bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OTUB1-mediated deubiquitination of FOXM1 up-regulates ECT-2 to promote tumor progression in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Kai , Mai Haixing , Zheng Song , Cai Weizhong , Yang Xu , Chen Zhenlin , Zhan Bin
Published: March 2020

Background

OTUB1 (ovarian tumor domain protease domain-containing ubiquitin aldehyde-binding proteins)-mediated deubiquitination of FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1) participates in carcinogenesis of various tumors. We aim to investigate the effect and mechanism of OTUB1/FOXM1 on RCC (renal cell carcinoma) progression. Expression levels of OTUB1 in RCC tissues and cell lines were examined by qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) and immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation was measured with CCK8 (Cell Counting Kit-8) and colony formation assays. Wound healing and transwell assays were used to determine cell migration and invasion, respectively. The effect of OTUB1 on FOXM1 ubiquitination was examined by Immunoprecipitation. Western blot was used to uncover the underlying mechanism. In vivo subcutaneous xenotransplanted tumor model combined with immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to examine the tumorigenic function of OTUB1.

Results

OTUB1 was up-regulated in RCC tissues and cell lines, and was associated with poor prognosis of RCC patients. Knockdown of OTUB1 inhibited cell viability and proliferation, as well as migration and invasion of RCC cells. Mechanistically, knockdown of OTUB1 down-regulated FOXM1 expression by promoting its ubiquitination. Down-regulation of FOXM1 inhibited ECT2 (epithelial cell transforming 2)-mediated Rho signaling. Moreover, the inhibition of RCC progression caused by OTUB1 knockdown was reversed by FOXM1 over-expression. In vivo subcutaneous xenotransplanted tumor model also revealed that knockdown of OTUB1 could suppress in vivo RCC growth via down-regulation of FOXM1-mediated ECT2 expression.

Conclusions

OTUB1-mediated deubiquitination of FOXM1 up-regulates ECT-2 to promote tumor progression in RCC, providing a new potential therapeutic target for RCC treatment.
The prevalence of hypoxemia among pediatric and adult patients presenting to healthcare facilities in low- and middle-income countries: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lam Felix , Subhi Rami , Houdek Jason , Schroder Kate , Battu Audrey , Graham Hamish
Published: March 2020

Background

Hypoxemia is a severe condition associated with high rates of mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with poor access to oxygen therapy. Despite its clinical significance, there have been few studies to describe the burden of hypoxemia. Thus, the primary objective of this study is to systematically describe the prevalence of hypoxemia among pediatric and adult patients in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods/design

Standard systematic review methods will be used. Bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL) will be searched from 1998 onwards. The search strategy aims to identify studies that have measured peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) in children and adults presenting to health facilities in LMICs. Studies will be included if oxygen saturation measurements by pulse oximetry were measured. No studies will be excluded based on study design though patients recruited from intensive care units and post-operative care will be excluded. The primary outcome is the prevalence of hypoxemia on presentation to the healthcare facility. We define hypoxemia on the basis of SpO2 measurements, and use a threshold of SpO2 less than 90% at sea level though allow for a lower threshold for studies conducted at higher altitude and where justified. Standardized tools will be used to extract data on number of patients with SpO2 measurements, number of patients with hypoxemia, patient population characteristics, and study characteristics. Quality of the included studies will be assessed using the “Checklist for Prevalence Studies” developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. If there are enough studies to do so, we will conduct meta-analysis using a random effects model to estimate prevalence of hypoxemia and conduct subgroup analyses by age and disease groups.

Discussion

Hypoxemia is a critical condition and understanding the burden of hypoxemia may support decision-making in LMICs to deploy pulse oximeters and oxygen treatments more efficiently to address diseases and patient populations with the highest burden. Previous studies on hypoxemia prevalence have focused too narrowly on a few diseases or specific patient populations (e.g., pneumonia in children under five) whereas any effort to improve access to oxygen requires understanding of the potential demand for oxygen for all diseases and population groups. Governments, UN agencies, donors, and NGOs are investing strongly to improve oxygen systems in LMICs. Effective oxygen system planning requires estimation of oxygen need, informed by robust data on hypoxemia prevalence and admission patterns at all the levels of the health system. This study aims to fill that gap by providing comprehensive estimates of hypoxemia prevalence.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42019136622.
Criteria for a certain class of the Carathéodory functions and their applications
Authors: Cho Nak Eun , Srivastava H. M. , Analouei Adegani Ebrahim , Motamednezhad Ahmad
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we obtain some potentially useful conditions (or criteria) for the Carathéodory functions as a certain class of analytic functions by applying Nunokawa’s lemma. We also obtain several conditions for strong starlikeness and close-to-convexity as special cases of the main results presented here.
Exponential type convexity and some related inequalities
Authors: Kadakal Mahir , İşcan İmdat
Published: March 2020

