bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AVALIAÇÕES DE RISCO EM BARRAGENS: ESTUDO DE CASO DA BARRAGEM MALCOZINHADO NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO
Authors: Fontenelle Mariana Campos , Fontenelle Alexandre de Sousa , Matos Yago Machado Pereira de , Monteiro Fernando Feitosa
Published: August 2017

RESUMO: O presente trabalho tem a proposta de avaliar a eficácia de duas metodologias de avaliação de risco de uma barragem no Nordeste Brasileiro no intervalo de 10 anos, baseando-se na inspeção e no nível de ameaça. Utiliza-se a metodologia Nível de Perigo da Barragem (NPB) para cálculo do nível de ameaça (Fontenelle, 2007) e para o cálculo do risco as metodologias da Companhia de Gestão dos Recursos Hídricos do Ceará (COGERH) e do Conselho Nacional de Recursos Hídricos (CNRH). Observa-se que o crescente número de barragens soma-se a preocupação com a segurança destas. Face a isto, utiliza-se a avaliação de risco como forma de priorizar ações de manutenção e recuperação. O estudo de caso ocorreu na Barragem Malcozinhado, localizada no município de Cascavel, no estado do Ceará. Com base na inspeção, calcula-se o nível de ameaça e o risco, compara-se estes com os resultados de 2006. Assim, observou-se o aumento no nível de ameaça, no entanto, o risco permaneceu, em geral, baixo, semelhante aos resultados de 2006. Este resultado se deve ao fato de que o número de anomalias aumentou, porém trata-se de uma barragem jovem, de pequeno porte e inspecionada regularmente.ABSTRACT: The present study has the proposal of evaluating the effectiveness of two methodologies of risk Assessment of a Brazilian Northeast dam in a range of 10 years, based on the inspection and the level of hazard. The methodology used for calculating the hazard level is the Dam Hazard Level (NPB). In addiction, in order to evaluate the risk is used the methodology of the Water Resources Management Company of Ceará (COGERH) and the methodology of National Resources Council Water (CNRH). The number of dams is increasing with to the concern for their safety. In view of this, risk assessment is used as a tool to prioritizing maintenance and recovery actions. The case study occurred in the Malcozinhado Dam, located in the municipality of Cascavel, in the state of Ceará. Based on the inspection, the level of hazard and risk is calculated, compared to the results for 2006. Thus, the increase in the level of hazard was observed, but the risk remained generally low, similar to 2006 result. This result is due to the fact that the number of anomalies has increased, but it is a young, small and regularly inspected dam.
The Effects of Learning Model and Achievement Motivation on Natural Science Learning Outcomes of Students at State Islamic Elementary Schools in Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Nasution Wahyudin Nur
Published: August 2017

The research aimed to study the effects of learning model and achievement motivation on natural science learning outcomes. It was a 2 x 2 factorial experimental design. The research was conducted at two state Islamic elementary schools in Medan, Indonesia, namely: Medan Tembung State Islamic Elementary School and Medan Sunggal State Islamic Elementary School. Samples in the research were 60 students at the two schools. Data in the research was collected by using an achievement motivation scale and a learning outcome test. Then, the collected data was analyzed by using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The research found that (1) natural science learning outcomes of students who were taught by using a cooperative learning model were higher than those of students who were taught by using a direct instruction model; (2) natural science learning outcomes of students with high achievement motivation who were taught by using a cooperative learning model were higher than those of students with high achievement motivation who were taught by using a direct instruction model; (3) natural science learning outcomes of students with low achievement motivation who were taught by using a direct instruction model were higher than those of students with low achievement motivation who were taught by using a cooperative learning model and; (4) there was an interaction between learning model and achievement motivation and its effects on natural science learning outcomes.
Collagenous matrix as a predictor for bone formation: a digital technique for collagen quantification
Authors: Acasigua Gerson Arisoly , Müller de Quevedo Henrique , Medeiros Fossati Anna Christina
Published: August 2017

The collagenous matrix plays a fundamental role in the process of bone regeneration, so it is essential to study

how it is primarily formed in situations in which critical bone defects are created. Objective: this study seeks

to quantify the collagenous matrix formed in critical bone defects in the calvaria of mice over the process

of bone regeneration promoted by the association of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) porous scaffolds and

stem cells from deciduous teeth (SCDT). In addition, this study attempted to establish a precise protocol for

the digital quantification of collagen through a histological method. Materials and method: Nine Wistar rats

were used, in which critical defects of 8.0 mm of diameter were made in their calvarium. The animals were

divided into three groups (n = 9): I – PLGA scaffolds; II – PLGA scaffolds/SCDT; III – PLGA scaffolds/SCDT

maintained in osteogenic medium for 13 days. Within sixty postoperative days, calvaria were removed for histometric analysis following a digital protocol. A specific digital analysis method was designed for this study, in

which a more precise quantification and differentiation between collagen fibers and non-collagenous tissue

was possible, excluding factors that would normally alter the results. Results: it was noted that the association

of PLGA scaffolds and SCDT maintained in osteogenic medium resulted in collagen matrix formation statistically

higher than the other groups (p
Mesenchymal hepatic hamartoma associated with elevated alpha fetoprotein mimicking a hepatoblastoma: A rare case and a literature review
Authors: Gaxa Luvo , Hlatshwayo Bafana
Published: August 2017

