bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of urine protein creatinine ratio and 24 hours urine protein in detecting preeclampsia
Authors: Sedhain Nesuma , Gautam Jageshwor , Baral Gehanath
Published: May 2020

Aim: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of spot urine protein-creatinine ratio for detection of proteinuria in Preeclampsia.
Methods: Cross Sectional Descriptive Study was conducted in a total of 38 pregnant women in Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital in study period of 3 month. The correlation between protein- creatinine ratio in spot urine samples and urinary protein excretion in 24-hour collections were analyzed.
Results: Comparison of 24 hours urinary protein and protein- creatinine ratio in women with preeclampsia shows a significant correlation (r=0.911, p<0.0001). The cut-off protein-creatinine ratios which gave maximum area under the curve for 300mg protein for 24hrs was 0.27 (sensitivity: 94.6%, specificity: 100%, PPV: 100%, NPV: 33.3%); 2000 mg urine protein excretion was 2.1 (sensitivity and specificity of 100%); 3000mg protein excreted for 24hours was 3.0 (sensitivity: 83.3%,
specificity: 92.3%, PPV: 83.3%, NPV: 93.3%. Area under the ROC for 24hours urine total protein of >300mg, >2000mg and >3000mg/day were 0.946 (95%CI 0.873-1.019), 1 (95% CI 1.00-1.00) and 0.957 (95%CI 0.897- 1.016) respectively.
Conclusions: Spot urine protein-creatinine ratio is as accurate as to 24 hours urine protein determination of proteinuria in Preeclampsia.
One step oral glucose challenge test as screening and diagnostic test for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yadav Manisha , Baral Gehanath
Published: May 2020

Aim: The Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI, 2010) guidelines recommend the non-fasting 75-g oral glucose challenge test (OGCT) as a single-step screening and diagnostic test for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this study was to assess the validity of DIPSI criteria by comparing with the World Health Organization (WHO) 1999 criteria of diagnosing GDM.
Methods: This study was a hospital based prospective comparative study conducted among 282 pregnant women, of gestational age of 24-28 weeks attending antenatal OPD of Patan hospital. The OGCT was performed on them irrespective of fasting state and without any dietary preparation and they were again asked to come after 3 days of unrestricted carbohydrate diet in fasting state for WHO 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with 75 gram of glucose load. The value of OGCT >140 mg/dl is diagnostic of GDM (DIPSI 2010). For the reliability of this test, it was compared with WHO 2-hour OGTT.
Results: Among the study population, the mean age and BMI was 26.04±4.50 and 24.08±3.30 respectively. Out of 282 patients, 8 cases (2.83%) were found to have abnormal non-fasting 75-g OGCT and 4 cases (1.41%) had abnormal WHO 2-hour OGTT. Paired t test was employed to examine the difference of blood glucose level of the tests. There was statistically significant difference (p<0.001) between the tests. The Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of oral glucose challenge test was 25%, 97.48%, 12.5% and 98.90% respectively. The non- fasting 75-g OGCT was able to detect only 25% of the cases.
Conclusions: Though the non-fasting 75-g OGCT test is cost effective and more compliant to pregnant women, the present report suggests that it cannot be used as a single step screening and diagnostic test because of its low sensitivity. However, it is an adequate alternative for screening test in resources limited areas.
Prevalence and Outcome of Induction of Labor in a Tertiary Care Center of Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Dhan Bahadur , Malla Rosy , Manandhar Reeta , Khatri Ratna , Shrestha Cimona , Khatiwada Roshan , Silwal Pratik , Bidari Sahadev , Maharjan Magina , Jasaraj Ranjit Babu , Karki Bhesh Raj
Published: May 2020

Aim: To study the prevalence of induction of labor and obstetric and neonatal outcome among delivery cases in the maternity unit of a tertiary care center.
Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted on pregnant ladies presenting to maternity unit of Shree Birendra Hospital, Chhauni over a period of six months from March to August 2017. All pregnant ladies in labor during the study period were enrolled. Induction of labor, mode of delivery, perinatal outcome (gestational age at delivery, birth weight), and maternal complications if any were recorded.
Results: Among 497 deliveries in the study period, induction of labor was performed in 117 (23.5%) cases with post-date pregnancy being the most common indication. Induction was successful with vaginal deliveries in 82(70.1%) cases, while in the rest, IOL failed. Among the induced cases, 17 (14.5%) neonates had poor APGAR at 5 minutes and there was significant association of IOL with low APGAR. There was normal post-natal recovery in 108 (92.3%) induced cases while 9 (7.7%) cases developed some maternal complications. IOL has no significant association with maternal and neonatal complications or perineal injury (p>0.05).
Conclusions: The prevalence of induction in this center is slightly higher than other centers. The IOL has significant association with low APGAR at 5 minutes but no significant association with the neonatal and maternal complications.
Clear cell carcinoma of cervix in post-menopausal female
Authors: Shrestha Shreena , Dangal Ganesh , Bhattachan Kabin
Published: May 2020

