bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blake’s Songs, Their Introductions and the Bible
Authors: Jose Chiramel Paul
Published: May 2017

Although William Blake was highly eclectic and drawing from multifarious sources, religious system, philosophical thoughts and traditions, the Bible was Blake’s most predominant concern. Throughout his life of meticulous and tedious composite art Blake aimed at decoding the Bible as the Great Code of Art for helping people to be imaginative and visionary like Jesus Christ. Both in his complex and sophisticated prophetic works, meant for the illuminated people, and in his deceptively simple lyrics of the Songs of Innocence and of Experience, meant for the rank and file of society, Blake did keep this up. The present study is an attempt to focus on this element, by delving deep into the texts and designs of the Introductions of Songs of Innocence as well as of Songs of Experience, inevitably considering the totality of Blake’s works and in the special context of their marked allegiance or affinity to the themes and symbols from the Bible. Blake visualized a blend of lamblike meekness and mildness with the ferocity of tigers of wrath for having the human form divine perfect.
The Effectiveness of an Interactive Training Program in Developing a Set of Non-Cognitive Skills in Students at University of Petra
Authors: Gheith Eman , Aljaberi Nahil M.
Published: May 2017

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of interactive training programs in developing a set of non-cognitive skills in students at the University of Petra. Furthermore, it sought to examine the impact of the sex, academic year, and university major variables on developing these skills in students who underwent the training program, as well as whether a correlation exists between the GPA of students in the experimental group and how they acquired these non-cognitive skills. The study focused on the following six non-cognitive skills: (a) locus of control; (b) planning; (c) empathy; (d) self-confidence; (e) growth mindset; and (f) grit. The study sample was randomly distributed into three groups: the first (Group A) attended an interactive training program; the second (B) attended a training course using a traditional teaching strategy; while the third (C) did not attend any programs whatsoever. The researchers have designed an interactive training program and a questionnaire to measure the sample’s non-cognitive skills on all six dimensions. The results indicate statistically significant differences between the different teaching methods used on all three groups (A, B, and C) in the overall test, as well as on three dimensions of empathy, growth mindset, and grit in favor of the experimental group (A). Additionally, findings have revealed no significant differences in the extent to which students in the experimental group (A) have acquired non-cognitive skills on the variables of sex, academic year, and university major. Moreover, the study did not show significant correlation between the extent to which students acquired these non-cognitive skills and their GPAs.
Housing, Finance, Policy and the Wider Economy
Authors: Winkler Sabine
Published: May 2017

Building an understanding of the complex dynamics between housing, finance, policy and the wider economy is a critical step towards the development of a strategy that permits policy makers to leverage resources and enable the housing market to function better in the pursuit of economic, financial and social objectives. Powerful real, legislative and financial circuits suggest that an enabling strategy for housing can support societal progress and wellbeing. By summarizing the key findings in the existing theoretical and empirical literature, this study helps to explain the complex interrelations between housing, finance, policy and the wider economy by using a simple model; it also deals with housing-related policies and their effects, examines the rational for housing market regulation, investigates whether housing market corrections threaten financial and macroeconomic stability, and asks whether policies are efficacious at controlling housing market outcomes. The important takeaways from this study are: (i) policy setting should be evidence-based, which necessitates further efforts to address existing data deficiencies; (ii) finance trends are in flux and policy effects can be asymmetric, which necessitates regular and critical housing market reviews to identify misallocation, dislocation and reform needs; (iii) improvement in the functioning of the housing market requires a coordinating authority that takes steps to reconcile the various housing market stakeholders’ mutually incompatible interests and arrange for concerted policy and institutional reforms. The study closes with an outlook on future research.
Бүтэн навчит хонлэн (lagotis integrifolia schischk)- гоос ялгасан диосметиний бүтцийн судалгаа
Authors: Ч Эрдэнэчимэг , С Пүрэвсүрэн , Ч Чимэдрагчаа , Б Ганпүрэв , Д Батсүрэн
Published: May 2017

Lagotis integrifolia (Willd.) Schischk is an ingredient of the many traditional prescriptions andused for the treatment of fever, blood disorder, vitals disorder, diphtheria, anthrax, and pneumonia in Mongolian traditional medicine. A compound was isolated by column chromatography and HPLC methods. Molecular structures of them were elucidated by MS, 1H, 13С, HSQC, HMBC and 1Н-1Н COSY NMR method. We purified and identified as 7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) chromen-4-one (diosmetin) from the aerial parts of Lagotis integrifolia (Willd.)Schischk. Diosmetin has been obtained from this species for the first time
Дунд масштабын геоморфологийн зураг боловсруулах аргазүйн асуудалд
Authors: Б Баянжаргал , М Нямхүү
Published: May 2017

In order to classify morphology and morphogenetic features of Mongolian eastern region, it is based on the field study measurements, high accurate digital elevation model (DEM), large scale topographical map and targeted to use mapping methodology on chosen territory. We have used geomorphological mapping traditional method and modern advanced technology for this study. As a result, we have received more precise results. According to describing of Mechislav Klimaschewski: Geomorphological map must include appearance, size, origin, age, location of morphology, some information of boundaries between them, also morphometry, morphography, morphogenetic and morph chronical information. As a result of this study, we have mapped geomorphological map based on principle of morphogenetic. This map is consists of 4 groups, 12 features, 58 sub features of origin, and map legends are imaged by map symbols and different colors. Depending on map scale, some morphological features which are impossible to denote are denoted by point and line symbols.
Sustainable Development of Pathology in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Example From Ghana
Authors: Stalsberg Helge , Adjei Ernest Kwasi , Owusu-Afriyie Osei , Isaksen Vidar
Published: May 2017

Context.—

Pathology services are poorly developed in Sub-Saharan Africa. Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, asked for help from the pathology department of the University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø.

