bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current Program in Anti-tumor Immunotherapy: Targeting PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint
Authors: Gao Xinyuan , Nie Yulan , Yang Yuhao
Published: March 2023

There was extensive ongoing research on immune checkpoint inhibitors for immunotherapy over the past few years. Blocking the immune checkpoint therapy can improve the immune response to tumor cells by inhibiting the binding of PD-1/PD-L1. At present, Programmed Death-1 (PD-1), Programmed Death-Ligand-1 (PD-L1), and CTLA-4 (short for Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated Antigen-4) are the commonest inhibitory checkpoints. They have been extensively studied and discovered to inhibit anti-tumor immune responses in solid tumors and checkpoint pathways. PD-1 is a primary T lymphocyte inhibitor receptor. The highly selective expression of PD-L1 provides a target for tumor immunotherapy. It enables immunoblockade therapy against PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint. Targeted medications are a successful kind of therapy. Immune checkpoint-targeting medications have been effective in treating cancer. In the case of cancer, doctors often activate immune control pathways to suppress new anti-tumor immune responses. Our team thoroughly analyzed the PD-1/PD-L1 immune control pathway involved in cancer immunotherapy in this study. And we make an effort to explain their causes as well as the current therapeutic methods. We also outlined the current role of targeted drugs in the clinical therapeutic management of patients with cancer and reviewed the possible future research directions.
Applications of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the medical fields
Authors: Shi Junhan
Published: March 2023

ICIs are a kind of immunotherapy that works by preventing immune checkpoints from functioning normally, which are essential immune system components. ICIs are currently the most used immunotherapy regimen. Based on the patient's health, the cancer type, the length of the illness, and the dose of inhibitors the patient can tolerate, the therapy can cause side effects of indeterminate duration and varying degrees. However, the therapy remains beneficial for patients. Therefore, the effects of immunotherapy on the human body are still an issue that needs to be explored. An overview of ICIs in immunotherapy will be given in this paper, including the following concepts: (i) General information on treatments with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ii)The immunotherapy’s mechanism and application (iii) Problems and complications with ICI therapies (iv) Ways that the immunotherapy can be improved and the future direction of ICI.
Preventive Assessments and Training for Shoulder Joint Injury
Authors: Xu Xiaqing
Published: March 2023

Shoulder joint injury often affects athletes' performance, training, and daily life, and it costs more money and time to treat, so it is very important to prevent shoulder joint injury. This paper mainly provides assessment and training ideas for preventing shoulder injury to make athletes achieve better results and reduce injuries. Many shoulder joint examinations such as Jobe, Neer, the Hawkins Kennedy, the pain arc, and the Allen tests can simultaneously be used for preventive evaluation. At present, there are few preventive assessments. This paper gives some ideas from the assessment's breadth, content, timing, and modernization perspective. Preventive assessment is mainly to screen out risk factors for high-risk people who do not suffer from shoulder joint disease or those who recover from shoulder joint injury to provide better plans for follow-up daily life and training and improve the quality of life and sports. Preventive evaluation provides a good reference for preventive training. The main purpose of preventive training is to prevent potential upward risks and improve athletes' sports levels. Functional training is mainly aimed at strengthening the weak chain so that the muscle group can reach a more stable and balanced state, so better cooperation with the completing Fascia is easily ignored in ordinary training. Fascia training can better play the function of muscles, increase the proprioception of muscles, and improve the quality of action completion.
Application and Development of Machine Learning Based Brain Computer Interface Technology in Emotion Recognition
Authors: Huang Jiayi
Published: March 2023

Accompanied with advances in brain computer interface (BCI) technology, recognizing emotion through brain and electroencephalography (EEG) signals is becoming more and more popular and accurate. Models and algorithms to interpret brain signals are explored with different results, aiming at more accurately recognizing and in return effectively regulating emotions. In order to comprehend contemporary emotion recognition (ER) theories based on BCI, EEG, and deep learning, and this paper will review several commonly accepted emotion models and the experimental practice using EEG signals to measure various emotions. In the following, approaches to decipher EEG signals, including feature extraction in different domains, electrode selection, classification of emotions, and brain network, will be explained and compared in accuracy. The paper will also discuss future research direction, proposed application, as well as challenges of BCI-based ER. The results of review show a noticeable emergence in novel ER algorithms and increase in reliability and accuracy. This also reflects a higher and more meaningful application in future ER practices, possibly, and in large scale, improving people’s living status, helping them understand themselves, regulating violence in society, and avoiding negative impacts of depression and related emotion pressure.
Application of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in immunotherapy of cancer
Authors: Wang Feiyu
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a disease that developed from uncontrolled cells and has become one of the most medical problems that endanger human health. Currently, immunotherapy has replaced traditional treatment acts as the major therapy for cancer patients. The immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), which is highly specific and affinity to the immune checkpoint that suppress immune response during tumorigenesis, shows promising result during the clinical study and research. PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 are the major targets for ICI development, there already have six FDA-approved inhibitors that target PD-1 and PD-L1 are used as a first-line treatment for many cancers. The clinical study of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitor application in patients with different cancers not only reveals their efficacy and safety but also indicates the onset of many adverse effects, which are usually called immune-related adverse events (irAE) and could be fatal in particular conditions. However, some research suggests the presence of irAE is a marker for effective of ICI therapy. Therefore, this essay will mainly focus on the application of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors and the efficacy of each inhibitor has been testified via multiple clinical research. The common PD-1 and PD-L1 blockade-associated irAEs also have been discussed and their degree of risk is assessed. This essay also discussed the method that is frequently used in the management of irAEs.
The Role of Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) in Treating Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ren Linwei
Published: March 2023

