bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in the Association Between Obesity and Hypertension: A Systematic Review
Authors: Oliaei Ava
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Obesity is associated with multiple health-related complications, which together can decrease quality of life, disability-adjusted life years and life expectancy.1 Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have demonstrated that sex can influence the association between obesity and health complications, such as rheumatoid arthritis and many types of cancer.2-4 However, no systematic review or meta-analysis has been conducted to review the effect of sex on the association between obesity and hypertension, thus far. Knowing whether or not sex influences this relationship can help tailor the prevention, prediction, and care of this condition towards each sex. 
 
Objectives: To evaluate current studies on the association between sex, obesity, and hypertension, so as to obtain an overall estimate of the effect of sex on the prevalence of hypertension in obese individuals.  
 
Methods: A systematic search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PubMed was conducted. Search terms, such as “obesity,” “sex differences,” and “hypertension,” were used to filter results. After reviewing 406 articles, eight articles were included. 
 
Results: Four articles showed that obese women were at a greater risk of developing hypertension than obese men.5-8 Conversely, the results of two studies found that obese men are at a greater risk of developing hypertension.9,10 The remaining two studies showed that the difference between the sexes was insignificant.11,12  
 
Discussion/Limitations: Stronger evidence shows that obese women are at a greater risk of developing hypertension than obese men. The two studies that had contradictory conclusions had small sample sizes relative to the other studies. Additionally, the two studies that concluded that both sexes are at a similar risk highlighted that most other studies have determined that obese women are at a greater risk and that their limitations may have caused this discrepancy. Limitations of this review include the limited ethnicity of participants and the use of BMI to classify obesity, which can sometimes lead to misclassification due to varying muscle to fat ratios. These factors limit the generalizability of the results.  
 
Conclusion: Obese women are seemingly at a greater risk of developing hypertension than obese men. However, this conclusion remains statistically inconclusive. Therefore, it would be beneficial to complete a meta-analysis in order to conclusively determine which sex is statistically more at risk of developing hypertension, when obese.
Tercera Misión en las Universidades Públicas Estatales en México: Una aproximación a través de la metodología ACP-DEA
Authors: Gonzalez Maribel , Zázquez Rojas Angélica María , Quezada Quezada José Carlos , Coronado Meneses Myriam
Published: April 2021

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo medir la eficiencia técnica de las Universidades Públicas Estatales (UPES) en México respecto a su Tercera Misión. Para esto, se emplea la metodología de análisis de componentes principales y el análisis envolvente de datos (ACP-DEA), donde el ACP sirve para reducir el número de variablesimproductivas y el DEA sirve para medir la eficiencia. Los resultados muestran que cuando se emplea el total de outputs al mismo tiempo, 13 UPES son eficientes; mientras que cuando se mide por dimensión, innovación es la que aparece con un número mayor de UPES eficientes, caso contrario para las dimensiones emprendimiento y compromiso social.
Surface Water Quality Regulation as a Driver for Groundwater Recharge
Authors: Nylen Nell Green
Published: April 2021

Water scarcity commonly motivates managed aquifer recharge projects, but other factors can motivate recharge efforts, including in relatively water-rich areas. Surface water quality regulation has been a major driving force behind a large-scale recharge project in development in Virginia’s Coastal Plain region, where nutrient pollution from agricultural and urban sources has degraded the Chesapeake Bay’s ecosystems, leading state and federal regulators to require dischargers to reduce their nutrient contributions to the watershed over time. Hampton Roads Sanitation District is pursuing the Sustainable Water Initiative for Tomorrow, an innovative, multi-benefit initiative designed to address both nutrient pollution in the Chesapeake Bay watershed and regional groundwater overdraft in the Coastal Plain. When fully implemented, the initiative is expected to recharge approximately 100 million gallons per day of drinking-water quality, treated municipal wastewater into the Potomac Aquifer System through injection facilities located at five of the District’s wastewater treatment plants. As a result, the District expects to reduce its nutrient discharges from those plants by approximately 90%, enabling it to meet its own mandated nutrient limits while also generating nutrient credits that it can trade to other dischargers. Modeling suggests that the initiative will increase regional water pressure within the confined aquifer system, helping to combat groundwater overdraft and its negative impacts, including aquifer compaction and related land subsidence, falling water levels in wells, and saltwater intrusion. This case study provides insights into the influence of institutional context on managed aquifer recharge and on multi-benefit water resource projects more generally.
An Urban Drought Reserve Enabled by State Groundwater Recharge Legislation
Authors: Miller Kathleen , Burson Madison , Kiparsky Michael
Published: April 2021

