bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PM10 variation, composition, and source analysis in Tuscany (Italy) following the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions
Authors: Giardi Fabio , Nava Silvia , Calzolai Giulia , Pazzi Giulia , Chiari Massimo , Faggi Andrea , Andreini Bianca Patrizia , Collaveri Chiara , Franchi Elena , Nincheri Guido , Amore Alessandra , Becagli Silvia , Severi Mirko , Traversi Rita , Lucarelli Franco
Published: December 2021

Abstract. To control the spread of COVID-19, in March 2020 exceptional restrictive measures were taken imposing a radical change in the lifestyle of millions of citizens around the world, albeit for a short period of time. The national lockdown, which in Italy lasted from 10 March to 18 May 2020, was a unique opportunity to observe the variation in air quality in urban environments in a condition of almost total traffic block and a strong reduction in work activities. In this paper, the data from seventeen urban monitoring sites in Tuscany are presented by comparing PM and NO2 of the two months before the start of the lockdown and the two after with the corresponding months of the previous three years. The results show that the total load of PM2.5 and PM10 decreased but it did not exhibit significant changes compared to previous years, while NO2 undergoes a drastic reduction. For three of these sites, the chemical composition of the collected samples was measured by thermo-optical, ion chromatography and PIXE analysis, and the application of multivariate PMF analysis allowed the PM10 source identification and apportionment. Thanks to these analyses it was possible to explain the low sensitiveness of PM10 to the lockdown effects as due to different, sometimes opposite, behaviors of the different sources that contribute to PM. The results clearly indicated a decline in pollution levels related to urban traffic and an increase in the concentration of sulfate for all sites during the lockdown period.
Evaluation of SO2, SO42− and an updated SO2 dry deposition parameterization in the United Kingdom Earth System Model
Authors: Hardacre Catherine , Mulcahy Jane P. , Pope Richard J. , Jones Colin G. , Rumbold Steven T. , Li Can , Johnson Colin , Turnock Steven T.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. In this study we evaluate simulated surface SO2 and sulfate (SO42-) concentrations from the United Kingdom Earth System Model (UKESM1) against observations from ground-based measurement networks in the USA and Europe for the period 1987–2014. We find that UKESM1 captures the historical trend for decreasing concentrations of atmospheric SO2 and SO42- in both Europe and the USA over the period 1987–2014. However, in the polluted regions of the eastern USA and Europe, UKESM1 over-predicts surface SO2 concentrations by a factor of 3 while under-predicting surface SO42- concentrations by 25 %–35 %. In the cleaner western USA, the model over-predicts both surface SO2 and SO42- concentrations by factors of 12 and 1.5 respectively. We find that UKESM1’s bias in surface SO2 and SO42- concentrations is variable according to region and season. We also evaluate UKESM1 against total column SO2 from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) using an updated data product. This comparison provides information about the model's global performance, finding that UKESM1 over-predicts total column SO2 over much of the globe, including the large source regions of India, China, the USA, and Europe as well as over outflow regions. Finally, we assess the impact of a more realistic treatment of the model's SO2 dry deposition parameterization. This change increases SO2 dry deposition to the land and ocean surfaces, thus reducing the atmospheric loading of SO2 and SO42-. In comparison with the ground-based and satellite observations, we find that the modified parameterization reduces the model's over-prediction of surface SO2 concentrations and total column SO2. Relative to the ground-based observations, the simulated surface SO42- concentrations are also reduced, while the simulated SO2 dry deposition fluxes increase.
Combined application of Online FIGAERO-CIMS and Offline LC-Orbitrap MS to Characterize the Chemical Composition of SOA in Smog Chamber Studies
Authors: Du Mao , Voliotis Aristeidis , Shao Yunqi , Wang Yu , Bannan Thomas J. , Pereira Kelly L. , Hamilton Jacqueline F. , Percival Carl J. , Alfarra M. Rami , McFiggans Gordon
Published: December 2021

