bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is There a Role for Intraoperative Neuromonitoring in Intradural Extramedullary Spine Tumors? Results and Indications from an Institutional Series
Authors: D’Ercole Manuela , D’Alessandris Quintino Giorgio , Di Domenico Michele , Burattini Benedetta , Menna Grazia , Izzo Alessandro , Polli Filippo Maria , Della Pepa Giuseppe Maria , Olivi Alessandro , Montano Nicola
Published: July 2023

While intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is considered a standard for intramedullary spinal cord tumor surgery, the effective role of IONM in intradural extramedullary (IDEM) tumors is still debated. We present the results of 60 patients affected by IDEM tumors undergoing surgery with the aid of IONM. Each patient was evaluated according to the modified McCormick scale (MMS) at admission, discharge and at follow-up. During surgery, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were studied using the Medtronic NIM-eclipse® 32-channel system (Medtronic Xomed, Inc. 6743 Southpoint Drive North Jacksonville FL USA). Patients’ age, gender and tumor location did not affect MMS modifications. Tumors involving more than three levels had an increased likelihood of MMS worsening, while meningioma pathology was associated with worse preoperative and 1-year follow-up MMS. No MEP amplitude ratio was able to predict clinical variations, while intraoperative SEP worsening was associated with 100% risk of poor MMS at discharge and with 50% risk of poor MMS at long-term follow-up. In our opinion, SEP monitoring is a valid tool that may contribute to the preservation of the patient’s neurological status. MEP monitoring is not mandatory in IDEM surgery while more studies are required to explore the feasibility and the role of D-wave in this kind of surgery.
Exploring the Role of Metacognition in Measuring Students’ Critical Thinking and Knowledge in Mathematics: A Comparative Study of Regression and Neural Networks
Authors: Varveris Dimitrios , Saltas Vassilis , Tsiantos Vassilis
Published: July 2023

This article discusses the importance of open-ended problems in mathematics education. The traditional approach to teaching mathematics focuses on the repetitive practice of well-defined problems with a clear solution, leaving little room for students to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Open-ended problems, on the other hand, open-ended problems require students to apply their knowledge creatively and flexibly, often with multiple solutions. We herein present a case study of a high school mathematics class that incorporated open-ended problems into its curriculum. The students were given challenging problems requiring them to think beyond what they had learned in class and develop their problem-solving methods. The study results showed that students exposed to open-ended problems significantly improved their problem-solving abilities and ability to communicate and collaborate with their peers. The article also highlights the benefits of open-ended problems in preparing students for real-world situations. By encouraging students to develop their problem-solving strategies, they are better equipped to face the unpredictable challenges of the future. Additionally, open-ended problems promote a growth mindset and a love for learning, as students are encouraged to take risks and explore new ideas. Overall, the article argues that incorporating open-ended problems into mathematics education is a necessary step towards developing students’ critical thinking skills and preparing them for success in the real world.
Sustainable Urban Green Blue Space (UGBS) and Public Participation: Integrating Multisensory Landscape Perception from Online Reviews
Authors: Zhang Jiao , Li Danqing , Ning Shuguang , Furuya Katsunori
Published: July 2023

The integration of multisensory-based public subjective perception into planning, management, and policymaking is of great significance for the sustainable development and protection of UGBS. Online reviews are a suitable data source for this issue, which includes information about public sentiment, perception of the physical environment, and sensory description. This study adopts the deep learning method to obtain effective information from online reviews and found that in 105 major sites of Tokyo (23 districts), the public overall perception level is not balanced. Rich multi-sense will promote the perception level, especially hearing and somatosensory senses that have a higher positive prediction effect than vision, and overall perception can start improving by optimizing these two senses. Even if only one adverse sense exists, it will seriously affect the perception level, such as bad smell and noise. Optimizing the physical environment by adding natural elements for different senses is conducive to overall perception. Sensory maps can help to quickly find areas that require improvement. This study provides a new method for rapid multisensory analysis and complementary public participation for specific situations, which helps to increase the well-being of UGBS and give play to its multi-functionality.
Warehouse Management Systems for Social and Environmental Sustainability: A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Minashkina Daria , Happonen Ari
Published: July 2023

Background: With the continuing growth of warehouses globally, there is an increasing need for sustainable logistics solutions in warehousing, but research linking warehouse management systems (WMS) and sustainability is lacking. Methods: A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis were conducted in Scopus and Web of Science databases from 2006 to 2022 to investigate academic knowledge of WMS contributing to warehouses’ social and environmental sustainability. Results: Findings revealed only 12 topic-relevant articles from 2013 to 2022, primarily published recently. More recent articles have received more citations than earlier published works. The articles were from multiple research fields, such as business economics, engineering, computer science, and social sciences, with only one article on environmentally sustainable technologies. The top keywords were “warehouse management system”, “internet of things”, “industry 4.0” and “supply chain”. Only six articles had environmental sustainability terms in the keywords. Findings show more discussions about social rather than environmental sustainability. Most studies suggest integrating WMS with other systems to support sustainability efforts in warehousing. Conclusions: The study addressed a gap in academic literature regarding WMS and sustainability. Research findings added knowledge of practical activities to achieve warehouse operations and performance sustainability and proactively reduce warehouse operations’ environmental and social impacts.
Sorption of Polar Sorbates NH3, H2O, SO2 and CO2 on Selected Inorganic Materials
Authors: Zarębska Katarzyna , Nomura Mikihiro , Wolczko Marta , Szczurowski Jakub , Pawlak Bartłomiej , Baran Paweł
Published: July 2023

