bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On-chip lateral Si:Te PIN photodiodes for room-temperature detection in the telecom optical wavelength bands
Authors: Shaikh Mohd Saif , Wen Shuyu , Catuneanu Mircea-Traian , Wang Mao , Erbe Artur , Prucnal Slawomir , Rebohle Lars , Zhou Shengqiang , Jamshidi Kambiz , Helm Manfred , Berencén Yonder
Published: June 2023

Photonic integrated circuits require photodetectors that operate at room temperature with sensitivity at telecom wavelengths and are suitable for integration with planar complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Silicon hyperdoped with deep-level impurities is a promising material for silicon infrared detectors because of its strong room-temperature photoresponse in the short-wavelength infrared region caused by the creation of an impurity band within the silicon band gap. In this work, we present the first experimental demonstration of lateral Te-hyperdoped Si PIN photodetectors operating at room temperature in the optical telecom bands. We provide a detailed description of the fabrication process, working principle, and performance of the photodiodes, including their key figure of merits. Our results are promising for the integration of active and passive photonic elements on a single Si chip, leveraging the advantages of planar CMOS technology.
Advanced root mean square propagation with the warm-up algorithm for fiber coupling
Authors: Li Ziqiang , Pan Ziting , Li Yuting , Yang Xu , Geng Chao , Li Xinyang
Published: June 2023

Fiber coupling plays an important role in applications such as free-space optical communication (FSOC) and self-referencing interferometry. However, the coupling efficiency is often affected by turbulence and platform vibrations, which requires dynamic coupling with optimization algorithms. In this paper, to further mitigate the effects of sudden disturbances and to expand the effective range of fiber coupling systems, we propose a new method called the advanced root mean square propagation with warm-up (ARW) algorithm. By adaptively adjusting both the gain rate and the perturbation rate with warm-up operations, the ARW algorithm can achieve higher effective range and acceptable steady-state coupling efficiency simultaneously. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method requires only 36.4% of the iterations of the SPGD algorithm to deal with sudden disturbances. Moreover, the effective range of the ARW algorithm is 530.50µrad in the specific coupling platform, which is 20% higher than the effective range of SPGD.
Modeling and simulation of molecular armchair graphene nanoribbons as a gas detector
Authors: Tashakori Alireza , Rostami Ali , Karkhanehchi Mohammad M.
Published: June 2023

Optical detectors are essential for gas detection using optical technology. This study introduces an armchair graphene nanoribbon (AGNR) molecular optical gas detector with two conjugated molecular elements and a non-conjugated interface for gas detection using optical technology. The detector absorbs light and generates peaks in the current-voltage curve that correspond to gas concentration and the Raman frequency spectrum. The detector exhibits negative resistances controlled by input light frequency, suitable for high-frequency oscillators. Multiple gases can be simultaneously identified and monitored using the detector. The detector was analyzed using the non-equilibrium Green function method and offers high-speed, accurate selectivity, precise gas detection, and reproducibility with multiple electrical outputs.
Narrative structures in Colombian fictional web series published on YouTube
Authors: Montoya-Bermúdez Diego F. , Soto-Sanfiel María T.
Published: June 2023

This research seeks to contribute to knowledge of the structural characteristics and narrative complexity that define the web series format. To do so, we look at the case of Colombia’s prolific web series production, undertaken by professional and amateur producers and promoted by institutional and educational programmes. This research analyses the structure of 26 productions (thirteen professional, thirteen amateur) using a mixed-methods approach and an exploratory-descriptive scope. It uses analytical tools created inspired by narratology. Specifically, it offers data that allow us to develop the definition of web series: characteristics of their plots, characters, aspects of narration (time, mood, voice) and forms of endings. The results indicate that Colombian web series mostly present traditional serialized narrative structures and plot simplicity. They have linear, chronological and elliptical narratives developed in the present tense. They also tend to tell a single narrative, albeit through different stories, and leave open endings. Finally, there are only slight differences in these aspects between the two types of producers. These results, based on a specific geographical and industrial context, contribute to knowledge of web series form and its relationship to conventional serialized fiction.
A MATEMÁTICA E O LUGAR DO PROFESSOR NOS ANOS INICIAIS: O PONTO DE VISTA DOS ALUNOS DA PEDAGOGIA
Authors: Ortega Eliane Maria Vani , Santos Vinício de Macedo
Published: June 2023

