bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dye-sensitized photocathodes for H2evolution
Authors: Gibson Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2017

The arguments for converting sunlight and H2O to H2to provide cleaner fuels and chemicals are very powerful.
Small molecule-induced cellular conversion
Authors: De Debojyoti , Halder Debasish , Shin Injae , Kim Kyeong Kyu
Published: August 2017

This review highlights recent advances made using small molecules that promote changes in the fate of cells.
Correction: Mono- and tri-ester hydrogenolysis using tandem catalysis. Scope and mechanism
Authors: Lohr Tracy L. , Li Zhi , Assary Rajeev S. , Curtiss Larry A. , Marks Tobin J.
Published: August 2017

Correction for ‘Mono- and tri-ester hydrogenolysis using tandem catalysis. Scope and mechanism’ by Tracy L. Lohr et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2016, 9, 550–564.
Ecotoxicological assessment of nanoparticle-containing acrylic copolymer dispersions in fairy shrimp and zebrafish embryos
Authors: Galloway Tamara S. , Dogra Yuktee , Garrett Natalie , Rowe Darren , Tyler Charles R. , Moger Julian , Lammer Eva , Landsiedel Robert , Sauer Ursula G. , Scherer Gertrud , Wohlleben Wendel , Wiench Karin
Published: August 2017

Nanoparticle-containing acrylic polymer dispersions showed virtually no acute aquatic toxicity in fairy shrimp and zebrafish embryos.
Plantics-GX: a biodegradable and cost-effective thermoset plastic that is 100% plant-based
Authors: Alberts Albert H. , Rothenberg Gadi
Published: August 2017

We recount here the story of the discovery and invention of a family of thermoset resins that are fully biodegradable and plant-based. The resin is prepared by polymerising glycerol, the simplest trialcohol, with citric acid, the simplest abundantly available triacid. Mixing these two chemicals at moderate temperatures begins a multi-step esterification that results in a network-like resin foam. The hardness, brittleness, and toughness of this resin can be controlled by changing the alcohol : acid ratio, the temperature, and the presence of additives. Remarkably, this resin is fully biodegradable, breaking down to its molecular components in water. The degradation period can be varied from a few days to a few months, depending on the degree of polymerisation. We have prepared over 800 different formulations of this new material, which is now being produced on the ton scale by Plantics BV in The Netherlands under the trade names Glycix and Plantics-GX. This resin is made from inexpensive and widely available starting materials. It is 100% biobased, non-toxic and biodegradable. Thus, it has the potential to replace petro-based thermoset polymers and foams in a variety of real-life applications.
Recent advances in new oxidizers for solid rocket propulsion
Authors: Trache Djalal , Klapötke Thomas M. , Maiz Lotfi , Abd-Elghany Mohamed , DeLuca Luigi T.
Published: August 2017

Recent progress in the synthesis and modification of green oxidizers and their application in solid rocket propellant formulations during these last few decades are reviewed.
Microfluidic generation of aqueous two-phase-system (ATPS) droplets by oil-droplet choppers
Authors: Zhou Chunmei , Zhu Pingan , Tian Ye , Tang Xin , Shi Rui , Wang Liqiu
Published: August 2017

We propose a microfluidic “oil-chopper” method to produce highly uniform ATPS droplets with well-controlled size and generation frequency.
An advanced selective liquid-metal plating technique for stretchable biosensor applications
Authors: Li Guangyong , Lee Dong-Weon
Published: August 2017

This paper presents a novel stretchable pulse sensor fabricated by a selective liquid-metal plating process (SLMP), which can conveniently attach to the human skin and monitor the patient's heartbeat.
Synthesis, photophysical and electrochemical properties and DSSC applications of triphenylamine chalcone dendrimers via click chemistry
Authors: Anandkumar Devaraj , Ganesan Shanmugam , Rajakumar Perumal , Maruthamuthu Pichai
Published: August 2017

Fluorene-cored dendrimers containing a triphenylamine chalcone unit at the periphery have been synthesized by click chemistry approach, and their photophysical and electrochemical properties have been investigated.
Visible light catalyzed Mannich reaction between tert-amines and silyl diazoenolates
Authors: Pramanik Mukund M. D. , Nagode Savita B. , Kant Ruchir , Rastogi Namrata
Published: August 2017

The present work documents the α-C–H functionalization of tertiary amines via the visible light catalyzed Mannich reaction with silyl diazoenolates.
CuCl-Catalyzed direct C–H alkenylation of benzoxazoles with allyl halides
Authors: Li Die , Wu Xin-Xing , Gao Tingyu , Li Baoguo , Chen Shufeng
Published: August 2017

An efficient and concise CuCl-catalyzed C2-alkenylation reaction of benzoxazoles with allyl halides has been established.
Gold–silver catalyzed straightforward one pot synthesis of pyrano[3,4-b]pyrrol-7(1H)-ones
Authors: Delaye P.-O. , Petrignet J. , Thiery E. , Thibonnet J.
Published: August 2017

