bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Modelling of Construction Objects Based on the Integrated AutoCAD System
Authors: Kuzina Valentina , Koshev Alexander
Published: December 2020

Wide implementation of computer modeling of three-dimensional construction objects allows us to solve many technical, logistical and design problems. The development of a detailed electronic three-dimensional plan is a valuable virtual base that allows you to create, display and use for engineering purposes models of various types of engineering, telecommunications and computer networks, plan their construction, modernization and replacement. Connecting external databases to the electronic model allows you get a full specification of buildings, networks and any other objects, display a time record of repairs, replacements, etc. in addition, the 3D model allows you to enter the color differentiation of objects, which can give additional information, for example, the allocation of dangerous equipment (fire, explosive, etc.) in red or other color on the three-dimensional plan of the building. AutoCAD was selected to build a 3D model of the branched multi-storey building of one of the buildings of a modern University, which allows you to get accurate 3D models, has the means of obtaining sections and sections, and also provides a fairly realistic visualization. To obtain a 3D model of the University buildings, all the work was divided into the following stages: building two-dimensional electronic plans of each floor; building three-dimensional models of each floor; combining floor models into a common 3D model of the building. Models of buildings were created on separate layers, which makes it easy to turn off a particular layer, and to study the internal structure of buildings. The 3D model has real dimensions and is easily scaled. Engineering networks and other equipment items can be attached to the model elements in the future, and other tasks will also be solved, such as the location of fire-fighting equipment, escape routes, emergency exits, etc. When creating 3D models, we used the color differentiation of objects. We describe a mechanism for programmatically selecting objects by color in the AutoCAD environment, as well as a program that implements this selection mechanism using a data file with sequential access as an external database.
Transformation of the Lower Lusatia Landscape in the Context of Climate and Energy Change
Authors: Pancewicz Alina
Published: December 2020

The subject of the article is the process of transformation of the landscape of Lower Lusatia – German’s second-largest lignite mining region – shown in the context of contemporary development trends and energy and climate policy. The experience of the last few decades has shown a variety of objectives, directions of development and activities leading to the formation of a new image and landscape identity of the region. The transformation of the landscape of Lower Lusatia is a process of change that is linked to industrial heritage, the tourist potential of the renewed landscape and the energy value based on lignite mining and the acquisition of renewable energy sources. The combination of these three processes is the basis and determinant of creating the current identity of the region. It is also an area of often conflicting interests resulting from various environmental, social and economic conditions. A factor that has a decisive influence on the development of the region is the climate and energy policy implemented in Germany, taking into account environmental objectives, economic needs and social interests to varying degrees. Limiting the adverse consequences of climate threats has now become one of the key strategic actions of the region, reflected both in planning documents and political decisions, as well as in the real landscape. The aim of the article is to show the possibilities and limitations of modern climate and energy policy and to determine the extent of its impact on the landscape, spatial and social transformation of the Lower Lusatia region. The research is also an attempt to answer the question whether the implementation of the adopted energy goals will be sufficient to change the landscape of the region in a sustainable way and sufficient for its development and improvement of the living conditions of its inhabitants.
Examples of Even Lifting of Structural Elements of Existing Buildings
Authors: Gromysz Krzysztof
Published: December 2020

Two examples of even, vertical lifting of building elements are presented. In the first example, after the raw state of the building was completed, the concept of land development around the building has changed. It involved in particular elevating the ground level by 0.8 m. As a consequence, the entrance to the building would be below the surrounding land. It was decided to lift the above-ground part of the building evenly by 0.80 m in order to avoid this. The lifting of the above-ground part of the building was designed and executed by detaching the building apart at the level of the floor and then lifting it evenly by 0.8 m. For this purpose, eighteen hydraulic jacks were used, installed in the bearing walls in the previously made openings. New technical cellars were additionally constructed as a result of the works. In the second case, the roof truss was raised in the residential building in use. The usable area of the attic was enlarged as a result of the works and the number of posts limiting the freedom of interior design was reduced. In both cases, a system of hydraulic jacks was used to move the structure vertically. With the presented procedure, no damage was caused to both, the building elements that were lifted and those unmoved. In addition, the even lifting of parts of the building allowed to avoid the troublesome dismantling and then restoration in a new location.
A Case Study of Modern Heritage Building: Base Isolation Seismic Retrofit for Preservation of its Architectural Distinguishing Features
Authors: Terenzi Gloria , Fuso Elena , Sorace Stefano , Costoli Iacopo
Published: December 2020

