bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ocena preživetja bolnic z napredovalim epitelijskim rakom jajčnikov; ali je neoadjuvantna kemoterapija učinkovitejši način zdravljenja kot primarna citoreduktivna operacija?
Authors: Merlo Sebastjan , Pavlin Tina , Kovačević Nina
Published: February 2022

Izhodišča: Umrljivost zaradi raka jajčnikov je v svetu pomemben zdravstveni problem. Namen raziskave je bil primerjati uspešnost zdravljenja bolnic z napredovalim rakom jajčnikov z neoadjuvantno kemoterapijo pred operacijo ali s primarno citoreduktivno operacijo.

Metode: V retrospektivno raziskavo smo vključili bolnice, ki so bile zdravljene na Onkološkem inštitutu od januarja 2005 do decembra 2015 zaradi napredovalega epitelijskega raka jajčnikov (FIGO stadij IIIC/IV). Primerjali smo celokupno preživetje, petletno preživetje, obdobje brez ponovitve bolezni in uspešnost operacije glede na ostanek bolezni.

Rezultati: V raziskavo sta bili vključeni 302 bolnici, od katerih je 254 (84,1 %) bolnic prejelo kemoterapijo pred operacijo, 48 (15,9 %) pa jih je bilo zdravljenih s primarno citoreduktivno operacijo. Srednja starost preiskovank je bila 61 let (razpon 29–85 let). Celokupno preživetje bolnic in obdobje brez ponovitve bolezni v skupini, ki je prejela kemoterapijo pred operacijo, je bilo 24 in 9 mesecev ter 52 in 19 mesecev v skupini s primarno citoreduktivno operacijo. Pri bolnicah, zdravljenih s primarno citoredukcijo, je bilo petletno preživetje 35 %, pri bolnicah, zdravljenih s kemoterapijo pred operacijo, pa 15 %. V skupini s popolno primarno citoredukcijo, brez makroskopskega ostanka, in kemoterapijo po operaciji je bilo celokupno preživetje 54 mesecev, pri bolnicah, zdravljenih s kemoterapijo pred operacijo ter odloženo citoredukcijo brez makroskopskega ostanka pa 36 mesecev. Popolna primarna citoredukcija, brez makroskopskega ostanka, je bila narejena pri 35,4 % bolnic, po kemoterapiji pred operacijo pa se je popolna intervalna citoredukcija opravila pri 52,4 % operirank.

Zaključek: V raziskavi so imele najdaljše celokupno preživetje bolnice s popolno primarno citoredukcijo in kemoterapijo po operaciji. Če je bolnica prejela kemoterapijo pred operacijo, se je verjetnost popolne odložene citoredukcije brez makroskopskega ostanka povečala, vendar je bilo kljub temu celokupno preživetje krajše kot pri bolnicah s popolno ali optimalno primarno citoredukcijo.
Percepción de los jóvenes vinculados y egresados del sistema de protección acerca de su relación con la familia. Bienestar psicológico, atribuciones y expectativas académicas y laborales
Authors: López-Noguero Fernando , Gallardo-López José Alberto , Martínez-Sánchez Isabel , Vasco-González Margarita
Published: February 2022

La familia representa un apoyo fundamental para la evolución y la integración social de cualquier persona, más aún cuando se trata de población joven especialmente vulne­rable, como la vinculada o egresada del sistema de protección. Estos jóvenes se enfrentan a di­versas dificultades socioeducativas durante la etapa de transición a la vida adulta, dificultades relacionadas principalmente con el éxito educativo, laboral, la gestión de las emociones o la integración social. Para lograr una adecuada transición a la adultez desde una perspectiva de bienestar psicológico, teniendo en cuenta las atribuciones y expectativas de estos jóvenes so­bre el estudio y el trabajo, es fundamental centrar la atención en las relaciones socioafectivas que estos establecen con sus familias. El objetivo de investigación es indagar acerca de la percepción que tienen 102 jóvenes vinculados o egresados del sistema de protección, de dife­rentes comunidades autónomas de España, sobre cómo perciben sus relaciones familiares y las implicaciones para su bienestar psicológico, así como para las atribuciones y expectativas académicas y laborales. La metodología de investigación es cuantitativa, de tipo descriptiva, y sigue un diseño cuantitativo no experimental. Para la recogida de información se han utilizado los cuestionarios EVAP4, EDATVA y Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff. Los resultados de la investigación evidencian que una buena relación familiar se relaciona con unas atribu­ciones y expectativas educativas y laborales positivas. Además, la relación familiar influye en cuestiones relacionadas con el bienestar psicológico de estos jóvenes, concretamente, con la autoaceptación y con el propósito en la vida. En este sentido, las puntuaciones más altas ob­tenidas en la subescala “autoaceptación” se relacionan directamente con una buena relación familiar. Por otro lado, si atendemos a la subescala de bienestar psicológico “propósito en la vida”, encontramos que las personas que obtienen puntuaciones especialmente altas mani­fiestan tener buena relación familiar. Entre las principales conclusiones del estudio, destaca la relevancia de establecer buenas relaciones familiares como eje vertebrador de apoyo para la inserción socioeducativa de este colectivo.
On the impact of state factor upon competition in the banking sector
Authors: Kurdyumov Mikhail Dmitrievich
Published: February 2022

