bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of the Bilingual Catalan/Spanish Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice
Authors: Calaf Neus , Garcia-Quintana David
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable bilingual version of the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V) for the auditory-perceptual evaluation of voice in Catalan and Spanish speakers.

Method:

The development of this CAPE-V adaptation included Delphi methodology with 20 voice and speech experts reaching consensus on the optimal adapted terminology of the perceptual vocal attributes, considering also input from the original instrument authors. The adaptation and validation of vocal tasks followed a sequential validation procedure, with input from phoneticians and speech-language pathologists. Following pilot testing with a large sample of speech-language pathology students, a refined adapted version was empirically tested for validity and reliability. Concurrent validity was assessed by comparing the adapted CAPE-V with the reference Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain scale. Construct validity was assessed through convergent and discriminant validity analysis. Intrarater and interrater reliability were assessed via intraclass correlation coefficient calculations. User experience was evaluated through a questionnaire. Scale properties were validated using a confusion matrix, and cutoff values were calculated to achieve the optimal balance between sensitivity and specificity.

Results:

Through a formalized consensus process, optimal Catalan/Spanish terminology was determined for the perceptual attributes of voice present in the CAPE-V. An adapted protocol of tasks was obtained that preserves the objectives of the original instrument and the relevance of the phonetic criteria in the target languages. The results demonstrated concurrent validity, construct validity, and intrarater reliability. Interrater reliability was found to depend on the extent to which evaluators shared their internal standards. The raters identified CAPE-V as an effective and preferred instrument.

Conclusion:

An adapted, validated version of the CAPE-V is made available to clinical professionals for the evaluation of voice in Catalan and Spanish speakers.
4-Senses compact exhibit: Novel tool to promote biodiversity
Authors: Mo’in Nurfahana , Sapaat Arney
Published: March 2024

Natural history exhibits serve as a valuable means of raising public awareness and disseminating information about biodiversity. It is one of the ways to attract all generations to mainstream biodiversity by exploring those components in more depth and detail. This research focuses on developing a 4-senses compact exhibit as an innovative tool to promote biodiversity, engaging the senses of sight, hearing, smell, and touch. The study involves students from primary and secondary schools, as the exhibit is intended for various locations such as education and research centers, shopping centers, and schools. The research employs pre- and post-treatment questionnaires to assess the effectiveness of the 4-sense compact exhibit in promoting biodiversity. The results suggest this exhibit is a potent and novel tool for enhancing biodiversity awareness among school students, fostering a deeper understanding and appreciation for nature. Its potential as an educational resource for both primary and secondary schools make it a promising tool to instill a sense of care and appreciation for biodiversity from a young age, contributing to a more environmentally conscious future.
Polymorphism analysis of the Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) gene encoding growth in F5 Golden Kamper chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)
Authors: Mutiara Azizah Elysia , Dwi Annisa Nizma Nata , Graciella Audrey Prajaningtyas Patricia , Bintang Narzassi Angga , Setiadi Daryono Budi
Published: March 2024

Golden Kamper Chicken is a chicken cross between pelung and layer chickens with good meat and egg productivity. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) gene is one factor affecting the speed of chicken growth. This research aims to study the character of F5 Golden Kamper chickens and analyze the IGF-1 gene to determine its effect on chicken growth. The research will be done by hybridizing the F4 Golden Kamper hen and rooster, raising brood stock and DOC, egg collection, growth data collection, blood collection, DNA isolation, DNA amplification, electrophoresis, and sequencing. The observed parameters are DOC weight for the first seven weeks and polymorphism of the IGF-1 gene. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel, Genestudio, MEGA11, and IBM SPSS 25 software. Sequencing data were processed using the Genestudio application, alignment with MEGA11, and genotype-haplotype associations using Pearson correlation and Linear Regression F test. The results showed that the molecular marker polymorphism of the IGF-1 gene was found at 12 mutation points. IGF-1 gene polymorphism did not correlate with the weight of F5 Golden Kamper chickens.
Review on Hybrid Welding Techniques for Improved Joint Performance
Authors: Sonia Pankaj , Mahesh P. Venkata , Nijhawan Ginni , Hlail Saif Hameed , V Revathi , Rao A. Kakoli
Published: March 2024

