bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of FDG avid Benign Sinonasal Schneiderian Papilloma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Shafqat Iram , Ho Allen S. , Manzoor Daniel , Balzer Bonnie , Wu Arthur W.
Published: August 2020

Background:

The inverted and oncocytic subtypes of sinonasal Schneiderian papillomas are benign tumors with possible rare malignant transformation and are typically managed with complete surgical resection and close follow-up. While computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are mainstays in preoperative evaluation of bony invasion and soft tissue extension of the lesion, their imaging characteristics by 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is less well characterized.

Objective:

To describe the clinical presentation and management of a PET positive sinonasal lesion. To conduct a literature review of FDG uptake in benign sinonasal papillomas.

Methods:

Case report (n = 1) and literature review of similar cases (n = 32).

Results:

We report the case of a 69-year-old man presenting with an isolated left maxillary sinus mass with avid FDG uptake, discovered on PET/CT imaging. An endoscopic left maxillary mega-antrostomy provided successful definitive treatment for final pathologic diagnosis of oncocytic papilloma. Literature review of cases of sinonasal papillomas with avid FDG uptake found that oncocytic papillomas, on average, exhibit greater uptake than inverted papillomas and both may be mistaken as malignancies on PET.

Conclusion:

While PET imaging demonstrating avid FDG uptake is associated with an increased risk of malignancy, it does not rule out the possibility of a benign sinonasal papilloma nor other benign inflammatory lesions. Particularly, oncocytic papillomas may have very high FDG uptake and mimic malignant lesions.
Comparing Schedules of Progress Monitoring Using Curriculum-Based Measurement in Reading: A Replication Study
Authors: Gesel Samantha A. , Lemons Christopher J.
Published: August 2020

Curriculum-based measurement (CBM) is a systematic, ongoing assessment framework that allows special educators to monitor students’ progress and determine the need for instructional adaptations. Jenkins and colleagues examined the accuracy and timeliness of six different schedules of CBM progress monitoring (PM). The authors found that weekly and intermittent PM schedules were similarly accurate and timely. This study replicated and extended the work of Jenkins and colleagues by examining the accuracy and timeliness of different PM schedules for 51 students with disabilities. Results indicated that the accuracy and timeliness of the PM schedules for the current sample was poorer than the accuracy and timeliness reported by Jenkins and colleagues. In line with the results of the original study, however, these results indicated that intermittent PM schedules sufficiently predicted student true growth compared to weekly PM schedule. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Who Needs a Fracking Education? The Educational Response to Low-Skill-Biased Technological Change
Authors: Cascio Elizabeth U. , Narayan Ayushi
Published: August 2020

The authors explore the educational response to fracking—a recent technological breakthrough in the oil and gas industry—by taking advantage of the timing of its diffusion and spatial variation in shale reserves. They show that fracking has significantly increased relative demand for less-educated male labor and increased high school dropout rates of male teens, both overall and relative to females. Estimates imply that, absent fracking, the teen male dropout rate would have been 1 percentage point lower over the period 2011–15 in the average labor market with shale reserves, implying an elasticity of school enrollment with respect to earnings below historical estimates. Fracking increased earnings and job opportunities more among young men than male teenagers, suggesting that educational decisions respond to improved earnings prospects, not just opportunity costs. Other explanations for the findings, such as changes in school quality, migration, or demographics, receive less empirical support.
Foaming behavior of poly(lactic acid) with different D-isomer content based on supercritical CO2-induced crystallization
Authors: Chen Jinwei , Yang Ling , Mai Qunshan , Li Mei , Wu Lixuan , Kong Ping
Published: August 2020

Using supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) as a physical foaming agent, the effect of sc-CO2 on the formation of crystalline domains and subsequently on the foaming behaviors of the two grades of PLA with different D-isomer content were investigated in a wide foaming temperature range. The PLA’s final crystallinity is significantly increased with decreasing annealing temperature and by reducing the D-isomer content. Cellular structure results show that not only the crystallinity but also the crystalline morphology play an important role in cellular structure. A novel spherulite morphology including ringless and ring-banded morphology in the same spherulite was formed at lower foaming temperature, as a result, some entities were nonuniformly distributed in the PLA foams. Uniform and closed cellular structure were obtained when only the ring-banded spherulites were formed. An opened and interconnected cellular structure is tended to be formed because of the synergistic effect of high temperature and plasticization of CO2. Based on the crystallinity and morphology, a suitable foaming window as a function of temperature is proposed. It is found that PLA with 4.1% D-isomer content had much broader suitable foaming window range to produce homogeneous cellular structure.
Effect of polymer-coated silica particles in a Portland cement matrix via in-situ infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Hafshejani Tahereh Mohammadi , Feng Chao , Wohlgemuth Jonas , Krause Felix , Bogner Andreas , Dehn Frank , Thissen Peter
Published: August 2020

