bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetically Controlled Strategies for Enhanced Tissue Vascularization
Authors: Zhu Shilu , Xu Liang , Zhang Yang , Zheng Zhiyuan , Lang Zhongliang , Zhang Qingdong , Gao Jie , Ye Min , Xu Ronald X.
Published: May 2024

Tissue vascularization plays a critical role in the regeneration and repair of damaged tissues. However, in certain instances of tissue injury, the pace and effectiveness of vascularization can be limited. Innovative strategies leveraging magnetic fields and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are devised to enhance the efficacy of tissue vascularization. This review explores the potential of magnetic field‐assisted strategies in augmenting tissue vascularization and repair. Direct application of static or dynamic magnetic fields, alone or in combination with MNPs, offers a means to modulate cellular behaviors and gene expression, thereby promoting angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. Techniques such as cell labeling, gene delivery using MNPs, and magnetic targeting have shown promise in efficiently repairing various ischemic tissue injuries by enhancing tissue vascularization. These strategies have broad applications in bone and skin tissue regeneration, limb ischemia treatment, myocardial injury treatment, and diabetic wound therapy. By summarizing recent advancements in magnetically controlled strategies, this review aims to shed light on their future prospects in tissue regeneration and clinical treatment.
Strain‐Stiffening, Robust yet Compliant Ionic Elastomer from Highly Entangled Polymer Networks and Metal–Oxygen Interactions
Authors: Zhou Piaopiao , Zhan Weiqing , Shen Shengtao , Zhang Hui , Zou Zhigang , Lyu Xiaolin
Published: May 2024

Ion‐conductive elastomers have emerged as ideal candidates for ionic skin and wearable devices due to their intrinsic stretchability and excellent electrical properties. Despite continuous efforts in this field, strain‐stiffening, robust yet compliant ionic elastomers are still unattainable due to the limited intermolecular interactions, restricting their reliability and durability in practical applications. Inspired by the interwoven collagen fiber network and synergistic non‐covalent interaction in the dermis, an immense strain‐stiffening, ultra‐stretchable, highly tough, and elastic ionic elastomer are reported by introducing the metal–oxygen interactions into the highly entangled network. The ionic elastomers also show intriguing self‐healing ability, high adhesion, and environmental tolerance, contributed by the dynamic synergistic noncovalent interactions. The prepared ionic skin displays sensitive and stable responses to temperature and strain. This work demonstrates a new design strategy for fabricating high‐performance ionic elastomers with excellent mechanical and electrical properties, showing great prospects in wearable and flexible devices.
Ionic Liquid‐Induced Product Switching in CO2 Electroreduction on Copper Reaction Interface
Authors: Cai Huizhu , Yang Hengpan , Feng Jianpeng , Zhou Kangjie , Liu Changsha , Hu Qi , He Chuanxin
Published: May 2024

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) mainly occurs at the three‐phase interface, and the properties of an interface can directly affect the CO2RR pathway. Cu‐based materials can produce considerable amounts of alcohols and hydrocarbons, but it is hard to precisely regulate the reaction interface and obtain specific target products. Herein, the properties of the Cu surface through a facile strategy of ionic liquid modification are successfully adjusted. According to theoretical calculations and in situ Raman and FTIR spectra characterizations, it is revealed that the introduction of ionic liquids (e.g., [Bmim][PF6]) can control the energy barriers and distribution density of key intermediates on Cu interface, thus totally change the reaction pathway of CO2 electroreduction. Consequently, the dominant products from the Cu catalyst will be dramatically switched between C2H4 with a 71.1% Faraday efficiency (FE) and CH4 with a 67.2% FE. It is rarely seen in previous reports that the CO2RR products can be fundamentally changed through simple interface modifications. This work offers a straightforward approach to tune the interfacial properties and understand the mechanisms in various electrocatalytic reactions.
pH‐Gated Switch of LCST‐UCST Phase Transition of Hydrogels
Authors: He Jiaqing , Zhou Qiang , Ge Zhiqing , Jiang Shunfeng , Li Jiahe , Feng Wei , Yang Haiyang
Published: May 2024

Temperature‐responsive hydrogels including lower critical solution temperature (LCST)‐ and upper critical solution temperature (UCST)‐type hydrogels are attractive in various fields. However, the swift switch between LCST and UCST stimuli‐responsive behaviors remains intriguing and challenging. Here is reported a kind of hydrogel with pH‐gated LCST and UCST response behaviors. This is achieved using the hydrogen bonding between carboxylic acid groups of poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) and hydroxyl groups of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC). The poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide)‐HPC (PACA‐HPC) hydrogels exhibit pH‐gated reversible LCST‐UCST phase transition behavior. When the transparent PACA‐HPC hydrogel is placed in an acid bath, the COO− groups get protonated, rapidly forming hydrogen bonds with HPC to render a light‐scattering state making the hydrogel opaque. Furthermore, the opaque hydrogel exhibits UCST phase transition behavior at 20–45 °C. When the opaque PCAC‐HPC hydrogel is placed in an alkaline environment, hydrogen‐bonded complexes gradually dissociate as the COOH groups are deprotonated to form a homogeneous transparent state. The transparent hydrogel exhibits LCST phase transition behavior at 20–45° C. Therefore, is shown the hydrogen bonding strategy to fabricate hydrogels with tunable LCST and UCST responses. With this pH‐gated hydrogel with switchable LCST/UCST responsive behaviors, are demonstrated its applications in smart windows and information encryption.
Fully Hardware Memristive Neuromorphic Computing Enabled by the Integration of Trainable Dendritic Neurons and High‐Density RRAM Chip
Authors: Yang Zhen , Yue Wenshuo , Liu Chang , Tao Yaoyu , Tiw Pek Jun , Yan Longhao , Yang Yuxiang , Zhang Teng , Dang Bingjie , Liu Keqin , He Xiaodong , Wu Yongqin , Bu Weihai , Zheng Kai , Kang Jin , Huang Ru , Yang Yuchao
Published: May 2024