In this paper, the sorption of NH3, H2O, SO2 and CO2 was tested for several selected inorganic materials. The tests were performed on samples belonging to two topologies of materials, faujasite (FAU) and framework-type MFI, the structures of which differ in pore size and connectivity. All sorbates are important in terms of reducing their emissions to the environment. They have different chemical nature: basic, alkaline, and acidic. They are all polar in structure and composition and two of them (ammonia and water vapor) can form hydrogen bonds. These differences result in different interactions with the surface of the adsorbents. This paper presents experimental data and proposes a mathematical description of the sorption process. The best fit of the experimental data was obtained for the Toth and GAB models. The studies showed that among the selected samples, faujasite has the best sorption capacity for ammonia and water vapor, while the best sorbent for sulfur dioxide is the MFI framework type. These materials behave like molecular sieves and can be used for quite selective adsorption of relevant gases. In addition, modification of the faujasite with organic silane resulted in a drastic reduction in the surface area of the sorbent, resulting in significantly lower sorption capacities for gases.
Study of Early-Age Hydration, Mechanical Properties Development, and Microstructure Evolution of Manufactured Sand Concrete Mixed with Granite Stone Powder
Authors: Wang Jianghua , Xue Cuizhen , Zhang Yu , Li Qiangming , Han Yixuan , Qiao Hongxia
Published: July 2023

This study explored the potential of granite stone powder (GSP) as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). The 72 h early hydration process stages of GSP-mixed slurry were analyzed in depth, and the mechanical properties of manufactured sand concrete (MSC) mixed with GSP were investigated. Physical phase types, morphological characteristics, and pore structure evolution were investigated using an X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and mercury intrusion approach (MIP). Atomic force microscopy was used to show the interface transition zone between aggregate and slurry in phase images, height images, and 3D images, allowing quantification of ITZ and slurry by calculating the roughness. Gray entropy analysis was used to evaluate the significance of the effect of pore size distribution parameters on mechanical strength, and the GSP-content-mechanical-strength gray model GM (1, 1) was established to predict mechanical strength. The results indicate that, compared with the reference group, the GSP cement slurry system exhibited a delayed hydration process acceleration rate, with a 1.04% increase in cumulative heat of hydration observed in the 5% test group and an 11.05% decrease in the 15% test group. Incorporating GSP in MSC led to decreased mechanical properties at all ages, with significant decay observed when incorporation ranged from 10% to 15%. Although the type of hydration products remained unchanged, there was a decrease in the number of C-S-H gels and gel pores, while large pores increased, resulting in increased porosity and roughness of the interface transition zone and slurry. Large pores (>1000 nm) were found to have the greatest influence on mechanical strength, with gray correlation above 0.86. The GM (1, 1) model yielded accurate predictions, showing good agreement with measured data and thus it can be identified as belonging to a high-precision prediction model category. These findings provide theoretical support and a reference for applying GSP as an SCM, laying the groundwork for data-based specification development.
Surface Engineering & Coating Technologies for Corrosion and Tribocorrosion Resistance
Authors: Sun Yong
Published: July 2023

Corrosion of materials not only accounts for about 3 to 4% of economic losses in GDP in an industrial nation, but it also contributes significantly to greenhouse emissions and climate change because material production is one of the largest greenhouse emitters [...]
Tensile Behaviors and Mechanical Property Analyses of T-Welded Joint for Thin-Walled Parts in Consideration of Different TIG Welding Currents Using Multiple Damage Models and Fracture Criterions: Numerical Simulation and Experiment Validation
Authors: Pan Minghui , Li Yuchao , Sun Siyuan , Liao Wenhe , Xing Yan , Tang Wencheng
Published: July 2023

In order to deeply investigate the tensile properties and fracture behaviors that are obtained by tensile tests of welded joints, constitutive and damage models are imperative for analyzing the tensile behaviors. In this work, the tensile tests are conducted on the T-welded joint specimens of aluminum alloy 6061-T6, which were cut from the T-welded joints of thin-walled parts under different welding currents of Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (TIGW). A modified Johnson-Cook (J-C) model based on the original J-C equation, Swift model, Voce model, and Hockett-Sherby (H-S) model, their linear combination model, and fracture failure model are constructed and applied to simulate tensile behaviors, combined with tensile test data. What is more, the finite element (FE) simulation of tension tests is executed with the VUMAT and VUSDFLD subroutines. Compared to those results simulated with different fracture criteria and tensile experiments, the tensile strength and yield strength of T-welded joint thin-walled parts under different welding currents were achieved, and their best mean errors were only about 1%. Furthermore, the accuracy of different fracture criteria is also evaluated by the correlation coefficient and mean squared error. The results show that the combination model can accurately predict the tensile properties and fracture behaviors of T-welded joints better than the single model, especially the results simulated with the Swift-H-S model and H-S-Voce model, which are in good agreement with tensile test results, which will provide an analysis foundation for enhancing the welding assembly quality and preventing fracture failure for complex thin-walled antenna structures.
3D Model of Heat Flow during Diffusional Phase Transformations
Authors: Łach Łukasz , Svyetlichnyy Dmytro
Published: July 2023

