bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tunable FSRS Measurements with Reduced Background Signals: Using a Low-Finesse Etalon Filter to Generate Picosecond Pump Pulses in the 460-650 nm Range
Authors: Lorenzo Emmaline R. , Karki Birendra , White Katie E. , Burns Kristen H. , Elles Christopher G.
Published: September 2024

Generating wavelength-tunable picosecond laser pulses from an ultrafast laser source is essential for femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering (FSRS) measurements. Etalon filters produce narrowband (picosecond) pulses with an asymmetric temporal profile that is ideal for stimulated resonance Raman excitation. However, etalon filters with high finesse are typically only useful at the laser fundamental and harmonic frequencies due to very low throughput and limited tunability. Here, we show that a single etalon filter with low finesse (15 cm–1 bandwidth, 172 cm–1 free spectral range) provides an efficient and tunable option for generating Raman pump pulses over a wide range of wavelengths when used in combination with an optical parametric amplifier and a second harmonic generation (SHG) crystal that has an appropriate phase-matching bandwidth. Tuning the SHG wavelength to match individual transmission lines of the etalon filter gives asymmetric picosecond pump pulses over a range of 460-650 nm. The SHG crystal length determines the temporal rise time of the pulse, which is an important property for reducing background and increasing Raman signals compared with symmetric pulses having the same total energy. This approach provides a relatively simple and efficient method to generate optimally shaped picosecond pump pulses for resonance-enhanced FSRS measurements across the visible region of the spectrum.
A microfluidic system for cultivation of cyanobacteria with precise light intensity and CO2 control: Enabling growth data acquisition at single-cell resolution.
Authors: Witting Lennart , Seiffarth Johannes , Stute Birgit , Schulze Tim , Hofer Jan Matthis , Nöh Katharina , Eisenhut Marion , Weber Andreas , von Lieres Eric , Kohlheyer Dietrich
Published: September 2024

Quantification of cell growth is central to any study of photoautotrophic microorganisms. However, cellular self-shading and limited CO2 control in conventional photobioreactors lead to heterogeneous conditions that obscure distinct correlations between the environment and cellular physiology. Here we present a microfluidic cultivation platform that enables precise analysis of cyanobacterial growth with spatio-temporal resolution. Since cyanobacteria are cultivated in monolayers, cellular self-shading does not occur, allowing homogeneous illumination and precise knowledge of the photonflux density at single-cell resolution. A single chip contains multiple channels, each connected to several hundred growth chambers. In combination with an externally applied light gradient, this setup enables high-throughput multi-parameter analysis in short time. In addition, the multilayered microfluidic design allows continuous perfusion of defined gas mixtures. Transversal CO2 diffusion across the intermediate polydimethylsiloxane membrane results in homogeneous CO2 supply, with a unique exchange-surface to cultivation-volume ratio. Three cyanobacterial model strains were examined under various, static and dynamic environmental conditions. Phase-contrast and chlorophyllfluorescence images were recorded by automated time-lapse microscopy. Deep-learning trained cell segmentation was used to efficiently analyse large image stacks, thereby generating statistically reliable data. Cell division was highly synchronized, and growth was robust under continuous illumination but stopped rapidly upon initiating dark phases. CO2-limitation, often a limiting factor in photobioreactors, was only observed when the device was operated under reduced CO2 between 50 and 0 ppm. Here we provide comprehensive and precise data on cyanobacterial growth at single-cell resolution, accessible for further growth studies and modeling.
Development of an Expert System for a DO-IT-YOURSELF First-Aid Fault Diagnosis and Resolution of Car-Brake Systems
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, University of Cross River State,  Calabar, Nigeria, Obidinnu Julius N.
Published: September 2024

The condition of the brake system in a motor-car is a very important factor in driving. Many drivers either do not know the warning signs of brake system disorders or cannot help themselves to resolve the simpler ones. We present herein, the models that identify the problems and their solution processes. The data collected from various automobile experts were structured in such a way that they become models, where each problem is linked to different symptoms and correction advices. We developed a diagnostic algorithm, which guided the transformation of the models into a car brake expert system. The program can be installed in a laptop, and overtime, embedded into car dash-boards, to enable drivers conduct FIRST-AID fault rectification routines where the mechanic is not near. This will save time, money, frustration and possibly accident
LA GESTIÓN ACADÉMICA ESTRATÉGICA CON PERSPECTIVA EMPRENDEDORA EN UNA UNIVERSIDAD PÚBLICA, REGIÓN AMAZONAS
Authors: Sánchez Altamirano Fernando Rogelio
Published: September 2024

La integración de un enfoque emprendedor en la gestión académica de instituciones de educación superior es fundamental para equipar a los estudiantes frente a las exigencias del actual mercado laboral. Esta investigación se propuso evaluar la percepción sobre la gestión académica estratégica con orientación emprendedora en una Facultad de Universidad Pública de la región Amazonas, 2023. Se utilizó una metodología no experimental, de corte transversal y alcance descriptivo, empleando el análisis de distribución de frecuencias para cuantificar las percepciones de docentes y alumnos. Los hallazgos indicaron que una proporción considerable de docentes (71%) expresó preocupaciones significativas sobre aspectos de la gestión académica que requieren mejoras o no están siendo abordados adecuadamente. En cuanto a los estudiantes, la mitad de ellos (50%) manifestó inquietudes y descontento con ciertos elementos de la gestión académica actual. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la existencia de áreas críticas que demandan atención y mejoras para satisfacer las expectativas y necesidades emprendedoras del alumnado.
Alien macrocrustaceans in freshwater ecosystems in the eastern part of Flanders (Belgium)
Authors: Messiaen Marjolein , Lock Koen , Gabriëls Wim , Vercauteren Thierry , Wouters Karel , Boets Pieter , Goethals Peter L.M.
Published: September 2024

