bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Further Study in Relationship Between Fruit and Air Temperatures
Authors: Powell Philip J.
Published: August 2018

Summarizing, the following points are emphasized as being important considerations in the proper heating of orange groves in Florida to protect the fruit against low temperatures:1.) With a fast drop of the air temperature, the fruit temperature tends to parallel it closely. With slowly falling or stationary air temperature, the fruit temperature invariably drops lower than the air temperature, except occasionally when freezing of the fruit has already begun. On dry nights, exposed oranges tend to maintain a temperature as much as 3° or more lower than a stationary or slowly falling air temperature. On nights when dew and frost form on the fruit, this temperature difference is usually reduced to from 1° to 2°. The factors believed responsible for this radically different characteristic of Florida oranges, as compared with California oranges, are the thinner rind and the greater amount of moisture in the rind of the Florida orange. Both these properties cause a faster rate of cooling by allowing more rapid conduction of heat from within the orange to the surface than does the thicker, drier skin of the California orange.2.) The proper use of fruit thermometers provides the best temperature index in scientific grove heating. On nights of dry cold, unshielded fruit thermometer records are representative of true grove conditions. From experimental data, however, it appears that to obtain reliable records on nights when the dew point temperature is high and frost forms, the puncture in the fruit made by the thermometer must be sealed with petroleum jelly, or some other suitable substance, to prevent the frost particles from coming in contact with the fruit juice at this point; otherwise, premature crystallization in the fruit will occur.
Color Memory in Cyanometry
Authors: Neuberger Hans , Neuberger Meta
Published: August 2018

It is shown that a memory scale for determination of sky-blueness will yield accurate and comparable observations.
The Climate of the Mediterranean Region
Authors: Conrad V.
Published: August 2018

Synopsis

I. In the first part the characteristic observational facts are given. Average comfortable winter temperatures, hot summers, and a dry period in summer are the significant features. Cloudiness is little, even in winter, in the rainy period.

II. The physical explanation is based on the pressure distribution and the main streamlines of the air. In winter, a “lake of low pressure” above the Mediterranean Sea caused by the warm surface water is embedded in the huge region of high pressure from the center of action at the Azores reaching to the continental high pressure. The warm sea intensifies cyclones invading from the Atlantic and gives rise to cyclones in the three parts of the Mediterranean Sea: the Gulf of Lyon, the Adriatic Sea, and the Cyprus region. The first and the last and Northwest Africa as well, are regions of convergence, as is seen from the streamlines of January.

In summer the well developed west-to-east pressure gradient causes three main currents directed toward the Persian Gulf. The northern and southern currents, over the high pressure areas of the cool Black Sea and the Mediterranean, respectively, are lines of divergence; the middle current over the heated south European lands is one of convergence. The important wind systems are indicated by this representation. The rainlessness during summer in the southern and eastern portions of the basin finds its explanation in the wind systems, on the one hand, and in the stability of the atmosphere caused by thermal conditions, on the other hand.

III. In the last part important local climatic features are presented: excessive rains in the desert; the bora and other cold winds; winter easterlies of Palestine; peaks of temperature; great daily ranges of temperature in the deserts; and the airmass analysis of the sirocco.
Middle East and Southwest Asia Daily Precipitation Characteristics Associated with the Madden–Julian Oscillation during Boreal Winter
Authors: Hoell Andrew , Cannon Forest , Barlow Mathew
Published: August 2018

The spatial and temporal evolution of Middle East and southwest Asia (MESW) precipitation characteristics and the associated atmospheric circulation during times in which tropical eastern Indian Ocean precipitation is either enhanced or reduced associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is assessed. Using multiple estimates of both the observed precipitation and the MJO during 1981–2016, the evolution of MESW precipitation characteristics throughout November–April is examined in terms of monthly precipitation accumulation on precipitation days, the number of precipitation days, and the number of extreme precipitation days. MJO phases 2–4, during which eastern Indian Ocean precipitation is enhanced, and MJO phases 6–8, during which eastern Indian Ocean precipitation is reduced, are related, with significant decreases and increases in the number of precipitation days across MESW, respectively. The patterns of precipitation-day changes between MJO phases undergo noteworthy spatial and temporal evolutions across the boreal cold season that are influenced by the interaction between Rossby wave forcing by the MJO and seasonal changes in both the upper-level jet and moisture over the region. During December–January, the changes in precipitation days are found primarily over northern MESW, while during February–March, the changes in precipitation days are found primarily over southern MESW. Although the results identify an important sensitivity in the number of precipitation days over the MESW related to the MJO, the same sensitivity is not apparent in terms of the number of extreme precipitation days and, in particular, the amount of precipitation on a precipitation day.
Socio-economic and Political Determinants of Terrorism in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Zahid Shahab , Yousaf Farooq , Zeb Khan
Published: August 2018