Abstract. A combination of online and offline mass spectrometric techniques was used to characterize the chemical composition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) generated from the photooxidation of α-pinene in an atmospheric simulation chamber. The filter inlet for gases and aerosols (FIGAERO) coupled with a high-resolution time-of-flight iodide chemical ionization mass spectrometer (I–ToF-CIMS) was employed to track the evolution of gaseous and particulate components. Extracts of aerosol particles sampled onto a filter at the end of each experiment were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography ultra-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-Orbitrap MS). Each technique was used to investigate the major SOA elemental group contributions in each system. The online CIMS particle-phase measurements show that organic species containing exclusively carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (CHO group) dominate the contribution to the ion signals from the SOA products, broadly consistent with the LC-Orbitrap MS negative mode analysis which was better able to identify the sulphur-containing fraction. An increased abundance of high carbon number (nC ≥ 16) compounds additionally containing nitrogen (CHON group) was detected in the LC-Orbitrap MS positive ionisation mode, indicating a fraction missed by the negative mode and CIMS measurements. Time series of gas-phase and particle-phase oxidation products provided by online measurements allowed investigation of the gas-phase chemistry of those products by hierarchical clustering analysis to assess the phase partitioning of individual molecular compositions. The particle-phase clustering was used to inform the selection of components for targeted structural analysis of the offline samples. Saturation concentrations derived from near-simultaneous gaseous and particulate measurements of the same ions by FIGAERO-CIMS were compared with those estimated from the molecular structure based on the LC-Orbitrap MS measurements to interpret the component partitioning behaviour. This paper explores the insight brought to the interpretation of SOA chemical composition by the combined application of online FIGAERO-CIMS and offline LC-Orbitrap MS analytical techniques.
Regularity of transportation for cohesive bank-collapsed materials
Authors: Duan Guosheng , Liu Haifei
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The transportation of bank-collapsed materials is a key issue among river evolution processes. In this study, a series of flume experiments were conducted to monitor riverbank collapse processes and to explore the regularity of transportation for cohesive collapsed materials. The collapsed materials, both the bed and suspended loads, that transformed from collapsed materials were intensively evaluated under experimental conditions. The results showed that the collapsed materials contributed to 12～20 % sedimentation in situ, 8～14 % suspended loads and 70～80 % bed loads. In addition, the bed load motion efficiency coefficient (eb), suspended load motion efficiency coefficient (es) and sediment carrying capacity factor (U3/gRω) were introduced to describe the transportation of collapsed materials in terms of energy dissipation. This research provides theoretical and practical benefits for predicting channel evolution processes.
Short communication: A new tool to define multiscale bedform characteristics from bed elevation data
Authors: Zomer Judith , Naqshband Suleyman , Hoitink Ton
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Systematic identification and characterization of bedforms from bathymetric data are crucial in many studies focused on fluvial processes. Automated and accurate processing of bed elevation data is challenging where dune fields are complex, irregular and, especially, where multiple scales co-exist. Here, we introduce a new tool to quantify dune properties from bathymetric data representing multiple dune scales. A first step in the procedure is to decompose the bathymetric data based on a LOESS algorithm. Steep dune lee side slopes are accounted for by implementing objective breaks in the algorithm, accounting for discontinuities in the bed level profiles, often occurring at the toe of the lee side slope of dunes. The steep lee slopes are then approximated by fitting a sigmoid function. Following the decomposition of the bathymetric data, bedforms are identified based on zero-crossing, and the relevant properties are calculated. The approach to decompose bedforms adopted in the presented tool is particularly applicable where secondary dunes are large and thus filtering could easily lead to undesired smoothing of the primary morphology. Application of the tool to two bathymetric maps demonstrates that the decomposition and identification are successful, as the lee side slopes are better preserved.
A muographic study of a scoria cone from 11 directions using nuclear emulsion cloud chambers
Authors: Miyamoto Seigo , Nagahara Shogo , Morishima Kunihiro , Nakano Toshiyuki , Koyama Masato , Suzuki Yusuke
Published: December 2021

Abstract. One of the key challenges for muographic studies is to reveal the detailed 3D density structure of a volcano by increasing the number of observation directions. 3D density imaging by multi-directional muography requires that the individual differences in the performance of the installed muon detectors are small and that the results from each detector can be derived without any bias in the data analysis. Here we describe a pilot muographic study of the Izu–Omuroyama scoria cone in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, from 11 directions, using a new nuclear emulsion detector design optimized for quick installation in the field. We describe the details of the data analysis and present a validation of the results. The Izu–Omuroyama scoria cone is an ideal target for the first multi-directional muographic study, given its expected internal density structure and the topography around the cone. We optimized the design of the nuclear emulsion detector for rapid installation at multiple observation sites in the field, and installed these at 11 sites around the volcano. The images in the developed emulsion films were digitized into segmented tracks with a high-speed automated readout system. The muon tracks in each emulsion detector were then reconstructed. After the track selection, including straightness filtering, the detection efficiency of the muons was estimated. Finally, the density distributions in 2D angular space were derived for each observation site by using a muon flux and attenuation models. The observed muon flux was compared with the expected value in the free sky, and is 88 % ± 4 % in the forward direction and 92 % ± 2 % in the backward direction. The density values were validated by comparison with the values obtained from gravity measurements, and are broadly consistent, except for one site. The excess density at this one site may indicate that the density inside the cone is non-axisymmetric, which is consistent with a previous geological study.
A Novel Objective Function DYNO for Automatic Multi-variable Calibration and Application to Assess Effects of Velocity versus Temperature Data for 3D Lake Models Calibration
Authors: Xia Wei , Akhtar Taimoor , Shoemaker Christine A.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. This study introduced a novel Dynamically Normalized objective function (DYNO) for multi-variable (i.e., temperature and velocity) model calibration problems. DYNO combines the error metrics of multiple variables into a single objective function by dynamically normalizing each variable's error terms using information available during the search. DYNO is proposed to dynamically adjust the weight of the error of each variable hence balancing the calibration to each variable during optimization search. The DYNO is applied to calibrate a tropical hydrodynamic model where temperature and velocity observation data are used for model calibration simultaneously. We also investigated the efficiency of DYNO by comparing the result of using DYNO to results of calibrating to either temperature or velocity observation only. The result indicates that DYNO can balance the calibration in terms of water temperature and velocity and that calibrating to only one variable (e.g., temperature or velocity) cannot guarantee the goodness-of-fit of another variable (e.g., velocity or temperature). Our study suggested that both temperature and velocity measures should be used for hydrodynamic model calibration in real practice. Our example problems were computed with a parallel optimization method PODS but DYNO can also be easily used in serial applications.
Earthquake ruptures and topography controlled by plate interface deformation
Authors: Cubas Nadaya , Agard Philippe , Tissandier Roxane
Published: December 2021

