bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La psychiatrie de secteur découverte de l’intérieur
Authors: Klopp Serge
Published: November 2018

À travers le récit d’une vie professionnelle d’infirmier et de cadre en psychiatrie, la découverte de la mise en place et des pratiques de la psychiatrie et de la pédopsychiatrie de secteur au cœur de la ville et de la vie. Ce texte se conclut par une alerte sur la situation actuelle de la psychiatrie publique, qui s’éloigne de plus en plus de la philosophie et des pratiques de la psychiatrie sociale.
Manipulation in the Treatment of Frozen Shoulder
Authors: Hill James J , Bogumill Hugh
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT: The treatment of frozen Shoulder has been an area of controversy in orthopedics for many years. The natural history of this condition would indicate that most patients recover painless range of motion of the shoulder by 2 years after the onset of symptoms. However, work and economic pressures often make it important to establish a treatment program that can enable these patients to return to a functional, painless range of motion as soon as possible. In this retrospective study, 17 frozen shoulders in 15 patients who did not respond to physical therapy were manipulated. Of those patients not able to work prior to their shoulder problems, 70% had returned to work within an average of 2.6 months of manipulation. All of the patients in this study had a significant improvement in shoulder flexion and abduction, returning to a functional range of shoulder motion. Manipulation allowed the patients studied to return to a normal lifestyle and to work much sooner than the reported natural history of this condition would indicate.
Evaluation, Management, and Outcomes of Lunate and Perilunate Dislocations
Authors: Goodman Avi D. , Harris Andrew P. , Gil Joseph A. , Park Joseph , Raducha Jeremy , Got Christopher J.
Published: November 2018

Lunate and perilunate dislocations are potentially devastating injuries that are often unrecognized at initial evaluation. Prompt recognition and treatment is necessary to prevent adverse sequelae, including median nerve dysfunction, carpal instability, posttraumatic arthritis, reduced functionality, and avascular necrosis. In patients who are surgical candidates, operative intervention is warranted to restore carpal kinematics and provide optimal outcomes. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(1):e1–e6.]
Complications Following Internal Fixator in the Treatment of Pelvic Fracture
Authors: Yin Yingchao , Zhang Ruipeng , Li Shilun , Su Ke , Hou Zhiyong , Zhang Yingze
Published: November 2018

The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the incidence of complications of the internal fixator in the treatment of anterior pelvic ring injury. The literature was comprehensively searched from 1980 to January 2017 to identify potential studies. Six studies involving 272 cases of anterior pelvic ring injury treated with the internal fixator were included in this meta-analysis. The rates of wound infection, heterotopic ossification, nerve paresthesia, pain, and fracture dislocation were 5.7%, 35.1%, 28.2%, 3.7%, and 3.0%, respectively. This new technique should be prudently used to treat pelvic fractures. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(1):e7–e13.]
Movimientos sociales y cambio social. ¿Una lógica o varias lógicas de acción colectiva?
Authors: Aguilar Salvador
Published: November 2018

Este trabajo pone en cuestión el supuesto, muy extendido en la teoría sociológica, de que los movimientos sociales son los agentes por excelencia del cambio social. Aquí se propone una reformulación conceptual en el campo del estudio de la acción colectiva (y en particular de la acción colectiva informal, campo donde se insertan los movimientos). Para ello, se da, en primer lugar, entrada a la noción de "acción colectiva de masas", como alternativa más precisa conceptualmente, y también valorativamente más neutra, que la de "turba" (mob) o "muchedumbre" (crowd) utilizada por historiadores sociales y sociólogos de la historia. En segundo lugar, se hace un balance de lo que la teoría sociológica postolsoniana de la acción ha aportado al conocimiento del fenómeno de la acción colectiva. El trabajo pretende mostrar que esta aportación es ya, hoy, sustantiva, y que, contrariamente a supuestos heredados, permite concluir inequívocamente que no hay una lógica unitaria, sino plural de la acción colectiva.
Acción racional y agentes complejos. Cuestiones de empiria, teoría y metateoría a propósito de los "efectos perversos"
Authors: L. Cristiano Javier
Published: November 2018

En este artículo se discuten temas teóricos y metodológicos referidos a la investigación de "efectos perversos". En primer lugar, se intenta una delimitación del concepto en tanto tipo particular de "consecuencia no intencional" de la acción social. En segundo lugar, se defiende una interpretación de la postura metodológica de Raymond Boudon, según la cual el estudio de "efectos perversos" ni puede ni debe quedar limitado por los supuestos del "racionalismo metodológico". Tercero, se argumenta la pertinencia de esa afirmación mediante un breve análisis de cuatro casos de "efectos perversos".
Articulación de intereses y movimientos sociales en argentina. El caso del movimiento de mujeres agropecuarias en lucha (MMAL)
Authors: Lattuada Mario
Published: November 2018