In this manuscript, we give and study the concept of exponential type convex functions and some of their algebraic properties. We prove two Hermite–Hadamard (H-H) type integral inequalities for the newly introduced class of functions. We also obtain some refinements of the H-H inequality for functions whose first derivative in absolute value at certain power is exponential type convex.
Study of implicit delay fractional differential equations under anti-periodic boundary conditions
Authors: Ali Arshad , Shah Kamal , Abdeljawad Thabet
Published: March 2020

This research work is related to studying a class of special type delay implicit fractional order differential equations under anti-periodic boundary conditions. With the help of classical fixed point theory due to Schauder and Banach, we derive some results about the existence of at least one solution. Further, we also study some results including Hyers–Ulam, generalized Hyers–Ulam, Hyers–Ulam Rassias, and generalized Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability. We provide some test problems for illustrating our analysis.
3D inversion of the Sichuan Basin magnetic anomaly in South China and its geological significance
Authors: Wang Jie , Yao Changli , Li Zelin , Zheng Yuanman , Shen Xuhui , Zeren Zhima , Liu Wenlong
Published: March 2020

The Sichuan Basin magnetic anomaly is the most striking regional aeromagnetic anomaly in South China. It is characterized by a continuous large-scale linear magnetic anomaly and contains long-wavelength constituents which could still be detected on satellites. However, Sichuan Basin is covered by 4 to 10 km thick non-magnetic sedimentary layers from Neoproterozoic to Cenozoic, which conceals the magnetic sources in the Precambrian basement and makes it difficult to explore the geological origin of the Sichuan Basin magnetic anomaly. In this study, we applied 3D inversion to the magnetic data, and then compared our inverted susceptibility model with geological maps. We found that the spatial distribution of the Sichuan Basin magnetic anomaly controls the range of the rigid basement beneath Sichuan Basin and it is surrounded by the widespread Neoproterozoic magmatic complexes. Based on our analysis, we proposed that the geological origin of the Sichuan Basin magnetic anomaly might be related to the craton-scale Neoproterozoic magmatic event, which has played an important role in the stabilization of the basement and the evolution of the deep crust in Sichuan Basin.
Stiff and safe task-space position and attitude controller for robotic manipulators
Authors: Byun Gyuho , Kikuuwe Ryo
Published: March 2020

This paper proposes a stiff and safe task-space position and attitude control scheme for robotic manipulators. This study extends the work of Kikuuwe et al’s. (2006) velocity-bounding proxy-based sliding mode control by explicitly addressing the attitude part. The proposed controller has a Jacobian-based structure, which realizes smooth trajectories when the desired attitude is far rotated from the actual attitude. It also imposes arbitrary magnitude limits on the end-effector velocity, angular velocity, and each actuator force without sacrificing a stiffness, which is the same level as a high-gain PID position control below the limits. The benefit of the proposed controller becomes apparent after the robot yields to external forces due to force saturations, when the robot makes contact with obstacles. In such a situation, if the external forces disappear, the controller generates overdamped resuming motion from large tracking errors. The proposed controller can be expected to enhance the safety of robotic applications for the human–robot interaction. The proposed method is validated by experiments employing a six-degree of freedom industrial manipulator.
Comparison of two elastic motion correction approaches for whole-body PET/CT: motion deblurring vs gate-to-gate motion correction
Authors: Pösse Stefanie , Büther Florian , Mannweiler Dirk , Hong Inki , Jones Judson , Schäfers Michael , Schäfers Klaus Peter
Published: March 2020

Background

Respiratory motion in PET/CT leads to well-known image degrading effects commonly compensated using elastic motion correction approaches. Gate-to-gate motion correction techniques are promising tools for improving clinical PET data but suffer from relatively long reconstruction times. In this study, the performance of a fast elastic motion compensation approach based on motion deblurring (DEB-MC) was evaluated on patient and phantom data and compared to an EM-based fully 3D gate-to-gate motion correction method (G2G-MC) which was considered the gold standard.

Methods

Twenty-eight patients were included in this study with suspected or confirmed malignancies in the thorax or abdomen. All patients underwent whole-body [18F]FDG PET/CT examinations applying hardware-based respiratory gating. In addition, a dynamic anthropomorphic thorax phantom was studied with PET/CT simulating tumour motion under controlled but realistic conditions. PET signal recovery values were calculated from phantom scans by comparing lesion activities after motion correction to static ground truth data. Differences in standardized uptake values (SUV) and metabolic volume (MV) between both reconstruction methods as well as between motion-corrected (MC) and non motion-corrected (NOMC) results were statistically analyzed using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results

Phantom data analysis showed high lesion recovery values of 91% (2 cm motion) and 98% (1 cm) for G2G-MC and 83% (2 cm) and 90% (1 cm) for DEB-MC. The statistical analysis of patient data found significant differences between NOMC and MC reconstructions for SUV max, SUV mean, MV, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for both reconstruction algorithms. Furthermore, both methods showed similar increases of 11–12% in SUV max and SUV mean after MC. The statistical analysis of the MC/NOMC ratio found no significant differences between the methods.

