bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Host-inherent variability influences the transcriptional response of Staphylococcus aureus during in vivo infection
Authors: Thänert Robert , Goldmann Oliver , Beineke Andreas , Medina Eva
Published: February 2017

The rise of antibiotic resistance calls for alternative strategies to treat bacterial infections. One attractive strategy is to directly target bacterial virulence factors with anti-virulence drugs. The expression of virulence traits by pathogens is, however, not constitutive but rather induced by the level of stress encountered within the host. Here we use dual RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to show that intrinsic variability in the level of host resistance greatly affects the pathogen's transcriptome in vivo. Through analysis of the transcriptional profiles of host and pathogen during Staphylococcus aureus infection of two mouse strains, shown to be susceptible (A/J) or resistant (C57BL/6) to the pathogen, we demonstrate that the expression of virulence factors is dependent on the encountered host resistance. We furthermore provide evidence that this dependence strongly influences the efficacy of anti-virulence strategies, highlighting a potential limitation for the implementation of these strategies.
Ultrahigh-resolution imaging of water networks by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Shiotari Akitoshi , Sugimoto Yoshiaki
Published: February 2017

Local defects in water layers growing on metal surfaces have a key influence on the wetting process at the surfaces; however, such minor structures are undetectable by macroscopic methods. Here, we demonstrate ultrahigh-resolution imaging of single water layers on a copper(110) surface by using non-contact atomic force microscopy (AFM) with molecular functionalized tips at 4.8 K. AFM with a probe tip terminated by carbon monoxide predominantly images oxygen atoms, whereas the contribution of hydrogen atoms is modest. Oxygen skeletons in the AFM images reveal that the water networks containing local defects and edges are composed of pentagonal and hexagonal rings. The results reinforce the applicability of AFM to characterize atomic structures of weakly bonded molecular assemblies.
Solvothermal synthesis of CdIn2S4 photocatalyst for selective photosynthesis of organic aromatic compounds under visible light
Authors: Ling Cancan , Ye Xiangju , Zhang Jinghu , Zhang Jinfeng , Zhang Sujuan , Meng Sugang , Fu Xianliang , Chen Shifu
Published: February 2017

Ternary chalcogenide semiconductor, cadmium indium sulfide (CdIn2S4), was prepared by a simple solvothermal method using ethylene glycol as a solvent, as well as indium chloride tetrahydrate (InCl3.4H2O), cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate [Cd(NO3)2.4H2O], and thiacetamide (TAA) as precursors. The resulted sample was subject to a series of characterizations. It is the first time to use CdIn2S4 sample as a visible light-driven photocatalyst for simultaneous selective redox transformation of organic aromatic compounds. The results indicate that the as-synthesized CdIn2S4 photocatalyst not only has excellent photocatalytic performance compared with pure In2S3 and CdS for the selective oxidation of aromatic alcohols in an oxygen environment, but also shows high photocatalytic redox activities under nitrogen atmosphere. A possible mechanism for the photocatalytic redox reaction in the coupled system was proposed. It is hoped that our current work could extend the applications of CdIn2S4 photocatalyst and provide new insights for selective transformations of organic compounds.
Signatures of malaria-associated pathology revealed by high-resolution whole-blood transcriptomics in a rodent model of malaria
Authors: Lin Jing-wen , Sodenkamp Jan , Cunningham Deirdre , Deroost Katrien , Tshitenge Tshibuayi Christine , McLaughlin Sarah , Lamb Tracey J. , Spencer-Dene Bradley , Hosking Caroline , Ramesar Jai , Janse Chris J. , Graham Christine , O’Garra Anne , Langhorne Jean
Published: February 2017

The influence of parasite genetic factors on immune responses and development of severe pathology of malaria is largely unknown. In this study, we performed genome-wide transcriptomic profiling of mouse whole blood during blood-stage infections of two strains of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi that differ in virulence. We identified several transcriptomic signatures associated with the virulent infection, including signatures for platelet aggregation, stronger and prolonged anemia and lung inflammation. The first two signatures were detected prior to pathology. The anemia signature indicated deregulation of host erythropoiesis, and the lung inflammation signature was linked to increased neutrophil infiltration, more cell death and greater parasite sequestration in the lungs. This comparative whole-blood transcriptomics profiling of virulent and avirulent malaria shows the validity of this approach to inform severity of the infection and provide insight into pathogenic mechanisms.
Conserved gene regulation during acute inflammation between zebrafish and mammals
Authors: Forn-Cuní G. , Varela M. , Pereiro P. , Novoa B. , Figueras A.
Published: February 2017

Zebrafish (Danio rerio), largely used as a model for studying developmental processes, has also emerged as a valuable system for modelling human inflammatory diseases. However, in a context where even mice have been questioned as a valid model for these analysis, a systematic study evaluating the reproducibility of human and mammalian inflammatory diseases in zebrafish is still lacking. In this report, we characterize the transcriptomic regulation to lipopolysaccharide in adult zebrafish kidney, liver, and muscle tissues using microarrays and demonstrate how the zebrafish genomic responses can effectively reproduce the mammalian inflammatory process induced by acute endotoxin stress. We provide evidence that immune signaling pathways and single gene expression is well conserved throughout evolution and that the zebrafish and mammal acute genomic responses after lipopolysaccharide stimulation are highly correlated despite the differential susceptibility between species to that compound. Therefore, we formally confirm that zebrafish inflammatory models are suited to study the basic mechanisms of inflammation in human inflammatory diseases, with great translational impact potential.
Epigenetic origin of evolutionary novel centromeres
Authors: Tolomeo Doron , Capozzi Oronzo , Stanyon Roscoe R. , Archidiacono Nicoletta , D’Addabbo Pietro , Catacchio Claudia R. , Purgato Stefania , Perini Giovanni , Schempp Werner , Huddleston John , Malig Maika , Eichler Evan E. , Rocchi Mariano
Published: February 2017