O presente estudo investiga o processo de construção de saberes dos estudantes de Pedagogia em relação à natureza do conhecimento matemático e a ser professor de Matemática nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, de cunho analítico-descritivo e longitudinal, que foi realizada no período 2007-2010, com alunos do curso de Pedagogia da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, em Presidente Prudente, região oeste do interior do Estado de São Paulo. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa envolveu a utilização de questionário de apoio para a seleção dos sujeitos do curso de Pedagogia e aplicação de entrevistas semi-estruturadas ao final dos anos de 2007, 2008, 2009 e 2010. Os resultados foram analisados a partir de quadro de referência sobre a natureza do conhecimento matemático e os saberes docentes e mostram as alterações de visões dos sujeitos durante a formação inicial. Os sujeitos, a partir da reflexão sobre suas experiências vivenciadas como alunos na educação básica, em cada ano em que são entrevistados, ressignificam seus saberes por meio da influência das diferentes disciplinas estudadas no curso. Os sujeitos entrevistados demonstram uma aproximação da visão do conhecimento matemático como construção humana, preocupação predominante com a relação professor-aluno no processo de aprendizagem e se sentem capazes de sugerir metodologias de ensino. Ao final do curso, eles afirmam que mesmo não tendo domínio completo de alguns conceitos matemáticos, a relação que eles mantém com o conhecimento matemático melhorou e se dizem mais seguros e preparados para trabalhar com a Matemática. Palavras-chave: Natureza do conhecimento matemático; Saberes; Professores dos anos iniciais; Conceitos matemáticos.
A formação docente e a Política Nacional de Alfabetização (PNA): entre perdas e retrocessos
Authors: Gonçalves Glaucia Signorelli de Queiroz , Silva Fernanda Duarte Araújo
Published: June 2023

A alfabetização de crianças e adultos tem sido, historicamente, uma das dificuldades enfrentadas em nosso país e, por isso, é necessário continuarmos os debates acerca da temática. Neste estudo, foi realizada uma análise documental da Política Nacional de Alfabetização (PNA) instituída pelo Decreto n. 9.765, de 11 de abril de 2019, para contemplar as abordagens, os princípios e as diretrizes que embasam esse documento, com vistas a entender a concepção de formação docente que subjaz a PNA; discutir a proposta de alfabetização constante na PNA; debater a relevância das experiências dos(as) alfabetizadores(as) na formulação de uma política pública; e fazer apontamentos consoantes às formulações teóricas contemporâneas, tanto no que diz respeito à alfabetização quanto à formação docente. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunhos documental e bibliográfico, que se desdobrou em duas frentes relativas ao Decreto que institui a PNA e a teóricos como Gatti (2013), Nóvoa (2009, 2011, 2017), Roldão (2010), Tardif (2002), entre outros que discorrem acerca da formação de professores; e Monteiro (2019), Morais (2019) e Mortatti (2019), que tratam da alfabetização. Discutir a PNA e suas relações com a formação docente é ainda um desafio; sendo assim este estudo possibilita compreender os caminhos traçados tanto para a alfabetização quanto para a formação de professores(as) no Brasil.
Recrudescimento das desigualdades de gênero em relação ao trabalho remoto docente na pandemia
Authors: Stumpf Glauce , Souza Sônia , Silva Denise Regina Quaresma da
Published: June 2023

