bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies on Banana Centre Core Flour Prepared by Different Drying Methods
Authors: Lakshman R , Ambrose Dawn , Chelvame Dtirout
Published: July 2015

Banana centre core is used as a vegetable in South Indian culinary in India. Attempts were made to develop a process for the production of banana centre core flour for its effective utilisation for incorporation into food. Banana centre core dices were dried by different drying methods viz., sun drying, solar drying and tray drying at 50, 60 & 70°C temperature respectively. The dried banana centre core dices were then converted into flour in a pulveriser such that 90 percent of powder passed through 400 micron sieve. The influence of drying on the physical and functional properties of the banana centre core flour was analysed. Results of the study showed that the flour obtained by drying banana centre core dices at 70°C in a tray dryer was better in quality compared to other drying methods.
Research roundup—July 2015
Authors: Richens Yana
Published: July 2015

In this section, a range of brief synopses of recently published articles from around the world that may be of interest to midwives is presented. The aim of this roundup is to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary, of the research papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
An Irish maternity service fit for purpose
Authors: Kent Susan
Published: July 2015

As part of our series on the UK and Ireland's midwifery policy, Susan Kent, Deputy Chief Nursing Officer, Ireland, discusses the strengths and challenges of maternity care in the country.
Promoting vitamin D uptake in pregnancy and the puerperium
Authors: Sanders Ruth , Lamb Kathryn
Published: July 2015

Vitamin D deficiency throughout the childbearing continuum is a major public health issue, and supplementation is an arguably cost-effective and simple way of increasing maternal health and ensuring fetal wellbeing ( Christesen et al, 2012 ). The evidence underpinning supplementation needs further exploration to accurately determine safe and appropriate levels of vitamin D to avoid toxicity and prevent harmful effects to mother and baby ( World Health Organization, 2012 ). Despite this, maternity health professionals in the UK should advise routine vitamin D supplementation for all women in line with national guidance ( National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2014 ). As key providers of public health information, midwives and health visitors hold an important role in advice and management of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation, including educating women and families around associated risks and how to increase vitamin D uptake.
A technique for mechanical ventilation of anaesthetised small animal patients
Authors: Dobromylskyj Petro
Published: July 2015

This article describes the use of a time cycled flow generating pressure limited mechanical ventilator in combination with a Mapleson E circuit using an ‘air piston’. The use of controlled rebreathing to maintain a normal end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration is explained, in combination with the practicalities of setting up the system.
Sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps)
Authors: Raftery Aidan
Published: July 2015

Sugar gliders have grown rapidly in popularity and are now commonly kept and bred in the UK. Their small size, cuddly appearance and the ease with which they become tame has contributed to this rise in popularity. Although many owners seek out veterinary surgeons familiar with this species, many are finding their way into general small animal surgeries. This article provides basic information on their care and on some of the commonly encountered medical conditions
Indwelling pleural catheters for malignant pleural effusion
Authors: McPhillips Dympna , Breen David
Published: July 2015

Pleural effusions are a common cause of symptoms in patients with malignancy and can adversely affect quality of life. However, not all effusions in the setting of malignancy are due to the cancer itself and therefore it is essential to perform an extensive assessment to diagnose the underlying aetiology. There are a number of treatment options available to manage a malignant effusion and reduce the associated symptomatology. The choice of intervention depends on a number of factors and, in particular, patient preference. In this paper, we will discuss the role of an indwelling pleural catheter in the outpatient management of individuals with malignant effusions.
We are not alone: international learning for professionals caring for children requiring palliative care
Authors: Price Jayne , Quinn Karen , McNeilly Patricia , Heywood Melissa
Published: July 2015

Background:

Educational opportunities for professionals working with children requiring palliative care are central to future development within the specialty across countries. International educational initiatives involving a range of professionals are important for learning with and from others working within the field.

Aim:

To explore the experiences and value to students from participating in an international online discussion forum.

Method:

This article examines one such initiative; the use of an international asynchronous discussion forum with students in Melbourne, Australia and Belfast, UK who work with children and families. The innovation is examined and student perspectives of the forum's value are presented.

Results:

Students endorsed the value of the forum, identifying three main areas of learning: differences across locations within countries, respecting different views and being open, and need for continued learning within children's palliative care. The overarching theme ‘we are not alone’ supported the idea that participation in the international discussion forum enabled students to see a broader perspective. Ideas for future developments of similar forums are also explored.
Two new species of Otiorhynchus Germar, 1822 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae) from eastern Turkey with new taxonomical contributions to the subgenus Choilisanus Reitter, 1912
Authors: Davidian Genrik E. , Gültekin Levent
Published: July 2015

