bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS AND SHELF STABILITY OF CHICKEN PATTEIS MARINATED WITH BLACK COFFEE SEED POWDER
Authors: Awodoyin O. R. , Adediran O. A. , Abedor A. I. , Ogundadegbe A. O.
Published: December 2024

Coffee contains significant amounts of antioxidants compounds such as chlorogenic and caffeic whose potential has not been maximized in the meat industry. Four independent patties containing 0, 1.25, 2.50 and 3.75g/kg Black Coffee Seed Powder (BCSP). Molded raw patties (approximately 50g, 5cm diameter, 0.6 cm thickness) were oven cooked at 180±2 C for 20 minutes. Each batch was repeated three times. Moisture, crude protein and organoleptic characteristics (9point hedonic scale) of freshly cooked patties were assessed. Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) (µ/g) were assessed on 0, 7 and 14 days. Data were analysed using one way ANOVA and DMRT to test significance level at Pα0.05. Patties with 3.75g BCSP contained higher (P<0.05) moisture (62.96) than 2.50g (59.71), 1.25g (56.82) and 0g (42.19) BCSP patties. Crude protein: 16.52 (1.25g) and 16.64 (2.50g) were similar (P>0.05) but lower ( P<0.05) than 17.76 (3.75g.) and 14.38(0g). Juiciness of 1.25g (6.80) and 2.50g (6.40) BCSP pattie were similar (P>0.05) with 0g (5.60) but higher (P<0.05) than 3.75g (4.20) BCSP patties. The TBARS (1.59, 2.51, 3.21) of patties with 3.75g BCSP were higher (P<0.05) than 1.65, 2.60, 3.27 (2.50g), 1.72, 2.67, 3.34 (1.25g) and 2.19, 3.13, 3.82 (0g) at 0, 7 and 14 days respectively.  Increased juiciness and reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances showed that black coffee seeds powder do not have adverse organoleptic characteristics in patties and can be a good antioxidant. In preserved meat
INTAKE AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF SHEEP FED ALBIZIA LEBBECKCASSAVA PEEL SILAGE
Authors: AJAYI F. T. , OMOTOSO S. O. , ODEJIDE J. O. , OGUNLEKE F. O.
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to evaluate the intake and performance of West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep fed Albizia lebbeck-cassava peel silage. Eight West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep aged 5-6 months, and average weights of 10.5 kg were randomly allotted into four dietary treatments in a 4 x 4 Latin Square Design in a trial that lasted 56 days. Diets 1 to 3 are silage treatments, while diet 4 is the control (Panicum maximum). The values of dry matter ranged from 43.62 — 86.83%. Crude protein for the silage diet varies from 1 1.28-13.32%, and the control was 6.81%, while the Neutral detergent fibre, Acid detergent fibre and Acid detergent lignin values ranged from 25.55-35.26 %, 24.61-29.40 % and 18.73-26.13 %, respectively. Total feed intake and weight gain was highest in sheep fed diet 1 (840 and 566 g/day), and lowest in sheep fed diet 4 (69.29 and 48.93 g/day). Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was best in sheep fed diet 3 (9.05). It can be concluded that sheep fed diet I performed best in terms of total feed intake and weight gain, while diet 3 were better utilized by the sheep. Therefore, Albizia lebbeck-cassava peel silage would enhance sheep performance during dry season when grasses would have been deficient of essential nutrients.
EFFECT OF PHYSICAL FEED STRUCTURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS
Authors: Comfort M. , Jessica N. A.
Published: December 2024

The effect of physical structure of broiler’s feed (pelleted vs. mash feed) on their performance was studied in this trial. Two groups of 300 commercial broilers each (ROSS-308) were created. The control group was fed with mash feed, while the experimental group was fed crumbled feed during the starter phase first three weeks (0-3 weeks) and then pelleted feed until the end of the life (slaughtering). Both feeds were of identical composition and formulation as well as same environmental and management conditions were provided for both groups. At the end of this trial, it was observed that broilers fed with pelleted feed had a 6-7% higher body weight, a higher carcass weight and a higher meat yield (P<0.01). The same conclusion was drawn on the flock uniformity. The pelleted feed fed group demonstrated a more efficient feed conversion rate (1.81kgfeed/kg live weight). These results clearly demonstrate the advantages of using the crumbled/pelleted feed vs the mash one, since the production parameters of commercial broilers show it.
BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES OF BROILER CHICKENS FED DIETS CONTAINING DIFFERENT ENZYMES
Authors: Ndagimba, R. J. , Kolo R. R. , Egbeyale T. L.
Published: December 2024

Animals used behaviour as one of the important tools of adapting to their physical and social environment. This study was conducted to examine the effect of enzyme on the behavioural response of broiler chickens fed with diets containing different enzymes.. The experiment was carried out for six weeks using one hundred and twenty-day old cobb 500 broiler chicks (n = 120). The birds were randomly distributed into four dietary treatment, such that there were 30 birds per each treatment and replicated thrice with ten birds each.. Treatment 1 (T1) (control diet without enzyme), T2 (diet with enzyme Nutrizymes NZ), T3 (diet with enzyme Nutrizymes NZ + Avizymes VZ) and T4 (diet with enzyme Nutrizymes NZ + Roxazyme PZ). Walking, lying, floor scratching, eating, wing flapping, feather pecking, dust bathing, preening and flying were not significantly (p<0.05) influenced by age while floor scratching, fighting and sleeping were significant (p<0.05). floor and fighting (3.20) behaviours were observed in broiler chickens atb5th week while birds appeared to sleep (0.81) more at 3rd week of age compared to the fifth week. Birds were seen lying down frequently (23.76) (p<0.5) in treatment 4 (NZ+PZ) while a higher occurrence of floor scratching (106.10) was observed on treatment 3 (NZ+VZ) diet which signifies better welfare. The interaction between enzyme and behaviour was significant (p<0.05) in birds on diet NZ+VZ with higher incidence of floor scratching (188.0) while fighting behaviour was seen on birds in T4 (NZ+PZ) diet. The study concluded that addition of enzymes in broiler diet enhances better behavioural response in NZ+PZ.
MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF SEXUAL MATURITY CHARACTERISTICS OF COCKERELS OF BOVAN NERA AND ISA BROWN PARENT STOCK STRAINS IN IBADAN NIGERIA
Authors: JESUYON O. M. A.
Published: December 2024