Introduction: A mesenchymal hepatic hamartoma is a heterogeneous and a rare congenital benign neoplasm whose presentation may be cystic, solid or mixed and the mass may demonstrate varying degrees of vascularity. Treating mesenchymal hepatic hamartomas conservatively is not encouraged because these lesions have the potential to grow rapidly and may degenerate to a malignant undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma. The standard treatment of mesenchymal hepatic hamartoma is surgical resection. However, marsupialization is also indicated in surgically unresectable cases.
Case Report: We report a case of one-year-old girl who presented with a one-month history of abdominal distention. The patient was born through a normal vaginal delivery at term. Apgar score 9/10-10/10, birth weight 2.8 kg. Head circumference 36 cm. The patient is retro-viral disease negative. She has normal developmental milestones and the immunizations are up to date. Ultrasound of the abdomen was performed and it showed right liver lobe large masses. Computed tomography (CT) scan was subsequently performed to further characterize the liver lesions. Ultrasound guided biopsy was performed and it confirmed the diagnosis of mesenchymal hepatic hamartoma. The alpha-fetoprotein was markedly elevated.
Conclusion: It is of utmost importance to note that as much as the mesenchymal hepatic hamartoma typically shows a normal alpha-fetoprotein, a rare presentation of this benign tumor may be associated with markedly elevated alpha fetoprotein.
Complications of acute pancreatitis in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Akhter Soubia , Rehman Khan Zaeem UR , Ahmed Bilal , Ahmed Farah , Ali Memon Zahid
Published: August 2017

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the complications of acute pancreatitis in tertiary care hospital.
Methods: Hundred patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis were analyzed in this prospective cohort study from July 2015 to July 2016. Complications were studied. Cholelithiasis was found to be the most common cause of acute pancreatitis in our setting.
Results: Acute pancreatitis is defined as reversible inflammation of pancreatic parenchyma which is characterized by the presence of interstitial edema, acute inflammatory cell infiltrate and varying degree of cellular apoptosis, necrosis and hemorrhage. Cholelithiasis and alcohol were found to be the most common causes of acute pancreatitis. Alcohol, Smoking, some medications are the major risk factors. The major complications of acute pancreatitis are pseudocyst, pleural effusion, sepsis, shock or internal bleeding, fluid collection, ascites.
Conclusion: Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common gastrointestinal ailments with high morbidity and mortality worldwide and at our set up too. Like any other disease occurrence of complications may worsen the prognosis of acute pancreatitis. Acute fluid collection around pancreas came out to be the common complication.
ENFERMAGEM E METAS INTERNACIONAIS DE SEGURANÇA: AVALIAÇÃO EM HEMODIÁLISE
Authors: Aguiar Letícia Lima , Guedes Maria Vilani Cavalcante , Oliveira Roberta Meneses , Leitão Ilse Maria Tigre de Arruda , Dos Santos Pennafort Viviane Peixoto , Barros Ariane Alves
Published: August 2017

Objetivou-se descrever o cuidado de enfermagem prestado em serviço hospitalar de hemodiálise com base em metas internacionais de segurança do paciente. Estudo descritivo realizado no serviço de hemodiálise de hospital público brasileiro, referência no atendimento de pacientes renais agudos e crônicos, entre agosto e outubro de 2013. Participaram 25 profissionais de enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados com entrevista, observação e checklist baseados nas metas de segurança da Joint Commission International. Observou-se que as metas em conformidade foram: comunicação efetiva; redução do risco de infecções associadas aos cuidados de saúde; e redução do risco de lesões decorrentes de quedas. As demais metas, que são: identificação correta do paciente; segurança no manuseio de medicamentos de alta vigilância; e assegurar procedimento em local correto, merecem atenção por parte da equipe estudada e pela instituição avaliada. Constatou-se a necessidade de implementação de protocolos no serviço para a segurança do paciente e da equipe.
HIDROCARBONETOS POLICÍCLICOS AROMÁTICOS: CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE TEMPO DE USO DO ELETROCAUTÉRIO E TEMPO CIRÚRGICO
Authors: Okubo Caroline Vieira Claudio , Ribeiro Renata Perfeito , Martins Júlia Trevisan , Marziale Maria Helena Palucci
Published: August 2017

Objetivou-se identificar concentrações de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos provenientes da fumaça do eletrocautério nas salas operatórias, correlacionando estas concentrações com o tempo de uso do eletrocautério e cirúrgico. Trata-se de um estudo de campo, transversal e quantitativo, realizado em 50 atos cirúrgicos do aparelho digestivo, entre abril e julho de 2015, em hospital universitário no estado do Paraná. Foram coletados hidrocarbonetos por meio de uma bomba de sucção e determinados por cromatografia liquida. Estes compostos foram encontrados com média de 0,0058 mg.m-³ e mediana de 0,0049 mg.m-³. O tempo médio cirúrgico e de uso do eletrocautério foram de 136 minutos e 220,5 segundos, respectivamente. O teste de correlação de Spearman foi de -0,512 entre as variáveis concentrações e tempo cirúrgico e de -0,183 entre as concentrações e tempo de uso do eletrocautério. Conclui-se que existem hidrocarbonetos e há baixa correlação entre a produção destes compostos e tempo de uso do eletrocautério.
Association Rules as a Decision Making Model in the Textile Industry
Authors: Istrat Višnja , Lalić Nenad
Published: August 2017