Several Italian buildings designed by eminent architects and structural engineers in the second half of the 20th century are now included in modern heritage listings. At the same time, as they were designed before the issue of coordinate national Technical Standards, often require important structural rehabilitation interventions. One of the most representative case studies of that period in Florence, i.e. the building now housing the Automobile Club Headquarter and a B&B Hotel, is examined in this paper. A seismic assessment analysis carried out on the structure highlighted strength deficiencies in several members and potentially severe pounding conditions between the two constituting wings of the building, separated by a narrow technical gap. In order to improve the seismic performance without altering the architectural appearance of the building, characterized by large windows in the façades, free internal spaces and elegant proportions of the main structural members, a base isolation retrofit hypothesis is proposed. A substantial seismic improvement is obtained in rehabilitated conditions, as assessed by the achievement of safe stress states for all members up to the basic design normative earthquake level, as well as of maximum relative lateral displacements of the two wings constrained below the technical gap width.
Examples and Concepts of Floating Architecture in the Face of Climate Change - The Example of Szczecin
Authors: Bradecki Tomasz , Konsek Paulina
Published: December 2020

The article presents the issues of the impact of climate change on the architecture of Baltic cities with the example of Szczecin. Although measures are being taken to prevent further warming, the scale of changes requires action in various areas, including urban planning. In the temperate climate of Poland, the projected temperature increase by the end of the 21st century will have been 2-4 degrees Celsius (according to the latest IPCC reports on the effects of global warming). Therefore, the sea level may rise by 60-120cm. The cities of the Baltic Sea region are facing a significant challenge. In the future, they will face a high intensity of extreme weather events and changes in precipitation levels. The rising sea level forces the search for an alternative way of building. One of the cities in Poland where changes will be experienced is Szczecin. Some positive effects of climate change will also appear, such as longer tourist and vegetation seasons in Poland of up to 4-6 months and an increase in the attractiveness of Polish tourist cities. What is more, the country must also be prepared to accommodate the larger population resulting from climate migration. The article presents examples of designs and developments of the floating architecture which can become inspiring in the face of climate change challenges. A discussion on the pros and cons of such solutions was conducted. The authors put forward a thesis that some architectural solutions may prove useful for the upcoming problem, but they require prior improvement and adaptation to the Polish climate and economic conditions.
Analysis of flexural strength of beam elements reinforced with GFRP bars
Authors: Dybel Piotr , Kucharska Milena , Rzadzka Izabela
Published: December 2020

The durability of reinforced concrete structures is associated with the strength of both concrete and reinforcement against aggressive environmental factors. Once a crack or local damage to the cover occur in the structure, traditional methods of protecting the reinforcement are no longer functional and the sensitive steel reinforcement is exposed to corrosion and deterioration. Therefore, a composite reinforcement made with fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) can be a suitable alternative to the traditional reinforcing steel due to its mechanical and physical properties - high corrosion resistance, high tensile strength, electrical and electromagnetic neutrality. The FRP reinforcement is made of continuous fibres immersed in a polymeric resin. The function of the fibres is to provide adequate strength and stiffness of the composite. Whereas the resin is responsible for bonding the fibres with an appropriate distance between them, protecting their surface against damage and transferring stresses to them. For the purposes of this paper, an analysis of the flexural strength of concrete elements reinforced with FRP bars with varying reinforcement ratios was conducted. The tests were performed on six beam elements reinforced with glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars. The beams with dimensions of 0.15x0.2x2.5 m were subjected to 4-point bending. This study aimed to assess the influence of the reinforcement ratio on the flexural strength of concrete beams reinforced with composite bars and to verify the failure mechanisms against the guidelines presented in the standard ACI 440.1R-06. The reinforcement ratio has a significant impact on the failure mechanism and the flexural strength of beam elements reinforced with GFRP bars. An increase in the reinforcement ratio results in an improvement in the flexural strength of the specimen and is likely to change the failure mechanism - from rebar rupture to concrete crushing. The guidelines of ACI 440.1R-06 correctly estimate the flexural strength of the beam elements reinforced with GFRP bars.
Urban Transformations and Buildings Typology Changes in Areas of Military Conflict
Authors: Linda Svitlana , Pekarchuk Oksana , Milchevych Serhii , Krushelnytskyi Roman , Kolomieitsev Anton
Published: December 2020