It is often of great importance in engineering to know precisely the properties of a material used with regard to its strength, its plasticity or its brittleness, its elasticity, and some other properties. For this purpose, material samples are tested in a tensile test by clamping the sample with a known starting cross-section in a tensile testing machine and loading it with a tensile force F. The force is then graphically displayed over the length change ΔL caused. This curve is called the force-extension diagram. In this study, a new measurement method enables for the first time, depending on the applied uniaxial stress, an insight at the atomic level into various energy dissipation processes at cement-based materials with the help of infrared spectroscopy. The samples are modified by adding SiO2 particles, which are coated by a polymer (PEG-MDI-DMPA) of different PEG molecular weights. Results show that elongating and breakage of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] bonds play an essential role in the strain energy dissipation. Compared to the pure cement, the modified samples are affected more by elongating and breakage of [Formula: see text] as the admixture can effectively reduce the energy barrier of the hydrolytic reaction. The incorporating of particles into the cement matrix induces new mechanisms for energy dissipation by stretching of [Formula: see text] bending vibrations. Stretching vibration of the [Formula: see text] group indicates that part of the energy is dissipated by breakage of hydrogen bonding between the carboxyl group and PEG chains. Besides, a higher value of the ultimate fracture force following an increase in the molecular weight of PEG shows stronger bonding between particles and the cement matrix. As the chain-length of PEG is increased, less energy is absorbed through the other processes (especially at a higher level of strain). Thus, there is a balance between the whole deformation (toughness) and the strength of samples with the increase of the PEG molecular weight.
Who Punishes the Leader? Leader Culpability and Coups during Civil War
Authors: Sudduth Jun Koga
Published: August 2020

Who punishes leaders via coups during civil war? By distinguishing between different types of internal audiences within the government and their attempts to remove a leader forcefully, I illuminate the mechanisms that explain variation in who punishes the leader during wartime. I claim that whether leaders are culpable for the initiation of the war has an important implication for whether they are punished by members of the ruling coalition (i.e., those with access to decision-making and political power), or by those outside the ruling coalition. Empirical evidence supports my hypotheses: (i) culpable leaders are more likely to experience coup attempts led by those outside the leaders’ ruling coalition, should the war go poorly; and (ii) nonculpable leaders are more likely to experience coups executed by members of their ruling coalition. The findings have important implications for how leaders respond to audience pressures as they consider whether to fight or settle.
The Legal History of the Lockerbie Aircraft Bombing Case and a Reference for Another Appeal
Authors: Shiels Robert
Published: August 2020

The only person against whom a charge of murder was proved in regard to the Lockerbie bombing case in 1988 had an appeal against conviction refused. A subsequent referral of the case back for further consideration by appellate judges was abandoned by the appellant. He was released on the statutory ground of compassion due to his imminent death. The appeal was revived in 2020 after further investigation and fresh evidence and referred to the criminal appeal court for Scotland.
The Ubiquitin System and A20: Implications in Health and Disease
Authors: Mooney E.C. , Sahingur S.E.
Published: August 2020

Inflammation is triggered by stimulation of innate sensors that recognize pathogens, chemical and physical irritants, and damaged cells subsequently initiating a well-orchestrated adaptive immune response. Immune cell activation is a strictly regulated and self-resolving process supported by an array of negative feedback mechanisms to sustain tissue homeostasis. The disruption of these regulatory pathways forms the basis of chronic inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis. Ubiquitination, a covalent posttranslational modification of target proteins with ubiquitin, has a profound effect on the stability and activity of its substrates, thereby regulating the immune system at molecular and cellular levels. Through the cooperative actions of E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases, ubiquitin modifications are implicated in several biological processes, including proteasomal degradation, transcriptional regulation, regulation of protein-protein interactions, endocytosis, autophagy, DNA repair, and cell cycle regulation. A20 (tumor necrosis factor α–induced protein 3 or TNFAIP3) is a ubiquitin-editing enzyme that mainly functions as an endogenous regulator of inflammation through termination of nuclear factor (NF)–κB activation as part of a negative feedback loop. A20 interacts with substrates that reside downstream of immune sensors, including Toll-like receptors, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing receptors, lymphocyte receptors, and cytokine receptors. Due to its pleiotropic functions as a ubiquitin binding protein, deubiquitinase and ubiquitin ligase, and its versatile role in various signaling pathways, aberrant A20 levels are associated with numerous conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, Sjögren syndrome, coronary artery disease, multiple sclerosis, cystic fibrosis, asthma, cancer, neurological disorders, and aging-related sequelae. Similarly, A20 has recently been implicated as an essential regulator of inflammation in the oral cavity. This review presents information on the ubiquitin system and regulation of NF-κB by ubiquitination using A20 as a representative molecule and highlights how the dysregulation of this system can lead to several immune pathologies, including oral cavity–related disorders mainly focusing on periodontitis.
The Courage to Be: Using DBT Skills to Choose Who to Be in Uncertainty
Authors: Shea Lynne-Marie
Published: August 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a unique set of circumstances in which most of us are struggling with the same sort of existential questions across our unique contexts and subjective experiences. As we work to answer these questions within the uncertainty of the pandemic, dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) provides tools through which to consider and make meaning of these existential questions. DBT skills, which are aimed at increasing our capacity to practice mindfulness, regulate emotions, tolerate distress, think dialectically, and interact interpersonally, provide practical strategies to increase our senses of agency as we consider who we are in our own lives and in our relationship with others. With increased agency, we are more able to respond to the existential questions inherent in a global crisis by building the kind of courage needed to choose who to be.
Effect of varietal attributes on the adoption of an orange-fleshed sweetpotato variety in Upper East and Northern Ghana
Authors: Adekambi SA , Okello JJ , Rajendran S , Acheremu K , Carey EE , Low J , Abidin PE
Published: August 2020

