bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphology and Sequencing of Myxobolus koi DNA that Infects Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) in Blitar Regency
Authors: Soelistyoadi Rachmat Noer , Nurekawati A.D. , Setyawati D.
Published: May 2020

Myxobolus koi is a type of myxospore parasite that infects many fresh ornamental fish, this disease is also called myxobolusis. Currently there are 29 species of Myxobolus that have been identified to infect Cyprinus carpio, with 17 of them infecting gills, so it will be difficult to determine the type of Myxobolusis. This study aims to identify Myxobolus species that infect Cyprinus carpio koi fish based on conventional and molecular analysis. Myxobolus spores obtained from Blitar Regency microscopically have spores length of 11-14 Î¼m with an average of 12.82 ± 0.75 Î¼m and width of 7-8 Î¼m with an average of 7.09 ± 0.84 Î¼m, while the size capsules have a length of 7-8 Î¼m with an average of 7.36 ± 0.497 Î¼m and a width of 2-3 Î¼m with an average of 2.64 ± 0.49 Î¼m n = 10. Electrophoresis results of clinically infected fish Myxobolus koi appeared band (band) at 2000 bp, sequencing DNA Myxobolus koi parasites that infect koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) in Blitar have the highest similarity (percent identity) with the sample code KT.240127.1, namely on Myxobolus koi which infects Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Southwest China. The closest genetic distance of the Myxobolus koi blitar sample to the Myxobolus koi sample in koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) with sample code FJ841887.1 and Myxobolus koi in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with sample code KT240127.1. at the same value 0.273.Keyword : Myxobolus koi, koi (Cyprinus carpio), PCR, Sequencing.
The Effect of Jigsaw Technique on Reading Comprehension and Anxiety of EFL Learners: The Case of Intermediate Iranian Learners
Authors: Bijani Houman , Hashempour Bahareh
Published: May 2020

1.

1.1.1.
The processes of instruction in the control group (CG)

The researchers
started with 40 intermediate students from both adults, adolescents, males and
females. Then, a text from Oxford Intermediate Reading Comprehension textbook
was selected. Afterwards, the researchers distributed the reading text, so that
each person had all the parts of reading. The instructor asked the students to
read the text individually and translate the text sentence by sentence. At the
end of the instruction, the students responded to the reading comprehension
questions individually.

1.1.2.
The processes of instruction in the experimental group (EG)

At the first
step, the researchers focused on 60 intermediate students and divided them into
small cooperative jigsaw groups (i.e., 3-6 persons in each group). The
instructor asked the students to make circles with their chairs. Then, a
reading text from the same source was assigned for the experimental group.
Afterwards, the pieces of reading texts were cut out into separate paragraphs
and were distributed among the students so that each person had a different
part of reading paragraph. The instructor asked each member of the cooperative
jigsaw group to silently read the assigned text. The time allocated for this
stage was 5-10 minutes.

In
the second step, the instructor created new small (2-3) persons “Expert” groups
with the individuals who had read the same material. The students were given
time to discuss what they had read and how they might treat this when they
return to their cooperative groups. This time, the allocated time was 5-10
minutes.

In
the third step, the instructor recreated the original cooperative jigsaw
groups. Then, she had each person explain the content of the reading text to
the rest of the group. In other words, the students shared knowledge, ideas,
and information in terms of pieces of the text which they had in their hands.
In this part, each member of the "expert group" took responsibility
and shared their information with the members of the other group, so that they
could have access to the whole text, sentence by sentence, and were able to
reorganize it. Each member of the group then cooperated with the rest of the
group regarding the content and the subject matter. Each person in the group
was also responsible to learn from the others inside the group. Five minutes
was allocated to this activity.

In
the fourth and the last step, the instructor concluded with several key
questions for students to discuss implications of the points with people either
within the groups or with the entire class. A number of oral questions based on
the reading text were asked to ensure that individuals had grasped the overall
content. During this step, each person had all of the pieces of the whole text
in his/her hand.
ÜÇ AZERBAYCANLI DÜŞÜNÜRÜN YARATICILIĞINDA DİNÎ HİKÂYELER
Authors: MEMMEDOVA Ülker
Published: May 2020

Azerbaycan edebiyatı tarihinde dini hikâyelerin yansıdığı birçok örnekler vardır. Makalede XII. yüzyılda yaşamış Hakani Şirvani’nin şiirlerine, Aynalkudat Miyaneci’nin “Şekva’l-garib” ve Şihabeddin Yahya Suhreverdi’nin “el-Gurbet el-Garbiyye” eserlerine muracaat olunmuş, dinî kitaplarda rastlanan hikâyeler, peygamberlerin ve evliyaların hayatı ile ilgili öyküler canlı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Burada Aynalkudat Miyaneci’nin ve Şihabaddin Yahya Suhreverdi’nin mirasına özel dikkat gösterilmesi tesadüf değildir. 2019 yılında, Aynalkudat Miyaneci’nin doğum yılının 920. ve Şihabeddin Yahya Suhreverdi’nin 865. senesi kutlandı. Hakani Şirvani’nin vefatından bu yana 920 yıl geçti. Yazarın kişisel araştırma konusu olduğu için Aynalkudat Miyaneci ve Şihabeddin Yahya Suhreverdi mirasına özellikle odaklanılmıştır. Makalede aynı yüzyılda yaşamış bu seçkin şahsiyetlerin hayatı ve yaratıcılığı, Azerbaycan’da onların araştırılmaları hakkında kısa bir genel bakış sunulmuştur. Çünkü Aynalkudat Miyaneci ve Şihabeddin Yahya Suhreverdi çalışmalarıyla her zaman dünya bilim adamlarının dikkatini çekmiştir. Makalede, bu düşünürlerin dinî hikâyelere müracaatı ön planda gösterilmiştir. Aynalkudat Miyaneci çalışmasında, cahillerin kıskançlığını görmezden gelirken Yusuf’un hikâyesini hatırlatıyor. Şihabeddin Yahya Suhreverdi’nin çalışması başından sonuna kadar dinî hikâyelere dayanıyor. Kural olarak, her iki eser de Tur dağı, ibibik kuşu, Yusuf’un hikâyesi, Nuh’un gemisi, Musa peygamber, Lut peygamber ve diğer dinî hikâyelerle ilgili efsaneler yer almaktadır. Aynı zamanda, makalede Kur’an’ın çeşitli ayetlerinden örnekler sunulmaktadır.
مساهمة الدكتور محمد رمضان عبد الله (رحمه الله) في تجديد علم الكلام من خلال كتابه الباقلاني وآراءه الكلامية
Authors: جدوع احمد الجبوري عوض , عبود علوان أحمد
Published: May 2020