During the period of protracted military conflicts, significant changes are taking place in the social, humanitarian and infrastructural spheres for civilians, who find themselves in the area of military confrontation. The military conflict in eastern Ukraine began in spring 2014. Despite various efforts at the international level, a peaceful settlement of the conflict has not yet taken place. In cases of prolonged conflicts, a buffer zone is formed along the line of contact, the so-called “gray zone”. It is a kind of parallel reality of human existence in very difficult, extreme and dangerous conditions. The purpose of this article is to show how a military conflict determines the direction of urban transformation, and influences the change in the typology of public buildings and structures in the “gray zone”. The article uses a comprehensive approach based on statistical analysis, urban planning and typological analysis of open source materials. In 2014, after the signing of the Minsk Protocol, the term “gray zone” was introduced. This buffer zone corresponds to the length of the collision line and is 457 km, on either side of which there is a 30 km neutral territory. According to the Memorandum, the Cabinet of Ministers approved a list of settlements located in the “gray zone”. Weapons were separated from the demarcation line (from 8 km to 120 km) on both sides. In the “gray zone” in Donetsk and Luhansk regions, 350,000 people are estimated to be living under these difficult conditions, who face a variety of daily problems, because social settlement mechanisms are poorly functioning there. In addition, there is a significant loss of housing and infrastructure (approximately 10,000 infrastructure damage has been sustained). The most devastating settlements are located on the collision line as they are strategic points in the distribution of spheres of influence between the parties of the conflict. Within the “gray zone” are urban transformations, which are associated with the emergence of new functions: military and humanitarian. The military function is reflected in the command and observation point equipment, firing points and boundaries of the defense line, control facilities, fortifications and more. Humanitarian one envisages the emergence of territories where social, medical and humanitarian relief facilities are located. For that purpose, surviving public buildings (schools, hospitals, etc.) often change their function. Thus, it can be argued that in conditions of military confrontation, there is an “adaptation” of the existing urban situation to new needs and “re-profile” the typology of buildings, demonstrating the importance of ensuring their “flexible planning”.
A Mofication of the Croutś Method to Simplify the Stress Calculation for Certain Building Structures
Authors: Lacort Agustin Gregorio
Published: December 2020

This paper proposes a precise method of obtaining the stresses in certain models widely found in building to facilitate them in the early design phases. Stresses are obtained more quickly than with other usual procedures because they are deduced from a deflection that is calculated before than the real one. The method is drawn from earlier papers that proposed possible mechanical behaviours of models to justify the operations of three classical methods (Gauss, Crout, Cholesky) that solve the equation systems of conventional equilibrium analyses. Inspired by these mechanical interpretations, the method suggests another structural response that can be justified qualitatively with Cross´ philosophy. The deflection derived is obtained as a sum of partial deflections which are determined by progressively increasing the stiffness of the bars during the balancing process without varying the original stresses. The stiffness is increased in such a way that the nodal movements of each partial deflection can be determined with few operations. Its calculation is described numerically and graphically when the model is a continuous beam and also in the case of other usual building structures. To date, the graphical version has been applied to study the behaviour of certain models as it requires only a short calculation time and the results have been found to be quite precise. As an example, the new deflection of a portico is calculated by freehand and compared with the exact result determined numerically. With this deflection, the stresses of the model are obtained by using modified Maney’s equations. Based on this work, possible lines of research are suggested for developing further graphical methods that can be used to analyse other types of structure accurately.
FEM Analysis of Bond between Concrete and Seven-Wire Prestressing Strand
Authors: Dyba Marcin
Published: December 2020

Detailed FEM analysis of the pull-out test of seven-wire prestressing strand form concrete sample is the purpose of the article. A 3D numerical model of a seven-wire prestressing strand concreted in the concrete cube was made. The assumption of the most trusted modeling of the strand geometry for numerical calculations was assumed. The mechanical parameters of the materials and interface elements for analysis were adopted based on the results obtained from the experimental tests previously carried out by the author. As a result of numerical calculations, it was possible to trace the deformation state, stresses and cracking as well as their development along with the change of the strand displacement in the sample. The images of deformations and stresses in the sample confirmed theoretical considerations and suppositions from experimental tests about its accumulation of the largest values in longitudinal concrete wedges in the closest cover of the strand. During the test, the concrete inside the cube cracked quickly. The first cracks appear in the zone of the nearest cover of the strand. Numerical analysis made it possible to observe both the failure mechanisms identified in the experimental tests. The first mechanism consisted in cutting the longitudinal concrete wedges between the individual wires. The second mechanism was based on the rotation of the strand and its slip along the route of the twist.
The Human, the Built Environment and the Technology: Identifying Key Configurations for a User-Friendly Wayfinding System at Transport Hubs
Authors: Fian Tabea , Hauger Georg
Published: December 2020

