bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lipid-Lowering Therapy after Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Pogran Edita , Burger Achim Leo , Zweiker David , Kaufmann Christoph Clemens , Muthspiel Marie , Rega-Kaun Gersina , Wenkstetten-Holub Alfa , Wojta Johann , Drexel Heinz , Huber Kurt
Published: April 2024

Achieving guideline-recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets remains a significant challenge in clinical practice. This review assesses the barriers to reaching LDL-C goals and explores the potential solutions to these issues. When aiming for the recommended LDL-C goal, strategies like “lower is better” and “strike early and strong” should be used. The evidence supports the safety and efficacy of intensive lipid-lowering therapy post-acute coronary syndrome (ACS), leading to improved long-term cardiovascular health and atherosclerotic plaque stabilization. Despite the availability of effective lipid-lowering therapies, such as high-intensity statins, ezetimibe, the combination of both, bempedoic acid, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, a substantial proportion of patients do not meet their LDL-C targets. Contributing factors include systemic healthcare barriers, healthcare provider inertia, patient non-adherence, and statin intolerance. Statin intolerance, often rather statin reluctance, is a notable obstacle due to perceived or expected side effects, which can lead to discontinuation of therapy. In conclusion, while there are obstacles to achieving optimal LDL-C levels post-ACS, these can be overcome with a combination of patient-centric approaches, clinical vigilance, and the judicious use of available therapies. The safety and necessity of reaching lower LDL-C goals to improve outcomes in patients post-ACS are well-supported by current evidence.
Alteration of the Expression and Functional Activities of Myosin II Isoforms in Enlarged Hyperplastic Prostates
Authors: Wang Xiao , He Weixiang , Chen Hui , Yang Rui , Su Hongmei , DiSanto Michael E. , Zhang Xinhua
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common pathologic process in aging men, and the contraction of the prostatic smooth muscles (SMs) in the stroma plays a vital role in this pathogenesis, leading to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs). The isoforms of both the SM myosin (SMM) and non-muscle myosin (NMM) are associated with the contraction type of the prostatic SMs, but the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Methods: We collected prostate tissues from 30 BPH patients receiving surgical treatments, and normal human prostate samples were obtained from 12 brain-dead men. A testosterone-induced (T-induced) rat model was built, and the epithelial hyperplastic prostates were harvested. Competitive RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of SMM isoforms. We investigated the contractility of human prostate strips in vitro in an organ bath. Results: The results regarding the comparisons of SMM isoforms varied between rat models and human samples. In comparison with T-induced rats and controls, competitive RT-PCR failed to show any statistically significant difference regarding the compositions of SMM isoforms. For human prostates samples, BPH patients expressed more SM-1 isoforms (66.8% vs. 60.0%, p < 0.001) and myosin light chain-17b (MLC17b) (35.9% vs. 28.5%, p < 0.05) when compared to young donors. There was a significant decrease in prostate myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression in BPH patients, with a 66.4% decrease in MHC at the mRNA level and a 51.2% decrease at the protein level. The upregulated expression of non-muscle myosin heavy chain-B (NMMHC-B) was 1.6-fold at the mRNA level and 2.1-fold at the protein level. The organ bath study showed that isolated prostate strips from BPH patients produced slower tonic contraction compared to normal humans. Conclusion: In this study, we claim that in the enlarged prostates of patients undergoing surgeries, MHC expression significantly decreased compared to normal tissues, with elevated levels of SM-1, MLC17b, and NMMHC-B isoforms. Modifications in SMM and NMM might play a role in the tonic contractile properties of prostatic SMs and the development of LUTS/BPH. Understanding this mechanism might provide insights into the origins of LUTS/BPH and facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
A Corpus-Based Study on Orthographic Errors of Russian Heritage Learners and Their Implications for Linguistic Research and Language Teaching
Authors: Kisselev Olesya , Dubinina Irina , Paquette Galina
Published: April 2024

The challenges faced by heritage language (HL) learners in mastering spelling and orthography are well-documented. Despite these documented difficulties, this aspect of HL linguistic knowledge has received limited attention from HL researchers. Beyond instructional implications, the study of spelling and orthography in HL speakers holds significance to building a finer understanding of the nature of heritage languages, since the development of orthographic skills is intricately linked to the knowledge of phonology and morphology as well as to metalinguistic awareness in these two areas. The study presented in this paper attempts to contribute to this area of research by turning its attention to orthographic skills of Russian heritage learners with English as their dominant language. The corpus-based research presented here categorizes orthographic errors in adjectival endings in hand-written essays produced by college-age HL learners of Russian of various writing proficiency levels and attempts to provide preliminary explanations for the source of these errors. While this paper is exploratory in nature and limited in scope by focusing only on adjectival endings, our results emphasize the need for further exploration in this underrepresented area to enhance our understanding of heritage language development and improve instructional strategies.
Effect of Ti Doping on the Microstructure and Properties of SiCp/Al Composites by Pressureless Infiltration
Authors: Feng Ruijie , Wu Haibo , Liu Huan , Yang Yitian , Pei Bingbing , Han Jianshen , Liu Zehua , Wu Xishi , Huang Zhengren
Published: April 2024

