bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saberes ausentes da “Cidade Letrada”. Por um Iluminismo mestiço
Authors: Mendes Rogerio
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo sugere empreender argumentos sobre a importância dos saberes afrodescendentes e indígenas, no processo de formação das sociedades e letramentos latino-americanos, desde a compreensão do conceito de “cidade letrada”. A partir de apontamentos de marcos históricos e literários, o artigo apresenta possíveis razões que inviabilizam cosmogonias, cosmovisões e epistemologias que compõem o mosaico cultural multiconstitutivo latino-americano e comprometem uma perspectiva crítica literária ampla, atual e democrática. Ao valorizar as contribuições orgânicas da diversidade cultural e enfatizar a perspectiva de suas vozes sem mediações, acredita-se contribuir para visibilizar a importância de referências críticas que representem as marcas históricas e antropológicas da região e como repercutiram em sua Literatura. Espera-se, com isso, reiterar a necessidade de novas sensibilidades e epistemologias críticas para compreender, de maneira responsável, a demanda de projetos críticos e criativos que relevam e valorizam referências heterogêneas e ancestrais como base e criticidade.
La redefinición del sujeto como proyecto de la poesía surrealista bretoniana
Authors: Ariza Alfonso María del Mar
Published: August 2021

La poesía surrealista se inscribe en un proyecto de redefinición del sujeto y llega a concebirse como un medio para liberarse del control moral y racional que coarta la expresión individual. El presente artículo reflexiona sobre el programa surrealista de André Breton y sostiene que, aunque el autor haya abogado insistentemente por la necesidad de revalorar la experiencia subjetiva, su ambición desbordaba el campo del yo y se orientaba hacia una transformación social a gran escala. Para tal fin, se revisan las exploraciones poéticas asumidas por el autor con miras a lograr la liberación del sujeto. Cuatro temas componen esta revisión: la irracionalidad como manifestación legítima del individuo; la adopción de la estética de la emoción; la posterior concretización de esta última en el mecanismo sublimatorio; y la confluencia de las anteriores en la consolidación de una poética surrealista opositora a las imposiciones restrictivas de la actividad yoica.
De La caridad al Almacén de los niños: representaciones heroicas y míticas en las publicaciones periódicas colombianas para niños en el siglo XIX
Authors: Sepúlveda Montenegro Eliana Lucía
Published: August 2021

La prensa colombiana decimonónica y literaria para niños tiene especial desarrollo a partir de 1870. Años antes, los periódicos El mosaico, Biblioteca de señoritas, y luego la página para niños de La mujer, allanaron el camino mediante la publicación de textos para niños. En este artículo se abordarán dos temas: una discusión frente al concepto de literatura para niños —a la luz del concepto de infancia—; y una descripción de los tipos de héroe protagonistas de la prensa decimonónica para niños, específicamente el modelo de libertador y de la Virgen María como héroes míticos. En el corazón de estos temas se encuentra la importancia de la producción editorial que hace parte de la literatura infantil y la necesidad de incluir las publicaciones periódicas para niños en la investigación histórica e historiográfica. En este sentido, este artículo es parte de la investigación frente a la literatura infantil decimonónica en Colombia, aún, en su mayoría, inexplorada.
Creep model to determine rut development by autonomous truck axles on pavement
Authors: Fahad Mohammad , Nagy Richard , Fuleki Peter
Published: August 2021

Impacts of autonomous truck’s passes on pavement have been analyzed in this research. Two types of lateral positioning namely zero wander and uniform wander along with a super single wide tire and a dual tire have been analyzed with variable traffic speeds in ABQUS. The study concludes with the results in favor of usage of a super single wide tire under a uniform wander mode. The highest amount of pavement damage in terms of maximum rut depth is caused by the dual wheel assembly moving under a zero-wander mode. The magnitude of rut depth increases by a factor of two when a dual tire assembly is used instead of a wide tire assembly. At a uniform wander mode, rut depth increases by 0.2 mm for every 10 km/h decrease in traffic speed within 90 km/h to 70 km/h range.
Revealing momentum-dependent electron–phonon and phonon–phonon coupling in complex materials with ultrafast electron diffuse scattering
Authors: Dürr Hermann A. , Ernstorfer Ralph , Siwick Bradley J.
Published: August 2021

Despite their fundamental role in determining many important properties of materials, detailed momentum-dependent information on the strength of electron–phonon and phonon–phonon coupling across the entire Brillouin zone has remained elusive. Ultrafast electron diffuse scattering (UEDS) is a recently developed technique that is making a significant contribution to these questions. Here, we describe both the UEDS methodology and the information content of ultrafast, photoinduced changes in phonon-diffuse scattering from single-crystal materials. We present results obtained from Ni, WSe2, and TiSe2, materials that are characterized by a complex interplay between electronic (charge, spin) and lattice degrees of freedom. We demonstrate the power of this technique by unraveling carrier–phonon and phonon–phonon interactions in both momentum and time and following nonequilibrium phonon dynamics in detail on ultrafast time scales. By combining ab initio calculations with ultrafast diffuse electron scattering, insights into electronic and magnetic dynamics that impact UEDS indirectly can also be obtained.

