bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RAB3 phosphorylation by pathogenic LRRK2 impairs trafficking of synaptic vesicle precursors
Authors: Dou Dan , Aiken Jayne , Holzbaur Erika L.F.
Published: July 2023

Gain-of-function mutations in theLRRK2gene cause Parkinson’s disease (PD), characterized by debilitating motor and non-motor symptoms. Increased phosphorylation of a subset of RAB GTPases by LRRK2 is implicated in PD pathogenesis. We find that increased phosphorylation of RAB3A, a cardinal synaptic vesicle precursor (SVP) protein, disrupts anterograde axonal transport of SVPs in iPSC-derived human neurons (iNeurons) expressing hyperactiveLRRK2-p.R1441H. Knockout of the opposing protein phosphatase 1H (PPM1H) in iNeurons phenocopies this effect. In these models, the compartmental distribution of synaptic proteins is altered; synaptophysin and synaptobrevin-2 become sequestered in the neuronal soma with decreased delivery to presynaptic sites along the axon. We find that RAB3A phosphorylation disrupts binding to the motor adapter MADD, potentially preventing formation of the RAB3A-MADD-KIF1A/1Bβ complex driving anterograde SVP transport. RAB3A hyperphosphorylation also disrupts interactions with RAB3GAP and RAB-GDI1. Our results reveal a mechanism by which pathogenic hyperactive LRRK2 may contribute to the altered synaptic homeostasis associated with characteristic non-motor and cognitive manifestations of PD.

Dou et al. demonstrate that Parkinson’s disease-associated hyperactive LRRK2 decreases trafficking of synaptic vesicle proteins within neurons by disrupting regulation of the synaptic vesicle precursor protein RAB3A. Impaired delivery of synaptic proteins to presynaptic sites could contribute to progression of debilitating non-motor PD symptoms.
Ribosome Heterogeneity in Development and Disease
Authors: Gao Yuen , Wang Hongbing
Published: July 2023

The functional ribosome is composed of ∼80 ribosome proteins. With the intensity-based absolute quantification (iBAQ) value, we calculate the stoichiometry ratio of each ribosome protein. We analyze the ribosome ratio-omics (RibosomeR), which reflects the holistic signature of ribosome composition, in various biological samples with distinct functions, developmental stages, and pathological outcomes. The RibosomeRreveals significant ribosome heterogeneity among different tissues of fat, spleen, liver, kidney, heart, and skeletal muscles. During tissue development, testes at various stages of spermatogenesis show distinct RibosomeRsignatures. Duringin vitroneuronal maturation, the RibosomeRchanges reveal functional association with certain molecular aspects of neurodevelopment. Regarding ribosome heterogeneity associated with pathological conditions, the RibosomeRsignature of gastric tumors is functionally linked to pathways associated with tumorigenesis. Moreover, the RibosomeRundergoes dynamic changes in macrophages following immune challenges. Taken together, with the examination of a broad spectrum of biological samples, the RibosomeRbarcode reveals ribosome heterogeneity and specialization in cell function, development, and disease.

One-Sentence Summary

Ratio-omics signature of ribosome deciphers functionally relevant heterogeneity in development and disease.
Histidine and its uptake are essential for the growth ofStaphylococcus aureusat low pH
Authors: Beetham Catrin M. , Schuster Christopher F. , Santiago Marina , Walker Suzanne , Gründling Angelika
Published: July 2023

Staphylococcus aureusis an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing many different human diseases. During colonization and infection,S. aureuswill encounter a range of hostile environments, including acidic conditions such as those found on the skin and within macrophages. However, little is known about the mechanisms thatS. aureususes to detect and respond to low pH. Here, we employed a transposon sequencing approach to determine on a genome-wide level the genes required or detrimental for growth at low pH. We identified 31 genes that were essential for the growth ofS. aureusat pH 4.5 and confirmed the importance of many of them through follow up experiments using mutant strains inactivated for individual genes. Most of the genes identified code for proteins with functions in cell wall assembly and maintenance. These data suggest that the cell wall has a more important role than previously appreciated in promoting bacterial survival when under acid stress. We also identified several novel processes previously not linked to the acid stress response inS. aureus. These include aerobic respiration and histidine transport, the latter by showing that one of the most important genes,SAUSA300_0846, codes for a previously uncharacterized histidine transporter. We show that anS. aureus SAUSA300_0846mutant is unable to maintain its cytosolic pH, thereby revealing an important function for histidine and its transport in buffering the intracellular pH in bacteria.