The objective of the study was to elucidate some of the factors that affect growth and development of breeder cockerels on deep-litter system in the environment. Sexual maturity characteristics in cockerel are important breeding and management indices. Ten records namely cockerel weight at 10 weeks (CW10Wks), cockerel weight at first spermatozoa production (CWFS), cockerel weight at full maturity (CWFM), Feed uptake at 10 Weeks (FU10Wks), Feed uptake at first spermatozoa production (FUFS), feed uptake at full maturity (FUFM), Age at first spermatozoa production (AFS). Age at full maturity (AFM). Batch and genotype were extracted from the record books of a popular Parent stock breeding farm in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study materials were Bovan Nera and Isa Brown Strains. Data were grouped into seasons, maturity group and genotype before they were subjected to ANOVA (p<0.05) and multivariate analysis using SAS (V8) and SPSS (17.0) softwares. AFM differ significantly (p<0.05) between genotypes in the wet season but was reversed in rank between the two maturity status groups in the environment. Principal Factor Analysis (PFA) elicited Age/maturity status/batch, Cockerel weight, random environmental, Full maturity and Seasonal Factors as important for breeding and management of cockerels on the deep litter in the environment. The lack of significant difference in CWFM between genotypes was an indication of the high level of adaptability of both genotypes to the humid environment. Keywords: Age at first spermatozoa production, Cockerel weight at 10 Weeks, Cockerel weight at first spermatozoa production, Early maturity characteristics, hot-humid areas.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF WEANER RABBITS FED GRADED LEVELS OF MILLET OFFAL DIETS AS REPLACEMENT FOR WHEAT OFFAL
Authors: Ajimohun F. F. , Doma U. D. , Mancha Y. P. , Kalla D. J. U. , Oshibanjo D. O. , Akwashiki M. A. , Adelowo V. O. , Bot M. H. , Olaiya O. D.
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the growth performance of weaner rabbits fed graded levels of millet offal diets with groundnut haulms as replacement for wheat offal. A total of 60 weaner rabbits aged 5- 6 comprising New Zealand white, Californian white, Dutch Belted, American checkered, Chinchilla and English Spotted of both sexes were purchased from reputable rabbit farmers in Vom Jos South where used in 8 weeks feeding trial. In this experiment, five iso-nitrogenous diets were formulated to meet 16% crude protein nutritional requirements of the weaner rabbits and similar levels of crude fibre by replacing wheat offal with graded levels of millet offal respectively in which groundnut haulms constituted 20% of each diet. The diets were designated 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Diet 1 contained wheat offal which served as the control (0%) while treatments (2-5) contained millet offal at graded levels of 25, 50, 75, and 100%, respectively. Data on daily Feed intake was determined, weight gains, Feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. Mortality records were kept when they occurred throughout the experimental period. There were no significant differences in all parameters measured. Conclusion, the inclusion of millet offal was best at 75 -100% with improved the growth performance of rabbits without any deleterious effect.
PERFORMANCE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY OF LAYING HENS FED DIETARY TURMERIC AND CLOVE
Authors: Adio A. A. , Ademola S. G. , Arasi K. K. , Akinwumi A. O. , Shittu M. D. , Adesanmi O. F. , Ogunbiyi D. O. , Oyekan O. G. , Ogundare T. J.
Published: December 2024

