bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Randomized Feature Selection Based Semi-Supervised Latent Dirichlet Allocation for Microbiome Analysis
Authors: Pais Namitha , Ravishanker Nalini , Rajasekaran Sanguthevar , Weinstock George , Tran Dong-Binh
Published: May 2023

Background Health and disease are fundamentally influenced by microbial communities and their genes (the microbiome).An in-depth analysis of microbiome structure that enables the classification of individuals based on their health can be crucial in enhancing diagnostics and treatment strategies to improve the overall well-being of an individual. In this paper, we present a novel semi-supervised methodology known as Randomized Feature Selection based Latent Dirichlet Allocation (RFSLDA) to study the impact of the gut microbiome on a subject's health status. Since the data in our study consists of fuzzy health labels, which are self-reported, traditional supervised learning approaches may not be suitable. As a first step, based on the similarity between documents in text analysis and gut-microbiome data, we employ Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), a topic modeling approach which uses microbiome counts as features to group subjects into relatively homogeneous clusters, without invoking any knowledge of observed health status (labels) of subjects. We then leverage information from the observed health status of subjects to associate these clusters with the most similar health status making it a semi-supervised approach. Finally, a feature selection technique is incorporated into the model to improve the overall classification performance.
Results The proposed method provides a semi-supervised topic modelling approach that can help handle the high dimensionality of the microbiome data in association studies. Our experiments reveal that our semi-supervised classification algorithm is effective and efficient in terms of high classification accuracy compared to popular supervised learning approaches like SVM and multinomial logistic model.
Conclusion The RFSLDA framework is attractive because it (i) enhances clustering accuracy by identifying key bacteria types as indicators of health status, (ii) identifies key bacteria types \textit{within each group} based on estimates of the proportion of bacteria types within the groups, and (iii) computes a measure of within-group similarity to identify highly similar subjects in terms of their health status
The Minimum Number of Examined Lymph Nodes was 24 for Optimal Survival of Pathological T2-4 Gastric Cancer: a multi-center, hospital-based study covering 20 years of data
Authors: Zhao Lulu , Zhang Fan , Jiao Fuzhi , Zhou Xiadong , Han Xue , Niu Penghui , Wang Wanqing , Luan Xiaoyi , He Mingyan , Guan Quanlin , Li Yumin , Zhao Dongbing , Gao Jidong , Chen Yingtai
Published: May 2023

Introduction: The current National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend that at least 16 lymph nodes should be examined for gastric cancer patients to reduce staging migration. However, there is still debate regarding the optimal management of examined lymph nodes (ELNs) for gastric cancer patients. In this study, we aimed to develop and test the minimum number of ELNs that should be retrieved during gastrectomy for optimal survival in patients with gastric cancer.Methods We used the restricted cubic spline (RCS) to identify the optimal threshold of ELNs that should be retrieved during gastrectomy based on the China National Cancer Center Gastric Cancer (NCCGC) database. Northwest cohort, which sourced from the highest gastric cancer incidence areas in China, was used to verify the optimal cutoff value. Survival analysis was performed via Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards models.Results In this study, 12670 gastrectomy patients were included in the NCCGC cohort and 4941 patients in the Northwest cohort. During 1999–2019, the average number of ELNs increased from 17.88 to 34.45 in the NCCGC cohort, while the number of positive lymph nodes remained stable (5%-6%). The RCS model showed a U-curved association between ELNs and the risk of all-cause mortality, and the optimal threshold of ELNs was 24 [Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.00]. The ELN ≥ 24 group had a better overall survival (OS) than the ELN < 24 group clearly (P = 0.003), however, with respect to the threshold of 16 ELNs, there was no significantly difference between the two groups (P = 0.101). In the multivariate analysis, ELN ≥ 24 group was associated with improved survival outcomes in total gastrectomy patients [HR = 0.787, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.711–0.870, P < 0.001], as well as the subgroup analysis of T2 patients (HR = 0.621, 95%CI: 0.399–0.966, P = 0.035), T3 patients (HR = 0.787, 95%CI: 0.659–0.940, P = 0.008) and T4 patients (HR = 0.775, 95%CI: 0.675–0.888, P < 0.001).Conclusion In conclusion, the minimum number of ELNs for optimal survival of gastric cancer with pathological T2-4 was 24.
Chemometrics guided UHPLC-RI method for simultaneous quantification of food bioactive components in fenugreek herbal preparations.
Authors: Agrawal Sristi , Bisen Amol Chhatrapati , Biswas Arpon , Jaiswal Shubham , Choudhury Abhijit Deb , Gupta Sapna , Narender Tadigoppula , Bhatta Rabi Sankar
Published: May 2023

Trigonella foenum graecum (TFG) also known as Fenugreek is a popular herb commonly used as a spice, flavoring, and medicinal agent. It is enriched with bioactive constituents namely pinitol (PT), 4-hydroxy isoleucine (4-HIL), and raffinose (RFO) which are proven to be responsible for TFGs medicinal and health benefits. The current study focuses chemometric guided simultaneous RP-UHPLC method development and validation of three phytocomponents using a universal refractive index detection (RID) technique for quantifying the bioactive components present in the herbal nutraceutical preparations using Design Expert. The nucleosil ® 5 NH2 column maintained at 35°C was used for chromatographic separation against optimum mobile phase composition of acetonitrile: water in the ratio of 70:30, v/v at a flow rate of 0.4 mL min− 1. Finally, this novel approach was used to measure bioactive component concentrations in commercial herbal products intended for human use.
Detection and Identification of Hidden Defects in Layered Polymer Composites Using Combination of Acoustic Resonance and Interferometric Monitoring of Surface Displacements
Authors: Nazarchuk Zinoviy , Voronyak Taras , Kuts Oleksandr , Stasyshyn Ihor , Ivasenko Iryna
Published: May 2023

