bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wirelessly Powered Visible Light-Emitting Implant for Surgical Guidance during Lumpectomy
Authors: Rho Sunghoon , Stillwell Roy A. , Yan Kedi , de Almeida Barreto Ana Flavia Borges , Smith Joshua R. , Fay Patrick , Police Alice M. , O’Sullivan Thomas D.
Published: August 2024

Achieving negative surgical margins, defined as no tumor found on the edges of the resected tissue, during lumpectomy for breast cancer is critical for mitigating the risk of local recurrence. To identify nonpalpable tumors that cannot be felt, pre-operative placements of wire and wire-free localization devices are typically employed. Wire-free localization approaches have significant practical advantages over wired techniques. In this study, we introduce an innovative localization system comprising a light-emitting diode (LED)-based implantable device and handheld system. The device, which is needle injectable and wire free, utilizes multiple wirelessly powered LEDs to provide direct visual guidance for lumpectomy. Two distinct colors, red and blue, provide a clear indication of tissue depth: blue light is absorbed strongly in tissue, visible within a close range of <1 cm, while red light remains visible through several centimeters of tissue. The LEDs, integrated with an impedance-matching circuit and receiver coil, are encapsulated in biocompatible epoxy for injection with a 12 G needle. Our findings demonstrate that the implant exhibits clearly perceivable depth-dependent color changes and remains visible through >2 cm of ex vivo chicken breast and bovine muscle tissue using less than 4 W of transmitted power from a handheld antenna. These miniaturized needle-injectable localization devices show promise for improving surgical guidance of nonpalpable breast tumors.
Finite Element Modeling and Calibration of a Three-Span Continuous Suspension Bridge Based on Loop Adjustment and Temperature Correction
Authors: Zong Hai , Su Xun , Mao Jianxiao , Wang Hao , Gao Hui
Published: August 2024

Precise finite element modeling is critically important for the construction and maintenance of long-span suspension bridges. During the process of modeling, shape-finding and model calibration directly impact the accuracy and reliability. Scholars have provided numerous alternative proposals for the shape-finding of main cables in suspension bridges from both theoretical and finite element analysis perspectives. However, it is difficult to apply these solutions to suspension bridges with special components. Seeking a viable solution for such suspension bridges holds practical significance. The Nanjing Qixiashan Yangtze River Bridge is the first three-span suspension bridge in China. To maintain the configuration of the main cable, the suspension bridge is equipped with specialized suspenders near the anchors, referred to as displacement-limiting suspenders. It is the first suspension bridge in China to use displacement-limiting suspenders and their anchorage system. Taking the suspension bridge as a research background, this paper introduces a refined finite element modeling approach considering the effect of geometric nonlinearity. Firstly, based on the loop adjustment and temperature correction, the shape-finding and force assessment of the main cables are carried out. On this basis, a nonlinear finite element model of the bridge was established and calibrated, taking into account factors such as pylon settlement and cable saddle precession. Finally, the static and dynamic characteristics of the suspension bridge were thoroughly investigated. This study aims to provide a reference for the design, construction and operation of the three-span continuous suspension bridge.
A Deep Learning Framework for Evaluating the Over-the-Air Performance of the Antenna in Mobile Terminals
Authors: Chen Yuming , Qi Dianyuan , Yang Lei , Wu Tongning , Li Congsheng
Published: August 2024

This study introduces RTEEMF (Real-Time Evaluation Electromagnetic Field)-PhoneAnts, a novel Deep Learning (DL) framework for the efficient evaluation of mobile phone antenna performance, addressing the time-consuming nature of traditional full-wave numerical simulations. The DL model, built on convolutional neural networks, uses the Near-field Electromagnetic Field (NEMF) distribution of a mobile phone antenna in free space to predict the Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP), Total Radiated Power (TRP), and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) across various configurations. By converting antenna features and internal mobile phone components into near-field EMF distributions within a Huygens’ box, the model simplifies its input. A dataset of 7000 mobile phone models was used for training and evaluation. The model’s accuracy is validated using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (WSR) for SAR and TRP, and the Feature Selection Validation Method (FSV) for EIRP. The proposed model achieves remarkable computational efficiency, approximately 2000-fold faster than full-wave simulations, and demonstrates generalization capabilities for different antenna types, various frequencies, and antenna positions. This makes it a valuable tool for practical research and development (R&D), offering a promising alternative to traditional electromagnetic field simulations. The study is publicly available on GitHub for further development and customization. Engineers can customize the model using their own datasets.
Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy—Ultralow-Current Measurement Systems for Nanoscale Imaging of a Surface’s Electrical Properties
Authors: Sikora Andrzej , Gajewski Krzysztof , Badura Dominik , Pruchnik Bartosz , Piasecki Tomasz , Raczkowski Kamil , Gotszalk Teodor
Published: August 2024

