bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling of Quaternary Glacier Extent and Climate in Tasmania, Australia
Authors:   , O'Donnell Rebecca Joan
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of Quaternary glaciations in Tasmania, and to assess their climatic significance. During the Quaternary, Tasmania experienced ice cap development in the West Coast Range and Central Plateau, with smaller cirque and valley glaciers developing on surrounding mountains. Geomorphic evidence indicates at least four glacial advances occurred. A 500 m resolution, three-dimensional thermomechanical ice-sheet model was used to reconstruct and simulate these glacier fluctuations. The model, while a simplification of reality, provided a framework in which to understand the genesis of contemporary landforms and former glacial climate conditions in Tasmania. Input specifications of basal topography, temperature and precipitation were required, with the latter two interpolated from present-day datasets. Numerous experiments were carried out, involving systematic alterations to temperature and precipitation, basal sliding and atmospheric temperature lapse-rates. Modelled output was compared to empirical evidence with the aim of optimizing the parameters (temperature, precipitation) from which model mismatch was minimised. An annual temperature reduction of 6' C is required for glaciers to form in Tasmania. When temperatures cool beyond this threshold, an ice mass develops over the Central Highlands, Central Plateau, West Coast Range and other mountains. In all but the most extensive glaciations, the Central Plateau ice field consists of a relatively thin carapace of ice, and the thickest and most dynamic glaciers develop in the deep valleys of the Central Highlands. The model shows that ice readily flows down the west-facing valleys from the Central Highlands to join with West Coast Range glaciers. A temperature reduction between 7 and 9' C, with corresponding regional precipitation changes of between +/-50% and an increase in orographic precipitation is required to simulate the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ice cover. Earlier glacial advances require larger coolings of up to 11.25' C depending on the regional precipitation conditions prescribed. Mismatches between geomorphic evidence and modelled reconstructions probably result from model grid size issues and parameters not accommodated by the model such as wind-blown snow redistribution. This means that temperature reductions derived from the model may have been overestimated. Despite these limitations, reconstructed temperatures compare well to some multi-proxy palaeo-temperature records from Tasmania, although the cooling identified was larger than that recorded in nearby ocean sediments.
Inter-Organisational Knowledge Sharing in the Public Sector: The Role of Social Capital and Information and Communication Technology
Authors:   , Jansen van Vuuren Sally
Published: November 2021

This thesis explores the dynamics of knowledge sharing, through the context of interorganisational collaboration in the public sector. The growth of collaboration across public sector organisations places increasing importance on knowledge sharing, yet it is an area that has historically proved difficult for the sector. Knowledge sharing research increasingly emphasises the importance of social capital in facilitating and influencing knowledge sharing behaviours, yet the public sector’s approach to knowledge sharing has predominantly focussed on the use of information and communication technology (ICT) tools. The aim of this research is to better understand the dynamics of knowledge sharing, and the roles that social capital and ICT play in knowledge sharing. This is a contemporary and important research topic. Public sector commitment to increasing collaboration requires a strong focus on inter-organisational knowledge sharing. This multiple-case, multi-method research incorporates a research design that blends qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis. The research extends and deepens current understanding of the dynamics of knowledge sharing and contributes to the existing body of knowledge in the areas of knowledge sharing, social capital, and ICT. It also provides valuable empirical evidence relating to public sector based sharing at the inter-organisational level. The research found that social capital is a significant concern for collaborative teams. Factors such as trust, group identity and shared purpose and goals were identified as important considerations for team members. Despite the sector’s focus on ICT tools as key knowledge sharing mechanisms, the actual availability of tools was limited. Further, individuals’ use of tools was low due to their perceptions of the available tools as difficult to use and of limited usefulness. A key outcome of the research was the development of a conceptual framework that can be used to support the work of academics and practitioners engaged in the field of collaboration and knowledge sharing. The framework identifies six important antecedents that influence the development of social capital, and the availability and use of ICT. These antecedents include collaboration design, leadership, the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of ICT, and individual technical ability. The final antecedent identifies individual’s commitment to the ‘intrinsic value of public sector work’ as a key collaboration factor.
Jung, Aquinas, and the Aurora Consurgens: Establishing a Relationship with God
Authors:   , Davis Barrie
Published: November 2021