Abstract. What controls the location and segmentation of mega-earthquakes in subduction zones is a long-standing problem in earth sciences. Prediction of earthquake ruptures mostly relies on interplate coupling models based on Global Navigation Satellite Systems providing patterns of slip deficit between tectonic plates. We here investigate if and how the seismic and aseismic patches revealed by these models relate to the distribution of deformation along the plate interface, i.e. basal erosion and/or underplating. From a mechanical analysis of the topography applied along the Chilean subduction zone, we show that extensive plate interface deformation takes place along most of the margin. We show that basal erosion occurs preferentially at 15 km depth while underplating does at 35 ± 10 and 60 ± 5 km depth, in agreement with P-T conditions of recovered underplated material, expected pore pressures, and spatial distribution of marine terraces and uplift rates. Along southern Chile, large sediment input favors shallow accretion and underplating of subducted sediments, while along northern Chile, extensive basal erosion provides material for the underplating. We then show that all major earthquakes of southern Chile are limited along their down-dip end by underplating while, along northern Chile, they are surrounded by both basal erosion and underplating. Segments with heterogeneously distributed deformation largely coincide with lateral earthquake terminations. We therefore propose that long-lived plate interface deformation promotes stress build-up and leads to earthquake nucleation. Earthquakes then propagate along fault planes shielded from this long-lived permanent deformation, and are finally stopped by segments of heterogeneously distributed deformation. Slip deficit patterns and earthquake segmentation therefore reflect the along-dip and along-strike distribution of the plate interface deformation. Topography acts as a mirror of distributed plate interface deformation and should be studied systematically to improve the prediction of earthquake ruptures.
Impact of the melt–albedo feedback on the future evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet with PISM-dEBM-simple
Authors: Zeitz Maria , Reese Ronja , Beckmann Johanna , Krebs-Kanzow Uta , Winkelmann Ricarda
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Surface melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet contributes a large amount to current and future sea level rise. Increased surface melt
may lower the reflectivity of the ice sheet surface and thereby increase melt rates: the so-called melt–albedo feedback describes this self-sustaining increase in surface melting.
In order to test the effect of the melt–albedo feedback in a
prognostic ice sheet model, we implement dEBM-simple, a simplified version of the diurnal Energy Balance Model dEBM, in the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM). The implementation includes a simple representation of the melt–albedo feedback and can thereby replace the positive-degree-day melt scheme.
Using PISM-dEBM-simple, we find that this feedback increases ice loss through surface warming by 60 % until 2300 for the high-emission scenario RCP8.5 when compared to a scenario in which the albedo remains constant at its present-day values.
With an increase of 90 % compared to a fixed-albedo scenario, the effect is more pronounced for lower surface warming under RCP2.6.
Furthermore, assuming an immediate darkening of the ice surface over all summer months, we estimate an upper bound for this effect to be 70 % in the RCP8.5 scenario and a more than 4-fold increase under RCP2.6.
With dEBM-simple implemented in PISM, we find that the melt–albedo feedback is an essential contributor to mass loss in dynamic simulations of the Greenland Ice Sheet under future warming.
Geophysical measurements of perennial snow patches in Pirin Mountain, Bulgaria
Authors: Kisyov Atanas Ivanov , Tzankov Christian Veselinov , Georgieva Gergana Dimitrova
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Perennial snow patches are considered as indicators of permafrost occurence. There are no large glaciers on the territory of Bulgaria but small patches of snow and firn have been observed in the high mountains in the end of the summer. Perennial snow patches are considered as indicators of permafrost occurrence. In this paper we present results from geophysical investigations of Snezhnika microglacier situated in the Golyam Kazan cirque, Pirin Mountain, Bulgaria. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) and 2D Electro Resistivity Tomography (ERT) were used to estimate the thickness of the perennial snow patch as well as its subsurface structure. Measurements started in 2018 and continued over the next three years in order to evaluate changes in the snow patches' size and thickness. The mean thickness of Snezhnika is about 4–6 m, reaching up to 8 m in some areas. ERT measurements of the deeper parts of the microglacier beds show high electrical resistivities reaching over 60000 Ωm at a depth of 4–10 m. An anomaly at this depth is likewise distinguishable on the GPR profiles. These anomalies are interpreted as frozen zones and are consistently observed on the ERT and GPR profiles in the next two years of the study. These results imply for the first time the existence of permafrost in Pirin mountain and respectively in Bulgaria.
El conflicto de Siria en la prensa española: un análisis sobre la securitización de la guerra
Authors: Moreno Mercado José Manuel , García Marín Javier , G. Luengo Óscar
Published: December 2021