For decades, the city of Albuquerque, NM, relied solely on groundwater for its municipal water supply. However, concerns about long-term sustainability of its local groundwater resources spurred the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority (the Water Authority) to pursue a groundwater recharge project which could serve as a drought reserve for future municipal use. Aided by new favorable state groundwater recharge legislation and funding, the Water Authority developed the Bear Canyon Recharge Project. The project utilizes portions of the Water Authority’s Colorado River water that is unused in a given year, delivering the water to an unlined arroyo channel where it infiltrates into local aquifers. As the first groundwater recharge project successfully implemented in New Mexico, the Bear Canyon Recharge Project required significant local effort to navigate the institutional and regulatory necessities that arose in implementing an onstream recharge project. The project illustrates that state support can be necessary but not sufficient for local implementation of groundwater recharge and points the way for other water utilities in the state who may be looking to implement groundwater recharge projects.
A mutation of the β-domain in POU1F1 causes pituitary deficiency due to dominant PIT-1β expression
Authors: Suzuki Shigeru , Matsuo Kumihiro , Ito Yoshiya , Kobayashi Atsushi , Kokumai Takahide , Furuya Akiko , Ueda Osamu , Mukai Tokuo , Yano Koichi , Fujieda Kenji , Okuno Akimasa , Tanahashi Yusuke , Azuma Hiroshi
Published: April 2021

Background

POU1F1 encodes both PIT-1α, which plays pivotal roles in pituitary development and GH, PRL and TSHB expression, and the alternatively spliced isoform PIT-1β, which contains an insertion of 26-amino acids (β-domain) in the transactivation domain of PIT-1α due to the use of an alternative splice acceptor at the end of the first intron. PIT-1β is expressed at much lower levels than PIT-1α and represses endogenous PIT-1α transcriptional activity. Although POU1F1 mutations lead to combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD), no patients with β-domain mutations have been reported.

Results

Here, we report that a three-generation family exhibited different degrees of CPHD, including growth hormone deficiency with intrafamilial variability of prolactin/TSH insufficiency and unexpected prolactinoma occurrence. The CPHD was due to a novel POU1F1 heterozygous variant (c.143-69T>G) in intron 1 of PIT-1α (RefSeq number NM_000306) or as c.152T>G (p.Ile51Ser) in exon 2 of PIT-1β (NM_001122757). Gene splicing experiments showed that this mutation yielded the PIT-1β transcript without other transcripts. The lymphocyte PIT-1β mRNA expression was significantly higher in the patients with the heterozygous mutation than a control. A luciferase reporter assay revealed that the PIT-1β-Ile51Ser mutant repressed PIT-1α and abolished transactivation capacity for the rat prolactin promoter in GH3 pituitary cells.

Conclusions

We describe, for the first time, that the PIT-1β mutation can cause CPHD through a novel genetic mechanism, such as PIT-1β overexpression, and that POU1F1 mutation might be associated with a prolactinoma. Analysis of new patients and long-term follow-up are needed to clarify the characteristics of PIT-1β mutations.
Beyond Function: Imagination as Semi-Determination
Authors: Sabolius Kristupas
Published: April 2021

The article raises the hypothesis that the activity of imagination cannot be fully described by a functional description. To this end, two positions are analyzed: the philosophy of Cornelius Castoriadis, who emphasizes social imaginary and radical imagination, is juxtaposed with Gilbert Simondon’s theory of cyclic and genetic images. Castoriadis’s consideration reveals the specific character of indeterminacy, found in the work of imagination, which enables the coexistence of contradictions in psyche. Based on this reading I propose to perceive imagination through a semi-deterministic take. Whilst it is also possible to see an effort to overcome functional determination in Simondon’s theory, the latter also offers a way to interpret the imagination beyond the anthropological realm. The image performs as mutual potential between organisms and their milieus, and this relationality is never fully determined, but rather semi-determined. Thus, by providing the tools for rethinking of determination and functionality, the juxtaposition of Castoriadis and Simondon enables to speculate on the need of a possible the concept of sociobiological imagination.
Mandelstam – Planck Polemics and its Representation in the Soviet Scientific Literature: Ideological Metamorphoses
Authors: Pechenkin Alexander
Published: April 2021

The L. I. Mandelstam - M. Planck polemics concerning the theory of dispersion (1907-1908) are taken under consideration. Mandelstam attacked Planck’s theory published in 1904. Planck reacted by publishing a short reply in 1907. Mandelstam was not satisfied and published a paper where he provided a more detailed calculation (1908). Planck criticized his approach again (1908). Mandelstam published two more papers, but Planck did not react to these publications.From a historical point of view it is interesting that in the Soviet scientific literature, Mandelstam’s position was almost unanimously considered to be correct and powerful. The situation changed after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Russian physicists came to treat Planck’s position as the correct one. In this connection, the problem of scientific objectivity arises. The author emphasizes the ideological context of the scientific interpretation of facts. The phenomena of progressivism and introjection are taken under consideration.
Subjective social statuses of the Ukrainians: changes over time (2009–2019)
Authors: Simonchuk Elena
Published: April 2021

