bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As vogais pretônicas do Kabuverdianu do Príncipe
Authors: Freitas Shirley
Published: October 2024

Este trabalho enfoca o kabuverdianu do Príncipe e descreve suas vogais pretônicas, comparando-as com as tônicas. Como corpus para este estudo, foram utilizados dados coletados no Príncipe em 2018 e os pressupostos teóricos são a Fonética Acústica e descrições prévias do kabuverdianu de Santiago, ilha de procedência da maior parte dos migrantes (Carreira, 1983). As vogais pretônicas foram divididas entre orais e nasais. Os segmentos pretônicos orais encontrados foram [i, e, ɛ, ə, ɐ, a, ɔ, o, u], que, em comparação com as vogais tônicas, duram menos (com a diferença sendo em média 30 milissegundos) e são mais centralizados. Quanto às vogais com o traço nasal, não foi registrada a aplicação da nasalidade heterossilábica (com as consoantes [m] e [n] na sílaba seguinte), sendo encontradas as realizações [i, e, ə, ɐ, a, o, u]. Considerando a nasalidade tautossilábica, foram encontradas as realizações [ĩ, ẽ, ɛ̃, ə̃, ɐ̃, õ]. Das 20 ocorrências de pretônicas nasalizadas, em 17, o murmúrio se fez presente tanto diante de fricativas quanto de oclusivas. As vogais pretônicas nasalizadas tiveram uma duração maior do que suas contrapartes orais, o que, juntamente com a presença do murmúrio nasal, podem ser apontados como indicativos da natureza bifonêmica da vogal nasal (/VN/). Em suma, os dados analisados trazem novidades com relação às descrições de Santiago (como a presença de 3 vogais centrais), o que revela a importância de estudar diferentes variedades e contribui para um maior entendimento da realidade linguística do Príncipe.
Popülizmi Tanımlamak: Olguya Farklı Yaklaşımlara İlişkin bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Karagöz Melik
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, okuyucuya literatürdeki farklı popülizm yaklaşımlarına ilişkin genel bilgi vermek ve bu yaklaşımlara dair kapsamlı bir tartışma ve karşılaştırma olanağı sunmaktır. Bu amaçla, bu çalışma karşılaştırmalı bir yöntemle literatürdeki farklı ve en çok kullanılan popülizm yaklaşımlarının teorik bir incelemesini gerçekleştirmekte ve her birinin belirli bir popülizm vakasını açıklayabilme konusunda güçlü ve zayıf yönlerini tartışmaktadır. Bu bağlamda ifade edilmelidir ki her bir yaklaşımın yöntemsel avantajları olmakla birlikte, hiçbiri belli bir popülizm olgusunu bütün yönleriyle açıklayamamaktadır. Bu nedenle belli bir popülizm olgusunu açıklamada sabit bir yaklaşım benimsemekten ziyade, farklı yaklaşımların açıklayıcı niteliklerinden bir arada faydalanmak, kapsamlı analitik değerlendirme olanakları sunabilecek ve tek bir yaklaşıma odaklanarak incelenen olgunun farklı boyutlarını gözden kaçırma riskini azaltacaktır. Sonuç olarak popülizmi açıklamaya koyulan ve özellikle son yıllarda sıkça kullanılan yaklaşımlar kendi başlarına mükemmel olmaktan oldukça uzaktır. Bu sebeple olgular açıklanmaya çalışılırken eklektik bir yaklaşımı benimsemek popülizmin esnek doğasına uygun olacak, analiz edilen olgunun sadece belirli yönlerine odaklanmaktan ziyade, olgunun olabildiğince fazla boyutunu açıklama kapasitesini arttıracaktır.
Elaboração e validação de tecnologia educacional sobre inserção de DIU no pós-parto
Authors: Longen Angela Maria , Paiva Daniele Socorro de Brito Souza
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: A elaboração e validação de uma tecnologia educacional (TE) sobre a inserção do dispositivo intrauterino (DIU) no pós-parto é essencial para enfrentar os desafios do planejamento familiar no Brasil, onde as taxas de gestações não planejadas são altas. Portanto, o estudo teve como objetivo elaborar e validar uma tecnologia educacional (TE) sobre inserção de dispositivo intrauterino (DIU) no pós-parto Métodos: Este estudo metodológico consistiu em quatro fases: revisão da literatura, desenvolvimento de um vídeo educativo, validação de conteúdo e aparência, e teste-piloto com parturientes. Resultados: A TE foi avaliada por 10 juízes especialistas, obtendo um índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC) de 99%. No teste-piloto com 34 parturientes, a TE foi aprovada e considerada uma ferramenta importante para a promoção da saúde, permitindo que as mulheres tenham informações precisas sobre o DIU no pós-parto e possam fazer escolhas informadas sobre seu planejamento familiar. Conclusão: Essa tecnologia foi disponibilizada para uso na Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará, facilitando a educação em saúde e possibilitando um planejamento familiar eficaz.
Factors influencing delayed cancer health seeking in Meghalaya, Northeast India: A qualitative study
Authors: Dkhar Barilin , Khongwir Carmenia , Mawrie Uniqueky Gratis , Pohsnem Fellicita , Dhar Redolen Rose , Mawlong Anisha , Sarkar Rajiv , Nongrum Melari Shisha , Albert Sandra
Published: October 2024

Background & objectives

India accounts for about seven per cent of the global cancer burden with the highest cancer incidence reported from the North-Eastern Region (NER), including Meghalaya. Despite this, there is paucity of published studies on health seeking behaviour for cancer in the NER. To address this gap, this study used a qualitative approach to document patient, caregiver and provider perspectives to understand the factors influencing healthcare seeking for cancers in Meghalaya.