Neither an entirely analogue nor an entirely digital wayfinding system can meet all user requirements for navigation and orientation in a complex transport hub (such as a railway station, a metro station or an airport). This paper presents considerations on a holistic, barrier-free and user-friendly wayfinding system at transport hubs by describing wayfinding elements provided through humans, the built environment and specific technologies. For each of the three mentioned categories, a detailed set of wayfinding elements (morphological field) is compiled. Environmental elements include signs, plans or landmarks while technology-based elements consider any form of wayfinding support on mobile devices (such as smart phones, tablets or watches). Human-related support in wayfinding represents classic forms of personal information or personal assistance by passengers or employees. In order to integrate the user perspective and the complexity of different user requirements, an additional set of user groups (such as people with visual impairments, people with hearing impairments or people with mobility impairments) and their wayfinding-specific requirements is composed. With a focus on intersecting the identified wayfinding elements and the user-specific wayfinding requirements, a Morphological Analysis is conducted. This methodological approach represents a multi-dimensional, non-quantified method for delineating key configurations of wayfinding elements that cover the widest range of user-specific requirements in orientation and navigation at transport hubs. Based on the Morphological Analysis, recommendations for a holistic, barrier-free and user-friendly wayfinding system are formulated. The elaborated recommendations form the basis for a feasible implementation strategy of future wayfinding systems at transport hubs.
Problems of Garden-City Protection in the Suburban Area of Warsaw
Authors: Szmelter Alicja , Zdunek-Wielgołaska Justyna
Published: December 2020

The paper aims to present the issues of protection of settlement with features of garden-cities in the suburban area of Warsaw. Howard’s idea of combining the advantages of the city and the village in one was so popular that it also affected Warsaw. In the area of Warsaw-city, as well as in its outskirts, garden-housing estates were built or planned. To this day, in the suburban landscape, these areas are distinguished by a vast content of greenery and small-town character, but the investment pressure is so intense that changes are taking place at a dynamic pace. Often, even the legal protection of these values is not sufficient to resist these urban processes. Thus, the purpose of the article is to show the problems of protecting settlement systems with the features of garden cities in the suburban area of Warsaw. The research uses the case study research method and critical analysis of formal and legal conditions. Interviews with residents were additional support. The examples given have shown that systems that have been protected for many years, with more stringent regulations, are in a much better position than places whose inheritance is being tried to preserve by introducing regulation now. In many cases, social resistance is so strong that even with evident advantages, it is not possible to introduce protective laws.
Feasibility Study on the Production of Sustainable Mortars Packaged with Recycled AAC Aggregates
Authors: Nicolella Maurizio , Pino Alessio , Scognamillo Claudio , Vitale Federica
Published: December 2020

Building sustainability is one of the current global goals due to the variety and the quantity of the resources consumed in all the construction phases. Mortars – for masonry and plasters applications – are one of the most “produced” and high-impact composite building materials, since they are used both in traditional and modern constructions. Moreover, the production processes of binders and aggregates used to package mortars require the consumption of energy and resources and lead to the management of a huge amount of waste. In order to reduce the environmental weight of the mortars, the scientific world has been focusing, over the last years, on the substitution of natural aggregates with lightweight-recycled ones. Several studies have shown that this substitution improves some performances (thermal insulation and vapour permeability) and decreases other ones (compressive and flexural strength) as a result of the mortars density reduction. Moreover, the variability of recycled-aggregates materials (ceramic, plastic, concrete) and of the composition of mortars allows many different possibilities. However, little is known about the effective convenience of the market placement of these products. The aim of this study is to measure the environmental and economic sustainability of mortars made with natural hydraulic lime and a partial substitution of the natural sand with recycled aggregates from the production waste of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete bricks. These mortars were physically and mechanically characterized in a previous research phase and they were classified according to UNI EN 998-1 and 2. In particular, mortars with 25% by weight of AAC at most were suitable for masonry applications. The present study investigates the synergic possibility of packaging pre-mixes with recycled AAC aggregates in establishments where AAC is produced, moving from the unconventional perspective of the manufacturer. At first, LCA analyses are performed on these scenarios, in order to prove the strong decrease in the environmental impact of both production phases – AAC production, where waste is reduced, and mortar packaging, where the use of natural aggregates is limited – then the research moves to the analysis of the economic sustainability of the implementation of this production line. For this purpose, two cases are considered: an AAC manufacturer who does not produce pre-mixes, and an AAC manufacturer who produces pre-mixes, but does not own machineries to recycle Autoclaved Aerated Concrete bricks. Following a cost analysis related to the introduction of the production line of pre-mixes with recycled AAC in the two cases, hypotheses of market prices for this product are formulated in order to assess its economic sustainability, by performing a market analysis, and verifying the compatibility of the payback periods that derive from the related investments.
City Space Recycling: The Example of Brownfield Redevelopment
Authors: Sołtysik Maciej , Mazur-Belzyt Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

