bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying threshold concepts in postgraduate general practice training: a focus group, qualitative study
Authors: Hall Katherine , Chae Anna
Published: June 2022

Objective

To identify threshold concepts (TCs) for physicians undergoing postgraduate medical education (PGME) in general practice.

Design

An explorative, qualitative study with 65 min focus group interviews and thematic analysis was used. Participants were asked to describe their most transformative learning experiences. Heuristical TCs were identified from the thematic analysis.

Setting

Aotearoa/New Zealand (A/NZ).

Participants

Fifty participants, mostly comprising current trainees and educators from urban centres, and of NZ/European ethnicity.

Results

Twenty TCs covering many aspects of postgraduate general practice experience were derived from themes identified in the data. Presented in medical proverbial form for ease of recollection, these included: Money makes the practice go round; Be a legal eagle; Manage time or it will manage you; Guidelines, GPs’ little helpers; Right tool, right word, right place; The whole of the practice is greater than the sum of the parts; The personal enhances the professional; Beat biases by reflection; Chew the Complexity, Unpredictability, Diversity; Embrace the uncertainty; Not knowing is knowing; Seek and you shall find; Waiting and seeing, waiting and being; Look, listen, think between the lines; Treat the patient beyond the disease; No patient is an island; Words work wonders; Hearing is healing; Being you and being there; and; The relationship is worth a thousand consults. These TCs mapped onto core competencies in A/NZ’s PGME in general practice curriculum.

Conclusions

Participants readily identified transformative and troublesome moments in their PGME in general practice. These findings confirmed evidence for a wide range of TCs with many newly identified in this study. All TCs were fundamentally based on the doctor–patient relationship, although often involving the context and culture of general practice. Actively incorporating and teaching these identified TCs in PGME in general practice may enable trainees to grasp these important learning thresholds earlier and more easily and aid in identity and role formation.
Conservation implications of white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) behaviour at the northern extent of their range in the Northwest Atlantic
Authors: Bowlby Heather D. , Joyce Warren N. , Winton Megan V. , Coates Peterson J. , Skomal Gregory B.
Published: June 2022

Assessing progress for the endangered white shark ( Carcharodon carcharias) relative to Canadian conservation objectives requires understanding distribution patterns. From the largest tagging data set in the Northwest Atlantic (2010–2020; 272 deployments), we determined the proportion of the population detected in Canadian waters, characterized patterns in occupancy, and explored the behavioural characteristics of animals while in Canadian waters versus elsewhere in their range. The component of the population detected in Canadian waters annually was highly variable, yet proportionately small. Juveniles and subadults were 4.7 and 3.4 times more likely, respectively, to move northward than adults. From June to November, all pop-up satellite archival tagged white sharks remained primarily in coastal locations within the 200 m bathymetric contour and exhibited shallow diving behaviour within the top 100 m of the water column. However, individuals in Canadian waters experienced a more restricted temperature range and used proportionately less of the water column. Accounting for behavioural effects on distribution when predicting habitat use from environmental associations will become critical to evaluate the population-level impact of recovery actions implemented under Canadian legislation.
Design and Realization of a Broadband Multi-Beam 1×2 Array Antenna Based on 2×2 Butler Matrix for 2.45 GHz RFID Reader Applications
Authors: Ansari Abdelaaziz El , Das Sudipta , Tabakh Ikram , Madhav B. T. P. , Bendali Abdelhak , Idrissi Najiba El Amrani El
Published: June 2022

This paper presents design and analysis of a beam switchable [Formula: see text] array patch antenna fed by a [Formula: see text] Butler matrix based hybrid coupler for 2.45[Formula: see text]GHz radio frequency identification (RFID) reader applications in the ISM band. The proposed beam switchable array antenna arrangement consists of two identical patch elements, a pleated quarter-wavelength impedance transformer (PQWIT), and a hybrid coupler. The concept of PQWIT has been utilized to reduce the overall implementation area of the patch elements. The overall area of the patch element is miniaturized by 50% due to the implementation of PQWIT. This miniaturized antenna is used as a radiating element for designing a beam switchable [Formula: see text] array antenna fed by a hybrid coupler. The proposed antenna prototype has been fabricated on a 1.56[Formula: see text]mm thick Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate with a physical area of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm2. The simulation and measured results exhibit good agreements. The designed antenna offers a broad bandwidth of 844[Formula: see text]MHz (1.956–2.80[Formula: see text]GHz), peak gain of 8.86 dB, peak radiation efficiency of 99.52% and has two switchable beams in the directions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The suggested switched beam array antenna is suitable for RFID reader applications at 2.45[Formula: see text]GHz for tracking of moving objects.
On metric-invariant relativistic transformations under anisotropy in the context of special relativity
Authors: Matías José M.
Published: June 2022

