bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erythema nodosum in sarcoidosis. Relationship with extrathoracic involvement and prognostic significance
Authors: Marcoval Joaquim , Iriarte Adriana , Rocamora Blanch Gemma , Mañá Juan
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Only a few studies analysed the prognosis significance of erythema nodosum (EN) in sarcoidosis. Our objective was to analyze the prevalence of EN in sarcoidosis, its possible association of EN with extrathoracic sarcoidosis, and its prognostic significance.
Methods. Retrospective study including patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis at Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain, between 1980 and 2017. Patients were followed up prospectively at the sarcoid clinic of the hospital. Patients' medical records were reviewed to obtain the clinical data.
Results. 728 patients (494 women and 234 men, mean age 43.45 years SD 13,833) were diagnosed with sarcoidosis. Radiological stages were 0 in 68 patients (9.34%), 1 in 434 (59.62%), 2 in 167 (22.94%), 3 in 45 (6.18%) and 4 in 14 (1.92%). Pulmonary fibrosis at 5 years of follow up was documented in 44 patients. EN was diagnosed in 269 (37%). In 265 cases (98.5%), EN lesions were present at the onset of sarcoidosis and mostly corresponded to radiological stage 1 at diagnosis (82.52%). Among patients with EN, 3/269 had pulmonary fibrosis at 5 years of follow-up (p<0.001), sarcoidosis activity persist for more than 5 years in 28/269 (p<0.001), and oral corticosteroids were required in 48/269 patients (p<0.001). Patients with EN had a low incidence of severe extrapulmonary involvement.
Conclusion. EN was observed in 37% of sarcoidosis patients, usually at the onset of the disease. Patients with EN-associated sarcoidosis have mainly radiological stages 1 at diagnosis, and are at lower risk of chronicity, pulmonary fibrosis, and severe forms of extrathoracic organ involvement.
Comparative efficacy of Ayurveda treatment regimen and Letrozole along with Yoga module in the management of unexplained and anovulatory female infertility; study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chandla Anubha , Sharma Nalneesh , Vyas Kavita , Mahajan Hemendar , Dutt Varun , Bhavsar Arnav , Tripathi Kirti , Ota Sarada , Tripathi Arunabh
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Infertility is a significant health problem with psycho-social burden for couples. Ayurveda considers a holistic approach, including complex multimodal regimens in managing infertility. Increasing evidence has shown that Yoga as an adjuvant to infertility treatment increases pregnancy rates. Therefore, this research will investigate the comparative efficacy of Ayurveda regimen and Letrozole, along with integration of Yoga in both groups in female infertility. Methods: The primary outcome, ovulation rate, will be measured through serial transvaginal sonography (TVS) for six consecutive menstrual cycles. The secondary outcome, conception rate, will be measured by definitive signs of pregnancy. Participants' quality of life will be assessed using the Ferti Quality of Life (FertiQOL) tool. The study will randomize 160 women aged 21 to 40 years diagnosed with anovulatory or unexplained infertility into two groups using permuted block randomization. Participants in group I will receive internal oleation with Phala Ghrita (PG) and mild purgation with Gandharvahasta (GH) oil for three consecutive cycles. Standard care group II participants will receive Letrozole tablet once daily from day 3 to day 7 of the menstrual cycle for three cycles. The yoga instructor will take yoga sessions for participants of both groups for 6 months. This study will also use machine learning (ML) models to compare two regimens to predict improvements in outcome variables. The goal is to develop an online platform that aids personalized treatment planning and enhances clinical decision-making. Discussion: This will be the first study to generate evidence on the efficacy of integrated treatment regimens in female infertility, where predictive ML models will be developed.
KETO-MOOD: Ketogenic Diet for Microbiome Optimization and Overcoming Depression: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hongler Katarzyna , Lounici Astrid , Maurer Erin , Lanz Ueli , Szathmari Orsolya , Reuter Yvonne , Nussbaum Sandra , Steinborn Ines , Haedrich Annika , Mölling Melina A. , Wein Ulf , Bocek Iona , Hersberger Luca , Brühl Annette B. , Lang Undine E. , Liwinski Timur
Published: December 2024

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) significantly impacts millions worldwide, with limited success in achieving remission for many patients, leading to high disease burden and increased suicide risk. Psychotherapy and antidepressants, although effective, do not provide relief for all, prompting the search for alternative treatments. Ketogenic diets have demonstrated positive effects on brain health. Our study aims to investigate the efficacy of the ketogenic diet in alleviating MDD symptoms, filling a critical gap in psychiatric treatment options and offering a novel dietary approach with potential to mitigate disease burden and enhance mental well-being. This phase randomized controlled trial will evaluate the efficacy of a ten-week program of dietitian counseling and ketogenic meal provision versus an intervention with similar dietetic contact promoting a healthy, insulin-lowering, non-ketogenic diet. The primary outcome is the change in the Patient Health Questionnaire nine-item depression score. Secondary outcomes include cognitive and affective mindfulness, self-efficacy, sleep, cognitive function, work and social adjustment, and various immunological, metabolic, and microbiome markers at weeks 6 and 10. This study addresses a critical gap in depression treatment by exploring the ketogenic diet's potential as a novel intervention. Given the global impact of depression and limitations of current therapies, this research is valuable for its potential neuroprotective and metabolic benefits. It aims to advance psychiatric treatment strategies by clarifying the diet's effects on depression and its underlying mechanisms.
Genetics of mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases associated with sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Xu Baicheng , Chai Jing , Bian Panpan , Guo Yufen
Published: December 2024