This article explores the impact of the state upon competition in the banking sector through the issuance of legal acts and state participation in the capital of banks. The author reviews the peculiarities of the legal writing of the acts that establish the criteria for the admission of banks to banking operations. The article examines the legal positions of the Federal Antimonopoly Service and the Central Bank in cooperation with the position of the Government of the Russian Federation. Analysis is conducted on the law enforcement practice on the issue of bringing to responsibility for anti-competitive actions that involve the market of banking services. The author considers the peculiarities of legal status of individual participants on the market of banking services that are essential for the competition. It is substantiated that the state has strong impact upon competition in the banking sector through the issuance of legal acts and via participation in the capital of banks. The aspects of inequality in the legal status of banks, among which is the factor of state participation in the capital, are currently neglected. In certain instances, state participation is indirectly recognized as a factor that indicates reliability of the bank, while the antimonopoly regulation proceeds from the opposite; this contradiction should be eliminated. In practice, state-owned banks hold dominant position in the banking sector of the economy. Sberbank deserves particular attention as the largest bank in the region in economic terms, as well as a special legal phenomenon, subcategory within the category of commercial banks in theoretical and legal terms. Despite the actual importance of state-owned banks, such organizations do not form a separate legal category due to the heterogeneity or absence of clear idea of the state-owned bank.
Adaptasi dan validasi Skala Stres Peran (Role Stressor Scale) dalam budaya Indonesia: Eksplorasi ekuivalensi konstruk dan Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Authors: Febriana Silvia Kristanti Tri , Fajrianthi Fajrianthi , Suhariadi Fendy
Published: February 2022

This study aims to conduct instrument adaptation of role stressor scale developed by Peterson et al. (1995) in the Indonesian language and culture. The research was performed in two studies. In study 1, the translation process and a construct equivalence test was carried out involving 6 translators, 3 expert reviewers, and 10 laypeople for cognitive debriefing. Study 2 involved 232 subjects of workers in Indonesia and examined the validity using confirmatory factor analysis. The entire adaptation process refers to the procedures of the 2016 International Test Commission (ITC) Guidelines for Test Adaptation. The CFA results showed that the measurement models of the role stressor instrument fitted the 3 factors model. Overall, this study showed that the Indonesian version of the role stressor instrument is valid and reliable, therefore, it can be utilized to measure the role stressors in Indonesia
Stripe phase in high-Tc superconductor FeSe/SrTiO3
Authors: Yuan Yong-Hao , Xue Qi-Kun , Li Wei ,   State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,   Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 China,   Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China,   Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
Published: February 2022

The enhancement of superconductivity in one unit-cell FeSe grown on SrTiO3 is an important discovery in high-temperature superconductivity. In this system, the crucial role of the SrTiO3 substrate has been extensively studied. Its contribution mainly manifests in two aspects: charge transfer and interfacial electron-phonon coupling. However, study of the intrinsic properties of the FeSe thin film itself is still insufficient. In this article, we review the latest research progress of the mechanism of the enhancement of superconductivity in FeSe/SrTiO3, covering the newly discovered stripe phase and its relationship with superconductivity. By using scanning tunneling microscope and molecular beam epitaxy growth method, we find that the electrons in FeSe thin film tend to form stripe patterns, and show a thickness-dependent evolution of short-range to long-range stripe phase. The stripe phase, a kind of electronic liquid crystal state (smectic), originates from the enhanced electronic correlation in FeSe thin film. Surface doping can weaken the electronic correlation and gradually suppress the stripe phase, which can induce superconductivity as well. More importantly, the remaining smectic fluctuation provides an additional enhancement to the superconductivity in FeSe film. Our results not only deepen the understanding of the interfacial superconductivity, but also reveal the intrinsic uniqueness of the FeSe films, which further refines the mechanism of superconductivity enhancement in FeSe/SrTiO3.
Seguimiento de artrópodos bioindicadores en áreas urbanas: objetivos, experiencias y perspectivas
Authors: Cabrero-Sañudo Francisco José , Cañizares García Roberto , Caro-Miralles Elena , Gil-Tapetado Diego , Grzechnik Sandra , López-Collar Diego
Published: February 2022

Los bioindicadores han demostrado ser herramientas muy útiles para la evaluación del estado de perturbación o madurez de los ecosistemas, así como en la monitorización y detección de cambios en el entorno. Teniendo en cuenta una serie de criterios que justifican la calidad de los grupos bioindicadores, diversos taxones de artrópodos podrían ser considerados como óptimos. Existen varios estudios que utilizan a los artrópodos como bioindicadores, especialmente en zonas urbanas. Se exponen algunas experiencias de monitorización llevadas a cabo en los últimos diez años por el Grupo de Seguimiento de Biodiversidad UCM en el Campus Moncloa, un área periurbana situada en el noroeste de la ciudad de Madrid, relacionadas con el seguimiento de poblaciones de artrópodos (mariposas, hormigas y libélulas). Por último, se resumen algunas recomendaciones y perspectivas de futuro para el uso de artrópodos como bioindicadores en áreas urbanas.
Potential and Determinants of Groundwater Use in Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Deepika K. , Kumar D. Suresh , Ashok K. R. , Kannan Balaji , Duraisamy M.R.
Published: February 2022

Aims: To study the potential and determinants of groundwater use.