Method of detection and identification of hidden defects in the structural elements made of layered composite materials is presented in this study. Such defects occur during production of composite materials, composite structures and during their operation. A proposed method of non-destructive testing combines the acoustic load of the test object and the interferometric testing of its surface displacements, which arise as a result of resonance of the acoustic wave in the defect. The defect is considered as an acoustic resonator filled with a medium (under normal conditions – by air) in which only a longitudinal acoustic wave propagates. The novelty of the method is that it allows not only to detect and locate a hidden defect, but also to determine its dimensions. And its advantage is that it does not require knowledge about the mechanical properties of the material, as a result, it is not necessary to determine the speed of sound propagation in the composite; it allows to test materials with arbitrary parameters of its surface roughness (from optically rough to mirror-smooth ISO 4287:2012); uses acoustic waves with frequencies 3...5 times lower than similar methods. Authors presented in this work experimental results that confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
High-temperature Electrothermal Remediation of Multi-Pollutant Soils
Authors: Tour James , Deng Bing , Carter Robert , Cheng Yi , Liu Yuan , Eddy Lucas , Wyss Kevin , Ucak-Astarlioglu Mine , Luong Duy , JeBailey Khalil , Kittrell Carter , Jana Debadrita , Toress Mark , Braam Janet
Published: May 2023

Soil contamination is a global environmental issue due to rapidly increasing anthropogenic activities. Traditional processes for soil remediation often suffer from long treatment time, and lack generality because of different sources, occurrences, and chemical properties of the pollutants. Here, we report a high-temperature electrothermal process for rapid, water-free remediation of multiple pollutants in soil. The temperature of contaminated soil with conductive carbon additives ramps up to 1000 to 3000 °C within seconds via pulsed direct current input, enabling the vaporization of various heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Pb, Co, Ni, and Cu), and graphitization of persistent organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The rapid treatment retains soil mineral constituents while increases water infiltration rate and exchangeable nutrient supply, leading to soil fertilization and improved germination rates. The process is energy-efficient with an electrical energy consumption of ~420 kWh ton-1, less than most conventional thermal remediation techniques. The potential for scaling up the process is outlined.
Bayesian network approach to develop generalisable predictive model for COVID-19 vaccine uptake
Authors: Awasthi Raghav , Nagori Aditya , Nasri Bouchra
Published: May 2023

The effectiveness of a vaccine depends on vaccine uptake, which is influenced by various factors, including vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy is a complex socio-behavioral issue, influenced by misinformation, distrust in healthcare providers and government organizations, fear of side effects, and cultural or religious beliefs. To address this problem, AI models have been developed, but their global generalizability remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to identify global determinants of vaccine uptake and develop a generalizable machine learning model to predict individual-level vaccine uptake. The study used publicly available survey data from 23 countries and employed Bayesian networks and generalized mixed effects models to identify key determinants of vaccine uptake. The results showed that trust in the central government and vaccination restrictions for national and international travel were key determinants of vaccine uptake. A generalized mixed effects model achieved an AUC of 89% (SD = 1%)% (SD = 1%), precision of 90%(SD = 4%), and recall of 82% (SD = 2%) on unseen testing data from new countries, demonstrating the model's generalizability. The findings of this study can inform targeted interventions to improve vaccine uptake globally.
Efficacy Confirmation Study of Aceneuramic Acid Administration for GNE Myopathy in Japan
Authors: Mori-Yoshimura Madoka , Suzuki Naoki , Katsuno Masahisa , Takahashi Masanori P. , Yamashita Satoshi , Oya Yasushi , Hashizume Atsushi , Yamada Shinichiro , Nakamori Masayuki , Izumi Rumiko , Kato Masaaki , Warita Hitoshi , Tateyama Maki , Kuroda Hiroshi , Asada Ryuta , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Nishino Ichizo , Aoki Masashi
Published: May 2023