Despite sustained economic growth and reduction in some of forms of malnutrition, Ghana still faces a national prevalence rate of 20.8% vitamin A deficiency (VAD) among for children 6–59 months old. Orange-fleshed sweetpotato ( Ipomoea batatas L.) (OFSP) can significantly improve vitamin A intake and contribute toward reducing VAD, especially in Northern Ghana where VAD is 31% among young children. Several poverty and nutrition projects in Ghana have promoted the use of OFSP for its health benefits. This study assesses the effect of three varietial attributes on adoption of the first released OFSP variety in Northern Ghana namely, Apomuden. The study concluded that sweetness, taste and dry matter have joint significant effects on adoption of an OFSP variety. The positive and negative traits highlighted will inform the on-going breeding effort.
The Use of the Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Model for Corrections Officers: Reducing Incidents within a County Jail
Authors: Comartin Erin B. , Wells Kendra , Zacharias Alana , Kubiak Sheryl
Published: August 2020

This study presents an adaptation of the Crisis Intervention Team Model (CIT) to a jail setting. Pre-post surveys and interviews assessed changes in corrections officers’ (CO) knowledge of and attitudes toward mental health. Cell Removal Team (CRT) services assessed the impact of CIT on the use of this specialized unit. Results indicate positive changes in CO attitudes, increased de-escalation skills, and an abrupt decrease in the level of CRT usage, with results sustained in the 8-month follow-up period.
Contemporary echoes of segregationist policy: Spatial marking and the persistence of inequality
Authors: Faber Jacob
Published: August 2020

The Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC), established in the US during the Great Depression to provide relief to a failing housing market, had a lasting effect through institutionalising the segregationist practice of denying mortgages to communities of colour. Over subsequent decades, ‘redlining’ funnelled billions of US dollars away from minority neighbourhoods and shaped segregation patterns – constituting perhaps the most influential example of institutional intervention in the hierarchy of places. This history of racialised exclusion via the process of ‘spatial marking’ is reflected in contemporary housing inequality, which remains one of the most severe sites of racial stratification. This article combines newly-digitised archival data with data describing recent mortgage outcomes to investigate the role of institutional classification of place in the persistence of housing finance inequality. I show that borrowers in the 21st century were at a severe disadvantage when pursuing mortgages in neighbourhoods redlined by HOLC appraisers in the early 20th century. Such applicants were more likely to be denied loans and to receive subprime loans net of measures of selection and ecological disadvantage. This article shows that the geographical patterns of exclusion and exploitation are remarkably stable, and highlights the role of persistent institutional marginalisation in replicating racial and spatial inequalities.
Finite/fixed-time consensus of nonlinear multi-agent systems against actuator faults and disturbances
Authors: Yin Yanhui , Wang Fuyong , Liu Zhongxin , Chen Zengqiang
Published: August 2020

This paper is concerned with the consensus tracking problem in nonlinear multi-agent systems against external disturbances and multiple actuator faults. The nonlinear dynamics are unknown and the leader’s input is unavailable to any follower. By using finite-time Lyapunov stability theory, a distributed discontinuous protocol is developed. On this basis, a fixed-time control protocol is further designed to obtain a settling time regardless of initial conditions. In addition, the practical finite-time consensus and practical fixed-time consensus are investigated by the adaptive technique, under which the bounds of the faults can be estimated online adaptively. The innovation of this work lies in the fact that the finite/fixed-time consensus problem is solved when multiple faults and mismatched nonlinearity are simultaneously considered. The relationship between the settling time and design parameters is well established. Finally, some numerical simulations are given to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
‘My native English now I must forgo’: Global Shakespeare at the Edinburgh International Festival
Authors: Guerrero Isabel
Published: August 2020