Author summary

Staphylococcus aureusis an important human bacterial pathogen that can cause a range of diseases. During infection, the pathogen will encounter a hostile environment within the human host, including acidic conditions such as those found on the skin and within macrophages. The bacterium has developed sophisticated strategies to survive and grow under such harsh conditions. Here we performed a genome wide screen to identify factors that are required by this pathogen to survive under acid stress conditions and identified several novel processes including histidine uptake. Understanding the response ofS. aureusto deal with acid stress conditions will help us better manage infections.
The Hippo kinase cascade regulates a contractile cell behavior and cell density in a close unicellular relative of animals
Authors: Phillips Jonathan E , Pan Duojia
Published: July 2023

The genomes of close unicellular relatives of animals encode orthologs of many genes that regulate animal development. However, little is known about the function of such genes in unicellular organisms or the evolutionary process by which these genes came to function in multicellular development. The Hippo pathway, which regulates cell proliferation and tissue size in animals, is present in some of the closest unicellular relatives of animals, including the amoeboid organismCapsaspora owczarzaki. We previously showed that theCapsasporaortholog of the Hippo pathway nuclear effector Yorkie/YAP/TAZ (coYki) regulates actin dynamics and the three-dimensional morphology ofCapsasporacell aggregates, but is dispensable for cell proliferation control (Phillips et al., 2022). However, the function of upstream Hippo pathway components, and whether and how they regulate coYki inCapsaspora, remained unknown. Here, we analyze the function of the upstream Hippo pathway kinases coHpo and coWts inCapsasporaby generating mutant lines for each gene. Loss of either kinase results in increased nuclear localization of coYki, indicating an ancient, premetazoan origin of this Hippo pathway regulatory mechanism. Strikingly, we find that loss of either kinase causes a contractile cell behavior and increased density of cell packing withinCapsasporaaggregates. We further show that this increased cell density is not due to differences in proliferation, but rather actomyosin-dependent changes in the multicellular architecture of aggregates. Given its well-established role in cell density-regulated proliferation in animals, the increased density of cell packing incoHpoandcoWtsmutants suggests a shared and possibly ancient and conserved function of the Hippo pathway in cell density control. Together, these results implicate cytoskeletal regulation but not proliferation as an ancestral function of the Hippo pathway kinase cascade and uncover a novel role for Hippo signaling in regulating cell density in a proliferation-independent manner.
Anti-CD47 immunotherapy as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of breast cancer brain metastasis
Authors: Mackert Jessica D. , Stirling Elizabeth R. , Wilson Adam S. , Westwood Brian , Zhao Dawen , Lo Hui-Wen , Metheny-Barlow Linda , Cook Katherine L. , Lesser Glenn J. , Soto-Pantoja David R.
Published: July 2023

The presence of cell surface protein CD47 allows cancer cells to evade innate and adaptive immune surveillance resulting in metastatic spread. CD47 binds to and activates SIRPα on the surface of myeloid cells, inhibiting their phagocytic activity. On the other hand, CD47 binds the matricellular protein Thrombospondin-1, limiting T-cell activation. Thus, blocking CD47 is a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing brain metastasis. To test this hypothesis, breast cancer patient biopsies were stained with antibodies against CD47 to determine differences in protein expression. An anti-CD47 antibody was used in a syngeneic orthotopic triple-negative breast cancer model, and CD47 null mice were used in a breast cancer brain metastasis model by intracardiac injection of the E0771-Br-Luc cell line. Immunohistochemical staining of patient biopsies revealed an 89% increase in CD47 expression in metastatic brain tumors compared to normal adjacent tissue (p ≤ 0.05). Anti-CD47 treatment in mice bearing brain metastatic 4T1br3 orthotopic tumors reduced tumor volume and tumor weight by over 50% compared to control mice (p ≤ 0.05) and increased IBA1 macrophage/microglia marker 5-fold in tumors compared to control (p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, CD47 blockade increased the M1/M2 macrophage ratio in tumors 2.5-fold (p ≤ 0.05). CD47 null mice had an 89% decrease in metastatic brain burden (p ≤ 0.05) compared to control mice in a brain metastasis model. Additionally, RNA sequencing revealed several uniquely expressed genes and significantly enriched genes related to tissue development, cell death, and cell migration tumors treated with anti-CD47 antibodies. Thus, demonstrating that CD47 blockade affects cancer cell and tumor microenvironment signaling to limit metastatic spread and may be an effective therapeutic for triple-negative breast cancer brain metastasis.
Poly(dA:dT) tracts differentially modulate nucleosome remodeling activity of RSC and ISW1a complexes, exerting tract orientation-dependent and -independent effects
Authors: Amigo Roberto , Raiqueo Fernanda , Tarifeño Estefanía , Farkas Carlos , Gutiérrez José L.
Published: July 2023

