bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling and effectiveness of a training intervention for the developmentof professional skills in Family and Community Medicine and Nursing Residents: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chacón-Docampo Macarena , Asensio-Martínez Ángela , Rodríguez-Pastoriza Sara , Liñares-Mariñas David , Martín-Miguel María Victoria , Bartolomé-Moreno Cruz , González-Formoso Clara , Clavería Ana
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Healthcare workers, especially medical and nursing residents, are exposed to situations that can lead to burnout. The main factors are organizational. However, it is more feasible for professionals to act on personal factors. There is a growing interest in interventions to prevent and reduce burnout. Objective: To design and evaluate the effectiveness of a face-to-face training intervention compared to its online counterpart and to regular training. The study protocol is presented. Method:Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a pragmatic non-randomized clinical trial of a training intervention to reduce burnout. Family and community care medical and nursing residents 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 promotions of the teaching units of Vigo, Zaragoza and Mallorca. Variables: Sociodemographic, professional, burnout, empathy, resilience, social support, sense of coherence, anxiety and depression, personality, locus of control. Registered in Clinical Trials with ID: NCT04625582 (November 10, 2020) Results: 177 residents. Mean age 27.7 (SD: 3.46), working hours per week 49.3 (SD: 9.78), patients per consultation per day 30.5 (SD: 14.1), and on-call time per month 4.52 (SD: 1.35). When comparing the intervention and control groups, the number of patients per consultation was significant (95% CI: [29.5–34.3], [19.4–27.0]; p < 0.001). Personal, work and patient burnout were positively and significantly correlated with a Pearson correlation greater than 0.4. Conclusions: They show high levels of burnout and correlate with personal and organizational variables. The data obtained are the starting point for the development of intervention programs.
Predictors of dura-brain neoangiogenesis after combined revascularization for patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic cerebral artery occlusion: A multivariate regression analysis
Authors: Ling Cong , Mo Ni , Zhang Baoyu , Tai Chuyang , Yang Yang , Wei Lei , Wang Hui , Chen Chuan
Published: September 2024

Background
The predictors of the efficacy of indirect revascularization in nonmoyamoya patients have not been determined. Our study was designed to investigate the independent predictors of dura-brain neoangiogenesis (DBN) after superficial temporal artery-to-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass combined with dural inversion (DI) in patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic cerebral arterial occlusion (SACAO).
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed SACAO patients who had undergone STA-MCA bypass combined with DI at our center between November 2014 and October 2021. DBN was evaluated by super-selective digital subtraction angiography and scored by the DBN scoring system. Independent predictors of DBN were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The differences in clinical outcomes between patients with “good” and “poor” DBN were also analyzed.
Results
A total of 179 SACAO patients with an average age of 61.3 ± 7.0 years and an average follow-up of 63.0 ± 22.0 months were studied. Ninety-nine patients (55.3%) had good DBN, and 80 patients (44.7%) had poor DBN. Multivariate analysis revealed that old age (p < 0.001, OR [95% CI] 1.288 [1.184–1.400]) was an independent predictor of poor DBN, with an optimal cutoff of 64.5 years. Diabetes (p = 0.005, OR [95% CI] 3.358 [1.434–7.867]) also independently predicted poor DBN. The recurrence rate of ischemic events in the good DBN group was significantly lower than that in the poor DBN group (2.0% vs. 10.0%, p = 0.044). The neurological status of patients in the good DBN group was significantly better than that of patients in the poor DBN group.
Conclusion
Old age and diabetes status were found to be independent predictors of poor DBN after combined revascularization in SACAO patients. Good DBN was associated with a lower recurrence rate of stroke and better neurological status. Future studies are needed to clarify the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms involved.
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Hip Fractures From 1990 to 2021: Results from Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Su Jian-hao , Xiao Zhi-kang , Sun Chang-hao , Xu Gao-xiang , He Jian-feng
Published: September 2024

Background:Hip fracture is a kind of injury with complex nature, difficult treatment and the high proportion of elderly female patients, which is known as the last fracture for elderly. It is an important cause of reducing health level in elderly. Current reports on burden and tendencies of global hip fractures are still incomplete.
Methods: Through the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) database, we extracted the incidence and years lived with disability (YLD) associated with hip fractures from 1990 to 2021. Our study used an estimate of the 95% uncertainty interval. Trends in hip fracture burden were assessed by estimated annual percentage change. Spearman correlation analysis was used for examining the correlation of age-standardization rate with socio-demographic index (SDI).
Results: In 2021, the incidence and YLD of global hip fractures were 16.9 million and 3.1 million, which increased by 126.4% and 75.2% compared with 1990, respectively. In the past 32 years, global incidence rate kept relatively stable in both genders, while YLD rate declined. There was a slight increase of incidence in male, while the both rates were consistently higher in female. The incidence of hip fracture had a positive correlation with SDI, but there was no significant correlation with YLD. Hip fractures appear more frequently for patients over 70 years old. Falls were the pivotal cause of hip fracture, which accounted for 83.1% of total incidence and 79.7% of total YLD.
Conclusions: Hip fractures remain a significant burden on global healthcare systems, with falls being the pivotal cause. The incidence and burden was higher in women, but incidence rate increased slightly in men. The majority of patients were over 70 years old. Countries with high SDI had a higher incidence, while countries with low SDI had a greater burden of disease. Policies should focus on improving malnutrition, promoting public health education on the lifestyle for bone protecting, choosing appropriate measures to prevent falls in the elderly, and raising awareness of osteoporosis screening and treatment (especially for men).
Exploring U.K. cancer doctors’ attitudes toward psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for cancer-related distress
Authors: Mageean Shane , Daniel Anderson , Tai Sara
Published: September 2024

