bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production Process in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar , Christopher Femina Carolin
Published: October 2018

The most important stress related to the industrialized societies are diseases and health issues caused by taking medicines that are in unfavorable condition. The health issues caused due to the medications mainly depend on the quality of drugs. This is the main test confronted by any pharmaceutical organization wishing to guarantee its survival. The benefit in the pharmaceutical industries is higher. But now, the cost of the medicines is reduced as per the estimation is given by the government. Hence, pharmaceutical organizations now confront a moment of challenge to diminish costs through upgrading and enhancing their production methods. Based on the production process following in the pharmaceutical industries, the product quality can be varied and improved. This chapter prescribes the detailed information regarding the production practices that are followed in the pharmaceutical industries for the production of high-quality products.
Characteristics of Pharmaceutical Supply Chains
Authors: Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar , Saravanan Anbalagan
Published: October 2018

The pharmaceutical supply chain is presently a noteworthy research topic in process operations and administration. A lot of research has been embraced on office area and configuration, stock and circulation arranging, limit and generation arranging, and point-by-point planning. Just a little extent of this work straightforwardly addresses the issues confronted in the pharmaceutical division. The pharmaceutical industry is facing extraordinary difficulties caused by a maturing population, the expanding expense of medicinal services, the priority given by the governments to bring down the cost of medications, boundaries to a passage in developing markets, and the more extensive reception of non-specific medications. These are quite recently a portion of the many difficulties making weight on the overall revenue of pharmaceutical firms. Expanded expenses of R&D and a diminished number of affirmed sedates additionally demonstrates that the lion's share of prescription, which is anything but difficult to find, has just been found.
Distributed Trust Using Blockchain for Efficient Pharmaceutical Supply Chain
Authors: Nageswar Arun Kumar , Yellampalli Siva
Published: October 2018

With traditional ERP systems, there is a lack of networking among suppliers, partners, and logistics providers. So, there is a need to have a holistic view of production and movement of goods from production to last mile delivery. The physical and digital supply chains need to be integrated to ensure secure supply chains that promote business excellence, collaboration among stakeholders, and reduce costs. The high-level view over their supply chains allows them to function better in a multi-channel world. It also helps them identify where to reduce stock without compromising customer service. Otherwise, it leads to a delay in delivery, counterfeit products, thefts, fraud, and cyberpiracy, which may lead to lawsuits and losing of brand image. The tacit function of supply chain management is to provide tracking of specific goods in the supply chain. So, it is imperative to leverage the blockchain technology stack to map multi-enterprise value networks and enable connected multi-modal networks.
Racial Battle Fatigue and Mental Health in Black Men
Authors: Owens Delila , Lockhart Shanice , Matthews Dana Y. , Middleton Tanya J.
Published: October 2018

The experiences of Black men in the United States are significantly different from men of other racial and ethnic backgrounds. Black men have to deal with racism on a daily basis. Understanding of the effects of daily racism and its implications is limited. Racial battle fatigue is a relatively new concept in the field of mental health. The current chapter discusses the concept of racial battle fatigue and its effects on Black men. The authors discuss both the physical and psychological effects of daily racism on the health of Black men.
Culturally Responsive Mentoring Programs
Authors: Queener John E. , Ford Bridgie A.
Published: October 2018

Postsecondary education and training are deemed essential in today's and future job markets. Thus, the lower entry rates into and lower graduation rates from higher education by African American males place them in a long-term crisis economically and socially. Mentoring is strongly recommended as a significant component of comprehensive strategies to improve the retention and graduation rates of African American males. Research reveals that successful retention programs go beyond a one model fits all and are based on the unique characteristics and needs of students. The authors of this chapter assert that mentoring programs designed to improve retention and graduation rates of African American males must be scholarly based and authentically address the cultural needs of those students; therefore, the mentoring program must include culturally relevant constructs. This chapter discusses the design, implementation, and results of the pilot phase of a research-based culturally responsive mentoring program based on optimal psychology for African American males enrolled at a midwestern Predominately White Institution of higher education.
Online Representation of Culinary Heritage in Turkey in the Context of Cultural Policies
Authors: Giovanelli Sedef Erdogan
Published: October 2018

This chapter offers a rich socio-cultural discourse analysis of the culinary heritage of Turkey that promotes the local food heritage nationally and internationally by analysing two government websites and policy texts. First of all, the chapter attempts to crystalize various factors which influence the intangible cultural heritage management in policy framework by providing an overview of the intangible cultural heritage management in Turkey. Then, it traces back the development of food culture in Turkey and its relationship with governing strategies by locating the culinary heritage and its representations in the digital domain. Finally, the last part of the chapter is dedicated to data analysis of official food related websites which aims to analyse the online representation of culinary heritage by using computer-mediated discourse analysis.
Glocal Culture Policies and Social Memory
Authors: Karaarslan Faruk
Published: October 2018

