bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Berberine elevates cardiolipin in heart of offspring from mouse dams with high fat diet-induced gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Cole Laura K. , Sparagna Genevieve C. , Vandel Marilyne , Xiang Bo , Dolinsky Vernon W. , Hatch Grant M.
Published: August 2021

Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid from plants known to improve cardiac mitochondrial function in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) offspring but the mechanism is poorly understood. We examined the role of the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) in mediating this cardiac improvement. C57BL/6 female mice were fed either a Lean-inducing low-fat diet or a GDM-inducing high-fat diet for 6 weeks prior to breeding. Lean and GDM-exposed male offspring were randomly assigned a low-fat, high-fat, or high-fat diet containing BBR at weaning for 12 weeks. The content of CL was elevated in the heart of GDM offspring fed a high fat diet containing BBR. The increase in total cardiac CL was due to significant increases in the most abundant and functionally important CL species, tetralinoleoyl-CL and this correlated with an increase in the expression of the CL remodeling enzyme tafazzin. Additionally, BBR treatment increased expression of cardiac enzymes involved in fatty acid uptake and oxidation and electron transport chain subunits in high fat diet fed GDM offspring. Thus, dietary BBR protection from cardiac dysfunction in GDM exposed offspring involves improvement in mitochondrial function mediated through increased synthesis of CL.
A proteomic platform to identify off-target proteins associated with therapeutic modalities that induce protein degradation or gene silencing
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhang Ye , Ward Lucas D. , Yan Qinghong , Bohnuud Tanggis , Hernandez Rocio , Lao Socheata , Yuan Jing , Fan Fan
Published: August 2021

Novel modalities such as PROTAC and RNAi have the ability to inadvertently alter the abundance of endogenous proteins. Currently available in vitro secondary pharmacology assays, which evaluate off-target binding or activity of small molecules, do not fully assess the off-target effects of PROTAC and are not applicable to RNAi. To address this gap, we developed a proteomics-based platform to comprehensively evaluate the abundance of off-target proteins. First, we selected off-target proteins using genetics and pharmacology evidence. This process yielded 2813 proteins, which we refer to as the “selected off-target proteome” (SOTP). An iterative algorithm was then used to identify four human cell lines out of 932. The 4 cell lines collectively expressed ~ 80% of the SOTP based on transcriptome data. Second, we used mass spectrometry to quantify the intracellular and extracellular proteins from the selected cell lines. Among over 10,000 quantifiable proteins identified, 1828 were part of the predefined SOTP. The SOTP was designed to be easily modified or expanded, owing to the rational selection process developed and the label free LC–MS/MS approach chosen. This versatility inherent to our platform is essential to design fit-for-purpose studies that can address the dynamic questions faced in investigative toxicology.
Valorization of cigarette butts for synthesis of levulinic acid as top value-added chemicals
Authors: Laurenza Amelita G. , Losito Onofrio , Casiello Michele , Fusco Caterina , Nacci Angelo , Pantone Vincenzo , D’Accolti Lucia
Published: August 2021

Unprecedented in the literature, levulinic acid (LA), one of the top value-added intermediates of chemical industry, is obtained from cigarette butts as cellulose feedstock by means of a one-pot hydrothermal process carried out at 200 °C for 2 h and catalysed by phosphoric acid. The protocol avoids the use of more aggressive and toxic H2SO4 and HCl, that are generally employed on several cellulose sources (e.g. sludge paper), thus minimizing corrosion phenomena of plants. Neither chemical pre-treatment of butts nor specific purification procedure of LA are required. Notably, by simply modifying acid catalyst (e.g. using CH3COOH), another top value-added fine chemical such as 5-hydroxymethylfuraldehyde (HMF) is obtained, thus widening the scope of the method. Being cigarette filters a waste available in quantities of megatonnes per year, they represent an unlimited at no cost source of cellulose, thus enabling the up-scale to an industrial level of LA production.
Effect of erythritol and xylitol on Streptococcus pyogenes causing peritonsillar abscesses
Authors: Kõljalg Siiri , Vaikjärv Risto , Smidt Imbi , Rööp Tiiu , Chakrabarti Anirikh , Kasenõmm Priit , Mändar Reet
Published: August 2021

Polyols are effective against caries-causing streptococci but the effect on oropharynx-derived pyogenic streptococci is not well characterised. We aimed to study the effect of erythritol (ERY) and xylitol (XYL) againstStreptococcus pyogenesisolated from peritonsillar abscesses (PTA). We used 31 clinical isolates and 5 throat culture collection strains. Inhibition of bacterial growth by polyols at 2.5%, 5% and 10% concentrations was studied and the results were scored. Amylase levels in PTA pus were compared to polyol effectivity scores (PES). Growth curves of fourS. pyogenesisolates were analysed. Our study showed that XYL was more effective than ERY inhibiting 71–97% and 48–84% of isolates, respectively, depending of concentrations. 48% of clinical and all throat strains were inhibited by polyols in all concentrations (PES 3). PES was negative or zero in 26% of the isolates in the presence of ERY and in 19% of XYL. ERY enhanced the growth ofS. pyogenesisolated from pus with high amylase levels. Polyols in all concentrations inhibited the growth in exponential phase. In conclusion, ERY and XYL are potent growth inhibitors ofS. pyogenesisolated from PTA. Therefore, ERY and XYL may have potential in preventing PTA in the patients with frequent tonsillitis episodes.
Abnormal visual attention to simple social stimuli in 4-month-old infants at high risk for Autism
Authors: Di Giorgio Elisa , Rosa-Salva Orsola , Frasnelli Elisa , Calcagnì Antonio , Lunghi Marco , Scattoni Maria Luisa , Simion Francesca , Vallortigara Giorgio
Published: August 2021