Background
A diagnosis of cancer is often associated with significant psychological distress. Current approaches to cancer-related distress predominantly fall short of meeting the needs of patients. Recent investigations have shown that administering psilocybin in combination with psychotherapy might be effective at reducing distress in cancer patients. Oncologists are often ‘gatekeepers’, who oversee cancer patient care; if this intervention were to become more routinely available, it is important to understand doctors’ attitudes toward psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy.
Method
Nine oncologists who worked across two National Health Service Trusts in England were interviewed using a semi-structured interview approach. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interviews and guide the development of overarching themes and subthemes.
Results
The analysis revealed five overarching themes relating to oncologists’ experiences of cancer-related distress and attitudes towards psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy: current approaches to distress; attitudes towards psychedelics and psilocybin; quality research; service design and delivery; distress and patients from different backgrounds.
Limitations:
Future research should aim to explore the experiences and attitudes of other professionals, such as specialist cancer nurses, who are more likely to broach the subject of distress with cancer patients.
Conclusions
Oncologists are open to novel interventions for supporting patients experiencing cancer-related psychological distress. Future research should aim to address their concerns regarding the safety and potential interactions of psilocybin with anticancer treatments and should stratify trials with different patient groups, owing to the idiosyncratic nature of specific types of cancer.
Neoadjuvant chemoradiation in older Irish adult patients with oesophageal cancer: A retrospective institutional review of clinical outcomes and hematological toxicity
Authors: McLaughlin Ronan Andrew , McMahon David , Cluxton Christopher , Fitzpatrick Orla Meave , Conroy Michael , Almeraikhi Majid , Alkaabi Humaid , Bligh Fianait , O’Neill Brian , Robb William , Arumugasamy Mayilone , Breathnach Oscar Seamus , Grogan William , Hennessy Bryan T , Murphy Adrian , Naidoo Jarsuhka , Greally Megan , Bennett Kathleen , Morris Patrick G
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives:
Neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy improves survival compared with surgery alone in locally advanced oesophageal cancer. In the Chemo-Radiotherapy for Oesophageal cancer followed by Surgery Study (CROSS) randomised controlled trial (RCT), the median age was 60. However, one third of patients diagnosed with oesophageal cancer are aged ≥70 years. The reported outcomes and toxicities from the CROSS RCT are therefore limited in their application to older adult patients. The proportion of older patients with oesophageal cancer is increasing globally due to prolonged life expectancy and an aging population. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes and toxicity reported in older patients (≥70 years) treated with neoadjuvant chemo-radiation for oesophageal cancer compared with those aged < 70 years in a tertiary Irish cancer centre.
Methods:
A retrospective cohort of patients treated with neoadjuvant chemo-radiation for oesophageal cancer was identified between 1st January 2015 and 1st January 2021. Eligible patients with cT1-4aNxM0 oesophageal cancer were identified in the Beaumont RCSI Cancer Centre database. Baseline characteristics and haematological toxicities were reported. Pathological response was reported. Chemotherapy toxicity was reported using the CTCAE Version 5.0. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Survival between groups was compared using the log-rank test, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify factors associated with overall survival (OS).
Results:
In total 105 patients with potentially curable oesophageal cancer were included. One third (n=35) of patients were ≥70 years (older cohort) and 70 (67%) aged <70 years (younger cohort). In the older cohort, the median age was 75 (range: 70-86) and the younger cohort median age was 60 (29-69). The majority in both cohorts were male (73%). In 5 (14%) of the older and 7 (10%) younger cohort, individuals experienced ≥ grade 3 neutropoenia. In total, 80% of the older and 86% of the younger cohort proceeded to surgery. There was no difference in OS between the cohorts. There was also no difference in disease free survival (DFS) between the cohorts.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, in patients aged ≥ 70 years compared to those aged < 70 years, we confirm that neoadjuvant chemoradiation is tolerable. There was no evidence to suggest any differences in OS and DFS between the cohorts. Neoadjuvant therapy in appropriately selected patients aged ≥ 70 years with oesophageal cancer is a reasonable treatment choice.
Association between cardiometabolic index and female infertility: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Zhao Yiran , Shi Weihui , Liu Yang , Qin Ningxin , Huang Hefeng
Published: September 2024

