bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mass‐Producible Self‐Powered Solar‐Blind Ultraviolet Photodetector Based on Graphene/β‐Ga2O3 Heterojunction Processed by Wet Transfer
Authors: Fang Cizhe , Wang Yibo , Li Tongzhou , Zeng Xiangyu , Li Xiaoxi , Yang Jiayong , Wang Di , Zhang Hongrui , Liu Yan , Hao Yue , Han Genquan
Published: October 2024

Graphene electrodes draw considerable attention in solar‐blind ultraviolet (SBUV) detection owing to their unique features including high ultraviolet (UV) transparency and superior intrinsic carrier mobilities. However, their adoption comes with challenges, as the most commonly used preparation technique, i.e., the dry transfer process, is challenging to achieve mass production. In this work, graphene/β‐Ga2O3 heterojunction photodetectors processed by wet transfer are reported. Benefiting from the UV‐transparent electrode and heterojunction, both the responsivity and response speed are improved. The characteristic of the graphene/β‐Ga2O3 interface is analyzed by the current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) curves, featuring a high‐quality junction. Operated at zero bias, the photodetector exhibits a low dark current of less than 1 pA and a high response speed of less than 1 ms. An excellent UV‐C/visible rejection ratio is also achieved. Importantly, the photodetector performs excellent reproducibility and performance stability. This results provide a new perspective for the mass production of graphene/Ga2O3 integrated devices, enabling high‐performance Ga2O3 photodetector arrays.
See‐Through Conformable Holographic Metasurface Patches for Augmented Reality
Authors: Gan Yuhui , Xiao Jianling , Plaskocinski Tomasz , Persheyev Saydulla , Biabanifard Mohammad , Di Falco Andrea
Published: October 2024

Current requirements for augmented reality (AR) applications demand the use of dedicated AR glasses, which often need custom prescription lenses or contact lenses to correct common visual impairments, thus limiting AR's broader experiences. Here, an innovative methodology for the design, fabrication, and comprehensive analysis of a flexible, reflective‐type holographic metasurface patch designed for AR applications is presented. By fabricating a conformable metasurface on a transparent and flexible substrate, a prototype of AR eyeglasses is successfully created, capable of transforming everyday eyewear into AR glasses. The prototype is tested under both indoor and outdoor conditions, proving its effectiveness in delivering immersive AR imaging presentations. The metasurface's compact size does not interfere with normal vision. This approach increases the relevance and applicability of AR technology by making AR experiences accessible to a wider audience.
Redefining Excellence: Exploring the Influence of Social Comparison on Green Product Evaluation
Authors: Wang Ya , Wu Shuilong , Li You , Sheng Shibin , Yuan Yongna
Published: October 2024

In recent decades, green consumption has gained considerable attention among academic and business circles. While previous research has shown that green products combine environmental value and status symbols, the role of micro‐social environments has been insufficiently examined in studies exploring the antecedents of green consumption. Social comparison, a central feature of human social life, has been overlooked. Therefore, this research conducted five empirical studies to investigate the impact of social comparison on green product evaluations. We find that upward and downward comparisons positively influence consumers' attitudes, purchase intentions, and actual choices of green products. Notably, feelings of self‐threat mediate this effect in upward comparison situations, while authentic pride mediates this effect in downward comparison situations. Furthermore, the impact of social comparison on green product evaluations is moderated by consumers' self‐monitoring. Specifically, this effect is strengthened for consumers with high self‐monitoring and attenuated for those with low self‐monitoring. These findings offer novel perspectives on green consumption and marketing implications for managers.
Genetic and Epidemiological Insights into RAB32‐Linked Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Radefeldt Mandy , Lemke Sabrina , Chaichoompu Kridsadakorn , Paul Jefri Jeya , Curado Filipa , Valzania Franco , Cavallieri Francesco , Fioravanti Valentina , Valente Enza Maria , Avenali Micol , Negrotti Anna , Hanagasi Hasmet A. , Thonke Sven , Matarazzo Michele , Panzavolta Andrea , Cerami Chiara , Westenberger Ana , Klein Christine , Bauer Peter , Beetz Christian
Published: October 2024

Background

The p.Ser71Arg RAB32 variant was recently associated with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objective

The aim was to investigate the presence of RAB32 variants in a large multiethnic group of individuals affected and unaffected by PD.

Methods

We queried our proprietary database that contains exome/genome sequencing data of >180,000 individuals. Additional PD patients were genotyped, and proximal p.Ser71Arg‐associated haplotypes were constructed.

Results

p.Ser71Arg was present in 11 PD patients (73% from northern Italy) and in 35 individuals (89% from the Middle East and North Africa [MENA]) aged <50 years without PD‐relevant symptoms. It was found in‐cis to a set of proximal single‐nucleotide polymorphisms. Additional RAB32 variants were comparably frequent in PD and non‐PD individuals.

