bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aliénation et altérité : la construction identitaire dans Aliss de Patrick Senécal
Authors: Landais Clotilde
Published: June 2019

Le roman Aliss de l’auteur québécois Patrick Senécal décrit le processus par lequel un personnage hors de tout stéréotype social se construit une altérité subjective, tout en niant une altérité objective à laquelle il s’aliène. En inscrivant son texte dans le genre fantastique et par un jeu entre deux groupes de référence, Senécal montre que, si l’altérité relève bien d’une construction idéologique, elle s’avère nécessaire à la constitution d’une identité. De plus, même subjective, l’altérité peut conduire le sujet à une aliénation aussi totale que celle suscitée par une altérité objective. Abstract Quebec writer Patrick Senécal’s novel,Aliss,depicts the subjective alterity towards a normative group constructed by a character standing apart from all social stereotypes, while denying an objective alterity towards a second group. Through this play between two normative groups and resorting to fantastic fiction techniques, Senécal signifies that if alterity is indeed an ideological figure, it is necessary to create one’s identity. Moreover, even a subjectively constructed feeling of alterity can lead a subject to an alienationas totalas the one caused by an objective alterity.
Le combat de Jean-Jules Richard: Le feu dans l'amiante
Authors: Benson Mark
Published: June 2019

This article uses Jean-Jules Richard’s first novel, Neuf Jours de haine, as a springboard for a deeper analysis of his second, Le Feu dans l’amiante, particularly from the point of view of the novel as combat. The analogies that I present, together with a certain number of recurring motifs, enable me to demonstrate that the fundamental combat in Richard’s fiction, that which underlines and informs the narrative framework of both novels, is that between the individual and the group. Abstract Dans cet article nous nous servons du premier roman de Jean-Jules Richard, Neuf Jours de haine, comme point de départ pour une analyse plus approfondie de son deuxième, Le Feu dans l’amiante, surtout dans la perspective du combat. Les analogies que nous relevons entre ces deux romans, ainsi qu’un certain nombre de motifs récurrents, nous permettent de démontrer que le combat fondamental chez Richard, celui qui sous-tend et informe la trame narrative des deux romans, reste celui entre l’individu et la collectivité.
L’image de la maison qui brûle : figures du temps dans quelques romans d’expression française du Canada
Authors: Morency Jean
Published: June 2019

Cet article aborde la question du rapport à l’altérité dans les romans d’expression française à partir de l’étude d’une image récurrente, celle de la maison qui brûle. Cette image, qui apparaît déjà en filigrane dans Au Cap Blomidon (1932) de Lionel Groulx, joue en effet un rôle central dans des romans comme Histoire de la maison qui brûle (1985) de France Daigle, L’Obomsawin (1987) de Daniel Poliquin, Un vent se lève qui éparpille (1999) de Jean Marc Dalpé et Le Coulonneux (1998) de Simone Chaput. L’analyse de l’image de la maison qui brûle permet de dégager comment se manifeste, dans tous ces romans, le rapport particulier qui est entretenu avec le temps, l’histoire et la mémoire, ainsi qu’avec l’altérité anglo-américaine. Ce rapport exprime bien la fragilité extrême des communautés francophones du Canada, que ce soit en Acadie, en Ontario ou au Manitoba. Abstract This paper addresses the question of the relation to otherness in French Canadian novels by examining the recurring image of the burning house. This image, which appears as early as in Lionel Groulx’s Au Cap Blomidon (1932), indeed plays a central role in novels like Histoire de la maison qui brûle (1985) by France Daigle, L’Obomsawin (1987) by Daniel Poliquin, Un vent se lève qui éparpille (1999) by Jean Marc Dalpé, and Le Coulonneux (1998) by Simone Chaput. The analysis of the burning house image helps to understand how the particular relation to time, history and memory as well as to the Anglo-American Other takes form in all these novels. This relation expresses well the extreme fragility of Francophone communities in Canada, whether those in Acadie, in Ontario or in Manitoba.
Rowen's biografie van Johan de Witt
Authors: Boogman J.C.
Published: June 2019

H.H. Rowen, John de Witt, grand pensionary of Holland, 1625-1672
Het Plakkaat van Verlatinge (1581) en de Declaration of Independence (1776)
Authors: Coopmans J.P.A.
Published: June 2019

Niet beschikbaar.
Redesigning Business Model Strategy: The Digital Future of Retailing in Europe
Authors: Kaplan Can , Tewes Stefan
Published: June 2019

In times of progressive digital transformation and constant change, a continuous reorientation of stationary retail is indispensable in order to be successful in the future. The practical recommendations for action provide a guideline for the transformation of stationary retailing based on digital change processes. Various factors are taken into account, which is identified as critical success factors for stationary retail. These include a reorientation of the business model, the introduction of new digital technologies and data protection. In general, stationary retail must rethink the business model holistically and be open to radical innovations in order to be successful in the long term. More than ever, the influence of digital technologies and the influence of online retailing can be felt. Adapting successful digital and technological megatrends is, therefore, a critical success factor. If the necessary change is lacking in stationary retail, successful digital companies – such as Amazon or Alibaba – will replace entire industries. Subtotaling, the following questions are answered: What problems does stationary retail face – caused by the digital transformation? What digital solutions already exist? How can stationary retail remain successful in the digital age?
Construction of a Sustainable Social Security System in Poland
Authors: Garbiec Roman
Published: June 2019