تعد المدرسة الكلامية العراقية ، واحدة من أبرز محاور الفكر الكلامي العربي والإسلامي المعاصر البارز . وقد قدمت هذه المدرسة ولا تزال نتاجات مهمة في مجال الكشف عن التراث الكلامي الإسلامي ، بما حققت ونشرت من هذا التراث ، وكذلك على صعيد التجديد في علم الكلام   خصوصاً  أو من خلال التأسيس لمشاريع مستقلة ، تمثل خصوصية عراقية لهذا الاتجاه أو ذاك داخل المدرسة المذكورة .

  ومن ذلك يتكشف السياق الذي تأتي فيه دراستي عن د. محمد رمضان عبد الله – رحمه الله – بوصفها محاولة للكشف عن جوانب التجديد في علم الكلام في المدرسة الكلامية العراقية المعاصرة من خلال أحد أعلامها المعروفين .   

 وقد توخيت من هذه الدراسة أمورا :

الاول : المساهمة في اضافة لبنة الى صرح تراثنا الاسلامي ، ذلك التراث الذي تعتز به جامعة الازهر عامة ، وكلية اصول الدين بشكل خاص ، وتعمل دائبة على تنميته ، والاضافة اليه ، فوق ما تبذل في سبيل الحفاظ عليه.

ثانيا :  القاء الضوء على د. محمد رمضان عبد الله – رحمه الله – كمفكر كبير أثرى التراث الكلامي بأفكاره وآرائه القيمة .

 وتوزعت الدراسة الحالية على مبحثين ، هما :

المبحث الأول : من علم الكلام القديم إلى علم الكلام الجديد، ويشتمل على مطلبين :

المطلب الأول : مفهوم علم الكلام .

المطلب الثاني :  مراحل تطور علم الكلام .

المبحث الثاني : التجديد في علم الكلام عند د. محمد رمضان عبد الله- رحمه  الله- من خلال كتابه " الباقلاني وآراءه الكلامية " ، ويشتمل على أربعة مطالب :

المطلب الأول: مفهوم التجديد .

المطلب الثاني : التجديد في العلم لا في المعلوم .

المطلب الثالث : المقصود بالتجديد عند د. محمد رمضان عبد الله – رحمه الله-

المطلب الرابع : جوانب التجديد في علم الكلام عند د. محمد رمضان عبد الله – رحمه الله- من خلال كتابه " الباقلاني وآراءه الكلامية " ويشتمل المطلب على خمسة نقاط :

التعريف بكتاب « الباقلاني وآراءه الكلامية » .

منهجية تأليف كتاب «الباقلاني وآراءه الكلامية » .

نقد د. محمد رمضان عبد الله لعلم الكلام التقليدي.

منهجه في عرض قضايا الكتاب .

أسلوبه في عرض قضايا الكتاب .

ثم الخاتمة: وتتضمن أهم النتائج والتوصيات .

والحمد لله أولا وأخرا..
الامام يحيى بن معاذ الرازي رحمه الله تعالى وموقفه من رؤية الله تعالى(ت: 258هـ)
Authors: حميد عبد بهــــاء , كاظم محمد سعد
Published: May 2020

أن الإمام يحيى بن معاذ الرازي رحمه الله تعالى حدد معنى الرؤية بالأبصار فهو يوافق أهل السنة ومنهم الاشاعرة ويخالف المعتزلة والجهمية وغيرهم الذين قالوا إن الله لا يرى بالأبصار ولكن يرى بالقلب.

إن مسألة الرؤية مسألة سمعية وأقوى الأدلة السمعية فيها قصة سيدنا موسى عليه السلام فأصبحت الرؤية جائزة عقلاً ونقلاً وهذه الرؤية واقعة من جهة الشرع بمعنى أن الشرع اثبت أن المؤمنين يرون ربهم بأبصارهم يوم القيامة من غير إحاطة ولا كيفية. وقد ذهب الامام يحيى بن معاذ الرازي رحمه الله تعالى مذهب أهل السنة والجماعة إلى أن رؤية الله جائزة من جهة العقل في الآخرة من طريق الشرع كونه ذهب بأقوال أهل السنة حتى لا يقعوا بقضية التأويل والتجسيم خوفا" من مخالفة العلماء في هذه القضية.

ان من المعلوم بداهة أن الحكم على الشيء يكون تابعاً لمعرفته أو على اقل تقدير من رؤيته وتميزه عن غيره. فعليه يجب على الشاهد المطلوب للشهادة على حدث ما أن يكون قد رأى ما يشهد عليه رؤية حقيقية مكنته من فهم تفاصيل الحادثة.
التطور الاقتصادي والاجتماعي والثقافي في العراق خلال الحكم العثماني (1869-1917)
Authors: خير الله كاظم نجاة
Published: May 2020

تنبع اهمية الموضوع في الوقوف على اهم التطورات  التي طرأت على تاريخ العراق منذ تولي (مدحت باشا) ادارتها عام(1869) حتى دخول بريطانيا اليها في اذار(1917).

   تستهدف الدراسة تسليط الضوء على اهم العوامل التي ساعدت على التطور الاقتصادي التدريجي للعراق من حيث حركة التجارة وتراكم الفائض من انتاج بعض السلع فضلا عن نمو بعض الطبقات العاملة والتطور الاجتماعي والثقافي وساعدة في ذلك الاستقرار السياسي النسبي خلال تلك المدة .

