bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specific humoral immunity after immunization with vaccine contained Leningrad-3 (L-3) mumps virus strain of different potency
Authors: Оtmshevskaya E. V. , Kulak M. V. , Bukin E. K. , Ignatev G. M.
Published: September 2019

Aim. The persistence of the specific antibodies and the kinetics of the antibody neutralizing activity level and spectrum were studied in two groups of healthy young adults after the immunization with two different vaccine lots characterized with the different vaccine potency were studied for 3 years.Materials and methods. Antibodies were measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and by plaque reduction neutralization (PRN) assay using the L-3 vaccine mumps virus (MuV) and five more geterologous MuV strains of genotypes A, B, C, D and H as the targets in 3-year follow-up serum samples (n=60) of once-vaccinated volunteers.Results. Maximal of the specific antibodies functional activity according to the avidity index as well as to the neutralizing activity level against 6 used in the investigation MuV strains was registered on month 12th till 18th after vaccination in both groups of volunteers. Interestingly the specific IgG levels registered by EIA were going already down from month 12th. It was a waning immunity tendency, in general, over time in both groups of volunteers. In the current investigation two vaccines lots contained significantly different MuV titer in one dose (2, 76-fold difference, U-test p0,005) induced the specific humoral immunity with no statistical differences in the measured parameters in 60 once vaccinated volunteers.Conclusion. The current study results make it possible to suggest controlling or limiting the maximum permissible level of vaccine potency, as no more. Such limitation could reduce the risk of the post vaccination reaction and of vaccine virus horizontal transmission. At the same time the optimal vaccine potency bound will make vaccine production more economical.
Efficiency of combined therapy of figuratum and parainfectious erythemas with the use of immunomodulators of different origins and MNRI
Authors: Sorokina E. V. , Akhmatova N. K. , Egorova N. B.
Published: September 2019

The aim of the study was to study the etiopathogenesis of erythema, comparative study of the clinical efficacy of combination therapy with the use of immunomodulators in erythema, the study of the dynamics of immunological parameters as a result of therapy.Materials and methods. The study included 215 adult patients with erythema. Before treatment and 1.5 months after therapy in patients have been studied: the expression of TLRs on MLPC and skin cells by flow cytometry with the use of the mat for TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9 (Caltag Laboratories, USA) using a flow cytometer FC-500 (Beckman Coulter, USA); the subpopulation composition of peripheral blood lymphocytes; the levels of pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in the serum by the method of solid-phase ELISA using test systems company «Biosource» (Austria); the main classes of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) in serum.Results. It was shown that these pathogenetic and diagnostic significance of viruses of the family nerpesviri-dae, bacterial contamination by different types of microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus spp., Proteus vulgaris). A substance containing antigens of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, and the use of neuro sensorimotor reflex integration (MNRI) contributed to the decline in the number and severity of recurrences of erythema, the extension of the range expressed Toll-like receptors; increase of lymphocytes with immunophenotype CD3+, CD4+, CD25+, CD95+; increase in IFN-y, decreased IL-4; largely reduced the level of total IgE than other types of therapy.Conclusion. The inclusion in therapy of patients with erythema, immunomodulator of bacterial origin and MNRI promotes increase of clinical efficiency and correlates with the correction of immunological disorders.
Yersinia pestis pathogenicity
Authors: Tynyanova V. I. , Sokolova E. P. , Zyuzina V. P. , Demidova G. V.
Published: September 2019

