bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water Quality Status of Way Batanghari River, Metro City, Lampung Province Based on Water Fit for Consumption Parameters
Authors: Vifty Octanarlia Narsan  , Dimas Ario Setiawan  , Astari Rukmana  , Rindi Ratna Dewi  , Suci Anjarwati  , Resi Suhendri
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The need of water fit for consumption will continue to be sustainable along with the increasing human population, so we need a source of clean water that suitable for consumption. Therefore, this study aims to determine the water quality status of the Way Batanghari river based on an analysis of the feasibility of potable water. Methods: This research used survey method and water sampling in the Way Batanghari tributary, Metro City, Lampung using the consecutive sampling method. Results and Discussion: The physical parameters which include water color exceeds the 50 TCU and indicates the odor of ammonia. The chemical parameters which include COD were 63.5 mg/L (4th class) upstream, 59.3 mg/L (4th class) downstream. DO values upstream were 4.36 mg/L (1st class), 2.83 mg/L (3rd class) downstream. The phosporus value shows a number of 0.54 mg/L (2nd class). pH parameter which shows a value of 7.1 on the upstream, 6.6 on the downstream. Found species from class of Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae as parameters of pollution. Conclusion: Based on Regulation of the Minister of Health, Republic of Indonesia Number 492 of 2010, this river has color and odor of water shows that indicates not meet the requirements for consumption.
Assessment of Bacterial Contaminants Associated with Hygiene Behaviour in Thai Tea Sold on the Roadside Around Educational Area, Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: Asril Muhammad , Rini Ika Agus , Rismawati Rismawati , Yuspiah Eka Fitriani , Ananta Muhammad Isa , Ivanka Tarra , Agustin Revi , Putri Azisa Nabila
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Thai tea is one of the aromatic drinks widely sold around the Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Lampung, Indonesia. Bacteria often contaminate this drink due to unhygienic handling. The number and types of contaminating bacteria have yet to be widely reported, especially in Lampung province. This study aimed to detect various bacterial contaminants in Thai tea beverages sold on the road in the ITERA region and their relationship with the hygiene behavior of Thai tea sellers. Methods: The sampling technique used in this study involved accidental sampling by detecting microbes using the most probable number method and the specific medium. The number and types of bacteria were analyzed for diversity and correlated with the behavior of Thai tea sellers. Results and Discussion: Of the 50 Thai tea samples, coliform bacteria, and Pseudomonas sp. in all samples (100%), Aeromonas sp. (36%), Shigella sp. (68%), Escherichia coli (76%), and Salmonella sp. (8%). The highest concentration of pollution occurred in Sukarame District (SK). SK10 had the highest number of contaminants, namely, Pseudomonas sp. (2.96x103±165 CFU ml-1), E. coli (7.2x103±190 CFU ml-1), Shigella sp. (3.35x103±350 CFU ml-1) and Salmonella sp. (9.65x103±50 CFU ml-1). The poor quality of Thai tea is caused by unhygienic tea raw materials and the habits of the seller, who does not perform hygienic tasks during the preparation and use of Thai tea. Conclusion: All samples did not meet the requirements for the presence of bacteria in drinking water, based on regulation No.492/MENKES/Per/IV/2010 and World Health Organization.
Utilization of Lignocellulosic Waste as a Source of Liquid Smoke: A Literature Review, Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: Santiyo Wibowo  , Syafii Wasrin , Gustan Pari  , Elis Nina Herliyana
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Lignocellulosic biomass waste will become a problem for environmental health if not managed correctly. Biomass waste decomposition can produce methane gas which impacts climate change; it can also be a source of breeding pests and diseases. Various efforts have been made to utilize the waste so that it has an added economic value and is environmentally friendly. One of the waste utilization techniques is the carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass into charcoal and liquid smoke. Discussion: A literature review used the articles from Science Direct, Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Research Gate databases over ten years. This literature review paper aims to provide information on producing and utilizing liquid smoke and concludes with some suggestions on production and application. The literature review results show evidence that liquid smoke has been used since the time of the Neanderthals. Then, since the early nineteen century, liquid smoke has been applied in agriculture as plant growth, soil treatment, pesticide, antimicrobial, rubber coagulant/deodorizer, and antioxidant. Conclusion: A significant contribution of liquid smoke utilization is all lignocellulosic biomass waste that can be carbonized into charcoal and liquid smoke so that it can reduce waste problems. Therefore, liquid smoke can reduce the use of pesticides, herbicides, and insect repellents made from synthetic chemicals that can poison the environment. Not much research has been produced and utilized liquid smoke in the pyrolysis temperature stratification technique. So, there are still quite a lot of research opportunities for the diversification of liquid smoke production.
Current Diagnostic Possibilities for the Initial Forms of External Endometriosis
Authors: Blazhnova E. M. , Oganesyan A. T. , Ibrahimova A. R. , Balter R. B. , Ivanova T. V.
Published: August 2023

Background. Routine use of ultrasound methods does not always allow detecting endometriosis in the early stages. It is necessary to develop more accurate criteria for the diagnosis of endometriosis in its initial stages of development. Objective: to assess ultrasound and biological markers of endometriosis “small” forms of different localization in infertile women.