Sales process disfunctions in the textile industry are problems that cause loss of customers, incomplete market supply, etc. The objective of the research is to analyse transactions from the textile industry database in order to find patterns in buyers’ behavior and improve the model of decision-making. Association rules, one of the most noticeable data mining techniques, is used as methodology to learn rules and market patterns that occur in sales in the textile industry, which will enhance the decision-making process, by making it more effective and efficient. The Apriori algorithm was applied and open source software Orange was used. It has been shown using a real-life dataset containing 2000 transactions from the textile industry of the South East Europe region that the approach proposed is useful in discovering effective knowledge in data associated with sales. The study reports new interesting rules and the dependence of the following parameters: Support, Confidence, Lift and Leverage on making more customized offers in the textile industry.
Comparative Study on the Frictional Sound Properties of Woven Fabrics
Authors: Wang Pin-Ning , Ho Ming-Hsiung , Cheng Kou-Bing , Murray Richard , Lin Chun-Hao
Published: August 2017

An innovative Frictional Sound Automatic Measuring System (FSAMS) was designed to collect and enable analysis of the frictional sound spectra of four natural fibre woven fabrics which included cotton, linen, silk, and wool. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method was used to convert time-domain signals into frequency-domain signals to enable the maximum sound amplitude (MSA) and the level pressure of the total sound (LPTS) of the cotton, linen, silk, and wool fabrics to be calculated and analysed. Subsequently auto-regression formulae were used to calculate the fabric auto-regressive coefficients (ARC, ARF, and ARE); the correlations between fabric frictional sound in terms of LPTS and AR coefficients, and mechanical properties as measured by KES-FB were also evaluated. Stepwise regression was then used to identify the key frictional sound parameters for the four types of fabric. The results show that LPTS values for cotton, linen, silk, and wool fabrics increase with their ARC values. It was revealed that the key mechanical parameters affecting fabric frictional sound for the four natural fibre woven fabrics were not the same for each fabric type: the parameters that influenced LPTS values were the fabric weight and bending hysteresis for the cotton fabric, tensile energy for the linen, tensile resilience for the silk and shear hysteresis at a 5° shear angle for the wool fabric.
Influence of Silk-Like Finishing Process Variables on Fabric Properties
Authors: Carrera-Gallissà Enric , Capdevila Xavier , Valldeperas Josep
Published: August 2017

A 100% PES woven fabric was subjected to a silk-like finishing treatment using a two-factor (soda concentration and vaporisation time), three-level experimental design on a pilot plant in order to examine the influence of process variables on fabric drape and hand, and also to relate weight loss to the properties of the finished fabric. Weight loss in the fabric was significantly related to the process variables studied. By contrast, the vaporisation time affected no drape indicator, even though it interacted significantly with the soda concentration, which influenced three of the five indicators examined. Also the vaporisation time affected no FAST property, but its interaction with the soda concentration had a significant effect on all drape-related FAST parameters. Regression equations accurately predicting drape indicators and physico-mechanical properties of the fabric studied from its weight loss are proposed.
Composition, Distribution, and Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds in 18 Soybean Cultivars
Authors: Zhu Yi-Lin , Zhang Hai-Sheng , Zhao Xin-Shuai , Xue Huan-Huan , Xue Jing , Sun Yu-Han
Published: August 2017

Natural phenols are an important functional compound widely distributed in plants with benefits that promote human health. The content of total phenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins and their composition distribution in 18 soybean cultivars was investigated. There are four phenolic acid distribution forms in these soybean cultivars, namely free, esterified, glycosided, and insoluble-bound. Total phenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins from 6 black soybean cultivars were found in higher numbers than those from 12 other yellow soybean cultivars. Free and esterified phenolic acids were the main phenolic acid form in all 18 soybean samples. Chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid were the dominant phenolic acids in eight detected phenolic acids, and daidzin and genistin were the abundant isoflavones in five detected isoflavones. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of total phenols from the 6 black soybean cultivars were greater than those from the 12 yellow soybean cultivars, and there was a significant positive correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. Black soybeans could be a potential resource for developing natural antioxidants that may play a crucial role in human health protection.
Survey on Transfusion-Transmitted Cytomegalovirus and Cytomegalovirus Disease Mitigation
Authors: Weisberg Stuart P. , Staley Elizabeth M. , Williams Lance A. , Pham Huy P. , Bachegowda Lohith S. , Cheng Yan Ho , Schwartz Joseph , Shaz Beth H.
Published: August 2017

Context.—

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can be transmitted by cellular blood products, leading to severe disease in immunosuppressed patients such as neonates and transplant recipients. To mitigate transfusion-transmitted CMV (TT-CMV), “CMV-safe” blood products (leukoreduced and/or CMV-seronegative) are transfused. Attempts to develop practice guidelines for TT-CMV mitigation have been limited by paucity of high-quality clinical trials.

Objective.—

To assess current TT-CMV mitigation strategies across medical institutions for specific at-risk populations.

