bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MENTAL EMOTIONAL DISORDERS IN INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS PATIENTS
Authors: Ramadani Fajar Gemilang , Perdana Noor Riza , Hasdi Anidiah Novy , Fakhrina Dina Aulia
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Interstitial cystitis is a chronic pain condition with unclear underlying etiology. Interstitial cystitis has a relation with psychological disorders. There has been an increase in visit patients diagnosed with interstitial cystitis at the urology clinic at Dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Hospital since October 2020. The objectives of this study are to compare mental emotional disorder events in interstitial cystitis patients and control subjects and to determine the relationship between interstitial cystitis and the incidence of mental emotional disorders. included 62 subjects, classified into 2 groups, namely: patients diagnosed with interstitial cystitis based on medical records data at the Urology Clinic, Dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Hospital, and control subjects who had never been diagnosed with interstitial cystitis and had no symptoms and complaints of interstitial cystitis. Both groups completed the Self Reporting Questionnaire SRQ-20 to assess the presence of mental emotional disorders. The incidence of mental emotional disorders in interstitial cystitis patients and controls were compared, and the odds ratios (OR) for the presence of a mental emotional disorder were determined. A total of 32 patients with interstitial cystitis and 30 controls were included in this study. There were 14 interstitial cystitis patients and 4 control subjects who had mental emotional disorders, respectively, and the difference was significant (p = 0.008). Patients with interstitial cystitis were 5 times more at risk of experiencing mental emotional disorders than the control group (OR = 5,056). Patients with interstitial cystitis have a significantly higher risk of experiencing mental emotional disorders compared to those without interstitial cystitis. Screening might be beneficial to assess their mental emotional health. It may be necessary to collaborate with a psychiatrist to treat these patients holistically.Keywords: Interstitial cystitis; Mental emosional disorder
COST OF ILLNESS FOR CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE TREATMENT WITH HEMODIALYSIS IN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Hadning Ingenida , Wirakarsa Muhammad Heyqal , Tandah Muhamad Rinaldhi Tandah
Published: March 2022

Abstract: The increase in the number of chronic kidney disease (CKD) sufferers and the expensive financing of this disease, the economic burden borne will certainly increase. This study aimed to determine the cost of illness of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis, as well as to find out the comparison of real costs with INA-CBG’s rates. This was a pharmacoeconomic research, used the cost of illness method according to a societal perspective. The study was conducted in a type B government hospitals in Yogyakarta from January to March 2020. The population in this study were all CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis in need to mention the hospital at first. The research instruments were medical records, hospital financial data, and patient interviews. The complete data were analyzed statistically with the descriptive method and the Mann Whitney test. The number of samples was 65 patients. The results revealed the average cost of illness was 6,224,277.00 IDR for one month of treatment. The cost component that dominates was hemodialysis rate. The average real cost was 836,686 IDR for one procedure. It can be concluded that the average real cost of CKD patients with hemodialysis in the type B government hospital were significantly smaller than the INA-CBG’s rate.Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease; Hemodialysis; Cost Of Illness; INA-CBG’s Rate
FLEXIBILITY RESTORATION OF ARTICULATIO METACARPOPHALANGEAL 1 IN CADAVER PRESERVED BY FORMALIN WITH ACETIC ACID EXPOSURE
Authors: Fitri Fitri , Riliani Marisa , Syam Edward
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Cadaver rigidity due to formalin preservation often intricates students' understanding in anatomical learning. Various solutions have been trial, but there were no satisfactory results. In this study, acetic acid solution was used to restore the motion flexibility motion of small joint in the hand. Investigated the difference in motion angle of articulatio metacarpophalangeal 1 after being given acetic acid in cadaver post formalin preservation. A pair of cadaver hands conserved by formalin from the same body, were exposed to 5% acetic acid for 4 months. Angular measurements performed on flexion and extension before and after exposure. The flexibility of metacarpophalangeal joints 1 increased in the form of angular reduction in flexion movement (22.8° reduced, p<0.05) and the addition of angle to the extension movement (9.85° increased, p<0.05). Administration of acetic acid for 4 months may increase the motion flexibility of small joint like articulatio metacarpophalangeal 1 in cadaver post-formalin preservation. This result may help students to have better anatomical understanding in cadaver at anatomy laboratory. Keywords: Acetic acid; Articulatio metacarpophalangeal 1; Cadaver; Flexibility; Restoration
On the Emergence of Spacetime and Matter from Model Sets
Authors: Amaral Marcelo , Fang Fang , Aschheim Raymond , Irwin Klee
Published: March 2022

We consider partition functions, in the form of state sums, and associated probabilistic measures for aperiodic substrates described by model sets and their associated tiling spaces. We propose model set tiling spaces as microscopic models for small scales in the context of quantum gravity. Model sets possess special self-similarity properties that allow us to consider implications on large and observable scales from the underlying (non-ergodic) dynamics. In particular we consider the implication of the underlying aperiodic substrate for the well known problem of time in quantum gravity, and propose a correspondence between small and large scales, the so-called ergodic correspondence, that addresses the emergence of matter properties and spacetime structure. In the process we find a possible bound in the mass spectrum of fundamental particles.
Experimental Combustion and Emissions Evaluation of Ternary Mixtures of Diesel-Biodiesel-Ethanol in a CFR-ASTM Engine
Authors: Machado Rodrigo R. , Pinto Nauberto R. , Colaço Marcelo J. , Leiroz Albino J. K.
Published: March 2022