Clear cell carcinoma of cervix is a rare neoplasm accounting for round 4% of all adenocarcinomas. It is usually seen in patients with a history of intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol. We are reporting a case of clear cell carcinoma of cervix in a 50 years old P1L1 postmenopausal woman, with no history of exposure to diethylstilbestrol in-utero or synthetic non-steroidal estrogen, and who was managed with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by modified radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy.
Ectopic pregnancy in the fallopian tube of the rudimentary horn of uterus unicornis
Authors: Abdus-salam Rukiyat Adeola , Adeoti Rasheedat O
Published: May 2020

Ectopic gestation may occur in the fallopian tubes, cervix, ovary or the abdominal cavity. It results from abnormal implantation of the embryo at sites other than the endometrial cavity of the uterus. Congenital anomalies of the fallopian tubes and uterus may predispose to abnormal implantation of the embryo at other sites hence an ectopic gestation results. We describe a rare case of a 30 year old woman with ruptured ectopic gestation located in the fallopian tube of the rudimentary horn of a uterus unicornis. She was evaluated, resuscitated and had a successful surgical intervention.
Development and Validation of a Novel Measure for the Direct Assessment of Empathy in Veterinary Students
Authors: Stackhouse Nancy , Chamberlain Jared , Bouwer Annette , Mexas Angela M.
Published: May 2020

Empathy is a requisite clinical skill for health professionals and empathy scores have been positively associated with professionalism, clinical competency, confidence, well-being, and emotional intelligence. In order to improve empathy in the veterinary field, it is critical to measure the construct of empathy accurately. Most research has relied on self-reporting measures to assess empathy, while some studies have recently implemented the use of simulated client encounters in veterinary education. Building on this research, the aim of the current study was to develop and validate a novel quantitative assessment tool—the Empathy Clinical Evaluation Exercise (ECEX)—designed to measure empathy based on directly observable behaviors, using simulated clients. To evaluate empathy, evaluators used the ECEX to assess the performance of student clinicians in a simulated client encounter, which contained a pre-determined number of opportunities designed to elicit empathic responses from student clinicians. Statistical analysis suggests the test has a high degree of inter-rater reliability. In addition, there was moderate correlation between average empathy scores using ECEX and previously validated measures of empathy, compassion satisfaction, and burnout. Using these methods, we found the majority of students we studied had increased empathy scores at the completion of their primary care rotations. These results provide preliminary support for the use of the ECEX as a direct and quantitative tool for the assessment of empathy. Health professionals could use this novel empathy assessment tool to teach students, evaluate teaching strategies, and improve communication competencies in a wide variety of clinical settings. Our broad aim was to examine the utility of a direct and quantitative assessment tool for measuring empathy—the ECEX—in order to answer the following questions: (1) Does the tool have good inter-rater reliability? (2) Does the tool correlate with previously validated empathy measures? and (3) Does the tool correlate with similar constructs of compassion fatigue and burnout? Our secondary aim was to evaluate the change in empathy scores over the course of a 4-month (16-week) primary care rotation (pre- to -post).
Use of Inductive, Problem-Based Clinical Reasoning Enhances Diagnostic Accuracy in Final-Year Veterinary Students
Authors: Neill Charles , Vinten Claire , Maddison Jill
Published: May 2020

Despite tremendous progression in the medical field, levels of diagnostic error remain unacceptably high. Cognitive failures in clinical reasoning are believed to be the major contributor to diagnostic error. There is evidence in the literature that teaching problem-based, inductive reasoning has the potential to improve clinical reasoning skills. In this study, 47 final-year veterinary medicine students at the Royal Veterinary College (RVC) were presented with a complex small animal medicine case. The participants were divided into two groups, one of which received a prioritized problem list in addition to the history, physical exam, and diagnostic test results provided to both groups. The students’ written approaches to the case were then analyzed and assigned a diagnostic accuracy score (DAS) and an inductive reasoning score (IRS). The IRS was based on a series of predetermined characteristics consistent with the inductive reasoning framework taught at the RVC. No significant difference was found between the DAS scores of each group, indicating that the provision of a prioritized problem list did not impact diagnostic accuracy. However, a significant positive correlation between the IRS and DAS was illustrated for both groups of students, suggesting increased use of inductive reasoning is associated with increased diagnostic accuracy. These results contribute to a body of research proposing that inductive, problem-based reasoning teaching delivered in an additive model, can enhance the clinical reasoning skills of students and reduce diagnostic error.
Experience of Practicing Veterinarians with Supervising Final-Year Students and New Graduates in Performing Desexing Surgeries
Authors: Gates M. Carolyn , Littlewood Katherine E. , Kongara Kavitha , Odom Thomas F. , Sawicki Robert K.
Published: May 2020

