bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Which Environmental Policies for New Caledonia?
Authors: Rodary Estienne
Published: April 2024

Scientists identified the extraordinary terrestrial and marine biodiversity of New Caledonia over 70 years ago. Campaigns to preserve endemic flora and fauna by international NGOs have existed since the 1960s, but established interests lying behind the extractive economy on Grande Terre helped delay effective environmental regulations and actions until the 2000s. The territory still has some of the highest CO2 emissions per capita in the world. Multi-layered governance is in place, applied through the Convention on Biological Diversity (initiated in 1992), the UNESCO World Heritage listing for reefs and lagoons (2008) and the Natural Park of the Coral Sea (2014). Ecological policies are hampered by the divergence of views on the environment at the provincial and territorial scales and the degree of local participation that is permitted in environmental decision-making. Different resources also fall under different management regimes, and some campaigns target environmental issues alongside social and economic justice issues.
Minimal periods for semilinear parabolic equations
Authors: Herzog Gerd , Kunstmann Peer Christian
Published: April 2024

We show that, if $$-A$$

-
A

generates a bounded holomorphic semigroup in a Banach space X, $$\alpha \in [0,1)$$

α
∈
[
0
,
1
)

, and $$f:D(A)\rightarrow X$$

f
:
D
(
A
)
→
X

satisfies $$\Vert f(x)-f(y)\Vert \le L\Vert A^\alpha (x-y)\Vert $$

‖
f

(
x
)

-
f

(
y
)

‖
≤
L
‖

A
α

(
x
-
y
)

‖

, then a non-constant T-periodic solution of the equation $${\dot{u}}+Au=f(u)$$

u
˙

+
A
u
=
f

(
u
)

satisfies $$LT^{1-\alpha }\ge K_\alpha $$

L

T

1
-
α

≥

K
α

where $$K_\alpha >0$$

K
α

>
0

is a constant depending on $$\alpha $$
α
and the semigroup. This extends results by Robinson and Vidal-Lopez, which have been shown for self-adjoint operators $$A\ge 0$$

A
≥
0

in a Hilbert space. For the latter case, we obtain - with a conceptually new proof - the optimal constant $$K_\alpha $$

K
α

, which only depends on $$\alpha $$
α
, and we also include the case $$\alpha =1$$

α
=
1

. In Hilbert spaces H and for $$\alpha =0$$

α
=
0

, we present a similar result with optimal constant where Au in the equation is replaced by a possibly unbounded gradient term $$\nabla _H{\mathscr {E}}(u)$$

∇
H

E

(
u
)

. This is inspired by applications with bounded gradient terms in a paper by Mawhin and Walter.
On real analytic functions on closed subanalytic domains
Authors: Rainer Armin
Published: April 2024

We show that a function$$f: X \rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$f:X→Rdefined on a closed uniformly polynomially cuspidal setXin$${\mathbb {R}}^n$$Rnis real analytic if and only iffis smooth and all its composites with germs of polynomial curves inXare real analytic. The degree of the polynomial curves needed for this is effectively related to the regularity of the boundary ofX. For instance, if the boundary ofXis locally Lipschitz, then polynomial curves of degree 2 suffice. In this Lipschitz case, we also prove that a function$$f: X \rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$f:X→Ris real analytic if and only if all its composites with germs of quadratic polynomial maps in two variables with images inXare real analytic; here it is not necessary to assume thatfis smooth.
Functional connectivity-hemodynamic (un)coupling changes in chronic mild brain injury are associated with mental health and neurocognitive indices: a resting state fMRI study
Authors: Kagialis Antonios , Simos Nicholas , Manolitsi Katina , Vakis Antonios , Simos Panagiotis , Papadaki Efrosini
Published: April 2024

Purpose

To examine hemodynamic and functional connectivity alterations and their association with neurocognitive and mental health indices in patients with chronic mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Methods

Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and neuropsychological assessment of 37 patients with chronic mTBI were performed. Intrinsic connectivity contrast (ICC) and time-shift analysis (TSA) of the rs-fMRI data allowed the assessment of regional hemodynamic and functional connectivity disturbances and their coupling (or uncoupling). Thirty-nine healthy age- and gender-matched participants were also examined.

Results

Patients with chronic mTBI displayed hypoconnectivity in bilateral hippocampi and parahippocampal gyri and increased connectivity in parietal areas (right angular gyrus and left superior parietal lobule (SPL)). Slower perfusion (hemodynamic lag) in the left anterior hippocampus was associated with higher self-reported symptoms of depression (r =  − 0.53, p = .0006) and anxiety (r =  − 0.484, p = .002), while faster perfusion (hemodynamic lead) in the left SPL was associated with lower semantic fluency (r =  − 0.474, p = .002). Finally, functional coupling (high connectivity and hemodynamic lead) in the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)) was associated with lower performance on attention and visuomotor coordination (r =  − 0.50, p = .001), while dysfunctional coupling (low connectivity and hemodynamic lag) in the left ventral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and right SPL was associated with lower scores on immediate passage memory (r =  − 0.52, p = .001; r =  − 0.53, p = .0006, respectively). Uncoupling in the right extrastriate visual cortex and posterior middle temporal gyrus was negatively associated with cognitive flexibility (r =  − 0.50, p = .001).