The effects of Ti doping on the microstructure and properties of SiCp/Al composites fabricated by pressureless infiltration were comprehensively investigated using first-principles calculations and experimental analyses. First-principles calculations revealed that the interface wetting and bonding strength in an Al/SiC system could be significantly enhanced by Ti doping. Subsequently, the Ti element was incorporated into SiC preforms in the form of TiO2 and TiC to verify the influence of Ti doping on the pressureless infiltration performance of SiCp/Al composites. The experimental results demonstrated that the pressureless infiltration of molten Al into SiC preforms was promoted by adding TiC or TiO2 due to the improved wettability. However, incorporating TiO2 leads to the growth of AlN whiskers under a N2 atmosphere, thereby hindering the complete densification of the composites. On the other hand, TiC doping can improve wettability and interface strength without deleterious reactions. As a consequence, the TiC-doped SiCp/Al composites exhibited excellent properties, including a high relative density of 99.4%, a bending strength of 287 ± 18 MPa, and a thermal conductivity of 142 W·m−1·K−1.
Clinical Peri-Implant Parameters and Marginal Bone Loss for Early Mandibular Implant Overdentures: A Follow-Up of 60 Months
Authors: AlHelal Abdulaziz A. , Alzaid Abdulaziz A. , Almujel Saad H. , Alsaloum Mohammed , Alanazi Khalid K. , Althubaitiy Ramzi O. , Al-Aali Khulud A.
Published: April 2024

Background and Objectives: Despite the identified benefits of early implant loading, studies have questioned its advantages compared to delayed loading in edentulous patients. This study aimed to evaluate clinical peri-implant parameters and marginal bone loss around early placed and loaded mandibular implant overdentures with a 60-month follow-up. Materials and Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 43 patients were enrolled to receive 86 early loading sub-crestal dental implants through prosthetic guides. Implant overdentures were supported by two isolated implant locator attachments between two mental foramens. Clinical peri-implant parameters, including plaque index (PI), bleeding index (BI), peri-implant pocket depth (PIPD), and marginal bone loss (MBL) were evaluated using standardized techniques at 1, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months follow-up. At 60 months, complications associated with implant overdentures (IOD’s) were noted. The mean comparison of peri-implant clinical parameters was performed through ANOVA test. A p-value of ≤0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Out of the total 43 enrolled patients, 8 patients were lost during follow-up; as a result, 35 patients completed the 5 years follow-up. The mean values of PI, BI, and PIPD increased with no statistical difference (p > 0.05). For marginal bone loss, an increase in the mean values was noted at different time intervals with statistical differences (p < 0.001). The most common complications noted were loosening of the abutment, occlusal adjustment, retentive locator loosening and replacement, and relining of the denture. Conclusions: Early placement of IODs failed to prevent bone loss over time and was associated with complications, predominantly consisting of abutment loosening, occlusal adjustments, broken retentive locator components, relining, and rebasing.
Nitrate Sensor with a Wide Detection Range and High Stability Based on a Cu-Modified Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Wei Shengnan , Xiao Danlin , Li Yang , Bian Chao
Published: April 2024

This paper describes an electrochemical sensor based on a Cu-modified boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode for the detection of nitrate-contaminated water. The sensor utilizes the catalytic effect of copper on nitrate and the stability of the BDD electrode. By optimizing the electrolyte system, the linear detection range was expanded, allowing the sensor to detect highly concentrated nitrate samples up to 100 mg/L with a low detection limit of 0.065 mg/L. Additionally, the stability of the sensor was improved. The relative standard deviation of the current responses during 25 consecutive tests was only 1.03%. The wide detection range and high stability of the sensor makes it suitable for field applications and the on-site monitoring of nitrate-contaminated waters.
Synthesis and Characterization of SiO2-Based Graphene Nanoballs Using Copper-Vapor-Assisted APCVD for Thermoelectric Application
Authors: Zulkepli Nurkhaizan , Yunas Jumril , Mohammad Haniff Muhammad Aniq Shazni , Dedi  , Sirat Mohamad Shukri , Johari Muhammad Hilmi , Mohd Maidin Nur Nasyifa , Mohd Raub Aini Ayunni , Hamzah Azrul Azlan
Published: April 2024

This study describes a method by which to synthesize SiO2-based graphene nanoballs (SGB) using atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) with copper vapor assistance. This method should solve the contamination, damage, and high costs associated with silica-based indirect graphene synthesis. The SGB was synthesized using APCVD, which was optimized using the Taguchi method. Multiple synthesis factors were optimized and investigated to find the ideal synthesis condition to grow SGB for thermoelectric (TE) applications. Raman spectra and FESEM-EDX reveal that the graphene formed on the silicon nanoparticles (SNP) is free from copper. The prepared SGB has excellent electrical conductivity (75.0 S/cm), which shows better results than the previous report. Furthermore, the SGB nanofillers in bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) nanocomposites as TE materials exhibit a significant increment in Seebeck coefficients (S) compared to the pure Bi2Te3 sample from 109 to 170 μV/K at 400 K, as well as electrical resistivity decrement. This approach would offer a simple strategy to improve the TE performance of commercially available TE materials, which is critical for large-scale industrial applications.
Investigation of Spatiotemporal Patterns of Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) Strandings in Swedish Waters for Improved Monitoring and Management
Authors: Ulfsson Vigge , Kim Hyeyoung , Cervin Linnea , Roos Anna , Neimanis Aleksija
Published: April 2024

Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) are the only cetacean residents found year-round in Swedish waters and they are exposed to numerous natural and anthropogenic threats. Since the in situ monitoring of cetaceans can be difficult, invasive and often expensive, investigation of stranding patterns and examination of stranded animals can be used as a cost-effective source of data to study these elusive animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of harbour porpoise stranding reports and the possible underlying causes in Swedish waters over a ten-year period (2014–2023). Additionally, the Swedish stranding network plays a key role in the collection of stranded carcasses for health and disease surveillance, and geographic coverage of the network also was analysed. When making spatial comparisons, the ten-year period was divided into two five-year blocks. Data on 854 stranded harbour porpoises were analysed from the coasts of the Skagerrak, Kattegat, and Baltic Seas. Both significant spatial and temporal patterns could be identified. Strandings peaked in July through September and hotspots occurred along most of the Swedish west coast, with the most frequent hotspots located around Öresund and especially the area around the Kullen peninsula. The spatial patterns of strandings found in this study are consistent with data on porpoise abundance, prey abundance, and gillnet fisheries’ efforts. The latter is known to be one of the primary causes of porpoise mortality. Furthermore, the coverage of the Swedish stranding network increased between the two periods, likely reflecting an increased awareness of the carcass-based surveillance program, and gaps requiring network expansion efforts were identified. These results also provide baseline data to enable the continued monitoring of stranding trends, as changes may indicate changes in population distribution, size or mortality rates.
Can Black Holes or Other Relativistic Space Objects Be a Source of Dark Energy?
Authors: Parnovsky Serge
Published: April 2024

We consider the hypothesis that the sources of dark energy (DE) could be black holes (BHs) or more exotic objects, such as naked singularities or gravastars. We propose a definition of the presence of DE in the Universe and a criterion for what can be considered the source of this dark energy. It is based on the idea of the accelerated expansion of the Universe, which requires antigravity caused by large negative pressure. A recently proposed hypothesis, that the mass of BHs increases with time according to the same law as the volume of the part of the Universe containing it and the population of BHs can mimic DE, is examined. We demonstrate the reasons why it cannot be accepted, even if all the assumptions on which this hypothesis is based are considered true.
Engineering Nanomedicine for Non-Viral RNA-Based Gene Therapy of Glioblastoma
Authors: He Wenya , Wang Ningyang , Wang Yaping , Liu Mengyao , Qing Qian , Su Qihang , Zou Yan , Liu Yang
Published: April 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of malignant tumor of the central nervous system, characterized by aggressiveness, genetic instability, heterogenesis, and unpredictable clinical behavior. Disappointing results from the current clinical therapeutic methods have fueled a search for new therapeutic targets and treatment modalities. GBM is characterized by various genetic alterations, and RNA-based gene therapy has raised particular attention in GBM therapy. Here, we review the recent advances in engineered non-viral nanocarriers for RNA drug delivery to treat GBM. Therapeutic strategies concerning the brain-targeted delivery of various RNA drugs involving siRNA, microRNA, mRNA, ASO, and short-length RNA and the therapeutical mechanisms of these drugs to tackle the challenges of chemo-/radiotherapy resistance, recurrence, and incurable stem cell-like tumor cells of GBM are herein outlined. We also highlight the progress, prospects, and remaining challenges of non-viral nanocarriers-mediated RNA-based gene therapy.
Comprehensive Genome-Wide Natural Variation and Expression Analysis of Tubby-like Proteins Gene Family in Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Mejia Sendi , Santos Jose Lorenzo B. , Noutsos Christos
Published: April 2024

The Tubby-like proteins (TLPs) gene family is a group of transcription factors found in both animals and plants. In this study, we identified twelve B. distachyon TLPs, divided into six groups based on conserved domains and evolutionary relationships. We predicted cis-regulatory elements involved in light, hormone, and biotic and abiotic stresses. The expression patterns in response to light and hormones revealed that BdTLP3, 4, 7, and 14 are involved in light responses, and BdTLP1 is involved in ABA responses. Furthermore, BdTLP2, 7, 9, and 13 are expressed throughout vegetative and reproductive stages, whereas BdTLP1, 3, 5, and 14 are expressed at germinating grains and early vegetative development, and BdTLP4, 6, 8, and 10 are expressed at the early reproduction stage. The natural variation in the eleven most diverged B. distachyon lines revealed high conservation levels of BdTLP1-6 to high variation in BdTLP7-14 proteins. Based on diversifying selection, we identified amino acids in BdTLP1, 3, 8, and 13, potentially substantially affecting protein functions. This analysis provided valuable information for further functional studies to understand the regulation, pathways involved, and mechanism of BdTLPs.
N2 Fixation, N Transfer, and Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) in Grain Legume–Wheat Intercropping: Impact of N Supply and Plant Density
Authors: Salinas-Roco Sebastian , Morales-González Amanda , Espinoza Soledad , Pérez-Díaz Ricardo , Carrasco Basilio , del Pozo Alejandro , Cabeza Ricardo A.
Published: April 2024

