bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maladies bactériennes invasives dans le Nord du Canada, 1999 à 2018
Authors: Huang Grace , Martin Irene , Tsang Raymond S , Demczuk Walter H , Tyrrell Gregory J , Li Y Anita , Dickson Catherine , Reyes-Domingo Francesca , Squires Susan G
Published: November 2021

Contexte : Le programme de surveillance circumpolaire internationale assure la surveillance de cinq maladies bactériennes invasives : les pneumococcies invasives, les infections invasives à streptocoque du groupe A, l’Haemophilus influenzae, les infections invasives à méningocoque et les streptocoques du groupe B. Les maladies bactériennes invasives ont une charge de morbidité plus élevée dans les populations nordiques que dans le reste du Canada. Méthodologies : Afin de décrire l’épidémiologie des maladies bactériennes invasives dans le nord du Canada de 1999 à 2018, les données relatives aux pneumococcies invasives, aux infections invasives à streptocoque du groupe A, à l’Haemophilus influenzae, aux infections invasives à méningocoque et aux streptocoques du groupe B ont été extraites du programme de surveillance circumpolaire internationale et du Système canadien de surveillance des maladies à déclaration obligatoire (SSMDO) et analysées. Résultats : Les taux d’incidence annualisés des pneumococcies invasives, des infections invasives à streptocoque du groupe A, de l’Haemophilus influenzae, des streptocoques du groupe B et des infections invasives à méningocoque étaient respectivement de 23,3, 10,5, 8,9, 1,9 et 1,1 pour 100 000 habitants. L’incidence de la pneumococcie invasive, de l’infection invasive à streptocoque du groupe A et de l’Haemophilus influenzae de type b (Hib) était respectivement 2,8, 3,2 et 8,8 fois plus élevée dans le Nord du Canada que dans le reste du pays. Les taux de maladie ont diminué de manière statistiquement significative pour la pneumococcie invasive (β = -0,02) et ont augmenté de manière statistique pour l’infection invasive à streptocoque du groupe A (β = 0,08) et l’Haemophilus influenzae sérotype a (β = 0,04) pendant la période d’étude. Dans le Nord du Canada, les taux d’incidence annualisés des pneumococcies invasives, des infections invasives à streptocoque du groupe A et de l’Haemophilus influenzae étaient statistiquement plus élevés chez les résidents autochtones que chez les résidents non autochtones. Les taux d’incidence les plus élevés ont été enregistrés dans les groupes d’âge très jeunes et plus âgés. Conclusion : Les maladies bactériennes invasives représentent une charge de morbidité importante pour les populations nordiques du Canada. Les peuples autochtones, les enfants et les personnes âgées sont particulièrement exposés.
The Representations of Chinese Characters: Evidence from Sublexical Components
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Wisniewski David , Vermeylen Luc , Palenciano Ana F. , Liu Wenjie , Brysbaert Marc
Published: November 2021

Little research has been done about the neural substrate of the sublexical level of Chinese word recognition. In particular, it is unclear how radicals participate in Chinese word processing. We compared two measures of radical combinability, position-general radical combinability (GRC) and position-specific radical combinability (SRC) depending on whether the position of the radical is taken into account. We selected characters with embedded target radicals that had different GRC and SRC measures. These measures were used as predictors in a parametric modulation analysis and a multivariate representational similarity analysis. Human participants with native Mandarin speakers (17 males and 24 females) were asked to read words in search of animal words. Results showed that SRC is a better predictor than GRC in decoding the neural patterns. Whole-brain analysis indicated that SRC is encoded bilaterally in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG, pars opercularis, and pars triangularis), the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and a region on the border of the superior parietal lobule and the inferior parietal lobule (SPL/IPL). Region-of-interest-based RSA confirmed the results of the whole-brain analysis. Furthermore, we observed a correlation of another sublexical variable, logographeme composition, with bilateral activity in SPL. Logographemes refer to the basic stroke combinations that form radicals and characters. Finally, we observed involvement of bilateral cerebellum activity in Chinese word recognition. Our findings confirm the importance of sublexical components (SRC and logographeme composition) in Chinese word recognition and also confirm that Chinese word recognition involves more bilateral processing than word recognition in alphabetical languages.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTChinese is a logographic language. However, characters contain informative subword components (radicals, logographemes, and strokes). We investigated whether the position of the radical is important. We presented carefully selected words and looked where brain activity correlated with subword information. Results indicate that position-dependent radicals predict brain encoding in a network of regions associated with Chinese word recognition, including higher order regions such as bilateral IFG, MFG, and SPL/IPL. Logographeme composition had an effect as well. Our findings provide strong evidence (1) for the importance of position-specific radical information and logographemes in Chinese word recognition, (2) that current brain imaging techniques are best suited to study these, and (3) that confirms the interactive nature of Chinese character recognition.
Mens sana in corpore sano
Authors:   National Academy of Fine Arts and Architecture, Gamaliia K.M.
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the concept put forward by the professor of Kharkov University I.P. Skvortsov, according to which the health of the people, the preservation of which depends on the observance of hygiene standards, is the most important criterion of civilization. It is shown that the beginnings of the future hygienic science existed already in the days of Ancient Greece.
Malaria as a biological weapon of nazi Germany during the Second world war
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, Khilmonchik N.E. , Mosin O.V. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Zhigimont A.V. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Verkhovodko A.I. ,   Grodno State Medical University
Published: November 2021

