bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on power configuration scheme of parallel hybrid oil-electric power system for tilt- rotor UAV
Authors: Xia Chuying , Fu Xin , Zhai Shijie
Published: June 2023

The tilt-rotor UAV is a new type of unmanned aerial vehicle that has both the hovering capability of a rotary-wing UAV and the high-speed cruising flight capability of a fixed- wing UAV. Through the tilting system of the UAV, different working states can be switched: during the take-off and landing phases, the rotor axis is perpendicular to the ground, thus realizing aerial hovering, forward and backward flight and side flight. In the cruise flight phase, the rotor axis is perpendicular to the flight direction, thus achieving the flight attitude of a fixed-wing aircraft. The hybrid power system is a composite power system that combines fuel power with electrical power. By applying the oil-electric hybrid power system on the tilt-rotor UAV, it can combine the advantages of long range and long range of fuel power and low noise and pollution of electric power. In this paper, the tilt-rotor UAV parallel oil-electric hybrid power system power configuration scheme is studied. Firstly, the three operating modes of the oil-electric hybrid power system are introduced, including hybrid drive, drive charging and pure oil drive. The power requirements of the tilt-rotor UAV in vertical takeoff and landing, fixed-wing cruise and other flight phases are calculated, and the correspondence between the UAV flight status and the hybrid power system operation mode is established according to the working characteristics of the tilt-rotor UAV and the hybrid power system operation mode. The power configuration method for each flight phase is finally determined, and the process of the overall power configuration realization of the threshold value is described in detail.
Analysis and test of the heat generation and suppression of hydro-pneumatic suspension
Authors: Gao X D , Chen X B , Wan Y Q , Nie W , Chen Y J , Pan L L
Published: June 2023

Hydro-pneumatic suspension is the important part of running system of vehicle, with wider working frequency band, frequent reciprocating motion and heavy impact load, whose important indicator is sealing performance. The heat generation law of hydro-pneumatic suspension is obtained under the sinusoidal excitation by calculating method, and the bench test of the temperature suppression is successfully achieved.
Path planning and search effectiveness of USV based on underwater target scattering model
Authors: Niu Y L , Mu Y , Zhang K , Zhang J J , Yang H H , Wang Y M
Published: June 2023

A multi-USV optimal path planning algorithm based on underwater target scattering model is proposed for the difficult problem of combining path planning and underwater target sonar search for Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV). The algorithm is based on the characteristics of multi-USV collaborative search problem, and then constructs the partition search model with improved k-means algorithm and the sub-region path planning algorithm model with improved particle swarm algorithm (PSO). And in order to be closer to the needs of the actual scenario, the target submarine dispersion model and the dipped sonar search model are constructed. Combined with the area partitioning algorithm module and the path planning algorithm module, it is applied to the effectiveness calculation of searching for submarine targets. Through simulation and comparison experiments, we verified the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed path planning algorithm in this paper.
Research on the measurement method of artillery recoil displacement based on acceleration integration
Authors: Dong Leiping , Luo Honge , Xia Yan
Published: June 2023

The measurement of artillery recoil displacement is investigated in this paper. Unlike most existing works in which optical measurements are susceptible to fire, smoke, and obstructions in the light propagation path, a measurement method based on acceleration integration is proposed in this paper. First, the recoil acceleration data is obtained by the acceleration sensor and data acquisition module, and then transmitted to the host computer for subsequent data processing. Then, the pre-processing methods including low-pass filter, effective data segment extraction, and cubic spline interpolation are utilized to handle the original recoil acceleration data. Afterward, the adaptive integration algorithm based on the Simpson method is proposed to integrate the pre-processed acceleration to obtain the recoil displacement, which improves the integration accuracy and reduces the amount of computation compared with other common integration methods. Finally, the performance of the proposed method used to measure the recoil displacement is verified through a simulation example and practical experiments.
Characteristic analysis and compensation of eddy current interference field of rotating projectile
Authors: Zhang Hao , Jia Fangxiu , Liu Xiaolin
Published: June 2023

The accurate measurement of the attitude of the ballistic correction projectile is the precondition for accurate correction. In order to solve the measurement accuracy problem of the strapdown-connected projectile magnetic sensor, the eddy current magnetic field is considered on the basis of the traditional error compensation model. A simplified mathematical model of the eddy current magnetic field of the pure rolling projectile was established, and the influence of the eddy current magnetic field interference on the magnetic measurement at different rotational speeds was simulated and analyzed. Aiming at the necessity of eddy current magnetic field compensation, a parameter estimation method of the non-independent attitude comprehensive compensation model based on Kalman filter algorithm is proposed. The normalized evaluation of the magnetic correction effect shows that the error of the parameter estimation result does not exceed 0.01%, and the magnetic measurement error after compensation converges to 0.19nT. The compensation effect is obvious and meets the laboratory magnetic measurement compensation requirements.
Research on TMR-FCN-based underwater projectile localization method
Authors: Hu Xi , Gu Jin-liang , Liu Jun-min , Wu Ming-yu
Published: June 2023