Lung cancer also cause causes most of the cancer death cases around the world. In 2020, 1,796,144 people from all the world were estimated to die because of it. Lung cancer is responsible for one-fourth of all cancer death cases. There are many risk factors for lung cancer, including air pollution and cigarettes. Genes also play an important role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. There are many types of treatment for it nowadays and they are used in different stages or different combinations. Treatment of NSCLC is influenced by the patient's overall health status, tumor stage, and pathological type. However, most of them have lots of side effects, such as bone marrow suppression, liver and kidney damage, etc. Compared to those treatments, immune checkpoint inhibitors less side effects. Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) is one of the inhibitors, which has a good performance in treating the NSCLC. Pembrolizumab inhibits the binding of PD-1 to PD-L1 and has shown good results in many clinical experiments. However, it also has limitations. As a result, this paper will introduce non-small cell lung cancer, Pembrolizumab (Keytruda), and its function in treating this disease.
Brain-Computer Machine-based Rehabilitation Procedure Efficiency For Post-Stroke
Authors: Luo Yangzi
Published: March 2023

Stroke still remains one of the major cause of disability. The post-stroke impact one may experience is multifaceted, from motor, cognitive, and emotional influences, reducing one's quality of life. Past treatments developed in the past had strict requirements, therefore limiting treatment enrollments. Recent research on brain-machine interface-based therapy for post-stroke motor rehabilitation showed promising outcomes. Moreover, these BMIs have been modified to consist of different signal acquisition and device outputs, to be centered around post-stroke cognitive and emotional influences. BMI based system relays on the mechanisims of neuroplasticity, and the the present essay attempted to explore the efficiency of different BMI systems in maximizing neuroplasticities in order to restore motor and cognitive impairements. Moreover, the essay also explored the regulatory efficiency in combating post-stroke related depressive issues. As conclusion, BMI shows promosing results in promoting motor and cognitive rehabilitation, also showing encouraging prospect in mood regulation. However, evidence focusing on the transferability and endurance of these observed effects is still largely lacking.
Deep Learning the Crosstalk between Follicular Helper T cells and Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Du Haoran
Published: March 2023

Damaged beta cells can lead to type 1 diabetes (T1D), which influences people worldwide. Individuals with T1D have higher risk of developing other cardiovascular disease although life-insulin injection is taken. However, the specific reasons which trigger the destruction of beta cells are still not fully understood. Researchers demonstrated the importance of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells in T1D development. Tfh cells refer to a specific subpopulation of CD4+ T cells which normally express an upregulated C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5). The dysregulated Tfh cells can be widely found in T1D individuals, which could be caused by excessive antigen presenting process. Mutation of several gene are also shown to be associated with the abnormal Tfh cells. Furthermore, increasing Tfh cells can secret more interleukin-21 (IL-21) to recruit CD8+ lymphocyte to damage beta cells. Besides, antibodies producing function of B cells could also be enhanced by Tfh cells to accelerate T1D. In this project, the mechanism of Tfh involving in T1D will be explained in detail.
Alzheimer's Target and the Treatment Progression of Classic and New Clinical Drugs
Authors: Chen Hankun , Wang Tingyang
Published: March 2023

