bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Flare: Recurrent pericarditis in children and adolescents: report of 16 cases
Authors: Bagrul İlknur , Aydın Elif Arslanoğlu , Baglan Esra , Dogan Vehbi , Örün Utku Arman , Ozdel Semanur
Published: May 2024

Objectives
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical findings and follow-up data of 16 children and adolescents with recurrent pericarditis (RP).
Methods
This study had a retrospective design and included 16 pediatric patients (14 males, 2 females) with recurrent pericarditis evaluated between January 2017 to January 2023. The initial diagnosis of pericarditis was made according to the criteria determined in the European Society of Cardiology guideline.
Results
We enrolled 16 children with recurrent pericarditis with median age 12.8 years (8–17 years). Pericardial effusion in 11 patients (68.7%). Eight patients (50%) presented with fever. Pericardiocentesis was performed in 9 (56.2%) patients. The median erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at the time of diagnosis (IQR) were 43 (25–70) mm/h and 107 (61–190) mg/L, respectively. In total, 16 patients had 36 recurrences (mean 2.25, range 2–6) during follow-up. The main symptom during the relapses was chest pain, similar to that of the first attack. Four patients (25%) had a history of previous cardiac surgery. Three patients were treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) only. NSAID and colchicine were administered to 13 patients. One patient received corticosteroid and one patient received anakinra treatment.
Conclusions
Patients with recurrent pericarditis in childhood have an autoinflammatory phenotype. Furthermore, successful management of patients with recurrent pericarditis requires a teamwork approach involving cardiologists, rheumatologists and clinical immunologists.
Deciphering the Role of the MST1/2-YAP Axis in Irisin-Treated Aplastic Anemia: Implications for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Function
Authors: Liu Xia , Li Hui , Guan Bingxin , Kong Dexiao
Published: May 2024

Aplastic anemia (AA) is a debilitating hematological disorder characterized by bone marrow failure. Recent advancements in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) research have highlighted potential therapeutic avenues, particularly through the modulation of cellular pathways influenced by novel agents like Irisin. This study investigates Irisin's effects on MSCs in the context of AA using advanced techniques such as single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics. Irisin administration in AA model mice significantly altered gene expression in MSCs, particularly affecting 935 genes associated with the Hippo signaling pathway, notably the MST1/2-YAP axis. These changes were linked to decreased adipogenic differentiation and enhanced mitochondrial membrane system homeostasis. In vitro experiments supported these findings, showing Irisin's capability to inhibit the MST1/2-YAP signaling pathway and suppress adipogenesis in bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). Corresponding in vivo studies demonstrated that Irisin treatment not only downregulated Mst1 and Mst2 but also upregulated Yap expression. Importantly, these molecular alterations led to reduced bone marrow adiposity and improved hematopoietic function in AA mice, showcasing Irisin's potential as an effective treatment option. The study underscores the critical role of the MST1/2-YAP pathway in mediating Irisin's therapeutic effects, suggesting promising strategies for AA management through targeted MSC pathway modulation.
Multiomics coupled with vibrational spectroscopy identify early mechanisms of experimental aortic valve stenosis
Authors: Anousakis-Vlachochristou Nikolaos , Mavroidis Manolis , Miliotis Marios , Makridakis Manousos , Barla Ioanna , Athanasiadou Dimitra , Alexiou Athanasios , Varela Aimilia , Vatsellas Giannis , Elsharkawy Sherif , Katsa Maria , Panara Anthi , Karnachoriti Maria , Chan Ka Lung Andrew , Lekkos Konstantinos , Boukos Nikos , Lali Dimitra , Skoulakis Anargyros , Papanikolaou Aggelos , Salvanou Evangelia-Alexandra , Galiatsatos Nikolaos , Bouziotis Penelope , Kaklamanis Loukas , Kostomitsopoulos Nikolaos , Synetos Andreas , Drakopoulou Maria , Lymperiadis Dimitrios , Adamopoulos Stamatios , Gikas Evagelos , Kontos Athanassios , Miliou Antigoni , Gazouli Maria , Vlahou Antonia , Hatzigeorgiou Artemis , Thomaidis Nikolaos , Anagnostopoulos Constantinos , Cokkinos Dennis , Toutouzas Konstantinos
Published: May 2024

Calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS), characterized by calcium deposition in the aortic valve in a multiannual process, is associated with high mortality and morbidity. To understand phenomena at its early stages, reliable animal models are needed. Here, we used a critically revised high-fat vitamin D2 diet rabbit model to unveil the earliest in vivo-derived mechanisms linked to CAVS progression. We modeled the inflammation-calcification temporal pattern seen in human disease and investigated molecular changes before inflammation. Coupling comprehensive multiomics and vibrational spectroscopy revealed that among the many procedures involved, mechanotransduction, peroxisome activation, DNA damage-response, autophagy, phospholipid signaling, native ECM proteins upregulation, protein cross-linking and self-folding, are the most relevant driving mechanisms. Activation of Complement 3 receptor, Immunoglobulin J and TLR6 were the earliest signs of inflammation. Among several identified key genes were AXIN2, FOS, and JUNB. Among 10 identified miRNAs, miR-21-5p and miR-204-5p dominated fundamental cellular processes, phenotypic transition, inflammatory modulation, and were validated in human samples. The enzymatic biomineralization process mediated by TNAP was complemented by V-type proton ATPase overexpression, and the substitution of Mg-pyrophosphate with Ca-pyrophosphate. These data extend our understanding on CAVS progression, facilitate the refinement of pathophysiological hypotheses and provide a basis for novel pharmaceutical therapy investigations.
Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway enhances PD-L2 transcription to promote cancer immune evasion
Authors: Ando Toshinori , Okamoto Kento , Sato Kuniaki , Goto Yusuke , Izumi Hiroki , Kataoka Nanako , Ueda Yume , Iglesias-Bartolome Ramiro , Yoshimoto Tetsuya , Shintani Tomoaki , Yanamoto Souichi , Miyauchi Mutsumi , Gutkind J Silvio , Kajiya Mikihito
Published: May 2024