With increasing pressure on university teaching hospital caseloads, veterinary students are increasingly being taught basic desexing skills during their final-year extramural rotations or as new graduates in practice. A cross-sectional survey of New Zealand veterinarians was conducted to elicit information about their experiences supervising these cohorts. Of the 162 respondents who had supervised at least one final-year veterinary student, only 95 (58.6%) allowed students to perform desexing surgeries and the most common procedures they allowed students to perform were cat neuters (96%) followed by cat spays (64%), dog neuters (63%), and dog spays (24%). The time needed to supervise students, the liability of students operating on client-owned animals, and students’ poor basic instrument, tissue, and suture handling skills were cited as major deterrents. Breaks in sterility and dropped pedicles were the most frequently reported complications, although these still occurred only occasionally or rarely. Of the 101 respondents who had supervised at least one new graduate, all but one provided surgical mentoring. It took an average of 3.3 dog neuters, 8 dog spays, 2.4 cat neuters, and 4.7 cat spays before respondents were comfortable letting new graduates perform surgery unassisted. Respondents generally expected new graduates to perform dog spays in under 60 minutes, cats spays and dog neuters in under 30 minutes, and cat neuters in under 10 minutes. Although most respondents agreed that students needed more hands-on experience with live animal surgery, the main clinical skills deficiencies identified were ones that could easily be trained and practiced on simulated models.
Pilot Study of Small Animal Rotating Intern Telephone Communication Training Using Simulated Referring Veterinarians
Authors: Tayce Jordan D. , Coe Jason B. , Creevy Kate E.
Published: May 2020

Proficiency in client communications is now widely accepted as a significant requirement of veterinary student education, with numerous training systems in use and documentation of outcomes required for academic accreditation. Little information is available concerning communication training for veterinary house officers (interns and residents), despite the large number of new graduates who enter such programs seeking further training and mentorship. The majority of student communication training focuses on face-to-face interactions with clients and development of core communication skills. By contrast, veterinary house officers in specialty hospitals frequently communicate about cases with practitioner colleagues by telephone, to assess emergent and urgent referrals and follow up on shared cases. Successful telephone communication with these colleagues is a valuable skill to cultivate in novice interns. In this pilot study, self-reported veterinary intern confidence with communication skills improved after a telephone-based simulated referring veterinarian (RDVM) communications training experience. The use of simulated RDVMs, and telephone-based training, shows promise for incorporation into future training experiences of veterinarians at this level.
Nonparticipant Student Observation of Faculty Classroom Teaching
Authors: Hofmeister Erik H.
Published: May 2020

Student evaluations are commonly used to evaluate teaching effectiveness. Nonparticipant observation uses individuals who are not a part of the learning process but rather are observers who can formulate observations about the teaching encounter, possibly with less bias than student evaluators. The purpose of this article is to analyze reports by inexperienced nonparticipant observers of faculty classroom teaching episodes. The hypothesis was that veterinary faculty have common characteristics in their classroom teaching that are observable by nonparticipant observers and that these are similar to characteristics observed historically by student evaluators. This study is a qualitative document analysis of written observations made by senior veterinary students attending pre-clinical classroom lectures by a faculty member. Each written report was analyzed using thematic concept analysis, and the researchers met multiple times throughout the process to discuss the analysis and develop conclusions about themes that were encountered consistently among observations. Common emergent themes included information formats, PowerPoint presentations, timing, organization, student engagement, and delivery. Nonparticipant observers may contribute valuable data that may enhance faculty development in pedagogy. Observations may serve to augment data from student evaluations, self-reflection, and peer assessment.
Drug Calculations in Veterinary Medical Education—Where Are We?
Authors: Conner Bobbi
Published: May 2020

