bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global River Radar Altimetry Time Series (GRRATS): new river elevation earth science data records for the hydrologic community
Authors: Coss Stephen , Durand Michael , Yi Yuchan , Jia Yuanyuan , Guo Qi , Tuozzolo Stephen , Shum C. K. , Allen George H. , Calmant Stéphane , Pavelsky Tamlin
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The capabilities of radar altimetry to measure inland
water bodies are well established, and several river altimetry datasets are
available. Here we produced a globally distributed dataset, the Global River
Radar Altimeter Time Series (GRRATS), using Envisat and Ocean Surface
Topography Mission (OSTM)/Jason-2 radar altimeter data spanning the time
period 2002–2016. We developed a method that runs unsupervised, without
requiring parameterization at the measurement location, dubbed virtual
station (VS) level, and applied it to all altimeter crossings of ocean-draining rivers with widths >900 m (>34 % of
the global drainage area). We evaluated every VS, either quantitatively for VS
locations where in situ gages are available or qualitatively using a grade
system. We processed nearly 1.5 million altimeter measurements from 1478
VSs. After quality control, the final product contained 810 403 measurements
distributed over 932 VSs located on 39 rivers. Available in situ data allowed
quantitative evaluation of 389 VSs on 12 rivers. The median standard deviation of
river elevation error is 0.93 m, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency is 0.75, and
correlation coefficient is 0.9. GRRATS is a consistent, well-documented
dataset with a user-friendly data visualization portal, freely available for
use by the global scientific community. Data are available at https://doi.org/10.5067/PSGRA-SA2V1 (Coss et al., 2016).
A comprehensive dataset of vegetation states, fluxes of matter and energy, weather, agricultural management, and soil properties from intensively monitored crop sites in Western Germany
Authors: Reichenau Tim G. , Korres Wolfgang , Schmidt Marius , Graf Alexander , Welp Gerhard , Meyer Nele , Stadler Anja , Brogi Cosimo , Schneider Karl
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The development and validation of hydroecological land-surface models to simulate agricultural areas requires extensive data on weather, soil properties, agricultural management, and vegetation states and fluxes. However, this comprehensive data is rarely available since measurement, quality control, documentation and compilation of the different data types is costly in terms of time and money. Here, we present a comprehensive dataset, which was collected at four agricultural sites within the Rur catchment in Western Germany in the frame of the Transregional Collaborative Research Centre 32 “Patterns in Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere-Systems: Monitoring, Modelling and Data Assimilation” (TR32). Vegetation-related data comprises fresh and dry biomass (green and brown, predominantly per organ), plant height, green and brown leaf area index, phenological development state, nitrogen and carbon content (overall > 17 000 entries), and fluxes of carbon, energy, and water (> 180 000 half-hourly records) for a variety of agricultural plants. In addition, masses of harvest residues and regrowth of vegetation after harvest or before planting of the main crop are included (> 250 entries). Data on agricultural management includes sowing and harvest dates, and information on cultivation, fertilization and agrochemicals (27 management periods). The dataset also includes gap-filled weather data (> 200 000 hourly records) and soil parameters (particle size distributions, carbon and nitrogen contents; > 800 records). This data can also be useful for development and validation of remote sensing products. The dataset (Reichenau et al., 2019) is hosted at the TR32 database (https://www.tr32db.uni-koeln.de/data.php?dataID=1886).
A multirate mass transfer model to represent the interaction of multicomponent biogeochemical processes between surface water and hyporheic zones (SWAT-MRMT-R 1.0)
Authors: Fang Yilin , Chen Xingyuan , Gomez velez Jesus , Zhang Xuesong , Duan Zhuoran , Hammond Glenn E. , Goldman Amy E. , Garayburu-Caruso Vanessa A. , Graham Emily B.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Surface water quality along river corridors can be modulated by hyporheic zones (HZs) that are ubiquitous and biogeochemically active. Watershed management practices often ignore the potentially important role of HZs as a natural reactor. To investigate the effect of hydrological exchange and biogeochemical processes on the fate of nutrients in surface water and HZs, a novel model, SWAT-MRMT-R, was developed coupling the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) watershed model and the reaction module from a flow and reactive transport code (PFLOTRAN). SWAT-MRMT-R simulates concurrent nonlinear multicomponent biogeochemical reactions in both the channel water and its surrounding HZs, connecting the channel water and HZs through hyporheic exchanges using multirate mass transfer (MRMT) representation. Within the model, HZs are conceptualized as transient storage zones with distinguished exchange rates and residence times. The biogeochemical processes within HZs are different from those in the channel water. Hyporheic exchanges are modeled as multiple first order mass transfers between the channel water and HZs. As a numerical example, SWAT-MRMT-R is applied to the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River, a large river in the United States, focusing on nitrate dynamics in the channel water. Major nitrate contaminants entering the Hanford Reach include those from the legacy waste, irrigation return flows (irrigation water that is not consumed by crops and runs off as point sources to the stream), and groundwater seepage resulted from irrigated agriculture. A two-step reactions for denitrification and an aerobic respiration reaction are assumed to represent the biogeochemical transformations taking place within the HZs. The spatially variable hyporheic exchange rates and residence times in this example are estimated with the basin-scale Networks with Exchange and Subsurface Storage (NEXSS) model. Our simulation results show that 1) as the commonly used transient storage model for stream–HZ exchange of solutes uses a single residence time to parameterize the exchange coefficient, it may overestimate the nitrate attenuation role of HZs ignoring the contribution from HZs with low residence times; and 2) source locations of nitrate have different impact on surface water quality due to the spatially variable hyporheic exchanges.
Broadband albedo of Arctic sea ice from MERIS optical data
Authors: Pohl Christine , Istomina Larysa , Tietsche Steffen , Jäkel Evelyn , Stapf Johannes , Spreen Gunnar , Heygster Georg
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Arctic summer sea ice experiences rapid changes in its sea-ice concentration, surface albedo, and the melt pond fraction. This affects the energy balance of the region and demands an accurate knowledge of those surface characteristics in climate models. In this paper, the broadband albedo (300–3000 nm) of Arctic sea ice is derived from MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) optical swath data by transforming the spectral albedo as an output from the Melt Pond Detector (MPD) algorithm with a newly developed spectral-to-broadband conversion (STBC). The new STBC replaces the previously applied spectral averaging method to provide a more accurate broadband albedo product, which approaches the accuracy of 0.02–0.05 required in climate simulations and allows a direct comparison to broadband albedo values from climate models. The STBC is derived empirically from spectral and broadband albedo measurements over landfast ice. It is validated on a variety of simultaneous spectral and broadband field measurements over Arctic sea ice, is compared to existing conversion techniques, and performs better than the currently published algorithms. The root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) between broadband albedo that was measured and converted by the STBC is 0.02. Other conversion techniques, the spectral averaging method and the linear combination of albedo values from four MERIS channels, result in higher RMSDs of 0.09 and 0.05, respectively. The improved MERIS-derived broadband albedo values are validated with airborne measurements. Results show a smaller RMSD of 0.04 for landfast ice than the RMSD of 0.07 for drifting ice. The MERIS-derived broadband albedo is compared to broadband albedo from ERA5 reanalysis to examine the albedo parameterization used in ERA5. Both albedo products agree over large scales and in temporal patterns. However, consistency in point-to-point comparison is rather poor, with differences up to 0.20, correlations between 0.69 and 0.79, and RMSDs in excess of 0.10. Differences in sea-ice concentration and cloud-masking uncertainties play a role, but most discrepancies can be attributed to climatological sea-ice albedo values used in ERA5. They are not adequate and need revising, in order to better simulate surface heat fluxes in the Arctic. The advantage of the resulting broadband albedo data set from MERIS over other published data sets is the accompanied data set of available melt pond fraction. Melt ponds are the main reason for the sea-ice albedo change in summer but are currently not represented in climate models and atmospheric reanalysis. Additional information about melt evolution, together with accurate albedo retrievals, can aid the challenging representation of sea-ice optical properties in those models in summer.
Revisiting Austfonna, Svalbard, with potential field methods – a new characterization of the bed topography and its physical properties
Authors: Dumais Marie-Andrée , Brönner Marco
Published: January 2020