he article is devoted to the history of the use of specific biological weapons by Nazi Germany during the Second World War in the research in order to study the “most effective” methods of preventing and combating infections transmitted by insects. Nazi scientists planned to use biological warfare against enemies of Germany under cover of the entomological institute of the concentration camp and tried to use malaria mosquitoes as an attack biological weapon. The study performed by the Germans to test how long mosquitoes could survive on airplanes showed that the transmitter of malaria Anopheles maculipennis survived much longer than other species when they were not fed. Despite rather well developed plan to create an artificial biological dominance of Anopheles labranchiae in the territory of Padan swamps the effective medicines available to the Anglo-American troops, and, of course, the high effectiveness of the assault operation did not enable to demonstrate the power of biological weapons, which were intended not to be left from the troops and empty space.
Lviv Medical Faculty 1661-1773
Authors:   Lviv National Medical University named by Danylo Halytsky, Hrynovets V.S. , Telishevska U.D. ,   Lviv National Medical University named by Danylo Halytsky
Published: November 2021

The article contains history of medicine in Lviv University from 1661 till 1773 and Jesuits role in future medicine development in Lviv. Presented data in the scientific article helps to understand the state of higher medical education of that time as the prehistory of the development of modern medical education in Lviv and the foundation of the up-to-date world-wide known Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University.
The History of Moslem Intellectuals: A Case Study at UIn Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
Authors: Siregar Parlindungan
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to explain that the intellectual community who studied at and was born from the state Institute of Islamic Studies Syarif Hidayatullah (IAIN Jakarta) in the 1970s to 1985 were the second-generation intellectuals who had their own characteristics. As the study was library research, the data collection was done by examining deeply the written documents or literatures that were relevant with the problems being investigated. The obtained data were then qualitatively analyzed by comparing and connecting the existing variables; and inferences were drawn from the findings to get an ideal concept of building a good national and state life based on the Islamic substantial values. The results of the study showed that second generation intellectuals became international intellectuals as Islamic historians in Southeast Asia, theologians, political or socio-economic analysts, and activists of Islamic movements. The study also pointed out that it was not only the first generation that made the second generation successful in their career and studies, but many factors on and off campus contributed significantly, and affect the next generations continuously from time to time. Evidently, in their development, discussion activities of intra-or extra campus organizations, talked not only about Islam but also political issues, such as the old order government policies. The study concluded that the second generation of IAIN Jakarta Intellectual community played many roles in Islamic studies in national and international level. It suggested that studies on the same topis with different points of views are still necessary to conduct.
Methods of Developing Recommendations for Improving the Security of Information Systems
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Golovacheva Natalia
Published: November 2021

With the advent of information technologies, information systems have been widely used in organizations and enterprises. The use of information systems allows optimizing the workforce, automating all or part of business processes. However, the use of information systems requires the development of an information security system to minimize malicious attacks. To reduce the likelihood of malicious attacks, there are a large number of software and hardware-based information security tools. The complexity of computing the distribution of the components of information systems complicates the process of creating and configuring protection systems, the number of threats to security are increasing every year. For a timely response to information security incidents, including attacks, it is necessary to use information system security assessment tools to reduce the risks of security breaches. InfoWath statistics show the growth trend of various types of attacks, both from an external attacker and from an internal one. Therefore, one of the most important tasks is to correctly determine the security of information systems. The paper implements a mathematical model for assessing the security of an information system based on the selected methods. The architecture of the software package for assessing the security of the information system is formed.
Bulling and Cyberbullying: Problem of the Modern Teenager
Authors: Anufrieva Elena V. , Naboychenko Evgenya S. , Kovtun Olga P.
Published: November 2021

Background. Russia is one of the top ten European countries with high level of bullying and ranks second in cyberbullying among adolescents. Involvement in bullying and virtual aggression has immediate and long-term consequences for all parties to the conflict, including witnesses. Immediate consequences can be manifested as violation in adaptation and socialization of children and adolescents; long-term consequences can be mental disorders in emotionally labile schoolchildren. School bullying is always distinguished by its cruelty and intransigence.

Objective. The aim of the study is to estimate the prevalence of bullying and cyberbullying among boys and girls aged 11, 13 and 15 years studying in educational organizations in Yekaterinburg and to create the complex of preventive guidelines.

Methods. Sociological cross-sectional study was carried out using the questionnaire with questions from the international questionnaire Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC). Analysis of the results was carried out for different age and gender groups, the results of comparative analysis with the data of the international HBSC study are also presented.

Results. The main characteristics of bullying are presented: prevalence, age and social features. High involvement of adolescents in bullying (11.7%) and cyberbullying (18.2%) was revealed. The ratio of adolescents who have repeatedly been the victims of physical, psychological and virtual aggression was significantly higher (21.7 and 31.8%, respectively). Boys are more likely to be aggressors and victims of abusive behaviour (physical and psychological aggression) than girls. Moreover, number of schoolchildren who became victims of bullying decreases with age, this indicator is more significant among boys, while the number of cyberbullying victims increases among older adolescents.

