bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ABNORMAL PROTEOLYSIS IN SICK NEWBORNS
Authors: HENRIKSSON PER , EKELUND HANS
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Henriksson, P. and Ekelund, H. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Lund, Allmänna Sjukhuset, Malmö, Sweden). Abnormal proteolysis in sick newborns. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:327, 1975–87 newborn infants were studied on their first day of life for defects in the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. The infants were divided into two diagnostic groups, one with IRDS, the other with mixed neonatal disorders. Factor V, fibrinogen and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) were abnormal more often than any of the other factors examined. The presence or absence of “multiple defects” appeared to depend on the severity of the illness and its ultimate course. Thus 28% of the surviving infants or 85% of those who died had “multiple defects”. The pattern of abnormalities did not differ between the infants with IRDS and those with mixed disorders. The “multiple defects” are ascribed to the following mechanisms: (1) impaired synthesis due to vitamin K deficiency and/or liver damage, (2) abnormal proteolytic activity stimulated by tissue damage and causing (a) an activation of the coagulation process (b) activation of the fibrinolytic system, or (c) of both the coagulation and the fibrinolytic systems. Differentiation between these pathways to defective haemostasis are important when deciding upon therapeutic measures in addition to the basic treatment.
INFANTILE GENETIC AGRANULOCYTOSIS
Authors: KOSTMANN ROLF
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Kostmann, R. R. O. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). Infantile genetic agranulocytosis. Acta Paediatr Stand, 64:362, 1975.–A review of the literature on the subject since 1956 is made in connection with a presentation of ten new cases from northern Sweden. Nine of these are related to the main pedigree published in 1956. Consanguinity between the parents has been established in two of the new families. The clinical course was identical to that described in 1956. A few additional details are presented. The granulocytopenia is present on the first day of life and the granulocyte count subsequently rapidly decreases during the first week. The existence of a diaplacental factor is regarded highly probable. It is assumed that the maturation defect in the granulocyte precursors may be due to deficiency of a serum factor. The fact that many cases of infantile genetic agranulocytosis occur sporadically is finally explained.
RENAL VEIN THROMBOSIS IN NEONATES
Authors: HALVORSEN JAN F. , MOE PETER JOHAN
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Hajvorsen, J. F. and Moe, P. J. (Department of General Surgery and Department of Paediatrics, Haukeland sykehus, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway). Renal vein thrombosis in neonates. Report of 3 cases treated with nephrectomy. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:373, 1975.–Three neonates with unilateral renal vein thrombosis successfully treated with nephrectomy are reported. One of them also received Heparin therapy before and after surgery because of evidence of consumptive coagulopathy. All were well at follow‐up.
UTILIZATION OF FAT EMULSION DURING TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION IN CHILDREN
Authors: FORGET P. P. , FERNANDES J. , BEGEMANN P. HAVERKAMP
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Forget, P., Fernandes, J. and Haverkamp Begemann, P. (Department of Paediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital and Neonatal Unit, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands). Utilization of fat emulsion during total parenteral nutrition in children. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64: 377, 1975.–Tolerance for Intralipid fat emulsion during total parenteral nutrition (PN) was studied in 6 children. The Intralipid dose was monitored by the daily determination of plasma Intralipid levels. Fat removal was investigated at the start of and during the PN period by the intravenous fat tolerance test (IVFTT) and by determining the plasma postheparin lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. When the plasma Intralipid levels exceeded a value of 100 mg/100 ml, hyper pre‐βT lipoproteinaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercholesterolemia and hyperphospholipidaemia appeared. During PN most patients showed marked increases of postheparin LPL. Return to normal values occurred after discontinuation of PN. Maximal LPL activities were found to correlate significantly with total daily caloric intake (r=0·95, 0.05<p<0·01). The Intralipid elimination constant hardly changed during PN, with the exception of patient 6, who showed a marked increase (from 7 to 22 %). Conclusions of this study are as follows: First a high caloric intake during PN leads to a marked increase of postheparin LPL activity. Second, by monitoring plasma Intralipid levels at 100 mg/100 ml approximately, it is possible to adjust the Intralipid dose in order to prevent hyperlipaemia and to take maximal benefit from rising fat tolerance. Thirdly the IVFTT appeared to be of little value to estimate the child's fat elimination capacity.
DEVELOPMENT OF RENAL CONTROL OF SALT AND FLUID HOMEOSTASIS DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE
Authors: APERIA A. , BROBERGER O. , THODENIUS K. , ZETTERSTROM R.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Aperia, A., Broberger, O., Thodenius, K. and Zetterstrom, R. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, St Goran's Hospital for Children, Stockholm, Sweden). Development of renal control of salt and fluid homeostasis during the first year of life. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:393, 1975.–This study describes the development of renal control of salt and water homeostasis. Twenty‐three infants aged 3 weeks to 13 months were studied with respect to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using single injection technique, ability to excrete an oral salt load, ability to excrete water, and diluting capacity. GFR developed exponentially, salt excretion linearly, water excretion was unchanged and diluting capacity actually decreased. A hypothesis is presented for the theoretical basis of this functional development taking into account the interdependence of the functional parameters studied. This theory might well explain the high incidence of hypernatremic dehydration in infants.
