bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reading ‘blackface’: A (narrative) introduction to Richard Kearney’s notion of carnal hermeneutics
Authors: Pretorius Helgard
Published: May 2016

Prominent Irish philosopher Richard Kearney’s notion of ‘carnal hermeneutics’ is introduced by applying it to a case study of a recent event that took place at one of South Africa’s university campuses. The narrative assists in illuminating some of the core principles of carnal hermeneutics and illustrates the applicability of carnal hermeneutics as a ‘diagnostic caring for lived existence’. In the process, an analysis is also given of the event in question, which is connected to what has widely been labelled as ‘blackface’. In conclusion, the contextual, philosophical, ethical, and theological implications of carnal hermeneutics are explored with an eye on theological praxes in South Africa today. Keywords: Carnal Hermeneutics; Hermeneutics; Flesh; Body; Richard Kearney; Merleau-Ponty; Ricoeur; Blackface
Pedagogy of social transformation in the Hebrew Bible: Allowing Scripture to inform our interpretive strategy for contemporary application
Authors: Moloney Katherine
Published: May 2016

The Hebrew Bible itself teaches its readers and listeners how to learn. Its pedagogy of social transformation instructs contemporary Christians how to interpret and apply lessons from Scripture in a manner that is consistent with the orientation, priorities and methods inherent in the text. This article demonstrates that relationship and identity are the necessary precursors to biblical education. It then considers the educational perspective for social transformation within the Hebrew Bible. The analysis explores the purpose and process of education for social transformation and the pastorally oriented pedagogy that the Bible utilises to advance moral development and prevent hermeneutic bias. Lastly, the article considers how the narrative, Law, prophets and wisdom texts in the Hebrew Bible train in social critique. This article helps Christians to develop a biblically based hermeneutic of the Hebrew Scripture’s social transformation for application today.
‘Kyk hoe elk in die ander pas’: Landskap, liggaam en die visuele in enkele gedigte van Johann de Lange
Authors: Nel Adéle , Ströh Rickus
Published: May 2016

In hierdie artikel word ondersoek ingestel na die rol van landskap en die visuele in die poësie van Johann de Lange, sowel as na die verbintenis of verbondenheid tussen liggaam en landskap. Die meervoudige rol wat landskap in De Lange se oeuvre speel en die gepaardgaande visuele ingesteldheid word in enkele sleutelgedigte uit resente bundels verken en bespreek deur van relevante teoretiese konsepte (hoofsaaklik soos uiteengesit deur Wylie 2007) gebruik te maak. De Lange leun aan by die fenomenologiese denkskool vir wie visie en liggaam, liggaam en landskap ten nouste verweef is, maar ook by tendense van die nuwe materialisme en die ekologiese gedagte. Daar word gevolglik aangetoon dat die saambestaan van liggaam en landskap bowenal verband hou met relasionaliteit. Die digterlike proses en die wyse waarop landskap en liggaam as inspirasie vir die skryf van poësie dien, word ondersoek, en daar word aandag geskenk aan voyeurisme en die landskap van die erotiek. ‘See how each fits into the other’: Landscape , body and visual in some poems of Johann de Lange. In this article we investigated the function of landscape and the visual in Johann de Lange’s poetry as well as the bond or connectedness between body and landscape. The multiple functions of landscape in De Lange’s oeuvre as well as the concomitant visual disposition amongst selected key poems from recent volumes are investigated by using relevant theoretical concepts (mainly as discussed by Wylie 2007). De Lange also gleans from the phenomenological school of thought in which vision and body, body and landscape are closely interwoven. He also makes use of other trends such as new materialism and ecological thought. Consequently it is shown that the coexistence of body and landscape can be closely connected with relationality. The poetical process and the manner in which body and landscape serve as inspiration for the poetical writing are explored with special reference to voyeurism and the erotic landscape.Keywords: Johan De Lange; landskap; visie; liggaam
Factors influencing weight control practices amongst the adolescent girls in Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Tshililo Rose A. , Netshikweta Lizzy M. , Tshitangano Grace T. , Nemathaga Hilda L.
Published: May 2016

Background: The incidence of overweight is increasing amongst adolescents in many countries around the world. Healthy and unhealthy weight control practices are common amongst overweight and non-overweight adolescents.Aim: The aim of this study was to explore factors influencing weight control practices amongst adolescent girls. Setting: The study was conducted at selected secondary schools of Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, South Africa.Methods: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was used. Nonprobability, purposive sampling was used to select adolescents who are practicing weight control. In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 participants. Data were analysed according to Tesch’s open-coding method.Results: This study revealed that adolescent girls are influenced by a variety of factors to control their weights. These included individual factors, such as body image dissatisfaction; family factors, caused by parental criticism about adolescent weight; and environmental factors, which contain peer group endorsement of dieting.Conclusion: Adolescents are exposed to many unhealthy weight control practices, as a way of controlling excess weight. So it is of importance for healthcare providers to make them aware of healthy practices.
Self-reported impact of caregiving on voluntary home-based caregivers in Mutale Municipality, South Africa
Authors: Mashau Ntsieni S. , Netshandama Vhonani O. , Mudau Makondelela J.
Published: May 2016

