bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis for Extracted Features of Pupil Light Reflex to Chromatic Stimuli in Alzheimer’s Patients
Authors: Nowak Wioletta , Nakayama Minoru , Kręcicki Tomasz , Trypka Elzbieta , Andrzejak Artur , Hachoł Andrzej
Published: November 2019

INTRODUCTION: Some Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients respond to chromatic light stimulus, which may influence intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), due to factors common to both AD and Age-Related Macular Disease (AMD).OBJECTIVES: In this study, short light pulses of three colours were introduced to a novel diagnostic procesure for AD patients such as classification techniques using waveform features of pupil light reflexs (PLRs), and their prediction performances were evaluated.METHOD: PLRs to 1s pulses of red, blue and white stimuli shown at high and low photopic levels followed by a 7s restoration process were recorded after the stimuli were shown to 7 AD patients and 12 non-AD participants (aged 42-89). Features of waveform shapes of PLRs in 5 dimensions and 15 features of PLRs were extracted.RESULTS: In a classification analysis, most non-AD participants were correctly identified using the same level of performance we reported when PLRs for red and blue stimuli were used to measure the performance of AD patients. There were significant differences in some of the features of PLRs extracted from the two groups (AD and non-AD participants), particularly with the features for blue light stimuli in high brightness, which produced significant reactions in AD patients. The classification performance of using 15 features of the response to blue light stimuli was the highest among responses for all three colours, and was higher than the performance using the procedure in the previous study. Also, a few of the features extracted using the three colours of stimuli changed significantly across age ranges (70 and under, 71-80, and over 80), so these may indicate factors related to ageing.CONCLUSION: These results confirm that some specific features of PLRs, in particular the response to blue light, can indicate the existence of AD in patients. Also, a few of the features may reveal factors related to ageing during evaluations which use PLRs. This evidence may help in the better understanding of features of PLRs.
On a Property of Harmonic Measure on Simply Connected Domains
Authors: Karafyllia Christina
Published: November 2019

Let $D\subset \mathbb{C}$ be a domain with $0\in D$. For $R>0$, let $\widehat{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}}_{D}(R)$ denote the harmonic measure of $D\cap \{|z|=R\}$ at $0$ with respect to the domain $D\cap \{|z|<R\}$ and let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{D}(R)$ denote the harmonic measure of $\unicode[STIX]{x2202}D\cap \{|z|\geqslant R\}$ at $0$ with respect to $D$. The behavior of the functions $\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{D}$ and $\widehat{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}}_{D}$ near $\infty$ determines (in some sense) how large $D$ is. However, it is not known whether the functions $\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{D}$ and $\widehat{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}}_{D}$ always have the same behavior when $R$ tends to $\infty$. Obviously, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{D}(R)\leqslant \widehat{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}}_{D}(R)$ for every $R>0$. Thus, the arising question, first posed by Betsakos, is the following: Does there exist a positive constant $C$ such that for all simply connected domains $D$ with $0\in D$ and all $R>0$, $$\begin{eqnarray}\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{D}(R)\geqslant C\widehat{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}}_{D}(R)?\end{eqnarray}$$ In general, we prove that the answer is negative by means of two different counter-examples. However, under additional assumptions involving the geometry of $D$, we prove that the answer is positive. We also find the value of the optimal constant for starlike domains.
Prevalência de Acidentes em Unidade Psiquiátrica
Authors: Nylander Bertho Vinícius Rocha , Miranda Andréa Dantas , Rodrigues Max Rafael Almeida , Lopes Yan Tavares Bandeira , Peixoto Osvaldo da Silva
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência dos acidentes de trabalho em profissionais de saúde mental em um Hospital de referência em Belém do Pará no período de 2008-2018. Método: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e de corte transversal da violência contra os profissionais de saúde mental, que trabalhem na Fundação Hospital de Clínicas Gaspar Vianna através da coleta das fichas de notificações de acidentes registrado pelo Serviço Especializado em Engenharia de Segurança e em Medicina do Trabalho. Resultados: Houve um total de 147 acidentes notificados no período de 2008-2018, sendo demonstrado pelo Qui-Quadrado significância estatística, em comparação com cada ano, com relação ao turno do dia e o cargo do profissional, mas não demonstrou significância com relação ao gênero. Conclusão: Observa-se que os técnicos de enfermagem são o grupo que apresenta maior índice de notificações de acidente, assim como há uma maior prevalência pelo turno da manhã, sendo necessário aprimoramento e auxilio, como técnicas de autodefesa para auxiliar diminuir esse índice de acidentes, além de comparar com outros centro de referência psiquiátrico para averiguar se eles apresentam maior notificações do gênero feminino, pois na pesquisa o resultado não foi significativo.
Promoting health and well-being of entrepreneurs with health technology
Authors: Raitoharju Reetta , Heikkinen Katja
Published: November 2019

