bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blended Learning Analysis for Sports Schools in Indonesia
Authors: Adi Sapto , Fathoni Abi Fajar
Published: July 2020

The students at Sports School are athletes that often leave school for training camps or participate in competitions outside the city. This study therefore, aims to determine the characteristics, conditions, and needs of Sports Schools in Indonesia as a basis for the Blended Learning development. Data were collected on information related to Sports School in various regions of Indonesia, through surveys. The result showed that there are special services for students that participate in training camps and competitions. However, their skill is ineffective and requires an increase in teaching hours and workload. Therefore, based on the characteristics of the Sports School and the needs of teachers and students, the Blended Learning model was developed
Development of Guided Inquiry Based Learning Materials Enriched with Augmented Reality in Electrolysis Cell Material
Authors: Pradani Nevia , Munzil Munzil , Muchson M.
Published: July 2020

In electrolysis cell chemistry learning material students still experience Difficulties related to chemical material roomates characteristics include three levels of representation macroscopic, submicroscopic, and symbolic. Therefore, the chemistry should be taught by inquiry strategies must be supported a program that is Able to visualize particulate material aspects in an electrolytic cell, such as Augmented Reality. The purpose of this study was to produce guided inquiry-based teaching materials assisted by Augmented Reality on the topic of electrolysis cells. . The development of teaching materials is Carried out in three stages namely (1) analysis phase, (2) design phase, and (3) development stage. Teaching materials are validated by three expert validator. The results of the validation Obtained a percentage of 87. 6% for aspects of the assessment in terms of media, 86.1% for aspects of the assessment in terms of material and 87.4% for the readability test. This indicate that the chemistry teaching material that has been developed is included in the very feasible category so that it can be used as a support in learning activities electrolysis cell material
MEG–MRI CO-REGISTRATION USING 3D GENERALIZED HOUGH TRANSFORM
Authors: Lin Sheng-Kai , Lo Rong-Chin , Lee Ren-Guey
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we propose a method to use the three-dimensional (3D) generalized Hough transform (GHT) to co-register magnetoencephalography (MEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a brain automatically, whose results can be used to align MRI images and MEG data accurately and efficiently. Recently, many medical devices have been developed to study the neuronal activity in the human brain. MEG is a high-temporal-resolution measurement tool to study the physiological functions of brain nerves noninvasively; whereas the MRI of the scalp, skull, and cortex of the human brain is a high-spatial-resolution tool. The proposed method combines two tools for investigating the cognitive neuroscience between the human brain structure and weak magnetic fields from two different medical systems. An accurate and automatic registration method is necessitated to improve the brain analysis processes by combining multimodal data. The conventional GHT is a well-known method for detecting two-dimensional (2D) images or locating transformed planar shapes in 2D image processes. To further improve the 2D GHT, we extended it to a 3D GHT, which can co-register MEG and MRI data automatically and accurately. Some experimental results are included to demonstrate and evaluate the error and applicability of MEG–MRI co-registration.
Evaluating the E-Quality of Zakat Institutions Websites
Authors: Gazar Maged Mohamed
Published: July 2020

This chapter aims to develop a quality index for zakat institutions websites (ZIWs). In addition, this chapter aims to evaluate the electronic quality dimensions of ZIWs in 10 Islamic countries in the MENA region (i.e., Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and UAE). Further, this chapter aims to suggest some improvements to the quality of the 10 ZIWs, which may have a low-quality index. The proposed e-quality index consists of 6 dimensions and 40 items. The countries with the top-quality score were Saudi Arabia (95%) and UAE (88%). The countries with the lowest quality score were Bahrain (41%) and Algeria (13%). The remaining countries had an average value of the quality indicator, that is, Lebanon (68%), Oman (56%), Sudan (55%), Egypt (54%), Jordan (51%), and Kuwait (50%). The chapter concluded with some recommendations to improve the quality of ZIWs in the selected MENA countries.
Integration and Development of Zakat Collection and Distribution in the Islamic Finance Industry
Authors: Alsaadi Abdulraham bin Abdullah
Published: July 2020