Computing‐in‐memory (CIM) architecture inspired by the hierarchy of human brain is proposed to resolve the von Neumann bottleneck and boost acceleration of artificial intelligence. Whereas remarkable progress has been achieved for CIM, making further improvements in CIM performance is becoming increasingly challenging, which is mainly caused by the disparity between rapid evolution of synaptic arrays and relatively slow progress in building efficient neuronal devices. Specifically, dedicated efforts are required toward developments of more advanced activation units in terms of both optimized algorithms and innovative hardware implementations. Here a novel bio‐inspired dendrite function‐like neuron based on negative‐differential‐resistance (NDR) behavior is reported and experimentally demonstrates this design as a more efficient neuron. By integrating electrochemical random‐access memory (ECRAM) with ionic regulation, the tunable NDR neuron can be trained to enhance neural network performances. Furthermore, based on a high‐density RRAM chip, fully hardware implementation of CIM is experimentally demonstrated by integrating NDR neuron devices with only a 1.03% accuracy loss. This work provides 516 × and 1.3 × 105 × improvements on LAE (Latency‐Area‐Energy) property, compared to the digital and analog CMOS activation circuits, respectively. With device‐algorithm co‐optimization, this work proposes a compact and energy‐efficient solution that pushes CIM‐based neuromorphic computing into a new paradigm.
Synergistic M‐O Dual‐Atom Pairs Induced Interfacial Water Hydrogen Bonding Network for Boosting MoSe2Electrocatalytic Performance
Authors: Luo Zhaoyan , Guo Yirun , Qian Yinnan , Zhang Lei , Song Zhongxin , Zhang Qianling , He Chuanxin , Ren Xiangzhong
Published: May 2024

Understanding the dynamics changes of the water network at the electrode–solution interface during the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) process, including how it is doubly regulated by the electrode material and electrolyte pH, and its subsequent effects on the reaction intermediates (H*and OH*), is crucial in electrochemistry. However, relevant studies are limited due to water's its dual role as both a reactant and a solvent. Thus, it is essential to construct an ideal model capable of decoupling the effects of interfacial water action from the surface catalytic HER process. In this study, M‐O atom pairs doped MoSe2model catalyst is developed to achieve this goal and tailor the water network structure in a double‐layer microenvironment. Combined with molecular dynamics simulations and in situ spectroscopic characterization, correlations between water configuration, the water network, and water dissociation with HER activity are successfully established. This findings reveal that the pH‐dependent hydrogen‐bonding environment, modulated by oxophilic species, exerts a greater influence on acidic HER compared to alkaline media. The optimized Rh,O‐MoSe2‐xcatalyst demonstrates exceptional performance in both acid and alkaline electrolytes and shows no activity decay during a PEMWE test at 1.5 A cm−2, making it promising for scalable water electrolyzers.
Imageable Brachytherapy with Chelator‐Free Radiolabeling Hydrogel
Authors: Cui Zhencun , Wang Liqin , Liu Wei , Xu Dan , Zhang Taofeng , Ma Baoliang , Zhang Kai , Yuan Lingyan , Bing Zhitong , Liu Jiangyan , Liu Bin , Wu Wangsuo , Tian Longlong
Published: May 2024

Brachytherapy stands as an essential clinical approach for combating locally advanced tumors. Here, an injectable brachytherapy hydrogel is developed for the treatment of both local and metastatic tumor. Fe‐tannins nanoparticles are efficiently and stably radiolabeled with clinical used therapeutic radionuclides (such as 131I, 90Y, 177Lu, and 225Ac) without a chelator, and then chemically cross‐linked with 4‐armPEG‐SH to form brachytherapy hydrogel. Upon intratumoral administration, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal from ferric ions embedded within the hydrogel directly correlates with the retention dosage of radionuclides, which can real‐time monitor radionuclides emitting short‐range rays in vivo without penetration limitation during brachytherapy. The hydrogel's design ensures the long‐term tumor retention of therapeutic radionuclides, leading to the effective eradication of local tumor. Furthermore, the radiolabeled hydrogel is integrated with an adjuvant to synergize with immune checkpoint blocking therapy, thereby activating potent anti‐tumor immune responses and inhibiting metastatic tumor growth. Therefore, this work presents an imageable brachytherapy hydrogel for real‐time monitoring therapeutic process, and expands the indications of brachytherapy from treatment of localized tumors to metastatic tumors.
Electric Double Layer Oriented Eutectic Additive Design toward Stable Zn Anodes with a High Depth of Discharge
Authors: Lyu Huida , Zhao Siwei , Liao Chenyi , Li Guohui , Zhi Jian , Huang Fuqiang
Published: May 2024