Biological invasions of freshwater macroinvertebrates are gaining more and more interest because the ecological and economical impact of some of these species is high. Since crustacean taxa appear to be successful groups invading new areas, an inventory of the macrocrustaceans in Flanders was made. At least 22 freshwater macrocrustacean species have been reported from Flemish water bodies. A detailed study of six canals, one small artificial watercourse and one natural river in the eastern part of Flanders revealed that invaders such as Dikerogammarus villosus, Gammarus tigrinus and Chelicorophium curvispinum are already quite common. Especially D. villosus is currently rapidly expanding and has a serious impact on native and other exotic gammarid species. Based on observations in neighbouring countries, several additional species are expected to arrive in the near future. A follow-up of the alien species together with a monitoring scheme to detect new incoming species is valuable to estimate the size of the problem and to be able to closely follow their ecological and economical impact.
The ultrastructural immunolocalization of loricrin in the hairy epidermis of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus, Monotremata) indicates it contributes to the formation of the cell corneous envelope
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo
Published: September 2024

The fine localization of loricrin, a major protein of the cell corneous envelope, is known for the epidermis of few species of placental mammals. The localization of this protein has been studied by immunocytochemistry in the hairy epidermis (orthokeratotic) of the platypus, a representative of monotremes, and compared with the localization of the protein in the epidermis of placental mammals. In the hairy epidermis small keratohyaline granules of 0.1-0.3 μm are present in transitional cells of the stratum granulosum. An anti-loricrin antibody labels the pale component of keratohyaline granules, the corneous mass of transitional corneocytes, and mainly the corneous cell envelope of corneocytes in the stratum corneum. The last pattern resembles that of the hairy epidermis of placental mammals and differs from the diffuse distribution of loricrin previously described in the parakeratotic epidermis of the platypus. The study confirms that the final pattern of distribution of loricrin in the hairy epidermis of the platypus is as previously observed in corneocytes of placental mammals.
Numerical Approach to Burgers’ Equation in Dusty Plasmas With Dust Charge Variation
Authors: Deka Harekrishna , Sarma Jnanjyoti
Published: September 2024

In this paper, the Crank-Nicholson method is applied to solve the one-dimensional nonlinear Burgers’ equation in warm, dusty plasmas with dust charge variation. After obtaining numerical results, a thorough analysis is conducted and compared against analytical solutions. On the basis of the comparison, it is evident that the numerical results obtained from the analysis are in good agreement with the analytical solution. The error between the analytical and numerical solutions of the Burgers’ equation is calculated by two error norms, namely L2 and L∞. A Von-Neumann stability analysis is performed on the present method, and it is found to be unconditionally stable according to the Von-Neumann analysis.
A Simplistic Analytical Model for Hydrogen Surface Coverage Under the Influence of Various Surface-Related Processes and Ion Bombardment
Authors: Okseniuk Ivan I. , Litvinov Viktor O. , Shevchenko Dmytro I. , Afanasieva Inna O. , Bobkov Valentyn V.
Published: September 2024

The paper describes a simple analytical model that allows the calculation of hydrogen surface coverage under the influence of several processes that can co-occur during the ion-beam bombardment/sputter analysis of a sample surface, in particular during analysis by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The model considers processes of dissociative adsorption, desorption, absorption from the surface into the sample volume, and removal by ion bombardment. After describing the model, we provide some examples of its practical applications for interpretation of the experimental results obtained during in situ SIMS studies of hydrogen interaction with the hydrogen-storage alloys TiFe, Zr2Fe, and with nickel. In the examples, some quantitative characteristics of surface-related processes involving hydrogen, such as hydrogen sputtering rate, activation energy of hydrogen desorption and absorption, have been successfully determined using various model approaches.
Free Convective MHD Radioactive Flow Across a Vertical Plate Enclosed in a Porous Medium Taking into Account Viscous-Dissipation, Thermo-Diffusion and Chemical-Reaction
Authors: Akhtar Salma , Borah Keshab , Chakraborty Shyamanta
Published: September 2024

The paper examines solution for a two-dimensional steady, viscous, heat dissipation, incompressible hydro-magnetic free convective flow past a uniformly moving vertical porous plate immersed in a porous material in the presence of the Soret effect, Dofour effect and Chemical reaction. A constant magnetic field is directed into the fluid area perpendicular to the plate. The MATLAB built-in bvp4c solver approach is used to solve the governing non-dimensional equations. The discussion of the current issue focuses mostly on the impacts of thermal diffusion, magnetic field, thermal radiation, Grashof number, Soret number, Dufour number, and chemical reaction. It is observed that the Soret number improves fluid temperature. In addition, the fluid's temperature, concentration, and velocity all drop as the magnetic field parameter rises. Although the heat dissipation caused by the medium's porosity is usually disregarded in convective MHD flow simulations, it is considered in this work.
Numerical Analysis of Entropy Generation of MHD Casson Fluid Flow Through an Inclined Plate with Soret Effect
Authors: Phukan Parismita , Deka Hiren , Haloi Puja
Published: September 2024

