bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Testing of Water Disinfection Models under Varying Hydraulic and Kinetic Conditions
Authors: Teixeira Edmilson C. , Rauen William B. , Fonseca Ismênia , Figueiredo Iene
Published: January 2016

The concomitant effects of hydraulics and reaction kinetics on the disinfection efficiency (DE) of Chlorine Contact Tank (CCT) setups were experimentally assessed, to test the predictive‐ability of first order kinetics models: Chick‐Watson (C‐W), C‐t rule and Wehner‐Wilhelm (W‐W). Prototype tests were conducted using river water characterised for quality parameters, chlorine demand and inactivation rates of total and thermotolerant coliform. Poor, average and superior CCT baffling conditions were assessed by tracer experimentation and for their DE under three chlorine dosages. The models' DE predictive‐ability was comparable and high for superior baffling, but decreased differently with the hydraulic efficiency (maximum errors of +15.3% with W‐W, +26.0% with C‐W and −36.6% with C‐t). The positive bias shown by W‐W renders it unsafe for CCT design, so the results favoured the C‐t rule as the preferred analytical tool of comparable complexity. Potential refinements to these models that could lead to operational savings are identified.
Adjuvant Treatment for Older Women with Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Jolly Trevor A , Williams Grant R , Bushan Sita , Pergolotti Mackenzi , Nyrop Kirsten A , Jones Ellen L , Muss Hyman B
Published: January 2016

Older women experience a large share of breast cancer incidence and death. With the projected rise in the number of older cancer patients, adjuvant chemo-, radiation and endocrine therapy management will become a key component of breast cancer treatment in older women. Many factors influence adjuvant treatment decisions including patient preferences, life expectancy and tumor biology. Geriatric assessment predicts important outcomes, identifies key deficits, and can aid in the decision making process. This review utilizes clinical vignettes to illustrate core principles in adjuvant management of breast cancer in older women and suggests an approach incorporating life expectancy and geriatric assessment.
Phenolic profile of some fruit wines and their antioxidant properties
Authors: Cakar Uros , Petrovic Aleksandar , Zivkovic Marijana , Vajs Vlatka , Milovanovic Miodrag , Zeravik Jiri , Djordjevic Brizita
Published: January 2016

The composition and content of individual phenolic compounds in various fruit
wines and overall antioxidant properties of these fruit wines were studied.
Phenolic compounds were separated by reverse phase (RP) HPLC techniques, and
their content was determined by means of mass spectrometer (MS) with triple
quadrupole (TQ) analyser, which recorded specific precursor-product
transitions. Antioxidant activity was monitored by the following
spectrophotometric methods: DPPH, FRAP and Folin-Ciocalteu assay,
respectively. Four types of berries (raspberry, blackberry, chokeberry and
blueberry), one type of pome (apple) and one type of stone fruit (cherries)
were used for the production of fruit wines. Corresponding fruit wines were
produced by microvinification with or without adding sugar into the must
before fermentation. Increase in alcohol level was responsible for the
increased content of phenolic compounds in fruit wine due to improved
extraction conditions. Produced fruit wines were preserved by adding SO2
which interferes with the determination of antioxidant activity of phenolic
compounds. In this case, the development of a correlation method based on
FRAP assay was introduced. Fruit wines are a rich source of substances which
show beneficial effects on human health. Depending on the fruit type,
different antioxidant compounds were predominant in wine samples.
Full-Cost Transfer Pricing and Cost Management
Authors: Bouwens Jan , Steens Bert
Published: January 2016

Full-cost transfer pricing has been criticized for providing production units with insufficient incentives to economize. Our empirical study based on data from a large producer of consumer goods shows that charging full-cost transfer prices to downstream sales units can send upstream production units into a death spiral. However, our results also suggest that production units reduce costs to prevent the death spiral. We observe that managers focus their cost-cutting efforts on unit variable costs and on products with the best sales prospects. These results also suggest that, when production units are at risk of falling into a death spiral, full-cost transfer pricing can serve as a credible commitment device to motivate managers to reduce costs.

JEL Classifications: D24; M31; M41; M50.

Data Availability: We were given the opportunity to work with a company's proprietary database that contains sensitive and classified data that cannot be disclosed due to a non-disclosure agreement. At the start of our research, the company agreed to be referred to as Carepro, which is fictitious and does not correspond to any other existing company with that same or a similar name.
Role of Emerging Insulin Technologies in the Initiation and Intensification of Insulin Therapy for Diabetes in Primary Care
Authors: Brunton Stephen A. , Kruger Davida F. , Funnell Martha M.
Published: January 2016

In Brief This article explores some of the reasons for the delay in insulin initiation in primary care and evaluates new approaches to insulin therapy that may address these barriers and, therefore, improve insulin use by primary care providers.
Effect of plume on weld penetration during high-power fiber laser welding
Authors: Zou Jianglin , Yang Wuxiong , Wu Shikai , He Yue , Xiao Rongshi
Published: January 2016