In Finland the number of entrepreneurs over 55 years old has increased from 60000 to 100000 between 2000-2010. The growth has continued since and now, there are 113000 entrepreneurs in Finland who have reached the age of 55. Most of the companies in Finland are micro or SSM´s and the responsibility of entrepreneurs´health and wellbeing is ofthen on the shoulders of the entrepreneurs themselves. Supporting this group by giving them means more effectively to take action in preventiong work- and age-related injuries and problems can help in proonging careers.Entrefox is a project funded by European Social Fund and it aims at promoting health and wellbeing of entrepreneurs and future entrepreneurs over the age of 55 espicially following the principles of active ageing and lifelong learning. Three groups of 10 entrepreneurs will be organized to crate their own wellbeing pland and to give them meand to follow the progress of their own plan. Health technology will be used to help observing and motivating the process. Futrhermore, students from different fields (physiotherapy, engineering, health promoting) will be included to support the entrepreneurs.
Welcome in my backyard: how having good neighbours can help ending homelessness
Authors: Davelaar Maarten , Van Doorn Lia , Gruppen Aly , Knevel Jeroen
Published: November 2019

In the Netherlands, the city of Utrecht is leading in providing adequate accommodation through mixed housing projects for ‘regular’ tenants and people previously living in homeless services or protected housing facilities. ‘New’ homeless persons also obtain the possibility for making a new start, instead of having to depend on shelters first. The concept of mixed housing, not to be confused with mixed income housing, relates in our definition to small and medium-sized (up to 500 residents) housing projects that are home to different groups of people who intentionally live next to each other, connect and engage in joint activities.In this paper, we examine three projects, with mainly self-contained dwellings: ‘Groene Sticht’ (since 2003), a small neighbourhood with 69 regular tenants and home-owners, and 35 ex-homeless persons; ‘Parana’ (2014), a purpose build complex with 24 regular and 44 (ex-)homeless individuals/families; ‘Majella Wonen’ (2016), older basic, post-war dwellings with 39 regular tenants and 35 homeless persons/families. These price-winning projects, co-created by a homeless service, social integration services and a social housing provider are built on an innovative concept of social management, with a high level of self-organisation. All residents are fully eligible members of the residents-committees and take responsibility for activities such as festivities, gardening, and the selection of new tenants. If necessary, ex-homeless inhabitants receive individualised support.We discuss structures and mechanisms that help homeless people feel at home amidst their (new) neighbours and foster their social integration. In addition, we identify several tensions that hamper integration and analyse the ways in which both residents and professionals try to tackle these obstacles.We collected data (2016 -2018) through the participatory meetings of a Community of Practice on Mixed housing, the study of documents, in-depth interviews with inhabitants of the housing complexes, focus group-sessions with professionals and interviews with local stakeholders.Based on this research we will apply for follow up funding. Through national funds and/or European funds.
Monitoring and evaluation of thermal comfort in urban areas: application to Valencia city
Authors: Alfonso-Solar David , Bastida-Molina Paula , Montuori Lina , Vargas-Salgado Carlos
Published: November 2019

In this paper, it is presented preliminary results of a methodology for thermal comfort monitoring and evaluation in urban areas based on local metering of ambient conditions and Rayman model application. In the framework of GROWGREEN European project it was installed six monitoring stations for data acquisition of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation and black globe temperature. Data of first 5 months of monitoring and modelling of one location with Rayman model to calculate  PET (physiological equivalent temperature) is presented. Based on PET it was calculated the percentage of hours with thermal comfort per month, and it was made a comparison between PET and black globe temperature (GT) in order to evaluate the suitability of GT as a single, low cost and robust indicator of thermal comfort in urban areas.
Fostering innovation at University of Debrecen
Authors: Popovics Peter , Bács Zoltán , Pető Károly , Szakály Zoltán , Jutkusz Lilla
Published: November 2019

The paper seeks to summarize opportunities offered by the University of Debrecen (UD) for the further development of students’ and researchers’ innovative ideas to enter the marketplace, and to identify the essential links of the university’s innovation ecosystem resulting in mutual benefits at local, regional, national and international levels.The  Innovation Ecosystem Center (IEC) is an organizational unit of UD responsible for innovation management and technology transfer that is evolving according to needs. It aims to promote the exploitation of research results and introduction of new technologies and goods into the market.  Fostering entrepreneurial mindset, encouraging cooperation with the private sector and promotion of societal and environmental aspects of innovation  are amongst the IEC activities.In order to fully fulfill its mission of innovation and become recognized by relevant stakeholders, it is essential that UD provides its services in a professional setting that meets the demands of the 21st century and offers opportunities for coworking. The specifically designed incubation centercontributes to the wider (market) exploitation of ideas and thus local economic development based on the cooperation of innovative teams with the actors of private and government sectors, while efficiently addressing environmental-socio-economic challenges.
Measurement of the black globe temperature to estimate the MRT and WBGT indices using a smaller diameter globe than a standardized one: Experimental analysis
Authors: Vargas-Salgado Carlos , Chiñas-Palacios Cristian , Aguila-León Jesús , Alfonso-Solar David
Published: November 2019

