bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The optical properties and in-situ observational evidence for the formation of brown carbon in clouds
Authors: Guo Ziyong , Yang Yuxiang , Hu Xiaodong , Peng Xiaocong , Fu Yuzhen , Sun Wei , Zhang Guohua , Chen Duohong , Bi Xinhui , Wang Xinming , Peng Ping'an
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) makes a substantial
contribution to aerosol light absorption and thus global radiative
forcing. Although BrC may change the lifetime of the clouds and ultimately
affect precipitation, little is known regarding the optical properties and
formation of BrC in the clouds. In the present study, the light-absorption
properties of cloud droplet residual (cloud RES) were measured by coupled a
ground-based counterflow virtual impactor (GCVI) and an aethalometer
(AE-33), in addition to the cloud interstitial (cloud INT) and ambient
(cloud-free) particles by PM2.5 inlet-AE-33 at Mt. Tianjing (1690 m a.s.l.), a remote mountain site in southern China, from November to December 2020. Meanwhile, the light-absorption and fluorescence properties of
water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in the collected cloud water and
PM2.5 samples were also obtained, associated with the concentration of
water-soluble ions. The mean light-absorption coefficient (Abs370) of
the cloud RES, cloud INT, and cloud-free particles were 0.25 ± 0.15,
1.16 ± 1.14, and 1.47 ± 1.23 Mm−1, respectively. The
Abs365 of WSOC was 0.11 ± 0.08 Mm−1 in cloud water and 0.40 ± 0.31 Mm−1 in PM2.5, and the corresponding mass absorption
efficiency (MAE365) was 0.17 ± 0.07 and 0.31 ± 0.21 m2 g−1, respectively. A comparison of the
light-absorption coefficient between BrC in cloud RES and cloud INT particles, and WSOC
in cloud water and PM2.5 indicates a considerable contribution (48 %–75 %)
of water-insoluble BrC to total BrC light absorption. Secondary BrC
estimated by minimum R squared (MRS) method dominated the total BrC in cloud
RES (67 %–85 %), rather than in the cloud-free (11 %–16 %) and cloud INT
(9 %–23 %) particles. It may indicate the formation of secondary BrC during
cloud processing. Supporting evidence includes the enhanced WSOC and
dominant contribution of the secondary formation and biomass burning factor
(>80 %) to Abs365 in cloud water provided by positive
matrix factorization (PMF) analysis. In addition, we showed that the
light absorption of BrC in cloud water was closely related to humic-like
substances and tyrosine-like and/or protein-like substances (r>0.63, p<0.01), whereas only humic-like substances for PM2.5, as identified by
excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy.
Insights into the significant increase in ozone during COVID-19 in a typical urban city of China
Authors: Zhang Kun , Liu Zhiqiang , Zhang Xiaojuan , Li Qing , Jensen Andrew , Tan Wen , Huang Ling , Wang Yangjun , de Gouw Joost , Li Li
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The outbreak of COVID-19 promoted strict restrictions to human activities in
China, which led to a dramatic decrease in most air pollutant concentrations
(e.g., PM2.5, PM10, NOx, SO2 and CO). However, an obvious
increase in ozone (O3) concentrations was found during the lockdown
period in most urban areas of China. In this study, we conducted field
measurements targeting ozone and its key precursors by utilizing a novel
proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) in
Changzhou, which is representative of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) city
cluster of China. We further applied the integrated methodology including
machine learning, an observation-based model (OBM) and sensitivity analysis to
obtain insights into the reasons causing the obvious increase in ozone. Major
findings include the following: (1) by deweathered calculation, we found changes in
precursor emissions contributed 1.46 ppbv to the increase in the observed
O3 during the full-lockdown period in 2020, while meteorology
constrained 3.0 ppbv of O3 in the full-lockdown period of 2019. (2) By
using an OBM, we found that although a significant reduction in O3
precursors was observed during the full-lockdown period, the photochemical
formation of O3 was stronger than that during the pre-lockdown period.
(3) The NOx/VOC ratio dropped dramatically from 1.84 during
the pre-lockdown to 0.79 in the full-lockdown period, which switched O3
formation from a VOC-limited regime to the boundary of a NOx- and
VOC-limited regime. Additionally, box model results suggested that the
decrease in the NOx/VOC ratio during the full-lockdown period could increase
the mean O3 by 2.4 ppbv. Results of this study give insights into the
relationship between O3 and its precursors in urban area and
demonstrate reasons for the obvious increase in O3 in most urban
areas of China during the COVID-19 lockdown period. This study also
underlines the necessity of controlling anthropogenic oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs), alkenes and
aromatics in the sustained campaign of reducing O3 pollution in China.
The 1600 CE Huaynaputina eruption as a possible trigger for persistent cooling in the North Atlantic region
Authors: White Sam , Moreno-Chamarro Eduardo , Zanchettin Davide , Huhtamaa Heli , Degroot Dagomar , Stoffel Markus , Corona Christophe
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Paleoclimate reconstructions have identified a period of
exceptional summer and winter cooling in the North Atlantic region following
the eruption of the tropical volcano Huaynaputina (Peru) in 1600 CE. A
previous study based on numerical climate simulations has indicated a
potential mechanism for the persistent cooling in a slowdown of the North
Atlantic subpolar gyre (SPG) and consequent ocean–atmosphere feedbacks. To
examine whether this mechanism could have been triggered by the Huaynaputina eruption, this study compares the simulations used in the previous study both with and without volcanic forcing and this SPG shift to reconstructions
from annual proxies in natural archives and historical written records as
well as contemporary historical observations of relevant climate and
environmental conditions. These reconstructions and observations demonstrate
patterns of cooling and sea-ice expansion consistent with, but not
indicative of, an eruption trigger for the proposed SPG slowdown mechanism.
The results point to possible improvements in future model–data comparison
studies utilizing historical written records. Moreover, we consider
historical societal impacts and adaptations associated with the
reconstructed climatic and environmental anomalies.
Redefinition of beraunite, Fe3+6(PO4)4O(OH)4  ⋅  6H2O, and discreditation of the name eleonorite: a re-investigation of type material from the Hrbek Mine (Czech Republic)
Authors: Vrtiška Luboš , Tvrdý Jaromír , Plášil Jakub , Sejkora Jiří , Škoda Radek , Chukanov Nikita V. , Massanek Andreas , Filip Jan , Dolníček Zdeněk , Veselovský František
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Re-investigation of the type material of beraunite from
the Hrbek Mine, Svatá Dobrotivá, Czech Republic, proved the identity
of beraunite and eleonorite. Based on this study, the mineral eleonorite was
discredited, and the ideal formula of beraunite was redefined from
Fe2+Fe53+(PO4)4(OH)5 ⋅ 6H2O to
Fe63+(PO4)4O(OH)4 ⋅ 6H2O. Beraunite
from Hrbek Mine usually forms prismatic crystals flattened on
{100}; elongated along b axis, striated on
{100} || b, up to 0.2 × 0.5 × 3 mm, often in radial clusters up to 6 mm in size in
association with black goethite, olive-green to dark green dufrénite and
yellow to orange cacoxenite. Beraunite is hyacinth red, dark red, or
red-brown and has a light orange-red streak; crystals are translucent, with
a vitreous luster. The symmetry of the structure was found to be lower
(Cc) than reported in the past (C2/c); this has been proven by the crystal
structure refinement, Robs= 2.7 % for Cc and ∼ 8 %
for C2/m. Refined unit-cell parameters obtained from powder X-ray diffraction
data of the original material of Friedrich August Breithaupt are a=  20.653(2), b= 5.1433(6), c= 19.241(2) Å, β=93.560(9)∘, and V= 2039.9(2) Å3. Calculated density is 2.961 g cm−3. Beraunite is
optically biaxial (+), α= 1.768(2), β= 1.781(3),
γ>1.805, 2Vmeas= 69(4)∘,
and 2Vcalc is not possible to calculate. Dispersion of optical axes is
strong, r>v. The orientation is Y=b, X≈a, and Z≈c. Pleochroism is strong; Z (brown-red)
≫Y>X (both brownish yellow). The empirical formula of the
original beraunite sample calculated on the basis of P = 4
apfu is
(Fe5.763+Al0.15Zn0.01)5.92(PO4)4.00O0.99(OH)3.77 ⋅ 6H2O. The 57Fe Mössbauer spectrum of beraunite neotype
(National Museum, Prague) from type locality implies that all iron atoms in
beraunite structure are exclusively trivalent, located at the M site with
different next-nearest-neighbor configurations. There is no spectral
evidence for Fe2+ or iron in some impurities (e.g., limonite).
Mapping 10-m global impervious surface area (GISA-10m) using multi-source geospatial data
Authors: Huang Xin , Yang Jie , Wang Wenrui , Liu Zhengrong
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Artificial impervious surface area (ISA) documents human footprints. Accurate, timely, and detailed ISA datasets are therefore essential for global climate change and urban planning. However, due to the lack of sufficient training samples and operational mapping methods, global ISA mapping at 10-m resolution is still lacking. To this end, we proposed a global ISA mapping method leveraging multi-source geospatial data. Based on the existing satellite-derived ISA maps and the crowdsourcing OpenStreetMap (OSM), 58 million training samples were extracted via a series of temporal, spatial, spectral, and geometric rules. Combined with over 2.7 million Sentinel optical and radar images on the Google Earth Engine, we produced the 10 m global ISA dataset (GISA-10m). Based on the test samples that are independent to the training set, GISA-10m embraced an overall accuracy greater than 86 %. In addition, the GISA-10m was comprehensively compared with the existing global ISA datasets, and the superiority of GISA-10m was demonstrated. It was found that China and the United States embraced the largest ISA and road area. The global rural ISA was 2.2 times that of urban while rural road area was 1.5 times larger than that of urban region. The global road area accounted for 14.2 % of the global ISA, 57.9 % of which was located in the top ten countries. Generally, the produced GISA-10m dataset and the proposed sampling and mapping method are able to achieve rapid and efficient global mapping, and have potential for detecting other land covers. It was also indicated that global ISA mapping can be improved by incorporating refined OSM data. GISA-10m can be used as a fundamental parameter for Earth system science, and provide valuable support for of urban planning and water cycle study. The GSIA-10m can be freely downloaded from http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5791855 (Huang et al, 2021).
A chord-angle-based approach with expandable solution space to 1-degree-of-freedom (DOF) rehabilitation mechanism synthesis
Authors: Wei Wei , Shu Xin , Chen Peng , Li Xiangyun
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Rehabilitation robots have been proven to be an effective
tool for patient motor recovery in clinical medicine. Recently, few degrees of freedom (DOFs), especially 1-DOF, rehabilitation robots have drawn increasing attention as
the complexity and cost of the control system would be significantly
reduced. In this paper, the mechanism synthesis problem of 1-DOF rehabilitation robots is studied. Traditional synthesis methods usually aim at minimizing
the trajectory error to generate a mathematically optimal solution, which
may not be a practically feasible solution in terms of engineering
constraints. Therefore, we propose a novel mechanism synthesis approach
based on chord angle descriptor (CAD) and error tolerance expansion to
generate a pool of mechanism solutions from which mathematically and
practically optimal solutions can be selected. CAD is utilized for its
capability to represent the same-shaped trajectories of different mechanisms
in a unified way, and it is robust to the noise in the rehabilitation
trajectory acquired by motion capture systems. Then a library of mechanism
trajectories is established with compressed representations of CAD via an
auto-encoder algorithm to speed up the matching between mechanism and
rehabilitation trajectory where the matching error tolerance can be adjusted
according to practical rehabilitation specifications. Finally, a design
example of a 1-DOF rehabilitation robot for upper-limb training is provided
to demonstrate the efficacy of our novel approach.
Tropical cyclone storm surge probabilities for the east coast of the United States: a cyclone-based perspective
Authors: Towey Katherine L. , Booth James F. , Rodriguez Enriquez Alejandra , Wahl Thomas
Published: April 2022

