bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Machine Learning to Examine Suicidal Ideation After TBI: A TBI Model Systems National Database Study
Authors: Fisher Lauren B. , Curtiss Joshua E. , Klyce Daniel W. , Perrin Paul B. , Juengst Shannon B. , Gary Kelli W. , Niemeier Janet P. , Hammond Flora McConnell , Bergquist Thomas F. , Wagner Amy K. , Rabinowitz Amanda R. , Giacino Joseph T. , Zafonte Ross D.
Published: June 2022

Objective

To predict suicidal ideation one year after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Design

Cross-sectional design with data collected through the prospective, longitudinal TBI Model Systems (TBIMS) network at hospitalization and one year after injury. Participants who completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) suicide item at year one follow-up (N = 4,328) were included.

Results

A gradient boosting machine (GBM) algorithm demonstrated the best performance in predicting suicidal ideation one year after TBI. Predictors were PHQ-9 items (except suicidality), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) items, and a measure of heavy drinking. Results of the 10-fold cross-validation GBM analysis indicated excellent classification performance with an AUC of 0.882. Sensitivity was 0.85, and specificity was 0.77. Accuracy was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.77 – 0.79). Feature importance analyses revealed that depressed mood and guilt were the most important predictors of suicidal ideation, followed by anhedonia, concentration difficulties, and psychomotor disturbance.

Conclusions

Overall, depression symptoms were most predictive of suicidal ideation. Despite the limited clinical impact of the present findings, machine learning has potential to improve prediction of suicidal behavior, leveraging electronic health record data, to identify individuals at greatest risk, thereby facilitating intervention and optimization of long-term outcomes following TBI.
How to Report Data on Bilateral Procedures and Other Issues with Clustered Data: The CLUDA Reporting Guidelines
Authors: Hemmingsen Mathilde N. , Nygaard Caroline M. T. , Kaufmann Anna , Weltz Tim K. , Larsen Andreas , Forman Julie L. , Wiberg Sebastian , Vester-Glowinski Peter , Ørholt Mathias , Herly Mikkel
Published: June 2022

Background:

Research in plastic surgery often includes bilateral procedures. This gives rise to issues with clustered data. Clustering is when individual data points within a data set are internally related. However, many authors do not account for clustering within their data, which can lead to incorrect statistical conclusions.

Methods:

In February of 2020, the authors searched PubMed to investigate the prevalence of reporting issues with bilateral breast procedures in plastic surgery literature. The review focused on breast surgery, as it often involves bilateral procedures and, therefore, clustering. Based on the review, the authors developed guidelines for how to identify and address clustered data. The guidelines were modified by a multidisciplinary group consisting of a biostatistician with expertise in clustered data at the Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, and three doctors (M.D.s and Ph.D.s) with expertise in statistical analysis and scientific methodology from the Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet.

Results:

A total of 113 studies were included in the review. Seventy-five studies (66 percent) contained clustered data, but only eight studies (11 percent) took clustering into account in the statistical analysis. These results were used to develop the Clustered Data, or CLUDA, reporting guidelines which consist of two sections: one to identify clustering and one for reporting and analyzing clustered data.

Conclusions:

Clustered data are abundant in plastic surgery literature. The authors propose using the Clustered Data reporting guidelines to identify and report clustered data and consulting with a biostatistician when designing a study.
Research Promotion Is Associated with Broader Influence and Higher Impact of Plastic Surgery Publications
Authors: Boyd Carter J. , Bekisz Jonathan M. , Salibian Ara A. , Karp Nolan S. , Choi Mihye
Published: June 2022

Background:

Social media have altered the mechanisms by which published research is disseminated and accessed. The objective of this study was to measure the effect of promotion on research article dissemination, influence, and impact in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Methods:

All articles published in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018, were obtained and reviewed to determine inclusion/exclusion and for the Altmetric Attention Score, citations, relative citation rate, and 16 unique promotional tags (e.g., journal club, editor’s pick, press release, patient safety, and so on) as indexed on the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery website. The analysis included 1502 articles. Statistical analysis was completed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and t tests where appropriate with a predetermined level of significance of p ≤ 0.05.

Results:

A total of 637 articles (42.4 percent) had a promotional tag, whereas 252 (16.8 percent) had multiple tags. Articles with promotional tags had a higher Altmetric Attention Score (30.35 versus 8.22; p < 0.001), more citations (11.96 versus 8.47; p < 0.001), and a higher relative citation rate (2.97 versus 2.06; p < 0.001) compared to articles without a tag. Articles with multiple tags had a higher Altmetric Attention Score (50.17 versus 17.39; p < 0.001), more citations (15.78 versus 9.47; p < 0.001), and a higher relative citation rate (3.67 versus 2.51; p < 0.001) compared to articles with only one tag. As the number of tags increased for an article, Altmetric Attention Score (p < 0.001), citation count (p < 0.001), and relative citation rate (p < 0.001) likewise increased.