A machine learning localization method for underwater projectile using Tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the relation between the magnetic field intensity and the position of the projectile was built based on the magnetic dipole model. Then, the measurement model of TMR sensors was constructed to offer the voltage signal linearly correlated to the magnetic field intensity, and the network model based on the fully connected neural network (FCN) was established to approximate and regress the highly nonlinear mapping function between the magnetic field intensity (B) and the square of the distance from the projectile to the sensor (d2). Inspired by the Received Signal Strength (RSS) localization method, the least-square method was adopted to solve the actual coordinate of the projectile. Finally, to verify the localization accuracy of the proposed TMR-FCN-based method, the ballistic simulation was performed for providing the actual position of the projectile and the output of the TMR sensors, then the positioning operation was carried out by coupling the FCN model and the least-square method. The results demonstrate that the B-d2 model can fast compute the d2 within 8ms for the single given B and the overall mean accuracy is up to 99.15%. The localization distance error via the least-square method is lower than 0.5mm. These results indicate that the TMR-FCN-based localization method can achieve accurate localization for the underwater projectile and effectively overcome the tough problem of solving the high-dimensional nonlinear equations for B and d2.
Research on the Internal Relationship Between Dynamic and Static Combustion Laws of Propellant for a Large-caliber Artillery
Authors: Wenfang Zhu , Yuwei Wang , Wei Liu , Qi Liu , Hai Wang
Published: June 2023

In this paper, according to the closed bomb test results of the same formula and different batches of propellant, the static combustion law of the propellant is obtained. Combined with the results of the artillery firing test, the dynamic combustion law of the propellant is obtained through the internal ballistic simulation fitting. The relationship between the static and dynamic combustion laws of the same formula and different batches of propellants is obtained. Using the research results of this paper, for the new batch of propellant, the dynamic combustion law of the new batch of propellant can be determined according to the closed bomb test results. Combined with the internal relationship between the dynamic combustion law and the static combustion law in this paper, the internal ballistic performance prediction accuracy can be improved.
Design and numerical simulation of charge curve of focusing warhead
Authors: Wang Jin , Hu Die , Tang Yi-Lin , Zhang Yong , Ge Chao
Published: June 2023

In order to study the design method of the charge curve of focusing warhead, based on the Shapiro formula, the scattering angle model of the fragments in focusing warhead is established. The dispersion characteristics of fragment sites of focusing warhead such as the width of the focusing band are analysed, and the calculation method of fragments’ focusing area is proposed. Based on the assumption of normal distribution and the position relationship between the fragments’ configuration and hitting points, the design method of the charge curve of the focusing warhead is proposed. Based on Ansys numerical simulation platform, the numerical simulation research on the fragmentation dispersion process of focusing warhead is carried out. The results of numerical simulation are in good agreement with those of theoretical calculation.
Trajectory deflection of noncircular cross-section projectile penetrating into metal targets
Authors: Hu X Y , Qu K P , Han L , Xiao W
Published: June 2023

To analyze the trajectory deflection of a noncircular cross-section projectile penetrating into multiple metal targets, numerical simulations with different impact velocities, projectile tip height and charge geometry are conducted. The simulation model is established using the finite element software LS-DYNA and verified based on the experiment carried out by a single-stage light gas gun. The results show that the impact velocity significantly affects the trajectory deflection of noncircular cross-section projectile. Although the deflections may be different in direction, the magnitudes exhibit decreasing trends with the increasing impact velocity. Besides, the trajectory varies from downward deflection to upward deflection with the increase of projectile tip height, and changes significantly with the tip height ranging from 0.8mm to 1.1mm. Further, as the geometry profile of projectile remains unchanged, the ones with noncircular charge exhibit better ballistic stability as compared with the circular charge projectile. This is mainly related to the variation in projectile mass instead of the variation in moment of inertia.
Numerical modelling of heat transfer and simulation of a 5.56 mm rifle barrel
Authors: Loiola B R , Susantez Ç , Caldeira A B
Published: June 2023

Numerical simulations tend to be useful to have a deep knowledge of phenomena difficult to be observed. In this context, the heat transfer in a 5.56 mm rifle barrel was modelled, simulated and analysed, coupling the Baer-Frankle interior ballistics approach with one and two-dimensional unsteady heat diffusion numerical models. The heat transfer coefficient correlation was obtained using Sutherland approximation of diffusive transport coefficient and output data from PRODAS interior ballistics simulation software. The one-dimensional heat transfer model was solved in MATLAB® environment while the two-dimensional heat transfer model was solved in COMSOL Multiphysics and Simulation Software. The results were verified, providing discrepancies minor than 7% in relation to reference data.
The Study on Heat Treatment Microstructure and Properties of Extruded Al-Mg-Si-Mn-Cr-Zr Alloy
Authors: Cao Zhaoxun , Jungang Han , Liu Chen , Lei Li , Wang Jun , Song Yunkun , Xu Yongdong
Published: June 2023