The process of welding is extensively employed in diverse industrial sectors for the purpose of material joining. The integrity of components or structures is significantly dependent on the quality and performance of welded joints. Nevertheless, conventional welding techniques present certain restrictions, including reduced welding velocity, substandard joint characteristics, and deformation. Hybrid welding techniques have surfaced as a viable solution in recent times to address the limitations and enhance the joint performance.The present study provides a thorough examination of diverse hybrid welding methodologies, encompassing laser-arc hybrid welding, friction stir welding, and hybrid laser welding. The manuscript examines the operational mechanisms, benefits, and constraints of every method. Moreover, the paper presents findings from recent research studies that have examined the collective efficacy of these methodologies across various materials and contexts.The findings indicate that the utilisation of hybrid welding methods has the potential to enhance joint performance through the improvement of mechanical properties, reduction of defects, and minimization of distortion. The manuscript additionally examines the obstacles and prospective avenues in the realm of hybrid welding. The research presented herein offers significant insights for both researchers and practitioners operating within the welding industry. Specifically, it provides guidance on the selection of optimal welding techniques for applications, as well as the optimisation of welding parameters to enhance joint performance.
Eco-Design of Products and Processes: A Review on Principles and Tools for Sustainable Manufacturing
Authors: Singhal Tejendra Singh , Jain Jinesh Kumar , Ramacharyulu D Atchuta , Jain Alok , Abdul-Zahra Dalael Saad , Manjunatha  , Srivastava Arun Pratap
Published: March 2024

Eco-design is a crucial approach in achieving sustainable manufacturing, which seeks to reduce the environmental impact of products and processes throughout their lifecycle. This paper explores the principles and tools that are used in eco-design, providing an overview of the key concepts and methods for sustainable manufacturing. The principles of eco-design are centered on minimizing the environmental impact of products and processes through the use of renewable resources, reducing waste and emissions, and improving energy and material efficiency. The paper discusses these principles in detail and highlights the benefits that can be achieved by implementing eco-design in manufacturing. The tools and methods of eco-design include life cycle assessment (LCA), design for environment (DfE), and environmental management systems (EMS) whereas DfE involves designing products and processes to minimize their environmental impact. EMS provides a framework for managing environmental performance across an organization. The paper also discusses the challenges of implementing eco-design in manufacturing, including the need for collaboration across different functions within an organization, the availability of data and resources, and the complexity of the supply chain. Organizations can implement eco design by utilizing Life Cycle Assessment, eco-labeling, and Design for the Environment. This approach can help organizations initiate or improve sustainable production practices.
Preparing and studying of Au Nanocomposites Synthesized with different polymer matrix
Authors: Jarad Amer N. , Abed Ahmed S. , Mohammed Kahtan A. , Zabibah Rahman S. , Al-khafaji Mohammed , Algburi Sameer , Sharma Shubham
Published: March 2024

This work investigates the impact of several polymer matrix types, which are utilised as a capping layer around gold particles, on the optical properties. Nanocomposite materials consisting of gold and polymers such as polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone were produced by a chemical reduction process. Tri sodium citrate was employed as the reducing agent. using the drop casting approach, nanocomposites based on gold were successfully put as a film on glass substrates.. An investigation was conducted to determine the influence of the polymer matrix type on the optical properties, including surface plasmon resonance, direct band gap, and indirect band gap. Furthermore, the absorption spectra of the materials that were synthesised demonstrated that the selection of the polymer that was utilised during the preparation process has a considerable impact on the location of the plasmonic absorption peak as well as the magnitude of the energy gap. Within the range of 1.9 to 2.3 electron volts (eV), the band gaps were found to be present.
Italian, 2-rainbow and Roman domination numbers in middle graphs
Authors: Kim Kijung
Published: March 2024

Given a graph G, we consider the Italian domination number γI(G), the 2-rainbow domination number γr2(G) and the Roman domination number γR(G). It is known that γI(G) ≤ γr2(G) ≤ γR(G) holds for any graph G. In this paper, we prove that γI(M(G)) = γr2(M(G)) = γR(M(G)) = n for the middle graph M(G) of a graph G of order n, which gives an answer for an open problem posed by Chellali et al. [Discrete Appl. Math. 204 (2016) 22–28]. Moreover, we give a complete characterization of Roman domination stable middle graphs, 2-rainbow domination stable middle graphs and Italian domination stable middle graphs.
Two-echelon supply chain with production disruption and controllable deterioration considering carbon emission under Stackelberg game approach
Authors: Mahato Falguni , Mahata Gour Chandra
Published: March 2024

This paper considers a two-echelon supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer in which the manufacturer faces a random production disruption risk. The manufacturer replenishes the unproduced items to fulfil the retailer’s order from the secondary market at a higher price. To attract more customers, this paper considers a customer’s demand dependent on product selling price, stock level, and freshness level of the fresh items. Furthermore, this paper considers preservation technology investment (PTI) to mitigate the deterioration rate of the items and carbon tax regulation to curb down carbon emissions revealed from the supply chain activities. The Stackelberg game approach with a leader–follower relationship is used considering the manufacturer as a leader and the retailer as a follower. Several theorems are developed to illustrate the concavity of the profit function and to find out the optimal solutions in which the objective is to maximize the manufacturer’s total profit subject to the minimum total cost that the retailer is willing to incur. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the proposed models and the obtained results are compared for with and without carbon tax policy. Finally, sensitivity analysis with some key managerial insights is given to demonstrate the model. The results show that a product’s freshness level influences consumers’ decision to buy more, and that’s why the freshness level is an important competitive tool to increase sales as well as the supply chain’s total profit.
Die COVID-19-Pandemie als Katalysator für telemedizinische Therapieangebote: eine Studie über Kinder und Jugendliche mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 in Deutschland und Österreich
Authors: Klauser Katharina , Ziegler Julian , Augstein Petra , Schmid Stefanie , von Sengbusch Simone , Reschke Felix , Galler Angela , Hofer Sabine E , Schmidt Silke , Sindichakis Marina , Holl Reinhard W.
Published: March 2024