In a context of special relativity under anisotropy, Burde recently presented in this journal a new group of coordinate transformations obtained using Lie group techniques from the principles of relativity and correspondence, which show conformal metric invariance. As a consequence, this author argued that conformal invariance is a necessary condition of any anisotropic transformation satisfying those principles, and rejected the adequacy of any transformation obtained from the Lorentz transformation by a coordinate change, e.g. resynchronization such as the [Formula: see text]-Lorentz transformation. This paper argues against these assertions, and presents, as a counterexample, a relativistic generalization of the Tangherlini transformation obtained by the same Lie group method, that satisfies the previous requirements and enjoys the metric invariance property.
Noncanonical conformal attractors for single field inflation
Authors: Pinhero Tony , Pal Supratik
Published: June 2022

We extend the idea of conformal attractors in inflation to noncanonical sectors by developing a noncanonical conformally invariant theory from two different approaches. In the first approach, namely, [Formula: see text] supergravity, the construction is more or less phenomenological, where the noncanonical kinetic sector is derived from a particular form of the Kähler potential respecting shift symmetry. In the second approach, i.e. superconformal theory, we derive the form of the Lagrangian from a superconformal action and it turns out to be exactly of the same form as in the first approach. Conformal breaking of these theories results in a new class of noncanonical models which can govern inflation with modulated shape of the T-models. We further employ this framework to explore inflationary phenomenology with a representative example and show how the form of the Kähler potential can possibly be constrained in noncanonical models using the latest confidence contour in the [Formula: see text] plane given by recent Planck and BICEP/Keck results.
MARKET TIMING IN PARAMETRIC PORTFOLIO POLICIES
Authors: OSORIO CARLOS , PODDIG THORSTEN , FIEBERG CHRISTIAN , OLSCHEWSKY MICHAEL , FALGE MICHAEL
Published: June 2022

We extend the parametric portfolio policies that exploit firm characteristics to optimize portfolios of stocks and are thus based on asset selection. In addition to this, our extension exploits market indicators for market timing purposes (i.e. optimal allocations between stocks and a risk-free asset). We demonstrate the mechanics of the proposed technique in simulation studies. Specifically, we show that the extended approach is able to produce portfolios based on selection and timing that outperform portfolios that only apply selection, when the applied market indicators have sufficient predictive power. In purely demonstrative empirical applications, we illustrate how investors can use our optimization approach using common market indicators.
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Properties and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Shanan Zainab J. , Abdalameer Nisreen Kh. , Ali Huda M. J.
Published: June 2022

In this study, zinc oxide was prepared by pulsed laser ablation method (PLAL), which is an easy-to-use and inexpensive physical method. The optical properties were studied using UV-Vis spectrometers, structure properties by (XRD) to calculate the crystalline size, and particle size determination by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) assays and it was proved that they are within the ideal nanoscale for biological application. These ZnO NPs were employed on the inhibitory activity of different types of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as on fungi, and it was noted their ability to penetrate the bacterial cell wall and inhibit its action.
Barrow holographic dark energy in deformed Hořava–Lifshitz gravity
Authors: Jawad Abdul , Rani Shamaila , Ashraf Sameen , Azhar Nadeem
Published: June 2022

We discuss the cosmological implications of the interacting Barrow holographic dark energy model in the context of flat deformed Hořava–Lifshitz gravity by assuming the interaction ([Formula: see text]) between dark energy and pressureless dark matter. To understand the mechanism of recent accelerated expansion of the universe, we consider Hubble and event horizons as infrared cutoff. We investigate the evolutionary history of cosmological parameters especially the equation of state, Hubble, deceleration, squared speed of sound and find results that favor observational data of Planck 2018. It is found that the Hubble parameter lies in the range [Formula: see text] (for event horizon) and [Formula: see text] (for Hubble horizon). The equation of state parameter provides the phantom phase of the universe, while the deceleration parameter illustrates the accelerated phase of the universe. On the other hand, we plot the squared speed of sound and find the positive behavior which ensures the stability of underlying model. Moreover, we examine the generalized second law of thermodynamics of this cosmological system with barrow entropy as horizon entropy and observe that this law holds for both horizons.
An improved nonlinear energy sink with electromagnetic damping and energy harvesting
Authors: Xu Ke-Fan , Zhang Ye-Wei , Niu Mu-Qing , Zang Jian , Xue Jian , Chen Li-Qun
Published: June 2022

