bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Concept of Morality According to Fazlur Rahman
Authors: Ulfa Maria , Syamil Ahmad Hisyam
Published: May 2023

This article examines the concept of morality according to Fazlur Rahman. Where serious morality problems make the younger generation of the Muslim community lose their true foundation of life. As a result, there will be suffering in life, loss of happiness and a meaningful life because of the secular and materialistic way of life that is permeated by their morality. This research will further develop morality, especially on how it can be applied in our education system, not only in rational and material aspects, but also includes moral and spiritual, with a comprehensive and integrative approach, under the tauhid worldview and paradigm, even morals must be applied in the age. Even morals must be applied in the age. This research is focused on the study of literature with a philosophical approach to analyzing Fazlur Rahman's books and books by other authors that are closely related to the topic. Thus, this study finds that Fazlur Rahman's concept of morality is a holistic view of the Qur'an on main themes, such as divinity, human action, nature, and eschatology. This view is the result of his original creation using the theory of multiple motions. From this point of view, Fazlur Rahman considers that the classical theologian's study of the Qur'an is a reductionist attitude, so it only leads to debate. In addition, through this theory, the problem of morality marginalizing humanity and divinity will be overcome. This study is one of the small contributions in order to re-articulate the general conclusions of Islamic metaphysics that have been built by Muslim intellectuals in the past according to the development of contemporary science.
Al-Jadal al-Kalāmī Bayn Nahḍah al-Ulamā’ wa al-Wahhābiyah fī ‘Facebook’: Ṣafhah ‘Abd al-Wahhāb Ahmad Namūdzajan
Authors: Ryandi Ryandi
Published: May 2023

The article discusses the struggle for the “Aswaja theological authority” between the Nahdatul Ulama (NU) and Wahhabi groups on Facebook. This article records how the forms, issues and shifts of the discourse. The study was carried out by observing young NU elite accounts who actively criticized Wahhabi theology on facebook. Data analysis uses discourse analysis. The study found that the struggle for the "Aswaja theological authority" was carried out by the Wahhabi group's post which the NU group responded to. The struggle for the " Aswaja theological authority" was carried out by presenting both classical and contemporary Ulama books from each group. The most discussed theological issues are related to the nature of God, Prophethood, and ‘is Ash'aria Ahlusunnah’? Finally, the struggle for "Aswaja's theological authority" underwent a shift, shifting religious authority, namely complicated theological polemics, and turats on social media have become a common commodity, which anyone is welcome to comment on.
Using Wild Plant Species Grown in Wadi Al – Tib Region North East of Al – Ammara, Iraq, as Indicators of Heavy Metals Accumulation
Authors: Al-Gizzi Israa Amer , Al-Knaany Suhad , Khalaf Raghad
Published: May 2023

The current study included, studying the ability of eight genera of plants belong to Brassicaceae family, Brassica tournifortii, Cakile Arabica, Capsella bursa – pastoris,Carrichtera annua, Diplotaxis acris, Diplotaxis haru , Eruca sativa and Erucaria hispanica to accumulate ten heavy metals Cadmium, Chromium , Copper, Mercury, Manganese ,Nickel ,Lead ,and Zinc . Plant leaves samples were collected from Al-Tib area during spring of 2021.The data demonstrated that, the highest conc. of Cd was 2.7 mg/kg in Diplotaxis acris leaves and lower value was 0.3 mg/kg in Cakile Arabica leaves. For Co, the highest conc.was 1.3 mg/kg in Capsella bursa – pastoris leaves, whereas the lower value was 0.5 mg/kg in Cakile arabica leaves. As for Cr element, the highest Conc. was 14.7 mg/kg in Capsella bursa – pastoris leaves, and the lower value was 2.7 mg/kg in Diplotaxis acris leaves. The highest conc. of Cu was 100.8 mg/kg in Capsella bursa – pastoris leaves, whereas the lower value was 8.8 mg/kg in Cakile arabica leaves. For Hg element the highest Conc. was 1496.2 mg/kg in Brassica tournifortii leaves, and the lower value was 3.1 mg/kg in Erucaria hispanica leaves. Eruca sativa record the highest Conc. value 95.2 mg/kg for Mn element, whereas the lower value was 28.8 mg/kg in Diplotaxis acris leaves. The highest conc. of Pb was 26.4 mg/kg in Capsella bursa – pastoris leaves, and the lower conc. was 1.5 mg/kg in Cakile Arabica leaves, Whereas the highest Conc. of Ni was 24.2 mg/kg in Capsella bursa – pastoris leaves and the lower conc. was 6.1 mg/kg in Cakile Arabica leaves. According to these results, Brassica tournifortii was more capable of accumulating heavy metals, while Erucaria hispanica was the least compared to the rest plants.
Surface Modification of the Improved Stainless Steel Alloy AISI-304 and the Use of Diffusion Coating and a Study of Its Efficiency in Resistivity Hot Corrosion in an Atmosphere of Sodium Chloride Vapor NaCL and Sodium SulfateNa_2 SO_4
Authors: Khudair Taha Mahmoud , Hamood Mahmood Ahmed
Published: May 2023

