bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of a Precision Pneumatic Positioning Device Using PZT Dither
Authors: Liu Yung-Tien ,   Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, National Kaohsiung, First University of Science and Technology, 2 Jhuoyue Rd., Nanzih, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan, R.O.C., Chang Kuo-Ming , Lee Huang-Ren ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Kaohsiung, University of Applied Sciences, 415 Chien Kung Rd., Sanmin, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Published: April 2016

A piezoelectric (PZT) actuator featuring a high frequency response is employed to serve as a highfrequency dither and to compensate for the nonlinear motion characteristic of a pneumatic positioning device. To examine the function of the PZT dither, system identification based on a linear model for describing the positioning device was performed. To obtain the most suitable actuating parameters of the PZT dither, the Taguchi method was employed. Using the optimal parameters, the positioning system implemented by the PID controller was configured. For a target position of 4 mm, position control with a positioning accuracy under 0.1 µm was demonstrated. Compared to the pneumatic positioning device using a traditional controller, the device presented in this study features better positioning ability.
Development of Shock-Wave-Powered Actuators for High Speed Positioning
Authors: Kotani Akira ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyota National College of Technology, 2-1 Eisei-cho, Toyota, Aichi 471-8525, Japan, Tanaka Toshiharu , Fujishiro Atsushi ,   Department of Energy Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furou-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
Published: April 2016

A shock wave is a compressive wave which propagates at supersonic speed. A shock wave is generated by the emission of energy for a very short duration by high speed phenomena, such as explosions, discharges, collisions, high speed flights, etc. Shock tube experiments have played an important role in the field of high speed gas dynamics. A shock tube is usually divided by a diaphragm into a driver section and a driven section. Generally, the initial conditions of the driver and driven sections are high and low pressure, respectively. When the diaphragm breaks, a shock wave is generated in the driven section. The density, temperature and pressure of the gas behind the shock wave rise discontinuously. The shock wave arrives at the end wall of the tube, and a reflected shock wave is generated by the reflection from the wall. The quantities behind the reflected shock wave rise further. If the shock wave can be generated continuously without the diaphragm needing to be changed, this phenomenon could possibly be applied to an actuator having a piston that moves at high speed. In this study, equipment powered by a shock wave is produced, and its performance is examined. The results show that piston movement generated by a shock wave is faster than that which is not and that the piston speeds depend on the initial conditions. Also, the characteristic of the actuator powered by the shock wave is revealed.
Practical and Intuitive Controllers for Precision Motion: AR-CM NCTF Control of Ball Screw Mechanism
Authors: Sato Kaiji ,   Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
Published: April 2016

This paper describes the implementation of the Acceleration Reference Continuous Motion nominal characteristic trajectory following (AR-CM NCTF) control to a ball screw mechanism, a typical positioning mechanism with friction characteristics, and its effectiveness is demonstrated. The AR-CM NCTF control is an enhanced continuous-motion NCTF (CMNCTF) control proposed as a practical motion control. First, the basic concept of the AR-CM NCTF control and the specific design procedure of the controller are introduced. The procedure and the labor for the controller design are essentially free from the presence of friction characteristics. Then, the experimental positioning and tracking control results with the AR-CM NCTF controller are shown. The experimental results prove that the AR-CM NCTF control reduces vibration and improves motion accuracy.
Design of Motion Accuracy Measurement Device for NC Machine Tools with Three Displacement Sensors
Authors: Ihara Yukitoshi ,   Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan, Hiramatsu Yuki
Published: April 2016

To measure motion accuracy, including that of the rotary axis of five-axis machining center that have been widely introduced into production sites recently, a device with three displacement sensors combined to measure the center position of the master ball was invented and will be added to the International Standard. Such measurement devices are not difficult to produce in principle, but the commercially available products are expensive. This study discusses a threedimensional (3D) coordinate measurement device with multiple displacement sensors, discussing it in terms of the test standards of the machines to which the device has been applied and in relation to devices which have been studied, developed, and released. Our measurement device is then designed and produced, and its measurement accuracy is confirmed.
Development of a High-Speed and High-Accuracy Machining System Based on Servo-Data Control – Evaluation of Prototype System –
Authors: Fujio Mikio ,   Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Numazu National College of Technology, 3600 Ooka, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-8501, Japan
Published: April 2016