To clarify the effect of the laser-induced plume on weld penetration during high-power fiber laser welding, this paper investigates the change in weld penetration, plume behavior and temperature, particles present in the plume, and the attenuation of the horizontal probe laser. Results show that the weld penetration had an improvement of about 20% as the plume was blown away by using a supersonic cross jet. The plume temperature at a height of 5 mm was approximately 5078 K. The weld penetration, plume temperature, and plume attenuation to a probe laser decreased as plume height increased. A plume height of approximately 80 mm resulted in a shape similar to that of a focused laser beam; a cone of white smoke composed of numerous particles appeared around the plume. Calculated and measured results indicate that the interaction of laser particles in the plume accounts for the primary impact on laser-plume interaction. It is found that, if the plume height increases, the weld penetration decreases correspondingly due to the increasing attenuation of the high-power fiber laser beam by the particles in the plume.
Je ne suis pas Charlie. Metadiscourses of impoliteness following “France’s 9/11” in selected print media
Authors: Ferenčík Milan
Published: January 2016

Almost immediately after the Charlie Hebdo shootings of 7 January 2015, some print media made room for alternative opinions of what had happened. The articles and the discussions they inspired are replete with evaluations which lend themselves to analysis using methods and procedures of Politeness Theory. The paper examines an example of a metadiscourse of (im)politeness which questions the “moral orders” underlying the cartoonists’ as well as other participants’ social practices vis-à-vis their ideological foundations, esp. freedom of speech as one of the principal liberties of our society. To that end, the approach to politeness as “social practice” is employed which, while insisting on multiple understandings of politeness, places participants’ evaluations at the centre of politeness research.
Towards an integrated corpus stylistics
Authors: McIntyre Dan
Published: January 2016

Over recent years, the use of corpora in stylistic analysis has grown in popularity. However, questions still remain over the remit of corpus stylistics, its distinction from corpus linguistics generally and its capacity to explain complex stylistic effects. This article argues in favour of an integrated corpus stylistics; that is, an approach to corpus stylistics that integrates it with other stylistic methods and analytical frameworks. I suggest that this approach is needed for two main reasons: (i) it is analytically necessary in order to fully explain stylistic effects in texts, and (ii) integrating corpus methods with other stylistic tools is what will distinguish corpus stylistics from corpus linguistics. My argument is supported by reference to examples from Mark Haddon’s no vel The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time and the HBO TV series Deadwood. Both these examples rely for their explanation on a combination of corpus stylistic analytical techniques and other stylistic methods of analysis.
The Value of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Neilson JP
Published: January 2016

In 2013, a workshop was held in Kathmandu that explored systematic reviews – what they are, how they are developed, how they are used in evidencebased clinical guidelines, and how they can inform the clinical research agenda. The workshop was funded by the Gates Foundation through FIGO, and organised by the Nepal Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.
Anesthetic Management for a Parturient with Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy Undergoing Caesarean Section
Authors: Shrestha S , Chan YK , Razali FN
Published: January 2016

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal dominant muscle disorder characterized by progressive weakness and wasting of facial, shoulder girdle and upper arm muscles. Anesthetic management for the parturient with muscular dystrophy is very challenging for anesthesiologists because general as well as regional anesthesia may cause deleterious effect to the patient. We report a case of 28 years parturient with Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy that underwent elective caesarean section under combined spinal epidural anesthesia. Intraoperative and postoperative period were uneventful however the motor block was prolonged. Regional anesthesia especially combined spinal epidural anesthesia can be safely used to provide anesthesia for caesarean section in patients with muscular dystrophy.
Post-caesarean Rectus Sheath Haematoma
Authors: Upadhyaya I , Joshi NR
Published: January 2016

Rectus sheath haematoma of the abdomen is the accumulation of blood in the sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle as a result of disruption of the epigastric vessels or from a direct tear of the muscle itself. The aberrant course of vessels or injudicious dissection may contribute to this catastrophe. It encompasses a wide spectrum of severity - some self-limiting and others fatal depending on its size, etiology and the development of complications. Its common features include acute abdominal pain, fever, nausea and vomiting. The non-specific nature of these symptoms combined with the low incidence of the disorder lead to difficulty in diagnosis. Local trauma, coagulopathies, coughing, hypertension, and peripheral vascular disease could cause them. The haematoma usually occurs in the lower quadrants of the abdominal wall, is difficult to diagnose clinically and often radiologic imaging is required for its definitive pre-operative diagnosis. Our patients presented with rectus sheath haematoma, following caesarean section. Clinical suspicion and ultrasonography were used to confirm the diagnosis and patients were managed with exploration and haematoma drainage.
Mullerian Duct Cyst in Vagina Mimicking as Rectocele
Authors: Bhatara U , Padmasri R , Begum R
Published: January 2016

Mullerian duct cysts of vagina are rare. Precise diagnosis of Mullerian cyst of vagina requires clinical, radiological and histopathological examination. Here case of Mullerian cyst is presented which was mimicking rectocele and main complaint during presentation was difficulty in intercourse.
Dietary Intake among Grade 7 Students from Southwestern Ontario Attempting to Gain Weight
Authors: Woodruff Sarah J. , Harrop Bradley J. , Campbell Katherine , Campbell Ty , Cole Mary
Published: January 2016

Purpose: To describe dietary intake associated with intentional weight gain among grade 7 students.

