bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La política comercial externa norteamericana en la Era Obama y las transformaciones de la gobernanza del comercio internacional
Authors: Zelicovich Julieta
Published: April 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es indagar en las vinculaciones entre la política comercial externa norteamericana durante la administración Obama y algunos de los principales cambios sucedidos durante la última década en las relaciones comerciales internacionales. Nuestra hipótesis sostiene que fenómenos como la parálisis de las negociaciones de la Ronda Doha y el avance de las negociaciones de acuerdos “Megarregionales” guardan una estrecha relación con las modificaciones de la política comercial externa norteamericana del período 2009-2015. Desde la perspectiva de los bienes públicos, sostendremos que durante la presidencia de Barack Obama, EEUU ha priorizado la construcción de bienes públicos “exclusivos” por sobre los regímenes multilaterales que representen bienes públicos “no-discriminatorios”.  El trabajo se inscribe dentro de una interpretación realista de las transformaciones de la Economía Política Internacional. Se trata de un trabajo descriptivo-explicativo, cuya metodología se ha centrado en el análisis de contenido de fuentes documentales: “The President’s Trade Policy Agenda” del período 2009 a 2015 y la “Bipartisan Congressional Trade Priorities and Accountability Act of 2015’’.Palabras-llave: Obama, Política comercial, Gobernanza Global, Rodada Doha, acuerdos megarregionales  Abstract: The aim of this paper is to investigate the connections between the US foreign trade policy for the Obama administration and some of the major changes that have occurred over the past decade in the international trade relations. Our hypothesis is that phenomena such as the paralysis of the Doha Round negotiations and the progress of megarregional-agreements negotiations are closely connected with changes in the US foreign trade policy for the period 2009-2015. From the perspective of public goods, we will argue that during the presidency of Barack Obama, the US has prioritized the construction of "exclusive" public goods over the multilateral regimes that represent "non-discriminatory" public goods. The paper makes an interpretation of the changes in the international political economy from the realistic theory viewpoint. This is a descriptive-explanatory work, where the methodology has focused on content analysis of documentary sources: "The President's Trade Policy Agenda" for the period 2009-2015 and the "Congressional Bipartisan Trade Priorities and Accountability Act of 2015''.Key words: Obama, Trade Policy, Global Governance, Doha Round, megarregional agreements
A identidade europeia e o euro: análise comparativa da moeda como um símbolo identitário nos anos 2002 e 2014/The European identity and the Euro
Authors: Szucko Angélica Saraiva
Published: April 2020

Este artigo pretende estabelecer a correlação entre o Euro e a construção de uma identidade europeia como um processo de mão dupla, em que ambos os lado se influenciam mutuamente, bem como analisar a função da moeda comum como um símbolo identitário em dois anos distintos: em 2002, logo após o início da circulação do Euro; e em 2014, quando ainda é possível notar os efeitos da crise de 2008 e do alargamento da união monetária ao leste europeu. Em primeiro lugar, será exposto um breve quadro teórico sobre os estudos de integração europeia, destacando-se a importância da questão da identidade para melhor compreensão do processo como um todo. Em segundo lugar, serão elencadas algumas características da construção da identidade europeia com base nos resultados de estudos sobre o tema, especialmente com foco nas pesquisas coordenadas por Thomas Risse. Em terceiro lugar, será apresentado um histórico sobre o processo de construção da União Econômica e Monetária, culminando com a introdução do Euro, e realizar-se-á uma análise comparativa baseada nos dados das pesquisas de opinião do Eurobarometer sobre as percepções em relação à moeda comum em 2002 e em 2014, ressaltando-se os contextos de cada ano. Por fim, serão apontados alguns comentários conclusivos sobre o Euro como um símbolo identitário da União Europeia. Palavras-chave: identidade europeia, Euro, União Europeia.   Abstract: This article aims to establish the correlation between the Euro and the construction of a European identity as a two-way process, in which both sides influence each other, and to analyze the role of the common currency as an identity symbol in two different years: in 2002, just after the start of the circulation of the Euro; and in 2014, when it is still possible to note the effects of the 2008 crisis and the extension of the monetary union to Eastern Europe. Firstly, a brief theoretical framework about the study of the European integration highlighting the importance of the identity question to better understand the process as a whole will be exposed. Secondly, some characteristics of the European identity construction based on the results of studies on the subject, specially focusing on the research coordinated by Thomas Risse, will be listed. Thirdly, the background of the construction process of the Economic and Monetary Union culminating with the introduction of the Euro will be presented, and a comparative analysis based on data from Eurobarometer opinion surveys on perceptions of the common currency in 2002 and 2014 will be carried out, highlighting the contexts of each year. Finally, some concluding comments will be appointed on the Euro as an identity symbol of the European Union.Key words: European identity, Euro, European Union.
A discussão sobre Mercosul na produção científica: o impacto das ideias sobre a produção bibliográfica do bloco regional (1991-2015)/ Discussion on Mercosur in scientific production: the impact of ideas on the literature of the regional block (1991-2015)
Authors: Culpi Ludmila A. , Dal Gobbo Abi Alex
Published: April 2020