The article examines the dynamics of social status self-evaluations of the Ukrainians based on two waves (2009 and 2019) of the Social Inequality module of International Social Survey Programme. Three types of social status self-evaluation in different biographical situations were noted: the current one (at the time of the survey), the retrospective one (of the parents’ family status) and the perspective one (status of oneself in 10 years’ time). They were measured through the respondents’ self-determination of their appropriate status on an imaginary 10-step social ladder. The noticeable changes for the better in the current social status self-evaluations of the Ukrainians are stated, which is visualized in changing the diagram of their distribution from pyramidal shape (where the lower-middle and the lowest positions are the basic ones) to the close to rhombus shape (where the majority is concentrated on the middle levels). The retrospective self-evaluations still demonstrate negative situation: the respondents mostly perceive the social status of parents’ families as higher than their current status. At the same time, the perspective self-evaluations of the Ukrainians are rather optimistic: majority of them hope to significantly increase their own status in the social hierarchy in the next decade. A connection between the class positions (both objectively and subjectively determined) and the status self-evaluations of three kinds was also studied. It is recorded that in both years of the survey this connection remains quite significant and expected in nature. Regarding EGP-classes: representatives of service classes and small owners had significantly higher current, retrospective and prospective self-evaluations than working-class people, primarily unskilled workers and farm labours. Regarding the subjective classes defined by nominal categories (upper middle, middle, lower middle, working, lower class): the higher the subjective class position a person has, the higher he/she evaluates his/her social status.
Multiple factors of poverty in the 21st century. Methodological aspects
Authors: Petrushyna Tetiana
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the sociological understanding of the poverty analysis methodological aspects as a topical social problem of today. Despite the defining poverty eradication as the number one goal in the Millennium Declaration and the priority task of sustainable world development by 2030, numerous scientific/political discussions and practical recommendations for overcoming poverty, it remains one of the most acute socio-economic and moral-ethical problems of humankind. The manifestation of multiple poverty factors — situational, socio-demographic, socio-economic, socio-political, socio-cultural, institutional — only increases the need for a clear understanding of the root causes of the existence and reproduction of this phenomenon. Within capitalism, they consist of abandoning the principles of Keynesianism and the welfare state and the transition to the principles of neoliberalism, which determine the socio-economic essence of the society in today’s globalized world. It is no coincidence that analysts of all the most influential international organizations directly or indirectly recognize that the ineffectiveness of the fight against poverty is a consequence of the existing rules of modern social life. Poverty is an integral part of capitalism, one of the most acute and widespread forms of inequality and injustice inherent in this social order. The multifaceted nature of poverty phenomenon and the variety of approaches to its assessment led to the emergence of a giant thesaurus on these issues (absolute, relative, social, multidimensional poverty etc.). Identifying and assessing poverty, adequately to the complex realities of life, are essential points not only from a cognitive-analytical point of view but also for the elaboration of effective measures to overcome it.
The Revolution of Dignity and instrumentalisation of LGBT rights: How did attitudes towards LGBT people change in Ukraine after Euromaidan?
Authors: Shestakovskyi Oleksii , Kasianczuk Maksym , Trofymenko Olesia
Published: April 2021

The aftermath of Ukraine’s Revolution of Dignity provoked a lot of criticism among the students of LGBT topics. The principles of non-discrimination and protection of LGBT rights are an exemplary manifestation of European values to which Euromaidan declared adherence. The Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union, which was signed after the Revolution, as well as visa-free travel, which was granted to Ukrainian citizens, obliged this country to liberalise LGBT-related laws due to the EUʼs policy on the instrumentalisation of LGBT rights. However, there is a view that this step may cause conflicts in Ukrainian society, which is still predominantly homophobic, and only lead to a superficial change in the condition of LGBT people owing to pressure from the European Union. Some scholars (e.g. Shevtsova [2020], Wannebo [2017]) claim that the instrumentalisation policy has even resulted in a backlash against the LGBT community and worsened the overall situation for them. But has this backlash (if it really happened) entailed a corresponding change in public opinion on LGBT issues? Surprisingly, the dynamics of public attitudes towards the LGBT community and their rights remain unexplored. The paper proposes to fill this gap by a comparative analysis of two cross-sectional surveys on this topic, which were conducted before (in 2013) and after (in 2016) the Revolution of Dignity in several regions of Ukraine. Within the framework of the study, three research questions have been posed: 1. Have Ukrainians’ attitudes towards the LGBT community changed since Euromaidan? 2. How different (e. g. positive) were the attitudes towards LGBT people among Euromaidan supporters? 3. Have the events that happened after the Revolution of Dignity, such as Russia is hybrid war against Ukraine, been able to affect attitudes towards LGBT rights? The results show that there have been modest, albeit statistically significant positive changes in Ukrainians’ attitudes towards the LGBT community since Euromaidan. However, practically no change in terms of support for LGBT rights has been recorded. Our findings are consistent with other relevant nationally representative surveys according to which public perception of LGBT individuals has not worsened. This fact suggests that the instrumentalisation of LGBT rights has not faced any backlash, at least from the general population. Other data in our study indicate that not all proponents of the Revolution of Dignity displayed favourable attitudes towards LGBT people; nevertheless, they held more positive views on the LGBT community and same-sex marriage than those who did not take part in Euromaidan. The respondents who have experienced the impact of the Donbas conflict also demonstrated relatively better attitudes to LGBT individuals and expressed support for their rights. Still, this may be linked to a significant percentage of Euromaidan participants among them.
MODELS OF FORMS OF REPRESENTATION OF LEARNING SETS FOR MULTILEVEL SYSTEMS OF DIAGNOSIS OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT ASSEMBLIES
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Myslovych M.V.
Published: April 2021