One of the most advanced and versatile nanoscale diagnostic tools is atomic force microscopy. By enabling advanced imaging techniques, it allows us to determine various assets of a surface, including morphological, electrical, mechanical, magnetic, and thermal properties. Measuring local current flow is one of the very important methods of evaluation for, for instance, photovoltaic materials or semiconductor structures and other nanodevices. Due to contact areas, the current densities can easily reach above 1 kA/m2; therefore, special detection/measurement setups are required. They meet the required measurement range, sensitivity, noise level, and bandwidth at the measurement scale. Also, they prevent the sample from becoming damaged and prevent unwanted tip–sample issues. In this paper, we present three different nanoscale current measurement solutions, supported with test results, proving their performance.
A Microscope Setup and Methodology for Capturing Hyperspectral and RGB Histopathological Imaging Databases
Authors: Rosa-Olmeda Gonzalo , Villa Manuel , Hiller-Vallina Sara , Chavarrías Miguel , Pescador Fernando , Gargini Ricardo
Published: August 2024

The digitization of pathology departments in hospitals around the world is now a reality. The current commercial solutions applied to digitize histopathological samples consist of a robotic microscope with an RGB-type camera attached to it. This technology is very limited in terms of information captured, as it only works with three spectral bands of the visible electromagnetic spectrum. Therefore, we present an automated system that combines RGB and hyperspectral technology. Throughout this work, the hardware of the system and its components are described along with the developed software and a working methodology to ensure the correct capture of histopathological samples. The software is integrated by the controller of the microscope, which features an autofocus functionality, whole slide scanning with a stitching algorithm, and hyperspectral scanning functionality. As a reference, the time to capture and process a complete sample with 20 regions of high biological interest using the proposed method is estimated at a maximum of 79 min, reducing the time required by a manual operator by at least three times. Both hardware and software can be easily adapted to other systems that might benefit from the advantages of hyperspectral technology.
Variations in External and Internal Intensities and Impact of Maturational Age on Soccer Training Tasks
Authors: García-Ceberino Juan Manuel , Cantonero-Cobos José Manuel , Conde Cristina , Fernández-Ozcorta Eduardo José
Published: August 2024

During peak height velocity, adjusting training intensity is crucial for optimizing performance and minimizing injury risk. This cross-sectional study compares external and internal intensities in different training tasks (analytical tasks, small-sided games, and training matches) and analyzes their effect on the maturation age of young players. Fifty-five U-15 and U-16 boys from two soccer clubs in southwestern Spain were monitored using inertial movement units and heart rate monitors to report training intensities. Anthropometric data and birthdates were collected to estimate maturation age. The Friedman test and Durbin–Conover post hoc test identified specific differences between groups, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients assessed variable impacts. Training matches showed significantly higher distance covered, maximum and average speed, and average heart rate compared to small-sided games and analytical tasks. High-intensity actions and sprints were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) during training matches compared to analytical tasks and during small-sided games compared to analytical tasks. Player load per minute was significantly highest (p < 0.05) during training matches, followed by small-sided games, and lowest in analytical tasks. Positive correlations between maturational age and high-intensity actions, accelerations, and decelerations indicated higher intensity (p < 0.05) in more mature players. A negative correlation between player load per minute and maturational age suggested more efficient intensity management in mature players. These findings highlight the importance of considering biological maturation and training task variability in youth athletes’ development.
Assessment of the Film-Free Water Decal Method for Speckle Pattern Application in Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Sanchez Anna Camille , Kim Dong-Keon
Published: August 2024

Digital Image Correlation (DIC) often encounters challenges with variability and consistency in traditional speckle pattern application techniques, such as spray-painting, affecting measurement accuracy and reliability. This study evaluates a film-free water decal method as an alternative for applying speckle patterns in DIC. SS275 structural steel specimens were prepared with speckle patterns using both the film-free water decal method and traditional spray-painting. The quality of the speckle patterns was assessed, and their effectiveness for DIC was evaluated through tensile testing and a comparison with strain gauge measurements. The film-free water decal method provided enhanced control over speckle pattern application, resulting in high-quality, consistent patterns. Strain measurements obtained using this method closely matched those from traditional methods, confirming its reliability. The film-free water decal method offers a practical and reliable alternative to spray-painting, improving the consistency and accuracy of DIC experiments, with potential applications in various engineering and scientific fields.
A Cascaded Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning-Based Resource Allocation for Cellular-V2X Vehicular Platooning Networks
Authors: Narayanasamy Iswarya , Rajamanickam Venkateswari
Published: August 2024

