bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kurangnya Minat Belajar Peserta Didik Yang Disebabkan Oleh Penggunaan Gadget
Authors: Dewi Tuti Citra
Published: December 2019

Gadget merupakan suatu alat teknologi yang saat ini berkembnag pesat dikalangan masyarakat terkhusus oleh para peserta didik, dimana berbagai fitur ditampilkan sehingga menarik perhatian peserta didik untuk menggunakannya. Namun tidak dipungkiri juga banyak disalahgunakan bagi pemakainya atau peserta didik sehingga berdampak buruk bagi nilai akademik dan prestasi peserta didik. Dengan selalu menggunakan gadget orang-orang yang berada disekitar pun ikut diabaikan, sehingga kurangnya interaksi peserta didik dalam melatih komunikasi antar sesama dan hubungan sosial yang sangat minim. Gadget banyak digunakan hanya untuk games, sosial media seperti instagram dan tidak digunakan untuk mencari informasi untuk pembelajarannya. Sehingga perlunya pengawasan orangtua dan bekerja sama dengan guru di sekolah.
Administrasi Peserta Didik
Authors: Jumadi Weni
Published: December 2019

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kosnep dasar sarana dan prasaraana
Authors: hafni Nabila sarah
Published: December 2019

Basic Concepts, Facilities Administration Processes and InfrastructureBasic Concepts of Facilities and Infrastructure AdministrationOne aspect that gets the main attention of every education administrator is regarding educational facilities and infrastructure. Etymologically (language) means a direct tool to achieve educational goals. Educational facilities generally include all equipment and equipment that are directly used and supported in the educational process must be in accordance with the learning process such as buildings, classrooms or classrooms, educational equipment or media, desks, chairs, laboratories and so on.Whereas what is meant by infrastructure is facilities that indirectly support the course of the educational process, such as a good yard to conduct learning, a nice garden or park in view, easy road to school, school order, and so on. Thus it can be drawn to the conclusion that the administration of educational facilities and infrastructure are all components that directly or indirectly support the course of the educational process to achieve goals in education itself. n micro (narrow), the school principal is responsible for the provision of educational facilities and infrastructure needed in a school. While the administration of the facilities and infrastructure itself has a very important role for the implementation of the learning process at school and supports the achievement of educational goals in a school both specific objectives and general goals
Proses dan Teknik Survervisi
Authors: Pebriani Ona
Published: December 2019

Educational leadership in an educational institution covers a wide range of fields, namely everyone who has strengths in themselves and personally, which then influences, invites, guides, encourages, drives, and coordinates other education employees towards improving or improving the quality of teaching education. Someone has carried out the leadership function.
“KERUSUHAN YANG TERJADI DI PAPUA DITINJAU DARI TUJUAN NEGARA DAN TUJUAN LEGITIMASI NEGARA PANCASILA” PAPER
Authors: kuspanita
Published: December 2019

Menganalisis perkembangan Papua Barat dari segi ekonomi dan berbagai macam latar belakang kehidupan sehingga membuat Papua Barat ingin merdeka atau ingin membuat Negara sendiri/memisahkan diri dari Negara Indonesia. Dan mengayomi masyarakat, terutama memberikan pemerataan keadilan terhadap seluruh warga negara Indonesia bukanlah hal yang mudah. Pro-kontra merupakan hal yang wajar, tergantung bagaimana cara menyikapinya. Keinginan Papua untuk menjadi negara sendiri, belum tentu dapat mengubah perekonomian Papua menjadi lebih baik. Banyak faktor yang perlu dipertimbangkan, dan menjadi negara sendiri bukanlah hal yang mudah. Indonesia berusaha memberikan keadilan dengan cara perbaikan infrastruktur di Papua. Namun, adanya keinginan manusia yang tidak cepat mudah puas akan membutakan masyarakat Papua untuk bertindak nekad ingin menjadi negara sendiri. Maka perlunya pemikiran yang matang sebelum bertindak, karena hal ini akan berpotensi berakibat fatal jika pemisahan negara sendiri terjadi, bukannya menjadi negara yang maju dan sejahtera justru sebaliknyalah yang terjadi.
Beberapa Catatan Seputar TEKS DAN MELODI NYANYIAN JEMAAT
Authors: PICANUSSA BRANCKLY EGBERT
Published: December 2019

Seiring dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, setiap hari selalu ada gubahan-gubahan baru untuk nyanyian jemaat dengan berbagai teks dan melodinya. Artikel ini hendak memberikan beberapa catatan seputar teks dan melodi nyanyian jemaat yang sebaiknya diperhatikan oleh para penggubah nyanyian jemaat.
BERPIKIR KRITIS DALAM KEPERAWATAN
Authors: Kurniati Dewi
Published: December 2019