Conclusion

Hemodynamic and functional connectivity differences, indicating neurovascular (un)coupling, may be linked to mental health and neurocognitive indices in patients with chronic mTBI.
Digital twins for cardiac electrophysiology: state of the art and future challenges
Authors: Cluitmans Matthijs J. M. , Plank Gernot , Heijman Jordi
Published: April 2024

Cardiac arrhythmias remain a major cause of death and disability. Current antiarrhythmic therapies are effective to only a limited extent, likely in large part due to their mechanism-independent approach. Precision cardiology aims to deliver targeted therapy for an individual patient to maximize efficacy and minimize adverse effects. In-silico digital twins have emerged as a promising strategy to realize the vision of precision cardiology. While there is no uniform definition of a digital twin, it typically employs digital tools, including simulations of mechanistic computer models, based on patient-specific clinical data to understand arrhythmia mechanisms and/or make clinically relevant predictions. Digital twins have become part of routine clinical practice in the setting of interventional cardiology, where commercially available services use digital twins to non-invasively determine the severity of stenosis (computed tomography-based fractional flow reserve). Although routine clinical application has not been achieved for cardiac arrhythmia management, significant progress towards digital twins for cardiac electrophysiology has been made in recent years. At the same time, significant technical and clinical challenges remain. This article provides a short overview of the history of digital twins for cardiac electrophysiology, including recent applications for the prediction of sudden cardiac death risk and the tailoring of rhythm control in atrial fibrillation. The authors highlight the current challenges for routine clinical application and discuss how overcoming these challenges may allow digital twins to enable a significant precision medicine-based advancement in cardiac arrhythmia management.
Nonlinear Fokker–Planck equations with fractional Laplacian and McKean–Vlasov SDEs with Lévy noise
Authors: Barbu Viorel , Röckner Michael
Published: April 2024

This work is concerned with the existence of mild solutions to nonlinear Fokker–Planck equations with fractional Laplace operator $$(- \Delta )^s$$

(
-
Δ
)

s

for $$s\in \left( \frac{1}{2},1\right) $$

s
∈

1
2

,
1

. The uniqueness of Schwartz distributional solutions is also proved under suitable assumptions on diffusion and drift terms. As applications, weak existence and uniqueness of solutions to McKean–Vlasov equations with Lévy noise, as well as the Markov property for their laws are proved.
Intraoperative strategies and techniques to achieve surgical radicality in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Hank Thomas , Leonhardt Carl-Stephan , Klaiber Ulla , Strobel Oliver
Published: April 2024

The treatment of pancreatic cancer presents a challenging task in surgical oncology, demanding innovative approaches to achieve radical resection and improve patient outcomes. This article provides an overview of state-of-the-art surgical principles and techniques for achieving surgical radicality in localized pancreatic cancer, with a particular emphasis on artery-first approaches, the triangle operation, arterial and venous dissection techniques, including arterial divestment, and the significance of R0 resections with complete lymphadenectomy. By applying these techniques and principles of surgical radicality, surgeons are able to enhance resectability, minimize complications, and potentially extend patient survival in the rapidly evolving field of multimodal pancreatic cancer management.
MicroRNA-130b Suppresses Malignant Behaviours and Inhibits the Activation of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway by Targeting MET in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Yang Zilin , Tang Yuming , Wu Xuejiao , Wang Jiancheng , Yao Weiyan
Published: April 2024

There has been interested in the microRNAs’ roles in pancreatic cancer (PC) cell biology, particularly in regulating pathways related to tumorigenesis. The study aimed to explore the hub miRNAs in PC and underlying mechanisms by bioinformatics and fundamental experiments. RNA datasets collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus were analysed to find out differentially expressed RNAs (DERNAs). The miRNA-mRNA and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were built. The clinicopathological features and expressions of hub miRNAs and hub mRNAs were explored. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to assess the interaction between microRNA and target gene. RT-qPCR and western blot were employed to explore RNA expression. The roles of RNA were detected by CCK-8 test, wound healing, transwell, and flow cytometry experiment. We verified 40 DEmiRNAs and 1613 DEmRNAs, then detected a total of 69 final functional mRNAs (FmRNAs) and 23 DEmiRNAs. In the miRNA-mRNA networks, microRNA-130b (miR-130b) was the hub RNA with highest degrees. Clinical analysis revealed that miR-130b was considerably lower expressed in cancerous tissues than in healthy ones, and patients with higher-expressed miR-130b had a better prognosis. Mechanically, miR-130b directly targeted MET in PC cells. Cell functional experiments verified that miR-130b suppressed cell proliferation, migration, promoted apoptosis, and inhibited the PI3K/Akt pathway by targeting MET in PC cells. Our findings illustrated the specific molecular mechanism of miR-130b regulating PC progress. The miR-130b/MET axis may be an alternative target in the therapeutic intervention of PC and provide an opportunity to deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of PC.
Populations, individuals, and biological race
Authors: Diamond-Hunter M. A.
Published: April 2024

