bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do Sonoclot Coagulation Parameters Correlate with Thrombelastograph Parameters?
Authors: Meherg Lem , Riley Jeffrey B. , Wolk Dennis R.
Published: August 2023

Postoperative hemorrhage is a major cause of morbidity after cardiopulmonary bypass. Timely coagulation test results may aid the clinician in diagnosing and treating coagulopathy. The purpose of this study is to determine if there is any correlation between parameters obtained from two viscoelastic coagulation monitors (Thrombelastograph and Sonoclot). Fifty non-heparinized blood samples were obtained from cardiac surgery patients pre-skin incision or post-Protamine. Each blood sample was placed in the Celite-activated Sonoclot cuvette and native, as well as Celitc-activatcd TEG wells. The parameters compared were: native and Celite TEG split point, r, k, alpha angle, MA, MA60 vs. Sonoclot immersion point, SonACT, R1, shoulder point, time to shoulder, R2, peak, time to peak, R3, retraction point and time to retraction. All viscoelastic parameters were correlated with routine coagulation tests including: ACT, PT, PTT, platelet count, fibrinogen concentration, bleeding time and hematocrit.

Simple and multiple regressions were performed on these Thromhelastograph and Sonoclot parameters to determine correlation, if any.

Correlations were considered significant if p<0.01 and R2 > 0.6. The Sonoclot R1 correlated significantly with the Thromhelastograph Celite-activated k-time and alpha angle. The Sonoclot shoulder point correlated with the Thrombelastograph Celite-activated MA and Coagulation Index. The Sonoclot R1 and shoulder point correlated with fibrinogen and platelet counts. The Sonoclot time to peak and time to retraction correlated with the PTT. The Sonoclot coagulation parameters generally do not correlate with the Thrombelastograph parameters. The lack of better correlation among all parameters suggests that there are aspects of coagulation that arc detected differently by each monitor. Therefore, the two viscoelastic monitors cannot be substituted for each other.
An In Vitro Protocol for Evaluation and Comparison of Membrane Oxygenators
Authors: Vocelka Craig R. , Burdge Eric C. , Kunzelman Karyn S. , Thomas Robert , Verrier Edward D.
Published: August 2023

With the trend in open heart surgery toward normothermic bypass and warm blood cardioplegia, greater demand is being placed on the perfusionist to select an oxygenator that will perform safely and efficiently under a variety of conditions. While manufacturers report performance parameters for their products, the data is often not comparable due to widely differing conditions. Recent in vitro evaluation techniques employed to characterize membrane oxygenators do not simulate the actual oxygenator conditions observed during cardiopulmonary bypass. Biocompatibility and drug delivery are reported but comparisons of different oxygenator performance parameters are not completely addressed. We have designed a test circuit and an evaluation protocol to simultaneously characterize the performance of multiple oxygenators under identical conditions. The test circuit is designed to simulate clinical conditions and to evaluate gas exchange, blood path pressures, gas path pressures, and hemolysis.

Previously reported studies have relied on a comparison of a single membrane oxygenator and a single bubble oxygenator. Our protocol will compare multiple membrane oxygenators, in vitro, under similar clinically relevant conditions. Such testing would be done prior to animal or clinical trials. Furthermore in vitro tests should be more reproducible and more discriminating than are ex vivo tests.
Considerations for Inter-Hospital Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Support Resuscitation and Transport
Authors: Bennett John B. , Hill Jonathan G. , Long William B.
Published: August 2023

The availability of commercial, pre-packaged extracorporeal cardiopulmonary support (ECPS) circuits, which are simplified for rapid set-up and priming, has made the intra-hospital resuscitation of moribund patients routine. The successful utilization of this technology in the emergent setting requires planning and the coordination of personnel familiar with the technology. Many issues must be addressed when a patient requiring life-sustaining support utilizing this technology at an outlying hospital, must be transported while on ECPS. After reducing the size and weight of the ECPS cart and obtaining Federal Aviation Administration approval for use during aeromedical transport, the Emanuel Hospital Mobile Surgical Transport Team (MSTT) was able to extend the use of emergency cardiopulmonary bypass to outlying medical facilities. The patients selected for transport, using ECPS, are a group of patients with a potentially survivable pathology unlikely to survive inter-hospital transport without such measures. This report describes our experience with inter-hospital transport of patients on ECPS with special emphasis on transport considerations.
Descending Aortic Aneurysm Repair Utilizing Moderate Hypothermia (30°C) in Conjunction with Left Heart Bypass
Authors: Clark Adam M. , Frank Steven M. , Williams G. Melville , Kelly Susan , Rivard Dennis
Published: August 2023

Thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair are frequently associated with ischemic paraplegia, renal failure and death. In order to decrease the incidence of ischemic events and allow for a longer aortic cross clamp time, we combined our previous technique of segmental sequential repair, left heart bypass and cerebral spinal fluid drainage in conjunction with moderate hypothermia (30°C). Twenty-seven adult patients underwent elective thoracic (n=6) or thoracoabdominal (n=21) aortic aneurysm repair from January 1992 to September 1993 utilizing this hypothermic technique. A heat exchanger was integrated in the centrifugal left heart bypass circuit to achieve moderate hypothermia (30°C) and regain normothermia (37°C) prior to partial bypass termination. Cannulation for left heart bypass was aortafemoral artery (n=10) or left atrium-femoral artery (n=17). The surgical technique of segmental sequential repair helps to minimize visceral, kidney and spinal cord ischemia. Among these 27 patients, one developed delayed paraplegia on postoperative day #3 and three suffered postoperative death. The average aortic cross clamp time was 76 ± 7 minutes. Previous studies have demonstrated a significant increase of ischemic morbidity (11-25%) when cross clamp times exceeded 30 minutes. We conclude that the combination of left heart bypass, moderate hypothermia and cerebral spinal fluid drainage allow for a longer duration of aortic cross clamp time and a relatively low incidence of ischemic complications.
Continuous Venous Oximetry: A Comparative Study Between the CDI 100 and the Bentley OxySat II
Authors: Appelblad Micael , Svenmarker Staffan , Häggmark Sören , Jansson Erica , Lindholm Ronny
Published: August 2023

Two in-line oxygen saturation monitors, the CDI 100 and OxySat II, were evaluated in the clinical setting. Eighty-seven venous blood samples were drawn during 20 elective cardiopulmonary bypass procedures. Monitor readings were compared to OSM III co-oximeter values. The results revealed that saturation(%) determination was biased, -3.16 ± 2.21 SD for the CDI 100 and -0.34 ± 2.17 SD for the OxySat II. Hemoglobin (g/dl) and hematocrit (%) measurement, available only for the CDI 100, resulted in a bias of +5.54 ± 5.68 SD and +1.94 ± 1.78 SD, respectively. It was concluded that both monitors operated within clinically acceptable limits, with a more favorable outcome for the OxySat II.
Comparative Analysis of Recovery of Cardiopulmonary Bypass Residual Blood: Cell Saver vs. Hemoconcentrator
Authors: Johnson Howard D. , Morgan Marc S. , Utley Joe R. , Leyand Steven A , Nguyen-Duy Tuan , Crawley Debbie M
Published: August 2023

For surgical bleeding problems, the cell saver has been used to return shed blood; however, overuse can lead to a deficit in coagulation factors. Its usefulness has gained widespread use in many surgical settings.

The hemoconcentrator can aid in raising the hematocrit level while reducing blood utilization where large blood volume and/or large amounts of irrigation are returned to the perfusion circuit. The hemoconcentrator returns red blood cells without removing coagulation factors, unlike the cell saver.

In order to determine which method of returning residual blood from the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit is more desirable, blood samples were drawn both pre and post transfusion from 15 cell saver patients, and 14 hemoconcentrator patients. Twelve hour blood loss was recorded in 40 patients within each group.

The fibrinogen, platelet count, total protein, albumin and white blood cell count were similar between the two groups, as was the blood loss. The only significant differences found were the post red blood cell count, post hemoglobin, and the delta hematocrit, all being higher in autotransfusion group.

In conclusion, returning blood through the hemoconcentrator in the average adult perfusion circuit was not able to significantly raise certain coagulation parameters, nor reduce postoperative bleeding.
Wahlfreiheit im Gesundheitswesen – und ihre Auswirkungen auf
den Wettbewerb
Authors: Bataille Marc , Wambach Achim
Published: August 2023

Das deutsche Gesundheitssystem wurde in den letzten Jahrzehnten sukzessive
umgestaltet, um mehr Effizienz durch mehr Wettbewerbselemente zu erreichen.
Gleichzeitig sind die potenziellen Möglichkeiten der Patientinnen und
Patienten, sich über die verschiedenen Angebote von Versicherungen und
Leistungserbringern zu informieren, durch die Digitalisierung stark gestiegen.
Trotz dieser Voraussetzungen wird die Qualität im Gesundheitswesen heute
jedoch nur teilweise durch die Entscheidungen der Patientinnen und Patienten
gesteuert. Der Beitrag identifiziert die bestehenden Wettbewerbshemmnisse aus
Sicht der Wahlfreiheit. Auf der Nachfrageseite sind dies Informationsdefizite
über die medizinische Qualität, die durch einen Beratungsauftrag
der Krankenkassen abgebaut werden könnten. Auf Seiten der Versicherer
werden die langfristigen Anreize zur Versorgung der Patientinnen und Patienten
durch die derzeitige Ausgestaltung des Risikostrukturausgleichs reduziert.
Dieser sollte sich an den langfristig zu erwartenden Versorgungskosten
orientieren.
Primär- und Sekundärprävention bei Hypercholesterinämie – versorgungsrelevante Unterschiede in der PROCYON-Studie
Authors: Makhmudova Umidakhon , Wolf Michaela , Willfeld Kathy , Beier Lea , Weingärtner Oliver
Published: August 2023

Hintergrund Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen sind für ein Drittel der Todesfälle in Deutschland verantwortlich. Erhöhte Spiegel des Low-Density-Lipoprotein-Cholesterols (LDL-C) gelten als ein wesentlicher Risikofaktor. Die Senkung des LDL-C-Spiegels ist daher integraler Bestandteil der Prävention kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse.

Methoden Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, in einer post-hoc ausgeführten Gegenüberstellung von Querschnittsdaten aus der Umfrage PROCYON potenzielle Unterschiede zwischen der Primärprävention (PP) und der Sekundärprävention (SP) zu identifizieren. Es wurden Anamnese, Begleiterkrankungen, Adhärenz und Krankheitsbewusstsein in Bezug auf die Hypercholesterinämie abgefragt.

