bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the safety and quality of portable x-ray imaging in a new infectious disease biocontainment unit: an in situ simulation and video-reflexive study
Authors: Wyer Mary , Hor Su-Yin , Barratt Ruth , Garraghy Phillip , Moore Cameron , Veazey Leah , Degeling Chris , Gilbert Gwendolyn L
Published: July 2023

Background
During a pre-commissioning inspection of a new biocontainment centre, radiographers noted several structural features of quarantine rooms that could compromise staff and patient safety and the quality of X-rays, even with significant modifications to a previously developed and tested radiography protocol.
Methods
To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the existing protocol in the new space, two simulated mobile x-rays were undertaken in the unit prior to commissioning. The simulations were videoed, and participants and other stakeholders collaboratively analysed video footage to identify potential problems and devise solutions. These sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically. Identified problems and solutions were collated and communicated to the hospital executive, to be endorsed and actioned where possible.
Results
Seven healthcare workers volunteered to participate. Participants identified serious latent safety threats including: increased risks of exposure to infection, occupational injury and radiation, interference with communication, and X-ray quality. Several unforeseen but important issues, across all four areas of risk, were identified only during facilitated group reviews of video footage.
Conclusions
In situ simulation is increasingly used to evaluate and improve healthcare practices. This study confirmed the added value of video-reflexive methods, which provide experienced participants with a richer view of a familiar protocol, in a new setting. Video footage can be examined immediately or later, if required, and by a broader group of stakeholders with diverse experience or expertise. Using video-reflexivity, clinicians were able to identify, collate and present latent safety threats to those who could endorse and implement the modifications.
Trial registration:
Not applicable.
Assessing the effect of subsequent bladder cancer following radical surgery for upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic studies
Authors: Hu Haopu , Lai Shicong , Wang Mingrui , Tang Xinwei , Lai Chin-hui , Xu Kexin , Xu Tao , Hu Hao
Published: July 2023

Background
To investigate the effect of subsequent bladder cancer (SBCa) following radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).
Methods
PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were exhaustively searched for studies comparing oncological outcomes between SBCa and non-SBCa patients. Standard cumulative analyses using hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were performed using Review Manager (version 5.3).
Results
Five studies involving 2,057 patients were selected according to predefined eligibility criteria. Meta-analysis of cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) revealed no significant differences between the SBCa group and non-SBCa group. However, subgroup analysis of pT0-3N0M0 patients suggested that people with SBCa have worse CSS (HR = 5.13, 95%CI 2.39–10.98, p < 0.0001)and OS (HR = 4.00, 95%CI 2.19–7.31, p < 0.00001).
Conclusions
SBCa appears to be associated with worse survival in people with early stage UTUC, overall. However, caution must be taken before recommendations are given because this interpretation is based upon very few clinical studies and a small sample. Research sharing more detailed surgical site descriptions, as well as enhanced outcome data collection and improved reporting is required to investigate the nuances further.
Investigating the effect of resveratrol and black grape extract on morphological changes and expression profiles of genes related to Alzheimer's disease in PC12 model cells
Authors: Foroughi saba , shahanipour kahin , Monajemi Ramesh , Ahadi Ali Mohammad
Published: July 2023

Background
The fruit known as Black grape (Vitis vinifera), due to its antioxidant properties, possesses therapeutic effects and is widely consumed around the globe. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound with notable efficacy, primarily found in grapes. The objective of this study was to conduct a comparative investigation into the impact of resveratrol and Vitis vinifera extract on the recuperation rate of PC12 cells, a type of Rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells, that were used as a model for Alzheimer's disease induced by formaldehyde.
Methods
The investigation was conducted by analyzing the biochemical parameters and the expression levels of genes encoding hyperphosphorylation enzymes, namely Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3b) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Initially, the cells were subjected to formaldehyde modeling, followed by the administration of grape extract and resveratrol.
Results
The findings of this study indicate that both substances under investigation exhibited a notable function in mitigating apoptosis in the modeled cells. Furthermore, the administration of these substances led to a reduction in the extent of the expression of the GSK-3b gene. Moreover, both intervention cohorts exhibited a significant upsurge in the expression of the PP2A gene. The findings of the assessment of the overall antioxidant capacity in the cellular environment demonstrated that the cells subjected to co-treatment with the two compounds exhibited a notable rise in their overall antioxidant capacity.
Conclusions
The findings of the present study corroborate the neuroprotective and antioxidant characteristics of grape and its polyphenolic derivative, which may potentially enhance existing treatment protocols for Alzheimer's disease.
Performance status and end-of-life outcomes in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer treated with androgen receptor targeted therapy
Authors: Mellgard George , Saffran Nathaniel , Chakrani Zakaria , McCroskery Stephen , Taylor Nicole , Patel Mann , Liaw Bobby , Galsky Matthew , Oh William , Tsao Che-Kai , Patel Vaibhav G.
Published: July 2023