Graphic Abstract
An edge-based smoothed finite element for buckling analysis of functionally graded material variable-thickness plates
Authors: Thanh Tran Trung , Ke Tran Van , Hoa Pham Quoc , Van Tran The , Trung Nguyen Thoi
Published: August 2021

The paper aims to extend the ES-MITC3 element, which is an integration of the edge-based smoothed finite element method (ES-FEM) with the mixed interpolation of tensorial components technique for the three-node triangular element (MITC3 element), for the buckling analysis of the FGM variable-thickness plates subjected to mechanical loads. The proposed ES-MITC3 element is performed to eliminate the shear locking phenomenon and to enhance the accuracy of the existing MITC3 element. In the ES-MITC3 element, the stiffness matrices are obtained by using the strain smoothing technique over the smoothing domains formed by two adjacent MITC3 triangular elements sharing the same edge. The numerical results demonstrated that the proposed method is reliable and more accurate than some other published solutions in the literature. The influences of some geometric parameters, material properties on the stability of FGM variable-thickness plates are examined in detail.
General Plan of Volgograd: A Territorial Analysis of Current Trends in the Economic Development of the City
Authors:   City Information Center, Zarbaliyeva Nijabat
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the master plan for the development of Volgograd, which defines the main directions of urban development of the city, developed a comprehensive urban zoning of the territory. According to the socio-economic and territorial prerequisites for the reconstruction of the city, a program of priority townplanning measures has been established. The main goal of the urban development of the city is to preserve and increase the architectural, spatial, historical, cultural and landscape identity of the city, creating for the population and future generations favorable for life, a safe and diverse urban environment. The General plan is made to implement the functions of Volgograd both a center of region and considering the close relationships with the cities and settlements within the zone of its direct influence. It is the basis for the development and implementation of long-term and priority programs for the development of urban infrastructure, conservation and development of natural areas, reconstruction of residential and industrial areas, development of public, business and cultural centers, tourism and recreation facilities, integrated landscaping, urban planning projects. The location in the most attractive Volga strip a severe large industrial enterprises, complicating the environmental situation, is a serious obstacle to the harmonious development of Volgograd. The gradual liberation of the Volga riverbank from production functions and their replacement by public-residential and recreational ones is one of the most urgent modern tasks of Volgograd. For such a long city as Volgograd, the development of transport infrastructure is vital. It is the good connectivity of all areas is considered the basis of urban sustainability and the integrity of the urban organism. In the General plan, the development of transport infrastructure is considered from the position of both external and internal transport. the Master plan is focused on the maximum possible disclosure of the existing potential of the Volgograd transport hub, strengthening its role as one of the largest hubs of Federal importance. There are many measures aimed at the development of external transport links. Much attention is paid to the development of inbound tourism. The main objective of the policy in the field of tourism is to create a modern highly efficient and competitive tourist product on the territory of Volgograd.
NOSSA CASA ESTÁ CAINDO... E AGORA, VANESSA? CAPITALISMO, DECOLONIALIDADE E FUTUROS RE-IMAGINADOS
Authors: Andreotti Vanessa de Oliveira , Silva Jhuliane Evelyn da , Jordão Clarissa Menezes
Published: August 2021

RESUMO Fruto de diálogos estabelecidos ao longo de algum tempo, a presente entrevista intenta contribuir para ampliar os horizontes da pesquisa em Linguística Aplicada no Brasil e das pesquisas fundamentadas em quadros de referência críticos e decoloniais, que colocam em xeque a modernidade/colonialidade, bem como noções de progresso, desenvolvimento, verdade, certeza e educação fundadas na separabilidade que privilegia o ser humano em relação a todos os outros seres. É nessa tônica que a professora Vanessa de Oliveira Andreotti, titular da Cátedra de Pesquisa Canadense em questões relacionadas à raça, globalização, desigualdades e transformações sociais na educação, nos convida a dar um passo atrás: não para enxergar o “verdadeiro” cenário e analisar as consequências da globalização, mas para tentarmos entender os padrões históricos e sistêmicos de reprodução dessas desigualdades e assim vislumbrar ou mesmo criar possibilidades outras de coexistência no planeta. O escopo da entrevista, neste sentido, insere a Linguística Aplicada num universo amplo que inclui nossas bases ontoepistemológicas na percepção do que seja construir conhecimento e fazer ciência num processo de ampliação de possibilidades de leitura de si, do outro e do mundo.
A LINGUAGEM E A DIMENSÃO DO CORPO NA SÍNDROME CONGÊNITA DO ZIKA VÍRUS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Pimentel Carla Santos , Catrini Melissa , Arantes Lúcia
Published: August 2021