In this paper, I plan to show that the use of a specific population concept—Millstein’s Causal Interactionist Population Concept (CIPC)—has interesting and counter-intuitive ramifications for discussions of the reality of biological race in human beings. These peculiar ramifications apply to human beings writ large and to individuals. While this in and of itself may not be problematic, I plan to show that the ramifications that follow from applying Millstein’s CIPC to human beings complicates specific biological racial realist accounts—naïve or otherwise. I conclude with the notion that even if biological races do exist—by fulfilling all of the criteria needed for Millstein’s population concept (which, given particular worries raised by Gannett (Synthese 177:363–385, 2010), and Winther and Kaplan (Theoria 60:54–80, 2013) may not)—the lower-bound limit for the scope of biological racial realism is at the level of populations, and as such they cannot say anything about whether or not individual organisms themselves have races.
Dynamic volatility among fossil energy, clean energy and major assets: evidence from the novel DCC-GARCH
Authors: Ozkan Oktay , Abosedra Salah , Sharif Arshian , Alola Andrew Adewale
Published: April 2024

The objective of this paper is to assess the dynamic volatility connectedness between fossil energy, clean energy, and major assets i.e., Bonds, Bitcoin, Dollar index, Gold, and Standard and Poor's 500 from September 17, 2014 to October 11, 2022. The main motivation of the study relates to examining the dynamic volatility connectedness mentioned during periods of important events such as the recent coronavirus pandemic and the Russia–Ukraine conflict which has shown the vulnerability of economic and financial assets, energy commodities, and clean energy. The novel Dynamic Conditional Correlation-Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (DCC-GARCH) approach is employed for the investigation of the sample period mentioned. Empirical analysis reveals that both the total and net volatility connectedness between assets is time-varying. The highest connectedness among the assets is observed with the onset of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, and it increases with some important international events, such as the Russia–Ukraine conflict, the referendum of Brexit, China–US trade war, and Brexit day. On average, the result shows that 32.8% of the volatility in one asset spills over to all other assets. The DCC-GARCH results also indicate that crude oil, bonds, and Bitcoin act as almost pure volatility transmitters, whereas the Dollar index, gold, and S&P500 act as volatility receivers. On the other hand, clean energy is found neutral to external shocks until the first quarter of 2020 and after that time, it starts to behave as a volatility transmitter. Based on the obtained results, we offer some specific policy implications that are beneficial to the US economy and other countries.

Graphical Abstract

Dynamic volatility connectedness between fossil energy, clean energy, and major assets (Bonds, Bitcoin, Dollar index, Gold, and Standard and Poor's 500)
Dynamic Infrastructure Systems: advancing sustainable urbanization and climate change
Authors: Sánchez-Silva Mauricio , Baker Jack W.
Published: April 2024

Developing and maintaining infrastructure (e.g., roads, airports, water supply, communication networks, power plants, or hospitals) is a priority in a rapidly changing world. However, the gap between infrastructure needs and investments will continue to increase in the coming years, mainly impacting mid- and low-income countries. This problem is aggravated by the fact that traditional long-term planning approaches often lead to under- or over-designing infrastructure with the corresponding investment risks and environmental impacts. This article introduces the “Dynamic Infrastructure Systems” (DIS) concept as a new way to understand infrastructure design and management to support sustainable continuous growth, maintenance, and adaptation. In scenarios of deep uncertainty, infrastructure can best be designed and managed by creating a strategic vision of the future, committing to short-term actions, and establishing a flexible management policy to guide future decisions. This article is motivated by the urgent need to re-think how a key sector is managed and how to make it a positive contributor to sustainability. After the factual and conceptual discussion of the main principles behind DIS, we present a framework for its implementation in practice and discuss barriers and challenges to this vision.
Learning Bayesian Networks: A Copula Approach for Mixed-Type Data
Authors: Castelletti Federico
Published: April 2024

Estimating dependence relationships between variables is a crucial issue in many applied domains and in particular psychology. When several variables are entertained, these can be organized into a network which encodes their set of conditional dependence relations. Typically however, the underlying network structure is completely unknown or can be partially drawn only; accordingly it should be learned from the available data, a process known as structure learning. In addition, data arising from social and psychological studies are often of different types, as they can include categorical, discrete and continuous measurements. In this paper, we develop a novel Bayesian methodology for structure learning of directed networks which applies to mixed data, i.e., possibly containing continuous, discrete, ordinal and binary variables simultaneously. Whenever available, our method can easily incorporate known dependence structures among variables represented by paths or edge directions that can be postulated in advance based on the specific problem under consideration. We evaluate the proposed method through extensive simulation studies, with appreciable performances in comparison with current state-of-the-art alternative methods. Finally, we apply our methodology to well-being data from a social survey promoted by the United Nations, and mental health data collected from a cohort of medical students. R code implementing the proposed methodology is available at https://github.com/FedeCastelletti/bayes_networks_mixed_data.
Gesundheitsförderung mit geflüchteten Frauen: Stärken und Herausforderungen eines Peer-Ansatzes
Authors: Mohammadi Maryam , Huber Anna , Odukoya Dennis , Wächter-Raquet Marcus , von Unger Hella
Published: April 2024

Hintergrund

Geflüchtete Frauen sind gesundheitlichen Herausforderungen ausgesetzt und verfügen gleichzeitig über Ressourcen, die verstärkt zur Gesundheitsförderung genutzt werden können. Peer-Ansätze sind in vielen Bereichen der Gesundheitsförderung erfolgreich. Es bestehen jedoch offene Fragen zu deren Möglichkeiten und Grenzen im Kontext nach der Flucht.

Ziel

Im Rahmen des EMPOW-Projekts wurde eine peer-basierte Intervention der Gesundheitsförderung mit geflüchteten Frauen partizipativ entwickelt und evaluiert, um Erkenntnisse über deren Potenziale zur Gesundheitsförderung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Vulnerabilität und Empowerment in der Situation von Frauen nach der Flucht zu generieren.

