bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE CONNECTION BETWEEN REDDENING, GAS COVERING FRACTION, AND THE ESCAPE OF IONIZING RADIATION AT HIGH REDSHIFT∗
Authors: Reddy Naveen A. , Steidel Charles C. , Pettini Max , Bogosavljević Milan , Shapley Alice E.
Published: September 2016

Using a large sample of spectroscopically confirmed

galaxies, we establish an empirical relationship between reddening (

), neutral gas covering fraction (

), and the escape of ionizing (Lyman continuum, LyC) photons. Our sample includes 933 galaxies at

of which have deep spectroscopic observations (

hr) at

Å with the Low Resolution Imaging Spectrograph on Keck. The high covering fraction of outflowing optically thick

indicated by the composite spectra of these galaxies implies that photoelectric absorption, rather than dust attenuation, dominates the depletion of LyC photons. By modeling the composite spectra as the combination of an unattenuated stellar spectrum including nebular continuum emission with one that is absorbed by

and reddened by a line-of-sight extinction, we derive an empirical relationship between

and

. Galaxies with redder UV continua have larger covering fractions of 

characterized by higher line-of-sight extinctions. We develop a model which connects the ionizing escape fraction with

, and which may be used to estimate the ionizing escape fraction for an ensemble of galaxies. Alternatively, direct measurements of the escape fraction for our sample allow us to constrain the intrinsic LyC-to-UV flux density ratio to be

, a value that favors stellar population models that include weaker stellar winds, a flatter initial mass function, and/or binary evolution. Last, we demonstrate how the framework discussed here may be used to assess the pathways by which ionizing radiation escapes from high-redshift galaxies.
RECONCILING THE ORBITAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MARTIAN MOONS
Authors: Ronnet T. , Vernazza P. , Mousis O. , Brugger B. , Beck P. , Devouard B. , Witasse O. , Cipriani F.
Published: September 2016

The origin of Phobos and Deimos is still an open question. Currently, none of the three proposed scenarios for their origin (intact capture of two distinct outer solar system small bodies, co-accretion with Mars, and accretion within an impact-generated disk) are able to reconcile their orbital and physical properties. Here we investigate the expected mineralogical composition and size of the grains from which the moons once accreted assuming they formed within an impact-generated accretion disk. A comparison of our results with the present-day spectral properties of the moons allows us to conclude that their building blocks cannot originate from a magma phase, thus preventing their formation in the innermost part of the disk. Instead, gas-to-solid condensation of the building blocks in the outer part of an extended gaseous disk is found as a possible formation mechanism as it does allow reproducing both the spectral and physical properties of the moons. Such a scenario may finally reconcile their orbital and physical properties, alleviating the need to invoke an unlikely capture scenario to explain their physical properties.
El Manifiesto de Fernando Chueca Goitia. Algunas consideraciones en torno a la autoría del manifiesto de La Alhambra
Authors: Martínez González Javier
Published: September 2016

El Manifiesto de la Alhambra (1953) es uno de los textos más singulares de la historiografía arquitectónica española del siglo XX. Esta condición le ha hecho objeto de diversos estudios, ninguno de los cuales ha llegado a abordar con detenimiento la cuestión de su autoría. Aunque el Manifiesto venía firmado por veinticuatro arquitectos españoles, uno de ellos –Fernando Chueca Goitia– lo consideró siempre como obra suya. Entonces, ¿a quién debe atribuirse realmente el texto? ¿A los veinticuatro firmantes, o a uno solo de ellos? El estudio de la trayectoria e intereses del arquitecto e historiador español y, principalmente, el análisis detenido de la composición y contenido del texto, permite establecer el papel que Chueca Goitia desempeñó en la génesis del Manifiesto de la Alhambra, y valorar en qué medida y hasta qué punto pudo considerarlo una obra suya.
Surface Reinforcement on Aluminium Matrix by Hybrid Nanocomposites via FSP: A Review
Authors: Gobikannan S. , Gopalakannan S.
Published: September 2016

Aluminium hybrid composites are identified as new generation of metal matrix composites for its good strength to weight ratio and good corrosion resistance properties. However their mechanical properties and tribological properties are still lower than that of commonly applied materials. Hence it is necessary to improve the surface qualities of aluminium matrix and makes it suitable for engineering applications. Friction stir processing (FSP) is an emerging technique which can be used to make surface composites. While FSP of different alloys has been considerably reviewed, surface reinforcement by hybrid nanocomposites on aluminium matrix have not been wholesomely reviewed. The present review offers a comprehensive understanding of friction stir processed aluminium matrix hybrid nanocomposites. The available literature provide the details about the effect of process parameters, reinforcement particles, microstructural evolution during the fabrication of aluminium matrix hybrid nanosurface composites. Few research gaps in fabrication of aluminium matrix surface composites has been revealed in this review such as micro alloying with low melting point metals, defect free composites and interrelationship between process parameters.
Electro Chemical Machining of Aluminum-Boron Carbide-Nanographite Composites
Authors: Sankar M. , Gnanavelbabu A. , Rajkumar K. , Mariyappan M.
Published: September 2016