RESUMO Após o surto relacionado ao vírus Zika (ZIKV) no Brasil, entre os anos de 2015 e 2016, gestantes que haviam sido infectadas tiveram bebês com sequelas neurológicas importantes. Na época, foram relatados diversos casos de microcefalia associada a outras desordens neurológicas. Esse episódio se configurou como emergência em saúde pública de caráter mundial e diferentes estudos foram (e têm sido) realizados para acompanhar os bebês que haviam sido expostos a infecção congênita relacionada ao ZIKV. Essas crianças apresentam alterações neurológicas específicas, as quais são descritas na literatura como: microcefalia, desproporções craniofaciais, espasticidade, convulsões, irritabilidade, artrogripose, disfunções de tronco cerebral - disfagia e anormalidades oculares -, alterações auditivas, calcificações cerebrais, desordens corticais e ventriculomegalia. (ARAÚJO, et. al., 2016; FRANÇA, et. al., 2016; MIRANDA, et. al.,2016; MOORE, et. al.,2017) Visto o número reduzido de estudos dedicados a linguagem nesse cenário, o objetivo da pesquisa é refletir sobre a linguagem e a dimensão do corpo em crianças com lesões neurológicas associadas a Síndrome Congênita do Zika Vírus (SCZV). A discussão tomou como referência o momento em que essas crianças começam a frequentar o espaço escolar. Assim, a partir do recorte metodológico de estudo de caso e da observação participante, foram realizadas filmagens de situações dialógicas, ocorridas no ambiente escolar, entre uma criança diagnosticada com a SCZV e seus colegas, professores, a Auxiliar de Desenvolvimento Infantil e uma pesquisadora. Como resultado, evidenciamos a presença de um corpo que, mesmo submetido às limitações impostas pela lesão orgânica, fazia presença no diálogo pedindo por interpretação. A técnica da observação participante possibilitou que essa presença pudesse ser reconhecida no espaço escolar, o que nos mostra a maneira pela qual o encontro interprofissional pode produzir deslocamentos que levem um profissional da educação a ocupar uma posição que dê condições para mudanças serem operadas na relação da criança com a linguagem e com o grupo.
CRÍTICO “PERO NO MUCHO”: PROBLEMATIZANDO A ABORDAGEM DE QUESTÕES IDENTITÁRIAS EM UMA UNIDADE DE UM LIVRO DIDÁTICO DE INGLÊS PARA O ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Costa Patrícia Helena da Silva , Rodrigues Raquel de Almeida
Published: August 2021

RESUMO Neste estudo problematizamos a visão de criticidade em um livro didático de inglês para o primeiro ano do Ensino Médio, pertencente a uma coleção aprovada pelo Programa Nacional do Livro e Material Didático 2018 (PNLD) e apontamos formas de preencher lacunas em tal material através de sugestões para uma formação de professores realmente crítica e antirracista. Alinhadas a uma abordagem pedagógica de letramento queer (LIN, 2014) e de letramento crítico racial (FERREIRA, 2015a; 2015b), defendemos a posição de que uma prática problematizadora (PENNYCOOK, 2004) antirracista deva estar presente na formação dos professores de língua, além de manuais e orientações elaborados para os docentes de inglês. Neste sentido, a perspectiva de “crítico” por nós adotada procura motivar o questionamento e estranhamento (LIN, 2014) dos discursos naturalizados, levando-se em consideração questões de acesso, poder, diferença, desigualdade e resistência (PENNYCOOK, 2004). Analisamos a primeira unidade do livro, intitulada “Who am I?” e voltada para aspectos referentes à identidade, e a fundamentação teórica do material didático, juntamente com as orientações dadas aos/às professores(as) para a abordagem das atividades de tal unidade. As considerações que fazemos ao final da análise apontam para a necessidade de uma formação docente que possa complementar o material e, dessa forma, ir além das sugestões das autoras para, de fato, promover práticas pedagógicas antirracistas problematizadoras, através da reflexão sobre questões identitárias de caráter interseccional e decolonial, pois neste caso, e possivelmente em outros, as orientações elaboradas para os docentes no material didático não problematizam tais aspectos, sinalizando a ausência de questionamentos que levem à uma agenda transformadora.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE CARE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS FOR EXTERNAL CAUSES IN EMERGENCY SERVICE
Authors: Gross Vanessa , Algayer Luísa Pradié , Souza Neila Santini de , Jantsch Leonardo Bigolin
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Objective to analyze the characteristics of children and adolescents treated for external causes in an emergency service. Method this is a retrospective, analytical study, developed in the emergency department of a sentinel hospital in southern Brazil. Seventy-nine children and adolescents, victims of external causes, participated in June to December 2018. Data were collected through access to medical records in May 2019. Descriptive analysis, frequency comparison and Odds Ratio were used to measure the association between the variables studied. Confidence Interval (CI) of 95% and P value of 5% were used. Results approximately 9.3% of pediatric emergency and emergency care were due to external causes; of these, 57% of the victims are under 12 years old and most of them are male (67%). Accidents are the most frequent events (71%), but violence is more frequent (61%) among women (p=0.002). The chance of violence is four times higher in women, especially self-inflicted violence/suicide attempts. Conclusion one out of ten pediatric emergency care is due to external causes, and emerging situations of violence and self-inflicted injuries stand out, a direct implication for public policies.
How to develop more resilient hospitals through agent-based modelling
Authors: Tang Kangkang , Chen Bing
Published: August 2021

Fully functioning hospitals are the backbone of society. The current design of hospitals in the UK and elsewhere tends to over-emphasise empirical knowledge and experimental research, but limits their ability to cope with new infectious diseases and increasing global connectedness. For example, around one-fifth of UK Covid-19 cases, including the majority of infected hospital healthcare workers, were infected in hospitals. This paper discusses a new agent-based modelling approach to developing more flexible and efficient hospital layouts that are better able to control the spread of infectious disease.
Kebutuhan Energi Untuk Pengolahan Bauksit di Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Liun Edwaren , Nurlaila Nurlaila
Published: August 2021