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are highly conserved proteins that catalyze the tRNA aminoacylation reaction to produce aminoacyl-tRNAs involved in protein synthesis, which are required to translate cytoplasmic and mitochondrial proteins. The mt-ARS genes encode the mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (mt-ARSs), and variants in mt-ARS genes affect mitochondrial protein synthesis. This can impair the translation of mitochondrial proteins, adversely affecting oxidative phosphorylation and leading to related diseases. To date, 19 mt-ARS genes have been identified and found to be strongly associated with the development of mitochondrial disorders. Hearing loss is one of the most common chronic conditions in children and a leading cause of communication disorders. Genetic studies of sensorineural hearing loss are critical to diagnosing and treating sensorineural hearing loss. The relationship between mt-ARS genes and sensorineural hearing loss is gradually surfacing as cases of hearing loss phenotypes caused by variants in the mammalian mt-ARS genes continue to be reported. Seven mt-ARS genes have been reported to contribute to various hereditary sensorineural hearing loss.
Summary
This article reviews studies on mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, mt-ARS genes, and variants associated with hearing loss phenotypes. Investigating their genetic characteristics provides deeper insights into the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of sensorineural hearing loss.
Effect of a yoga and naturopathy-based lifestyle intervention with nine-month follow-up on lipid profile in patients with hypertension: A two-arms parallel group randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shetty Prashanth , Janardhana Sujatha Kannarpady , Aruchunan Mooventhan , Subbanna Nandeesh Nanjangud , Kamalet Jayasingh Jyosna , Prakash Ashwin Vontikoppal
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Hypertension is recognized as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, alongside dyslipidemia. Studies have revealed that between 15% to 31% of individuals have both hypertension and dyslipidemia. However, emerging evidence suggests that natural therapies and yoga can help manage mild increases in blood pressure. This study aims to evaluate the impact of yogic and naturopathy treatments on lipid profiles in hypertensive patients, thereby contributing to the existing literature.
Materials and methods: A randomized controlled experiment was conducted, involving 262 hypertensive patients randomly assigned to either the study group (SG) or control group (CG). The SG, consisting of 131 individuals, received yoga and naturopathic treatments for 10 days, while the CG (n=131) did not. The lipid profile was measured at the beginning and end of the 10 days and they were followed-up and reassessed after 9 months.
Results: The study involved a total of 262 individuals, with 111 in the SG and 125 in the CG. After the 10-day intervention period, the SG showed significant reductions in Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), Very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL), Apolipoprotein-A (Apo-A), Apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B), and Lipoprotein-A(Lp-A) (p<0.001) compared to the CG. Also, the change was observed after 9 months in Apo-A, Apo-B, and Lp-A significantly (p<0.001).
Conclusion: These findings underscore the potential of naturopathic and yogic interventions in improving lipid profiles in hypertensive patients, thereby contributing to the current literature. In conjunction with conventional management, these specific interventions could be considered as a safer form of complementary therapy in the treatment of dyslipidemia among hypertensive patients. Thus, these findings hold promise for the integration of naturopathic and yogic therapies in the standard care of hypertensive patients.
Uveal Melanoma: 5 Year Update on Incidence, Treatment, and Survival (SEER 1975-2020)
Authors: Weinberger Yehonatan , Bena James , Singh Arun D.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Since 2003, using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, epidemiological aspects of uveal melanoma have been reported. The aim of this study is to update trends in incidence, treatment, and survival of uveal melanoma in the United States from 1975 – 2020.

Methods: Patients were identified using International Classification of Disease for Oncology codes: C69.3 [choroid], C69.4 [ciliary body and iris], and C69.2 [retina]. Trends in age-adjusted incidence, treatment (surgery or radiation), and 5-year relative survival were calculated.

Results: 5563 cases of uveal melanoma were identified. The majority (97%) were reported by hospital inpatient/outpatient clinics. Microscopic (histopathologic or cytologic) confirmation was available in 61%. The mean age-adjusted incidence was 5.6 per million (5.5 -5.7; 95% CI). As previously noted, a small but statistically significant (p < 0.05) annual percentage change of 0.5% was detected in Whites. The previously reported declining trend in the number of patients treated with surgery alone (93% from 1975-1977 versus 21% from 2017-2020) ensued, with ongoing corresponding increasing rates of radiation as the primary treatment (1% from 1975-1977 versus 58% from 2017-2020). No change in the 5-year relative survival (82.8%) was observed (reported from 1975 to 2016).