Conclusions

The RAB32 p.Ser71Arg variant defines a cluster of PD patients in northern Italy. Globally, it is most prevalent in MENA. Our data indicate that p.Ser71Arg causes PD and that it occurred only once, through a founder event. Other RAB32 variants are unlikely to cause PD. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Care navigation platform fills gap in MH service, resource access
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: October 2024

A navigation platform, launched Oct. 22, aims to help individuals find the right support for mental health, substance use and relationship challenges, whether it be therapists, psychiatrists, support groups or self‐help resources. The platform supports behavioral health providers and other care platforms in expanding their reach by helping individuals with new clients and patients, officials stated.
Innovation awards aims to advance MH solutions for youth
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: October 2024

Observing a need to fund and advance transformative mental health care solutions for children and young adults across the country, Morgan Stanley announced earlier this year the third cohort of winners of its Alliance for Children's Mental Health Innovation Awards.
Chaos and attraction domain of fractional Φ6‐van der Pol with time delay velocity
Authors: Xie Zhikuan , Xie Jiaquan , Shi Wei , Liu Yuanming , Si Jialin , Ren Jiani
Published: October 2024

This article investigates the chaotic analysis and attractive domain of a fractional‐order
‐van der Pol with time delay velocity under harmonic excitation. Firstly, eight different types of bifurcation states of the system under different parameters are calculated by using the undisturbed system. Secondly, the Melnikov method is used to explore the effect of time delay velocity on the threshold of chaos in the Smale horseshoe sense under the double‐well potential and three‐well potential of the system. Finally, through numerical analysis of the phase diagram, bifurcation diagram, and maximum Lyapunov exponent, the influence of time delay velocity on system chaos is studied. The results indicate that an increase in the delay velocity coefficient will lead to the system transitioning from a chaotic state to a periodic state, while an increase in the delay velocity term will lead to the system transitioning from a periodic state to a chaotic state. In the study of system bifurcation, it is found that the position of the equilibrium points of the system changes during periodic motion. Therefore, cell mapping is used to draw the attractive domain of the system is studying the influence of initial conditions on the equilibrium point of the system and the results show that there is a close relationship between the attraction domain and the process of chaos occurrence.
Optimal decay of the Boltzmann equation
Authors: Wu Guochun , Yang Wanying
Published: October 2024

The Boltzmann equation is a typical example of partially dissipative equations, where the linearized collision operator is positive definite with respect to the microscopic part and the dissipation of the hydrodynamic part is discovered from the coupling structure between the transport operator and the linearized collision operator. Guo and Wang (Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 37, 2012) developed a general energy method for proving the optimal time decay rates of the solution to such type of equations in the whole space; however, the decay rate of the highest order spatial derivatives of the solution is not optimal. In this paper, by incorporating the high‐low frequency decomposition in the energy estimates, both linearly and nonlinearly, we prove the optimal decay rates of any high order spatial derivatives of the low frequency part of the solution to the Boltzmann equation and the almost exponential decay rate of the high frequency part, which imply in particular the optimal decay rate of the highest order spatial derivatives of the solution. Moreover, the velocity‐weighted assumption of the initial data required in Guo and Wang (Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 37, 2012) is removed by capturing the time‐weighted dissipation estimates via the time‐weighted energy method. The method can be applied to the compressible Navier–Stokes equations and many partially dissipative equations in kinetic theory and fluid dynamics.
Coupling Geomechanical and Gravity Flow Models to Obtain More Representative Flow Simulations and Air‐Gap Risk Identification in Caving Mining
Authors: Castro Raúl , Oyarzo Diego , Gómez René , Suzuki Kimie , Cifuentes Miguel
Published: October 2024

The extraction and propagation of caving are complex phenomena involving the breaking of the rock mass, the formation of a column of broken material, and the extraction from the column base. Geomechanical modeling in cave mining commonly uses approaches to model the rock mass as a continuous material, while discontinuous modeling is frequently used for the column of broken material. However, it remains complex to include all mechanisms in a single model. Therefore, to achieve a better representation of ore breakage and extraction in caving mining, this work couples FLAC3D, a continuous finite volume tool, with FlowSim, a discrete tool based on cellular automata, to determine the air gap volume. The methodology first defines the height of caving propagation and the cave back with a tool that models solid rock mass in a continuous manner, which are used to constrain the cellular automata tool that simulates the flow of broken material. The results show that unidirectional FLAC3D‐FlowSim coupling reproduces the generation of cave backs and air gaps in the propagation of caving, rendering the methodology valuable for preliminary estimation of air volumes over fragmented material and the generation of supportive data to control the caving process.
Prospective 3D Fat Navigator (FatNav) motion correction for 7T Terra MRI
Authors: Klodowski Krzysztof , Sengupta Ayan , Dragonu Iulius , Rodgers Christopher T.
Published: October 2024