Despite an increasing interest in detecting early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), the pathogenesis of the social impairments characterizing ASD is still largely unknown. Atypical visual attention to social stimuli is a potential early marker of the social and communicative deficits of ASD. Some authors hypothesized that such impairments are present from birth, leading to a decline in the subsequent typical functioning of the learning-mechanisms. Others suggested that these early deficits emerge during the transition from subcortically to cortically mediated mechanisms, happening around 2–3 months of age. The present study aimed to provide additional evidence on the origin of the early visual attention disturbance that seems to characterize infants at high risk (HR) for ASD. Four visual preference tasks were used to investigate social attention in 4-month-old HR, compared to low-risk (LR) infants of the same age. Visual attention differences between HR and LR infants emerged only for stimuli depicting a direct eye-gaze, compared to an adverted eye-gaze. Specifically, HR infants showed a significant visual preference for the direct eye-gaze stimulus compared to LR infants, which may indicate a delayed development of the visual preferences normally observed at birth in typically developing infants. No other differences were found between groups. Results are discussed in the light of the hypotheses on the origins of early social visual attention impairments in infants at risk for ASD.
A microfluidic paper-based colorimetric device for the visual detection of uric acid in human urine samples
Authors: Saadati Arezoo , Farshchi Fatemeh , Hasanzadeh Mohammad , Seidi Farzad
Published: August 2021

The monitoring of uric acid (UA) as a clinically relevant toxic biomolecule is of particular importance for the diagnosis of various syndromes and for the monitoring of patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Self-powered and low-temperature resistant MXene-modified electronic-skin for multifunctional sensing
Authors: Wang Minmin , Liu Weiqun , Shi Xu , Cong Yafei , Lin Shuai , Sun Tongming , Wang Jin , Tang Yanfeng
Published: August 2021

A sensitive and multifunctional electronic-skin was fabricated with good sensitivity to pressure (1.29 mV Pa−1) and frequency (4.63 V Hz−1) at a low ambient temperature (−15 °C), and the temperature sensitivity is 53.8 nA cm−2 °C−1.
Construction of 2-alkynyl aza-spiro[4,5]indole scaffolds via sequential C–H activations for modular click chemistry libraries
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wang Mengmeng , Wang Huiying , Xu Hui , Chen Junjie , Guo Ziqiong , Ma Biao , Ban Shu-Rong , Dai Hui-Xiong
Published: August 2021

Herein, we have developed a strategy of sequential C–H activations of indole to construct novel 2-alkynyl aza-spiro[4,5]indole scaffolds, which incorporated both alkyne and spiro-units into indole.
N-Heterocyclic carbenes meet toll-like receptors
Authors: Singh Ishwar , Lee Dianne S. , Huang Shuaishuai , Bhattacharjee Hridaynath , Xu Wei , McLeod Jennifer F. , Crudden Cathleen M. , She Zhe
Published: August 2021

First NHC-TLR biosensor. Modular construction. Whole-cell bacteria detection.
A monoanionic pentadentate ligand platform for scandium–pnictogen multiple bonds
Authors: Patrick Evan A. , Yang Yan , Piers Warren E. , Maron Laurent , Gelfand Benjamin S.
Published: August 2021

A new monoanionic pentadentate ligand is designed to accommodate Sc = E bonds (E = N, P).
Interactions of aromatic rings in the crystal structures of hybrid polyoxometalates and Ru clusters
Authors: Abramov Pavel A. , Novikov Alexander S. , Sokolov Maxim N.
Published: August 2021

Computational analysis for π–π interaction energies of {(arene)Ru}2+ containing complexes and relative group 5 hybrid polyoxometalates reveals different frameworks. Some perspectives on πOF materials processing and crystal engineering were discussed.
Fitting potential energy and induced dipole surfaces of the van der Waals complex CH4–N2 using non-product quadrature grids
Authors: Finenko Artem A. , Chistikov Daniil N. , Kalugina Yulia N. , Conway Eamon K. , Gordon Iouli E.
Published: August 2021

We performed extensive ab initio calculations of the interaction energies and dipoles for the weakly bound complex CH4–N2 utilizing a novel approach to constructing a symmetry-adapted grid.
Identification of potent anticancer copper(ii) complexes containing tripodal bis[2-ethyl-di(3,5-dialkyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)]amine moiety
Authors: Massoud Salah S. , Louka Febee R. , Dial Madison T. , Malek Andrew J. , Fischer Roland C. , Mautner Franz A. , Vančo Ján , Malina Tomáš , Dvořák Zdeněk , Trávníček Zdeněk
Published: August 2021