Este artículo analiza el posible proceso de securitización mediática de la prensa española a la hora de informar sobre el conflicto sirio. Para ello se ha realizado un análisis automatizado, a través del algoritmo supervisado SVM, con el objetivo de medir el uso de los encuadres de drama humano y de seguridad. Los resultados muestran que las explicaciones asociadas a la cuestiones de seguridad han ocupado la mayor parte de la cobertura durante los más de nueve años que dura el conflicto (2011-2020). Asimismo, el artículo muestra que no existen diferencias significativas entre los diferentes diarios, utilizando un lenguaje similar a la hora de construir las noticias. Por lo tanto, la orientación ideológica no es determinante a la hora de construir las noticias sobre la guerra en Siria. Igualmente, la minería de texto realizada sugiere que la prensa española ha centrado su atención en el aspecto internacional del conflicto teniendo dificultades para identificar a otros actores internos. En definitiva, la investigación pretende analizar de forma global las noticias referentes a una de la crisis humanitarias más graves del presente milenio.
Un dispositivo temporal: desastres y la articulación de la (des)aceleración en y más allá del terremoto de Ancash de 1970
Authors: Usón Tomás J. , Stehrenberger Cécile Stephanie
Published: December 2021

Históricamente, los estudios de desastres han presentado dos comprensiones antagónicas de las catástrofes: singularidades extremas que producen historia o procesos que perpetúan estructuras sociopolíticas e inequidades. Mediante un análisis del terremoto de 1970 en Ancash, Perú, y su influencia en la implementación de discursos de (des)aceleración en medio de grandes transformaciones en la sociedad peruana, este artículo presenta una comprensión alternativa de los desastres más allá de la disrupción y continuidad, para enfocarse en las articulaciones temporales que estos producen. Al ser concebidos como dispositivos temporales, los desastres tienen la capacidad de reestructurar ritmos, escalas y temporalidades de manera heterogénea y múltiple. El artículo pretende aportar argumentos que, aunque basados en el terremoto de Ancash, pueden aplicarse a otros debates sobre catástrofes, crisis y desastres como desencadenantes de aceleración y desaceleración económica, social o cultural.
Acelerar la acción colectiva. Afinidades teóricas entre estudios de conflictos y la teoría de la aceleración
Authors: Torres Felipe
Published: December 2021

La teoría de la aceleración ha hecho hincapié en los efectos alienantes de la aceleración de la vida social, pero ha prestado menos atención a posibles objetivos emancipadores. ¿Es posible considerar la acción y los conflictos colectivos como un motor de aceleración? Si es así, ¿es una motivación contingente-situada o más bien una condición estructural? La hipótesis principal de este artículo es que los conflictos se consideran un motor de aceleración contingente o estructural dependiendo del punto de partida teórico que se adopte: 1) si los conflictos son una “excepción”, como “anomalía” a resolver en un supuesto curso “normal” de la sociedad (perspectiva funcionalista), no existe una condición estructural de aceleración sobre ellos, sino más bien contextual. A la inversa, 2) si los conflictos se perciben como parte constitutiva de la sociedad moderna-capitalista también pueden entenderse como un motor acelerador que apuntala la vida social con potenciales emancipadores.
Antimicrobial activity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum APsulloc 331261 and APsulloc 331266 against pathogenic skin microbiota
Authors: Chae Minjung , Kim Beom Joon , Na Jungtae , Kim Su-Young , Lee Jung Ok , Kim Yu-jin , Lee Esther , Cho Donghyun , Roh Jonghwa , Kim Wangi
Published: December 2021

