bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of the association of serum uric acid levels with alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients diagnosed by imaging studies
Authors: Parasher Anant , Ranjan Kunal
Published: June 2021

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition defined by excessive fat accumulation in the form of triglycerides (steatosis) in the liver. In recent years, an association between elevated serum uric acid concentrations and NAFLD has been reported. The aim of the study was to perform cross-sectional study to determine the association between serum uric acid levels and the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), in NAFLD patients.Methods: In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, 300 patients with diagnosed NAFLD were included during the one-year period from July 2015 to June 2016.Results: Elevation of alanine aminotransferase levels was seen in a total of 93 cases (31%) and elevation of GGT levels in NAFLD patients was seen in 112 patients out of a total of 300 (37.33%). Hyperuricemia was observed in 99 cases out of a total of 300 cases of NAFLD (33%). A significant association was observed between the two parameters.Conclusions: The prevalence rate of NAFLD was significantly higher in subjects with hyperuricemia than that in those without hyperuricemia (78.19% versus 40.83 %) (p<0.001), and the prevalence rate increased with progressively higher serum uric acid levels (p<0.001). The relationship between rising uric acid levels with rising ALT and GGT levels in these patients was also found to be statistically significant.
A prospective study of peripheral arterial diseases in chronic kidney disease patient attending tertiary care hospital Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Jawaharlal Ramswarup K. , Mootha Vamsi Krishna
Published: June 2021

Background: Around 10% populations worldwide develop chronic kidney disease and two million people require frequent dialysis due to it1. Cardiovascular diseases related complications are more common in chronic kidney patients and responsible for greater morbidity and mortality. This study is designed to determine the peripheral artery disease in patients with chronic kidney disease in our clinical setup and risk factor associated with them.Methods: In present study 140 patients with chronic kidney disease were enrolled for this study. Demographic profile of each patient was recorded. Detailed history of patients regarding claudication was taken. Ankle-brachial index was calculated in each patient with CKD for diagnosis of PAD based on American heart association guideline.Results: There was male predominance. History of smocking was present in 80 (57.14%) patients and absent in 60 (42.85%) patients. Symptom of PAD was present in 28 (20%) patients and absent in 114(80%) patients. Ankle-Brachial Index was positive in 38(27.14%) patients and absent in 102 (72.85%) patients. 80 (57.14%) patients were in stage 3 and 24 (17.14%) patients were in stage 4. Diabetes mellitus was present in 26 (18.57%) patients, Hypertension was present in 64 (45.71%), IHD was present in 22 (15.71%) remaining have no risk factor.Conclusions: From present study we can conclude that PAD was common in CKD patients more than 50 years of age and here is male predominance. It is more common in smoker and in most of the patients it was asymptomatic. Prevalence of PAD was 27.14% in CKD patients. In our study PAD was more common in stage 3 CKD and least common in stage 2, and cardiovascular risk factor was more common in PAD patients then CKD in general.
Passage dependent changes in nuclear and cytoskeleton structures of endothelial cells under laminar shear stress or cyclic stretch
Authors: Jiang Yizhi , Witt Nathaniel , Ji Julie Y.
Published: June 2021

Background: The ability of vascular endothelium to sense and respond to the mechanical stimuli generated by blood flow is pivotal in maintaining arterial homeostasis. A steady laminar flow tends to provide athero-protective effect via regulating endothelial functions, vascular tone, and further remodeling process. As arterial aging appeared to be an independent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, it is critical to understand the effects of cell senescence on endothelial dysfunction under dynamic mechanical stimuli.

Methods: In this study, we investigated the morphological responses of aortic endothelial cells toward laminar flow or cyclic stretch. Automated image recognition methods were applied to analyze image data to avoid bias. Differential patterns of morphological adaptations toward distinct mechanical stimuli were observed, and the shear-induced changes were found to be more associated with cell passages than that of cyclic strain.  

Results: Our results demonstrated that the cytoskeleton and nuclear structural adaptations in endothelial cells toward laminar flow were altered over prolonged culture, suggesting that the failure of senescent endothelial cells to adapt to the applied shear stress morphologically could be one of the contributors to endothelial dysfunctions during vascular aging.

Conclusions: Results indicated that cells were able to adjust their cytoskeleton and nuclear alignment and nuclear shapes in response to the applied mechanical stimuli, and that the shear-induced changes were more dependent on PD levels, where cells with higher PDL were more responsive to external forces.
Factors influencing maternal mortality in Cumilla city corporation, Bangladesh
Authors: Majumder Shapan Chandra , Rahman M. Hasanur , Debbarman Shantanu
Published: June 2021

Background: The main purpose of this study was to analyze the factors influencing maternal mortality in Cumilla city corporation, Bangladesh.

Methods: This study was conducted with a questionnaire and interview survey to investigate the current objective.

Results: The major findings of this study were 11.33% respondents had no educations, 19.3% of respondents had no knowledge about ANC services, 22% of respondents had no knowledge about PNC services. It was about 49.33% of respondents first heard about the birth control method from their friends and relative as service providers and field workers were less active in those places. However, 28% of respondents were between 16 and 25 years which represents teenage or early marriage highly influences maternal mortality in this study area. Lack of postnatal and antenatal care were strong determinants for increasing maternal mortality.