Background
Androgen receptor targeted therapies (ARTs) are widely preferred over taxane chemotherapy due to their good tolerability and similar efficacy. However, there is a paucity of data that supports the use of ART therapy or describes end-of-life (EOL) outcomes in mCRPC patients with reduced PS (PS) (ECOG ≥ 2).
Methods
We performed a retrospective, single-institution study of 142 patients with mCRPC who received ART therapy between 2010 and 2021. We assessed each record for baseline demographic and clinical information, ART treatment course, and survival and EOL outcomes. Our primary aim was to compare overall survival between the two groups (ECOG > 2 vs. 0-1), and our secondary aim was to describe EOL outcomes. Fisher's Exact Tests and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to compare baseline characteristics. Cox regression was used to compare overall survival (OS) for patients with ECOG ≥ 2 at the start of treatment with those who had an ECOG of 0 or 1. Descriptive analyses were performed to assess EOL outcomes between the groups.
Results
Patients with mCRPC and decreased PS experienced shorter overall survival on ART, compared to those with higher PS. Moreover, when examining EOL outcomes, a near majority of these patients died in the hospital, with a greater percentage among those with an ECOG ≥ 2.
Conclusion
These findings highlight the need for continual assessment of PS, improved shared decision-making in ART treatment, and additional research exploring the association between PS and EOL outcomes.
Impact of COVID-19 on gamete quality and embryo development in patients with COVID-19 positive undergoing ART
Authors: XJ Zhang , Huang JH , Wan Q , Zhang B , Wen ZN , Qu T , Sun Q , Huang J , Zhou JM , Lei P , Wang Q , Han TT , Meng XQ
Published: July 2023

Backgroud:COVID-19 was recognized a public health issue and SARS-CoV-2 was assumed to infect human ovary and cross the blood–testis barrier.
Method:To explore the infection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients’ semen and follicular fluid and its potential clinical outcome. Ten female patients with an average age of 30.7±4.11years and eight male patients with an average age of 32.13±4.45 years diagnosed with COVID-19 and their spouses were negative to COVID-19 were included.
Results: None of ten male and 8 female patients with COVID-19 affecting was absence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in semen and follicular fluid. The sperm parameters, the rates of oocytes maturation, fertilization, cleavage and blastulation between the control and test group was not statistically significant (P>0.05),but the sperm quality, the oocyte maturation and fertilization, the blastulation showed a decline tendency in COVID-19 affected patients.
Conclusion: COVID-19 affection may have an uncertian negative influence on the gamete quality and embryo development. Our new knowledge will help to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on fertility in virus infected patients.
Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Care in Adults with Diabetic Ketoacidosis Pre-COVID-19 and during-COVID-19 at a Tertiary, Referral Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Sokwalla Sairabanu , Shah Jasmit , Chauhan Sangeeta , Shah Reena , Surani Salim , Njenga Erick , Kunyiha Nancy
Published: July 2023

Background
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening diabetic emergency requiring prompt recognition and care. The prognosis of DKA has improved over time with the availability of evidence-based protocols and resources. However, in Kenya, there are limited resources for the appropriate diagnosis and management of DKA, and these are limited to tertiary-level referral facilities. This study aimed to review the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of adult patients admitted with DKA at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, over five years and assess differences in these parameters before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
This was a retrospective study of DKA admissions from January 2017 to December 2021. Patient data were retrieved from the medical records department using ICD-10 codes, and individual details were abstracted on clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of DKA. Comparisons were made between pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19 durations.
Results
150 patients admitted with DKA were included (n = 48 pre- COVID-19, n = 102 during COVID-19 (n = 23 COVID-19 positive, n = 79 COVID-19 negative)). Median age was 47 years (IQR 33.0, 59.0), median HbA1C was 12.4% [IQR 10.8, 14.6]), and most patients had severe DKA (46%). Most common DKA precipitants were infections (40.7%), newly diagnosed diabetes (33.3%) and missed medication (25.3%). There was a significant difference in pulmonary infections as a DKA precipitant, between the pre- COVID and during COVID-19 pandemic (21.6% during COVID-19 versus 6.3% pre- COVID-19; p = 0.012). Median total insulin dose used was 110.0 units [IQR 76.0, 173.0], and a 100% of patients received basal insulin. The median length of hospital stay was 4.0 days [IQR 3.0, 6.0] and time to DKA resolution was 30.0 hours [IQR 24.0, 48.0]. There were 2 deaths (1.3%), none directly attributable to DKA. Severity of DKA significantly differed between pre- COVID-19, COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 negative DKA (52.2% of COVID-19 positive had moderate DKA compared to 26.6% of COVID-19 negative and 22.9% of Pre-COVID-19 (p = 0.006)).
Conclusion
These findings indicate that even in developing regions, good outcomes can be achieved with the appropriate facilities for DKA management. Clinician and patient education is necessary to ensure early detection and prompt referral to avoid patients presenting with severe DKA. Exploratory studies are needed to assess reasons for prolonged time to DKA resolution found in this study.
Nutrient subsidies restructure coral reef dissolved carbon fluxes via biogeochemical cascades
Authors: Silbiger Nyssa , Donahue Megan , Hagedorn Benjamin , Barnas Danielle , Jorissen Hendrikje , Kerlin Jamie , McClintock Rayna , Nixon Emily , Sparagon Wesley , Zeff Maya , Nelson Craig
Published: July 2023