Methods: Data were collected using the Waterloo web-based Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (WEB-Q) and measured heights/weights were taken to assess Body Mass Index (BMI). Dietary intake and the Canadian Healthy Eating Index-2009 were compared among participants who ate more to gain weight.

Results: Among 1015 participants, approximately 9% of participants were actively attempting to gain weight with more males than females (P < 0.001) and more underweight and normal weight than overweight/obese (P < 0.001) participants. Unadjusted analyses revealed that weight gainers versus non-weight gainers consumed more grain products (P < 0.001), meat and alternatives (P = 0.005), and other foods (P < 0.001), in addition to more total energy (P < 0.001). Although greater amounts of carbohydrates, fat, and protein were consumed among the weight gainers, no differences in the percentage of each macronutrient were observed once corrected for total energy intake. The adjusted model revealed that weight gainers were more likely to consume grain products in line with current recommendations, yet they were further from the recommendations for total fat intake.

Conclusion: Health promotion strategies need to consider intentional weight gain among young adolescents to ensure that appropriate weight gaining strategies are being followed to avoid potential detrimental health effects.
“Thinking Green!” (and Feminist): Female Activism and the Greens from Wyhl to Bonn
Authors: Summers Sarah E.
Published: January 2016

This article explores the connections between West German autonomous women's movement and the green movement from inception of the green movement in the 1970s until its institutionalization with the Green Party in the 1980s. I argue that understanding the role of feminism in the movement and vice versa requires scholars to rethink the autonomous strategies of the New Women's Movement. In doing so, I contend that autonomous feminists understood the wider implications of the green movement beyond ecological preservation, thus aiding in the transition to political party. Entangling the two movements also highlights the limits of gender equality in the Green Party as it implemented the quota system in the 1980s, and offers lessons for the potential future success of gender parity in German politics.
“Enemies at the Gate:” The West German Greens and Their Arrival at the Bundestag—Between Old Ideals and New Challenges
Authors: Mende Silke
Published: January 2016

The West German Green Party's 1983 entrance into the Bundestag marked a major break, both in the history of this young political force and the parliamentary system of the Bonn Republic. The Greens had been founded in opposition to the guiding principles of the West German postwar consensus and conceived of themselves as an “anti-parliamentary party.” Although they had gained parliamentary experience in some regional chambers, their entrance onto the national parliamentary stage juxtaposed old ideals and new challenges—for the Greens themselves as well as for German political culture. Taking this singular historic moment as a starting point, this article summarizes the formation of the Greens in the context of the changing political and ideological landscape of the 1970s. It also contrasts the party's formation with the transformations in terms of program and personnel that it undertook during the 1980s. The focus lies less on the specific activities of the green parliamentary group than on the broader developments in green politics and thinking.
Politics of Emotions: Journalistic Reflections on the Emotionality of the West German Peace Movement, 1979-1984
Authors: Brühöfener Friederike
Published: January 2016

This article analyzes the reaction of the West German press to the powerful peace movement that gripped the Federal Republic of Germany between 1979 and 1984. Following NATO's double track decision and Russia's invasion of Afghanistan, thousands of pacifist and peace activists participated in rallies, meetings, and sit-ins to protest above all the politics of NATO. Unnerved by the amassing of nuclear, protesters expressed their fears and anxieties highly visible on placards and in pamphlets. This public display of “fear of atom” led to an intensive media debate about the validity and possible dangers of the protesters' emotionality. The press's coverage of the peace movement and the question of how protesters expressed their fears turned into a discussion over legitimate political participation.
Controversies in Antimicrobial Stewardship: Focus on New Rapid Diagnostic Technologies and Antimicrobials
Authors: Wenzler Eric , Wong Jordan , Goff Debra , Jankowski Christopher , Bauer Karri
Published: January 2016

Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are challenged with ensuring appropriate antimicrobial use while minimizing expenditures. ASPs have consistently demonstrated improved patient outcomes and significant cost reductions but are continually required to justify the costs of their existence and interventions due to the silo mentality often adopted by hospital administrators. As new technologies and antimicrobials emerge, ASPs are in a constant tug-of-war between providing optimal clinical outcomes and ensuring cost containment. Additionally, robust data on cost-effectiveness of new rapid diagnostic technologies and antimicrobials with subsequent ASP interventions to provide justification are lacking. As the implementation of an ASP will soon be mandatory for acute care hospitals in the United States, ASPs must find ways to justify novel interventions to align themselves with healthcare administrators. This review provides a framework for the justification of implementing a rapid diagnostic test or adding a new antimicrobial to formulary with ASP intervention, reviews approaches to demonstrating cost-effectiveness, and proposes methods for which ASPs may reduce healthcare expenditures via alternative tactics.
Hydrogen Sulfide, Oxidative Stress and Periodontal Diseases: A Concise Review
Authors: Greabu Maria , Totan Alexandra , Miricescu Daniela , Radulescu Radu , Virlan Justina , Calenic Bogdan
Published: January 2016