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a traditional neurodegeneration disease in the world. In 1906, this disease is first described by German Neuroscientist, Alois Alzheimer, and it is named by this scientist, ‘Alzheimer’. Although 4-5% of patient carry AD at middle age, which is the Early- onset Alzheimer’s Disease. Normally, the average onset age of AD is above 65. The symptom of AD including dementia, loss of memory, cognitive impairment and eventually it will accelerate the death of aged people. There are two pathological factors that cause people have AD’s symptom: Amyloid Plaques and Neurofibrillary Tangles (NFTs). Focus on that, this review will mainly introduce two medicine treatments that target those two factors: The classical cholinergic medicine Donepezil and The Novel Lithium medicine that has been proved to treat AD since 2012. This article will describe the pathology of AD briefly; focus on those two medicines, the functional mechanism, effectiveness to AD and limitation will be described also.
Advances in Comprehensive Treatment of the Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Jiang Weiyue
Published: March 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most popular and deadly disease. In order to deal with Alzheimer’s disease, thousands of researches, studies and experiments have been done to seek out the ways can prevent or even cure the disease. This paper will discuss some initiative and effective methods that deal with Alzheimer’s disease. The Paper is first going to look at the pharmacological treatments which are treatments that involves drugs or chemical substance that are proven by experiments or theoretically proven to be effective to the patients and focus on use of mixing Vitamin E plus memantine, Lecanemab, aducanumab and Epigallocatechin gallate. Secondly, non-pharmacological treatments that includes the treatments without using drugs and chemical substance. Instead, it is going to look at the treatments that train the patient’s physical and mental strength. Physical treatment, cognitive treatment, music treatment and dancing treatment will be discussed in this part. Prevention of Alzheimer’s disease will be briefly gone over. Since correlation between some potential causes and Alzheimer’s disease has long been discovered and talked about, this paper will not extend each of these potential causes in detail, which in resulting in providing data reference for further study of AD.
Limitations in the CAR-T therapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Lin Zhen
Published: March 2023

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) therapy has been the subject of much investigation for many years. CAR-T cell therapy (CAR-T therapy) is now a new treatment for DLBCL. Human T cells are genetically altered to create new CAR-T cells, which are then injected into patients' bodies to kill cancer cells via an immune reaction. This process is known as CAR-T therapy. When treating refractory/relapsing (r/r) DLBCL, CAR-T therapy has showed some fairly thrilling clinical responses in comparison to conventional therapy and has a high cure rate. A few CAR-T treatments for DLBCL have also been authorized and put on the market. CAR-T cell therapy, however, has several drawbacks and difficulties when used to treat DLBCL. Some individuals are resistant to the therapy, leading to unsuccessful treatment, for the immunosuppressive microenvironment (TME) of DLBCL tumors and the phenomena of antigen escape. Additionally, CAR-T cell treatment may have major adverse effects including CRS and ICANS. If these adverse effects are not taken into consideration, people might die. Additionally, CAR-T treatment is quite pricey and common people might not be able to afford it, which will lead to a number of ethical issues. Naturally, scientists are working to provide answers to these problems and have made some success. The fundamentals of CAR-T therapy and its drawbacks for treating DLBCL will be covered in this review (including drug resistance, side effects, ethical and financial issues). Of course, the corresponding solutions, such as developing multiple targeted CARs and inhibiting the activity of certain cytokines, will also be described in this review.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) with PD-1 And PD-L1
Authors: Chen Lei
Published: March 2023

In the immune system, immune checkpoints play an important role in inhibitory regulatory. Molecules are essential for preventing autoimmune responses, maintaining self-tolerance, and minimizing tissue damage by controlling the timing and intensity of the immune response. In the past few years, immunotherapy has made remarkable achievements in the field of tumor treatment, among which programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors / programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors are currently the most clinically used ICIs, becoming a new means of treating tumors, and have significant efficacy in the progression-free and survival period of tumor treatment.PD-1 and PD-L1 are really important in ICI’s develop and drug discovery. In ICI, there are many important checkpoint(e.g. CTLA-4, LAG-3). This review systematically introduces the history and current development of PD-La and PD-1, as well as discusses the applications of ICIs and its potential side effects.
The anti-depression function of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Authors: Chen Xiyue
Published: March 2023

Depression is one of the world's most serious public health issues. What is worse, the number of people suffering from depression is expanding and shows a younger-age trend. The primary treatment for depression is drug therapy. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), as the second generation of novel antidepressants, are highly recognized antidepressant medicines that are widely utilized in clinical practice and have become first-line drugs for the treatment of depression. This article provides a thorough and detailed introduction to SSRIs. It focuses mostly on the etiology of depression, the specific mechanism of SSRIs, the specific application of SSRIs, and properties of distinct SSRI drugs. This article looks at the superiority and significance of SSRI medicines in the treatment of depression. At the same time, the limitations and shortcomings of SSRI drugs were discussed, and the future development of SSRI drugs was envisaged.
Mechanism of Non-Canonical Regulation Pathways of HIF-1α and Their Possible Applications in Cartilage Medical Bioengineering
Authors: Liu Yuanhao
Published: March 2023