Non-traditional machining process had made possible the machining of hard to cut materials. Among several non-traditional processes electrochemical machining has been given attention since there occurs no burrs or tool wear. Composites with nano reinforcements had outclassed their counterparts in terms of the properties shown by the nano composites. In the present work aluminium matrix has been reinforced with boron carbide and nano graphite which is added as a solid lubricant to improve tribological properties. The composite is subjected to electrochemical machining with a view of optimizing the process parameters. The process involves introducing abrasive particles while machining which aids in machining. Optimization of process parameters was based on the response surface methodology techniques with four independent input parameters such as voltage, current, electrolytic concentration and feed rate and ECM process performance in terms of material removal rate and overcut.
Reinforcement of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate with Carbon Black/Silica Hybrid Filler Composites
Authors: Vishvanathperumal S. , Gopalakannan S.
Published: September 2016

Carbon black and silica have been used as the main reinforcing fillers that increase the usefulness of rubbers. In this work the effect of carbon black (high abrasion furnace)/silica hybrid fillers on the mechanical properties, crosslink density and morphological behaviour of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) was investigated. EVA reinforced with 0/50, 10/40, 20/30, 30/20, 40/10 and 50/0 phr of carbon black (CB)/silica hybrid filler. The total hybrid filler is kept constant at 50 phr (parts per hundred rubbers) and six different compounds were prepared. EVA, CB and silica followed by compounding on a two roll mill and molding at 180°C and 20 megapascal (MPa) pressure. The mechanical properties such as tensile & tear strength, elongation at break and 100% modulus have been measured at 23°C on universal testing machine. Abrasion resistance, hardness and rebound resilience are studied using DIN abrader, Shore A durometer and vertical rebound resilience respectively. The tensile strength, modulus, tear strength, abrasion resistance, hardness and crosslink density increased with the CB filler content in hybrid filler, reached the maximum value at 50 phr of high abrasion furnace carbon black. Morphological properties of composites were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy analysis.
An Approach towards Economized 3D Printing
Authors: Nayak Radharani , Bahubalendruni M.V.A. Raju , Biswal Bibhuti Bhusan , Chauhan Praniket Prakash
Published: September 2016

The growing demand for advanced manufacturing processes calls for reduction in manufacturing cost and manufacturing time. Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is one of the rapidly developing rapid Prototyping (RP) process. In this work an effort has made to make FDM process cost effective by replacing solid model with shelled model in-filled with user-defined parametric cellular structures. This approach helps in keeping a balance between material usages, build time and mechanical properties. The proposed method is implemented on a few specimens and results signify that 20-30% expensive build material as well as build time can be saved by this approach. The whole algorithm is based on .STL format, and is coded in MATLAB providing a versatile and widely acceptable platform.
On-Line Monitoring of Drill Wear in Machining of AISI 1040 Steel Using Virtual Instrumentation
Authors: Rajesh S. , Dhananchezian M. , Inian Roy A.
Published: September 2016

In this research work, an attempt is made to develop the on-line wear state monitoring system during drilling process on Vertical Machining Centre (VMC). The main objectives of the present work is to predict the drill wear states of High Speed Steel (HSS) drill bit during the drilling of a AISI 1040 Steel work piece using standard data acquisition software Lab VIEW by the application of Virtual Instrumentation (VI). The drill bit wear states were analyzed using spindle motor cutting current signals. The effective drill wear model have been developed using spindle motor cutting current signals and the various cutting parameters through Lab VIEW, to predict wear states of the drill-bit. The developed on-line drill wear process monitoring system has been used for the continuous monitoring of the drill-bit status, and to exhibit the drill wear states. It was found that the developed model show a good agreement with the experimental data where the deviation in drill-bit wear is less than 7% for varying cutting conditions.
A Study on Working Process of Wire-EDM by Using Two Different Dielectric Fluids on HCHCr Alloy Steel
Authors: Dinesh Kumar S.K. , Selvanayagam R. , Sivakumar M. , Krishnaraj S.
Published: September 2016

Wire electrical discharge machine (WEDM) is extensively used in machining of conductive material where precision is of prime importance. Machining operation in WEDM is treated as a challenging one because improvement of more than one Machining performance characteristics are sought to obtain precision work. This project illustrates the implementation of Taguchi technique to select the best optimal machining parameters of WEDM process using Copper powders. In general the machining parameters namely metal removal rate and the surface roughness are determined in WEDM process. The machining material chosen for the experiment is HCHCr alloy steel. Experiments were conducted as per Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal array under different cutting conditions of pulse on-time, pulse off-time, current and frequency and the results are compared. The level of significance of the machining parameters on the output characteristics is identified by Analysis of Variance. Finally this research concludes that the copper powder suspended demineralized water when used as dielectric gives higher MRR and lower Ra. Taguchi optimization is carried out to find the best combination of machining parameters to obtain the desired result
Analysis of the Effect of Process Parameters for Circularity and Cylindricity Errors in Turning Process
Authors: Singaravel B. , Marulaswami Chimmalagi , Selvaraj Thangiah
Published: September 2016

