dafgard AB, Sweden, Karbhari Yusuf ,   Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
Published: March 2021

The paper examines the regulatory and non-regulatory challenges facing the growth of Islamic retail banking in the UK. Our analyses reveal that policy-makers and regulators in the UK have taken many actions to encourage the growth of Islamic finance. However, despite the suitable regulatory environment, UK Islamic retail banks have so far failed to convince consumers of the credibility of their services due to the questionable structure of their products. Intriguingly, the current system of Shar¯ı‘ah assurance is perceived to have several weaknesses which could perhaps lead to ambiguity, confusion and loss of credibility in the eyes of consumers. Our findings also reveal several key religio-ethical considerations. In particular, we highlight that the future of UK Islamic retail banking is bleak unless these issues are urgently tackled by creating a more transparent Islamic banking system and improving the current structure of Shar¯ı‘ah-compliant products to preserve the expected ethical and societal legitimacy of Islamic banks.
Efficiency Analysis of Mud. arabah ¯ and Leasing Firms in Pakistan
Authors:   Department of Business Administration, University of South Asia, Lahore, Pakistan, Ali Asghar Muhammad Jam e Kausar , Khan Abdul Zahid ,   Faculty of Management Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Mirza Hammad Hassan ,   Noon Business School, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan, Khan Tariq Iqbal ,   Department of Management Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan, Khan Muhammad Munir ,   Cardiff Metropolitan University, Wales, UK
Published: March 2021

Leasing firms consider the conventional interest-based method whereas, the mud. ¯arabah firms consider the Shar¯ı‘ah-based non-interest-based method to operate in the financial market. The role of both these Financial Institutions (FIs) is of much importance for the sustainable development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). While comparing mud. ¯arabah firms and conventional leasing firms, in the first stage, the current paper has computed Technical Efficiency (TE), Pure Technical Efficiency (PTE), and Scale Efficiency (SE) of mud. ¯arabah and leasing firms. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is applied by following a value-added approach. Equity, liabilities, fixed assets, Operating expenses and are selected as input variables whereas, income and investments are selected as output variables. The results suggest that Shar¯ı‘ah-compliant mud. ¯arabah firms are competing well with conventional leasing firms. It indicates that there is no major difference in the efficiency of both FIs. In the second stage, the study also analyzes the association of firm-specific factors with efficiency with the help of the Tobit regression model which suggests that leverage, tangibility, operating expenses, and profitability of the firm are significantly related to the efficiency of both Financial Institutions.