Background
A rare muscle disease, GNE myopathy is caused by mutations in the GNE gene involved in the sialic acid biosynthesis. Our recent phase II/III study has indicated that oral administration of aceneuramic acid to patients would slow disease progression.
Methods
We conducted a phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter study. Participants were assigned to receive an extended-release formulation of aceneuramic acid (SA-ER) or placebo. Changes in muscle strength and function over 48 weeks were compared between treatment groups using change in the upper extremity composite (UEC) score from baseline to Week 48 as the primary endpoint and the investigator-assessed efficacy rate as the key secondary endpoint. For safety, adverse events, vital signs, body weight, electrocardiogram, and clinical laboratory results were monitored.
Results
A total of 14 patients were enrolled and given orally SA-ER (n = 10) or placebo (n = 4) tablets. Decrease in least square mean (LSM) of change in UEC score at Week 48 with SA-ER (−0.115 kg) was numerically smaller as compared with placebo (−2.625 kg), with LSM difference (95% confidence interval) of 2.510 (−1.720 to 6.740) kg. In addition, efficacy rate was higher with SA-ER as compared with placebo. There were no clinically significant adverse events and other safety concerns observed.
Conclusions
The present study reproducibly showed the effect of orally administered SA-ER on slowing loss of muscle strength and function, indicating supplementation of sialic acid might be a promising replacement therapy for GNE myopathy.
Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04671472)
Time estimation relative to response inhibition in the differential reinforcement of low-rate responding in young adults
Authors: Yang Tsung-Han , Liao Ruey-Ming , Su Chung-I , Chien Chun-Yi , Yen Nai-Shing
Published: May 2023

With recent proposal suggests the multifaceted nature of impulsivity, researchers have been intrigued by the question of whether the impulsive behaviour measured in the traditionally psychological paradigms is unitary. One such paradigm, the differential reinforcement of low-rate responding (DRL), has been used to assess response inhibition, but its’ underlying mechanism has still been debated. In the present research, we examined and differentiated the effects of both response inhibition and time estimation on a multisession DRL-10 seconds (DRL-10s) in a large sample of normal young adults, as well as with three other measures including the stop-signal reaction task (SSRT), time production task-10 seconds (TPT-10s), and the Barrett impulsivity scale-11 (BIS-11). The results showed that individual differences existed in DRL. High efficiency adults produced more reinforced responses, peak rate, and longer peak time, with fewer numbers of total, non-reinforced, and burst responses than low efficiency adults. Most importantly, principal component analysis yielded significant loadings for both efficiency ratio and peak time in the last DRL session with the accuracy of TPT-10s, but none of the DRL indices had loadings with SSRT. In sum, the differential degrees of involvement of the timing process, relative to response inhibition, were observed in DRL.
Immunogenic Treatment for Metastatic Breast Cancer Using Targeted Carbon Nanotube Mediated Photothermal Therapy in Combination with Anti-PD-1
Authors: Faria Gabriela N. F. , Karch Clement G. , Woodward Alexis , Aissanou Adam , Lageshetty Sathish , Silvy Ricardo Prada , Resasco Daniel , Ballon Jorge Andres , Harrison Roger G
Published: May 2023

The high prevalence of breast cancer is a global health concern, but there are no safe or effective treatments for it at its advanced stages. These facts urge the development of novel treatment strategies. Annexin A5 (ANXA5) is a natural human protein ﻿that binds with high specificity to phosphatidylserine, a phospholipid tightly maintained in the inner leaflet of the cell membrane on most healthy cells but externalized in tumor cells and the tumor vasculature. Here, we have developed a targeted photosensitizer for photothermal therapy (PTT) of solid tumors through the functionalization of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to ANXA5—the SWCNT-ANXA5 conjugate. The ablation of tumors through the SWCNT-ANXA5-mediated PTT synergizes with checkpoint inhibition, creating a systemic anti-cancer immune response. In vitro ablation of cells incubated with the conjugate promoted cell death in a dose-dependent and targeted manner. This treatment strategy was tested in vivo with the orthotopic EMT6 breast tumor model in female balb/cJ mice. Enhanced therapeutic effects were achieved by using intratumoral injection of the conjugate and treating tumors at a lower PTT temperature (45oC). When combined with checkpoint inhibition of anti-PD-1, SWCNT-ANXA5-mediated PTT increased survival and 80% of the mice survived for 100 days. Evidence of immune system activation by flow cytometry of splenic cells strengthens the hypothesis of an abscopal effect as a mechanism of prolonged survival.
Evaluation of sedimentary aquifers for the future settlement of population in Northern Quetta valley using vertical Electrical Sounding
Authors: Qureshi Abdul Latif , jamali Muhammad afzal , Hussain Shahzad , Rauf Zahid , Abro Zia u din , Zaidi Arjumand , Memon Farhad Ali , Habib Abdul Qayyum
Published: May 2023

The aim of study to explore the potential of groundwater aquifers in northern area of Quetta valley due to rapidly shifting huge population from whole province of Balochistan and thousands of refugees from Afghanistan border. The depletion of groundwater resources In Quetta valley has become a severe issue, mainly due to prolonged droughts, unregulated extraction, urbanization, and inadequate understanding of the Complex geological conditions. To gain a more in-depth understanding of the hydrogeological conditions in the northern areas of Quetta valley, Geophysical resistivity survey was conducted to explore the subsurface groundwater aquifer and their potential. Total 12 VES were conducted along three different profile lines at the depth of 450m VES interval of 2Km from Pishin bypass to Bostan area. The collected data was processed and analysed using IPI2win software to create geoelectrical section and pseudo-sections displaying the layers and thicknesses of each survey point. It is interpreted that two aquifers are present at various depths, first shallow low potential aquifer lie in silty clay and silty sand lithology in profile 01. In profile 2 and 3 aquifer bearing limestone lithology were encountered. The aquifers in the area are characterized as low pressure and low potential due to the accumulation of silt. It is not advisable to solely rely on groundwater as a source of water for the increasing population. Alternative water sources should be explored, and measures such as installing artificial wells should be taken to recharge the aquifers. Additionally, it is essential that the relevant departments formulate monitoring strategies to keep track of the groundwater levels in the area.
Determinants of the intention to seek psychotherapeutic consultation at work - a cross- sectional study in Germany
Authors: Kohl Fiona , Angerer Peter , Weber Jeannette
Published: May 2023