Conclusions: The current findings have a significant impact on society and demographic economics because the study of influencing factors of maternal mortality in this study area was not conducted before. The current study will help to create opportunities for future research.
Meta-analysis on prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in India
Authors: Sakthivel Poongothai J. , P. Poornima , S. Anantha Jothi
Published: June 2021

Among various types of diabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common type constituting 90% of the diabetic population. Out of several complications, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is predominant which leads to mortality. Various studies have reported different incidence rates of CVD in patients with type 2 DM. Hence, this meta-analysis study is aimed at determining the prevalence of CVD in patients with type 2 DM in India. In this review, studies were extracted by searching databases from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Web of Science published between 2001 and 2021. The data collected from the extracted studies were analysed using comprehensive meta-analysis software which employs random effect model to combine the studies.  17 studies reviled 21.1% (95% CI: 17.9-24.7%) prevalence of cardiovascular CVDs in patients with type 2 DM in India. It is evident from literature review that women with DM are more prone CVD. If it is instituted that CVD is a major risk factor for DM in India, suitable scheme should be followed to improve the status of DM patients and should be brought to the note of hospitals.
The prevalence of middle turbinate pneumatization in patients of Southern region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mubaraki Musleh , Shamakhi Radeif , Dighriri Ramzi , Alzarei Ali
Published: June 2021

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of middle turbinate pneumatization in patients of Southern region of Saudi Arabia.  

Methods: This study used a retrospective radiological design to analyze computed tomography scans of 117 patients aged between 18 and 80 years of Southern region in Saudi Arabia were used in this study. Patients with altered anatomy (iatrogenic or pathological) were excluded, CT scans were analysed to determine the prevalence of middle turbinate pneumatization in patients of Southern region of Saudi Arabia.  

Results: There were forty percent (40%) male cases and sixty percent (60%) female cases. Concha bullosa (CB) was discovered in 17 (14.5%) of the cases, with 4 cases (23%) being bilateral and 13 (76%) being unilateral. 7 (53%) of unilateral cases were on the right side, while 6 (47%) were on the left.

Conclusions: CB was discovered in 17 (14.5%) of the cases, in patients of Southern region of Saudi Arabia, most of them unilateral by 76%. That’s indicate there is significant number of patients have CB and surgeon should consider it one of his differential diagnosis in patient with nasal obstruction.
Effect of aging and signal frequencies on masking level differences
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Debarshi , Chatterjee Indranil , Dutta Palash , Dey Sanghamitra
Published: June 2021

Background: The typical masking level differences (MLD) paradigm involves homophasic and antiphasic masking conditions. Objectives of the study were to develop homophasic and antiphasic stimulus, to find out the effect of signal frequency, of age on MLD when all the antiphasic conditions are compared to the homophasic S0N0 and SπNπ condition and to find out effect of interaural time delay of stimulus on aging.

Methods: 90 participants were divided into 3 groups of young adults, early presbycusic adults and geriatric presbycusic adults. Various stimuli were developed and presented. The MLD were using homophasic and antiphasic stimuli at 4 frequencies 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz. Subsequently these were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and paired t test.

Results: All the conditions used in the study had some condition with and without significant differences. However, at 500 Hz in S0N0 homophasic condition all four antiphasic conditions among groups and MLD and Interaural time delay between groups showed significant differences were present.

Conclusions: From these findings, the best frequency is 500 Hz as the homophasic S0N0 baseline condition. A significant difference between the groups indicated presence of age-related effect on MLD and interaural time delay, suggesting that age related changes can be observed in the binaural hearing and temporal processing of the signals and can be measured using MLD.
Management of oesophageal foreign bodies in pediatric patients: our experience
Authors: Mandal Manit M. , Panchal Ajay J. , Kumar Rakesh , Kapadia Parth B. , Valiya Vipul , Shah Vidhi , Kher Shanu
Published: June 2021

Background: Amongst pediatric patients, oesophageal foreign bodies (OFBs) are relatively common clinical problem. Majority pass harmlessly through gastrointestinal tract, some can cause complications or morbidities. Our study considered and reviewed our experience in managing OFBs in pediatric patients, with emphasis on the management and outcomes of complicated cases.

Methods: 77 cases of OFBs (diagnosis established), upto 12 years of age admitted at our tertiary hospital between January 2015 to December 2020 (duration of 6 years) were reviewed and analysed. On the basis of our analysis accounting demographic data, presenting symptoms, workup investigation, management, complications and outcomes, results and conclusions were derived.

Results: Amongst cases, 43 were male and 34 female. Mean age for our cases was 5.4 years. 56 cases (72.7%) cases presented in the hospital within first 24 hours. Commonest foreign body found in 64 cases (83.1%) was coin. Most cases had history of witnessed ingestion. Commonest presentation was asymptomatic (with history of witnessed ingestion), followed by complaint of vomiting and drooling of saliva. Most patients were discharged within 48 hours post-operatively except for 2 patients who presented intra-operatively with edematous inflamed mucosa with slight charring on oesophagoscopy where foreign body was button battery (cell). Follow-up period ranged from 2 to 8 months and all patients had complete recovery without any sequelae.