Marine organisms are increasingly recognized as both responding to and driving biogeochemical changes in their environment. The addition of exogenous resources to the ocean, such as nutrients, that alter organismal physiology can lead to biogeochemical cascades wherein these solutes both alter water chemistry directly and indirectly by changing biological processes that influence water chemistry. To quantify how allochthonous nutrients drive biogeochemical cascades, we measured a suite of biogeochemical parameters during synoptic spatial surveys across two reefs in Mo’orea, French Polynesia conducted day and night at both low and high tide in two different seasons. These data were used to build a model that demonstrates how inputs of nutrients to coral reefs via submarine groundwater discharge directly alter reef metabolism with cascading effects on the cycling of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon that regulate productivity, calcification, and the microbial loop.
New okra germplasm for the management of aphids in the diverse ecological landscape of Central Africa
Authors: Abang Albert Fomumbod , Sriniva Ramasamy , Kekeunu Sevilor , Fotso Apollin Kuate , Tenkouano Abdou , Fiaboe Komi , Hanna Rachid , Bilong Charles-Félix Bilong
Published: July 2023

Ten okra accessions reported as resistant to aphids were compared in four agro-ecological zones of Cameroon with local varieties used by farmers under field conditions. This study was carried out over two seasons (March - July and September - December 2014) in four locations, representing four Cameroon agro-ecologies. The essence was to evaluate yield performance and test resistance to Aphis gossypii under different agro-ecologies. Aphid populations and yield parameters were evaluated. The R software package metan was activated to do analysis of stability using the multiple environment data. For all data, Breeding Values were predicted using Linear mixed model by performing best linear unbiased prediction on each genotype and for genotype by location interactions. The area under infestation pressure curve was calculated using aphid count data and the values used to estimate mean and standard deviation, and subjected to resistance analysis. For aphid abundance the lowest breeding value (-2.20) was for the Local and the highest (+ 2.33) for the most susceptible improved genotype. Two of the genotypes, Local (the most susceptible) and VI060794 (one of the moderately resistant) had the highest yield prediction per hectare and pods per plant. Dissemination of high-yielding and aphid resistant genotypes such as VI060794 stands the change of alleviating poverty and nutrient security within the sub region of Central Africa through reduction in cost of production from use of pesticide. The superior performance of VI060794 across ecological zones could be integrated in IPM of aphids and breeding to improve the performance of local germplasms.
Influence of rare earth (Gd) and transition (Cu) doping in bismuth ferrite for photocatalytic activity and stability performance
Authors: Rajitha Beerelli , Rajendar Vanga , Suvarna R. Padma
Published: July 2023

Bismuth ferrite (BFO) and Bi1-xGdxFe1-yCuyO3 (x and y = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 wt.%) samples were synthesized by sol–gel method. The crystal structure, surface morphology, and magnetic properties are investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy disperse X-ray analysis (EDAX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibration sample measurement (VSM). The synthesized samples were used for the photocatalytic activity of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye under visible light irradiation and stability performance was examined by four cycles by the photodegradation test.
Age-related changes in motor cortex architecture and accompanying their changes in the content of inflammatory, oxidative, and metabolism markers in the primary cortex of SHR rats as a model of ADHD
Authors: Bogdanska-Chomczyk E , Rowniak M , Wojtacha P , ML Tsai , ACW Huang , Kozlowska A
Published: July 2023

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose exact pathophysiology has not been fully understood yet. Many studies have proposed impairments of the cellular architecture and neuronal activity of brain structures in ADHD subjects with this condition, as also imbalances in the immune system, oxidative stress, and metabolism. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the morphometric analysis of the motor cortex (MC) during brain development in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRs) and Wistar Kyoto Rats (WKYs) and also to determine the level/activity of selected immune, oxidative stress, and metabolic markers in the PFC of juvenile and mature SHRs vs. WKYs. The results indicate that the most significant MC volume reductions occurred in juvenile SHRs, accompanied by alterations in neuronal density in these brain areas compared to WKYs. In addition, juvenile SHRs displayed elevated levels/activity of interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, serine/threonine-protein mammalian target of rapamycin, RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase, glucocorticoid receptor, malondialdehyde, sulfhydryl groups, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, glucose, fructosamine, iron, lactic acid, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine, and aspartate transaminase. In conclusion, significant changes in the MC morphometry and elevated levels of inflammatory, oxidative, and metabolic markers in PFC might be associated with disrupted brain development vs. maturation in ADHD.
Subject terms: rat, ADHD, motor cortex abnormalities, SHR, brain maturation, neuron density,
Post-Quake Call for Action: Developing Core Competencies Matrix for Syrian Health Workers in Emergency Time
Authors: Saeed Hani , Hamid Sulaf , Zoukar Imad , Khiami Adel , Hawat Lama Al , Khoja Mohammad , Khawatmy Hossam , Abdalnour Hani , Dashash Mayssoon
Published: July 2023