In order to obtain a high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy with a tensile strength of more than 400MPa, a trace amount of Zr is added to the 6082 aluminum alloy to obtain an Al-1.0Mg-1.05Si-0.55Mn-0.15Cr-0.045Zr alloy. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the extruded Al-1.0Mg-1.05Si-0.55Mn-0.15Cr-0.045Zr alloy were studied by tensile performance test, metallography, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) observation and energy spectrum analysis. The results show that, after 545°C×2h+170°C×8h heat treatment, the alloy has the best mechanical properties. The tensile strength, yield strength and elongation at break reached 423MPa, 402MPa and 14%, respectively. The alloy strengthening mechanism is mainly due to the large number of dispersed needle-like β′ phases, sub-micron α-Al(MnCrFe)Si phases, α-Al(MnFe)Si phases and micron-level α-Al(MnCrFe)Si phases precipitated inside the grains and grain boundaries. The alloy precipitates sub-micron α-Al(MnCrFe)Si phase, α-Al(MnFe)Si phase and micron-level α-Al(MnCrFe)Si phase. After the alloy is treated at 545°C×2h+170°C×8h, a large number of dispersed needle-like β″ precipitations are uniformly precipitated in the inside the grains respectively. These precipitations can improve the strength of the material. The average grain size of the alloy is 7.41μm, and a bimodal grain structure composed of low-angle grain boundaries and high-angle grain boundaries is formed.
Design and research on pneumatic system of tire wheel hub matching machine
Authors: Lei Zhang , Keqin Chen , Dashun Zhang , Fu Zhang , Yue Fan , Chuanjie Tan
Published: June 2023

With the increasingly fierce competition in the automotive industry, the requirements for the automobile wheel hub assembly line weregetting higher and higher, and the matching machine has become an indispensable part of the assembly line. In this paper, the structure of pneumatic drive and servo drive was adopted by the tire wheel hub matching machine, which ensured the production rhythm and the matching accuracy requirements. According to the overall index requirements of the automatic matching machine,the pneumatic system schematic diagram was determined by the detailed research and comparison of the principle and system composition of the representative pneumatic circuit.
Analysis of the equilibrator moment during the artillery movement
Authors: Zhang Gaosheng , Han Chongwei , Li Changhong , Zhang Zhipeng
Published: June 2023

The artillery equilibrator is a device used to balance the gravity moment of the landing part on the trunnion. The analysis and design of the traditional equilibrator mainly considers the horizontal working state of the artillery. However, when the artillery is fighting during travel, the attitude of the vehicle will constantly change. When the artillery barrel is stably pointing at the target, the change of the attitude of the vehicle will cause the elevation angle of the barrel relative to the vehicle to change continuously, resulting in the constant change of the output torque of the equilibrator, which is very different from the horizontal work of the artillery. In this paper, the torque characteristics of the equilibrator during the artillery travel are theoretically analyzed, and the torque characteristics of the equilibrator are verified by simulation.
Damage effectiveness assessment of anti-ship torpedo based on evidential reasoning algorithm
Authors: Miao Run , Tan Bo , Wang Zhiwei , Yan Xuefei , Yao Tianle
Published: June 2023

The damage effectiveness assessment of anti-ship torpedo combines system science and weapon science, having important military research significance. In order to solve the difficulty of heterogeneous data aggregation, this paper constructs the anti-ship torpedo damage assessment criteria system and uses evidential reasoning method to assess the damage effectiveness. In order to solve the problem of incompleteness of criteria in damage effectiveness assessment process, the belief structure model is used to transform qualitative and quantitative information into a unified assessment structure, and then evidential reasoning is used to gradually aggregate the lower-level criteria of the assessment criteria system into upper-level criteria relevant to damage effectiveness. The result analysis shows that the process proposed in this paper can effectively assess the damage effectiveness of anti-ship torpedo, all criteria data are comparable, and the effect of each factor on the damage effectiveness is clearer.
Research on Influence of rotation velocity on projectile penetration ability
Authors: Wu X P , Wang L K , Chen Q
Published: June 2023

This paper takes the 35mm armor-piercing projectile as the research object, and uses the ANSYS LS-DYNA dynamic analysis platform to simulate the process of the projectile penetrating the armored steel plate under different rotation speeds by using the Johnson-Cook constitutive model. The research results show that the rotation speed has a certain influence on the penetration performance of the projectile: the rotation speed will have different effects on the contact stress of the projectile target in the later period of penetration, resulting in different penetration resistance of the projectile with different rotation speeds;the penetration ability of the projectile first decreased and then increased with the increase of the projectile rotation speed. This research has certain guiding significance for improving the interception efficiency of anti-air armored targets of terminal air defense and anti-missile equipment.
Analysis of the characteristics and its causes of adiabatic shear band produced in the failure process of gun barrel
Authors: Zhiwei Zhang , Fan Wang , Sufen Liu , Hongwei Zhou , Zhifei Yan , Qiang Wang , Geng Chen , Bo Fang , Fen Wang , Wenyuan Geng , Yang Zhang
Published: June 2023