This research aims to modify the components of stainless steel alloy by the method of surface engineering through the single diffusion coating technique in order to obtain new alloys with high efficiency in resisting harsh environmental conditions. Steam a mixture of sodium chloride ( ) and sodium sulfate ( ) at a temperature of 900 and then compare it with the base alloy. The results showed that the alloys produced in this way are very efficient. The results showed that the aluminum coating showed high efficiency in resisting oxidation and provided better protection for a longer time compared to the uncoated alloy due to the  oxide crust layer formed with high adhesion as well as the aluminum-rich phases, whether the phases were nickel-aluminum or iron-aluminum. The results also showed that the thickness of the coating and the weight gain of the alloy is subject to the parabola relationship with time.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract of Typha domingensis Pers. Pollen (qurraid) and Evaluate its Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Shareef Ali Aboud , Farhan Fadhil Jabbar , Alriyahee Fulla A. Alsatter
Published: May 2023

In this study, the aqueous extract of (Typha domingensis Pers.) pollen grain (qurraid) to know its ability to manufacture silver nanoparticles. Qurraid is a semi-solid yellow food substance, sold in Basra markets and eaten by the local population. It is made from the pollen of the T.  domingensis Pers. plant after being pressed and treated with water vapor. The Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) reaction was done to identify the active compounds of qurraid aqueous extract. The ability of the aqueous extract of qurraid to manufacture silver nanoparticles was tested, and the construction of silver nanoparticles was inferred by the reaction mixture's color, which ranged from yellow to dark brown. The synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were described by UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX. Then its anti-bacterial activity was estimated by the agar well diffusion method. The findings of the GC-MS analysis of the qurraid aqueous extract showed the major components with their ratio were: 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural with RT%  13.6196, 3-Deoxy-d-mannoic lactone 6.4285,. alpha.-L-lyxo-Hexopyranoside, methyl 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy- 4.264, 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- 3.2078, and 1,3-Methylene-d-arabitol 3.1257. The construction of silver nanoparticles was described by spectroscopic methods, where the highest peak was recorded at 400nm by UV-Vis spectrum, which indicates the silver spectrum. The mineral nature of AgNPs was confirmed by XRD analysis, in which the highest peaks were, 111, 300, and 330 were recorded. In addition, the qrdAgNPs nanoparticles were spherical with sizes ranging from 20-70nm. The results of the EDX confirmed that the chemical composition of AgNPs was silver. The ability of the AgNPs was tested against four bacterial species, three of which were Gram-negative Escherichia coli A1, Escherichia coli A2, Alcaligenes faecalis AL1,  and the fourth was Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus zanthoxyli B1 , which were identified by traditional and molecular methods using 16SrRNA gene sequencing, antibacterial activity results of AgNPs  showed that it increases with increasing of  AgNPs concentration, and the most sensitive species to silver particles was  Alcaligenes faecalis AL1bacteria.
A New Approach for Developing Spectrophotometric Determination of Phenylephrine Drug in Pure, Pharmaceutics and Serum Samples Using Sodium Periodate as Oxidizing Agent via a Green Method of CFIA/Merging Zone Technique
Authors: Hamed Shahad L. , Qassim Bushra B.
Published: May 2023

The research involved a rapid, automated and highly accurate developed CFIA/MZ technique for estimation of phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHE) in pure, dosage forms and biological sample. This method is based on oxidative coupling reaction of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) with PHE in existence of sodium periodate as oxidizing agent in alkaline medium to form a red colored product at ʎmax )520 nm (. A flow rate of 4.3 mL.min-1 using distilled water as a carrier, the method of FIA proved to be as a sensitive and economic analytical tool for estimation of PHE.
Within the concentration range of 5-300 μg.mL-1, a calibration curve was rectilinear, where the detection limit was 3.252 μg.mL-1, and the RSD% was 4.09. Recovery was 100.55% with a sample throughput of 62 sample/hr. The proposed method was successfully applied for determining PHE in serum samples and pharmaceutical formulations, the interference of excipients was studied. The mechanism of the chemical reaction has been proposed. When the suggested method's results were compared to those provided by a British Pharmacopeia reference method, there was no discernible difference between the two at the 95 percent confidence level.
Preparation and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles and its Medical Application against Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Abbas Azhin Zainel , Abdulrahman Rosure Borhanalden , Mustafa Thikra A.
Published: May 2023

The fabrication of Solid and Hollow silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) has been achieved and their characterization was performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential, UV–VIS spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A TEM image revealed a quasispherical form for both Solid and Hollow Ag NPs. The measurement of surface charge revealed that although Hollow Ag NPs have a zeta potential of -43 mV, Solid Ag NPs have a zeta potential of -33 mV. According to UV-VIS spectroscopy measurement Solid and Hollow Ag NPs both showed absorption peaks at wavelengths of 436 nm and 412 nm, respectively. XRD pattern demonstrates that the samples' crystal structure is cubic, similar to that of the bulk materials, with average particle sizes of 28 nm and 27 nm for Solid and Hollow Ag NPs, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized Ag NPs was tested on some pathogenic bacterial strains which were isolated from urinary tract infection (UTI) and burn infection. The experiment results showed positive bactericidal activity against isolated bacteria with Solid Ag NPs which were most effective against both G-ve and G+ve bacteria. In addition, solid nanoparticles showed time and concentration dependent antibacterial activity.
Classification of Arabic Alphabets Using a Combination of a Convolutional Neural Network and the Morphological Gradient Method
Authors: EL ATILLAH Mouhssine , EL FAZAZY Khalid , Riffi Jamal
Published: May 2023