Abstract. To improve our understanding of the influence of tropical
cyclones (TCs) on coastal flooding, the relationships between storm surge
and TC characteristics are analyzed for 12 sites along the east coast of the
United States. This analysis offers a unique perspective by first examining
the relationship between the characteristics of TCs and their resulting
storm surge and then determining the probabilities of storm surge associated
with TCs based on exceeding certain TC characteristic thresholds. Using
observational data, the statistical dependencies of storm surge on TCs are
examined for these characteristics: TC proximity, intensity, path angle, and
propagation speed, by applying both exponential and linear fits to the data.
At each tide gauge along the east coast of the United States, storm surge is
influenced differently by these TC characteristics, with some locations more
strongly influenced by TC intensity and others by TC proximity. The
correlation for individual and combined TC characteristics increases when
conditional sorting is applied to isolate strong TCs close to a location.
The probabilities of TCs generating surge exceeding specific return levels
(RLs) are then analyzed for TCs passing within 500 km of a tide gauge, where
between 6 % and 28 % of TCs were found to cause surge exceeding the
1-year RL. If only the closest and strongest TCs are considered, the
percentage of TCs that generate surge exceeding the 1-year RL is between 30 % and 70 % at sites north of Sewell's Point, VA, and over 65 % at
almost all sites south of Charleston, SC. When examining storm surge
produced by TCs, single-variable regression provides a good fit, while
multi-variable regression improves the fit, particularly when focusing on TC
proximity and intensity, which are, probabilistically, the two most
influential TC characteristics on storm surge.
Brief communication: An approximately 50 Mm3 ice-rock avalanche on 22 March 2021 in the Sedongpu valley, southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhao Chuanxi , Yang Wei , Westoby Matthew , An Baosheng , Wu Guangjian , Wang Weicai , Wang Zhongyan , Wang Yongjie , Dunning Stuart
Published: April 2022