Methods

In-depth interviews were undertaken with 37 individuals diagnosed with one of the top five cancers in Meghalaya, namely, oesophageal, breast, oral, cervical and lung cancer. They were identified from the State referral cancer hospital. Twelve caregivers and five healthcare providers were also interviewed. All interviews were conducted in the local language using semi-structured interview guides. Transcripts were translated to English, coded, categorized and analyzed using thematic framework content analysis approach.

Results

A key factor influencing delayed cancer treatment in Meghalaya included misconceptions regarding the causes of cancer and cultural concepts such as bih and skai (Khasi language), i.e. notions of a figurative ‘poison’ or ill intent that makes one susceptible to illness. A general reluctance to discuss cancer diagnoses, perceived stigma, apprehension of treatment methods influenced their decision. Other factors included negligence and misinterpretation of early symptoms of cancer, self-management, preference for traditional medicines, financial constraints and health system-related factors.

Interpretation & conclusions

This study underscores the importance of addressing barriers to cancer diagnosis and treatment in indigenous populations in northeast India, advocating for culturally appropriate messaging, capacity building for healthcare workers, integration of traditional healers, and community involvement to enhance early healthcare seeking and improve outcomes.
Navigating investigator-initiated clinical trials: A call for guidelines & monitoring frameworks from an Indian context
Authors: Kumar Gunjan , Cherian Jerin Jose , Mathur Roli , Mukherjee Aparna
Published: October 2024

Investigator-initiated clinical trials – also known as non-regulatory or academic clinical trials, are conducted by investigators from academia or research organizations. They usually aim to address scientific questions with insufficient commercial implications and generate real-world applicable solutions, unlike trials sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry which are primarily focused on marketing approval of products that have a commercial value. For the trial results to be credible, adhering to robust methodology and the highest quality standards is paramount. Currently, investigator-initiated clinical trials in India are beyond the purview of the national regulatory authority. They are guided mainly by the National Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical and Health Research Involving Human Participants, 2017 published by Indian Council of Medical Research. They lack an accepted framework for review, conduct, monitoring, reporting of adverse events, and participant compensation. Considering this scenario, we discuss the challenges faced in an investigator initiated clinical trial and explore plausible solutions.
Assessment of Maximum Temperature for Future Time Series over Aurangabad, Maharashtra State, India
Authors: Barokar Yogesh , Pradhan Vijaya
Published: October 2024

Climatic downscaling is an important tool used by many researchers in the field of climate to downscale climatic data available for global area to study the impacts of climate on smaller area. In climatic downscaling, there are mainly two types: 1) Statistical Downscaling and 2) Dynamical Downscaling. In the present study, statistical downscaling has been performed using SDSM (Statistical Downscaling Model) to find out future values of maximum temperatures (Tmax) over Aurangabad region (Latitude: 19.8911° N, Longitude: 75.1545° E). For this downscaling, CanESM2 (Canadian Earth System Model) CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) GCM (General Circulation Model) were selected and downscaling was performed under three different RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways): RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. Downscaling model is calibrated and validated successfully over the baseline period 1961-2005 and results are presented graphically as well as statistically. Future downscaling values of maximum temperatures are presented with the help of three future time series: 2020s (2011-2040), 2050s (2041-2070) and 2080s (2071-2099) and it is observed that there is increase in the values of Tmax for the future time series with respect to the baseline period. Further the heat maps are developed for increasing monthly mean daily Tmax values under three RCPs with respect to the baseline period over the duration 2006 to 2013 and compared with increased observed monthly mean daily Tmax values over the same duration. This comparison has been done to assess the pattern of increasing monthly mean daily Tmax of downscaling results over Aurangabad region. All three RCPs are showing increasing values of monthly mean daily Tmax values for the selected three future time series with respect to the baseline period. Decade wise study of downscaling results is also showing increasing values of mean monthly daily Tmax with respect to the baseline period. Tmax values are predicted to be increased under RCP 2.6 by 1.10 0C, under RCP 4.5 by 2.13 0C and under RCP 8.5 by 4.20 0C at the end of 2099 which follows the prediction given by IPCC for global level temperature rise up to 2100.
Chemical and Green Synthesis, Characterization, Electrical and Antimicrobial Activity of ZrO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Babu K. , Umamaheswari N. , Monisha B.
Published: October 2024

ZrO2 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using a chemical and green synthesis method. Their structural, morphological, optical, anti microbial and electrochemical properties were characterized. The green and chemical synthesis of ZrO2 was achieved by using the ethanolic extract and NaOH as reagents. XRD analysis confirmed the ZrO2 nanoparticles' tetragonal crystal phase. The surface morphological properties under the phases of nucleation, growth and aggregation as well as elementary composition were confirmed by SEM and EDS. The Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) analysis was used to investigate into the functional groups that were present in the molecules of the synthesized nanomaterials. The presence of zirconium oxide nanoparticles with an optical band gap value between 4.73 and 5.48 eV was confirmed by the absorption spectra at 226-232 nm Antimicrobial studies showed that ZrO2 nanoparticles had bactericidal activity at a dose of 10 g/mL against Proteus vulgaris, Eschericia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. The overall results of this study showed that ZrO2 NPs with excellent bioremediation and antibacterial characteristics were formed. The electrochemical behavior of both ZrO2 nano particles was examined using cyclic voltammetry studies were observed. The maximum enhanced specific capacitance value at a 10 mV/s scan rate.
Методические подходы к структурированию содержания обучения информатике в начальной школе с использованием дидактических игр
Authors: Корнилов В.С. , Морозова С.В.
Published: October 2024

В статье излагаются научнометодические аспекты формирования содержания учебного курса информатики с использованием дидактических игр, адресованных ученикам начальной школы. Для наглядности приводятся учебные задания с поэтапным объяснением и полученными результатами.