In this present study, entropy generation for an unsteady MHD Casson fluid flow through an oscillating inclined plate is investigated. Here, along with reaction by chemical and thermal radiation incorporation of Soret effect is also analysed. The solution of the equation which governs the flow problem are obtained by finite difference method (FDM). The features of flow velocity, concentration and temperature are analyzed by designing graphs and their physical behaviour is reviewed in details to study the impact of different parameters on the fluid problem. The skin friction, the rate of heat and mass transfer of the fluid problem also has significant impact under the influence of the parameters. The results indicate that Soret effect and other parameters has considerable impact on an unsteady MHD casson fluid and on the total entropy due to heat transfer and flow friction.
Analysis of Kinetic Properties and Tunnel-Coupled States in Asymmetrical Multilayer Semiconductor Structures
Authors: Rasulov Rustam Y. , Rasulov Vokhob R. , Urinova Kamolakhon K. , Muminov Islombek A. , Akhmedov Bakhodir B.
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the kinetic properties of both symmetrical and asymmetrical multilayer and nano-sized semiconductor structures. We develop a theoretical framework using various models and mathematical methods to solve the Schrödinger matrix equation for a system of electrons, taking into account the Bastard condition, which considers the difference in the effective masses of current carriers in adjacent layers. We analyze tunnel-coupled electronic states in quantum wells separated by a narrow tunnel-transparent potential barrier. Our findings provide insights into the electronic properties of semiconductor structures, which are crucial for applications in micro- or nanoelectronics and other areas of solid-state physics.
Research of the Impact of Silicon Doping with Holmium on its Structure and Properties Using Raman Scattering Spectroscopy Methods
Authors: Utamuradova Sharifa B. , Daliev Shakhrukh Kh. , Khaitbaev Alisher Kh. , Khamdamov Jonibek J. , Matchonov Khusniddin J. , Utemuratova Xushnida Y.
Published: September 2024

Each crystal structure has its own phonon modes, which appear in the Raman spectrum of Raman scattering. In the case of silicon, phonon modes associated with the diamond structure of silicon can be detected. In a Raman spectrum, the position of the lines, their intensity, and the width of the lines are usually measured. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for studying crystalline materials at the molecular level, and its application in the study of semiconductors and nanomaterials provides important information about their structure and properties. In this study, the spectra of two types of silicon were analyzed: n-Si and p-Si, as well as their doped analogues n-Si and p-Si. The obtained Raman imaging results demonstrated spatially varying nanocrystallinity and microcrystallinity of the samples. The n-Si and p-Si spectra indicate the appearance of a Raman band at 525 cm-1 with a shift of -5 cm-1 and +5 cm-1, respectively, relative to the position of the silicon substrate peak, indicating the presence of tensile strain in the materials. The absence of other impurity peaks indicates the high purity of the n-Si and p-Si samples. The holmium doped Si material exhibits additional peaks in the Raman spectra, which is attributed to the presence of vacancies and defects in the newly formed Si-Ho compositions. The results of the analysis of the spectra indicate the influence of doping silicon with holmium on its structure and properties, forming new bonds and defects.
Mechanism of Change in The Emission and Optical Properties of W and Mo After Bombardment with Low-Energy Ions
Authors: Tashmukhamedova D.А. , Umirzakov B.E. , Ergashov Y.S. , Khudaykulov F.Y. , Abdiev Kh.E.
Published: September 2024

The paper reports the results of study of composition, emission, and optical properties of polycrystalline W and Mo samples implanted with Ba+ ions and coated with submonolayer Ba atoms by applying Auger electron spectroscopy, secondary electron emission coefficient s technique, as well as the photoelectron quantum yield Y. The experimental part was carried out by using the instrumentation and under vacuum Р ≈ 10-6 Pa. It is shown that during the implantation of Ba ions in the surface layers of refractory metals, a mechanical mixture of the W + Ba and Mo-Ba types is formed. It has been established that the values of the coefficient of secondary electron emission s and the quantum yield of photoelectrons Y at the same value of the work function еφ in the case of implantation of Ba+ ions are much larger than in the case of deposition of atoms. The obtained experimental results are substantiated by theoretical calculations.
Surface Properties and Composition Analysis of Nano-Sized Thin Films of CDSE: by SEM Analysis
Authors: Ibrahimova L.N. , Abdullayev N.M. , Azimova Sevinj R. , Aliyev Y.I.
Published: September 2024

Thin films of cadmium selenide with a thickness h = 200-500 nm were obtained and their surface properties were studied. The studies were carried out using a Scanning Electron Microscope. It was found that with increasing thickness of thin layers, the surface structure becomes smoother. A compositional analysis of the surface of thin layers was also carried out. Elemental analysis was carried out in layers of various thicknesses, the percentage content of chemical elements and the energy spectrum of chemical elements were determined. It has been established that thin CdSe films obtained by chemical deposition are quite pure. The surface of thin layers with a thickness h > 400 nm turned out to be quite smooth, which is an indicator of the formation of a phase in these layers corresponding to the CdSe compound.
Study of Crystal Characterization and Chemical Interaction in the Ternary System Ho-Sb-Te
Authors: Ilyasli T.M. , Mammadova N.Sh. , Sadigov F.M. , Huseynov Ramiz E. , Aliyev Y.I.
Published: September 2024

