bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of psychoacoustic spectrum warping, decision template fusion, and neighborhood component analysis in newborn cry diagnostic systems
Authors: Khalilzad Zahra , Tadj Chakib
Published: February 2024

Dealing with newborns' health is a delicate matter since they cannot express needs, and crying does not reflect their condition. Although newborn cries have been studied for various purposes, there is no prior research on distinguishing a certain pathology from other pathologies so far. Here, an unsophisticated framework is proposed for the study of septic newborns amid a collective of other pathologies. The cry was analyzed with music inspired and speech processing inspired features. Furthermore, neighborhood component analysis (NCA) feature selection was employed with two goals: (i) Exploring how the elements of each feature set contributed to classification outcome; (ii) investigating to what extent the feature space could be compacted. The attained results showed success of both experiments introduced in this study, with 88.66% for the decision template fusion (DTF) technique and a consistent enhancement in comparison to all feature sets in terms of accuracy and 86.22% for the NCA feature selection method by drastically downsizing the feature space from 86 elements to only 6 elements. The achieved results showed great potential for identifying a certain pathology from other pathologies that may have similar effects on the cry patterns as well as proving the success of the proposed framework.
Narwhal (Monodon monoceros) echolocation click rates to support cue counting passive acoustic density estimation
Authors: Marques Carolina S. , Marques Diana A. , Blackwell Susanna B. , Heide-Jørgensen Mads Peter , Malinka Chloe E. , Marques Tiago A.
Published: February 2024

Estimating animal abundance is fundamental for effective management and conservation. It is increasingly done by combining passive acoustics with knowledge about rates at which animals produce cues (cue rates). Narwhals (Monodon monoceros) are elusive marine mammals for which passive acoustic density estimation might be plausible, but for which cue rates are lacking. Clicking rates in narwhals were investigated using a dataset from sound and movement tag records collected in August 2013–2016 and 2019 in East Greenland. Clicking rates were quantified for ∼1200 one-second-long systematic random samples from 8 different whales. Generalized additive models were used to model (1) the probability of being in a clicking state versus depth and (2) the clicking rate while in a clicking state, versus time and depth. The probability of being in a clicking state increased with depth, reaching ∼1.0 at ∼500 m, while the number of clicks per second (while in a clicking state) increased with depth. The mean cue production rate, weighted by tag duration, was 1.28 clicks per second (se = 0.13, CV = 0.10). This first cue rate for narwhals may be used for cue counting density estimation, but care should be taken if applying it to other geographical areas or seasons, given sample size, geographical, and temporal limitations.
Directional sound radiation from a rectangular panel and the high frequency limit
Authors: Han Lu , Wu Ming , Liao Xiangning , Gao Xiaoyi , Yang Jun , Yin Xiaochun
Published: February 2024

Directional sound radiation focuses sound in a specific direction and reduces sound radiation in other directions. This study uses a flat panel driven by an actuator array to realize two-dimensional directional sound radiation by the acoustic contrast control algorithm. The aliasing effect at higher frequencies is analyzed based on the modal vibration of the panel, and a method for estimating the high frequency limit is proposed. Actuator arrays with different parameters are simulated to verify the efficacy of the proposed method and compare the acoustic contrast response with the conventional loudspeaker arrays.
Creep and recovery in dense suspensions of smooth and rough colloids
Authors: Saraswat Yug Chandra , Kerstein Eli , Hsiao Lilian C.
Published: February 2024

We report the effect of particle surface roughness on creep deformation and subsequent strain recovery in dense colloidal suspensions. The suspensions are composed of hard-spherelike poly(methyl methacrylate) smooth (S) and rough (R) colloids with particle volume fractions ϕS = 0.64 ± 0.01 and ϕR = 0.56 ± 0.01, corresponding to a distance of 3.0% and 3.4% based on their jamming volume fractions (ϕJS=0.66±0.01, ϕJR=0.58±0.01). The suspensions are subject to a range of shear stresses (0.01–0.07 Pa) above and below the yield stress values of the two suspensions (σyS=0.035Pa, σyR=0.02Pa). During creep, suspensions of rough colloids exhibit four to five times higher strain deformation compared to smooth colloids, irrespective of the applied stress. The interlocking of surface asperities in rough colloids is likely to generate a heterogeneous microstructure, favoring dynamic particle activity and percolation of strain heterogeneities, therefore resulting in higher magnitude of strain deformation and an earlier onset of steady flow. Strain recovery after the cessation of stress reveals a nonmonotonic recoverable strain for rough colloids, where the peak recoverable strain is observed near the yield stress, followed by a steep decline with increasing stress. This type of response suggests that frictional constraints between geometrically frustrated interlocking contacts can serve as particle bonds capable of higher elastic recovery but only near the yield stress. Understanding how particle roughness affects macroscopic creep and recovery is useful in designing yield stress fluids for additive manufacturing and product formulations.
Effect of non-unitary mixing on the mass hierarchy and CP violation determination at the Protvino to ORCA experiment
Authors: Kaur Daljeet , Chowdhury Nafis Rezwan Khan , Rahaman Ushak
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we have estimated the neutrino mass ordering and the CP violation sensitivity of the proposed Protvino to ORCA (P2O) experiment after 6 years of data-taking. Both unitary and non-unitary $$3\times 3$$