Glocalization, the process of global companies developing a policy regarding local factors, is not an issue exclusively reserved to economics, international trade, or business management. It is, at the same time, closely related to culture and culture policies. The evaluation of local factors at a global scale is possible by discovering the local's cultural world above all, then turning it into a policy with successful public relations. This process is fundamentally globalization's way of producing memory for local factors. In this context, glocalization, with one of its aspects, is the building of a memory constituted of selected data for local factors. In this sense, the Google Doodle is an appropriate example. Google, which is a global company, produces a Google design proper to each country regarding its cultural factors. This study will analyse the glocal cultural policy of a global company through the example of the Google Doodle.
Turkey's Public Diplomacy and Digital Communication Tools
Authors: Göksu Oğuz
Published: October 2018

In this chapter, the functional and pragmatic aspects of public diplomacy in Turkey are emphasized. The chapter tries to determine which values of Turkey are highlighted in the public diplomacy perspective. In general terms, it has been argued that the digital communication is an ideological understanding of public diplomacy practices or that the understanding that national interests are held in the forefront is heavy. In this study, two questions were asked in order to establish Turkey's public diplomacy perspective. The first question is What are the messages of Turkey to international community and foreign people in the digital age? The second question is How does Turkey communicate its message to the international community and foreign people in digital age and what tools do they use in this process? The answers to these questions were sought in general. The identified research questions were searched by digital applications, institutions' use of new media, and speech of person of government.
Digitalization in Cinema in Turkey
Authors: Özalpman Deniz , Kaba Sibel
Published: October 2018

The chapter deals with the topical issue of cultural policies through digitalization in cinema in Turkey, discussing the appropriate frameworks that need to be put in force. In a rapidly developing society like Turkey, the problems of digitalization in cinema vis-à-vis neoliberal regulation are being debated. Three crucial areas for a digital cultural policy in cinema are identified, namely expanding public service mindset on new services and national digital platforms, creating a communications policy framework of the different parties involved as government, parliament, regulatory authorities, the public service media, and the designated third parties as civil society and market representatives, and stimulating debate to follow an anti-monopolistic progression in (digitalized) cinema.
Adoption of a New Technology
Authors: Ebrahimi Mahshid
Published: October 2018

This chapter explores the factors of technological adoption in public and private sectors in developing countries. Public organizations are under the control of government to serve the citizens of the country, and private companies are owned and controlled by private individuals or companies and attempt to earn profits. Generally, in developing countries, industry as private firms is smaller than public organizations, and they struggle with lots of challenges in adoption of acquired technologies from foreign owners. In this study, after reviewing existing studies, based on the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework, a relative comprehensive model is proposed and tested in both types of companies. Afterward, the importance of factors and sub-factors are evaluated by experts' viewpoints. The sample size is 200 selected by simple random sampling method. The results show that organizational factors in public organizations and environmental factors in private companies are very important.
Dynamic Modeling of Balanced Scorecard
Authors: Mostafavi Esmail
Published: October 2018

This chapter aims to use system dynamic (SD) methodology for the implementation of a balanced scorecard (BSC) model in Tehran Telecommunication Company-Data Network. The value of this chapter at first is related to the application of SD in a BSC which overcomes the limitations of BSC such as ignoring time dimension and causal loop, lack of integration between strategic and operational levels, and wider view to consider competitors and supplier contributions. It provides a causal loop diagram of the system and dynamic modeling for each perspective of the BSC that can be applied for the purpose of policymaking. The chapter is based on a case study of Tehran Telecommunication Company-Data Network, which is a service-based company. Thus, it provides knowledge and information for academicians and practitioners of BSC and SD to implement SD based on a BSC in companies, especially service-based firms.
Risk Analysis of ICT Assets
Authors: Dadmarz Hamed H.
Published: October 2018

Risk analysis is required in all companies to help the business owners or top managers make decisions about risk management strategy, which itself provides an organization with a roadmap for information and information infrastructure protection aligned to business goals and the organization's risk profile. This chapter identifies information assets including network, electricity, hardware, service, software, and human resources in the ICT department of a health insurance company and their relevant risks. To determine the risks, the level of confidentiality, level of integrity, level of availability, the likelihood of threat occurrence, and intensity of vulnerability have been assessed and rated. Assessment is done based on the opinions of 30 experts in the field of information security. According to the results, the highest information security risk is on the network.
Students' Uses of a Private Margin on Public Online Discussions
Authors: Forde Carl J. , O'Neill Kevin
Published: October 2018