Abstract. On 22 March 2021, an approximately 50 Mm3 ice-rock
avalanche occurred from 6500 m a.s.l. in the Sedongpu basin, southeastern
Tibet. The avalanche transformed into a highly mobile mass flow which
temporarily blocked the Yarlung Tsangpo river. The avalanche flow lasted
∼ 5 min and produced substantial geomorphological
reworking. This event, and previous ones from the basin, occurred
concurrently with, or shortly after, positive seasonal air temperature
anomalies. The occurrence of future large mass flows from the basin cannot
be ruled out, and their impacts must be carefully considered given
implications for sustainable hydropower and associated socioeconomic
development in the region.
Գնաճը՝ «ճիշտ ժամանակի՞ն»։ Սպասելի, բայց չկանխատեսված գնաճի քրոնիկոնը և դրա Հայաստանյան արտացոլանքը / Was Inflation at the «Right Time»? Expected but Unpredicted Inflation and its Armenian Reflection
Authors: KARAPETYAN Narek
Published: April 2022

After the deep recession of 2020, the recovery of the global economy in 2021 is progressing within a high inflation environment. And despite the unprecedented increase of money supply and disruptions in productive capacity during 2020 in the advanced economies (which, following the basic principles of economics, are inflationary in their nature), the acceleration of inflation was totally unpredicted.
Moreover, even during its acceleration, the central banks of advanced economies were considering it to be transitionary, simply waiting for it to neutralize by itself. As a result, the inflationary pressures were transmitted to the Armenian economy, bringing almost a 10 percent increase in consumer prices and a 17 percent increase in food prices. Meanwhile, the advanced economies needed an «unpredicted» inflation exactly like this – to inflate away the increase of debt during 2020. And it came at the right time.
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FEATURES OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
ASSOCIATED WITH LUNG CANCER
Authors: Filippenko Y. , Amankulov Zh. , Zholdybay Zh. , Zhakenova Zh. , Panina A. , Kasenova S.
Published: April 2022