Turning is one of the fundamental machining operations and its process parameters leads to better machining performance. The economic benefit of turning operation is providing components with appropriate dimensional accuracy. In this work, the effects of process parameters on dimensional accuracy (circularity and cylindricity) parameters are analyzed in turning of EN25 steel. The process parameters considered are cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut in order to minimize circularity and cylindricity. The result revealed that the minimum dimensional accuracy error values such as circularity and cylindricity are obtained in the combination of higher value of cutting speed and lower value of feed rate and depth of cut. This analysis is used to meet the machined work piece within the tolerance limit and improve the quality criteria.
Prediction of Heat Generation during Friction Stir Welding of an Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Selvaraj M. , Selvakumar G.
Published: September 2016

The heat generation during friction stir welding process influences the material flow, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the friction stir welded plates. This paper proposes a model for predicting heat generation and heat flux during the friction stir welding of AA 6061 aluminium alloy. The heat generation as a function of temperature, heat flux at the shoulder as a function of temperature, radius of shoulder and rotational speed and heat flux at the pin as function of temperature, radius of shoulder and rotational speed have been discussed. It shows that heat generation is inversely proportional to temperature, the heat flux at the shoulder and pin are directly proportional to radius of shoulder and rotational speed and inversely proportional to temperature.
Thermal Modeling and Structural Analysis in Wire EDM Process for a 3D Model
Authors: Mohapatra Kasinath Das , Sahoo Susanta Kumar , Bhaumik Munmun
Published: September 2016

Wire EDM is one of the most non conventional machining processes used for cutting of different types of complex materials. Copper material in wire EDM has a wide application in several industries but its thermal and structural analysis in wire EDM has challenged the authors to model the work-piece and tools accurately using the software. The present work deals with the design of a 3 dimensional model of a work-piece material made of copper. The objective of the present work is to analyse the temperature, total heat flux and equivalent stress of the work-piece material using finite element analysis in ANSYS software. In the current work, a 3D model was designed with the Steady state thermal analysis and it was designed with the available experimental data using ANSYS workbench. The temperature and the total heat flux were calculated using this analysis. Another analysis is performed using Static structural to calculate the equivalent stress generated in the work-piece material using ANSYS. The model was developed for single spark only. Automated type of meshing and axi-symmetric type of geometry are considered for this experiment. The wire part is neglected and all the analysis is made on the work-piece only. XRD analysis is also performed on the work-piece material to know the crystallinity of the compound. Mesh Convergence test was also performed to determine the optimum solution for the requisite mesh. Finally the model was designed and various graphs were plotted for the temperature, total heat flux and equivalent stress of the material.
Dynamic Analysis of Banana Fibre Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Matrix Composite Using ANSYS and Optimization of Design Parameters
Authors: Dodiya Harikrushna , Venkatachalam G.
Published: September 2016

In the recent scenario, the focus for the environmental pollution and the piling of products from non-renewable and non-biodegradable resources has forced many researchers to develop new eco-friendly and biodegradable materials. In this work, banana fiber reinforced hybrid polymer matrix composite is fabricated and tested. Banana fiber is treated with various alkali solutions to modify surface properties in order to improve mechanical properties. Hybrid polymer is made from CNSL (Cashew Nut Shell Liquid) and Isotholic Polyester. Dynamic behavior of banana fibre reinforced hybrid polymer matrix composite is investigated by means of experimental and finite element analysis. Simulation of frequency response and dynamic displacement are carried out on banana fibre reinforced hybrid polymer matrix composite by ANSYS and it is compared with experimental results. Optimization of design parameter is carried out using ANOVA technique and design of experiment of Taguchi method is employed for better combination of the parameter.
Comparison of the Optimized Process Parameters of Double-Sided Friction Stir Welded Aluminium Alloy Joints Using Statistical and Evolutionary Techniques
Authors: Vignesh S. , Dinesh Babu P. , Balamurugan C. , Martin Vinoth S.
Published: September 2016

One of the most innovative solid state welding techniques used in the aerospace, automotive, defence, rail and marine industries is Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process, as it is used for joining aluminium, copper and magnesium alloys. The weld quality is decided by the FSW process parameters such as rotational speed, welding speed and pin profile. A regression model was developed relating the welding input parameters (tool rotational speed, welding speed and pin profile) and the output response parameters (tensile strength, hardness and toughness) based on the experiments carried out with the help of Response Surface Methodology. The obtained regression equations were used in determining the optimal welding process parameters. A new method, Elitist Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) based on evolutionary algorithm has been used in the optimisation. The optimum results gathered from the desirability approach through Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were compared with those obtained through the evolutionary algorithm. The results show that the proposed evolutionary method is much effective, faster than the desirability approach discussed in the work.
Grey Relational Analysis and Taguchi Method for the Parametric Optimization of Single Pass Friction Stir Welded Aluminum Alloy 7075-T6 Joints
Authors: Varun Kumar A. , Balasrinivasan M. , Dulkiflee Mohamed
Published: September 2016