The establishment and maintenance of nucleosome-free regions (NFRs) are prominent processes within chromatin dynamics. Transcription factors, ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes (CRCs) and DNA sequences are the main factors involved. InSaccharomyces cerevisiae, CRCs such as RSC contribute to chromatin opening at NFRs, while other complexes, including ISW1a, contribute to NFR shrinking. Regarding DNA sequences, growing evidence point to poly(dA:dT) tracts as playing a direct role in the active processes involved in nucleosome positioning dynamics. Intriguingly, poly(dA:dT) tract-containing NFRs span asymmetrically relative to the location of the tract, by a currently unknown mechanism. In order to get insight into the role of poly(dA:dT) tracts in nucleosome remodeling, we performed a systematic analysis of their influence on the activity of ISW1a and RSC complexes, with focus on their effect when located on linker DNA. Our findings revealed that poly(dA:dT) tracts differentially affect the activity of these CRCs. Moreover, we found differences between the effects exerted by the two alternative tract orientations. Our results support a model for the asymmetric chromatin opening that take place around these sequences.
Does auditor ethnicity matter in determining audit fees? Some empirical evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Cahyono Suham , Harymawan Iman , Wardani Damara Ardelia Kusuma , Kamarudin Khairul Anuar
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the presence of the audit partner ethnicity on audit fees within the Indonesian context.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample consists of 803 firm-year observations from the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2014–2018. The study uses fixed-effect regression analysis to examine the relationship between audit partner ethnicity and audit fees.

Findings

This study reveals that firms audited by audit partners from the main ethnic group demonstrate lower audit fees, indicating a more extensive audit business network for this particular group of auditors compared to those from minority ethnic groups. Particularly, the study finds that firms audited by audit partners from the three largest ethnicities, namely, Balinese, Javanese and West Sumatranese, are associated with lower audit fees compared to others. These findings further contribute to the existing narrative and literature that highlight the ethnic background of audit partners as a form of social capital that influences lower audit fees.

Research limitations/implications

This study provides valuable practical and academic implications regarding the impact of audit partner ethnicity on audit fees. The findings highlight the importance for audit firms to strive for a balanced representation of ethnic diversity in their auditor characteristics, as it can positively influence both governance and marketing strategies. By recognizing and addressing the significance of ethnic diversity among audit partners, firms can enhance their overall effectiveness and success in the auditing profession.

Originality/value

This study makes a unique contribution by providing empirical data on audit pricing theory in Indonesia, specifically focusing on the role of ethnic diversity as a determinant of audit pricing. Previous research has not extensively explored the connection between auditor ethnicity and audit fees, particularly in relation to the business network as a channel mechanism. The theoretical explanations for the fee differentials have also been limited in prior studies. The current study addresses this gap by offering a theoretical basis that highlights the advantage of the dominant ethnic group in establishing an efficient audit market system. Consequently, these auditors are able to charge lower fees to clients without compromising on the quality of their services. This finding aligns with the existing literature on audit fees and underscores the importance of the main ethnic group in fostering an effective audit market, resulting in lower audit fees compared to mixed audit markets.
The reciprocal relationship between search engine optimization (SEO) success and brand equity (BE): an analysis of SMEs
Authors: Chen Jun-Cheng , Sénéchal Sylvain
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Search engine optimization (SEO) has long been a key topic in marketing research, but there are very few studies addressing SEO success and brand equity (BE). Thus, this study aims to investigate the interdependence of SEO success and BE, with a specific focus on small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Design/methodology/approach

The study involved conducting interviews with SEO and digital marketing experts, followed by a comprehensive analysis of their responses to investigate the mutual association between BE and SEO. The analysis of the interview data was conducted using the grounded theory approach.

Findings

The placement of a brand on top of search engine results is perceived as an indication of its credibility by searchers. Well-established brands tend to have superior SEO performance due to the impact of search algorithms and their powerful brand recognition. Lesser-known brands should improve their SEO performance to enhance their BE.

Practical implications

This study makes a significant contribution to the understanding of the interdependence between SEO and BE. Specifically, this study provides SMEs with effective SEO strategies to enhance their BE in the future.