The field of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is the process of converting an image of text into a machine-readable text format. The classification of Arabic manuscripts in general is part of this field. In recent years, the processing of Arabian image databases by deep learning architectures has experienced a remarkable development. However, this remains insufficient to satisfy the enormous wealth of Arabic manuscripts. In this research, a deep learning architecture is used to address the issue of classifying Arabic letters written by hand. The method based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture as a self-extractor and classifier. Considering the nature of the dataset images (binary images), the contours of the alphabets are detected using the mathematical algorithm of the morphological gradient. After that, the images are passed to the CNN architecture. The available database of Arabic handwritten alphabets on Kaggle is utilized for examining the model. This database consists of 16,800 images divided into two datasets: 13,440 images for training and 3,360 for validation. As a result, the model gives a remarkable accuracy equal to 99.02%.
A Theoretical Investigation of Chemical Bonding of a Heterometallic Trinuclear Cluster Containing Iridium and Ruthenium: [(Cp*Ir) (CpRu)2 (μ3-H) (μ-H)3] by QTAIM Approach
Authors: Hassan Ahlam Hussein , Al-Ibadi Muhsen Abood Muhsen
Published: May 2023

Numerous integral and local electron density’s topological parameters of significant metal-metal and metal-ligand bonding interactions in a trinuclear tetrahydrido cluster [(Cp* Ir) (Cp Ru)2 (μ3-H) (μ-H)3]1 (Cp = η5 -C5Me5), (Cp* = η5 -C5Me4Et) were calculated and interpreted by using the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). The properties of bond critical points such as the delocalization indices δ (A, B), the electron density ρ(r), the local kinetic energy density G(r), the Laplacian of the electron density ∇2ρ(r), the local energy density H(r), the local potential energy density V(r) and ellipticity ε(r) are compared with data from earlier organometallic system studies. A comparison of the topological processes of different atom-atom interactions has become possible thanks to these results. In the core of the heterometallic tetrahydrido cluster, the Ru2IrH4 part, the calculations showed that there are no bond critical points (BCPs) or identical bond paths (BPs) between Ru-Ru and Ru-Ir. The distribution of electron densities is determined by the position of bridging hydride atoms coordinated to Ru-Ru and Ru-Ir, which significantly affects the bonds between these transition metal atoms. On the other hand, the results confirm that the cluster under study contains a 7c–11e bonding interaction delocalized over M3H4, as shown by the non-negligible delocalization index calculations. The small values for ρ(b) above zero, together with the small values, again above zero, for Laplacian ∇2ρ(b) and the small positive values for total energy density H(b), are shown by the Ru-H and Ir-H bonds in this cluster is typical for open-shell interactions. Also, the topological data for the bond interactions between Ir and Ru metal atoms with the C atoms of the cyclopentadienyl Cp ring ligands are similar. They show properties very identical to open-shell interactions in the QTAIM classification.
Semi-Analytical Assessment of Magneto-Hydrodynamic Nano-Fluid Flow Jeffrey- Hamel Problem
Authors: Abdulridah Saja I , Jasim Abeer M
Published: May 2023

In this paper, analyzing the non-dimensional Magnesium-hydrodynamics problem Using nanoparticles in Jeffrey-Hamel flow (JHF) has been studied. The fundamental equations for this issue are reduced to a three-order ordinary differential equation. The current project investigated the effect of the angles between the plates, Reynolds number, nanoparticles volume fraction parameter, and magnetic number on the velocity distribution by using analytical technique known as a perturbation iteration scheme (PIS). The effect of these parameters is similar in the converging and diverging channels except magnetic number that it is different in the divergent channel. Furthermore, the resulting solutions with good convergence and high accuracy for the different values ​​of the physical parameters are in the form a power-series of the problem posed. The efficiency of this method is shown by comparison between for different cases between computed results with numerical solution and solutions by other methods.
Estimating the Parameters of Exponential-Rayleigh Distribution under Type-I Censored Data
Authors: Shatti Rihaam N , Al-Kinani Iden H.
Published: May 2023

This paper discusses estimating the two scale parameters of Exponential-Rayleigh distribution for singly type one censored data which is one of the most important Rights censored data, using the maximum likelihood estimation method (MLEM) which is one of the most popular and widely used classic methods, based on an iterative procedure such as the Newton-Raphson to find estimated values for these two scale parameters by using real data for COVID-19 was taken from the Iraqi Ministry of Health and Environment, AL-Karkh General Hospital. The duration of the study was in the interval 4/5/2020 until 31/8/2020 equivalent to 120 days, where the number of patients who entered the (study) hospital with sample size is (n=785). The number of patients who died during the period of study was (m=88). And the number of patients who survived during the study period was (n-m=697), then utilized one of the most important non-parametric tests which is the Chi-square test to determine if the sample (data) corresponded with the Exponential-Rayleigh distribution (ER). then, after estimating the parameters of ER distribution for singly type-I censoring data, compute the survival function, hazard function, and probability density function.
Artificial Neural Network and Latent Semantic Analysis for Adverse Drug Reaction Detection
Authors: Nafea Ahmed Adil , Omar Nazlia , Al-qfail Zohaa Mubarak
Published: May 2023

Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are important information for verifying the view of the patient on a particular drug. Regular user comments and reviews have been considered during the data collection process to extract ADR mentions, when the user reported a side effect after taking a specific medication. In the literature, most researchers focused on machine learning techniques to detect ADR. These methods train the classification model using annotated medical review data. Yet, there are still many challenging issues that face ADR extraction, especially the accuracy of detection. The main aim of this study is to propose LSA with ANN classifiers for ADR detection. The findings show the effectiveness of utilizing LSA with ANN in extracting ADR.
Secure Smart Contract Based on Blockchain to Prevent the Non-Repudiation Phenomenon
Authors: Mohammed Noor Sabah , Dawood Omar Abdulrahman , Sagheer Ali Makki , Nafea Ahmed Adil
Published: May 2023

Blockchain is an innovative technology that has gained interest in all sectors in the era of digital transformation where it manages transactions and saves them in a database. With the increasing financial transactions and the rapidly developed society with growing businesses many people looking for the dream of a better financially independent life, stray from large corporations and organizations to form startups and small businesses. Recently, the increasing demand for employees or institutes to prepare and manage contracts, papers, and the verifications process, in addition to human mistakes led to the emergence of a smart contract. The smart contract has been developed to save time and provide more confidence while dealing, as well as to cover the security aspects of digital management and to solve negotiation concerns. The smart contract was employed in creating a distributed ledger to eliminate the need for centralization. In this paper, a simple prototype has been implemented for the smart contract integrated with blockchain which is simulated in a local server with a set of nodes. Several security objectives, such as confidentiality, authorization, integrity, and non-repudiation, have been achieved in the proposed system. Besides, the paper discussed the importance of using the Blockchain technique, and how it contributed to the management of transactions in addition to how it was implemented in highly transparent real-estate scenarios. The smart contract was employed in creating a distributed ledger to eliminate the need for centralization. The elliptic-curve public key has been adopted as an alternative for the RSA in a signature generation/verification process and encryption protocol. For secure transactions, The Secure Socket Layer (SSL) also has been adopted as a secure layer in the web browser. The results have been investigated and evaluated from different aspects and the implementation was in a restricted environment. Experiments showed us the complexity of time and cost when using the (ECC) algorithm and using (RSA) algorithm depending on the size and length of the key. So if the size of the key in (ECC) equals (160) bits, and it corresponds to (1024) bits in (RSA), which is equivalent to 40% for (ECC) and 30% for (RSA). As a result, the (ECC) algorithm is complex, its key is smaller and the process of generating the key is faster, so it has achieved a high level of security.
Proposed Hybrid Cryptosystems Based on Modifications of Playfair Cipher and RSA Cryptosystem
Authors: Suhael Saja Mohammed , Ahmed Zaynab Anwer , Hussain Abir Jaafer
Published: May 2023

Cipher security is becoming an important step when transmitting important information through networks. The algorithms of cryptography play major roles in providing security and avoiding hacker attacks. In this work two hybrid cryptosystems have been proposed, that combine a modification of the symmetric cryptosystem Playfair cipher called the modified Playfair cipher and two modifications of the asymmetric cryptosystem RSA called the square of RSA technique and the square RSA with Chinese remainder theorem technique. The proposed hybrid cryptosystems have two layers of encryption and decryption. In the first layer the plaintext is encrypted using modified Playfair to get the cipher text, this cipher text will be encrypted using squared RSA to get the final cipher text. This algorithm achieved higher security to data but suffers from a long computational time. So Chinese remainder theorem has been used in the second hybrid cryptosystem to obtain less encryption and decryption time. The simulation results indicated that using the modified Playfair with the proposed square RSA has improved security. Moreover, using the Chinese remainder theorem achieved less encryption and decryption time in comparison to our first proposed and the standard algorithms.
Prospecção Tecnológica de Soluções de Compliance Tributário
Authors: Bevilaqua Ruan Diego , Stefani Teixeira Clarissa
Published: May 2023

Dada a complexidade do sistema tributário brasileiro, as oportunidades de negócio são inúmeras para uma diversidade de stakeholders, cada um associado a uma dimensão do processo de tributação. Apresentar soluções que auxiliem empresas a manter a conformidade de suas obrigações fiscais é uma ótima oportunidade de negócio, visto que essa é uma de suas obrigações legais fundamentais, representando literalmente bilhões de reais por ano. Apesar dessa grande oportunidade para oferta de serviços e produtos especializados no atendimento às necessidades relacionadas ao esforço tributário de milhões de empresas, observou-se não haver aparentemente uma oferta correspondente de inovações tecnológicas, o que pode ser verificado, por exemplo, em consulta aos registros de proteção de propriedade industrial no Brasil, através das entidades de proteção industrial, não correspondendo o volume de registros existentes ao tamanho do mercado, o que pode indicar o uso de outros métodos para proteção de propriedade industrial como, por exemplo, o segredo industrial. Os resultados deste estudo também demonstram que os registros de propriedade industrial relacionados ao tema estão concentrados em algumas grandes empresas do setor de consultoria, e comparativamente, os Estados Unidos possuem mais registros de proteção do que qualquer outro país presente na base utilizada. Conclui-se pela existência de um mercado relativamente inexplorado para inovações tecnológicas que atendam as necessidades tributárias.
Editorial: Saldos da Pandemia
Authors: ZAAK SARAIVA Illyushin , Antonello Ricardo , Butzen Eduardo
Published: May 2023