Heat stress can affect negatively human performance, behavior and even health, therefore, mean radiant temperature (MRT) and wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) measurement and monitoring should be obtained for any environment in which people are constantly exposed. The aim of this work is to compare the globe thermometer temperature (tg), used for calculating both MTR and   WBGT, using a smaller globe compared to a standardized diameter. For such purpose, a prototype has been designed. The device consists of an Arduino MEGA board, three temperature sensors, two black globes (Copper globe, matt black painted) and an anemometer. As an effort to use a device with a globe easier to handle in a real measuring device, a 9 cm diameter globe has been used which has a smaller diameter than a standardized one (15 cm); the third temperature sensor is used to measure the air temperature. MRT monitoring tests were carried out using the proposed prototype,  collected data were compared between the smaller and the standardized diameter globes measurements according to UNE EN ISO 7723 and NTP 322 recommendations. Results of this work show that it is possible to use a smaller diameter globe in a heat stress monitor, with an acceptable margin of error compared to a standardized size globe.
UNI-HERITAGE. European Postwar Universities Heritage: A Network for Open Regeneration
Authors: Domingo Calabuig Débora , Lizondo Sevilla Laura
Published: November 2019

This research project aims at the regeneration of European universities created in the 60s and 70s through a systematic, circular, open and integrated process of their cultural heritage. At present, these campuses represent both a tangible and intangible heritage (architecture, urban planning, landscape… but also pedagogy, specialization areas, educational policies) whose adaptation to contemporaneity involves issues related to environmental sustainability, to the institution organizational capacities, and to its social implication. Specifically, this proposal aims at lines of action that would offer strategies such as the renewal of infrastructures and services and the adaptive reuse of the built heritage (space recycling, sustainability), the updating of the physical teaching spaces to the new teaching methodologies (European Higher Education Area), and the campus social consideration as a comfortable, conflict-safe and cultural-integrated area. Beyond the simple conservation, restoration and physical rehabilitation of a set of buildings and a university fabric, this project has the added value of an integrated or interdisciplinary action model that seeks four aspects of innovation: the organizational, the formative, the technological and social. This research proposes to ensure a longer life cycle for the heritage through its participation as a resource in the dynamics of regeneration of the universities.
New approach for resource allocation in digital healthcare 4.0
Authors: Budai Istvan , Kocsi Balázs , Pusztai László
Published: November 2019

The examination and automation opportunities in healthcare processes, which aims at reducing patient journey and their waiting time, while increasing the utilization of medical equipment as well as monitoring patients. Waiting times are playing a significant role in the total process time of patient care. One of the main reasons is the insufficient resource allocation. This research presents a methodological improvement which supports decision making in digital health processes. The current research provides a methodology that makes weekly human resource scheduling more efficient than before. With the combination of process mining and operations research, we developed a weighted forecast for the probable number of patients. During the research we processed historical data as well as we identified the bottlenecks in the examined health process. Furthermore, we took the causality into account. In today’s fast-paced societies, IT-based solutions are more and more frequently used in healthcare, with the aim of reducing risks and increase patient satisfaction. The method created by us offers a fast, precise and efficient solution to decision making in digital health processes.
How to introduce the research in the university teaching: a training experience in the Universitat Politècnica de València [Teacher Hub]
Authors: Benlloch-Dualde José V. , Oliver Villarroya Javier , García Carbonell Amparo , Fernández March Amparo , García Félix Eloina , Bonet Espinosa Pilar
Published: November 2019

In this work we present the project of initiation to the Educational Research-Action (INED), within the pedagogical training program for university teachers organized by the Institute of Education Sciences (ICE), of the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV). This project responds to a need for a group of teachers that starts with a professional background and requires training to advance the process of professionalization of teaching, aligned with the concept of scholarship and the movement generated around it. The proposal is formulated as an action research to promote the improvement of teacher training models in higher education. Therefore, it involves a methodology close to the learning communities, so that both the design and implementation involve professors from the university with a background in educational research (6 mentors), pedagogical advisors and experts in different subject areas related to research in higher education. In this first edition of INED, 25 professors participate and have been selected according to criteria of teaching experience, participation in educational innovation projects and pedagogical training received in different formats.
"Design for All” in Architectural Heritage conservation: the technology challenge
Authors: Lopez Mateu Vicente , Pellicer Armiñana Teresa
Published: November 2019

