bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface Variability Mapping and Roughness Analysis of the Moon Using a Coarse‐Graining Decomposition
Authors: Xue Siyu , Storer Benjamin A. , Glade Rachel C. , Aluie Hussein
Published: October 2024

The lunar surface contains a wide variety of topographic shapes and features, each with different distributions and scales, and any analysis technique to objectively measure roughness must respect these qualities. Coarse‐graining is a naturally scale‐dependent filtering technique that preserves scale‐dependent symmetries and produces coarse elevation maps that gradually erase the smaller features from the original topography. In this study of the lunar surface, we present two surface variability metrics obtained from coarse‐graining lunar topography: fine elevation and coarse curvature. Both metrics are isotropic, deterministic, slope‐independent, and coordinate‐agnostic. Fine (detrended) elevation is acquired by subtracting the coarse elevation from the original topography and contains features that are smaller than the coarse‐graining length‐scale. Coarse curvature is the Laplacian of coarsened topography, and naturally quantifies the curvature at any scale and indicates whether a location is elevated or depressed relative to its neighborhood at that scale. We find that highlands and maria have distinct roughness characteristics at all length‐scales. Our topographic spectra reveal four scale‐breaks that mark characteristic shifts in surface roughness: 100, 300, 1,000, and 4,000 km. Comparing fine elevation distributions between maria and highlands, we show that maria fine elevation is biased toward smaller‐magnitude elevations and that the maria–highland discrepancies are more pronounced at larger length‐scales. We also provide local examples of selected regions to demonstrate that these metrics can successfully distinguish geological features of different length‐scales.
Neuronal activity in the ventral tegmental area during goal-directed navigation recorded by low-curvature microelectrode arrays
Authors: Xu Wei , Wang Mixia , Yang Gucheng , Mo Fan , Liu Yaoyao , Shan Jin , Jing Luyi , Li Ming , Liu Juntao , Lv Shiya , Duan Yiming , Han Meiqi , Xu Zhaojie , Song Yilin , Cai Xinxia
Published: October 2024

Navigating toward destinations with rewards is a common behavior among animals. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) has been shown to be responsible for reward coding and reward cue learning, and its response to other variables, such as kinematics, has also been increasingly studied. These findings suggest a potential relationship between animal navigation behavior and VTA activity. However, the deep location and small volume of the VTA pose significant challenges to the precision of electrode implantation, increasing the uncertainty of measurement results during animal navigation and thus limiting research on the role of the VTA in goal-directed navigation. To address this gap, we innovatively designed and fabricated low-curvature microelectrode arrays (MEAs) via a novel backside dry etching technique to release residual stress. Histological verification confirmed that low-curvature MEAs indeed improved electrode implantation precision. These low-curvature MEAs were subsequently implanted into the VTA of the rats to observe their electrophysiological activity in a freely chosen modified T-maze. The results of the behavioral experiments revealed that the rats could quickly learn the reward probability corresponding to the left and right paths and that VTA neurons were deeply involved in goal-directed navigation. Compared with those in no-reward trials, VTA neurons in reward trials presented a significantly greater firing rate and larger local field potential (LFP) amplitude during the reward-consuming period. Notably, we discovered place fields mapped by VTA neurons, which disappeared or were reconstructed with changes in the path–outcome relationship. These results provide new insights into the VTA and its role in goal-directed navigation. Our designed and fabricated low-curvature microelectrode arrays can serve as a new device for precise deep brain implantation in the future.
Identification of a 5-gene signature panel for the prediction of prostate cancer progression
Authors: Shen Michelle , García-Marqués Fernando , Muruganantham Arvind , Liu Shiqin , White James Robert , Bermudez Abel , Rice Meghan A. , Thompson Kelsey , Chen Chun-Liang , Hung Chia-Nung , Zhang Zhao , Huang Tim H. , Liss Michael A. , Pienta Kenneth J. , Pitteri Sharon J. , Stoyanova Tanya
Published: October 2024

Background

Despite nearly 100% 5-year survival for localised prostate cancer, the survival rate for metastatic prostate cancer significantly declines to 32%. Thus, it is crucial to identify molecular indicators that reflect the progression from localised disease to metastatic prostate cancer.

Methods

To search for molecular indicators associated with prostate cancer metastasis, we performed proteomic analysis of rapid autopsy tissue samples from metastatic prostate cancer (N = 8) and localised prostate cancer (N = 2). Then, we utilised multiple independent, publicly available prostate cancer patient datasets to select candidates that also correlate with worse prostate cancer clinical prognosis.

Results

We identified 154 proteins with increased expressions in metastases relative to localised prostate cancer through proteomic analysis. From the subset of these candidates that correlate with prostate cancer recurrence (N = 28) and shorter disease-free survival (N = 37), we identified a 5-gene signature panel with improved performance in predicting worse clinical prognosis relative to individual candidates.