Este artigo analisa, teoricamente, o recrudescimento das desigualdades de gênero durante o trabalho remoto docente, em virtude da pandemia causada pelo novo Covid-19. Para compreendermos as evidências do recrudescimento das desigualdades de gênero, foram apresentados alguns conceitos, como a epistemologia feminista e gênero, partindo de uma análise de imagens do Google. Esses conceitos são importantes para que possamos avançar na análise proposta e ir em direção às categorias desenvolvidas, como a divisão sexual do trabalho, o trabalho não remunerado, as mulheres e a saúde mental e docência e o trabalho remoto.  Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica de cunho qualitativo, a partir dos conceitos elencados. Ao observar as condições do trabalho docente na pandemia, houve o exercício de perceber se houve ou não um aumento na demanda das docentes com o acúmulo de tarefas, bem como a interconexão dos ambientes profissional e domiciliar. Foi observado o quanto, antes da pandemia, já havia uma sobrecarga feminina e inferido que houve um aumento exponencial para as docentes em home office ou, mesmo atualmente, em ideias (e práticas) de ensino híbrido. Estudos teóricos como esse, possibilitam a visibilidade do trabalho docente feminino e a criação de políticas públicas que tornem o trabalho mais equitativo.
NARRATIVAS DE PRESOS CONDENADOS: UM VOCABULÁRIO DA PRISÃO
Authors: Resende Selmo Haroldo de
Published: June 2023

Organiza-se, com base em narrativas de presos condenados, um vocabulário prisional, constituído por palavras e expressões cujos significados são específicos da realidade carcerária. Podendo se dizer que tal organização se caracteriza pela genealogia, na perspectiva de Michel Foucault, uma vez que ativa saberes, retirando-os de sua circulação restrita, de sua discursividade local, específica, propiciando-lhes visibilidade e expressão em outros espaços.  De um ponto de vista mais abrangente reafirma-se que a narrativa permite a amplificação do conhecimento sobre a realidade sócio-histórica e, na especificidade deste trabalho, evidencia-se a elaboração, organização e representação do mundo na prisão, através da linguagem, o que por outros meios ou metodologias dificilmente emergeria. Reforça-se, assim, a noção de que o trabalho com história oral, provocando a construção de narrativas, possibilita-nos aprender um pouco mais sobre o homem e sua relação com o mundo.Palavras-chave: narrativas; genealogia; vocabulário prisional; prisão.
Social Learning Among Autistic Young Adult Tabletop Role Players
Authors: Parks Shawn , Parks A. Lee
Published: June 2023

As children with autism mature into young adulthood, they face continuing and changing social skills challenges, impeding their success in developing and maintaining meaningful relationships in personal, educational, and vocational life domains. There is a need for research exploring solutions to the unique social needs of young adults with autism. Imaginative play activities through TTRPG participation may provide a platform for autistic youth to tap into creative and imaginative avenues of social skills and relationship building. A constructivist grounded theory approach facilitated an in-depth investigation into the perceptions and experiences of young adult autistic tabletop role-playing game (TTRPG) players related to social learning. Twelve participants between the ages of 18 and 22 who had engaged in TTRPG activities for 6 months or more participated in this study. Emergent data revealed a process that started when autistic youth sought solutions to challenges with social skills deficits and loneliness through TTRPG involvement then found a meaningful connection to the TTRPG community. TTRPG game-mechanics offered a range of social skills instruction techniques coupled with a sense of belonging fostered by live gaming communities to lead to reported increases in social skills and subsequent relationship. The findings reveal a framework that might drive future social skills interventions programs for autistic adolescents and young adults.
Effective nursing care for Crohn's disease during pregnancy based on pharmacological treatments.
Authors: Uiyeol Yoon , Burrell Patricia
Published: June 2023

