bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PO-104 The shifted balance of high-energy phosphates drives the AMPK dephosphorylation and reduced slow myosin expression during unloading
Authors: Vilchinskaya Natalia , Shenkman Boris
Published: October 2018

Objective Mechanical unloading of postural muscles results in both muscle atrophy and a slow to fast fibre type transition. The cause of such changes is a reduction in slow-type MyHC isoform expression and an increase in fast-type MyHC isoform expression. It is believed that calcineurin/NFAT signalling pathway and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are involved in the regulation of slow-type MyHC isoform. Previously we showed that AMPK phosphorylation is significantly decreased in rat soleus at the early stage of mechanical unloading. We found, that stimulation of AMPK activity at the early stage of gravitational unloading prevents a decline of slow MyHC expression. We assumed that a decrease in AMPK activity in rat soleus at the early stage of gravitational unloading could be associated with changes in the ratio of  intracellular high-energy  phosphates (ATP/ADP). The aim of the study was to investigate the  impact of  high-energy phosphates ratio changes on  AMPK activity and  slow-type MyHC isoform expression in rat soleus muscle at the early stages of gravitational unloading.

Methods To verify the hypothesis, we used administration of β-guanidinopropionic acid (βGPA), before (6 day) and during 24-h hindlimb suspension. The content of phospho-AMPK, phospho-ACC, phospho-PKD, HDAC4/5  in rat soleus was determined by Western-blotting. The amount of MyHCI(β) pre-mRNA and mRNA was evaluated by RT-PCR. 

Results After 24-h HS we observed a decrease (p<0.05) in phospho-AMPK content vs. control group, but in HS+ βGPA group didn’t differ from the control. After 24-h unloading we found a significant  increase in the content of nuclear HDAC4 in the HS group, but in the HS+ βGPA group the content of nuclear HDAC4 didn’t differ from the control group.  24-h unloading resulted in a decrease in MyHCI(β) pre-mRNA and mRNA expression vs. the control group. The expression level of MyHCI(β) pre-mRNA and mRNA in HS+ βGPA group didn’t differ from the control.

Conclusions Thus βGPA administration prevents a decline in AMPK phosphorylation. Therefore, we can conclude that at the early stage of gravitational unloading an accumulation of high-energy phosphates  (ATP, ADP and creatine phosphate) takes place and leads to reduced AMPK activity and a slow to fast myosin fibre type transition. The study was supported by Russian Science Foundation grant # 18-15-00107.
PO-106 Anisochronous aerobic exercise improves glucose and lipid metabolism of obstructive jaundice by activating Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Yuan Afang , Chen Jiaqin , Chen Wei , Peng Qi , Li Di , Shao Changfeng
Published: October 2018

Objective To observe the effect of moderate intensity and different interval aerobic exercise on hepatic injury and AKT signaling pathway induced by severe obstructive jaundice in mice.

Methods 40 male KM mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham operation (OJ) group, model (OM) group, 3-week exercise (ST) group and 6-week exercise (SU) group. Mice in OM group, ST group and SU group all adopted the orthotopic hanging choledochotomy method modified by this study group to construct the animal model of obstructive jaundice. The slope of group ST and group SU were 0% and the speed was 10m/min. After the above 6 weeks of intervention, HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of hepatocytes. Methods of automatic biochemical analyzer test serum total bilirubin (TBIL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspertate aminotransferase (AST), liver function and fasting plasma glucose (GLU), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glycosylated serum protein (GSP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL - C) of sugar, lipid metabolism and biochemical indexes such as detection; Immunohistochemical staining and qrt-pcr technology were used to observe the expression changes of AKT related molecules such as SREBP-1c, LDL-C, gsk-3β, GCK and G6Pase in liver tissues.

Results HE staining showed that the liver cell cords of the normal group were orderly. In the model group, the hepatocytes of the rats were fibrosed in large amounts, which showed degeneration, necrosis and even disordered structure of hepatocytes. In the 3-week exercise group, a small number of hepatic cells were found with patchy necrosis, hepatic lobule structure was changed, and hepatic cords were not well arranged. There was no obvious tissue necrosis in the 6-week exercise group, the hepatic lobule structure was basically normal, and the liver cord was arranged in order. Serological results showed that the levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL - C and GLU in the 6-week exercise group were significantly lower than those in the model group (P < 0.01), and the levels of TG and TC in the 3-week group were also significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In liver tissues, the mRNA and protein expression of related molecules of AKT pathway such as SREBP-1c, LDL-C, gsk-3β, GCK and G6Pase were significantly decreased. 

Conclusions Moderate intensity aerobic exercise can regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in mice with severe liver injury caused by obstructive jaundice. The underlying mechanism may be related to regulating the AKT pathway.
PO-235 Endurance training increased the expression of myocardin in thoracic aorta of T2DM rats
Authors: Gao Derun
Published: October 2018

Objective In recent years, a large number of experimental studies have shown that the proliferation and migration of VSMC are the pathological basis of various vascular diseases, including AS, hypertension, and restenosis after angioplasty. It’s rather remarkable that Phenotypic Modulation of VSMC plays an important role in their proliferation and migration. Myocardin is a key transcription factor for the differentiation of VSMC by far, which can effectively activate the differentiation process of SMC. Many studies have shown that endurance training is an effective way to improve glucose and lipid metabolism. This study attempted to explore the effects of long-term external stress (endurance training) on arterial smooth muscle phenotype modulation and myocardin through secondary vascular disease, in order to provide theoretical support and practical basis for sports therapy in T2DM secondary diseases.

Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into the general feed group (pC) and the high-sugar and high-fat feed group (pD). After 7 weeks, rats in pD were injected a small doses of streptozotocin through abdominal cavity. Those Non-fasting Blood Glucose (NFBG) ≥16.7mmol/L after 72h and with insulin resistance were diagnosed as diabetes. Thereafter, the pC group was randomly divided into a blank control group (C), an endurance training group (E), a diabetes model group (D), and a diabetic+endurance training group (DE). No load platform training was conducted in E&DE group, 5 days per week for 8 weeks. 8 weeks after, BP was measured through left common carotid artery intubation, blood sugar was test by enzyme chemical assay, α-SM-actin, SM-MHC , SM22α,Myocardin and KLF4 were measured through ELISA. 

Results 1. Compared with C, MCP (carotid blood pressure) of D increased significantly, FBG and FINS decreased significantly, expression of α-SM-actin, SM-MHC, SM22α and Myocardin Significantly dropped, KLF4 rose significantly. Compared with D, the expression of FBG in E was significantly down-regulated, FINS was significantly up-regulated, and the expression of α-SM-actin, SM22α and Myocardin was significantly up-regulated.

Conclusions 8 weeks of endurance training significantly increased the expression level of contractile protein in the aorta smooth muscle of diabetic rats, making the smooth muscle phenotype changed from synthetic to contractile type, which effectively inhibited the excessive proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells.Myocardin is one of the hot spots in the study of vascular differentiation in recent years. This study shows that the role of endurance training in improving plaque formation and lowering blood pressure may be produced by regulating myocardin.
PO-274 Photobiomodulation Preconditioning Prevents Hypoxia-ischemia Induced Dyscinesia in a Neonatal Rat Model
Authors: Yang Luodan , Wu Chongyun , Peng Guangcong , Xiao Mengyun , Zhang Quanguang
Published: October 2018

Objective Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) injury caused by oxygen deprivation is the most common cause of severe neurologic deficits and dyscinesia in neonates. The work was designed to evaluate the preventative effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) preconditioning on HI-induced Dyscinesia in a Neonatal Rat Model, and its underlying mechanism of PBM action on brain damage in a HI model in neonatal rats.

Methods 10-day-old neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: (a) control group (animals without ligation); (b) HI group (HI animal with PBM pretreatment); (c) PBM group (HI animal with PBM pretreatment). The hanging wire test and cylinder test were conducted to evaluate the the strength and asymmetry of left (contralateral) paw usage, respectively. The volume shrinkage of the brain was analyzed on postnatal day 29. The neuronal loss, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial fragmentation, cytochrome c release, neuronal apoptosis, dendritic and synaptic injury in hippocampus were tested using the brain collected on postnatal day 16.

Results PBM preconditioning significantly attenuated motor function impairment, volume shrinkage, neuron loss, dendritic and synaptic injury after HI. Further mechanistic investigation showed that PBM preconditioning effectively restore HI-induced mitochondrial dynamic changes and inhibit mitochondrial fragmentation, accompanied by a robust suppression of cytochrome c release, and prevention of neuronal apoptosis by inhibition of caspase activation.

Conclusions PBM preconditioning can prevent HI induced dyscinesia and brain injury by maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and inhibiting mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
PO-282 Effects Of Irises On Exercise To Improve Obesity
Authors: Zhu Weihua
Published: October 2018

Objective Iirisin is a protein encoded by the target gene FNDC5 of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator in skeletal muscle. The secretory protein produced by shearing modification can promote the transformation of subcutaneous white fat into brown fat. As a kind of exercise-mediated muscle factor and potential fat factor, Irisin is closely related to obesity, insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism, metabolic syndrome and so on. As an important preventive and therapeutic means of obesity, exercise plays a role in affecting irisin? Through the analysis of the effect of irisin on exercise intervention in obesity, this paper aims to lay a theoretical foundation for irisin to become a new way of thinking and a new target of treatment of obesity.

Methods A computer-based search of the literature on "Research Progress in the Effects of Irisin on Exercise-induced Obesity" was conducted in the Sportdiscussussussand CNKI databases from 2012 to 2017. The key words were "obesity; exercise; Irisin; brown fat". Inclusion criteria were original research, Meta analysis and systematic review. Exclusion criteria: repetitive studies. A total of 86 articles were included in the review.

Results (1) exercise can significantly improve obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and other diseases;(2) Irisin can induce white fat Browning, increase body heat production, reduce body weight, and promote the expression of UCP1 by p38MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Exogenous Irisin can significantly reduce obesity in mice induced by high-fat diet and improve insulin resistance.(3) whether it is one-time exercise or long-term exercise, endurance exercise or resistance exercise, moderate and low-intensity exercise or high-intensity exercise will increase the expression of irisin in skeletal muscle, blood or fat.However, the influence of different exercise intensity and different exercise modes on the expression of irisin is not regular, and the influence and mechanism of different exercise modes and exercise intensity on the expression of irisin between different species and different tissues have not been reported.

Conclusions Exercise can significantly improve the occurrence and development of obesity, and the effect may be achieved by promoting the secretion and expression of irisin in skeletal muscle.
PO-215 The Association of Gait Speed and Quality of Life in Older Adults
Authors: Zhu Hanxiao
Published: October 2018

Objective With aging, the health and self-care ability of the elderly generally decrease, falling into frailty ultimately. In this process, the loss of muscle mass is very obvious, which will result sluggishness, especially in walking speed. This study aimed to assess whether gait speed could be used as a predictor for health-related quality of life in older adults.