The reunion of a man with God is the subject of a medieval text which aggregates excerpts from the Bible and Arabic alchemical texts that had recently become available in Europe. The Aurora Consurgens personifies God as Wisdom, a spiritual being who not only formed the world in the beginning but is also a guide to men to return to God subsequent to their separation at the Fall. The union of feminine Wisdom and a man is aligned with pairs of opposites such as spirit and soul, and is also conflated with the union of a man and a woman. While the text is perhaps falsely ascribed to St. Thomas, it is consistent with his ideas so that it may be explicated using his writings on the Trinity, psychology, angels, and Greek philosophy. From there, correspondence is established with C. G. Jung‘s concept of archetypes, and the text is subsequently interpreted from the perspective of analytical psychology. It is identified how interaction of archetypes associated with the union of a man and a woman provide an explanation for the process of redemption given in the Aurora. A similar process of redemption is identified in other writings from the beginning of the Christian era up to the modern teachings of the Catholic Church.
Controls on Spatial and Temporal Variation in Snow Accumulation on Glaciers in the Southern Alps, New Zealand
Authors:   , Purdie Heather
Published: November 2021

Mountain glaciers are already responding to climatic warming, and are expected to make a substantial contribution to sea-level rise in the coming decades. The aim of this investigation in the New Zealand Southern Alps was to improve our understanding of snow accumulation variability on mid-latitude maritime glaciers, in order to allow for better estimation of future glacier mass balance. The specific aim was to investigate snow accumulation processes at a range of spatial and temporal scales, focussing on synoptic-scale atmospheric circulation influences, moisture sources for snow accumulation and local-scale dependencies of snow accumulation in relation to topography. A range of methods were utilised including direct measurement, snow and ice core analysis, statistical analysis and modelling. Snow accumulation in the Southern Alps was found to be derived predominantly from the Tasman Sea, and deposited during low pressure troughs and fronts. Although precipitation increased with elevation, wind processes redistributed this mass. On a ~monthly timescale this redistribution caused an unexpected result, namely that wind deflation of snow on Franz Josef Glacier countered the effects of greater accumulation, and total accumulation was similar at both Franz Josef and Tasman Glaciers over this period. These processes make it challenging to simulate snow accumulation patterns by simply extrapolating snowfall over an orographic barrier from lowland climate station data. On an inter-annual basis, temperature, especially during the ablation season, had most influence on net accumulation, and warm summers served to homogenise winter variability. Consequently, atmospheric circulation patterns that affect summer temperature, for example the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) also influence inter-annual variability in net accumulation. Together, these results highlight the dependence of maritime glaciers in the New Zealand Southern Alps on the prevailing westerly circulation. Although some uncertainty surrounds how global warming will affect atmospheric circulation and synoptic weather patterns, the results of this research indicate that New Zealand glaciers can be expected to lose significant mass in the coming decades if the current positive trend in the SAM continues, and if La Niña events (positive ENSO) become more frequent.
A Road Less Travelled: The American Biker Film of the 1960s and 1970s
Authors:   , Carter William Liell
Published: November 2021

In the period 1966-1974 there were at least forty independent, low-budget feature films made in the United States about motorcycle gangs. These films were inspired by media coverage of the notorious exploits of actual gangs in the post-War period. They depict bikers as violent libertines who live non-conformist lives and engage frequently in anti-social behaviour. The films are marked by motorcycle 'runs,' wild parties, brawls, and sexual violence. While the biker film has received some critical attention, it has not been analysed to the same extent as that more reputable and better known genre of the same period, the road movie. This thesis will expand on existing research by initially examining the factors that shaped the biker film, such as the media panic about real gangs, the influence of the counterculture, exploitation filmmaking, and New Hollywood cinema. The project will also investigate the narrative features of the genre, and link this analysis to debates around post-classical narration. Finally, the thesis will interpret the representation of gender in the biker film. This thesis will argue that the biker film should be situated within a continuum of male-oriented genres that involve violent spectacle. It will also make a contribution to the ongoing research on New Hollywood cinema.
The Theory of the Hydrogen Molecule Ion, Scalar Beams, and Scattering by Spheroids
Authors:   , Boyack Rufus M
Published: November 2021