The article presents the scientific and methodological aspects of the formation of the content of the educational course of Informatics using didactic games addressed to primary school students. For clarity, the training tasks are given with a stepbystep explanation and the results obtained.
Приложения для мобильного обучения: искусство возможного
Authors: Азевич А.И.
Published: October 2024

В статье описываются возможности мобильных приложений, применяемых в учебном процессе, а также рассматриваются базовые и продвинутые функции смартфонов, открывающие новые практики в образовании и способствующие повышению качества знаний школьников.

The article describes the possibilities of mobile applications used in the educational process, as well as discusses the basic and advanced functions of smartphones, opening new practices in education and contributing to improving the quality of knowledge of students.
Информатизация обучения будущих учителей математики линейной алгебре как фактор развития ИКТ-компетентности
Authors: Корнилов В.С. , Карымсакова А.Ж.
Published: October 2024

В статье акцентируется внимание читателя на том, что применение компьютерных математических пакетов в процессе обучения будущих учителей математики линейной алгебре способствует развитию у них ИКТкомпетентности.

The article focuses the readers attention on the fact that the use of computer mathematical packages in the process of teaching future teachers of mathematics linear algebra contributes to the development of their ICT competence.
Отражение философских идей Вл. Соловьева в романе И.А. Новикова «Между двух зорь (Дом Орембовских)»
Authors: Калинина К.С.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматривается роман И.А. Новикова «Между двух зорь (Дом Орембовских)» в контексте философии Вл. Соловьева, идеи которого воплотились в произведении и определили выбор заглавия и его специфику. Следуя Вл. Соловьеву, убежденному в том, что фундаментом бытия человека является духовное начало, И.А. Новиков материализует идеи философа в художественном повествовании, сосредоточившись на основополагающих категориях «духовный путь», «вера» и «любовь».

The paper regards the novel «Between two dawns (The Rembowski’s house)» by I.A. Novikov in the framework of Vl. Solovyov’s philosophy, whose ideas were embodied in the artwork and determined the actual choice of the title and its specific features. Following Vl. Solovyov’s concepts of spirit lying in the core of human being, I.A. Novikov incorporates the principal categories of «spiritual path», «faith» and «love» together with other notions of philosopher into his narration.
СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ А.К. ТОЛСТЫМ РАЗГОВОРНОЙ И ПРОСТОРЕЧНОЙ ЛЕКСИКИ В ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ ОБ ЭПОХЕ ИВАНА ГРОЗНОГО
Authors: Вороничев О.Е.
Published: October 2024

В отборе и употреблении разговорных и просторечных слов в произведениях об эпохе Ивана Грозного А.К. Толстой следовал лучшим образцам русской исторической беллетристики, созданным Пушкиным, Лермонтовым и Гоголем. Он черпает из народной речи, фольклора, документальных источников и умело употребляет в поэтических текстах исторических баллад и драм актуальные разговорные и негрубые просторечные слова. В романе Князь Серебряный и нескольких прозаических сценах драматической трилогии Толстой более смело и частотно вводит в речь персонажей разговорные и просторечные слова, также сохраняя жанровостилистическое единство текста.

In the trilogy The Death of Ivan the Terrible, Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich, Tsar Boris and Prince Serebryany novel set inRussia shortly before the Time of Trouble A.K. Tolstoy skillfully uses colloquialisms and vernacularisms typical of folk speech as an expressive stylistic tool to depict the epoch of Ivan the Terrible. In the mid 19th century, when these novels were written, there was no clearcut definition of colloquial and slang language. Employing colloquialisms and slangisms A.K. Tolstoy develops traditions of historical fiction shaped by A.S. Pushkin, M.Y. Lermontov and N.V. Gogol. Within the frame of historical genre, along with obsolete words A.K. Tolstoy borrows characteristic colloquialisms and slangisms from the vernacular, folklore, nonfiction sources. The language of A.K. Tolstoys historical novels does not sound conspicuously archaic or unreasonably modern. Heavy use of colloquialisms and vernacularisms, including vulgarisms and dialectisms by the common people in the historical novel Prince Serebryany and a few scenes of the drama trilogy is justified by the genre, the context and at the same time is absolutely consistent with the norms of the literary language of the 19th century genre. Colloquialisms and vernacularisms are also used to characterize speech patterns of the upper social groups romantic characters like prince Nikita Romanovich Serebryany, prince Ivan Petrovich Shujsky or boyar ZakharjinYuriev. Overall, A.K. Tolstoys idiosyncratic approach to portraying realistic characters in historical prose made a significant contribution to establishing the principles of realism in the Russian literature.
Метод унификации типов пневмораспределителей
Authors: Костенко А.В.
Published: October 2024

