bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Trend and Relationship between General Grant for Local Education and the Number of Students: Implications for the Statutory General Grant Rate of Jeju Special Self Governing Provincial Office of Education
Authors:   The Korean Society for the Study of Local Education Management, Ko Kyung Moo , Woo Myung Suk
Published: November 2023

During 2013-21, this study analyzed the trend of increase and decrease in the number of students, schools, classes, and teachers, which are measurement units for calculating General Grant for Local Education, and the relationship between General Grant and the number of students. Based on the analysis results, it was discussed whether the statutory rate of General Grant for Local Education ordinary subsidies of the Jeju Office of Education was appropriate. As a result of the analysis, first, Jeju's General Grant remained at 1.57% of the total amount of General Grant in most cases with some exceptions. Considering the increase of the number or proportion of students, classes, schools, and teachers, which are major measurement units for calculating General Grants, the statutory grant rate in Jeju, which has been fixed at 1.57% since 2007, should be raised. Second, as a result of estimating the relationship between General Grants and the number of students, students per class, and students per school with a fixed effect model, students per class and students per school had a significant effect on the size of General Grants. As the number of students per class decreased and students per school increased, the average General Grants increased. The decrease rate of the number of students per class in the Jeju Office of Education is lower than the national average, which seems to be due to insufficient educational finances. It might be necessary to increase General Grants of the Jeju Office of Education. As the rate of decrease in the number of students per school was lower than the national average, the effect of this decrease in General Grants is expected to be relatively small. Based on the research results, there is a high need to raise the statutory General Grant rate of Jeju Office of Education.
Comparative Analysis of Elementary School Teachers’ Job Competencies and Standards, Factors, and Indicators of Teacher Evaluation
Authors:   The Korean Society for the Study of Local Education Management, Jung Sungsoo , Park Sangmin
Published: November 2023

The teacher evaluation aims to evaluate teachers' job competencies with valid evaluation criteria and methods and to develop teachers' abilities by utilizing the results. Exploring and reflecting on teachers' teaching and behavior-guiding competencies in response to the changing educational environment and needs of the school context is necessary in that it can provide feedback for improving teachers' job competencies and expertise. This study examines job competencies required for elementary school teachers and compares evaluation standards, factors, and indicators of 2021 teacher evaluation for each city and province to identify whether the teacher evaluation criteria sufficiently include and evaluate elementary school teachers. The study explored prior research about teachers’ job competencies and analyzed the standards, factors, and indicators of teacher evaluation; then, compared through the lens of teaching and behavior-guiding competencies, and other competencies.
The results showed that the evaluation indicators of teaching and behavior-guiding used in each city and province were similar, and some cities and provinces made sense of using indicators considering the school context to evaluate job competencies. The study also found some evaluation indicators followed the prior indicators or modified some of the existing indicators. To sum up, it is recommended to identify and include the required teacher competencies in response to changing educational contexts as evaluation indicators. Moreover, given the different contexts of each school, the Ministry of Education should encourage each school and the office of education in each city and province to make sense of utilizing evaluation indicators and questions.
High prevalence of renal salt wasting induced by haptoglobin-related protein without signal peptide is linked to new syndrome of salt wasting in Alzheimer disease
Authors: Maesaka John K. , Imbriano Louis J. , Grant Candace , Miyawaki Nobuyuki
Published: November 2023

The subject of hyponatremia is undergoing significant changes after developing a more pathophysiologic approach that is superior to the ineffective volume approach and can more effectively identify the different causes of hyponatremia. This new approach identified cerebral salt wasting (CSW) in 24 (38%) of 62 hyponatremic patients from the medical wards of the hospital with 21 showing no evidence of cerebral disease to support our proposal to change CSW to renal salt wasting (RSW). RSW had to be differentiated from the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) because of diametrically opposite therapeutic goals of water-restricting water-logged patients with SIADH or administering salt water to volume-depleted patients with RSW. Both syndromes present with identical clinical parameters that require a difficult protocol to make such a differentiation possible. We describe rat clearance studies demonstrating natriuretic activity in the plasma of patients with neurosurgical and Alzheimer diseases (AD) and eventually identify the protein as haptoglobin-related protein without signal peptide, which can serve as a biomarker to simplify diagnosis of RSW and delivery of the proper management to improve clinical outcomes. We also discuss the introduction of a new syndrome of RSW in AD and its implications. The high prevalence of RSW and identification of the natriuretic factor have created debates over the existence of RSW with none questioning or addressing the pathophysiologic data that identified patients with RSW. We also discuss the potentially large group of patients with RSW who are normonatremic.
Technology for the use of liquefied petroleum gas as the main type of fuel for engines operating on the diesel cycle
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Razumov P. A.
Published: November 2023

