bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Copper‐Catalyzed Sonogashira Reaction in Water
Authors: Liu Yujia , Blanchard Vincent , Danoun Grégory , Zhang Zhaoyang , Tlili Anis , Zhang Wenlong , Monnier Florian , Van Der Lee Arie , Mao Jincheng , Taillefer Marc
Published: December 2017

Copper‐catalyzed Sonogashira reaction has been realized under biphasic conditions (water / organic substrates) allowing decreasing the copper loading up to 0.02–0.2 mol %. A potential intermediate species of the reaction, corresponding to a copper cluster linked with acetylide moiety, has been identified.
Surface integrity generated with peripheral milling and the effect on low-cycle fatigue performance of aeronautic titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Yang D. , Liu Z.
Published: December 2017

Machining-induced surface integrity has an important effect on reliability and service life of the components used in the aerospace industry where titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V is widely applied. Characterisation of machining-induced surface integrity and revealing its effect on fatigue life are conducive to structural fatigue life optimisation design. In the present study, surface topography, residual stress, microstructure and micro-hardness were first characterised in peripheral milling of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. Then, low-cycle fatigue performances of machined specimens were investigated on the basis of the tension-tension tests. Finally, the effects of surface integrity factors (stress concentration factor, residual stress and micro-hardness) on fatigue performances were discussed. Results show that stress concentration can reduce the fatigue life while increasing the residual compressive stress, and micro-hardness is beneficial to prolonging the fatigue life, but when the surface material of the specimen is subjected to plastic deformation due to yield, the residual stress on the surface is relaxed, and the effect on the fatigue performance is disappeared. Under the condition of residual stress relaxation, the stress concentration factor is the main factor to determine the low-cycle fatigue life of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. While for the specimens with no residual stress relaxation, micro-hardness was the key factor to affect the fatigue life, followed by residual stress and stress concentration factor, respectively.
An unsettled debate: Key empirical and theoretical questions are still open
Authors: Vincini Stefano , Jhang Yuna , Buder Eugene H. , Gallagher Shaun
Published: December 2017

Debates about neonatal imitation remain more open than Keven & Akins (K&A) imply. K&A do not recognize the primacy of the question concerning differential imitation and the links between experimental designs and more or less plausible theoretical assumptions. Moreover, they do not acknowledge previous theorizing on spontaneous behavior, the explanatory power of entrainment, and subtle connections with social cognition.
The right to inclusive education: why is there so much opposition to its implementation?
Authors: de Beco Gauthier
Published: December 2017

Although the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) proclaims the right to inclusive education, and much attention is being given to the goal of inclusive education in debates on human rights, there are doubts as to whether this right has led to a new direction in policy-making. The under-researched question is: why is there so much opposition to the implementation of the right to inclusive education? This paper examines the question by distinguishing between both the concept and practice of inclusive education. Using a specific interdisciplinary approach in order to critically analyse a legal norm, the paper looks into the very meaning of inclusive education by utilising some central conclusions from disability studies to appraise the ideal of inclusive education, and seeks to resolve related challenges by drawing upon political philosophy to investigate pragmatic solutions to the obstacles to inclusive education. This paper claims that it is thereby possible to incorporate the element of actual achievability into such an ideal.
Central IGF1 improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in mice
Authors: Hong Hao , Cui Zhen-Zhong , Zhu Lu , Fu Shu-Ping , Rossi Mario , Cui Ying-Hong , Zhu Bing-Mei
Published: December 2017

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a key factor for tissue growth and fuel metabolism. The potential function of central IGF1 remains unclear. We previously observed that IGF1 expression is increased in the hypothalamus of obese mice lacking STAT5 in the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we explored the potential metabolic function of central IGF1 by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of IGF1, over-expression of central IGF1 by administering an adeno-associated virus (AAV), and ICV injection of an anti-IGF1 antibody. Mice that over-expressed central IGF1 displayed increased appetite, improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, decreased Pomc levels in the hypothalamus, and increased UCP1 expression in brown fat tissue. This is the first study demonstrating that central IGF1 regulates several important metabolic functions.
Long non-coding RNA MEG3 functions as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate ischemic neuronal death by targeting miR-21/PDCD4 signaling pathway
Authors: Yan Honglin , Rao Jie , Yuan Jingping , Gao Likun , Huang Wenxian , Zhao Lina , Ren Jiacai
Published: December 2017

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) has been demonstrated as an important regulator in diverse human cancers. However, its function and regulatory mechanism in ischemic stroke remains largely unknown. Here, we report that MEG3 is physically associated with microRNA-21 (miR-21), while miR-21 is downregulated following ischemia in the ischemic corein vitroandin vivo, which is opposite to MEG3. Besides, overexpression of miR-21 protects oxygen–glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, MEG3 functions as a competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) and competes with programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) mRNA for directly binding to miR-21, which mediates ischemic neuronal death. Knockdown of MEG3 protects against ischemic damage and improves overall neurological functionsin vivo. Thus, our data uncovers a novel mechanism of lncRNA MEG3 as a ceRNA by targeting miR-21/PDCD4 signaling pathway in regulating ischemic neuronal death, which may help develop new strategies for the therapeutic interventions in cerebral ischemic stroke.
RIPK3 promotes adenovirus type 5 activity
Authors: Weigert Melanie , Binks Alex , Dowson Suzanne , Leung Elaine Y. L. , Athineos Dimitris , Yu Xinzi , Mullin Margaret , Walton Josephine B. , Orange Clare , Ennis Darren , Blyth Karen , Tait Stephen W. G. , McNeish Iain A.
Published: December 2017