The Hippo pathway and its downstream effectors, YAP/TAZ, exhibit aberrant regulation across various cancer types, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, facilitating cancer cell growth. However, YAP/TAZ influence on cancer immune evasion remains poorly understood. Herein, we show that cancer patients harboring mutations regulating the Hippo pathway and YAP/TAZ hyperactivation may be sensitized to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy owing to high TMB and PD-L2 expression. YAP/TAZ hyperactivation induces loss of differentiation and genome instability, resulting in high TMB. YAP/TAZ recruits TEAD, BRD4, and RNA polymerase Ⅱ to the super-enhancer and promoter regions of PD-L1 and PD-L2. YAP/TAZ predominantly induce PD-L2, in turn, PD-L2 activates Stat3 that partially induces PD-L1 expression. YAP/TAZ recruit CD8+ T cells via TMB but evade them through PD-L2. YAP/TAZ hyperactivation may represent a better predictor for stratifying patients undergoing ICI therapy. Targeting YAP/TAZ/TEAD could offer a promising treatment avenue for cancers harboring YAP/TAZ hyperactivation.
On-Road Vehicle Aerodynamics with the Ring-of-Fire Concept
Authors: Hüttig Steffen , Kühn Malte , Gericke Timo , Bloem Guus , Sciacchitano Andrea , Akkermans Rinie A.D.
Published: May 2024

This paper presents the first full-scale particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements to analyze the complete flow field of a car under real driving conditions. The Ring of Fire (RoF) measurement concept, introduced by Terra et al. (Exp Fluids 58:83, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-017-2331-0), is adapted to automotive demands to validate CFD simulations for further improvements of vehicle aerodynamics. The experiment consists of a tunnel setup, where neutrally buoyant helium-filled soap bubbles are used as flow tracers and are illuminated by two high-speed lasers; four high-speed cameras captured the particles motion in two separate Stereo-PIV-configurations with fields of view of 1.3 x 0.6 m2 and 2.8 x 2.2 m2. Data for a Volkswagen up!, while driving on a test track at a constant speed of 33.33 m/s was acquired and processed with standard multi-pass PIV algorithms, in order to quantify the flow field and estimate limits of the described measurement principle for on-road car aerodynamics. The resulting velocity fields are compared with CFD-simulations, showing agreement for the here considered cases within 9.65 - 6.97%, based on the root-mean-square error between the experimental and the numerical results. Furthermore, drag calculation from the obtained velocity fields based on moment conservation is performed and the percent difference to wind tunnel measurements reaches values below 3.0%.
A CNN-based approach for 3D artefact correction of intensity diffraction tomography images
Authors: PIERRÉ WILLIAM , BRIARD MATÉO , DESISSAIRE SYLVIA , DHELLEMMES MAGALI , LLANO EDGAR DEL , LOEUILLET CORINNE , RAY PIERRE F. , ARNOULT CHRISTOPHE , ALLIER CÉDRIC , HERVÉ LIONEL , PAVIOLO CHIARA
Published: May 2024

3D reconstructions after tomographic imaging often suffer from elongation artifacts due to the limited-angle acquisitions. The retrieval of the original 3D shape is not an easy task, mainly due to the intrinsic morphological changes that biological objects undergo during their development. Here we present a novel approach for the correction of 3D artifacts after 3D reconstructions of intensity-only tomographic acquisitions. The method relies on a network architecture that combines a volumetric and a 3D finite object approach. The framework was applied on time-lapse images of a mouse preimplantation embryo developing from fertilization to the blastocyst stage, proving the correction of the axial elongation, the recovery of the spherical objects and improved quantitative refractive index values. This work paves the way for novel directions on a generalized non-supervised pipeline suited for different biological samples and imaging conditions.
A Successive Refinement for Solving Stochastic Programs with Decision-Dependent Random Capacities
Authors: Medal Hugh , Affar Samuel
Published: May 2024