En este trabajo se aborda el tema de los movimientos sociales, poniendo el centro de atención en los aspectos dinámicos del mismo, es decir, en su evolución y dinámica de cambio. La tesis central que se plantea es la de afirmar que el éxito de un movimiento social en la consecución de sus demandas le conduce a una creciente corporatización de sus estructuras organizativas, desprendiéndose de gran parte de sus rasgos fundamentales (discurso identitario, estructuras horizontales, racionalidad orientada a valores, base social amplia y heterogénea) para irle acercando a los que son típicos de las organizaciones formales de representación de intereses. Para contrastar empíricamente esta tesis, se analiza el caso del Movimiento de Mujeres Agropecuarias en Lucha (MMAL) desarrollado en Argentina durante la década de los 90 como reacción de los agricultores al problema del endeudamiento y ante la incapacidad de las organizaciones gremiales tradicionales para defender los intereses del sector agrario argentino. La originalidad del MMAL radica en el hecho de haber sido protagonizado por mujeres-esposas de propietarios agrarios, utilizando estrategias y métodos de lucha típicos de los movimientos sociales. Tras seis años de movilizaciones, el MMAL ha experimentado un importante proceso de corporatización hasta adquirir el status de interlocutores ante los poderes públicos.
Cualificación, socialización y terciarización
Authors: Sanchis Enric
Published: November 2018

Desde hace más de dos décadas, el problema de la cualificación ha pasado a ocupar un lugar central en los debates sobre políticas activas de empleo y estrategias de modernización económica. En estos debates suele darse por supuesto un concepto de cualificación que tiende a ocultar su complejidad. En este artículo se discuten algunos de los problemas que se esconden tras este concepto. Primero se distingue entre la dimensión socio-cultural de la cualificación y la técnico-profesional (que puede descomponerse en cualificación explícita y tácita). Luego se define la cualificación del trabajador (c. efectiva) en relación a la del empleo que ocupa (c. nominal) y se plantea el problema de la confrontación entre ambas. Este problema se aborda considerando la cualificación como resultado de un proceso de construcción social y distinguiendo entre definición técnica y social de la cualificación. Finalmente se analiza la cuestión de cómo y dónde se adquiere la cualificación y se interviene en el debate sobre las relaciones entre ésta y el cambio tecnológico.
Segregação sexual do emprego em Portugal no último quarto de século – Agravamento ou abrandamento?
Authors: Coelho Lina , Ferreira Virgínia
Published: November 2018

Este texto partiu do desafio de revisitar o artigo originalmente publicado por Virgínia Ferreira na coletânea Portugal: um retrato singular (Santos, 1993). A comparação com base na informação estatística de meados dos anos 80 mostrava que Portugal apresentava algumas diferenças relativamente quer aos países mais desenvolvidos da Comunidade Económica Europeia, quer aos países da Europa do Sul. Na altura, sobressaía a constatação de que não observávamos a tendência identificada na literatura para o aumento da rigidez da divisão sexual do trabalho, com o aumento da participação das mulheres na atividade económica. O fenómeno da segregação sexual do emprego era evidente, mas em menor grau do que em outros países. As autoras fazem agora uma revisitação dos dados e argumentos aí apresentados e a respetiva atualização e análise, sendo ressaltados os efeitos do acentuado crescimento do emprego na economia do cuidado e nas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação.
Portugal e a promoção da paz: uma análise crítica de percursos pós-coloniais
Authors: Cravo Teresa Almeida , Lopes Paula Duarte , Roque Sílvia
Published: November 2018

Nas últimas décadas, vários atores têm procurado promover a paz na periferia, enquadrados nas lógicas dominantes do intervencionismo global. Entre estes, ex-potências colonizadoras como Portugal têm vindo a intervir em espaços anteriormente sob o seu jugo colonial e onde se desenrolaram processos longos e complexos de violência. Este artigo analisa criticamente o papel de Portugal na promoção da paz, neste quadro duplo de ex-metrópole e de intervencionismo global. Começa, assim, por examinar brevemente o pensamento e prática destas intervenções e, de seguida, o contexto da política externa portuguesa pós-Revolução, explorando posteriormente os estudos de caso da Guiné-Bissau e de Timor-Leste. Por fim, o artigo debruça-se sobre as críticas a este intervencionismo e suas implicações, numa perspetiva pós-colonial.
Sindicalismo e lutas sociais em tempos de crise
Authors: Fonseca Dora , Estanque Elísio
Published: November 2018

A austeridade imposta na sequência do Memorando de Entendimento despoletou uma insatisfação que se estendeu a amplos setores da sociedade portuguesa. A par da ação sindical, que atravessou um período particularmente crítico entre 2010 e 2013, outros atores coletivos emergiram a partir da sociedade civil e mobilizaram-se contra a expansão da precariedade laboral e da austeridade, configurando-se um ciclo de protesto. Esse contexto foi terreno fértil para a emergência de novas estratégias de ação, evidenciando a existência de relações ambivalentes, marcadas por complementaridades e tensões, entre o campo sindical e os movimentos sociais. Este artigo foca a construção de relações de colaboração/articulação entre a CGTP (a maior confederação sindical portuguesa) e o movimento anti austeridade, procurando identificar os fatores facilitadores e os obstáculos enfrentados.
Sociologia do direito made in Portugal: o contributo do CES no panorama nacional
Authors: Branco Patrícia , Casaleiro Paula , Pedroso João
Published: November 2018