No Brasil, o primeiro semestre de 2022 pode ficar marcado por diversos fatos importantes como, por exemplo, a constatação de uma pequena melhora nas contas públicas, conforme apontado pelo Tesouro Nacional, se comparado esse período ao 1º semestre de 2021, momento marcado por gastos extremos do executivo com as medidas emergenciais relativas à Pandemia Covid-19, que no final das contas foram motivados em grande medida pela própria política injustificada e irresponsável de negação total da gravidade da pandemia pelo poder executivo, que gerou, além de centenas de milhares de mortos, um saldo de desemprego, falências e fechamento de micro e pequenas empresas em massa, um prejuízo que ainda restará por ser devidamente mensurado no futuro.
Nesta 6ª Edição do Caderno de Propriedade Intelectual e Transferência de Tecnologia, podemos constatar que, se o pior ficou pra trás e se o ano de 2021 vai ficar registrado como aquele em que o Covid-19 mais assolou os brasileiros, ainda restam muitos desafios para recolocar o país nos eixos do desenvolvimento sustentável em que se encontrava até 2014 – período marcado pelo menor desemprego da história e por crescimentos sucessivos do PIB, com criação de dezenas de milhões de novos empregos, sendo em 2015 arrastado por uma corrente destrutiva que culminou finalmente na aparente derrota da racionalidade, do bom senso e da inteligência em 2018 – esta corrente destrutiva, mesmo desgastada pela exposição da gigantesca incompetência à qual a máquina pública brasileira foi submetida, segue agora com o poder de arrastar multidões, insurgindo-se perigosamente.
Equipamento de Baixo Custo com Tecnologia 100% Nacional para Ensaio de Fadiga por Flexão Rotativa
Authors: Wlassak Frederico Murilo , Wolfart Jr. Mario , Ozorio Marcelo de Jesus Cevey , Pasini Mateus Ritter , Lima Diego Rodolfo Simões , Fogliatto Aloysio Arthur Becker
Published: May 2023

Componentes metálicos com funções estruturais devem manter-se íntegros durante toda sua vida útil. Para atingir tais objetivos, é necessário efetuar Avaliações de Integridade Estrutural (AIE) e Previsões de Vida Residual (PVR) periodicamente. O estudo das propriedades dos materiais é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de novos componentes, sendo que uma importante propriedade é a resistência à fadiga, a qual prevê a vida útil do material em balanço. Para ser definida a vida em fadiga, o material deve ser submetido a ensaios cíclicos de tensão alternada, onde o ciclo de tensão máxima e mínima são iguais em magnitude. O valor de ciclos de tensão suportados pelo corpo de prova são representados por N, sendo contabilizado pelo equipamento utilizado no ensaio. O limite de resistência do material a fadiga σn representa o valor máximo suportado por um material em um determinado número de ciclos antes de sua ruptura. A forma como os resultados são apresentados se dá pela curva σ-N, (WÖHLER, 1852 - 1869). Neste trabalho, foi desenvolvido equipamento para ensaio de fadiga por flexão rotativa e sua validação por meio de ensaios em corpos de prova confeccionados em aço AISI 1020 conforme a norma ASTM E 606, após a finalização dos ensaios foi levantada curva σ-N. O desenvolvimento do equipamento e os ensaios foram realizados no LABEMM (Laboratório de Ensaios Mecânicos e Metalúrgicos) localizado no IFC Luzerna. Os resultados obtidos pelo equipamento desenvolvido com recursos próprios apresentam curvas σ-N similares à literatura, e posteriormente será utilizado para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas.
Perilla seed oil as an adjunctive treatment with a statin improves lipid profiles in elderly: a post hoc data analysis
Authors: Chanapuk Rapeebhorn , Sriya Kusuma , Tungsukruthai Parunkul , Pattaraarchachai Junya , Mungtaweepongsa Sombat , Kamalashiran Chuntida
Published: May 2023

Our previous study showed the potential benefit of perilla seed oil for improving lipid profiles in the elderly. We conducted a post hoc data analysis of our previous study to investigate the efficacy of perilla seed oil for improving lipid profiles in the elderly after the 6-month treatment. A total number of 182 patients with mild to moderate dementia were divided into four groups: a perilla seed oil and statins group (G1), a perilla seed oil group (G2), a statins group (G3), and the last group without perilla seed oil and statins (G4). The data were collected from Thammasat Hospital's electronic information system. Data on patients’ lipid levels and other laboratory results were collected before and after the 6-month treatment. Laboratory results were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and paired t-test analysis by SPSS software. The laboratory results after the treatment revealed that the mean values of total cholesterol, LDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio from lipid profiles in G1, G2, and G3 decreased. In G1, total cholesterol decreased from 163.93 to 151.68 mg/dL (p-value = 0.00), and LDL-C decreased from 88.88 to 77.34 mg/dL, while the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio decreased from 1.73 to 0.24. In conclusion, the research showed that perilla seed oil decreased non-HDL cholesterols, especially LDL-C when combined with a statin. Therefore, perilla seed oil, in combination with a statin, enhances favorable lipid profiles.
Radiomic tractometry: a rich and tract-specific class of imaging biomarkers for neuroscience and medical applications
Authors: Neher Peter , Hirjak Dusan , Maier-Hein Klaus
Published: May 2023

