bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Power Fluctuation Dispatch and Capacity Design of Short Period Power Fluctuation Compensation System in Consideration of Power Loss
Authors: TEGURI AKIHIRO , KAWACHI SHUNSUKE , BABA JUMPEI , SHIMODA EISUKE , SUGIMOTO TAKAYUKI
Published: November 2015

Since the output of photovoltaic (PV) generation includes power fluctuations caused by natural conditions, the installation of PV on a large scale is expected to affect load frequency control of the power grid. One method of compensating power fluctuations is the use of energy storage (ES), such as batteries and capacitors. A power fluctuation compensation system composed of an electrical double layer capacitor energy storage system (ESS) and a Li‐ion battery energy storage system is considered. The power loss characteristics of both ESSs during power fluctuation compensation are modeled by equivalent circuits based on ES impedance spectra. The models are validated by experiments simulating power fluctuation compensation. Using these ES models, simulations were carried out to determine the power fluctuation dispatch method between the two ESSs and the capacity of the ESSs in consideration of power loss minimization.
Li4E8 (E = P, As, Sb, Bi) Clusters: The ­Quest for Realgar‐Type [E8]4– Zintl Anions
Authors: Nizovtsev Anton S. , Ivanov Alexander S. , Boldyrev Alexander I. , Konchenko Sergey N.
Published: November 2015

A systematic computational study focused on searching for the global minima and low‐lying isomers of the Li4E8 (E = P, As, Sb, Bi) series of clusters is reported. The global‐minimum structures of Li4P8, Li4As8, and Li4Sb8 as well as one of the lowest‐lying Li4Bi8 isomers were found to contain a realgar‐type [E8]4– unit, which is a rare Zintl anion. Increased stability of this skeleton allows its presence to be expected in more complex chemical compounds containing group 15 elements with appropriate stoichiometry.
An improved alkaline direct formate paper microfluidic fuel cell
Authors: Galvan Vicente , Domalaon Kryls , Tang Catherine , Sotez Samantha , Mendez Alex , Jalali‐Heravi Mehdi , Purohit Krutarth , Pham Linda , Haan John , Gomez Frank A.
Published: November 2015

Paper‐based microfluidic fuel cells (MFCs) are a potential replacement for traditional FCs and batteries due to their low cost, portability, and simplicity to operate. In MFCs, separate solutions of fuel and oxidant migrate through paper due to capillary action and laminar flow and, upon contact with each other and catalyst, produce electricity. In the present work, we describe an improved microfluidic paper‐based direct formate FC (DFFC) employing formate and hydrogen peroxide as the anode fuel and cathode oxidant, respectively. The dimensions of the lateral column, current collectors, and cathode were optimized. A maximum power density of 2.53 mW/cm2 was achieved with a DFFC of surface area 3.0 cm2, steel mesh as current collector, 5% carbon to paint mass ratio for cathode electrode and, 30% hydrogen peroxide. The longevity of the MFC's detailed herein is greater than eight hours with continuous flow of streams. In a series configuration, the MFCs generate sufficient energy to power light‐emitting diodes and a handheld calculator.
Framing Research and Assessment of Co‐Curricular Learning
Authors: Meents‐DeCaigny Ellen , Sanders Liz
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of important theories and frameworks that ground research and assessment of co‐curricular learning.
Understanding Student Success by Measuring Co‐Curricular Learning
Authors: Dean Kathleen Lis
Published: November 2015

This chapter will explore how measuring co‐curricular learning can increase an institution's understanding of the factors that impact student success.
Real‐time mid‐infrared imaging of living microorganisms
Authors: Haase Katharina , Kröger‐Lui Niels , Pucci Annemarie , Schönhals Arthur , Petrich Wolfgang
Published: November 2015

The speed and efficiency of quantum cascade laser‐based mid‐infrared microspectroscopy are demonstrated using two different model organisms as examples. For the slowly moving Amoeba proteus, a quantum cascade laser is tuned over the wavelength range of 7.6 µm to 8.6 µm (wavenumbers 1320 cm–1 and 1160 cm–1, respectively). The recording of a hyperspectral image takes 11.3 s whereby an average signal‐to‐noise ratio of 29 is achieved. The limits of time resolution are tested by imaging the fast moving Caenorhabditis elegans at a discrete wavenumber of 1265 cm–1. Mid‐infrared imaging is performed with the 640 × 480 pixel video graphics array (VGA) standard and at a full‐frame time resolution of 0.02 s (i.e. well above the most common frame rate standards). An average signal‐to‐noise ratio of 16 is obtained. To the best of our knowledge, these findings constitute the first mid‐infrared imaging of living organisms at VGA standard and video frame rate.

magnified image
Morphofunctional structure of the lingual papillae in three species of South American Camelids: Alpaca, guanaco, and llama
Authors: Erdoğan Serkan , Villar Arias Silvia , Pérez William
Published: November 2015

