bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A porous Co3Mo3N/N-doped carbon electrocatalyst derived from Mo–Co MOFs for the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Mohana P. , Yuvakkumar R. , Ravi G. , Arun A. , Metha S. Arun , Dhanasekaran P.
Published: November 2024

The development of non-noble metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived bimetallic transition metal nitride (TMN) electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a challenging task.
Sequential self-assembly and release of a camptothecin prodrug for tumor-targeting therapy
Authors: Zhu Wujuan , Yu Minghui , Wang Minghui , Zhang Miaomiao , Hai Zijuan
Published: November 2024

A CPT prodrug (CPT-SS-FFEYp-Biotin) based on three strategies (tumor-targeting, prodrug design and drug delivery) for enhancing therapeutic efficacy of CPT.
Bioinspired solid-state nanochannels for molecular analysis
Authors: Li Xin , Zhu Congcong , Wu Yuge , Kong Xiang-Yu , Wen Liping
Published: November 2024

Solid-state nanochannel sensors consisting of recognition elements and nanochannels are capable of detecting a wide range of small molecules including gas molecules, drug molecules and biomolecules.
Forging the tricyclic core framework of euphordraculoate B via a Barbier-type allyl addition
Authors: Meng Lingduan , Liu Jingjing , Sun Zeying , Hou Yangdong , Huang Qingyun , Tang Pingping
Published: November 2024

A novel strategy for the synthesis of an advanced intermediate en route to the tigliane derivative Euphordraculoate B was described, which led to the successful construction of the 5/5/6 tricyclic core framework.
MOF nanozymes: active sites and sensing applications
Authors: Zhang Ziyan , Li Yujie , Yuan Zhishuang , Wu Lingxia , Ma Jiping , Tan Weiqiang , Sun Yingjie , Zhang Guangyao , Chai Huining
Published: November 2024

This review comprehensively presents the recent advancements in the active sites of metal–organic framework (MOF) nanozymes, their sensing applications, and discusses future prospects and challenges.
Correction: Amorphous heterojunction and fluoride-induced effects enable a F-Ni(OH)2/Ni–B electrocatalyst for efficient and stable alkaline freshwater/seawater hydrogen evolution at a high current density
Authors: Chen Shenyi , Chu Haoming , Xie Ziyin , Dong Lihui , Li Bin , Fan Minguang , He Huibing , Chen Zhengjun
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘Amorphous heterojunction and fluoride-induced effects enable a F-Ni(OH)2/Ni–B electrocatalyst for efficient and stable alkaline freshwater/seawater hydrogen evolution at a high current density’ by Shenyi Chen et al., Inorg. Chem. Front., 2024, 11, 8212–8222, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4QI01853B.
A hydrophilic-Zn2+ conductive lanthanum phosphate interlayer toward ultra-long-life Zn anodes and zinc ion capacitors
Authors: Li Yuequn , Wang Yanjie , Fang Zhe , Jia Shaopei , Wu Xukai , Wang Zhiheng , Geng Kunyang , Chen Kongyao , Mu Yunchao , Zhang Lin , Mi Liwei
Published: November 2024

In this work, a highly hydrophilic-Zn2+ conductive LaPO4 interlayer is applied to realize a reversible Zn anode and ultra-long-life zinc ion capacitors.
Catalytic haloallylation/Zr-mediated dienyne cyclization/isomerization sequence for tailored cyclopentadiene substitution
Authors: Gobin Marko , Nikšić-Franjić Ivana , Topolovčan Nikola
Published: November 2024

A synthetic sequence leading to the controlled decoration of cyclopentadienes is reported. This approach allows site-selective installation of different functionalities around the Cp ring, exploiting stereoelectronic features of internal alkynes.
Decontamination of textile effluents via the adsorption process on various raw clay minerals enhanced by ozonation: a modeling approach and optimization
Authors: Hendaoui K. , Ben Ayed S. , Mansour L. , Ben Othman A. , Ayari F.
Published: November 2024

This study seeks to characterize three different clays and compare their capability to decontaminate a textile effluent using the adsorption process and to explore the synergistic effects of ozonation on the treatment.
Metal–organic frameworks of p-hydroxybenzoic acid: synthesis, structure and ring opening polymerization capability
Authors: Gong Yi , Sharp Simon J. , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Redshaw Carl
Published: November 2024

Two new, isostructural, MOFs {[Co(O2CC6H4O)(DMF)]2}n and {[Mn(O2CC6H4O)(DMF)]2}n have been synthesised and structurally characterized. Their use as catalysts in the ROP of ε-caprolactone or δ-valerolactone produces mostly cyclic products.
Fabrication and characterization of xanthan gum nanofibers reinforced with thiosemicarbazide: adsorption of Pb2+ from an aqueous medium
Authors: Ghubayra Reem , Mousa Ibtisam , Madkhali Marwah M. M. , Alaghaz Abdel-Nasser M. A. , Hassan Asaad F.
Published: November 2024

In this study, electrospinning was used to fabricate xanthan gum (XF) and thiosemicarbazide/xanthan gum (TXF) nanofibers crosslinked with ferric ions for effective Pb2+ adsorption.
Regulation of STING G-quadruplex for rescuing cellular senescence and Aβ phagocytic capacity of microglia
Authors: Yuan Heying , Yang Jie , Qin Geng , Sun Yue , Zhao Chuanqi , Wang Chunyu , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: November 2024