KEBUTUHAN ENERGI UNTUK PENGOLAHAN BAUKSIT DI KALIMANTAN BARAT. Mineral bauksit yang terkandung di tanah Kalimantan Barat mempunyai potesi ekonomi jika diolah menjadi bahan baku (alumina) atau menjadi aluminium sehingga mempunyai nilai tambah yang tinggi. Pengolahan bauksit hingga grade aluminium meliputi tahap transformasi kimia antara lain pencucian, peleburan dan elektrolisis. Untuk pengolahan bauksit dilakukan dengan membangun smelter  untuk mengolah bijih (bauksit) hingga menjadi bahan baku industri aluminium berupa alumina. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan energi berupa panas dan listrik pada pabrik alumina. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah penelusuran pustaka dan analisis benchmarking dengan melakukan perhitungan pada setiap langkah proses yang melibatkan data dan formula terkait. Perhitungan mencakup kuantitas energi panas, energi listrik dan aspek yang terkait dengan sumber energi yang dibutuhkan seperti batubara, energi nuklir dan energi lainnya bagi pembangkit listrik di masa mendatang untuk mendukung industri ini. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa kebutuhan energi setara untuk grade alumina adalah pada kisar 611 ribu ton batubara untuk menghasilkan satu juta ton alumina. Pengolahan dari alumina menjadi satu juta ton aluminium per tahun membutuhkan ketersediaan pembangkit listrik sebesar 2 ribu MW. Besarnya kebutuhan energi listrik untuk mencapai grade aluminium membutuhkan pembangkit berskala besar yang kemungkinannya akan terpenuhi oleh PLTN berskala besar karena wilayah ini mengandung kekayaan uranium sedangkan batubara dan sumber energi fosil lainnya tidak tersedia secara memadai.
UC2 - Automated Immunostaining Protocol using the Opentrons OT2 and UC2 High-throughput microscope - V1 v1
Authors: Diederich Benedict
Published: August 2021

This protocol gives a rough overview how the immunostaining protocol has to be carried out in order to replicate that in other laboratories. The abstract from Biorxiv reads as https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.24.449732v1 The number of samples in biological experiments are continuously increasing, but complex protocols and human experimentation in many cases lead to suboptimal data quality and hence difficulties in reproducing scientific findings. Laboratory automation can alleviate many of these problems by precisely reproducing machine-readable protocols. These instruments generally require high up-front investments and due to lack of open APIs they are notoriously difficult for scientists to customize and control outside of the vendor-supplied software. Here, we demonstrate automated, high-throughput experiments for interdisciplinary research in life science that can be replicated on a modest budget, using open tools to ensure reproducibility by combining the tools Openflexure, Opentrons, ImJoy and UC2. Our automated sample preparation and imaging pipeline can easily be replicated and established in many laboratories as well as in educational contexts through easy-to-understand algorithms and easy-to-build microscopes. Additionally, the creation of feedback loops, with later pipetting or imaging steps depending on analysis of previously acquired images, enables the realization of smart microscopy experiments, featuring completely autonomously performed experiments. All documents and source-files are publicly available (https://beniroquai.github.io/Hi2) to prove the concept of smart lab automation using inexpensive, open tools. We believe this democratizes access to the power and repeatability of automated experiments.
CTAB chloroform DNA extraction from ethanol-preserved filters v2
Authors: L. Chaput Dominique
Published: August 2021

This protocol extracts high molecular weight genomic DNA from filters used to sample microbes from aquatic environments. It was developed for polycarbonate filters stored at ambient temperature in 100% ethanol, but works well on a wide variety of difficult environmental samples, including soils and sediments, as well as on animal, plant and insect tissues. If an alternative sample preservation method was used that also protects RNA (e.g. flash-freezing in liquid nitrogen followed by storage at -80degC), then this protocol can co-extract RNA. In tests, this protocol resulted in higher yields and better integrity of genomic DNA compared with commercial extraction kits, at a fraction of the cost. The DNA extract obtained at the end is usually suitable for direct use in PCR, but for sensitive downstream applications (e.g. direct whole genome/metagenome sequencing) and for especially tricky sample types that contain high levels of potential inhibitors (e.g. humics, metals), an additional clean-up step with a commercial kit is recommended. The protocol was based on a precipitation and re-suspension method adapted from Bramwell et al. (1995), with some of the modifications recommended by Lever et al. (2015). When citing, please also include these publications. Bramwell, P.A., Barallon, R.V., Rogers, H.J., and Bailey, M.J. (1995) Extraction and PCR amplification of DNA from the rhizoplane, in Akkermans, A.D.L., Elsas, J.D.v. and Bruijn, F.J.d (eds.), Molecular Microbial Ecology Manual, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Lever, M.A, Torti, A., Eickenbusch, P., Michaud, A.B., Santl-Temkiv, T. and Jorgensen, B.B. (2015) A modular method for the extraction of DNA and RNA, and the separation of DNA pools from diverse environmental sample types. Frontiers in Microbiology 6: 476.
Kronik İdiyopatik Ürtikerde Vitamin D Düzeyi
Authors: NAZİK Hülya , MÜLAYİM Kamil , ÖZTÜRK Perihan , KUŞ Mine
Published: August 2021