Study design: Purposive random sampling.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu and the survey was conducted during July 2021 and September 2021.

Methodology: The sample size selected for the study is 480 which includes 160 sample farmers from each region. Mean and simple regression analysis with regional dummy was used for the study.

Results: The groundwater was highly developed in the overexploited region. Among the farmers, it was highly developed among the medium farmers. The determinants of groundwater use on the farm are the overexploited region, farm size and cultivating water-loving crops of expecting higher income.

Conclusion: The groundwater is highly tapped in the overexploited region and mostly by the large farmers of the region. Sustainable groundwater management is essential for addressing the developing water scarcity problems. The optimal extraction of groundwater could be the solution for the groundwater depletion particularly in the overexploited regions of the district. It could be made possible my regulatory institutions. One could conclude that our policy focus may be tilted towards the water management practices and particularly in the regions of overexploited firka.
On the Efficiency of Modified Regression-type Estimators Using Robust Regression Slopes and Non-conventional Measures of Dispersion
Authors: Audu A. , Gidado A. , Dauran N. S. , Buda S. , Abdulazeez S. A. , Yunusa M. A.
Published: February 2022

Supplementary variables associated with the study variables have been identified to be helpful in improving the efficiency of ratio, product and regression estimators both at planning and estimation stages. The existing regression-based estimators are functions of regression slopes and known auxiliary variables which are sensitive to outliers. Zaman & Bulut [1] and Zaman [2] addressed the issue of regression slopes in the aforementioned estimators using robust regression slopes like Huber-M, Hampel-M, Least Trimmed Squares (LTS) and Least Absolute Deviation (LAD). However, their estimators still utilized known auxiliary functions which are also sensitive to outliers or extreme values. Similarly, Yadav and Zaman [3] suggested non-conventional robust parameters of auxiliary variable which are robust against outliers. However, the problems of effects of outliers on regression slopes were not considered. In this study, the estimators of Zaman & Bulut [1] and Zaman [2] estimators were modified using robust non-conventional measures and Yadav and Zaman [3] estimators were modified using robust regression slopes. The properties (Biases and MSEs) of the modified estimators were derived up to the first order of approximation using Taylor series approach. The efficiency conditions of the proposed estimators over the existing estimators considered in the study were established. The empirical studies were conducted using stimulation data to investigate the efficiency of the proposed estimators over the efficiency of the existing estimators. The results revealed that the proposed estimators have minimum MSEs and higher PREs among all the competing estimators for the simulated populations in the study. This implies that the proposed estimators are more efficient and can produce better estimate of the population mean compared to other existing estimators considered in the study.
Evaluation of Efficacy of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Prone Versus Supine Positions
Authors: Atef Homouda Abdallah , Elbahnasy Abdelhamid Mahmoud , Ahmed Omar Mohammed Adel
Published: February 2022

Aims: To compare between supine and prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the management of renal stones regarding stone free rate, operative time and fluoroscopy time.

Methodology: A retrospective analysis was performed in the period between January 2019 and January 2021 for patients underwent PCNL for renal stones 2 cm or more. They were 77 patients divided into two groups, group (A) prone 38 patients and group (B) supine 39 patients.

Results: the study demonstrated a significant difference in operation time which was (92.5 ± 24.85 min.) in prone group & (68.3 ± 22.90 min.) in supine group with p-value (<0.001), also significant difference in fluoroscopy time which was (258.0 ± 57.19 sec.) in prone group & (166.9 ± 46.60 sec.) in supine group with p-value (<0.001) with shorter operation and fluoroscopy time in the supine than the prone. The study has also demonstrated that there is no statistically significant difference between the two groups as regarding to stone free rate.

Conclusion: in patients with renal stones, 2 cm or more, supine PCNL has proved to be superior to prone PCNL as regarding operative and fluoroscopy time but no difference as regards stone free rate. However, Urologists should be familiar with the differences in the positions and be able to use the method appropriate for each patient.
Anti- Diabetic and Cytotoxic Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesised Using Boerhaavia diffusa
Authors: Keerthana M. B. Sai , Arivarasu Lakshminarayanan , Kumar S. Rajesh , Thangavelu Lakshmi
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Nanotechnology is the art of manipulating matter in terms of nano scale. It mainly aims at combining nanotechnology with drugs to improve the ability of a specific target. These materials are produced at nanoscale level as it is safe to administer in the body. Boerhaavia diffusa is a flowering plant which is also known as Punarnava. It is a herbal medicine that is used for pain relief. It has been used primarily for its anti-diabetic and diuretic properties. Zinc oxide nanoparticles is one of the prominent metal oxide nanoparticles which is used in applications of many research projects and industries. The synthesis using plant sources is used for the production of ZnO NPs due to its environmental, economic, and medicinal benefits.