Conclusions: Our experience of 6 years with 77 pediatric patients with OFBs having various presentations have been reviewed, analysed and concluded here. All the patients had complete recovery without any sequelae.
Epidemiological analysis of facial fractures
Authors: Tanthry Deepalakshmi , Nehla Aisha , Santhraya Mahesh , Pannen Devan Poothatta
Published: June 2021

Facial trauma occurs in significant proportion of trauma patients requiring prompt diagnosis of fractures and soft tissue injuries with possible emergency intervention. The epidemiology of facial fractures varies with regards to Injury type, severity, and cause depending upon the population studied. The aim of the study was to understand the cause, severity and temporal distribution of facial trauma and aims in focusing on clinical and research priorities for effective treatment and prevention. It was done in the department of otorhinolaryngology at a tertiary health care centre. 100 patients between the age group of 20-60 years of both the sexes were included in the study. Patients were evaluated thoroughly with prime focus on the radiological intervention I.e., Computed tomography and X-ray. Open or closed reduction was carried out depending on the type and site of fracture. Facial fractures were found more commonly in third decade of life. Most of them had a period of hospital stay of an average of 9 days. Open reduction and internal fixation was done in cases of zygoma fractures and closed reduction was done in nasal fractures. Road traffic accidents were reported as commonest cause for facial fractures followed by assault and fall respectively. Males were the common victims. Nasal bones were the foremost fractures followed by zygomatic fractures. Closed reduction was done in nasal bone fractures. Open reduction and internal fixation was done in all cases of zygoma fractures.
Dandy-Walker variant: a diagnosis by clinical and CT evaluation in a tertiary hospital in Nepal
Authors: Ojha Sandip , Singhal Aditya , Shrestha Sandesh , Poudyal Prasanta
Published: June 2021

Dandy-Walker variant (DWV) has been used to describe a combination of cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle and hypoplastic cerebellar vermis in the absence of an enlargement of the posterior fossa. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for diagnosing DWV. But it can also be diagnosed by evaluating the subject clinically and by CT scans. We presented here a case report of a patient with DWV who was diagnosed by clinical evaluation and CT scans. A 15 years old girl presented with the symptoms of pain and ear discharge from both ears. She had developmental delay, mental retardation and poor nutritional status. The CT scan of the patient showed a posterior fossa cyst with hypoplastic vermis and communicating hydrocephalus without obvious enlargement of the posterior fossa. Hence, a diagnosis of DWV was made. For the ear pathology, she underwent modified radical mastoidectomy and other medical treatments.
Evaluation of co-relation between hip fractures and vitamin D level
Authors: Patel Pragnesh , Gandhi Vimal P.
Published: June 2021

Background: Hip fractures are devastating injuries that most often affect the elderly and have a tremendous impact on both the health care system and society in general. Approximately 97% occur in patients over 50 years of age. It has been a general belief that rickets and vitamin D deficiency are uncommon problems in India because of abundant sunshine. Hence the aim was to identify patients with hip fractures and to attain the vitamin D levels in these patients.

Methods: The study was a descriptive type of study. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. A total of 154 patients were included in the study. Patients were assessed clinically, with a thorough history and physical examination. The symptoms and signs elicited were recorded in a performa.

Results: Neck of femur (NOF) was more common in female patients and intertrochanteric (IT) fracture was common in male patients. These fractures were mainly seen in the age group between 61 to 70 years of age for hip fractures. It was also noted that anaemia was prevalent in both male and female patients and the overall vitamin D deficiency was 76% of the total number of patients with more predominant (84.6%) in female patients.

Conclusions: Treatment of the vitamin D deficiency reduces the chances of fall, morbidity and financial burden on the patient when fractures occur. The treatment of vitamin D deficiency will improve the quality of life overall. Hence the need for food fortification and supplementation in elderly Indian population.
Functional outcome of proximal 1/3rd, distal 1/3rd and diaphysial tibial fractures in adults operated with expert tibial nailing
Authors: Kiran Uduthala Sai , S. Surendra Babu , Nitin Kurakula , Desai Tarun , Y. S. Kaushik , Krishnan Rinku
Published: June 2021

Background: Fractures of the tibial shaft are increasing due to high velocity trauma and industrialisation. Not only they are common but also difficult to treat. Until recently surgeons had to rely on non-operative treatment, V nailing, plates and screws and external fixator but they had their drawbacks like prolonged immobilisation infection, delayed union and non-union. Numerous modifications in nail and screw design have led to development of the expert tibial nail. Multidirectional interlocking screws ensure that alignment can be well maintained and stability preserved in short proximal or distal tibial segments.

Methods: 30 patients were admitted and operated during September 2014 to September 2016 in Mamata general hospital Khammam. All patients were evaluated with Klemm Borner’s criteria and complications following surgery.

Results: 87% of patients achieved good or excellent results, fair results were obtained in 3 (10%) patient and poor result in one (3%) patient. 2 (6%) patients had malunion, 2 (6%) patients had delayed union, 1 (3%) patient had deep infection led to implant failure.