Pakistan is experiencing a youth bulge with more than half of its population under the age of 30 years. Economic, political and security challenges, however, prevent the nation from fully utilizing its demographic advantage. Over the last decade, terrorism has become a major security issue. This article is based on primary research of Pakistani university students’ views on terrorism and related challenges. Its results reveal that the youth is concerned about the domestic triggers of terrorism and students’ place of origin impact upon experiences of terrorism. Moreover, while just under two-thirds of respondents from federally administered tribal areas (FATA) said they had been directly affected by terrorism, less than one-third of Punjabis provided the same response.
The Grit in the Oyster? Women’s Parliamentary Organizations and the Substantive Representation of Women
Authors: Allen Peter , Childs Sarah
Published: August 2018

This article addresses a foundational question of political representation: how do representatives act for those they represent? In a shift away from analyses of individual representatives’ attitudes and behaviour, we identify Women’s Parliamentary Organizations as potential critical sites and critical actors for women’s substantive representation. Offering one of the most in-depth studies to date, our illustrative case is the long-standing UK Parliamentary Labour Party’s Women’s Committee. With a unique data set, and using both quantitative and qualitative methods, we systematically examine the Parliamentary Labour Party’s Women’s Committee efforts to substantively represent women over more than a decade. We find that the Committee sustains its focus on a small number of women’s issues and interacts with party leadership to advance women’s interests in a feminist direction. Our findings capture processes of political change, a frequently under-explored stage in studies of substantive representation. We close by identifying the potential for comparative research in this area.
Management of Acute Complications of Targeted Therapy in Patients With Cancer: A Review of Cases Managed in ICU
Authors: Pistone Aureliano , Durieux Valérie , Grigoriu Bogdan , Meert Anne-Pascale
Published: August 2018

Introduction:

Targeted therapies, molecules in full expansion, are not free of side effects that can lead patients to intensive care. We performed an extensive review of the published evidence and propose a management strategy for acute complications of targeted therapy in critically ill patients with cancer.

Methods:

The literature search was performed in August 2017 using the Ovid Medline system by a scientific librarian and physicians. We made a review of cases admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) and a review of toxicities of grades greater or equal to 3.

Results:

Our search selected 59 articles. The main cardiovascular side effects requiring ICU are heart failure, which is generally reversible, severe hypertension, thrombotic and ischemic events, and rhythm disturbances. The main pulmonary side effects are interstitial lung disease essentially caused by crizotinib, respiratory infections, pneumothorax, and alveolar hemorrhage. The main gastrointestinal side effects are fulminant hepatitis that may be fatal, colitis that may be complicated by hemorrhage, and perforation. The main neurological side effect is posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome essentially caused by bevacizumab. The main other side effects are Steven-Johnson syndrome, necrotizing fasciitis, and anaphylactic reactions.

Conclusions:

The side effects induced by targeted therapies may be fatal but are generally potentially reversible. The main treatment includes stopping current therapy and symptomatic management. Treatment rechallenge should be discussed on a case-by-case basis.
Subretinal Transplantation of Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells in the Treatment of Autoimmune Uveitis in Rats
Authors: Li Jinying , Qiu Chen , Zhang Zheng , Yuan Weixin , Ge Zhen , Tan Bing , Yang Pengjie , Liu Jia , Zhu Xiaolong , Qiu Cong , Lai Dongmei , Guo Lihe , Yu Luyang
Published: August 2018

As a featured ocular inflammatory disease, autoimmune uveitis is the major cause of blindness in the clinic. Although current immunosuppressive regimens can alleviate the progression of autoimmune uveitis, they have serious side effects. Therefore, an alternative therapeutic strategy is urgently required. The present study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) on autoimmune uveitis in a rat model. Herein, experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) was induced in rats via a subcutaneous injection of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein. EAU rats were treated with hAECs or the vehicle solution via a subretinal injection on day 0 and day 6 after immunization, and rats were sacrificed on day 12 and day 18 for further analysis. The pathological development of EAU was evaluated by slit lamp microscopy. Immune cell infiltration and retinal structure damage were examined by histological examination of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunofluorescence staining. T-cell subsets were detected by flow cytometry, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). hAEC treatment ameliorated the pathological progression of EAU and preserved the retinal structure organization and thickness, especially in the preventive group that received a subretinal injection on day 0. Moreover, hAECs inhibited the retinal infiltration of macrophages and T-cells. Mechanistically, hAECs modulated the balance of T-cell subsets by downregulating T helper (Th)17 cells and upregulating T regulatory (Treg) cells, as confirmed by decreased interleukin (IL)-17 and increased IL-10 levels in the spleens and lymph nodes of EAU rats. Furthermore, hAECs improved the local cytokine environment in EAU rats by suppressing the monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, IL-17 and interferon (IFN)-γ levels and enhancing the IL-10 in the aqueous humor. Therefore, subretinal transplantation of hAECs in EAU rats ameliorated ocular inflammation, preserved the retinal structure and coordinated the immune balance. The current study provides a novel therapeutic strategy for autoimmune uveitis and related ocular inflammatory diseases in the clinic.
Moving Beyond a One-Size-Fits-All View of Positive Affect in Health Research
Authors: Pressman Sarah D. , Cross Marie P.
Published: August 2018