Schrodinger's equation for the hydrogen molecule ion and the Helmholtz equation are separable in prolate and oblate spheroidal coordinates respectively. They share the same form of the angular equation. The first task in deriving the ground state energy of the hydrogen molecule ion, and in obtaining finite solutions of the Helmholtz equation, is to obtain the physically allowed values of the separation of variables parameter. The separation parameter is not known analytically, and since it can only have certain values, it is an important parameter to quantify. Chapter 2 of this thesis investigates an exact method of obtaining the separation parameter. By showing that the angular equation is solvable in terms of confluent Heun functions, a new method to obtain the separation parameter was obtained. We showed that the physically allowed values of the separation of variables parameter are given by the zeros of the Wronskian of two linearly dependent solutions to the angular equation. Since the Heun functions are implemented in Maple, this new method allows the separation parameter to be calculated to unlimited precision. As Schrodinger's equation for the hydrogen molecule ion is related to Helmholtz's equation, this warranted investigation of scalar beams. Tightly focused optical and quantum particle beams are described by exact solutions of the Helmholtz equation. In Chapter 3 of this thesis we investigate the applicability of the separable spheroidal solutions of the scalar Helmholtz equation as physical beam solutions. By requiring a scalar beam solution to satisfy certain physical constraints, we showed that the oblate spheroidal wave functions can only represent nonparaxial scalar beams when the angular function is odd, in terms of the angular variable. This condition ensures the convergence of integrals of physical quantities over a cross-section of the beam and allows for the physically necessary discontinuity in phase at z = 0 on the ellipsoidal surfaces of otherwise constant phase. However, these solutions were shown to have a discontinuous longitudinal derivative. Finally, we investigated the scattering of scalar waves by oblate and prolate spheroids whose symmetry axis is coincident with the direction of the incident plane wave. We developed a phase shift formulation of scattering by oblate and prolate spheroids, in parallel with the partial wave theory of scattering by spherical obstacles. The crucial step was application of a finite Legendre transform to the Helmholtz equation in spheroidal coordinates. Analytical results were readily obtained for scattering of Schrodinger particle waves by impenetrable spheroids and for scattering of sound waves by acoustically soft spheroids. The advantage of this theory is that it enables all that can be done for scattering by spherical obstacles to be carried over to the scattering by spheroids, provided the radial eigenfunctions are known.
The Role of Analogy in Adaptive Explanation
Authors:   , Currie Adrian Mitchell
Published: November 2021

Cases of 'convergence' (traits which have independently evolved in two or more lineages) could play an important role in the construction and corroboration of adaptive hypotheses. In particular, they could inform us about the evolutionary histories of novel traits. However, there is a problem of causal depth in the use of analogies. Natural Selection's affect on phenotype is constrained by phylogenetic history to a degree that we are unfounded in projecting adaptive stories from one lineage to another. I will argue for two approaches to resolve this issue. First, by constraining our catchment area to closely related lineages we can control for developmental noise. Second, by integrating analogies into explanations which incorporate other streams of evidence or bootstrapping an analogous model across many instantiations, we can overcome the problem of causal depth.
Retroactive Corporate Identity
Authors:   , Thompson Patrick
Published: November 2021

Corporate identity and corporate architecture are two vital parts of a corporation that co-exist to express goals and values. However, due to an unsynchronised relationship there is a lack of synergy between corporate identity and corporate architecture. A review of corporate identity history, strategies, tools and methods, and chronological interpretations of corporate architecture found that there is a lack of systematic approaches to translate and implement corporate identity to corporate architecture. Fisher & Paykel Appliances’ corporate identity was translated and implemented to 215 Lambton Quay, Wellington through a design case study. This translation and implementation to existing corporate architecture showed that a systematic approach to address lack of synergy was possible through the use of an architectural mission statement and five implementation techniques. Furthermore, translation and implementation shall be treated as a system and not a step-by-step approach, therefore allowing any further research to adapt to the context of the corporate identity and corporate architecture ensuring a synergetic relationship.
Further Reading: An Analysis of the Public Library and the Implications of Technological Innovation on Architecture
Authors:   , Gray Jimmy
Published: November 2021

The past two decades has seen an explosion of electronic media that has changed the way society is structured, and the way in which people interact with one-another. This technological change is forcing the library to question its functional role in society. Books are currently the predominant form of information and entertainment media represented. If this continues the library will struggle to assert its relevance in the future. This thesis analyses the public library, establishing an appropriate distinction between the formalities of the traditional library space and that suitable for a library in the information age. It acknowledges historical influence, and the library user’s role in establishing a truly public enterprise. It builds upon these influences through architectural analysis and experimentation to find one architectural design solution that re-establishes the public library typology. The outcome of this research identifies a strong future for the public library, but states that its physical and organisational form needs to be re-established. It finds that technology and architecture offer new opportunities useful for reinterpreting the typology. The thesis concludes that the implications of digital representation do not limit the public library to virtual space, but rather it can become a space that mediates the new emerging boundaries between digital and analogue by acknowledging the interaction between people.
Depositional History of Paleocene Sediments in the Offshore Canterbury Basin, New Zealand
Authors:   , Samuel Sanjay Paul
Published: November 2021

