bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes and Impacts of Heritage Building to Small Hotel Building: A Case Study of Bangkok Story Hostel
Authors: Pongsermpol Chotewit , Upala Prapatpong
Published: December 2017

Over the last decade, trends of adaptive reuse of old buildings turned into hotels have been popular in Thailand, especially in Bangkok. Adaptive Reuse Heritage Building converted to the Hotel Building, AR-HB-hotel, effects changes and impacts in several aspects. There have been established criteria for substantial renovation, business investment and assessment of the value of heritage buildings but no concern has been paid to the surrounding community impact. The objective is to study four issues of AR-HB-hotel focused on (1) physical, (2) economic, (3) value changes, and (4) social impacts. The research method is qualitative approach with case study type. ‘Bangkok Story Hostel’ was selected as a representative case for AR-HB-hotel. This small 3-storey heritage hotel is located in a traditional trading district on Songward Street, Sampanthawong district, Bangkok. For the data collection, building history and project background, as well as physical and economic changes were collected from secondary data, surveys, and in-depth interview. Value change and social impact were collected from in-depth interview and questionnaire. The results showed that the level of physical, economic, and value changes of this building rose up, while the level of social impact stays the same or decreased a little less than the level before the renovation. This research may not be generalized wholly to another case with a significantly different context, but the four main approaches for examining physical, economic, value, and social issues and the procedure used in this study can be a guideline for future studies of AR-HB-hotel’ changes and impacts.
Real and Accrual Earnings Management around Initial Public Offerings in Jordan
Authors: Alhadab Mohammad M.
Published: December 2017

This study examines whether Initial Public Offering (IPO) firms in Jordan utilize real activities and accruals accounting during the offering year to manipulate income. To date the current study is the first to examine real activities and accrual earnings management that undertaken by IPO firms in Jordan. Using a Jordanian sample of 41 IPO firms over the period between 2000 and 2011, this study provides new evidence to the literature that IPO firms in Jordan utilize real activities and accruals accounting to inflate net income that is reported during the offering year. In particular, the findings of current study show that IPO firms report a higher level of earnings manipulation during the offering year that conducted via accrual-based earnings management, sales-based, discretionary expenses-based, and the aggregated measure-based of real activities.
Determinants of Learning Achievements: Empirical Analysis of Seven Schools in Cambodian Primary School
Authors: Ishiguro Kaoru
Published: December 2017

This paper examines the determinants of learning achievements in Cambodian primary schools. Both student factors and family factors are evaluated. The student factors consist of student age, enrollment age, frequency of homework completion, and number of questions to ask in class. The family factors include the father’s educational background, domestic assets, and the student’s commute time to school. The school factors are confirmed to influence the learning achievements, but the results are unclear as to what school factors have a concrete influence.
New Technique to Accelerate Gas Production on CBM Through Use of Sacrifice Well
Authors: Mucharam Leksono , Rahmawati Silvya , Purba Rafael
Published: December 2017

Coal Bed Methane (CBM) is an unconventional resource that shows great promise, particularly in Indonesia, whose CBM reservoir is relatively thick. Gas reserves of CBM are estimated at 450 TSCF in Indonesia, which makes it, the 6th largest CBM-containing country in the world. However, regulatory and technical limitations slow the progression of the exploitation of this resource. One of the fundamental technical problems is related to the length of gas production due to the duration of the dewatering time. Many studies have been developed related to the production of CBM, and this paper discusses several characteristics, patterns and techniques regarding the production of methane gas from coal through the use of a sacrifice well. Several scenarios are analysed with the use of a simulator. The results show that the production of a thick CBM reservoir, with some sensitivity patterns of production through the use of a sacrifice well, have an influence on the production of gas and water for the exploitation of CBM resources. In other words, the use of new techniques that are discussed in this paper have an impact on reducing the dewatering time and are effectively implemented in Indonesia, which has thick CBM formations.
OS DIREITOS COLETIVOS NA CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS: O CASO DA COMUNIDADE INDÍGENA YAKYE AXA V. PARAGUAI
Authors: Batista Michelle
Published: December 2017

Com o intuito de verificar se no Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos, através da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH) há uma resposta satisfatória quando são julgados casos que envolvam direitos coletivos, mesmo sem possuir instrumentos específicos do processo coletivo, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a evolução no tratamento dos direitos coletivos, utilizando como parâmetro os instrumentos de processo coletivo do Brasil. O caso julgado pela CIDH escolhido para análise, através de documentos oficiais, foi o caso da comunidade indígena Yakye Axa contra o Paraguai, julgado no ano de 2010. A análise do caso demonstra que a CIDH possui um procedimento satisfatório para analisar e julgar casos que envolvam direitos coletivos.
JUDICIALIZAÇÃO DA SAÚDE E PRAGMATISMO
Authors: Piazenski Fernando José , Aguiar Julio Cesar de
Published: December 2017

O artigo trata da chamada judicialização dos cuidados com a saúde, focalizando a tendência atual dos tribunais de resolver os casos aplicando um silogismo lógico simples, no qual a premissa maior é o direito à assistência médica e a premissa menor é a necessidade dos demandantes. O artigo argumenta que, como resultado dessa metodologia, as soluções apresentadas vão contra o princípio da isonomia e causam externalidades negativas à própria política pública. Em seguida, propõe-se uma visão pragmática que não torne o sistema inviável e atenda ao princípio de que todos devem ser tratados de forma igual.
Renesans of supracricoid partial laryngectomy with crico-epiglotto-hyoidopexy or with crico -hyoidopexy – is it possible? Literature rewiev
Authors: Berger Greta , Kosztła - Hojna Bożena , Reszeć Joanna , Chyczewski Lech
Published: December 2017

Supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) with crico-epiglotto-hyoidopexy (CHEP) or crico- hyoidopexy (CHP) is technically difficult. Although SCPL is effective in patients with laryngeal cancer, postoperative rehabilitation of speech and swallowing is needed for good functional outcomes. We discuss what patients can benefit from SCPL, with CHEP or CHP, and when these procedures are contraindicated.
Penetrating neck trauma
Authors: Marków Magdalena , Zieliński Maciej , Kawecka Izabela , Lampe Natalia , Ścierski Wojciech
Published: December 2017

Penetrating neck traumas are traumas that pass through the platysma muscle, and they account for 5% to 10% of all neck traumas. Penetrating head traumas can damage vital structures such as the airways, esophagus, major nerves and vessels. Thus, patients with penetrating neck traumas should be treated in hospital, and doctors should be careful when deciding on the best treatment. Currently, the need for surgery can be established based on imaging tests, clinical status of the patient, medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Exploratory surgery is not necessary particularly because it is associated with complications. We present two patients with penetrating neck traumas who were treated in our center: a 22-year-old patient with a foreign body that, for two years, mimicked a tumor, and a 45-year-old patient with a stab wound requiring immediate treatment. In the first patient, finding the foreign body earlier would have allowed an immediate removal, which would have prevented subsequent surgery and reduced the risks of leaving the foreign body in the neck. In the second patient, immediate contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the neck showed a foreign body, its size and position, which helped to plan surgery. Conclusions: In hemodynamically stable patients with penetrating neck traumas, doctors should choose the best treatment based on imaging, medical history, and physical examination.
MAXIMUM SUBARRAY PROBLEM OPTIMIZATION FOR SPECIFIC DATA
Authors: Rojek Tomasz
Published: December 2017

The maximum subarray problem (MSP) is to the find maximum contiguous sum in an array. This paper describes a method of Kadanes algorithm (the state of the art) optimization for specific data (continuous sequences of zeros or negative real numbers). When the data are unfavourable, the modification of the algorithm causes a non significant performance loss (1% > decrease in performance). The modification does not improve time complexity but reduces the number of elementary operations. Various experimental data sets have been used to evaluate possible time efficiency improvement. For the most favourable data sets an increase in efficiency of 25% can be achieved.
Las clínicas jurídicas y la identidad del jurista: reflexiones filosófico-jurídicas a partir del debate italiano | Legal Clinics And The Identity Of The Jurist: A Legal-Philosophical Perspective From The Italian Landscape
Authors: Bernardini Maria Giulia
Published: December 2017

Resumen: Si bien en Italia el debate sobre las clínicas jurídicas está en una fase inicial, cada vez hay un mayor número de universidades que están poniendo en marcha iniciativas vinculadas a tal fenómeno emergente. Ello permite plantearse nuevas cuestiones, en especial aquellas relacionadas con las clínicas, pero también es posible reconfigurar algunos de los temas “clásicos” y fundamentales de la filosofía del derecho. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo apuntar algunos de tales aspectos. Así tras una reconstrucción del marco general del debate, me detendré sobre los temas principales de la experiencia clínica, esto es la formación del jurista y la tensión por alcanzar la justicia social.

Abstract: Although the Italian debate concerning legal clinics is at the beginning, a growing number of Law Schools is starting to explore this approach to legal education. As a consequence, new topics specifically concerning legal clinics arise, while others – more “traditional” for legal-philosophical experts – need to be reconfigured and re-articulated. This essay aims at addressing some of the latter aspects: once the terms of the debate have been reconstructed, I will consider two of the main topics of the clinical experience, namely the jurist’s formation and the tension towards social justice outcomes.
La imprecisión del lenguaje legislativo, expuesta en el artículo 18 LRJSP | The Imprecision Of Statutory Language, Exposed In Section 18 Of The Spanish Act On Legal Status Of The Public Sector (LRJSP)
Authors: Rodríguez-Toubes Muñiz Joaquín
Published: December 2017

Resumen: La imprecisión lingüística es una de las razones principales por las que es necesario interpretar las disposiciones legales, junto a la percepción de incongruencia entre su significado y la razón práctica que las explica o justifica. Son causas de imprecisión del lenguaje legislativo la vaguedad, la ambigüedad semántica, la ambigüedad pragmática y algunas otras, como la redundancia, la repetición, la infraespecificación, la inconsistencia y las anomalías. Todas ellas están presentes en el artículo 18 de la Ley 40/2015, de 1 de octubre, de Régimen Jurídico del Sector Público. El trabajo analiza la imprecisión lingüística de las leyes con una clasificación de problemas sistemática y tomando este artículo como caso de estudio.