For centuries, marginal notes have been integral to the acts of reading and studying. In the print realm, margins provide a private space where readers can record their initial reactions to text. Today many postsecondary students use online discussion forums as a prescribed part of course activities; yet these forums typically provide no private space for students to record their initial reactions to one another's posts. The authors added a private margin to the online discussion environment used in two graduate courses and examined students' uses of it. Without any specific instruction or encouragement, students used this margin as an integral part of how they participated in the discussion forum over the entire semester. The most common uses of the Virtual Margin were to privately record opinions on other students' posts, to create summaries of others' posts for personal study, and to create private drafts of notes to post publicly later. Overall, the results suggest that a private margin has potential to assist students in their learning and in developing public forum contributions.
Evolution of ArchiMate and ArchiMate Models
Authors: Silva Nuno , Sousa Pedro , Mira da Silva Miguel
Published: October 2018

Models are a fundamental aspect of enterprise architecture, as they capture the concepts and relationships that describe the essentials of the different enterprise domains. These models are tightly coupled to an enterprise architecture modeling language that defines the rules for creating and updating such models. In the model-driven engineering field, these languages are formalized as meta-models. Over time, to keep up with the need to capture a more complex reality in their enterprise architecture models, organizations need to enrich the meta-model and, consequently, migrate the existing models. Model migration poses a strenuous modeling effort with the gathering of enterprise data and model redesign, leading to an error-prone and time-consuming task. In this chapter, the authors present a catalog of co-evolution operations for enabling automation of ArchiMate model migration based on a set of meta-model changes.
Exploring Business Process Agility From the Designer's Perspective
Authors: Routis Ioannis , Nikolaidou Mara , Alexopoulou Nancy
Published: October 2018

Business process agility remains an intriguing issue for business process management (BPM) when it comes to modeling human-centric processes. Several attempts were made from academia to find alternative approaches, with the reputable adaptive case management to be introduced recently as an alternative to BPM methodology and case management modeling and notation (CMMN) standard, as an alternative language of business process management notation (BPMN), targeting the modeling of human-centric processes characterized by agility. This chapter identifies the nature of human-centric processes, as its main objective is to examine whether using CMMN for the design and modeling of such processes could cover their agility requirements.
FME Technique for Reduced Method Rejection
Authors: Goyal S. B.
Published: October 2018

In situational method engineering (SME), there are two core intentions that method engineers look for: 1) a set method engineering goal that is the kind of method needed and 2) a method allowing him to satisfy this goal. This chapter can capture method engineering's goal using a generic process model (GPM) that guides the method engineering in the definition of his project method engineering goal and in the selection approach that best allows him to achieve it. The authors wish to move to functional method engineering so as to explore the context of method engineering/situational method engineering more fully based on functional and non-functional method situation. The implications of the approach on CAME tool design are considered and illustrated through a running example.
On the Rim Between Business Processes and Software Systems
Authors: Ferreira da Cruz Maria Estrela , Machado Ricardo J. , Santos Maribel Yasmina
Published: October 2018

The constant change and rising complexity of organizations, mainly due to the transforming nature of their business processes, has driven the increase of interest in business process management by organizations. It is recognized that knowing business processes can help to ensure that the software under development will meet the business needs. Some of software development processes (like unified process) already refer to business process modeling as a first effort in the software development process. A business process model usually is created under the supervision, clarification, approval, and validation of the business stakeholders. Thus, a business process model is a proper representation of the reality (as is or to be), having lots of useful information that can be used in the development of the software system that will support the business. The chapter uses the information existing in business process models to derive software models specially focused in generating a data model.
Improving Application Integration by Combining Services and Resources
Authors: Delgado José Carlos Martins
Published: October 2018

The main application integration approaches, the service-oriented architecture (SOA) and representational state transfer (REST) architectural styles, are rather different in their modeling paradigm, forcing application developers to choose between one and the other. In addition, both introduce more application coupling than required, since data schemas need to be common, even if not all instantiations of those schemas are used. This chapter contends that it is possible to improve this scenario by conceiving a new architectural style, structural services, which combines services and resources to reduce the semantic gap with the applications, allowing to tune the application integration between pure service-based and pure resource-based, or an intermediate mix. Unlike REST, resources are not constrained to offer a fixed set of operations, and unlike SOA, services are allowed to have structure. In addition, compliance is used to reduce coupling to the bare minimum required by the actually used application features.
Reference Scheme Modeling
Authors: Halpin Terry
Published: October 2018