A nonlinear energy sink can achieve vibration reduction without changing the resonant frequency of the system. In this work, an improved nonlinear energy sink is proposed by integrating with an electromagnetic system. The vibration reduction performance is further enhanced and an energy harvesting function is achieved at the same time. The dynamic equations of the primary system with the improved nonlinear energy sink are established, and the electromagnetic analysis is performed. The steady-state response of the system is solved with the harmonic balance method and verified by numerical simulations. The integration of the electromagnetic system provides additional damping to the nonlinear energy sink, and the vibration reduction performances under the harmonic and the impulsive excitations are enhanced. At the same time, the vibrational energy is effectively harvested by the electromagnetic system. The integration of the electromagnetic system does not change the resonant frequency of the system and retains the targeted energy transfer characteristic. The proposed system is applicable to the nonlinear energy sink with originally insufficient damping, and the electromagnetic coupling coefficient is a key parameter affecting both the vibration reduction and the energy harvesting performances. This integrated system is expected to provide a new strategy for multifunctional devices.
Synthesis, Characterization and Comparative Anticancer Potential of Phytosynthesized Mono and Bimetallic Nanoparticles Using Moringa oleifera Aqueous Leaf Extract
Authors: Gupta Shruti , Tejavath Kiran Kumar
Published: June 2022

In this article, we bring up facile one-step phytosynthesis of silver (Ag), gold (Au) and Ag/Au bimetallic nanoparticles by reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4) solution, using aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera, known for its medicinal properties. These nanoparticles were evaluated for their cytotoxicity potential against human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2), triple-negative breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231) and breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7). Physical characterization of these metal nanoparticles was done using different nanoparticles analysis techniques, which include UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). Our data suggest that these phytosynthesized nanoparticles showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on all the three tested cancer cell lines. However, AuNPs are reported to have higher cytotoxic potential with IC[Formula: see text] value in the range of 9.20–21.46[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL compared to that of bimetallic NPs (Ag–Au NPs) with IC[Formula: see text] value of 37.22–49.94[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL. Whereas, silver NPs (AgNPs) didn’t show cytotoxic activity till a concentration of 60[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL in all the three cell lines tested for 24[Formula: see text]h. Hence, this study supports the effectiveness of phytosynthesized AuNPs for the development of anticancer agents.
Fractional approach for mathematical model of phytoplankton–toxic phytoplankton–zooplankton system with Mittag-Leffler kernel
Authors: Veeresha P. , Akinyemi Lanre
Published: June 2022

The solution for phytoplankton–toxic phytoplankton–zooplankton system with q-homotopy analysis transform method (q-HATM) is discussed. The projected system exemplifies three components (namely, zooplankton, toxic–phytoplankton as well as phytoplankton) and the corresponding nonlinear ordinary differential equations exemplify the zooplankton feeds on phytoplankton. The projected method is an amalgamation of q-homotopy analysis algorithm and Laplace transform and the derivative associated with the Atangana–Baleanu (AB) operator. The equilibrium points and stability have been discussed with the assistance of the Routh–Hurwitz rule in this work within the frame of generalized calculus. The fixed-point theorem is employed to present the existence and uniqueness of the attained result for the considered model, and we consider five different initial conditions for the projected system. Further, the physical nature of the achieved solution has been captured for fractional order, external force and diverse mass. The achieved consequences explicate that the proposed solution method is highly methodical, easy to implement and accurate to analyze the behavior of the nonlinear system relating to allied areas of science and technology.
Moduli difference of successive inverse and logarithmic coefficients for a class of close-to-convex functions
Authors: Kumar Virendra , Cho Nak Eun
Published: June 2022

Sharp bounds on the moduli difference of successive inverse and logarithmic coefficients for a class of strongly Ozaki close-to-convex functions are investigated. Relevant connections of the main results presented in this paper with existing ones are also pointed out.
“Peace Through Development”
Authors: Sun Degang , Zhang Jieying
Published: June 2022

Outside powers have diverse visions of international peace in the Middle East. The first is the “peace through strength” hypothesis, arguing that a “security deficit” is the root cause of conflict. Proponents of the hypothesis argue for building networks of military bases and strategic alliances, conducting, if necessary, regime changes and military strikes in an anti-terror campaign, a mode of security governance. The second features “peace through democracy,” emphasizing that a “democracy deficit” results in conflict. Leaders of democracies are more prudent in power usage so that they refrain themselves from launching aggression, a model of democratic governance. The third is the “peace through development” approach, arguing that a “development deficit” is the root cause of conflict. China favors “peace through development,” advocating a development-focused peace initiative to address the peace-development-security nexus in the Middle East. China offers developmental aid and human resources training to the target countries in order to improve their capacity with key infrastructure and livelihood projects as the centerpiece. Beijing places a high premium on infrastructure inter-connectivity between the Middle Eastern countries and attempts to builds these countries into a community of interest for regional peace by way of the Belt and Road Initiative.
Choreobot: A Reference Framework and Online Visual Dashboard for Supporting the Design of Intelligible Robotic Systems
Authors: van Deurzen Bram , Bruyninckx Herman , Luyten Kris
Published: June 2022