Eighty (80) 18 weeks old, grower birds of ISA Brown strain were used to evaluate performance and nutrient digestibility of hens fed dietary turmeric and clove. The birds were randomly divided into 5 groups of 4 replicates per group. Each replicate contained 4 birds. Five experimental diets were formulated for the study namely: Basal diet without test ingredients (control). Diet T1 was basal diet supplemented with 0.1% Clove Bud Powder (CBP) and 0.25% Turmeric Rhizome Powder (TRP). The T2 was basal diet that contained 0.2% CBP and 0.25% TRP. Basal diet containing 0.1% CBP and 0.5% TRP was tagged T3. Diet T4 was basal diet supplemented with 0.2% CLP and 0.5% TRP. The results showed that dietary treatment significantly (P>0.05) influence performance and nutrient digestibility of laying hens. The highest average daily feed intake (ADFI) was observed in hens fed diet T2. The heaviest egg mass (45.24 g/egg) was recorded for laying hens fed 0.1% CBP and 0.25% TRP diet (T1). The main effect of CBP at 0.1% impacted higher Hen Day Production (HDP) (P= 0.048) and egg mass (P = 0.021) than those fed 0.2% CBP. Dietary treatment significantly influenced nutrient digestibility for crude protein (P=0.002), ash (P=0.0001), ether extract (P=0.048), crude fibre (P=0.0002) and nitrogen Free Extract, NFE, (P=0.0003). The highest digestibility for ash (74.22%), ether extract (92.67%) and NFE (76.99%) was observed in laying hens fed diet supplemented with 0.1% CBP and 0.5% TRP (T3).
CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKEN FED AFRICAN PARQUETINA
Authors: Obi G. C. , SANGOSINA M. I.
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to determine the effect of Africana Parquetina (Parquetina nigrescens) as a phytogenic feed additive (PFA) on carcass characteristics of broiler chicken. One hundred and twenty day old Arbor Acres broiler chicken were assigned to four dietary treatment with thirty birds in a Completely Randomized Design with the inclusion level 12.5g of antibiotics, 50g of Parquetina nigrescens powdery extract, 75g Parquetina nigrescens powdery extract and 100g Parquetina nigrescens powdery extract. The thirty chicks were subdivided into 3 replicates of 10 birds each at finisher phase. Feed and water were given appropriately and recorded. Carcass parameters measured were live weight, dead weight, eviscerated weight, primal cuts (thigh, drumstick, breast and wing) and internal organs (gizzard, liver, kidney, heart, proventriculus, ileum, duodenum, jejunum, spleen, back). The result of the carcass parameters of the birds showed that there was no significant differences (P>0.05) in the cut parts and primal cuts. This study revealed that the inclusion of Parquetina nigrescens has no detrimental effect on the carcass parameter, organ weight and primal cut values of the experimental birds but improved the average body weight and live ability of the birds at the inclusion level at 50g/25kg.
GROWTH RESPONSE OF FINISHER BROILERS FED VARYING DIETARY LEVELS OF BAMBARA NUT (VIGNA SUBTERRANEA (L) VERDE) OFFAL AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR MAIZE
Authors: Nkwocha G. A. , Nwose R.N , Onwuzuruike R. C. , Olagbegi A. D.
Published: December 2024

Looking ahead towards the path to inclusive prosperity by enhancing the productivity of bambara nut production in Nigeria will be a step in the right direction towards fighting food insecurity and malnutrition in the country. Thus, this study was carried to assess growth response of finisher broilers fed varying dietary levels of bambara nut (Vigna subterranea (l) verde) offal as partial replacement for maize. A 28 day feeding trial was conducted for the evaluation. Four diets containing 0, 5, 10 and 15% levels of Bambara Nut Offal (BNO) coded T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively were fed to 120 Ross 308 strain broiler birds. The broiler birds were divided into four groups of 30 birds per treatment replicated three times with 10 birds per replicate. The treatment diets were randomly assigned to experimental stocks in a completely randomized design (CRD). Performance data revealed that treatment significantly (P<0.05) affected the final body weight, body weight change and daily weight gain of finisher broiler birds. The highest final body weight of (2733.33g) was recorded in T2 (5% inclusion) while the least body weight of (2266.67g) was recorded by birds in T4 (15% inclusion). In view of the above result, BNO should be included in the ration of finisher broilers at 5% level for optimum performance to make animal protein available at a reduced cost and maximized profit.
PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMICS OF FINISHER BROILER CHICKENS FED DIETS CONTAINING MAIWA MILLET (PENNISETUM GLAUCUM). REPLACEMENT FOR RED SORGHUM
Authors: Tok C. C. , Dafur B. S. , Ruma A. G. , Gosup B. G.
Published: December 2024

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance and cost benefits of replacing red sorghum with Maiwa millet in broiler finisher diets. Three hundred broiler chickens weighing 899.99 - 985.53g each were assigned to five diets in replicates of four containing 15 birds each in a completely randomized design. In the diets Maiwa millet replaced red sorghum at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% levels, designated as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. Feed and water were served ad libitum during the experiment which lasted for four weeks. Daily feed intake of birds did not differ among treatments and ranged between 90-18-97’23g on T5 and T2, respectively. However, daily weight gain was higher (P<0.05) in broiler birds feed T5 (56.53g), feed conversion ratio was better for broiler chickens fed T5 (1.60). Economics indices showed that total feed intake was highest (2.72kg) on T2 and lowest (2.53kg) on T5, feed cost per kg was lowest on T5 (N287.01) and highest on T1 (N392.11) while feed cost per kg gain was N541.98 (T4) and N601.96 (T1). The highest cost savings of N142.38 was made on T4. It was concluded that Maiwa millet can completely replace red sorghum in broiler finisher diets without any negative effect on growth performance. Replacing red sorghum with Maiwa at 75% level gave a highest cost savings.
EFFECT OF GENOTYPE AND SEX ON PRE-WEANING BODY WEIGHT AND CARCASS TRAITS OF PIGS
Authors: Adeoye A. A. , Udo J. E. , Ikeobi C. N. O. , Abiola S. S. , Adebambo O. A O. A.
Published: December 2024

Records of weekly body weight and carcass characteristics of sixty (60) pigs farrowed by two boars( Large White and indigenous dihybrid Large Black), two indigenous dihybrid Duroc sows, two indigenous dihybrid Large Black sows and four Large White sows kept at Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University of Agriculture were used for this study. There was no sex effect (P>0.05) on the pre-weaning weekly body weight of the piglets at early weeks, except at weeks 6 to 8.Genotype effect on weekly body weight was significant (p<0.05) at week one. And its effects were also. significant on loin eye area and uterus weight while sex effect was observed on backfat, kidney weight and stomach weight. Genotype and sex have significant effects on pre- weaning body weight and carcass characteristics.
RELATIONSHIP AMONG LIVEWEIGHT AND LINEAR DIMENSIONS OF YANKASA SHEEP IN HADEJIA LIVESTOCK MARKET, JIGAWA STATE
Authors: UMAR A. M. , MOHAMMED A. , TAMBURAWA M.S. , IBRAHIM S. L. , KAZAURE L. A. , ADAMU S. H. , MUHAMMAD Y. , JINADU L. A. , HADEJIA M. G.
Published: December 2024