Ultra‐high field (7T) MRI allows scans at sub‐millimetre resolution with exquisite signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). As 7T MRI becomes more widely used clinically, the challenge of patient motion must be overcome. Retrospective motion correction is used successfully for some protocols, but for acquisitions such as slice‐by‐slice scans only prospective motion correction can deliver the full potential of 7T MRI. We report the first implementation of prospective 3D Fat Navigator (“FatNav”) motion correction for the Siemens 7T Terra MRI. We implemented a modular Sequence Building Block for FatNav and embedded it into the vendor's gradient‐recalled echo (GRE) sequence. We modified the reconstruction pipeline to reconstruct FatNav images online, coregistering them and sending motion updates to the host sequence online. We tested five registration algorithms for performance and accuracy on synthetic FatNav data. We implemented the best three of these in our sequence and tested them online. We acquired T1 and T2* weighted brain images of healthy volunteers correcting every other image for motion to visualise the effectiveness of online motion correction. Data were acquired with and without head immobilisation. We also tested performance while correcting every measurement for motion. Our implementation uses a 1.23 s 3D FatNav acquisition module and delivers motion updates in less than 3 s, which is sufficient for motion updates every few k‐space lines in typical scans. Corrected images are crisper with fewer visible motion artefacts. This improved sharpness is reflected quantitatively by an increase in the variance of the image Laplacian which is 1.59 x better for corrected vs uncorrected images. Profiles across the cerebral falx are 33% steeper for corrected vs uncorrected images. Prospective FatNav improves GRE image quality in the brain. Our modular Sequence Building Block provides a simple method to integrate motion correction in 7T MRI pulse sequences.
An Exploration of Registered Nurses' Experiences Caring for Patients Taking Medicinal Cannabis
Authors: McIntosh Nicole , Wilson Nathan J. , Povalej Petra , Hunt Leanne , Lewis Peter
Published: October 2024

Aims

This study aimed to describe nurses' experiences caring for patients who use medicinal cannabis. For the purpose of this study, the term ‘medicinal cannabis’ is used to describe cannabis‐based products that are sourced legally or illegally.

Design

Qualitative study using thematic analysis.

Methods

Eleven registered nurses explored their experiences caring for patients using medicinal cannabis in the Australian healthcare sector. Semistructured interviews were via telephone, Zoom or face to face. Transcribed interview data were analysed using the six phases of thematic analysis.

Results

The nurses' experiences of caring for patients who use medicinal cannabis were described in three themes; ‘Searching for predictable processes of regulation, access and use of medicinal cannabis’, ‘One conundrum after another’ and ‘There is a lot to learn’. Overall, nurses described feeling underprepared to care for patients who use or want to use medicinal cannabis in the Australian healthcare sector.

Conclusion

The results indicate that nurses want to have meaningful discussions with patients about the use of medicinal cannabis, yet do not always have the confidence to do so. Nurses sought their own education on how to better support patients. All participants echoed the need for education. The nurse's role in caring for and supporting patients using medicinal cannabis could improve the patient experience.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Nurses play an essential role in improving the patient's experience and advocating for those using or wanting to discuss medicinal cannabis as a part of holistic care. Defining the nurse's role in effectively caring for patients can begin by providing evidence‐based education to nurses. Including nurses in policy development and beginning to understand the legal and regulatory implications for nurses are important.

Impact

This is the first study presenting current issues for nurses who care for patients using medicinal cannabis in Australian healthcare systems.

Reporting Method

COREQ guidelines were adhered to for this study.

No Patient or Public Contribution

For this research project on the experiences of registered nurses caring for patients using medicinal cannabis, we did not engage members of the patient population or the general public.
Distributed Optimization on Matrix‐Weighted Networks
Authors: Cui Qiuyan , Ji Zhijian , Liu Yungang , Lin Chong
Published: October 2024

This article is intended to tackle the optimization problems for continuous‐time first‐order and second‐order multi‐agent systems (MASs) operating over matrix‐weighted networks. A matrix‐weighted network serves as a powerful framework to model the interdependence among agents' multidimensional states, providing an effective approach to analyze smart grids, intelligent transportation systems, and so forth. Our optimization objective is to facilitate the convergence of all agents toward the optimal value of a global cost function, which is formed by a sum of local cost functions. To achieve this goal, distributed optimization algorithms based on Hessian matrix and gradient information are constructed. Additionally, an edge‐based event‐triggered mechanism is utilized to avoid communicating with all neighbors at the time of event triggering. It is proved that this mechanism theoretically excludes Zeno behavior. The results show that the proposed algorithms ensure that the agents can achieve the optimization goal while reducing energy consumption. Finally, an application is presented to substantiate the theoretical results.
Finite Horizon Stochastic H2/H∞ Control for Continuous‐Time Systems Driven by G‐Brownian Motion
Authors: Han Huimin
Published: October 2024

In this article, we consider a stochastic control problem under volatility ambiguity. In this framework, the state function is described by a stochastic differential equation driven by ‐Brownian motion. Different from the classical approach, the volatility ambiguity is characterized by a family of non‐dominated probability measures. control can be modeled as a “inf‐sup problem” and control can be modeled as a “sup‐sup problem.” With the help of stochastic maximum principle and dynamic programming principle, we derive the stochastic bounded real lemma and two sets of cross coupled generalized differential Riccati equations, which is associated with the solvability of control.
Highly Active and Durable Nanostructured Nickel‐Molybdenum Coatings as Hydrogen Electrocatalysts via Solution Precursor Plasma Spraying
Authors: Wu Xiuyu , Piñeiro‐García Alexis , Rafei Mouna , Kuzhikandathil Alice , Canto‐Aguilar Esdras J. , Gracia‐Espino Eduardo
Published: October 2024