BackgroundPsychotherapeutic consultation at work (PT-A) provides employees with mental illnesses or subclinical symptoms a short-term and low-threshold access to psychotherapeutic care. However, practical experience shows that utilization falls short of expected demand. Therefore, this study aimed to identify determinants of utilisation by exploring associations between sociodemographic characteristics, psychological well-being, stigma-related barriers and psychosocial safety climate and the intention to seek PT-A.MethodsWithin a cross-sectional study, 688 participants were recruited via various social media channels in Germany. Participants answered an online questionnaire on potential determinants and intention to seek PT-A 1) in general, for 2) occupational burden and 3) private burden. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted for the whole study sample and for the subgroup of participants with current depression.ResultsLower psychological well-being, female gender and lower stigma-related barriers were positively associated with the general intention to seek PT-A. For occupational burden, only diverse gender was associated with lower intention to seek PT-A. For private burden, a lower psychological well-being and lower stigma-related barriers were associated with higher intention to seek PT-A. In the subgroup of participants with current depression, being female and lower stigma-related barriers were positively associated with general intention to seek PT-A. For occupational burden, only being female was positively associated with intention to seek PT-A. Tertiary education was the only significant predictor for intention to seek PT-A for private burden.ConclusionThose results give an overview on potential determinants for the intention to seek PT-A, but future research with longitudinal designs is needed to confirm that those factors also determine actual utilisation of PT-A. Based on the results, practical implications might include antistigma campaigns and promotion of psychotherapeutic consultation at work, adapted to specific target groups and the aims of the consultation.
A Modular Novel Bidirectional Hybrid DC Circuit Breaker Topology for More Electric Avionics
Authors: Agrawal Shubham , Umanand Loganathan , B Subba Reddy
Published: May 2023

A DC-based power distribution system is adopted in the architecture for more electric aircraft (MEA) and all electric aircraft (AEA). The paper proposes a bidirectional Direct Current circuit breaker (DCCB) based on coupled inductor capable of interrupting a short circuit current in few tens of microseconds. The proposed topology is a hybrid circuit breaker that provides arc-less current disruption in the primary circuit. The breaking operation is based on the current reflected in the primary winding from the auxiliary resonant circuit (commutation module). In the proposed converter, the time for circuit breaking is significantly reduced using a current-fed high gain converter, which acts as a boost converter to charge the pre-charging capacitor. The same switches employed in the current fed converters are used in commutation; hence, fewer components are needed. The switches are operated so that the pre-charging capacitor voltage profile is unipolar. A modular approach for DCCB is presented that uses the commutation circuit as a module. With the modular approach of breaking the current in the primary circuit, the voltage and current rating of the DCCB can be enhanced. The presented DCCB with modular commutation circuits can interrupt the current flow in the opposite direction, which makes it a bidirectional DCCB. A detailed simulation study is conducted in Matlab Simulink environment, further experimentally the hardware results are validated for breaking the current in 270V/10A and 540V/5A DC systems.
Risk factors for resistant Gram-positive bacteremia in febrile neutropenic patients with cancer
Authors: Lee Minkyeong , Lee Chan Mi , Byun Ja min , Shin Dong-Yeop , Koh Youngil , Hong Junshik , Choe Pyoeng Gyun , Park Wan Beom , Kim Nam Joong , Yoon Sung-Soo , Oh Myoung-don , Kang Chang Kyung , Kim Inho
Published: May 2023

Purpose Gram-positive bacteria are frequently resistant to empirical beta-lactams in febrile neutropenic patients with cancer. As microbiology and antibiotic susceptibility changes, we reevaluated the risk factors for resistant Gram-positive bacteremia in febrile neutropenic patients with cancer.Methods Episodes of bacteremic febrile neutropenia in Seoul National University Hospital from July 2019 to June 2022 were reviewed. Resistant Gram-positive bacteria were defined as a pathogen susceptible only to glycopeptide or linezolid in vitro (e.g., methicillin-resistant staphylococci, penicillin-resistant viridans streptococci, and ampicillin-resistant enterococci). Episodes were compared to identify independent risk factors for resistant Gram-positive bacteremia.Results Of 225 episodes, 78 (34.7%) involved resistant Gram-positive bacteremia. Multivariate analysis revealed that breakthrough bacteremia while being administered antibiotics (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 8.006; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.532–18.151; P < 0.001), catheter-related infection (aOR 4.425, 95% CI 1.469‒13.331; P = 0.008), and skin or soft tissue infection (aOR 24.421, 95% CI 2.043‒291.862; P = 0.012) were associated with resistant Gram-positive bacteremia. Chronic liver disease (aOR 0.245, 95% CI 0.063‒0.973; P = 0.046) and hypotension at bacteremia (aOR 0.462, 95% CI 0.219‒0.972; P = 0.042) were inversely associated with resistant Gram-positive bacteremia.Conclusion Resistant Gram-positive bacteria should be considered in breakthrough bacteremia, catheter-related infection, and skin or soft tissue infection in febrile neutropenic patients with cancer.
Mathematical biases in the calculation of the Living Planet Index lead to overestimation of vertebrate population decline
Authors: Toszogyova Anna , Smycka Jan , Storch David
Published: May 2023