Abstract. With hundreds of metres of ice, the bedrock underlying
Austfonna, the largest icecap on Svalbard, is hard to characterize in terms
of topography and physical properties. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR)
measurements supply ice thickness estimation, but the data quality is
temperature dependent, leading to uncertainties. To remedy this, we include
airborne gravity measurements. With a significant density contrast between
ice and bedrock, subglacial bed topography is effectively derived from
gravity modelling. While the ice thickness model relies primarily on the
gravity data, integrating airborne magnetic data provides an extra insight
into the basement distribution. This contributes to refining the range of
density expected under the ice and improving the subice model. For this
study, a prominent magmatic north–south-oriented intrusion and the presence of
carbonates are assessed. The results reveal the complexity of the
subsurface lithology, characterized by different basement affinities. With
the geophysical parameters of the bedrock determined, a new bed topography
is extracted and adjusted for the potential field interpretation, i.e. magnetic-
and gravity-data analysis and modelling. When the results are compared to bed elevation maps previously produced by radio-echo sounding (RES) and GPR
data, the discrepancies are pronounced where the RES and GPR data are
scarce. Hence, areas with limited coverage are addressed with the potential field interpretation, increasing the accuracy of the overall bed topography.
In addition, the methodology improves understanding of the geology;
assigns physical properties to the basements; and reveals the presence of
softer bed, carbonates and magmatic intrusions under Austfonna, which
influence the basal-sliding rates and surges.
Entre Visagens e Casarões: Considerações sobre formas de vulnerabilidade a partir dos vigilantes do Centro Histórico de São Luís
Authors: Gonçalves Gabriela Lages
Published: January 2020

Este artigo parte da minha pesquisa de mestrado junto aos vigilantes de prédios públicos em São Luís, localizados no perímetro histórico da cidade. Visagens, espíritos ou assombrações, acompanham cotidianamente o trabalho dos vigilantes em casarões históricos, sendo identificados por suas diversas formas de manifestação – sons, cheiros, toques, ou aparições. Neste trabalho, proponho uma análise da relação de convivência entre pessoas, casas, e seres intangíveis, tendo como ponto de partida perspectivas de proteção e desproteção. Dessa forma, organizo o texto em dois momentos: o primeiro, dedica-se a reunir noções de proteção/desproteção a partir da trajetória de Joana, uma das vigilantes do prédio que abriga o Arquivo Público do Maranhão; o segundo, busca apresentar como intervenções não humanas podem impactar os casarões históricos, tornando-os possivelmente vulneráveis. A partir disso, busco apresentar como noções de proteção/risco podem ter seus sentidos transformados, e podem revelar engajamentos entre diferentes agências – como humanos, natureza, tempo ou seres intangíveis.
Revisitando o vodu: interações e movimentos entre humanos e espíritos em dois contextos haitianos
Authors: Charafeddine Bulamah Rodrigo , Freire Dalmaso Flávia
Published: January 2020