Conclusions

Our study presents a new 5-gene signature panel that is associated with worse clinical prognosis and is elevated in prostate cancer metastasis on both protein and mRNA levels. Our 5-gene signature panel represents a potential modality for the prediction of prostate cancer progression towards the onset of metastasis.
127aa encoded by circSpdyA promotes FA synthesis and NK cell repression in breast cancers
Authors: Gao Xinya , Sun Zicheng , Liu Xin , Luo Jiayue , Liang Xiaoli , Wang Huijin , Zhou Junyi , Yang Ciqiu , Wang Tiantian , Li Jie
Published: October 2024

Lipid metabolism reprogram plays key roles in breast cancer tumorigenesis and immune escape. The underlying mechanism and potential regulator were barely investigated. We thus established an in vivo tumorigenesis model, mice-bearing breast cancer cells were treated with an ordinary diet and high-fat diet, species were collected and subjected to circRNA sequence to scan the potential circRNAs regulating the lipid metabolism. CircSpdyA was one of the most upregulated circRNAs and had the potential to encode a 127-aa micro peptide (referred to as 127aa). 127 aa promotes tumorigenesis through promoting the fatty acid de novo synthesis by directly binding to FASN. Single-cell sequence indicated 127aa inhibited NK cell infiltration and function. This was achieved by inhibiting the transcription of NK cell activators epigenetically. Moreover, lipid-laden from 127aa positive cancer cells transferred to NK cells inhibited the cytotoxicity. Taken together, circSpdyA encoded 127aa promotes fatty acid de novo synthesis through directly binding with FASN and induced NK cell repression by inhibiting the transcription of NK cell activators.
A sphingolipid rheostat controls apoptosis versus apical cell extrusion as alternative tumour-suppressive mechanisms
Authors: Armistead Joy , Höpfl Sebastian , Goldhausen Pierre , Müller-Hartmann Andrea , Fahle Evelin , Hatzold Julia , Franzen Rainer , Brodesser Susanne , Radde Nicole E. , Hammerschmidt Matthias
Published: October 2024

Evasion of cell death is a hallmark of cancer, and consequently the induction of cell death is a common strategy in cancer treatment. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating different types of cell death are poorly understood. We have formerly shown that in the epidermis of hypomorphic zebrafish hai1a mutant embryos, pre-neoplastic transformations of keratinocytes caused by unrestrained activity of the type II transmembrane serine protease Matriptase-1 heal spontaneously. This healing is driven by Matriptase-dependent increased sphingosine kinase (SphK) activity and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-mediated keratinocyte loss via apical cell extrusion. In contrast, amorphic hai1afr26 mutants with even higher Matriptase-1 and SphK activity die within a few days. Here we show that this lethality is not due to epidermal carcinogenesis, but to aberrant tp53-independent apoptosis of keratinocytes caused by increased levels of pro-apoptotic C16 ceramides, sphingolipid counterparts to S1P within the sphingolipid rheostat, which severely compromises the epidermal barrier. Mathematical modelling of sphingolipid rheostat homeostasis, combined with in vivo manipulations of components of the rheostat or the ceramide de novo synthesis pathway, indicate that this unexpected overproduction of ceramides is caused by a negative feedback loop sensing ceramide levels and controlling ceramide replenishment via de novo synthesis. Therefore, despite their initial decrease due to increased conversion to S1P, ceramides eventually reach cell death-inducing levels, making transformed pre-neoplastic keratinocytes die even before they are extruded, thereby abrogating the normally barrier-preserving mode of apical live cell extrusion. Our results offer an in vivo perspective of the dynamics of sphingolipid homeostasis and its relevance for epithelial cell survival versus cell death, linking apical cell extrusion and apoptosis. Implications for human carcinomas and their treatments are discussed.
Selective breeding enhances coral heat tolerance to marine heatwaves
Authors: Humanes Adriana , Lachs Liam , Beauchamp Elizabeth , Bukurou Leah , Buzzoni Daisy , Bythell John , Craggs Jamie R. K. , de la Torre Cerro Ruben , Edwards Alasdair J. , Golbuu Yimnang , Martinez Helios M. , Palmowski Pawel , van der Steeg Eveline , Sweet Michael , Ward Alex , Wilson Alastair J. , Guest James R.
Published: October 2024

Marine heatwaves are becoming more frequent, widespread and severe, causing mass coral bleaching and mortality. Natural adaptation may be insufficient to keep pace with climate warming, leading to calls for selective breeding interventions to enhance the ability of corals to survive such heatwaves, i.e., their heat tolerance. However, the heritability of this trait–a prerequisite for such approaches–remains unknown. We show that selecting parent colonies for high rather than low heat tolerance increased the tolerance of adult offspring (3–4-year-olds). This result held for the response to both 1-week +3.5 °C and 1-month +2.5 °C simulated marine heatwaves. In each case, narrow-sense heritability (h2) estimates are between 0.2 and 0.3, demonstrating a substantial genetic basis of heat tolerance. The phenotypic variability identified in this population could theoretically be leveraged to enhance heat tolerance by up to 1 °C-week within one generation. Concerningly, selective breeding for short-stress tolerance did not improve the ability of offspring to survive the long heat stress exposure. With no genetic correlation detected, these traits may be subject to independent genetic controls. Our finding on the heritability of coral heat tolerance indicates that selective breeding could be a viable tool to improve population resilience. Yet, the moderate levels of enhancement we found suggest that the effectiveness of such interventions also demands urgent climate action.
Increasing handgrip strength via post-hypnotic suggestions with lasting effects
Authors: Nieft Ulrike , Schlütz Marleen , Schmidt Barbara
Published: October 2024