Conclusion

Both motion correction techniques deliver comparable improvements of SUV max, SUV mean, and CNR after MC on clinical and phantom data. The fast elastic motion compensation technique DEB-MC may thereby be a valuable alternative to state-of-the art motion correction techniques.
GAN-based synthetic brain PET image generation
Authors: Islam Jyoti , Zhang Yanqing
Published: March 2020

In recent days, deep learning technologies have achieved tremendous success in computer vision-related tasks with the help of large-scale annotated dataset. Obtaining such dataset for medical image analysis is very challenging. Working with the limited dataset and small amount of annotated samples makes it difficult to develop a robust automated disease diagnosis model. We propose a novel approach to generate synthetic medical images using generative adversarial networks (GANs). Our proposed model can create brain PET images for three different stages of Alzheimer’s disease—normal control (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Male breast metastasis of ureteral cancer: a case report
Authors: Ishikawa Yoshitaka , Tabei Isao , Fushimi Atsushi , Fuke Azusa , Sekine Chikako , Okamoto Tomoyoshi , Takeyama Hiroshi
Published: March 2020

Background

Breast metastasis from extra-mammary primary tumors is extremely rare. We recently experienced a rare case of a male breast metastasis of ureteral cancer and will provide a case report.

Case presentation

A 74-year-old man developed a ureteral cancer and underwent left nephroureterectomy with lymph node dissection. Although enlarged abdominal lymph nodes did not disappear completely after chemoradiotherapy, further extensive therapy was not performed. A mass just below the nipple of his right breast was acknowledged and he visited our department. Histological diagnosis was invasive carcinoma. It was initially diagnosed as a primary breast cancer, and he underwent a mastectomy and a sentinel lymph node biopsy. There was no intraductal lesion and the border of the tumor was clear. It was very similar to that of the previous ureteral cancer. The final diagnosis was breast metastasis of ureteral cancer rather than primary breast cancer. The postoperative course was good, but multiple lung metastases appeared 2 months after surgery. He eventually died of cancerous lymphangiopathy.

Conclusion

It is important to accurately diagnose primary breast cancer or breast metastasis so as not to cause extra-invasion, but it was considered difficult to make a complete preoperative diagnosis.
Thoracoscopic esophagectomy with left recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring for thoracic esophageal cancer in a patient with a right aortic arch: a case report
Authors: Ninomiya Yamato , Oguma Junya , Ozawa Soji , Koyanagi Kazuo , Kazuno Akihito , Yamamoto Miho , Yatabe Kentaro
Published: March 2020

Background

Surgery for cases of thoracic esophageal cancer with a right aortic arch is rare, and the anatomic abnormalities in such patients necessitate a different surgical approach. Since the position of the recurrent laryngeal nerve often differs from the usual in these cases, the lymph node dissection around the recurrent laryngeal nerve, which is an important step in surgery for thoracic esophageal cancer, requires careful attention. There are some reports on the usefulness of intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring during esophageal cancer surgery. Herein, we report a case of successful thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in a patient with a right aortic arch using intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring.

Case presentation

A 70-year-old man was diagnosed as having esophageal cancer (Ut, type 0-IIc, T1b/MtLt, type 0-IIc, T1b, N2, M0, cStage II) and was treated by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by radical surgery. Preoperative CT examination revealed a right aortic arch, and based on the findings of 3D-CT, we classified the right aortic arch as type IIIB1 (Edwards classification), which is the most frequent type of right aortic arch. We performed thoracoscopic esophagectomy via a left thoracic approach with the patient placed in the prone position, cervical esophagogastric conduit reconstruction via the retrosternal route, and three-field lymph node dissection. Although Kommerell’s diverticulum could be easily confirmed, the descending aorta took a meandering course, making it difficult for the esophagus to be mobilized and detached and therefore also to identify the ductus arteriosus and left recurrent laryngeal nerve. Intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring using NIM-RESPONSE® 3.0 (Medtronic Japan, Tokyo, Japan) allowed the position of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve to be accurately determined, and upper mediastinal lymph node dissection and mobilization of the upper thoracic esophagus were performed safely. Postoperatively, the patient showed no evidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, but needed conservative treatment for anastomotic leakage. The patient was discharged 46 days after the surgery.

Conclusion

It was suggested that intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring is useful in esophageal cancer with a right aortic arch undergoing surgery, in whom anatomic abnormalities of the recurrent laryngeal nerve can be expected.
Congenital multiple colonic atresias with intestinal malrotation: a case report
Authors: Ishii Daisuke , Miyagi Hisayuki , Hirasawa Masatoshi , Miyamoto Kazutoshi
Published: March 2020

Background

Congenital intestinal atresia develops in 1 in 1500 to 20,000 births. Colonic atresia, which accounts for 1.8–15% of intestinal atresia cases, is accompanied by other gastrointestinal atresias such as small intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, imperforate anus, and intestinal malformation in 47–80%. Although a report shows that patients with multiple colonic atresias are 8.9% of those with colonic atresia.