Conclusion. The high prevalence of bullying in adolescents has negative impact on both, victims and aggressors. Bullying affects the physical and mental health of children and adolescents, leads to psychological and social maladaptation, as well as the development of sustainable models of problematic and most often aggressive behavior. Educational organizations have to become the basis for implementation of future programs on bullying and cyberbullying prevention. They should not only provide safe environment but also help children to establish open and friendly relationship with peers and adults and to clearly understand their actions and their consequences.
Periodontal diseases and other dental disorders in dogs : An epidemiologic study
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Xaxa Lovelin Shweta
Published: November 2021

The study determined the epidemiology of periodontal diseases among dogs. This study was conducted on 181 dogs older than 6 months to examine their oral cavities and gather information about their feeding habits. Periodontal diseases were reported in 59.67% of dogs. It was highest for Spitz (75.61%), followed by German shepherd (64.49%), Mongrel (61.53%), Labrador (51.02%) and other Non-descriptive breeds (33.9%). Compared to dogs fed only vegetarian diets, those fed non-vegetarian diets had few health problems. There was the highest incidence of dental problems among vegetarians (69.28%), followed by those given a combination of vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets (51.32%). Periodontitis was common in these dogs, regardless of its cause, and its incidence increased with age. Lesions were more severe in the premolar and molar regions than in the maxillary and mandibular incisor regions. The incidence of missing teeth increased with age. First premolars were the most commonly lost teeth, followed by other premolars and molars, where severe periodontitis was commonly found. The incidence and severity of calculus on teeth increased with age. Due to these findings, it is especially important to keep dogs’ dental hygiene in good condition and conduct continuous periodic examinations.
Response of micro-nutrients on yield and economics of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) under limited irrigation
Authors: Verma Adarsh , Awasthi U. D. , Verma Amar Kant , Sachan Kushal , Singh Avadh Narain
Published: November 2021

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2019-20 at Oil Seed Research Farm of C S Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. The experiment consisted 9 treatments viz., T1: Control, T2: Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1, T3: Foliar application of ZnSO4 @0.5% at 45 DAS, T4: Soil Application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 + Foliar application of ZnSO4 @0.5% at 45 DAS, T5: Soil application Borax @ 1.5 kg ha-1, T6: Foliar application of Borax @ 0.3 % at 45 DAS, T7: Soil application of Borax @ 1.5 kg ha-1 Foliar application of Borax @ 0.3 % at 45 DAS, T8: Foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% + Borax @ 0.3% at 45 DAS and T9: Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 + Borax @ 1.5 kg ha-1 in soil assigned in Randomized Block Design with three replication. The Linseed cv Shekhar was used in the experiment. The results in significantly maximum seed yield, oil content, oil yield and stover yield, Root development, minimum water use and ultimately higher seed yield and WUE as compared to other corresponding tested treatments indicated that application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 + Borax @ 1.5 kg ha-1 incorporated in the soil have fetched highest net return of Rs 52050 having B:C ratio of 3.51 would be quite remunerative for higher productivity along with water use efficiency in light textured alluvial soils of Uttar Pradesh.
Studies on germination and seedling development of winter maize (Zea mays L.) as influenced by various seed priming methods
Authors: Bholane J. P. , Rajput Kavita D. , Tomar G. S.
Published: November 2021

A field experiment was conducted for boosting the productivity of kharif sweet corn (Zea mays Saccharata) at Agronomy Farm,RCSM College of Agriculture, Kolhapur (M.S.), India during kharif, 2020 in black Vertisolsoil using split plot design with four replications and two factors, where main plot factors consist of time of application viz T1:15 days after sowing (DAS), T2: 30 DAS and T3: 45 DAS and sub plot factors consist of levels of nano nitrogen (N) fertilizers vizN1: 1.00 L ha-1, N2: 1.25 L ha-1 and N3:1.50 L ha-1. The results showed that at harvest, maximum plant height (183.41 cm), number of leaves (8.86 plant-1), leaf area (58.40 dm2plant-1), dry matter accumulation (117.18 gplant-1), length of cob (18.55 cm), diameter of cob (16.83 cm), weight of cob per plant (208.65 g), number of grains (371.25 cob-1), green cob yield (125.96 q ha-1), green fodder yield (344.39 q ha-1), total uptake plant in total ((264, 98 and 230 kg ha-1),yield of protein by grain (92.89 g kg-1) and stover (50.96 g kg-1) were obtained from treatment N3 (1.5 L ha-1) which was on par with treatment N2 (1.25 L ha-1) and significantly superior over N1 (1 L ha-1). While main plot showed that at harvest plant height (191.90 cm), number of leaves(10.09plant-1), leaf area (62.63 dm2plant-1), dry matter accumulation (123.51 gplant-1), length of cob (20.56 cm), diameter of cob (19.71 cm), weight of cob (222.29 g plant-1), number of grains (402.07 cob-1), green cob yield (138.32q ha-1),stover yield (359.75q ha-1), total uptake(287, 113 and 262 kg ha-1), yield of protein by grain (97.36 g kg-1) and stover (51.77 g kg-1)were significantly maximum when foliar spray of NN was done at 15 (DAS). The foliar application at 15 DAS had taken minimum number of days to reach 50 per cent of tasselling (51.62 days) and silking (55.97 days).
Suffering and defense mechanisms: an analysis of the work of Primary Health Care nurses
Authors: Rocha Grizielle Sandrine de Araujo , Silva Darine Marie Rodrigues da , Andrade Maria Sandra , Andrade Bárbara Bruna Fernandes de , Medeiros Sílvia Elizabeth Gomes de , Aquino Jael Maria de
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the suffering and coping strategies of nurses working in Primary Health Care considering the psychodynamics of their work. Methods: Descriptive study with a qualitative approach, carried out with 11 nurses working in Primary Health Care. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, systematized, and interpreted using Bardin’s content analysis method applied to recurrent themes. Results: The suffering factors related to work in Primary Health Care are difficulties with management, the fragile structure of the health support network, and conflicts with the users. Defensive strategies to minimize these difficulties are the support of hierarchical superiors, the empowerment of the community and users, and communication between team members. Final considerations: It is important that there be changes in the organization of this line of work to improve the workers’ health.
Reasons assigned to suicide attempts: adolescents’ perceptions
Authors: Simões Émilen Vieira , Oliveira Adriane Maria Netto de , Pinho Leandro Barbosa de , Lourenção Luciano Garcia , Oliveira Stella Minasi de , Farias Francisca Lucélia Ribeiro de
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: identify the reasons for attempting suicide from the perspective of adolescents. Methods: qualitative study conducted with ten adolescents who attempted suicide and were attending a Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil located in a city in the south of Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were held in July 2020 using WhatsApp. Data were analyzed according to Minayo’s Content Thematic Analysis. Results: the adolescents’ reports listed the reasons that triggered suicide attempts, such as changes in the adolescents’ life cycle and violence, which led them to attempt suicide to solve problems. Final considerations: Data analysis revealed the reasons that triggered suicide attempts from the adolescents’ perspective and difficulties to cope with problems, probably explained by their lack of experience in dealing with frustrations and disappointments.
Clínica da identidade: da cosmovisão pataxó à luta por emancipação
Authors: Jörg Simone
Published: November 2021