3
×
3

neutrino mass mixing have been considered in the simulations. A forecast analysis deriving possible future constraints on non-unitary parameters at P2O have been performed.
Macrophages as Targets in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy
Authors: Liu Yu-ting , Mao Zheng-wei , Ding Yuan , Wang Wei-lin
Published: February 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with a complex and diverse immunosuppressive microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are an essential component of the tumor immune microenvironment. TAMs typically exist in two primary states: anti-tumor M1 macrophages and protumor M2 macrophages. Remarkably, TAMs possess high plasticity, enabling them to switch between different subtypes or alter their biological functions in response to the tumor microenvironment.

Based on research into the biological role of TAMs in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors, including HCC, TAMs are emerging as promising targets for novel tumor treatment strategies. In this review, we provide a detailed introduction to the origin and subtypes of TAMs, elucidate their interactions with other cells in the complex tumor microenvironment of HCC, and describe the biological roles, characteristics, and mechanisms of TAMs in the progression of HCC. Furthermore, we furnish an overview of the latest therapeutic strategies targeting TAMs.
Nerinetide Reduces Early Infarct Growth Among Stroke Patients Undergoing EVT Without Intravenous Alteplase
Authors: Rex Nathaniel B. , Ospel Johanna M. , McDonough Rosalie V. , Kashani Nima , Rinkel Leon A. , Buck Brian H. , Rempel Jeremy , McTaggart Ryan A. , Nogueira Raul G. , Poppe Alexandre Y. , Dowlatshahi Dar , van Adel Brian A. , Swartz Richard H. , Shah Ruchir A. , Sauvageau Eric , Demchuk Andrew M. , Tymianski Michael , Hill Michael D. , Goyal Mayank ,   the ESCAPE‐NA1 Investigators
Published: February 2024

Background

Nerinetide treatment was associated with better clinical outcomes among patients with stroke undergoing endovascular treatment who were not treated with concurrent alteplase in the randomized ESCAPE‐NA1 (Efficacy and Safety of Nerinetide for the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke) trial. In patients receiving alteplase, no such effect was seen due to an inactivation of nerinetide by plasmin – the product of tissue plasminogen activation. We hypothesized that improved outcomes in the no‐alteplase patients were associated with reduced infarct growth, a radiological correlate of improved stroke outcomes.

Methods

Data are from the no‐alteplase stratum of the ESCAPE‐NA1 trial. Patients who underwent computer tomography perfusion (CTP) as part of routine clinical care were included. Admission CTP source data were processed using RAPID software. Infarct core at baseline was defined as areas of relative cerebral blood flow <30% on CTP. Final infarct volume was determined via manual segmentation on 24‐hour CT or magnetic resonance diffusion‐weighted imaging. We compared infarct growth (defined as 24‐hour infarct volume minus CTP‐estimated baseline infarct core) among no‐alteplase patients treated with versus without nerinetide.

Results

CTP maps were available in 413/1105 (37%) ESCAPE‐NA1 participants. Of these, 179 (43%) were treated without alteplase, 79 (44%) received nerinetide, and 100 (56%) received placebo. Prior administration of alteplase modified the treatment effect of nerinetide on infarct growth in a multivariable model that was adjusted for age, sex, baseline infarct core volume, expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score, and time from baseline imaging to reperfusion (
P
 = 0.005). In no‐alteplase patients, infarct growth was larger over 24 hours in the control (34.9 mL interquartile range[IQR] [6.8–127]) versus nerinetide (19.6 mL IQR [1.7–49.1];
P
 = 0.008) groups. In patients who received prior alteplase (n = 234), there was no difference in infarct growth between those who received placebo versus nerinetide (10.5 mL IQR [−1.3 to 67.4] versus 12.8 mL IQR [0.35–55.5];
P
 = 0.62).

Conclusion

Nerinetide was associated with decreased infarct growth in acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing thrombectomy without concurrent alteplase in the ESCAPE‐NA1 trial.
From the Triple Helix Model of Innovations to the Quantitative Theory of Meaning
Authors: Ivanova Inga
Published: February 2024

The paper dates back to the period when the author became acquainted with Loet Leydesdorff and is mainly devoted to the research that the author had the opportunity to conduct together with Loet. Major research topics include the development of the Triple Helix model and the dynamic model of inter-social communication, which appear to be closely interrelated. The full consequences of his work are yet to be realized. I also present a vision of possible applications and future extensions of Loet’s work.
The Church Registration Processes in the Czech Republic: Current Situation from the Perspective of Sociological Jurisprudence
Authors: Rigel Filip , Tlčimuková Petra
Published: February 2024

