bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
George Dibble and Modernism in Utah
Authors: Nelson Glen
Published: September 2024

This chapter turns to Mormonism’s fraught relationship with midcentury modernism through the lens of Utah artist George Dibble. The chapter offers a case study in community consciousness, by which any monolithic understanding of Mormon art unravels to show that complicated conversations surrounding artistic identity are in constant tension with institutional authority and social attitudes. This cultural approach analyzes the artworks themselves, but moves beyond them to widen our understanding of the ways art is embedded in local contexts. The ways modernism could be seen as a pejorative or even a death knell for Latter-day Saint artists shed light on how a seminal work acquired by an institution could end up in a trash can.
Group Work PracticeAn Overview
Authors: Knight Carolyn
Published: September 2024

This chapter describes the status of group work education, which has seen a steady decline despite the widespread use of the group modality. This underscores the urgent need for this book. The nature of mutual aid—which is unique to group work and is the foundation of its benefits—is explained. Group workers have two sets of clients—the group as a whole and each member—and they understand that they must attend to the behaviors of each. The practitioner’s primary role is to encourage members to support and learn from one another. The author identifies distinct group types and the different ways in which mutual aid is promoted and accomplished in each. The author also discusses the trauma-informed (TI) conceptualization and its relevance for group work practice. This modality is ideally suited to promoting TI principles, which include trust, safety, empowerment, and sensitivity to diversity, equity, and inclusion.
Group Work with Fathers Who Are Incarcerated or in Residential Treatment
Authors: Greif Geoffrey L.
Published: September 2024

This chapter describes a four-session group work model for fathers who are incarcerated or are in a residential treatment or rehabilitation facility. This model is based on more than 10 years of work with these populations. The first session focuses on introductions and a description from each member about their parenting situation. In the second session, the fathers are asked to describe their family situation growing up, with a focus on what worked for them and what they wished to pass on to their children. The third session centers on their relationships with the women in their life in relation to childrearing. The final session revolves around the messages that society puts out about men’s and women’s roles. Common themes that arise are offered, as are ways to intervene in a group context.
Group Work in a Shelter with Parents Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Knight Carolyn
Published: September 2024

In this chapter, the author describes group work in a shelter for parents who are homeless. Two different organizational contexts are examined. In one, residents of a 30-day emergency shelter are required to attend daily group meetings, and in the other, residents of a 90-day shelter are required to attend a once-a-week open discussion group if they are in the shelter at the time of the meeting. Common themes that emerge are identified and include members’ experiences with previous trauma, community violence, and systemic marginalization, as well as their frustration and anger at the lack of resources. The author also describes strategies the leader can employ to promote members’ resilience and empowerment, to address members’ concerns about the leader’s ability to be helpful, and to manage disruptive interpersonal dynamics that surface in the group.
Group Work with Asian and Asian American Family Caregivers of Individuals with Dementia
Authors: Lee Youjung , Cook Kelley
Published: September 2024

Older immigrant populations are growing rapidly, and the number of family members serving as caregivers for these older adults is increasing as well. This chapter presents approaches to working with immigrant family caregivers of individuals with dementia, focusing on Asian and Asian American family members. Multifaceted needs of these caregivers, ways to provide a culturally responsive psychoeducational support group, and common themes that mental health practitioners need to understand when working with this population are discussed. The proposed support group for immigrant family caregivers includes reviewing information about dementia and treatment, dementia caregiving skills, stress management, and positive aspects of dementia family caregiving. Unique characteristics of the Asian family caregivers that need to be addressed are reviewed, including each immigrant family’s acculturation level, language proficiency, immigration status, and the impact of the Coronavirus. Approaches to termination and evaluation of the group work with Asian immigrant caregivers are presented.
Group Work with Children Who Have Experienced Sexual Abuse
Authors: Offermann Betsy , Beltran Monica , Rollo Cynthia , Davis Sara
Published: September 2024

In this chapter the authors describe group work with children impacted by sexual abuse, addresses clinical and cultural considerations, and identifies common themes and trauma-informed strategies. Group participation normalizes members’ experiences to decrease feelings of isolation, social stigmatization, powerlessness, and betrayal. The authors provide information about the structure of the group, developmental considerations, assessment, issues associated with diversity, equity, and inclusion, therapist stance, co-leadership, termination, and challenges group leaders may face in facilitating this group. Detailed descriptions and clinical examples of structured group interventions are included to increase readers’ understanding of children’s responses to sexual abuse and techniques to build coping skills, promote better communication, and empower members while maintaining a group culture of safety.
The Rainbow Club
Authors: Ovadia Alissa Greif , Baum Jennifer , Mills Ellen , Stewart Lauren , Wheeler Christin
Published: September 2024