The synthesis of pyrano[3,4-b]pyrrol-7(1H)-ones substituted in the 2- and 5-position proceeds via a one pot two step 5-endo-dig and 6-endo-dig cyclization catalyzed by a cationic gold complex with high regioselectivity.
Enhancing students' HOTS in laboratory educational activity by using concept map as an alternative assessment tool
Authors: A. Ghani I. B. , Ibrahim N. H. , Yahaya N. A. , Surif J.
Published: August 2017

Educational transformation in the 21st century demands in-depth knowledge and understanding in order to promote the development of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). However, the most commonly reported problem with respect to developing a knowledge of chemistry is poor mastery of basic concepts. Chemistry laboratory educational activities are shown to be less effective in developing an optimum conceptual understanding and HOTS among students. One factor is a lack of effective assessment and evaluation tools. Therefore, the primary focus of this study is to explore concept maps as an assessment tool in order to move students' thinking skills to a higher level during laboratory learning activities. An embedded mixed method design is used in this study, which has also employed a pre-experimental research design. This design triangulates quantitative and qualitative data, which are combined to strengthen the findings. A low-directed concept mapping technique, convergence scoring method, and pre-post laboratory concept map were used in this study. An electrolysis HOTS test was used as the research instrument in order to measure the level of student achievement with respect to high-level questions. In addition, the thought process that is involved when students construct concept maps has been explored and studied in detail by utilising a think-aloud protocol. Results showed a positive development towards understanding and higher level thinking skills in students with respect to electrolysis concepts learned through chemistry laboratory activities. An investigation of the students' thinking processes showed that high-achieving students were more capable of giving a content-based explanation of electrolysis and engaged in monitoring activities more often while building a concept map. Nonetheless, all categories of students managed to show a positive increase in the activities of explanation and monitoring during the construction of concept maps after they were exposed to the assessment tool in the laboratory learning activities. In conclusion, the assessment activity using concept maps in laboratory learning activities has a positive impact on students' understanding and stimulates students to increase their HOTS.
A novel image-based high-throughput screening assay discovers therapeutic candidates for adult polyglucosan body disease
Authors: Solmesky Leonardo J. , Khazanov Netaly , Senderowitz Hanoch , Wang Peixiang , Minassian Berge A. , Ferreira Igor M. , Yue Wyatt W. , Lossos Alexander , Weil Miguel , Kakhlon Or
Published: August 2017

Glycogen storage disorders (GSDs) are caused by excessive accumulation of glycogen. Some GSDs [adult polyglucosan (PG) body disease (APBD), and Tarui and Lafora diseases] are caused by intracellular accumulation of insoluble inclusions, called PG bodies (PBs), which are chiefly composed of malconstructed glycogen. We developed an APBD patient skin fibroblast cell-based assay for PB identification, where the bodies are identified as amylase-resistant periodic acid–Schiff's-stained structures, and quantified. We screened the DIVERSet CL 10 084 compound library using this assay in high-throughput format and discovered 11 dose-dependent and 8 non-dose-dependent PB-reducing hits. Approximately 70% of the hits appear to act through reducing glycogen synthase (GS) activity, which can elongate glycogen chains and presumably promote PB generation. Some of these GS inhibiting hits were also computationally predicted to be similar to drugs interacting with the GS activator protein phosphatase 1. Our work paves the way to discovering medications for the treatment of PB-involving GSD, which are extremely severe or fatal disorders.
A novel approach for crosstalk minimisation in frequency modulated continuous wave radars
Authors: Cardillo E. , Caddemi A.
Published: August 2017

A novel approach for overcoming the crosstalk noise in frequency‐modulated radars is presented. The method consists in performing a crosstalk mapping for the receiver calibration in the absence of targets and computing the optimum threshold thereafter. The linearity of the transceiver has been enhanced by implementing a technique for correcting the distortion that maximises the system accuracy. The robustness and straightforwardness of the proposed approach makes it highly flexible for various radar scenarios, thus avoiding the typical minimum range restrictions due to the crosstalk noise. A radar prototype has been realised for the experimental tests with the aim of confirming the effectiveness of the proposed procedure in a real environment.
Cognitive two‐way relay systems with multiple primary receivers: exact and asymptotic outage formulation
Authors: Van Toan Hoang , Quoc Bao Vo‐Nguyen , Nguyen‐Le Hung
Published: August 2017

This study is concerned with outage performance analysis of a cognitive two‐way relay system having a primary network of one transmitter and multiple receivers over Nakagami‐m fading channels. In the considered cognitive radio system, the secondary network facilitates information exchange between source nodes with the aid of multiple decode‐and‐forward two‐way relays. In the presence of multiple relays, opportunistic relay selection is employed to obtain a relay with the best channel quality for reliable information recovery. To analyse the performance of the considered cognitive radio system, exact and asymptotic closed‐form expressions of outage probability (OP) are derived in this study. The derived theoretical OP expressions are in good agreement with related empirical values which show that using relays can enhance the performance of secondary networks without sacrificing that of the primary network.
Analysis and optimisation of three‐coil wireless power transfer systems
Authors: Abatti Paulo J. , de Miranda Caio M. , da Silva Márcio A.P. , Pichorim Sérgio F.
Published: August 2017