The present work presents and discusses experimental performance and gaseous emission results of the use of ternary mixtures of diesel oil, biodiesel and ethanol in an ASTM-CFR engine. Eight different mixtures with biodiesel content equal to 8%, 20% and 60%, and ethanol content equal to 0%, 5% and 8% were analyzed. After the selection and preparation of the mixtures, the determination of the cetane number for each one was performed following the ASTM D613 standard. After cetane number evaluation, two off-standard operating conditions were selected, and performance and emissions were obtained. A thermodynamic analysis and a Bayesian inverse approach were applied and physical quantities of interest, such as indicated work, maximum pressure, rate of heat released by the fuel, ignition delay, and combustion duration, were obtained. In-cylinder pressure data were obtained through an AVL Indicating system installed in the ASTM-CFR engine. The heating values of each mixture were determined using a bomb calorimeter and thermal and indicated efficiencies were evaluated based on the total heat released by the fuel and the indicated work. Finally, a gaseous emissions analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of the blend compositions, as well as of their cetane numbers, on the formation of NOx, CO and CO2.
Towards Clinical Practice: Design and Implementation of Convolutional Neural Network-Based Assistive Diagnosis System for COVID-19 Case Detection from Chest X-Ray Images
Authors: Kvak Daniel , Bendik Marian , Chromcova Anna
Published: March 2022

One of the critical tools for early detection and subsequent evaluation of the incidence of lung diseases is chest radiography. This study presents a real-world implementation of a convolutional neural network (CNN) based Carebot Covid app to detect COVID-19 from chest X-ray (CXR) images. Our proposed model takes the form of a simple and intuitive application. Used CNN can be deployed as a STOW-RS prediction endpoint for direct implementation into DICOM viewers. The results of this study show that the deep learning model based on DenseNet and ResNet architecture can detect SARS-CoV-2 from CXR images with precision of 0.981, recall of 0.962 and AP of 0.993.
Analysis of the Potential Ompact of Climate Change on Climatic Droughts, Snow Dynamics and the Correlation between Them
Authors: Hidalgo Hidalgo Jose David , Collados Lara Antonio Juan , Pulido Velazquez David , Rueda Valdivia Francisco Jose , Pardo Igúzquiza Eulogio
Published: March 2022

Climate change is expected to increase the occurrence of droughts with the hydrology in alpine systems being largely determined by snow dynamics. In this paper we propose a methodology to assess the impact of climate change on both meteorological and hydrological droughts taking into account the dynamics of the snow cover area (SCA). We will also analyse the correlation between these types of droughts. We have generated ensembles of local climate scenarios based on regional climate models (RCMs) representative of potential future conditions. We have considered several sources of uncertainty: different historical climate databases, simulations obtained with several RCMs, and some statistical downscaling techniques. We then used a stochastic weather generator (SWG) to generate multiple climatic series preserving the characteristics of the ensemble scenario. These were simulated within a cellular automata (CA) model to generate multiple SCA future series. They were used to calculate multiple series of meteorological drought indices, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)) and a novel hydrological drought index (Standardized Snow Cover Index (SSCI)). A linear correlation analysis was applied to both types of drought to analyse how they propagate and the time delay between them. We applied the proposed methodology to the Sierra Nevada (southern Spain) where we estimated a general increase in meteorological and hydrological drought magnitude and duration for the horizon 2071-2100 under the RCP 8.5 emission scenario. The SCA droughts also revealed a significant increase in drought intensity. The meteorological drought propagation to SCA droughts is reflected in an immediate or short time (1 month), obtaining significant correlations in lower accumulation periods of drought indices (3 and 6 months). This will allow us to obtain information about meteorological drought from SCA deficits and vice versa.
Advances in Non-invasive Biosensing Measures to Monitor Wound Healing Progression
Authors: Short Walker , Olutoye Oluyinka , Padon Benjamin , Parikh Umang , Colchado Daniel , Vangapandu Hima , Shams Shayan , Chi Taiyun , Jung Jangwook , Balaji Swathi
Published: March 2022