Among the United Nations 2030 objectives for the sustainable development, stand out those who seek social, economic and cultural equality of people, within the framework of different human settlements, their cultural heritage and the natural environment. This idea raises the need to establish effective strategies, resources and tools aimed to balance the current conditions in most disadvantaged groups, such as people with disabilities. The situation is complicated because the barriers to integration and inclusivity are diverse, the initiatives, legislation and ways of acting are also very different. Therefore, overcoming the situation requires a broad multidisciplinary approach. On the other hand, Heritage resources can be a valuable mean for permanent and sustainable development, if there is a proper combination of different aspects: design, management and maintenance, continuous improvement and dissemination with inclusive criteria. One of the possibilities to afford that difficult task is to promote in the field of university education different activities such as information exchange, cross-cutting networks, research studies, experimental ICT tools development and adequate dissemination. This proposal is structured in this sense to arouse the interest and participation of teachers, students and researchers in these actions, establishing collaborative projects and work proposals.
The Modern Embroidery Movement
Authors: Fowler Cynthia
Published: November 2019

The reception of research on the social, cultural, and cognitive dimensions of memory in the field of Christian Origins has provoked debates about the significance of these approaches for Synoptic, Johannine, and historical Jesus scholarship. Alan Kirk shows how memory theory forms the basis for a comprehensive account of the formation of the gospel tradition and its history, one capable of displacing the moribund form-critical model and providing a new point of departure for work on a range of classic research problems in the tradition.

The volume brings together 12 essays published between 2001 and 2016. The essays have been newly revised for this volume and organized under the following rubrics: ‘Memory and the Formation of the Jesus Tradition’; ‘Memory and Manuscript’; ‘Memory and Historical Jesus Research’; and ‘Memory in 2nd Century Gospel Writing’. The introductory essay, written for this volume, argues that the old form critical model, in marginalizing memory, abandoned the one factor capable of actually accounting for the origins of the gospel tradition, its manifestation in oral and written media, and its historical trajectory
China’s Porcelain Capital
Authors: Gillette Maris Boyd
Published: November 2019

Maris Gillette’s groundbreaking study tells the story of Jingdezhen, China’s porcelain capital, from its origins in 1004 in Song dynasty China to the present day.

Gillette explores how Jingdezhen has been affected by state involvement in porcelain production, particularly during the long 20th century. She considers how the Chinese government has consumed, invested in, taxed and managed the local ceramics industry, and the effects of this state intervention on ceramists’ lives, their local environment and the nature of the goods they produce. Gillette traces how Jingdezhen experienced the transition from imperial rule to state ownership under communism, the changing fortunes of the ceramics industry in the early 21st century, the decay and decline that accompanied privatisation, and a revival brought about by an entrepreneurial culture focusing on the manufacture of highly-prized ‘art porcelain’.
Alfonso X of Castile-León
Authors: Kennedy Kirstin
Published: November 2019

Alfonso X 'the Learned' of Castile (1252-1284) was praised in his lifetime as a king who devoted himself to discovering all worldly and divine knowledge. He commissioned chronicles and law codes and composed poems to the Virgin Mary, he gathered together Jewish scholars to translate works of Arab astrology and astronomy, and he founded a university of Latin and Arabic studies at Seville. Moreover, according to his nephew Juan Manuel, Alfonso was careful to ensure that 'he had leisure to look into things he wanted for himself'. The level of his personal involvement in this literary activity marks him out as an exceptional patron in any period. However, Alfonso's relationship with the arts also had much in common with that of other thirteenth-century European royal patrons, among them his first cousin, Louis IX of France. Like his contemporaries, he relentlessly used literary works as a vehicle to promote his royal status and advance his claim to the imperial crown. His motivation for the foundation of the university at Seville was arguably political rather than educational, and instead of promoting institutional learning during his reign, Alfonso preferred to direct the messages about his kingship in the lavish manuscripts he patronized to a restricted, courtly audience. Yet such was the interest of the works he commissioned, that those who could obtain copies did so, even if these were still incomplete drafts. Three codices traditionally held to have been copied for Alfonso in fact show how this learning reserved for the few began to filter out beyond the Learned King's immediate circle.
Women Artists and Patrons in the Netherlands, 1500-1700
Authors: Sutton Elizabeth , Cook Nicole , Talon Céline , Difuria Art , Beranek Saskia , Reid Lindsay , Frederick Amy
Published: November 2019

This essay collection features innovative scholarship on women artists and patrons in the Netherlands 1500-1700. Covering painting, printmaking, and patronage, authors highlight the contributions of women art makers in the Netherlands, showing that women were prominent as creators in their own time and deserve to be recognized as such today.
Games and War in Early Modern English Literature
Authors: Nelson Holly Faith , Daems James William , Alker Sharon , Cooper Karol , Currell David , A. Lori , Ellison Katherine , Fang Louise , Galbraith Jeffrey , Lawrence Sean
Published: November 2019