Objective.—

To reestablish surgical pathology and cytology in an African pathology department in which these functions had ceased completely, and to develop the department into a self-supporting unit of good international standard and with the capacity to train new pathologists.

Design.—

Medical technologists from Kumasi were trained in histotechnology in Norway, they were returned to Kumasi, and they produced histologic slides that were temporarily sent to Norway for diagnosis. Two Ghanaian doctors received pathology training for 4 years in Norway. Mutual visits by pathologists and technologists from the 2 hospitals were arranged for the introduction of immunohistochemistry and cytology. Pathologists from Norway visited Kumasi for 1 month each year during 2007–2010. Microscopes and immunohistochemistry equipment were provided from Norway. Other laboratory equipment and a new building were provided by the Ghanaian hospital.

Results.—

The Ghanaian hospital had a surgical pathology service from the first project year. At 11 years after the start of the project, the services included autopsy, surgical pathology, cytopathology, frozen sections, and limited use of immunohistochemistry, and the department had 10 residents at different levels of training.

Conclusions.—

A Ghanaian pathology department that performed autopsies only was developed into a self-supported department with surgical pathology, cytology, immunohistochemistry, and frozen section service, with an active residency program and the capacity for further development that is independent from assistance abroad.
Analytic Validation of Immunohistochemical Assays: A Comparison of Laboratory Practices Before and After Introduction of an Evidence-Based Guideline
Authors: Fitzgibbons Patrick L. , Goldsmith Jeffrey D. , Souers Rhona J. , Fatheree Lisa A. , Volmar Keith E. , Stuart Lauren N. , Nowak Jan A. , Astles J. Rex , Nakhleh Raouf E.
Published: May 2017

Context.—

Laboratories must demonstrate analytic validity before any test can be used clinically, but studies have shown inconsistent practices in immunohistochemical assay validation.

Objective.—

To assess changes in immunohistochemistry analytic validation practices after publication of an evidence-based laboratory practice guideline.

Design.—

A survey on current immunohistochemistry assay validation practices and on the awareness and adoption of a recently published guideline was sent to subscribers enrolled in one of 3 relevant College of American Pathologists proficiency testing programs and to additional nonsubscribing laboratories that perform immunohistochemical testing. The results were compared with an earlier survey of validation practices.

Results.—

Analysis was based on responses from 1085 laboratories that perform immunohistochemical staining. Of 1057 responses, 65.4% (691) were aware of the guideline recommendations before this survey was sent and 79.9% (550 of 688) of those have already adopted some or all of the recommendations. Compared with the 2010 survey, a significant number of laboratories now have written validation procedures for both predictive and nonpredictive marker assays and specifications for the minimum numbers of cases needed for validation. There was also significant improvement in compliance with validation requirements, with 99% (100 of 102) having validated their most recently introduced predictive marker assay, compared with 74.9% (326 of 435) in 2010. The difficulty in finding validation cases for rare antigens and resource limitations were cited as the biggest challenges in implementing the guideline.

Conclusions.—

Dissemination of the 2014 evidence-based guideline validation practices had a positive impact on laboratory performance; some or all of the recommendations have been adopted by nearly 80% of respondents.
Muliats et Avant les rues : la politique de l’oeuvre hétérolinguale
Authors: Chagnon Karina
Published: May 2017

Ce texte propose d’étudier deux oeuvres récentes, la pièce de théâtre Muliats des Productions Menuentakuan (2016) et le film Avant les rues de Chloé Leriche (2016). Ces oeuvres collectives de traduction et de non-traduction permettent une réflexion sur l’appropriation de différents dispositifs intermédiaux en vue de faire exister, dans l’espace public, les langues innue et atikamekw dans une intimité hétérolinguale avec le français québécois.
Le tiers synesthète : espace d’accueil pour la création en langue des signes1
Authors: Chateauvert Julie
Published: May 2017

Le présent texte s’interroge sur l’espace cognitif à ouvrir afin de rendre possible, au sein de la théorie littéraire et artistique, une réception entière des oeuvres de création en langues des signes. Il propose le développement d’une théorie de l’oeuvre et de la réception comme geste politique nous rendant apte à répondre à l’invitation de Rada Iveković pour parvenir à traduire contre la violence.
El assessment center como herramienta de evaluación en el espacio europeo de educación superior. Una aproximación teórica descriptiva
Authors: Olaz Capitán Ángel José
Published: May 2017