Five Cu(ii) complexes with tripodal pyrazolyl-amines have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Three of the complexes revealed significantly higher in vitro cytotoxicity than cisplatin against five human cancer cell lines.
Sector coupling via hydrogen to lower the cost of energy system decarbonization
Authors: He Guannan , Mallapragada Dharik S. , Bose Abhishek , Heuberger-Austin Clara F. , Gençer Emre
Published: August 2021

Sector coupling via H2 could significantly reduce the cost of energy system decarbonization by providing extra flexibility for variable renewable energy integration.
Counting of enzymatically amplified affinity reactions in hydrogel particle-templated drops
Authors: Wang Yilian , Shah Vishwesh , Lu Angela , Pachler Ella , Cheng Brian , Di Carlo Dino
Published: August 2021

A lab-on-a-particle assay mechanism that enables digital enzyme reaction counting to be performed with standard bench-top equipment and techniques.
β-Lactam antibiotic targets and resistance mechanisms: from covalent inhibitors to substrates
Authors: Mora-Ochomogo Montserrat , Lohans Christopher T.
Published: August 2021

Overview of β-lactam antibiotics and the proteins with which they covalently interact, focusing on penicillin-binding proteins and serine β-lactamases.
Synthesis and characterization of photothermal antibacterial hydrogel with enhanced mechanical properties
Authors: Li Shubin , Wang Xiao , Zhu Jiang , Wang Zhenyu , Wang Lu
Published: August 2021

Based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles, a hydrogel with controllable crosslinking density, good mechanical properties, photothermal and antibacterial abilities was constructed.
B3O3 monolayer: an emerging 2D material for CO2 capture
Authors: Rahimi Rezvan , Solimannejad Mohammad
Published: August 2021

The calculated CO2 capture capacity of the desired B3O3 monolayer in the present study is high that it can be recognized as an emerging material for efficient CO2 capture.
Synthesis of hierarchical GaZSM-5 zeolites by the HCl treatment method and their catalytic performance in methanol aromatization
Authors: Zhou Feng , Ma Huixia , Han Zheng , Ma Fangwei , Wu Guang
Published: August 2021

A series of ZSM-5 samples exhibiting isomorphic substitution with Ga and containing both micropores and mesopores were synthesized by a posttreatment method involving different concentrations of hydrochloric acid.
Tautomers of N-acetyl-d-allosamine: an NMR and computational chemistry study
Authors: Plazinski Wojciech , Roslund Mattias U. , Säwén Elin , Engström Olof , Tähtinen Petri , Widmalm Göran
Published: August 2021

d-AllNAc shows in water solution a significant presence of four tautomers arising from pyranoid and furanoid ring forms and anomeric configurations.
Ag0/Au0 nanocluster loaded Bi2O4 photocatalyst for methyl orange dye photodegradation
Authors: Hasan Najmul , Dalayoan Daryll J. C. , Lee Jaehyun , Lee Jongmin , Kim Jongseo , Bae Jong-Seong , Liu Chunli
Published: August 2021

Illustration of charge transfer between Bi2O4 and nanoclusters, and photocatalytic MO degradation by M/Bi2O4 under visible light irradiation (M = Ag or Au).
Green synthesis of crystalline bismuth nanoparticles using lemon juice
Authors: Mahiuddin Md. , Ochiai Bungo
Published: August 2021

Lemon juice effectively served as a reducing and capping agent for an easy, cost-effective, and green synthesis of crystalline bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs) in basic aqueous media.
Transition-metal-free synthesis of aryl 1-thioglycosides with arynes at room temperature
Authors: Liu Yao , Yu Xiao-Bing , Zhang Xiang-Mei , Zhong Qian , Liao Li-Hua , Yan Nan
Published: August 2021

We have developed a convenient and transition-metal-free protocol for the synthesis of aryl 1-thioglycosides in good to excellent yields via the arynes generated in situ combined with glycosyl thiols.
Self- and dis-assembly behavior of segmented wormlike nanostructures from an ABC triblock copolymer
Authors: Liang Kaiyuan , He Guohao , Wang Qimeng , Xie Zhiying , Li Mingming , Li Xin , Yu Haizhou , Qiu Xiaoyan
Published: August 2021

Herein, PS-b-P2VP-b-PEO could self-assemble to form a kind of segmented wormlike nanostructures. Two formation mechanisms were observed. Moreover, such segmented wormlike nanostructures disassembled gradually when increasing the temperature.
Boosting the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and sodium-storage properties of Co9S8nanoparticlesviaencapsulation with nitrogen-doped few-layer graphene networks
Authors: Qian Lizhi , Wei Zhiqiang , Yu Tingli , Chang Bingdong , Wang Zhiyuan , Liu Yanguo , Sun Hongyu , Huang Wei
Published: August 2021