The structure of metallic materials has a significant impact on their properties. One of the most popular methods to form the properties of metal alloys is heat treatment, which uses thermally activated transformations that take place in metals to achieve the required mechanical or physicochemical properties. The phase transformation in steel results from the fact that one state becomes less durable than the other due to a change in conditions, for example, temperature. Phase transformations are an extensive field of research that is developing very dynamically both in the sphere of experimental and model research. The objective of this paper is the development of a 3D heat flow model to model heat transfer during diffusional phase transformations in carbon steels. This model considers the two main factors that influence the transformation: the temperature and the enthalpy of transformation. The proposed model is based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and uses CUDA parallel computations. The developed heat flow model is directly related to the microstructure evolution model, which is based on frontal cellular automata (FCA). This paper briefly presents information on the FCA, LBM, CUDA, and diffusional phase transformation in carbon steels. The structures of the 3D model of heat flow and their connection with the microstructure evolution model as well as the algorithm for simulation of heat transfer with consideration of the enthalpy of transformation are shown. Examples of simulation results of the growth of the new phase that are determined by the overheating/overcooling and different model parameters in the selected planes of the 3D calculation domain are also presented.
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Cu(II) Paddle-Wheel-like Complex with 4-Vinylbenzoate as an Inorganic Node for Metal–Organic Framework Material Design
Authors: Bivián-Castro Egla Yareth , Flores-Alamo Marcos , Escudero Roberto , Gómez-Vidal Virginia , Segoviano-Garfias José J. N. , Castañeda-Contreras Jesus , Saavedra-Arroyo Quetzalcoatl Enrique
Published: July 2023

A new Cu(II) paddle-wheel-like complex with 4-vinylbenzoate was synthesized using acetonitrile as the solvent. The complex was characterized by X-ray crystal diffraction, FT-IR, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric, differential scanning calorimetric, magnetic susceptibility, and electronic paramagnetic resonance analyses. The X-ray crystal diffraction analysis indicated that each copper ion was bound at an equatorial position to four oxygen atoms from the carboxylate groups of the 4-vinylbenzoate ligand in a square-based pyramidal geometry. The distance between the copper ions was 2.640(9) Å. The acetonitrile molecules were coordinated at the axial position to the copper ions. Exposure of the Cu(II) complex to humid air promoted the gradual replacement of the coordinated acetonitrile by water molecules, but the complex structure integrity remained. The EPR spectra exhibited signals attributed to the presence of a mixture of the monomeric (S = ½) and dimeric (S = 1) copper species in a possible 3:1 ratio. The magnetic studies revealed a peak at 50–100 K, which could be associated with the oxygen absorption capacity of the Cu(II)–vba complex.
Proposition of New Testing Procedure for the Mechanical Properties of Bulk-Fill Materials
Authors: Macan Matea , Marošević Ana , Špiljak Bruno , Šimunović Luka , Par Matej , Marovic Danijela , Juric-Kacunic Danijela , Tarle Zrinka
Published: July 2023

This study analysed flexural properties, microhardness, and the degree of conversion (DC) of five bulk-fill composites under clinically relevant conditions (4 mm thick specimens) in comparison to 2 mm specimens according to ISO 4049. Additionally, the effect of rapid polymerisation on 4 mm specimens was evaluated after accelerated aging. DC was measured using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry at 2 and 4 mm thick layers, while flexural properties and Vickers microhardness were tested using 16 × 2 × 2 mm or 16 × 2 × 4 mm specimens. Three polymerisation protocols were used: (I) “ISO”: 2 mm thickness, 1000 mW/cm2, double-sided; (II) “10 s”: 4 mm thickness, 1000 mW/cm2, one-sided; and (III) “3 s”: 4 mm thickness, 2600 mW/cm2, one-sided. Mechanical properties were tested after 1 day, after 10,000 thermocycles, and after 10,000 thermocycles followed by a 7-day immersion in absolute ethanol. The “ISO” protocol produced a higher DC and microhardness of all materials. Elastic modulus was significantly higher for the “ISO” protocol compared to the 4 mm specimens. The differences in flexural strength for all polymerisation protocols were equalised after thermocycling and immersion in absolute ethanol. All tested materials met the ISO 4049 flexural strength requirement (80 MPa) for all polymerisation methods and all aging conditions. Rapid polymerisation achieved nearly optimal properties (ISO), except for elastic modulus, which was significantly reduced in 4 mm samples.
Effect of Cellulose-Based Bioplastics on Current LDPE Recycling
Authors: Gadaleta Giovanni , De Gisi Sabino , Sorrentino Andrea , Sorrentino Luigi , Notarnicola Michele , Kuchta Kerstin , Picuno Caterina , Oliviero Maria
Published: July 2023