The increasing demand for green hydrogen is driving the development of efficient and durable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Nickel‐molybdenum (NiMo) alloys are among the best HER electrocatalysts in alkaline electrolytes, and here we report a scalable solution precursor plasma spraying (SPPS) process to produce the highly active Ni4Mo electrocatalysts directly onto metallic substrates. The NiMo coating coated onto inexpensive Ni mesh revealed an excellent HER performance with an overpotential of only 26 mV at −10 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope of 55 mV dec−1. Excellent operational stability with minimum changes in overpotential were also observed even after extensive 60 hour high‐current stability test. In addition, we investigate the influence of different substrates over the catalytic performance and operational stability. We also proposed that a slow, but consistent, dissolution of Mo is the primary degradation mechanism of NiMo‐based coatings. This unique SPPS approach enables the scalable production of exceptional NiMo electrocatalysts with remarkable activity and durability, positioning them as ideal cathode materials for practical applications in alkaline water electrolysers.
Enhancing the Interfacial Property Between UHMWPE Fibers and Epoxy Through Polydopamine and SiO2 Surface Modification
Authors: Ben Nengjun , Jiang Sulun , Zhao Liping , Gong Jiale , Shen Lu , Wang Kui , Tang Chenyang
Published: October 2024

Here, a combination of dopamine self‐polymerization and epoxy modified SiO2 (M‐SiO2) grafting was proposed, with the purpose of increasing interfacial adhesion of UHMWPE fiber. Inspired by mussel adhesion, polydopamine (PDA) was deposited onto the surface of UHMWPE fiber to form a thin layer with amino and hydroxyl groups. M‐SiO2 nanoparticles were then adhered to fiber surface via chemical reactions by a “two‐step” or “one‐step” technology. In the “two‐step” technique, the M‐SiO2 nanoparticles were adhered to the surface of PDA modified UHMWPE fiber via reactions between epoxy and amino groups. In the “one‐step” method, M‐SiO2 and dopamine were added into the UHMWPE/Tris solution at the same time. Surface morphology and thermal properties of various UHMWPE fibers were tested by SEM and TGA, respectively. Surface wettability of different UHMWPE fibers were evaluated by dynamic contact angle. The results proved that PDA and M‐SiO2 were successfully adhered to the surface of UHMWPE fibers. The mechanical property of modified UHMWPE/Epoxy composites was investigated, and 43.7 % improvement was obtained, compared with unmodified UHMWPE/Epoxy composite. Additionally, micro‐bond test revealed that the interfacial property (IFSS value) of modified UHMWPE fiber via the “one‐step” method was 6.08 MPa, significantly higher than that of unmodified UHMWPE fiber (2.47 MPa).
Anxiolytic Efficacy of Indirubin: In Vivo Approach Along with Receptor Binding Profiling and Molecular Interaction with GABAergic Pathways
Authors: Disha Ishrat Jahan , Hasan Rubel , Bhuia Shimul , Ansari Siddique Akber , Ansari Irfan Aamer , Islam Muhammad Torequl
Published: October 2024

Anxiety is a natural response to stress, characterized by feelings of worry, fear, or unease. The current research was conducted to investigate the anxiolytic effect of indirubin (IND) in different behavioral paradigms in Swiss albino mice. To observe the animal's behavioural response to assess anxiolytic activity, different tests were performed, such as the open‐field (square cross, grooming, and rearing), swing, dark‐light, and hole cross tests. The experimental mice were administered IND (5 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.), where diazepam (DZP) and vehicle were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. In addition, a combination treatment (DZP+IND‐10) was provided to the animals to determine the modulatory effect of IND on DZP. Molecular docking approach was also conducted to determine the binding energy of IND with the GABAA receptor (α2 and α3 subunits) and pharmacokinetics were also estimated. The findings revealed that IND dose‐dependently significantly (p<0.05) reduced the animal's movement exerting calming behavior like DZP. IND also demonstrated the highest docking score (−7.7 kcal/mol) against the α3 subunit, while DZP showed a lower docking value (−6.4 kcal/mol) than IND. The ADMET analysis revealed that IND has proper drug‐likeness and pharmacokinetic characteristics. In conclusion, IND exerted anxiolytic effects through GABAergic Pathways.
Design and Synthesis of Six‐Armed Antimicrobial Polymer to Battle Against Nosocomial Pathogens
Authors: Nagaraja Akshatha , Kanth Shreya , Jalageri Manohara Dhulappa
Published: October 2024