The article discusses the use of liquefied petroleum gas (propane) as the main type of fuel for internal combustion engines operating on the diesel cycle. There has been worked out a technology of the application of this gas, with the main feature being the supply of a mixed fuel of liquefied petroleum gas and an ignition dose of diesel fuel, in proportions of 80-85 % and 15-20 % respectively, from a single fuel tank through the original high-pressure fuel pump and mechanical nozzles without additional installation of gas fuel injectors. The use of this technology makes it possible to reduce the fuel costs, and, consequently, transportation costs for all goods and services, as well as ensure environmental safety even for old vehicles. The cost of converting a diesel engine to use propane as the main fuel is an order of magnitude lower than that of gas-diesel counterparts using compressed natural gas.
Substantiation of the need of improving the methodology of training and evaluation of road transport specialists
Authors:   Academy of Transport Technologies, Rasskazov S. D.
Published: November 2023

In this work, the author presents a review of works aimed at evaluating the modern personnel market for motor transport enterprises. The requirements for the personnel of motor transport are considered. The skills of specialists are analyzed, which is done according to the final tests results at an accredited site located on the basis of an educational institution. The issue of demonstration examination as the most optimal method of assessing the professional training of specialists to work at a motor transport enterprise is considered. The author substantiates the need to improve the methodology for training and retraining of specialists and personnel of road transport enterprises, and regards a forecast of the needs of road transport enterprise employees who have graduated from secondary vocational training institutions and have no work experience yet at the enterprise. A method of improving the professional training of motor transport enterprise employees who have no work experience is proposed.
Changes in the mechanical properties of sandy soils subjected to contamination with petroleum products
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kvashuk A. V.
Published: November 2023

The article presents an analytical review of existing published studies of domestic and foreign authors on the change in the mechanical properties of sandy soils as a result of contamination with oil or various types of oil products during the operation of oil industry facilities. The author analyzes the changes of such mechanical characteristics of sandy soil as specific adhesion, internal friction angle and deformation modulus depending on the type of pollutant and its percentage (concentration) in the soil composition.
Organization of inspection of buildings and structures for further use
Authors:   Far Eastern State Agrarian University, Burchik V. V. , Kuzmich N. P. ,   Far Eastern State Agrarian University
Published: November 2023

The problems of the technical condition of real estate objects and their inspection are relevant everywhere. In this regard, the survey of existing, unfinished, abandoned real estate objects is important for their further use in the economy of the region, with a minimum number of additional investments for design and construction. The purpose of the article is to study the order of inspection of buildings and structures, as well as to determine the directions of use of these objects after assessing their technical condition. The article formulates and specifies the procedure for the inspection of buildings and structures, as well as regards the associated risks.
Modeling of the ground water infiltration process into sewer pipelines using the ANSYS CFX software
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kuzmin V. D. , Verkhoturov V. P. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Sankov M. A. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the development of models of groundwater infiltration processes into sewer pipelines using the ANSYS CFX program. Using the finite element method, the program allows implementing a simulation of the filtration process through a slit hole in the pipeline wall. Various cases of the location of the hole and the inflow of groundwater to it are regarded, as well as possible options for setting the porous domain. The models obtained make it possible to visualize the process of groundwater inflow, evaluate quantitative indicators of the inflow of infiltration waters into drainage systems, and assess the speeds and flow rates of the infiltered liquid.
Effectiveness of using blast-furnace slag for treatment of acid effluents of mining and industrial complex enterprises
Authors:   South Ural State University, Samodolov A. P. , Ulrikh D. V. ,   South Ural State University, Lonzinger T. M. ,   South Ural State University, Denisov S. E. ,   South Ural State University
Published: November 2023

The article considers the possibility of using blast-furnace slag to treat acid mine drainage of mining and industrial complex enterprises from various pollutants, and in particular, from heavy metals. There was studied sorption capacity of blast furnace slag with respect to heavy metals from acidic wastewater, its physical and chemical properties and composition. The structure and composition of the surface of the studied material were examined using a JEOL JSM-6460 LV electron microscope with an attachment for micro-X-ray spectral analysis, and the chemical composition of the sorbate and its changes depending on the research conditions were studied using atomic emission spectrometer OPTIMA 2100DV with inductively coupled plasma. Analysis on the electron microscope has shown that the blast-furnace slag samples have a porous structure with the pore diameter of 0.15-0.88 µm. There has been determined the sorption capacity of the blast-furnace slag in static conditions with varying temperatures.It has been found out that the effectiveness of wastewater treatment with the use of blast-furnace slag varies from 71 to 100 % in static conditions and from 5 to 100% in dynamic conditions depending on the nature of the cations of the metals in the wastewater, the sorbate temperature, and filtration speed. In the process of sorption, there occurs alkalinization of wastewater. In the dynamic testing mode, the pH index raises from 2.38 to 3.33-3.39 at consumption of sorbate of 0.6-2.64 l/per hour and up to 5.62 at the at sorbate consumption of 0.3 l/per hour.
“Park-Assistant” - parking assistance system for a road train
Authors:   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Abramov A. M. , Petrov N. B. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University
Published: November 2023