Two new species Otiorhynchus karadeniz Davidian & Gültekin sp. nov. and Otiorhynchus aziziyensis Davidian & Gültekin sp. nov. are described from eastern Turkey. Otiorhynchus karadeniz Davidian & Gültekin sp. nov. closely related to Otiorhynchus (Choilisanus) megareoides Smreczyński, 1977. Otiorhynchus aziziyensis Davidian & Gültekin sp. nov. is tentatively included in the subgenus Choilisanus Reitter, 1912. Stierlinellus Reitter, 1913 is resurrected from synonym of Choilisanus Reitter, 1912. Otiorhynchus megareus Reitter, 1913 and Otiorhynchus rotundicollis Stierlin, 1876 are redescribed. Colour illustrations of habitus and important morphological characters are presented.
Mass Spectrometric Profiling of Vitamin D Metabolites beyond 25-Hydroxyvitamin D
Authors: Müller Miriam J , Volmer Dietrich A
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND

The frequency of measurements of vitamin D in the human population has significantly increased over the last decade because vitamin D has now been linked to many diseases, in addition to its established role in bone health. Usually, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are measured to assess the vitamin D status of individuals. Unfortunately, many studies investigating links between vitamin D and disease also use only this single metabolite. Intricate correlations with other vitamin D metabolites or dynamic effects of downstream metabolites may therefore be overlooked. Fortunately, powerful LC-MS/MS approaches have recently become available that can simultaneously quantify the concentrations of multiple vitamin D metabolites. These approaches are challenging, however, because of inherent instrumental problems with detection of vitamin D compounds and the low concentrations of the metabolites in biological fluids.

CONTENT

This review summarizes recent mass spectrometry assays for the quantitative measurement of multiple vitamin D metabolites and their application in clinical research, with a particular focus on the low-abundance downstream metabolic species generated after the initial hydroxylation to 25-hydroxyvitamin D.

To study the pathobiological effects and function of vitamin D metabolites in disease, in particular in low-abundance species beyond 25-hydroxyvitamin D, we need to know their concentrations. Although detection of these vitamin D species is challenging, a number of recent mass spectrometry assays have successfully demonstrated that LC-MS/MS methods can quantify multiple vitamin D compounds over a wide dynamic range individually or as part of multimetabolite assays.
La educación universitaria virtual: una reflexión en torno al cultivo de las virtudes
Authors: Esteban Francisco , Fuentes Juan Luis
Published: July 2015

La educación superior no ha sido ajena a los cambios producidos en las sociedades contemporáneas por las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, pues tanto su dimensión investigadora como docente han visto modificadas algunas de sus prácticas esenciales. Sin embargo, para que tales modificaciones sean renovadoras y no lesionen el sentido último de la universidad, no pueden minar el objetivo del desarrollo de la persona en cuanto que persona. En este artículo proponemos una reflexión teórica que considera varios aspectos clave relativos a las condiciones para la promoción de virtudes en la enseñanza universitaria virtual: la adecuada concepción de la autonomía del estudiante universitario como miembro de una comunidad académica, las relaciones con los compañeros y profesores en los entornos virtuales de aprendizaje, la especificidad del contenido académico y los requerimientos formales y relacionales que sostienen la hechura estética propia de la educación universitaria.
Medios de interacción social y procesos de (de-re)formación de ciudadanías
Authors: García Del Dujo Ángel , Muñoz Rodríguez José Manuel , Hernández Serrano María José
Published: July 2015

¿Estarán propiciando las nuevas tecnologías una (re)construcción del concepto y fenómeno de ciudadanía? Este trabajo hace una lectura de las formas como estas tecnologías pueden contribuir a algunos procesos de conformación y empoderamiento ciudadano que nuestro tiempo requiere. El artículo propone el concepto de relación como puente para transitar entre los dos pilares que sustentan la reflexión, las nuevas tecnologías y los procesos de (de-re)construcción de ciudadanías, pasando luego a describir el contexto de investigación internacional al que pertenecen los resultados –el proyecto Interactive Social Media for Integration. Skilss Bartering, Empowerment and Informal Learning–, así como la metodología utilizada –Community Reporting-, para terminar sometiéndolos a discusión teórico-pedagógica en la línea de valores cívicos emergentes mediados tecnológicamente.
C-shaped canal configuration in lower molar - Case report
Authors: Dos Santos Lauren Grandi , Gallas Amanda Nunes , Martos Josué , Silveira Luiz Fernando Machado
Published: July 2015

The C-shape configuration in molars it’s an anatomical variation that difficult the diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to report a case of C-shape endodontic configuration in mandibular second molar. The radiographic examination of one patient revealed the extent of caries in the mesial aspect of mandibular second molar, without the presence of periapical lesion and was clinically noted the C-shape configuration of the root canal, extending from the mesiobuccal to the distal canal. Endodontic therapy was performed and after the root canal obturation with gutta-percha cones and endodontic cement the tooth was restored. We conclude that the anatomical condition in C-shape, although it brings many difficulties for the endodontic treatment, does not preclude the tooth rehabilitation.
Gingival retraction: thickness measurement and comparison of different cords
Authors: Greco Cinthya Massari , Anfe Taciana Emília de Almeida , Caneppele Taciana Marco Ferraz , Agra Carlos Martins
Published: July 2015