The world is under threat from microorganisms that have evolved resistance to currently available medicinal drugs and multidrug resistance among bacterial pathogens is becoming to be a serious public health issue worldwide. It is imperative to find or develop new antibiotics against Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species (ESKAPE) pathogens because they exhibit multidrug resistance and virulence through a variety of mechanisms. ESKAPE infections are often associated with increased global healthcare costs, morbidity, and illnesses. As a result, the utilization of naturally occurring bioactive agents offers a solution since these molecules are widely available and safe to employ during their use. Ricinoleic acid, an extract of seed oil that contains an unsaturated omega‐9 fatty acid and hydroxy acid, has garnered increasing interest due to its wide‐range antibacterial properties. Herein, we report the synthesis of polyethyleneimine‐ricinoleic acid‐based polymer (PEIRA) to battle against Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Acinetobacter baumannii (one among ESKAPE) and Staphylococcus aureus. The synthesized polymer showed efficient activity against MRSA, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus. A noticeable percentage inhibition against MRSA (74%), A. baumannii (73%), and S. aureus (81%) was achieved at 2.5 mg/mL. The time‐kill assay revealed that the PEIRA polymer exhibited a bacteriostatic effect against all the tested pathogens. Cytotoxicity assay on human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cell lines revealed the PEIRA has an IC 50 of 31.7 μg/mL and exhibited above 75% cell viability at the concentration 5 and 10 μg/mL were deemed nontoxic on HDF. Based on the investigation, the synthesized PEIRA polymer may have promising applications in the biomedical sector and hospital‐acquired infections (HAIs).
Evaluation of the off‐axis and on‐axis tensile creep behavior of glass‐fiber reinforced polymer unidirectional lamina
Authors: Gao Qinglin , Zhao Xueling , Sun Qing
Published: October 2024

The off‐axis creep behavior of glass‐fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) unidirectional lamina is crucial for engineering structural applications. A unified prediction model for time‐dependent off‐axis and on‐axis tensile creep strain in GFRP lamina is developed. The model, analogous in form to the one‐parameter plasticity model, accounts for off‐axis creep deformation separately for elastic and plastic response stages, incorporating a correction term to describe on‐axis creep deformation. The accuracy of the model is confirmed through tensile creep tests on unidirectional lamina at angles of 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 degrees. The model successfully predicts of creep deformation in the elastic and plastic response stages, respectively. The effects of creep stress, creep time, and off‐axis angle on the creep behavior are investigated. The optimal test angles for predicting off‐axis creep behavior using only two off‐axis angles' creep tests are analyzed. The dominant factors of creep behavior at various off‐axis angles are evaluated. The findings of the study include recommendations for lay‐up configuration and engineering applications of GFRP composites.

Highlights

A unified creep strain prediction model for GFRP lamina was developed.

Creep strain was calculated separately in elastic and plastic response stages.

The link between stress, time, angle and creep behavior was determined.

The optimal test angles for predicting off‐axis creep behavior were evaluated.
School support, perceived value and teachers' digital training adaptability: A multilevel moderated mediation model
Authors: Zhao Yaqian , Zhao Keyun , Wei Shiqi
Published: October 2024

Digital training has significantly transformed the landscape of teacher professional development, introducing various uncertainties. In this context, adaptability can play a crucial role in helping teachers cope with stress and effectively navigate new and changing scenarios. However, existing research on adaptability has not adequately addressed the specific challenges and opportunities presented by digital training, nor has it thoroughly explored the interplay between external factors and individual characteristics. Therefore, this study is based on job demands‐resources (JD‐R) theory to explore the school‐level (school support) and individual‐level (perceived value) predictors that influence teachers' digital training adaptability (DTA) and their mechanisms of action through hierarchical linear model. To this end, a questionnaire was administered to 552 teachers from 55 schools who had participated in digital training. The results of multilevel regression analyses show that (1) emotional support and cognitive support have a significant positive effect on teachers' DTA; (2) perceived value plays a mediating role in the relationship among emotional support, cognitive support, and teachers' DTA; and (3) emotional support weakens the relationship between perceived value and teachers' DTA, but cognitive support enhances this relationship. The study discusses these results further to propose feasible recommendations for building a community that improves the support system and adopts evidence‐based policy‐making to enhance the effectiveness and relevance of training, thereby improving teachers' DTA.
Different predictors of high school students' mathematics achievement
Authors: Gülşen Turgut İlknur , Bakır Nur Şebnem
Published: October 2024

This study examined the relationships between factors contributing to high school students’ mathematics achievement. Three hundred fourteen high school students participated in the study. We collected the data through the “Self‐Efficacy Scale for Mathematics Literacy,” “Bidimensional Mathematics Anxiety Scale,” “Mathematics Self‐Efficacy Scale,” “Attitudes Towards Mathematics Scale Short Form,” and mathematics exams. For this purpose, we proposed a theoretical model and tested the assumptions based on the model with path analysis. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between mathematical literacy self‐efficacy with mathematics self‐efficacy perception and attitudes towards mathematics. In addition, mathematics self‐efficacy perception had a positive and significant relationship with attitudes towards mathematics and a negative and significant relationship with mathematics anxiety. Also, attitudes towards mathematics had a positive and significant relationship with mathematics achievement, and mathematics anxiety had a negative and significant relationship with mathematics achievement. For every individual to use mathematics to meet basic life skills, all stakeholders of education, especially teachers, need to understand its importance, resources and how they can empower individuals in this aim. The relationships revealed in this study will serve the development of this understanding.
School psychology graduate students' perspectives on multicultural training and program environment
Authors: Malone Celeste M. , Barclift MyLea , Heidelburg Kamonta
Published: October 2024