The paper is about the construction of a sustainable social security system in Poland which is an attempt to define the types of changes that are required for the improvement of this system at the beginning of the 21st century. Optimization of the system should be understood as economic equity and obligatory application of axioms of commonship and unification. In order to construct a valid social security system, it is necessary to define the following factors: a catalog of social risks, a method of benefit funding and parameters of the benefits to be paid. Any structurally and financially sustainable system must be designed so that all its elements are compatible both with social risks that are protected in the system and with the elements of the social security system. The paper presents the Polish social protection system together with the social security system, the risks that are protected in the social insurances and a concept of changes that should be made to optimize the social security system.
Capacitação da equipe de saúde da família para o cuidado com a saúde auditiva da criança
Authors: Amaral Mariane , Magni Cristiana
Published: June 2019

A deficiência auditiva pode manifestar-se tardiamente em crianças de risco para essa privação sensorial de forma que limitar-se somente à Triagem Auditiva Neonatal pode restringir as possibilidades de identificação precoce da deficiência, bem como de realização da intervenção o quanto antes. A habilitação da Equipe de Saúde da Família para o monitoramento das crianças de risco é uma estratégia viável e prevista nas Diretrizes de Atenção da Triagem Auditiva Neonatal. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar quais metodologias têm sido utilizadas para capacitar a Equipe de Saúde da Família para o cuidado com a audição da criança. Os resultados encontrados apresentam foco nos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde, salientando o seu potencial na identificação de alterações auditivas na população infantil. As capacitações têm sido realizadas de forma presencial e a distância. As ferramentas de ensino a distância são eficazes, contudo o aprendizado de forma presencial continua sendo a metodologia mais efetiva.
Programa de acompanhamento de egressos e sua relação com os cursos superiores de Gestão Ambiental: análise do cenário da Região Sudeste do Brasil em 2016
Authors: Oliveira Valéria Garcez de , Medeiros Luís Cláudio Meirelles de , Milward-De-Azevedo Julianne Alvim
Published: June 2019

A necessidade de um profissional na área ambiental caracterizado como multidisciplinar criou demandas para a criação do Gestor Ambiental; a partir disto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar o levantamento quantitativo dos cursos superiores de Gestão Ambiental presentes na região Sudeste brasileira, suas modalidades de ensino e categorias bem como a existência ou não do acompanhamento de seus egressos. O Programa de Acompanhamento de Egressos (PAE) é recomendado pelo Ministério da Educação. A região Sudeste, em 2016, possuía diversos cursos superiores em Gestão Ambiental, entretanto, a maioria desses cursos encontrava-se nos estados de São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Rio de Janeiro, respectivamente. A maior parte dos cursos era de instituições privadas de ensino e possuía a modalidade de ensino à distância, os cursos de bacharelado apresentaram-se em minoria. Em relação ao PAE de todos esses cursos, nenhuma instituição apresentou um acompanhamento de egressos específico para graduados em Gestão Ambiental.
Turismo rural em faxinais: uma alternativa não agrícola de desenvolvimento local e de fixação do homem no campo
Authors: Mikuska Rosiane , Maganhotto Ronaldo Ferreira
Published: June 2019

As atividades rurais não agrícolas vêm se tornando mais comuns no meio rural brasileiro, dentre as quais se destaca o turismo. O presente artigo apresenta um estudo bibliográfico acerca do turismo em terras de faxinais no estado do Paraná e tem como objetivo apresentar as possibilidades e limitações da implementação da atividade turística nas terras de Faxinal, a partir das publicações com a referida temática. Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa configura-se como de caráter qualitativo, tendo como técnica de pesquisa o levantamento e análise bibliométrica. Verificou-se a escassez de pesquisas envolvendo turismo em áreas faxinalenses. Dos estudos encontrados na base Google Acadêmico, três abordam o turismo rural em faxinais de Prudentópolis e de Mallet, municípios que apresentam maior incidência de faxinais na região. Ressalta-se a inexistência de estudos sobre o tema elencado em bases como Scielo e Scopus. Quanto às possibilidades, verificou-se que os aspectos paisagísticos (naturais e rurais) e culturais (religiosidade e gastronomia) configuram-se como sendo elementos peculiares às áreas de Faxinal. No entanto o acesso (estrada e sinalização), a adequação da propriedade e necessidade de investimentos, assim como o entendimento do pequeno agricultor quanto à prestação de serviço, reportam-se aos desafios a serem superados para implementação da atividade turística e de lazer como alternativa não agrícola no meio rural.
SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE LITERACY: LESSON LEARNED FROM SOCIAL INSURANCE FOR MATERNITY CARE BY NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAMME
Authors: Nisa' Choirun , Sari Intan Nina
Published: June 2019