A recent focus of research, medical bioengineering aims to advance fundamental ideas, generate knowledge from the molecular to the organ level, and create novel biological products, materials, processing techniques, implants, instruments, and informatics methods for disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, patient rehabilitation, and health enhancement. Cartilage damage has been a clinical troublesome for a long time. Traditional therapies have lots of limitations. Recent studies have found that under the presence of HIF-1, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the tendency to differentiate into chondrocytes. Associated with advanced bioengineering techniques, this finding provides a new aspect of cartilage repairing. This article introduces HIF-1 and HIF-1α as its regulatory subunit, the source and differentiation directions of MSC and relations between it and HIF-1, articular cartilage arthritis and normal arthritis and the mechanism of three non-canonical regulations of HIF-1α while analyze their advantages and existing issues, aiming at provides new and reliable future cartilage repairing.
Nutrient Metabolisms in Cancer and Related Signaling Pathways
Authors: Li Jingyi
Published: March 2023

Metabolic reprogramming is recognized as an essential hallmark in carcinogenesis. By investigating the cancer-specific alterations in metabolism, several common cancer phenotypes, such as accumulated somatic mutations due to gene instability, irregulated nutrient consumption, uncontrolled growth and proliferation, and aberrational mitochondrial activities, becomes the interest of study. In this article, the overall profile of cancer metabolic activities including glucose and glutamine metabolism, macromolecules synthesis, aerobic glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathways, and mitochondrial activity, as well as two important signaling pathways (PI3K/AKT/mTOR and p53) regarding cancer metabolism are discussed. During cancer progression, the proto-oncogenes are amplified, and the tumor suppressor genes are repressed due to gene instability when cancer over-proliferated. The epigenetic changes affecting cellular signaling pathways and then triggering alterations in biosynthesis and bioenergetics to support cancer growth and proliferation with sufficient building blocks and energy. The article aims to give an overview of those cancer-associated metabolisms and show a profile of cancer-related metabolites and mutated enzymes. It also highlights the interconnections between metabolic activities, the interactions between signaling pathways and cancerous metabolism, and oncometabolites and aberrational enzymes that could potentially promote carcinogenesis; hence, become therapeutic targets for treatments.
Development of cell-based vaccines in cancer treatment
Authors: Chen Mengfei
Published: March 2023

Cancer, as a serious global disease, becomes a severe threat to human life. Due to the problems of environmental pollution and life habits, many people die each year from various kinds of cancer, which also includes many young and middle-aged people. Nowadays, cancer has become one of the most concerned public health problems in the world, and the efforts and attempts to actively explore new treatments for cancer have never stopped. The creation of therapeutic cancer vaccines has solid biological and preclinical rationales, however, it has been difficult to translate this treatment approach into the clinical therapies. Immunotherapy has gained widespread attention as an emerging tool for cancer treatment. Among them, cell-based vaccines have achieved ideal outcomes in multiple tumor killings. This review introduces vaccines based on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and dendritic cells (DC), summarizes the related research progress of cell vaccines in cancer treatment and discusses the limitations of cell-based vaccines.
Women in Pregnancy Acceptance of the COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: He Xinru
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 epidemic has caused a large number of deaths worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared vaccination resistance to be one of the major global health dangers even before the COVID-19 pandemic. Women in pregnancy are more susceptible to illness because of the way their bodies change throughout pregnancy, particularly when neo coronavirus variations are prevalent, which might raise the likelihood of an unfavorable pregnancy result. Currently, there is still some dispute about whether pregnant women can be vaccinated. Some think that promoting early, safe, and effective vaccination of women in pregnancy with a novel coronavirus vaccine is the key to successfully building a population immune barrier. Some even advise pregnant women not to get vaccinated. For the pregnant women themselves, vaccine reception is also low, significantly lower than the general rate of vaccination against COVID-19. And vaccine doubts are common. This article specifically analyzes the current situation and causes of vaccine doubt among pregnant women during the pandemic.
The SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: What are the Limits and Promises of Technical Mitigation Instruments Available to Humanity?
Authors: Huang Yu-An
Published: March 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the effectiveness and reliability of technical containment tools. Given the high mobility and frequent transcontinental travel in the modern world, we are in uncharted territory with the catastrophic effects of the COVID -19 pandemic and many more to come. Therefore, prevention, detection, and treatment tools are of utmost importance. These tools include diagnostics, drugs, and vaccines. The inequity caused by these medical tools will be briefly presented, but the main focus of the essay will be on the importance of the promise and limitations of these tools. Public health countermeasures and scientific countermeasures go hand in hand in combating the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. To successfully combat COVID -19 and the next Disease X pandemic, the effectiveness and accuracy of technical tools to contain the virus are critical parameters.
Analysis of the Relationship between Physical Activity and Type-II Diabetes Mellitus in China
Authors: Chen Yiyu
Published: March 2023