Case presentation

A male infant did not have the first bowel movement within 36 h of birth and had abdominal distention/vomiting. Radiography showed significant dilation of the intestinal tract. A contrast enema examination at 3 days of age showed a microcolon and disruption in the descending colon. We performed an emergency decompressive loop enterostomy in the distended segment. At the age of 7 months, imaging from the stoma showed disruption of the contrast medium in the intestinal tract at the right lower abdomen, and the continuity of the intestinal tract was not clarified. Intestinal malrotation was found during the second surgery, and the enterostomy was located in the ileum proximal to Bauhin’s valve. Continuity of the intestinal serosal surface was maintained. However, multiple membranous obstructions (three atresias and one stenosis) were observed in the distal segment of the bowel, which was penetrated by intraluminal advancement of a urethral catheter. Therefore, he was diagnosed with multiple colonic atresias. The intestinal tract was longitudinally incised, and membranectomy and mucosal/lateral suture were performed.

Conclusions

It is important for neonates with intestinal atresia to evaluate and prepare for distal patency of the colon before radical anastomosis. In addition, anomalies associated with colon atresia should also be assessed.
Accelerated fitted operator finite difference method for singularly perturbed delay differential equations with non-local boundary condition
Authors: Debela Habtamu Garoma , Duressa Gemechis File
Published: March 2020

In this paper, accelerated fitted finite difference method for solving singularly perturbed delay differential equation with non-local boundary condition is considered. To treat the non-local boundary condition, Simpson’s rule is applied. The stability and parameter uniform convergence for the proposed method are proved. To validate the applicability of the scheme, two model problems are considered for numerical experimentation and solved for different values of the perturbation parameter ε and mesh size h. The numerical results are tabulated in terms of maximum absolute errors and rate of convergence, and it is observed that the present method is more accurate and ε-uniformly convergent for h ≥ ε where the classical numerical methods fails to give good result, and it also improves the results of the methods existing in the literature.
The place of free will and agency in psychiatric practice
Authors: Pearce Steve
Published: March 2020

In psychiatric practice, professionals tend to split patients into those who are responsible for their actions, and those who are not. This approach does a disservice to both groups. Patients assumed to retain agency may be blamed, and those assumed to lack agency are disempowered. Professionals should adopt a more nuanced approach to agency and control, recognising that it is impaired in most psychiatric disorders, but absent in very few. This is possible without making stigma worse.
Basic safety first: trauma-informed care in a hostile environment
Authors: Bailey Cate
Published: March 2020

This editorial introduces and reflects on a Praxis article in the trainees' section of this issue. The article, 'Assessing asylum seekers, refugees and undocumented migrants' by Waterman et al, begins with a clinical scenario describing an emergency presentation at a ‘place of safety’. The authors are to be congratulated for navigating a compassionate path through the complexities of law, health and new diagnostic categories. The resources found in the article, drawing on the principles of trauma-informed care and the work of Judith Herman, can help trainees to be more confident in promoting the basic rights of survivors of trauma, which might form a first step in the re-establishment of trust and empowerment.
Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults
Authors: Putaala Jukka
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article reviews current knowledge on epidemiology, risk factors and causes, diagnostic considerations, management, and prognosis of ischemic stroke in young adults (those 55 years old and younger).

RECENT FINDINGS

The incidence of ischemic stroke in young adults has been increasing since the 1980s, which has occurred in parallel with increasing prevalence of vascular risk factors and substance abuse among the younger population. Young adults have a considerably wider range of risk factors than older patients, including age-specific factors such as pregnancy/puerperium and oral contraceptive use. Behavioral risk factors such as low physical activity, excess alcohol consumption, and smoking are factors as well. More than 150 identified causes of early-onset ischemic stroke exist, including rare monogenic disorders. Several recent advances have been made in diagnosis and management of stroke in young adults, including molecular characterization of monogenic vasculitis due to deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 and transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale for secondary prevention. Compared with the background population of the same age and sex, long-term mortality in patients remains fourfold higher with cardiovascular causes underlying most of the deaths. The cumulative rate of recurrent stroke extends up to 15% at 10 years. Patients with atherosclerosis, high-risk sources of cardioembolism, and small vessel disease underlying their stroke seem to have the worst prognosis regarding survival and recurrent vascular events. Young stroke survivors also often have other adverse outcomes in the long term, including epilepsy, pain, cognitive problems, and depression.

Systematic identification of risk factors and causes and the motivation of patients for long-term prevention and lifestyle changes are of utmost importance to improve the prognosis of early-onset ischemic stroke.
Management of Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms and Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Ruigrok Ynte M.
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Unruptured intracranial aneurysms and brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) may be detected as incidental findings on cranial imaging. This article provides a practical approach to the management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms and unruptured brain AVMs and reviews the risk of rupture, risk factors for rupture, preventive treatment options with their associated risks, and the approach of treatment versus observation for both types of vascular malformations.