Zakat possesses a high-ranking position in Islam due to several reasons. First, it is an economic and financial system that provides a permanent financial resource for the public treasury. Second, zakat is a social system that fulfills the needs of poor people who represent the majority of the population in most countries and strengthens Muslim nations. In addition, it is an important means of cooperation and mercy among people. Third, zakat is considered a political system where the state through its officers is responsible to collect and distribute zakat in a fair manner. The prophet (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) paid high attention to zakat. He used to send workers to collect zakat and he personally supervised the process of distribution. Likewise, his Rightly Guided Caliphs used the best approaches to collect and distribute zakat. In the light of contemporary developments in all aspects of life, particularly the financial aspect, it is not effective to use ancient approaches of collecting and distributing zakat. It is not appropriate nowadays to send ṣāʿī (zakat officers) to collect zakat in the way it was practiced centuries ago or open the door for individuals to collect and distribute zakat by themselves. Currently, there are various ways and means to collect and distribute zakat through governmental entities or through family funds that exist in some countries. The present study seeks to provide a new and important approach to collect and distribute zakat within the contemporary Islamic finance industry based on Shari'ah policy and public interest. Furthermore, the study highlights the social responsibilities of Islamic banks and emphasizes that the role of Islamic banks should not only constrain to finance and investment, but also to strive to achieve Shari'ah objectives through applying the wide concept of Islamic rules and values. The most notable role that Islamic banks could assume toward the community is to take care of collecting and distributing zakat in collaboration with governmental entities. The current study expects to come up with a framework for zakat collection and distribution system in the Islamic finance industry.
Natural Language Processing in Online Reviews
Authors: Ansari Gunjan , Gupta Shilpi , Singhal Niraj
Published: July 2020

The analysis of the online data posted on various e-commerce sites is required to improve consumer experience and thus enhance global business. The increase in the volume of social media content in the recent years led to the problem of overfitting in review classification. Thus, there arises a need to select relevant features to reduce computational cost and improve classifier performance. This chapter investigates various statistical feature selection methods that are time efficient but result in selection of few redundant features. To overcome this issue, wrapper methods such as sequential feature selection (SFS) and recursive feature elimination (RFE) are employed for selection of optimal feature set. The empirical analysis was conducted on movie review dataset using three different classifiers and the results depict that SVM could achieve f-measure of 96% with only 8% selected features using RFE method.
Deep Learning for Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Karas Vincent , Schuller Björn W.
Published: July 2020

Sentiment analysis is an important area of natural language processing that can help inform business decisions by extracting sentiment information from documents. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the reader to selected concepts and methods of deep learning and show how deep models can be used to increase performance in sentiment analysis. It discusses the latest advances in the field and covers topics including traditional sentiment analysis approaches, the fundamentals of sentence modelling, popular neural network architectures, autoencoders, attention modelling, transformers, data augmentation methods, the benefits of transfer learning, the potential of adversarial networks, and perspectives on explainable AI. The authors' intent is that through this chapter, the reader can gain an understanding of recent developments in this area as well as current trends and potentials for future research.
Estimating Importance From Web Reviews Through Textual Description and Metrics Extraction
Authors: Santos Roney Lira de Sales , Sa Carlos Augusto de , Sousa Rogerio Figueredo de , Anchiêta Rafael Torres , Rabelo Ricardo de Andrade Lira , Moura Raimundo Santos
Published: July 2020

The evolution of e-commerce has contributed to the increase of the information available, making the task of analyzing the reviews manually almost impossible. Due to the amount of information, the creation of automatic methods of knowledge extraction and data mining has become necessary. Currently, to facilitate the analysis of reviews, some websites use filters such as votes by the utility or by stars. However, the use of these filters is not a good practice because they may exclude reviews that have recently been submitted to the voting process. One possible solution is to filter the reviews based on their textual descriptions, author information, and other measures. This chapter has a propose of approaches to estimate the importance of reviews about products and services using fuzzy systems and artificial neural networks. The results were encouraging, obtaining better results when detecting the most important reviews, achieving approximately 82% when f-measure is analyzed.
Quality Assurance in Computer-Assisted Translation in Business Environments
Authors: Seljan Sanja , Škof Erdelja Nikolina , Kučiš Vlasta , Dunđer Ivan , Pejić Bach Mirjana
Published: July 2020

Increased use of computer-assisted translation (CAT) technology in business settings with augmented amounts of tasks, collaborative work, and short deadlines give rise to errors and the need for quality assurance (QA). The research has three operational aims: 1) methodological framework for QA analysis, 2) comparative evaluation of four QA tools, 3) to justify introduction of QA into CAT process. The research includes building of translation memory, terminology extraction, and creation of terminology base. Error categorization is conducted by multidimensional quality (MQM) framework. The level of mistake is calculated considering detected, false, and not detected errors. Weights are assigned to errors (minor, major, or critical), penalties are calculated, and quality estimation for translation memory is given. Results show that process is prone to errors due to differences in error detection, harmonization, and error counting. Data analysis of detected errors leads to further data-driven decisions related to the quality of output results and improved efficacy of translation business process.
Sentiment Analysis of Arabic Documents
Authors: Rahab Hichem , Djoudi Mahieddine , Zitouni Abdelhafid
Published: July 2020

