bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Administrer les territoires d’une nation pluricontinentale
Authors: Nogueira da Silva Cristina
Published: February 2021

L’article identifie l’idée d’uniformité administrative et juridique des territoires d’Outre-mer de l’empire portugais comme une représentation volontariste dans une situation réelle marquée par de fortes discontinuités et une grande hétérogénéité des rapports de pouvoir. La présence du droit européen dépendait en réalité de rapports de force complexes, de l’agenda des différents agents et de leurs conceptions du bon gouvernement. Les agents colonisateurs avaient conscience des conditions du développement de l’administration coloniale, dans un monde de doubles souverainetés né des pactes de sujétion à la couronne portugaise. La nature hybride du droit local se doublait d’une séparation entre zones de peuplement européen ou fortement influencées par des formes culturelles européennes, et zones presque exclusivement habitées par des populations autochtones. Le texte met en rapport la nature plurielle des sociétés coloniales et des formes juridiques qui y étaient exercées avec la narration colonisatrice qui tentait de rendre compte de cette diversité de manière intégrée et unitaire.
L’administration d’une « ombre d’empire » : l’organisation des « Portugais » en Afrique et en Asie
Authors: Hespanha António Manuel
Published: February 2021

En partant de la thèse fondatrice de Luis Filipe Thomaz sur la dispersion et la variété des statuts politiques des territoires comme caractéristique majeure de l’expansion portugaise en Asie, ce texte aborde la constellation dynamique et mouvante des groupes identifiés où s’identifiant eux-mêmes comme « portugais » en Afrique et en Asie, en prêtant une attention forte aux phénomènes de création culturelle de ces espaces créoles. Écartant toute approche essentialiste, il défend une perspective relationnelle dans l’analyse de leur identité, ce qui lui permet d’inclure les liens politiques avec l’empire portugais, dont ces espaces constituaient comme une ombre projetée, et pour lesquels il serait abusif de parler d’encadrement politique et administratif. De Guinée au Mozambique en passant par l’Angola, de l’Inde à l’Asie du Sud-Est, ce texte met en valeur le fait que le trait majeur de ces zones d’ombre d’empire était leur auto-organisation, suivant des matrices en réalité déjà présentes au sein des communautés paysannes à l’intérieur même de l’empire : l’élection des dirigeants, ou leur cooptation par les élites, et la justice communautaire rendue suivant les usages, étaient de règle. Quant à la confirmation des élus comme « capitaines » des communautés, prix modique à payer pour obtenir un supplément d’autorité parfois bienvenu, elle constituait pour la couronne un moyen réel, bien qu’indirect et peu efficace, d’avoir un certain contrôle sur ces nœuds de l’empire informel.
Diderot et les frères Le Gall : Jules François (1705-1792) le joueur d’échecs et Claude François (c.1697-1767) le sourd-muet
Authors: Launay Françoise
Published: February 2021

On aurait pu croire, depuis le temps qu’on en parle et qu’on en disserte, que les joueurs d’échecs célèbres que Diderot cite dans ses ouvrages et dans sa correspondance étaient aujourd’hui parfaitement identifiés. Si c’était effectivement le cas pour Philidor, il n’en était rien pour le « marquis de Legal » sur qui nous avons enquêté. Certes l’erreur n’était pas trop grande, puisque si ce n’était celui que l’on croyait jusqu’à maintenant, c’était donc son frère, celui-là seul qui signait « Le Gall de Kermur », donc le cadet Jules François de Le Gall. Mais ce qui avait complètement échappé à l’attention jusqu’à maintenant, c’est que l’aîné des quatre frères Le Gall, Claude François, était sourd-muet de naissance. Comment ne pas être alors tenté de l’identifier à celui qui regardait jouer Diderot en lui faisant des signes d’intelligence ?
Barbier et les Naigeon Note sur l’athéisme à l’aube du XIXe siècle
Authors: Boussuge Emmanuel , Mothu Alain
Published: February 2021

L’article montre comment la divulgation d’une information de première main concernant les publications de l’atelier holbachique (1761-1774) devint l’enjeu de vives polémiques au début du xixe siècle. Les révélations que le bibliographe Antoine Alexandre Barbier fut en mesure de publier à partir de 1805, grâce au témoignage de Jacques André Naigeon, donnèrent lieu à une série d’échanges virulents, étalés sur plus de cinq ans, qui mirent Barbier et ses amis aux prises avec Picot et les abbés Feletz et Guairard, tous réactionnaires ardents. Dans un contexte politique hostile à la libre expression du matérialisme philosophique et athée, le nœud de la querelle se fixa sur la possibilité de transmission de l’information bibliographique. L’histoire qui se dessine à travers les multiples épisodes de ce conflit accompagne les bouleversements historiques de l’époque et la constante évolution des rapports de forces idéologiques.
Special Anatomy Series
Authors: Tan Michelle C. , Strakowski Jeffrey A. , Ughwanogho Uvieoghene O. , Forrest Elizabeth G. , Chiou-Tan Faye Y.
Published: February 2021

Objective:

The objective of this article is to describe ultrasound imaging changes in the lower limb as it moves from the neutral anatomic position to external rotation (ER) position. This includes sonographic differences related to both positional changes and tissue torsion.