Conclusions: Intramedullary nailing is a safe and effective technique for the treatment of tibial metaphyseal fractures. It avoids the additional soft-tissue dissection associated with traditional open procedures as well as the complications associated with external fixators. Expert tibial nail can give excellent functional and clinical results. Complications such as failure of the bone-implant construct or post-operative malallignment are avoidable if careful pre-operative planning is allied with meticulous surgical technique.
A prospective comparative study of functional outcome in patients treated with interlocking nailing and dynamic compression plating for fracture shaft of humerus in adults
Authors: Bhutani Prashant , Gupta Nikhil , Pujara Rahul D.
Published: June 2021

Background: Aim of the study was to compare the functional outcome in patients with fracture shaft of the humerus treated with dynamic compression plating (DCP) and those treated with intramedullary interlocking nailing.

Methods: Of 44 patients with humeral shaft fracture were included in this study and were divided in the following two groups of 22 patients: Group A: Patients treated with DCP by triceps splitting approach and group B: Patients treated with standard intramedullary interlocking nailing. All patients were followed up at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months post operatively. Functional outcome was assessed using Rodriguez-Merchan criteria on follow up at 6 months post op.

Results: The mean age of patients in group A was 39.05±13.13 years and group B was 38.73±12.95 years. According to Rodriguez-Merchan criteria, 8 (36.4%) and 12 (54.6%) patients in group A had excellent and good functional outcome respectively and 4 (18.2%) and 10 (45.4%) patients in group B had excellent and good functional outcome respectively.

Conclusions: DCP offers better functional outcome than interlocking nailing.
Evaluation of bacteriological contamination pattern of open fractures of extremities in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Jain Sourabh , Kumar Ashok , Chhabra Anurag , Kumar Krishan , Chaudhary Kulveer
Published: June 2021

Background: Open fractures and associated complications like infection are fairly common in developing countries due to rising incidence of high velocity trauma. Primary goal of study is to evaluate the pattern of bacteriological contamination of open fractures of extremities in tertiary care hospital.

Methods: A total of 316 patients of all the age group, both the sexes with open fractures of extremities presented within 6 hours were taken in to study. 1st swab taken at the time of primary wound examination followed by 2nd culture swab on just after debridement followed by 3rd culture swab on the day of 1st aseptic dressing followed by 4th culture swab if infection continues or asepsis score is more than 20 till the duration of 4 days. Culture and sensitivity reports were collected for studying pattern of bacterial isolates and their sensitivity.

Results: Infection developed in 22.5% of the patients with open fractures of extremities in whom most of bacterial infections were caused by gram-negative organisms (80.3%). Cultures on admission were positive in 41 patients, out of which 11 patients had developed infection in the final cultures but with different flora. While cultures taken at 1st aseptic dressing were found to be positive in 51 cases, out of which 31 had developed infection with prognostic value of 57%.

Conclusions: We concluded that cultures obtained at 1st aseptic dressing are far more predictive than pre and post-debridement cultures in management of patients with open fractures of extremities and are important in formulating an antibiotic policy.
Functional result of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by remnant preservation in a tertiary center in Eastern India
Authors: Ganguli Ritwik , Jash Swagatam
Published: June 2021

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is one of the most common procedures in orthopaedics. Orthopaedic surgery is vastly evolving to give better functional outcome. Apart from stability, proprioception, ligament healing are important factors for return to sports. The presence of remnant containing mechanoreceptors and free neural endings can help reinnervate the ACL auto graft. Aims and objectives were to evaluate clinical outcomes in patients undergoing ACL reconstruction with remnant preservation.

Methods: One hundred and six patients who underwent ACL reconstruction between April 2014 and March 2020. Among these 80 patients underwent remnant preservation. Analysis is done based on international knee documentation committee score (IKDC), modified Cincinnati knee rating system (MCKRS) and Tegner-Lysholm scoring system. Other factors are Lachman test, pivot shift test, return to sports and graft rupture rate.

Results: Lachman test became negative in 98% at 12 weeks and in all the patients at 24 months post-operatively. 74 patients (92.5%) among 80 patients develop full range of knee movement after ACL surgery. Post-operative scores are 95, 93, and 92 respectively.

Conclusions: Remnant preserving ACL reconstruction having excellent clinical outcome with good knee stability, early return to sports activities and no incidence of graft rupture in our series.
Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Being Overweight or Obese in Suriname
Authors: Khadan Jeetendra , Spencer Nekeisha , Strobl Eric , Bose-Duker Theophiline
Published: June 2021

This paper applies probit regression models to a nationally representative household survey dataset collected in 2016-2017 to analyze the relationships between various socio-demographic variables and adult Body Mass Index (BMI) in Suriname. Our results indicate that women, the elderly, and couples either married and/or living together are more likely to be obese or overweight. As expected, this is also true for individuals who have chronic illnesses. The analysis also finds that individuals who engage in a sport or in other forms of exercise, even if modest, have lower odds of being overweight or obese. Interestingly, the findings indicate that individuals who benefit from government social safety net programs are less likely to be associated with being overweight or obese. The results of this study have implications for the adjustment of current Surinamese nutritional guidelines as well as the design and implementation of targeted obesity-reduction policies that recognize that being overweight is influenced by various characteristics. Although the results are country-specific, they have the potential to influence action in all countries in the Caribbean that lack policies to address obesity.
Editorial
Authors: Guzmán Napurí Christian
Published: June 2021