The Living Planet Index (LPI) measures the overall population trend of vertebrate species over recent decades and has been repeatedly used to assess the changing state of global biodiversity. The LPI indicates that vertebrate populations have decreased by almost 70% over the last 50 years. This is in striking contrast with current studies based on the same population data that show that increasing and decreasing populations are balanced on average. We examined the methodological pipeline of calculating the LPI to search for the source of this discrepancy. We found that the calculation of the LPI is biased by several mathematical issues which impose an imbalance between detected increasing and decreasing trends and overestimate population declines. Rather than indicating that vertebrate populations do not substantially change, our findings imply that population time series used in the Living Planet Database are not suitable for a proper evaluation of current biodiversity changes.
Dissociated Response to PD-1 Inhibitors Combined with Radiotherapy in Patients with Advanced Metastatic Solid Tumors
Authors: Yu qin , Zhang Haiyan , song yan , Chen Chen , Chen Jin , Shen Junkang
Published: May 2023

Background Anti-programmed death 1/anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) combined with radiotherapy (RT) has a synergistic effect on systemic tumor control. A dissociated response (DR), characterized by some lesions shrinking and others growing, has been recognized with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy or combination therapy. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency and clinical benefit of DR in patients with advanced metastatic solid tumors receiving PD-1 inhibitors in combination with RT.Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective analysis of patients with advanced metastatic solid tumors receiving PD-1 inhibitor combined with RT at the Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second People's Hospital Affiliated with Soochow University. Treatment response was assessed for each measurable lesion according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) v 1.1 guidelines. Patterns of response are divided into four groups: 1. DR; 2. uniform response; 3. uniform progression; 4. only stable lesions. The overall survival (OS) of different groups was compared using Kaplan-Meier methods and log-rank tests.Results Between March 2019 to July 2022, 93 patients were included. The median follow-up was 10.5 months (95% CI 8.8–12.1). The most common tumor types were lung cancer (19.8%), colorectal adenocarcinoma (17.2%), and esophageal cancer (10.8%). DR was observed in 22 (23.7%) patients. Patients with DR had significantly longer OS than patients who showed a uniform progression (13.5 months vs. 5.9 months; P = 0.012), of those who continued PD-1inhibitors in combination with RT or PD-1 inhibitors monotherapy (n = 12) experienced significantly prolonged OS (15.7 (95CI 3.5–27.9) vs. 8.2 (95%CI 5.6–10.8) months, P = 0.035) compared with patients who did not continue (n = 10).Conclusions DR is not uncommon (23.7%) in patients with advanced metastatic solid tumors treated with PD-1 inhibitors combined with RT and shows a relatively favorable prognosis. Some patients with DR may benefit from continued PD-1 inhibitor therapy in combination with RT or PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy and may have longer OS.
PTSD and its relationship with the Fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 burden among health care workers after the full liberalization of COVID-19 prevention and control policy in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Huan , Zhou Ningying , Zhou Zhiqing , Tao Xiubin , Kong Yan , Zhang Ming
Published: May 2023

Background Over the past three years, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought an overwhelming impact on China's hospital system and health care workers, and can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous research has shown that during the COVID-19 pandemic, there will be long-term negative impacts on healthcare workers' mental health. Indeed, PTSD has emerged as one of the significant mental health issues for health care workers arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. The status of PTSD of healthcare workers directly affects the quality of national medical and health services. Therefore, it is vital to understand the PTSD situation of healthcare workers in the post-pandemic era.Methods This study was conducted three years after the global COVID-19 pandemic (January 15 to January 16, 2023). The study was administered through a web-based survey platform. The PC-PTSD-5 Chinese Version Scale, Fear of COVID-19 Scale(FCV-19S), Social support Scale, COVID-19 burden Scale, GAD-2, and PHQ-2 were used by the Questionnaire Star platform.Results The prevalence of PTSD in health care workers was 24.3% (232/955). depress(P < 0.001), anxiety(P < 0.05), the Fear of COVID-19(P < 0.001), and COVID-19 burden(P < 0.001) were highly correlated with PTSD in health care workers. Social support(P < 0.05) was a protective factor of smartphone addiction.Conclusions This survey shows that PTSD was highly prevalent among Chinese healthcare workers after the COVID-19 pandemic. Governments and leaders of medical institutions should through psychological interventions to address the current situation of PTSD among health care workers and develop targeted programs and strategies to reduce their psychological problems.
Salt and Sugar Intakes of Adults in the Central Division of Fiji – Findings from a Nutrition Survey of over 500 People
Authors: Silatolu Anasaini Moala , Santos Joseph Alvin , Palu Aliyah , Nand Devina , Deo Alvina , Kama Ateca , Lolohea Susana , Vakaloloma Unise , Seru Litiana , Naivunivuni Penaia , Kumar Shajal , Tawakilai Helen , Vimatemate Emosi , Sanif Mohammed , Misavu Alena , Prasad Andrew Uma , Patay Dori , Woodward Mark , Rogers Kris , Reeve Erica , Bell Colin , Webster Jacqui , Waqa Gade , McKenzie Briar L
Published: May 2023