Methods:

Sonographic images were obtained in a 28-year-old healthy elite female highland dancer. Both short- and long-axis sonographic images were obtained with the transducer placed over the structure of interest with the hip in both neutral and externally rotated positions. Cine video was also recorded at each site to assess dynamic imaging changes in real time.

Results:

Ultrasound evaluation of the lower limb during ER allowed assessment of the appearance of positional change and torsion on the tissues from this movement. At mid-thigh, the vastus lateralis was replaced by the rectus femoris. At distal thigh, the rectus tendon was replaced by the vastus medialis. In mid-leg, the tibialis anterior was replaced by the soleus. At the ankle, the extensor hallucis and tibialis anterior tendons are replaced by the tibia and tibialis posterior tendon.

Conclusion:

The patterns of change with ER of the hip can be identified with ultrasound in multiple muscles throughout the lower limb. This provides the potential to be used as a tool for assessing appropriate movement patterns for performance and preventing injury in dancers and other athletes who repeatedly perform this maneuver.
Telemedicine and multichronic comorbidities in the days of COVID-19
Authors: Cipolla Maurizio , Savo Maria Teresa , Cipolla Ilaria , Gentile Lina Giuseppina , Gaddi Antonio Vittorino
Published: February 2021

CONTEXT:

The COVID-19 pandemic is probably the most challenging health crisis of the modern era as international health systems were not prepared to fight a virus whose capacity of spread is still being debated. The following are the two main challenges: the management of patients with acute infection of SARS-CoV-2, which needs more attention to have results in brief time, and the prevention of resultant neglect of patients who are not infected but need constant care for their chronic diseases.

AIMS:

To prevent the deaths from the "indirect effect" of the virus, the main aim was, with the help of telemedicine, to follow-up patients with high risk of poor outcome and to develop a protective system to reduce emergency department and hospitalizations access. The secondary aim was to develop an efficient telehealth model to be applied also after the COVID-19 pandemic.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:

The study was voluntary and observational on patients enrolled between March and May 2020, during the first wave of the Italian pandemic. The project involved primary care and specialist physicians, nurses, informatics, and administrative services in the complex unity of primary care in Catanzaro Lido, Calabria Region.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Data such as blood pressure, heart rate, blood oxygenation, and glycemia were recorded using sphygmomanometer, oximeter, and glucometer and were communicated with a smartphone or a Bluetooth directly to a control room. The alerts were stratified according to the common emergency code: green for low risk, yellow for intermediate risk, red for high risk, and critic red for very high risk.

RESULTS:

Regarding patients with glycemic alerts, totally, 2135 were alert, 25% of them were at high risk, but only in 1 single case (0.04%), the intervention of 118 was necessary. The rest was resolved by telemedicine system with the help, when necessary, of first-level medical intervention. In 6.1% of cases, a specialist advice was required. Moreover, cardiovascular alerts were all resolved by the telemedicine system.

CONCLUSIONS:

The results obtained are preliminary but satisfying, a clear sign of how telemedicine could improve the management of disease chronicity but also of infectious disease.
A classification of methods used to attach devices to vultures and condors
Authors: Davies Mary , Green Rhys
Published: February 2021

No abstract.
Thoracic X-Strap Harness. Design and Method 1
Authors: Bildstein Keith , Botha Andre , Lambertucci Sergio A.
Published: February 2021

No abstract.
Konsep Hidup Kekal Menurut Pandangan Dunia Etnis Baliem, Papua Sebagai Potensi dan Krisis Bagi Kontekstualisasi Injil
Authors: Mawikere Marde Christian Stenly
Published: February 2021

This study reveals the Baliem ethnic concept of "eternal life" and how it relates to contextual gospel preaching (both potential and crisis). The study was conducted using a qualitative approach with a participant observer method supported by a study of a variety of relevant literature with a discussion of the concept of eternal life of Baliem people in Papua. As for the Baliem Society, Papua with a background of traditional societies with a worldview of animism has an eternal view of life which is lived out as an "ideal situation and condition" in the Nabelan-Kabelan myth and "an ideal person or figure" in the Naurekul myth. Through this view of eternal life, there is a "meeting point" and "difference" with the gospel message and Bible values. Because it is possible to be able to advocate and implement a contextual evangelistic approach for the Baliem people in Papua by touching and empowering their cultural values, Thus the Gospel and Christianity are not just a history or monument but are still present and change society while still paying attention to the integrity of the socio-cultural context, especially the people of Baliem, Papua.  ABSTRAKStudi ini mengungkapkan konsep etnis Baliem mengenai “hidup kekal” dan bagaimana kaitannya dengan pemberitaan Injil yang kontekstual (baik potensi maupun krisis). Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan  pendekatan kualitatif melalui metode pengamatan partisipan yang didukung dengan kajian kepada beragam literatur yang relevan dengan pembahasan mengenai konsep hidup kekal orang Baliem di Tanah Papua. Masyarakat Baliem, Papua dengan latar belakang masyarakat tradisional dengan pandangan dunia animisme memiliki pandangan hidup kekal yang dihayati sebagai “situasi dan kondisi yang ideal” pada mitos atau legenda Nabelan-Kabelan dan “pribadi atau sosok yang ideal” dalam legenda Naurekul. Melalui pandangan mengenai hidup kekal seperti ini, maka terdapat “titik temu” maupun “perbedaan” dengan berita Injil dan nilai-nilai Alkitab. Karena itu memungkinkan untuk dapat menganjurkan dan melaksanakan pendekatan kontekstualisasi Injil bagi etnis Baliem di Papua dengan menyentuh, memanfaatkan dan memberdayakan nilai budaya etnis Baliem, Dengan demikian Injil maupun kekristenan bukan hanya akan menjadi sejarah atau monumen namun akan tetap hadir dan mengubahkan masyarakat dengan tetap memperhatikan keutuhan konteks sosial budaya, khususnya etnis Baliem, Papua.
Studying Political Communities in VK.com with Network Analysis
Authors: Bykov Ilya A. , Martyanov Denis S.
Published: February 2021