Intercropping legumes with cereals can lead to increased overall yield and optimize the utilization of resources such as water and nutrients, thus enhancing agricultural efficiency. Legumes possess the unique ability to acquire nitrogen (N) through both N2 fixation and from the available N in the soil. However, soil N can diminish the N2 fixation capacity of legumes. It is postulated that in intercropping, legumes uptake N mainly through N2 fixation, leaving more soil N available for cereals. The latter, in turn, has larger root systems, allowing it to explore greater soil volume and absorb more N, mitigating its adverse effects on N2 fixation in legumes. The goal of this study was to evaluate how the supply of N affects the intercropping of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) and peas (Pisum sativum L.) with wheat under varying plant densities and N levels. We measured photosynthetic traits, biomass production, the proportion of N derived from air (%Ndfa) in the shoot of the legumes, the N transferred to the wheat, and the land equivalent ratio (LER). The results revealed a positive correlation between soil N levels and the CO2 assimilation rate (An), chlorophyll content, and N balance index (NBI) in wheat. However, no significant effect was observed in legumes as soil N levels increased. Transpiration (E) increased in wheat intercropped with legumes, while stomatal conductance (gs) increased with N addition in all crops. Water use efficiency (WUE) decreased in faba beans intercropped with wheat as N increased, but it showed no significant change in wheat or peas. The shoot dry matter of wheat increased with the addition of N; however, the two legume species showed no significant changes. N addition reduced the %Ndfa of both legume species, especially in monoculture, with peas being more sensitive than faba beans. The intercropping of wheat alleviated N2 fixation inhibition, especially at high wheat density and increased N transfer to wheat, particularly with peas. The LER was higher in the intercropping treatments, especially under limited N conditions. It is concluded that in the intercropping of wheat with legumes, the N2 fixation inhibition caused by soil N is effectively reduced, as well as there being a significant N transfer from the legume to the wheat, with both process contributing to increase LER.
The Antimicrobial Effects of Myrosinase Hydrolysis Products Derived from Glucosinolates Isolated from Lepidium draba
Authors: Polozsányi Zoltán , Galádová Helena , Kaliňák Michal , Jopčík Martin , Kaliňáková Barbora , Breier Albert , Šimkovič Martin
Published: April 2024

Lepidium draba (hoary cress) is a perennial plant belonging to the Brassicaceae family that produces two dominant glucosinolates (GLSs): glucoraphanin (GRN) and sinalbin (SBN). They represent the stored form, which is converted upon the myrosinase (Myr) hydrolysis activity to active compounds, mainly isothiocyanates (ITCs) such as sulforaphane (SFN) or p-hydroxybenzyl isothiocyanate (pHBITC). Research on ITCs that have proven anticancer, antimicrobial, and chemoprotective properties is usually conducted with pure commercially available compounds. However, these are chemically reactive, making it difficult to use them directly for preventive purposes in dietary supplements. Efforts are currently being made to prepare dietary supplements enriched with GLS and/or Myr. In this study, we report a simple but efficient chromatographic procedure for the isolation and purification of GLSs from MeOH extract from hoary cress based on a combination of ion exchange and gel permeation chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and Sephadex LH-20. To obtain the Myr required for efficient hydrolysis of GLSs into antibacterial ITCs, we developed a rapid method for its extraction from the seeds of Lepidium sativum (garden cress). The yields of GLSs were 22.9 ± 1.2 mg GRN (purity 96%) and 10.4 ± 1.1 mg SBN (purity 92%) from 1 g of dry plant material. Both purified GLSs were used as substrates for the Myr. Analysis of the composition of hydrolysis products (HPs) revealed differences in their hydrolysis rates and in the degree of conversion from GLSs to individual ITCs catalyzed by Myr. When GRNs were cleaved, SFNs were formed in an equimolar ratio, but the formation of pHBITCs was only half that of cleaved SBNs. The decrease in pHBITC content is due to its instability compared to SFN. While SFN is stable in aqueous media during the measurement, pHBITC undergoes non-enzymatic hydrolysis to p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and thiocyanate ions. Testing of the antimicrobial effects of the HPs formed from GRN by Myr under premix or in situ conditions showed inhibition of the growth of model prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. This observation could serve as the jumping-off point for the design of a two-component mixture, based on purified GLSs and Myr that is, usable in food or the pharmaceutical industry in the future.
Application of Common Culinary Herbs for the Development of Bioactive Materials
Authors: Lupuliasa Alina Ioana , Baroi Anda-Maria , Avramescu Sorin Marius , Vasile Bogdan Stefan , Prisada Răzvan Mihai , Fierascu Radu Claudiu , Fierascu Irina , Sărdărescu (Toma) Daniela Ionela , Ripszky Totan Alexandra , Voicu-Bălășea Bianca , Pițuru Silviu-Mirel , Popa Lăcrămioara , Ghica Mihaela Violeta , Dinu-Pîrvu Cristina-Elena
Published: April 2024

Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) and oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), traditionally used for their antimicrobial properties, can be considered viable candidates for nanotechnology applications, in particular for the phytosynthesis of metal nanoparticles. The present work aims to evaluate the potential application of hyssop and oregano for the phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, as well as to evaluate the biological activities of their extracts and obtained nanoparticles (antioxidant potential, as well as cell viability, inflammation level and cytotoxicity in human fibroblasts HFIB-G cell line studies). In order to obtain natural extracts, two extraction methods were applied (classical temperature extraction and microwave-assisted extraction), with the extraction method having a major influence on their composition, as demonstrated by both the total phenolic compounds (significantly higher for the microwave-assisted extraction; the oregano extracts had consistently higher TPC values, compared with the hyssop extracts) and in terms of individual components identified via HPLC. The obtained nanoparticles ware characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), with the lowest dimension nanoparticles being recorded for the nanoparticles obtained using the oregano microwave extract (crystallite size 2.94 nm through XRD, average diameter 10 nm via TEM). The extract composition and particle size also influenced the antioxidant properties (over 60% DPPH inhibition being recorded for the NPs obtained using the oregano microwave extract). Cell viability was not affected at the lowest tested concentrations, which can be correlated with the nitric oxide level. Cell membrane integrity was not affected after exposure to classic temperature hyssop extract-NPs, while the other samples led to a significant LDH increase.
A Comprehensive Interaction Network Constructed Using miRNAs and mRNAs Provides New Insights into Potato Tuberization under High Temperatures
Authors: He Ming , Liu Ju , Tan Jie , Jian Yinqiao , Liu Jiangang , Duan Yanfeng , Li Guangcun , Jin Liping , Xu Jianfei
Published: April 2024

High temperatures delay tuberization and decrease potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yields. However, the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying tuberization under high temperatures remain largely unknown. Here, we performed the mRNA and miRNA sequencing of leaves and stems to identify genes and regulatory networks involved in tuberization under high temperatures. A total of 2804 and 5001 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under high-temperature stress were identified in leaves and stems, respectively. These genes were significantly enriched in gene ontology terms regarding meristem development, the sucrose biosynthetic process, and response to heat. Meanwhile, 101 and 75 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified in leaves and stems, respectively. We constructed an interaction network between DEmiRNAs and DEGs, identifying 118 and 150 DEmiRNA–DEG pairs in leaves and stems, respectively. We found three miRNA–mRNA candidate modules involved in tuberization under high temperatures, including stu-miR8030-5p/StCPY714, stu-miR7981f-p5/StAGL8a, and stu-miR10532A/StAGL8b. Our study constructed an interaction network between miRNAs and target genes and proposes candidate miRNA–gene modules that regulate tuber formation under high temperatures. Our study provides new insights for revealing the regulatory mechanism of the high-temperature inhibition of tuberization and also provides gene resources for improving the heat tolerance in potatoes.
Effect of Temperature and Humidity Coupling on the Ageing Failure of Carbon Fiber Composite/Titanium Bonded Joints
Authors: Peng Han , Zhou Tai , Shangguan Linjian , Cheng Ruixue
Published: April 2024

Temperature and humidity coupling has a more significant effect on the failure properties of bonded joints than a single factor, and there is not enough research on this. In this paper, joints bonded with strong toughness structural adhesives are selected for the experimental analysis of joints aged for 240 h, 480 h, and 720 h at temperatures of 40 °C and 60 °C and a humidity of 95% and 100%. The sequential double Fick’s model was used to fit the water absorption of the joints, and the comparison yielded that the water absorption of the adhesive was in accordance with Fick’s law. The quasi-static tensile tests revealed that the reduction in mechanical properties of the joints was positively correlated with the moisture content in the environment, while the competing mechanisms of post-temperature curing and hydroplasticization resulted in a slight increase in the failure strength and energy uptake of the aged joints, which is in agreement with the experimental results of the Fourier infrared spectroscopy. A combination of macroscopic failure sections and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images yielded that the failure mode of the joints changed from cohesive failure to interfacial failure with increasing ageing time. In addition, reliability analyses for the fatigue testing of joints are expected to provide guidance for the life design of bonding technology in the vehicle service temperature range.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Sensitivity in Simulation Models for Enhanced System Understanding and Optimisation
Authors: Grznár Patrik , Gregor Milan , Mozol Štefan , Mozolová Lucia , Krump Henrich , Mizerák Marek , Trojan Jozef
Published: April 2024

This article delves into sensitivity analysis within simulation models of real systems, focusing on the impact of variability in independent input factors (x) on dependent system outputs (y). It discusses linear and nonlinear regression to analyse and represent relationships between input factors and system responses. This study encompasses three sensitivity analysis areas: factor screening, local sensitivity analysis, and global sensitivity analysis, highlighting their roles in understanding the significance of factors in simulation models. The practical application of sensitivity analysis becomes clear through a case study in a manufacturing system. The case study utilises the Simio simulation system to investigate the impact of input factors on production lead time and work in process (WIP). The analysis uses regression to quantify the impact of seven factors, showcasing the most significant ones with tornado charts and emphasising the application of sensitivity analysis to optimise system responses.
The Importance of the Nicean Creed for Christian Identity: A Theological–Pastoral Reading from the Philosophy of Austin and Lakatos
Authors: Vilas Boas Susana
Published: April 2024