As robots are equipped with software that makes them increasingly autonomous, it becomes harder for humans to understand and control these robots. Human users should be able to understand and, to a certain amount, predict what the robot will do. The software that drives a robotic system is often very complex, hard to understand for human users, and there is only limited support for ensuring robotic systems are also intelligible. Adding intelligibility to the behavior of a robotic system improves the predictability, trust, safety, usability, and acceptance of such autonomous robotic systems. Applying intelligibility to the interface design can be challenging for developers and designers of robotic systems, as they are expert users in robot programming but not necessarily experts on interaction design. We propose Choreobot, an interactive, online, and visual dashboard to use with our reference framework to help identify where and when adding intelligibility to the interface design is required, desired, or optional. The reference framework and accompanying input cards allow developers and designers of robotic systems to specify a usage scenario as a set of actions and, for each action, capture the context data that is indispensable for revealing when feedforward is required. The Choreobot interactive dashboard generates a visualization that presents this data on a timeline for the sequence of actions that make up the usage scenario. A set of heuristics and rules are included that highlight where and when feedforward is desired. Based on these insights, the developers and designers can adjust the interactions to improve the interaction for the human users working with the robotic system.
UsyBus: A Communication Framework among Reusable Agents integrating Eye-Tracking in Interactive Applications
Authors: Jambon Francis , Vanderdonckt Jean
Published: June 2022

Eye movement analysis is a popular method to evaluate whether a user interface meets the users' requirements and abilities. However, with current tools, setting up a usability evaluation with an eye-tracker is resource-consuming, since the areas of interest are defined manually, exhaustively and redefined each time the user interface changes. This process is also error-prone, since eye movement data must be finely synchronised with user interface changes. These issues become more serious when the user interface layout changes dynamically in response to user actions. In addition, current tools do not allow easy integration into interactive applications, and opportunistic code must be written to link these tools to user interfaces. To address these shortcomings and to leverage the capabilities of eye-tracking, we present UsyBus, a communication framework for autonomous, tight coupling among reusable agents. These agents are responsible for collecting data from eye-trackers, analyzing eye movements, and managing communication with other modules of an interactive application. UsyBus allows multiple heterogeneous eye-trackers as input, provides multiple configurable outputs depending on the data to be exploited. Modules exchange data based on the UsyBus communication framework, thus creating a customizable multi-agent architecture. UsyBus application domains range from usability evaluation to gaze interaction applications design. Two case studies, composed of reusable modules from our portfolio, exemplify the implementation of the UsyBus framework.
Engineering the Transition of Interactive Collaborative Software from Cloud Computing to Edge Computing
Authors: Ortegat Guillaume , Grolaux Donatien , Riviere Etienne , Vanderdonckt Jean
Published: June 2022

The "Software as a Service" (SaaS) model of cloud computing popularized online multiuser collaborative software. Two famous examples of this class of software are Office 365 from Microsoft and Google Workspace. Cloud technology removes the need to install and update the software on end users' computers and provides the necessary underlying infrastructure for online collaboration. However, to provide a good end-user experience, cloud services require an infrastructure able to scale up to the task and allow low-latency interactions with a variety of users worldwide. This is a limiting factor for actors that do not possess such infrastructure. Unlike cloud computing which forgets the computational and interactional capabilities of end users' devices, the edge computing paradigm promises to exploit them as much as possible. To investigate the potential of edge computing over cloud computing, this paper presents a method for engineering interactive collaborative software supported by edge devices for the replacement of cloud computing resources. Our method is able to handle user interface aspects such as connection, execution, migration, and disconnection differently depending on the available technology. We exemplify our approach by developing a distributed Pictionary game deployed in two scenarios: a nonshared scenario where each participant interacts only with their own device and a shared scenario where participants also share a common device, including a TV. After a theoretical comparative study of edge vs. cloud computing, an experiment compares the two implementations to determine their effect on the end user's perceived experience and latency vs. real latency.
Mobile Applications for Health and Wellness: A Systematic Review
Authors: AlSlaity Alaa , Suruliraj Banuchitra , Oyebode Oladapo , Fowles Jonathon , steeves darren , Orji Rita
Published: June 2022

Mobile health (mHealth) apps show potential contributions as interactive systems for managing users' health conditions. They are also used to improve health habits using behaviour change strategies. However, the trends, effectiveness, and design practices of these apps in terms of behaviour change are unclear yet. With a collaboration between researchers, domain experts, interactive systems developers and professionals, this paper aims to fill this gap by systematically investigating 70 mHealth apps using two popular behaviour change frameworks, namely App Behaviour Change Scale (ABACUS) and the Persuasive System Design (PSD) model. The study investigates the most common strategies and how these strategies were designed and implemented in the apps to achieve the targeted design objectives. Furthermore, the study evaluates apps' behaviour change potential using the behaviour Change Score (BCS), a measure we introduced to evaluate how the apps employ behaviour change strategies. The results show that 1) Journaling is the most common category of apps. 2) the most employed strategies are Self-monitoring, Customize and Personalize, and Reminders. And 3) there is a positive correlation between apps' ranks (based on ratings and installation) and the BCS score of most strategies. Based on our findings, we offer recommendations for designing and developing mHealth apps and present opportunities for future work in this area.
Recent Advances in LoRa: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Sun Zehua , Yang Huanqi , Liu Kai , Yin Zhimeng , Li Zhenjiang , Xu Weitao
Published: June 2022