Most evolutionary new centromeres (ENC) are composed of large arrays of satellite DNA and surrounded by segmental duplications. However, the hypothesis is that ENCs are seeded in an anonymous sequence and only over time have acquired the complexity of “normal” centromeres. Up to now evidence to test this hypothesis was lacking. We recently discovered that the well-known polymorphism of orangutan chromosome 12 was due to the presence of an ENC. We sequenced the genome of an orangutan homozygous for the ENC, and we focused our analysis on the comparison of the ENC domain with respect to its wild type counterpart. No significant variations were found. This finding is the first clear evidence that ENC seedings are epigenetic in nature. The compaction of the ENC domain was found significantly higher than the corresponding WT region and, interestingly, the expression of the only gene embedded in the region was significantly repressed.
CuZrO3nanoparticles catalyst in aerobic oxidation of vanillyl alcohol
Authors: Saha Subrata , Abd Hamid Sharifah Bee
Published: February 2017

A highly crystalline, mesoporous and perovskite type CuZrO3nanoparticles catalyst was preparedviaa simple and facile one pot solvent evaporation method.
Three dimensional cellular architecture of sulfur doped graphene: self-standing electrode for flexible supercapacitors, lithium ion and sodium ion batteries
Authors: Islam Md. Monirul , Subramaniyam Chandrasekar M. , Akhter Taslima , Faisal Shaikh Nayeem , Minett Andrew I. , Liu Hua Kun , Konstantinov Konstantin , Dou Shi Xue
Published: February 2017

Multifunctional cellular architecture of sulfur doped graphene paves the way for high performance flexible energy device application.
Near-infrared absorbing amphiphilic semiconducting polymers for photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Cui Dong , Xie Chen , Lyu Yan , Zhen Xu , Pu Kanyi
Published: February 2017

Near-infrared (NIR) absorbing amphiphilic semiconducting polymers with absorption maximum at 804 nm were designed and synthesized. This polymer can spontaneously self-assemble into homogeneous water-soluble nanoparticles in aqueous solution and efficiently convert photon energy into heat, allowing for photoacoustic imaging of tumor in living mice.
A water-based silver nanowire ink for large-scale flexible transparent conductive films and touch screens
Authors: Chen Shanyong , Guan Youwei , Li Ying , Yan Xingwu , Ni Haitao , Li Lu
Published: February 2017

A water-based AgNW ink for large-scale flexible transparent conductive films was developed via a systematic research procedure.
INFLUENZA DETECTION: A PROSPECTIVE COMPARISON OF SURVEILLANCE METHODS AND ANALYSIS OF ISOLATES
Authors: MARINE WILLIAM M. , McGOWAN JOHN , THOMAS JAMES E.
Published: February 2017

Several prospective methods for surveillance of influenza were compared for the speed and efficacy with which they identified cases of influenza in metropolitan Atlanta during 1972–1975, a period in which two outbreaks of influenza occurred. In a large city-county hospital's outpatient clinics, systematic collection of pharyngeal cultures for virus isolation provided a rapid means for discovering the presence of influenzal illness and for monitoring the extent of the outbreak. Both obtaining cultures and determining the percentage of patients with respiratory complaints indicated an outbreak 3–5 weeks before epidemic disease was confirmed by a rise in the number of deaths due to pneumonia and influenza. Antigenic analysis of influenza A strains isolated during this three-year period showed that influenza A strains recovered in Atlanta in 1973–1974 (a non-epidemic year) were identical to the strains recovered in the 1974–1975 epidemic. Why no epidemic occurred in 1973–1974 in the presence of the epidemic strain of the virus is unknown, and the lack of an epidemic suggests that the role of virus persistence in the epidemiology of influenza requires further evaluation.
ORAL RABIES VACCINE: EVALUATION OF ITS INFECTIVITY IN THREE SPECIES OF RODENTS
Authors: WINKLER WILLIAM G. , SHADDOCK JOHN H. , WILLIAMS L. W.
Published: February 2017

The safety of oral rabies vaccine was evaluated in 3 species of rodents, ani-mals which might inadvertently consume field-distributed vaccine baits intended for foxes. The potentials for infection from bait ingestion and transmission through cannibalism were evaluated. Results indicate that ingestion of the vaccine baits used in these experiments will result in infection and disease ofsome rodents. Of 64 rodents which ate baits. 19 (30%) died of clinical rabies; the diagnosis was confirmed in 11 (17%), and 2 (3%) had demonstrable rabies virus in their salivary glands. Only 3 of 112 (3%) rodents that ate vaccine-infected rodents contracted rabies, and none had demonstrable virus in their salivary glands.
Symptomatic, Inspiration‐Induced Atrioventricular Block: Treated with Pacemaker Implant
Authors: HOFFMANN DIEGO A. , ATAMAÑUK ANDRÉS NICOLÁS , RUIZ GRACIELA AURORA , CHIRIFE RAUL , TENTORI MARIA CRISTINA , SALZBERG SIMÓN
Published: February 2017

Background

The respiratory sinus arrhythmia is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. It consists of phasic variations of sinus cycle length produced by an autonomic reflex, and is characterized by increased heart rate during inspiration and decline in expiration. This phenomenon is due to a reduction of the parasympathetic tone during inspiration, causing a rise in the heart rate, while during expiration the opposite phenomenon occurs. This arrhythmia is more frequent in young adults, although it can also be seen in any age group.