In this paper, it’s studied that the characteristics and causes of the adiabatic shear band produced by the expansion and deformation of the barrel muzzle during the firing of shells. The results show that the failure property of the barrel during the launching process belongs to plastic distortion failure, and the adiabatic shear band produced in the failure process is caused by the abnormal contact and collision between the barrel and its internal components. It is easy to promote the generation of adiabatic shear band, when the material strength (hardness) is high, but the local strain is large.
Numerical simulation of human body injury mechanism under multi-angle shock wave
Authors: Geng Jing , Gu Yin , Wu Jialin , Yuan Mengqi
Published: June 2023

To study the human body injuries caused by blast waves, finite element models of the human chest composed of muscles, bones, and organs based on CT flat maps of adult males, are established in this study. Then a shock wave damage model which consists of explosives, air domain, and a human body is built to simulate the damage of 200 g TNT on human models at different distances (110, 160, and 200 cm). The maximum chest wall velocity is used as the injury criterion to study the damage to humans from different angles (0°, 45°, 75°, 90°) at the same distance. The results indicate that the damage to the human body caused by shock waves is associated with distance and angle. The worst injury occurs when the impact direction is normal to the human, while the lightest injury happens when the impact angle is 45 degrees, a 15 percent decrease from the worst. The response of each organ part is related to its mechanical properties, structure, and location. The results could provide a reference to the development of individual protection from shock waves.
Equalization technology of special vehicle power battery pack
Authors: Qiang He , Na Feng , Qingwei Dong , Duo Dai , JianYin Yuan
Published: June 2023

In special vehicles, single cells or battery packs often provide energy for the vehicle after being connected in series and parallel. However, due to the influence of the single battery production process and the use environment, inconsistencies may occur in the battery pack, resulting in a decline in the performance of the battery pack. Therefore, the battery balance management system has increasingly become an indispensable module in the battery management system. It can perform real-time balanced management of the battery pack according to the battery pack status information, thereby avoiding the expansion of inconsistency, improving the capacity utilization rate of the battery pack, slowing down the aging speed of the battery pack, and increasing the driving mileage of the vehicle. To sort out and summarize the current development of battery pack balancing system, based on a large number of references, this paper studies and analyzes the mechanism of inconsistency, the commonly used equalization topology and control strategy of lithium power battery pack. And finally, the development trend of battery pack equalization technology for special vehicles is prospected.
Edge detection ghost imaging using frequency-domain filtering
Authors: Zheng Bowen , Ji Pengcheng , Shi Yangyang , Yu Yuanjin
Published: June 2023

Ghost imaging is a novel imaging method, which enables imaging under harsh environments or quickly extracting image information. The advantage of Ghost imaging in edge detection is that it can directly obtain the edge information of an unknown target. We propose an edge detection method based on two dimensional (2D) discrete cosine transform (DCT) - frequency domain filtering ghost imaging (FDFGI). This method combines the frequency-domain filtering and anisotropic gradient operator to extract the edge information of the unknown object under the under-sampling rate. Compared with traditional methods, this method has a higher signal-to-noise ratio of image edge information extracted under Gaussian noise. It can even achieve edge information extraction under an extremely low sampling rate of about 1.12%.
Fire Control Arithmetic on MRSI of Electromagnetic Guns
Authors: Wang Yue , Wang Jun , Zhang Xianchun
Published: June 2023

In order to improve the firing density and damage efficiency of the electromagnetic gun, the control algorithm of multiple rounds simultaneous impact(MRSI) of the electromagnetic gun was established by controlling the initial velocity of projectile and the time interval of the projectile launch. Under the premise that the electromagnetic gun can effectively improve the strike density and damage efficiency, the allowable distance error and the allowable flight time error are set, the fourth-order Runge Kutta method is used to calculate the outer ballistic. According to Pareto genetic algorithm, the objective function, namely two allowable errors, is optimized to obtain the optimal solution of muzzle velocity and angle of multiple projectiles. The simulation verifies that the electromagnetic gun can achieve multiple rounds simultaneous impact in different ranges, and verifies the feasibility of the algorithm to achieve multiple rounds simultaneous impact, which is of great significance to improve the damage efficiency and fire density of the electromagnetic gun in the future.
Study on Optimization Design of Electromagnetic Loading liner
Authors: Dou J H , Lei J Y , Xue B , Jing Y D
Published: June 2023