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid state joining technique for both similar and dissimilar combination of materials. However, there is a scope in optimizing the process parameters involved in the FSW process. Taguchi based Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) has an impact in better optimization results when compared with other optimization techniques. In this present work totally 9 samples of single pass friction stir welded aluminium alloy were taken for the optimization process. The samples were subjected to various tool speeds and traverse speeds by keeping the axial force as constant. The experiments were planned using Taguchi’s orthogonal array selector in order reduce the multi responses involved in the FSW process. The final optimized values were correlated with the experimental values. It is revealed from results that the optimized process parameter showed a good agreement with the experimental values. The present work has also proved the feasibility of GRA in combination with Taguchi technique for better enhancement in the weldment and optimization of the process parameters.
Tensile Properties and Microstructure of Friction Stir Welded Cast Al-Mg-Sc Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Subbaiah K.
Published: September 2016

The mechanical behavior of Friction Stir (FS) welds made under the most favorable choice of parameters was determined using tensile tests and was correlated to the microstructures of the FS welded cast Al-Mg-Sc alloy plate and the base metal. FS Zones in the Cast Al-Mg-Sc specimens were much harder than the cast base metal. The global joint fractured in the base metal, and thus possessed greater tensile strength than the base metal. Component part joint samples with lesser gage length failed at the weld nugget. Microstructural evaluation of the alloy plates revealed that due to FS welding, fine and fragmented dynamically recrystallized grains have been formed in the weld nugget. The fine fragmented microstructure of the weld nugget was responsible for better tensile properties than the cast base metal. These results clearly show that FS welding is an optimum/suitable welding process for cast Al-Mg-Sc alloys.
Sliding Wear Analysis of a Metallic Coating on ABS Plastic Substrate
Authors: Nigam Shrutee , Patel Saroj Kumar , Mahapatra Siba Sankar
Published: September 2016

In the recent times efforts have been made to combine plastic and metal, and to bring forth a product that has the goodness of both. With metallization the plastic gains the properties like thermal conductivity, strength and hardness. Methods discovered are usually costly, complex and environment unfriendly. Metallization of plastics has opened the door for its use in various fields such as electronic industry, textile industry and automotive industry. Metallic coating are also desirable in providing finish on the items like cell phones and laptop cases. The electric arc spray approach has been used to deposit copper on the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). This work makes an extensive study to analyze the factors that are significantly affecting the wear nature of the deposited coating and to obtain an optimal combination of process parameters that results in a coating which adherant enough and has the lowest wear rate.
A Comparative Study on the Brass-Steel Tribo-Pair under Dry and Lubricated Sliding Conditions
Authors: Rajkumar K. , Vasudevan Saigopal , Subbiah N.
Published: September 2016

The wearing of bush made of brass in various applications is a cause for major concern. This study aims to analysing the various causes, mechanisms, environmental effects that influence the wearing and reduction in efficiency of the brass-steel sliding pair. The anti-friction and anti-wear properties are analysed under various conditions using a multitude of approaches. The particulate size of the dispersed lubricant (graphite and nanographite) and the temperature under which the experiment is being conducted is directly responsible for the sliding and wear properties of the brass specimen. The current studies and observations involved the use of a pin on disc apparatus, where the test specimen as the pin and slid against the steel plate (EN-31) at various speeds, loads, levels of lubrication and temperatures. The depth of wear under the different loading and sliding speeds are determined individually by means of an LVDT measurement.
Mechanical Properties of Almond Shell-Sugarcane Leaves Hybrid Epoxy Polymer Composite
Authors: Sabarinathan P. , Rajkumar K. , Gnanavelbabu A.
Published: September 2016

In this work agricultural wastages such as sugarcane leaves and almond shell particles were reused as reinforcement in polymer material. This paper revealed the effect of sugarcane leaves, and almond shell particle on mechanical property of polymer composites. Sugarcane leaves were chopped to size of 50mm*50mm and almond shell of average 1mm particle size were used to fabricate epoxy polymer composite by hand layup technique. Tensile, flexural and impact test were carried out to evaluate the mechanical property of the composite. Scanning electron microscopy study shows that uniform particle distribution and good bonding between particles and epoxy polymer.
A Structural Dynamic Approach to Evaluate Modulus of Elasticity of Cantilever Beam
Authors: Haneefa M.K. , Girish S. , Ranganath R.V. , Saikia B.
Published: September 2016

The modulus of elasticity is an important property of any structural member or machine component. It has a vital role in designing the structural components or machine components for their specific use. This paper discusses evaluation of modulus of elasticity of cantilever beams made out of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) using a structural dynamic approach – the free vibration test. The concept of free flexural vibration essentially involves setting up a specimen (beam) into ‘free vibration’ by imparting an initial condition, such that the specimen vibrates in its fundamental natural frequency. The digital data were stored using an efficient data acquisition system (Daisy lab version 5 software) and processed using Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) (Acceleration v/s Time). The fundamental natural frequencies thus obtained were used to evaluate dynamic modulus of elasticity of SCC specimens using well established basic equations of structural dynamics. The study revealed that the dynamic modulus of elasticity for the cantilever beams were equal to the initial tangent modulus obtained by conventional compresso-meter method as per ASTM C 469-02. Moreover, the free vibration tests exhibited high consistency and repeatability. This technique can be of potential use as Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) for monitoring the health of in situ structures or machine components.
Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of Newly Formulated Hybrid Polymer Composite
Authors: Anand G. , Dhinakaran R. , Elansezhian R. , Alagumurthi N.
Published: September 2016