This article focuses on productions of William Shakespeare’s plays in languages other than English throughout the history of the Edinburgh International Festival. It aims to demonstrate that there has been an evolution towards global Shakespeare at the Edinburgh International Festival, and that Shakespeare stagings have been both an active agent and a product of the interconnectedness of theatre cultures in international festivals. The article considers three categories that illustrate the evolution of Shakespeare festival productions: Shakespeare without his language, heteroglossic Shakespeare, and new-brand Shakespeare. These categories are used to evaluate audience reception and assess shifts in Shakespeare studies regarding global Shakespeare.
‘Retailed to all posterity’: Post-truth, oral tradition, and the popular voice in Richard III
Authors: Ashby Richard
Published: August 2020

This article proposes a presentist reading of Richard III, a play that can be used to reflect on – and critique – our perversely post-truth historical moment. While the powerful distort the past for political purposes, the play dramatises the way abiding truths about history are nevertheless passed down through time by a popular culture of oral tradition. Drawing on Walter Benjamin, I also relate a timeless, oral tradition to proverbial wisdoms and to the concept of redemptive, Messianic time.
A Surrogate Matrix-Based Approach Toward Multiplexed Quantitation of an sGC Stimulator and cGMP in Ocular Tissue and Plasma
Authors: Lin Kenneth , Cabral Pablo , Ekpenyong Oscar , Bader Suzy El , Galvao Joana , Kim Yeonil , Lu Sherry X. , Tam Yu Tong , Bruder Marc , Rearden Paul , Shankaran Harish , Beaumont Maribel
Published: August 2020

A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay was developed and qualified for the multiplexed quantitation of a small molecule stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and its target engagement biomarker, 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), in ocular tissues and plasma from a single surrogate matrix calibration curve. A surrogate matrix approach was used in this assay due to the limited quantities of blank ocular matrices in a discovery research setting. After optimization, the assay showed high accuracy, precision, and recovery as well as parallelism between the surrogate matrix and the biological matrices (rabbit plasma, vitreous, and retina–choroid). This assay provided pharmacokinetic and target engagement data after intravitreal administration of the sGC stimulator. The nitric oxide-sGC-cGMP pathway is a potential target to address glaucoma. Increasing sGC-mediated production of cGMP could improve aqueous humor outflow and ocular blood flow. The sGC stimulator showed dose-dependent exposure in rabbit vitreous, retina–choroid, and plasma. The cGMP exhibited a delayed yet sustained increase in vitreous humor but not retina–choroid. Multiplexed measurement of both pharmacokinetic and target engagement analytes reduced animal usage and provided improved context for interpreting PK and PD relationships.
Testing the generality of an internal power theory of interpersonal violence across sex and race/ethnicity
Authors: Wareham Jennifer , Wagers Shelly M.
Published: August 2020

Recently, Wagers articulated a theory of internal power to explain intimate partner violence (IPV). Internal power is conceptualized as comprising five domains: self-concept clarity, self-esteem, self-efficacy, self-determination, and mastery. Individuals with high internal power are expected to engage in little to no IPV. The present study tested measurement invariance of the internal power instrument across sex and race/ethnicity using a sample of 749 college students. Tests for measurement invariance indicated partial invariance of the internal power instrument across sex and race/ethnicity. Further, group-based structural equation models revealed several sex- and race/ethnicity-specific differences in the relationships between the five factors of internal power and self-reported IPV perpetration. Implications for Wagers’ internal power theory and similar instruments are discussed.
A construct validation and extension of the adolescent attachment questionnaire (AAQ)
Authors: Bodfield Kalum S. , Putwain David W. , Carey Philip , Rowley Avril
Published: August 2020

The adolescent attachment questionnaire (AAQ) is designed to measure adolescent attachment patterns through three components: availability, goal-corrected partnership, and angry-distress. To date there has not been a confirmatory factor analysis conducted to determine the fit of data to this theoretical model on a UK sample. This study aimed to assess the construct validity of the AAQ through cognitive interviews and a confirmatory factor analysis. Participants were adolescents aged between 12 and 16. Results from the cognitive interviews indicated that participants could correctly interpret the items. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit of data to a three-factor model. Therefore, it can be concluded that the AAQ is a valid measure for attachment patterns in adolescents, provided that attachment is approached as a three-factor concept.
Risk of incident dementia in late-life depression treated with antidepressants: A nationwide population cohort study
Authors: Su Jian-An , Chang Chih-Cheng , Yang Yao-Hsu , Chen Ko-Jung , Li Yueh-Ping , Lin Chung-Ying
Published: August 2020

Background:

Antidepressants are frequently used to treat depression in patients with dementia. In addition, late-life depression is associated with the incidence of subsequent cognitive impairment or dementia. However, the association between exposure to antidepressants in late-life depression and the development of incident dementia remains understudied.

Methods:

Through a population-based retrospective cohort design, data were extracted from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Dataset of medical claims registered from 1998–2013. We collected data of individuals who had received a new diagnosis of depression between 2000 and 2007. We excluded those who received a diagnosis of depression and were given antidepressants before 2000 and those younger than 60 years. The primary outcome was the occurrence of incident dementia. The time from the prescription of antidepressants or the diagnosis of depression until the outcome or the end of 2013 was calculated as the time to event. A total of 563,918 cases were included and were divided into either antidepressant users or antidepressant nonusers. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval.