Background
Health workers are crucial in responding to natural disasters, including earthquakes. Previous work has indicated that the main barriers faced by health workers during all stages of disaster management are poor education and insufficient preparedness. In light of the diverse range of disasters and conflicts impacting Syrian society, it is crucial to promptly equip Syrian health workers with the necessary competencies to effectively manage different forms of disasters. This study aimed to identify the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required to respond effectively to an earthquake.
Methods
An exploratory qualitative study was conducted involving nine medical educators from the Medical Education Program at the Syrian Virtual University, specializing in medicine, dentistry, nursing, or pharmacy. The Delphi process was adopted to create a list of competencies.
Results
The study identified 74 competencies (12 knowledge items, 35 skills, and 27 attitudes) essential for health workers to respond effectively to disasters. The final list included 61 competencies for medical doctors, 48 for on-site disaster team, 46 for managers, 44 for nurses, 40 for psychiatric support team, 30 for pharmacists, 29 for dentists, 21 for allied healthcare professionals, and 20 for medical students.
Conclusion
A list of disaster management competencies was identified in the current study. It is hoped that this list will enhance a country’s resilience and provide a better approach to managing future disasters.
Implementing palliative care education into primary care practice: A qualitative case study of the CAPACITI pilot program
Authors: Matthew Midori , Bainbridge Daryl , Bishop Valerie , Sinding Christina , Winemaker Samantha , Kilbertus Frances , Kortes-Miller Kathy , Seow Hsien
Published: July 2023

Background: CAPACITI is a virtual education program that teaches primary care teams how to provide an early palliative approach to care. After piloting its implementation, we conducted an in-depth qualitative study with CAPACITI participants to assess the effectiveness of the components and to understand the challenges and enablers to virtual palliative care education.
Methods: We applied a qualitative case study approach to assess and synthesize three sources of data collected from the teams that participated in CAPACITI: reflection survey data, open text survey data, and focus group transcriptions. We completed a thematic analysis of these responses to gain an understanding of participant experiences with the intervention and its application in practice.
Results: The CAPACITI program was completed by 22 primary care teams consisting of 159 participants across Ontario, Canada. Qualitative data was obtained from all teams, including 15 teams that participated in focus groups and 21 teams that provided reflection survey data on CAPACITI content and how it translated into practice. Three major themes arose from cross-analysis of the data: changes in practice derived from involvement in CAPACITI, utility of specific elements of the program, and barriers and challenges to enacting CAPACITI in practice. Participants reported that the multifaceted approach of CAPACITI was helpful in teaching them how to apply a palliative approach to care in practice.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that CAPACITI training increased their identification of patients requiring palliative care, improved communication skills, and enhanced confidence in providing a palliative approach to care. CAPACITI warrants further study on a national scale using a randomized trial methodology.
Evaluation of pasting properties and retrogradation kinetic of a low viscosity potato starch
Authors: Hidalgo Bastián , Koporcic Milenka , Cifuentes Javier , Mujica Bernardita , Castro Melany , Videla Valeria , Quintero Montserrat , Alarcón-Moyano Jessica , Díaz-Calderón Paulo
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study was to characterise a low viscosity potato starch (LVPS) in terms of its pasting properties and the kinetic of retrogradation. The pasting properties of a commercial sample of LVPS were measured by Rapid-Visco-Analysis (RVA), while the kinetics of retrogradation was assessed following changes in gel strength by mechanical tests (after storage 24 h and 168 h, 4°C) and viscoelasticity by dynamic time sweep (4 h, 4°C). These analyses were complemented by measurements of cold-water solubility, thermal properties, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and polarised microscopy. A sample of native potato starch (NPS) was used as a control for comparison. LVPS showed significant differences in pasting properties compared to NPS, with much lower pasting parameters in LVPS (e.g. final viscosity 57.9 cP in LVPS and 2991.6 cP in NPS). However, the dynamic time sweep showed that LVPS behaved as a strong gel during retrogradation, which was consistent with the higher gel strength values obtained by LVPS during storage. The mechanical and rheological response could be explained by differences in crystallinity and number of oxygen bonds, as suggested by the FTIR spectra. Our results also showed that LVPS is not soluble in cold water, which was consistent with calorimetric data and polarised microscopy images. Therefore, LVPS could be used in applications requiring a starch capable of good mechanical response, but from starchy suspensions with very low viscosity.
Longitudinal gut microbiota composition of South African and Nigerian infants in relation to tetanus vaccine responses
Authors: Iwase Saori C. , Jaspan Heather B. , Happel Anna-Ursula , Holmes Susan P. , Abimiku Alash'le , Osawe Sophia , Gray Clive M. , Blackburn Jonathan M.
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Infants who are exposed to HIV but uninfected (iHEU) have higher risk of infectious morbidity than infants who are HIV-unexposed and uninfected (iHUU), possibly due to altered immunity. As infant gut microbiota may influence immune development, we evaluated the effects of HIV exposure on infant gut microbiota and its association with tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccine responses.
Methods: We evaluated gut microbiota by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 278 South African and Nigerian infants during the first and at 15 weeks of life and measured antibodies against TT vaccine by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at matched time points.
Results: Infant gut microbiota and its success­ion were more strongly influenced by geographical location and age than by HIV exposure. Microbiota of Nigerian infants drastically changed over 15 weeks, becoming dominated by Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis. This change was not observed among EBF South African infants. Lasso regression suggested that HIV exposure and gut microbiota were independently associated with TT vaccine responses at week 15, and that high passive antibody levels may mitigate these effects.
Conclusion: In two African cohorts, HIV exposure minimally altered the infant gut microbiota compared to age and country, but both specific gut microbes and HIV exposure independently predicted humoral vaccine responses.
Feasibility of a prospective, longitudinal study of resilience among young military recruits with embedded laboratory sub-study: the ARMOR pilot trial
Authors: Hitz Andrea C , Hubbling Shelly Bachelors Degree , Hodges Annika , Campbell Emily M Hagel , Bangerter Ann , Polusny Melissa A.
Published: July 2023