The liveweight (LW) and linear body measurements (LBMs) of one hundred and twenty (120) yearling Yankasa Sheep from Hadejia Livestock Market were used for the study. The LBMs were Age, Backlength (BL), Tail length (TL), Ear length (EL), Horn length (HL), Neck length (NL). Height at Withers (HAW). Heart girth(HG) and LW. The correlation coefficient of LW and all LBMs were positive. The strongest and weakest relationship were observed between LW and HL (r = 0.680; P < 0.01), and LW and TL. (0.124) respectively. HAW and HG could be used to predict the LW among all the LBMs.
EFFECT OF SOME INTRINSIC FACTORS ON GESTATION LENGTH, BIRTH WEIGHT AND MILK YIELD OF FRIESIAN X BUNAJI COWS
Authors: ZANNA M. , ALPHONSUS C.
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to determine the effect of sire of dam, parity, dam body condition score (BCS) and sex of calf on birth weight (BWT), gestation length (GL) and milk yield (MY) of Friesian x Bunaji dairy cows. Results showed that sire had significant (P<0.05) effect on gestation length (GL), birth weight (BWT) and milk yield (MY) of dam. However, parity of dam had no significant (P>0.05) effect on GL and BWT of calves, but had significant (P<0.05) effect on MY with a trend that showed an increase in milk yield with parity until the maximum yield was attained at 4 parity and declined thereafter. The dams body condition score (BCS) had significant effect on GL, BWT and MY. Dams with higher BCS (>3.5) had longer GL (280.27days) and higher BWT (30.50kg), while those with moderate BCS (ranged 2.5-3.5) had higher MY(1995.25kg) and moderate BWT (26.33kg). Findings in this study showed that the maximum parity in which optimum performance of this crosses could be attain is the 4th parity. beyond which the production capacity may declined. Also, the dam BCS required for optimum BWT and MY is between 2.5 and 3.5 point.
EFFECTS OF VARYING DIETARY ENERGY AND PROTEIN LEVELS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF PRE-STARTER BROILER CHICKS
Authors: Edem B. P. , Afolabi K. D. , Unah U. L. , Ekanem N. J. , Elijah N. A. , Simeon U. U.
Published: December 2024

This study was aimed at assessing and ascertaining the energy and protein levels needed by broilers reared in the southern rainforest of Nigeria for its optimal performance. Two hundred and eighty-eight (288) day old broiler chicks of Abor Acre strain were used for the experiment. These birds were allocated to sixteen treatment groups of eighteen birds each with three replicate of six birds each. The experiment lasted for three weeks at the pre-starter phase. Sixteen (16) diets were formulated comprising of four (4) Metabolizable Energy(ME) levels (2800, 3000, 3200 and 3400kcalME/kgDM) and four (4) protein levels (18, 20, 22 and 24%CP). The data obtained from the research was subjected to descriptive statistics and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) of 4x4 factorial arrangement and the means were separated using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) of GENSTAT (2005). The result obtained showed that daily feed intake reduced with an increasing dietary energy level. The daily body weight gain increased with an increasing crude protein level and dietary energy level. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) reduced with an increasing crude protein level along with dietary energy level. Daily protein intake increased with an increasing crude protein level while dietary energy intake level increased with an increasing energy level. Protein and energy levels had highly significant (p<0.05) effect on body weight gain. Chicks fed diet with 3400kcalME/kgDM and 22%CP (treatment 15) had the least feed conversion ratio and the least cost of feed intake per kg body weight gain and is more economical.
EVALUATING PHYTOGENIC COMPOSITION OF ORANGE PEELS, LEMON PEEL, LEMON GRASS, CURRY LEAVES, THEIR COMBINATIONS AND RESULTANT EFFECT ON BROILER CHICKEN PERFORMANCE
Authors: Aderibigbe A. E. , Fafiolu A. O. , Oso A. O. , Akamo J. A.
Published: December 2024

Phytogenics are becoming increasingly acceptable as alternative to in-feed growth promoters in farm animals. Some of the phytogenics identified included orange peel (OP), lemon peel (LP), lemon grass (LG) and curry leaf (CL). Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the phytochemical composition of the test ingredients and the impact of dietary additives of selected phytogenics in different combination and equal quantity to determine their resultant synergistic effects on broiler chickens performance. A total of 320 day-old (Ross 308) broiler chickens were allotted to 8 dietary treatments with four (4) replicates of ten (10) birds each. Dietary treatments included basal diet without additive (negative control; T1), with antibiotics (positive control; T2), 50% LP+ 50% OP (T3), 50% LP+50% LG (T4), 50% LP+50% CL (T5), 50% OP+50% LG (T6), 50% OP+50% CL (T7), and 50% LG+50% CL (T8). The experiment lasted for 42 days. Analytical screening of test ingredients and growth performance were evaluated. Data obtained were subjected to one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results obtained revealed that the test ingredients contain substantial quantities of phytochemicals including flavonoid, terpernoid, steroid and alkaloid. Feed conversion ratio was significantly reduced (p<0.05) in birds fed LP + CL supplemented diet at 3 weeks which resulted in the increased (p<0.05) final weight gain of birds in this treatment at 6 week. In conclusion, combinations of selected phytogeniics improved their phytochemical content such as tannin in LP + LG and improved final weight gain (LP + CL) better than the control groups.
A MORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATION OF THE TONGUE OF AN ADULT QUWA LOCAL DOMESTIC DUCK (Anas platyrhynchos domestica)
Authors: BELLO A. , ONU J. E. , UMARU M. A. , JIMOH M. I. , OLUSOLA O.
Published: December 2024