The Paleocene interval within the Canterbury Basin has been relatively understudied with respect to the Neogene and Cretaceous intervals. Within the Paleocene interval is the Tartan Formation and the Charteris Bay Sandstone, which are potential source and reservoir rocks respectively. These two formations have not been previously mapped in the offshore Canterbury Basin and their limits have not been defined. This study utilises a database of nearly 12,000km of 2D seismic data together with data from four open–file wells and sidewall core samples from three wells and newly availiable biostratigraphic information to better constrain the chronostratigraphical interpretation of seismic data. Seismic mapping together with corroboration from well correlation and core lithofacies analysis revealed new insights into the development of the offshore Canterbury Basin through the Paleocene. These include the delineation of the lateral extents and thicknesses of the Tartan Formation and Charteris Bay Sandstone and location of the palaeo shelf–slope break and also the development of a new well correlation panel that incorporates the Tartan Formation for the first time.  This study presents four new paleogeographic maps for the offshore Canterbury Basin that significantly improves our understanding of the development of the basin during the Paleocene. These maps show that during the Earliest Paleocene, the mudstones of the Katiki Formation were being deposited in the south of the study area, with the siltier sediments of the Conway Formation being deposited in the north. The coarser grained Charteris Bay Sandstone was deposited from Early to possibly Middle Paleocene in the northeast. The mudstones of the Moeraki Formation were being deposited in the south at this time. From Middle to Late Paleocene, the mudstones of the Moeraki Formation were deposited in the south and these mudstones onlapped against the Charteris Bay Sandstone which remained as a high in the north. The Tartan Formation was deposited during the Late Paleocene in the central and southern areas of the offshore Canterbury Basin, during a relative fall in sea–level. Deposition had ceased in the north of the study area or erosion possibly removed Late Paleocene sediments from there. During the Latest Paleocene, the mudstones of the Moeraki Formation were deposited over the Tartan Formation in the central and southern parts of the offshore Canterbury Basin with the northern area undergoing erosion, sediment bypass or both.
Participation, Power and Practice in Development: A Case Study of Theoretical Doctrines and International Agency Practice in Tuvalu
Authors:   , Wrighton Nicki
Published: November 2021

This research examines the conventions and understandings of ‘good’ development practice surrounding consultation, participation and their relationship to aid effectiveness and absorptive capacity in the context of a small island developing country, Tuvalu. The study will identify contemporary development intervention patterns in Tuvalu and will explore tensions emerging within the Tuvalu  Government as it services the needs of its population as a sovereign nation while also servicing the needs of a multiplicity of development partners.
How Does Teacher Professional Development Support and Improve Technology Teacher Practice?
Authors:   , Granshaw Bruce
Published: November 2021

The development and implementation of the New Zealand Curriculum in 2007 and the introduction of standards-based assessment, in the form of achievement standards, has necessitated a raft of changes for technology teachers. Professional development is widely considered to be of value in developing teacher knowledge which can positively impact on student knowledge and achievement. While there is a considerable body of research on professional development, there is a limited amount specific to technology education professional development in a New Zealand context. This thesis is based on an examination of the nature and characteristics of effective professional development for technology teachers. It used a qualitative, interpretive design and gathered data by interviewing a group of ten technology teachers and heads of technology departments from different schools in one region. The interview data were transcribed and sorted using inductive content analysis in order to categorise them and draw conclusions. The findings indicate that there is a wide range of characteristics which may be considered effective for technology teachers in this study, and foremost, the opportunity for teachers to work collaboratively in examining programmes, student work, resources and exemplars, such that teachers can build on their existing knowledge and skills, is most effective for them. The development of pedagogical content knowledge and subject content knowledge enabled the teachers to construct new understandings of teaching and student learning processes in technology education. The implications of this study are that facilitators, teachers, and others working within this curriculum area may be informed by its findings and as a result, professional development may be more effective in supporting teacher learning.
The Heart of Rural New Zealand
Authors:   , Fraser Emma
Published: November 2021

