bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
100 years of data sovereignty: Cooperative data governance and innovation in US dairy
Authors: Hutchins Jared , Hueth Brent
Published: January 2023

We discuss a little‐known but highly successful approach to innovation and data governance observed in the U.S. dairy sector. The National Cooperative Dairy Herd Improvement Program (NCDHIP) is a century‐old institution that coordinates farm data collection to support research on dairy cattle breeding and genetic selection. After discussing the program's history, we discuss how its evolution can inform data governance in agriculture today. We identify three key attributes that make the NCDHIP a successful model in agriculture: overcoming free‐riding with member benefits to data providers, ensuring data interoperability with uniform data standards, and controlling data access and use with cooperative governance.
Increased Photoelectrochemical Performance of Vanadium Oxide Thin Film by Helium Plasma Treatment with Auxiliary Molybdenum Deposition
Authors: Kajita Shin , Eda Tomoki , Feng Shuangyuan , Tanaka Hirohiko , Bieberle-Hütter Anja , Ohno Noriyasu
Published: January 2023

Helium (He) plasma treatment can be a versatile tool to fabricate nanostructures on a surface and change the surface chemistry. Herein, vanadium (V) thin film is exposed to helium plasmas and the changes in morphology and surface properties are investigated. The irradiation condition at which the surface morphology can be changed is identified. During the He plasma irradiation, molybdenum (Mo) from the sample cover deposits and formation of composite nanostructured photoelectrode with a combination of occurs. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance increases threefold through the plasma treatment. In addition to the increase in the surface area, the formation of the heterogenous/composite structure, oxygen vacancies, and reduced oxides such as decreases the charge‐transfer resistance and contributes to the improvement in the PEC performance.
Orelabrutinib in relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma patients: Multi‐center, single‐arm, open‐label, phase 2 study
Authors: Xu Wei , Zhou Keshu , Wang Tingyu , Yang Shenmiao , Liu Lihong , Hu Yu , Zhang Wei , Ding Kaiyang , Zhou Jianfeng , Gao Sujun , Xu Bing , Zhu Zunmin , Liu Ting , Zhang Huilai , Hu Jianda , Ji Chunyan , Wang Shunqing , Xia Zhongjun , Wang Xin , Li Yan , Song Yongping , Ma Shuo , Tang Xinran , Zhang Bin , Li Jianyong
Published: January 2023

Orelabrutinib is a novel, small molecule, selective irreversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety in patients with refractory or relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). This is single‐arm, multi‐center, open‐label, phase 2 study in 80 eligible Chinese patients, who were treated with monotherapy of orelabrutinib at 150 mg once daily. Overall response rate evaluated by an independent review committee was the primary endpoint, and secondary endpoints include progression‐free survival, overall survival, and safety. Independent review committee assessed overall response rate was 92.5% (74/80); complete response 21.3% (17/80), partial response 60.0% (48/80), partial response with lymphocytosis 11.3% (9/80). At a 32.3‐month median follow‐up, the median progression‐free survival had not been achieved, while the 30‐month progression‐free survival rate and overall survival rates were 70.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 59.5–79.6) and 81.3% (95% CI, 70.8–88.2), respectively. Orelabrutinib also revealed substantial response in patients with high prognostic risks: overall response rates of patients carrying positive TP53 mutational status or del(17p), del(11q), as well as unmutated immunoglobulin heavy‐chain variable region gene were 100%, 94.7%, and 93.9%, respectively. Most adverse events were in low grade, with 86.8% of AEs being Grade 1 or 2. Nearly 67% of patients were still receiving orelabrutinib after almost a 3‐year follow‐up. In conclusion, Orelabrutinib demonstrated compelling efficacy as well as safety profiles, with a noteworthy number of patients obtaining complete response in refractory or relapsed CLL/SLL.
Complement biology for hematologists
Authors: Duval Anna , Frémeaux‐Bacchi Véronique
Published: January 2023

The complement system is part of the innate immunity. An increased activation or a loss of the regulation of this fine‐tuned cascade is involved in a variety of hematological diseases. During the last decade, anti‐C5 therapies have revolutionized the management and prognosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and atypical hemolytic and uremic syndrome (aHUS). The availability of a rapidly growing number of innovative complement inhibitors has opened new therapeutic perspectives for several other hematological disorders in which the complement is involved at different degrees. This review focuses on complement biology and its mechanisms of activation in hematological diseases.
Mechanisms of impaired alveolar fluid clearance
Authors: Taenaka Hiroki , Matthay Michael A.
Published: January 2023

Impaired alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) is an important cause of alveolar edema fluid accumulation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Alveolar edema leads to insufficient gas exchange and worse clinical outcomes. Thus, it is important to understand the pathophysiology of impaired AFC in order to develop new therapies for ARDS. Over the last few decades, multiple experimental studies have been done to understand the molecular, cellular, and physiological mechanisms that regulate AFC in the normal and the injured lung. This review provides a review of AFC in the normal lung, focuses on the mechanisms of impaired AFC, and then outlines the regulation of AFC. Finally, we summarize ongoing challenges and possible future research that may offer promising therapies for ARDS.
Toward High Energy Density FeFx (x=2 and 3) Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Jun , Li Xifei , Li Xiangyang , Jiang Qinting
Published: January 2023