Methods and Results

We report the case of a 46‐year‐old female, who was transferred to our institution because of dizziness and loss of balance reported during deep inspiration, associated with sinus bradycardia and atrioventricular block.
‘I need complete trust in nurses’ – home mechanical ventilated patients’ perceptions of safety
Authors: Schaepe Christiane , Ewers Michael
Published: February 2017

Background

Although home care has advanced over the last few decades, little research on patient safety has been carried out in this setting. Furthermore, it is unclear how patients perceive their situation and safety. The insiders’ views might be especially relevant for technology‐dependent individuals, such as users of home mechanical ventilation (HMV).

Aim

The aim of this study was to examine how HMV patients perceive their situation and what makes them feel safe or unsafe.

Design

Explorative qualitative study.

Methods

Data were collected in two regions in Germany between April and December 2014 by means of semi‐structured interviews with 21 HMV patients. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data.

Findings

Three themes emerged: the meaning of an interpersonal relationship between the nurse and HMV patient is expressed in the theme Being familiar – Having trust. The importance of the attentiveness of nurses for the patients’ feeling of safety is described in the theme Being able to communicate – Being noticed. The theme Experiencing continuity – Feeling presence points to the organisational dimension of HMV care provision.

Conclusions

The interpersonal nurse–patient relationship plays a key role in promoting HMV patients’ feeling of safety. Thus, HMV patients have a relational approach to safety. In order to enhance the patients’ feeling of safety, nurses should strive to develop a trusting relationship with patients and demonstrate their presence and attentiveness. Regarding the provision of care, competent and continuous care should be made a priority.
Quantum-gravity-induced dual lensing and IceCube neutrinos
Authors: Amelino-Camelia Giovanni , Barcaroli Leonardo , D’Amico Giacomo , Loret Niccoló , Rosati Giacomo
Published: February 2017

Momentum-space curvature, which is expected in some approaches to the quantum-gravity problem, can produce dual redshift, a feature which introduces energy dependence of the travel times of ultrarelativistic particles, and dual lensing, a feature which mainly affects the direction of observation of particles. In our recent paper [Phys. Lett. B 761 (2016) 318, arXiv:1605.00496 .], we explored the possibility that dual redshift might be relevant in the analysis of IceCube neutrinos, obtaining results which are preliminarily encouraging. Here, we explore the possibility that also dual lensing might play a role in the analysis of IceCube neutrinos. In doing so, we also investigate issues which are of broader interest, such as the possibility of estimating the contribution by background neutrinos and some noteworthy differences between candidate “early neutrinos” and candidate “late neutrinos”.
Further investigation about inflation and reheating stages based on the Planck and WMAP-9
Authors: Ghayour Basem
Published: February 2017

The potential [Formula: see text] is responsible for the inflation of the universe as scalar field [Formula: see text] oscillates quickly around some point where [Formula: see text] has a minimum. The end of this stage has an important role on the further evolution stages of the universe. The created particles are responsible for reheating the universe at the end of this stage. The behavior of the inflation and reheating stages are often known as power law expansion [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], respectively. The reheating temperature ([Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text] give us valuable information about the reheating stage. Recently, people have studied about the behavior of [Formula: see text] based on slow-roll inflation and initial condition of quantum normalization. It is shown that there is some discrepancy on [Formula: see text] due to the amount of [Formula: see text] under the condition of slow-roll inflation and quantum normalization [M. Tong, Class. Quantum Grav. 30 (2013) 055013.]. Therefore, the author is believed in [M. Tong, Class. Quantum Grav. 30 (2013) 055013.] that the quantum normalization may not be a good initial condition but it seems that, we can remove this discrepancy by determining the appropriate parameter [Formula: see text] and hence the obtained temperatures based on the calculated [Formula: see text] are in favor of both mentioned conditions. Then from given [Formula: see text], we can calculate [Formula: see text], tensor-to-scalar ratio [Formula: see text] and parameters [Formula: see text] based on the Planck and WMAP-9 data. The observed results of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] have consistency with their constrains. Also the results of [Formula: see text] are in agreement with its general range and special range based on the DECIGO and BBO detectors.
Pau Estorch Siqués (1805–71) and his ‘magnes venenorum’
Authors: Sabaté Casellas F. , Torres Gallardo B.
Published: February 2017