This chapter describes the authors’ experiences facilitating a Rainbow Club group in an elementary school. Rainbow Clubs are groups in elementary schools for students who are LGBTQ+, or who have LGBTQ+ parents, guardians, or other family members, and allies in the LGBTQ+ community. The goal of these clubs is to create a supportive and affirming space for all students and to help make the school community inclusive and safe for students who identify as LGBTQ+ and/or who have family members who identify as LGBTQ+. Clubs also aim to educate all students on LGBTQ+ rights and to teach allies how to be positive supporters. In this chapter, the authors describe how the group functions and offer a blueprint for other schools to follow.
Generation Exaggeration
Authors: Gabrillo James
Published: September 2024

This chapter examines birit’s legacies in the pop music industry by analyzing its enduring popularity over the past two decades, despite critiques from an elite minority concerning birit’s supposed garish embellishment and tasteless craftsmanship. Key case studies include the jukebox musical Rak of Aegis, the longest-running original Philippine stage production in contemporary history, and Symphonic Aegis—Aegis in Symphony featuring the band’s collaboration (and perceived classicization) with the Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra. The chapter also traces birit’s influence to generations of pop singers, who have emulated and adapted the style for their own performances—including successful mainstream music acts like Sarah Geronimo, aspiring Philippine artists on local and international reality singing competitions, and viral personalities on social media. Birit holds a unique place in Philippine culture, existing simultaneously at its mainstream center and on the fringe of official narrativizations of the nation’s musical history.
Star-Making and Spectatorship
Authors: Gabrillo James
Published: September 2024

This chapter explores pop music moments on one of the most popular television shows in new-millennium Manila: Pinoy Big Brother, a local franchise of the global reality program. Hinged on a combined framework of sociological character study and surveillance as entertainment, the Philippine edition has notably served as the country’s foremost star-making platform—an acting, singing, and dancing talent search—since the show’s premiere broadcast in 2005 until today. Interrogating Pinoy Big Brother’s convergences of hyperbolization, aesthetic style, sound design, storytelling, and musical staging that are novel to the Philippine context, the chapter analyses the soundscapes of excerpt segments and memorable musical moments from the program. It builds on applications of the previous conceptualization of phony space, while also developing a multimedia framework of star space to understand the show’s interplay of character hierarchy, plot manipulation, and musical innovation—convergences geared toward the development of new stars and musicians.
Moral Suffering
Authors: Rushton Cynda Hylton
Published: September 2024

Moral suffering, the anguish experienced in response to various forms of moral adversity including moral harms, wrongs, failures, or unrelieved moral stress that in some way imperil integrity is commonplace in clinical practice. There are various types of moral suffering that arise from myriad sources that involve witnessing, participating in, or directly precipitating situations that produce a wide range of negative moral outcomes. Threatened or imperiled integrity may accompany particular aspects of clinician practice and contribute to disengagement and alienation among clinicians from their professions, the people they serve, their organizations and themselves. To transform moral suffering, individual and systemic reforms are necessary.
Religion in a Changing Workplace
Authors: Ecklund Elaine Howard , Daniels Denise , Scheitle Christopher P.
Published: September 2024

This book summarizes the culmination of five years of research on faith at work in the United States, featuring insights generated from a survey of over fifteen thousand adults and three hundred in-depth interviews. The authors make the case for the thoughtful inclusion of religious identities in the workplace and argue that employers should accommodate religious self-expression at work. While many companies are increasingly recognizing and embracing the business value of employees bringing their whole selves to work, there is some uncertainty about how to respond to workers’ religious and spiritual identities, and a fear that such expression will lead to workplace conflict. This book provides scholarly evidence to help companies understand and develop ways to respond to the presence of religion in the workplace in a thoughtful way. This data-driven yet accessible approach helps organizational leaders, workers, and scholars understand both the challenges and benefits of the integration of faith at places and spaces of employment. By looking at how workers from a variety of religious traditions and social groups are bringing their faith into the workplace, the authors identify why and how organizations can engage diversity of religious belief and expression in the workplace. Until now, there has been little broad information for organizational leaders on how a wide range of workers understand their work vis-à-vis their faith, and how religious identities and practices overlap with and may be key to fostering other kinds of workplace diversity, like gender, sexuality, and racial diversity.
Leaders Fear Faith Expression
Authors: Ecklund Elaine Howard , Daniels Denise , Scheitle Christopher P
Published: September 2024

Some workers and organizational leaders fear that expressions of faith will lead to marginalization and conflict in the workplace, particularly if one worker’s faith comes in conflict with another worker’s faith or expression of faith. Fear of conflict is often related to talking openly about one’s faith, something evangelical Christians are particularly likely to do. Workers and organizational leaders often respond by encouraging themselves and others to privatize their faith at work or to completely separate faith from work. But this approach can diminish the potential value of faith in the workplace. This chapter argues that a thoughtful and nuanced approach to supporting religion in the workplace is better than suppressing faith at work.
The Why for How: Religion, Coping, and Meaning at Work
Authors: Ecklund Elaine Howard , Daniels Denise , Scheitle Christopher P
Published: September 2024