Balanced skin microbiota is crucial for maintaining healthy normal skin function; however, disruption of the balance in skin microbiota is linked with skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, dandruff, and candidiasis. Lactoplantibacillus species with proved with health benefits are probiotics that improve the balance of microbiome in skin and gut. In the present study, we investigated the potential antimicrobial activity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum APsulloc 331261 (APsulloc 331261) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum APsulloc 331266 (APsulloc 331266) derived from green tea, in inhibiting five skin pathogenic strains (Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), Candia albicans (C. albicans), Malassezia globosa (M. globose), and Malassezia restricta (M. restricta)) associated with skin infection. Viability of S. aureus, C. acnes, C. albicans, M. globosa, and M. restricta was inhibited by indirect co-culture with APsulloc 331261 or APsulloc 331266 at various ratios. Different concentrations of the cell-free conditioned media (CM) derived from APsulloc 331261 or APsulloc 331266 inhibited the vaibility of S. aureus, C. acnes, C. albicans, M. globosa and M. restricta in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, susceptibility of S. aureus, C. acnes, and C. albicans against APsulloc 331261 or APsulloc 331266 was confirmed following agar overlay methods. Results of the agar overlay confirmed that various concentrations of APsulloc 331261 and APsulloc 331266 exhibited low to high inhibitory activity on the growth of S. aureus (ZDI 20.3 ± 2.1–32.3 ± 2.1 mm, R value 5.7 ± 0.8–7.8 ± 1.3 mm), C. acnes (ZDI 15.0 ± 1.7–22.2 ± 1.7 mm, R value 3.2 ± 1.3–5.5 ± 1.3 mm) and C. albicans (ZDI 13.3 ± 4.0–27.0 ± 3.6 mm, R value 2.8 ± 1.9–5.5 ± 1.7 mm). Finally, standard PCR analysis identified the presence of the of plantaricin genes encoding antimicrobial peptides in APsulloc 331261 and APsulloc 331266. These results suggest that APsulloc 331261 and APsulloc 331266 has a potential effect in the improvement of the balance of skin microbiota by inhibiting skin pathogenic strains.
Should Language Acquisition Researchers Study “Grit”? A Cautionary Note and Some Suggestions
Authors: Credé Marcus , Tynan Michael
Published: December 2021

Grit is theoretically defined as the combination of perseverance and passion for long term goals. Both of these constructs are likely to be relevant for our understanding of how language acquisition occurs and for explaining between-person differences in the rate of language acquisition. Despite this relevance, there are methodological and theoretical reasons why language acquisition researchers should be cautious about studying “grit” as a construct that is predictive of or causally related to language acquisition. In this paper we discuss some of these reasons, with a specific focus on the problems associated with the aggregation of perseverance and passion into a single variable, and the lack of predictive validity for other important life outcomes. We also discuss and describe with examples other challenges involved in studying grit, passion, or perseverance. Finally, we offer suggestions for some potentially more fruitful ways in which perseverance and passion for long-term goals may be integrated into research on second/foreign language acquisition. For example, we discuss how the measurement of grit facets may need to be revised to be better aligned with the “persisting despite initial failure” theoretical definition of perseverance, and to also balance the negatively-worded and positively-worded item content of the scales. We also discuss how an examination of necessary-but-not-sufficient relationships between grit facets and language acquisition using Dul’s (2016) methodology may be particularly valuable. That is, perseverance and passion may both be required for successful language acquisition but be insufficient on their own because other variables also need to be present (e.g., opportunity to practice, feedback).
The attractiveness of public-private partnership for road projects in India
Authors: Malek Mohammed Shakil , Zala Laxmansinh
Published: December 2021

The objective of this paper was to have a study on the perceptions of stakeholders of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects for factors affecting the attractiveness of road projects in India. A questionnaire survey was conducted among major PPP project participants of Indian PPP road projects. Fifteen attractive factors were shortlisted through a literature survey for designing the questionnaire. Collected data was analyzed with factor analysis and descriptive statistical analysis. The findings resulted in three components: effectiveness of the private sector, effective time and cost management, and the public sector’s economic benefit. Eight factors were identified as highly affecting the attractiveness of PPP in Indian road projects. PPP provides ample diversity of net benefits to both the public and private sectors. During the project development stage, both sectors have to formulate decisions based on appropriate assessment criteria. Therefore, the reflection of attractive factors will assist the public-sector to select PPP in the road sector. It also helps to establish the strategy for road projects using PPP.
Project scheduling and buffer management: A comprehensive review and future directions
Authors: Zohrehvandi Shakib , Soltani Roya
Published: December 2021

In the project management, buffers are considered to handle uncertainties that lead to changes in project scheduling which in turn causes project delivery delay. The purpose of this survey is to discuss the state of the art on models and methods for project buffer management and time optimization of construction projects and manufacturing industries. There are not literally any surveys which review the literature of project buffer management and time optimization. This research adds to the previous literature surveys and focuses mainly on papers after 2014 but with a quick review on previous works. This research investigates the literature from project buffer sizing, project buffer consumption monitoring and project time/resource optimization perspectives.
Some results on the existence of weak periodic solutions for quasilinear parabolic systems with L1 data
Authors: Charkaoui Abderrahim , Kouadri Ghada , Alaa Nour Eddine
Published: December 2021