Material and methods. Ultrasound examination of 208 infertile patients with initial stages of external endometriosis (1–15 points by revised American Fertility Society (rAFS) classificatoon) was performed (main group). The control group consisted of 195 healthy women of childbearing age. To verify the diagnosis, it is suggested to use a panel of biomarkers, including interleukins (IL) 1β and 6, CA125, HE4 as well as the ROMA (Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm) index in the dynamics of the menstrual cycle.

Results. On ultrasound scans, 56 (94.9%) patients had small one- and two-sided ovarian cysts corresponding to endometriosis stage 1–2 (rAFS), and in 3 (5.4%) of them, the ultrasound result was questionable. Detectability during the initial ultrasound examination in the Douglas space was 76.9%, in the rest of cases the ultrasound picture was doubtful. Peritoneal endometriosis was detected only in 5 patients. In the remaining cases (88.9%), additional studies were necessary, including surgical (laparoscopy). The average content of CA125 in the main group on days 3–5 of the menstrual cycle was 42.6 (2.1) U/ml, on days 21–23 – 39.6(2.2) U/ml (p=0.32); in the control group, 5.1 (0.4) and 4.8 (0.7) U/ml, respectively (p = 0.71). The increase in CA125 in the main group was almost 8 times higher than in the control group, however, according to the indicators of HE4 and the ROMA index, statistically significant differences in the groups were not obtained. In the dynamics of the menstrual cycle, the content of ILs in the main group significantly decreased by days 21–23 of the cycle, while the content of CA125 and HE4 remained practically unchanged. Such sharp fluctuations of the considered biomarkers were not detected in the control group. However, even on days 21–23 of the cycle, the average content of ILs and CA125 in women of the main group remained statistically significantly higher than in the control group.

Conclusion. In infertile women with dubious ultrasound criteria of external endometriosis, the use of IL1β and IL-6, which stimulate the immune inflammatory response, as well as tumor markers CA125, HE4 and ROMA index allows to differentiate the disease in the initial stages.
Ladd’s Syndrome in Newborns
Authors: Zyuzina O. A.
Published: August 2023

Ladd’s syndrome is a violation of intrauterine intestinal rotation. The midgut remains fixed at one point at the origin of the superior mesenteric artery. As a result, conditions are created for the occurrence of a volvulus around the root of the mesentery and acute strangulation intestinal obstruction develops. Ladd’s syndrome includes three features: a high position of the caecum dome, duodenal hyperfixation, and lack of mesenteric fixation. In newborns, this condition is manifested by acute complete high strangulation intestinal obstruction, up to the development of shock. Examination for suspected Ladd’s syndrome should be comprehensive and include a survey abdominal radiography, abdominal ultrasound, gastric and duodenal radiography with oral contrast, irrigography. The article considers clinical cases of Ladd’s syndrome in newborns at the age of 3 and 5 days of life. Echograms made in B-mode using color Doppler sonography are presented. The high informativeness of ultrasound diagnostics for the detection of this syndrome in newborns with a clinic of bile vomiting is shown. In one of the observed cases, a pathognomonic echographic symptom of midgut volvulus was established (a whirlpool sign). In the second observation, a clearly defined vascular ring was not detected due to 180° torsion, which was subsequently confirmed intraoperatively.
Penerapan Metode Peramalan Double Exponential Smoothing Pada Indeks Harga Konsumen Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Alivia Ayudhi Asmaradana  , Edy Widodo
Published: August 2023

Indeks Harga Konsumen atau IHK adaIah sebuah indeks untuk perhitungan rata-rata perubahan harga dari suatu barang dan jasa yang dalam periode waktu tertentu yang dikonsumsi penduduk daIam kurun waktu tertentu. IHK adalah indikator yang digunakan dalam perhitungan infIasi dimana infIasi sangat berperan penting dalam perekonomian. Sehingga perubahan IHK akan mempengarui besar biaya hidup untuk barang dan jasa pada setiap penduduk. Selain itu, terjadinya inflasi atau deflasi dapat diketahui melalui IHK. MakaIah ini dibuat dengan tujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang masa depan kepada pemerintah daIam menetapkan kebijakan ke depannya. Data yang digunakan daIam peneIitian ini adalah IHK di Kota Yogyakarta pada bulan Januari 2014 hingga Februari 2022. Data IHK tersebut memilki pola data trend naik dimana data terus mengaIami kenaikan hingga Februari 2022. Namun, pada satu periode yaitu pada Januari 2020, nilai IHK Kota Yogyakarta mengaIami penurunan drastis dikarenakan adanya pandemi Covid-19. Kemudian dilakukan peramalan menggunakan metode DoubIe ExponentiaI Smoothing yang seIanjutnya dicari nilai kesalahan peramalan menggunakan perhitungan Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Didapatkan nilai peramalan IHK pada bulan Maret 2022 adalah 109.2964, dengan nilai MAPE sebesar 0.76%.  Nilai MAPE tersebut kurang dari 10% artinya dapat dikatakan bahwa peramaIan menggunakan metode Double Exponential Smoothing baik dan dapat digunakan.
Analisis Regresi Berganda pada Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Fisik Preservasi Jalan dan Jembatan Di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan
Authors: PRASMONO AMIMAH SHABRINA PUTRI , Atina Ahdika
Published: August 2023