Co9S8nanoparticles coated with N-doped few-layer graphene show improved electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and sodium storage performance.
An efficient spectrum scheduling mechanism using Markov decision chain for 5G mobile network
Authors: Huang Shih‐Yun , Cho Hsin‐Hung , Chang Yao‐Chung , Yuan Jie‐Yu , Chao Han‐Chieh
Published: August 2021

Recently, the 5G as the next‐generation network is a popular research and discussed widely. The architecture of 5G is a heterogeneous network, and it can support more networked types, like the ultra‐dense network, traditional cellular network, and Machine to Machine communication. Although the high frequency and larger bandwidth have been using in 5G, resource allocation is still a critical issue that needs to be discussed and solved. Consider the spectrum resource is limited, but almost all users hope that equipment can get a better quality of services. Therefore, how to manage the spectrum resource and allocation is a big problem. Consider the fast‐growing devices and traffic in the future; hence, task scheduling for UEs to reduce energy consumption will be focused on. To solve resource allocation and minimise energy consumption, the Markov decision chain is proposed to be used to predict the channel state. The modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) is also used in this paper to find the best task scheduling. The simulation will be used to verify the performance of the mechanism that is used and compare it with PSO and first‐in‐first‐service (FIFS). The result shows the method used can be scheduled for the task efficiently.
Distributed trust‐based unscented Kalman filter for non‐linear state estimation under cyber‐attacks: The application of manoeuvring target tracking over wireless sensor networks
Authors: Adeli Mahdieh , Hajatipour Majid , Yazdanpanah Mohammad Javad , Shafieirad Mohsen , Hashemi‐Dezaki Hamed
Published: August 2021

This paper is concerned with secure state estimation of non‐linear systems under malicious cyber‐attacks. The application of target tracking over a wireless sensor network is investigated. The existence of rotational manoeuvre in the target movement introduces non‐linear behaviour in the dynamic model of the system. Moreover, in wireless sensor networks under cyber‐attacks, erroneous information is spread in the whole network by imperilling some nodes and consequently their neighbours. Thus, they can deteriorate the performance of tracking. Despite the development of target tracking techniques in wireless sensor networks, the problem of rotational manoeuvring target tracking under cyber‐attacks is still challenging. To deal with the model non‐linearity due to target rotational manoeuvres, an unscented Kalman filter is employed to estimate the target state variables consisting of the position and velocity. A diffusion‐based distributed unscented Kalman filtering combined with a trust‐based scheme is applied to ensure robustness against the cyber‐attacks in manoeuvring target tracking applications over a wireless sensor network with secured nodes. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in terms of tracking accuracy, while random attacks, false data injection attacks, and replay attacks are considered.
Magnetised tori in the background of a deformed compact object
Authors: Faraji S. , Trova A.
Published: August 2021

The aim of this work is to study the relativistic accretion thick disc model raised by a deformed compact object that slightly deviated from spherical up to the quadrupole moment by utilising the q-metric. This metric is the simplest asymptotically flat solution of Einstein’s equation with quadrupole moment. We studied the effects of quadrupole moments in combination with the parameters of the thick magnetised disc model via studying the properties of these equilibrium sequences of magnetised, non-self-gravitating discs in this space-time. We employed different angular momentum distributions and discussed the procedure of building this toroidal disc model based on a combination of approaches previously considered in the literature. We show the properties of this relativistic accretion disc model and its dependence on the initial parameters. In addition, this theoretical model can serve as the initial data for numerical simulations.
Solar wind Alfvénicity during solar cycle 23 and 24
Authors: D’Amicis R. , Alielden K. , Perrone D. , Bruno R. , Telloni D. , Raines J. M. , Lepri S. T. , Zhao L.
Published: August 2021

Context.Alfvénic fluctuations are ubiquitous features observed in solar wind, especially in the inner heliosphere. However, strong Alfvénic fluctuations are recovered in the near-Earth solar wind too, mainly in fast streams, but also in some cases in slow wind intervals, as highlighted in recent studies.

Aims.The present study focuses on a statistical comparison between different phases of solar cycles 23 and 24 with regard to the Alfvénic content of solar wind fluctuations. Particular attention is devoted to the Alfvénic slow solar wind, in relation to the solar wind composition and other parameters.

Methods.Two-dimensional histograms of the solar wind speed versus the normalized cross-helicity have been used to feature the Alfvénic character of solar wind turbulence on each phase of the solar cycles considered. Moreover, we characterize the different phases of solar cycles by also using composition data. Finally, case studies are discussed to better highlight the similarities and differences between the two solar maxima, which more clearly show a predominance of Alfvénic slow solar wind.

Results.The statistical analysis highlights similarities between two solar cycles and confirms that the Alfvénic slow wind is more frequently observed during the maximum of solar activity. The two representative time intervals, containing samples of this solar wind regime, show similar characteristics, with a particular reference to the spectral analysis.