RECENT FINDINGS

For unruptured intracranial aneurysms, scoring systems on the risk of rupture can help with choosing preventive treatment or observation with follow-up imaging. Although the literature provides detailed information on the complication risks of preventive treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms, individualized predictions of these procedural complication risks are not yet available. With observation with imaging, growth of unruptured intracranial aneurysms can be monitored, and prediction scores for growth can help determine the optimal timing of monitoring. The past years have revealed more about the risk of complications of the different treatment modalities for brain AVMs. A randomized clinical trial and prospective follow-up data have shown that preventive interventional therapy in patients with brain AVMs is associated with a higher rate of neurologic morbidity and mortality compared with observation.

The risk of hemorrhage from both unruptured intracranial aneurysms and brain AVMs varies depending on the number of risk factors associated with hemorrhage. For both types of vascular malformations, different preventive treatment options are available, and all carry risks of complications. For unruptured intracranial aneurysms, the consideration of preventive treatment versus observation is complex, and several factors should be included in the decision making. Overall, it is recommended that patients with unruptured asymptomatic brain AVMs should be observed.
Bond Convenience Yields and Exchange Rate Dynamics
Authors: Valchev Rosen
Published: March 2020

This paper proposes a new explanation for the failure of Uncovered Interest Parity (UIP) that rationalizes both the classic UIP puzzle and the evidence that the puzzle reverses direction at longer horizons. In the model, excess currency returns arise as compensation for endogenous fluctuations in bond convenience yield differentials. Due to the interaction of monetary and fiscal policy, the impulse response of the equilibrium convenience yield is nonmonotonic, which generates the reversal of the puzzle. The calibrated model fits exchange rate dynamics very well. I also find direct evidence linking convenience yields to excess currency returns. (JEL E43, E52, F31, F41, H63)
Uninsured Unemployment Risk and Optimal Monetary Policy in a Zero-Liquidity Economy
Authors: Challe Edouard
Published: March 2020

I study optimal monetary policy in a sticky-price economy wherein households precautionary-save against uninsured, endogenous unemployment risk. In this economy greater unemployment risk raises desired savings, causing aggregate demand to fall and feed back to greater unemployment risk. This deflationary spiral is constrained inefficient and calls for an accommodative monetary policy response: after a contractionary aggregate shock the policy rate should be kept significantly lower and for longer than in the perfect-insurance benchmark. For example, the usual prescription obtained under perfect insurance of a hike in the policy rate in the face of a bad supply (i.e., productivity or cost-push) shock is easily overturned. The optimal policy breaks the deflationary spiral and takes the dynamics of the imperfect-insurance economy close to that of the perfect-insurance benchmark. These results are derived in an economy with zero asset supply (zero liquidity) and are thus independent of any redistributive effect of monetary policy on household wealth. (JEL E21, E24, E31, E52, G51)
Relationship of the ASY-H index with interplanetary medium parameters and auroral activity in magnetic storm main phases during CIR and ICME events
Authors: Boroev Roman , Vasiliev Mikhail
Published: March 2020

In this study, we examine the relationship of the ASY-H index characterizing the partial ring current intensity with interplanetary medium parameters and auroral activity during the main phase of magnetic storms, induced by the solar wind (SW) of different types. Over the period 1979–2017, 107 magnetic storms driven by CIR and ICME (MC + Ejecta) events have been selected. We consider magnetic storms with Dstmin≤ – 50 nT. The average ASY-H index (ASYaver) during the magnetic storm main phase is shown to increase with increasing SW electric field and southward IMF Bz regardless of SW type. There is no relationship between ASYaver and SW velocity. For the CIR and ICME events, the average AE (AEaver) and Kp (Kp aver) indices have been found to correlate with ASYaver. The highest correlation coefficient between AEaver and ASYaver (r = 0.74) is observed for the magnetic storms generated by CIR events. A closer relationship between Kp aver and ASYaver (r = 0.64) is observed for the magnetic storms induced by ICME events. The ASYaver variations correlate with Dstmin. The relationship between ASYaver and the rate of storm development is weak.
Global disturbance of Earth’s magnetosphere and its connection with space weather
Authors: Kurazhkovskaya Nadezhda
Published: March 2020

This paper deals with extreme conditions of the global magnetosphere disturbance: very quiet and greatly disturbed, and their relationship with interplanetary medium parameters. The degree of global magnetosphere disturbance was estimated from the monthly and annual number of magnetically quiet and magnetically disturbed days. The cyclic and seasonal distributions of magnetically quiet and disturbed days were compared, and their relationship with interplanetary medium parameters in solar cycles 20–24 was analyzed. Magnetically quiet days are shown to be mainly observed at the ascending phase of solar activity and during the winter solstice season. Magnetically disturbed days dominate at the descending phase of the solar cycle and during the equinox season. An anomalously large increase in the number of quiet days was found in solar cycle 24 as compared to previous cycles. It has been established that the cyclic variation in the annual number of quiet and disturbed days is determined by the behavior and magnitude of the speed, temperature, dynamic pressure of solar wind plasma and the interplanetary magnetic field modulus. The detected burst in the number of quiet days during the ascending phase of solar cycle 24 is assumed to reflect internal processes on the Sun and related changes in interplanetary medium parameters. The patterns of cyclical and seasonal variation in the number of magnetically quiet and disturbed days and their relationship with the solar wind parameters can be used to predict space weather.
Effectiveness of implementation of the method pedagogical system of forming the experience of music-pedagogical activity of the future music art teachers
Authors: Mykhaskova Maryna
Published: March 2020