Today, it is usual that a consumer seeks for others' feelings about their purchasing experience on the web before a simple decision of buying a product or a service. Sentiment analysis intends to help people in taking profit from the available opinionated texts on the web for their decision making, and business is one of its challenging areas. Considerable work of sentiment analysis has been achieved in English and other Indo-European languages. Despite the important number of Arabic speakers and internet users, studies in Arabic sentiment analysis are still insufficient. The current chapter vocation is to give the main challenges of Arabic sentiment together with their recent proposed solutions in the literature. The chapter flowchart is presented in a novel manner that obtains the main challenges from presented literature works. Then it gives the proposed solutions for each challenge. The chapter reaches the finding that the future tendency will be toward rule-based techniques and deep learning, allowing for more dealings with Arabic language inherent characteristics.
Building Lexical Resources for Dialectical Arabic
Authors: Al Ameri Sumaya Sulaiman , Shoufan Abdulhadi
Published: July 2020

The natural language processing of Arabic dialects faces a major difficulty, which is the lack of lexical resources. This problem complicates the penetration and the business of related technologies such as machine translation, speech recognition, and sentiment analysis. Current solutions frequently use lexica, which are specific to the task at hand and limited to some language variety. Modern communication platforms including social media gather people from different nations and regions. This has increased the demand for general-purpose lexica towards effective natural language processing solutions. This chapter presents a collaborative web-based platform for building a cross-dialectical, general-purpose lexicon for Arabic dialects. This solution was tested by a team of two annotators, a reviewer, and a lexicographer. The lexicon expansion rate was measured and analyzed to estimate the overhead required to reach the desired size of the lexicon. The inter-annotator reliability was analyzed using Cohen's Kappa.
Study on Cooling Heat Transfer of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Applied to Transcritical Carbon Dioxide Heat Pump
Authors: Dang Chaobin , Hihara Eiji
Published: July 2020

Understanding the heat transfer characteristics of supercritical fluids is of fundamental importance in many industrial processes such as transcritical heat pump system, supercritical water-cooled reactor, supercritical separation, and supercritical extraction processes. This chapter addresses recent experimental, theoretical, and numerical studies on cooling heat transfer of supercritical CO2. A systematic study on heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of supercritical CO2 was carried out at wide ranges of tube diameter, mass flux, heat flux, temperature, and pressure. Based on the understanding of temperature and velocity distributions at cross-sectional direction provided by the numerical simulation, a new prediction model was proposed, which agreed well with the experimental results. In addition, the effect of lubricating oil was also discussed with the focus on the change in flow pattern and heat transfer performance of oil and supercritical CO2.
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid and Its Application to Rankine Cycle
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroshi
Published: July 2020

Supercritical CO2 has been given much attention to be a working fluid in a power cycle due to its unique properties. The supercritical CO2 solar Rankine cycle system was designed and developed by using the benefit of supercritical state of CO2 to generate electric power and supply heat energy in environmentally friendly manner. The development of main components in the system are introduced and discussed particularly by focusing on the properties of CO2 for obtaining higher performance. The properties of CO2 in near critical region are also discussed in this chapter. Operating the power cycle in the supercritical region of CO2 enhances the heat transfer in energy exchanging process and improves the cycle efficiency.
Supercritical Fluids and Their Applications in Power Generation
Authors: Chen Huijuan , Padilla Ricardo Vasquez , Besarati Saeb
Published: July 2020

Supercritical fluids have been studied and used as the working fluids in power generation system for both high- and low-grade heat conversions. Low-grade heat sources, typically defined as below 300 ºC, are abundantly available as industrial waste heat, solar thermal, and geothermal, to name a few. However, they are under-exploited for power conversion because of the low conversion efficiency. Technologies that allow the efficient conversion of low-grade heat into mechanical or electrical power are very important to develop. First part of this chapter investigates the potential of supercritical Rankine cycles in the conversion of low-grade heat to power, while the second part discusses supercritical fluids used in higher grade heat conversion system. The selection of supercritical working fluids for a supercritical Rankine cycle is of key importance. This chapter discusses supercritical fluids fundamentals, selection of supercritical working fluids for different heat sources, and the current research, development, and commercial status of supercritical power generation systems.
Applications of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle for Nuclear Engineering
Authors: Chen Deqi , Hu Lian , Jin Feng , Zeng Hao
Published: July 2020

Supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle is attracting increasing attention in various energy conversion systems due to its high cycle efficiency and high compactness. This chapter performs a review about the application of supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle in nuclear engineering. The different cycle layouts developed from the original direct Brayton cycle are presented, in which the recompression cycle is the most typical layout. The thermodynamic analysis approach is discussed for the direct cycle and recompression cycle. Moreover, the key facilities, including heat transfer, compressor, and turbine, are outlined for the application of Brayton cycle in nuclear engineering.
Conditional Silencing of H-2Db Class I Molecule Expression Modulates the Protective and Pathogenic Kinetics of Virus-Antigen–Specific CD8 T Cell Responses during Theiler's Virus Infection
Authors: Tritz Zachariah P. , Orozco Robin C. , Malo Courtney S. , Ayasoufi Katayoun , Fain Cori E. , Khadka Roman H. , Goddery Emma N. , Yokanovich Lila T. , Settell Megan L. , Hansen Michael J. , Jin Fang , Pavelko Kevin D. , Pease Larry R. , Johnson Aaron J.
Published: July 2020