Electromagnetic loading liner is a new way to obtain a jet, which utilizes the Lorentz force to collapse the liner. To form effective jet, the jet critical forming model of electromagnetic loading is established based on the traditional jet critical forming conditions and electromagnetic loading characteristics. Through dimensional analysis, control variable method and theoretical calculation, the upper and lower critical peak current distributions are obtained. Finally, the loading current of 1mm thick liner structure is optimized by the critical peak current distribution diagram. The jet forming of the liner under the optimized current loading is calculated through theoretical simulation. The whole liner forms a jet, and the jet velocity, kinetic energy and liner utilization are much improved, which verifies the reliability of the critical current distribution diagram.
Effect of Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) on Heat Response Performance of NiCr Micro-heater
Authors: Liu W , Zh Xie R , Wang X Y
Published: June 2023

The NiCr micro-heater is a key element of MEMS-based electro-explosive device (mEED), while electrostatic discharge (ESD) may excite the micro-heater accidentally. To discover mechanism that how the ESD excitations effect on heat response performance of NiCr micro-heater, electro-thermal conversion process was numerically modelled by using commercial software. Three different shapes of micro-heaters, including rectangular, V-shape and square ones, are designed, and a series of simulation models are built under ESD events of 25kV, 5000Ω, 500pF and 25kV, 500Ω, 150pF. Heat response performance of NiCr micro-heater with different shapes and sizes were numerically computed under the said ESD events and compared with. The critical safety value at which LTNR and copper azide would not be ignited accidentally were calculated according to the fitted formulas. Conclusions are that maximum temperature decreases exponentially with increase of width of rectangular micro-heater, decreases exponentially with increase of wm and α of V-shape micro-heater, and decreases exponentially with increase of length or width of square micro-heater. The ESD event of 25kV, 500Ω, 150pF is a more severe case for micro-heater than ESD event of 25kV, 5000Ω, 500pF. These results could supply critical data to guide the design of MEMS -based EED for ESD protection.
Electromagnetic modeling and multi-field coupling simulation for conductive rubber embedded in shells
Authors: Yao X , Liu X S , Li Z X , Zhu J M , Wang X G
Published: June 2023

Our living environment and the battlefield witness an increase in electromagnetic energy density due to the emergence of electronic electrical equipment, such as automobiles, communication devices, computers. To adapt to the environment and improve the electromagnetic compatibility of equipment, conductive rubber is increasingly being used in electrical equipment. However, due to the lack of simulation parameters and incomplete simulation methods, the current electromagnetic simulation of conductive rubber cannot meet the needs of supporting engineering applications. This paper presents the test results for the electromagnetic characteristics of a conductive rubber material, develops a simulation model of the material based on test data, and verifies the model through experiments in the real working environment. Results show that the simulation model is valid.
Multi-scale simulation methods of mechanical properties of organic ballistic fibers and their composites: a review
Authors: Jingli Xu , Shuhu Li , Haiyan Zang , Jianqin Zhang , Haiyun Zhang , Huazhen Wei , Danyong Wang , Yiwei Chen
Published: June 2023

The mechanical response behavior and multi-scale simulation methods of organic ballistic fibers were summarized in this paper, including aramid fibers, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, and their composites. Simulation methods are summarized, and the current common problems of multi-scale simulation methods are analyzed in the article. The author is convinced that the application of multi-scale simulation methods of organic fibers with core-skin structure can effectively predict the macroscopic mechanical properties of composite materials and explain the mechanism and mechanical behavior evolution.
Dynamic analysis of bullet in-bore motion coupled with barrel temperature field
Authors: Huang C L , Chen L , Xu H , Li Z X , Wu Z L
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a multi-physics field coupled finite element model for the motion of projectile in a hot barrel is proposed and validated by muzzle velocity test and barrel temperature test. The model includes heat transfer analysis, explicit dynamic analysis and investigates the in-bore motion of the projectile under different barrel temperature conditions. It is pointed out that, with the increase of barrel temperature, the radial displacement of the projectile centroid increases, the consistency of the radial velocity of the projectile centroid becomes worse, and the swing angle increases significantly. This work can contribute to further studies on anomalous dispersion mechanism and improvement of firing accuracy.
Study on prediction technology of mechanical properties of aramid fiber based on molecular scale
Authors: Gaoyingying  , Daiyong
Published: June 2023

aramid fiber is an organic fiber developed in the mid-s. it is the second generation of high-performance composite reinforcement after carbon fiber. Molecular simulation has unparalleled advantages in scientific research. It can simulate experimental conditions that cannot be achieved in reality. Molecular simulation can be used to control various internal and external conditions of the system, so as to investigate the influence of interested factors on various statistical properties of the model system. In this paper, the PPTA Fiber unit cell model or supercell model constructed according to the actual situation is used to calculate the mechanical property parameters of PPTA Fiber. The main mechanical property parameters calculated include stiffness matrix, flexibility matrix, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young’s modulus and sound velocity, Lame constant and stress-strain curve in uniaxial tension or compression.
Real-time Signal Processing of UWB Fuze Based On 1D-CNN Model
Authors: Luo Yao , Hou Jun , Shi Xiaoshan , Hao Shijun , Huang Zhonghua
Published: June 2023