Design.—

Supplemental questions regarding TT-CMV and CMV disease mitigation were added to a College of American Pathologists Transfusion Medicine (Comprehensive) Participant Survey in 2015, addressing whether a given institution provided CMV-safe products for 6 at-risk patient populations.

Results.—

Ninety percent (2712 of 3032) of institutions reported providing universally leukoreduced blood products. Among institutions without universal leukoreduction, 92% (295 of 320) provided leukoreduced products on the basis of clinical criteria. Eighty-three percent (2481 of 3004) of respondents reported having availability of CMV-seronegative products; however, wide variation in policies was reported governing CMV-seronegative product use. Among all respondents, less than 5% reported using CMV prophylaxis and monitoring in high-risk patient groups. Transplant centers reported higher rates of CMV prophylaxis (25% [97 of 394] solid organ) and monitoring (15% [59 of 394] solid organ) for CMV-negative transplant recipients.

Conclusions.—

Universal leukoreduction is the primary strategy for mitigating TT-CMV. While most institutions have both CMV-seronegative and leukoreduced blood products available, consensus is lacking on which patients should receive these products. High-quality studies are needed to determine if CMV-seronegative and leukoreduced blood products are needed in high-risk patient populations.
Analyzing Diabetes Datasets using Data Mining
Authors: Saman Hina  , Anita Shaikh  , Sohail Abul Sattar
Published: August 2017

Data mining techniques explore critical information in various domains (for example in CRM (customer relationship management), HR (Human Resource), GIS (Geographic Information System) etc.) but most importantly in medical domain. In medical domain, data mining can assist in minimizing the risk of developing some stereotyped diseases such as cancer, heart diseases, diabetes etc. In this paper, authors have focused data of Diabetic patients. Diabetic patient’s body lacks ability to manage the glucose level in blood which can affect the other body mechanism. This can lead to the dysfunctioning of other physiological and psychological parameters such as reduced weight, skin folding. These parameters may be a valuable data source for the research. Diabetes mellitus placed 4th among Noncommunicable diseases-NCDs, caused 1.5 million global deaths each year worldwide [1]. The increase in digital information has elevated numerous challenges especially when it comes to automated content analysis and to make use of some machine learning techniques to aid mankind for predicting the non-communicable diseases like diabetics. . In this research different classifying algorithms such as Naïve bayes, MLP, J.48, ZeroR, Random Forest, and Regression were applied to depict the result. The conducted research aims to extract knowledge from the given set of data and to generate comprehensive and intelligent results.
FROST-RESISTANT RUBBER ON BASE OF COMBINATION OF BUTADIENE-NITRILE AND HYDRIN RUBBERS
Authors: Ushmarin Nikolay F. , Egorov Evgeniy N. , Kol'tsov Nikolay I.
Published: August 2017

The influence of hydrin rubbers on the plastic-elastic, rheometric, physical-mechanical properties and frost resistance of oil-and-petrol resistant rubber mixture of B-14 type was studied. The study was carried out with the purpose of selecting the composition of the rubber mixture, which is resistant to low temperatures and has increased operational properties. The composition of the test rubber mixture with a sulfur vulcanization system consisted of butadiene-nitrile rubber BNKS-18AMN (copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile) and hydrin rubbers T-3000 and T-6000 (copolymers of epichlorohydrin, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and allyl glycidyl ether), diphenylguanidine, zinc oxide, Agidol-2, technical carbon P 803, dibutyl sebacate and other ingredients. Rubber mixture was prepared by mixing caoutchoucs with ingredients on lab rolls LB 320 150/150. For the rubber mixture variants, the elastomeric properties on the viscosimeter MV 3000 and the vulcanization characteristics on the rheometer MDR 3000 of firm «Mon Tech» were investigated. The rubber mixture was vulcanized in a two-storey hydraulic electrically heated press VP-400-2E at a temperature of 150 °C for 40 min. Studies of the elastic-strength properties of rubber were carried out in accordance with the standards existing for the rubber industry. The frost resistance of rubber was investigated by determining the temperature limit of brittleness and by of method differential scanning calorimetry. The study of thermo-aggression resistance of vulcanizates was carried out by determining the change in their elastic-strength properties after prolonged thermal exposure to air and standard liquid SZHR-1, as well as changes in volume and mass after aging in technical oil AMG-10. As a result of the research it was established that the rubber mixture based on the combination of BNKS-18AMN and T-6000 rubbers can be used for the manufacture of frost-resistant rubber products and sealing elements for oil and gas industries that can work at elevated temperatures with improved elastic-strength and operational properties.Forcitation:Ushmarin N.F., Egorov E.N., Koltsov N.I. Frost-resistant rubber on base of combination of butadiene-nitrile and hydrin rubbers. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 8. P. 60-64.
INFLUENCE OF ELECTRIC FIELD ON ADHESION AND STRUCTURE OF CONDUCTING FILMS ON DIELECTRIC SUBSTANCES
Authors: Pshchelko Nikolai S. , Vodkailo Ekaterina G. , Tomaev Vladimir V. , Klimenkov Boris D. , Koshevoi Veniamin L. , Belоrus Anton O.
Published: August 2017