Almost daily drivers of road trains (RT) have to maneuver in cramped conditions, including moving in reverse, which is a significant difficulty. The existing electronic parking sensors systems are implemented only for single cars. The available publications concerning the RT are devoted to the search for optimal control algorithms without the driver participation. The purpose of this study is to develop «Park Assistant» (PA) system that helps the driver to maneuver the RT in reverse in difficult conditions. To do this, using the «navigation system», the current situation is estimated and modeled, the initial coordinates of the RT and the planned parking place are determined. Using the mathematical model of the RT, the trajectory of the «optimal movement of the tractor and semi-trailer» is calculated. The optimal trajectory of the RT in reverse and the steering wheel rotation algorithm are calculated using a specially developed program. The actions of the driver to perform the parking maneuver of the RT are reduced to the implementation of recommendations on the screen of the PA. The theoretical and practical results obtained contribute to the development of promising autonomous motor transport.
Polymorphonuclear-Mononuclear Ratio in Peripheral Blood as Hematologic Malignancy Predictor in Pancytopenia
Authors: Meyliza Indah , Suparyatmo JB. , Ariningrum Dian
Published: November 2023

Pancytopenia is a laboratory finding of decreased hematological cells characterized by hemoglobin of <13.5 g/dL for males or <11.5 g/dL for females, leukocytes of <4x109/L and platelets of <150x109/L. The data from Dr. Moewardi Hospital reported 56 cases of pancytopenia in 2020. Follow-up tests such as reticulocyte test, Bone Marrow Puncture (BMP), or bone marrow biopsy are needed to determine the cause of pancytopenia. This study aimed to assess the performance of the Pm/M ratio of peripheral blood as a screening instrument to predict the cause of pancytopenia. A cross-sectional study was carried out on pancytopenia patients undergoing laboratory tests at the Clinical Pathology Laboratories of Dr. Moewardi Hospital from January 2020 to June 2021. The cut-off point of the Pm/M ratio was determined by ROC and AUC curves. The results were presented in a 2x2 table. The Pm/M ratio <0.91 as a predictor of hematological malignancy had a sensitivity of 82.9%, specificity of 82.9%, PPV 82.9, NPV 82.9%, LR positive 4.833 and LR negative 0.207. The Pm/M ratio can be used as a screening biomarker to predict the cause of pancytopenia before performing BMP and to distinguish between hematological malignancy and non-hematological malignancy.
Fluoroscopy-guided fine-needle aspiration of deep-seated pulmonary masses in dogs and cats appears safe and accurate
Authors: Jacob Frédéric
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE

Deep-seated pulmonary lesions can be difficult to sample safely. The objective of this study was to determine the relative safety and accuracy of fluoroscopy-guided fine-needle aspiration of deep-seated pulmonary lesions regardless of their size and depth.

ANIMALS

Client-owned animals; 5 dogs and 5 cats.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

Pulmonary lesion locations were determined on dorsoventral and lateral views using fluoroscopy. The lateral thoracic wall was aseptically scrubbed, and an indelible marker was used to mark the point of entry of the needle for sampling. The path of a 22-gauge needle attached to a syringe was followed using fluoroscopic guidance. Mass volume (Vma) and distance from skin and pleura to lesion (DSK-L and DPL-L) were recorded.

RESULTS

In dogs, mean Vma was 137.2 cm3 (range, 6.3 to 426.2 cm3). Mean DSK-L was 71 mm (range, 37 to 101 mm) and DPL-L was 33 mm (range, 16 to 71 mm). Exfoliative cytology results were consistent with carcinoma in 4 dogs and lymphoma in 1 dog. A minor postprocedural complication was noted in 1 dog. In cats, the mean Vma was 2.4 cm3 (range, 1.6 to 3.7 cm3). Mean DSK-L was 42 mm (range, 20 to 75 mm) and DPL-L was 21 mm (range, 12 to 32 mm). Cytology results were consistent with pulmonary carcinoma in 2 cats, inflammation in 2 cats, and necrotic debris in 1 cat.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Fluoroscopy-guided fine-needle aspiration of pulmonary masses is a safe and accurate technique to obtain cytologic samples irrespective of the size and depth of the lesions.
Akurasi Pemeriksaan Kato-Katz dan Mini-Flotac Dalam Diagnosis Kecacingan pada Feses Segar dan Feses Awetan
Authors: Iqbal Maulana , Triana Dessy , Rizqoh Debie , Gunasari Lala Foresta Valentine , Umar Liya Agustin
Published: November 2023