Objective: To measure the thickness of five different brands of gingival retraction cords and verify whether there would be a relationship among the sizes and their numbers and a coherent increasing from the thinnest to the largest thickness. Material and Methods: the following cords were evaluated: Gengiret(G), Retraflex(RF), Retractor(RT), Ultrapack(UP), and Pro Retract(PR). Pieces of the cords were placed beside a metallic ruler and photographed standardly regarding to the distance and light. The measurements of the thickness were performed through imaging software (Adobe Photoshop CS6 - Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA, USA). The obtained data were submitted to statistical analysis (one-way ANOVA and post hoc Sheffé test (p = 0.05)). Results: The number and the thickness of the cords mismatched for most of the brands evaluated. Two brands (UP and PR) showed a thickness increasing that mismatched the size increasing between the thinnest and largest cord. Conclusion: The number assigned to the cords by the manufactures did not correspond to a standard thickness, so that the dentist must observe the risk of using cords from different brands during gingival retraction procedures during techniques requiring more than one retraction cord.
Impact of monomer functional groups of resin-based materials on the interaction with water
Authors: Modena Karin Cristina , Cannabrava Vanessa Pavoni , Zanolla Jaine , Santos Carlos Ferreira , Navarro Maria Fidela Lima , Wang Linda
Published: July 2015

Objective: The objective of this in vitro study was to compare dentin bonding systems and composite resins based on their functional groups in terms of water sorption (WS) and water solubility (WSB). Material and Methods: Three dentin bonding systems (Adper Single Bond 2 – 3M ESPE, Clearfil SE Bond – Kuraray, P90 Adhesive System – 3M ESPE) and three commercial composite resins (Filtek Z350 – 3M ESPE, Filtek Z250 – 3M ESPE, Filtek P90 – 3M ESPE) were tested. Eight specimens of each material were prepared to evaluate the WS and WSA. The discs were individually stored in a desiccator until constant mass was achieved. Specimens were then individually stored in distilled water until the mass was stabilized again. Finally, the specimens were dried again in the desiccator until constant mass was obtained. WS and WSA were calculated from these measurements. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test (p < 0.05). Results: Filtek Silorane-Bond presented the lowest values of WS, and Clearfil SE Bond presented the lowest WSB. Filtek Silorane resin showed the lowest WS and WSA results. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that the WS and WSB were influenced by the composition of the materials. The main functional group of the materials determines their susceptibility to water and influences their performance.
Bond strength of a resin composite and a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement associated or not with chlorhexidine to eroded dentin
Authors: Nahsan Flavia Pardo Salata , Michielin Martha Beteghelli , Da Silva Luciana Mendonça , Machado Camila Moreira , De Andrade Andréa Mello , Francisconi Paulo Afonso da Silveira , Mondelli Rafael Francisco Lia , Wang Linda
Published: July 2015

Objective: Even resin composites and glass-ionomer cements are widely used for dental cervical region restorations, under erosive condition they can wear out quickly. This study aimed to compare, by means of bond strength by microshear, the performance of a resin composite (RC) and a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) to eroded dentin and its association with 2% chlorhexidine up to 6 months. Material and Methods:. Eighty  sound third molars teeth were cutt to obtain flat coronal dentin, which were subsequently embedded in self-curing acrylic resin circular molds exposing only this surface available. Teeth were divided into two groups, according to the treatment with the Adper Single Bond 2 + RC Filtek Z250 (Z) or the RMGIC Vitremer (V). Half of the specimens were immersed in artificial saliva-AS for 24 hours (control groups) and half subjected to 3x/1 minute daily immersion in Regular Coca Cola ®-RC for 5 days. Half of the specimens for each described condition were treated with water and half with 2% chlorhexidine for 1 minute prior the restoration. For all groups, the specimens were stored in artificial saliva weekly renewed up to tests. The bonding strength was evaluated by  microshear test after 1 month and 6 months . Data, in normal distribution, were analyzed with 3-way ANOVA and Tukey (p <0.05). Results: Challenge factors, materials and time were statistically significant.. Restorations with Z showed significantly higher bond strength compared to V in all situations. There was a reduction in bond strength values over time for all tested conditions. The prior application of 2% chlorhexidine was able to preserve the Z bond strength between 1 and 6 months, but this factor was not statistically significant. Conclusion: For eroded dentin, the use of resin composite seems presents greater bond strength compared to resin-modified glass-material, disregarding their association to chlorhexidine or not.
Reagan at Pointe du Hoc: Deictic Epideictic and the Persuasive Power of “Bringing Before the Eyes”
Authors: Prasch Allison M.
Published: July 2015