Results:

Exposure to antidepressants did not increase the risk of dementia in patients with late-life depression at either a low exposure dosage (hazard ratio: 1.06, 95% confidence interval: 0.91–1.23) or a high exposure dosage (hazard ratio: 1.07, 95% confidence interval: 0.95–1.20). To confirm the validity of our results, we performed a sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis, and the post-hoc results were consistent with the main results.

Conclusion:

Antidepressants did not increase the risk of incident dementia in patients with late-life depression.
Progress in experimental research on SPRED protein family
Authors: Gong Jian , Yan Zhangren , Liu Qiao
Published: August 2020

The Sprouty-related Ena/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein homology-1 (EVH-1) domain (SPRED) family of proteins was discovered in 2001. These Sprouty-related tyrosine kinase-binding proteins negatively regulate a variety of growth factor-induced Ras/ERK signaling pathways. In recent years, SPRED proteins have been found to regulate vital activities such as cell development, movement, and proliferation, and to participate in pathophysiological processes such as tumor metastasis, hematopoietic regulation, and allergic reactions. The findings of these studies have important implications regarding the involvement of SPRED proteins in disease. Early studies of SPRED proteins focused mainly on various tumors, cardiovascular diseases, and organ development. However, in recent years, great progress has been made in elucidating the role of SPRED proteins in neuropsychiatric, inflammatory, endocrine, and ophthalmic diseases. This article provides a review of the experimental studies performed in recent years on the SPRED proteins and their role in the pathogenesis of certain diseases.
Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Wang Jianyan , Liu Danqing , Meng Yingdi , Guo Yingyuan , Zhao Ming
Published: August 2020

Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma (EPSCC) affecting the external auditory canal (EAC) is uncommon. We herein report a case involving a 56-year-old man with EPSCC of the EAC who had a 48-year history of recurrent purulent discharge in both ears and a 20-day history of right ear pain and hemorrhage followed by incomplete right eyelid closure and an askew mouth. He underwent surgical removal of middle ear granulation tissue, residual ossicles, and a right EAC mass. Postoperatively, pathomorphological examination combined with immunohistochemical staining supported a diagnosis of small cell carcinoma. Radiation therapy at a dose of 60.06 Gy in 33 daily fractions was completed 1 month after surgery, and synchronous etoposide–cisplatin regimen chemotherapy was performed for two cycles and four sequential cycles. One year postoperatively, magnetic resonance imaging showed no tumor in the ear; however, computed tomography showed multiple liver space-occupying lesions that were considered to indicate liver metastasis. Further chemotherapy was performed, but the patient died 15 months postoperatively. This case indicates that timely and accurate chemoradiotherapy is likely the most reasonable approach to EPSCC of the EAC given the aggressiveness of this tumor.
Factors impacting self-pay pediatric vaccine utilization in China: a large-scale maternal survey
Authors: Li Xinxin , Lu Haiyan , Wu Han , Chen Qiuhua , Wu Ping , Pan Qingjun
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Utilization of self-pay vaccines worldwide is very low, especially in China; the reasons for this are unclear. We aimed to identify factors that impact the decision among Chinese mothers to utilize self-pay vaccines for their children.

Methods

Mothers who were hospitalized at two hospitals in Zhanjiang City and who agreed to participate by completing the required questionnaire were eligible for this study.

Results

In total, 7518 respondents (n = 7592) completed the questionnaire and were included in this survey. The self-pay option was largely elected by mothers with one child, compared with those who had two or more children. Similarly, utilization by workers at government agencies and organizations was higher than that among factory workers or unemployed respondents. Mothers with a college degree or above had higher utilization than those with a high school level education or lower. The main issues affecting maternal decisions to utilize self-pay pediatric vaccines were safety, the protective effect, and the high cost.

Conclusion

Mothers with higher socioeconomic status were more inclined to self-pay for pediatric vaccines. Steps taken to enhance public awareness about the safety and protective benefits of self-pay vaccines, as well as lowering their cost will likely encourage broader utilization of these vaccines.
Effect of hybrid teaching incorporating problem-based learning on student performance in pathophysiology
Authors: Guo Jianhong , Li Lihong , Bu Haolin , Feng Miao , Yang Yanping , Zhang Yang , Liu Fu , Liu Qinghua , Li Xiaqing , Jiao Xiangying
Published: August 2020

Objective

To compare the effectiveness of traditional and hybrid teaching strategies in pathophysiology and to conduct a survey of students’ opinions about the hybrid teaching strategy.

Methods

A hybrid pathophysiology course was developed by combining traditional lectures, case- or problem-based learning, group discussion and several quizzes. A total of 167 students were assigned to the hybrid teaching group and 118 students assigned to the traditional lecture group.