The study explores politicized virtual communities of Russia in the VK.com within the social network analysis approach. The paper focuses on the VK since it is the largest social networking service in Russia. The authors aim to draw a general map of virtual communities in the VK which are politically engaged and represent all political ideologies in Russia. The data were collected with help of the VK API in 2019. Based on the specially designed algorithm, the authors have collected a sample of 115 politicized communities. The paper presents a critical analysis of the implementation of data sampling and crawling. The authors argue that this study includes all significant virtual communities from a full range of ideologically and politically oriented discussion groups to institutionalized political actors such as political parties and government agencies, including groups of leading Russian mass media. The authors apply the Gephi network analysis and visualization software package, a leading social network analysis software, to produce a map of the political virtual communities in Russia. The study indicates that virtual communities of mass media and the institutionalized communities, such as political parties or government institutions, have concentrated at the core of the graph. At the same time, discussion groups about ideologies were in the periphery of the graph.
Empleando modelos jerárquicos para encontrar el mejor modelo para pronosticar los galones de gasolina corriente demandados en Bogotá (Colombia)
Authors: Alonso Cifuentes Julio César , Díaz Javier Gustavo , Estrada Daniela , Figueroa César Alfonso , Tamura Gabriel
Published: February 2021

El documento tiene como objetivo encontrar el mejor modelo jerárquico que permita proyectar la demanda total de gasolina corriente y por tanto el recaudo por sobretasa a la gasolina en Bogotá, Colombia, impuesto importante para el financiamiento de la malla vial y sistemas de transporte masivos. Para lograr este objetivo, se emplean datos de los galones reportados por los 6 mayoristas de gasolina corriente de la ciudad bajo dos aproximaciones univariadas (ARIMA y el método de suavizamiento exponencial (ETS por sus siglas en inglés)), cinco métodos y diferentes algoritmos de minimización. Se encuentra que la mejor combinación de estos parámetros para pronosticar los galones de gasolina corriente demandados es el modelo ETS bajo un pronóstico univariado simple.
Elección del consumidor y efectos de red locales en el mercado de telecomunicaciones móviles de Colombia
Authors: Correa Alexander
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el grado de los efectos de red en el mercado móvil de telecomunicaciones en Colombia, e identificar otros determinantes de la elección del consumidor basándose en una encuesta de usos y hábitos realizada por el Centro Nacional de Consultoría para la Comisión de Regulación de Comunicaciones en el año 2016. A partir de esa encuesta se realizó este estudio que muestra que no existen diferencias regionales en la adopción de operadores en Colombia, y que el atractivo de los diferentes operadores depende del tamaño total del operador al cual se quiera suscribir el usuario. Este hallazgo significa que el mercado relevante se debe definir a nivel nacional y que las estrategias de precios de los operadores deben ser de carácter nacional y no regional. También se encuentra que en la elección de operador son determinantes claves el sexo de las personas, la edad, el estrato, el gasto mensual en servicios móviles, el tipo de plan y el número de llamadas que se realizan. Por último, los usuarios prefieren al operador que les brinde la mayor experiencia por lo cual es un determinante clave a trabajar por parte de los operadores de servicios móviles en Colombia.
ONLINE DATA COLLECTION AS ADAPTATION IN CONDUCTING QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Torrentira Moises C. , Jr.
Published: February 2021

This study was conducted to identify online data collection methodologies as an adaptation in the conduct of quantitative and qualitative research amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. While data collection has been hampered by the restrictions posed by the quarantine measures of the local governments around the globe, researchers need to strategize and adapt remote tools in data collection. Analyzing from the responses of 25 highly engaged researchers who served as participants of this study through videoconferencing, it was found out that data collection for quantitative research may be conducted by using online development tools via personal or institutional subscriptions, using google forms as a free and conventional platform, and by using QR Code to generate the electronic survey questionnaire. On the other hand, the data collection for qualitative research may be conducted by using diaries and reflections of participants to replace the typical direct observation, using telephone or mobile phone to conduct an interview, and by using video-conferencing for key informant interview and focus group discussion. Considering the practicality and feasibility of these data collection methods, researchers cannot be constrained by the quarantine and health protocols in pursuing reliable, honest, and high-quality research outputs.