Ergebnisse An der Befragung nahmen 5494 Patient*innen teil (PP: 3798; SP 1696). Der Vergleich der Ergebnisse zeigte einen numerisch höheren Anteil von Frauen (PP 70,7% vs. SP 42,5%) sowie häufigere Komorbiditäten wie Bluthochdruck (PP 45,6% vs. SP 61,0%), Adipositas (PP 20,9% vs. SP 27,4%) und Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 (PP 14,1% vs. SP 23,8%). In der Primärprävention wurde die Hypercholesterinämie-Diagnose zumeist in der Vorsorgeuntersuchung gestellt (PP 74,6%), in der Sekundärprävention geschah dies am häufigsten im Laufe eines kardiovaskulär bedingten Krankenhausaufenthalts (SP 58,0%). Ein/e Kardiolog*in wurde von 16,3% (PP) bzw. 54,0% (SP) konsultiert. Mindestens halbjährliche LDL-C-Kontrollen (PP 46,8% vs. SP 77,9%) sowie eine medikamentöse Intervention (PP 43,0% vs. SP 87,0%) waren in der Sekundärpräventionsgruppe häufiger. Außerdem zeigten sich Unterschiede in der Umsetzung von Veränderungen im Lebensstil, der Verbesserung der LDL-C-Werte, der Anpassung der Therapie sowie der Adhärenz, Therapiezufriedenheit und Informiertheit der Patient*innen.

Schlussfolgerung Der Vergleich der Primär- und Sekundärprävention aus der Umfrage PROCYON zeigt insgesamt eine bessere Ausschöpfung der Therapieoptionen und eine höhere Versorgungsintensität in der Gruppe der Sekundärprävention. In beiden Gruppen besteht jedoch noch großes Verbesserungspotenzial, um eine effiziente Prävention kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse sicherzustellen.
Stratifying High-Risk Thyroid Nodules Using a Novel Deep Learning
System
Authors: Fu Chia-Po , Yu Ming-Jen , Huang Yao-Sian , Fuh Chiou-Shann , Chang Ruey-Feng
Published: August 2023

Introduction The current ultrasound scan classification system for thyroid
nodules is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and subjective. Artificial
intelligence (AI) has been shown to increase the accuracy of predicting the
malignancy rate of thyroid nodules. This study aims to demonstrate the
state-of-the-art Swin Transformer to classify thyroid nodules.

Materials and Methods Ultrasound images were collected prospectively from
patients who received fine needle aspiration biopsy for thyroid nodules from
January 2016 to June 2021. One hundred thirty-nine patients with malignant
thyroid nodules were enrolled, while 235 patients with benign nodules served as
controls. Images were fed to Swin-T and ResNeSt50 models to classify the thyroid
nodules.

Results Patients with malignant nodules were younger and more likely male
compared to those with benign nodules. The average sensitivity and specificity
of Swin-T were 82.46% and 84.29%, respectively. The average
sensitivity and specificity of ResNeSt50 were 72.51% and 77.14%,
respectively. Receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed that the area
under the curve of Swin-T was higher (AUC=0.91) than that of ResNeSt50
(AUC=0.82). The McNemar test evaluating the performance of these models
showed that Swin-T had significantly better performance than ResNeSt50.

Swin-T classifier can be a useful tool in helping shared decision-making between
physicians and patients with thyroid nodules, particularly in those with
high-risk characteristics of sonographic patterns.
A Mega-Ethnography of Qualitative Meta-Syntheses on Return to Work in
People with Chronic Health Conditions
Authors: Schwarz Betje , Banaschak Hannes , Heyme Rebekka , von Kardorff Ernst , Reims Nancy , Streibelt Marco , Bethge Matthias
Published: August 2023

Purpose The aim of this study was to synthesize the findings of
qualitative meta-syntheses (QMS) on return to work (RTW) of people with
different chronic illnesses and to develop a generic RTW model that can provide
advice on how to improve RTW interventions and strategies.

Methods We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed,
Epistemonikos, CENTRAL, and PsycARTICLES to find relevant QMS, published in
English or German between 2000 and 2021, and adapted the meta-ethnographic
approach of Noblit and Hare to synthesize their findings.

Results Nineteen QMS (five focusing on musculoskeletal disorders or
chronic pain, four on acquired or traumatic brain injuries, four on cancer, two
on mental disorders, one on spinal cord injury, and three on mixed samples) met
our inclusion criteria for the meta-ethnographic synthesis. Through systematic
comparison and reciprocal translation of the single QMS findings, we could
identify a set of key cross-cutting themes/concepts, which formed the
basis for four RTW principles and a generic RTW model.