При проектировании пневматических систем наибольшую трудность представляет выбор распределителей с требуемыми расходными характеристиками и быстродействием. Многообразие распределителей повышает уровень сложности пневмосистем, увеличивает и усложняет процесс проектирования, а также приводит к необходимости иметь их запасы на складе потребителя, которые зачастую остаются невостребованными. Для решения проблемы разработан универсальный модульный распределитель с электроуправлением, позволяющий при параллельно-последовательном подключении модулей получать все типы распределителей. Решение — новый нестандартный тип золотникового, моностабильного (с «пневматической пружиной») распределителя 3*/2, подразумевающий наличие одного входящего и двух отводящих каналов. Предлагаемая модель распределителя — это универсальная система для покрытия потребностей в пневмоавтоматике. Элементная база позволяет гибко подобрать оптимальный уровень автоматизации без лишних затрат на ее изменение и усовершенствование. Использование всего одного варианта распределителя сокращает производственные расходы на разных этапах от проектирования до модернизации, а также позволяет изменять его стандартные функции в любое время.
ВЛИЯНИЕ СПОСОБОВ ОСНОВНОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ ЧЕРНОЗЕМА ТИПИЧНОГО НА УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ СОИ В СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОЧНОМ РЕГИОНЕ ЦЧР
Authors: Вислобокова Л. Н. , Воронцов В. А. , Скорочкин Ю. П.
Published: October 2024

Исследования проводили в 2012–2017 гг. в стационарном полевом опыте Тамбовского НИИСХ с целью изучения особенностей продукционного процесса сои и его зависимости от способов основной обработки почвы и средств химизации. Объектом исследований был сорт сои Аннушка. Выявлено, что из изученных факторов на урожайность сои наиболее заметное влияние оказывают средства защиты растений, затем –удобрения. Основная обработка почвы существенно не влияет на урожайность культуры. В технологиях возделывания сои наряду с отвальной вспашкой возможно применение обработок почвы без оборота пласта.

The research was carried out during 2012–2017 instationary field experiment of the Tambov Research Institute of Agriculture to study the characteristics of production process of soybean and its dependence on basic tillage methods of soil and chemicals. The objects of the research were soybean varieties Annushka. It was revealed that from the studied factors the most signifi cant influence on soybean yield have means of protection of plants, then applying fertilizer. The main tillage did not signifi cantly affect upon soybean yield. In technology of soybean cultivation along with plowing soil may use treatments of the soil without turning the layer.
Averaging of the model of a chemical process in a catalyst layer with a spherical grain
Authors: Yazovtseva O.S. , Gubaydullin I.M. , Lapshin I.G.
Published: October 2024

The article presents a comparative analysis of models of a non-stationary chemical process using the example of burning coke sedimentation from a catalyst layer with a spherical grain. The first model is obtained by averaging the heat conductivity equation for a spherical catalyst grain. The second is the averaging of the entire grain model, including the diffusion-reaction equations. The comparative analysis showed good consistency of the results under conditions of low concentrations of reagents, small catalyst grains and high process temperatures with a significant reduction in calculation time for the first model. It was found necessary to take into account intradiffusion inhibition at the case of a high reagent concentrations. It causes the occurrence of a concentration gradient along the radius of the catalyst grain at the initial stages of the process.

В статье представлен сравнительный анализ моделей нестационарного химического процесса на примере выжига коксовых отложений из слоя катализатора со сферической формой зерна. Первая модель получена осреднением уравнения теплопроводности для сферического зерна катализатора. Вторая - осреднением всей модели зерна, включая уравнения диффузии-реакции. Сравнительный анализ показал хорошую согласованность результатов в условиях низких концентрациях реагентов, малом зерне катализатора и высоких температурах течения процесса при существенном сокращении времени расчета для первой модели. При высоких концентрациях реагента выявлена необходимость учета внутридиффузионного торможения, обуславливающего возникновение градиента концентраций по радиусу зерна катализатора на начальных этапах процесса.
Combination of Implementation of Antiphase and Overcurrent Relays for Protection of 0.75 kW Three-Phase Induction Motor in Industry
Authors: Tri Atmojo Purbo Widagdo , Amirullah Amirullah
Published: October 2024

Three-phase induction motors are the most widely used type of motor in industry. These motor operations are generally susceptible to unbalanced voltage disturbances. This interference is caused by the loss of one or two phases on the input side of the motor. This source voltage disturbance then causes an unbalanced current which flows to the coil, causing a phase shift, overheating the coil, and if left for a long time, it causes the motor to burn out. The research aims to design and implement a combination of antiphase relay (APR) and overcurrent relay (OCR) to prevent voltage drops due to failure of one or two phases and overcurrent to prevent overheating and fires in three-phase induction motor coils. Motor testing is carried out by adjusting the magnitude of the three-phase motor source voltage in three testing stages, i.e., tests A, B, and C, under no-fault conditions, 1-phase open and 2-phase open conditions respectively. The direct test results are then validated with ETAP simulations. In direct testing, A, B, and C can produce a current and relay working time of 6 A-31.04 s, 7.1 A-20.98 s, and 8.3 A-14.93, respectively. Meanwhile, testing using ETAP simulation can produce current and relay working times of 6A-31.366 s, 7A-20.599 s, and 8A-14.822 s respectively. The combination of an APR and an OCR can detect and interrupt voltage drops and overload currents in systems connected to 0.75 kW three-phase induction motors in the industry.
Dose Adjustments in Renal Failure: Does the Dettli Formula Need an Update Moving Away from Linearity?
Authors:   SCHOLZ Data Bank, Founder, Department for Medical-Pharmaceutical Information, USA, Scholz Wolfgang
Published: October 2024