It has been challenging to develop next‐generation higher energy density cathode materials to satisfy the incremental demand for lightweight and miniaturization for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The iron‐based fluoride (FeFx) cathodes may be highly competitive due to abundant resources as well as high theoretical capacity. However, the complex multiphase conversion reactions of the FeFx cathodes cause limited battery performance hindering its commercialization. Herein, this review focuses on the multi‐electron conversion processes involved in solid‐solid reactions. More importantly, the scientific strategies of enhanced FeFx performance are mainly addressed in view of four critical aspects, i. e., conductive matrix, heteroatom doping, surface modification, and electrolyte engineering. It is demonstrated that the optimized strategies can mitigate the challenges of the FeFx cathodes during multi‐electron conversion processes. It is believed that this review has been a guidance for improving the cycling performance of the FeFx cathodes for high energy density LIBs.
Bilateral anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and choroidal ischemia in a patient with COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Shahri Seyed Hossein Ghavami , Abrishami Mojtaba , Shayanfar Helia , Khazaei Sahel
Published: January 2023

A 57‐year‐old male known case of diabetes mellitus presented with gradually bilateral decreased vision accompanied by ocular pain two weeks after diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The results of examination and imaging were indicative of bilateral anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) and massive choroidal ischemia, which may be associated with SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced damages, including endothelial damage, hypercoagulable state, and hypoxia.
Transition Metal‐based Perovskite Oxides: Emerging Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Deeksha  , Kour Pawanpreet , Ahmed Imtiaz , Sunny  , Sharma Surender Kumar , Yadav Kamlesh , Mishra Yogendra Kumar
Published: January 2023

Development of clean and sustainable renewable energy sources is imperative to deal with the future energy crises. Various technologies have been developed in this context, for example, water electrolysis, reversible fuel cell and metal‐air batteries etc. However, the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) occurring at the anode of these energy storage/conversion systems becomes a significant hurdle. Recently, researchers utilized noble metals as electrocatalysts to enhance their efficiency still the high cost and scarcity of these materials draw the attention of researchers towards the cost‐effective Perovskite oxide nanomaterials due to their extraordinary flexibility. In this review, the importance of perovskite oxide nanomaterials as electrocatalysts for OER is discussed, followed by related reaction mechanisms and series of activity descriptors. Fundamental understanding about the instrumentation, parameters and protocols for the experimental measurements including concerned issues are also summarized. Moreover, various activation strategies adopted in recent years to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of perovskite oxides are also underlined. The article concludes with an outlook of existing challenges and future scope of these materials as electrocatalysts. The challenges and prospects discussed herein may pave the ways to rationally design the highly active and stable perovskites to outperform noble metal‐based OER electrocatalysts.
Spatially Resolved Tomographic Assessment of Axial Mixing in Structured and Random Packings
Authors: Kögl Thilo , Linder Thomas , Arlt Wolfgang
Published: January 2023

The liquid axial dispersion inside modern structured packings (Sulzer Mellapak™ 500.Y, Raschig Super‐Pak 350Y) and one random packing of the 4th generation (Raschig Super‐Ring 0.3) was measured by means of computed tomography. As the gas velocity is known to have little effect on the liquid axial dispersion at low hydraulic load, all experiments were conducted without countercurrent gas flow at liquid loads of B = 10, 15, and 20 m3m−2h−1 in a column with an inner diameter of 100 mm. Injection of the X‐ray‐active tracer potassium iodide allows the identification of active and passive liquid accumulations inside the structured packing. Good agreement was found between the active liquid holdup from tomographic images and the total holdup calculated from the mean residence time for the structured packings.
Radiation heat transfer during hypersonic flight: A review of emissivity measurement and enhancement approaches of ultra‐high temperature ceramics
Authors: Saad Abdullah A. , Martinez Carlos , Trice Rodney W.
Published: January 2023

Emissivity as a function of wavelength, direction, and temperature correlates to a material's efficiency in radiating thermal energy. Knowledge of emissivity is essential for designing and developing radiation‐cooled thermal protective systems for hypersonic applications. It is desirable to achieve a high emissivity (with a value close to 1) to maximize heat radiation from a hot surface of a hypersonic vehicle's leading edge during atmospheric re‐entry. With the goal of providing the hypersonic materials community with this necessary knowledge, this article offers a basic understanding of thermal radiation, methods for measuring emissivity at high temperatures, and a comprehensive overview of the emissivity of ultra‐high temperature ceramics.
Defect‐engineered two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides towards electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Su Hang , Pan Xiaodong , Li Suqin , Zhang Hao , Zou Ruqiang
Published: January 2023