ZnSO4‐based electrolytes for aqueous zinc ion batteries fail to meet practical application metrics due to hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and dendrite growth. In this work, a highly polarized eutectic additive, glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC) is rationally designed, to regulate the electric double layer (EDL) structure for stable Zn anodes with a high depth of discharge (DOD). On one hand, GPC molecules with abundant hydroxyl groups can precisely regulate the hydrogen bond network in EDL to suppress HER. On the other hand, the enrichment of GPC at the interface is positively responsible for the negative charge density on the Zn surface, which leads to the formation of a robust ZnxPyOz‐rich solid–electrolyte interphase and terminates dendrite growth in the charge‐rich sites. This EDL‐oriented eutectic additive engineering enables highly reversible and selectively (002)‐textured Zn anodes to operate for over 1450 h at a high DOD of 45.3%. Meanwhile, a high‐capacity (185.7 mAh g−1) aqueous Zn||VS2 full cell shows remarkable cycling stability over 220 cycles with an excellent capacity retention of 90.4% even at a low current density of 0.1 A g−1 (0.5 C). This work sheds light on electrolyte design and interface engineering for high‐performance aqueous batteries.
Cultivating High‐Performance Flexible All‐in‐One Supercapacitors With 3D Network Through Continuous Biosynthesis
Authors: Ling Zhang‐Chi , He Qian , Yang Huai‐Bin , Zhou Zhan , Han Zi‐Meng , Luo Xiao‐Han , Yang Kun‐Peng , Guan Qing‐Fang , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: May 2024

Flexible supercapacitors can potentially power next‐generation flexible electronics. However, the mechanical and electrochemical stability of flexible supercapacitors under different flexible conditions is limited by the weak bonding between adjacent layers, posing a significant hindrance to their practical applicability. Herein, based on the uninterrupted 3D network during the growth of bacterial cellulose (BC), a flexible all‐in‐one supercapacitor is cultivated through a continuous biosynthesis process. This strategy ensures the continuity of the 3D network of BC throughout the material, thereby forming a continuous electrode–separator–electrode structure. Benefitting from this bioinspired structure, the all‐in‐one supercapacitor not only achieves a high areal capacitance (3.79 F cm−2) of electrodes but also demonstrates the integration of high tensile strength (2.15 MPa), high shear strength (more than 54.6 kPa), and high bending resistance, indicating a novel pathway toward high‐performance flexible power sources.
Hydroxyl‐Bonded Co Single Atom Site on Boroncarbonitride Surface Realizes Nonsacrificial H2O2 Synthesis in the Near‐Infrared Region
Authors: Ou Honghui , Jin Yu , Chong Ben , Bao Jiahui , Kou Song , Li He , Li Yang , Yan Xiaoqing , Lin Bo , Yang Guidong
Published: May 2024

Photocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from O2 and H2O under near‐infrared light is a sustainable renewable energy production strategy, but challenging reaction. The bottleneck of this reaction lies in the regulation of O2 reduction path by photocatalyst. Herein, the center of the one‐step two‐electron reduction (OSR) pathway of O2 for H2O2 evolution via the formation of the hydroxyl‐bonded Co single‐atom sites on boroncarbonitride surface (BCN‐OH2/Co1) is constructed. The experimental and theoretical prediction results confirm that the hydroxyl group on the surface and the electronic band structure of BCN‐OH2/Co1 are the key factor in regulating the O2 reduction pathway. In addition, the hydroxyl‐bonded Co single‐atom sites can further enrich O2 molecules with more electrons, which can avoid the one‐electron reduction of O2 to •O2−, thus promoting the direct two‐electron activation hydrogenation of O2. Consequently, BCN‐OH2/Co1 exhibits a high H2O2 evolution apparent quantum efficiency of 0.8% at 850 nm, better than most of the previously reported photocatalysts. This study reveals an important reaction pathway for the generation of H2O2, emphasizing that precise control of the active site structure of the photocatalyst is essential for achieving efficient conversion of solar‐to‐chemical.
NiCo MOF@Carbon Quantum Dots Anode with Soot Derived Activated Carbon Cathode: An Efficient Asymmetric Configuration for Sustainable High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Kumari Rita , Prajapati Megha , Ravi Kant Chhaya
Published: May 2024

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit excellent crystalline, hierarchical porous structures and have garnered great scientific interest as a key material for supercapacitor applications. However, the low conductivity of MOFs poses a great challenge to fully utilize their potential. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) prepared from waste edible soybean oil have been skillfully incorporated into NiCo MOF to enhance supercapacitive performance with its high electronic conductivity and rapid charge transfer kinetics. Symmetrical, spherical CQDs synthesized using the hydrothermal method have been decorated on NiCo MOF nanosheets using a facile solvothermal technique to form the NiCo MOF@CQDs composite. The new composite retains the desirable crystalline structure and hierarchical porosity of MOFs, while the integration of CQDs contributes to enhanced conductivity, yielding a superior specific capacitance of 1063.02 Fg−1 (0.5 Ag−1). An asymmetric supercapacitor device has been fabricated using NiCo MOF@CQDs as positive electrode and waste soybean oil‐derived activated‐carbon as negative electrode. The assembled device shows a remarkable energy and power density of 30.61 Whkg−1 and 0.62 kWkg−1, respectively. Moreover, the device demonstrates a promising Coulombic efficiency of 84.53%, with capacitance retention of 88.61% over 5000 charge–discharge cycles. This work highlights existing challenges and potential sustainable solutions in the realm of emerging energy storage devices.
Efficient Decoupled Electrolytic Water Splitting in Acid through Pseudocapacitive TiO2
Authors: Iesalnieks Mairis , Vanags Mārtiņš , Alsiņa Linda Laima , Eglītis Raivis , Grīnberga Līga , Sherrell Peter C. , Šutka Andris
Published: May 2024

