bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the question of using solid electrodes in the electrolysis of cryolite-alumina melts. Part 3. Electric field distribution on the electrodes
Authors: Gorlanov E. S. , Polyakov A. A.
Published: May 2021

The aim of this work is to identify the theoretical limitations of molten salts electrolysis using solid electrodes to overcome these limitations in practice. We applied the theory of electric field distribution on the electrodes in aqueous solutions to predict the distribution of current density and potential on the polycrystalline surface of electrodes in molten salts. By combining the theoretical background of the current density distribution with the basic laws of potential formation on the surface of the electrodes, we determined and validated the sequence of numerical studies of electrolytic processes in the pole gap. The application of the method allowed the characteristics of the current concentration edge effect at the periphery of smooth electrodes and the distribution of current density and potential on the heterogeneous electrode surface to be determined. The functional relationship and development of the electrolysis parameters on the smooth and rough surfaces of electrodes were established by the different scenario simulations of their interaction. It was shown that it is possible to reduce the nonuniformity of the current and potential distribution on the initially rough surface of electrodes with an increase in the cathode polarisation, alumina concentration optimisation and melt circulation. It is, nonetheless, evident that with prolonged electrolysis, physical and chemical inhomogeneity can develop, nullifying all attempts to stabilise the process. We theoretically established a relationship between the edge effect and roughness and the distribution of the current density and potential on solid electrodes, which can act as a primary and generalising reason for their increased consumption, passivation and electrolytic process destabilisation in standard and low-melting electrolytes. This functional relationship can form a basis for developing the methods of flattening the electric field distribution over the anodes and cathodes area and, therefore, stabilising the electrolytic process. Literature overview, laboratory tests and theoretical calculations allowed the organising principle of a stable electrolytic process to be formulated -the combined application of elliptical electrodes and the electrochemical micro-borating of the cathodes. Practical verification of this assumption is one direction for further theoretical and laboratory research.
Research into the chemical composition of refinery slag from silicon production for its efficient recycling
Authors: Nemchinova N. V. , Hoang V. V. , Aponchuk I. I.
Published: May 2021

The aim was to investigate the chemical composition of refinery slag obtained during silicon production in order to identify approaches to its further recycling. Research samples were collected from the slag remained after oxidation refining at the JSC Silicon (AO Kremny), RUSAL (Shelekhov, Irkutsk Oblast). The methods of X-ray phase, X-ray fluorescence, metallographic and scanning electron microscopy were employed to investigate the chemical composition of the samples. It was found that the refinery slag under study includes such basic components as elemental silicon, its carbide and oxide, as well as elemental carbon. It was shown that silicon carbide is the product of incomplete reduction, resulting from melting silica-containing ores in a smelting furnace. According to the conducted X-ray fluorescent analysis, the samples also contain (wt %): Ca - 7.40; Al - 3.80; Fe - 0.30; Ba - 0.19; K - 0.14; Na - 0.09; Sr - 0.09; Mg - 0.08; Ti - 0.05; S - 0.02. Calcium and aluminium are present in the slag mostly in the form of oxides. Complex oxides of an anor-thite type were also found: CaO Al2O3 2SiO2. The refinery slag under study also features insignificant amounts of other metal oxides, which are released from the furnace slag forming during the smelting process. The slag produced by oxidation refining during crystalline silicon production is a technogenic raw material containing valuable components. Due to the significant content of silicon in the refinery slag (from 42% to 65%), the existing methods applied to recycle such an industrial material were analysed in terms of additional silicon extraction or production of commercial silicon-containing products, which are in demand in various industries.
Improving the efficiency of the carbothermal reduction of red mud by microwave treatment
Authors: Khalifa A. A. , Bazhin V. Yu. , Shalabi M.E.-М.К. , Abdelmoneim A. , Omran M.
Published: May 2021

In this work, we studied the effect of microwave treatment of red mud briquettes containting more than 48% of Fe on the process of iron reduction under various conditions of heat treatment. Research samples were collected from red mud formed during the production of alumina from bauxite at the Ural Aluminum Smelter. The chemical composition of mud samples was examined by X-ray fluorescence analysis. The composition of initial mud and that of agglomerates obtained after treatment in microwave and muffle furnaces was studied using the X-ray diffraction method. Phase transitions and structural changes occurring under the effect of heating were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The experimental briquettes comprising red mud and charcoal were treated at 850°C and 1000°C in a microwave furnace (under the frequency of 2.45 GHz and the power of 900 W). For reference, briquettes of analogous composition were heat-treated in a muffle furnace under the same conditions. It was found that, under the conditions of microwave heating to 1000°C for 10 min, hematite is completely reduced to metallic iron after the addition of wustite. An analysis of the m i-crostructure of the samples after microwave treatment showed that the particles of metallic iron in the as-obtained pellet-agglomerates have a larger size than in those after conventional thermal heating in a muffle furnace. The metallized phases of reduced iron at the end of heat treatment in a microwave furnace create a stable durable body of agglomerates. The evidence-based parameters of the process can become a basis for designing a technology for recycling such an industrial material as red mud. The obtained high-strength pellets from red mud with a high content of reduced iron (up to 85%) may be used as an alternative charge material for ferrous metallurgy. The proposed technology for recycling red mud into pellet-agglomerates can be applied in various industries to reduce environmental impact on the production areas of alumina plants.
The level of satisfaction with their work and degree of burnout among anesthesiologists and emergency physicians working in the red zone of a COVID hospital
Authors: Malyarchikov А. V. , Shapovalov K. G.
Published: May 2021