From ancient times, many efforts have been made to find a substance with the capacity to neutralize the toxic substances or poisons that can affect the human body. Such poisons of animal, vegetable or mineral origin enter the body through the skin, digestive or respiratory systems. Many simple or complex substances have been investigated. Estorch Siqués was a multitalented personality interested in literature, public health affairs and practical medicine; he was also a businessman who publicized and sold his own products. His ‘magnes venenorum’ is another example of the search for a universal antidote during the second half of the nineteenth century.
Síndrome de Down: trabalho e práticas de inclusão
Authors: Giacomini Dalila , Moreira Lisandra Espíndula , Londero Mário Francis Petry
Published: February 2017

Este artigo analisou enunciados relativos ao trabalho e inclusão para pessoas com Síndrome de Down (SD) queparticipam de atividades produtivas. Propôs-se uma reflexão genealógica sobre trabalho e sua articulação com inclusão eSD, entendendo que essas marcas funcionam como herança para as possibilidades de inserção nas instâncias do trabalho.A pesquisa foi realizada numa instituição de apoio à pessoa com deficiência, utilizando como metodologias: entrevistascom pessoas que possuem SD e profissionais da instituição, além do acompanhamento das oficinas e confecção dediário de campo. A partir da análise, podemos sintetizar que os enunciados são diversos e apontam para a complexidadedo campo. Os enunciados nos apontaram para a importância de três temáticas na forma como as pessoas com SD serelacionam com o trabalho e a inclusão: Construção de vínculos; tempo e ritmo de trabalho; e família e remuneração.Consideramos que o estudo questiona significados atribuídos ao trabalho para funcionários com ou sem Síndrome deDown, possibilitando pensar nas singularidades que constroem formas de inclusão e exclusão no âmbito profissional.
Sentidos do trabalho e formas de participação: o caso de uma cooperativa de trabalhadores rurais do Assentamento Mário Lago, Ribeirão Preto (SP)
Authors: Melo Thainara Granero de , Scopinho Rosemeire Aparecida
Published: February 2017

O problema da participação em cooperativas de trabalhadores rurais assentados têm sido estudado sob diferentes perspectivas, porém não há consenso na literatura. De todo modo, a literatura mostra que há diferentes fatores que contribuem para a falta de participação real dos trabalhadores, especialmente porque o acesso às políticas públicas está condicionado à criação de cooperativas ou associações, o que torna compulsório o associativismo. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir as formas de participação de trabalhadores rurais em cooperativas por meio da análise dos sentidos atribuídos ao trabalho. Estudamos o caso de uma cooperativa do Assentamento Mário Lago, Ribeirão Preto (SP),por meio de estratégias de observações diretas e de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Constatamos que a participação instrumental predominava no grupo, reforçada por dependências materiais, institucionais e afetivas dos sujeitos. Os sentidos atribuídos pelos sujeitos ao trabalho cooperado reforçaram a constatação de que o modo como as políticas de desenvolvimento rural têm sido pensadas no país traduzem a desproporcionalidade entre a prática cotidiana da cooperação e o cooperativismo institucionalizado.
Avaliação eletromiográfica dos músculos do membro superior de indivíduos hemiparéticos com uso da Terapia do Espelho.
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Cláudia Tavares , Faganello-Navega Flávia Roberta
Published: February 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a atividade elétrica muscular durante a realização da Terapia do Espelho no membro superior parético de indivíduos com sequela de AVE. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter quantitativo. Participaram desta pesquisa dez usuários do Centro de Reabilitação SORRI-BAURU, com histórico de AVE há pelo menos seis meses, com sequela de hemiparesia. A coleta de dados foi constituída pela aplicação da Escala Modificada de Ashworth e avaliação eletromiográfica dos seguintes músculos do membro superior acometido: abdutor curto do polegar, flexor radial do carpo, extensor ulnar do carpo, bíceps e tríceps. A análise do sinal EMG foi realizada em rotinas específicas desenvolvidas em ambiente Matlab (Mathworks®) e a análise estatística feita através do teste ANOVA para medidas repetidas, sendo adotado o nível de significância de p<0,05. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas nos dados referentes aos músculos abdutor curto do polegar (p=0,005); flexor radial do carpo (p=0,032); bíceps (p=0,002) e tríceps braquial (p=0,024), provavelmente, devido a uma adequação do tônus durante a realização da Terapia do Espelho, porém, ainda é necessária a realização de estudos que comparem estes dados pré e pós-intervenção com o uso da técnica, em busca de uma recuperação motora mais efetiva do membro acometido.
Regulação consensual: o papel dos compromissos de cessação de prática no ajustamento de condutas dos regulados
Authors: Marrara Thiago
Published: February 2017

Este artigo discute a essência dos compromissos de cessação de prática e busca traçar suas características fundamentais a despeito das peculiaridades de um ou outro modelo adotado em certos setores. Em seguida, aborda as utilidades potenciais dos compromissos, sobretudo no intuito de se demonstrar sua relevância prática na atualidade e de se realçar hipóteses de uso indevido ou abusivo. Reconhecida a essência dos compromissos e suas funcionalidades, parte para a problemática discussão de seu regime jurídico, buscando-se apontar um conjunto de aspectos referenciais que devem ser considerados para diferenciar esses acordos dos contratos instrumentais e concessórios. Em conclusão, adentra o debate sobre a necessidade ou não de previsão legal para a celebração de acordos do gênero, apontando-se as fragilidades de algumas práticas destituídas de suporte legal.
Prevention of Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysregulation, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis in

Ldlr
−/−

Mice by Treatment With the ATP-Citrate Lyase Inhibitor Bempedoic Acid
Authors: Samsoondar Joshua P. , Burke Amy C. , Sutherland Brian G. , Telford Dawn E. , Sawyez Cynthia G. , Edwards Jane Y. , Pinkosky Stephen L. , Newton Roger S. , Huff Murray W.
Published: February 2017

Objective—

Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002, 8-hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid) is a novel low-density lipoprotein cholesterol–lowering compound. In animals, bempedoic acid targets the liver where it inhibits cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis through inhibition of ATP-citrate lyase and through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that bempedoic acid would prevent diet-induced metabolic dysregulation, inflammation, and atherosclerosis.