In our study, we suggested participants to feel strong during hypnosis and tested if that affected their handgrip strength. Handgrip strength is measured via a hand dynamometer and indicates muscle strength and participants’ general medical condition. In addition, we obtained subjective ratings of strength via a visual analogue scale. We developed a hypnosis intervention to increase strength and tied the feeling of strength to a post-hypnotic power anchor. Participants could activate this power anchor afterwards to feel strong again. We also had a randomized control group that read Arnold Schwarzenegger’s autobiography instead of hypnosis. We tested the effect of the post-hypnotic power anchor on two experimental sessions separated by one week. Our data show that participants in the hypnosis group felt significantly stronger when they activated their post-hypnotic power anchor compared to their own baseline, both in the first and second experimental session. In addition, participants in the hypnosis group showed a significant increase in objective handgrip strength compared to their own baseline one week after the hypnosis session. We conclude that our hypnosis intervention primarily improved strength perception and secondary objective handgrip strength. Our intervention can help patients to improve their medical condition and athletes to improve their sport performance.
Efficient in-situ synthesis of heterocyclic derivatives from benzyl alcohols using pyrazinium chlorochromate-functionalized carbonitride as a novel catalyst
Authors: Soltani Hasan , Tajik Zeinab , Nasri Zahra , Hanifehnejad Peyman , Hamidi Elaheh , Aslbeigi Zahra , Ghafuri Hossein
Published: October 2024

The synthesis of efficient organic compounds from simple substrates is both noticeable and important. However, it can be challenging to achieve this target using suitable strategies. To address this issue, pyrazinium chlorochromate (PCC) was used to modify carbonitride nanosheets (CNs) and applied as a heterogeneous catalyst in the oxidation of benzyl alcohols. That can be regarded as innovation in ingenious synthesis of the PCC on the CNs. Then, it was identified by varied techniques such as EDS, FT-IR, XRD, STA and FE-SEM. This process resulted in in-situ synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine and 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H) one derivatives with excellent yield.
Evening humid-heat maxima near the southern Persian/Arabian Gulf
Authors: Raymond Colin , Matthews Tom , Tuholske Cascade
Published: October 2024

Extreme humid heat is a major climate hazard for the coastal Arabian Peninsula. However, many of its characteristics, including diurnal and spatial variations, remain incompletely explored. Here we present evidence from multiple reanalysis and in situ datasets that evening or nighttime daily maxima in extreme wet-bulb temperature and heat index are widespread along the southern Persian/Arabian Gulf coastline and adjacent inland desert, driven principally by sea-breeze-related movements of moist maritime air. This timing runs counter to the general expectation of more intense heat and greater heat-stress risk during daytime hours. While wet-bulb temperature is one of many metrics relevant for understanding heat hazards, it has featured prominently in recent literature and its values are closer to uncompensable-heat limits in coastal Arabia than anywhere else. Deviations from an afternoon-peak assumption about heat risks are thus of critical importance and heighten the value of improved understanding of extreme-humid-heat meteorology, in this region and in others subject to similar physical processes.
The dynamics and functional impact of tRNA repertoires during early embryogenesis in zebrafish
Authors: Reimão-Pinto Madalena M , Behrens Andrew , Forcelloni Sergio , Fröhlich Klemens , Kaya Selay , Nedialkova Danny D
Published: October 2024

Embryogenesis entails dramatic shifts in mRNA translation and turnover that reprogram gene expression during cellular proliferation and differentiation. Codon identity modulates mRNA stability during early vertebrate embryogenesis, but how the composition of tRNA pools is matched to translational demand is unknown. By quantitative profiling of tRNA repertoires in zebrafish embryos during the maternal-to-zygotic transition, we show that zygotic tRNA repertoires are established after the onset of gastrulation, succeeding the major wave of zygotic mRNA transcription. Maternal and zygotic tRNA pools are distinct, but their reprogramming does not result in a better match to the codon content of the zygotic transcriptome. Instead, we find that an increase in global translation at gastrulation sensitizes decoding rates to tRNA supply, thus destabilizing maternal mRNAs enriched in slowly translated codons. Translational activation and zygotic tRNA expression temporally coincide with an increase of TORC1 activity at gastrulation, which phosphorylates and inactivates the RNA polymerase III repressor Maf1a/b. Our data indicate that a switch in global translation, rather than tRNA reprogramming, determines the onset of codon-dependent maternal mRNA decay during zebrafish embryogenesis.
Molecularly imprinted polymer on cotton materials as substrates for smartphone-based image and distance-based analysis of Cu(ii) in water samples
Authors: Thongkon N. , Maisom Phakamas , Taewcharoen Orawan , Kamsomjit Wannaree , Nilsuwan Supacha , Saejan Nattakul , Somrak S.
Published: October 2024

Cotton fabric and thread were used for smartphone-based image and distance-based analysis of Cu(ii).
Metal-catalyzed divergent synthesis from ylides with 3-arylbenzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4(3H)-ones
Authors: Bao Mei-Zhu , Pan Xiao-Ying , Wu Wen-Rong , Xiao Lin , Liu Jidan , Liu Xu-Ge , Zhang Shang-Shi , Zhao Limin
Published: October 2024

The present work reveals a new metal-catalyzed synthetic reaction involving 1,2,3-benzotriazinones with carbonyl sulfoxonium ylide and iodonium ylide, resulting in divergent products.
Hydrogen storage of commercially scalable CALF-20: a study at cryogenic and near-ambient temperatures
Authors: Sutton Ashley L. , Sadiq M. Munir , Mardel James I. , Hill Matthew R.
Published: October 2024