A highly conserved G-quadruplex in STING promoter region has been verified and precisely targeted by CRISPR-mediated specificity, which can restrain STING expression and restore Aβ phagocytic capacity of microglia for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
The role of responsive MRI probes in the past and the future of molecular imaging
Authors: Yue Ping , Nagendraraj Thavasilingam , Wang Gaoji , Jin Ziyi , Angelovski Goran
Published: November 2024

This Perspective provides an overview of the recent progress in the field of bioresponsive MRI probes, highlighting the richness in research approaches and achievements in the visualisation and assessment of important biological markers.
A flexible and scalable synthesis of 4′-thionucleosides
Authors: Lucas Callum , Fung Ethan , Nodwell Matthew , Silverman Steven , Singh Bara , Campeau Louis-Charles , Britton Robert
Published: November 2024

A short, de novo synthesis of purine- and pyrimidine-substituted 4′-thionucleosides is reported. The scalability of this process as well as its utility for accessing C2′-modified thionucleosides is demonstrated.
Reassessing the role and lifetime of Qx in the energy transfer dynamics of chlorophyll a
Authors: Keil Erika , Kumar Ajeet , Bäuml Lena , Reiter Sebastian , Thyrhaug Erling , Moser Simone , Duffy Christopher D. P. , de Vivie-Riedle Regina , Hauer Jürgen
Published: November 2024

Chlorophylls are essential photosynthetic pigments. We provide a simple and consistent interpretation of their surprisingly complex energy deactivation mechanism, based on tailored spectroscopic methods and state-of-the-art theoretical techniques.
Modulating built-in electric field via Br induced partial phase transition for robust alkaline freshwater and seawater electrolysis
Authors: Jin Lei , Xu Hui , Wang Kun , Liu Yang , Qian Xingyue , Chen Haiqun , He Guangyu
Published: November 2024

The Br induces a partial phase transition, which exhibits the strongest BEF. The negatively charged PO43− layer can protect NiOOH from corrosion by repelling Cl−.
A biomimetic ant silk fiber-based triboelectric nanogenerator: toward advanced tactile sensing technology
Authors: Sagade Muktar Ahmed Rumana Farheen , Mokthar Ahamed Mizba Tazleem Sagade , Madanahalli Ankanathappa Sangamesha , Sannathammegowda Krishnaveni
Published: November 2024

Integrating bio-inspired materials into TENGs marks a significant step toward sustainable and eco-friendly energy harvesting systems, with promising applications in robotics, wearable electronics, and human–machine interfaces.
Preparation of layered carbon nitride/titanium-based metal skeleton materials and study on their electrorheological properties
Authors: Chen Liangkun , Ji Xiang , Yan Haochun , Wang Liyue , Lin Yusheng , Wang Baoxiang , Hao Chuncheng
Published: November 2024

MOF/g-C3N4 composite nanoparticles were synthesized, which can exhibit obvious electrorheological behavior.
Green hydrogen production for sustainable development: a critical examination of barriers and strategic opportunities
Authors: Segovia-Hernández Juan Gabriel , Hernández Salvador , Cossío-Vargas Enrique , Juarez-García Maricruz , Sánchez-Ramírez Eduardo
Published: November 2024

As the world endeavors to meet ambitious climate targets and mitigate carbon emissions, green hydrogen stands out as a versatile and scalable solution offering a viable pathway toward sustainable development.
A fluorinated zirconium-based metal–organic framework as a platform for the capture and removal of perfluorinated pollutants from air and water
Authors: Hedbom Daniel , Gaiser Philipp , Günther Tyran , Cheung Ocean , Strømme Maria , Åhlén Michelle , Sjödin Martin
Published: November 2024

UiO-67-F2 was found to have an SF6 uptake of 5.24 mmol g−1 at 100 kPa, 20 °C, and a remarkable PFOA uptake of 928 mgPFOA/gMOF in an aqueous solution of 1000 mgPFOA/LWater.
In vivo transplantation of intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids with decellularized liver-derived hydrogels supports hepatic cellular proliferation and differentiation in chronic liver injury
Authors: Kaur Impreet , Vasudevan Ashwini , Sanchez-Romero Natalia , Sanyal Arka , Sharma Aarushi , Hemati Hamed , Juneja Pinky , Sharma Aarti , Pla Palacin Iris , Rastogi Archana , Vijayaragavan Pooja , Ghosh Sourabh , Ramakrishna Seeram , Sarin Shiv K. , Baptista Pedro M. , Tripathi Dinesh M. , Kaur Savneet
Published: November 2024

Liver-based hydrogel transplanted hepatocyte and cholangiocyte organoids as an efficient cell source and therapy for renewal of hepatocytes, angiogenesis, restoration of hepatocyte functions and resolution of liver injury.
Advancements in phasor-based FLIM: multi-component analysis and lifetime probes in biological imaging
Authors: Li Dan , Liu Xinyi , Dong Fanli , Li Wanwan
Published: November 2024