In the past years, biomedical research has recognized hydrogen sulfide (H2S) not only as an environmental pollutant but also, along with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, as an important biological gastransmitter with paramount roles in health and disease. Current research focuses on several aspects of H2S biology such as the biochemical pathways that generate the compound and its functions in human pathology or drug synthesis that block or stimulate its biosynthesis. The present work addresses the knowledge we have to date on H2S production and its biological roles in the general human environment with a special focus on the oral cavity and its involvement in the initiation and development of periodontal diseases.
Fault-Tolerant Visual Secret Sharing Schemes without Pixel Expansion
Authors: Juan Justie , Chen Yung-Chang , Guo Song
Published: January 2016

Visual cryptography encrypts a secret image into two meaningless random images, called shares, such that it can be decrypted by human vision without any calculations. However, there would be problems in alignment when these two shares are staked by hand in practice. Therefore, this paper presents the fault-tolerant schemes of stacking two shares that are acquired from secret image encryption without pixel expansion. The main idea of these schemes is to combine several pixels as a unit and then to encrypt each unit into a specific combination of pixels. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed schemes.
Electrochemical Study of Na2Fe1−xMnxP2O7 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) as Cathode Material for Rechargeable Na-Ion Batteries
Authors: Tealdi Cristina , Ricci Monica , Ferrara Chiara , Bruni Giovanna , Quartarone Eliana , Mustarelli Piercarlo
Published: January 2016

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered a good choice for post-lithium devices. Transition metal sodium pyrophosphates are among the most interesting cathode materials for SIBs. Here we study the electrochemical properties of the system Na2Fe1−xMnxP2O7 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1). By means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic experiments, we confirm that pure Fe and Fe-rich compounds are promising for application in sodium batteries, whereas Mn-rich samples are less satisfactory, at least in case of solid-state reaction recipes and standard slurry preparations. Proper carbon coating is likely needed to improve the electrochemical behavior of Mn-rich samples.
Phytoconstituents with Radical Scavenging and Cytotoxic Activities from Diospyros shimbaensis
Authors: Aronsson Per , Munissi Joan , Gruhonjic Amra , Fitzpatrick Paul , Landberg Göran , Nyandoro Stephen , Erdelyi Mate
Published: January 2016

As part of our search for natural products having antioxidant and anticancer properties, the phytochemical investigation of Diospyros shimbaensis (Ebenaceae), a plant belonging to a genus widely used in East African traditional medicine, was carried out. From its stem and root barks the new naphthoquinone 8,8′-oxo-biplumbagin (1) was isolated along with the known tetralones trans-isoshinanolone (2) and cis-isoshinanolone (3), and the naphthoquinones plumbagin (4) and 3,3′-biplumbagin (5). Compounds 2, 4, and 5 showed cytotoxicity (IC50 520–82.1 μM) against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Moderate to low cytotoxicity was observed for the hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol extracts of the root bark (IC50 16.1, 29.7 and > 100 μg/mL, respectively), and for the methanol extract of the stem bark (IC50 59.6 μg/mL). The radical scavenging activity of the isolated constituents (1–5) was evaluated on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The applicability of the crude extracts and of the isolated constituents for controlling degenerative diseases is discussed.
Interacting Brownian Swarms: Some Analytical Results
Authors: Sartoretti Guillaume , Hongler Max-Olivier
Published: January 2016

We consider the dynamics of swarms of scalar Brownian agents subject to local imitation mechanisms implemented using mutual rank-based interactions. For appropriate values of the underlying control parameters, the swarm propagates tightly and the distances separating successive agents are iid exponential random variables. Implicitly, the implementation of rank-based mutual interactions, requires that agents have infinite interaction ranges. Using the probabilistic size of the swarm’s support, we analytically estimate the critical interaction range below that flocked swarms cannot survive. In the second part of the paper, we consider the interactions between two flocked swarms of Brownian agents with finite interaction ranges. Both swarms travel with different barycentric velocities, and agents from both swarms indifferently interact with each other. For appropriate initial configurations, both swarms eventually collide (i.e., all agents interact). Depending on the values of the control parameters, one of the following patterns emerges after collision: (i) Both swarms remain essentially flocked, or (ii) the swarms become ultimately quasi-free and recover their nominal barycentric speeds. We derive a set of analytical flocking conditions based on the generalized rank-based Brownian motion. An extensive set of numerical simulations corroborates our analytical findings.
Matching of Energy Provisions in Multihop Wireless Infra-Structures
Authors: Teng Rui , Li Huan-Bang , Miura Ryu , Yamazaki Tatsuya , Davis Peter
Published: January 2016