Approach and Results—

Ldlr
−/−

mice were fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (42% kcal fat, 0.2% cholesterol) supplemented with bempedoic acid at 0, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg body weight/day. Treatment for 12 weeks dose-dependently attenuated diet-induced hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, fatty liver and obesity. Compared to high-fat, high-cholesterol alone, the addition of bempedoic acid decreased plasma triglyceride (up to 64%) and cholesterol (up to 50%) concentrations, and improved glucose tolerance. Adiposity was significantly reduced with treatment. In liver, bempedoic acid prevented cholesterol and triglyceride accumulation, which was associated with increased fatty acid oxidation and reduced fatty acid synthesis. Hepatic gene expression analysis revealed that treatment significantly increased expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation while suppressing inflammatory gene expression. In full-length aorta, bempedoic acid markedly suppressed cholesteryl ester accumulation, attenuated the expression of proinflammatory M1 genes and attenuated the
iNos
/
Arg1
ratio. Treatment robustly attenuated atherosclerotic lesion development in the aortic sinus by 44%, with beneficial changes in morphology, characteristic of earlier-stage lesions.

Conclusions—

Bempedoic acid effectively prevents plasma and tissue lipid elevations and attenuates the onset of inflammation, leading to the prevention of atherosclerotic lesion development in a mouse model of metabolic dysregulation.
Breach of Treaties in the Ancient Near East
Authors: Sulyok Gábor
Published: February 2017

The history of the breach of treaties can be traced back to the ancient Near East. The relative abundance and diversity of contemporary sources attest that the breaking of treaty obligations must have been a rather persistent problem, and that such occurrences were regarded as events of utmost importance throughout the Bronze and Iron Ages. The present study strives to demonstrate how peoples of old may have perceived and reacted to the breach of treaties on the basis of selected writings—the Legend of Etana, the Indictment of Madduwatta, the Indictment of Mita, the plague prayers of Mursili and the Old Testament—that provide, beyond the exposition of actual or alleged facts, a deeper insight into the psychological and procedural aspects of the subject.
Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) with oral rim ducts; description of a new genus and species from Turkey, and discussion of their higher classification within the Pseudococcidae
Authors: KAYDAN MEHMET BORA , SZITA ÉVA
Published: February 2017

A new monotypic mealybug genus with oral rim ducts, Bromusicoccus Kaydan gen. n. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae: Pseudococcinae), is described from Turkey. The higher classification of mealybug genera with oral rim tubular ducts worldwide is discussed and a key is provided to separate them.
Stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa) of South Africa, with the description of Calvadosia lewisi sp. nov.
Authors: MIRANDA LUCÍLIA S. , BRANCH GEORGE M. , COLLINS ALLEN G. , HIRANO YAYOI M. , MARQUES ANTONIO C. , GRIFFITHS CHARLES L.
Published: February 2017

Stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa) are cryptic, benthic animals, known mainly from polar and temperate waters of the Northern Hemisphere. We describe a new species, Calvadosia lewisi, from South Africa and review the staurozoan fauna of the region. Three other species are previously known from South Africa: Calvadosia capensis (Carlgren, 1938); Depastromorpha africana Carlgren, 1935; and Lipkea stephensoni Carlgren, 1933, but all of these are known from very few records and have been poorly illustrated and documented to date. We provide brief descriptions and photographic illustrations for each species and a list of local and global geographical records. Two (L. stephensoni and C. lewisi), but possibly three (D. africana), of the four known South African staurozoan species are endemic from South Africa. The new species, images, and extra distributional records presented here greatly improve knowledge of the staurozoan fauna in South Africa and, consequently, of the Southern Hemisphere.
Comprehensive comparison of Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore Technologies and their applications to transcriptome analysis
Authors: Weirather Jason L , de Cesare Mariateresa , Wang Yunhao , Piazza Paolo , Sebastiano Vittorio , Wang Xiu-Jie , Buck David , Au Kin Fai
Published: February 2017

Background: Given the demonstrated utility of Third Generation Sequencing [Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT)] long reads in many studies, a comprehensive analysis and comparison of their data quality and applications is in high demand. Methods: Based on the transcriptome sequencing data from human embryonic stem cells, we analyzed multiple data features of PacBio and ONT, including error pattern, length, mappability and technical improvements over previous platforms. We also evaluated their application to transcriptome analyses, such as isoform identification and quantification and characterization of transcriptome complexity, by comparing the performance of PacBio, ONT and their corresponding Hybrid-Seq strategies (PacBio+Illumina and ONT+Illumina). Results: PacBio shows overall better data quality, while ONT provides a higher yield. As with data quality, PacBio performs marginally better than ONT in most aspects for both long reads only and Hybrid-Seq strategies in transcriptome analysis. In addition, Hybrid-Seq shows superior performance over long reads only in most transcriptome analyses. Conclusions: Both PacBio and ONT sequencing are suitable for full-length single-molecule transcriptome analysis. As this first use of ONT reads in a Hybrid-Seq analysis has shown, both PacBio and ONT can benefit from a combined Illumina strategy. The tools and analytical methods developed here provide a resource for future applications and evaluations of these rapidly-changing technologies.
Disinhibition, an emerging pharmacology of learning and memory
Authors: Möhler Hanns , Rudolph Uwe
Published: February 2017