Soil transmitted helminth (STH) penyebab infeksi kecacingan dengan insiden 24% pada populasi di dunia. Diagnosis infeksi STH dapat dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan feses secara mikroskopis dengan metode Kato-Katz sebagai baku emas dan metode Mini-Flotac. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis akurasi hasil pemeriksaan feses menggunakan metode Kato-Katz dan metode Mini-Flotac pada feses awetan formalin 10%. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan studi observasional dengan uji diagnostik. Subjek pada penelitian berjumlah 140 sampel feses awetan formalin 10% selama 13 bulan. Pemeriksaan spesimen feses awetan menggunakan metode Kato-Katz dan Mini-Flotac serta diamati dengan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Data analisis dilakukan dengan uji T. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar sampel feses awetan terinfeksi Ascaris lumbricoides dengan metode Kato-Katz (34,28%) dan Mini-Flotac (41,42%), dan infeksi Trichuris trichiura dengan metode Kato-Katz (15,71%) dan Mini-Flotac (22,85%). Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara metode Kato-Katz dan Mini-Flotac dalam mendeteksi infeksi Ascaris lumbricoides (p=0.96) dan Trichuris trichiura (p=0,76). Metode Mini-Flotac dapat menjadi alternatif dalam diagnosis infeksi STH.
ETHNIC IDENTITY OF THE POPULATION OF SAMARA AND THE SAMARA REGION: MAIN FEATURES AND IMPORTANCE IN EDUCATION OF ETHNIC TOLERANCE
Authors:   Samara State Social Pedagogical University, Sharapov V.V. , Sidoryakin R.V. ,   Samara State Social Pedagogical University
Published: November 2023

The proposed research presents the results of the study of the peculiarities of ethnic identity of the population of Samara and the Samara region, analyzes and highlights its influence on the formation of the ethnic tolerance and self-awareness of the residents of this region. The article contains a general outline of the main provisions of existential social work. Ethnic identity within the framework of the article is interpreted as a socio-psychological category, as a dynamic and multidimensional formation, which characterizes the feeling (implicit component) and awareness (explicit component) of a person as a member of a certain ethnic group/community. In accordance with this interpretation, the purpose of the study was to identify socio-psychological determinants that determine the formation of the ethnic identity of the population of Samara and the Samara region. According to the results of the conducted research with the participation of 300 respondents representing 6 ethnic groups (Russians, Mordva, Chuvash, Tatars, Kazakhs and Armenians) and 2 territories of residence (the city of Samara and other settlements). Samara and other settlements of the Samara region), and the use of 5 diagnostic techniques (“Draw a planet”, “Unfinished sentences”, “Semantic differential”, “Who am I”, “Social distance scale”) it was found that in general among the representatives of the population of Samara and the Samara region the tendencies of ethno-relativism dominate. This is determined by the maintenance of a positive image of representatives of different ethnic groups, efforts to form regional self-awareness (relatively higher importance of the role of a resident of the Samara region in the structure of social roles), as well as educational and pedagogical efforts to increase ethnic tolerance in the region (adequate social distance between ethnic groups). In addition, some differences in the type of the ethnic identity and the expression of socio-psychological formation in representatives of different ethnic groups living on the territory of Samara and the Samara region have been established. Prospects for further psychological, pedagogical and socio-psychological efforts to foster ethnic tolerance in a multi-ethnic region are identified.
ЦИФРОВЫЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ РЕСУРСЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ИНОЯЗЫЧНОЙ КОММУНИКАТИВНОЙ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ С УЧЕТОМ ПОЛИВАРИАНТНОСТИ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
Authors:   Bunin Yelets State University, Puzatykh A.N.
Published: November 2023

The relevance of the study is due to the need to speak English not only in situations of social and professionally oriented contexts, but also the need to communicate with representatives of various linguistic communities and cultures, taking into account linguistic and extralinguistic features, i.e., in the context of the polyvariability of the English language. The purpose of this article is to consider digital educational tools that allow you to form a foreign language communicative competence, taking into account the polyvariability of the English language. The research methods are the analysis and generalization of works in the field of methods of teaching English; methods of data collection and accumulation; analysis of electronic resources on the use of digital tools. The results of the study are: resources that allow you to practice listening skills and get acquainted with different versions of the sound of the English language, for example, Cockney or Yorkshire are analyzed; digital tools for developing speaking skills are considered, as well as resources where one can work out the skills of perceiving English speech of post-colonial and non-post-colonial countries. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that in order to master successfully the English language, it is necessary to take into account its polyvariability. It is not enough just to master the normative option. You also need to be aware of other language variants. Certain digital tools are suitable for this, allowing you to learn English taking into account linguistic and extralinguistic features. The results of this study can be used by foreign language teachers both at the language departments of universities and non-linguistic specialties. In addition, those who study English on their own can use these digital resources.
LEADING PRINCIPLES OF MENTORING LEARNERS
Authors:   Voronezh State Pedagogical University, Polenyakin I.V.
Published: November 2023