Methodik

Am Standort Hannover wurde eine Maßnahme der Gesundheitsförderung von und für Frauen entwickelt, die aus farsi- und arabischsprachigen Ländern nach Deutschland geflohen sind. Die peer-basierte Maßnahme wurde mithilfe von Social Media umgesetzt. Die Prozesse wurden auf Basis von Projektdokumentationen, Protokollen, Feldnotizen und Fokusgruppendaten mithilfe von partizipativen und qualitativen Methoden ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

Der Peer-Ansatz konnte durch persönliche Ansprache und Vernetzung über Sozialen Medien die Gesundheit von geflüchteten Frauen fördern, indem er Kommunikation ermöglichte, Vertrauen schaffte, Selbsthilfepotenziale stärkte und den Zugang zu gesellschaftlichen Ressourcen inklusive Angeboten des Sozial- und Gesundheitswesens erleichterte. Dies war insbesondere im Hinblick auf Erfahrungen gender-basierter Gewalt von großem Vorteil. Herausforderungen und Grenzen des Ansatzes bestehen in der Vulnerabilität der Peers, die als geflüchtete Frauen selbst in einer schwierigen Lebenssituation sind.

Schlussfolgerung

Peer-Ansätze der Gesundheitsförderung sind auch für Frauen nach der Flucht empfehlenswert, sofern bestimmte Voraussetzungen und Unterstützungsstrukturen gegeben sind.
Fecal calprotectin levels in patients with non-celiac wheat sensitivity: a proof of concept
Authors: Seidita Aurelio , Giuliano Alessandra , Soresi Maurizio , Chiavetta Marta , Nardi Emilio , Mogavero Giuseppe , Giannone Giulio , Carroccio Antonio , Mansueto Pasquale
Published: April 2024

Some data suggest the existence of intestinal inflammation in patients with non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS). We aimed to verify whether fecal calprotectin (FCP), a marker of intestinal inflammation, could be used to confirm this inflammatory status and to test its diagnostic performance in differentiating NCWS from irritable bowel syndrome/functional dyspepsia (IBS/FD). We conducted a multicenter study, comparing NCWS patients, diagnosed by a double-blind placebo-controlled wheat challenge, with IBS/FD subjects. In the retrospective phase, FCP values were analyzed to define the prevalence of its positivity and its role as a NCWS diagnostic biomarker. In the prospective phase we tested the effects of a strict 6-month wheat-free diet (WFD) on FCP values. 31.3% (n = 63/201) of NCWS patients had above normal FCP values (NCWS FCP +), whereas all IBS/FD patients proved negative (P = 0.0001). FCP using a cut-off value > 41 µg/g showed a 58.6% sensitivity and a 98.0% specificity (AUC 0.755, 95% C.I. 0.702–0.837) in distinguishing NCWS from IBS/FD patients. Of the 63 NCWS FCP+, 65.1% had negative FCP values after ≥ 6 months of WFD, with a significant reduction in FCP values (P < 0.0001). All NCWS FCP- subjects still preserved negative FCP values after ≥ 6 months of WFD. Our study showed that FCP can be a useful but supplementary diagnostic marker for differentiating between NCWS and IBS/FD. Strict WFD adherence reduced FCP values, normalizing them in 65.1% of NCWS FCP + subjects. These data suggest the existence of two NCWS subgroups: NCWS FCP + characterized by a probable predominantly inflammatory/immunologic pattern and NCWS FCP− featuring non-immuno-mediated etiopathogenetic mechanisms. (Registration number NCT01762579).
Prosecutorial Language, Moral Disengagement, and Sentencing Outcomes in Real Capital Murder Cases
Authors: Fogler Kethera A. J. , Imperio Casey , Brewster JoAnne , Parker Skolnick Megan , Powell Amanda
Published: April 2024

Language reflecting moral disengagement has been shown to influence juries in mock juror studies; however, little to no research has examined this in actual murder cases. Prosecutors play an influential role in capital murder cases during both the guilt phase and sentencing phase of the trial. If a defendant is found guilty, jurors must then decide the appropriate sentence, which can be difficult when the penalties include death versus life without parole. Self-report and mock trial studies suggest that jurors may engage in moral disengagement methods (e.g., moral justification, dehumanizing language) that allow them to distance themselves from the decision. Capital murder trial transcripts were analyzed to investigate the influence of moral disengagement variables on sentencing (“death” versus “life without the possibility of parole”). Results indicate that arguments for future dangerousness were positively correlated with death penalty verdicts, although other types of moral disengagement language strategies were not. An additional linguistic strategy was included, which investigated language that might garner empathy for the victim. This was also positively correlated with a death penalty verdict. This analysis of capital murder trial transcripts reveals differences in influential moral displacement strategies than mock juror studies suggest.
Wettability evaluation of shale oil reservoirs and its impact on the post-fracturing shut-in duration of horizontal wells: a quantitative study for Ordos Basin, NW China
Authors: Lei Qihong , Ma Shuwei , Li Jian , He Youan , Huang Tianjing , Xiao Wenlian , Wang Bo , Liu ChangChun
Published: April 2024