A Biometric study was conducted on the tongue of twenty-five (25) adult domestic duck of both sex collected from the Sokoto metropolitan poultry and fish modern market, over a period of seven days. A pair of scissors, a scalpel and a blade was used to incise, excise, separate or debride various parts of the oral cavity to expose the organ for morphological observations. Results showed that the tongue is characterized by an elongated triangular format. At a point, approximately 2/3 the length of the lingual corpus there is a distinct depression, separating the caudal one-third of the lingual corpus from its rostral two-third. On the dorsal surface of the apex and body of the tongue, a median groove was present. A unique feature observed on the tongue in domestic Duck is the presence of many fine overlapping needle- shaped processes at both lateral sides of the caudal lingual-apex. A single row of large conical papillae is observed symmetrically in the marginal region between the body and root of the tongue. Biometrically the mean dimensions were discussed clearly. Based on the findings, there is need to conduct a research in detail to study the histological features and differentiation at specific ages of ducks, in order to relate this features with their special adaptive mode of feeding.
CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND VILLI MORPHOMETRIC TRAITS OF BROILER CHICKENS FED DIET CONTAINING COMBINATIONS OF OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM AND OCIMUM CANUM
Authors: Salihu E. A. , Onimisi P. A. , Omage J. J.
Published: December 2024

Scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) and curry leaf (Ocimum canum) essential oils possess all the attributes of natural growth promoters (NGPs) and may be used as an alternative to common artificial growth promoters. Thus, this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of combination of Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum canum on carcass characteristics and villi morphometric traits of broiler chickens. A total of 405 day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were allotted randomly to five dietary treatments each replicated thrice, with 27 chicks. Combination of Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum canum were included at 0g, 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75 (T1-T4) while oxytetracycline was used as positive control (T5). Data were collected and analyzed on carcass characteristics and villi morphometric traits using analysis of variance and significant differences among treatment means were compared using Tukey procedures. Result on carcass characteristics revealed that cut parts were similar statistically but organs weights were significantly (p<0.05) increased while abdominal fat contents were reduced in birds fed combinations of the PFAs (p<0.05) at 600:200 and 200:600 g/100kg diet. Villi area, villi perimeter, height, width, crypt depth and villi height/crypt depth ratio were higher (p<0.05) in birds fed dietary combinations of O. gratissimum and O. canum at 600:200 and AGP compared to the control. Inclusion of O. gratissimum and O. canum in broiler chickens diets in combinations at 600:200 and 200:600 resulted into higher live weight, dressing percentage and villi morphometric traits with reduction in abdominal fat. Farmers and feed millers can use O. gratissimum and O. canum each in combinations at 600:200 or 200:600 g/100kg diets for improved live weight.
MINERAL UTILIZATION BY WEANLING AND GROWING PIGS FED DIFFERENT CASSAVA PLANT MEAL PRODUCTS AND MAIZE
Authors: Ogundeji S. T. , Akinfala E. O.
Published: December 2024

The study aimed at evaluating the apparent mineral digestibility of weaning and growing pigs fed cassava plant meal (CPM) and maize-based diets to determine its utilization. Three Cassava plant meal products (CPMPs) were developed comprising of tender stem harvested 5 cm from the top of the plant, unpeeled cassava root (UCRM), and cassava leaves collected after the roots were harvested. They were sundried for 5–7 days and milled. The CPMP I contained 66.67 % UCRM, 27.78 % cassava leaf meal (CLM), and 5.63 % tender stem meal, CPMP 2 contained 71.43 % UCRM, 23.80 % CLM and 4.77 % tender stem meal while CPMP 3 contain 75 % UCRM, 20.83 % CLM and 4.17 % tender stem meal. Sixteen weaner pigs and sixteen growing pigs weighing (9.70±0.57 kg) and (18.50 ±1.30 kg) were randomly allotted to developed CPMPs and maize. The animals were kept in metabolic cages for 7 days and fed 100 % experimental diets. Water was supplied ad libitum while feed was supplied at 4% of their weight. The fecal samples were collected daily, weighed, oven-dried, and analyzed for proximate composition. The sexperiment lasted 21 days. The result of mineral digestibility by weaning pigs showed significant differences (P < 0.05) for all minerals except copper. Mineral digestibility of growing pigs showed significant differences (P < 0.05) for all the minerals while CMP 3-fed pigs showed superiority in the utilization of calcium (51.83 %), Mg (53.97 %), and Manganese (97.15 %) compared to other CPMPs. The study concluded that CPM product 3 minerals such as Ca, Mn, Cu, Mg and P are best digested and utilized by weaner and grower pigs compared to CPM Products 1 and 2.
DIURNAL, SEASONAL AND SEX INFLUENCES ON HEART RATES OF AFRICAN GIANT RATS (Cricetomys gambianus, WATERHOUSE) IN THE NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNAH ZONE OF NIGERIA
Authors: DZENDA T. , AYO J. O. , LAKPINI C. A. M. , ADELAIYE A. B.
Published: December 2024

Heart rate (HR) was measured over a 3-year period in captive African Giant rats (AGRS), live-trapped in Zaria, Nigeria during the harmattan (cold-dry), hot-dry and rainy seasons, as influenced by diurnal, seasonal and sex patterns. The HR showed no significant diurnal changes (P > 0.05) during the hot-dry and rainy seasons, but the morning and afternoon effects differed (P<0.01) during the cold-dry season. Overall seasonal HR differed (P<0.001) among the seasons, with the highest (165.8 0.51 bpm) and lowest (153.1 ± 0.74 bpm) values recorded during the cold-dry and hot-dry seasons, respectively. HR of males (bucks) was lower than that of females (does) during the cold-dry (P<0.0001) and hot-dry (P < 0.01) seasons, but sex difference during the rainy season was not significant (P > 0.05). It is concluded that season, time of day and sex influenced fluctuations in HRS of AGRS, and should be considered during clinical evaluations.
AMELIORATIVE POTENTIALS OF VITAMIN E AGAINST THE IMPACTS OF DIETARY FUMONISIN B, ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF FEMALE RABBITS
Authors: ADU O. A. , GBORE F. A.
Published: December 2024