The vast demand for diverse applications raises new networking challenges, which have encouraged the development of a new paradigm of Internet of Things (IoT), e.g., LoRa. LoRa is a proprietary spread spectrum modulation technique that provides a solution for long-range and ultra-low power-consumption transmission. Due to promising prospects of LoRa, significant effort has been made on this compelling technology since its emergence. In this article, we provide a comprehensive survey of LoRa from a systematic perspective: LoRa analysis, communication, security, and its enabled applications. First, we summarize works focusing on analyzing the performance of LoRa networks. Then, we review studies enhancing the performance of LoRa networks in communication. Afterward, we analyze the security vulnerabilities and countermeasures. Finally, we survey the various LoRa-enabled applications. We also present comparisons of existing methods, together with insightful observations and inspiring future research directions.
Do You See What I See? Diversity in Human Color Perception
Authors: Bosten Jenny M.
Published: June 2022

In our tendency to discuss the objective properties of the external world, we may fail to notice that our subjective perceptions of those properties differ between individuals. Variability at all levels of the color vision system creates diversity in color perception, from discrimination to color matching, appearance, and subjective experience, such that each of us lives in a unique perceptual world. In this review, I discuss what is known about individual differences in color perception and its determinants, particularly considering genetically mediated variability in cone photopigments and the paradoxical effects of visual environments in both contributing to and counteracting individual differences. I make the case that, as well as being of interest in their own right and crucial for a complete account of color vision, individual differences can be used as a methodological tool in color science for the insights that they offer about the underlying mechanisms of perception.
Capacity and coulombic efficiency measurements underestimate the rate of SEI growth in silicon anodes
Authors: Rodrigues Marco-Tulio Fonseca
Published: June 2022

Capacity measurements and related quantities are the first layer of information acquired during testing of Li-ion cells. It is generally considered that elevated values of coulombic efficiency and capacity retention are absolute indicators of the existence of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Here, we challenge this notion by analyzing how the effect of side reactions on cell capacity depends on the choice of electrodes. More specifically, we demonstrate that the extent of measurable capacity fade due to SEI growth is modulated by the shape of the voltage profile of the cathode and anode at the end of charge and discharge half-cycles. This shape-dependency creates a mismatch between SEI growth and cell capacity loss, which is relatively small for graphite anodes but sizable for silicon-containing electrodes. We illustrate this point by showing that, at a same coulombic efficiency and capacity retention, cells containing silicon-based materials could actually exhibit rates of SEI growth that are as much as ≥ 40% higher than graphite cells. The main implication of this behavior is that, for certain systems, capacity measurements may be an unreliable source of information about the extent of reactions at the SEI, allowing other consequences of these side reactions (such as electrolyte depletion) to proceed unchecked while the cell appears to be stable.
Impact of COVID-19 on ambulatory blood pressure in young adults: a cross-sectional analysis investigating time since diagnosis
Authors: Nandadeva Damsara , Skow Rachel J. , Grotle Ann-Katrin , Stephens Brandi Y. , Young Benjamin E. , Fadel Paul J.
Published: June 2022

We report for the first time that ambulatory daytime, nighttime, and 24-h blood pressure (BP), as well as laboratory BP, were not different between control and COVID participants. However, a significant inverse relationship with time since COVID-19 diagnosis was found (i.e., greater BP with more recent infection). Ambulatory and laboratory BP variability were unaffected and not related with diagnosis time. These findings suggest that COVID-19 may exert only short-lasting effects on BP in young adults.
A Study on the Hedging Function of Gold in the Light of Economic Policy Uncertainty
Authors: Xiao Borui
Published: June 2022

This paper focuses on the empirical analysis of the closing price of gold, the SSE Index, and the China Economic Policy Uncertainty Index by means of a GARCH model to study the main characteristics of their movements. The series of gold closing price returns are analysed for linkage using the current mainstream VAR model, so as to analyse and compare the hedging function of gold. The article selects the closing price of gold, the SSE Index, and the China News-Based EPU from June 2005 to June 2019 as the sample series for the study. The background of the study and the theoretical knowledge of VAR and GARCH models are first introduced, and then, the GARCH family model and statistical analysis methods are used to derive the respective movements of the log returns of gold closing price, SSE index log returns, and China News-Based EPU log volatilities. The results show that the movements of the closing price of gold, the SSE Index, and the China News-Based EPU have the characteristics of financial assets in general, such as spikes and thick tails, agglomeration, and leverage effects. For the empirical study of the linkage between the three, this paper first considers only three variables, namely gold closing price, SSE index, and EPU. In order to investigate whether there is a co-integration relationship between them, a vector autoregressive model is established, followed by the corresponding impulse response analysis and variance decomposition. The analysis of the linkage between the closing price of gold, the SSE index, and the EPU concluded that changes in the EPU had a greater impact on the changes in the closing price of gold, while changes in the SSE index had a smaller impact on the changes in the closing price of gold. Finally, the conclusion of this article is some advice to investors on gold investment.
Generalising Holographic Superconductors
Authors: Donini Andrea , Enguita-Vileta Víctor , Esser Fabian , Sanz Veronica
Published: June 2022