Amaç: Kronik idiyopatik ürtiker kaşıntılı papül ve plaklar ile karakterize olup yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkileyen fakat etiyolojisi tam olarak bilinmeyen bir hastalıktır. D vitamininin mast hücrelerinin çoğalması, hayatta kalması, farklılaşması ve işlevi üzerine etkileri gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmada kronik idiyopatik ürtiker ile D vitamini düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve yöntemler: Çalışmaya Aralık 2017 Şubat 2018 tarihleri arasında, 18 yaşından büyük, kronik idiyopatik ürtikerli 34 hasta ile 33 sağlıklı kontrol dahil edildi. Hastaların yaşı, cinsiyeti, hastalık süresi, Ig E düzeyi, kullandığı tedaviler kaydedildi. Hastalığın klinik değerlendirilmesinde ürtiker aktivite skoru kullanıldı. Katılımcılardan elde edilen serum örneklerinde, vitamin D düzeyi, Ca, ALP, P ve PTH seviyeleri tespit edildi.
Bulgular: Gruplar yaş ve cinsiyet açısından istatistiksel olarak benzerdi (sırasıyla p değerleri 0,06 ve 0,936). Hastaların tamamı antihistamin ve/veya omalizumab kullanmaktaydı. D vitamini düzeyi ürtikerli grupta 12.61±8.61 ng/ml, kontrol grubunda 15.07±6.03 ng/ml idi. Gruplar D vitamini düzeyi açısından karşılaştırıldığında aralarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu (p=0.18). Ca, P, ALP ve PTH düzeyleri gruplar arasında değerlendirildiğinde aralarında anlamlı bir fark yoktu (sırasıyla p değerleri 0.058, 0.393, 0.922, 0.138). D vitamini ile Ca, P, ALP ve Ig E düzeyleri arasında bir korelasyon yokken (sırasıyla p değerleri 0.147, 0.308, 0.176, 0.348), D vitamini ile PTH düzeyleri negatif yönde korele idi (r=-0.778, p=0.000).
Sonuç: D vitamini vücudun hemen her hücresi ile etkileşerek genel iyilik halinin sürdürülmesine katkıda bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada hem kronik idiyopatik ürtikerli olgularda hem de sağlıklı kontrollerde vitamin D düzeyleri düşük tespit edildi. Dolayısı ile ürtiker ile D vitamini arasında zayıf bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna varıldı.
Bir Hastane Çalışanının Siyanür Alarak İntiharı ve Psikolojik Otopsisi: Olgu Sunumu
Authors: SEHLİKOĞLU Kerem , SEHLİKOĞLU Şeyma
Published: August 2021

ÖzetSiyanür bilinen en hızlı etkili toksik maddelerden birisidir. İntihar girişimi, yaşam ile ölüm arasında ölümü tercih etmeye yönelik eylemdir. Psikolojik otopsi ise bireylerin neden intihara yöneldiğini açıklamak, motivasyonlarını anlamak ve ölümleri hakkında değerlendirme amacıyla uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; hastane arşiv odasında ölü olarak bulunan 52 yaşındaki bir erkek olgu sunulmuştur. Olay yerinden alınan sıvıda yapılan toksikolojik incelemede siyanür bulundu. Otopside trakea ve ana bronşlarda yaygın köpüklü ödem sıvısı, akciğerlerde konjesyon ve ödem, mide mukozasında yoğun kanama ve eroziv görünüm izlendi ve toksikolojik incelemede kanda ve mide içeriğinde siyanür tespit edildi. Yapılan psikolojik otopsi sırasında olgunun geçmişte maddi sıkıntılar nedeniyle silahla özkıyım girişiminde bulunduğu, babası ve kardeşleriyle arasının iyi olmadığı ve maddi konularda anlaşamadıkları için görüşmedikleri, kendi ve eşinin ailesinden birçok kişiden para aldığı, son olarak kardeşlerinin annelerine ait kartı aldığı öğrenildi. Sonuç olarak; siyanür zehirlenmesi tanısı koyarken, olay yeri inceleme bulguları, otopsi bulguları ve toksikolojik veriler birlikte değerlendirilmelidir. Ek olarak, intihar ettiği düşünülen bireylerin psikolojisi değerlendirilmeli ve psikolojik otopsileri yapılmalıdır.
Obstruktif Uyku Apne Sendromu Olan Hastalarda Ambulatuvar Kan Basıncının Önemi ve Vücut Kitle İndeksinin Nondipping Patern Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: TUĞAN YILDIZ Buket , TUNCEL Deniz , SÖKMEN Gülizar
Published: August 2021

Amaç: Obstruktif uyku apne sendromunda görülen kardiyovasküler olaylar ve mortaliteden nondipping paternin sorumlu olduğu düşünülmektedir. Çalışmamızda vücut kitle indeksi ile nondipping patern arasındaki ilişkiyi saptamayı amaçladık.
Gereç ve yöntemler: Hastanemiz uyku bozuklukları polikliniğinde polisomnografi ile ağır obstruktif uyku apnesi tanısı alan 29 'u erkek (%83) ve 6 'sı kadın (%17) toplam 35 hasta çalışmaya alınmıştır. Hastaların poliklinik muayeneleri srasında kan basınçları, yaşları, cinsiyetleri, vücut kitle indeksleri kaydedilmiştir. Hastalara 24 saatlik ambulatuvar tansiyon holter takılmıştır. Gece ortalama sistolik kan basıncı, gündüz ortalama sistolik kan basıncının %10 'undan fazla düşmeyen hastalar nondipping olarak kaydedilmiştir.
Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması 51,97 ±8,89; vücut kitle indeksi ortalaması 33,94± 6.17 idi. Poliklinik kan basıncı ölçümleri ortalaması ve 24 saat ambulatuvar kan basıncı ölçümleri ortalamaları Amerikan Kalp Derneği tanı kriterlerine göre hipertansiyon kriterlerini karşılamamaktadır. Hastaların 24 (%69)' unda nondipping paterni görülmüştür. Non dipping paterni ile vücut kitle indeksi karşılaştırıldığında aralarında anlamlı ilişki saptanmıştır(p:0,008). Hastaların vücut kitle indeksi değerleri arttıkça, sistolik kan basıncı gece değerlerinin arttığı saptanmıştır ve aralarında pozitif yönde ve anlamlı bir ilişki vardır (r:0.389, p:0.021). Vücut kitle indeksi değerleri arttıkça, sistolik kan basıncı ortalama ve sistolik kan basıncı gündüz değerlerinin arttığı saptandı ancak aralarında anlamlı ilişki yoktu (sırasıyla p: 0,123; 0.259).
Sonuç: Obstruktif uyku apne sendromu hastalarının kardiyovasküler risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesinde ve takibinde poliklinik koşullarında bakılan kan basıncı yeterli olmayabilir. Tanı konan hastalardan takipleri boyunca en az bir kez 24 saatlik tansiyon holter monitorizasyon yapılmalıdır.
Vücut kitle indeksi nondipping patern ve morbidite üzerine direk etkilidir. Hastanın kilo vermesi non dipping patern üzerine etkili olacak, morbidite ve mortaliteyi azaltacaktır.
Geological Effects on Water Quality: A Review of Issues and Challenges in Malaysia
Authors: Garba Terfa E. , Richard Reena L. , A. Thani Nor Ezzawanis , A. Majid Mohamad Azlan , Lawal Mutari , Yelwa Nura A.
Published: August 2021