Mentorship, as one of the types of mentoring activities in the educational sphere, is currently a promising direction of pedagogical influence, expanding the possibilities of personal development of students and optimizing the professional competence of teachers. Mentorship aims all subjects of this process at non-directive, co-evolutionary interaction, which creates an effective developmental environment for obtaining/updating knowledge, skills and abilities, expands the range of self-development of each individual. This circumstance can act as a powerful trigger for expanding the classical format of educational impact on students and stimulates the growth of professional skills of teachers. In this regard, it is important for the scientific community to study in depth the specifics of the principles used in the process of mentoring students. An important point in building a successful, effective mentor’s (teacher’s) work with mentees (students) seems to us to be the nuances of the accents of interaction, which are based, of course, on the basic principles of the personality-oriented and activity-based approaches applicable to the educational sphere. At the same time, it is the nuance, the specificity of the principles realized in mentoring that determines their peculiarity, which affects the effectiveness of the mentor’s work with students. The purpose of this article is to analyze the peculiarities of the leading principles of mentoring interaction, to emphasize the vector of the direction of mentoring influence in the system “teacher-students”. The methods of obtaining theoretical data presented in the article were the general ways of analyzing and synthesizing the information available in scientific practice concerning the problem of leading principles of mentoring. The article presents scientific data related to the substantiation of the peculiarities of the leading principles of mentoring. This information will help to expand the understanding of the essence of mentoring work of a teacher with students.
APPLICATION OF COMPUTER EDUCATIONAL GAMES IN HIGHER LEGAL EDUCATION (AN EXPERIMENT EXPERIENCE)
Authors:   Southwest State University, Chebotareva I.N. , Pashutina O.S. ,   Southwest State University, Lyaskovets A.V. ,   Southwest State University
Published: November 2023

The article analyzes the cognitive effect of the use of computer educational games in the future lawyers training at university. The relevance of studying this issue is due to the search for modern higher education of optimal educational practices that allow one to achieve the goals it faces. The authors of the article put forward a hypothesis that computer educational games have a significant cognitive effect. The article describes an experiment aimed at establishing the cognitive result of using a game in the educational process when conducting classes with students of the Faculty of Law from the subjective (students’ opinion) and objective (teachers’ opinion) points of view. For this purpose, in their own pedagogical practice, the authors use the computer educational game “Criminal Case” developed by them, designed to train lawyers’ professional competencies of an investigator. The authors conduct a study in which, using the methods of pedagogical observation, interviewing, questioning, as well as the method of expert assessments, they evaluate the ability of a computer educational game, using the example of the game “Criminal Case”, to train a student the professional competencies of an investigator. The results obtained during the experiment confirmed a high cognitive effect of the use of computer educational games in teaching lawyers, both in the opinion of students, who indicated that they acquired new knowledge, systematization of existing knowledge after training through the game, and in the opinion of teachers, based on objective data from the results of testing students to determine their level of knowledge. As a result, the authors formulate the conclusion that computer educational games have many positive qualities that affect both the acquisition of theoretical knowledge and practical skills, and therefore they can successfully supplement traditional forms of education. The results of the study can be used to study this issue further.
БІНАРНІ ЗАНЯТТЯ У ПРОЦЕСІ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ОНП “ПРАВО” В НАУКОВО-ДОСЛІДНОМУ ІНСТИТУТІ ВИВЧЕННЯ ПРОБЛЕМ ЗЛОЧИННОСТІ ІМЕНІ АКАДЕМІКА В.В. СТАШИСА НАПрН УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Батиргареєва Владислава , Ворожбіт-Горбатюк Вікторія , Євтєєва Дарина
Published: November 2023

У статті автори презентували досвід організації і проведення бінарних занять для здобувачів третього освітньо-наукового рівня вищої освіти галузі знань 08 – право, спеціальності 081 – “право” у Науково-дослідному інституті вивчення проблем злочинності імені академіка В.В. Сташиса НАПрН України.

Описано досвід створення мотивуючого середовища для здійснення фундаментальних і прикладних досліджень для забезпечення прав і свобод людини, протидії злочинності, якісної підготовки фахівців для наукової і викладацької діяльності у науковій установі. У статті зазначено, що бінарне заняття має особливу поетапну організацію, інтегрований характер змісту і методики проведення. З опорою на висновки досліджень Z. Bekzhanova, K. Ryssaldy, C. Drinko виокремлено етапи бінарного заняття: організації, зосередження на цілях і очікуваних результатах, енергетичний.
Mach Number and Heating Effects on Turbulent Supersonic Jets
Authors: Georgiadis Nicholas J. , Wernet Mark P. , Locke Randy J. , Eck Dennis. G.
Published: November 2023