Conclusions: Previously reported overall age-adjusted incidence of uveal melanoma is stable throughout the years, with a minor increase in incidence in Whites. Treatment trend towards radiation has not led to improvement in survival.
Scutellariae Radix Ameliorates Prenatal Stress Induced Anxiety-like and Depression-like Behavior in the Offspring via Reversing HPA Axis Hyperfunction and Ameliorating Neurodevelopmental Dysfunction
Authors: Li Lixia , Zhang Wenying , Sun Congying , Chai Zhiqiang , Wang Kaiyue , Zhou Qian , Wang Xiaoying
Published: December 2024

Introduction: This study aimed to explore the impact and mechanism of Scutellariae radix (SR), dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi of Labiatae, on prenatal stress (PS) induced anxiety-like and depression-like behavior in the offspring in a mouse prenatal stress model.
Methods: The open field test (OFT), tail suspension test (TST), and forced swimming test (FST) were utilized to assess the behavior of the offspring. Histological changes were evaluated using HE staining and Nissl staining. ELISA was employed to detect the levels of related factors in the serum and fetal brains of offspring mice. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expressions of doublecortin and neurotrophic factors in the hippocampus, and RT-PCR reflected the expression of factors in the hippocampus and placenta of offspring mice. These various techniques collectively provided insight into the neurodevelopmental status by detecting indicators related to neurodevelopmental status. LC-MS/MS and molecular docking were used to clarify the chemical constituents and the pharmacodynamic components in Scutellariae radix.
Results: Scutellariae radix ameliorated prenatal stress-induced anxiety-like and depression-like behavior in the offspring. It also alleviated hippocampal neurogenesis impairment caused by prenatal stress and restored abnormal expression of hippocampal glutamate (Glu) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the offspring. Additionally, Scutellariae radix maintained normal 11β-HSD1 expression in the placenta of prenatal stress mice, ensuring a normal level of glucocorticoid (GC) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in the fetus. Furthermore, Scutellariae radix increased the mRNA expression of GR and 11β-HSD2 while decreasing the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD1, thereby normalizing levels of serum CRH, ACTH, and GC in the offspring. Finally, docking results indicated that baicalein, wogonin, wogonoside, and baicalin exhibited stronger binding ability with the target.
Conclusion: The results of our study indicate that Scutellariae radix may have the potential to alleviate prenatal stress-induced anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors in offspring, at least partially through protecting placental barrier function, reversing HPA axis hyperfunction, and ameliorating neurodevelopmental dysfunction.
Tenapanor Improves Abdominal Symptoms Irrespective of Changes In Complete Spontaneous Bowel Movement Frequency in Adults With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation
Authors: Brenner Darren M. , Sayuk Gregory S. , Cash Brooks D. , Harris Lucinda A. , Ahuja Nitin K. , Deutsch Jill K. , Yang Yang , Zhao Suling , Rosenbaum David P. , Lembo Anthony J.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Tenapanor is a first-in-class, minimally absorbed intestinal sodium/hydrogen exchanger isoform 3 inhibitor approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for adults with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). Pooled data from the phase 2b (NCT01923428) and phase 3 T3MPO-1 (NCT02621892) and T3MPO-2 (NCT02686138) studies examined the effects of tenapanor on abdominal symptoms independent of tenapanor’s effect on complete spontaneous bowel movement (CSBM) frequency in adults with IBS-C.

Methods: This post hoc analysis was performed for patients with no CSBMs in ≥6 of the first 12 weeks of treatment (no-CSBM subgroup). The three-item Abdominal Score (AS3; the average of weekly abdominal pain, bloating, and discomfort scores) measured abdominal symptom response in tenapanor vs. placebo. The overall change from baseline and response rate (improvement of ≥2 points or a reduction of ≥30%) in AS3 and individual abdominal scores during the 12 weeks were assessed.

Results: In the pooled safety analysis set (N = 1,382), 641 patients were classified as no-CSBM patients and 640 were included in the efficacy analysis. Among the no-CSBM subgroup, tenapanor-treated patients experienced a greater improvement in AS3 in week 12 vs. placebo-treated patients (least squares mean change, −1.74 vs. −1.29; p = 0.007), and the AS3 responder rate was higher for tenapanor (40.2% vs. 29.6%; p = 0.008). Similar improvements were displayed across individual abdominal symptom scores. Diarrhea was the most common adverse event in tenapanor-treated patients.

Conclusion: Tenapanor was observed to improve abdominal symptoms independent of its effect on bowel symptoms in adults with IBS-C.
Characteristics of Oral Adverse Effects following COVID-19 Vaccination and Similarities with Oral Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients: Taste and Saliva Secretory Disorders
Authors: Tsuchiya Hironori , Mizogami Maki
Published: December 2024

Although COVID-19 vaccines exhibit diverse side effects, taste and saliva secretory disorders have remained poorly understood despite their negative impact on the overall quality of life. The present study aimed to characterize oral adverse effects following COVID-19 vaccination and assess their similarities with oral symptoms in COVID-19 patients. A literature search was conducted in databases, including PubMed, LitCovid, and Google Scholar, to retrieve relevant studies. The narrative review indicated that a certain number of vaccinated people develop ageusia, dysgeusia, hypogeusia, xerostomia, and dry mouth, while they are rare compared with COVID-19 oral symptoms. The prevalence of oral adverse effects varies by country/region and such geographical differences may be related to the type of vaccine used. Similar to SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccination adversely affects taste perception and salivary secretion in females and older subjects more frequently than in males and younger subjects. Their impairments mostly appear withing three days after vaccination, and bitter taste is specifically impaired in some cases. Considering that oral adverse effects following COVID-19 vaccination share some characteristics with oral symptoms in COVID-19 patients, it is speculated that the spike protein derived from COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection may be pathophysiologically responsible for taste and saliva secretory disorders. This is because such spike protein has the potential to interact with ACE2 expressed on the relevant cells, produce proinflammatory cytokines, and form antiphospholipid antibodies. Our results do not deny the advantage of COVID-19 vaccination, but attention should be paid to post-vaccination oral effects in addition to COVID-19 oral symptoms.
A new species of Phenacorhamdia (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Juruena River basin, with insights into its phylogenetic position
Authors: SILVA GABRIEL S. C. , CASTRO ÍTHALO DA SILVA , OHARA WILLIAN MASSAHARU , OLIVEIRA CLAUDIO
Published: December 2024