Conclusions RTW is a multifactorial and highly interactive
multistakeholder process, embedded in an individual‘s life and working
history, as well as in a determined social and societal context. It runs
parallel and interdependently to the process of coping with the disease and
realigning one’s own identity, thus emphasizing the significance of RTW
for the person. Besides symptoms and consequences of the disease, individual
coping strategies, and RTW motivation, the course and success of RTW are
strongly affected by the adaptability of the person’s working
environment and the social support in their private and working life. Thus, RTW
is not only a problem of the individual, but also a matter of the social
environment, especially the workplace, requiring a holistic, person-centered,
and systemic approach, coordinated by a designated body, which considers the
interests of all actors involved in the RTW process.
COVID-19 and Liver Disease: An Evolving Landscape
Authors: Zhu Kai , Tsai Olivia , Chahal Daljeet , Hussaini Trana , Yoshida Eric M.
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant worldwide morbidity and mortality. In this review, we examine the intricate relationships between COVID-19 and liver diseases. While respiratory manifestations of COVID-19 are well known, its impact and consequences in patients with liver diseases remain an area of ongoing investigation. COVID-19 can induce liver injury through various mechanisms and is associated with higher mortality in individuals with preexisting chronic liver disease. Mortality increases with the severity of chronic liver disease and the level of care required. The outcomes in patients with autoimmune hepatitis remain unclear, whereas liver transplant recipients are more likely to experience symptomatic COVID-19 but have comparable outcomes to the general population. Despite suboptimal immunological response, COVID-19 vaccinations are safe and effective in liver disease, although cases of autoimmune hepatitis-like syndrome have been reported. In conclusion, COVID-19 has significant implications in liver diseases; early recognition and treatments are important for improving patient outcomes.
Synthetic Utility of N-Acylbenzotriazoles
Authors: Tiwari Vinod K. , Yadav Mangal S. , Gupta Abhishek , Bose Priyanka , Singh Anoop S. , Mohapatra Prabhu P.
Published: August 2023

N-Acylbenzotriazoles are valuable synthons in organic synthesis. They are particularly used as acylating agents and an alternative to acyl chlorides. They have been widely explored for a diverse range of applications. This review summarizes methods for the preparation of N-acylbenzotriazole derivatives and their diverse applications, in particular demonstrating their ability to serve as alternative acylating agents in organic transformations such as N-, O-, C-, and S-acylating agents for the convenient synthesis of a wide range of biologically important organic compounds. We also emphasize the synthesis of diverse compounds using benzotriazole ring cleavage (BtRC) methodology, including its pharmacophore study and some notable utilities as valuable starting materials, ligands, and intermediates in the field of organic synthesis.

1 Introduction

2 Synthesis of N-Acylbenzotriazoles

3 Applications of N-Acylbenzotriazoles in Organic Synthesis

3.1 N-Acylation Using N-Acylbenzotriazoles

3.2 C-Acylation of Heterocycles Using N-Acylbenzotriazoles

3.3 Preparation of β-Keto Esters and β-Diketones by Acylative Deacetylation

3.4 N-Acylbenzotriazoles Used for the Preparation of Other Valuable Intermediates

3.5 Benzotriazole Ring Cleavage (BtRC) Reactions

4 N-Acylbenzotriazoles as Catalysts and Ligands

5 Pharmacological Applications of N-Acylbenzotriazoles

6 Conclusions and Future Outlook
A Practical and Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Sorafenib and Regorafenib
Authors: Gill Manjinder Singh , Prachi Ramteke
Published: August 2023

Efficient, practical syntheses of sorafenib and regorafenib have been achieved in a manner that is free from the problems associated with previously reported methods. The process involved preparation of 4-(4-aminophenoxy)-N-methylpicolinamide (sorafenib intermediate) and 4-(4-amino-3-fluorophenoxy)-N-methylpicolinamide (regorafenib intermediate) using only a single base and did not require the use of an inert atmosphere. The reaction of intermediates with phenyl 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl carbamate, prepared using water-assisted synthesis of carbamates, was used to install the main urea functionality in these molecules.
Review: The Chemistry, Toxicity and Antibacterial Activity of Curcumin and Its Analogues
Authors: Denison Hannah J. , Schwikkard Sianne L. , Khoder Mouhamad , Kelly Alison F.
Published: August 2023

Antimicrobial resistance is a global challenge that is already exacting a heavy price both in terms of human health and financial cost. Novel ways of approaching this crisis include the
investigation of natural products. Curcumin is the major constituent in turmeric, and it is commonly used in the preparation of Asian cuisine. In addition, it possesses a wide range of
pharmacological properties. This review provides a detailed account of curcumin and its analoguesʼ antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative isolates, including its
potential mechanism(s) of action and the safety and toxicity in human and animal models. We also highlight the key challenges in terms of solubility/bioavailability associated with the use
of curcumin and include research on how these challenges have been overcome.
Image Quality and Related Outcomes of the ShuntScope-Guided Catheter Implantation in Adult Hydrocephalus: Experience of 63 Procedures
Authors: Prajsnar-Borak Anna , Teping Fritz , Oertel Joachim
Published: August 2023

Background Ventricular catheter (VC) placement in the selected subset of adult hydrocephalus can be highly challenging due to abnormal anatomical configuration or the need for trans-aqueductal stent placement. Transluminal endoscopy with the ShuntScope has been invented to increase the success rate of catheter placement. This study evaluates the image qualities of ShuntScope and related surgical outcomes in adults.

Methods A retrospective analysis of all adult patients undergoing VC placement using the ShuntScope from November 2011 to July 2022 in the authors' department was performed. Demographic, clinical, and radiologic data were evaluated. The visualization quality of the intraoperative endoscopy was stratified into excellent, medium, and poor, and compared to the postoperative catheter tip placement. Follow-up evaluation included the surgical revision rate due to proximal catheter misplacement.