Background: Health insurance is a right for all Indonesian citizens. To provide this, the Indonesian government must provide health services that are equitable, fair, and affordable for all levels of society. Before National Health Insurance (JKN) was established, the government launched Social Insurance for Maternity Care or Jaminan Persalinan (Jampersal) as a special health facility for pre-pregnant to post-partum mothers. The JKN program will run well if it is accompanied with good health service literacy of the community.Aims: This study aims to analyze the relationship of social health insurance literacy with the utilization of Jampersal and predict the response towards JKN utilization based on Jampersal mothers. These responses can be used as an input for JKN improvement.Methods: This research is a descriptive study that focuses on the experience of the subjects. The study does so by analyzing Jampersal users’ response and utilizing it for the improvement of JKN. The respondents of this study are Jampersal and non-Jampersal mothers consisting of 75 pregnant and post-partum mothers.Results: The results show that the number of Jampersal users (47%) were less than non Jampersal (53%) with a ratio of 2:3. In addition, literacy about Jampersal of Jampersal mothers' was higher (28 out of 30 people - 93.33%) compared to non Jampersal mothers (29 out of 45 people - 64.44%).Conclusions: This study concludes that there is a lack of promotion of government programs, especially social health insurance. What needs to be done to improve participation and use of social health insurance is to encourage primary healthcare centers to promote the programs. Intervention policy, especially by educating the communities, is necessary for the improvement of JKN literacy.                                                                                                                                                          Keywords: Literacy, Participation, Social health insurance.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CLINICAL PROCEDURES IN THE VERTICAL REFERRAL SYSTEM IN A PRIMARY HEALTHCARE CENTER
Authors: Soeripto Nadia Damayanti
Published: June 2019

Background: A referral system in the era of National Health Insurance starts from first-level primary health facility. The high number of referral in one of primary healthcare centers in Surabaya indicates that the implementation of the vertical referral system has not gone well.Aim: To determine the conformity of the vertical referral system to the clinical procedures at the general outpatient clinics of the the primary healthcare center based on the National Referral System Guidelines.Methods: This study was an observational descriptive study and used implementation research method, which conducted in August 2018. This study was conducted in one of primary healthcare centers in Surabaya. This study used triangulated data, such as the review of reference documents, interviews with referral officers, and direct observation.Results: Out of 7 regulations in the clinical procedures of referral system according to the National Referral System Guidelines, only 2 regulations were not run by the at the general outpatient clinics of the primary healthcare center. For example, patients being referred did not come to the primary healthcare center on their own instead of requesting their family to come. Also, the doctors in the primary healthcare center referred the patients by themselves. However, according to the guidlines, before referring patients, the doctors should contact the referred health facilities.Conclusion: The implementation of clinical procedures in the vertical referral system in the primary healthcare center in Surabaya is broadly in accordance with the existing regulations and guidelines. However, it is necessary to do some improvement. It is recommended that they should re-contact the referral health facility before referring the patients to improve the quality of communication and provide more education to the patients’ family so that they bring the patients to do check-up when the the referral is extended. Keywords: Clinical procedure, Primary healthcare center, Vertical referral system.
EXPECTATION BASED REWARD SYSTEM FOR REDUCING EMPLOYEES’ TARDINESS
Authors: Sutikno Antonius Edwin
Published: June 2019

Background: Motivating employees can improve their morale and job satisfaction. Work motivation has a positive effect on work discipline and employee’s performance. Organizations provide reward to their employee to motivate improvement in performance. On the other hand, lack of motivation will result in tardiness. A monthly report of one clinic in Surabaya, for example, shows alarming level of personnel’s tardiness from July to October 2014, with the mean score of 88.85 minutes compared to the standard tolerance of tardiness 15 minutes per day.Aims: This study aims at formulating appropriate recommendations of reward system to reduce employee’s tardiness at one clinic in Surabaya.Methods: This is a quantitative analytical study with a cross-sectional design and observation method. The research samples are 17 employees of the clinic chosen using purposive samplingResults: Results show that 82.35% of employees chose additional incentives as a reward if they do come on time. The majority of employees chose a range of Rp. 51,000 to Rp. 70,000 as the typical amount of incentive. Not all employees agreed to the implementation of punishment system. The reward system is applied when the employees have good attendance record in one month.Conclusions: Extra incentive provides good motivation for employees to deliver proper healthcare in time. The application of reward system from November 2014 to January 2015 gave a positive result in terms of decreasing the number employees who come late to work. Healthcare providers should evaluate employees’ performance and implement reward system to increase the quality of human resource.Keywords: Tardiness, Punishment, Reward.
Bilim-Toplum İlişkileri Bağlamında Bilim Merkezleri ve Etkileri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: KARAMAN Kasım
Published: June 2019

Bilgi
toplumunun inşasında önemli katkılar sağlayan bilim merkezleri, 1960-70’lerde yaygınlaşmaya
başlamıştır. Bilim merkezleri, çocuk, genç ve yetişkinlere yönelik sergiler ve
uygulamalarla toplumun tüm kesimlerine bilimi sevdirmeyi amaclar. Diğer
taraftan bilimsel ve teknolojik gelişmeleri yakından takip ederek Dünya ile
entegre bir toplum oluşmasına önemli katkılar sunar.  Bilim merkezleri öğrenciler için etkili bir
okul dışı öğrenme ortamı oluşturuken, öğretmenler için de hem öğretme
becerilerinin artmasına hem de öğretme motivasyonlarının yükselmesine yardımcı
olur. Bilim merkezleri öğretmen ve öğrencilerle birlikte yetişkinleri de bilgi
toplumları için önemli olan hayat boyu öğrenme kavramıyla tanıştırma işlevini
de gerçekleştirir. Nitel yöntemin tercih edildiği ve ilgili literatürden
elde edilen verilerin değerlendirildiği bu çalışma, bilim-toplum ilişkileri
bağlamında, bilgi toplumu olma sürecinde 1900’lü yıllardan itibaren gelişmeye
başlayan bilim (teknoloji) merkezlerinin bu süreçteki etkilerini çeşitli
boyutlarıyla değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çerçevede bilim merkezlerinin Dünya’da
ve Türkiye’de tarihsel gelişimi, sınıflandırılması, bilim toplum ilişkilerine
katkıları, bilim merkezlerinin informal eğitim alanındaki yansımaları ve
yapılan akademik çalışmalarda elde edilen bireysel, toplumsal etkileri ortaya
koymaktır. Bilgi toplumunda bilim-toplum ilişkilerinin düzenlenmesi
ve sürdürülmesi bağlamında, bilim merkezlerine olan talebi de artırmıştır. Her
yaştan ve her meslekten ziyaretçilerin çeşitli amaçlarla ziyaret ettikleri bu
merkezler, giderek farklı alanları kapsayan tematik ve etkileşimli merkezler
olarak cazibe merkezleri olmaya devam etmektedir.
Utilization of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Three Common Abdominal Surgeries, Adherence to Standard Guidelines and Surgeons' Perception in Teaching Hospitals, Islamabad, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Zakir , Ahmed Naveed , ur Rehman Asim , Khan Faiz ullah , Rahman Hazir
Published: June 2019