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection of the CNS is cleared in C57BL/6 mice by a CD8 T cell response restricted by the MHC class I molecule H-2Db. The identity and function of the APC(s) involved in the priming of this T cell response is (are) poorly defined. To address this gap in knowledge, we developed an H-2Db LoxP-transgenic mouse system using otherwise MHC class I–deficient C57BL/6 mice, thereby conditionally ablating MHC class I–restricted Ag presentation in targeted APC subpopulations. We observed that CD11c+ APCs are critical for early priming of CD8 T cells against the immunodominant TMEV peptide VP2121-130. Loss of H-2Db on CD11c+ APCs mitigates the CD8 T cell response, preventing early viral clearance and immunopathology associated with CD8 T cell activity in the CNS. In contrast, animals with H-2Db–deficient LysM+ APCs retained early priming of Db:VP2121-130 epitope–specific CD8 T cells, although a modest reduction in immune cell entry into the CNS was observed. This work establishes a model enabling the critical dissection of H-2Db–restricted Ag presentation to CD8 T cells, revealing cell-specific and temporal features involved in the generation of CD8 T cell responses. Employing this novel system, we establish CD11c+ cells as pivotal to the establishment of acute antiviral CD8 T cell responses against the TMEV immunodominant epitope VP2121-130, with functional implications both for T cell–mediated viral control and immunopathology.
The Association between Hope and Quality of Life among Adolescents with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mardhiyah Ai , Philip Koshy , Mediani Henny Suzana , Yosep Iyus
Published: July 2020

Purpose: Hope has been identified as a protective factor that contributes to achieving a better quality to life, especially in patients with chronic disease. The purpose of this review was to synthesize current knowledge about the relationship between hope and quality of life among adolescents living with chronic illnesses.Methods: We searched major English-language databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, and CINAHL) for studies from January 1, 2002 to July 12, 2019. Studies were included if they provided data on hope and its relationship with quality of life among adolescents with chronic diseases.Results: In total, five articles were selected from the 336 studies that were retrieved. All five studies reported a positive correlation between hope and quality of life, such that people with a higher level of hope had a better quality of life. Hope was found to have direct and indirect effects on quality of life in adolescents with chronic diseases.Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should make more efforts to enhance hope in adolescents with chronic diseases in order to improve their quality of life. Future studies exploring how hope develops in adolescents with chronic diseases and the long-term impact of hope on quality of life are necessary.
Validity and Reliability of the Life Transition Scale in Parents of Disabled Children Across the Life Transition Process
Authors: Hong Sun Woo , Kim JinShil , Bang Hwal Lan
Published: July 2020

Purpose: The Life Transition Scale (LTS) consists of 24 items that assess the life transition process of parents of autistic children. This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the LTS in parents of children with a wide spectrum of disabilities.Methods: Data were collected from 260 parents of children with disabilities through self-report questionnaires. Validity was examined using exploratory and confirmative factor analysis to determine the factor structures of the LTS; socio-demographic differences in LTS scores were examined using the t-test or ANOVA. Reliability was examined using Cronbach's ⍺ coefficient.Results: A four-factor structure was validated (x2=640.0, p<.001, GFI=.81, RMSEA=.07, NNFI=.89, CFI=.89, PNFI=.74, Q [x2/df]=2.60). The validity of the LTS was verified by exploratory factor analysis, with factor loading ranging from .30 to .80. There were significant differences in the accepting phase according to children's and parents' age and the type of disability, and in the wandering phase according to parental gender, educational level, job, and socioeconomic status. The Cronbach's ⍺s for the reliability of each of the four structures were acceptable, within a range of .80~.90.Conclusion: The LTS is a valid and reliable measurement to assess the life transition process of parents with disabled children.
Lying-Down Nystagmus (LDN) – When a Lateralizing Sign of Secondary Importance Attains Ascendancy in the Diagnosis of Horizontal Semicircular Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (HSC-BPPV)
Authors: Vats Ajay K.
Published: July 2020

Background:

The diagnosis of horizontal semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (HSC-BPPV) mainly depends on the elicitation of asymmetric horizontal positional nystagmus on rolling head to either side, during the diagnostic supine roll test (SRT). The asymmetry in the strength of the elicited horizontal positional nystagmus during SRT is explained by the Ewald's second law and is crucial for lateralizing the affected ear. Rarely the elicited horizontal positional nystagmus on the head roll to either side during the SRT is of symmetric strength. In such situations, the signs with secondary lateralizing value are useful in management by the repositioning maneuvers that require the affected side to be precisely known.