Diese Studie untersucht die Anwendung und Effektivität telemedizinischer Angebote für Kinder und Jugendliche mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 zwischen 2018 bis 2022 und den Einfluss der COVID-19-Pandemie. Der Anteil telemedizinischer Kontakte zeigt eine deutliche Korrelation mit dem Verlauf der COVID-19-Pandemie und verbleibt postpandemisch auf höherem Niveau. Jüngere Patient*innen und Anwender*innen von Diabetes-Technologien oder ihre Familien nutzen verstärkt Telemedizin. Nutzer*innen von Telemedizin zeigten eine bessere Stoffwechseleinstellung. Die Mehrheit der telemedizinischen Angebote stammt von Klinikambulanzen, welche aufgrund ihrer Größe und Ressourcen möglicherweise besser dafür ausgestattet sind.
An Unusual Case of Calcific Periarthritis Causing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Its Management with Ultrasound-Guided Barbotage
Authors: Ariyaratne Sisith , Babhulkar Joban , Babhulkar Ashish , Iyengar Karthikeyan P. , Botchu Rajesh
Published: March 2024

Hydroxyapatite crystal deposition disease (HADD) is a common disorder resulting from the deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite crystals in various soft tissues, typically in periarticular distribution, including tendons, tendon sheaths, joint capsules, ligaments, bursae, periarticular soft tissues, and occasionally within the joints. The more commonly known subtypes of HADD are calcific tendinopathy and calcific periarthritis. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) can be rarely caused by calcific deposits within the carpal tunnel in the setting of HADD-related calcific periarthritis. Imaging, particularly ultrasound and radiographs, is crucial in distinguishing this entity from the conventional form of CTS that tends to be idiopathic. We describe a rare presentation of CTS secondary to calcific periarthritis in a 45-year-old patient, with imaging demonstrating mass-like calcification within the carpal tunnel, with typical features of those seen with HADD. The patient was treated with ultrasound-guided barbotage, with significant clinical improvement. The case highlights a lesser-known cause of CTS as well as a presentation of HADD, and the role of ultrasound-guided barbotage, a minimally invasive procedure, as a viable first-line management option as an alternative to surgery.
Vector-based feedback of continuous wave radiofrequency compression cavity for ultrafast electron diffraction
Authors: Sutter Thomas M. , Lee Joshua S. H. , Kulkarni Atharva V. , Musumeci Pietro , Kogar Anshul
Published: March 2024

The temporal resolution of ultrafast electron diffraction at weakly relativistic beam energies (≲100 keV) suffers from space-charge induced electron pulse broadening. We describe the implementation of a radio frequency (RF) cavity operating in the continuous wave regime to compress high repetition rate electron bunches from a 40.4 kV DC photoinjector for ultrafast electron diffraction applications. Active stabilization of the RF amplitude and phase through a feedback loop based on the demodulated in-phase and quadrature components of the RF signal is demonstrated. This scheme yields 144 ± 19 fs RMS temporal resolution in pump–probe studies.
Design and analysis of a microgripper for trans-scale clamping based on a compliant multistable mechanism
Authors: Hu Luqing , Wang Hongxi , Wang Guanwei , Liang Wenhong
Published: March 2024

Piezoelectric actuators commonly used in microgrippers have a small stroke, and their accuracy is reduced by the transmission amplification unit, which leads to a contradiction between the clamping range and the clamping accuracy in existing piezoelectric-actuated microgrippers. This paper proposes a design scheme to divide the total clamping range of the microgripper into segments based on the compliant multistable mechanism (CMM). First, by using the stable equilibrium positions of the CMM, the total clamping range of the microgripper is divided into multiple smaller clamping sub-intervals to accommodate objects of different scales. Then, the theoretical models of the displacement amplification ratio of the microgripper amplification mechanism and the stiffness of the microgripper in different clamping sub-intervals are established, and the force-displacement characteristics of the CMM are analyzed. Next, through finite element simulation, the correctness of the theoretical analyses is verified, and it is shown that objects between 0 µm and 1.650 mm can be clamped using four clamping sub-intervals under a five times displacement amplification ratio. Finally, a microgripper of the CMM consisting of two three-segment fully compliant bistable mechanisms connected in series is designed and machined, and microgripper segmented clamping experiments are conducted. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the design scheme proposed in this paper.
Diffusion model-based inverse design for thermal transparency
Authors: Liu Bin , Xu Liujun , Wang Yixi , Huang Jiping
Published: March 2024