Modern experimental techniques were used to obtain detailed aerodynamic and thermodynamic data for turbulent supersonic jets. Operating points from the work of Seiner et al. for heated Mach 2 jets were used as a starting point for the matrix of cases examined here using a geometrically similar Mach 2 nozzle. Two additional nozzles were examined having design Mach numbers of 1.36 and 1.63. For each Mach number, multiple jet temperatures were investigated. Jet measurements were first made with stagnation pressure and temperature probes for comparison to the previous experiments. The experiments focused on modern nonintrusive measurement techniques, including particle image velocimetry for mean and root-mean-square (rms) velocities, and rotationally resolved Raman scattering spectroscopy for mean and rms temperatures. Experimental results showed that as jet Mach number increases, the overall jet mixing rate decreases, as indicated by the potential core length, downstream mean velocities, and turbulence levels. Similar behavior was observed in the mean temperatures and rms temperatures. The suppression of turbulence as the jet Mach number increases is due to compressibility. For a fixed jet Mach number, increasing the jet temperature resulted in faster mixing by all measures. Peak turbulent stress levels, located along the lipline of the jet, demonstrated trends in individual stress components that differed depending on whether jet Mach number or temperature was varied, but indicated that the turbulence structure parameter [Formula: see text] was very similar when varying either jet temperature or Mach number.
Development of Latvian Insurance Contract Law Under the Influence of European Union Law
Authors:   University of Culture and Economics, Rīga, Latvia, Alfejeva Jeļena
Published: November 2023

The aim of the article is to analyse the process of application of the Insurance Contract Law in Latvia in 2018 and topropose amendments to this law to eliminate the ambiguities and shortcomings therein. This article examines thedevelopment of insurance contract law in Latvia in the light of the entry into force of the renewed law regulating thesecontractual relations, the Insurance Contract Law, in 2018. The main methods used were analysis and synthesis, scien-tific induction and deduction, comparative method and observation. Analysing the problems in the practical applicationof the renewed law, the author concludes that prima facie the renewed law needs to be clarified in certain parts andproposes solutions.
The importance of judicial cooperation in criminal matters in the European Union with a special focus on countering EU threats and crime more effectively
Authors:   Ministery of Justice, Department of International Cooperation, Latvia, Muraru-Kļučica Jūlija
Published: November 2023

This article’s main aims are to explore, consider and analyse various sources of law to identify the essence and im-portance of the established judicial cooperation system in the European Union (EU) for effective countering of EUthreats and crime. During the research, various sources of European Union Law, case law, constitutional law, etc. wereexplored and considered, by using the analysis method as well as the comparative and synthesis methods. The articlereviews the development of the existing system of judicial cooperation in criminal matters in the EU demonstrating theimportance of the mutual trust involved in the combating of cross-border crime in the EU. Further, it assesses the ef-fectiveness of the existing institute of judicial cooperation in criminal matters in view of combating cross-border crime,in addition to demonstrating the current normative system in the field of judicial cooperation in criminal matters of theEU and its connective side with national criminal justice systems. The main research results highlight the necessity forsupplementing the legal framework of judicial cooperation in criminal matters with a clear definition of the followingterms: cross-border crime and offences with a foreign element, as well as the term foreign element in the context ofjudicial cooperation in criminal matters; the results also shed light on the fact that it is essential to adopt a new legalframework on the transfer of criminal proceedings. Finally, for more effective cooperation among Member States, it isnecessary to approach a common way of the interpretation of the legal acts facilitating correct application and imple-mentation of judicial cooperation in criminal matters instruments in the EU.
The impact of Lower Standard of Proof in Proceedings Regarding Criminally Acquired Property
Authors:   ADVSR, Rīga, Latvia, Ņikiforovs Andrejs , Saukāne Larisa ,   EKA University of Applied Sciences, Rīga, Latvia
Published: November 2023

In this article, the author highlights the connection between using lower standard of proof in proceedings regardingcriminally acquired property and the possible risk of forfeiture of a person’s legally acquired property. Loopholes in thelegal regulation allow the possibility of unreasonably restricting property rights of a person without establishing wheth-er such a restriction is justified and proportionate. This study analyses the Latvian and foreign literature to understandthe true reason for having lower standard of proof in respect of figuring out the nature of criminally acquired propertyand also analyses certain Latvian court decisions to subject property of unknown origin to confiscation in the absenceof evidence of a direct connection between property and illicit action. The aim of this study is to analyse the negativeimpact of lower standard of proof on protection of property right in specific criminal procedure cases. The main meth-ods used in this study were analytical, comparative, inductive and deductive methods. The result of this study showshow legally acquired property may be put under doubt and be confiscated by the State under lower standard of proofwithout specific guarantees.
Light electric vehicles have come to stay (problems and regulation in Estonia and Latvia)
Authors:   University of Tartu, Estonia, Kaugia Silvia , Lall Annika ,   Retired Police Lieutenant Colonel, Estonia
Published: November 2023

The aim of this article is to create a comparative map of the problems related to light electric vehicles in Estonian andLatvian traffic management and outline some of the planned innovations to their traffic laws. The research problem ofthe article is to find out the main reasons why accidents involving light electric vehicles are so often and so serious.The main methods used are comparative analysis and interpretation of statistical data. The research results concludethat drivers of light cyclists often have poor driving skills, traffic rules are broken when riding a light cyclist in pairs andthere are more drunk drivers among light cyclists compared with other groups of road users. The lack of roads for lightelectric vehicles and the poor quality of the roads used are also major problems.
Métodos de validação de cenários de simulação realística para o ensino na saúde: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Vasconcelos Lennon Soares Mesquita Cavalcante de , Araújo Talita Vasconcelos Moura , Sá Lara Lemos de , Monteiro Ítalo Gustavo Lima , Silva Júnior José Gonzaga da , Beltrão Beatriz Amorim , Peixoto Raquel Autran Coelho , Peixoto Junior Arnaldo Aires
Published: November 2023