The aim of this study was to compare the anatomical and functional characteristics of the lingual papilla among the Camelidae. For this purpose, tongues of alpaca, guanaco, and llama were used. Numerous long and thin filiform papillae were located in the median groove and none were detected on the rest of the dorsal surface of the lingual apex in alpaca. Secondary papillae originated from the base of some filiform papillae on the ventral surface of alpaca tongue. The bases of some filiform papillae of the lateral surface of the lingual apex were inserted into conspicuous grooves in guanaco and tips of filiform papillae on the dorsal surface of the lingual body were ended by bifurcated apex. On the dorsal surface of the lingual apex of llama, there were no filiform papillae but there were numerous filiform papillae on both the lateral margins of the ventral surface of the lingual apex. Fungiform papillae were distributed randomly on dorsal lingual surface and ventral margins of the tongues of all camelid species. Lenticular papillae were located on the lingual torus and varied in size and topographical distribution for each species. Circumvallate papillae had irregular surfaces in llama and alpaca, and smooth surface in guanaco. In conclusion, llama and alpaca tongues were more similar to each other, and tongues of all camelid species displayed more similarities to those of Bactrian and dromedary camels in comparison with other herbivores and ruminants. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:61–71, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microwave‐activated Synthesis of Pyrroles: A Short Review
Authors: Sharma Anuradha , Piplani Poonam
Published: November 2015

In the current scenario for continuous requirement of better drugs, medicinal chemists must visage the challenging task of preparing novel patentable compounds, combining high activity and selectivity, good drug‐likeness, and pharmacokinetic properties. There is an acute need of new molecules in both lead identification and lead optimization. Chemists thoroughly scrutinize ways to simplify synthetic protocols using green chemistry approaches, for example, microwaves. Reduction in the reaction time by the use of microwaves has emerged as a promising method for bringing out new leads in organic synthesis. Among the azaheterocyclic systems, synthesis of pyrrole moiety has been a highly attractive and an inspiring proposition. It has been found to be an inbuilt pharmacophore of various momentous pharmacologically active compounds in medicinal chemistry. This article outlines the basic principles of microwave technology and its use in the synthesis of pyrrole derivatives wherein this technology has made a tremendous impact.
Cloning and expression of trehalose‐6‐phosphate synthase 1 from Rhizopus oryzae
Authors: Ozer Uyar Ebru , Yücel Meral , Hamamcı Haluk
Published: November 2015

Trehalose is a reducing disaccharide acting as a protectant against environmental stresses in many organisms. In fungi, Trehalose‐6‐phosphate synthase 1 (TPS1) plays a key role in the biosynthesis of trehalose. In this study, a full‐length cDNA from Rhizopus oryzae encoding TPS1 (designated as RoTPS1) was isolated. The RoTPS1 cDNA is composed of 2505 nucleotides and encodes a protein of 834 amino acids with a molecular mass of 97.8 kDa. The amino acid sequence of RoTPS1 has a relatively high homology with the TPS1s in several other filamentous fungi. RoTPS1 was cloned into Saccharomyces cerevisiae and secretively expressed.
Disentangling metabolic pathways involved in copper resistance in Candida fukuyamaensis RCL‐3 indigenous yeast
Authors: Irazusta Verónica , Michel Lucas , de Figueroa Lucía I. C.
Published: November 2015

Candida fukuyamaensis RCL‐3 yeast strain isolated from a copper filter plant is able to lower copper concentration in culture medium. In the present study, effect of copper in proteins expression and mechanisms involved in copper resistance were explored using comparative proteomics. Mono‐dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed differential band expressions between cells grown with or without copper. 2‐DE analysis of C. fukuyamaensis RCL‐3 revealed that copper exposure produced at least an over‐expression of 40 proteins. Sixteen proteins were identified and grouped in four categories according to their functions: glycolysis and ATP production, synthesis of proteins, oxidative stress response, and processing and transport of proteins. Integral membrane proteins and membrane‐associated proteins were analyzed, showing nine protein bands over‐expressed in Cu‐supplemented medium. Four proteins were identified, namely nucleoporin pom152, elongation factor 2, copper chaperone Sod1 Ccs1, and eiosome component Lsp1. The proteomic analysis performed allowed the identification of different metabolic pathways and certain proteins involved in metal input and storage related to cell ability to bioremediate copper. These proteins and mechanisms could be used for future applications of C. fukuyamaensis RCL‐3 in biotechnological processes such as remediation of heavy metals.
Towards the optimization of the preparation procedures of PMMA bone cement
Authors: Gergely Ryan C. R. , Toohey Kathleen S. , Jones Mary E. , Small Scott R. , Berend Michael E.
Published: November 2015

The mechanical properties and thermal history of polymethyl‐methacrylate bone cement vary significantly with the preparation procedure used. Because the polymerization reaction is exothermic, many researchers have attempted to minimize thermal osteonecrosis due to heat generation by altering procedures in the preparation of the cement. In most previous studies, only one or two aspects of the preparation procedure were controlled, and there has been little research that comprehensively examines the effects of preparation on the cure kinetics and resulting properties of bone cement. In this study, cement viscosity, cement layer thickness, initial cement temperature, initial metal component temperature, and mixing method were varied to assess the effects on the cement. Maximum temperature, polymerization time, necrosis index, bending strength, and porosity were chosen to evaluate the different preparation procedures, where an optimal procedure would minimize necrosis, reduce cement cure time, and maximize bending strength. Design of Experiments (DOE) was used to examine the main effects and interactions of preparation techniques. Among the most prominent results, it was found that the cure kinetics and the related quantities are primarily controlled by the initial metal component temperature and that the bending strength is most dependent on the mixing method. For the two formulations studied, the optimum preparation procedures should keep cement and metal components at room temperature prior to mixing with a vacuum mixing system. Reducing cement mantle thickness may also be advantageous, as it reduces the maximum temperature and the risk of tissue damage. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:915–923, 2016.
Osmolarity affects matrix synthesis in the nucleus pulposus associated with the involvement of MAPK pathways: A study of ex vivo disc organ culture system
Authors: Li Pei , Gan Yibo , Xu Yuan , Li Songtao , Song Lei , Li Sukai , Li Huijuan , Zhou Qiang
Published: November 2015