In natural language, individual things are typically referenced by proper names or definite descriptions. Data modeling languages differ considerably in their support for such linguistic reference schemes. Understanding these differences is important both for modeling reference schemes within such languages and for transforming models from one language to another. This chapter provides a comparative review of reference scheme modeling within the Unified Modeling Language (version 2.5.1), the Barker dialect of entity relationship modeling, Object-Role Modeling (version 2), relational database modeling, the Web Ontology Language (version 2.0), and LogiQL (an extended form of datalog). The authors identify which kinds of reference schemes can be captured within these languages as well as those reference schemes that cannot be captured. The analysis covers simple reference schemes, compound reference schemes, disjunctive reference, and context-dependent reference schemes.
Predicting Woody Plant Diversity as Key Component of Ecosystems
Authors: Solomou Alexandra D. , Sfougaris Athanassios
Published: October 2018

The Mediterranean basin is a global hotspot of biodiversity. Woody plants are key components of ecosystems. This article explores the environmental impacts on woody plant species richness and diversity in maquis and abandoned olive groves in an important ecological area of central Greece. The results showed that woody plant species richness and diversity had increasing values in maquis compared to abandoned olive groves. According to Principal Component Analysis, woody plant species richness and diversity (Shannon diversity index) were positively correlated with soil organic matter, plant litter, N, P, K, slope and precipitation in maquis. Also, positive correlations among woody plant species richness and diversity, and soil organic matter, and slope were detected in abandoned olive groves. Conclusively, the present study is the first in the area and the results it will be utilized as a decision support tool for sustainability assessment of ecosystems with the help of the information systems.
Predictive Analytics of Hyper-Connected Collaborative Network
Authors: Alirezaei Ehsan , Parsa Saeed , Vahedi Zahra
Published: October 2018

The foundation of the infrastructure of a collaborative network for ubiquitous connectivity will employ hyper-connected technologies in smart and sustainable cities. Typically, there are millions of items for processing and analytics on the massive generated data. The predictive analytics are indispensable for such volumes of which there are many drifts in data structures and contents. In order to make better decisions and future planning of ubiquity, a model, and correspondence implementation are designed and developed. It brings decision-making to the expected boundary of collaboration for different performance indexes. The selected method finds cause-and-effect between data to predict the optimum responses to incoming events. The core of approach focuses on Event-Condition-Action rules to build decision trees, which helps further planning. The method can summarize complexity via effective recommended decisions to local experts and analysts.
A Non-Cooperative Game Analysis of Competition between Content Providers in the Internet Market
Authors: Outanoute M'hamed , Garmani Hamid , Baslam Mohamed , El Ayachi Rachid , Bouikhalene Belaid
Published: October 2018

In internet market, content providers (CPs) continue to play a primordial role in the process of accessing different types of data. Competition in this area is fierce; customers are looking for providers that offer them good content (credibility of content and quality of service) with a reasonable price. In this work, the authors analyze this competition between CPs and the economic influence of their strategies on the market. The authors formulate their problem as a non-cooperative game among multiple CPs for the same market. Through a detailed analysis, the researchers prove uniqueness of a pure Nash Equilibrium (NE). Furthermore, a fully distributed algorithm to converge on the NE point is presented. In order to quantify how efficient the NE point is, a detailed analysis of the Price of Anarchy (PoA) is adopted to ensure the performance of the system at equilibrium. Finally, an extensive numerical study is provided to describe the interactions between CPs and to point out the importance of quality of service (QoS) and credibility of content in the market.
Beyond Incarcerated Identities
Authors: Harmes Marcus K. , Hopkins Susan , Farley Helen
Published: October 2018

Incarcerated students face multiple obstacles and constraints while attempting to complete tertiary and pre-tertiary educational programs within Australian prisons. Some of these barriers relate to the individual's attitudes and actions, during and prior to imprisonment, while other barriers may relate to systemic bias and social disadvantages, which the individual cannot control. The classed and racialized realities of Australia's criminal justice system are evident in the dramatically disproportionate rate of imprisonment of Indigenous people, and in Australian state governments' increasingly punitive approach to crime and sentencing which typically captures already excluded and marginalised populations. This prevailing ‘criminology of the other,' creates particular tensions for incarcerated students, who are typically attempting to construct positive student identities, as an alternative to being defined as ‘other,' ‘criminal' or ‘deviant.' Using data from a focus group discussion with 12 male incarcerated students inside an Australian prison, this article gives voice to our incarcerated university students, their attempts to construct new horizons for the self through education, and the numerous barriers they encounter along the way.
Building Bridges Across Diversity
Authors: King Hannah , Measham Fiona , O'Brien Kate
Published: October 2018