Oncolytic adenoviral mutants infect human malignant cells and replicate selectively within them. This induces direct cytotoxicity that can also trigger profound innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the mechanism by which adenoviruses produce cell death remains uncertain. We previously suggested that type 5 adenoviruses, including the E1A CR2 deletion mutant dl922-947, might induce a novel form of programmed death resembling necroptosis. Here we have investigated the roles of core necrosis proteins RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL in the cytotoxicity of dl922-947 and other adenovirus serotypes. By electron microscopy, we show that dl922-947 induces similar necrotic morphology as TSZ treatment (TNF-α, Smac mimetic, zVAD.fmk). However, dl922-947-mediated death is independent of TNF-α signalling, does not require RIPK1 and does not rely upon the presence of MLKL. However, inhibition of caspases, specifically caspase-8, induces necroptosis that is RIPK3 dependent and significantly enhances dl922-947 cytotoxicity. Moreover, using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, we demonstrate that the increase in cytotoxicity seen upon caspase inhibition is also MLKL dependent. Even in the absence of caspase inhibition, RIPK3 expression promotes dl922-947 and wild-type adenovirus type 5 efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Together, these results suggest that adenovirus induces a form of programmed necrosis that differs from classical TSZ necroptosis.
Type I interferon-mediated autoinflammation due to DNase II deficiency
Authors: Rodero Mathieu P. , Tesser Alessandra , Bartok Eva , Rice Gillian I. , Della Mina Erika , Depp Marine , Beitz Benoit , Bondet Vincent , Cagnard Nicolas , Duffy Darragh , Dussiot Michael , Frémond Marie-Louise , Gattorno Marco , Guillem Flavia , Kitabayashi Naoki , Porcheray Fabrice , Rieux-Laucat Frederic , Seabra Luis , Uggenti Carolina , Volpi Stefano , Zeef Leo A H. , Alyanakian Marie-Alexandra , Beltrand Jacques , Bianco Anna Monica , Boddaert Nathalie , Brouzes Chantal , Candon Sophie , Caorsi Roberta , Charbit Marina , Fabre Monique , Faletra Flavio , Girard Muriel , Harroche Annie , Hartmann Evelyn , Lasne Dominique , Marcuzzi Annalisa , Neven Bénédicte , Nitschke Patrick , Pascreau Tiffany , Pastore Serena , Picard Capucine , Picco Paolo , Piscianz Elisa , Polak Michel , Quartier Pierre , Rabant Marion , Stocco Gabriele , Taddio Andrea , Uettwiller Florence , Valencic Erica , Vozzi Diego , Hartmann Gunther , Barchet Winfried , Hermine Olivier , Bader-Meunier Brigitte , Tommasini Alberto , Crow Yanick J.
Published: December 2017

Microbial nucleic acid recognition serves as the major stimulus to an antiviral response, implying a requirement to limit the misrepresentation of self nucleic acids as non-self and the induction of autoinflammation. By systematic screening using a panel of interferon-stimulated genes we identify two siblings and a singleton variably demonstrating severe neonatal anemia, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, liver fibrosis, deforming arthropathy and increased anti-DNA antibodies. In both families we identify biallelic mutations in DNASE2, associated with a loss of DNase II endonuclease activity. We record increased interferon alpha protein levels using digital ELISA, enhanced interferon signaling by RNA-Seq analysis and constitutive upregulation of phosphorylated STAT1 and STAT3 in patient lymphocytes and monocytes. A hematological disease transcriptomic signature and increased numbers of erythroblasts are recorded in patient peripheral blood, suggesting that interferon might have a particular effect on hematopoiesis. These data define a type I interferonopathy due to DNase II deficiency in humans.
Author Correction: Resonant out-of-phase fluorescence microscopy and remote imaging overcome spectral limitations
Authors: Quérard Jérôme , Zhang Ruikang , Kelemen Zsolt , Plamont Marie-Aude , Xie Xiaojiang , Chouket Raja , Roemgens Insa , Korepina Yulia , Albright Samantha , Ipendey Eliane , Volovitch Michel , Sladitschek Hanna L. , Neveu Pierre , Gissot Lionel , Gautier Arnaud , Faure Jean-Denis , Croquette Vincent , Le Saux Thomas , Jullien Ludovic
Published: December 2017

The Peer Review File associated with this Article was updated shortly after publication to redact from the authors’ point-by-point response a description of unpublished work describing how Speed OPIOM may in future be used to facilitate discrimination between FRET and direct excitation.
Metas-Chip precisely identifies presence of micrometastasis in live biopsy samples by label free approach
Authors: Nikshoar Mohammad Saeid , Khayamian Mohammad Ali , Ansaryan Saeid , Sanati Hassan , Gharooni Milad , Farahmand Leila , Rezakhanloo Farshad , Majidzadeh-A Keivan , Hoseinpour Parisa , Dadgari Shahrzad , Kiani-M Leila , Saqafi Mohammad , Gity Masoumeh , Abdolahad Mohammad
Published: December 2017