Shale oil development in Ordos Basin, China, primarily relies on the displacement of crude oil during the post-fracturing shut-in stage (PFSIS) of horizontal wells. Reservoir wettability significantly influences the shut-in duration and even the development approach. However, due to strong heterogeneity and super tight characteristics, the reservoir usually shows an mixed wettability, and it was usually hard to differentiate the wettability in different pore sizes. With this in mind, this study focuses on core samples from shale oil reservoir in the Longdong region of the Ordos basin to quantitatively analyze the reservoir wettability. Amott method combined with nuclear magnetic resonance is adopted in the paper to meed this end. And the optimal post-fracturing shut-in duration for Huachi and Heshui areas in the Longdong region are determined based on both wettability and field practice analysis as well as numerical simulations. Qualitative wettability evaluation reveals that the reservoir in the Longdong region is weakly oil-wet (oil-wet pores account for 58.9% and water-wet pores for 41.1%), and that larger pores are more water-wet, while smaller pores are more oil-wet. Field practice observes a noticeable two-stage decline in wellhead pressure, with pressure drop rates and water content decline rates following the order of neutral reservoir > weakly oil-wet reservoir > oil-wet reservoir during the post-fracturing shut-in stage. Numerical simulations indicate that the determination of the optimal post-fracturing shut-in duration for horizontal wells should consider reservoir properties, wettability, and injection volume. The final optimal shut-in durations for the Huachi and Heshui areas in the reservoir are determined to be 36 days and 43 days, respectively. Our study qualitatively distinguishes the wettability in different pores sizes and thus determines reasonable post-fracturing shut-in durations in different areas in Longdong region. The research has major implication for building a realistic method of wettability analysis in shale or tight oil reservoir.
Injury in Starting and Replacement Players from Five Professional Men’s Rugby Unions
Authors: Roberts Simon P. , Stokes Keith A. , Williams Sean , West Stephen W. , Kemp Simon , Cross Matt , Moore Isabel S. , Bitchell Charlotte Leah , Mathema Prabhat , Quarrie Ken , McDonald Warren , Fortington Lauren , Rubio del Castillo Eduardo , Readhead Clint , Sewry Nicola , Falvey Éanna , Tucker Ross
Published: April 2024

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare the incidence, severity, and burden of injury in starting and replacement players from professional men’s teams of five rugby unions.

Methods

Match injuries of greater than 24 h time-loss (including data on the severity, match quarter, event, body region) and player minutes of match exposure data were collated for all starting and replacement players in the men’s English Premiership, Welsh Pro14 (both 2016/17–2018/19 seasons), and Australian, New Zealand, and South African Super Rugby (all 2016–2018 seasons) teams. Injury incidences and mean injury burden (incidence × days missed) were calculated, and rate ratios (RRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were used to compare injury incidence and burden between starting (reference group) and replacement players.

Results

Overall injury incidence was not different between starters and replacements for all injuries (RR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.88–1.10), nor for concussions (RR = 0.85; 95% CI 0.66–1.11). Mean injury burden was higher for replacement players (RR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.17–1.46). Replacement injury incidence was lower than the starters in the third (RR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.51–0.92) and fourth (RR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.67–0.92) match quarters. Injury incidence was not different between starters and replacements for any match event or body region, but compared with starters, replacements’ injury burden was higher in lower limbs (RR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.05–1.46) and in the tackled player (RR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.01–1.66).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated a lower injury incidence in replacement players compared with starters in the second half of matches, with a higher injury burden for replacement players due to higher mean injury severity.
Development and technology status of energy storage in depleted gas reservoirs
Authors: Wan Jifang , Sun Yangqing , He Yuxian , Ji Wendong , Li Jingcui , Jiang Liangliang , Jurado Maria Jose
Published: April 2024

Utilizing energy storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs can improve productivity while reducing power costs and is one of the best ways to achieve synergistic development of "Carbon Peak–Carbon Neutral" and "Underground Resource Utilization". Starting from the development of Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) technology, the site selection of CAES in depleted gas and oil reservoirs, the evolution mechanism of reservoir dynamic sealing, and the high-flow CAES and injection technology are summarized. It focuses on analyzing the characteristics, key equipment, reservoir construction, application scenarios and cost analysis of CAES projects, and sorting out the technical key points and existing difficulties. The development trend of CAES technology is proposed, and the future development path is scrutinized to provide reference for the research of CAES projects in depleted oil and gas reservoirs.

Graphical abstract
Evaluation of the possible impact of the fear of hypoglycemia on diabetes management in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their parents: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Andreopoulou Ourania , Kostopoulou Eirini , Kotanidou Eleni , Daskalaki Sophia , Vakka Angeliki , Galli-Tsinopoulou Assimina , Spiliotis Bessie E
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Hypoglycemia represents a significant source of anxiety for children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and their caretakers. Fear of hypoglycemia (FoH) was measured in children and adolescents with T1DM as well as in their parents using an established research instrument, the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey (HFS).

Methods

This is a two-center, cross-sectional study involving 100 children and adolescents aged 6–18 years old diagnosed with T1DM. One parent of each child also participated in the study. The participants, who were recruited from two different pediatric endocrine outpatient clinics, were asked to complete the translated Greek version of the HFS, which includes one version for children (C-HFS) and one for parents (P-HFS). The association of the questionnaire responses with subjects’ characteristics, such as current age, age at diagnosis, duration of diabetes, HbA1c levels, and mode of diabetes treatment were assessed.