Results

Compared with students who received traditional lectures, no students in the hybrid teaching class failed the final examination. The percentage of students with high scores was significantly higher in the hybrid teaching class. In addition, 73.7% of students in the hybrid teaching class expressed substantial interest in pathophysiology during the course, and 83% of these students felt they had received essential training and acquired the ability to solve clinical case problems.

Conclusion

The hybrid teaching strategy is an advanced approach that encourages students to actively learn teaching materials and solve practical clinical problems, and that promotes student interest in pathophysiology.
Rhinolith in the concha bullosa as a rare location: a case report
Authors: Ersözlü Tolga , Gültekin Erdogan
Published: August 2020

The presence of a rhinolith is a rare condition, which can cause long-standing symptoms, such as rhinorrhea, foul-smelling discharge, nasal obstruction, and headache. A rhinolith is usually easily diagnosed by a clinical examination and a paranasal computed tomographic scan. Rhinoliths are usually found in nasal cavities, but rare locations are also possible. We report a patient who was evaluated in our clinic for nasal obstruction, headache, and snoring symptoms. A clinical examination showed no major findings, but a paranasal computed tomographic scan of coronal sections showed a hyperdense mass within the right concha bullosa. A rhinolith in the concha bullosa is a rare condition. Our case is the third case of a rhinolith in the concha bullosa to be reported in the literature.
Magnetic resonance imaging-guided disc–condyle relationship adjustment via articulation: a technical note and case series
Authors: Xiong Xin , Yin Xiaoli , Liu Fang , Qin Danqing , Liu Yang
Published: August 2020

A normal disc–condyle relationship is crucial to the health and function of the temporomandibular joint. We herein introduce a novel technique that can precisely and rapidly restore the disc–condyle relationship. An initial bite rim was made, and the patient was instructed to wear this bite rim during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning. A quick MRI scan was performed, and the disc–condyle relationship and direction and vector of the displacement was measured. Adjustments to the mandible position were made on an articulator based on the measurements, after which a second bite rim was made. A second quick preview MRI scan was immediately performed, and the images were evaluated and measured again. Additional adjustments were made as needed, and the preview scan was repeated until an ideal disc–condyle relationship was achieved. Once a good disc–condyle relationship was acquired, the mandible position was recorded as the treatment mandible position, and a splint was fabricated. MRI visualization enabled precise and very fine adjustment of the disc–condyle relationship by articulating. This technique might help to simplify the clinical process and improve treatment effectiveness.
Autoimmune-related encephalitis during treatment with nivolumab for advanced head and neck cancer: a case report
Authors: Guidi Alessandro , Violati Martina , Blasi Miriam , Ferrari Elettra , Luciani Andrea , Codecà Carla , Ferrari Daris
Published: August 2020

Introduction:

Head and neck cancer represents a variety of tumors involving different organs in the cervical district, burdened by poor prognosis when diagnosed in an advanced stage. Immunotherapy with both anti-PD-1 nivolumab and pembrolizumab has the aim of increasing overall survival for patients with this malignancy. We report the first case of immune-related encephalitis caused by nivolumab in this setting of disease and present a brief review of the literature.

Case description:

A 60-year-old woman had been treated with concomitant chemoradiotherapy for a locally advanced human papillomavirus–negative squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil. After local recurrence, she was treated with platinum-based first-line chemotherapy, followed by nivolumab at further progression within 6 months. Nivolumab was administered for 19 weeks, then discontinued due to the occurrence of immune-related hypothyroidism and grade 2 diarrhea. A month after the onset of the endocrinopathy, the patient also developed steroid-responsive encephalitis, considered as a consequence of anti-PD-1 therapy. One year after discontinuation of immunotherapy, toxicities have resolved and the patient is maintaining a complete radiologic response.

Conclusions:

Immunotherapy is a relatively new and promising therapy in the field of oncology. Its mechanism of action, which aims to stimulate the immune system against cancer cells, is not comparable to systemic and cytotoxic chemotherapy, which directly attacks and destroys malignant cells. Despite these differences, immunotherapy is not to be considered free from side effects, sometimes life-threatening.
Barriers to the Adoption of Technological Innovations in Corrections: A Review and Case Study
Authors: Link Tanja C. , Reece Beverly
Published: August 2020

Over 600,000 criminal justice involved individuals are released from state and federal prisons each year, and close to 5,000,000 former offenders are placed under some form of community-based supervision. Access to services that may facilitate the reentry process is complicated and more often than not, returning citizens have significant and wide-ranging needs left unaddressed that require a comprehensive approach. In the current paper, we discuss the adoption and implementation processes of technological innovations noted in the criminal justice and correctional literature, as well as other disciplines, while using examples and lessons learned from a pilot project evaluating a new technology known as Pokket, which is a cloud-based service aimed at improving the re-entry process for returning citizens, service providers, and criminal justice agencies.
A study of loading rate effect fracture behavior of concrete based on digital image correlation and finite-element method
Authors: Chen Xudong , Chen Chen , Cheng Xiyuan , Wu Chaoguo , Shi Zhenxiang , Li Weitong
Published: August 2020