 Article visualizations:
INVESTIGATION OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING, SELF ESTEEM, PERCEIVED GENERAL SELF-EFFICACY, LEVEL OF HOPE AND COGNITIVE EMOTION REGULATION STRATEGIES
Authors: Akfirat O. Nejat
Published: February 2021

In this study, the relationship between pre-service teachers' psychological well-being levels and self-esteem, perceived general self-efficacy, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and hope variables were investigated together with how these variables predicted pre-service teachers' psychological well-being. The research was conducted via relational screening model. The research group consists of a total of 403 participants including 206 females and 197 males, who received pedagogical formation education at a university located in Turkey’s Marmara Region, and participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. In the research, Psychological Well-Being Scale (short form), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and Personal Information Form were used as data collection tools. The data obtained were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. According to the findings, self-esteem, general self-efficacy, level of hope, positive reappraisal from cognitive emotion regulation strategies, accusing and accepting others significantly predicted psychological well-being.

 

 Article visualizations:
Sistem Informasi Geografis Apotek di Kotawaringin Timur Berbasis Web
Authors: Ramadhani Nur Rachmat Fajar , Prasetyaningrum Eka , Bachtiar Lukman
Published: February 2021

Geographical Information System is an information system that is specialized in processing data that has spatial information (spatial reference). In a narrower sense, a Geographical Information System is a computer system that has the ability to build, store, manage and display geographic information, for example, data that is identified according to its location in a database. The purpose of this geographic information system is to find out information on the location of the distribution of pharmacies and drug data information in East Kotawaringin, so as to help people and people who are not native to East Kotawaringin. The development of a web-based pharmacy geographic information system in East Kotawaringin uses the programming language PHP and MySQL as the database system.
Hospital Safety Box Monitoring: Building Brand Trust in Healthcare Business During Covid -19 Wave
Authors: Johansyah Muhamad Deni , Purnama Susan
Published: February 2021

The health business is adjusting to a new reality where bargaining power has shifted to consumers. Consumers are now playing a key role in the commercialization process, making them important stakeholders to fulfill their needs. Health business reforms have convinced consumers to give protection a greater priority than ever since the COVID-19 pandemic escalated around the world. Health care businesses in Indonesia are no exception, should increase their brand trust, because of the huge responsibility to protect consumers from the prevention of COVID-19, and brand trust also gives added value to the hospital's own brand. A brand with the right value proposition can "prove" the true value of its product or service to patients in the minds of consumers, one of which is from medical waste management. Hospital waste is usually a contagious and toxic chemical that can affect human health and environmental impacts if not treated properly. Medical waste including sharp objects, infectious waste, pharmaceutical waste, and other waste is mostly generated in health facilities such as health centers and hospitals. such as intravenous lines, syringes, gloves, which after use must be handled and destroyed in such a way that they do not fall into the hands of the public or even injure medical personnel. The Smart Waste concept is here to answer the challenges of trust in hospital brands in Indonesia, especially in the city of Bandung, increasing the sense of security of consumers is the main goal of this concept where hospital safety boxes work together with sensors and microcontrollers, disposal of syringes can be done more intelligently. , safe and the risk of medical personnel punctured by infected needle waste can be reduced.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on corporate employer branding
Authors: Nelke Astrid
Published: February 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is disrupting the world of work. While before the pandemic most employees worked in an office, many employees are now experiencing hybrid workplaces and accelerated digitalisation on the job. These changes demand new leadership concepts and individual support for every single employee. Likewise, the employer branding of companies must undergo changes and be tailored to the novel situation. However, many companies must first readjust to the current circumstances. This involves a determined digitalisation of employer branding procedures and the adaptation of the employer brand communication both to the needs of the target groups and the requirements of the digital processes.
The Existence and Role of Indigenous Food Institution on Strengthening Foods Security of Rural Community
Authors: Karyadi Lalu Wiresapta
Published: February 2021

Local agricultural institutions as an important structure to support the food security system have been marginalized and replaced by formal social institutions that seem foreign to certain communities. This study aims to reveal and explain the existence and role of local agricultural institutions in strengthening the food security of rural communities on the island of Lombok. The research was designed with a qualitative research model. Data collection using several techniques, namely: in-depth interviews, direct observation and literature study. Data analysis used qualitative analysis with interactive models. Analyzes were carried out during data collection and after the end of data collection. The results showed the existence of agricultural institutions in rural areas of Lombok island based on: land control, production processes, provision / utilization of labor, irrigation, harvest and production sharing, storage and distribution of results, the roots of cultural values ​​of the Sasak ethnic community which are the spirit of institutional development of food security are: a sense of togetherness, help to help, peace and peace of life, obedience and decency (the will to build self-image), and harmony in social and spiritual life. The roles and functions of local institutions for the Sasak ethnic community are: Regulating the system of division of labor, distribution of products and income, strengthening social cohesiveness, managing resources, strengthening social participation, building social harmony, and strengthening the food security system.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN DANA ALOKASI KHUSUS (DAK) BIDANG PENDIDIKAN SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Rochaendi Endi , Salim Ahmad
Published: February 2021