Learning and memory are dependent on interactive excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms. In this review, we discuss a mechanism called disinhibition, which is the release of an inhibitory constraint that effectively results in an increased activity in the target neurons (for example, principal or projection neurons). We focus on discussing the role of disinhibition in learning and memory at a basic level and in disease models with cognitive deficits and highlight a strategy to reverse cognitive deficits caused by excess inhibition, through disinhibition of α5-containing GABAA receptors mediating tonic inhibition in the hippocampus, based on subtype-selective negative allosteric modulators as a novel class of drugs.
Environmental Accounting and Audit in Market Conditions
Authors: Чхутиашвили  , Chkhutiashvili Lela
Published: February 2017

The article considers the actual questions of environmental accounting and audit in market conditions, which are the key factors of sustainable development of Russian organizations.
Assessment of the Validity of Investing in Energy-Efficient Single-Family Construction in Poland - Case Study
Authors: Tomczak K. , Kinash O.
Published: February 2017

The article raised issues related to the design and execution of low-energy objects in Polish conditions. Based on the designed single-family house, adapted to the requirements of the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management (“NF40” standard), the tools to assist investment decisions by investors were shown. An economic analysis and a multi-criteria analysis were performed using AHP method which had provided an answer to the question whether it is worthwhile to bear higher investment costs in order to adjust to the standards of energy-efficient buildings that fulfil a minimal energy consumption's requirements contained in Polish law. In addition, the variant of object that had optimal characteristics due to the different preferences of investors was indicated. This paper includes analysis and observations on the attempts to unify that part of the building sector, which so far is considered to be personalized, and objects in accordance with the corresponding idea are designed as “custom-made”.
Łazienkowski Bridge Fire in Warsaw – Structural Damage and Restoration Method
Authors: Zobel H. , Karwowski W. , Wróbel M. , Mossakowski P.
Published: February 2017

On the 14th of February, 2015, a huge fire broke out on Łazienkowski Bridge; a five span bridge, 423 m long and 28 m wide, built in the years 1972-74. It was a fully steel structure with four plate girders and orthotropic deck. The fire started under the first span during the replacement of wooden service decks. The next day, the Department of Bridges of the Warsaw University of Technology was designated to conduct an expertise material investigation, geometrical verification, and FEM model analysis. The subject of this paper concentrates on geometrical issues. The main difficulty of this task was the lack of full reference data regarding the bridge's original structure. The old design was incomplete and there was no actual surveying results for the undamaged structure. As a conclusion, some remarks focused on surveying measurements and on the final decision regarding this bridge are given. It was eventually exchanged into a brand new one and put into public use on the 28th of October, 2015.
Lean and Agile Management Synergy in Construction of High-Rise Office Building
Authors: Nowotarski P. , Pasławski J.
Published: February 2017

The aim of this article is to identify opportunities for using synergies obtained by incorporation of the two methods of management: Lean Management and Agile Management on the example of the process of column concreting. Despite the seemingly contradictory assumptions the two concepts complement each other in analysed example. The strategy is based on using the idea of “one piece flow” in accordance with the Lean Management which led to a reduction of costs due to increased turnover of formwork. At the same time the success of the project resulted in a significant dependence on the ability to provide a rapid response to changing conditions during in the maturation of concrete (depending on weather conditions, which can be expected on the basis of projections having different reliability). The simultaneous use of Lean and Agile Management allowed to achieve positive results for different scenarios of environment impact on the analysed process.
Adaptive Algorithm for Solving the Load Flow Problem in Distribution System
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Swapnil Shubham , Singh V. R.
Published: February 2017

This paper presents a fast and efficient method for load flow analysis of radial distribution networks. Here, an adaptive algorithm is proposed to analyze the load flow problem of distribution systems. An adaptive algorithm is the combination of backward/forward (BW/FW) sweep and cuckoo search (CS) algorithms. In the proposed method, the optimum load flow analysis of the radial distribution system is attained, while optimizing the voltage and current computation of the BW/FW sweep algorithm. Now, by the CS, the output voltage of the BW/FW sweep algorithm is compared with the standard voltage and optimized. From the optimized voltage and current, load flow parameters like power loss and real and reactive power flow are assessed. The proposed method is implemented using the MATLAB platform and tested into the IEEE 33 bus radial distribution system. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is determined by comparing with the BW/FW algorithm and genetic algorithm-based BW/FW algorithm.
Use of sol-gel hybrids for laser optical thin films
Authors: Belleville Philippe , Prené Philippe , Bonnin Claude , Montouillout Yves
Published: February 2017