Some results are provided confirming that modifying of the zinc films fabricated on glass substrates by a resulting effect of heat treatment in an atmosphere of dry air and action of cross electric field is possible. Using scanning electron microscopy (measured with the Zeiss Merlin microscope) the surface morphology of the films was studied. Also, the elemental composition of the films by micro-X-ray spectral analysis was studied. On the glass substrates, by the method of vacuum thermal evaporation, zinc films (Zn) with thickness of ~ 500 nm were obtained. In order to form ZnO films, the original films were treated at 250 °C in a dry air atmosphere, and in another case - in addition to the sample a transverse electric field with a potential of 300 V was applied. Platinum films on the silicon dioxide layer were obtained using the method of the ion-plasma sputtering. These layers were investigated by X-ray phase analysis, electron and atomic force microscopy. The thickness of platinum layers was 50 and 100 nm. During the deposition (deposition temperature – 300 °C, deposition rate - 5 nm / min), applied voltage between the platinum film and the silicon plate was 5 V. The films, obtained by applying a biasing, showed a more homogeneous fine-grained structure and a higher rate of growth than the original samples.  In this way ZnO films can be manufactured with the extended surface. The possibility of significant changes caused by electric field use in adhesion, structure and conductive properties of the coatings is discussed. The method of depositing platinum on a dielectric substrate with an additional electrostatic field is also substantiated. It is shown that the application of an electric voltage to the film leads to a significant change in the structure of the resulting coating.Forcitation:Pshchelko N.S., Vodkailo E.G., Tomaev V.V., Klimenkov B.D., Koshevoi V.L., Belorus A.O. Influence of electric field on adhesion and structure of conducting films on dielectric substances. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 8. P. 100-104.
Contents
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: August 2017

No abstract.
"Wir laden Sie ein!" - "Jetzt anmelden!" Zur Spannweite von Instruktionen in Werbebriefen
Authors: Nielsen Martin
Published: August 2017

Instructive texts are an inclusive term for a wide range of action initiating texts, i.e. texts where the action is being initiated through the text (e.g. in a sales letter, Nielsen 2003a: 66), and action commanding texts, i.e. texts where an action which the receiver wanted to execute anyway is being instructed (e.g. instructions, Reiß 1983: 17). Since sales letters are action-initiating and thus as a text genre constituting feature contain directive speech acts (Searle 1969, 1976, Wagner 2001, Nielsen 2006), they are per definition face-threatening (Brown/ Levinson 1978, Nielsen 2006). The communication configuration is asymmetric and the power relationship skewed: On the one hand, the sender wants something from the receiver although not entitled to claim that because of the power relations. On the other hand, the action that the receiver is requested to do might very well be in the interest of the receiver. On that background it seems natural that there is a wide range in the realization of instructions in sales letters: from the euphemistic „We invite you!“ to the completely unhidden, almost rude „Register now!“ This article sets out to describe and explore this range on the basis of authentic Danish and German sales letters and to make an attempt at a first tentative classification of politeness strategies that soften the face-threatening speech acts of those instructions.
Iconicity in instructional texts
Authors: Koch Wolfgang
Published: August 2017

Diagrammatic iconicity is usually investigated at the surface syntactic level of texts. In this paper, I try to show that a meaningful concept of iconicity cannot be found on this level in non-trivial instructional texts. Instead, we have to dive deeper into semantic and conceptual structure. I present a model of Conceptual Structure that can cope with the demands that understanding an instructional text puts on the reader, and after analyzing a concrete text (a cooking recipe), I show that the concept of control structure is of essential importance for the description of the mapping between a conceptual model and a text. Control structures can be expressed explicitly through linguistic means or be inherent to the semantics of lexical predicates. In both cases, the presence of a dynamic conceptual model is necessary in order to establish iconicity relations between the text and the underlying mental representation.
Instruktionen als Teil der Serviceleistung 'Problemlösung' oder: Von der Schwierigkeit, Kunden zum Instruieren zu instruiren
Authors: Henk Christina
Published: August 2017

This article deals with instructions as a part of the service ‘problem solving’ and shows the difficulties in instructing customers to instruct.I define service as an additional contribution to a product provided to achieve customer loaylty. Every service contains a communicative part which differs in size and can either have a direct or a supportive function.For the analysis of instructions in the service ‘problem solving’, I use the survey for my doctoral thesis about ‘written servicecommunication’. I cooperated with a company producing tools for the textile industry. The survey includes interviews with and work observations of service employees and questionnaires which were sent to clients.The service ‘problem solving’ shows three kinds of instructions, one of them going from client to service employee, the other two going from service employee to client. Difficulties with the service ‘problem solving’ are mainly founded in failures of these instructions. Several communicative elements turn out to be possible disturbing or success factors for the service and methods of resolution are parts of communication studies (e.g. politeness).Thus, this article shows service communication as an interesting field of research for communication studies and applied linguistics.
Metapragmatic First-Order Politeness in Peninsular Spanish
Authors: Ardila J. A. G.
Published: August 2017