Diferentes análises sobre o vodu haitiano apontam para o fato do termo vodou ser empregado para definir rituais que envolvem cantos, danças, tambores, comensalidade e movimentos e promovem a interação entre humanos e espíritos. Contudo, poucos(as) autores(as) exploraram a fundo esta definição, dedicando-se a enfatizar uma imagem estável do vodu. Politicamente, a criação dessa imagem possibilitou ao vodu adquirir o estatuto de religião nacional ganhando legitimidade e eficácia em disputas identitárias e territoriais das quais antropólogos(as) participam ativamente. Este artigo buscará aproximar dois contextos etnográficos de pesquisa realizadas em locais relativamente distantes, um situado no Norte e outro no Sul do Haiti. Nosso principal objetivo é elaborar uma análise das lógicas e das interações com os espíritos em uma perspectiva processual que inclua também o papel de outras agências, de materialidades diversas e de novos contextos situacionais, como as conversões religiosas e o avanço de missionários protestantes pelo país.
New test method with a Hybrid III Anthropomorphic Dummy for Textile Safety Harnesses
Authors: Baszczyński Krzysztof
Published: January 2020

A full body harness is a basic component of personal fall arrest equipment. It is made from webbing connected by seams and metal fittings to firmly hold and support the user’s body. The paper proposes a new method for full body harness testing using a Hybrid III anthropomorphic dummy; also the design of the experimental stand and software used are described. The method analyses the behaviour of a dummy during a fall arrest under well-defined conditions. The critical mechanical factors measured during the study presented were: the head acceleration, forces acting on the spine, the position of the dummy, the impacts of harness elements to the head, etc. The tests identified some potentially dangerous phenomena associated with falls from a height. The harness testing method developed turned out to be a valuable tool that should be applied in conjunction with existing strength testing methods.
Effect of the Number of Constrictions on the Filtration Behaviour of a Soil-Geotextile System
Authors: Miszkowska Anna , Miszkowska Anna , Koda Eugeniusz , Krzywosz Zygmunt
Published: January 2020

Nonwoven geotextile filters have been used in geo-environmental engineering for decades to prevent the movement of base soil fine particles, allowing adequate seepage to flow through the geotextile plane. Most of the design criteria developed for nonwoven geotextiles are based only on the comparison between their characteristic opening size and the indicative diameter of the soil to be filtered. In the meantime, the nonwoven geotextile fibrous structure has an influence on the filtration of the soil-geotextile system. In this paper the numbers of constrictions of nonwoven geotextile samples were determined to verify the existence of a correlation between the geotextile structure and the filtration behaviour of soil-geotextile systems. The compatibility between an internally unstable soil and a nonwoven geotextile filter was evaluated using the gradient ratio test. The results obtained can also be the basis for modifying the geotextile filter design and selection criteria.
Evaluation of the Sorption Phenomena Mechanism of Polyacrylonitrile Fibres for Selected Dyes in the Aspect of Structural Changes Resulting from Thermal Stabilisation Processes
Authors: Marczak Ewa , Marczak Piotr , Sztajnowski Sławomir , Lipp-Symonowicz Barbara
Published: January 2020

The aim of the research was to analyse the influence of the initial heat treatment of polyacrylonitrile fibres on their sorption properties in relation to selected basic and disperse dyes, in order to select the dyeing variants most beneficial from the point of view of increasing the sorption capacity of commonly used dyes and improving the dyeing process. Research was carried out on a fibre produced on an industrial scale, using dyes of basic application importance, which differ in the diffusion properties of the molecules and the mechanism of binding with the fibre material. Thermal treatment of the fibre was carried out in various media (air, water, steam), with various variants of the temperature and its duration, i.e. under the conditions commonly used in fibre preprocessing processes and their “improvement”. During the research, several different measurement methods were used to assess changes in the molecular and supramolecular structure of the fibre material: the infrared absorption spectroscopy method, the critical fibre dissolution measurement method, the densitometric method, and the interferential polarisation microscopy method. Fibre sorption changes resulting from the modification of the structure of the fibre under the influence of thermal treatment were analysed from the point of view of improving the efficiency of dye use and shortening the dyeing time based on commonly accepted values of the sorption index Cb and kinetic sorption index: t0.5 for basic dyes and t0.7 for disperse dyes.
Composite Nonwovens with Natural Additive
Authors: Wrześniewska-Tosik Krystyna , Mik Tomasz , Wesołowska Ewa , Montes Sarah , Kowalewski Tomasz , Kudra Michał
Published: January 2020