Conclusions.This study has important implications for future observations by Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter, devoted to the study of the inner heliosphere inside Mercury’s orbit. In fact, both missions will operate up to the maximum of solar cycle 25 which is fast approaching. These unprecedented measurements will then provide insights into the origin and evolution of the Alfvénic solar wind close to the region where it is generated and accelerated.
Particle heating and acceleration by reconnecting and nonreconnecting current sheets
Authors: Sioulas Nikos , Isliker Heinz , Vlahos Loukas
Published: August 2021

In this article, we study the physics of charged particle energization inside a strongly turbulent plasma, where current sheets naturally appear in evolving large-scale magnetic topologies, but they are split into two populations of fractally distributed reconnecting and nonreconnecting current sheets (CS). In particular, we implemented a Monte Carlo simulation to analyze the effects of the fractality and we study how the synergy of energization at reconnecting CSs and at nonreconnecting CSs affects the heating, the power-law high energy tail, the escape time, and the acceleration time of electrons and ions. The reconnecting current sheets systematically accelerate particles and play a key role in the formation of the power-law tail in energy distributions. On the other hand, the stochastic energization of particles through their interaction with nonreconnecting CSs can account for the heating of the solar corona and the impulsive heating during solar flares. The combination of the two acceleration mechanisms (stochastic and systematic), commonly present in many explosive events of various sizes, influences the steady-state energy distribution, as well as the transport properties of the particles in position- and energy-space. Our results also suggest that the heating and acceleration characteristics of ions and electrons are similar, the only difference being the time scales required to reach a steady state.
Hunting for the nature of the enigmatic narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy PKS 2004-447
Authors: Berton M. , Peluso G. , Marziani P. , Komossa S. , Foschini L. , Ciroi S. , Chen S. , Congiu E. , Gallo L. C. , Björklund I. , Crepaldi L. , Di Mille F. , Järvelä E. , Kotilainen J. , Kreikenbohm A. , Morrell N. , Romano P. , Sani E. , Terreran G. , Tornikoski M. , Vercellone S. , Vietri A.
Published: August 2021

Narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies are a class of active galactic nuclei (AGN) that, in some cases, can harbor powerful relativistic jets. One of them, PKS 2004-447, showsγ-ray emission, and underwent its first recorded multifrequency flare in 2019. However, past studies revealed that in radio this source can be classified as a compact steep-spectrum source (CSS), suggesting that, unlike otherγ-ray sources, the relativistic jets of PKS 2004-447 have a large inclination with respect to the line of sight. We present here a set of spectroscopic observations of this object, aimed at carefully measuring its black hole mass and Eddington ratio, determining the properties of its emission lines, and characterizing its long term variability. We find that the black hole mass is (1.5 ± 0.2)×107 M⊙, and the Eddington ratio is 0.08. Both values are within the typical range of NLS1s. The spectra also suggest that the 2019 flare was caused mainly by the relativistic jet, while the accretion disk played a minor role during the event. In conclusion, we confirm that PKS 2004-447 is one of the rare examples ofγ-ray emitting CSS/NLS1s hybrid, and that these two classes of objects are likely connected in the framework of AGN evolution.
Nanoparticles Size Distribution Assessment During Early Synthesis Stages
Authors: Chicea Dan , Codescu Mirela Maria , Nicolae Alexandra , Doroshkevych Oleksandr , Islamov Akhmed , Kulik Miroslaw
Published: August 2021

Nanotechnology, an innovative field of material science, designs and produces nanostructures materials with unique properties that make them suited for various bioengineering applications. The shape and the dimension are the main variables depending on the method of synthesis or chemical precursors. Silver nanoparticles obtained through chemical synthesis exhibit as strong antibacterial effect if their size lays in a well-defined range. However, a small size of such particles, in the range of nanometers to several tens of nanometers, requires specific techniques as Dynamic Light Scattering or Transmission Electron Microscopy, both being affected by certain assumptions or by the high cost and long time required for a measurement. A nonconventional method based on Direct Particle Tracking can be used to produce the particle size distribution in the early nanoparticle synthesis stages. The work presents a realistic computer simulation of nanoparticle diffusion performed with the CHODIN code and a size distribution assessment using a code for Direct Particle Tracking written for this purpose. The results are consistent with the particle size used for simulation and states as a proof of concept for using the Direct Particle Tracking method for particle size distribution in the early stages of nanoparticle synthesis.
Design and additive manufacturing of brushless electric motor components
Authors: Lancea Camil , Stamate Valentin-Marian , Chicoş Lucia-Antoneta , Zaharia Sebastian-Marian , Pop Alin-Mihai , Pascariu Ionut-Stelian , Buican George-Răzvan
Published: August 2021

The electric motor components are manufactured through the additive process of fused filament fabrication in order to verify the functionality of the electric motor assembly. This process was chosen due to the advantages it confers: fast obtaining of components, low manufacturing costs, no tools required for processing or for moulds manufacturing. Through the fused filament fabrication process, parts with complex geometries, which cannot be obtained by classical machining, can be manufactured. Due to the above-mentioned advantages, this technology is extremely useful for the manufacture and testing of prototypes. The paper aims to manufacture components of a brushless electric motor in order to verify the assembling compatibility and manufacturing accuracy.
The Results of Changing the Current Solution Concept of Universal Motor Gear Reducers with Helical Gears
Authors: Rackov Milan , Knežević Ivan , Nikačević Srđan , Čavić Dijana , Bojanić Šejat Mirjana , Penčić Marko , Čavić Maja , Kuzmanović Siniša , Cofaru Nicolae Florin
Published: August 2021