وزعت هيكلية الدراسة على المباحث التالية :

-المبحث الاول الاوضاع الاقتصادية للعراق قبل تولي مدحت باشا عام(1869).

-المبحث الثاني اوضاع العراق الاقتصادية خلال ولاية مدحت باشا (1869-1872)

-المبحث الثالث الاوضاع في العراق (1872-1917).
أثر فرنسا في الدستور اللبناني وردود الفعل ازاءها (1926-1932)
Authors: Majed Abdul-Razzaq Ahmed
Published: May 2020

تعد دراسة الدساتير من القضايا المهمة والحيوية وذلك لما تمثله طبيعة المرحلة الحرجة التي تمر بها لبنان شكلاً خاصاً والوطن العربي بشكل عام ، ولما عانته من النزاعات والصراعات الطائفية السياسية المقيتة ، لذا اقتضى وضع الدستور وذلك لوضع حد لانتهاكات حقوق الانسان ، والعمل بدستور الدولة والعمل تحت ظله المتمثل بوصفه كقانون أساسي منذ عام 1926 للحد من وضعه الاستثنائي واعادة هيبة الدولة المتمثلة بانتخاب (شارل الدباس) الذي يمثل رجل المرحلة بشكل عام وفرنسا بشكل خاص ، وأما عام 1932 فقد تم تعليق الدستور وذلك لطبيعة المرحلة الراهنة وموجبات انتهائه وذلك لتعالي صيحات المارون الذين يعدون هم الأساس لبناء دولة لبنان واسكات صوت المعارضة آنذاك .
أثر استراتيجية الخرائط المعرفية في تحصيل مادة التاريخ عند طلاب الصف الرابع الأدبيّ
Authors: حميد مجيد فؤاد
Published: May 2020

المستخلص

   هدف البحث الى التعرف على أثر استراتيجية الخرائط المعرفية في تحصيل مادة التاريخ عند طلاب الصف الرابع الادبي، بلغت عينة الدراسة (60) طالباً, اختار الباحث التصميم التجريبي ذا الضبط الجزئي لمجموعتي البحث وكوفئت مجموعتا البحث في عدد من المتغيرات.

   اعد الباحث الاختبار التحصيلي، وتم بناء الاختبار التحصيلي تالف من (46) فقرة من الاسئلة الموضوعية من نوع الاختبار من متعدد و(14) فقرة من الاسئلة المقالية, وتم التحقق من صدقه (الظاهري والمحتوى), وقوته التميزية, ومعامل صعوبته, وفعالية البدائل الخاطئة وثباتهُ, ومن الوسائل الاحصائية الاخرى التي استخدمت معادلة الاختبار التائي (t-test) ومعادلة معامل الصعوبة ومعادلة قوة تمييز الفقرة ومعادلة فعالية البدائل, وفي ضوء نتائج البحث اوصى الباحث بعدد من التوصيات والمقترحات.
العجز المتعلم وعلاقته بالاستقرار النفسي لدى طلبة الجامعة
Authors: علي حسين اخلاص , صالح محمد جنان
Published: May 2020

يهدف البحث الحالي الى التعرف على العلاقه بين العجز المتعلم والاستقرار النفسي لدى طلبه الجامعة تحقيقا لاهداف البحث .

تعرف مستوى العجز المتعلم لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية .

تعرف دلالة الفروق في درجات العجز المتعلم تبعاً لمتغيرالجنس .

تعرف مستوى الاستقرار النفسي لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية

تعرف دلالة الفروق في درجات الاستقرار النفسي تبعاً لمتغيرالجنس 

إيجاد العلاقة ألارتباطيه بين العجز المتعلم والاستقرار النفسي لدى طلبة المرحلة الإعدادية.       

وقد قامت الباحثة بتبني مقياس ناديه عاشور  للعجز المتعلم والذي تتكون فقراته ً من (41) فقره موزعه على خمس بدائل لكل طالب وطالبه ، إذ توافرت به الخصائص السايكومترية من صدق وثبات ومنها إعادة الاختبار الفا كرونباخ ولغرض التحقق من اهداف الدراسة استعملت الباحثة الوسائل الإحصائية الاختبار التائي لعينة واحدة  ولعينتين واستعملت الباحثة تحليل التباين الثلاثي و قد تبنت  الباحثة مقياس الاستقرار النفسي الذي  أعده الخزرجى الذي يتكون  من (29) فقره موزعه على خمس بدائل لكل طالب وطالبه واستخدمت الوسائل الإحصائية المناسبة بالاستعانة بالحقيبة الإحصائية SPSS  في ضوء هذه النتائج توصلت الباحثة الى بعض الاستنتاجات , ثم وضعت عدداً من التوصيات , وبعض المقترحات لدراسات مستقبلية  .

 الكلمات ألمفتاحيه العجز المتعلم  والاستقرار النفسي للطلبة
طبيعة ومجتمع حضارة الموجة الثالثة
Authors: عزيز ريسان , محمد علي حميد سعد
Published: May 2020