Yersinia pestis belongs to those pathogenic bacteria which produce lipopolysaccharide (LPS) having the function of a toxin. In order to make a toxic effect the polymer must be separated from the cell outer membrane and presented to the immunocompetent cell receptors of the host in the functionally active form. In this review data of russian and foreign investigators on Y. pestis toxigenic properties was presented. Results of the authors' own experiments showing that Y. pestis is able to export LPS into the surrounding medium are included. This process is a natural function of the living cell, is realized at 37 degrees C and is strictly dependent on the expression of Y. pestis genes of extrachromosomal inheritance, pMT1, pCD1, pPCPl. By the use of isogenic variants of Y. pestis EV76 vaccine strain and virulent 231 strain containing different plasmid combinations, it was established that maximum contribution in the activation of «high-temperature» LPS and its transformation into extracellular form made the proteins encoded by pCD1. The significance of the «murine» toxin encoded by pMT1 plasmid was less pronounced. The participation of pPCPl plasmid in the toxic effect was not discovered. The role of Y. pestis capsular substance and the significance of biologically active factors in the realization of Y. pestis LPS toxic potential is discussed. Functional relationship between translocation of the proteins encoded by plasmids and Y. pestis toxigenicity suggests Y. pestis biological uniqueness.
Immunophenotyping of blood cells of experimental animals immunized with Brucella abortus thermoextracts
Authors: Balakhonov S. V. , Dubrovina V. I. , Voitkova V. V. , Korytov K. M. , Barannikova N. L. , Nikolaev V. B. , Shkaruba T. T.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To study the subpopulational structure of blood cells of the experimental animals immunized with thermoextracts (TE) of Brucella abortus in L- and S-form. Materials and methods. Total 100 certified («Vector», Novosibirsk) outbred mice were immunized with B. abortus I-206 TE in L- and S-form in 20 μg protein dose. After 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days of observation the phenotypes (CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD69) of blood cells were detected. Results. General regularities were revealed after injection of the experimental preparations. So, B. abortus TE in L- and S-form caused the immune response that increased granulocyte number and expression of early activation marker CD69 by T- and B-lymphocytes of blood in early period of observation (1-3 days), decrease in general B-lymphocyte content in late periods of observation (7-21 days). Thus, mice received B. abortus ТE in L-form demonstrated authentically higher CD69 expression of blood lymphocyte subpopulations than mice received B. abortus ТE in S-form. Distinctions in formation of humoral immune response were revealed that probably was connected with alteration of Brucella chemical composition in the course of L-transformation. Conclusion. The investigation established that B. abortus TE in L- or S-form caused immunological reorganization in the experimental animal organisms. On the basis of the fin
The modern condition of Crimean-Congo hаemorrhagic fever natural focus in the Russian Federation
Authors: Vasilenko N. F. , Manin E. A. , Maletskaya O. V. , Volynkina A. S. , Prislegina D. A. , Semenko O. V. , Kulichenko A. N.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To determine the boundaries of the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) natural focus in the Russian Federation at the current stage, to clarify the range of the main reservoirs and vectors of CCHF pathogen, to assess the epidemiological capacity of the natural focus. Materials and methods. The materials of epidemiological and epizootological monitoring of the CCHF natural focus, methods of epidemiological and epizootological analysis, molecular-genetic and cartographic methods were used in the work. The findings have been treated using by software package Microsoft Office Excel 2010. Results. The unified integrity of the CCHF semi-desert-steppe natural focus, which occupies vast territory of the southern part of the Russian Federation of 831 thousand square kilometres, is science-based. Expanding the geographic area of the CCHF agent with the involvement new administrative district can be seen. The trend of shifting of the CCHF natural focus borders in a northerly direction has been established. An increasing of epidemiological capacity of the CCHF natural focus has been noted. Hyalomma marginatum ticks are the main reservoirs and vectors of CCHF virus. The genotype «Europe-1» is predominant genotype in the natural focus. Conclusion. It is necessary to improve the tactics of CCHF epidemiological surveillance using modern science-based approaches. For example, automated forecasting-modeling system, using results of multifactorial risk analysis, which have an impact on the intensity of CCHF epidemic appearances, allows to quantitative forecast epidemiological situation on this infection in the aggregate and for certain subjects of the south of the Russian Federation.
Genetic variability of Bordetella pertussis and its role in vaccine prevention of pertussis
Authors: Bazhanova I. G. , Britsina M. V. , Mertsalova N. U. , Ozeretskovskaya M. N.
Published: September 2019

In many countries of the world despite the extensively vaccination against pertussis has increased the incidence of the whooping cough in all age group of the population. The MLST, MLVA and CGH investigations revealed the differences in genotypes between the vaccine strains B.pertussis and the circulating isolates B.pertussis in consequence of adaptation of the bacterium B.pertussis to the immunized hosts. It is lead to waning immynity and outbreak of incidence of pertussis. The mutations in the genes encoding the major virulence factors, the allelic polimorfism and decreasing the genome size of B.pertussis strains are the basis of the B.pertussis adaptation to the immunized hosts and dependent on the type of the vaccine used for immunization Programme. In countries that use acellular pertussis vaccine for vaccination programme the dominant isolates genotypes are: ptxА1-ptxС2- ptxР3-prn2- tcfA2-1-fim3-2 и ptxА1- ptxС2- ptxР3-prnА2- tcfA2- fim2-1- fim3-1, and that use the cellular pertussis vaccine the dominant isolates genotypes are ptxА1-ptxС1- ptxР1-prn1- tcfA2- fim2-2 fim3-1 и ptxА1- ptxС1- ptxР1- prn2- tcfA2- fim2-1- fim3-1. The constant monitoring of the genotypes of isolates B.pertussis is necessary to reveal the dominant genotypes and include them in the national immunization programme in combination with vaccine strains B.pertussis.
MODEL DINAMIS PENGELOLAAN USAHA RUMAH POTONG HEWAN–RUMINANSIA
Authors: Maharani Maya Dewi Dyah
Published: September 2019

Pengelolaan usaha jasa Rumah Potong Hewan-Ruminansia (RPH-R) cenderung belum dirancang secara berkelanjutan dari harmonisasi dimensi lingkungan, ekonomi, sosial, peraturan dan teknologi, baru terbatas berkelanjutan secara dimensi ekologi atau ekonomi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merumuskan model pengelolaan usaha jasa RPH-R secara berkelanjutan yang dibangun dari lima dimensi, yaitu dimensi lingkungan, ekonomi, sosial, peraturan dan teknologi. Perubahan jumlah ternak yang dipotong mengakibatkan pergeseran keseimbangan komponen jumlah keuntungan usaha jasa RPH-R. Proyeksi jumlah ternak yang dipotong di RPH-R pemerintah perlu diketahui untuk merumuskan besarnya subsidi pemerintah di masa yang akan datang. Permodelan dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak POWERSIM 2.5. Simulasi yang dilakukan pada model pengelolaan usaha jasa RPH-R secara berkelanjutan berdasarkan jumlah penggunaan air mewakili dimensi ekologi, jumlah keuntungan yang mewakili dimensi ekonomi, serta berdasarkan teknologi yang dipartisipasikan mewakili dimensi sosial periode 2014-2023. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan bahwa untuk perubahan penggunaan air pada dimensi ekologi selama periode 2014-2023 adalah menurun, sedangkan untuk jumlah keuntungan pada dimensi ekonomi dan dimensi sosial meningkat.
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK FASHION DI LAZADA PADA MAHASISWA DI JAKARTA
Authors: Utami Annisa Retno
Published: September 2019