Background
Adverse lipid profile leads to female infertility. The correlation between the cardiometabolic index (CMI) and female infertility merits further investigation.
Methods
The data for this study were acquired from the 2013–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), with 2333 women enrolled. The cardiometabolic index (CMI) of each participant was calculated as the ratio of triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol multiplied by waist-to-height ratio. Weighted multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the independent association between the log-transformed CMI and infertility. Subgroup analyses were carried out to assess the reliability of the findings. Interaction tests were employed to find out if variables affected infertility by interacting with log CMI.
Results
A total of 2333 participants aged 18–45 years were enrolled, 274 of whom were infertile. Log CMI of the infertility group was significantly higher than that of the non-infertility group (P < 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, women with higher CMI were more prevalent of infertility (OR = 2.411, 95% CI: 1.416–4.112), and this association was still consistent in subgroups aged under 35 years (P < 0.001). Furthermore, restricted cubic spline analysis showed a positive non-linear relationship between log CMI and infertility.
Conclusions
Cardiometabolic index levels were positively associated with increased risk of infertility in American females. Our study demonstrated the predictive capacity of CMI for female infertility; nevertheless, additional clarification is required to establish the direct relationship between CMI and female infertility, which will serve as a foundation for future efforts to prevent female infertility.
Immune cells, circulating inflammatory factors and neurodevelopmental disorders: a bidirectional mendelian randomization and mediation analysis
Authors: Liu Zhiyue , Wang Lihong , Yu Lianhu , Zhao Yongheng , Zhu Mengna , Wang Yu , Cao Aihua
Published: September 2024

The roles of various immune cells and circulating inflammatory factors in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) remain controversial. Therefor we employed a two sample and bidirectional mendelian randomization and mediation method to explore the causal relationships between immune cells, circulating inflammatory factors, and NDDs. All data were originated from GWAS datasets. We found a significant positive causal relationship between 13 immune cells and ASD, including six CD8 + T cell, one CD3 + T cell, two CD20 + B cell, one CD38 + B cell, and two plasmacytoid DC. 9 inflammatory factors showed significant causal relationships with ASD: four interleukins (IL-7, IL-2, IL-18) were negatively associated, while five inflammatory factors were positively associated, such as TNF-α. 14 immune cells exhibited significant causal relationships with ADHD. CD3 on naive CD8br and CD4 on activated Treg were positively associated, while four CD27-expressing B cells were positively associated with ASD. Four CD40-expressing monocytes were negatively associated with ADHD. 7 inflammatory factors had significant causal relationships with ADHD: Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 levels (FGF-23), CD40L receptor levels, Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor levels(GDNF), TNF-α were more important among these. Mediation analysis identified 12 mediating relationships, with three showing strong evidence: Natural killer cell receptor 2B4 levels (19.9%), Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 levels (11%) and Eotaxin levels (-5.95%). There were strongly causal relationships between immune cells, circulating inflammatory factors, and NDDs. Inflammatory factors mediated the pathways between immune cells and NDDs.
Epidemiology of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Central and Western Pennsylvania
Authors: Linkov Faina , Chang Yue-Fang , Ramanan Harshitha , Morgan Richard S. , McTigue Kathleen M , Dimmock Anne EF , Bascom Rebecca , Kass Daniel J
Published: September 2024