Background and objectives: The appropriate use of antibiotics is the main strategy of Antimicrobial stewardship program. This study was planned to evaluate the quality of antibiotic prescriptions, its adherence with standard guidelines and surgeons’ perception regarding antibiotic use in surgeries. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional observational and survey-based study comprised of two sections: Phase 1; to investigate the antibiotic utilization in three most common abdominal surgical procedures during 9 months (January 2017 to September 2017). The appropriateness of antibiotics was compared with evidence-based guidelines. Phase 2; the surgeon’s perspectives were evaluated through a self-administered questionnaire (13 items) during the next three months (October 2017 to December 2017). Descriptive statistics, chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests analysis were used through SPSS Statistical Package 21.0. Results: A total of 866 eligible surgical cases out of 1015 were investigated. An acute appendectomy (n= 418; 48.2%) was most common surgical intervention followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy (n= 278; 32.1%) and inguinal hernia (n= 170; 19.7%). About 97.5% of patients received antibiotics. Among these, 9.5% adhered according to guidelines with respect to correct choice, 40% for timing, 100% for dose and route (optimal value 100%). The ceftriaxone (J01XD04; n= 503; 59.5%) was most frequently prescribed antibiotic. A 200 participants (response rate 70.6%) filled out a validated questionnaire (internal consistency; α ≥ 0.7). One hundred and thirty-eight (69%) reported the overuse of antibiotics and most of them (97%) preferred broad-spectrum antibiotics instead of narrow-spectrum. The participants reported that non-availability hospital-based guidelines (n=193; 96.5%), prescribing of antibiotics without guidelines (n=186; 93%), underestimation of infection (n=177; 88.5%), lack of consensus (n=135; 67.5%) and poor awareness about guidelines (n=122; 61%) were the main determinants in their health care settings. Conclusions: The compliance of Surgical antibiotic was far below the recommendations of guidelines. The urgent needs of awareness among surgeons and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship program were important recommended interventions for appropriate use antibiotics.
Some Fixed Point Theorems in Pseudo Multiplicative Metric Spaces with Convex Structure
Authors: Jamal Naveed , Chaudhry Dr. M. Anwar , Baloch M. Bakhsh
Published: June 2019

In the framework of a multiplicative metric space. We have.discuss some Properties of convex.structures.in pseudo multiplicative metric space and have applieditheseiproperties toiobtain alfixed point results in complete pseudo. It would be interesting to prove .some.further results.in such metric.spaces with completeness.property
A Recrosslinkable Preformed Particle Gel for Conformance Control in Heterogeneous Reservoirs Containing Linear-Flow Features
Authors: Pu Jingyang , Bai Baojun , Alhuraishawy Ali , Schuman Thomas , Chen Yashu , Sun Xindi
Published: June 2019

Preformed particle gels (PPGs) have been successfully applied to control conformance for mature oil fields because of their advantages over conventional in-situ gels. However, field applications have demonstrated that current particle gels cannot efficiently plug open fractures, fracture-like channels, or conduits that exist in many mature oil fields. The objective of this study is to systematically evaluate a new recrosslinkable-PPG (RPPG) product that can be used to efficiently control the conformance for abnormal features. The RPPG can swell to 38 times its initial volume, and the equilibrium swelling ratio is independent of the brine salinity. Temperature and the particle size showed a gradient effect on the swelling rate of the gel. Additionally, the particle gels can recrosslink to form a rubber-like bulky material in the large-opening features after placement that significantly enhances the plugging efficiency. We systematically evaluated the effect of temperature and RPPG swelling ratio on the recrosslinking time, the gel strength after crosslinking, and the gel thermostability. Coreflooding tests were run to test whether RPPG can significantly improve the fracture-plugging efficiency compared with a traditional PPG that cannot recrosslink after pumping. The RPPG can be customized for mature reservoirs with a temperature from 23 to 80°C with a controllable size from tens of nanometers to a few millimeters. The recrosslinking time can be controlled from 2 to 80 hours, depending on the swelling ratio and temperature. The gel elastic modulus after recrosslinking can achieve from 300 to 10 800 Pa, depending on the swelling ratio and the temperature. Coreflooding tests showed that the breakthrough pressure of the recrosslinked RPPG can reach up to 300 psi/ft for a fracture with a 0.2-cm aperture, which is more than five times higher than that of the conventional PPG.
An evaluation on the operation parameters of trephine cutting cornea based on biomechanical response
Authors: SU PENG , Deng Shijing , Yao Wei , Li Jian , Tian Lei , Yang Yang
Published: June 2019