Recently, two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) demonstrated their great potential as cost‐effective catalysts in hydrogen evolution reaction. Herein, we systematically summarize the existing defect engineering strategies, including intrinsic defects (atomic vacancy and active edges) and extrinsic defects (metal doping, nonmetal doping, and hybrid doping), which have been utilized to obtain advanced TMD‐based electrocatalysts. Based on theoretical simulations and experimental results, the electronic structure, intermediate adsorption/desorption energies and possible catalytic mechanisms are thoroughly discussed. Particular emphasis is given to the intrinsic relationship between various types of defects and electrocatalytic properties. Furthermore, current opportunities and challenges for mechanical investigations and applications of defective TMD‐based catalysts are presented. The aim herein is to reveal the respective properties of various defective TMD catalysts and provide valuable insights for fabricating high‐efficiency TMD‐based electrocatalysts.
Recent progress in research and design concepts for the characterization, testing, and photocatalysts for nitrogen reduction reaction
Authors: Sun Benteng , Lu Shucao , Qian Yeye , Zhang Xiaoli , Tian Jian
Published: January 2023

The reduction of molecular nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3) under mild conditions is one of the most promising studies in the energy field due to the important role of NH3 in modern industry, production, and life. The photocatalytic reduction of N2 is expected to achieve clean and sustainable NH3 production by using clean solar energy. To date, the new photocatalysts for photocatalytic reduction of N2 to NH3 at room temperature and atmospheric pressure have not been fully developed. The major challenge is to achieve high light‐absorption efficiency, conversion efficiency, and stability of photocatalysts. Herein, the methods for measuring produced NH3 are compared, and the problems related to possible NH3 pollution in photocatalytic systems are mentioned to provide accurate ideas for measuring photocatalytic efficiency. The recent progress of nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) photocatalysts at ambient temperature and pressure is summarized by introducing charge transfer, migration, and separation in photocatalytic NRR, which provides guidance for the selection of future photocatalyst selection. More importantly, we introduce the latest research strategies of photocatalysts in detail, which can guide the preparation and design of photocatalysts with high NRR activity.
Immobilization of Proteases on Nanoflower‐Like Metal Organic Framework
Authors: Li He , Tu Yunjie , Tu Tao , Zhang Qi
Published: January 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Proteases have been widely used in pharmaceutics and industry, and an economic, convenient and robust procedure for protease immobilization is of high interest. In this study, we report immobilization of proteases by the nanoflower‐like zeolitic imidazole framework (nfZIF). Using trypsin, protease K, and Glu‐C as model enzymes, we show nfZIF represents an excellent material for protease immobilization, and the resulting protease@nfZIF composites exhibit activities comparable to or even higher than the free proteases in solution. The protease@nfZIF composites are stable in high temperature and organic solvents, and retain almost fully active after several reaction cycles. Our studies demonstrate the great potential of nfZIF in the immobilization of proteases, which could be of interest in various industrial applications.
Clavukoelloids A—M, Thirteen Rare N‐Containing Nardosinane Type Sesquiterpenoids from the Soft Coral Clavularia koellikeri
Authors: Han Xiao , Wang Zhe , Fu Anran , Liu Kun , Ma Zongchen , Tang Xuli , Zhang Dahai , Li Guoqiang
Published: January 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Thirteen new nitrogen‐containing nardosinane‐type sesquiterpenoids, clavukoelloids A—M (1—13) with unique acrylamide fragments vs. the reported general nardosinane‐type sesquiterpenoids containing lactone, were isolated from the soft coral Clavularia koellikeri collected from the South China Sea. The structures and absolute configurations of new compounds were unambiguously determined by analysis of spectroscopic data, CP3, DP4+, ECD spectra, and X‐ray diffraction. Compound 6 showed anti‐inflammatory activities and hepatoprotective activities in transgenic fluorescent zebrafish.
Performance comparison of Dask and Apache Spark on HPC systems for neuroimaging
Authors: Dugré Mathieu , Hayot‐Sasson Valérie , Glatard Tristan
Published: January 2023

The general increase in data size and data sharing motivates the adoption of Big Data strategies in several scientific disciplines. However, while several options are available, no particular guidelines exist for selecting a Big Data engine. In this paper, we compare the runtime performance of two popular Big Data engines with Python APIs, Apache Spark, and Dask, in processing neuroimaging pipelines. Our experiments use three synthetic neuroimaging applications to process the 606 GB BigBrain image and an actual pipeline to process data from thousands of anatomical images. We benchmark these applications on a dedicated HPC cluster running the Lustre file system while using varying combinations of the number of nodes, file size, and task duration. Our results show that although there are slight differences between Dask and Spark, the performance of the engines is comparable for data‐intensive applications. However, Spark requires more memory than Dask, which can lead to slower runtime depending on configuration and infrastructure. In general, the limiting factor was the data transfer time. While both engines are suitable for neuroimaging, more efforts need to be put to reduce the data transfer time and the memory footprint of applications.
CM‐FRAP–Continuum Mechanics‐Based Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching
Authors: Saito Takumi , Deguchi Shinji
Published: January 2023

Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is widely used to evaluate intracellular molecular turnover or repeated translocation of molecules using confocal laser scanning microscopy. While numerous models have been developed for the analysis of FRAP responses, in which chemical interactions and/or fast diffusion processes are involved, it is inherently difficult to evaluate the long‐term behavior of molecular turnover because of the presence of intracellular flow and microscopic deformation of bleached regions. To overcome these difficulties, we have developed a novel continuum mechanics‐based FRAP (CM‐FRAP) approach that enables simultaneous evaluation of long‐term molecular turnover and intracellular flow/deformation. Here we demonstrate the utility of CM‐FRAP by using actin molecules associated with stress fibers in rat aortic smooth muscle cells with clarification of the experimental setup and data analysis. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Plasmid construction and sample preparation