The results of consideration of advanced mathematical models of vibration diagnostic signals are given, which take into account both the properties of diagnostic objects and the modes (speed, electric temperature, etc.) in which the object under study operates. Models of representation of training sets corresponding to certain technical states of EO units and which can work in different modes are considered. The method of representation of training sets in the form of a matrix which elements represent scattering ellipses corresponding both to certain kinds of defects of separate knots of EO, and modes of its work is offered. The structure of construction of training sets on a flat (2D) and volume (3D) matrix is ​​substantiated, the elements of which contain sets corresponding to separate units of EA, and their combination forms a separate electrotechnical unit. References 18, figures 5.
Transformation of the institutional environment of a timber enterprise as a factor of social and economic development of the Finno-Ugric region in the 1990-ies
Authors: Kulagin Oleg I.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The article examines the processes of transformation of the institutional environment of the regional timber industry enterprises in Karelia in the 1990s. The aim of the study was to identify the impact of this transformation at the level of socio-economic development of the Republic of Karelia as a Finno-Ugric region with the predominant development of the branches of the timber industry.
Materials and Methods. The research methodology is based on the use of a predominantly institutional approach. Its application makes it possible to trace the changes that occurred in the structure of the institutional environment of regional timber industry enterprises with the beginning of market transformations in the 1990-ies, as well as the degree of effectiveness of the interaction of this enterprise with various economic entities.
Results and Discussion. The analysis of the changes that took place in the first post-Soviet decade in the institutional environment of regional timber industry showed a number of negative aspects. First of all, the role of the state greatly reduced, which was unable to form effective “rules of the game” for the timber economy. The Forest Code adopted in 1997 infringed upon the rights of Karelia as a subject of the Federation, since only a part of the forests could be transferred to the ownership of the Republic. In the current difficult conditions, with the absence of the party and state control departments, and the difficult financial situation of the region, the role of regional authorities in solving the problems of forestry enterprises increased. In the context of spontaneous privatization and the collapse of the financial system, timber industry enterprises faced numerous problems of interaction with suppliers, customers, consumers and banks. This period was the time of the strengthening of the role of foreign companies in the work of timber enterprises. Unfortunately, having received a controlling stake in a number of domestic enterprises, foreign entrepreneurs were in no hurry to invest in their development.
Conclusion. The transformations that took place in the institutional environment of the regional forestry enterprises in the 1990-ies negatively affected the level of the socio-economic development of Finno-Ugric region, based on the development of branches of the timber industry complex.
Previsão da concentração de material particulado inalável, através de modelos estatísticos de séries temporais para o município de Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Tibulo Cleiton , Ferraz Simone Erotildes Teleginski , Tibulo Vaneza De Carli , Zanini Roselaine Ruviaro , Boiaski Nathalie Tissot
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo modelar e prever a concentração de Material Particulado Inalável (PM10), a fim de analisar a capacidade preditiva dos modelos de séries temporais: ARMAX, ARIMA, Alisamento Exponencial Simples, Biparamétrico e Holt-Winters. Os dados que compõem as séries analisadas pertencem a Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental (FEPAM), referente ao município de Canoas-RS, no ano de 2014. Os modelos foram ajustados com auxílio do software RStudio. Como resultados, constatou-se que o modelo ARMAX, com a inclusão de variáveis exógenas (Monóxido de carbono (CO) e Dióxido de enxofre (SO2)), produziu melhores resultados de previsão em relação aos seus concorrentes para a variável PM10. Também, verificou-se que modelos de séries temporais da Classe ARMA e ARMAX podem ser utilizados para previsão da PM10, entretanto os modelos da classe de Alisamento Exponencial não são recomendados, pois não se ajustaram adequadamente as séries em estudo.
Palavras-chave: Poluição; previsão; séries temporais.
Estimates of Functions with Transformed Double Fourier Series
Authors: Simonov Boris V.
Published: April 2021

The paper provides a detailed study of inequalities of complete moduli of smoothness of functions with transformed Fourier series by moduli of smoothness of initial functions. Upper and lower estimates of the norms and best approximations of the functions with transformed Fourier series by the best approximations of initial functions are also obtained.
A Note on Weakly 𐒎 -Subgroups
Authors: Li Changwen
Published: April 2021