We study a class of two-stage stochastic programs in which the second stage includes a set of components with uncertain capacity, and the expression for the distribution function of the uncertain capacity includes first-stage variables. Thus, this class of problems has the characteristics of a stochastic program with decision-dependent uncertainty. A natural way to formulate this class of problems is to enumerate the scenarios and express the probability of each scenario as a product of the first-stage decision variables; unfortunately, this formulation results in an intractable model with a large number of variable products with high-degree. After identifying structural results related to upper and lower bounds and how to improve these bounds, we present a successive refinement algorithm that successively and dynamically tightens these bounds. Implementing the algorithm within a branch-and-cut method, we report the results of computational experiments that indicate that the successive refinement algorithm significantly outperforms a benchmark approach. Specifically, results show that the algorithm finds an optimal solution before the refined state space become too large.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2020) 90-08 · 90-10
Inhibition of type I interferon signalling is involved in the anti-atherogenic effects of Andrographis paniculata
Authors: Liu Mingchao , Liu Fangfang , Alsherbiny Muhammad A. , Li Xuejie , Huang Yajie , Yan Feng , Wang Yuan , Li Chunguang , Jiang Fan , Cheng Wen
Published: May 2024

Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees (AP) is a medicinal herb widely used in many Asian countries. Andrographolide, the best-characterised bioactive compound in AP, has been shown to have beneficial effects against atherosclerosis. However, there is little information about the effects and underlying mechanisms of the whole AP plant on the development of atherosclerosis. To address this question, we treated apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (on a cholesterol-enriched diet) with AP decoction via dietary supplementation. The biological mechanisms were studied in mouse primary peritoneal macrophages treated with crude serum preparations isolated from normal rats receiving vehicle or AP decoction treatment. We demonstrated that AP significantly reduced the plaque area in both thoracic and abdominal aortas in mice. In macrophage cells, genome-wide mRNA sequencing revealed that AP reversed ~ 70% of the genes responsive to lipopolysaccharides. Further bioinformatics analysis indicated that AP inhibited type I interferon (IFN) signalling. In mouse aortas and lipopolysaccharides-challenged macrophages, we confirmed that AP downregulated the expression of a panel of genes comprising the core modules in the type I IFN signalling. In particular, western blot experiments in macrophage cells demonstrated that AP significantly reduced the total protein level of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), while IFN-β-induced STAT1 phosphorylation was not changed. In conclusion, given the established pathogenic effects of type I IFN in atherosclerosis, our results suggest that inhibition of the type I IFN signalling in macrophages is partly involved in the anti-atherogenic effects of Andrographis paniculata.
Rawls iza vela neznanja
Authors: Cvijanović Hrvoje
Published: May 2024

Autor propituje misaoni eksperiment »vela neznanja« i načela pravednosti Johna Rawlsa putem dvaju glavnih smjerova kritike. Prvo, iako Rawls konstruira veo neznanja kantovskim kategorijama, autor izvodi Rawlsovu motivaciju iz poveznice pravednosti s tradicijom obuzdavanja pleoneksične ljudske prirode, tvrdeći da je u tom kontekstu Rawlsova kantovska retorika zapravo pogonjena hobsovskim strahom od nestabilnosti koji proizlazi iz problema suradnje u tradiciji društvenog ugovora. Drugo, veo neznanja lukavi je instrument privilegiranih za očuvanje prethodno stečenih prednosti, kontrolu stabilnosti i prikrivanje društveno-političkih nepravdi. Pri tome, načelo razlike koje iz njega proizlazi ne umanjuje jaz nejednakosti – ekonomskih i povijesnih – nego ga legitimira i utvrđuje. Zapravo, Rawlsov buržoaski liberalizam i njegovi teorijski konstrukti služe hedgiranju bolje stojećih osiguravajući im i uvećavajući ono što već imaju.
Sposobnosti i pravednost za ljude koji nemaju sposobnosti razložnosti i racionalnosti
Authors: Martinić Iva , Baccarini Elvio
Published: May 2024

U članku razmatramo prigovore pristupa sposobnosti upućene Rawlsovoj teoriji pravednosti. Prigovor je da Rawlsova teorija isključivim fokusom na razložnost i racionalnost, kao na esencijalna svojstva osoba koje su obuhvaćene opsegom pravednosti, isključuje iz njezine domene ljude koji ta svojstva ne posjeduju (poput osoba s teškim mentalnim oštećenjima). Ukazujemo na nedostatke alternativnog prijedloga teorije sposobnosti koji je utemeljen na dostojanstvu vrste jer tvrdimo da taj pojam ne može utemeljiti valjane normativne zaključke. Prihvaćamo Rawlsovu ideju da sadržaje pravednosti, prije svega prava, određuju razložni ljudi (idealni zakonodavci). Međutim, smatramo da sadržaje pravednosti ne utvrđuju imajući u vidu samo svoje apstraktne karakteristike racionalnih i razložnih bića, nego raznolika prava i sposobnosti. S obzirom na svoju osobinu razložnosti, koja pretpostavlja nepristranost, utvrđuju prava i sposobnosti koje treba zaštititi univerzalno. Na taj su način i bića koja nemaju sposobnost racionalnosti i razložnosti obuhvaćena u doseg pravednosti.
Crescimento inicial de plantas de girassol cultivadas sob ambientes de luz
Authors: Martins de Souza Cristian , Santos Brito Gildeon , De Jesus Neto Alfredo Teles de Jesus Neto , Santos de Souza Girlene
Published: May 2024