En el contexto del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior es posible apreciar una gran correlación entre la oferta académica y la demanda laboral de los empleadores. Este hecho requiere de un conjunto de herramientas con el fin de identificar cuáles son esas competencias con valor de mercado, de acuerdo a cada grado y establecer parámetros para adaptarlo mejor a los estudiantes, futuros trabajadores, en un mercado global. En este sentido, el Centro de Evaluación (AC) es una técnica diseñada para medir la calificación del alumno, a través de competencias, teniendo en cuenta las demandas específicas del mercado de trabajo, con el fin de estudiar, desarrollar y agregar valor al conjunto de conocimientos, capacidades y las habilidades que la sociedad demanda de espacio académico. En otras palabras, el AC se convierte en un interesante método para medir el grado de desarrollo de las competencias adquiridas por los estudiantes, a través de un conjunto de situaciones predefinidas y pruebas en busca de la transferencia al puesto de trabajo.
Estudiantes universitarios en riesgo de exclusión: una aproximación a una realidad social oculta
Authors: García Barrios Débora , Méndez-Ulrich Jorge Luis
Published: May 2017

La reciente recesión y la crisis económica en España han supuesto un duro impacto en las condiciones de vida de la población. En el presente estudio se profundiza en el impacto de la crisis sobre el acceso a los estudios superiores, así como en los comportamientos relacionados con la exclusión social que los estudiantes universitarios han realizado o serían capaces de realizar con el único propósito de costearse su educación. Para ello, 96 estudiantes contestaron voluntariamente una encuesta cuyo objetivo era evaluar su situación sociolaboral y detectar posibles situaciones de riesgo social. La mayor parte de participantes percibía su situación económica como media o baja a pesar de que muchos trabajaban, lo que sugiere que lo hacen precariamente. También se observó un alarmante número de estudiantes que habían realizado conductas relacionadas con la exclusión como trabajar sin contrato, traficar con drogas, e incluso se detectó un caso de prostitución. Se observaron diferencias de género en cuanto a trabajar sin contrato, traficar con drogas o ejercer la prostitución. Además, los estudiantes con menor nivel económico estaban especialmente expuestos a estas situaciones. por lo que estaríamos ante de un nuevo fenómeno: los estudios universitarios como puerta de entrada a la exclusión social. Finalmente, se comentan las limitaciones del estudio y se destaca la necesidad de profundizar en el abordaje de esta realidad social.
Explorando el éxito y el fracaso escolar como objeto de estudio. Una consulta a expertos en el campo de la sociología de la educación y la pedagogía
Authors: Soler Penadés Víctor
Published: May 2017

Este estudio tiene el objetivo de deconstruir y reconstruir las nociones de éxito y fracaso escolar, desde un punto de vista fundamentalmente holístico y procesual, cualitativo e interpretativo, y desde las herramientas que ofrece la sociología de la educación. Su principal objetivo ha sido el de aportar elementos para comprender mejor esta problemática y contribuir a la conceptualización de estas nociones. Concretamente, este artículo explora en el significado y el sentido de estas nociones, así como en modelos de éxito y fracaso escolar, partiendo del análisis de discursos de expertos/as en esta materia.
¿Cómo deciden les jóvenes la transición a la educación postobligatoria? Diferencias entre centros públicos y privados-concertados
Authors: Elias Andreu Marina , Daza Pérez Lidia
Published: May 2017

El objetivo del presente artículo es examinar el papel que juega la titularidad del centro en el que se cursa la educación secundaria obligatoria (ESO) en la decisión de transitar a la educación postobligatoria. En dicha encrucijada se contemplan también otras variables que se han constatado de gran peso en la toma de decisión como son las notas previas obtenidas, el nivel formativo familiar, el sexo, las expectativas y las aspiraciones, partiendo del modelo decisional de transiciones educativas[1] que contempla el modelo de Boudon sobre los efectos primarios y secundarios. Los resultados obtenidos son los derivados de un estudio tipo panel que se inicia con la entrevista a jóvenes de secundaria a los 15 años, de diferentes institutos de la ciudad de Barcelona, cuando están cursando el último año de la ESO, y se les vuelve a entrevistar en los dos años siguientes para saber cuál ha sido su trayectoria y experiencia educativa. Los análisis llevados a cabo permiten afirmar que el nivel formativo familiar es el factor que tiene una mayor incidencia en el rendimiento de los jóvenes, pero no en la elección de qué hacer al finalizar la ESO, donde pesa más la titularidad del centro. [1] Se puede consultar su explicación completa y extendida en la página web del grupo GRET (Troiano, 2015) http://grupsderecerca.uab.cat/gret/content/un-modelo-conceptual-para-el-an%C3%A1lisis-de-la-decisi%C3%B3n-de-ir-la-universidad-y-de-la-elecci%C3%B3n, consultado 26 de marzo de 2015.
La sociología de la educación y la teoría del reconocimiento de Axel Honneth
Authors: Rebelo Mauricio , Hernàndez Francesc J. , Herzog Benno
Published: May 2017