Impaired wound healing is a significant financial and medical burden. The synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in a new wound is a dynamic process that is constantly changing and adapting to the biochemical and biomechanical signaling from the extracellular microenvironments of the wound. This drives either a regenerative or fibrotic and scar-forming healing outcome. Disruptions in ECM deposition, structure, and composition lead to impaired healing in diseased states, such as in diabetes. Valid measures of the principal determinants of successful ECM deposition include bacterial contamination, tissue perfusion, and mechanical injury and strain. These measures are used by wound-care providers to intervene upon the healing wound to steer healing toward a more functional phenotype with improved structural integrity and healing outcomes and to prevent adverse wound developments.In this review, we discuss bioengineering advances in non-invasive detection of biologic and physiologic factors of the healing wound, visualizing and modeling the ECM, and computational tools to efficiently evaluate the complex data acquired from the wounds to prognosticate healing outcomes and intervene effectively. We focus on bioelectronics and biologic interfaces of the sensors and actuators for real time biosensing and actuation. We also discuss high-resolution, advanced imaging techniques, which go beyond traditional confocal and fluorescence microscopy to visualize microscopic details of the composition of the matrix, linearity of collagen, and live tracking of components within the ECM. Computational modeling of the matrix, including partial differential equation datasets as well as machine learning models that can serve as powerful tools for physicians to guide their decision-making process are discussed.
The Effect of Intratumoral Interrelation among FOXP3+ Regulatory T cells on Treatment Response and Survival in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Goda Noriko , Nakashima Chika , Nagamine Ichiro , Otagaki Sunao
Published: March 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by an active immune response. We evalu-ated intratumoral interrelation between FOXP3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and other cy-tokines in TNBC. Network analysis refined cytokines significantly correlate with FOPX3 in TNBC. Treatment response and prognosis imformation of patients and survival data from the TGCA and METABRIC databases were analyzed according to refined cytokines. Interleukin (IL)-33 was sig-nificantly expressed by TNBC cell lines than luminal cell lines (log2 fold change: 5.31, p <0.001) and IL-33 and TGFB2 showed a strong correlation with FOXP3 in the TNBC cell line. Immunohisto-chemistry demonstrated IL-33 high group was a significant predictor of complete response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (odds ratio (OR) 4.12, p<0.05) and a favorable survival compared to IL-33 low group (OR 6.48, p<0.05) in TNBC. Survival data from TGCA and METABRIC revealed that FOXP3 was a significantly favorable marker in IL-33 high group com-pared to the low IL-33 low group (hazard ratio (HR) 2.1, p=0.02), and IL-33 high/TGFB2 high subgroup showed significant favorable prognosis in the FOXP3 high group compared to the FOPX3 low group in TNBC (HR 3.5, p=0.01). IL-33 and TGFB2 were key cytokines of intratumoral interrelation among FOXP3 in TNBC.
The Role of Moral Distress on Physician Burnout during COVID-19
Authors: Powell Caitlin A. J. , Butler John P.
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to explore the role of moral distress on physician burnout during COVID-19. Physicians in the US were interviewed between February and March 2021; 479 responded to our survey. Results indicated that moral distress was a key mediator in explaining the relationship between perceived organizational support, medical specialization, emotional labor, and coping on burnout. There was no support for increased burnout among female physicians, and contracting COVID-19 likewise did not play a role in burnout. Our findings suggest that physician burnout can be mitigated by increasing perceived organizational support; likewise, physicians who engaged in deep emotional labor and problem-focused coping tended to fare better when it came to feelings of moral distress and subsequent burnout.
Acute Heart Failure, 90-day Mortality—and Gravitational Ischemia in the Brain
Authors: Jaster J. Howard , Ottaviani Giulia
Published: March 2022

During the 90 days following hospitalization for acute heart failure, ejection fraction and type of discharge medications have been shown in clinical trials to have little effect on mortality. We examined the recent literature addressing brain-related etiologies of sudden death following heart failure. Two mechanisms of sudden unexpected death have been suggested to possibly result from 4 significant influences on pathophysiology in the brain. The two causes of death are severe cardiac arrhythmia, and neurogenic pulmonary edema. They are both mediated through the brainstem autonomic nuclei generally, and executed specifically through the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. The four significant influences on pathophysiology in the brainstem autonomic nuclei are: 1) Hyper-stimulation of neurons in the solitary tract nucleus, increasing their metabolic requirements; 2) Inadequate blood flow at a vascular watershed terminus; 3) Additionally decreased blood flow following vasoconstriction related to relative hyperventilation and decreased pCO2 levels; 4) Gravitational ischemia in the brain—caused by the weight of the brain mass sitting above the brainstem. Changes in head tilt release gravitational ischemia in the brain. There is no specific head position (relative to gravity) that is considered favorable or unfavorable for an extended period of time (i.e. more than 24 hours). Even a small degree of head elevation, used in managing pulmonary congestion, may increase gravitational ischemia in the posterior fossa and brainstem. In this paper we suggest a new and important research avenue for intervening in cardiac arrhythmias, and preventing their occurrence, through the non-invasive use of head-tilting, and other head repositioning maneuvers. This could potentially help many geriatric patients with heart failure, who have decreased mobility in bed, and who tend to stay in one position longer, thereby increasing gravitational ischemia in the brain.
Longitudinal Survey of Coronavirus Circulation and Diversity in Insectivorous Bat Colonies in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chidoti Vimbiso , De Nys Helene , Pinarello Valerie , Mashura Getrude , Misse Dorothee , Guerrini Laure , Pfukenyi Davies , Cappelle Julien , Chiweshe Ngoni , Ayouba Ahidjo , Matope Gift , Peeters Martine , Gori Elizabeth , Bourgarel Mathieu , Liegeois Florian
Published: March 2022