Conclusion:

This analysis strongly suggests that promotion of research articles is associated with significantly wider dissemination, broader visibility, and more subsequent citations in the literature.
Factors Related to Neuropathic Pain following Lower Extremity Amputation
Authors: Lans Jonathan , Groot Olivier Q. , Hazewinkel Merel H. J. , Kaiser Philip B. , Lozano-Calderón Santiago A. , Heng Marilyn , Valerio Ian L. , Eberlin Kyle R.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Lower extremity amputations are common, and postoperative neuropathic pain (phantom limb pain or symptomatic neuroma) is frequently reported. The use of active treatment of the nerve end has been shown to reduce pain but requires additional resources and should therefore be performed primarily in high-risk patients. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with the development of neuropathic pain following above-the-knee amputation, knee disarticulation, or below-the-knee amputation.

Methods:

Retrospectively, 1565 patients with an average follow-up of 4.3 years who underwent a primary above-the-knee amputation, knee disarticulation, or below-the-knee amputation were identified. Amputation levels for above-the-knee amputations and knee disarticulations were combined as proximal amputation level, with below-the-knee amputations being performed in 61 percent of patients. The primary outcome was neuropathic pain (i.e., phantom limb pain or symptomatic neuroma) based on medical chart review. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent factors associated with neuropathic pain.

Results:

Postoperative neuropathic pain was present in 584 patients (37 percent), with phantom limb pain occurring in 34 percent of patients and symptomatic neuromas occurring in 3.8 percent of patients. Proximal amputation level, normal creatinine levels, and a history of psychiatric disease were associated with neuropathic pain. Diabetes, hypothyroidism, and older age were associated with lower odds of developing neuropathic pain.

Conclusions:

Neuropathic pain following lower extremity amputation is common. Factors influencing nerve regeneration, either increasing (proximal amputations and younger age) or decreasing (diabetes, hypothyroidism, and chronic kidney disease) it, play a role in the development of postamputation neuropathic pain.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Risk, III.
Predictive Risk Model for Serious Falls Among Older Persons Living With HIV
Authors: Womack Julie A. , Murphy Terrence E. , Leo-Summers Linda , Bates Jonathan , Jarad Samah , Smith Alexandria C. , Gill Thomas M. , Hsieh Evelyn , Rodriguez-Barradas Maria C. , Tien Phyllis C. , Yin Michael T. , Brandt Cynthia A. , Justice Amy C.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Older (older than 50 years) persons living with HIV (PWH) are at elevated risk for falls. We explored how well our algorithm for predicting falls in a general population of middle-aged Veterans (age 45–65 years) worked among older PWH who use antiretroviral therapy (ART) and whether model fit improved with inclusion of specific ART classes.

Methods:

This analysis included 304,951 six-month person-intervals over a 15-year period (2001–2015) contributed by 26,373 older PWH from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study who were taking ART. Serious falls (those falls warranting a visit to a health care provider) were identified by external cause of injury codes and a machine-learning algorithm applied to radiology reports. Potential predictors included a fall within the past 12 months, demographics, body mass index, Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index 2.0 score, substance use, and measures of multimorbidity and polypharmacy. We assessed discrimination and calibration from application of the original coefficients (model derived from middle-aged Veterans) to older PWH and then reassessed by refitting the model using multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations. We also explored whether model performance improved with indicators of ART classes.

Results:

With application of the original coefficients, discrimination was good (C-statistic 0.725; 95% CI: 0.719 to 0.730) but calibration was poor. After refitting the model, both discrimination (C-statistic 0.732; 95% CI: 0.727 to 0.734) and calibration were good. Including ART classes did not improve model performance.

Conclusions:

After refitting their coefficients, the same variables predicted risk of serious falls among older PWH nearly and they had among middle-aged Veterans.
Rheinheimera maricola sp. nov., isolated from seawater of the Yellow Sea
Authors: Kim Kyung Hyun , Baek Ju Hye , Wenting Ruan , Jeon Che Ok
Published: June 2022

A Gram-negative and facultative aerobic strain, designated as strain MA-13T, was isolated from seawater in the Yellow Sea Republic of Korea. Cells were oxidase- and catalase-positive and non-motile short rods. Growth of strain MA-13T was observed over a range of 10–37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 6.0–11.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0–5.5 % (w/v) sodium chloride (optimum, 1.0–2.0 %). Strain MA-13T contained ubiquinone-8 as the respiratory quinone, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified phospholipid and four unidentified lipids as major polar lipids and C16 : 0, C12 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
 ω7c and/or C16 : 1
 ω6c) as major cellular fatty acids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 48.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences revealed that strain MA-13T formed a distinct phyletic lineage in the genus