La teoría económica ortodoxa, como presupuesto para el funcionamiento de la misma, consagra el axioma del “hombre económico”, entendido como el convencimiento de que el hombre actúa “maximizando beneficios y minimizando costos” en la toma de decisiones económicas. Es decir, actúa racionalmente al actuar en el mercado1. El acotado axioma, junto con el equilibrio del mercado y las preferencias estables, constituye la base del pensamiento económico moderno, en sus más diversas concepciones.
Energías renovables alternativas, un reto para el Perú
Authors: Gamio Aita Pedro
Published: June 2021

La actividad propiamente eléctrica se inicia en 1884, con la operación de la primera central hidroeléctrica en la provincia de Huaraz, distrito de Yangas, construida por una empresa minera. Es en el gobierno del general Miguel Iglesias, en 1886, con la empresa privada Peruvian Electric Construction and Supply (PECS), que entra en operación la primera central térmica que permitió el alumbrado público en la plaza de armas y algunas calles del centro de Lima. Después de 170 años todavía en el país no logramos pleno acceso a la energía. La matriz se basa principalmente en hidroelectricidad y gas natural, con una pequeña participación de solo 5 % de energías renovables alternativas.
Marco teórico para entender (y enfrentar) los problemas de desempeño, integridad y corrupción en el Sector Público
Authors: Martínez Ortiz Juan
Published: June 2021

Es frecuente encontrar muchos textos que tratan de identificar y formular diagnósticos sobre problemas de desempeño, integridad y corrupción en el sector público. Además, también plantean propuestas de políticas y acciones para enfrentar dichos problemas. Sin embargo, muchas veces queda la sensación de que los diagnósticos reflejan parcialmente los hechos, tomados o presentados según la subjetividad y preferencias de quien realiza tales diagnósticos. Lo mismo ocurre con las propuestas de política y acciones para enfrentar los problemas detectados. En muchos casos no queda claro cuál es el marco teórico que se utiliza y que sirva de sustento para explicar lo que sucede en la realidad y para escoger o decidir por una serie de políticas o acciones.
Un análisis de las implicaciones de la asignación de talento humano en las agencias públicas de Enforcement
Authors: Melgar Eduardo
Published: June 2021

Durante el verano de 1996, 45 jóvenes egresados de las carreras de Derecho, Economía e Ingeniería de distintas universidades del Perú fueron seleccionados para cursar estudios especializados en regulación de industrias de redes1. Durante tres meses, los estudiantes admitidos debían coexistir en las mismas aulas, donde, bajo un enfoque que pretendía emular las condiciones reales de trabajo multidisciplinario en el sector, fueron adoctrinados conjuntamente en materias de derecho, economía e ingeniería. Uno de los resultados que más llamó la atención de los organizadores fueron las calificaciones obtenidas por los participantes. Contrariamente a lo ocurrido en los módulos de economía e ingeniería, en que los economistas y los ingenieros lograron, respectivamente, las calificaciones más altas; el resultado de las calificaciones de los abogados en los cursos de derecho no fue igualmente favorable para éstos, siendo largamente superados por los ingenieros.
Gramophone, Masinatahikan – Typewriter, Press, Our Mother(s) Tongue
Authors: Bell Gloria Jane
Published: June 2021