Maksud penelitian ini ialah menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Kinerja Fisik Preservasi Jalan dan Jembatan di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat variabel rencana fisik dan realisasi fisik yang menjadi variabel independen, dan variabel kinerja fisik Balai Besar Pelaksanaan Jalan Nasional (BBPJN) Provinsi Sumatera Selatan merupakan variabel dependen. Tipe penelitian yang dipakai ialah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan korelasi. Tipe data yang dipakai ialah data sekunder berbentuk Laporan Progress Mingguan Preservasi Jalan dan Jembatan Wilayah IA (Sumatera) TA 2021 yang diperoleh dari Subdirektorat Preservasi Jalan dan Jembatan Wilayah IA. Metode analisis data yang diterapkan ialah analisis Regresi Linear Berganda. Didapatkan hasil pengolahan data dari regresi linear berganda yaitu. Dari persamaan yang diperoeh bahwa variabel Rencana Fisik dan Realisasi Fisik memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dalam mempengaruhi Kinerja Fisik BBPJN Sumatera Selatan Tahun 2021. Didapatkan koefisien determinasi sebesar 0.9096. Artinya, variabel rencana fisik dan realisasi fisik mampu menjelaskan variabel kinerja fisik sejumlah 90.69%, sementara itu sisanya sejumlah 9.31% diterangkan sama faktor lain yang tidak dituturkan dalam model.
EFEKTIVITAS SAVORING INTERVENTION TERHADAP WELL-BEING: STUDI META ANALISIS
Authors: Tri Kusuma Cita , Yudiarso Ananta
Published: August 2023

High well-being is a protective factor against mental illness and psychopathology. To improve welfare, positive psychological interventions can be carried out, one of which is by enjoying the intervention. Purpose of this review is to evaluate the savoring intervention experiments and determine the effectiveness of the savoring interventions which can be used as evidence based in the practice of increasing well-being. This research was conducted by identifying appropriate and relevant literature. Identified randomized controlled trial from inception starts from May 2022 through proquest, google scholar, semantic scholar, and scopus. This meta-analysis research shows the results of effectiveness of savoring intervention on well-being which are in the medium category. The savoring intervention must also be strengthened with other additional interventions so that the result of effectiveness in influencing a person's well-being becomes greater and more significant. Differences in participant characteristics and the amount of literature included in this study are the weaknesses of this study.
LOGOTERAPI EFEKTIF UNTUK MENURUNKAN TINGKAT DEPRESI: STUDI META-ANALISIS
Authors: Widiaratri Rosa Bany , Yudiarso Ananta
Published: August 2023

Depression is one of the problems in mental health that is currently experienced by many individuals around the world Logotherapy is a method of psychological intervention that focuses on self-empowerment through finding the meaning of one's life. This study aims to examine the level of effectiveness and impact of logotherapy in reducing the level of depression in individuals. This study used 13 studies of scientific journals that would test by meta-analysis technic. The main data used in this study were the number of participants (N), the average after the intervention (M), and the standard deviation (SD). Further testing involved the intensity of the number of intervention sessions given as a moderating variable. Based on the test results, logotherapy is effective in reducing the level of depression significantly with the effect size obtained through the random effect model g=-1.93, and the significance is <0.01. The presence of the intensity variable of the number of sessions did not have a large and significant impact on the ability of logotherapy to reduce the level of depression with a moderator effect size of g=-0.140.
DIGITAL STORYTELLING UNTUK KEMAMPUAN BAHASA ANAK
Authors: Solichah Novia , Hidayah Rifa
Published: August 2023

Language ability is one of the basic skills that must be trained from pre-school age. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the digital storytelling method to improve early childhood language skills. This study used a quasi-experimental design, pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. The subjects of this study were 30 students of RAMNU Citra Kartini which were divided into a control group and an experimental group. Measurement of language skills is done by means of a checklist of early childhood language skills. The results of the study were analyzed using the paired sample t-test technique with a Sig value. 0.000 (<0.05) and 0.092 (>0.05) respectively in the control and experimental groups with a large effect size value of 1.623, so the digital storytelling method is very effective for improving early childhood language skills and can be applied in learning early childhood language.
TEKNIK PERANTAIAN UNTUK KETERAMPILAN BERPAKAIAN PADA ANAK TUNAGRAHITA SEDANG
Authors: Rusli Rusdi , Istiqomah Istiqomah , Safitri Jehan
Published: August 2023

Children with moderate intellectual disabilities experiencing obstacles in academics, reading, and arithmetic, but can be educated to take care of themselves. One of the important adaptive behaviors for individuals to master is dressing skills and these skills can be improved by modifying behavior. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the application of the chaining technique in improving dressing skills in children with moderate mental retardation. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling with the criteria of children aged 6-11 years, experiencing problems in intellectual function in the IQ range of 35-55 (Binet's scale), inhibited in adaptive function, and unable to dress independently. Data collection techniques in this study used observation and interviews. The results indicate that there is a change in the level of dress skills in children with intellectual disabilities in the moderate category before and after applying the chaining technique.
Problematika Pemekaran Daerah: Tinjauan dari Pembentukan Undang-Undang Daerah Otonomi Baru di Papua
Authors: Maisari Rini
Published: August 2023