Relevance: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) associated with lung cancer is common in smoking patients. Computed tomography (CT) is vital in detecting lung cancer, assessing regional lung parenchymal destruction, and airway remodeling in COPD.
ДИАГНОСТИКА
40 Онкология и радиология Казахстана, №1 (63) 2022
The study aimed to determine the CT features of COPD associated with lung cancer.
Methods: This retrospective study included chest CT exams of 56 patients over the age of 40, with a smoking history of 10 years and more and
with suspected COPD. 46.43% of patients had CT signs of lung cancer associated with COPD.
Results: Barrel-shaped chest (19.23%), saber-sheath trachea (7.69%), and bronchiectasis (15.38%) were less common in patients with lung
cancer. Paraseptal and centrilobular emphysema were diagnosed in 96.15%, bullae – 73.33%. Bronchial narrowing of the lumen and wall thickening were identified for all lobar bronchus, segmental bronchus, and subsegmental bronchus.
Conclusion: Paraseptal and centrilobular emphysema and bullae in the upper lobes of lungs were predominant CT features in patients with
COPD associated with lung cancer. Lumen narrowing and wall thickening of lobar bronchus, segmental bronchus, and subsegmental bronchus
were also revealed.
EXPERIENCE IN CORRECTING POST-RADIATION STRICTURE
OF THE URETER BY THE VERMIX:
A CLINICAL CASE
Authors: Tabynbaev N. , Kurmanov T. , Digay A. , Mugalbekov Sh. , Mukazhanov A. , Zhanybyrbekuly U. , Mustafinov D.
Published: April 2022

Relevance: Restoration of ureteral patency in patients with extended defects is one of the most challenging problems in urology. Post-radiation
strictures and iatrogenic injuries of the ureter during surgical interventions on the small pelvis and abdominal cavity organs are quite common in
urological practice. In cases where it is impossible to restore the ureter with the help of one’s own tissues or the bladder, one of the possible interventions is the use of the appendix due to the similarity in the wall’s structure and peristaltic ability.
The article aimed to describe the technique of appendicoureteroplasty for post-radiation ureteral strictures.
Methods: The article describes a clinical case of a surgical intervention to replace a part of the right ureter in a patient with an extended
ureteral defect at the clinic of the National Research Cancer Center (Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan).
Results: The article presents the results of surgical treatment of a patient with extended post-radiation stricture of the ureter using the appendix
on the mesentery. The effectiveness of restoring the urodynamics of the upper urinary tract has been shown.
Conclusions: The obtained data shows that replacing the ureter with the vermix reduces the risk of hydronephrosis and improves the kidneys’
incretory and excretory functions
A Conceptual Learning Design in Virtual Reality–The Cognitive VR Classroom for Education After the Pandemic Era
Authors:   Trinity College Dublin, School of Education College Green, Wang Xining , Hodgers Catriona ,   Trinity College Dublin, School of Education College Green, McGuckin Conor ,   Trinity College Dublin, School of Education College Green, Lv Jiayin ,   Sichuan University of Media and Communication
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has created extraordinary global crises and unprecedented disruption to education. The current situation has become changeable and unpredictable, which may lead to chronic cognitive issues for students who have no access to education. At the same time, the use of virtual reality (VR) technology has emerged as a powerful instrument for re-thinking and enhancing the current educational patterns during the post- pandemic era. However, although ample reviews have summarized developments in VR and education, few studies have synthesized these findings into an integrated learning design. In response to this insufficiency, this study discusses potential solutions for current educational challenges and presents a novel design – the cognitive VR classroom. It is a conceptual design that could enable students to access rich learning resources within an immersive VR system. The design of the cognitive VR Classroom is based on the amalgamation of brain- based learning theory (BBL) and the cognitive-affective model of immersive learning (CAMIL). Further, six extended dimensions of classroom learning were developed to structure the cognitive VR classroom. To examine their validity, a correlation analysis was conducted to present the correlation coefficient and the strength of the association. The result shows that the cognitive VR classroom is a promising theoretical framework to facilitate educational diversity and a powerful model to develop smart classroom learning. KEYWORDS: The Covid-19 Pandemic, Virtual Reality, Cognitive Education, Classroom Learning
Cyberculture in Teacher Education: A Southern Brazilian Experience in Integrating Digital Culture Across and Beyond Curriculum
Authors:   Unijuí, Brazil, Kurtz da Silva Fabiana Diniz , de Oliveira Anderson Amaral ,   Unijuí, Brazil, Pereira Josei Fernandes ,   Unijuí, Brazil
Published: April 2022