H2 storage in CALF-20 is analysed at cryogenic and near-ambient temperatures, highlighting the adsorption mechanism.
Bulk crystal growth and characterization of non-centrosymmetric single crystal CaTa4O11
Authors: Zhou Yueshen , Yuan Dongsheng , Shimamura Kiyoshi
Published: October 2024

For the first time, high-quality bulk single crystals of CaTa4O11 were grown by the floating-zone method, and thus the current phase-diagram was revised for the stoichiometry CaO·2Ta2O5, showing a congruent melting behavior.
Gated spin manipulation in a bipolar Rashba semiconductor: a Janus TeSSe monolayer
Authors: Chen Shao-Bo , Yan Wan-Jun , Ang Yee Sin
Published: October 2024

The spin precession between the source and the drain can be manipulated electrically when a negative grid voltage (up plane) or positive grid voltage (down plane) is applied.
Autocatalytic DNA circuitries
Authors: Wu Qiong , Xu Wei , Shang Jinhua , Li Jiajing , Liu Xiaoqing , Wang Fuan , Li Jinghong
Published: October 2024

A critical review of recent developments in autocatalytic DNA circuits, rooted in DNAzyme biocatalysis, enzyme catalysis, and dynamic hybridization assembly, and their practical applications across bioanalysis, biomedicine, and biomimetics.
Autonomous robotic experimentation system for powder X-ray diffraction
Authors: Yotsumoto Yuto , Nakajima Yusaku , Takamoto Ryusei , Takeichi Yasuo , Ono Kanta
Published: October 2024

We have developed an autonomous robotic experimentation system for powder X-ray diffraction. The system demonstrates high precision in sample preparation and analysis, enabling accurate phase quantification with reduced sample quantities.
Antigenotoxic and cosmetic potential of elderberry (Sambucus nigra) extract: protection against oxidative DNA damage
Authors: Gonçalves Sara , Peixoto Francisco , da Silveria Tayse F. F. , Barros Lillian , Gaivão Isabel
Published: October 2024

The integrity of the genome is under constant threat from both endogenous and exogenous factors that induce oxidative stress and accelerate ageing.
A fast 2D MoS2 photodetector with ultralow contact resistance
Authors: Pan Wangheng , Wang Anran , Wu Xingguang , Zheng Xialian , Chen Hu , Qin Shuchao , Han Zheng Vitto , Zhao Siwen , Zhang Rong , Wang Fengqiu
Published: October 2024

Utilizing bismuth contacts, an MoS2 photodetector exhibiting fast speed (∼70 kHz) and high photoresponsivity (>1 A W−1) is fabricated. The mechanism of co-existing positive and negative photoresponse has also been revealed.
Crafting “brick–mud” segregated nanocomposites: a novel approach to superior electromagnetic interference shielding, electrical insulation, and thermal conductivity in biopolymers
Authors: Liu Tong , Feng Huiyao , Deng Linbing , Jin Chenhong , Vahabi Henri , Saeb Mohammad Reza , Kuang Tairong
Published: October 2024

“Brick–mud” segregated biopolymer nanocomposites exhibit remarkable electromagnetic interference shielding, thermal conductivity, and electrical insulation, representing an innovative strategy in the design of multifunctional polymer composites.
Correction: Chlorosulfonic acid coated on porous organic polymer as a bifunctional catalyst for the one-pot three-component synthesis of 1,8-naphthyridines
Authors: Ghiai Ramin , Alavinia Sedigheh , Ghorbani-Vaghei Ramin
Published: October 2024

Correction for ‘Chlorosulfonic acid coated on porous organic polymer as a bifunctional catalyst for the one-pot three-component synthesis of 1,8-naphthyridines’ by Ramin Ghiai et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 27723–27735, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA05070F.
A DNA biosensor integrating surface hybridization, thermo-responsive coating, laminar-flow technology and localized photothermal effect for efficient electrochemical detection of nucleic acids
Authors: Maugeri Ludovica , Fangano Giorgia , Ferlazzo Angelo , Forte Giuseppe , Gulino Antonino , Petralia Salvatore
Published: October 2024

Pioneering example of the integration of photothermal materials, thermo-responsive coating, microarray-surface hybridization, laminar flow technology and electrochemical measurement into a point-of-care system for DNA detection.
Controlling CO2 flux in a CO2-permeable membrane with a H2O driving force
Authors: Penn Jacqueline A. , Hu Wenting , Metcalfe Ian S. , Mutch Greg A.
Published: October 2024

A H2O driving force in the opposite direction to CO2 permeation exerts control over CO2 flux in a molten-salt membrane fabricated using hydroxides.
Enhancing the surface Lewis basicity of phosphorene-hosted NiO nanosheets for sensitive and selective H2S gas sensing
Authors: Tian Yahui , Zhai Wenfang , Su Jie , Zhao Yuxin , Dai Zhengfei , Gan Wei , Li Hui
Published: October 2024

A black phosphorene-hosted NiO nanosheet heterostructure achieves enhanced surface Lewis basicity, delivering sensitive and selective sensor properties to trace H2S gas.
Tailoring biobased polythiourethane crosslinking networks with flame-retardancy and remote ultrafast infrared “welding” performance
Authors: Ding Ning , Yang Yi , Zhou Wei , Puglia Debora , Xu Pengwu , Niu Deyu , Yang Weijun , Ma Piming
Published: October 2024