Methods 368 subjects were recruited from community-dwelling older adults. Gait speed measurements included usual gait speed (UGS) and fast gait speed (FGS), at a distance of 50 meters. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed through SF-36 questionnaire. The correlation of gait speed and quality of life was analyzed.

Results Gait speed (both UGS and FGS) possessed a closed correlation with the total score of SF-36 questionnaire (r >0.6, P <0.05). Most subcomponent of HRQoL (Physical functioning, role limitations because of physical health problems, social functioning, vitality, and general health perceptions) are related to UGS and FGS, where the correlation coefficient is higher on FGS in Physical functioning, vitality, and general health perception than UGS.

Conclusions Gait speed is correlate to health-related quality of life in elderly people. Therefore, in health services for the elderly, we should strengthen the monitoring of gait speed, and take brisk walking as an effective way of exercise.
PO-225 The Effects on Mitochondria of Exercise Intervention PINK1 RNAi Drosophila Model of Parkinson's Disease Progression
Authors: Huang Liying
Published: October 2018

Objective This research were using PINK1 RNAi drosophila model as object to  investigate the effects of the 3 weeks duration exercise intervention drosophila model of Parkinson’s disease progression. Including mitochondria gather situation and mitochondria complex I activity and climbing activity and wing posture. Trying to prove that Exercise-training can help with the Parkinson disease’s symptom, and also to find out the mechanism of the result. 

Methods Two genotype were used in this research, the normal type VAS-mtGFPo  Mhc/Mhc and the Parkinson type VAS-mtGFP/Cyo Mhc-RNAi/TM2 and all with fluorescent labeling mitochondria by GFP. The exercise-training last for 3 weeks, 5 times per week, we separated the Parkinson type in 4 groups by different training time: 0min per day, 30min per day, 60min per day and 90min per day. The healthy type was control group. We measured the climbing ability and the wings posture every week, also used confocal microscope to watch the aggregation of mitochondria of the chest muscle every week. After 3 weeks training, we grinded all the drosophila to get the mitochondria, and measured the activity of mitochondria complex I. At last, we compared every index of each group with T-text by using SPSS 17.0 and the significance level as the criterion.

Results 1）The climbing ability: No significant difference found in first week, there was a significant difference between 0min group and 30min group in second week and there was a very significant difference between 0min group and 30min group in third week. （P＜0.01）.2) Wing posture: There was a very significant difference between 0min group and 30min group in third week. （P＜0.01）. 3) Activity of mitochondria complex I: Because of the small sample of this experiment, we can’t get a appropriate concentration of mitochondria, but we still got some changes between 30min and 0min. 4) The pictures of mitochondria by confocal microscope: The 30min group has the least aggregations of the mitochondria but a lot aggregations were found in other pictures of other group. 

Conclusions 1)The suitable  Exercise-training can improve the climbing ability and the account of wing posture and extend the life span of drosophila model of Parkinson’s disease. 2) The suitable   Exercise-training can relieve the situation of mitochondrial gathering and improve the activity of mitochondrial complex I.
Edukacja Aleksandra i Mikołaja Pawłowiczów Romanowych
Authors: Strzelczyk Agata
Published: October 2018

This article concerns two very different ways and methods of bringing up two Russian tsars – Alexander the First and Nicholas the First. Although they were brothers, one was born nearly twenty years before the second, and that influenced their future. Alexander, born in 1777, was the first son of the successor to the throne, and was raised from the beginning as a future ruler. The person who shaped his education most was his grandmother, empress Catherine the Second. She appointed the Swiss philosopher La Harpe as his teacher, and wanted Alexander to become an enlightened monarch. Nicholas, on the other hand, was never meant to rule and was never prepared for it. He was born in 1796 as the ninth child, and third son, and by the will of his parents, Tsar Paul I and Tsarina Maria Fyodorovna he received an education more suitable for a soldier than a tsar, but he eventually ascended to the throne after Alexander died. One may ask how these differences influenced them and how they shaped their personalities as people and as rulers.
Wstęp. Filozofie plastyczności i przygodności
Authors: . Praktyka Teoretyczna
Published: October 2018

.
Visual Evidence Accumulation Guides Decision-Making in Unrestrained Mice
Authors: Odoemene Onyekachi , Pisupati Sashank , Nguyen Hien , Churchland Anne K.
Published: October 2018