For the prevention and treatment of type-II diabetes mellitus, physical exercise is crucial. Exercise has several advantages for controlling blood sugar as a lifestyle intervention technique. But in China, there is still a significant lack of thorough and rigorous research on the connection between exercise and type II diabetes mellitus. By stating the link between physical exercise and type II diabetes as a preventative measure or a treatment, this article seeks to close the gap. The findings suggest a negative association between exercise and type-II diabetes mellitus, with losses in insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance and an improvement in glucose-stimulate uptake and fasting glucose being evident following a period of inactivity. At the conclusion of the article, the fundamental benefits of exercise are no longer ignored. Physical exercise may be one of the main strategies to best control patients' blood glucose levels since it regulates insulin sensitivity, lowers fasting glucose, and increases glucose tolerance.
Roles of Virus-like particles in particularcancer vaccines
Authors: Peng Weixun
Published: March 2023

Cancer is one of the major threats to modern human health and cancer vaccines have been developed during the last few decades for particular cancers. Due to the lack of viral genetic materials and highly specific recognizable antigens, Virus-like particles (VLPs) successfully substituted chemotherapy to have a therapeutic effect to the tumor cells. VLPs employed different platforms ranging form yeasts, bacteriophage, mammalian cells and insect cells to make variants with different functions. Via APC cross-presentations, VLPs can effectively affect plenty of immune cells and thus triggering anti-viral response. In HCC treatment, HBsAg-derived VLPs and MrNV VLPs show therapeutic effects. For skin cancer, CuMBTT VLPs play a major role in treating in preventing B16F10 melanomas. MS2 VLPs have demonstrated great efficiency in treating Xct-related breast cancer while the GPI- anchored form of VLPs have shown efficacy in the HER2-triggered breast cancer.
Judicious Design of Electrode Materials for Highly Efficient Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Fu Kuangyi
Published: March 2023

The global climate change, which is intensifying yearly, makes more countries realize that mankind needs to take effective actions as soon as possible. Eliminating carbon emissions from diesel vehicles has become the research target under the spotlight in recent decades; that is to say, electric vehicles are expected to be accessible and popularized by more people shortly. Batteries are the key component of electric vehicles. However, they are also the major impediment to the development of electric vehicles for their high production costs, safety issues, durability, long charging time and low working efficiency, making them less attractive to consumers than traditional fossil fuel-powered cars. Enhancing the performance of electrodes is the most direct and effective way toward highly efficient lithium-ion batteries. This paper will introduce the mainstream electrode materials commonly used in the lithium-ion battery industry and the possible methods of improving the properties of electrode materials through compositing and nanotechnology.
The Study of the Roles that Intelligent Transportation System Playing in the Development of a Smart City
Authors: Pu Shaoxin , Zhou Jingzhe
Published: March 2023

With the acceleration of urbanization, cities in the future will encounter various kinds of problems such as providing adequate living space, water and transportation. To address these issues which cities may face in the future, the concepts of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and Smart City come into being. Since both two areas aim to address possible urban issues in the future, it’s essential to study the relationship between ITS and Smart city. In this article, researchers will initially introduce serval reasons to conduct the study. Later, in the main body part, 3 possible roles are presented to illustrate the possible relationship between ITS and Smart City through reviewing other researchers’ articles. Finally, this article will give serval evaluations and suggestions about those 3 roles above. The whole article aims to state that ITS is an essential part in the future development of smart city, though it is not mature now and may encounter many problems in the process of development.
Research on collision avoidance method based on millimeter wave radar
Authors: Yuan Cheng , Chen Xin
Published: March 2023

In view of the current production environment in the mining area during the transportation of the minecart, the minecart driver's obstruction of vision and dim light during the driving process, which is easy to cause the minecart to collide and rear-end the collision. Various accidents such as injuries occur. Therefore, in order to improve the safety of mining area operation, it is necessary to apply the target detection technology of the rail travel area to the train to further realize unmanned driving. Millimeter wave radar has a series of advantages such as small size, light weight, narrow beam, high spatial resolution, strong anti-interference ability, etc., which can be applied in bad weather and harsh mining area production environment, and can achieve uninterrupted 24-hour work
Residents' Choice of Transportation Mode Based on Multiple Logit Model
Authors: Hao Yina
Published: March 2023