Islamic education institutions in the village of Sumberjo Mranggen, have developed the Tahfidz based curriculum. This policy was decided as a form of the curriculum innovation and development of the madrasah. This study aims to investigate more about the tahfidz-based education concept of madrasah of MTs and MA Taqwiyatul Wathon tahfidz al-Qur'an system and to seek out how the implementation of the curriculum development in the tahfidzbased madrasah education of MTs and MA Taqwiyatu Wathon, Sumberjo Mranggen, Demak, Central Java, Indonesia. The type and method of this research is descriptivequalitative research with a phenomenological approach of data collection techniques: in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The results show (1) the education concept emphasizes the time allocation for the tahfidz al-Qur'an with an extra portion, which additionally added hours to after-school period to attain tahfidz al- Qur'an 30 juz, but in fact this madrasah began to implement tahfidz-based concept from MI to MA purposing students to memorize and apply the contents of the Al-Qur'an in their daily life and (2) the tahfidzbased curriculum development of a madrasah education in MI, MTs and MA Taqwiyatu Wathon, Sumberjo Mranggen, Demak Regency, Central Java is applied to cover the needs for madrasah, development of educational goals, KTSP curriculum, Ministry of Religion curriculum and local content curriculum (Madrasah), learning experiences and curriculum evaluation.
Medieval Communities and the Mad
Authors: Pfau Aleksandra Nicole
Published: February 2021

The concept of madness as a challenge to communities lies at the core of legal sources. Medieval Communities and the Mad: Narratives of Crime and Mental Illness in Late Medieval France considers how communal networks, ranging from the locale to the realm, responded to people who were considered mad. The madness of individuals played a role in engaging communities with legal mechanisms and proto-national identity constructs, as petitioners sought the king’s mercy as an alternative to local justice. The resulting narratives about the mentally ill in late medieval France constructed madness as an inability to live according to communal rules. Although such texts defined madness through acts that threatened social bonds, those ties were reaffirmed through the medium of the remission letter. The composers of the letters presented madness as a communal concern, situating the mad within the household, where care could be provided. Those considered mad were usually not expelled but integrated, often through pilgrimage, surveillance, or chains, into their kin and communal relationships.
Composing Communities
Authors: Pfau Aleksandra
Published: February 2021

An examination of the intellectual context within which the royal notaries
worked sheds light on the complex layers of language about madness in the
fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Legal texts conceived of mental illness
as an inability to comprehend, and therefore a propensity to infringe upon,
the rules governing social and legal interactions. The royal notaries were not
solely influenced by legal terminology and concepts, however. The language
they used to describe madness pulled from a wide variety of discourses
to present a fuller understanding of the meaning of mental incapacity.
Unlike scholars writing within a single discourse, however, notaries often
combined terms in an effort to express their particular image of madness.
Introduction
Authors: Pfau Aleksandra
Published: February 2021

The concept of madness as a challenge to communities lies at the core of
legal sources. This book considers how communal networks, ranging from
the locale to the realm, responded to people who were considered mad.
The madness of individuals played a role in engaging communities with
legal mechanisms and proto-national identity constructs, as petitioners
sought the king’s mercy as an alternative to local justice. The resulting
narratives about the mentally ill in late medieval France constructed
madness as an inability to live according to communal rules. Although
such texts defined madness through acts that threatened social bonds,
those ties were reaffirmed through the medium of the remission letter.
The composers of the letters presented madness as a communal concern,
situating the mad within the household, where care could be provided.
These mad were usually not expelled but integrated, often through pilgrimage,
surveillance, or chains, into their kin and communal relationships.
Local Citizenships and the Visigothic Kingdom
Authors: Martínez Jiménez Javier
Published: February 2021

In recent decades, ethnicity and ethnic identity have been one of the main
issues of academic discussions of late antique and early medieval studies
– including in Visigothic Iberia. Even if the tendency to correlate race and
ethnicity has largely ended, the debate on the role of Goths and Romans
in the Visigothic kingdom is still ongoing. Most of these discussions are
based on funerary remains and how they can be interpreted, and in these
contexts we find an application for comparative anthropology. However, in
urban contexts there is a tendency to obviate this theoretical perspective.
In this chapter I want to go beyond this duality to further develop the
validity of urban identity and citizenship as a form of self-presentation
outside of ethnic duality.
Conflicts over Episcopal Office in Southern Hispania
Authors: Wood Jamie
Published: February 2021

As key figures within their cities and members of regional aristocracies,
bishops have often been seen as playing a pivotal role in the transition
from Roman to post-Roman Hispania. There was a steady growth of
episcopal power in Hispania and the office of bishop frequently became
a source of conflict within Christian communities, as well as between
those communities and neighbours seeking to assert authority from
further afield. The nature of relations between the ‘church’ and the ‘state’
has long been a staple historiographical debate, while in recent decades
‘centre’ and ‘periphery’ has become one of the more popular heuristic
dichotomies. This chapter takes a bottom-up approach to thinking about
how local conflicts within cities related to those between bishops and
‘central’ powers – the imperial government in the case of Spania and the
Visigothic monarchy in the case of Hispania.
Sanctions with Chinese Characteristics
Authors: Poh Angela
Published: February 2021

The view that China has become increasingly assertive under President Xi Jinping is now a common trope in academic and media discourse. However, until the end of Xi Jinping’s first term in March 2018, China had been relatively restrained in its use of coercive economic measures. This is puzzling given the conventional belief among scholars and practitioners that sanctions are a middle ground between diplomatic and military/paramilitary action.