Results A total of 63 ShuntScope-assisted surgeries have been performed on 60 adults. The mean age of the patients was 48.43 years. The most common underlying pathology was a tumor- or cyst-related cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) impairment in 38.33%, followed by a pseudotumor cerebri in 21.66%. The achieved image quality was excellent in 39.68%, medium in 47.62%, and poor in 12.7%. Ideal catheter placement was achieved in 79.37%. There were no intraoperative complications associated with the use of the ShuntScope. The revision rate due to suboptimal proximal VC placement was 4.76% during a mean follow-up period of 27.75 months. A statistical correlation between the image quality and accuracy of the catheter position was observed (p < 0.001).

Conclusion The ShuntScope can be considered an important addition to standard surgical tools in treating a selected subset of adult hydrocephalus. Direct visualization might even help achieve correct placement of the catheter in the cases with blurred vision and limited visual overview.
Radiotherapy for Rectal Cancer: How Much is Enough?
Authors: Chapman William C. , Hunt Steven R. , Henke Lauren E.
Published: August 2023

Though resection has been the mainstay of treatment for nonmetastatic rectal cancer over the past century, radiation has become an increasingly integral component of care for locally advanced disease. Today, two predominant radiotherapy approaches—hyperfractionated chemoradiotherapy and “short-course” radiation—are widely utilized to reduce local recurrence and, in some cases, cure disease. Both have been incorporated into total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) regimens and achieved excellent local control and superior complete response rates compared to chemoradiation alone. Additionally, initial results of “watch and wait” protocols utilizing either radiation modality have been promising. Yet, differences do exist; though short course is cheaper and more convenient for patients, recently published data may show superior complete response and local recurrence rates with chemoradiation. Ultimately, direct comparisons of short-course radiotherapy against chemoradiation within the TNT framework are needed to identify optimal radiation regimens in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer.
The LRG-TGF-β-Alk-1/TGFßRII-Smads as Predictive Biomarkers of Chronic Hydrocephalus after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Ma Dongying , Ma Luyao , Zhao Yongqiang , Li Yongli , Ye Wei , Li Xianfeng
Published: August 2023

Background Chronic hydrocephalus is a common complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH); however, the risk factors and the mechanisms underlying its occurrence have yet to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to identify biomarkers that could be used to predict chronic hydrocephalus after aSAH and to investigate the relationships.

Methods We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 19 patients with chronic hydrocephalus after aSAH and 44 controls without hydrocephalus after aSAH. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Smad1, Smad4, Smad5, Smad8, activin receptor-like kinase 1 (Alk-1), activin receptor-like kinase 5 (Alk-5), P38, and TGF-β type II receptor (TGFßRII) in CSF samples.

Results In the CSF of patients with chronic hydrocephalus after aSAH, the levels of LRG, TGF-β, Alk-1, Smad5, and TGFßRII were significantly increased (p < 0.05) and the levels of Smad1, Smad4, and Smad8 were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups concerning the levels of P38 and Alk-5 (p > 0.05). The analysis also identified significant correlations between specific biomarkers: LRG and Smad1, LRG and Smad5, TGF-β and Alk-1, and Alk-1 and Smad4 (p < 0.05); the Pearson's correlation coefficients for these relationships were −0.341, 0.257, 0.256, and −0.424, respectively.

Conclusion The levels of LRG, TGF-β, Alk-1, TGFßRII, Smad1/5/8, and Smad4 in the CSF are potentially helpful as predictive biomarkers of chronic hydrocephalus after aSAH. Moreover, the LRG-TGF-β-Alk-1/TGFßRII-Smad1/5/8-Smad4 signaling pathway is highly likely to be involved in the pathogenic process of chronic hydrocephalus after aSAH.
The Role of Multimodal Imaging in Differentiating Vasogenic from Infiltrative Edema: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hasanzadeh Alireza , Moghaddam Hossein Sanjari , Shakiba Madjid , Jalali Amir Hossein , Firouznia Kavous
Published: August 2023

Background High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are the most prevalent primary malignancy of the central nervous system. The tumor results in vasogenic and infiltrative edema . Exact anatomical differentiation of these edemas is so important for surgical planning. Multimodal imaging could be used to differentiate the edema type.

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the role of multimodal imaging in the differentiation of vasogenic edema from infiltrative edema in patients with HGG (grade III and grade IV).

Data Sources A search on PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science Core Collection up to June 2022 using terms related to (a) multimodal imaging AND (b) HGG AND (c) edema. (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022336131)

Study Selection Two reviewers screened the articles and independently extracted the data. We included original articles assessing the role of multimodal imaging in differentiating vasogenic from infiltrative edema in patients with HGG. Six high-quality articles remained for the narrative synthesis.

Data Synthesis Dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging showed that relative cerebral blood volume and relative cerebral blood flow were higher in the infiltrative edema component than in the vasogenic edema component. Diffusion tensor imaging revealed a dispute on fractional anisotropy. The apparent diffusion coefficient was comparable between the two edematous components. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy exhibited an increment in choline/creatinine ratio and choline/N-acetyl aspartate ratio in the infiltrative edema component.

Limitations Strict study selection, low sample size of relevant published studies, and heterogeneity in endpoint variables were the major drawbacks.