The main source of the burst-height error of UWB fuze is the random error related to the fuze signal processing method. Therefore, the use of reliable algorithms to reduce the error as much as possible to avoid bursting early and misfire is very important to improve the burst-height precision of fuze. In this paper, taking the output of the fuze sampling and integrating circuit as the research object, a real-time signal processing method based on the 1D-CNN model is proposed. Simulation results show that the target recognition rate of the 1D-CNN algorithm is as high as 100%, with no bursting early or misfires, and the mean absolute time error is as low as 0.0202s. The burst-height error is effectively reduced.
Massively parallel numerical simulation of 3D shock wave propagation based on JASMIN framework
Authors: Liu N , Zhang P , Li K , Yu Y Q
Published: June 2023

An efficient massively parallel computing program for shock wave propagation named Shock3d is developed for shock wave damage mechanism in complex scenes. With the finite volume method, the program is built upon JASMIN (J parallel Adaptive Structured Mesh applications INfrastructure) and employs a component-based hierarchical organization structure. Using the patch-based core algorithm, Shock3d enables high parallel efficiency and strong parallel scalability with a parallel domain decomposition method and an image domain-based communication mode. It not only considers gravity, real gas effects, and boundaries in complex scenes, but also supports dynamic load balancing (DLB) and three-dimensional structured meshes and allows the parallel solution of hundreds of millions of mesh problems. Typical examples were used to verify the validity, parallelism, and high-resolution simulation results of the program developed. In the scalability test, where the propagation of shock waves through hundreds of millions of mesh elements was simulated on 300,000 CPU cores, the program delivered parallel efficiency of 60.84%.
Design of Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation System for Image-guided Missiles
Authors: Zhang Duo , Liu Manguo , Dong Guocai , Cheng Simin
Published: June 2023

This paper introduces a design method of a hardware-in-the-loop simulation system applied to a certain type of image-guided missile. By studying the characteristics of a certain type of image-guided missile, the working principle of the image-guidance system is analyzed, the mathematical simulation scheme and the hardware-in-the-loop simulation scheme are designed, and the working mechanism of RTX is analyzed. Established a real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation system based on RTX+Windows, analyzed the delay of the simulation computer, the simulated launch control computer, the flight motion simulator and the image simulator, and finally integrated the flight data and missed target amount of the hardware-in-the-loop simulation test, and obtained the hardware-in-the-loop simulation system meets the requirements.
Preparation and laser response of graphene oxide complexes for typical polynitramine energetic materials
Authors: Lu Feipeng , Han Ruishan , He Aifeng , Wang Yanlan , Zhang Fang , Li Shaoqun
Published: June 2023

The conflict between polynitramine energetic materials’ high energy density and its safety has been a challenge in its safe and efficient application. GO has been demonstrated to be promising materials for the regulation of energetic materials’ performance with various advanced preparation methods. However, the thermal-based performance of GO-based polynitramine energetic composites haven’t been deeply investigated. In this work, the GO@RDX and GO@CL-20 composites were obtained with the simple solvent evaporation method. GO-based polynitramine energetic composites’ structure was identified with SEM, PXRD, IR, and XPS, its thermal based performance was investigated with DSC, activation energy, and laser initiation system. This work could provide basis for the design of novel energetic composites with excellent comprehensive performance.
Experimental study on internal explosion of thermobaric explosives containing metastable intermolecular composite (MIC) materials
Authors: Yuanyuan Li , Yulei Niu , kun Li , Hai Nan
Published: June 2023

In order to study the influence of metastable intermolecular composite (MIC) materials on the internal implosion properties of thermobaric explosive, the calorimetric bomb and closed chamber were used to measure the detonation heat, quasi-static pressure and energy impulse of five explosive formulations containing different MIC materials. Compared with the traditional aluminized warm compressed explosives, the energy release characteristics and output characteristics were analyzed. The results show that the explosive formula containing MIC material has lower detonation heat value in air and vacuum than that containing traditional Al powder; The quasi-static pressure and energy impulse of the former are higher than those of the latter, indicating that MIC materials can improve the output energy of thermobaric explosives. The results can be used to guide the formulation design of thermobaric explosives.
Study on Mechanical Properties and Penetration Stability of DNAN Based Explosives Under Additive Effects
Authors: Jiang T , Feng C L , Wan L L , Miao F C , Zhou L , Zhu Y Z , Kang H , Wu X X
Published: June 2023

A series of mechanical experiments and penetration tests, for investigating the effects of additives, on DNAN-based explosives were carried out. At various strain rates, the data result that the stress-strain curves range 10−5s−1-102s−1, were obtained in mechanical experiments by the application of quasi-static and dynamic apparatus. Utilizing the visco-elastic Maxwell model which is calibrated with the experiment data,the dynamic behavior of the explosives could be simulated in penetration process. The results show that the peak stress and displacement of the explosive with binder 1# is smaller than those of the explosive with plasticizer 2# at the same positions. It indicates that the explosive with binder 1# undertake a less severe stress condition than the other, and the explosive with binder 1# may perform more stable. The conclusion of penetration tests which show that both of the additives stabilize the explosive are more effective, coincides with the simulation results.
Numerical simulation research on fragments formation of cylindrical cased charge based on SPH method
Authors: Li X L , Chen H X , Kou J F , Song Y D , Hu C , Huang H J , Gao D Y
Published: June 2023