Background: The establishment of home-based care (HBC) programmes in developing countries has resulted in a shift of burden from hospitals to communities where palliative care is provided by voluntary home-based caregivers.Aim: The study investigated the impact of caregiving on voluntary home-based caregivers.Setting: The study was conducted at HBC organisations located in Mutale Municipality of Limpopo Province, South Africa.Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive survey design was applied to investigate the impact of caregiving on voluntary home-based caregivers. The sample was comprised of (N = 190) home-based caregivers. Home-based caregivers provide care to people in need of care in their homes, such as orphans, the elderly and those suffering from chronic illnesses such as tuberculosis, HIV and/or AIDS, cancer and stroke. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data which were analysed descriptively using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, Version 20.Results: The results showed that 101 (53.2%) participants were worried about their financial security because they were not registered as workers, whilst 74 (39.0%) participants were always worried about getting infection from their clients because they often do not have protective equipment.Conclusion: Voluntary home-based caregivers have an important role in the provision of palliative care to people in their own homes, and therefore, the negative caregiving impact on the lives of caregivers may compromise the provision of quality palliative care.
Factors contributing to men’s reluctance to seek HIV counselling and testing at Primary Health Care facilities in Vhembe District of South Africa
Authors: Mambanga Pfungwa , Sirwali Robert N. , Tshitangano Takalani
Published: May 2016

Background: Voluntary HIV antibody Counselling and Testing (HCT) is a cornerstone of HIV prevention in South Africa because it has the potential to prevent HIV transmission. The government of South Africa has for a long time been investing heavily in fighting the spread of HIV and/or AIDS. However, men rarely utilise this service. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the factors contributing to the reluctance of men to seek HCT in the primary health facilities in Vhembe District.Setting: The study was conducted at Vhembe District health offices in Limpopo, South Africa. Methods: A qualitative research design, anchored on semi-structured interviews as a method of data collection, was used. Fifteen men working at Vhembe health offices were purposively sampled. Data were analysed using the TECHS’s 8 steps method. The approval from Polokwane Provincial offices was guaranteed with participants being protected and respected throughout the study.Results: The response rate per question was 100% with all 15 participants willing to answer all the raised questions though with different views and opinions. The majority of the interviewees indicated that they were aware of HCT services. Stigma as a societal reaction to disease, governmental policies, and attitudinal factors made men refrain from seeking counselling and testing from public health facilities.Conclusion: There was a high level of HCT awareness among men in Vhembe District. However, attitudinal and political barriers, stigma, and cultural practices such as circumcision were cited as the reasons for the low level utilisation of HCT services.Keywords: awareness, stigma, cultural practices, governmental politics, attitudinal factors
Assessing the legislative and regulatory framework supporting the management of records in South Africa’s public health sector
Authors: Katuu Shadrack , Van der Walt Thomas
Published: May 2016

Background: The process of improving the quality of health care delivery requires that health systems function efficiently and effectively. A key component of health care systems’ efficiency is the administration of records that are often poorly managed. Any improvement in the management of records has to be done in full cognisance that records are generated in an organisational setting and based on a national legislative and regulatory framework.Objectives: The purpose of this article is to assess the contextual legislative and regulatory framework of South Africa’s health care system and its impact on the effectiveness of records management in public health care institutions.Method: Data for the study were obtained from two sources. On the one hand, the study conducted a review of literature that not only provided background information but also informed the research process. On the other hand, a varied number of respondents were identified through purposive sampling, and their expert knowledge solicited through semi-structured interviews.Results: The literature review, as well as the interviews, revealed that findings on the legislative and regulatory environment are multi-layered. For instance, respondents echoed observations made from the literature review that, whilst South Africa had a complex array of legal instruments, compliance levels at public health institutions were very rudimentary and contrary to the levels of sophistication expected by the legal instruments. A number of respondents noted the lack of specific guidelines for health records and that in most government departments there was ‘a very low key focus on the regulatory issues’. Several respondents stated that even when there were general guidelines for managing records, very few public institutions were compliant. A majority of the respondents noted a lack of an integrated approach in the different legislative and regulatory instruments, for instance, on the issue of records retention.Conclusion: The study revealed three related observations: firstly, that there is substantial legislative and regulatory dissonance in the management of health records in the country’s public health sector; secondly, understanding the complex interplay of different legal and regulatory instruments in the country’s public health sector is a critical first step, but it remains the beginning of the process; thirdly, there are lessons to be drawn from the extensive experiences of other countries such as the United Kingdom in addressing the legislative and regulatory challenges.
Up-to-Date Information on Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Suda Takafumi
Published: May 2016