Background/Rationale: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive disease of unknown origin. Establishing the epidemiology of IPF has been challenging due to diagnostic complexity, poor survival, low prevalence, and heterogeneity of ascertainment methodologies.
Objectives: This research aimed to estimate the rates of IPF in central and western Pennsylvania and to pilot the use of capture recapture (CR) methods to estimate the disease incidence.
Methods: We identified adults ≥ 30 years old diagnosed with IPF (by ICD-9/10 coding) between 2013 to 2021 from two health systems (UPMC Health System and Penn State Health) participating in the PaTH Clinical Research Network. We extracted information on patients’ sex, race, date of birth and 3-digit zip code from electronic health records (EHR). Incidence rate of IPF among Pennsylvania residents was calculated using three case definitions (broad and two restricted) and piloted the use of CR in estimating IPF incidence.
Results: IPF incidence rates were 8.42, 6.95 and 4.4 per 100,000 person-years for the unrestricted (n=3148), partially restricted (n=2598) and fully restricted (n=1661) samples, respectively. Low case overlap between two sites resulted in a highly inflated estimate of IPF incidence, using the CR methodology.
Conclusions: The rate of IPF in central and western Pennsylvania was similar to previously published statistics. The application of CR to IPF epidemiology could be further investigated in health systems with greater overlap of patients utilizing more than one system.
Clinical Trial Registration: N/A
Comparative Survival Analysis of HER2-Positive Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer and Non-Pregnant Cohorts: A matched control study
Authors: Al-Masri Mahmoud , Aljalabneh Basim , AlMasri Rama , Alayyan Osama , Almasri Mohammad , Safi Yasmin
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This retrospective matched cohort single-center study focused on comparing prognosis between HER2-positive PABC and non-pregnant individuals with HER2-positive breast cancer.
Methods: Clinical and histopathological data were collected from a prospectively maintained patient database at King Hussein Cancer Center, a tertiary cancer-care center in Jordan. The study analyzed overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and event-free survival (EFS) in HER2-positive PABC matched 1:1 to non-pregnant patients with HER2-positive breast cancer (non-PABC).
Results: The analysis encompassed 128 patients, divided into two main groups: 64 patients diagnosed with PABC and 64 patients classified as non-PABC cases. Although there was not a statistically significant difference in OS between non-pregnant and pregnant individuals (p=0.12), it was notable that pregnant individuals experienced a significant delay in the initiation of anti-HER2 treatment (23.8± 19.3 weeks, p= 0.02). Additionally, there was a higher risk of recurrence or events in pregnant individuals, emphasizing the potential impact of pregnancy on these survival outcomes (HR=1.93, p=0.029 and HR=2.00, p=0.02, respectively). Furthermore, PABC individuals who completed the 12-months of anti-HER2 treatment were comparable to non-PABC individuals who completed the same treatment (p=0.3), while incomplete treatment significantly affected survival outcomes (HR=4.94, 95% CI: 1.41 to 17.3, p=0.012).
Conclusion: Despite a notable delay in the initiation of anti-HER2 treatment in PABC patients compared to non-PABC cases, both cohorts exhibited similar prognostic outcomes in terms of overall survival when anti-HER2 treatment has been completed. This discovery emphasizes the importance of promptly initiating and completing anti-HER2 treatment in pregnant individuals to optimize prognosis.
Surgery for Brain Metastases: Review of outcomes and focused analysis of multiple metastases and recurrent metastases following stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Shaikh Salman T. , Pattankar Sanjeev , Nambiar Rohit , Sahibzada Haseeb , D'Urso Pietro , Coope David , Bailey Matthew , Maye Helen , Karabatsou Konstantina
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Brain metastases require multimodal and multidisciplinary management. We have reviewed our outcomes of surgically treated brain metastases in the modern era and also performed a sub-analysis of multiple intracranial metastases and recurrent metastases resected following stereotactic radiosurgery.
Methods: A single institute, retrospective, statistical analysis of patients with surgically excised brain metastases over 10 years performed at Salford Royal Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom. Patient records accessed from the Neurooncology database and electronic records.
Results: A total of 345 patients had 379 surgeries for resection of their brain metastases from January 2013 until December 2022. Mean age of the group was 59.49 ± 12.25 years. Lung (35%) and breast (19%) were the most common primaries. There were 138 patients with multiple metastases at the time of surgery, amongst which 23 underwent simultaneous resection of > 1 metastasis. There were 37 patients post-SRS who had surgery for an enlarging lesion. Mean overall survival (OS) was 31.083 months with a 2-year OS of 30.63% whereas mean progression free survival (PFS) was 22.33 months. Adjuvant therapy was the common statistically significant factor for both OS and PFS while redo surgery for OS and age for PFS was an additional significant parameter. Amongst surgically treated patients, ones receiving preoperative SRS and any adjuvant therapy had statistically significant longer OS (39 months) and PFS (20 months).
Conclusions: Multimodal approach encompassing surgical resection either at diagnosis or revisional for recurrence post SRS/surgery, offers the best survival and progression-free outcomes. Surgery alleviates neurological manifestations and improves patient compliance for adjuvant therapy improving overall prognosis.
Machine learning aided UV Absorbance Spectroscopy for microbial contamination in cell therapy products
Authors: Chelvam Shruthi Pandi , Ng Alice , Huang Jiayi , Lee Elizabeth , Baranski Maciej , Yong Derrick , Williams Rohan B.H. , Springs Stacy L. , J Rajeev
Published: September 2024

We demonstrate the use of machine-learning aided UV absorbance spectroscopy to detect contamination during cell therapy product (CTP) manufacturing. The proposed method leverages a one-class support vector machine model to analyse the absorbance spectra of cell cultures and predict if a sample is sterile or contaminated. This label-free and non-invasive method provides a rapid output (30 minutes) with minimal sample preparation and sample volume (<1mL). Spiking of 7 bacterial species into mesenchymal stromal cells supernatant aliquots from 6 commercial donors showed that contamination events could be detected at low inoculums with mean true positive and negative rates of 92.7% and 77.7% respectively. Accounting for donor variation improved specificity to 92.0%. In cells spiked with 10 CFUs/mL of E.coli, contamination was detected at the 21-hour timepoint, demonstrating comparable sensitivity to compendial USP <71> test (~24 hours). We hypothesize that spectral differences between nicotinic acid and nicotinamide in the UV region are the underlying mechanisms for contamination detection. This technique can be deployed as a preliminary test during different CTP manufacturing stages where cultures can be monitored real-time to detect early onset of microbial contamination, assuring safety of CTP prior to infusion into patients.
Functional analyses of TET2 in vivo and in vitro reveal endothelial-specific roles in interferon responses that are dysregulated in hyperglycaemia
Authors: Green Hannah L. H. , Sum Hashum , Sinha Palak , Visnagri Asjad , Brewer Alison C.
Published: September 2024