By analysing and comparing the existing solutions of universal gear reducers with helical gears of the leading manufacturers, it can be noticed the effort to increase the load capacity of the gear reducer within the same axis height. In this way, the manufacturers can offer smaller (cheaper) gear reducers, as well as to simultaneously increase the values of the largest gear ratios. This concept enables the offer of lower-stage (cheaper) gear reducers with higher gear ratios in certain segments of gear ratios. By these efforts, it is reached the maximum, but the further increase is possible only by changing the current concept of universal gear drives. Within this paper, it is given an overview and analysis of one of the possible new conceptual solutions of modern universal motor gear reducer.
Plane surface lapping technological processor
Authors: Deaconescu Andrea , Deaconescu Tudor
Published: August 2021

To date lapping as a finishing process of part surfaces lacks an underlying digital knowledge base. This is due to the complex interlinking of the numerous parameters that influence the results of machining. Starting from here the paper argues improved process planning and machining process optimization by presenting a new modelling algorithm of lapping and a software tool designed as a support for lapping machine operators. The proposed computer programme enables automated planning of machining and can be deployed for studies related to the influence of various work parameters on the quality criteria targeted by machining.
Kanban Systems in the Context of the Enterprise Systems
Authors: Beju Livia Dana , Legutko Stanislaw
Published: August 2021

Companies are under increasing pressure from customers, competitors, limited resources, etc. These conditions oblige companies to permanently improve their organizational structure and the activities of all system’s flows. The paper analyses the types of Kanban systems, in the broader context of the enterprise systems. The most important reference architectures were analysed (with the emphasis on the modules dedicated to flow description) and the standards that allow the activity modelling of a manufacturing enterprises. Starting from this context, the paper describes three models of Kanban systems that are specific to companies with different information systems development. Models are: Push production with withdrawal Kanban; Pull production with withdrawal Kanban and production Kanban triggered by Kanban board; Pull production with withdrawal Kanban and production Kanban triggered by the dispatch to the customers. The models are graphically described using Value Stream Map (VMS) symbols. These models are useful in the development and improvement of production flows.
Algorithm for workcells design
Authors: Beju Livia Dana
Published: August 2021

The paper presents a methodology for the design of the manufacturing cells, covering all the necessary steps, from the analysis of the customers’ needs, to part families for group technologies, process engineering, control procedures, production rate, production planning (push or pull workflow), supply in the manufacturing cell, workcell configuration, work standardisation. The necessary tools through each stage are presented. Also, there are presented links to major company systems. For each design stage, deliverables are specified. this design approach is not linear. At each stage it is possible (and indicated) to go back and analyse the previously established parameters. The methodology is a complex one, and in a wider space the detailed parameters will be presented in extenso.
Virtual commissioning of automated manufacturing systems — Quality-handling station case study
Authors: Skýpala Richard , Ružarovský Roman
Published: August 2021

The aim of the contribution is to create an event-controlled simulation of an automated production system using selected simulation software according to analyses and creation PLC control program compatible with human-machine control interface (HMI) visualization. The programmer can test the control program without the need for additional hardware on a virtual model of the machine. This method is called as a Virtual Commissioning method. The question is whether these new digital technologies are beneficial in the development process of new machines. The theoretical part of the contribution deals with the evaluation of the current state of knowledge in the field of virtual commissioning systems from the perspective of the Industry 4.0 concept and the use of principles taken from the technology of digital twins for analysing the possibilities of productive support of simulation, programming and visualization of control. For the Virtual Commissioning of the Quality-handling station from a flexible production system. It was chosen Tecnomatix Process simulating software for the developing of the Digital Twin of the station that is suitable for the connection of the logical behaviour inputs and outputs of the Digital Twin to the PLCSIM emulator. The main goal is to create a functional PLC program, so that in the second phase the process of virtual commissioning can be tested by the Software-the-Loop method. The preparation of the simulation model consists in a sample of the control station model of the production system, the process of creating kinematic bonds, behaviour model, creating control signals in the Tecnomatix Process Simulate program. Programming procedure and acquaintance with control means in the Simatic Manager program, selection of communication interface and creation of control visualization. In the final work, validation is performed and evaluation supports the objectives and the results confirmed the benefits of the Virtual Commissioning tool.
Applied study on the rotational molding and processing technology of rotational molds
Authors: Pop Alina Bianca , Ţîţu Aurel Mihail
Published: August 2021