The increased use of bioplastics in the market has led to their presence in municipal solid waste streams alongside traditional fossil-based polymers, particularly low-density polyethylene (LDPE), which bioplastics often end up mixed with. This study aimed to assess the impact of cellulose acetate plasticized with triacetin (CAT) on the mechanical recycling of LDPE. LDPE–CAT blends with varying CAT content (0%, 1%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% by weight) were prepared by melt extrusion and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis (thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry), dynamic rheological measurements, and tensile tests. The results indicate that the presence of CAT does not significantly affect the chemical, thermal, and rheological properties of LDPE, and the addition of CAT at different levels does not promote LDPE degradation under typical processing conditions. However, the addition of CAT negatively impacts the processability and mechanical behavior of LDPE, resulting in the reduced quality of the recycled material. Thus, the presence of cellulose-based bioplastics in LDPE recycling streams should be avoided, and a specific sorting stream for bioplastics should be established.
Electrospun Fibers of Biocompatible and Biodegradable Polyesters, Poly(Ethylene Oxide) and Beeswax with Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fungal Activities
Authors: Kyuchyuk Selin , Paneva Dilyana , Manolova Nevena , Rashkov Iliya , Karashanova Daniela , Naydenov Mladen , Markova Nadya
Published: July 2023

Fibrous materials composed of core–sheath fibers from poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), beeswax (BW) and 5-nitro-8-hydroxyquinoline (NQ) were prepared via the self-organization of PEO and BW during the single-spinneret electrospinning of a homogeneous blend solution of the partners. Additionally, the application of the same approach enabled the preparation of fibrous materials composed of core–double sheath fibers from PEO, poly(L-lactide) (PLA) and NQ or 5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline (CQ), as well as from PEO, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and NQ. The consecutive selective extraction of BW and of the polyester with hexane and tetrahydrofuran, respectively, evidenced that core–double sheath fibers from PEO/polyester/BW/drug consisted of a PEO core, a polyester inner sheath and a BW outer sheath. In order to evaluate the possibility of the application of fibrous materials from PEO/BW/NQ, PEO/PLA/BW/NQ, PEO/PCL/BW/NQ and PEO/PLA/BW/CQ for plant protection, microbiological studies were performed using both phytopathogenic microorganisms (Pseudomonas corrugata, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium avenaceum) and beneficial microorganisms (Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma asperellum). It was found that the fibrous materials had anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity against both phytopathogenic and beneficial microorganisms. This is the first report on the activity of fibrous materials loaded with 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives not only against phytopathogenic but also against beneficial microorganisms that are of importance in agriculture.
High-Efficiency Removal of Lead and Nickel Using Four Inert Dry Biomasses: Insights into the Adsorption Mechanisms
Authors: Tejada-Tovar Candelaria , Villabona-Ortíz Angel , González-Delgado Ángel Darío
Published: July 2023

In this study, inert dry bioadsorbents prepared from corn cob residues (CCR), cocoa husk (CH), plantain peels (PP), and cassava peels (CP) were used as adsorbents of heavy metal ions (Pb2+ and Ni2+) in single-batch adsorption experiments from synthetic aqueous solutions. The physicochemical properties of the bioadsorbents and the adsorption mechanisms were evaluated using different experimental techniques. The results showed that electrostatic attraction, cation exchange, and surface complexation were the main mechanisms involved in the adsorption of metals onto the evaluated bioadsorbents. The percentage removal of Pb2+ and Ni2+ increased with higher adsorbent dosage, with Pb2+ exhibiting greater biosorption capacity than Ni2+. The bioadsorbents showed promising potential for adsorbing Pb2+ with monolayer adsorption capacities of 699.267, 568.794, 101.535, and 116.820 mg/g when using PP, CCR, CH, and CP, respectively. For Ni2+, Langmuir’s parameter had values of 10.402, 26.984, 18.883, and 21.615, respectively, for PP, CCR, CH, and CP. Kinetics data fitted by the pseudo-second-order model revealed that the adsorption rate follows this order: CH > CP > CCR > PP for Pb2+, and CH > CCR > PP > CP for Ni2+. The adsorption mechanism was found to be controlled by ion exchange and precipitation. These findings suggest that the dry raw biomasses of corn cob residues, cocoa husk, cassava, and plantain peels can effectively remove lead and nickel, but further research is needed to explore their application in industrial-scale and continuous systems.
Synthesis and Characterization of Pyridine Acetohydrazide Derivative for Antimicrobial Cotton Fabric
Authors: Saeed Saeed El-Sayed , Aldubayyan Meaad , Al-Hakimi Ahmed N. , El-Hady Marwa M. Abd
Published: July 2023