Complex methods of physical and chemical analysis: differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray phase analysis (XRD), microstructural analysis (MSA), as well as density and microhardness measurements, were used to study the nature of chemical interaction in the Ho-Sb-Te ternary system over the entire concentration range along the following sections:1. Sb2Te3-Ho2Te3, 2. Sb2Te3-HoTe, 3. HoTe-Sb, 4. HoSb-HoTe, 5. Sb2Te3-Ho, 6. HoSb-Te. The projection of the liquidus surface of the ternary system and the diagrams of the state of internal sections were constructed according to experimental data and literature data on binary systems: Sb-Te, Sb-Ho, Ho-Te. It is established that sections (1), (2), (3), (4) are quasi-binary, and (5), (6) are non-quasi-binary sections of the ternary system. The incongruently melting compound HoSbTe3 is formed in the Sb2Te3-Ho2Te3 system and the area of solid solutions based on Sb2Te3 ~ 3‑5 mol% at 300K was found.
Effect of γ-Irradiation on Structure and Electrophysical Properties of S-Doped ZnO Films
Authors: Zainabidinov Sirajidin S. , Boboev Akramjon Y. , Yunusaliyev Nuritdin Y.
Published: September 2024

The produced ZnO films were characterized with the crystallographic orientation (001) and lattice parameters a = b = 0.3265 nm and c = 0.5212 nm. ZnO1—хSх nano-crystallites on the surface of the film had characteristic sizes ranging from 50 nm to 200 nm. The lattice parameter of ZnO1—хSх nano-crystallites was experimentally determined to be aZnO= 0.7598 nm. The study has shed light on what occurs to lattice parameters of the ZnO film and the geometric dimensions of ZnO1—хSх nano-crystallites on the surface of the film under the influence of gamma-irradiation. It has been determined that the crystal structure of ZnO1—хSх nanocrystallites represents a cubic lattice and belongs to the space group F43m. It has been determined that after γ-irradiation at doses 5∙106 rad, the resistivity of ZnO films reduced to ρ = 12,7 W∙cm and the mobility of the majority charge carriers (µ) became 0.18 cm2/V∙s, whereas their concentration (N) had increased and equaled 2.64∙1018 cm-3. The study of the current-voltage characteristics of p- ZnO/n-Si heterostructures before and after γ‑irradiation at doses of 5∙106 rad revealed that the dependence of the current on voltage obeys an exponential law which is consistent with the theory of the injection depletion phenomenon. It was determined that under the influence of γ-irradiation at doses of 5∙106 rad, the capacitance of the p-ZnO/n-Si heterostructure at negative voltages increases and the shelved curve sections and peaks are observed on the curve due to the presence of a monoenergetic level of fast surface states at the heterojunction.
Influence of Gold on Structural Defects of Silicon
Authors: Utamuradova Sharifa B. , Daliev Shakhrukh Kh. , Khaitbaev Alisher , Khamdamov Jonibek , Yuldoshev Ulugbek M. , Paluanova Anifa D.
Published: September 2024

In this research, a comprehensive study of the effect of doping silicon with gold on the optical properties and morphology of silicon layers was carried out. For this purpose, the methods of Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. The results of the study showed that the transition from original silicon to gold-doped silicon leads to significant changes in the optical properties and morphology of the layers. Raman spectra showed characteristic peaks in the regions of 144, 304, 402, 464, 522, 948 and 973 cm–1, associated with the violation of long-range order of the crystal lattice and the interaction of gold with silicon. The intensity and position of the peaks in the spectra allowed us to draw conclusions about structural changes, including a decrease in crystallinity and the formation of amorphous and nanocrystalline structures in the samples after treatment at 1373 K. New peaks in the Raman spectra associated with Au-Au stretching and the formation of new bonds Si-Au, confirm the processes in silicon layers when alloyed with gold. SEM studies provided information on the structure, chemical composition and arrangement of n-Si-Au and p-Si-Au samples. The spherical arrangement of gold atoms on the surface of single-crystalline silicon was experimentally established, which indicates the diffusion of gold and the formation of gold silicate, which introduces a positive charge to the interface. Morphological changes included an increase in the number of agglomerates with nanocrystals smaller than 7–9 nm and an increase in the transparency of the layer. These results indicate the possibility of improving the photosensitivity of heterostructures with a Si–Au composite layer due to the quantum-size and plasmonic effects of inclusions containing silicon and gold nanoparticles.
Effect of Structural Defects on Parameters of Silicon Four-Quadrant p-i-n Photodiodes
Authors: Kukurudziak Mykola S.
Published: September 2024