O objetivo geral do presente artigo é apresentar um balanço do avanço da bibliografia sobre o Mercosul desde sua criação em 1991 até o ano de 2015. Pretende-se verificar quais as principais temáticas abordadas pelos pesquisadores sobre a integração regional no Cone Sul ao longo do desenvolvimento do bloco. A pergunta que se busca responder é como evoluíram os estudos sobre o tema da integração ao longo das suas diferentes fases, com ênfase sobre o papel das ideias nesse processo. Defende-se se que há um crescimento das produções sobre temas relacionados a questões sociais do bloco a partir das mudanças de ideologias dos governos pelas quais passaram os Estados protagonistas no processo, Brasil e Argentina, a partir de 2003. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise qualitativa das dissertações, das teses, dos livros e artigos elaborados a respeito do Mercosul. O referencial teórico adotado foi o da Teoria Construtivista, a qual determina a formação de identidades dos atores a partir de fatores materiais e ideacionais. O trabalho está dividido em três partes, além da introdução e considerações finais. Os resultados do trabalho são de que mesmo que haja uma supremacia das temáticas econômicas, a partir de 2003 as identidades dos atores se alteram e os temas sociais passam a ser mais abordados nas pesquisas. Palavras-chave: MERCOSUL; Integração Regional; Construtivismo.Abstract: The overall objective of this paper is to present an assessment of the literature on Mercosur since its inception in 1991 until 2015. It is intended to verify the main themes addressed by researchers on regional integration in the Southern Cone during the block’s development. The article’s  research question is how the studies on Mercosur integration have evolved over time, with emphasis on the role of ideas in the process. It is argued that there is a growth of scientific production on topics related to social issues in the block, which have followed the ideological change of governments from the protagonists States, Brazil and Argentina, since 2003. The methodology used was the qualitative analysis of dissertations, theses, books and articles written about the Mercosur. The theoretical framework adopted was the Constructivist Theory, which determines the formation of identities of actors from material and ideational factors. The work is divided into three parts, and the introduction and concluding remarks. The result of the study is that even if there is a primacy of economic issues, from 2003 the identities of the actors change and social issues become more addressed by academic research.Key Words: MERCOSUL; Regional Integration; Constructivism.
Gambaran Tingkat Kepatuhan Membaca Label Pangan pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Sainsdan Teknologi Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia
Authors: Widiawati Dina , Komalasari Ema
Published: April 2020

Abstrak-Kesadaran konsumen dalam membaca label pangan dan untuk memahami isi label pangan masih sangat rendah. Diperlukan analisis mengenai tingkat kepatuhan mahasiswa dalam membaca label pangan, sehingga mahasiswa memiliki pemahaman yang lebih baik terhadap label pangan. Responden pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa dari Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia angkatan 2015-2018. Metode pengambilan data pada penelitian ini adalah melalui kuisioner. Responden akan mengisi sendiri kuisioner yang diberikan dengan mengikuti instruksi yang akan dijelaskan sebelum pengisian kuisioner oleh tim pengambil data. Responden pada penelitian ini berjumlah 90 orang dengan jumlah perempuan 53,33% dan laki-laki 46,67%. Pengetahuan responden mengenai label pangan ada pada kategori baik yaitu 82,22% dan kategori cukup 17,78%. Sedangkan untuk tingkat kepatuhan, responden yang memiliki tingkat kepatuhan tertinggi berada pada kategori cukup yaitu 61,11%, kategori baik 36,67%, dan kategori kurang 2,22%. Data pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan responden mengenai label pangan ada pada kategori baik dan tingkat kepatuhan dalam membaca label pangan ada pada kategori cukup.

Abstract- Consumer awareness in reading food labels and understanding the contents of food labels are still very low. An analysis is needed on the level of student compliance in reading food labels, so students have a better understanding of food labels. Respondents in this study were students from the Faculty of Science and Technology of Al Azhar University Indonesia class of 2015-2018. The data collection method in this study was through a questionnaire. Respondent’s will fill in the questionnaire given themselves by following the instructions that will be explained before filling out the questionnaire by the data collection team. Respondents in this study numbered 90 people with 53,33% women and 46,67% men. Respondents knowledge about food labels is in the good category that is 82,22% and 17,78% enough category. As for the level of adherence, respondents who had the highest level of adherence were in the sufficient category, namely 61,11%, the good category 36,67%, and the less 2,22% category. The data in this study indicate that respondents' knowledge about food labels is in the good category and the level of compliance in reading food labels is in the sufficient category.