Although the literature that connects positive affect (PA) to health has exploded over the last 20 years, the approach to studying this topic has remained simplistic. Specifically, researchers overwhelmingly rely on the principle that all PA is healthful, all of the time. Here, we review recent studies indicating that a more nuanced approach is valuable. In particular, we demonstrate that a more thoughtful approach to factors such as arousal, culture, timing, and measurement type results in a more complex picture of when PA is helpful and when it is not. Taking these issues into account also has implications for the types of mechanisms underlying these associations, as well as how other moderators might operate. Thus, we argue that considering these gradations will allow researchers to develop successful and theoretically based health interventions, untangle mixed findings, and enable a deeper understanding of the connection between PA and health.
Experiential Learning in Family Life Education Methodology: Low, Medium, and High Dosage Projects
Authors: Langlais Michael R.
Published: August 2018

Background: Family Life Education Methodology (FLEM) is an integral component of the family science collegiate curriculum. Given the range of topics and that material is not immediately interesting to students, teaching FLE courses is consistently reported as difficult. Purpose: The goal of this study is to evaluate an experiential learning approach to FLEM that addresses these pedagogical issues by expanding on the low, medium, and high dosage projects as proposed by Vaterlaus and Asay. Methodology/Approach: This approach was implemented with four FLEM classes in a midsize university ( N = 120). Students completed a low, medium, and high dosage project throughout each course, and completed written evaluations after each project, which were analyzed using qualitative analysis. Findings/Conclusions: Students reported multiple benefits for each project. The low dosage project was associated with learning what FLEM is, finding, and building on passions. The medium dosage project was associated with tangible and self-learning. The high dosage project was associated with outside learning and making a difference in the community. Implications: The proposed approach utilized multiple opportunities for experiential learning that appear beneficial for student learning. Replication is needed in other collegiate contexts to validate the approach.
Reducing variability in apparent operative inclination during total hip arthroplasty: findings of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: O’Neill Christopher K J , Hill Janet C , Patterson Christopher C , Molloy Dennis O , Gill Harinderjit S , Beverland David E
Published: August 2018

Aims:

To determine which of 3 methods of cup insertion most accurately achieved a target apparent operative inclination (AOI) of 35° ± 2.5°: (1) Freehand; (2) Modified Mechanical Alignment Guide (MAG); or (3) Digital Inclinometer assisted.

Methods:

Using a cementless cup via a posterior approach in lateral decubitus 270 participants were recruited, with 90 randomised to each method. The primary outcome was the unsigned deviation from target AOI. The digital inclinometer was used to measure AOI in all cases, though the surgeon remained blinded to the reading intraoperatively for both the Freehand and MAG methods.

Results:

Mean deviation from target AOI for the Freehand, Modified 35° MAG and Digital Inclinometer techniques was 2.9°, 1.8° and 1.3° respectively. When comparing mean deviation from target AOI, statistically significant differences between the Freehand / Inclinometer groups ( p < 0.001), the Freehand / Modified 35° MAG groups ( p < 0.001) and the Digital Inclinometer / Modified 35° MAG groups ( p < 0.023) were evident. The Digital Inclinometer technique enabled the surgeon to achieve a target AOI of 35° ± 2.5° in 88% of cases, compared to 71% of Modified 35° MAG cases and only 51% of Freehand cases.

Discussion:

The Digital Inclinometer and the Modified 35° MAG techniques were both more accurate than the Freehand technique, with the Digital Inclinometer technique proving most accurate overall. Radiographic inclination (RI) is also influenced by operative anteversion; however, the greatest source of error with respect to RI occurs when the pelvic sagittal plane is not horizontal at the time of acetabular component insertion. Clinical Trial Protocol number: NCT01831401
The Effect of Exercise on Oxygen Content in Anemic Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Copur Ahmet Sinan , Dogar Hannan , Chao Zhang , Wallace Leandra , Henegar Kevin , Anderson Nashreen , Fulambarker Ashok
Published: August 2018

Background:

Anemia is reported in one-third of the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Anemia, by decreasing oxygen content, can be a contributing factor for hypoxemia. We determined to find whether anemia causes more prominent hypoxia by decreasing the total oxygen content after exercise in anemic patients with COPD.

Methods:

Stable moderate-to-severe COPD patients with and without anemia were recruited. Arterial blood gas analyses were performed on room air before and after a 6-minute walking test (6MWT). Walking distance, oxygen saturation, and heart rate were recorded in each case before and after the 6MWT. Pulmonary function test measurements and other data were obtained from the chart. The mean and standard deviations were calculated for continuous variables. The independent t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed for numerical covariate and univariate analyses. The paired t-test was used for the analyses of data before and after exercise.