The ability to manipulate neural activity with precision is an asset in uncovering neural circuits for decision-making. Diverse tools for manipulating neurons are available for mice, but their feasibility remains unclear, especially when decisions require accumulating visual evidence. For example, whether mice' decisions reflect leaky accumulation is unknown, as are the relevant/irrelevant factors that influence decisions. Further, causal circuits for visual evidence accumulation are poorly understood. To address this, we measured decisions in mice judging the fluctuating rate of a flash sequence. An initial analysis (>500,000 trials, 29 male and female mice) demonstrated that information throughout the 1000 ms trial influenced choice, with early information most influential. This suggests that information persists in neural circuits for ∼1000 ms with minimal accumulation leak. Next, in a subset of animals, we probed strategy more extensively and found that although animals were influenced by stimulus rate, they were unable to entirely suppress the influence of stimulus brightness. Finally, we identified anteromedial (AM) visual area via retinotopic mapping and optogenetically inhibited it using JAWS. Light activation biased choices in both injected and uninjected animals, demonstrating that light alone influences behavior. By varying stimulus–response contingency while holding stimulated hemisphere constant, we surmounted this obstacle to demonstrate that AM suppression biases decisions. By leveraging a large dataset to quantitatively characterize decision-making behavior, we establish mice as suitable for neural circuit manipulation studies. Further, by demonstrating that mice accumulate visual evidence, we demonstrate that this strategy for reducing uncertainty in decision-making is used by animals with diverse visual systems.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo connect behaviors to their underlying neural mechanism, a deep understanding of behavioral strategy is needed. This understanding is incomplete for mice. To surmount this, we measured the outcome of >500,000 decisions made by 29 mice trained to judge visual stimuli and performed behavioral/optogenetic manipulations in smaller subsets. Our analyses offer new insights into mice' decision-making strategies and compares them with those of other species. We then disrupted neural activity in a candidate neural structure and examined the effect on decisions. Our findings establish mice as suitable for visual accumulation of evidence decisions. Further, the results highlight similarities in decision-making strategies across very different species.
KEÇİ SÜTÜNDEN FARKLI PIHTILAŞTIRMA YÖNTEMLERİ İLE ÜRETİLEN TULUM PEYNİRLERİNİN OLGUNLAŞTIRILMASI ESNASINDA MEYDANA GELEN DEĞİŞMELER
Authors: Coşkun Hayri , Demirtaş Merve
Published: October 2018

Bu çalışmada; iki farklı yöntemle üretilen tulum
peynirlerinin olgunlaşması sırasında meydana gelen değişmeler ortaya konmuştur.
Keçi sütü pastörize edildikten sonra iki kısma ayrılmış, birinci kısım süt
enzimle (E), diğer grup ise starter kültür (Lactococcus lactis ve
Lactococcus cremoris) ile (A) pıhtılaştırılmıştır. Peynirler önce
10 °C’de 10 gün, sonra +4 °C’de olmak üzere toplam 90 gün olgunlaştırılmıştır.
Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; kurumadde, protein ve yağ değerleri E kodlu peynir
örneklerinde yüksek bulunmuştur (P <0.05). Ayrıca, E kodlu peynir
örneklerinde % WSN, % TCA-SN, % PTA-SN, ADV değerleri ve olgunlaşma indeksi (%)
yüksek (P <0.05) çıkmıştır. Toplam canlı bakteri, koliform grubu
bakteri, Staphylococcus aureus ve maya-küf sayıları enzimle üretilen
örneklerde yüksek çıkmıştır (P <0.05). L* değerleri A kodlu peynir
örneklerinde yüksek (P <0.05), a* değerleri E kodlu örneklerde düşük
çıkmıştır (P <0.05). Yapılan duyusal analizler sonucunda A kodlu
peynir örneği her dönemde panelistler tarafından daha fazla tercih edilmiştir.
Higher steroid sulfation is linked to successful weight loss in obese children
Authors: Reinehr Thomas , Sánchez-Guijo Alberto , Lass Nina , Wudy Stefan A
Published: October 2018

Objective

Little information is available on the steroid sulfates profile in obese children. Therefore, we examined whether sulfated steroids are linked with weight status and associated comorbidities in obese children.

Methods

We analyzed 66 obese children (mean age 10.5 ± 2.5 years, 57.6% female, 53.9% prepubertal, mean BMI 27.0 ± 4.6 kg/m2, 50% with BMI-SDS reduction >0.5, 50% without BMI-SDS reduction) who participated in an outpatient 1-year intervention program based on exercise, behavior and nutrition therapy. We measured intact sulfated steroids (cholesterol sulfate (CS), pregnenolone sulfate (PregS), 17αOH pregnenolone sulfate (17OH-PregS), 16αOH dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (16OH-DHEAS), DHEAS, androstenediol-3-sulfate, androsterone sulfate and epiandrosterone sulfate) by LC–MS/MS, and insulin resistance index HOMA, lipids, blood pressure at baseline and 1 year later.

Results

All sulfated steroids except 17OH-PregS, 16OH-DHEAS, androsterone sulfate and epiandrosterone sulfate were higher in boys compared to girls. Concentrations of CS before intervention were higher in children who lost weight. After 1 year of treatment, both groups showed increased levels of DHEAS, 16OH-DHEAS and androstenediol-3-sulfate, but PregS was only increased in children with weight loss. None of the steroid sulfates was significantly related to cardiovascular risk factors or HOMA except 17OH-PregS, which was associated with systolic blood pressure both in cross-sectional (β-coefficient: 0.09 ± 0.07,P = 0.020) and longitudinal analyses (β-coefficient: 0.06 ± 0.04,P = 0.013) in multiple linear regression analyses.

Conclusions

Since higher steroid sulfation capacity was associated with successful weight intervention in children disruption of sulfation may be associated with difficulties to lose weight. Future studies are necessary to prove this hypothesis.
GH deficiency in patients with spinal cord injury: efficacy/safety of GH replacement, a pilot study
Authors: Cuatrecasas Guillem , Kumru Hatice , Coves M Josep , Vidal Joan
Published: October 2018

Objective

Growth hormone (GH) was shown to stimulate proliferation, migration and survival of neural cells in animal models. GH deficiency (GHD) was reported following traumatic brain lesions; however, there are not available data in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate (1) the frequency of GHD in chronic SCI population; (2) the efficacy/safety of GH replacement in patients with SCI and suboptimal GH secretion.