Heptapteridae is a group of small to medium-sized neotropical catfish composed of 23 genera and 238 valid species, classified into two subfamilies: Rhamdiinae and Heptapterinae. Phenacorhamdia represents small heptapterids and is composed of 14 valid species distributed across all major river basins in South America. In this paper, we add another species to the genus, described from the Juruena River basin, Mato Grosso state, Central Brazil. This species is distinguished from its congeners by having multicuspid teeth, 47–52 vertebrae, maxillary barbel not reaching to pectoral-fin origin, and absence of a short extension of the first pectoral-fin ray. Additionally, a brief discussion on its putative phylogenetic position, based on UCEs dataset, is provided.
A new species in the mealybug genus Pseudococcus Westwood (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) from Indonesia
Authors: ZARKANI AGUSTIN , WATSON GILLIAN W. , KAYDAN MEHMET BORA
Published: December 2024

The mealybug genus Pseudococcus Westwood (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) contains several important agricultural and/or horticultural pests in southern Asia, where information on species diversity and distributions is still incomplete. While studying the mealybug fauna in southern Sumatra, Indonesia in 2022, an undescribed species of Pseudococcus on Piper aduncum L. (Piperaceae) was collected. The species is described as Pseudococcus iffahae Zarkani & Kaydan sp. nov.; it has similarities with P. philippinicus Williams, P. longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti) and P. odermatti Miller & Williams, with which it is compared. Photomicrographs and a taxonomic illustration of P. iffahae, and an identification key to species of Pseudococcus recorded in Indonesia, Southeast and southern Asia, are provided.
The Effect of a Non-Surgical Adhesive Bone Conduction Device on Temporal Processing Performance in Adults with Single Sided Deafness: A Pilot Study
Authors: Qi Li , Hui Elizabeth , Nunez Desmond A.
Published: December 2024

Background

There is a dearth of information on the effects of bone conductive devices on temporal processing in individuals with single-sided deafness (SSD). This study investigates the effect of an adhesive bone conductive device on temporal processing in adults with SSD.

Methods

A prospective cohort study of temporal processing in adults with SSD was undertaken. Outcome measures were the pitch pattern test (PPT) and the duration pattern test (DPT) scores, sound field pure tone audiometric (PTA) averaged hearing thresholds, and word recognition scores (WRS). These were measured under 3 conditions: unaided in quiet, unaided in noise, and aided in noise. Eight SSD novice hearing amplification users were recruited.

Results

The adhesive bone conduction device (BCD) resulted in a statistically-significant improvement (Wilcoxon signed ranks test, P = .018) in median [interquartile range (IQR)] PPT score, 65% (IQR = 35.5), and DPT score, 38% (IQR = 42.5) in noise.

Conclusions

Adults with SSD demonstrated improved temporal processing scores with masking of the normal-hearing ear when using an adhesive BCD placed behind the deafened ear.
Susceptibility of various Gram-negative bacteria to antibacterial agents: SMART in China 2019–2020
Authors: Fu Ying , Chen Yueliang , Wang Yanfei , Yao Bingyan , Li Pengcheng , Yu Yunsong
Published: December 2024

Background

The Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) is an international surveillance program longitudinally monitoring aerobic and facultative Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) involvement in infections and their antimicrobial resistance profiles. Here the incidence and resistance patterns of Chinese GNB isolates from bloodstream infections (BSI), intraabdominal infections (IAI), respiratory tract infections (RTI) and urinary tract infections (UTI) to commonly used antibacterial agents has been updated. 4,975 GNB isolates collected from 22 hospitals across 7 regions of China from 2019 to 2020 were analyzed. Antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentrations were assessed using broth microdilution, and susceptibility interpretations followed the breakpoints of European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing 2022 or Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.

Results

This study affirmed that Escherichia coli (Ec) was the most commonly identified GNB (32.1%) and then Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) (25.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) (13.9%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (10.5%). The detection rates of carbapenem-resistant (CR) Enterobacterales varied across major infection sites, ranging from 10.3% in UTI to 18.9% in RTI. Specifically, the detection rates of CR-Kp and CR-Pa ranged from 16.2% in IAI to 35.8% in UTI and from 16.1% in UTI to 38.0% in RTI, respectively. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Ec and Kp bacteria exhibited over 91.7% susceptibility to carbapenems and at least 87.8% susceptibility to amikacin and colistin, but showed lower susceptibility to piperacillin/tazobactam (57.5–86.2%), levofloxacin (10.8–39.7%) and aztreonam (15.3–27.6%) across different infection sources. Amikacin showed higher efficacy against CR strains compared to other commonly used antibacterial drugs, with 80.0% susceptibility against CR-Ec and 82.3% susceptibility against CR-Pa, while only 36.3% susceptibility was observed against CR-Kp.