Keywords–Food Label, Food Label Knowledge, Decision-Making,Level of Compliance
O słuchowiskach radiowych "Kukułki Wileńskiej". Wokół kilku wileńskich rękopisów i maszynopisów Gałczyńskiego
Authors: Bujnicki Tadeusz
Published: April 2020

Artykuł omawia słuchowiska radiowe, transmitowane przez radio wileńskie w audycji "Kukułka Wileńska", których współautorem był Konstanty Ildefons Gałczyński. Poeta przebywający w Wilnie w latach 1933–1936, czynnie uczestniczył w życiu literackim miasta, a szczególnie współpracował z wileńską radiostacją kierowaną wówczas przez Witolda Hulewicza. Twórczość radiowa Gałczyńskiego była obfita. Należały do niej satyryczne wiersze wchodzące w skład większych słuchowisk, skecze i współautorstwo (z Teodorem Bujnickim) radiowych konferansjerek. Omówieniu dwóch konferansjerek, zachowanych w maszynopisach i będących egzemplarzami reżyserskimi, poświęcony jest artykuł. Przede wszystkim uwaga skupia się na ich aspektach humorystycznych, o wyraźnych cechach groteskowej poetyki Gałczyńskiego.
Motyw osamotnienia w twórczości senegalskiej pisarki Ken Bugul na przykładzie trzech powieści: "Le baobab fou", "Cendres et braises", "Mes hommes à moi"
Authors: Sacharewicz Edyta
Published: April 2020

Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie motywu osamotnienia w twórczości senegalskiej pisarki Ken Bugul. Główna część, którą stanowi analiza sytuacji bohaterek trzech powieści: "Le baobab fou", "Cendres et braises" oraz "Mes hommes à moi" zostaje poprzedzona krótkim wstępem wyjaśniającym pojęcia „samotność” oraz „osamotnienie”. Następnie, bazując również na badaniach psychologów, autorka pragnie pokazać, jak doświadczona trauma z dzieciństwa może wpływać na zachowanie oraz kształtowanie osobowości protagonistek wybranych utworów.
Wiesław Myśliwski jako filozof. Rekonesanse literaturoznawcze
Authors: Piętniewicz Michał
Published: April 2020

Autor artykułu przedstawia sylwetkę Wiesława Myśliwskiego, jako filozofa, który nie używając profesjonalnych pojęć filozoficznych oraz nie stosując fachowego języka filozoficznego, przybliża w swoich powieściach i dramatach podstawowe kategorie filozoficzne, takie jak życie, śmierć, sens, tajemnica bytu, zagadka tożsamości. Artykuł skupia się na najważniejszych, zdaniem autora, artykułach oraz monografiach, które w sposób twórczy oraz wnikliwy eksplorują ten problem. Celem artykułu jest bowiem zbadanie filozoficznych kontekstów, w jakie wpisuje się pisarstwo Wiesława Myśliwskiego. Głównym wnioskiem artykułu jest stwierdzenie, że choć prawie nie sposób orzec, że Myśliwski jest filozofem, można się do tej prawdy zbliżyć, badając uważnie język powieści i dramatów autora "Nagiego sadu".
Research on physico-chemical properties of sugars and sugar crystallization at the University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague
Authors: Bubnik Z. , Kadlec P. , Sarka E. , Pour V. , Hinkova A. , Henke S. , Gillarova S.
Published: April 2020

This paper represents a summary of most important research activities in sucrose crystallization, in which the Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, part of the University of Chemistry and Technology (UCT) Prague, has been involved over the last 25 years. A wide range of these projects has been carried out in cooperation with other research institutes, universities and industrial partners. These activities can be divided into four main research areas that are interconnected and support each other.
– Physical and chemical properties of sucrose and sugar solutions;
– Growth kinetics of sugar crystals in pure and technical sugar solutions;
– Simulation and mathematical modeling of new processes and technologies;
– Experimental work for industry and cooperation with industrial partners.
Optical Dispersion Characteristics of Polyvinyl Alcohol Reinforced with a Nanoceramic Filler
Authors: Barzic Andreea Irina , Soroceanu Marius , Rotaru Razvan , Harabagiu Valeria , Ciobanu Romeo Cristian
Published: April 2020

Polymer films with high refractive index are suitable for a wide range of applications, such as optical fibers, lens and other components for optoelectronic devices. In this work, polyvinyl alcohol films were prepared from aqueous solutions, which were homogenized by ultrasonication. In order to increase the refractive index, the polymer was reinforced with barium titanate nanoparticles, which are previously ultrasonicated for an adequate dispersion inside the host polymer. The dispersion of the refractive index in visible domain was analyzed as a function of filler percent introduced in polymer, showing that an increase in sample s polarizability determined an increase in the refractive index values. The reinforcement caused a decrease of Abbe number indicating a higher light dispersion in the samples. Optical dispersion parameters were extracted from dispersion curves, revealing a reduction of band gap from 3.448 eV for pure polymer to 2.605 eV for the sample containing 2% barium titanate. Doping with the ceramic nanofiller determined a increase in optical conductivity and real part of dielectric constant as a result of appearance of new level states in the band gap. The increase of third order nonlinear optical susceptibility and nonlinear refractive index indicates the suitability of the analyzed nanocomposites for nonlinear optics applications.
A Comparative Evaluation of Stress Resistance Between Nano-hybrid Composite and Ormocer Restorations on Posterior Teeth - in vitro Study
Authors: Perdiou Antonis S. , Eldin Rozan Alam , Hajaj Karin Roxana , Rominu Mihai , Sinescu Cosmin , Negrutiu Meda Lavinia , Negru Radu Marcel , Hajaj Tareq
Published: April 2020