Biobased polythiourethane/MXene nanocomposites with intrinsic flame-retardancy and remote ultrafast infrared “welding” performance.
A Ni(ii)MOF-based hypersensitive dual-function luminescent sensor towards the 3-nitrotyrosine biomarker and 6-propyl-2-thiouracil antithyroid drug in urine
Authors: Li Wencui , Liu Liying , Li Xiaoting , Ren Hu , Zhang Lu , Parvez Mohammad Khalid , Al-Dosari Mohammed S. , Fan Liming , Liu Jianqiang
Published: October 2024

Luminescent NiMOF demonstrated remarkable capabilities in efficient, sensitive and intelligent detection of 3-NT biomarker and 6-PTU thyroid drug in urine through luminescence quenching effects.
Tunable RKKY interaction in 30° twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Zhang Binyuan , Gong Weijiang , Zheng Yisong
Published: October 2024

By means of the Lanczos method, we study the Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY) interaction in 30° twisted bilayer graphene (TBG).
The Effects of Home Language Use on Spanish Speech Measures in Bilingual Children With Hearing Loss Who Use Cochlear Implants and Their Peers With Normal Hearing
Authors: Hein Machado Sofia , Sweeney Alex , Hernandez Arturo E , Bunta Ferenc
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the amount of home language use between the primary caregiver and bilingual Spanish- and English-speaking children with hearing loss who use cochlear implants (CIs) versus their bilingual age-matched peers with normal hearing (NH) can impact speech outcomes in the home language.

Method:

Thirty-four bilingual Spanish- and English-speaking children (17 CI users and 17 with NH) between the ages of 5;3 and 7;9 (years;months) participated in this study. Independent variables were the amount of home language use with the primary caregiver and hearing status, and dependent variables were vowels and consonants correctly produced and occurrence of selected phonological processes. The amount of home language use was ascertained from surveys, and the dependent measures were based on a single-word picture elicitation task.

Results:

Bilingual children with CIs who are exposed to Spanish for more than 80% of the time via their primary caregiver performed better on Spanish segmental accuracy measures than those who are exposed to Spanish from only 20% to 50% of the time, specifically on vowels (partial η
2
= .31) and consonants (partial η
2
= .025). Children with NH outperformed children with CIs on all accuracy measures in Spanish.

Conclusions:

Preliminary results suggest the importance of language exposure through interactions with the primary caregiver for speech development in bilingual children. Future studies should investigate strategies to facilitate home language development in bilingual children with CIs, enabling them to reach their full potential.
The Perspective of Haitian Parents on Heritage Language Maintenance in Children With Speech-Language Disorders
Authors: Jocelyn Jessica , Elie Martine , Lucker Jay R. , Harris Ovetta L. , Rose Sulare Telford
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

This study is part of a larger study that explores the beliefs and attitudes of Haitian parents in the United States regarding heritage language maintenance. The study sought to understand Haitian parents' perspective of heritage language maintenance when the parent has a child with a communication disorder.

Method:

Semistructured interviews were conducted with seven Haitian parents of children who have or had a speech-language disorder. The interviews were conducted virtually through videoconferencing. A thematic analysis was used to explore the data and determine recurring themes.

Results:

Participants desired to preserve the heritage language; however, fear of further language delay and sociolinguistic factors influenced their language choice. Furthermore, the results revealed that the lack of Haitian Creole language maintenance led to a communication breakdown with family and parental regret on the missed opportunity to pass on the heritage language.

Conclusion:

The findings from this study demonstrate a need for continued education with physicians, SLPs, and other related service providers on the issues related to bilingual language development, language maintenance, and counseling families regarding home language practice.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27190611
Survey on coherent multiband splicing techniques for wideband channel characterization
Authors: Dimce Sigrid , Dressler Falko
Published: October 2024

Coherent multi‐band splicing is an optimal solution for extending existing band‐limited communication systems to support high‐precision sensing applications. Conceptually, the communication system performs narrow‐band measurements at different centre frequencies, which are then concatenated to increase the effective bandwidth without altering the sampling rate. This can be done in parallel for multiple non‐contiguous subbands or by hopping across the different bands. However, multi‐band splicing poses significant challenges, particularly in compensating for phase offsets and hardware distortions before stitching the acquired samples, which can be distributed in contiguous or non‐contiguous manners. This survey paper studies the state of the art in coherent multi‐band splicing and identify open research questions. For beginners in the field, this review serves as a guide to the most relevant literature, enabling them to quickly catch up with the current achievements. For experts, open research questions that require further investigation are highlighted.
An evolutionary algorithm‐based classification method for high‐dimensional imbalanced mixed data with missing information
Authors: Liu Yi , Li Gengsong , Zheng Qibin , Yang Guoli , Liu Kun , Qin Wei
Published: October 2024

The data scale keeps growing by leaps and the majority of it is high‐dimensional imbalanced data, which is hard to classify. Data missing often happens in software which further aggravates the difficulty of classifying the data. In order to resolve high‐dimensional imbalanced mixed‐variables missing data classification problem, a novel method based on particle swarm optimization is developed. It has three original components including multiple feature selection, mixed attribute imputation, and quantum oversampling. Multiple feature selection uses a two‐stage strategy to obtain stable relevant features. Mixed attribute imputation separates features into continuous and discrete features and fills missing values with different models. Quantum oversampling chooses instances to balance data based on the quantum operator. Furthermore, particle swarm optimization is employed to optimize the parameters of the components to obtain preferable classification results. Six representative classification datasets, six typical algorithms, and four measures are taken to conduct exhaust experiments, and results indicate that the proposed method is superior to the comparison algorithms.
Semi‐supervised contextual cognitive augmentation‐based cross‐teaching network for multiclass medical image segmentation
Authors: Gai Di , Wu Yuxuan , Xiao Yusong , Geng Yuhan , Cao Lei , Xiong Xin , Zhong An‐qi
Published: October 2024