The act of believing implies an inner assent, but it is neither limited to a blind acceptance of certain arguments nor to an empty repetition, without practical consequences, of a set of concepts that one claims to defend. This article, allied with the philosophy of language (Austin) and the philosophy of science (Lakatos) will aim, on the one hand, to present a philosophical–theological reading of believing and, on the other hand, an understanding of the implications of the assent of faith regarding the Nicean Creed for Christian identity. The research briefly presented here will refer to the firm core of Christianity, as well as the arguments that aid its defence and understanding vis-à-vis believers and non-believers.
Exploring Saliency for Learning Sensory-Motor Contingencies in Loco-Manipulation Tasks
Authors: Stefanini Elisa , Lentini Gianluca , Grioli Giorgio , Catalano Manuel Giuseppe , Bicchi Antonio
Published: April 2024

The objective of this paper is to propose a framework for a robot to learn multiple Sensory-Motor Contingencies from human demonstrations and reproduce them. Sensory-Motor Contingencies are a concept that describes intelligent behavior of animals and humans in relation to their environment. They have been used to design control and planning algorithms for robots capable of interacting and adapting autonomously. However, enabling a robot to autonomously develop Sensory-Motor Contingencies is challenging due to the complexity of action and perception signals. This framework leverages tools from Learning from Demonstrations to have the robot memorize various sensory phases and corresponding motor actions through an attention mechanism. This generates a metric in the perception space, used by the robot to determine which sensory-motor memory is contingent to the current context. The robot generalizes the memorized actions to adapt them to the present perception. This process creates a discrete lattice of continuous Sensory-Motor Contingencies that can control a robot in loco-manipulation tasks. Experiments on a 7-dof collaborative robotic arm with a gripper, and on a mobile manipulator demonstrate the functionality and versatility of the framework.
Determining Factors Influencing Collegiate Players’ Intention to Pursue a Professional Career
Authors: Lebria Mathew Gerald D. C. , Ochoa Cymond R. , Tionloc Jasmin Marie P. , Ong Ardvin Kester S. , German Josephine D.
Published: April 2024

The rise of professional careers in playing sports has been seen in the recent generation. Ranging from traditional sports to recent e-games, it can be seen that student athletes are not only considering these as motivational factors for education, but also as future career paths. This study aims to fill the knowledge gap about the factors influencing college athletes’ aspirations to play professionally. The study examines the complex web of athlete decision-making by utilizing the extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and analyzing the roles of motivational factors, self-efficacy, affective behavior, and behavioral domains. With the use of structural equation modeling, the study deciphers the intricate links, emphasizing the critical role that attitude plays in affective behavior. It emphasizes how much optimism and self-efficacy shape an athlete’s behavior and subsequent pursuit of professional careers. The current research provides a benchmark for future studies exploring student athletes’ career goals. This research adds understanding to the knowledge gap regarding the complex decision-making procedures of aspiring professional athletes. Both theoretical and practical implications are provided based on the results of the study, which stakeholders and institutions may consider for student athletes wanting to pursue a professional sports career.
Quantum-Number Projected Generator Coordinate Method for 21Ne with a Chiral Two-Nucleon-Plus-Three-Nucleon Interaction
Authors: Lin Wei , Zhou Enfu , Yao Jiangming , Hergert Heiko
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we report a study of the low-lying states of deformed 21Ne within the framework of the quantum-number projected generator coordinate method (PGCM), starting from a chiral two-nucleon-plus-three-nucleon (NN+3N) interaction. The wave functions of states are constructed as a linear combination of a set of axially deformed Hartree–Fock–Bogliubov (HFB) wave functions with different quadrupole deformations. These HFB wave functions are projected onto different angular momenta and the correct neutron and proton numbers for 21Ne. The results of the calculations based on the effective Hamiltonians derived by normal-ordering the 3N interaction with respect to three different reference states, including the quantum-number projected HFB wave functions for 20Ne, 22Ne, and an ensemble of them with equal weights, are compared. This study serves as a key step towards ab initio calculations of odd-mass deformed nuclei with the in-medium GCM.
Optimization of Signal Detection Using Deep CNN in Ultra-Massive MIMO
Authors: Keawin Chittapon , Innok Apinya , Uthansakul Peerapong
Published: April 2024