In many parts of the world the manufacturing and mining industries have left a huge mark on the spatial structure of entire regions, as well as individual cities. Urban tissue has been growing for years around the dynamically developing industrial plants and mines during the period of intensive industrialization. As a result of industrial restructuring, abandoned and degraded post-industrial areas created problematic places in the structure of cities. Moreover, many of them are located in the direct neighbourhood of the centers of these cities, in the strict urban fabric. Nowadays, in the era of balancing urban development, creating compact, smart and eco cities, one of the important problems faced by city authorities, architects and urban planners is solving the issue of optimal shaping of city structure, including revitalization of post-industrial areas. The article deals with the subject of transforming brownfield areas into modern urban tissue, related to the surrounding areas, and at the same time referring to its industrial heritage. For this purpose, a number of studies were carried out, including comparative analyzes. Therefore, five examples of projects from Europe related to the transformation of brownfield sites for the purposes of industrial and technology parks were selected. This list includes two examples of Polish parks located in Upper Silesia and three examples of areas located in Germany in the Metropolis of the Ruhr Area. Selected areas were analyzed and evaluated in terms of a number of parameters in order to identify the most important factors positively influencing transformations and problem areas requiring the most attention. Based on the results of the case study, a model concept for post-industrial area development was prepared for the purposes of developing an industrial and technological park and recreational areas, complementing the leisure offer for the surrounding residential areas. The location in former Baildon ironworks in Katowice in Upper Silesia was chosen as the place of the conceptual design. Upper Silesia is known as one of the most urbanized and industrialized regions of Poland, which is still struggling with the negative effects of industrial restructuring. Research results indicate that the areas of former mines and production plants, thanks to their strengths, can be attractively transformed into other functions to become again a showcase of the entire city, providing an incentive to learn about the industrial history of the region. The introduction of a diversified program and giving a new character to areas with huge investor potential, helps to return the city to areas of great social, economic and spatial importance.
Technical Problems Connected with the Adaptation into a Loft of a Post-industrial Building. Case Study
Authors: Nowogońska Beata
Published: December 2020

Adaptation of post-industrial facilities for modern residential buildings improves the results and aesthetics of urban spaces with a full respect for the protection of cultural heritage. Adaptation of post-industrial of the historic building requires a series of the preliminary research facility. The article presents the results of the diagnosis of the technical condition preceding the adaptation of the former factory to lofts in Zielona Góra. The building at Fabryczna 14 in Zielona Góra was built in 1913 and for over 60 years, it was a weaving mill in a textile factory complex. In the 70s of the 20th century, the building was adapted to the office of the “POLON” Nuclear Apparatus, in the first years of the twenty-first century, the building served as a commercial facility and storage. The building is 4-storey, made of solid brick, covered with a desktop roof, with a 5-storey corner tower from the south. The building’s facades are made of non-plastered bricks, have numerous profiling - pilaster strips, cornices, bands, panels. From the north, in the 70s of the 20th century, a part containing the reinforced concrete staircase was added. The interior of the building is three-tract, the supporting structure is made of longitudinal brick external walls and parallel steel beams based on cast iron pillars. The main assumptions of the adaptation to lofts primarily assumed changes in the interior of the building. Flats with an area of 60 to 150 square meters were designed, for this purpose, additional transverse walls were made. The brick façade remained, the attachment for the staircase and elevator was changed. At this point, the architect used modern trends related to modern technologies and finishing materials. The projection housing the new elevator and staircase was made of a steel structure with a reflex glass cladding. Modern solutions have been integrated into the brick architecture of the historic building. The political and social changes of the 1990s meant that many industrial facilities, often with a rich history, were out of use. A prolonged break in the use of buildings often causes irreversible degradation of their construction. This is mainly due to the neglect of basic maintenance principles.
Analysis of Public Space Dynamics Based on Instagram and Flickr Data
Authors: Pogačar Kaja , Žižek Andrej
Published: December 2020