The objective: To determine the level of satisfaction with their work and degree of burnout among anesthesiologists and emergency physicians working in the red zone of a COVID-19 hospital.

Subjects and methods. A prospective study was conducted as an anonymous survey of physicians performing their duties in intensive care units of the red zone. 65 specialists were interviewed: Group 1 (52.3%) – trainee physicians, Group 2 (47.7%) – anesthesiologists and emergency physicians.

Results. The majority of respondents in both groups noted relatively high satisfaction with their current work. At the same time, the majority of respondents (70.9%) in the group of anesthesiologists and emergency physicians would prefer the previous working conditions to current ones. Also, it was noted that both groups were highly emotionally exhausted.
Refractory septic shock (Part 1)
Authors: Plotkin L. L.
Published: May 2021

Refractory septic shock develops in 6–7% of sepsis patients with short-term lethality rate of more than 50%. It is necessary to assess the effectiveness of intensive therapy methods used in this case.

The objective of the review: to analyze publications on the intensive care of refractory septic shock.

Results. 56 studies published in the period from January 1, 1990 to September 1, 2020 were analysed, they reflect the effectiveness of some methods used for management of refractory septic shock (treatment of the underlying disease, liquid bolus, the use of norepinephrine, adjuvant therapy, management of metabolic acidosis). The second part of this article will reflect the evaluation of the effectiveness of other approaches to the treatment of this complication.
A clinical case of anaphylactic shock development after anesthesia induction
Authors: Khrapov K. N. , Khryapa A. A. , Vartanova I. V. , Sedov S. S. , Okhapina Yu. S. , Gavrilova E. G.
Published: May 2021

The article describes a clinical case when a patient who was supposed to have a planned surgery on the spine developed anaphylactic shock. After 10 minutes of anesthesia introduction, the patient developed severe hypotension (resistant to the administration of adrenomimetics) and tachycardia; a decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide at the end of expiration was noted. Due to the rapid development of a critical condition, the absence of specific skin manifestations and allergic history, as well as a direct association with the administration of a specific agent, it was necessary to carry out a differential diagnosis between acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and anaphylactic shock. During the intensive care, the patient had echocardiography and ECG, blood gases were tested; the decisive diagnostic factor was the identification of bronchospasm signs. When the condition was stabilized, angiography of the vessels of the heart and lungs was performed; later, the agent that caused the development of anaphylaxis was established.

Identifying the cause of hypotension after induction of anesthesia is critical because therapy can vary significantly. The development of anaphylactic shock during general anesthesia is not common but delayed diagnosis and therapy can be fatal. The article discusses modern approaches to the diagnosis and therapy of perioperative anaphylaxis using the example of the presented clinical case.
Polyphenol Profile and Quantitative Assessment of the Flavonoid Kaempferitrin in Wild and Cultivated Brazilian Amazonian Uncaria guianensis (Rubiaceae)
Authors: da Paixão Djavan , Barboza Rodolfo , Valente Ligia , Souza Matheus , Siani Antonio , Pereira Rita , Gallo Blanca , Berrueta Luis
Published: May 2021

The Amazonian Rubiaceae species Uncaria guianensis (UG) is locally used as antiinflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, anti-ulcers, and others. The phenolic content of its leaves is characterized by the great predominance of the flavonoid kaempferol-3,7-O-(α)-L-dirhamnoside (kaempferitrin). The present study quantitatively evaluates the kaempferitrin content in the leaves and branches of cultivated and wild UG specimens collected in different locations of the Brazilian Amazon rainforest by employing high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Besides, the understanding of the polyphenol profile performed by electron spray ionization is deepened by tandem mass spectrometry analysis (ESI-MS/MS), using a previously approached leaf UG extract, and the flavonoid quercetin-3,7-O-(α)-L-dirhamnoside was first isolated from UG. All samples showed quite similar qualitative polyphenol profiles. Kaempferitrin in UG ranged from 1.1 to 1.9 mg 100 mg-1 for dry leaves of adult wild plants, 0.3 to 0.7 mg 100 mg-1 for dry leaves of cultivated young plants and 0.00 to 0.04 mg 100 mg-1 for dry branches of adult wild plants. Besides suggesting the distribution of kaempferitrin in the species, these results reinforce this flavonol as a suitable chemical marker for UG leaves and the products derived from them.
ASTRONOMICAL INTERPRETATION OF EARLY PRAYER TIMES (Study of Differences in Determination of Early Prayer Times From The Text and Astronomical Prespective)
Authors: Hasan Rifki Hasan
Published: May 2021