No início do século xxi, observa-se um processo de consolidação da institucionalização e o início da internacionalização da sociologia do direito portuguesa, em que o Centro de Estudos Sociais (CES) da Universidade de Coimbra continua a ter um papel central e determinante, embora comecem a surgir e a afirmar-se outros atores institucionais. Apesar de tudo, o distanciamento entre os campos disciplinares da sociologia e do direito continua a prevalecer. O presente artigo traça a história da sociologia do direito em Portugal, no século xxi, com enfoque particular no papel do CES, dividindo-se em três partes: a primeira trata das tendências transversais da sociologia do direito em Portugal; a segunda refere-se aos grandes temas que têm sido objeto de análise, nos últimos 20 anos; e, por fim, a terceira parte debruçar-se-á sobre os desafios a enfrentar no futuro.
L’art de ne pas être lisible
Authors: Kelly Piers
Published: November 2018

Discutant la proposition de l’anthropologue James Scott, qui affirme que l’absence de formes d’écritures vernaculaires parmi les minorités des hautes terres de l’Asie du Sud-Est continentale constituerait une des différentes manières de fuir l’État, l’auteur examine neuf écritures retrouvées, créées sur fond de violents conflits avec les basses terres. Reconnaissant l’écriture comme un instrument important du pouvoir étatique, les chefs de ces minorités ne se sont pas approprié ses usages bureaucratiques ordinaires. Préférant réserver ce médium à des fins et à des champs très spécifiques, ils ont fait de leurs écritures des instruments symboliques pour la construction d’institutions de résistance quasi étatiques.
Des rebelles armés de feuilles blanches aux déchiffreurs de pierres
Authors: Guillaume-Pey Cécile
Published: November 2018

Comment des groupes tribaux (Adivasi) de l’Inde se sont-ils approprié l’écriture, instrument de pouvoir et de savoir qui, en contexte colonial, était d’abord associé aux Britanniques et aux castes hindoues qui leur servaient d’intermédiaires ? Cet article éclaire les modalités d’appropriation de l’écrit par des leadeurs adivasi en accordant une attention particulière aux inventions de graphies. À partir des années 1930, des personnages charismatiques créent des écritures pour transcrire leurs langues, inventions présentées comme des « découvertes » de signes inscrits sur des pierres. De nos jours, ces écritures cristallisent les revendications identitaires de groupes marginalisés d’un point de vue linguistique, religieux et politique.
La forme de l’écrit
Authors: Morin Olivier , Roché Fabien
Published: November 2018

Historiens et épigraphistes observent la forme des lettres pour identifier des manuscrits ou pour comprendre la trajectoire d’un système d’écriture. On peut aussi scruter lettres et caractères pour faire émerger une histoire plus ancienne : celle du cerveau humain et de son évolution. C’est à l’intersection de ces deux histoires que s’est intéressé Olivier Morin dans un article paru l’an dernier dans la revue Cognitive Science. Fabien Roché, graphiste et bédéaste, raconte cet article pour Terrain.
Vie et mort de l’écriture
Authors: et Stephen Houston , Stauder Andréas
Published: November 2018

L’écriture maya est la dernière grande écriture à avoir été déchiffrée. Stephen Houston, avec David Stuart, Simon Martin, Mark Zender et d’autres, fut l’un des artisans de ce déchiffrement. Il en retrace l’histoire dans cet entretien et aborde des questions plus générales liées à l’étude comparée des écritures anciennes. Il évoque comment son travail sur l’écriture maya est marqué par sa sensibilité aux rythmes et configurations visuelles, par sa formation et sa pratique d’anthropologue, par son expérience de la dimension physique des inscriptions sur le terrain archéologique. Il ouvre, enfin, sur les questions plus générales, culturelles et cognitives, qui constituent un horizon futur de la recherche.
The writing of numbers
Authors: Chrisomalis Stephen
Published: November 2018

Various, sometimes complex, numerical notations are found in a large number of cultures. They allow the graphical representation of numbers. Although distinct from writing and spoken language, they coexist with these two traditions and borrow much from them. Counting marks (for example, drawing sticks) and calculating tools (such as the abacus) are other ways of handling numbers. Rethinking the writing of numbers makes it possible to better understand their origin and their evolution: this article considers it primarily as a semiotic or representational system among others, rather than as a tool in the service of arithmetic operations.
Placenta Specific 8 Suppresses IL-18 Production through Regulation of Autophagy and Is Associated with Adult Still Disease
Authors: Segawa Seiji , Kondo Yuya , Nakai Yuji , Iizuka Akira , Kaneko Shunta , Yokosawa Masahiro , Furuyama Kotona , Tsuboi Hiroto , Goto Daisuke , Matsumoto Isao , Sumida Takayuki
Published: November 2018