Abstract: Linguistic imprecision is one of the main reasons why interpreting statutes is necessary, besides the perception of incongruence between their meaning and the practical reason that explains or justifies them. Causes or imprecision of statutory language are vagueness, semantic ambiguity, pragmatic ambiguity and some others, such as redundancy, repetition, infraspecification, inconsistence and anomalies. All of them are present in section 18 of the Spanish Law 40/2015, of 1 October, of Legal Regime of the Public Sector [Ley de Régimen Jurídico del Sector Público]. The paper analyses the linguistic imprecision of statutes with a systematic and comprehensive classification of problems, and taking that section 18 as a study case.
Derecho, soberanía y Pluralismo constitucional en el contexto de la globalización. Un análisis de sus tensiones y complejidades | Law, Sovereignty and Legal Pluralism in The Context of Globalization. An Analysis of its Tensions and Complexities
Authors: Martínez de Bringas Asier
Published: December 2017

Resumen: El texto realiza un análisis de las  tendencias del Derecho en la globalización, como consecuencia de las transformaciones operadas en las maneras de entender el sentido y la naturaleza de la soberanía, poniendo énfasis en la  dimensión paradójica que presenta el derecho en la UE en relación-tensión con el derecho constitucional de los Estados. Las relaciones jurídicas se han hecho mucho más complejas como consecuencia de la irrupción del inevitable pluralismo en la manera de entender el Derecho. Es lo que vamos a denominar como Pluralismo Constitucional, que en sus propias maneras de producción, distribución y aplicación opera según la lógica de la red, haciendo más complejo e interdisciplinar la interpretación de cualquier práctica jurídica.

Abstract: In this paper we will proceed with an analysis of trends in the globalization of law as a result of the transformations in the ways of understanding the meaning and nature of sovereignty, emphasizing the paradoxical dimension has the right in the EU in tension with the constitutional right of states. The legal relationships have become much more complex as a result of the inevitable emergence pluralism in the way of understanding the law. It is what we call as Constitutional Pluralism, which in its own ways of production, distribution and application operates as a network, making it more complex and interdisciplinary the interpretation of any legal practice. Some of the changes and transformations that occur as a result of this new paradigm of Legal Pluralism will be some of the scope of this writing.
Los poderes probatorios del juez y el modelo de proceso | Evidential Powers of the Judges and the Procedural Models
Authors: Ferrer Beltrán Jordi
Published: December 2017

Resumen: El artículo ofrece un replanteamiento del debate sobre la conveniencia de atribuir poderes probatorios al juez. Para ello, se sostiene, por un lado, que la respuesta para ese debate debe vincularse necesariamente al modelo de proceso y de juez que se pretenda implementar, así como a la necesidad de sostener el objetivo de averiguación de la verdad en el proceso judicial. Por otro lado, una respuesta adecuada al problema planteado requiere un análisis cuidadoso de los distintos poderes probatorios y del reparto de los mismos entre el juez y las partes.

Abstract: The paper analyzes the debate on the convenience of attributing evidential powers to the judge. Ii is argued, on the one hand, that any response for this debate depends necessarily upon 1) the features of two models to be implemented: the model of the judicial process and that of the judge; as well as upon 2) the need to assume the search for truth as the aim in every judicial process. On the other hand, a correct answer to the problem needs a careful analysis of the different -and differently distributed- evidential powers the judge and the parties have.
Trends in reconstruction of three nucleus-encoded, plastid-localized pathways for the heme, chlorophyll a and isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesises in two separate dinoflagellate lineages bearing non-canonical plastids
Authors: Matsuo Eriko , Inagaki Yuji
Published: December 2017

Background: The ancestral dinoflagellate most likely established a peridinin-containing plastid, which have been inherited to the extant photosynthetic descendants. However, kareniacean dinoflagellates and Lepidodinium species were known to bear “non-canonical” plastids lacking peridinin, which were established through haptophyte and a green algal endosymbioses, respectively. For plastid function and maintenance, the aforementioned dinoflagellates were known to use nucleus-encoded proteins vertically inherited from the ancestral dinoflagellates (vertically inherited- or VI-type), and those acquired from non-dinoflagellate organisms (including the endosymbiont). These observations indicated that the proteomes of the non-canonical plastids derived from a haptophyte and a green alga were modified by “exogenous” genes acquired from non-dinoflagellate organisms. However, there was no systematic evaluation addressing how “exogenous” genes reshaped individual metabolic pathways localized in a non-canonical plastid.

Results: In this study, we surveyed transcriptomic data from two kareniacean species (Karenia brevis and Karlodinium veneficum) and Lepidodinium chlorophorum, and identified proteins involved in three plastid metabolic pathways synthesizing chlorophyll a (Chl a), heme and isoprene. The origins of the individual proteins of our interest were investigated, and assessed how the three pathways were modified before and after the algal endosymbioses, which gave rise to the current non-canonical plastids. We observed a clear difference in the contribution of VI-type proteins across the three pathways. In both Karenia/Karlodinium and Lepidodinium, we observed a substantial contribution of VI-type proteins to the isoprene and heme biosynthesises. In sharp contrast, VI-type protein was barely detected in the Chl a biosynthesis in the three dinoflagellates.