Background: The aim of this paper is to propose laws of trephine operation in order to obtain better microsurgical effects for keratoplasty. Methods: Based on a handheld trephine manipulator and a trephine robot integrated with the microforce sensor, the manual and robotic experiments are made taking porcine corneas as the test subjects. The effect of trephine operation parameters on the results reflected by biomechanical response and photomicrograph is discussed, and the parameters include linear velocity, rotating angle and angular velocity. Results: Using probability density functions, the distributions of the manual operation parameters show some randomness, and there is large fluctuation in the trephine force during the experiments. The biomechanical response shows regular trends in the robotic experiments even under different parameters, and compared to manual trephination, the robot may perform the operation of trephine cutting cornea more stably and produce a uniform cutting margin. Conclusions: Under different operation parameters, the cutting force shows different trends, and the optimal initial parameters that result in better trephine effects can be obtained based on the trends. Based on this derived law, the operation parameters can be set in robotic trephination, and the surgeons can also be specially trained to achieve a better microsurgical result.
HPV genotyping in patients undergoing colposcopy-guided cervical biopsy and ECC using reference smear and pathology results
Authors: Cetin Ahmet , Aydin Derya Sivri
Published: June 2019

Background:
The cervical cytology, HPV presence and HPV genotyping used for cervical cancer screening are the guiding lights in predicting the risk of developing the disease now or in the near future and they can be used in deciding how to manage the patient. In our study, we aimed to determine the rate of HPV types in presence of abnormal cervical smear results and preinvasive lesions and to obtain data to help predict the risk of cervical pathology according to HPV genotyping in our population.
Materials and methods:
In this retrospective case series, 520 consecutive patients were included in the study who underwent colposcopy in the gynecologic oncology clinic. The most common HPV types were determined in patients with abnormal cytology results in cervical smear and with CIN2 or higher in cervical biopsy results.
Results:
A total of 279 patients were tested positive for HPV. 70 (25.1%) of the patients were HPV type 16, 34 (12.2%) were type 18 and 134 (47.0%) of the patients were tested positive for other high-risk HPV types. The most frequent other high-risk HPV type was type 39 (7.9%).
Reference smear results identified 239 patients (48.8%) as ASCUS, 117 patients (23.9%) as LSIL, 19 patients (3.9%) as HSIL and 115 patients (23.5%) as normal. The incidence of HPV 16 and 18 infection in patients with abnormal smear results was 26.8%.
Punch biopsy pathology results that revealed CIN1 was present in 48.4%, CIN2 or CIN3 in 8.1%, squamous cell carcinoma in 1.1% and cervicitis in 30.4% of the patients. In 89.2% of the patients whose biopsy results were CIN2-3 or squamous cell cancer, HPV types were 16 and 18.
Conclusion: As types 16 and 18 positivity in patients with ASCUS was 26.8%, we suggest that performing colposcopy directly in all HPV positive cases as recommended in ASCCP guidelines must be questioned and HPV genotyping must be performed before colposcopy in patients with ASCUS.
The modulation of Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor on synaptic transmission efficiency in the Primary Visual Cortex of Monocular Deprivation Amblyopia Rat
Authors: Liu XiangLing , Zhang Rui , Song ZiXuan , Wang JingLi , Zhang Li , Lin JingJing , Chen Yong , Lu Chengbiao
Published: June 2019

Background :The occurrence of amblyopia is closely related to the glutamate receptors in visual cortex. The expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) in the visual cortex of rats with amblyopia has been proved to decrease, however, the role of mGluR1 in the synaptic transmission of visual cortex is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of group I mGluR on the synaptic transmission efficiency in the primary visual cortex of monocular deprivation amblyopia rat.
Methods The 14-day-old rads were rangomly divided intonormal control group and form-deprivation group,with 8 rats in each group. The eyelids of the left eye were sutured to establish the monocular form- deprivation amblyopia rat model,The rats visual cortex slices were prepared and incubated in artificial cerebrospinal fluid . Four groups of drugs that it is 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine( DHPG), LY367385, 2-methyl-6( phenyl acetylene) pyridine hydrochloride( MPEP) and DHPG, LY367385and MPEP and DHPG were added to every group, respectively.The extracellular recording technique was used to record the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) in the visual cortex.
Results: After application of DHPG, the fEPSP-slope of the visual cortex was significantly increased in both normal rats and monocular deprivation amblyopia rats (P<0.001), but the increase of normal group was significantly higher than that of amblyopia group (P<0.05). Application of LY367385, a selective mGluR1 blocker or Application of MPEP, an mGluR5 blocker can partially reduce the DHPG-induced fEPSP-slope in both normal group and amblyopia group. Conclusions:These results demonstrate that the effect of modulation of group I mGluR (mGluR1, 5) on the synaptic transmission was reduced in the visual cortex of monocular deprivation amblyopia rat. found that agonist DHPG of Group I mGluRs
increased synaptic transmission efficiency of neurons in visual cortex of normal rats and
monocular form deprivation rats.
Topic: Under-5 children mortality in Chad from 1990 to 2017: Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease data
Authors: MARTIAL NODJIMADJI TAMLENGAR , Chuanhua YU
Published: June 2019