Water electrolysis remains a key component in the societal transition to green energy. Membrane electrolyzers are the state‐of‐the‐art technology for water electrolysis, relying on 80 °C operation in highly alkaline electrolytes, which is undesirable for many of the myriad end‐use cases for electrolytic water splitting. Herein, an alternative water electrolysis process, decoupled electrolysis, is described which performed in mild acidic conditions with excellent efficiencies. Decoupled electrolysis sequentially performs the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), at the same catalyst. Here, H+ ions generated from the OER are stored through pseudocapacitive (redox) charge storage, and released to drive the HER. Here, decoupled electrolysis is demonstrated using cheap, abundant, TiO2 for the first time. To achieve decoupled acid electrolysis, ultra‐small anatase TiO2 particles (4.5 nm diameter) are prepared. These ultra‐small TiO2 particles supported on a carbon felt electrode show a highly electrochemical surface area with a capacitance of 375 F g−1. When these electrodes are tested for decoupled water splitting an overall energy efficiency of 52.4% is observed, with excellent stability over 3000 cycles of testing. This technology can provide a viable alternative to membrane electrolyzers—eliminating the need for highly alkaline electrolytes and elevated temperatures.
In situ Electrical Impedance Tomography for Visualizing Water Transportation in Hygroscopic Aerogels
Authors: Tang Miao , Zhong Haosong , Lu Xupeng , Yang Rongliang , Lee Connie Kong Wai , Pan Yexin , Chen Yi , Li Mitch Guijun
Published: May 2024

The global water crisis demands immediate attention, and atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) provides a viable alternative. However, studying the real‐time subtle relationship between water absorption, diffusion, and internal structure for hygroscopic materials is challenging. Herein, a dynamic visualization technique is proposed that utilizes an in situ electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system and a precise reconstruction algorithm to achieve real‐time monitoring of the water sorption process within aerogels from an internal microstructural perspective. These results can be inferred that composites' pore sizes affecting the kinetics of their moisture absorption. In addition, the diffusion path of moisture absorption and the distribution of stored moisture inside aerogels exhibit intrinsic self‐selective behavior, where the fiber skeleton of the aerogel plays a crucial role. In summary, this work proposes a generic EIT‐based technique for the in situ and dynamic monitoring of the hygroscopic process, pointing to an entirely new approach regarding research on AWH materials.
Unveil the Triple Roles of Water Molecule on Power Generation of MXene Derived TiO2 based Moisture Electric Generator
Authors: Liu Chao , Wan Tao , Guan Peiyuan , Li Mengyao , Zhang Shuo , Hu Long , Kuo Yu‐Chieh , Feng Ziheng , Chen Fandi , Zhu Yanzhe , Jia Haowei , Cao Tao , Liang Tianyue , Kumeria Tushar , Su Dawei , Chu Dewei
Published: May 2024

Evaporation‐driven electricity generators have been proposed to generate electricity by water interacting with nanostructured materials. However, several proposed mechanisms, such as intrinsic gradient of polar functional groups principle and electrokinetic effect perspective, are in wide discrepancy. Here, through the combination of theoretical calculations involving time dimension on material's moisturizing process and experimental analyses, it is revealed the working principle through the water molecule triple roles in driving moisture electric generators (MEGs): 1) intrinsic H2O absorption on the material surface and splitting into hydroxy group and proton due to the polarizability of the material surface determined by the static electric potential of the materials. This process induces the electrochemical potential difference of the materials via the work function changes; 2) freely diffused protons derived from the H2O splitting work as the ions charge carriers; 3) via the hydrogen bond of the water molecules to drive charge carriers diffuse between opposite electrodes, maintaining the internal circuit current flow. It is successfully unveiled that anatase TiO2 based materials for output voltage changes correlated to the domains’ work function's difference, tuning by the surface adsorption species (H, Cl, OH) and anisotropic exposed crystal facets of the material. This work unveils MEG's general working principle.
Battery Electrolyte Design for Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) Platforms
Authors: Dixit Marm , Bisht Anuj , Witherspoon Brett , Essehli Rachid , Amin Ruhul , Duncan Andrew , Hines Jairus , Kweon Chol‐Bum M. , Belharouak Ilias
Published: May 2024

The development of robust and high‐performance battery systems is crucial for the advancement of Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) vehicles for urban air mobility. This study evaluates the performance of different lithium‐ion battery chemistries under Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) load profiles. The actual flight data coupled with physical models is used to create discharge profiles for testing on developed lithium‐ion cells for eVTOLs. The performance of a standard liquid electrolyte (1.2 M LiPF6 in EC:EMC), labeled Gen‐2, is benchmarked and compared with a fast‐charging electrolyte (1.2 M LiFSI in EC:EMC), labeled XFC. Cell analysis involves the use of various techniques, such as impedance spectroscopy, polarization curves, and capacity retention measurements. Capacity retention is stable for both systems over 500 cycles, but unique discharge capacity trends are observed for different mission segments. During the initial takeoff hover stages, Gen‐2 electrolytes experience substantial voltage fade, while XFC electrolytes maintain consistent behavior. In general, the Gen‐2 electrolyte demonstrated lower discharge overpotentials and higher decay during cycling compared to the XFC electrolyte. This work highlights the complexity of eVTOL battery behavior and provides insights into battery system design, contributing to the advancement of battery energy storage solutions for urban air mobility.
Boosting Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis via NOx Reduction over Sulfur‐Doped Copper Oxide Nanoneedle Arrays
Authors: Zhang Taisong , Lv Jiangnan , Yang Ruixia , Yan Zhi , Sun Xiaoting , Xu Xiaohong , Liu Yang
Published: May 2024