This essay discusses a wide range of media—including an 1853 Albion Cree Press, a Cree typewriter, and contemporary Indigenous artworks—to create a sense of the multiplicity of Indigenous technologies available for study today and the vastness of the visual record. While older art historical studies would be limited to so-called high art, namely paintings and sculpture, this essay takes an expansive approach to consider multiple examples of visual culture in the formation of Indigenous literacy traditions. The work considers the importance of birchbark biting and moss in the pictorial record, for example, as a form of Indigenous technology. This essay has also been inspired by recent conversations with my mom and colleagues in the discipline of contemporary art and for that I am thankful and try to reflect a more conversational approach to the media discussed herein as a methodology of upending binaries and tensions of spoken and unspoken and not-as-yet written stories. The research engages in visual analysis of Indigenous literary artifacts and images. By Indigenous literacies I mean the way Indigenous people have engaged and engage technologies and media to move ideas forward, to create art and culture. The essay takes a speculative approach, using some stories about artworks and narrative approaches to honor a history of Métis and Cree paths to knowledge that are based on storytelling rather than definitive histories. As a person of Métis ancestry on my maternal side, I write this essay not as a fluent Cree or Michif speaker, but as one who is in a life-long process of language learning. Analysis of visual imagery expands staid notions and simplistic understandings of Indigenous literacies as solely based on writing.
Epidemiological Factors and Clinical Course of COVID-19 in Patients Who Died Following the Disease in Dedicated COVID Hospital, Rewa District, Madhya Pradesh - A Retrospective Study
Authors: Marathe Neera , Asati Aashutosh , Singh Alok Pratap , Indurkar Manoj , Thakur Saritesh Kuma
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND The clinical spectrum of SARS–CoV-2 infection encompasses asymptomatic infection, mild upper respiratory tract infection, and severe viral pneumonia with respiratory failure and even death. This study attempts to estimate the time interval between symptoms onset to severity, time taken for hospitalization, length of stay in hospital along with demographic and clinical characteristics of deceased patients infected with Covid-19. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted in SSMC associated Dedicated Covid Hospital, Rewa district, India. Covid-19 positive deaths (112) that occurred from May 2020 to January 2021 in this institute were considered for this study. Information regarding socio-demographic profile, systemic diseases / underlying medical conditions, signs and symptoms of the disease, clinical course, and investigations were collected and analysed. Time duration variables included were time from the initial symptom to breathlessness, time taken to seek treatment, delay in hospitalization, and length of stay in the hospital. RESULTS Elderly males with 2 or more comorbid conditions were found to be at higher risk of mortality. Median duration from onset of initial symptom to treatment seeking / hospitalization in DCH was 5 days. While mean duration from onset of initial symptoms to onset of breathlessness was 2 days 6 hrs. There was a delay of 3 days in hospitalization after experiencing breathlessness. 90 % patients had bilateral lung involvement at the time of admission. More than half of the patients had multiple organ involvement. Positive correlation was observed in delay in hospitalization, with syndrome severity at the time of admission and negative correlation with length of stay in hospital. CONCLUSIONS Delay in hospitalization is observed as an important factor which affects clinical course. Disease severity increases and length of stay decreases with delayed presentation at the time of admission. It should be addressed with awareness generation activities in community and self-assessment tool appropriate and suitable for implementing in general population. KEYWORDS Covid 19, Covid Infection, Mortality, Time Delay, Length of Stay (LoS)
Variations in the Branching Pattern of External Carotid Artery in South Kerala Population – A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Sudhakaran Manju , Alikunju Mini , Raveendran Vandana Latha , Govindapillai Umesan Kannanvilakom
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND External carotid arteries account for a major share of arterial supply of head and neck regions. As variations are frequently observed in the branching pattern of external carotid artery, surgeons, radiologists and anaesthetists often encounter difficulties in various procedures of head and neck. The purpose of this study is to describe the variations in the branching pattern of external carotid artery as observed in South Indian population which definitely reduces its iatrogenic injuries associated with surgical and radiological procedures of head and neck. METHODS This is cross-sectional descriptive study. Bilateral neck dissection was done on twenty-two formalin fixed cadavers to study the branching pattern of external carotid artery during a period of two years in the Department of Anatomy in Government Medical College, Alappuzha. Common carotid, external carotid and internal carotid arteries were dissected. All the branches of external carotid artery were traced and the variations were noted. The distance between carotid bifurcation and point of origin of individual branches of external carotid were measured and statistically analyzed. RESULTS In the present study along with normal branching pattern of external carotid artery, variations like origin of superior thyroid artery from common carotid artery and also from carotid bifurcation were seen. A common linguofacial trunk and direct origin of superior laryngeal artery from external carotid artery were also observed. CONCLUSIONS Prior knowledge of the variations will be helpful to surgeons and anaesthetists while dealing with these vessels during procedures of head and neck regions. KEYWORDS External Carotid Artery, Carotid Bifurcation, Superior Thyroid Artery, Linguofacial Trunk
A Single-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Study - Role of Probiotics on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Patients with Type - 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Odisha
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Rout Aswini Kumar , Mohanty Sriprasad , Padhi Prabhat Kumar , Rattan Roma , Behera Ashok Kumar
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder, characterized by hyperglycaemia, insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. Along with diet, exercise, and oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs), probiotic intervention in novel food formulations enriched with specific bacterial strains could also be effective. In patients with type 2 DM and obesity, there is alteration in composition of the gut microbiota resulting in moderation of intestinal permeability and increasing endotoxin secretion. The utility of probiotic therapy in the management of type 2 DM has not been fully explored. Probiotics also regulate gut microflora and plasma lipids. The study was designed with a purpose of assessing the role of probiotics in glucose and lipid metabolism and its effectiveness in controlling blood sugar and lipid profile in type 2 DM. METHODS The single-blind randomized controlled study was conducted from February 2019 to January 2020 in the Department of Medicine, SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, in patients of type 2 DM. A total of 80 patients were included in the study with 40 as cases and another 40 as controls. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. The mean ± standard deviation, median and ranges were calculated using chi square test and independent t-test. The level of significance was considered as P < 0.05. RESULTS The FBS and HbA1C levels were decreased by 16 mg / dl and 0.5 % respectively after consuming probiotics (P < 0.001). The total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein was decreased and high density lipoprotein level was increased after taking probiotics which was significant (P < 0.001). Probiotics help in cholesterol reduction through different mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Probiotics have a definite role in improving glycaemic status and lipid levels in type 2 DM. KEYWORDS Glycosylated Haemoglobin, Type 2 DM, Probiotics, Intestinal Permeability
Histomorphological Features of Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Lymph Node Lesions in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India
Authors: Rajan Lali Krishnan , Saraswathy Priya Venugopaladas , Ali Sheela Kizhuvelil Mohammed , Lekshmi Deepthi Raj Madambithara
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Lymphadenopathy is a common clinical condition and biopsies are usually undertaken to determine the cause of nodal enlargement, which may be neoplastic or non-neoplastic. The neoplastic disorders are categorized into haematolymphoid malignancies and metastasis, while the causes of non-neoplastic lymphadenopathy are diverse. This study was undertaken to determine the histopathological spectrum in lymph node biopsies. METHODS This was a descriptive study of 357 cases of histologically diagnosed peripheral lymph node biopsies in the Department of Pathology, Govt. Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, S. India conducted from January 2019 to December 2019. Treated cases of malignancies were excluded. RESULTS The non-neoplastic lesions were more common accounting for 67.2 % (240 cases) which included 40.3 % (144 cases) of non-specific reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, 3.9 % (14 cases) of other specific lymphoid hyperplasia, 16.2 % (58 cases) of tuberculous lymphadenitis, 6.7 % (24 cases) of other granulomatous lesions. Neoplastic lesions accounted for 32.8 % (117 cases) and included 16.2 % (58 cases) of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 3.9 % (14 cases) of Hodgkin’s lymphoma and 12.6 % (45 cases) of metastatic lesions. CONCLUSIONS Lymph node biopsy plays an important role in establishing the cause of lymphadenopathy. Among the biopsied nodes, reactive follicular hyperplasia was the most common (40.3 %) followed by Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and tuberculous lymphadenitis (16.2 % each) and metastasis (12.6 %). KEYWORDS Lymphadenopathy, Lymph Node, Metastasis, Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia, Tuberculosis
Применение олокизумаба у пациентов с SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) в реальной клинической практике
Authors: Половинкин Н.А , Николаева А.А , Савинчева А.С. , Сорокина Ю.А. , Копылов А.С.
Published: June 2021