In this paper we propose a generalised holographic framework to describe superconductors. We first unify the description of s-, p-, and d-wave superconductors in a way that can be easily promoted to higher spin. Using a semianalytical procedure to compute the superconductor properties, we are able to further generalise the geometric description of the hologram beyond the AdS-Schwarzschild Black Hole paradigm and propose a set of higher-dimensional metrics which exhibit the same universal behaviour. We then apply this generalised description to study the properties of the condensate and the scaling of the critical temperature with the parameters of the higher-dimensional theory, which allows us to reproduce existing results in the literature and extend them to include a possible description of the newly observed f-wave superconducting systems.
Urease and α-Chymotrypsin Inhibitory Activities and Molecular Docking Studies of Alkaloids Isolated from Medicinal Plant Isatis minima Bunge
Authors: Fozia Fozia , Ahmad Ijaz , Haq Zia ul , Wadood Abdul , Khan Hidayat Ullah , Ahmed Mushtaq , Jamila Nargis , Ullah Riaz , Alotaibi Amal , Sultan Mujeeb A.
Published: June 2022

Phytochemical studies on the alkaloids fraction of the entire plant of Isatis minima Bunge resulted in the alkaloids 1–4 isolation, which were first time isolated from this species. The 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data were used to identify their structures, and there was satisfactory compatibility of the data compared to those which were previously published. In the examined compounds 1–4, Isaindigotidione (3) and Isaindigotone (4) were shown as an effective urease inhibitor in such a concentration-dependent way against Jack bean and Bacillus pasteurii urease, with IC50 values 29.03 ± 0.04, 20.04 ± 0.09 and 34.03 ± 0.07, 26.13 ± 0.08 μM, respectively. Compounds 3 and 4 were likewise shown to be an effective inhibitor against α-chymotrypsin, exhibiting IC50 values 16.09 ± 0.07 and 22.01 ± 0.06 μM, correspondingly. The program MOE-Dock was used to perform a molecular docking analysis to confirm probable binding modes of the active complexes of the isolated compounds 1–4 and the crystal structure of urease and α-chymotrypsin enzymes. Compound 3 was the most active, having the highest docking scores against Bacillus pasteurii urease, α-chymotrypsin, and Jack bean (−8.6876), (−7.6647), and (−13.1927) μM, respectively. All four alkaloids (1–4) showed significant urease and protease inhibitory potential and further these activities were confirmed with the help of molecular docking study.
Investigation on Aging Model of Solid Propellant Using the Degree of Crosslinking
Authors: Wang Junqi , Cui Huiru , Ma Weili
Published: June 2022

Solid propellant is the main part of solid rocket motor (SRM). To further investigate the service life of SRM, aging of solid propellant should be concerned. The aim of this study is to propose a new aging constitutive model of solid propellant using the degree of crosslinking. The aging development equation of viscoelastic Poisson’s ratio (VPR) and relaxation modulus are considered in establishing the model. A series accelerated aging experiments accompanied with some tensile tests are designed to verify the new model. Aging experiments show that degree of crosslinking (DCL) can be used to act as a link to facilitate the communication between chemical aging and aged mechanical parameters well.
Impact of Activation, Optimization, and Regularization Methods on the Facial Expression Model Using CNN
Authors: Kandhro Irfan Ali , Uddin Mueen , Hussain Saddam , Chaudhery Touseef Javed , Shorfuzzaman Mohammad , Meshref Hossam , Albalhaq Maha , Alsaqour Raed , Khalaf Osamah Ibrahim
Published: June 2022

When it comes to conveying sentiments and thoughts, facial expressions are quite effective. For human-computer collaboration, data-driven animation, and communication between humans and robots to be successful, the capacity to recognize emotional states in facial expressions must be developed and implemented. Recently published studies have found that deep learning is becoming increasingly popular in the field of image categorization. As a result, to resolve the problem of facial expression recognition (FER) using convolutional neural networks (CNN), increasingly substantial efforts have been made in recent years. Facial expressions may be acquired from databases like CK+ and JAFFE using this novel FER technique based on activations, optimizations, and regularization parameters. The model recognized emotions such as happiness, sadness, surprise, fear, anger, disgust, and neutrality. The performance of the model was evaluated using a variety of methodologies, including activation, optimization, and regularization, as well as other hyperparameters, as detailed in this study. In experiments, the FER technique may be used to recognize emotions with an Adam, Softmax, and Dropout Ratio of 0.1 to 0.2 when combined with other techniques. It also outperforms current FER techniques that rely on handcrafted features and only one channel, as well as has superior network performance compared to the present state-of-the-art techniques.
Research on Low-Resolution Image Fusion Algorithm Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang Yan
Published: June 2022