The general increase in the use of social media platforms since 2010 is related to the growing amount of data collected on the Internet, which may represent an opportunity for urban research. By analysing publicly available geolocated data from social media platforms, it is possible to track changes in the attractiveness and spatiotemporal dynamics of public spaces through their different stages of development. In this paper, we analyse data obtained from the Instagram and Flickr - for both platforms, user-sharing photographs is their main feature. Photos taken during daily interactions in public space have a symbolic value. In addition, social media posts contain valuable metadata that can be used for analysis and information discovery. In research, social media posts are used to measure and identify the attractiveness and dynamics of a selected public space. Data was collected by using the REST API technology. Two case studies are presented that retrospectively analyse the attractiveness and dynamics of selected public spaces from Graz (Austria) and Maribor (Slovenia). The research results show that the data from the Flickr platform, which provides access to the exact geolocation of the posted photos, can show the attractiveness of the locations, as the popular sights in both cities were clearly identified on the generated heatmaps. The maps showed locations that were perceived as important and attractive by residents or visitors in order to document them, which indicates certain motivation or even quality that confirms the expected correlation. With the methodology presented, the data collected on the Instagram social media platform can, to a certain extent, reflect the activities carried out in the physical public space, even if it cannot provide a complete picture. The research results are considered a valuable proxy for determining the general level of social interaction in public space. The methodology presented demonstrates the innovative approach to retrospective analysis of dynamics and changing attractiveness from social media perspective in public space. In the future, however, more social media data will be available, which will allow a more specific analysis and - in combination with other data sources - a more effective detection of deficiencies in public space, but also better urban planning and management. Finally, there is an enormous potential for retrospective research using the comparative method, but also for linking new ICT driven approaches with traditional methods.
A Study on the Effects of Underlying Surface on the Microclimate of Campus in Wintertime
Authors: Hao Shangkai , Liu Yu , Yang Xiaojing
Published: December 2020

The winter temperature of campus in north China is generally low, and different underlying surfaces have different characteristics in different environments in winter. In this paper, three different underlying surfaces on campus: hard pavement, vegetation and water surface, were selected for a quantitative study. From December 21 to 25, 2019, the temperature and relative humidity of 6 measuring points in Chang’an campus of Northwest Polytechnic University were measured every 0.5h per day. The results show that the temperatures of hard pavement surface were generally higher than that of grassland and water body in the wintertime. Detailed process and results of the research are introduced in this paper, and some suggestions for the future campus planning in consideration of winter environmental factors are provided accordingly.
Building Roofs in Sudan
Authors: Mukhtar Younis Abdalla
Published: December 2020

Buildings forms in the hot dry region of the tropics had evolved gradually by process of trial and error, using techniques and available materials. The traditional building construction in the hot dry tropic is of massive loadbearing walls and thick roofs. These two elements have a considerable heat storage capacity. The heavy structure absorbs heat during the day and released it gradually during the day whenever external or internal temperatures are lower. They also modify the temperature fluctuation and keep the interior comparatively cooler. The performance is satisfactory up to certain extent.
Information Support for Industrial Area Redevelopment Projects
Authors: Topchiy Dmitriy
Published: December 2020

Urban development is not only driven by higher residential density, taller buildings in business quarters, and intensive infrastructure development, but also by individual urban areas being repurposed. Industrial areas account for the highest potential in terms of area development within a city. Historically, such manufacturing conglomerates formed on the outskirts of cities, but the development of any urban community is tied to its area expanding. Thus manufacturing facilities once located on the outskirts have come to be in the central parts of large cities where they create an excessive burden on the environment; and make products at inevitably higher costs due to additional expenditure because of the high cadastral value of land and buildings within a city, high wages that have to be paid to specialists living in large cities, and other factors. Decisions on the renovation of industrial areas are made by municipal authorities and the main goal of an investor at the initial stage of entering a project is to form the structure of information support for a project making it possible to design, manage, and launch a redevelopment project.
Heritage Values and Rehabilitation: Architectural Intervention in the Archaeological Museum of Seville (Spain)
Authors: Pérez Clara Mosquera , Adell Eduardo Mosquera , De Pablos Javier Navarro , Pérez Cano M Teresa
Published: December 2020