Background: Studies have linked bats to outbreaks in human populations such as SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV and the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Method: We carried out a longitudinal survey from August 2020 to July 2021 at two sites in Zimbabwe with bat-human interactions: Magweto cave and Chirundu farm. A total 1732 and 1866 individual bat faecal samples were collected respectively. Coronaviruses and bat species were amplified using PCR systems respectively. Results: Analysis of the coronavirus sequences revealed a high genetic diversity and we identified different sub-viral groups in the Alphacoronavirus and Betacoronavirus genus. The established sub-viral groups fell within the described Alphacoronavirus sub-genera: Decacovirus, Duvinacovirus, Rhinacovirus, Setracovirus and Minunacovirus and for Betacoronavirus sub-genera: Sarbecoviruses, Merbecovirus and Hibecovirus. Our results showed an overall proportion for CoV positive PCR tests of 23.7% at Chirundu site, 16.5% and 38.9% at Magweto site for small insectivorous bats and Macronycteris gigas respectively. Conclusion: The higher risk of bat coronaviruses exposure for humans ranged from December to March in relation to higher viral shedding peaks of coronaviruses in the parturition, lactation and weaning months of the bat populations at both sites. We also highlight the need to further document viral infectious risk in human/domestic animal populations surrounding bat habitats in Zimbabwe.
Chitosan Scaffolds for Cardiac Tissue Engineering
Authors: Roacho-Pérez Jorge A. , Garza-Treviño Elsa N. , Moncada-Saucedo Nidia K. , Carriquiry-Chequer Pablo A. , Valencia-Gómez Laura E. , Matthews E. Renee , Gómez-Flores Víctor , Simental-Mendía Mario , Delgado-Gonzalez Paulina , Delgado-Gallegos Juan Luis , Padilla-Rivas Gerardo R. , Islas Jose Francisco
Published: March 2022

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases complication can give rise to myocardial infarction which produces cell death by blockage of blood flow, leading to loss of heart function. Current treatments directed at heart repair have several disadvantages such as the lack of donors for heart transplantation or the use of non-bioactive inert materials for replacement of the damage tissue. New treatment strategies involve stimulation of heart tissue regeneration with the use of bioactive materials like chitosan, in combination with cells and biochemical factors. Chitosan scaffolds have the necessary proprieties of biocompatibility, porosity, and biodegradation, that imitates the heart extracellular matrix. Chitosan scaffolds physical proprieties, such as electrical conductivity and mechanical proprieties, can be improved by different preparation techniques and by the functionalization with other materials.
A Monolithic Eulerian Formulation for non-Classical Fluid-Structure Interaction (nCFSI): Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Hussain Nazim , Khan Muhammad Sabeel , Liu Lisheng
Published: March 2022

In this paper a new monolithic Eulerian formulation in the framework of non-classical continuum is presented for the analysis of fluid-strucutre interaction problems. In this respect, Cosserat continuum theory taking into account the micro-rotational degrees of freedom of the particles is considered. Continuum description of the model and variational formulation of the governing flow dynamics for non-classical -fluid-structure interaction nCFSI is presented. The model is analyzed by computing a well known benchmark problem by Hecht and Pironneau [16]. The algorithmic description is presented and implemented using FreeFEM++. Code is validated with the benchmark solution of Turek and Hron [38] in case of flow around a flag attached with cylinder. New microstructral behavior of the solution is studied and numerical simulations and results are shown in the form of figures. Some interesting feature of the flow is observed and microstructural characteristics are discussed.
Enhancing Resilience Regarding Depression, Anxiety and COVID-19 with a Narrative Method of Ordering Memory Effective in Researchers Experiencing Burnout
Authors: Nash Carol
Published: March 2022

Depression and anxiety are prevalent, persistent and difficult to treat industrialized world mental health problems. These disorders negatively modify an individual’s life perspective through brain function imbalances, notably in the amygdala and hippocampus, and are primarily treated with pharmaceuticals and psychotherapy. Nevertheless, these mental health issues have only increased in the number of individuals affected and the intensity of their suffering—especially as a result of COVID-19 restrictions and fears. An approach to alleviating depression and anxiety in relation to researchers self-identifying as experiencing burnout is promising. Enhancing resilience, the approach considers depression and anxiety as consequences of the particular method people adopt in ordering their memories, and focuses on narrative development. The method encourages accepting of different perspectives as unique and necessary in creating safe protection from research burnout. Moving from an identification of personal character to prompting plot development of memory, the method promotes resilience by encouraging thoughtful reconsideration of the negative assessments by participants of their circumstances that can lead to depression and anxiety. The method of ordering and group members’ feedback are inspected, including during the period of COVID-19 restrictions, and conclusions are offered regarding further research to encourage burnout resilience to diminish depression and anxiety.
Prevalence of E-Cigarette Use and Its Associated Factors Among Youths Aged 12 to 16 Years in 68 Countries and Territories: Global Youth Tobacco Survey, 2012‒2019
Authors: Sun Jiahong , Xi Bo , Ma Chuanwei , Zhao Min , Bovet Pascal
Published: March 2022

Objectives. To describe the recent global prevalence of e-cigarette use and to investigate its associated factors among youths aged 12 to 16 years in 68 countries and territories (hereafter “countries”).