Rheinheimera

. Strain MA-13T was most closely related to

Rheinheimera lutimaris

YQF-2T,

Rheinheimera aquimaris

SW-353T,

Rheinheimera pacifica

KMM 1406T and

Rheinheimera baltica

DSM 14885T with 98.10, 98.08, 98.07 and 97.94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. Average nucleotide identity and DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain MA-13T and

R. aquimaris

KCTC 12840T,

R. pacifica

DSM 17616T and

R. baltica

DSM 14885T were 76.3, 78.6 and 76.9 % and 19.5, 21.3 and 20.5 %, respectively. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain MA-13T represents a novel species of the genus

Rheinheimera

, for which the name Rheinheimera maricola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MA-13T (=KACC 22113T=JCM 34600T).
Neokomagataea anthophila sp. nov., an osmotolerant acetic acid bacterium isolated in Thailand and emended description of the genus Neokomagataea
Authors: Charoenyingcharoen Piyanat , Yukphan Pattaraporn , Malimas Sukunphat , Likhitrattanapisal Somsak , Tanasupawat Somboon , Yamada Yuzo
Published: June 2022

A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, aerobic bacterium isolated from a sea bean flower [Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC.] collected in Surat Thani Province, Thailand, and designated as AH18T was characterized on the basis of polyphasic taxonomy. The phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene revealed that strain AH18T represented a member of the genus

Neokomagataea

. In the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain's closest phylogenetic neighbour was

Neokomagataea thailandica

TBRC 376T. The draft genome size of strain AH18T was 2613495 bp, and its DNA G+C content was 52.0 mol%. The strain showed 90.3 and 76.3% pairwise-determined whole-genome average nucleotide identity and 39.8 and 19.6% digital DNA–DNA hybridization values with

N. thailandica

TBRC 376T and

N. tanensis

TBRC 7768T, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequences and phylogenomic analysis revealed that the strain clustered with the members of the genus

Neokomagataea

but was located in a distinct branch closely related to

N. thailandica

TBRC 376T. The predominant cellular fatty acids of the strain were summed feature 8 (C18:1
ω6c and/or C18:1
ω7c), C16:0 and C18:1 2OH (>5%). The major respiratory ubiquinone was Q-10. In addition, strain AH18T was substantiated by differences in several physiological characteristics and by MALDI-TOF profiling. On the basis of the results obtained from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genomic analyses, the strain clearly represented a novel species within the genus

Neokomagataea

, for which the name Neokomagataea anthophila sp. nov. (AH18T=TBRC 2177T=NBRC 115156T) is proposed. An emended description of the genus

Neokomagataea

is also given.
State-dependent protein-protein interactions mediating 4-1BB CAR Signaling
Authors: Ritmeester-Loy Samuel A. , Lautz Jonathan D , Zhang-Wong Yue , Gustafson Joshua , Wilson Ashley , Lin Chenwei , Gafken Philip R. , Jensen Michael C , Orentas Rimas , Smith Stephen E.P.
Published: June 2022

Cells rely on activity-dependent protein-protein interactions to convey biological signals, but the state-dependent interactome is notoriously cell-specific and undercharacterized1. In the case of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells containing a 4-1BB costimulatory domain, receptor engagement is thought to trigger the formation of protein complexes similar to those triggered by T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated signaling, but the number and type of protein-interaction-mediating binding domains differ between CARs and TCRs. Here, we performed co-immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry of a 2ndgeneration CD19-directed 4-1BB:zeta CAR (referred to as bbζCAR) and identified 67 proteins that increased their co-association after target engagement. We compared activity-induced TCR and CAR signalosomes using quantitative multiplex co-immunoprecipitation and showed that bbζCAR engagement leads to activation of two modules of protein interactions, one similar to TCR signaling that is more weakly engaged in bbζCAR vs. TCR, and one composed of TRAF signaling complexes that is not engaged by the TCR. Batch-to-batch and inter-individual variations in IL2 production correlated with differences in the magnitude of protein network activation. Future CAR T cell manufacturing protocols could measure, and eventually control, biological variation by monitoring these signalosome activation markers.