The article examines the influence of structural defects, in particular dislocations, on the electrical and photovoltaic properties of silicon four-quadrant p-i-n photodiodes. It was established that growth defects and defects formed during mechanical processing of plates can cross the entire substrate and deteriorate the parameters of photodiodes. This phenomenon is particularly negative due to the placement of defects in the space charge region. In this case, due to the presence of recombination centers in the space charge region, the life time of minor charge carriers decreases and the dark current and responsivity of photodiodes deteriorate. Often, the placement of defects is uneven, which provokes unevenness of parameters on responsive elements. It was also seen that the dislocation lines crossing the responsive elements and the guard ring worsen the insulation resistance of the specified active elements. A method of determining the final resistivity of silicon and the diffusion length of minor charge carriers by studying the pulse shape of the output signal is proposed.
Enhancing Solar Cell Conversion Efficiency Through Evolutionary Optimization Using Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Lakehal Brahim , Dendouga Abdelghani
Published: September 2024

In this study, we propose a new method based on genetic algorithms to optimize the performance of intermediate-band solar cells (IBSC). Our approach aims to maximize photovoltaic conversion efficiency by judiciously optimizing the geometric and physical parameters of the IBSC structure., which must be partially filled. This filling ensures the presence of both empty states in the intermediate band (IB) to receive electrons from the valence band (VB), and filled states to provide electrons to the conduction band (CB). Recently, studies have observed the effect of IB occupancy on cell efficiency, and calculated the optimal efficiency for IB devices. The analytical expression for optimal IB filling has been utilized for different scenarios involving IB-CB coupling strength and IB region width. In this work we have studied the influence of the intermediate band energy level, the effects of doping on efficiency, short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and in order to validate our approach on parasitic effects such as series and shunt resistance.
SCAPS Numerical Analysis of Graphene Oxide/Zirconium Disulfide Solar Cells
Authors: Al-Dmour Hmoud
Published: September 2024

This work studies the performance of solar cells composed of two different materials, graphene oxide (Go, hole transport material) and zirconium disulfide (ZrS2, electron transport materials) using the SCPAS -1D simulation. It has been found that Go/ZrS2 solar cells show better performance with high short circuit current, Jsc, of 38 mA/cm2 and the power conversion efficiency, η, of 17% compared with other solar cells based on graphene oxide and perovskite materials. Additionally, the short circuit current density decreases from 38 mA/cm2 to 22 mA/cm2 when the energy gap of ZrS2 increases from 1.2 eV to 17 eV. The increasing the operating temperature and the work function of back contact also led to decrease the open circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency of the cells, while the short circuit current density was slightly enhanced. That is attributed to changes in the electrical properties of Go and ZrS2 layers, including their charge carrier mobility and characteristics of the interfacial layers.
Pengembangan E-Modul Berbantuan Flipbook Berbasis Literasi Untuk Mata Kuliah Statistika
Authors: Kusumaningrum Yulinda , Utomo Victor Gayuh , Ellyawati Hetty Catur , Maulana Charis
Published: September 2024

Statistics is the basis for studying other subjects in the Informatics Engineering Study Program. However, some lecturers have not used teaching materials such as interactive modules to help students learn statistics. For this reason, research is needed which aims to (1) develop literacy-based Flipbook-assisted interactive e-modules in statistics courses that are valid, (2) determine the practicality of literacy-based Flipbook-assisted interactive e-modules in statistics courses for students. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D). The research subjects were 30 Informatics Engineering students taking Statistics courses. The development steps in this research are using ADDIE, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research results obtained: 1) the literacy-based flipbook-assisted e-module that was developed was declared valid/feasible with an average percentage of material experts of 80% and media experts of 85.41%, 2) the flipbook-assisted interactive e-module that was developed met the criteria practically with a percentage reaching 75%.
I GARANTI DEI DETENUTI NEL SISTEMA PENITENZIARIO
Authors: Anastasìa Stefano
Published: September 2024

Il testo discute il ruolo dei garanti dei diritti delle persone private della libertà nel sistema penitenziario, sottolineando la loro importanza nella promozione e protezione di tali diritti. Questi garanti, a livello sia nazionale che territoriale, operano per garantire che le condizioni di detenzione siano conformi alla Costituzione, alle convenzioni internazionali e alle leggi. Attraverso un approccio combinato di azioni reattive e proattive, monitorano i luoghi di detenzione, rispondono ai reclami e formulano raccomandazioni alle autorità competenti. L'istituzione del Garante Nazionale ha segnato un cambiamento significativo, promuovendo la collaborazione istituzionale tra diversi livelli di governo e rafforzando la responsabilità condivisa nella protezione dei diritti dei detenuti. Il testo sottolinea inoltre l'importanza della partecipazione attiva delle amministrazioni regionali e locali nella realizzazione di questi diritti, evidenziando la necessità di un approccio integrato e cooperativo per garantire una giustizia più umana ed efficace.
AS DESONERAÇÕES DE ICMS NAS EXPORTAÇÕES E O PACTO FEDERATIVO BRASILEIRO: A AÇÃO DIREITA DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDADE POR OMISSÃO Nº 25 COMO O MARCO DO REEQUILÍBRIO FEDERATIVO
Authors: Gropello Saltini Pedro Vinícius , Santos Cortez Rafael de Paula
Published: September 2024