Matrix homeostasis within the nucleus pulposus (NP) is important for disc function. Unfortunately, the effects of osmolarity on NP matrix synthesis in a disc organ culture system and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. The present study was to investigate the effects of different osmolarity modes (constant and cyclic) and osmolarity levels (hypo‐, iso‐, and hyper‐) on NP matrix synthesis using a disc organ culture system and determine whether ERK1/2 or p38MAPK pathway has a role in this process. Porcine discs were cultured for 7 days in various osmotic media, including constant hypo‐, iso‐, hyper‐osmolarity (330, 430, and 550 mOsm/kg, respectively) and cyclic‐osmolarity (430 mOsm/kg for 8 h, followed by 550 mOsm/kg for 16 h). The role of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK pathways were determined by their inhibitors U0126 and SB202190 respectively. The expression of SOX9 and downstream aggrecan and collagen II, biochemical content, and histology were used to assess NP matrix synthesis. The findings revealed that NP matrix synthesis was promoted in iso‐ and cyclic‐osmolarity cultures compared to hypo‐ or hyper‐osmolarity culture although the level of matrix synthesis in cyclic‐osmolarity culture did not reach that in iso‐osmolarity culture. Further analysis suggested that inhibition of the ERK1/2 or p38MAPK pathway in iso‐ and cyclic‐osmolarity cultures reduced NP matrix production. Therefore, we concluded that the effects of osmolarity on NP matrix synthesis depend on osmolarity level (hypo‐, iso‐, or hyper‐) and osmolarity mode (constant or cyclic), and the ERK1/2 and p38MAPK pathways may participate in this process. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1092–1100, 2016.
Vinyl pivalate Propagation Kinetics in Radical Polymerization
Authors: Monyatsi Otlaatla , Hutchinson Robin A.
Published: November 2015

Radical propagation kinetics of the bulk homopolymerizations of vinyl pivalate (VPi) and vinyl benzoate (VBz) have been studied using pulsed‐laser polymerization (PLP) combined with size exclusion chromatography (SEC). As part of the study, the Mark–Houwink para­meters of poly(VPi) and poly(VBz) in tetrahydrofuran are determined using a triple detector SEC. The observed significant increase (by ≈ 20%) of the bulk VPi propagation rate coefficient (kp) as pulse repetition rate is increased from 200 to 500 Hz is similar to that reported for vinyl acetate (VAc). Data collected in the temperature range of 25–85 °C for VPi is well fit by the Arrhenius relation ln(kp/L mol−1 s−1) = 15.73−2093(T/K). The activation energy is similar to that found for vinyl acetate (VAc), with kp values higher by ≈ 50%. PLP studies in ethyl acetate and in heptane find no substantial solvent effect on VPi or VAc kp values. Attempts to measure the propagation kinetics of VBz by PLP are not successful, suggesting that significant radical stabilization occurs for the system. Small‐scale batch poly­merization experiments demonstrate relative polymerization rates of these vinyl ester monomers that are consistent with the PLP results.

image
Forward and backward in time Cauchy problems for systems of parabolic‐type PDE with a small parameter
Authors: Danilov V. G.
Published: November 2015

The paper introduces a class of functions where the resolving operator for a system of Kolmogorov–Feller‐type equations with a small parameter is well posed in forward and backward times. The introduced class of functions is invariant under the resolving operator if the solution is understood in the weak sense with an exponential weight. The paper continues the study of .
Fabrication of Electrospun Polymer Fibers with Nonspherical Cross‐Sections Using a Nanopressing Technique
Authors: Chen Jiun‐Tai , Kao Yi‐Huei , Kuo Tyng‐Yow , Liu Chih‐Ting , Chiu Yu‐Jing , Chu Chien‐Wei , Chi Mu‐Huan , Tsai Chia‐Chan
Published: November 2015

The fabrication of electrospun polymer fibers is demonstrated with anisotropic cross‐sections by applying a simple pressing method. Electrospun polystyrene or poly(methyl methacrylate) fibers are pressed by flat or patterned substrates while the samples are annealed at elevated temperatures. The shapes and morphologies of the pressed polymer fibers are controlled by the experimental conditions such as the pressing force, the pressing temperature, the pressing time, and the surface pattern of the substrate. At the same pressing force, the shape changes of the polymer fibers can be controlled by the pressing time. For shorter pressing times, the deformation process is dominated by the effect of pressing and fibers with barrel‐shaped cross‐sections can be generated. For longer pressing times, the effect of wetting becomes more important and fibers with dumbbell‐shaped cross‐sections can be obtained. Hierarchical polymer fibers with nanorods are fabricated by pressing the fibers with porous anodic aluminum oxide templates.

image
Cognitive dysfunction predicts poorer emotion recognition in bariatric surgery candidates
Authors: Manderino L. , Spitznagel M. B. , Strain G. , Devlin M. , Cohen R. , Crosby R. D. , Mitchell J. E. , Gunstad J.
Published: November 2015

Objective

Deficits in traditional cognitive domains (e.g. executive function and memory) are common in persons with severe obesity, but it is unclear if this pattern of dysfunction extends to social cognition. The present study examined whether cognitive impairment was associated with poorer emotion recognition in bariatric surgery candidates.