School psychology training programs are vital to promoting culturally responsive and equity‐centered practices. However, research on multicultural training in school psychology tends to be based on faculty reports, often excluding graduate students' perspectives. The present investigation sought to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of multicultural training in school psychology. A sample of 108 graduate students completed the Multicultural Environmental Inventory‐Revised and a training experiences questionnaire to explore their perspectives on the models and methods used for school psychology multicultural training, perceptions of their program's multicultural environment, and the extent to which these perceptions are associated with programs' multicultural training offerings. Results indicate that almost all participants reported that their programs provided multicultural training. However, there was limited discussion of diversity regarding age, gender identity, national origin, and religion, and of social justice topics. Additionally, there were differences in perceptions of multicultural program environment by race, sexual orientation, and political ideology. Findings of this study suggest that programs should emphasize social justice and skills‐based instruction and create program environments that support the development of cultural competence. Recommendations for enhancing multicultural training and creating inclusive program environments are provided.
Understanding the Intersection of Identity and Cancer Experience Among Racially, Ethnically, Gender and Sexual Minoritized Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer
Authors: Hanson Kaitlyn , Hatala Andrew , Zohair Mirha , Scott Ian , Ramasamay Vinesha , Wilson Kristin , van Velzen Roxanne , Tayabee Zeba , Schulte Fiona , Stirling Morgan , Louis Deepak , Lix Lisa M. , Garland Allan , Mahar Alyson , Oberoi Sapna
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs, 18–39 years) with cancer identifying as racially/ethnically minoritized or 2SLGBTQIA+ (Two‐Spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual and “+” referring to other queer identities) have been underrepresented in cancer research. This study explores the aspects of identity that hold significance for these minoritized AYAs and how these facets impact their healthcare experiences.

Methods

Eligible participants comprised English‐speaking AYAs who self‐identified as racially/ethnically minoritized and/or 2SLGBTQIA+, were diagnosed with cancer between the ages of 15–39, currently aged > 18, and had received or were receiving cancer care within Canadian healthcare system. Additionally, four patient partners meeting the same criteria were recruited as research collaborators. Semi‐structured one‐on‐one virtual interviews guided by an interview script were conducted, and qualitative analysis employed a framework approach.

Results

We recruited 23 participants from 4 Canadian provinces (mean age: 28, Range: 20–44); 17 identified as racially/ethnically minoritized, one as sexual/gender minoritized, and five as racially/ethnically and sexually/gender minoritized. Participants emphasized that their culture/ethnicity, religion/spirituality, sexuality, gender, family, career, and being an immigrant are important aspects of their identity, with only one participant recognizing their identity as a “person with cancer”. A cancer diagnosis altered the aspects of identity deemed most significant by participants. Both visible and invisible aspects of identity shaped participants' experiences and influenced their level of trust in the healthcare system.

Conclusion

Racially, ethnically, gender, or sexually minoritized AYAs with cancer place considerable importance on aspects of their identity that are shaped by their respective communities. Recognizing and respecting these identities are paramount for healthcare professionals to deliver safe and inclusive care.
Material Transfer and Contact Optimization in MoS2 Nanotube Devices
Authors: Schock Robin T. K. , Obloh Stefan , Neuwald Jonathan , Kronseder Matthias , Möckel Wolfgang , Malok Matjaž , Pirker Luka , Remškar Maja , Hüttel Andreas K.
Published: October 2024

While the promise of clean and defect‐free nanotubes as quantum electronic devices is obvious, ranging from strong spin–orbit interaction to intrinsic superconductivity, device fabrication still poses considerable challenges. Deterministic transfer of transition metal dichalcogenide nanomaterials and transparent contacts to the nanomaterials are nowadays highly active topics of research, both with fundamental research and applications in mind. Contamination from transport agents as well as surface adsorbates and surface charges play a critical role for device performance. Many techniques have been proposed to address these topics for transition metal dichalcogenides in general. Herein, their usage for the transfer‐based fabrication of nanotube devices is analyzed. Further, different contact materials are compared in order to avoid the formation of a Schottky barrier.
The first kind of predictability problem of El Niño predictions in a multivariate coupled data‐driven model
Authors: Qin Bo , Yang Zeyun , Mu Mu , Wei Yuntao , Cui Yuehan , Fang Xianghui , Dai Guokun , Yuan Shijin
Published: October 2024