President Ronald Reagan’s June 6, 1984, “Address on the 40th Anniversary of D-Day” is one of his most celebrated speeches, and yet no critical assessment of the address exists in rhetorical scholarship. In this article, I examine this speech as a deictic epideictic address, or a speech in which the rhetor uses the physical place, the immediate scene/setting, and the assembled audience as evidence to commemorate the past and chart a clear course for the future. Through this analysis, I argue that Reagan’s speech at Pointe du Hoc is exemplary because it relies on rhetorical vision and deixis to connect a past moment to the present, and in so doing, invites the audience to participate in the discourse emotionally, mentally, and even physically. I conclude by suggesting that a deictic approach to rhetorical criticism offers scholars a vocabulary to describe how speakers can “point” or refer to the physical and material elements of a speech setting as evidence for their argument.
DETECÇÃO DE CAPSAICINA EM EXTRATOS DOS FRUTOS VERDES E MADUROS DE Capsicum baccatum L. PELAS METODOLOGIAS DE CROMATOGRAFIA EM CAMADA DELGADA E HISTOQUÍMICA
Authors: Almeida Juliana Cristina dos Santos , Rodrigues Tamires de Souza , De Souza Katiuscia Freire , Rodrigues-das-Dores Rosana Gonçalves , Nagem Tanus Jorge
Published: July 2015

A pimenta dedo-de-moça (Capsicum baccatum L.) é uma espécie utilizada no mundo inteiro pelo seu sabor picante e por possuir inúmeras atividades medicinais. Essas atividades farmacológicas são proporcionadas por um grupo de substâncias presentes, os capsaicinoides, além de taninos, flavonoides, vitamina C, entre outros. Dos capsaicinoides presentes, a capsaicina possui especial importância. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a presença da capsaicina nos extratos dos frutos verdes e maduros de Capsicum baccatum L. pelas metodologias de cromatografia em camada delgada e histoquímica. Os extratos foram preparados com acetona. A cromatografia foi realizada com placas de sílica gel G4, eluída com hexano:acetato de etila (60:40) e reveladas com reagente de Dragendorff. A capsaicina pode ser detectada somente no estágio imaturo (verde) dos frutos de Capsicum baccatum L. pela metodologia de cromatografia em camada delgada e pelo teste histoquímico.
Influence of Quartz Sand Quality on Bending Strength and Thermal Deformation of Moulding Sands with Synthetic Binders
Authors: Dobosz St. M. , Grabarczyk A. , Major-Gabryś K. , Jakubski J.
Published: July 2015

Modern techniques of castings production, including moulding sands production, require a strict technological regime and high quality materials. In the case of self-hardening moulding sands with synthetic binders those requirements apply mainly to sand, which adds to more than 98% of the whole moulding sand mixture. The factors that affect the quality of the moulding sands are both chemical (SiO2, Fe2O3 and carbonates content) and physical. Among these factors somewhat less attention is paid to the granulometric composition of the sands. As a part of this study, the effect of sand quality on bending strength Rgu and thermal deformation of self-hardening moulding sands with furfural and alkyd resin was assessed. Moulding sands with furfural resin are known [1] to be the most susceptible to the sand quality. A negative effect on its properties has, among others, high content of clay binder and so-called subgrains (fraction smaller than 0,1mm), which can lead to neutralization of acidic hardeners (in the case of moulding sands with furfuryl resin) and also increase the specific surface, what forces greater amount of binding agents. The research used 5 different quartz sands originating from different sources and characterized with different grain composition and different clay binder content.
Increasing of Utility Properties of Grey Cast Iron Castings with Heat Treatment
Authors: Eperješi Š. , Malik J. , Vasková I. , Fecko D.
Published: July 2015

Grey cast iron belongs to materials for casting production, which have wide application for different industry branches. Wide spectrum of properties of these materials is given by the structure of base metal matrix, which can be influenced with heat treatment. Processes of annealing can be applied for grey cast iron without problems. During heat treatment processes, where higher cooling rates are used, the thermal and structural strains become important. Usage and conditions of such heat treatment for grey cast iron castings of common production are the subject of evaluation of this article.
Stereological Analysis of Carbides in Hypoeutectic Chromium Cast Iron
Authors: Gromczyk M. , Kondracki M. , Studnicki A. , Szajnar J.
Published: July 2015

The results of research on stereological parameters of carbides in modified hypoeutectic chromium cast iron were shown in the paper. The effect of distance the casting heat centre of casting to the carbide phase morphology was examined. The samples for metallographic examination were taken from various locations of the model casting prepared in a special tester. This model casting was designed to simulate the solidification of heavy castings. Using the proposed methodology the relation of the distance from the model mould and the size, perimeter, length, width and the shape factor of carbides was examined. During the analysis, the values of stereological parameters of carbides changed on various sections of the model casting.
Development of a New Tool Material for High Pressure Die Casting
Authors: Herman A. , Zikmund P. , Tatíček F.
Published: July 2015