In this study, the analysis of a three‐coil wireless power transfer (WPT) system, which can be divided into source, communication and load circuits, is discussed in details. Among the three‐coil WPT systems features, it is demonstrated, for instance, that maximum efficiency () and maximum power transferred to the load (P3MAX) do not depend on the load resistance, neither on the mutual inductance between communication and load coils. In fact, it is shown that and P3MAX depend only on source and communication circuits parameters. Practical results are also presented, showing good agreement with the developed theory and validating the proposed analysis.
Finite‐state model predictive power control of three‐phase bidirectional AC/DC converter under unbalanced grid faults with current harmonic reduction and power compensation
Authors: Jin Nan , Guo Leilei , Gan Chun , Hu Shiyang , Dou Zhifeng
Published: August 2017

Under unbalanced grid fault conditions, the current harmonic contents of a three‐phase bidirectional AC/DC converter increase significantly and twice grid‐frequency ripples exist in both active power and reactive power, which influence the output power quality of the converter. Compared with the conventional finite‐state model predictive direct power control (MPDPC), the MPDPC with power compensation (MPDPC‐PC) method is proposed for the three‐phase bidirectional AC/DC power converter to reduce harmonic currents and output power ripples without extraction of complex positive/negative sequences from the grid voltage/current and phase‐locked loop. The power compensation values are expressed by grid voltages and their quadrature signals that lag 90 electrical degrees in the αβ stationary coordinates system. MPDPC‐PC exhibits better performance by reducing the harmonic contents of grid currents and eliminating active power or reactive power ripples of the three‐phase bidirectional AC/DC converter with flexible reactive power compensation capability. Compared with the MPDPC and linear current control schemes, experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the designed method under unbalanced grid conditions.
Domino Reactions of 1-Aroyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines with
α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Matveeva Maria , Borisova Tatiana , Titov Alexander , Anikina Lada , Dyachenko Svetlana , Astakhov Grigorii , Varlamov Alexey , Voskressensky Leonid
Published: August 2017

An efficient synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines by a domino reaction from a variety of 3,4-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes in the absence of catalyst in good yields under microwave irradiation, is reported.
Synthesis of 3,3-Disubstituted 2-Oxindoles by Deacylative Alkylation of 3-Acetyl-2-oxindoles
Authors: Ortega-Martínez Aitor , Molina Cynthia , Moreno-Cabrerizo Cristina , Sansano José , Nájera Carmen
Published: August 2017

An innovative and efficient monoalkylation and nonsymmetrical 3,3-dialkylation of oxindoles has been achieved. First, the monoalkylation of 3-acetyl-2-oxindoles can be performed in good yields under mild reaction conditions using alkyl halides and benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (Triton B) as base at room temperature. This methodology is applied to construct the synthetically challenging compound 1,3-dimethyl-2-oxindole. Subsequent deacylative alkylation (DaA) of the alkylated 3-acetyl-2-oxindoles with alkyl halides takes place efficiently using LiOEt or by conjugate addition with electron-deficient alkenes in the presence of Triton B at room temperature under argon, affording the corresponding unsymmetrically 3,3-disubstituted 2-oxindoles. This simple methodology has been applied to the synthesis of precursors of horsfiline, esermethole, physostigmine, and phenserine alkaloids.
Statistical study of stacked/coupled site-controlled pyramidal quantum dots and their excitonic properties
Authors: Moroni S. T. , Chung T. H. , Juska G. , Gocalinska A. , Pelucchi E.
Published: August 2017

We report on stacked multiple quantum dots (QDs) formed inside inverted pyramidal recesses, which allow for the precise positioning of the QDs themselves. Specifically, we fabricated double QDs with varying inter-dot distances and ensembles with more than two nominally highly symmetric QDs. For each, the effect of the interaction between QDs is studied by characterizing a large number of QDs through photoluminescence spectroscopy. A clear red-shift of the emission energy is observed together with a change in the orientation of its polarization, suggesting an increasing interaction between the QDs. Finally, we show how stacked QDs can help influencing the charging of the excitonic complexes.
Multiscale simulations of defect dipole–enhanced electromechanical coupling at dilute defect concentrations
Authors: Liu Shi , Cohen R. E.
Published: August 2017