Adult Still disease (ASD) is a systemic disorder of unknown etiology characterized by high spiking fever, rash, and arthritis. The purpose of this study was to identify genes specifically associated with the active phase of the disease. In this study, we have reported that placenta specific 8 (PLAC8) was a newly specific gene involved in ASD. DNA microarray and validation analysis using human monocytes revealed that the expression of PLAC8 was significantly higher in active-ASD patients than in inactive-ASD patients and healthy controls. In ASD, PLAC8 expression level correlated with serum levels of CRP, ferritin, IL-1β, and IL-18. Stimulation of monocytes with LPS results in PLAC8 upregulation. LPS or nigericin stimulation of PLAC8-overexpressing human monocytic cell line (THP-1), but not mock THP-1 cells, was associated with a significant decrease in IL-1β and IL-18 production. PLAC8 overexpression in THP-1 cells was associated with enhanced autophagy and suppression of IL-1β and IL-18 production. Therefore, we found that PLAC8 was upregulated in activated monocytes, as was IL-1β and IL-18. The upregulated PLAC8 acts on the synthesis of inactive precursors of IL-1β and IL-18 and seemed to suppress the production of IL-1β and IL-18 by negative feedback through enhanced autophagy, resulting in the suppression of ASD. The results highlight the role of PLAC8 in the pathogenesis of ASD and suggest its potential suitability as an activity marker and therapeutic target in ASD.
Gasdermin D Promotes AIM2 Inflammasome Activation and Is Required for Host Protection against Francisella novicida
Authors: Zhu Qifan , Zheng Min , Balakrishnan Arjun , Karki Rajendra , Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi
Published: November 2018

The DNA sensor absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) forms an inflammasome complex with ASC and caspase-1 in response to Francisella tularensis subspecies novicida infection, leading to maturation of IL-1β and IL-18 and pyroptosis. AIM2 is critical for host protection against F. novicida infection in vivo; however, the role of pyroptosis downstream of the AIM2 inflammasome is unknown. Recent studies have identified gasdermin D (GSDMD) as the molecule executing pyroptosis by forming pores on the plasma membrane following activation by inflammatory caspase-1 and -11. In this study, we report that GSDMD-deficient mice were susceptible to F. novicida infection compared with wild type mice. Interestingly, we observed that GSDMD is required for optimal caspase-1 activation and pyroptotic cell death in F. novicida–infected bone marrow–derived macrophages. Furthermore, caspase-1 activation was compromised in bone marrow–derived macrophages lacking GSDMD stimulated with other AIM2 inflammasome triggers, including poly(dA:dT) transfection and mouse CMV infection. Overall, our study highlights a function, to our knowledge previously unknown, for GSDMD in promoting caspase-1 activation by AIM2 inflammasome.
Ultrastructural histochemistry in biomedical research: Alive and kicking
Authors: Malatesta Manuela
Published: November 2018

The high-resolution images provided by the electron microscopy has constituted a limitless source of information in any research field of life and materials science since the early Thirties of the last century. Browsing the scientific literature, electron microscopy was especially popular from the 1970’s to 80’s, whereas during the 90’s, with the advent of innovative molecular techniques, electron microscopy seemed to be downgraded to a subordinate role, as a merely descriptive technique. Ultrastructural histochemistry was crucial to promote the Renaissance of electron microscopy, when it became evident that a precise localization of molecules in the biological environment was necessary to fully understand their functional role. Nowadays, electron microscopy is still irreplaceable for ultrastructural morphology in basic and applied biomedical research, while the application of correlative light and electron microscopy and of refined ultrastructural histochemical techniques gives electron microscopy a central role in functional cell and tissue biology, as a really unique tool for high-resolution molecular biology in situ.
The role of gender in the spread of HIV and AIDS among farmworkers in South Africa
Authors: Klaas Ntombifikile E. , Thupayagale-Tshweneagae Gloria , Makua Thuledi P.
Published: November 2018

Background: Gender inequality and men’s perceived sexual and economic superiority over women are central to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The farming community in which the participants in the study live operates along such patriarchal lines, with the men making the important decisions for their families.Aim: To explore and describe the role of gender in the spread of HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among farmworkers in South Africa.Setting: The study was conducted in the Levubu farms, Vhembe district, Limpopo Province, South Africa.Methods: The researchers adopted a qualitative, explorative and descriptive research design with in-depth semi-structured interviews. Purposive and convenience sampling methods were used to select participants who met the inclusion criteria. Data collected were thematically analysed using Creswell’s data analysis method. Lincoln and Guba’s model to ensure trustworthiness and ethical standards were applied.Results: The findings of the study clearly indicated that powerlessness and lack of decision-making by female farmworkers was common as female farmworkers were dependent on their male partners to make decisions in the workplace as well as decisions regarding sexual matters in a relationship.Conclusion: The main conclusion drawn from the findings were that farmworkers are continuously exposed to exploitation and disempowerment in a variety of ways with very little support from their supervisors, which makes them vulnerable to contracting HIV.
Readdressing the ethno-religious conflicts in southern Kaduna, Nigeria in the Light of Abraham-Lot Narrative (Genesis 13:1-18)
Authors: Uroko Favour Chukwuemeka
Published: November 2018

This article examines ethno-religious conflict in southern Kaduna and its negative impacts on development in the region. Several efforts have been made by the government and organisations to stop these reoccurring conflicts, however, the conflict continues to aggravate. It is the objective of this article to look at the factors encouraging this negative phenomenon, through the Abraham-Lot narrative (Gen. 13:1-18). It is really unfortunate that the conflicts in southern Kaduna, which are mainly between Muslims and Christians, have claimed thousands of lives and rendered so many homeless. Data were drawn mainly from secondary sources of information, with the adoption of the descriptive phenomenological method of research. It was discovered that fight for political and religious superiority between Muslims and Christians is the sustaining factor. As part of recommendations, adherents of religious and ethnic groups should ensure fairness in resolving any conflict situationKeywords: Southern Kaduna, Muslims and Christians, Ethnic groups, Conflict Resolution, Conflict Mediation
The semantics of incongruous collocations in Chimamanda Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun
Authors: Aluya Isaiah , Samuel Edem
Published: November 2018