Aim:

The submitted article is a case report.

Results and Discussion:

A 38-year-old male with two days history of vertigo on rolling to either of the lateral recumbent position was seen in the second week of March 2019. His SRT elicited a lying-down nystagmus (LDN) to the right, while the head roll to either side elicited a geotropic horizontal positional nystagmus of symmetric strength. The symmetrical strength of elicited positional nystagmus on SRT to either side led to ascendance of LDN from a lateralizing sign of secondary importance to one that reliably lateralized the involved horizontal semicircular canal. At two short term follow-ups at 1 hour and 24 hours after the therapeutic Gufoni maneuver, patient neither had vertigo nor any nystagmus elicited on the verifying supine roll test

Conclusion:

In rare instances, LDN, which is a lateralizing sign of secondary importance becomes pivotal in the management of HSC-BPPV especially when the affected side needs to be precisely determined for the execution of the therapeutic repositioning maneuver.
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome - A Neurologist's Perspective
Authors: Shivaram Sumanth , Nagappa Madhu , Seshagiri Doniparthi V. , Shanthakumar Jayanth Shimoga , Panda Swayang Sudha , Anadure Ravi , Nandeesh B. N. , Chickabasaviah Yasha T. , Bharath Rose D. , Vijayan Joy , Kashyap Bakula , Sinha Sanjib , Taly Arun B.
Published: July 2020

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome is an immune-mediated granulomatous disease which affects melanin-rich organs like eyes, skin, nervous system, and ears. Neurological and auditory manifestations usually precede the involvement of other sites. Patients may manifest with “complete” or “incomplete” syndrome. We report two patients who presented with acute headache and impaired vision. Fundus examination revealed optic disc hyperemia and exudative retinal detachment which provided a clue for the diagnosis at the bedside. Fundus fluorescein angiogram (FFA) revealed abnormal dye leakage, whereas B scan showed choroid thickening. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis contrasted with unremarkable brain magnetic resonance imaging and lack of meningeal signs. Melanophagocytosis was evidenced by melanin-laden macrophages in CSF and skin biopsy. This finding is specific for VKH syndrome and helps to clinch the diagnosis even when the complete syndrome is not present cross-sectionally. VKH syndrome should be suspected in patients with aseptic meningitis if tests for common infectious and immune-mediated diseases are negative.
Infection-Associated Peripheral Nerve Hyperexcitability
Authors: Sivadasan Ajith , Nair Aditya , Miraclin Angel , Mani Arun Mathai , Prabhakar AT , Jude Prakash John Antony , Mathew Vivek
Published: July 2020

Background:

Peripheral nerve hyperexcitability (PNH) and neuromyotonia have been mainly attributed to antibodies against voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKC). Concurrent autoimmune disorders, malignancies, and heavy metal toxicity have also been implicated. There is scarce mention about infection as a triggering factor for PNH. There are no reports of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection being a possible precipitating factor for development of PNH.

Methods:

Case series and literature review.

Results:

Four subjects were diagnosed to have features of PNH based on clinical and electrophysiological assessment. All the subjects had concurrent evidence of cutaneous abscesses requiring surgical intervention and antibiotic therapy. The cultures in all of them revealed growth of Staphylococcus aureus with three of them being MRSA isolates. Two subjects tested positive for anti-VGKC antibodies. There was remarkable resolution in neuromyotonia after antibiotics in three subjects. One subject succumbed to fulminant MRSA septicemia.

Conclusion:

There appears to be a definitive link between staphylococcal infection (MRSA in particular) and development of PNH. The temporal evolution of PNH associated with the infection and resolution following treatment of the infection does support a causal association. The enterotoxins produced by staphylococci act as superantigens and could trigger an inflammatory cascade along with development of cross reacting antibodies against VGKC in peripheral nerves. Future studies with animal models could provide more directions in this regard.
The Mass Resolution of Ca, K Isotopes and CO, N2 and C2H4 Isobars in Isotopes Separator On-Line trap Mass spectrometry
Authors: B M Dyavappa
Published: July 2020