Design and methods

Nineteen consecutive patients with chronic thoracic complete SCI (AIS-A) were studied. Patients with low GH secretion were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to receive either subcutaneous placebo injections or GH combined with physical therapy, for 6 months. Baseline cranial MRI, AIS motor and sensory scale, quality of life (spinal cord impact measurement) and modified Ashworth spasticity scale, quantitative sensory testing and neurophysiological exploration were assessed at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months following treatment.

Results

Thirteen had GH deficiency. Seven received GH, five placebo and one dropped out. Both groups were similar according to clinical and demographical data at baseline, except for greater GH deficiency in the GH treatment group. At 6th month, patients treated with GH showed a significant improvement in SCIM-III score and in electrical perception threshold up to the 5th level below SCI, on both sides compared to baseline.

Conclusions

GHD seems to be frequent in traumatic SCI and GH replacement is safe without side effects. GH combined with physical therapy can improve quality of life of SCI patients and, strikingly, the sensory perception below lesion level.
A rare variety of congenital adrenal hyperplasia with mosaic Klinefelter syndrome: a unique combination presenting with ambiguous genitalia and sexual precocity
Authors: Shehab M A , Mahmood Tahseen , Hasanat M A , Fariduddin Md , Ahsan Nazmul , Hossain Mohammad Shahnoor , Hossain Md Shahdat , Jahan Sharmin
Published: October 2018

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to the three-beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) enzyme deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder presenting with sexual precocity in a phenotypic male. Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most common sex chromosome aneuploidy presenting with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in a male. However, only a handful of cases of mosaic KS have been described in the literature. The co-existence of mosaic KS with CAH due to 3β-HSD enzyme deficiency portrays a unique diagnostic paradox where features of gonadal androgen deficiency are masked by simultaneous adrenal androgen excess. Here, we report a 7-year-old phenotypic male boy who, at birth presented with ambiguous genitalia, probably a microphallus with penoscrotal hypospadias. Later on, he developed accelerated growth with advanced bone age, premature pubarche, phallic enlargement and hyperpigmentation. Biochemically, the patient was proven to have CAH due to 3β-HSD deficiency. However, the co-existence of bilateral cryptorchidism made us to consider the possibility of hypogonadism as well, and it was further explained by concurrent existence of mosaic KS (47,XXY/46,XX). He was started on glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement and underwent right-sided orchidopexy on a later date. He showed significant clinical and biochemical improvement on subsequent follow-up. However, the declining value of serum testosterone was accompanied by rising level of FSH thereby unmasking hypergonadotropic hypogonadism due to mosaic KS. In future, we are planning to place him on androgen replacement as well.

Learning points:

Ambiguous genitalia with subsequent development of sexual precocity in a phenotypic male points towards some unusual varieties of CAH.

High level of serum testosterone, adrenal androgen, plasma ACTH and low basal cortisol are proof of CAH, whereas elevated level of 17-OH pregnenolone is biochemical marker of 3β-HSD enzyme deficiency.

Final diagnosis can be obtained with sequencing of HSD3B2 gene showing various mutations.

Presence of bilateral cryptorchidism in such a patient may be due to underlying hypogonadism.

Karyotyping in such patient may rarely show mosaic KS (47,XXY/46,XX) and there might be unmasking of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism resulting from adrenal androgen suppression from glucocorticoid treatment.
TISSUE AND BIOCHEMICAL BARRIERS OF SUGAR BEET (BETA VULGARIS L. provar. altissima Doell.) PERICARP
Authors: Klyachenko Oksana , Likhanov Artur , Grakhov Volodymyr
Published: October 2018

Shown that various pericarp of sugar beet hybrids contain a substantial amount of phenolic compounds which are represented by hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids and coumarins. Contained in the fruits of sugar beet triterpenoid saponins enhance the action of phenolic substances, creating complex system of protection of beet sprouts from the negative impact of biotic factors. The model of the functioning of biochemical regulation of seed germination and the formation around the pericarp phytoactive areas, performing the function of the protection system of seedlings from potential competitors and pathogens. A complex reaction of biological activity for water extracts of pericarp in relation to dicotyledonous plants, algae and root rots was established in the experimental data. This test can be used in the selection of sugar beet as a marker of potential resistance of genotypes to fungal and bacterial infections at the stage of seed germination.
INACTIVATION OF PISTACHIO CONTAMINANT ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS BY ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE CAPACITIVE COUPLED PLASMA (AP-CCP)
Authors: Aminroosta Tasouji Mohammad , Hossein Ghorashi Amir , Taghi Hamedmoosavian Mohammad , Bakhshzad Mahmoudi Mahdi
Published: October 2018

Aspergillus flavus toxin contamination of pistachio nuts is a serious problem in terms of health and food security. In this paper, in order to increase the nut shelf life by eliminating or reducing the amount of toxin-producing fungus Aspergillus flavus, pistachios were irradiated with cold plasma, using Atmospheric Pressure Capacitive Coupled Plasma (AP-CCP) generating device using Argon gas. The advantages of this device are both its mobility, adjoining a nuts carrying container for thorough irradiation of the nuts and that the device can be designed in the form of an array of torches for treatment of large quantities of nuts in open air as against in a vaccum chamber. In this way, the sample of nuts are firstly soaked with fungus and then irradiated in different conditions in terms of power, pressure and time. The analysis of experimental results indicates 4 log (66.6%) fungus reductions. This pathogen reduction was observed in 100 Watts, at atmospheric pressure and irradiation duration of 10 minutes.
STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION OF ERYTHROMYCIN PRODUCTION BY Saccharopolyspora erythraea UNDER SOLID STATE FERMENTATION OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: M. A. Shata Hoda , M. Noor El Deen Azza , A. M. Abdelwahed Nayera , A. M. Farid Mohamed
Published: October 2018