In recent years, with the promotion of urbanization, China's urban structure has become larger and larger, and most cities have only one urban center. Commercial and residential areas are mainly concentrated in the city center, with high population density, which leads to great traffic pressure. Therefore, the factors affecting the residents' travel mode can be analyzed. The multiple logit model based on the random utility theory is used to analyze the travel mode of residents, and then the suggestions to improve the urban transportation facilities and land use mode are put forward, which is helpful to solve some urban congestion problems and reduce the urban traffic pressure. This paper takes Hangzhou, which is located in Zhejiang Province in East part of China as an example to analyze the travel mode of residents. Based on the investigation of local residents' choice of travel mode, three general travel modes, namely private cars, public transportation and non-motor vehicles, were selected as logarithmic model parameters for coefficient calibration, and the influence of gender, age, travel purpose, income and other factors on the choice of travel mode were analyzed. The study found that men are more likely to use private cars. The higher the monthly income, the higher the probability of private car travel. If the public transportation is more convenient in the place of departure and destination, the probability of choosing public transportation is also higher.
Optimization of Intersection in Construction at Low Cost- A Case Study of the Intersection of Youyi Road and Luojiagang Road
Authors: Qin Mengyuan
Published: March 2023

Intersections in construction are common in China when roads in plenty of Chinese cities are under reconstruction and expansion in a large scale. As intersections are traffic hub where big traffic flows passing by, smoothness and efficiency are ought to be guaranteed in order to reduce effect caused by construction. However, plans at lower cost and more effective are appreciated because reconstructing an intersection is costly. The research analysis the current situation and raise a complete optimize plan for the crossing of Youyi Road and Luojiagang Road in order to proof there is possibility to optimize an intersection at lower cost. The research raises a feasible optimize plan for a crossing. It is feasible to cheaply optimize a crossing which still allows vehicles running while under construction.
Operation and Planning of Hangzhou Subway Lines--Route Planning Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Gu Hongzhou , Ren Zehong
Published: March 2023

Through the analysis of all the bus lines in Hangzhou, combined with the subway stations and subway passenger flow, this paper mainly studies how to plan suitable subway lines in Hangzhou to increase the convenience of urban residents to transfer to the bus after the subway arrives at the station. We first analyze the bus station data, select some bus stations with the most routes among thousands of pieces of data, and arrange them in descending order to establish an analytic hierarchy process model. We set the measurement indicators with different weights of planning the subway station by traffic function characteristics, network coordination, economic benefits, construction difficulty and sustainable development, and use MATLAB to take the top 30 bus stations with the most lines as input to solve the design that best meets the indicators. Then we use the perspective of topological graph analysis to plan two subway lines and compare with the current Hangzhou subway network. Finally, we analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the developed model, and optimize and promote the model.
Sales Prediction Based on ARIMA Time Series and Multifactorial Linear Model
Authors: Zhang Ziru
Published: March 2023

Contemporarily, sales forecasting based on historical data is one of the key topics of research. Researchers have found that different analytical forecasting models can predict the future sales volume to a certain extent based on different actual conditions. However, it is also very important to compare the prediction results of these models, and a reasonable choice of models can help managers to make more scientific decisions. Therefore, in this paper, the historical sales data of a store on the Kaggle is utilized to make predictions based on different models, and investigate the impact of linear regression model and time series model on sales prediction. In this paper, multiple factorial linear regression model and ARIMA model in time series analysis will be adopted based on R to build prediction models to forecast sales volume, respectively. According to the analysis, the root mean square error of the prediction results under the multiple factorial linear regression model and the ARIMA model were 21.135 and 23.221, respectively. The study surface that there were differences in the degree of fit of the prediction results by different pairs of models. Therefore, the choice of the researcher needs to select the appropriate model for prediction according to the specific object of analysis, combined with the data characteristics to achieve the expected results. These results shed on guiding further exploration of differences in predictions from different models.
Naive Bayesian Spam Filtering
Authors: Zhu Yuhao
Published: March 2023

The spam filtering system is used to identify which emails in the received emails are completely meaningless to the recipient and perform operations such as interception and deletion. Nowadays, with the rapid development of the Internet, while e-mail provides convenience for people, spam also comes along with it, which brings many troubles to users. According to statistics, 80% of the emails in the world are spam, and e-spam is really annoying. Therefore, how to solve the problem of filtering emails has important practical significance. Spam filtering using Bayesian theory is a statistical technique applied to email filtering. It essentially uses Bayesian classification to discriminate the attributes of emails, including spam and non-spam. Bayesian-based spam filtering is a very effective technique that can modify the model to meet the needs of specific users and give a lower spam detection rate that is acceptable to users. In this experiment, we use Naive Bayes for experiments, and we use Unigram and bigram methods to preprocess the data, respectively. Finally, it is concluded that the data processing accuracy of unigram and bigram is greater than 0.75, and bigram performs better in four different evaluation indicators.
Email Spam Filtering Methods: Comparison and Analysis
Authors: Deng Jun
Published: March 2023