The study presents a critical view of the church registration processes in the Czech Republic from a sociological jurisprudence perspective. First, it reviews the main issues as they appear in the current debate on the relationship between the state and religion. Next, it addresses the socio-cultural specifics of the relationship between state and religion in the Czech Republic and describes the current legal settings. The analytical part focuses on the judicial review of church registration processes between 2010 and 2022. Finally, the authors review individual cases and their legal outcomes to gain insight into the key problematic issues. The authors argue that (a) the national legal setting creates an unequal environment for the organizations that have been assessed in the study, and that (b) consequently, the state often exceeds its authority in the church registration process.
The Black Stone and the City of Light: Devotional Cityscapes and the Poetics of “Idolatry” in Matan Lāl Āfarīn Persian Mas̱nawī on Vārāṇasī (1778–9)
Authors: Pellò Stefano
Published: February 2024

This paper explores a hitherto unstudied Persian masnawī in praise of the sacred city of Vāraṇāsī, the Kāšī-stut (a phonetically Persianized variant of kāśī stuti, “Hymn to Vārāṇasī”) composed in 1778–9 by a little known Kāyastha scribe from Allahabad, Matan Lāl Āfarīn. The text, is an original poetic transposition of the Hindu religious landscape of Vārāṇasī in Persian verse, conjuring classical and post-classical Persian poetic conventions on the non-Islamic sphere and Sanskrit models such as the Kāśīkhaṇḍa, the Kāśīrahasya or other māhātmyas, and containing an impressive amount of descriptions (sometimes very technical) of idols, temples, pilgrimages, devotees, ascetics, the Ganges and so on. In view of the extraordinary value of the document (from the historical as well as from the literary side) the main aim of the article is not only to discuss the complex socio-cultural entanglements of the treatment of “idolatry” by a late eighteenth-century Hindu poet of Persian, but also, at the same time, to present, as far as I know for the first time, an important Persian document on early modern Vārāṇasī hitherto completely ignored by scholars. The study of the text against the background of contemporary trends in Persian poetry, in South Asia as well as in Iran, will, moreover, provide us with a proper set of interpretative tools for reading what we should begin to call the Hindu Persian literature of the eighteenth century.
David’s Descendants: Legitimacy and Identity Representations of the Converted Safavid Viceroys in East Georgia (1580–1724)
Authors: Kharebava Nana
Published: February 2024

This scholarly exploration delves into the intersection of religious alignment and the validity of governance within identity representations embodied by the Safavid Viceroys (1501–1722), the Georgian Kings of Kartli and Kakheti. Nestled between the Greater and Lesser Caucasus, these eastern Georgian territories stood not merely as the focal point of Safavid Iran’s political aspirations but also attracted the attention of Ottoman and Russian imperial strategies. The bi-centennial discord involving Georgian monarchs and their Muslim liege lords transcended conventional political and martial realms, seeping into the spheres of cultural and religious discourse. Within this context, the religious affinities of Georgian subordinates crystallised into a pivotal aspect of the Safavid-Georgian interactions, precipitating the evolution of divergent, fabricated religious affiliations. The Georgian-Persian bilingual documents furnish an invaluable comparative lens to juxtapose the variant religious portrayals of a single Georgian King, in his role as a Safavid Viceroy.
White Supremacy and the January 6 Insurrection
Authors: DiMaggio Anthony , Wahlrab Amentahru , Ochs Holona
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we argue that white supremacist values have been mainstreamed in the United States, and that the values driving the male supremacist and white supremacist movements are significant in fueling mass sympathy for January 6th (J6). To examine the white and male supremacy questions in relation to J6, we draw on a national survey from IPSOS. We also commissioned a poll with Harris Insights. The IPSOS poll was conducted from July 30 to August 16, 2021, and includes a nationally representative sample of 5,299 Americans. The Harris poll was conducted from October 20–25, 2022, and contacted a nationally representative sample of 2,029 Americans. We argue that J6 should be understood at the nexus point between white supremacist, populist, and fascist politics, not only in terms of the values driving the insurrectionists, but those in the mass public who are sympathetic to them. Right-wing populism, we believe, privileges white supremacy and white nationalism, male supremacy and political leadership that relies on an appeal to the cult of patriarchal personality, trust in the wisdom of “the people,” and distrust of political leaders – particularly Democratic leaders – who are framed as “corrupt,” “out of touch” “elites” working against the public good and democracy.
Three Provocations concerning the Uses of Populism
Authors: Arditi Benjamin
Published: February 2024

This article outlines three provocations to shake up the comfort zone of populism studies. These are: that populism may have become an anachronism and we should think about moving on; that populism may work better as a term of derision, as democracy was for the ancient Greeks; that we should describe it as a historical phenomenon, something that happened in the mid-twentieth century but is no longer current. So, my suggestion to populism scholars is to drop the term, use it to disqualify opponents, or refer to it as something that happened some time ago.
Populism without a People, or the Politics of Proximity
Authors: Annunziata Rocío
Published: February 2024

There is a tendency to find populist characteristics in all experiences of representation based on personal leaderships which present themselves as outsiders and establish direct communication with the citizenry. This paper seeks to contribute to avoid this conceptual stretching, proposing to start from a concept of a higher level of generality, “immediate politics”, and then differentiate between a populist type and a type that I will call “proximity”. The anti-charismatic or proximity identification is based on the figure of the “ordinary person”, close and empathetic, although without the component of “extraordinary person” implied in charisma, and without the correlate of the construction of a collective subject or People. In short, this paper asks about this kind of “populism without a People” that is also present in contemporary politics.
Populist Inclusion of Ecuadorian Emigrants under Rafael Correa’s Presidency
Authors: Selçuk Orçun , Valdivieso Salomé
Published: February 2024