The major aim of the note is to give new brief proofs of the results in the paper “The influence of weakly H -subgroups on the structure of finite groups” [Studia Scientiarum Mathematicarum Hungarica, 51 (1), 27–40 (2014)].
Automorphisms of Finite Order of Soluble Groups of Finite Rank
Authors: Wehrfritz Bertram A. F.
Published: April 2021

We study the effect on sections of a soluble-by-finite group G of finite rank of an almost fixed-point-free automorphism φ of G of finite order. We also elucidate the structure of G if φ has order 4 and if G is also (torsion-free)-by-finite. The latter extends recent work of Xu, Zhou and Liu.
Exceptional Set in Waring–Goldbach Problem Involving Squares, Cubes and Sixth Powers
Authors: Li Jinjiang , Zhang Min , Zhao Haonan
Published: April 2021

Let N be a sufficiently large integer. In this paper, it is proved that, with at most O(N 119/270+s) exceptions, all even positive integers up to N can be represented in the form

where p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6 are prime numbers.
Acrolejeunea Aulacophora (Marchantiophyta), New to Asia from the Western Ghats
Authors: Daniels A. E. D.
Published: April 2021

Acrolejeunea aulacophora (Mont.) Steph. is recorded for the first time in Asia. It was earlier known from Africa, Australia and New Caledonia. A detailed description with figures and a photographic plate is provided.
Two New Species of Lichenicolous Fungus Sclerococcum (Dactylosporaceae, Sclerococcales) from India
Authors: Joshi Y.
Published: April 2021

Two new species ofSclerococcum, viz.S. dendriscostictaeandS. physciae, colonising members ofDendriscosticta, PhysciaandSticta, are described from Uttarakhand and Andhra Pradesh states of India, respectively.S. dendriscostictaecolonising the host thallus as well as apothecial disc ofDendriscostictaandStictaspecies is generally characterised by its small sized (0.1–0.4 mm) black apothecia, hyaline hymenium, paraphyses without dark apical caps, asci 8-spored, ascospores ellipsoid, hyaline at immature stage and brown at maturity, 1-septate, smooth walled, 9–10–11(–12) × (3–)3.8–5–6.1(–7) µm, whileS. physciaecolonising thallus ofPhysciasp. is characterised by black, rounded to irregular sporodochia (40–100 µm diam.) having ellipsoid or angular, medium to dark brown, mostly simple, rarely 1-septate conidia [(5–)7.5–10–11.7(–14) × (4–)4.7–5.8–6.9(–7) µm]. A key to known Indian taxa is also being provided.
Chemical safety as a component of general and professional competences in training of future doctors
Authors: Ishchenko Alla
Published: April 2021

The study analyzes the content of international (project "Harmonization of educational structures in Europe") and Ukrainian (industry standard of higher education field of knowledge 22 "Health Protection", specialty 222 "Medicine") legal documents of training future doctors in the context of modern ideas on chemical safety. The components of chemical safety are identified: understanding of the chemical factor as an integral danger to human health; knowledge of methods of labeling chemicals and products; compliance with the rules and safety measures for working with chemical products throughout the life cycle. The content of the main professional competencies of the second level of medical education of the project "Harmonization of educational structures in Europe", which are related to the application of chemical safety issues in the future professional activity of the future doctor: to consult with the patient; provide emergency medical care in emergencies; apply the principles, skills and knowledge of evidence-based medicine; promote health, to address public health issues and work effectively in the health care system, is revealed.

The general and professional competencies of the future doctor in the field of chemical safety, which are stated in the industry standard of higher education in the field of knowledge 22 "Health Protection ", specialty 222 "Medicine", are established: desire to preserve the environment; ability to carry out sanitary and hygienic and preventive measures; ability to conduct epidemiological and medical-statistical studies of public health; ability to assess the impact of the environment on the health of the population (individual, family, population); ability to implement resource efficiency activities
Educational activities of the international Carpathian school in the context of sustainable development goals
Authors: Mykhaylenko Valeriy , Blyzniuk Mykola
Published: April 2021