Conclusions

The study found varying incidences of CR isolates in Chinese hospitals. Treatment options remained limited due to resistance to multiple antibacterial agents. Carbapenems demonstrated effective antimicrobial in vitro activity against ESBL-producing Enterobacterales found in BSI, IAI, UTI and RTI, outperforming broad-spectrum cephalosporins and other β-lactamase inhibitors.
Pericardial effusion in an Indian context: clinical insights and dynamics from a tertiary care centre
Authors: Shaik Nafeez Javed , Hegde Sindhu Sujeeth , Seshadri Shubha , Cherukuri Mounika
Published: December 2024

Background

Pericardial effusion (PE) indicates the build-up of fluid within the pericardial sac, which encases the heart. The present study was undertaken to assess the clinical profile, etiology of pericardial effusion and to determine the correlation of cardiac tamponade and constrictive pericarditis with etiology.

Methods

A prospective observational hospital based longitudinal study was undertaken among the 88 newly diagnosed and known patients of pericardial effusion who are above 18 years. The clinical profile of pericardial effusion including history, examination, standard lab parameters routinely done including thyroid function tests, HIV Serology, ECG, Echocardiography and imaging if done (HRCT thorax), pericardial fluid analysis (if performed) were elicited.

Results

Majority of the patients were males (55.7%), with a mean age of 51.3 years. Among the 88 patients of pericardial effusion, 20 had cardiac tamponade, 13 individuals were diagnosed with constrictive pericarditis. Dyspnea was the most common presenting complaint (65.9%). Chronic kidney disease / uremia is the most common cause of pericardial effusion accounting for 25%, followed by neoplastic (20.5%) and tuberculosis (17%). While in cardiac tamponade patients neoplasm followed by tuberculosis were the most common etiology, patients with constrictive pericarditis had tuberculosis followed by chronic kidney disease as the most common etiology. Echocardiography features were not significantly different according to the etiology of the pericardial effusion (p > 0.05). Thickened pericardium found in the echocardiography showed maximum specificity (76.9%), while thickened fluid/exudates showed maximum sensitivity (65.2%) and negative predictive value (77.1%) for tuberculous pericardial effusion.

Conclusion

Chronic kidney disease, closely followed by infections (mostly tuberculosis), are the frequent causes of PE in the present settings. Breathlessness is the most frequent clinical feature in the patients of PE. Fibrin strands, thickened pericardium, thickened fluid in Echocardiography assists in diagnosing tubercular pericardial effusion. Cardiomegaly in chest X-ray or CT scans should further prompt towards diagnosing pericardial effusion. It is essential to incorporate these findings into the clinical practice, by evaluating the patients presenting with breathlessness for PE. CKD needs to be placed on par with tuberculosis while suspecting the etiology of the PE in the present settings. ADA levels in pericardial fluid (> 40) can be considered as a specific marker for tubercular PE.
Comparison of INTERGROWTH- 21st and Fenton growth standards to assess size at birth and at discharge in preterm infants in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Cheikh Ismail Leila , Mohamad Maysm N. , Ohuma Eric O. , ElHalik Mahmoud S. , Dash Swarup K. , Osaili Tareq M. , Hasan Hayder , Hashim Mona , Saleh Sheima T. , Daour Rameez Al , Parker Simon R. , Ali Habiba I. , Stojanovska Lily , Al Dhaheri Ayesha S.
Published: December 2024

Background

Accurate growth assessment of preterm infants is essential in guiding medical care and suitable nutritional interventions. Currently, different growth references are used across hospitals in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aims to compare the INTERGROWTH-21st standards with Fenton growth references regarding birth size classification and at the time of discharge in a sample of preterm infants in the UAE.

Methods

A retrospective single-center evaluation of medical records of infants born < 37 weeks of gestation was conducted using data from 2018 to 2020. Anthropometric measurements (weight, length, and head circumference) were obtained at birth and at the time of discharge, and then converted to percentiles according to the two reference standards.

Results

A total of 1537 infants with a median birth gestation of 35.3 weeks, and a median birthweight of 2320 g were included. The rates of SGA, AGA, and LGA at birth were 11.5%, 80.42%, and 9.08% using INTERGROWTH-21st growth charts compared to 9.5%, 83.2%, and 7.3% respectively according to Fenton charts. The findings indicated statistically significant differences between the two growth charts classifying of preterm infants based on weight, length, and head circumference (p < 0.05). For every 5 cases assessed as SGA at discharge according to Fenton charts, only 3 were classified as SGA by INTERGROWTH-21st curves.