The CEA/DAM megajoule-class pulsed Nd:glass laser devoted to Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) research is requiring 7,000-m2 of coated area onto 10,000 optical components. Among these different optics, two specific examples of applied sol-gel chemistry will be described. First one is dealing with the 240 44-cm square cavity-end mirrors needing to be highly-reflective (HR)-coated onto deformable substrates. Such large dielectric mirrors are using interference quaterwave stacks of SiO2 and ZrO2-PVP (PolyVinylPyrrolidone) thin films, both starting from sol-gel colloidal suspensions (sols). The ZrO2-PVP high index layer is a nanohybrid material prepared from mixing nanosized-zirconia suspension with a transparent polymer solution (PVP). The oxide/polymer ratio of the hybrid system has been optimized regarding refractive index value and laser damage threshold. UV-curing of the nanohybrid has enabled optical coating stacking up to 20 layers, achieving 99% minimum reflection over the whole coated surface. FT-IR spectroscopy has been used to highlight particles/polymer chemical interactions and also polymer modifications under UV-irradiation.

Second example is concerning development of a silica-based hybrid material to protect silvercoated light reflector used in laser pumping cavity. These metallic reflectors require a protective overlayer in order to preserve high-reflectivity front surfaces for long periods of operation under intense broadband flashlamp light and typical airborne contaminants. The so-called ormosil coating has been optimized in term of thickness and composition to enhance silver resistance to oxidation and tarnishing under UV-irradiation, to protect silver layer from clean-room cleaning procedure, to withstand 10,000 flashlamp glow-discharges exposure with the lowest possible change in the reflection value. To fulfil these requirements, the developed hybrid sol-gel material acts as an oxidation dense barrier, is chemical-resistant, is durable and remain transparent in the 400-1000nm wavelength range. Moreover, the sol-gel process allows industrial protective coating deposition onto large-sized and multi-shaped reflectors. These new protected reflectors will need to be replaced much less often than reflectors employed in current solid-state lasers, ensuring both higher performance and lower operating costs.
A Novel Route to Collagen-Silica Biohybrids
Authors: Coradin Thibaud , Giraud-Guille Marie-Madeleine , Helary Christophe , Livage Jacques , Sanchez Clément
Published: February 2017

A novel synthetic pathway to obtain collagen-silica biohybrids using a co-gelation process is described. Concentration control of the inorganic and organic precursors leads to various morphologies. Of special interest is the possibility to obtain, through collagen templating, silica fibres that are maintained after protein removal.
Meso-Ordered Silica Films Formed by Sugar-Based Surfactants
Authors: Lavrenèiè-Štangar Uraka , Puchberger Michael , Hüsing Nicola
Published: February 2017

Sugar-based amphiphilic molecules are used as templates in the sol-gel processing of thin silica films. The films are prepared relying on solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly during dip-coating in a humidity controlled chamber. Different surfactants, such as the commercially available alkyl glycosides (e.g. n-octyl β-D-glucopyranoside and n-dodecyl β-D-maltopyranoside), are compared with respect to their ability to cooperatively self-assemble in alcoholic silicate solutions. The larger polar headgroup (maltose) decreases the critical packing parameter and thus beneficially influences the formation of a favorable hexagonal phase over the lamellar phase, which is formed with the glucose-based surfactant. The inorganic-organic composite films show a strong influence on the humidity during their synthesis. For nonstructured films, ordering could be achieved by exposing the as-deposited films to a high humidity for several hours. The final material is characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen sorption and solid state NMR techniques.
Self-Organized Hybrid Solids
Authors: Moreau Joël J.E. , Vellutini Luc , Man Michel Wong Chi , Bied Catherine , Bantignies Jean-Louis , Dieudonné Philippe , Sauvajol Jean-Louis
Published: February 2017

A new method has been developed for the synthesis of shaped-controlled bridged silsesquioxanes by the acid hydrolysis of urea-derived silylated precursors. This method is based on the ability of the hydrogen bonds of the urea groups to organize the molecules in a supramolecular architecture and provides after hydrolysis a new access to hybrid materials with controlled morphologies. A chirality transcription from a molecular precursor to a hybrid solid has been achieved. A right- and a left-handed helices have been obtained respectively from the chiral (R,R)- and the (S,S)-enantiomers of the diureido derivatives of trans-diaminocyclohexane. In a related way, a long range ordered hybrid solid has been obtained. Long carbon chain as spacer between the urea groups of the precursor affords lamellar hybrid silicas.
Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations of Strain-Induced Nanopatterning on Hexagonal Surfaces
Authors: Larsson M.I. , Lee B. , Sabiryanov R. , Cho K. , Nix W. , Clemens B.M.
Published: February 2017

Guided self assembly of periodic arrays of quantum dots has recently emerged as an important research field not only to reduce component size and manufacturing cost but also to explore and apply quantum mechanical effects in novel nanodevices. The intention of this kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation study is to investigate self-organized nanopatterning on hexagonal surfaces for relaxed periodic surface strain fields applied to Pt(111) epitaxy. The KMC model is a full diffusion bond-counting model including nearest neighbor as well as second-nearest neighbor interactions with an event catalogue consisting of 8989 events modeling the effect of the biaxial surface strain field. The strain dependence of the fcc site and the saddle point for a Pt adatom migrating on top of the Pt(111) surface is calculated using the embedded atom method. Both the valley and the saddle point energies show an excellent linear dependence on the strain. These results are applied in the KMC model. The surface strain in this study is caused by a hexagonal network of dislocations at the interface between the substrate and a mismatched epitaxial layer. How the selforganization of deposited atoms is influenced by the surface strain will be addressed.
Base-Cataytic Properties of Solid Silicon Imidonitrides
Authors: Kroll Peter , Mertens Dirk
Published: February 2017