POSTIRRADIATION SYNDROME AND EEG FINDINGS IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA
Authors: GARWICZ S. , ARONSON A. S. , ELMQVIST D. , LANDBERG T.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Garwicz, S., Aronson, A. S., Elmqvist, D. and Landberg, T. (Departments of Paediatrics, Clinical Neurophysiology, Radiotherapy, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden). Postirradiation syndrome and EEG findings in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:399, 1975.–Out of 12 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated with craniospinal irradiation during primary haematologic remission, 8 developed a postirradiation syndrome characterized by fever and tiredness. The symptoms lasted 1–2 weeks and subsided spontaneously. Longitudinal EEG studies revealed no acute disturbances during the irradiation therapy but in all cases studied, moderate to severe diffuse general slowing developed during the postirradiation syndrome. Complete normalization of the EEG occurred in all children at follow‐up. It is concluded that the described EEG abnormalities constitute an integral part of the postirradiation syndrome.
SERUM LEVELS OF PENICILLIN V AFTER ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF PEDIATRIC PREPARATIONS TO HEALTHY SUBJECTS
Authors: JR. H. ROLLAG , MIDTVEDT T. , WETTERHUS S.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Rollag jr, H., Midtvedt, T. and Wetterhus, S. (Kaptein W. Wilhelmsen og Frues Bakteriologiske Institutt, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, and the Medical Department, Central Hospital of Akershus, Lørenskog, Norway). Serum levels of penicillin V after oral administration of pediatric preparations to healthy subjects. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:421, 1975.–The bioavailability of nine commercial pediatric preparations of penicillin V was tested in a double‐blind, cross‐over fashion on ten healthy student nurses who were given 1 mill I.C of the various preparations. The serum concentrations were determined using the paper disc method of “AB Biodisc” Sweden. The preparations could be divided into two different groups: (1) the mixtures (2) the effervescent tablets, substance for drops and granulate. This classification is based upon the mean peak serum levels obtained. With one exception the peak serum levels in group 2 were significantly higher than in group 1. 2, 4 and 6 hours after ingestion there were no differences in the serum levels, indicating that none of the preparations gave sustained high serum levels. The results presented indicate that the preparations in group 2 should be preferred.
ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA IN SCHOOLGIRLS
Authors: UNDBERG U. , BJURE J. , HAUGSTVEDT S. , JODAL U.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Lindberg, U., Bjure, J., Haugstvedt, S. and Jodal, U. (Departments of Paediatrics, Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Clinical Physiology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden). Asymptomatic bacteriuria in schoolgirls. III. Relation between residual urine volume and recurrence. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:437, 1975.–Residual urine volume (RUV) has been measured in 70schoolgirls with asymptomatic bacteriuria using 1311‐hippuran. The mean volume of residual urine was 23·7 ml. More than 5 ml RUV, the highest value found in 14 girls without bacteriuria or a history of urinary tract infection, was found in 47 % of the patients. The mean volume for residual urine in the control girls was 1·1 ml. Among the 44 girls cured for their bacteriuria by a bladder wash out test or antibiotic treatment, recurrence was significantly more common (p<0·001) in those with >5 ml in RUV (15/20, 75 %) than in those with 5 ml (4/24, 17 %). In 5 of 22 patients not treated, the bacteriuria disappeared spontaneously during a one year observation period. The RUV was <3 ml in 4 of these 5 girls. While the presence of residual urine per se may not be the primary event leading to bacteriuria, it may increase the risk of recurrences, by facilitating bacterial growth and impairing the wash out of bacteria from the bladder on micturition.
PLASMA TOCOPHEROL IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN
Authors: McWHIRTER W. R.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: McWhirter, W. R. (Dept. of Child Health, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, Scotland). Plasma tocopherol in infants and children. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:446, 1975.–A study has been made of plasma tocopherol concentrations in normal children and in children with intestinal abnormalities. A positive correlation between plasma tocopherol and age is shown between the ages of 4 months and 10 years. Most patients with cystic fibrosis or coeliac disease were found to have markedly reduced plasma tocopherol concentrations in comparison with the normal children of similar age.
COAGULATION CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGH HAEMATOCRIT IN THE NEWBORN INFANT
Authors: RIVERS R. P. A.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Rivers, R. P. A. (Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Haematology, University College Hospital Medical School, London W.C.I, England). Coagulation Changes Associated with a High Haematocrit in the Newborn Infant. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:449, 1975.–Sequential blood coagulation studies were performed on samples from three newborn infants with venous haematocrit values of over 65%. Combinations of thrombocytopaenia, circulating fibrin monomer and evidence of intravascular thromboplastic activity were found. Reduction of the haematocrit value by partial exchange transfusion in each infant was followed by improvement of the abnormal coagulation findings. Some possible mechanisms for the origin of the coagulation abnormalities are considered.
CARBOHYDRATE INTOLERANCE IN INFANTS WITH ACUTE DIARRHOEA AND ITS COMPLICATIONS
Authors: CHANDRASEKARAN R. , KUMAR V. , WALIA B. N. S. , MOORTHY B.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Chandrasekaran, R., Kumar, V., Walia, B. N. S. and Moorthy, B. (Department of Paediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India). Carbohydrate intolerance in infants with acute diarrhoea and its complications. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:483, 1975.–Two hundred and seventy‐one infants with acute diarrhoea were studied for the presence of carbohydrate malabsorption and 110 infants (40·6 %) were found to have carbohydrate intolerance. Malnutrition and severe diarrhoea were found to increase the predisposition to carbohydrate intolerance. The incidence of major complications, protracted diarrhoea and mortality were significantly higher in the carbohydrate intolerant infants as compared to those with carbohydrate tolerance.
PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF PHENOBARBITAL IN THE TREATMENT OF SEIZURES IN NEWBORNS
Authors: JALLING BIRGITTA
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Jailing, B. (Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Plasma concentrations of phenobarbital in the treatment of seizures in newborns. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:514, 1975.–The plasma concentration of phenobarbital given as anticonvulsive treatment in the newborn period has been followed in 18 infants. With constant daily doses, the drug accumulated for at least 5 days. After intramuscular injection of a single dose, 90 % of the peak concentration was reached within 4 hours in 8 of the 10 infants. The peak concentration (in µg/ml) approximately equalled 1.3 × the dose (in mg/kg). Absorption after oral administration was less reliable. In 12 of the infants the clinical course allowed attempts to evaluate the anticonvulsive effect of phenobarbital. In 4 cases the convulsions continued. In those 8 infants where phenobarbital seemed to be effective, the approximate range of phenobarbital concentration when convulsions ceased was 12–30 µg/ml. Phenobarbital half‐life ranged between 59 and 182 hours. In some infants the rate of phenobarbital disappearance from the plasma varied considerably from day‐to day. The pathological conditions causing seizures probably influence the distribution, metabolism and excretion of the drug. For the often seriously ill infants with convulsions it is therefore difficult to construct rational maintenance dose schedules, and optimal dosage must be based on repeated determinations of the plasma concentration.
HOSPITAL CROSS‐INFECTION ON CHILDREN'S WARDS WITH RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS AND THE ROLE OF ADULT CARRIAGE
Authors: SIMS D. G. , DOWNHAM M. A. P. S. , WEBB J. K. G. , GARDNER P. S. , WEIGHTMAN DORIS
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Sims, D. G., Downham, M. A. P. S., Webb, J. K. G., Gardner, P. S. and Weightman, D. (Departments of Child Health and Virology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, and Department of Medical Statistics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England). Hospital cross‐infection in children's wards with respiratory syncytial virus and the role of adult carriage. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:541, 1975.–A further 18 children who acquired respiratory syncytial (R.S.) virus infection on general paediatric wards have been identified, bringing the total number of hospital cross‐infections by this virus to 46 for the last 3 annual R.S. virus epidemics on Tyneside. 25 of these 46 illnesses involved the lower respiratory tract. Carriage of R.S. virus by staff and visitors was studied on one ward, and appeared to be responsible for at least 2 and probably 4 of the 6 cross‐infections detected on this ward. Methods for controlling the transmission of virus by adults on children's wards are discussed.
INJURY OF THE SPINAL CORD AT BIRTH
Authors: LINDBERG U. , HAGBERG B. , OLSSON Y. , SOURANDER P.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Lbid berg, U., Hagberg, B., Olsson, Y. and Sourander, P. (Department of Paediatrics II and Institute of Pathology, University of Göteborg, and Institute of Pathology, University of Uppsala, Sweden), Injury of the spinal cord at birth. A report of two cases. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:546, 1975.–Spinal cord injury may occur as a severe complication to delivery. In the vast majority of such cases the injury results from a traumatic breech delivery, but cases of injuries after cephalic presentation and fetal malposition have also been described. Two cases are reported. One of the infants died at the age of 8 months and neuropathologies! examination of the brain and spinal cord was performed. The other child, now 6 years old, is still alive. Incidence, mechanism of injury, clinical and morphological features, and treatment are briefly discussed.
HEIGHT AND WEIGHT OF SCHOOL CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENT GIRLS AND BOYS IN OSLO 1970
Authors: BRUNDTLAND GRO H. , LIESTÖL KNUT , WALLÖE LARS
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Brundtland, G. H., Liestö1, K. and Wallöe, L. (Oslo City Health Department and Departments of Physics and Physiology, University of Oslo). Height and weight of school children and adolescent girls and boys in Oslo 1970. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:565, 1975.–Height and weight measurements of the school children of Oslo in 1970 (aged 7 to 19 years) are reported. Weights show considerably skewed distributions with long tails towards higher weights. Weight percentiles are calculated by interpolation in the empirical distributions. Percentiles and tables for both sexes, showing height for age, weight for height and weight for age, are presented. A comparison with existing Norwegian data from Sundal, 1956, Bergen shows that the application of statistics based on normal distribution for weight, has introduced considerable error in these percentiles. Oslo children in 1970 are taller by 5–6 cm at age eighteen, than USA (Iowa) standards and 4–5 cm taller compared to Tanner's English percentiles. Oslo children are also taller than Swedish children, and have reached a stature higher than found in any other comparable study.
NUTRITION, OVERNUTRITION, AND OBESITY IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE IN MALMÖ, SWEDEN
Authors: SVEGER T. , LINDBERG T. , WEIBULL B. , OLSSON U. L.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Sveger, T., Lindberg, T., Weibull, B. and Olsson, U. L. (Department of Paediatrics, Malmö General Hospital, Malmö, Sweden). Nutrition, overnutrition, and obesity in the first year of life in Malmo, Sweden. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:635, 1975___The feeding pattern, calorie intake, weight and height were studied at various ages during the first 12 months in 243 infants born in Sweden. The feeding pattern and calorie intake was close to that recommended. 0–6% in each age group were found to be obese (20–40% above the standard weight) and 15–23% overweight (10–20% above the standard weight). The mean calorie intake during the months before and when obesity and overweight were diagnosed exceeded the normal by 10% or less. When re‐examined at age 2±½ years, 50% of those children obese up to 1 year remained so, and only 2 earlier overweight had become obese. 25 % of the obese children had one obese parent, compared with 10% of the normal children and overweight ones. The low incidence of overnutrition and the low freqency of obese and overweight infants in this study compared with previous studies support the idea that high calorie intake is of importance in the development of obesity during infancy. Accordingly, overnutrition seems to be one factor, in the multifactorial aetiology of obesity, and reduction of overnutrition can reduce, but not abolish, infantile obesity. Whether the reduction of this will subsequently prevent adult obesity remains to be proved.
STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF ORALLY ADMINISTERED AGAR ON THE SERUM BILIRUBIN LEVEL OF PREMATURE INFANTS and MATURE NEWBORNS
Authors: Jr A. WINDORFER , KÜNZER W. , BOLZE H. , ASCHER K. , WILCKEN F. , HOEHNE K.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Windorfer, A. Jr, Kunzer, W., Bolze, H., Ascher, K., Wilcken, F. and Hoehne, K. (University Children's Hospital, Freiburg i. Brg., West Germany). Studies on the effect of orally administered agar on the serum bilirubin level of premature infants and mature newborns. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:699, 1975.–The effect of orally administered agar on the serum concentration of bilirubin was tested in 366 premature and newborn infants. For this purpose two different concentrations of agar were added to the milk for 8–10 days. On none of the groups tested did the serum level of bilirubin show a significant decrease after administration of agar. Therefore the attempt to lower the level of serum bilirubin in premature and newborn infants by inhibiting enteric reabsorption by means of adsorbents must be considered a failure.
VARIATIONS OF PROTEASE INHIBITORS IN FOETUSES, NEWBORN INFANTS and IN SOME NEONATAL DISORDERS
Authors: SVEGER T. , EKELUND H.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT:Sveger, T. and Ekelund, H. (Departments of Clinical Chemistry and of Paediatrics, Malmö General Hospital, Malmö, Sweden). Variations of protease inhibitors in foetuses, newborn infants and in some neonatal disorders. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:763, 1975.–Low levels of protease inhibitors have been found on the 1st day of life in IRDS infants. 19 IRDS infants were studied together with foetuses and control term and preterm infants. α1‐antitrypsin, antichymotrypsin and α2‐macroglobulin were measured with the electroim‐muno assay. IRDS infants had significantly reduced concentration of α1‐antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin on the 1st day, the level increasing to normal on the 2nd day. In foetuses α1‐antitrypsin was normal, antichymotrypsin 2% and α2‐macroglobulin 1/3 of the normal adult level. The protease inhibitors are increased in infants born after premature rupture of foetal membranes. The part, if any, played by protease inhibitors is not entirely understood. The inhibitors may, theoretically, be of some importance in the dissolution of the hyaline membranes, protect against pulmonary vasoconstriction, protect pulmonary tissue against leucocyte and macrophage proteolytic enzymes and inhibit the release of or counteract vasoactive substances that might take part in the development of shock in IRDS babies.
SURVIVAL AFTER MASSIVE PULMONARY HAEMORRHAGE IN THE NEONATAL PERIOD
Authors: THOMAS D. B.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Thomas, D. B. (Research Unit for the Newborn, Children's Medical Research Foundation, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, and The Women's Hospital, Crown Street, Sydney, Australia). Survival after massive pulmonary haemorrhage in the neonatal period. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64: 825, 1975.–4 babies with massive pulmonary haemorrhage were seen in an 18 month period. 2 had severe rhesus haemolytic disease, and the other 2 severe respiratory problems. There was evidence of a profound respiratory acidosis and hypoxia prior to the onset of the haemorrhage. 2 babies survived the episode and subsequently developed normally. Adequate ventilation and attendance to the treatment of blood coagulation disorders may have been a factor in their survival.
THE LONG‐TERM EFFECTS OF PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION IN EARLY CHILDHOOD ON BONE AGE, BONE CORTICAL THICKNESS AND HEIGHT
Authors: BRIERS PETER J. , HOORWEG JAN , STANFIELD J. PAGET
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Briers, P. J., Hoorweg, J. C. and Stanfield, J. P. (Royal Infirmary, Gloucester, Great Britain; Africa Study Centre, Netherlands; Social Paediatric and Obstetric Research Unit, Glasgow, Scotland). The long‐term effects of protein energy malnutrition in early childhood on bone age, bone cortical thickness and height. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64: 853, 1975.–Three groups of Ugandan children, 18 in each group, and one comparison group of 18 children were examined at 11–17 years of age. The three groups had previously been admitted for treatment of protein energy malnutrition between the ages of 8 to 15, 16 to 21 and 22 to 27 months respectively. The comparison group had not been clinically malnourished throughout the period up to 27 months of age. The children came from one tribe and from similar socio‐economic background, and were individually matched on age and sex. The bone age was estimated by hand wrist radiography scored for maturity by the Tanner & Whitehouse method. The metacarpal index, a ratio derived from the medullary width and full diameter of the mid‐point of the second metacarpal, was used as a measure of bone cortical thickness. The three malnourished groups are significantly shorter in height than the comparison group, but are not different in bone age and metacarpal index. No differences are observed between the three groups of children who had been admitted for protein energy malnutrition at different ages. The findings are discussed as they relate to the existing literature.
NEUROLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF 5‐YEAR‐OLD CHILDREN WITH LOW BIRTHWEIGHT
Authors: BJERRE INGRID
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Bjerre, I. (Department of Paediatrics, Malmo General Hospital, Malmo, Sweden). Neurological investigation of 5‐year‐old children with low birthweight. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64: 859, 1975.–139 children with a low birthweight (LBW), i.e. not more than 2500 g, were examined at 5 years of age in respect of their neurological status, with special reference to motor coordination according to Touwen & Prechtl. 5 (3.6%) children had cerebral palsy; 13 (9.4%), minimal brain dysfunction; 38 (27.3%), delayed motor maturation; and 83 (59.7%), normal motor development and normal neurological status. Impairment of hearing and of vision, epilepsy and mental retardation were more common in children with cerebral palsy and MBD, Children with MBD and delayed motor maturation had a lower IQ, as judged from the draw‐a‐mantest according to Goodenough than children with normal neurological status. Cerebral palsy was found in children with a very low birthweight and short gestational age. Other findings were equally distributed among groups classified by weight and duration of gestation.
VARICELLA FOLLOWED BY GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Authors: PEDERSEN F. KARUP , PETERSEN E. ANTONI
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Pedersen, F. K. and Petersen, E. A. (University Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Blegdamshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark). Varicella followed by glomerulonephritis. Treatment with corticosteroids and azathioprine resulting in recurrence of varicella. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64: 886, 1975–The present report outlines the clinical features of a 2‐year‐old boy who following varicella developed purpura of the lower extremities, transient gastrointestinal bleeding and glomerulonephritis. The triad of symptoms suggests Schönlein‐Henoch Syndrome, but coagulation studies and renal biopsy did not confirm this, and varicella is thought to be the cause of the complications. Therapy with corticosteroids and azathioprine had only a minor effect on the nephritis but caused depression of serum IgG and specific antibody resulting in reinfection or reactivation of varicella.
II. CARDIAC OUTPUT STUDIES IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN UNDERGOING RIGHT HEART CATHETERIZATION
Authors: WALLGREN C. GÖRAN , KRETZSCHMAR GÜNTER , ZETTERQVIST PER
Published: January 2008

Abstract: Cardiac output figures from 97 patients were computed by earpiece densitometry and correlated to various dimensional parameters. Stroke volume was better correlated to body dimensions than cardiac output indicating that patients undergoing right heart catheterization were not in basal state.
III. EVALUATION OF THE FORWARD TRIANGLE AREA IN DYE CURVES FROM INFANTS AND CHILDREN STUDIED BY EARPIECE DENSITOMETRY
Authors: WALLGREN C. GÖRAN
Published: January 2008

Abstract: One hundred and six dye curves recorded by earpiece densitometry in shunt‐free children were analysed with respect to the spatial relationships between the forward triangle and the area under the total primary dye curve. It is suggested that the relationship between these two areas, the forward triangle factor, should be 0.32 for studies in children with the use of dichromatic earpiece densitometry.
ALPORT'S SYNDROME
Authors: HALLBERG A.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Three families with hereditary nephritis of Alport's type have been studied with particular emphasis on the occurrence of symptoms and signs in different sexes and age groups. Part of the material was tested for impaired hearing or eye anomalies which may be the sole manifestation of Alport's syndrome. The youngest patients were 3–4 years of age, and the proportion of diseased individuals increased with age. In two of the families about half of the investigated males or females were affected whereas in the third family all but one of 16 investigated individuals were affected. In this last family the kidney disease was exceptionally severe, but no differences in the histopathology of the kidney lesions were seen between the families. In all the families renal symptoms progressed more rapidly in males than in females. Affected as well as unaffected sons and daughters were born to healthy as well as to diseased mothers. In contrast, healthy fathers produced only unaffected children. Diseased fathers produced only daughters, two‐thirds of whom were affected. It is concluded that Alport's syndrome in these three families most probably is transmitted by autosomal dominant inheritance with variations in expression and penetrance.
THE INTESTINAL MICROVILLUS Ultrastructural Variability in Coeliac Disease and Cow's Milk Intolerance
Authors: IANCU T. , ELIAN E.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. In 8 patients with coeliac disease, 2 patients with cow's milk intolerance and 10 patients with other gastrointestinal disturbances, intestinal biopsies were examined in order to compare the extent of alteration of surface vs. crypt microvilli (MV). In those diseases associated with the ingestion of a noxious agent, namely coeliac disease and cow's milk intolerance, a marked and abrupt difference between the severely damaged surface epithelium and its MV, and the preserved crypt epithelium was noted. The results of the examinations give reason to suppose that these morphological variations are caused by the higher gliadin or milk protein concentration over the avillous surface epithelium as opposed to the lower one in the elongated crypts.