Critical thinking is the main ability that nurses must have. However, learning methods that are commonly implemented have not been able to optimally facilitate the development of critical thinking skills of nursing students. Thinking is one of the functions of the brain and this function can work well if the body is in a healthy state and the environment that provides stimulation. To carry out the process of nursing nurses are required to perform cognitive activities in critical thinking that required several components including: knowledge, assessment, competence, attitudes and standards of critical thinking in the nursing process starting from the process of Assessment, Nursing Diagnosis, Nursing Planning, Implementation and evaluation which all constitute standards of professional nursing practice. Nurses in fulfilling comprehensively use critical and professional skills so that the services provided are quality for both patients and nurses themselves.
The Origins of Religious Disbelief: A Dual Inheritance Approach
Authors: Gervais Will M , Najle Maxine Belén , Caluori Nava
Published: December 2019

Widespread religious disbelief represents a key testing ground for theories of religion. We evaluated the predictions of three prominent theoretical approaches – secularization, cognitive byproduct, and dual inheritance – in a nationally representative (USA, N = 1417) dataset with preregistered analyses, and found considerable support for the dual inheritance perspective. Of key predictors of religious disbelief, witnessing fewer credible cultural cues of religious commitment was the most potent, β = 0.28, followed distantly by reflective cognitive style, β = 0.13, and less advanced mentalizing, β = 0.05. Low cultural exposure predicted about 90% higher odds of atheism than did peak cognitive reflection, and cognitive reflection only predicted disbelief among those relatively low in cultural exposure to religion. This highlights the utility of considering both evolved intuitions and transmitted culture, and emphasizes the dual roles of content- and context-biased social learning in the cultural transmission of disbelief. preprint https://psyarxiv.com/e29rt/.
Experience Sampling of the Degree of Mind Wandering Distinguishes Hidden Attentional States
Authors: Zanesco Anthony Paul , Denkova Ekaterina , Witkin Joanna , Jha Amishi P.
Published: December 2019

Experience sampling of attentional states has consistently demonstrated that mind wandering is a frequent and disruptive obstacle when one must sustain attention during continuous task performance. Yet, methods commonly used to assess the subjective experience of mind wandering may conflate several potential sources of meaningful variation in individuals’ degree of task engagement. In the present study, we examined evidence for distinct and identifiable patterns in subjective reports of the degree of task-related attentional focus during a sustained attention task in a large sample of adults (N = 537). Experience sampling probes embedded in the task assessed task-related focus using a continuum of response ratings ranging from 1 (on-task) to 6 (off-task). Participants used a range of probe response options in categorizing their current attentional state, and the continuum of probe ratings differentiated patterns of behavioral performance in the moments preceding probes. Markov-chain modeling of the categorical time series sequence of probe ratings further revealed distinct and behaviorally relevant hidden states underlying probe rating behavior. We replicated these findings in two additional independent data sets. Collectively, these findings suggest that three or more hidden attentional states best account for subjective ratings of task-related focus. The implications of these findings for models of sustained attention and mind wandering are discussed.
Interactions Between Lower- and Higher-Level Processing when Reading in a Second Language: An Eye-Tracking Study
Authors: Hessel Annina , Schroeder Sascha
Published: December 2019

This experiment investigated interactions between lower- and higher-level processing when reading in a second language (L2). We conducted an eye-tracking experiment with the within-subject manipulation inconsistency (to tap higher-level coherence-building) crossed with a within-subject manipulation of word processing difficulty (to alter the ease of lower-level processing), both manipulated on the text level. Sixty-three L2 learners read 48 short expository texts containing inconsistencies created through mismatches between pre-targets such as soya and targets such as corn, or consistent controls. Word processing difficulty was manipulated by inserting either shorter and higher-frequency words such as often, or longer and lower-frequency words such as increasingly. We found evidence of interactions between lower-level word processing difficulty and higher-level coherence-building, as revealed by reduced inconsistency go-past durations and rereading in the difficult condition. This effect did not, however, extend to targeted regressions into inconsistent information. Our findings provide first experimental evidence for online interactions between lower-level word processing and higher-level coherence-building.
Quantified bodies, exclusion, and the history of randomised clinical trials
Authors: Toth Ben
Published: December 2019