The present investigation examines the role of museum buildings in their consideration as heritage institutions. A particular interest in rehabilitation processes and conversion of international exhibition pavilions into museums will be assessed. The Archaeological Museum of Seville will be taken as a case study. The Ibero-American Exhibition of Seville (1929) was a paramount event in the city, with a vast development of the southern area of the city as well as a display of flourishing regionalist architecture. Its powerful image has transcended from this temporary event, embracing relevant institutions over decades, such as the Archeological Museum. Plus, historical preservation has enhanced its heritage value. Within the grounds of the historic María Luisa Park, the museum has undergone a remarkable evolution as an institution that requires a new relationship with its building, together with an adequation to new museological perspectives. During the lifetime of the museum, the former exhibition pavilion has experienced a succession of rehabilitation processes in the 20th century, always searching for a continuity with the concept of the original building. However, the evolution of the institution faces new challenges for the 21st century: display of the collection, technological issues, public and community services, network affiliation, etc. A series of cultural heritage protection measures that affect the property and its collections, its immediate environment, and the urban environment in which it is located, condition the building and its urban context. Nowadays, a new architectural intervention is in process, with the main goal of putting together all these requirements. The project also deals with the production of a new architecture of representation, respecting and rehabilitating the original regionalist building but also creating a contemporary image for the institution. The relevance of the museum, together with its urban role, make the Archeological Museum of Seville an important agent of cultural requalification. In conclusion, this paper will show how urban culture has been renewed, experiencing a decisive transformation of public spaces and cultural facilities, for leisure, education, or tourism. A new reconsideration of the Cultural Property in question is an experience that can be extrapolated to other museum experiences that emerged in the 20th century and that are currently undergoing a comprehensive reexamination.
Effect of Shear Reinforcement on Punching Shear Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Flat Plates
Authors: Mohamed Osama , Khattab Rania
Published: December 2020

Punching or two-way shear is a critical failure mode that must be accounted for in reinforced concrete (RC) slabs that are not supported by beams, known as flat plates. The often gravity-driven failure occurs around supporting columns may also be influenced by lateral forces. This paper presents the findings of a numerical study that evaluated the effect on punching shear strength of shear reinforcement bar diameter, and stirrups distribution length (L), measured from the face of the supporting column. The study was conducted on seven 3D nonlinear finite element models representing RC flat plates subjected to concentric vertical loads. Each of the seven models simulates the punching shear behaviour of interior slab-column connections with different shear reinforcement bar diameters and/or reinforcement distance from the face of the supporting column. Numerical investigation showed that increasing the stirrup diameter causes a significant increase in the ultimate two-way shear capacity. On the other hand, increasing the stirrups distribution length provides a moderate increase in the ultimate punching shear capacity. Furthermore, punching shear assessment using 3D finite element analyses were in good agreement with the mathematical models of the ACI-318-2019 building code.
Pioneer Development of Facility Construction Territory
Authors: Oleynik Pavel
Published: December 2020

Peculiarities of pioneer development of facility construction territory in hard-to-reach and underdeveloped areas are considered. It is given the specificity and variety of work for the implementation of which it is advisable to organize a complex flow. The procedure of technological calculations and the construction of the corresponding cyclogram and schedule of pioneer development of the territory, which should be part of the facility construction schedule of the construction management plan, is disclosed. Such a schedule is the basis not only for determining the need for employees, construction equipment, materials, and structures, but also for creating schedules for employees’ work and rest periods and their turnover during the pioneer development of the territory. The main goal of this work is to improve in-line construction methods using advanced organizational and technological solutions for pioneering the development of the territory for the future construction of buildings and structures. This approach allows, as a result of the application and implementation of the described principles, to form the optimal organizational and technological scheme for carrying out strip-mounting works taking into account the specifics of pioneer development and the preparatory period as a whole. In addition, the principles being implemented significantly affect the duration of work and minimize downtime of construction flows. As a result of the study, the author provides a generalized system of principles for rationalizing organizational and technological solutions for the pioneer development of construction territories., Which in the future can be used as the basis of an automated apparatus for optimizing the model of building an object in pioneer territories through the use of cyclograms and advanced mathematical methods.
Damping Problem of Numerical Simulation of Structural Reverberation Time
Authors: Nering Krzysztof
Published: December 2020