To study the rate effect on the fracture properties of concrete, 700 mm × 150 mm × 100 mm specimens with a 60-mm notch were used for three-point bending test at the loading rate of 0.0005, 0.005, 0.05, and 0.5 mm/s, respectively. In the test, digital image correlation was used for monitoring the fracture process. The result shows that the fracture stress, unstable fracture toughness, and fracture energy have rate sensitivity. The numerical simulation was performed by extended finite-element model. The model calibration had a very good agreement with the experimental result under different loading rate. Meanwhile, fracture process zone length calculated by digital image correlation is similar to the result obtained by the extended finite-element model under different loading rate.
Catholic Convent Schools and the History of Irish Girlhood: Curriculum and Continuity 1780–1920
Authors: Hatfield Mary
Published: August 2020

This article traces the educational mission of three Catholic convent boarding schools from the late eighteenth century until the 1920s, highlighting striking similarities in Catholic female education across different temporal and geographical contexts. Using institutional records, community annals and student roll books, this article considers how the priorities and structure of female education can shed light on implicit assumptions held by Catholic woman about the nature of girlhood and the purpose of education. It aims at a fuller understanding of the pedagogical model shared by these boarding schools and provides evidence of a strong cultural continuity in the ideals of Catholic girlhood across time. In doing so, it contributes to a perennial debate within the history of childhood on the historical narrativisation of continuity.
Baseline tear fluid CGRP is elevated in active cluster headache patients as long as they have not taken attack abortive medication
Authors: Kamm Katharina , Straube Andreas , Ruscheweyh Ruth
Published: August 2020

Background

Calcitonin gene-related peptide plays a key role in cluster headache pathophysiology. It is released from the trigeminal nerve, which also innervates the eye. In this study, we tested if tear fluid calcitonin gene-related peptide measurement detects elevated calcitonin gene-related peptide levels in cluster headache patients compared to controls.

Methods

Calcitonin gene-related peptide concentration in tear fluid and plasma of 16 active episodic and 11 chronic cluster headache patients (all outside acute attacks) and 60 controls were assessed using ELISA.

Results

Cluster headache patients without use of attack abortive medication in the last 48 h showed significantly elevated tear fluid calcitonin gene-related peptide levels (1.78 ± 1.57 ng/ml, n = 17) compared to healthy controls (0.79 ± 0.74 ng/ml, p = 0.003) and compared to cluster headache patients who had used attack abortive medication in the last 48 h (0.84 ± 1.40 ng/ml, n = 10, p = 0.022). High calcitonin gene-related peptide levels in cluster headache patients were independent of the occurrence of a cluster headache attack in the last 48 hours (no attack: 1.95 ± 1.65 ng/ml, n = 8; attack: 1.63 ± 1.59 ng/ml, n = 9, p = 0.82) as long as no acute medication was used. No significant difference in tear fluid calcitonin gene-related peptide levels between episodic (1.48 ± 1.34 ng/ml) and chronic cluster headache patients (2.21 ± 1.88 ng/ml, p = 0.364) was detected. In contrast to these results in tear fluid, there were no significant group differences in plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide levels.

Conclusion

This study shows that active cluster headache patients have increased calcitonin gene-related peptide levels in tear fluid compared to healthy subjects, which are reduced to control levels after intake of attack abortive medication. Calcitonin gene-related peptide measurement in tear fluid is non-invasive, and has the advantage of allowing direct access to calcitonin gene-related peptide released from the trigeminal nerve.
Brain volume changes in spontaneous intracranial hypotension: Revisiting the Monro-Kellie doctrine
Authors: Wu Jr-Wei , Wang Yen-Feng , Hseu Shu-Shya , Chen Shu-Ting , Chen Yung-Lin , Wu Yu-Te , Chen Shih-Pin , Lirng Jiing-Feng , Wang Shuu-Jiun
Published: August 2020

Objectives

In the application of the Monro-Kellie doctrine in spontaneous intracranial hypotension, the brain tissue volume is generally considered as a fixed constant. Traditionally, cerebral venous dilation is thought to compensate for decreased cerebrospinal fluid. However, whether brain tissue volume is invariable has not yet been explored. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether brain tissue volume is fixed or variable in spontaneous intracranial hypotension patients using automatic quantitative methods.

Methods

This retrospective and longitudinal study analyzed spontaneous intracranial hypotension patients between 1 January 2007 and 31 July 2015. Voxel-based morphometry was used to examine brain volume changes during and after the resolution of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Brain structure volume was analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping version 12 and FMRIB Software Library v6.0. Post-treatment neuroimages were used as surrogate baseline measures.