The emergence of portable devices provides great convenience for image acquisition, but the image resolution is too low, which affects the identification and use of the image. Multiframe super-resolution algorithm makes a great contribution to extracting image features, but there is a problem with too much computation. Based on this, this paper proposes a low-resolution image fusion algorithm based on deep learning. Based on the introduction of extracting image features from low-resolution images, this paper proposes to fuse multiple low-resolution images, reduce the time of calculation error per frame, reduce the amount of calculation, extract feature information, and improve the alexnet network model to realize image extraction. The convolutional self-coding fusion network is used to realize image fusion and complete the reconstruction and fusion of low-resolution images. In the simulation analysis of the fusion algorithm, objective indexes such as network structure and loss function are selected to evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithm. This paper reduces the computational complexity of image acquisition and ensures that the amount of calculation can be reduced in each iteration. Analyze the effectiveness of the fusion algorithm, comprehensively evaluate the objective indicators, and verify the advantages of the algorithm through indicators such as gradient change and information entropy.
Improved GM (1,1) Model by Optimizing Initial Condition to Predict Satellite Clock Bias
Authors: Tan Xiaorong , Xu Jiangning , Li Fangneng , Wu Miao , Chen Ding , Liang Yifeng
Published: June 2022

The variation law of satellite clock bias (SCB) can be regarded as a grey system because the spaceborne atomic clock is very sensitive and vulnerable to many factors. GM (1,1) model is the core and foundation of the grey system, which has been highly valued and successfully applied in SCB prediction since its production. However, there are still some problems to be further studied such as the lack of stability of its prediction effect in practical application. In view of this, an improved GM (1,1) model by optimizing the initial condition has been proposed in this paper so as to increase the prediction performance. The new initial condition is obtained by the weighted combination of the latest and oldest components of the original clock bias sequence. And the weight values of these two components are acquired from a method of minimizing the sum of squares of fitting errors. We adopt GPS rapid precision SCB data provided by the International GNSS Service (IGS) for 15 mins, 30 mins, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h prediction experiments. The results show that the improved GM (1,1) model is effective and feasible, and its prediction accuracy and stability are significantly better than those of the traditional GM (1,1) model, ARIMA model, and QP model, even for the SCB signal with obvious fluctuation.
Studying the Impact of Health Education on Student Knowledge and Behavior through Big Data and Cloud Computing
Authors: liu Zhilan , Xu Xiang
Published: June 2022

Artificial intelligence and big data, as emerging technologies that have attracted much attention in recent years, have broad application and development space in improving the development of intelligent and refined education in colleges and universities. The application of artificial intelligence and big data to the mental health education practice of college students has a very positive effect on accurately discovering and scientifically solving the mental health problems of college students. In order to combine big data and cloud computing platform organically, this paper introduces an intelligent algorithm based on multi-output support vector regression (MSVR) model and immune clone selection algorithm (ICSA). At the same time, we couple the two to obtain a new intelligent algorithm, namely, immune multiple output support vector regression (ICSA-MSVR) algorithm. Based on the prediction results of health education on students' knowledge and behavior by cloud computing platform, the necessary conditions for three intelligent algorithms to complete the task are summarized. Numerical experimental results show that ICSA-MSVR plays a role in both local search and global search, and is more effective in large-scale cloud computing task scheduling. In addition, in task scheduling, when the task completion time is short, ICSA-MSVR has a lower load imbalance than ICSA and MSVR, which can achieve better load balancing, and the load between virtual machines is closer. Finally, combined with the problems and the needs of students’ health education, suggestions are put forward to deepen the application of technology in students’ mental health education. This approach can provide corresponding ideas and reference methods for improving the scientificity, pertinence, and effectiveness of mental health education.
Mobile Robot Path Planning Based on Improved Coyote Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Huang Jingyao , Wu Huihui
Published: June 2022

An improved coyote optimization algorithm (ICOA) is proposed to meet the requirements of global search capability, convergence speed, and stability for mobile robot path planning problems. Firstly, the population is divided into the elite group and the general groups after initialization, and the coyote individuals in the general groups are evolved by introducing the strategy of the best leading the poor. Secondly, after returning to the original position, coyotes adopt a new growth mode, and each individual makes a certain contribution to improve the level of the whole group. Thirdly, different from the original greedy algorithm, the survival of the fittest is carried out after each group of coyotes grows up, and the individuals do not affect each other. Finally, ICOA and the other seven optimization algorithms are simulated on four maps for mobile robot path planning. The simulation results show that ICOA can keep the diversity of the population, and has a strong global search ability, better stability, fast convergence speed, which reflects the strong optimization ability.
Seismic Responses and Damage Mechanisms of Deep-Buried Underground Powerhouse in Layered Rock Mass
Authors: Zhao Meng , Xiao Ming , Chen Juntao , Jin Hancheng
Published: June 2022