إذا كان اكتشاف الانسان الزراعة تمثل ثورة اقتصادية كبرى في تاريخ البشرية وأنها غيرت طبيعة الحضارة الانسانية، فإن التغيرات اللاحقة وحتى قيام الثورة الصناعية في منتصف القرن الثامن عشر، باتت طفيفة وهامشية نحو عشرة آلاف سنة. ولكن قبل نحو ثلاثمائة عام وقع انفجار هائل أرسل بموجاته الصادمة بتسارع هائل على طول الأرض وعرضها، مهدماً الأنظمة الحضارية للمجتمعات القديمة ومنشئاً حضارة جديدة تماماً هي بالطبع موجة الثورة الصناعية الحضارية. ويعلق توفلر قائلاً ; لقد بدأت الموجة الثانية ما يقرب من ثلاثة قرون وهي تتسم بسمة الآلية وبالإنتاج والاستهلاك الكثيفين. إنها صيغة جديدة للحياة أساسها المصنع حلت محل الزراعة القديمة على رقعة تكاد تشمل ربع الكرة الأرضية، هذا التطور في المصنع يسميه الموجة الثانية من التغيير. كانت الثورة الصناعية أكثر من مجرد آلآت ومصانع فقط بل كانت نظاماً اجتماعياً غنياً، متعدد الجوانب، عكس كل مظهر من مظاهر الحياة الإنسانية، وحارب كل ظاهرة من ظواهر الموجة الأولى، هذه الثورة انتجت الجرار في الحقل والآلة الطابعة في المكتب، والثلاجة في المطبخ، لقد انتجت الصحيفة اليومية ودار السينما والقطار الكهربائي والطائرات العملاقة، وقد جعلت ساعة المعصم عالمية الانتشار. وكذلك صناديق الاقتراع، والأكثر أهمية من هذا وذاك، هو أنها ربطت هذه الأشياء في رابطة واحدة ـ كآلة ـ لتشكل أقوى نظام اجتماعي في التماسك والالتحام والأكثر تكلفة من أي نظام آخر عرفه العالم (حضارة الموجة الثانية). أن الحركة الصناعية هي أساس الموجة الثانية، وهي منتشرة في كل زوايا العالم تقريباً. فلم تكن الثورة الصناعية عملاً منفرداً وإنما عملية مجتمعية مركبة، تداخلت فيها روافد عديدة من قدرة علمية اعتمدت على التجربة والاختبار، ومن ثورة دينية حررت المجتمع المدني ـ إلى حد بعيد ـ من سيطرة الكنيسة، وثورة تنويرية طالبت بحرية الفكر والفرد من قيود الاقطاع وغلبة التقاليد، قادها رجال الفكر والجامعات ومراكز البحوث. وثورة اجتماعية ارتبطت بظهور المدن المتنقلة، وثورة تكنولوجية تمثلت في اكتشاف الآلة البخارية مع تسخير قوة البخار ثم الكهرباء والبترول، والشمس بوصفها مصدر للطاقة بدلاً من قوى الحيوان أو الرياح. فأصبحت الصناعة ـ وليس الزراعة ـ هي النشاط الاقتصادي الأكثر دينامية والأقدر على جذب الاهتمام.
دور الوعي الاجتماعي في مواجهة الابتزاز الالكتروني للمرأة
Authors: نجم عبدالله الخالدي عبير
Published: May 2020

الملخص

دور الوعي الاجتماعي في مواجهة الابتزاز الالكتروني للمرأة

يهدف البحث الى التعرف على الابتزاز الالكتروني وآثاره ، فضلا عن دورالوعي الاجتماعي في مواجهة الابتزاز الالكتروني الذي تتعرض له المرأة في المرحلة الراهنة ، ويتحدد البحث الحالي بالمرأة العراقية حصرا وفق المتغيرات المجتمعية العاصرة . تتمحور الدراسة الحالية حول الاجابة عن التساؤلات المدرجة أدناه

ما هو الابتزاز الإلكتروني؟

ما هي طرق جريمة الابتزاز الإلكتروني التي تتعرض له الفتيات داخل المجتمع العراقي ؟

        تناول البحث الحالي العديد من المحاور الرئيسة المتمثلة بالتعريف بمفهوم الابتزاز الالكتروني وأنواعه وآثاره وما هي آليات الرد والوعي الاجتماعي لمواجهة المبتز وأسند البحث بالاطار النظري المتمثل بنظرية الدور الاجتماعي وتوصل البحث الى العديد من الاستنتاجات المهمة ، فضلا عن 

أن هنالك العديد من النقاط المهمة والتي لها دور بارز في عملية تعزيز الوعي الاجتماعي لدى المرأة والمتمثلة في :

اولا- تجنب طلب صداقات أو قبول طلب صداقات من قبل أشخاص غير معروفين  

ثانيا- عدم الرد والتجاوب على أي محادثة ترد من مصدر غير معروف

ثالثا- تجنب مشاركة المعلومات الشخصية حتى مع الاصدقاء في فضاء الإنترنت “أصدقاء المراسلات”.

رابعا- رفض طلبات إقامة محادثات الفيديو مع أي شخص، ما لم تكن به معرفة وصلة وثيقة

خامسا- التأكد من شخصية المرسل وعدم الانجذاب  للصور الجميلة والمغرية

سادسا-تزويد الجهاز الالكتروني بالبرامج الخاصة لمكافحة الفيروسات فضلا عن برامج الحماية 

  سابعا- المواضبة على التحديث الدوري للبرنامج

ثامنا- الامتناع عن طلبات التحميل لاي برنامج من مصدر مجهول-

تاسعا-عدم الدخول في المواقع المحظورة

عاشرا-ابلاغ الجهات الرسمية في حالة التعرض للابتزاز الالكتروني والمتمثلة بالجهات الامنية –وزارة الداخلية
Teleasistencia psicológica para niños en edad escolar con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención/Hiperactividad: Rol de los padres de familia y cuidadores
Authors: Aliaga Connie Daniela , Choquicondo Caroline Millones , Torres-Chamorro Astry Sharon , Vasquez-Florentino Betsabe
Published: May 2020

Ante el contexto de pandemia por COVID-19, se han tomado diversas medidas de control, siendo una de ellas la cuarentena, originando así, una serie de consecuencias en la sociedad, como la imposibilidad de asistir a terapias presenciales. Esto último, ha generado que muchos niños con algún tipo de condición como, por ejemplo, niños con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención/Hiperactividad (TDAH), se vuelvan vulnerables, provocando que se acentúen los síntomas del trastorno. Por lo que, algunos padres y profesionales, han optado por el uso de la teleasistencia psicológica como alternativa de trabajo, con el fin de continuar con las terapias. Por tal motivo, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivos: (1) informar sobre la viabilidad y aceptabilidad de la teleasistencia psicológica, (2) describir el rol de los padres de familia y cuidadores en la teleasistencia psicológica, y (3) brindar una guía para padres y cuidadores de niños con TDAH para el manejo en casa durante el contexto de cuarentena.
APOBEC3B and ACE1 in-del polymorphisms as prima facie candidates for protection from COVID-19
Authors: Habib Saman , Mukerji Mitali
Published: May 2020