O presente artigo analisa se o equilíbrio federativo fiscal firmado pela Constituição da República de 1988 foi ofendido após a aprovação da Lei Complementar nº 87 de 1996, a Lei Kandir, que ampliou o rol das desonerações de ICMS nas operações de exportações. A medida adotada pela União para o crescimento das exportações no Brasil pode ter contribuído para um esvaziamento da autonomia financeira dos Estados e do Distrito Federal, entes competentes para a instituição e arrecadação do tributo em referência. O estudo tem por objetivo investigar se a Lei Kandir e, posteriormente, a Emenda Constitucional nº 42 de 2003, inverteram a ordem originalmente prevista e, por consequência causaram um desequilíbrio federativo. Para a análise do tema, a pesquisa analisa o sistema federal brasileiro estabelecido pela Constituição de 1988, se aprofundando no núcleo essencial do princípio federativo, que é considerado como intangível pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. Nesse passo, é realizada uma análise das desonerações nas exportações sob o prisma da autonomia financeira dos entes subnacionais, isto é, se as inovações trazidas pela Lei Kandir ofenderam ou não a autonomia, elemento essencial do princípio federativo. Inclusive, neste ponto, o estudo se vale de uma das decisões mais importantes para o cenário federal, a proferida no julgamento da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade por Omissão nº 25, que é analisada como o marco do reequilíbrio federativo, pois analisou a Lei Kandir e os ditames do princípio federativo.Palavras-chave: Direito Tributário. Lei Kandir. Federalismo Fiscal. ADO nº 25
Unfixing Architecture:
An Open-Ended Conversation
Authors:   , Albiston Eva
Published: September 2024

Architecture is something which is often viewed as a stagnant object in an unchanging landscape, dismissing its place within a wider ecological web. This research explores the implications of an architecture that is in full realisation of its part in an ongoing ecology of relationships through an application of ‘unfixity’. Unfixing proposes architecture as an open-ended conversation. The thesis explores strategies for unfixing architecture, allowing their natural creative agency to emerge, which fosters an open-ended exploration of strategies for shifting architecture’s fixity. In order to define and uncover these strategies, an iterative and experimental design approach has been employed as the overarching methodology.

The conversation of this thesis begins with voices of literary and physical practice that provide an understanding of ‘unfixing’ within the context of the thesis. These are established at the beginning of the conversation and continue to echo and reverberate throughout the conversation as it is charged by the design experiments. Critical reflections on the various design experiments, outcomes and iterations have continuous voices within the thesis, deeply informing the overall focus of the conversation and research. The design experiments traverse a range of mediums and scales, testing and twisting the strings of unfixing to extract an understanding of the concept. This twisting and testing culminates in a public building as the final outcome. This building is pulled into being by relationships found within its rich site-specific ecology; it fosters and enhances these relationships while remaining open to the ever-changing push and pull of new site relationships. Between the hours of 10 am and 11 am on Monday, the Thirteenth of November, this architecture finds itself operating as a bike shed and watch tower.

Creating an architecture that is built through relationships, remaining open to swift and unpredictable change of these relations feels extremely pertinent in our current world of snap technological updates and sudden climate degradation. Mundane quotidian movements, so old and persistent that they have worn deep grooves into their environments, can become irrelevant and erased without trace in an instant: architecture must be placed to react to these unfixed traces.
Domestic and International Research Progress on the Career Plateau of Nurses
Authors: Zhou Yiqin , Chen Jian , Yu Jun , Chen Yanyu
Published: September 2024

Career plateau is a new phenomenon that occurs in an individual’s career. It also refers to the period when an individual employee enters a “stagnant” period of career development, which can have huge negative impacts on individuals and organizations. Based on reviewing relevant domestic and international literature, this paper organizes, summarizes, and synthesizes information from three key aspects of the overview of nurses’ career plateau, research population, and research countermeasures, so as to provide theoretical references for managers to take effective measures to improve the current career situation of nurses.
Pengaruh Struktur Modal, Pertumbuhan Aset dan Likuiditas terhadap Profitabilitas (Studi pada Perusahaan Pertambangan yang Terdaftar Di BEI)
Authors: Sisharini Nanik , Roswita Maria Helena
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of capital structure, asset growth and liquidity on the profitability (ROA) of mining companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. All mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange are the research population. Sampling used the purposive sampling technique and obtained 36 mining companies as samples. Data analysis used multiple linear regression with the help of the SPSS program. The results of the study show that sapital structure partially has a non-significant negative effect on profitability. Asset growth has a significant positive effect on profitability, and liquidity has an insignificant positive effect on profitability. Companies need to maintain liquidity and develop assets as an indication of growth to increase profits.
Analisa Pola Keruntuhan Akibat Beban Siklik Maksimal pada Sambungan Balok Kolom Precast 1 Lantai terhadap Bangunan Tahan Gempa Menggunakan Software Abaqus 2017
Authors: Azaliah Tiara Ayu , Sasongko Januar
Published: September 2024