This article studies Rafael Correa’s populist inclusion of Ecuadorian emigrants. It unpacks Correa’s inclusionary populism toward the emigrants at symbolic, political, and material levels. The article utilizes a qualitative content analysis of Correa’s weekly TV show, the Citizen Link (2007–2017). The findings reveal that Correa considered the emigrants as part of “the people,” who were forced to leave the country after the 1999 Banking Crisis. In line with his left-wing populist leadership, Correa viewed them as the victims of neoliberalism and the financial elite. Moreover, Correa politically included the emigrants by extending their voting rights and creating permanent seats in the National Assembly. Finally, Correa materially included the Ecuadorian emigrants by increasing the number of embassies, consulates, and cultural houses as well as facilitating the emigrants’ return. These findings have implications for the relationship between populism and emigration in Latin America and other migrant-sending regions.
Revision of the Griburius posticatus (Suffrian, 1866) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae)
Authors: SASSI DAVIDE
Published: February 2024

Nine species of Griburius Haldeman, 1849 have been revised and critically discussed. One additional species, formerly included in Metallactus Suffrian, 1852, has been transferred to Griburius: Griburius tredecimpunctatus (Suffrian, 1866) comb. nov. The following synonymies are proposed: Griburius hyacinthinus (Erichson, 1848) (= Griburius fragrans (Suffrian, 1866) syn nov.), Griburius posticatus (Suffrian, 1866) (= Griburius distigma (Suffrian, 1866) syn nov.; = Griburius rufomarginatus (Suffrian, 1866) syn nov.), Griburius tredecimpunctatus (Suffrian, 1866) comb. nov. (= Griburius incomparabilis (Suffrian, 1866) syn. nov.). Type series of each species were tracked down and a lectotype was designated for each of them, respectively. Redescriptions, illustrations and current known distribution of all the treated species are given. Additionally, Griburius bicoloratus sp. nov. and Griburius consanguineus sp. nov., both from Brazil, are described as new to science.
Redescription of the tiger beetle Cicindelidia aeneicollis (Bates 1881) (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) and discovery of new morphological variants from the Pacific Slope of Mexico
Authors: DURAN DANIEL P. , SHETTERLY JOHN A. , VOGTSBERGER ROY C.
Published: February 2024

The tiger beetle species, Cicindelidia aeneicollis (Bates 1881) is redescribed, as Bates’ original description was inadequate and did not accurately capture the character states or variation found within the species. The specific epithet ‘aeneicollis’ is partially misleading as the proepisternum is mostly aeneous (bronze/copper) with the basal quarter to third being polychromatic, which the description does not convey. Some populations of this species from the western coast of Mexico exhibit significant variation in maculations, with individuals ranging from weakly marked (as in Bates’ description) to much more extensively marked.
Illustrated identification key to females of the genus Sabethes Robineau-Desvoidy recorded from Brazil (Diptera: Culicidae), in dichotomous and interactive formats, including an updated list of species and new records for the states
Authors: NEVES MAYCON SEBASTIÃO ALBERTO SANTOS , MOTTA MONIQUE ALBUQUERQUE , MACIEL-DE-FREITAS RAFAEL , XAVIER ALEXANDRE DA SILVA , LOURENÇO-DE-OLIVEIRA RICARDO , SILVA-DO-NASCIMENTO TERESA FERNANDES
Published: February 2024

Female mosquitoes of the genus Sabethes Robineau-Desvoidy, 1827 are implicated in the transmission of several arboviruses, including yellow fever virus. Here, we present an illustrated species identification key for females of the genus Sabethes recorded in Brazil, except Sa. nitidus Theobald, 1901 and Sa. harbachi Nascimento-Pereira, Guimarães, Lourenço-de-Oliveira & Motta, 2021 as only the males of these species are known. The key is available in dichotomous and interactive formats. An updated list of the Sabethes species of Brazil and new occurrence records for the states of the country are provided. The type localities of four species—Sa. glaucodaemon (Dyar & Shannon, 1925), Sa. amazonicus Gordon & Evans, 1922, Sa. belisarioi Neiva, 1908 and Sa. soperi Lane & Cerqueira, 1942—are corrected or restricted.
Description of a new species Euphanias sergreevae sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Oxytelinae) from Western Siberia, Russia
Authors: SALNITSKA MARIA , SHEYKIN SERGEY , SEMERIKOVA DARIA
Published: February 2024

The new species Euphanias sergreevae sp. nov. from the shores of a saline lake in Western Siberia, Russia is described in this paper. The paper examines the type material of two closely related species Euphanias pusanovi Blinstein, 1976 and Euphanias pliginskii Bernhauer, 1912. The species are illustrated with color photographs of the habitus and aedeagus, scanning electron micrographs, and line drawings of the terminalia. A complete distribution map for all members of the genus is given and distribution patterns are discussed.
Review of the subgenus Tarpheion of the genus Blacus Nees (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Brachistinae) from China, with description of nine new species and eight new records
Authors: LU QIAN-YU , CHAI HONG-FEI , ACHTERBERG CORNELIS VAN , TANG PU , CHEN XUE-XIN
Published: February 2024