International Carpathian School is a fast-growing volunteer project in Kosiv, Ivano-Frankivsk region, Ukraine, designed as a local centre of non-formal education to address youth adaptation to the globalized world. It intended to overcome the existing gaps in the education of socially conscious youth, finding optimal ways of skill-sharing activities to local communities. Among others, the school is oriented for delivering knowledge, skills and attitudes of the EU best practices in the field of municipal solid waste management (MSWM). In a broader meaning, the Carpathian School Agenda serves for the environmental protection of the vulnerable mountain landscapes to meet the Sustainable Development Goals Ukraine-2030 (hereof and after SDG), entered in force by the Decree of the President of Ukraine in order to ensure the national interests of Ukraine in relation to sustainable economic development [1]. The School activity is aligned with both SDG-4 "Quality education" and SDG-11 "Sustainable cities and communities". It has an interdisciplinary approach to learning where academic concepts of geoscience are coupled with real-world lessons. Carpathian Winter School hosted researches from Ukraine, Georgia and Armenia together with five educational entities from Baltic Sea Region (BSR). Scholars were exposed to a cross-cultural experience that facilitates connections between the classroom and the world around them. Simultaneously, the School is providing a prospect to local scientists in maintaining professional links with their foreign colleagues and obtaining hands-on scientific information on MSWM. Having a central geographical position and well-developed informal tuition activities, the Carpathian School may have a good chance to become a placement for students’ mobility, people-to-people contacts and promoting youth employability that is coherent with The Eastern Partnership (EaP) policy [2]. The educational project of the Swedish Institute LASUWAMA [3], which was considered at the Carpathian Winter School, combined researchers from Ukraine, Georgia and Armenia with five educational institutions of the Baltic Sea region. Representatives of EU universities, involved in the development of educational programs, provided the relevant knowledge and skills, needed to students for gaining an in-depth understanding of the sustainable development concept [4], including, inter alia, access to further vocational training in EU countries
Sistemas Públicos Universais de Saúde e a experiência cubana em face da Pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Resende Carvalho Sérgio , Rocha Santos Padilha Alexandre , Freitas de Oliveira Cathana , Modolo Paschoalotte Leandro , Tenório Cunha Gustavo
Published: April 2021

No contexto da atual crise sociossanitária, buscamos aqui debater e refletir sobre políticas e estratégias de enfrentamento a Covid-19 em Cuba que tem alcançado resultados superiores a outros países do subcontinente latino-americano e a maioria dos países da OCDE. A partir de uma série de entrevistas por videoconferências realizadas junto a destacados dirigentes e acadêmicos cubanos, optamos aqui por jogar luz às questões que julgamos serem urgentes para (re)pensarmos a trágica experiência brasileira. Papel do Estado, governo e sistema de saúde – em especial da APS na prevenção, vigilância, promoção e cuidado da saúde –, relações entre gestão, serviços, ciências e indústria biofarmacêutica, e a participação comunitária e das mulheres no processo em curso são algumas das temáticas discutidas.
Trans-action! Seminar as an event in the light of transactional analysis
Authors: Michalski Łukasz
Published: April 2021

This paper is a result of analysing the academic phenomenon of research seminar in order to find elements of its structure (a set of invariable traits). This research was conducted with the help of terminology taken from Transactional Analysis, which made it possible to name a few seminar games and to discuss the issue of the very seminar description boundaries.
Swinka folk game : genesis, semantics, adaptation of the rules of the game
Authors: Shylinhouski Kiryl
Published: April 2021

The main purpose of the article is to study the folk game Swinka and fine tune its rules in order to incorporate the game into tourism initiatives, recreation and social practices (such as weddings), as well as lay foundations for further study of the game with reference to pedagogy, psychology and sociology. The article examines games recorded in the 19th – 20th centuries on the territories of Belarus, Poland, Lithuania, Russia, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. Research methods from the field of folklore, linguistics and sociology are aimed at analyzing the plots of the game, the rules, the unstructured verbal material, associated with the designation of game loci, attributes and actions of the players, and the leading player, as well as at formulating proposals for the rules adjustments, suggested by the adult players. Invectives and punishments in the game of Swinka are originating in symbolism, the pragmatics of the rite of initiation into the craft of shepherds. Those could preserve, to a certain extent, a part of their “purely” invective and insulting connotations when the game transferred into the children's environment. The transition character of the invective function was studied: from the “purely” invective function (the vocabulary of adult shepherds) to the expressive one in the game. Both functions create an inferior image of the leading player by attributing to him negative characteristics. The game can also be interpreted as a tool in setting turns among the shepherds or out of turn assignments to livestock or pigs grazing. The uniqueness of the game lies in the need to constantly switching from the team actions to the purely individualistic and selfish actions and back. Proposals are made for rules adjustments to minimize injuries to participants and accelerate the pace of the game. The knowledge of the folklore, the historical context of the game’s emergence and the formation of negative nicknames for the leading player, as well as the connotations of the names of the game allows us to consider the game to be one of the brightest cultural manifestations. The game has good prospects for popularization among both the young and the adults in the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Poland.
“Kumoterki”, tradition, sport and cultural heritage
Authors: Baraniak Maciej
Published: April 2021