High-speed and high-accuracy control technology has been developed in Japan and applied to CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine tools. Therefore, a CNC machine tool, which is made in Japan, has shown a successful history of its performance. Further development of these technologies is important for Japan to maintain its leadership in advanced manufacturing. The purpose of this research is to develop a high-speed and high-accuracy machining system. Two methods are implemented in the proposed prototype system. The first method is “geometric-model interpolation,” which is used to generate high-speed and highaccuracy command positions, and the second method is “predictive compensation,” which is used to correct machining errors. In the proposed prototype system, these errors are simulated preliminarily and compensated for in the servo data by controlling the position and the feed rate. This report describes the configuration of the proposed prototype system, and the performance of the prototype is evaluated by comparing its speed and accuracy with an existing commercial CNC machine tool. The results show that the prototype system is able to control a CNC machine tool with higher speed and greater accuracy than current CNC machine tool systems.
Compact USB Camera-Based Navigation Device with Repetitive Compensation of Input Signals for Omnidirectional Inchworm Robot
Authors: Fuchiwaki Ohmi ,   Yokohama National University, 79-1 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan, Aoyama Hisayuki ,   University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we describe the design and development of a navigation device for a 3-DOF inchworm robot. The robot has been developed to provide flexible and omnidirectional microscopic operations. The robot can move in any direction in the manner of an inchworm. However, many positioning errors exist because of an assembling error in four piezoelectric actuators and two electromagnets. In this report, we propose a USB camera-based navigation device with a signal compensation function. In experiments, we have succeeded in controlling the robot on an octagonal path, freely controlling the posture angle. When we compensate the input signal, the positioning time decreases to 62.9% of that when there is no compensation. The robot is 35 mm3, so we can attach it to various devices. As the navigation device is also compact, we can carry the device easily and set it up in a small work area. The design procedure to realize flexible and omnidirectional positioning and basic performance are also discussed.
Communication Robot Based on Image Processing and Voice Recognition
Authors: Kawarazaki Noriyuki ,   Department of Robotics and Mechatronics, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1030 Shimo-Ogino, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0292, Japan, Yoshidome Tadashi
Published: April 2016

This paper discusses a communication robot system based on image processing and voice recognition. We have developed the communication robot system Hakuen which consists of a multimedia robot with stereo cameras, a wheeled mobile robot and a PC with a microphone. What makes our robot unique is that the robot interacts with people in the same way the human beings do. The robot, for example, approaches and holds its hand out to someone based on the defined voice commands. The robot detects a person’s face based on the pixel values of the flesh tint in the color image. Since the system must calculate the distance between the robot and the person rapidly, we use this disparity. Experimental results clarified the effectiveness of our system.
Gyroscopic Stabilization of a Self-Balancing Robot Bicycle
Authors: Lam Pom Yuan ,   Nanyang Polytechnic, 180 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 8 Singapore 569830, Sin Tan Kian
Published: April 2016

This paper reports the design and development of a self-balancing bicycle using off-the-shelf electronics. A self-balancing bicycle is an unstable nonlinear system similar to an inverted pendulum. Experimental results show the robustness and efficiency of the proportional plus derivative controller balancing the bicycle. The system uses a control moment gyroscope as an actuator for balancing.
Improvement of Human Tracking in Stereoscopic Environment Using Subtraction Stereo with Shadow Detection
Authors: Terabayashi Kenji ,   Department of Precision Mechanics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University / CREST, JST, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan, Hoshikawa Yuma , Moro Alessandro , Umeda Kazunori ,   Toyota Motor Corporation, 375-1 Imazato Susono Sizuoka 410-1104, Japan
Published: April 2016

The combination of subtraction stereo with shadow detection we propose improves people tracking in stereoscopic environments. Subtraction stereo is a stereo matching method which is fast and robust for the correspondence problem – one of the most serious issues in computer vision – restricting the search range of matching to foreground regions. Shadow detection gives adequate foreground regions of tracked people by removing cast shadows. This leads to accurate three-dimensional measurement of positions in stereoscopic environment tracking. By focusing on disparity images obtained by subtraction stereo, we can detect people easily based on standard labeling. Objects can also be measured directly in size by subtraction stereo without geometric information about environments for tracking. This is important for installing the tracking system easily. To track multiple passing people, we use the extended Kalman filter to address the occlusion problem usually encountered in crowded environments. The proposed method is verified by experiments using unknown stereoscopic environments.
Development of Rail Trajectory Measurement Device for Inspection of Crane Rail
Authors: Hashimoto Takuya ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 1-14-6 Kudankita, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0073, Japan, Ono Tomoyoshi , Kamiya Noriko , Kobayashi Hiroshi ,   Koishi Corporation, 2-15-6 Akenokita, Oita-shi, Oita 870-0165, Japan
Published: April 2016