The electrochemical NOx reduction reactions, involving nitrate and nitrite reduction reactions (NO3−RR and NO2−RR), have emerged as promising approaches for both NO3− and NO2− removal, and ammonium (NH3) synthesis under ambient conditions. However, the incorporation and stabilization of sulfur dopants in the catalysts for efficient NOx reduction are rarely explored, leading to an unclear effect of sulfur on the NOx reduction mechanism. Herein, sulfur‐doped Cu2O (S‐Cu2O) nanoneedle arrays via in situ electrochemical treatment are synthesized. The S‐Cu2O catalyst possesses excellent durability and selectivity for NH3 over a wide range of potentials in NO3−RR, attaining a maximum NH3 Faradaic efficiency of 94% at −0.6 VRHE and a maximum NH3 yield as high as 1.06 mmol h−1 cm−2. In NO3−RR, the sulfur dopant can accelerate the step from NO2− to NH3, contributing superior performance in NO2−RR and assembled Zn−NO2− battery device. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the presence of sulfur can enhance the initial step of *NO3 adsorption, lower the reaction barriers for the formation of *NHO intermediate, and activate the H2O dissociation process. The work sheds light on the role of sulfur in enhancing electrocatalytic performance and provides a unique perspective for understanding the NOx reduction mechanism.
Glutamic Acid Induced Proton Substitution of Sodium Vanadate Cathode Promotes High Performance in Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Pengtao , Gong Yangyang , Fan Shuang , Luo Zhaoyan , Hu Jiangtao , Peng Chao , Zhang Qianling , Li Yongliang , Ren Xiangzhong
Published: May 2024

Lacking strategies to simultaneously address the narrow interlayer spacing, irreversible phase transitions, dissolution and electrical transport issues of vanadium oxides is restricting their application in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. Herein, to address these challenges concurrently, an organic‐inorganic hybrid cathode is explored, HNaV6O16·4H2O‐Glu (HNVO‐Glu), through a guest material‐mediated NVO synthesis strategy utilizing glutamic acid (Glu) to induce Na substituted by proton and enable crystal transformation of Na2V6O16·3H2O (NVO). Specially, Glu insertion kills three birds with one arrow: i) induces the formation of a structurally stable monoclinic HNaV6O16·4H2O phase by introducing H into the NVO framework, preventing structural phase change and collapse of NVO material; ii) acts as a pillar to expand the interlayer spacing, which improves the Zn2+ diffusion kinetics; moreover, the polar groups on the Glu surface weaken the electrostatic interaction between Zn2+ and the host materials, further enhancing the zinc‐ionic transport rate; iii) enhances the electrical conductivity of HNVO by converting the p‐type semiconductor into the n‐type semiconductor structure. Consequently, the HNVO‐Glu exhibits a high specific capacity (354.6 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1), excellent Zn2+ diffusion capability (10−9 to 10−7 cm2 s−1) and outstanding cycling stability with a capacity retention of 87.2% after 12 000 cycles at 10 A g−1.
Indacenodithiophene‐based single‐component ambipolar polymer for high‐performance vertical organic electrochemical transistors and inverters
Authors: Sun Yimin , Lan Yu , Li Meisi , Feng Wang , Xie Miao , Lai Yueping , Li Wei , Cheng Yuhua , Chen Jianhua , Huang Wei , Feng Liang‐Wen , Ding Junqiao
Published: May 2024

Single‐component ambipolar polymers are highly desirable for organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and integration into complementary logic circuits with reduced process complexity. However, they often suffer from imbalanced p‐type and n‐type characteristics and/or stability issues. Herein, a novel single‐component ambipolar polymer, namely, gIDT–BBT is reported based on indacenodithiophene (IDT) as the electron donor, benzobisthiadiazole (BBT) as the electron acceptor and oligo ethylene glycol (OEG) as the side chain. Benefitting from the extended backbone planarity and rigidity of IDT, pronounced electron‐withdrawing capability of BBT, favored ionic transport from OEG together with vertical OECT device structure, a nearly balanced ambipolar OECT performance is achieved for gIDT–BBT, revealing a high transconductance of 155.05 ± 1.58/27.28 ± 0.92 mS, a high current on/off ratio >106 and an excellent operational stability under both p‐type and n‐type operation conditions. With gIDT–BBT in hand, furthermore, vertically stacked complementary inverters are successfully fabricated to show a maximum voltage gain of 28 V V−1 (VIN = 0.9 V) and stable operation over 1000 switching cycles, and then used for efficient electrooculogram recording. This work provides a new approach for the development of ambipolar single‐component organic mixed ionic–electronic conductors and establishes a foundation for the manufacture of high‐performance ambipolar OECTs and associated complementary circuits.
NbC Nanoparticles Decorated Carbon Nanofibers as Highly Active and Robust Heterostructural Electrocatalysts for Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Zhihao , Niu Aihui , Lv Yaxin , Guo Haoran , Chen Jun Song , Liu Qian , Dong Kai , Sun Xuping , Li Tingshuai
Published: May 2024