Generative models in the field of artificial intelligence and their applications and deployment have demonstrated their great strength in the past few years. Of the vast spectrum of generative models, diffusion probabilistic models have proven to be particularly powerful and productive, transforming notions such as text-to-image and text-to-video generation from ideas into practical applications. In our previous works, we proposed a thermal metamaterial-based periodic interparticle interaction mechanism for heat management, with a specific application in thermal transparency. To address the challenging problems associated with the inverse design of thermal metamaterial structures, we employed an autoencoder-based machine learning approach and a reinforcement learning-based approach successfully. In this work, we demonstrate that our particular problems with the inverse design of thermal metamaterial-based periodic lattices for the realization of thermal transparency can also be reframed and efficiently solved by training a generative diffusion probabilistic model that can generate the design parameters corresponding to the desired response. Furthermore, we show that for a specific response, multiple sets of design parameters can be obtained by simply performing multiple inferences with the generative diffusion probabilistic model, enabling us to select the ones that can be more economical to fabricate and implement. Our work is among the first to use a diffusion model for the inverse design of thermal metamaterial-based structures and demonstrates the effectiveness of generating low-dimensional design parameters through a diffusion model.
Tunable cold/warm white light emission from Bi3+/Te4+ co-doped Cs2ZrCl6 perovskite phosphors
Authors: Liu Shaolong , Sun Wenfeng , He Jingxuan , Xiang Xia
Published: March 2024

Combining a single-component white-light phosphor with ultraviolet light emitting diode chips emerges as a promising method to produce white-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). Nevertheless, it is still a challenge for synthesizing single-component white-light phosphors with a high color rendering index (CRI). Herein, Bi3+/Te4+ co-doped Cs2ZrCl6 perovskite white-light phosphor is presented with a high CRI of 91.7 and good stability against oxygen, water, and heat. The Cs2ZrCl6 microcrystals were prepared using an ultrasound-assisted hydrochloric acid method with controllable Bi3+ and Te4+ dopant contents. By manipulating the excitation wavelength, the emission light can be altered between cold and warm white. The Bi3+/Te4+ co-doped Cs2ZrCl6 phosphor can also emit the warm-white light, showing a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 82.9%. The presented Bi3+/Te4+ co-doped Cs2ZrCl6 perovskite phosphors with a high CRI and great environmental stability offer a new approach for the synthesis of single-phase white-light phosphors and have high potentiality for the application of WLEDs.
Numerical simulation of a positive streamer discharge in a combined gap based on aircraft lightning zoning test
Authors: Sun Guoqing , Zhao Zhihang , Duan Zemin
Published: March 2024

The research involves conducting high voltage tests to determine lightning attachment locations on an aircraft model and constructing a streamer discharge simulation model in a 20 cm combined gap. The investigation focuses on the air streamer discharge of a non-uniform electric field in the combined gap through experiments and numerical simulation. The results reveal that the discharge process in the electrode-aircraft model gap closely aligns with the final jump stage of natural lightning. Notably, the surface charge density on the aircraft model exhibits a negative correlation with the radius of curvature. Due to the enhanced electric field strength, the aircraft model tips with bigger curvatures have a greater likelihood of initiating streamer discharge. Once the streamer bridges the electrode-aircraft model gap, the accumulation of space charge results in the aircraft’s surface charge reaching an order of magnitude higher than the initial induced charge.
Magnetic Switching Dynamics and Tunnel Magnetoresistance Effect Based on Spin-Splitting Noncollinear Antiferromagnet Mn3Pt
Authors: Zhu 朱 Meng 蒙 , Dong 董 Jianting 建艇 , Li 李 Xinlu 新录 , Zheng 郑 Fanxing 凡星 , Zhou 周 Ye 晔 , Wu 吴 Kun 琨 , Zhang 张 Jia 佳
Published: March 2024

In comparison to ferromagnets, antiferromagnets are believed to have superior advantages for applications in next-generation magnetic storage devices, including fast spin dynamics, vanishing stray fields and robust against external magnetic field, etc. However, unlike ferromagnetic orders, which could be detected through tunneling magnetoresistance effect in magnetic tunnel junctions, the antiferromagnetic order (i.e., Néel vector) cannot be effectively detected by the similar mechanism due to the spin degeneracy of conventional antiferromagnets. Recently discovered spin-splitting noncollinear antiferromagnets, such as Mn3Pt with momentum-dependent spin polarization due to their special magnetic space group, make it possible to achieve remarkable tunneling magnetoresistance effects in noncollinear antiferromagnetic tunnel junctions. Through first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that the tunneling magnetoresistance ratio can reach more than 800% in Mn3Pt/perovskite oxides/Mn3Pt antiferromagnetic tunnel junctions. We also reveal the switching dynamics of Mn3Pt thin film under magnetic fields using atomistic spin dynamic simulation. Our study provides a reliable method for detecting Néel vector of noncollinear antiferromagnets through the tunnel magnetoresistance effect and may pave its way for potential applications in antiferromagnetic memory devices.
Real-time feedback control of β

p
based on deep reinforcement learning on EAST
Authors: Zhang Y C , Wang S , Yuan Q P , Xiao B J , Huang Y
Published: March 2024