Resumo Constitui-se o foco deste artigo apresentar o processo de construção identitária com sentido emancipatório a partir da cosmovisão e luta por território do povo indígena Pataxó, única etnia que conseguiu resistir no extremo-sul da Bahia. A pesquisa demonstrou que a luta por reconhecimento, tanto no plano jurídico-moral quanto no da estima-social, constitui os processos emancipatórios que caracterizam as identidades políticas da etnia indígena Pataxó.
THE USE OF ANTIFIBRINOLYTICS IN HIP TRAUMA SURGERY IN A PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: OLIVEIRA JOSÉ ALBERTO ALVES , BRITO GABRIELLA CRISTINA COELHO DE , BEZERRA FRANCISCA MAGNA PRADO , CARVALHO NETO CARLOS ALFREDO DE , ALENCAR NETO JONATAS BRITO DE , IBIAPINA ROBERTO CÉSAR PONTES
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) and ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA) in reducing blood loss in hip and proximal femur trauma surgery. Methods: Prospective study with 49 patients surgically treated in a trauma hospital between Nov/2015 and Feb/2017. The patients were divided in two groups: TXA (n = 24) and EACA (n = 25). The comparison was made according to gender, age at the time of surgery, ASA, fracture and surgery type, estimated blood loss during surgical approach, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels pre and post-operative, and pharmacological cost. The data was processed using SPSS 22.0 with significance level of p < 0,05. Results: No significant difference was found in the variables age, gender, ASA and estimated blood loss during surgical approach. No patient needed blood transfusion. When evaluated post-operatively, the hemoglobin and hematocrit values decrease had no significant difference between the antifibrinolytics (p > 0.05). When analyzing total cost for both pharmacological agents, higher cost was observed in EACA than in TXA (US$ 16.09 - US$ 2.73), resulting in a US$ 13.36 addition per patient. Conclusion: Antifibrinolytic use was efficient on lowering the total blood loss, without the need of blood transfusion. Level of evidence II, Prospective Comparative Study.
Necropolítica no campo do HIV: algumas reflexões a partir do estigma da Aids
Authors: Cazeiro Felipe , Silva Geórgia Sibele Nogueira da , Souza Emilly Mel Fernandes de
Published: November 2021

Resumo O artigo intenta levantar reflexões sobre a necropolítica direcionada ao HIV/Aids no Brasil a partir de um conjunto de racionalidades que perpassam os processos de configuração da agenda governamental, tratamento da doença e as políticas e tecnologias envolvidas. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão teórica não-sistemática a partir de um tríplice aspecto: o do estigma da aids, o da necropolítica e o da política da vida. Concluiu-se que a política da vida como contraposição à necropolítica contribui para a defesa dos direitos humanos e da saúde, sobretudo para a desmistificação do estigma e da política de inimizade historicizada na Aids.
Percepção do peso corporal acima do ideal, perfil antropométrico e estilo de vida em adolescentes de Recife, PE, Brasil
Authors: Carvalho Maria José Laurentina do Nascimento , Cabral Poliana Coelho , Oliveira Juliana Souza , Lira Pedro Israel Cabral de , Andrade Maria Izabel Siqueira de , Leal Vanessa Sá , Sequeira-de-Andrade Leopoldina Augusta Souza , Tavares Fernanda Cristina de Lima Pinto
Published: November 2021