Sometimes the pain of work that needs to be coped with is defined by extreme stress and traumatic events. Sometimes the pain is the dullness or monotony of the work—as in many entry-level office jobs. Many workers use religion to find meaning in and cope with difficult work situations. Faith-based workplace communities such as employee resource groups are a helpful resource for a broad spectrum of workers who are experiencing stressful times at work. But when workers use religion to cope privately with workplace stress, organizations are often let off the hook for making work organizations more humane. Workplace organizational leaders should be supportive of faith-based employee resource groups (ERGs) and workplace chaplaincy programs while also proactively taking steps to remove sources of workplace stress and trauma.
Views from Rathole Mountain
Authors: Axtell Matthew
Published: September 2024

This chapter takes as its project the nature of commerce in the nineteenth century, and challenges the usual expectation that the time of development moved forward, as commercial development pushed goods, ideas, and markets across the lines of geography that divided American states from one another. Taking as his subject a “lawscape”—encompassed in the political economy of economic development in early nineteenth-century Virginia—the author reworks the presumed direction of development in early capitalist transformation. Rather than moving in the direction of increased commerce and development (with the accompanying assumption that the alternative is “failure”), the author tells a story of ambivalence. To what extent is the ability to think up and complete a grand public works development project a unique triumph of American democracy, or a subversion of some of its processes? The author mines the archives of a state-backed Virginia canal company that found it difficult to leverage the state’s power of eminent domain in Old Dominion courts when faced with folk opposition to the project on many fronts during the 1800s. All of the actors in his story believe that a proposed canal linking the eastern and western parts of Virginia is important, but they differ markedly on why this is so. The author’s actors push a variety of projects that often have little to do with increased commerce and development. The story resolves itself into a studied ambivalence, which the author traces down to the present by retracing the present-day lawscape of the presumed canal for himself.
Power of the Purse
Authors: Morey Maribel
Published: September 2024

. This chapter focuses on the Black Freedom Struggle throughout the twentieth century, underscoring the role played by an elite network of white philanthropic leaders based in New York City—particularly those at leading foundations such as the Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Ford foundations and their colleagues in smaller funds such as the Phelps Stokes and Garland Funds—in shaping which Black Freedom activists, organizations, and agendas would flourish nationally. To present the long-standing role of white-led foundations to shape which activists, ideas, organizations, and agendas from the Black Freedom Struggle would thrive nationally in the U.S., this chapter spotlights the work of various scholars who have researched the specific roles played by different white funders at various moments in the Struggle—from the Rockefeller, Carnegie, Phelps Stokes, and Garland funds to the Ford Foundation. Bringing together our various analyses of white funders’ influence in the Black Freedom Struggle throughout the twentieth century, this chapter provides a birds-eye-view of the long-standing role of white funders in shaping which activists and organizations in the Black Freedom Struggle would gain national attention. The chapter concludes with a look to the present day, cautioning us to remain attentive to the ways that elite funders can continue to shape how we collectively imagine and define the key players and agendas in BIPOC-led movements in the United States.
Debtor Constitutionalism
Authors: Peterson Farah
Published: September 2024

This chapter examines the question of whether political legitimacy in a constitutional democracy is tied to a core text—at least in regimes with written constitutions. Even after the ratification of the United States Constitution, it argues, many Americans continued to believe in, and act upon, the existence of an unwritten constitution not encompassed in the formal Constitution’s text. It traces this unwritten constitution through the prism of the repeated use of Indian costume as part of a carnivalesque form of protest in which participants in these insurrectionary actions argued that the norms of the unwritten constitution were being violated, regardless of what the formal constitutional text or its privileged interpreters might say. E. P. Thompson described “counter-theatre” as one consistent element of English crowd actions of the late eighteenth century. American mobs engaged in their own form of theater, which included white men dressing as Native Americans. The symbol of the white man in native dress took on powerful symbolic meaning during the Revolution, and it persisted as a trope of popular protest long into the nineteenth century. Indeed, the chapter’s analysis pushes constitutional history across the presumed boundary of 1787, which is supposed to separate an era in which Americans regarded extrajudicial mob protest as legal from one in which the new constitutional text assumed a monopoly on legality. In this story, the triumph of the written Constitution may not have become complete until at least the 1840s, if it did even then.
Silencing Critics
Authors: Heathershaw John , Prelec Tena , Mayne and Tom
Published: September 2024