In factories, an overhead crane is ordinarily used to convey heavy loads amounting to dozens of tons. However, the rails of the overhead crane face the risk of being deformed and cracking under heavy loads, and they are a cause of serious accidents. In this paper, a new inspection device is proposed to prevent such serious accidents; the device is called Trajectory Measurement Device (TMD) which can measure the trajectories of crane rail automatically; so far, workers have measured trajectories manually. In the proposed system, the TMD runs along the trajectory path of a crane-rail from one end, and the laser beam of a laser range sensor irradiates the target plate fixed on the TMD from the other end. Then, images of the target plate are captured with a camera, and the rail trajectory can be estimated by tracing the laser point on the target plate via image processing. In a field experiment, the TMD is actually used to measure the trajectory path of a crane rail in a factory, and its measurement accuracy and effectiveness are evaluated.
Development of a Forging Type Rapid Prototyping System (Relationship Between Hammering Direction and Product Shape)
Authors: Takasugi Keigo ,   Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa-shi, Ishikawa, Japan, Tanaka Hidetake , Jono Mami , Asakawa Naoki ,   Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamioka-machi, Nagaoka-shi, Niigata, Japan
Published: April 2016

The study deals with forging type rapid prototyping system that automates metal hammering done by an industrial robot. In order to automate metal hammering work, a CAD/CAM system is required to define product shapes and generate tool paths. However, the hammering process differs from the cutting process in that the hammering errors accumulate. Thus, unsuitable work methods threaten to cause both deterioration of work accuracy and sheet metal fractures. However, the relationship between the effects of errors and hammering results has not yet been fully defined. Hence, in this report, the effects of hammering direction on product shape is taken up to make these relationships clear, and a method to improving work accuracy is proposed in order to reduce the potential source of errors. Finally, the usefulness of the devised method is confirmed experimentally.
Planar Manipulator with Mechanically Adjustable Joint Compliance
Authors: Seki Hiroaki ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan, Kamiya Yoshitsugu , Hikizu Masatoshi
Published: April 2016

A novel robot joint with mechanically adjustable compliance is presented. It utilizes a leaf spring and the joint compliance can be adjusted by rotating this spring, i.e., changing its bending direction. A joint actuatormoves an armlink via a connection that consists of a hollow cylinder and a leaf spring. This mechanism is compact to be installed in a joint and it can change the joint stiffness rapidly and stably. A planar manipulator using this joint mechanism is proposed for the contact or constraint tasks. Since four joints are necessary to obtain arbitrary stiffnesses and an arbitrary position of the end-effector in plane motion, a four DOF (degrees of freedom) manipulator with mechanically adjustable joint compliance is developed.
Investigation of End-Milling Condition Decision Methodology Based on Data Mining for Tool Catalog Database
Authors: Kodama Hiroyuki ,   Graduate School of Engineering, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tataramiyakodani, Kyotanabe-shi, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan, Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eiichi , Ogawa Keiji ,   Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tataramiyakodani, Kyotanabe-shi, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan,   Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone-shi, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
Published: April 2016

Data mining supports decision making about reasonable end-milling conditions. Our research objective is to excavate new knowledge with mining effect by applying data mining techniques to a tool catalog. We use hierarchical and nonhierarchical clustering data mining with catalog data by applying multiple regression analysis and focusing on the catalog data shape element. We visually grouped end-mills on the basis of tool shape, considering the ratio of tool shape dimensions, by employing the K-means method. We found that factors related to blade length and full length ratio are effective in for making end-milling condition decisions. These factors have not previously been singled out through background knowledge or expert knowledge, but they were noticed as a data mining effect.
Experimental Evaluation of the Thermal Machine Tool Behavior for Model Updating
Authors: Franke Jörg E. ,   Institute for Manufacturing Automation and Production Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstr. 7-9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, Maier Tobias , Schäfer Franziska , Zaeh Michael F. ,   Institute for Machine Tools and Industrial Management, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Boltzmannstr. 15, D-85748 Garching, Germany
Published: April 2016

Thermally induced deviations are one of the most important issues for modern machine tools’ accuracy. Therefore, the numerical determination of the thermal machine behavior is becoming an essential part of the development process. The thermal models are highly dependent on the applied loads and boundary conditions. The experimental determination of the thermal machine tool behavior is therefore a critical point. Consequently, this paper presents an experimental evaluation of the thermal behavior of machine tools for model updating. In order to identify the thermal machine properties, temperature distributions as well as thermal displacements were detected. The experiments addressed the thermal influence of environmental parameters, the heat generation of main and feed drives and the cutting process. The tests were carried out on two different machine types, a lathe and a milling machine. Specific machining tasks were developed for each analysis to assure realistic load cases. The temperature and displacement measurements presented in this paper provide a strong parameter base for future thermal simulation models.
Estimation of Dynamic Mechanical Error for Evaluation of Machine Tool Structures
Authors: Kono Daisuke ,   Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan, Weikert Sascha , Matsubara Atsushi , Yamazaki Kazuo ,   ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland,   University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis CA95616, USA
Published: April 2016