The article analyzes of forming the experience of music-pedagogical activity of the future teacher of music art. Diagnosis of the experience of music-pedagogical activity of the future music art teacher by the criteria (completeness, systematic and strength of knowledge based on the formedness of professional-pedagogical and innovative thinking; the level of formedness of experience of using the methods of music-pedagogical activity; presence of emotional-value attitude to music-pedagogical activity; intensification of communication on the basis of joint interaction of the participants of music-pedagogical activity; level of ability to predict, analyze, control and adjust music-pedagogical activity; originality of creative experience in various types of music-pedagogical activity) and indicators allows to evaluate the level of its formedness, to predict approaches, conditions and directions of improving the effectiveness of professional training of pedagogues-musicians.The feasibility of the chosen system of training of the future teachers of music art has been grounded. It is based on the structural and functional components of the process, provides for the realization of clearly defined principles, conditions, methodological and methodical principles. It is determined that the introduction of the special course “Art Workshop” allows improving the results of professional training of the future pedagogues-musicians. The offered course includes lectures, practical classes, seminars, independent work, teaching and control methods, approximate evaluation of students’ educational activities by rating system, distribution of points received by students in the course of mastering the special course “Art Workshop”, the scale of assessment according to the national and ECTS system, methodological support of the special course, recommended literature, information resources of the discipline.
Characteristics of the private public partnership mechanism main aspects in the model of a university clinic
Authors: Chopchik V. D.
Published: March 2020

The objective: To substantiate the application of some aspects of the mechanism of public-private partnership (PPP) in the model of University Clinic (UC). Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, common scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, interpretation of scientific data, as well as systemic and structural-functional approaches were used in the work. Information base of the research was scientific works of domestic and foreign specialists on PPP. Results. The transition of Ukrainian economy to market relations requires a revision of many principles of UC organizational activity. Currently they have funding problems, which has led to a lack of high-tech equipment and technology parks for students’ training, researches conduct and population treatment. In order to solve these problems, the article considers some aspects of PPP mechanism in UC model. Conclusions. The article substantiates the use of a number of aspects of the PPP mechanism in  UC model.
Health problem resulting from the use of e - cigarettes
Authors: Maziarz Barbara , Makarewicz Magdalena , Kubicka Magdalena , Łapa Katarzyna , Nieradko-Iwanicka Barbara
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Electric smoking devices called e-cigarettes are gaining more and more popularity nowadays and vaping  is becoming more and more fashionable. However their use contributes to the emergence of new health  problems like lipoid pneumonia associated with vaporization.Purpose: The purpose of the work is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of e-cigarettes and to assess the risk of their use compared to traditional forms of smoking.Method: The article is a review of recent publicatopns available in the PubMed database.  It was searched on January 20th 2020 with key words ‘e-cigarettes’, ‘vaping’, ‘health problems’. After analyzing several dozen abstracts, 18 full-text publications were selected for review.Summary: In conclusion: vaping carries the risk of thermal injury and  chemical burns caused by damage of the device, it leads to an increase in the number of vaping- addicted youth, and can also cause shortness of breath, chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, chills, weight loss, fatigue , malaise, headache, fever, tachycardia, tachypnoe, hypoxemia,  low white blood cel count, lipoid pneumonia and pneumothorax in users.
Entesopathy of the lateral epicondyle of the humeral bone – current treatment options
Authors: Fatyga Kamil , Tarczyńska Marta , Gawęda Krzysztof , Mazur Rafał , Głodek Łukasz
Published: March 2020

Chronic pain located on the lateral surface of the elbow in the area of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus is characteristic for a disease called tennis elbow, which belongs to the group of enthesopathies, i. e. diseases related to bone tendon attachment. The cause of the disease are micro-injuries caused by repetitive movements and chronic overloads. Degenerative changes occur in the tendons of the finger and wrist extensor muscles which attach to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. The problem usually affects the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle. A typical location for pain is the lateral side of the elbow joint but it can often radiate to the forearm and wrist. In our paper we presented the most commonly used and most effective methods of treatment of the disease. The least invasive methods of physiotherapy and rehabilitation include home exercise, ultrasound and phonophoresis, cryotherapy, light therapy, laser therapy and radial shock wave terapy. We compared the efficacy of pharmacological methods such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroid injections with lidocaine, platelet-rich plasma, hyaluronic acid, botulinum toxin, collagen. We also mentioned the indications and surgical techniques of the tennis elbow.
Metabolic disorders in kidney stone disease in children
Authors: Kusz Monika , Alzubedi Adam , Polski Paweł , Pawluczuk Paulina , Maślak Agnieszka
Published: March 2020