Detecting the micrometastasis is a major challenge in patients’ survival. The small volume of the biopsied tissue results in limited number of histopathological samples and might reduce the rate of accurate diagnosis even by molecular technologies. We introduce a microelectronic biochip (named Metas-Chip) to detect the micrometastasis in unprocessed liquid or solid samples. It works based on the tendency of malignant cells to track single human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC)-sensing traps. Such cells detach themselves from the biopsied sample and invade the sensing traps by inducing membrane retraction and blebbing, which result in sharp changes in electrical response of the sensing elements. Metas-Chip identified the metastasis in more than 70 breast cancer patients, in less than 5 h. Moreover it detected the metastasis in lymph nodes of nine patients whom were missed by conventional pathological procedure. Multilevel IHC and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests confirmed the diagnosis.
Neural computations underpinning the strategic management of influence in advice giving
Authors: Hertz Uri , Palminteri Stefano , Brunetti Silvia , Olesen Cecilie , Frith Chris D , Bahrami Bahador
Published: December 2017

Research on social influence has focused mainly on the target of influence (e.g., consumer and voter); thus, the cognitive and neurobiological underpinnings of the source of the influence (e.g., politicians and salesmen) remain unknown. Here, in a three-sided advice-giving game, two advisers competed to influence a client by modulating their own confidence in their advice about which lottery the client should choose. We report that advisers’ strategy depends on their level of influence on the client and their merit relative to one another. Moreover, blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the temporo-parietal junction is modulated by adviser’s current level of influence on the client, and relative merit prediction error affects activity in medial-prefrontal cortex. Both types of social information modulate ventral striatum response. By demonstrating what happens in our mind and brain when we try to influence others, these results begin to explain the biological mechanisms that shape inter-individual differences in social conduct.
Allosteric modulation of protein-protein interactions by individual lipid binding events
Authors: Cong Xiao , Liu Yang , Liu Wen , Liang Xiaowen , Laganowsky Arthur
Published: December 2017

The diverse lipid environment of the biological membrane can modulate the structure and function of membrane proteins. However, little is known about the role that lipids play in modulating protein–protein interactions. Here we employed native mass spectrometry (MS) to determine how individual lipid-binding events to the ammonia channel (AmtB) modulate its interaction with the regulatory protein, GlnK. The thermodynamic signature of AmtB–GlnK in the absence of lipids indicates conformational dynamics. A small number of lipids bound to AmtB is sufficient to modulate the interaction with GlnK, and lipids with different headgroups display a range of allosteric modulation. We also find that lipid chain length and stereochemistry can affect the degree of allosteric modulation, indicating an unforeseen selectivity of membrane proteins toward the chemistry of lipid tails. These results demonstrate that individual lipid-binding events can allosterically modulate the interactions of integral membrane and soluble proteins.
Early Development of Network Oscillations in the Ferret Visual Cortex
Authors: Li Yuhui , Yu Chunxiu , Zhou Zhe Charles , Stitt Iain , Sellers Kristin K. , Gilmore John H. , Frohlich Flavio
Published: December 2017

Although oscillations during development have been characterized in a wide range of neural systems, little is known about the interaction between these network oscillations and neuronal spiking, and the interactions among different oscillation frequencies. Here we recorded the spontaneous and visual-elicited local field potential (LFP) and multi-unit activity (MUA) in the visual cortex of freely-moving juvenile ferrets before and after eye-opening. We found that both the spontaneous and visually-elicited LFP power was increased after eye-opening, especially in higher frequency bands (>30 Hz). Spike LFP phase coupling was decreased for lower frequency bands (theta and alpha) but slightly increased for higher frequencies (high-gamma band). A similar shift towards faster frequencies also occurred for phase-amplitude coupling; with maturation, the coupling of the theta/alpha/beta band amplitude to the delta phase was decreased and the high-gamma amplitude coupling to theta/alpha phase was increased. This shift towards higher frequencies was also reflected in the visual responses; the LFP oscillation became more entrained by visual stimulation with higher frequencies (>10 Hz). Taken together, these results suggest gamma oscillation as a signature of the maturation of cortical circuitry.
No Evidence that Knops Blood Group Polymorphisms Affect Complement Receptor 1 Clustering on Erythrocytes
Authors: Swann O. V. , Harrison E. M. , Opi D. H. , Nyatichi E. , Macharia A. , Uyoga S. , Williams T. N. , Rowe J. A.
Published: December 2017

Clustering of Complement Receptor 1 (CR1) in the erythrocyte membrane is important for immune-complex transfer and clearance. CR1 contains the Knops blood group antigens, including the antithetical pairs Swain-Langley 1 and 2 (Sl1 and Sl2) and McCoy a and b (McCaand McCb), whose functional effects are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that theSlandMcCpolymorphisms might influence CR1 clustering on erythrocyte membranes. Blood samples from 125 healthy Kenyan children were analysed by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy to determine CR1 cluster number and volume. In agreement with previous reports, CR1 cluster number and volume were positively associated with CR1 copy number (mean number of CR1 molecules per erythrocyte). Individuals with theMcCb/McCbgenotype had more clusters per cell thanMcCa/McCaindividuals. However, this association was lost when the strong effect of CR1 copy number was included in the model. No association was observed betweenSlgenotype, sickle cell genotype, α+thalassaemia genotype, gender or age and CR1 cluster number or volume. Therefore, after correction for CR1 copy number, theSlandMcCoypolymorphisms did not influence erythrocyte CR1 clustering, and the effects of the Knops polymorphisms on CR1 function remains unknown.
Cytokine profiling in healthy children shows association of age with cytokine concentrations
Authors: Decker Marie-Luise , Gotta Verena , Wellmann Sven , Ritz Nicole
Published: December 2017