Pulmonary involvement is common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and affects all the components of the lung. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most predominant pulmonary manifestation and has been identified as the main cause of morbidity and mortality in RA. Clinically significant RA-ILD occurs in approximately 10% of RA patients. Several risk factors, such as old age, male gender, and smoking, have been reported to date. Histologically, the proportion of the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern is higher in RA-ILD than in ILD associated with other connective tissue diseases, and RA-ILD also shows nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and organizing pneumonia patterns. High-resolution computed tomography scans are highly predictive of the histological UIP pattern with a specificity of 96%-100%. Acute exacerbation, which is the acute deterioration of the respiratory status characterized by newly developed bilateral infiltrates with unknown etiologies, has been reported in RA-ILD. Although acute exacerbation of RA-ILD has high mortality, similar to that of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, its incidence is lower in RA-ILD than in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. A consensus treatment has not yet been established. Current therapeutic regimens typically include corticosteroids with or without cytotoxic agents. Recent large longitudinal studies reported that the prognosis of RA-ILD was poor with a median survival of 2.6-3.0 years. Furthermore, histological and/or radiological patterns, such as UIP or non-UIP, have significant prognostic implications. RA-ILD patients with histological or radiological UIP patterns have poorer prognoses than those with non-UIP patterns. This review assessed the characteristics of RA-ILD by overviewing recent studies in the field and focused on the clinical significance of histological and/or radiological patterns in RA-ILD.
Bipartite Graphs for Visualization Analysis of Microbiome Data
Authors: Sedlar Karel , Videnska Petra , Skutkova Helena , Rychlik Ivan , Provaznik Ivo
Published: May 2016

Visualization analysis plays an important role in metagenomics research. Proper and clear visualization can help researchers get their first insights into data and by selecting different features, also revealing and highlighting hidden relationships and drawing conclusions. To prevent the resulting presentations from becoming chaotic, visualization techniques have to properly tackle the high dimensionality of microbiome data. Although a number of different methods based on dimensionality reduction, correlations, Venn diagrams, and network representations have already been published, there is still room for further improvement, especially in the techniques that allow visual comparison of several environments or developmental stages in one environment. In this article, we represent microbiome data by bipartite graphs, where one partition stands for taxa and the other stands for samples. We demonstrated that community detection is independent of taxonomical level. Moreover, focusing on higher taxonomical levels and the appropriate merging of samples greatly helps improving graph organization and makes our presentations clearer than other graph and network visualizations. Capturing labels in the vertices also brings the possibility of clearly comparing two or more microbial communities by showing their common and unique parts.
La evolución de la familia en la ficción televisiva española
Authors: Lacalle Zalduendo Charo , Hidalgo-Marí Tatiana
Published: May 2016

El presente trabajo analiza la evolución de la familia en las ficciones de la televisión española, con especial atención a la representación del papel y el rol que ocupan las mujeres. Metodología. El análisis se ha realizado sobre los 709 personajes que han participado, con diferentes grados de protagonismo, en la ficción de estreno emitida a lo largo de 2013 y 2014 por las cadenas estatales y autonómicas: series, seriales, miniseries, TVmovies y tiras cómicas. Conclusiones y discusión. El estudio evidencia que la representación de las familias en la ficción se sigue llevando a cabo, en muchos casos, desde el prisma de la  familia tradicional, aunque se incorporan cada vez más roles más innovadores más fieles a la realidad social que sustenta dichas ficciones televisivas.
Об универсальной теории свободной полинильпотентной группы
Authors: Timoshenko Evgenii Iosifovich
Published: May 2016

Доказано, что свободная группа ранга $\geqslant2$ любого полинильпотентного многообразия
$\mathfrak N_{c_1}\mathfrak N_{c_2}…\mathfrak N_{c_s}$, $s\geqslant2$, $c_i\geqslant1$, $c_s\geqslant2$, имеет неразрешимую универсальную теорию.
Библиография: 18 наименований.
Квази-гриди свойство подсистем многомерной системы Хаара
Authors: Gogyan Smbat L
Published: May 2016

Описаны все множества двоичных кубов $\Delta=\{\Delta_k\}$, для которых подсистема многомерной системы Хаара $\{h_i\colon\operatorname{supp}({h_i})\in\Delta\}$ является квази-гриди системой в $L_1(0,1)^d$. Доказывается, что для этих подсистем жадный алгоритм сходится с хорошей скоростью.
Библиография: 8 наименований.
Определитель матрицы напряжений и восстановимость шарнирных конструкций по внутренним напряжениям
Authors: Kovalev Mikhail Dmitrievich
Published: May 2016