Chronical Kidney Disease (CKD) causes deterioration of renal function with reduction of glomerular filtration (GFR). Drugs which are mainly excreted through the kidney have reduced renal elimination (Clrenal) in CKD. For decades dosage adjustments for these drugs have been computed based on GFR and clearance measurement of biomarker serum creatinine (Clcr), respectively, and according to the rule of Dettli [1-3] where the appropriate dose D compared to the normal dose (Dnorm) may be assessed through the individual elimination fraction Q:
Factors influencing regional disparities in online shopping
Authors: Olumekor M.
Published: October 2024

Online shopping has grown exponentially in the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as RF, Russia) in recent years. This growth has significantly accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, data shows that there are inter-regional disparities in the use of online shopping. This includes intergenerational and rural-urban disparities. This study investigates the factors responsible for inter-regional differences in the development of online shopping in Russia. The author has identified 5 main factors that can influence the development: internet infrastructure (measured by regional expenses for the introduction of digital technologies and the number of connected mobile subscribers), economic wealth (measured by gross regional product), standard of living (measured by the population income), rate of poverty, and the region’s population. The research uses data of the Federal State Statistics Service and Association of Internet Trade Companies to analyse 85 regions in the RF. A multi-level regression analysis has enabled examination of the 5 factors and the contextual influence of 8 federal districts of Russia in level 2. The results show that internet infrastructure, economic wealth, population size, and the 8 federal districts has influenced the development of online shopping in the RF, but standard of living is not statistically significant. The author recommends that policymakers pay attention to these underlying factors.
A Rapid-heating Copper Block Reactor System for Improved Isothermal Kinetics of Polyethylene Pyrolysis
Authors: Alzailaie Abdulrahman , Alshankiti Ibrahim , Babkoor Mohammed , Loiland Jason , Schucker Robert
Published: October 2024

Developing continuous-flow pyrolysis reactors is essential to meet the increasing demand for plastic pyrolysis oil. The literature reports approximately 200 kinetic studies on the pyrolysis of polyethylene (PE) across around 50 papers. The reported activation energies vary significantly from 42 to 586 kJ/mol. Most of these studies use non-isothermal thermogravimetric (TG) equipment or batch systems, both with prolonged heating times, affecting kinetic measurements as significant polymer reactions occur before reaching the isothermal temperature. We present a novel, affordable, copper-based semi-batch reactor system that reaches the set temperature within three minutes. Through simulation, we demonstrate the superiority of this system over the commonly used stainless-steel reactors. We utilized this system to measure the isothermal kinetics of PE pyrolysis at temperatures between 411and 449 °C. Employing a discrete lump methodology, we identified a five-lump reaction model: three polymer chains (S1, S2, S3), liquid (L), and gas (G), with reactions progressing in series and then in parallel. The initial decomposition steps exhibited similar activation energies of 360±17 and 357±06 kJ/mol, showing the insignificance of molecular weight on initial PE pyrolysis rate. The parallel paths producing liquid and gas had activation energies of 288±02 and 179±13 kJ/mol, respectively, with an average of 234 kJ/mol, matching the literature TG non-isothermal median. The proposed system facilitates an accurate isothermal kinetic data measurement that can be used in designing improved continuous-flow reactor systems for plastics pyrolysis to achieve global sustainability goals.
Visible Light-Driven Excited-State Copper-BINAP Catalysis for Accessing Diverse Chemical Reactions
Authors: Mukherjee Upasana , Shah Jagrut , Ngai Ming-Yu
Published: October 2024

The use of visible light to drive chemical transformations has a history spanning over a century. However, the development of photo-redox catalysts to efficiently harness light energy is a more recent advancement, evolving over the past two decades. While ruthenium and iridium-based photocatalysts dominate due to their photostability, long excited-state lifetimes, and high redox potentials, concerns about sustainability and cost have shifted attention to first-row transition metals. Luminescent Cu(I) complexes have emerged as promising alternatives, offering open-shell reactivity and tunable photoelectrochemical properties. This review (i) provides an overview of the structural, photophysical, and electrochemical properties governing copper(I) complexes; (ii) highlights advances in Cu(I)-BINAP catalysis for carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formations under mild conditions; and (iii) analyzes the trajectory of this catalytic system, addressing challenges and identifying opportunities for further development.
Is BigSMILES the Friend of Polymer Machine Learning?
Authors: Qiu Haoke , Sun Zhao-Yan
Published: October 2024