This pioneering collection of nine original essays carves out a new conceptual path in the field by theorizing the ways in which the language of games and warfare inform and illuminate each other in the early modern cultural imagination. They consider how warfare and games are mapped onto each other in aesthetically and ideologically significant ways in the early modern plays, poetry or prose of William Shakespeare, Thomas Morton, John Milton, Margaret Cavendish, Aphra Behn, and Jonathan Swift, among others. Contributors interpret the terms 'war games' or 'games of war' broadly, freeing them to uncover the more complex and abstract interplay of war and games in the early modern mind, taking readers from the cockpits and clowns of Shakespearean drama, through the intriguing manuals of cryptographers and the ingenious literary wargames of Restoration women authors, to the witty but rancorous paper wars of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.
Different strategies to retrieve aerosol properties at night-time with the GRASP algorithm
Authors: Benavent-Oltra Jose Antonio , Román Roberto , Casquero-Vera Juan Andrés , Pérez-Ramírez Daniel , Lyamani Hassan , Ortiz-Amezcua Pablo , Bedoya-Velásquez Andrés Esteban , de Arruda Moreira Gregori , Barreto África , Lopatin Anton , Fuertes David , Herrera Milagros , Torres Benjamin , Dubovik Oleg , Guerrero-Rascado Juan Luis , Goloub Philippe , Olmo-Reyes Francisco Jose , Alados-Arboledas Lucas
Published: November 2019

Abstract. This study evaluates the potential of the GRASP algorithm (Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties) to retrieve continuous
day-to-night aerosol properties, both column-integrated and
vertically resolved. The study is focused on the evaluation of GRASP
retrievals during an intense Saharan dust event that occurred during the
Sierra Nevada Lidar aerOsol Profiling Experiment I (SLOPE I) field campaign. For daytime aerosol retrievals, we combined the measurements of the ground-based lidar from EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network) station and sun–sky photometer from AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network), both instruments co-located in Granada (Spain). However, for night-time retrievals three different combinations of active and passive remote-sensing measurements are proposed. The first scheme (N0) uses lidar night-time measurements in combination with the interpolation of sun–sky daytime measurements. The other two schemes combine lidar night-time measurements with night-time aerosol optical depth obtained by lunar photometry either using intensive properties of the aerosol retrieved during sun–sky daytime measurements (N1) or using the Moon aureole radiance obtained by sky camera images (N2). Evaluations of the columnar aerosol properties retrieved by GRASP are done
versus standard AERONET retrievals. The coherence of day-to-night evolutions
of the different aerosol properties retrieved by GRASP is also studied. The
extinction coefficient vertical profiles retrieved by GRASP are compared
with the profiles calculated by the Raman technique at night-time with
differences below 30 % for all schemes at 355, 532 and 1064 nm. Finally,
the volume concentration and scattering coefficient retrieved by GRASP at
2500 m a.s.l. are evaluated by in situ measurements at this height at Sierra Nevada Station. The differences between GRASP and in situ measurements are similar for the different schemes, with differences below 30 % for both volume concentration and scattering coefficient. In general, for the scattering coefficient, the GRASP N0 and N1 show better results than the GRASP N2 schemes, while for volume concentration, GRASP N2 shows the lowest differences against in situ measurements (around 10 %) for high aerosol optical depth values.
A new laser-based and ultra-portable gas sensor for indoor and outdoor formaldehyde (HCHO) monitoring
Authors: Shutter Joshua D. , Allen Norton T. , Hanisco Thomas F. , Wolfe Glenn M. , St. Clair Jason M. , Keutsch Frank N.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. In this work, a new commercially available, laser-based, and ultra-portable
formaldehyde (HCHO) gas sensor is characterized, and its usefulness for
monitoring HCHO mixing ratios in both indoor and outdoor environments is
assessed. Stepped calibrations and intercomparison with well-established
laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) instrumentation allow a performance
evaluation of the absorption-based, mid-infrared HCHO sensor from Aeris
Technologies, Inc. The Aeris sensor displays linear behavior
(R2 > 0.940) when compared with LIF instruments from
Harvard and NASA Goddard. A nonlinear least-squares fitting algorithm
developed independently of the sensor's manufacturer to fit the sensor's raw
absorption data during post-processing further improves instrument
performance. The 3σ limit of detection (LOD) for 2, 15, and 60 min
integration times are 2190, 690, and 420 pptv HCHO, respectively, for mixing
ratios reported in real time, though the LOD improves to 1800, 570, and
300 pptv HCHO, respectively, during post-processing. Moreover, the accuracy
of the sensor was found to be ± (10 % + 0.3) ppbv when compared
against LIF instrumentation sampling ambient air. The aforementioned precision and
level of accuracy are sufficient for most HCHO levels measured in indoor and
outdoor environments. While the compact Aeris sensor is currently not a
replacement for the most sensitive research-grade instrumentation available,
its usefulness for monitoring HCHO is clearly demonstrated.
Evaluating the impact of spatial resolution on tropospheric NO2 column comparisons within urban areas using high-resolution airborne data
Authors: Judd Laura M. , Al-Saadi Jassim A. , Janz Scott J. , Kowalewski Matthew G. , Pierce R. Bradley , Szykman James J. , Valin Lukas C. , Swap Robert , Cede Alexander , Mueller Moritz , Tiefengraber Martin , Abuhassan Nader , Williams David
Published: November 2019