O girassol (Helianthus annuus l.) é uma planta anual com alto valor nutricional e produtivo. Dentre os fatores externos que influenciam no crescimento das plantas, a luz é um dos mais importantes, visto que ela atua diretamente nos processos metabólicos para obtenção de energia. Entretanto, nota-se ausência de informações quanto ao ambiente de luz ideal para o cultivo de girassol, visto que ela é limitante no crescimento vegetal. Diante disso, foi desenvolvido um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar a influência dos ambientes de luz no crescimento e produção de plantas de girassol. O experimento foi conduzido na casa de vegetação da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com quatro ambientes de luz: pleno sol (controle), malha vermelha, malha preta e malha aluminet (ambas com 50% de irradiância) e seis repetições, totalizando vinte e quatro unidades experimentais. Ao final de quarenta dias foram avaliados os parâmetros fisiológicos de crescimento. O maior crescimento em altura foi observado para plantas cultivadas nos ambientes sob as malhas aluminet e vermelha, com um incremento de 22,21 cm e 23,56 cm, respectivamente, em comparação com o controle. A malha aluminet favoreceu o aumento do comprimento da raiz em 36,54 % em relação à malha vermelha. O cultivo de girassol sob pleno sol aumentou a produção de fitomassa, enquanto as malhas preta e vermelha reduziram esse crescimento. Plantas de girassol cultivadas nos ambientes sombreados responderam à modificação do espectro luminoso proporcionado pelas malhas.
Revista Eletrônica Científica da UERGS: uma realidade!
Authors: Da Luz Arisa Araújo
Published: May 2024

Após 14 anos da criação da UERGS - Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, a universidade do povo gaúcho – nasce sua primeira Revista Eletrônica Científica, fruto de muitas discussões realizadas nos vários espaços das 24 unidades em que a UERGS está presente. Um trabalho realizado a várias mãos, de forma coletiva, com muita dedicação, profissionalismo, rigor e comprometimento. Já em seu nascedouro, a Revista Eletrônica Científica da UERGS demonstra a conectividade com o momento atual ao firmar parceria com a Fundação de Ciência e Tecnologia - CIENTEC. Entre outros pontos positivos, este trabalho terá abrangência maior, pois, ao mesmo tempo em que circulará de forma geral, estará direcionada também a um público específico. O público da CIENTEC. Nesta primeira edição, a revista recebeu 25 artigos submetidos - mais que o dobro necessário para a publicação de uma Edição na área Interdisciplinar. É a demonstração de interesse e de confiabilidade de pesquisadores, professores e extensionistas de diversas áreas do conhecimento e de regiões do Brasil. Essa procura pela publicação gerou entre os integrantes da Equipe Editorial, ao mesmo tempo, grata surpresa e convicção de que a revista nasce grande. Essa excelente procura é traduzida como credibilidade, o que faz deste lançamento um momento especial, comentado e aguardado com grande expectativa.
Registros fotográficos do 3o SiGa
Authors: CAMILO Nathan
Published: May 2024

Registros fotográficos do 3o SiGa
O Diretório Central de Estudantes da Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul como espaço de representação política: análises e discussões sobre consciência e participação política
Authors: SCHINAIDER Fernanda , PETRY Liriane , HERNANDEZ Aline Reis Calvo
Published: May 2024

O artigo analisa o processo de consciência e participação política dos estudantes da Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS) na construção da entidade máxima de representação estudantil: o Diretório Central de Estudantes (DCE). A discussão aprofunda duas das sete dimensões do Modelo Analítico de Estudo dos Fenômenos da Consciência Política proposto por Salvador Sandoval (2016). Os dados foram acessados por meio de análise documental, consulta a bases de dados públicas e aplicação de questionário, buscando analisar a estrutura, os objetivos, o contexto político de criação e atuação, o projeto, segundo as percepções dos membros do DCE na consolidação da entidade. Foram discutidos os conceitos de participação e representação política, consciência política, ação coletiva e, de forma pormenorizada, as dimensões “Identidade Coletiva”, “Crenças e Valores Societais”. Essas dimensões se expressam nos significados atribuídos à experiência política de participação, pois a participação política dos estudantes se configura a partir de espaços coletivos de discussão resultantes da cultura política em que estão inseridos. A formulação da consciência política é um processo de experiência subjetiva e influencia na intensidade da participação. A cultura política foi uma variável determinante à identidade coletiva, pois os estudantes que participaram DCE se identificaram a um grupo e compartilharam interesses coletivos, valores e crenças alinhados ao interesse grupal. Os dados indicam que as crenças e valores societais alinhados os objetivos e estratégias das ações irão impactar na eficácia política do projeto político e serão determinantes à sua manutenção e fortalecimento ou fragilização.
Green Routes to Dimethyl Carbonate: A Green and Versatile Methylating Reactant
Authors: Mota Claudio J.A.
Published: May 2024

This mini-review reports the current routes used for the production of dimethyl
carbonate (DMC), a green and versatile methylating reactant widely used in organic synthesis.
The use of DMC in methylation processes is also discussed. The main routes of DMC
production, encompassing the reaction between phosgene and methanol and the oxidative
carbonylation of methanol with CO and urea methanolysis, are summarised. However, none
of them can be considered entirely green, and the drawbacks in terms of green chemistry
principles are addressed. The present commercial route to DMC, which involves the initial
reaction of CO2 with ethylene oxide to produce ethylene carbonate that further reacts with
excess methanol, is also explored regarding the green chemistry principles. Moreover, this
review focuses on the direct DMC production from the reaction of methanol and CO2, discussing
catalysts and strategies to shift equilibrium. An emphasis is given to heterogeneous
catalysts, especially those based on CeO2. A final remark on the production of DMC through the capture of CO2
using chitosan-derived adsorbents and renewable methanol is addressed.
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal Degeneration in Early-Stage Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Callan Andrew , Jha Sonal , Valdez Laura , Tsin Andrew
Published: May 2024