Transition‐metal carbides with metallic properties have been extensively used as electrocatalysts due to their excellent conductivity and unique electronic structures. Herein, NbC nanoparticles decorated carbon nanofibers (NbC@CNFs) are proposed as an efficient and robust catalyst for electrochemical synthesis of ammonia from nitrate/nitrite reduction, which achieves a high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 94.4 % and a large ammonia yield of 30.9 mg h−1 mg−1cat.. In situ electrochemical tests reveal the nitrite reduction at the catalyst surface follows the *NO pathway and theoretical calculations reveal the formation of NbC@CNFs heterostructure significantly broadens density of states nearby the Fermi energy. Finite element simulations unveil that the current and electric field converge on the NbC nanoparticles along the fiber, suggesting the dispersed carbides are highly active for nitrite reduction.
Recent advances in palladium‐catalyzed α‐arylation reactions
Authors: Swathy Krishna Jeevakumari , Saranya Padinjare Veetil , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: May 2024

The indispensable role of α‐arylated compounds in chemistry can be accounted from its presence in various pharmaceuticals we use in our daily life. Chemists are establishing diverse methods for the synthesis of various α‐arylated compounds by considering their applications in different fields including biology, medicine, agrochemicals, material science, etc. Diverse pharmacologically active compounds, natural products, and drugs contain α‐arylated carbonyl groups in their structure. The impact of transition metal catalysis in chemistry is overwhelming, among which palladium is the predominant due to its high reactivity as well as catalytic potential. α‐Arylation reactions with palladium catalysts have been successful in producing a variety of desired chemicals. The formation of active pharmaceutical ingredients and total synthesis of natural products can now be achieved by the development of novel pathways through the α‐arylation of carbonyl compounds, catalyzed by palladium. Wide variety of simple arylating agents could be used under the condition of palladium catalysis. Syntheses that utilize α‐arylation methods often offer advanced ways that improve overall yields, expand the scope of the synthesis, and reduce the steps. One of the synthetic achievements is the increased selectivity obtained with lower amounts of the catalyst. Gentle reaction conditions were employed, and broad substrate scope was accomplished. Recent advances in the α‐arylation reactions of various compounds, catalyzed by palladium, is discussed in this review covering literature from 2016 to 2022.
Preparation of cellulose nanowhiskers‐reinforced polyurethane: Photoresponsive plastic with ultraviolet protection and superhydrophobic properties
Authors: Al‐Qahtani Salhah D. , Al‐Senani Ghadah M.
Published: May 2024

Transparent, photoluminescent, mechanically reliable, ultraviolet protective and superhydrophobic thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) plastic was developed. A simple strategy to prepare transparent plastic that glows in the dark is to use alkaline earth strontium aluminate (AESA) nanoparticles trapped in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPUR). In order to improve both hardness and transparency of the plastic composite, cellulose nanowhiskers were used as a crosslinker and drier. The colorless plastic substrates exhibited a color shift to greenish when exposed to ultraviolet source. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was employed to examine the morphology of AESA nanoparticles (8–15 nm in diameter) and cellulose nanowhiskers (3–7 nm in width and 645–665 nm in length). Morphological studies and hardness parameters were used to assess the TPUR samples. Excitation and emission spectral analyses were also employed to study the photoluminescence characteristics. The colorless plastic substrates that were made luminescent showed an excitation band at 388 nm and two emission bands at 452 nm and 515 nm. TPUR samples with greater AESA levels exhibited long‐persistent afterglow, whereas TPUR samples with lower AESA amounts exhibited rapid and reversible fluorescence when irradiated with ultraviolet light. Enhanced UV shielding and superhydrophobicity were observed in the photoluminescent plastic substrates upon increasing the phosphor content.
Implicated subjects: Reckoning with individual and collective histories
Authors: Layton Lynne
Published: May 2024

Drawing a connection between the “repetition compulsion” and reparations movements' demand for a “guarantee of non‐repeat,” this essay examines some of the psychological workings of implication in systemic racism by highlighting individual, familial, and collective histories, and by looking at some of what is currently taking place in psychoanalytic institutions.
Decennary Update on Oxidative‐Rearrangement Involving 1,2‐Aryl C−C Migration Around Alkenes: Synthetic and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Kumar Ravinder
Published: May 2024

In recent years, numerous methodologies on oxidative rearrangements of alkenes have been investigated, that produce multipurpose synthons and heterocyclic scaffolds of potential applications. The present review focused on recently established methodologies for oxidative transformation via 1,2‐aryl migration in alkenes (2013–2023). Special emphasis has been placed on mechanistic pathways to understand the reactivity pattern of different substrates, challenges to enhance selectivity, the key role of different reagents, and effect of different substituents, and how they affect the rearrangement process. Moreover, synthetic limitations and future direction also have been discussed. We believe, this review offers new synthetic and mechanistic insight to develop elegant precursors and approaches to explore the utilization of alkene‐based compounds for natural product synthesis and functional materials.
Zeolite‐Templated Carbons Supported Rh and Ru Electrocatalysts for Highly Active Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Cao Yuanxin , Yu Xiaoming , Wang Tianfu , Li Jiahao , Li Nan , Ge Anbang , Ying Jie , Yu Tongwen
Published: May 2024