Abstract. NASA deployed the GeoTASO airborne UV–visible
spectrometer in May–June 2017 to produce high-resolution (approximately 250 m×250 m) gapless NO2 datasets over the western shore of Lake Michigan and over the Los Angeles Basin. The results collected show that the airborne tropospheric vertical column retrievals compare well with
ground-based Pandora spectrometer column NO2 observations (r2=0.91 and slope of 1.03). Apparent disagreements between the two measurements can be sensitive to the coincidence criteria and are often
associated with large local variability, including rapid temporal changes
and spatial heterogeneity that may be observed differently by the sunward-viewing Pandora observations. The gapless mapping strategy executed during
the 2017 GeoTASO flights provides data suitable for averaging to coarser
areal resolutions to simulate satellite retrievals. As simulated satellite
pixel area increases to values typical of TEMPO (Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring Pollution), TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument), and OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument), the
agreement with Pandora measurements degraded, particularly for the most
polluted columns as localized large pollution enhancements observed by
Pandora and GeoTASO are spatially averaged with nearby less-polluted
locations within the larger area representative of the satellite spatial
resolutions (aircraft-to-Pandora slope: TEMPO scale =0.88; TROPOMI
scale =0.77; OMI scale =0.57). In these two regions, Pandora and TEMPO or TROPOMI have the potential to compare well at least up to pollution scales of 30×1015 molecules cm−2. Two publicly available OMI tropospheric NO2 retrievals are found to be biased low with respect to these Pandora observations. However, the agreement improves when higher-resolution a priori inputs are used for the tropospheric air mass factor calculation (NASA V3 standard product slope =0.18 and Berkeley High Resolution product slope =0.30). Overall, this work explores best practices for satellite validation strategies with Pandora direct-sun observations by showing the sensitivity to product spatial resolution and demonstrating how the high-spatial-resolution NO2 data retrieved from airborne spectrometers, such as GeoTASO, can be used with high-temporal-resolution ground-based column observations to evaluate the influence of spatial heterogeneity on validation results.
Bispectra of climate cycles show how ice ages are fuelled
Authors: Liebrand Diederik , de Bakker Anouk T. M.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The increasingly nonlinear response of the climate–cryosphere
system to insolation forcing during the Pliocene and Pleistocene, as
recorded in benthic foraminiferal stable oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O), is marked by a distinct evolution in ice-age cycle frequency,
amplitude, phase, and geometry. To date, very few studies have thoroughly
investigated the non-sinusoidal shape of these climate cycles, leaving
precious information unused to further unravel the complex dynamics of the
Earth's system. Here, we present higher-order spectral analyses of the LR04
δ18O stack that describe coupling and energy exchanges among
astronomically paced climate cycles. These advanced bispectral computations
show how energy is passed from precession-paced to obliquity-paced climate
cycles during the Early Pleistocene (from ∼2500 to ∼750 ka) and ultimately to eccentricity-paced climate cycles during the
Middle and Late Pleistocene (from ∼750 ka onward). They also
show how energy is transferred among many periodicities that have no primary
astronomical origin. We hypothesise that the change of obliquity-paced
climate cycles during the mid-Pleistocene transition (from ∼1200 to ∼600 ka), from being a net sink into a net source of
energy, is indicative of the passing of a land-ice mass loading threshold in
the Northern Hemisphere (NH), after which cycles of crustal depression and
rebound started to resonate with the ∼110 kyr eccentricity
modulation of precession. However, precession-paced climate cycles remain
persistent energy providers throughout the Late Pliocene and Pleistocene,
which is supportive of a dominant and continuous fuelling of the NH ice ages
by insolation in the (sub)tropical zones, and the control it exerts on
meridional heat and moisture transport through atmospheric and oceanic
circulation.
Changes in statistical distributions of sub-daily surface temperatures and wind speed
Authors: Dunn Robert J. H. , Willett Kate M. , Parker David E.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. With the ongoing warming of the globe, it is important to quantify changes in the recent
behaviour of extreme events given their impacts on human
health, infrastructure and the natural environment. We use the
sub-daily, multivariate, station-based HadISD dataset to study the
changes in the statistical distributions of temperature, dew point temperature and
wind speeds. Firstly, we use zonally averaged quantities to show that the
lowest temperatures during both day and night are changing more
rapidly than the highest, with the effect more pronounced in the
northern high latitudes. Along with increases in the
zonally averaged mean temperature, the
standard deviation has decreased and the skew increased (increasing
positive tail, decreasing negative tail) over the last
45 years, again with a stronger, more robust signal at higher
latitudes. Changes in the distribution of dew point temperature are
similar to those of temperature. However, changes in the distribution
of wind speeds indicate a more rapid change at higher speeds than at lower. Secondly, to assess in more
detail the spatial distribution of changes as well as changes across seasons and hours of
the day we study each station individually. For stations which show
clear indications of change in the statistical moments, the higher the
statistical moment, generally the more spatially
heterogenous the patterns of change. The standard deviations of
temperatures are increasing in a band stretching from Europe through
China but are decreasing across North America and in the high
northern latitudes, indicating broadening and narrowing of the
distributions, respectively. Large seasonal differences are
found in the change of standard deviations of temperatures over North
America and eastern China. Temperatures in eastern
Asia also have increasing skew in the winter in contrast to the
remainder of the year. The dew point temperatures show smaller
variation in all of the moments but similar patterns to the
temperatures. For wind speeds, apart from the USA, standard
deviations are decreasing across the world, indicating a decrease in
variability. Finally, we use quantile
regression to show changes in the percentiles of
distributions over time. These show an increase
in high quantiles of temperature in eastern Europe during the summer and also in northern
Europe for low quantiles in the winter, also indicating broadening and narrowing of the
distributions, respectively. In North America, the largest changes are at
the lower quantiles in northern latitudes for autumn and winter.
Quantiles of dew point temperature are changing most in the autumn and
winter, especially in the northern parts of Europe.
Comparison of approaches to interpolating climate observations in steep terrain with low-density gauging networks
Authors: Ossa-Moreno Juan , Keir Greg , McIntyre Neil , Cameletti Michela , Rivera Diego
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The accuracy of hydrological assessments in mountain regions is often hindered by the low density of gauges coupled with complex spatial variations in climate. Increasingly, spatial datasets (i.e. satellite and other products) and new computational tools are merged with ground observations to address this problem. This paper presents a comparison of approaches of different complexities to spatially interpolate monthly precipitation and daily temperature time series in the upper Aconcagua catchment in central Chile. A generalised linear mixed model (GLMM) whose parameters are estimated through approximate Bayesian inference is compared with simpler alternatives: inverse distance weighting (IDW), lapse rates (LRs), and two methods that analyse the residuals between observations and WorldClim (WC) data or Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS). The assessment is based on a leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV), with the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) being the primary performance criterion for both climate variables, while the probability of detection (POD) and false-alarm ratio (FAR) are also used for precipitation. Results show that for spatial interpolation of temperature and precipitation, the approaches based on the WorldClim or CHIRPS residuals may be recommended as being more accurate, easy to apply and relatively robust to tested reductions in the number of estimation gauges. The GLMM has comparable performance when all gauges were included and is better for estimating occurrence of precipitation but is more sensitive to the reduction in the number of gauges used for estimation, which is a constraint in sparsely monitored catchments.
Tsunami hazard and risk assessment for multiple buildings by considering the spatial correlation of wave height using copulas
Authors: Fukutani Yo , Moriguchi Shuji , Terada Kenjiro , Kotani Takuma , Otake Yu , Kitano Toshikazu
Published: November 2019