Background:

Studies on the early retinal changes in Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) have
demonstrated that neurodegeneration precedes vascular abnormalities like microaneurysms or intraretinal
hemorrhages. Therefore, there is a growing field of study to analyze the cellular and
molecular pathways involved to allow for the development of novel therapeutics to prevent the
onset or delay the progression of DR.

Molecular Mechanisms:

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to neurodegeneration
through pathways involving polyol, hexosamine, advanced glycation end products, and
protein kinase C. Potential interventions targeting these pathways include aldose reductase inhibitors
and protein kinase C inhibitors. Neurotrophic factor imbalances, notably brain-derived neurotrophic
factor and nerve growth factor, also play a role in early neurodegeneration, and supplementation
of these neurotrophic factors show promise in mitigating neurodegeneration.

Cellular Mechanisms:

Major cellular mechanisms of neurodegeneration include caspase-mediated
apoptosis, glial cell reactivity, and glutamate excitotoxicity. Therefore, inhibitors of these pathways
are potential therapeutic avenues.

Vascular Component:

The nitric oxide pathway, critical for neurovascular coupling, is disrupted
in DR due to increased reactive oxygen species. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), a
long-known angiogenic factor, has demonstrated both damaging and neuroprotective effects,
prompting a careful consideration of long-term anti-VEGF therapy.

Conclusion:

Current DR treatments primarily address vascular symptoms but fall short of preventing
or halting the disease. Insights into the mechanisms of retinal neurodegeneration in the setting
of diabetes mellitus not only enhance our understanding of DR but also pave the way for future
therapeutic interventions aimed at preventing disease progression and preserving vision.
Drug Discovery Potential of Insect-derived Compounds: A Review
Authors: Rahman Nafiur , Gope Arpita , Khanrah Jayeeta , Rawani Anjali
Published: May 2024

Insects are the most numerous and diverse collection of organisms on earth. Around the
world, human societies have utilised insects and the materials derived from them as medical resources.
These arthropods use chemistry, like all other species. According to their survival needs,
they make adaptations, including protecting themselves from infection as well as predation, being
able to connect with a social life, and carrying out generations with survivability in the environment.
The main focus of the study of chemical ecology is the abundance of chemical compounds found in
arthropods that are used for these ecological adaptations. This thorough analysis summarises the huge
potential for finding new natural compounds with medical benefits from the Arthropods. Insects and
their derivatives have a wide range of uses, and their "raw products" have made significant strides in
a wide range of industries, including pharmaceuticals, tissue engineering, dentistry, plant and agricultural
science, veterinary medicine, cosmetics, and cosmeceuticals, food, and nutraceuticals, among
others. Bioactive components derived from insects are emerging as potential therapeutic sources that
are beneficial against a variety of disorders. Insects, which have a huge variety of species, are an
intriguing and potential source of low molecular biologically active natural compounds that are either
produced by the insect itself or by accompanying microbes. The present review work collated the
updates of insect-derived compounds, the use of insects worldwide, and drug discovery potential of
insect derivatives.
Saudi National Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Adult Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Al-Jedai Ahmed H. , Almudaiheem Hajer Y. , Al-Homood Ibrahim A. , Almaghlouth Ibrahim , Bahlas Sami M. , Alolaiwi Abdulaziz Mohammed , Fatani Mohammad , Eshmawi Maysa Tariq , AlOmari Bedor A. , Alenzi Khalidah Ahmed , Albarakati Rayan G. , Al Ghanim Nayef
Published: May 2024

Objective:

To provide evidence-based clinical practice recommendations for managing
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

This EULAR-adapted national guideline in which a multidisciplinary task force utilized
the modified Delphi method to develop 31 clinical key questions. A systematic literature review
was conducted to update the evidence since the EULAR publication. After reaching a consensus
agreement, two rounds of voting and group discussion were conducted to generate consolidated recommendations/
statements.

Results:

A significant number of patients in Saudi Arabia experience delays in accessing rheumatologists,
highlighting the significance of timely referral to SLE specialists or rheumatologists to
ensure accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment. The primary goal of Glucocorticoid (GC) therapy
in SLE patients is to establish disease control with a minimum dose and duration. Steroid-sparing
agent utilization facilitates steroid-sparing goals. Hydroxychloroquine is recommended for all
SLE patients, though physicians must carefully monitor toxicity and prioritize regular medication
adherence assessment. SLE management during pregnancy starts from preconception time by assessing
disease activity, major organ involvement, hypercoagulability status, and concomitant diseases
that may negatively impact maternal and fetal outcomes. Multidisciplinary care with close
monitoring may optimize both maternal and fetal outcomes. For patients with antiphospholipid
antibodies, low-dose aspirin prophylaxis is recommended. Also, Long-term anticoagulant medications
are fundamental to prevent secondary antiphospholipid syndrome due to high thrombosis recurrence.