Methods

One hundred sixteen bariatric surgery candidates (mean age = 43.62 ± 11.03; 81% female) completed the computerized Integneuro test battery as part of a larger study visit. In addition to assessing traditional cognitive domains, the Integneuro also includes an emotion recognition measure. This task presents 48 faces (eight different individuals depicting neutral, happiness, fear, sadness, anger and disgust), and participants must choose the correct verbal label from six expression options. Number of correct responses and average reaction time for correct responses served as primary dependent variables.

Results

Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that older age, more maze errors, and history of hypertension predicted less accuracy in emotion recognition (adjusted R2 = .22, F[3, 111] = 11.86, p < .001) and that slower switching of attention‐digits, worse long‐delay recall, and older age predicted speed of responses (adjusted R2 = .26, F[3, 111] = 13.00, p < .001).

Discussion

Results show that cognitive dysfunction is associated with poorer performance on a computerized test of emotion recognition, consistent with those in persons with a range of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Additional work is needed to clarify the mechanisms and functional impact of these impairments, especially in relation to weight loss following bariatric surgery.
Mechanical, thermo‐mechanical, thermal, and swelling properties of EPDM‐organically modified mesoporous silica nanocomposites
Authors: Acharya Himadri , Srivastava Suneel K.
Published: November 2015

Ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer nanocomposites has been developed using organically modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles by solution blending method. Hydrophilic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM‐41) of ∼100 nm in sizes were synthesized via a template‐directed method, functionalized with trimethylchlorosilane (TMS) to produce hydrophobic silica (OS). The X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis suggest that OS are homogeneously dispersed in the EPDM matrix and can maintain its pore structure effectively in the nanocomposites. The EPDM/OS nanocomposite exhibits a significant improvement in mechanical and thermal properties with respect to neat EPDM. A significant increase in tensile strength (TS) approximately 200% was observed at very low wt% of organosilica content in the nanocomposite. Dynamic mechanical analysis also exhibits the improvement in storage modulus for nanocomposites. Thermogravimetric analysis shows a thermal stability enhancement by approximately 25°C of EPDM nanocomposites containing 3 wt% OS when 25% weight loss was selected as point of comparison. The solvent uptakes in nanocomposites were comparable with the porous sites and free volume in EPDM matrix on OS incorporation. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:E371–E380, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
LASIK surgery of granular corneal dystrophy type 2 patients leads to accumulation and differential proteolytic processing of transforming growth factor beta‐induced protein (TGFBIp)
Authors: Poulsen Ebbe Toftgaard , Nielsen Nadia Sukusu , Jensen Morten M. , Nielsen Esben , Hjortdal Jesper , Kim Eung Kweon , Enghild Jan J.
Published: November 2015

More than 60 mutations in transforming growth factor beta‐induced protein (TGFBIp) have been reported in humans causing a variety of phenotypic protein aggregates in the cornea, commonly termed corneal dystrophies. One mutation, generating an arginine to histidine amino acid substitution at position 124 in mature TGFBIp leads to granular corneal dystrophy type 2 (GCD2). Homozygous GCD2 cases develop massive protein accumulation early in life whereas heterozygous GCD2 cases become affected much later and generally with a much less severe outcome. However, if heterozygous GCD2 patients undergo laser‐assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery protein accumulation is accelerated and they develop massive protein accumulations a few years after surgery. Here, we present the protein profile of aggregate‐containing corneal tissue from GCD2 patients with a history of LASIK surgery using LC–MS/MS. Label‐free quantification of corneal extracellular matrix proteins showed accumulation of TGFBIp. This was supported by 2DE and immunoblotting against TGFBIp that revealed the accumulation of full‐length TGFBIp. In addition, a high molecular weight TGFBIp complex was more apparent in GCD2 patients after LASIK surgery, which may be important for the disease progression. Lastly, 2DE also revealed differential processing between GCD2 patients with a history of LASIK surgery when compared to healthy individuals.
Picking the right tool for the job—Phosphoproteomics of egg activation
Authors: Wessel Gary M.
Published: November 2015

Eggs are the rarest cell in the human body, yet their study is essential for the fields of fertility, reproduction, and fetal health. Guo et al. (Proteomics 2015, 15, 4080–4095) use a “surrogate” animal to discover the phosphoproteomic pathways involved in egg activation. With datasets of several thousand phosphosites on 2500 different proteins, these investigators have defined new pathways, connections to pathways, and priorities in searches for how eggs are activated at fertilization. These results in a sea urchin are now transposable to mammals for testing on a per candidate strategy.
Controllable and Predictable Viscoelastic Behavior of 3D Boron‐Doped Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Sponges
Authors: Zhao Wenjie , Elias Ana L. , Rajukumar Lakshmy P. , Kim Hyung‐Ick , O'Brien Daniel J. , Zimmerman Brandon K. , Penev Evgeni S. , Terrones Mauricio , Yakobson Boris I. , Wei Bingqing , Lu X. Lucas , Suhr Jonghwan
Published: November 2015