An updated key to the currently known species of the subgenus Tarpheion van Achterberg, 1976 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Blacus) in China is provided. Nine new species are proposed, B. (T.) adelphius sp. nov., B. (T.) frontalis sp. nov., B. (T.) gilvus sp. nov., B. (T.) hainanensis sp. nov., B. (T.) parilis sp. nov., B. (T.) reticulatus sp. nov., B. (T.) sculptilis sp. nov., B. (T.) tanae sp. nov., and B. (T.) wuyishanensis sp. nov. Eight species, B. (T.) achterbergi Haeselbarth, 1976, B. (T.) albiventris van Achterberg, 1988, B. (T.) angichorus van Achterberg, 1988, B. (T.) antennalis van Achterberg, 1988, B. (T.) apicalis van Achterberg, 1976, B. (T.) artomandibularis van Achterberg, 1976, B. (T.) bicolor van Achterberg, 1988, and B. (T.) soror van Achterberg, 1988, are newly recorded from China.
New species and new records of chigger mites (Acariformes, Trombiculidae) from Cambodia
Authors: ANTONOVSKAIA ANASTASIA A. , MORAND SERGE , STEKOLNIKOV ALEXANDR A.
Published: February 2024

Two new chigger species, Leptotrombidium mondulkiri sp. nov. and Walchia keoseima sp. nov., and one new subspecies, Leptotrombidium pilosum cambodiensis subsp. nov., are described from Cambodia. Three species, Walchia lupella (Traub and Evans, 1957), W. micropelta (Traub and Evans, 1957), and W. kritochaeta (Traub and Evans, 1957), are for the first time reported from the country. A redescription of W. lupella is given based on new materials from Cambodia and Thailand.
A new Chinese Cyclogethes pollen beetle, with an updated key to species of the genus and notes on its phylogenetic positioning (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Meligethinae)
Authors: LIU MEIKE , WANG XINYUE , YANG XINGKE , HUANG MIN , AUDISIO PAOLO , GARDINI PIETRO , SABATELLI SIMONE
Published: February 2024

A peculiar new species of the genus Cyclogethes Kirejtshuk, 1979, C. tibialis sp. nov., is described from Southwestern China (Yunnan). The new species appears to be morphologically rather isolated from the other known members of this essentially Oriental genus (including half a dozen species from Northern Indian subcontinent, Northern Indochina, and Southwestern China). However, it could be more closely related to C. abnormis Kirejtshuk, 1979 from Northern India, Indochina, and Southwestern China, and to C. aldridgei Kirejtshuk, 1980 from Northern India and Nepal, from which it is easily distinguished by the more elongate body shape, and by the markedly sinuate hind tibiae in both sexes (a very unusual character state in Meligethinae, where only males of some species exhibit sexual secondary characters in the tibial shape). The new species also differs from other known taxa of the genus by the shape of the male and female genitalia. The larval hostplants of members of Cyclogethes are thus far unknown, although some clues, also involving the new species described herein, may suggest a relationship with small trees or shrubs of the family Asteraceae. Preliminary and incomplete molecular data on a studied member of the genus (C. abnormis) seems to not disagree with a phylogenetic positioning of Cyclogethes in a clade including the African genera Tarchonanthogethes Audisio & Cline, 2009, its allied Afrotropical taxa, and the Palaearctic genera Meligethes Stephens, 1830 and Brassicogethes Audisio & Cline, 2009. The article includes an updated identification key for all six known species of this genus and an updated map of their known geographic distribution.
A new species and three records of Chloroperlidae (Plecoptera) from China
Authors: ZHANG YAO , WANG BINGLI , YAO GANG , LI WENLIANG , LI WEIHAI
Published: February 2024

A new species of the genus Suwallia Ricker, 1943, S. rostrata sp. nov., from Xizang of southwestern China is described, illustrated and compared with similar species. Alloperla kurentzovi Zhiltzova & Zapekina-Dulkeit, 1977, A. kurilensis Zhiltzova, 1978, A. teleckojensis Šámal, 1939 are reported for the first time from China. The diagnostic features of these species are illustrated with color images.
Indic Education in Pre-Colonial India
Authors: Roy Himanshu
Published: February 2024

School education in pre-colonial India was universal and inclusive. Children of every caste and class, at an average age of 5 years, attended schools. The elementary school teaching consisted of three universal subjects: akshara (script) gyan, bhasha (language) gyan and arithmetic. The fourth subject varied from regions to regions: it was moral–civic education to skill education. The education was in the mother tongue. The higher education was in medium of Sanskrit. After the arrival of Muslim rulers, Persian became the alternative language of instruction, and there was a change in the course curriculum. The Muslim students were compulsorily taught the Quran, and the medium of instruction was Persian. Students interested in higher academics and research had wide number of subjects to study—grammar, philosophy, medicine and others. These students were called Brahmins, and based on their professional skills, they were designated as acharyas, upadhyaya, mukhopadhyay and so forth. The technical skills and the knowledge required constant upgradation as India was the hub of the pre-colonial economy, the ‘land of desire’. This knowledge and skill had also made her the ‘land of wisdom’. That’s how Hegel used to address about India in his class rooms in 1820s in Germany.
Course and Outcome of Anorexia Nervosa in Adolescents from a Tertiary-level Mental Health Setting in India: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Sravanti Lakshmi , Velusamy Arul , Karki Utkarsh , Kommu John Vijay Sagar , Girimaji Satish Chandra
Published: February 2024