Tract-specific microstructural analysis of the brain white matter using diffusion MRI is a driver for neuroscientific discovery with a wide range of applications. Current analysis pipelines have conceptual limitations that narrow their applicability and hamper subject-level analysis and predictions. Radiomic tractometry (RadTract) improves upon that, enabling the extraction and analysis of comprehensive and highly informative microstructural feature sets where previous approaches were restricted to bare summary statistics. We demonstrate the added value in a series of neuroscientific applications, including diagnostic tasks as well as the prediction of demographic and clinical measures across various datasets. Being published as an open and easy-to-use Python package, RadTract could spark the establishment of a new generation of tract-specific imaging biomarkers, with direct benefits for a range of applications from basic neuroscience to medical research.
Corneal endothelial cell loss and intraocular pressure following phacoemulsification using a new viscous-cohesive ophthalmic viscosurgical device
Authors: Wood Keren , Pessach Yuval , Kovalyuk Natalya , Lifshitz Michal , Winter Halit , Pikkel Joseph
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To compare results of two ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) - Viscoat (a dispersive OVD, Alcon) and FR-Pro (a viscous-cohesive OVD, Rayner), in phacoemulsification surgery.
Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study. Patients undergoing phacoemulsification were randomly assigned to receive one of the two OVDs. Exclusion criteria were age under 40, preoperative endothelial cell count (ECC) below 1,500 cells/mm2 and an eventful surgery.
The primary outcome was change in ECC from baseline to postoperative month-one and month-three. Secondary outcomes were the difference between ECC at postoperative month-one and month-three, changes in IOP and occurrence of an IOP spike≥30 mmHg after surgery.
Results: The study included 84 eyes - 43 in the Viscoat group and 41 in the FR-Pro group. Mean cell density loss at month-one and month-three was 17.0% and 19.2%, respectively, for the Viscoat group and 18.4% and 18.8%, respectively, for the FR-Pro group, with no statistically significant difference between the groups (p=0.772 and p=0.671, respectively). The mean ECC difference between the month-one and month-three visits was 50.5 cells/mm2 and was not statistically significant (p=0.285). One eye in each group had an IOP spike≥30 mmHg, both normalized by postoperative week-one.
Conclusions: Viscoat and FR-Pro have comparable results following phacoemulsification surgery, suggesting that while FR-Pro is not a dispersive OVD, its endothelial cell protection may be comparable to one, perhaps due to the addition of sorbitol. Furthermore, a one-month follow-up of ECC seems sufficient in such trials.
Quantitative Electroencephalogram in Term Neonates under Different Sleep States
Authors: Yuan Ian , Georgostathi Georgia , Zhang Bingqing , Hodges Ashley , Kurth C Dean , Kirschen Matthew P. , Huh Jimmy W. , Topjian Alexis A , Lang Shih-shan , Richter Adam , Abend Nicholas S. , Massey Shavonne L.
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
Electroencephalogram (EEG) can be used to assess anesthetic depth, but interpreting EEG can be challenging, especially in neonates whose EEG undergo rapid changes during the perinatal course. EEG can be processed into quantitative EEG (QEEG), but limited data exist on the range of QEEG for normal term neonates during wakefulness and sleep, baseline information needed to determine changes in anesthetic depth during neonatal anesthesia. We aimed to determine the range of QEEG in neonates during awake, active sleep and quiet sleep states, and identified the ones best at discriminating between the three states.
Methods
Normal neonatal EEG from 37–46 weeks were analyzed and classified as awake, quiet sleep, or active sleep. After processing and artefact removal, total power, power ratio, coherence, and entropy, and spectral edge frequency (SEF) 50 and 90 were calculated. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the QEEG in each of the three states. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess discriminatory ability of QEEG.
Results
30 neonates were analyzed. QEEG were different between awake vs asleep states, but similar between active vs quiet sleep states. Entropy beta, delta2 power %, coherence delta2, and SEF50 were best at discriminating awake vs active sleep. Entropy beta had the highest AUC-ROC ≥ 0.84. Entropy beta, entropy delta1, theta power %, and SEF50 were best at discriminating awake vs quiet sleep. All had AUC-ROC ≥ 0.78. In active sleep vs quiet sleep, theta power % had AUC-ROC > 0.69, lower than the other comparisons.
Conclusion
We determined the QEEG range in healthy neonates in different states of consciousness. Entropy beta and SEF50 were best at discriminating between awake and sleep states. QEEG were not as good at discriminating between quiet and active sleep. In the future, QEEG with high discriminatory power can be combinations to further improve ability to differentiate between states of consciousness.
How to Make an Alkaline Lake: Fifty Years of Chemical Divides
Authors: Tosca Nicholas J. , Tutolo Benjamin M.
Published: May 2023