Conclusions Multimodal imaging, including dynamic susceptibility contrast and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, might help differentiate between vasogenic and infiltrative edema.
Green Hospital: „Das Klima retten wir nur zusammen“
Authors: Hofmann Lisa-Marie
Published: August 2023

Kein singuläres Projekt, sondern gleich eine ganze Strategie – damit hat sich das Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin beim cdgw-Zukunftspreis beworben und gewonnen. Wie die Klimaschutzpläne von ukb-Geschäftsführer Christian Dreißigacker überzeugt haben.
Analysis on the Knowledge about Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders of a Male Motorcycle Community in Indonesia
Authors: Ahmada Rafdan Affan , Ramadhanti Deananda Setio , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro , Parmadiati Adiastuti Endah , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Mahdani Fatma Yasmin , Ayuningtyas Nurina Febriyanti
Published: August 2023

Background Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are a group of oral lesions or conditions with a higher risk of malignant transformation. OPMD affects 4.47% of people worldwide, with predilection in males. The high tendency of frequent tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption may lead the male motorcycle community to have a higher risk for developing OPMD and malignant transformation.

Objectives This article determines the level of knowledge about OPMD within a male motorcycle community.

Methods This study uses a survey research design that is a questionnaire-based and descriptive study. Data were obtained using a Google Form, and IBM SPSS was used for analysis. Simple random sampling is the sampling method applied. The total knowledge score is divided into three levels, low (0–4), moderate (5–9), and high (10–15).

Results The questionnaire was finished by 60 people entirely. All respondents (100%) were men, and the majority (83.00%) was aged between 20 and 21. A total of 26 respondents (43.30%) had moderate knowledge levels, followed by 21 with high knowledge levels (35.0%), and 13 with low knowledge levels (21.70%).

Conclusion The majority of the male motorcycle community (43.30%) has a moderate knowledge level regarding OPMD. This study indicates the need for educational measures to improve awareness regarding OPMD in a high-risk community.
Pathei mathos and skandalon in Le Sacre du Printemps
Authors: Isar Nicoletta
Published: August 2023

In spite of abundant research on Le Sacre du Printemps (The Rite of Spring), an avant-garde ballet that premiered in Paris in 1913, there is no substantive examination of the ballet’s re-imagining of premodern rituality, aesthetics, and performance. In this brief essay, I interpret Igor Stravinsky’s musical score and Vaslav Nijinsky’s choreography for Le Sacre in an exposition of two specific terms: pathei mathos (knowledge by ordeal) and skandalon (‘stumbling stone,’ a trap, scandal). As I demonstrate with my exegesis of each term, the celebrated radicality of Stravinsky’s composition and the presumed modernism of Nijinsky’s movement are in fact indebted to Greco-Roman antiquity and the Middle Ages. Ultimately, this essay shows how a high modernist ballet is in fact intimately tied to ancient ritual and medieval gesture.
Integrated positive and negative analyses of cognitive-mediation strategies in the social quarrels
Authors: Ke Yuguo
Published: August 2023

Public disharmony can easily arise in our social conversations, leading to quarrels, disputes, and even conflicts, which can harm our society’s stability and security. Encouraging harmonious communication and interaction in public spaces is considered an embodiment of personal morality and social civilization. However, interlocutors in public discussions often overlook the crucial role of cognitive mediation, which is essential but rarely discussed in previous studies. Drawing on the theory of cognitive mediation, this study analyzes four authentic videos using four different cognitive-mediation strategies that interlocutors may use to mediate ongoing quarrels with evident social disharmony. It also demonstrates how mediators carefully choose their words to prevent the quarrel from escalating into a more negative interaction. The analysis not only illustrates the process of mediating ongoing quarrels but also provides a new model for regulating social interactions that promote communicative harmony in public places. This study has the potential to improve communication education practices in public settings and normalize social communication.
Confucius in The Times from 1785 to 2019: a diachronic news discourse analysis of newsworthiness
Authors: Chen Cheng , Liu Renping
Published: August 2023

This article diachronically analyses the variations in newsworthiness with regards to the conception of Confucius in the British newspaper The Times from its initial publication in 1785 to 2019. Adopting corpus linguistic methods and discursive news values analysis approach, this study examines news values through collocations and concordances of Confucius-centred instances. The results mainly lie in two folds. First, before 1840s, Confucius had been highly Westernized and religionized through analogy with Western philosophers, literary works, religious prophets, religious maxims, etc., which constructed proximity and eliteness to help alleviate the foreignness brought by the Chinese concept of Confucius and reduce the British audiences’ sense of distance. Following the increasing and continuous identification of Confucius with the Chinese identity in reporting, these methods (Westernization and religionization) of reporting had comparatively abated, as a consequence of which the media tended to present more Chinese contexts to market more full-scaled information related with Confucius. Second, the concepts of Confucius had been frequently metonymized for the national identity of Chinese, which dominantly framed the ordinariness of the Chinese people before 1880s, and gradually transformed into the elite Chinese identities after 1880s. With historical statistics and diachronic lens, the results of this study provided valuable historical data for social studies in the British context and improved on the findings of the existing studies of Confucius in Britain.
Selectively destroying cancer cells using graphene quantum dots
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: August 2023

Using graphene quantum dots as photothermal therapy agents can target cancer cells with less applied irradiation.
Determining glass transition in all-atom acrylic polymeric melt simulations using machine learning
Authors: Banerjee Atreyee , Iscen Aysenur , Kremer Kurt , Kukharenko Oleksandra
Published: August 2023