Рассматриваются статико-геометрические свойства плоских шарнирно-рычажных конструкций, часть шарниров которых закреплена. Обнаружен ряд свойств определителя матрицы напряжений для таких конструкций. В частности, установлено необходимое и достаточное условие неприводимости этого определителя как многочлена. С использованием свойства неприводимости доказано существование несократимых полностью напряженных конструкций с неколлинеарными закрепленными шарнирами для двух бесконечных
последовательностей структурных схем. Приведен пример конструкции, для которой можно восстановить положения всех свободных шарниров, зная ее пространство внутренних напряжений и положения закрепленных шарниров. Однако это нельзя сделать зная не все пространство внутренних напряжений, а лишь какое-либо одно произвольное напряжение.
Библиография: 12 наименований.
Периодические решения типа бегущих волн в кольцевых генных сетях
Authors: Kolesov Andrei Yurevich , Rozov Nikolai Khristovich , Sadovnichii Victor Antonovich
Published: May 2016

Рассматриваются кольцевые цепочки однонаправленно связанных обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений, являющиеся математическими моделями искусственных генных сетей. Исследуются вопросы о существовании и устойчивости в этих цепочках специальных периодических решений - так называемых бегущих волн.
Устанавливается, что с ростом количества звеньев цепочки число таких периодических решений неограниченно растет. Однако устойчиво среди них не более одной бегущей волны. Способ выбора устойчивого цикла указывается явным образом.
Библиография: 17 наименований.
Трехмерные изолированные факторособенности в нечетной характеристике
Authors: Stepanov Dmitry Anatolevich
Published: May 2016

Пусть конечная группа $G$ линейно действует на конечномерном векторном пространстве $V$ над алгебраически замкнутым полем $k$ характеристики $p>2$. Предположим, что факторпространство $V/G$ имеет лишь изолированную особенность. В случае, когда $p$ не делит порядок группы $G$, изолированные особенности вида $V/G$ полностью классифицированы и их классификация сводится к классификации
Винсента изолированных факторособенностей над $\mathbb C$. В статье мы показываем, что если $\dim V=3$, то также и в модулярном случае, когда $p$ делит $|G|$, классификация изолированных факторособенностей сводится к классификации Винсента. Мы приводим также некоторые частные результаты о факторособенностях в других размерностях и в четной характеристике.
Библиография: 14 названий.
Roman viticulture analysis based on latin agronomists and the application of a geographic information system in lower Guadalquivir
Authors: Trapero Fernandez Pedro
Published: May 2016

The advancement in the historical research of business activities, such as ancient agriculture and specifically Roman viticulture, requires the knowledge of the productive sites. This research will propose a way to interconnect the information contained in Latin agronomic tradition, in order to choose the placement of a production unit, using a geographical information system (GIS). The Latin agronomist information, together with current agricultural knowledge, may lead to a set of measurable, georeferencing criteria for future prospecting, such as land orientation to the winds and insolation, the soil types and the slope. Also, the proximity to terrestrial, fluvial and maritime communication routes, as well as cities and water supply will be assessed. This methodology is applied in the territory of the lower Guadalquivir (southwest Spain) achieving measurable criteria on a georeferenced map, being able to classify the data and create cartography that shows the best places for future archaeological prospecting.
The Biographical Network Method
Authors: Armitage Neil
Published: May 2016

This article introduces a network visualization method that enables a thorough analysis of the link between life history and social networks. Network visualizations are generally static, and as such they tend to disguise rather than uncover change and continuity within networks, and the influence that certain events may have on someone's sociability. The Biographical Network (BN) is a mixed method approach combining life story interviews with formal SNA that attempts to overcome the consequences of this lack of dynamism in network visualizations. In the first part of the article the underpinnings of the BN design and the logistics of the method are outlined in relation to a doctoral study on cultural cosmopolitanism. In the second part findings from applying the BN method with 28 young British and Spanish adults living in Madrid and Manchester are used to demonstrate its utility and its limitations for sociological analysis.
Combining Egocentric Network Maps and Narratives: An Applied Analysis of Qualitative Network Map Interviews
Authors: Altissimo Alice
Published: May 2016

This paper reveals the potential which lies in combining the qualitative analysis of egocentric network maps with the corresponding narratives collected simultaneously during an interview. It presents a method of analysis which has been validated in research on the lifeworlds of international students in order to elucidate their perspective on social support in their everyday lives. It is a method of analysis which can be applied in various other research fields and to answer various research questions when it comes to exploring meanings, feelings, relationships, attractions, and dependencies. The method is interviewee-centred and the approach is holistic, leading to comprehensive insights. Using examples of original research data, this paper first illustrates the data collection and then the data analysis procedure in the following three steps: analysis of the map, analysis of the narrative, and combination of the analyses.
Ontological Security and Private Car Use in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Kent Jennifer
Published: May 2016