Population-specific differences in mortality are becoming evident after several months of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is despite differences in the extent of disease prevalence- China reported a fatality rate of ~5%, India ~ 3.3 %, with parts of Europe seeing much higher rates (~11 to 15%). Factors including demographics (elderly populations), containment responses, co-morbidities, quality of health care and other confounders could enhance differences in reported fatality rates. Within India, COVID-19 displays a skewed distribution with some states from Western and Central India reporting much higher numbers. An inverse relation of the overall number of cases infected with coronaviruses (i.e., MERS, SARS and COVID-19) and malaria across continental populations has been recently reported. A long history of exposure to malaria could have led to accumulation of genetic variants that confer protection to populations in disease-endemic regions. Here we highlight how signatures of selection in populations from malaria endemic regions can identify genetic variants that could modulate COVID-19 morbidity.
Makalah PJOK
Authors: nst Nasywa fadhilah
Published: May 2020

Makalah pendidikan kesehatan tentang penyakit menular
Live Scoping Review of N95 and Surgical Facemask Decontamination and Reuse: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: O'Hearn Katie , Agarwal Anirudh , Choong Karen , Gertsman Shira , Nama Nassr , Sampson Margaret , Sikora Lindsey , Zorko David J , McNally James Dayre
Published: May 2020

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), namely surgical masks, N95 masks, and gowns, has been experienced by some hospitals and could be expected in others due to a rapidly increased need. The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) specifically recommends N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) for healthcare workers who are interacting with patients with COVID-19 under aerosol precautions, and when performing aerosol generating medical procedures. In contrast, surgical masks have much broader use and are recommended for use by health care providers to protect against the risk of droplet transmission in inpatient healthcare settings and outpatient settings (e.g. COVID-19 assessment centres, long-term care facilities, and community care settings). One potential method of addressing the shortage and ensuring adequate protection for health care workers in accordance with the above recommendations would be to decontaminate and reuse N95 FFRs and surgical masks. Our group recently conducted a series of systematic reviews to synthesize the existing literature on N95 and surgical mask decontamination. However, literature in this area is rapidly evolving and these systematic reviews will require updates in order to provide clinicians, hospital administrators, and public health officials with the most up-to-date and comprehensive information available. The purpose of this living scoping review is to identify all original research on N95 and surgical mask decontamination and reuse, and to build an open-access database of the existing literature.
Perangkat lunak komputer
Authors: s. Reski masyihtoh
Published: May 2020

Perangkat lunak komputer adalah istilah khusus untuk data yang diformat, dan disimpan secara digital, termasuk program komputer, dokumentasinya, dan berbagai informasi yang bisa dibaca, dan ditulis oleh komputer.Kata kunci : perangkat lunak
PERANGKAT LUNAK KOMPUTER
Authors: Damni Cut Nabilah
Published: May 2020

AbstrakSoftware komputer atau perangkat lunak komputer merupakan kumpulan instruksi (program atau prosedur) untuk dapat melaksanakan pekerjaan secara otomatis dengan cara mengolah atau memproses kumpulan intruksi (data) yang diberikan. (Yahfizham, 2019 : 19) Sebagian besar dari software komputer dibuat oleh (programmer) dengan menggunakan bahasa pemprograman. Orang yang membuat bahasa pemprograman menuliskan perintah dalam bahasa pemprograman seperti layaknya bahasa yang digunakan oleh orang pada umumnya dalam melakukan perbincangan. Perintah-perintah tersebut dinamakan (source code). Program komputer lainnya dinamakan (compiler) yang digunakan pada (source code) dan kemudian mengubah perintah tersebut kedalam bahasa yang dimengerti oleh komputer lalu hasilnya dinamakan program executable (EXE). Pada dasarnya, komputer selalu memiliki perangkat lunak komputer atau software yang terdiri dari sistem operasi, sistem aplikasi dan bahasa pemograman.AbstractComputer software or computer software is a collection of instructions (programs or procedures) to be able to carry out work automatically by processing or processing the collection of instructions (data) provided. (Yahfizham, 2019: 19) Most of the computer software is made by (programmers) using the programming language. People who make programming languages write commands in the programming language like the language used by people in general in conducting conversation. The commands are called (source code). Other computer programs called (compilers) are used in (source code) and then change the command into a language understood by the computer and the results are called executable programs (EXE). Basically, computers always have computer software or software consisting of operating systems, ap
PERANGKAT LUNAK KOMPUTER
Authors: Damni Cut Nabilah
Published: May 2020

AbstrakSoftware komputer atau perangkat lunak komputer merupakan kumpulan instruksi (program atau prosedur) untuk dapat melaksanakan pekerjaan secara otomatis dengan cara mengolah atau memproses kumpulan intruksi (data) yang diberikan. (Yahfizham, 2019 : 19) Sebagian besar dari software komputer dibuat oleh (programmer) dengan menggunakan bahasa pemprograman. Orang yang membuat bahasa pemprograman menuliskan perintah dalam bahasa pemprograman seperti layaknya bahasa yang digunakan oleh orang pada umumnya dalam melakukan perbincangan. Perintah-perintah tersebut dinamakan (source code). Program komputer lainnya dinamakan (compiler) yang digunakan pada (source code) dan kemudian mengubah perintah tersebut kedalam bahasa yang dimengerti oleh komputer lalu hasilnya dinamakan program executable (EXE). Pada dasarnya, komputer selalu memiliki perangkat lunak komputer atau software yang terdiri dari sistem operasi, sistem aplikasi dan bahasa pemograman.AbstractComputer software or computer software is a collection of instructions (programs or procedures) to be able to carry out work automatically by processing or processing the collection of instructions (data) provided. (Yahfizham, 2019: 19) Most of the computer software is made by (programmers) using the programming language. People who make programming languages write commands in the programming language like the language used by people in general in conducting conversation. The commands are called (source code). Other computer programs called (compilers) are used in (source code) and then change the command into a language understood by the computer and the results are called executable programs (EXE). Basically, computers always have computer software or software consisting of operating systems, application systems and programming languages.
I’m still standing: A machine learning analysis of risk and protective factors of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in college students
Authors: Kirlic Namik , Akeman Elisabeth , DeVille Danielle , Yeh Henry , Cosgrove Kelly T. , McDermott Timothy , Touthang James , Clausen Ashley , Paulus Martin P , Aupperle Robin
Published: May 2020