Resumo O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a percepção do peso corporal acima do ideal em adolescentes de Recife/PE e sua associação com o perfil antropométrico e estilo de vida. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 2.480 escolares participantes do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (Erica). O modelo conceitual também considerou variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas. A percepção do peso foi analisada por meio da pergunta “Na sua opinião o seu peso atual é?”, sendo as respostas: “abaixo do ideal”, “ideal” e “acima do ideal”. As associações foram identificadas por meio da regressão de Poisson. A média da idade foi de 14,7 anos (DP = 1,6), 53,7% eram do sexo feminino e 70,7% eram eutróficos, de acordo com o índice de massa corporal/idade (IMC/I). A percepção do peso foi respondida por 48,8% dos adolescentes. Desses, 36,8% e 63,2% se percebiam com baixo peso e peso acima do ideal, respectivamente. Após os ajustes, as variáveis associadas à percepção do peso acima do ideal foram: sexo feminino, idade entre 12 e 14 anos, escolaridade materna maior que oito anos, IMC/I de eutrofia e de excesso de peso, estágio pós-púbere e realização de café da manhã e refeição com os pais ocasionalmente. Portanto, variáveis demográficas, antropométricas e do estilo de vida se associaram à maior chance de percepção do peso corporal acima do ideal.
Prevalence of recognition and reporting of child physical abuse by dental surgeons and associated factors
Authors: Nunes Laís Soares , Silva-Oliveira Fernando , Mattos Flávio Freitas , Maia Fernanda Bartolomeo Freire , Ferreira Efigenia Ferreira e , Zarzar Patrícia Maria Pereira de Araújo
Published: November 2021

Abstract Studies evaluating the factors associated with under reporting and with the recognition and reporting of child physical abuse are scarce and highly necessary. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of recognition and reporting of child physical abuse (CPA) by Brazilian dentistsin primary care and associated factors. A cross-sectional study was carried out with a representative sample of dentistsfrom the Family Health Strategy in Belo Horizonte. A self-administered questionnaire validated to Brazilian Portuguesewas used for data collection. Statistical analysis included univariate and multiple analyses through Poisson regression. A total of 181dentists participated in the study. Among them, 73 (40.3%) had already recognized some cases of CPA, but only 11 (6.1%) ended up reporting. Dentists with six to 19 years of experience as a municipal worker presented 2.38 times [PR = 2.38 (95%CI: 1.29-4.41)] more probability to recognize cases of CPA than the ones with less than six years. Having a graduate degree with a major in childcare [PR = 4.50 (95%CI: 1.08-18.68)] was associated with a larger number of reports. The employment duration as municipal worker was positively associated with the recognition of CPA cases and the prevalence of reporting was low.
Desigualdades socioeconómicas en la mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares: Región Pacifico de Colombia, 2002-2015
Authors: Pérez-Flórez Mauricio , Achcar Jorge Alberto
Published: November 2021

Resumen Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) son la principal causa de muerte en el mundo y en Colombia siendo consideradas un serio problema de salud pública. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar espacial y temporalmente la mortalidad por ECV en la región Pacifico de Colombia durante el periodo 2002-2015 y su asociación con algunos indicadores socioeconómicos municipales usando técnicas estadísticas de análisis espacial. Fue un estudio descriptivo-ecológico en los 177 municipios de la región Pacifico que usó datos de mortalidad por ECV, bajo los códigos I00-I99 de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE-10), y siete indicadores socioeconómicos municipales. El análisis incluyó cálculo de tasas de mortalidad crudas y estandarizadas, según sexo, para las ECV y sus principales causas, y la modelación del conteo de defunciones usando modelos jerárquicos Bayesianos. Durante el periodo 2002-2015 las tasas estandarizadas de mortalidad por ECV mostraron una tendencia descendente en hombres (129,0 a 119,3) y en mujeres (129,0 a 110,0) siendo las principales causas de muerte las enfermedades isquémicas del corazón, seguidas de las cerebrovasculares. En general, el riesgo de mortalidad por ECV fue mayor en los municipios menos favorecidos económica y socialmente.
Mudanças climáticas, mudanças produtivas e saúde: complexas interações na literatura nacional
Authors: Santos Luciana , Oliveira Jessica Eloísa , Maduro-Abreu Alexandre , Litre Gabriela , Sátiro Guadalupe Souza , Soares Danny de Castro
Published: November 2021

Resumo Este artigo caracteriza a produção científica divulgada em periódicos nacionais sobre as interações que se estabelecem entre os conceitos de mudanças climáticas, mudanças produtivas (incluídas as mudanças no uso do solo) e saúde humana, nos últimos dez anos (de 2008 a 2017), com destaque para as tendências teórico-metodológicas dessa produção. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura a partir de publicações disponibilizadas nas bases Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Portal de Periódicos CAPES. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram os avanços experimentados nos últimos dez anos pelas equipes interdisciplinares que se debruçaram sobre o tema ao longo do período analisado, bem como permitem identificar lacunas de pesquisa que podem ser exploradas em investigações futuras. Adicionalmente, foi identificada uma positiva sofisticação e refinamento das ferramentas e instrumentos analíticos que se mostram capazes de reunir informações consistentes sobre uma realidade ampla e complexa, caracterizada pela diversidade dos biomas, cenários climáticos e sistemas produtivos.
Análise crítica dos indicadores do estado nutricional de iodo em indivíduos e populações: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Candido Aline Carare , Azevedo Francilene Maria , Macedo Mariana de Souza , Priore Silvia Eloiza , Franceschini Sylvia do Carmo Castro
Published: November 2021