Originality/value

This study presents unprecedented findings on the reciprocal relationship between SEO success and BE. The study also highlights the potential risk for SMEs of falling into a negative spiral due to poor SEO performance and offers practical business solutions to address this issue.
Analysis of airport design for introducing infrastructure for autonomous drones
Authors: Edelman Harry , Stenroos Joel , Peña Queralta Jorge , Hästbacka David , Oksanen Jani , Westerlund Tomi , Röning Juha
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Connecting autonomous drones to ground operations and services is a prerequisite for the adoption of scalable and sustainable drone services in the built environment. Despite the rapid advance in the field of autonomous drones, the development of ground infrastructure has received less attention. Contemporary airport design offers potential solutions for the infrastructure serving autonomous drone services. To that end, this paper aims to construct a framework for connecting air and ground operations for autonomous drone services. Furthermore, the paper defines the minimum facilities needed to support unmanned aerial vehicles for autonomous logistics and the collection of aerial data.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reviews the state-of-the-art in airport design literature as the basis for analysing the guidelines of manned aviation applicable to the development of ground infrastructure for autonomous drone services. Socio-technical system analysis was used for identifying the service needs of drones.

Findings

The key findings are functional modularity based on the principles of airport design applies to micro-airports and modular service functions can be connected efficiently with an autonomous ground handling system in a sustainable manner addressing the concerns on maintenance, reliability and lifecycle.

Research limitations/implications

As the study was limited to the airport design literature findings, the evolution of solutions may provide features supporting deviating approaches. The role of autonomy and cloud-based service processes are quintessentially different from the conventional airport design and are likely to impact real-life solutions as the area of future research.

Practical implications

The findings of this study provided a framework for establishing the connection between the airside and the landside for the operations of autonomous aerial services. The lack of such framework and ground infrastructure has hindered the large-scale adoption and easy-to-use solutions for sustainable logistics and aerial data collection for decision-making in the built environment.

Social implications

The evolution of future autonomous aerial services should be accessible to all users, “democratising” the use of drones. The data collected by drones should comply with the privacy-preserving use of the data. The proposed ground infrastructure can contribute to offloading, storing and handling aerial data to support drone services’ acceptability.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the paper describes the first design framework for creating a design concept for a modular and autonomous micro-airport system for unmanned aviation based on the applied functions of full-size conventional airports.
Impact of visual multimedia in improving entrepreneurial competence and economic self-efficacy among widowed women farmers
Authors: Okeke Somtochukwu Victor , Abdullah Nabaz Nawzad , Onakpa Shaibu Mohammed , Nwokolo Peter , Ugwuoke Joel C. , Agujiobi-Odoh Ngozi , Gever Verlumun Celestine
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study aims to assess the impact of visual multimedia in improving entrepreneurial competence and economic self-efficacy among widowed women farmers.

Design/methodology/approach

The participants received entrepreneurial training through visual multimedia package. The sample size was made up of 540 widowed women farmers. The entrepreneurship competence and economic self-efficacy scales were used as the instruments for data collection. The purpose of the entrepreneurial competence scale was to measure the mental competence of the participants to engage in entrepreneurial ventures. On the other hand, the economic self-efficacy scale measured the ability of the women to solve their financial problems, thus, meeting their financial needs. Both scales were administered face-to-face to the participants before, and after the training and during follow-up assessment after three years.

Findings

The result of the study showed that the women farmers reported low entrepreneurship competence and economic self-efficacy before the training. After the training, the women farmers who received the multimedia training reported an improvement, but those who did not receive the training did not show an improvement. A follow-up assessment after three years revealed stability in the improvement among women farmers who received the training. It was also indicated that interactive visual multimedia was found to be more effective than noninteractive visual multimedia.

Originality/value

This study has provided empirical evidence on how best to empower widowed women farmers by improving their entrepreneurial competence and economic self-efficacy. This information could be useful for policy formulation and advocacy in relation to women’s empowerment.
Q-commerce or E-commerce? A systematic state of the art on comparative last-mile logistics greenhouse gas emissions literature review
Authors: Gund Harshal Pandurang , Daniel Jay
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to systematically review available state-of-the-art literature on comparative studies on Quick Commerce (Q-commerce) and E-commerce and their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

Design/methodology/approach

The literature survey methodology is based on the funneling approach of Kitchenham (2004), where results are obtained according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The literature review methodology used for this study covers the period from 2016 to 2022. The areas considered for the survey are operations, logistics and supply chain network design for the distribution of goods in e-business. After deciding on the criteria, a total of 140 articles were extracted from 9 journal articles that study e-commerce and environmental emissions.

Findings

The result of this study reveals that GHG emissions from both modes of shopping depend on various parameters such as speed of delivery, last-mile depot locations, logistics and vehicle efficiency, customers’ order patterns and average basket size. Furthermore, the findings also highlight the difference between Q-commerce and E-commerce supply chain networks.

Research limitations/implications

This study only accounts for GHG emissions from logistics activities, but there are other sources of GHG emissions in the overall supply chain that are not taken into consideration. Supply chain/business analysts in Q-commerce companies might refer the findings from this study to measure GHG emissions from their operations.