Using a wide range of methods and data — including in-depth interviews with 76 current and former politicians, policy-makers, diplomats, and commercial actors across 12 countries and 16 cities — Sanctions with Chinese Characteristics: Rhetoric and Restraint in China’s Diplomacy examines the ways in which China had employed economic sanctions to further its political objectives, and the factors explaining China’s behaviour. This book provides a systematic investigation into the ways in which Chinese decisionmakers approached sanctions both at the United Nations Security Council and unilaterally, and shows how China’s longstanding sanctions rhetoric has had a constraining effect on its behaviour, resulting in its inability to employ sanctions in complete alignment with its immediate interests.
The Puzzle of Chinese Sanctions
Authors: Poh Angela
Published: February 2021

Chapter 1 introduces the puzzle of this book: given the widespread perception
of China as an assertive rising power as well as the conventional belief
that economic sanctions are a middle ground between diplomatic and
military/paramilitary action, why were Chinese decision-makers up until
the end of Xi Jinping’s first term as president in March 2018 restrained
and reluctant in their use of sanctions? It provides a brief account of the
main argument—that China’s longstanding sanctions rhetoric has had
a constraining effect on its behaviour—and explains the theoretical and
policy significance of this book. It concludes by providing an overview of
the chapters and research design.
Bedouin Poetry in Personal and Public Spheres
Authors: Hahn Allison Hailey
Published: February 2021

Throughout the Middle East and North Africa, Bedouin herders continue to practice their oral tradition of Nabati poetry. This chapter examines the ways that Nabati poetry is produced and shared across social media platforms. The chapter focuses on a Nabati poet, Hissa Hilal, who performed her work on the Million’s Poet reality TV competition show. Her work sparked new debates about the work of women Nabati poets as well as Bedouin women’s rights throughout the region.
German Cinema in the Age of Neoliberalism
Authors: Baer Hester
Published: February 2021

This book presents a new history of German film from 1980-2010, a period that witnessed rapid transformations, including intensified globalization, a restructured world economy, geopolitical realignment, and technological change, all of which have affected cinema in fundamental ways. Rethinking the conventional periodization of German film history, Baer posits 1980-rather than 1989-as a crucial turning point for German cinema's embrace of a new market orientation and move away from the state-sponsored film culture that characterized both DEFA and the New German Cinema. Reading films from East, West, and post-unification Germany together, Baer argues that contemporary German cinema is characterized most strongly by its origins in and responses to advanced capitalism. Informed by a feminist approach and in dialogue with prominent theories of contemporary film, the book places a special focus on how German films make visible the neoliberal recasting of gender and national identities around the new millennium.
Managing Ethnic Minorities with State Non-Repression in Interwar Poland
Authors: Fedorowycz Daniel
Published: February 2021

Why were most ethnic minority organizations in interwar Poland permitted and sometimes encouraged by the state, when the ruling titular ethnic group pursued discriminatory policies against the same minority groups, faced hostility from these groups, and had the capacity to repress their
organizations? Current literature focuses on repression as the main strategy deployed by states to manage these relationships. This article, on the other hand, asks why states allow minority organizations to operate. Using the logic of divide and rule, this article demonstrates that, in the
case of multi-ethnic states, a state may prefer a plurality of organizations representing a certain minority ethnic group, particularly if the group is restive, in order to ensure that a united opposition cannot legitimately threaten the state's political survival.
Las elecciones siguen siendo cosa de dos
Authors: Editor El
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 68, No. 735, 2013: 443-450.
Derechos humanos, seguridad ciudadana y la amenaza de crimen organizado
Authors: Thale Geoff
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 68, No. 735, 2013: 451-460.
Jóvenes y cultura política en El Salvador
Authors: Samour Héctor
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 68, No. 735, 2013: 505-510.
Costos emocionales de la migración en jóvenes hijos de padres migrantes
Authors: Barrera Salinas Juan
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 68, No. 735, 2013: 545-555.
Prevalencia de síndrome metabólico y factores de riesgo en la etnia Kariña, estado Bolívar, Venezuela
Authors: Quiroz Deymar , Quiroz Deynalia , Bognanno Francisco J. , Marin Melania
Published: February 2021

Introducción: El Síndrome Metabólico involucra factores de riesgos en conjunto: hipertensión arterial, obesidad, dislipidemia y resistencia a la insulina, que favorecen el desarrollo de enfermedades cerebrovasculares, cardiovasculares y diabetes. Objetivo general: Determinar la prevalencia del Síndrome Metabólico y sus factores de riesgo en individuos de la etnia Kariña (Mayo 2013 – Mayo 2014). Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y corte transversal; en un universo de 203 individuos; y una muestra de 120 individuos (18-85 años) de la etnia Kariña de la Comunidad de Mayagua, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela. En todos ellos, el perfil lipídico se analizó mediante el método colorimétrico. La glicemia se cuantificó con glucómetro previo ayuno de 12 horas. Se utilizaron los criterios diagnósticos de la Federación Internacional de Diabetes, Asociación Latinoamericana de Diabetes y Panel III de Tratamiento de Adultos. Resultados: La prevalencia del síndrome metabólico fue según la Federación Internacional de Diabetes 46,67%, la Asociación Latinoamericana de Diabetes 39,17%, y Panel III de Tratamiento de Adultos 38,33%, el índice de concordancia de Kappa (k) entre Panel III de tratamiento de Adultos y Federación Internacional de Diabetes indica una fuerza de concordancia considerable, dicho índice entre Panel III de Tratamiento de Adultos y Asociación Latinoamericana de Diabetes denota una fuerza de concordancia casi perfecta al igual que el índice entre Asociación Latinoamericana de Diabetes y Federación Internacional de Diabetes. Conclusión: Se halló alta prevalencia de síndrome metabólico según criterios de Asociación Latinoamericana de Diabetes, Federación Internacional de Diabetes y Panel III de Tratamiento de Adultos; con predominio en el género femenino y en individuos mayores de 50 años.
Struma ovarii: tumor de ovario infrecuente
Authors: Choc Cac. Lilian Soledad , Choc C. Miriam A.
Published: February 2021

El estruma ovárico, neoplasia ovárica infrecuente, constituye un teratoma monodérmico altamente diferenciado hacia tejido tiroideo, cuyo diagnóstico certero lo proporciona la histopatología, siendo su tratamiento definitivo la cirugía.