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar as potencialidades dos indicadores do estado nutricional de iodo em indivíduos ou populações. A revisão foi baseada no PRISMA. A busca pelos artigos ocorreu em janeiro de 2019, nas bases Pubmed, Scopus e LILACS, utilizando a combinação “indicadores AND estado nutricional AND iodo”. A seleção seguiu as etapas de exclusão dos duplicados, leitura de títulos e resumos e análise na íntegra. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi avaliada pelo instrumento de Downs e Black. Foram identificados 178 estudos e 20 foram incluídos. A Concentração Urinária de Iodo (CUI) foi analisada em 65% dos estudos e foi considerado o melhor indicador para avaliar o estado nutricional de iodo populacional. A tiroglobulina foi determinada em 20% dos estudos e refletiu o estado de iodo pregresso. O hormônio estimulante da tireoide foi verificado em 45% dos artigos e mostrou-se sensível para a vigilância de deficiência de iodo em recém-nascidos. Apenas um estudo avaliou o iodo no cabelo, útil para analisar a ingestão dietética em longo prazo. Na avaliação da qualidade metodológica, a menor pontuação foi 12, e a maior 16, em 17 pontos possíveis. Para diagnóstico de deficiência e excesso de iodo na população, recomenda-se a CUI.
A influência da violência familiar e entre pares na prática do bullying por adolescentes escolares
Authors: Silva Georgia Rodrigues Reis e , Lima Maria Luiza Carvalho de , Acioli Raquel Moura Lins , Barreira Alice Kelly
Published: November 2021

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de agressores de bullying e identificar os fatores relacionados a este comportamento em adolescentes escolares do Recife. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal analítico, composto por uma amostra probabilística por conglomerados de 1.402 estudantes de 15 a 19 anos matriculados no segundo ano do ensino médio de escolas públicas e privadas do Recife. Neste trabalho, o bullying será abordado segundo a teoria bioecológica do desenvolvimento humano de Bronfenbrenner. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de um questionário autoaplicável com questões sobre bullying e fatores associados. A análise dos dados foi constituída pela aplicação do teste qui-quadrado de Pearson, considerando significância estatística de 0,05 e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Para a análise das associações foi empregada a modelagem multinível e o software utilizado foi o STATA, versão 12.0. Os resultados mostraram prevalência de 21,26% de agressores de bullying e os fatores associados à essa prática foram as violências sofridas na escola e entre pares, bem como a violência praticada pela mãe e irmãos. Dessa forma, os resultados indicam que as violências sofridas no contexto familiar e escolar podem repercutir na prática do bullying entre adolescentes.
Condições de vida, trabalho e acesso aos serviços de saúde em trabalhadores agrícolas e não agrícolas, Brasil, 2013
Authors: Nogueira Fernanda de Albuquerque Melo , Landmann Celia Szwarcwald , Damacena Giseli Nogueira
Published: November 2021

Resumo No Brasil, o crescimento do agronegócio em detrimento da agricultura familiar ocorreu ocultando danos sociais, ambientais e à saúde humana. Objetivou-se comparar as condições de vida, de trabalho e o acesso aos serviços de saúde, entre trabalhadores agrícolas e não agrícolas. Utilizaram-se os dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) sobre condições de vida e trabalho, características sociodemográficas, econômicas e de acesso aos serviços de saúde de uma amostra representativa da população ocupada brasileira. Empregou-se o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson, com nível de significância de 0,05, considerando-se o desenho complexo da amostragem. Os trabalhadores agrícolas apresentaram piores condições de vida, menor poder aquisitivo, maior exposição à radiação solar e agentes químicos e maior frequência e gravidade de acidentes de trabalho em comparação aos não agrícolas. A população agrícola teve maior cobertura da ESF, buscou atendimento médico no SUS para tratar doenças, enquanto a não agrícola, buscou atendimento médico privado para ações preventivas. As diferenças encontradas entre esses trabalhadores implicam em padrões de adoecimento distintos e definem necessidades de saúde específicas.
Associação entre capital social e bullying em adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos: relações entre o ambiente escolar e social
Authors: Reisen Andressa , Leite Franciele Marabotti Costa , Santos Neto Edson Theodoro dos
Published: November 2021

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a associação entre capital social e bullying em adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos em escolas do ensino médio na Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil. Foi realizado um inquérito epidemiológico seccional de base escolar, com amostra formada por 2.293 estudantes, estratificada por município de localização escolar. Foram executadas estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais a partir de dois instrumentos: o “Questionário integrado para medir capital social do Banco Mundial” e o “Olweus bully/victim questionnaire”, em versões adaptadas. Os resultados demostraram que as vítimas de bullying tiveram maiores chances de apresentar baixo nível de capital social cognitivo (p = 0,001; OR = 1,9; IC 95% = 1,29-2,68), subjacente (p = 0,002; OR = 1,7; IC 95% = 1,20-2,38) e total (p < 0,001; OR = 1,80; IC 95% = 1,32-2,59). Os agressores de bullying foram associados a baixos níveis de capital social cognitivo (p < 0,001; OR = 3,2; IC 95% = 2,34-4,44) e total (p = 0,042; OR = 1,7; IC 95% = 1,24-2,27). Elevados níveis de capital social estão relacionados à redução dos comportamentos de vitimização e de agressão por bullying. Portanto, deve-se promover relações sociais saudáveis nos espaços de convivência comum dos adolescentes para estimular outras reações positivas nos ambientes escolares.
Social network typologies of older people: A cross-national literature review
Authors: Guadalupe Sónia , Vicente Henrique Testa
Published: November 2021