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the anti diabetic and cytotoxic effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesised using Boerhaavia diffusa.

Materials and Methods: Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesised using Boerhaavia diffusa extract and Anti- diabetic activity was carried out using alpha amylase inhibitory activity and cytotoxic activity was done by brine shrimp lethality assay.

Results: The percentage of lethality was found to be 60%, 70%, 70%, 90%, 90%, and 0% in the 5 microliters, 10microliters, 20 microliters, 40 microliters, 80 microliters and 100 microliters concentration levels. Alpha amylase inhibitory activity was performed which showed better results indicating anti diabetic and cytotoxic activity. In anti diabetic inhibitory activity the values were 40%, 50%, 75%, 80% and 82% in 10mg/mL, 20mg/mL, 30mg/mL, 40mg/mL, 50mg/mL respectively. Both anti diabetic and cytotoxic effects showed prominent inhibitory effects.

Conclusion: Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesised using Boerhaavia diffusa exhibited  significant Anti -diabetic and cytotoxic activity in brine shrimp lethality assay showing emergence of a drug candidate for further research.
Prevalence of Clinically Missing Permanent Teeth Due to Agenesis and Secondary Factors among Patients between 8-17 Age Group Visiting a Private Dental Hospital - an Institutional Study
Authors: Padmaja S. , Ramani Pratibha , Reshma P. K.
Published: February 2022

Introduction:  Congenitally missing teeth or hypodontia is a condition where some of the adult teeth fail to develop. There have been theories involving genetic and environmental factors which lead to prevalence of permanent missing teeth. Missing teeth can affect the patients and cause many other problems such as malocclusion, periodontal damage, delay in bone growth, reduced mastication and unfavourable skeletal appearance. Thus having awareness about missing teeth and the eruption sequence dentists will be able to identify the missing teeth and correct the same.

Aim: The aim of this study is to analyse the prevalence of missing in the paediatric population between 8-17 years of age.

Materials and Methods: The data for the study n=4453 patients was collected by analysing the case sheets of patients who visited Saveetha Dental college from June 2019-  February 2021.The collected data was analysed and subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS software by IBM of version 23.

Results: From the results of the study, missing teeth in the 8 to 10 age group was highest in the second quadrant at 27.27% with most common missing teeth being left maxillary lateral incisor 15.76%, in the 11-13 age group it was highest in the third quadrant at 32.39% with most common missing teeth being left mandibular lateral incisor 16.37% and in the 14 -17 age group it was highest in first quadrant at 40.87%  with the most common missing teeth being right maxillary first premolar 15.08%. It is also observed that the most common cause of missing teeth in 8-10 age group is due to congenital absence at16.46%, in 11-13 age group due to trauma at 16.46% and in 14-17 age group due to caries at 18.90%.

Conclusion: Missing teeth is a very common dental anomaly encountered these days. From the present study it can be concluded that the most common cause of missing teeth was congenital absence of it. Larger community based studies should be conducted to estimate more precisely the causes for missing teeth. They are very important to be analysed so that they can prevent complications that can occur. In our study missing teeth is being analysed at an earlier age group of 8-17 reducing the chances of future complications.
Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Activity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Synthesised Using Mucuna pruriens
Authors: Aditya B. Sachin , Arivarasu Lakshminarayanan , Rajeshkumar S. , Thangavelu Lakshmi
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The genus Mucuna, belonging to the Fabaceae family, sub family Papilionaceae, includes approximately 150 species of annual and perennial legumes. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are manufactured worldwide in large quantities for use in a wide range of applications.Various studies have been done in this topic like determining the efficacies of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of aqueous leaf extract of Psidium guajava mediated biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Other studies have suggested that Obtaining biopeptides by enzymatic hydrolysis adds value to proteins of vegetative origin, such as Mucuna pruriens L. Thus it evaluated the effect of enzymatic digestion of protein derivatives obtained from M. pruriens L. Although a lot of studies have been done on Titanium dioxide nanoparticles and its various activities like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti diabetic, there are not many studies in the area of checking anti inflammatory and antioxidant activity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesised using Mucuna pruriens The aim of this study is to observe the antioxidant and anti inflammatory activity of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesised using Mucuna pruriens.

Materials and Methods: A titanium dioxide nanoparticle is synthesised using Mucuna pruriens, extract used to perform albumin denaturation assays and DPPH method, where % zone of inhibition increases as the concentration of nanoparticles increases.

Results: The Mucuna pruriens medicated titanium dioxide nanoparticle has positive antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Conclusion: The present study concluded that Mucuna pruriens mediated copper nanoparticle has good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity at its high concentration which is nearer to that of the standard drugs.
Correlation of Blood Sugar Levels and Chronic Periodontitis in Out-Patients Visiting a Dental Hospital
Authors: Naveenaa N. , Ramani Pratiba
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Periodontitis is the inflammation of the periodontium including periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. It is a multifactorial disease which is caused by the activity of microbial invasion followed by destruction of periodontal tissues. The major risk factor involved is smoking which increases the severity of the disease and other conditions like diabetes, immunocompromised state, medication and also genetic factors. Diabetes mellitus is a disorder which is characterized to have altered glucose or impaired lipid and carbohydrate mechanisms. Diabetes has been confirmed as a major risk factor for causing periodontitis.