One Sentence Summary

We define a network of protein interactions engaged by chimeric antigen receptors following target binding, and show that the magnitude of network activation correlates with IL-2 secretion, a proxy measure for CAR T cell function.
Poor decision-makers: motivation, working memory performance, and repartition across two inbred strains of rats
Authors: Fitoussi Aurelie Y.
Published: June 2022

A minority of healthy individuals (poor decision-makers, PD) exhibit a combination of behavioral traits reminiscent, at least in part, of addiction and predicting poor decision-making (DM), namely motor impulsivity, inflexibility, risk-taking, and higher motivation in Wistar Han rats. Two behavioral features, motivation and working memory (WM), play a role in DM capacities although the precise relationship is not entirely known. Additionally, we previously reported that neurotransmitters e.g., dopamine - modulation was tightly linked to the PD phenotype. The goal of the study was to investigate the detailed motivational functions in PD individuals including saccharin intake, reward-seeking or incentive behaviors under different internal states i.e., food-deprived orad libitum. Maze-based spatial WM was also evaluated. Moreover, two inbred strains of rats, Lewis and Fisher 344 (F344) rats, known for modeling vulnerability to drug addiction and affected by substantial variations in the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway, were run in the DM task (Rat Gambling Task, RGT). PD Wistar Han rats displayed higher saccharin intake levels and a drastic increased reward-seeking behavior on a fixed schedule. PD were more sensitive to the internal state in responding to saccharin delivery in fixed but not in progressive schedules. A few relationships were found within motivational functions, and with DM, that is a positive correlation between saccharin intake and reward-seeking behavior, and a negative correlation between saccharin intake and DM. PD were significantly not impaired in WM. Lewis and F344 rats displayed improved performance early in the task (exploration) and a higher proportion of PD was observed in Lewis as compared to F344 rats. Altogether, these findings complete the preclinical panel of behavioral functions that relate to poor DM and extend a presumed role of dopamine in such processes.
A cellular assay for spike/ACE2 fusion: quantification of fusion-inhibitory antibodies after COVID-19 and vaccination
Authors: Abdul Fabien , Ribaux Pascale , Caillon Aurélie , Malézieux-Picard Astrid , Prendki Virginie , Zhukovsky Nikolay , Delhaes Flavien , Krause Karl-Heinz , Preynat-Seauve Olivier
Published: June 2022

Not all antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 inhibit viral entry and hence infection. Neutralizing antibodies are more likely to reflect real immunity, however certain of these tests investigate protein/protein interaction rather than the fusion event. Viral and pseudoviral entry assays detect functionally active antibodies, however they are cumbersome and burdened by biosafety and standardization issues. We have developed a Spike/ACE2-dependant cell-to-cell fusion assay, based on a split luciferase. Hela cells stably transduced with Spike and a large fragment of luciferase were co-cultured with Hela cells transduced with ACE2 and the complementary small fragment of luciferase. Within 24h, cell fusion occured allowing the measurement of luminescence. Light emission was abolished in the absence of Spike and reduced in the presence of an inhibitor of Spike-processing proteases. Serum samples from COVID-19-negative, non-vaccinated individuals, or sera from patients at the moment of first symptoms did not lead to a significant reduction of fusion. In contrast, sera from COVID-19-positive patients as well as sera from vaccinated individuals reduced the fusion. In conclusion, we report a new method measuring fusion-inhibitory antibodies in serum, combining the advantage of a functional full Spike/ACE2 interaction with a high degree of standardization, easily allowing automation in a standard bio-safety environment.
Determinants of mobile apps adoption by retail investors for online trading in emerging financial markets
Authors: Nair Parvathy S. , Shiva Atul , Yadav Nikhil , Tandon Priyanka
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of mobile applications on investment decisions by retail investors in stocks and mutual funds. This study focuses on how mobile technologies are applied on mobile apps by retail investors for e-trading in emerging financial markets.

Design/methodology/approach

The study explored predictive relevance for the adoption behavior of retail investors under the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework. Further, goal contagion theory was applied to investigate the adoption behavior of investors towards e-trading. An adapted questionnaire was used to collect the date from April to June 2021 and data analysis was performed on 507 usable responses. The methodology adopted in this study is variance based partial least square structural equational modelling (PLS-SEM). Additionally, the study explains important and performing constructs based on the response of retail investors towards mobile app usage for investment decisions.

Findings

The study shows that effort expectancy, performance expectancy followed by perceived return were the primary determinants of behavioral intentions to use mobile applications by retail investors for e-trading. Further, habit of investors determined the adoption behavior of investors towards mobile apps. Additionally, the study revealed that perceived risk is not an important aspect for retail investors in comparison to perceived return.

Research limitations/implications

The study in future can address to the aspect of personality traits of retail investors for technology adoption for investment decisions. Further investigation is required on addressing unobserved heterogeneity of retail investors towards technology adoption process in emerging financial markets.

Practical implications

The study provides theoretical and practical implications for retail investors, financial advisors and technology companies to understand the behavioral pattern and mobile apps adoption behavior of retail investors in emerging financial market. The findings in the study will help broking firms to sensitize their clients for effective use of their respective mobile apps for e-trading purposes. The study will strengthen the knowledge of financial advisors to understand investment behavior of retail investors in emerging financial markets.