Basic Protocol 2: How to perform FRAP experiments

Basic Protocol 3: Data analysis based on CM‐FRAP
Evaluating the Use and Interpretation of the TOEIC® Listening and Reading Test Score Report: Perspectives of Test Takers in Japan
Authors: Hsieh Ching‐Ni
Published: January 2023

Researchers suggest that claims about the meaningfulness of test score interpretations and consequences of test use should be backed by evidence that stakeholders understand the definition of the construct assessed (meaningfulness) and score reports (consequences). Evaluation of stakeholders' actual uses and interpretations of score reports in large‐scale standardized language proficiency tests, however, remains limited in the score reporting literature. This study investigates how test takers, as an important stakeholder group, use and interpret the score report of the TOEIC® Listening and Reading (TOEIC L&R) test. Data were collected from 834 TOEIC L&R test takers in Japan, who represented a wide range of English language proficiency based on their TOEIC L&R total scores. The participants responded to an online survey that asked about their uses and interpretations of the test results and their comprehension of the performance feedback presented in the score report. The results showed that the participants used the test results largely as intended, providing an important piece of validity evidence to support the proposed uses of the TOEIC L&R test. Some of the score reporting elements such as the performance feedback and footnote message, however, were not easy to understand for all participants, revealing a need to improve the interpretability of the score report. The study findings have implications for designing informative score reports and the usefulness around reporting test performance feedback.
Drivers of income diversification among rural households in the Ethiopian central highlands
Authors: Getahun Wudineh , Haji Jema , Mehare Abule , Zemedu Lemma
Published: January 2023

As in most developing countries, farm households in Ethiopia are often engaged in several income diversification activities to mitigate several risks and uncertainties faced by agriculture and address poverty and food insecurity. The benefits of income diversification have been widely documented in the literature. However, little econometric evidence exists on the drivers of income diversification among farm households in Ethiopia. The paper addresses this information gap by investigating the drivers of choice decisions and intensity of income diversification among farm households using data collected from a sample of 385 randomly selected households from the Ethiopian central highlands. Unlike previous studies, our multivariate probit model results show that the choice decision of farm households is significantly interrelated and drivers had heterogeneous effects on the choice decision of households. The findings revealed that age, education, livestock, land, food shortage, agricultural commercialization cluster (ACC), investment in sustainable farming practices, rainfall, and maximum temperature significantly impacted the choice of income diversification. The fractional response logit model results revealed that age, livestock, food shortage, joint household decision‐making, ACC, income, rainfall, and study site significantly impacted the intensity of income diversification. The descriptive results revealed that most farmers (67%) tend to have a more diversified portfolio of income including off‐farm, forest, non‐farm, livestock, crop, and other sources, and the intensity of diversification ranges between 0 and 0.76. The study also finds the presence of both synergies and trade‐offs in different types of diversification. We suggest that there is an urgent need to improve the ways of income diversification among farm households to both the sustainability of small farms and ensure food security.
Acoustic multipole source–simplified lattice Boltzmann method for simulating acoustic propagation problems
Authors: Chen Rongqian , Cao Shuqi , Liu Wanhong , Song Qiaochu , You Yancheng
Published: January 2023

Combining the advantages of the acoustic multipole source (AMS) method and the simplified lattice Boltzmann method (SLBM), a method called AMS–SLBM is proposed for simulating the propagation of acoustic multipole sources in fluids. A particle source term is introduced to the right‐hand side of the lattice Boltzmann equation using the AMS method, and the macroscopic equations with source terms are derived via the Chapman–Enskog expansion analysis. Employing the fractional step technique, the solving process of the macroscopic equations can be divided into three steps: the predictor, corrector, and supplement steps. In the predictor and corrector steps, macroscopic equations without source terms are solved by SLBM, and in the supplement step, the time advancement of the source terms is solved using the finite difference method. AMS–SLBM uses SLBM to simulate the propagation of sound waves by directly evolving the macroscopic variables, which evades the evolution and storage of the distribution function, and the computational process is simpler and memory can be reduced compared to the standard LBM. Moreover, since the acoustic source term is introduced to the right‐hand side of the lattice Boltzmann equation by the AMS method, AMS–SLBM avoids the disadvantage that the traditional forced equilibrium distribution function method will interfere and cover the original flow field during the calculations. Several cases including the propagation of a plane wave, a Gaussian pulse and acoustic monopole, dipole, and quadrupole sources are simulated to validate the robustness and accuracy of the present method. The results show that AMS–SLBM can well simulate acoustic multipole sources propagation, and it affords second‐order accuracy.
Complement component C1q initiates extrinsic coagulation via the receptor for the globular head of C1q in adventitial fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Freda Christopher T. , Yin Wei , Ghebrehiwet Berhane , Rubenstein David A.
Published: January 2023

Background

Vascular diseases are highly associated with inflammation and thrombosis. Elucidating links between these two processes may provide a clearer understanding of these diseases, allowing for the design of more effective treatments. The activation of complement component 1 (C1) is a crucial contributor to innate immunity and is associated with significant concentrations of circulating C1q. Many pathological pathways initiate when C1q interacts with gC1qR. This interaction plays a major role in inflammation observed during atherosclerosis and the initiation of intrinsic coagulation. However, the effects of C1 and the role of C1q/gC1qR on extrinsic coagulation, which is the more physiologically relevant coagulation arm, has not been studied. We hypothesized that C1q binding to gC1qR enhances the expression of tissue factor (TF) in adventitial fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells, the primary TF bearing cells in the body.