Structural models of silicon imidonitride (SiNH) solids are studied using density functional methods. The porous models have densities between 1.6 and 2.4 g/cm3 with pore sizes between 4.5 Å and 7.5 Å. The networks consist of Si-N and N-H bonds only, with N-H and N-H2 groups located at the internal surface. Calculated Raman spectra compare very well with experimental results. We observed proton transfer reactions from an inserted malononitrile molecule to the SiNH-host during Car-Parrinello molecular dynamic simulations. The proton affinity of porous silicon imidonitride structures is confirmed by an energy gain for the proton transfer reaction to both N-H and N-H2 groups.
Dimension and Damage Control in Sintering of Multilayer Powder Composites
Authors: Olevsky Eugene A. , Maximenko Andrey L. , Arterberry John H. , Tikare Veena
Published: February 2017

Sintering distortions of two and three-layer composite powder structures are determined based upon the continuum theory of sintering implemented in a finite element computer code. The macroscopic constitutive parameters of the powder material are obtained on the basis of the meso-scale simulations of a realistic grain-pore structure. The model follows both the densification and the damage development during sintering using a new fracture criterion for the prediction of macroscopic strength in sintering.
PENGAMATAN JENIS-JENIS IKAN DI PERAIRAN SUNGAI MUSI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Bahri Syamsul
Published: February 2017

Abstrak bisa dilihat di Lampiran
Uma leitura generificada da (re)inauguração de um fazer para mulheres: da Inglaterra ao Brasil
Authors: Fonseca Rosa Maria Godoy Serpa da
Published: February 2017

Trata-se de uma leitura generificada de Florence Nightingale de sua obra principal, "Notas sobre enfermagem: o que é e o que não é", livro que compila os princípios e elementos essenciais da enfermagem moderna, profissionalizada na Inglaterra da segunda metade do século XIX e a maneira como a profissão constituiuse no Brasil, explicitada principalmente na obra de Glete de Alcântara, "A enfermagem moderna como categoria profissional: obstáculos à sua expansão na sociedade brasileira", primeira tese produzida no país, defendida em 1963. Verifica-se que em ambas as situações, que as especificidades da profissão entrecruzam-se com as do mundo do trabalho feminino.
Percepção de gerentes sobre a assistência à saúde coletiva
Authors: Shimizu Helena Eri , Santos Erlita Rodrigues
Published: February 2017

Este estudo tem como objetivo conhecer a percepção de gestores e gerentes dos serviços de saúde sobre a assistência à saúde coletiva no contexto do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no Distrito Federal (DF). Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com gestores e gerentes da Regional Norte de Saúde do Distrito Federal. Conclui-se que a implantação dos princípios do SUS ainda é um desafio a ser enfrentado, tanto pela comunidade como pelos profissionais de saúde, que precisam unir esforços para encontrar estratégias que redirecionem a assistência à saúde coletiva.
Conhecimento e prática do auto-exame de mamas por enfermeiras
Authors: Brito Cleidiane Maria , Bezerra Francisca Maria , Nery Inez Sampaio
Published: February 2017

Estudo qualitativo, com onze enfermeiras especializandas de enfermagem obstétrica em Teresina-PI, cujos objetivos foram descrever o conhecimento e práticas destas sobre medidas de controle do câncer mamário e discutir a prática do auto-exame pelas enfermeiras. A técnica utilizada foi a do grupo focal. Os resultados mostram morte ou mutilações, seguidas pelo prognóstico ruim como as significações associadas ao câncer mamário. Como medidas de controle referiram hábitos saudáveis e realização de exames; destacando-se auto-exame; mamografia; ultra-sonografia; exame clínico, estático e dinâmico; e biópsia na confirmação da malignidade. Dentre as orientações dadas à clientela, destacaram-se o auto-exame, alimentação saudável, atividade física e abstenção de vícios. Conclui-se que estas profissionais não realizavam o auto-exame com freqüência, mas a maioria mantinha uma alimentação saudável.
O saber/fazer das parteiras na Maternidade Carmela Dutra de Florianópolis - SC (1967/1994)
Authors: Canassa Neli Silvia Andreazzi , Borenstein Miriam Süsskind , Brüggemann Odaléa Maria , Gregório Vitória Regina Petters
Published: February 2017

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem sócio-histórica que objetivou historicizar os saberes e fazeres das parteiras na Maternidade Carmela Dutra de Florianópolis-SC, no período de 1967 a 1994. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com quatro parteiras e categorizados com base na análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciaram que as parteiras adquiriram seu saber no cotidiano da prática e em curso regular realizado em outra maternidade da capital. Estes saberes oportunizaram realizar cuidados junto às mulheres durante o trabalho de parto, parto, no pós-parto e aos recém-nascidos. Esse cuidado era congruente com o modelo biomédico da época, e com as condutas e rotinas instituídas na maternidade estudada. Estas parteiras tiveram um papel fundamental no contexto da saúde catarinense.