Malaysian source of water for household and industrial use is derived mainly from surface sources. The increasing demand for quality water for household consumption and industrial use has posed a great challenge to the otherwise abundant but scarce natural resources. This paper examines the important challenges associated with the deteriorating water quality in Peninsular Malaysia. Quality water enhances one’s good health. Therefore, evaluating health risk as a result of heavy metals introduction through drinking water from various geological activities like the ex-mining ponds in Klang Valley is worthy to note. Heavy metals which are one of the sources of contaminants, due to their solubility are transported from their source (mining, agricultural, and industrial) to groundwater. There is a linkage between land-use change (activities) such as logging, agriculture, urbanization, mining, and industrial activities as a potential source of contaminants, this is further conflated by the hydrogeology of the areas which show a shallow aquifer system predominantly associated with alluvial and carbonate. Also, microbial contamination had affected water sources. Given that more of the aquifer systems in Peninsular Malaysia are shallow, this makes it very easy for groundwater sources around Malaysia to be contaminated. The industrialisation and urbanisation in Malaysia, as well as the growing population, posed a great challenge to water quality. This paper highlights the key challenges and possible solutions to water quality management in Malaysia.
Pengenalan tradisi Laras Madya dalam pembelajaran IPS melalui pendekatan konstruktivisme
Authors: Galuh Mahardika Moch. Dimas , Sariyatun Sariyatun
Published: August 2021

Social science learning is aneffort to provide student’s knowledge and comperhensionabout social condition indaily life. Basicly, social science is an integration of the study of social science such as, history, geography, economics, politic, sociology and otherhumanities science. So, the main purpose of social science learning to createthe humans who are aware of their position as members of civil society. The introduction of local tradition also needs to be included in gerenal material on social science learning. Students are able to know more about existence of local tradition, one of wich is Laras Madya tradition. Laras Madya tradition is a one of the local tradition that can be inserted into the general social science learning materials. The approach to introduce this tradition is constructivism. Constructivism is an effective approach to use because can provides sufficient space for student to actively seek, collect, and process information to build their knowledge. This article is the author’s conceptual idea wich aims to provide a new reference about local tradition.
Formulation and evaluation of polyherbal human health amiable hand sanitizer: A need to fight COVID 19
Authors: Tamboli Firoj A , Mulani Sajid A , Kolekar Yogesh S , More Harinath N , Mane Pradnya K , Misal Ashish A
Published: August 2021

Hand hygiene is now creating more awareness in the people due to pandemic COVID -19. It plays important role in the prevention, control and reduction of any acquired infection. This can stop the chain of transmission of microorganism and other bacteria from hand to different parts of our body. Herbal medicines have been extensively utilized as effectual remedies for the prevention and management of multiple health conditions. The present research was carried out to formulate and evaluate the poly herbal hand sanitizer using extract and Clove oil. The formulation was evaluated for its physical parameters. It is sure that the combination of ingredients behaves as an effective hand sanitizer.
Identification of Climate Resilience Opportunities and Metrics in Financing Operations: A Technical Reference Document for IDB Project Teams
Authors: Grunwaldt Alfred , Glass Marie-Lena , McCarthy Nancy
Published: August 2021

As development financiers strive to implement climate adaptation measures that are effective and consistent with countries climate-resilient development pathways in line with the Paris Agreement, there is an urgent and increasing need to reduce vulnerability to climate variability and climate change, ensure that development operations are climate-resilient, particularly promote development operations that build climate resilience, and to monitor and evaluate the success of these measures. Given this need, the objective of this document is to provide a general conceptual framework to guide IDB project teams from different sectors in how to identify climate resilience opportunities and define indicators at the project level that will facilitate the monitoring and assessment of climate resilience results. With the conceptual framework presented in this document, the IDB aims to (1) lay the conceptual foundations to seize climate resilience opportunities in development projects by presenting definitions and examples for climate resilience elements and capacities as a basis for a conceptual climate resilience metrics framework and (2) guide sectorial specialists in identifying output and outcome indicators to monitor climate resilience results at the project level and to later evaluate the effectiveness of implemented adaptation and climate resilience activities.
Death and Complexity
Authors: Maldonado Carlos Eduardo
Published: August 2021