El artículo relaciona la teoría del reconocimiento de Axel Honneth y la sociología de la educación. Hace una exposición breve de las formulaciones y reformulaciones de la teoría del reconocimiento y explica las relaciones de la educación con los modos de reconocimiento. El artículo critica las perspectivas dialógicas y comenta las posibilidades para el análisis de las prácticas educativas. Por último, se introduce la noción de reconocimiento anticipatorio y se relaciona la teoría con los procesos de aprendizaje y con la noción de semiformación.-----The article relates the recognition theory of Axel Honneth and the sociology of education. It gives a brief exposition of the formulations and reformulations of the theory of recognition and explains the relations of education with modes of recognition. The article criticizes the dialogical perspectives and discusses the possibilities for the analysis of educational practices. Finally, the notion of anticipatory recognition is introduced and the theory is related to the learning processes and to the notion of semiformation.
De la sociología del conocer a la sociología del conocimiento: la teoría de los códigos de legitimación
Authors: Romero Reche Alejandro
Published: May 2017

Reseña del libro "Knowledge and Knowers. Towards a Realist Sociology of Education" (2014), de Karl Maton, publicado por Routledge.
Contra les aules
Authors: Giner Jordi
Published: May 2017

Contra les aules (Contra las aulas, València, Ed. Tres i Quatre, 2016) es un libro de memorias escrito por Tomás Llopis, un profesor valenciano recién jubilado. El propio título del libro es un equívoco con el que juega Llopis, como también lo hace con la elección de una de las citas célebres del también maestro valenciano Carles Salvador con la que abre el volumen “Si enderroquéssim l’escola, quin bell centre d’interés” (“si derribáramos la escuela, qué bello centro de interés”). No es esta una declaración contra la escuela como tal si no más bien contra los muros, los físicos pero también los administrativos y los ideológicos, que la han constreñido históricamente y lo siguen haciendo hoy en día.
Permanência na educação superior no Brasil: construção de uma escala de medida
Authors: Castelo Branco Uyguaciara Veloso , Nakamura Paulo Hideo , Jezine Edineide
Published: May 2017

O presente trabalho integra o projeto “Políticas de Educação Superior: os desafios da inclusão, acesso e permanência no contexto da expansão das Universidades Federais” (Edital Universal CNPq. Nº 14/2013) e tem por objetivo apresentar a construção e validação da Escala para Avaliação da Permanência Discente (Nakamura; Castelo Branco; Jezine, 2016), que intenciona avaliar os fatores que possibilitam a permanência de alunos na educação superior brasileira. Utilizamos, como suporte teórico, os trabalhos de alguns autores, a exemplo de Ronsoni (2014); Sguissardi (2009); Ristoff (1999; 2011); Neves; Raizer; Fachinetto (2007); Baggi; Lopes (2011); Zago; Pereira; Paixão (2015); Zago (2006); Polydoro (2000); e Bittar; Oliveira; Morosini (2013). São apresentados os passos seguidos para submissão do instrumento a um grupo de expertises e o uso da Lógica Paraconsistente (Da Costa, 1999; Abe, 1992; Subrahmanian, 1987) como critério de validação dos resultados obtidos. Na primeira etapa do processo de validação, a semântica, constatou-se que a análise de pertinência e relevância apontou que a escala é adequada e coerente, para a obtenção de informações relativas à permanência do estudante em determinado curso superior, obtendo mediana igual a 5. Na segunda etapa, a de consistência, constatou-se, a partir do processo de validação aplicado, a lógica paraconsistente anotada, LPA2v, que a escala construída é consistente e que as proposições não produziram contradições e foram suficientes, não sendo detectada falta de informação.
La medida de la investigación en educación y su impacto social: las revistas de educación en Iberoamérica en los índices bibliométricos internacionales
Authors: Alcántara Santuario Armando , Márquez Jiménez Alejandro
Published: May 2017

Las revistas académicas han sido uno de los vehículos más importantes en la difusión del conocimiento científico, humanístico y artístico. Últimamente han adquirido mayor preeminencia por la globalización y el desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC). En los años 60 del siglo pasado comenzaron los primeros trabajos cuantitativos relacionados con el análisis numérico y estadístico de las revistas científicas, dando paso a la cienciometría, la infometría y la bibliometría. Estas disciplinas aportaron importantes conclusiones sobre los aspectos medibles de la ciencia. La información disponible comenzó a utilizarse para evaluar la producción, el desempeño y la pertinencia de la política científica de los países. Indicadores como el total de artículos publicados, el número de citas de cada artículo y el “índice de impacto” de las revistas, pasaron a ser considerados criterios de calidad del trabajo científico. Con ello se transformaron las funciones sociales que inicialmente cubrían las revistas científicas (la rápida difusión del conocimiento científico, la protección de la autoría de los investigadores y de la veracidad de los nuevos descubrimientos) y se volvieron instrumentos para medir la productividad de los investigadores, las instituciones y los países. En este artículo se presentan los resultados preliminares de un proyecto para analizar los efectos que produce en las revistas académicas de los países de Iberoamérica el nuevo uso que se asigna a la información bibliométrica. Los hallazgos muestran que son muy pocas las revistas científicas en educación publicadas en Iberoamérica que están incluidas en los principales índices internacionales.
A tradução da política de avaliação pelos programas de pós-graduação em educação no Brasil
Authors: Hostins Regina Célia Linhares
Published: May 2017