The paper describes existing requirements for tool materials. In the light of experience with these supplied materials, we have demonstrated their considerable influence on the life of molds for die casting technology. From this research came the evaluation methodology of these tool materials which has been used for directing the development of a new material. Based on the new regulation of the chemical composition a sample was casted and forged after that. Then was determined the process of heat treatment and from a block of this material a mold insert was produced. This insert is now being tested in production.
High Temperature Thermal Properties of Bentonite Foundry Sand
Authors: Krajewski P.K. , Suchy J.S. , Piwowarski G. , Krajewski W.K.
Published: July 2015

The paper presents results of measuring thermal conductivity and heat capacity of bentonite foundry sand in temperature range ambient - 900­­°C. During the experiments a technical purity Cu plate was cast into the green-sand moulds. Basing on measurements of the mould temperature field during the solidification of the casting, the temperature relationships of the measured properties were evaluated. It was confirmed that water vaporization strongly influences thermal conductivity of the moulding sand in the first period of the mould heating by the poured casting.
Evaluation of Microwave Heating of Protective Coatings Used in the Lost Foam Technology
Authors: Opyd B. , Granat K.
Published: July 2015

Presented are results of a preliminary research on determining a possibility to use microwave radiation for drying casting protective coatings applied on patterns used in the lost foam technology. Taken were measurements of permittivity ετ and loss factor tgδ at 2.45 GHz, as well as attempts were made of microwave drying of a protective coating based on aluminium silicates, applied on shapes of foamed polystyrene and rigid polymeric foam. Time and results of microwave drying were compared with the results obtained by drying at 50 °C by the traditional method commonly used for removing water from protective coatings. Analysis of the obtained drying kinetics curves demonstrated that selection of proper operation parameters of microwave equipment permits the drying time to be significantly shortened. Depending on kind of the pattern material, drying process of a protective coating runs in a different way, resulting in obtaining different quality of the dried coating.
Effect of Selected Parameters of Pressure Die Casting on Quality of AlSi9Cu3 Castings
Authors: Pałyga Ł. , Stachowicz M. , Granat K.
Published: July 2015

This paper presents the results on the effects of die-casting process on the strength parameters of castings of the aluminium AlSi9Cu3 alloy belonging to the group of EN AB-46000, made on renovated high pressure die-casting machine. Specimens for quality testing were taken from the places of the casting most loaded during the service. The aim of a research was to prove how the new die-casting process control capabilities influence on the tensile strength of the cast material defined as a value of the breaking force of the specimens. It has been found that it is possible to specify a set of recommended settings valves of second (II) and third (III) phase, which are responsible for filling the metal mould on die-casting pressure machine. From the point of view of the finished cast element, it was noticed that exceeding the prescribed values of valve settings does not bring further benefits and even causes unnecessary overload and reduce the durability of the mold. Moreover, it was noticed that reduction of the predetermined setting of the second phase (II) valve leads to the formation of casting defects again.
Influence of Nickel Addition on Properties of Secondary AlSi7Mg0.3 Alloy
Authors: Richtárech L. , Bolibruchová D. , Brůna M. , Caiss J.
Published: July 2015

This paper deals with influence on segregation of iron based phases on the secondary alloy AlSi7Mg0.3 microstructure by nickel. Iron is the most common and harmful impurity in aluminum casting alloys and has long been associated with an increase of casting defects. In generally, iron is associated with the formation of Fe-rich intermetallic phases. It is impossible to remove iron from melt by standard operations. Some elements eliminates iron by changing iron intermetallic phase morphology, decreasing its extent and by improving alloy properties. Realization of experiments and results of analysis show new view on solubility of iron based phases during melt preparation with higher iron content and influence of nickel as iron corrector of iron based phases.
The life history of “Ardipithecus ramidus”: a heterochronic model of sexual and social maturation
Authors: Clark Gary , Henneberg Maciej
Published: July 2015

In this paper we analyse the ontogeny of craniofacial growth in Ardipithecus ramidus in the context of its possible social and environmental determinants. We sought to test the hypothesis that this form of early hominin evolved a specific adult craniofacial morphology via heterochronic dissociation of growth trajectories. We suggest the lack of sexual dimorphism in craniofacial morphology provides evidence for a suite of adult behavioral adaptations, and consequently an ontogeny, unlike any other species of extant ape. The lack of sexually dimorphic craniofacial morphology suggests A. ramidus males adopted reproductive strategies that did not require male on male conflict. Male investment in the maternal metabolic budget and/or paternal investment in offspring may have been reproductive strategies adopted by males. Such strategies would account for the absence of innate morphological armoury in males. Consequently, A. ramidus would have most likely had sub-adult periods of socialisation unlike that of any extant ape. We also argue that A. ramidus and chimpanzee craniofacial morphology are apomorphic, each representing a derived condition relative to that of the common ancestor, with A. ramidus developing its orthognatic condition via paedomoporhosis, and chimpanzees evolving increased prognathism via peramorphosis. In contrast we suggest cranial volume and life history trajectories may be synapomorphic traits that both species inherited and retained form a putative common ancestral condition. Our analysis also provides support for the hypothesis that an intensification of maternal care was central to the process of hominization.
Twenty four year time trends in fats and cholesterol intake by adolescents. Warsaw Adolescents Study
Authors: Charzewska Jadwiga , Chwojnowska Zofia , Wajszczyk Bożena , Chabros Elżbieta
Published: July 2015