The role of defects in solids of mixed ionic-covalent bonds such as ferroelectric oxides is complex. Current understanding of defects on ferroelectric properties at the single-defect level remains mostly at the empirical level, and the detailed atomistic mechanisms for many defect-mediated polarization-switching processes have not been convincingly revealed quantum mechanically. We simulate the polarization–electric field (P–E) and strain–electric field (ε–E) hysteresis loops for BaTiO3 in the presence of generic defect dipoles with large-scale molecular dynamics and provide a detailed atomistic picture of the defect dipole–enhanced electromechanical coupling. We develop a general first-principles-based atomistic model, enabling a quantitative understanding of the relationship between macroscopic ferroelectric properties and dipolar impurities of different orientations, concentrations, and dipole moments. We find that the collective orientation of dipolar defects relative to the external field is the key microscopic structure feature that strongly affects materials hardening/softening and electromechanical coupling. We show that a small concentration (≈0.1 at. %) of defect dipoles dramatically improves electromechanical responses. This offers the opportunity to improve the performance of inexpensive polycrystalline ferroelectric ceramics through defect dipole engineering for a range of applications including piezoelectric sensors, actuators, and transducers.
Scaling of elongation transition thickness during thin-film growth on weakly interacting substrates
Authors: Lü B. , Souqui L. , Elofsson V. , Sarakinos K.
Published: August 2017

The elongation transition thickness (θElong) is a central concept in the theoretical description of thin-film growth dynamics on weakly interacting substrates via scaling relations of θElong with respect to rates of key atomistic film-forming processes. To date, these scaling laws have only been confirmed quantitatively by simulations, while experimental proof has been left ambiguous as it has not been possible to measure θElong. Here, we present a method for determining experimentally θElong for Ag films growing on amorphous SiO2: an archetypical weakly interacting film/substrate system. Our results confirm the theoretically predicted θElong scaling behavior, which then allow us to calculate the rates of adatom diffusion and island coalescence completion, in good agreement with the literature. The methodology presented herein casts the foundation for studying growth dynamics and cataloging atomistic-process rates for a wide range of weakly interacting film/substrate systems. This may provide insights into directed growth of metal films with a well-controlled morphology and interfacial structure on 2D crystals—including graphene and MoS2—for catalytic and nanoelectronic applications.
A simple and reusable bilayer membrane-based microfluidic device for the study of gradient-mediated bacterial behaviors
Authors: Shang Wu , Tsao Chen-Yu , Luo Xiaolong , Teodoro Mairan , McKay Ryan , Quan David N. , Wu Hsuan-Chen , Payne Gregory F. , Bentley William E.
Published: August 2017

We have developed a user-friendly microfluidic device for the study of gradient-mediated bacterial behaviors, including chemotaxis. This device rapidly establishes linear concentration gradients by exploiting solute diffusion through porous membranes in the absence of convective flows. As such, the gradients are created rapidly and can be sustained for long time periods (e.g., hours), sufficient to evaluate cell phenotype. The device exploits a unique simple bilayer configuration that enables rapid setup and quick reproducible introduction of cells. Its reusability represents an additional advantage in that it need not be limited to settings with microfluidics expertise. We have successfully demonstrated the applicability of this tool in studying the chemotactic response of Escherichia coli to glucose. When coupled with our recent Python program, quantified metrics such as speed, ratio of tumble to run, and effective diffusivity can be obtained from slow frame rate videos. Moreover, we introduce a chemotaxis partition coefficient that conveniently scores swimming behavior on the single-cell level.
Thermally induced suppression of interchain interactions in dilute aqueous solutions of conjugated polyelectrolyte rotaxanes and their analogues
Authors: Tregnago Giulia , Afshar Ali , McDonnell Shane O. , Anderson Harry L. , Cacialli Franco
Published: August 2017

We use steady-state and nanosecond time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy to investigate the evolution of packing interactions in dilute solutions of a sulfonated poly(diphenylenevinylene) lithium salt and its cyclodextrin-threaded polyrotaxanes as a function of the threading ratio (TR) when increasing the temperature from 10 to 40 °C. Contrary to the expectation of a temperature-induced increase of packing and aggregation, supported by previous Raman studies identifying a temperature-induced reduction in the inter-phenyl torsion angles, we find clear spectral (photoluminescence blue-shift and narrowing) and dynamic (shorter lifetimes and reduced weight of the long-lived components) signatures of a reduction of interchain interactions for the polyelectrolytes at higher temperatures with TR up to 1.3.
Excitonic effects and optical spectra of graphene nanoflakes
Authors: Wang Hao
Published: August 2017

By solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation within the Hartree-Fock formalism, we study the optical spectra, optical gap, quasi-particle gap, exciton binding energy, and wave function of a closed-shell graphene system. With the excitonic effects fully taken into account, we find that all peaks of optical spectrum are blueshifted to higher photon energy with either the enhancement of the long-range Coulomb interactions or the suppression of the short-range Coulomb interactions but are redshifted to lower photon energy due to the increased size and decreased confinement. Remarkably, the region of a much higher relative probability for an electron resides mainly around the geometrical center of the structure, whereas the hole strongly localizes in the peripheral region of the geometric center. Our results are found to agree well with both recent experimental and theoretical works.
Multiscale modeling of localized resistive heating in nanocrystalline metals subjected to electropulsing
Authors: Zhao Jingyi , Wang G.-X. , Dong Yalin , Ye Chang
Published: August 2017