Background:

Anorexia nervosa is one of the least studied mental health conditions in the Indian setting. The objective of this study was to assess the course and outcome of anorexia nervosa in adolescents who had presented to a tertiary care child and adolescent psychiatry center over a period of 10 years.

Methods:

The present study is a retrospective chart review of adolescents (up to the age of 18 years) with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, coded as F50.0 or F50.1 according to ICD 10, from 1st April 2009 to 31st March 2019. Data were extracted from the case records using standardized abstraction forms and evaluated using descriptive and nonparametric statistics.

Results:

The average age at presentation and the average age at onset were 14.1 years and 13.1 years, respectively. The male-to-female ratio of the sample who got admitted was 1:9. The average duration of hospital stay was about 30 days. The duration of in-patient care and weight gain were positively correlated, with severe to extremely ill adolescents improving even in less than one month of in-patient care. Seventy per cent of the admitted adolescents followed up. The functional outcome as measured by a ‘return to school’ improved in 57.1% of the sample.

Conclusions:

The present study highlights the collaborative multidisciplinary and individualized treatment approach employed for adolescents diagnosed with anorexia nervosa within an inpatient mental health facility in India. Adolescents who presented with more severe illness at the initial assessment, such as an early onset of symptoms and a low BMI, experienced substantial weight gain that exhibited a positive correlation with the length of their stay in the inpatient facility.
Moderating Role of Gender and Job Position in the Relationship between Compensation Practice and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour
Authors: Khan Abu Daud Lutful Zamir , Rubel Mohammad Rabiul Basher
Published: February 2024

This article aims at investigating how the binary dummy-coded gender (female = 1, male = 0) and job position (operator = 1, supervisor = 0) moderate the direct relationship between compensation practice and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) in the ready-made garments manufacturing industry of Bangladesh. The present study employed the PLS-SEM (partial least square-structural equation modelling) technique to test the reliability and validity (convergent and discriminant) of the measurement scales and to verify the study hypotheses. The study used SPSS version 20 for descriptive analysis and SmartPLS version 3.3.9 for inferential statistical analysis. The results of this cross-sectional study of 121 employees revealed the significant moderating effect of gender and job position in the positive relationship between compensation practice and OCB. The study results also evidenced that the positive relationship between compensation practice and OCB showed stronger for female employees compared to males. Besides, the results equally confirmed that the compensation practice–OCB relationship became stronger for operator-level employees than supervisors. Findings are discussed in consistency with the previous studies and suggestions for future researchers and practitioners are highlighted at the end of this study.
Science and Technology Ventures in India: Integrating NIS, SSI and Ecosystem Perspectives
Authors: Prabhu Vikas Namadeva , Jha Srivardhini K. , Krishnan Rishikesha T.
Published: February 2024

The study traces the emergence of science and technology ventures (STVs) in India through two systemic lenses—National Innovation System (NIS) perspective, which espouses a top-down, policy-driven approach to encourage STVs, and the ecosystem perspective, which highlights the role of independent organisations in nucleating STVs. Converging the NIS and ecosystem perspectives—at sectoral levels—is found to be germane for STV emergence. The sectoral systems of innovation (SSI) perspective is then advanced to emphasise how the integration of NIS and ecosystem approaches has enabled a thriving STV landscape in India. The case of biotech sector is discussed to illustrate the integration. Based on this analysis, the study advocates policy intervention at the sectoral level, and a thrust on firm-centric innovation as a complement to investments in fundamental research, to unleash a wave of STVs in the country.
A Retrospective of Workplace Deviance in Hospitality: A Two-tier Literature Review
Authors: Abas Basit , Iqbal Sahar , Bukhari Shazia , Villivalam Srikanth , Khan Mohsin
Published: February 2024

The detrimental impacts of employee deviant behaviour within workplaces have garnered considerable attention from both organizational scholars and practitioners. However, the existing research on workplace deviance remains fragmented, leaving significant knowledge gaps in this area. To address this void, our study conducts a meticulous bibliometric analysis of the literature on workplace deviance in the context of the hospitality industry, offering insights into its evolution over time. We meticulously gathered and examined 80 papers from reputable journals, spanning the years 1996–2022, using the biblioshiny. Our findings underscore the pressing need for more extensive research on workplace deviance in the hospitality sector, given its labour-intensive nature. Moreover, our analysis suggests that emerging economies hold substantial potential for contributing to this field of study. By employing quantitative bibliometric techniques, this study provides a comprehensive overview of workplace deviance research within the hospitality domain, shedding light on emerging trends and patterns in behavioural research within the hotel industry.
Social Media Influencer Marketing: Building a Deeper Understanding through Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Khurana Tripta , Pannu Sonia , Dalal Garima
Published: February 2024