Abstract. It is necessary to evaluate aggregate damage probability to multiple buildings when performing probabilistic risk assessment for the
buildings. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate a method of tsunami
hazard and risk assessment for two buildings far away from each other, using copulas of tsunami hazards that consider the nonlinear spatial correlation of tsunami wave heights. First, we simulated the wave heights considering uncertainty by varying the slip amount and fault depths. The frequency distributions of the wave heights were evaluated via the response surface method. Based on the distributions and numerically simulated wave heights, we estimated the optimal copula via maximum likelihood estimation.
Subsequently, we evaluated the joint distributions of the wave heights and
the aggregate damage probabilities via the marginal distributions and the
estimated copulas. As a result, the aggregate damage probability of the
99th percentile value was approximately 1.0 % higher and the
maximum value was approximately 3.0 % higher while considering the wave
height correlation. We clearly showed the usefulness of copula modeling
considering the wave height correlation in evaluating the probabilistic risk of multiple buildings. We only demonstrated the risk evaluation method for two buildings, but the effect of the wave height correlation on the results is expected to increase if more points are targeted.
An adaptive regional vulnerability assessment model: Review and concepts for data-scarce regions
Authors: Malgwi Mark Bawa , Fuchs Sven , Keiler Margreth
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Although the vulnerability indicator method has been applied to several data-scarce regions, a missing linkage with damage grades had hindered its application for loss evaluation to complement disaster risk reduction efforts. To address this gap, we present a review of physical vulnerability indicators and flood damage models to gain insights on best practice. Thereafter, we present a conceptual framework for linking the vulnerability indicators and damage grades using three phases (i) developing a vulnerability index, (ii) identifying regional damage grades, and (iii) linking vulnerability index classes with damage grades. The vulnerability index comprehensively integrates elements of the hazard using a Building Impact Index (BII) on one hand, and exposure, susceptibility and local protection elements using a Building Resistance Index (BRI) on the other hand. For the damage grades, local expert assessments are used for identifying and categorizing frequently observed regional damage patterns. Finally, by means of synthetic what-if analysis, experts are asked to estimate damage grades for each interval of the BII and class of BRI to develop a vulnerability curve. The proposed conceptual framework can be used for damage prediction in data-scarce regions to support loss assessment and to provide guidance for disaster risk reduction.
Statistical predictability of the Arctic sea ice volume anomaly:
identifying predictors and optimal sampling locations
Authors: Ponsoni Leandro , Massonnet François , Docquier David , Van Achter Guillian , Fichefet Thierry
Published: November 2019