Many electrically assisted processes have been reported to induce changes in microstructure and metal plasticity. To understand the physics-based mechanisms behind these interesting phenomena, however, requires an understanding of the interaction between the electric current and heterogeneous microstructure. In this work, multiscale modeling of the electric current flow in a nanocrystalline material is reported. The cellular automata method was used to track the nanoscale grain boundaries in the matrix. Maxwell's electromagnetic equations were solved to obtain the electrical potential distribution at the macro scale. Kirchhoff's circuit equation was solved to obtain the electric current flow at the micro/nano scale. The electric current distribution at two representative locations was investigated. A significant electric current concentration was observed near the grain boundaries, particularly near the triple junctions. This higher localized electric current leads to localized resistive heating near the grain boundaries. The electric current distribution could be used to obtain critical information such as localized resistive heating rate and extra system free energy, which are critical for explaining many interesting phenomena, including microstructure evolution and plasticity enhancement in many electrically assisted processes.
Tangent lifts of bi-Hamiltonian structures
Authors: Dobrogowska Alina , Jakimowicz Grzegorz
Published: August 2017

We construct two Poisson structures πTM and π̃TM on the tangent bundle TM to a Poisson manifold (M,π) using Lie algebroid (T*M, qM, M). Next, we construct the Poisson manifold (TM,πTM,λ) from a bi-Hamiltonian manifold (M,π1,π2). This structure can be considered as a deformation of the Poisson structure related to an algebroid structure. We show that the bi-Hamiltonian structure from M can be transferred to the manifold TM. Moreover we present how to construct the Casimir functions for structures πTM, πTM,λ, π̃Tg*, and π̃Tg*,λ from the Casimir functions for π1 and π2 and discuss some particular examples.
Practical methods for generating alternating magnetic fields for biomedical research
Authors: Christiansen Michael G. , Howe Christina M. , Bono David C. , Perreault David J. , Anikeeva Polina
Published: August 2017

Alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) cause magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to dissipate heat while leaving surrounding tissue unharmed, a mechanism that serves as the basis for a variety of emerging biomedical technologies. Unfortunately, the challenges and costs of developing experimental setups commonly used to produce AMFs with suitable field amplitudes and frequencies present a barrier to researchers. This paper first presents a simple, cost-effective, and robust alternative for small AMF working volumes that uses soft ferromagnetic cores to focus the flux into a gap. As the experimental length scale increases to accommodate animal models (working volumes of 100s of cm3 or greater), poor thermal conductivity and volumetrically scaled core losses render that strategy ineffective. Comparatively feasible strategies for these larger volumes instead use low loss resonant tank circuits to generate circulating currents of 1 kA or greater in order to produce the comparable field amplitudes. These principles can be extended to the problem of identifying practical routes for scaling AMF setups to humans, an infrequently acknowledged challenge that influences the extent to which many applications of MNPs may ever become clinically relevant.
High-temperature high-pressure calorimeter for studying gram-scale heterogeneous chemical reactions
Authors: MacLeod B. P. , Schauer P. A. , Hu K. , Lam B. , Fork D. K. , Berlinguette C. P.
Published: August 2017

We present an instrument for measuring pressure changes and heat flows of physical and chemical processes occurring in gram-scale solid samples under high pressures of reactive gases. Operation is demonstrated at 1232 °C under 33 bars of pure hydrogen. Calorimetric heat flow is inferred using a grey-box non-linear lumped-element heat transfer model of the instrument. Using an electrical calibration heater to deliver 900 J/1 W pulses at the sample position, we demonstrate a dynamic calorimetric power resolution of 50 mW when an 80-s moving average is applied to the signal. Integration of the power signal showed that the 900 J pulse energy could be measured with an average accuracy of 6.35% or better over the temperature range 150-1100 °C. This instrument is appropriate for the study of high-temperature metal hydride materials for thermochemical energy storage.
Influence of thermalization on thermal conduction through molecular junctions: Computational study of PEG oligomers
Authors: Pandey Hari Datt , Leitner David M.
Published: August 2017

Thermalization in molecular junctions and the extent to which it mediates thermal transport through the junction are explored and illustrated with computational modeling of polyethylene glycol (PEG) oligomer junctions. We calculate rates of thermalization in the PEG oligomers from 100 K to 600 K and thermal conduction through PEG oligomer interfaces between gold and other materials, including water, motivated in part by photothermal applications of gold nanoparticles capped by PEG oligomers in aqueous and cellular environments. Variation of thermalization rates over a range of oligomer lengths and temperatures reveals striking effects of thermalization on thermal conduction through the junction. The calculated thermalization rates help clarify the scope of applicability of approaches that can be used to predict thermal conduction, e.g., where Fourier’s law breaks down and where a Landauer approach is suitable. The rates and nature of vibrational energy transport computed for PEG oligomers are compared with available experimental results.
Linearized spectrum correlation analysis for line emission measurements
Authors: Nishizawa T. , Nornberg M. D. , Den Hartog D. J. , Sarff J. S.
Published: August 2017