This review focuses on lifetime probes in phasor-based FLIM and multi-component analysis in complex environments. Using three probes (a, b, c) with distinct lifetimes, it visualizes clusters in the phasor plot, enabling imaging of specific regions.
From natural to synthetic hydrogels: how much biochemical complexity is required for mechanotransduction?
Authors: van Sprang Johnick F. , Smits Imke P. M. , Nooten Jasper C. H. , Fransen Peter-Paul K. H. , Söntjens Serge H. M. , van Houtem Michel H. C. J. , Janssen Henk M. , Rutten Martin G. T. A. , Schotman Maaike J. G. , Dankers P. Y. W.
Published: November 2024

The biochemical complexity of a material determines the biological response of cells triggered by a cell-material interaction.
Exploring the dynamics of messenger ribonucleoprotein-mediated translation repression
Authors: Meyer Julia , Payr Marco , Duss Olivier , Hennig Janosch
Published: November 2024

Translational control is crucial for well-balanced cellular function and viability of organisms. Different mechanisms have evolved to up- and down-regulate protein synthesis, including 3′ untranslated region (UTR)-mediated translation repression. RNA binding proteins or microRNAs interact with regulatory sequence elements located in the 3′ UTR and interfere most often with the rate-limiting initiation step of translation. Dysregulation of post-transcriptional gene expression leads to various kinds of diseases, emphasizing the significance of understanding the mechanisms of these processes. So far, only limited mechanistic details about kinetics and dynamics of translation regulation are understood. This mini-review focuses on 3′ UTR-mediated translational regulation mechanisms and demonstrates the potential of using single-molecule fluorescence-microscopy for kinetic and dynamic studies of translation regulation in vivo and in vitro.
Feature pyramid attention network for audio‐visual scene classification
Authors: Zhou Liguang , Zhou Yuhongze , Qi Xiaonan , Hu Junjie , Lam Tin Lun , Xu Yangsheng
Published: November 2024

Audio‐visual scene classification (AVSC) poses a formidable challenge owing to the intricate spatial‐temporal relationships exhibited by audio‐visual signals, coupled with the complex spatial patterns of objects and textures found in visual images. The focus of recent studies has predominantly revolved around extracting features from diverse neural network structures, inadvertently neglecting the acquisition of semantically meaningful regions and crucial components within audio‐visual data. The authors present a feature pyramid attention network (FPANet) for audio‐visual scene understanding, which extracts semantically significant characteristics from audio‐visual data. The authors’ approach builds multi‐scale hierarchical features of sound spectrograms and visual images using a feature pyramid representation and localises the semantically relevant regions with a feature pyramid attention module (FPAM). A dimension alignment (DA) strategy is employed to align feature maps from multiple layers, a pyramid spatial attention (PSA) to spatially locate essential regions, and a pyramid channel attention (PCA) to pinpoint significant temporal frames. Experiments on visual scene classification (VSC), audio scene classification (ASC), and AVSC tasks demonstrate that FPANet achieves performance on par with state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) approaches, with a 95.9 F1‐score on the ADVANCE dataset and a relative improvement of 28.8%. Visualisation results show that FPANet can prioritise semantically meaningful areas in audio‐visual signals.
Obtaining diverse solutions for reliable multi‐microgrid network design
Authors: Zhang Tao , Yao Xingyi , Li Wenhua , Wang Rui
Published: November 2024

The multi‐microgrid network structure optimisation problem (MNSDOP) aims to minimise the circuit lengths while maximising power transmission stability, a crucial aspect for system robustness enhancement. While existing literature primarily focuses on achieving Pareto optimal solutions there is an overlooked emphasis on solution diversity. In situations like MNSDOPs, several optimal solutions might possess identical or comparable objective values, classifying them under multimodal multi‐objective optimisation roblems (MMOPs). Offering an array of optimal solutions equips decision‐makers with a holistic understanding of the problem, aiding in the identification of preferred solutions. Motivated by this gap, we introduce a multimodal multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm tailored for MNSDOPs, termed MMO‐BM. We also propose a diversity evaluation metric specifically for binary optimisation problems, substantially amplifying the exploration capabilities of evolutionary algorithms. In addition, a novel matrix‐oriented DE operator is proposed to accerate the convergence process. Experimental evaluations attest to our method's prowess in yielding diverse and high‐quality solutions.
Typical characteristic mining and load evaluation for the difficulties of power supply–demand balance regulation
Authors: Li Junwei , Yu Yang , Mi Zengqiang , Wu Jian
Published: November 2024

Power systems face significant challenges in maintaining power balance because of the stochasticity of sources and loads. This unpredictability makes it difficult to characterize the typical demand for grid power balance regulation, which results in a lack of clear objectives for evaluating the contributions of demand‐side users to power balance. To bridge these gaps, in this paper, a new approach is proposed on the basis of the inherent difficulties in grid power balance regulation. First, a method for portraying the change in power balance regulation demand is presented, which emphasizes the trend characteristics of time‐varying regulation demand through the weighting of trend segments. Second, demand periods and curves are calculated on the basis of a regulation capacity of 5% of the maximum load, and their distribution during the monthly cycle is analysed. Finally, to elucidate the contribution of random samples to typical demand features, a sample weighting method utilizing clustering categories is proposed and a distance‐minimum optimization model is constructed to estimate typical features by leveraging the “group effect” concept. Actual power data from a region in China are selected for verification, confirming that the proposed typical value calculation method is more representative of random sampling situations. Moreover, considering the power grid's time‐varying nature, the evaluation of the contribution of demand‐side users to the power grid is improved.
Geo‐spatial traffic behaviour analysis and anomaly detection for ITS applications
Authors: Akdag Erkut , D'Amicantonio Giacomo , Vijverberg Julien , Stajan David , Beers Bart , De With Peter H. N. , Bondarev Egor
Published: November 2024