In order to obtain the fracture and fragmentation of a cased charge under blast loading, the JWL equation of state of HMX-based PBX was fitted based on a cylinder test firstly, then the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was used to perform a simulation of cased charge under interior blast loading, in the meantime, an blast test of cased charge was conducted. The results show that the parameters of JWL equation of state and the simulation method were reasonably. The simulated fragments velocities and calculated results from empirical formula agreed well with each other, the maximum error did not exceed 9.5%. Under the direct loading of the detonation wave, the fragments velocities increased to more than 1000m/s immediately within 5us, and then the fragments were continuously accelerated by detonation products and shock wave until the fragments reached the maximum velocities in the later 250us. Eventually, the shape of expansion contour of the casing tended to be ellipsoid. The method and results can provide references for the power design of the fragment warhead, as well as the protection design against the fragments.
Predictive combining multiple variously hybridized low-dimensional nanocarbons in a single additive for nano-sized energetic materials performance enhancement
Authors: Lukin Alexander
Published: June 2023

We propose to uncover new opportunities for predictive nano-sized energetic materials performance enhancement through manipulating by vibrational interactions, energy exchange as well as heat transfer enhancement within the reaction zones at nanoscale. The combination of multiple carbon nanostructured materials with various hybridizations within a single substance can uncover new unique properties. Due to a recent fundamental discovery the collective atomic vibrations, called phonon waves, manifested in transition domains of multilayer nanostructures, incorporation of self-organized arrays of metastable nanostructures are capable controlling vibrational interactions and energy exchange within the reaction zones at nanoscale. For using this phenomenon, we propose predictive incorporation into the nano-sized energetic material composition of various carbon-based allotropes, used as catalytic nano-additives, combined with assembling them by the self-organized arrays of differently hybridized low-dimensional nanocarbon promoters. For predictive combining of multiple differently hybridized nanocarbons within a single substance we propose to use the energy-driven initiation of the allotropic phase transformations in nanocarbon promoters by concurrent electron and ion irradiation. For fine tuning the collective atomic vibrations, nanoarchitecture and functionality of the mentioned arrays of differently hybridized nanocarbon promoters we propose using combination of a set of techniques: concurrent electron and ion irradiation, using the surface acoustic waves combined with heteroatom doping along with application external electromagnetic fields and using the data-driven nanoscale manufacturing approach.
Design Method and Performance Study of Insensitive Bridge Wire
Authors: Chang Y K , Xu X , Zhao W J , Sun J , Zhang T , Li L , Wu R D
Published: June 2023

An insensitive “fishbone” bridge wire was designed by dividing the bridge wire into a heat collection zone and a heat dissipation zone, leading to the improved safety and reliability of initiating explosive devices. The surface temperature of the bridge wire was investigated by using finite element simulation. The performance of insensitive initiating explosive devices composed of bridge wire was analyzed by using resistance and ignition performance tests. The results show that the designed collector area of the bridge wire is the highest surface temperature during operation, initiating explosive devices consisting of insensitive “fishbone” bridge wires that meet the requirements of insensitivity.
Research on Integrated Parallel Reactions for the High Throughput Preparation Energetic Materials
Authors: Wang Qiuxiao , Tao Wang , Yifei Zhou , Gao Haixiang
Published: June 2023

The high-throughput automatic sample addition platform technology was applied to the large-scale sample addition, pretreatment, and high-throughput synthesis of simple compounds in many fields. With the introduction of material genome technology into the field of high energy energetic materials (HEDMs), the energetic materials genome (EMG) project is implemented. Completing different reaction types at the same time has become key to high-throughput synthesis of energetic materials. In this study, three common synthetic methods (nitration, oxidation and ion exchange reactions) were selected and successfully integrated on the high-throughput automatic sample addition platform. The parallel reactions could be used for preparing energetic materials. The method is viable for high-throughput synthesis of HEDMs. The method improves the efficiency, safety, labor costs compared to conventional methods, which is of great significance for accelerating the synthesis of HEDMs.
Study on the curing process and thermal performance of an RDX-based UV-cured combustible ordnance material
Authors: Li Manman , Hu Rui , Lu Honglin , Gao Yuchen , Wang Qionglin , Yang Weitao
Published: June 2023