Recently, with the advancement of the AI field, reinforcement learning (RL) has increasingly been applied to plasma control on tokamak devices. However, possibly due to the generally high training costs of reinforcement learning based on first-principle physical models and the uncertainty in ensuring simulation results align perfectly with tokamak experiments, feedback control experiments using reinforcement learning specifically for plasma kinetic parameters on tokamaks remain scarce. To address this challenge, this work proposes a novel design scheme including the development of a low computational cost environment. This environment is derived from EAST modulation experiments data through system identification. To tackle issues of noise and actuator limitations encountered in experiments, data preprocessing methods were employed. During training, the agent collected data across multiple plasma scenarios to update its strategy, and the performance of the RL controller was fine-tuned by adjusting the weight of the integral term of the error in the reward function. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed design were then validated in a simulated environment. Finally, the scheme was successfully implemented on EAST, effectively tracking the β

p
target with lower hybrid wave (LHW) at 4.6 GHz as the actuator, and providing reference for implementing feedback control based on reinforcement learning in tokamaks.
Research on the mechanism and control methods of mechanical drift in linear ultrasonic motors
Authors: Li Xinjian , Yao Zhiyuan , Xu Hao
Published: March 2024

Linear ultrasonic motors (LUMs) have advantages such as de-energized self-locking and micro-nano displacement resolution. However, their positioning and control accuracy are negatively affected by mechanical drift, which limits their application in ultra-precision fields. To date, the quantitative mechanism of LUM mechanical drift under power-off conditions remains unreported. To solve the problem, we employ the creep theory to identify the clamp stiffness parameters and consider the internal friction and stick-slip effects of the slider, thereby establishing a non-autonomous dynamic model of the LUM mechanical drift in the power-off state. Subsequently, we utilize this model to investigate how the LUM’s structural parameters influence mechanical drift and explore methods to mitigate this undesirable phenomenon. Finally, we validate the model’s validity through experimental research. Our findings reveal that structural creep is the primary cause of mechanical drift in LUMs. Increasing the tangential stiffness of the clamp component and slider internal friction proves to be an effective approach to reducing mechanical drift. This study holds substantial theoretical and practical significance as it deepens understanding of the mechanisms of mechanical drift in LUMs and offers a pathway to achieve effective mechanical drift control.
Continuous-variable quantum key distribution over multispan links employing phase-insensitive and phase-sensitive amplifiers
Authors: Notarnicola M N , Cieciuch F , Jarzyna M
Published: March 2024

Transmission losses through optical fibers are one of the main obstacles preventing both long-distance quantum communications and continuous-variable quantum key distribution. Optical amplification provides a tool to obtain, at least partially, signal restoration. In this work, we address a key distribution protocol over a multi-span link employing either phase-insensitive (PIA) or phase-sensitive (PSA) amplifiers, considering Gaussian modulation of coherent states followed by homodyne detection at the receiver’s side. We perform the security analysis under both unconditional and conditional security frameworks by assuming in the latter case only a single span of the whole communication link to be untrusted. We compare the resulting key generation rate (KGR) for both kinds of amplified links with the no-amplifier protocol, identifying the enhancement introduced by optical amplification. We prove an increase in the KGR for the PSA link in the unconditional scenario and for both PSA and PIA in the conditional security setting depending on position of the attack and the measured quadrature.
Escape probability for isotropic emitters near Kerr black hole with astrometric
Authors: Han Yu-Xuan , Zhu Qing-Hua , Huang Qing-Guo
Published: March 2024

The paper investigates the escape probability for isotropic emitters near a Kerr black hole. We propose a new approach to obtain the escape probability in a general manner, going beyond previous case-by-case studies. This approach is based on studies of the black hole shadow with astrometric observable and can be applied to emitters with an arbitrary 4-velocities and locations, even to the emitters outside of the equatorial plane. We also consider representative examples illustrating how escape probabilities vary with distance, velocity, and inclination angle. Overall, this new approach provides an effective method for studying escape probabilities near Kerr black holes.
The Bright Single Pulse Emission from PSR B1133+16
Authors: Tan Jun , Wen Zhi-Gang , Wang Zhen , Duan Xue-Feng , Wang Hong-Guang , Wang Na , Gajjar Vishal , Yuan Jian-Ping , Yuen Rai , Yan Wen-Ming , Chen Jian-Ling , Han Wei , Wang Hui , Lyu Cheng-Bing , Dong Ai-Jun
Published: March 2024