New Zealand rural farming communities are the milieu of the agriculture sector. Despite New Zealand’s heavy economic reliance on agriculture, little is known about the architecture for cultivating community in the rural context. Overall, literature on rural communities reviewed for this thesis presented little direct information concerning community and architecture in the rural context. This study is an investigation of how architecture in the New Zealand rural context can cultivate a greater sense of community through the empirical research of existing rural communities. The sociological and architectural theories of community, as a generalised term in the literature, are analysed as determinants for community in the rural context of Northland, New Zealand through empirical research. The three theories of deprivation, density and development, as well as social interaction opportunities were externally applied to the sample Northland communities of Titoki, Maungatapere and Maungakaramea. Interviews with 18 community members as to their community perception authenticate the variation depicted in the external determinants. Empirical research into the theory of community acceptance analysed the vernacular for rural agricultural and rural community hall architecture. The findings from the empirical research informed the criteria for a case study design in Titoki. The resulting architectural application of these principles from the sociological and architectural theories is a uniquely agricultural rural community building to fulfil the Titoki agricultural community’s needs. This research applies commonly regarded sociological and architectural theories of community to the sample rural context to investigate what and how architecture can enable community. The findings from the sample suggest these theories are determinants for community cultivation in the rural context where architecture is a vehicle for building community. A socially healthy community prospers and is therefore more likely to be economically successful.
Exploring Intermediate School Aged Children's Perceptions with Regards to Their Experiences of Their Physical Education Classes
Authors:   , Esterhuizen Michelle
Published: November 2021

The benefits of students participating in good quality physical education (PE) classes within their schools can impact other areas of their lives. The quantity of PE classes available to students, the level of choice, the range of activities and PE pedagogical practices need to be considered in order to maximise student participation and enjoyment levels in PE. The overall aim of this thesis was to determine what perceptions and experiences intermediate aged children have of their physical education classes. The objectives were concerned with the quantity of physical education classes that the students received, the level of choice the students had regarding the types of activities they participated in during PE, whether the students were aware of the possible association between physical fitness and their academic performance and whether the students felt they had an extensive variety of activities available to participate in during their physical education classes. This research utilised a survey based methodology, employing the use of a questionnaire that was completed by a total of 336 children, aged between 11 and 13 years from one Waikato Intermediate School. The findings suggested that the students were generally satisfied with the quality of their PE classes, but they recommended that some adjustments are made to their physical education curriculum and pedagogical practices. Some of these changes, included having PE more regularly, having more choice regarding the types of activities they take part in during PE, and having more diverse types of physical activities. A trend that emerged at the data analysis stage was the number of students, (both boys and girls), who were only interested in continuing on with participation in PE when they get older out of the fear of becoming fat. This issue and some of its consequences are discussed in more detail. Recommendations are made about PE and for further research. The nature and scope of this case study should be seen as a stepping stone for future research into this area of interest, particularly focussing on the experiences and perceptions of the students themselves.
In the Wake of Change: An Urban Design Response to Rising Sea Levels in Wellington City
Authors:   , Oakley Emily
Published: November 2021

This thesis focuses on possible urban design responses to a worst-case scenario for sea level change: a rise of one metre by the year 2100. Wellington City is comparable to many coastal cities around the world; much of the city sits on lowlying reclaimed land. A rise in sea level of one metre could result in extensive damage to buildings and infrastructure. Scientists predict that seas will rise somewhere between 0.18m and 1.2m by the end of the century. New Zealand’s Ministry for the Environment advises local bodies to plan for a rise in sea level of at least 0.8m by the year 2090. Wellington City Council has begun to research the possible effects of sea level rise on the city but has not yet seriously considered design options in response to this. The uncertainties regarding the extent of sea level rise mean its impact on Wellington City could be minimal (0.5 m rise) or extensive (1.5m rise). Dykes, sea walls and levees have been constructed for centuries to protect local populations. These can be detrimental to urban quality, and can impede the connections between cities and their waterfronts. Up until now, their effects on overall urban design have rarely been considered. Urban designs adopted internationally for flood defence were reviewed with regard to Wellington City’s needs. A mapping study of three possible scenarios (0.5m, 1.0m, 1.5m) for sea level change in Wellington City has been made, including assessment with respect to urban design principles. This thesis concludes by offering a realistic response to the one metre scenario. Three sections of the city are developed further to demonstrate how a unified response could be developed throughout the city. The chosen response to the problem of sea level rise in Wellington City seeks to preserve sense of place while introducing new urban design concepts. The chosen design uses a sea wall to protect the existing city against a one-metre rise in sea level, and creates an amphibious zone on its seaward side. The sea wall sits inside the city rather than around it. As well as forming a boundary, it is a public structure offering visual connections between city and sea, and maintaining the essential character of the waterfront. The amphibious zone is designed to withstand flooding during storms and high sea surges. Design in this zone includes new building processes that adapt with sea level changes.
Evangelical Responses to the Question of Religious Pluralism
Authors:   , Worsfold Cecily May
Published: November 2021