Originality/value

This is the first study in the Q-commerce field that uses a structured approach to find relevant literature from the years 2016 to 2022 and focuses on GHG emission measurement.
Can the ocean economy in Brazil become blue?
Authors: Câmara Samuel Façanha , Pinto Francisco Roberto , Silva Felipe Roberto da , Torres Junior Paulo , Soares Marcelo Oliveira
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to identify the potential for economic activities related to the ocean economy in Brazil to become blue economy (BE) activities, in which the concept of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is central.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve the aim, the authors collected information on the SDGs and estimated data from the ocean economy sectors for the 256 Brazilian coastal cities. The authors predicted the indices for potential development of territories and sectors in the BE using two parameters: employed persons (EP) and sectoral added value (AV).

Findings

The results show that the capitals of coastal states present the highest potential indices for the BE, especially Rio de Janeiro, which accounted for 83.3% of sectoral added value in the Brazilian ocean economy with potential for sustainable development and generated 107,800 active formal jobs (26.9% of the country's total). In addition, restaurants, hotels and similar establishments are, on the Brazilian coast, the most frequent on the coastal zone and have the highest potential for BE activities.

Originality/value

Regarding its contributions, this research innovates by developing an indicator that can help stakeholders understand the similarities and differences between cities and regions, whether through a social, economic, or environmental lens. Therefore, by following this methodological path for measuring the BE, viewing the distinct patterns of sustainable development by area is possible, thereby supporting action plans for the fulfillment of the 2030 Agenda and the implementation of a marine spatial planning process for the country in the context of the Ocean Decade (2021–2030).

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-02-2023-0112
Property tax reassessment among local authorities: the implementation and its key challenges
Authors: Senawi Asma , Osmadi Atasya
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The role of local authorities is crucial in addressing the essential needs of communities, and they possess the right to impose property taxes on all properties within their territory. Property taxes are levied on all properties, contributing to approximately 60% of the local authority’s finances. However, their role in this policy is not frequently understood, primarily in executing property tax reassessment. Hence, this paper aims to reveal property tax reassessment implementation and identify its key challenges.

Design/methodology/approach

The latest tone of the list record was extracted from the local government division, Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia, to answer the research objective. The data were received on November 2021 by email. Furthermore, through the literature review, the most significant challenges in property tax reassessment were identified, compared and presented.

Findings

The results highlight that property tax reassessment implementation in West Malaysia is at the level of concern where only two councils have the latest tone of the list. However, larger councils have a higher performance compared to smaller councils. The findings also reveal various challenges in property tax reassessment, such as insufficient human resources, inadequate property systems and software and lack of financial capacity. Others include a shortage of competent assessors, lower public education, political interference and socioeconomic uncertainty.

Practical implications

This study offers practical implications to policy and decision-makers in the West Malaysian local authorities. Despite inferior performance by West Malaysian local authorities, there is a need for conducting property tax reassessment activity to ensure the quality and uniformity of the assessment. This study suggests that local government stakeholders and managers should devote more attention to formulating long-term plans and promoting the property tax reassessment practice. The property tax reform could solve the current situation of substandard reassessment activity.

Originality/value

This study explains, compares and interprets the actual statistical data through the figures and summarises the challenges of property tax reassessment activity among local authorities.
Mapping representations in qualitative case studies: can we adapt Boisot’s I-Space model?
Authors: Spinuzzi Clay
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to consider ways to visually model data generated by qualitative case studies, pointing out a need for visualizations that depict both synchronic relations across representations and how those relations change diachronically. To develop an appropriate modeling approach, the paper critically examines Max Boisot’s I-Space model, a conceptual model for understanding the interplay among knowledge assets used by a population. I-Space maps information in three dimensions (abstraction, codification and diffusion). It is not directly adoptable for case study methodology due to three fundamental disjunctures: in theory, methodology and unit of analysis. However, it can be adapted for qualitative research by substituting analogues for abstraction, codification and diffusion.

Design/methodology/approach

Using an example from early-stage technology entrepreneurship, this paper first reviews network, flow and matrix models used to systematically visualize case study data. It then presents Boisot’s I-Space model and critiques it from the perspective of qualitative workplace studies. Finally, it adapts the model using measures that have been used in qualitative case studies.

Findings

This paper notes three limitations of the I-Space model when applied to empirical cases of workplace learning. Its theory of information does not account well for how people use representations synchronically for learning. It is a conceptual framework, and the tentative attempts to use it for mapping representations have been used in workshops, not for systematically collected data. It does not adequately bound a case for analysis. Thus, it can be applied analogically but not directly for mapping representations in qualitative case studies.

Practical implications

This paper identifies a possible way to develop I-Space for strategically mapping representations in qualitative case studies, using measures analogous to the I-Space axes to reflect observable behavior.