Methods. We analyzed 485 746 youths aged 12 to 16 years from the population-based cross-sectional Global Youth Tobacco Survey conducted in 67 countries between 2012 and 2019 and the 2019 National Youth Tobacco Survey in the United States. We defined past-30-day e-cigarette use as using e-cigarettes on 1 or more days during the past 30 days.

Results. The global prevalence of past-30-day e-cigarette use among youths was 9.2%, ranging from 1.9% in Kazakhstan to 33.2% in Guam. Maternal smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29, 1.52), paternal smoking (AOR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.07, 1.19), secondhand smoke exposure (AOR = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.64, 1.84), youth cigarette smoking (AOR = 7.18; 95% CI = 6.84, 7.54), and youth other tobacco use (AOR = 3.88; 95% CI = 3.62, 4.15) were positively associated with e-cigarette use.

Conclusions. E-cigarette use was moderately frequent among youths aged 12 to 16 years globally. Several important factors were associated with youth e-cigarette use.

Public Health Implications. Our findings highlight the need for countries worldwide to develop policies to address e-cigarette use among youths. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(4):650–661. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306686 )
Double Level Osteotomy in an Overcorrected Distal Femoral Varisation Osteotomy
Authors: N Nizaj , N Sukesh A. , Jacob Bobby , George Bibu , Kandathil Julio C. , Theruvil Bipin
Published: March 2022

Case:

We report a patient who was diagnosed with idiopathic genu valgum at the age of 11 years and underwent bilateral distal femur osteotomies. At age 30 years, she presented with pain around her right knee with a varus deformity. Although the corrective osteotomy was at the distal femur, she was noticed to have a bifocal deformity in both femur and tibia. She was managed with single-stage osteotomies at the distal femur and proximal tibia.

Conclusion:

This case report highlights the importance of preoperative analysis to identify the site of deformity. In bifocal pathology, a 2-level osteotomy is required to prevent an oblique joint line.
Presentation: Digital innovation in education. Innovación digital en educación.
Authors: Gutiérrez-Castillo Juan Jesús
Published: March 2022

De sobra es conocido por todos, que el ya no tan nuevo siglo XXI comenzaba con desafíos para las instituciones educativas, derivados, entre otros aspectos, por el uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación. Investigaciones llevadas a cabo por autores como Schröder y Krüger (2019) señalan, que los cambios derivados por la innovación educativa y la transformación, que se están produciendo en este momento en el terreno educativo, son muy superiores a las producidos en cualquier otro momento de la historia.
Presentación: Estudios bibliométricos y TIC
Authors: Vega-Gea Esther
Published: March 2022

En la actualidad, existe un creciente número de investigaciones sobre laimportancia que tienen las TIC en el ámbito educativo y social. Este progresivointerés ha generado un amplio volumen de trabajos científicos con diferentesmetodologías y resultados, siendo en muchos casos contrapuestos loshallazgos obtenidos entre los diferentes estudios. En este sentido, las revisionessistemáticas, metaanálisis o estudios bibliométricos permiten a losinvestigadores recopilar y sintetizar los datos alcanzados en los diferentestrabajos a través una metodología rigurosa y explicita en la que se asegura lacalidad de las evidencias a través de una evaluación crítica. De esta forma,este análisis sistemático permite sacar conclusiones de un amplio número detrabajos secundarios, y por lo tanto con un mayor número de muestra, lo quehace que los resultados sean más generalizables y basados en la evidenciacientífica.
Analfabetismo tecnológico de estudiantes universitarios de origen étnico en México
Authors: Guzmán Games Francisco Javier , Velázquez Albo Marco Antonio
Published: March 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es compartir los resultados de una investigación educativa que midió la alfabetización tecnológica de un grupo de estudiantes matriculados en la Universidad Intercultural del Estado de Puebla, instalada en la Sierra Norte de Puebla, México. Una muestra de 278 de sus escolares "indígenas" y mestizos respondió el cuestionario "Percepción y uso de las TIC". Esta cantidad representa casi un tercio (32.51%) de la población total inscrita en el segundo semestre de 2018. Los resultados revelan que los individuos encuestados presentan un cierto grado de analfabetismo tecnológico debido a su incipiente educación en informática.
Penentuan Interval Pemberian Air Tanaman Bawang Putih berdasarkan Nilai Evapotranspirasi (Determination of Interval Garlic Irrigation based on Evapotranspiration Value)
Authors: Harmanto NFN , Cartika Ika , Basuki Rofik Sinung , Efendi Agnofi Merdeka , Gunadi Nikardi
Published: March 2022