Discussion: Pioneering works hypothesized that the ancestral kareniacean species had lost the photosynthetic activity prior to haptophyte endosymbiosis. The absence of VI-type proteins in the Chl a biosynthetic pathway in Karenia or Karlodinium is in good agreement with the putative non-photosynthetic nature proposed for their ancestor. The dominance of proteins with haptophyte origin in the Karenia/Karlodinium pathway suggests that their ancestor rebuilt the particular pathway by genes acquired from the endosymbiont. Likewise, we here propose that the ancestral Lepidodinium likely experienced a non-photosynthetic period and discarded the entire Chl a biosynthetic pathway prior to the green algal endosymbiosis. Nevertheless, Lepidodinium rebuilt the pathway by genes transferred from phylogenetically diverse organisms, rather than the green algal endosymbiont. We explore the reasons why green algal genes were barely utilized to reconstruct the Lepidodinium pathway.
Cryo-EM structure of the bifunctional secretin complex of Thermus thermophilus
Authors: D'Imprima Edoardo , Salzer Ralf , Bhaskara Ramachandra M , Sánchez Ricardo , Rose Ilona , Kirchner Lennart , Hummer Gerhard , Kühlbrandt Werner , Vonck Janet , Averhoff Beate
Published: December 2017

Secretins form multimeric channels across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria that mediate the import or export of substrates and/or extrusion of type IV pili. The secretin complex of Thermus thermophilus is an oligomer of the 757-residue PilQ protein, essential for DNA uptake and pilus extrusion. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of this bifunctional complex at a resolution of ~7 Å using a new reconstruction protocol. Thirteen protomers form a large periplasmic domain of six stacked rings and a secretin domain in the outer membrane. A homology model of the PilQ protein was fitted into the cryo-EM map. A crown-like structure outside the outer membrane capping the secretin was found not to be part of PilQ. Mutations in the secretin domain disrupted the crown and abolished DNA uptake, suggesting a central role of the crown in natural transformation.
Heterodimers reign in the embryo
Authors: Tajer Benjamin , Mullins Mary C
Published: December 2017

Experiments by three independent groups on zebrafish have clarified the role of two signaling factors, Nodal and Gdf3, during the early stages of development
Fuel‐Free Bio‐photoelectrochemical Cells Based on a Water/Oxygen Circulation System with a Ni:FeOOH/BiVO4 Photoanode
Authors: Zhang He , Yu You , Zhang Lingling , Dong Shaojun
Published: December 2017

A bio‐photoelectrochemical cell (BPEC) based on a fuel‐free self‐circulation water–oxygen–water system was fabricated. It consists of Ni:FeOOH modified n‐type bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) photoanode and laccase catalyzed biocathode. In this BPEC, irradiation of the photoanode generates photocurrent for photo‐oxidation of water to oxygen, which is reduced to water again at the laccase biocathode. Of note, the by‐products of two electrode reactions could continue to be reacted, which means the H2O and O2 molecules are retained in an infinite loop of water–oxygen–water without any sacrificial chemical components. As a result, the assembled fuel‐free BPEC exhibits good performance with an open‐circuit potential of 0.97 V and a maximum power density of 205 μW cm−2 at 0.44 V. This BPEC based on a self‐circulation system offers a fuel‐free model to enhance multiple energy conversion and application in reality.
A New Portal to SuFEx Click Chemistry: A Stable Fluorosulfuryl Imidazolium Salt Emerging as an “F−SO2+” Donor of Unprecedented Reactivity, Selectivity, and Scope
Authors: Guo Taijie , Meng Genyi , Zhan Xiongjie , Yang Qian , Ma Tiancheng , Xu Long , Sharpless K. Barry , Dong Jiajia
Published: December 2017

Sulfuryl fluoride, SO2F2, has been found to derivatize phenols in all kinds of environments, even those in highly functional molecules. We now report that a solid fluorosulfuryl imidazolium triflate salt delivers the same “F−SO2+” fragment to Nu−H acceptor groups in the substrates. However, this triflate salt is a far more reactive fluorosulfurylating agent than SO2F2 and displays selectivity preferences of its own. Moreover, the new azolium triflate reagent reacts once with primary amines and anilines before the reaction stops. On the other hand, with triethylamine and two equivalents of the “F−SO2+” donor present, it proceeds on to the bis(fluorosulfuryl)imides in good yield—two important conversions that we have never seen with sulfuryl fluoride as the electrophile.
An Efficient Method for the Conjugation of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Components by Solid‐Phase‐Assisted Disulfide Ligation
Authors: Muguruma Kyohei , Shirasaka Takuya , Akiyama Daichi , Fukumoto Kentarou , Taguchi Akihiro , Takayama Kentaro , Taniguchi Atsuhiko , Hayashi Yoshio
Published: December 2017

Chemical conjugation between hydrophilic and hydrophobic components is difficult because of their extremely different solubility. Herein, we report a new versatile method with a solid‐phase‐assisted disulfide ligation to overcome the difficulty of conjugation attributed to solubility. The method involves two steps in a one‐pot process: 1) loading of a hydrophobic molecule onto a resin in an organic solvent, and 2) release of the solid‐supported hydrophobic molecule as a conjugate with a hydrophilic molecule into an aqueous solvent. This strategy allows the use of a suitable solvent system for the substrates in each step. Conjugates of a water‐insoluble drug, plinabulin, with hydrophilic carriers that could not be prepared by solution‐phase reactions were obtained in moderate yields (29–45 %). This strategy is widely applicable to the conjugation of compounds with solubility problems.
Stabilization of the Reductase Domain in the Catalytically Self‐Sufficient Cytochrome P450BM3 by Consensus‐Guided Mutagenesis
Authors: Saab‐Rincón Gloria , Alwaseem Hanan , Guzmán‐Luna Valeria , Olvera Leticia , Fasan Rudi
Published: December 2017