Background: Ending preventable death for newborns and children is one of the new goals set by the United Nations as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This goal should be reached by the year of 2030, in all United Nations countries including the Republic of Chad.
Chad is one of the Sub-Saharan countries in central Africa, where infants’ mortality is still high, due to many conditions.
The objective of this study is to analyze the mortality in under-5 children in Chad from 1990-2018, with data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD).
Methods: Data from GBD (GHDx input source) of under-5 mortality in Chad 1990-2018 was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25 by performing a Two-way ANOVA to check for the interaction effect between gender, age, and mortality. A Mean compare was used to determine the most involved gender and the most involved age in under-5 mortality in Chad.
Results: The male gender 12510 (95%CI -4867-29888 52%) is higher than the female gender 11401 (95%CI -5976-28779 48%) in under-5 mortality in Chad from 1990-2018. This can also be interpreted by the percentages of YLLs in both genders with the male’s 1085166 (95%CI 1067788-1102544 52%) which is also higher than the female’s 988032 (95%CI 970654-1005410 48%). In the different age groups used in this study, the overall Data showed that the 1-4years age group is the most affected with a highest number (Deaths and YLLs) 717547 (45.6%), followed by the Post neonatal group 552360 (35.1%), and finally the Early neonatal group 302924 (19.3%).
Conclusion: Under-5 mortality in Chad is still higher compared to the new Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations.
The use of visual risk communication and its significance for risk understanding and health literacy in out-clinic settings – a literature review
Authors: Jensen Louise Drejer , Nielsen Jesper Bo , Jensen Anders Elkær
Published: June 2019

Background
Patients frequently experience difficulties understanding communicated risks. The aim of this study was through a literature review to analyze if the use of visual risk communication tools improve risk understanding among patients in outpatient settings or general practice, and if one tool appears more useful than others.

Method
The electronic databases PubMed and PsycINFO were systematically searched. Relevant references were used for chain search to make sure all relevant literature was included.

Results
The main search revealed 1,157 titles. There were 13 eligible studies concerning visual risk communication in outpatient clinical settings. The design, quality and main findings of the studies were heterogeneous. However, most of the analysed studies found a significant positive effect of graphical, interactive and dynamic visual aids on risk communication.

Conclusion
There is currently not enough evidence to endorse one graphical format above others. Personalising the graph format to the type of risk information presented may facilitate a better understanding of risk and contribute to improve health and cost-efficacy.
Optimising wastewater treatment solutions for the removal of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs): a case study for application in India
Authors: Visanji Zara , Sadr Seyed M. K. , Johns Matthew B. , Savic Dragan , Memon Fayyaz A.
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study was to produce optimal wastewater treatment solutions to calculate the removal of different contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) found in developing countries. A new methodology was developed for a decision support tool (WaStewater Decision support OptiMiser, WiSDOM), which focuses on producing treatment solutions suited to treating water for reuse to Indian Water Quality Standards. WiSDOM-CEC analyses the removal of CECs through different treatment solutions and was also used to evaluate the performance of each treatment train solution in terms of the removal of conventional pollutants using multi-objective optimisation and multi-criteria decision analysis. Information was collected on different CECs across different regions of India, and the removal of 18 different CECs through 42 wastewater treatment unit processes for five different regions of India was analysed. Comparisons between similar categories of CECs, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, showed that emerging contaminants all react differently with individual treatment options. For example, the removal of ibuprofen (IBP) and naproxen (NPX) varied from >80% and 0%, respectively, for a solution in Karnataka involving sedimentation, submerged aerated filter, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration. In Tamil Nadu, results ranged from 36.8% to 72% for diclofenac, 10.7% to 66.5% for IBP, and 0% for NPX.
Bir Üniversite Hastanesindeki Oksijen Tedavisi Nemlendiricilerinin Mikrobiyolojik Açıdan İncelenmesi
Authors: AKAR Nida , ARBAK Peri Meram , Öztürk Cihadiye Elif , KILINÇEL Özge , ÇALIŞKAN Emel , ŞAHİN İdris , ÖKSÜZ Şükrü
Published: June 2019

Amaç: Hastane enfeksiyonları tıp dünyasının çözüm bulmaya çalıştığı öncelikli
sorunlar arasında yer almaya devam etmektedir. Yatan hastalarda nozokomiyal pnömoniye
sebep olabilecek kaynaklardan biri de oksijen tedavisi sırasında kullanılan
nemlendirme cihazlarıdır. Bu çalışmada Düzce Üniversite­si Araştırma ve
Uygulama Hastanesi’nin çeşitli servislerinde bulunan oksijen tedavisi
nemlendiricilerini mikrobiyolojik açıdan incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 16.9.2016—20.3.2017 döneminde toplam 102 adet
oksijen tedavisi nemlendirici­sinden steril kaplara su örnekleri alınarak %5
koyun kanlı agar, eosin methylene blue agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar ve
Löwenstein–Jensen besiyerine ekim yapıldı. Üreyen koloniler konvansiyonel ve
otoma­tize yöntemler kullanılarak tanımlandı. Bulgular: Yüz iki örneğin 69’unda (%68) toplam 98 adet mikroorganizma üremiştir.
Bu organizmaların 75’i (%77) bakteri, 23’ü (%23) mantar idi. Bakterilerin 56’sı
(%75) nonfermentatif Gram-negatif bakteri (Chryseobacterium indologenes,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Acinetobacter bau­mannii,
Acinetobacter ursingii, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Sphingomonas paucimobilis,
Stenotropho­monas maltophilia, Delftia acidovorans, Brevundimonas diminuta); 13’ü
(%18) Corynebacterium spp.; 2’si (%3) Rhizobium radiobacter; 1’i
(%1) Bacillus spp.; 1’i (%1) Neisseria spp.; 1’i (%1) Staphylococcus
epidermidis; 1’i ise (%1) Mycobacterium gordonae idi. Mantarların ise 21’i (%91) küf mantarı (Fusarium spp.,
Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Exophiala spp., Cladosporium
spp., Acremonium spp., Cladophi­alophora spp., Alternaria spp.);
2’si (%9) maya mantarı (Candida krusei, Candida albicans) idi.