Various methods of nonwoven composite materials manufacturing are known. One such method is the well-known technique called spun-bonding. The production technology for composite nonwoven by the spun-bond method is known, but the technique of introducing an additive in the form of shredded wastes of natural origin so as to obtain a composite nonwoven fabric with interesting functional properties is new. The article describes a method of producing an innovative composite nonwoven using the spun-bond technique. As a result of incorporating various additives into the nonwoven structure, composite nonwovens with modified properties are obtained. Composite nonwovens, depending on the additive used, can be utilised as filtration material in the construction, agriculture or automotive industry.
Evaluation of continuous nursing education
Authors: Tachtsoglou K. , Lera M. , Iliadis Ch. , Frantzana A. , Kourkouta L.
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Continuing nursing education and the practice of newly acquired skills in clinical practice consist of increasingly important tools for improving patients’ care in today's health environment.
Purpose: The purpose of this review study is to delve into the evaluation of continuing nursing education and its outcomes along with the educator’s role and obligations.
Materials and Methods: A review of Greek and international literature was carried out, focusing on views regarding continuing nursing education and lifelong learning. The material of the study consisted of articles on the topic, found in Greek and international databases such as: Google Scholar, Mednet, Pubmed, Medline and the Hellenic Academic Libraries Association (HEAL-Link).
Results: Evaluation of continuing nursing education is an integral part of improving the quality of educational activities. This assessment designates whether nurses meet the desired learning outcomes and provides feedback on ways to improve educational experiences that ultimately improve patient care.
Conclusions: The final results of continuing nursing education activities should be aimed at improving nursing professional practice, and therefore, the care provided to patients by nurses.
The effects of pesticides on respiratory system
Authors: Tsaloglidou A.
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Most of the pesticides have, by nature, some degree of toxicity because they are intended to kill certain organisms and thus create a risk of damage. The use of pesticides has raised serious concerns, mainly about the potential effects on human health and especially on respiratory system. Thousands of people (from 20,000 to 220,000) lose their life due to pesticide poisoning. Ninety nine percent of them (99%) live in developing countries.

Purpose: To review the literature, to identify the harmful effects of pesticides on human health, and particularly on the respiratory system, and to define the ways of dealing with them.

Materials and methods: Extensive review of the relevant literature was performed via electronic databases (Medline, Pubmed, Cihnal and Google scholar) and scientific journals (Greek and international) using the appropriate key words: pesticides, respiratory symptoms, pulmonary disease and a combination of them.

Results: The effects on human health due to exposure to pesticides depend on a number of factors, including the category of pesticides involved, the amount and type of active substance, as well as their form, route of contamination, exposure time and pesticides' residual dose. Pesticides, especially those that inhibit the action of cholinesterase, lead to the onset of respiratory symptoms. A number of respiratory symptoms and diseases have been associated with occupational pesticide exposures, such as wheezing, asthma cough, phlegm, dyspnoea and influenza like syndrome are reported especially among agricultural workers.

Conclusions: Pesticides are dangerous substances for the human body and especially for the respiratory system, if they are used without control. Proper use of pesticides can ensure both the quality of the environment and citizen's safety and health. New scientific data require periodic review of safety levels.
KEY POLICE FORCES IN THE REBORN POLAND – HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND LINGUISTIC COMMENTARY ON THEIR NAMES
Authors: Płotek Marcin , Przetak Marzena
Published: January 2020

The text concerns the names of Polish police forces, their symbols, semantics, etymology and the way they are written down (spelling). The article contains historical and linguistic content. The reconstruction of the Polish state in 1918 made it possible to establish the police as a typical organisation. The Seym passed an act establishing a new, uniform police force (the State Police) on 24 July 1919. It was the fi rst Polish police organisation to survive formally until 1944. In post-war Poland, the traditional functions (tasks) of the police were taken over (performed) by the Citizens’ Militia. Contrary to its own name, the militia did not have the status of civic activism for the common good, but was a state body, centralised, hierarchical, rejecting the principle of nonpoliticality and linked to the security apparatus. The modern police are the heir not only of the State Police, but also of all previous Polish police forces. To sum up, the article brings closer and commemorates the important moments of our history, giving an idea of the changing reality of everyday service and the role of police in the various forms of the political system.
PROCESSING OF PERSONAL DATA BY THE POLICE IN THE LIGHT OF ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS CONDUCTED BY THE SUPERVISORY AUTHORITY
Authors: Płocki Rafał
Published: January 2020

The police process huge amounts of personal data without which they would not be able to carry out their basic tasks. The data processed by the police have a very different nature and scope. Data processing in such large quantities and in such a wide range is associated with great responsibility for its safety. Maintaining a high level of security becomes a challenge when, at the same time, it is necessary to take care of the rights of data subjects. The article contains an overview of administrative decisions issued by the Inspector General for Personal Data Protection (currently: the President of the Personal Data Protection Offi ce) relating to police activities. The issues of the implementation of the rights of data subjects are discussed in three areas, i.e.: sharing information from police resources, deleting data from the National Police Information System, and verifi cation of identity documents.
Znaczenie adaptacji zawodowej w rehabilitacji osób z niepełnosprawnościami
Authors: Chodkowski Zbigniew
Published: January 2020