Diet management is very important for patients with Crohn's disease, a chronic enteritis disease. A diet containing foods that are likely to cause enteritis can cause various complications, including inflammation, even if well managed with immunosuppressants.Crohn's disease requires a safe diet for immunomodulation and intestinal inflammation, but it is common for people to experience cycles of active disease and then remission, and various immunosuppressants taken by Crohn's disease patients are used to increase the remission period (Watson, 2021). However, in the case of pregnant women, the pregnancy itself can result in creating dietary restrictions, but if the woman has Crohn's disease, the dietary restrictions are bound to be more involved. The restricted diet is very likely to result in issues in fetal health, and Crohn's disease itself is at risk of reactivation. The inflammatory response of Crohn's disease in the active period during pregnancy can result in fatal problems in fetal health and development, and in more than half of the cases, it has been recorded as the reason for fetal death (Vargo, 2020). Therefore, this study aims to educate patients about the possible complications from Crohn's disease during pregnancy, focusing on diet nutrition management.
Prevalence and Burden of Illness of Rome IV Chronic Idiopathic Constipation, Opioid-Induced Constipation, and Opioid-Exacerbated Constipation in the United States
Authors: Liang Jeff , Almario Christopher V. , Chey William D. , Higgins Carolyn S. , Spiegel Brennan M.R.
Published: June 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) and opioid-induced constipation (OIC) are disorders that negatively affect quality of life. We sought to assess the prevalence, symptom severity, and medication use among people with Rome IV CIC, OIC, and opioid-exacerbated constipation (OEC) using a nationally representative data set with nearly 89,000 people in the United States.

METHODS:

From May 3, 2020, to June 24, 2020, we recruited a representative sample of people in the United States ≥ 18 years to complete an online national health survey. The survey guided participants through the Rome IV CIC and OIC questionnaires, Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System gastrointestinal scales (percentile 0–100; higher = more severe), and medication questions. Individuals with OEC were identified by asking those with OIC whether they experienced constipation before starting an opioid and whether their symptoms worsened afterward.

RESULTS:

Among the 88,607 participants, 5,334 (6.0%) had Rome IV CIC, and 1,548 (1.7%) and 335 (0.4%) had Rome IV OIC and OEC, respectively. When compared with people with CIC (Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System score, 53.9 ± 26.5; reference), those with OIC (62.7 ± 28.0; adjusted P < 0.001) and OEC (61.1 ± 25.8, adjusted P = 0.048) had more severe constipation symptoms. People with OIC (odds ratio 2.72, 95% confidence interval 2.04–3.62) and OEC (odds ratio 3.52, 95% confidence interval 2.22–5.59) were also more likely to be taking a prescription medication for their constipation vs those with CIC.

DISCUSSION:

In this nationwide US survey, we found that Rome IV CIC is common (6.0%) while Rome IV OIC (1.7%) and OEC (0.4%) are less prevalent. Individuals with OIC and OEC have a higher burden of illness with respect to symptom severity and prescription constipation medication use.
Esophageal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Presenting After Definitive Chemoradiation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Same Location
Authors: Prenatt Zarian , Liaquat Hammad , Shupp Brittney , Stoll Lisa , Schneider Yecheskel
Published: June 2023

Esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma is very rare and highly aggressive. An 85-year-old man with a history of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in remission presented 4 years after definitive chemoradiation with new-onset dysphagia. Endoscopy with biopsy revealed high-grade malignancy consistent with neuroendocrine carcinoma. Treatment options were limited to chemotherapy because of his metastatic disease, and he unfortunately died 14 months after diagnosis. The occurrence of esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma in a site of prior squamous cell carcinoma is very uncommon, and this likely represents a case of radiation-induced malignancy. Therefore, when undergoing radiotherapy, patients and providers should discuss the possibility of this life-threatening complication.
Coloniality and Racism in the Spanish Deportation System: Exceptional Practices and Violence During Deportation to Morocco
Authors: Lo Coco Daniela
Published: June 2023

Proponents of biopolitical approaches to migration have recently been accused of epistemological racism by those who advocate postcolonial perspectives. This article aims to contribute to the postcolonial understanding of the Spanish deportation system by focusing on its connections with racism, exception, and violence. It does so by relying on Fanon’s anti-colonial ideas, together with Mbembe’s biopolitical developments and the concept of coloniality. It analyses the deportation system as implemented in Spain and shows that it is within a legal materiality that results in racialised violence, exception and the production of death. The case of Morocco and six direct testimonies of deported nationals are studied. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the deportation system as implemented in Spain is intertwined with coloniality, exception and violence, and often produces the death of racialised groups.
The Pattern of Social Changes in the Samin Community and Its Influencing Factors
Authors: Arif Muhamad , Ghofur Abdul , Puguh Dhanang Respati
Published: June 2023