Commenting on the significance of collocation to the study of the language of literature, Spencer and Gregory (1978) assert that the creative writer often realizes some of his effects through the interplay between congruous and incongruous collocations. This assertion is true of Chimamanda Adichie’s literary crafts which display a great deal of freedom of choice in collocational patterning. This paper examines incongruous collocations in Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun, the purpose being to determine her violation of the normal restrictions in the language code in order to establish her own unique paradigms. The paper is germane to the study of language-literature interface in that it provides an avenue for readers to appreciate linguistic breaches in literary discourse.Keywords: Chimamanda Adichie, Collocation, Creativity, Incongruity, Prose fiction
Suitability of treated wastewater with respect to pH, electrical conductivity, selected cations and sodium adsorption ratio for irrigation in a semi-arid region
Authors: Kgopa Pholosho M , Mashela Phatu W , Manyevere Alen
Published: November 2018

Increasing incidents of drought spells in most Sub-Saharan African countries call for exploration of innovative alternative sources of water for irrigation. A study was conducted to investigate the cation concentrations for different disposal points of treated wastewater and for borehole water. A 4 × 5 factorial experiment included a borehole as a reference sampling site plus three other sampling sites along the wastewater disposal system over 5 months. Monthly collected water samples were analysed for pH, EC, Ca, Mg, Na and K, with sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) computed and compared with those of water from the borehole, the FAO-desired ranges and the South African (SA) quality standards for irrigation water. Except at two sampling sites during one month, pH values were within the FAO-desired range. Relative to the FAO desired ranges and SA water quality standards, most variables in treated wastewater were much lower, suggesting that the test treated wastewater was suitable for irrigation.
Review: Natural organic matter in aquatic systems – a South African perspective
Authors: Chaukura Nhamo , Ndlangamandla Nqobile G , Moyo Welldone , Msagati Titus AM , Mamba Bhekie B , Nkambule Thabo TI
Published: November 2018

Natural organic matter (NOM) is a complex heterogeneous mixture of humic (HS) and non-humic substances which are widespread in the aquatic environment. Other constituents are amino acids, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons containing oxygen, nitrogen and hydroxyl groups. It is the combination and proportions of these motifs which give NOM its overall polarity and reactivity. Its main origins include soils, residues of fauna and flora, microbial excrements and anthropogenic faecal loads, agriculture activities and urban landscapes. Due to the different origins of the precursor material and the extent of transformation it undergoes, the composition of NOM in different water bodies varies. Characterization methods for NOM can be divided into three broad categories namely: (i) direct measuring methods, which measure the amount of organic matter in the sample; (ii) spectrometric methods, which measure the amount of radiation absorbed and or released by chromophores; and (iii) fractionation methods, which separate NOM according to size and polarity. South Africa has 6 distinct water quality regions, and each region has a unique NOM character and quantity. Existing water treatment plants do not remove NOM to levels low enough to inhibit the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). Currently, research is focusing more on the use of alternative techniques for NOM removal; these include advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), nanomaterials, and ceramic membranes. While NOM is well studied in other parts of the world, to the best of our knowledge, there is no state-of-the-art investigation of the occurrence and removal of NOM in South African source waters. This review aims at (i) synthesizing literature on the nature, occurrence and ecological impact of NOM, (ii) evaluating the removal of NOM in the six different water quality regions of South Africa, and (iii) suggesting novel approaches that can be used to remove NOM in South Africa.
Monitoring water use efficiency of irrigated sugarcane production in Mpumalanga, South Africa, using SEBAL
Authors: Singels A , Jarmain C , Bastidas-Obando E , Olivier FC , Paraskevopoulos AL
Published: November 2018

The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy, spatial variation and potential value of remote sensing (RS) estimates of evapotranspiration (ET) and biomass production for irrigated sugarcane in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Weekly ET and biomass production were estimated from RS data from 2011 to 2013 using the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL). Ground estimates of canopy interception of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) and aerial biomass were compared to RS estimates. ET was estimated with a surface renewal (SR) system in one field. Evaporation coefficient (Kc) values were calculated from ET and reference grass evaporation. Remote sensing FPAR and biomass estimates compared well with field measurements (R2 = 0.89 and 0.78). SEBAL ET estimates exceeded SR estimates by 5 mm/week, while full canopy Kc values for SEBAL compared better with literature values than with SR Kc values. SEBAL estimates of ET and biomass were regarded as reliable. Considerable spatial variation was observed in seasonal RS ET (1 034 ± 223 mm), biomass (45 ± 17 t/ha) and biomass water use efficiency (WUEBIO, defined as dry biomass produced per unit of ET) (4.1 ± 1.0 kg/m3). About 32% of sugarcane fields had values below economic thresholds, indicating an opportunity to increase productivity. Actual yields correlated well with WUEBIO values, suggesting that this may be used for monitoring crop performance and identifying areas that require remedial treatment.
Theoretical solution for analysis and design of hydraulic jump on corrugated bed
Authors: Mohammadzadeh-Habili Jahanshir , Honar Tooraj
Published: November 2018