Forty-nine young female rabbits were used to evaluate the ameliorative potentials of an antioxidant, vitamins E, against the growth-depressing effects of fumonisin B, (FB,)-an environmental mycotoxin, on animals. The animals were randomly assigned to the control diet without FB, and six diets containing different concentrations of dietary FB, or with antioxidant (i.e. 0.25mg FB, 0.5mg FB1, 0.75mg FB. 0.25mg FB, +100mg Vitamin E, 0.5mg FB, +100mg Vitamin E, and 0.75mg FB + 100mg Vitamin E) for 8 weeks. The weight changes of the rabbits generally decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in the dietary FB, concentrations and the potentials of the antioxidant to ameliorate the effect of the toxin on the animals also decreased with increase in the dietary FB, concentrations. The weight gained by the animals fed diets containing only FB, were only about 38.6-58.6 % while those fed diets containing FB, plus vitamin E had 80.494.8 % of those on the control. The antioxidant also improved the feed efficiency of the animals fed diets containing FB, plus vitamin E over those fed diets containing varied concentrations of FB, only. The study has shown the ameliorative potentials of vitamin E on the impacts of FB, on animal growth performance. Vitamin E at 100mg/kg of feed is recommended as a nutritional strategy pecially at concentrations of > 5.0 mg FB,/kg, to alleviate the growth-depressing effect of FB, on animal. The strategy of using food additives, such as antioxidants, to protect livestock from the mycotoxin may also provide effective and economical new approaches to protecting human populations.
RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKENS TO DIETARY LEVELS OF SORGHUM MILLING RESIDUE
Authors: Ibrahim M. A. , Ubale I. I. , Usman M.
Published: December 2024

The study was aimed at investigating the response of broiler chickens to varying dietary levels of sorghum milling residue (SMR) as a cost-effective alternative in poultry feed. Five experimental diets (A to E) were formulated with SMR at levels of 0, 10, 15, 20, and 25%. Performance characteristics namely; daily feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and cost-benefit analysis were evaluated over a 63-day feeding period. The results indicated that there were no significant differences (p >0.05) in productive performance, mortality rates, and feed intake among the different dietary groups during the starter and finisher phases. However, there were notable differences in the feed conversion ratio during the finisher phase, with diet D (20% SMR) showing the most favorable ratio. Cost-benefit analysis revealed potential economic advantages, with diet D demonstrating the lowest feed cost per kilogram of weight gain, indicating cost savings compared to other diets. The percentage of cost savings further emphasized the economic benefits of incorporating SMR into broiler chicken diets. In conclusion, the study suggests that sorghum milling residue can be a viable and cost-effective substitute in broiler chicken diets, particularly at the 20% inclusion level. Further research and field trials are recommended to validate these findings and optimize the use of sorghum milling residue in commercial poultry production.
INFLUENCE OF MORINGA OLEIFERA SEED MEAL ON THE PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF BROILER FINISHER CHICKENS
Authors: Obakanurhe O. , Sanubi J. O.
Published: December 2024

The increase in world population and broiler meat demand in Nigeria necessitates addressing malnutrition concerns. Feed costs account for 70-80 % of total production expenses, posing challenges to the poultry industry. To address these difficulties, this research explored the impact on cost and performance of broiler chicken fed varying inclusion levels of moringa oleifera seed meal (MOSM). A total of one hundred and twenty (21-day-old) Cobb 500 strain broiler chicken were used for the experiment. The birds were weighed and randomly allocated into one of four treatments with 3 replicates housing 10 birds per replicate. They were fed varied amounts of MOSM (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%). The results showed that there were significant difference (P<0.05) on final body weight, weight gain, and feed intake. However, the average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were not affected (P>0.05) by the treatments. Cost total of weight gain, cost differential, revenue and gross margin were significantly different (P<0.05) across each dietary treatments. However, the cost total of feed consumed only showed significant differences among their means. Cost study showed that MOSM incorporation reduces production costs and increases profitability. Despite prior research on moringa seed impacts, this study concludes that the inclusion of MOSM up to 10% dietary level has no marginal effect on the performance of broiler finisher and its production cost was drastically reduced.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF RESVERATROL CO-ADMINISTRATION WITH CHOLESTEROL DIET ON BODY WEIGHT AND MALONDIALDEHYDE CONCENTRATION IN RABBITS
Authors: JIMOH A. , TANKO Y. , AHMED A. , MOHAMMED A. , AYO J. O.
Published: December 2024