Background Excess salt and sugar consumption contribute to diet-related diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Given the increasing burden of these conditions in Fiji, this study aimed to estimate salt and sugar intakes and their main sources, in a population of adults in the Central Division of Fiji.Methods One adult (≥ 18 years) per household was randomly selected to participate in the survey in 2022, with sampling stratified by age, sex, and ethnicity (n = 700). The survey included questions on sociodemographic characteristics; measures of blood pressure, weight, and height; and a 24-hour diet recall. Spot-urine samples were collected, with 24-hour urine samples from a sub-sample (n = 200). Sugar intake was estimated from the 24-hour diet recalls as grams per day and as a percentage of total energy intake, in terms of total sugar and free sugar (excluding sugar from fruits, vegetables and dairy). Salt intake was estimated from the spot-urines. 24-hr dietary recall was used to estimate the main sources of salt and sugar by food groups.Results Five hundred and thirty-four people participated in the survey (response rate 76%), 50% were women, and the mean age was 42 years. Salt intake was estimated at 8.8 g/day (95% CI, 8.7 to 9.0). Free sugar intake was estimated at 74.1 g/day (67.5 to 80.7), with 16.1% of total energy intake coming from free sugars (15.0 to 17.1%). The main sources of salt were mixed cooked dishes (40.9% (38.2 to 43.5)), and bread and bakery products (28.7% (26.5 to 31.0)). The main sources of sugar were table sugars, honey, and related products (24.3% (21.7 to 26.8)), non-alcoholic beverages (21.4% (18.8 to 24.0)) and bread and bakery products (18.0% (16.2 to 19.9)).Conclusion Salt and sugar intakes were more than World Health Organization maximum recommendations in this representative sample of Fijian adults. Given salt and sugar was mainly coming from foods with high salt and sugar content along with the addition of salt and sugar to food or drinks, interventions to reduce the amount of sugar and salt in foods are needed along with strategies to help people make healthy food choices.
Bone protection mechanism of Zuogui Pill in an osteoporosis model of breast cancer rats after endocrine therapy
Authors: ao youguang , Chunhui Liu , Lei Yao , La Zhou , Zhaolei Jiang , Jianchao Ma , Zhuorui Shen
Published: May 2023

Background Postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have an increased risk of developing secondary osteoporosis. Zuogui Pill has been proven to have obvious preventative and therapeutic effects against osteoporosis in the clinic. However, the possible mechanism of this bone-protective mechanism of Zuogui Pill is still largely unknown.Methods An osteoporosis model of postmenopausal breast cancer was generated by gavage of letrozole in ovariectomized mice with breast cancer. Serum oestradiol (E2), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and amino terminal propeptide of type Ⅰ collagen (PINP) were detected by enzyme-related immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). After death, the right femur and tibia were taken and stained with HE to observe the bone histopathology. Microcomputed tomography (µCT) was used to detect bone density and trabecular microstructure in vitro. The protein expression levels of Wnt3a, β-catenin and Runx2 in bone tissue were detected by Western blots.Results Zuogui Pill significantly decreased the serum level of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and the level of amino terminal procollagen Ⅰ propeptide (PINP) but had no significant effect on oestradiol (E2). Zuogui Pill improved bone tissue morphology, bone microstructure and bone mineral density. The protein expression levels of Wnt3a, β-catenin and Runx2 in the Zuogui Pill groups were significantly increased.Conclusion Zuogui Pill exerts a bone-protective effect through the Wnt/β-catenin and Wnt/Runx2 pathways and has good application value for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Causal Effects of Gut Microbiome on Cardiovascular diseases: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Xiao Zixi , Zang Xueyan , Dai Zhongyu , Ye Jinting , Zheng Yuhua , Yao Hanyi , Liu Ling
Published: May 2023

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally, taking an estimated 17.9 million lives each year. More evidence has shown that gut microbiota influences the three diseases through metabolites, the observational association between the gut microbiome, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases has been well documented. However, whether there is a causal relationship with this association remains unclear.
Methods: Basing publicly available GWAS aggregated data, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to examine the causal relationship between the gut microbiome, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Two sets of MR analyses were performed. A set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) less than the genome-wide statistical significance threshold (5×10-5) is used as the instrumental variable.
Results: Based on the significance level of locus range, the results showed that there was a causal effect of gut microbial composition on the risk of MI, CI, and CAD. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method shows that Alphaproteobacteria, Clostridialesvadin-BB60groupand Oxalobacteraceae were risk factors for MI, yet FamilyXIII was protective factor. Coriobacteriales, Verrucomicrobiales，ClostridialesvadinBB60groupwere risk factors for CI, while Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Verrucomicrobiae, Enterobacteriales, Enterobacteriaceae, Methanobacteriaceae, Prevotellaceae were protective factors. And Actinomycetaceae was positively related with the risk of CAD, while Gammaproteobacteria and Actinomycetaleswere negatively related with it. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and ClostridialesvadinBB60group could casually related with CVDs.
Conclusion: Our MR Analysis showed a causal relationship between gut microbiome and CVDs, which may help provide new insights into mechanisms underlying of CVDs.
Fall risk score in community-dwelling older people: a derivation and validation study
Authors: Zhou Ming , Zhang Gongzi , Wang Na , Zhao Tianshu , Liu Yangxiaoxue , Geng Yuhan , Wang Ning , Peng Nan , Huang Liping
Published: May 2023