Abstract. This work evaluates the statistical predictability of the Arctic sea ice volume (SIV) anomaly – here defined as the detrended and deseasonalized SIV – on the interannual time scale. To do so, we made use of 6 datasets, from 3 different atmosphere-ocean general circulation models, with 2 different horizontal grid resolutions each. Based on these datasets, we have developed a statistical empirical model which in turn was used to test the performance of different predictor variables, as well as to identify optimal locations from where the SIV anomaly could be better reconstructed and/or predicted. We tested the hypothesis that an ideal sampling strategy characterized by only a few optimal sampling locations can provide in situ data for statistically reproducing and/or predicting the SIV interannual variability. The results showed that, apart from the SIV itself, the sea ice thickness is the best predictor variable, although total sea ice area, sea ice concentration, sea surface temperature, and sea ice drift can also contribute to improving the prediction skill. The prediction skill can be enhanced further by combining several predictors into the statistical model. Feeding the statistical model with predictor data from 4 well-placed locations is enough for reconstructing about 70 % of the SIV anomaly variance. An improved model horizontal resolution allows a better trained statistical model so that the reconstructed values approach better to the original SIV anomaly. On the other hand, if we look at the interannual variability, the predictors provided by numerical models with lower horizontal resolution perform better for reconstructing the original SIV variability. As per 6 well-placed locations, the statistical predictability does not substantially improve by adding new sites. As suggested by the results, the 4 first best locations are placed at the transition Chukchi Sea–Central Arctic–Beaufort Sea (158.0° W, 79.5° N), near the North Pole (40° E, 88.5° N), at the transition Central Arctic–Laptev Sea (107° E, 81.5° N), and offshore the Canadian Archipelago (109.0° W, 82.5° N), in this respective order. We believe that this study provides recommendations for the ongoing and upcoming observational initiatives, in terms of an Arctic optimal observing design, for studying and predicting not only the SIV values but also its interannual variability.
Síndrome de Alport: Reporte de un caso
Authors: Gale Díaz Sandra Carolina , Galeas Rubén , Navarrete Edgardo
Published: November 2019

El síndrome de Alport (SA) es un conjunto de enfermedades que se caracterizan por una afección hereditaria de la membrana basal glomerular con alteraciones en el colágeno tipo IV que la compone. Se presenta con hematuria micro- o macroscópica; además, suele asociarse a alteraciones auditivas y oculares, y es causa de alrededor de 0.3 a 3% de la enfermedad renal terminal en pediatría. Se reporta el caso de adolescente de 14 años, sexo masculino, que consultó por presentar fiebre, debilidad generalizada y palidez de tres días de evolución. Tenía historia de leucocoria en ojo derecho desde el nacimiento, antecedentes familiares de hematuria (padre y hermano), además hipoacusia en oído derecho. Esto sumado a la lesión ocular antes descrita y a insuficiencia renal crónica se sospechó SA, por lo que se le realizó una audiometría y un ultrasonido (USG) ocular los cuales reportaban una hipoacusia de oído derecho y condensaciones vítreas en ojo derecho respectivamente; dada la hematuria familiar y propia del paciente se realizó el diagnóstico de Síndrome de Alport según los criterios de Flinter.
Countertrade Mechanism of Global Arms Trade: Case Study of Indonesia
Authors: Arifin Zainal , Suman Agus , Khusaini Moh.
Published: November 2019

A strong national defense system serve to maintain the nation's honor such as creating peace, security, and sovereignty and becomes an effective instrument for bargaining position in relations between nations so that it has broad impacts, including impacts on economic aspects. The research approach used is a qualitative approach. This type of research is a systematic review research. Likewise, the defense industry of a country reflects the economic strength of its country, because in carrying out the defense function, the defense industry has a very important role, including in holding the national Main Tool of the Armament System. However, now not all defense equipment can be produced by the domestic defense industry, so some defense equipment must still be held in cooperation with foreign countries. Law No. 16 of 2012 concerning the Defense Industry mandates that procurement of defense equipment from abroad be permitted if it fulfills several requirements, including trade returns, local content, and offset. Counter trade is one of the mechanisms of cooperation that has been carried out by Indonesia. This mechanism allows reciprocal trade between two countries by buying goods from abroad with payment in the form of goods worth the goods imported. So it is important to analyze the potential for economic improvement for Indonesia that is generated by the mechanism of trade defense equipment from abroad, so that in conducting cooperation, Indonesia can benefit both in the short and long term.