We have conducted a comprehensive investigation into the bright single pulse emission from PSR B1133+16 using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. High time resolution data (61 μs) were obtained at a center frequency of 322 MHz with a bandwidth of 32 MHz over a continuous observation period of 7.45 hr. A total of 1082 bright pulses were sporadically detected with peak flux densities ranging from 10 to 23 times stronger than the average pulse profile. However, no giant pulse-like emission with a relative pulse energy larger than 10 and extremely short duration was detected, indicating that these bright pulses cannot be categorized as giant pulse emission. The majority of these bright pulses are concentrated in pulse phases at both the leading and trailing windows of the average pulse profile, with an occurrence ratio of approximately 2.74. The pulse energy distribution for all individual pulses can be described by a combination of two Gaussian components and a cutoff power-law with an index of α = − 3.2. An updated nulling fraction of 15.35% ± 0.45% was determined from the energy distribution. The emission of individual pulses follows a log-normal distribution in peak flux density ratio. It is imperative that regular phase drifting in bright pulse sequence is identified in both the leading and trailing components for the first time. Possible physical mechanisms are discussed in detail to provide insights into these observations.
Using power system modelling outputs to identify weather-induced extreme events in highly renewable systems
Authors: Grochowicz Aleksander , van Greevenbroek Koen , Bloomfield Hannah C
Published: March 2024

In highly renewable power systems the increased weather dependence can result in new resilience challenges, such as renewable energy droughts, or a lack of sufficient renewable generation at times of high demand. The weather conditions responsible for these challenges have been well-studied in the literature. However, in reality multi-day resilience challenges are triggered by complex interactions between high demand, low renewable availability, electricity transmission constraints and storage dynamics. We show these challenges cannot be rigorously understood from an exclusively power systems, or meteorological, perspective. We propose a new method that uses electricity shadow prices—obtained by a European power system model based on 40 years of reanalysis data—to identify the most difficult periods driving system investments. Such difficult periods are driven by large-scale weather conditions such as low wind and cold temperature periods of various lengths associated with stationary high pressure over Europe. However, purely meteorological approaches fail to identify which events lead to the largest system stress over the multi-decadal study period due to the influence of subtle transmission bottlenecks and storage issues across multiple regions. These extreme events also do not relate strongly to traditional weather patterns (such as Euro-Atlantic weather regimes or the North Atlantic Oscillation index). We therefore compile a new set of weather patterns to define energy system stress events which include the impacts of electricity storage and large-scale interconnection. Without interdisciplinary studies combining state-of-the-art energy meteorology and modelling, further strive for adequate renewable power systems will be hampered.
A multi-method assessment of the regional sensitivities between flight altitude and short-term O3 climate warming from aircraft NO
x
emissions
Authors: Maruhashi Jin , Mertens Mariano , Grewe Volker , Dedoussi Irene C
Published: March 2024

Flight altitude is relevant to the climate effects resulting from aircraft emissions. Other research has shown that flying higher within the troposphere leads to larger warming from O3 production. Aircraft NO
x
emissions are of particular interest, as they lead to warming via the short-term production of O3, but also to reduced warming via processes like CH4 depletion. We focus on short-term O3 production, as it constitutes one of aviation’s largest warming components. Understanding how O3 formation varies altitudinally throughout the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere is essential for designing climate-compatible aircraft and routing. We quantify this variation by performing simulations with a global atmospheric chemistry model for three representative cruise altitudes, five regions and two seasons using three methods: Eulerian tagging, perturbation and Lagrangian tagging. This multi-method, regional approach overcomes limitations of previous studies that utilize only one of these methods and apply global emission inventories biased towards present-day flight distributions, thus limiting their applicability to future aviation scenarios. Our results highlight that underrepresenting emissions in areas with growing flight activity (e.g. Asia Pacific) may lead to significant, regional underestimations of the altitudinal sensitivity of short-term NO
x
-related O3 warming effects in certain cases. We find that emitting in Southern regions, like Australasia, leads to warming larger by a factor of two when compared to global averages. Our findings also suggest that flying lower translates to lower warming from short-term O3 production and that this effect is strongest during the local summer. We estimate differences ranging from a factor of 1.2–2.6 between tagging and perturbation results that are attributable to non-linearities of NO
x
-O3 chemistry, and derived regional correction factors for a widely-used sub-model. Overall, we stress that a combination of all three methods is necessary for a robust assessment of aviation climate effects as they address fundamentally different questions.
Climate change impacts increase economic inequality: evidence from a systematic literature review
Authors: Méjean Aurélie , Collins-Sowah Peron , Guivarch Céline , Piontek Franziska , Soergel Bjoern , Taconet Nicolas
Published: March 2024

While it is widely assumed that poor countries will suffer more from climate change, and that climate change will exacerbate inequalities within countries, systematic and large-scale evidence on this issue has been limited. In this systematic literature review, we examine and synthesize the evidence from the literature. Drawing from 127 individual papers, we find robust evidence that climate change impacts indeed increase economic inequality and disproportionately affect the poor, both globally and within countries on all continents. This result is valid across a wide range of physical impacts, types of economic inequality, economic sectors, and assessment methods. Furthermore, we highlight the channels through which climate change increases economic inequality. While the diversity of different approaches and metrics in the existing literature base precludes extracting a universal quantitative relation between climate change and economic inequality for use in future modelling, our systematic analysis provides an important stepping stone in that direction.
The layer-by-layer assembled ERGO+/ERGO− multilayer modified electrode for sensitive detection of dopamine
Authors: Lin Xiangde , Mo Yanhong , Dai Yuhang , Yan Yuzhong , Zeng Dongdong , Yang Hui
Published: March 2024