Adanya perkembangan kemajuan teknologi menyebabkan beberapa perubahan pada dunia bisnis. Saat ini banyak dunia bisnis sudah memanfaatkan aplikasi online untuk menjual produknya. Salah satu aplikasi bisnis belanja online yang saat ini banyak digunakan oleh konsumen yaitu Lazada. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu : 1) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh produk, harga, promosi, distribusi, orang, proses dan lingkungan fisik secara simultan terhadap keputusan pembelian produk fashion di lazada dan 2) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh produk, harga, promosi, distribusi, orang, proses dan lingkungan fisik secara parsial terhadap keputusan pembelian produk fashion di lazada pada mahasiswa di Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini yaitu mahasiswa di Jakarta yang pernah berbelanja produk fashion pada aplikasi lazada. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel produk, harga, promosi, distribusi, orang, proses dan lingkungan fisik berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap keputusan pembelian produk fashion di lazada dan secara parsial variabel produk, harga, promosi, distribusi, orang, proses dan lingkungan fisik berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian produk fashion di lazada pada mahasiswa di Jakarta.
KAJIAN PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI RUMAHAN IKAN ASAP DI KABUPATEN KENDAL MELALUI PENERAPAN GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice)
Authors: Sandrasari Diny A , Kholil Kholil , Utomo Laksanto
Published: September 2019

Kabupaten Kendal merupakan salah satu daerah yang mempunyai industry rumah tangga ikan asap. Ikan asap yang dihasilkan mempunyai kualitas yang rendah sehingga belum mampu bersaing dengan produk sejenis yang dihasilkan dari daerah lain. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses produksi ikan asap dan mengkaji penerapan GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) pada industri rumahan ikan asap tersebut. Metode yang dilakukan adalah metode survey pada industri rumahan ikan asap di desa Tambak Sari, Kabupaten Kendal dan dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa proses pengolahan ikan asap masih bersifat tradisonal dengan peralatan sederhana, teknologi masih bersifat turun temurun, mutu bahan baku rendah, serta kurang memperhatikan aspek sanitasi dan hygienis sehingga berpeluang terjadinya kontaminasi. Selain itu, infrastruktur yang dimiliki sangat minim, keamanan produk yang tidak terjamin, dan pengelolaan usaha masih bersifat kekeluargaan dengan tingkat kemampuan manajemen yang kurang baik. Penerapan GMP perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas produk ikan asap agar mampu bersaing di pasaran dan mampu meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat daerah Kabupaten Kendal.
PERAWATAN PALIATIF PADA ANAK DENGAN HIV/AIDS SEBAGAI KORBAN TRANSMISI INFEKSI VERTIKAL: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Ramdhanie Gusgus Ghraha
Published: September 2019

Kematian anak akibat penyakit terkait HIV/AIDS sebagai korban transmisi vertikal atau disebut
Mother To Child Transmission (MTCT) mencapai 110.000 setiap tahun. Dalam hitungan rinci terjadi
sekitar 400 anak terinfeksi HIV dan sekitar 290 kematian karena AIDS terjadi setiap harinya. Sebagai
korban transmisi infeksi vertikal, banyak anak yang kurang mendapat dukungan dari keluarga. Orang
tua dengan HIV/AIDS selain mempunyai masalah kesehatannya sendiri, juga dapat menjadikan anak
seorang “yatim piatu” sehingga anak tidak mendapatkan asuhan orang tua. Perlu kajian manajemen
pengelolaan asuhan, salah satunya adalah dengan penerapan perawatan paliatif pada anak. Tujuan dari
penulisan literature review ini yaitu untuk mengetahui perawatan paliatif pada anak dengan
HIV/AIDS sebagai korban infeksi vertikal berdasarkan pada sumber literatur jurnal penelitian ilmiah
terkait.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan literature review ini adalah penelusuran internet dari
database Google Scholar, PubMed, Proquest, Medscape, dan EBSCO dengan menggunakan kata kunci
pediatric palliative care, palliative care, dan pediatric HIV/AIDS. Perawatan paliatif pada anak adalah
model terintegrasi dimana komponen layanan paliatif dilakukan setelah pasien mulai terdianosis.
Sebagian besar pasien anak dengan HIV/AIDS ditemukan dalam stadium klinis berat pada usia yang
sangat dini. Manajemen terapi farmakologis, non-farmakologis dan dukungan psikososial serta
spiritual diberikan dalam perawatan. Selain itu, manajemen tanda gejala dalam perawatan paliatif harus
dilakukan dengan tepat. Perawatan paliatif merupakan pelayanan tenaga profesional dengan
mengimplementasikan interprofesional collaborative practice yang dapat diintegrasikan dengan
pelayanan berbasis rumah. Perawatan paliatif pada anak dengan HIV/AIDS dapat meningkatkan
kualitas hidup anak.
GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL TENTANG RISIKO 4T DESA JAHIANG KECAMATAN SALAWU KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Nuraisyah Siti
Published: September 2019