The objective of this study was to determine time trends ( 1982–2006) in total fat intake and changes in fatty acid structure intake in adolescents from Warsaw in view of increasing prevalence of obesity. Data come from four successive surveys randomly selected samples of adolescents (aged 11–15 years old), from Warsaw region. In total 9747 pupils have been examined, with response rate varying from 55% to 87% depending on year. Surveys were done always in the spring season of the year. Food intake was assessed by using 24 hours recall method of consumption by the pupils all products, including enriched, dishes and beverages as well as diet supplements, in the last 24 hours preceding the examination. The content of energy and nutrients was calculated by means of own computer softwares (DIET 2 and 4), taking into account successive revisions of the tables of food composition and nutritional values, as well as current Polish DRI. A significant decreasing trend was found in intake of total fat, of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and cholesterol. The percentage of energy from total fat, also decreased both in boys (to 35,1%) and girls (to 33,7%), what failed to reach the desired level below 30% of energy from fat which is recommended. Also significant decrease of SFA consumption was not satisfactory enough to approach the values <10% of energy recommended as was from 13% to 15%. Decreasing trends in fat intake was not in accordance with the trend in obesity prevalence in the adolescents as average BMI is going up. To stabilize the health-oriented changes especially in the diets of adolescents, further activity is desired from professionals working with prevention of adolescents obesity.
Development Of 3D Woven Fabric Based Pressure Switch
Authors: Shaker Khubab , Nawab Yasir , Javaid Muhammad Usman , Umair Muhammad , Maqsood Muhammad
Published: July 2015

This paper introduces a 3D woven fabric-based approach for the development of pressure switch. A fabric substrate, being elastic and extendable is very useful in addition to its high breaking strength and low cost. The developed resistive-type switch is based on the multilayer interlock 3D fabrics. In the top and bottom layers, certain number of conductive yarns are woven separated by cotton yarns in both transversal and thickness direction. Application of pressure makes the layers of conductive yarn to come in contact, resulting in a short circuit, which may be recorded using multi-meters. Removing the pressure cause the connection points to separate away and it depends on the weave design. Such switch can be used as an on/off switch for usage in security systems, can be sewn into carpets and wearable garments for a number of purposes.
Similar small-scale variation of diatom assemblages on different substrates in a mesotrophic stream
Authors: Kahlert Maria , Rašić Ivana Savatijević
Published: July 2015

The aim of the present study was to analyze if small-scale spatial variation of benthic diatom assemblages has consequences for biomonitoring. Benthic diatom samples were collected at one sampling site in a mesotrophic stream in Middle-Sweden from stone and plant (macrophytes and mosses) substrate. Our results showed that spatial variation of both the diatom species composition and the calculated bioindices were similar on both small (distance of centimeter) and medium (distance of decimeters) scales. Spatial variation was also similar on both studied substrates. This implies that it does not matter if a small or a larger area is sampled for biomonitoring as long as no major environmental factors impact certain sites systematically. Diatom assemblages and indices were significantly different between substrates. Spatial variation did not contribute much to this variation, and variation on a slide was unimportant. These results confirm earlier findings that smallscale spatial variation is not a problem when using diatoms to detect anthropogenic impacts to a stream or lake.
Stratigraphic and taxonomic significance of siliceous microfossils collected from the Turiec Basin, Western Carpathians (Slovakia)
Authors: Ognjanova-Rumenova Nadja , Pipík Radovan
Published: July 2015

This study provides the first biostratigraphic data of siliceous microfossils from Turiec Basin, Slovakia. The fossil diatom flora consists of 42 species and varieties, belonged to 22 genera. The diatom assemblage studied from the Turiec Basin bears a strong resemblance to assemblages from non-marine diatomaceous sediment of Miocene age from Rüdenschwinden, a village of the eastern slope of the Hohe Rhön (Central Germany), non-marine sediments of the early Late Miocene from the village of Szilagy (South Hungary), as well as from Bes Konak Basin, Turkey. The investigated profile is generally dominated by Alveolophora jouseana. The similarities and differences within the taxonomy of certain species belonging to the genera Aulacoseira, Alveolophora and Miosira are discussed. The accompanying species are species of the genus Fragilaria Lyngbye sensu lato from class Fragilariophyceae. The most interesting taxa belong to the genus Staurosirella - S. grunowii, S. leptostauron, S. martyi. Among them are two very unusual taxa identified only to genus. Ecological data for the diatom taxa and the diatom frustules/ chrysophycean stomatocysts ratio are used in an attempt to reconstruct in detail the palaeoecological conditions at the time of sediment deposition.
First report of Navicula jakovljevicii Hustedt (Bacillariophyta) from Hungary: distribution, comparative morphology and a related species
Authors: B-Béres Viktória , Bácsi István , T-Krasznai Enikő , Kókai Zsuzsanna , Buczkó Krisztina
Published: July 2015