Theoretically the prayer times have been determined by the Koran and Sunnah through the phenomenon of the movement of the sun. Based on the instructions of the Koran and the Sunnah there are various nashes that seem to contradict one another. For example, in the determination of early Fajr time, nashexpresses with some terminologhy, for example, ghalas, isfar, and ishbah. This needs to be defined practically in astronomical rules, making it easier for us to carry out worship. This paper will describe the meaning of prayer times from the language of the Koran and Sunnah into astronomical rules, so that prayer times can be easily reckoned and determined, without having to change the phenomenon of the sun every time it will perform prayers. This paper will include the debate of scholars in interpreting sharia in astronomical rules, so that this paper is not only doctrinal, but invites us to think more creatively in determining prayer times.
SOLAR EPHEMERIS ACCORDING TO SIMON NEWCOMB
Authors: Yaqin Alamul
Published: May 2021

The development of Falak cannot be separated from the ephemeris table, one of them i.e Simon Newcomb solar ephemeris. This ephemeris was used in the initial calculation of Abdur Rachim, one of Falak Indonesia's experts. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of the Simon Newcomb ephemeris reckoning algorithm and its strengths and weaknesses. This paper use descriptive analysis as the research methodology. The results of this study are this Ephemeris is quite accurate because because there aremany correction terms and consider aspects of the planet's relative motion to the Earth that can be seen in the formula for perturbation and nutation correction. The advantage of this ephemeris,it has a long period correction which is useful for calculating the Sun ephemeris in years far enough from the epoch used and directly uses UT time in its calculations so there is no need to convert UT to TD. The weakness of this ephemeris is that it cannot be done manually because the formula used is too long and there are many formula corrections.
QIBLA DIRECTION WITH THE CONSTELLATION (STUDY OF DETERMINATION OF QIBLA DIRECTION WITH GUBUG PENCENG)
Authors: Ni'am M Ihtirozun , Burhanuddin Muhammad Fiki , Rahmi Nizma Nur
Published: May 2021

In the ethnography of Javanese society, Gubug penceng is used as a southern constellation. With a declination value of -63º 05’ 57”, the appearance of this gubug penceng is a bit unique, because it can only be observed by observers who are south of the tropic. However, with a magnitude value of 0.77 and a shape that is easy to remember, it makes the gubug becomes a star that is easily visible to the naked eye. The author here will examine the use of the gubug penceng for determining the direction of the Qibla. Previous writers will take into account the azimuth of the Qibla and the azimuth of the acrux star which is the brightest star in the constellation of the thinner, then determine the direction of the Qibla by referring to the difference between the azimuth acrux and the qibla. This research is a field research which is included in qualitative numerical research. The author will compare the results of the Qibla direction from this gubug penceng with the Qibla direction determined with the help of the azimuth of the Sun. The results of this study found that the gubug penceng can be used as a reference to determine the direction of the Qibla. The qibla direction of the measurement results is quite accurate, because the object of aiming is in the form of a central point of the star. The difference between the direction of the Qibla between using the reference hut is not more than 24 minutes, so the results are quite accurate.
Feasibility of using smart meter water consumption data and in-sewer flow observations for sewer system analysis: a case study
Authors: Lund N. S. V. , Kirstein J. K. , Madsen H. , Mark O. , Mikkelsen P. S. , Borup M.
Published: May 2021

Globally, smart meters measuring the water consumption with a high temporal resolution at consumers' households are deployed at an increasing rate. In addition to their use for billing or leak detection purposes, smart meters may provide detailed knowledge of the wastewater inflow to the sewer systems in space and time and open up new types of system analyses aimed at closing the urban water balance. In this study, we first validate the smart meter data against other, independent water distribution data. Subsequently, we use a detailed hydrodynamic sewer system model to link the smart meter data from almost 2,000 consumers with in-sewer flow observations in order to simulate the wastewater component of the dry weather flow (DWF) and to identify potential anomalies. Results show that it is feasible to use smart meter data as input to a distributed urban drainage model, as the temporal dynamics of the model results and in-sewer flow observations match well. Furthermore, the study suggests that in-sewer flow observations may be subject to unrecognised uncertainties, which make them unsuitable for advanced investigations of the DWF composition, and this underlines the necessity of collecting data from independent sources. The study also exemplifies that digital system integration in the water sector may be complicated. However, overcoming these obstacles may improve both offline and real-time urban drainage management.
Spatio-temporal modeling of COVID-19 epidemic
Authors:   Ben Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel, Sokolovsky V.L. , Furman G.B. ,   Ben Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel, Polyanskaya D.A. ,   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner, 26 Petropavlovskaya Str., Perm, 614000, Russian Federation, Furman E.G. ,   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner, 26 Petropavlovskaya Str., Perm, 614000, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