Aim: To assess the correlation of blood sugar levels and chronic periodontitis in out-patients visiting a dental hospital.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among the outpatients of Saveetha dental college. The data was collected and analysed from a total number of 5,35,951 patients between June 2019 - February 2021 and the sample size was 65. The data was collected from DIAS (Dental Information Archiving Software) and statistically analysed using SPSS software.

Results: 52.3% of female population has chronic periodontitis where it was 47.7% in male population. From the age group of 21-30 years 20% of the chronic periodontitis individuals were diabetic, which was highest when compared to other age groups. The male population with 30.77% had diabetes and female population with 33.85% had diabetes.  

Conclusion: Within the limitation of the study, there exists a positive correlation between increased blood sugar levels and chronic periodontitis. And the presence of increased blood sugar levels were seen in the age groups 61-70 years and more commonly seen in the female population. So people with poorly glycemic controls must be considered as a risk factor for periodontitis and people with diabetes must be informed of the risk factors.
Anti-proliferative Potential of Erythrina indica Leaf Aqueous Extract against Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Kumaran V. Thiru , Raghunandhakumar S. , Ezhilarasan D. , Lakshmi T.
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Breast cancer is a type of cancer that arises in the cells of the breast. Breast cancer can develop in either the lobules or the ducts. Breast cancer might develop in the fatty tissue or fibrous connective tissue.

Materials and Methods: The effect of Erythrina indica (E.indica) on cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Briefly, the cells (1 × 105 cells/ml) were seeded in a 96 well microtiter plate with replications. Treatment was carried out for 24 with different concentrations (50-300 μg) of E.indica. The percentage of cell viability was calculated and plotted in graph. The cell morphological changes of E. indica leaf aqueous extract treated cells were observed under inverted phase contrast microscopy.

Results: The crude extract obtained from E.indica leaf greatly inhibits the cancer cell proliferation in dose dependent manner. We observed IC50 at 100 μg/ml of E. indica leaf aqueous extract treated for 24 hrs in breast cancer cells and also it induces apoptosis, which was confirmed by cell morphological changes evaluated using phase contrast microscope.

Conclusion: The results suggest that the E. indica leaf aqueous extract shows the potent anti-proliferative activity against breast cancer cells, and it might be a novel new anticancer drug for cancer therapy.
Anticariogenic Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles with Pterocarpus santa
Authors: Sabaritha A. , Arivarasu Lakshminarayanan , Kumar Rajesh , Thangavelu Lakshmi
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Nanoparticles (NPs) are used to minimise toxicity, increase bioactivity, improve targeting, and monitor the release profile of the encapsulated moiety in a variety of ways. Inorganic NPs such as Ag, Au, Ce, Fe, Se, Ti, and Zn hold a special position among NPs due to its versatile bioactivities in nanoforms.Selenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral.SeNPs have been studied in the treatment of oxidative stress and inflammation-related diseases such as arthritis, cancer, diabetes, and nephropathy.Medicinal plants have long been a valuable source of natural active constituents that have been used in products for preserving human health. Pterocarpus santalinus (Fabaceae) has been used as a folk medicine and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti- ulcer, and anti-cancer properties. The aim of the present work is to evaluate synergistic Anticariogenic properties of Pterocarpus santalinus (red sandalwood).

Materials and Methods: Anticariogenic activity of respective nanoparticles against the strain staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Enterococcus faecalis and s.mutans . MHA agar was utilized for this activity to determine the zone of inhibition. Muller Hinton agar was prepared and sterilized for 45 minutes at 120lbs. Media poured into the sterilised plates and let them stabilize for solidification. The wells were cut using the well cutter and the test organisms were swabbed.The nanoparticles with different concentrations were loaded and the plates were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. After the incubation time the zone of inhibition was measured.

Results: Agar well diffusion demonstrated that Pterocarpus santa significantly inhibited the growth of S.Aureus, S.mutans, E. faecalis and C.albicans . The increase in concentration increases the zone of inhibition.Data were implied as mean ± SEM with the level of statistical significance at p<0.05.

Conclusion: Selenium nanoparticles were synthesised from Pterocarpus santa and they are characterised .Their special study showed the potent anticariogenic activity against pathogens.
Investigation of Proapoptotic Effect of Digera muricata Leaf Extract against the Skin Cancer Cell Line (B16-F10)
Authors: Dhivyadharshini J. , Elumalai P. , Raghunandhakumar S. , Lakshmi T. , Roy Anitha
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Skin cancers, such as melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, frequently begin as changes in the skin. Cancer research continues to focus on finding tumor-selective and new anticancer drugs with fewer adverse effects. Digera muricata is a medicinal herb in the Amaranthaceae family that has antibacterial, antifungal, free radical scavenging function, anti tumor, and other valuable medicinal properties.