In this paper, synthesis characterization and testing of hybrid polymer composite reinforced with electroless coated glass fiber is reported. The poly vinyl ester based composite is prepared with Electroless nickel phosphorus (Ni-P) coated glass fiber as the reinforcement. The glass fiber is coated with Ni-P by electroless plating method. The electroless Ni-P coating increases coating uniformity which in turn significantly improves properties such as hardness, strength and wear resistance of the glass fiber. Nano additives (0.5 wt.%) such as iron oxide, titanium oxide, copper oxide, aluminum oxide and zinc oxide are added into the matrix as fillers. The influence of different Nano fillers and its effect on the mechanical properties are examined. The result showed that after adding different nano particles, TiO2 exhibited better properties when compared to composites with other nano additives. The experimental results showed that after Ni-P coating on the glass fiber, the ultimate tensile strength and compressive strength improved by 18% and 10% respectively and TiO2 added PMC with 63%, 25% and 5% respectively.
Design and Analysis of a Glass Fibre Trolley
Authors: Singh Arjun , Deivanathan R.
Published: September 2016

This project is based on design and analysis of a glass fibre trolley, for carrying engineering components, other materials at an engine manufacturing plant. Currently AISI 1020 mild steel trolleys are used for moving the goods around the stores or assembly area. These are simple in design but hefty, with four rollers but no braking mechanism. Use of glass fiber as a trolley material is advisable. Stress analysis has been performed for a typical load. This project will ensure weight reduction as well as an improved design, that makes use of electro pneumatic braking system.
New Mechanism to Improve the Competence of Power Generation
Authors: Bharathkumar Adapala , Alphin M.S. , Selvaraj M.
Published: September 2016

This paper is regarding the reduction in the cost of electricity generation. This is achieved by using the proposed new mechanics/mechanism/machines as an intermediate, in the process of converting the source energy (Both Conventional Sources of Energy and Non-Conventional Sources of Energy, mainly solar energy and thermal energy from waste or the electricity itself) to electrical energy at truncated charge.
An Efficient Method to Generate Element Stiffness Matrix of Quadrilateral Elements in Closed Form on Application of Vehicle Analysis
Authors: Jeyakarthikeyan P.V. , Yogeshwaran R. , Sridharan Karthikk
Published: September 2016

This paper presents about generating elemental stiffness matrix for quadrilateral elements in closed form solution method for application on vehicle analysis which is convenient and simple as long as Jacobian is matrix of constant. The interpolation function of the field variable to be found can integrate explicitly once for all, which gives the constant universal matrices A, B and C. Therefore, stiffness matrix is no longer integration of the given functional, it is simple calculation of universal matrices and local co-ordinates of the element. So time taken for generation of element stiffness can be reduced considerably compared to Gauss numerical integration method. For effective use of quadrilateral elements hybrid grid generation is recommended that contains all interior element edges are parallel to each other (rectangle or square elements) and outer boundary elements are quadrilaterals with distortion. So in the Proposed method, the closed form and Gauss numerical method is used explicitly for interior elements and outer elements respectively. The time efficiency of proposed method is compared with conventional Gauss quadrature that is used for entire domain. It is found that the proposed method is much efficient than Gauss Quadrature.
Estimation of Spring-Back of Single Torus Inner Vessel Sector by Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Gupta Gagan , Balasubramaniyan V.
Published: September 2016

Inner vessel in reactor assembly of sodium cooled fast reactor separates hot and cold pool sodium. The shape of inner vessel is optimized with reduced upper & lower shell diameters and toroidal redan for future Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR). This results in higher buckling strength and reduced thickness and hence reduced weight. To achieve the intricate toroidal shape with specified dimensional tolerances, a comprehensive technology development exercise was carried out successfully for the manufacture of inner vessel 30° sector. The achieved profile of the redan meets the specified dimensions and other design requirements. Spring-back observed in the sector was small. To verify the developmental exercise results, a finite element analysis (FEA) of forming of inner vessel sector was performed on finite element software ABAQUS. In this paper, FEA results and spring back are discussed. Spring back assessed is maximum at the center and relatively lower towards the edges for the redan with the chosen radius of 5980 mm.
Identification of Stable Configurations between Constituent Parts of an Assembly
Authors: Kumar Manish , Bahubalendruni M.V.A. Raju , Biswal Bibhuti Bhusan , Nayak Radharani
Published: September 2016