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 51 años de edad atendida en la 2C Clínica Médica ALOM por dolor abdominal y tumoración de 8 cm en región pélvica derecha, corroborando por ultrasonido una masa anexial de ecogenicidad mixta en dicha región; con marcadores tumorales normales. La conducta quirúrgica consistió en histerectomía total con anexectomía bilateral, evidenciando el diagnóstico anatomopatológico de estruma ovárico del anexo izquierdo y teratoma quístico maduro en el anexo derecho.

Por consiguiente, los datos clínicos, los exámenes imagenológicos y anatomopatológicos permiten diagnosticar el estruma ovárico.
EFFECT OF ALOE VERA GEL ON ACETAMINOPHEN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS
Authors: Majid Hina , Salman Shahid  , Muhammad Suhail  , Sadia Shakeel  , Mariam Ashraf  , Ghazala Rubi
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Aim and Objective: Acetaminophen, commonly known as Paracetamol is a widely used pain killer. However, its overdose leads to kidney damage. Aloe vera gel has abundant antioxidants. The study was designed to establish the protective effect of Aloe vera gel extract on the nephrotoxicity induced by acetaminophen. Material and Method: Three groups were made each having six rats. The rats belonging to group A (control) were provided standard diet and injected with 5 ml normal saline on the 8th day. Group B rats were fed with normal pellet diet and on the 8th day injected with 1000 mg/kg b.w acetaminophen, dissolved in 5 ml of normal saline. The rats of group C were fed with standard pellet diet along with 400 mg/kg b.w Aloe vera gel extract. On the 8th day, they were injected with acetaminophen, 1000 mg/kg b.w dissolved in 5 ml normal saline. The kidneys of all rats were removed and studied under light microscope. The biochemical markers including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine and uric acid levels were measured. Glomerular morphometry was done to evaluate the renal morphology. Results: Aloe vera gel extract produced a significant improvement in the glomerular diameter (p value< 0.01). Biochemical markers including blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were improved and uric acid levels were significantly reduced (p value<0.01). Conclusion: Aloe vera gel extract can serve as an easily available and a safe prospect for the treating nephrotoxicity.
Comparison of the effects of intravenous magnesium sulphate versus intravenous aminophylline in acute attack of asthma in Pediatric Emergency Department, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore
Authors: Arif Zaheer  , Husnul Hayat  , Hussain Faryad , Rizwan Gohar  , Agha Shabbir Ali
Published: February 2021

In children acute severe asthma is a serious condition. The inhaled route for drug delivery is not appropriate when only small respiratory gas volumes are shifted; the i.v. route may be associated with greater side effects. Magnesium sulphate IV has a place in acute asthma management because it is a mild bronchodilator, and has a stabilizing effect on the atria.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of intravenous magnesium sulphate versus intravenous aminophylline in acute attack of asthma.

Study Design: Randomized control trial.

Setting: Emergency Department of pediatric

Duration: April 2017 to October 2017.Material & Methods: 60

cases were included in the study. They were randomly divided in two comparable groups. Children in group A ware treated with intravenous magnesium sulphate and group B with intravenous aminophylline. The efficacy of the drug was judged by the improvement in the sign observed like respiratory rate (less than 40 per minute), pulse rate(<100), oxygen saturation( above 90 %) assessed after the time period of three hours.

Results: Effectiveness of intravenous magnesium sulphate in acute attack of asthma was found in 28 cases in Group A (93.33%) and in 22 cases in Group B (73.33%) with p-value 0.03. However, 6.67% cases (2 cases) in Group A and 26.67% cases (8 cases) in Group B did not show effectiveness.

Conclusion: The clinical efficacy of intravenous magnesium sulphate in managing case of acute severe asthma was better when compared with intravenous aminophylline.
Insight into Genaveh 11-29 Runway Geometric Redesign Based on Meteorological Synoptic Data
Authors: Haghighi Hasan , Asadi Davood , Delahaye Daniel
Published: February 2021

Wind information can provide an optimal estimate of the runway orientation by minimizing the crosswind component of the wind at airports, which severely affects aircraft take-off and landing performance. Additionally, a systematic geometric design requires information on wind speed, direction, duration, and specific information about latitude and longitude, temperature variation, and altitude of the airport site. In the present research, meteorological synoptic data has been precisely measured and collected over Genaveh unconstructed airport for a period of five years. Investigation of the gathered data leads to the selection of an optimal runway orientation using wind rose representation and other data analysis. Additionally, the required runway length has been estimated in order to be compatible with the standards and aircraft types considered to apply the Genaveh site. All analyses are executed for variation of temperature, altitude, landing, and take-off situations. The results demonstrate that the previously considered orientation of the runway is considerably different from the optimal direction by at least 10 degrees. Moreover, a longer runway length is required to cope with the standards to reduce the risk of accidents in the presence of crosswinds.
EVALUASI PROGRAM NASIONAL PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT PENGEMBANGAN INFRASTRUKTUR EKONOMI WILAYAH (PNPM-PISEW)
Authors: Fitriani Aida
Published: February 2021