Cytokine-based diagnostic assays are increasingly used in research and clinical practice. Assays developed for adults such as the interferon-gamma release assay for tuberculosis show inferior performance in children. Limited evidence suggests that release of cytokines is influenced by age but normal ranges of cytokines in children are lacking. Whole blood of healthy children (0–12 years) undergoing elective/diagnostic procedures was stimulated with SEB, PHA, Candida albicans for 24 hours or left unstimulated. Concentrations of eight cytokines were measured by multiplex bead-based immunoassays and associations with age and other factors quantified by regression analysis. 271 children (median age 5.2 years) were included. In unstimulated samples IL-1ra, IP-10 and TNF-α concentrations decreased by up to −60% with age. Following antigen stimulation, an age-associated increase (ranging from +90% to +500%) was observed for all cytokines except IL-1ra (significant for IL-4, IFN-γ and TNF-α). Inter-individual variability in cytokine concentrations was large with a coefficient of variation ranging from 42% to 1412%. Despite inter-individual variation age was identified as a strong influencing factor of cytokine concentrations. Age-specific normal values need to be considered for cytokine-based diagnostic purposes. These results are relevant for development of novel cytokine-based diagnostic assays and for optimal dosing of therapeutic agents targeting cytokines.
BKIP-1, an auxiliary subunit critical to SLO-1 function, inhibits SLO-2 potassium channel in vivo
Authors: Niu Long-Gang , Liu Ping , Shui Yuan , Mailler Roger , Wang Zhao-Wen , Chen Bojun
Published: December 2017

Auxiliary subunits are often needed to tailor K+ channel functional properties and expression levels. Many auxiliary subunits have been identified for mammalian Slo1, a high-conductance K+ channel gated by voltage and Ca2+. Experiments with heterologous expression systems show that some of the identified Slo1 auxiliary subunits can also regulate other Slo K+ channels. However, it is unclear whether a single auxiliary subunit may regulate more than one Slo channel in native tissues. BKIP-1, an auxiliary subunit of C. elegans SLO-1, facilitates SLO-1 membrane trafficking and regulates SLO-1 function in neurons and muscle cells. Here we show that BKIP-1 also serves as an auxiliary subunit of C. elegans SLO-2, a high-conductance K+ channel gated by membrane voltage and cytosolic Cl− and Ca2+. Comparisons of whole-cell and single-channel SLO-2 currents in native neurons and muscle cells between worm strains with and without BKIP-1 suggest that BKIP-1 reduces chloride sensitivity, activation rate, and single-channel open probability of SLO-2. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays indicate that BKIP-1 interacts with SLO-2 carboxyl terminal. Thus, BKIP-1 may serve as an auxiliary subunit of SLO-2. BKIP-1 appears to be the first example that a single auxiliary subunit exerts opposite effects on evolutionarily related channels in the same cells.
Reduction in Step Height Variation and Correcting Contrast Inversion in Dynamic AFM of WS2 Monolayers
Authors: Godin Kyle , Cupo Christian , Yang Eui-Hyeok
Published: December 2017

A model has been developed to account for and prevent the anomalies encountered in topographic images of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers using dynamic atomic force microscopy (dAFM). The height of WS2 monolayers measured using dAFM appeared to be increased or decreased, resulting from the interactions between the tip and the surface. The hydrophilic SiO2 substrate appeared higher than the weakly hydrophilic WS2 when the tip amplitude was low or at a high set point (high force). Large amplitudes and low set points corrected the step height inversion, but did not recover the true step height. Removing water from the sample resulted in an order of magnitude reduced variation in step height, but the WS2 appeared inverted except at low amplitudes and high set points. Our model explains the varying step heights in dAFM of TMDs as a result of varying tip-sample interactions between the sample and substrate, in the presence or absence of capillaries. To eliminate contrast inversion, high amplitudes can be used to reduce the effect of capillary forces. However, when capillaries are not present, low amplitudes and high set points produce images with proper contrast due to tool operation in the repulsive regime on both materials.
Computational detection and quantification of human and mouse neutrophil extracellular traps in flow cytometry and confocal microscopy
Authors: Ginley Brandon G. , Emmons Tiffany , Lutnick Brendon , Urban Constantin F. , Segal Brahm H. , Sarder Pinaki
Published: December 2017