Tartışma ve Sonuç: Servislerde bulunan oksijen tedavisi
nemlendiricilerinin kullanımı ve dezenfeksiyonu ile ilgili kurallara yeterince
uyulmadığı görülmüştür. Sağlık çalışanlarının bu kurallara riayet konusunda eğitilmesi
ve denetlenmesi gerektiği düşünülmüştü
Elektroretinografi Ve Görsel Uyarılmış Potansiyel Ölçümlerinde Zenon Ve LED Işık Kaynaklarının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: AKSU Serkan , KURT Adnan , SOYATA Ahmet Zihni , SAÇAR Kardelen Türkü , TAŞDELEN Semih , KARAMÜRSEL Sacit
Published: June 2019

Amaç: Elektroretinografi (ERG) ve Görsel Uyarılmış Potansiyeller (GUP) görsel bir uyarana yanıt olarak retinada ve oksipital korteksteki primer görme alanında oluşan elektriksel etkinliği ölçen ve görme yollarını nesnel olarak değerlendirebilen önemli tanı araçlarıdır. Potansiyellerin oluşturulması için zenon ya da ışık yayan diyot (LED) ışık kaynağı kullanılabilmektedir. Farklı fiziksel özelliklere sahip olan bu iki ışık kaynağının GUP ölçümlerinde kullanıldığı az sayıda araştırmada, LED ışık kaynağı kullanılarak yapılan GUP kayıtlarında benzer ya da hafifçe daha düşük genlikler elde edildiği bildirilmiştir. Ancak her iki ışık kaynağı kullanılarak ölçülen ERG ve GUP kayıtlarını eş zamanlı olarak değerlendiren bir araştırma bulunmamaktadır. Bu araştırmada sağlıklı gönüllülerde zenon ve LED ışık kaynağı kullanılarak yapılan ERG ve GUP kayıtlarının karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler:Araştırmanın örneklemi 21-30 yaş aralığındaki 31 gönüllü katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. LED ve zenon ışık kaynağı ile hem sağ hem sol gözden sırası randomize edilerek  ayrı ayrı ERG ve GUP kayıtları alındı. ERG kayıtlarındaki “a”, “b”, ve GUP kayıtlarındaki N2, P2 dalgalarının gecikme süreleri ve genlikleri “Eşleştirilmiş-t testi” ile karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: ERG kayıtlarındaki “a” ve “b” dalgaları ile GUP kayıtlarındaki N2 ve P2 dalgalarının gecikme süreleri arasında fark saptanmadı. LED ışık kaynağı ile yapılan ERG kayıtlarındaki a ve b dalgalarının genlikleri ile GUP kayıtlarındaki N2 dalgasının genliği daha düşük bulundu. Sonuç: LED ışık kaynağı ile zenon lamba ile elde edilenlere büyük ölçüde benzer dalga morfolojisi ve sonuçları olan ERG ve GUP kayıtları elde edilebileceği gösterilmiştir. LED ışık kaynağı ile yapılan GUP ve ERG ölçümlerinde daha düşük genlikler elde edilmesinin önüne geçmek için monokromatik LED kullanılması, özel gözlük kullanılması gibi değişiklikler önerilmiştir. Ayrıca bulunan sonuçların farklı yaş grupları ve görme yolu patolojisi olan bireylerde yinelenmesine gereksinim duyulmaktadır.
An Analysis of the Pharmacological Components of Herbal Teas Used for Galactagogue Effects by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry.
Authors: ULUSOY Kemal Gökhan , ÖZDOĞAN Fidan Pesen , ARSLAN Seyfullah Oktay , MACİT Enis , ÇAM Saliha Ayşenur , UYSAL Fatma , DOĞAN Muhammed Fatih
Published: June 2019

Aims: The
present study was designed to detect the phytochemical components of herbs and
herbal teas that are used to improve maternal milk production by gas
chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
Methods: The
methanolic extracts were extracted by maceration method using rotary
evaporator. The essential oils of herbs were obtained by Clevenger method.Results: The
GC/MS analysis of the essential oils or the methanol extracts of the mix of herbal
teas or herbs including Foeniculum
vulgare, Pimpinella anisum, Trigonella foenum graceum, Urtica dioica, Nigella sativa were listed as several compounds in this article.
Furthermore, the possible pharmacological effects of these components have been
discussed according to the literature.

Conclusions: The
findings of this study will guide researchers about the pharmacological active
ingredients of these herbs and herbal teas that may be used in the future for
milk enhancing or other medical purposes.
Computational Drug Repurposing: Classification of the Research Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Sadeghi Seyedeh Shaghayegh , Keyvanpour Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2019

Background: :

Drug repurposing has grown significantly in recent years. Research and innovation
in drug repurposing are extremely popular due to its practical and explicit advantages. However, its adoption
into practice is slow because researchers and industries have to face various challenges.