Background
Endothelial dysfunction represents a critical early event in the development of vascular disease but its aetiology remains unknown. However, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including hyperglycaemia, correlate with altered DNA methylation patterns both in vivo and in vitro. Ten-Eleven-Translocation 2 (TET2) catalyses successive oxidation of 5-methylcytosine to facilitate DNA demethylation. Loss-of-function mutations of TET2 in haematopoietic cells are associated with cardiovascular disease, and decreased TET2 protein stability is observed in diabetic patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, the contribution of TET2 to endothelial function and the extent to which dysregulated TET2 activity might participate in endothelial dysfunction in diabetes remain incompletely understood.
Methods
Responses of wild-type and TET2fl/fl Cdh5-CreERT2 mouse aortae to vasoconstrictors and vasodilators were measured in an organ bath. Targets of TET2-mediated transcriptional regulation were identified by RNA sequencing of lung CD31 + cells from these mice, and by qPCR following silencing of TET2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Comparisons were made between genes differentially expressed upon TET2 ablation or exposure to hyperglycaemia in vivo. Specific gene loci associated with altered TET activity following interferon gamma (IFNγ) treatment were assessed by hydroxymethylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing.
Results
Endothelial-specific deletion of TET2 did not alter responses of aortic rings to acetylcholine or phenylephrine. The absence of TET2 in murine lung CD31 + cells dysregulated pathways including response to IFNγ and leukocyte activation, bearing significant resemblance to pathways dysregulated by exposure to hyperglycaemia. The IFNγ-induced transcription of CXCL9 and CXCL10 in HUVEC correlated with a striking gain of 5hmC deposition at an enhancer region between CXCL9 and CXCL10 gene loci. Silencing of TET2 or high glucose administration acted similarly to reduce this IFNγ-induced expression.
Conclusions
TET2 transcriptionally regulates IFNγ responses and leukocyte activation pathways in endothelial cells. TET2 is likely to regulate the IFNγ-induced expression of CXCL9 and CXCL10 via its catalytic activity, causing demethylation of an intergenic enhancer region. Decreased TET2 activity may contribute to the altered expression of a subset of genes dysregulated by hyperglycaemic exposure. These findings may provide insight into the epigenetic and transcriptional reprogramming induced by hyperglycaemia, leading to endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease.
Association between Weight-Adjusted Waist Index and Chronic Pain in U.S. adults: a Cross- Sectional Study
Authors: Liu Huili , Gao Ya , Bai Xue , Chen Mingan , Xie Ruijie , Song Yanan , Li Min
Published: September 2024

Background
Chronic pain is associated with significant levels of disability and is widely considered an important public health problem. Current evidence implicates a significant link between chronic pain and obesity, along with associated metabolic dysfunctions. The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) is an innovative measure for obesity. This study aims to explore the association between WWI and chronic pain among American adults.
Methods
This study used data from the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Chronic pain was defined as self-reported pain lasting for ≥ 3 months in the past year. Weighted multivariate linear regression and smoothed curve fitting were conducted to investigate the linear associations between WWI and chronic pain. Threshold effects were determined using a two-part linear regression model. Subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate factors influencing the relationship between WWI and chronic pain.
Results
Among the 12,694 participants, 1,856 (14.62%) experienced chronic pain. After complete adjustment, every unit increase in WWI correlated with a 10% higher odds of chronic pain prevalence (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.19, P = 0.036). Individuals in the highest WWI quartile (11.54–15.52) cm/\(\:\sqrt{\text{k}\text{g}}\) had a 31% increased odds of chronic pain prevalence compared to those in the lowest quartile (7.90–10.36) cm/\(\:\sqrt{\text{k}\text{g}}\) (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.08–1.60, P = 0.016). The positive association between WWI and chronic pain remained persisted across all subcategories except for race. The saturation effect between WWI and chronic pain was observed, with the inflection point at 11.88 cm/\(\:\sqrt{\text{k}\text{g}}\) for all participants and 11.79 cm/\(\:\sqrt{\text{k}\text{g}}\) for females.
Conclusions
Our research demonstrated a notable positive association between WWI and chronic pain. These findings help public health officials better understand of importance of controlling abdominal obesity in alleviating chronic pain, aid in the development and evaluation of pain management programs, and develop optimal interventions to diagnose and treat chronic pain.
Bayesian modeling of volatility in stock price using ARCH-GARCH with stan in R
Authors: Haqbin Sayed Rahmi Khuda , Khan Athar Ali
Published: September 2024

Stock price data naturally exhibits volatility. Specialized models are necessary to accurately represent and account for this volatile nature when modeling stock prices. This study employs a Bayesian approach to analyze ARCH and GARCH models applied to Apple stock price data. Leveraging the Stan probabilistic programming language within R, the research estimates model parameters and assesses volatility dynamics. Through Bayesian methods, the analysis incorporates prior information, enhancing parameter estimation and providing uncertainty measures for stock price forecasts. Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling techniques are utilized to obtain posterior distributions, revealing insights into volatility patterns, including clustering and persistence, within Apple stock prices. The study showcases the versatility of Bayesian techniques in financial econometrics, enabling model comparison and predictive performance assessment. Results offer valuable insights for investors, risk managers, and policymakers, aiding in understanding and managing stock price volatility.
Hunger Induced Perceptional Shift Influence Decisive Behavior In Zebrafish
Authors: Chathooth Nimisha , Chalil Muhammed Sinan Malik Purathe , Amar Atheena , Sivarajan Dhanusha , Kuniyil Ashil Arroth , Ramachandran Binu
Published: September 2024