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular defense mechanisms used by neutrophils, where chromatin is expelled together with histones and granular/cytoplasmic proteins. They have become an immunology hotspot, implicated in infections, but also in a diverse array of diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes, and cancer. However, the precise assessment of in vivo relevance in different disease settings has been hampered by limited tools to quantify occurrence of extracellular traps in experimental models and human samples. To expedite progress towards improved quantitative tools, we have developed computational pipelines to identify extracellular traps from an in vitro human samples visualized using the ImageStream® platform (Millipore Sigma, Darmstadt, Germany), and confocal images of an in vivo mouse disease model of aspergillus fumigatus pneumonia. Our two in vitro methods, tested on n = 363/n =145 images respectively, achieved holdout sensitivity/specificity 0.98/0.93 and 1/0.92. Our unsupervised method for thin lung tissue sections in murine fungal pneumonia achieved sensitivity/specificity 0.99/0.98 in n = 14 images. Our supervised method for thin lung tissue classified NETs with sensitivity/specificity 0.86/0.90. We expect that our approach will be of value for researchers, and have application in infectious and inflammatory diseases.
Plant-plant competition outcomes are modulated by plant effects on the soil bacterial community
Authors: Hortal S. , Lozano Y. M. , Bastida F. , Armas C. , Moreno J. L. , Garcia C. , Pugnaire F. I.
Published: December 2017

Competition is a key process that determines plant community structure and dynamics, often mediated by nutrients and water availability. However, the role of soil microorganisms on plant competition, and the links between above- and belowground processes, are not well understood. Here we show that the effects of interspecific plant competition on plant performance are mediated by feedbacks between plants and soil bacterial communities. Each plant species selects a singular community of soil microorganisms in its rhizosphere with a specific species composition, abundance and activity. When two plant species interact, the resulting soil bacterial community matches that of the most competitive plant species, suggesting strong competitive interactions between soil bacterial communities as well. We propose a novel mechanism by which changes in belowground bacterial communities promoted by the most competitive plant species influence plant performance and competition outcome. These findings emphasise the strong links between plant and soil communities, paving the way to a better understanding of plant community dynamics and the effects of soil bacterial communities on ecosystem functioning and services.
Dental caries in the fossil record: a window to the evolution of dietary plasticity in an extinct bear
Authors: Figueirido Borja , Pérez-Ramos Alejandro , Schubert Blaine W. , Serrano Francisco , Farrell Aisling B. , Pastor Francisco J. , Neves Aline A. , Romero Alejandro
Published: December 2017

During the late Pleistocene of North America (≈36,000 to 10,000 years ago), saber-toothed cats, American lions, dire wolves, and coyotes competed for prey resources at Rancho La Brea (RLB). Despite the fact that the giant short-faced bear (Arctodus simus) was the largest land carnivoran present in the fauna, there is no evidence that it competed with these other carnivores for prey at the site. Here, for the first time, we report carious lesions preserved in specimens of A. simus, recovered from RLB. Our results suggest that the population of A. simus from RLB was more omnivorous than the highly carnivorous populations from the Northwest. This dietary variation may be a consequence of different competitive pressures.
Tracing halogen and B cycling in subduction zones based on obducted, subducted and forearc serpentinites of the Dominican Republic
Authors: Pagé Lilianne , Hattori Keiko
Published: December 2017

Serpentinites are important reservoirs of fluid-mobile elements in subduction zones, contributing to volatiles in arc magmas and their transport into the Earth’s mantle. This paper reports halogen (F, Cl, Br, I) and B abundances of serpentinites from the Dominican Republic, including obducted and subducted abyssal serpentinites and forearc mantle serpentinites. Abyssal serpentinite compositions indicate the incorporation of these elements from seawater and sediments during serpentinization on the seafloor and at slab bending. During their subduction and subsequent lizardite-antigorite transition, F and B are retained in serpentinites, whilst Cl, Br and I are expelled. Forearc mantle serpentinite compositions suggest their hydration by fluids released from subducting altered oceanic crust and abyssal serpentinites, with only minor sediment contribution. This finding is consistent with the minimal subduction of sediments in the Dominican Republic. Forearc mantle serpentinites have F/Cl and B/Cl ratios similar to arc magmas, suggesting the importance of serpentinite dehydration in the generation of arc magmatism in the mantle wedge.
Coinfection takes its toll: Sea lice override the protective effects of vaccination against a bacterial pathogen in Atlantic salmon
Authors: Figueroa Carolina , Bustos Paulina , Torrealba Débora , Dixon Brian , Soto Carlos , Conejeros Pablo , Gallardo José A.
Published: December 2017

Vaccination is considered crucial for disease prevention and fish health in the global salmon farming industry. Nevertheless, some aspects, such as the efficacy of vaccines, can be largely circumvented during natural coinfections. Sea lice are ectoparasitic copepods that can occur with a high prevalence in the field, are frequently found in co-infection with other pathogens, and are highly detrimental to fish health. The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate the interaction between the detrimental effects of coinfection and the protective effects of vaccination in fish. We used the interaction between the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi, the bacterial pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis, and their host, the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, as a study model. Our results showed that coinfection decreased the accumulated survival (AS) and specific growth rate (SGR) of vaccinated fish (AS = 5.2 ± 0.6%; SGR = −0.05 ± 0.39%) compared to a single infection of P. salmonis (AS = 42.7 ± 1.3%; SGR = 0.21 ± 0.22%). Concomitantly, the bacterial load and clinical signs of disease were significantly increased in coinfected fish. Coinfection may explain the reduced efficacy of vaccines in sea cages and highlights the need to test fish vaccines in more diverse conditions rather than with a single infection.
Direct detection of lysine side chain NH3+ in protein–heparin complexes using NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Sepuru Krishna Mohan , Iwahara Junji , Rajarathnam Krishna
Published: December 2017