The aim of this paper is to prove the existence of weak periodic solution and super solution for M×M reaction diffusion system with L1 data and nonlinearity on the gradient. The existence is proved by the technique of sub and super solution and Schauder fixed point theorem.
Existence of a renormalized solution of nonlinear parabolic equations with general measure data
Authors: Marah Amine , Redwane Hicham
Published: December 2021

In this paper we prove the existence of a renormalized solution for nonlinear parabolic equations of the type:$$\displaystyle{\partial b(x,u)\over\partial t} - {\rm div}\Big(a(x,t,\nabla u)\Big)=\mu\qquad \text{in}\ \Omega\times (0,T),$$ where the right handside is a general measure, $b(x,u)$ is anunbounded function of $u$ and $- {\rm div}(a(x,t,\nabla u))$is a Leray--Lions type operator with growth $|\nabla u|^{p-1}$ in$\nabla u$.
The unique solution of some operator equations via fractional differential equations
Authors: Afshari Hojat , Khoshvaghti L.
Published: December 2021

In this paper we consider the existence and uniqueness of positive solutions to the following operator equation in an ordered Banach space $E$$$A(x,x)+B(x,x)=x,~x\in P,$$where $P$ is a cone in $E$. We study an application for fractional differential equations.
Three robust edges stopping functions for image denoising
Authors: Rezgui Hicham , Maouni Messaoud , Hadji Mohammed Lakhdar , Touil Ghassen
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we present three strong edge stopping functions for image enhancement. These edge stopping functions have the advantage of effectively removing the image noise while preserving the true edges and other important features. The obtained results show an improved quality for the restored images compared to existing restoration models.
Continuous Separation Process of Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsion by Simultaneous Application of an Electrical Field Combined with a Novel Absorbent Based on Functionalised PolyHIPE Polymer
Authors: Algburi Dr. Abbas K.
Published: December 2021

During the extraction process of crude oil, the removal of water from a high stability water-in-crude oil emulsions is life-threatening for the production of a profitable product. However, several technologies of separation exist today, e.g. stripping columns, centrifugal separators, coalescence separators, vacuum distillation systems and gravity separators, almost all of these approaches are not able to completely remove water from water-in-crude oil emulsions besides their high cost.

In this study, the preparation of a high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) was achieved on a laboratory scale. Subsequently, it was polymerized and sulphonated to produce a hydrophilic macroporous polyHIPE polymer (PHP) called silane (vinyl trimethoxy silane) PHP with a relatively high surface area of 104 m 2/g. It demonstrates high water absorption capability in addition to its ability to remove surface active substances such as Mg, Ca, Na and Cl, from crude oil which cause crude oil emulsification.

The rates of demulsification of water-in-crude oil emulsions were examined in high AC field under various emulsion inlet flow rates from 100 ml/min to 1500 ml/min and different applied voltages from 1-5 kV (equivalent to 14-69 kV/m) by using a model of an electrostatic separator combined with silane PHP as absorber. It was found that the best separation efficiency was 91% with applied voltage of 5 kV and emulsion inlet flow rate of 100 ml/min. When the spent silane PHP was reused in the demulsification process under similar conditions, a separation efficiency of up to 73% was achieved. Also, it was noticed that the separation efficiency was increased with the increase in applied voltage and reduction in the inlet flow rate of emulsion. Moreover, the original or spent silane PHP were able to remove the undesired metals present in the crude oil.

Keywords: Demulsification; Emulsion flow rate; Separation efficiency; Electrostatic Separator;  Electric field strength.
Estimation of Performance of Clinical Separations and Quality of Medicare of Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kumekbayeva Saule , Baubekov Meiram ,   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics
Published: December 2021

The article presents an analytical report about the activity of Scientific-research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics clinic for the period of 2015-2019 years. For the analysis of the in-patient clinic statistics annual report on the work of the hospital were used (Form 30), section 3 «Bedspace and its use» and the form 14 “Report on the activities of the in-patient clinic for the period of a year”, form 17 "Report on medical and pharmaceutical shots". On top of that, there were made the analysis of conjunctural reports of heads of functional departments of clinic. Except it, the analysis of quality of providing of medicare is conducted
Biomechnical Aspects of the Occurrence and Development of Osteoarthrosis of the Knee Joint
Authors:   Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Education, Abdurazakov Arman , Nechaev Vladimir ,   Board of the League for the Development of Pediatrics
Published: December 2021