Originality/value

This study unfolds a novel framework of research to understand the technology adoption pattern of retail investors for e-trading by mobile applications in emerging financial markets. The present study provides significant understanding in the domain of technology adoption by retail investors under behavioral finance environment.
Understanding Chinese automobile firms: past, present and path to be world class
Authors: Li Zheng , Liu Tao , Dai Shuanping
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to quest the strategies and paths of Chinese automobile firms for being world class. It analyzes their strengths and potentials in comparison with the development experience of the global examples and provides policy recommendations for cultivating world-class automobile firms.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors apply the analytic hierarchy process method to evaluate the competitiveness of automobile firms with multiple indicators.

Findings

The evaluation results suggest that Chinese automobile firms still lagged behind their world-class peers. Especially, Chinese domestic firms developed unevenly so that they could not make progress in the core parametric dimensions. Nevertheless, Chinese firms could achieve world class, at least in some niche segments, supported by its accumulated technological capacity and tremendous market size.

Originality/value

This research is the first scholarly work to evaluate the competitiveness of Chinese automobile firms and provides insightful comments on its industrial policies in the automobile industry. This may be valuable for policymaking in the automobile sector of China and other developing economies.
Marketing strategy decision making in new product development: direct effects and moderation by market information time sensitivity and analyzability
Authors: Durmusoglu Serdar S. , Atuahene-Gima Kwaku , Calantone Roger J.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Research on market information use in product innovation suggests that firms utilize two key strategic decision-making processes: incremental and comprehensive. Drawing from organizational information processing theory, literature implies that these processes operate differently. However, this assumption remains untested. Moreover, the degree to which a comprehensive process affects the innovation strategy outcomes depends on market information time sensitivity (MITS) and analyzability. To-date, no study has tested these assertions, either. Finally, it is suggested that meaningful market strategy is a key driver of new product success and it is important to understand how decision-making processes influence it under differing time sensitivity and analyzability.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on survey data from 250 Chinese firms, authors use structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The results generally support authors’ contentions. More specifically, marketing strategy outcomes are influenced by marketing strategy incrementality (MSI) and marketing strategy comprehensiveness (MSC) differently. Further, time sensitivity moderates the effect of both MSI and MSC on outcomes, except for the effect of MSI on decision quality. Finally, analyzability moderates the relationships between decision making processes and certain strategy outcomes such as between MSI and meaningfulness.

Originality/value

Drawing from information processing theory, authors argue that incremental and comprehensive marketing strategy decision making for new product operate differentially under the same conditions. Further, the effects of these decision processes on outcomes depend on time sensitivity and analyzability of market information. Finally, auhtors argue that meaningful market strategy is a driver of success. The authors find support for most of our hypotheses and provide directions for future research.
The moderating effect of financial stability on the CSR and bank performance
Authors: Saadaoui Amir , Ben Salah Olfa
Published: June 2022

Purpose

For the dimensions of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) score, only environmental practices have shown a significant negative link with banking performance. However, the social and government dimensions did not have a significant effect on this variable. The authors also find that the financial performance of banks depends primarily on the financial stability of the bank, in particular, on capital adequacy and on the management of liquidity risk.

Design/methodology/approach

The recurrence of banking and financial crises has revealed the complexity and vulnerability of the financial and banking system. In this article, the authors empirically study the impact of CSR on the financial performance of banks as well as the individual effect of each dimension of CSR (social, governance and environmental) with particular attention to the moderating role of financial stability. Based on a sample of 23 French banks over the period from 2010 to 2018, the results indicate a negative and significant effect of CSR measured by the overall CSR score on the performance of banks.

Findings

This study provides insight into the essential role of financial stability in moderating the benefits of CSR disclosure while virtually no previous study examines this effect.

Originality/value

This article offers several contributions to the literature. First, this study builds on previous research by providing a more comprehensive view and evidence on the relationship between CSR and bank performance. The authors affirm and show that the financial stability of the bank moderates the effect of CSR on the performance of banks. The link between social responsibility and performance demonstrated in this study is more complicated than the direct–direct relationship as widely assumed in the previous literature.
Explaining differences in entrepreneurial activity between immigrants and natives: moderating roles of economic, sociocultural and institutional factors
Authors: Morales Carlos , Brieger Steven A. , De Clercq Dirk , Martin Felicia Josephine
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study investigates the differential likelihood of being an entrepreneur among immigrants to and natives of a country. Using a mixed embeddedness perspective, the authors outline how economic, sociocultural, and institutional embeddedness influence the likelihood of entrepreneurial activity exhibited by immigrant and native residents.

Design/methodology/approach

The tests of the hypotheses rely on a multilevel cross-country research design that uses secondary data from different sources.

Findings

Compared with their native counterparts, immigrants are more likely to start and run their own businesses, and an array of environmental factors influences this likelihood. The level of economic development and equality laws increase it; the abundance of market opportunities in an economy, entrepreneurship culture and cultural collectivism diminish it.