Successful promotion of alternative transport modes needs to be underpinned by better understandings of a seemingly cemented collective preference for private car use. This paper contributes to these understandings and proposes that automobility's dominance can be explained by a series of benefits intimately linked to the car. These benefits extend beyond those associated with utilitarian factors such as saving time. The concept of ontological security is used to propose that attachments to the private car are underpinned by an innate desire for predictability, autonomy and acceptance in modern lives increasingly characterised by insecurity. Empirical evidence on the journey to work in Australia's largest city, Sydney, is applied to examine the way mobility is practised and inform the paper's central proposition.
The Visual Sociogram in Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Research
Authors: Tubaro Paola , Ryan Louise , D'angelo Alessio
Published: May 2016

The paper investigates the place of visual tools in mixed-methods research on social networks, arguing that they can not only improve the communicability of results, but also support research at the data gathering and analysis stages. Three examples from the authors’ own research experience illustrate how sociograms can be integrated in multiple ways with other analytical tools, both quantitative and qualitative, positioning visualization at the intersection of varied methods and channelling substantive ideas as well as network insight in a coherent way. Visualization also facilitates the participation of a broad range of stakeholders, including among others, study participants and non-specialist researchers. It can support the capacity of qualitative and mixed-methods research to reach out to areas of the social that are difficult to circumscribe, such as hidden populations and informal organisations. On this basis, visualization appears as a unique opportunity for mixing methods in the study of social networks, emphasizing both structure and process at the same time.
Socioeconomic Status Differences in Negative Emotions
Authors: Jakoby Nina
Published: May 2016

The frequency of the experience of particular emotions can be considered a measure of subjective well-being and therefore an indicator of the quality of life in the overall population. Key approaches to the sociology of emotions provide the theoretical background to this study. On the basis of Swiss Household Panel (SHP) data for the years 2005-2011, a random effects regression assessed relationships between the frequency of negative emotions (desperation, anxiety and depression) and the parameters of individual socioeconomic status. The results suggest that negative emotions are experienced differently along status- and resource-based predictors such as education, income and occupational status. These associations persist when controlling for key variables of mental health and stress research such as critical life events, chronic stressors and social resources.
Shame on You: The Role of Shame, Disgust and Humiliation in Media Representations of ‘Gender-Fraud’ Cases
Authors: Moore Allison
Published: May 2016

In September 2015, Gayle Newland became the fourth person to be convicted of ‘gender-fraud’ since 2012 in the UK. This article offers a critical analysis of the media representation of these four cases and considers the extent to which the defendants are subjected to shaming and humiliation processes and presented as objects of disgust. The significance of media representation of legal cases is that it provides an insight into the ways in which legal discourses are interpreted, reinterpreted and often over simplified by those outside the legal profession. It highlights how legal discourses sit within a network of wider discourses and, therefore, illustrates the intertextuality of the law. Cheung (2014 : 301) has suggested that, whilst the role of shame punishments in the criminal justice system has been subject to considerable academic scrutiny, ‘social policing by shaming transgressions via the internet’ has been under researched. This article will demonstrate that online news stories and the readers’ comments that accompany them are important 21st century tools in the shaming and humiliation of those who have transgressed socially constructed gender norms.
The effects of in ovo feeding of glutamine in broiler breeder eggs on hatchability, development of the gastrointestinal tract, growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens
Authors: Salmanzadeh Mehdi , Ebrahimnezhad Yahya , Aghdam Shahryar Habib , Ghiasi Ghaleh-Kandi Jamshid
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of in ovo feeding (IOF) of glutamine on hatchability, development of the gastrointestinal tract, growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Fertilized eggs were subjected to injections with glutamine (Gln) (10, 20, 30, 40 or 50 mg dissolved in 0.5 mL of dionized water) on day 7 of incubation. Hatchability, growth performance, carcass characteristics (carcass weight and relative weights of breast, thigh, heart, liver, gizzard, abdominal fat, intestine, pancreas and spleen) and jejunal morphometry (measurement of villus height and width and crypt depth) were determined during the experiment. The weight of newly hatched chickens was significantly greater in groups with Gln injection than in control and sham groups. But IOF caused lower hatchability than in the control group (non-injected eggs) (p < 0.05). Chickens from IOF of Gln showed better weight gain and feed conversion ratio (0–42 days of age), when compared to chickens hatched from control and sham groups. The IOF of Gln significantly increased villus height, villus width and crypt depth at hatch period and villus height at 42 days of age. In addition, carcass weights and relative weights of breast, thigh and gizzard were also markedly increased in chickens treated in ovo with Gln; whereas heart, liver, abdominal fat, intestine, pancreas and spleen were not significantly altered at the end of the experimental period. These data suggest that the IOF of Gln may improve jejunum development, leading to an increased nutrient assimilation and consequently to greater performance in broiler chickens.
New Particle Formation in the South Aegean Sea during the Etesians: importance for CCN production and cloud droplet number
Authors: Kalkavouras P. , Bossioli E. , Bezantakos S. , Bougiatioti A. , Kalivitis N. , Stavroulas I. , Kouvarakis G. , Protonotariou A. P. , Dandou A. , Biskos G. , Mihalopoulos N. , Nenes A. , Tombrou M.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. We examine the concentration levels and size distribution of submicron aerosol particles along with the concentration of trace gases and meteorological variables over the central (Santorini) and south Aegean Sea (Crete) from 15 to 28 July 2013, a period that includes Etesian events and moderate northern winds. Particle nucleation bursts were recorded during the Etesian flow at both stations, with those observed at Santorini reaching up to 1.5 × 104 particles cm−3. On Crete (at Finokalia station), the fraction of nucleation-mode particles was diminished, but a higher number of Aitken-mode was observed as a result of the downward mixing and photochemistry. Aerosol and photochemical pollutants covaried throughout the measurement period: lower concentrations were observed during the period of strong Etesian flow (e.g. 43–70 ppbv for ozone, 1.5–5.7 μg m−3 for sulfate), but were substantially enhanced during the period of moderate winds (i.e., increase of up to 32 % for ozone, and 140 % for sulfate). To understand how new particle formation (NPF) affects cloud formation, we quantify its impact on the CCN levels and cloud droplet number concentration. We find that NPF can double CCN number (at 0.1 % supersaturation) but the resulting strong competition for water vapor in cloudy updrafts decreases maximum supersaturation by 14 % and augments the potential droplet number only by 12 %. Therefore, although NPF events may strongly elevate CCN numbers, the relative impacts on cloud droplet number (compared to pre-event levels) is eventually limited by water vapor availability and depends on the prevailing cloud formation dynamics and the aerosol levels associated with the background in the region.
Temperature-dependent diffusion coefficient of H2SO4 in air: laboratory measurements using laminar flow technique
Authors: Brus David , Skrabalova Lenka , Herrmann Erik , Olenius Tinja , Travnickova Tereza , Merikanto Joonas
Published: May 2016