This article is devoted to the study of the biomechanics of the occurrence and development of osteoarthrosis of the knee joint. Based on published data and our own clinical studies, data are presented on the role of varus torque in the development and progression of osteoatrosis of the knee joint. To reduce the load on the medial part of the knee joint, the use of foot orthoses is recommended, which relieve the medial part and reduce the progression of osteoarthritis of the knee joint
The use of an Intraoperative Computed Tomograph with a Navigation Station for Operations on the Spine
Authors:   e Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Mukhametzhanov Khanat , Mukhametzhanov Dulat ,   National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery. Acad. N.N. Burdenko, Karibayev Buratay ,   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Bulekbayeva Sholpan ,   National Center for Children's Rehabilitation, Bekarisov Olzhas ,   Traumatology and Orthopedics for Research and Strategy, Kussainova Kenzhe ,   National Center for Children's Rehabilitation, Dussenbayev Nurzhan ,   Medical University Astana
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study: to analyze the results of using an intraoperative computed tomography scanner with a navigation station during spinal operations. Methods. The authors conducted a retrospective and prospective analysis of the results of 350 operations using the image intensifier tube, 390 operations with O arm and 11 operations with O arm and the Stealth-Station navigation station (Medtronic, USA). To the 350 patients operated on using the image intensifier, 1822 screws were implanted, on average 5.2 screws per operation. 117 (6.5%) screws were implanted incorrectly, of which a permissible or clinically insignificant malposition of the screw was noted in 90 (4.9%) patients. Incorrectly installed screws remaining in 27 (1.5%) patients required revision surgery. To 390 patients operated with O arm, 2477 screws were implanted, on average 6.3 screws during one operation. Incorrectly 33 (1.3%) screws were implanted, of which 25 screws were acceptable malposition. Invalid malposition of 8 (0.3%) screws was eliminated during the current operation. Results. Comparative studies of the total number of incorrectly implanted screws during operations using the image intensifier tube and O arm showed that they were more often observed when using the image intensifier tube (p <0.001) and there was no unacceptable malposition of the screws when performing the operation under O arm, since it was diagnosed in time during current operation and eliminated. A total of 66 screws were implanted in 11 patients operated using O arm and the Stealth-Station navigation station, an average of 6 screws during one operation. Inaccurate implantation of screws was not observed in any patient. Conclusions. O-arm with the Stealth-Station navigation station is the most modern method of controlling the correctness of spinal operations when anatomical landmarks are partially invisible - with open operations or invisible at all - with minimally invasive surgical interventions in real time.
Results of Scientific Activity of Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics in 2019
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Batpenov Nurlan , Bekarissov Olzhas ,   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ospanov Kuanysh ,   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Abdrakhmanova Aliya ,   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics
Published: December 2021

The article presents the main results of scientific activity in the framework of special-purpose programme financing, within the framework of which innovative. Methods of diagnostics and diseases treatment, limbs and spine injuries have been developed. They have been introduced into clinical practice of institute’s departments and into republic regions. Conferences, workshops, scientific products, the implementation of scientific and practical developments, training of personnel are presented in this article.
Retroperitoneal Pelvic Packing of the Pelvic Bleeding (Clinical Observation)
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Makhambetchin Murat , Stepanov Alexander ,   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics
Published: December 2021

A clinical example of severe intra-pelvic bleeding in a patient S. 47 years old, with closed unstable pelvic fractures as a result of catatrauma, is presented for consideration. Laparotomy was performed with revision of the abdominal organs, stopping of intra-pelvic bleeding by retroperitoneal plugging of the pelvic tissue from a separate suprapubic access. Sufficient hemostasis was obtained with massive bleeding with two cardiac arrests. A clinical example demonstrates the effectiveness of retroperitoneal pelvic tamponade with ongoing massive bleeding. Analysis of tactical error with premature relaparotomy after 12 hours confirms the need to comply with the rules of the “damage control” tactic. Retroperitoneal tamponade of the pelvic fiber may be the only possible effective way to stop massive pelvic bleeding with unstable pelvic fractures.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Cysts of the Knee
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Raimagambetov Yerik , Korganbekova Gulzhanat ,   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Balbossynov Bagdat ,   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Akhmetov Sanat ,   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics
Published: December 2021

The formation of anterior cruciate ligament cysts is one of the rare non-traumatic forms of knee joint lesions with unexplored etiopathogenesis. The formation of cysts of the anterior cruciate ligament is characteristic of younger people. The disease can be asymptomatic, being detected by chance during magnetic resonance imaging of the knee joint, in the case of a symptomatic course of the disease, the main complaints are chronic nonspecific pain, limitation of terminal flexion and extension of the joint, rarely mechanical symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging is the method of choice for diagnosing these pathological conditions of the knee joint. The arthroscopic aid allows you to successfully combat this condition, while in the absence of a threat to the stability of the joint, debridement of the joint is performed, and if the stability of the joint is threatened, the issue of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament is considered.
Realization Results of the Roadmap оn the Implementation of an Integrated Model of Medical Service for Injuries and Accidents for 2019
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, n Iskakov Yerzhan , Jaxybekova Galina ,   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Bermagambetova Gazima ,   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Raushan Raushan ,   Astana Medical University
Published: December 2021