Computer-aided manufacturing involves a set of computerized activities related to the preparation, launch and follow-up of manufacturing. Computer-aided manufacturing is a tool that allows the use of 3D models based on computer-aided design. This paper addresses the process of rotational formation, with an effective focus on the technology of processing a rotational mold using CAM simulation as a research method. In this sense, the right choice of CNC and cutting tools is essential. The use of numerically controlled machine tools and high-performance cutting tools reduces the number of operations. The manufacturing route realized is specific to the parts machining on numerical control machine, with multiple possibilities such as the execution on a single machine of all the necessary operations to create the mold. PowerMILL gives the user the flexibility to generate thisheir NC programs and ensures the use of the most efficient processing method without having to wait for the complete calculation. A number of different strategies, from the wide range that PowerMILL has, are compared using a high tolerance so that they can be calculated quickly. In this study, the strengths of the CNC are highlighted based on experimental research, features that make this machine a very productive one, saving time, energy and, implicitly, low execution costs.
Contributions regarding 3D modelling of biomechanics of the foot
Authors: Cofaru Nicolae Florin , Brănescu Andrei Horia , Marjanovic Vesna , Blagojevic Mirko , Mihuţ Vlăduţ
Published: August 2021

Within this paper, a detailed study is elaborated regarding the human foot during both orthostatic and gait, the main goal being to develop 3D models which are very useful in the foot motion and loading state research. In order to elaborate the accurate 3D modelling of the human foot assembly, a thorough biomechanical study is done. Such a study was required due to the fact of the high anatomical complexity of the motions within the foot, taking into consideration the 26 bones and 33 joints consisting it. The research aims the CAD modelling of the biomechanics of the healthy subjects alongside with predisposed pathological conditions. The resulting models will have important utility in both educational field and for further CAE approaches and studies.
The need and implications of the human capital management system
Authors: Porancea-Răulea Andreea Simina
Published: August 2021

In an era where technology and innovation seem to take over every organizational process, differentiation in terms of sustainable economic growth is achieved by implementing a human capital management system. In order to develop a proper model that encompasses a long-term perspective and an infinite organizational mindset, using a survey questionnaire collected data from 118 responses and 3 focus groups were conducted. This paper aims to highlight the results regarding the degree of implementation of the human capital management system and the implications for organizational performance arising from this approach. The results of this study present an evaluation model of human capital in organizations operating in the automotive field.
An Overview of the Production Capacity and Operational Optimization in the Framework of Industry 4.0
Authors: Ocakci Elif , Niemann Jörg , Luminosu Caius , Taucean Ilie
Published: August 2021

Dynamic and volatile markets, triggered by increasing competition, rising product variety and many more factors, lead to a series of reactions: An increasing product complexity (e.g. a higher number of software components) shorter life cycles, faster development cycles and the call for a prompt market readiness. This has immense repercussions on the value chain and on the manufacturing sites. Additionally, it leads to interactions between product features and the production environment, which includes development, production, quality management, supply chain management and all other related disciplines.As an example, the average development time decreased within the last 20 years up to 20 % (impact on research and development), while the product complexity steadily increased (impact on the product features). Until recently, activities based on information and communication technology (ICT) to address these profound challenges have been referred to as “Digitalization”. However, to counteract the afore mentioned challenges in a more target-oriented manner, the German government introduced the strategic initiative ‘Industry 4.0’. It is crucial for companies to primarily perceive the options and content of Industry 4.0 for potential transformation from machine dominant production to digital manufacturing.
Prediction of defects using machine learning techniques in order to improve quality management system – A case study
Authors: Sârb Adina , Burja Udrea Cristina , Nagy–Oniţa Daniela , Itul Liliana , Popa Maria
Published: August 2021

According to ISO 9000, a quality management system is part of a set of related or interacting elements of an organization that sets policies and objectives, as well as the processes necessary to achieve the quality objectives. Quality is the extent to which a set of intrinsic characteristics of an object meets the requirements. Based on these definitions, the factory, considered in this paper, S.C. APULUM S.A.,decided to implement a quality management system since 1998. Subsequently, the organization’s attention is focus on the continuous improvement of the implemented quality management system. The purpose of this paper is to study the percent of specified defects specific to ceramic products in the future to improve the quality management system. In this regard, machine learning techniques were applied for defects forecasting for different types of products: mugs, pressed plates and jiggered plates. The experimental evaluation was performed on real data sets that contain percentages about different types of defects collected in 2018-2019. The experimental results show that for each type of product exists an algorithm that forecasts the future defects.
Study regarding the improvement of the postage transport system in the city of Sibiu
Authors: Popescu Liliana Georgeta , Moldovan Ovidiu Ioan
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a study on the improvement of postal system in the city of Sibiu where there are a number of three post offices that serve a number of eight counters, to which are added the distribution point and the collection point. Each post office has a well-established work schedule that differs from one office to another. The transport of postal items between the counters / post offices within the municipality of Sibiu and the collection office, must be done on a certain route, in order to respect the work schedule of each office and to take into account a number of restriction factors. In order to streamline the process of collecting and distributing postal items in Sibiu, 6 routes have been proposed and studied for the two shifts of drivers. With the help of the GeoMedia software, various route variants were calculated in terms of distance in kilometers, fuel consummation and time traveled. With the help of a spreadsheet calculation performed in Microsoft Office Excel, it was possible to check and recalculate the proposed routes, by entering the times that drivers spend loading and unloading postal items from each counter. It was thus possible to create a calculation sheet that can improve postal transport in Sibiu, and can increase the quality of services.
Autonomous Control System for an Electric ATV
Authors: Rus Cosmin , Leba Monica , Negru Nicoleta , Marcuş Răzvan , Costandoiu Alin
Published: August 2021