Background : Early clinical detection of patients at high risk of falling is crucial. This study aimed to derive internally validate the novel risk score to classify patients at high risk of falls.
Methods: Study data from 334 older people from the fall clinic in medical center. We developed logistic regression model on the entire dataset using screened-out variables by Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO) regression, with 1-year falls prediction. Using bootstrap method, we evaluated the model performance with measures of overall predictive performance, discrimination, and calibration. The clinical usefulness and net benefit were estimated with decision curve analysis. To streamline assessment process, we created a scoring system for predicting 1-year fall risk.
Results: Model 1 showed a C-index of 0.803 [95% CI 0.7491–0.8569]. The internal bootstrap validation indicated only minimal overfitting (optimism-corrected C-index 0.802). Model 2 showed a C-index of 0.752 (95% CI 0.6981–0.8059). The internal bootstrap validation indicated only minimal overfitting (optimism-corrected the C-index 0.747). Compared with model 2, model 1 also significantly improved continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI) [0.4682 (0.3141–0.6223), P < 0.01], categorical NRI [0.507 (0.2905–0.7235), P < 0.01, cutoff: 0.2–0.8), and integrated discrimination improvement [0.2047 (0.1473–0.2621), P < 0.01].
Conclusions: This study developed and internally verified a score for predicting fall risk of community-dwelling older people. The score could predict falls in elderly people with relatively higher accuracy compared with timed up and go test and 30-s chair sit-stand test.
Co-designing and piloting a mental health intervention among young adults in post-secondary education in post-conflict areas in Colombia: A study protocol
Authors: Zimmerman Annie , Durán María Camila García , Araya Ricardo , Avendaño Mauricio , Hessel Philipp , Díaz Yadira , Niño Omar Dario Peña , Donetto Sara , Lux Martha Escobar , Idrobo Fabio
Published: May 2023

Purpose Colombia has endured more than five decades of internal armed conflict, which led to substantial costs for human capital and mental health. There is currently little evidence about the impact of incorporating a mental health intervention within an existing public cash transfer programme to address poverty, and this project aims to develop and pilot a mental health support intervention embedded within the human capital programme to achieve better outcomes among beneficiaries, especially those displaced by conflict and the most socioeconomically vulnerable.Methods The study will consist of three phases: semi-structured one-to-one interviews, co-design and adaptations of the proposed intervention with participants and pilot of the digital intervention based on cognitive behavioural therapy and transdiagnostic techniques. to determine its feasibility, acceptability, efficacy, and usefulness in 'real settings'. Results will inform if the intervention improves clinical, educational and employment prospects among those who use it.Results Knowledge will be generated on whether the mental health intervention could potentially improve young people's mental health and human capital in conflict-affected areas? We will evaluate of the impact of potential mental health improvements on human capital outcomes, including educational and employment outcomes.Conclusion Findings will help to make conclusions about the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention, and it will assess its effectiveness to improve the mental health and human capital outcomes of beneficiaries. This will enable the identification of strategies to address mental health problems among socioeconomically vulnerable young people that can be adapted to different contexts in in low and middle-income countries.
Selenium Concentrations and Their Relation to Insulin Resistance in Obese Women
Authors: Soares Tamires da Cunha , Cardoso Bruna Emanuele Pereira , Dias Thaline Milany Silva , Morais Jennifer Beatriz Silva , Melo Stéfany Rodrigues de Sousa , Santos Loanne Rocha dos , Fontenelle Larissa Cristina , de Sousa Thayanne Gabryelle Visgueira , Sousa Mickael de Paiva , Oliveira Francisco Erasmo , de Sousa Gustavo Santos , Henriques Gilberto Simeone , Marreiro Dilina do Nascimento
Published: May 2023

Several studies have shown the importance of selenium in preventing important metabolic disorders associated with obesity, such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance. However, the results of these studies are still controversial. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate selenium concentrations and their relation to insulin resistance in obese women. A cross-sectional study involving 213 women divided into a case group (obese women, n = 84) and a control group (eutrophic women, n = 129). Energy, macronutrient and selenium intake were obtained from the three-day food record. Evaluation of selenium in plasma, erythrocyte and urine was performed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Serum glucose concentrations were determined according to the colorimetric enzymatic method. Fasting insulin and glycated hemoglobin were analyzed according to the chemiluminescence method. The mean values of dietary selenium intake (µg/kg/day) by obese women were lower than the control group (p < 0.001). Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations had reduced values in the obese women (p < 0.001), while selenium concentrations found in urine were higher (p < 0.001). There was no statistical difference between the groups regarding glycemic control parameters (p > 0.05). There was a positive correlation between dietary selenium intake (µg/day), fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin and HOMA-β, as well as between dietary intake (µg/kg/day), fasting insulin and HOMA-β (p < 0.05). The evaluated women with obesity present alterations in the nutritional status regarding selenium. In addition, it evidences a positive relationship between dietary selenium and markers of glycemic control, which may reflect the possible negative action of selenium on insulin action signaling.
Machine Learning-Based Classification Models for Non-Covalent Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Predictive Ability and Interpretability
Authors: Li Guo , Li Jiaxuan , Tian Yujia , Zhao Yunyang , Pang Xiaoyang , Yan Aixia
Published: May 2023