Veterinary studies tracking medical errors and their underlying causes are lacking. In human health care, the importance of drug calculation errors in patient safety is well documented. As much as 25% of all medical errors in people are reportedly drug errors, and as much as 14% of those can be attributed to poor drug calculation skills among doctors and nurses. Assessment of the math and analytical skills needed to perform drug calculations accurately is not standardized in veterinary medical education, and there is potential for significant deficit. The purposes of this “Challenges and Issues” article are to briefly discuss the potential impact of poor drug calculation skills on veterinary patients; share one instructor’s experience incorporating drug calculations into a veterinary curriculum; and promote further discussion and research that might yield more insight into the assessment and delivery of drug calculation education in veterinary medicine.
Rare β-Globin Gene Mutations including a de novo Mutation of Hemoglobin Hammersmith in Southern Thailand
Authors: Srewaradachpisal Korntip , Tepakhan Wanicha , Kanjanaopas Sataron , Nopparatana Chawadee , Wongchanchailert Malai , Nopparatana Chamnong
Published: May 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize unknown β-globin gene mutations in individuals who attended Songklanagarind Hospital for thalassemia screening and genetic counseling.Material and Methods: β-thalassemia mutations in individuals with hemoglobin (Hb) A2 levels >3.5% originating from various provinces in southern Thailand were characterized by reverse dot blot hybridization (RDB) and multiplex gappolymerase chain reaction using a panel of 30 allele-specific probes for point mutations and 6 sets of specific primers for large deletions. Mutations which could not be identified by these two methods were further analyzed by direct deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing.Results: Nineteen subjects found to have uncharacterized β-globin gene mutations were analyzed by direct DNA sequencing. Nine different rare mutations were identified, four of which have not been to date described in Thailand: -30 (T>C), codon 5 (-CT), Hb Monroe (codon 30, G>C) and Hb Hammersmith (codon 42, T>C). An Hb Hammersmith mutation detected in one subject appeared to be a spontaneous mutation, unrelated to family history. The other five mutations have been reported previously within Thailand, but here they were identified in the southern part of Thailand for the first time: -31 (A>G), codon 15 (-T), codon 35 (C>A), codon 95 (+A) and Hb Dhonburi (codon 126, T>G). The presence of the mutations was confirmed by RDB.Conclusion: In addition to the already reported β-globin gene mutations, 9 other different types of mutations were identified. This information should be useful for planning genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis programs for prevention and control of thalassemia diseases.
Innovation and performance in brazilian football clubs
Authors: Almendra Rafael , Silva Daniel , Silva Tiago , Russo Suzana , França Allan Kout , Silva-Mann Renata
Published: May 2020

The purpose this study is to evaluate the influence of innovation on the performance of Brazilian soccer clubs, aiming to deepen the interrelationship between the themes and provide answers and possibilities for more effective decisions by managers. With data from the years 2015 to 2017, a sample of 26 clubs soccer clubs participating in Series A of the Brazilian Football Championship used. Brands registration and the representation of intangible assets serve as proxies for innovation. Club performance measured by revenue logarithm (financial performance), return on equity (economic performance) and CBF ranking (sports performance). In order to meet the general objective of the research, linear regression applied. Considering the study variables registration of brands and representativeness of intangible assets as proxies for measuring innovation, it was inferred that there is significant and positive influence of innovation on financial and sports performance, this is, innovation contributes to the increase of  performances. Thus, it inferred that innovation is a potential source of competitive advantage as it results in increased performance.
Party Halls in African Town: Case of Economic Capital of Burundi, Bujumbura.
Authors: Viateur HABARUGIRA , Jean  De Dieu NKURUNZIZA , Anaclet CONGERA
Published: May 2020

This paper proposes a classification of some halls very modern in Bujumbura economic capital of Burundi. A survey whose target population is the set of individuals regularly participating in the various festivals in Bujumbura, the economic capital of Burundi was put into action. An analysis of the data and interpretation of the results is made. These results conclude that there is a visible lack of well-developed halls on international measures in Bujumbura.
Internet of Things-Aided Smart Home Off-Grid Photovoltaic-Powered
Authors: Nascimento Layse , Machado Joice , Rodrigues Caio , Ribeiro Rhuan , Marques Glauber , Morais Emerson , Couto Walmir , Campos Pedro , Chase Otavio , Almeida J. Felipe
Published: May 2020

Nowadays, smart devices which can be controlled remotely by the Internet appear in the preference setting rather than the manual control to improve the standard of living. In this paper, a domotic system integrated into PV power generation has been developed on the Internet of Things (IoT). The system uses sensors for fire detection and monitoring of the temperature and relative air humidity. Based on real-time, the home automation off-grid system is developed so that makes the system cost-effective and portable.
Self-perception of body image in college students of a nutrition course
Authors: Celenia Raquel Monteiro de Aguiar  , Carlos Alberto Alves Dias Filho  , Andressa Coelho Ferreira  , Kassandra Pereira Belfort Ilka , Sally Cristina Moutinho Monteiro
Published: May 2020

Objective: To evaluate the body image of university students in the course of nutrition. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 181 students of both genders from the Nutrition Undergraduate of Maranhão, Brazil. The presence and degree of dissatisfaction with body shape were evaluated by Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ 34), another instrument used in this study was Body Figure Silhouettes (BFS). Results: The participants presented mean age of 23.1 (±5.2) years, majority women (89.5%). Most of the subjects were eutrophic (66.9%) according to BMI, and no image perception disorder according to BSQ34. According to the BSF, 56 students had the silhouette represented by figure 4, however, the figure most desired by 111 students was demonstrated by silhouette 3, (p-value 0.000). Demonstrating the desire for weight loss of the majority, despite being represented by a silhouette eutrophic. Conclusion: Most (66.9%) eutrophic, according to BMI and without image disturbances (54.7%) according to BSQ 34. However, there is a trend of overweight and obese individuals presenting with image disorders.
A comparison of the Normal and Laplace distributions in the models of fuzzy probability distribution for portfolio selection
Authors: Pinto da Costa da Rocha Marcus , Lima Lucelia M. , Farias Valcir J. C. , Bedregal Benjamin , Tavares Heliton R.
Published: May 2020