Research on Spanish politeness has developed dramatically in the past decade. One of the most inﬂuential theses regarding Spanish politeness was posited by Hickey (1991), who, in comparing Spanish to English, concluded that Peninsular Spanish has a positive politeness model. Subsequently, a number of linguists have further compared politeness in Spain to politeness in Britain. In analysing countless samples of expressive politeness (i.e. requests, apologies, terms of address, etc.), these authors have come to the conclusion that positive politeness predominates in Spain. However, such critical tendencies ignore the latest trends in politeness studies: one year after the publication of Hickey´s (1991) essay, Watts et al. (1992) vindicated the need to discern ﬁrst-order politeness from second-order politeness, and put forward the relevance of metapragmatic discussions of politeness. Descriptivist assessments of Spanish politeness prevent linguists from attempting a metapragmatic methodology that help to determine where Spanish speakers stand in the politeness-impoliteness continuum. Nonetheless, current research on general politeness studies clearly envisages that this is a task that Spanish linguistics will need to fulﬁl in the long run. This paper offers a metapragmatic examination of linguistic politeness in Spain, based on the data obtained from 100 informants in Extremadura, aged 14 to 20. The information drawn from the survey indicates that, whilst the informants are fully aware of the politeness norms they have been taught by their parents and teachers, their linguistic performance seldom abides by such parameters.
First Steps towards Multimodal Functional Concordancing
Authors: Coccetta Francesca
Published: August 2017

The development of the MCA (Multimodal Corpus Authoring System, Baldry 2005, Baldry/Beltrami 2005) online corpus construction and concordancing system, capable of investigating a variety of multimodal texts without denuding them of their distinguishing features, has led to extensive research on the integration of multimodal corpora, and multimodal concordancing in particular, into university syllabuses in the past few years (Baldry et al. 2005, Grunther 2005, Ackerley/Coccetta 2007b, Baldry 2007, in press, Grunther 2007, Coccetta in press, Dalziel/Metelli in press). This article describes a pilot project set up at the University of Padua (Coccetta 2004) which through the use of the MCA system made a small corpus of ﬁlm texts, the English Language Learning Oriented (ELLO) ﬁlm corpus, more easily accessible to language learners and allowed them to investigate: a) how a speciﬁc language function (van Ek/Trim 1998a, 1998b, 2001) is enacted by a set of different language forms and b) the ways in which the various manifestations of this function perform in relation to the multimodal co-text in which they are produced. In so doing, it illustrates some of the beneﬁts this approach brings to language learning and gives examples of teaching materials based on the ELLO ﬁlm corpus which are designed to promote language learners’ communicative competence.
Multimodal Communication óf Specialized Knowledge across Hypertext Innovation and Generic Tradition
Authors: Maier Carmen Daniela
Published: August 2017

As more and more educators try to employ interactive texts in the educational process, investigation of how knowledge communication takes place in hypertext becomes increasingly signiﬁ cant. Drawing on a multimodal theoretical framework, this paper explores knowledge communication in interactive texts from the Volcano World website (http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/Online/index.html). The analytical focus is ﬁrst on how specialized knowledge is multimodally constructed inside the generic framework of traditional lessons through different types of interactive exchanges and across several semiotic modes. Second, the analysis discusses how the linear reading path imposed by the generic structure of traditional lessons is disrupted by hypertext’s meaning-making pathways. The paper concludes that the stable generic structure of lessons combined with the openness of hyperlinks can be and, to some extent, is being exploited in websites like Volcano World to enhance the process of progressively acquiring, producing and exchanging specialized knowledge across several semiotic modes. By detecting the kind of meaning-making structures that can be established when communicating specialized knowledge in a hypertext environment, educators can continuously adapt online interactive texts to accommodate students accustomed to complex interactive activities and eager to get to grips with them.
Negociación y el manejo de riesgos
Authors: Grindsted Anette
Published: August 2017

The article defends the position that it is the construction of interpersonal relations that determines the zone of possible agreements in a negotiation rather than ‘economic’ considerations. It is assumed that negotiation is a communicative activity that implies risk and that to be able to initiate negotiations it is a precondition that a certain degree of trust has been established between the parties. Two different ways of conceptualizing trust are described, and two e-mail negotiations that give empirical support to these conceptualizations are analyzed. One reaches a dead-lock, the other does not.
GRATITUDE ET BIEN-ÊTRE SOCIAL : MÉCANISMES EXPLICATIFS DES EFFETS DE LA GRATITUDE SUR LE BIEN-ÊTRE INDIVIDUEL ET COLLECTIF
Authors: Shankland Rébecca , André Christophe
Published: August 2017

La gratitude a été définie comme une émotion sociale agréable qui génère de nombreuses conséquences positives sur la santé physique, mentale et sociale par le biais d’une augmentation de la capacité à apprécier les expériences, à percevoir des bénéfices même en cas d’adversité, et à développer, maintenir et améliorer les relations sociales. Toutefois, loin d’être un état dont les effets ne bénéficieraient qu’à l’individu, la gratitude engendre également des effets bénéfiques pour autrui, notamment par le biais de son expression : l’expression de gratitude génère un sentiment d’utilité et de valeur sociale chez l’interlocuteur, augmentant par-là le bien-être psychologique. Au-delà du simple effet de contagion émotionnelle, la gratitude entraîne une amélioration réciproque des relations, ce qui favorise le maintien ou l’amélioration des relations sociales constructives, auxquelles le bien-être est étroitement lié. Les mécanismes explicatifs des liens entre gratitude et bien-être individuel et collectif sont présentés, ainsi que des perspectives de recherche et d’applications pratiques.
LA VIE DE COUPLE ET LE BONHEUR
Authors: Bouffard Léandre
Published: August 2017