Results:

A total of 24 male patients were included in the study; 12 of which were anemic. The oxygen content was decreased in the anemic group (15.22 ± 1.28 vs 15.07 ± 1.22) after exercise, but it was not significant. In the non-anemic group, no oxygen content decrease was observed after exercise (18.83 ± 1.41 vs 18.9 ± 1.37). Interestingly, the Spo2, but not Sao2, was significantly lower after exercise in anemic patients with COPD (93.46% ± 5.06% vs 88.20% ± 6.35% before and after exercise, respectively).

Conclusions:

Anemia does not cause more prominent hypoxemia after exercise in patients with COPD. However, the recorded Spo2 levels were significantly lower after exercise in the anemic patients with COPD.
Multi-objective optimizations of the boot injection strategy for reactivity controlled compression ignition engines
Authors: Yazdani Kaveh , Amani Ehsan , Naderan Hamid
Published: August 2018

In this study, multi-objective optimizations of a reactivity controlled compression ignition engine are performed. The main focus is the investigation of effects of seven design variables, including swirl ratio, the first and second start of injections (SOI1 and SOI2), and four injection rate-shape parameters, on the objective parameters, namely, gross indicated efficiency, the second-law efficiency, ringing intensity, and emissions. The results show that in the low swirl ratio range (swirl ratio < 1), the emissions decrease by either increasing boot length or decreasing boot velocity. The physical analysis reveals that this is due to the penetration of the high-reactivity fuel vapor in whole squish area and a large portion of the crevice. This is because the more uniform mixture in the squish region slightly mitigates the formation of hot spots and NOx, and the propagation of reaction deeper into the crevice considerably reduces carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons there. The sensitivity analysis manifests that swirl ratio has the strongest effect on all objectives, and besides swirl ratio, SOI2 has the greatest impact on gross indicated efficiency and emission, while SOI1 has the strongest influence on second-law efficiency and ringing intensity. The optimal case with an advance of SOI1 and a slight retard of SOI2, that is, a longer duration between the two injections, a lower swirl ratio (of 0.5) with respect to the base case, and appropriate injection rate-shape parameters (a high boot length and low boot velocity), achieves the gross indicated efficiency of 54% and merit function of 615.
Group Yoga Effects on Cancer Patient and Caregiver Symptom Distress: Assessment of Self-reported Symptoms at a Comprehensive Cancer Center
Authors: Lopez Gabriel , Chaoul Alejandro , Powers-James Catherine , Eddy Carol A , Mallaiah Smitha , Gomez Telma I. , Williams Janet L , Wei Qi , Bruera Eduardo , Cohen Lorenzo
Published: August 2018

Background. Complementary and integrative health approaches such as yoga provide support for psychosocial health. We explored the effects of group-based yoga classes offered through an integrative medicine center at a comprehensive cancer center. Methods. Patients and caregivers had access to two yoga group classes: a lower intensity (YLow) or higher intensity (YHigh) class. Participants completed the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS; scale 0-10, 10 most severe) immediately before and after the class. ESAS subscales analyzed included global (GDS; score 0-90), physical (PHS; 0-60), and psychological distress (PSS; 0-20). Data were analyzed examining pre-yoga and post-yoga symptom scores using paired t-tests and between types of classes using ANOVAs. Results. From July 18, 2016, to August 8, 2017, 282 unique participants (205 patients, 77 caregivers; 85% female; ages 20-79 years) attended one or more yoga groups (mean 2.3). For all participants, we observed clinically significant reduction/improvement in GDS, PHS, and PSS scores and in symptoms (ESAS decrease ≥1; means) of anxiety, fatigue, well-being, depression, appetite, drowsiness, and sleep. Clinically significant improvement for both patients and caregivers was observed for anxiety, depression, fatigue, well-being, and all ESAS subscales. Comparing yoga groups, YLow contributed to greater improvement in sleep versus YHigh (−1.33 vs −0.50, P = .054). Improvement in fatigue for YLow was the greatest mean change (YLow −2.12). Conclusion. A single yoga group class resulted in clinically meaningful improvement of multiple self-reported symptoms. Further research is needed to better understand how yoga class content, intensity, and duration can affect outcomes.
Using Photo Elicitation to Introduce a Network Perspective on Attachment During Middle Childhood
Authors: Becke Sophia Daphne , Bongard Stephan
Published: August 2018