In autumn and winter 2020–2021 there was a growth in morbidity with COVID-19. Since there are no efficient medications and mass vaccination has only just begun, quarantine, limitations on travels and contacts between people as well as use of personal protection equipment (masks) still remain priority measures aimed at preventing the disease from spreading. In this work we have analyzed how the epidemic developed and what impacts quarantine measures exerted on the disease spread; to do that we applied various mathematical models. It was shown that simple models belonging to SIR-type (S means susceptible; I, infected; and R, recovered or removed from the infected group) allowed estimating certain model parameters such as morbidity and recovery coefficients that could be used in more complicated models. We examined spatio-temporal epidemiologic models based on finding solutions to non-stationary two-dimensional reaction-diffusion equations. Such models allow taking into account uneven distribution of population, changes in population mobility, and changes in frequency of contacts between susceptible and infected people due to quarantine. We applied obtained analytical and numerical solutions to analyze different stages in the epidemic as well as its wave-like development influenced by imposing and canceling quarantine limitations. To take into account ultimate rate at which the disease spreads and its incubation period (when an infected person is not a source of contagion), we suggest using equations similar to the Cattaneo-Vernotte one. The suggested model allows predicting where the front of morbidity spread is going to occur, that is, a moving frontier between areas where there are infected people and areas where they are absent. Use of such models provides an opportunity to introduce differential quarantine measures basing on more objective grounds. At the end of 2020 mass vaccination started in some countries. We estimated a necessary number of people that had to be vaccinated so that new waves of COVID-19 epidemic would be prevented; in our estimates, not less than 80% of the country population should be vaccinated. Correct prediction of epidemic development is becoming more and more vital at the moment due to new and more contagious COVID-19 virus strains occurring in England, South Africa, and some other countries. Our research results can be used for predicting spread of COVID-19 and other communicable diseases; they can make for taking the most efficient measures for successful control over epidemics.
Regulation of work-related and occupational impacts on workers employed at railroads: experience gained in Russia and other countries
Authors:   Federal Service for Surveillance over Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Railway transport office, 17 Dubininskaya Str., Moscow, 115054, Russian Federation, Loginova V.A. , Kas'kov Yu.N. ,   Federal Service for Surveillance over Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Railway transport office, 17 Dubininskaya Str., Moscow, 115054, Russian Federation, Zhidkova E.A. ,   The Central Healthcare Office, a brunch of «Russian Railways» JSC, 52a Malaya Gruzinskaya Str., Moscow, 123557, Russian Federation,   A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20/1 Delegatskaya Str., Moscow, 127473, Russian Federation, Gurevich K.G. ,   A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20/1 Delegatskaya Str., Moscow, 127473, Russian Federation, Smertina Yu.L. ,   Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology at railway transport, 2 the 1st Basmanniy lane, Moscow, 105066, Russian Federation, Pletnikova O.A. ,   Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology at railway transport, 2 the 1st Basmanniy lane, Moscow, 105066, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

The present research is vital as it will allow increasing safety of working conditions for workers employed at railway transport due to reducing impacts exerted by occupational risk factors. Our research goal was to perform comparative analysis of requirements to labor protection provided for railway workers. Our research was performed via non-systemic analysis of literature that involved searching through Elibrary, Pubmed and Cochrane databases as per certain key words. As a result, we showed that railway traffic involved exposure to numerous occupational risk factors; due to it, a significant number of workplaces, including those of enginemen and other railway workers, belonged to the 3rd (adverse) hazard category. Basic occupational risk factors included noise and vibration; psychoemotional loads borne by engine team workers and traffic controllers; exposure to industrial aerosols; electromagnetic irradiation; fluctuations in microclimatic parameters in engines’ cabs. All these occupational factors influence not only workers who are directly employed at railways but also people who live in close proximity to them. Therefore, in most countries there is legislative basis on health protection for people who may be exposed to occupational factors related to railway traffic. Our analysis revealed that in general the existing legislation in Russia corresponded to foreign one. Bases for harmonization of the domestic legislation with foreign one are fixed by the Federal Law issued on December 27, 2002 No. 184-FZ «On technical regulation». Harmonization of domestic and foreign legislation on reducing total exposure to occupational risk factors allows preserving long-term working ability and preventing work-related diseases.
Cytotoxicity, Anti-diabetic, and Hepato-protective Potential of Ajuga
bracteosa-conjugated Silver Nanoparticles in Balb/c Mice
Authors: Nazer Sadia , Andleeb Saiqa , Ali Shaukat , Gulzar Nazia , Raza Abida , Khan Habib , Akhtar Kalsoom , Ahmed Muhammad Naeem
Published: May 2021

Background:

Ajuga bracteosa is a traditional herb used against various diseases.