Email is a common way of communication due to its cheap cost, efficacy, and efficiency. With the emerging of deep learning and machine learning methods, spam filter classification achieves boosting performance with fast inference speed. However, individuals and email servers are affected by spam, which causes issues with wasted time and computer storage space, as well as adverse effects on bandwidth. Even worse, email users are susceptible to scams and fraud that may result in financial loss. Therefore, it is essential to discover an efficient approach to filter spam from the entire number of emails. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and contrast the five most popular machine learning based spam filtering techniques, including Naive Bayes, Supported Vector Machine K-Nearest Neighbor, and XGBoost. We evaluate them based on their performance and efficacy. We hope this paper will help to conclude the current condition and help the researchers to improve better algorithms with higher accuracy.
Comparisons of Detection Paradigm of Planet: Transit and Radial Velocity
Authors: Fang Wenlong
Published: March 2023

The transit and radial velocity method are two most widely used approach in exoplanet detection. This paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of two methods based on the characteristics of planets they found and different calculation results. Different distribution of parameters brings the preference for two methods. In detail, the radial velocity method discovered more gigantic planets while still have most planets with smaller size like that of the transit method. The minimum and maximum of orbital period are all relatively lower for transit method. Significant difference in the composition of planets found by two method occurs when combining mass and radius to compare density distribution. More Super-Earth planets seem to appear in transit data compared to radial velocity method in the same radius range. These patterns are closely related to the characteristics of observation condition. The various data processing method also affects the resulting parameters. This paper attempts to reach the calculation for transit and radial velocity method with basic fitting models, which will be compared with calculations of the same planets from previous researches. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of planet detections.
Application of the Residue Theorem to Euler Integral, Gaussian Integral, and Beyond
Authors: Shao Zijia , Wang Shuohao , Yu Hetian
Published: March 2023

The paper is divided into three different parts, which use the residue theorem to solve several different integrals, namely, the Euler integral, the Gaussian integral, the Fresnel integral, and so forth. The process of using the resiude theorem to determine these integrals is to first turn the integrals into convenient forms of complex integrals, and then find integral perimeters so that any integral on one of the curves is the required integral, through the drawing observation of the contour to write the original integral into the form of multiple integral. By studying the resiude theorem to solve the problem of complex integrals, it is demonstrated that the resiude theorem is actually a process that makes the calculation easier. These solved integrals have a wide range of applications including the study of the refraction of light, analytics, probability theory, combinatorial mathematics, and unification of the continuous Fourier transform.
Comparison of Different Detection Approaches of Black Hole
Authors: Lin Runcheng
Published: March 2023

The black hole has been investigated by the scholars for many years since the proposal of the concepts. Contemporarily, with the help of the state-of-art detection facilities, plausible observation results with more detail and diagnostic information have been achieved. This study investigates the two widely utilized detection methods and demonstrates a comprehensive conclusion about the method that researchers used to detect or discover the black hole. To be specific, this study mainly focuses on how the gravitational lens and gravitational wave method used to investigate the black hole, and it compares the cons and pros of the two specific method. In addition, the current limitations regarding to the nowadays detection scenarios have been discussed and the future prospects for the improvements have been clarified accordingly. This research can give people a fundamental understanding about the technique that used to discover the black hole. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of black holes as well as the proposals of the detection paradigms with better performance.
The Usage Mode of Beijing Subway System
Authors: Ye Runchen , Huang Tianrui
Published: March 2023

With the rapid development of engineering in China, the subway network in Beijing has become more and more dense. Studying the pattern of passengers using subway is not only helpful to the travel planning of ordinary citizens, but also of great significance in the future management and planning of the subway system. Previous studies on Beijing metro only focused on individual lines, but this paper analyzes the overall trend of passengers' use of Beijing subway system based on the data of passengers' swipe card using data visualization and linear regression model. This study found that most passengers spend less than 40 minutes on a single subway trip. Peak times for subway use are from 7 a.m. to 9 a.m. and from 5 p.m. to 7 p.m. Passenger’s travel time is larger on lines operate in suburban areas with longer distance between each station, shorter on lines with short travel distance, and varied on lines runs in urban area. Whether the subway line the passenger takes passes through the central area; whether the passenger transfers; the total number of stations taken by passengers, these three variables are all positively correlated with the travel time of passengers, among which the transfer variable has the most significant relationship.
Economic benefit, challenges, and perspectives for the application of Autonomous technology in self-driving vehicles
Authors: Xiao Runzhuo
Published: March 2023