El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant atmosphere–ocean coupled mode of year‐to‐year variations in the tropical Pacific. It shows diverse spatiotemporal characteristics and casts major influences on seasonal predictions of global weather–climate extrema. Despite numerous dynamical and statistical models for ENSO prediction and predictability studies, they are commonly subjected to one‐to‐three issues among less skillful simulation of El Niño diversity, huge requirements of computational resources and a low robustness in statistics. Here, an efficient deep‐learning model involving nonlinear coupling of multiple variables is independently developed to study the predictability of two types of El Niño events related to initial uncertainty, which is the first kind of predictability problem. The model can skillfully simulate statistically robust features of observed El Niño diversity in terms of periodicity, amplitude, and seasonal phase‐locking. Using this model, we have revealed mathematically several new types of fastest‐growing initial errors in two types of El Niño predictions based on a novel concept of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP), especially including one that can strengthen central Pacific types of events, which is rarely investigated before. Moreover, CNOPs are superimposed into a numerical model, GFDL CM2p1, for comprehensive validation and growth mechanism mining, which demonstrates the consistent dynamical evolution of initial errors in both numerical and AI models. Our study represents the first attempt to explore the first kind of ENSO predictability problem from perspectives of nonlinear error‐evolving dynamics using a data‐driven model. This is of great importance as it offers us sufficient confidence to perform ENSO‐related (such as the Madden–Julian Oscillation, etc.) mechanisms and predictability studies in the future without strongly relying on dynamical numerical models.
Molecular Simulation and Impact of Solvent‐Based Analysis of 2‐Methoxy‐4‐Allylphenol (Eugenol) Targeting Progesterone Receptor for Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Arumugam Karthick , Zochedh Azar , Chandran Kaliraj , Sultan Asath Bahadur , Kathiresan Thandavarayan
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer‐related morbidity and mortality among women globally. It arises from the abnormal proliferation of cells within breast tissue and can manifest in several subtypes, classified by the expression of hormone receptors. The main objective of this work is to assess the effect of solvent on 2‐methoxy‐4‐allylphenol's (2M4AP) in quantum chemical calculations and ability of 2M4AP to bind with the proteins associated with breast cancer. The non‐toxic nature of 2M4AP was initially validated through drug‐likeness studies and it complies with Lipinski's criteria. The optimization of 2M4AP structure was carried out in gas and liquid phase in DFT technique with B3LYP/6‐311++G (d, p) level. Then the electronic spectrum was calculated in TD‐DFT technique and the transition was determined to be n → σ*. The steadiness, charge dispersal and electronic properties were assessed and the band energy value was calculated to be 5.58 eV (gas) and 5.64 eV (liquid), exhibiting a stable confirmation of 2M4AP structure. Topological characteristics exhibited the intermolecular connections of 2M4AP along with electronic features. From the simulated results, the effect of solvent (water) in 2M4AP was very minimal and the structure is stable in both gas and liquid phase. Further, the docking studies, 2M4AP exhibited highest binding score of −7.3 kcal/mol with progesterone receptor, confirming the better ability of 2M4AP to react in hormone‐positive breast cancer. The Ramachandran plot confirms the stability of interacted amino acids with the ligand molecule. Thus, 2M4AP can be considered as a potent candidate for treatment of breast cancer after clinical studies.
Factors related to the recruitment and retention of ethnic minority teachers: What are the barriers and facilitators?
Authors: See Beng Huat , Gorard Stephen , Gao Yiyang , Hitt Loraine , Siddiqui Nadia , Demie Feyisa , Tereshchenko Antonina , El Soufi Nada
Published: October 2024

This paper reports on the findings of a comprehensive structured review of the factors that can help explain and perhaps improve the recruitment and retention of ethnic minority teachers in schools. This issue has been a policy concern in several countries. The review followed a conventional protocol, beginning with a search of key educational, psychological and sociological databases, followed by intensive screening and weighting the strength of evidence of each included report. Fifty‐one studies relevant to the research question were finally included in the review. There is strong evidence that the ethnic match between school leaders and teachers is strongly linked to the hiring and retention of minority ethnic teachers. Although there is some evidence that the student ethnicity of the school may be an important factor in the retention of ethnic minority teachers, this chiefly applies to Black teachers in the studies found from the USA. The entry qualifications and assessment criteria for certification to teach were deemed potential barriers to ethnic minority prospective teachers entering teaching. There is no good evidence that alternative certification of teachers increased the probability of ethnic minority teachers being hired or retained, but there are certain supportive features of alternative pathways that could improve their chances.
Effects of sustainable innovation on stakeholder engagement and societal impacts: The mediating role of stakeholder engagement and the moderating role of anticipatory governance
Authors: Chen Lei , Qalati Sikandar Ali , Fan Mingyue
Published: October 2024

While sustainable innovation practice is encouraged in enterprises belonging to the manufacturing sector for reducing their carbon footprint and mitigating negative ecological impacts, there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding the effects of sustainable innovation. Hence, this study attempts to investigate the influence of sustainable innovation on stakeholder engagement and societal impact. Additionally, in the study, an attempt is made to bring forth insights into mediation and moderation of SE, and anticipatory governance, respectively. Based on an analysis of cross‐sectional data from 456 Chinese individuals, our empirical results, using partial least square structural equation modeling, reveal significant influences of sustainable innovation on stakeholder engagement and societal impacts. Furthermore, though stakeholder engagement partially mediates the sustainable innovation–societal impact relationship, moderation by anticipatory governance is significant on the sustainable innovation–stakeholder engagement relationship. These findings provide invaluable insight to the policymakers in China to set regulations and incentives that will allow the birth of sustainability in manufacturing industries.
New Quadratic Discriminant Analysis Algorithms for Correlated Audiometric Data
Authors: Guo Fuyu , Zucker David M. , Vaden Kenneth I. , Curhan Sharon , Dubno Judy R. , Wang Molin
Published: October 2024