The analysis of the work in accordance with the plan of measures and indicators of the realization of the Roadmap for the implementation of an integrated model of medical care for injuries is presented, gather information of 2018 on a set of measures to implement the Plan and activities of the trauma service in the Republic of Kazakhstan has been collected.
Reconstructive-Recovery Surgeries for Replacing Defects of Lower Extremity Soft Tissues of the Lower Extremity Using a Sural Fascial Skin Flap on the Distal Base
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Balgazarov Serik , Ramazanov Zhanatay ,   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Abilov Ruslan ,   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Dolgov Alexey ,   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Balgazarov Amanzhol ,   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Moroshan Artem ,   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of the first stage treatment of 32 patients with long-term non-healing defects of lower leg and heel soft tissues. There were 14 women and 18 men. The patients age ranged from 28 to 65 years old. We used sural fasciocutaneous flap on a distal base to replace defects in all patients. All flaps survived and provided good functional results of the restored skin of the foot and lower leg. In all cases, the sural nerve was included in the flap. In three cases, marginal ischemia of the flap was observed. The use of surgical interventions according to the developed method for long-term non-healing defects of lower leg and heel soft tissues made it possible to achieve complete injury healing.
Reconstruction of the Achilles Tendon Defect with Semitendinosus and Gracilis Grafts
Authors:   Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Batpenov Nurlan , Mursalov Nagmet ,   Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Raimagambetov Yerik ,   Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Akhmetov Sanat ,   Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics
Published: December 2021

The article describes a clinical case of a patient with Achilles tendon defect with grafts from semitendinosus and gracilis muscles. The patient underwent an intervention to restore the function of the Achilles tendon by filling its defect with an autograft from the semitendinosus and gracilis muscles of the thigh. Our proposed technique for the restoration of the Achilles tendon defect is unique. This technique requires further study and, in a favorable treatment outcome, introduce this technique for widespread use.
Result of Surgical Treatment Congenital Kyphoscoliotic Deformity Lumbar Spine
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Serikov Serik , Abdaliуev Seidaly ,   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics
Published: December 2021

The progression of congenital deformity of the spine with lateral and posterolateral hemivertebrae requires early radical surgical treatment with full correction of the deformity and restoration of the anatomical and physiological curves of the spine. The level and length of fixation is selected individually; the duration of fixation depends on the time of fusion formation. A clinical case of a two-stage surgical treatment with dorsal access of a patient with progressive kyphoscoliotic deformity is presented. As a result of the operations, a complete correction of the deformation was achieved while maintaining the correct balance of the body.
Treatment of a Patient with a Combination of Congenital Muscle Torticollis and Idiopathic Scoliosis of the Upper Thoracic Spine
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic, Shcherbina Alexander , Abdaliуev Seidaly ,   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic, Yestay Daniyar ,   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic
Published: December 2021

A clinical case of a combination of such pathologies of the musculoskeletal system as congenital muscular torticollis and idiopathic scoliosis in one patient, as well as stage surgical treatment with subsequent assessment of the results in dynamics is presented. We concluded that with timely treatment of neck deformity in early childhood, surgery on the thoracic spine could have been avoided
Implementation of the Strategic Plan of the Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics for Clinical Activities for 2018-2019
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Baubekov Meiram , Mermukanova Aklima ,   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kumekbayeva Saule ,   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Karibdzhanov Bulat ,   Almaty University Management
Published: December 2021

The article studies the clinical activity of the Scientific-research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics for the period of 2018 – 2019 years as part of the implementation of the Strategic Plan of Scientific-research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics. An analysis of the hospital’s activities was carried out on the basis of statistical data of the annual report on the hospital’s work (form 30), section 3 «Bedspace and its use» and the form 14 «The report on the hospital’s activities for the year». The analysis of conjunctural reports of heads of the functional departments of Scientific-research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics was carried out. There is an improvement in the qualitative and quantitative indicators of clinical activity of Scientific-research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics.
Quality management system of Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kumekbayeva Saule
Published: December 2021

The effective quality management demands clear-cut documented requirements both for the qualities of medical services and for the processes of production. Working out of the documentation is one of the most complicated and labor-intensive stages of quality management system introduction. The organization should determine a volume and structure of quality management system documentation, establish common requirements, norms and rules of formation, execution and use of the documents. The article presents main types of quality management system documents, worked out at NIITO, which regulate the requirements for medical care and ensure a competitiveness of medical institution in conditions of market economy.