The propose of this work is applied the fuzzy Laplace distribution on a possibilistic mean-variance model presented by Li et al which appliehe fuzzy normal distribution. The theorem necessary to introduce the Laplace distribution in the model was demonstrated. It was made an analysis of the behavior of the fuzzy normal and fuzzy Laplace distributions on the portfolio selection with VaR constraint and risk-free investment considering real data. The results showns that were not difference in assets selection and in return rate, however, There was a change in the risk rate, which was higher in the Laplace distribution than in the normal distribution.
Academic Management and Contemporary Gaps
Authors: Cox Kenia Kodel , De-Bortoli Robélius
Published: May 2020

It is challenge to contemporary academic management to fullfil the demands of the labor market, and to have improvements with the this, considering the scientific development; through the analysis of intangibles like student performance, which can generate positive results with repercussion on institutional reputation. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, 2018) the adequate professional qualification results in employment for qualified individuals; while activities more prone to automation are observed, and greater chance of unemployment for those with low qualification. In this research there was the reading of 447 abstracts of publications, obtained by refinements applied on 4,491 initial registers, and selected 20 considering the performance of the students as a parameter of the university administration, with the objective of identifying gaps of academic management, resulting: to contemplate student learning as a dependent variable, and to extend to the documents the origin of the research data.
Generativity and the contribution of services among older adults in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Li-Hui
Published: May 2020

This study aims to analysis the relationship between generativity and contribution services. Erikson (1997) pointed out in his Psychosocial Developmental Theory that if an individual was lack of active participation while progressing from stage 7 to stage 8, the individual will tend to be in despair, getting pessimistic. This will eventually cause the individual fail to achieve self-identity. Moreover, Schoklitsch and Baumann (2011) emphasized that generativity is an essential factor to maintain psychological health in old ages. This theory had been approved by Baltes and Baltes (1990) that they regarded generativity and wisdom as the best portrayal of the old age life. It can be seen that generativity is indeed an important study issue in the field of gerontology. In addition, older adults have contributive needs, according to McClusky’s (1971) Margin Theory of Needs. Older adults wanted to give a helping hand to the society. They hoped that both their contribution and themselves will be valued and appreciated. Through their devotion, they wished they could change public’s stereotype of older adults. To be concrete, the purpose of this study is as follows: to understand the relationship between generativity and the contribution of services; to analyze the characteristics, actions and influential factors of generativity; to explore motivations behind, effectiveness of, and influences on the contribution of services. In order to achieve above purposes, this study adopted questionnaire survey method.
Evaluation of the antioxidant activity and mutagenicity of Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.).
Authors: Serrão Pinto Eduardo Júnior , Aurélio Carneiro Alan Bruno , Conrado Brenda Fernandes , Silveira da Silva Iago Luan , Teramussi Gino Moreto , Tostes Malcher Edilluci do Socorro , Do Nascimento Alessandra Azevedo , Monteiro Neto Moacir de Azevedo Bentes
Published: May 2020

This study evaluated the antioxidant capacity and the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of the fixed oil of B. excelsa Bonpl. in peripheral blood of Swiss mice. For the antioxidant capacity, were used the β-carotene/linoleic acid and DPPH methods. In the genotoxicity assay, were used healthy, 6-7 week old male Swiss mice, and there were six animals per group. For the genotoxic test, animals were treated with different concentrations of B. excelsa (500, 1.000 and 2.000 mg/kg body weight bw) in 0.5 mL orally. For the antigenotoxic test, animals were treated with predetermined concentrations, followed by intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin (DXR 15 mg/kg bw) in 0.3 ml, in addition to the negative group (water) and dimethylsulfoxide (200 μL). Peripheral blood samples were collected 24 and 48 hours after the treatments. The frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) was obtained from the analysis of 2.000 MNPCEs/animal. After data analysis, the conclusion was that the fixed oil of B. excelsa showed excellent protective activity by the β-carotene/linoleic acid method, demonstrated absence of genotoxic effect, and significant antigenotoxic effect according to the protocols and treatments performed in this study.
Innovation and Staff Turnover in the Food Industry in Sergipe
Authors: Ramos Eloy Bruno , Barbosa da Cruz Cleide Ane , Normando de Souza Laudiceia , Belmino dos Santos João Antonio , Almeida Paixão Ana Eleonora
Published: May 2020