Identification of the lysine side chain NζH3+ peak in the HISQC spectrum and Nζ chemical shift difference between the free and heparin-bound forms are useful methods for identifying binding-interface lysines in protein–heparin complexes.
Electrophoretic deposition of ordered mesoporous carbon nitride on a stainless steel wire as a high-performance solid phase microextraction coating
Authors: Ghaemmaghami M. , Yamini Y. , Amanzadeh H. , Hosseini Monjezi B.
Published: December 2017

An electrophoretic deposition approach was developed to fabricate a robust ordered mesoporous carbon nitride (MCN) coating for solid-phase microextraction.
Ni3S2@MoO3 core/shell arrays on Ni foam modified with ultrathin CdS layer as a superior electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Lu Wenqing , Song Ye , Dou Meiling , Ji Jing , Wang Feng
Published: December 2017

Ultrathin CdS layer modifying MoO3/Ni3S2 hierarchical nanoarray on Ni foam exhibits ultrahigh electrocatalytic activity towards hydrogen evolution reaction.
Mineralizer effect on facet-controllable hydrothermal crystallization of perovskite structure YbFeO3 crystals
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Huang Keke , Yuan Long , Feng Shouhua
Published: December 2017

Mineralizer is a key factor in the hydrothermal crystallization of most metal oxide materials.
Compact diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser for remote analysis of low-alloy steels by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Lednev V. N. , Dormidonov A. E. , Sdvizhenskii P. A. , Ya Grishin M. , Fedorov A. N. , Savvin A. D. , Safronova E. S. , Pershin S. M.
Published: December 2017

A low weight diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser (400 g, 1064 nm, 5 ns, 130 mJ per pulse) was developed for a compact laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) system to be installed on a robotized arm.
Atmospheric chemistry of CH3O: its unimolecular reaction and reactions with H2O, NH3, and HF
Authors: Wei Mei-Ling , Tan Xing-Feng , Long Zheng-Wen , Long Bo
Published: December 2017

Herein, we present a definitive example where tunneling plays an important role in hydrogen atom transfer reactions.
Sol–gel synthesis of Sr1−xYbxF2+x nanoparticles dispersible in acrylates
Authors: Schmidt L. , Mahn St. , Kemnitz E.
Published: December 2017

A new approach to prepare nanoparticles in SrF2-YbF3 systems via the fluorolytic sol–gel synthesis is presented.
Molecular design to regulate the photophysical properties of multifunctional TADF emitters towards high-performance TADF-based OLEDs with EQEs up to 22.4% and small efficiency roll-offs
Authors: Yu Ling , Wu Zhongbin , Xie Guohua , Zeng Weixuan , Ma Dongge , Yang Chuluo
Published: December 2017

The photophysical properties of four new quinoxaline derivatives featuring both AIE and TADF characteristics were controlled to give high EQEs.
Polyethylene-supported ultra-thin polyvinylidene fluoride/hydroxyethyl cellulose blended polymer electrolyte for 5 V high voltage lithium ion batteries
Authors: Ma Xiangdong , Zuo Xiaoxi , Wu Jinhua , Deng Xiao , Xiao Xin , Liu Jiansheng , Nan Junmin
Published: December 2017

A novel PE supported ultra-thin GPE was obtained by a simple dipping method and shows better cycling stability in 5 V LIBs.
Phosphorus functionalization for the rapid preparation of highly nanoporous submicron-diameter carbon fibers by electrospinning of lignin solutions
Authors: García-Mateos F. J. , Berenguer R. , Valero-Romero M. J. , Rodríguez-Mirasol J. , Cordero T.
Published: December 2017

Rapid preparation of low-cost carbon fibers by electrospinning of lignin solutions thanks to the functionalization with H3PO4.
Research on seamless switching control strategy for T‐type three‐level energy storage inverter based on virtual synchronous generator
Authors: Zhang Dan , Jiang JianGuo , Zhang Liang , Wang BaoNan , Zhou Zhongzheng , Li HongLiang
Published: December 2017

The topology of energy storage inverter is adopted with T‐type three‐level structure. The characteristics are analysed when the T‐type three‐level energy storage inverter is working on the grid‐connected and isolated‐island operation. In order to satisfy the stable switching operation from grid‐connected to isolated‐island, a seamless switching control strategy based on the virtual synchronous generator is proposed. A simulation model of seamless switching control for T‐type three‐level energy storage converter is built in MATLAB to verify the correctness of the proposed strategy.
Multi‐objectives combined electric heating dispatch model of wind power accommodation with heat storage device
Authors: Wang Xiaodan , Li Hong
Published: December 2017

In order to solve the wind curtailment problem during the heating period in winter in North China, through the heat storage device installed at the power supply side decoupling the ‘electrothermal coupling’ characteristics of the thermoelectric unit and using the minimum coal consumption cost of the system and the minimum wind curtailment power as the fitness function, the multi‐objectives combined electric heating dispatch model of wind power accommodation with thermoelectric unit, thermal power unit, wind power unit and heat storage device were established. Then the improved multi‐objective particle swarm optimisation algorithm was applied to test the example. Through the simulation results, the wind power accommodation and its power output with the traditional heating model and contained heat storage device model were compared, and the optimal pareto solution set and the compromise solution were obtained. Finally, the effect of the heat storage rate and heat storage capacity of heat storage device were researched for the grid‐connected wind power and the limit heat storage rate and heat storage capacity under the wind power accommodation were gained completely.
Analytical model of hybrid MMC for dynamic and steady‐state studies
Authors: Lu Xiaojun , Xiang Wang , Lin Weixing , Wen Jinyu
Published: December 2017