Menurut definisi WHO (World Health Organization), kematian ibu adalah kematian seorang
wanita terjadi saat hamil, bersalin dengan penyebab yang berhubungan langsung atau tidak langsung
terhadap kehamilan. Hasil survei di Puskesmas Salawu menunjukkan adanya ibu hamil yang berisiko
pada masa kehamilan yaitu berjumlah 246 orang, diantaranya ibu hamil dengan usia < 20 tahun yaitu
berjumlah 112 orang, usia > 35 tahun berjumlah 88 orang, > 3 anak berjumlah 37 orang dan jarak
terlalu dekat < 2 tahun berjumlah 9 orang. Di Desa Jahiang 4 T yang terbanyak menyebabkan
terjadinya KPD (Ketuban Pecah Dini) sebesar 25% yaitu 12 orang dari 48 ibu hamil. Dari wawancara
yang di lakukan pada 10 ibu hamil 7 diantaranya belum mengatahui tentang resiko 4 T. Rancangan
penelitian merupakan rencana penelitian yang disusun sedemikian rupa sehingga peneliti dapat
memperoleh jawaban terhadap rumusan masalah. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu hamil
sebanyak 30 orang, priode bulan Juni 2018 di Desa Jahiang Kecamatan Salawu Kabupaten
Tasikmalaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang
risiko 4 T di Desa Jahiang Kecamatan Salawu Kabupaten Tasikmalaya termasuk ke dalam kategori
kurang sebanyak 13 orang (43,3%). Saran bagi ibu hamil, diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi
berdasarkan pengalaman terhadap kehamilan yang berisiko terhadap ibu hamil. Dan dapat
mengetahui risiko hamil pada 4 T (Ibu hamil pada usia terlalu tua, terlalu muda, terlalu dekat, dan
terlalu banyak).
ETERMINAN PERILAKU BAB (BUANG AIR BESAR) SEMBARANGAN DI DESA JAMBERAMA KECAMATAN SELAJAMBE KABUPATEN KUNINGAN
Authors: Annashr Nissa Noor
Published: September 2019

Berdasarkan data yang dikeluarkan oleh sekretariat Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM)
di Indonesia, hingga tahun 2015, 62 juta (53%) penduduk pedesaan masih belum memiliki akses ke
sanitasi yang layak. 34 juta dari mereka masih melakukan BAB (buang air besar) sembarangan. Pada
tahun 2015, data dari Puskesmas Selajambe, menunjukkan bahwa 74,98% rumah tangga di Desa
Jamberama memiliki jamban di rumah mereka. Ini berarti bahwa ada 25,02% rumah tangga yang tidak
memiliki jamban di rumah mereka. Ini mengindikasikan bahwa mereka memiliki peluang untuk
melakukan perilaku BAB sembarangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan prevalensi
BAB sembarangan dan menganalisis faktor determinan dari perilaku BAB sembarangan di Desa
Jamberama, Kecamatan Selajambe. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus-September 2016
dengan desain cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel dari populasi menggunakan teknik total sampling
sehingga ada 469 sampel diundang untuk berpartisipasi. Variabel independen dan dependen diketahui
melalui wawancara tatap muka dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Variabel independen adalah umur,
jenis kelamin, status sosial ekonomi. Variabel dependen adalah perilaku BAB sembarangan. Analisis
data terdiri dari analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan chi square dan fisher exact. Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi BAB sembarangan di wilayah studi adalah 6,8% (32 rumah
tangga). Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel umur (p = 0,715) dan jenis kelamin (p = 0,501)
tidak berkontribusi terhadap perilaku BAB sembarangan. Sementara itu, status sosial ekonomi (p =
0,037) menjadi faktor determinan dari perilaku BAB sembarangan.
Pulsed laser synthesis of highly active Ag–Rh and Ag–Pt antenna–reactor-type plasmonic catalysts
Authors: Kane Kenneth A , Bertino Massimo F
Published: September 2019

Ag, Pt, and Rh monometallic colloids were produced via laser ablation. Separate Ag–Rh and Ag–Pt heterostructures were formed by mixing and resulted in groupings of Rh/Pt nanoparticles adsorbing to the concavities of the larger Ag nanostructures. The 400 nm Ag plasmonic absorption peak was slightly blue-shifted for Ag–Pt and red-shifted for Ag–Rh heterostructures. Catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol increased significantly for Ag–Pt and Ag–Rh compared to the monometallic constituents, and persisted at lower loading ratios and consecutive reduction cycles. The enhancement is attributed to the Rh and Pt nanoparticles forming antenna–reactor-type plasmonic catalysts with the Ag nanostructures.
Understanding the Role of Active Site Residues in CotB2 Catalysis Using a Cluster Model
Authors: Raz Keren , Driller Ronja , Brück Thomas , Loll Bernhard , Major Dan Thomas
Published: September 2019

Terpene cyclases are responsible for the initial cyclization cascade in the multistep synthesis of a large number of terpenes. CotB2 is a diterpene cyclase from Streptomyces melanosporofaciens, which synthesizes the formation of cyclooctat-9-en-7-ol, a precursor to the next-generation anti-inflammatory drug, cyclooctatin. In this work, we present evidence for a significant role of the active site residues in CotB2 on the reaction energetics using quantum mechanics calculations in an active site cluster model. The results using the active site model reveal the significant effect of the active site residues on the relative electronic energy of the intermediates and transition state (TS) structures with respect to gas phase data. A detailed understanding of the role of the enzyme environment on the CotB2 reaction cascade can provide important information towards a biosynthetic strategy for cyclooctatin and the biomanufacturing of related terpene structures.
EXPLORING CULTURAL ORIENTATION ON THE ENTREPRENEUR COMPETENCIES IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA
Authors: Mutiara Mira Rochimi , Primiana Ina , Joeliaty Joeliaty , Cahyandito Martha Fani
Published: September 2019