Results

Forty-four patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension were analyzed (mean [standard deviation] age, 37.8 [8.5] years; 32 female and 12 male). The whole brain tissue volume was decreased during spontaneous intracranial hypotension compared to follow-up (1180.3 [103.5] mL vs. 1190.4 [93.1] mL, difference: −10.1 mL [95% confidence interval: −18.4 to −1.8 mL], p = 0.019). In addition, ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volume was decreased during spontaneous intracranial hypotension compared to follow-up (15.8 [6.1] mL vs. 18.9 [6.9] mL, difference: −3.2 mL [95% confidence interval: −4.5 to −1.8 mL], p < 0.001). Longer anterior epidural cerebrospinal fluid collections, as measured by number of vertebral segments, were associated with greater reduction of ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volume (Pearson’s r = −0.32, p = 0.036).

Conclusion

The current study found the brain tissue volume and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid are decreased in spontaneous intracranial hypotension patients. The change in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volume, but not brain tissue volume change, was associated with the severity of spinal cerebrospinal fluid leakage. These results challenge the assumption that brain tissue volume is a fixed constant.
Analysis of the alliance of archives, libraries, and museums of South Africa National Parks: Kruger National Park
Authors: Netshakhuma Nkholedzeni Sidney
Published: August 2020

The research aims to analyse the alliance of archive, library and museum (ALM) at the Kruger National Park with regards to compliance with legislations, ALM’s role in education and the adoption of information and communication technology. A qualitative method was used to collect data. The research found that most of the participants were not aware of the legislations governing ALM in South Africa. ALM was not fully utilised for educational activities to enhance knowledge management; there is a low rate of adoption of information and communication technology as an enabler to provide education. Hopefully, this study will help to formulate research agendas to address societal challenges, such as adopting the policies which will have a positive impact on the implementation of ALM policies.
Role of Lebanese public school libraries in the changing information environment
Authors: Rahme Patricia , Saade Gladys , Khayrallah Nohma
Published: August 2020

Researchers and library associations are continually questioning and investigating the state and role of school libraries in different countries across the globe. This study provides original empirical material to gain insight into the situation of public school libraries in Lebanon and it aims to determine the roles assigned to them and the reasons that inhibit their development. This study revealed that the focus of libraries’ programs and activities is to promote reading among students, making best use of available print books collections, while other areas of activities such as promoting research skills and supporting the curriculum are underplayed. Also, the context in which few secondary public schools libraries operate today is due to local and international community initiatives.
Construction Quality Control of Unbound Base Course using Light Weight Deflectometer where Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Aggregate is Used as an Example
Authors: Akmaz Emre , Ullah Saad , Tanyu Burak F. , Guler Erol F.
Published: August 2020

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is already being recycled as a construction and building material. One of the commonly considered applications is to create an unbound aggregate from this material. However, since the particles of RAP have binder coatings, traditional quality control procedures applied during construction such as use of a nuclear density gauge does not provide accurate results. Therefore there is a need to find another method that can be applied during construction to confirm that the placement in the field meets the design criteria. For this reason, in this study, the suitability of using light weight deflectometer (LWD) has been investigated. The presented methodology outlines how to implement the use of LWD to create a target modulus in the laboratory as part of design criteria and compare with the field measurements. In the field, depending on the thickness of the constructed aggregate layer, the LWD measurements may be influenced by more than just the layer of interest. The presented methodology also provides a solution for such multilayer conditions. Although the study primarily focuses on using RAP as the investigated material, the methodology developed in this study can be applied to any type of unbound aggregate as demonstrated in this study.
Evidence for Acceptance of Ride-Hailing Services in Iran
Authors: Akbari Morteza , Amiri Nader Seyyed , Zúñiga Miguel Ángel , Padash Hamid , Shakiba Hodjat
Published: August 2020

Ride-hailing, as an important part of the sharing economy in the transport sector, has gradually become a popular model of travel. Nowadays, ride-hailing is rapidly being adopted in Iran. Thus, there is a necessity to explore the factors that determine potential users’ acceptance of ride-hailing services. To do so, a model was developed from a combination of the technology acceptance model with the information system success model and trust. About 500 users participated in this study, and 466 valid responses were collected. Structural equation modeling with mediation analysis was used to examine the data. Information and service quality have a significant influence on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. As predicted, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use both had a positive relationship with trust, and perceived usefulness had a positive relationship with behavioral intention. However, the predicted relationship that perceived ease of use had a positive relationship with behavioral intention was rejected. Furthermore, results underline the important role of trust as a mediator variable in the model. The model confirmed good explanatory power in the context of ride-hailing. This study expands the literature on technology acceptance by examining the mediating role of trust, a topic that has not previously been investigated. The paper points to the central role of trust in increasing intention to use ride-hailing, and ultimately the likelihood of this behavior.