There may be several feasible sequences of assembly operations for assembling a mechanical product. Requirement of fixtures for each assembly sequence are different and hence the assembly lead time. Assembly Sequence Planning (ASP) is the activity of finding sequence (s) of assembly operations which has improved productivity and reduced lead time. Generating such suitable assembly sequence (s) have always been a challenging research area because every product is special in terms of its design characteristics. Significant level of automation has been achieved in ASP but huge efforts are still required to enhance its performance through improvement of the existing algorithms and data structures. Identifying stable configurations between constituent parts of an assembly is one of such important concern to augment ASP. It helps reducing dependence on fixtures by driving the assembly process through more number of stable configuration stages making it economical in time and cost.The purpose of this piece of work is to formulate a method to obtain information rich stability predicate automatically through Computer Aided Design (CAD) interface for a mechanical product.The method is automatic and saves hours of time studying the assembly by a skilled and experienced assembly analyst.
Design and Manufacture of Nanofibers Using Electrospinning Technique for Aerospace Application
Authors: Nisha M.S. , Singh Dalbir , Freesta Shiny J. , Sasirekha B.
Published: September 2016

In this study, Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafine fibers was fabricated by electro spinning equipment using rotating collector drum with different weight percentage of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The fabricated PVDF-MWCNT fiber has embedded to a glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) for structural health monitoring of composite structures. GFRP is non-conductive material. However, by adding (or) embedding conductive PVDF-MWCNT nanocomposites, measuring its relative electrical resistance can be achieved. This study assesses the use of piezo resistive effect and conductivity of carbon nanotubes (CNT) for in-suit measurement of electrical resistance measurements and strain measurement of carbon fiber are correlated for sensing and damage monitoring purpose. The PVDF-MWCNT fiber and PVA-MWCNT fiber embedded in GFRP were evaluated and compared. Its first time PVDF-MWCNT fiber is used in composite material for sensing the damages; hence embedded sensor will downgrade the fatigue life of the composite structures usually, but in this investigation PVDF-MWCNT focus on not to downgrade the material’s mechanical properties. The manufactured specimens were subjected to various incremental loading and unloading tensile test. During mechanical loading and unloading processes the corresponding electrical resistance was monitored simultaneously, to assess the damage level in the structure.
Design and Development of Computational Intelligence for Enhanced Adaptive Cruise Control Using Arduino
Authors: Vaishnavi D. , Sundari E. , Sangeetha T.V. , Shrinidhi S. , Saravanan P.
Published: September 2016

In today’s fast paced world, transportation plays a very important role. Of all the different types of transportation available, cars are one of the most common and most preferred means of transportation for the majority of people. The classical Cruise control System maintains the pre-set speed and will also adapt itself to the change in acceleration of the preceding vehicle. But it is not sophisticated enough and reduces its speed to zero in case of critical conditions. In the proposed system, in addition to obstacle detection, a new feature is added which enables the vehicle to switchover to an empty lane when the preceding vehicle is too near or whenever there is a possibility of crash. This paper discusses about the implementation of the same. The main input to the system is the data collected by the ultrasonic sensors fixed to the four sides of the vehicle. The main processing unit analyses the data collected and sends out a control signal to the motor driver in accordance with the algorithm. H-Bridge in this system controls the speed and the direction of the vehicle by giving the appropriate control signal to the motor connected to the wheels. This paper deals with the design of the prototype model of the proposed system. The main control part of our system is realised by the Arduino microcontroller.
Optimization of Grease Dispensing Unit Using Fuzzy Logic Algorithm
Authors: Havanur Milind , Arockia Selvakumar A
Published: September 2016

Grease dispensing unit is a well invented tool for greasing application which preserves health of operator working and ensures optimal quantity. There are fluctuations in the process of grease dispensing which is dependent on process parameters which make the grease dispensing. The properties of grease vary which depend on environmental conditions. In this paper the modeling of grease dispensing process using artificial intelligence method, fuzzy logic to optimize the flow of grease by considering the factors affecting the flow of grease and usage of automated system for grease dispensing process. The work involves usage of LabVIEW for modeling of fuzzy logic network Based on the results obtained a detailed discussions were made on how to implement the fuzzy logic system for optimization of flow of grease for the existing process. Further, the work also details the future scope of work that can be carried out.
Study of Z-Source Inverter Impedance Networks Using 2ω Analysis for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Umarani D. , Seyezhai R.
Published: September 2016

In a single-phase photovoltaic grid connected system, the inherent second harmonic power flow results in large size impedance network of the Z-Source PV inverter. Minimization of the impedance network is a challenging area of research. So, a detailed mathematical approach based on 2ω ripple analysis is proposed. This paper depicts the 2ω modeling of Z-source inverter to obtain reduced component ratings of the impedance network. The analysis has been extended for Trans Quasi Z network and Embedded Z network and the component ratings are compared with Z network. Simulation has been carried out in MATLAB/Simulink for single phase Z-source PV inverter with impedance network designed using 2ω ripple analysis and the results are verified.
Spine and sacroiliac joints on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with early axial spondyloarthritis: prevalence of lesions and association with clinical and disease activity indices from the Italian group of the SPACE study
Authors: Lorenzin M. , Ortolan A. , Frallonardo P. , Vio S. , Lacognata C. , Oliviero F. , Punzi L. , Ramonda R.
Published: September 2016