Background
Multilevel, longitudinal studies are integral to resilience research; however, they are costly and present unique methodological challenges. The objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of study methods (recruitment, retention, data collection) for a large-scale prospective, longitudinal study of resilience among young National Guard recruits.
Methods
This feasibility trial used a pre-test/post-test design with embedded laboratory sub-study. Participants were young military recruits who had recently enlisted in the Army National Guard and had not yet shipped to Basic Combat Training (BCT). Recruitment and baseline data collection (Time 1), which included a battery of computerized self-report measures and neurocognitive tests, were conducted at local armories. Participants completed an online follow-up (Time 2) survey outside of drill training after returning from BCT. A subset of participants was recruited to complete extensive laboratory procedures pre-and post-BCT, including clinical interview, additional self-report measures, and performance on a series of neurobehavioral tasks during electroencephalogram recordings and, at pre-BCT only, magnetic resonances imaging. Feasibility outcomes assessed our ability to recruit, retain, and collect data from participants. Analysis of outcomes was based on descriptive statistics and evaluation of the feasibility of the larger study was based on pre-determined go/no go progression criteria.
Results
All pre-determined progression criteria were met. A total of 102 (97.1%) of eligible military service members consented to participate. Of these, 73 (73.7%) completed the Time 2 survey. Of the 24 participants approached, 14 agreed to participate in the laboratory sub-study, 13 completed follow-up laboratory visits. Overall, completion of online surveys and laboratory tasks was excellent. However, participants had difficulties completing online surveys during BCT and the computerized neurocognitive testing battery at Time 2.
Conclusions
Study methods were feasible, and all predetermined criteria for progression to the large-scale longitudinal study were met. Some minor protocol adaptations were identified from this feasibility study. Lessons learned and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Decadal response of atmospheric inorganic nitrogen dry deposition into offshore areas to policy controls
Authors: Yan Jinpei , Wang Shanshan , Xu Suqing , Zhao Shuhui , Zhang Miming , Dai Siying , Shi Jun , Yang Hang , Lin Qi , Jiao Liping
Published: July 2023

Accurately assessing the dry deposition fluxes (DDF) of inorganic nitrogen aerosol (aerosol-IN) is crucial for mitigating the ecological damage caused by excessive nitrogen to oceanic equilibria. We developed a dry deposition model to assess the DDF of aerosol-IN into Chinese offshore areas from 2011 to 2020, ranging from 3.95×106 g/(km2 year) to 6.00×107 g/(km2 year). Our findings showed a clear decline in the DDF of aerosol-IN following the implementation of atmospheric laws and policies. Promoting the use of new energy vehicles, the rational use of nitrogenous fertilizers, and standardized straw burning will all reduce pollution caused by excessive nitrogen deposition. Aerosol-IN is a more significant source of inorganic nitrogen than river transport in Chinese offshore areas. The reduction of aerosol-IN dry deposition is a beneficial factor in mitigating offshore eutrophication, which should be considered when devising strategies for the protection and development of China's Beautiful Bay.
Characteristics of pain empathic networks in healthy and primary dysmenorrhea women: an fMRI study
Authors: Wang Chenxi , Feng Xinyue , Qi Xingang , Hong Zilong , Dun Wanghuan , Zhang Ming , Liu Jixin
Published: July 2023