Originality/value

In providing a methodological critique for one model of knowledge management, this paper also develops criteria for appropriate modeling of meaningful artifacts in the context of qualitative studies of workplaces.
Using the Power-Interruptions-Finances-Resources model to tackle the financial management problems of municipal corporations in India
Authors: Sharma Eliza , Prince John Ben
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The paper aims to explore the problems related to the financial management of municipal corporations in India and to suggest solutions.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on primary data collected from a sample of 577 employees of municipal corporations working in four metro cities of India, namely Chennai, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Delhi. Data were put through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis for problem identification and inferences were classified and grouped to map the solutions for these problems.

Findings

The study found that municipal corporations in India face four major problems or issues in their financial management. These problems are mainly related to the four dimensions: Power, Interruptions, Finances, and Resources. The model used to explore these four types of issues is named as “PIFR model” by the author.

Originality/value

The findings suggest that real-world problems can be represented through a conceptual model that helps in identifying practical suggestions which can be implemented by municipal corporations at the ground level for better financial management.
Exploring the direct and indirect relationships between policing and citizen satisfaction in South Korea
Authors: Cho Joon Tag
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The author explored the direct and indirect relationships between policing and citizen satisfaction, considering both the policing and neighborhood context at the regional level.

Design/methodology/approach

The author conducted regression and path analysis based on the combined data of 190 local governments from the Korean National Police Agency, the Korean Crime Victim Survey and Statistics Korea.

Findings

Patrol officers, a public safety budget, criminal arrests and perceived safety were positively associated with citizen satisfaction, whereas drinking rate was negatively associated with citizen satisfaction. The arrest rate partially mediated the relationship between the public safety budget and citizen satisfaction. In addition, the relationship between drinking rate and citizen satisfaction with police was partially mediated by perceived safety.

Practical implications

Police and local governments should enhance citizen satisfaction by improving poor indicators of policing and neighborhood context and by considering the dynamics between factors.

Originality/value

Studies analyzing the mediating effects on citizen satisfaction with police are still lacking.
Should I invest or not? Investigating the role of biases and status quo
Authors: Mamidala Vasanthi , Kumari Pooja , Singh Dakshita
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the behaviour of retail investors while making an investment decision and how it gets affected by the behavioural biases of the investors using a moderated-mediation framework.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed method approach has been used to fulfil the objectives of the study. In the first study, a qualitative analysis of the interviews with 15 retail investors was conducted. As part of the quantitative study, a total of 201 responses from Indian retail investors were collected using systematic sampling and analysed using structural equation modelling and Process Macro.

Findings

The results indicate that anchoring bias, availability bias, herding bias, switching cost, sunk cost, regret avoidance and perceived threat have a significant effect on retail investors’ investing intention. The attitude of the investors towards investing decisions mediates the effects of behavioural bias and the status quo on investment intention. The results of the moderated-mediation analysis indicate that mediating effect of attitude varied at the low and high-risk aversion of investors.

Practical implications

The findings of this study will help regulators and retail investors to understand the critical behavioural biases which affect the investors’ investing intention.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to the literature on investors’ behaviour, status quo bias theory (SQB) and behavioural bias. This study uniquely proposes a moderated-mediation framework to understand the effects of biases on retail investors’ investment intention.
Temporal dispersion correction for wave‐propagation modelling with a series approach
Authors: Mulder W. A.
Published: July 2023

Temporal dispersion correction of second‐order finite‐difference time stepping for numerical wave propagation modelling exploits the fact that the discrete operator is exact but for the wrong frequencies. Mapping recorded traces to the correct frequencies removes the numerical error. Most of the implementations employ forward and inverse Fourier transforms. Here, it is noted that these can be replaced by a series expansion involving higher time derivatives of the data. Its implementation by higher‐order finite differencing can be sensitive to numerical noise, but this can be suppressed by enlarging the stencil. Tests with the finite‐element method on a homogeneous acoustic problem with an exact solution show that the method can achieve the same accuracy as higher‐order time stepping, similar to that obtained with Fourier transforms. The same holds for an inhomogeneous problem with topography where the solution on a very fine mesh is used as reference. The series approach costs less than dispersion correction with the Fourier method and can be used on the fly during the time stepping. It does, however, require a wavelet that is sufficiently many times differentiable in time.
Partitioning variance in population growth for models with environmental and demographic stochasticity
Authors: Knape Jonas , Paquet Matthieu , Arlt Debora , Kačergytė Ineta , Pärt Tomas
Published: July 2023

How demographic factors lead to variation or change in growth rates can be investigated using life table response experiments (LTRE) based on structured population models. Traditionally, LTREs focused on decomposing the asymptotic growth rate, but more recently decompositions of annual ‘realized’ growth rates using ‘transient’ LTREs have gained in popularity.