Adaptacja człowieka do środowiska pracy odgrywa ważną rolę w procesie trwania kariery zawodowej i w zasadniczy sposób wpływa na jego rozwój zawodowy. Adaptacja składa się z wielu czynników, które implikują pozytywne lub negatywne stany wykonywania przez człowieka pracy zawodowej.
Artykuł jest teoretycznym zarysowaniem różnych możliwości na przystosowanie człowieka w środowisku pracy zawodowej na gruncie nauk społecznych, takich jak: pedagogika, socjologia, psychologia. Rozwinięciem tematu jest analiza użyteczności wybranych teorii adaptacji zawodowej dla pedagogiki specjalnej w funkcjonowaniu osób z niepełnosprawnościami. Dopełnieniem tej analizy jest wskazanie na różne bariery przystosowania do środowiska pracy ludzi z niepełnosprawnościami. Wnioski obejmują m.in. wzmocnienie aktywizacji zawodowej i aktywizacji socjalnej osób z różnymi niepełnosprawnościami.
The oldest fossil of the family Issidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) from the Paleocene of Menat (France)
Authors: Bourgoin Thierry , Wang Menglin , Nel André
Published: January 2020

The taxa Cubicostissus palaeocaeni gen. et sp. nov. are described from the Paleocene of Menat (Central France) as the oldest representative of the family Issidae for which all currently known fossils are reviewed. With a unique combination of characters, the specimen represents the first fossil described for the tribe Hysteropterini. Its occurrence in the European Paleocene shows that its lineage, and therefore the Issidae, were already present at least some 60 Ma. It allows to discard the hypothesis of an Eocene origin for the family, which is in accordance with a recent molecular calibration of the family, reporting the tribe as old as the Upper Cretaceous.
Efectos de un programa de danza española en mujeres con fibromialgia
Authors: Chica Chica Ángela , Gonzalez Guirval Fernando , Reigal Garrido Rafael Enrique , Carranque Chaves Gabriel , Hernández Mendo Antonio
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos de un programa de danza española sobre el nivel sintomático, la capacidad funcional, diversas variables psicológicas y la composición corporal en una muestra de mujeres con fibromialgia. Un total de 43 mujeres de 45 a 70 años participaron en el estudio. Se utilizó un diseño intra-sujeto con medidas pre y post-test. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala Analógica Visual (VAS), el Cuestionario de Impacto de la Fibromialgia (FIQ), el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI), el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo (STAI), la Escala Hamilton de Ansiedad (HARS), la Escala de Inteligencia Emocional (TMMS-24), el cuestionario Autoconcepto Forma 5 (AF5), el cuestionario de Perfil del Estado de Ánimo (POMS) y un bioimpediciómetro Tanita® BC-601. Los resultados mostraron efectos positivos después del programa, con mejoras en el estado de ánimo, la ansiedad psíquica y somática, así como la depresión.
Significado do judô paralímpico: um estudo de caso
Authors: Aninha Ana Cardoso , Zanetti Marcelo Callegari , Correa Mariana Freitas , Sermarini Marcia dos Santos , Freire Elizabete , Rodrigues Graciele M. , Brandao Maria Regina Ferreira
Published: January 2020

Na busca pela compreensão do significado do judô paralímpico e do impacto desta modalidade na vida do atleta, foi desenvolvido um estudo de caso, de natureza qualitativa, com a participação de um atleta paralímpico da seleção brasileira de judô, que obteve resultados importantes no cenário internacional. A Abordagem História Oral de Vida fundamentou a realização da entrevista, salientou o fenômeno da vida do atleta e privilegiou uma visão contextualizada da situação e dos processos de interação deste atleta com descrição de eventos de sua vida antes e durante a trajetória esportiva, e a expressão de sua luta e estratégias de superação das adversidades.  Também foi possível conhecer a trajetória esportiva, o processo de aceitação da deficiência e a aderência ao esporte adaptado. O esporte significou a possibilidade de exercer sua autonomia e, ao mesmo tempo, desempenhar seu papel social e representou o espaço para mostrar sua competência e obter reconhecimento social, a partir do bom desempenho obtido e das vitórias. Assim, pode-se concluir que a ocorrência de um determinado fenômeno (no caso a cegueira) foi ao mesmo tempo um produto e um produtor da mudança evolutiva do atleta.

Palavras-chave: Atleta Paralímpico; Esporte Paralímpico; Deficiência Visual; Judô; Significado.
Acute physiological and affective responses in postmenopausal women during prescribed and self-selected aerobic exercise:
Authors: Batista Danilo Rodrigues , Meneghel Vlademir , De Ornelas Felipe , Moreno Marlene Aparecida , Lopes Charles Ricardo , Braz Tiago Volpi
Published: January 2020

Few elderly meet current physical activity (PA) guidelines. The limitations for PA adherence is due the barriers found such as displeasure, discomfort, pain and sense of exhaustion. Self-selected exercise has been strategy for PA adherence, due greatest tolerance by aerobic exercise practitioners. The aim of this study was investigate physiological and psychological responses in prescribed and self-selected sessions in postmenopausal women. It was recruited 27 women active. The study consisted 3 moments: familiarization, self-selected, prescribed sessions. The intensity of self-selected session was replicated in prescribed session. There was significant main effect of the time for HR (p=0,047), FS (p=0,009) and Borg scale (p=0,012). Session by time interaction the significant main effect in HR (p<0,001). Significant mean difference was observed for psychological variables FS (p= 0,011), Borg scale (p= 0,016) and ITL (p<0,001). This study demonstrates the self-selected session relationship with greatest affection and low perceived effort exercise when compared to prescribed exercise
Valores personales en el baloncesto de formación y su relación con el bienestar y la intención futura de práctica a través de la motivación
Authors: Adell Francisco L. , Castillo Fernández Isabel , Alvarez Octavio , Tomás Inés
Published: January 2020