The high rate of staff turnover has caused concern in the industrial sector, not only for the loss of labor, but also because it directly implies the capacity for innovation, which is essential for the development of companies in a globalized market. Therefore, the objective of this work was to study the relationship between human resource turnover, known as Turnover, and innovation in the Sergipe food industry. A documentary search was carried out in the RAIS, CAGED databases to verify the turnover rate of the industries and a mapping of the patent deposits in the databases of the National Institute of Industrial Property, European Patent Office and World Intellectual Property Organization. When analyzing the average remuneration of the workers, it is noticed that the mineral extractive sector has the highest average remuneration of the state, so it was made the comparison with the food sector, when calculating the turnover rate of both sectors, it was verified that the food industry has a higher than extractive turnover rate. In addition, the Mineral Extractive Industry has a greater number of patent deposits compared to the Food Industry. In this way, it is understood that there is a relation between the turnover rate and the innovation of the sectors, since the Mining Extractive Industry, since it is a sector with higher qualified personnel and with a lower turnover rate, presented a larger quantity of patent deposits in comparison with the Food Industry which presented a higher rate of turnover.
A Study on the Causal Relationship between Spot Price and Futures Price of Crude Oil and Agricultural Products
Authors: Shin Dong Hoon , Kim Seon Hyeon
Published: May 2020

This paper studies the relationship between the agricultural, energy, and derivatives markets. This study empirically analyzes how the results of previous studies on the Granger causality between oil price and the spot price of agricultural products appear in the futures market by using the Toda and Yamamoto (1995)’ causality test. There are two main findings. First, 7 bidirectional causalities and 27 causalities between oil and 6 agricultural products are found, providing strong evidence of a causal relationship. Second, causality is found between oil prices and grain and oilseed type agricultural products, and the spot price of oil has relatively more causalities on agricultural product prices than the futures price of oil. Lastly, testing each period shows that a financial crisis can strengthen the relationship between the agriculture markets and the energy markets
Difficulties Found by Students in the Disciplines of Post-graduation in Electrical Engineering
Authors: Barreiros Marta , Cabral Correia Leticia , de Oliveira Barreiros Sheyla Priscilla , da Silva Pires Diogenes  Ermeson , Lima Rocha Priscila , Duarte Martins Vanessa Edilene , De Oliveira Dantas Diego
Published: May 2020

In this study, we explore the difficulties of students in the disciplines of post-graduation in electrical engineering. To the extent that the student is able to elucidate his difficulties during the disciplines of the postgraduate course, your research can flow with greater satisfaction and success. Our findings are based on interviews of students with different backgrounds and educational experiences, allowing to capture different difficulties and motivations found in the classroom, which influence the researches of masters and doctoral students. We found that most of the students in the postgraduate course in electrical engineering had background training in distinct areas (73.3%), and that they are generally related area students, such as math, computing, and other areas of engineering. Another aspect is that most interviewees reported that their difficulties were related to the disciplines that addressed the development of algorithms and mathematical calculations (66%), suggesting that this problem was a consequence of insufficient knowledge base for the disciplines. The findings suggest that even with the difficulties encountered in the classroom, the students of the course had no disapproval, because most of the time they sought to discuss their difficulties in groups of studies created by classmates, and thus, elucidating the difficulties faced with colleagues who had different skills.
Promotion of Vocational Education and Training Career Pathways in the Australian Construction Industry
Authors: Skiba Richard
Published: May 2020

This discussion paper considers the benefits of promotion of qualification pathways related to individual career pathways for new entrants and current workers in the Australian construction industry. Benefits are considered from an individual, organisational and social view accounting for licencing and health and safety obligations in the industry.  The paper condones the promotion of training pathway programs, particularly those that increase in level and stimulate upskilling. Increases in uptake of pathways programs linked to career objectives can have a positive impact on recognised skill shortage occupations and enhance skills in younger workers in an industry subject to an aging workforce.
Registered Training Organisations and government agencies are encouraged to develop innovative ways to increase the uptake of pathways and to ensure retention through the range of qualifications completed.
Synchronous Distributed Generation Islanding Protection using Paraconsistent Relay
Authors: Barrozo da Silva Viviane , Duarte Ricciotti Antonio Carlos , Júnior Adailton Braga
Published: May 2020

This article presents the intelligent multifunctional protection (IR) relay for systems based on synchronous generators using a paraconsistent neural network. This network woks with degrees of favorable, unfavorable evidence, sensitivity and time. The IR includes islanding, fault detection, fault type recognition and selective fault blocking. The proposed multi-function APL4v IR was tested in a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) environment. The results show that the proposed IR is superior to the traditional islanding recognition methods regarding reliability, safety and detection time.
Analysis of the frequency of pediatric cancer in the Western Amazon (Brazil)
Authors: Paraguassu-Chaves Carlos Alberto , Filho Allan Kardec Duailibe Barros , Macieira Carlos de Andrade , Almeida Fabrício Moraes de , Dantas Lenita Rodrigues Moreira , Neto João Viana Fonseca
Published: May 2020