Pain empathy enables us to understand and share how others feel in the context of pain. Few studies have investigated pain empathy-related functional interactions at the whole-brain level across all networks. Additionally, chronic pain patients have an increased risk for abnormal pain empathy, and the association between the whole-brain functional network, chronic pain, and pain empathy remains unclear. Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and machine learning analysis, we investigated the static and dynamic functional network connectivity (FNC) in predicting pain empathy scores in 41 healthy controls (HCs) and 45 women with primary dysmenorrhea (PDM). In addition, a classification analysis was performed to study the FNC differences between HCs and PDM. Pain empathy was evaluated using a visual stimuli experiment, and trait and state menstrual pain were recorded. In study 1, results showed that pain empathy in HCs relied on dynamic interactions across whole-brain networks and was not concentrated in a single or two brain networks, suggesting the dynamic cooperation of networks for pain empathy in HCs. This finding was validated in an independent dataset. In study 2, PDM exhibited a distinctive prediction network for pain empathy. The predictive features were concentrated in the sensorimotor network (SMN) and exhibited a significant association with trait menstrual pain. Moreover, the SMN-related dynamic FNC could accurately distinguish PDM from HCs. This study may deepen our understanding of the neural mechanisms underpinning pain empathy and suggest that chronic pain may affect pain empathy through the maladaptive dynamic interaction between brain networks.
Action research in agricultural development projects: Case study of a dairy project in Ethiopia
Authors: Ayantunde Augustine A. , Ebro Abule , Berhanu Tinsae , Moges Demewez , Lee Jan van der
Published: July 2023

For development projects, an action research approach is often encouraged to enhance participation of end-users or beneficiaries at various stages of the project to realize the desired social transformation in the target communities. The project under consideration in this study adopted action research for some of its activities. A review of the project action research activities was conducted as part of the strategic reflection for lesson learning and to inform modification where necessary. The objectives of this study were to assess the relevance of action research approach to implementation of project activities and to draw lessons for agricultural development projects applying participatory approaches. Fifty-one participants involved in the project action research activities were interviewed on their understanding of action research, its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, and level of participation in action research activities. The general impression of the participants interviewed regarding action research approach was that it is relevant and important for the project, and that it has provided a good platform for learning by all participants. Some key lessons from this study for development projects when applying action research approach include the need to focus on a few key issues or activities that can produce social transformation in the target communities, necessity of adequate planning for monitoring and documentation of learning by participants, and that caution should be exercised that action research does not become a “fashion”, particularly in development projects, whereby it is used unreflectively.
Indian standard time dissemination using precision time protocol: Towards resilient time synchronization using optical fibers for critical infrastructure in India
Authors: Kumar Kuldeep , Ghosh Sandip Kumar , Neelam  , Pandey Shailesh Chandra , Vattikonda Bharath , Panja Subhasis , Agarwal Ashish , Das Manoj
Published: July 2023

National time dissemination using terrestrial ethernet and optical fiber cables is an alternative to satellite-based systems and provides redundancy to reliable time services for critical infrastructure in the country. Precision time protocol based on IEEE 1588 standards using such cables and fibers can provide sub-microsecond time synchronization between a provider and the client. The method employs hardware time stamping, dedicated traffic-free fiber links, and PTP-aware network elements. We present a proof of concept experiment for the distribution of Indian standard time using the IEEE protocol in a laboratory and the effect of introducing a PTP-supported switch on the distribution performance. Further, we report on the observed synchronization when an underground dark telecom optical fiber lying outside the laboratory in the central Delhi region, is used as the medium of communication. The one-second pulse-pulse jitter is found to be within 2.5 ns.
BBR-With Adaptive Pacing Gain Rates (BBR-APG): An improved TCP-BBR Congestion Control Algorithm on RTT Fairness Design Problem
Authors: Njogu Charles Kihungi , Yang Wang , Njogu Humphrey Waita , Bosire Adrian
Published: July 2023

Google scientists published Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip propagation time (BBR), a novel TCP congestion control algorithm variant. Unlike traditional congestion control algorithms, BBR adjusts its transmission rates by periodically measuring the network traffic based on round-trip propagation time (RTprop) and available bottleneck bandwidth (Btlbw). This results in BBR achieving higher delivery rates and minimizing the latency on our modern-day network infrastructure. However, some recent experimental evaluations and analyses have shown severe RTT (round-trip time) fairness concerns in the TCP-BBR algorithm. When two competing flows with different RTTs coexist on a shared bottleneck link, BBR tends to prefer and favor longer RTT flows, therefore consuming more bandwidth share than short RTT counterparts, which can result in short RTT flows being starved even to death. This preference nature of the BBR in favor of long RTT flows results in an acute throughput imbalance and an extreme BBR and network vulnerability that malevolent individuals can easily exploit by increasing the delay (RTTs) in their flows to create unwarranted long RTTs on their TCP flows to unfairly obtain and enjoy the lion's share of the available bandwidth than the rest of users on the network. The BBR-With Adaptive Pacing Gain Rates (BBR-APG) algorithm is proposed in this study as an alternative solution to the TCP-BBR's RTT fairness problem. Our proposed approach adaptively adjusts the pacing gain rates of each TCP flow based on the bottleneck inflight queue status during the bandwidth estimation phase instead of the default fixed pacing gain rates as provided by the original version of the BBR algorithm, which only works perfectly when only a single flow is involved. With the BBR-APG algorithm, different RTT flows can fairly compete for the available bottleneck bandwidth, thus enhancing the RTT fairness issue that has been compromised in the original version of the BBR algorithm. Through our extensive simulation analysis on NS3, we identified that our proposed methodology improves RTT fairness by more than 18\%, a reduction of more than 24\% and 20\% on packets retransmission rates and queuing delay, respectively, compared to other recently published BBR variants like an adaptive congestion window of BBR (BBR-ACW) on various network conditions.
Multi-output Ensembles for Multi-step Forecasting
Authors: Cerqueira Vitor , Torgo Luis
Published: July 2023