Based on a paper given at the Conference on Quantification of Bodies, University of Coimbra November 2019. The standard historiography of clinical trials, at least in Britain, is built around the trial of streptomycin as a treatment for tuberculosis organised by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) in the late 1940s. A series of clinical trials took place in Glasgow in the 1930s which doesn’t feature in the standard account. The reasons for their exclusion, and why they did take place, are the subject of this paper.In recovering the context in which the Glasgow clinical trials took place three factors stand out. Firstly, the practice operated by the Glasgow Corporation of treating most cases of skin infection by hospitalising patients. Secondly, the high degree of interconnectivity between voluntary and state-funded hospitals in Glasgow at the time. Thirdly, the belief of Thomas Anderson in the value of biometry as a basis for evaluating therapies.These factors can be given names. The first is the moral economy of medicine - the practice of establishing fever and isolation hospitals as part of hospital provision in Glasgow in the nineteenth century. The second is the political economy of medicine - the relationships among doctors, especially the degree of interconnectedness between the health systems associated with the University of Glasgow and the Corporation of Glasgow. The third is the mathematization of causality - in this case, the biometric sensibilities of Thomas Anderson: his understanding of, expertise, and belief in, the efficacy of quantification as a means of progress in scientific medicine.
La percepción de la identidad colectiva a partir de lo cómico
Authors: Pérez Armijos Jorge Luis
Published: December 2019

[Castellano] Este ensayo compara lo dicho en diferentes contextos por George Meredith, Ramón Gómez de la Serna y Henri Bergson sobre el humor de un territorio a partir de varios referentes literarios. Se discute, entonces, sobre la posibilidad y los factores que atribuirían a la idea de que un territorio tenga un humor particular. Los países a los que estos tres autores hacen referencia son España, Francia, Italia y, sobretodo, Inglaterra.[English] This essay discusses the ideas of George Meredith, Ramón Gómez de la Serna and Henri Bergson regarding the attributes of a national identity that has a recognizable humour. All of these authors, in different contexts and lengths, wrote about how a territory had certain humoristic traits. Behind this is the idea of a single referent taking over the narrative that later becomes a national identity. These authors referred to Spain, France and Italy– but, most often, England.
From robots to social robots. Trends, representation and Facebook engagement of robot-related news stories published by Italian online news media
Authors: Righetti Nicola , Carradore Marco
Published: December 2019

In recent decades, robots, social robots and artificial intelligence have increasingly entered daily life, affirming their presence not only in traditional spheres such as industrial production, but also gaining access to social reproduction, expressive functions and domestic activities. Considering the social relevance robots have now acquired, this essay aims at investigating their cultural representations in Italian online news media. More specifically, the study investigates trends of robot-related topics in online newspaper coverage and Facebook engagement over time, and analyzes news topics through text mining techniques. The study relies on a dataset of about 3,000 news stories published between 2014 and 2018 by some 100 different Italian news media. Results show a constant increase in news relating to robots, a major interest in work issues and a thematic shift over time: more recent topics describe the social-reproduction functions of robots. Finally, some suggestions for future research are outlined.
Polychronic knowledge of Health and Healthcare and Polythetic Culture: A Diachronic Perspective
Authors: Kumar Rakesh
Published: December 2019

The geological stratigraphy and archaeological record documents the patterns of continuous adaptation of human being over generations. However, within the archaeological discourse, the concept of health and healthcare has always conversed as disease evidence or injuries in palaeopathology or occasional description of surgical involvement (interface between survival need and disease) as a mechanism or skill of healing. Bio-anthropologist and archaeologist used to find out causal explanation for the reasons of death from the excavated skeleton by practising paleopathology (which includes palaeohistology. Paleoepidemiology, DNA analysis, and differential Analysis). But fails to create an informal space where biology unites with culture. This theoretical paper will critically examine the possibilities to highlight the diluted concept of health and healthcare in the archaeological debate of the organic evolution with the help of community-based archaeology along with the examination of material residue to remodel past health in present as a bio-cultural component.
Exploring the personal and professional factors associatedwith student evaluations of tenure-track faculty
Authors: Murray Dakota , Boothby Clara , Zhao Huimeng , Minik Vanessa , Bérubé Nicolas , Larivière Vincent , Sugimoto Cassidy R.
Published: December 2019

Tenure-track faculty members in the United States are evaluated on their performance in both research and teaching. In spite of accusations of bias and invalidity, student evaluations of teaching have dominated teaching evaluation at U.S. universities. However, studies on the topic have tended to be limited to particular institutional and disciplinary contexts. Moreover, in spite of the idealistic assumption that research and teaching are mutually beneficial, few studies have examined the link between research performance and student evaluations of teaching. In this study, we conduct a large scale exploratory analysis of the factors associated with student evaluations of teachers, controlling for heterogeneous institutional and disciplinary contexts. We source public student evaluations of teaching fromRateMyProfessor.comand information regarding career and contemporary research performance indicators from the companyAcademicAnalytics. The factors most associated with higher student ratings were the attractiveness of the faculty and the student’s interest in the class; the factors most associated with lower student ratings were course difficulty and whether student comments mentioned an accent or a teaching assistant. Moreover, faculty tended to be rated more highly when they were young, male, White, in the Humanities, and held arank of full professor. We observed little to no evidence of any relationship, positive or negative, between student evaluations of teaching and research performance. These results shed light on what factors relate to student evaluations of teaching across diverse contexts and contribute to the continuing discussion teaching evaluation and faculty assessment.
Does Downward Social Mobility Make People More Hostile Towards Immigrants?
Authors: Paskov Marii , Präg Patrick , Richards Lindsay
Published: December 2019