Transient LTREs have been used particularly to understand how variation in vital rates translate into variation in growth for populations under long‐term study. For these, complete population models may be constructed to investigate how temporal variation in environmental drivers affect vital rates. Such investigations have usually come down to estimating covariate coefficients for the effects of environmental variables on vital rates, but formal ways of assessing how they lead to variation in growth rates have been lacking.

We extend transient LTREs to further partition the contributions from vital rates into contributions from temporally varying factors that affect them. The decomposition allows one to compare the resultant effect on the growth rate of different environmental factors, as well as density dependence, which may each act via multiple vital rates. We also show how realized growth rates can be decomposed into separate components from environmental and demographic stochasticity. The latter is typically omitted in LTRE analyses.

We illustrate these extensions with an integrated population model (IPM) for data from a 26 years study on northern wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe), a migratory passerine bird breeding in an agricultural landscape. For this population, consisting of around 50–120 breeding pairs per year, we partition variation in realized growth rates into environmental contributions from temperature, rainfall, population density and unexplained random variation via multiple vital rates, and from demographic stochasticity.

The case study suggests that variation in first year survival via the unexplained random component, and adult survival via temperature are two main factors behind environmental variation in growth rates. More than half of the variation in growth rates is suggested to come from demographic stochasticity, demonstrating the importance of this factor for populations of moderate size.
Moving Toward Inclusion: Access to Care Models for Uninsured Immigrant Children
Authors: GIRTAIN KATELYN , SHAH SURAL , MONTERREY ANA C. , GUTIERREZ J. RAUL , KUCZEWSKI MARK , LINTON JULIE M.
Published: July 2023

Policy Points

Models for access to care for uninsured immigrant children that mitigate structural and sociopolitical barriers to inclusive health care include funding structures (e.g., state‐sponsored coverage) and care delivery systems (e.g., federally qualified health centers,).

Although the quintessential model of access to care necessitates health coverage for all children regardless of immigration status or date of United States entry, incremental policy change may more realistically and efficiently advance equitable access to high‐quality health care.

Intentional advocacy efforts should prioritize achievable goals that are grounded in data, are attentive to the sociopolitical milieu, are inclusive of diverse perspectives, and would meaningfully impact health care access and outcomes.
The evolution trend, regional differences, and influencing factors of sustainable development efficiency in rural China under the constraint of water and energy
Authors: Xu Ruifan , Ding Yun , Hao Deiquan , Liu Wenxin
Published: July 2023

Water and energy are not only the foundation of high‐quality development in rural areas but also important constraints. Exploring the inner relationship between water, energy, and economic development has important significance for the high‐quality development in rural areas. This paper first constructs the evaluation index system of high‐quality development in rural areas, and quantifies high‐quality development levels in rural China from 1997 to 2021. Second, from the perspective of water footprint, the Super‐slack based measure model is used to calculate sustainable development efficiency under the constraint of water and energy. Finally, kernel density function, Gini coefficient method, and Tobit model are used to explore the evolution trend, regional differences, and driving factors of sustainable development efficiency in rural China. The results show that: (1) Under the constraint of water and energy, sustainable development efficiency in rural China is relatively low, showing a fluctuating trend of first rising and then declining. The efficiency in the western and eastern regions is higher than the national average, while the central region is the lowest. (2) The evolution trend of sustainable development efficiency in rural China, both the eastern and the western regions, shows the characteristics of “decreasing efficiency and weak polarization phenomenon,” while the central region shows the characteristics of “decreasing efficiency and no polarization phenomenon.” (3) The regional differences illustrate a fluctuating upward trend, which is mainly caused by the hypervariable density, followed by the differences among provinces in the eastern region. (4) Economic development, opening up, and rural marketization are the main factors.
The Chesapeake Bay Land Change Model: Simulating future land use scenarios and potential impacts on water quality
Authors: Claggett Peter R. , Ahmed Labeeb , Irani Frederick M. , McDonald Sarah , Thompson Renee L.
Published: July 2023