An increase in textile resistance to antimicrobial agents has posed a pressing need for the development of new antimicrobials. Therefore, the antimicrobial characteristics of thiophene and pyridine acetohydrazide derivatives have been developed as novel textile-modified complexes exhibiting antibacterial agents. Synthesis and characterization of pyridyl-thienyl acetohydrazide derivative (AHZ) using NMR (13C and 1H) and FTIR. Modification of cotton fabric (CF) with acetohydrazide (AHZ) and metal chlorides of divalent Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn and trivalent Fe, and Cr. SEM-EDX and Fourier-transform infrared were utilized to characterize cellulose-based cotton fabric (CF) attached to AHZ and their metal (M) complexes. Antimicrobial activity was examined against two types of bacteria, namely S. aureus and E. coli, and two types of fungi, namely C. albicans and A. flavus. All modified samples exhibited higher efficiency towards bacterial strains than fungal strains. In addition, cellulose modified with Ni (II) confers the most antibacterial protection efficiency.
The Optical and Spectroscopic Properties of Fuchsite, Spodumene, and Lepidolite from Northern Scandinavia (Kautokeino, Kaustinen, Kolmozero)
Authors: Huber Miłosz , Kamiński Daniel M. , Maciołek Urszula
Published: July 2023

Li-Ce-Ta (LCT) pegmatites containing lithium mineralization in the form of spodumene and lepidolite, as well as fuchsite, from the regions of northern Scandinavia (N Norway, N Finland, N Russia) were studied. Detailed analyses of the chemical compositions of these minerals were carried out, involving scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (ATR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies. Their crystal structures were confirmed with the X-ray diffraction technique. Studies involving microscopy were also carried out, indicating the optical features of these minerals. Based on the analyses carried out in the studied rocks, the characteristics of these minerals were determined, as well as the crystallization conditions. This research indicates that the N Scandinavian area is prospective and may lead to further discoveries of this type of pegmatite in the studied region.
Review of Single Crystal Synthesis of 11 Iron-Based Superconductors
Authors: Hou Qiang , Sun Longfei , Sun Yue , Shi Zhixiang
Published: July 2023

The 11 system in the iron-based superconducting family has become one of the most extensively studied materials in the research of high-temperature superconductivity, due to their simple structure and rich physical properties. Many exotic properties, such as multiband electronic structure, electronic nematicity, topology and antiferromagnetic order, provide strong support for the theory of high-temperature superconductivity, and have been at the forefront of condensed matter physics in the past decade. One noteworthy aspect is that a high upper critical magnetic field, large critical current density and lower toxicity give the 11 system good application prospects. However, the research on 11 iron-based superconductors faces numerous obstacles, mainly stemming from the challenges associated with producing high-quality single crystals. Since the discovery of FeSe superconductivity in 2008, researchers have made significant progress in crystal growth, overcoming the hurdles that initially impeded their studies. Consequently, they have successfully established the complete phase diagrams of 11 iron-based superconductors, including FeSe1−xTex, FeSe1−xSx and FeTe1−xSx. In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of the preparation methods employed for 11 iron-based single crystals over the past decade. Specifically, we will focus on hydrothermal, chemical vapor transport (CVT), self-flux and annealing methods. Additionally, we will discuss the quality, size, and superconductivity properties exhibited by single crystals obtained through different preparation methods. By exploring these aspects, we can gain a better understanding of the advantages and limitations associated with each technique. High-quality single crystals serve as invaluable tools for advancing both the theoretical understanding and practical utilization of high-temperature superconductivity.
New Robotic Platforms in General Surgery: What’s the Current Clinical Scenario?
Authors: Marchegiani Francesco , Siragusa Leandro , Zadoroznyj Alizée , Laterza Vito , Mangana Orsalia , Schena Carlo , Ammendola Michele , Memeo Riccardo , Bianchi Paolo , Spinoglio Giuseppe , Gavriilidis Paschalis , de’Angelis Nicola
Published: July 2023

Background and Objectives: Robotic surgery has been widely adopted in general surgery worldwide but access to this technology is still limited to a few hospitals. With the recent introduction of new robotic platforms, several studies reported the feasibility of different surgical procedures. The aim of this systematic review is to highlight the current clinical practice with the new robotic platforms in general surgery. Materials and Methods: A grey literature search was performed on the Internet to identify the available robotic systems. A PRISMA compliant systematic review was conducted for all English articles up to 10 February 2023 searching the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Clinical outcomes, training process, operating surgeon background, cost-analysis, and specific registries were evaluated. Results: A total of 103 studies were included for qualitative synthesis after the full-text screening. Of the fifteen robotic platforms identified, only seven were adopted in a clinical environment. Out of 4053 patients, 2819 were operated on with a new robotic device. Hepatopancreatobiliary surgery specialty performed the majority of procedures, and the most performed procedure was cholecystectomy. Globally, 109 emergency surgeries were reported. Concerning the training process, only 45 papers reported the background of the operating surgeon, and only 28 papers described the training process on the surgical platform. Only one cost-analysis compared a new robot to the existing reference. Two manufacturers promoted a specific registry to collect clinical outcomes. Conclusions: This systematic review highlights the feasibility of most surgical procedures in general surgery using the new robotic platforms. Adoption of these new devices in general surgery is constantly growing with the extension of regulatory approvals. Standardization of the training process and the assessment of skills’ transferability is still lacking. Further studies are required to better understand the real clinical and economical benefit.
Visfatin and Retinol Binding Protein-4 in Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Huang Ya-Li , Chen Yen-Lin , Lin Jiunn-Diann , Pei Dee , Pitrone Pietro , Chen Jin-Shuen , Wu Chung-Ze
Published: July 2023