The platooning of cars and trucks is a pertinent approach for autonomous driving due to the effective utilization of roadways. The decreased gas consumption levels are an added merit owing to sustainability. Conventional platooning depended on Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC)-based vehicle-to-vehicle communications. The computations were executed by the platoon members with their constrained capabilities. The advent of 5G has favored Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) to adopt Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) in platooning paradigms by offloading the computational tasks to the edge server. In this research, vital parameters in vehicular platooning systems, viz. latency-sensitive radio resource management schemes, and Age of Information (AoI) are investigated. In addition, the delivery rates of Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAM) that ensure expeditious reception of safety-critical messages at the roadside units (RSU) are also examined. However, for latency-sensitive applications like vehicular networks, it is essential to address multiple and correlated objectives. To solve such objectives effectively and simultaneously, the Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (MADDPG) framework necessitates a better and more sophisticated model to enhance its ability. In this paper, a novel Cascaded MADDPG framework, CMADDPG, is proposed to train cascaded target critics, which aims at achieving expected rewards through the collaborative conduct of agents. The estimation bias phenomenon, which hinders a system’s overall performance, is vividly circumvented in this cascaded algorithm. Eventually, experimental analysis also demonstrates the potential of the proposed algorithm by evaluating the convergence factor, which stabilizes quickly with minimum distortions, and reliable CAM message dissemination with 99% probability. The average AoI quantity is maintained within the 5–10 ms range, guaranteeing better QoS. This technique has proven its robustness in decentralized resource allocation against channel uncertainties caused by higher mobility in the environment. Most importantly, the performance of the proposed algorithm remains unaffected by increasing platoon size and leading channel uncertainties.
Phosal® Curcumin-Loaded Nanoemulsions: Effect of Surfactant Concentration on Critical Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Czerniel Joanna , Gostyńska Aleksandra , Przybylski Tomasz , Stawny Maciej
Published: August 2024

Curcumin is a well-known and widely used substance of natural origin. It has also been found to be helpful in the treatment of liver diseases. Unfortunately, curcumin has very low bioavailability and a sensitivity to external agents. Improving these parameters is the subject of many studies. One way to overcome these problems may be to use Phosal® Curcumin as a source of curcumin and encapsulate this dispersion into a nanoemulsion using different types and concentrations of surfactants and co-surfactants, thus manipulating the physicochemical parameters of the nanoemulsion. The present study aimed to develop curcumin-loaded nanoemulsions for intravenous administration and to investigate the effect of Kolliphor HS15 concentration on their critical quality attributes. Methods: Phosal® Curcumin-loaded nanoemulsions with different concentrations of Kolliphor HS15 were prepared by high-pressure homogenization. The effect of Kolliphor HS15 on emulsion physicochemical properties such as mean droplet diameter (MDD), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), osmolality (OSM), and pH, as well as encapsulation efficiency (EE) and retention rate (RR) of curcumin, were determined. Mid-term stability studies and short-term stress tests were conducted to evaluate the impact of Kolliphor HS15 on the critical quality attributes of the curcumin-loaded nanoemulsions stored under various conditions. Results: Five nanoemulsions with increasing Kolliphor HS15 concentrations were developed. Their MDD ranged from 85.2 ± 2.0 to 154.5 ± 5.1 nm, with a PDI from 0.18 ± 0.04 to 0.10 ± 0.01 and ZP from −15.6 ± 0.7 to −27.6 ± 3.4 mV. Depending on the concentration of Kolliphor HS15, the EE ranged from 58.42 ± 1.27 to 44.98 ± 0.97%. Conclusions: The studied parameters of the developed nanoemulsions meet the requirements for formulations for intravenous administration. Using the appropriate concentration of Kolliphor HS15 allows for a formulation that presents a protective effect against both curcumin and emulsion degradation.
A Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology to Identify and Explore Mechanism of Bioactive Components of Fucus vesiculosus against Gut Disorders
Authors: Anjum Varisha , Bagale Uday , Kadi Ammar , Potoroko Irina
Published: August 2024