Conclusions

Differences exist between the two growth charts with only moderate agreement. Thus, there is a need for harmonizing growth assessment standards. Misclassification of these vulnerable infants would affect their in-hospital and post-discharge nutrition and medical care plan.
Exploring mHealth app utilization for diabetes self-management: survey insights from a northern district in Malaysia
Authors: Supramaniam Premaa , Beh Ying-Shan , Junus Suria , Devesahayam Philip Rajan
Published: December 2024

Background

Mobile health applications (mHealth apps) offer potential benefits for improving diabetes management, such as better glucose monitoring and patient engagement, but their widespread adoption faces challenges, including privacy concerns and user adherence. This research investigates mHealth app usage among patients living with diabetes in Kinta District, Perak, exploring experiences, challenges and patient perceptions regarding diabetes management using mHealth apps.

Methodology

A cross-sectional community survey was conducted in September till November 2020 across nine government health clinics focusing on diabetes mellitus (Type 1 or Type 2) patients, aged 18 years and older, receiving Diabetes Medication Adherence Counseling (DMTAC) services and able to use smart devices. A self-developed questionnaire with four sections was used to gather demographic information, explore mHealth apps usage and understand both users and non-users’ experiences and perceptions. The questionnaire was tested through cognitive debriefing, translated into Malay, pre-tested and finalized by the expert committee. The questionnaire was digitally implemented using Google® Form and QR code. After obtaining informed consent, data collection was performed by the trained DMTAC pharmacists. Statistical analyses involved descriptive and inferential analyses.

Results

The study analyzed the engagement of 295 patients living with diabetes with mHealth apps. Females (54.9%), of Malay ethnicity (58.3%) and with a mean age of 53.8 years (SD: 12.38) constituted the majority. Diabetes duration had a median of 6 years (IQR: 3.0, 10.0) with prevalent comorbidities like hypertension (58.0%) and dyslipidemia (42.7%). Most patients were employed (44.7%) and their primary source of diabetes management information was through healthcare providers (92.5%). Despite the high app use for social interaction, only 13.6% used mHealth apps for disease management. Users were influenced by social media (65.0%) and favored for wellness apps and disease monitoring. Users perceived the mHealth app as useful (97.5%), yet faced challenges over the app initiation, charges and data security. Non-users cited lack of awareness (70.2%), struggled with app startup (22.4%) and preference for conventional healthcare visits (22.0%). In multivariable analysis, longer diabetes duration reduced mHealth app usage (p = 0.046), while multimorbidity increased the likelihood (p = 0.001). Awareness of the availability of health apps significantly influenced the usage of mHealth apps (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The findings highlight the underutilization of mHealth apps for diabetes management despite their perceived usefulness. Challenges faced by users and non-users underscore the need for more awareness, thus encourage widespread acceptance and usage of mHealth apps in diabetes care.
Simoultaneous bilateral medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy can be performed safely and effectively without bone grafting: analysis of a monocentric retrospective series
Authors: Screpis Daniele , Baldini Marco , Piovan Gianluca , Santamaria Fabio , Iacono Venanzio , Gigante Antonio , Zorzi Claudio
Published: December 2024

Background

Simultaneous bilateral high tibial osteotomy (SBHTO) is a potential solution to treat bilateral medial osteoarthritis (OA) associated with tibial varus deformity. Concerns on the potential problems related to bone healing exists, and most of the surgeon performing SBHTO use bone void filler as associated procedure.

This paper aim to evaluate safety and efficacy of SBHTO using locking plate, autologous cancellous bone mobilization and no bone void filler with immediate weight bearing at tolerance protocol.

Methods

Consecutive patients performing primary SBHTO between January 2019 and December 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. Functional and pain score, subjective satisfaction and complications were noted at 2, 3, 6 months and final follow up, with a minimum of 12 months.

Results

A total of 40 patients (80 knees) were included. Mean correction for each limb was 8.67° ± 2.24°. No patients presented with major complications. Pain was reduced but activity level worsened 2 months after surgery. All pain and functional scores improved significantly from months 3 up to final follow up. 95% of patients reported to be subjectively satisfied with surgery.

Conclusions

This paper showed that SBHTO can be performed safely and with good results without bone grafting the osteotomy gap, even for correction up to 12°. Pain improved already 2 months after surgery, while activity level and function start to improve at 3 months after surgery.

Level of evidence

IV.
The therapeutic effects of probiotics on core and associated behavioral symptoms of autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Jen-Chin , Chen Chia-Min , Sun Cheuk-Kwan , Tsai I-Ting , Cheng Yu-Shian , Chiu Hsien-Jane , Wang Ming Yu , Tang Yen-Hsiang , Hung Kuo-Chuan
Published: December 2024

Background

We aimed at investigating the efficacies of probiotics in alleviating the core and associated symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods

Randomized placebo-controlled trials were identified from major electronic databases from inception to Nov 2023. The outcomes of interests including improvements in the total and associated symptoms of ASD were quantitatively expressed as effect size (ES) based on standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

Ten studies with 522 participants (mean age = 8.11) were included in this meta-analysis. The primary results revealed significant improvement in total symptoms in the probiotics group compared with the controls (SMD = − 0.19, p = 0.03, ten studies, n = 522) but not the core symptoms (i.e., repetitive restricted behaviors, As affiliations 3 and 5 are same, we have deleted the duplicate affiliations and renumbered accordingly. Please check and confirm.problems with social behaviors/communication). Subgroup analyses demonstrated improvement in total symptoms in probiotics users relative to their controls only in studies using multiple-strain probiotics (SMD = − 0.26, p = 0.03, five studies, n = 288) but not studies using single-strain regimens. Secondary results showed improvement in adaptation (SMD = 0.37, p = 0.03, three studies, n = 139) and an improvement trend in anxiety symptoms in the probiotics group compared with controls (SMD = − 0.29, 95% CI − 0.60 to 0.02, p = 0.07, three studies, n = 163) but failed to demonstrate greater improvement in the former regarding symptoms of irritability/aggression, hyperactivity/impulsivity, inattention, and parental stress.