The multidomain, catalytically self‐sufficient cytochrome P450 BM‐3 from Bacillus megaterium (P450BM3) constitutes a versatile enzyme for the oxyfunctionalization of organic molecules and natural products. However, the limited stability of the diflavin reductase domain limits the utility of this enzyme for synthetic applications. In this work, a consensus‐guided mutagenesis approach was applied to enhance the thermal stability of the reductase domain of P450BM3. Upon phylogenetic analysis of a set of distantly related P450s (>38 % identity), a total of 14 amino acid substitutions were identified and evaluated in terms of their stabilizing effects relative to the wild‐type reductase domain. Recombination of the six most stabilizing mutations generated two thermostable variants featuring up to tenfold longer half‐lives at 50 °C and increased catalytic performance at elevated temperatures. Further characterization of the engineered P450BM3 variants indicated that the introduced mutations increased the thermal stability of the FAD‐binding domain and that the optimal temperature (Topt) of the enzyme had shifted from 25 to 40 °C. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of consensus mutagenesis for enhancing the stability of the reductase component of a multidomain P450. The stabilized P450BM3 variants developed here could potentially provide more robust scaffolds for the engineering of oxidation biocatalysts.
Study on the Kinetics and Transformation Products of Sulfur Mustard Sulfoxide and Sulfur Mustard Sulfone in Various Reaction Media
Authors: Popiel Stanisław , Nawała Jakub , Dziedzic Daniel , Gordon Diana , Dawidziuk Barbara
Published: December 2017

Considering postulates of the Chemical Weapons Convention, this article is an attempt to improve the decontamination methods of mustard gas (HD) and studying its products of decontamination. It is widely known that mustard gas sulfoxide (HDO; O═S(CH2CH2Cl)2) and sulfone (HDO2; O2═S(CH2CH2Cl)2) undergo further transformations to another compounds, but so far kinetics of these processes have not yet been investigated neither carefully nor thoroughly. This study is focused on determination of kinetics and mechanisms of transformation of HD oxidation products. The primary objective of this study is to assess the impact of selected factors on the kinetics of the HCl elimination reaction and to determine the conditions in which cyclization reactions of divinyl sulfoxide and sulfone proceed. The HDO and HDO2 decay kinetics were monitored in an aqueous solution of the desired pH. The rate of HCl elimination from HDO and HDO2 is strongly dependent on pH. For example, with pH increasing from 9 to 12 the rate of HCl elimination from HDO increased over 1200 times. In solutions of pH 9, HDO loses hydrogen chloride at approximately 100 times slower compared to HDO2, and the difference is reduced with increasing pH. In pH 12 solutions, the rate of hydrogen chloride loss from HDO2 is only 20 times higher than the HCl loss from HDO. Divinyl sulfoxide and sulfone undergo a further transformation in a strongly alkaline environment, leading to cyclization and formation of 1,4‐thioxane sulfoxide and sulfone, respectively. Elimination of HCl from HDO and HDO2 goes with a rapidly increasing rate with increasing pH if alkalinity of the reaction medium is relatively very high (the range of pH 9–12). Furthermore, the conversion of divinyl sulfone and sulfoxide to sulfoxide and sulfone thioxane, respectively, occurs at a measurable rate when the pH of the solution is in the range of 12–14.
Kinetics of the Production of Castor Oil Maleate through the Autocatalyzed Thermal Reaction and the Free Radical Reaction
Authors: H. Maia Dayanne L. , Alves Filho Elenilson G. , Barros Junior Antonino F. , N. Fernandes Fabiano A.
Published: December 2017

Castor oil maleate is used in drying oils, water‐soluble paints, healthcare products, synthetic lubricants, and as a monomer in several polymers. This maleate can be produced by a direct autocatalyzed reaction between castor oil and maleic anhydride. However, the reaction rate can be increased using a free radical catalyst. In this work, the influence of the concentration of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and temperature in the kinetics and productivity of castor oil maleate was studied. The optimal operating condition was found at 120°C, 1 mol of maleic anhydride/mol of castor oil, and 0.003 mol of BPO/mol of castor oil, yielding 90.0% of castor oil maleate in 90 min. A kinetic model was developed, and the model parameters were estimated both for the thermal autocatalyzed reaction and the free radical reaction.
Cycling Efficiency During Incremental Cycle Ergometry After 24 Hours of Overfeeding or Fasting
Authors: Vinales Karyne L. , Schlögl Mathias , Reinhardt Martin , Thearle Marie S. , Krakoff Jonathan , Piaggi Paolo
Published: December 2017

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine whether net cycling efficiency (NET) is altered by 24‐hour fasting or overfeeding and whether it correlates with dietary‐related energy expenditure (EE) and future weight change.

Methods

In a crossover design, healthy subjects fasted or were overfed for 24 hours while in a whole‐room calorimeter using five diets with doubled energy needs: standard, high‐carbohydrate (75%), high‐fat (60%), high‐protein (30%), and low‐protein (3%) diets. Graded cycling exercise at low power outputs (10‐25‐50 W) was performed the day before and after each dietary intervention.