Background: An estimated 1100 college students die by suicide each year. Our ability to predict who is at risk for suicide, as well as our knowledge of resilience factors protecting against it, remains limited. We used a machine learning (ML) framework in conjunction with a large battery of self-report and demographic measures to select features contributing most to observed variability in suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) in college.Method: First-year university students completed demographic and clinically-relevant self-report measures at the beginning of the first semester of college (baseline; n=356), and at end-of-year (n=228). Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) assessed STBs. A ML pipeline with 55 and 57 variables using stacking and nested cross-validation to avoid overfitting was conducted to examine predictors of baseline and end-of-year STBs, respectively. Results: For baseline SBQ-R score, the identified ML algorithm explained 28.3% of variance (95%CI: 28-28.5%), with depression severity, meaning and purpose in life, and social isolation among the most important predictors. For end-of-year SBQ-R score, the identified algorithm explained 5.6% of variance [95%CI: 5.1-6.1%], with baseline SBQ-R score, emotional suppression, and positive emotional experiences among the most important predictors.Limitations: External validation of the model with another independent sample is needed for further demonstrating its replicability.Conclusions: ML analyses replicated known factors contributing to STBs, and identified novel, potentially modifiable risk and resilience factors. Intervention programing on college campuses aiming to reduce depressive symptomatology, promote positive affect and social connectedness, and foster a sense of meaning and purpose, may be effective in reducing STBs.
Three Common Statistical Missteps We Make in Reservoir Characterization
Authors: Male Frank , Jensen Jerry
Published: May 2020

Reservoir characterization analysis resulting from incorrect applications of statistics can be found in the literature, particularly in applications where integration of various disciplines is needed. Here, we look at three misapplications of ordinary least squares linear regression (LSLR) and show how they can lead to poor results and offer better alternatives, where available. The issues are 1. Application of algebra to an LSLR-derived model to reverse the roles of explanatory and response variables that may give biased predictions. In particular, we examine pore throat size equations (e.g., Winland’s and Pittman’s equations) and find that claims of over-predicted permeability may in part be due to statistical mistakes. 2. Using a log-transformed variable in an LSLR model, de-transforming without accounting for the role of noise gives an equation which under-predicts the mean value. Several approaches exist to address this problem. 3. Mis-application of R2 in three cases that lead to misleading results. For example, model fitting in decline curve analysis gives optimistic R2 values, as is also the case where a multimodal explanatory variable is present.Using actual and synthetic datasets, we illustrate the effects that these errors have on analysis and some implications for using machine learning results.
Does broadening one's concept of trauma undermine resilience?
Authors: Jones Payton J. , McNally Richard J.
Published: May 2020

The term 'trauma' seems to have expanded from a narrow usage (referring exclusively to extreme events such as rape and warfare) to a broad usage (encompassing almost any event that results in emotional distress). Today, individuals vary widely in the extent to which their personal 'trauma concept' is relatively narrow or broad. In this study, we explore whether this variation is important to individuals' actual experience when facing a stressful event (in this case, watching a disturbing film clip). Individuals with broader beliefs about trauma experienced more intense negative emotions and were more likely to report viewing the film clip as a personal trauma. Moreover, those who saw the film clip as a personal trauma reported more event-related distress (e.g., intrusions, nightmares) several days following. However, we find limited support for causality, with an experimental manipulation showing a significant effect on personal trauma concepts but mixed effects on other outcomes.
bmlTUX: Design and control of experiments in virtual reality and beyond
Authors: Bebko Adam O. , Troje Nikolaus F.
Published: May 2020

Advances in virtual reality (VR) technology have made it a valuable new tool for vision and perception researchers. Coding VR experiments from scratch can be difficult and time-consuming so researchers rely on software such as Unity game engine to create and edit virtual scenes. However, Unity lacks built-in tools for controlling experiments. Existing third-party add-ins require complicated scripts to define experiments. This can be difficult and requires advanced coding knowledge, especially for multifactorial experimental designs. In this paper, we describe a new free and open-source tool called the BiomotionLab Toolkit for Unity Experiments (bmlTUX) that provides a simple interface for controlling experiments in Unity. In contrast to existing tools, bmlTUX provides a graphical interface to automatically handle combinatorics, counterbalancing, randomization, mixed designs, and blocking of trial order. The toolbox works “out-of-the-box” since simple experiments can be created with almost no coding. Furthermore, multiple design configurations can be swapped with a drag-and-drop interface allowing researchers to test new configurations iteratively while maintaining the ability to easily revert to previous configurations. Despite its simplicity, bmlTUX remains highly flexible and customizable, catering to coding novices and experts alike.
Featural and Configural Processing of Faces and Houses in Matched Dyslexic and Typical Readers
Authors: Jozranjbar Bahareh , Kristjansson Arni , Sigurdardottir Heida Maria
Published: May 2020

While dyslexia is typically described as a phonological deficit, recent evidence suggests that ventral stream regions, important for visual categorization and object recognition, are hypoactive in dyslexic readers who might accordingly show visual recognition deficits. By manipulating featural and configural information of faces and houses, we investigated whether dyslexic readers are disadvantaged at recognizing certain object classes or using particular visual processing mechanisms. Dyslexic readers found it harder to recognize objects (houses), suggesting that visual problems in dyslexia are not completely domain-specific. Face recognition accuracy was equivalent in the two groups. Lower recognition accuracy for houses was also related to reading difficulties even when accuracy for faces was kept constant, which could indicate a specific relationship between visual word processing and visual processing of non-face objects. Representational similarity analyses (RSA) revealed that featural and configural processes were clearly separable in typical readers, which was not the case for dyslexic readers who appear to rely on a single process. This was not restricted to particular visual categories, occurring for both faces and houses. We speculate that reading deficits in some dyslexic readers reflect their reliance on a single process for object recognition.
Why We Should Move from Reductionism and Embrace a Network Approach to Parental Burnout
Authors: Blanchard M. Annelise , Heeren Alexandre
Published: May 2020