The aim of the experiment was to investigate the protective effect of resveratrol on cholesterol diet- induced obesity and oxidative stress in rabbits. Thirty rabbits divided into six group of five animals (n = 5) each were used for the experiment: Group 1 = normal control (NC); group 2 = cholesterol diet (CHD) only: group 3 resveratrol, 200 mg/kg (R200); group 4 = resveratrol, 400 mg/kg (R400); group 5 CHD + R200; and group 6 CHD+ R400. After 4 weeks of treatment, the CHD group shows significant (P < 0.05) increase in weight of the animal compared to CHD group treated with resveratrol. At the last week of the treatment (8 weeks), the body weight in CHD group significant (P<0.05) increase to 1.71 ± 0.14 kg compared to that of CHD + R200 (1.09 ± 0.05 kg) and HFD + R400 (1.03 ± 0.03 kg). The MDA concentration obtained in the CHD group rabbits significant (P < 0.05) increase to 2.64 ± 0.18 nmol/L. compared to that of CHD + resveratrol groups (CHD+ R200 = 1.70 ± 0.14 nmol/L and CHD + R400 = 1.64±0.12 nmol/L). In conclusion, the body weight and MDA level obtained in the CHD group suggested that CHD induced oxidative stress in rabbits, which was mitigated by resveratrol administration.
NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES OF BROILER CHICKENS FED DIFFERENT INCLUSION LEVELS OF A SYNBIOTIC FEED ADDITIVE AS A REPLACEMENT FOR ANTIBIOTIC GROWTH PROMOTERS
Authors: Saleh I. , Bawa G. S. , Onimisi P. A. , Yunana Y. L.
Published: December 2024

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the response of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with a synbiotic feed additive, Poultrystar®, as replacement for antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). A total of 225, day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were allotted randomly to five dietary treatments each replicated thrice, with 15 chicks per replicate. Poultrystar® was included at 0, 40, 60 and 80g/100 kg diet for T1-T4, respectively while T5 had Oxytetracycline. Data was collected on digestibility and blood haematoligical indices. All data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and significant differences among treatment means were compared using the Dunnett test of significance. Values for PCV, Hb and WBC did not show differences (P>0.05) when the Poultrystar®-fed groups were compared to the control, but monocytes and eosinophils were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the 60 g/100kg fed group. The group of birds fed 60 g Poultrystar® had significantly (P<0.05) higher digestibility values in all the parameters compared to both oxytetracycline and control groups. Poultrystar significantly improved feed conversion in the starter and finisher phases and increased weight gain in the latter, similarly, it lowers feed cost and improves feed conversion ratio ultimately leading to more profit.
ORAL SUPPLEMENTAL VITAMIN C AND THREE ELECTROLYTES EFFECT ON CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS, CALCIUM AND PHOSPHOROUS COMPOSITION IN MEAT AND BONE OF BROILER CHICKEN
Authors: OGUNWOLE O. A.
Published: December 2024

Effect of supplementing broiler diets orally with vitamin C and three electrolytes was assessed using 240 one day Arbor acre broiler chicken strain. In a completely randomized design, birds were randomly allocated to five treatments each in quadruplicates of ten birds per replicate. The formulated experimental diets and water were given to birds ad libitum. In addition, the test electrolytes or vitamin C supplement was administered orally through water to respective birds throughout the duration of the experiment as follows: control without salt or electrolyte (TI), 5g/litre ammonium chloride (T2), 5g/litre sodium bicarbonate (T3), 5g/litre calcium chloride (T4), 3g/litre ascorbic acid (TS). All relative internal offal and carcass weights were similar (P>0.05) except in the eviscerated weight, wing, back and neck which varied significantly (P<0.05). Meat calcium (%) (0.067, 0.043, 0.078, 0.047 and 0.048 from broilers on T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively) varied significantly due to treatment. However, meat calcium as well as phosphorous compositions of both meat and the bone were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by the treatments. Conclusively, oral supplements of vitamin C and electrolytes neither alter the weights of carcass nor influence the meat and bone compositions appreciably. Further studies would be pertinent to ascertain the economy of ascorbic acid and/or electrolytes to broilers in stress.
EFFECT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF MEAL ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Nwose R. N. , Michael C. P. , Nkwocha G. A. , Adeolu A. I. , EZE J. C. R. , Nwenya J. M. I.
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on growth performance and serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens. A total number of seventy-two 1-day-old chicks were allotted to four experimental groups in a completely randomized design and fed graded levels (0, 5.0, 7.5, and 10%) of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) for eight weeks (56 days). The experimental groups which were designed as treatment T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively were further replicated three times with six birds per replicate so that each group has a total of 18 birds per replicate. Diet 1 which contained 0% MOLM served as the control, Diets 2, 3 and 4 contained 5.0, 7.5 and 10% MOLM respectively. Parameters determined were final live weight, average daily weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. At the end of the feeding trail, blood samples were collected from the birds of each replicate to evaluate the serum biochemical indices. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan new multiple Range Test. The results showed there was a significant (P< 0.05) in final weight, average weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. The serum total protein indicated higher values in birds fed diet 10% MOLM than others. The results of the serum biochemical indices shows that Moringa oleifera replace protein source (soybean) up to 7.5% in broiler diets without any adverse effects on growth performance.
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF HIGH-QUALITY CASSAVA PEEL MEAL ON CARCASS CUTS, AND MEAT QUALITY OF GROWING PIGS
Authors: Ojediran T. K. , Olayeni T. B. , Olorunlowu O. A. , Akinwumi O. A. , Olagoke O. C. , Ademola S. G. , Ojediran J. T. , Ajibulu J. O. , Onigbinde A. , Emiola I. A.
Published: December 2024

The use of alternative feedstuff seldomly considers effects on carcass and meat quality. The study aimed to assess the impact of high-quality cassava peel meal (HCPM) on carcass cuts and meat quality of growing pigs. Thirty (30) male growing pigs (Landrace × Large white) were randomly distributed to five groups with six (6) animals per group in a completely randomized design. HCPM was incorporated into the diet at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. The pigs fed 20% HCPM diets had higher carcass weight, resulting in an improved ham yield (p<0.05). The colour, flavour, tenderness, juiciness, texture, and overall acceptability were statistically superior (p<0.05) in the pigs fed diet 40%. HCPM diets enhanced the carcass weight and meat quality of growing pigs up to 40% inclusion translating to 100% replacement for maize.
PRELIMINARY STUDIES INVALIDATE AUTOMATED HAEMO-ANALYZER RESULTS OF AVIAN BLOOD
Authors: SINKALU V. O. , AYO J. O.
Published: December 2024