Results

NET did not change following any dietary intervention (allP > 0.05 vs. 0). Individual changes in NET did not correlate with EE responses to dietary interventions. However, the change in NET after low‐protein overfeeding was inversely correlated with baseline body fat (r = −0.60,P = 0.01); that is, NET increased in lean but decreased in overweight subjects (Δ = 0.010 ± 0.010 vs. −0.013 ± 0.009,P = 0.0003). Increased NET following the low‐protein diet was associated with weight gain after 6 months (r = 0.60,P = 0.05).

Conclusions

Despite no substantial effect of acute overfeeding or fasting on NET, the change in NET following low‐protein overfeeding depends on adiposity and may influence weight change, suggesting that increased efficiency in a setting of protein scarcity is an adaptive response that may ultimately lead to weight gain.
Conflict monitoring and detection in the bilingual brain
Authors: TEUBNER-RHODES SUSAN , BOLGER DONALD J. , NOVICK JARED M.
Published: December 2017

Bilinguals sometimes outperform monolinguals on tasks involving cognitive control – the regulation of mental activity when confronted with information-processing conflict – perhaps stemming from experience monitoring for and resolving conflict between languages. We test the hypothesis that bilingualism affects moment-to-moment cognitive-control recruitment by examining how trial history influences bilinguals’ and monolinguals’ behavioral performance and associated neural activity on a Stroop task. We assessed dynamic effects of preceding trial conflict on current trial performance to separate the ability to proactively detect conflict (performance on new instances of conflict) from the ability to reactively recruit cognitive control (performance on trials following conflict). Across two experiments, monolinguals’ – but not bilinguals’ – accuracy decreased after non-conflict trials, i.e., when detecting initial conflicts. Bilinguals exhibited greater conflict-detection activity in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC/insula; BA 47) within a language-switching network, suggesting that they may monitor for information-conflict more proactively than monolinguals by recruiting brain regions involved in switching languages.
In situ development of amorphous Mn–Co–P shell on MnCo2O4 nanowire array for superior oxygen evolution electrocatalysis in alkaline media
Authors: Han Jingrui , Hao Shuai , Liu Zhiang , Asiri Abdullah M. , Sun Xuping , Xu Yuanhong
Published: December 2017

Core–shell Mn–Co–P@MnCo2O4 nanoarray on Ti mesh (Mn–Co–P@MnCo2O4/Ti) acts as a durable water oxidation electrocatalyst with an overpotential of 269 mV to drive 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH.
Association of Peripheral Blood Pressure with Grey Matter Volume in 19- to 40-Year-Old Adults
Authors: Schaare H. Lina , Masouleh Shahrzad Kharabian , Beyer Frauke , Kumral Deniz , Uhlig Marie , Reinelt Janis D. , Reiter Andrea M.F. , Lampe Leonie , Babayan Anahit , Erbey Miray , Roebbig Josefin , Schroeter Matthias L. , Okon-Singer Hadas , Müller Karsten , Mendes Natacha , Margulies Daniel S. , Witte A. Veronica , Gaebler Michael , Villringer Arno
Published: December 2017

Objective

To test whether elevated blood pressure (BP) relates to grey matter volume (GMV) changes in young adults who had not previously been diagnosed as hypertensive (systolic BP (SBP)/diastolic BP (DBP)≥140/90 mmHg).

Methods

We associated BP with GMV from structural 3 Tesla T1-weighted MRI of 423 healthy adults between 19-40 years (mean age=27.7±5.3 years, 177 women, SBP/DBP=123.2/73.4±12.2/8.5 mmHg). Data originated from four previously unpublished cross-sectional studies conducted in Leipzig, Germany. We performed voxel-based morphometry on each study separately and combined results in image-based meta-analyses (IBMA) to assess cumulative effects across studies. Resting BP was assigned to one of four categories: (1) SBP<120 and DBP<80 mmHg, (2) SBP 120-129 or DBP 80-84 mmHg, (3) SBP 130-139 or DBP 85-89 mmHg, (4) SBP≥140 or DBP≥90 mmHg.

Results

IBMA yielded: (a) lower regional GMV was correlated with higher peripheral BP; (b) lower GMV with higher BP when comparing individuals in sub-hypertensive categories 3 and 2, respectively, to those in category 1; (c) lower BP-related GMV was found in regions including hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, frontal and parietal structures (e.g. precuneus).

Conclusions

BP≥120/80 mmHg was associated with lower GMV in regions that have previously been related to GM decline in older individuals with manifest hypertension. Our study shows that BP-associated GM alterations emerge continuously across the range of BP and earlier in adulthood than previously assumed. This suggests that treating hypertension or maintaining lower BP in early adulthood might be essential for preventing the pathophysiological cascade of asymptomatic cerebrovascular disease to symptomatic end-organ damage, such as stroke or dementia.
SAKE (Single-cell RNA-Seq Analysis and Klustering Evaluation) Identifies Markers of Resistance to Targeted BRAF Inhibitors in Melanoma Cell Populations
Authors: Ho Yu-Jui , Anaparthy Naishitha , Molik David , Aicher Toby , Patel Ami , Hicks James , Hammell Molly
Published: December 2017