In general, social changes occurred progressively, but it is not happened in the Samin community. This article aims to analyze the social changes in the Samin community in Tapelan Village and its influencing factors. The research was conducted in Tapelan Village, Ngraho District, Bojonegoro, using a qualitative and descriptive approach. There are two important findings in this study. First, there is a regressive pattern of social change in the Samin community during the colonial period, with the Dutch colonialists taking over teak forests in 1890, forcing the Samin community to leave the forest, becoming a closed society, and developing a unique tradition. Second, there is a progressive pattern of social change in the Samin community during the independence era after rediscovering their identity as an open and adaptive society, with Islamic dakwah as the main driver of social change.
Colonialism and Climate Crisis: The Root of Environmental Changes and the Rise of Environmental Awareness in Indonesia
Authors: Itawan Devi
Published: June 2023

This article explores the roots of environmental changes in the history of the Dutch colonization of Indonesia. It analyzed how the Dutch colonial exploitation, which was based on trade capitalism and later industrial capitalism, drove the re-organization of nature and integrated it into the world market system. As a result, it brought about systematic and structural deforestation, transforming the landscape of many parts of Indonesia. However, the state of deforestation raised concerns about environmental degradation as it is entangled with the importance of sustainability in extracting natural resources. From that point, the colonial environmental awareness paradigm was embarking. This article shows how the Dutch colonization and exploitation system directly led to significant environmental changes accumulated in the current climate crisis. Nevertheless, on the other hand, it also drove environmental awareness.
Writing ‘Anniversary’ in Historical Perspective: A Way to Find Identity
Authors: Sulistiyono Singgih Tri , Amaruli Rabith Jihan , Sarji S.
Published: June 2023

After the Reformation era, especially after implementing the Regional Autonomy Law, each regional government (city and province) in Indonesia has again conducted studies and re-established their ‘anniversary’. Besides focusing on legal and political aspects, historical perspectives in research and determining anniversaries can be used to find the regional identity. Based on it, regional governments can determine the direction of their development. Through the historical method and experience-based approach, this article focuses on the historical method in determining regional anniversaries.
Exploring skeletal muscle tolerance and whole‐body metabolic effects of FDA‐approved drugs in a volumetric muscle loss model
Authors: Bijwadia Shefali R. , Raymond‐Pope Christiana J. , Basten Alec M. , Lentz Mason T. , Lillquist Thomas J. , Call Jarrod A. , Greising Sarah M.
Published: June 2023

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is associated with persistent functional impairment due to a lack of de novo muscle regeneration. As mechanisms driving the lack of regeneration continue to be established, adjunctive pharmaceuticals to address the pathophysiology of the remaining muscle may offer partial remediation. Studies were designed to evaluate the tolerance and efficacy of two FDA‐approved pharmaceutical modalities to address the pathophysiology of the remaining muscle tissue after VML injury: (1) nintedanib (an anti‐fibrotic) and (2) combined formoterol and leucine (myogenic promoters). Tolerance was first established by testing low‐ and high‐dosage effects on uninjured skeletal muscle mass and myofiber cross‐sectional area in adult male C57BL/6J mice. Next, tolerated doses of the two pharmaceutical modalities were tested in VML‐injured adult male C57BL/6J mice after an 8‐week treatment period for their ability to modulate muscle strength and whole‐body metabolism. The most salient findings indicate that formoterol plus leucine mitigated the loss in muscle mass, myofiber number, whole‐body lipid oxidation, and muscle strength, and resulted in a higher whole‐body metabolic rate (p ≤ 0.016); nintedanib did not exacerbate or correct aspects of the muscle pathophysiology after VML. This supports ongoing optimization efforts, including scale‐up evaluations of formoterol treatment in large animal models of VML.
A Domain Decomposition Scheme for Couplings Between Local and Nonlocal Equations
Authors: Acosta Gabriel , Bersetche Francisco M. , Rossi Julio D.
Published: June 2023