In Hungary Navicula jakovljevicii was firstly recorded in biofilm of Elodea nuttallii in 2005 in an oxbow of the catchment area of the River Danube. Subsequently, in 2006, N. jakovljevicii was also found in the same oxbow on reed stems as well. In the following years it appeared in another oxbow, suggesting an expanding distribution in the tributaries of the Danube in Hungary. The Hungarian population can be characterised as having mixed morphological features in comparison with other known N. jakovljevicii populations of Europe. When the morphological study was expanded, a similar, but 'giant form' was detect ed in fossil material. We found similarities and a possible connection between N. jakovljevicii and Navicula lucida, a diatom taxon described from a Neogene deposit in the Carpathian Basin. Despite the morphological similarities in the shape, apices, striae pattern and raphe structure of these two species, there are significant differences in valve dimensions: the valves of N. lucida are larger and more heavily silicified than N. jakovljevicii.
Effect Of Pre-Sowing Seed Treatments With Silicon Nanoparticles On Germinability Of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus)
Authors: Janmohammadi Mohsen , Sabaghnia Naser
Published: July 2015

Silicon is one of the most widespread macro elements that have beneficial effects on plant growth. Although its positive effects on plant growth and development have been widely considered, little information is available about possibility of nano-silicon utilization in seed invigoration treatments. Enhanced seed germination may lead to improved stand establishment and it can play important role in successful crop production. Partial hydration of the seeds followed by dehydration in a controlled environment often results in rapid seed germination and more uniform seedling emergence compared to untreated seeds. In the present study, the effect of seed soaking in different concentration nano-silicon solutions (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1 and 1.2 mM for 8 h) on germination characteristics of sunflower was investigated. Seed soaking in low concentration nano-silicon solutions (0.2 and 0.4 mM) significantly reduced days to 50% germination and mean germination time and improved root length, mean daily germination, seedling vigour index and final germination percentage. These results suggest that the incorporation of nano-silicon in priming solution, in an appropriate concentration, remarkably enhances germination performance and causes an effective invigoration of the seedling. These results underline the importance of pre-sowing seed soaking in diluted nano-silicon solutions for improving the germinability of sunflower.
The Changes of Germination Characteristics and Enzyme Activity of Barley Seeds under Accelerated Aging
Authors: Tabatabaei S A.
Published: July 2015

Seed aging is the main problem of seed storage. Changes of enzyme activity and reduction of seedling growth are consequence of seed deterioration. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of accelerated aging on germination indexes and enzyme activity of barley seeds. Seeds were incubated in closed plastic boxes for the accelerated aging treatments at 41°C. Three accelerate aging regimes were performed by placing seeds at 41°C and relative humidity (RH) of 90-100 % for 0, 4 and 8 day periods. Our results showed that increasing aging duration resulted higher reduction in germination percentage, germination index, mean time to germination, normal seedling percentage, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. The highest germination percentage, germination index, normal seedling percentage and enzyme activity were achieved in control conditions (0 day of aging). Under aging conditions, germination percentage, means time to germination, germination index, normal seedling percentage and enzyme activity decrease significantly. Also, our results indicated that seed aging is related to decrease of enzymes and may contribute to low germination efficiency. The general decreases in enzyme activity in the seed lowers the respiratory capacity, which in turn lowers both the energy (ATP) and assimilates supply of the germinating seed, also decrease in antioxidant enzymes is linked to an increased accelerated ageing and decreased germination characteristics. Subsequently, proposed a positive relationship between antioxidant enzyme capacity and the vigour of the seed
Mononuclear and heterodinuclear phenanthrolinedione complexes of d- and f-block elements‡
Authors: Bortoluzzi Marco , Battistel Dario , Albertin Gabriele , Daniele Salvatore , Enrichi Francesco , Rumonato Riccardo
Published: July 2015

1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione (Phd) complexes of group 3 and lanthanide elements having formulae Ln(hfac)
An assessment of urban habitat contamination with selected heavy metals within the city of Katowice using the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Web.) as a bioindicator
Authors: Degórska Agnieszka
Published: July 2015