This article discusses a number of problems arising from the division of Papua into several new provinces. The background to this problem is the judicial review of laws that have been passed, the rejection from the people and the Papuan People's Council (MRP) as the cultural representation of indigenous Papuans, and the revision of the Papua Special Autonomy Law which is considered to reduce the role of the MRP and strengthen the role of the central government in carrying out expansion. The formation of the New Autonomous Region Law was considered to have taken place in a haste: the discussion was carried out for approximately 4 (four) hours and did not address the Problem Inventory List (DIM) from the DPD, thus it was considered to be implementing a Fast Track Legislation (FTL). This is a normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of the study indicate that, first, the problems that arise are that the expansion was not carried out with an in-depth study and did not pay attention to the characteristics of Papua which is a conflict area. The specificity of the division of Papua which eliminates the preparatory period is predicted to cause the Papua New Guinea to become an area that fails to develop due to the unpreparedness of Papua, especially in terms of financial and economic capabilities. Second, even though the Law on New Autonomous Region was implemented quickly, it does not mean implementing an FTL since FTL is not regulated in Indonesia and the FTL that applies in other countries is only to address emergency problems where there are no clear indicators that division is an emergency matter.
Penundaan Pemilihan Umum Menurut Sistem Hukum Indonesia
Authors: Marhaen Delpedro
Published: August 2023

The postponement of the 2024 General Elections, which was initiated by certain political elites some time ago, has received a negative response from the public through various protests. In fact, the issue of postponing the election has become a trending topic in the mass media and social media because apart from being considered undemocratic, it is also suspected that it does not have a strong legal basis, clear and unreasonable reasons as a condition for postponing an election. Based on these problems, this study examines whether postponing elections is possible in the Indonesian legal system? This is a normative juridical research with a statutory approach that examines legal materials of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and Law no. 7 of 2017 on General Elections as amended by Government Regulation in lieu of the Law (Perpu) No. 1 of 2022. The results of this study indicate that the postponement of elections cannot be justified in the Indonesian legal system since the 1945 Constitution does not regulate the postponement of elections so that the postponement of the elections for 2024 which was rolled out by the political elite recently has no strong legal reasons and is not justified in the legal system Indonesia.
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Justice Collaborator Dalam Pengungkapan Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan Berencana
Authors: Krisdayanti Aprillia
Published: August 2023

The focus of this research is the legal protection of justice collaborators for criminal act of murder in Indonesia in regards to the premeditated murder cases. The main objective is to identify the obstacles faced in providing legal protection for witnesses and victims of murder. The type of the research is normative juridical with statutory and conceptual approaches. The research results concluded that: First, the existence of a justice collaborator is crucial and hence sits under the spotlight in determining the existance of the case, the original timeline of the murder, what tools used by the killer, where the murder took place, to the point where the perpetrators involved in the murder were exposed so that the crime could be completed. Second, the obstacles found in the implementation of legal protection for justice collaborators are those contained in the provisions of the law, the institutional constraints, and the constraints on inter-agency cooperation.
Prediction of Covid-19 Cases in Central Java using the Autoregressive (AR) Method
Authors: Widodo Tangguh , Maghfiroh Siti , Brema Ginting Surya Haganta , Aryaputra Alif , Sudianto Sudianto
Published: August 2023

Since the beginning of the Covid-19 case in Indonesia in March 2020, more than 6 million confirmed cases had been confirmed. The rapid development of this case can be accessed through the covid19.go.id page. In Central Java province, confirmed cases as of July 6, 2022, reached 628,393 people, with the number of recovered patients reaching 594,783 people and the number of patients dying as many as 33,215 people. With this data, a prediction is needed to help the government anticipate an increase in Covid-19 cases in Central Java Province. This study aims to create a forecasting model using the Autoregressive (AR) method by optimizing the function parameters. Then Mean Squared Error (MSE) to analyze the results of forecasting data errors. The results are the best parameter functions on AR (30) with the smallest MSE. Furthermore, predictions are made from July 1 to August 30, 2022, showing an increase in cases
The Hidden Loopholes Undermining Photonic Quantum Nonlocality: Quantum Rayleigh Scattering and Time-Dependent Multi-Photon Pure States of Independent Photons
Authors: Vatarescu Andre
Published: August 2023

The locality condition of probabilities underpinning the derivation of Bell inequalities can be violated classically. The wave function collapse results in the factorization of quantum probabilities. It is possible to differentiate, locally, between ensemble probabilities of single detections with and without wave function collapse for the alleged quantum nonlocality. The theoretical concept of photonic quantum nonlocality cannot be implemented physically because of the quantum Rayleigh scattering of single photons. A distinction needs to be made between the correlation of individual, single measurements of pure states and the correlation of the ensemble states of the mixed states. The correlation operator of Pauli vector operators delivers the same probabilities of correlated detections of photons for both independent and multi-photon states as for ‘entangled’ states of photons. As single-photon sources are not needed, the design and implementation of quantum computing operations and other devices will be significantly streamlined.
ZnO Treatment on Mechanical Behavior of Polyethylene/Yellow Birch Fiber Composites When Exposed to Fungal Wood Rots
Authors: Agbozouhoue Kodjovi Kékéli , Koffi Demagna , Erchiqui Fouad , Barnabé Simon
Published: August 2023