Methods

Using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay approach, TF expression and the role of gC1qR was observed. Cells were conditioned for 1 h with C1q or a gC1qR blocker and C1q, to assess the role of gC1qR. Additionally, cell growth characteristics were monitored to assess changes in viability and metabolic activity.

Results

Our results indicate that the expression of TF increased significantly after incubation with C1q as compared with unconditioned cells. Cells conditioned with gC1qR blockers and C1q exhibited no change in TF expression when compared with cells conditioned with the blocking antibodies alone. Our results show no significant differences in metabolic activity or cell viability under these conditions.

Conclusions

This indicates that gC1qR association with C1q induces TF expression and may initiate extrinsic coagulation. Overall, this data illustrates a role for C1q in the activation of extrinsic coagulation and that gC1qR activity may link inflammation and thrombosis.
Photocatalytic performance evaluation of flame‐sprayed and polymeric suspension coatings from TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Palacio Claudia , Álvarez Alejandro , Mejía‐Roldán Andrés F , Urquijo Jeaneth P , Arias Jhoman , Vélez‐Monsalve Leidy C , Mejía‐Sepúlveda Juliana , Saldarriaga Julio C , Correa Mauricio A , Vargas Fabio
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Heterogeneous photocatalysis offers an interesting alternative to mitigate air pollution by using materials capable of reacting with toxic gases under ultraviolet light. One of these materials is titanium dioxide (TiO2), and thus it is necessary to analyze and improve its photocatalytic response for air depollution, in order to facilitate its use in surface applications.

RESULTS

The photocatalytic ability of the synthesized TiO2 particles to remove nitric oxide (NO) was tested, and it was found that both the anatase and rutile phases present in the samples led to a NO abatement capacity of ≈60% η NO. Two different methods to coat surfaces with TiO2 particles were evaluated: thermal spray by oxyacetylene flame and dripping of polymeric suspensions of TiO2. A more detrimental effect on photocatalytic efficiencies was found using polymeric suspension rather than flame‐spraying as coating method. This was despite the anatase transformation to rutile and Ti7O13 that TiO2 particles undergo using the latter process as a consequence of heat transfer from the flame to the particles during the coating formation.

CONCLUSION

Results obtained in this research demonstrate that polymeric suspensions inhibit the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles, probably due to the formation of a polymeric matrix on samples that constrains the action of pollutant and testing factors on samples. However, the thermal method can help retain part of the photocatalytic capability to abate NOx, despite depletion in the anatase content resulting from the heat transfer to the TiO2 raw particles sprayed to form coatings. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Design and optimization of a fault‐tolerant demultiplexer based on nano‐scale quantum‐dots
Authors: Xu Aiqin , Wu Jing , Zhou Guoliang
Published: January 2023

In quantum electronics, quantum‐dot cellular automata (CA) is a technology to replace current transistor‐based technologies. It provides low‐power, incredibly dense, and high‐speed constructions at a nano‐scale. Quantum‐dot CA is a revolutionary nano‐scale technology that overcomes various restrictions in metal‐oxide technology and simplifies the construction of digital integrated circuits. On the other hand, the demultiplexer is a valuable component for optimizing the entire process in logical design. So, proper cell placement and associated clock zone become the most important design requirement for effective logic operation in demultiplexer. Also, redundancy in fault‐tolerant circuits can increase the dependability of digital circuits. However, in this area, the studies are not adequate, and most of them suffer from improper use of clocking systems and inefficient circuit features such as fault‐tolerant. As a result, the current study demonstrates a unique quantum‐dot CA‐based fault‐tolerant 1:2 demultiplexer design. The proposed method is verified by implementing the fault‐tolerant gates and cell redundancy. Also, we look at the layouts' cells, area, latency, single‐cell missing, single‐cell displacement, and additional single‐cell. We also use the famous simulator, QCADesigner, to model the proposed design. The proposed fault‐tolerant 1:2 demultiplexer's effectiveness is also discussed. Sixty‐eight cells and 0.04 μm2 of occupied space make up the unique fault‐tolerant 1:2 demultiplexer. The results showed that the proposed design is completely faults‐tolerance regarding tolerant missing, displaced, and additional single cells faults.
An unprecedented case of cranial surgery in Longobard Italy (6th–8th century) using a cruciform incision
Authors: Micarelli Ileana , Strani Flavia , Bedecarrats Samuel , Bernardini Sara , Paine Robert R. , Bliquez Lawrence , Giostra Caterina , Gazzaniga Valentina , Tafuri Mary Anne , Manzi Giorgio
Published: January 2023