Results

Parents exhibited significantly higher mean HFS scores than their children. No significant correlation was found between the P-HFS or the C-HFS scores and the age of the children, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, or mode of treatment.

Conclusion

The finding that parents experience higher levels of FoH compared to their children emphasizes the importance of healthcare providers to screen parental FoH and focus on approaches to support them in order to reduce their psychological burden, thus optimizing children’s diabetes management.
Combined Vinasse and Mineral NPK Fertilizer Affect Physio-Biochemical, Root, and Yield Characters of Faba Bean (vicia faba l.) Genotypes Grown on Saline Soil
Authors: Ebaid Mohamed , El‑Hady M. A. Abd , El‑Temsah M. E. , El‑Gabry Y. A. , Abdelkader M. A. , Alwahed Saaied Helmy Abd Alhalim Abd , Salama Eslam , Morsi Nahid A. A. , Taha Noura M. , Saad Ahmed M. , Abd‑Elkrem Yasser M.
Published: April 2024

The objective of this study is to assess the effects of combined applications of recommended traditional chemical fertilization NPK 100% without Vinasse and with 100, 75, 50 NPK + Vinasse on Physio-Biochemical, root, shoot traits, yield, and its attributes for four faba bean Giza-429, Giza-843, Misr-2 and Sakha-3 genotypes which are cultivated in the soil is salt affected of eastern Egypt. The experimental design was conducted using a strip-plot design with three replicates in 2020 and 2021. Treatments of different doses of chemical fertilization were 100% NPK without Vinasse and 100%, 75%, and 50% of NPK with Vinasse as supplementary organic fertilizer were arranged in vertical strips, while horizontal strips were devoted to faba bean genotypes (Vicia faba L.) i.e. Giza-429, Giza-843, Misr-2, and Sakha-3. Relative to the other fertilizer combinations, the 75% NPK + Vinasse did not contribute more than 5% more yield to Sakha 3 than it did with the 100% NPK + Vinasse. Both the fertilizer and cultivar main effects had the same positive linear trend, with relatively higher total seed yield in the case of the 75% NPK + Vinasse and of cv. Sakha 3. The harvest index (HI) was different only for fertilizer levels.The 75% NPK + Vinasse differed by a very negligible margin from the 100% NPK + Vinasse, but both differed from the other two levels. Along with seed yield, both straw and biological yields were significant for the interaction effects, as well as for the main effects. Within all fertilizer combinations, cultivars Giza 843 and Saka 3 consistently, as a subgroup, outyielded the other two cultivars, not only for total seed yield but also for all other yield component characters.
Biotinylated cyclic naphthalene diimide as a searching tool for G4 sites on the genome
Authors: Fujii Satoshi , Sato Shinobu , Hidaka Ryuki , Takenaka Shigeori
Published: April 2024

A biotinyl cyclic naphthalene diimide (biotinyl cNDI) (1), in which biotin is introduced on the cyclic linker chain of cNDI with high G-quadruplex (G4) specificity, was synthesized. 1 was used for binding analysis to G4 DNAs such as c-myc, c-kit, CEGF, or TA-core. The results showed that 1 bind to G4 DNAs with high affinity and, especially, two molecules of 1 bind to c-myc DNA from top and bottom of G4 site at K = 3.9 × 10−6 M−1 without changing the G4 structure. As a pulldown assay, 1 and streptavidin magnetic beads could be used to recover a c-myc DNA or 120-mer DNA fragment having single c-myc sequence. The qPCR results for the 120-meric DNAs showed that more than 50% of genomic DNA fragments could be recovered by this pulldown assay. The results obtained here might allow the recovery of G4-containing DNA fragments from genomic DNA to analyze the true G4 present in the genome.

Graphic abstract
Outdoor thermal comfort in open transitional spaces with limited greenery in hot summer/cold winter climates
Authors: Azimi Zahra , Kashfi Seyed Sobhan , Semiari Amir , Shafaat Ali
Published: April 2024

Regarding the constant use of transitional spaces, there is an intense interest in studies on the outdoor thermal comfort in transitional spaces, especially in regions with hot summers. This study aims to analyze the outdoor thermal comfort conditions of a transitional space focusing on vegetation cover change to distill findings into a set of design guidelines for landscape architects and urban planners to enhance the thermal comfort in open transitional spaces, especially in airport terminals with hot summer, and cold winter climate. The case study for this research is an open transitional area at the Mehr-Abad airport. Mehr-Abad airport experiences blistering summers and freezing winters. The environmental situation is analyzed using ENVI-met software. Subsequently, without-grass and without-tree scenarios were simulated to study the impact of greenery on transitional thermal comfort. The results were validated using the on-site collected data. In this study, results demonstrate that the average PET in the current situation is 39.81 ℃ in summer (hot sensation) and 5 ℃ in winter (cold sensation). Based on the results, removing the grass cover is the most suitable scenario for both summer with 35.80 ℃, and winter with 6.68 ℃. The best scenario consists of adding more deciduous trees to open transitional spaces to reduce solar shading in winter. This study provided a better understanding of the effects of vegetation in transient-oriented limited spaces on outdoor thermal comfort and looked deeper into vegetation characteristics concerning the transitional space requirements in hot summer/cold winter climates.
Design, Cultivation, and Acoustic Analysis of a Building-Sized Mycelium Sculpture
Authors: Dessi-Olive Jonathan , Hsu Timothy , Oliyan Omid
Published: April 2024