Composite resin materials for posterior restorations are becoming more and more popular. According to the market, Ormocer materials are more expensive than composite resin this paper is comparing the resistance to fracture between nanohybrid composites and Ormocers under vertical forces to evaluate their cost efficiency in the dental cabinets. 20 teeth were prepared and filled with Ormocer and 20 with nanohybrid composite respectively. All the samples were sent for measuring under vertical pressure with the use of a universal testing machine. The average value of fracture for Ormocer was slightly higher (1541 N) than the average value of fracture of the nanohybrid composite (1431 N). Considering the similarity in the average values of the two materials we should look into the other properties (biocompatibility, shrinkage, aesthetics, etc) to take a final decision. Both materials can be used with the same rate of success taking in account always the protocol provided by the manufacturer.
Mechanical Properties of Composites Reinforced with Textile
Authors: Dodun Oana , Slatineanu Laurentiu , Nagit Gheorghe , Mares Marian , Hrituc Adelina , Coteata Margareta , Bancescu Irina Besliu
Published: April 2020

The needs of environmental protection led to the introduction of composites based on the use of plastics reinforced with biodegradable materials or other easily accessible materials. The overall purpose of the research was to experimentally investigate the possibilities of using some accessible reinforcement materials. Textile based on plants fibers and glass fibers were used as reinforcement materials, while the matrix was a polymer type material. An empirical mathematical model was proposed to highlight the effect of the number of glass fiber reinforcements on the tensile strength. The determined mathematical empirical model and graphical representations highlight how the number of glass fiber reinforcements affects the modulus of elasticity of the composite materials.
Self-adhesion X-ray Shielding Composite Material of EPDM Rubber with Barite: Mechanical Properties
Authors: Cherkasov Vasiliy , Yurkin Yuiy , Avdonin Valeriy , Suntsov Dmitriy
Published: April 2020

It is actual now to work out new radiation protecting sheeting on the basis of non-curing polymeric composition which possess self-adhesion properties, are easily mounted and dismantled and provide high tightness and low permeability. Mechanical properties of non-curing composites consisting of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), industrial oil (IO), alkyl phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF) with addition of barite (52 %) to the total material volume were investigated in this article. The aim of investigation is to find optimal content of the above mentioned components at which it would be possible to get the following properties: composite would be sticky enough (peel strength not less than 4 N/cm); character of a separation would be cohesive (on a material) and thus there would be no migration of softener and satisfactory resistance of fluidity. The results showed that PF addition till 20 % in the system EPDM/PF leads to the increasing of adhesive strength, in this case optimal oil concentration in the system EPDM/PF/IO is in the interval from 45 till 55 %. New self-adhesion lead-free material, exhibited higher X-ray-shielding properties, is also received in the result of investigation.
Composites of Styrene-Butadiene Block-Copolymer Reinforced with Waste Printed Circuit Boards (WPCB)
Authors: Ghioca Paul , Grigorescu Ramona Marina , Iancu Lorena , Ion Rodica-Mariana , David Madalina-Elena , Filipescu Mircea Ioan , Andrei Elena Ramona , Spurcaciu Bogdan , Nicolae Cristian-Andi , Gabor Raluca
Published: April 2020

In recent years, the rapid development of electronic equipment led to millions of tons of waste printed circuit boards (WPCB) generated in the entire world rising important concerns regarding its recycling. Besides the metals recovery, intensively studied, the reuse of the nonmetals is especially difficult. In this study, the non-metallic fraction from the waste of printed circuit boards is used as reinforcing filler of a styrene-butadiene block-copolymer. The composites were characterized by mechanical and dynamo-mechanical analysis and thermo-gravimetry. The study aimed the reintroduction into the economic circuit of WPCB as composites suitable for the production of shoe soles injected directly on the footwear faces and as bitumen modifiers for road coverings.
Polymer Dynamics Through Group Invariance of SL(2R) - Type in a Fractal Paradigm
Authors: Placinta Constantin , Petrescu Tudor Cristian , Ghizdovat Vlad , Irimiciuc Stefan Andrei , Vasincu Decebal , Agop Maricel , Paun Viorel-Puiu
Published: April 2020

We analyze polymer dynamics in a fractal paradigm. Then, it is shown that polymer dynamics in the form of Schrödinger - type regimes imply synchronization processes of the polymers� structural units, through joint invariant function of two simultaneous isomorphic groups of SL(2R) - type, as solutions of Stoka equations. In this context, period doubling, damped oscillations, self - modulation and chaotic regimes emerge as natural behaviors in the polymer dynamics. The present model can also be applied to a large class of materials, such as biomaterials, biocomposites and other advanced materials.
Analytical Method Development Using Central Composite Design for Estimation of Lamotrigine in Lipid Nanoformulation
Authors: Gangurde Puja K , Bhaskaran Navya Ajitkumar , Verma Ruchi , Jose JOBIN , Kumar Lalit
Published: April 2020