There is no such thing as a science of death, although there is a science of life, as it happens. Death is not so much the subject matter of science but an experience, and death experiences we find abundantly in the literature. Now, experience is told not so much in a scientific tenure but as a narrative. Within the framework of bioethics, death comes closer, particularly what is usually known as end-of-life dilemmas, i.e., palliative care, a most sensitive arena, if there is any at all. This paper argues about the interplay or dialogue between death and complexity science. It claims that the knowledge of death is truly the knowledge of life and provides three arguments that lead to the central claim. The first argument is very much close to a kind of heuristic for knowing about death, while the second shows the challenge of knowing death. The third one consists of a reappraisal of death within an extensive cultural or civilizing framework. Lastly, some open-ended conclusions are drawn.
Evaluation of the Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Interventions on the Emotional Reactions of Parents of Children with Retinoblastoma
Authors: Boujabadi Leila , Adhami Moghadam Farhad , Ghassemi Fariba , Sahebalzamani Mohammad
Published: August 2021

Background: Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in childhood. Diagnosis of the disease and treatment decisions put a lot of stress on the family. Excessive anxiety and stress can lead to serious psychological problems. The cognitive behavioral approach focuses on the individuals’ thoughts, behaviors, and emotions and their interaction. This study aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive behavioral interactions on the emotional reactions of parents of children with retinoblastoma.
Methods: This study was carried out using a quasi-experimental design on 106 parents of children with retinoblastoma referred to the Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran, between 2017 and 2018. Cognitive behavioral therapy was performed through eight sessions of 90-minute training for parents. The data collection method was self-responding using the depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 Items (DASS-21) questionnaire. Pre-and post-intervention test scores were collected for statistical analysis.
Results: The mean anxiety score decreased from 13.65 (moderate anxiety) before the cognitive-behavioral intervention to 10.13 (mild anxiety) after the intervention (p<0.05). The mean depression score decreased from 11.26 (mild depression) before the intervention to 8.32 (no depression) after the intervention (p<0.05). The mean stress score decreased from 10.79 (normal) before the intervention to8.25 (normal) after the intervention (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Our study showed that the occurrence of retinoblastoma in children poses a significant risk to the mental health of their parents. Cognitive-behavioral interventions can be effective in improving the level of parent's anxiety, depression, and stress.
Effect of Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block on Intraoperative Opioid Consumption and Quality of Postoperative Analgesia in Closed Reduction and Pinning of Paediatric Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus
Authors: Nazir Ovais , Yatoo Hamid , Singh Shiv Kumar , Kumar Amit
Published: August 2021

Background: Supracondylar fracture of the humerus is one of the commonly encountered injuries in paediatric age group accounting for 16% of all paediatric fractures and 60% of all paediatric elbow fractures, classically occurring as a result of fall on an outstretched hand. Regional anesthesia may represent one of the best solutions for intraoperative and postoperative paediatric pain management however, due to lack of proficiency and the increased risk of complications in children and difficulty in obtaining cooperation compared to adults, it is not the method of choice for most of the anesthesiologists in children.
Methods: A total of 50 paediatric patients were included who were to undergo CRPP and divided into two groups Group I- General anaesthesia alone (n = 25), Group II- General anaesthesia with USG guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block studied for the intraoperative opioid consumption as well as postoperative analgesia quality, duration and Opioid consumption.
Results: Demographic data were similar in both groups (I and II). Time to first dose of analgesia after surgery in the group I was 54.8±5.4 min and 746.6±40.2 min (p<0.001). The incidence of PONV was 24% (group I) and 16% (GroupII). Duration of analgesia was significantly higher (746.6±40.2 min) and mean pain scores lower in first 24 hour. The fentanyl consumption was higher intraoperatively and rescue analgesic doses were more in group I.
Conclusion: USG guided brachial plexus block is an excellent and effective means for analgesia in CRPP for supracondylar fracture with lower intraoperative Opioid consumption and better postoperative analgesia , lower pain scores and Opioid consumption in first 24 hour post operative period.
Ventilating through Mobile and Migrated Montgomery T-tube: an Enigma
Authors: Mitragotri Milon Vasant , Joshi Vikas , Ahmed Faraz , Kemmannu Vikram Bhat
Published: August 2021

Montgomery T-tube used to maintain a patent airway in post tracheostomised patients can act like a double edged sword. We report a case where a T-tube migrated into distal airway leading a precarious situation.
Multiple Kinking in a Single Epidural Catheter; Rare Complication or a Defect in the Catheter?
Authors: Dhar Mridul , Anilakumari Devitha , Shajahan Mohammed Shafiq , Gupta Vaishali
Published: August 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
The Protective Effect of Dapsone Against Ethanol, Stress, and Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Erosion in Rats
Authors: Sheibani Mohammad , Nezamoleslami Sadaf , Rahimi Nastaran , Abbasi Ata , Dehpour Ahmad Reza
Published: August 2021