Objetivo: Avaliar as possibilidades de validação de cenário de simulação no ensino em saúde disponíveis na literatura. Examinar as diferenças entre as estratégias de validação de cenário. Métodos: Foi efetuada revisão de literatura consistindo na busca de artigos das bases de dados na PubMed Central, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) em Março/2023 na busca pela resposta da pergunta "Qual a forma mais adequada para validação de cenário de simulação?". Os artigos foram pesquisados por palavras chaves e evidenciaram 353 artigos que após rigorosa seleção resultaram 8 artigos relevantes. Resultados: Embora os estudos revisados tenham fornecido insights valiosos sobre as formas de validação de cenários de simulação em saúde, algumas limitações devem ser consideradas como pequeno número de artigos identificados. A validação dos cenários pode ser influenciada pela quantidade e disponibilidade dos juízes para avaliação. Considerações finais: Este estudo de revisão integrativa identificou opções para a validação de cenários de simulação realística no ensino de saúde. A realização de mais estudos de validação por docentes e pesquisadores possibilitará melhorias no uso de cenários de simulação realística e o incremento na formação de profissionais de saúde.
Eagle syndrome: An updated review
Authors: Pagano Serena , Ricciuti Vittorio , Mancini Fabrizio , Barbieri Francesca Romana , Chegai Fabrizio , Marini Alessandra , Marruzzo Daniele , Paracino Riccardo , Ricciuti Riccardo Antonio
Published: November 2023

Background:

This work aims to review the current literature and our experience on vascular Eagle syndrome (ES) that can present misleading clinical presentations and better understand the possible therapeutic strategies.

Methods:

We reviewed the existing literature on PubMed from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2022, including the sequential keywords “vascularANDEagle syndrome,” “vascularANDstyloid syndrome,” “vascularANDelongated styloid process,” “vascularANDstylocarotid syndrome,” and “Eagle syndromeANDcarotid artery dissection.”

Results:

38 vascular ES cases, including our experience, were analyzed. The most frequent clinical onset was hemiparesis (n21, 57%), but other regular clinical presentations were aphasia, loss of consciousness, amaurosis, headache, or a combination of the latter. Massive oral bleeding was reported only once in the literature before our case. Twelve patients were treated with only antiplatelet therapy, either single or double. Nine patients were treated with anticoagulation therapy only. In 14 patients, a carotid artery stent was used, associated with anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy. In 17 cases, a styloid process (SP) resection was performed.

Conclusion:

ES has many clinical presentations, and carotid artery dissection resulting in oral bleeding seems rare. Literature results and our experience make us believe that when dealing with vascular ES, the best treatment strategy is endovascular internal carotid artery stenting with antiplatelet therapy, followed by surgical removal of the elongated SP to prevent stent fracture.
DNA Mimic Foldamer Recognition of a Chromosomal Protein
Authors: Deepak Deepak , Corvaglia Valentina , Wu Jiaojiao , Allmendinger Lars , Huc Ivan
Published: November 2023

Helical aromatic oligoamide foldamers bearing anionic side chains that mimic the overall shape and charge surface distribution of DNA were synthesized. Their interactions with chromosomal protein Sac7d, a non-sequence-selective DNA-binder that kinks and packages DNA, were investigated by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), Circular Dichroism (CD), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, as well as by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The foldamers were shown to bind to Sac7d better than a DNA duplex of comparable length. The interaction is diastereoselective and takes place at the DNA-binding site. Crystallography revealed that the DNA-mimic foldamers have a binding mode of their own and that they can bind to Sac7d without being kinked.
Crystal Polymorph Search in the NPT Ensemble via a Deposition/Sublimation Alchemical Path
Authors: Nessler Aaron , Okada Okimasa , Kinoshita Yuya , Nishimura Koki , Nagata Hiroomi , Fukuzawa Kaori , Yonemochi Etsuo , Schnieders Michael
Published: November 2023

The formulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients involves discovering stable crystal packing arrangements, or polymorphs, each of which has distinct pharmaceutically relevant properties. Traditional experimental screening techniques utilizing various conditions are commonly supplemented with in silico crystal structure prediction (CSP) to expedite the crystallization process and mitigate risk. Most predictions are finalized using advanced classical force fields or quantum mechanical calculations that accurately depict the potential energy surface, but do not fully incorporate temperature, pressure or solution conditions during the search. This study proposes an innovative alchemical path that utilizes an advanced polarizable atomic multipole force field to predict crystal structures based on sampling from the NPT ensemble. The use of alchemical (i.e., nonphysical) intermediates, a novel Monte Carlo barostat, and an orthogonal space tempering bias combine to enhance sampling of the deposition/sublimation phase transition and promote an efficient search. The proposed algorithm was applied to 2-((4-(2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl)phenyl)amino)benzoic acid (Cambridge Crystallography Database Centre ID: XAFPAY) as a case study to showcase the theory, features and efficiency of this algorithm. All experimentally determined polymorphs with one molecule in the asymmetric unit were successfully reproduced via 1,000 short 1 nsec simulations. Utilizing two threads from a recent Intel® CPU (a Xeon® Gold 6330 CPU at 2.00 GHz) 1 nsec of sampling using the polarizable AMOEBA force field can be acquired in 4 hours (or 336 nsec/day using all 112 threads / 56 cores of the CPU). These results demonstrate a step forward in the rigorous use of the NPT ensemble during a CSP search process and opens the door to future algorithms that incorporate solution conditions using continuum solvation methods.
Geometry-adaptive catalysts for elevating towards the ideal oxygen electrocatalysis
Authors: Cepitis Ritums , Ivaništšev Vladislav , Rossmeisl Jan , Kongi Nadezda
Published: November 2023

This communication introduces the concept of geometry-adaptive electrocatalysis, where catalysts adjust their geometry during the reaction. A model system of metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) catalysts – the dual-atom site 2Co-N₄ of variable curvature – proves the concept at the Density Functional Theory level. Calculations show how combining the geometric curvature effect with a geometry-adaptive cycle bypasses the known fundamental limitation due to scaling relations. Thus, in theory, geometry-adaptive electrocatalysis offers a promising direction to address the current stagnation in the experimentally measured overpotential for oxygen evolution and reduction reactions. It also indicates the possibility of discovering the ideal oxygen electrocatalyst catalyst.
The role of epigenetic modifications in the formation of heterogeneous phenotypes in diabetes mellitus (a literature review)
Authors: Zinych O.V. , Shuprovych A.A. , Trofymenko O.M. , Komisarenko K.P.
Published: November 2023

This review article provides a summary and update on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in predisposition and progression of diabetes, analyzes the data concerning the cause-and-effect relationship between epigenetic changes and the emergence of distinct metabolic phenotypes. Extensive genetic research has enabled the isolation of a group of genes associated with a high risk of developing diabetes. However, numerous data point to the key role of so-called epigenetic modifications in the interaction between genes and the environment, which arise during ontogenesis based on the existing genotype under the influence of external factors. These modifications do not affect the primary DNA sequence, but influence gene expression through chemical modification and alteration of the secondary structure of DNA molecules and chromatin. Epigenetic mechanisms can program pathological phenotypes in subsequent generations. The main molecular mechanisms of epigenetic modifications are DNA methylation, histone and miRNA modification. Changes in the expression of genes that ensure the synthesis of key enzymes and regulatory molecules lead to disruption in the main signaling metabolic pathways. Deregulation of genes responsible for inflammatory, atherosclerotic and other pathological processes, in particular, leads to endothelial dysfunction and development of diabetic complications, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy. Hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, inflammatory factors are known as mediators in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Since epigenetic modifications are reversible, the methylation process can be influenced by exercise, dietary, lifestyle changes and pharmacological agents such as methyl group donors. For example, S-adenosylmethionine, through participation in methylation reactions, can modulate the folate cycle function and production of homocysteine, an endothelium-toxic substance. Thus, the study of molecular modifications in chromatin structure and the features of activation and inhibition of various signaling pathways is a pressing task, the resolution of which will enable a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of diabetes and the development of approaches to correct metabolic disorders.
Outbreak of Corynebacterium diphtheriae among asylum seekers in Belgium in 2022: operational challenges and lessons learnt
Authors: Jacquinet Stéphanie , Martini Helena , Mangion Jean-Paul , Neusy Sarah , Detollenaere Aurélie , Hammami Naïma , Bruggeman Lien , Hoorelbeke Bart , Pierard Denis , Cornelissen Laura
Published: November 2023

Since 2022, European countries have been facing an outbreak of mainly cutaneous diphtheria caused by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae among asylum seekers. In Belgium, between 1 March and 31 December 2022, 25 cases of toxigenic C. diphtheriae infection were confirmed among asylum seekers, mostly among young males from Afghanistan. Multi-locus sequence typing showed that most isolates belonged to sequence types 574 or 377, similar to the majority of cases in other European countries. The investigation and management of the outbreak, with many asylum seekers without shelter, required adjustments to case finding, contact tracing and treatment procedures. A test-and-treat centre was organised by non-governmental organisations, the duration of the antimicrobial treatment was shortened to increase compliance, and isolation and contact tracing of cases was not possible. A vaccination centre was opened, and mobile vaccination campaigns were organised to vaccinate a maximum of asylum seekers. No more cases were detected between end December 2022 and May 2023. Unfortunately, though, three cases of respiratory diphtheria, including one death, were reported at the end of June 2023. To prevent future outbreaks, specific attention and sufficient resources should be allocated to this vulnerable population, in Belgium and at international level.