This paper addresses the evolving landscape of communication technology, emphasizing the pivotal role of 5G and the emerging 6G networks in accommodating the increasing demand for high-speed and accurate data transmission. We delve into the advancements in 5G technology, particularly the implementation of millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies ranging from 30 to 300 GHz. These advancements are instrumental in enhancing applications requiring massive data transmission and reception, facilitated by massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) systems. Looking towards the future, this paper forecasts the necessity for faster data transmission technologies, shifting the focus toward the development of 6G networks. These future networks are projected to employ ultra-massive MIMO systems in the terahertz band, operating within 0.1–10 THz frequency ranges. A significant part of our research is dedicated to exploring advanced signal detection techniques, helping to mitigate the impact of interference and improve accuracy in data transmission and enabling more efficient communication, even in environments with high levels of noise, and including zero forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) methods, which form the cornerstone of our proposed approach. Additionally, signal detection contributes to the development of new communication technologies such as 5G and 6G, which require a high data transmission efficiency and rapid response speeds. The core contribution of this study lies in the application of deep learning to signal detection in ultra-massive MIMO systems, a critical component of 6G technology. We compare this approach with existing ELMx-based machine learning methods, focusing on algorithmic efficiency and computational performance. Our comparative analysis included the regularized extreme learning machine (RELM) and the outlier robust extreme learning machine (ORELM), juxtaposed with ZF and MMSE methods. Simulation results indicated the superiority of our convolutional neural network for signal detection (CNN-SD) over the traditional ELMx-based, ZF, and MMSE methods, particularly in terms of channel capacity and bit error rate. Furthermore, we demonstrate the computational efficiency and reduced complexity of the CNN-SD method, underscoring its suitability for future expansive MIMO systems.
Multifractal Analysis of Choroidal SDOCT Images in the Detection of Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Minicucci Francesca , Oikonomou Fotios D. , De Sanctis Angela A.
Published: April 2024

The aim of this paper is to investigate whether a multifractal analysis can be applied to study choroidal blood vessels and help ophthalmologists in the early diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). In a case study, we used spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT), which is a noninvasive and highly sensitive imaging technique of the retina and choroid. The image of a choroidal branching pattern can be regarded as a multifractal. Therefore, we calculated the generalized Renyi point-centered dimensions, which are considered a measure of the inhomogeneity of data, to prove that it increases in patients with RP as compared to those in the control group.
Checking the 8Be Anomaly with a Two-Arm Electron Positron Pair Spectrometer
Authors: Anh Tran The , Dinh Trong Tran , Krasznahorkay Attila J. , Krasznahorkay Attila , Molnár József , Pintye Zoltán , Viet Nguyen Ai , Nghia Nguyen The , Khanh Linh Do Thi , Hoa Bui Thi , Chung Le Xuan , Anh Nguyen Tuan
Published: April 2024

We have repeated the experiment performed recently by ATOMKI Laboratory (Debrecen, Hungary), which may indicate a new particle called X17 in the literature. In order to obtain a reliable and independent result, we used a different structure of the electron–positron pair spectrometer at the VNU University of Science. The spectrometer has two arms and simpler acceptance and efficiency as a function of the correlation angle, but the other conditions of the experiment were very similar to the published ones. We could confirm the presence of the anomaly measured at Ep = 1225 keV, which is above the Ep = 1040 keV resonance.
TLR7 Agonist-Loaded Gadolinium Oxide Nanotubes Promote Anti-Tumor Immunity by Activation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses
Authors: Wang Xiupeng , Hirose Motohiro , Li Xia
Published: April 2024

Improving the delivery of biomolecules to DCs and lymph nodes is critical to increasing their anti-tumor efficacy, reducing their off-target side effects, and improving their safety. In this study, Gd2O3 nanotubes with lengths of 70–80 nm, diameters of 20–30 nm, and pore sizes of up to 18 nm were synthesized using a facile one-pot solvothermal method. The Gd2O3 nanotubes showed good adsorption capacity of OVA and TLR7a, with a loading efficiency of about 100%. The Gd2O3 nanotubes showed pH-sensitive degradation and biomolecule release properties; the release of gadolinium ions, OVA, and TLR7a was slow at pH 7.4 and fast at pH 5. The Gd2O3 nanotubes showed 2.6–6.0 times higher payload retention around the injection site, 3.1 times higher cellular uptake, 1.7 times higher IL1β secretion, 1.4 times higher TNFα secretion by BMDCs, and markedly enhanced draining lymph node delivery properties. The combination of OVA, TLR7a, and Gd2O3 nanotubes significantly inhibited tumor growth and increased survival rate compared with only OVA-TLR7a, only OVA, and saline. The Gd2O3 nanotubes are biocompatible and can also be used as radiation sensitizers.
Mucosal Immunization with Spore-Based Vaccines against Mannheimia haemolytica Enhances Antigen-Specific Immunity
Authors: Uddin Muhammed Salah , Kaldis Angelo , Menassa Rima , Ortiz Guluarte José , Barreda Daniel R. , Guan Le Luo , Alexander Trevor W.
Published: April 2024