Abstract. We report measurements of the diffusion coefficient of sulfuric acid in humidified air at a range of relative humidities (from ~4 to 70 %), temperatures (278, 288 and 298 K) and initial H2SO4 concentration (from 1 × 10e6 to 1 × 10e8 molec. cm−3). The diffusion coefficients were estimated from the sulfuric acid wall loss rate coefficients under laminar flow conditions. The flow conditions were verified with additional fluid dynamics model CFD-FLUENT simulations which also reproduced the loss rate coefficients very well at all three temperatures with the maximum difference of 7 % between the measured and simulated values. The concentration of H2SO4 was measured continuously with chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) at seven different positions along the flow tube. The wall losses of H2SO4 were determined from the slopes of fits to measured H2SO4 concentrations as a function of the position along the flow tube. The observed wall loss rate coefficients, and hence the diffusion coefficients, were independent of different initial H2SO4 concentrations and different total flow rates. However, the determined diffusion coefficients decreased with increasing relative humidity, as also seen in previous experiments, and had a rather strong power dependence of the diffusion coefficient with respect to temperature, around ∝T5.4, which is in disagreement with the expected temperature dependency of ~T1.75 observed for other gases and not tested before for sulfuric acid. The effect of relative humidity on the diffusion coefficient is likely due to stronger hydration of H2SO4 molecules and likely also due to the presence of trace impurities such as amines, possibly brought to the system by humidification. Clustering kinetics simulations using quantum chemical data suggest that also the strong temperature dependence of the observed diffusion coefficient might be explained by increased diffusion volume of H2SO4 molecules due to stronger clustering with base-impurities like amines.
A Wavelength Dispersive Instrument for Characterizing Fluorescence and Scattering Spectra of Individual Aerosol Particles on a Substrate
Authors: Huffman Donald R. , Swanson Benjamin E. , Huffman J. Alex
Published: May 2016