Aim: To investigate the pro-apoptotic effect of Digera muricata leaf extract against the skin cancer cell line.

Materials and Methods: MTT assay was used to determine the viability of B16-F10 cells treated with different concentrations (20-200μg) of Digera muricata leaf extract. Phase contrast microscopy was used to examine the morphological changes. In addition, the mode of cell death was assessed using AO/EtBr dual staining and observed under a fluorescence microscope. Statistical analysis was performed, keeping the level of significance at p<0.05.

Results: The MTT assay revealed that the ethanolic extract of Digera muricata leaf had significant cytotoxic and apoptotic potency against the B16-F10 skin cancer cell line, which was validated by significant morphological alterations under phase contrast microscope after 24 hours of treatment. AO/EtBr dual staining results clearly showed the Digera muricata leaf extract treatment induced the early apoptotic cells with bright orange areas of condensed or fragmented chromatin in the nucleus. Late apoptotic cells showing uniform bright red nucleus.

Conclusion: Within the limits of the analysis, it can be inferred that the leaf extract of Digera muricata was cytotoxic and triggered cancer cell apoptosis at a concentration of 50 μg/ml within 24 hours. More research is needed to understand the cytotoxicity mechanisms of this plant extract.
Ameloglyphics why Not with Stains?- An Observational Study
Authors: Yasothkumar Dinesh , Arthanari Abirami , Ramani Pratibha , George A. Melvin
Published: February 2022

Background: In forensic Odontology, the term ameloglyphics refers to the study of enamel rod end patterns. These enamel rod end patterns are specific and are different for each individual. Enamel is the hardest tissue and it is resistant to several environmental factors like fire, acid exposure and microbial decomposition.

Aims: This study was done to evaluate various stains and staining methods in tooth prints under stereomicroscope. The purpose of the study is to find out the utility of several stains for studying the enamel rod end patterns in forensic Odontology.

Methods: Twenty seven freshly extracted maxillary premolars were collected for the study from the Department of Oral & maxillofacial Surgery. All the teeth collected were irrespective of age to avoid the bias related to different enamel characteristics of deciduous teeth.

Results: In our study, hematoxylin and toluidine blue showed the surface score of 7 out of 9 which was the highest when compared to remaining stains. On comparing 3 different staining methods using hematoxylin and toluidine blue stains in soak method showed superior score when compared to other two methods.

Conclusions: To conclude, Ameloglyphics patterns can be studied by staining the tooth. Hematoxylin and toluidine blue stains can be used for studying the Ameloglyphics pattern. Soak method of staining the tooth can be done to study the pattern. Ameloglyphics patterns can play an important role in personal identification using staining methods and shows promising future in field of forensics.
Blue Tea Mediated Synthesis and Characterisation of Copper Nanoparticles: An In-vitro Study
Authors: George Rinki Susan , Rajasekar Arvina , Rajeshkumar S.
Published: February 2022

Background: Nanoparticles (NPs) are often regarded as essential components of nanotechnology. Butterfly-pea flower tea, often known as Blue Tea, is a caffeine-free or herbal tea produced from an infusion of the Clitoria ternatea plant's flower petals. In the creation of nanoparticles, plant extracts may act as reducing and stabilizing agents.

Aim: The study's goal was to evaluate the characterization of copper nanoparticles derived from blue tea.

Materials and Methods: The green synthesis approach was used to make the blue tea mediated copper nanoparticles. UV spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine morphological characteristics such as form and size of the green produced copper nanoparticles.

Results: The results revealed that the nanoparticles mediated by blue tea extract were eco-friendly, excellent, and non-toxic. Copper nanoparticles were well disseminated and crystalline in nature, according to TEM pictures. Copper nanoparticles were spherical in shape. The particles were 5-10 µl in size. The TEM image showed that nanoparticles were not mixed, but were separated by equal interspaces between them, as validated by microscope visualization at a greater resolution.

Conclusion: Using blue tea, a simple, biological, and low-cost method for the manufacture of copper nanoparticles was developed in this study. To determine the efficacy of these nanoparticles, the generated copper nanoparticles can be exposed to several biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic evaluation.
Comparison between Modified Triangular Flap and Envelop Flap Techniques for Surgical Removal of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar
Authors: Kumari Bharti , Punjabi Suneel Kumar , Lavina . , Mustafa Naeem , Iqbal Reham , Shams Salman
Published: February 2022

Objective: To compare postoperative outcomes in surgical extraction of mandibular third molar with envelop flap versus modified triangular flap.

Setting & Duration: Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Unit at Faculty of Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro. Study period was from January 2021 to December 2021.

Subject and Methods: A set of 60 individuals were sequentially assigned 30 to the Group A envelop flap and 30 to the Group B modified triangular flap for surgical removal of the mandibular third molar tooth. The demographic and clinical parameters was identified and recorded in proforma. The discomfort, swelling, and restricted mouth opening linked with an impacted mandibular third tooth are all assessed prior to surgery. The flap pattern employed for the extraction of the impacted lower third molar tooth, pain, and mouth opening was all reported on the proforma at the end of the procedure. On the seventh postoperative day, each patient was evaluated again.