The gut is an intricate and diverse organ system for investigating visceral pattern generation. The gut made an early evolutionary breakthrough. There is evidence that the molecular mechanisms governing the development of gastrointestinal patterns are species-specific. Some have suggested using marine drugs to treat gastrointestinal disorders. The study, which used an integrated network pharmacology approach, aimed to find out how well fucoidan worked and what Fucus vesiculosus might be doing to help prevent digestive problems. Researchers gathered information on how potential bioactive components of brown seaweed and their associated targets interact with the disease gene targets of gastrointestinal disorders. We studied the signaling pathways linked to F. vesiculosus in the context of gut health treatments using a KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway) and GO (Gene ontology) enrichment analysis. We built and studied the protein–protein interaction (PPI) and compound-target networks using Cytoscape. PPI network analysis yielded a total of 44 important targets, including BCL2, ESR1, and STAT3. The KEGG enrichment analysis revealed a strong correlation between the signaling pathways used in the treatment and the prevention of gastrointestinal disorders. We docked significant genes with TNF, STAT3, BCL2, and ALB. Fucoxanthin and fucoidan possess beneficial properties for improving gut health by treating gastric-intestinal issues. This study showed that by controlling several targets and many pathways with multiple components, F. vesiculosus exhibited preventive effects against gastrointestinal disorders.
New Globalization and Energy Transition: Insights from Recent Global Developments
Authors: Chatzinikolaou Dimos , Vlados Charis Michael
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the combined impacts of certain geopolitical and geoeconomic shifts on the global energy transition, focusing on developments related to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreements. The New Globalization Scenario Matrix (NGSM) and a correlative SWOT analysis in transnational terms are utilized to understand and conceptualize potential future global trends in the emerging new globalization. Findings suggest that the examined contemporary global events may enhance the overall performance of the global system, thereby accelerating energy transitions. Consequently, a re-envisioned approach to the International Political Economy (IPE) of energy is proposed, blending repositioned realism and liberalism to foster a realistic and innovative new global liberalism.
Initiatives of Female Empowerment in Computing Implemented at the High School Level: A Systematic Mapping
Authors: Braga Ramayane Bonacin , São Bernardo Mirelle Amaral de , Farias Sara Luiz de , Santana Thalia Santos de , Sousa Marcos de Moraes
Published: August 2024

Gender disparities in technology are evident, and affirmative actions are necessary to increase female representation. This article is part of an umbrella project that systematically maps related studies and aims to understand the current literature on initiatives to attract girls to high school through female empowerment projects in computing. Through a systematic literature mapping (SLM), we identified studies published between 2017 and 2022 that were available in databases and search engines, namely ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore Library, Scopus, and SBC Open Lib. Only primary studies returned in an automated search process were considered, without combining them with other search strategies. A priori, 264 articles were returned with the application of a search string and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 61 articles were selected. Of this number, 41 projects were named in the articles that describe activities involving high school. To answer the established research questions, it was found that the studies discussed projects implemented in secondary education in the Americas, Europe and Africa, indicating the importance of expanding these initiatives to other territories, increasing female participation in information technology and promoting gender equality, which is aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 5) of the United Nations 2030 Agenda.
Longitudinal Relationships of Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Muscular Fitness with Body Fatness in Preschoolers
Authors: Reisberg Kirkke , Riso Eva-Maria , Animägi Liina , Jürimäe Jaak
Published: August 2024

There is still insufficient knowledge about the potential benefits of physical activity and fitness or the adverse impact of sedentary behaviours on body composition at preschool age. Therefore, we aimed to study the relationships of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time (ST), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and muscular fitness (MF) with body fat percentage (BF%) in boys and girls. Participants were investigated twice: in the final year of kindergarten, when the boys’ median age was 7 years and the girls’ median age was 6 years (p = 0.240), and again in the first grade of school. MVPA and ST were measured with an accelerometer, BF% was derived from skinfold thicknesses, CRF was measured with a 20 m shuttle run test, and MF was represented by the mean z-scores from standing long jump and relative upper-limb strength. In girls, higher ST (β = 0.587, p = 0.021) and lower MF (β = −0.231, p = 0.009) at preschool age were related to higher BF% in the first grade of school after adjustment for confounders. MVPA and CRF in preschool children were unrelated to BF% in school among boys and girls. In conclusion, sitting less and having greater muscular fitness at preschool age appear to be beneficial for lower body fatness in the first grade among girls, but not in boys. MVPA and CRF at preschool age are unrelated to body fatness at school age in boys and girls. Our results indicate that girls may especially benefit from decreasing sedentary behaviours and increasing upper- and lower-limb muscular strength at preschool age for a healthy weight profile in the first grade of school.
How Is Tourism Geography Situated in Taiwan? Geography Versus Tourism and Recreation
Authors: Jiang Quanyue , Fang Weita , LePage Ben , Han Guosheng
Published: August 2024

Tourism geographers in Anglo-American geographical departments are transitioning into teaching and research tourism in applied schools and departments, such as business, resource and environment, and even cultural and creative industries. Because of pressure related to national research assessment and funding, tourism geographers are not encouraged to continue undertaking serious theoretical research related to their mother discipline, instead transitioning to conducting applied research and publishing in hybrid journals. Although such changes in tourism geographers’ research behavior are frequently discussed internationally, they have not been assessed and reported in academic contexts within Asia, particularly Taiwan. This study aimed to investigate the research behavior of tourism geographers regarding the differences between those who are staffed in geography departments and those who transition to applied departments such as tourism and recreation, resource and environment, and others. Their research behavior is examined in terms of publishing journals, paradigmatic approaches, research types, research methods, and geographical scales based on content analysis of articles published by tourism geographers in geography and tourism and recreation departments. The results revealed that there are significant differences in the research behavior of tourism geographers between different departments. Finally, this paper explains the differences in terms of Taiwan’s changing social and economic conditions, the academic traditions and politics of the geography and applied departments, the research habits and preferences of tourism geographers among departments, and other aspects. The findings can help international tourism geography academic circles understand the complexity and diversity of the tourism geography academic landscape of China.
Linking Energy Transition to Income Generation for Vulnerable Populations in Brazil: A Win-Win Strategy
Authors: Jean Wesly , Bursztyn Marcel , Bernal Nelson , Brasil Junior Antonio C. P. , Litre Gabriela , Nogueira Daniela
Published: August 2024