Sambungan balok dan kolom precast memiliki peran penting dalam memastikan integritas dan keamanan struktur bangunan tahan gempa. Penelitian ini menggunakan objek beton pracetak yang terdapat pada balok maupun kolom. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola keruntuhan akibat beban siklik maksimal yang diterima sambungan balok kolom precast 1 lantai dengan program Abaqus CAE 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode elemen hingga dengan melakukan pengujian beban siklik sebesar 7 ton. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa struktur berhasil menahan beban tersebut tanpa mengalami keruntuhan. Akan tetapi, terdapat pola retak pada bagian sambungan balok – kolom tersebut yang menandakan adanya deformasi dan redistribusi gaya dalam respons terhadap beban siklik. Dari simulasi ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa benda uji tersebut mampu menahan beban siklik maksimal yang diberikan sesuai pengujian yang dilakukan. Namun, ada beberapa daerah kritis yang perlu diperhatikan seperti letak keruntuhan dan redistribusi gaya dalam struktur.
Analisis Kontroversi Childfree di Media Sosial dalam Relasinya dengan Feminisme dan Budaya Ketimuran
Authors: Afif Nur Afifah , Ahwan Zainul
Published: September 2024

This research aims to reveal how the childfree controversy on social media relates to feminism and eastern culture using a review. This research is descriptive qualitative with a virtual research approach using units of analysis in the form of text, images, comments from netizens, as well as news about the childfree controversy which started on social media Instagram, TikTok and YouTube. The results of the analysis of Sara Mills' critical discourse show that the position of netizens is as a subject who provides criticism or support, while the position of actors is as an object in discourse construction. The childfree controversy also has implications for views of feminism and eastern culture, as the finding that childfree views from actors triggers pro and con responses from netizens.
Analisis Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Pada Novel A+ Karya Ananda Putri Sebagai Bahan Ajar Pembelajaran Sastra Di SMA
Authors: Naufal Muji Zain , Apriyanto Ade , Mudiasih Maylani
Published: September 2024

The significance of education is a crucial value that is both instructive and practical for one's lifetime. Teachers in school or educators can transmit these ideals to their students. Presently, there is a prevailing belief that the significance of education should be given precedence in response to the declining moral and ethical growth of pupils. There is a significant prevalence of adolescent delinquency among pupils, including behaviors such as bullying, physical altercations, promiscuity, and others. The significance of education in daily life can be elucidated by examining literary works, particularly novels. The purpose of this study was to analyze the educational values present in the novel "A+" by Ananda Putri and to assess the potential use of these values as teaching resources for literary instruction in high schools. The research methodology employed is a qualitative approach utilizing reading techniques and note-taking methodologies. The research findings indicate that the novel A+ by Ananda Putri encompasses 14 educational values, specifically: 1) religious, 2) honest, 3) tolerance, 4) discipline, 5) hard work, 6) democratic, 7) curiosity, 8) respect for achievement, 9) friendly/communicative, 10) love of peace, 11) fondness for reading, 12) social care, 13) responsibility, and 14) independence. Moreover, these findings were utilized as alternative instructional resources in the form of educational value-based learning modules for twelfth-grade high school students. After undergoing validation by multiple experts, this training material achieved a score of 79.88%.
NEW METHDOLOGY OF SYNTHESIS PYRAZOLO- THIAZOLO DERIVATIVES WITH STUDY ANTIMICROBAL ACTIVITIES
Authors:   1,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, hashmd973@gmail.com, Al-Abboodi1 Doaa  Hashim , Al-lami Naeemah ,   2 Professor PhD., Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of   Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, owaidnj@gmail.com
Published: September 2024

In this contribution, new derivatives of thiosemicarbazon, cyclic thiazolidinone, yilidine thiazolidinone, and parazolo-thiazole were synthesized, starting from the reaction of 2 -aminobenzothiazole with p-bromo phenacyl bromide to give the first step of 2(4-bromo phenyl) imidazole (2,1 -b) benzo thiazole (1). Compound (1) then was subjected under Viels Myer Haack to yield 3-carbaldehyde linking with imidazo-benzothiazol (2). Compound (2) condensed with thiosemicarbazide togivenewsynthesis of thiosemicarbazon derivative (3). Compound 4-Oxo-1,3-thiazolidine (4) was constituted from reacting compound (3) with ethyl chloroacetate, while Thiazolidinone derivative (5) was formed by reacting compound (4) with aromatic aldehyde to give 4-Oxo-1,3-thiazolidine-5 benzylidene linking with imidazo-benzothiazol (5). Compound (5) was then reacted with hydrazine hydride to give fused ring of pyrazolo thaizolo derivatives (6). In the finally, azo methene groups were opening by two reagents are (acetic anhydride and 4-nitro benzoyl chloride) to give new derivatives of hydrazone contacted with imidazobenzothiazol (7) and (8) compound respectively. All the prepared compounds were identified by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR) and Carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectra. Some of the synthesized compounds were evaluated via biological activity.
Analysis of Errors in the Use of the â€˜Adad Maâ€™dud of the Third Reguler of the Subject of Arabic Language Lessons in the Boarding School of Tarbiyatul Muâ€™allimin al-Islamiyah Prenduan Sumenep Madura
Authors: Bidari Bidari , Jamilah Wafiqatul
Published: September 2024