Influencer marketing (IM) is growing in popularity, and many advertisers intend to either start using influencers or utilize them more regularly in their media combinations. Despite the expansion in this field, there remains a lack of academic or strategic insights pertinent to influencers. Our goal in doing this bibliometric analysis is to assess the global trends in IM domain from 2011 to 2022 based on publication output, co-occurrence, co-citation, co-authorship analysis, country collaboration maps, tree map and a three-field plot analysis. The present study included 560 articles for study from the Scopus database. BiblioShiny and VOSviewer packages are used for the analysis. To offer further context, we explore various charts, tables and diagrams in this research that include the publishing year, leading authors, journals, countries collaborations and author keywords. A qualitative analysis is conducted on the top 20 documents based on their times cited per year (TCpY). The result indicates that the number of publications is continuously increasing in the field of IM. This bibliometric analysis offers a complete overview of the subject and advises researchers conducting IM research to concentrate on current issues to add new data and insights to the literature.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Scientific Publications on Customer Loyalty in the Insurance Industry
Authors: Singla Sherry , Sawhney Harpreet Kaur
Published: February 2024

This bibliometric analysis makes a deliberate attempt to convey quantitative and qualitative knowledge on loyalty with regard to the insurance industry. The study includes an examination of 132 articles that were published between 2002 and 2022.

he research articles were subjected to bibliometric analysis using the Scopus database. Research articles related to ‘loyalty in the insurance sector research’ were examined using the VOS viewer software.

he findings of the research showed that customer loyalty has become an increasingly prominent subject in the context of insurance over time. The study has made use of co-occurrence analysis, bibliographic coupling and publication trends. The top journals, authors, nations, articles and organizations have been identified using bibliometric analysis. This article also includes a presentation of the content analysis of selected articles.

iverse studies have been conducted on customer loyalty in various sectors like banking, e-commerce, hospitality and tourism, insurance etc.; however, the goal of the present study is to map the literature on ‘loyalty in the insurance sector’ in Scopus database. This will help to define the main idea and provide the researchers with future research directions. This work will also assist academicians, policy-makers and regulators in understanding the fundamentals of loyalty in the insurance industry and pinpointing the pertinent areas that require further research.
Parent Mediated Interventions for Children with Autism across India: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Rao Vanitha S , Srikanth Nirupama , Santosh Supreeta , Sathya Lakshmi PS  , Athira ND  , Sowmya HR  , Ashok Mysore V  , Raman Vijaya
Published: February 2024

Background:

Lifelong intervention is the mainstay of rehabilitation for individuals on the autism spectrum. The Lancet Commission on care and clinical research on autism has noted the prohibitive cost of intervention services in Low Middle Income Countries and has recommended active involvement of parents in the intervention process. However, there appear to be limited resources for parents to train themselves. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the state of Parent Mediated Interventions across India.

Method:

The study was carried out in two phases. In the first phase, professionals from centers across India were interviewed to understand the methods followed in their centers. In the second phase, focus group discussions were conducted with parents of children on the autism spectrum to understand their needs and challenges in working with their children. The findings from these two phases were then presented to an experienced professionals to corroborate the results.

Results:

Parent-mediated interventions were found to be limited and relying on manuals published in the West. Parents of children above the age of six continued to face challenges in teaching communication and managing difficult behaviors.

Conclusion:

Empowering parents by educating them right from the time of diagnosis of the child will ensure better adult outcomes among individuals with autism spectrum disorders.
Discerning Taliban 2.0 and Afghanistan’s Political Landscape
Authors: Sharma Raghav
Published: February 2024

Politically astute and organisationally deft, the Taliban forged ‘antagonistic cooperation’ with key regional players who courted the movement vigorously as it sought to reinvent itself as ‘Taliban 2.0’. However, two years into the rule of ‘Taliban 2.0’, the chasm between rhetoric and reality has widened. This article disaggregates the idea of ‘Taliban 2.0’, arguing that subtle differences notwithstanding the Taliban is an ideological movement which demonstrates a remarkable contiguity in showing fidelity to its hardline ideology manifested in its attitudes towards women, deployment of violence and links with transnational actors. Domestic political actors too stuttered in responding to the Taliban’s momentum amid a dramatically reconfigured geo-political landscape, a glaring power asymmetry, factionalism within opposition ranks and the rise of new actors like the Daesh which attempted to fill the void.
The Bay of Bengal Subzone Within the Indo-Pacific: Historical Relevance and Present Orientation
Authors: Chakrabarti Shantanu
Published: February 2024

Paradigms and conceptualisations are essential tools used in international relations literature. Such conceptualisations, however, continue to be heavily dependent on Western epistemology and strategically oriented. Such theoretical models and projections fail to adequately conceptualise the Indo-Pacific region. The neglect of local connectivity and subregions within the Indo-Pacific world has resulted in a relative understudy of the Bay of Bengal zone, a crucial subregion within the Indo-Pacific. The essay argues for a more holistic approach by amalgamating present strategic concerns with indigenous versions of regional projections developed historically. Only by grasping the significance and relevance of past build-ups, it would be possible to understand the Bay of Bengal zone and its effectiveness in creating a vibrant and dynamic Indo-Pacific region.
The Indian Media’s Interface with Diplomacy
Authors: Fareedi Gazala
Published: February 2024