This study explores the relationships between intergenerational social class mobility and attitudes towards immigration. We interpret a failure to keep up with parental social class (i.e. downward mobility) as an indicator that individual’s status achievements lag behind expectations and contribute to subjective feelings of loss and decline. An innovative feature of this paper is that we investigate both whether individual’s mobility experience -- micro level -- and also whether opportunity structures -- mobility on a macro level -- are linked with attitudes towards immigration. In contexts with high downward-mobility, opportunities for moving up are limited and hence perceived economic decline and loss might lead to more hostility towards immigrants. By contrast, high upward mobility expands opportunities for all and as such might promote positive attitudes towards immigrants. We use the European Social Survey data (2002-10) and conduct analyses on 30 countries using diagonal reference models that allow the effects of individual mobility trajectory to be disentangled from origin status and destination status. Our results show that the working classes hold stronger anti-immigration attitudes and parental class continues to exert an effect on attitudes in adulthood even after accounting for individual’s own social class position. Being downwardly mobile from parental class does not appear to be associated with more hostility towards immigrants, except in a few European countries like Italy, Poland, and Greece. Our random-effects meta-regression models show, however, that people living in contexts of high downward mobility are more hostile towards immigrants compared to people in contexts with high upward mobility.
Use of Peer Observation for Self-enhancement
Authors: Adhikari Bal Ram
Published: December 2019

The present article concerns the use of peer observation, particularly in the context of microteaching, for self-enhancement. The study followed a mixed methods design comprising survey and focused discussion. The data were collected from prospective external evaluators of teaching practice who participated in the training session entitled Find Good Practices of Teaching Demonstrated by their Peers and Adopt and Adapt According to their Needs so as to find out the participants' perspectives on observing their peers' classes and benefits they reaped from the observation. Analysis of the participants' written and oral accounts reveals that peer observation is a rewarding learning experience; and observation is likely to be fruitful when it is preceded by self-inquiry, that is, identification of what the observer himself/herself is lacking and followed by critical reflection on the observed lesson and the observer's own practice. Also, the peer's weaknesses can be employed as a critical incident to question one's own teaching behavior.
Linguistic Landscapes in Multilingual Nepal: Urban Context
Authors: Kandel Basanta
Published: December 2019

Diversity in the linguistic landscape is a common phenomenon in multilingual country Nepal. We observe varied textual forms of language and signs in public spaces and spheres that surround us. Therefore, this study concerns to analyze the signs in linguistic landscapes in multilingual urban settings in Nepal. It reveals the status of different languages, deals with issues related to multilingualism, language policy, linguistic diversity, minority languages, hierarchies, and users. Besides, it observes intricacies of language contact and choice, power and status of language groups, and sociolinguistic situation. For this, observation and interpretative method of qualitative research were employed, 150 photographs were purposively snapped from five urban spaces in two month time. The signs were analyzed, compared and contrasted using a thematic approach with relevant theoretical backup. The finding revealed that the choice of language on signs bases on sign writer’s skill, presumed reader and symbolic value (Spolsky & Cooper, 1991). The study explored that the majority of urban linguistic landscapes are occupied by English signs, and English imperialism is a greater challenge for Nepali and vernacular languages. It is inferred that diversity in linguistic landscapes is the concrete manifestation of multilingual society where languages battle for their existence; therefore, the multilingual policy is the stipulation of the day.
Innovations in Multilingual Classroom: Exploring Teachers' Experiences
Authors: Poudel Guru Prasad
Published: December 2019

This article explores the English language teachers' innovative practices on multilingual education and their experiences on using multilingual strategies in the classroom. In order to find out the teachers' innovative practices in multilingual education and their strategies for multilingual instruction, a semi structured interview and small group discussion was taken. The results of the study concluded that English language teachers involved their students in the use of multiple languages that they know for developing content knowledge. The teachers believed that multilingual approach supports the students to be linguistically and culturally resourceful. As a part of the experiences of the use of multilingual strategies, the study identified that the teachers linked up vocabulary meaning in different language; used translation as a technique to clarify the concept; provided exposure in multiple languages, facilitated the learners to be bilingual through language transfer; encouraged students to contribute something in their own language; allowed questions in students' own languages; and used as many languages as possible as the resource pool to impart information to the students.
Writing Skill: An Instructional Overview
Authors: Gautam Pitamber
Published: December 2019