Background and Objectives: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adolescents has increased rapidly in recent decades. However, the role of adipokines on pathophysiology in young-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (YDM) is not clear. In this article, we explored the relationships between the adipokines (visfatin and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4)) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components in both YDM and late-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (ODM). Materials and Methods: There were 36 patients with YDM (23.6 ± 4.8 years) and 36 patients with ODM (54.3 ± 10.1 years) enrolled. Visfatin, RBP4, and MetS components were measured. The relationships between visfatin, RBP4 and MetS components were assessed in YDM and ODM. Results: The visfatin, but not the RPB4 level, was significantly higher in YDM than in ODM. After adjusting for age and body mass index, visfatin was not related to any MetS components except that there was a negative correlation with fasting plasma glucose (FPG). As for RPB4, triglyceride was found to be positively and FPG negatively related to RBP4 in YDM. However, in ODM, the only positive relationship that existed was between RBP4 and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions: In conclusion, both visfatin and RBP4 had certain roles in diabetes and MetS although their relationships were different in YDM and ODM. Further studies are needed to explore their physiological and pathological effects in glucose metabolism.
Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Strategies for Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Infection in Pediatrics: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alotaibi Nawaf M. , Alroqi Sharefa , Alharbi Abdulrahman , Almutiri Basil , Alshehry Manal , Almutairi Rinad , Alotaibi Nada , Althoubiti Atheer , Alanezi Ashwaq , Alatawi Nouf , Almutairi Hanan , Alhmadi Munira , Almutairi Rawan , Alshammari Mohammed
Published: July 2023

Background and Objectives: Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of infections in neonates with high fatality rates. GBS is caused by the streptococcus bacterium known as streptococcus agalactiae, which is highly contagious and can be transmitted from pregnant women to infants. GBS infection can occur as an early onset or late-onset infection and has different treatment strategies. Antibiotics are effective in treating GBS infections at early stages. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the clinical characteristics and treatment strategies for GBS, with a focus on antibiotics. Material and Methods: The findings of this review were reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and a flow diagram of the study selection process, a summary of the included studies, a description of the study characteristics, a summary of the results, a discussion of the implications of the findings, and a conclusion are included. Overall, the authors followed a rigorous methodology to ensure that this review is comprehensive and inclusive of relevant studies on GBS infection and its treatment. Results: Overall, 940 studies were reviewed and only the most relevant 22 studies were included in the systematic review. This review describes the characteristics of patients in different studies related to early onset GBS disease and presents various treatment strategies and outcomes for GBS infection in pediatrics. The studies suggest that preventive measures, risk-based intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, and maternal vaccination can significantly reduce the burden of GBS disease, but late-onset GBS disease remains a concern, and more strategies are required to decrease its rate. Improvement is needed in the management of the risk factors of GBS. A conjugate vaccine with a serotype (Ia, Ib, II, III, and V) has been proven effective in the prevention of GBS in neonates. Moreover, penicillin is an important core antibiotic for treating early onset GBS (EOD). Conclusions: This systematic review summarizes the treatment comparison for GBS infections in neonates, with a primary focus on antibiotics. IAP (intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis) according to guidelines, antenatal screening, and the development of a conjugate vaccine may be effective and could lower the incidence of the disease.
Effects of High Pharmaceutical Concentrations in Domestic Wastewater on Membrane Bioreactor Treatment Systems: Performance and Microbial Community
Authors: Li Chengyue , Du Xin , Huang Chuyi , Zhang Zhenghua
Published: July 2023

Despite pharmaceuticals being widely detected in water-bodies worldwide, what remain unclear are the effects of high pharmaceutical concentrations on the treatment efficiency of biological wastewater treatment processes, such as membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems. This study investigated the efficiency of MBR technology in the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing a mixture of five typical pharmaceuticals (ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethylthiadiazole, carbamazepine and naproxen) with a total concentration of 500 µg/L. Both the control MBR (MBRc) without pharmaceutical dosing and the MBR operated with high influent pharmaceutical concentrations (MBRe) were operated under room temperature with the same hydraulic retention time of 11 h and the same sludge retention time of 30 d. The removal efficiency rates of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 83.2% vs. 90.1% and 72.6% vs. 57.8% in the MBRc vs. MBRe systems, and both MBRs achieved >98% removal of organics for a 180-day period. The floc size decreased, and membrane fouling became more severe in the MBRe system. Microbial diversity increased in the MBRe system and the relative abundances of functional microbe differed between the two MBRs. Furthermore, the total relative abundances of genes involved in glycolysis, assimilating nitrate reduction and nitrification processes increased in the MBRe system, which could account for the higher organics and nitrogen removal performance. This work provides insights for MBR operation in wastewater treatment with high pharmaceutical concentrations.
Study on Corrosion Resistance of S-Carbon Bricks for Blast Furnace Hearth in Molten Iron
Authors: Shi Huangyu , Wang Cui , Zong Yanbing , Liu Yanxiang , Wang Zhongyi , Zhang Jianliang
Published: July 2023