Computational methods, particularly machine learning (ML), have significantly advanced the development of innovative polymers across sectors such as aerospace, environmental science, healthcare, and green energy. Traditionally, the Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES) notation has been the standard for representing polymer structures within ML workflows. However, the intrinsic randomness of polymers has long hindered the effectiveness of SMILES in representation learning. Recently, the introduction of BigSMILES and its extensions has facilitated a more versatile and concise representation of polymer structures. Nevertheless, whether BigSMILES outperforms SMILES in polymer ML workflows remains an open question that warrants systematic investigation. To address this gap, we conducted comprehensive experiments to evaluate the performance of BigSMILES against SMILES, utilizing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and large language models (LLMs) across various polymer property prediction and inverse design tasks. Here we show that in 12 distinct tasks involving both copolymer and homopolymer systems, BigSMILES-based ML workflows demonstrate performance that is comparable to, if not superior to, that of SMILES. We found that due to its more compact character representation, BigSMILES enables shorter training times compared to SMILES. Despite the use of a more concise representation, BigSMILES is capable of conveying critical chemical information and monomer connectivity (for copolymers) more accurately within the LLM framework. Our results demonstrate the potential of BigSMILES in modeling complex polymers, paving the way for sophisticated cross-scale polymer ML modeling using advanced representations such as BigSMILES. We anticipate that this work serves as a starting point for facilitating the modeling of more complex polymer systems using ML, such as copolymers and polymer composites. For instance, by employing advanced polymer representation methods, it is possible to fully account for polymer chain structures, aggregate structures, and processing factors, thereby establishing more accurate polymer-property relationships than those based on SMILES, including property prediction and polymer generation across various polymer types.
Ultra-Dense, Highly Ordered and Thermally Stable Anthracene Monolayers on Ag(111) – The Impact of the Anchoring Group
Authors: Kruk Monika , Cegiełka Daria , Wróbel Mateusz , Zharnikov Michael , Cyganik Piotr
Published: October 2024

The growth of high-quality and high charge mobility thin films of organic semiconductors, such as pentacene, is a prerequisite for numerous organic electronics applications. As demonstrated before for the gold electrodes, these parameters can be significantly improved by the use of anthracenethiol or -selenol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as an interfacial template layer. Here, we show that the use of silver instead of gold and carboxylate instead of thiol/selenol allows to fabricate anthracene monolayers with unprecedently high packing density, which even exceeds that in the anthracene single crystal and for the first time provides structure commensurate with the pentacene single crystal. Moreover, we show that these modifications lead to a radical improvement in the thermal stability of anthracene-based SAMs. The obtained results open up the possibility of using carboxylate-anchored anthracene monolayers on silver as a molecular template for facilitating the growth of high-quality anthracene and pentacene films for organic electronics.
EEEV interferes with synaptic guidance and transmission via the SRCR/Ephrin RBD/Granulins/Sema and potassium channel-like systems
Authors: liu wenzhong , li hualan
Published: October 2024

Researching the EEEV virus is challenging due to the virus's high lethality and significant risk. This study employed bioinformatics methods for domain search to investigate the pathogenesis and infection process of the EEEV virus P protein. The results demonstrated that the EEEV virus P protein contains domains that bind cholesterol/very low density lipoprotein, such as SRCR and lipid-binding serum glycoprotein. It also contains domains that interfere with synaptic guidance and transmission, such as ARF7 effector protein C-terminal, BAR, Ephrin RBD, Granulins, MHD1, Sema, TLC, transient receptor ion channel, ionotropic glutamate receptor, and voltage-dependent calcium channel alpha-2. Lastly, it contains domains that bind potassium ions, such as neurotransmitter-gated ion channel ligand-binding and neurotransmitter-gated ion channel transmembrane. This study reveals that the P protein of the EEEV virus binds to the synaptic membrane through the cholesterol/very low density lipoprotein domain. Then, it controls the activity of Ca2+ channels to make synaptic depolarization potentials or hyperpolarization potentials. These change how easily postsynaptic nerves can fire and mess up synaptic guidance. Then, similar to a potassium-ion transmembrane nerve channel, it inserts into the synaptic membrane. Its potassium ion channel function activates when bound to neurotransmitter ligands, directing the synaptic membrane to produce vesicles that encapsulate the EEEV virus and internalize it into the synapse.
О брауэровых решетках $\omega$-веерных формаций конечных групп
Authors: Максаков Серафим Павлович , Сорокина Марина Михайловна
Published: October 2024

Рассматриваются только конечные группы и классы конечных групп. Классом групп называется всякая совокупность групп, содержащая с каждой группой $G$ и все группы изоморфные $G$. В работе изучаются формации, т.е. классы групп, замкнутые относительно гомоморфных образов и подпрямых произведений. Цель работы - исследование решеточных свойств $\omega$-веерных формаций, где $\omega$ - непустое множество простых чисел. В работе установлены достаточные условия, при которых брауэрова решетка $\omega \delta F (\frak F)$ всех $\omega$-веерных подформаций с произвольным направлением $\delta$ заданной формации $\frak F$ является стоуновой решеткой. В качестве следствий из основной теоремы вытекают результаты для $\omega$-локальных, локальных и других видов формаций.

Only finite groups and classes of finite groups are considered. A class of groups is a set of groups that, with each group $G$, contains all groups isomorphic to $G$. In this paper we study formations, i.e. classes of groups that are closed under homomorphic images and subdirect products. The purpose of this paper is to research the lattice properties of $\omega$-fibered formations where $\omega$ is a non-empty set of primes. Sufficient conditions, under which the Brouwer lattice $\omega \delta F (\frak F)$ of all $\omega$-fibered subformations with an arbitrary direction $\delta$ of a given formation $\frak F$ is a Stone lattice, are established. As corollaries of the main theorem, results for $\omega$-local, local formations and other types of formations imply.
Humanitarian engineering: a transformation to engineering education to serve the most vulnerable sectors of Colombian society
Authors: Lucena Juan
Published: October 2024