Abstract This article presents an issue narrative non-systematic review about social network typologies for the older population. We analysed 18 studies with large samples from 14 countries worldwide. The position of family ties, network composition, network size, frequency of contacts and community participation are central to social network typologization in the older population. Restricted and diverse networks emerged in typologies associated, respectively, with less and more effective social support features, and are good predictors of well-being, health, mental health, social support and social participation. Cross-nationally, there is an unequal distribution of the construction of network typologies. The different typologies, that should be culturally grounded, provide guidelines to intervention planning, inform social service providers about emerging needs and contribute to social policy debate.
Impact of malocclusion severity on the quality of life of non-white adolescents
Authors: Lacerda Juliana Andrade de , Borges Técia Mendes Daltro , Meneguim Marcelo de Castro , Vedovello Filho Mario , Santamaria Júnior Milton , Vedovello Silvia Amélia Scudeler
Published: November 2021

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of malocclusion severity on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of non-white adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 585 non-white Brazilian adolescents (12-15 years). The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was used for the clinical assessment of malocclusion and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) on OHRQoL. Deep bite and transverse occlusal relationships were assessed in association with the DAI. The adolescents with DAI 3 and 4 were distributed into 4 groups: G1 - individuals without transverse occlusal relationships or deep bite; G2 - individuals with only posterior crossbite; G3 - individuals with only deep bite; and G4 - individuals with Brodie bite. The backward stepwise procedure was used to select variables on each level, eliminating variables with a p≤0.20. From the logistic regression analyses, the adjusted odds ratios were estimated with the respective 95% confidence intervals. The adolescents with severe malocclusion divided into the G2, G3 and G4 showed p-value of 0.0501, 0.1475, and 0.5407, respectively, but did not remain in the final model. Malocclusion severity had no impact on the OHRQoL of non-white adolescents.
Difficulty in taking medication and stroke among older adults with systemic arterial hypertension: the Fibra Study
Authors: Torres Juliana Lustosa , Neri Anita Liberalesso , Ferrioli Eduardo , Lourenço Roberto Alves , Lustosa Lygia Paccini
Published: November 2021

Abstract This article aims to investigate whether difficulty in taking medication is associated with stroke among older adults with Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) and to explore their association with living arrangements. Cross-sectional study was based on 3,502 older adults with SAH from the four universities pole of Frailty in Brazilian Older People (Fibra) Study, Brazil, including 14 municipalities of the five Brazilian regions. We used the medical diagnosis of stroke and difficulty in taking medications (self-reported difficulty and financial difficulty affording prescribed medications). Multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression. Differently from women, older men with SAH, which report difficulty in taking medication (unintentional non-adherence), have higher odds of stroke. When stratified by living arrangements, those living with a partner have even higher odds of stroke compared to those without difficulty in taking medication and living alone. None association was found for difficulty affording prescribed medication for both men and women. Unintentional difficulty in taking medication plays a role in SAH treatment among men. Primary care strategies for controlling blood pressure should not be focus only on patients but targeting spouses as well.
Quedas e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em idosos: influência do tipo, frequência e local de ocorrência das quedas
Authors: Paiva Mariana Mapelli de , Lima Margareth Guimarães , Barros Marilisa Berti de Azevedo
Published: November 2021

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) segundo a frequência e as características das quedas em idosos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal desenvolvido com dados de inquérito domiciliar de saúde realizado em 2014 e 2015, em Campinas, São Paulo. As variáveis dependentes foram os domínios do SF-36 e, as independentes, a ocorrência e as características das quedas. As médias e as diferenças de médias dos escores do SF-36 foram estimadas por regressão linear simples e múltipla. O estudo revela que o impacto na QVRS depende significativamente das características das quedas. Declínios de maior magnitude e em maior número de domínios do SF-36 foram constatados nos idosos que sofreram três ou mais quedas (em comparação com aqueles com uma ou duas quedas), nos que relataram quedas por desmaio/tontura (comparando com quedas provocadas por tropeção), nos que caíram no domicílio (versus as quedas ocorridas em outros locais) e nos que relataram limitação decorrente das quedas nas atividades diárias. Apenas nas quedas com essas características o domínio de aspectos emocionais se mostrou afetado. O impacto na QVRS, inclusive nos aspectos emocionais, depende das características das quedas, que precisam ser consideradas nas ações de prevenção e no controle das consequências das quedas na qualidade de vida dos idosos.
Fatores associados à ideação suicida entre travestis e transexuais assistidas por organizações não governamentais
Authors: Silva Glauber Weder dos Santos , Meira Karina Cardoso , Azevedo Dulcian Medeiros de , Sena Romeika Carla Ferreira de , Lins Suerda Lillian da Fonseca , Dantas Eder Samuel Oliveira , Miranda Francisco Arnoldo Nunes de
Published: November 2021