Objective of this study was to develop and validate HPLC-UV method for detection of LTG in lipid nanoformulations. HPLC-UV method was developed according to ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. Central composite design was used effectively to optimize and study the effect of buffer strength, flow rate, pH of buffer and mobile phase composition on responses such as tailing factor, peak area, retention time and number of theoretical plates. The 30 mM ammonium formate buffer and acetonitrile (in the ratio 65:35 %v/v) was used as mobile phase in the study. The mobile phase was delivered at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection of buffer was performed at 256 nm using UV detector. The drug entrapment of prepared formulation was also determined using developed HPLC method. Retention time of lamotrigine was found to be 3.844 min. The coefficient of determination (r2) value from linearity was found to be 0.9982. Percent relative standard deviation value of precision was found to be within the acceptable range. The estimated LOD and LOQ were found to be 9.07 ng/mL and 27.48 ng/mL, respectively. Drug entrapment of prepared lipid nanoformulation was found to be 73.44 � 6.65%. The results conclude that the developed analytical method is simple, precise, sensitive, fast and reproducible. Applications of developed method for determination of drug entrapment in prepared lipid nanoformulation confirmed that the developed analytical method is suitable for estimation of lamotrigine in lipid nanoformulations.
In Vitro Study Regarding the Biomechanical Behaviour of Bone, Fibre Reinforced Polymer and Wire Composite Perio-dontal Splints. Model Analysis
Authors: Vieriu Raluca Maria , Taculescu Oana , Mocanu florentina , Solomon Sorina Mihaela , Savin Carmen , Bosinceanu Dana Gabriela , Doloca Adrian , Iordache Cristina , Ifteni Gabriela , Saveanu Iulia
Published: April 2020

This paper is the second part of a study regarding the biomechanical behaviour of mandibular bone in the context of different periodontal splinting systems, occlusal forces and load distributions. Electric resistive tensometry method was used to measure the strains developed in mandibular bone replica. The tests were carried out on six mandibular acrylic models, each with 8 natural teeth. The experimental groups were defined corresponding to the bone condition and splint type: normal height bone; bone resorption without splint; bone resorption and wire-composite splint; bone resorption and polyethylene fiber-reinforced composite splint. Each sample was subjected to three similar loading cycles, the force being applied successively on four incisors, two central incisors and canines, and the specific deformation values were read for four loading forces: 30 N, 50 N, 100 N and 150 N. In case of bone loss, the bone deformations are up to 110%. Periodontal splinting redistribute forces, reducing incisors bone strains associated with a slight increase in canine bone strains.
Research on the Efficiency of Testing a New Adsorbent Material with Cellulose Structure for the Depollution of Waste Water
Authors: Ginghina Raluca Elena , Bojin Dionezie , Tiganescu Tudor Viorel , Petrea Nicoleta , Bungau Simona , Mosteanu Danut-Eugeniu
Published: April 2020

The global concern in wastewater recycling technologies has grown steadily since the early 1990s and is gaining more and more interest due to the increase in water supply needs. This growing need affects many global regions and leads to an increase in the strictness of environmental regulation, both in developing and developed countries. Many countries, cities and local governments are trying to recycle wastewater as a potential source of water for various uses, especially non-potable uses, such as land use, water for toilets and industrial processes. Analysts and statisticians around the world are trying to provide a perspective on an industry that is poised to see significant developments in the next decade. The researches summarize the experimental tests carried out using a new cellulosic adsorbent material to purify the wastewater resulted from the industrial processes for leather manufacturing. The study highlights the influence of the pH used for the wastewater depollution. The tracked and measured parameters include the pH, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, ammoniac nitrogen, organic compounds extractable in organic solvents and the solid residue adsorbed by the material. The obtained values were discussed in concordance with the national legislation for wastewater treatment and the levels accepted for releasing the used water in the surface waters.
СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ЦІННІСНИХ ОРІЄНТАЦІЙ ДІТЕЙ ДОШКІЛЬНОГО ТА МОЛОДШОГО ШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ В ІГРОВІЙ ТА НАВЧАЛЬНІЙ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В ОСВІТНІЙ СИСТЕМІ «РАДІСТЬ РОЗВИТКУ»
Authors: Pirozhenko Tamara , Khartman Olena
Published: April 2020

У доповіді висвітлено впровадження технології психолого-педагогічного проєктування взаємодії дорослого з дитиною «Радість розвитку» у рамках дослідно-експериментальної роботи всеукраїнського рівня «Психолого-педагогічні умови становлення ціннісних орієнтацій дітей в ігровій та навчальній діяльності освітньої системи «Радість розвитку». Описано концептуальні ідеї та завдання дослідження. Центральною і головною ідеєю у впровадженні освітньої системи «Радість розвитку» є твердження, що життєорганізація ігрової та навчальної діяльності дитини від 2 до 12 років у межах тематичного циклу дає змогу реалізувати психолого-педагогічні умови свободи й прийняття дитиною цінностей, які є механізмом активності, творчої діяльнісної самореалізації та самопрезентації. Виокремлено не тільки зовнішні (соціально-педагогічні), а й внутрішні (психологічні) фактори впливу на процес прийняття дитиною соціально значущих цінностей. Наведено поточні результати науково-дослідної роботи. Наголошено на високому ступені невизначеності, варіативності, змінюваності розвивальних умов і необхідності визначення балансу методичних прийомів, методів, форм роботи з дітьми дошкільного та молодшого шкільного віку.
ОСВІТА ДІТЕЙ З ОСОБЛИВИМИ ПОТРЕБАМИ – РЕФОРМУВАННЯ ТРИВАЄ
Authors: Kremen Vasyl
Published: April 2020