Writing skill is a product of ingenuity carved through knowledge, learning, creativity and intellectual uprightness. An individual with sound writing skills is regarded high in dignity and receives elevated opportunities everywhere in competitive examinations, job opportunities, promotions and social services. Regarding the discipline of teaching and learning a language, proficiency in writing skill deserves an irrelative significance. In spite of being an unsurmountably significant skill, numerous learners and pedagogues still seem to be bewildering for specifying the actual crux of theoretical knowledge and pedagogical procedures of writing in a compact document. In order to bridge up this goal, this study attempts to open some pertinent horizons in terms of its objectives, approaches, types, components and cannons for evaluation through document analysis method, a major component of qualitative research design. Fairly a large number of document based views, ideas, opinions, definitions, approaches and guidelines have been analyzed critically. Obviously, the resources covered in the review, results and discussion section would prove to be reliable sources for the prospective learners and researchers. The study concludes that the teachers and syllabus designers have to keep themselves up-to-date with process based current approaches, methods and techniques alongside their theoretical and practical foundations. The most noteworthy insight drawn is that there are not any specific methods and techniques comprehensive enough to capture all the facets of teaching writing skill. Therefore, the teacher has to select and implement the best ones from a wide range of methods and techniques eclectically by musing on the classroom stakeholders deeply.
Postmethod Pedagogy in Teaching English as a Foreign Language: Students' Perceptions
Authors: Kandel Rajan Kumar
Published: December 2019

The study deals with the background context of postmethod pedagogy (PMP henceforth), a context-sensitive and critically practical pedagogy, differentiating it from the traditional concept of teaching by adhering strictly to a particular method of teaching a foreign language (the English language here) with reference to Nepal. It aims to explore the perception and inclination of M. Phil. pursuing students towards PMP in EFL teaching in Nepal. Google form of a questionnaire consisting of closed-ended items was used to collect data from 81 (of whom 65replied) M. Phil. pursuing (in English Education) scholars from Nepal Open University and Tribhuvan University. It revealed the gradual shift of ELT practitioners of Nepal from method-based instruction to PMP along with the intents of parameters of PMP, called pedagogy of particularity that advocates context-sensitivity in teaching and learning, pedagogy of practicality that insists for practicality and teacher-generated theories (theory of practice), and pedagogy of possibility that elicits the critical consciousness of the practitioners in terms of their socio-cultural context with adequate illustration. It was found that M. Phil. pursuing students had a positive attitude and supportive perception towards PMP leading to local and contextual superiority in pedagogy over the afforded methods although the local may be the hybrid of many foreign methods leading to an eclectic method.
A.I. in Islam: The Crossroad of A.I. and Islamic Teachings
Authors: Zakariah Helmi
Published: December 2019

Mankind in its historical narrative – almost always immodestly regards itself as the most intelligent among all God’s creation. Either through a self – label of “Homo Sapiens” (the wise men) or the dogma of being the Khalifah (leader) of the earth. But what does it mean by intelligence? What is the epistemology (origin) of our collective knowledge? And does it bring us closer to wisdom? These points that we commonly take for granted, must be examined continuously in our trending pursuit of translating (or, imposing) our thinking architecture to machine learning and Artificial Intelligence. From the origin of the commonly-used term “algorithm” in A.I. (spoiler: it was originally coined by a Muslim mathematician of the 9th century, of a similar-sounding name) to the interjunction of A.I. and the concept of Ihsan, this plenary intends to demystify A.I. and an attempt to harmonize this leap-of-faith tool, into a tool for the faithfulInternational Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2019 Page: 9
Uberisation of Healthcare
Authors: Abdullah Noor Hisham
Published: December 2019

As a nation currently facing a multitude of challenges, the digital health revolution is indeed timely. Globally, many are now seeking innovative solutions to address the shift ing demographics, increasing burden of chronic diseases, environmental changes, urbanisat ion, globalisation and technological advancements. These common challenges that we face affect health, one way or the other. Technology is disrupting conventional knowledge, practices and business models of many sectors, including healthcare. Services/technologies such as online platforms, mHealth, internet of things (IoT), wearable devices, machine learning, big data and artificial intelligence (AI) allow more efficient and effective healthcare service delivery. These disruptions are opportunities for us to solve some of the health-related challenges facing the world today. Malaysia is witnessing rapid growth of the digital marketplace with the mushrooming of Online Health Services facilitated and enabled by technology platforms. The term ‘Uberisation of Healthcare’ is widely used in this context. This democratisation of healthcare and the great potential to healthcare offered by the digital revolution is the new paradigm embracing the delivery of care. However, ethical and regulatory frameworks are necessary and must be guided by the principles of patient safety, quality of care, confidentialit y, accountability and traceability. The safe practice of digital health should keep the consumers of health care at the heart of the adoption.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2019 Page: 10
Moving beyond Protection with PULSE - Using A.I. to make healthcare more affordable and accessible
Authors: Mohd Zahari Mohd Zameen Azuan
Published: December 2019