Understanding the behaviour of traffic participants within the geo‐spatial context of road/intersection topology is a vital prerequisite for any smart ITS application. This article presents a video‐based traffic analysis and anomaly detection system covering the complete data processing pipeline, including sensor data acquisition, analysis, and digital twin reconstruction. The system solves the challenge of geo‐spatial mapping of captured visual data onto the road/intersection topology by semantic analysis of aerial data. Additionally, the automated camera calibration component enables instant camera pose estimation to map traffic agents onto the road/intersection surface accurately. A novel aspect is approaching the anomaly detection problem by AI analysis of both the spatio‐temporal visual clues and the geo‐spatial trajectories for all type of traffic participants, such as pedestrians, bicyclists, and vehicles. This enables recognition of anomalies related to either traffic‐rule violations, for example, jaywalking, improper turns, zig‐zag driving, unlawful stops, or behavioural anomalies: littering, accidents, falling, vandalism, violence, infrastructure collapse etc. The method achieves leading anomaly detection results on benchmark datasets World Cup 2014, UCF‐Crime, XD‐Violence, and ShanghaiTech. All the obtained results are streamed and rendered in real‐time by the developed TGX digital twin visualizer. The complete system has been deployed and validated on the roads of Helmond town in The Netherlands.
Machine learning‐driven design of dual‐band antennas using PGGAN and enhanced feature mapping
Authors: Tuen Lung‐Fai , Li Ching‐Lieh , Chi Yu‐Jen , Chiu Chien‐Ching , Chen Po Hsiang
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a systematic antenna design methodology that integrates machine learning, leveraging the progressive growth technique of Progressive Growing of GANs (PGGAN) to generate images of various dual‐band PIFA‐like antenna structures. The process involves using data augmentation methods to generate 4180 antenna samples. In the latent space, the authors employ Latin Hypercube Sampling to maintain diversity and combine it with the Hough Transform to enhance the edge features of the antennas while providing labelling functionality. This labelling method strengthens the relationship between antenna frequency and wavelength characteristics. The paper clearly outlines the design process, starting from the simulation of two types of single‐frequency PIFA‐like antennas (2.45 and 5.2 GHz, respectively) to the completion of PGGAN's generation task, resulting in a novel dual‐band Wi‐Fi PIFA‐like antenna structure. The measurement results of the dual‐band antennas exhibit excellent consistency with the simulation results.
A state evaluation and fault diagnosis strategy for substation relay protection system integrating multiple intelligent algorithms
Authors: Wang Jiajun , Jing Shiyi , Yao Yu , Wang Kunlun , Li Bo
Published: November 2024

Ensuring the operational reliability of substation relay protection systems through rapid defect diagnosis and state assessment is crucial for maintaining power system stability. This study introduces a new diagnostic framework that combines improved particle swarm optimization, K‐means clustering algorithms, support vector machine (SVM), and learning vector quantization neural networks to provide a comprehensive fault diagnosis and prediction model for relay protection systems. The model commences by identifying critical metrics for system state evaluation, employing an improved analytic hierarchy process to allocate weights to these indicators, and introducing variable weights theory to improve dependability of outcomes. The model enhances SVM with learning vector quantization for precise state prediction by utilizing operational data from substation relay protection systems. Improved particle swarm optimization optimizes key SVM parameters to improve accuracy. In order to effectively classify defect categories, the K‐means clustering algorithm is implemented. The model's efficacy, stability, and comprehensive applicational potential have been confirmed through experimental trials, which represent substantial progress in the field of substation fault management.
Investigating explosive events in a 3D quiet-Sun model: Transition region and coronal response
Authors: Chen Yajie , Peter Hardi , Przybylski Damien
Published: November 2024

Context. Transition region explosive events are characterized by the non-Gaussian profiles of the emission lines that form at transition region temperatures, and they are believed to be manifestations of small-scale reconnection events in the transition region.

Aims. Traditionally, the enhanced emission at the line wings is interpreted as bi-directional outflows generated by the reconnection of oppositely directed magnetic fields. We investigate whether the 2D picture also holds in a more realistic setup of a 3D radiation magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) quiet-Sun model. We also compare the thermal responses in the transition region and corona of different events.

Methods. We took a 3D self-consistent quiet-Sun model extending from the upper convection zone to the lower corona calculated using the MURaM code. We first synthesized the Si IV line profiles from the model and then located the profiles which show signatures of bi-directional flows. These tend to appear along network lanes, and most do not reach coronal temperatures. We isolated two hot events (around 1 MK) and one cool event (order of 0.1 MK) and examined the magnetic field evolution in and around these selected events. Furthermore, we investigated why some explosive events reach coronal temperatures, while most remain cool. We also examined the emission of these events as seen in the 174 Å passband of the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) on board Solar Orbiter and all coronal passbands of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO).

Results. The field lines around two events reconnect at small angles (i.e., they undergo component reconnection). The third case is associated with the relaxation of a highly twisted flux rope. All three events reveal signatures in the synthesized EUI 174 Å images. The intensity variations in two events are dominated by variations of the coronal emissions, while the cool component seen in the respective channel contributes significantly to the intensity variation in one case. In comparison, one hot event is embedded in regions with higher magnetic field strength and heating rates while the densities are comparable, and the other hot event is heated to coronal temperatures mainly because of the low density.