Network science has allowed varied scientific fields to investigate and visualize complex relations between many variables, and psychology research has begun to adopt a network perspective. In this paper, we consider how leaving behind reductionist approaches and instead embracing a network perspective can advance the field of parental burnout. Although research into parental burnout is in its early stages, we argue that a network approach to parental burnout could set up the scene for radically new vistas in parental burnout research. We claim that such an approach can allow simultaneous investigations (and clear visualizations) of many variables related to parental burnout and their interactions, integrates smoothly with prior family systems theories, and prioritizes dynamic research questions. We likewise discuss potential future clinical applications, such as interventions targeting central nodes and treatment personalized to a specific family’s network system. We also review practical considerations, limitations, and future directions for researchers interested in applying a network approach to parental burnout research.
A Matter of Time: Father Involvement and Child Cognitive Outcomes
Authors: Cano Tomas , Perales Francisco , Baxter Janeen
Published: May 2020

Fathers in Western countries allocate progressively more time to childcare. However, most research on how parental time inputs affect child development focuses on maternal time, and it remains empirically unclear how paternal involvement in the child’s upbringing influences child outcomes. This study provides the first systematic account of how father-child time (in total and across activity types) relates to children’s cognitive development, measured using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. In addition, it examines whether and how paternal education moderates these associations. To accomplish this, the study uses unique, longitudinal, time-diary data from an Australian sample of children aged 4-8 years (Longitudinal Study of Australian Children; n=3,273 children/6,960 observations). Results show that the total amount of father-child time is associated with small improvements in children’s cognitive functioning, whereas the amount of father-child time in educational activities is associated with moderate-to-large improvements. Such associations are similar for highly and less-highly educated fathers.
Modeling the Coronavirus Outbreak
Authors: Molitoris Joseph
Published: May 2020

Coronavirus case data is shown and compared favorably to the models for several states, countries, and the World. Correlations are typically 98 to 99 percent. A novel phase space approach is introduced; this allows tracking of the pandemic towards its peak and then mathematical extinction.
Geriatric health in Bangladesh during COVID-19: challenges and recommendations
Authors: Hossain Md Mahbub , Mazumder Hoimonty , Tasnim Samia , Nuzhath Tasmiah , Sultana Abida
Published: May 2020

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is impacting health globally, whereas older adults are highly susceptible and more likely to have adverse health outcomes. In Bangladesh, the elderly population has been increasing over the past few decades, who often live with poor socioeconomic conditions and inadequate access to healthcare services. These disparities are likely to increase amid COVID-19, which may result in high mortality and morbidity among Bangladeshi older adults. We recommend that multifaceted interventions should be adopted for strengthening social care and health systems approach to ensure wellbeing, promote preventive measures, and facilitate access to healthcare among older adults in Bangladesh. Such multipronged measures would require policy-level commitment and collaborative efforts of health and social care providers and institutions to protect health and wellbeing among this vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Clinical Profile of Patients with Seizure in Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital.
Authors: Dhungana Krishna , Shakya Dipesh , Shrestha Rabindra , Bhatta Sabnam , Maharjan Sabbu
Published: May 2020

Background: Seizure is a common clinical condition. It represents a majority of patients visiting neurology OPD as well as inpatient department in Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital. While the number of patients with seizure is increasing in Nepal, data on the clinical profile of patients with seizure is scarce. Thus, this study aims to find out the relative frequency of seizure in different age and sex groups. It also aims to find out the common causes of seizure in our Nepalese population.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in patients attending outpatient and inpatient of Neurology department of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital between periods of July 2018 to December 2018. Demographic characteristics, radiographic findings, EEG findings and drugs taken by patients were recorded according to the proforma.

Results: Data from one hundred patients were collected and analyzed. Most of the patients were less than 41 years of age. Most of the patients were male. The prime cause of seizure was found to be neurocysticercosis (25%). Majority of the patients were on monotherapy.

Conclusion: Our data regarding the frequency of seizure in different age and sex groups is comparable to data in South East Asia region whilst, different from the western data. In our population, neurocysticercosiswas the most common cause of seizures. Also, most seizures were controlled with monotherapy.
Cytological Evaluation of Thyroid and its Correlation with Thyroid Function Test and Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase in a Patient of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Authors: Das Manish Kumar , Basnet Meenakshi
Published: May 2020

Background: A thyroid swelling is an enlargement of thyroid glands causes by iodine deficiency, ageing, autoimmune disease and benign or malignant tumors. Autoimmune thyroiditis is the second most common thyroid lesion diagnosed after goiter.

Materials and Methods: To find out the distribution of thyroid gland swelling in patients visiting otorhinolaryngology department of Nobel medical college and correlate serum thyroid function test and anti-thyroid peroxidase level with fine needle aspiration cytology reports.

Results: The mean age of patient with thyroid gland lesions was 40.47 ± 13.05 years. Out of 87 patients studied, the highest number of patients (37, 42.5%) was diagnosed with colloid goiter followed by autoimmune thyroiditis (29, 33.3%). The mean age of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis was found to be 38.66 ± 12.31 years. The sensitivity and specificity of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies for diagnosing autoimmune thyroiditis was 89.7% and 94.8% respectively.