In this study, we built classification models using machine learning techniques to predict the bioactivity of non-covalent inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and to provide interpretable and transparent explanations for these predictions. To achieve this, we gathered data on BTK inhibitors from the Reaxys and ChEMBL databases, removing compounds with covalent bonds and duplicates to obtain a dataset of 3895 inhibitors of non-covalent. These inhibitors were characterized using MACCS fingerprints and Morgan fingerprints, and four traditional machine learning algorithms (decision trees (DT), random forests (RF), support vector machines (SVM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost)) were used to build 16 classification models. In addition, four deep learning models were developed using deep neural networks (DNN). The best model, Model D_4, which was built using XGBoost and MACCS fingerprints, achieved an accuracy of 94.1% and a Mathews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.75 on the test set. To provide interpretable explanations, we employed the SHAP method to decompose the predicted values into the contributions of each feature. We also used K-means dimensionality reduction and hierarchical clustering to visualize the clustering effects of molecular structures of the inhibitors. The results of this study were validated using crystal structures, and we found that the interaction between the BTK amino acid residue and the important features of clustered scaffold was consistent with the known properties of the complex crystal structures. Overall, our models demonstrated high predictive ability, and a qualitative model can be converted to a quantitative model to some extent by SHAP, making them valuable for guiding the design of new BTK inhibitors with desired activity.
Geospatial characterization of climate-smart agroforestry in two contrasting physiographic zones of Rwanda
Authors: Ntawuruhunga Donatien , Ngowi Edwin Estomii , Mangi Halima Omari , Salanga Raymond John , Shikuku Kelvin Mashisia
Published: May 2023

The unmatched world population growth with production has increased human demand causing starvation consequent to food shortage. Climate-smart agroforestry (CSAF) among other options can enhance productivity, improve income and food security, and stabilize the environment. This study investigates the land suitability for CSAF in the Bugesera and Rulindo regions of Rwanda. After searching the literature and the local expert knowledge and opinions, nine variables were considered for investigation in the study viz. elevation, slope, soil type, rainfall, temperature, LU/LC, distance from roads and trade centers, and landslide risks. The analysis used two commonly known techniques (AHP and GIS) integrated to classify and sort out the suitable land for CSAF practices and development. Results identified three CSAF suitability zones, ranging from 1,662.82ha (1.60%) as most suitable and 90,123.78ha (86.62%) suitable to 12,262.50ha (11.78%) unsuitable zones in Bugesera. In Rulindo, suitability zones range from 709.92ha (9.69%) as most suitable and 6,514.56ha (88.92%) suitable to 102.24ha (1.39%) unsuitable land for CSAF. Results further showed that the available means suitable land for CSAF are 34,683.03ha in Bugesera (34,683.03 ± 48,304.71) and 2,442.24ha in Rulindo (2,442.24 ± 3,539.79). Land suitability scores for CSAF largely varied across sites (F = 1.33, p = 0.31). Cross-validation using ground-truthing information (field visit and collection of GPS-based ground coordinates of random locations of actual CSAF) and evidence from literature about existing CSAF mostly supported the generated CSAF suitability maps (nearly 91% of ground-based locations supported the model output). These results reveal the extent of implementation of CSAF practices in the targeted areas. In areas such as Bugesera and Rulindo where investigations on CSAF are scanty, suitability maps in this study would allow identifying sites with high potential for CSAF. The cross-site suitability mapping and analysis for CSAF would provide an opportunity to policy-makers for location-specific land use planning for expanding and implementing CSAF-based models. Those would assist in addressing ecosystem restoration, optimum farm production, increased income, and enhanced food security. This study will pave the way for further studies on the potential CSAF and possibly required interventions for the assessed areas.
A simple one-pot method for growing metal (Co, Ni, Cu) oxide naoparticles on N-doped reduced graphene oxide and their application in lithium-ion storage
Authors: Li Sijia , Duan Qiuling , Li Tao , Gao Xiang , Yang Xia , Bao Lin , Li Yan
Published: May 2023

Nanomaterials have been used as the electrodes of lithium-ion batteries during the past years. Designing nanomaterials with a simple method is significant for saving the cost of lithium-ion batteries that will be applied in electric vehicles and portable electronic devices. In this study, a simple one-pot strategy was proposed to grow MOx (M = Co, Ni, Cu) metal oxide nanoparticles on N-doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets. The MOx/N-doped rGO composites were subsequently studied as the anodes of lithium-ion batteries. Results demonstrated that the one-pot method effectively prevents the aggregation of nanoparticles and the restacking of graphene sheets, which is important to improve the electrochemical performance of composites. Electrochemical measurements of the three composites as anode materials exhibited the high reversible capacitance, rate capability, and cyclic stability. The proposed simple one-pot method may provide researchers and industry with a new strategy to manufacture cost-effective graphene-based nanomaterials for high performance anodes of lithium-ion batteries.