This paper describes novel computational design, simulation, and fabrication techniques employed in the production of a large sound-absorbing sculpture called Phoenix, made entirely from mycelium-composite materials (myco-materials). Myco-materials are composites made of lignocellulosic agricultural waste fibers bound by fungal mycelium and are produced at commercial scale as alternatives for plastics, insulation foam, or styrene. Mycelium composite materials have known acoustical properties that can be tuned according to variables such as growing time, substrate type, substrate size, and density. The fabrication method for producing the Phoenix sculpture revisits how we build performative and formal complexity in the most economic and sustainable way. The results indicate the potential for grown materials to be used in retrofit projects, allowing rooms to be customized in various acoustical situations, such as music or speech.
Stability-based approaches in chemoproteomics
Authors: George Amy L. , Dueñas Maria Emilia , Marín-Rubio José Luis , Trost Matthias
Published: April 2024

Target deconvolution can help understand how compounds exert therapeutic effects and can accelerate drug discovery by helping optimise safety and efficacy, revealing mechanisms of action, anticipate off-target effects and identifying opportunities for therapeutic expansion. Chemoproteomics, a combination of chemical biology with mass spectrometry has transformed target deconvolution. This review discusses modification-free chemoproteomic approaches that leverage the change in protein thermodynamics induced by small molecule ligand binding. Unlike modification-based methods relying on enriching specific protein targets, these approaches offer proteome-wide evaluations, driven by advancements in mass spectrometry sensitivity, increasing proteome coverage and quantitation methods. Advances in methods based on denaturation/precipitation by thermal or chemical denaturation, or by protease degradation are evaluated, emphasising the evolving landscape of chemoproteomics and its potential impact on future drug-development strategies.
What Rivers Did: a Study of if and how Rivers Shaped Later Prehistoric Lives in Britain and Beyond
Authors: BRUDENELL MATT , COOPER ANWEN , GREEN CHRIS , NIMURA COURTNEY , SCHULTING RICK
Published: April 2024

Countering the passive representation of rivers in many previous accounts of later prehistory – as static vessels for spectacular deposits, highways for transport and communication, and backdrops for settlement and farming – this paper asks if and how rivers actively shaped prehistoric lives. Rivers have long been hailed as conduits for prehistoric materials and ideas. However, positive archaeological correlates of the processes involved are notoriously difficult to identify and have rarely been scrutinised in detail. Using the example of Late Bronze and Early Iron Age pottery in the east of England (1150–350 bc), we examine in detail how prehistoric pottery-making traditions cohered around river valleys over an extended time period and were thus, to a certain extent, generated by rivers. Drawing on wider evidence for the flow of people and things in this region we build a broader multi-dimensional account of how people, objects, and practices moved in a period of diverse lifeways in which the makeup of human mobility is not well understood. In doing so, we hope to tether abstract arguments about the active role of rivers and other non-human elements in shaping past lives and to approach the often missing ‘middle ground’ – small-scale movements at local and regional scales – in existing archaeological discussions about mobility.
Effect of different doses of camelina cake inclusion as a substitute of dietary soyabean meal on growth performance and gut health of weaned pigs
Authors: Luise Diana , Correa Federico , Cestonaro Giulia , Sattin Eleonora , Conte Giuseppe , Mele Marcello , Archetti Ivonne , Virdis Sara , Negrini Clara , Galasso Incoronata , Stefanelli Claudio , Mazzoni Maurizio , Nataloni Luigi , Trevisi Paolo , Costanzo Enrico
Published: April 2024

Camelina cake (CAM) is a co-product proposed as an alternative protein source; however, piglet data are still limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of CAM in substitution of soyabean meal on the growth, health and gut health of weaned pigs. At 14 d post-weaning (d0), sixty-four piglets were assigned either to a standard diet or to a diet with 4 %, 8 % or 12 % of CAM. Piglets were weighed weekly. At d7 and d28, faeces were collected for microbiota and polyamine and blood for reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) and thyroxine analysis. At d28, pigs were slaughtered, organs were weighed, pH was recorded on gut, colon was analysed for volatile fatty acids (VFA) and jejunum was used for morphological and gene expression analysis. Data analysis was carried out using a mixed model including diet, pen and litter as factors; linear and quadratic contrasts were tested. CAM linearly reduced the average daily gain from d0–d7, d0–d14, d0–d21 and d0–d28 (P ≤ 0·01). From d0–d7 increasing CAM linearly decreased feed intake (P = 0·04) and increased linearly the feed to gain (P = 0·004). CAM increased linearly the liver weight (P < 0·0001) and affected the cadaverine (P < 0·001). The diet did not affect the ROM, thyroxine, intestinal pH, VFA and morphology. All doses of CAM increased the α diversity indices at d28 (P < 0·05). CAM at 4 % promoted the abundance of Butyricicoccaceae_UCG-008. Feeding with CAM enhanced resilience in the gut microbiome and can be evaluated as a potential alternative protein source with dose-dependent limitations on piglet growth performance.
Post-prandial tracer studies of protein and amino acid utilisation: what can they tell us about human amino acid and protein requirements?
Authors: Millward D. Joe
Published: April 2024