The Longobard necropolis of Castel Trosino dates from the 6th to the 8th century CE. Among the tombs excavated, the skull of an older female shows the first evidence of a cross‐shaped bone modification on a living subject. Macroscopic, microscopic, and CT scan analyses revealed signs of at least two sets of scraping marks. Specifically, SEM analysis shows that perimortem bone‐scraping traces are present on the skull. Both healed and non‐healed defects suggest that the woman has received at least twice intentional bone modifications to address her condition. This is the first evidence of a cross‐shaped therapeutic intervention on a living subject.
Process safety cards—A good deal safer
Authors: Hatch David
Published: January 2023

Process safety cards based on traditional playing cards are used to improve the awareness of front‐line personnel to potential loss of containment (LoC) scenarios. This encourages their attentiveness to such events and their potential causes. Potential LoC events can then be identified and addressed in a timely manner.
Monomer morphology selection rules for an accurate design of bulk heterojunction: An updated theoretical account
Authors: Xu Yi‐Zhou , Huang Jiu‐Chang , Sui Ming‐Yue , Sun Guang‐Yan , Xiao Chun‐Ni , Peng Yi
Published: January 2023

Theoretical simulation of film morphology with bulk heterojunction (BHJ) has become a technological breakthrough point for material and performance development in recent years. Stemming from the precision of calculation and the boom of materials, the unified process for predicting the relevant properties of BHJ through monomers needs to be further updated. This study analyzed the sensibilities of environmental changes (monomers, the acceptors of D/A and A/A in morphology) on structures and properties from fullerene to non‐fullerene materials. The results showed that it is inaccurate to predict morphology only by optimizing the monomer through employing a unified process. Due to material specificity, excessive environmental sensitivity could lead to prediction errors. In different environments, the properties of C60 with rigid structure vary greatly. The stability of fused ring electron acceptors (FREAs) is determined by the type and number of bridge bonds (single and ethylenic bonds) in main backbones, where a small number and strong conjugation are favorable. As a result, flexible ITIC is insensitive to the environment, which could be performed using a unified process. This may be the main reason for their excellent properties. This work puts forward higher requirements for the accuracy of a theoretical calculation process, and also provides an updated theoretical account for an accurate design of bulk heterojunction.
Foundational conditions enabling participatory river management in watersheds of two regulatorily disparate states: A mixed methods study
Authors: Burbach Mark E. , Eaton Weston M. , Kennedy Stephanie M. , Brasier Kathryn J.
Published: January 2023

Increasing complexity of river management is driving the need for more participatory approaches in which a wide range of stakeholders inform management actions. The foundational conditions of successful stakeholder engagement in participatory river management include the stakeholders' familiarity with, the trustworthiness of, shared vision with, and perceived competence of agencies involved in river management. We employ a convergent mixed‐methods approach to gain insight into two key stakeholder groups' (agricultural producers and non‐farm households) perceptions of foundational conditions of successful stakeholder engagement in participatory river management in watersheds of two regulatorily disparate states. Overall, ratings for familiarity were often contrary to ratings of the other three conditions. Contrary to previous research our findings suggest that familiarity does not necessarily lead to stakeholder perceived trustworthiness, shared vision, and competence of those involved in river management. These findings are important for participatory processes; for example, trust and shared vision without familiarity may inhibit the active involvement of diverse stakeholders in participatory processes that are needed for improving the management of complex riverine systems. Our findings suggest agencies and groups involved in river management prioritize developing stronger relationships with agricultural producers to improve on these foundational conditions. Agencies and groups involved in river management rated low on familiarity should consider campaigns to increase stakeholders' familiarity with them to leverage the generally high ratings on the other three foundational conditions. Future research should explore these contrary findings and their relationships to active involvement in participatory river management.
Cascade DNA Circuits Mediated CRISPR‐Cas12a Fluorescent Aptasensor based on Multifunctional Fe3O4@hollow‐TiO2@MoS2 Nanochains for Tetracycline Determination
Authors: Lv Yan , Sun Yuhan , Zhou You , Khan Imran Mahmood , Niazi Sobia , Yue Lin , Zhang Yin , Wang Zhouping
Published: January 2023

Herein, for the first time, the CRISPR‐Cas12a system is combined with aptamer, cascaded dynamic DNA network circuits, and Fe3O4@hollow‐TiO2@MoS2 nanochains (Fe3O4@h‐TiO2@MoS2 NCs) to construct an efficient sensing platform for tetracycline (TC) analysis. In this strategy, specific recognition of the target is transduced and amplified into H1‐H2 duplexes containing the specific sequence of Cas12a‐crRNA through an aptamer recognition module and the dual amplification dynamic DNA network. Subsequently, the obtained activated Cas12a protein non‐specifically cleaves the adjacent reporter gene ssDNA‐FAM to dissociate the FAM molecule from the quencher Fe3O4@h‐TiO2@MoS2 NCs, resulting in the recovery of the fluorescence signal and further signal amplification. Particularly, the synthesized multifunctional Fe3O4@h‐TiO2@MoS2 NCs composites also exhibit superb magnetic separability and photocatalytic degradation ability. Under optimal conditions, the aptasensor displays a distinct linear relationship with the logarithm of TC concentration, and the limit of detection is as low as 0.384 pg mL−1. Furthermore, the results of spiked recovery confirm the viability of the proposed aptasensor for TC quantification in real samples. This study extends the application of the CRISPR‐Cas12a system in the field of analytical sensing and contributes new insights into the exploration of reliable tools for monitoring and treating hazards in food and environment.
Redox Imbalance Triggered Intratumoral Cascade Reaction for Tumor “turn on” Imaging and Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Liu Juanzu , Zhu Han , Lin Leping , Zhao Wei , Zhu Xiaobo , Pang Dai‐Wen , Liu An‐An
Published: January 2023