Conclusions

Our study supported probiotics use against the overall behavioral symptoms of ASD, mainly in individuals receiving multiple-strain probiotics as supplements. However, our results showed that probiotics use was only associated with improvement in adaptation and perhaps anxiety, but not core symptoms, highlighting the impact of adaptation on quality of life rather than just the core symptoms. Nevertheless, the limited number of included trials warrants further large-scale clinical investigations.
Utilising artificial intelligence for cultivating decorative plants
Authors: Salybekova Nurdana , Issayev Gani , Serzhanova Aikerim , Mikhailov Valery
Published: December 2024

Background

The research aims to assess the effectiveness of artificial intelligence models in predicting the risk level in tulip greenhouses using different varieties. The study was conducted in 2022 in the Almaty region, Panfilov village.

Results

Two groups of 10 greenhouses each (area 200 m2) were compared: the control group used standard monitoring methods, while the experimental group employed AI-based monitoring. We applied ANOVA, regression analysis, Bootstrap, and correlation analysis to evaluate the impact of factors on the risk level. The results demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in the risk level in the experimental group, where artificial intelligence models were employed, especially the recurrent neural network “Expert-Pro.” A comparison of different tulip varieties revealed differences in their susceptibility to risks. The results provide an opportunity for more effective risk management in greenhouse cultivation.

Conclusions

The high accuracy and sensitivity exhibited by the “Expert-Pro” model underscore its potential to enhance the productivity and resilience of crops. The research findings justify the theoretical significance of applying artificial intelligence in agriculture and its practical applicability for improving risk management efficiency in greenhouse cultivation conditions.
Subsurface structures around the subducting seamount illuminated by local earthquakes at the off-Ibaraki region, southern Japan Trench
Authors: Yoneshima Shinji , Mochizuki Kimihiro , Yamada Tomoaki , Shinohara Masanao
Published: December 2024

The off-Ibaraki region is a convergent margin at which a seamount subducts in the southern Japan Trench. At this off-Ibaraki region, an Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) experiment was conducted from before to after the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake. In this study area, a source region of the largest aftershock (Mw7.9) of the Tohoku-oki earthquake occurred and many subsequent aftershocks were recorded in the OBSs. An intensive event location was performed around the subducting seamount to reveal the spatiotemporal variation of the seismicity and the regional seismotectonics of this region. By applying a migration-based event location method to an Ocean Bottom Seismic network record of both P- and S-waves, over 20,000 events were determined in the off-Ibaraki region below ~ M4. The seismicity showed clear spatiotemporal patterns enough to identify the seismicity changes and geometry of the seismic interface. At the updip side, the shallow tectonic tremors and earthquakes are shown to be spatially complementary bounded by an updip limit of the seismogenic zone. At the downdip side, a semicircular low-seismicity zone was identified, which is possibly a rupture area of the Mw7.9 event. The event depth profile exhibited a gently sloped planar downdip interface subparallel to the subducting slab. This seismic plane is located about 8 km deeper than the plate interface and appears to be stably active from 2008 to 2011, although this study could not reveal its mechanism. A comparison with the active source seismic survey profiles exhibits that this planar downdip interface is several kilometers deeper than the top of the oceanic crust. After the Mw7.9 event, a high-angle downdip seismic interface was activated above the planar interface. Further, below the planar downdip interface, broadly scattered events occurred with a swarm manner. We successfully illuminated the complicated subsurface structures around the subducting seamount. It is suggested that most of the events occur along or below the plate interface as the top of the oceanic crust which could not be explained by the existing seamount subduction models. Further study in the future is needed to validate the conclusion of this study and then to construct a mechanism for this peculiar seismic interface.

Graphical Abstract
PRAME immunohistochemistry distinguishes nodal nevi from metastatic melanoma
Authors: da Silveira Hortência Gomes , Junior Hercilio Fronza , de Souza Campos Larissa D’Espirro , Stall Jaqueline , Blasius Rodrigo , Kricheski Camila , Silva Bruna Louise , de França Paulo Henrique Condeixa , de Paula Alves Coelho Karina Munhoz
Published: December 2024

Background

Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) is a promising immunohistochemical marker for distinguishing benign from malignant melanocytic lesions in lymph node deposits.

Objective

To evaluate PRAME expression in metastatic melanomas and nevi found in the sentinel lymph nodes of patients with primary melanoma.

Methods

Thirty patients, comprising 15 nodal nevi and 15 metastatic melanomas, were immunohistochemically analyzed for PRAME expression. Nuclear expression was scored as 0–25%, > 25–50%, > 50–75% or > 75% in tumor cells. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated considering nuclear expression of PRAME > 75% as positive cases.