Layered rock mass generally has adverse effects on the seismic stability of deep-buried underground powerhouses. Aiming at the complexity of seismic wave field in deep-buried underground powerhouses, the obliquely input methods of P and SV waves considering the incident direction and multi-incident surfaces are constructed in this study, respectively. It can convert the seismic wave input problem into the problem of solving equivalent nodal force acting on the artificial boundaries. Based on the characteristics of dynamic interaction between interlayers in layered rock mass, an explicit dynamic contact force method considering the seismic deterioration effect and bond-slip characteristics of interface is also presented to simulate various contact states such as bond, separation, and sliding. The combined application of the above methods to analyze the seismic response of underground powerhouse at Azad Pattan hydropower station shows that they could accurately simulate the seismic damage evolution process of deep-buried underground powerhouses in layered rock mass. The numerical results indicate that the obliquely incident seismic waves contribute to a larger seismic reaction of underground powerhouses, which largely lies in the amplitudes of the displacement and stress fluctuations. After considering the dynamic contact, the obvious seismic deterioration effect and interlaminar dislocation displacement occur between soft and hard rock, and the sidewalls suffer more severe deterioration degree than the top arch. The seismic damage area of lining structure is mainly distributed in the place where the soft rock strata pass through and the upper structure with larger free surface. Additionally, two major damage modes of underground powerhouses in layered rock mass, namely, damage due to structural deformation and interlaminar dislocation, are derived from the numerical results and can be reasonably explained by the corresponding damage mechanisms.
Modeling and Performance Optimization of a Compact Three-Petalled Flower-Like Microstrip Patch Antenna for IoT Applications
Authors: Gupta Nancy , Gill Navneet , Maniraguha Fidele
Published: June 2022

The article is aimed at proposing the design and investigating the performance of a three-petalled flower-shaped wideband microstrip patch antenna for IoT and next-generation wireless applications. The proposed printed monopole antenna is provided with a microstrip feed line for excitation with a defected ground plane. The antenna is designed and analyzed using a finite-element-based simulator HFSS (version 15.0). The Optimetrics feature in the simulator is used for the performance optimization of the designed antenna that results in wide impedance bandwidth between 2.5 and 5.5 GHz, with add-on benefits such as less human efforts along with fast optimum results. The designed antenna holds an advantage of being low profile and reduced in size as overall diminutive dimensions of the proposed patch antenna are

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, making it suitable for use in Wi-Max- and WLAN-enabled IoT applications. The paper is aimed at proposing an innovative optimal design aiming at the concerns about the risks in the growth of IoT and mobile computing, particularly in wireless and mobile networks. The anticipated antenna, owing to its simple and compact design, can be easily integrated into portable mobile devices, and thus, it is considered suitable for 4G and 5G and other next-generation communication applications of IoT devices.
Curcumin Increased the Sensitivity of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer to Cisplatin through the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway
Authors: Wang Lile , Hu Ruicheng , Dai Aiguo
Published: June 2022

Objective. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most lethal cancers. Although cisplatin-based chemotherapies have been regarded as a promising treatment approach, cisplatin resistance still remains one of the major clinical challenges. Curcumin, a naturally occurring polyphenol, has been proved to increase chemotherapeutic efficiency of NSCLC cells. However, the role of curcumin in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC cells has been rarely investigated. This study aims to investigate whether curcumin enhances cisplatin sensitivity of human NSCLC cells and its underlying mechanisms. Method. A549/DDP and H1299/DDP cells were treated by DDP or/and curcumin before cell viability, and apoptosis were determined by using a CCK-8 assay and flow cytometer. The expressions of apoptosis and ER stress-related proteins, including cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, CHOP, GRP78, XBP-1, ATF6, and caspase-4, were measured by the qPCR and western blotting. After cotreatment by DDP and curcumin, A549/DDP and H1299/DDP cells were further treated by the ER stress inhibitor, salubrinal (20 μm), after which the cell apoptosis and viability were detected. Result. Treatment by DDP and curcumin can substantially decrease cell viability, while can increase the cell apoptosis rate, elevate mRNA and protein expressions of apoptosis and ER stress-related proteins, compared with cells treated by DDP or curcumin alone. Salubrinal treatment can counteract the suppressive effect of DDP and curcumin on cell viability and decrease the cell apoptosis of A549/DDP and H1299/DDP cells. Conclusion. Curcumin can increase the sensitivity of NSCLC to cisplatin through an ER stress pathway and thus can be served as one of the molecular targets for overcoming the cisplatin resistance.