The existence of globalization concept absolutely brings consequences for business environment. Based on international literature, cultural orientation was required on business management in the globalization era. Nevertheless, there have been few numbers of cross-cultural entrepreneurship research. Previous research tended to focus on discussing cultural dimensions or using them in entrepreneurship. Therefore, this study proposes a different perspective which is to explore the cultural dimensions for the formation of entrepreneur competencies. Thus, this study aims at suggesting conceptual models and providing empirical evidence concerning national and individual cultural orientation including its role in influencing the formation of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) entrepreneur competencies in facing the globalization era. For this purpose, the survey questionnaire was distributed to 129 SMEs entrepreneurs in the fashion sector in West Java – Indonesia, which was then tested by using VSM 1994 Formula, SPSS method and Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The findings and originality of this study were the novelty of national and its individual cultural values for Indonesia. Moreover, this study discovered that Cultural Orientation significantly influenced the form of entrepreneur competencies. Thus, the role of cultural orientation cannot be ignored in enhancing the ability of SMEs entrepreneurs to face the globalization era.
Modos de pensar sobre entropia e espontaneidade de licenciandos em química a partir da teoria dos perfis conceituais
Authors: Guimarães Cleiça Rafaela De Almeida , Silva Flávia Cristiane Vieira da , Simões Neto Jose Euzebio
Published: September 2019

O presente trabalho é parte de uma pesquisa mais ampla de mestrado acadêmico, que tem por objetivo analisar a emergência de zonas do perfil conceitual de entropia e espontaneidade em uma sequência didática aplicada a licenciandos em química. Justificamos a utilização da teoria dos perfis conceituais por sua importância em se considerar diversos modos de pensar conceitos científicos, que possuem valor pragmático em determinados contextos, bem como a necessidade de apresentar essa pluralidade em situações de ensino e de aprendizagem em sala de aula. Este estudo é um recorte com o objetivo específico de analisar a emergência das zonas do perfil conceitual de entropia e espontaneidade a partir das concepções informais e científicas dos estudantes. A pesquisa ocorreu com vinte estudantes matriculados na disciplina Físico-química I do curso de Licenciatura em Química do Campus Acadêmico do Agreste da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco mediante aplicação de um instrumento constituído de uma única e ampla pergunta, elaborada segundo recomendações da literatura: “o que você entende por entropia?”. A análise evidenciou a emergência das três zonas do perfil conceitual de entropia e espontaneidade nas respostas dos estudantes, a saber: zona perceptiva/intuitiva, zona empírica e zona racionalista. Destacamos a ocorrência de respostas majoritariamente associadas a ideia de entropia como grau de desordem de um sistema, em associação direta à questão da espontaneidade dos processos mediante aumento da entropia, que corresponde a zona empírica.
Percepções e apontamentos de um grupo de discentes ao explorarem a hipermídia Equimídi@
Authors: Oliveira Fabio Caires , Souto Daise Lago Pereira , Carvalho José Wilson Pires
Published: September 2019

Neste artigo apresentamos uma análise qualitativa baseada em percepções e apontamentos de discentes do ensino médio após desenvolverem uma atividade exploratória e avaliativa com a hipermídia Equimídi@, a qual é voltada ao ensino de Química. A pesquisa que deu origem a esse artigo é qualitativa, caracteriza-se como um estudo de caso e foi desenvolvida em uma escola pública de uma cidade do interior do Estado de Mato Grosso. Os instrumentos de produção de dados foram: questionário, entrevista e observação.A análise dos dados foi fundamentada em Silva e Elliot (1997) e Heidrich (2009).Os resultados indicaram uma avaliação positiva da hipermídia por parte dos discentes, principalmente no que diz respeito às possibilidades de interação, visualização e clareza nas informações apresentadas. No entanto, os dados indicaram como uma limitação a incompatibilidade da Equimídi@ com o sistema operacional Linux presente na maioria das escolas brasileiras. Como sugestão os discentes recomendaram a adequação dessa hipermídia a um sistema operacional que a torne compatível para uso em celulares.
Low cost MFC control unit using microcontoller
Authors: Espindola Paulo R , Aquino Mariana L , Cena Cicero R , Alves Diego C B , Reis Diogo D , Goncalves Alem-Mar B
Published: September 2019

In this paper we present a compact and low cost solution to set up and to monitor an electronic Mass Flow Controller (MFC) using an Arduino microcontroller. Usually, MFCs can find a great demand at materials science laboratories, mainly in techniques which requires  a precise gas flow control, such as synthesis of thin films by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). The control unit produced is presented in details by using schematic diagrams of the circuit and a detailed configuration for connect the controller to the MFC are presented. The control unit is also capable to work with two Mass Flow Controllers (MFCs) simultaneously at manual and remote (via computer software) regime. The source code is quite simple and allows the user easily modify parameters as type of gas and flux capacity of the controllers. Although the low resolution of ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) (10 bits) and DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter) (using PWM - “Pulse Width Modulation”, 8 bits), the flux can be adjusted in steps of 0.4 % and 1.5 % of the total flux, respectively, which is very satisfactory for practical purposes. Finally, the operation tests were taken by using Argon (Ar) gas, and great accordance between the set point flow and the MFC measured flow was found.
Importância da atividade física para a saúde segundo usuários de uma unidade básica de saúde
Authors: Ribes Kohn Eduardo , Häfele Vitor , Vinholes Siqueira Fernando
Published: September 2019