Objective:

Current research aimed to investigate the anti-diabetic and hepato-protective effect of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (ABAgNPs) using Ajuga bracteosa aqueous extract (ABaqu).

Methods:

In vitro anti-diabetic and cytotoxic effects were carried out via α- glucosidase inhibition, brine shrimp lethality, and protein kinase inhibition assays. For in vivo screening of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of both ABAgNPs and ABaqu in alloxan-induced and CCl4-induced Swiss albino mice were used. Liver and kidney functional markers, hematology, and histopathological studies were carried out after 14 days of administration.

Results:

In vivo antidiabetic and anti-cancerous effects showed valuable anti-hyperglycemic and hepato-protective potential when mice were treated with ABaqu and ABAgNPs. A significant reduction in the blood glucose level was recorded when ABaqu and ABAgNPs were administrated orally compared to Glibenclamide treated group. Significant reduction in ALT, AST, ALP, urea, uric acid, and creatinine was recorded in ABaqu and ABAgNPs treated diabetic mice. The hepato-protective findings indicated that ALT, ALP, AST were elevated in CCl4-induced mice while declined in both ABAgNPs and ABaqu treated CCl4-induced mice. Histopathological examination revealed that ABAgNPs have hepato-protective activity.

Conclusion:

It was concluded that ABAgNPs and ABaqu possessed strong anti-diabetic and hepato-protective phytoconstituents, which could be used in the prevention of diseases.
Kinematic Alignment Technique for TKA on Degenerative Knees with Severe Bone Loss: A Report of 3 Cases
Authors: Rivière Charles , Webb Jeremy , Vendittoli Pascal-André
Published: May 2021

A severely degenerative knee joint with substantial bone attrition poses a significant challenge when performing Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) using the Kinematic Alignment (KA) technique. In order to restore the pre-arthritic knee anatomy, the surgeon has the task of estimating quantity and location of bone loss. We present three such cases and describe the key steps to safely perform KATKA in these complex situations.
Acutil® in Mild Cognitive Impairment or Early Dementia: An Exploratory Observational Pilot Study
Authors: Rainer Michael , Mucke Hermann A.M.
Published: May 2021

Background:

With no approved treatment for mild cognitive impairment
(MCI), attention increasingly turns to qualified food supplements.

Objective:

To conduct a 12-month rater-blinded exploratory outpatient trial with Acutil®,
a supplement consisting of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, Ginkgo biloba extract, and
vitamins, in 50 persons with amnestic MCI or mild to moderate Alzheimer or mixed-type
dementia.

Methods:

The used cognitive tools were the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-
Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog), the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), and Controlled
Oral Word Association Test (COWAT). Patients were randomized in the ratio of 40:10 to
additional Acutil® or no additional supplementation; all continued on their existing medications
during the entire study.

Results:

Only the COWAT produced a clear positive signal in the Acutil® group between
individual baseline and study endpoint, but the between-group comparison was not statistically
significant. The MMSE score remained stable in the Acutil® group while deteriorating
in the control group; post hoc examination suggests that the Acutil® group might
have contained responders. The ADAS-Cog and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scores
showed marginal deterioration in both groups.

Conclusions:

We tentatively interpret our results as potentially indicating positive effects of
Acutil® on verbal fluency and some aspects of executive function, with an onset after 6
months of continuous treatment. However, much larger and double-blinded studies will be
required to make firm statements.
HUKUM DAN POLITIK DI CHINA (KAJIAN RELASI KEKUASAAN PARTAI TERHADAP PROFESI HUKUM)
Authors:   Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: May 2021

Abstract This article discusses the legal and political issues in the People's Republic of China by examining interactions between the legal profession which have a profound but undisputed impact on daily law enforcement and broader state-community relations. This doctrinal research uses conceptual approach. The results shows that since the late 1970s, China has experienced significant political, economic, social and cultural changes. The legal system had restoration but retained the character of state hostility towards this entity. Courts, prosecutors and the police are government apparatus controlled by the party as the highest authority in formulating and control policy. The lawyer's profession has been privatized, but with the lack in the legal education system, issues of attorney's capacity have surfaced. Lawyers are permitted to join professional associations, but party control remains strong. Critical and active lawyers are likely to have a wide-ranging impact in the future on the existence of judges, prosecutors and police, even including the party's authoritarians themselves.
Pengaruh Perencanaan dan Penganggaran terhadap Kinerja Perangkat Daerah pada Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Kabupaten Kutai Timur
Authors: Ariesmawati Yulia
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the study is to determine planning and budgeting impact partially on as performance indicator of the regional organization in Regional Development Planning Departement of East Kutai Regency in East Kalimantan Province. This research using quantitative approach, with responden survey method, which was conducted on 58 State Civil Apparatuses (ASN) with qualification minimum hold bachelor degree as responden. Data analysis using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results describe that there ware positive and significant correlation between planning and budgeting impact in partially with performance of regional organization in Regional Development Planning Department (Bappeda) East Kutai Timur.
Peran Digital On-Line [DO] dalam Pengadaan Yang Berkeadilan Sosial bagi Seluruh Rakyat Indonesia
Authors: Mulawardana Junaedi
Published: May 2021