In this article, we develop a child-centered network approach to attachment during middle childhood. Following monotropic ideas, current attachment research focuses on parental attachment figures despite the expansion of the children’s social environment during middle childhood, failing to generate a comprehensive and structured overview of all individuals who ensure the children’s feeling of safety. Relying on quantitative methods, these studies are also dominated by an adult perspective, limiting the children’s contributions. While there have been theoretical drafts of attachment networks during childhood, this article constitutes the first practical implementation. Using photo elicitation interviews and participant observations, we developed an innovative assessment strategy that allows children to exhaustively identify and characterize all their attachment figures on sociostructural and functional dimensions, thus positioning the children at the center of their comprehensive attachment networks that collectively contribute to their feeling of security. We combine qualitative and quantitative data to assess the children’s own understanding of their feeling of security and to locate the individual attachment figure on context-specific social dimensions, thus making the research setting, a clan in Cameroon, an inherent part of the methodological development. The data are translated into multidimensional network diagrams to visualize the children’s perception of their attachment environment and the emerging patterns of their selection. We present an exemplary network, supplementing it with observational data to discuss the ecological validity of our approach.
Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm and Infective Endocarditis Involving a Bicuspid Aortic Valve in an Infant With Trisomy 21
Authors: Croom Nicole A. , Therrien Nicole , Chambliss Michael , Ursell Philip C.
Published: August 2018

A 19-month-old girl with trisomy 21 and a congenitally bicuspid aortic valve died following a short febrile illness. Autopsy disclosed pericarditis, epimyocardial abscess, infective endocarditis, and a sinus of Valsalva aneurysm. Microscopy demonstrated continuity between the aortic wall and valve leaflet, consistent with an acquired aneurysm. Abnormal hemodynamics associated with the valve malformation likely facilitated endocarditis.
Race, crime, and emotions
Authors: Burge Camille D. , Johnson Gbemende
Published: August 2018

Experimental research on racial attitudes examines how Whites’ stereotypes of Black Americans shape their attitudes about the death penalty, violent crime, and other punitive measures. Marginally discussed in the race-to-crime literature are Blacks’ perceptions of retribution and justice. We fill this void by using an original survey experiment of 900 Black Americans to examine how exposure to intra- and- intergroup violent crime shapes their policy attitudes and emotional reactions to crime. We find that Black Americans are more likely to support increased prison sentences for violent crimes when the perpetrator is White and the victim is Black, and reduced sentences for “Black-on-Black” crime. Our analyses further reveal that Black people express higher levels of anger when the victim is Black and the perpetrator is White; levels of shame and anger also increase in instances of Black-on-Black crime. Given current race relations in the United States, we conclude by speculating about how these emotional reactions might shape one’s willingness to participate in the political arena.
Spatial working memory performance following acute sport-related concussion
Authors: Whitten Tara A , Mang Cameron S , Cosh Madeline S , Scott Stephen H , Dukelow Sean P , Benson Brian W
Published: August 2018

Introduction

An important problem in the field of sport-related concussion is the lack of a ‘gold-standard’ clinical assessment tool. Currently, the diagnosis relies heavily on self-reporting of symptoms and observation of clinical signs by medical professionals. To address this, our group has been motivated to develop objective measures of neurological impairment following concussion. Spatial working memory is an important aspect of cognitive function that might be impaired following concussion. In the present study, we measured spatial working memory using a robotic spatial span task. We first assessed test–retest reliability in 82 healthy athletes who underwent baseline testing across two athletic seasons using intraclass correlation coefficients. We then assessed spatial span performance relative to baseline in 47 athletes acutely following sport-related concussion using a reliable change index with 80% confidence limits to define impairment on an individual basis.

Results

We found good test–retest reliability for the mean span (a measure of spatial working memory span length; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.79), and moderate reliability for the response duration (time taken per spatial target; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.64) in healthy athletes. However, only 19% of acutely concussed athletes showed evidence of impairment relative to baseline in mean span, and even fewer (9%) showed evidence of impairment in response duration. Analysis of serial position curves revealed primacy and recency effects for this task, but no group-level differences between concussed and healthy athletes. Analysis of specific types of errors showed a higher rate of substitution errors in the concussed group at baseline, suggesting possible malingering in a small number of athletes.

Conclusion

Overall, few athletes showed evidence of impaired spatial working memory acutely following concussion, suggesting either that spatial working memory is not commonly impaired acutely post-concussion, or that the present task is not sufficiently demanding.
Utilization of Imaging to Identify a Benign Condition Mimicking Acute Appendicitis in a Child
Authors: Phalke Neelam , Mehta Zubin , Das Samrat
Published: August 2018

One of the most concerning causes of abdominal pain affecting children is acute appendicitis. However, there are benign conditions that can closely mimic appendicitis in children. In this article, we present a case of a child admitted for possible acute appendicitis and determined to have a condition known as omental infarction. The patient was managed medically and made a full recovery without surgical intervention. The aim of this case report is to review omental infarction and present a way of differentiating this disease from appendicitis, utilizing imaging, with the goal of avoiding surgical intervention. We also discuss the presentation and imaging findings of and another closely related condition—epiploic appendagitis. It is important to differentiate appendicitis from these 2 conditions as they can be often managed medically without surgical intervention.
Precision medicine in pediatric oncology
Authors: Burdach Stefan E. G. , Westhoff Mike-Andrew , Steinhauser Maximilian Felix , Debatin Klaus-Michael
Published: August 2018

Outcome in treatment of childhood cancers has improved dramatically since the 1970s. This success was largely achieved by the implementation of cooperative clinical research trial groups that standardized and developed treatment of childhood cancer. Nevertheless, outcome in certain types of malignancies is still unfavorable. Intensification of conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy improved outcome only marginally at the cost of acute and long-term side effects. Hence, it is necessary to develop targeted therapy strategies.