The application of medical image segmentation technology enables accurate localization of human tissues, providing doctors with a reliable foundation for diagnosis. While deep learning methods have proven effective in this task, most current approaches rely on a single prediction framework, which overlooks Edge semantic features and results in flawed texture features. Moreover, existing supervised methods face challenges due to limited availability of high‐quality annotations in the field of medical imaging. In this article, a Semi‐supervised Contextual Cognitive Augmentation‐based Cross‐teaching Network is proposed. A Contextual Cognitive Enhancement Module is introduced consisting of two components: data augmentation and information extraction. The data augmentation component provides multi‐level data distribution by incorporating diverse perturbation strategies such as Discrete Cosine Transform and Gaussian noise. The information extraction component employs the Comprehensive Information Extraction module, which consists of Global Perception Information Extraction module and Multi‐channel Information Extraction module to extract perceptual information from images and enhance interaction between image channels, respectively. Additionally, a cross‐teaching strategy is adopted and a hybrid loss function is utilized to encourage knowledge sharing among the networks, leveraging the advantages of dual networks for improved performance. Experimental results demonstrate significant enhancements in multiclass medical image segmentation compared to several state‐of‐the‐art single‐framework networks.
Prospects for the use of lithium bromide and lithium chloride absorption heat pumps of the step-up type in heat power engineering and industry
Authors: Mukhin Dmitriy , Stepanov Konstantin , Elistratov Sergey
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the possibilities of using a step-up absorption heat pumps in autonomous heating systems and in industry. A system of autonomous heating with a step-up heat pump is proposed, where the energy source is geothermal water with a temperature of 40 °C, and the surrounding winter air with negative temperatures is used to remove heat from the heat pump. Calculations were made of heat pump cycles for working fluids – LiBr and LiCl absorbents. As a result of cycle calculations, energy efficiency indicators were determined - transformation coefficients. The transformation coefficients for LiBr and LiCl are comparable and range from 0.46 to 0.48. Thus, it has been established that the use of LiCl as an alternative working fluid is promising.
Heat capacity of leucite powder in the temperature range of 300–980 K
Authors: Samoshkin Dmitrii , Agazhanov Alibek , Stankus Sergei
Published: October 2024

An experimental study of the heat capacity of leucite used as the main component in the new generation of composite ceramics was carried out. The heat capacity was measured by the method of differential scanning calorimetry using a DSC 404 F1 setup in the temperature range from 300 to 980 K of the solid state. The estimated error of the obtained results was 2– 3%. The fitting equation and the table of recommended data were developed for scientific and practical application. The heat capacity temperature dependence in the range of about 820–950 K revealed two phase transformations, which were related to the transition from the tetragonal leucite phase to the cubic one upon heating: I41/a(tetragonal) → I41/acd(tetragonal) → Ia3d(cubic).
Dorsale Schraubenosteosynthese einer Skaphoidpseudarthrose bei
angeborener skaphotrapezialer und lunotriquetraler Koalition – Ein
Fallbericht
Authors: Wulf Jan , Schmitt Rainer , Cavalcanti Kußmaul Adrian , Böcker Wolfgang , Holzapfel Boris , Gilbert Fabian
Published: October 2024

Vorgestellt wird der Fall eines 24-jährigen Mannes, der eine Skaphoidfraktur mit
angeborener skaphotrapezialer und lunotriquetraler Koalition erleidet. Aufgrund
des Übergangs der Fraktur in eine Pseudarthrose wurde eine
Schraubenosteosynthese durchgeführt. Basierend auf der veränderten Biomechanik
durch die beiden Koalitionen musste sowohl der operative Zugang von
proximal-dorsal als auch eine Versorgung mit zwei Schrauben zur Vermeidung einer
Rotationsinstabilität erfolgen. Die Skaphoidfraktur wurde zur vollständigen
Ausheilung gebracht.
Machen Sie sich frei
Authors: Bichsel Kathrin
Published: October 2024

Der freie Bericht für die Fallvorstellung sowie das freie Assoziieren der Gruppe
sind unverzichtbar für die Balintarbeit. Der freie Bericht gibt Einblick in die
unmittelbare Arzt-Patient-Beziehung. An Balint-Tagungen und in kontinuierlichen
Gruppen beobachten wir, dass dieses „Freie” den Teilnehmenden oft schwer fällt.
Die Autorin fragt in ihrem Eröffnungsreferat für die 62. Silser Balint
Studienwochen am 10. September 2023 nach der Bedeutung der Unmittelbarkeit,
sowie nach den Widerständen dagegen. Und sie stellt einen Bezug her zwischen dem
Unmittelbaren in der ärztlichen Sprechstunde und in der Balintarbeit.
The Value of lncRNAs as a Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Gestational
Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fan Yang , Chen Xin , Yang Song , Tu Hongxia , Zhang Youyi , Wang Mingyi , Jiang Jingying
Published: October 2024