The world has never been more connected. According to leading market intelligence firm, IDC, there will be a staggering 25 million mobile applications by 2020 with a total of 50 trillion GB of data available worldwide. Mobile applications are not only taking the world by storm, it is also redefining and transforming healthcare delivery and experience. Currently there are over 325,000 health apps available in the top app stores worldwide with more than 200 apps being added each day. Worldwide, we are seeing how digital tools are leading to better and faster healthcare and making healthcare more empowering and accessible for the people. Goldman Sachs predicts that the digital revolution could potentially save healthcare providers USD300 billion. While the adoption of digital health tools such as mobile health apps holds great promise of improving healthcare access and patient outcomes, on the flip side, the popularity of health apps is also posing enormous and unprecedented risks to consumers’ privacy. PAMB is proactively transforming itself from a health payer to a holistic health manager through the implementation of PULSE, Prudential’s Health Ecosystem using the Prevent-Postpone-Protect strategy. In addition, Prudential has put measures in place to safeguard consumers’ privacy to ensure that data security is not compromised as we leverage on digital technology to provide consumers with instant, reliable and relevant health information at their fingertips as we empower and encourage the public to take charge of their health anytime, anywhere.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2019 Page: 16
Policy and Regulation in Digital Health
Authors: Allaudin Fazilah Shaik
Published: December 2019

The dawn of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the advances in telecommunicatio n are presenting multiple strategies and challenges ahead which includes policy and regulat ion, clinical evidence, safety and quality, medical ethics and clinical practice. However, these disruptions are also creating new opportunities to solve some of the biggest health-rela ted challenges facing the world today. The democratization of care and the great potential to health care offered by the digital revolution is the new paradigm embracing the delivery of care. The deployment of these new technologies and advances is progressing faster than regulator y framework can react. At the same time new technologies can deepen healthcare inequalities and unaffordability. Since 2018, efforts are underway by MOH to review and develop regulator y strategies and policies to foster digital health technologies, advocate translational research, spur innovations and boost the digital economy while at the same time, building an enabling ecosystem in Malaysia. New service models, technologies and innovations must be based on the principles of value-based, safety, quality, confidentiality, accountability and traceabilit y. The safe practice of digital health should keep the consumers of health care at the heart of the adoption.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2019 Page: 23
Gadget Addiction: Opioid of the Era?
Authors: Zakaria Rozanizam
Published: December 2019

Technology has certainly helped human race to advance forward and created the informa t ion revolution. Gadgets armed with internet have transformed our lives in many ways and shifted our paradigm regarding human relationship, works and life in general in this era of instant gratification. While technology has nurtured the human race, questions raise regarding the limit in which these two are interconnected. Does this advancement simplify life or actually make it more complex? As per suggested by the Hooked Theory, business model of internet, social medial and digital applications revolve around satisfying human needs, targeting our very own brain reward circuit. This has created concerns among sociologists, psychiatrists and psychologists regarding the potential rise of ‘new opioid’ for the era – the gadgets. We will discuss range of epidemiological data to visualize the severity of the situation and highlights different views on the concept of gadget addiction. This includes understanding the difficult y in coming to term regarding whether our over-attachment to gadget is a form behavioura l addiction or merely a transient social trend. From Hikikomori phenomenon to cyber-induced depression, the topic will also elaborate various impacts of gadget addiction, primarily on mental and psychological health, interpersonal relationship and human behavior. In particular, the focus will be on the impact of gadget addiction towards vulnerable groups, especially children and adolescents. The discussion will also integrate various practical holistic solutions to the problem without denying the integral role that technology has in our life.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2019 Page: 24
Suboptimal Sleep Among E-athletes: Do E-athletes Need More Game Play to Win?
Authors: Ismail Khairil Idham , Helmi Munawwar , Mohd Kamil Muhammad Kashani , Razali Zul Azlin
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Empirical evidences are escalating to suggest that E-athletes are at threat of suboptimal sleep due to its relation to video gaming. Furthermore, digital gaming is also included in the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) as gaming disorder. Disruption stages of sleep and difficulty in sleeping are shown to have associated with video gaming due to reduce quality and quantity of sleep. Currently, the paucity of grounded literature limits the knowledge of suboptimal sleep threat and their risk factors for performance among Eathletes.Objective: Our aim is to provide opinion and to illustrate fundamental causes of suboptima l sleep among E-athletes and its consequences.Methods: Review of literature in relevance to sleep and E-sports were carried out in broader discipline of sleep and sport medicine. Bowtie diagram tool was used to illustrate the causeeffect- consequences relationship.Results: The potential causes for suboptimal sleep among E-athletes include evening use of light emitting device, pre-existing health status, incessant travel, overtraining and stimula nt abuse. The potential consequences include increase in cardiovascular strain, impaired cognit ive function, unhealthy behaviours, mental health like gaming disorder and increased risk of noncommunicable disease.Conclusion: The relationship of suboptimal sleep and its consequences such as impaired cognitive function and deleterious effect which eventually affected performance are well described in sleep medicine discipline. In view that E-sports performance demands high cognitive function abilities, we hypothesize that performance of E-athletes could also be affected due to suboptimal sleep obtained. We argue Eathletes require more time on training for better performance. In contrast, proper mentoring, guided and goal-directed for specific skills and tactics are essential for determining Eathletes performance to win. Our review could assist stakeholders in E-sports arena strategically managing sleep among E-athletes for better performance to win. Nonetheless, future research should be carried out to establish the causation.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2019 Page: 28
Development and validation of Smartphone based Health Education Module towards the prevention of respiratory tract infection in Malaysian Hajj pilgrims
Authors: DG Mohammed , H Habsah , NN Naing , MA Rafie , WA Nadiah , WN Arifin , AB Aisha
Published: December 2019