The common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Web.) is considered to be a good indicator species due to its wide spread and high tolerance to harsh environmental conditions. It was used in this study to assess contamination with selected heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd) within urban habitats of the city of Katowice (southern Poland). Samples were collected from outside the forest regions. Content of heavy metals was determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (F-AAS). The soil mineralization was conducted using 50,0 cm3 10% HNO3. Determination of elemental concentrations in the plant material was carried out with the “wet” method using heating blocks for a period of 7-10 days. The following concentration ranges for individual elements in soil were found: 14,03–2049,50 mg kg−1 (Pb), 17,91–4118,00 mg kg−1 (Zn), 0,25–52,93 mg kg−1 (Cd). Concentrations within the leaves of common dandelion were: 5,52–93,04 μg g−1 (Pb), 71,71–807,15 μg g−1 (Zn), 0,10–15,69 μg g−1 (Cd). Plants from the most heavily contaminated soils were characterised by the lowest bioaccumulation coefficient. The most contaminated areas were the districts: Szopienice-Burowiec and Wełnowiec-Józefowiec, while the least contaminated were the southern districts of Katowice (i.e. Zarzecze, Podlesie). There is also a clear link between the content of heavy metals in soils examined in this study and the land use.
Allotment gardens and spatial development – two case studies from the Katowice conurbation, Poland
Authors: Duś Edward
Published: July 2015

Allotment gardens are a characteristic feature of the industrial landscape of Upper Silesia. The purpose of the study has been to present various aspects of allotment location in the urban landscape. A more than a 100-year-old development process has shaped the contemporary structure of the allotments which constitute a multi-functional part of the development. In the historical development, there have coexisted the following functions: economic, recreational, ecological, landscape and socio-educational. Under the existing administrative restrictions, they were developed as a result of an unfavourable economic situation and focused on food production. Allotment gardens usually developed without the interference of urban planners, which had, and still have, many organizational consequences. Distance from the centre is the main factor influencing the spatial distribution of allotment gardens in urban areas. The detailed location is determined by the environmental conditions and administrative decisions that are usually taken, albeit under pressure, due to the high demand for allotments. Distance-related profiles demonstrate the relationship between the distance from the centre and the share of allotments in the land surface as well as the size of the time-space changes resulting from the development of the city. In many cities, there are concentric concentration zones at a certain distance from the centre. Analysis has shown that allotments are quite clearly linked to the structural units of the city. Larger concentrations are formed on the outskirts of residential multi-family buildings. The results of the research confirm compliance with the design recommendations that the distance should not cause too much time loss for users.
Problems of the social non-acceptance of mining projects with particular emphasis on the European Union – a literature review
Authors: Badera Jarosław
Published: July 2015

Problems of the social non-acceptance of the mining industry (particularly development projects) is relatively new, so more widely discussed for a relatively short time. In this paper, an extensive review of worldwide literature on this topic has been presented with special regard to the specificity of the European Union countries, where the NIMBY (Not In My Backyard) phenomenon is one of the key reasons for local community opposition. The problem is recognized mainly from the perspective of the mineral industry, but also from the point of view of government, NGOs or local communities. There are case studies, publications in the range of sustainable development, corporate social responsibility, geo-ethics, proposals for new analytical methods (for example multi-criteria and others) or effective solutions. The improvement in social acceptance for the mineral industry may be achieved by further development of technological, organizational and scientific methods which minimizes mining influences on the environment and society developing. Modern approach to social issues associated with mineral activity includes also strategies of bilateral communication, mediation/negotiation, cooperation between stakeholders to a larger extent then in the past. However, it is the continuous need of extensive, in-depth social debate on mineral development projects in the European Union, both in energetic and non-energetic branch.
Watermills – a Forgotten River Valley Heritage – selected examples from the Silesian voivodeship, Poland
Authors: Fajer Maria
Published: July 2015

This study is an attempt to describe the current condition of the watermills situated in the river valleys of the Silesian voivodeship. Changes in the number and distribution of mills from the late 18th century until the 20th century have been presented (as exemplified by the Liswarta River basin in the northern part of the voivodeship). Watermills have been discussed both as industrial monuments that document the history of the milling industry and as tourist attractions. Currently, working mills that serve the local population in rural areas are a rarity, and working watermills are unique sites that should be protected as industrial monuments that constitute an important part of our cultural heritage. They are among those industrial monuments that are particularly vulnerable to destruction. Such mills increasingly attract the interest of industrial tourism promoters. Activities aimed at promoting watermills as cultural heritage sites and leading to their protection and preservation as part of the river valley landscape have also been discussed. In the Silesian voivodeship, there are many watermills that deserve attention; some of these are listed in the register of monuments maintained by the National Heritage Board of Poland. Unfortunately, most disused mills are falling into disrepair and are slowly disappearing; only a few have been preserved in good condition. Many of these have long histories and they are also situated in areas attractive for tourists. There is no doubt that watermills should be preserved. Their inclusion in open-air museums is not the only solution – any form of protection in situ by putting them to different uses is also valuable. Changing the function of a mill to serve as a hotel, restaurant, cultural centre, etc. makes it possible to maintain these sites as parts of river valley landscapes.