A hydraulic jump mainly serves as an energy dissipator downstream of hydraulic structures. For analysis and design of a hydraulic jump on a corrugated bed, the specific energy curve was used: the maximum possible amount of energy dissipation of the hydraulic jump, the minimum possible value of sequent depth for the hydraulic jump, and efficiency of energy dissipation of a smooth hydraulic jump are theoretically related to the inflow Froude number. A wide range of existing experimental data from hydraulic jumps on smooth and corrugated beds was also used. Results of this study indicate that the energy dissipation of a hydraulic jump on a corrugated bed is mainly influenced by horizontal distance from the sluice gate section to the start point of the corrugated bed. To reach the maximum value of energy dissipation (i.e., minimum value of subcritical sequent depth) and the minimum value of jump length, the corrugated bed should start from the gate opening.
Explaining variation in the economic value of irrigation water using psychological capital: a case study from Ndumo B and Makhathini, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Phakathi S , Wale E
Published: November 2018

This study investigates the economic value of irrigation water using data collected from 200 smallholder producers in Makhathini and Ndumo areas, KwaZulu-Natal.The study accounts for psychological capital (individual mind-set and attitude affecting motivation to take initiatives) as an important aspect of farm management. This concept focuses more on the ‘soft’ aspects of farm management, which have not been adequately studied in the context of smallholder farming. A sustainable livelihoods framework is employed as a conceptual framework and the role of psychological capital is integrated to explain the variation in water values. The study employs the residual valuation method to estimate water values, principal component analysis to generate an index for psychological capital, and the general linear model to explain variation in water values. The findings suggest that variation in water values was mainly influenced by the location of the farmer, farmer type, physical capital, social capital, land size, farming experience, crop type and psychological capital. The results reinforce the importance of institutional arrangements and collective bargaining as an important element of managing a smallholder farm to increase the economic value of water. To build and develop positive psychological capital for smallholders, it is recommended that government should re-visit the usual model of ‘hand-outs’ (input, finance). It is time to re-consider direct farmer support that entails being heavily involved in their day-to-day activities (i.e., purchasing inputs and running the irrigation schemes on their behalf). Going forward, the focus should rather be on enabling them to change their behaviour to be self-reliant and own their own destiny through on-farm and off-farm economic activities. Moreover, government and other development partners have to understand the long-term behavioural impact (on farmers) of what they do, for instance, entrenching expectations.
Geochemical scaling potential simulations of natural organic matter complexation with metal ions in cooling water at Eskom power generation plants in South Africa
Authors: Bosire GO , Ngila JC , Nkambule Thabo TI
Published: November 2018

The modified database in the pH, redox equilibrium calculations code (PHREEQC) with a Tipping and Hurley database (T_H.DAT) coupled with the Windermere’s humic acid model (WHAM) was used to simulate scale formation potential in cooling water circuitry, at Eskom power generating stations in South Africa. This study reports a semi-empirical simulative approach in which organic matter fractions, metals and anions in raw and cooling water were used as modelling experimental inputs. By using the saturation index profiles of Ca2+/ Mg2+ with fulvic acid in a modified Tipping and Hurley (T_H.DAT) database, fulvate complex species such as CaFulvate, MgFulvate, and geochemical modelling predictions, mineral phases that potentially precipitate are discussed. Speciation calculations showed that the increase in fulvic acid levels decreased saturation indices of scaling metal phases due to reduced levels of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the water. Furthermore, if the concentrations of fulvic acid are known, semi-empirical calculations using the geochemical PHREEQC code with a modified T_H.DAT arepossible. Consequently, mineral phase equilibria outputs may give an indication of how the pH and temperature is to be manipulated to optimally predict and control the incidence of scaling.
Impact of invasive alien plants on water provision in selected catchments
Authors: Preston IR , Le Maitre DC , Blignaut JN , Louw L , Palmer CG
Published: November 2018

We analyse the impact of failing to control invasive alien plants (IAPs) on the water supply to the Berg River and De Hoop Dams, in other words, the opportunity cost of not clearing IAPs in these two catchments. To do this we used models to assess and compare the impact of current and future invasions on inflows into the dams. Although the clearing of current invasions would only provide a modest increase in the amount of water compared to, for example, the construction of another dam, failure to clear the invasion will have a negative impact on water security in the long term. We estimated that the Berg River Dam could lose up to 51% of its mean annual inflows to IAPs over a 45-year period, and the De Hoop Dam catchment could lose up to 44%. These impacts would continue to increase over time, and the costs of control could become very high as the plants invade rugged terrain. Major infrastructural development requires Ministerial approval, supported by advice from senior officials. We suggest that such advice should substantively take sufficient account of the benefits of clearing existing invasions, or at least of preventing further invasions. Our results suggest that serious consequences arise from insufficient investment in catchment management. An integrated approach to the management of the supply of and demand for water, that ensures long-term sustainability, is essential in informed decision-making and the early control of IAPs is a key component of that approach.
The Pongola Floodplain, South Africa – Part 1: Two-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling in support of an environmental flows assessment
Authors: Birkhead AL , Brown CA , Joubert AR , Singh A , Tlou T
Published: November 2018