Urolithiasis is not a rare disorder in children. Its etiology, incidence and localization vary by geographic region. It is an increasing problem, especially in developing countries. Metabolic abnormalities have been claimed to play a significant role in the kidney stone disease. Most of the studies confirmed that hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia are the most commonly identified metabolic disorder in children with urolithiasis. It is important to evaluate them to modify and prevent the stone recurrence.
The Analysis of Nutritional Status and Physical Fitness Level with Sport Education Outcomes in Students of Samarinda Negeri 011 Elementary School
Authors: Unmul Ruslan , Rusli Rusli , Nurjamal Nurjamal , Ismawan Hendry , Hamdiana Hamdiana
Published: March 2020

The study aims to determine the relationship of nutritional status and physical fitness level with the learning outcomes of sports education in students of Samarinda Negeri 011 elementary school.The study is a descriptive research which taking all students of Samarinda Negeri 011 elementary school  as a population. A simple random sampling technique was applied in this study resulted 40 male students selected. A correlation and regression analysis techniques were conducted in this study for data analysis using the SPSS Version 16.00 program at a significant level of 95% or α = 0.05.Results showed three main conclusions in this study that are (1). There is a correlation between nutritional status and learning outcomes in sports education for elementary school students in Negeri 011 Samarinda with an r value of 0.519, that 26 students have a normal nutritional status, 13 are below normal and 1 is overweight. (2). There is a relationship between physical fitness and learning outcomes in sports education for students of SD Negeri 011 Samarinda with a r value of 0.815 which resulted 36 students have less physical fitness while others are medium. (3). There is a relationship between nutritional status and physical fitness together with the learning outcomes of students in Elementary School of  Negeri 011 Samarinda with an R value of 0.833.
Factores sociodemográficos asociados a la actividad física deportiva en adolescentes mexicanos
Authors: Ayala-Hilario Carolina , Ayala-Guzmán César Iván , Ortiz-Hernandez Luis
Published: March 2020

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar los cambios en la prevalencia de actividad física deportiva (AFD) en adolescentes mexicanos y la asociación de ésta con variables sociodemográficas y la AFD de sus padres o madres. Se trata de un estudio transversal y comparativo en el que se analizó la Encuesta Nacional de Uso del tiempo (ENUT) versiones 2002 y 2014, la cual se basa en una muestra representativa de toda la población mexicana con 12 años o más. Se seleccionó la información de adolescentes de 12 a 19 años (n = 11,795) y de sus padres (n = 8,161) o madres (n = 10,261). Por medio de un cuestionario se indagó sobre características sociodemográficas, la práctica de AFD y el tiempo destinado a ésta. Se estimaron frecuencias, estadísticos de Chi2, T de Student y modelos de regresión logística. En doce años la prevalencia de AFD de adolescentes aumentó de 44.0% a 55.6% (p < 0.001), aunque no cambió el tiempo destinado a realizarla (p = 0.250). Los adolescentes que eran mujeres, que tenían mayor edad, con padres y/o madres con menor escolaridad y que éstos no practicaran AFD tuvieron menor probabilidad de realizar AFD. La AFD reportada por los adolescentes se relacionó más con la AFD de sus padres que con la AFD de las madres. A pesar de que en 12 años aumentó la práctica de AFD reportada por adolescentes mexicanos, existen grupos con baja probabilidad de realizarla, en los cuales se pueden enfocar políticas y programas públicos diseñados a la promoción de estilos de vida activos.
Ties That Bind: The Value of Professional Connections to Sell-Side Analysts
Authors: Bradley Daniel , Gokkaya Sinan , Liu Xi
Published: March 2020

We examine professional connections among executives and analysts formed through overlapping historical employment. Analysts with professional connections to coverage firms have more accurate earnings forecasts and issue more informative buy and sell recommendations. These analysts are more likely to participate, be chosen first, and ask more questions during earnings conference calls and analyst/investor days. Homophily based on gender, age, and ethnicity is orthogonal to professional connections. Brokers attract greater trade commissions on stocks covered by connected analysts. Firms benefit through securing research coverage and invitations to broker-hosted investor conferences emulating from these connections.