This paper describes how engineering education can be transformed to serve Colombia’s most vulnerable sectors of its society. But first, before proposing and transformation, faculty and students are invited to understand engineering education and practice in the context of historical and political processes that shape and condition the priorities, problems, and needs attended by engineers. Second, once they understand engineering as a historical and political phenomenon, faculty and students are invited to a critical self-reflection of engineering mindsets and attitudes to assess the necessary changes that must take place to put engineering education and practice to the service of society’s most vulnerable communities. Third, the paper proposes normative frameworks for socially responsible engineering (SRE), that goes beyond engineering ethics, and for engineering for sustainable community development (ESCD) that goes beyond well-intentioned engineering for community projects. Finally, the paper shares examples of how these critical reflections and frameworks have been institutionalized in curricula, projects, and innovative pedagogies in the Humanitarian Engineering (HE) program at Colorado School of Mines and how these could become part of HE-Colombia, a national initiative to put engineering to the service of Colombia’s most vulnerable communities.
Modelo estratégico para la gestión de la investigación en la Universidad Nacional
Authors: María Muñoz Adriana , Elena Orrego Dora , Carlos Escudero Juan , Lezcano Luis Alfonso , Ramírez Juan
Published: October 2024

Con el propósito de presentar algunas soluciones a la problemática de la gestión de la investigación en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia - UNAL, se presenta en este trabajo el modelo de gestión que incluye las dimensiones estratégica y operativa. En la UNAL se pasa de un modelo centralizado a un modelo descentralizado, incluyente y ágil, y con su implementación se logra: estandarización y automatización de procesos en el Sistema de Investigación UNAL; agilidad y eficiencia en los procesos; minimización de riesgos; mayor presencia en las regiones, orientada a la solución de problemas; generación de sinergias con diferentes actores, a través de alianzas y redes; mayor flujo de recursos; posicionamiento de la investigación UNAL a nivel nacional e internacional; contribución a la política de cero papel. A partir de la aplicación de este modelo descentralizado se incluyen dos casos de éxito, con proyectos de investigación financiados con recursos de regalías de Minciencias.
RedssApp una herramienta efectiva para la gestión de la cadena de suministro 4.0
Authors: Madariaga Escobar Jesús , Regino Edna Esteban , Cogollo Esteban Margarita
Published: October 2024

Como antecedentes se conoce sobre la necesidad de fortalecer el sector social y solidario en Colombia, destacando la importancia de la asociatividad solidaria para promover el desarrollo, la equidad y la paz en el país, en el sector se ha identificado la falta de información centralizada y accesible sobre las organizaciones de Economía Solidaria como un obstáculo para su visibilidad y crecimiento, a partir de allí se desarrolló la aplicación móvil RedssApp la cual permite mapear y validar las experiencias significativas de la asociatividad solidaria, facilitando la recopilación de datos relevantes para apoyar la creación de Territorios Asociativos Solidarios, dicha aplicación se ha considerado de gran utilidad para aplicarla y validarla dentro de la Red de Integración Económica Digital de Organizaciones Solidarias en Córdoba, como resultado se pudo que establecer que esta herramienta también podría facilitar el seguimiento de la cadena de suministro 4.0, por lo anterior la presente investigación se basa en realizar una revisión bibliométrica desde la metodología Prisma que consiste en un conjunto de directrices que proporcionan una estructura detallada para mejorar la presentación y calidad de las revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis en la literatura científica. Consta de tres fases esenciales: Identificación, Resumen y Justificación. En la fase de Identificación se determina si la publicación es una revisión sistemática, un metaanálisis o ambos. La fase de Resumen requiere un resumen estructurado que incluye antecedentes, objetivos, fuente de datos, criterios de elegibilidad, evaluación de estudios y métodos de síntesis, resultados, limitaciones, conclusiones e implicaciones. Por último, la fase de Justificación implica explicar los resultados en relación con otras evidencias y su importancia para futuras investigaciones (G. Urrútia & X. Bonfill, 2010). Con el fin de profundizar en el conocimiento de las características de la cadena de suministro 4.0, para la búsqueda documental se establecieron las palabras claves (cadena de suministro 4.0, aplicación móvil y economía solidaria), los primeros resultados arrojan que la cadena de suministro debería ser vista como un sistema de sistemas relacionados con el resto del mundo que requiere un enfoque de gestión eficiente en lugar de simplemente la aplicación de tecnologías digitales, como adoptar big data, computación en la nube, blockchain, impresión 3D y realidad aumentada.
Manual práctico para la medición del SO1
Authors: Quiroga Quiroga Óscar , Ortega Homero , Amaya Palacio José Alejandro
Published: October 2024

El manual práctico para la medición del SO1 es una guía diseñada para ayudar a los profesores de la Escuela de Ingenierías Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Telecomunicaciones (E3T) de la Universidad Industrial de Santander, a crear y aplicar instrumentos de medición que cumplan con los estándares de acreditación de ABET. Este manual es parte de un conjunto de recursos que buscan asegurar la confiabilidad y coherencia en la evaluación del desempeño estudiantil, alineándose con los procesos de mejora continua para la educación en ingeniería. El manual ofrece información sobre los conocimientos previos necesarios sobre el contexto del proceso de acreditación y de los Student Outcomes, en este caso enfatiza en el SO1 que es uno de los resultados de aprendizaje que ABET requiere que los programas de ingeniería evalúen y mejoren continuamente. Así mismo, proporciona una visión general de las herramientas y documentación disponibles para los profesores, con el objetivo de formar, medir y detectar áreas de mejora en la enseñanza. Finalmente, el manual también ofrece orientación detallada sobre cómo desarrollar y utilizar los instrumentos de medición para cada uno de los Indicadores de Desempeño (ID) relacionados con el SO1.
Análisis de la producción de hidrógeno a partir de electricidad excedente en el periodo fuera de punta de carga en el Paraguay
Authors: Contreras Torres Paola Andrea , Montes Páez Erik
Published: October 2024