The functionality of many polymeric materials depends on their glass transition temperatures (Tg). In computer simulations, Tg is often calculated from the gradual change in macroscopic properties. Precise determination of this change depends on the fitting protocols. We previously proposed a robust data-driven approach to determine Tg from the molecular dynamics simulation data of a coarse-grained semiflexible polymer model. In contrast to the global macroscopic properties, our method relies on high-resolution microscopic details. Here, we demonstrate the generality of our approach by using various dimensionality reduction and clustering methods and apply it to an atomistic model of acrylic polymers. Our study reveals the explicit contribution of the side chain and backbone residues in influencing the determination of the glass transition temperature.
Analytical thermal resistance network model for calculating each mean die temperature of the multi-chips module combined with quad flat no-leads packaging
Authors: Wang Yongchao , Liu Guiqian , Wang Honghai , Peng Chengfeng
Published: August 2023

With the rapid advancement of next-generation communication technology, traditional Quad Flat No-leads (QFN) packaging is facing challenges to meet functional requirements. Due to its high integration and excellent thermal performance, the Multi-chips Module combined with Quad Flat No-leads (MCM-QFN) packaging is gaining popularity. However, the structural complexity of MCM-QFN packaging and the thermal coupling effect between multiple dies make it challenging to analyze the steady-state thermal distribution of MCM-QFN packaging, which is necessary for assessing the reliability and optimizing the layout design of the multi-chips module. By analyzing the heat dissipation path from each die to the ambient, this paper proposes an analytical thermal resistance network model for calculating each mean die temperature of MCM-QFN packaging. The thermal coupling effect among the multi-chips, the thermal spreading resistance between critical layers, and the boundary conditions and cooling conditions are all considered. All thermal resistances in the model are expressed analytically, and the mean temperature of each chip can be calculated within 0.1 s using MATLAB programming. To validate the accuracy of the proposed model, finite element method (FEM) simulations are conducted to provide a reference for the mean temperature of each chip under four sets of thermal conditions. The data comparison demonstrates that the analytical model is fast and accurate in calculating each mean die temperature of MCM-QFN packaging, with a maximum error of 3.72%, and the calculation speed increased by about 600× compared to that of FEM simulation. Furthermore, the analytical model is able to offer a direction for optimizing the layout design and material selection of MCM-QFN packaging.
Thermodynamics of mechanopeptide sidechains
Authors: Haque Md. Mozzammel , Kadir Muhammad Abdul , Bayford Richard
Published: August 2023

Biological systems are often exposed to mechanical perturbations, which may modulate many biochemical processes. Ligand binding involves a wide range of structural changes in the receptor protein, from hinge movement of entire domains to minor sidechain rearrangements in the binding pocket residues. Hydrophobic ligand binding to protein alters the system’s vibrational free energy, allowing different conformational states of allosteric proteins. Excess hydrophobicity in protein–ligand binding generates mechanical force along the peptide backbone through the hydrophobic effect. We describe mechanically strained peptide structures involved in protein aggregation to determine the transition between the initial condensation of hydrophobic polypeptide chains into ordered fibrillar structures. This transition is due to the excess attractive hydrophobic force by ligand binding within proteins into fibrillar assemblies. The process of fibrillar formation has a mechanosensitive nature, which significantly influences the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases.
Critical behaviors of nonlinear contagion models with recurrent mobility patterns
Authors: Li Yanting , Wu Xiaoqun , Zhong Su , Huang Zhenghua
Published: August 2023

Recently, there has been a lot of discussion about the nonlinearity property of contagion processes in epidemic spreading on social networks with various structures. In this paper, we propose a nonlinear contagion model in networked metapopulations to investigate the critical behavior of epidemics with recurrent mobility patterns. First, we build up a discrete-time Markovian chain model to formulate the spreading of susceptible-infected-susceptible-like diseases. Additionally, we develop a practicable framework to analyze the impact of mobility on the epidemic threshold and derive the theoretical condition for the transition of an epidemic from a local to a global scale. This transition is associated with multiple discontinuous phase changes. We validate our analytical results through extensive numerical simulations on both regular and heterogeneous networks. Our findings offer a useful tool to discuss the implementation of prevention strategies such as quarantine and lockdown.
Chimeras in phase oscillator networks locally coupled through an auxiliary field: Stability and bifurcations
Authors: Laing Carlo R.
Published: August 2023

We study networks in the form of a lattice of nodes with a large number of phase oscillators and an auxiliary variable at each node. The only interactions between nodes are nearest-neighbor. The Ott/Antonsen ansatz is used to derive equations for the order parameters of the phase oscillators at each node, resulting in a set of coupled ordinary differential equations. Chimeras are steady states of these equations, and we follow them as parameters are varied, determining their stability and bifurcations. In two-dimensional domains, we find that spiral wave chimeras and rotating waves have significantly different properties than those in networks with nonlocal coupling.
Development of Allison scanner to measure transverse emittance at low energy beam transport of rare-isotope accelerator complex for ON-line experiments
Authors: Lim Eun Hoon , Kwon J. W. , Chung Y. S. , Woo H. J. , Kim G. D. , Kim E. S.
Published: August 2023