The Chesapeake Bay Land Change Model (CBLCM) is an open‐source pseudo‐cellular automata land change model tailored for loose coupling with watershed models. The CBLCM simulates infill development, residential and commercial development, natural land and agricultural land conversion, and growth served by sewer or septic wastewater treatment. The CBLCM is unique among land change models by simulating multiple types of development and explicitly accounting for infill development and the spatial patterns of development densities. The CBLCM was used to simulate five future land use scenarios, holding population constant, for all counties within and adjacent to the Chesapeake Bay watershed from 2013 to 2055. Results are presented here for the state of Maryland over the period 2013–2025 to illustrate model functionality and validation. The growth management (GM) scenario achieved the least development and potential impacts to natural and agricultural lands while accommodating the same amount of population growth as the other four scenarios. Scenarios focusing exclusively on natural or agricultural land protection shifted development to unprotected areas resulting in unforeseen water quality consequences. Simultaneously achieving more compact development while protecting the most valued natural and agricultural lands requires a combination of GM and land conservation policies and actions.
Client‐centered lifestyle intervention for men with fibromyalgia syndrome: Is efficacy independent of gender?
Authors: Salar Sinem , Bülbül Özgür , Alataş Duygu Mine , Ekici Gamze
Published: July 2023

Aim

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) has a significant impact on daily life, but the fact that most diagnosed individuals are women makes it difficult to understand the occupational needs and lifestyle choices of male patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a client‐centered lifestyle intervention program in men with fibromyalgia and compare it with women.

Methods

The client‐centered lifestyle intervention program was applied to 15 men with fibromyalgia in two sessions per week for 4 weeks in individual sessions and compared with data from 15 women who had previously participated in the same program. The Revised Fibromyalgia Questionnaire, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale were used as outcome measures.

Results

When comparing results between baseline and 4 weeks later, statistically significant differences were found in the male group in the areas of fibromyalgia severity (p = .001), occupational performance (p = .001), occupational satisfaction (p = .001), anxiety (p = .002), depression (p = .005), and life satisfaction (p = .002). It was found that occupational performance and occupational satisfaction increased significantly more in women than in men (p = .004 and p = .001, respectively).

Conclusion

The client‐centered lifestyle intervention was shown to be effective in fibromyalgia severity, occupational performance, occupational satisfaction, anxiety, depression, and life satisfaction of both men and women with FMS. Levels of progress in occupational participation could show gender‐based differences. The study suggests that more attention should be paid to psychosocial factors when assessing men's occupational participation and planning appropriate interventions.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of a palm weevils' outbreak and susceptibility of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) landraces in a germplasm bank in southwestern Colombia
Authors: Gutiérrez Yeisson , Santos‐Holguín Jenny M. , Moncayo Vanessa , Guzmán Félix Alberto
Published: July 2023

The palm weevils Rhynchophorus palmarum and Dynamis borassi are prominent pest species in peach palms and coconut in Colombia. Nevertheless, knowledge of the population dynamics of these weevil species in the neotropical region is still scarce. In this study, we systematically sampled these weevils over 2 years using pheromone traps (1 trap ha−1) in an experimental peach palm plantation under heavy weevil infestation in southwestern Colombia. Additionally, we censused the palms in a portion of the plantation (a peach palm germplasm bank) before and after the weevil monitoring. We analysed the data to elucidate sex‐specific temporal and spatial patterns of both R. palmarum and D. borassi in a 19.13 ha area. Furthermore, we sought to detect peach palm landraces within the germplasm bank susceptible and resistant/tolerant to the weevil attack. During periods when insect populations were high, we observed that R. palmarum consistently outnumbered D. borassi. Specifically, we found that R. palmarum reached up to 80 insects trap−1 month−1, while D. borassi only reached around 30 insects trap−1 month−1 during the peak months. However, both species exhibited synchronous population peaks, which were not related to rainfall or temperature but rather to the phenological stage of the peach palm. Furthermore, the weevils had a highly aggregated spatial pattern; insect catchments were more prolific in areas where the landraces Nariño and Risaralda were sown. Moreover, the census evidenced that these two landraces were the most affected. Contrarily, weevil capture was overall low around the Guaviare landrace, this was the only landrace that exhibited an increase in stipes between census years. Our results highlight that complementary control strategies are needed to counteract sudden weevil population outbreaks, as pheromone traps are a good tool for monitoring but not for effective control. Furthermore, more importantly, a peach palm breeding programme based on the identified genotypes should be the basis for the integrated pest management of palm weevils.
Career concerns and earnings management in government‐owned banks
Authors: Pan Nengqi , Chang Millicent , Pan Xiaofei
Published: July 2023

We examine how government ownership in banks affects earnings management to determine whether competing political or agency interests prevail. Using bank ownership data for 171 Chinese commercial banks from 2006 to 2018, we find more accruals management in government‐owned banks, especially to reduce earnings. This effect is stronger in banks with less influence from controlling shareholders, more concentrated ownership structures, and in more developed provinces. Overall, our results find support for the agency view, where managers in government‐owned banks use accruals management to reduce social and political responsibilities, leading to increases in their promotion prospects.