OBJETIVO: Descrever a opinião dos usuários de uma unidade básica de saúde da cidade de Pelotas/RS, sobre a importância da atividade física para a manutenção da saúde.MÉTODOS: Estudo de delineamento transversal, com usuários da Unidade Básica de Saúde Areal Leste da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas/RS. Foram entrevistados em uma semana típica de atendimento todos os usuários da unidade básica de saúde com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos. Todos os participantes responderam um instrumento previamente estruturado com questões relacionadas a variáveis econômicas, sociodemográficas, de comportamento e de saúde. O desfecho importância dada à atividade física foi operacionalizado pela pergunta: Qual a importância que o Senhor (Sra.) dá à atividade física para a manutenção da sua saúde? (Pouca importância ou muita importância). Foi realizada análise ajustada através da regressão de Poisson.RESULTADOS: Um total de 183 pessoas foram entrevistadas, sendo que 87,4% da amostra atribuiu muita importância à atividade física. Ainda, apresentaram maior probabilidade de considerar a atividade física importante para manutenção da saúde os indivíduos que receberam aconselhamento para a prática de atividade física e os sujeitos considerados ativos.CONCLUSÕES: Os usuários da Unidade Básica de Saúde Areal Leste consideram a atividade física como sendo muito importante para manter a saúde.
Energia solar fotovoltaica e automóveis elétricos: a combinação de um modelo para redução de emissões de carbono na cidade de Curitiba
Authors: Casagrande Junior Eloy Fassi , Urbanetz Junior Jair , Seratiuk Arthur Rodrigues , Tonolo Edwin Augusto
Published: September 2019

Sistemas Fotovoltaicos Conectados à Rede Elétrica (SFVCR) promovem em centros urbanos a geração distribuída de energia elétrica a partir de uma fonte renovável e ilimitada, o Sol. O incentivo a utilização da energia solar no mundo e no Brasil atende a uma demanda ecológica para redução dos gases do efeito estuga (GEE) que contribuem com o aquecimento global e mudanças climáticas. O Estado do Paraná possui um grande potencial fotovoltaico de geração quando comparados os dados de incidência de irradiação solar (kWh/m².ano) a outros estados do Brasil, países da Europa, Ásia, América do Norte e Oceania. Inserido no campus da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), em Curitiba, o Escritório Verde (EV) é um edifício projetado dentro dos princípios das construções sustentáveis, instalando 2.100 Watts no modelo SFVCR. Este trabalho analisa dados e parâmetros da operação deste sistema fotovoltaico ao longo dos anos de 2012 a 2018, onde foi avaliada a eficiência energética, desempenho e benefícios ambientais associada ao uso de um veículo elétrico e uma projeção de redução de emissão de CO2 se este modelo fosse instalado em larga escala na cidade de Curitiba.
The impact of orthopedic surgery on parents of children affected by cerebral palsy: a preliminary study in Greece
Authors: Tsibidaki Assimina , Tsibidakis Haridimos , Tsamparli Anastasia , Kotzia Doxa , Panou Artemisia
Published: September 2019

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a serious disorder with an important impact not only on the affected person but also on parents and the entire family. CP children often undergo surgery with long stay hospitalization.

Aim: The aim of the study was to highlight the impact of orthopedic surgery on parents of children affected by cerebral palsy in Greece.

Materials and methods: The semi-structured interviews of 80 parents (40 fathers and 40 mothers) of nuclear and intact families were collected. All parents were of Greek nationality, belonged to the middle socio-economic class and had at least one child affected by CP candidate to orthopedic surgery.

Results: The majority of parents’ perception was that CP is a condition requiring special education, need for specialized services and a medical problem that affects the entire family. Their expectations after orthopedic surgery were focused mainly on child’s healing and hope to have a “healthy” child, while expectations from future surgery were focused on improving child’s quality of life, movement and gait.

Conclusions: Parents of CP children have different perceptions of the clinical condition and a variety of expectations about orthopedic surgery and its outcomes.
Dark diversity in the dark: a new approach to subterranean conservation
Authors: Fernandes Camile Sorbo , Batalha Marco A. , Bichuette Maria Elina
Published: September 2019

When trying to predict biodiversity patterns, species absences in a community can be as informative as species presences. The concept of dark diversity considers geographical and ecological filters to set an expected species pool and to compare it with the observed species pool, through an index known as community completeness. Completeness shows no relationship with latitude, allowing the comparison of different communities and regions concerning community saturation. Here we propose the use of these methods to a better understanding of subterranean biodiversity patterns. We applied patterns of co-occurrence among phylogenetically related species to set the theoretical species pool and then compared it with the observed richness, using isopods as model taxon. Except for one cave, dark diversity was equal or higher than observed richness. Even though completeness was low in most cases, those caves with higher completeness represent a valuable sample of regional subterranean species pool and may act as a repository of diversity. Our study showed that the dark diversity approach is adaptable to studies of subterranean communities and may be coupled with other conservation tools towards more effective management decisions.
Herbert Simon : pour un bilan raisonné du cognitivisme
Authors: Lorino Philippe
Published: September 2019

Herbert Simon, par sa critique du rationalisme simpliste sous-jacent au mainstream économique et aux approches fonctionnalistes ou tayloriennes de la gestion, a ouvert la voie à une science expérimentale des organisations. Toutefois, le courant cognitiviste qu’il a ainsi inauguré, fondé sur les concepts de décision comme traitement de l’information, représentation, computation et partage cognitif, a consolidé une vision non située, peu processuelle et peu relationnelle des organisations. Il constitue aujourd’hui une référence dominante quoique souvent tacite de l’étude des organisations. L’élaboration d’une alternative processuelle et relationnelle passe par la déconstruction des concepts cognitivistes, en s’appuyant notamment sur la pensée pragmatiste.
La cure psychanalytique au prisme des Sciences de l’artificiel
Authors: Saliba-Chalhoub Nicole
Published: September 2019