Single-cell RNA-Seq’s (scRNA-Seq) unprecedented cellular resolution at a genome wide scale enables us to address questions about cellular heterogeneity that are inaccessible using methods that average over bulk tissue extracts. However, scRNA-Seq datasets also present additional challenges such as high transcript dropout rates, stochastic transcription events, and complex population substructures. Here, we present SAKE (Single-cell RNA-Seq Analysis and Klustering Evaluation): a robust method for scRNA-Seq analysis that provides quantitative statistical metrics at each step of the scRNA-Seq analysis pipeline including metrics for: the determination of the number of clusters present, the likelihood that each cell belongs to a given cluster, and the association of each gene marker in determining cluster membership. Comparing SAKE to multiple single-cell analysis methods shows that most methods perform similarly across a wide range cellular contexts, with SAKE outperforming these methods in the case of large complex populations. We next applied the SAKE algorithms to identify drug-resistant cellular populations as human melanoma cells respond to targeted BRAF inhibitors. Single-cell RNA-Seq data from both the Fluidigm C1 and 10x Genomics platforms were analyzed with SAKE to dissect this problem at multiple scales. Data from both platforms indicate that BRAF inhibitor resistant cells can emerge from rare populations already present before drug application, with SAKE identifying both novel and known markers of resistance. In addition, we compare integrated genomic and transcriptomic markers to show that resistance can arise stochastically within multiple distinct clonal populations.
Binding of a pathogen effector to rice Exo70 proteins tethered to the NOI/RIN4 integrated domain of the NLR receptor Pii2 confers immunity against fungi
Authors: Fujisaki Koki , Abe Yoshiko , Sugihara Yu , Nemoto Keiichiro , Ito Kazue , Kanzaki Eiko , Ishikawa Kazuya , Iwai Mari , Utsushi Hiroe , Saitoh Hiromasa , Takagi Hiroki , Takeda Takumi , Abe Akira , Zheng Shuan , Bialas Aleksandra , Banfield Mark J , Kamoun Sophien , Terauchi Ryohei
Published: December 2017

As much as 10% of plant immune receptors from the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) family carry integrated domains (IDs) that can directly bind pathogen effectors. However, it remains unclear whether direct binding to effectors is a universal feature of ID-containing NLRs given that only a few NLR-IDs have been functionally characterized. Here we show that the rice (Oryza sativa) sensor NLR-ID Pii2 confers resistance to strains of the rice blast fungusMagnaporthe oryzaethat carry the effector AVR-Pii without directly binding this protein. First, we show that AVR-Pii binds the exocyst subunit OsExo70F2 in rice (Oryza sativa) to dissociate preformed complexes of OsExo70F2 with host RPM1 INTERACTING PROTEIN4 (RIN4) at the conserved NOI motif, facilitating a possible virulence function. Second, we show that in its resting state, Pii2 binds OsExo70F2 and OsExo70F3, essential components ofPii-mediated resistance, through its integrated NOI domain. Remarkably, AVR-Pii binding to OsExo70F2/F3 leads to dissociation of the Pii2–OsExo70F2 and Pii2–OsExo70F3 complexes, destabilization of Pii2, and activation of immunity. These findings support a novel conceptual model in which an NLR-ID monitors alterations of tethered host proteins targeted by pathogen effectors, providing insight into pathogen recognition mechanisms.

Significance statement

Plant diseases diminish crop yields by over 20% each year, and deploying resistant crops is the most effective way to combat them. Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-type receptors are the major player in plant resistance against pathogens, with a subset of NLRs containing unconventional domains called integrated domains (ID) derived from host proteins. Previous studies suggest that pathogen avirulence (AVR) effectors directly bind or modify NLR-IDs before they are recognized by the host. Here, we reveal that the rice NLR-ID receptor Pii2 indirectly recognizes AVR-Pii when the effector dissociates Pii2 from the host Exo70 proteins tethered to Pii2. We propose a new model of how NLRs can recognize pathogens, expanding our understanding of plant immunity.
In vivoconfocal microscopy for detection of subconjunctivalOnchocerca lupiinfection in a dog
Authors: Edelmann Michele L. , Jager Mason , Espinheira Filipe , Ledbetter Eric C.
Published: December 2017

A seven‐year‐old male castrated mixed‐breed dog was diagnosed with bilateral subconjunctival masses.In vivoconfocal microscopy facilitated visualization ofOnchocerca lupiadult nematodes and their characteristic cuticular morphology. Long, thin, white nematodes were extracted during excisional biopsy. Histopathologic and parasitologic evaluation confirmed the diagnosis ofO. lupi. In addition to surgical debulking of the parasitic granulomas, the dog received systemic doxycycline, prednisone, and ivermectin therapy.In vivoconfocal microscopy was repeated one year after initial diagnosis, and no remaining nematodes were visible. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of use ofin vivoconfocal microscopy as a noninvasive diagnostic and monitoring tool for canine onchocerciasis.
Twisted Alexander polynomials of 2-bridge knots associated to dihedral representations
Authors: Hirasawa Mikami , Murasugi Kunio
Published: December 2017

Let [Formula: see text] be a non-abelian semi-direct product of a cyclic group [Formula: see text] and an elementary abelian [Formula: see text]-group [Formula: see text] of order [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] being a prime and [Formula: see text]. Suppose that the knot group [Formula: see text] of a knot [Formula: see text] in the [Formula: see text]-sphere is represented on [Formula: see text]. Then we conjectured (and later proved) that the twisted Alexander polynomial [Formula: see text] associated to [Formula: see text] is of the form: [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the Alexander polynomial of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is an integer polynomial in [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we present a proof of the following. For a [Formula: see text]-bridge knot [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] is written as [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the set of [Formula: see text]-bridge knots whose knot groups map on that of [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] odd.
Representation up to homotopy of hom-Lie algebroids
Authors: Merati S. , Farhangdoost M. R.
Published: December 2017