This chapter address defamation law and the use of strategic lawsuits against public participation (SLAPP) against journalists and researchers. The authors discuss their own experience of being targeted by some of the UK’s top libel lawyers acting on behalf of two of the elites studied in this book—Mohamed Amersi and Dmitry Leus—in order to mute the findings of earlier research by threatening legal action against the publisher. The chapter shows the difference that legal enablers make and how they subtly silence critics on behalf of those who wish to keep hidden information regarding their suspicious and often kleptocratic sources of wealth.
How to Indulge No More
Authors: Heathershaw John , Prelec Tena , Mayne and Tom
Published: September 2024

This chapter concludes the book with its finding on the role of enablers in indulging post-communist elites in the UK. It summarizes the findings that the enabler effect is more important than the rival explanations of alliance and incumbency. The chapter refutes the notion that the state could stop kleptocrats if the government decides to do so because the power of the private sector to indulge kleptocracy is far greater than the state’s power to regulate and enforce the law. The chapter makes five theses of how the UK may stop indulging kleptocracy, which include recognizing kleptocracy as organized crime, holding corporate officers of professional services firms which enable kleptocracy criminally liable, and incentivizing the private sector and civil society to work together against kleptocracy
The Body’s Protection Plan
Authors: Wallace Daniel J.
Published: September 2024

Whole blood consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. There are five types of white blood cells. These include the neutrophils, which are important in acute inflammation; lymphocytes, which help regulate chronic inflammatory processes; and monocytes, which are responsible for helping the body recognize foreign material. All these cells are derived from the bone marrow. In a normal adaptive and innate immune response, these elements all work together. Lymphocytes migrate to the thymus, where they are ultimately recognized as T cells or B cells. The T cells read antigenic signals present in monocytes or macrophages and are thus able to promote or turn off inflammation and the killing of specific cells. Some B cells transform themselves into plasma cells that make immunoglobulin, which then circulates in the plasma. Immunoglobulins G, A, M, D, and E also help to destroy foreign materials.
The Enemy Is Our Cells
Authors: Wallace Daniel J.
Published: September 2024

Antibodies seen in lupus are made against components of the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, red cells, white cells, platelets, and nerve cells. Many are also part of circulating immune (antigen-antibody) complexes. They can also protect us or fight inflammation. The presence of an antibody is not necessarily associated with active inflammation but is an indicator or immune activation or can be inherited.
Drugs That May Cause Lupus or Produce Flare-Ups
Authors: Wallace Daniel J.
Published: September 2024

Drugs can induce autoimmune disease. For lupus, they are known to flare existing disease or to cause lupus directly. Drug-induced lupus is not systemic lupus, does not fulfill established criteria, and in 95 percent of cases is a self-limited process. Most of these patients do not fulfill the established criteria for SLE. Over 75 drugs have been shown to cause lupus and they do so as a result of a variety of chemical and environmental insults. A few agents are associated with long lasting drug-induced disease.
Heady Connections: The Nervous System and Behavioral Changes
Authors: Wallace Daniel J.
Published: September 2024

The majority of patients with systemic lupus have neurocognitive problems, or active inflammation that leads to central nervous system (CNS) problems. A wide array of possibilities may account for any given symptom, and a careful workup is necessary to avoid inappropriate therapy. The most common complaints include cognitive dysfunction, headache, and fatigue. Manifestations of vasculitis, the antiphospholipid syndrome, and altered behavior are not infrequent. Drugs, infections, and non-lupus-related disorders first have to be ruled out as a cause of the complaint or manifestation. Blood and spinal fluid testing, brain imaging, electrical studies, and neurocognitive evaluations help the physician arrive at a diagnosis. The treatment of CNS lupus can include a combination of anti-inflammatory medications, blood thinners, and emotional support.
Lupus in the Kidney and Urinary Tract
Authors: Wallace Daniel J.
Published: September 2024

Lupus nephritis is very tricky to treat because it produces few symptoms or signs. Despite best efforts, patients may still evolve kidney failure. First, a doctor must confirm that it is indeed lupus that is affecting the kidney. Second, renal function and inflammation must be measured. On the basis of blood tests, urine testing, and biopsy material (if available), a careful treatment plan is formulated. Because many of the drugs used to prevent or retard this disease are quite potent in their own right, a careful balance is important. The reader is referred to other chapters of this book for details regarding dialysis and transplantation; cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, calcineurins, belimumab, azathioprine, pulse steroids, and oral corticosteroids; and pregnancy in the patient with lupus nephritis.
Why Do Blood Clots Develop?
Authors: Wallace Daniel J.
Published: September 2024