Third regular students made various forms of Arabic conversation and writing errors when using numbers (â€˜adad maâ€™dud). There are as many errors as when using â€˜adad maâ€™dud. Given this situation, few learners make various mistakes when using â€˜adad maâ€™dud for daily conversations or writing. The purpose of this study is to understand the forms and causes of errors, as well as how to solve the problem of students using quantity and counting in Third regular students in the boarding school of tarbiyatul muâ€™allimin al-islamiyah prenduan. Researchers used qualitative methods and descriptive types to collect data in a triangular manner through observation, interviews, and testing, in order to identify errors made by Third regular students in the boarding school of tarbiyatul muâ€™allimin al-islamiyah prenduan when using â€˜adad maâ€™dud. The theme of this study is Third regular students in the boarding school of tarbiyatul muâ€™allimin al-islamiyah prenduan. The last thing about writing this study is that Third regular students made mistakes when using â€˜adad maâ€™dud, and they were unable to distinguish how to use singular and additive numbers, positive numbers, ordinal numbers, and mentioned numbers, Number of women. The reason is that girls lack understanding of quantity, quantity, and its rules, schools lack interest in cultivating girls, students use incorrect learning methods, students have difficulty learning Arabic, and their practice of using Arabic is reduced. The decrease in the number, quantity, and interest of students in using teaching aids in the classroom teaching process, as well as the decrease in students' enthusiasm during the classroom teaching process. The solution is to develop teaching methods, increase the time allocation of learning materials, and develop teaching methods.Â
The Correlation of Audio-visual Media with Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: Rojauna Zulva , Setiabudi Muhammad Arif
Published: September 2024

Â The purpose of this research is to define the extent of the relationship between audiovisual means and the results of teaching students to teach Arabic to first-grade students at the Islamic High School "Al Washoya" Kertorejo Ngoro Jombang.Â  As for the results of the research, we can summarize are: (1) the result between an audiovisual means in teaching Arabic to first-grade students at the Islamic High School "Al Washoya" Kertorejo Ngoro Jombang. is average good. (2) The result of the students' teaching of teaching Arabic to first-grade students at the National Islamic High School "Al Washoya" Kertorejo Ngoro Jombang. is a good average. (3) There is no relationship between the audiovisual medium and the results of teaching students in teaching Arabic to first-grade students at the Islamic High School "Al Washoya" Kertorejo Ngoro Jombang. for them and this depends on the results of spss using analysis (Product Moment). From this analysis it is known that the value is 0,338 which means that the value is more than 0.05, so it can be concluded that the null hypothesis H0 agreed and the alternative hypothesis HA is rejectedÂ
Correlation of Mufrodat Mastery and Maharah Qira'ah Arabic Text
Authors: Salwa Fika Nadiya Ummi , Mu'at Mu'at Mu'at
Published: September 2024

Vocabulary which is the most important tool in Arabic language education, students can understand Arabic because they have enough vocabulary. Therefore, students' vocabulary mastery has a great impact on Arabic language education. The research questions of this study are: (1) What is the result of "vocabulary mastery" for ninth grade students at Mts "Al- Washoya" Ngoro jombang?. (2) How was the result of "Arabic text reading skills" for ninth graders in MTs" Al-Washoya" Ngoro Jombang? (3) Is there any connection between vocabulary mastery and teaching Arabic text reading skills to ninth graders in MTs "Al- Washoya" Ngoro Jombang?Â Â  In this study, a quantitative approach was carried out. The methods of data collection are: test documents and studies. The data analysis method for this study is the Verson (person) test. The results of the study that can be summarized are: (1) the results of mastering the vocabulary of the ninth grade in MTs " Al-Washoya" Ngoro Jombang. (2) As a result of teaching the skill of reading Arabic texts students in the ninth grade in MTs "Al-Washoya" Ngoro Jombang. (3) There is a relationship between mastering vocabulary and teaching the skill of reading Arabic texts to them, and this depends on the results of SPSS using analysis (Verson). From this analysis it is known that the value is 0.000 which means that the value is less than or less than 0.05, so it can be concluded that the null hypothesis HA is rejected and the alternative hypothesis HA is approved.
The Concept of Arabic Language and its Development in Tarbiyatu MuallimÄ«n Al-islÄmÄ« Prenduan
Authors: Kirom Abdul , Ainin Moh. , Rosyidi Abdul Wahab
Published: September 2024

This scientific research aims to characterize and promote the Arabic language at the Institute of Islamic Teacher Education in Burandwan. The researcher used a descriptive qualitative research methodology through interviews, observation, and documentation. So you get the fact that the Arabic language and its promotion in that institute are divided into two stages, the first of which is the foundation stage and the second is the implementation and promotion stage. Establishment stage: This stage goes back to the time of the founding of this institute in the year 1971 AD, with the efforts of Kayahi Haj Muhammad Idris Johari, hand in hand with Kayahi Hajj Muhammad Tijani Johari, who improved the sound structures and correct methods after coming from Mecca (1989 AD) until this stage was achieved with the title Success and paving the way in educating and teaching the Arabic language. The implementation and promotion stage: The process of the Arabic language as a language of communication and teaching may accelerate teacher education to its maximum extent for its employees, until the implementation and promotion stage has become as if it were facilitated in an instant, and elements of a) building a solid Arabic language teaching entity were formed in this stage, b) sending some distinguished cadres. And their enrollment in universities in Mecca and Medina in the Arabic language specialization, c) The large number of teachers who excel in the Arabic language and are effective in the fields of teaching it, d) Managing the implementation of linguistic and Arabic activities and educating them outside the classroom, e) The effectiveness of the linguistic and Arabic teams in forming cadres who excel in the Arabic language.