Dynamic motion errors of machine tools consist of errors in the mechanical system and the servo system. In this study, a simple method to estimate the dynamic mechanical error is proposed to evaluate machine tool structures. The dynamic mechanical error in the low frequency range is estimated from the static deformation due to the driving force, the counter force, and the inertial force. The error in a high-precision machine tool is estimated for comparison with measurements. Two calculation tools, finite element analysis and rigid multi-body simulation, are used for the estimation. Measured dynamic mechanical errors can be correctly estimated by the proposed method using finite element analysis. The tilt of driven bodies is the major reason for dynamic mechanical errors. When the reduction factor representing the structural deformation is properly determined, the rigid multi-body simulation is also an effective tool. Use of the proposed method for modification planning is demonstrated. Stiffness enhancement of the saddle was an effective modification candidate to reduce the dynamic mechanical error. If the error should be reduced to sub-micrometer level, the location of components should be modified because the Abbe offset and the offset of the driving force from the inertial force must be shortened.
Generation Mechanism of Quadrant Glitches and Compensation for it in Feed Drive Systems of NC Machine Tools
Authors: Sato Ryuta ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
Published: April 2016

Circular motion tests are commonly used to evaluate the accuracy of the motion of feed drive systems. However, large quadrant glitches are often observed in circular trajectories as the motion changes across thexandyquadrants. It is well known that this phenomenon is caused by friction forces acting on the feed drive mechanism. This paper investigates the generation process of quadrant glitches and proposes a quadrant glitch compensator based on the investigation. As a result of the experiments and simulations, it is clarified that the axis velocity does not stay at zero during direction changes and that the proposed generation mechanism model for quadrant glitches accurately describes actual behavior. It is also confirmed that the proposed friction compensator can eliminate quadrant glitches effectively even if the radius and feed rate change.
Measurement of Rigidity Change of Preload Switching Spindle
Authors: Yamazaki Taku ,   Development and Design Department, Yamazaki Mazak Corporation, Oguchi-cho, Aichi 480-0197, Japan, Matsubara Atsushi , Ikenaga Shinya ,   Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0024, Japan
Published: April 2016

High performance milling spindles with high rigidity and high speed are required for high productive machining. A preload switching spindle has been designed to obtain high rigidity at low speeds while avoiding bearing burn at high speeds. In this report, the load-displacement relationship of a preload switching spindle is measured with a non-contact magnetic loading device. Measurement and simulation results are compared to clarify the rigidity change by preload switching.
Ball Bar Measurement on Machine Tools with Rotary Axes
Authors: Ihara Yukitoshi ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku 535-8585 Osaka, Japan
Published: April 2016

A ball bar is a very convenient device for measuring the motion accuracy of machine tools. Some trials have also been done for measuring motion accuracy of industrial robots. Nowadays, multi-axis machines such as five-axis machining centers are very popular, and therefore, there is increased demand for checking their accuracy. This paper introduces an idea for checking the motion accuracy of five-axis machining centers and diagnosing error sources by reviewing trial measurements on articulated industrial robots. There are two problems. The first problem is that the ball bar can measure only distances, and the second problem is that the ball bar is a linear device and therefore not suitable for the rotary axis motion of 5-axis machines and articulated robots. Finally, the test conditions for the measurement of the motion accuracy of a machine tool showing conical motion, by using the ball bar and ISO/DIS 10791-6 (which is currently being edited) are reviewed and verified.
Elastic Deformation Error Model for Calibration and Compensation of Parallel Kinematic Mechanism Machine Tool
Authors: Matsushita Tetsuya ,   OKUMA Corporation, 5-25-1 Oguchi-cho, Niwa-gun, Aichi 480-0193, Japan, Ueno Hiroshi , Matsubara Atsushi ,   Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshidahonmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
Published: April 2016

In the motion error of parallel kinematic mechanism machine tools, the elastic deformation caused by external forces, such as gravity, as well as the kinematic parameter error, is a significant factor. Internal forces generated by the rotational resistance of passive joints also deform mechanical components. In this paper, an elastic deformation error model that can deal with external and internal forces is presented. A compensation system and a calibration method of kinematic parameters employing this model are also presented. It is experimentally verified that this calibration method and compensation system improve the motion accuracy of a parallel kinematic mechanism machine tool.
Development of High Speed Clock Module and its Application to Array Model
Authors: Kawasaki Kazumasa ,   Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-nocho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan, Miyaguchi Takashi , Saitoh Hiroshi , Kato Tomoyuki , Kobayashi Kohroh , Nakagawa Hisayuki , Kobayashi Kazunori ,   Kenoh Technical Support Center, Industrial Research Institute of Niigata Prefecture, 1-17 Sugoro, Sanjyo-city, Niigata 955-0092, Japan,   Industrial Research Institute of Niigata Prefecture, 1-11-1 Abuminishi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 950-0915, Japan,   Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd., 4-1-1 Kamikodanaka, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8588, Japan,   Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan,   Sinko Electric Co., Ltd., 61-1 Tado, Uonuma-city, Niigata 949-7402, Japan
Published: April 2016