O artigo se insere no âmbito dos estudos sobre políticas educacionais, notadamente sobre as políticas de avaliação da pós-graduação em Educação, intensificadas no Brasil, na década de 1990, com a reforma educacional de matriz neoliberal. Busca-se analisar os processos de interpretação e tradução da política pelos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação que, na avaliação do triênio 2010, emergiram do conceito 5 para 6, alcançando o patamar de excelência, equivalente ao dos centros internacionais de pesquisa na área. Trata-se de pesquisa documental, cujas fontes de análise são documentos produzidos:1) pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES, vinculada ao Ministério da Educação e responsável pela regulação das políticas de pós-graduação no Brasil; 2) pelos Programas de pós-graduação e postados no sistema de coleta CAPES, nos anos que compuseram a avaliação trienal 2010 (2007-2009). Os documentos estão disponíveis no site da CAPES e são de acesso livre. O estudo tem como base teórico-metodológica, a teoria da interpretação/tradução da política no contexto da prática (Theory of policy  enactment) proposta por Ball, Maguire e Braun. Os resultados indicam que a política de avaliação, mesmo que altamente delimitada e configurada por rígidos critérios e padrões internacionais não é simplesmente implementada – linear e acriticamente – no contexto da prática. Nos limites consentidos, nos variados contextos relacionais envolvidos, os atores produzem uma leitura ativa dos textos da política, que se transforma em objeto de recontextualização, reconfiguração e tradução.
Para discutir la hegemonía epistémica evaluativa eurocéntrica: un enfoque exploratorio
Authors: Afonso Almerindo Janela
Published: May 2017

En el presente artículo pretendo, de una forma aún exploratoria, reunir algunos presupuestos de las teorías poscoloniales/descoloniales para elaborar un pensamiento crítico sobre la hegemonía de determinadas políticas, procesos e instrumentos de evaluación (o de medición educativa), que son claramente eurocéntricos (o euroamericanos) y que integran la actual agenda educativa global. Sin pretender contribuir para subsanar cualquier posible laguna pero reconociendo que, a pesar de las conocidas excepciones, el campo de las políticas de evaluación se encuentra relativamente saturado por abordajes repetitivos y previsibles, me resulta llamativa la capacidad hermenéutica de los presupuestos poscoloniales/descoloniales, cuya presencia en el campo del pensamiento crítico es cada vez más inevitable. Entre otros aspectos, quisiera llamar la atención sobre la urgencia en la construcción de relaciones y condiciones más justas y democráticas entre los diferentes países del sistema-mundial, especialmente en lo que se refiere a la producción del conocimiento, a través de la evaluación. En este sentido, si los países periféricos o semi-periféricos del sistema-mundial, en diferentes zonas del globo, adoptan de manera acrítica los indicadores definidos por el centro o no son capaces de resistir a la dominación cognitiva, o bien no cuestionan la integración subordinada en programas de evaluación comparativa internacional (como PISA y el AHELO), en cuanto instrumentos al servicio de una hegemonía epistémica eurocéntrica y euroamericana, la agenda educativa global continuará consolidándose únicamente como la expresión de los intereses del capitalismo, ampliando así, cada vez más, la colonialidad del conocimiento científico y evaluativo.
La medida de la calidad educativa: acerca de los rankings universitarios
Authors: Montané López Alejandra , Beltrán Llavador José , Teodoro António
Published: May 2017

En el presente texto se revisa desde una perspectiva crítica la construcción de sistemas transnacionales de evaluación de la calidad a través de los rankings internacionales. En la primera parte, reflexionamos sobre el concepto de calidad y presentamos diferentes tipos de rankings: los denominados League Tables (ARWU, THE, QS) y los centrados en resultados de investigación (SCImago Institutions Ranking). Una vez conocidas las características y posibles utilidades de los mismos, analizamos dialógicamente una serie de riesgos a tener en cuenta para acabar incidiendo de nuevo en el modelo de calidad que proponen y sus posibles efectos.
Pierre Bourdieu, de Michael James Grenfell
Authors: Pecourt Juan
Published: May 2017

En su trabajo Pierre Bourdieu, Michael James Grenfell presenta una visión comprensiva sobre la investigación educativa del sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu que resulta de gran interés. El título del libro puede resultar engañoso, ya que sugiere una presentación general de su trabajo sociológico, cuando en realidad se trata de una indagación sobre su interpretación del mundo educativo.
Experiência religiosa e Psicologia: contribuições da fenomenologia segundo Ales Bello
Authors: Fernandes Marcio Luiz
Published: May 2017