Recently there have been large advances in energy technologies for battery-operated systems, including green energy resources and high capacity batteries. The effective use of battery energy resources in wireless infrastructure networks to improve the versatility and reliability of wireless communications is an important issue. Emerging applications of smart cities, Internet of Things (IoT), and emergency responses highly rely on the basic communication network infrastructures that enable ubiquitous network connections. However, energy consumption by nodes in a wireless infrastructure network depends on the transmissions of other nodes in the network. Considering this inter-dependence is necessary to achieve efficient provision of energy in wireless networks. This paper studies the issue of energy provision for wireless relay nodes in Wireless Multihop Infrastructures (WMI) assuming constraints on the total energy provision. We introduce a scheme of Energy Provision Matching (Matching-EP) for WMI which optimizes energy provision based on matching of energy provision with estimates of differentiated position-dependent energy consumption by wireless nodes distributed in the network. The evaluation results show that Matching-EP with 4%–34% improvement in energy matching degree enables 10%–40% improvement of the network lifetime, and 5%–40% improvement of packet delivery compared with conventional WMI networks.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Functional Photo Cross-Linkable Smart Polymers Containing Vanillin Derivatives
Authors: Abdelaty Momen , Kuckling Dirk
Published: January 2016

The synthesis of new functional monomers based on vanillin is reported. The monomers further were used in the synthesis of different temperature-responsive photo cross-linkable polymers via free radical polymerization with N-isopropyl acrylamide and a maleimide photo cross-linker. These polymers were characterized by NMR, FTIR and UV spectroscopy, as well as gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Critical solution temperatures were determined by UV spectroscopy. Hydrogel thin films were formed by spin coating of a polymer solution over gold with adhesion promotor followed by cross-linking by UV irradiation. The swelling properties were determined by surface plasmon resonance coupled with optical waveguide spectroscopy. The swelling behavior of the hydrogel films was determined as a function of temperature. The incorporation of a dialkyl amino group compensated the hydrophobic effect of the vanillin monomer. Transition temperatures in the physiological range could be obtained.
Deep Mapping and Spatial Anthropology
Authors: Roberts Les
Published: January 2016

This paper provides an introduction to the Humanities Special Issue on “Deep Mapping”. It sets out the rationale for the collection and explores the broad-ranging nature of perspectives and practices that fall within the “undisciplined” interdisciplinary domain of spatial humanities. Sketching a cross-current of ideas that have begun to coalesce around the concept of “deep mapping”, the paper argues that rather than attempting to outline a set of defining characteristics and “deep” cartographic features, a more instructive approach is to pay closer attention to the multivalent ways deep mapping is performatively put to work. Casting a critical and reflexive gaze over the developing discourse of deep mapping, it is argued that what deep mapping “is” cannot be reduced to the otherwise a-spatial and a-temporal fixity of the “deep map”. In this respect, as an undisciplined survey of this increasing expansive field of study and practice, the paper explores the ways in which deep mapping can engage broader discussion around questions of spatial anthropology.
Cellular Pathways in Response to Ionizing Radiation and Their Targetability for Tumor Radiosensitization
Authors: Maier Patrick , Hartmann Linda , Wenz Frederik , Herskind Carsten
Published: January 2016

During the last few decades, improvements in the planning and application of radiotherapy in combination with surgery and chemotherapy resulted in increased survival rates of tumor patients. However, the success of radiotherapy is impaired by two reasons: firstly, the radioresistance of tumor cells and, secondly, the radiation-induced damage of normal tissue cells located in the field of ionizing radiation. These limitations demand the development of drugs for either radiosensitization of tumor cells or radioprotection of normal tissue cells. In order to identify potential targets, a detailed understanding of the cellular pathways involved in radiation response is an absolute requirement. This review describes the most important pathways of radioresponse and several key target proteins for radiosensitization.
Free Radical Scavenging and Cellular Antioxidant Properties of Astaxanthin
Authors: Dose Janina , Matsugo Seiichi , Yokokawa Haruka , Koshida Yutaro , Okazaki Shigetoshi , Seidel Ulrike , Eggersdorfer Manfred , Rimbach Gerald , Esatbeyoglu Tuba
Published: January 2016

Astaxanthin is a coloring agent which is used as a feed additive in aquaculture nutrition. Recently, potential health benefits of astaxanthin have been discussed which may be partly related to its free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties. Our electron spin resonance (ESR) and spin trapping data suggest that synthetic astaxanthin is a potent free radical scavenger in terms of diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and galvinoxyl free radicals. Furthermore, astaxanthin dose-dependently quenched singlet oxygen as determined by photon counting. In addition to free radical scavenging and singlet oxygen quenching properties, astaxanthin induced the antioxidant enzyme paroxoanase-1, enhanced glutathione concentrations and prevented lipid peroxidation in cultured hepatocytes. Present results suggest that, beyond its coloring properties, synthetic astaxanthin exhibits free radical scavenging, singlet oxygen quenching, and antioxidant activities which could probably positively affect animal and human health.
MicroRNA Regulation of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Abba Mohammed , Patil Nitin , Leupold Jörg , Allgayer Heike
Published: January 2016