Abstract. We describe a novel, low-cost instrument to acquire both elastic and inelastic (fluorescent) scattering spectra from individual micron-size particles in a multi-particle collection on a microscope slide. The principle of the device is based on a slitless spectroscope often employed in astronomy to determine the spectra of individual stars in a star cluster, but that had not been applied to atmospheric particles. Under excitation, most commonly by either a 405 nm diode laser or a UV light emitting diode (LED), fluorescent emission spectra of many individual particles can be determined simultaneously. The instrument can also acquire elastic scattering spectra from particles illuminated by a white light source. Advantages and disadvantages of using black-and-white cameras compared to color cameras are given. The primary motivation for this work has been to develop an inexpensive technique to characterize fluorescent biological aerosol particles. An example of an iPhone-enabled device is also shown as a means for collecting data on biological aerosols at lower cost or utilizing citizen scientists for expanded data collection.
Diatoms as paleoproductivity proxy in the NW Iberian coastal upwelling system (NE Atlantic)
Authors: Zúñiga Diana , Santos Celia , Froján María , Salgueiro Emilia , Rufino Marta M. , De la Granda Francisco , Figueiras Francisco G. , Castro Carmen G. , Abrantes Fátima
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The objective of the current work is to better understand how diatoms species determine primary production signal in exported and buried particles. We evaluated how the diatom’s abundance and assemblage composition is transferred from the photic zone into the seafloor sediments. A combined analysis of water column, sediment trap and surface sediment samples recovered in the NW Iberian coastal upwelling system was used. Diatom fluxes (2.2 ± 5.6 106 # valves m−2 d−1) represented the majority of the siliceous microorganisms sinking out from the photic zone and showed strong seasonal variability. During downwelling seasons, diatoms export signal was strongly affected by resuspension of bottom sediments and intense Minho and Douro riverine inputs, with benthic and freshwater diatoms (17–24 %) becoming relevant in the sediment trap assemblage. Nevertheless, during upwelling productive seasons, the diatoms exported out from surface layer reflected water column diatom assemblage. They were principally represented by Chaetoceros spp. (mean 46 ± 25 %) and Leptocylindrus spp. (mean 20 ± 22 %) resting spores, demonstrating that both groups are a good sedimentary imprint during highly productive periods. Moreover, our data showed that the sink of Chaetoceros spp. resting spores dominated under persistent upwelling winds, high irradiance levels and cold and nutrient-rich waters. Otherwise, Leptocylindrus spp. spore fluxes were favoured when northerly winds relax, and surface waters warming promotes water column stratification. Further, this finding will provide a proxy of persistent vs. intermittent upwelling conditions, which is of particular relevance in palaeoceanography.
Land use change associated with urbanization modifies soil nitrogen cycling and increases N2O emissions
Authors: van Delden Lona , Rowlings David W. , Scheer Clemens , Grace Peter R.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Urbanization is becoming increasingly important in terms of climate change and ecosystem functionality worldwide. We are only beginning to understand how the processes of urbanization influence ecosystem dynamics, making peri-urban environments more vulnerable to nutrient losses. Brisbane in South East Queensland has the most extensive urban sprawl of all Australian cities. This research estimates the environmental impact of land use change associated with urbanisation by examining soil nitrogen (N) turnover and subsequent nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions with a fully automated system that measured emissions on a sub-daily basis. There was no significant difference in soil N2O emissions between a native dry sclerophyll eucalypt forest and an extensively grazed pasture, wherefrom only low annual emissions were observed amounting to 0.1 and. 0.2 kg N2O ha−1 y−1, respectively. The establishment of a fertilised turf grass lawn increased soil N2O emissions by 18 fold (1.8 kg N2O ha−1 y−1) with highest emission occurring in the first 2 month after establishment. Once established, the turf grass lawn presented relatively low N2O emissions after fertilization and rain events for the rest of the year. Soil moisture was significantly higher and mineralised N accumulated in fallow land, resulting in highest N2O emissions (2.8 kg N2O ha−1 y−1) and significant nitrate (NO3−) losses of up to 63 kg N ha−1 from a single rain event due to plant cover removal. The study concludes that urbanization processes into peri-urban ecosystems can greatly modify N cycling and increase the potential for losses in form of N2O and NO3−.
Quantification and analysis of geomorphic processes on a recultivated iron ore mine on the Italian island of Elba using long-term ground-based lidar and photogrammetric SfM data by a UAV
Authors: Haas Florian , Hilger Ludwig , Neugirg Fabian , Umstädter Kathrin , Breitung Christian , Fischer Peter , Hilger Paula , Heckmann Tobias , Dusik Jana , Kaiser Andreas , Schmidt Jürgen , Della Seta Marta , Rosenkranz Ruben , Becht Michael
Published: May 2016