Experiments were performed with the aim of determining the complete blood cell count of broiler chickens reared on 24-h continuous lighting photoperiod regimens using an automated haemoanalyzer. Six Marshal broiler chickens, randomly selected from a flock of three hundred served as subjects. On the experimental day. 2 ml of blood was collected from the wing vein of each bird at 13:00 h into ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid bottle. The blood was analyzed immediately using automated electronic cell counter for haematocrit, haemoglobin, red blood count, mean cell volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, red cell distribution width, thrombocytes, mean thrombocyte volume, thrombocyte distribution width, thrombocyte large cell ratio, total and differential leucocyte counts with their percentages. The automated machine did not process 50 % of the samples for red cell distribution width. Also, 83.33 % of the samples for mean thrombocyte volume, thrombocyte distribution width and thrombocyte large cell ratio were not processed by the machine. It is concluded that results of broiler chicken blood analyzed using automated haemoanalyzer may be accepted, but should be interpreted with caution.
EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF COMMERCIAL FEED WITH SAND PAPER LEAF MEAL ON GROWTH PARAMETERS OF FINISHER BROILER CHICKEN
Authors: Mosobalaje M. A. , Oloko A. B. , Adeogun J. B. , Mustapha T. B. , Adeeaga S. L. , Raji M. O.
Published: December 2024

Due to antibiotic resistance, the use of antibiotics is being discouraged and alternatives to antibiotics collectively called phytogens are being explored which include sand paper leaves. Sand paper leaf meal was supplemented to the basal diet at 0, 10, 15 and 20g/kg, constituting the four experimental diets in this study. Diet supplemented with 0g/kg served as the control diet. Each of the treatments had three replicates of ten birds. Growth parameters assessed were initial weight, final weight, weight gain, average feed intake, feed conversion ratio and mortality. Results revealed that up to 20g/kg supplementation of sand paper meal in the diets of broiler finishers did not significantly affect (p>0.05) all the parameters considered. No mortality was recorded for all the treatments. Final weight range of 2.00 - 2.25kg/bird; weight gain of 0.78 – 1.02kg/bird and feed conversion ratio of 2.77 – 3.12 were obtained In CONCLUSION,, supplementation of finisher diets with sand paper leaves stabilized the growth performance of the fed broiler finishers as none of the birds died in the course of this trial.
REPLACEMENT VALUE OF CASHEW NUT WASTE AT GRADED LEVELS FOR MAIZE IN GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Obayemi I. M. , Apata D. F. , Salau R. O. , Ojo A.
Published: December 2024

The effects of replacing maize with cashew nut waste (CNW) at graded levels, on the growth and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens were investigated. CNW was incorporated into the broiler starter and then finisher diets that were used, at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of dietary maize on weight basis. One hundred and five (105) chicks were used for the experiment. They were randomly allocated into five (5) dietary treatments with three (3) replicates of 21 chicks each for a 42-day feeding trial. Results indicated that broilers chicks fed CNW at 25% had similar weight with that of control. The body weight gain and feed intake were significantly different (P < 0.05), 0 and 25% CNW had the highest feed intake, while 100% CNW had the lowest, significantly (P < 0.05). The weight of shank, back and breast were significantly different (P < 0.05), while those of thigh, neck, and wing were not. The results showed that CNW could be incorporated up to 25% in broiler chicken diets without adverse effect on growth performance and carcass characteristics.
DOUBLE-HEADED FOETAL MONSTER ASSOCIATED WITH DYSTOCIA IN A YANKASA EWE- A CASE REPORT
Authors: YUSUF A. , OMONTESE B. O. , GAMAWA A. A. , MOHAMMAD J. , WAZIRI I. J. , REKWOT P. I.
Published: December 2024

Congenital malformation of a foetus may occur in livestock during pregnancy, some of which are incompatible with life. The defects in embryonic and fetal development ultimately lead to production losses, which adversely affect livestock producer. Dystocia, due to a double-headed feotal monster in a four-year old Yankasa ewe, was relieved by caesarean section. The foetus was delivered dead. Dystocia was observed to result from the double-head presentation at the birth canal. Caesarean section was effective in only relieving the condition.
EFFECTS OF CHANGING FEED BRAND AND FREQUENCY OF FEEDING ON THE OVERALL PRODUCTIVITY OF LAYING HENS
Authors: Awojobi H. A. , Onabajo A. O.
Published: December 2024

Increasing cost of feed ingredients, seasonal availability and a host of other factors causes scarcity of proprietary poultry feeds. This forces farmers to change feed brands very often. This research work was carried out to evaluate effects of changing feed brand and frequency of feeding on the overall productivity of laying hens. Four hundred and eighty (480), 53 weeks old Isa Brown layers were used for the 8 weeks feeding trial. The birds were randomly allocated in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement to five feeding dynamics (D1 AC only; D2 TF only; D3 weekly alternation of TF & AC; D4 Alternation of TF & AC every two weeks; D5 Monthly alternation of TF & AC) and two feeding frequencies (Twice & Thrice daily feeding).The results showed that feed intake, egg production and feed conversion efficiency were not significantly (P >0.05) affected. From the findings of this research, changing feed brands in the short, medium and long term as well as feeding twice or thrice daily did not affect production performance.