In Isotopes separator on-line trap, ions are trapped, cooled, accumulated, bunched and isotopes or isobars are separated, cyclotron frequencies are determined, which are followed by time of flight mass resolution. The mass resolution of isotopes in Penning trap mass spectrometry is achieved by the direct excitation of axial motion of ions, driven by RF field at the pure cyclotron frequencies of ions. The design and working of Isotopes separator on-line trap which is used for high-accuracy mass spectrometry in the mass resolution of calcium isotopes (40Ca+, 42Ca+, 44Ca+), potassium isotopes (39K+, 41K+) and [28(CO)]+, [(28N2)]+, [28(C2H4)]+ isobars found in mixtures is achieved from time of flight mass spectrometry are presented here.
L-Stable Block Hybrid Numerical Algorithm for First-Order Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Akinnukawe B. I. , Muka K. O.
Published: July 2020

In this work, a one-step L-stable Block Hybrid Multistep Method (BHMM) of order five was developed. The method is constructed for solving first order Ordinary Differential Equations with given initial conditions. Interpolation and collocation techniques, with power series as a basis function, are employed for the derivation of the continuous form of the hybrid methods. The discrete scheme and its second derivative are derived by evaluating at the specific grid and off-grid points to form the main and additional methods respectively. Both hybrid methods generated are composed in matrix form and implemented as a block method. The stability and convergence properties of BHMM are discussed and presented. The numerical results of BHMM have proven its efficiency when compared to some existing methods.
Measurement of the Excited Energies Identified in 42Ca using the ROSPHERE Gamma-ray Arrays.
Authors: Daniel T. , A. A. McAsule
Published: July 2020

Excited energy states totalling 11 in number identified to be associated with the 42Ca were detected via the ROSPHERE gamma-ray array detectors of IFIN-HH Bucharest from a 28Si(18O, 2p2n), where a multi-particle of 2 protons and 2 neutrons were evaporated in a fusion reaction. The excited energies were identified using γ-ray coincidences. All detected gamma energies (γ) recorded were compared with various literatures from NNDC and this shows an excellent agreement with each and the results are presented together with their calculated relative intensities.
Perturbed Collocation Method For Solving Singular Multi-order Fractional Differential Equations of Lane-Emden Type
Authors: Uwaheren O. A. , Adebisi A. F. , Taiwo O. A.
Published: July 2020

In this work, a general class of multi-order fractional differential equations of Lane-Emden type is considered. Here, an assumed approximate solution is substituted into a slightly perturbed form of the general class and the resulting equation is collocated at equally spaced interior points to give a system of linear algebraic equations which are then solved by suitable computer software; Maple 18.
EMG BASED DIAGNOSIS OF MYOPATHY AND NEUROPATHY USING MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES
Authors: C. D Anisha , N Arulanand
Published: July 2020

Myopathy and Neuropathy are non-progressive and progressive neuromuscular disorders which weakens the muscles and nerves respectively. Electromyography (EMG) signals are bio signals obtained from the individual muscle cells. EMG based diagnosis for neuromuscular disorders is a safe and reliable method. Integrating the EMG signals with machine learning techniques improves the diagnostic accuracy. The proposed system performs analysis on the clinical raw EMG dataset which is obtained from the publicly available PhysioNet database. The two-channel raw EMG dataset of healthy, myopathy and neuropathy subjects are divided into samples. The Time Domain (TD) features are extracted from divided samples of each subject. The extracted features are annotated with the class label representing the state of the individual. The annotated features split into training and testing set in the standard ratio 70: 30. The comparative classification analysis on the complete annotated features set and prominent features set procured using Pearson correlation technique is performed. The features are scaled using standard scaler technique. The analysis on scaled annotated features set and scaled prominent features set is also implemented. The hyperparameter space of the classifiers are given by trial and error method. The hyperparameters of the classifiers are tuned using Bayesian optimization technique and the optimal parameters are obtained. and are fed to the tuned classifier. The classification algorithms considered in the analysis are Random Forest and Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN). The performance evaluation of the classifiers on the test data is computed using the Accuracy, Confusion Matrix, F1 Score, Precision and Recall metrics. The evaluation results of the classifiers states that Random Forest performs better than MLPNN wherein it provides an accuracy of 96 % with non-scaled Time Domain (TD) features and MLPNN outperforms better than Random Forest with an accuracy of 97% on scaled Time Domain (TD) features which is higher than the existing systems. The inferences from the evaluation results is that Bayesian optimization tuned classifiers improves the accuracy which provides a robust diagnostic model for neuromuscular disorder diagnosis.
Audio Watermarking Schemes: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Jolly Jasmine , Shareef Mehbooba P
Published: July 2020