Objective: Analyzes the frequency of cancer in children and adolescents in the State of Rondônia / Western Amazon (Brazil), attended by public health services. Method: This is a descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study. We used an instrument developed by Paraguassú-Chaves et al [24], semi-structured, containing a series of variables, such as sex, age, histological types, types of cancer by location of the primary tumor, lymphomas, leukemias, clinical stage of the disease, diagnosis and previous treatment, among others. We asked the Research Ethics Committee to waive the Free and Informed Consent Term, because the study did not require patient intervention or collection of biological material and there was no possibility of constraints for patients and their families. Results: From 122 cases, 56 (45.9%) were female and 66 (55.1%) were male. Regarding the distribution of patients according to the age group, 38 (31.1%) were younger than 4 years, 21 (17.2%), 5 to 9 years, 24 (19.7%) from 10 to 14 and 39 (32.0%) from 15 to 19. The most frequent histological types by gender were myeloproliferative leukemias and myelodysplastic diseases with 39.31% of new cases, reticuloendothelial lymphomas and neoplasms 11.96%, carcinomas and other epithelial neoplasms 11.96% of cases and CNS and several cranial intra-neoplasms and intraspinal with 11.11% of new cases. Leukemia in the hematopoietic and reticuloendothelial system (C42) is the most frequent cancer in children and adolescents, with 46.2% of cancers in the studied period. 20.5% of the cases do not know the stage of the cancer and 79.5% of the patients do not have information about the stage of the disease. 99.38% of pediatric cancer cases are referred by the single public health system - SUS and only 0.11% non-SUS or private health system. 47.6% of children and adolescents who arrive at the cancer clinic of the public health system have no diagnosis or previous treatment. Conclusions: he results presented are similar to the studies carried out in Rondônia, Brazil and other countries and are in agreement with the studies by Paraguassú-Chaves et al [24], Paraguassú-Chaves et al [27] and Paraguassú-Chaves et al [28].Considering some parameters and indicators, it can be concluded that childhood cancer in Rondônia is a public health problem.
Factors Influencing Household’s Solid Waste Classification Management
Authors: Sanga Keneth Ibrahim , Ying Dong , Huan Lu
Published: May 2020

Households’ contribution in solid waste classification and recycling of municipal household solid waste is one of the essential factors influencing municipal solid waste management. We identify and investigate the factors influencing solid waste management classification as well as mechanism used by households to dispose waste in their communities. Based on the survey data of households in Hangzhou China in three different communities, factors that affect household disposal and their degree of influence have been analyzed, followed by discussion on decision-making mechanisms. The results show that household behavioral selection has been linked to several key factors which are Environmental attitude, knowledge and education, classification facilities and services, and policies. The research has also determined to reveal the response of the people to solid waste classification, and the combined effect of the factors is almost twice that of the former. In addition, environmentally friendly facilities and programs are most successful in encouraging the involvement of household in identification and recycling. Finally, the research put forward applicable policy suggestions for the comprehensive management of municipal Household Solid Waste classification and recycling.
Beyond Orthodox Approaches to Education Reform
Authors: Agu Augustine  Obelagu , Ibe Patrick Ik.
Published: May 2020

This paper looks at how the Republic of South Sudan (RSS) can accelerate the catch up in education by adopting disruptive innovations to implement its well-articulated educational plan modeled on EFA, MDG and SDG. The main argument of the paper is that the prevailing orthodox education strategies and tools currently being utilized will take long to provide all children with good quality education. These work  well enough in stable environments, but is ill equipped to deal with fragile and volatile environments. RSS presents a continuous conflict environment full of complex and adaptive challenges with a very new and weak state. RSS has to think out of the box or even no box to fashion out implementation strategies that will deliver her citizens with the education dividend that they have been historically denied of.
Neuroendoscopic lavage for the management of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in preterm infants: safety, effectivity, and lessons learned
Authors: Tirado-Caballero Jorge , Rivero-Garvia Mónica , Arteaga-Romero Francisco , Herreria-Franco Jorge , Lozano-Gonzalez Ángel , Marquez-Rivas Javier
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

Treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in preterm infants is a matter of debate among pediatric neurosurgeons. Neuroendoscopic lavage (NEL) has been proposed as a suitable technique for the management of this pathology. The authors present their experience with 46 patients treated with NEL after germinal matrix hemorrhage, describe their technique, and analyze the outcomes.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis of patients affected by grade III or IV intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) treated with NEL was performed. Nonmodifiable risk factors such as gestational age, weight at birth, modified Papile grade, and intercurrent diseases were reviewed. Safety analysis was performed, evaluating the incidence of postoperative complications. Effectivity was measured using radiological (frontal horn index and white matter injury), CSF biochemical (proteins, blood, and cellularity), and clinical variables. Permanent shunt rate and shunt survival were analyzed. The motor outcome was measured using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) at 18–24 months, and the neurocognitive outcome was evaluated according to the grade of adaptation to schooling.