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar a prevalência e os fatores associados à ideação suicida em travestis e transexuais. Estudo transversal, realizado entre 2015 e 2016 com travestis (n = 22) e transexuais (n = 36) associadas a quatro organizações civis do Rio Grande do Norte. Avaliou-se a diferença entre as categorias por meio dos testes qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher e de razão de verossimilhança. Realizou-se a análise múltipla por meio da regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. A prevalência de ideação suicida foi de 41,4% (IC 95%: 41,3-54,51%), sendo de 13,79% entre travestis (IC 95%: 4,91-22,66%) e 27,61% entre transexuais (IC 95%: 16,08-39,08%). Observou-se que apresentaram maior prevalência de ideação suicida os participantes com histórico de violência na escola (RP = 2,05; IC 95%: 1,08-3,87) e classificados com níveis depressivos moderado/grave (RP = 3,86; IC 95%: 1,51-9,83). Contexto escolar desfavorável e presença de sintomatologia depressiva parecem prejudicar a saúde mental e colaborar com a ideação suicida de pessoas transexuais e travestis.
Regras/rupturas do “contrato” amoroso entre adolescentes: o papel do abuso digital
Authors: Flach Roberta Matassoli Duran , Deslandes Suely Ferreira
Published: November 2021

Resumo O abuso digital nos relacionamentos íntimos constitui um tema ainda pouco estudado no Brasil, sendo tal prática muitas vezes naturalizada, especialmente entre jovens. O objetivo deste artigo é conhecer os sentidos atribuídos por adolescentes para o conjunto de regras e acordos, implícitos ou pactuados, que definem os contornos de um contrato amoroso e o papel do abuso digital nesses entendimentos estratégicos. Estudo qualitativo realizado com fontes orais primárias, a partir de quatro grupos focais com adolescentes de ambos os sexos, de 15 a 18 anos, de escolas públicas e privadas, totalizando 26 estudantes. A análise se pautou na perspectiva da interpretação de sentidos, com viés temático, ancorado na teoria de amor líquido de Bauman e na categoria de amor confluente de Giddens. Confiança, individualidade e intimidade foram valores considerados essenciais para a vigência de um relacionamento íntimo considerado sério. A exposição da intimidade e monitoramento sem permissão são atos que podem levar à ruptura desse contrato amoroso. Os adolescentes nos mostraram que é preciso tratar o abuso digital entre parceiros a partir da reflexão acerca das regras, dos valores e dos acordos que definem os contornos do contrato amoroso que estabelecem.
Os corpos etéreos dos blogs pró-ana: comunidades emocionais e espaços de sociabilidade na web
Authors: Giordani Rubia Carla Formighieri , Silva Flávia Santos
Published: November 2021

Resumo O presente artigo procurou compreender como jovens anoréxicas utilizam ambientes virtuais como espaços de sociabilidade para a construção de uma narrativa sobre a anorexia, para ancorar suas experiências pela mutualidade emocional e para validar discursos. Realizou-se análise de conteúdo da sessão de comentários e posts de blogs pró-anorexia sendo identificadas três categorias temáticas: corpo, identidade pessoal e sociabilidade na rede. Observou-se que os blogs são espaços virtuais de sociabilidade e de construção de coletivos identitários. As representações e as vivências pela materialidade corporal alimentam o cyber espaço e são o ponto de partida para compreensão de um fenômeno particular à contemporaneidade, que são as trocas virtuais. Nos blogs localizam-se narrativas corporais que procuram dar coerência ao indivíduo e à sua existência bem como ancorar e legitimar experiências pessoais e validar atitudes pró-anorexia. São reforçados os laços sociais dentro do grupo que se transforma em uma comunidade emocional. Os sentidos dos discursos circulantes permitem inferir que nestes grupos, a materialidade dos corpos anoréxicos se emancipa dos estigmas sociais de doença.
Tobacco use among transgender and gender non-binary youth in Brazil
Authors: Fontanari Anna Martha Vaitses , Churchill Siobhan , Schneider Maiko Abel , Soll Bianca , Costa Angelo Brandelli , Lobato Maria Inês Rodrigues
Published: November 2021

Abstract Transgender and gender non-binary youth are particularly vulnerable to tobacco smoking and susceptible to smoking adverse health outcomes. That is, they are in special risk to start smoking and, after starting, they may face worse outcomes when comparing to their cisgender peers. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate factors associated with tobacco use among transgender and gender non-binary youth. Brazilian youth aged 16 to 25 who identify as transgender or gender non-binary answered an online questionnaire. Poisson regression with robust variance was run to predict smoking cigarettes based on individual and environmental factors. 14.1% of 206 youth reported smoking cigarettes daily, whereas 9.3% of participants reported smoking e-cigarettes occasionally. Drug use, lack of social support, deprivation, discrimination, the wait for medical gender-affirming procedures and being outside school were associated with smoking cigarettes. Contextual and individual factors should be further explored in causal analysis and taken into consideration when planning smoking prevention and cessation interventions for transgender and gender non-binary youth.