Conclusions. Small-scale heating events seen in the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) channels of AIA or EUI might be hot or cool. Our results imply that the major difference between the events in which coronal counterparts dominate or not is the amount of converted magnetic energy and/or density in and around the reconnection region.
Tracing gaseous filaments connected to galaxy clusters: The case study of Abell 2744
Authors: Gallo S. , Aghanim N. , Gouin C. , Eckert D. , Douspis M. , Paste J. , Bonnaire T.
Published: November 2024

Filaments connected to galaxy clusters are crucial environments for studying the build up of cosmic structures as they funnel matter towards the clusters’ deep gravitational potentials. Identifying gas in filaments is a challenge, due to their lower density contrast, which produces faint signals. Therefore, the best opportunity to detect these signals is in the outskirts of galaxy clusters. We revisited the X-ray observation of the cluster Abell 2744, using statistical estimators of the anisotropic matter distribution to identify filamentary patterns around it. We report, for the first time, the blind detection of filaments connected to a galaxy cluster from X-ray emission using a filament-finder technique and a multipole decomposition technique. We compare this result with filaments extracted from the distribution of spectroscopic galaxies using the same two approaches. This allowed us to demonstrate the robustness and reliability of our techniques in tracing the filamentary structure of three and five filaments connected to Abell 2744, in two and three dimensions, respectively.
The impact of lossy data compression on the power spectrum of the high-redshift 21 cm signal with LOFAR
Authors: Chege J. K. , Koopmans L. V. E. , Offringa A. R. , Gehlot B. K. , Brackenhoff S. A. , Ceccotti E. , Ghosh S. , Höfer C. , Mertens F. G. , Mevius M. , Munshi S.
Published: November 2024

Context. Current radio interferometers output multi-petabyte-scale volumes of data per year, making the storage, transfer, and processing of these data a sizeable challenge. This challenge is expected to grow with next-generation telescopes such as the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), which will produce a considerably larger data volume than current instruments. Lossy compression of interferometric data post-correlation can abate this challenge, but any drawbacks from the compression should be well understood in advance.

Aims. Lossy data compression reduces the precision of data, introducing additional noise. Since high-redshift (e.g., cosmic dawn or epoch of reionization) 21 cm studies impose strict precision requirements, the impact of this effect on the 21 cm signal power spectrum statistic is investigated in a bid to rule out unwanted systematics.

Methods. We applied DYSCO visibility compression, a technique for normalizing and quantizing specifically designed for radio interferometric data, to observed visibilities datasets from the LOFAR telescope as well as simulated ones. The power spectrum of these data was analyzed, and we establish the level of the compression noise in the power spectrum in comparison to the thermal noise. We also examined its coherency behavior by employing the cross-coherence metric. Finally, for optimal compression results, we compared the compression noise obtained from different compression settings to a nominal 21 cm signal power.

Results. From a single night of observation, we find that the noise introduced due to the compression is more than five orders of magnitude lower than the thermal noise level in the power spectrum. The noise does not affect calibration. Furthermore, the noise remains subdominant to the noise introduced by the nonlinear calibration algorithm used following random parameter initialization across different runs. The compression noise shows no correlation with the sky signal and has no measurable coherent component, therefore averaging down optimally with the integration of more data. The level of compression error in the power spectrum ultimately depends on the compression settings.

Conclusions. DYSCO visibility compression is found to be an insignificant concern for 21 cm power spectrum studies. Hence, data volumes can be safely reduced by factors of ∼4 with insignificant bias to the final power spectrum. Data from SKA-Low will likely be compressible by the same factor as data from LOFAR owing to the similarities of the two instruments. The same technique can be used to compress data from other telescopes, but a small adjustment of the compression parameters might be required.
The role of thermal instability in accretion outbursts in high-mass stars
Authors: Elbakyan Vardan G. , Nayakshin Sergei , Caratti o Garatti Alessio , Kuiper Rolf , Guo Zhen
Published: November 2024

Context. High-mass young stellar objects (HMYSOs) can exhibit episodic bursts of accretion, accompanied by intense outflows and luminosity variations. Understanding the underlying mechanisms driving these phenomena is crucial for elucidating the early evolution of massive stars and their feedback on star formation processes.

Aims. Thermal instability (TI) due to hydrogen ionisation is among the most promising mechanisms of episodic accretion in low-mass (M* ≲ 1 M⊙) protostars. Its role in HMYSOs has not yet been determined. Here we investigate the properties of TI outbursts in young massive (M* ≳ 5 M⊙) stars, and compare them to those that have been observed to date.

Methods. We employed a 1D numerical model to simulate TI outbursts in HMYSO accretion discs. We varied the key model parameters, such as stellar mass, mass accretion rate onto the disc, and disc viscosity, to assess the TI outburst properties.

Results. Our simulations show that modelled TI bursts can replicate the durations and peak accretion rates of long outbursts (a few years to decades) observed in HMYSOs with similar mass characteristics. However, they struggle with short-duration bursts (less than a year) with short rise times (a few weeks or months), suggesting the need for alternative mechanisms. Moreover, while our models match the durations of longer bursts, they fail to reproduce the multiple outbursts seen in some HMYSOs, regardless of model parameters. We also emphasise the significance of not just evaluating model accretion rates and durations, but also performing photometric analysis to thoroughly evaluate the consistency between model predictions and observational data.