The plasticity of behavioral traits is shaped by a complex interplay of metabolic state and extrinsic factors. All organisms including human beings are subjected to behavioral choices and complex decision-making processes. The normal mechanism underlying the behavioral choice requires flexibility in potential cost and benefit for better survival. Decisive behavior is closely linked to perception, through which organisms evaluate and interpret the available options, consciously or subconsciously, and settle on the best possible choice as the final decision. Decisions to escape from threats and approaching the prey are crucial for the survival of organisms and perception of predatory and prey stimuli influence these decisions. The predatory-prey perception is influenced by feeding state and hunger induces increased aggression and may influence decisive choice. Here zebrafish perceive small black dots as their prey and decide to approach it. In a hungry state, the perception of small dots as prey and the frequency of visits are higher than in a normal well-fed state. The zebrafish was exposed to its sympatric predator (Anabas) and showed avoidance behavior to both dots and predator in a normal state. In a hungry state, zebrafish exposed to both dots and predator, take more risks to approach the dots by avoiding predatory stimuli presented on the same side. These modulations in decisive behavior is triggered by predatory-prey perceptional shifts due to induced feeding state and the decision to take a risk in between life and a nutritional benefit is achieved by a balance between costs and benefits. Our results support, how hunger shifts behavioral decisions from avoidance to approach and thereby influences decisive behavior in zebrafish.
Time Trends in Adolescent Diagnoses of Major Depressive Disorder and Co-occurring Psychiatric Conditions in Electronic Health Records
Authors: Wilson Marina , Lee Hyunjoon , Dall'Aglio Lorenza , Li Xinyun , Kumar Anushka , Colvin Mary K. , Smoller Jordan W. , Beardslee William R. , Choi Karmel W.
Published: September 2024

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent in youth and generally characterized by psychiatric comorbidities. Secular trends in co-occurring diagnoses remain unclear, especially in healthcare settings. Using large-scale electronic health records data from a major U.S. healthcare system, we examined the prevalence of MDD diagnoses and co-occurring psychiatric conditions during adolescence (12–18 years; N = 133,753) across four generations (birth years spanning 1985 to 2002) and by sex. Then using a phenome-wide association analysis, we explored which of 67 psychiatric conditions were associated with adolescent MDD diagnosis in earlier versus recent generations. Adolescent MDD diagnosis prevalence increased (8.9 to 11.4%) over time. Over 60% with an MDD diagnosis had co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses, especially neurodevelopmental and anxiety disorders. Co-occurring diagnoses generally increased over time, especially for anxiety disorders (14 to 50%) and suicidal behaviors (6 to 23%), across both sexes. Eight comorbidities interacted with generation, showing stronger associations with MDD diagnosis in earlier (e.g., conduct disorder) versus more recent (e.g., suicidal ideation and behaviors) generations. The findings underscore the importance of assessing psychiatric complexity in adolescents diagnosed with MDD, applying transdiagnostic approaches to address co-occurring presentations, and further investigating potential causes for generational increases.
Numerical simulation of turbulent fountains with negative buoyancy
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ahsan , Addona Fabio , Chiapponi Luca , Merli Nicolò , Archetti Renata
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates the flow dynamics of a turbulent fountain with negative buoyancy using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. A fountain is created when a denser source fluid is injected upward into a lighter ambient fluid, or a lighter source fluid is injected downward into a denser ambient fluid; this study focuses on the former scenario. The numerical model, developed using OpenFOAM®, has been calibrated against laboratory experiments. The simulations effectively replicate the geometry and buoyancy fluxes of the fountain, showing good agreement between the numerical and experimental velocity fields. These simulations are both original and valuable, enabling the quantification of momentum and mass fluxes for various source fluid densities and offering insights into turbulence phenomena. Furthermore, the generated data serve as a significant resource for the development of future CFD models.
Suboptimal health among Chinese middle school students may be associated with psychological symptoms and sleep duration: A cross-sectional survey in China
Authors: Zhong Zhaohao , Chen Shangmin , Zhang Xiaowei , Chen Hengwei , Li Liping
Published: September 2024

Background
Suboptimal health status (SHS) is an intermediate status between ideal heath and illness, it is characterized by the perception of health complaints, general weakness, decreased immunity and low energy. More and more Chinese students have been troubled by psychological symptoms (PS). The relationship between SHS and PS is unclear in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SHS and PS in Chinese adolescents and the relationship between SHS and PS and to identify the risk factors of SHS from the perspective of public health.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with the cluster sampling method among 1955 middle school students in Shantou, China. SHS was assessed by Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire-25 (SHSQ-25). And the PS of anxiety and depression were assessed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ Scale (BDI-Ⅱ) self-assessment questionnaires. Variate logistic analysis was applied to explore risk factors of SHS. The relationship between SHS and PS among Chinese middle school students was subsequently analyzed.
Results
Among the 1955 participants, 1904 middle school students were finally included in the analysis, the effective response rate was 97.39%. The prevalence of SHS was 10.3% (197/1904) while the prevalence of anxiety and depression was 30.7% (585/1904) and 34.1% (649/1904), respectively. A strong correlation was identified between SHS and PS among middle school students. With the aggravation of anxiety and depression, the probability of suffering from SHS increased (both P<0.01). The scores for various dimensions of SHS among the depression and anxiety groups were higher compared to those of the non-depression and non-anxiety groups (all P<0.01 ). Multivariate regression showed that compared with sleeping less than six hours, 6–8 hours is a protective factor for SHS (OR = 0.486, 95%CI = 0.278–0.851).
Conclusions
Attention should be paid to the SHS and PS of Chinese middle school students and there is a strong association between SHS and PS among them. Lack of sleep is a risk factor for SHS so that sufficient sleeping time should be highly recommended as an advised measure to prevent SHS. Further discovering the risk factors of SHS and ensuring adequate sleep will benefit the health status of adolescents.
A Transparent Look at How Taxes Affect Growth: Evidence from Cross-Country Panel Data
Authors: Kawano Laura , Olson John , Slemrod Joel , Hsieh Meng Hsuan
Published: September 2024