Results: - The average age of patients in group A was 29.77±7.17 years and 28.20±6.28 years in group B. Mean pain score was significantly low in group A as compare to group B [0.87±0.86 vs. 2.93±0.87 p=0.0005]. Mean mouth opening was significantly high in group A than group B [12.86±3.59 vs. 6.12±1.67; p=0.0005].

Conclusion: In comparison to the envelope flap, the modified triangular flap was more effective when considering the postoperative periodontal state of the surrounding third molar and the dehiscence after wound recovery.
Effect of Processing Methods on the Nutritional Quality and Utilization of Ripe Papaya (Carica papaya L.)
Authors: Chuwa Caresma , Kamal Shilpa
Published: February 2022

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different processing methods on the nutritional quality of ripe papaya fruits. The fruits were processed into pulp and powder using standard procedures and the results revealed that some of the nutrients decreased after processing compared to fresh form. The heat-sensitive nutrients such as ascorbic acid and β-carotene were highly significantly affected by processing methods. The ascorbic acid decreased in pulp (55.95 mg/100 g) and powder (48.69 mg/100 g) compared to fresh (59.26 mg/100 g). The amount of β-carotene was noticed to drop (10.16 mg/100 g) and  (8.80 mg/100 g) for pulp and powder respectively compared to fresh (13.04 mg/100 g). On the other hand, non-heat sensitive nutrients (ash, fibre, protein, fat, titratable acidity, total carbohydrates, total energy, reducing sugars and total sugars) were significantly increased in powder compared with fresh and pulp The moisture content among others was significantly increase although highly significance difference (p˂0.05) observed in moisture between fresh (89.98 %), the pulp (91.60 %) and powder (8.20 %). The colour was recorded to be (L* 0.14, a* 2.30, b* 0.61), (L* 58.70, a* 7.41, b* 34.39) and (L* 41.32, a* 8.44, b* 30.13) for fresh, pulp and powder respectively. The products (pulp and powder) processed in this study can be used as food ingredients in food industries to produce hundreds of value-added products like papaya concentrate, jam, juice, syrup, cordial, crush, wine, confectioneries, bakery products, ready to cook instant food premixes as well as reconstituted products among others. The products produced in the current study are of low cost and affordable compared to commercial products of the same quantity and quality.
Near‐Field Investigation of Luminescent Hyperuniform Disordered Materials
Authors: Granchi Nicoletta , Spalding Richard , Lodde Matteo , Petruzzella Maurangelo , Otten Frank W. , Fiore Andrea , Intonti Francesca , Sapienza Riccardo , Florescu Marian , Gurioli Massimo
Published: February 2022

Disordered photonic nanostructures have attracted tremendous interest in the past three decades, not only due to the fascinating and complex physics of light transport in random media, but also for peculiar functionalities in a wealth of interesting applications. Recently, the interest in dielectric disordered systems has received new inputs by exploiting the role of long‐range correlation within scatterer configurations. Hyperuniform photonic materials, that share features of photonic crystals and random systems, constitute the archetype of systems where light transport can be tailored from diffusive transport to a regime dominated by light localization due to the presence of photonic band gap. Here, advantage is taken of the combination of the hyperuniform disordered (HuD) design in slab photonics, the use of embedded quantum dots for feeding the HuD resonances, and near‐field hyperspectral imaging with sub‐wavelength resolution in the optical range to explore the transition from localization to diffusive transport. It is shown, theoretically and experimentally, that photonic HuD systems support resonances ranging from strongly localized modes to extended modes. It is demonstrated that Anderson‐like modes with high Q/V are created, with small footprint, intrinsically reproducible and resilient to fabrication‐induced disorder, paving the way for a novel photonic platform for quantum applications.
Revealing Donor–Acceptor Interaction on the Printed Active Layer Morphology and the Formation Kinetics for Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells at Ambient Conditions
Authors: Jiang Xinyu , Chotard Pauline , Luo Kexun , Eckmann Felix , Tu Suo , Reus Manuel A. , Yin Shanshan , Reitenbach Julija , Weindl Christian L. , Schwartzkopf Matthias , Roth Stephan V. , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter
Published: February 2022