Kebutuhan air tanaman dapat ditentukan berdasarkan nilai evapotranspirasi. Bawang putih untuk bisa tumbuh optimal memerlukan kebutuhan air yang cukup, baik dari segi volume ataupun ketepatan waktu pemberian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari waktu atau interval pemberian air yang tepat pada tanaman bawang putih agar mencapai pertumbuhan dan produksi yang optimal. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai September 2020 bertempat di IP2TP Margahayu Lembang, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan, yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan enam perlakuan dan diulang empat kali. Perlakuan terdiri atas pemberian air berdasarkan nilai evapotranspirasi dengan interval penyiraman : (a) 2 hari sekali, (b) 3 hari sekali, (c) 4 hari sekali, (d) 5 hari sekali, (e) 6 hari sekali, serta (f) perlakuan kontrol, yaitu pemberian air cara petani tidak berdasarkan nilai evapotranspirasi, diberikan setiap 2 hari sekali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interval pemberian air 2, 3, dan 4 hari sekali berdasarkan nilai evapotranspirasi memberikan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, bobot kering brangkasan, bobot umbi segar dan kering, diameter umbi, dan panjang siung lebih tinggi dibanding perlakuan kontrol. Penyiraman 4 hari sekali dapat dilakukan pada budidaya bawang putih untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil serta efisiensi tenaga, waktu, dan biaya.

Keywords

Bawang putih; Evapotranspirasi; Interval irigasi; Irigasi tanaman

Abstract

Plant water requirements can be determined based on the evapotranspiration value. To be able to grow optimally, garlic requires sufficient water needs both in terms of volume and the timing of irrigation. The study was aimed at obtain the right time or frequency of water application to garlic plants in order to achieve optimal growth and production. The research was conducted from May to September 2020 at IP2TP Margahayu Lembang Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute. The research design used was a Randomized Block Design with six treatments and four replications. The treatment consisted of giving water based on the evapotranspiration value with watering intervals : (a) 2 days, (b) 3 days, (c) 4 days, (d) 5 days, (e) 6 days, and (f) control treatment, namely giving water by farmers not based on the value of evapotranspiration, given every 2 days. The results showed that the interval of giving water 2, 3, and 4 days based on the evapotranspiration value gave the plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, stover dry weight, fresh and dry tuber weight, tuber diameter and clove length higher than the control treatment. Irrigation every 4 days can be done on garlic cultivation to increase the growth and yield as well as the efficiency ofenergy, time, and cost.
Assessment of Geohazards along Highways Based on the Weights of Evidence and GIS: A Case Study in Guangxi Province, China
Authors: Zhao Yue , Yang Hongzhi , Yin Lixiang , Li Junnan
Published: March 2022

Geological disasters damage highways and disrupt traffic, which reduces the service level of roads. We collected 15,435 geohazards in Guangxi Province. The geohazards within 1km of the highway buffer were selected to study its spatial distribution characteristics and risk assessment methods. Geohazard intensity index and sensitivity index are proposed to establish the highway geohazards assessment model. Based on the weights of evidence (WOE) method, the influencing factors of the sensitivity index and the weight of each factor are obtained. By analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics of geohazards, collapses, landslides, ground collapse and unstable slopes are identified as major geohazards along the highway. Based on the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic methods, the hotspot map of four disasters was drawn, and the intensity index along the highway was calculated. The relationship between slope, aspect, topographic relief, annual average rainfall, land use, lithology type and geohazards was analyzed. The sensitivity index was calculated using the WOE method. The intensity index and the sensitivity index were superimposed to obtain the geohazard index, and the geohazard risk of the highway is divided into five levels. The model accuracy-test based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve shows that Area Under Curve (AUC) equals 0.71, indicating high reliability for the risk assessment.
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ameliorates lupus nephritis through inhibiting NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways in MRL/lpr mice
Authors: Li Xuewei , liu jie , Zhao Yingzhe , Xu Ning , Lv E , ci chunzeng , Li Xiangling
Published: March 2022

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common and serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).However,the etiology and pathogenesis of LN remain unknown. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25-(OH)2-VitD3)is the active form of vitamin D, which has been known to have important functions in inflammation and immune diseases. In this study, its protective effects and underlying mechanism with time were investigated in MRL/lpr mice, a well-studied animal model for lupus. Briefly, MRL/lpr mice were randomly divided into VitD3-treated group and control group. Both groups were treated for 3 weeks. Then at four time points after treatment, the skin lesions, histological changes, inflammatory factors and immunological examinations with time were analyzed between the groups. Furthermore, the NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways with time were also detected to explicate the underlying mechanism. Compared to the control group, mice in the VitD3-treated group showed less skin lesions, less kidney injury, lower serum anti-ds DNA antibody, lower inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-17 and higher serum complement C3; they also had less deposition of IgG, IgM and C3 within glomeruli. Moreover, the expressions of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways were decreased, while those levels were increased with time. This study shows that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 exerts a protective effect against lupus nephritis via inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and regulating the NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways, which will be developed as a potential agent for the treatment of lupus nephritis. And the relationship between lupus activity and NF-kB and MAPKs signaling pathways over time was revealed.
Investigation on strong vertical permeability and micro-pore characteristics of Jinan red clay using X-ray micro-tomography
Authors: Cai Hao , Zhang Qi , Ye Guanlin , Lu Linhai , Wu Chaojun , Ji Fang
Published: March 2022