In this work, erythromycin production by Saccharopolyspora erythraea NCIMB 12462 was investigated under solid state fermentation (SSF) using beet sugar root (BSR) and agro-industrial materials. Among them oat meal (OM) has given maximum yield. The combination of OM with BSR (3:3 g/flask) proved to be an efficient mixture for erythromycin production as they gave the highest erythromycin level (6531 μg/flask) when compared to BSR and peptone. Supplementation of BSR and OM mixtures with sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as inert support with different inoculum size and additional water enhanced erythromycin production with 3.1-fold higher production than BSR- OM medium. However, increasing SCB content more than 3g/flask always showed an inhibitory effect on erythromycin production. Box-Behnken response surface methodology was applied to further optimize SCB content, inoculum size and moisture level for erythromycin production. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the linear of the selected terms, their interactions and quadric terms of these three variables had significant effects. The moisture level was the key factor influencing erythromycin production, due to its largest F-value (48.01) and the lowest p-value (0.0002) among the three variables. The interactions between SCB content and moisture level had also the most significant effect (F-value = 32.51) on erythromycin production. The optimized medium produced 29884 ug/flask of erythromycin under SSF, which is 1.1% higher than the unoptimized medium.
IDENTIFICATION OF LIPASE PRODUCING FUNGUS ISOLATED FROM DAIRY WASTE CONTAMINATED SOIL AND OPTIMIZATION OF CULTURE CONDITIONS FOR LIPASE PRODUCTION BY THE ISOLATED FUNGUS
Authors: Roy Madonna , Kumar Rupesh , Ramteke Anand , Sit Nandan
Published: October 2018

Fungal strain from dairy waste contaminated soil was isolated for lipase production. The isolated strain was checked for lipase production and the species was identified morphologically by SEM and phylogenetically by NCBI-BLAST analysis. The culture conditions for production of lipase using the isolated fungus with mustard oil as substrate were optimized for obtaining maximum lipase activity and biomass by response surface methodology. Morphological identification and NCBI-BLAST analysis revealed the fungal strain to be of Aspergillus aculeatus. The optimum culture conditions were1% mustard oil concentration, incubation temperature of 35 ⁰C and incubation time of 214.74 h. The lipase activity and biomass at the optimized condition were 9.51 U/ml and 549.88 mg respectively. It can be concluded from the present study that the strain of the fungus Aspergillus aculeatus isolated from dairy waste contaminated soil can be potentially used to produce lipase.
COMPARISON OF THE ANTIOXIDANT AND PHYTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DAWADAWA (SUB-SAHARA AFRICA CONDIMENT) FROM MUCUNA PRURIENS L. AND PARKIA BIGLOBOSA Jacg. UNDER CONTROL CONDITION
Authors: A. O. Gabriel-Ajobiewe Ruth. , O.T. Ifesan Beatrice , M. Ayoko Olajumoke
Published: October 2018

The ethnopharmacological relevance of Mucuna pruriens (Linn) with its’ nutrients content present itself as an option in functional food. This study evaluated the antioxidant and phytochemical properties of Bacillus subtilis fermented condiment (dawadawa) from Mucuna pruriens in comparison with Parkia biglobosa using dehulled, thermally treated seeds. The phytochemicals decreased with increase in pressured cooking time; with the condiment of Parkia having higher significant difference. The total phenol, vitamin C and total flavonoid (TF) content for Mucuna (123.34 mg/g; vit C-0.72 ±0.04 mg/g; TF-22.21 ±0.23 mg/g) were significantly higher than Parkia’s. The FRAP and ABTS scavenging ability of Parkia decreased with cooking time, while that of Mucuna (34.33 ±1.49 mg/g and 98.33 ±1.39 milimol/g) was increasing. Fermented Mucuna (50.73 %) demonstrated higher ability to scavenge 1, 1- diphenyl-2-picryhydrazylradicals. Result obtained suggested that fermented Mucuna may produce valuable contribution to health as an antioxidant in comparison to fermented Parkia as nutraceutical.
Impact of a learning portfolio on reflective, clinical and communication skills in undergraduate dental students- A pilot study
Authors: Eachempati Prashanti , Supe Avinash , Tripathi Raakhi , Kumar KS Kiran , Kyaw Soe Htoo Htoo , Hj Ismail Abdul Rashid , Mayya Anoop , Francis Farias Anand
Published: October 2018

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Student portfolios are a collection of evidence, prepared by the student and evaluated by the faculty member to demonstrate mastery, comprehension, application, and synthesis of a given set of concepts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of portfolio on student's self-reflection, clinical competency and communication skills in daily clinical practice and to know students perception on faculty feedback. A randomized controlled, triangulation study was conducted in Melaka-Manipal Medical College with thirty consenting Year IV BDS students as participants. There was statistically significant improvement for all the outcomes tested in the portfolio group compared to traditional logbook group.
Evaluation of body image, quality of life, tactile sensitivity and pain in women with breast cancer submitted to surgical intervention
Authors: Bueno Juliana Nishimura , Haddad Cinira Assad Simão , Rizzi Samantha Karlla Lopes De Almeida , Giron Patricia Santolia , Facina Gil , Nazário Afonso Celso Pinto
Published: October 2018