Tomando como marco teórico la teoría de los valores humanos (Schwartz, 1992; Schwartz et al., 2012), y la teoría de la autodeterminación (Deci y Ryan, 1985, 2000), el objetivo del estudio consistió en poner a prueba un modelo, en una muestra de 115 jugadores jóvenes de baloncesto (Medad = 13.98, DT = 0.13), en el que se hipotetizó que los diferentes tipos de motivación (motivación autónoma, controlada y no motivación) actuarían como mediadores de la relación entre los valores de los jugadores (auto-trascendencia, conservación, auto-promoción y apertura al cambio) y los indicadores de bienestar (vitalidad subjetiva y afectos positivos), así como de la intención futura de seguir practicando baloncesto. Los resultados confirmaron el efecto indirecto de los valores de autopromoción sobre la percepción de vitalidad de los jugadores, sus afectos positivos y su intención de seguir jugando en el futuro, a través de la motivación autónoma. Sin embargo, los otros tipos de motivación (motivación controlada y no motivación) no mediaron la relación entre el resto de valores y los indicadores de bienestar, ni con la intención futura de práctica deportiva. Estos resultados indican que para favorecer una mayor experiencia de bienestar en el baloncesto habría que evitar poner énfasis en valores centrados en lo individual, en el logro personal y en el dominio sobre los demás (auto-promoción), ya que la vitalidad subjetiva, los afectos positivos y la intención de seguir jugando se van a ver reducidos, a través de una menor motivación autónoma.
«Oberexia»: The desire to be fat(ter) in adults with excess weight
Authors: Godoy Izquierdo Débora , Rodríguez Tadeo Alejandra , Ramírez Molina María J. , Navarrón Vallejo Estefanía , Lara Moreno Raquel , Jiménez Torres Manuel G. , González Hernández Juan
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Despite of being scarce, evidence is growing on the existence of a group of overweight and obese individuals who do not consider their weight a risk factor for disease and who associate their weight and body with health, vigor, beauty and well-being. Consequently, they manifest a desire to maintain or even increase their weight. We propose an attempt of nomenclature, Oberexia, for this new social reality, and we describe its main characteristics and present empirical observational findings supporting the existence of this condition. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and characteristics of Oberexia in a national sample of Spanish 16 to 60-years-old adults. Methodology: Perceptions of body weight/size/shape and composition, and body satisfaction were assessed in overweight and obese adults through silhouettes, questions and discrepancies. Results: One in ten of the participants self-perceived their body as normal in weight or size. A total of 6.5% wanted to have overweight or obese bodies. A case-to-case analysis revealed that 4.2% of the participants wanted to maintain their appearance, and 1.8% wanted a body with greater weight. All these findings are related to fat mass instead of muscle mass. Conclusions: Our results support the existence of a subgroup of overweight and obese individuals who differ from the traditional subgroup of individuals with excess weight who are dissatisfied with their body. We encourage to explore the outcomes on health and the possible clinical implications of this condition.
Experiences, Struggles, and Recognition
Authors: Melo Rúrion
Published: January 2020

One of the strong theses defended by Axel Honneth's theory is to show that the motivation of the struggles for recognition arises from everyday experiences of denial of recognition, closely linking forms of moral disrespect with the production of social conflicts. I intend to present initially what I understand as the main contribution of Axel Honneth, namely, the attempt to link the place of subjects’ daily negative experiences with the grammar of social conflicts. Next, I expose some critics against the supposed psychological motivation of the struggles. Finally, I would like to propose that the reconstruction of negative experiences of disrespect should be linked to the studies of social movements. The political deficit of the concept of disrespect would be avoided if we could see how individuals engaged in social movements articulate their previous experiences to the motivation of the struggle for recognition.
Populistisches Argumentieren? Feindbilder und Sprachstrategien der AfD
Authors: Lüger Heinz-Helmut
Published: January 2020

The aim of the present article is to analyze how different patterns of argumentation are used to emphasize polarization, aggressiveness and other forms of populist communication. Special attention will be paid to persuasive strategies and enemy imaging. The source material includes current documents generated by the German political party Alternative für Deutschland.
Humor in German media coverage of Poland and Poles
Authors: Jakosz Mariusz
Published: January 2020

Media play a significant role in perceiving the world and constructing our conception of reality since the samples of social discourses exposed in the media have a strong influence on the shaping of the image of nations, opinions, attitudes, and hierarchies of values. The present article discusses humorous content in German press, television, and Internet coverage from recent years, which has reinforced a negative image of Poland and Poles in German minds. In the introductory part, the attention is focused on presenting the essence and functions of humor in the light of contemporary humor research, with a special emphasis placed on the interdependencies between humor, language, and discourse on the one hand, and ethnic cultures on the other, which differ in terms of preferred norms and values.
Prehaustorial local resistance to coffee leaf rust in a Mexican cultivar involves expression of salicylic acid-responsive genes
Authors: Couttolenc-Brenis Edgar , Carrión Gloria L. , Villain Luc , Ortega-Escalona Fernando , Ramírez-Martínez Daniel , Mata-Rosas Martín , Méndez-Bravo Alfonso
Published: January 2020

Background

In Mexico, coffee leaf rust (CLR) is the main disease that affects the Arabica coffee crop. In this study, the local response of two Mexican cultivars of Coffea arabica (Oro Azteca and Garnica) in the early stages of Hemileia vastatrix infection was evaluated.