The relatively recent rise of religious pluralism has significantly affected the evangelical movement, the roots of which are traceable to the sixteenth century Reformation. In particular, the theological implications of religious pluralism have led to debate concerning the nature of core beliefs of evangelicalism and how these should be interpreted in the contemporary world. While evangelicals continue to articulate a genuine undergirding desire to “honour the authority of Scripture”, differing frameworks and ideals have led to a certain level of fracturing between schools of evangelical thought. This research focuses on the work of three evangelical theologians – Harold Netland, John Sanders and Clark Pinnock – and their responses to the question of religious pluralism. In assessing the ideas put forward in their major work relevant to religious pluralism this thesis reveals something of the contestation and diversity within the evangelical tradition. The authors' respective theological opinions demonstrate that there is basic agreement on some doctrines. Others are being revisited, however, in the search for answers to the tension between two notions that evangelicals commonly affirm: the eternal destiny of the unevangelised; and the will of God that all humankind should obtain salvation. Evangelicals are deeply divided on this matter, and the problem of containing seemingly incompatible views within the confines of “evangelical belief” remains. This ongoing division highlights the difficulty of defining evangelicalism in purely theological terms.
Rehabilitative Architecture: Inflluences on Bodily Injury
Authors:   , Roselli Ryan
Published: November 2021

New Zealand has elite athletes of a very high level ranging from world champions in athletics, rowing, and cycling to highly competitive rugby, football, and netball teams. Physical injury is a common threat within all sports and it is found that New Zealand does not provide an adequate rehabilitation facility to deal with such bodily injury. In this context, this research proposes to test the idea that architecture may positively influence the recovery from injury. This research explores the psychology of healing and the notion of control over environment. Furthermore, the rehabilitation of building will be examined to discover the positive links between body and building in the domain of healing environments. Alternative healing facilities will be studied in contrast to traditional health providers. Design will play a major role, testing theoretical and observational outcomes. The intimate relationship between the body and its environment will be considered as an essential element in the definition of rehabilitative architecture.
Stabilisation of Natural Colourants and Lignocellulosic Textiles
Authors:   , Tang Ying
Published: November 2021

The lignocellulosic fibres extracted from the leaves of New Zealand flax, Phormium tenax, have been used as the principal textile fibre by Maori since pre- European times. Variations of antifungal activity were observed in Phormium fibres of different cultivars. The most resistant cultivars of P. tenax in an aqueous antifungal assay also possessed the greatest variety of naturally-occurring 7-hydroxycoumarins as identified by mass spectroscopy, ESI-MS. In addition to antifungal effects, coumarins function as fluorescent whitening agents in Phormium fibres and play a role in the fibre’s photodegradation. Ultraviolet irradiation (350 – 400 nm) of the fibre resulted in a substantial loss of the blue fluorescence originating from a number of 7-hydroxycoumarins present, together with the formation of new fluorophores absorbing and emitting at longer wavelengths, which contribute to the photoyellowing of the fibre. The photolysis of two standard 7-hydroxycoumarins in aqueous solution was examined and two primary photoproducts were elucidated by ESI-MS: a photodimer containing a linking cyclobutane ring and a monomeric photooxidation product. The formation of at least some of the photoproducts is associated with the coumarin-sensitised generation of reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. The fluorescence properties and photodegradation of Chinese handmade papers were also investigated. Papers manufactured by traditional methods were found to be more photostable than that produced from chemically-facilitated techniques.
Machine Actuated Craft
Authors:   , Murdoch Jonathan William
Published: November 2021