Objectives: We aimed to develop and evaluate the efficacy of a health education program for increasing knowledge, changing attitudes and promoting preventive practices to reduce the incidence of RTIs among Malaysian Hajj pilgrims.Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 132 Hajj pilgrims attending Hajj orientation programme organized by a private Hajj companies. Hajj pilgrims were sequentia lly enrolled and assigned to receive smartphone health education application in the intervent ion group (n = 66) and another different smartphone application on general Hajj process in the control group (n = 66). Data were collected from August 2018 to April 2019 at baseline prior to departure and post-intervention, immediately after return from Saudi Arabia using a validated questionnaire.Results: There was no significant difference with respect to socio-demographic characterist ics, KAP of the respondents in the intervention and control group at baseline. However, there was significant improvement in knowledge in the intervention group compared to the control group, based on time (p = 0.005, ἠ2 = 0.075) and group and time interaction (p = 0.031, ἠ2 = 0.046). Likewise, there was significant improvement in attitude based on time (p = 0.035, ἠ2 = 0.044). Similarly, there was significant main effect in practice based on time (p = <0.001, ἠ2 = 0.155) and interaction of group with time (p = 0.042, ἠ2 = 0.041).International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2019 Page: 30
The Level of Confidence, Readiness and its Associated Factors Among Medical Graduates Prior to House Officer (HO) Training
Authors: Rashid Aneesa Abdul , Ghazali Sazlina Shariff , Mohamad Iliana , Roslan Dalila , Musa Husna , Mawardi Maliza
Published: December 2019