The redox homeostasis in tumors enhances their antioxidant defense ability, limiting reactive oxygen species mediated tumor therapy efficacy. The development of strategies for specific and continuous disruption of the redox homeostasis in tumor cells facilitates the improvement of the cancer therapeutic effect by promoting the apoptosis of tumor cells. Herein, a responsively biodegradable targeting multifunctional integrated nanosphere (HDMn‐QDs/PEG‐FA) is designed to enhance the anti‐tumor efficacy by triggering intratumoral cascade reactions to effectively disrupt intracellular redox homeostasis. Once HDMn‐QDs/PEG‐FA enters tumor cells, manganese dioxide (MnO2) shell on the surface of nanosphere consumes glutathione (GSH) to produce Mn2+, enabling enhanced chemodynamic therapy (CDT) via a Fenton‐like reaction and T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Meanwhile, the degradation of MnO2 can also cause the fluorescence recovery of quantum dots conjugated on the surface of the shell, realizing “turn‐on” fluorescence imaging. In addition, the doxorubicin is released because of the cleavage of the embedded SS bond in the hybrid core framework by GSH. A superior synergistic therapeutic efficiency combined CDT and chemotherapy is shown by HDMn‐QDs/PEG‐FA in vivo. The tumor‐inhibition rate reaches to 94.8% and does not cause normal tissue damage due to the good targeting and tumor microenvironment‐specific response.
Dynamic Reconstructed RuO2/NiFeOOH with Coherent Interface for Efficient Seawater Oxidation
Authors: Chang Guanru , Zhou Yitong , Wang Jianghao , Zhang Hui , Yan Ping , Wu Hao Bin , Yu Xin‐Yao
Published: January 2023

Developing efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts for seawater electrolysis is still a big challenge. Herein, a facile one‐pot approach is reported to synthesize RuO2‐incorporated NiFe‐metal organic framework (RuO2/NiFe‐MOF) with unique nanobrick‐nanosheet heterostructure as precatalyst. Driven by electric field, the RuO2/NiFe‐MOF dynamically reconstructs into RuO2 nanoparticles‐anchored NiFe oxy/hydroxide nanosheets (RuO2/NiFeOOH) with coherent interface, during which the dissolution and redeposition of RuO2 are witnessed. Owing to the synergistic interaction between RuO2 and NiFeOOH, the as‐reconstructed RuO2/NiFeOOH exhibits outstanding alkaline OER activity with an ultralow overpotential of 187.6 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 31.9 mV dec−1 and excellent durability at high current densities of 840 and 1040 mA cm−2 in 1 m potassium hydroxide (KOH). When evaluated for seawater oxidation, the RuO2/NiFeOOH only needs a low overpotential of 326.2 mV to achieve 500 mA cm−2 and can continuously catalyze OER at 500 mA cm−2 for 100 h with negligible activity degradation. Density function theory calculations reveal that the presence of strong interaction and enhanced charge transfer along the coherent interface between RuO2 and NiFeOOH ensures improved OER activity and stability.
Efficient Targeted Delivery of Bifunctional Circular Aptamer‐ASO Chimera to Suppress the SARS‐CoV‐2 Proliferation and Inflammation
Authors: Yang Gang , Zhang Shengnan , Song William , Bai Xia , Li Ling , Luo Fatao , Cheng Yiran , Wang Diyue , Wang Yanqun , Chen Jiantao , Zhao Jincun , Zhao Yongyun
Published: January 2023

Inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and excessive inflammation is the current task in the prevention and treatment of corona vireus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Here, a dual‐function circular aptamer‐ASO chimera (circSApt‐NASO) is designed to suppress SARS‐CoV‐2 replication and inflammation. The chemically unmodified circSApt‐NASO exhibits high serum stability by artificial cyclization. It is also demonstrated that the SApt binding to spike protein enables the chimera to be efficiently delivered into the host cells expressing ACE2 along with the infection of SARS‐CoV‐2. Among them, the SApt potently inhibits spike‐induced inflammation. The NASO targeting to silence N genes not only display robust anti‐N‐induced inflammatory activity, but also achieve efficient inhibition of SARS‐CoV‐2 replication. Overall, benefiting from the high stability of the cyclization, antispike aptamer‐dependent, and viral infection‐mediate targeted delivery, the circSApt‐NASO displays robust potential against authentic SARS‐CoV‐2 and Omicron, providing a promising specific anti‐inflammatory and antiproliferative reagent for therapeutic COVID‐19.
In Situ Quantification of Strain‐Induced Piezoelectric Potential of Dynamically Bending ZnO Microwires
Authors: Zhang Hao , Gao Haibo , Geng Junyuan , Meng Xianghe , Xie Hui
Published: January 2023