Here, we report the systematical synthesis of zeolite‐templated carbon (ZTC) supported Ru and Rh mono‐ or bi‐metallic electrocatalysts towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The zeolite A or ZSM‐5 derived ZTC supports and metal sites were adjusted, and all electrocatalysts outperformed the commercial Pt/C electrocatalyst for HER performance. In particular, the RhRu/(ZTC/ZSM5) sample exhibited superior catalytic performance with the overpotential of 24.8 mV@10 mA ⋅ cm−2, and outstanding stability with 1 mV drop after 20000 cyclic voltammetry circles. This work offers a simple impregnation method for the synthesis of highly performed HER electrocatalysts supported on porous zeolite‐templated carbon.
Physical and compositional characteristics of drinking water storage tank sediment
Authors: Lytle Darren A. , Muhlen Christy , Lippitt Scott H. , Crockett Evan , Achtemeier Riley
Published: May 2024

Thirty‐one drinking water storage tank sediment samples were collected in 13 states, 17 distribution systems, and 29 tanks over the course of 4 years. Sediment samples were characterized for elemental composition and physical properties, which were found to be inconsistent both between samples of the same distribution system and across geographical regions. Differences between samples from the same tank also indicated spatial differences in sediment composition within storage tanks. Color was found to qualitatively trend toward darker or lighter depending on the concentration of a few elements (iron, aluminum, calcium, and magnesium). Particle shape varied between samples though uniformity increased as the particle size decreased. The average sediment particle density in this study (1.99 g/cm3) was lower than the density of a widely used sediment resuspension model silica sand (2.65 g/cm3), possibly resulting in underestimation of resuspension in models. This study suggests that sediment properties are highly site and storage tank specific, necessitating individual characterization to achieve greatest accuracy in storage tank suspension and draining model inputs.
Framing sustainability strategies for the enactment of corporate actions with positive macro‐level impact: Evidence from a developing country
Authors: Rodríguez Jorge A. , Amaya‐Rivas Adriana
Published: May 2024

The literature on sustainability strategies has focused on outcomes at the micro or meso level of analysis, such as changes in the indicators of people, organizations, or supply chains. However, sustainable development involves a set of macro‐level issues such as the atmosphere, oceans, and societal phenomena. There is scarce research linking business actions to planetary‐ or national‐level outcomes. Therefore, this research focuses on how the process of framing a sustainability strategy shapes the enactment of social or environmental actions with an intended positive macro‐level impact. We use five longitudinal case studies in Ecuador to create a framework that links the framing of sustainability strategies with the enactment of actions with a positive macro‐level impact. This research finds that sustainability strategies framed as environmental impacts following science‐based methods, and integrative cross‐sector partnerships mobilize explorative sustainable innovation capabilities and partnerships for collective actions with macro‐level impacts. We also find that temporal ambidextrous management, purpose alignment, and perceived competence in monitoring resource allocation are enablers of the transition of these framing processes. Finally, managers should be aware that macro‐level impacts are more likely to be generated through collective actions and innovation efforts deployed using ecosystem logic for value creation.
An open‐source data acquisition platform for teaching vibration analysis
Authors: Trujillo‐Franco Luis G. , Abundis‐Fong Hugo F. , Marin‐Soriano Juan C.
Published: May 2024

The actual open‐source hardware and software tools offer a rich set of options for developing didactic tools to improve the teaching–learning process of various areas of engineering. Using low‐cost sensors, in conjunction with free software development tools, allows the creation of educational interfaces and platforms offering very acceptable performance and precision that help the student to become familiar with the basic principles that govern professional equipment. In this work, we propose a low‐cost system for data acquisition specially designed to improve the learning experience of experimental mechanics. To achieve this purpose, we use open‐source software and hardware tools to create a piece of educational equipment that is fully configurable for different sensors. We present the experimental results of two case studies: the vibration analysis of a rotor‐bearing system using acceleration signals and a free‐vibration study using a xylophone and a low‐cost microphone. The proposed platform helps authors to complement a 4‐month course named Vibration, intended for mechanical engineering students. The students who participated in the study demonstrated an improvement in their comprehension of vibration theory and modal analysis using the finite element technique. The feedback from students indicates that 84% of the participants are highly motivated to learn more about vibrations and experimental mechanics.
Know your institution's legal responsibilities for handling students’ dining accommodations requests
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: May 2024

The U.S. Department of Agriculture estimates that around 2% of adults have a food allergy (bit.ly/3UjKHVE). This means that food allergies also affect students at your institution.
Berberine: Potential preventive and therapeutic strategies for human colorectal cancer
Authors: Feng Yuqian , Lu Jiamin , Jiang Jing , Wang Menglei , Guo Kaibo , Lin Shengyou
Published: May 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common digestive tract tumor, with incidences continuing to rise. Although modern medicine has extended the survival time of CRC patients, its adverse effects and the financial burden cannot be ignored. CRC is a multi‐step process and can be caused by the disturbance of gut microbiome and chronic inflammation's stimulation. Additionally, the presence of precancerous lesions is also a risk factor for CRC. Consequently, scientists are increasingly interested in identifying multi‐target, safe, and economical herbal medicine and natural products. This paper summarizes berberine's (BBR) regulatory mechanisms in the occurrence and development of CRC. The findings indicate that BBR regulates gut microbiome homeostasis and controls mucosal inflammation to prevent CRC. In the CRC stage, BBR inhibits cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, blocks the cell cycle, induces cell apoptosis, regulates cell metabolism, inhibits angiogenesis, and enhances chemosensitivity. BBR plays a role in the overall management of CRC. Therefore, using BBR as an adjunct to CRC prevention and treatment could become a future trend in oncology.
Immobilization of Oleate Hydratase on Solid Supports
Authors: Oike Keiko , Schoevaart Rob , Hollmann Frank , Hanefeld Ulf , Hagedoorn Peter‐Leon
Published: May 2024