Paired organs like eyes, ears, and lungs in humans exhibit similarities, and data from these organs often display remarkable correlations. Accounting for these correlations could enhance classification models used in predicting disease phenotypes. To our knowledge, there is limited, if any, literature addressing this topic, and existing methods do not exploit such correlations. For example, the conventional approach treats each ear as an independent observation when predicting audiometric phenotypes and is agnostic about the correlation of data from the two ears of the same person. This approach may lead to information loss and reduce the model performance. In response to this gap, particularly in the context of audiometric phenotype prediction, this paper proposes new quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) algorithms that appropriately deal with the dependence between ears. We propose two‐stage analysis strategies: (1) conducting data transformations to reduce data dimensionality before applying QDA; and (2) developing new QDA algorithms to partially utilize the dependence between phenotypes of two ears. We conducted simulation studies to compare different transformation methods and to assess the performance of different QDA algorithms. The empirical results suggested that the transformation may only be beneficial when the sample size is relatively small. Moreover, our proposed new QDA algorithms performed better than the conventional approach in both person‐level and ear‐level accuracy. As an illustration, we applied them to audiometric data from the Medical University of South Carolina Longitudinal Cohort Study of Age‐related Hearing Loss. In addition, we developed an R package, PairQDA, to implement the proposed algorithms.
Determining the Minimal Important Change of the Recap of Atopic Eczema (RECAP) Instrument in Clinical Trials
Authors: Baker Arabella , Stuart Beth , Howells Laura , Mitchell Eleanor J. , Thomas Kim S.
Published: October 2024

Background

The Recap of atopic eczema (RECAP) is a patient-reported instrument designed to assess eczema control. There is a lack of evidence on the interpretability of change scores in clinical trials.

Objectives

To calculate the smallest detectable change (SDC) in RECAP and estimate the minimal important change (MIC) for RECAP using various calculation methods in three eczema clinical trial datasets.

Methods

In this study, four anchor-based methods (within-person score change, between-patient score change, predictive modelling, receiver operating characteristic curve) and a distribution-based method (effect size) was used to determine the MIC of RECAP. The trial datasets involved children (0–12 years), young people (13–25 years) and adults (>25 years) with all eczema severities.

Results

A total of 698 participants were included in this study. The SDC was between 1.74 and 1.80. For the anchor-based methods, the patient global assessment anchor provided MIC values ranging from 2.35 to 3.94 and the patient oriented eczema measure anchor yielded values between 1.11 and 3.62. The MIC for the distribution-based method ranged from 2.66 to 3.06, respectively.

Conclusions

The interpretability of RECAP was improved by establishing MIC values and the following thresholds are suggested for interpreting changes in RECAP scores: <2.0 points is possibly a measurement error; 2.0–2.9 points denotes a small improvement that may be clinically relevant; 3.0–3.9 points indicates an improvement that is likely to be clinically important and ≥4.0 points is highly likely to represent a clinically important change.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor a Inhibition Remodels the Transcriptional Signature of Lipid Metabolism in Psoriasis Non-Lesional Skin in 12 H Ex Vivo Culture
Authors: Luengas-Martinez Andrea , Ismail Dina , Paus Ralf , Young Helen S.
Published: October 2024

Background

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)-mediated angiogenesis is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. VEGF-A inhibitors are widely used to treat oncological and ophthalmological diseases but have not been used in psoriasis management. The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of VEGF-A inhibition in psoriatic skin remain unknown.

Objectives

To identify the genes and canonical pathways affected by VEGF-A inhibition in non-lesional and plaque skin ex vivo.

Methods

Total RNA sequencing was performed on skin biopsies from patients with psoriasis (n = 6; plaque and non-lesional skin) and healthy controls (n = 6) incubated with anti-VEGF-A monoclonal antibody (bevacizumab, Avastin®) or human IgG1 isotype control for 12 h in serum-free organ culture. Differentially expressed genes between paired control and treated samples with adjusted p-values <0.1 were considered significant. Gene ontology and ingenuity pathway analysis was used to identify enriched biological processes, canonical pathways and upstream regulators.

Results

VEGF-A inhibition upregulated the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Pathway enrichment analysis identified the activation of pathways involved in fatty acids and lipid biosynthesis and degradation in non-lesional skin and ferroptosis in plaque skin. VEGF-A inhibition downregulated endothelial cell apoptosis in non-lesional psoriasis skin and members of the interferon family were identified as potential regulators of the effects of VEGF-A inhibition in non-lesional skin.

Conclusion

Early response to VEGF-A inhibition is associated with changes in lipid metabolism in non-lesional psoriasis skin and cellular stress in psoriasis plaque. More investigation is needed to validate these findings.