A hom-Lie algebroid is a vector bundle together with a Lie algebroid like structure which is twisted by a homomorphism. In this paper, we use the idea of representations up to homotopy of Lie algebroids to construct a same structure for hom-Lie algebroids and we will explain how representations up to homotopy of length 1 are related to extensions of hom-Lie algebroids.
Magnetized string cosmological models of accelerated expansion of the Universe in f(R,T) theory of gravity
Authors: Pradhan Anirudh , Jaiswal Rekha
Published: December 2017

A class of spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi-V massive string models have been studied in the modified [Formula: see text]-theory of gravity proposed by Harko et al. [Phys. Rev. D 84:024020, 2011] in the presence of magnetic field. For a specific choice of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] being arbitrary parameters, solutions of modified gravity field equations have been generated. To find the deterministic solution of the field equations, we have considered the time varying deceleration parameter which is consistent with observational data of standard cosmology (SNIa, BAO and CMB). As a result to study the transit behavior of Universe, we consider a law of variation for the specifically chosen scale factor, which yields a time-dependent deceleration parameter comprising a class of models that depicts a transition of the Universe from the early decelerated phase to the recent accelerating phase. In this context, for the model of the Universe, the field equations are solved and corresponding cosmological aspects have been discussed. The Energy conditions in this modified gravity theory are also studied. Stability analysis of the solutions through cosmological perturbation is performed and it is concluded that the expanding solution is stable against the perturbation with respect to anisotropic spatial direction. Some physical and geometric properties of the models are also discussed.
Deformation of 𝔬𝔰𝔭(2|2)-modules of weighted densities on ℝ1|2
Authors: Ben Ammar Mabrouk , Mtaouaa Wafa
Published: December 2017

We classify deformations of [Formula: see text]-module structure on the space [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the space of [Formula: see text]-densities on [Formula: see text].
Robust Super-Repellent Anisotropic Silica Films by Emulsion-Based Sol–Gel Growth
Authors: Zhou Yingyu , Chen Hongling
Published: December 2017

In this paper, anisotropic SiO2 with different morphologies were synthesized through an emulsion-based one-pot method by adding various silane coupling agents. Silane coupling agents affected the growth of silica nanostructures at the oil/water interfaces. Robust super-repellent film that showed great durability under different harsh conditions were obtained by bonding the self-assembled anisotropic silica nanostructures (ASN) film to substrate by the commercial acrylic adhesive. The film switched from superhydrophobic (157.1[Formula: see text] to superhydrophilic (0[Formula: see text] after being heat-treated at 500[Formula: see text]C. Further, silane treatment with addition of acid reduced the time of modification. Meanwhile, silane grafting density was improved and superhydrophobicity of calcinated ASN films was regenerated.
Effect of Ni film structure and surface morphology on the growth of graphene by PECVD
Authors: Ren Lipeng , Wang Wei , Yu Chenglei , Duan Saisai , Ma Wenjing , Zhang Kai
Published: December 2017

In this work, Ni films with the thickness of 50[Formula: see text]nm were deposited on (110) silicon substrate by electron beam evaporation at the temperature of 125[Formula: see text]C, 300[Formula: see text]C and 500[Formula: see text]C. Graphene was prepared on Ni films by PECVD to study the effect of Ni film structure and surface morphology on the graphene grown by PECVD. The result shows that the particle size and surface roughness of Ni film increase, as the temperature of substrate go up. The Ni film deposited at 125[Formula: see text]C exhibits amorphous state, and the Ni films deposited at 300[Formula: see text]C and 500[Formula: see text]C exhibit (111) microcrystal structure. The graphene grown on the microcrystalline Ni film deposited at 300[Formula: see text]C is the bilayer structure with less defects and uniform morphology. The graphene prepared on the microcrystalline Ni film deposited at 500[Formula: see text]C has more defects, layers and obvious plane undulation. The analysis indicates that microcrystalline Ni film deposited at 300[Formula: see text]C can be used by PECVD at low temperature to prepare a bilayer graphene with less defects and uniform morphology.
An agenda for research on teaching of physiology.
Authors: Michael J A
Published: December 2017

Calls to reform American medical education have not led to marked changes in the teaching of physiology. In large measure, this is the result of ignorance about how to most effectively teach physiology, a discipline requiring mastery of a complex domain in which the ability to solve problems is essential. However, contemporary cognitive science is beginning to provide us with the needed knowledge. After reviewing some of the key findings in this area, an agenda for research on topics specifically relevant to teaching physiology is proposed.
Student group approach to teaching using Tuckman model of group development.
Authors: Weber M D , Karman T A
Published: December 2017

If health care professionals are to be effective members of an interdisciplinary team of diagnostic specialists, it is critical that their university education equip them for that role. Using Tuckman's four stages of "forming," "storming," "norming," and "performing," university faculty are shown how a group of undergraduate science students can be developed into an organism intent on identifying solutions to problems posed to them (e.g., technical, medical-ethical). The use of the group approach enhances maturity, competence, self-esteem, and motivation of the students and enables the instructor to delegate appropriate responsibilities to the students. In addition to a sense of achievement, students also reported greater appreciation of the ideas, values, and abilities of their group colleagues.