Nitrogen balance (NB), the principal methodology used to derive recommendations for human protein and amino acid requirements, has been widely criticised, and calls for increased protein and amino acid requirement recommendations have been made, often on the basis of post-prandial amino acid tracer kinetic studies of muscle protein synthesis, or of amino acid oxidation. This narrative review considers our knowledge of the homeostatic regulation of the FFM throughout the diurnal cycle of feeding and fasting and what can and has been learnt from post-prandial amino acid tracer studies, about amino acid and protein requirements. Within the FFM, muscle mass in well fed weight-stable adults with healthy lifestyles appears fixed at a phenotypic level within a wide range of habitual protein intakes. However homoeostatic regulation occurs in response to variation in habitual protein intake, with adaptive changes in amino acid oxidation which influence the magnitude of diurnal losses and gains of body protein. Post-prandial indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) studies have been introduced as an alternative to NB and to the logistically complex 24 h [13C-1] amino acid balance studies, for assessment of protein and amino acid requirements. However, a detailed examination of IAAO studies shows both a lack of concern for homeostatic regulation of amino acid oxidation and  major flaws in their design and analytical interpretation, which seriously constrain their ability to provide reliable values. New ideas and a much more critical approach to existing work is needed if real progress is to be made in the area.
Adaptive backstepping controller based on a novel framework for dynamic solution of an ankle rehabilitation spherical parallel robot
Authors: Ahmadi N Ali , Kamali Eigoli Ali , Taghvaeipour Afshin
Published: April 2024

This research offers an adaptive model-based methodology for autonomous control of 3-RRR spherical parallel manipulator (RSPM) based on a novel modeling framework. RSPM is an overconstrained parallel mechanism that has a variety of applications in medical procedures such as ankle rehabilitation because of its precision and accuracy. However, obtaining a complete explicit dynamic model of these mechanisms for tracking purposes has been a problematic challenge due to their inherent singularities, coupling effects of the limbs, and redundant constraints imposed by the intermediate joints. This paper presents a novel algorithm to obtain the analytical kinematic solutions of RSPMs based on the closed-loop vector method, which includes constraint analysis. By incorporating constrained kinematics into the dynamic model, a comprehensive explicit dynamic solution of the non-overconstrained version 3-RCC of RSPM is developed in task space, based on screw theory and the linear homogeneous property of algebraic equations on the manipulator twist. Based on the proposed computational framework, a robust self-tuning backstepping control (STBC) strategy is applied to the robot to overcome the effect of external disturbances and time-varying uncertainties. Furthermore, an observer-based compensation (OBC) method is presented for dealing with the nonlinear hysteresis loops of the ankle during trajectory tracking purposes. The closed-loop stability of the whole system including STBC and OBC is theoretically performed by Lyapunov methods. The proposed methodologies are validated by realistic co-simulations in different scenarios. For instant, in the presence of external disturbances, the maximum tracking error norm of STBC is 37.5% less than the sliding mode approach.
Effectiveness of pulmonary valve-sparing strategy for transatrial-transpulmonary repair of tetralogy of Fallot: a single institution experience
Authors: Minh Dien T. , Huu Uoc N. , Tuan Bao L. , Tuan Mai N. , Dinh Duyen M. , Quang Vinh T. , Hong Quang Le , St. Louis James , Ly Thinh Truong N.
Published: April 2024

Objective:

We report the midterm results of our strategy utilizing transatrial-transpulmonary repair for tetralogy of Fallot at a single institution in a low-middle income country.

Methods:

Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 532 consecutive patients who underwent definitive repair of tetralogy of Fallot at our institution from 2010 to 2020.

Results:

The median age and weight of patients in the study patients were 11.6 months (interquartile range, 8.6–17.2 months) and 7.5 kg (interquartile range, 6.8-8.8 kg). The pulmonary valve annulus was preserved (no transannular patch) in 398 patients (75%) and a mini-transannular patch was utilized for 134 patients (25%). The overall survival was 98% at 1 year, and 97% at 10-years follow-up, respectively. Longer postoperative ventilation time was the only risk factor correlated to early death (p = 0.004; Odds Risk, 1.04; 95% confidence intervals, 1.01–1.07). Fourteen patients required pulmonary valve replacement (2.6%, 14/532), four required surgical resection to relieve right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (0.8%, 4/532), and freedom from reoperation of the right ventricular outflow tract was 87% at 10 years. The only risk factor for right ventricular outflow tract reoperation was a postoperative systolic pressure gradient through the right ventricular outflow tract of greater than 50 mmHg (p < 0.001; HR, 47; 95% confidence intervals, 9.1–244). In total, 94.6% (471/489) of the patients were asymptomatic at the latest follow-up without significant arrhythmia.

Conclusion:

At our institution in an low-middle income country, the transatrial-transpulmonary repair for tetralogy of Fallot has excellent midterm results with few reoperations required. Close long-term follow-up is essential for patients who undergo repair with a mini-transannular patch and may eventually require pulmonary valve replacement.
A multi-centre randomised control trial of directly observed therapy to promote medication adherence in paediatric heart transplant recipients
Authors: Killian Michael O. , Mayewski Sonnie , Gupta Dipankar
Published: April 2024

Medication non-adherence remains a significant challenge for adolescent heart transplant recipients. Building on the success of a pilot intervention study, herein we describe the protocol for a follow-up randomised control trial using mobile video directly observed therapy, featuring several innovations, to promote medication adherence in a multi-centre sample of adolescent heart transplant patients.