In the dialect of Polish Tatra highlanders the word “kumoterki” indicates a small two-person sleigh traditionally harnessed to one horse. It is derived from the word “kumotrzy” which is godparents who used the horse team to get with a newborn baby to church to have the child baptised.Since the mid-19th-century horse-drawn sleighs used by Tatra highlanders have been the masterpieces of woodcarving art. A lot of attention has been paid to the precision of workmanship, the choice of material and ornamentation. Initially, they were used as the means of transport during snowy winters in the Polish Tatra region. During the Interwar period, due to the development of mass motorization, horse-drawn sleighs lost their utilitarian character and people started to use them in racing events. The first horse-drawn sleigh race took place in Zakopane in 1929. It was an annual event until 1939. After World War 2, horse-drawn sleigh races were reactivated in 1962 in Zakopane and after that, after a few-year break, in 1972 in Bukowina Tatrzańska.In the 1970s horse-drawn sleigh races were treated mostly as social events and folk festivities rather than sports competitions. Horses that took part in the races at that time were used to work mainly on the farmland and were not specially prepared for the races. This situation changed completely at the beginning of the 1990s after sport horses had been brought to Podhale. Since then horse-drawn sleigh races have become typical sports competitions; older highlanders started to resign from speed racing leaving the place for young contestants. Sports rivalry and willingness to achieve the best time of a ride displaced the fun and entertainment factor of this event.
Scaffolding High-Impact Practices for Asian Studies and the Environment
Authors: Werner Brett , Anderson Kyle , Klooster Matthew , Kirchner Daniel , Godlaski Aaron
Published: April 2021

Support from the Henry Luce Foundation allowed a team of Centre College faculty to develop multiple integrated programs connecting the study of Asia to the environment: the Centre Summer Language Institute (CSLI), the Asia & the Environment Lab (A&E Lab), January term courses abroad, student summer research and internships abroad, and student dissemination of research. Each of these high-impact practices (HIPs) alone has been empirically demonstrated to enrich student experiences, but when linked in succession through a scaffolded framework, student learning was synergistically magnified. The personal growth, academic interests, and career trajectory of students who completed all stages of the scaffolded program were profoundly transformed. These experiences took place over a nearly 2-year period, culminating in the dissemination of student experiences to a national academic audience. We describe the guiding principles, programmatic structure, local and international partnerships, and challenges and successes of implementing our program of scaffolded HIPs. Throughout, we also share key feedback of those students who completed most or all of the full suite of scaffolded experiences.
Cytomegalovirus infection and male infertility: case report
Authors: Kovalyk V. Р. , Malinovskaya V. V. , Shuvalov A. N. , Kurilo L. F. , Yurlov К. I. , Gomberg М A. , Kushch A. A.
Published: April 2021

Objectives. To present a case report of male infertility associated with cytomegalovirus infection and the outcome of antiviral treatment.

Clinical observation. A 31-year-old man presented with a history of 6 years of infertility. No pathology was revealed in his wife. High loads of cytomegalovirus (CMV) were detected by PCR: in expressed prostatic secretion (EPS)  8700 copies/ml, in ejaculate – 598 440 copies/ml. Sperm examination revealed necrozoospermia and leukospermia. CMV-associated accessory gland infection was verified. The patient was treated with valacyclovir 500 bid for 90 days and interferon α2β suppository (Viferon®) 1 million IU for 30 days. All sperm parameters improved in 1 month after initiation of antiviral treatment. Sperm concentration and motility increased × 1.5 and × 1.4 respectively, sperm viability and leukocyte count achieved reference values.  At the same time, CMV loads decreased: EPS to 300 copies/ml, the ejaculate to 54 000 copies/ml. After 3 months  (by the end of the antiviral treatment): EPS-negative, the ejaculate – 6060 copies/ml; after 6 months: EPS – negative, the ejaculate 3900 copies/ml. Within 6 months, the woman became pregnant and gave birth to a healthy baby girl. After 3 years, there was a second pregnancy and the birth of a healthy boy.

Conclusion. The male factor has been established as the cause of infertility in a married couple; the only probable etiological agent of pathozoospermia was cytomegalovirus infection. The use of complex antiviral and immunotherapy (interferon α2β with antioxidants, Viferon®) provided positive dynamics in clinical, sperm and laboratory parameters, which led to the conception and birth of two children.
Improving the disinfection of lateral microcanals in endodontic dental treatment
Authors: Bekjanova Olga Ye. , Abdulkhakova N. Sh. , Astanokulova M. M.
Published: April 2021

We studied the penetration depth of an antiseptic introduced in the dentin of the tooth by using various methods. An in vitro experiment was performed to determine effective parameters of ultraphonophoresis and electrophoresis, providing the maximum-diffusion antiseptic Decasan in the dentin of the tooth. Compared with the control, three physiotherapy sessions of the root canal significantly increased in-depth penetration in single-rooted teeth. The inclusion of Decasan in the endodontic treatment of patients with chronic apical periodontitis for drug processing the root canal irrigation system is effective because it promotes deep diffusion of antiseptic solution in dentinal tubules.
Optimization of healing in patients with odontogenic phlegmon of the maxillofacial region
Authors: Shvets O. V. , Gaivoronskaya Tatiana V. , Esaulenko E. E. , Bykova N. I.
Published: April 2021