A high speed optical clock module using a Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) and a spherical mirror is developed and this clock module is applied to an array model. The module will be used for Large Scale Integration (LSI) clock distribution. We developed a single module successfully, frequency of which was 39 GHz with a low threshold current. Moreover, we improved an assembly method for the module, proposed an array model design of this module, and assembled the array model. The array model was cut into four pieces. As a result, it was made clear to manufacture the module model by pasting and cutting accurately, and to manufacture a great amount of modules from array module, too.
Fault-Tolerant Fuel Cell Hybrid Bus Powertrain Integration
Authors: Zhong Zaimin ,   College of Automotive Engineering, Tongji University, Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, No.4800, Cao-An Road, Shanghai 201804, China, Wei Jingzhou , Chen Xinbo
Published: April 2016

Focusing on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell hybrid Bus (FCB) powertrain integration, this paper presents a quasi-parallel dual-powertrain topology that can enhance powertrain reliability and extend optimization of energy distribution. This paper analyzes the redundancy of three practical topological structures for a dual-powertrain FCB, including a full-parallel structure, a quasi-serial structure, and a quasi-parallel structure. By calculation and comparison, the reliability of the quasi-parallel dualpowertrain structure and its corresponding fault redundancy is shown to be the highest. This paper also carries out an optimization design of FCB powertrain parameters by analyzing the power index and typical Chinese bus cycle. Furthermore, the innovative method of designing power sources is discussed in this paper. Not only power characteristics but also energy characteristics of batteries are fully taken into consideration in this paper. Off-board and on-board experiments verify the feasibility and redundancy of the quasi-parallel dual-powertrain. This research is of reference value for the study of FCB powertrains.
Development of Hydraulic Drive Drilling Robot with 4-DOF Tool for In-Pipe Repair – Mechanical Design of New Tool –
Authors: Seki Hiroaki ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan, Amakata Hodaka , Kamiya Yoshitsugu , Hikizu Masatoshi
Published: April 2016

Lately,many developed countries see their sewer pipes getting increasingly aged. They try to extend the life of aging pipes by using teleoperated sewer robots to repair them as buried in the ground rather than replacing them by largescale digging work. Currently available robots, however, have tools with small DOF (Degrees Of Freedom) to do complex work such as drilling, cutting, and grinding. They also have too heavy oilostatic cables to be self-propelling. To cope with these problems, we intend to develop a new type of sewer robots that can be self-propelling by built-in cylinder-type hydraulic power source and are equipped with multiple-DOF tool driven by hydraulic cylinders in parallel links. In this paper, we propose a 4-DOF parallel link type mechanism for the tool that have wide reachable areas and no singular points. The proposed mechanism is so designed as to be able to retain high stiffness in the predetermined reachable areas as required for work inside pipes.
Proposal of Consistency Management Method Between Product and its Life Cycle for Supporting Life Cycle Design
Authors: Kunii Eisuke ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Matsuura Takeshi , Fukushige Shinichi , Umeda Yasushi
Published: April 2016

In order to increase value and reduce environmental loads and resource consumption over the entire product life cycle, a designer should design a product life cycle as well as a product in an integrated manner. In order to support such integrated life cycle design, we are currently developing Life Cycle CAD (LC-CAD) system. Indispensable requirements for LC-CAD system include the following three points: (1) Representing a product and its life cycle in an integrated manner, (2) Managing the consistency of the relationship between a product and its life cycle, and (3) Life cycle evaluation by using the information of a product and its life cycle. This paper focuses on the function (1) and (2), and proposes a method of consistency management between a product and its life cycle. For this purpose, this paper proposes a method for representing a product and its life cycle with defining the relationship between these two models. Then, this paper proposes a management scheme for the consistency of the relationship. We developed a prototype systemand applied it to design of Liquid Cristal Display (LCD) TV as a case study. The result indicates that the relationship between a product and its life cycle is successfully represented and managed, and that a designer can design them in an integrated manner.
Evaluation System for Energy Consumption and Productivity in Manufacturing System Simulation
Authors: Hibino Hironori ,   Japan Society for the Promotion of Machine Industry, 1-1-12 Hachiman-cho, Higashikurume, Tokyo 203-0042, Japan, Sakuma Toru , Yamaguchi Makoto
Published: April 2016