Conclusion: Autoimmune thyroiditis has statistical correlation with serum anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and it can be effectively used as an alternative tool in diagnosing autoimmune thyroiditis with acceptable diagnostic accuracy.
Aneurismas de los senos de Valsalva
Authors: Liévano Manuel John , Fuentes París Sergio Andres , Piñeros Diego
Published: May 2020

Los aneurismas del seno de Valsalva son anomalías poco frecuentes que pueden ser de carácter congénito o adquirido, y pueden ser intervenibles o no acorde con la presentación clínica. Se expone el caso de un paciente joven sin antecedentes cardiovasculares de importancia, que consulta por cuadro de dolor torácico y en quien se documenta de manera temprana aneurisma del seno de Valsalva asociado con insuficiencia mitral.  Se intervino quirúrgicamente y fue dado de alta a los 90 días de la cirugía con evolución clínica favorable y remisión de la sintomatología cardiovascular.
Analysis of the agronomic interest characteristics for the management of Conyza blakei, Conyza bonariensis, Conyza sumatrensis, and Conyza lorentzii
Authors: Diez de Ulzurrun Patricia , Acedo María Belén , Garavano María Eugenia , Gianelli Valeria , Ispizua Verónica Nilda
Published: May 2020

Conyza genus includes herbs of ruderal habit, also referred to weeds in pastures, perennial crops, and no tillage crops. The insuitable use of herbicides, the incorrect identification of species, and the lack of monitoring, among others, explain the fact that Conyza species have become a growing problem in production systems under no tillage. Therefore, the knowledge of biology and the adaptive response to diverse cultural practices is paramount. Two of the most important characteristics to establish management guidelines are the height and growth stages of these species,since their herbicides sensitivity have been associated with these characteristics. The objective of this work was to analyze the results that affect the reproductive success (germination%, fecundity), and the most effective weed control time (height and determination of the phenological stages) of Conyza blakei, C. bonariensis, C. lorentzii and C. sumatrensis. Trials were conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Station of Balcarce, INTA, Argentina. We analyzed 35 individuals of each species. The germination % presented significant differences, being C. sumatrensis, the specie with the highest number of emerged seedlings. The phenological stages also showed differences, being C. bonariensis the species that began to elongate the stem earliest, the first in flowering, and the greatest fecundity. The senescence of the 4 species occurred within the first year of growth. The species with greater reproductive success would be C. bonariensis and C. sumatrensis, requiring the first earlier practices of controls.
Kapasitas Adsorbansi Arang Aktif Kulit Kacang Tanah Pada Penyisihan Logam Fe
Authors: Harnowo Agil , Hidayah Euis Nurul , Janah Miftahul
Published: May 2020

Kulit kacang tanah sebagai limbah pertanian yang mengandung selulosa dinilai berpotensi sebagai adsorben untuk menyisihkan logam berat, oleh karena itu perlu  dilakukan analisa kapasitas adsorbansi atau kemampuan jerat pada proses adsorpsi kontinyu dalam menyisihkan logam berat Fe pada air sumur. Adapun studi tentang kapasitas adsorbansi pada proses kontinyu umumnya dilakukan dengan pemodelan Thomas. Penelitian ini menggunakan proses adsorpsi kontinyu hingga didapatkan waktu jenuh dari adsorben kulit kacang tanah dalam menyerap logam Fe. Sehingga didapatkan kapasitas adsorbansi dari penggunaan sekali karbon aktif kulit kacang tanah yang telah dibuat. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan proses adsorpsi kontinyu dengan variasi massa 250 gr dan 500 gr. Pada proses adsorpsi kontinyu ini didapatkan harga Konstanta Thomas (Kth) dan harga kapasitas adsorbansi (qo) tertinggi yakni menggunakan karbon aktif kulit kacang tanah dengan penggunaan sebanyak 500 gram yag mengikuti model persamaan Thomas y = -0.1701x + 3.3142 dengan koefisien korelasi (R²) = 0.4767 sedangkan titik breakthrough dimana merupakan titik awal kembalinya konsentrasi akhir air dicapai pada menit ke-60 setelah air sumur melalui unggun.
Evaluation of protective effect of Thiocetam drug by morphological changes in the heart and vessels after administration of lead nanoparticles of various sizes (experimental study)
Authors: Gubar I.V. , Sokurenko L.M. , Savosko S.I. , Apykhtina O.L. , Yavorovsky O.P. , Chaikovsky Yu.B.
Published: May 2020

Introduction of nanotechnologies to the modern industry gave rise to new challenges. The issue of development and implementation of recommendations regarding the prevention of potential negative impact of lead nanoparticles on population health is of particular importance. The locally manufactured drug Thiocetam which possesses nootropic, antiischemic, antioxidative and membrane stabilizing properties has drawn our attention. The research aimed at studying the protective effect of Thiocetam in Wistar rats with simulated subchronic toxic effect of lead compounds of various sizes (by morphological changes in the heart and vessels). The experiments were conducted on Wistar rats (mean body weight of 160-180 g). Colloidal solutions of lead sulphide obtained by chemical synthesis with the use of sodium polyphosphate stabilizer, (PbS) with the mean size of 26-34 nm (1-PbS) and 50-80 nm (2-PbS), and lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2 (3-Pb) in the ionic form were used in simulating the toxic effect, while normal saline solution was administered to the control group. The studied substances were injected (intraperitoneally daily 5 times a week) in a dose of 0.94 mg/kg (in lead equivalent). The toxic effects were evaluated after 60 injections (three months) and one month after the discontinuation of exposure with and without Thiocetam. The drug Thiocetam in the dose of 250 mg/kg had been administered to rats intragastrically on an empty stomach daily for one month. Histological slides of the rats’ myocardium and aortal wall were studied and morphometric analysis and statistical processing performed. In the postexposure recovery period (PEP) period a lower degree of interstitial swelling and myocardial blood vessel filling was observed, which was considered to be a regression of damage. After the administration of Thiocetam a pronounced transverse striation of cardiomyocytes, the density of collagen fibers around cardiomyocytes and microvessels were revealed, which indicated the protective effect of pharmacological correction. However, leukocyte infiltration was also found in the myocardial or aortic microvessels in the experimental groups. Aortic morphometric data revealed no differences between the PbS NPs groups and Pb(NO3)2, although the aortic wall morphology was quite preserved. The use of Thiocetam prevented dystrophic changes in the atrial epicardium and the aortic adventitia, which indicate cytoprotective and connective tissue effects. In the postexposure period without pharmacological correction a tendency to spontaneous recovery of morphological changes of the heart and aortic walls under the influence of PbS NPs and lead nitrate was observed. However, morphometric parameters demonstrate the absence of complete recovery be it with or without Thiocetam.