Throughout history the use of scale representations has been important in the process of creating architecture. In recent times the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) has significantly altered traditional methods of conceptual design representation, mainly through a shift from the physical to the virtual. The aim of the research is to explore the relationship between computer aided manufacturing (CAM) and the methods for extracting and producing qualities of a conceptual nature from computer and numerically controlled (CNC) machine, and how this could advance conceptual creativity formulating in buildable form. The qualities that are inherently produced by CNC machining processes are then captured back into the three-dimensional environment (CAD), and then re-exported via CNC machining. The information that flows from the digital to the physical and then back again, creates new physical qualities that would not normally be produced, and allows for further investigation. Through the misrepresentation and reinterpretation of machine processes in this research, the output produces an object of an abstract nature created through identifying extraordinary expressions of tool paths. This 1:1 abstract object expresses qualities of craft produced by the CNC machine and creates a new form of craft that can be compared to the expression of the traditional craftsman and their trade. This simple movement between scales and formats begins to generate new design processes that in turn translate the conceptual expression of the object into a buildable form. On final completion of the object this project has proven that CAM conceptual creativity can be translated and formulated into built form. A key observation of this research is that identifying CAM production techniques can produce abstract representation through a new means of design representation.
The Place of Psychiatric Rehabilitation in New Zealand Communities
Authors:   , Geuze Stephen James
Published: November 2021

Supported Residential Care Facilities (SRCF's) play a distinctive role in the integration of mental health consumers within host communities. Despite the vast quantity of research on the sociological impacts of discrimination against mental health consumers, such as societal and self stigmatisation, little to no research is conducted on the effects that the built environment have upon mental health consumers in SRCF's in New Zealand post deinstitutionalisation. This study examines the 23 existing SRCF's within the Wellington region, examining their socioeconomic context, city planning context, physical environment context and the built typology of these facilities. Each of these research subjects are examined to identify and understand the implications they have on the integration of mental health consumers within their host communities at three scales; host community, location and facility design. The findings and insight drawn from sociological literature and empirical research are summarised within the design guideline and tested through a design based case study. The conclusions of this research can be summarised as follows:  1. It is desirable for host communities to be socioeconomically diverse with an appropriate level of public and mental health amenities 2. It is advantageous for SRCF's to be located within the 'inner edge context,' promoting a diverse urban context, socioeconomic context, diverse planning context and safe pedestrian access to public amenities. 3.The facility design of SRCF's should promote a 'recovery oriented practice,' achieved partially through context specific 'integration programs'. The majority of SRCF's within the research sample are located within residential suburbs. This research identifies that SRCF's and facilities alike must be located within the 'inner edge context'. The findings are of particular usefulness to Wellington's SRCF's yet are also helpful in understanding and improving the built environment of SRCF's within New Zealand communities.
Self-Organizing Agile Teams: A Grounded Theory
Authors:   , Hoda Rashina
Published: November 2021

Self-organizing teams are a hallmark of Agile software development, directly a ecting team e ectiveness and project success. Agile software development, and in particular the Scrum method, emphasizes self-organizing teams but does not provide clear guidelines on how teams should become and remain self-organizing. Based on Grounded Theory research involving 58 Agile prac- titioners from 23 di erent software organizations in New Zealand and In- dia, this thesis presents a grounded theory of self-organizing Agile teams. The theory of self-organizing Agile teams explains how software development teams take on informal, implicit, transient, and spontaneous roles and per- form balanced practices while facing critical environmental factors, in order to become self-organizing. The roles are: Mentor, Co-ordinator, Translator, Champion, Promoter, and Terminator. The practices involve balancing free- dom and responsibility, cross-functionality and specialization, and continuous learning and iteration pressure. The factors are senior management support and level of customer involvement. This thesis will help teams and their coaches better understand their roles and responsibilities as a self-organizing Agile team. This thesis will also serve to educate senior management and customers about the importance of supporting these teams
Identity Displacement: Architecture, Migration & the Islamic Woman
Authors:   , Gordon Rebecca Claire
Published: November 2021