Le présent essai a pour objectif de donner un aperçu – non pas une revue exhaustive – des résultats de recherche sur l’association couple – bonheur. Il existe une corrélation universelle et présente à toutes les périodes de la vie. De plus, il apparaît que la relation maritale doit être nourrie et qu’elle doit évoluer pour durer. Les résultats appuient également l’idée qu’il faut un certain temps pour que se dissipe l’effet du mariage, du divorce et du veuvage. Enfin, des études récentes font état d’une relation négative entre la cohabitation et le bonheur, mais les résultats ne sont pas concluants. En conclusion, il est suggéré d’effectuer un important travail d’éducation auprès des jeunes qui abordent la vie de couple sans préparation. Il y aurait lieu de poursuivre la recherche sur la cohabitation, particulièrement dans la société québécoise.
LES MÉDIAS SOCIAUX ET LE BONHEUR : LE CAS DE FACEBOOK
Authors: Verduyn Philippe , Ybarra Oscar , Résibois Maxime , Jonides John , Kross Ethan , Croteau Mariève
Published: August 2017

Les réseaux sociaux ont rapidement changé la façon dont les gens interagissent entre eux. Le réseau social le plus populaire est Facebook, avec un nombre croissant de personnes qui consacrent de plus en plus de temps sur ce site chaque jour. Dans cet article, nous discutons de l’impact de l’utilisation de Facebook sur le bonheur. La revue de littérature révèle que le bonheur serait influencé différemment selon une utilisation passive ou active de Facebook. L’utilisation active de Facebook stimule le capital social et le sentiment de connexion, qui, à leur tour, ont un impact positif sur le bonheur. L’utilisation passive de Facebook mène souvent à une hausse de la comparaison sociale et de l’envie, qui, à leur tour, ont un impact négatif sur le bonheur. Les gens sont en général plus passifs qu’actifs sur Facebook et ainsi, leur utilisation du site tend à diminuer plutôt qu’à augmenter leur bonheur. Nous terminons cet article en discutant de pistes de recherches futures.
POUR UNE POLITIQUE DU BONHEUR INSPIRÉE DE LA PSYCHOLOGIE POSITIVE
Authors: Lecomte Jacques
Published: August 2017

Cet article comporte deux grandes parties. D’une part, relativement au débat entre psychologues hédonistes et eudémonistes, il propose une réconciliation de ces deux perspectives en considérant que le bonheur comporte à la fois du sens et du bien-être. D’autre part, il propose une politique du bonheur, en l’exemplifiant dans trois domaines : l’enseignement, la justice et le monde du travail.
High incidence of cervical ribs indicates vulnerable condition in Late Pleistocene woolly rhinoceroses
Authors: van der Geer Alexandra A.E. , Galis Frietson
Published: August 2017

Mammals as a rule have seven cervical vertebrae, a number that remains remarkably constant. Changes of this number are associated with major congenital abnormalities (pleiotropic effects) that are, at least in humans, strongly selected against. Recently, it was found that Late Pleistocene mammoths (Mammuthus primigenius) from the North Sea have an unusually high incidence of abnormal cervical vertebral numbers, approximately ten times higher than that of extant elephants. Abnormal numbers were due to the presence of large cervical ribs on the seventh vertebra, indicating a homeotic change from a cervical rib-less vertebra into a thoracic rib-bearing vertebra. The high incidence of cervical ribs indicates a vulnerable condition and is thought to be due to inbreeding and adverse conditions that may have impacted early pregnancies in declining populations. In this study we investigated the incidence of cervical ribs in another extinct Late Pleistocene megaherbivore from the North Sea and the Netherlands, the woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis). We show that the incidence of abnormal cervical vertebral numbers in the woolly rhinoceros is unusually high for mammals (15,6%,n = 32) and much higher than in extant Rhinoceratidae (0%,n = 56). This indicates that woolly rhinoceros lived under vulnerable conditions, just like woolly mammoths. The vulnerable condition may well have contributed to their eventual extinction.
Dinosaur origin of egg color: oviraptors laid blue-green eggs
Authors: Wiemann Jasmina , Yang Tzu-Ruei , Sander Philipp N. , Schneider Marion , Engeser Marianne , Kath-Schorr Stephanie , Müller Christa E. , Sander P. Martin
Published: August 2017