Graphene materials represented by graphene oxide (GO) have been widely regarded as functional coatings or films to modify surface of the electrode for detecting dopamine molecules. However, interfacial material properties for detection sensitivity, film stability, and applicability to electrodes are still highly desired. Herein, we first present a screen-printing carbon electrode (SPCE) coated with an electrochemically reduced layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled multilayer driven by an electrostatic interaction between positively charged polyethyleneimine-modified GO with amine groups (ERGO+) and negatively charged carboxyl-functionalized GO (ERGO−), which is briefly described as (ERGO+/ERGO−)n/SPCE. Firstly, without using conventional glassy carbon and gold electrodes, SPCE was tried to make coatings adapt to more flexible and unstable electrodes, simultaneously guaranteeing higher detection performance. Secondly, although a variety of electrochemical sensors such as GO−/SPCE and ERGO−/SPCE were obtained through the drop-casting technique, as-prepared (ERGO+/ERGO−)n/SPCE showed much higher electrocatalytic activities with enhanced peak current signals and reduced charge transfer resistance. Finally, excellent electrochemical properties and sensing performances of the (ERGO+/ERGO−)n/SPCE sensor for detection of dopamine were demonstrated, especially having a linear range of 1 μM to 1000 μM. Meanwhile, the detection limit is as low as 0.39 μM and S/N is equal to 3. The present work offers a potential direction to develop GO modified electrodes for sensitive biomolecular detection.
Experimental study and finite element modelling of pure copper tube fabrication via the Parallel Tubular Channel Angular Pressing (PTCAP) Process
Authors: Gadallah Elshafey Ahmed , El-Fahhar Hossam Hemdan , Ahmed Mohamed M Z , El-Sayed Seleman Mohamed M , Alzahrani Bandar , Alamry Ali , El-Aty Ali Abd , El-Shrief Eman
Published: March 2024

The Parallel Tubular Channel Angular Pressing Process (PTCAP) has emerged as a promising method for refining the grain structure and enhancing the mechanical properties of metallic materials through severe plastic deformation. This study focuses on a comprehensive investigation of the PTCAP process, combining experimental and numerical analysis to gain insights into its underlying mechanisms. Experimental investigations involve processing a commercially pure copper tube using PTCAP under controlled conditions. In parallel, an explicit numerical analysis is developed using ABAQUS software to simulate the deformation behavior during PTCAP. The model incorporates material constitutive equations and accounts to describe the material response under high strain rates and large deformations. The research aims to investigate how multi-pass PTCAP affects hardness, strain homogeneity, and stress distribution. A comparison between the load punch from the experimental and FEM is conducted to validate the FEM results, and there is a good correlation between both. Hardness measurements are conducted at various stages to quantify the changes in material hardness resulting from the successive PTCAP passes. The hardness of the Cu tube increased by 63.45, 94.51, 103.98, and 105.64% after 1 to 4 passes, respectively.
Quantitative analysis of liver standardized uptake value repeatability in SPECT/CT implications for clinical practice
Authors: Tokorodani Ryotaro , Kume Toshiaki , Daisaki Hiromitu , Hayashi Naoya , Iwasa Hitomi , Yamagami Takuji
Published: March 2024

Purpose. The aim of this study was to assess the repeatability of the SUV normalized by liver volume (SUVL) between two liver receptor SPECT/CT studies performed on different days in patients with ICG-R15 values within normal range. Methods. 935 patients who underwent liver receptor scintigraphy between January 2010 and August 2018 were included. Patients who underwent liver resection, hepatic arterial embolization or had ICG-R15 >10% between scans were excluded, and 38 patients were finally included in the analysis. The repeatability of SUVL between scans was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (1.1) between SUVLmax, SUVLpeak and SUVLmean at the first and second scan and the additive and proportional errors from the Bland-Altman analysis. Results. In ICC (1,1), SUVLmax, SUVLpeak and SUVLmean were all greater than 0.8, indicating almost perfect repeatability; neither additive nor proportional errors were observed in the Bland-Altman analysis. Conclusions. In patients with ICG-R15 values within the normal range, the SUV Liver (SUVL) between two liver receptor SPECT/CT studies performed on different days was repeatability over time. It was suggested that the SUVL of liver receptor scintigraphy could be an indicator that could be used for follow-up over time in the assessment of liver fibrosis.
A model of sustainable development in economic, social, and environmental aspects: the role of social capital in China
Authors: Zhang Fan , Xiao Feng , Yu Pengju
Published: March 2024