This study researched the analytical models for the modular multilevel converter (MMC) with its arm mixed with half‐bridge submodules and full‐bridge submodules, named as hybrid MMC. The state‐space model and steady‐state model of hybrid MMC under rotating frame are proposed. The phasor modelling method is employed to describe the internal dynamics of the converter. Modulation signals combined with the elementary control of hybrid MMC are considered in the modelling. The accuracy of the analytical models is verified by extensive time‐domain simulation in contrast with PSCAD/EMTDC models. A ‘select and check’ method is proposed to determine the feasible operating zone of hybrid MMC considering multiple operating constraints. The operating zones of the test hybrid MMC under different DC voltage levels are analysed.
Situation awareness of power system based on static voltage security region
Authors: Xiao Fei , Jiang Zi‐Qing , Ai Qian , Hao Ran
Published: December 2017

Situation awareness is a key factor in preserving power system security, as it enables effective and timely decision‐making and reactions by the operators to the potential incidents. In order to identify operating status of large power system integrated with wind farms, this study presented a method of situation awareness based on static voltage security region (SVSR). Firstly, index of voltage security margin is proposed based on the limit induced bifurcation to quantify the level of the power system voltage security. Then, the authors calculate the hyper‐planes of SVSR boundary by combination of quasi‐steady‐state equation and heuristic algorithm. These hyper‐planes, obtained by off‐line computation, assist in online assessment of security state and load margin. Furthermore, a wind power forecast technique is used to produce a new wind speed series for a given correlation between two wind farms, which support the situation projection. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by cases studied in the modified IEEE 9‐bus and IEEE 118‐bus system.
Pediatric Klüver–Bucy Syndrome: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Boronat S. , Delgado I. , Felipe A. , Macaya A. , Juliá-Palacios N.
Published: December 2017

Klüver–Bucy syndrome (KBS) is a rare behavioral phenotype described in monkeys and humans that appears most often after bilateral temporal damage. The main features of KBS are compulsion to examine objects orally, increased sexual activity, placidity, hypermetamorphosis, visual agnosia, and amnesia. Cases in children are scarce, and the most frequently reported etiology is herpes encephalitis. Hyperorality (90%), hypersexuality (82%), and epilepsy (70%) were the most common features of the 51 cases reported in the literature to date. Carbamazepine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and neuroleptics have been used for symptomatic treatment with variable control. Corticosteroids or immunosupressive agents, such as rituximab, can be an option to use in some cases, according to etiology suspicion. Cognitive and behavioral disturbances after KBS are often severe, but improvement can occur over a long time and residual disabilities vary from major to fairly mild.

We report two new encephalitis-associated pediatric patients and review all of the pediatric KBS cases in the literature to better describe the clinical features of this rare neurobehavioral condition.
Orbital Apex Lesions: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge
Authors: Cho Sung-Woo , Lee Won-Wook , Ma Dae , Kim Ji-hoon , Han Doo , Kim Hyun , Kim Dong-Young , Kim Seong-Joon , Khwarg Sang , Kim Sung-Min , Paek Sun , Rhee Chae-Seo , Lee Chul , Hwang Peter , Won Tae-Bin
Published: December 2017

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of and treatment outcomes for orbital apex lesions according to their pathological diagnosis and identify clinical characteristics that could aid in their differential diagnosis.

Design Retrospective analysis design was used for this study.

Setting The study was conducted in a single tertiary institution.

Participants Patients with pathologically confirmed lesions centered in the orbital apex who were admitted between January 2011 and December 2015.

Main Outcome Measures Clinical characteristics, including demographics, predisposing factors, presenting symptoms, radiological findings, intraoperative findings, biopsy results, and treatment outcomes.

Results Nine patients with invasive fungal sinusitis, six with inflammatory pseudotumor, and six with neoplastic or tumorous lesions were enrolled. The most common presenting symptom was orbital pain or headache, followed by ophthalmoplegia and vision loss, which exhibited overall recovery rates of 62.5% and 33.3%, respectively, after definitive treatment. The prognosis was worse for patients with invasive fungal sinusitis. There was no significant difference in age, underlying medical conditions, absolute neutrophil count, C-reactive protein level, and radiological findings among the three groups. Grossly necrotic tissues around the orbital apex area at biopsy were more frequently found in patients with invasive fungal sinusitis than in the other patients. In most cases, pain ameliorated after surgical intervention. There were no surgery-related morbidities.