The Pongola Floodplain in the Makhathini Flats is an area of low topographic relief between the 1973-commissioned Jozini Dam, and the Usuthu River which borders Mozambique. The floodplain system is characterised by a complex mosaic of meandering river channels, levees, and floodplains interspersed with pans (or depressions) and wetlands. The landmark 1982 study of the floodplain, Man and the Pongolo Floodplain, suggested a pattern of flows to ‘maintain the floodplain’ based on socio-ecological criteria. Since 1998, however, annual releases have been primarily targeted at the needs of recession agriculture and inundation of the floodplain in the Ndumu Reserve. No releases have been specifcally aimed at maintaining the floodplain ecosystem and the services it delivers to support the livelihoods of local communities. In 2013, the Department of Water and Sanitation commissioned an Ecological Reserve study of the Usuthu/Mhlatuze Water Management Area, which incorporates the Pongola Floodplain. This paper describes two-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling using RMA2 to inform this flow assessment. Four computational Pongola Floodplain models have been developed since 1979, including cell-based, one- and two-dimensional approaches. The RMA2 model is based on existing topographical, hydrological and hydraulic information, and was calibrated and verifed for the period 2008 to 2010 using water-level data from the local hydrometric monitoring network. Generally, good replications have been achieved in terms of peaks, rising and recession limbs, recession of ponded pan water-levels, and low-flow river stages. The RMA2 modelling represents an advancement of previous hydrodynamic studies of the floodplain and contributes to an improved understanding of its hydraulic behaviour. Model application was for the 15-year period 1990 to 2004, and simulations included naturalised, present management (2014), and 7 potential dam operational scenarios. The results were post-processed for analyses in the DRIFT DSS, described in the companion paper.
Combining tracer studies and biomimetic design principles to investigate clogging in constructed wetlands
Authors: Bonner Ricky , Aylward Lara , Kappelmeyer Uwe , Sheridan Craig
Published: November 2018

In this study, we suggest a clogging maintenance strategy and design alteration for constructed wetlands. Such a system could benefit rural communities who rely solely on constructed wetland systems for provision of household and agricultural water and for whom regular system shut-down for maintenance is essentially not viable. A newly established, pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland was investigated by means of step-change tracer experiments. Sampling was carried out at multiple points down the length of the wetland and at three depths for each location. The mean residence time datawere used to generate velocity profiles. This methodology enabled the development of a three-dimensional hydraulic model to identify dead zones and regions of short-circuiting within the system. Biomimetic principles were then incorporated to propose improvements to conventional constructed wetland design, which would potentially allow for better clogging management and continuous operation. In particular, modularizing the regions of the wetland most prone to clogging (those containing dead space) would accommodate isolation, removal and replacement of such sections, while still allowing treatment of wastewater in adjacent sections.
A construção da identidade da mulher no espaço público: um processo relacionado ao poder
Authors: Diehl Bianca Tams
Published: November 2018

A presente pesquisa tem como escopo analisar a construção da identidade da mulher nos âmbitos público e privado. Ao longo dos anos, as mulheres foram sendo discriminadas, tendo como responsabilidades cuidar da família e do lar, sem poder se inserir no mercado de trabalho ou no espaço público. Contudo, em sociedades remotas, vivia-se em um sistema de parceria, o que significa que as diferenças entre as mulheres e os homens não eram consideradas desigualdades. Com o decorrer dos anos, através de uma construção social, as mulheres foramperdendo espaço e obrigadas a permanecer no âmbito privado, sendo submissas às vontades masculinas, cumprindo com os estereótipos estabelecidos. Por consequência, os homens tornaram-se dominadores, inseriram-se no âmbito público e assim permaneceram por um longo período, até o momento em que as mulheres perceberam que a situação na qual viviam era de extrema desigualdade. Por conseguinte, algumas mulheres se uniram e deram início aos movimentos feministas, a fim de buscar o reconhecimento de seus direitos e erradicar a desigualdade existente entre os sexos.
A importância do líder no ambiente organizacional e a influência das competências coletivas na gestão de pessoas
Authors: Almeida Siderly Do Carmo Dahle de , Dias José Francisco de Assis , Rocha Willian Fernando Porto da
Published: November 2018