Architecture can be regarded as both a product of culture and a medium that can influence change in contemporary society. Within the context of the Islamic woman refugee, architecture becomes intrinsically associated with the concept of socio-cultural sustainability because her cultural identity is challenged through the process of migration. Socio-cultural sustainability within the migrant context is concerned with maintaining cultural identity while allowing for transformation associated with the migration process. Furthermore, it aims to limit negative conflicts between ethnic groups that are often associated with misperceptions based on a lack of understanding. This thesis aims to further understand the role that architecture could play in the socio-cultural sustainability of Islamic women refugees living in Wellington. These women are often forced to make significant cultural changes through their migration process, and are faced with the question of which parts of their identity they maintain and which parts they adapt to the local culture. Traditional Islamic gender roles are challenged through the process of migration; where the Islamic woman, who was traditionally found within the home, is now becoming part of the professional workforce. The contrasting Western and Islamic perceptions of the veil identify that there are large gaps in the understanding of the other.  Both the house and the mosque are two architectural typologies that play a significant part in the lives of Islamic women refugees, and therefore the design case study is divided into 2 parts. Housing New Zealand Corporation (HNZC), who is responsible for housing recently-arrived refugees, commonly place refugee migrants in state properties. These are unresponsive to the socio-cultural needs of most refugee migrants as they are generally designed for the New Zealand culture. Due to the limitations imposed on and by HNZC and the refugee housing process, the most feasible solution to this problem for the Islamic woman refugee is to provide Housing Design Guidelines for Islamic Women. They focus specifically on their socio-cultural needs and could be used in housing renovations and redevelopments by HNZC. The second and larger part of the design case studies concentrates on the redevelopment of the Kilbirnie Mosque in Wellington, which acts as an architectural symbol of Islamic identity. Unlike the house, it supports the wider concept of socio-cultural sustainability, which includes challenging the frequently negative perceptions towards the Islamic community. This is essential in fostering positive relationships between the migrant and the host community, which can significantly influence the re-settlement process of refugees. Traditional Islamic architecture is therefore critiqued in the design, through the concept of the veil and the contemporary position of the Islamic woman, in order to re-negotiate traditional perceptions.
Maintaining Matroid 3-Connectivity With Respect to a Fixed Basis
Authors:   , Williams Alan
Published: November 2021

We show that for any 3-connected matroid M on a ground set of at least four elements such that M does not contain any 4-element fans, and any basis B of M, there exists a set K [is a subset of] E(M) of four distinct elements such that for all k [is an element of the set] K, si(M=k) is 3-connected whenever k [is an element of the set] B, and co(M\k) is 3-connected whenever k [is an element of the set] E(M) - B. Moreover, we show that if no other elements of E(M) - K satisfy this property, then M necessarily has path-width 3.
Learning Communities in the City: Social Constructivism, Spaces and Connections in the New Urban Primary School
Authors:   , Silverwood James
Published: November 2021

The main intention of the research is to develop a model for an inner city primary school building which is responsive to the urban context and reflects the educational theory of Social Constructivism. The underlying demand for an inner city primary school was identified as a result of a recent demographic shift which involves more families living in the centres of New Zealand’s cities. Schools are an important part of a city’s infrastructure, where quality schools can help to develop quality cities. There should be a close fit between current educational theory and contemporary school design. Social Constructivism views learning as the construction of knowledge through social interaction with peers, adults and the environment. The design case study proposes a vertical school that is capable of supporting strong links with the community through developing a ‘public living room’ alongside retail outlets. While the vertical nature of the school limits some contact it is possible to develop a ‘learning street’ and other meeting places within the school. The plan also provides flexible classroom spaces and workrooms to meet curriculum objectives. A variety of indoor and outdoor spaces can be provided but it is proposed that the children also access the city’s public open spaces and amenities. The city can be viewed as an extended classroom, as suggested in Strickland’s ‘City of Learning’ model. The site for the proposed school was selected to ensure easy access to amenities and resources. Overall the research suggests an inner-city primary school building is possible and even desirable for those living and working in the city.
Making the Transition to Insulin Therapy: The Experiences of Samoan People with Type 2 Diabetes in New Zealand
Authors:   , Tapu-Ta'ala Sera
Published: November 2021

Background Pacific people are dying younger compared to other New Zealanders because of complications resulting from uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Good diabetes control is achievable with early use of insulin because of its effectiveness, and proven long term benefits to quality of life. An understanding of how Samoan people with type 2 diabetes make their transition to insulin therapy will assist in understanding how insulin is perceived, which will inform health care professionals in their work with those diagnosed with diabetes. Aim of Research The aim of the research is to explore and describe how Samoan people with type 2 diabetes in New Zealand made the transition to insulin therapy for better glycaemic control. Design The Fonofale Model was used as the theoretical framework, from which to understand Samoan peoples' experiences. This research used a qualitative descriptive methodology. In-depth interviews were used to gather the stories of four Samoan participants over the age of 18 years diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. Findings Three major themes emerged from the analysis of the participants' stories. These were: living with diabetes, making the transition to insulin therapy and realisation. The findings led to the creation of the Ia Malu model, which describes the experiences of the participants in this study. Conclusion This study confirmed that there are immense challenges and struggles encountered by people with diabetes. Their adjustment to the illness as well as making the transition to using insulin takes time. As a result of this, it is fundamental for nurses/health care professionals to understand that this is the reality for these people, and they must therefore provide time for people to adjust.