3D carbon nanotube (CNT)‐based macrostructures are the subject of extensive attention because the outstanding properties of 1D and 2D nanostructures have not been fully translated into key engineering applications. Generation of 3D CNT architectures with covalent junctions could endow the new materials with extraordinary mechanical properties. In this study, detailed experimental characterization and statistical comparison are carried out on 3D boron‐doped multiwalled CNT (CBxMWNT) sponges with covalent junctions and undoped multiwalled CNT (undoped‐MWNT) sponges without junctions. By investigating the plastic, elastic, viscoelastic, and dynamic viscoelastic properties of both sponges, as well as the dependency of these mechanical properties on material morphology, the CBxMWNT sponge is found to be a more predictable and stable material than the undoped‐MWNT sponge. Statistical comparison proves that the excellent properties of the CBxMWNT are attributed to its “elbow‐like” junctions inside the 3D networks, which prevent permanent buckling and bundling of the CNTs under extreme loading. Thus, by optimizing the covalent junctions in 3D CNT sponges, their functional behavior can be controlled and regulated. These findings may promote applications of 3D CNT sponges in various fields, including biomedical or high‐precision devices in which lightweight, controllable, and reliable mechanical properties are always desirable.
Bioassay of salmeterol in children using methacholine challenge with impulse oscillometry
Authors: Mondal Pritish , Baumstein Sandra , Prabhakaran Sreekala , Abu‐Hasan Mutasim , Zeng Yaohui , Singh Sachinkumar , Wang Kai , Ahrens Richard C. , Hendeles Leslie
Published: November 2015

Background

Bronchoprovocation with methacholine (MC) is the most sensitive method of determining bioequivalence of inhaled bronchodilators. FEV1 is used to determine the endpoint, but many children cannot perform spirometry reproducibly. The purpose of this study was to determine whether MC, using impulse oscillometry (IOS) as the endpoint, can differentiate between two doses of salmeterol (SM).

Methods

This was a single‐blind, randomized study of 10 subjects with mild stable asthma, ages 4–11 years. None were taking a long‐acting β‐agonist but most were on low‐dose inhaled corticosteroid. On one study day, MC was performed 1 hr after one inhalation from each of two separate Advair 100/50 Diskus (100 μg salmeterol treatment). On a second day, MC was performed after one inhalation from Advair Diskus and one inhalation from Flovent Diskus 100 (50 μg salmeterol treatment). The provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 40% increase in total airway resistance (PC40R5) was calculated.

Results

The reduction in R5 (bronchodilator effect) was 15.5% and 18.4% for 50 and 100 μg, respectively (NS). After MC (bronchoprotective effect), the geometric mean (95%CI) PC40R5 (mg/ml) was 2.4 (1.3–4.4) during screening, 22.9 (8.5–61.6) after 50 μg SM and 47.0 (25.2–87.8) after 100 μg SM (P = 0.051 for 50 vs. 100 using a linear mixed effects model). No adverse effects were observed.

Conclusions

MC with IOS endpoint will be a useful method for determining bioequivalence of a generic inhaler in children. Seventy‐two subjects will be required to achieve 80% power to assess bioequivalence of SM. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:570–575. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solutions in Exceptional Field Theory
Authors: Rudolph Felix J.
Published: November 2015

Exceptional Field Theory employs an extended spacetime to make supergravity fully covariant under the U‐duality groups of M‐theory. This allows for the wave and monopole solutions to be combined into a single solution which obeys a twisted self‐duality relation. All fundamental, solitonic and Dirichlet branes of ten‐ and eleven‐dimensonal supergravity may be extracted from this single solution in Exceptional Field Theory.
Stability of environmentally friendly paper electronic devices
Authors: Pettersson Fredrik , Adekanye David , Österbacka Ronald
Published: November 2015

We have performed bias‐stress measurements and determined the shelf‐life of environmentally friendly paper electronic devices. We have utilized a low‐voltage transistor that has a sorbitol‐based ionic liquid as the electrolyte and a blend of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) and poly(l‐lactic acid) as the semiconductor layer. The bias‐stress measurements revealed that the devices operated below 1V are functioning without degradation, while above 1V an irreversible degradation process, probably due to water‐induced oxidation of the semiconductor. A number of these devices are then used to create more complicated logic with, that is the operation of a NOR‐gate and a one bit memory is demonstrated.

A D‐latch manufactured on paper connected on a breadboard using a sample containing five paper transistors and three resistors.
Temperature‐dependent cathodoluminescence investigation of Er‐implanted GaN thin films
Authors: Mo Yajuan , Wang Xiaodan , Yang Mingming , Zeng Xionghui , Wang Jianfeng , Xu Ke
Published: November 2015