O líder é uma peça fundamental no ambiente organizacional para guiar os indivíduos e estimular as suas competências. Quando as competências individuais são determinadas o gestor utiliza a união dessas competências em prol de um bem comum, nascendo então, as competências coletivas que são uma grande influência na gestão de pessoas. A partir desta perspectiva, foram levantados dados com pesquisas significativas em um estado da arte advindas de diversas fontes bibliográficas: tais como livros, artigos, resenhas e revistas científicas. Salienta-se que tais fontes foram publicadas tanto de forma impressa quanto por meio da Rede de Computadores Internet. Este artigo é de natureza tanto exploratória quanto descritiva. Sendo que os dados coletados em livros foram avaliados de forma qualitativa, haja vista que se buscou apenas discutir as ideias e não quantificá-las. Os resultados levam a inferir que quando a organização se torna unida e com uma perspectiva em conjunto, o processo de desenvolvimento do trabalho torna-se ágil, eficiente, eficaz e menos desgastante tanto para o indivíduo quanto para a organização, obtendo resultados visivelmente positivos em todas as áreas.
Relationships between the planetary boundary layer height and surface pollutants derived from lidar observations over China: regional pattern and influencing factors
Authors: Su Tianning , Li Zhanqing , Kahn Ralph
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The frequent occurrence of severe air pollution episodes
in China has been a great concern and thus the focus of intensive studies.
Planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) is a key factor in the vertical
mixing and dilution of near-surface pollutants. However, the relationship
between PBLH and surface pollutants, especially particulate matter (PM)
concentration across China, is not yet well understood. We investigate this
issue at ∼1600 surface stations using PBLH derived from
space-borne and ground-based lidar, and discuss the influence of topography
and meteorological variables on the PBLH–PM relationship. Albeit the PBLH–PM
correlations are roughly negative for most cases, their magnitude,
significance, and even sign vary considerably with location, season, and
meteorological conditions. Weak or even uncorrelated PBLH–PM relationships
are found over clean regions (e.g., Pearl River Delta), whereas nonlinearly
negative responses of PM to PBLH evolution are found over polluted regions
(e.g., North China Plain). Relatively strong PBLH–PM interactions are found
when the PBLH is shallow and PM concentration is high, which typically
corresponds to wintertime cases. Correlations are much weaker over the
highlands than the plains regions, which may be associated with lighter
pollution loading at higher elevations and contributions from mountain
breezes. The influence of horizontal transport on surface PM is considered
as well, manifested as a negative correlation between surface PM and wind
speed over the whole nation. Strong wind with clean upwind air plays a
dominant role in removing pollutants, and leads to obscure PBLH–PM
relationships. A ventilation rate is used to jointly consider horizontal and
vertical dispersion, which has the largest impact on surface pollutant
accumulation over the North China Plain. As such, this study contributes to
improved understanding of aerosol–planetary boundary layer (PBL) interactions and thus our ability
to forecast surface air pollution.
Balloon-borne measurements of temperature, water vapor, ozone and aerosol backscatter on the southern slopes of the Himalayas during StratoClim 2016–2017
Authors: Brunamonti Simone , Jorge Teresa , Oelsner Peter , Hanumanthu Sreeharsha , Singh Bhupendra B. , Kumar K. Ravi , Sonbawne Sunil , Meier Susanne , Singh Deepak , Wienhold Frank G. , Luo Bei Ping , Boettcher Maxi , Poltera Yann , Jauhiainen Hannu , Kayastha Rijan , Karmacharya Jagadishwor , Dirksen Ruud , Naja Manish , Rex Markus , Fadnavis Suvarna , Peter Thomas
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The Asian summer monsoon anticyclone (ASMA) is a major
meteorological system of the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS)
during boreal summer. It is known to contain enhanced tropospheric trace
gases and aerosols, due to rapid lifting from the boundary layer by deep
convection and subsequent horizontal confinement. Given its dynamical
structure, the ASMA represents an efficient pathway for the transport of
pollutants to the global stratosphere. A detailed understanding of the thermal
structure and processes in the ASMA requires accurate in situ measurements.
Within the StratoClim project we performed state-of-the-art balloon-borne
measurements of temperature, water vapor, ozone and aerosol backscatter from
two stations on the southern slopes of the Himalayas. In total, 63 balloon
soundings were conducted during two extensive monsoon-season campaigns, in
August 2016 in Nainital, India (29.4∘ N, 79.5∘ E), and in
July–August 2017 in Dhulikhel, Nepal (27.6∘ N, 85.5∘ E);
one shorter post-monsoon campaign was also carried out in November 2016 in Nainital. These
measurements provide unprecedented insights into the UTLS thermal structure,
the vertical distributions of water vapor, ozone and aerosols, cirrus cloud
properties and interannual variability in the ASMA. Here we provide an overview
of all of the data collected during the three campaign periods, with focus on
the UTLS region and the monsoon season. We analyze the vertical structure of
the ASMA in terms of significant levels and layers, identified from the
temperature and potential temperature lapse rates and Lagrangian backward
trajectories, which provides a framework for relating the measurements to local
thermodynamic properties and the large-scale anticyclonic flow. Both the
monsoon-season campaigns show evidence of deep convection and confinement
extending up to 1.5–2 km above the cold-point tropopause (CPT), yielding a
body of air with high water vapor and low ozone which is prone to being lifted
further and mixed into the free stratosphere. Enhanced aerosol backscatter
also reveals the signature of the Asian tropopause aerosol layer (ATAL) over
the same region of altitudes. The Dhulikhel 2017 campaign was characterized
by a 5 K colder CPT on average than in Nainital 2016 and a local water
vapor maximum in the confined lower stratosphere, about 1 km above the CPT.
Data assessment and modeling studies are currently ongoing with the aim of
fully exploring this dataset and its implications with respect to stratospheric
moistening via the ASMA system and related processes.