Aim. This study aims to increase the efficiency of the wound process in patients with odontogenic phlegmons of the maxillofacial region by using energotropic and antioxidant agents. Material and methods. The clinical study included 42 patients with odontogenic phlegmons of the maxillofacial region. The patients were divided into two groups: comparison group (patients received traditional treatment) and main group (patients received treatment with Cytoflavin in the treatment regimen). Results. In the main group, the appearance of the first granulations occurred 2.1 times faster (on average on the 3rd day) in comparison with the granulation tissue in patients of the comparison group. Signs of edge epithelialization of wounds appeared almost 3 days earlier (on average on the 6th day) in the main group than in the comparison group; on the 7th day, secondary sutures were already applied, which was 1.6 times faster than the same parameter group 2, clearly suggesting the acceleration of reparative processes. Conclusion. The dynamics of clinical manifestations indicates the comparative effectiveness of using Cytoflavin as part of complex therapy. This finding is confirmed by the accelerated terms of wound healing, the appearance of granulations, epithelialization of the wound edges, and the imposition of secondary sutures.
Prediction of persistence of hemodynamically significant open arterial duct in profoundlypreterm infants
Authors: Klimachev A. M. , Nikolaeva T. N. , Klimacheva O. V.
Published: April 2021

Objective. To develop a method for predicting the persistence of hemodynamically significant ductus arteriosus in profoundly premature newborns based on the evaluation of clinical data and the results of additional studies.

Material and methods. Sixty-nine profoundly preterm newborns were examined including 37 with very low and 32 with extremely low body weight. Clinical and anamnestic data, the results of laboratory radiographic and instrumental examinations were evaluated. The state of the arterial duct, as well as the parameters of central and intracardiac hemodynamics were determined by echocardiography. The criteria for hemodynamically significant open arterial duct (OAD) were the following: duct size greater than 1.5 mm, left-right blood bypass, the presence of retrograde blood flow in the aorta greater than 50 % of the antegrade value. There were 2 groups: comparison (n = 41) children with hemodynamically insignificant ductus arteriosus, main (n = 28) children with hemodynamically significant ductus arteriosus after 72 hours of postnatal life.

Results. After 72 hours of the postnatal life, a hemodynamically significant ductus arteriosus is detected in 40.6 % of profoundly premature newborns. The factors of a long-term persistence of ductus arteriosus are as follows: birth at term of gestation less than 27 weeks with a low Apgar score within the first minute of life ( 4 points), a patient has a sharp weakening or absence of reflexes of the newborn, severe muscular hypotonia, signs of peripheral circulation, moist fine wheezing and crepitation in the lungs, strengthening of their images on the radiograph due to the interstitial and vascular components, dilation of the left and right ventricles and the left atrium. The method for predicting the dynamics of the open ductus arteriosus in profoundly premature newborns has been developed.

Conclusion. The use of the developed prognostic table makes it possible to identify with an accuracy of 85.7 % profoundly premature newborns with a high risk of persistence of a hemodynamically significant ductus arteriosus after 72 hours of postnatal life.
Sanitary and parasitologic state of environmental objects. Analysis of work of the center for hy-giene and epidemiology in astrakhan region for 2015–2019
Authors: Arakelyan Rudolf S. , Shendo Gennadiy L. , Irdeeva Viktoria A. , Deeva Tatyana M. , Galkina Elizaveta V.
Published: April 2021

Objective. To study the sanitary and parasitologic state of environmental objects in Astrakhan Region for 20152019 at the example of studying the samples of soil, water and solid surface washes.
Materials and methods. Over the period from 2015 to 2019, at the laboratory departments of The Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in Astrakhan Region, 15253 samples from different environmental objects were taken, 21850 studies were carried out. The number of samples, which did not satisfy the hygienic norms, was 2.5 % (383 samples).
Results. For the analyzed period, 4002 samples (26.2 %) of soil from the territory of Astrakhan and Astrakhan Region were taken and studied; 8004 investigations were performed. The number of samples, which did not satisfy the hygienic standards, was 7.5 % (300 samples). The number of samples of the washes from the solid surfaces was 56.7 % (8656 samples). Unsatisfactory samples made up 0.01 % (1 sample) in this sample, teniid oncospheres were detected (2019). The study of water samples taken from different water objects formed 17.0 % (2595 samples) out of the number of all sanitary and parasitologic studies carried out in 20152019. Water was taken from different sources of water supply including centralized water supply, water from swimming pools, water from open reservoirs and wastewater.
Conclusions. The presence of moving larvae of palisade worms and toxocar eggs in the soil confirms the infested animal fecal contamination of this object, and the presence of ascarid, opisthorchis, Hymenolepis nana, teniid oncospheres eggs and dysentery amoeba cysts in the soil the infested human fecal contamination. The presence of teniid oncospheres in the solid indoor washes demonstrates the contact of the infested person with this object. The presence of helminth eggs and larvae, typical for animals and human being in the samples taken from the open reservoirs indicates, first of all, contamination of these objects by feces of infested human beings and/or animals as well as the supposed version of water contamination by wastewater. The presence of eggs and larvae of helminths in the wastewater, dangerous for animals and human beings, testifies to a low-quality work of treatment facilities.