Practical implications

The findings provide policy makers and stakeholders with valuable insights into pertinent environmental factors that determine the differential propensities of immigrant and native residents to become entrepreneurs.

Originality/value

This study provides an expanded understanding of the connection between being an immigrant and entrepreneurial activity, by explicating the influences of country-level conditions.
Nexus among board characteristics, earnings management and dividend payout: evidence from an emerging market
Authors: Abu Afifa Malik , Saleh Isam , Al-shoura Aseel , Vo Van Hien
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The direct nexus between board characteristics, earnings management (EM) practices and dividend payout is examined in this study, followed by an examination of the indirect mediation impact of EM practices in the nexus between board characteristics and dividend payout. It aims to provide new empirical evidence from the Jordanian market, which is an emerging market.

Design/methodology/approach

The study population consists of all service firms that were listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) between 2012 and 2019. Due to the lack of availability of their complete data during the period, four service firms were omitted from the population; hence, a sample of 43 service firms was acquired over the time frame (2012–2019), yielding a total of 344 firm-year observations. Moreover, panel data analysis was employed in this study, and data for the study were acquired from yearly reports as well as the ASE's database.

Findings

Based on the GMM estimator findings, board size and independence have a negative and significant influence on the EM, but CEO/chairman duality has a positive and significant impact. Simultaneously, the impacts of female representation on the board of directors and the number of board meetings were both positive but insignificant. The findings also found that four board characteristics, including board size, female representation on the board of directors, CEO/chairman duality and the number of board meetings, had a significant negative or positive effect on dividend payout, while board independence did not. Additional findings show that EM practices have a direct negative insignificant effect on dividend payout, whereas EM practices partially mediate the relationship between board characteristics and dividend payout.

Research limitations/implications

The current study's limitation is that it only searched in Jordanian service firms listed on ASE from 2012 to 2019 to fulfill the study's objectives; thus, we urge that future work explores the study models for other sectors, whether in Jordan or other growing markets such as the Middle East and North Africa.

Practical implications

The findings of this study may be utilized by analysts, investors and other strategic decision-makers to enhance Jordan's financial market's efficiency and efficacy. These findings will improve policymakers' willingness to impose appropriate constraints, perhaps boosting Jordan's financial market performance and efficacy. These findings may also help investors make more enlightened judgments by utilizing board characteristics and EM factors that predict firm dividend policy.

Originality/value

Contradictions in the results of earlier investigations inspired the current study, with the findings filling a gap in the existing literature. This study differs from previous studies by constructing a novel research model and analyzing the mediating influence of EM in the nexus between board characteristics and dividend payout.
Factors affecting farmers' intention to use ECEs in Covid-19 pandemic: combining the technology acceptance model (TAM) and barrier factors
Authors: Van Vu Hong , Quynh Nguyen Ngoc , Doanh Nguyen Khanh
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the factors affecting tea-producing farmers' intention to use e-commerce exchanges (ECEs) to sell their products, combining the technology acceptance model (TAM) theory and barrier factors.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use the generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) to analyze the intermediate model that is built on TAM.

Findings

Research results show that perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEU) significantly influence farmers' intention to use ECEs to sell their products. However, knowledge and information barriers hinder farmers' intention to use such ECEs.

Research limitations/implications

Encouraging farmers to use ECEs is the most helpful solution for agricultural economic development in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Originality/value

From an academic perspective, this is the first study that combines the TAM theory of Davis (1989) and barrier factors to analyze farmers' intention to use ECEs. The findings are valuable references for policymakers to propose strategies for agricultural economic development during the current pandemic. At the same time, the empirical results obtained from this study provide good orientations for agricultural economic development 4.0 in the future.
Gold, crude oil, bitcoin and Indian stock market: recent confirmation from nonlinear ARDL analysis
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Kumar Ankit , Singh Gurcharan
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This paper investigates the causality among gold prices, crude oil prices, bitcoin and stock prices by using daily data from January 2014 to December 2021. The study also examines the data during the COVID-19 outbreak from January 2020 to December 2021.

Design/methodology/approach

To estimate the long- and short-run causality, this study considers the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) cointegration test.

Findings

The analysis found the existence of an asymmetric long-run cointegration among selected assets. Findings indicate that positive changes in bitcoin do not affect stock market in the long term. Changes in crude oil prices have a significant impact on stock prices. Moreover, it is observed that variations in the stock prices trigger a negative impact on gold prices. During the COVID-19 period, the study notices the presence of an asymmetric long-term cointegration between selected assets except bitcoin. Besides, findings revealed that negative price adjustments in gold lead to significant positive shocks in stock market.