Diplomacy and its institutions have been constantly changing. The manner in which diplomacy was practised in the earlier centuries is vastly different from how it is being practised in the twenty-first century. These changes range from the emergence of the training of messengers, the start of record keeping of diplomatic exchanges, the establishment of resident embassies, codification of formal diplomatic processes, widening domain of actors and issues, the use of multilateral conferences, use of summitry and many others. This evolution has been both a result of and further resulted in changing the larger socio-political-economic dimensions that the world has undergone. Among the myriad contextual changes, the revolution in communications, information and media technology has been phenomenal. This has brought into focus terms like the CNN effect and Vietnam War Syndrome where it is argued that media has had an influence in directing foreign policy choices of countries. Hence, this article seeks to analyse the media’s interface with the most important institution of diplomacy, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It specifically focuses on the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), India. Has the news media acted either as an impediment or an accelerator to diplomatic practice? Has the information overload caused the diplomatic fraternity to face a loss of autonomy in any manner? With the objective of seeking an answer to these questions from diplomacy’s perspective, the article explores the evolution of the External Publicity Division of the MEA, India. The External Publicity Division as it is generally known has been the nodal division leading the institutions’ interface with the media. The actuality of media’s interface with diplomacy in India’s case will be set in the backdrop of the existing literature in the fields of media, diplomacy and foreign policy.
Critical Annotations on Historical Documents: Methodological Possibilities for International Relations Research
Authors: Balasubramaniam Madhura
Published: February 2024

This process note explicates the methodological intervention of maintaining fieldnotes on government documents and its significance for historically situated international relations (IR) research. For the most part, IR scholarship treats archival documents as the neutral preserve of the state, representing its coherent national interests. Building on discussions around critical methods within IR, I argue that there is a need to reflexively engage with the writing and curating practices of the state. This process note deploys the ethnographic hallmark of thick description within IR research through critical annotations on archival documents and other government publications on India’s eastern Himalayan borderlands between 1880 and 1965. These annotations encourage a granular reading of government documents and situate them within a larger context of their production, reception, archival memorialisation and subsequent access. I propose that critical annotations help us move beyond post-hoc analyses of foreign policy in terms of success and failure. Instead, in viewing IR theorising as ‘unfinished dictionaries of the international’, I argue that critical annotations challenge a unitary view of the state and facilitate a more nuanced analysis of foreign policymaking emphasising historical contingencies within which policies are articulated and enacted.
India’s Distinct but Opposing Patent Model Is Under Pressure: Prospects and Challenges in the Global Arena
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Zaheer
Published: February 2024

The Indian patent model is a powerful and well-balanced model that not only complies with the requirements of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) but also considers domestic needs and national interest. This study endorses India’s approach of fully availing itself of public health flexibilities provided in the TRIPS Agreement. India’s well thought out patent model contradicts with the pro-patentee approaches taken by the European Union, the USA and Japan. This study emphasises the challenges and pressures faced by the Indian patent model because of the closer harmonisation agenda being pushed by some high-income countries through bilateral and multilateral free trade agreements. This study argues that in order to effectively respond to harmonisation demands, India needs to be proactive in terms of building regional coalitions and transmitting its model to other like-minded Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries with similar interests. This is a viable approach because most of the ASEAN countries, despite different levels of development and industry, are facing similar challenges in terms of universal access to affordable medicines.
Book review: Swati Mehta and Baldev Singh Shergill, 2023. Innovation Systems, Economic Development and Public Policy: Sustainable Options from Emerging Economies
Authors: Sharma Rajeev
Published: February 2024

Swati Mehta and Baldev Singh Shergill, 2023. Innovation Systems, Economic Development and Public Policy: Sustainable Options from Emerging Economies. Routledge Oxon and New York, 426 pp., £120.00 (Hardback). ISBN: 978-103-22-6605-3.
Surviving Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Qualitative Study of the Long-Term Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Adult Women’s Mental Health
Authors: Manukrishnan  , Bhagabati Krishnamani
Published: February 2024

Childhood sexual harassment is, unfortunately, a common experience for many girls, and the issue’s prevalence is alarming. Studies indicate that a significant percentage of girls are victims of some form of sexual abuse before they reach adulthood. It can have profound and long-lasting effects on a victim’s life, leading to behavioral changes that can continue into adulthood, including anxiety, depression, trust issues, difficulty forming relationships, and more. The issue has significant social and cultural implications, particularly in societies that highly value modesty, virginity, and family honor. The stigma associated with being a victim of sexual abuse can prevent girls from speaking out or seeking help. Research on the long-term consequences of childhood sexual abuse in adult women’s mental health is essential for understanding this issue’s prevalence and long-term effects, and developing effective interventions and prevention strategies. As such, it has chosen to investigate the long-term impact of childhood sexual harassment on adult women’s mental health.