RESULTS

Forty-six patients met the inclusion criteria. Patients were treated with a single NEL in 21 cases, 2 lavages in 13 cases, and 3 lavages in 12 cases. The mean gestational age at birth was 30.04 weeks, and the mean weight at birth was 1671.86 g. Hyaline membrane disease was described in 4.8% of the cases, hematological sepsis in 43.47%, persistent ductus arteriosus in 23.9%, and necrotizing enterocolitis in 10.9% of the cases. Modified Papile grade III and IV IVHs were observed in 60.9% and 39.1% of the cases, respectively. Postoperative infection was diagnosed in 10 of the 46 cases, CSF leak in 6, and rebleeding in 3. The mean frontal horn index decreased from 49.54 mm to 45.50 mm after NEL. No white matter injury was observed in 18 of 46 patients, focal injury was described in 13 patients, and diffuse bilateral white matter injury was observed in 15 patients. All CSF biochemical levels improved after lavage. The shunt rate was 58.7%, and shunt survival at 1 year was 50%. GMFCS grades I, II, III, IV, and V were observed in 44.74%, 21.05%, 2.63%, 15.79%, and 15.79% of patients, respectively. Good neurocognitive results were observed in 53.3% of the cases.

CONCLUSIONS

Neuroendoscopic lavage was a suitable alternative for the management of IVH in preterm infants in our series. Good motor and neurocognitive results were achieved by this technique, and the permanent shunt rate was reduced compared with historical controls.
Biportal endoscopic discectomy for high-grade migrated lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Kang Taewook , Park Si Young , Park Gun Woo , Lee Soon Hyuck , Park Jong Hoon , Suh Seung Woo
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

Although endoscopic procedures for lumbar disc herniation have improved greatly and offer many advantages, the indications are limited mostly to nonmigrated or low-grade migrated disc herniation. Endoscopic application in migrated disc herniation cases is still challenging and technically demanding. The goal in this study was to determine the feasibility of biportal endoscopic discectomy for removal of high-grade migrated disc herniation.

METHODS

A retrospective review was performed in 262 patients who had undergone biportal endoscopic discectomy after the diagnosis of lumbar herniated disc. According to preoperative MRI findings, disc herniation was classified into 5 zones based on the direction and distance from the disc space. Patients were divided into 2 groups—a high-grade migration group and a low-grade migration group. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), visual analog scale (VAS), and modified Macnab criteria, and those outcomes and operation time were compared between the 2 groups.

RESULTS

There were 10 patients with “high-grade up,” 8 with “low-grade up,” 98 with disc-level, 102 with “low-grade down,” and 44 with “high-grade down” herniation, thereby yielding 54 patients in the high-grade group and 208 in the low-grade group. Demographic data for the 2 groups showed no significant difference. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in ODI, VAS, and modified Macnab criteria. Operation time between the 2 groups was not significantly different (60.74 vs 65.63 minutes, p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Biportal endoscopic discectomy can be effective for high-grade migrated lumbar disc herniation with no prolonged operation time and satisfactory clinical outcomes.
Hydranencephaly treatments: retrospective case series and review of the literature
Authors: Thiong’o Grace M. , Ferson Susan S. , Albright A. Leland
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to review treatment options for infants with hydranencephaly and to consider the pros and cons of each treatment modality.

METHODS

This paper is a review of hydranencephaly as well as a retrospective analysis evaluating the outcomes of 52 infants with hydranencephaly who were treated at the Kijabe Hospital, Kijabe, Kenya, in one of four ways: ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) insertion, endoscopic choroid plexus coagulation (CPC), open choroid plexectomy (CPlx), and palliative care. The primary outcome measure was control of head size, with the aim of improving patient care. One-year mortality was a secondary outcome.

RESULTS

Of the 52 patients analyzed, 11 underwent VPS insertion, 17 CPC, 14 CPlx, and 10 were treated palliatively. Head size was controlled at the 3-month evaluation interval in 5 of 7 infants treated with VPS, 10 of 16 of those treated with CPC, 6 of 9 of those treated with CPlx, and 1 of 4 treated palliatively. The number of infants in each category with complete follow-up data that were needed to analyze change in head size was lower than the total number of patients included in each category. Mortality at 1 year of age was 9 of 11 in the VPS group, 14 of 17 in the CPC group, 6 of 14 in the CPlx group, and 7 of 10 in the palliative group.

CONCLUSIONS

Head size decreased by 1 cm or more in similar proportions (62%–71%) of infants with hydranencephaly who were treated by VPS insertion, CPC, and CPlx, and progressed in those who received palliative care. Mortality at 1 year of age was similar in infants treated by a VPS, CPC, and palliative care (70%–82%), but lower (43%) in those treated with CPlx.