The growth of internet and its reachability to all sectors of people have never been greater. Internet has become the best marketplace, the best library and may be the best guide for everything. But this revolution comes with some bigger problems. One of the most challenging problems among them would be copyright protection of digital data being transferred over internet. Digital images, videos and audios undergo illegal re-production and re-distributions, tampering and other acts of copyright violation. This is proved to have leading the film and other prominent industries to loss of millions of dollars per year. Encrypting the data provides security to it. In this case only people who pay to buy the secret key that should be used for decryption can use the data. But the problem is that once decrypted, the data can be re-produced into any number of copies and can be re-distributed without any permission from the author. Watermarking is an intelligent solution for this problem where the presence of watermark can be checked to distinguish pirated copies from the actual ones. A lot of methods have been developed for image and video watermarking, but the research on audio watermarking started a little bit later. The reason might be the fact that audio watermarking is tedious compared to image and video as Human Auditory System (HAS) is more sensitive compared to Human Visionary System. So ensuring the imperceptibility of audio watermarks is a tougher task. In this thesis various audio watermarking schemes introduced so far in the literature and their merits and demerits are studied.
Data Dimensionality Reduction Techniques : Review
Authors: K Bhargavi
Published: July 2020

Data science is the study of data. It involves developing methods of recording, storing, and analyzing data to effectively extract useful information. The goal of data science is to gain insights and knowledge from any type of data — both structured and unstructured. Data science is related to computer science, but is a separate field. Computer science involves creating programs and algorithms to record and process data, while data science covers any type of data analysis, which may or may not use computers. Data science is more closely related to the mathematics field of Statistics, which includes the collection, organization, analysis, and presentation of data. Because of the large amounts of data modern companies and organizations maintain, data science has become an integral part of IT. For example, a company that has petabytes of user data may use data science to develop effective ways to store, manage, and analyze the data. The company may use the scientific method to run tests and extract results that can provide meaningful insights about their users.
Islamic Microfinance Service Quality and Its Impact on Yogyakarta Customers’ Satisfaction and Loyalty
Authors: Pras Prastyono Putro Pangarso , Sumadi Sumadi
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of service quality and religiosity on customer satisfaction and loyalty of Islamic Microfinance (KSPPS) in Yogyakarta. The research method uses a qualitative approach. The population in this study were all KSPPS customers in Yogyakarta. Samples were taken by 150 customers from 8 KSPPS using purposive sampling techniques. The analytical tool used for testing hypotheses in this study uses Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis with the Analysis Moment of Structure (AMOS) software application. The results of this study indicate that customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. Religiosity has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. Religiosity has a positive but not significant effect on customer loyalty. Service Quality has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. Quality of service has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty.
Knowledge, Practice and Techniques of Umbilical Cord Care among Mothers in Nwezenyi, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Nwonwu EU , Ituma BI , Onu-Njoku C , Sunday AJ , Anyigor BE , Amadi EC
Published: July 2020

Background: Umbilical cord care is the handling of the umbilical stump of new-born after delivery. Hygienic umbilical cord care is important for the well-being of the newborn infant. The study was to assess the knowledge, practice and techniques of umbilical cord care among mothers in Primary Health Care centre in Nwezenyi, Ebonyi State, Nigeria .

Methodology: The study was cross-sectional descriptive in design. Systematic sampling method was used to select 222 participants. Data were collected with semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.

Results: The study showed high (83.3%) awareness of umbilical cord care and low (11.7%) knowledge of proper material (chlorhexidine) for umbilical cord care, poor (8.1%) practice of the use of correct material. Factors influencing the choice of material used are cost (16.7%), availability (17.1%), convenience (10.4%), “works faster” (20.7%) and “type respondent is aware of” (35.1%).

Conclusion: High awareness of umbilical cord care management in this study did not commensurately translate to use of correct materials for its care. Thus, there was high risk of neonatal infection including neonatal tetanus. Focused health education to mothers will help improve their knowledge, practice and the use of correct material in umbilical cord care to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Malaria Diagnosis and Treatment Practices in Public Primary Health Care Clinics in Pankshin Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria.
Authors: Daboer JC , Afolaranmi TO , Banwat ME , Tagurum YO , Gokir JD
Published: July 2020

Background: Malaria remains the most important infectious disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Over exposure of the parasite to antimalarial medicines has precipitated the emergence of drug resistance to these medicines. The World Health Organization in 2010 issued a new policy of universal parasite-based diagnosis as a prerequisite for treatment. This study aimed at determining if Primary Health Care workers in Pankshin Local Government Area are complying with the new policy.

 Methods: Using stratified sampling technique, six clinics were selected from Pankshin Local Government Area. Relevant information on all patients treated for malaria between 1st May 2015 and 30th April 2016 was extracted from clinic records. All health workers who attended to patients were interviewed while a facility inventory form was used to collect information on availability of drugs and supplies. Data generated were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.