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a central regulatory program that is similar in many aspects to several steps of embryonic morphogenesis. In addition to its physiological role in tissue repair and wound healing, EMT contributes to chemo resistance, metastatic dissemination and fibrosis, amongst others. Classically, the morphological change from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype is characterized by the appearance or loss of a group of proteins which have come to be recognized as markers of the EMT process. As with all proteins, these molecules are controlled at the transcriptional and translational level by transcription factors and microRNAs, respectively. A group of developmental transcription factors form the backbone of the EMT cascade and a large body of evidence shows that microRNAs are heavily involved in the successful coordination of mesenchymal transformation and vice versa, either by suppressing the expression of different groups of transcription factors, or otherwise acting as their functional mediators in orchestrating EMT. This article dissects the contribution of microRNAs to EMT and analyzes the molecular basis for their roles in this cellular process. Here, we emphasize their interaction with core transcription factors like the zinc finger enhancer (E)-box binding homeobox (ZEB), Snail and Twist families as well as some pluripotency transcription factors.
Quantifying Multi-Decadal Change of Planted Forest Cover Using Airborne LiDAR and Landsat Imagery
Authors: Wang Xiaoyi , Huang Huabing , Gong Peng , Biging Gregory , Xin Qinchuan , Chen Yanlei , Yang Jun , Liu Caixia
Published: January 2016

Continuous monitoring of forest cover condition is key to understanding the carbon dynamics of forest ecosystems. This paper addresses how to integrate single-year airborne LiDAR and time-series Landsat imagery to derive forest cover change information. LiDAR data were used to extract forest cover at the sub-pixel level of Landsat for a single year, and the Landtrendr algorithm was applied to Landsat spectral data to explore the temporal information of forest cover change. Four different approaches were employed to model the relationship between forest cover and Landsat spectral data. The result shows incorporating the historic information using the temporal trajectory fitting process could infuse the model with better prediction power. Random forest modeling performs the best for quantitative forest cover estimation. Temporal trajectory fitting with random forest model shows the best agreement with validation data (R2 = 0.82 and RMSE = 5.19%). We applied our approach to Youyu county in Shanxi province of China, as part of the Three North Shelter Forest Program, to map multi-decadal forest cover dynamics. With the availability of global time-series Landsat imagery and affordable airborne LiDAR data, the approach we developed has the potential to derive large-scale forest cover dynamics.
Node Self-Deployment Algorithm Based on an Uneven Cluster with Radius Adjusting for Underwater Sensor Networks
Authors: Jiang Peng , Xu Yiming , Wu Feng
Published: January 2016

Existing move-restricted node self-deployment algorithms are based on a fixed node communication radius, evaluate the performance based on network coverage or the connectivity rate and do not consider the number of nodes near the sink node and the energy consumption distribution of the network topology, thereby degrading network reliability and the energy consumption balance. Therefore, we propose a distributed underwater node self-deployment algorithm. First, each node begins the uneven clustering based on the distance on the water surface. Each cluster head node selects its next-hop node to synchronously construct a connected path to the sink node. Second, the cluster head node adjusts its depth while maintaining the layout formed by the uneven clustering and then adjusts the positions of in-cluster nodes. The algorithm originally considers the network reliability and energy consumption balance during node deployment and considers the coverage redundancy rate of all positions that a node may reach during the node position adjustment. Simulation results show, compared to the connected dominating set (CDS) based depth computation algorithm, that the proposed algorithm can increase the number of the nodes near the sink node and improve network reliability while guaranteeing the network connectivity rate. Moreover, it can balance energy consumption during network operation, further improve network coverage rate and reduce energy consumption.
Montagnes et plateaux de la bordure orientale de la Chaîne Ibérique
Authors: Pailhé Pierre
Published: January 2016

La bordure orientale de la Chaîne ibérique juxtapose un secteur montagneux de type jurassien sans surfaces d'érosion très nettes et des plateaux qui présentent au contraire des formes d'aplanissements. L'absence de dislocation entre les deux domaines conduit à limiter l'extension des aplanissements miocènes et à voir dans la montagne un important relief résiduel.
Les paysans et leur logement dans le Sud-Ouest aquitain
Authors: Duboscq Pierre
Published: January 2016

Peasant homestead in South Western France. The autor investigates the recent changes in peasant housing and stresses that they are induced by the various changes which occurred at the farm level in both technical and economical fields. A statistical survey of Aquitaine — a region — shows that when peasants families plan money savings or decide to borrow funds they usually intend to invest on their farm in order to improve their agricultural implements or their housing conditions. It seems that at the elementary level of daily life those housing improvements make the purely domestic tasks (cooking, cleaning, etc.) easier so that the farmers' wives are able to spend more time on production (vegetable gardening, animal husbandry, peak season working in the fields, orchards or vineyards) which increases the family income. The state's policy, on the other hand, intends to increase the agricultural equipments and to enlarge the total yield potential and it is boosted by the Crédit agricole mutuel Bank's system of investment financing. Nevertheless there are in some places and in certain circumstances some affluent peasants whose housing conditions are really improving. On the long range, and without any consideration of the endeavour, most of them are legally stripped of their family patrimony (many heirs abandon agriculture) when they already suffer from the accumulation of debts and loans' interests. The future of rural homesteads and of their architectural features depends entirely on the future evolution of the peasantry itself.
Comparative analysis of pedestrian accidents risk at unsignalized intersections
Authors: Canale Sascia , Distefano Natalia , Leonardi Salvatore
Published: January 2016