A abordagem de Ales Bello constitui uma referência importante para a compreensão dos processos e relações estabelecidas entre a fenomenologia e a psicologia, sobretudo no que se refere às pesquisas qualitativas realizadas no Brasil. A comunidade humana e intelectual, criada em torno da escola romana de fenomenologia sob a inspiração dos seus trabalhos, coloca em prática um procedimento metodológico em círculos concêntricos, cujo objetivo é realizar um processo contínuo de aprofundamento das questões em torno da subjetividade e do sentido do sagrado. Do ponto de vista da história da psicologia, é necessário lembrar que a própria fenomenologia nasceu a partir da solicitação e das ambições da nascente ciência, a fim de oferecer à pesquisa psicológica as necessárias indicações para as perguntas a respeito do significado da vida psíquica e dos atos psíquicos. Neste particular, a contribuição de Ales Bello foi significativa, porque no âmbito da psicologia acadêmica brasileira ela indicou que o retorno às fontes da pesquisa fenomenológica permitiria não somente compreender o que representava esta nova escola filosófica, mas revelou a estreita relação de Husserl e seus discípulos na elaboração das bases teóricas para a psicologia.
Effects of Osteopathic Manipulative Therapy on Pain and Mood Disorders in Patients With High-Frequency Migraine
Authors: D’Ippolito Mariagrazia , Tramontano Marco , Buzzi Maria Gabriella
Published: May 2017

Context

The substantial functional impairment associated with migraine has both physical and emotional ramifications. Mood disorders are often comorbid in patients with migraine and are known to adversely affect migraine activity.

Objectives

To explore the effects of osteopathic manipulative therapy (OMTh; manipulative care provided by foreign-trained osteopaths) on pain and mood disorders in patients with high-frequency migraine.

Methods

Retrospective review of the medical records of patients with high-frequency migraine who were treated with OMTh at the Headache Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia from 2011 to 2015. Clinical assessments were made using the Headache Disability Inventory (HDI), the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) forms X-1 and X-2.

Results

Medical records of 11 patients (6 women; mean age, 47.5 [7.8] years) with a diagnosis of high-frequency migraine who participated in an OMTh program met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. When the questionnaire scores obtained at the first visit (T0) and after 4 OMTh sessions (T1) were compared, significant improvement in scores were observed on STAI X-2 (T0: 43.18 [2.47]; T1: 39.45 [2.52]; P<.05), HIT-6 (T0: 63 [2.20]; T1: 56.27 [2.24]; P<.05), and HDI (T0: 58.72 [6.75]; T1: 45.09 [7.01]; P<.05).

Conclusion

This preliminary study revealed that patients with high-frequency migraine and comorbid mood disorders showed significant improvement after four 45-minute OMTh sessions. Further investigation into the effects of OMTh on pain and mood disorders in patients with high-frequency migraine is needed.
Sobre puntos de la gramática particularmente resistentes al cambio: cuatro (largos) siglos en la evolución de las relativas oblicuas de lugar. Un análisis variacionista
Authors: Blas Arroyo José Luis , Velando Casanova Mónica
Published: May 2017

Mediante la utilización del paradigma variacionista y el empleo de un corpus integrado por textos de inmediatez comunicativa, mayoritariamente de carácter epistolar, en esta investigación se analiza un caso de la sintaxis particularmente resistente al cambio: la alternancia entre soluciones pronominales (que y, en menor medida, cual) y adverbiales (donde) en las relativas oblicuas locativas desde el siglo XVI hasta la primera mitad del XX. De los tres análisis de regresión independientes realizados, uno por cada periodo  (siglos XVI, XVIII y XX), se deriva un avance paulatino, aunque moderado, de las formas pronominales a lo largo de los siglos y la progresiva disminución del adverbio donde. Con todo, algunos factores lingüísticos se revelan especialmente persistentes en la explicación de la variabilidad (semántica, función sintáctica y categoría del antecedente, junto al priming estructural y la sintaxis de la cláusula regente), lo que dificulta la progresión del cambio. Con respecto a los factores extralingüísticos, la frecuencia de los relativos pronominales en los contextos comunicativos más distantes, así como su uso preferente por parte de las élites sociales y las generaciones adultas, muestra que estas formas se han adscrito a lo largo de la historia a los registros más formales y prestigiosos.
Aspect and Argument structure in adjectival passives
Authors: García-Pardo Alfredo
Published: May 2017

This paper investigates the patterns regarding the (un)availability of by-phrases and agent-oriented modification in adjectival passives in Spanish. Departing from the observation that adjectival participles derived from change-of-state verbs ban agent-oriented modification but those derived from stative causative verbs allow it, I put forth a novel theoretical account that derives the restrictions solely from the Aktionsart of the underlying verbal predicate, syntactically modelled and independently motivated. I extend my proposal to German and Hebrew, which display a similar behavior, and propose a parametric account for languages like Greek that freely allow by-phrases and agent-oriented modification regardless of the Aktionsart of the underlying verbal predicate.
Beliefs on Learning and Teaching Language Components: The Case of Iranian EAP and EFL Learners
Authors: Parsi Gholamreza
Published: May 2017