Le présent article ambitionne, à l’occasion de la célébration des 50 ans de parution des Sciences de l’artificiel de Herbert A. Simon, de mettre en lumière l’idée que les théories développées par leur auteur continuent d’être d’une brûlante actualité. Il est, en effet, toujours nécessaire de continuer l’œuvre de décloisonnement des sciences et des disciplines de sorte qu’elles puissent parvenir à un véritable dialogue agissant et pugnace. Et, pour illustrer ce décloisonnement, nous choisissons de rapprocher la cure psychanalytique, laquelle est un système conçu par l’homme pour l’homme avec un ensemble d’artéfacts, de la démonstration de Simon sur le domaine des sciences de l’artificiel, en particulier, et des affaires humaines, en général.
Interprofessional Educator Development Course for Simulation
Authors: Stephenson Evelyn , Poore Julie , Byrne Bobbi J. , Dwyer Jennifer , Ebert David , Hasty Greg , Schroedle Karen , Turner Joseph , Cooper Dylan
Published: September 2019

As interprofessional teams and interprofessional practice become the norm in health care, there is an increasing need for interprofessional educator development to prepare health care students and staff for these new roles. This article describes the development, implementation, and results of an Interprofessional Educator Development Course (IPEDC) for simulation that was created to train clinical educators, practicing professionals, and academic faculty from all health care professions in simulation methodology. The authors, working across disciplines and professions, describe the benefits, limitations, and outcomes of this approach and explain how they met the needs of the involved stakeholders.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2019;50(10):463–468.]
Myopic Phakic STAAR Collamer Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses for Keratoconus
Authors: Alfonso José F. , Palacios Ana , Montés-Micó Robert
Published: September 2019

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy, predictability, and safety of myopic phakic posterior chamber Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) to correct myopia associated with keratoconus.

Methods

In a prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series, outcomes in 25 consecutive keratoconus eyes of 16 patients, myopia from −3.00 to −18.00 diopters (D) and astigmatism from −0.50 to −3.00 D, were analyzed 12 months after implantation of myopic ICLs (STAAR Surgical). All eyes showed best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) ⩾20/50, central keratometric values ⩽52.00 D, and refractive cylinder ⩽3.00 D. Myopic ICL implantation was performed through a corneal incision in the steepest meridian.

Results

The mean uncorrected visual acuity and BSCVA after ICL implantation were 0.17±0.19 and 0.12±0.12 logMAR, respectively. The efficacy index was 0.98. No eyes lost 2 or more lines of visual acuity, 2 eyes lost 1 line, 18 eyes did not change after surgery, and 5 eyes gained 1 or more lines. The safety index was 1.05. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity after ICL implantation was statistically significantly better than preoperative BSCVA (
P
=.0021). Spherical equivalent refraction was within ±1.00 D of the desired refraction in all cases and 84% of cases were within ±0.50 D. Mean postoperative spherical equivalent refraction was −0.32±0.55 D at 12 months.

Conclusions

Myopic ICL implantation was a safe, effective, and predictable procedure for the correction of myopia associated with keratoconus. [
J Refract Surg.
2008;24:867–874.]
Comparison of Flap Adhesion Strength Using the Amadeus Microkeratome and the IntraLase iFS Femtosecond Laser in Rabbits
Authors: Knorz Michael C. , Vossmerbaeumer Urs
Published: September 2019

Purpose

To compare adhesion strength of flaps created with a mechanical microkeratome and the IntraLase femtosecond laser as well as to analyze the effect of different side-cut configurations.

Methods

A flap was created in four groups of New Zealand white rabbits—microkeratome group (Amadeus II microkeratome, Ziemer Group AG [5 eyes; 9-mm suction ring and 140-µm head]), and three IntraLase groups (IntraLase iFS 150 kHz femtosecond laser, AMO Inc [9-mm diameter and 120-µm flap each]): normal energy side-cut (4 eyes; side-cut angle 70°, side-cut energy 0.8 µJ); high energy side-cut (4 eyes; side-cut angle 70°, side-cut energy 1.6 µJ); and inverted side-cut (4 eyes; side-cut angle 140°, side-cut energy 0.8 µJ). Flap adhesion strength was measured 75 days after surgery using a tension meter to dehisce the flaps.

Results

In the microkeratome group, mean force was 210±89
g
(range: 151 to 360
g
); 492±46
g
(range: 439 to 540
g
) in the normal energy side-cut group; 444±13
g
(range: 426 to 455
g
) in the high energy side-cut group; and 687±105
g
(range: 552 to 797
g
) in the inverted side-cut group. Differences between the microkeratome and all IntraLase groups were highly significant (
P
=.001), and differences between the inverted side-cut group and the standard 70° side-cut groups were statistically significant (
P
=.01).

Conclusions

Flap adhesion is significantly stronger with the IntraLase femtosecond laser than with the Amadeus mechanical microkeratome, and an inverted side-cut increases flap adhesion significantly compared with a standard side-cut. [
J Refract Surg.
2008;24:875–878.]
Measurement of LASIK Flap Thickness With Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Cheng Arthur C.K. , Ho Thomas , Lau Silvania , Wong Amy L. , Leung Chris , Lam Dennis S.C.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

To assess the interobserver variability and agreement of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the measurement of LASIK flap thickness, and to compare the results with intraoperative ultrasound pachymetry measurements.