Abstract. This study focuses on the quantification and analysis of geomorphic processes on the barely vegetated slopes of a recultivated iron ore mine on the Italian island of Elba using photographs from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and digital photogrammetry by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) over a period of 5 1/2 years. Beside this, the study tried to work out the potential and the limitations of both methods to detect surface changes by geomorphic process dynamics within a natural environment. Both UAV and TLS show the pattern of the erosion and accumulation processes on the investigated slope quite well, but the calculated amounts differ clearly between the methods. The reasons for these differences could be found in the different accuracies (variable level of detections) of the methods and the different viewing geometries. Both effects have an impact on the detectable process dynamics over different timescales on the slope and their calculated amounts, which in both cases can lead to an underestimation of erosion and accumulation by fluvial processes.
Development and testing of a community flood resilience measurement tool
Authors: Keating Adriana , Campbell Karen , Szoenyi Michael , McQuistan Colin , Nash David , Burer Meinrad
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Given the increased attention on resilience-strengthening in international humanitarian and development work, there is a growing need to invest in its measurement and the overall accountability of "resilience strengthening" initiatives. We present a framework and tool for measuring community level resilience to flooding, built around the five capitals (5Cs) of the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework. At the time of writing the tool is being tested in 75 communities across 10 countries. Currently 88 potential sources of resilience are measured at the baseline (initial state) and endline (final state) approximately two years later. If a flood occurs in the community during the study period, resilience outcome measures are recorded. By comparing pre-flood characteristics to post flood outcomes, we aim to empirically verify sources of resilience, something which has never been done in this field. There is an urgent need for the continued development of theoretically anchored, empirically verified and practically applicable disaster resilience measurement frameworks and tools so that the field may: a) deepen understanding of the key components of "disaster resilience" in order to better target resilience enhancing initiatives, and b) enhance our ability to benchmark and measure disaster resilience over time, and compare how resilience changes as a result of different capacities, actions and hazards.
Characterizing Arctic sea ice topography using high-resolution IceBridge data
Authors: Petty Alek A. , Tsamados Michel C. , Kurtz Nathan T. , Farrell Sinead L. , Newman Thomas , Harbeck Jeremy P. , Feltham Daniel L. , Richter-Menge Jackie A.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. We present an analysis of Arctic sea ice topography using high-resolution, three-dimensional surface elevation data from the Airborne Topographic Mapper, flown as part of NASA's Operation IceBridge mission. Surface features in the sea ice cover are detected using a newly developed surface feature picking algorithm. We derive information regarding the height, volume and geometry of surface features from 2009 to 2014 within the Beaufort/Chukchi and Central Arctic regions. The results are delineated by ice type to estimate the topographic variability across first-year and multi-year ice regimes. The results demonstrate that Arctic sea ice topography exhibits significant spatial variability, mainly driven by the increased surface feature height and volume (per unit area) of the multi-year ice that dominates the Central Arctic region. The multi-year ice topography exhibits greater interannual variability compared to the first-year ice regimes, which dominates the total ice topography variability across both regions. The ice topography also shows a clear coastal dependency, with the feature height and volume increasing as a function of proximity to the nearest coastline, especially north of Greenland and the Canadian Archipelago. A strong correlation between ice topography and ice thickness (from the IceBridge sea ice product) is found, using a square-root relationship. The results allude to the importance of ice deformation variability in the total sea ice mass balance, and provide crucial information regarding the tail of the ice thickness distribution across the western Arctic. Future research priorities associated with this new data set are presented and discussed, especially in relation to calculations of atmospheric form drag.
SISTEMA DE MEDIÇÃO INDIVIDUALIZADA DE ÁGUA: ESTUDO DE CASO DE EDIFÍCIO COMERCIAL EM SÃO PAULO
Authors: Cattapreta Lima Bárbara , Keiko Yamaguchi Juliana , Livia Kussaba Lika , Ferreira Armando Traini
Published: May 2016

RESUMO: Este artigo utiliza para seu desenvolvimento dados reais coletados da observação de um Sistema de Medição Individualizada (SMI) de água de um edifício comercial situado em São Paulo – SP e, apresenta como objetivos um estudo da redução de consumo resultante da instalação do SMI e um levantamento a respeito das vantagens e desvantagens da sua utilização em edifícios. O SMI consiste na instalação de um medidor em cada unidade habitacional a fim de contabilizar individualmente o consumo de água, energia, gás e outros insumos ou serviços, salvo a porção utilizada nas áreas comuns do edifício, que continua sendo rateada entre os condôminos. Dessa maneira, permite uma cobrança mais justa e o surgimento de um pensamento voltado para um uso mais racional e, consequentemente mais sustentável, induzido pelo maior controle dos gastos, por parte dos consumidores, referente ao item medido. Os resultados obtidos no estudo de caso apontaram para um uso mais racional, proveniente da melhor gestão de consumo de água, possibilitada pela instalação do SMI. Como principal contribuição, este artigo apresenta um panorama geral e simples do SMI de água, atentando para as principais vantagens de sua instalação em ambientes comerciais.

ABSTRACT: This article uses for its development actual data collected from the observation of a Water Individualized Measurement System (W-IMS) of a commercial building located in São Paulo - SP, and aims at achieving a system performance study and also a survey of the main advantages and disadvantages of using an W-IMS in buildings. The SMI consists of installing a meter on each housing unit to enable the individual metering of water, energy, gas and other supplies or services consumption, except the portion used in the common areas of the building, which remains divided among all building residents. The W-IMS allows a fairer charging for water consumption, and encourages the emergence of a more sustainable thinking, focused to a water rational use, induced by the consumer’s spending control. The results of the case study point to a more rational use of water from its better consumption management, made possible by the IMS facilities. Finally, the main contribution of this paper is to present an simplified overview about W-IMS, paying attention on its design details and the advantages of its installation in commercial built-up environments.