Wood plastic composite usage and demands have increased due to chemical, and mechanical properties when compared to plastic materials. However, because of the possibility of structural and mechanical changes of the material when exposed to external environment more research needs to be done. In the present study yellow birch/HDPE composites materials made by injection molding were treated by zinc oxide and exposed to fungal rots. Mechanical properties of the composites were assessed by Tensile and Izod impact test. The impact energies of the samples loaded with 30 % ZnO-treated fibers and exposed to G. trabeum and T. versicolor decreased, compared to when samples were not treated with ZnO. The mechanical properties of all samples treated with ZnO and exposed to rot decreased which were reported as a decreased Young's modulus and impact energies. ZnO prevented mycelium proliferation which was nonexistent on samples. It has been noted that the decrease in mechanical properties of treated samples was due to NaOH used to dissolve the ZnO powder.
Experimental and DEM-CFD coupling investigations on the characteristics and mechanism of seepage erosion for cohesionless soil
Authors: Su Hui , Dai Da , Zhang Ting , Yang Jiaqi , Mu Zhiyong
Published: August 2023

Seepage erosion is one of the main reasons for the local collapse or instability of embankments. To investigate the characteristics and mechanism of seepage erosion for cohesionless soils, the model tests by using an independently developed seepage erosion device and the numerical simulations based on the Discrete Element Method-Computational Fluid Dynamics (DEM-CFD) coupling model were carried out. The results show that the seepage erosion process of the cohesionless soil can be characterized by four stages: stable seepage stage, fine particles upward migration stage, sand samples boiling stage, and erosion damage stage. The skeleton structure of soil sample under seepage flow is continually changed due to the loss of fine soil particles, which results in a significant decrease in the sample strength and may ultimately lead to the failure of the sample. The results of this study can provide references and bases for the design, construction, and long-term service of embankments or earth dams under the complex seepage condition, reducing the risk of seepage erosion.
Adaptive Control of M3C-Based Variable Speed Drive for Multiple PMSM-Driven Centrifugal Pumps
Authors: Mendoza-Becker Rodrigo , Travieso-Torres Juan Carlos , Díaz Matías
Published: August 2023

There has been growing interest in using permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) for pumping applications to improve energy efficiency. One promising approach for powering these motors in variable speed applications is using modular multilevel cascaded converters based on a Triple-Star Bridge Cell (M3C) due to their inherent fault tolerance capability. However, M3C converters require a more complex control system than simpler converters. For instance, A basic M3C control system for power transmission requires seventeen (17) PI controllers, whose adjustment depends on the M3C’s dynamical model parameters’ value knowledge needing extensive and time-consuming testing to obtain them. To solve this control system issue, we propose an adaptive M3C control system for variable speed drives powering multiple PMSM-driven centrifugal pumps that reduces the number of controllers to six (6). Furthermore, the proposal does not require knowledge of the converter, motor, or load parameters, making it more practical and versatile. The proposal introduces an ad-hoc hybrid passivity-based model reference adaptive controller in cascade with a passivity-based control. It has been validated through theoretical stability proof and comparative simulation results with a basic control system under normal and fault operations. As a result, the proposal effectively follows the required rotor speed while enhancing performance by decreasing the current consumption and recovering from a 10% input phase imbalance, a cell short circuit, and an open cell.
The Interplay between Mitochondrial dysfunction and Ferroptosis during Ischemia-associated Central Nervous System Diseases
Authors: Tian Heyan , Huang Boyang , Nie Huifang , Chen Xiangyu , Zhou Yue , Yang Tong , Cheng Shaowu , Mei Zhigang , Ge Jinwen
Published: August 2023

Cerebral ischemia, which is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, sets off a chain of molecular and cellular pathologies that are associated with some central nervous system (CNS) disorders, mainly including ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy and other CNS diseases. In recent times, despite significant advancements in the treatment of the pathological processes underlying various neurological illnesses, effective therapeutic approaches specifically targeted at minimizing the damage of such diseases remain absent. Remarkably, ischemia causes severe damage to cells in Ischemia-associated CNS Diseases. Cerebral ischemia initiates oxygen and glucose deprivation, which subsequently promotes mitochondrial dysfunction, including MPTP opening, mitophagy dysfunction, and excessive mitochondrial fission, triggering various forms of cell death, such as autophagy, apoptosis, as well as ferroptosis. Ferroptosis, a novel type of regulated cell death (RCD), is characterized by iron-dependent accumulation of lethal reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis both play critical roles in the pathogenic progression of Ischemia-associated CNS Diseases. In recent years, growing evidence has indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction interplays with ferroptosis to aggravate cerebral ischemia injury. However, the potential connections between mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis in Cerebral Ischemia have not yet been clarified. Thus, we analyze the underlying mechanism between mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis in Ischemia-associated CNS Diseases. We also discovered that GSH depletion and GPX4 inactivation cause lipoxygenase activation and calcium influx following cerebral ischemia injury, resulting in MPTP opening and mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, dysfunction in mitochondrial electron transport and an imbalanced fusion-to-fission ratio can lead to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and iron overload, which further contribute to the occurrence of ferroptosis. This creates a vicious cycle that continuously worsens cerebral ischemia injury. In this study, our focus is on exploring the interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis, which may offer new insights into potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of Ischemia-associated CNS Diseases.
Phylogeographic Description of Histoplasma capsulatum, United States
Authors: Bagal Ujwal R , Gade Lalitha , Benedict Kaitlin , Howell Victoria , Christophe Natalie , Gibbons-Burgener Suzanne , Hallyburton Sara , Ireland Malia , McCracken Stephanie , Metobo Alison Keyser , Signs Kimberly , Warren Kimberly A. , Litvintseva Anastasia P , Chow Nancy A
Published: August 2023