More than one accident of three that involve pedestrians in urban area occurs at road intersections. The users’ inproper behaviour, the geometrical characteristics of the intersections, and the high speeds of vehicles are the main causes of pedestrian accidents. In this field, the procedures of road safety analysis (Road Safety Audit and Road Safety Review) play a fundamental role: they are the techniques of investigation aimed at identifying the safety issues and the possible improvements. Nowadays, however, the safety analysis does not allow a quantitative assessment of the level of safety regarding pedestrians. The objective of this work, is to propose a procedure for the quantitative risk analysis. The first phase of the study has been oriented to the definition of the virtual schemes associated with the possible configurations for unsignalized intersections in urban areas, predominantly characterized by local roads. The urban areas in which the residential function prevails, while it is poorly available in the circulation function, were considered then. The criteria, aimed at the characterization of the level of safety, offered to pedestrians by the real urban intersections, have been developed in the second phase. For this purpose, three categories of information have been useful: 1) the data describing the geometry characteristic of the intersection; 2) the geometric characteristic of road elements responsible of the functional pedestrian protection; 3) vehicular and pedestrian traffic data.
Finding and characterizing hidden dips in roads
Authors: Castro María , de Blas Alejandro , Rodríguez-Solano Roberto , Sánchez José Angel
Published: January 2016

Sometimes when connecting a crest vertical curve, followed by a sag and another crest, a road disappears from the view of a driver to reappear later. Then, there is a loss of path or a hidden dip in a road. It is essential to avoid losses when they hide dangerous points, such as intersections or unexpected changes in direction. In addition, this loss disrupts drivers and its effect depends on quantitative relationships between the variables involved in the problem. This paper presents a quantitative procedure for studying hidden dips in roads. The method is based on calculating the sections visible and hidden by a driver using a Geographic Information System. An application to a Spanish road is presented. Procedure results were compared with in situ carried out studies and with a video of the highway recorded using a Global Positioning System equipped video camera embarked in a vehicle. The main quantitative issues related to hidden dips are discussed.
ON THE RETRIEVAL OF MESOSPHERIC WINDS ON MARS AND VENUS FROM GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS AT 10 μm
Authors: Lopez-Valverde M. A. , Montabone L. , Sornig M. , Sonnabend G.
Published: January 2016

A detailed analysis is presented of ground-based observations of atmospheric emissions on Mars and Venus under non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) conditions at high spectral resolution. Our first goal is to comprehend the difficulties behind the derivation of wind speeds from ground-based observations. A second goal is to set a framework to permit comparisons with other observations and with atmospheric models. A forward model including non-LTE radiative transfer is used to evaluate the information content within the telescopic beam, and is later convolved with the beam function and a typical wind field to discern the major contributions to the measured radiance, including limb and nadir views. The emission mostly arises from the non-LTE limb around altitudes of 75 km on Mars and 110 km on Venus. We propose a parameterization of the limb emission using few geophysical parameters which can be extended to other hypothetical CO2 planetary atmospheres. The tropospheric or LTE component of the emission varies with the temperature and is important at low solar illumination but only for the emerging radiance, not for the wind determinations since these are derived from the Doppler shift at the non-LTE line cores. We evaluated the sources of uncertainty and found that the forward model errors amount to approximately 12% of the measured winds, which is normally smaller than the instrumental errors. We applied this study to revise a set of measurements extending for three Martian years and confirmed previous results suggesting winds that are too large simulated by current Martian circulation models at equatorial latitudes during solstice. We encourage new observational campaigns, particularly for the strong jet at mid–high latitudes on Mars, and propose general guidelines and recommendations for future observations.
Une hache étrusque du musée de rouen et la tombe des reliefs de cerveteri. Contribution à l’étude des insignes de pouvoir en étrurie
Authors: Haumesser Laurent
Published: January 2016

Une hache en bronze provenant de la collection Beugnot et conservée au musée de Rouen se distingue par deux lettres étrusques portées sur la douille. L’inscription, probablement un nom, caractérise l’objet comme une offrande votive ou une pièce funéraire. Mais la hache, que l’on peut dater du iv e ou du iii e  s. av. J.‑C., se signale aussi par sa typologie et son décor, qui l’apparentent à trois autres exemplaires anépigraphes ainsi qu’à une hache votive miniature et, surtout, à des représentations figurées, notamment une hache de la célèbre tombe cérétaine des Reliefs. Il est possible que ce type de hache corresponde, comme cela a été suggéré, à un insigne de pouvoir ou de statut politique, appartenant peut‑être à un magistrat étrusque.
La mise en ligne d’actes de colloques, de journées d’étude et de séminaires : l’exemple de l’Antiquité (2012‑2014)
Authors: Fromageot-Lanièpce Virginie
Published: January 2016

La première partie de cette étude, dédiée à la publication électronique d’actes de colloques, de journées d’étude et de séminaires, dans le domaine de l’Antiquité, examine un choix d’exemples trouvés sur le Web francophone et classés par support et par type d’accès. Ces adresses, consultées en 2014 et vérifiées en 2015, renvoient à des publications mises en ligne entre 2012 et 2014, dès leur parution ou avec une barrière mobile. La seconde partie aborde les questions du référencement et de la conservation des publications n’existant que sur support numérique.
Dortous de Mairan et la théorie des aurores polaires : Trajectoire et circulation d’une idée, de 1733 à 1933
Authors: Le Gars Stéphane
Published: January 2016