Conclusion:

This Saudi National Clinical Practice guidelines for SLE management provide evidence-
based recommendations and guidance for healthcare providers in Saudi Arabia who are managing
patients with SLE. These guidelines will help to standardize healthcare service, improve
provider education, and perhaps lead to better treatment outcomes for SLE patients.
Respiratory Disorders in Rett Syndrome
Authors: Spoto Giulia , Accetta Arianna Santina , Grella Maria , Di Modica Irene , Nicotera Antonio Gennaro
Published: May 2024

:

Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a rare and severe neurodevelopmental disorder affecting children
in the early stages of infancy and associated with a MECP2 mutation in 95-97% of individuals
with typical RTT. Nearly all of the patients show breathing abnormalities during their lifespan,
both in wake and sleep and respiratory illness represents an important cause of morbidity and mortality
in RTT. Pathogenic mechanisms underlying breath-holding and other breathing abnormalities
in RTT are mainly related to dysautonomia and an alteration in respiratory control at different
levels, including several regions of the central and peripheral nervous system. Pathogenic variants
in the MECP2 gene have been implicated in the dysfunction of respiratory pathways, affecting
chemosensitivity and the response to neurotransmitters. In addition, frequent comorbidities such
as scoliosis, dysphagia, sleep disorders, and epilepsy can further impair the respiratory function in
these patients.
Does the Dysregulation of Social Rhythms Syndrome (DYMERS) be Considered an Essential Component of Panic Disorders?
Authors: Primavera Diego , Cossu Giulia , Marchegiani Sonia , Preti Antonio , Nardi Antonio Egidio
Published: May 2024

This editorial explores the role of hyperactivity and social rhythm dysregulation in bipolar disorder (BD) and related syndromes. Social Rhythm Dysregulation Syndrome (DYMERS) is proposed as a common vulnerability across various disorders, including panic disorder (PD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. A study conducted on a sample of elderly individuals participating in an active aging study investigated whether individuals with PD exhibit higher biological rhythm dysregulation compared to those without PD.
The sample, consisting of 119 individuals, revealed that those with a lifetime PD diagnosis scored significantly higher on the dysregulation of biological rhythms scale compared to those without panic disorder. A higher prevalence of depressive episodes was found in individuals with PD at the time of the interview. Notably, a small sample of elderly individuals with panic disorder, voluntarily selected for a physical exercise trial, showed a significantly higher level of dysregulation of social rhythms compared to those without panic disorder.
This study opens a debate on the accuracy of paper and pencil screening tests for bipolar disorders, especially regarding false positives in individuals with panic disorder. Our hypothesis is that DYMERS could be a shared vulnerability substrate for various disorders, serving as a basis for bipolar onset in the presence of a hyperactivity profile, even with genetic features. The data collected from older adults suggest that social rhythm dysregulation is a typical feature of PD, regardless of the coexistence of a depressive episode.
While the study has limitations due to a small sample size, the findings warrant careful analysis and suggest the need for larger-scale replication studies. If confirmed, the dysregulation of rhythms and its association with depressive disorders highlight a significant area of vulnerability for serious psychopathological disorders, emphasizing the importance of extending research to younger populations.
Beneficial Effects of PIN1 Inhibition on Diabetes Mellitus: A Concise Review
Authors: Chellappan Meeramol C. , Vasu Soumya , Mahadevan Shriraam , Kathiravan Muthu Kumaradoss , Jayaraman Saravanan , Naik Soniya
Published: May 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a long-term medical illness in which the body either becomes
resistant to insulin or fails to produce it sufficiently. Mostly, combinatorial therapy is
required to control blood glucose levels. However, combinatorial therapy has detrimental side
effects. The prevalence of the cases and subsequent increases in medical costs of the same intimidate
human health globally. While there have been a lot of studies focused on developing diabetic
regimens that work to lower blood glucose levels, their effectiveness is short-lived because of unfavorable
side effects, such as weight gain and hypoglycemia. In recent years, the PIN1 (protein
interacting with NIMA) enzyme has attracted the attention of researchers. Previous studies suggested
that PIN1 may act on the various substrates that are involved in the progression of T2DM
and also help in the management of diabetes-related disorders. Thus, the focus of the current review
is to examine the correlation between PIN1, T2DM and its related disorders and explore the
possibility of developing novel therapeutic targets through PIN1 inhibition.
Exploring Iridium's Catalytic Role in Redox Reactions: A Concise Review
Authors: Sahgal Sumita , Yadav Subhadra
Published: May 2024

:

Transition metals exhibit a remarkable capacity to catalyse redox processes,
playing a crucial role in various natural, biological, and chemical transformations. Among
all the elements in the periodic table, iridium stands out with the broadest range of oxidation
states. With its electronic configuration of 5d76s2, iridium displays a range of oxidation
states, fluctuating from -3 in [Ir (CO)3]3- to +9 in [IrO4]2+. The utilization of iridium
as a catalyst stems from its capability to adopt these variable oxidation states. Notably,
Iridium (III) complexes exhibit significant catalytic activity in both acidic and basic environments,
facilitating a diverse array of organic and inorganic chemical transformations.
The catalytic mechanism adapts according to the specific conditions under which the
catalysts are employed. Iridium's catalytic efficiency is notably enhanced in an acidic environment,
as highlighted in this review, compared to its performance in a basic medium.
Iridium stands as the sole reported catalyst with the capability to harness sunlight and
transform it into chemical energy, offering promising prospects for application in artificial
energy systems. The high surface-to-volume ratio of IrNPs contributes to their excellent
catalytic performance. As research in Nanocatalysis continues to evolve, iridium remains
a key player in shaping the future of sustainable and efficient chemical processes.
Repeated Thoracic Paravertebral Blocking to Alleviate Pain Symptoms in 66-years-old Man with Post-herpetic Neuralgia: A Case Report
Authors: Chalil Muhammad Jalaluddin Assuyuthi , Sinaga Mual Kristian , Ahmad Muhammad Ramli
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Post-herpetic Neuralgia (PHN) is a neuropathic pain syndrome resulting from the sequelae of Herpes Zoster (HZ).

Case Report

Therefore, this study aimed to report a case of a 66-year-old male who presented with chronic pain characterized by a burning sensation in the right chest region, specifically at the areola level. The patient had been experiencing these symptoms for a year, which progressed to the severe stage over the past few months. To mitigate pain, a Thoracic Paravertebral Block (TPVB) procedure was proposed and conducted 3 times, with a solution containing levobupivacaine 0.25% and dexamethasone 10 mg in 5 ml.

Conclusion

The procedure was replicated three times. After two weeks, the pain had almost subsided, showing less need for further analgesia.
Development of the Entrepreneurship Program Implementation Strategy for Elementary School Students
Authors: Apriyanto Ridwan Eko , Suyud Suyud , Pujaningsih Pujaningsih
Published: May 2024

The entrepreneurship program in Indonesia is a manifestation of the initiative to enhance the image of Pancasila students. However, there are still areas that need improvement in the implementation, and there is a lack of research on the strategies for developing entrepreneurship programs. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a strategy to assist in the execution of the entrepreneurship program. This study employed a qualitative approach, specifically utilizing a case study design. Data was gathered by conducting interviews with three individuals who played a crucial role in the entrepreneurship program at Muhammadiyah Prambanan Elementary School. The findings indicate that schools incorporated entrepreneurship into their curriculum through various means, such as organizing field trips, setting up food stands, and hosting artwork exhibitions. The approach to developing the implementation of the entrepreneurship program involved the formation of committees, establishing partnerships with external schools, and engaging work instructors. Factors that contributed to the research included strong support from stakeholders and external schools through collaboration, while obstacles emerged from a lack of skills among existing school staff and challenges with guardians/parents. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the approach to establishing entrepreneurship programs in educational institutions. It aims to provide valuable insights for other schools seeking to develop similar initiatives.
Promoting Digital Literacy: Assessing Teachers Readiness in Utilizing Information and Communication Technology for Learning in Rural Area
Authors: Rofiah Nurul Hidayati , Restiana Restiana , Dewi Rahmatika
Published: May 2024

This research aims to evaluate and ascertain the readiness of teachers to utilize Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in educational settings, with a particular focus on rural environments. By examining teachers' preparedness in employing ICT, the study sheds light on the unique conditions and phenomena associated with technology use in learning activities in rural areas. The methodology adopted for this research was a descriptive qualitative approach, using a case study design focused on the island of Belitung. The study involved 12 classroom teachers from three elementary schools in Badau Village as research subjects. Data were gathered through interviews and document analysis, employing thematic analysis techniques for data interpretation. To ensure the validity of the data, techniques of technical and source triangulation were used. The findings indicate six themes regarding the teachers' readiness to use ICT, including teachers' proficiency in operating laptops/computers, and their capability to plan, select, and integrate ICT tools for educational and administrative purposes. Additionally, skills in collaboration, using the internet, and leveraging other advanced applications are deemed crucial. The study also reveals that teachers need to comprehend their roles and functions in adapting to ICT developments, thereby aligning their readiness with the standards of professional teacher competency. The study highlights the need for teachers to understand their roles in ICT adaptation, aligning with professional competency standards. These insights provide a framework for future research, policymaking, and practice enhancement in educational ICT, aiming to improve educational quality and effectiveness in the digital age.
Objective and Subjective Measures of Spatial Hearing in Unilateral Cochlear Implant Users with Bilateral Profound Hearing Loss
Authors: Jung Wha Weon , Han Jae Ho , Lee Jae Hee
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The ability to benefit from spatial separation between target and masker signals is important in multi-sound source listening environments. The goal of this study was to measure the spatial release from masking (SRM) in unilateral cochlear implant (CI) users with bilateral profound hearing loss. We also determined the relationships between the SRMs and the self-reported spatial hearing abilities.Methods: Fourteen unilateral CI users with bilateral profound hearing loss participated in this study. The target sentence was always presented to the front of the listener, and the nonfluctuating speech-shaped noise (SSN) or fluctuating speech noise was either co-located with the target (speech at 0°, noise at 0°, S0N0) or spatially separated at ± 90°. The SRM was quantified as the difference between speech recognition thresholds (SRTs) in the co-located and spatially separated conditions. The self-reported spatial hearing abilities were also measured using validated subjective questionnaires.Results: Overall, the SRTs were lower (better) with SSN than with fluctuating speech noise. When the noise was presented to the non-CI ear (speech at 0°, noise at non-CI ear, S0Nnonci), speech-in-noise recognition was the greatest due to head shadow or better-ear listening effect, resulting in the SRMs of approximately 5~6 dB regardless of noise type. When the noise was given to the CI ear (speech at 0°, noise at CI ear, S0Nci), some individuals exhibited positive SRMs (3~8 dB), while others showed negative SRMs, leading to little SRMs overall. When the SSN was given, subjects with less SRMs (less spatial separation benefits on the objective test) reported greater subjective spatial hearing difficulties.Conclusion: The spatial hearing of unilateral CI users varied by the position of the sound source. Listeners' spatial hearing abilities, which are unpredictable from clinical routine tests, need to be assessed by either objective or subjective measures.
Enhancing Communication Ability in Hearing Aid Users: Preliminary Case Study of A Hybrid Auditory Training Approach
Authors: Shin Eun-Yeong , Cho Soo Jin , Lee Hyoin , Bahng Junghwa
Published: May 2024