Цель исследования: Изучить эффективность и безопасность лекарственного препарата олокизумаба для лечения пациентов с инфекцией, вызванной вирусом SARSCoV-2 (COVID-19), в условиях реальной клинической практики. Материала и методы: данные 25 пациентов, с подтвержденным диагнозом COVID-19, госпитализированных в стационар в период с 01.01.2021 по 28.02.2021. Всем пациентам в качестве упреждающей противовоспалительной терапии назначали препарат олокизумаб, раствор для подкожного введения, 160 мг/мл – 0,4 мл, со стандартной терапией согласно критериям временных методических рекомендаций «Профилактика, диагностика и лечение новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19)» МЗ РФ, версия 10. Возраст пациентов составил от 35 до 83 лет. Длительность пребывания в стационаре от 7 до 42 дней. Результаты: Пациентам препарат вводился на 11 сутки после манифестации заболевания. По данным клинических и лабораторный исследований уже на первые сутки после введения наблюдалась положительная динамика у 100% больных. При этом снижение температуры тела фиксировалось - у 25 (100%) пациентов, но до нормальных значений: на 1 сутки после введения -у 6 (24%) пациентов, на 2 сутки - 14 (56%) пациентов, на 7 сутки - 5 (20%) пациентов. Уменьшение показателей Среактивного белка после введения препарата наблюдалось у 25 (100%) пациентов, но при этом до нормальных показателей снижался только на 7 сутки у 12 (48%) пациентов. Уменьшение показателей ИЛ-6 после введения препарата Олокизумаб наблюдалось у 25 (100%) пациентов. В результате лечения 88% пациентов выписаны из стационара в связи с выздоровлением. Заключение: У пациентов, получивших в условиях стационара однократное введение 0,4 мл раствора для подкожного введения препарат Олокизумаб, 160 мг/мл, для лечения инфекции, вызванной вирусом SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), наблюдалась положительная клиническая и лабораторная динамика. Нежелательные явления данного препарата не были зарегистрированы.
Ассоциация качества жизни с активностью заболевания у больных с ревматоидным артритом
Authors: Рахимова С.С. , Жолдыбай М.М. , Перевезенцева В.М. , Сакенова М.М. , Ишигов Р.Т.
Published: June 2021

Целью исследования явилось изучение качества жизни пациентов с ревматоидным артритом в зависимости от степени активности и длительности заболевания. Было исследовано 98 больных с достоверным диагнозом ревматоидного артрита (РА). Качество жизни (КЖ) изучали по опроснику EQ-5D. На основании полученных данных было выявлено снижение качества жизни пациентов с РА по мере прогрессирования заболевания. Наиболее низкие показатели индекса EQ-5D обнаружены у пациентов с высокой активностью РА. У пациентов с длительностью заболевания более 5 лет возрастание уровня DAS 28 ассоциировалось с низким показателем индекса здоровья по EQ-5D.
Реконструкция слесарно – ремонтного участка МТП для хозяйства Казахстана
Authors: Тойгамбаев С.К.
Published: June 2021

В данной статье представлен расчет реконструкции участка восстановления распределительных валов, в соответствии с продолжительностью рабочей недели, продолжительности смены и типа производства рассчитана производственная площадь участка. Представлен план реконструкции участка с подбором необходимого оборудования для участка с их предварительной расстановкой.
Определение коэффициента фильтрации горных пород методом пневмоиспытаний на подземном руднике «Айхал»
Authors: Еланцева Л.А. , Фоменко С.В. , Афанасьев А.Ю.
Published: June 2021