Originality/value

These results provide critical information for policy performers and researchers to develop new strategies. Policy regulators can also consider the potential effects of the COVID-19 outbreak while developing strategies for investment decisions.
Making sense of a mess: “doing” resilience in the vortex of a crisis
Authors: Aitken-Fox Eileen , Coffey Jane , Dayaram Kantha , Fitzgerald Scott , McKenna Stephen , Tian Amy Wei
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to investigate how human resource professionals (HRPs), in a variety of organizations, responded to the crisis brought about by the event of COVID-19. In particular, it aims to show how organizations, across all sectors, in Western Australia responded with urgency and flexibility to the crisis and showed “resilience in practice”.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on 136 questionnaire responses, 32 interviews and 25 managerial narratives. The mixed qualitative methodology was designed to enable an investigation of the impact of COVID-19 and the response of HRPs.

Findings

HRPs have responded with agility and flexibility to the impact of COVID-19. They have done so through extensive trial and error, sometimes succeeding, sometimes failing. They have not simply activated a preconceived continuity plan.

Research limitations/implications

The research indicates that resilience is an ongoing accomplishment of organizations and the people in them. The objective was description rather than prescription, and the research does not offer solutions to future pandemic-like situations.

Practical implications

The research suggests that, given the impact of COVID-19 on organizations, HR practices, processes and policies will need to be thoroughly reconsidered for relevance in the post-COVID world. Possible future directions are highlighted.

Originality/value

The research considers the actions of HRPs as they responded to a global crisis as the crisis unfolded.
The learning from action (LfA) programme: reflections on how it has evolved
Authors: Boldetti Giada , Mingarelli Luca
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The learning from action (LfA) workshop was born more than 20 years ago and held in various places in Italy. This study aims to provide a learning experience for therapeutic communities (TCs) workers. During these years, the LfA work has developed by creating a dialogue between the experiential conferences and the group relations conferences (GRC) run by the Tavistock Institute. In this paper, the author explores the dialogue between (the leadership-oriented) GRC and (democratic) TC culture.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors intend to show how this dialogue has developed in LfA, describing tasks, purposes and critical aspects of LfA specific events: decision-making plenary, decision-making, TCs, action, dialog between cultures, GRC, learning methodology, decision-making group, activity group, morning and evening community meetings.

Findings

The authors confirmed the idea that acting and working together is a way of learning and communicating with each other. The role activities and works the authors do together to provide for the community in LfA have a more authentic quality of life than the purely verbal reflective work of a GRC.

Originality/value

The paper describes how LfA has developed and consolidated over the years, constituting an original learning model inspired by the typical activities of the culture of democratic TCs and the learning methodology of GRCs.
Organizational learning the Nordic way: learning through participation
Authors: Dahl Thomas , Irgens Eirik J.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Is there a specific way of thinking about organisational learning in Nordic countries? Are concepts such as organisational learning and learning organisations imported, or do they emerge with specific meanings from more local discourses? Beyond that, are they supported by specific learning theories? The purpose of this paper is to trace the way that the concepts of organisational learning and learning organisations appear in research and policy documents in Norway and to identify what sort of learning theories pertain to those concepts. The authors discuss whether Norway’s case exemplifies a Nordic way of thinking about learning in organisations.

Design/methodology/approach

Through an archaeological investigation into the concepts of organisational learning and learning organisations, the authors explore the theoretical and cultural framing of the concepts in research and policy. The authors limit our work to large industrial field experiments conducted in the 1960s and to large education reform in the 2000s.

Findings

During the industrial field experiments in the 1960s, the concept of organisational learning evolved to form participatory learning processes in non-hierarchical organisations able to contribute to democracy at work. Education policy in the 2000s, by contrast, imported the concept of the learning organisation that primarily viewed learning as an instrumental process of knowledge production. That strategy is incommensurable to what we define as a Nordic way, one in which learning is also understood as a cultural and social process advanced by democratic participation.

Originality/value

The authors add to organisational learning theories by demonstrating the importance of cultural context for theories and showing that the understanding of learning is historically and culturally embedded.
Combining biogeographical approaches to advance invasion ecology and methodology
Authors: Pearson Dean E. , Eren Özkan , Ortega Yvette K. , Hierro José L. , Karakuş Birsen , Kala Sascha , Bullington Lorinda , Lekberg Ylva
Published: June 2022

Understanding the causes of plant invasions requires that parallel field studies are conducted in the native and introduced ranges to elucidate how biogeographical shifts alter the individual performance, population success and community‐level impacts of invading plants. Three primary methods deployed in in situ biogeographical studies are directed surveys, where researchers seek out populations of target species, randomized surveys and field experiments. Despite the importance of these approaches for advancing biogeographical research, their relative merits have not been evaluated.