Results: Out of 2909 patients studied, only 37.3% were tested for malaria parasites before treatment; 68.4% of whom had microscopy while 20.5% had Rapid Diagnostic Test. For those not tested 22.5% had Artemisinin Combination Therapy while 48.1% had non-Artemisinin Combination Therapy. Out of those who tested negative for malaria parasite, 8.8% and 21.6% were treated with Artemisinin Combination Therapy and non-Artemisinin Combination Therapy respectively Those who tested positive received Artemisinin Combination Therapy alone (35.5%) or in combination with other drugs (64.5%). Testing influenced the choice of drug for malaria treatment and this was statistically significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:  Pretreatment testing for malaria and adherence to test results in Primary Health Care clinics in Pankshin are low. Concerted efforts are required for their training and supervision on the current guidelines on malaria diagnosis and treatment.
Knowledge and practice of preparedness for infectious disease prevention and control among healthcare workers in secondary health care facilities in Osogbo, Nigeria
Authors: Adebimpe WO , Adabanija K , Ibirongbe DO
Published: July 2020

Background: Health care workers have critical roles to play in breaking the chain of infections in health care settings. The outbreak of Lassa Fever and Ebola Virus Disease in the West African sub-region in recent times is a rationale for a dire need for a strong epidemic preparedness system. The objective of the study is to assess the knowledge and practice of preparedness for infectious disease prevention and control among healthcare workers in secondary health care facilities in Osogbo, Nigeria.Methods: It was a Descriptive cross sectional study and 340 healthcare workers were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Research instrument used were semi structured pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software version 17 .0.Results: The mean age of the respondents was 42 + 8.9 years. Out of the 340 healthcare workers studied 88.7% had good knowledge, while 72% and 67% had favorable attitude and good practice towards preparedness for infectious disease prevention and control respectively. Three hundred and eight (90.6%) said they washed their hands regularly before and after procedures. Only 37.4% said they still recap used needles and 31.8% said they have Infectious Disease Prevention and Control committee in their health facility. One hundred and ninety eight (58.2%) said they normally practice quarantine for eligible suspected cases and 77.4% perceived themselves to be at occupational risk of contracting infectious diseases. Having more than ten years of working experience was the major predictor of likelihood to have good knowledge, attitude and practice of preparedness on binary logistic regression analysis.Conclusion: The gap between knowledge and practice of preparedness for Infectious Disease and prevention Control calls for improved awareness and training among health workers, and their consistent monitoring towards behavioural change.
Outpatient Appointments and waiting Time in a Tertiary Health Facility in Jos
Authors: Akosu TJ , Afolaranmi T , Odunze P
Published: July 2020

Background: The system used to schedule outpatient appointments affects the time clients wait before seeing their doctors. The purpose of this study was to determine the appointment system used in Jos University Teaching Hospital and the waiting time before consultation.Methods: A semi- structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 202 clients selected by multi-stage sampling technique. A trained observer recorded the time patients waited before seeing their doctor. Results: Single block appointment system was used to schedule outpatient appointments for all the subjects. Median waiting time was 220 minutes (IQR 172.50 – 296.25 minutes). There was a significant relationship between type of Clinic and waiting time (p=0.0003). Most of the subjects (79.2%) were not happy with the time they spent waiting to see a doctor although about 57 percent of them were generally satisfied with the services they received in the Hospital. Conclusion: Jos University Teaching Hospital practices block appointment system that results in long waiting time. Urgent action is needed to change this practice that contributes to patient's dissatisfaction.
Knowledge of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Mode of	Transmission among Women of Reproductive Age in Work and Study Programme of Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Nigeria
Authors: Nwonwu EU , Ossai EN , Okafor IC , Ike AK , Chukwu V , Ezeogu C
Published: July 2020

Background: Hepatitis B virus is the most serious type of viral hepatitis and can cause both acute and chronic infections. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of hepatitis B virus infection and its mode of transmission among women of reproductive age in Work and Study programme of Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Nigeria

Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A systematic sampling technique was used to select 326 respondents. Information was obtained using a pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire. Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 22 was used in the analysis.

Results: Majority (77.6%) of the respondents were aware of hepatitis B virus infection and the major (50%) source of information was health workers. Knowledge on  method of transmission of the virus included blood transfusion, 62.3%; unprotected sexual intercourse, 54.0%; mother to child transmission, 40.5% while for prevention, screening of blood before transfusion had 62.6%; vaccination, 48.8% and use of condom, 42.6%. A minor proportion (32.5%) had been vaccinated with the Hepatitis B vaccine and only 39.6% had received the recommended three doses. The major (50%) reason for non-vaccination was ignorance. Out of 27.0% who had been screened for the virus 1.5% knew they tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen.

Conclusions: Majority of the respondents were aware of hepatitis B virus infection. Though most of the respondents had good knowledge of the transmission of the virus, their understanding of the methods of prevention was poor. There is need for public enlightenment on the burden of hepatitis B virus infection in Nigeria and the availability and importance of the hepatitis B vaccine.