Industries need to design and improve their manufacturing systems while considering energy consumption and productivity concurrently. Manufacturing system simulation is often used to evaluate productivity when manufacturing systems are designed or improved. However, it is difficult to use simulation to evaluate energy consumption when designing and improving manufacturing systems. The purpose of our research is to establish a system for the concurrent evaluation of energy consumption and productivity in manufacturing system simulation. In this paper, first, requirements for a simulation to evaluate energy consumption and productivity are analyzed. Second, an evaluation system is proposed in consideration of the requirements. A Unified Modeling Language (UML) model that defines facility state transitions and relationships between the facility state and energy consumption is proposed. A manufacturing system simulation implemented in the proposed UML model is also proposed and developed. The proposed simulation is also implemented in a function to concurrently generate information on production throughput and energy consumption along a time progression. A system that provides a function to visually evaluate dynamic changes in the energy consumption per unit of production throughput along a time progression is also proposed and developed. Finally, a case study for semiconductor manufacturing systems is carried out to confirm the efficiency of our proposed evaluation system.
Configuration of the Digital Eco-Factory for Green Production
Authors: Matsuda Michiko ,   Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1030 Shimo-ogino, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa 243-0292, Japan, Kimura Fumihiko ,   Hosei University, 3-7-2 Kajino-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan
Published: April 2016

This paper proposes a construction method for the digital eco-factory to support promotion and implementation of green production. The digital eco-factory is configured on the digital factory. The digital factory is constructed by applying multi agent technology. In the digital factory, all factory elements such as machine tools and assembly machines are configured as software agents. The digital factory mirrors the structure of the actual factory. The shop floor is modeled as a virtual shop floor by machine agents. In addition to machine agents, machined workpieces and assembled parts are also configured as software agents. The workpiece agent selects machines to complete itself as a part. The part agent also leads the assembly processes for making the complete product. The operator can set up the initial shop floor configuration through the user interface. The operator also controls the production scenario by means of inputting a production order with candidate production plans. When constructing the digital eco-factory using this digital factory, the calculation function for indices of environmental burdens such as CO2 and energy consumption are installed in each machine agent. The workpiece/part agent monitors them. The proposed configuration is applied to the printed board production line for verification of the proposal.
State of Art and Research Demands for Simulation Modeling of Green Supply Chains
Authors: Rabe Markus ,   Fachgebiet IT in Produktion und Logistik, Fakultät Maschinenbau, Technical University Dortmund, Leonhard-Euler-Str. 5, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, Deininger Maik
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we review simulation and modeling techniques focusing on green and sustainable supply chains. We start by introducing green supply chains and the importance of being aware of environmental friendliness. We show how environmental performance is measured and analyzed, and then discuss the extension of green to sustainable supply chains. Taking into account the complex interrelations within supply chains, we give an overview of modeling and simulation techniques. This enables us to explain how supply chain behavior can be predicted and optimized under a set of given objectives. We conclude by suggesting the possibilities provided by modeling and simulating green and sustainable supply chains and propose future research.
Robust Real-Time Model Predictive Control for Torsional Vibration System
Authors: Boksuwan Sungwan ,   Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, 1 Chalongkrung Soi 1, Ladkrabang District, Bangkok, Thailand, Benjanarasuth Taworn
Published: April 2016

In this paper, explicit, robust Model Predictive Control (MPC) is proposed for the control of a two-mass system in order to achieve not only good tracking performance and load-change effect rejection, but also low torsional vibration, when the measurement noise contains outliers. The control structure presented in this paper is based fundamentally on the combination of explicit MPC and region detection via a self-optimizing variable. In addition, the well-known Kalman filter is replaced by the robust Kalman filter to deal with the outlier signals. The effectiveness of the proposed method is compared with a PID-based control.
Numerical Simulation of a Slipper Model for Swash Plate Type Axial Piston Pumps and Motors: Effects of Concave and Convex Surface Geometry
Authors: Kazama Toshiharu ,   College of Design and Manufacturing Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan, Narita Yukihito
Published: April 2016

In this study, the slipper of swash plate axial piston pumps and motors is modeled as a hybrid (hydrostatic and hydrodynamic) thrust pad bearing. The effects of the slightly concave and convex geometries of the slipper sliding surface are examined. The motion of the slipper model is numerically simulated, and its tribological characteristics are examined under eccentric and dynamic load conditions. The calculations under these conditions indicate that, for the concave slipper, the fluctuation of the bearing pad azimuth increases, and the attitude of the slipper becomes unstable. In contrast, for the convex slipper, the attitude becomes stable, but the clearance increases.
Application of Electro-Hydraulic Servo Systems to Hot Strip Down Coilers
Authors: Kuwano Hiroaki ,   Machinery, Environmental & Logistics Systems Operations, IHI Corporation, Toyosu IHI Building, 1-1 Toyosu 3-chome, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8710, Japan, Yokota Shinichi ,   P&I Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R2-41, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
Published: April 2016