RDX-based combustible ordnance material was prepared using a 3D printer, and the curing process of the UV-curing resin (acrylic resin) was tracked by infrared spectroscopy. The thermal decomposition characteristics of photocurable combustible materials were studied by DSC, and the non-isothermal method was used to study Kinetic parameters. Meanwhile, the delayed ignition time of UV-cured combustible materials at different temperatures were tested using a muffle furnace. Infrared spectroscopy test results show that the C=C bond conversion rate can reach to 81.7% when the acrylate resin is irradiated for 2 s. DSC test results show that the thermal decomposition peak temperature of the UV-curing combustible ordnance material is 235.9°C (at heating rate of 10°C/min), and the activation energy of the reaction is 129.93 kJ/mol. The critical explosion temperature and spontaneous temperature were 466.85K and 469.31K, respectively.
Effect of particle size on initial reaction temperature of Ti and Zr powders
Authors: Xie Y B , Yang Y S , Wang C T
Published: June 2023

In order to study the effect of particle size on the initial reaction temperature of reactive metal powders, thermogravimetric analysis- differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) experiments and hot plate combustion tests were performed on Zr and Ti powders with an average particle size of 13±2, 25±5, 48±3, 75±5, 150±10 μm. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results show that the initial reaction temperature of the metal powder with smaller particle size is lower. The heat flow rate and reaction rate are negatively correlated to the particle size. The hot plate combustion test shows that the initial reaction temperature of the metal powder increased with the increasing particle size. The heating rate also has a certain influence on the initial reaction temperature of the reactive metal powder. The initial reaction temperature is lower with a faster heating rate, for Ti and Zr particles of this study.
Simulation study on damage behaviour of partially filled fuel tank subjected to reactive core projectile impact
Authors: Xie Jian Wen , Shi Dong Fang , Liu Zhen Yang
Published: June 2023

Based on the structure of traditional small caliber APDS (Armor Piercing Discarding Sabot), a novel reactive core projectile (RCP) is proposed to improve the damage capability against fuel tank. The penetration processes of RCPs impacting partially filled fuel tanks with different penetration angles are investigated by numerical simulation, in which the Powder Burn model is adopted to describe the unique impact-induced delayed deflagration behaviour of reactive material. The simulation results show that, compared with the inert projectile, the RCP not only releases additional chemical energy during penetration process, but also increases the proportion of kinetic energy transferred to the surrounding fuel, resulting in the enhanced damage to fuel tank. Moreover, the damage effect of RCP is significantly influenced by the penetration angle, and a relatively small penetration angle is beneficial to improve the damage effect. The simulation results verify the time sequenced combined damage mechanism of kinetic energy and chemical energy of RCP, which provides a beneficial reference for the design of small caliber APDS.
Simulation study on the jet formation and penetration of aftereffect enhanced shaped charge
Authors: Zhang H Y , Bie H Y , Li P L , Xiang J Y , Zheng Y F
Published: June 2023

In order to reveal the aftereffect damage enhancement to armored targets, the jet formation of biconical Ti-Hf composite reactive liner shaped charge and the penetration behavior of steel target are studied by numerical simulation. The effects of cone angle, height ratio and standoff of biconical liner on jet formation and penetration performance were analyzed. The numerical simulation results show that the effective jet formed by the biconical Ti-Hf composite reactive liner shaped charge is more concentrated than that of the single-cone Ti liner shaped charge, and the maximum velocity in the head and the average velocity in the middle of the forerunning penetration jet are increased by about 23.5% and 13% compared with the single-cone Ti liner shaped charge. When the cone angle α=50° of Hf liner, with the increase of the cone angle β of the forerunning Ti liner, the velocity distribution of the composite reactive jet along the axial direction shows a gradual downward trend, and the maximum velocity of the following reactive projectile shows an upward trend; With the increase of the height ratio of the biconical composite reactive liner, the velocity distribution of the forerunning penetration jet along the axial direction gradually increases, and the maximum velocity of the following reactive projectile gradually decreases. When the cone angle α=50°, β=80° and the height ratio H
1:H
2=2:3 of the biconical composite reactive liner, the penetration depth increases with the increase of standoff, but when the standoff exceeds 3.0CD, its influence on the penetration depth is significantly weakened.
Bonding Technology of Silicon rubber protective materials
Authors: Zhang Yulong , Wang Siyu , Xiao Chuan , Zhang Zhiming , Li Zisen , Li Jilong , Li Hongzhou , Wang Lei , Bian Yong , Zhou Qiang
Published: June 2023

Silicone rubber (SR) materials play a crucial role in the field of mechanical impact protection technology. However, the adhesive stability between SR and various substrates in the actual application process is still a challenging task. The surface free energy of SR is about 19.9 mJ/m2, which can directly lead to fall off and peel off during the application process. In present study, a new type of bifunctional polyborosiloxane interfacial binder (BSiOVi) has been developed through a copolymerization method, resulting the firm bond between SR and epoxy resin (EP) and metal substrate. One end organic group of BSiOVi fixed to the surface of the substrate and the other end organic group act as initiator of the SR matrixpolymerization. The bonding strength macroscopically manifests as the cohesive failure of the silicone rubber protective material.