Our aim was to determine the prevalence of spine and sacroiliac joint (SIJ) lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with early axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and their correlation with disease activity indices. Sixty patients with low back pain (LBP) (≥3 months, ≤2 years, onset ≤45 years), attending the SpA-clinic of the Unità Operativa Complessa Reumatologia of Padova [SpondyloArthritis-Caught-Early (SPACE) study], were studied following a protocol including physical examination, questionnaires, laboratory tests, X-rays and spine and SIJ MRI. Positive spine and SIJ MRI and X-rays images were scored independently by 2 readers using the SPARCC method, modified Stoke ankylosing spondylitis spine score and New York criteria. The axial pain and localization of MRI-lesions were referred to 4 sites: cervical/thoracic/lumbar spine and SIJ. All patients were classified into three groups: patients with signs of radiographic sacroiliitis (r-axSpA), patients without signs of r-axSpA but with signs of sacroiliitis on MRI (nr-axSpA MRI SIJ+), patients without signs of sacroiliitis on MRI and X-rays (nr-axSpA MRI SIJ-). The median age at LBP onset was 29.05±8.38 years; 51.6% of patients showed bone marrow edema (BME) in spine-MRI and 56.7% of patients in SIJ-MRI. Signs of enthesitis were found in 55% of patients in the thoracic district. Of the 55% of patients with BME on spine-MRI, 15% presented presented a negative SIJMRI. There was a significant difference between these cohorts with regard to the prevalence of radiographic sacroiliitis, active sacroiliitis on MRI and SPARCC SIJ score. The site of pain correlated statistically with BME lesions in thoracic and buttock districts. Since positive spine-MRI images were observed in absence of sacroiliitis, we can hypothesize that this finding could have a diagnostic significance in axSpA suspected axSpA.
Palynostratigraphy of Permian and Lower Triassic rocks, Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Authors: Utting J
Published: September 2016

Nine outcrop sections of Permian and Lower Triassic rocks were studied in the basin-margin and basin-centre facies of the Sverdrup Basin. Abundant, well preserved palynomorphs occur in samples from many basin-margin facies. Palynomorph assemblages in samples from
deeper marine basin-centre sediments generally lack diversity of taxa and assemblages are poorly preserved. Two palynomorph zones have been established in the Permian (Roadian and Wordian) and one in the Lower Triassic (Griesbachian). Comparison of taxa in the zones shows some zones have many genera
in common, although some genera are restricted. There is almost a complete change of species between the Permian and Triassic. This, and major quantitative differences, suggest a significant hiatus between the Permian and Triassic, and probable climatic differences. Permian and Lower Triassic
palynological assemblages of the Sverdrup Basin may be assigned to the Subangaran floral province. However, comparison of the Wordian assemblages of the Sverdrup Basin with those from the Kazanian stratotype west of the Urals indicates marked differences. This may be due to different paleoclimates
and environments of deposition, incorrect stratigraphic correlations, or a combination of a number of factors. Thirty-nine miospore species are newly described: Ahrensisporites multifloridus A. thorsteinssonii, Apiculatisporis melvillensis, Cladaitina kolodae, Convolutispora arctica, C. perplexa,
Corisaccites stradivarii, Crinalites sabinensis, Cyclogranisporites franklinii, Diatomozonotriletes hypenetes, D. igluanus, Dictyotriletes bamberi, Dyupetalum vesicatum, Gondisporites nassichukii, Gordonispora obstaculifera, Grandispora jansonii, Granulatisporites munitus, Hamiapollenites erebi,
Jugasporites compactus, Kraeuselisporites sverdrupensis, Leiotriletes ulutus, Lophotriletes parryensis, Lunatisporites arluki, L. beauchampii, Neoraistrickia caudicea, N. delicata, Pallidosporites multiradiatus, Piceapollenites nookapii, Protohaploxypinus kayaki, P. panaki, Raistrickia enervata,
Scutasporites nanuki, Striatoabieites borealis, Striatopodocarpites circulus, Sverdrupollenites agluatus, S. connudatus, Verrucosisporites christiei, Vittatina heclae, and Weylandites segmentatus. Two new genera, Crinalites and Sverdrupollenites, are described. Descriptions are given of all Permian
pollen and spore taxa found. Seven new combinations are made for Permian and Triassic taxa (Cordaitina vulgaris, Lunatisporites albertae, Protohaploxypinus latissimus, Pakhapites rotundus, Weylandites cincinnatus, Simeonospora minuta and Uvaesporites imperialis).
Oligocene to Miocene agglutinated foraminifers in deltaic and deep-water facies of the Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin
Authors: Schröder-Adams C J , McNeil D H
Published: September 2016