Introduction: House officers are reported to feel less confident in working, especially in the initial part of their training. Among the factors that make them feel unprepared are in terms of adequate knowledge, clinical skills and dealing with workload. The impact of less confident house officers (HO) can lead to detrimental effects.Objectives: This study aims to look into the confidence and readiness levels of medical graduates prior to starting a HO preparatory course and factors associate.Methods: This is a cross sectional questionnaire study done among medical graduates between April – September 2018. This is part of a bigger study looking into the effectiveness of this course, which was initially organised under the Islamic Medical Association of Malaysia (IMAM) and later privatized to Medicorp (a medical training company for junior doctors). 238 participants who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria, completed the adapted IMU Competency survey pre and post the course. Their level of confidence and readiness to work was scored out of a Likert scale of 1 to 5. The higher the score, the higher the confidence or readiness to work.Results: We found significant association of confidence levels pre-course with ethnic it y (p=0.038). The scores were 2.0 (IQR=2.0), 2.0 (IQR=2.0), 3.0 (IQR=1.0), 2.5 (IQR=1.25) for Malay, Chinese, Indian and others respectively. We report significant associations with level of confidence (p=0.03) and readiness (p=0.08) not only prior, but levels of confidence (p<0.001) and readiness (p<0.001) after the course in association with place of study. Significant association was found for levels of confidence (p=0.048) and readiness (p=0.07) according to gender for scores post-course which were both 3.0 (IQR=1.0) and 4.0 (IQR=1.0) for females and males respectively.Conclusion: Confidence level to start work were higher for the Indian ethnicity before the HOpreparatory- course. Confidence and readiness levels were higher in male after the course, and locally graduated participants pre and post course.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2019 Page: 41
Temporal Bone Metastasis of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma in an Asymptomatic Patient: A Rare Case
Authors: Mohamed Ahmad Khairi , Mohamad Irfan , Nawi Norazlina Mat , Mohd Rohani Mohd Fazrin
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Thyroid carcinomas are classified according to their histological subtypes, namely: papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), medullar y carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma. PTC usually spread to the lymph node which can be the presenting complaint, whereas FTC tends to have distant metastasis owing to its propensity of hematogenous spread. Differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC) such as papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) have a better prognosis compare to medullary and undifferentiated types. FTC constitutes around 10 to 25% of thyroid malignancies. Despite of its rarity compared to PTC, FTC tends to have distant metastases to lungs and bones. Usually long bones such as femur are more affected. Metastases to the skull and skull base are rare with only few reported cases. We report a case of temporal bone metastasis in an asymptomatic follicular thyroid carcinoma, which was detected on Iodine-131 (131I) scan and characterized on single-photon emission computed tomography/ computed tomography (SPECT/CT) scan.Conclusion: Temporal bone is a rare metastatic site of FTC. Early detection and prompt treatment play a vital role in patients’ survival and reducing the metastatic risk. In post total thyroidectomy patients, post ablation 131I whole body scan with SPECT/CT and serum thyroglobulin correlation is essential in detection of distant metastasis in asymptomatic patients.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2019 Page: 42
Breast Cancer Screening Practice: Awareness among Women in Muar District
Authors: Marzo Roy Rillera , Ahmad Amaluddin , Talukder Turani , Win Myat Thida , Soe Maung Maung
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. The most recent estimate indicated that there are more than 1.6 million new cases of breast cancer worldwide yearly.Objectives: To assess the level of awareness on breast cancer screening practice among women in Muar.Methods: This is a quantitative cross-sectional survey done on 383 respondents in Muar where participants’ age ranged from 18-80 years. The study used a two-step sampling method namely cluster and simple random sampling. Descriptive analysis was used to describe participant s’ socio-demographic characteristics while chi square was used to present the results.Results: Conventional method of breast cancer awareness campaign currently available is probably unsatisfactory. In our survey, only 52.38% of vulnerable aged women among our study subjects in Muar have any knowledge or awareness on breast cancer screening practices. Factors influencing knowledge and awareness of breast cancer screening practices were greatly influenced by level of education and level of household monthly income. Only 50 to 60% of respondents in group 1 (18-25 years), group 2 (26-31 years), group 3 (32- 37 years) performs Breast Self-Examination (BSE). The practice of clinical breast examina t ion among women in group 4 (38-43 years) group 5 (44-50 years) and group 6 (>50 years) only ranged between as low as 30% to a maximum of 50% while annual mammogram screening was only 20% in group 5 and 30% in group 6.Conclusion: The results of the study proved poor knowledge and practices of breast screening practices among vulnerable women in Muar district. Compliance to clinical breast examina t ion and mammogram is even lower.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2019 Page: 43
A Case of Temporal Bone Abscess in an Immunocompromised Patient
Authors: Kion Andrew Tan Kie , Othman Nik Adilah Nik
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Acute otitis media (AOM) is an otological disease that is usually self-limit ing. However, certain AOM complicates with abscess development over the deep neck cavity (Bezold's abscess), occiptal abscess (Citelli's) or beneath the temporal muscle (Luc's abscess). Luc's abscess was described as a more benign form of AOM that seldom require extensive surgical drainage.Case report: We report a case of a subperiosteal temporal bone abscess in an immunocompromised patient, which resolved with local drainage of abscess and cultureoriented antimicrobial.Conclusion: Luc's abscess is a rare form of the complication of otitis media, associated with relatively lower morbidity, better prognosis, and requires a limited surgical intervention. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) temporal bone is highly recommended to evaluate the extent of the disease and to decide for further treatment strategy. The choice of surgery should also be tailored to the patient's premorbid factor.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2019 Page: 45
Making the World a Better Place: Sharing Experiences at Malaysian Field Hospital, Bangladesh via Photos and Written Communication
Authors: S Huzairi , SZ Nada , AB Khalilah , B Shamsul
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Malaysian Field Hospital (MFH) in the district of Ukhia, Bangladesh has been operating since December 2017. It is an effort by the Malaysian government to assist in the humanitarian crisis involving Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh.Objective: To share experiences in the tertiary care services provided by MFH.Methods: Visits to the MFH and refugee camps were made by volunteers. With consent, personal interviews with staff and patients were conducted and recorded on paper or by photography.Results: MFH provides specialist care in general surgery, internal medicine, anaesthesiology, obstetrics & gynaecology, intensive care as well as general in-patient and outpatient services. It also provides X-ray imaging, transfusion, dental, pharmacist, logistic, administrative and utensil sterilization services. MFH acts as a referral centre for 286 primary health clinics and secondary hospitals including the Turkish Field Hospital, Medicins Sans Frontieres (MSF), International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) and HOPE hospital. Up to 31st December 2018, MFH has treated 50,588 patients and conducted 1,268 surgica l procedures. In partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), MFH has been involved in the strategic planning to ease refugee influx.Conclusion: Information sharing through stories and photos depicting the actual situation in refugee camps should be facilitated to promote awareness and to positively alter the mass’ attitude and perceptions whilst preserving confidentiality and dignity.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2019 Page: 51