В статье приведена гидрогеомеханическая структура подработанного массива горных пород над отработанным пространством рудника «Айхал», рассмотрена суть применяемого для оценки проницаемости массива горных пород метода пневмоиспытаний, дана методика интерпретации данных пневмоиспытаний.
Определение геометрических параметров деформаций с применением современных методов аэрофотосъемки
Authors: Кузнецов А.А. , Вишневская Н.А. , Гроссул П.П.
Published: June 2021

В данной статье рассматривается процесс определения геометрических параметров деформаций с использованием беспилотных летательных аппаратов на золоторудном месторождении, ведущем добычу полезных ископаемых открытым способом.
Uncertainties relation and micro particles diffraction
Authors: Pylaev A.P.
Published: June 2021

It was shown that for explanation of experimental results on diffraction of micro particles it does no need to use the de Broglie wave’s concept. Such the results can be described with the aid of the Heisenberg uncertainties relation. As for examples the known results of experiments conducted by C. Davisson and L. H. Germer on diffraction of electrons and by Rutherford on  particles scattering are considered.
Prevalence of antibiotic resistant pathogenic E. coli from animals, retail and humans diagnosed with Gastroenteritisv
Authors: Gomez Adriana M. Morales , Aguilera Nunez Elizabeth , McDonough Patrick , Chang Yung-Fu , Mohammed Hussni O.
Published: June 2021

Foodborne pathogens represent one of the major challenges to health systems around the world. This risk is exacerbated by the presence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) pathogens. Knowledge of the presence of these pathogens in the food supply chain would help in establishing intervention strategies to mitigate their risk. The objective of this study was to detect AMR among serotypes of Escherichia coli (E. coli) food adulterants serotypes of E. coli in the food supply chain and among isolates from gastroenteritis cases. E. coli isolates recovered from animals, meat processing plants, retail, and humans were examined for the presence of AMR using phenotypic and genotypic approaches. AMR to aminoglycosides, β-lactams, and tetracycline were detected in all isolates recovered from these sources at different levels. Similarly, presence of the bla-Tem, bla-SHV, aadA, and strAB genes were detected in isolates from these sources but there was no significant correlation between the genetic detection and phenotypic expression AMR.
The occurrence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella nagoya and other serovars in healthy commercial layers in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Al-Mustapha Ahmad I. , A. Ibrahim Raufu , O. Adesiji Yemisi , Heikinheimo Annamari , O. Adetunji Victoria
Published: June 2021

The occurrence of drug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) in poultry has serious economic implications for the poultry industry and has the potential to cause human Salmonellosis. This study, therefore, aimed to determine the circulating serovars of NTS and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in poultry in Ilorin. This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2015. A total of 420 samples (cloacal, n=140; fecal, n=140; feed, n=70, and water, n=70) were aseptically collected from live adult birds from 14 farms using a systematic random sampling technique. Salmonella was isolated using the ISO 6579 method. Antibiotic sensitivity testing of NTS serovars was performed using the Kirby Bauer disc – diffusion method and interpreted using the epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values. The prevalence of NTS in poultry was 7.4% (n=31). Feed samples were the most contaminated samples (42%, n=13/31). Faecal sample (32%, n=10/31), cloacal swabs (19.5%, n= 6/31), and water samples (6.5%, n=2/31) also contained NTS. There was a significant difference between NTS isolation rates between farms (p<0.05). Only 21 isolates purposively selected across farms and sample types were serotyped. Salmonella nagoya was the most prevalent (52%, n=11/21). Other serovars were Salmonella brijbhumi (5%, n=1/21); Salmonella enteritidis (5%, n=1/21); and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 6, 8: z4 (19%, n=4/21). Four isolates (19%) were untypable. All isolates showed multidrug resistance. Most of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin (82.3%) and tetracycline (76.5%). Some isolates were resistant to cefotaxime (23.5%) and ciprofloxacin (29.4%). The occurrence of multidrug-resistant salmonella isolates is considered a critical public health threat that requires urgent global action. There is a need for a coordinated national salmonella surveillance program in Nigeria.
Knowledge, attitudes and practice of food services staff on food hygiene at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Authors: Zolfaghari Firouzsalari Nasim , Khezerlou Arezou , Zolfaghari Hajar , Shahmahdi Najmeh , Alizadeh-Sani Mahmood , Mahmoodi Zahra
Published: June 2021

Food hygiene must be observed in production, storage, supply, and sales to obtain healthy foods with desirable quality. The purpose of present study was to evaluate the awareness, attitudes, and practices of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences food services staff toward food hygiene. A questionnaire consisting of 46 questions was completed by 40 food services staff from February to March 2019. Based on the results, respondents had an acceptable awareness (92.5% to 100% general sanitary awareness and 37.5% to 95% awareness about microbial food hazards), excellent attitudes (97.5% to 100%), and moderate practices regarding food hygiene (17.5% to 97.5%). Although all participants had a relatively high level of awareness and attitude and participated in food safety education courses, their practices were somewhat poor.