Histoplasmosis is one of the most underdiagnosed and underreported endemic mycoses in the United States. Histoplasma capsulatum is the causative agent of this disease. To date, molecular epidemiologic studies detailing the phylogeographic structure of H. capsulatum in the United States have been limited. We conducted genomic sequencing using isolates from histoplasmosis cases reported in the United States. We identified North American Clade 2 (NAm2) as the most prevalent clade in the country. Despite high intra-clade diversity, isolates from Minnesota and Michigan cases predominately clustered by state. Future work incorporating environmental sampling and veterinary surveillance may further elucidate the molecular epidemiology of H. capsulatum in the United States and how genomic sequencing can be applied for surveillance and outbreak investigation of histoplasmosis.
Youth Employment and Dynamics in Rural Non-Farm Enterprises (RNFE) in Ethiopia
Authors: Tegebu Fredu Nega , Seid Edris Hussein
Published: August 2023

Using LSMS-ISA panel data, we analyzed determinants of diversification into Rural Non-Farm Enterprises (RNFEs) and dynamics of the sector by studying the transition between farming and both low- and high-return RNFEs. We found that diversification into RNFE is determined by household characteristics mainly age and gender of the household head, whereas initial capital endowments such as assets, human capital, land and livestock significantly affect level of participation than entry into RNFE. Furthermore, analysing dynamics of RNFE separately for the youth and matured households, our study finds that continuous participation in RNFE is higher among the youth than among matured households. Similarly, initial capital endowments mainly educational level and access to credit are important factors for the youth to transit to high return RNFE, implying that entrepreneurial skills development and access to finance that enhance investments and gradual accumulation of capital are vital for the youth to benefit from RNFEs. Moreover, shocks that affect agricultural productivity are significant in increasing the probability of transition out of high-return RNFE signifying the need for social protection measures to ensure growth of RNFEs.
Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ag/Fe3O4/Cellulose Nanocrystals Nanocomposite as Highly Active Catalyst for 4-Nitrophenol and Toxic Organic Dyes
Authors: An Vu Nang , Hoa Le Thi Ngoc , Thang Phan Bach , Hieu Le Van
Published: August 2023

Novel effluent treatment solutions for dangerous organic pollutants are crucial worldwide. In recent years, chemical reduction using noble metal-based nanocatalysts and NaBH4, a reducing agent, has become common practice for eliminating organic contaminants from aquatic environments. We suggest a straightforward approach to synthesizing magnetic cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) modified with magnetite (Fe3O4) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as a catalyst for organic contamination removal. Especially, Ag NPs were decorated on the CNC surface without reducing agents or stabilizers by reducing AgNO3. XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, VSM, BET, and zeta potential tests characterized the Ag/Fe3O4/CNC nanocomposite. The nanocomposite's catalytic activity was tested by eliminating 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and organic dyes methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) in an aqueous solution at 25 oC. The Ag/Fe3O4/CNC nanocomposite reduced 4-NP and decolored these hazardous organic dyes in short time (2 to 5 min) using a tiny amount of catalyst (2.5 mg for 4-NP and 15 mg for MO and MB). The magnetic catalyst was removed and reused three times without losing catalytic activity. This work shows that the Ag/Fe3O4/CNC nanocomposite can chemically reduce harmful pollutants in effluent for environmental applications.
Anxiety-Related Signaling through Rnd2 Is Associated with Inhibition of Oligodendroglial Differentiation, Which Is Recovered by the Citrus Flavonoid Hesperetin
Authors: Fukatsu Shoya , Miyamoto Yuki , Oka Yu , Ishibashi Maki , Shirai Remina , Ishida Yuki , Endo Shin , Katoh Hironori , Yamauchi Junji
Published: August 2023