Conclusions Lesions centered in the orbital apex included invasive fungal sinusitis, inflammatory pseudotumor, and tumorous lesions. However, clinical features that clearly differentiated chronic invasive fungal sinusitis from inflammatory pseudotumor could not be identified. Our findings suggest that prompt biopsy is warranted for timely diagnosis, symptom relief, and early implementation of definitive treatment.
A fast-neutron detection detector based on fission material and large sensitive 4H silicon carbide Schottky diode detector
Authors: Liu Linyue , Liu Jinliang , Zhang Jianfu , Chen Liang , Zhang Xianpeng , Zhang Zhongbing , Ruan Jinlu , Jin Peng , Bai Song , Ouyang Xiaoping
Published: December 2017

Silicon carbide radiation detectors are attractive in the measurement of the total numbers of pulsed fast neutrons emitted from nuclear fusion and fission devices because of high neutron-gamma discrimination and good radiation resistance. A fast-neutron detection system was developed based on a large-area 4H–SiC Schottky diode detector and a 235U fission target. Excellent pulse-height spectra of fission fragments induced by mono-energy deuterium-tritium (D-T) fusion neutrons and continuous energy fission neutrons were obtained. The detector is proven to be a good candidate for pulsed fast neutron detection in a complex radiation field.
An ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometer with high mass resolution for cold trapped ion experiments
Authors: Schmid P. C. , Greenberg J. , Miller M. I. , Loeffler K. , Lewandowski H. J.
Published: December 2017

Trapping molecular ions that have been sympathetically cooled with laser-cooled atomic ions is a useful platform for exploring cold ion chemistry. We designed and characterized a new experimental apparatus for probing chemical reaction dynamics between molecular cations and neutral radicals at temperatures below 1 K. The ions are trapped in a linear quadrupole radio-frequency trap and sympathetically cooled by co-trapped, laser-cooled, atomic ions. The ion trap is coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer to readily identify product ion species and to accurately determine trapped ion numbers. We discuss, and present in detail, the design of this ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometer and the electronics required for driving the trap and mass spectrometer. Furthermore, we measure the performance of this system, which yields mass resolutions of m/Δm ≥ 1100 over a wide mass range, and discuss its relevance for future measurements in chemical reaction kinetics and dynamics.
Temperature and electric-field induced phase transition behavior and electrical properties of [001]-oriented 0.23Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.47Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3-Mn single crystals
Authors: Zhang Zhang , Chen Jianwei , Xu Jialin , Li Xiaobing , Luo Haosu
Published: December 2017

The temperature and electric-field induced phase transition behavior and dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of [001]-oriented 0.23Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–0.47Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.3PbTiO3-Mn (PIMNT-Mn) single crystals were investigated. Dielectric performance analysis and temperature-dependent Raman spectra show three apparent ferroelectric phase transition temperatures around 120 °C(TR-M),145 °C(TM-T), and 170 °C(TT-C), respectively. In addition, the temperature dependence of the relative Raman intensities of Lorentzian peaks indicates the poled PIMNT-Mn single crystals exhibit rhombohedral(R) → monoclinic(M) → tetragonal(T) → cubic(C) phase transition path. The electrical properties of the PIMNT-Mn single crystals such as the longitudinal electrostrictive coefficient (Q), the converse piezoelectric constant (d33), and the maximum strain value (Smax%) have changed abnormally around the phase transition temperatures (TR-M and TM-T).
Iterative decoding of SOVA and LDPC product code for bit-patterned media recoding
Authors: Jeong Seongkwon , Lee Jaejin
Published: December 2017

The demand for high-density storage systems has increased due to the exponential growth of data. Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) is one of the promising technologies to achieve the density of 1Tbit/in2 and higher. To increase the areal density in BPMR, the spacing between islands needs to be reduced, yet this aggravates inter-symbol interference and inter-track interference and degrades the bit error rate performance. In this paper, we propose a decision feedback scheme using low-density parity check (LDPC) product code for BPMR. This scheme can improve the decoding performance using an iterative approach with extrinsic information and log-likelihood ratio value between iterative soft output Viterbi algorithm and LDPC product code. Simulation results show that the proposed LDPC product code can offer 1.8dB and 2.3dB gains over the one LDPC code at the density of 2.5 and 3 Tb/in2, respectively, when bit error rate is 10-6.
Thermodynamic photoinduced disorder in AlGaN nanowires
Authors: Alfaraj Nasir , Muhammed Mufasila Mumthaz , Li Kuang-Hui , Janjua Bilal , Aljefri Renad A. , Sun Haiding , Ng Tien Khee , Ooi Boon S. , Roqan Iman S. , Li Xiaohang
Published: December 2017

In this study, we examine thermodynamic photoinduced disorder in AlGaN nanowires through their steady-state and transient photoluminescence properties. We correlate the energy exchange during the photoexcitation and photoemission processes of the light–solid reaction and the generation of photoinduced entropy of the nanowires using temperature-dependent (6 K to 290 K) photoluminescence. We observed an oscillatory trend in the generated entropy of the system below 200 K, with an oscillation frequency that was significantly lower than what we have previously observed in InGaN/GaN nanowires. In contrast to the sharp increase in generated entropy at temperatures close to room temperature in InGaN/GaN nanowires, an insignificant increase was observed in AlGaN nanowires, indicating lower degrees of disorder-induced uncertainty in the wider bandgap semiconductor. We conjecture that the enhanced atomic ordering in AlGaN caused lower degrees of disorder-induced uncertainty related to the energy of states involved in thermionic transitions; in keeping with this conjecture, we observed lower oscillation frequency below 200 K and a stable behavior in the generated entropy at temperatures close to room temperature.