A new spectral analysis method, Linearized Spectrum Correlation Analysis (LSCA), for charge exchange and passive ion Doppler spectroscopy is introduced to provide a means of measuring fast spectral line shape changes associated with ion-scale micro-instabilities. This analysis method is designed to resolve the fluctuations in the emission line shape from a stationary ion-scale wave. The method linearizes the fluctuations around a time-averaged line shape (e.g., Gaussian) and subdivides the spectral output channels into two sets to reduce contributions from uncorrelated fluctuations without averaging over the fast time dynamics. In principle, small fluctuations in the parameters used for a line shape model can be measured by evaluating the cross spectrum between different channel groupings to isolate a particular fluctuating quantity. High-frequency ion velocity measurements (100–200 kHz) were made by using this method. We also conducted simulations to compare LSCA with a moment analysis technique under a low photon count condition. Both experimental and synthetic measurements demonstrate the effectiveness of LSCA.
Toward flexible, multi-device, and on-demand P-N junction manipulation in reconfigurable circuits
Authors: Hendricks-Sturrup Rachele
Published: August 2017

Researchers at Grenoble Institute of Technology demonstrate flexible P-N junction transformation in virtual, semi-virtual and PIN diodes, I-MOS, tunneling FET, and band-modulation Z 2 -FET.
2010 Offshore petroleum exploration release
Authors: Hartwell John
Published: August 2017

The sustainable annual release of quality petroleum exploration acreage, to provide the global petroleum exploration industry with a variety of investment opportunities in Australian waters, is a key objective of the Australian Government.
The annual Offshore Petroleum Exploration Acreage Release (Acreage Release) is underpinned by Australia’s stable economic environment and well-established regulatory framework for offshore petroleum activities.
The 2010 Acreage Release areas are located across five basins. Release areas have been carefully selected to offer a range of investment opportunities; areas vary in size, known prospectivity, water depth and level of existing geological data and knowledge. Areas are supported by pre-competitive geological and geophysical data and analysis undertaken by Geoscience Australia.
The 2010 Australian offshore release for petroleum exploration
Authors: Bernecker Tom
Published: August 2017

The Australian Government formally releases new offshore exploration areas at the annual APPEA conference. In 2010, thirty-one areas in five offshore basins are being released for work program bidding. Closing dates for bid submissions are either six or twelve months after the release date—i.e. 11 November 2010 and 12 May 2011—depending on the exploration status in these areas and on data availability.
The 2010 release areas are located in Commonwealth waters offshore Northern Territory, Western Australia and South Australia, comprising intensively explored areas close to existing production as well as new frontiers. The Westralian Superbasin along the North West Shelf continues to feature prominently, and is complimented by a new frontier area in offshore SW Australia (Mentelle Basin), as well as two areas in the Ceduna/Duntroon sub-basins in the eastern part of the Bight Basin.
The Bonaparte Basin is represented by three areas in the Petrel Sub-basin and two areas in the Vulcan Sub-basin. Further southwest, four large areas are being released in the outer Roebuck Basin—a significantly under-explored region. This year, the Carnarvon Basin provides 16 release areas of which three are located in the Beagle Sub-basin, five in the Dampier Sub-basin, five in the Barrow Sub-basin, three on the Exmouth Plateau and three in the Exmouth Sub-basin. The largest singular release area covers much of the Mentelle Basin in offshore SW Australia, and two areas are available in the Ceduna and Duntroon sub-basins as part of South Australia’s easternmost section of the Bight Basin.
The 2010 Offshore Acreage Release offers a wide variety of block sizes in shallow as well as deep water environments. Area selection has been undertaken in consultation with industry, the States and the Northern Territory. As part of Geoscience Australia’s Offshore Energy Security Program, new data has been acquired in offshore frontier regions parts of which are being published on the Mentelle Basin (Borissova et al, this volume).
Australian States and Northern Territory acreage update at APPEA 2010
Authors: Green Peter
Published: August 2017

Peter Green is the Geoscience Manager: Energy Geoscience in the Geological Survey Queensland and has extensive experience in basin studies, geoscience and the development of petroleum regulation in Queensland.
This paper provides a summary of the land releases for petroleum exploration for onshore areas and coastal waters of Australia for 2010. The summaries include upstream petroleum acreage opportunities for the states and the Northern Territory, and geothermal energy exploration opportunities.
The rise in interest in export liquefied natural gas projects has ensured petroleum exploration and production has remained strong. Interest in acquiring petroleum acreage to explore for both conventional and non-conventional plays remains high. Australian state and the Northern Territory governments continue to provide access to land and promotional opportunities for companies to undertake exploration and development of our petroleum resources.
Acreage on offer provides a mix of exploration opportunities from conventional oil and gas through to the unconventional plays such as shale gas and tight gas. This change in acreage on offer reflects the changing nature of the onshore petroleum industry in Australia.
The Personal Property Securities Act: implications for the oil and gas sector
Authors: Wappett Craig
Published: August 2017