Several factors contribute to the development of gastric erosions, including corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), alcohol, and stress. These factors can cause or worsen gastrointestinal ulcers by activating inflammatory pathways or by altering gastric mucosal blood flow. Dapsone is an antimicrobial compound with anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of dapsone against gastric erosions induced by alcohol, stress, or indomethacin. Gastric damage was induced in male rats in three different experimental models: ethanol (5 ml/kg, p.o.)-, water-immersion stress-, and indomethacin (30 mg/kg, p.o.)- induced ulcer. Rats in each of these three experimental models were divided into five groups: Normal group, 2. Control group (gastric damage+vehicle), 3. Gastric damage+dapsone 1 mg/kg, 4. Gastric damage+dapsone 3 mg/kg, 5. Gastric damage+dapsone 10 mg/kg. In this study, the J- score ulcer index and histopathological assessment were performed. In addition, inflammatory cytokines levels, NF-κB expression, and MPO activity were determined. Dapsone reduced the tissue injuries and erosion area in all three experimental groups compared to the control group. In addition, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha, and IL-1β were reduced in the dapsone treatment groups. The expression of NF-κB and tissue concentration of myeloperoxidase (a marker of neutrophil activation) was also reduced in rats given dapsone. To conclude, dapsone exhibits significant protective effects against the development of experimental gastric erosions in rats, and these effects seem to be related to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Evaluation of Oxygenation Index Compared With Oxygen Saturation Index Among Neonates Admitted to the NICU
Authors: Zadkarami Masoud , Sadat-Mirdamadi Nahid , Hardani Amirkamal , Mirkarimi Mohammadreza , Alisamir Mohsen , Heidari Solmaz , Barouti Shahriar , Mohammadi Shooka
Published: August 2021

Oxygenation index (OI) based on arterial blood gas (ABG) test is an invasive procedure and requires indwelling arterial lines. However, the oxygen saturation index (OSI) assessed by the pulse oximetry method is simple and noninvasive for monitoring oxygenation saturation in newborn neonates with chronic lung disease. This study aimed to evaluate and compare OI and OSI among neonates in NICU who underwent mechanical ventilation. A cross-sectional study was carried out among fifty neonates (term and preterm) who were admitted to the NICU of Abuzar Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran. All neonates were examined by both ABG and pulse oximetry methods. Approximately 2 cc of arterial blood sample was taken and sent to the laboratory to determine blood gases. At the same time, the level of peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO) was recorded using a pulse oximeter. OI and OSI were calculated according to their formula. Spearman’s correlation, linear regression, and Bland-Altman scatter plot were used to determine the correlation, association, and agreement between OI and OSI, respectively. Of the total 50 neonates, 26 were female. The mean (range) gestational age was 35.28±3.01 (28-39) weeks, and post-neonatal age was 6.05±7.04 (1-25) weeks. There was a linear and significant association and correlation between OI and oxygen OSI (P<0.001), while the Bland-Altman scatter plot confirmed the agreement between them in mean values. Therefore, OSI utilizing pulse oximetry as a noninvasive method can be a substitute for OI in neonates with respiratory failure. It can also reduce workloads and costs.
Association between Across-Shift Spirometric Parameters and Sleep Characteristics in Workers with Inhalational Occupational Exposure
Authors: Mehrabinejad Mohammad-Mehdi , Saraei Maryam , Hajighaderi Abdolkarim , Najafi Arezu
Published: August 2021

Background and Objective: Workplace exposes workers to different hazardous chemicals. In this study, we aimed to assess the changes of pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters as the objective indicator of lung impairment and its association with demographic data and sleep characteristics.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 200 male workers of a smelting factory located in Tehran Province, Iran. The respiratory symptoms questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and demographic characteristics were recorded for the participants. Participants also underwent spirometry and the related parameters were recorded.
Results: A total of 200 iron foundry workers were assessed. All participants were men, and mean ± standard deviation (SD) of age was 39.1 ± 8.9 years ranging from 20 to 65 years. Of 200 workers, 153 (76.5%) were married and 72 (36.0%) were smokers. Among all participants, 131 (65.5%) reported at least one respiratory symptom, and these workers had significantly poorer sleep quality (P = 0.02) and insomnia (P = 0.01). Across-shift change in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of spirometry parameters was significant among participants with clinical insomnia (P = 0.02 and P = 0.04, respectively) and poor sleep quality (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.04, respectively).
Conclusion: Results showed a significant cross-shift reduction in PFT values among workers with clinical insomnia or poor sleep quality. Accordingly, evaluation of sleep characteristics along with respiratory symptoms in workers with inhalational occupational exposure is recommended.
A Review on the Effect of Anxiety on Academic Performance in Medical and Paramedical Students
Authors: Shooraj Mahdi , Mahdavi Seif Ali
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Test anxiety is one of the most important phenomenon and main concerns in educational contexts all over the world that influence on students’ presentation. Likewise, apprehension among medical and paramedical students deserves superior consideration due to its important implications. Medical and paramedical universities are known as a stressful situation that often has an undesirable result on students’ educational enactment, physical health, and psychosocial health. The purpose of this investigation is to review the existing studies on the prevalence of depression and anxiety among medical and paramedical students attending the universities in Iranian or foreign academic context, to investigate different out comes in this regard.
Material and Methods: In the current study, the databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran were investigated and related articles were reviewed.
Results: The findings revealed that students’ gender, academic level of study and self-efficacy are effective factors influencing the students’ test anxiety.
Conclusion: It seems crucial to take an effective action for managing anxiety in medical and paramedical academic context. Consequently, the current investigation is useful for practitioners and educational administrators in medical education context.
Anatomija človeškega telesa: Compendium topografske anatomije in navodila za vaje
Authors: Pejković Božena
Published: August 2021

Compendium topografske anatomije in navodila za vaje je priročni učbenik, ki omogoča študentom medicine da ob predavanjih, seminarjih, vajah in dodatnem študiju strokovne literature v kratkem času obnovijo svoje že pridobljeno znanje iz topografske anatomije človeškega telesa, študente seznanja s splošnimi pravili in najpogostejšimi postopki anatomske makrodisekcije.