Many kinds of electro-hydraulic servo systems have been applied to rolling mills, such as hot strip mills, cold strip mills, and seamless tube mills, for their quick response, high power, and high positioning accuracy. However, when an electro-hydraulic servo system is applied to a hot strip down coiler, it is found that the controlled object has low natural frequency and is lightly damped, so stable control is very difficult to achieve. In order to overcome these issues, first, the optimal control theory is applied to eliminate these deficiencies [1, 2]. However, the derived control system is found to lack robustness. Control effectiveness is highly influenced by the response of servo valve and the length of the piping between the servo valve and the cylinder in particular. Finally, a novel, practical controlmethod is found and proposed in the process of adjusting the production machine. The novel control method proposed here, based on the “posicast” control proposed by O. J. M. Smith in 1957 [3], has realized a kind of dead-beat control and has been found to be robust because it uses the internal information of the controlled object.
An ER Microactuator with Built-in Pump and Valve
Authors: Yoshida Kazuhiro ,   Tokyo Institute of Technology, R2-42, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan, Muto Tomohisa , Kim Joon-Wan , Yokota Shinichi
Published: April 2016

The paper presents a 3-DOF microactuator having a Fluid Inertia (FI) micropump and ER microvalves for in-pipe working micromachines of about 10 mm in diameter, and so on. The ER microvalve controls an Electro-Rheological Fluid (ERF) flow due to the apparent viscosity increase in the electric field. The FI micropump generates high-output-fluid power using the fluid inertia effect in an outlet pipe. First, the 3-DOF ER microactuator with built-in pump and valves was proposed, and its construction was clarified. Second, in order to pump high viscosity fluids such as ERFs, a multi-reed valve was proposed for the inlet check valve of the FI micropump. The characteristics of the newly-devised pump were clarified through simulation and experiments. Then, based on the results, a 10 mm-diameter FI micropump was successfully developed. Finally, in the first stage of this study, a 1-DOF valve-integrated ER microactuator was designed and fabricated. The validity of the actuator with the fabricated 10 mm-diameter FI micropump was experimentally confirmed.
The Relation Between Mirror Surface Machining and Transcription Accuracy in the Nano Range - Molded Surface Transcription Through Accurate Mirror Surface Mold -
Authors: Ooto Yutaka ,   Sodick Co., Ltd., 3-12-1 Nakamachidai, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan, Hirasumi Yoshihiko , Sawazaki Takashi , Anzai Masahiro ,   Sodick Future Technologies Co., Ltd., 8798-253 Tanochoko, Miyazakishi, Miyazaki, Japan,   Department of Engineering Design, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-9-14 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8548, Japan
Published: April 2016

In the precision milling process the characteristics of the machined surface for each tool get transcribed to the resin molded article. We have finished the workpiece to a mirror surface using two types of machining materials and five different tools, molded it in acrylic resin, and compared the surfaces of the mold workpiece and the resin molded article on surface roughness values and surface condition, we could observe transcription at nano-level.
Development of CAM System Using Linear Servo Motor to Automate Metal Hammering – A Study on Forging-Type Rapid Prototyping System –
Authors: Tanaka Hidetake ,   Faculty of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka City, Niigata, Japan, Naka Soichiro , Asakawa Naoki ,   Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, Japan
Published: April 2016

This study deals with the use of a linear motor to automate a metal hammering process based on CAD data. In the study, a linear servo hammering system is adopted to automate the hammering work, and a CAM system generating arbitrary tool path modes for metal hammering bases on CAD data is developed. By utilizing the developed CAM system, formability of automated metal hammering using different tool path modes is clarified, and forming characteristics through the integration of discrete deformation throughout the hammering progress is experimentally demonstrated.
Residual Stress and Deformation After Finishing of a Shell Structure Fabricated by Direct Metal Lamination Using Arc Discharge
Authors: Abe Takeyuki ,   Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan, Sasahara Hiroyuki
Published: April 2016

Arc welding technology has been used to melt metal, and a fabrication system for three-dimensional metallic parts has been developed around it: direct metal lamination using arc discharge. Here, the relationship between residual stress in the shell structure and temperature distribution in the shell structure after lamination are explored. Deformation caused by residual stress release is also measured. The results clarify that the local maximum value of the residual stress is small when the temperature in the shell structure is high. It is also found that the temperature distribution can be controlled through heat-input conditions and a cooling method using water. The residual stress distribution is formed by a non-uniform compressive plastic strain distribution. Plastic deformation is caused by the temperature distribution. No significant deformation due to residual stress release is observed when the lateral surface is finished.
Low-Cost 3D Printing of Controlled Porosity Ceramic Parts
Authors: Diegel Olaf ,   Massey University, Building 106, Gate 4, Albany Highway, Albany, Auckland, New Zealand, Withell Andrew , Beer Deon de , Potgieter Johan , Noble Frazer ,   Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand,   Vaal University of Technology, Andries Potgieter Blvd, Vanderbijlpark. PBag X021, Vanderbijlpark, 1900, South Africa
Published: April 2016