A number of recent discoveries suggest close links between anxiety- or probable relief-like behaviors and intracellular signaling molecules controlling morphogenesis in glial cells such as oligodendrocytes (oligodendroglial cells) in the brain, which have protective effects on neuronal cells. In the former behaviors, their intracellular signaling molecules include small GTPase members, some of which mediate cell morphological changes. Rnd2 is one such member, belonging to the Rho family of small GTPases. Despite the currently known functions of Rnd2, the precise roles of Rnd2 in cell morphogenesis and related functions in health and disease states remain to be elucidated. Herein we show that signaling through anxiety-related loss of function of the rnd2 gene is related to the regulation of oligodendroglial cell morphological differentiation in the FBD-102b cell line, which is often utilized as oligodendroglial cell differentiation model. Knockdown of Rnd2 with the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CasRx system or RNA interference has been shown to inhibit morphological differentiation. Similarly, knockdown of Prag1 and Fyn kinase, signaling molecules acting downstream of Rnd2, also blunts differentiation. Rnd2 or Prag1 knockdown also decreases Fyn phosphorylation, which is critical for its activation and for oligodendroglial cell differentiation and myelination. Of note, hesperetin, a citrus flavonoid with protective effects on oligodendroglial cells as well as neuronal ones, can recover the defective differentiation induced by the knockdown of Rnd2/Prag1/Fyn. These results suggest that signaling through Rnd2/Prag1/Fyn is directly associated with normal oligodendroglial cell morphological differentiation. Deficiency of the signaling cascade is recovered by hesperetin, presenting one potential molecular construction underlying anxiety and possible therapeutic targets.
Polyphenols Analysis by LC-MS-ESI and Potent Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antimicrobial Activities of Jatropha multifida L. Extracts Used in Benin Pharmacopoeia
Authors: Dah-Nouvlessounon Durand , Chokki Michaelle , Agossou Essé A , Houédanou Jean-Baptiste , Nounagnon Martial , Sina Haziz , Vulturar Romana , Heghes Simona Codruta , Cozma Angela , Mavoungou Jacques François , Fodor Adriana , Baba-Moussa Farid , Suharoschi Ramona , Baba-Moussa Lamine
Published: August 2023

Jatropha multifida L. is a plant belong to Euphorbiaceae family used in Benin pharmacopoeia because of its medicinal properties. The objective of this work is to appreciate the therapeutic power of this plant through the evaluation of some of its biological activities. After the preliminary phytochemistry, the polyphenols and flavonoids were quantified and identified by the LC-MS-ESI. The antimicrobial power of the extracts was investigated by agar medium diffusion. The antioxidant power of the extracts was evaluated by the reduction of the DPPH radical, the ABTS radical cation, the feric ion (FRAP) and the lipid peroxidation (LPO). Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by inhibition of protein (albumin) denaturation. Indeed, different phenolic and flavonoid compounds namely, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid, o-Coumaroylquinic acid, Apigenin-apiosyl-glucoside, Luteolin-galactoside, Luteolin-glucoside, Luteolin-rhamnoside, Quercetin-glucoside, Quercetin-arabinoside, Dicaffeoyquinic acid, Kaempferol-rhamnoside were identify. The J. mutifida extracts has a bactericidal effect with reference strains of wich CMBs vary from 22.67 mg/ml (S. aureus, S. enteridis, L. monocytogenes and C. albicans) to 47.61 mg/ml (E. coli) and with the meat isolated strains (S. equorum, S. saprophiticus, S. haemoliticus, S. cohnii and S. lentus). Ethanolic extract show the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.72±0.03 mg/ml) while methanolic extract showed the highest ferric ion reduction (46.23±1.10 µgEAA/g). Contrary to the FRAP method, the reducing power with ABTS method of water-ethanolic extract was greater (0.49±0.11 mol ET/g). The same extract show the highest albumin denaturation inhibition power (97.31±0.35%) at 1000µg/ml. J. multifida extracts are rich in bioactive compound with good biological activity
SARS-CoV-2 in Domestic UK Cats from Alpha to Omicron: Swab Surveillance and Case Reports
Authors: Jones Sarah , Tyson Grace B. , Orton Richard J. , Smollett Katherine , Manna Federica , Kwok Kirsty , Suárez Nicolás M , Logan Nicola , McDonald Michael , Bowie Andrea , Filipe Ana , Willett Brian J. , Weir William , Hosie Margaret J.
Published: August 2023

Although domestic cats are susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2, the role of the virus in causing feline disease is less well defined. We conducted a large-scale study to identify SARS-CoV-2 infections in UK pet cats, using active and passive surveillance. Remnant feline respiratory swab samples, submitted for other pathogen testing between May 2021 and February 2023, were screened using RT-qPCR. In addition, we appealed to veterinarians for swab samples from cats suspected of having clinical SARS-CoV-2 infections. Bespoke testing for SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies was also performed, on request, in suspected cases. One RT-qPCR-positive cat was identified from the active surveillance (1/549, 0.18 %), during the Delta wave (1/175, 0.57 %). Passive surveillance detected one cat infected with the Alpha variant, and two of ten cats tested RT-qPCR-positive during the Delta wave. No cats tested RT-qPCR-positive after the emergence of Omicron BA.1 and its descendants although 374 were tested by active and eleven by passive surveillance. We describe four cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pet cats, identified by RT-qPCR and/or serology, that presented with a range of clinical signs, as well as their SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences. Our results demonstrate that, although uncommon, clinical infections in cats can and do occur.
Environmental Parameters and Carbon Sequestration Potential of Mangrove Forest in Kaingen Riverine Ecosystem, Kawit, Cavite, Philippines
Authors: Verano Gian Carlo , Buenafe Jhade , Tupas Kristia Mariae , Madla Jhianna Lou
Published: August 2023