The Inside-Out Prison Exchange Programme is a unique prison education programme that brings together ‘Inside' (prison) students and ‘Outside' (university) students to learn collaboratively through dialogue and community-building exercises within the prison walls. Challenging prejudices and breaking down social barriers, the programme provides students from diverse backgrounds with a transformative learning opportunity. Drawing on the critical pedagogy of Paolo Freire and the teaching practice of bell hooks, Inside-Out instructors engage in ‘teaching to transgress,' enabling students to understand experientially the ways in which every day and commonplace environments are shaped by privilege and inequalities. The programme was founded 20 years ago by Temple University criminologist Lori Pompa in collaboration with incarcerated men at Graterford State Correctional Institution in response to the racial injustice and mass incarceration that characterized the US criminal justice system. Durham University criminologists introduced Inside-Out to the UK in 2014, at three very different prisons: a men's category A (high security) prison, a men's category B (medium security) prison and a women's prison. A decade on the government's introduction of the Widening Participation agenda in higher education (HE), with levels of inequality in and access to HE, particularly within Russell Group Universities, is persistently high, Inside-Out challenges this lack of diversity in HE head on. This article explores how the Inside-Out ethos and pedagogy are powerful means through which inequalities rooted in gender, ethnicity and privilege can be exposed and challenged within the unique prism of the prison setting. Quantitative and qualitative data from three years of programme delivery across the three prisons will be drawn upon. The article will argue that the Inside-Out model can overcome social barriers and prejudices to embrace and celebrate diversity; support students to critically explore their own beliefs and identities; and go on to utilise this educational experience to foster social change on both sides of the prison walls.
Consistent Scaling Laws for Thrusting Environment
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Sharma M.L. , Das Josodhir
Published: October 2018

The main objective of the present article is to develop self-consistent empirical relationships between rupture parameters and moment magnitude for the Himalayas. The database includes the fault rupture parameters of significant earthquakes in the Himalayan region and thrusting earthquakes from NGA West-2 database. The existing empirical relationships between magnitude and rupture parameters are reviewed in view of their consistency. The consistent relationships between moment magnitude and rupture parameters are derived and compared with the existing such relationships. The comparison of the developed consistent relationships reveal that the rupture length was being underestimated in the range of magnitude from 7 to 8, whereas it was overestimated in the lower range of magnitudes using inconsistent empirical relationships. While rupture width was overestimated for the entire range of magnitudes using inconsistent relationships, the rupture area was underestimated for magnitude greater than 7.
A Hybrid Feature Selection Method for Effective Data Classification in Data Mining Applications
Authors: Sangaiya Ilangovan , Kumar A. Vincent Antony
Published: October 2018

In data mining, people require feature selection to select relevant features and to remove unimportant irrelevant features from a original data set based on some evolution criteria. Filter and wrapper are the two methods used but here the authors have proposed a hybrid feature selection method to take advantage of both methods. The proposed method uses symmetrical uncertainty and genetic algorithms for selecting the optimal feature subset. This has been done so as to improve processing time by reducing the dimension of the data set without compromising the classification accuracy. This proposed hybrid algorithm is much faster and scales well to the data set in terms of selected features, classification accuracy and running time than most existing algorithms.
Statically Optimal Binary Search Tree Computation Using Non-Serial Polyadic Dynamic Programming on GPU's
Authors: Wani Mohsin Altaf , Ahmad Manzoor
Published: October 2018

Modern GPUs perform computation at a very high rate when compared to CPUs; as a result, they are increasingly used for general purpose parallel computation. Determining if a statically optimal binary search tree is an optimization problem to find the optimal arrangement of nodes in a binary search tree so that average search time is minimized. Knuth's modification to the dynamic programming algorithm improves the time complexity to O(n2). We develop a multiple GPU-based implementation of this algorithm using different approaches. Using suitable GPU implementation for a given workload provides a speedup of up to four times over other GPU based implementations. We are able to achieve a speedup factor of 409 on older GTX 570 and a speedup factor of 745 is achieved on a more modern GTX 1060 when compared to a conventional single threaded CPU based implementation.
Influences and Intention of Consumer's Online Shopping Decision
Authors: Al-Dwairi Radwan Moh'd , Al Azzam Murad
Published: October 2018

Many researchers in Jordan tried to study customers' behavior in the domain of online shopping to understand consumers' attitudes and behaviors towards the adoption process. Still, a lot of work is to be done as customers real usage and adoption level is low which entails more research to be done to investigate the main reasons behind such behavior. In response, this article aims to shed light on consumers' attitudes towards online shopping decisions and extends the technology acceptance model ease of use, perceived usefulness) of the technology acceptance model (TAM) with four factors (trust, security, privacy, and risk). As such, 200 undergraduate and postgraduate students from Yarmouk University formulate the sample of this study. Findings indicate that the six factors are significantly impact consumers' intention to adopt online shopping. Additionally, the F-test of this study indicates that a linear relationship exists between the model's variables and consequently they can be utilized to study this process.
A Review of Factors Influencing Customer Acceptance of Internet of Things Services
Authors: Al-Momani Adai Mohammad , Mahmoud Moamin A. , Ahmad Mohd Sharifuddin
Published: October 2018