The Personal Property Securities Act (PPSA) will rationalise the number of laws and registers governing personal property securities and it will also introduce major substantive changes to the existing law, which will be particularly important for secured creditors, equipment lessors, consignors and other retention of title suppliers, and purchasers of accounts receivable. The PPSA will have particular implications for the oil and gas sector including the terms of security given between joint venture participants and in favour of third party financiers.
Field experiences with virtual metering technology
Authors: Haldipur Prashant , Chow Peter
Published: August 2017

This paper presents field experiences with the implementation of virtual well metering technology on the North West Shelf (NWS) of Western Australia. This technology is used to obtain well-by-well flow rate estimates using conventional pressure and temperature instrumentation in a wellbore and Christmas tree without the need for expensive multiphase flow meters. Best practices in project execution—including specifications, acceptance testing and commissioning procedures—are presented for deploying this advanced technology.
The paper focusses on two NWS gas-condensate developments operated by Woodside Energy Ltd (WEL) on behalf of the NWS joint venture partners: the Perseus over Goodwyn (PoG) project, which is a four well subsea development of the Perseus and Searipple fields that tie back to the Goodwyn A platform; and a three well subsea development for the Angel field. The PoG virtual metering system (VMS) was commissioned in October 2007 and the Angel VMS more recently in February 2009. The paper compares field data and shows that this technology has provided very reliable and accurate flow rate predictions; historical data suggests that monthly reconciliation factors as low as 3–5% can be achieved.
Virtual metering systems are a cost effective and reliable means to obtain well-by-well flow rates. Besides enabling better reservoir management, these well metering systems are easily integrated with real-time pipeline monitoring systems to enable reliable subsea operations. An integrated virtual metering and pipeline management system that includes look-ahead forecasting capabilities and guidance for real-time flow assurance on operational issues, such as hydrate formation and detection of restriction, is being developed for the Pluto field.
Biodiversity offsetting: implications for the oil and gas industry in Australia
Authors: Zoete Toivo
Published: August 2017

Energy and infrastructure developments often involve or traverse extensive tracts of land that are frequently covered with stands of native vegetation, providing habitat to a range of different plant and animal species. The biodiversity (biological diversity) contained in these stands is the subject of several pieces of legislation in Australia that place restrictions and conditions on those whose activities interfere with this biodiversity. Social licence to operate is another motivation for development organisations to tread softly when it comes to preparing for activities within these zones. With sound and early planning, much interference can be prevented, but sometimes it is unavoidable and measures will need to be developed to address the resulting impacts.
Offsetting is one form of measure available to conserve biodiversity when all other options fail, although it can also be used in addition to other measures. Offsetting allows for actions to be taken by developers to compensate for adverse impacts of their developments. Several policies have been released outlining State and Commonwealth positions on biodiversity offsetting in the last few years. When seeking approvals, energy and infrastructure development organisations need to plan ahead according to these policies.
To this purpose, this paper outlines the various policy frameworks that exist for biodiversity offsetting across Australia. Implications for the oil and gas industry are provided. The industry has several characteristics that allow it to take advantage of the new policies, which are discussed. Among these are the ready access to land for offsets and, in the case of the coal seam gas industry, the availability of water to kick-start the creation or restoration of biodiversity on land that was previously cleared.
The Pyrenees development: a new oil development for Western Australia
Authors: Slate Tony , Napalowski Ralf , Pastor Steve , Black Kevin , Stomp Robert
Published: August 2017

The Pyrenees development comprises the concurrent development of three oil and gas fields: Ravensworth, Crosby and Stickle. The fields are located in production licenses WA-42-L and WA-43-L, offshore Western Australia, in the Exmouth Sub-basin. The development will be one of the largest offshore oil developments in Australia for some time. It is a complex subsea development consisting of a series of manifolds, control umbilicals and flexible flowlines tied back to a disconnectable floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) vessel. The development involves the construction of 17 subsea wells, including 13 horizontal producers, three vertical water disposal wells and one gas injection well. The project is presently on production with first oil achieved during February 2010.
This paper gives an overview of the field development and describes the engineering and technologies that have been selected to enable the economic development of these fields.
The Pyrenees fields are low relief, with oil columns of about 40 metres in excellent quality reservoirs of the Barrow Group. Two of the fields have small gas caps and a strong bottom water drive common to all fields is expected to assist recovery. The oil is a moderate viscosity, low gas-to-oil ratio (GOR), 19°API crude. Due to the geometry of the reservoirs, the expected drive mechanism and the nature of the crude, effective oil recovery requires maximum reservoir contact and hence the drilling of long near horizontal wells. Besides the challenging nature of well construction, other technologies adopted to improve recovery efficiency and operability includes subsea multiphase flow meters and sand control with inflow control devices.
Taxation aspects of climate change management measures
Authors: Lewis David
Published: August 2017