Procurement in government synergy is one of the activities that plays an important role in the running of a Ministry, Institution and Regional Government. When a procurement process is hampered, it is certain that activities on Ministry, Institution and Regional Government will be affected, both in terms of budget absorption and the output. In the procurement activities there are many factors that cause the procurement process to not run as it should, it can be caused by technical and nontechnical constraints. Evaluation of rules and methods of change is one solution to minimize it. On-line procurement methods are the right solution to conduct procurement that is efficient, effective, transparent, open, competitive, fair and accountable. Because this will cut the direct relationship between the buyer with the provider, So the results of this procurement process will be utilized by the Indonesian people both directly and indirectly as users of the results of all procurement processes carried out by Ministry, Institution and Regional Government.
Pelayanan Penerbitan Sertifikat Kepemilikan Tanah (Studi pada Kantor Pertanahan Nasional Kabupaten Bondowoso)
Authors: Wardaty Sela Febby , Sumartono Sumartono , Setyowati Endah
Published: May 2021

In the case of the development of public services, it is not merely an administrative problem or merely fulfilling the physical needs of service quality and customer satisfaction, especially considering that both of them have a major influence on the sustainability and development of an organization's mission. Such services must be accessible to the community without exception, regardless of socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, religion and other subjective characteristics. As a service provider for citizens, the government is required to further optimize and be able and able to fulfill all its responsibilities to the community, both in terms of quality and quantity of service. Problems that occur in the Bondowoso District National Land Office are problems of poor service quality, good service quality will produce good output for the community and for the Land Office itself. The services available at the Land Office are a bit complicated and difficult for the public. The service of land certificates will make people's lives better with clear legal certainty.
Physical Activity and Successful Pregnancy in 6 Months: A Finding from the Pregnancy and Urban Environment Study
Authors: An Seon Mi , Choe Seung-Ah , Jun Byungyool
Published: May 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the association between physical activity and pregnancy in 6 months among infertile women who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF).Methods: The participants included in this study were infertile women who underwent IVF at Cha Fertility Center in Seoul Station from October 2019 to February 2020. Of 132 women who agreed to participate in the study, one was eliminated for omitting the exercise questionnaire. A survey assessing the level of physical activity of infertile women was conducted using the Korean version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaires. We calculated metabolic equivalent task-minutes (MET-min) scores and obtained their IVF results after 6 months of the survey. Participants with less than 3,000 MET-min were classified into the minimally active group, and those with ≥3,000 MET-min were classified as the healthenhancing group. The 2 groups were compared based on age, anti-Müllerian hormone levels, body mass index, infertility duration, nulliparity, harmful alcohol drinking, history of smoking, obesity, male factors, and pregnancy rates. Adjusted relative risk for pregnancy was calculated using log-binomial regression analysis.Results: There was no significant difference in basal characteristics between the less active and health-enhancing groups. When controlling for all covariates, the relative risk for pregnancy was close to null with health-enhancing activity. The adjusted pregnancy rate decreased with increasing MET-min in the generalized additive model.Conclusion: We observed no positive association between physical activity and pregnancy rate among interfile women undergoing IVF. To confirm our findings, subsequent interventional studies would be needed.
Developing an Automatic System for Classifying Chatter About Health Services on Twitter: Case Study for Medicaid
Authors: Yang Yuan-Chi , Al-Garadi Mohammed Ali , Bremer Whitney , Zhu Jane M , Grande David , Sarker Abeed
Published: May 2021

Background

The wide adoption of social media in daily life renders it a rich and effective resource for conducting near real-time assessments of consumers’ perceptions of health services. However, its use in these assessments can be challenging because of the vast amount of data and the diversity of content in social media chatter.

Objective

This study aims to develop and evaluate an automatic system involving natural language processing and machine learning to automatically characterize user-posted Twitter data about health services using Medicaid, the single largest source of health coverage in the United States, as an example.

Methods

We collected data from Twitter in two ways: via the public streaming application programming interface using Medicaid-related keywords (Corpus 1) and by using the website’s search option for tweets mentioning agency-specific handles (Corpus 2). We manually labeled a sample of tweets in 5 predetermined categories or other and artificially increased the number of training posts from specific low-frequency categories. Using the manually labeled data, we trained and evaluated several supervised learning algorithms, including support vector machine, random forest (RF), naïve Bayes, shallow neural network (NN), k-nearest neighbor, bidirectional long short-term memory, and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT). We then applied the best-performing classifier to the collected tweets for postclassification analyses to assess the utility of our methods.