This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance.
Basic principles of anaesthesia of small mammals: part 2
Authors: Scarabelli Stefania , Nardini Giordano
Published: March 2020

Several anaesthetic protocols are reported in the literature for small mammals; it is however fundamental that drugs used and perioperative management are based on each patient individually, considering several factors such as temperament, health status and the procedure to be performed. Alpha-2 agonists, benzodiazepines and opioids are the drugs most commonly used for sedation and premedication in small mammals. General anaesthesia can be induced with injectable agents, such as propofol and alfaxalone, but inhalant anaesthetics delivered by mask or in an induction chamber are still quite commonly used, particularly in smaller patients. Volatile agents are generally preferred for maintenance of anaesthesia, as easy control of the depth of anaesthesia is achievable. Endotracheal intubation is not always possible in these species, but practice and the use of an endoscope can facilitate the procedure. Analgesia should be provided for surgical procedures, and local anaesthetic techniques are warranted whenever possible.
Cuffed endotracheal tubes in cats
Authors: Yates David , Holgate Albert
Published: March 2020

A cuffed endotracheal tube may improve the airway seal in anaesthetised feline patients, compared to use of an uncuffed tube. This may improve capnography and decrease theatre pollution with volatile agents. However, two significant risks are associated with the technique. First, over-inflation of the cuff could occur, with associated iatrogenic tracheal damage; this may be prevented by use of a cuff manometer for inflation. Second, as a result of the improved seal, barotrauma may be more likely with high gas flow rates and assisted ventilation.
Small Animal Review
Authors: BVSc PhD MRCVS Bryn
Published: March 2020

Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and troponin concentrations interpreted together are useful in assessing the severity of mitral valve disease in the dog and are useful measures to augment echocardiographic findings.
The effect of Bandura's self-efficacy concepts to improve diabetes self-management practices
Authors: Goode Pandora
Published: March 2020

Poor diabetes self-management practices may lead to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which, if left untreated, can progress to end stage renal disease (ESRD). Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of ESRD for adults. Improving diabetes self-management practices is an important strategy to decrease the risk of developing CKD.
Avoiding contamination of CVADs when bathing and showering
Authors: York Nicola , Angell-Barrick Nicki , Carter Jo , Aquino-Guerrero Maya
Published: March 2020

Delivery of dialysis through a tunnelled central venous access device (CVAD) is associated with a high risk of infection, when compared with other routes. The risk of contamination increases when the catheter dressing becomes wet, for example, when the patient is showering. Entry of the bacteria into the blood stream can result in a systemic infection. Protection pouches can be used to avoid this risk
The ethics of the Organ Donation (Deemed Consent) Bill
Authors: Ellis Peter
Published: March 2020

With the new Organ donation (deemed consent) bill, widely known as the Organ donor bill (Max and Keira's), about to come into force in the UK this article will look at some of the ethical issues surrounding its implementation.
Why you should share your research
Authors: Hinchen Billy
Published: March 2020

From collaboration to troubleshooting, sharing your research can have several benefits. Billy Hinchen discusses the advantages of communicating your research work.
Veterinary science on the conservation frontline
Authors: Greenwood Andrew
Published: March 2020

Experienced veterinary professionals use their specialist expertise gained from working with various taxa in captive situations such as zoos, falconry and exotic pets, to assist with all stages of wildlife conservation projects from initial stabilisation of critically-endangered populations through captive management, reintroduction/translocation and long-term monitoring.
UK parasite trends, emerging threats and the role of the veterinary nurse
Authors: Wright Ian
Published: March 2020

In recent years, the threat posed to both pets and people by parasites has grown, fuelled by a milder climate and increased pet movement. Fleas and ticks are growing in numbers and infest pets all year round. Angiostrongylus vasorum has rapidly spread North up the country and Echinococcus granulosus is potentially being spread through abattoirs. In addition to this, pet travel and importation is increasing in the face of a widening distribution of vectors and vector-borne pathogens abroad. This is increasing the risk of exposure and the risk of bringing novel infections back to the UK. Veterinary practices remain on the front line of keeping pets and their owners safe from these threats and veterinary nurses play a pivotal role in giving accurate advice to clients. This article summarises information given to nurses at the recent parasite CPD day held by The Veterinary Nurse and sponsored by Bayer, considering the current parasitic threats to UK cats and dogs and how to address them.
Ear cytology for the veterinary nurse
Authors: Paterson Sue
Published: March 2020

Ear cytology is one of the most important investigative steps in all cases of otitis externa and lends itself well to input from the veterinary nurse. Stained and unstained samples are useful to assess the ear for the presence respectively of bacterial and yeast pathogens and ectoparasites. Sample collection can be easily achieved in the conscious dog and only a minimal amount of equipment is needed to take and interpret good samples.
Tick-borne encephalitis: an increasing threat in Europe
Authors: Wright Ian
Published: March 2020

Tick-borne encephalitis, caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus, is a rapidly emerging disease in Western, Central and Northern Europe, affecting dogs and people with potentially fatal consequences. This rapid spread, alongside the presence of the Ixodes ricinus vector throughout the UK, had led to concerns that it may become endemic through introduction of infected ticks on imported animals or on migratory birds. This was realised last year when evidence of endemic foci in the UK was demonstrated, particularly in Thetford Forest. This article reviews current information on tick-borne encephalitis, its distribution in Europe and the risk it poses to UK dogs and their owners.