We concurrently deployed directed surveys, randomized surveys and in situ field experiments for studying six grassland plant species in the native and introduced ranges. Metrics included plant size, fecundity, recruitment, abundance and invader impact, as well as soil properties and root associations with putative fungal mutualists and pathogens.

Consistent with key invasion hypotheses,Bromus tectorumexperienced increased size and fecundity in the introduced range linked to population increases and significant invader impacts, along with altered fungal associations. However, performance differences did not predict population increases and invader impacts across species. A notable finding was that disturbance facilitated greater recruitment in the introduced range for most species, thereby playing a crucial, though underappreciated, role in driving invader success.

Directed surveys consistently generated information on plant performance and fungal associations. However, soil sampling suggested that directed surveys may have been biased towards disturbed conditions for half the species. Randomized surveys generated robust data for population comparisons and impact, but generally failed to produce performance metrics for species that were uncommon or flowered outside the peak sampling window. Field experiments controlled for bias and confounding factors and provided rare information on recruitment and disturbance effects, but poor recruitment in the native range and ethical constraints on growing invaders in the introduced range hindered comparisons of performance and plant–fungal interactions.

Synthesis. Each method had strengths and weaknesses. However, when combined they provided complementary information to paint the most complete biogeographical picture to date for several introduced plants. We propose a hybrid approach to optimize biogeographical studies.
Cold‐inflammaging: When a state of homeostatic‐imbalance associated with aging precedes the low‐grade pro‐inflammatory‐state (inflammaging): Meaning, evolution, inflammaging phenotypes
Authors: Giunta Sergio , Wei Yaqin , Xu Kangqiao , Xia Shijin
Published: June 2022

The age‐related pro‐inflammatory state, discovered and called ‘inflammaging’ by Franceschi et al. (2000) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of age‐related chronic diseases. A substantial body of data established that inflammaging is accompanied by a ‘2‐fold to 4‐fold’ increase in plasma levels of pro‐inflammatory mediators in healthy elderly people, when compared to the healthy adult population. This review focuses on the pre‐inflammaging phase, here we reported as ‘cold‐inflammaging’, a state where plasma levels of cytokines are slightly increased, but below the lower limit of 2‐fold increase established for inflammaging. Slightly altered cytokine levels by innate immunity are known to be associated with homeostasis imbalances, this functional pleiotropy of cytokines as signal transducers, have a physiological counterpart, representing an adaptive process aimed at restoring (or achieving a new) homeostatic stability. If a dyshomeostatic state persists, the cytokine response by innate immunity increases and becomes a driver of inflammaging. A scenario where cytokines are characterised as major players in homeostasis imbalances at the beginning (cold‐inflammaging) and then in chronic low‐grade pro‐inflammatory‐state (inflammaging). Other important drivers of inflammaging are cellular senescence with its senescence‐associated secretory phenotype, the altered gut microbiota, and the age‐related dysregulation in the production of endogenous molecular waste (Garb‐aging). The main purpose of this review being to thoroughly investigate each step of the pathway from cold‐inflammaging to overt‐inflammaging, because aging, cold‐inflammaging, overt‐inflammaging and the pathogenesis of age‐related diseases have been shown to share some established basic pillars of geroscience that largely converge on inflammaging.
Intravenous chlorpromazine for acute paediatric migraine
Authors: Löllgen Ruth MC , Babl Franz E , Mackay Mark T , Hill Ashley , Palmer Greta M
Published: June 2022

Objective

In paediatric migraine, ibuprofen, acetaminophen and triptans are safe, effective therapies but there is scant paediatric data informing second‐line emergency treatment.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of children diagnosed with migraine at a tertiary children's hospital ED.

Results

There were 207 children with migraine over a 1 year period. 46% received simple oral analgesia. 25% intravenous chlorpromazine, of whom 45% received further analgesia.

Conclusions

While intravenous chlorpromazine as second‐line agent was mostly safe, it had unclear efficacy given the requirement for further treatment and hospital admissions.
Making Disciplinary Information about Professional Accountants Available to the Public in Ontario*
Authors: Odartey‐Wellington Felix , Wardley Leslie
Published: June 2022

The literature notes popular perceptions that accounting scandals are on the rise and that the accounting profession has a trust deficit. Following the unification of accounting designations in Canada in 2014, this paper draws on legitimacy theory and the practices of other professional bodies to examine how the accounting profession in Ontario communicates its accountability regime to build public trust and protect the interests of lay clients. It has been suggested that previous accounting disciplinary regimes lacked transparency to communicate member offenses to the public and thus protected members from public scrutiny. This study reveals that the Chartered Professional Accountants of Ontario has evolved its public awareness regime to create easier public access to member disciplinary details, thus engaging both pragmatic and moral legitimacy. However, more needs to be done to ensure consistency with the public interest objectives of maintaining public trust, transparency, and public awareness.