Finite element simulations of sound insulation are very problematic due to problem of damping. Omitting damping issues in dynamic analysis, which in conclusions leads to acoustic performance of system may reflect in non-reliable results. In this paper study using different values of Rayleigh damping coefficients are used for Explicit analysis to calculate structural reverberation time. To investigate behaviour of structure under different damping the structural reverberation time and the total loss factor is calculated. The modelled slab was 14 [cm] thick and geometry of considered plate is 4.19 x 3.61 [m]. Load on the structure was applied in 3 different points with unit pressure on small area (5x5 [cm]) using amplitude of load as Dirac delta approximation. Results of performed simulations of the slab subjected to impact load were compared with laboratory result of structural reverberation time measurements obtained with accelerometers. As a result of this analysis it can be stated that damping is crucial issue to reflect acoustical behaviour of considered structure. Results shown that β-coefficient of Rayleigh damping affects more structural response than α-coefficient especially in medium and high frequency. Comparing simulation results with laboratory measurements and formulas to calculate α- and β-coefficient of Rayleigh damping it can be concluded that formulas used in structural dynamics for estimating damping coefficients in simulation of whole building are not valid for simulation of individual building elements. These formulas can be used only for initial estimation of damping coefficients. In considered situation gave effect of over dampening tested slab. Based on this conclusion additional simulations were performed to conclude that β-coefficient is overestimated by order of magnitude.
Safe and Secure Cities for Pedestrians and Senior Citizens
Authors: Schmeidler Karel
Published: December 2020

The aim of our project TL02000559, sponsored by Technological Agency of the Czech Republic, Prague, is to develop a new attitude to the mobility of our senior citizens in urban settings, more age sensitive and based on possibilities they have in relation to the urban green mobility. The source of the knowledge is the public participation in the form of questioning the elderly citizens to understand the real problems they face. The procedure is based on a redefinition of urban space and following revitalisation and remodelation of public spaces like streets, squares, parks and embankments. This includes reduction of unnecessary car traffic and environmental pollution and traffic accidents, where the elderly are the most endangered group. Nevertheless, it does not mean any reduction in the mobility of the elderly. Mobility of the elderly is a necessity for their quality of life and should be supported by the improvement of transport systems. This enables their inclusion in society. Green transport like walking, cycling, and public modes of transport like busses and tramways should be modernised and developed.
Determining the amount of past investment property using the synthesis of cost evaluation methods
Authors: Vrbka Jaromír , Krulický Tomáš , Brabenec Tomáš
Published: December 2020

During its existence, each property requires specific construction operations to extend its useful life. Such construction operations and related investment are usually carried out gradually in dependence on the durability of the building materials used. To determine the overall amount of investment, a synthesis of selected valuation methods is used in this contribution. The aim of the synthesis is to achieve the most accurate result of the investment made. In selected methods used, the value of the investment made is correlated using coefficient to the price level of the investment year. The resulting investment value determined by means of the cost pricing synthesis methodology provides more accurate results than the application of a specific valuation method for the entire set of items priced.
An Integrated Approach for Extraction of Carbonate Rocks Based on Landsat OLI Data: a Case Study around Stone Forest, Southwest China – Upgrading for Land-use Planning Purposes
Authors: He Ping , Cheng Xianfeng , Mao Zifei
Published: December 2020

Geological remote sensing information extraction of the lithology has always been the hotspot and difficulty in remote sensing applications. Carbonate rocks covered more than 3.4 million km2 in China. The study area is located around Stone Forest, which is World Natural Heritage. Sedimentary rocks distributes mainly in the area, and their spectral characteristics are complex and difficult to be recognized by remote sensing. Landsat OLI data was selected as the information source. The false color synthesis, principal component change, band ratio and other processing technologies of OLI data were applied to the lithological enhancement identification of carbonate rocks. Selected information will be used to improve the quality of the land-use planning.
Teeth Model Reconstruction Based on Multiple View Image Capture
Authors: Ali Faten Imad , Tarik Al-dahan Ziad
Published: December 2020

Various dentistry fields such as teeth treatment, dental restoration, and denture production require the application of three-dimensional intraoral scanners to create digital impressions. This study presents a method to reconstruct a three-dimensional teeth crown by utilizing a prototype intraoral custom design with publicly available software. The system consists of custom containing an endoscope camera and two light sources (white LED and blue laser), a personal control computer, and photogrammetric open source software packages (VisualSFM, CMVS/PMVS, and MeshLab). Photogrammetry methods were used to acquire the three-dimensional teeth model with high precision. Multi images have been captured of the interesting teeth using the custom system from different angles. The capturing process was done in two phases using one illumination source each time. The captured images are loading to Photogrammetry software to generate the three-dimensional dense point cloud. A comparison has been made of the resulted dense point cloud at each phase. Finally, the dense point cloud is loading to MeshLab software to generate the three-dimensional mesh that can be utilized in CAD/CAM software. The results have shown the superiority of using blue illumination with the photogrammetry software that shows good accuracy of teeth crown details and measurements that are related to the reconstruction algorithm which yields in more number of 3D points of the object to generate good three-dimensional meshes of the teeth crown. This study helps to offer low cost, simple design, and a user-friendly system to generate a three-dimensional teeth crown.