Mangroves play an important role as a carbon sink and in mitigation of climate change. This study aimed to assess the anthropogenic activities, water and soil quality, mangrove diversity, and carbon sequestration potential of mangrove trees in the Kaingen River, Kawit, Cavite. The sampling period was conducted from November 2022 to March 2023 with the established three sampling sites. The DENR Administrative Order (DAO)- 2016-08 was used as a standard for water quality parameters, except for phosphates which used DAO-2021-19. The soil parameters were identified using the soil test kit from the Bureau of Soil and Water Management (BSWM) and at the BSWM laboratory. Mangrove species were identified using The Field Guide for Philippine Mangroves and were verified by experts. The carbon sequestration potential was obtained using an allometric equation for Southeast Asian mangroves. There are three mangrove species found in Kaingen Riverine such as Rhizophora mucronata, Avicennia alba, and Xylocarpus granatum. Based on species importance value Rhizophora mucronata is the dominant mangrove species. The result for carbon sequestration of each mangrove species showed that Rhizophora mucronata yielded the highest carbon stored (35.16 tC/ha) and carbon sequestered (128.92 tCO2/ha). Among all the sampling sites, site 3 yielded the highest carbon stored (30.76 tC/ha) and carbon sequestered (112.81 tCO2/ha) in Kaingen River. Overall, the results of the study showed that Kaingen River can potentially store carbon at 71.89 tC/ha and CO2 sequestered at 263.62 tCO2/ha. This urges to practice conservation and protection measures for the mangroves forest of Kaingen River.
Jupiter’s Atmosphere Dynamics Based on High-Resolution Spectroscopy with VLT/ESPRESSO
Authors: Machado Pedro , Silva José Eduardo , Brasil Francisco , Ribeiro José , Gonçalves Ruben , Silva Miguel
Published: August 2023

We present a new study of Jupiter atmosphere’s dynamics using for the first time the extremely high resolution capabilities of VLT/ESPRESSO to retrieve wind velocities in Jupiter’s troposphere, with a dedicated ground-based Doppler velocimetry method. These results are complemented by a deeper analysis of Cassini data during its flyby of Jupiter in December 2000, performing cloud tracking at visible wavelengths, obtaining a more comprehensive dynamical interpretation. We explore the effectiveness of this new method to measure winds in Jupiter, using high resolution spectroscopy data obtained from ESPRESSO observations performed in July 2019, with a Doppler velocimetry method based on back scattered solar radiation in the visible range. Coupled with our ground based results, we retrieved a latitudinal and longitudinal profile of Jupiter’s winds along select bands of the atmosphere. Comparing the results between cloud tracking methods, based on previous reference observations, and our new Doppler velocimetry approach we found a good agreement between them, demonstrating the eectiveness of this technique. The winds obtained in this exploratory study have a two-fold relevance: they contribute for the temporal and spatial variability study of Jupiter troposphere’s dynamics, and also the results presented here validate this Doppler technique to study the dynamics of Jupiter’s atmosphere and pave the way for further exploration of a broader region of Jupiter’s disk for a more comprehensive retrieval of winds and to evaluate their spatial and temporal variability.
Acquisition of Humoral Immune Responses in Convalescent Japanese People with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection in 2021
Authors: Monzen Koshiro , Watanabe Takanori , Okabe Toshihiro , Sekino Hisakuni , Nakagami Hironori , Morishita Ryuichi
Published: August 2023

We investigated humoral immune responses in 222 unvaccinated Japanese people after recovery from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in 2021. Anti-spike protein IgG antibody levels and neutralizing antibody titers were measured in serum samples obtained within 20–180 days after diagnosis. The geometric mean of antibody titers was 1555 ELU/mL (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1257-1923), and the neutralizing activities (50% inhibitory dilution) was 253 (95% CI = 204-313). The antibody titer and neutralizing activity both increased with increasing disease severity, and both values were approximately 4-fold higher for hospitalized patients than for non-hospitalized patients. However, these differences were smaller in older patients. The humoral immune response, which increased with increasing disease severity, gradually decreased over time after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most patients with mild or moderate symptoms sustained neutralizing activity for up to 180 days after the infection, the decay of the neutralizing activity in the patients with asymptomatic was rather faster than other groups. 11.7% (26/222) of patients had very low neutralizing activity, and half of these were in the age of 20s. Our study results show the importance of measuring the neutralizing activity to confirm the immune status and also estimate the timing of vaccine.
Irrigant Activation Techniques for Root Canal Treatment: A Review
Authors: Abdellatif Dina , Pisano Massimo , Buonavoglia Alessio , Giordano Francesco , Amato Alessandra , Iandolo Alfredo
Published: August 2023

According to contemporary dental standards, the primary goal of endodontic therapy is the chemo-mechanical cleaning of the complex root canal system. Watering canals with approved solutions and activating them are essential parts of this operation. This review outlines various irrigant activation methods for endodontic treatment, such as Subsonic, Manual Dynamic Activation, Sonic, Heating, ultrasonic, and laser techniques, to compare them. Results were collected using Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases by searching keywords: sodium hypochlorite, Cleaning, activation, and irrigation methods.