Objective::

As this field, there is a lack of a comprehensive platform for systematic identification for removing development
limitations. This paper deals with a comprehensive classification of challenges in drug repurposing.

Methods:

Initially, a classification of various existing repurposing models is propounded. Next, the benefits of
drug repurposing are summarized. Further, a categorization for computational drug repurposing shortcomings
is presented. Finally, the methods are evaluated based on their strength to addressing the drawbacks.

Results::

This work can offer a desirable platform for comparing the computational repurposing methods by
measuring the methods in light of these challenges.

Conclusion::

A proper comparison could prepare guidance for a genuine understanding of methods. Accordingly,
this comprehension of the methods will help researchers eliminate the barriers thereby developing
and improving methods. Furthermore, in this study, we conclude why despite all the benefits of drug
repurposing, it is not being done anymore.
Comparative Evaluation of Retreatability of Endodontically Treated Teeth using AH 26, Fluoride Varnish and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate-based Endodontic Sealers
Authors: Donyavi Zakiyeh , Shokri Abbas , Pakseresht Zahra , Tapak Leili , Falahi Alireza , Abbaspourrokni Hadiseh
Published: June 2019

Background and Objectives:

Endodontic sealers are used to fill the gap between the root filling material and canal walls. Retrievability is an important requirement for sealers and root filling materials in non-surgical endodontic retreatment. This study sought to assess the retreatability of fluoride varnish, AH 26 and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA)-based sealers using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:

Thisin vitro, experimental study evaluated 45 extracted single-rooted, single-canal human mandibular premolars. Teeth with cracks or fracture were excluded. The root canals were prepared using ProTaper Universal rotary system up to size F4 according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The teeth were then randomly divided into three groups of 5% fluoride varnish, AH 26 and MTA Fillapex. CBCT scans were obtained of the teeth with 200 μm voxel size. MATLAB R2012 software was used to quantify the amount of sealer remaining in the canal. Two observers evaluated the images. Data were analyzed using SPSSviathe Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney tests.

Results:

The amount of sealer remaining in the root canals was significantly different among the three groups (P<0.05). The amount of AH 26 sealer remaining in the root canals (1.91±1.46) was significantly greater than MTA Fillapex (0.62±0.26) and fluoride varnish, but the latter two were not significantly different in this respect (P>0.05).

Conclusion:

Considering the adequate adhesion of fluoride varnish to dentin, its cariostatic effect and low cost, it seems to be a suitable alternative to the commonly used endodontic sealers.
Antibiotic Surveillance in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar in the Year of 2015-2017
Authors: Wati Dyah Kanya , Gustawan I Wayan , Fatmawati Ni Nengah Dwi , Tunas I Ketut , Setiawan Putu Andrie
Published: June 2019

Background:

Antibiotic surveillance in hospital settings is mandatory for optimal antibiotic therapy for the patient. Only a small number of studies have focused on antibiotic surveillance in hospitalized newborns, infants, and children.

Objectives:

The goal was to evaluate antibiotic use in our Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) and evaluate it for a possible association with the length of PICU stay.

Methods:

A retrospective, observational, cohort study was conducted from January 2015 to April 2017, involving subjects who were hospitalized in the PICU at Sanglah Hospital. The inclusion criteria were children aged between 1-month-12-years old, who had a blood culture and antibiotic sensitivity test result in their medical record. The exclusion criteria were incomplete medical records, blood cultures showing 2 types of bacteria at the same time (gram-positive and negative), or contaminated blood results. Factors associated with mortality were analyzed using a Chi-square test, with p < 0.05 considered to be statistically significant and the Risk Ratio (RR) of the associated factors was determined by 95% CI.

Results:

Multivariate analysis showed that the significant predictors of PICU length of stay were the appropriate continuation of antibiotics (RR 1.19; 95% CI 1.043 to 1.373; P = 0.047). There were also significant results for antibiotic compatibility and length of stay (RR 3.6; 95% CI 0.869 to 15.428; P = 0.049).

Conclusion:

Appropriate continuation of antibiotics and the compatibility of continuation antibiotics were significant predictors of length of PICU stay based on multivariate analysis.
Asbestos Bodies Burden in the Autopsy Lung Tissue from General Thai Population
Authors: Incharoen Pimpin , Hama Tuanseeta , Arsa Lalida , Kamprerasart Kaettipong , Wongwichai Sompong , Bovornkitti Somchai
Published: June 2019

Background:

Chrysotile asbestos has been used in Thailand for over 30 years mainly in asbestos-cement wall and roof tiles. In non-exposed subject, asbestos fiber can contaminate in ambient indoor and outdoor environments.

Objective:

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the current prevalence and volume of AB load in general Thai population.

Methods:

Lung tissues were obtained from 200 autopsy cases. Asbestos Bodies (AB) were identified with light microscopy using the tissue digestion and membrane filtration method. Results are reported as AB/g wet lung tissue.

Results:

AB was identified in 97(48.5%) out of 200 cases. The AB level ranged from 0.19-14.4 AB/g wet lung. Most of the positive cases (99%) have less than 10 AB/g wet lung. Only one case exhibited a high value at 14.4 AB/g wet lung. Age, gender, occupation and hometown were found to have no effect on AB burden in autopsy lung tissue from this study.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of AB in autopsy lung tissue from general Thai population is 48.5% and the AB level ranges from 0-14.4 AB/g wet lung in consistent with non-occupational asbestos exposure level regarding several reference reports.