Approximately one third of lupus patients have an antibody to phospholipids which, in the presence of certain predisposing factors unique to lupus, causes abnormal clotting. Individuals at risk are identified by performing antibody tests of phospholipids (especially to anticardiolipin antibodies), by using studies that check for prolonged clotting times, or by testing for syphilis and obtaining a false-positive result. Between 10 and 15 percent of those with SLE have clinical evidence of abnormal clotting, which can result in strokes, recurrent miscarriages, pulmonary emboli, and low red cell or platelet counts. There are few or no symptoms or warning signs. Few dietary or activity restrictions can aid prevention. Clotting complications can be prevented or minimized with platelet antagonist therapy (e.g., aspirin, antimalarials). Patients with thromboembolic events on platelet antagonists should be given warfarin, and a small subset of patients need chronic heparin.
What’s the Prognosis?
Authors: Wallace Daniel J.
Published: September 2024

The outcome of SLE depends on who is treating the disease; which ethnic, racial, or geographically defined populations have the disease; their socioeconomic status and consequent access to subspecialty care; and the treatment philosophy of the health-care provider. More than 90 percent of all lupus patients in the United States live more than 10 years after being diagnosed. The survival of patients with organ-threatening disease is still an unsatisfactory 60 percent at 15 years. Patients with high blood pressure, low platelet counts, kidney disease, and severe anemia have a poorer outcome and should be managed aggressively. Even mild lupus is associated with alterations in quality of life and occasionally disappears spontaneously; serious lupus may ease up but does not go away without treatment. Deaths from lupus generally occur early on from active disease or later from continuously active inflammation or complications of therapy.
How Stories Change Us
Authors: Reese Elaine
Published: September 2024

How Stories Change Us relates the developmental science of stories across cultures, and across the lifespan, in an accessible way for professionals, practitioners, scholars, and parents. Stories from fiction and real life have more in common than most people realize; neuroscience shows that remembering and imagining involve similar processes in the brain’s default network. Stories from books, TV and movies, and video games share similar benefits for promoting social understanding and prosocial behaviors. Real-life stories also foster physical health, mental health, and well-being. Regardless of media platform, fictional stories with violent and stereotyped content increase aggression and prejudiced attitudes and behaviors, and excessive consumption of fictional stories is unhealthy. In turn, real-life stories with inaccurate or biased content (fake news) increase memory errors; real-life stories with negative or traumatic content increase mental health difficulties. Likewise, imagined stories and imagined friendships can promote learning, creativity, and well-being, but at the extremes, imaginative processes can be linked to psychopathology. The gender differences observed in women’s and men’s fiction reading may be due in part to individual differences in mental imagery from practices dating back to early childhood. Yet reading fictional books and reminiscing about the past both play a special role in children’s and adolescents’ learning and development, so they should be fostered from a young age. At the end of life, encouraging older adults to tell their real-life stories can ease the transition to death. Stories may even help future generations to cope with global issues such as future pandemics and climate change.
Epilogue: The Stories in Our Future
Authors: Reese Elaine
Published: September 2024

New forms of stories will be available in the future, but novels are still vital for instilling empathy and countering prejudice and polarization. New story technologies will include augmented virtual worlds and artificial intelligence storytelling programs, perhaps even the metaverse. New stories in the form of serious games may help children and teens and individuals with autism to learn about empathy and theory of mind. Stories old and new will help people cope with future challenges, such as pandemics and climate change. Science, technology, engineering, the arts, and mathematics (STEAM) education will be vital for educating the next generation to create ethical and socially responsible technologies. Stories are also crucial for older adults facing death; caregivers need to listen and accept their versions of their life stories.
The Rise and Fall of Émilie Du Châtelet
Authors: Janiak Andrew
Published: September 2024

This chapter introduces Émilie Du Châtelet, the woman who broke the gender norms of Enlightenment Europe and changed the course of intellectual life. At the time of the 1700s, women were systematically excluded from learned institutions like Academié Française and the Royal Academy of Sciences. Regardless of the institutional barriers to intellectual life facing women in Europe, Du Châtelet would secure the best tutors and create her own academy, Institutions of Physics (Institutions physiques). The chapter then discusses Du Châtelet’s intimate and intellectual companionship with France’s leading poet and writer Voltaire. It shows that Du Châtelet was present at the birth of the modern canon in philosophy but was ultimately excluded from it.
The Ordinary Insurrection
Authors: Marwick Alice E.
Published: September 2024

Although January 6th is often described as an outcome of “radicalization,” it is more accurately characterized as the result of mainstreaming extreme and conspiratorial beliefs. I discuss two instances of complex interactions between mainstream Republican politics and fringe online spaces. Trump operatives architected Stop the Steal and primed fringe online communities to collect evidence supporting it, which was then repeated by mainstream Republican operatives in an attempt to hold the Trump presidency. I also discuss how Trump repeatedly harnessed the online participation of QAnon supporters and their concept of the “Great Awakening” to reinforce urgency around January 6th. Overall, this frame helps us better understand the roles of political elites and mainstream media in justifying violent activities and amplifying conspiracy theories.
The Local Roots of January 6th
Authors: Dempsey Sadie , Li Jianing
Published: September 2024