This paper lays the foundations of an autonomous control system for an electric ATV type vehicle. The conversion of a classic motor vehicle into an electric one is shortly presented and the main advantages deriving from such a motorization especially in terms of the main impact on the environment in the sense that the noxious substances resulting from a classic thermal motorization are eliminated and the use of the vehicle can be extended for industrial halls too. This electric vehicle has, in addition to the classic proximity sensors, a high-resolution LIDAR type scanning system that allows it to map an enclosure so that the processed data can then be used in the autonomous driving algorithm. The LIDAR type scanning system is also correlated with a location system based on a LoRa communication system to allow a predictive location of the route followed by the autonomous vehicle. It is desired to use the whole complex, especially in some industrial halls and in the current context it is suitable to be used as a disinfection vehicle in order to prevent the personnel health issues in the context of SARS-COV2 epidemics.
Collaborations between universities and the business environment in Romania
Authors: Miricescu Dan , Heinisch Martin , Heinisch Laura
Published: August 2021

Building closer relationships between universities and companies can encourage exchange of information between the two institutions, to create long-term partnerships and opportunities and stimulates innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship. The main objective of this research is to identify the significant elements of the collaboration between the university environment and the business environment in Romania, by extracting current information about this collaboration and to try to realise a general framework related to this issue. The research is part of a future larger investigation conducted as an integral part of the Erasmus + project Personalized Engineering Education in South Africa - PEESA III. The study analyzed the perceptions of respondents from some companies operating on the Romanian market, regarding the company in which they are activating and its level of cooperation with the university environment.
A Managerial Research of Online Education in the Primary and Secondary Romanian Education System During COVID 19 Crisis
Authors: Edelhauser Eduard , Lupu-Dima Lucian
Published: August 2021

The authors tried to analyse the implication of one year of online education in the Romanian primary education, lower secondary education, upper secondary education and even in the early childhood system. COVID-19 was seen as a social phenomenon world-wide and also in Romanian, that affected many elements of the society, including education. The study is based on a survey and used the online questionnaire investigation composed of 10 questions and authors have received more than 2500 answers from the respondents. The investigation took place during 29th of January 2021 and 11th of February 2021. The study concluded that, in the Romanian primary and secondary education system most schools migrated quickly to an online education system. The result shows also that over 82% of the students have participated rhythmic to online education and 50% to 60% of them used a Google Classroom platform or another virtual classroom. In the authors opinion the future of the Romanian education system will represent from now on a continuous debate between classic and online education, considering that only 10% of the Romanian students have no access to Internet and another 8% of the students did not have a computer, a laptop, a tablet, or a smartphone and obvious could not take online classes.
Model of indirect Expenses Distribution for Determining Economies of Scale
Authors: Panazan Oana , Gheorghe Catalin , Calefariu Gavrila
Published: August 2021

Changing economic environment, innovative production technologies and the need to obtain relevant information in decisionmaking, management determines the organizations to seek different approaches to identify economies of scale. Economies of scale are manifested as an effect of cost reduction. The article proposes a comparative analysis of two methods of establishing costs that allow the identification and quantification of economies of scale. The research proposes a distribution of indirect costs depending on the cause-effect relationship between activity and product. The research results show a cost difference in the case of implementing the Activity-based costing (ABC) cost system, thus recognizing the usefulness and compatibility of the method.
Proactive risk assessment via fuzzy approach in a decisional process of consignment stock program adoption
Authors: Faur Monica , Bungău Constantin
Published: August 2021

The idea of adopting the consignment stock concept has enriched the landscape of efficient supply chains and their organizations, due to its major benefits in reducing inventory, compressing delivery time and increasing flexibility towards achieving agility and enhanced market responsiveness. The decision making process is a complex one, as besides the benefits and the economical and administrative aspects, there are also risks that must be identified, measured, assessed and managed. There is little research in the literature concerning the risks and constraints of consignment inventory implementation, while consignment contracts are widely applied in both physical and virtual supply chains. This paper introduces a model of proactive risk assessment via a fuzzy approach, allowing a sensitivity analysis of the identified risks in the matrix, in terms of probability to happen, degree of severity, impact and potential consequences, as well as mitigation. A fuzzy inference system is used to serve as assessment instrument, to fairly and more rigorously evaluate the risks, in order to avoid critical situations during or after program adoption, or even implementation failure. Fuzzy logic theory has been chosen to capture the uncertainty that usually occurs when dealing with risks and decision making. We believe that having these risk assessment insights at hand, managers and practitioners can achieve a better understanding of the challenges that come along with a new consignment program adoption, while allowing them to make the right and justified decision, in accordance with both benefit and risk considerations.