With the development and innovation of state-of-art autonomous driving technology, the feasibility of autonomous technology application in self-driving vehicles has become a social interest. Despite the several energy and economic advantages brought by autonomous driving, the safety, technic, and ethical issues are still of concern. Thus, this paper has carefully evaluated the feasibility of self-driving applications regarding the above aspects. Suggestions are also provided accordingly for further technology evolution. The results show that autonomous driving has greater benefits, but there is still room to fill in the legal and technical aspects. The benefits mainly include freeing up drivers and greater road capacity. In addition, smoother roads reduce motor vehicle emissions, allowing the environment to be protected. It also makes it safer for people to travel without the subjective emotional factors of drivers causing traffic accidents. Finally, further advanced automotive chip and sensors research is necessary to replace manual driving fully.
Comparison of the practicality of organic solar cells of different materials
Authors: Wei Bo , Xu Ze
Published: March 2023

In today's world of rapid technological development, huge resource consumption and environmental protection are becoming major issues for human survival. It is generally believed that mankind needs more efficient and environmentally friendly ways of generating energy. Among the many ways to generate electricity, solar power is a very environmentally friendly and resourceful way to generate electricity as by converting a very small amount of solar energy received on earth into electrical energy, we can obtain a considerable amount of electric energy. Among the many materials used to produce solar cells, organic materials are the most popular research subject because of their low price, abundance, and bendability. Among the many materials used in solar cells, organic materials have received attentions because of their low price, abundance and excellent properties such as bendability, non-toxicity, and degradability. As one of the most popular power generation methods, numerous scientists have tried to commercialize it, but there are still some problems that prevent them from doing so, such as the lack of stability of organic materials. This article will collect information on various organic solar cell materials and compare them, trying to find the one with the most commercial potential or feasibility.
Comparisons of Conventional Computing and Quantum Computing Approaches
Authors: Liu Qiyu
Published: March 2023

Quantum computers are capable of ultra fast computation in the fields where classical computers fail. Even though quantum computers are nowhere near commercialization, many researchers have developed quantum algorithms in fields such as modern encryption and molecular simulation, which, in theory, are exponentially faster than their classical counterparts. In this case, this paper will discuss the advantages of quantum computers over classical computers in those fields by examining and analyzing the various quantum algorithms. To be specific, the develop routine as well as detail examples will be exhibited to illustrate the differences and preferences. In addition, this study will also fully aware of the challenges that quantum computing researchers are facing. On this basis, possible limitations of quantum computers are also presented. The aim is to promote interest in quantum computing by introducing their supremacy in modern encryption and biological science. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of quantum computing algorithms.
Fourier Transform in Three Differences Spaces
Authors: Zhang Tianhao
Published: March 2023

This paper starts by introducing the application of the Fourier analysis and divides the Fourier analysis into four cases according to the difference between physical space and frequency space: discrete points on a circle  discrete points on a circle, , , and . The four cases are then grouped into three parts: the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), the Fourier series, and the Fourier transform. For each part, this paper discusses its characteristics and basic theory, and selectively deals with the proof and application examples. This paper will promote some research related to Fourier analysis by analyzing Fourier analysis in three different spaces as a whole.
The Introductory Analysis on Fourier Series
Authors: Hu Yuchen
Published: March 2023

Numerical analysis benefits from spectral methods. The Fourier series and Chebyshev polynomials were initially used to solve ordinary differential equations by Cornelius Lanczos. For the first time, spectral approaches were employed by Kreiss, Oliger, Orszag, and other scholars in the 1970s to resolve the partial differential equations of fluid mechanics. In Fourier analysis, general functions are expressed as the sums of a variety of fundamental function options, such as sines and cosines.This paper gives an introductory analysis on Fourier Series. Starting with the basic definition of Fourier coefficients and Fourier Series, the paper introduces the concept and properties of convolution. It also talks about different kernels and good kernel family, analyzing the relationship between these kernels and the original function. Then the paper will combine these ideas and prove the uniqueness and convergence of Fourier Series.
Application and Analysis of The Residue Theorem
Authors: Ren Zihe
Published: March 2023

This paper studies the derivation of the residue theorem and its application. The residue theorem is an important part of the theory of complex functions and plays a critical role in the development and application of complex functions. At the same time, the residue theorem advances the method of solving the value of definite integrals to a new stage. The issue of the Cauchy residue theorem has received considerable attention. Also, residue theorem lays the foundation for the development of integral theory, and it has been widely used in many scientific areas. The goal of this study is to investigate the properties and applications of the residue theorem. To this end, the strategies to deduce the residue theorem are summarized. Then this paper uses several examples that relate to the residue theorem to help people understand the residue theorem more deeply. The integrals under consideration include trigonometric integrals and integrals involving power functions.