This paper studies the application of ensembles composed of multi-output models for multi-step ahead forecasting problems. Dynamic ensembles have been commonly used for forecasting. However, these are typically designed for one-step ahead tasks. On the other hand, the literature regarding the application of dynamic ensembles for multi-step aheadforecasting is scarce. Moreover, it is not clear how the combination rule is applied across the forecasting horizon. We carried out extensive experiments to analyze the application of dynamic ensembles for multi-step forecasting. We resorted to a case study with 3568 time series and an ensemble of 30 multi-output models. We discovered that dynamic ensembles based on arbitrating and windowing present the best performance according to average rank. Moreover, as the horizon increases, most approaches struggle to outperform a static ensemble that assigns equal weights to all models. The experiments are publicly available in a repository.
A Y-incision to Enlarge the Aortic Root for Aortic Valve Stenosis with Anomalous Aortic Origin of the Right Coronary Artery
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Miura Yujiro , Fukunaga Yukiko , Mtsuishi Atsuyuki
Published: July 2023

Background
Anomalous aortic origin of the coronary artery (AAOCA) is a rare congenital heart disease. Thus, optimal indications for surgery in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis (AS) complicated by AAOCA remain uncertain.
Case presentation
We report the case of a 57-year-old man who underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR) and aortic root enlargement using a Y-incision procedure for severe AS with an anomalous aortic origin of the right coronary artery (AAORCA). As preoperative single-photon emission computed tomography revealed no ischaemic lesions, an aortic root enlargement with a Y-incision was performed to avoid the potential compression of the prosthetic valve on the AAOCA and prosthesis-patient mismatch.
Conclusions
Preoperative evaluation of the coronary anatomy and myocardial ischaemia using advanced imaging modalities and aortic root enlargement with the Y-incision procedure is an effective strategy for preventing ischaemic complicationsin cases of severe AS with AAORCA.
Incorporating slow NMDA-type receptors with nonlinear voltage-dependent magnesium block in a next generation neural mass model: derivation and dynamics
Authors: Sheheitli Hiba , Jirsa Viktor
Published: July 2023

We derive a next generation neural mass model of a population of quadratic-integrate-and-fire neurons, with slow adaptation, and conductance-based AMPAR, GABAR and nonlinear NMDAR synapses. We show that the Lorentzian ansatz assumption can be satisfied by introducing a piece-wise polynomial approximation of the nonlinear voltage-dependent magnesium block of NMDAR current. We study the dynamics of the resulting system for two example cases of excitatory cortical neurons and inhibitory striatal neurons. Bifurcation diagrams are presented comparing the different dynamical regimes as compared to the case of linear NMDAR currents, along with sample comparison simulation time series demonstrating different possible oscillatory solutions. The omission of the nonlinearity of NMDAR currents results in a shift in the range (and possible disappearance) of the constant high firing rate regime, along with a modulation in the amplitude and frequency power spectrum of oscillations. Moreover, nonlinear NMDAR action is seen to be state-dependent and can have opposite effects depending on the type of neurons involved and the level of input firing rate received. The presented model can serve as a computationally efficient building block in whole brain network models for investigating the differential modulation of different types of synapses under neuromodulatory influence or receptor specific malfunction.
The effect of afforestation on inorganic carbon in soils of arid and semi-arid lands of northwest China
Authors: Zhu Xinglin , Si Jianhua , He Xiaohui , Jia Bing , Zhou Dongmeng , Wang Chunlin , Qin Jie , Liu Zijin
Published: July 2023

Alxa is a region with severe land desertification and extreme ecological fragility in China. The plantation in the area has effectively curbed the desertification of the local land. However, Studies on soil inorganic carbon（SIC）dynamics after sandy land afforestation are still relatively few. Understanding SIC profiles' distribution and stock changes after afforestation is essential for assessing regional, continental, and global soil carbon sink potential. Using 5, 11, 22, and 46 years of Haloxylon ammodendron (H. ammodendron) plantations and control sands (MS) in the Alxa region, we studied the variation characteristics of SIC with increasing stand age from 0 to 300 cm. Within the 0-300 cm soil layer, SIC storage increased significantly after afforestation, with 46yrs increasing by 6.52 kg m-2 compared to MS. SIC sequestration rate (CSR) decreased with increasing stand age, in the order of 5yrs（0.054 kg m-2 yr-1）＞11yrs（0.025 kg m-2 yr-1）＞22yrs（0.016 kg m-2 yr-1）＞46yrs（0.009 kg m-2 yr-1）. The 100~300 cm SIC storage accounts for over 60% of the SIC pool. Soil carbon pool estimation will be largely underestimated if only the shallow SIC is considered.
The Liouville current of holomorphic quadratic differential metrics
Authors: Shi Jiajun
Published: July 2023