Here, we review the developments and perspectives in precision medicine in pediatric oncology with a special focus on targeted drug therapies like kinase inhibitors and inducers of apoptosis, the impact of cancer genome sequencing and immunotherapy.
4D seismic feasibility study: The importance of anisotropy and hysteresis
Authors: Asaka Michinori , Luo Mu , Yamatani Takashi , Kato Ayato , Yoshimatsu Keita , Knapp Levi
Published: August 2018

Core velocity measurements are an essential part of any 4D seismic feasibility study. During recently conducted core velocity measurements, we found some interesting results regarding velocity anisotropy and hysteresis. These findings include: (1) the stress sensitivity of velocity varies depending on the propagation direction, (2) velocities measured during loading have a significantly larger stress sensitivity than those measured during unloading, and (3) horizontal effective stress has a noticeable impact on velocity anisotropy. We conducted rock physics analysis and 1D seismic forward modeling, incorporating velocity anisotropy, and found that the estimated 4D seismic signal is largely affected by velocity anisotropy and hysteresis. These findings suggest the importance of considering the velocity measurement direction and the nature of the stress change to obtain a realistic 4D seismic signal. Neglecting these considerations may lead to a significantly underestimated or overestimated modeled seismic response.
Influence of TP53 Mutation on Survival in Patients With Advanced EGFR-Mutant Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Aggarwal Charu , Davis Christiana W. , Mick Rosemarie , Thompson Jeffrey C. , Ahmed Saman , Jeffries Seth , Bagley Stephen , Gabriel Peter , Evans Tracey L. , Bauml Joshua M. , Ciunci Christine , Alley Evan , Morrissette Jennifer J.D. , Cohen Roger B. , Carpenter Erica L. , Langer Corey J.
Published: August 2018

Purpose

TP53 mutation (MT) in epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) -MT non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with poor response to targeted therapy; however, its impact on survival is not clearly established.

Patients and Methods

We performed an analysis of patients with stage IV EGFR MT NSCLC with available gene sequencing data. Associations between baseline characteristics; molecular profile, including TP53 MT; and survival outcomes were assessed.

Results

We identified 131 consecutive patients with EGFR MT; 81 (62%) had a TP53 MT, and 55 (42%) had other coexisting oncogenic MTs. Emergent EGFR T790M MT was observed in 42 patients (32%). Overall survival (OS) was longer for younger patients ( P = .003), never smokers ( P = .002), those with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 1 ( P = .004), and emergent T790M MT ( P = .018). TP53 MT ( P = .021) and other coexisting oncogenic MTs ( P = 0.011) were associated with inferior OS. In a multivariable regression analysis adjusted for age, smoking, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, and the presence of TP53 MT ( P = .063) and other coexisting MTs ( P = .064) did not achieve statistical significance. Patients with EGFR T790M /TP53 double MT had worse OS compared with patients with T790M MT alone (46.4 months v 82.9 months). In our series, five patients transformed to small-cell lung cancer (5.6%). All had TP53 MT. In four patients, allelic fraction of TP53 MT increased at the time of transformation.

Conclusion

The presence of TP53 and other coexisting MTs in EGFR MT NSCLC were associated with inferior OS, including patients with emergent T790M MT. An increase in TP53 mutation allelic fraction may potentially be a useful clinical predictor of small-cell transformation.
Building a Bridge Between Pediatric Anesthesiologists and Pediatric Intensive Care
Authors: Longacre Mckenna M. , Cummings Brian M. , Bader Angela M.
Published: August 2018

Despite the aligned histories, development, and contemporary practices, today, pediatric anesthesiologists are largely absent from pediatric intensive care units. Contributing to this divide are deficits in exposure to pediatric intensive care at all levels of training in anesthesia and significant credentialing barriers. These observations have led us to consider, does the current structure of training lead to the ability to optimally innovate and collaborate in the delivery of pediatric critical care? We consider how redesigning the pediatric critical care training pathway available for pediatric anesthesiologists may improve care of children both in and out of the operating room by facilitating further sharing of skills, research, and clinical experience. To do so, we review the nuances of both training tracts and the potential benefits and challenges of facilitating greater integration of these aligned fields.
Electrochemically Modulated Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectra of Aminoglutethimide (AGI) on a Ag-Sputtered Electrode
Authors: Zhu Zicheng , Espulgar Wilfred Villariza , Yoshikawa Hiroyuki , Saito Masato , Fan Bin , Dou Xiaoming , Tamiya Eiichi
Published: August 2018