Abstract Complexity inherent to educational innovation must be aligned with structural changes on information and communication technologies (ICT) to accommodate intellectual and critical thinking development. Based on that scenario, the authors understand that not only ICT must be part of the educational sphere, but also the digital culture itself should be included in pedagogical concepts and practices. The teacher’s role and the ability to respond to unpredictable situations in everyday educational situations depend on ICT integration. This study proposes a two-pronged experience report to articulate how digital culture, or cyberculture, has been introduced and implemented throughout teacher education courses at a Brazilian university, as well as how education itself might be influenced by ICT in post- pandemic scenarios in Brazil. Two-decades of experiences reported from Letters and History undergraduate courses within UNIJUI, a southern-Brazilian university, evidence the importance of involving digital technologies in teaching and learning processes not only within one discipline but also across and beyond curriculum. The current work on Traças Digitais (Digital Bookworms) and App Go allows the authors access to updated information on Brazilian teaching teachers’ education context. Results suggest that teacher education requires knowledge built over time, new methodologies raised, and countless activities developed. Teacher education also requires a blend of human and technological education to comprehend the contemporary challenges. Curricular Hybricity, ICT uses, and multimodal learning are set ups for further studies and research. Keywords: cyberculture, teacher education, Brazil education, curriculum
Dreams and Prophecy: The Mantic Interpretation on Psychotherapy
Authors:   University of Milano-Biccoca, Italy, Vaz Marisa Monteiro
Published: April 2022

Abstract The mantic and prophetic dream interpretation is an ancient practice that has been applied in different contexts and at different historical times. With Freud's psychoanalytic proposal to interpret patients' dreams, the meaning of dream content and experience becomes a central element of the psychotherapeutic process. Freud obviously had an enormous cultural knowledge of ancient texts and ancient practices. The incubation technique in Freud's psychotherapeutic proposal was considered an innovative psychological strategy for understanding the patient's thoughts and feelings, but little attention was paid to the mantic quality that had distinguished the incubation process and dream interpretation for many centuries and across several civilizations. In recent decades, the mantic meaning of dreams has been considered useful within the ethnopsychiatric approach to restore the patient's ability to develop a new perspective in relation to a traumatic situation. In this article I will try to explain the use of mantic dream interpretation during the psychotherapeutic process. KEYWORDS: mantic dreams; prophecy; psychotherapy; ethnopsychiatry; dream- interpretation; trauma
Exploring Mind and Soul of Social Character: Dialectic Psychodynamics of Economism and Humanism in Society, Organizations, and Individuals
Authors:   University of Innsbruck, Austria, Hornung Severin , Höge Thomas ,   University of Innsbruck, Austria
Published: April 2022

Abstract Building on and extending previous theorizing, this contribution draws on the critique of neoliberal ideology in conjunction with radical humanism to deconstruct the ambivalent normative foundations of applied psychology and related fields of social science. Presented is a systemically embedded and integrated dialectic and dynamic model of ideological undercurrents shaping the political-economic, social-institutional, and psychodynamic structures of society, organizations, and individuals. Integrating dialectic antipodes of genuine ideas versus interest-guided ideology with social character theory, neoliberal economistic doctrines and antithetical humanist philosophical concepts are contrasted as opposing political, social, and psychological or “fantasmatic” logics. Based on psychoanalytic theory, neoliberal fantasies of success, superiority, and submission are derived from these and positioned against humanist consciousness of evolution, equality, and empowerment. This normative fabric of advanced capitalist societies is interpreted with reference to the conference theme as the mind and soul of social character. Economistic psychodynamics are linked to social alienation, humanist antipodes to psychological fulfilment. Personal meaning is introduced as a meta-dimension of existential alienation, respectively, wellbeing. Stressing the fundamental unity of insights regarding external and internal realities, complementarity of denaturalization and critique of societal ideologies with critical self-reflection and personal development is recommended. In this sense, the presented analysis aspires to contribute to clearing the mind and strengthening the soul by cultivating radical humanist philosophy versus neoliberal economistic rationality. KEYWORDS: Neoliberal ideology, radical humanism, dialectic analysis, psychodynamics, social critique, ethical issues
Road to Damascus: A Narrative Inquiry on Transformation Stories of Formerly Convicted Notorious Criminals Adhering to Christian Faith
Authors:   National University Laguna, Philippines, Flores Patricia Andrea S. , Malapo Marjualita Theresa T. ,   National University Laguna, Philippines
Published: April 2022

Abstract Serial killers, rapists, terrorists, and other notorious criminals are often labeled "criminals forever." Recovery for this group is unusual, according to post-positivist studies. However, positive spiritual psychology says differently. In Christian theology, Saul, a notorious mass murderer, went to Damascus and became Paul, a righteous man. Hence, this study unraveled the breakthrough stories of real-life Pauls, or formerly convicted notorious criminals before, during, and after adhering to the Christian faith. Through narrative inquiry, ten purposively selected samples were assessed through Psychology's triad of affect, behavior, and cognitions (ABC). Thematic analysis revealed that participants were chronic malefactors with vile and remorseless compulsions for victimization before adhering to the Christian faith. Egotistical convictions drove their actions. Uniformly, a similar epiphany occurred through their spiritual encounters with the Divine. From then on, they insouciantly live with rectitude, compassion, and selfless credo, which is deemed undoable with their willpower but doable with God's might. The revolutionary study reveals that individuals repented, resisted compulsions, repaired harms, and recovered right after being changed, contrary to nonlinear relapses of recidivists. The study highlights the penumbra that "change can happen even to the worst of the wicked." No matter how notorious one can be, the power of spirituality can transcend beyond human understanding onward the inner workings of the mind, body, and spirit. Based on these results, the research suggests studying Quantum Change, an underutilized concept in psychology. Still, it has been linked to effective holistic transformations. KEYWORDS: Transformation, Quantum change, epiphany, notorious criminals, divine, spirituality
Self-Compassion and Post-Traumatic Growth for Post-Traumatic Stress
Authors:   Webster University, Thailand, Costanzo Heather
Published: April 2022