We evaluate how different methodological choices affect the conclusions drawn about the effect of tax policy on economic growth using cross-country panel data. These analyses do not credibly support claims that tax rate changes have a statistically robust medium-term impact on national income. We then re-assess this literature in light of the recent econometric insights on estimation with staggered treatments, and find that a causal estimate of the effect of the first tax change again yields no statistically significant effect of taxes on economic growth.
JEL Classification: H24, H25, E62, N10, O47
Exploring the Effects of Delphinidin Treatment on Browning Processes in 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte Cells: A Foodomics Approach
Authors: DEMET Elif Didem ÖRS , BAŞ Kübra Uçar , Agacdiken Aslıhan , Aslan Dilem Tugal , Recber Tuba , gulsun Tugba , Çelebier Mustafa , Göktaş Zeynep
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
Foodomics uses advanced omics technologies to evaluate the molecular effects of food components in organisms. Delphinidin, a valuable polyphenol anthocyanidin, has demonstrated protective effects against obesity-related conditions, making it a promising candidate for dietary supplements. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of delphinidin treatment (5, 10, and 20 µM) on 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell culture on thermogenesis and browning processes.
Methods:
We treated cells in two different stages of adipocyte formation: in the differentiation and the maturation process. To achieve this, we evaluated the expressions of main protein markers (UCP-1, PGC1-α, and PPARγ) and genes correlated with browning (UCP-1, PPARγ, C/EBPβ, PGC1-α, CIDEA, FABP4, and PRDM16) and lipid metabolism in delphinidin treated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes cells. The GC/MS-based Metabolomics method was used to understand the effect of delphinidin at the lipid level.
Results:
The results suggest that delphinidin might contribute to the browning of tissue in relation to important regulators of browning genes like UCP1 and PRDM16. However, it did not impact PPARγ, C/EBPβ, and FABP4 – which are regulators of adipogenesis. The foodomics approach combining multi-omics data suggest that delphinidin interacts in different pathways of metabolism. Delphinidin exhibited effects on metabolites such as glyceraldehyde, alanine, and porphine – indicating its involvement in metabolic pathways.
Conclusion:
These findings provide a valuable foundation for developing obesity therapeutics through dietary supplements, though further studies are needed to confirm delphinidin’s browning effects.
Analysis of potential categories of cognitive impairment in adolescents' Internet use and its influencing factors
Authors: Zhu Wei , Wang Linlin , Yang Tao , Su Xin , Guo Yaxue , Wang Lan , Dong Xueqing , Zhang Yin , Pan Minghao
Published: September 2024

Background
The potential category analysis method was used to explore the potential categories of adolescents' cognitive impairment in Internet use, and the differences and influencing factors of adolescents with different characteristics of cognitive impairment in Internet use in each scale were analyzed.
Method
Potential category analysis was used to classify adolescents' cognitive impairment in Internet use, and disordered multiple classification logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of various factors on different categories.
Result
Adolescents' cognitive impairment in Internet use can be divided into four types, among which 19.61% are avoidance and self-satisfaction type, 6.912% are high cognitive impairment type, 18.76% are weak impulse control type and 54.7% are good cognitive impairment type;The disordered multi-classification Logistic regression results show that, Different categories of adolescents' cognitive impairment in Internet use were in grade, personality, gender, student origin, number of good friends in real life, good friends in the school, adolescent cognitive impairment in Internet use scale, social media use scale, Internet addiction scale, information overload scale, information avoidance scale, fear of Missing out scale, core self-evaluation scale, positive and negative emotion scale, and cumulative students Compared with the state risk scale, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
According to different categories of adolescents with cognitive impairment in Internet use, targeted intervention measures should be taken to alleviate their psychological distress. For the avoidant and self-satisfied type of Internet use, we should improve their ability to resist pressure and relieve negative emotions and anxiety. Social participation and social support should be enhanced to reduce the effects of loneliness and low self-esteem on people with high cognitive impairment in Internet use. For those with weak impulse control in Internet use, it is necessary to strengthen their control over their desire to surf the Internet and their time to improve their self-control. In view of the good cognition of Internet use, corresponding measures should be taken to maintain the good cognition of Internet use.
Can insulin resistance be explained by increased chain splitting of insulin before its action?
Authors: Sturis Jeppe , Cramer Christian , Hubálek František , Brand Christian , Helleberg Hans , Kurtzhals Peter
Published: September 2024