Methods

Thirty-nine eyes of 20 consecutive patients undergoing LASIK with the XP microkeratome (Bausch & Lomb) and ALLEGRETTO Eye-Q laser system (Wave-Light Inc) had corneal flap thickness measured with SP-100 ultrasound (Tomey Corp) intraoperatively and with OCT (Visante; Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc) postoperatively. Interobserver assessment was performed by comparing the flap thickness measurements obtained from the same scan by 2 masked, independent observers. Agreement of OCT scan was determined by assessment of 2 different scans of the same eye by the same observer.

Results

Mean (±standard deviation) flap thickness measured by ultrasound, OCT scan 1 (OCT 1-1) and scan 2 (OCT 1-2) assessed by observer 1, and OCT scan 1 (OCT 2-1) and scan 2 (OCT 2-2) assessed by observer 2 were 112.79±19.71, 124.69±17.02, 127.59±17.32, 130.59±20.34, and 133.74±19.70 µm, respectively. No statistically significant difference among the interobserver measurements was seen. The difference between OCT and ultrasound measurements by observers 1 and 2 was statistically significant (
P
<.01). Correlation among all measurements was statistically significant. Good agreement among the OCT scans was noted.

Conclusions

Optical coherence tomography showed good correlation among measurements and observers for different OCT measurements in the assessment of corneal flap thickness after LASIK. However, OCT significantly overestimated flap thickness when compared to ultrasound despite a good correlation between these two modalities. Optical coherence tomography measurements should not be substituted for standad ultrasound measurements at the present time. [
J Refract Surg.
2008;24:879–884.]
Application of the Polychromatic Defocus Transfer Function to Multifocal Lenses
Authors: Schwiegerling Jim , Choi Junoh
Published: September 2019

Purpose

To model the performance of multifocal lenses in polychromatic lighting.

Methods

The defocus transfer function (DTF) is a mathematical technique for illustrating the optical transfer function for all levels of defocus at a given wavelength. A polychromatic version of the DTF is developed that accounts for changes in cutoff frequency, reduction in diffraction efficiency, ocular chromatic aberration, and photoreceptor spectral sensitivity. The differences between the monochromatic and polychromatic DTF are illustrated with a diffractive multifocal intraocular lens.

Results

Polychromatic analysis shows an increase in depth of field of diffractive lenses relative to assessment at a single wavelength.

Conclusions

The polychromatic DTF is a useful tool for analyzing presbyopia treatments under “white-light” viewing conditions and provides feedback to lens designers on anticipated performance. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:965–969.]
Where is the Optimum Far-point for a Presbyopic Eye?
Authors: Thibos Larry N.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

To resolve the presbyope's dilemma by determining the optimum location of the far-point that maximizes depth-of-field for reading printed text.

Methods

Geometrical optical analysis of defocused retinal images was used to compute the size of retinal blur circles relative to object size. Functional consequences of changes in viewing distance, pupil diameter, and far-point location were assessed using the blur ratio concept. Depth-of-field was specified by the ratio of the maximum distance to the minimum distance for which printed text of a given size is legible.

Results

For the emmetropic patient, text that is legible at one viewing distance remains legible at all shorter distances. Conversely, text that is illegible at one distance is illegible at all distances. For myopic (or undercorrected) patients, the location of the far-point determines the center of the depth-of-field, but not its size. The depth-of-field is shown numerically and analytically to be given by the approximate formula: log(far distance/near distance) = 0.174* blur ratio threshold* letter height/pupil diameter.

Conclusions

Location of the far-point is a free parameter that can be adjusted to suit a patient's needs without affecting depth-of-field. This suggests a theoretically based clinical strategy for presbyopic refractive correction that takes account of reading needs, pupil size, text size, and habitual reading distance for the benefit of the presbyopic patient. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:970–975.]
Factors Affecting Contrast Sensitivity With the Artisan Phakic Intraocular Lens for High Myopia
Authors: Yamaguchi Takefumi , Negishi Kazuno , Kato Naoko , Arai Hiroyuki , Toda Ikuko , Tsubota Kazuo
Published: September 2019

Purpose:

To evaluate the factors affecting postoperative visual function in eyes with Artisan phakic intraocular lenses (PIOLs).

Methods:

This study examined a retrospective non-comparative case series. Phakic IOLs were implanted in 60 eyes of 36 patients with high myopia. Contrast sensitivity for spatial frequencies of 1.1, 1.7, 2.6, 4.2, 6.6, and 10.4 cycles per degree with and without glare and wavefront aberrations were measured before and 3 months after surgery. The area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) was calculated from the contrast sensitivity. Stepwise regression analysis was used to assess the factors that affected the postoperative AULCSF.

Results:

No significant difference was noted between the preoperative AULCSF without glare and the postoperative AULCSF without glare (
P
=.886). The mean AULCSF with glare improved significantly after surgery (
P
=.018). The variables affecting the postoperative AULCSF without glare were axial length (partial regression coefficient B=−0.101,
P
=.0002) and age (B=−0.008,
P
=.0063). The variables affecting the postoperative AULCSF with glare were axial length (B=−0.127,
P
<.0001) and age (B=−0.012,
P
=.0294). The preoperative refraction showed multicollinearity with the axial length, and coma-like aberration and spherical aberration showed multicollinearity with age.

Conclusions:

Contrast sensitivity without glare was the same before and after surgery and contrast sensitivity with glare improved after surgery. Longer axial length and older age predispose patients to degradation of the postoperative visual function in eyes with Artisan PIOLs.

[
J Refract Surg.
2009;25:25–32.]