Conclusions. Our findings suggest that some other plausible mechanisms, such as gravitational instabilities and disc fragmentation, can be responsible for generating the observed outburst phenomena in HMYSOs, and we underscore the need for further investigation into alternative mechanisms driving short outbursts. However, the physics of TI is crucial in sculpting the inner disc physics in the early bright epoch of massive star formation, and comprehensive parameter space exploration; the use of 2D modelling is essential to obtaining a more detailed understanding of the underlying physical processes. By bridging theoretical predictions with observational constraints, this study contributes to advancing our knowledge of HMYSO accretion physics and the early evolution of massive stars.
Social support for divorced madurese women
Authors: Ariyani Yan , Hartini Nurul
Published: November 2024

Being a widow or single parent is not easy, especially in Madura. Perceptions of women who are left behind for divorce in patriarchal cultures tend to be negative. Financial difficulties experienced, pressure from the social environment, and being deemed unable to care for children, are the problems they face. This stigma creates an image of a broken home family which is deemed unable to provide opportunities for its family members to develop. This divorce issue will feel more complex if it is associated with the concept of divorce in Madura. Being a widow in Madura is inseparable from the affairs of her ex-husband. In certain cases, ex-husbands often interfere in the lives of their ex-wives. In such situations, the ability to adapt to the pressure that occurs is needed. And one factor that can help accelerate the adjustment process is social support. This research was conducted to determine the description of social support for divorced Madurese women. Qualitative methods with a case study approach were used in this research. Five respondents were selected based on a purposive sampling technique with the criteria: Madurese women, aged 20-40 years, and had been divorced for at least 2 years. Interviews were analyzed using the Miles-Huberman model. The results show that respondents received social support, especially from their closest family and friends. The form of support provided includes helping to take care of children, encouraging them to remarry, meeting economic needs, and encouraging them to always be strong. It's not just about material things, parents encourage their children to remarry because they are still young. There are respondents' parents who leave all decisions to the respondents. All families support, but the decision remains in the hands of the respondent.
Does Preoperative Renal Tumour Biopsy Impact Trifecta Achievement in Partial Nephrectomy?
Authors: Simsekoglu Muhammed Fatih , Demirbilek Muhammet , Vural Ahmet , Aferin Ugur , Tunc Burcin , Citgez Sinharib , Demirdag Cetin
Published: November 2024

Purpose We aimed to evaluate the effect of renal tumour biopsy (RTB) on trifecta criteria achievement in patients treated with open partial nephrectomy (OPN).

Methods Patients who were diagnosed with renal cancer and underwent OPN between 2012 and 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. The RTB group consisted of patients who underwent RTB before OPN, while the non-RTB group consisted of those who did not undergo RTB. No matching method was employed since parameters such as tumour size and Padua score were comparable between the two groups. The primary outcome was trifecta achievement, defined as negative surgical margins, warm ischemia time (WIT) <25 minutes, and no complications. Secondary outcomes were the clinicopathologic and survival outcomes of both groups.

Results There were 137 (82.03%) patients in the non-RTB group and 30 (17.96%) patients in the RTB group. The median postoperative follow-up was 45 (24–141) months. The median tumour size was 3.4 (1–7) cm and 3 (1.4–7) cm in the non-RTB group and RTB group, respectively (p=0.282). Seventy-five of the 137 (54.76%) patients in the non-RTB group and 16 of the 30 (53.3%) patients in the RTB group achieved the trifecta criteria (p=0.878). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of metastasis-free survival (p=0.332) or overall survival (p=0.359) at 24 months. The rate of intraparenchymal lymphovascular invasion was significantly higher in the RTB group (16.6%) than in the non-RTB group (2.92%) (p=0.013).

Conclusions Our study indicated that trifecta achievement rates were comparable between patients who did and those who did not undergo RTB. Consequently, RTB can be safely performed in renal cancer.
MPFL-Plastik mit autologer Quadrizepssehne bei offenen Wachstumsfugen
Authors: Balcarek Peter
Published: November 2024

Auch beim Kind und Jugendlichen wird trotz offener Wachstumsfugen die Rekonstruktion des medialen patellofemoralen Ligaments (MPFL) zur Behandlung der Patellaluxation empfohlen. Die offene Epiphysenfuge am medialen distalen Femur erfordert allerdings ein darauf abgestimmtes operatives Vorgehen mir notwendiger Kenntnis der Lagebeziehung der femoralen MPFL-Insertion zur Wachstumsfuge. Dargestellt wird die Technik der MPFL-Rekonstruktion mittels eines autologen gestielten Quadrizepssehnentransplantats mit femoraler Bohrkanalfixierung distal der Epiphysenfuge.
Assessment of Nasal Breathing Function and Tip Definition after the Implementation of the Cephalic Lateral Crural Advancement Flap Technique
Authors: Macía Germán , Ortega Ana
Published: November 2024