Oleate hydratases open a biocatalytic access to hydroxy fatty acids by hydration of unsaturated fatty acids. Their practical applicability, however, is hampered by their low stability. In this study we report the immobilization of the oleate hydratase from Rhodococcus erythropolis PR4 on functionalized porous, spherical polymer beads. Different carrier materials promoting covalent, hydrophobic, ionic and his‐tag affinity were screened and immobilization yields typically >95 % were observed. The highest activity recovery of 32 % was achieved by immobilization via ionic interaction with quaternary ammonium functionalized beads. Biochemical properties of the enzyme immobilized via ionic interaction remain unchanged upon immobilization. The immobilized enzyme was applied for synthesis of 10‐hydroxystearic acid remaining stable under process conditions. Conversion of up to 100 mM oleic acid gave 10‐hydroxystearic acid achieving a TON of up to 19,000. Successful recycling of the biocatalyst for up to ten cycles further demonstrate its potential for the synthesis of 10‐hydroxystearic acid.
Recent Progress in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Li Ziqi , Lu Jianjun , Li Xuping
Published: May 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a rapidly growing discipline that is expected to become an encouraging noninvasive therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. In the PDT process, an efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) process for photosensitizers from the singlet excited state (S1) to the triplet excited state (T1) is critical for the formation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species and improvement of PDT performance. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules featuring an extremely small singlet–triplet energy gap and an efficient ISC process represent an enormous breakthrough for the PDT process. Consequently, the development of advanced TADF photosensitizers has become increasingly crucial and pressing. The most recent developments in TADF photosensitizers aimed at enhancing PDT efficiency for bio‐applications are presented in this review. TADF photosensitizers with water dispersibility, targeting ability, activatable ability, and two‐photon excitation properties are highlighted. Furthermore, the future challenges and perspectives of TADF photosensitizers in PDT are proposed.
Direct Comparative Studies Revealing the Contribution of TADF Activity of Organic Emitters Towards Efficient Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Wei Jinliu , Yang Nairong , Li Feiming , Cai Shunyou , Zhang Baohua , Cai Zhixiong
Published: May 2024

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) featuring thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties has attracted considerable interest, showcasing their potential for 100 % exciton harvesting, which marks a significant advancement in the realm of organic ECL. However, the challenge of elucidating the precise contribution of TADF to the enhanced ECL efficiency arises due to the lack of comparative studies of organic compounds with or without efficient TADF properties. In this study, we present four carbazole‐benzonitrile molecules possessing similar chemical structures and comparable exchange energy (ΔEST). Despite their comparable properties, these compounds exhibited varying TADF efficiencies, warranting a closer examination of their underlying structural and electronic characteristics governing the optical properties. Consequently, intense ECL emission was only observed from 4CzBN with a remarkable TADF efficiency, underscoring the substantial difference in the ECL signal among molecules with comparable ΔEST and similar spectral properties but varying TADF activity.
Indium(III)‐Catalyzed Haloalkynylation Reaction of Alkynes
Authors: Daniels Alyssa , Wölper Christoph , Haberhauer Gebhard
Published: May 2024

Green chemistry strives for sustainability at the molecular level and is gaining increasing relevance in the development of chemical reactions. The haloalkynylation reaction is a highly atom–economical C−C coupling reaction that was previously only achieved using transition metal catalysts. It enables the introduction of an alkyne unit and a halogen atom into the target molecule. Herein, we present a haloalkynylation reaction catalyzed by indium(III) halides. The use of indium(III) bromide as a catalyst leads exclusively to the cis addition products with yields up to 86 %. In addition, iodoacetylenes can be applied for the first time for the haloalkynylation reaction of internal alkynes which is an important step forward in the development of industrially relevant and sustainable catalysts. In contrast to gold catalysis, which proceeds via a similar mechanism, the use of alkyl‐substituted haloacetylenes as reagents is also possible. Based on 13C labeling experiments and quantum chemical calculations, we postulate two possible mechanisms for the indium(III)‐catalyzed haloalkynylation reactions.
Photoinduced Perfluoroalkyloximation of Alkenes with Simple Perfluoroalkyl Halides
Authors: Li Wei , Li Zhongji , Zhong Deliang , Wang Nianxing , Li Huaifeng
Published: May 2024

Comprehensive Summary

In this paper, the difunctionalizative perfluoroalkyloximation of alkenes has been developed for the first time. This photochemical method allows for the synthesis of various perfluoroalkyl ethanone oximes with excellent regioselectivity and good functional group tolerance. Our method employs the most common perfluoroalkyl source, perfluoroalkyl iodides, as Rf reagents. Besides long‐chain perfluoroalkyl groups, this approach could be extended to incorporating additional groups, including trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, sulfonyl, and malonate, selectively into olefins, resulting in a range of β‐substituted ethanone oximes. Notably, the potential of this method in the Fukuyama indole synthesis, generating novel 2‐perfluoroalkylated 3‐(α‐oximidobenzyl)indoles via a radical cascade mechanism with 2‐vinylphenylacryloyl isocyanate as the radical acceptor, presents a compelling avenue for drug synthesis. The protocol is efficient, scalable, and useful for late‐stage modification of bioactive molecules.