This article presents the modeling of a solar photovoltaic system connected to the grid in rural low-income communities living in the semiarid region of Brazil. The model is based on the premise that enough electrical energy will be generated locally to meet the household demand for electricity and to produce a surplus that can be sold on the grid. The main idea is that the sun, usually associated with severe droughts in the Brazilian semiarid region, can be transformed into social income while fostering energy autonomy. To model the system, the computational tools Photovoltaic Software (PVSyst7.3.1) and System Advisor Model (SAM) were used. Several configurations (cases) of systems were analyzed and associated with the evaluation of three commercial electricity scenarios, considering the local electricity rate (USD/kWh). A case study was conducted in the rural settlement of Jacaré-Curituba in the Brazilian semiarid region, where different estimated sale prices for the energy surplus were compared with traditional monthly cash transfers to poor families from the social welfare program “Bolsa Família”. The results indicate the viability of this model as an income alternative for low-income communities.
Insights from 20 Years (2004–2023) of Supply Chain Disruption Research: Trends and Future Directions Based on a Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Solari Federico , Lysova Natalya , Romagnoli Giovanni , Montanari Roberto , Bottani Eleonora
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the research trends in the literature about supply chain disruptions published over the last 20 years through a comprehensive review and keyword-based analysis. A sample of 4239 papers retrieved from Scopus was analyzed to identify the key themes covered and the shifts in time of those themes. The results highlight a significant rise in the number of publications on supply chain disruptions since 2021, reflecting the dynamic nature of supply chains and the need to adapt them to increasingly complex scenarios. The findings point out the importance of resilience and risk management but also the progressive shift toward technological innovations and digital tools, as a means to enhance supply chain robustness and sustainability in response to recent global disruptions (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russia–Ukraine conflict, and the climate change). From the analyses carried out, interesting opportunities for future research directions are delineated. This study represents a unicum in the scientific literature in terms of the number of articles analyzed, the timespan, as well as the scientometric approach adopted. Finally, the paper highlights the main trends in the field of supply chain disruptions, providing valuable insights for future research activities.
Multi-Criteria Analysis of Coast Guard Resource Deployment for Improvement of Maritime Safety and Environmental Protection: Case Study of Eastern Adriatic Sea
Authors: Sunko Tomislav , Mladineo Marko , Kovačić Mirjana , Mišković Toni
Published: August 2024

European maritime states are facing increasing challenges that threaten national security, maritime traffic safety, and environmental protection: increasing maritime traffic, increase in nautical tourism, oil spills, migrant boats, drug smuggling, etc. The Coast Guard is one of the most important government agencies to respond to these challenges. However, the speed of response to incidents depends on the geographical and geostrategic deployment of Coast Guard resources, especially of its homeports. The main objective is to have the Coast Guard’s homeports as close as possible to the national border at sea so that the response time to an incident is as fast as possible. However, there are many other criteria that affect the selection of the maritime location of the Coast Guard homeport. These other criteria (security issues, logistic issues, hydrographic and oceanographic features, and similar) are often in conflict with geographical locations on small remote islands that are close to the state border at sea. Therefore, this research analyzed and proposed the criteria set used to assess the maritime locations that could be potential Coast Guard homeports. A large sample of experts has been interviewed to evaluate the proposed criteria set and to propose criteria weights, thus creating the multi-criteria analysis model for the improvement of the spatial distribution of Coast Guard resources. The proposed model is based on the PROMETHEE method and provides evaluation and ranking of the maritime locations in order to help the Government prioritize the development of the maritime locations into the homeports for the deployment of Coast Guard resources. The case study of the eastern Adriatic Sea with real-world maritime locations and data was used to test the proposed model. The results have shown that, with proper strategic planning of the deployment of Coast Guard resources, the sustainability, safety, and security of the sea and the coast can be increased.
Hazelnut Cultivation in the Campania Region: Environmental Sustainability of the Recovery of Pruning Residues and Shells through the Life Cycle Assessment Methodology
Authors: Pergola Maria , Maffia Angela , Picone Antonietta , Palese Assunta Maria , Altieri Gessica , Celano Giuseppe
Published: August 2024