У доповіді охарактеризовано позитивні зрушення у галузі освіти дітей з особливими потребами, що відбуваються у контексті її реформування. Увага акцентується на принципово важливому аспекті такого реформування – поступі інклюзивного навчання. Наголошується на значущості та необхідності наукового супроводу цього процесу, важливості розроблення теоретично обґрунтованих інноваційних технологій та їх експериментальній апробації, необхідності відповідного навчально-методичного забезпечення. Наводяться конкретні показники і результати діяльності в цьому контексті вчених Національної академії педагогічних наук України. Йдеться, зокрема, про визначення концептуальних засад і розроблення на цій основі відповідного навчально-методичного забезпечення інклюзивних і спеціальних закладів освіти для всіх категорій осіб з особливими освітніми потребами, зокрема з інвалідністю. Це навчальні та корекційно-розвивальні програми, підручники і посібники, критерії оцінювання навчальних досягнень, особистісно орієнтовані технології роботи для педагогів і батьків таких дітей та ін. Зазначається, що вся продукція має гриф МОН України і стовідсотково впроваджена в практику. Водночас окреслено коло наявних у галузі проблем, що потребують нагального розв’язання, зокрема на основі компетентнісного підходу. Акцентується, що вчені НАПН України готові і надалі брати активну участь у вирішенні цих питань, при цьому важлива подальша тісна співпраця управлінців, науковців і практиків.
A new method for analyzing microplastic particle size distribution in marine environmental samples
Authors: Mukhanov Vladimir S. , Litvinyuk Daria A. , Sakhon Evgeniy G. , Bagaev Andrei V. , Veerasingam S. , Venkatachalapathy Ramadoss
Published: April 2020

Microplastics (MPs) are recognized as a global emerging threat to aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity worldwide. Though the number of publications and interest to the MP research have been increased rapidly, it is still hamper to compare the obtained data due to the usage of different methodologies in MP assay. Thus, there is an urgent need for a standardized approach to the procedures of MP quantification in order to produce comparative assessments. In this pilot study, the conventional NOAA protocol of MP extraction from seawater was combined with a simple and inexpensive method for analyzing shape and size spectrum of all MP particles making up the sample. A common flatbed scanner equipped with slide adapter was applied for image acquisition while MP dispersive properties (particle abundance, shape and size spectrum) were quantified using ImageJ software. Feret’s diameter and circularity (or roundness) appeared to be the most efficient shape descriptors for the particle analysis. The total silhouette area of MP particles was shown to produce a confident approximation of the MP overall mass. The first reliable estimates of MP concentrations in the Black Sea coastal waters (Sevastopol Bay) accounted for 0.6 to 7 items m-3 and 6 to750 µg m-3 in terms of abundance and mass, respectively. No steady-state gradients have been revealed in MP distribution along the transect from the mouth of the bay to its corner. Inflow of MP to the bay waters and their transport along the bay seemed to be controlled by a complex combination of factors including rainfalls, wind regimes, currents and the Black river discharge.
Phototrophic communities of Ahshtyrskaya Cave in the condition of artificial light
Authors: Popkova Anna , Mazina Svetlana , Lashenova Tat`yana
Published: April 2020

Investigation presents the multiyear assessment of biodiversity and development features of phototrophic communities from hypogean habitats. Caves exploitation as a tourist sites leads to anthropogenic transformation of subterranean ecosystems and formation of new communities named lampenflora. An example is given by the Ahshtyrskaya Cave (Sochi, Russia), which was equipped in 2000. The air temperature in the cave was 9-18 °C, humidity average 60-80%, the content of 222Rn 250-550 Bk/m3. Species identification was performed using standard approaches and cultivation methods. Cluster analysis was used to estimate similarity of communities in different cave zones. Biodiversity of phototrophs was revealed in entrance zone and zone of artificial light in 2017 - 2019. Species Microcystis pulverea, Scytonema drilosiphon, Chlorella vulgaris, Eucladium verticillatum predominated in communities of abovementioned zones. Considering the entrance zone communities as climax ones, comparison them with lampenflora can help to determine the speed and direction of succession. As a result of cluster analysis, it was established that species composition of lampenflora is most close to the entrance zone in case of maximum illuminated area. Thus, the succession of lampenflora depends on the intensity of illumination and tends to the species composition of the entrance zone communities.
Foreword
Authors: Krairiksh Monai
Published: April 2020

Special Section on Papers Selected from ISCIT 2004
Dispersion of Sequences for Generating a Robust Enciphering System
Authors: Nagase Tomoyuki , Koide Ryusuke , Araki Takashi , Hasegawa Yoshiei
Published: April 2020

This paper introduces a new paradigm for dispersion of information into three-dimensional space to generate a strenuous crypto system. The dispersion of the information is carried out by quaternion rotation matrix which is called quadripartite public-key (QPK). We considered a private key as a unit quaternion which has an arbitrary quadruple of real numbers. The public key has three different components which are constructed using quaternion rotation matrix QRM to generate a secure key, which significantly eliminates the risk of eavesdropping. Furthermore, quaternion has capability to provide a meditative encryption system for wireless images or voice transmissions. A computer-based simulation conducted to scrutinize the capability of QPK carefully in insuring the highest level of security is reported.
Final Consonant Segmentation for Thai syllable by Using Vowel Characteristics and Wavelet Packet Transform
Authors: Chamnongthai Kosin , Pichitwong Wudthipong , Navaratana Na Ayudhya Piyasawat
Published: April 2020