This research was initiated to develop low cost powders that could be used on 3D printers. The paper describes experiments that were undertaken with different compositions of clay-based powders, and different print saturation settings. An unexpected sideeffect of printing ceramic parts was the ability to control the part porosity by varying the powder recipe and print parameters. The cost of clay-based powder was, depending on the specific ingredients used, around US$2.00/Kg.
Additive Manufacturing in the Context of Hybrid Flexible Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Potgieter Johan ,   School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Building 106, Gate 4, Albany Highway, Albany, Auckland, New Zealand, Diegel Olaf , Noble Frazer , Pike Martin
Published: April 2016

This paper examines additive manufacturing technologies in the context of their potential use in flexible manufacturing systems. It reviews which current technologies are capable of producing full-strength production parts. It also examines which technologies might be applicable to FMS and how they might be implemented as part of a hybrid manufacturing cell.
Electroless Nickel Plating Technique for Depositing a Nano-Scale Layer
Authors: Kao Tune-Hune ,   Advanced Manufacturing Core Technology Division, Mechanical and Systems Research, Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, No.195, Sec.4, Chung Hsing Rd., Chutung, Hsinchu, 31040, Taiwan, R.O.C., Huang Meng-Chi , Su Ying-Tsun , Lin Jian-Shian
Published: April 2016

This paper discusses an electroless nickel plating technique. EDTA and potassium sodium tartrate are selected as chelating agents, and both are suitable for producing deposition layers of nanometer scale. The technique is applied to a copper roller mold, the deposition rate is measured at various operation temperatures, and layer thickness is measured by a surface contour meter. The quality of the deposition layer is characterized by SEM, and micrographs show that sharp angles can be reproduced by the deposition layer.
Accuracy Evaluation of 5-Axis Machining Center Based on Measurements of Machined Workpiece – Evaluation of Accuracy of 5-Axis Controlled Machining Center –
Authors: Morimoto Yoshitaka ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 3-1 Yatsukaho, Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-0838, Japan, Nakato Keisuke , Gontani Motoshi
Published: April 2016

A new method for evaluating the geometrical accuracy of a 5-axis Machining Center (MC) based on the measurement results of the machined workpiece has been developed. The strategy behind our method is to utilize, because of its accuracy, a Coordinates Measuring Machine (CMM) as a master gauge. Thus, the machine operator machines the workpiece and a technologist of precise measurement takes the measurements. In our study, non-rotational machining is utilized to copy and trace the machine trajectory on the workpiece, minimizing the machining error. The profiles of the machined workpiece are measured and evaluated by a CMM, and the geometric errors of the machining center are extracted. Themeasurement results are sufficiently accurate compared to those taken using the square master gauge calibrated by CMM previously. In this report, the machining setup, including workpiece design, tool design, and cutting conditions, is proposed, and the experimental procedures and results of the evaluation are given.
High-Efficiency Machining Strategy for Non-Uniformly Shaped Workpiece Using On-Machine Measurement
Authors: Ogawa Keiji ,   Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone-shi, Shiga 522-8533, Japan, Nakagawa Heisaburo , Iwao Toshihiro
Published: April 2016

Non-uniformly shaped workpieces made of such materials as ceramic and cast metal can prevent higherefficiency machining from being achieved in the conventional process due to large deviation of removal stock. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel method to achieve a high-efficiency machining strategy for non-uniformly shaped workpieces using on-machine measurement. This method utilizes on-machine measurement of a workpiece placed at an arbitrary position on a machine table as a machining pre-process. The product shape is arranged in the workpiece shape, and NC program for machining is generated based on the on-machine measurement data. The proposed method can be expected to be reasonable for a largesize product that requires long machining time because of long initial setup time and air-cutting in machining. A case study using numerical experiment was carried out. The results showed that our proposed method reduced total manufacturing time including on-machine measurement.
Tool Path Generation for Five-Axis Controlled Machining with Consideration of Structural Interference
Authors: Kanda Tomoyuki ,   Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Intelligent Systems, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan, Morishige Koichi
Published: April 2016

In the case of five-axis controlled machining, the machine components such as tables, spindles, and columns take various locations, so interference may occur among machine components. In commercial CAM software used five-axis controlled machining, however, structural interference is not considered. Output Cutter Location (CL) data may therefore cause structural interference. In this report, locations of the machine components where structural interference may occur are calculated and a tool path generation method considering the above-mentioned problem of interference is developed. The effectiveness of the devised technique was confirmed experimentally as a result of machining simulation.