We have investigated the quantitative detection of aminoglutethimide (AGI) based on its adsorption on a SERS-active screen-printed electrode employing Electrochemical Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (EC-SERS) technology. EC-SERS spectra of AGI molecules exhibited different adsorption mode onto the substrate with different potentials applied. When the applied potential reaches −400 mV, the intensities of the EC-SERS peaks provided by both aniline moiety and glutarimide moiety were significantly enhanced, which suggests the bidentate interaction of AGI molecule with the substrate. The peak of 1147 cm−1 showed the strongest intensity among the wavenumbers, with peak intensity over 30 times stronger than that of the standard SERS signal. A linear dependence occurred in the range of 1 × 10−5 M to 2 × 10−7 M. The limit of detection (LOD) is 40 ng/mL and the R squared of the linear curve was 0.98. This work was completed on a coin-sized chip using low sample volume (30 µL) only. Trace detection of this drug using this technique would be useful for the deterrence and prevention of dopant usage and other point-of-care diagnostics (POCD).
Chiral Selective Chemical Reaction of Flavin-Derivative-Wrapped Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Based on a Specific Recognition
Authors: Ozono Keita , Fukuzawa Masashi , Toshimitsu Fumiyuki , Shiraki Tomohiro , Fujigaya Tsuyohiko , Nakashima Naotoshi
Published: August 2018

A specific chiral selective chemical reaction on flavin-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is recognized based on a unique assembled structure formation of the flavin when using a chlorinated solvent such as chloroform; namely, the self-assembled flavin onto the SWNT surface protected (8,6)SWNTs from the chlorine radical reaction.
Forward Guidance without Common Knowledge
Authors: Angeletos George-Marios , Lian Chen
Published: August 2018

How does the economy respond to news about future policies or future fundamentals? Standard practice assumes that agents have common knowledge of such news and face no uncertainty about how others will respond. Relaxing this assumption attenuates the general equilibrium effects of news and rationalizes a form of myopia at the aggregate level. We establish these insights within a class of games which nests, but is not limited to, the New Keynesian model. Our results help resolve the forward-guidance puzzle, offer a rationale for the front-loading of fiscal stimuli, and illustrate more broadly the fragility of predictions that rest on long series of forward-looking feedback loops. (JEL D82, D83, D84, E12, E23, E52, E62)
Primeiro Registro de Aricoris campestris (H. Bates) (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) em Palma Forrageira Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck (Cactaceae) no Brasil
Authors: Souza Mileny dos Santos de , Souza José Thyago Aires , Lima Guilherme Ferreira Costa , Medeiros Márcio Raimundo de , Oliveira Robério de , Batista Jacinto de Luna
Published: August 2018

Resumo. A palma Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) foi introduzida no Brasil para produção do corante carmim, porém logo se descobriu seu potencial como forrageira.  Até então, os relatos eram de que essa planta tinha como principais insetos-praga um grupo de cochonilhas. Este trabalho relata pela primeira vez a presença de Aricoris campestris (H. Bates) infestando essa cultura.First Record of Aricoris campestris (H. Bates) (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) in Cacti Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck (Cactaceae) in BrazilAbstract. The Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) cacti was introduced in Brazil to produce the carmine dye, but soon its potential as forage was discovered. Until then reports were that this plant had as main insects-pest a group of mealybugs. This work reports for the first time the presence of Aricoris campestris (H. Bates) infesting this culture.
Registro de Tetranychus mexicanus (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) em mamoeiro (Carica papaya L.) no estado do Acre, Brasil
Authors: Santos Rodrigo Souza , Ferla Noeli Juarez , Ferla Júlia Jantsch , Da Silva Wangerlândia
Published: August 2018

Resumo. Foi efetuado o primeiro registro do ácaro Tetranychus mexicanus (McGregor) em mamoeiro no Município de Rio Branco, Acre. Foi detectada a presença de teia, perda de área fotossintetizante, necrose e secamento das folhas das plantas infestadas. Este é o primeiro registro dessa espécie de ácaro no estado do Acre.Record of Tetranychus mexicanus (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) in papaya plant (Carica papaya L.) in the Acre State, BrazilAbstract. The occurrence of the spider mite Tetranychus mexicanus (McGregor) in papaya plants was reported in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre state, Brazil. The leaves of the infested plants presented web, loss of photosynthesizing area, necrosis and drying. This is the first record of this species of mite in the Acre State.
A Model to Improve Hospital‐Based Palliative Care: The Palliative Care Redistribution Integrated System Model (PRISM)
Authors: Abedini Nauzley C. , Chopra Vineet
Published: August 2018