Since Thai final consonant is unique comparing with other languages and plays key role in recognizing the Thai syllables, segmentation of the final consonant phoneme from the vowel is needed and capable of decreasing the amount of recognition patterns and also improving the recognition accuracy. This paper presents a technique to separate the final consonant phoneme from Thai syllable by exploiting the vowel characteristics and Wavelet packet transform. In this method, ending of the vowel phoneme (starting of the final consonant) is considered by vowel characteristic, which has the highest energy in the syllable. The frequency range having this qualification is selected as vowels. It is then employed to determine the filter for vowel signal. The Wavelet packet transform that is appropriate for discriminating vowel (high frequency and long period) from final consonant phoneme (low frequency and short period) is used as the filter. And the ending of vowels frequency signal component is considered to be the segmentation point of the final consonant. The experiments have been performed by 4,350 samples of syllable recorded from 15 males and 15 females. The experimental results gained the 92.89 % accuracy.
A Design Method for Smith Predictors for Minimum-Phase Time-Delay Plants
Authors: Yamada Kou , Matsushima Nobuaki
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we examine a design method for a modified Smith predictor for minimum-phase timedelay plants. The modified Smith predictor is well known as an effective time-delay compensator for a plant with large time delays, and several papers on the modified Smith predictor have been published. However, the parameterization of all stabilizing modified Smith predictors has not been obtained. If this can be obtained, we can express existing proposals for modified Smith predictors in a uniform manner, and the modified Smith predictor can be designed systematically. The purpose of this paper is to propose the parameterization of all stabilizing modified Smith predictors for minimum-phase time-delay plants. The control characteristics of the control system using the parameterization of all stabilizing modified Smith predictors are also given. Finally, numerical examples for stable plants and unstable plants are illustrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed parameterization of all stabilizing modified Smith predictors.
Bytecode-Based Analysis for Increasing Class-Component Testability
Authors: Kansomkeat Supaporn , Offutt Jeff , Rivepiboon Wanchai
Published: April 2020

Software testing attempts to reveal software faults by executing the program on input values and comparing the outputs from the execution with expected outputs. Testing software is easier when testability is high, so increasing testability allows faults to bedetected more efficiently. Component-based software is often constructed from third party software components. When this is done, the reused components must be retested in the new environment to ensure that they integrate correctly into the new context. However, the “black box” nature of reused components, although offering great benefits otherwise, implicitly reduces their testability. Therefore, it helps to increase a component’s testability before it is reused. To increase a component’s testability, we need information that can be gained through program analysis. A crucial property of reused software components is that the source is not available, making program analysis significantly more difficult. This research addresses this problem by performing program analysis at the bytecode level. This bytecode analysis technique increases component testability without requiring access to the source. A component’s bytecode is analyzed to gather control and data flow information, which is then used to obtain definition and use information of method and class variables. Then, the definition and use information is used to increase component testability during component integration testing. We have implemented the technique and present empirical results for some components, demonstrating that the method is feasible and practical.
If You Care to Find What You Are Looking For, Make an Index: the Case of Lexical Access
Authors: Zock Michael
Published: April 2020

Obviously, words play a major role in language production, hence finding them is of vital importance, be it for writing or for speaking (spontaneous discourse production, simultaneous translation). Words are stored in a dictionary, and the general belief holds, the more entries the better. Yet, to be truly useful the resource should contain not only many entries and a lot of information concerning each one of them, but also adequate navigational means to reveal the stored in-formation. Information access depends crucially on the organization of the data (words) and the access keys (meaning/form), two factors largely overlooked. We will present here some ideas of how an existing elec-tronic dictionary could be enhanced to support a speaker/writer to find the word s/he is looking for. To this end we suggest to add to an existing electronic dictionary an index based on the notion of association, i.e. words co-occuring in a well balanced corpus, the latter being supposed to represent the average citizen’s knowledge of the world. Before describing our ap-proach, we will briefly take a critical look at the work being done by colleagues working on automatic, spon-taneous or deliberate language production, -that is, computer-generated language, simulation of the men-tal lexicon, or WordNet (WN),- to see how (in)adequate they are with regard to our goal
Some Issues in Intelligent Processing of Linguistic Information
Authors: Fujisaki Hiroya
Published: April 2020

In order to achieve a higher and more intelligent level of processing linguistic information than is currently accomplished by conventional technologies, it is believed necessary to obtain deeper understanding of some of the fundamental aspects of language, as well as of the way humans deal with these aspects. The present paper first takes up ambiguity, vagueness, and variability, and presents some definitions and formulations, mainly on the basis of the author’s own studies. It then discusses human processes of language comprehension and language acquisition, and proposes to model these processes to be incorporated into machine processing. Finally, new frontiers of research are briefly mentioned.
Acoustic Cues, Landmarks, and Distinctive Features: a Model of Human Speech Processing
Authors: Slifka Janet
Published: April 2020