Cephalic trimming of the lower lateral cartilage (LLC) can result in the collapse of the internal and external nasal valves, pinched nose, and alar retraction. The cephalic lateral crural advancement flap (CLCAF) technique is introduced as a method to prevent these complications by avoiding grafts in the LLC. A retrospective study was conducted on 126 open-approach rhinoplasties (82 female and 44 male) employing the CLCAF technique between January 2021 and March 2022. Preoperatively, 20 patients exhibited collapse of the internal nasal valve. CLCAF was performed in all patients following cephalic incision, leaving 7 to 8 mm horizontally and caudally of LLC, and preserving the scroll ligament. The CLCAF was advanced onto the lateral crura to reinforce it and tension the scroll ligament. The Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale was used to assess the technique. The average postoperative follow-up period was 14 months. Overall, 114 patients (90.5%) experienced improved nasal breathing on the NOSE scale, and the overall NOSE score significantly decreased from a mean of 30.4 to 14.0 (p < 0.001). A statistically significant reduction in NOSE scores was observed in groups with moderate, severe, and extreme obstruction (p < 0.001), with greater improvement seen in the patients with more severe preoperative nasal breathing obstruction. Postintervention, no patient exhibited collapse of the internal valve, and all patients with preoperative collapse of the internal nasal valve showed an increase of at least 40 points in the NOSE scale. Two patients required revision due to tip asymmetry related to CLCAF. Pinched nose or alar retraction was not observed postoperatively in any patient. The implementation of CLCAF, combined with other techniques, enhances nasal breathing function, prevents the collapse of the internal nasal valve, and leads to optimal nasal tip definition, resulting in a better-shaped and functioning nose.
Innovations in Diabetes Management for Pregnant Women: Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Medical Things
Authors: Murrin Ellen M. , Saad Antonio F. , Sullivan Scott , Millo Yuri , Miodovnik Menachem
Published: November 2024

Pregnancies impacted by diabetes face the compounded challenge of strict glycemic control with mounting insulin resistance as the pregnancy progresses. New technological advances, including artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), are revolutionizing health care delivery by providing innovative solutions for diabetes care during pregnancy. Together, AI and the IoMT are a multibillion-dollar industry that integrates advanced medical devices and sensors into a connected network that enables continuous monitoring of glucose levels. AI-driven clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) can predict glucose trends and provide tailored evidence-based treatments with real-time adjustments as insulin resistance changes with placental growth. Additionally, mobile health (mHealth) applications facilitate patient education and self-management through real-time tracking of diet, physical activity, and glucose levels. Remote monitoring capabilities are particularly beneficial for pregnant persons with diabetes as they extend quality care to underserved populations and reduce the need for frequent in-person visits. This high-resolution monitoring allows physicians and patients access to an unprecedented wealth of data to make more informed decisions based on real-time data, reducing complications for both the mother and fetus. These technologies can potentially improve maternal and fetal outcomes by enabling timely, individualized interventions based on personalized health data. While AI and IoMT offer significant promise in enhancing diabetes care for improved maternal and fetal outcomes, their implementation must address challenges such as data security, cost-effectiveness, and preserving the essential patient–provider relationship.

Key Points
The Impact of Pregestational Diabetes on Maternal Morbidity and Mortality: Trends, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Murrin Ellen M. , Saad Antonio F. , Sullivan Scott , Miodovnik Menachem
Published: November 2024

Maternal mortality in the United States is on the rise, demonstrating a concerning trend that stands in stark contrast to the falling rates in other developed countries. A key challenge facing the improvement of maternal care is the mounting prevalence of chronic health conditions such as hypertension and diabetes, which are often linked to poor diet and sedentary lifestyle. Pregestational diabetes now impacts 1 to 2% of pregnancies, while gestational diabetes affects another 7.8%. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes elevate the risk of severe maternal morbidity and mortality (SMM), including severe cardiac morbidity, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, hemorrhage, infection, and mental health conditions. The increase in diabetes is thought to account for 17% of the increase in maternal mortality between 1997 and 2012. Another critical issue facing maternal care is the significant disparity in pregnancy outcomes among populations facing greater burdens of adverse social determinants of health, including socioeconomic characteristics, chronic stress, and systemic racism. For example, non-Hispanic Black women are 2.5 times more likely to die during pregnancy and the postpartum period than non-Hispanic White women. Vulnerable populations, often minorities, are also more likely to develop risk factors for SMM, such as type 2 diabetes. As pregestational diabetes is a particularly morbid condition in pregnancy, examining its complications and evidence-based treatments could significantly impact both maternal mortality rates and disparities in pregnancy outcomes in the United States. This review explores the relationship between pregestational diabetes and SMM, how the risk of SMM can be modified by disparities, and avenues for advancing care through future research.

Key Points
A Retrospective Review of Ambulatory Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in a Suburban Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Famurewa Bamidele A. , Jimoh Taoheed A. , Ugwu Ethelbert I. , Oginni Fadekemi O.
Published: November 2024

Background Ambulatory surgical procedures are integral aspects of oral and maxillofacial surgical (OMS) practice.

Objective The aim of this study is to report the scope of ambulatory OMS procedures in a Nigerian suburban teaching hospital.

Method A retrospective review of ambulatory OMS procedures performed at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, between March 2021 and February 2022 was conducted. Sociodemographic data, diagnoses, procedures, type of anesthesia, and immediate postoperative complications were retrieved from patients' records. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.