Many hospitalized patients have unmet palliative care needs that are exacerbated by gaps in the palliative care subspecialty workforce. Training frontline physicians, including hospitalists, to provide primary palliative care has been proposed as one solution to this problem. However, improving palliative care access requires more than development of the physician workforce. System‐level change and interdisciplinary approaches are also needed. Using task shifting as a guiding principle, we propose a new workforce framework (the Palliative care Redistribution Integrated System Model, or PRISM), which utilizes physician and nonphysician providers and resources to their maximum potential. We highlight the central role of hospitalists in this model and provide examples of innovations in screening, workflow, quality, and benchmarking to enable hospitalists to be purveyors of quality palliative care.
Robust Dynamic Pricing with Strategic Customers
Authors: Chen Yiwei , Farias Vivek F.
Published: August 2018

We consider the canonical revenue management (RM) problem wherein a seller must sell an inventory of some product over a finite horizon via an anonymous, posted price mechanism. Unlike typical models in RM, we assume that customers are forward looking. In particular, customers arrive randomly over time and strategize about their times of purchases. The private valuations of these customers decay over time and the customers incur monitoring costs; both the rates of decay and these monitoring costs are private information. This setting has resisted the design of optimal dynamic mechanisms heretofore. Optimal pricing schemes—an almost necessary mechanism format for practical RM considerations—have been similarly elusive.

The present paper proposes a mechanism we dub robust pricing. Robust pricing is guaranteed to achieve expected revenues that are at least within 29% of those under an optimal (not necessarily posted price) dynamic mechanism. We thus provide the first approximation algorithm for this problem. The robust pricing mechanism is practical, since it is an anonymous posted price mechanism and since the seller can compute the robust pricing policy for a problem without any knowledge of the distribution of customer discount factors and monitoring costs. The robust pricing mechanism also enjoys the simple interpretation of solving a dynamic pricing problem for myopic customers with the additional requirement of a novel “restricted sub-martingale constraint” on prices that discourages rapid discounting. We believe this interpretation is attractive to practitioners. Finally, numerical experiments suggest that the robust pricing mechanism is, for all intents, near optimal.
A New Perspective on the Adoption of Sustainable Agricultural Practices: A Review
Authors: Ansari S. A. , Tabassum Shazia
Published: August 2018

There have been plenty of studies investigating farmers’ decision to adopt sustainable agricultural practices but a lot more segregated studies exist, highlighting the importance of individual factors affecting adoption. This review addresses this gap and provides a suggestion to effectively understand adoption of sustainable agricultural practices by farmers from a comprehensive perspective. The study underscores and justifies the use of the integrated framework of Reasoned Action Approach/Theory of Planned Behavior, to present a new perspective on studying sustainable agriculture. The paper presents a review of empirical studies, reports and some review papers from past research from 1995 to 2014. Till now, only a handful of studies have incorporated the usage of this framework, which has significant relevance in studying the adoption behaviour of farmers. As suggested by previous studies about the use of socio-psychological models in agriculture, and the importance of studying adoption from multi-disciplinary a perspective, this study justifies the use and significance of Reasoned Action Approach/Theory of Planned Behaviour by providing evidences from past literature. The study concludes that the framework is comprehensive enough to look at the multidisciplinary aspects, necessary to investigate farmers’ adoption decisions, and thereby provides more than a starting point for contributing to the existing body of literature.
Farmers Strategies to Cope Labour Shortage in Northern and Southern Dry Zones of Karnataka, India
Authors: Satishkumar M. , Umesh K. B.
Published: August 2018

This study aimed to analyze the strategies adopted by the farmers to overcome the labour shortage in Sindhanur taluk of Raichur district and Mandya taluk of Mandya district. Random sample of 120 farmers each from the taluk were selected for the study. Opinion survey was conducted and results revealed that mechanization of agricultural operations, shifting towards less labour required crops, hiring labour from outside the village and intensive use of family labour are the major strategies adopted by farmers to overcome labour shortage. Mechanization in agriculture helped to solve the labour shortage. Therefore, this study concludes that the awareness among farmers should be created about existence of custom hiring centres and they should be encouraged to use it through self help groups based on subsidized rates.
Public Use of Outdoor Spaces as A Function of Landscape and Demographic Factors
Authors: George Clark Daniel George Clark , C. Jordan Rebecca
Published: August 2018

Spending time outside is beneficial to individuals in many ways. Since landscapes may be manipulated through policy mechanisms, planners and other land stewards may desire to know how they can manipulate landscapes to encourage greater park use. Our study used a questionnaire to measure multiple dimensions of park usage by suburban and urban residents – including time spent outside and activities they engaged in while in parks. We then performed a factor analysis to see how these park-related activities were related to landscape and demographic factors. Park visitation was demonstrated to the density and length of roadways, how much vegetation cover an area had, and demographic variables including pet ownership. Knowing that these are related can guide planners and land stewards in management of parks based on their landscape and the features of the population they serve.