Background: Mannheimia haemolytica is a bovine respiratory pathogen commonly associated with bacterial bronchopneumonia. Current vaccine strategies have shown variable efficacy in feedlot cattle, and therefore novel vaccines are needed. Bacillus subtilis spores have been investigated as a mucosal vaccine platform, due to their ability to bind and present antigens to the mucosa and act as an adjuvant. The aim of this study was to develop two spore-based mucosal vaccines targeting M. haemolytica and evaluate their immunogenicity in mice. Methods: Two antigen constructs composed of cholera toxin B subunit, M. haemolytica leukotoxin, and either the M. haemolytica outer membrane protein PlpE (MhCP1) or GS60 (MhCP2) were synthesized, purified and then bound to spores as vaccines. In two separate mice trials, the spore-bound vaccines (Spore-MhCP1 and Spore-MhCP2) were administered to mice through intranasal and intragastric routes, while free antigens were administered intranasally and intramuscularly. Unbound spores were also evaluated intranasally. Antigen-specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA from bronchoalveolar lavage, feces, and saliva were measured after vaccination. Mice sera from all treatment groups were assessed for their bactericidal activity against M. haemolytica. Results: In both mice experiments, intramuscular immunization induced the strongest serum IgG antibody response. However, the intranasal administration of Spore-MhCP1 and Spore-MhCP2 elicited the greatest secretory IgA-specific response against leukotoxin, PlpE, and GS60 in bronchoalveolar lavage, saliva, and feces (p < 0.05). Compared to the intranasal administration of free antigen, spore-bound antigen groups showed greater bactericidal activity against M. haemolytica (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Since intranasally delivered Spore-MhCP1 and Spore-MhCP2 elicited both systemic and mucosal immune responses in mice, these vaccines may have potential to mitigate lung infection in cattle by restricting M. haemolytica colonization and proliferation in the respiratory tract. The efficacy of these mucosal spore-based vaccines merits further assessment against M. haemolytica in cattle.
Live-Attenuated Vaccines in Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant
Authors: Hartley Christopher , Thomas Tina , Smith Sara Kathryn , Karnsakul Wikrom
Published: April 2024

Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), and varicella incidence rates have increased due to the delayed vaccination schedules of children secondary to the COVID-19 pandemic. Decreased herd immunity creates a risk for immunocompetent children and immunocompromised individuals in the community. Historically, live-attenuated vaccines (MMR and varicella) were recommended before solid organ transplants. The amount of time before transplant when this is appropriate is often debated, as is the utility of vaccine titers. MMR and varicella vaccines previously were not recommended in immunocompromised patients post-solid organ transplant due to the undue risk of transmission and posed infection risk. The new literature on live-attenuated vaccines in post-transplant pediatric patients provides more insight into the vaccines’ safety and efficacy. The present article aims to provide guidance on live-attenuated vaccines (MMR and varicella) in the pre-transplant and post-operative solid organ transplant phases of care in pediatric patients.
Immunomodulatory Role of Rosmarinus officinalis L., Mentha x piperita L., and Lavandula angustifolia L. Essential Oils in Sheep Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Ciliberti Maria Giovanna , Albenzio Marzia , Sevi Agostino , Frabboni Laura , Marino Rosaria , Caroprese Mariangela
Published: April 2024

Recently, the uses of essential oils (EOs) as rumen modifiers, anti-inflammatory agents, and antioxidants were demonstrated in livestock. In the present study, the role of Mentha x piperita L. (MEO), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (REO), and Lavandula angustifolia L. (LEO) EOs in an in vitro sheep model of inflammation was investigated. With this aim, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated with incremental concentrations (3, 5, 7, and 10%) of each EO to test their effects on cell viability and proliferation and on interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and IL-8 secretion. The PBMCs were stimulated by Concanavalin A (ConA) alone or in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mitogen. The positive and negative controls were represented by PBMCs in the presence or absence, respectively, of mitogens only. The cell viability and proliferation were determined by XTT and BrdU assays, while the cytokines were analyzed by ELISA. The EO treatments did not affect the viability; on the contrary, the PBMC proliferation increased in presence of all the EOs tested, according to the different percentages and mitogens used. The IL-10 secretion was higher in both the REO and the LEO tested at 3% than in the positive control; furthermore, the IL-8 level was influenced differently by the various EOs. The present data demonstrate that EOs may modulate the immune response activated by inflammation.
Antihistamine Medication Blunts Localized-Vibration-Induced Increases in Popliteal Blood Flow
Authors: Needs Devin , Blotter Jonathan , Fellingham Gilbert W. , Cruse Glenn , Gifford Jayson R. , Johnson Aaron Wayne , Feland Jeffrey Brent
Published: April 2024

Localized vibration (LV) of the lower leg increases arterial blood flow (BF). However, it is unclear how LV causes this increase. Understanding the mechanisms of this response could lead to the optimized future use of LV as a therapy. One possible mechanism of LV-mediated BF is through histamine release by mechanosensitive mast cells. The purpose of this study was to measure the BF response of 21 recreationally active young adults (11 male, 10 female, mean age 22.1 years) after 47 Hz and 10 min LV to the calf, with and without antihistamine medication (180 mg Fexofenadine). Each participant received both control (no antihistamine) and antihistamine (treatment) conditions separated by at least 24 h. BF ultrasound measurements (mean and peak blood velocity, volume flow, popliteal diameter, and heart rate) were taken before LV therapy and periodically for 19 min post LV. Using a cell means mixed model, we found that LV significantly increased the control mean blood velocity immediately post LV but did not significantly increase the antihistamine mean blood velocity immediately post LV. Therefore, we hypothesize that a primary mechanism of LV increase in BF is histamine release from mechano-sensing mast cells, and that this response is force-dependent.