Cet article étudie la contribution de Jean-Jacques Dortous de Mairan à la compréhension des aurores boréales. Invité par l’Académie royale des sciences, en 1716, à donner une explication rationnelle du phénomène suite aux peurs générées en France par son observation rarissime et surprenante, Mairan, au contraire d’Edmond Halley, donne un rôle privilégié au Soleil, et réfute l’idée que les aurores boréales aient une origine électrique ou magnétique. Au xix e siècle, la théorie cosmique de Mairan sera discréditée, notamment par François Arago et Alexander von Humboldt, qui défendront l’origine atmosphérique du phénomène imaginée par Halley. Finalement, à partir de la fin du xix e siècle, alors que la théorie des aurores boréales se reconstruit à la lumière de découvertes majeures comme les rayons cathodiques, Mairan apparaît comme un précurseur important des nouvelles théories aurorales et de disciplines émergentes comme la géophysique. Nous montrerons alors que c’est moins par le contenu scientifique de sa théorie que par l’historicité qu’il a donnée aux aurores que Mairan a objectivé le phénomène et permis de le sortir du monde du merveilleux qui caractérise encore la philosophie de son époque.
La réception épistémologique de l’œuvre scientifique de Dortous de Mairan dans l’ Encyclopédie
Authors: Chabot Hugues , Breteil Nicolas
Published: January 2016

Cet article explore l’épistémologie des contributions scientifiques de Mairan reprises dans l’ Encyclopédie . Nous étudions spécifiquement les articles consacrés au thème du froid, basés sur sa Dissertation sur la glace . La question des systèmes est aussi abordée en croisant les réflexions méthodologiques de D’Alembert et Mairan.
Archéologie
Authors: Paltrinieri Luca
Published: January 2016

Résumé Après avoir rappelé la variété des significations de la notion chez Foucault, l’article fait retour sur ses usages antérieurs, chez Kant d’abord, au sens d’une histoire de l’ archè de la philosophie, puis chez Martial Guéroult avec l’idée de dianoématique, mais aussi chez Husserl et Merleau-Ponty, chez Sartre et Canguilhem, chez Freud et Lévi-Strauss… De cet héritage multiple, Foucault est en un sens l’héritier mais il innove aussi de façon radicale en privilégiant le concept d’une archéologie « horizontale » qui soit une « science de l’archive ».
En quête des raisons de l’autre
Authors: Bouissou Christine
Published: January 2016

Résumé Ce texte est une réflexion sur les questions d’émancipation vis-à-vis des ancrages normatifs et d’altération des espaces symboliques. L’étude porte sur un reportage radiophonique au cours duquel des jeunes filles, vivant dans une banlieue francilienne, se présentent et mettent leur vie en récit. Si l’on saisit d’abord seulement des considérations anecdotiques, une autre écoute est possible. Étayée notamment par les travaux philosophiques sur le rapport à l’enfance dans le monde contemporain et par l’approche psychanalytique et littéraire de J. Kristeva notamment, l’analyse permet d’avancer quelques pistes concernant la manière dont on peut comprendre et aider à l’émancipation, par le travail psychique de questionnement, de mise en crise des standards sémantiques dont les sujets – ici des femmes – s’autorisent. La mobilité, la plasticité psychique sont des signes de solidité interne, permettant une normativité non crispée mais en travail, une raison non dogmatique mais inscrite dans le collectif et intégrative de l’altérité / adversité.
Level of Service Calculation for Four-Leg Intersection with Different Types of Priorities
Authors: Dumitru Ilie , Matei Lucian , Vînatoru Matei , Racilă Laurențiu
Published: January 2016

Calculation of an intersection Level of Service (delay values in the intersection) is the basis for subsequent development of the area as well as testing factor for the optimum conditions of road traffic. However just as important in evaluating an intersections is the road priority direction. Bringing together the two necessities, in the current context of development, evaluation junctions also needs to be done based on delays caused by road direction priority and the possible problems it causes. A good road traffic requires a low delay value based on road direction priority.
Multi-Domain and Durability Analysis of a Hybrid Hydraulic Vehicle
Authors: Abăităncei Horia , Radu Sebastian , Muntean Bogdan , Irimia Cristi , Grovu Mihail , Husar Călin
Published: January 2016

The intent of this paper is to present a multi-domain and structural study of a hydraulic hybrid machine. The evaluation of different solutions is based on simulation approach, using LMS Imagine.Lab (Amesim) and Ansys Workbench software packages. Amesim provides a 1D simulation suite to model and analyze multi-domain intelligent systems, to predict their multi-disciplinary performance and Ansys Workbench Durability tool performs the high cycle fatigue life calculation. The multi-domain analyses are made for different constructive solutions at different drive ratio. The comprehensive fatigue calculations and results enable engineers to evaluate the main shaft design of the hydraulic motor in order to avoid failures under real world conditions. Some recommendations are made regarding possible solutions.