Results

Cases previously diagnosed as nodal nevi were uniformly negative for PRAME. Conversely, all cases diagnosed as melanoma showed PRAME expression in more than 50% of the cells. Twelve cases showed expression above 75% of cells and were considered positive for calculations, resulting in sensitivity and specificity rates of 80% and 100%, respectively, with corresponding positive and negative predictive values of 100% and 83%.

Conclusions

A high level of PRAME immunoreactivity was identified in metastatic melanoma, suggesting that PRAME is a useful analytical tool for confirming the diagnosis of melanoma in a melanocytic nodal deposit.
The Formative Years of Atomic Agriculture in Pakistan in a Long-Term Perspective
Authors: Elli Mauro
Published: December 2024

This article considers atomic agriculture as the nexus between nuclear enthusiasm and the Green Revolution, focusing on the case of Pakistan. The beginning of atomic agriculture in Pakistan cannot be considered in isolation. The biographies of the scientists, the genealogies of the objects, the geographies of the research centers, the institutional relationships, and the continuity of political-economic requirements show that it was part of a broader and more complex historical process. Ideas of agricultural efficiency and productivity constitute the fil rouge linking the colonial past with the postcolonial condition. Using internal documentation of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission and other unpublished sources, this article investigates the formative years of atomic agriculture in Pakistan. In so doing, it argues for the relevance of agriculture in a nuclear program centered on fuel cycle engineering; the importance of taking a long-term perspective on the relationships between atomic agriculture and agricultural research in general; and the significance of the concrete implementation of atomic agriculture from the early 1960s to the mid-1970s.
Without Anger and Partiality”
Authors: Hamblin Jacob Darwin
Published: December 2024

This article explores atomic agriculture through the lens of political shelter, focusing on examples from the United States, the Soviet Union, and the International Atomic Energy Agency. Enthusiasm for atomic energy techniques, especially in the 1950s and early 1960s, was an abnormality in the sense that their perceived value—to society possibly, to governments certainly—overruled conventional arguments. Though later debates about atomic energy often revolved around safety and health effects, most of the early criticisms were more mundane, typically turning on whether they ever would be economically viable. Occasionally the criticism was more severe, as when discussing mutation plant breeding in the Soviet Union. What we find in exploring agricultural techniques in atomic energy, in national contexts as well as at international agencies, is how routinely experts pointed out that these approaches were promising but ultimately inferior. Yet they were pursued anyway, boosted by the priorities of governments and government-funded international agencies. The political and military value of atomic energy sheltered individual scientists, laboratories, and entire research programs from skepticism and outright criticism.
The Mentor
Authors: Als Hilton
Published: December 2024

In this chapter, Hilton Als meditates on the legacy of queerness left by Beauford Delaney for Black artists. Als imagines the initial encounter between Delaney and James Baldwin in New York City and their recognition of each other as queer Black outsiders.
Baldwin and Delaney Tell the Story Using Yellows and the Blues
Authors: O'Meally Robert G.
Published: December 2024

In this chapter, Robert G. O’Meally takes seriously James Baldwin’s statement (quoting one of his key models, Henry James) that in a cruel and sorrowful life, Black artists can use blues music to make their way through a blues-beset world. The chapter considers how both Baldwin and Beauford Delaney use images of light to put blues-sorrows into perspective. The chapter offers a new reading of Baldwin’s major short story “Sonny’s Blues” in the context of Delaney’s lessons to Baldwin as the latter matures as an author. The essay proposes a theory of reading visual art and literature that is based on terms articulated by Toni Morrison, namely, a theory of liquidity in the arts.
Yellow Light, Black Abstraction
Authors: Muyumba Walton
Published: December 2024

In this chapter, Walton Muyumba observes that while the claim is provocative that James Baldwin’s “Sonny’s Blues” is his homage to Beauford Delaney, the author actually has doubled himself within the short story: Sonny, the improvising artist, and his brother, the narrator-as-critic, are both versions of Baldwin. Even more significant is how, as Delaney’s work became more abstract in the 1950s and 1960s, Baldwin was propelled toward critical abstraction. What he arrived at is a credo of ethical shattering: for Baldwin, to move toward the end of a project was not to finalize it but to force the reader/viewer/listener into an abstractionist self-interrogation, one that shatters preconceptions and drives us to that place where we must disassociate ourselves from ourselves in order to do the close interrogation needed for social renewal.
In a Speculative Light
Authors: Sprecher Jered
Published: December 2024

In this chapter, Jered Sprecher discusses Beauford Delaney’s commitment to portraiture as an embodiment of transactional beauty. Delaney attempted to draw not only the physical likeness but also the “inner light” of his subjects. This commitment prompted artists Joshua Bienko, Eleanor Conover, Rubens Ghenov, Mary Laube, Lilly Saywitz, and Sprecher himself to create the Portrait Project at the 2020 University of Tennessee-Knoxville symposium on Delaney. The Portrait Project combined an implicit tribute to Delaney with an art studio and what became a warm, friendly communal meeting space on campus. During the run of the symposium, the artists participated in ninety-minute drawing sessions, producing portraits of symposium attendees (some presented in this essay) in what all felt to be an enacted “economy of generosity” prompted by Delaney’s own aesthetics of portraiture.