Abstract Self-compassion and Post-Traumatic Growth seem to be inextricably linked. An exploration of the relationship between the two might lend to strategies that potentially could maximize rapid Post-Traumatic Growth after trauma. Consequently, Post-Traumatic Stress, as it is a transitive and transitionary state of the psyche in which the self exists in fragmentation, may benefit from Compassion Focused Therapy as an effective form of early therapy after traumatic experiences. Most centrally, this paper investigates self-compassion’s role in Post- Traumatic Growth focusing on ongoing favorable inner dialogue and self-talk—prospective personal extensions of Compassion Focused Therapy—with habituation likely an important outcome for those who are affected by Post-Traumatic Stress. The discussion encompasses how to utilize self-compassion in one’s personal life and professional practice. Limitations, implications for individuals and professionals, and future research directions are broached. Keywords: Self-compassion, post-traumatic growth, post-traumatic stress
Literature As a Mean of Self-knowledge, Liberation, and Feminine Empowerment: The Legacy of Clarice Lispector
Authors:   UNIJUÍ, Brazil, Trein Fernanda , Possani Taíse Neves ,   UNIJUÍ, Brazil
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Access to books and literature is, above all, a human right. The acts of reading, creating, and fictionalizing are in themselves, acts of power. Accordingly, literature is a well-respected necessity in society; therefore, a universal human need. Thus, denying women the right to literature is also a form of violation. In this presentation, the author aims to reflect not only on literature by female authors but also its importance in the process of constructing women's subjectivity and identity, whether in reading fiction or in its production. To reflect on women's right to read and write literature, as well as their way of expressing their perception, anxieties, and ways of understanding the world, this presentation proposes a literary analysis of texts by the Brazilian writer Clarice Lispector. Her works evidence the potential of bringing light to the processes of self-knowledge and freedom. These processes can be ignited because these texts can trigger the process of self-awareness and can then generate female empowerment. By reading Clarice Lispector's writing, it remains clear that she reveals human dramas specific to the female universe, as she opens up possibilities for readers to know themselves as women and to project themselves as producers of literature. It would seem that these realities are founded worlds and realities apart from those that dominated male perceptions during the 1950s to 1970s when she was writing; however, many of those predominant male perceptions prevail in today’s contemporary society. Keywords: Women's Writing; Reception; Self knowledge; Clarice Lispector; Empowerment.
Women’s Education and Empowerment: Evidence from a Reform in Kenya
Authors:   Osaka University, Japan, Nguyen Phung Hang Thu , Nthenya Nahashon Nzioka ,   Osaka University, Japan
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT This article examines the causal effects of education on women empowerment, focusing on women born between 1950 and 1980 in six waves of Kenya Demographic Health Survey (KDHS) data, who were likely exposed to 1985 education policy change in Kenya. The study employs this new structuring educational system as an instrument and reported the results using reduced-form due to high repetition rate and late enrolment at that time. The findings indicate that being exposed to the new education system yields positive impact on women empowerment. Specifically, being exposed to the 8-4-4 regime, women delayed their age at first birth by approximately 0.564 years, the female genital mutilation (FGM) practice on their eldest daughters declined by 3.51%, sexual domestic violence reduced by 6.47% and their decision-making index was enhanced by 0.067 point. We also conduct some robustness checks and placebo test, and the findings are robust. We provide some potential mechanisms that experiencing the new 8-4-4 system empowers women:1) exposure to information, 2) husbands/partners’ characteristics, and 3) labour market outcome. KEYWORDS: KDHS, education, women empowerment, Kenya, gende
Lettere
Authors:   Medico e Bambino
Published: April 2022

Pubblicata la Linea Guida sulla gestione dei Disturbi Specifici dell’Apprendimento - Screening della celiachia e la diagnosi al Bar Sport - La Pediatria di famiglia - I bambini della felicità - Accogliere: un’azione attiva
The pattern of association between histopathological vs clinical and radiological findings of lung cancer biopsy in patients of lung cancer
Authors: Hamdani Syed Naeem Raza , Anwar Ayesha , Khan Faiza , Ghumman Nasim Aslam , Bashir Farukh , Mubeen Amna
Published: April 2022

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most deadly tumours known. It is accurately found by many radiographic testing methods occasionally initiated for an unrelated ailment. In light of new histology guided therapeutic modalities and lung cancer genetic categorization, histological characterisation of lung cancer has risen in prominence. Aim: To link histology findings with clinical and radiographic features. Methods: This prospective investigation followed 40 patients with suspected lung cancer for a year, looking at clinical, radiological, and histological features. The research covered a clinical history, smoking habits, full physical examination of the respiratory system, chest roentgenogram, computed tomography of the thorax, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and others. Results: Patients were aged 56.7 years with 80.2% male and 19.8% female. The most frequent symptom was cough 84.6%. Lesion 85.5% followed by collapse consolidation 35.26% were the most frequent radiological results. Squamous cell carcinoma most typically showed as a hilar mass 54.4%, adenocarcinoma as a peripheral mass 67.4%. Squamous cell carcinoma 48% was the most frequent form, followed by small cell carcinoma 13% and adenocarcinoma 2.98% . Conclusion: In order to confirm a clinical or radiological diagnosis of lung cancer, endobronchial lung biopsy and histopathology are both extremely necessary tests to do. Keywords: Lung Cancer, Radiological Patterns, Histopathological Types
Risk factors assessment of suicide cases in Punjab Pakistan & medico legal frame work shortcomings in Pakistan related to psychological autopsy -a case control psychological autopsy study
Authors: Ali Nadir , Ashraf Muhammad Faheem , Farid Noreen , Hashmi Abdul Mannan , Khattak M. Asghar , Nishat Mufassar
Published: April 2022