Four aspects of human speech processing are discussed along with their impact on the fundamental structure of a model of the human lexical access process (Stevens, 2002): (1) the lexical representation, (2) sensitivity observed in auditory processing, (3) multiple and graded activations of lexical candidates, and (4) contextual variation. The model assumes that the lexicon is represented in terms of basic units of sound contrast (distinctive features), and that non-homogeneous acoustic cues present in both coarse changes and finer details are used to estimate probabilities for the presence of underlying features. Acquired distributions of cue variation and associated dependencies are used to re-evaluate feature probabilities as context is extracted throughout the process. Existing feature modules, in general, correctly estimate features with a probability greater than 0.5 for 75-95% of their occurrences in read speech.
Automatic Identification of Close Languages - Case study: Malay and Indonesian
Authors: Ranaivo-Malancon Bali
Published: April 2020

Identifying the language of an unknown text is not a new problem but what is new is the task of identifying close languages. Malay and Indonesian as many other languages are very similar, and therefore it is a real difficulty to search, retrieve, classify, and above all translate texts written in one of the two languages. We have built a language identifier todetermine whether the text is written in Malay or Indonesian which could be used in any similar situation. It uses the frequency and rank of trigrams of characters, the lists of exclusive words, and the format of numbers. The trigrams are derived from the most frequent words in each language. The current program contains as language models: Malay/Indonesian (661 trigrams), Dutch (826 trigrams), English (652 trigrams), French (579 trigrams), and German (482 trigrams). The trigrams of an unknown text are searched in each language model. The language of the input text is the language having the highest ratio in “number of shared trigrams / total number of trigrams” and “number of winner trigrams / number of shared trigrams”. If the language found at trigram search level is ’Malay or Indonesian’, the text is then scanned by searching the format of numbers and ofsome exclusive words.
Modeling Human-Like Robustness in an Intelligent Tutoring System
Authors: Kazi Hameedullah , Haddawy Peter , Suebnukarn Siriwan
Published: April 2020

Intelligent tutoring systems are no different from other knowledge based systems in that they are often plagued by brittleness. Intelligent tutoring systems for problem solving are typically loaded with problem scenarios for which specific solutions are constructed. Solutions presented by students, are compared against these specific solutions, which often leads to a narrow scope of reasoning, where students are confined to reason towards a specific solution. Student solutions that are different from the specific solution entertained by the system are rejected as being incorrect, even though they may be acceptable or close to acceptable. This leads to brittleness in tutoring systems in evaluating student solutions and returning appropriate feedback. In this paper we discuss a few human-like attributes in the context of robustness that are desirable in knowledge based systems. We then present a model of reasoning through which a tutoring system for medical problem-based learning, can begin to exhibit human-like robust behavior in evaluating solutions in a broader context using UMLS, and respond with hints that are mindful of the partial correctness of the student solution.
Test Case Classification using Category-Partition Finite State Machine
Authors: Suphapala Penpicha , Leelanuntakul Umaporn , Ngamsaowaroj Nuchakorn , Sophatsathit Peraphon
Published: April 2020

Testing is an essential activity in software development process. Testers and developers alike are facing a formidable expectation of delivery bug-free software. Certifying bug-free with exhaustive test is commonly known to be impossible. Numerous efforts have been attempted to arrive at a plausible test scenario wherein thorough coverage can be attained. Conventional approaches usually require large amount of test data (or input domain) to generate necessary test cases at premium expenses which, in many cases, end up to be a recalcitrant test process. This paper proposes a straightforward, yet practical algorithmic method to reduce all relevant test cases. The central idea rests upon identifying the relationships among category partition of input specifications and program constraints that are subsequently employed to construct a finite state machine. As such, all paths connecting the start and end states represent the required test cases. Reduction on the number of generated test frames based on the proposed method in comparison with conventional approaches proves to be quite significant.
Digit Set Conversion from Redundant Number System into Complement Representation
Authors: Charoensiri Veerasit , Surarerks Athasit
Published: April 2020

Redundant number system was proposed in order to solve the carry-propagation problem. Although it provides a carry-free parallel addition, this representation requires a lot of space to store itself. Many conversions from the redundant number system into another number representation have been introduced to decrease the storage usage. This paper proposes a generic algorithm in order to convert the redundant number representation into the complement number representation. The proposed algorithm can perform the conversion of a number in any integer radix and eliminates the carry chain of the traditional method. The proofs of the proposed algorithm in term of correctness are also included in this paper.
An Improvement of Iris Pattern Identification Using Radon Transform
Authors: Ariyapreechakul Pattraporn , Covavisaruch Nongluk
Published: April 2020

This research proposes an improvement of iris personal identification system using Radon transform which is used to extract feature stored as templates in a database. In our research, the system has been tested to find the best system performance with 3 distance functions: regional correlation, Euclidean distance and absolute distance. The test images are from CASIA iris database. Our experimental results reveal that the improved approach greatly increases the system performance for all distance functions. Among the 3 distance functions, the absolute distance gives the best results which reduce EER from 18% (previous approach) to 3.695%.