Results Two hundred and fifty-two ambulatory OMS procedures were performed during the 12-month study period. This accounted for 80.3% (252/314) of elective surgeries. The patients' mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 32.2 (10.4) years, while a slight male preponderance (51.6%) was recorded. Third molar surgery was the commonest (48.0%) procedure undertaken in ambulatory setting. Most (90.9%) of them were performed under local anesthesia. Satisfactory postoperative pain control was achieved with the use of oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics in most patients (81.7%). However, owing to a failed ambulatory session, there was an eventual admission rate of 0.4% (1/252).

Conclusion Ambulatory surgical procedures constitute the majority of the OMS elective cases, with third molar surgery being the commonest procedure. Judicious prescription and administration of oral analgesics were effective in managing postoperative pain in our day case OMS patients. We recommend a prospective study to determine an intermediate/long-term outcome of care in ambulatory settings.
Orbital and Premaxillary Emphysema as a Result of Nose-Blowing Following Blepharoplasty
Authors: Tarım Bilge , Kılıç Meltem
Published: November 2024

A 41-year-old man presented with sudden-onset swelling, redness, and pain in the right eye, 4 days after bilateral upper and lower eyelid blepharoplasty. The symptoms were preceded by a forceful nose-blowing episode. Upon examination, periorbital edema and subcutaneous crepitus were observed, along with limitations in upward gaze. Computed tomography revealed bilateral premaxillary and extraconal air accumulation. Since there was no optic nerve ischemia or orbital compartment syndrome, the patient was closely monitored. Spontaneous regression of the emphysema was observed during follow-ups. Orbital emphysema, although commonly associated with trauma, can also arise from compelling movements such as severe nose-blowing, as demonstrated in this unique case postblepharoplasty. The structural changes during surgery may contribute to weakened support, predisposing patients to emphysema following sudden pressure changes. Clinicians should be vigilant for periorbital edema and subcutaneous crepitus after facial surgeries, emphasizing the importance of timely imaging for diagnosis. Awareness campaigns advising against forceful actions like sneezing, coughing, and nose-blowing during the initial postoperative period are crucial to prevent potential complications.
An Isolated Cutaneous Relapse in a Known Case of Systemic ALK-Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: A Rare Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Shetty Monisha , Girisha Banavasi Shanmukha , Gowda Sona C. , Shetty Vijith
Published: November 2024

Among non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a relatively uncommon subtype that accounts for 3% of all adult NHLs. It typically affects young males, with a prevalence of three to one. Most cases present with nodal disease at the time of presentation. An extranodal involvement is seen in 60% of cases and skin involvement is seen in only 8 to 21% of cases. Cutaneous involvement in ALCL can manifest as primary cutaneous ALCL or secondary to systemic ALCL, and while CD30 positivity is common to both, ALK is not expressed by the former. A secondary skin involvement is usually associated with a poorer prognosis.

We report a rare case of an isolated cutaneous relapse of systemic ALK-positive ALCL in a 62-year-old woman following the second cycle of chemotherapy. The acute febrile, widespread papulonodular eruption clinically resembled mycosis fungoides and lymphomatoid papulosis. With the introduction of oral crizotinib, a drastic improvement in the skin lesions and an exceptional response on positron emission tomography-computed tomography were noted.
Effect of impurities on the residual resistance of niobium
Authors: Aleksandrov B. N. , Kovtun G. P. , Elenskii V. A.
Published: November 2024

The effect of three impurities, Ru, Re, and Os, on the electrical resistance of niobium at 20.4 and 77.3 °K was studied. Using 99.95% pure niobium with residual resistivity ratio ρ0/ρ293 = 7·10−2 specimens were prepared over the concentration range of 0.3 to 5% by weight. At 20.4 °K values of Δ ρ/c of 2.7, 2.2, and 1.4 μΩ·cm/at. % were found for Ru, Os, and Re, respectively. Data for 15 other impurity elements in niobium, found in the literature and often very approximate, are presented.
Nonlinear skin effect in metals
Authors: Vas’kin V. V. , Voloshin I. F. , Demikhovskii V. Ya. , Fisher L. M.
Published: November 2024

The nonlinear normal skin effect in a metal located within a high amplitude ac magnetic field is studied. The nonlinearity is produced by the dependence of the static conductivity in the skin layer upon the amplitude of the magnetic field. In the experiments the skin effect was studied in a polycrystalline aluminum specimen at a temperature of 4.2°K over the frequency range 4–1000 Hz; the amplitude of the exciting field was up to 2 kOe. Surface resistance was determined from the quantity of heat liberated in the specimen. The content of harmonic components of the magnetic flux in the specimen was also studied at various field amplitudes with sine wave excitation. The field distribution within the specimen and the impedance were determined by nonlinear Maxwell equations. Results of calculating the surface resistance and induced emf harmonic amplitudes were in good agreement with experimental data.
Statistical properties of an electron gas in “superlattices” and layered crystals
Authors: Maslyuk V. T. , Bercha D. M. , Shul’ga V. G.
Published: November 2024

The temperature dependence of the chemical potential and specific heat, and the concentration dependence of the entropy and free energy are calculated for the electron gas of a “superlattice” or layered crystal within the framework of a model representation. An expression is obtained for the critical charge carrier concentration at which the transition from “closed” to “open” isoenergetic surfaces occurs. The extremal behavior of the thermodynamic parameters is treated as the manifestation of charge carrier transition from a state of three-dimensional motion to a state of two-dimensional motion.