This methodological essay illustrates how researchers can utilize a mixed-methods, multilevel approach to shift their analytical vantage point and examine familiar phenomena in new ways. The chapter considers the origins of January 6th from the ground up, examining the role that local Republican county parties played in perpetuating 2020 election fraud disinformation. This mixed-methods, multilevel approach has four distinct advantages: it provides (1) more accurate measurements, (2) more analytical specificity, (3) insight into processes that bridge the micro, macro, and meso levels, and (4) opportunities to generate and test theories. This methodological approach is a valuable tool in a researcher’s analytical toolkit, offering opportunities for creativity and discovery.
Afflicting the Comfortable
Authors: Karpf Dave
Published: September 2024

Many of the people who stormed the Capitol on January 6th are rightly facing jail time. The political elites who stoked that insurrection may face no such consequences. This chapter uses conservative legal scholar John Eastman as a guiding example of political elites who told audacious lies and expected to face no consequences as a result. The chapter argues that, if we are to prevent another January 6th, it is crucial that comfortable elites face social, professional, and reputational consequences for their behavior. Norms of democratic governance and civic life can continue to function only if there is some cost associated with violating them.
Singing of Arms and Men
Authors: Harness Kelley
Published: September 2024

Balletti a cavallo, although little known today, emerged as valued dramatic entertainments in early modern Europe, capable of demonstrating the wealth and magnificence of the patrons who commissioned them and the horsemanship and military skills of the noblemen who rode in them. Although the horse ballet did not originate in Florence, that city—and its ruling grand dukes—acquired a reputation for excellence in the genre. Between 1608 and 1686 the court commissioned horse ballets to commemorate important state events such as Medici weddings or visits by foreign visitors. The noblemen invited to lend their equestrian skills during that period confirmed their family’s relationship to the Medici and were provided a venue for demonstrating masculine nobility. These works also communicated messages relevant to the occasions for which they were performed, delivered by means of texts sung in styles similar to contemporary opera. Music, choreography, and dramatic structure punctuated and clarified these messages. Mock battles fought with swords and pistols animated audiences but also provided visible instances of conflict, which were then interrupted by the sudden arrival of a deus ex machina, who commanded the combatants to instead join forces to defeat a common enemy. The knights then demonstrated newfound cooperation through their creation of choreographed figures danced on horseback. Decorated pageant floats, colorful costumes, and complicated machines also played crucial roles in establishing magnificence: documentary evidence confirms that the Medici family expended significant financial and human resources on these one-time events, revealing just how much work it took to appear effortless.
In the Time of Sky-Rhyming
Authors: Calvillo Jonathan E.
Published: September 2024

In the Time of Sky-Rhyming: How Hip Hop Resonated in Brown Los Angeles tracks the reception of Hip Hop by Latines in Los Angeles, when it first arrived there. The era when Hip Hop was first transposed onto the West Coast context, what this book calls the “time of sky-rhyming,” was an important step in Hip Hop’s global expansion, and Brown Los Angeles participated in its adaptation. Many creatives from Brown Los Angeles found their place in early underground expressions of Hip Hop, including in breaking, rhyming, DJing, and graffiti elements. The movement resonated in Brown Los Angeles through channels of cultural exchange, especially the regional histories of Black American and Latine interaction, transregional connections of Caribbean-origin migrants, and Borderland legacies of resistance and innovation. During this period, Central American immigrants were settling in the urban corridors of the region, young Chicanos were coming of age in the post–civil rights era, Caribbean migrants carried resources from east to west, South American immigrants established networks across cities, and Latines were interacting with other minoritized populations such as Black Americans, ethnic Samoans, Filipinos, and Koreans. At sites like Club Radio and Radiotron, at church events, and in neighborhoods around the Los Angeles basin, spaces that often included Latines, West Coast Hip Hop was being defined. Though West Coast Hip Hop is often cast as a deleterious movement, based on original oral history interviews, the chapter demonstrates demonstrate how Hip Hop empowered Latine creatives in the greater Los Angeles area to positively address societal challenges.
Caribbean Currents
Authors: Calvillo Jonathan E.
Published: September 2024

This chapter explores an important resonance channel that influenced Hip Hop’s embrace in Brown Los Angeles: the contributions of Caribbean-origin Latines in the Los Angeles area. Caribbean-origin creatives played important roles in pre–Hip Hop Los Angeles and during Hip Hop’s arrival. Caribbean-origin creatives were uniquely positioned to cross boundaries of geography, race, and gender and transferred cultural resources to Brown Los Angeles during the emergence of West Coast Hip Hop. This chapter focuses on the lives of three Caribbean-origin creatives, DJ Pebo Rodriguez, street dancer Ana “Lollipop” Sanchez, and DJ/rapper Henry “Hen Gee” Garcia. The chapter highlights how these creatives drew on familial resources in their participation within the West Coast scene. Rodriguez and Sanchez were uniquely shaped by their Puerto Rican heritage, while Garcia was uniquely shaped by his Honduran heritage. The chapter also considers how Afro-Caribbean creatives uniquely contributed to the West Coast scene.
This Abominable Slavery
Authors: Reeve W. Paul , Rich Christopher B. , Purcell Carruth LaJean
Published: September 2024