Of all the surface environments on our planet, alkaline lakes are among the most distinctive and significant in terms of their biogeochemistry, climatic sensitivity, and associated mineral deposits. But how does the Earth produce alkaline lakes? Fifty years ago, Lawrence Hardie and Hans Eugster hypothesised that the bewildering complexity of non-marine evaporites could be explained by common successions of mineral precipitation events, or chemical divides. Since that time, the chemical divide concept has provided Earth scientists with an enduring framework within which to integrate new advances in mineral–water equilibria and kinetics, sedimentology, and paleoclimatology. These developments are painting an increasingly detailed picture of how alkaline waters form and interact with magmatic and atmospheric CO2, now and in the distant past.
Making Salt from Water: The Unique Mineralogy of Alkaline Lakes
Authors: Raudsepp Maĳa J. , Wilson Sasha , Morgan Bree
Published: May 2023

Alkaline lakes have some of the most unique and diverse known mineral assemblages as a result of their very high pH and dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations. In these closed-basin systems, aqueous geochemistry and mineralogy are intimately linked, whereby the removal of elements through mineral precipitation controls the lake water geochemistry. The resulting extreme water chemistry of alkaline lakes produces minerals that are rare in other environments, including low-temperature minerals that record valuable environmental information and that are commonly extracted as mineral resources. Alkaline lakes are also excellent environments to study various processes in mineral crystallization, growth, and transformation, including the formation of metastable phases, precipitation after extreme supersaturation, co-precipitation of minerals, and the influence of dynamic conditions.
High Carbonate Alkalinity Lakes on Mars and their Potential Role in an Origin of Life Beyond Earth
Authors: Hurowitz Joel A. , Catling David C. , Fischer Woodward W.
Published: May 2023

The exploration of Mars has revealed that its ancient surface hosted lakes with a dazzling array of chemical and physical conditions and processes. The potential habitability of surface waters has driven studies aimed at understanding whether or not Mars once hosted life. High levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide are probable on early Mars, which means that lakes derived from weathering fluids could have contained substantial carbonate alkalinity. Recent studies show that lakes with high carbonate alkalinity are able to concentrate the phosphate and cyanide that are critical for molecular synthesis in the origin of life. While evidence for carbonate-rich Martian lakes remains limited, NASA’s Perseverance rover may reveal clues about the past existence of such waters in Jezero Crater.
Water Security In Tunda Island, Banten Indonesia: Potency & Threat
Authors: Kepel Terry Louise , Solihuddin Tubagus , Risandi Johan , Daulat August , Heriati Aida , Mustikasari Eva , Mardiany  , Hong Sun-Kee
Published: May 2023

Water availability and management for water security on small islands are critical. The purpose of this research is to uncover the water resources issue at a small island community level as well as discourse on the potential threats and sustainable management for water security. Tunda Island, located in the Java Sea, is one of 81 small islands in Banten Province, Indonesia. Data were collected through focus group discussions, open interviews with key persons, direct field observations, and secondary data gathering. Moreover, we analyzed time series climate data, particularly rainfall and population growth projections, based on data from official Indonesian government sites. The monthly mean precipitation is ranging from a low of 48 mm/month in August to a high of 292 mm/month in January. A “surplus of water” occurs from November to May, while months with a “deficit of water” occur from June to October. The majority of the community is unaware of the water security issue due to a lack of information and knowledge in the community. Some threats to the sustainability of water resources would be caused by two factors, both anthropogenical and natural: rising water demand, diminishing groundwater reserves due to population growth and tourism activities on the island, drought, sea level rise, and seawater intrusion as climate-related impacts due to increasing population growth and tourism activities on the island and drought, sea level rise and seawater intrusion as climate-related impacts. Developing community knowledge and awareness of water security is the main issue that should be handled first, coinciding with sustainable management practices that consider water use efficiency, the use of alternative water sources (e.g., rainwater harvesting), and protecting and restoring coastal ecosystems, especially for the future tourist destination.
Social and ecological impacts, challenges, and lessons learned from the sandfish sea ranching experience in Maliwaliw Island, Eastern Samar, Philippines
Authors: de la Torre-de la Cruz Margarita , Llarenas Gacura Jonh Rey , Villamor Janine , Rescordado Racelle
Published: May 2023

Since the 1970s, Samar and Leyte islands had a thriving sea cucumber fishery but have rapidly declined over the years. In Maliwaliw Island, anecdotal accounts validated by the community revealed that the island had a brisk sea cucumber fishery but collapsed due to uncontrolled collection. In 2013, a sandfish sea ranching project was implemented in Maliwaliw Island, Salcedo, Eastern Samar, to bring back the sandfish that has disappeared from the area, and subsequently provide a supplemental livelihood to the local fishers. This study was conducted to investigate the impacts and lessons learned from the sandfish project. Recruitment of wild stock, increased community knowledge of sea cucumber biology and ecology, additional income through sandfish bycatch, and perceived enhancement of the coastal marine environment of the island were among the positive gains from the project identified by the respondents. On the other hand, poaching by fishers from neighboring communities resulting in inter-community conflicts was a major challenge. Clearly, the sandfish sea ranching project in Maliwaliw achieved ecological, social, and economic impacts on the project participants and the community. However, these gains need to be strengthened with effective management measures including size regulation to sustain the sea cucumber fishery in the area.
No Island is an Island: Understanding the Geo-social Interaction of Small Islands in the Philippine Archipelagoscape
Authors: Hilvano Noba , Bantayan Nathaniel , Pulhin Juan , Nelson Gloria , Arboleda Mark
Published: May 2023