Current studies in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) focus on the technical aspects such as programing, hardware, and software. However, studies from the behavioral aspects of the IoT are still in their infancy. In this article, the authors review and analyze theories and models from the literature and subsequently identify factors that influence customers' acceptance and use of the IoT services. Theories such as technology acceptance model (TAM) and unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) as well as number of existing models have investigated the IoT or similar technologies. Using these models and technologies, this article presents the development of a generic model which can be utilized in different domains and regions to study customer acceptance of the IoT services.
Non-Gradient Based PDF Approximation for Sensor Selection in Cognitive Sensor Networks
Authors: Aghdam Mohammad Reza Ghavidel , Abdolee Reza , Sahbari S. K. Seyyedi , Tazehkand Behzad Mozaffari
Published: October 2018

Energy consumption in detection is a key objective for cognitive sensor network. Therefore, measuring the energy consumption is an important issue for efficient spectrum sensing. In order to compute the consumed energy at sensor nodes, their energy probability density function (PDF) is often required. In this article, the authors study the problem of spectrum sensing in cognitive networks and focus on strategies that can substantially affect the energy efficiency and complexity of such algorithms. In particular, they consider an energy detection mechanism in cooperative spectrum sensing where the knowledge of the energy PDF is the key. Since in practice the true value of such a PDF is unavailable, the authors propose to use non-gradient based optimization algorithms to find the parameters of approximated PDF function. In the proposed method, the corresponding PDF parameters are computed iteratively using Genetic and PSO algorithms. The numerical results show that the proposed technique outperforms prior methods.
Internet of Things for a Smart Transportation System
Authors: Awad Ahmed Y. , Mohan Seshadri
Published: October 2018

Today, school buses transport millions of students to and from schools. Therefore, safety of school students is still a hot topic and the most imperative issue. The evolution of wireless location-based services has created consumer requests for availability of global positioning systems (GPS) in urban and indoor environments. Nowadays, there is a requirement to deliver a system for the school bus, that monitors its location and speed. This work investigates two different ways to track the vehicle through ordinary GPS, Assisted-GPS (AGPS). A-GPS improves startup performance (time-to-first-fix (TTFF)), of a GPS satellite-based positioning system in the downtown of big cities depending on 4G/LTE cellular networks. The proposed system is basically built using Raspberry Pi (3) with 4G model shield and important telematics technologies like Representational state transfer (RESTful API) which is the vital key for the Internet of Things (IoT) field.
Qualitative Analysis of IT/IS Evaluation Practices in Private Organisations in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Maliki Saeed Q. Al-Khalidi
Published: October 2018

Many studies have been carried out on information technology/information systems (IT/IS) in the Western world, but little research has been conducted in the Saudi private sector. This study has been conducted to identify and examine the IT/IS evaluation processes employed in the Saudi private sector and any factors that hinder such organisations from evaluating their systems effectively. This article concentrates on the results of those interviews. Numerous studies have been conducted on the mechanisms of IT/IS evaluation techniques and the factors affecting their implementation, but there are very few studies in this field in Saudi Arabia, and they are generally sections of other main studies about IT implementation, use, and investment. This article aims to identify means of evaluating IT/IS in the private sector. 30 IT managers in private-sector companies were randomly selected from the list of top companies issued by the Council of Saudi Chambers of Commerce in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Software Vulnerability and Application Security Risk
Authors: Peng Jianping , Guo Meiwen , Quan Jing
Published: October 2018

This research investigates the software vendor-based relationships between software vulnerability and application security risk. The data is obtained from the China National Vulnerability Database of Information Security (CNNVD). At first, we use the latent class model to classify the software vendors into three categories, and then employ regression models to estimate relationships between software vulnerability and application security risk for each of the three categories of the software vendors. The results show the relationships vary across the software vendors. The findings suggest that an IT vendor should learn specific vulnerability features according to its type to effectively avoid vulnerability generation on their products.
Organizational E-Mentoring and Learning
Authors: Haran Vidya V. , Jeyaraj Anand
Published: October 2018

This article explores the process by which e-mentoring unfolds in organizational settings, emphasizing the crucial role of learning that acts as the intermediate step between mentoring functions and organizational outcomes. Specifically, the authors investigate how e-mentoring functions—career support, psycho-social, and role modeling—support the protégé's learning, and how learning increases organizational commitment of the protégés. Data was collected through an online survey of 59 individuals in two multinational organizations that had mentoring programs. Analysis using SmartPLS 3.0 showed that career and role modeling support are statistically significant predictors of learning, and learning predicts organizational commitment as expected. Contrary to face-to-face mentoring literature, the direct link between the mentoring functions and organizational commitment is not supported. The authors conclude with implications for research and practice.
On the Conceptualization of Elastic Service Evaluation in Cloud Computing
Authors: Feng Danqing , Wu Zhibo , Zhang Zhan , Fu Jinwei
Published: October 2018