In this paper, temperature‐dependent cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra of Er‐implanted GaN thin films were measured. The effects of accelerating voltage and temperature on the CL spectra of Er‐implanted GaN were investigated. In the near band‐edge emission region, the competition mechanism between DAP and D0X was disclosed. A slight blue shift of the DAP emission peak with the increase of accelerating voltage was observed. The temperature dependence of the CL intensity of FX emission reveals a binding energy of ∼32 meV in Er‐implanted GaN. Below 182 K, the 2H11/2 state of Er3+ is not thermally populated and the yellow band luminescence (YL) related to the defects was observed. At higher temperature, the thermal coupling between the two excited state levels of 2H11/2 and 4S3/2 of Er3+ is obvious and the YL is nearly invisible. Even at 373 K, a strong green emission at 537 nm can be observed, which indicates the Er‐doped GaN is promising to be applied in high‐temperature environments.
Super‐framing: a powerful physical layer frame structure for next generation satellite broadband systems
Authors: Rohde Christian , Alagha Nader , De Gaudenzi Riccardo , Stadali Holger , Mocker Gerhard
Published: November 2015

Following the definition of commercial requirements in different satellite communication market segments, the satellite communications technical module of the Digital Video Broadcasting Project (DVB) took the mandate to develop the extension of the second generation DVB System for satellite broadcasting and unicasting (DVB‐S2) standard in order to achieve higher efficiencies without introducing fundamental changes to the complexity and structure of DVB‐S2.

In this paper, we focus on a new powerful physical layer frame structure, known as Super‐Frame (SF), which has been adopted as optional waveform container in Annex E of the recently approved DVB‐S2 eXtension standard specifications. The main contribution of this paper is to provide the rationale, design choices, potential applications and performance gains of the SF structure with particular emphasis on the context of satellite broadband systems. In order to demonstrate the satisfaction of the stated requirements to the SF approach, analytical results of the SF performance are complemented by the performance results obtained from an end‐to‐end testbed and prototype design of modulator and demodulator featuring the SF generation and detection capability. The prototype devices are able to operate at a wide range of signal‐to‐noise ratios and at high symbol rates. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Employee Ownership and Sustainable Development in Tourism: A Case in North Cyprus
Authors: Timur Seldjan , Timur A. Tarik
Published: November 2015

Employee ownership systems influence both the economic and social contexts of organizations and have the potential to contribute to sustainable development. This paper examines the contributions of an employee‐owned hotel to sustainable development in North Cyprus. Data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews with employees and managers and by analyzing the relevant documents. The employee ownership system was found to have a positive socio‐economic impact on the development of sustainable tourism. The employee ownership system enabled the hotel to establish strong and long‐term relations with the local community by generating new and stable local employment, fairly distributing business opportunities in their local community, improving the locals' quality of life and preserving an iconic built resource of the island. The factors that helped the new ownership system at the hotel to be successful in this case are identified as ethical leadership, people‐centered human resource practices, autonomy, collaboration with the local community and customers, and political willpower. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
A Bayesian hierarchical model with novel prior specifications for estimating HIV testing rates
Authors: An Qian , Kang Jian , Song Ruiguang , Hall H. Irene
Published: November 2015

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a severe infectious disease actively spreading globally, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an advanced stage of HIV infection. The HIV testing rate, that is, the probability that an AIDS‐free HIV infected person seeks a test for HIV during a particular time interval, given no previous positive test has been obtained prior to the start of the time, is an important parameter for public health. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical model with two levels of hierarchy to estimate the HIV testing rate using annual AIDS and AIDS‐free HIV diagnoses data. At level one, we model the latent number of HIV infections for each year using a Poisson distribution with the intensity parameter representing the HIV incidence rate. At level two, the annual numbers of AIDS and AIDS‐free HIV diagnosed cases and all undiagnosed cases stratified by the HIV infections at different years are modeled using a multinomial distribution with parameters including the HIV testing rate. We propose a new class of priors for the HIV incidence rate and HIV testing rate taking into account the temporal dependence of these parameters to improve the estimation accuracy. We develop an efficient posterior computation algorithm based on the adaptive rejection metropolis sampling technique. We demonstrate our model using simulation studies and the analysis of the national HIV surveillance data in the USA. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting metamorphic relations for testing scientific software: a machine learning approach using graph kernels
Authors: Kanewala Upulee , Bieman James M. , Ben‐Hur Asa
Published: November 2015

Comprehensive, automated software testing requires an oracle to check whether the output produced by a test case matches the expected behaviour of the programme. But the challenges in creating suitable oracles limit the ability to perform automated testing in some programmes, and especially in scientific software. Metamorphic testing is a method for automating the testing process for programmes without test oracles. This technique operates by checking whether the programme behaves according to properties called metamorphic relations. A metamorphic relation describes the change in output when the input is changed in a prescribed way. Unfortunately, finding the metamorphic relations satisfied by a programme or function remains a labour‐intensive task, which is generally performed by a domain expert or a programmer. In this work, we propose a machine learning approach for predicting metamorphic relations that uses a graph‐based representation of a programme to represent control flow and data dependency information. In earlier work, we found that simple features derived from such graphs provide good performance. An analysis of the features used in this earlier work led us to explore the effectiveness of several representations of those graphs using the machine learning framework of graph kernels, which provide various ways of measuring similarity between graphs. Our results show that a graph kernel that evaluates the contribution of all paths in the graph has the best accuracy and that control flow information is more useful than data dependency information. The data used in this study are available for download at http://www.cs.colostate.edu/saxs/MRpred/functions.tar.gz to help researchers in further development of metamorphic relation prediction methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neonatal cellular and gene therapies for mucopolysaccharidoses: the earlier the better?
Authors: Tomatsu Shunji , Azario Isabella , Sawamoto Kazuki , Pievani Alice Silvia , Biondi Andrea , Serafini Marta
Published: November 2015