Slot‐die coating is a powerful method for upscaling the production of organic solar cells (OSCs) with low energy consumption print processes at ambient conditions. Herein, chlorobenzene (CB) and chloroform (CF) are compared as host solvents for printing films of the neat novel fused‐ring unit based wide‐bandgap donor polymer (PDTBT2T‐FTBDT), the small molecule nonfullerene acceptor based on a fused ring with a benzothiadiazole core (BTP‐4F) as well as the respective PDTBT2T‐FTBDT:BTP‐4F blend films at room temperature in air. Using CF printing of the PDTBT2T‐FTBDT:BTP‐4F active layer, OSCs with a high power conversion efficiency of up to 13.2% are reached in ambient conditions. In comparison to CB printed blend films, the active layer printed out of CF has a superior morphology, a smoother film surface and a more pronounced face‐on orientation of the crystallites, which altogether result in an enhanced exciton dissociation, a superior charge transport, and suppressed nonradiative charge carrier recombination. Based on in situ studies of the slot‐die coating process of PDTBT2T‐FTBDT, BTP‐4F, and PDTBT2T‐FTBDT:BTP‐4F films, the details of the film formation kinetics are clarified, which cause the superior behavior for CF compared to CB printing due to balancing the aggregation and crystallization of donor and acceptor.
The R&D cost of climate mitigation in agriculture
Authors: Fuglie Keith , Ray Srabashi , Baldos Uris Lantz C. , Hertel Thomas W.
Published: February 2022

Agriculture is responsible for 20%–25% of global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), which result from production practices and land use conversion. Supply‐side approaches for reducing emissions from agriculture rely on emissions‐saving technological change and environmental protection of carbon‐rich areas. This study investigates how productivity policies, in the form of higher agricultural research and development (R&D) spending, might affect GHG emissions from agriculture, and compares this to environmental policies that restrict agricultural land use or production practices that may cause environmental harm. Using simulations from a global economic model, we project outcomes in 2050 from a set of policy scenarios involving R&D and environmental policies, and combinations of the two. Outcomes of interest are net global GHG emissions, land use, agricultural production, food prices, the prevalence of food insecurity, and policy cost. We find that at the global level, more R&D spending to accelerate productivity growth reduces GHG emissions from land use change, but not as effectively as targeted environmental policies. However, accelerated productivity growth reduces the emissions intensity of agricultural production and, by lowering land rents, also reduces the cost of the environmental policy. Moreover, higher levels of productivity lower agricultural GHG emissions permanently, and by lowering global food prices, generally improve global food security. A policy scenario that is patterned after the EU Green Deal finds that policies that restrict agricultural factor inputs in order to reduce local environmental costs may, at the global level, increase agricultural GHG emissions and worsen food insecurity. These consequences could be avoided with higher EU R&D spending to accelerate agricultural productivity growth that is either factor neutral or biased toward saving production factors associated with negative environmental externalities.
The relative impact of socioeconomic position and frailty varies by population setting
Authors: Goodyer Elliot , Mah Jasmine C. , Rangan Apoorva , Chitalu Petronella , Andrew Melissa K. , Searle Samuel D. , Davis Daniel , Tsui Alex
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Frailty and socioeconomic position (SEP) are well‐established determinants of health. However, we know less about the contributions of frailty and SEP in older adults, especially in acute settings. We set out to answer how frailty and SEP might influence health outcomes in older people, comparing a population sample and patients managed by a speciality acute frailty service.

Methods

We used the Delirium and Population Health Informatics Cohort, a population sample of 1510 individuals aged ≥70 years from the London Borough of Camden and 1750 acute frailty patients. SEP was determined using the Index of Multiple Deprivation. Linear and Cox proportional hazard regression models were conducted to assess SEP on frailty, readmission, and mortality outcomes.

Results

In the population sample, SEP was significantly associated with frailty and mortality with successive increases in rate of death for each IMD quintile (HR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.49, P < 0.005). Increasing SEP, age, and admission status among hospitalized individuals were associated with greater frailty. For individuals seen by the speciality frailty service, SEP was not associated with frailty, mortality, or readmission.

Discussion

When older people experience acute illness severe enough to require secondary care, particularly specialist services, this overcomes any prior advantages conferred by a higher SEP.
The prevalence and impact of orthostatic intolerance in young women across the hypermobility spectrum
Authors: Peebles Karen C. , Tan Isabella , Butlin Mark , Collins Felicity , Tofts Louise , Avolio Alberto P. , Pacey Verity
Published: February 2022

Orthostatic intolerance (OI) is frequently reported in young women with generalized hypermobility spectrum disorder (G‐HSD) and hypermobile EDS (hEDS). However, it remains currently unclear whether OI is a comorbidity or fundamental part of the pathophysiology of G‐HSD or hEDS. This study investigated the prevalence and impact of OI in young women across the hypermobility spectrum. Forty‐five women (14–30 years, 15 controls, 15 G‐HSD, and 15 hEDS) undertook a head‐up tilt (HUT) and active stand test. Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) and Orthostatic Hypotension (OH) were assessed using age‐related criteria. Autonomic dysfunction and quality‐of‐life questionnaires were also completed. The prevalence of POTS was higher in women with G‐HSD than hEDS and control groups during HUT (43% vs. 7% and 7%, respectively, p < 0.05), but similar between groups during the active stand (47%, 27%, and 13% for G‐HSD, hEDS, and control, respectively). No participants had OH. hEDS and G‐HSD participants reported more severe orthostatic symptoms and poorer quality of life than controls. Although POTS was observed in hypermobile participants, there is no conclusive evidence that its prevalence differed between groups due to differences between the HUT and active stand assessments. Nevertheless, OI and broader autonomic dysfunction impacted on their quality of life.