Cloud computing is becoming an urgent technology in the enterprises. One key characteristic in the cloud computing is the elasticity. Then, it is urgent for the users how to rank the renting services reasonably. Considering the main features of the elasticity, this article gives classification on resource optimization. However, one of the major challenges is how to optimize resource allocation in an elastic manner. Due to the special pay-as-you-go manner, resource optimizing strategies are associated with the goal of minimizing the costs on the premise of service-level-agreement (SLA). Another challenge of resource optimizing strategies is to how to dynamically respond to the application demands. In this paper, the authors sketch the elastic definition more clearly. Secondly, different dimensions are described on elastic resource allocations. Thirdly, it is important to seek out the proper resource allocation strategy. Finally, the challenges and conclusions are discussed in this article.
SALUTO DEL PRESIDENTE DELLâ€™ISTITUTO LOMBARDO
Authors: Beretta Silvio
Published: October 2018

Non disponibile / Not available
INTRODUZIONE
Authors: Pellicciari Carlo
Published: October 2018

Non disponibile / Not available
NANOVECTORS FOR TRANSDERMAL ADMINISTRATION: WHERE ARE WE?
Authors: Cilurzo Francesco , FranzÃ© Silvia , Musazzi Umberto M
Published: October 2018

The skin is the most important barrier of human body to prevent the absorption of exogenous substances. Its ability to limit the absorption of exogenous substances is exercised by the most superficial layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum, which consists of about 15-20 layers of corneocytes supported by keratin fibres. The extracellular spaces are filled with a very dense lipid matrix organized in periodic lamellae, whereas the interlamellar spaces are constituted by a more fluid lipid matrix. In addition, where the corneocytes are not perfectly overlapped, pores with a higher water content are created. This complex organization allows only the passive diffusion of small molecules with peculiar chemical-physical properties. In all the other cases, it is necessary to improve the transdermal absorption of drugs using techniques able to alter reversibly the functionality of the stratum corneum, such as chemical skin penetration enhancers, iontophoresis or sonophoresis. In the era of nanotechnology, an intense effort has been made to design nanocarriers able to permeate the skin (e.g., polymeric nanoparticles, metal or solid-lipid, micro- and nanoemulsions, lipid vesicles). Nevertheless, the results are contradictory and there is scepticism in the scientific community about the real benefits of these systems compared to other traditional approaches. In fact, assuming the stratum corneum as a nanoporous membrane with openings of about 20-40 nm, the size of most of the nanocarriers is too big for permitting theoretically the skin penetration and diffusion. However, despite this consideration, on the market there are some medicinal products consisting of lipid vesicles. Starting from the critical analysis of the published information on possible permeation mechanisms of different types of nanocarriers, this review outlines lights and shadows on the (trans-)dermal administration of these drug delivery systems.
MONITORING THE UPTAKE AND INTRACELLULAR FATE OF NANOVECTORS BY MICROSCOPICAL TECHNIQUES
Authors: Costanzo Manuela , Carton Flavia , Malatesta Manuela
Published: October 2018

Nanovectors are receiving great attention for their potential in therapeutic and diagnostic applications as innovative systems for drug delivery and medical imaging. Their unique features allow them to pass through the biological barriers, to accumulate at the target sites, to protect the loaded drugs from enzymatic degradation and to modulate their release. To design effective and safe administration procedures of nanovectors it is obviously mandatory to assess their possible cytotoxicity, but it is also essential to elucidate the uptake mechanism(s), the intracellular trafficking pathway, the interactions with cell organelles and the intracellular persistence of nanovectors, paying particular attention to their degradation routes. Microscopy is especially suitable to describe the interaction of nanocarriers with the cell surface and their intracellular fate following internalization. Fluorochrome-labelled nanoparticles may be observed by conventional and confocal fluorescence microscopy, while the higher resolution of transmission electron microscopy allows to reveal the specific relationships of nanocomposites with the subcellular constituents. This work summarizes some studies performed by different microscopical techniques to evaluate the properties of nanoparticles intended for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.
SALUTO DEL PRESIDENTE DELLâ€™ISTITUTO LOMBARDO
Authors: Beretta Silvio
Published: October 2018

Non Presente.
LA LOGICA È EMPIRICA?
Authors: Sforza Fogliani Maria Paola
Published: October 2018