Background: Psychological autopsy in Forensic Medicine context deals with the study of medico legal factors which affected victim to commit suicide. This area of Forensic Medicine is usually rarely addressed in research all over the world and especially in the Pakistan. This study is a case control study to look for the factors and their affiliation to medicolegal frame work shortcomings in Pakistan especially related to psychological autopsy. Aim: To assess different psychological factors which has influenced the victims to commit suicide and compared with the controls who were usually next of kin of these victims. Methods: A case control autopsy study was designed to investigate the factors resultant of psychological autopsy of 100 cases in four districts (Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan & Sargodha) of Punjab , Pakistan occurring during the year 2018 to 2021. We conducted the semi structured interviews with nearly 100 living controls from the next of kin of these victims of suicide. Also a questionnaire circulated to health professional related to medicolegal shortcoming related to psychological autopsy in Punjab. Results: Stresses related to personal and social life, psychiatric illness, domestic issues of marriages and poverty were the main reasons behind all these cases. There is need of implementation of reforms in our medico legal system for arrangements of qualified personals to conduct the psychological autopsy. Conclusions: For proper assessment of risk factors, causes and precipitants of suicidal cases, a proper psychological autopsy is very important in our criminal justice system. For awareness related to mental disorders and psychiatric illness, there is need of mass campaigns to avoid suicidal deaths in community. Keywords: Psychological autopsy, Risk factors, Suicide, Psychological disorders
Hypothyroidism and its relationship to cholesterol levels in premenopausal women: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mudassar Sahar , Ali Mudassar , Mahmood Faheem , Bashir Farukh , Ahmed Shoaib , Mubeen Amna , Shaukat Amal
Published: April 2022

Background: A brief overview of the disease: Thyroid dysfunction is a common premenopausal ailment characterized by subtle signs and symptoms that may go unnoticed for a lengthy period of time. Female hypothyroidism is common in the older population. In patients with SCH, primary hypothyroidism is a prevalent consequence. Aim: To determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and the associated clinical symptoms in premenopausal women who attended gynecology outpatient appointments. Methods: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and its associated clinical symptoms in premenopausal women who were seen as outpatients in gynecology. The participants in this research ranged in age from 42 to 52 years. Thyroid function and blood cholesterol were measured in all of the SCH patients using an ELISA assay. Results: Seventy women between the ages of 42 and 52 participated in the research. Patients with menorrhagia accounted for 56% of all cases of menstrual disturbance in the study population. Women who experienced oligomenorrhea, a premenopausal symptom, accounted for 40% of the total. Thyroid impairment was shown to be associated with irregular menstruation (80% of cases) and weight gain (80 %). irritability and mood fluctuations (59 %) are common (70 %) Anxiety and depression are the most prevalent symptoms (58 %), followed by the loss of one's job. astonishment (6 % ) TSH levels were elevated in SCHs, while free T3 and T4 levels remained normal. There were 17 with SCH, 4 with hypothyroidism, and 49 with normal thyroid function. Seventy percent of individuals with SCH had hypercholesterolemia. Conclusion: Our findings encourage regular screening of premenopausal women, regardless of whether or not they are experiencing symptoms. Early detection and treatment of issues can help to avoid difficulties. Keywords: Thyroid dysfunction, premenopausal ailment, hypothoridism
Attitude, Knowledge and Practice of Contraceptive Methods in Rural Areas
Authors: Rasul Noreen , Afzal Sidra , Ijaz Sara
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Promotion of family planning has been shown to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality and promotes women empowerment. Contraception is regarded as an important preventive measure against unintended pregnancies. Although contraceptive methods are freely available in Family Planning centers, the utilization is low. Aims And Objectives: To assess the attitude, knowledge and practice of contraceptive methods in rural areas Material and Method: The study was carried in Pak Rd Crescent Medical and Dental College, Dinanath. Duration was 6 months from 1 July 2021 till 31 December 2021. It was a descriptive study. Sample size was 1200. Postoperative patients including caesarean section and spontaneous vaginal delivery and patients coming in outpatient department including antenatal and patients with gynecological problems were included. The women were interviewed regarding knowledge of contraceptive methods and choice to decide these methods. Most of them had knowledge but less number of women agreed to decide family planning method. Results: Usually women who gave interview were between age 31 to 40 years 37.6% and21 to 30 years 33.1%. Maximum parity 2 -4 were 47.1% and P 5 and above were 44.7%. 69.3% of them were illiterate. 86.4% women had knowledge of IUCD, 91.8% regarding COCP and 91.1% about injectable contraceptives.95.6% knew about male condoms. For the practice of contraceptive methods, maximum demand was of male condoms 13.8%, COCP 9.5%, IUCD 4% and injectables 4.6%. The reasons for not practicing family methods were husband and family pressure 30.1%, different myths about contraception 27.2%, family not complete 17.6%, cultural reasons 14.6%, lack of knowledge 8.8% and need for male gender 4.5% Conclusion: Although most of the ladies had knowledge of contraceptive methods but they were reluctant to practice them. Motivation of husband and mother in law is important factor to achieve positive attitude towards contraception. Counselling against myths and false belief is essential. Keywords: IUCD intra uterine contraceptive device, COCP combined oral contraceptive device
Student’s Satisfaction with Online Teaching during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ahsan Uzma , Nasim Ahsan , Aslam Aqsa , Khan Farooq Azam , Aslam Maria , Yusuf Lamia
Published: April 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the level of student’s satisfaction with online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: The study was conducted in Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore from 10th June to 10th July 2020. It was a cross-sectional survey in which MBBS and BDS students were consecutively enrolled in the study. An online survey was carried out after the completion of 6 weeks of online classes through the Zoom application. A self-designed questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale was given to the students to grade the effectiveness of learning through e-classes and their satisfaction level on various parameters. On the Likert scale, 1 & 2 were taken as highly dissatisfied (strongly disagree, &disagree) and 4 & 5 being satisfied (strongly agree, & agree) and 3 was considered as uncertain. Percentages of the respondents in each domain of the questionnaire were calculated. Results: Out of 470 participants, only 72(15.32%) students already had an experience of e-classes. Among the study participants, 327(69.57%) were of MBBS and 143(30.43%) were of BDS. The majority of the students 291(61.91%) were not satisfied with online classes, 99(21.06%) of students were uncertain and only 80(17.02%) of the students were satisfied. Conclusion: The majority of the students 291(61.91%) were not satisfied with online classes in terms of learning environment, technological characteristics, and course management. Keywords: Student’s satisfaction. Online teaching. COVID-19.
Morphologic Spectrum of Breast Carcinoma and Correlation of Hormone Receptors and Her2/Neu Status with Clinic-Pathologic Parameters at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Khattak Maria Tasneem , Hassan Masroor , Javed Sarah , Hasnain Shahid , Mahmood Raazia , Ali Ambreen
Published: April 2022