In the Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin of Arctic Canada, foraminifer-bearing terrigenous clastic sediments were deposited in deltaic, prodelta shelf, continental slope and deep-basin environments during the Oligocene and Miocene. Agglutinated foraminifers are the
dominant benthic organisms in these facies, and their distribution has been documented in the context of three major transgressive�regressive sequences. Predominantly agglutinated assemblages in the Kugmallit sequence are replaced upsection by predominantly calcareous foraminiferal assemblages in
the Mackenzie Bay and Akpak sequences. This profound change in the assemblages occurred diachronously relative to regional sequence boundaries and last occurrences of calcareous foraminifers. Agglutinated taxa persisted into the Miocene Mackenzie Bay and Akpak sequences in areas where deltaic
processes predominated, and in deep-water regions under turbiditic influence. The contrasting agglutinated and calcareous-rich assemblages are a product of environmental preferences and early diagenetic processes controlled by bacterially mediated sulphate reduction, which resulted in the
destruction of agglutinated tests. Synthesis of foraminiferal assemblages with subsurface gamma/sonic log interpretations provides documentation for five discrete biofacies that reflect specific depositional environments. The Kugmallit sequence is characterized by distinct, lateral biofacies changes
due to deltaic sedimentation and progradation over the shelf. A major marine transgression in the latest Oligocene caused a more uniform distribution of deep-water agglutinated species over the shelf and deeper basin. Agglutinated foraminifers are excellent paleoenvironmental indicators because
their distribution is largely controlled by facies changes. The resulting diachrony makes them less reliable for chronostratigraphic correlations. A number of cosmopolitan, agglutinated foraminifers typical of the Paleogene migrated into the Arctic Ocean at the beginning of the Oligocene. The
Kugmallit delta, with its large input of terrigenous material, offered an ideal substrate for these organisms. Species that disappeared from the eastern Canadian marginal seas during the Paleocene and Eocene persisted in the Beaufort�Mackenzie Basin through the Oligocene and into the
Miocene.
An Extension of Nikishin’s Factorization Theorem
Authors: Diestel Geoff
Published: September 2016

A Nikishin–Maurey characterization is given for bounded subsets of weak-type Lebesgue spaces. New factorizations for linear and multilinear operators are shown to follow.
REGIONINIO AUDINIŲ ĮSOTINIMO DEGUONIMI VERTĖ
Authors: Vilkė Alina , Juškė Milda , Bilskienė Diana , Macas Andrius
Published: September 2016

Cerebral blood flow quickly adapts to the ever changing hemodynamics, but the disruption of brain imbalance between oxygen supply and demand may result in varying degrees of damage: cognitive dysfunction, organ damage, and worse patients’ outcomes. Therefore, in this case, it is important to examine changes in oxygen delivery and identify the first signal of threatening organ dysfunction. Measurement with cerebral oximetry is based on the ability of light (near-infrared) to penetrate the skull and determine regional hemoglobin oxygen saturation (rSO2). Cerebral oximetry using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is noninvasive technique used to estimate rSO2 value at the real time. This value should be determined prior to any intervention, the normal range in healthy volunteers - 60-80%. Significant desaturation episodes, the rSO2 value is below 50% or 20% decline from baseline saturation. The rSO2 value should be interpreted with other clinical patient information, because many factors influence and change the measurement data. In the near future NIRS can be used routine method of monitoring in anaesthesia.
PALANGOS INICIATYVA: AMBULATORINĖ REABILITACIJA PIRMINĖS ASMENS SVEIKATOS PRIEŽIŪROS CENTRE
Authors: Jurkevičiūtė Mantė Agnė , Rimkus Egidijus
Published: September 2016

The efficiency and scale of outpatient rehabilitation provided by the first stage health care institutions can not outperform those provided by second and third stage health care institutions. However, the outpatient rehabilitation provided by first stage health care center in Palanga can significantly improve the chronic disease treatment, decrease disability and improve quality of life to the patients. Everyday there are provide 25 massage, 10 kinesitherapy and around 40 physical therapy procedures.. Every year around 700 are provided 4000 procedure to the patients. More specifically, 300 patients went through 2200 individual kinesitherapy treatment procedures and around 900 patients had 5800 physical therapy procedures. Medical procedures are performed on individuals once per year based on doctors’ recommendations regardless in which primary health center they are registered. The primary health center in Palanga has a license to provide services of physical medicine and rehabilitation nurse as well as massage and assistance to kinesitherapist. Based on medicine law MN:2005 section on family doctor’s duties, competence and responsibility, there is no precise determination of family doctor’s legitimate to provide rehabilitation treatment, hence this treatment is provided by rehabilitation therapist, working in licensed rehabilitation institution.
Formação docente e pesquisa inventiva: problematização, criação e intervenção nos cotidianos escolares
Authors: Fernandes Angela Maria Dias , Costa Eduardo Antonio De Pontes
Published: September 2016

Este artigo propõe colocar em análise a relação entre formação docente e pesquisa interrogando as propostas formativas que intensificam processos disciplinadores, com foco em educadores e educandos como objetos de uma “educação pedagogizada”, de uma compartimentalização dos saberes e de uma desarticulação entre esses e a cultura nas montagens curriculares. Nessa direção, a escola é valorizada como campo de lutas em que a pesquisa se caracteriza como práticas educativas questionadoras e inventivas. As discussões teóricas estão fundamentadas nos estudos de Varela (1994, 2002), Michel Foucault (2009), Silva e Moreira (2001), Zanella (2013) e Philippe Ariès (1978). Por fim, ao reconhecer a importância dos trabalhos desses autores como contribuições para o campo da educação, indicamos alguns caminhos para se pensar a formação dos professores e a pesquisa inventiva, concebendo a educação como um espaço de produção de diferentes saberes e sujeitos implicados com a idealização da crítica como movimento, criação e potência de vida.