This study simulated the corrosion reaction of S-carbon bricks in a hearth at different carbon contents, flow velocities and temperatures, and their macroscopic and microscopic morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the dissolution of elemental carbon from carbon bricks into molten iron was a rate-controlled reaction. Increasing the temperature to around 1500 °C and decreasing the carbon content to around 4.5% reduced the saturated solubility of carbon in molten iron, and the erosion degree and dissolution rate of the carbon bricks increased correspondingly. For the flow velocity, its increase promoted mechanical flushing and led to an increase in the convective heat transfer coefficient of molten iron, which would increase the hot-side temperature of the hearth sidewall, promoting carbon unsaturation in hot metal and the dissolution reaction.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ciprofloxacin Loaded Star-Shaped Polycaprolactone–Polyethylene Glycol Hydrogels for Oral Delivery
Authors: Khodir Wan Khartini Wan Abdul , Ismail Mohamad Wafiuddin , Hamid Shafida Abd , Daik Rusli , Susanti Deny , Taher Muhammad , Guarino Vincenzo
Published: July 2023

The administration of poorly water-soluble drugs represents a relevant problem due to the low body fluids transport efficiency through hydrophilic hydrogels. Star-shaped co-polymers, i.e., amphiphilic polymers such as those with a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic outer shell, can be used to improve weak interactions with drugs, with relevant benefits in terms of administration and controlled delivery. In this work, two different co-polymers, four-arm star-shaped PCL–PEG and six-arm star-shaped PCL–PEG, were synthesized via ring-opening polymerization to be loaded with ciprofloxacin. 1H-NMR and FTIR analyses confirmed that PCL arms were successfully grafted to the mPEG backbone, while DSC analysis indicated similar crystallinity and melting point, ranging from 56 to 60 °C, independent of the different co-polymer architecture. Therefore, both star-shaped PCL-PEGs were investigated as cargo device for ciprofloxacin. No significant differences were observed in terms of drug entrapment efficiency (>95%) and drug release, characterized by a pronounced burst followed by a slow sustained release, only slightly affected by the co-polymer architecture. This result was also confirmed with curve fitting via the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. Lastly, good antibacterial properties and biocompatibility exhibited in both star-shaped PCL–PEG co-polymers suggest a promising use for oral delivery applications.
Modeling and Experimental Verification of Time-Controlled Grinding Removal Function for Optical Components
Authors: Chen Fulei , Peng Xiaoqiang , Sun Zizhou , Hu Hao , Dai Yifan , Lai Tao
Published: July 2023

As a flexible grinding method with high efficiency, abrasive belt grinding has been widely used in the machining of mechanical parts. However, abrasive belt grinding has not been well applied in the field of ultra-precision optical processing, due to the lack of a stable and controllable removal function. In this paper, based on the idea of deterministic machining, the time-controlled grinding (TCG) method based on the abrasive belt as a machining tool was applied to the deterministic machining of optical components. Firstly, based on the Preston equation, a theoretical model of the TCG removal function was established. Secondly, removal function experiments were carried out to verify the validity and robustness of the theoretical removal model. Further, theoretical and actual shaping experiments were carried out on 200 mm × 200 mm flat glass-ceramic. The results show that the surface shape error converged from 6.497 μm PV and 1.318 μm RMS to 5.397 μm PV and 1.115 μm RMS. The theoretical and experimental results are consistent. In addition, the surface roughness improved from 271 to 143 nm Ra. The results validate the concept that the removal function model established in this paper can guide the actual shaping experiments of TCG, which is expected to be applied to the deterministic machining of large-diameter optical components.
Stable Isotope (δ18O, δD) Composition of Magmatic Fluids Exsolved from an Active Alkaline Magma Chamber—The Case of the AD 79 Magma Chamber of Vesuvius
Authors: Fulignati Paolo , Boyce Adrian J.
Published: July 2023

This work documents, for the first time, the calculated oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition of the brines exsolved from the peripheral margin of the active magma alkaline chamber that fed the AD 79 (“Pompei”) eruption of Vesuvius. The exsolved hydrosaline fluids had a constant δ18O composition and a variable δD composition, showing a general lowering of δD at nearly constant δ18O content. We argue that the progressive fluid exsolution at the upper peripheral parts of the AD 79 magma chamber may explain this isotopic path. The modeling of the evolution of the hydrogen isotope composition of water remaining dissolved in the melt, and of the exsolved fluid as a consequence of progressive degassing, would favor multiple fluid-release events from the magmatic reservoir. A schematic model on the pulsed accumulation and release of fluids at the top of the magmatic reservoir prior to the eruption is thus proposed. The assessment of the stable isotope composition of the fluids exsolved from the AD 79 magma chamber of Vesuvius may be particularly relevant for the geochemical surveillance of the volcano as it may help to interpret the isotopic composition of fumarolic gases and its variations.
Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Diblock Polyphosphoesters Containing Lactic Acid Units for Potential Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Sakuma Tatsuya , Makino Kimiko , Terada Hiroshi , Takeuchi Issei , Mitova Violeta , Troev Kolio
Published: July 2023