Background: After cardiovascular problems, cancer is the 2nd biggest cause of mortality globally. Globally, breast cancer is recognized as the second most prevalent cancer in general, the most prevalent cancer in women, and the 5th major cause of cancer-related death. Objectives: To study the Morphologic Spectrum of Breast Carcinoma and correlation of hormone receptors and HER2/neu status with clinic-pathologic parameters Methods: A total of 97 consecutive cases of modified radical mastectomy were evaluated in the department of histopathology, Rehman Medical Institute Peshawar from February 2019 to December 2020. Expression of PR, ER and Her2/neu were scored similar to College of American Pathologist’s (CAP) guidelines. The analysis of data was done by using SPSS version. Results: Mean age of presentation was 49.6 years. The most prevalent histological subtype was invasive carcinoma of no particular type (72.2%). Grade II tumors were most frequent (43.3%). Lymphovascular and perineural invasion were present in 53.6% and 40.2% of cases respectively. Pathologic stage pT2 was most frequent (56.7%). Macrometastasis was noted in 61.8% of cases. ER and PR showed positivity in 59.8% and 51.5% of cases and Her2/neu was over expressed in 30.9% of cases. ER positivity inversely correlated with Her2/neu but directly with tumor size. Strong association was found between ER/PR positivity and HER2/neu with histologic grade. Conclusion: Our study showed a diverse spectrum of special type carcinomas, none of which showed HER2/neu over expression. Majority of our patients belong to a younger age group and presented with advanced disease. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) was commonest in our population after luminal A. HER2/neu overexpression was limited to grade 2 and 3 of invasive ductal carcinoma Keywords: Morphologic Spectrum; Breast Carcinoma; Hormone receptors
Frequency of Vitamin D Deficiency in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Zahideen Zahid ul , Ullah Ubaid , Rashid Raja Muhammad , Azra Syed , Khan Hafiz Furqan Ahmad , Nabi Zahid
Published: April 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Design of the Study: It’s a descriptive cross-sectional study. Study Settings: This study was carried out at Department of Nephrology, KRL Hospital, Islamabad from 14th November 2017 to 13th May 2018. Material and Methods: There were 85 ESRD (GFR 15 ml/min) patients between the ages of 25 and 65, male and female. Acid reflux, vitamin D supplementation, and steroid use in the last month all ruled out. Vitamin D levels were measured in each patient's 3 ml blood sample, which was delivered to the institution's pathology laboratory for analysis. Results of the Study: From 25 to 65 years old, participants in this study had a mean age of 51.85 12.83 years. Seventy-nine percent of the patients (79%) ranged in age from 46 to 65. A male to female ratio of 1.4:1 was observed among the 85 total patients, with 49 (57.65 percent) and 36 (42.35%) patients being men. In our study, the average length of illness was 10.61±7.90 years. Dialysis lasted an average of 5.14±8.14 months. The average BMI was 23.54±4.88 kg/m2 (standard deviation). In our study, we observed that 70.59 percent of patients on maintenance hemodialysis were deficient in vitamin D. Conclusion: It is concluded that prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in individuals on continuous hemodialysis is extremely high. Keywords: Vitamin D deficiency, Hemodialysis, GFR, BMI