Methods

We quantified the development of fungal structures in locally-infected leaf disks from both cultivars, using qRT-PCR to measure the relative expression of two pathogenesis recognition genes (CaNDR1 and CaNBS-LRR) and three genes associated with the salicylic acid (SA)-related pathway (CaNPR1, CaPR1, and CaPR5).

Results

Resistance of the cv. Oro Azteca was significantly higher than that of the cv. Garnica, with 8.2% and 53.3% haustorial detection, respectively. In addition, the non-race specific disease resistance gene (CaNDR1), a key gene for the pathogen recognition, as well as the genes associated with SA, CaNPR1, CaPR1, and CaPR5, presented an increased expression in response to infection by H. vastatrix in cv. Oro Azteca if comparing with cv. Garnica. Our results suggest that Oro Azteca’s defense mechanisms could involve early recognition of CLR by NDR1 and the subsequent activation of the SA signaling pathway.
Shifts in soil nutrient concentrations and C:N:P stoichiometry during long-term natural vegetation restoration
Authors: Ma Rentian , Hu Feinan , Liu Jingfang , Wang Chunli , Wang Zilong , Liu Gang , Zhao Shiwei
Published: January 2020

Background

Ecological stoichiometry (C:N:P ratios) in soil is an important indicator of the elemental balance in ecological interactions and processes. Long-term natural vegetation plays an important role in the accumulation and distribution of soil stoichiometry. However, information about the effects of long-term secondary forest succession on soil stoichiometry along a deep soil profile is still limited.

Methods

We selected Ziwuling secondary succession forest developed from farmland as the study area, investigated the concentrations and stoichiometry of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) at a depth of 0–100 cm along a 90-year succession chronosequence, including farmland (control), grassland, shrub, early forest, and climax forest.

Results

SOC and TN concentrations significantly increased with increasing restoration age, whereas soil P concentration remained relatively stable across various successional stages. SOC and TN concentrations decreased with an increase in soil depth, exhibiting distinct soil nutrient “surface-aggregation” (high nutrients concentration in the top soil layer). The soil C:P and N:P ratios increased with an increase in restoration age, whereas the variation of the C:N ratio was small and relatively stable across vegetation succession. The nutrient limitation changed along with vegetation succession, transitioning from limited N in the earlier successional stages to limited P in the later successional stages.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that more nitrogen input should be applied to earlier succession stages, and more phosphorus input should be utilized in later succession stages in order to address limited availability of these elements. In general, natural vegetation restoration was an ecologically beneficial practice for the recovery of degraded soils in this area. The findings of this study strengthen our understanding of the changes of soil nutrient concentration and nutrient limitation after vegetation restoration, and provide a simple guideline for future vegetation restoration and reconstruction efforts on the Loess Plateau.
Definite Probabilities from Division of Zero by Itself Perspective
Authors: Mwangi Wangui Patrick
Published: January 2020

Over the years, the issues surrounding the division of zero by itself remained a mystery until year 2018 when the mystery was solved in numerous ways. Afterwards, the same solutions provided opened many other doors in academic space and one of the applications is in sure probabilities. This research is all about the sure probabilities computed from the zero divided by itself point of view. The solutions obtained in the computations are in harmony with logic and basic knowledge. A wide range of already existing probability distribution functions has been applied in different scenarios to compute the sure probabilities unanimously and new findings have also been encountered along the way. Some of the discrete and continuous probability distribution functions involved are the binomial, hypergeometric, negative binomial, Poisson, normal and exponential among others. It has been found in this work that sure probabilities can be evaluated from the division of zero by itself perspective. Another new finding is that in case of combinatorial, if the numerator is smaller than the denominator, then the solutions tend to zero when knowledge in gamma functions, integrations and factorials is applied. Again, if the case of continuous pdf involves integration and random variable specified in the direction of the parameter, then indirect computation of such probabilities should be applied. Finally, it has been found that the expansion of the domains of some of the parameters in some existing probability distribution functions can be considered and the restriction in conditional probabilities can be revised.
Certain Geometric Aspects of a Class of Almost Contact Structures on a Smooth Metric Manifold
Authors: Onyango Ojiema M. , Beatrice Mengich , Wanambisi Wafula A.
Published: January 2020