The Rare-isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line experiments is a heavy-ion accelerator facility that accelerates a stable or rare isotope beam up to 400 kW with an energy of 200 MeV/u. Various heavy-ion beams are generated from the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source, with an energy of 10 keV/u and separated according to A/Q at the first dipole magnet (DM). To measure beam transverse emittance at the Low Energy Beam Transport section, two Allison scanners are installed behind the DM for the X and Y directions. It consist of a servo motor for driving, a Faraday cup for current measurement, deflection plates, and electronic device. The measurable range of beam angle in of the Allison scanner is determined by the structure of the deflection plate and designed based on mathematical calculations. Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) is adopted to integrate and control a variety of devices. To control the complex measurement sequence of the Allison scanner, an EPICS sequencer module was used. Normalized emittance is calculated by python code with Pyepics module using phase space distribution data. In this paper, we present the detailed design of the Allison scanner, the configuration of the control system, and the experimental results using an Ar9+ 30 μA beam.
Computer-aided engineering and additive manufacturing for bioreactors in tissue engineering: State of the art and perspectives
Authors: Di Gravina Giulia M. , Loi Giada , Auricchio Ferdinando , Conti Michele
Published: August 2023

Two main challenges are currently present in the healthcare world, i.e., the limitations given by transplantation and the need to have available 3D in vitro models. In this context, bioreactors are devices that have been introduced in tissue engineering as a support for facing the mentioned challenges by mimicking the cellular native microenvironment through the application of physical stimuli. Bioreactors can be divided into two groups based on their final application: macro- and micro-bioreactors, which address the first and second challenge, respectively. The bioreactor design is a crucial step as it determines the way in which physical stimuli are provided to cells. It strongly depends on the manufacturing techniques chosen for the realization. In particular, in bioreactor prototyping, additive manufacturing techniques are widely used nowadays as they allow the fabrication of customized shapes, guaranteeing more degrees of freedom. To support the bioreactor design, a powerful tool is represented by computational simulations that allow to avoid useless approaches of trial-and-error. In the present review, we aim to discuss the general workflow that must be carried out to develop an optimal macro- and micro-bioreactor. Accordingly, we organize the discussion by addressing the following topics: general and stimulus-specific (i.e., perfusion, mechanical, and electrical) requirements that must be considered during the design phase based on the tissue target; computational models as support in designing bioreactors based on the provided stimulus; manufacturing techniques, with a special focus on additive manufacturing techniques; and finally, current applications and new trends in which bioreactors are involved.
Size and kink effects on thermal conductivity in nickel nanowires
Authors: Zhang Yudong , Du Xiarong , Jia Xin , Wang Kuangbing , Xiong Xinyi , Gao Xin , Qiu Jingjiang , Li Zilin , Qi Guochen , Nie BangBang , Wang Wen , Fan Sufeng , Wei Ronghan
Published: August 2023

The potential applications of nanowires in thermal management and thermoelectric energy conversion have sparked extensive research on thermal transport in various nanowires. Nickel nanowires, with their unique properties and promising applications, have been extensively studied. However, the influence of size, particularly the impact of kink structures, on the thermal transport behavior in nickel nanowires remains unclear. In this paper, we employed electron-beam lithography and liftoff techniques to fabricate suspended nickel nanowires with varying sizes and kinks to experimentally investigate the size and kink effect on the thermal conductivity. The experimental results revealed that the thermal transport behavior of nickel nanowires is significantly influenced by both size and kink effects. Notably, as the nanowire size decreases, the thermal conductivity also decreases. Furthermore, we discovered that the thermal conductivity can be adjusted by altering the number and angle of kinks. Increasing the number of kinks from 18 to 36 resulted in a significant decrease in thermal conductivity. In contrast, as the kink angle decreased from 157° to 90°, the thermal conductivity also decreased. However, intriguingly, when the kink angle was further decreased from 90° to 43°, the thermal conductivity increases. This non-monotonic change in thermal conductivity with the kink angle provides an interesting insight into the intricate behavior of heat carriers in kinked nickel nanowires. Additionally, we found that varying the alloy elements can profoundly alter the thermal conductivity of nanowires with kinks. These results offer valuable insights into the behaviors of heat carriers, including electrons and phonons, during heat transfer in nickel nanowires.
Tunneling spectroscopy of field-induced superconductivity in molybdenum disulfide using top metal contacts
Authors: Shimazu Yoshihiro , Yamada Kazuya , Kobayashi Hiroki , Ishikawa Rikuto , Watanabe Haruki , Shinchi Takuro , Yanai Keisuke
Published: August 2023

Field-induced superconductivity has been observed on the surfaces of various materials; however, the underlying mechanism of this two-dimensional superconductivity remains elusive. While tunneling spectroscopy measurements provide valuable insights into the microscopic nature of the superconducting state, there is a scarcity of tunneling spectroscopy measurements specifically focused on field-induced superconductivity when compared to transport measurements. In this study, we present a novel approach for tunneling spectroscopy using top metal contacts on field-induced superconducting MoS2. Our experimental findings, including the energy gap values, are consistent with those of a previous study conducted using a different device configuration. The observed energy-dependent density of states cannot be explained by the conventional BCS mechanism. We address the impact of inhomogeneity within the superconducting phase and discuss potential methods for its suppression. The proposed tunneling spectroscopy technique offers simplicity and ease of implementation, making it applicable for investigating other two-dimensional superconducting systems.