This Abominable Slavery places the debate over Native American indentures and African American enslavement in Utah Territory within the context of the nation’s growing sectional divide that would tear the Union asunder less than a decade later. It situates the bills under debate in Utah in comparison to similar bills passed by other states and territories in the antebellum period. It reveals in new detail debates about slavery and labor never before available. In fact, Latter-day Saint apostle and legislator Orson Pratt gave an animated speech in opposition to Latter-day Saint prophet and territorial governor Brigham Young. Pratt proposed that legislators reject the Black “servant” code outright and advocated for Black male voting rights in the debate over Utah’s election law. This Abominable Slavery not only elucidates the type of laws legislators passed but also attempts to understand the meaning of those laws in the lives of Black enslaved people and Native American indentured servants. In doing so, it sheds new light on the origins of the racial priesthood and temple restrictions in Latter-day Saint theology and the complex overlapping relationship between law and religion in Utah. Most importantly, it situates the Utah experience in detailed and nuanced ways within a national framework and thereby offers an important contribution to scholarly work on race, religion, slavery, and unfree labor in the antebellum period.
Race and Election Law
Authors: Reeve W. Paul , Rich Christopher B. , Carruth LaJean Purcell
Published: September 2024

On February 4, 1852, the Utah territorial legislature passed a new election law; in doing so lawmakers stipulated that white men over twenty-one years of age could vote in the Utah Territory. The official legislative minutes do not record any opposition to the voting requirements in the election bill or mention any discussion on the subject. However, a few surviving sources indicate that councilman Orson Pratt firmly opposed any law denying Black men the right to vote. Pratt had already condemned An Act in Relation to Service and the Indian indenture bill, and he now expressed concerns about racial equality in Utah’s election laws. As fellow legislator Hosea Stout recorded it, Orson Pratt voted against “all acts prohibiting the right of Negroes the privileges of voting.” The chapter also discusses Brigham Young’s February 5 speech summarized by Wilford Woodruff. Historians primarily rely on Woodruff’s truncated and condensed version of the speech for an understanding of Young’s views on race and priesthood. Woodruff’s version, however, introduced significant inaccuracies into the historical record and should no longer be trusted as a precise assessment of Young’s views on race and priesthood.
Changes in China’s Macro-Policy Direction on the Economy
Authors: Rudd Kevin
Published: September 2024

This chapter outlines a number of important changes in China’s overall macro-policy direction of the economy. In this book, macro-policy settings refer to the party’s overarching political and policy guidance for the economy as a whole. The movement to the Marxist left on economic policy has unfolded more gradually than the move to the Leninist left in Xi’s overall reassertion of political control. Indeed, during the early stages of Xi’s term, there were still pro-market, reformist policies being prosecuted. However, in the aftermath of a stock market meltdown and associated financial crisis in 2015–2016, the retreat to party and state interventionism accelerated. New economic campaigns emerged around the concepts of a ‘New Development Concept’, ‘common prosperity’ and a new ‘Dual Circulation Economy’ emphasising national self-sufficiency. This trend to the Marxist left in economic policy accelerated further after the 19th Party Congress in 2017, when Xi formally redefined the party’s “central contradiction” to deal with the unbalanced development that arose under the previous period of reform and opening. The chapter also argues that China’s changing international economic circumstances (including its trade war with the US) reinforced Xi’s preexisting ideological predisposition for a more Marxist, interventionist and mercantilist posture.
Nationalism in Xi Jinping’s Worldview
Authors: Rudd Kevin
Published: September 2024

This chapter focusses on nationalism in Xi Jinping’s worldview. It discusses the new forms of Chinese nationalism he has used to move the party’s overall nationalist discourse towards the right in support of a more assertive foreign and national security policy. While the relationship between Chinese nationalism and socialism has changed over the last century, it has always been present within party’s ideological framework. Under Xi, however, nationalism has become more prominent than under any of his post-Mao predecessors. The chapter canvasses a series of banner terms that reflect a more direct and decisive expression of public nationalist sentiment—including the ‘great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation’, China’s ‘outstanding traditional culture’, China’s growing ‘comprehensive national power’, and changes not seen in a ‘hundred years’. These thematics embrace a unifying theme of changing the international status quo in a direction more compatible with Chinese national interest, values, and power.
Codifying the Marxist and Nationalist Dimensions of Xi Jinping Thought through the Party’s 2021 Historical Resolution
Authors: Rudd Kevin
Published: September 2024