PSYCHOMOTOR DEVELOPMENT AND SCHOOL‐ADJUSTMENT OF 7‐YEAR‐OLD CHILDREN WITH LOW BIRTHWEIGHT
Authors: BJERRE INGRID , HANSEN EVA
Published: January 2008

Abstract. 144 children with low birthweight (2 500 g, LBW) were studied at 7 years of age by questionnaires filled in by their parents and teachers. The children had attended school for at least 3 months at the beginning of the investigation. The teachers also filled in questionnaires regarding 144 sex‐and age‐matched children who served as controls. The questions included performance at school, motor function, and attitude to school‐mates and to adults. The distribution of the LBW‐children among different types of schools was compared with that of the general population. The intellectual level was estimated from Goodenough's Draw‐a‐man‐test. Seven LBW‐children attended special classes, and this was more than expected in the general population. On the average, the intellectual level of LBW‐children was lower than that of the controls. The difference was due mainly to children with a birthweight s2 000 g. Regarding motor function, the LBW‐children were not quite as capable as the controls. They got on less well with their school‐mates and were more anxious, shy and dependent. Many of the parents were overprotective. The differences between the LBW‐children and the controls were subtle. Neurological status at 5 years of age was not clearly related to school performance and school‐adjustment. Socioeconomic factors played no obvious role in this study.
ADMINISTRATION OF INTERFERON TO AN INFANT WITH CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME INVOLVING PERSISTENT VIREMIA AND CUTANEOUS VASCULITIS
Authors: LARSSON A. , FORSGREN M. , SEGERSTAD S. HÅRD AF , STRANDER H. , CANTELL K.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. At 7 months of age a boy suffering from congenital rubella syndrome developed a reticulated erythematous cutaneous eruption. The histopathological picture was that of a vasculitis. Rubella virus was isolated from lens tissue, throat secretion and skin biopsy in addition to urine and blood (whole blood, leukocytes as well as plasma). High levels of rubella neutralizing activity was simultaneously demonstrable in serum. The late onset cutaneous vasculitis was postulated to be related to the presence of circulating antigen‐antibody complexes. At 14 months of age a therapeutic trial with partially purified human interferon was made. The patient received 3 × 106 units of interferon daily for 2 weeks. During this period a marked regression of the cutaneous symptoms occurred and complete healing was obtained within two months. Furthermore, the viremia disappeared. However, excretion of rubella virus in the urine continued even at the age of 22 months and serum anti‐rubella IgM activity was present as an indication of the persistent viral infection. These results indicate that the mechanism underlying the persistence of the congenital rubella infection is not exclusively a defect in the endogenous interferon response.
A CASE OF METHYLMALONIC AND PROPIONIC ACIDEMIA DUE TO METHYLMALONYL‐CoA CARBONYLMUTASE APOENZYME DEFICIENCY
Authors: VAN DEN BERG H. , BOELKENS M. TH. E. , HOMMES F. A.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. A patient presenting with a deep metabolic acidosis after birth is described. Gas chromatographic analysis of short chain fatty acid and non volatile organic acids revealed the presence of both propionic and methylmalonic acid. In plasma obtained immediately after death the propionic‐and methylmalonic acid concentrations were measured after separation of both acids by thin layer chromatography. The propionic acid concentration was about 5 mM while the methylmalonic acid concentration was 2.6 mM. The methylmalonic acid concentration in urine was 6.8 mM. Propionyl‐CoA carboxylase activity measured in leucocytes and liver‐mitochondria revealed normal values (53 pmoles/min/mg protein and 6.5 nmoles/min/mg protein respectively). 2‐ 14C‐Methyl‐rnalonate oxydation in intact fibroblasts was totally blocked in the patient's cells. The methylmalonyl‐CoA carbonyl mutase activity was found to be absent in the patient's fibroblasts. Addition of vit. B12 coenzyme to the incubation mixture stimulated 14C‐succinate formation in the control cells but not in the patient's cells.
THE AETIOLOGY OF OBESITY IN CHILDREN A Study of 101 Twin Pairs
Authors: BÖRJESON M.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. The aetiology of obesity in children is studied here with the aid of a material consisting of 40 monozygotic and 61 dizygotic twins. The importance of heredity, early nutrition, and environment during preschool age is analysed. Genetic factors, studied by comparison of intra‐pair differences in monozygotic and dizygotic twins, apparently play a decisive role in the origin of obesity. Analysis of the relation between birth weight and later development of subcutaneous fat in different types of twins does not show that intra‐uterine nutrition is of aetiological importance. The comparison at age seven of groups of ordinary siblings and twins of different types does not support the idea that the pre‐school environment is of importance in aetiology. Such influence seems to act mainly as a modifying factor.
RESPIRATORY FUNCTION, CARDIOVASCULAR DIMENSIONS AND WORK CAPACITY IN BOYS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Authors: BEVEGÅRD S. , ERIKSSON B. O. , GRAFF‐LONNEVIG V. , KRAEPELIEN S. , SALTIN B.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Twenty boys with bronchial asthma, aged 8‐13 years, were studied with regard to the size of their respiratory and circulatory organs and to their exercise tolerance. The boys were divided into two groups (A and B) depending on the severity of their subjective symptoms. Normal values were found for TLC, VC and FRC in both groups, whereas the group with the most severe asthma had a slightly increased RV. In both groups THb, blood and heart volumes were normal. A quite normal relationship between these variables was observed as well as with work capacity (W170 and VO2 max) with no intergroup differences. Respiratory rate was lower and ventilation was increased in group B, both in submaximal and maximal exercise. Thus, tidal volume in maximal exercise exceeded 50 per cent of vital capacity in this group. These boys also had the highest blood lactate concentration at submaximal and maximal exercise. In half of the boys asthma‐like attacks were elicited by the exercise. The symptoms subsided without treatment shortly after work. The frequency and intensity of attacks were similar in the two groups.