Due to the peculiarity of the spring domain strata in Jinan, the phenomenon of serious water seepage appears in the process of excavation. The macro permeability of soil is closely correlated with its microstructure. In this study, by using the X-ray micro-tomography (micro-CT) system and a self-designed soil seepage device, the internal pore structure of Jinan red clay and the water flow inside the sample under different seepage stages were observed. The microstructure of water phase and air phase in the sample was segmented by the watershed algorithm. Calculation and comparison of pore and throat size distributions at different seepage stages were conducted by establishing Pore Network Model (PNM). Meanwhile, the seepage experiment simulations were conducted based on the 3D pore structure of red clay. The results show that the preferentially flow of Jinan red clay is obvious due to the existence of the vertically developed macropore channel. The fine particles (mainly silt particles) are washed away during seepage, thereby expanding the pore channels. The maximum pore radius and pore connectivity have important influence on seepage characteristics of Jinan red clay, but the correlation between porosity is small.
The autophagy inducer SMER28 attenuates microtubule dynamics mediating neuroprotection
Authors: Kirchenwitz Marco , Stahnke Stephanie , Melcher Lars , Ham Marco van , Rottner Klemens , Steffen Anika , Stradal Theresia E.B.
Published: March 2022

SMER28 was originally identified in a screen for small-molecules that act as modulators of autophagy. SMER28 enhanced the clearance of autophagic substrates such as mutant huntingtin, an effect that was independent of rapamycin-induced autophagy. Thus, SMER 28 was established as a positive regulator of autophagy acting independently of the mTOR pathway, increasing autophagosome biosynthesis and attenuating mutant huntingtin-fragment toxicity in cellular- and fruit fly Huntington’s disease models, suggesting therapeutic potential. Despite a wealth of previous studies, molecular mechanisms mediating SMER28 activities and its direct targets have remained elusive. Here we analyzed the effects of SMER28 on cells and found that it not only induces autophagy, but also significantly stabilizes microtubules and decelerates microtubule dynamics. Moreover, we report that SMER28 displays neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects at the cellular level by inducing neurite outgrowth and by protecting from excitotoxin-induced axon degeneration. Finally, we compare the effects of SMER28 with other autophagy-inducing or microtubule-stabilizing drugs: Whereas SMER28 and rapamycin both induce autophagy, the latter does not stabilize microtubules, and whereas both SMER28 and epothilone B stabilize microtubules, epothilone does not provoke increased autophagy. Thus, the effect of SMER28 on cells in general and neurons in particular is based on its unique spectrum of bioactivities distinct from other known microtubule-stabilizing or autophagy-inducing drugs.
TSH and Serotonin Sensitivity Is Important in the Development of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Parlak Omer , Erdogan Fazli , Donmez Mustafa , Yalcin Abdussamed
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common and deadly disease. The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor (TSHR) is expressed at high levels in thyroid follicular cells. Serotonin is the key neurotransmitter in the brain-gut axis. It contributes to the development of various cancers, including breast, liver, pancreatic, and colon cancers.The aim of this study was to investigate TSH and serotonin sensitivity in colorectal cancer development.PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this study, we used tumor biopsy tissues of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer in terms of immunohistochemistry. The preparations were applied with AntiTSH and AntiSerotonin (5-HT or 5-hydroxytryptamine) antibody and examined microscopically. RESULTS: Dense stromal accumulation was detected in 80 serotonin negative preparations. Serotonin receptor was negative in 100 preparations in normal tissue. Serotonin receptor was found positive in 14 preparations in the tumor part (P value = 0.000). When these preparations are examined in terms of TSH receptor; It was positive in 12 preparations in normal tissue and negative in 88 preparations. In tumor tissue, TSH was positive in 26 preparations and negative in 74 preparations CONCLUSIONS: In our study, we found that the serotonin receptor in the colon and rectum tissue was significantly decreased in patients with colorectal cancer. In our study, a high rate of TSH receptor deficiency was found in patients with colorectal cancer, and studies on this subject support our findings that the risk of colorectal cancer is increased in hypo and hyperthyroidism. Comprehensive studies are needed to support this.
Patient-caregiver dyads in pancreatic cancer: Identification of patient and caregiver factors associated with caregiver well-being
Authors: Xia Brent Taiting , Otto Amy K. , Allenson Kelvin , Kocab Maria , Fan Wenyi , Mo Qianxing , Denbo Jason W. , Malafa Mokenge P. , Permuth Jennifer B. , Kim Dae Won , Fleming Jason B. , Reblin Maija , Hodul Pamela J.
Published: March 2022