Results

We manually annotated 11,379 tweets (Corpus 1: 9179; Corpus 2: 2200) and used 7930 (69.7%) for training, 1449 (12.7%) for validation, and 2000 (17.6%) for testing. A classifier based on BERT obtained the highest accuracies (81.7%, Corpus 1; 80.7%, Corpus 2) and F1 scores on consumer feedback (0.58, Corpus 1; 0.90, Corpus 2), outperforming the second best classifiers in terms of accuracy (74.6%, RF on Corpus 1; 69.4%, RF on Corpus 2) and F1 score on consumer feedback (0.44, NN on Corpus 1; 0.82, RF on Corpus 2). Postclassification analyses revealed differing intercorpora distributions of tweet categories, with political (400778/628411, 63.78%) and consumer feedback (15073/27337, 55.14%) tweets being the most frequent for Corpus 1 and Corpus 2, respectively.

Conclusions

The broad and variable content of Medicaid-related tweets necessitates automatic categorization to identify topic-relevant posts. Our proposed system presents a feasible solution for automatic categorization and can be deployed and generalized for health service programs other than Medicaid. Annotated data and methods are available for future studies.
The Effect of Test Timing on the Probability of Positive SARS-CoV-2 Swab Test Results: Mixed Model Approach
Authors: Benoni Roberto , Panunzi Silvia , Campagna Irene , Moretti Francesca , Lo Cascio Giuliana , Spiteri Gianluca , Porru Stefano , Tardivo Stefano
Published: May 2021

Background

During the COVID-19 pandemic, swab tests proved to be effective in containing the infection and served as a means for early diagnosis and contact tracing. However, little evidence exists regarding the correct timing for the execution of the swab test, especially for asymptomatic individuals and health care workers.

Objective

The objective of this study was to analyze changes in the positive findings over time in individual SARS-CoV-2 swab tests during a health surveillance program.

Methods

The study was conducted with 2071 health care workers at the University Hospital of Verona, with a known date of close contact with a patient with COVID-19, between February 29 and April 17, 2020. The health care workers underwent a health surveillance program with repeated swab tests to track their virological status. A generalized additive mixed model was used to investigate how the probability of a positive test result changes over time since the last known date of close contact, in an overall sample of individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 and in a subset of individuals with an initial negative swab test finding before being proven positive, to assess different surveillance time intervals.

Results

Among the 2071 health care workers in this study, 191 (9.2%) tested positive for COVID-19, and 103 (54%) were asymptomatic with no differences based on sex or age. Among 49 (25.7%) cases, the initial swab test yielded negative findings after close contact with a patient with COVID-19. Sex, age, symptoms, and the time of sampling were not different between individuals with an initial negative swab test finding and those who initially tested positive after close contact. In the overall sample, the estimated probability of testing positive was 0.74 on day 1 after close contact, which increased to 0.77 between days 5 and 8. In the 3 different scenarios for scheduled repeated testing intervals (3, 5, and 7 days) in the subgroup of individuals with an initially negative swab test finding, the probability peaked on the sixth, ninth and tenth, and 13th and 14th days, respectively.

Conclusions

Swab tests can initially yield false-negative outcomes. The probability of testing positive increases from day 1, peaking between days 5 and 8 after close contact with a patient with COVID-19. Early testing, especially in this final time window, is recommended together with a health surveillance program scheduled in close intervals.
Developing an Automatic System for Classifying Chatter About Health Services on Twitter: Case Study for Medicaid (Preprint)
Authors: Yang Yuan-Chi , Al-Garadi Mohammed Ali , Bremer Whitney , Zhu Jane M , Grande David , Sarker Abeed
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

The wide adoption of social media in daily life renders it a rich and effective resource for conducting near real-time assessments of consumers’ perceptions of health services. However, its use in these assessments can be challenging because of the vast amount of data and the diversity of content in social media chatter.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop and evaluate an automatic system involving natural language processing and machine learning to automatically characterize user-posted Twitter data about health services using Medicaid, the single largest source of health coverage in the United States, as an example.

METHODS

We collected data from Twitter in two ways: via the public streaming application programming interface using Medicaid-related keywords (Corpus 1) and by using the website’s search option for tweets mentioning agency-specific handles (Corpus 2). We manually labeled a sample of tweets in 5 predetermined categories or other and artificially increased the number of training posts from specific low-frequency categories. Using the manually labeled data, we trained and evaluated several supervised learning algorithms, including support vector machine, random forest (RF), naïve Bayes, shallow neural network (NN), k-nearest neighbor, bidirectional long short-term memory, and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT). We then applied the best-performing classifier to the collected tweets for postclassification analyses to assess the utility of our methods.