Climate change is undoubtedly one of the greatest economic, social, and environmental challenges now facing the world. The present Australian Government is committed to acting on climate change and Australia’s progress towards its emissions reduction targets is being closely watched internationally. To contribute effectively to global climate change action, Australia must demonstrate its ability to implement robust and sustainable domestic emissions management legislation. The Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS), modelled after the cap-and-trade system, continues to be debated by our policymakers, as the Government moves to re-introduce its preferred CPRS legislative package for the third time. The advent of climate change legislation is inevitable and its impact will be far-reaching. This paper reviews the fiscal aspects of the proposed CPRS legislation in the context of the oil and gas industry, and whether it is conducive to creating incentives for appropriate climate change response by the industry.
In particular, this paper will consider:
the direct and indirect tax features specifically covered in the proposed CPRS legislation and their implications;
the areas of taxation that remain uncanvassed in the proposed CPRS legislation and aspects requiring clarification from the tax administration;
the interaction between Petroleum Resource Rent Tax (PRRT) and the CPRS measures;
the flow-on impacts to taxation outcomes resulting from proposed accounting and financial reporting responses to the CPRS legislation;
the income tax and PRRT treatment of selected abatement measures; and,
elements of a good CPRS tax strategy and compliance action plan.
Impacts of Neogene-Recent compressional deformation and uplift on hydrocarbon prospectivity of the passive southern Australian margin
Authors: Holford Simon , Hillis Richard , Duddy Ian , Green Paul , Tuitt Adrian , Stoker Martyn
Published: August 2017

The passive southern margin of the Australian continent, which formed following Cretaceous–Palaeogene separation from Antarctica, contains a rich record of Neogene–Recent compressional deformation and uplift. This deformation and uplift is manifested by reversal of displacement along syn-rift extensional faults, folding of mid–late Cenozoic post-rift sediments, and regional unconformities that can be traced for distances of up to 1,500 km along the margin. Palaeothermal data from onshore and offshore exploration wells indicate that erosion associated with deformation and uplift locally exceeds 1 km in the eastern Otway Basin. Both neotectonic palaeostress trends inferred from these structures and present-day stress orientations are consistent with northwest–southeast directed compression controlled to first-order by plate boundary forces. The critical role of the relative timing of trap formation and source rock maturation in controlling hydrocarbon prospectivity in the southern Australian margin is investigated by comparing two structures that formed during Neogene–Recent deformation in the Otway Basin: the Minerva and Nerita anticlines. While the Minerva Anticline hosts a major gas field (558 BCF GIP), the Nerita Anticline was found to be dry. A combination of apatite fission track analysis (AFTA), vitrinite reflectance (VR) and present-day temperature data show that all units intersected in Minerva–1 are presently at their maximum post-depositional temperatures, and are presently mature for hydrocarbon generation. In contrast, similar data collected from the preserved section at Nerita–1 indicate cooling from maximum post-depositional temperatures prior to formation of the Nerita Anticline in the late Miocene. Based on regional AFTA data, the underlying early Cretaceous source rocks probably reached maximum palaeotemperatures and ceased hydrocarbon generation during mid-Cretaceous uplift. These results indicate that areas of the southern margin that were deformed during the Neogene–Recent have the greatest potential to trap hydrocarbons where potential source rocks are presently at their maximum post-depositional temperatures.
The Reinga Basin, North Island, New Zealand
Authors: Uruski Chris , Reid Eva , Stagpoole Vaughan , Herzer Rick , Griffin Angela , Bland Kyle , Ilg Brad , Browne Greg
Published: August 2017

In early 2009, CGGVeritas, supported by the Crown Minerals Group of New Zealand’s Ministry of Economic Development, undertook a 5,900 km reconnaissance 2D seismic survey of the Reinga Basin, which is located to the northwest of the Northland Peninsula and Basin, New Zealand. Although very little data previously existed across this basin apart from low-fold reconnaissance seismic data, it was suspected of being an extension of the Northland Basin and to contain a thick sedimentary succession. It was thought to have formed as a rift basin near the Gondwana margin and to have been inverted during Neogene evolution of the present plate boundary.
This paper is the result of the first interpretation of this new, high-quality data set. It confirms the presence of the basin and its sedimentary succession. Up to 9,000 m of sedimentary fill is imaged. The presence of coaly early rift packages and extensions of the Waipawa Formation black marine shale suggest that the basin contains voluminous source rocks. The basin appears to be more deformed in the northwest where large inversion structures are imaged. The northeastern margin is underlain by an extension of the Northland Allochthon which was obducted onto the New Zealand margin during initiation of the present plate boundary around 25 million years ago (Ma). The basin may also have been affected by strike-slip faulting associated with the Vening-Meinesz fracture zone, which developed during the Miocene. Several volcanic bodies are recognised, but in contrast to the adjacent Northland Basin where many large Miocene shield volcanos erupted, volcanic extrusions are rare in the Reinga region.
Thermal modelling suggests that the basal source rocks are mature and expelling hydrocarbons and many direct hydrocarbon anomalies are present. Large trapping structures are apparent throughout the basin and even at this early stage of knowledge it appears that the region may have significant hydrocarbon potential. This paper will discuss the evolution of the basin in the regional tectonic context and summarise its petroleum prospectivity.