Studies that focus on archipelagos and the interaction between and among islands in an archipelago are lacking. This study aims to contribute to this emerging discussion by determining the geo-social interactions of small islands in the Naranjo Group of Islands, Philippines. Using Social Network Analysis (SNA), descriptive network connectivity statistics — degree centrality, geographical centrality, and network density indices were generated. The geo-social interaction intensity (GSII) index was also calculated to assess the degree of geo-social interactions of the small islands. The geo-social interaction between and among islands in the Naranjo Group of Islands involves access or exchange of resources, goods, and services. The degree of geo-social interaction in the archipelagoscape was influenced by the islanders’ need to access resources, resource availability, distance, weather, transport, and sea condition. The degree of linkages between and among islands in an archipelagoscape serves as a safeguard during a disturbance by promoting resilience against challenges by ensuring continued access to resources or constraining its spread. The study recommends a strengthened geo-social interaction to ensure a continued flow of goods and services necessary for island existence, survival, and well-being. Further research on the relationship between island resilience and connectivity from an archipelagic perspective is also suggested.
Intergenerational Habitat and Memory Transition of Home Town of Overseas Chinese in Southeast China Coastal Region: An Ethnographic Study
Authors: Wang Tao , Tong Sheng-Duo , Kim Chang-Gyeong , Wu Lei , Son Dong-Ju
Published: May 2023

At the beginning of the last century, many people in Fujian, Guangdong and other Southeast China Coastal Region left their hometown and worked hard to make a living in Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia and other countries. Houhuang village, located in Putian City, is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in Fujian Province of China. It is known as the “Nanyang style village” of Putian because of its unique architectural style and cultural landscape. Overseas Chinese play an important role in the construction of Houhuang village, and the precipitated overseas Chinese culture has become one of the most unique and distinctive cultural marks. However, in this village, the memory of overseas Chinese is facing the crisis of “being forgotten”, and the fresh memory of overseas Chinese in personal experience is being eliminated from overseas Chinese culture. By ethnographic research methods and discourse paradigms such as oral history and field investigation, this study explores the reasons, and comes to the conclusion that the “forgetting” of overseas Chinese’s memory in the post period is mainly attributed to four aspects: return obstruction, blood dilution, cultural immersion and no way to give back. At the same time, the weakening of overseas Chinese memory has led to three phenomena: the “otherness” of overseas Chinese groups, the “empty generalization” of identity and the “flattening” of overseas Chinese culture. In this regard, the article puts forward reflection and prospect, hoping to record the memory of overseas Chinese through network media and oral history, change the concept of villagers, and let the historical memory of overseas Chinese continue to live in Southeast China Coastal Region.
ÇOCUK CEZA ADALETİ İLKELERİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE 12-15 YAŞ ARASI ÇOCUKLARIN CEZAİ SORUMLULUĞUNUN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: SAVAŞCI TEMİZ Bilgehan
Published: May 2023

Çocuk ceza adaleti çocuklara yetişkinlerden ayrı bir adalet mekanizmasının kurulmasını öngörmekte, çocuk haklarının gözetildiği bu sistemde çocuklara has makam, usul ve mekanizmaların oluşturulması önem taşımaktadır. Gelişim çağını henüz tamamlamamış çocukların yüksek yararlarının her süreçte gözetilmesi gereken bu mekanizmada çocuğun iyileştirilerek toplumla tekrar bütünleştirilmesi, yaşamını uyumlu ve verimli bir birey olarak sürdürebilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Türk Ceza Hukukunda yaş küçüklüğü evreleri üç gruba ayrılmakta ve her grup için ayrı düzenlemeler bulunmaktadır. Türk Ceza Kanunu ikinci evre yaş küçüklüğü evresinde bulunan 12 yaşını doldurmuş ancak 15 yaşını doldurmamış çocukların kusur yeteneğinin hâkim tarafından değerlendirilmesini ve çocuğun kusur yeteneğinin bulunup bulunmamasına göre indirimli ceza verilmesini ya da çocuklara özgü güvenlik tedbirlerinin uygulanmasını düzenlemektedir. Çocuğa özgü güvenlik tedbirlerinin neler olduğu ise Çocuk Koruma Kanunu’nda yer almaktadır. Çalışmamızda önce çocuk ceza adaleti kavramından, çocuk ceza adaleti sistemi içerisindeki iyileştirme modellerinden ve her süreçte dikkate alınması gereken çocuğun yüksek yararı ilkesinden bahsedilmiş sonrasında ise 12-15 yaş arası çocukların cezai sorumluluğu bu ilkeler kapsamında ulusal ve uluslararası düzenlemelere göre değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.