The classication of Smooth Geometrical Manifolds still remains an open problem. The concept of almost contact Riemannian manifolds provides neat descriptions and distinctions between classes of odd and even dimensional manifolds and their geometries. We construct an almost contact structure which is related to almost contact 3-structure carried on a smooth Riemannian manifold (M, gM) of dimension (5n + 4) such that gcd(2, n) = 1. Starting with the almost contact metric manifolds (N4n+3, gN) endowed with structure tensors (ϕi, ξj , ηk) such that 1 ≤ i, j, k ≤ 3 of types (1, 1), (1, 0), (0, 1) respectively, we establish that there exists a structure (ϕ4, ξ4, η4) on (N4n+3 ⊗ Rd) ≈ M; gcd(4, d) = 1, d|2n + 1, constructed as linear combinations of the three structures on (N4n+3, gN) . We study some algebraic properties of the tensors of the constructed almost contact structure and further explore the Geometry of the two manifolds (N4n+3⊗Rd) ≈ M and N4n+3 via a !submersion F : (N4n+3 ⊗Rd) ↩→ (N4n+3) and the metrics gM respective gN between them. This provides new forms of Gauss-Weigarten's equations, Gauss-Codazzi equations and the Ricci equations incorporating the submersion other than the First and second Fundamental coecients only. Fundamentally, this research has revealed that the structure (ϕ4, ξ4, η4) is constructible and it is carried on the hidden compartment of the manifold M∼=(N4n+3 ⊗ Rd) (d|2n + 1) which is related to the manifold (N4n+3).
Proximate Composition, Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Flaxseed
Authors: Adam Omer Ishag Omer , A. Khalid Ayat , Abdi Amina , Yaagoub Erwa Ibrahim , Babiker Omer Awadalla , H. Nour Azhari
Published: January 2020

Aims: The aims of this study were to investigate the proximate composition of flaxseed; physiochemical properties and antioxidant activity of flaxseed.

Study Design: Using standard analytical methods to determine the proximate composition of flaxseed, extraction of flaxseed in different trials under the same conditions using two different solvents and investigating their physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the laboratory of department of applied and industrial chemistry, International University of Africa, University of Medical Sciences and Technology and National Centre for Research, Khartoum – Sudan, during June 2019.

Methodology: The prepared sample of flaxseeds was tested for proximate composition and then extracted with petroleum ether and n-hexane. The extracted oil was then subjected to physicochemical analysis, GC-MS analysis and antioxidant activity test.

Results: The oil yield of flaxseed was high 21.95% and 28.29% with n-hexane and petroleum ether respectively. The results obtained for proximate composition were: moisture (8.50 ± 0.49%), ash (1.96 ± 0.00%), fiber (20.23 ± 3.47%), protein (21.00 ± 0.74%),fat (43.17 ± 0.99%) and carbohydrate (5.14 ± 2.73%).The physicochemical properties of n-hexane and petroleum ether extracted flaxseed oils were: density (0.92 ± 0.00 g/cm3), refractive index (1.47 ± 0.00 and 1.48 ± 0.01 at 28°C), acid value (0.76 ± 0.10 and 0.75 ± 0.20 mg KOH/g), peroxide value (4.67 ± 1.00 and 2.69 ± 0.55 meq O2/kg), saponification value (185.61 ± 0.56 and 187.83 ± 2.08 mg KOH/g oil), unsaponifiable matter (5.57 ± 0.64 and 2.83 ± 0.23 mg KOH/g oil) and iodine value (97.24 ± 0.86 and 97.44 ± 2.93 g/100 g) respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the means of the two data sets of physicochemical properties of flaxseed oils extracted with the two solvents used at 95% confidence level. The GC-MS spectrum of flaxseed oil extracted with n-Hexane revealed presence of 27 fatty acids, the predominant were linoleic acid (46.53%), palmitic acid (18.04%), stearic acid (12.23%), linolenic acid (11.63%) and oleic acid (4.24%). While for petroleum ether extract a total of 28 fatty acids were identified the major were: linolenic acid (42.39%), linoleic acid (26.17%), palmitic acid (12.89%), stearic acid (10.73%) and  methyl erucic (1.24%.). The oils also, showed good antioxidant activity in relation to control; 28 ± 0.09 (DPPH) for n-Hexane extract and 26 ± 0.05 (DPPH) for petroleum ether extract.

Conclusion: Based on the results obtained flaxseed and flaxseed oil had good potential for human consumption and can be used for other application.
Morphological and Physiological Diversity of Native Fluorescent Pseudomonads from Eastern India
Authors: Kumari Gupta Annu , . Erayya , Vijay N. , Srinivasaraghavan A.
Published: January 2020

The potential negative effect of agrochemicals on the global environment and the cost associated with production lead to research for replacing the chemical fertilizers with bacterial inoculants. Pseudomonas fluorescens an important biocontrol agent because of its ability to induce plant growth and fungicidal/fungistatic activity. The native population of these rhizobacteria plays an important role in sustainable agriculture as they majorly dominate the rhizosphere. In the present study native, twenty-six fluorescent Pseudomonad cultures were isolated from the rhizospheric soil samples collected from the different locations of Zone 3A, Bihar and evaluated for their morphological and physiological diversity. Among the sixteen fluorescent pseudomonads tested, twelve of them produced round to oval colonies on Kings B medium. Of the sixteen isolates ascertained WHSB was produced maximum (51.33 x10‑8) number of colonies on Kings B medium followed by MSSB (28.33 X10‑8), BRKH (26.67 x10‑8) and TMSB (26.00 x10‑8). Fluorescent pseudomonad isolates varied slightly in their colony colour like green, dull-white, whitish-yellow and yellow on culture medium, the pH of 7.5 and glucose as a carbon source found best for the growth of fluorescent pseudomonads. The present work may use to develop effective formulations of potential fluorescent pseudomonads for management of soil-borne plant pathogens.