In this paper we study the Liouville current of flat cone metrics coming from a holomorphic quadratic differential. Anja Bankovic and Christopher J. Leininger proved in \cite{bankovic2018marked} that for a fixed closed surface, there is a injection map from the space of flat cone metrics to the space of geodesic currents. We manage to show that metrics coming from holomorphic quadratic differentials can be distinguished from other flat metrics by just looking at the geodesic currents. The key idea is to analyze the support of Liouville current, which is a topological invariant independent of the metric, and get information about cone angles and holonomy. The holonomy part involves some subtlety of relationship between singular foliation and geodesic lamination. We also obtain an interesting result that almost all geodesics of a quadratic differential metric will be dense in the surface, and no other flat metrics have this property, which gives another judgement for whether a metric comes from a holomorphic quadratic differential.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2020) 51H25 · 53C99
Development of an anoikis-related gene signature for lung squamous cell carcinoma to predict prognosis, immune landscape, and immunotherapy response
Authors: Liu Jian , Wei Li
Published: July 2023

Background
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a highly invasive malignancy associated with a poor prognosis. Anoikis plays a crucial role in the malignant progression of various cancers. However, studies focusing on the role of anoikis in LUSC are needed.
Methods
A total of 357 anoikis-related genes (ARGs) were obtained from the GeneCards database and Harmonizome portals. Univariate Cox regression was used to identify prognostic ARGs for patients with LUSC, and the R package ConsensusClusterPlus was used to determine the subtypes. Lasso regression was used to build a prognostic risk model called the ARG score. Functional enrichment analysis was used to investigate the potential biological function of the ARGs. The ESTIMATE, ssGSEA, and CIBERSOT algorithms were used to evaluate the pattern of immune infiltration of patients with different LUSC subtypes and risk groups. The R package timeROC, survival, and survminer were used to test the accuracy of the prognostic model and to construct a nomogram. RT-PCR was used to detect differential expression of the 9 hub genes in LUSC and normal lung epithelial cells. Finally, OncoPredict was used to identify drugs with therapeutic value for patients in the high and low-risk groups.
Results
A total of 138 differentially expressed ARGs were selected, among which 15 survival-related ARGs were identified, and 3 subtypes (A, B, and C) with significant differences in the immune infiltration and survival outcomes were determined. Nine prognostic ARGs were identified to construct prognostic models, and the predictive capacity was verified in the GSE73403 and GSE30219 datasets. Patients with a high-risk score had worse outcome, and were associated with Tregs, resting memory CD4 + T cells, neutrophils, immune escape phenotypes, inflammatory response, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. A nomogram with excellent clinical diagnostic accuracy was established for LUSC patients. The 9 hub genes had lower expression in LUSC cell lines, except for CHEK2, FADD, and SPINK1. Finally, we identified several drugs for patients in different risk groups.
Conclusions
ARGs play a key role in LUSC, and the ARG score devised in this study may be a valuable tool for determining clinical prognosis and the immunotherapy response in patients with LUSC.
An amygdala-centered effective connectivity network in trait anxiety
Authors: Chang Jingjing , Liu Xin , Xue Song , Qiu Jiang
Published: July 2023

Previous studies have established that the amygdala plays an important role in trait anxiety. However, there remains limited knowledge regarding the changes in amygdala-centered effective connectivity network associated with this trait. The current study employed the Granger Causal analysis to investigate the directional connectivity patterns involving the amygdala in relation to trait anxiety in a large cohort of young adults. The results revealed a negative association between trait anxiety scores and the Granger causality from the left middle frontal gyrus and right superior frontal gyrus to the right amygdala. Conversely, higher trait anxiety levels were found to be associated with increased effective connectivity from the left amygdala to the left hippocampus. Moreover, the right superior frontal cortex-to-right amygdala Granger causality partly and negatively mediated the positive correlation between the left amygdala-to-left hippocampus Granger causality and trait anxiety. These results demonstrated the significance of the prefrontal cortex-amygdala-hippocampus neural circuitry in the neurobiological mechanisms underlying trait anxiety. Our findings might contribute to the supervision and mitigation of the potential transition from high trait anxiety to pathological states.
Naïve Bayes Classifier Based On Optimized Harmony Search Algorithm
Authors: Geng Daoqu , Wen Yunfei
Published: July 2023

Naïve Bayes classifiers have made a big splash in the field of data mining and supervised learning. However, the assumption of "conditional independence of attributes" is difficult to realize in reality, which affects the final classification results. To address this problem, this paper introduces a dynamic weighting mechanism to assign corresponding weights to each attribute according to its influence on the classification result, and constructs a weight-based naïve Bayes classifier. The classifier takes the classification error rate as the objective function, uses the Harmony Search Algorithm to calculate the global optimal weights, and assigns the weights to each attribute after normalization. To improve the optimal-seeking ability of the Harmony Search Algorithm, this paper optimizes its new solution generation method and reduces the probability of falling into a local optimum by using an optimization scheme that accepts worse solutions with a certain probability. Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm proposed in this paper has some improvement in classification indicators such as correct rate and F1-Score compared with the classical naïve Bayes classifier and other optimized naïve Bayes classifiers.