Multistep one-pot polycondensation reactions synthesized amphiphilic diblock polyphosphoesters containing lactic acid units in the polymer backbone. At the first step was synthesized poly[poly(ethylene glycol) H-phosphonate–b-poly(ethylene glycol)lactate H-phosphonate] was converted through one pot oxidation into poly[alkylpoly(ethylene glycol) phosphate-b-alkylpoly(ethylene glycol)lactate phosphate]s. They were characterized by 1H, 13C {H},31P NMR, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The effects of the polymer composition on micelle formation and stability, and micelle size were studied via dynamic light scattering (DLS). The hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of these polymers can be controlled by changing the chain lengths of hydrophobic alcohols. Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency tests using Sudan III and doxorubicin revealed that hydrophobic substances can be incorporated inside the hydrophobic core of polymer micelles. The micelle size was 72–108 nm when encapsulating Sudan III and 89–116 nm when encapsulating doxorubicin. Loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency depend on the length of alkyl side chains. Changing the alkyl side chain from 8 to 16 carbon atoms increased micelle-encapsulated Sudan III and doxorubicin by 1.6- and 1.1-fold, respectively. The results obtained indicate that these diblock copolymers have the potential as drug carriers.
Comparison of Salvianolic Acid A Adsorption by Phenylboronic-Acid-Functionalized Montmorillonites with Different Intercalators
Authors: Qian Jun , Su Jiajia , Zeng Weihuan , Wang Yue , Hu Yingyuan , Kai Guoyin
Published: July 2023

Due to its success in treating cardio-cerebrovascular illnesses, salvianolic acid A (SAA) from Salvia miltiorrhiza is of major importance for effective acquisition. For the adsorption of salvianolic acid, cationic polyelectrolytes, and amino-terminated silane intercalated with phenylboronic-acid-functionalized montmorillonites, known as phenylboronic-acid-functionalized montmorillonites with PEI (PMP) and phenylboronic-acid-functionalized montmorillonites with KH550 (PMK), respectively, were produced. In this paper, detailed comparisons of the SAA adsorption performance and morphology of two adsorbents were performed. PMP showed a higher adsorption efficiency (>88%) over a wide pH range. PMK showed less pH-dependent SAA adsorption with a faster adsorption kinetic fitting in a pseudo-second-order model. For both PMP and PMK, the SAA adsorption processes were endothermic. Additionally, it was clearer how temperature affected PMP adsorption. PMK has a higher adsorption selectivity. This study demonstrates how the type of intercalator can be seen to have an impact on adsorption behavior through various structural variations and offers an alternative suggestion for establishing a dependable method for the synthesis of functional montmorillonite from the intercalator’s perspective.
Recent Progress on Hydrogen Production from Ammonia Decomposition: Technical Roadmap and Catalytic Mechanism
Authors: Huang Xiangyong , Lei Ke , Mi Yan , Fang Wenjian , Li Xiaochuan
Published: July 2023

Ammonia decomposition has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its ability to produce hydrogen without emitting carbon dioxide and the ease of ammonia storage. This paper reviews the recent developments in ammonia decomposition technologies for hydrogen production, focusing on the latest advances in catalytic materials and catalyst design, as well as the research progress in the catalytic reaction mechanism. Additionally, the paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each method and the importance of finding non-precious metals to reduce costs and improve efficiency. Overall, this paper provides a valuable reference for further research on ammonia decomposition for hydrogen production.
An In Vivo Assessment of the Effect of Hexane Extract from Endlicheria paniculata Branches and Its Main Compound, Methyldehydrodieugenol B, on Murine Sponge-Induced Inflammation
Authors: Ferreira Bruno Antonio , Souza Rafael Aparecido Carvalho , de Moura Francyelle Borges Rosa , Silva Tiara da Costa , Adriano Tais da Silva , Franca Eduardo de Faria , de Sousa Raquel Maria Ferreira , Araújo Fernanda de Assis , Lago João Henrique Ghilardi , de Oliveira Alberto
Published: July 2023

The present study aims to explore the anti-inflammatory potential activity of the hexane extract from branches (HEB) of Endlicheria paniculata (Lauraceae) and its main compound, methyldehydrodieugenol B, in the inflammatory response induced by a murine implant sponge model. HPLC-ESI/MS analysis of HEB led to the identification of six chemically related neolignans, with methyldehydrodieugenol B as the main compound. An in silico analysis of the pharmacokinetic parameters of the identified compounds suggested moderate solubility but good absorption and biodistribution in vivo. Thus, the treatment of mice with HEB using in vivo assays indicated that HEB promoted pro-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and antifibrogenic effects, whereas treatment with methyldehydrodieugenol B caused anti-inflammatory, antifibrogenic, and antiangiogenic effects. The obtained results shown the therapeutic potential of HEB and methyldehydrodieugenol B in the treatment of pathologies associated with inflammation and angiogenesis, including chronic wounds.