The present study intended to investigate the possible difference between EAP and EFL learners’ beliefs concerning learning and teaching of language components, namely, vocabulary, pronunciation and grammar. Furthermore, this study examined the association between EAP and EFL learners’ beliefs and their language components’ development. To this end, 231 undergraduate EAP (117) and EFL (114) learners at Ferdowsi University took part in the study by completing a five-point Likert scale questionnaire adapted from Simon and Taverniers (2011). The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts’ judgment and factor analysis. Moreover using Cronbach alpha coefficient the questionnaire was found acceptably reliable (α=0.88). Furthermore, for language components’ development, the EAP learners’ scores in English course and EFL learners’ average scores in their Basic English courses were taken into account. The results of an Independent Samples t-test revealed that there existed a statistically significant difference between EAP and EFL learners’ beliefs on learning and teaching language components. Furthermore, the results of Pearson correlation coefficients indicated a statistically significant positive association between EFL learners’ beliefs and their language components’ development, however no statistically significant correlation was found between EAP learners’ beliefs and their language components’ development.
Lexical priming in humorous discourse
Authors: Goatly Andrew
Published: May 2017

This article discusses the relationship between lexical priming and humour. Since incongruity, unpredictability and ambiguity are often associated with humour theory, the article explores the possibility that many jokes or unintended humour depend upon the overriding of lexical priming. Using the Cobuild Bank of English to investigate priming using collocational statistics, the article analyses eight jokes/humorous utterances to demonstrate and test this possibility. While in many cases humour can be explained by cancelling priming, there are some interesting exceptions which are discussed. Finally, an attempt is made to place the idea of cancelling lexical priming in the context of the theory of humour as liberation.
Humour and laughter as vestiges of evolution
Authors: Viana Amadeu
Published: May 2017

This paper argues in favour of considering humour and laughter as embodied signs of the ancient, sympathetic, figurative mode of the human mind, still working with us in dance, music, singing and literary activity. Starting from steady evolutionary provisos, both the continuity and the departing lines between nonhuman vocalisations and human laughter are considered. Along the Duchenne and non-Duchenne expression types, we analyse the developmental extension of laughter, both social and cognitive, probably under complex imitative forms through millennia until the emergence of articulated languages. Then, we try to explain the particular attachment of humour and laughter to evolutionary achievements in the symbolic domain. Thus, from a cognitive and semiotic framework, here it is argued that the old signal of play and joy might have evolved on a par with full connectivity and unbounded associations promoted by symbolic activity, clinging to new meanings and abilities, but still governed by the conjoined social work of sanction and solidarity, a pattern that humour shows all over around. As a particular reflex of ancient multimodality, laughter (with humour) seems akin to participative, mythical modes of thinking that were in full force and effect at the beginning of human societies, rooted in metaphors and figurativeness. Since both humour and laughter still find their way in the contemporary contexts of free associations, human projections and extended agentivity, they could be properly considered as the embodied, old counterpart of the imaginative dimension of symbolic activity.
Rituals decrease the neural response to performance failure
Authors: Hobson Nicholas M. , Bonk Devin , Inzlicht Michael
Published: May 2017

Rituals are found in all types of performance domains, from high-stakes athletics and military to the daily morning preparations of the working family. Yet despite their ubiquity and widespread importance for humans, we know very little of ritual’s causal basis and how (if at all) they facilitate goal-directed performance. Here, in a fully pre-registered pre/post experimental design, we examine a candidate proximal mechanism, the error-related negativity (ERN), in testing the prediction that ritual modulates neural performance-monitoring. Participants completed an arbitrary ritual—novel actions repeated at home over one week—followed by an executive function task in the lab during electroencephalographic (EEG) recording. Results revealed that relative to pre rounds, participants showed a reduced ERN in the post rounds, after completing the ritual in the lab. Despite a muted ERN, there was no evidence that the reduction in neural monitoring led to performance deficit (nor a performance improvement). Generally, the findings are consistent with the longstanding view that ritual buffers against uncertainty and anxiety. Our results indicate that ritual guides goal-directed performance by regulating the brain’s response to personal failure.
Increasing game prices may alter farmers’ behaviours towards leopards (Panthera pardus) and other carnivores in South Africa
Authors: Pirie Tara J. , Thomas Rebecca L. , Fellowes Mark D.E.
Published: May 2017

Human-carnivore conflict occurs globally, particularly in regions where large carnivores predate livestock. Retaliatory killings do occur, and although predation of livestock by carnivores happens, losses from other factors such as disease or injury can be misattributed because of landowner perceptions. Game farming for both trophy hunting and eco-tourism is becoming increasingly common in South Africa, and there has been a rapid increase in the cost of game animals (in some species as much as five-fold) between 2010 and 2015. This could result in an increase in conflict between commercial game farmers and carnivores. We conducted two questionnaire surveys of farmers in 2010 and 2015 to investigate this. We asked if there had been changes in farming practices, perceived predator activity, perceived amount of livestock and commercial game losses, and actions taken towards carnivores in a South African farming community. We found no significant change in farming types in the area or losses of livestock between the years. However, there was a significant increase in perceived commercial game losses reported, even though protection of game had increased. Actions taken towards carnivores by livestock/game farmers were also significantly more negative in 2015 compared to farmers growing crops, but there was no such difference in 2010. We suggest that these changes could be a result of the increase in game prices over that period, leading to greater financial losses when an animal is predated, which in turn could increase the likelihood of retaliatory killings of carnivores.
Calculating site-specific evolutionary rates at the amino-acid or codon level yields similar rate estimates
Authors: Sydykova Dariya K. , Wilke Claus O.
Published: May 2017