Protoporphyrin (PP) and biliverdin (BV) give rise to the enormous diversity in avian egg coloration. Egg color serves several ecological purposes, including post-mating signaling and camouflage. Egg camouflage represents a major character of open-nesting birds which accomplish protection of their unhatched offspring against visually oriented predators by cryptic egg coloration. Cryptic coloration evolved to match the predominant shades of color found in the nesting environment. Such a selection pressure for the evolution of colored or cryptic eggs should be present in all open nesting birds and relatives. Many birds are open-nesting, but protect their eggs by continuous brooding, and thus exhibit no or minimal eggshell pigmentation. Their closest extant relatives, crocodiles, protect their eggs by burial and have unpigmented eggs. This phylogenetic pattern led to the assumption that colored eggs evolved within crown birds. The mosaic evolution of supposedly avian traits in non-avian theropod dinosaurs, however, such as the supposed evolution of partially open nesting behavior in oviraptorids, argues against this long-established theory. Using a double-checking liquid chromatography ESI-Q-TOF mass spectrometry routine, we traced the origin of colored eggs to their non-avian dinosaur ancestors by providing the first record of the avian eggshell pigments protoporphyrin and biliverdin in the eggshells of Late Cretaceous oviraptorid dinosaurs. The eggshell parataxonMacroolithus yaotunensiscan be assigned to the oviraptorHeyuannia huangibased on exceptionally preserved, late developmental stage embryo remains. The analyzed eggshells are from three Late Cretaceous fluvial deposits ranging from eastern to southernmost China. Reevaluation of these taphonomic settings, and a consideration of patterns in the porosity of completely preserved eggs support an at least partially open nesting behavior for oviraptorosaurs. Such a nest arrangement corresponds with our reconstruction of blue-green eggs for oviraptors. According to the sexual signaling hypothesis, the reconstructed blue-green eggs support the origin of previously hypothesized avian paternal care in oviraptorid dinosaurs. Preserved dinosaur egg color not only pushes the current limits of the vertebrate molecular and associated soft tissue fossil record, but also provides a perspective on the potential application of this unexplored paleontological resource.
Relying on known or exploring for new? Movement patterns and reproductive resource use in a tadpole-transporting frog
Authors: Beck Kristina B. , Loretto Matthias-Claudio , Ringler Max , Hödl Walter , Pašukonis Andrius
Published: August 2017

Animals relying on uncertain, ephemeral and patchy resources have to regularly update their information about profitable sites. For many tropical amphibians, widespread, scattered breeding pools constitute such fluctuating resources. Among tropical amphibians, poison frogs (Dendrobatidae) exhibit some of the most complex spatial and parental behaviors—including territoriality and tadpole transport from terrestrial clutches to ephemeral aquatic deposition sites. Recent studies have revealed that poison frogs rely on spatial memory to successfully navigate through their environment. This raises the question of when and how these frogs gain information about the area and suitable reproductive resources. To investigate the spatial patterns of pool use and to reveal potential explorative behavior, we used telemetry to follow males of the territorial dendrobatid frogAllobates femoralisduring tadpole transport and subsequent homing. To elicit exploration, we reduced resource availability experimentally by simulating desiccated deposition sites. We found that tadpole transport is strongly directed towards known deposition sites and that frogs take similar direct paths when returning to their home territory. Frogs move faster during tadpole transport than when homing after the deposition, which probably reflects different risks and costs during these two movement phases. We found no evidence for exploration, neither during transport nor homing, and independent of the availability of deposition sites. We suggest that prospecting during tadpole transport is too risky for the transported offspring as well as for the transporting male. Relying on spatial memory of multiple previously discovered pools appears to be the predominant and successful strategy for the exploitation of reproductive resources inA. femoralis. Our study provides for the first time a detailed description of poison frog movement patterns during tadpole transport and corroborates recent findings on the significance of spatial memory in poison frogs. When these frogs explore and discover new reproductive resources remains unknown.
The International Thylacine Specimen Database (6th Revision - Project Summary & Final Report).
Authors: Sleightholme Stephen R. , Campbell Cameron R.
Published: August 2017

The International Thylacine Specimen Database (ITSD) is the culmination of a major cooperative effort between museums and universities that hold specimens of the thylacine ( Thylacinus cynocephalus ), to produce the first comprehensive study of all that is known to physically remain of this unique species. The ITSD was first published in April 2005 as a digital resource on CD-ROM. It was subsequently revised in 2006 (2nd rev.), 2009 (3rd rev.), 2011 (4th rev.) and 2013 (5th rev.) The sixth revision (2017) will be accessible as an online resource and currently totals some 6.09GB of data and images. This paper details its findings, describes the specimen types, and gives a brief review of the sources of many of the specimens and the collectors who collected them.
Doutorado em Besteirologia: O Uso do Riso como Instrumento Terapêutico
Authors: Prestes Vanessa Amaral
Published: August 2017

O presente exercício fotoetnográfico foi realizado em 2014 com o grupo de estudantes que trabalham no Programa de Extensão “Palha-assada” da Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre. Durante a pesquisa, foram acompanhadas as visitas dos doutores-palhaços aos hospitais da cidade e também a capacitação prévia obrigatória (chamada por eles de “Doutorado em besteirologia”). Tal preparação ocorre em um semestre e objetiva desenvolver, nos voluntários, a capacidade de improviso e, também, orientá-los sobre a importância da segurança e dos cuidados que envolvem o ambiente hospitalar. Após receber seu diploma de doutor-palhaço, o voluntário passa a fazer parte do dia a dia das enfermarias, utilizando a figura do palhaço como um “besteirologista”, concentrando-se na construção de uma relação lúdica com as crianças, além de conquistar abertura para novas experiências, o prazer de se sentir útil, a criação de novos vínculos de pertencimento e a afirmação do sentido comunitário, tudo isso brincando e harmonizando-se com seu semelhante.