This chapter provides an overview of the Marxist and nationalist dimensions of Xi Jinping Thought (XJPT) as brought together in the CCP’s 2021 historical resolution—only the third such resolution in the party’s 100-year history. It explains how Xi has sought to synthesize the various Leninist, Marxist, and nationalist threads of his overall ideological worldview into the authoritative canon of XJPT. XJPT aims to ideologically legitimize political and policy change brought about under Xi in the eyes of both the party and the people, as well as outline the party’s future strategy and trajectory. Following the CCP Central Committee plenum in November 2021, XJPT was formally enshrined as the body of Marxist thought to guide China through ‘the new era’. The 2021 historical resolution is the party’s most densely ideological document since 1981. It provides an approved ideological framework as the party’s orthodox methodology for viewing the real world and, as a consequence, analyzing and responding to the major challenges for the future. It has no parallel in the last forty years.
China after Xi
Authors: Rudd Kevin
Published: September 2024

This chapter tackles the future direction of Xi Jinping Thought (XJPT) and the much broader question of where China heads after Xi. It cites the unlikelihood of Xi Jinping repudiating any of the core Marxist, Leninist or nationalist positions he has already incorporated into the party’s ideological orthodoxy. It explains Xi’s foreshadowed reform Chinese Marxism through a “second integration” that seeks to incorporate into its canon new concepts, language and expressions drawn from the China’s classical tradition to widen the long-term appeal of this “Marxism of the 21st century.” The chapter also explains Xi’s intention to incorporate concepts from world cultures, thereby enhancing the global appeal of Chinese Marxism. The chapter goes on to explore the question of China after Xi. It argues that Xi’s superior political skill craft and increasingly powerful surveillance state makes it unlikely he will be successfully challenged–despite the accumulating political, economic, social, and elite pressures within the Chinese system. Xi is also unlikely to retire given his deep reservations about the political reliability of his own generation (and the one immediately below him) for having allowed corruption, careerism, and ideological confusion to reign supreme. Xi will likely remain cautious about trusting anyone to replace him who entered a significant position of political authority under his predecessors. Xi is therefore relying on the ideological and nationalist enthusiasm of the generation who have come of age under him. However, it will take some decades for this cohort to be old enough to assume positions of authority and preserve his legacy. If he passes from the scene before then, the processes of political and ideological self-correction and rebalancing are, on balance, more likely to draw China back towards a more moderate position, as has happened at various points in modern Chinese history since 1949.
The Rise of Invisible Cases
Authors: Hinkle Rachael K.
Published: September 2024

A tremendous spike in the workload of federal circuit courts occurred in the 1960s and 1970s. By the mid-1970s every circuit had adopted rules making a distinction between published and unpublished decisions (and often prohibiting citation of the latter). Within a few more years, circuits clarified that even where citation to unpublished decisions was permitted, they were not binding precedent. This chapter provides an overview of this history including the circumstances surrounding the emergence of unpublished decisions, the criticisms leveled, measures taken to address them, and empirical exploration of how such measures have fared. It concludes by describing the Comprehensive Circuit Court Panel Opinion (C3PO) database, an original collection of over two hundred thousand cases that informs a series of inquires in subsequent chapters concerning how selective publication affects who gets what, when, and how.
Visible Rules, Invisible Norms
Authors: Hinkle Rachael K.
Published: September 2024

This chapter addresses a foundational empirical question: What factors shape the publication decision? Explicit legal rules almost assuredly play a substantial role. As a result, cases with novel and particularly important legal issues should be published. But publication decisions may be influenced by several other factors as well. A group of judges with divergent viewpoints may use nonpublication as a tool of compromise. Cases with litigants or legal issues that judges don’t view as a high priority might be less likely to result in a published opinion. Judges may be more willing to publish decisions that reflect their own ideological preferences. Finally, judges may leave rulings unpublished when they anticipate the possibility of hostile review. The empirical evidence reveals support for several of these explanations. Specifically, there is evidence that publication rules, judicial ideology, and both internal and external strategic considerations shape publication decisions.
Introduction
Authors: Khalil Mona Ali , Lavaud Floriane
Published: September 2024

The introduction offers an overview of the book, setting forth reforms and measures to empower the Security Council and ensure greater legitimacy and effectiveness in its efforts to maintain international peace and security, in particular to prevent and respond to aggression and mass atrocity crimes. Part I seeks to empower the voices and improve the composition of the elected members of the Council. Part II proposes tools to uphold the primary responsibility of the UNSC in accordance with Article 24 of the UN Charter. Part III discusses the means by which to restrain the use of the veto in order to restore the legitimacy of the Council and to uphold the jus cogens norms of international law. Part IV reimagines the potential of the partners, including the General Assembly, the International Court of Justice, and the International Criminal Court, as well as regional organizations and other international security arrangements.