Auditory training programs aim to improve speech perception and communication skills in hearing aid users. Despite the effectiveness of traditional face-to-face training, logistical challenges hinder its widespread adoption. To overcome these barriers, hybrid auditory training, integrating face-to-face and self-administered sessions at home, has emerged as a potential solution. This study evaluates the efficacy of a hybrid auditory training program in enhancing communication abilities among hearing aid users. Six participants engaged in a 10-session hybrid auditory training program, comprising five face-to-face sessions conducted by professionals and five self-administered sessions at home, either independently or with family members. Training activities focused on listening to sentences with and without noise, and one and two-syllable words in noise-free conditions. Standardized assessments, including the Korean version of the matrix test, modified client-oriented scale inventory, and International Outcome Inventory-Alternative Interventions, were utilized to assess speech perception, and self-reported communication abilities. Pre- and post-training assessments demonstrated significant enhancements in speech perception in noise across various signal-to-noise ratios (0-, 5-, and 10-dB signal to noise ratio). Participants reported a slight improvement in communication ability and expressed satisfaction with their participation. The study suggests that hybrid auditory training effectively enhances communication abilities in hearing aid users, akin to traditional face-to-face methods. The hybrid approach offers flexibility and accessibility, addressing logistical challenges. Further research should explore and compare various auditory training modalities to develop tailored interventions for individuals with hearing impairments.
Association of the Type of Public Pension With Mental Health Among South Korean Older Adults: Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Kim Seung Hoon , Kim Hyunkyu , Jeong Sung Hoon , Park Eun-Cheol
Published: May 2024

Background

As income and health are closely related, retirement is considered undesirable for health. Many studies have shown the association between pension and health, but no research has considered the association between contribution-based public pensions or their types and health.

Objective

This study investigates the association between the type of contributory public pension and depressive symptoms among older adults.

Methods

We analyzed the data of 4541 older adults who participated in the South Korea Welfare Panel Study (2014-2020). Depressive symptoms were measured using the 11-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Public pensions in South Korea are classified into specific corporate pensions and national pensions. For subgroup analyses, pensioners were categorized according to the amount of pension received and the proportion of public pension over gross income. Analyses using generalized estimating equations were conducted for longitudinal data.

Results

Individuals receiving public pension, regardless of the pension type, demonstrated significantly decreased depressive symptoms (national pension: β=–.734; P<.001; specific corporate pension: β=–.775; P=.02). For both pension types, the higher the amount of benefits, the lower were the depression scores. However, this association was absent for those who received the smaller amount among the specific corporate pensioners. In low-income households, the decrease in the depressive symptoms based on the amount of public pension benefits was greater (fourth quartile of national pension: β=–1.472; P<.001; second and third quartiles of specific corporate pension: β=–3.646; P<.001).

Conclusions

Our study shows that contributory public pension is significantly associated with lower depressive symptoms, and this association is prominent in low-income households. Thus, contributory public pensions may be good income sources for improving the mental health of older adults after retirement.
Enhancing Agency in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Therapies Through Sensorimotor Technologies
Authors: Adrien Vladimir , Bosc Nicolas , Peccia Galletto Claire , Diot Thomas , Claverie Damien , Reggente Nicco , Trousselard Marion , Bui Eric , Baubet Thierry , Schoeller Félix
Published: May 2024

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant public health concern, with only a third of patients recovering within a year of treatment. While PTSD often disrupts the sense of body ownership and sense of agency (SA), attention to the SA in trauma has been lacking. This perspective paper explores the loss of the SA in PTSD and its relevance in the development of symptoms. Trauma is viewed as a breakdown of the SA, related to a freeze response, with peritraumatic dissociation increasing the risk of PTSD. Drawing from embodied cognition, we propose an enactive perspective of PTSD, suggesting therapies that restore the SA through direct engagement with the body and environment. We discuss the potential of agency-based therapies and innovative technologies such as gesture sonification, which translates body movements into sounds to enhance the SA. Gesture sonification offers a screen-free, noninvasive approach that could complement existing trauma-focused therapies. We emphasize the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and clinical research to further explore these approaches in preventing and treating PTSD.