This paper takes China as an example to quantitatively study the weight relationship between economic growth, social welfare, and environmental quality, and explores the role of social capital in promoting sustainable development. This paper constructs the Hamilton optimization model, the ‘sustainable’ element is introduced on the basis of the traditional utility function, and given China’s economic characteristics of numerical simulation analysis was carried out on the model parameters, to reveal the connotation of Chinese sustainable development from the mathematical, to explore the influence mechanism of social capital in promoting sustainable development. Research has found that sustainable development seeks coordinated economic, social, and environmental development. Setting the weight ratio of economic growth, social welfare, and environmental quality at 1:1.5:1.5 can better explain China’s concept of sustainable development. When social capital accelerates its accumulation, it can effectively control the development and utilization of natural resources, and the ecosystem environment can maintain the stable state of the ecosystem through its own regeneration and restoration ability. Social capital has become a new driving force for sustainable development, achieving a steady and rising trend of China’s economic development level. The research conclusions are helpful to promote the sustainable development, and to enrich and expand the relevant research on social capital.
High-performance composite transparent electrode composed of ultra-long silver nanowires and antimony-doped tin oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Sin GyeChol , Ri KukChol , Jon SangMo , Kim GangHyok
Published: March 2024

Composite transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) consisting of silver nanowires (AgNWs) and conductive metal oxides are very promising for flexible optoelectronic devices due to their smooth surface morphology and high chemical stability. However, it is still challenging to ensure high optoelectronic performance and long-term stability in practical applications. Here, we solved these problems by coating antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles dispersion on ultra-long AgNWs network using waterborne polyurethane (WPU) binder. Ultra-long nanowires occupy less wire-wire junctions and space than short nanowires, thus increasing the optoelectronic performance and flexibility of the composite TCE. WPU improves the adhesion and stability of ATO nanoparticles to the substrate and AgNWs network. The fabricated composite TCE showed a low sheet resistance of 11.9 Ω sq−1, good optical transmittance of 83% at 550 nm and a figure of merit (FOM) of 162 compared to PET/ITO electrode. It also showed excellent mechanical flexibility, adhesion to the substrate and solvent stability. Furthermore, the long-term conductivity was maintained under ambient conditions for 60 days.
A machine learning constitutive model for plasticity and strain hardening of polycrystalline metals based on data from micromechanical simulations
Authors: Shoghi Ronak , Hartmaier Alexander
Published: March 2024

Machine learning (ML) methods have emerged as promising tools for generating constitutive models directly from mechanical data. Constitutive models are fundamental in describing and predicting the mechanical behavior of materials under arbitrary loading conditions. In recent approaches, the yield function, central to constitutive models, has been formulated in a data-oriented manner using ML. Many ML approaches have primarily focused on initial yielding, and the effect of strain hardening has not been widely considered. However, taking strain hardening into account is crucial for accurately describing the deformation behavior of polycrystalline metals. To address this problem, the present study introduces an ML-based yield function formulated as a support vector classification model, which encompasses strain hardening. This function was trained using a 12-dimensional feature vector that includes stress and plastic strain components resulting from crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) simulations on a 3-dimensional RVE with 343 grains with a random crystallographic texture. These simulations were carried out to mimic multi-axial mechanical testing of the polycrystal under proportional loading in 300 different directions, which were selected to ensure proper coverage of the full stress space. The training data were directly taken from the stress–strain results obtained for the 300 multi-axial load cases. It is shown that the ML yield function trained on these data describes not only the initial yield behavior but also the flow stresses in the plastic regime with a very high accuracy and robustness. The workflow introduced in this work to generate synthetic mechanical data based on realistic CPFEM simulations and to train an ML yield function, including strain hardening, will open new possibilities in microstructure-sensitive materials modeling and thus pave the way for obtaining digital material twins.
Partitioning variance in a signaling trade-off under sexual selection reveals among-individual covariance in trait allocation
Authors: Reichert Michael S , de la Hera Iván , Moiron Maria
Published: March 2024

Understanding the evolution of traits subject to trade-offs is challenging because phenotypes can (co)vary at both the among- and within-individual levels. Among-individual covariation indicates consistent, possibly genetic, differences in how individuals resolve the trade-off, while within-individual covariation indicates trait plasticity. There is also the potential for consistent among-individual differences in behavioral plasticity, although this has rarely been investigated. We studied the sources of (co)variance in two characteristics of an acoustic advertisement signal that trade-off with one another and are under sexual selection in the gray treefrog, Hyla chrysoscelis: call duration and call rate. We recorded males on multiple nights calling spontaneously and in response to playbacks simulating different competition levels. Call duration, call rate, and their product, call effort, were all repeatable both within and across social contexts. Call duration and call rate covaried negatively, and the largest covariance was at the among-individual level. There was extensive plasticity in calling with changes in social competition, and we found some evidence for among-individual variance in call rate plasticity. The significant negative among-individual covariance in trait values is perpendicular to the primary direction of sexual selection in this species, indicating potential limits on the response to selection.