Promoting sustainable agriculture is one of the challenges of our century. Thus, this research aimed to estimate the environmental sustainability of hazelnut cultivation in the Campania region (Southern Italy), both in quantitative and economic terms, by estimating the social cost of the pollution. The evaluation of the recovery of pruning residues and shells, from a circular economy perspective, represents the novelty of this paper. The lifecycle assessment methodology was used to analyze and compare twenty-one hazelnut systems that are very different from each other. The results showed that the impacts per kg of unshelled hazelnuts varied among the systems, depending on the impact category considered, and with respect to climate change, the lowest value was 0.32 kg CO2 eq (in BIO4 system), while the highest was 2.48 kg CO2 eq (in INT8 system). Moreover, organic management was more environmentally friendly for almost all impact categories, and ordinary cultivation techniques were the most impactful. Cultivation on embankments or terraced soils had a greater impact when compared to flat soils, especially due to the greater fuel consumption during farm–field transport. Emergency irrigation did not cause an increase in impact if the overall management was sustainable. In economic terms, the total cost of pollution of the agricultural phase varied from a minimum of EUR 0.11 per kg of hazelnuts to a maximum of EUR 0.70. Post-harvest operations up to vacuum packaging did not make any systems more impactful than others since their agricultural management was more sustainable than many others. In accordance with the objectives of the European Green Deal, the recovery of pruning material and shells on farms has proven to be very important for reducing impacts, especially if they are used to replace methane and diesel oil, hence the importance of pursuing this research to make hazelnut cultivation ever more sustainable.
Sustainable Well-Being and Sustainable Consumption and Production: An Efficiency Analysis of Sustainable Development Goal 12
Authors: Castellano Rosalia , De Bernardo Gabriella , Punzo Gennaro
Published: August 2024

The core objective of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 is to do more and better with less, increasing net well-being gains from economic activities by reducing resource use, degradation, and pollution along the whole lifecycle while simultaneously improving quality of life. This paper quantifies the level of achievement of sustainable consumption and production in terms of efficiency scores. Due to data envelopment analysis, it is possible to monitor progress towards SDG 12, identifying the best performers to take as examples and the fields in which there is room for improvement. Although interesting differences emerge in countries’ efficiency, the results show that the best performers are OECD members, partners, and accession candidates. This underscores the crucial role of the OECD in advancing national sustainable development objectives.
Recognition of Western Black-Crested Gibbon Call Signatures Based on SA_DenseNet-LSTM-Attention Network
Authors: Zhou Xiaotao , Wang Ning , Hu Kunrong , Wang Leiguang , Yu Chunjiang , Guan Zhenhua , Hu Ruiqi , Li Qiumei , Ye Longjia
Published: August 2024

As part of the ecosystem, the western black-crested gibbon (Nomascus concolor) is important for ecological sustainability. Calls are an important means of communication for gibbons, so accurately recognizing and categorizing gibbon calls is important for their population monitoring and conservation. Since a large amount of sound data will be generated in the process of acoustic monitoring, it will take a lot of time to recognize the gibbon calls manually, so this paper proposes a western black-crested gibbon call recognition network based on SA_DenseNet-LSTM-Attention. First, to address the lack of datasets, this paper explores 10 different data extension methods to process all the datasets, and then converts all the sound data into Mel spectrograms for model input. After the test, it is concluded that WaveGAN audio data augmentation method obtains the highest accuracy in improving the classification accuracy of all models in the paper. Then, the method of fusion of DenseNet-extracted features and LSTM-extracted temporal features using PCA principal component analysis is proposed to address the problem of the low accuracy of call recognition, and finally, the SA_DenseNet-LSTM-Attention western black-crested gibbon call recognition network proposed in this paper is used for recognition training. In order to verify the effectiveness of the feature fusion method proposed in this paper, we classified 13 different types of sounds and compared several different networks, and finally, the accuracy of the VGG16 model improved by 2.0%, the accuracy of the Xception model improved by 1.8%, the accuracy of the MobileNet model improved by 2.5%, and the accuracy of the DenseNet network model improved by 2.3%. Compared to other classical chirp recognition networks, our proposed network obtained the highest accuracy of 98.2%, and the convergence of our model is better than all the compared models. Our experiments have demonstrated that the deep learning-based call recognition method can provide better technical support for monitoring western black-crested gibbon populations.
The Fibrotic Phenotype of Human Precision-Cut Lung Slices Is Maintained after Cryopreservation
Authors: Marimoutou Méry , Patel Vivek , Kim Jae Hun , Schaible Niccole , Alvarez Jose , Hughes Joseph , Obermok McKenzie , Rodríguez Carlos Iván , Kallarakal Thomas , Suki Béla , Amin Khalid , Krishnan Ramaswamy , Behrsing Holger Peter
Published: August 2024