We owe to Hilary Putnam, among many other things, one of the most interesting revision of classical logic ever proposed; according to the author – or at least according to some of his temporal parts – we should abandon the distributive law in light of some quantum mechanics’ results. After having presented Putnam’s ideas (§1), and having set them within the philosophy of logic’s framework (§2), I will discuss one of the main arguments ever presented against the possibility of modifying logic on empirical bases, namely what Putnam himself has labeled ‘the centrality argument’ (§3). I will maintain that if this argument is correct then Putnam’s proposal – other than because of the criticisms that can be leveled at it from the point of view of the physical theories – fails for purely philosophical and logical reasons.
EQUITÃ€ E WELFARE STATE EUROPEO
Authors: Campiglio Luigi
Published: October 2018

Equity is a fundamental concept for the efficient functioning of the market mechanism. The minimum and maximum limits of distributive equity are analysed on a theoretical level to demonstrate how the functioning of the market requires a minimum threshold of dignified subsistence, while the maximum limit is more difficult to locate in terms of theory. There is no incompatibility between equity and efficiency in most cases. Higher wages increase efficiency if the initial level is very low, while wage increases along a career path boost worker motivation and group efficiency. The market mechanism can satisfy the arguments relating to the merit but does not respond to the arguments concerning the need, except instrumentally in terms of merit. However, the need without merit is the central characteristic of those whose lives depend on others, as in the case of children in relation to their parents or the elderly who are not self-sufficient. The modern Welfare state is a social institution that reflects the reciprocal obligations of equity, from individual family units, all the way to the national, European, and humanity â€˜familyâ€™. In the European experience, the Welfare is a central institution that reflects reciprocal social obligations and has proven to function effectively in times of crisis, supporting the weakest categories.
IL CONTRIBUTO DEI SERVIZI IDRICI INTEGRATI AL FABBISOGNO IRRIGUO DEI COMPRENSORI AGRICOLI: IL CASO DI MILANO
Authors: Brown Maurizio
Published: October 2018

During its history Milan city has been able to treasure its wastewater collected by Vettabbia irrigation ditch. Since the XII century, also thanks to Cistercensi (monks from Chiaravalle Abbey) great endeavour, the use of effusing the filthy waters from Vettabbia over the rotten lawns of a great and huge agricultural district, situated in the South the City, was going to become the most spread method used to regain the nutrients contained into the wastewaters and, at the same time, a great procedure to optimize the fresh forage production. During the second half of XIX century this technique was refined and made more efficient in order to allow the sustainable and ecofriendly disposal of the drainage waters raised from the new sewerage system of the City. Since 2004 Milan adopted an effective water treatment plant which permits the reuse of the purified waters for what concerns agriculture, becoming, in this field, the most significant model in Europe.
SALUTO DELLA SOPRINTENDENTE ARCHEOLOGIA, BELLE ARTI E PAESAGGIO PER LA CITTÃ€ METROPOLITANA DI MILANO
Authors: Ranaldi Antonella
Published: October 2018

Non disponibile.
IL BENE CULTURALE: Lâ€™IDENTIFICAZIONE E LA TUTELA, PROBLEMI QUALITATIVI E QUANTITATIVI
Authors: Bellini Amedeo
Published: October 2018

At its origin the tutelage was based on the detection of objects that werewitness to fundamental events in history, exemplary for characterizing the past; restauration was the instrument for their conservation, but it was also used to recuperate theiroriginal sense, cancelling any tampering, and closing the gaps. The expansion of cognitive interests, from great events to common life data and material culture, the consciousness of the relativity of the results of historiographical investigation and the subjunctive character of aesthetic judgement, the fact that every event or object has multiple meanings and therefore its relevance depends on the relation system in which itfound, has lead to the consideration that all of civilizationâ€™s documents are worthy ofinterest and finally all of that has the potential of creating a cultural experience. In thissense, â€œcultural heritageâ€ is not a collection of items quantifiable in numbers, nor inparticular categories of objects; it is a value that depends on the â€œitemsâ€, but especiallyon the rapport that is established, under variable circumstances, between the items andpeople. The parameters of evaluation that lead to a choice of either conservation ordestruction derive from the recognition of possibility or impossibility, the assessmentsconcerning vital demands, and therefore these parameters are found on an ethical level. Tutelage must be exercised preventively where political decisions are made that determine the operating conditions, and only subsequently as intervention. Finally, a fundamental role must be given to the production and exchange of intangible goods in theeconomy, among these, in the forefront, cultural services.
IL CANTIERE SEMPRE APERTO DELLE EDIZIONI CATTANEANE
Authors: Lacaita Carlo G.
Published: October 2018

150 years after Carlo Cattaneo gave his six â€œPsychology of Associated Mindsâ€ lectures at the Lombard Institute of Arts and Sciences (1859-1866), the new edition of these and other unpublished texts, edited by B. Boneschi, is a significant outcome of a renewed interest in his thought and writings. In this essay, Carlo Lacaita retraces the history of the editions which, in spite of errors and difficulties, have increasingly recomposed and circulated the vast and scattered production of one of the major nineteenth-century European intellectuals.