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder in pregnancy
and leads to serious harm to the mother and the fetus. A variety of lncRNAs play
a key role in GDM. This meta-analysis was performed to explore the potential
value of lncRNAs in GDM diagnosis. Articles correlated with lncRNA and GDM were
screened from Embase, Medline, EBSCO, PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge
Infrastructure, and WanFang databases. Summary receiver operator characteristic
(SROC) was performed to evaluate the pooled area under curve (AUC). Forest plot
was conducted to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic likelihood
ratio (LR), diagnostic score, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Deeks’ funnel
plot was utilized to evaluate the publication bias. Eleven articles containing
12 tests (1060 GDM patients and 1066 controls) were included in this
meta-analysis. AUC (0.89, 95%CI=0.86–0.92), sensitivity (0.84, 95%CI=0.80–0.87),
and specificity (0.81, 95%CI=0.77–0.85)of the SROC curve showed a high
diagnostic value of lncRNA for GDM. Positive LR (PLR 4.40, 95%CI=3.45–5.60) and
negative LR (NLR 0.20, 95%CI=0.15–0.26) results indicated that the diagnosis of
lncRNA for GDM had low clinical utility. Diagnostic score (3.09,
95%CI=2.62–3.57) and DOR (22.04, 95%CI=13.68–35.51) results suggested lncRNAs
have good discriminative effect on GDM. Heterogeneity was significantly higher,
but not induced by the subgroups. LncRNAs had high diagnostic value and good
discriminative effect for GDM, but the clinical utility was not high. This
meta-analysis study offers a potential target for GDM diagnosis.
Study on the attenuation pattern of stress wave in granite impacted by 30CrMnSiA alloy steel projectiles at 1.5–5.5 km/s
Authors: Li Lumeng , Zhu Qing , Li Shutao , Gao Zhen , Shao Xihan , Xu Zhenzhen
Published: October 2024

The damage ability of hypervelocity kinetic energy projectile penetrating ground has become a hotspot in modern military research. In this study, a hypervelocity impact test on a granite target subjected to projectiles using a two-stage light gas gun is conducted to study the stress wave evolution in granite under hypervelocity penetrations. The parameters of the *MAT_JOHNSON_HOLMQUIST_CERAMICS(JH-2) constitutive equation are calibrated using the results of the splinter impact test and the static test, and numerical simulations are performed using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method coupled with finite element method (SPH-FEM coupled method) to extend the resulting data. A formula for calculating the stress wave peak attenuation is established, indicating that the maximum impact pressure produced by the hypervelocity impact decreases exponentially with scaling distance, and the attenuation coefficient is related to the degree of rock damage. Additionally, the attenuation of the speed of sound is used to characterize rock damage, and the damage deterioration law of granite under hypervelocity impact is analyzed based on the damage factor.
Origin of magnetism via cation vacancy defects in non-stoichiometric NiCo2O4 nanoparticles: A synchrotron-based x-ray absorption and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopic study
Authors: Dawn Riya , Pramanik Biswanath , Das Kousik , Tjiu Weng Weei , Aabdin Zainul , Ghosh Arka , Sahoo Santosh Kumar , Amemiya Kenta , Kandasami Asokan , Singh Vijay Raj
Published: October 2024

The present study probes the effect of cation distributions in the structural, optical, electronic, and magnetic properties of mixed-valent inverse-spinel NiCo2O4 (NCO) nanoparticles (NPs). NCO NPs were prepared using the sol–gel combustion method and the grain size was obtained in the magnetic exchange length range assumed to be from single-ion anisotropy. The Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies confirm the presence of an inverse-spinel structure with different oxidation states, and vibrating sample magnetometry clarifies the existence of ferromagnetism with the presence of magnetic anisotropy among the cations. These NPs annealed at a higher grain-growth temperature accumulate ferrimagnetic properties and produce magneto-crystalline anisotropy making NCO an assuring material for spintronic applications. A detailed x-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism studies reveal an indestructible correlation between the distribution of the present cations and the element-specific origin of ferrimagnetic behavior. Ni is found to be accountable for the magnetic moment and electronic conduction, whereas Co is associated mainly with the generation of the magnetic anisotropy even in the polycrystalline NP form. This describes the anti-ferromagnetic coupling between Co and Ni ions that is pivotal in demonstrating the exchange interaction between these cations. The above result signifies the site-dependent cation valence states for the magnetic properties, and the extent of growing conditions are related to such cation-site dysfunction. This depicts further tunability in NCO as a functional oxide material.
Hyperspectral oblique plane microscopy enables spontaneous, label-free imaging of biological dynamic processes in live animals
Authors: Guo Ke , Kalyviotis Konstantinos , Pantazis Periklis , Rowlands Christopher J.
Published: October 2024

Spontaneous Raman imaging has emerged as powerful label-free technique for investigating the molecular composition of medicines and biological specimens. Although Raman imaging can facilitate understanding of complex biological phenomena in vivo, current imaging modalities are limited in speed and sample compatibility. Here, we introduce a single-objective line-scanning light-sheet microscope, named

λ

-OPM, which records Raman images on a timescale of minutes to seconds. To demonstrate its function, we use

λ

-OPM to map and identify microplastic particles based on their Raman spectral characteristics. In live zebrafish embryos, we show that

λ

-OPM can capture wound dynamics at five-minute intervals, revealing rapid changes in cellular and extracellular matrix composition in the wounded region. Finally, we use