Site-specific evolutionary rates can be estimated from codon sequences or from amino-acid sequences. For codon sequences, the most popular methods use some variation of thedN∕dSratio. For amino-acid sequences, one widely-used method is called Rate4Site, and it assigns a relative conservation score to each site in an alignment. How site-wisedN∕dSvalues relate to Rate4Site scores is not known. Here we elucidate the relationship between these two rate measurements. We simulate sequences with knowndN∕dS, using eitherdN∕dSmodels or mutation–selection models for simulation. We then infer Rate4Site scores on the simulated alignments, and we compare those scores to either true or inferreddN∕dSvalues on the same alignments. We find that Rate4Site scores generally correlate well with truedN∕dS, and the correlation strengths increase in alignments with greater sequence divergence and more taxa. Moreover, Rate4Site scores correlate very well with inferred (as opposed to true)dN∕dSvalues, even for small alignments with little divergence. Finally, we verify this relationship between Rate4Site anddN∕dSin a variety of empirical datasets. We conclude that codon-level and amino-acid-level analysis frameworks are directly comparable and yield very similar inferences.
The shoaling behavior of two cyprinid species in conspecific and heterospecific groups
Authors: Tang Zhong-Hua , Wu Hui , Huang Qing , Kuang Lu , Fu Shi-Jian
Published: May 2017

Mixed-species shoals of fish are frequently found in the field; however, little is known about individual-level interactions within these groups. We examined the collective motion of two cyprinid species (Chinese bream,Parabramis pekinensis, and qingbo,Spinibarbus sinensis) that occupy partially overlapping habitats but differ in social behavior (high vs low aggressiveness) and preferred flow regime (slow vs fast water velocity). We extracted measures of collective motion from video recordings of eight replicate groups of four individuals of either Chinese bream or qingbo (conspecific group) or two Chinese bream plus two qingbo (heterospecific group). Chinese bream in conspecific groups showed lower percent time moving and mean swimming speed but a similar speed while moving as compared to the qingbo conspecific groups. However, the difference in mean swimming speed and percent time moving vanished in the heterospecific group as Chinese bream elevated their swimming activity to coordinate with qingbo. This finding suggests that the two species may share similar interaction rules regarding shoaling behavior. The conspecific groups of qingbo exhibited a greater distance between group members than Chinese bream, suggesting a difference in cohesion. However, the inter-individual distances of all fish were similar in the heterospecific group. Qingbo in the heterospecific group swam more frequently at the front compared to Chinese bream, possibly due to their higher activity level. We also measured the startle response to an artificial stimulus and found that there was no significant difference among groups. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that in the heterospecific groups, Chinese bream elevated their percent time moving while qingbo decreased their inter-individual distance to achieve consistent collective movement; thus, the two species showed similar behavior in the mixed-species group.
The South-American distribution and southernmost record ofBiomphalaria peregrina—a potential intermediate host of schistosomiasis
Authors: Rumi Alejandra , Vogler Roberto Eugenio , Beltramino Ariel Aníbal
Published: May 2017

Schistosomiasis remains a major parasitic disease, endemic in large parts of South America. Five neotropical species ofBiomphalariahave been found to act as intermediate hosts ofSchistosoma mansoniin natural populations, while others have been shown to be susceptible in experimental infections, although not found infected in the field. Among these potential intermediate hosts,Biomphalaria peregrinarepresents the most widespread species in South America, with confirmed occurrence records from Venezuela to northern Patagonia. In this study, we report the southernmost record for the species at the Pinturas River, in southern Patagonia, which finding implies a southward reassessment of the limit for the known species of this genus. The identities of the individuals from this population were confirmed through morphological examination, and by means of two mitochondrial genes,cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI)and16S-rRNA. With both markers, phylogenetic analyses were conducted in order to compare the genetic background of individuals from the Pinturas River with previously genetically characterized strains ofB. peregrinafrom various South-American locations. In addition, we produced a potential distribution model ofB. peregrinain South America and identified the environmental variables that best predict that distribution. The model was estimated through a maximum entropy algorithm and run with occurrence points obtained from several sources, including the scientific literature and international databases, along with climatic and hydrographic variables. Different phylogenetic analyses with either theCOIor16S-rRNAsequences did not conflict, but rather gave very similar topological organizations. Two major groups were identified, with sequences from the Pinturas River grouping together with haplotypes from subtropical and temperate regions. The model developed had a satisfactory performance for the study area. We observed that the areas with higher habitat suitability were found to be mainly linked to subtropical and temperate regions of South America between 15° and 45° south latitude, with different moderate- and low-suitability areas outside this range. We also identified the coldest temperatures as the main predictors of the potential distribution of this snail. Susceptibility surveys would be required to evaluate if southern populations ofB. peregrinastill retain their potential as intermediate hosts ofS. mansoni.