ANÁLISIS DE LA PRODUCCIÓN DE HIDRÓGENO A PARTIR DE ELECTRICIDAD EXCEDENTE EN EL PERIODO FUERA DE PUNTA DE CARGA EN EL PARAGUAY Las centrales hidroeléctricas Itaipú, Yacyretá y Acaray suplen energía a varios países de Latinoamérica, uno de estos es Paraguay, el cual presenta la problemática de que su principal demandante es el sector residencial. Debido a esto se evidencia que la curva de carga entregada por la Administración Nacional de Electricidad (ANDE), posee un comportamiento irregular donde se generan valles de consumo, por lo cual en esta investigación se busca la mejor forma de aprovechar esta potencia desperdiciada es decir que producir con estos excedentes de electricidad. Se plantea así la producción de hidrógeno verde como la mejor alternativa para suplir con el desaprovechamiento de esta potencia, el cual, a diferencia de otras energías libres funciona como un vector energético al ser un puente en la transformación de energía ya que puede ser almacenado en grandes cantidades por largos periodos de tiempo. Para esto se toma un modelo matemático simulando un sistema de optimización para la obtención del hidrógeno por medio del proceso de electrólisis en el cual se grafican las condiciones de operación del electrizador de membrana de electrolito polimérico. Este es operado en Matlab con una codificación multiobjetivo donde se ingresan las variaciones de las densidades de corriente respecto a la franja horaria en la que se evalúe dicho proceso. Finalmente se analizaron los resultados con la optimización del modelo que cuando el excedente de electricidad es elevado se opera a bajas densidades de corriente y el impacto del costo de la electricidad disminuye. Sin embargo, cuando el excedente de electricidad es bajo conviene operar el electrolizador a altas densidades de corriente, esta relación directa entre densidad de corriente y costos de producción del hidrógeno sugiere lo importante de optimizar la operación de electrolizadores en función de la disponibilidad de energía. Se concluyó que este tipo de proyectos representa una iniciativa pionera y un modelo funcional para el desarrollo del hidrógeno como recurso energético en el Paraguay y competitivo con respecto a otros países de Latinoamérica.
Análisis relacional de variables decisorias en la planeación de viviendas de interés social
Authors: Gutiérrez Prada Jaime Andrés
Published: October 2024

Los proyectos de vivienda de interés social (VIS) son una iniciativa estratégica en Colombia, impulsada por el Ministerio de Vivienda, Ciudad y Territorio para mitigar el déficit habitacional, como se contempla en la Ley 1537 de 2012. Según proyecciones de la Cámara Colombiana de la Construcción (CAMACOL), en 2023 se iniciaron 167.632 nuevas viviendas, de las cuales 102.709 fueron catalogadas como VIS. A pesar de su importancia social, los desarrolladores de estos proyectos enfrentan desafíos significativos, incluyendo baja rentabilidad, sobrecostos y retrasos, mayormente debido a ineficiencias en la planificación. Optimizar los procesos de toma de decisiones es crucial para desarrollar proyectos VIS de manera efectiva y sostenible en Colombia. El análisis relacional de variables decisorias puede ser una herramienta muy útil en la planificación de proyectos VIS, involucrando planificación urbana, ciencias de la decisión y análisis de datos. Es imperativo comprender cómo las tecnologías emergentes de la cuarta revolución industrial, como la inteligencia artificial, el análisis de grandes volúmenes de datos y la automatización avanzada, pueden transformar las dinámicas de toma de decisiones. Los algoritmos de aprendizaje automático pueden predecir el impacto de diversos aspectos, como la infraestructura local, espacios verdes y servicios, en la demanda y precios de las viviendas, asistiendo a los planificadores en decisiones fundamentadas. Comprender la interacción entre estas variables es crucial para el éxito estratégico de los proyectos y la implementación de estas tecnologías. Este estudio introduce un marco metodológico para el análisis estructural de variables decisorias en la planificación de proyectos VIS en Colombia, aplicando técnicas de clasificación no supervisada junto con el método de Matriz de Impactos Cruzados-Multiplicación Aplicada a una Clasificación (MICMAC), basado en la experiencia de 24 expertos del sector. Este trabajo forma parte de una investigación más amplia que busca desarrollar herramientas de evaluación para las fases preliminares de los proyectos, mejorando la toma de decisiones al identificar las variables de mayor influencia. Se propone un enfoque innovador, tanto metodológico como analítico. Los resultados indican que la evaluación de oportunidades de negocio y las políticas organizacionales son los factores con mayor impacto en la toma de decisiones. Este modelo relacional podría facilitar el desarrollo de modelos predictivos avanzados, como redes bayesianas o neuronales, para analizar riesgos, tiempos y costos durante el desarrollo de proyectos VIS. Se espera que estos hallazgos impacten la práctica profesional, ofreciendo nuevas herramientas y estrategias para mejorar la efectividad y sostenibilidad de los proyectos VIS en Colombia y en otras regiones con desafíos similares.