λ

-OPM to synchronize and average 36,800 individual frames to obtain hyperspectral videos of a zebrafish embryo’s beating heart at an effective 28 frames per second, recording compositional changes throughout the cardiac cycle.
MONITTR allows real-time imaging of transcription and endogenous proteins in C. elegans
Authors: Liu Xiaofan , Chang Zhi , Sun Pingping , Cao Beibei , Wang Yuzhi , Fang Jie , Pei Yechun , Chen Baohui , Zou Wei
Published: October 2024

Maximizing cell survival under stress requires rapid and transient adjustments of RNA and protein synthesis. However, capturing these dynamic changes at both single-cell level and across an organism has been challenging. Here, we developed a system named MONITTR (MS2-embedded mCherry-based monitoring of transcription) for real-time simultaneous measurement of nascent transcripts and endogenous protein levels in C. elegans. Utilizing this system, we monitored the transcriptional bursting of fasting-induced genes and found that the epidermis responds to fasting by modulating the proportion of actively transcribing nuclei and transcriptional kinetics of individual alleles. Additionally, our findings revealed the essential roles of the transcription factors NHR-49 and HLH-30 in governing the transcriptional kinetics of fasting-induced genes under fasting. Furthermore, we tracked transcriptional dynamics during heat-shock response and ER unfolded protein response and observed rapid changes in the level of nascent transcripts under stress conditions. Collectively, our study provides a foundation for quantitatively investigating how animals spatiotemporally modulate transcription in various physiological and pathological conditions.
Deflection of light by wormholes and its shadow due to dark matter within modified symmetric teleparallel gravity formalism
Authors: Mustafa G , Hassan Zinnat , Sahoo P K
Published: October 2024

We explore the possibility of traversable wormhole formation in the dark matter halos in the context of f(Q) gravity. We obtain the exact wormhole solutions with anisotropic matter source based on the Bose–Einstein condensate, Navarro-Frenk-White, and pseudo-isothermal matter density profiles. Notably, we present a novel wormhole solution supported by these dark matters using the expressions for the density profile and rotational velocity along with the modified field equations to calculate the redshift and shape functions of the wormholes. With a particular set of parameters, we demonstrate that our proposed wormhole solutions fulfill the flare-out condition against an asymptotic background. Additionally, we examine the energy conditions (ECs), focusing on the null ECs at the wormhole’s throat, providing a graphical representation of the feasible and negative regions. Our study also examines the wormhole’s shadow in the presence of various dark matter models, revealing that higher central densities result in a shadow closer to the throat, whereas lower values have the opposite effect. Moreover, we explore the deflection of light when it encounters these wormholes, particularly noting that light deflection approaches infinity at the throat, where the gravitational field is extremely strong.
Aspect ratio optimization of piezoelectric extensional mode resonators for quality factor and phase noise performance enhancement
Authors: Tang Ken-Wei , Lin Wei , Zope Anurag A , Lin Zhong-Wei , Li Sheng-Shian
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on optimizing the resonator geometry via the aspect ratio design of a width-extensional mode resonator to improve its quality factor (Q), which is one of the critical performance parameters for resonators in either sensing (Allan deviation) or frequency reference (phase noise) applications. The proposed approach uses finite element analysis to reduce the strain energy at anchor supports by altering the resonator geometric structure, thereby reducing energy loss through anchors. Moreover, process limitations on feature sizes are used as constraints to find aspect ratios that can not only increase the Q but also reduce spurious modes near the targeted frequency. The devices were fabricated using AlN thin film piezoelectric on a substrate (TPoS) process. The simulated energy dissipation trends for specific length-to-width (L/W) ratios closely match the measured changes in the resonator Q values in vacuum. In vacuum, the highest Q-factor achieved by the device is close to 8816, with a motional resistance of a few tens of ohms. Additionally, a board-level oscillator realized using a commercial low-noise amplifier exhibits phase noise performance of −141.21 dBc Hz−1 and −164.25 dBc Hz−1 at 1 kHz and 1 MHz frequency offsets, respectively. The calculated figures of merit for these offsets are 204 and 168, respectively.
Observation of sequential three-body dissociation of camphor molecule—a native frame approach
Authors: De S , Mandal S , Sen Sanket , Sen Arnab , Gopal R , Ben Ltaief L , Turchini S , Catone D , Zema N , Coreno M , Richter R , Mudrich M , Sharma V , Krishnan S R
Published: October 2024

The three-body dissociation dynamics of the dicationic camphor molecule (C10H16O2+) resulting from Auger decay are investigated using soft x-ray synchrotron radiation. A photoelectron-photoion-photoion coincidence method, a combination of a velocity map imaging spectrometer and a time-of-flight spectrometer is employed to measure the 3D momenta of ions detected in coincidence. The ion mass spectra and the ion–ion coincidence map at photon energies of 287.9 eV (below the C 1s ionization potential) and 292.4 eV (above the C 1s ionization potential for skeletal carbon) reveal that fragmentation depends on the final dicationic state rather than the initial excitation. Using the native frame method, three new fragmentation channels are discussed; (1) CH2CO+ + C7H

11

+

+ CH3, (2) CH

3
+

+ C7H

11

+

+ CH2CO, and (3) C2H

5
+

+ C6H

9
+

+ CH2CO. The dominating nature of sequential decay with deferred charge separation is clearly evidenced in all three channels. The results are discussed based on the experimental angular distributions and momenta distributions, corroborated by geometry optimization of the ground, monocationic, and dicationic camphor molecule.