SUMMARY Breast cancer is one of the most common types of tumor in the world and the most common among women. There are several treatments for breast cancer; however, the condition often can be accompanied by severe complications in a woman's life. OBJECTIVE: o evaluate and compare body image perception, quality of life, tenderness, and pain in women with breast cancer during preoperative and postoperative periods of 30, 60 and 90 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective longitudinal study. The patients answered the questionnaire “How I relate to my own body”, EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-BR23. We assessed upper limb and breast sensitivity with an esthesiometer. Patients were questioned about the presence and level of pain on a scale of 0 to 10. RESULTS: For body image, it was possible to observe a significant difference between pre and postoperative at 30 days. There were changes in some areas of the EORTC QLQ C30 and EORTC QLQ BR23 questionnaires, such as arm and breast symptoms, social function, constipation, sexual function and satisfaction, among others. For evaluation of breast and axilla sensitivity and assessment of pain, all postoperative periods showed significant differences when compared to the preoperative period. The sensitivity of the inner region of the arm presented no significant change. CONCLUSION: The difference found in the study shows that evaluations on all scales should be done in several periods, using a proper treatment for the changes and individuality of each patient.
Escola Nova em Montes Claros: apropriações e significados atribuídos à individualização e à socialização (1920-1930)
Authors: Veloso Geisa Magela , Veiga Cynthia Greive , Paiva Maria Aparecida
Published: October 2018

RESUMO O artigo tem por objetivo analisar apropriações dos princípios de socialização e individualização, discutindo incompreensões e temores produzidos no âmbito da Escola Normal Official de Montes Claros e postos em circulação por meio da imprensa local. A discussão situa-se no contexto da Escola Nova, cuja proposta de renovação não aconteceu de forma consensual, mas marcada por embates e conflitos. Constatou-se que os conflitos em torno dos princípios da individualização e da socialização geraram o temor à descristianização da sociedade e a entrada do comunismo pela via da escola.
A reforma do Ensino Médio do governo Temer: corrosão do direito à educação no contexto de crise do capital no Brasil
Authors: Lima Marcelo , Maciel Samanta Lopes
Published: October 2018

RESUMO Este trabalho analisa a reforma do ensino médio iniciada pela medida provisória n. 746/2016 e sua relação com a crise do capital. Além de apontar as contradições da lei n. 13.415/2017 para com as demais leis da educação, é apresentado um contraponto entre as primeiras reações do campo progressista da educação e os argumentos representantes das elites neoconservadoras e neoliberais que assumiram o poder com o golpe político-midiático-jurídico de agosto de 2016. A flexibilização e o esvaziamento do currículo do ensino médio podem resultar na corrosão do direito à educação. As medidas de restrição dos gastos primários do Estado brasileiro (DRU, PEC 241/55 e as reformas trabalhista e da previdência) visam asfixiar o “gasto” social estatal para aprofundar o ajuste fiscal e garantir melhores condições de acumulação dos setores rentistas do capital.
3D modeling of geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported embankment under cyclic loading
Authors: Pham H. V. , Dias D. , Dudchenko A.
Published: October 2018

Geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported (GRPS) embankments are an attractive soft soil improvement technique. They are broadly used in infrastructure projects. Most previous studies focused on investigating reinforced piled embankments under static loading. There is a paucity of studies on structure behavior under cyclic loading. In the study, three-dimensional numerical modeling using the finite element method (FEM) was performed with the objective of better understanding the cyclic behavior of GRPS embankments in terms of load transfer mechanisms and settlements. An advanced constitutive model based on the hypoplasticity concept was employed for the embankment fill to simulate the cumulative strain during each loading cycle. Parametric studies related to the embankment height, traffic loading parameters (amplitude and frequency), and number of geosynthetic reinforcement layers are presented. The numerical results obtained indicate that the presence of a geosynthetic reinforcement decelerates the reduction in the arching effect within the embankment fill and decreases the cumulative settlements. The rate of the cumulative settlements decreases with the number of load cycles. The number of geosynthetic reinforcement layers does not appear to influence the soil arching and cumulative settlements.
Design methodology for reinforced railway tracks based on threshold stress approach
Authors: Chawla S. , Shahu J. T. , Gupta R. K.
Published: October 2018

The success of a design methodology for railway track depends on its ability to keep the maximum deviator stress induced on the subgrade due to rail traffic below the threshold stress of the subgrade soil. Considering this, the present study proposes a new design methodology using geosynthetic reinforcement in the track layers to adopt a suitable formation thickness. Geosynthetic reinforcement in one or two layers at suitable interfaces in the track section has been used to reduce the induced deviator stress to acceptable limits. The new method is advantageous in reducing the requirement for formation layer thickness by incorporating geosynthetics. This method also proposes two methods of track design: direct and indirect. The direct method of design uses design charts developed on the basis of numerical and experimental results, whereas the indirect method makes use of empirical equations developed by a computational intelligence technique, Genetic Programming (GP). The accuracy of the indirect method is tested by comparing it with the results of the direct method and verifying by statistical criteria. The indirect method can be very fast to implement for the given set of conditions.
Effectiveness of crack sealing in reducing the rate of pavement deterioration
Authors: Alabi Bortiorkor Nii Tsui , Keller Julius
Published: October 2018