RESULTS

We manually annotated 11,379 tweets (Corpus 1: 9179; Corpus 2: 2200) and used 7930 (69.7%) for training, 1449 (12.7%) for validation, and 2000 (17.6%) for testing. A classifier based on BERT obtained the highest accuracies (81.7%, Corpus 1; 80.7%, Corpus 2) and F1 scores on consumer feedback (0.58, Corpus 1; 0.90, Corpus 2), outperforming the second best classifiers in terms of accuracy (74.6%, RF on Corpus 1; 69.4%, RF on Corpus 2) and F1 score on consumer feedback (0.44, NN on Corpus 1; 0.82, RF on Corpus 2). Postclassification analyses revealed differing intercorpora distributions of tweet categories, with political (400778/628411, 63.78%) and consumer feedback (15073/27337, 55.14%) tweets being the most frequent for Corpus 1 and Corpus 2, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The broad and variable content of Medicaid-related tweets necessitates automatic categorization to identify topic-relevant posts. Our proposed system presents a feasible solution for automatic categorization and can be deployed and generalized for health service programs other than Medicaid. Annotated data and methods are available for future studies.

CLINICALTRIAL
Surgical Treatments for Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease: Comprehensive Review (Preprint)
Authors: Maleki Arash , Qoreishy Seyyed Mohammad , Bahrami Mohammad Nabi
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a common public health problem that usually occurs between the ages of 4 and 8 years, but it can occur between the ages of 2 and 15 years. This condition occurs due to the interruption of blood supply to the femoral head. Up to now, different surgical and nonsurgical treatments, including femoral varus osteotomy, innominate osteotomy, pelvic osteotomies, triple osteotomy, Chiari osteotomy, and shelf acetabuloplasty, have been suggested for noncontainable LCPD hips.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this comprehensive review was to investigate the various surgical techniques used for LCPD.

METHODS

An advanced electronic search of the English-language literature was performed from October 8 to 14, 2020. The electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, Ovid, and Google scholar were searched using appropriate search terms. A manual search of references also was performed. After retrieving the studies, duplicates were removed, and the remining studies were screened based on the title, abstract, and full text. The quality of the selected articles was assessed, and the required data were extracted from eligible articles.

RESULTS

A total of 22 studies were included in the review. Based on the results of the reviewed studies, there are three main factors that influence the treatment outcomes in patients with Perthes disease. These factors are onset age, femoral head involvement severity, and treatment method. The disease has a poor prognosis in children over 8 years old, but this group of patients can also benefit from advanced surgical methods. In patients aged less than 6 years, the disease has a generally good prognosis, but in those aged between 6 and 8 years, its prognosis is variable. Thus, the need for surgical intervention requires close observation of signs. Once any head signs are observed, dynamic arthrography is beneficial before choosing the treatment approach.

CONCLUSIONS

This review provides clinicians with a brief guideline for the treatment of patients with LCPD.
Open-source Longitudinal Sleep Analysis From Accelerometer Data (DPSleep): Algorithm Development and Validation (Preprint)
Authors: Rahimi-Eichi Habiballah , Coombs III Garth , Vidal Bustamante Constanza M , Onnela Jukka-Pekka , Baker Justin T , Buckner Randy L
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Wearable devices are now widely available to collect continuous objective behavioral data from individuals and to measure sleep.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to introduce a pipeline to infer sleep onset, duration, and quality from raw accelerometer data and then quantify the relationships between derived sleep metrics and other variables of interest.

METHODS

The pipeline released here for the deep phenotyping of sleep, as the DPSleep software package, uses a stepwise algorithm to detect missing data; within-individual, minute-based, spectral power percentiles of activity; and iterative, forward-and-backward–sliding windows to estimate the major Sleep Episode onset and offset. Software modules allow for manual quality control adjustment of the derived sleep features and correction for time zone changes. In this paper, we have illustrated the pipeline with data from participants studied for more than 200 days each.

RESULTS

Actigraphy-based measures of sleep duration were associated with self-reported sleep quality ratings. Simultaneous measures of smartphone use and GPS location data support the validity of the sleep timing inferences and reveal how phone measures of sleep timing can differ from actigraphy data.

CONCLUSIONS

We discuss the use of DPSleep in relation to other available sleep estimation approaches and provide example use cases that include multi-dimensional, deep longitudinal phenotyping, extended measurement of dynamics associated with mental illness, and the possibility of combining wearable actigraphy and personal electronic device data (eg, smartphones and tablets) to measure individual differences across a wide range of behavioral variations in health and disease. A new open-source pipeline for deep phenotyping of sleep, DPSleep, analyzes raw accelerometer data from wearable devices and estimates sleep onset and offset while allowing for manual quality control adjustments.