Human precision-cut lung slices (hPCLS) prepared from fibrotic lungs recapitulate the pathophysiological hallmarks of fibrosis. These hallmark features can also be induced by treating non-fibrotic hPCLS with a fibrotic cocktail (FC). As a result, the fibrotic and fibrosis-induced hPCLS are rapidly emerging as preferred models for disease modeling and drug discovery. However, current hPCLS models are limited by tissue viability in culture, as they are usually only viable for one week after harvesting. Here, we demonstrate that the fibrotic hPCLS can be cryopreserved, stored for months, and then thawed on demand without loss of hPCLS viability or protein content for 14 days post-thawing. Cryopreservation also preserves the pro-fibrotic potential of non-fibrotic hPCLS. Specifically, when we treated the thawed non-fibrotic hPCLS with an FC, we observed significant pro-fibrotic cytokine secretion and elevated tissue stiffness. These pro-fibrotic changes were inhibited by the small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Nintedanib. Taken together, our work indicates that a feasible solution to prolong the pre-clinical utility of fibrotic and fibrosis-induced hPCLS is cryopreservation. We anticipate that cryopreserved hPCLS will serve as an advantageous predictive model for the evaluation of pro-fibrotic pathways during acute and chronic toxicity testing.
The Effect of a TLR3 Agonist on Airway Allergic Inflammation and Viral Infection in Immunoproteasome-Deficient Mice
Authors: Schaunaman Niccolette , Nichols Taylor , Cervantes Diana , Hartsoe Paige , Ferrington Deborah A. , Chu Hong Wei
Published: August 2024

Allergic asthma is characterized by increased type 2 inflammation, including eosinophils. Subjects with allergic asthma have recurrent symptoms due to their constant exposure to environmental allergens, such as house dust mite (HDM), which can be further exacerbated by respiratory infections like rhinovirus. The immunoproteasome (IP) is a proteolytic machinery that is induced by inflammatory mediators during virus infection, but the role of the IP in airway allergic inflammation during rhinovirus infection remains unknown. Wild-type (WT) and IP knockout (KO) mice were challenged with HDM. At 48 h after the last HDM challenge, mice were infected with rhinovirus 1B (RV-A1B) for 24 h. After HDM and RV-A1B treatment, IP KO (vs. WT) mice had significantly more lung eosinophils and neutrophils, as well as a significantly higher viral load, but less IFN-beta expression, compared to WT mice. A TLR3 agonist polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) treatment after RV-A1B infection in HDM-challenged IP KO mice significantly increased IFN-beta expression and reduced viral load, with a minimal effect on the number of inflammatory cells. Our data suggest that immunoproteasome is an important mechanism functioning to prevent excessive inflammation and viral infection in allergen-exposed mice, and that Poly I:C could be therapeutically effective in enhancing the antiviral response and lessening the viral burden in lungs with IP deficiency.
Like a Rolling Stone? A Review on Spontaneous Clearance of Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Rzymski Piotr , Brzdęk Michał , Dobrowolska Krystyna , Poniedziałek Barbara , Murawska-Ochab Aleksandra , Zarębska-Michaluk Dorota , Flisiak Robert
Published: August 2024

Elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) without the need for medical intervention, known as spontaneous clearance (SC), occurs at a significantly lower rate than in the case of hepatitis B virus infection and only in selected individuals, such as reportedly in Keith Richards, a guitarist of The Rolling Stones. The present paper provides an updated narrative review of the research devoted to the phenomenon in order to identify and discuss the demographic, lifestyle-related, clinical, viral genotype-related, and host genetic factors underpinning the SC occurrence. The body of evidence indicates that the likelihood of SC is decreased in older individuals, men, Black people, HIV-coinfected subjects, and intravenous drug and alcohol users. In turn, HBV coinfection and specific polymorphism of the genes encoding interferon lambda 3 (particularly at rs8099917) and interferon lambda 4 (particularly at rs12979860) and HLA genes increase the odds of SC. Numerous other host-specific genetic factors could be implicated in SC, but the evidence is limited only to certain ethnic groups and often does not account for confounding variables. SC of HCV infection is a complex process arising from a combination of various factors, though a genetic component may play a leading role in some cases. Understanding factors influencing the likelihood of this phenomenon justifies better surveillance of high-risk groups, decreasing health inequities in particular ethnic groups, and may guide the development of a prophylactic vaccine, which at present is not available, or novel therapeutic strategies. Further research is needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms underlying SC and to explore potential interventions that could enhance this natural antiviral response.
Production, Passaging Stability, and Histological Analysis of Madin–Darby Canine Kidney Cells Cultured in a Low-Serum Medium
Authors: Cai Ming , Le Yang , Gong Zheng , Dong Tianbao , Liu Bo , Su Minne , Li Xuedan , Peng Feixia , Li Qingda , Nian Xuanxuan , Yu Hao , Wu Zheng , Zhang Zhegang , Zhang Jiayou
Published: August 2024

Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells are commonly used to produce cell-based influenza vaccines. However, the role of the low-serum medium on the proliferation of MDCK cells and the propagation of the influenza virus has not been well studied. In the present study, we used 5 of 15 culture methods with different concentrations of a mixed medium and neonatal bovine serum (NBS) to determine the best culture medium. We found that a VP:M199 ratio of 1:2 (3% NBS) was suitable for culturing MDCK cells. Furthermore, the stable growth of MDCK cells and the production of the influenza virus were evaluated over long-term passaging. We found no significant difference in terms of cell growth and virus production between high and low passages of MDCK cells under low-serum culture conditions, regardless of influenza virus infection. Lastly, we performed a comparison of the transcriptomics and proteomics of MDCK cells cultured in VP:M199 = 1:2 (3% NBS) with those cultured in VP:M199 = 1:2 (5% NBS) before and after influenza virus infection. The transcriptome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were predominantly enriched in the metabolic pathway and MAPK signaling pathway, indicating an activated state. This suggests that decreasing the concentration of serum in the medium from 5% to 3% may increase the metabolic activity of cells. Proteomics analysis showed that only a small number of differentially expressed proteins could not be enriched for analysis, indicating minimal difference in the protein levels of MDCK cells when the serum concentration in the medium was decreased from 5% to 3%. Altogether, our findings suggest that the screening and application of a low-serum medium provide a background for the development and optimization of cell-based influenza vaccines.
Correction: Mukherjee et al. Insights into the Scenario of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Male Reproductive Toxicity. Vaccines 2023, 11, 510
Authors: Mukherjee Anirban Goutam , Wanjari Uddesh Ramesh , Gopalakrishnan Abilash Valsala , Kannampuzha Sandra , Murali Reshma , Namachivayam Arunraj , Ganesan Raja , Renu Kaviyarasi , Dey Abhijit , Vellingiri Balachandar , Prabakaran D. S.
Published: August 2024

The authors would like to make the following corrections to this published paper [...]
Meanders on the Move: Can AI-Based Solutions Predict Where They Will Be Located?
Authors: Amini Hossein , Monegaglia Federico , Shakeri Reza , Tubino Marco , Zolezzi Guido
Published: August 2024

Meandering rivers are complex geomorphic systems that play an important role in the environment. They provide habitat for a variety of plants and animals, help to filter water, and reduce flooding. However, meandering rivers are also susceptible to changes in flow, sediment transport, and erosion. These changes can be caused by natural factors such as climate change and human activities such as dam construction and agriculture. Studying meandering rivers is important for understanding their dynamics and developing effective management strategies. However, traditional methods such as numerical and analytical modeling for studying meandering rivers are time-consuming and/or expensive. Machine learning algorithms can be used to overcome these challenges and provide a more efficient and comprehensive way to study meandering rivers. In this study, we used machine learning algorithms to study the migration rate of simulated meandering rivers using semi-analytical model to investigate the feasibility of employing this new method. We then used machine learning algorithms such as multi-layer perceptron, eXtreme Gradient Boost, gradient boosting regressor, and decision tree to predict the migration rate. The results show ML algorithms can be used for prediction of migration rate, which in turn can predict the planform position.
A Study on the Determination and Spatial Flow of Multi-Scale Watershed Water Resource Supply and Benefit Areas
Authors: Ma Xinping , Li Jing , Yu Yuyang
Published: August 2024

Based on the principle of water supply and demand flow and the natural flow of water, this paper analyzes the flow direction and discharge of water resources in the study area. In order to provide scientific and systematic implementation suggestions for regional water resource protection management and ecological compensation, a SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model was constructed to quantify the water resource supply of the upper Hanjiang River basin at three spatial scales: pixel, sub-basin, and administrative unit. The water demand at the three spatial scales was calculated using the LUCC (Land Use and Land Coverage) and water consumption index. The supply and benefit zones under different spatial and temporal scales were obtained. Simultaneously, this study uncovered the spatiotemporal dynamics inherent in water resource supply and demand, alongside elucidating the spatial extent and flow attributes of water supply. The ecological compensation scheme of water resource supply–demand was preliminarily determined. The findings indicate an initial increase followed by a decrease in both the water supply and demand in the upper reaches of the Han River, accompanied by spatial disparities in the water supply distribution. The direction of the water supply generally flows from branch to main stream. The final ecological compensation scheme should be combined with natural conditions and economic development to determine a reasonable financial compensation system.