Cracks in highway and airfield pavements pose safety challenges because they can lead to serious surface defects that impair the operations of aircraft or automobiles that use these pavements. It is therefore important to apply treatments that reduce the rate of deterioration caused by cracking. This paper presents a model for determining the effectiveness of crack sealing in terms of the reduction in the rate of pavement deterioration. The model utilises a functional form that accounts for the pre-sealing level of deterioration and the effort (maintenance dollars) expended on the crack sealing treatment, thus facilitating a more intuitive engineering interpretation of the model formulation. Linear and non-linear regression techniques were used to estimate the model coefficients. Using sensitivity analysis, the model quantified the extent to which the level of pre-sealing pavement condition and maintenance treatment expenditure influence the effectiveness (reduction in the rate of deterioration) of the sealing treatment. The paper also shows that the sealing effectiveness due to the crack sealing treatment does not exceed a certain limit (cap) and that this cap is a function of the pre-sealing pavement condition. Furthermore, the paper’s results suggest that the consequences of deferring or not carrying out sealing of a cracked pavement depend on the pre-treatment pavement condition.
The Relationship between Macroeconomic Overheating and Financial Vulnerability: A Quantitative Exploration
Authors: Afanasyeva Elena , Palomino Francisco , Lee Seung Jung , Modugno Michele
Published: October 2018

In this note, we explore the link between indicators of financial imbalances and macroeconomic performance, focusing on the experience of the United States. In an accompanying note, The Relationship between Macroeconomic Overheating and Financial Vulnerability: A Narrative Investigation, we follow a narrative approach to review historical episodes of significant financial imbalances and examine whether these episodes were linked to macroeconomic overheating.
TÜRKİYE – ÇEKOSLOVAKYA TİCARİ İLİŞKİLERİNDE SKODA SİLAH FABRİKASI (1923-1939)
Authors: HAYTOĞLU Ercan
Published: October 2018

Avusturya-Macaristan
İmparatorluğu’nun I. Dünya Savaşı sonunda dağılması ile Çekler ve Slovaklar
birleşerek Çekoslovakya’yı kurmuştur. Slovaklar daha ziyade tarım ile
ilgilendiklerinden, Çekler ülkenin ağır sanayisini ellerinde tutmuşlardır. Çekoslovakya’nın
bu güçlü sanayi yapısı içinde Skoda silah ve otomobil Fabrikaları önemli bir
yere sahip olmuştur. Türkiye iki dünya savaşı arasında kara, deniz ve hava
silahlanması için Çekoslovakya, Almanya, Fransa, Rusya, İtalya, İngiltere ve
Hollanda gibi ülkelerden askeri donanım almaya çalışmıştır. Çekoslovakya ile
Skoda Silah Fabrikasının imal ettiği özellikle top ve top mühimmatı için
bağlantıya geçilmiştir. Türkiye Hükümeti, Skoda Silah Fabrikası’ndan 1923’den
1939’a kadar farklı tarihlerde farklı silah ve savaş malzemesi satın almıştır.
Bu silah ticareti Skoda Şirketi ile Türkiye Hükümeti arasında bir takım
anlaşmalar yapılmasını kaçınılmaz kılmıştır. Bu anlaşmalar bağlamında Türk
subayları Çekoslovakya’ya, Çekoslovak danışmanlar Türkiye’ye gelip gitmişlerdir.
Hükümet ve şirket arasında bazı sorunlar yaşanmakla birlikte 1939’a kadar
ilişkiler devam etmiştir.             Bu
çalışma ile silah satışlarının gizli tutulması sebebiyle silah ve savaş
malzemesi miktarları çok fazla ayrıntılı tespit edilememiş ise de ticaretin
varlığı ve karşılaştığı sorunlar ortaya konulmuştur.

Bu çalışmada
Başbakanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivi, kitap, makale ve süreli yayınlardan
faydalanılmıştır.
Denizli İlinin Tüketici Temelli Marka Değeri Algısı: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma
Authors: AKYILDIZ Bahar , KOÇOĞLU Duygu
Published: October 2018

Günümüzde rekabet
yalnızca işletmeler arasında değil aynı zamanda şehirler ve ülkeler arasında da
yaşanmaktadır. Şehirler ve ülkeler daha fazla ziyaretçi ve yatırımcı çekerek
ekonomilerini kalkındırmak için pazarlama faaliyetlerinde markalaşmaya önem vermektedirler.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Denizli ilinin; sakinleri, ziyaretçileri ve Pamukkale
Üniversitesi öğrencilerinin tüketici temelli marka değeri algısını ölçmektir.
Ayrıca bu gruplar arasındaki farklılıkları ortaya koymak ve marka değerini
oluşturan boyutları, cinsiyet faktörünü dikkate alarak incelemektir.
Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden, anket tekniği kullanılmış, 530 kişi
ile birebir görüşme yapılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde, betimsel
analizlerden, güvenilirlik analizi, Pearson korelasyon analizi ve bağımsız
örneklem t-testi gibi istatistiksel testlerden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma
sonucunda, ziyaretçilerin ve sakinlerin Denizli ilinin marka değeri algısının
öğrencilere göre daha yüksek düzeyde olduğu; erkek katılımcıların, kadın katılımcılara
göre sadece marka imajı boyutunda daha yüksek algıya sahip olduğu tespit
edilmiştir. Ayrıca ziyaretçiler arasında, kadın katılımcılar, erkek
katılımcılara göre, marka farkındalığı ve algılanan kalite boyutunda daha
yüksek algıya sahiptir.