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). The increasing interest in newborn screening procedures for LSDs underlines the need for alternative cellular and gene therapy approaches to be developed during the perinatal period, supporting the treatment of MPS patients before the onset of clinical signs and symptoms. The rationale for considering these early therapies results from the clinical experience in the treatment of MPSs and other genetic disorders. The normal or gene‐corrected hematopoiesis transplanted in patients can produce the missing protein at levels sufficient to improve and/or halt the disease‐related abnormalities. However, these current therapies are only partially successful, probably due to the limited efficacy of the protein provided through the hematopoiesis. An alternative explanation is that the time at which the cellular or gene therapy procedures are performed could be too late to prevent pre‐existing or progressive organ damage. Considering these aspects, in the last several years, novel cellular and gene therapy approaches have been tested in different animal models at birth, a highly early stage, showing that precocious treatment is critical to prevent long‐term pathological consequences. This review provides insights into the state‐of‐art accomplishments made with neonatal cellular and gene‐based therapies and the major barriers that need to be overcome before they can be implemented in the medical community.
Experience with genetic counseling: the adolescent perspective
Authors: Pichini Amanda , Shuman Cheryl , Sappleton Karen , Kaufman Miriam , Chitayat David , Babul‐Hirji Riyana
Published: November 2015

Adolescence is a complex period of development that involves creating a sense of identity, autonomy, relationships and values. This stage of adjustment can be complicated by having a genetic condition. Genetic counseling can play an important role in providing information and support to this patient population; however, resources and guidelines are currently limited. In order to appropriately establish genetic counseling approaches and resource development, we investigated the experiences and perspectives of adolescents with a genetic condition with respect to their genetic counseling interactions. Using a qualitative exploratory approach, eleven semi‐structured interviews were conducted with adolescents diagnosed with a genetic condition who received genetic counseling between the ages of 12 and 18 years at The Hospital for Sick Children. Transcripts were analyzed thematically using qualitative content analysis, from which three major interrelated themes emerged: 1) understanding the genetic counselor's role; 2) increasing perceived personal control; and 3) adolescent‐specific factors influencing adaptation to one's condition. Additionally, a list of suggested tools and strategies for genetic counseling practice were elucidated. Our findings can contribute to the development of an adolescent‐focused framework to enhance emerging genetic counseling approaches for this patient population, and can also facilitate the transition process from pediatric to adult care within patient and family‐centered contexts.
Apocynaceae Seed Lipids: Characterization and Occurrence of Isoricinoleic Acid and Triacylglycerol Estolides
Authors: Smith Mark A. , Zhang Haixia
Published: November 2015

Isoricinoleic acid (9‐hydroxy‐cis‐12‐octadecenoic acid; IR) is a potential renewable feedstock for the oleochemical industry, a precursor for the synthesis of antimicrobial compounds and a component of the seed oil of certain plants in the Apocynaceae. For a more detailed survey of this plant family, seeds of 18 species representing different subfamilies were obtained and acyl composition and oil content was determined. IR was observed only in species of the tribes Wrightieae and Nerieae in the Apocynoideae subfamily and is reported for the first time in the seed oil of the desert rose Adenium obesum in which it is present at a level of around 26 %. In contrast to previous reports, IR was not found in oil from Holarrhena species, H. antidysenterica and H. pubescens, nor in oil from Annona squamosa. To examine the oil structure, samples were analyzed using MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. This technique proved to be a simple method to demonstrate the occurrence of the estolide 9‐acetoxy‐cis‐12‐octadecenoic acid in oil from Nerium oleander and gave further insight into the distribution of estolides within the oil, revealing the presence of tetra‐ and penta‐acyl‐TAG molecules, and molecules containing IR esterified to all three position of glycerol. For other species in which IR was observed, the HFA was found to be a component of seed TAG, but no secondary acylation of the hydroxyl groups was observed.
Performing a Perinatal Autopsy
Authors: Jaiman Sunil
Published: November 2015

Intrauterine fetal demise or termination for malformation is adverse obstetric outcomes, agonizing for the parents and frustrating for health care providers. These events are often unpredictable and investigation entails not only the evaluation of the fetus/neonate but also the placenta. Though nothing can compensate the bereavement of families who have encountered fetal or a neonatal loss, a meticulous study of the placental, fetal, and neonatal tissues provides succor and help in the healing process. In recent times, with extensive advances in the pediatric specialty, the significance and requirements for perinatal autopsy have also commensurately heightened. There is an inordinate need for an accurate diagnosis in order to render genetic counseling and ascertain the implications of possible recurrence in future pregnancies. A conscientious perinatal autopsy, supplemented by cytogenetic and metabolic evaluation, followed by dissemination of the information to the parents, clinicians, and public health organizations is of paramount importance. This not only assists in the clinical management and bereavement closure but also helps in the reduction of perinatal mortality and morbidity. An autopsy protocol assists in performing an adequate perinatal dissection, facilitates the recognition and documentation of all relevant information and in addition also provides a format for the collection, recording and presenting of data which facilitates collaborative research. A brief account of the benefits and techniques of perinatal autopsy and the protocol are presented.
Les outils pour la rédaction des certificats de soins sans consentement
Authors: Péchillon E.
Published: November 2015