Program Pengembangan Infrastruktur Sosial Ekonomi Wilayah (Regional Infrastructure for
Social and Economic Development – RISE), yang kemudian disingkat dengan PISEW diharapkan
dapat menjawab kebutuhan dalam melakukan upaya pengentasan kemiskinan, dan pengurangan tingkat
pengangguran terbuka dengan juga meningkatkan kemampuan pemerintah daerah dalam melaksanakan
desentralisasi dan otonomi daerah. Program PISEW dengan intervensi berupa bantuan teknis dan investasi
infrastruktur dasar pedesaan, dibangun dengan berorientasi pada konsep “Community Driven
Development (CDD)” dan “Labor Intensive Activities (LIA)”, sehingga kemudian dikategorikan sebagai
salah satu program PNPM-Mandiri. Dengan demikian kemudian program PISEW dikenal dengan nama
PNPM-PISEW. Indikator-indikator penelitian meliputi , evaluasi perencanaan, evaluasi pelaksanaan,
evaluasi pelaporan, evaluasi pemanfaatan berkelanjutan dan evaluasi penguatan kelembagaan serta dampak
dari pelaksanaan kegaitan PNPM-PISEW di Kecamatan Sintang tahun 2014 baik dampak yang diharapkan
maupun dampak yang tidak diharapkan.
FAKTOR PENINGKATAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN
Authors: Atong Petrus
Published: February 2021

Penelitian tentang Faktor peningkatan pelayanan kesehatan pada Puskesma Sungai Durian
Kecamatan Sintang, pelayanan keluarga kesehatan dan faktor-faktor peningkatan pelayanan kesehatan
keluarga pada Puskesmas Sungai Durian Kecamatan Sintang. Adapun jumlah subyek dalam penelitian
ini adalah beberapa orang dengan rincian sebagai berikut :Tenaga medis yang ada di Puskesma Sungai
Durian Kecamatan Sintang. Teknik Pengumpulan Data Wawancara, dan Observasi. Kegunaan penelitian
yang diharapkan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: Secara Teoritissebagai bahan kontribusi atau
masukan akademis dan pengembangan ilmu sosial dibidang Administrasi Negara, khususnya tentang
Manajemen Pelayanan Public.Kegunaan Praktis kegunaan penelitian yang diharapkan adalah sebagai
sumbangan pemikiran serta usaha-usaha konkrit dan realistis khusus kepada puskesmas kecamatan,
pemerintah kecamatan, serta masyarakat dalam rangka menigkatkan pelayanan kesehatahn keluarga.Aspek
penelitian: Pelayanan kesehataan keluarga dengan indikator : Program pemberdayaan keluarga,Program
kesehatan reproduksi, Program keluarga berencana, Program penguatan kelembagaan dan jaringan KB,
dan Advokasi dan KIE. Faktor penghambat dan pendukung pelayanan keluarga berencana di Puskesmas
Kecamatan Sungai Durian Sintang Kabupaten Sintang dengan indikator:,Faktor peningkatkan pelayanan
keseshatan keluarga. Hasil penelitian faktor peningkatan pelayanan kesehatan keluarga antara faktor
sosialisasi arti penting kesehatan keluarga, fasilitas tenaga medis, sarana dan prasarana serta mobiliasi
jangkauan wilayah keluarga.
Peranan Komunikasi Pariwisata PT. Lovely Holidays Medan Dalam Mempromosikan Objek Wisata Daerah Sumatera Utara
Authors: Pandiangan Lisan Hot
Published: February 2021

Penelitian yang berjudul Peranan Komunikasi Pariwisata PT Lovely Holidays Medan dalam Mempromosikan Objek Wisata Daerah Sumatera Utara. Yang bertujuan untuk menganalisisis komunikasi pariwisata PT Lovely Holidays Medan dalam mempromosikan objek wisata daerah Sumatera Utara, menganalisis faktor-faktor komunikasi pariwisata yang dimiliki PT Lovely Holidays Medan, dan menganalisis bagaimana promosi objek wisata daerah Sumatera Utara. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Informan penelitian diambil berdasarkan purposive sample (sampel bertujuan). Kriteria sampel harus aktif menggunakan komunikasi pariwisata dalam mempromosikan objek wisata Sumatera Utara. Sampel yang terpilih ada 22 orang. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara untuk memperoleh informasi dari informan, penelitian dokumen dari observasi. Dari penelitian ditemukan wisatawan yang umumnya puas dan tidak merasa tertipu dengan materi promosi yang dikomunikasikan komunikator (PT Lovely Holidays). Menurut semua informan, PT Lovely Holidays berupaya menyajikan informasi yang jelas dan tak bermakna ganda. Ini menjaga kepercayaan pelanggan atas paket-paket wisata yang ditawarkan.