DIETARY EFFECTS IN THE EARLY RECOVERY PHASE OF KWASHIORKOR Plasma levels of triglycerides, FFA, d‐β‐hydroxybutyrate, glycerol, postheparin lipoprotein lipase (LPL), glucose and insulin
Authors: PERSSON BENGT , HABTE DEMISSIE , STERKY GÖRAN
Published: January 2008

Abstract. The fatty liver often found in untreated kwashiorkor has been associated with highly variable concentrations of circulating lipids. The effect on lipid metabolism of two isocaloric diets—one synthetic monomolecular (Vivonex) and one standard (Casilan)—which both initiated satisfactory clinical improvement was studied in 21 Ethiopian children with kwashiorkor during the first weeks of rehabilitation. Before treatment mean fasting values of all biochemical parameters were within normal ranges except for moderately elevated triglycerides—an unexpected finding—and low insulin. Individual values varied greatly; triglyceride between 0.39 and 3.49 mmol/l. FFA correlated both to glycerol, d‐β‐hydroxybutyrate and triglyceride values. During treatment insulin, glucose and glycerol remained essentially unchanged and were similar in both dietary groups. In the Vivonex group only there was an initial marked, parallel fall of FFA and d‐β‐hydroxybutyrate suggesting greater availability of carbohydrate and enhanced glucose utilization. This pattern of response seemed to occur without comparable inhibition of lipolysis. Triglycerides—like serum albumin—increased faster in the Casilan group. The highest mean triglyceride value was reached by day 8 in the Casilan group and by day 15 in the Vivonex group. Ten minutes following heparin injection triglycerides declined, FFA and glycerol increased indicating release of in vivo active lipase. LPL activity assayed in vitro was similar and unaffected by 2 weeks of dietary treatment in both groups. LPL activity was inversely correlated to triglycerides providing—beside the type of diet—another possible explanation for the wide variations seen in circulatory triglycerides.
NEONATAL HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA A New Index of Antepartum‐Intrapartum Fetal Stress?
Authors: ANDERSEN G. E. , FRIIS‐HANSEN B.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. The 95th percentile value of cord serum triglyceride concentration in 82 consecutively live born infants was found to be 0.79 mmol/1. This level was arbitrarily used to define neonatal hypertriglyceridemia. A comparison between 78 normotriglyceridemic and 61 hypertriglyceridemic newborn infants showed a significant association between elevated cord serum triglyceride concentration and insufficiency of the placenta, fetal bradycardia, meconium‐stained amniotic fluid and one‐minute Apgar score ≤7. A significantly (p<0.001) greater number of infants with one or several of these four factors, indicating antepartum and/or intrapartum fetal stress were found to be hypertriglyceridemic at birth. This finding suggests that estimation of cord serum triglyceride which is easy and inexpensive might be of value for a more complete evaluation of the newborn infant, and can serve as a supplement to the Apgar Score system.
IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES IN CHILDREN BEFORE AND AFTER SPLENECTOMY
Authors: ANDERSEN VAGN , COHN JØRGEN , SØRENSEN SØREN FREIESLEBEN
Published: January 2008

Abstract.Fourteen children underwent splenectomy for congenital spherocytosis, splenomegaly, or thrombocytopenia. The patients were studied twice before the operation, three times during the first postoperative month, and one year later. A transitory rise in neutrophils and serum IgA was seen postoperatively; there was a modest but long‐lasting increase in lymphocytes and a marked elevation of eosinophils. An immediate decline in serum IgM concentration was observed only in patients with an uncomplicated postoperative course, but one year after splenectomy the average IgM concentration had decreased by 23 %. Thein vitrolymphocyte transformation response to a panel of mitogens and antigens fell in the immediate postoperative period but was largely normalized 10 days postoperatively, except in the youngest of the patients who had repeated infections following the splenectomy. One year postoperatively the transformation response and the number of T‐ and B‐lymphocytes in the blood were normal.
OUTCOME OF TWIN BIRTH Review of 1636 Children Born in Twin Birth
Authors: PETTERSSON F. , SMEDBY B. , LINDMARK G.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. During the five‐year period 1964–68 96733 births were registered in the 28 hospitals equipped with maternity facilities in the Uppsala hospital region. Of these babies, 1636 were born in 818 twin deliveries. Data on gestational age, sex, weight and length at birth, birth order, hospital type, congenital malformations and perinatal mortality are analysed. Altogether 17.3 per 1000 of the children born during this period were born in multiple births. The perinatal mortality for the twin babies was 64 per 1000 born, with the mortality higher in the less specialized hospitals than the others. Twin no. 1 suffered perinatal death in 67 cases per 1000 and twin no. 2 in 60 cases per 1000. For twins of primiparae the losses were 92 per 1000 children and for twins born to multiparae 51 per 1000. Altogether 72 per 1000 male twins died perinatally compared to 52 per 1000 female twins. The most heavy losses occurred among the low‐weight premature twins and in these cases both twins often suffered perinatal death.
FAMILIAL HYPOKALAEMIA AND HYPOMAGNESAEMIA A Further Family
Authors: SPENCER R. W. , VOYCE M. A.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. A family of four siblings is reported. While both parents and one sib appear entirely normal, three other sibs give biochemical evidence of impaired potassium conservation, hypomagnesaemia and decreased urinary calcium output. Affected sibs may be symptom free and of either sex. The dominant clinical abnormality, when it does occur, is tetany and may be precipitated by non‐specific illness. Sustained management of the hypokalemia seems desirable.
CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA IN NORWAY FROM 1963–1974 WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON OWN MATERIAL
Authors: MOE P. J.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. A nation wide up‐to‐date survey of childhood leukemia in Norway including 499 cases in the period 1963–1974 is presented. The median survival for all cases was about one year. Around 20% of the 499 cases were still alive in November 1974. Twenty‐five of the children were off therapy witout any signs of relapse. In our own material thirteen of 42 cases of acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL) were still in primary remission after 3–9 1/2 years. Twelve of them were still off therapy and none had relapsed. Best results were achieved in the 31 cases of ALL followed closely by us all the time. The number of cases in continuous complete remission and the median survival rate in this series compares favourably with the last two studies published by the St. Jude group.
CLINICAL AND CYTOGENETIC STUDIES IN UNDESCENDED TESTES
Authors: WAALER P. E.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. 168 boys aged 2.5–16.8 years with unilateral or bilateral undescended testes or anorchia were studied. Retention was severe (canalicular or intraabdominal) in 1/4 and moderate in 3/4 of the cases. In unilateral retention, the volume of the scrotal testis was usually normal throughout childhood whereas pubertal testicular growth was delayed. In unilateral anorchia, the scrotal testis showed compensatory hypertrophy. In all age groups examined, the mean volume of the undescended testes was abnormally small. Undescended testes were accompanied by abnormalities of the epididymis in 3.6% of cases, of the ductus deferens in 7.8% and of the spermatic vessels in 8.3%. In anorchia such abnormalities were found regularly. Inguinal hernia accompanied 62.8% of the undescended testes and was most frequent in severe cases. Patients aged 8.0–9.9 years with unilateral undescended testis had advanced bone age. Cytogenetic investigations of 167 patients revealed one case of Klinefelter's syndrome (47, XXY). Gonadotrophin treatment was tried in 50 patients and was successful in 12. Surgical results were satisfactory in 86.1% of the operated testes.
ATOPIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN CHILDREN WITH ADENOIDS AND RECURRENT OTITIS MEDIA
Authors: KJELLMAN N.‐I. M. , SYNNERSTAD B. , HANSSON L. O.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. From 274 adenoidectomized children 1–16 years of age two groups were selected: children with a history of recurrent otitis media and/or otosalpingitis (middle ear effusion) and those in which nasal obstruction was the main symptom. In all, 154 children were subjected to an allergy investigation including history, skin tests, eye tests, determination of IgE and RAST, blood eosinophils and immunoglobulins G, A and M. No increased incidence of immunoglobulin deficiency was found in either group in comparison with unselected children. A family history of atopic disease and/or otitis media was highly overrepresented, especially in the children with recurrent otitis media as the reason for the adenoidectomy. Atopic diseases had occurred in 24.4% of the children. Furthermore, in both groups there was a high incidence of positive skin and eye tests. An increased incidence of eosinophilia, positive RAST tests and elevated IgE levels were also found. In all, 39.6% of the children had two or more laboratory findings characteristic of the atopic state but no significant difference was found between the two groups. Possible connections between atopic allergy and recurrent otitis media are discussed.
THE VATER ASSOCIATION: MALFORMATIONS OF THE MALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA
Authors: APOLD J. , DAHL E. , AARSKOG D.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Eight cases with the VATER association of malformations are presented. Malformations of the external genitalia were found in 3 out of 7 male patients. Two of them presented with a bifid scrotum and a caudally displaced, dysplastic penis. Two patients had been exposed to progestin in early pregnancy and one of them had hypospadias and testicular atrophy. It is suggested that malformations of the male external genitalia might be part of malformations found in the VATER association.
PLASMA LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS IN PROTEIN‐CALORIE MALNUTRITION
Authors: DEVI C. SITA , INDIRA K. , CHITRA D. R. , DEVI M. SARALA , SAGAR P.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Plasma triglycerides, phospholipids and total cholesterol estimations and lipoprotein electrophoresis on agarose gel were done in control, Kwashiorkor, and marasmic kwashiorkor children. The beta lipoprotein percentage in both conditions is reduced to a statistically significant extent, whereas there is a statistically significant increase in plasma triglycerides in both conditions. Pre‐beta fraction was present in all cases, and even increased in marasmic kwashiorkor, which is found to be significant. The results do not support the hypothesis that fatty liver in kwashiorkor is due to impaired release of triglycerides from liver.
INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL GUT FLORA AND COLOSTRAL AND CORD SERUM ANTIBODIES ON PRESENCE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI IN FAECES OF THE NEWBORN INFANT
Authors: GOTHEFORS L. , CARLSSON B. , AHLSTEDT S. , HANSON L. Å. , WINBERG J.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. From 29 healthy newborn infants and their mothers faecal, serum and milk specimens were obtained on several occasions from one to nine weeks after delivery. Predominant faecal E. coli were serotyped with regard to the O antigen and milk and serum were analysed for their content of E. coli O antibodies by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. In five cases the babies acquired the same O serotype as was found in the stools of their mothers but in 12 out of 29 cases infant and mother never had any dominating faecal E. coli O type in common. There was no apparent correlation between the patterns of feeding and interchange of bacteria. Klebsiella/Enterobacter was the dominating facultative organism on at least one occasion in half the infants. The newborns received coiostral IgA and transplacental circulating IgG antibodies against a great number of E. coli O serotypes. These antibodies did not prevent intestinal colonization, as judged from cultures of faeces.