Despite decades of intense research, the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance are still poorly understood. What if a major cause of insulin resistance is not related to defects in the target tissues and/or insulin receptor signaling, but rather to a reduced survival of endogenously secreted insulin on its way to activating the receptor on the cell surface of the target tissues? Here, we present data and lay out arguments in support of this novel hypothesis which is fundamentally different from the common view that insulin resistance is caused by the body's cells becoming less sensitive to insulin.
Enabling the Multiscale Interfacial Stabilization for Ah-level Anode-free Lithium Metal Battery via a Prelithiation Separator strategy
Authors: Ma Yue , Shao Ahu , Wang Helin , Zhang Min , Liu Jiacheng , Chen Lu , Li Yongsong , Guo Yuxiang , Wang Zhiqiao , Jia Qiurong , Wang Xin , Tang Xiaoyu , Zhao Xiaodong
Published: September 2024

Featuring the straightforward assembly of fully lithiated cathodes with bared current collectors, anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) nominally achieve the highest gravimetric/volumetric energy densities with minimum Li host in excess, simplified anode processing, as well as the reduced labor/cost of cell manufacturing and maintenance. Nevertheless, issues of parasitic interfacial reactions, high-voltage cathode collapse and the irreversible Li+ plating on the deposition substrate, collectively deplete the cation reservoir of cell models. This study thus proposes a separator strategy to enable the multiscale interfacial stabilization for Ah-level AFLMB model. Specifically, the sacrificial Li2S@C prelithiation layer loaded on the polyolefin separator (Li2S@C|PE), not only supplements the customized Li+ inventory during the formation cycle, but also establishes the lithium polysulfides containing cathode interface with the high-voltage tolerance (till 4.5V). Through the combined analysis of in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and transmission-mode operando X-ray diffraction, the enhanced Li+ diffusivity and reversible phase evolution of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode as in contact with the prelithiation separator are real-time documented. Upon the cell assembly of Li2S@C|PE separator with the Ag modified Cu foil (Ag-Cu) and densely-packed LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode (25.0 mg cm− 2) under lean electrolyte condition (E/C 1.8 g Ah− 1), the 1.22 Ah pouch-format prototype balances the robust cycling endurance, gravimetric/volumetric energy densities of 450 Wh kg− 1/1355 Wh L− 1, as well as extreme power output up to 830.6 W kg− 1. This prelithiation protocol demonstrates upscaling potential and generic applicability to secure the interfacial chemistries for anode-less/-free LMB configurations.
Belo Monte Dam impacts: Protagonism of local people in research and monitoring reveals ecosystem service decay in Amazonian flooded vegetation
Authors: Quaresma A. , Zuquim G. , Demarchi L.O. , Ribas C.C. , Wittmann F. , Assunção A.M. , Carneiro C.C , Ferreira P.P. , Juruna J.J.P. , Juruna R.T.V. da S. , Kleme M.S.S. , Lima S.B. , Lima  , Mantovanelli T.R. , Martins G. M. , Muriel-Cunha J. , Nunes J.A. , Palmquist H. , Pereira T.J.C. , Pezzuti J.C.B. , Piedade M.T.F. , Reis O.B. , Ritter C.D. , Santos R.S. , Sawakuchi A.O. , Silva A.S. da , Silva H.B. da , Wahnfried I. , Zuanon J. , Juruna J.J.P. , Silva R. Cruz e
Published: September 2024

The Amazonian river-floodplain systems face unprecedented threats from the construction of hydroelectric power plants aimed at meeting Brazil's energy demands. However, evidence suggests that the long-term economic, social, and environmental damages outweigh the hydroelectricity advantages. The Volta Grande do Xingu was dammed and its water diverted to energy production, resulting in habitat loss by the altered hydrological regimes. Flooded environments are vital for ecosystem services, including food production, biogeochemical cycles, and climate regulation. The construction and operation of hydropower plants disrupts these services, affecting Indigenous populations and ribeirinhoscommunities. Environmental Impact Assessments often underestimate these impacts, and the responsibility for monitoring falls on the companies themselves, leading to conflicts of interest and inadequate reporting. This triggered an Independent Territorial Environmental Monitoring (MATI-VGX) initiative, led by Indigenous and ribeirinhos researchers in partnership with academics. MATI-VGX's observations reveal changes in flooded ecosystems, including increased seedling density and leaf-cutter ant colonies in the understory, changes in plant species composition, disruption of the phenological cycle, and vegetation mortality. Moreover, reduced fruit dispersion disrupts the aquatic food web and threatens Indigenous and ribeirinhos food sources. These changes indicate ecosystem decay and disruption of ecological processes. Importantly, these impacts are noticeable after a short period of water diversion, highlighting the urgency of mitigation efforts. A research agenda must quantify tree mortality, understand physiological mechanisms, and assess the cascade effects on wildlife and food security. Ultimately, restoring natural hydrological patterns is essential for preserving Amazonian biodiversity and the livelihoods of Indigenous and ribeirinhos communities.