Background: There is a paucity of studies that address the stressors and associated risk factors amongst pancreatic cancer patients and their caregivers. We aimed to examine the psychosocial well-being in the patient-caregiver dyad, and to determine pancreas cancer patient and caregiver characteristics that predict caregiver distress.Methods: Demographics and caregiving characteristics were gathered from patient and patient-caregiver dyads. Primary caregivers completed validated instruments investigating anxiety, depression, perceived stress and caregiver burden. Both caregivers and patients completed the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare categorical variables. Continuous variables per group were reported as mean (standard deviation). Demographics, patient and caregiving characteristics were analyzed as predictors of caregiver distress using t-tests, Kruskal-Wallis, and regression analyses.Results: A total of 128 patient-caregiver dyads were enrolled over a period of eleven consecutive months. Patient and caregiver distress scores were not affected by patient clinical disease burden. Patient distress was a significant predictor of caregiver distress, anxiety, depression, and perceived caregiver burden. Younger caregiver age was also associated with higher caregiver anxiety and perceived burden. Additional predictors of caregiver depression and perceived stress included number of “other” caregiving activities (e.g., provision of emotional support, decision-making support) and overall health status.Conclusion: We identified particular patient and caregiver variables which negatively impact the well-being of pancreatic cancer caregivers. Future efforts should focus on development and implementation of more comprehensive caregiver support programs for those at highest risk for psychosocial distress.
Cardiovascular diseases risk perception and communication among urban and rural residents in Ethiopia: A qualitative study
Authors: Getachew Hailemichael , Girma Eshetu , Tamerat Woinab , Mamuye Admasu Tenna , Kedir Kiya , Zeleke Meaza , Howe Rawleigh , Delobelle Peter , Murphy Katherine , Levitt Naomi , Okop Kufre
Published: March 2022

Background: The rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) burden, particularly, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Ethiopia is driven by rapid urbanization, globalization, urban poverty, a shift in diet and physical inactivity. To tackle this, adoption of appropriate lifestyle and behaviour modifications are required. Such behavioural adoption in turn demands appropriate knowledge about the risk factors, and a reasonably perception of threat of CVDs. Objective: To explore CVDs risk perception, communication, and health seeking intentions of residents of rural and urban communities in Ethiopia.Methods: We conducted four focus group discussions (FGDs) and semi-structured risk communication interviews with residents of two communities (urban and rural) in Ethiopia. Two FGDs were conducted in each of the rural and urban communities with separate groups for men and women. The FGD participants were purposively selected with the help of local health extension workers. The FGDs were facilitated by a trained public health researcher, using a FGD guide, and risk communication cue cards. The textual data was analyzed using thematic analysis approach. Results: In general, awareness of CVDs and conceptualization of disease risk in both setting were low, and risk scores concepts were based on cultural beliefs and setting-specific knowledge, especially in the rural areas. Many participants had not perceived any threat, and indicated limited susceptibility to CVDs, despite their belief that the risk factors are common. Participants that indicated having a prior CVDs diagnosis, did not readily accept their diagnosis, or disclose their status to others, or seek medical care. Some urban participants thought that CVDs are untreatable owing to inaccessibility of care and the common belief that this ‘is the will of God’. Consequently, participants had often opted for traditional or ‘miraculous’ religious healing practices, and, therefore, did not rely on chronic disease management advice.Interviews using communication cue cards revealed that how and by whom a risk message was communicated was an important consideration for a message to be accepted, and to elicit subsequent health-seeking intention, and possible action(s).Conclusion: Supporting community-level collaborative learning about CVDs, and their risk factors can support optimal evaluation of personal risk and perception of the threat of CVDs.
In vitro screening of non-antibiotic components to mitigate intestinal lesions caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, Lawsonia intracellularis and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
Authors: de Groot Nienke , Meneguzzi Mariana , de Souza Barbara , Costa Matheus de O.
Published: March 2022

Background
swine dysentery, ileitis, and porcine salmonellosis are production-limiting diseases global importance in swine production. They are caused by infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, Lawsonia intracellularis, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, respectively. Currently, the prevention, treatment, and control of these diseases still rely on antimicrobials. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of four commercially available non-antimicrobial compounds in preventing lesions caused by the bacteria cited above using an in vitro intestinal culture model. A total of five pigs per pathogen were used. For compounds F (a fungal fermented rye), S (a blend of short and medium chain fatty acids) and P (a synergistic blend of short and medium chain fatty acids, including coated butyrates) a total of 4 explants/pig for each treatment were used, while for compound D (an extract of carob and thyme) only 12 explants/pig for each treatment were used. Explants were exposed to a combination of pathogen only (n = 4/compound/pig), compound only (n = 4/compound/pig) or pathogen and compound (n = 4/compound/pig) and sampled a two time-points. Histopathology and gene expression levels were evaluated to investigate the treatment effect on exaplnts. Results: short and medium-chain fatty acids, and an extract of carob and thyme can mitigate lesions due to B. hyodysenteriae exposure. A fungal fermented prebiotic increased healthy epithelial coverage when explants were exposed to L. intracellularis or S. Typhimurium. Conclusions: these findings are a step towards finding alternatives to antimicrobials usage and control of swine dysentery, ileitis, and salmonellosis in pork production.