The piezoelectric properties of semiconductor micro/nanowires (M/NWs) are crucial for optimizing semiconductors’ electronic structure and carrier dynamics. However, the dynamic characterization of the piezoelectric properties of M/NWs remains challenging. Here, a Kelvin probe force microscopy technique based on a dual‐probe atomic force microscope is developed to achieve in situ piezoelectric potential measurements of dynamic bending MWs. This technique can not only characterize the surface potential on different crystal faces of ZnO MWs in a natural state through controllable axial rotation, but also investigate the piezoelectric potential of the dynamically bending flake‐like ZnO MW at different points and under different strain loads. The results show that the surface potentials of different faces/positions of the ZnO MWs are varied significantly, and determine that the quasi‐static conditions piezo‐strain factor of the flake‐like ZnO MW is 0.28 V/%, while the factor was 0.14 V/% under low‐frequency (⩽5 Hz) sinusoidal strain loading. This work provides a significant methodology to further study piezoelectric materials, and it aims to facilitate their applications in piezoelectric devices and systems.
Heterostructured Mo2N–Mo2C Nanoparticles Coupled with N‐Doped Carbonized Wood to Accelerate the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Bang Jangwon , Moon In Kyu , Kim Young-Kwang , Oh Jungwoo
Published: January 2023

Mo2C is a promising non‐precious hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst. However, regulating the strong hydrogen adsorption characteristics of Mo2C and finding suitable support electrodes are essential processes before Mo2C can replace Pt to realize a sustainable hydrogen economy. Herein, the facile synthesis of heterostructured Mo2N–Mo2C nanoparticles on N‐doped carbonized wood (Mo2N–Mo2C/N‐CW) as a self‐supported electrode through carbonization and NH3 plasma treatment is demonstrated. The synergistic effects of heterostructured Mo2N–Mo2C and N‐CW with aligned microchannels provide enhanced catalytic activity, fast charge transfer kinetics, additional active site exposure, and rapid transport of the electrolyte and H2 bubbles, which improves the HER performance. Consequently, the Mo2N–Mo2C/N‐CW electrode exhibits superior HER performance with low overpotentials of only 79 and 311 mV to reach 10 and 500 mA cm−2 in an acidic solution, respectively. It also exhibits long‐term stability for 20 h in the high‐current‐density region (110 mA cm−2). The density functional theory (DFT) calculations at various sites reveal that the heterointerface of Mo2N and Mo2C promoted the catalytic activity by optimizing the adsorption/desorption of hydrogen.
W(h)ither U.S. hegemony in international business research?
Authors: Livanis Grigorios , Geringer J. Michael
Published: January 2023

Background

Researchers have suggested a transition from historical hegemony by authors and institutions from the U.S. is underway, reflecting an internationalization of IB research. These studies indicate that European and Asia‐Pacific business schools and their faculty members are helping to lead this transition.

Aims

This study examines whether U.S. dominance of IB research has truly reached its end, or whether the extent of this transition to non‐U.S. authors and institutions has been overstated. To the extent that U.S. hegemony has declined, this study examines what strategies may have assisted non‐U.S. nations and their business schools to emerge as leaders in producing IB research.

Materials & Methods

This study employs an in‐depth, time‐series analysis of the evolution of IB research over a 45‐year period, 1976–2020, to examine trends in institutional and national productivity globally.

Results

Despite declines in overall dominance of U.S. authors and institutions, the extent varies by type of journal and U.S. impact remains profound through Ph.D. training and collaboration. In addition, novel findings include the emergence of three distinct business models that non‐U.S. institutions have followed to enhance their global rankings in publication of IB research.

Discussion

We discuss the 3‐part typology of strategies by which non‐U.S. institutions have enhanced their productivity and international rankings.

Conclusions

Key conclusions from the study, including contributions and their implications, are presented along with considerations for further research.
Learning Analytics in Education for the Twenty-First Century
Authors: De Witte Kristof , Chénier Marc-André
Published: January 2023

The online traces that students leave on electronic learning platforms; the improved integration of educational, administrative and online data sources; and the increasing accessibility of hands-on software allow the domain of learning analytics to flourish. Learning analytics, as in interdisciplinary domain borrowing from statistics, computer sciences and education, exploits the increased accessibility of technology to foster an optimal learning environment that is both transparent and cost-effective. This chapter illustrates the potential of learning analytics to stimulate learning outcomes and to contribute to educational quality management. Moreover, it discusses the increasing emergence of large and accessible data sets in education and compares the cost-effectiveness of learning analytics to that of costly and unreliable retrospective studies and surveys. The chapter showcases the potential of methods that permit savvy users to make insightful predictions about student types, performance and the potential of reforms. The chapter concludes with recommendations, challenges to the implementation and growth of learning analytics.