Depuis maintenant plus de quatre ans les psychiatres sont confrontés aux particularités d’application d’une nouvelle loi de soins sans consentement. En apparence elle succède à ses devancières de 1838 et 1990 alors qu’en réalité elle s’appuie sur des concepts juridiques nouveaux empruntés au droit constitutionnel ou au droit européen. La particularité du nouveau texte est de donner une place prépondérante au juge des libertés et de la détention (JLD). Chacun a pu constater des différences importantes d’appréciation de la nécessité des soins entre médecins et magistrats. Il en résulte un nombre non négligeable de mainlevée des soins par décision de justice. La session apporte les notions et concepts nécessaires pour que les psychiatres rédigent leurs certificats de telle sorte qu’ils soient bien compris par les magistrats. Une première communication présente les concepts à l’origine de la loi (constitution, convention européenne de sauvegarde des Droits de l’homme, recommandation 2004/10 du conseil de l’Europe…). La complexité de la loi conduit à la nécessité d’une interprétation de nombre de ses articles. La jurisprudence commence à donner des pistes de compréhension utiles. Ce sera l’objet de la deuxième intervention avant de réfléchir sur les aspects cliniques à faire figurer dans les certificats qui constituent le moyen privilégié de communication avec les JLD.
L’imagerie cérébrale fonctionnelle : un outil au service de la psychopathologie ?
Authors: Lemogne C.
Published: November 2015

La psychopathologie est précieuse pour guider l’application de l’imagerie cérébrale fonctionnelle à l’étude des troubles mentaux. En permettant une approche basée sur les processus mentaux plutôt que sur des catégories diagnostiques (par ex. rumination plutôt que dépression), elle offre l’opportunité d’identifier des biomarqueurs susceptibles d’enrichir la nosographie psychiatrique et de renseigner les stratégies diagnostiques et thérapeutiques. En revanche, savoir si l’imagerie cérébrale fonctionnelle peut être un outil au service de la psychopathologie, c’est-à-dire de la compréhension des processus mentaux sous-jacents aux troubles psychiatriques, reste une question controversée. Un intérêt potentiel de l’imagerie cérébrale fonctionnelle pourrait être l’identification de processus mentaux non conscients et inaccessibles à une mesure comportementale. C’est ainsi que la constatation de bases cérébrales communes entre douleur morale et douleur physique a pu donner lieu à des spéculations fascinantes sur l’origine de leur parenté lexicale. Ou encore que certains envisagent de pouvoir distinguer conversion et simulation sur la base de l’activité cérébrale. Mais interpréter cette activité comme témoignant d’un processus mental, raisonnement appelé inférence inverse, pose plusieurs problèmes, que le processus mental soit rapportable ou non. Par exemple, l’activité cérébrale observée peut ne pas être pas spécifique du processus mental en question. Ou alors cette activité cérébrale peut ne pas être définie avec assez de précision. L’ensemble de ces problèmes peut être formalisé dans une perspective bayésienne. En dépit de ces limites, l’inférence inverse est néanmoins un outil heuristique puissant pour susciter des hypothèses secondairement réfutables concernant la nature des processus mentaux et leurs relations (par ex. évocation de l’objet perdu et renforcement lors d’un deuil compliqué). Combinée à des paradigmes expérimentaux de qualité, l’imagerie cérébrale fonctionnelle est donc susceptible d’apporter des connaissances nouvelles à la psychopathologie.
La dépression mixte
Authors: Bertschy G.
Published: November 2015

La dépression mixte correspond à un syndrome dépressif avec des éléments d’activation psychomotrice de la lignée hypomaniaque. Cette situation pathologique reste mal connue des cliniciens alors qu’elle est présente chez 10 à 20 % des patients dépressifs. Sa faible reconnaissance a été probablement liée à l’absence de ce concept dans les classifications internationales. Le DSM-5 a proposé une refonte de la définition des états mixtes, dépassant une conception particulièrement restrictive dans le DSM-IV. Des « caractéristiques mixtes » peuvent servir de spécificateur pour un épisode de trouble de l’humeur, dépressif ou maniaque. La dépression avec caractéristique mixte est définie par la présence de trois symptômes de la lignée maniaque associée à la dépression, hors agitation, distractibilité ou irritabilité. L’approche proposée par le DSM-5 manque de cohérence clinique et est finalement assez difficile à appliquer. Surtout elle ne permet pas d’identifier la majorité des dépressions mixtes. En effet les formes les plus fréquentes bien décrites dans les travaux de Koukopoulos ou Bennazzi se caractérisent par des symptômes hypomanes peu spécifiques comme l’irritabilité et l’agitation psychomotrice (ou parfois surtout l’absence de ralentissement psychomoteur) et des symptômes hypomanes limités à l’activation psychique qui s’exprime notamment à travers la tachypsychie subjective (avec des caractéristiques phénoménologiques différentes de celle de l’hypomanie) et la pression du discours. Les patients avec une dépression mixte sont particulièrement à risque de conduites suicidaires, d’abus de substances mais surtout de résistance thérapeutique car, même si on manque d’essais cliniques à leur sujet, ces patients non seulement nécessitent la prescription de thymorégulateurs mais aussi le plus souvent un arrêt des antidépresseurs qui ont souvent induit le caractère mixte de la dépression.