We study a natural alternating method of Schwarz type (domain decomposition) for a certain class of couplings between local and nonlocal operators.
We show that our method fits into Lions’s framework and prove, as a consequence, convergence in both the continuous and the discrete settings.
Modulation and performance of synchronous demodulation for speech signal detection and dialect intelligibility
Authors: Abbas Rafed Sabbar , Almosa Hayder Rafea Kareem , Harbi Yahya Jasim
Published: June 2023

Speech processing is one of the fundamental operations in computer science and it is particularly difficult to process and distinguish speech in different Arabic dialects when background noise is present. In any nation, communication skills are crucial. Pushing a button is all it takes for the typical person to make phone calls and leave voicemails but for telecommunications experts, the process is very different. We understand how communication actually works. The terms detection and demodulation are commonly used when addressing the full demodulation process. The procedures and circuits are substantially the same under both designations. As the name implies, demodulation is the opposite of modulation, which is applying a signal, such as an audio signal, to a carrier. The demodulation process isolates the output signal from the audio or other signal that was transmitted using amplitude shifts on the carrier. In this study, a system for distinguishing speech signals was developed using modulation and demodulation to transmit speech by extracting it from a variety of factors, the most significant of which is background noise in addition to a wide variety of dialects, which poses a significant challenge in speech processing. The proposed system was applied to a dataset that was created for a group of voices in different dialects, and by using important techniques, the noise accompanying the voices was deleted and then the voices were processed with other techniques such as modulation and demodulation to distinguish the dialect. The system has proven effective by distinguishing dialects.
Modelling and experimental studies for the recovery of valuable chemical intermediates from mustard husk pyrolysis oil
Authors: Drugkar Kanchan , Gupta Chakinala Anand , Sharma Abhishek
Published: June 2023

This work presents a study on the separation of model compounds representative of mustard husk pyrolysis oil, through a combination of experimental and modelling approaches. Atmospheric and vacuum distillation were used to perform the separation, and the obtained results were validated by means of an Aspen simulation model. To simulate the pyrolysis oil, different fractions present in mustard husk pyrolysis oil were used. Atmospheric distillation was performed at temperatures ranging from 50 to 180 °C, while vacuum distillation was conducted at varying temperatures and pressures. The composition of the distillate and residue was analysed, and it was found that coking occurred due to polymerization reactions, even at moderate temperatures up to ∼100 °C during atmospheric distillation. Therefore, vacuum rotary evaporation was employed to carry out further studies at lower temperatures (50 °C) and pressures (50 mbar), resulting in a recovery percentage of 56 % for lighter fractions and 36 % for heavier fractions, with complete water (62 %) collected in the distillate phase. The simulated feed mixture, which consisted of Guaiacols, furfurals and furan methanols, was distributed equally in both the distillate and residue phases, and the experimental recoveries in distillate and residue phases were found to be similar with simulation values. Further studies are needed to comprehend the separation behaviour of real pyrolysis oil and to minimize polymerization reactions in the column.
Trajectory controllability of nonlinear fractional Langevin systems
Authors: Venkatesan Govindaraj , Pitchaikkannu Suresh Kumar
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we discuss the trajectory controllability of linear and nonlinear fractional Langevin dynamical systems represented by the Caputo fractional derivative by using the Mittag–Leffler function and Gronwall–Bellman inequality. For the nonlinear system, we assume Lipschitz-type conditions on the nonlinearity. Examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results.
Cultural conceptulisations in Elijah Akintunde’s Yoruba ballad gospel song Ijo Odi ‘Dance of the Deaf’
Authors: Taiwo Rotimi , Fawunmi Mayowa , Ogundare Ajibola
Published: June 2023

What kind of actions or reactions can sudden good news elicit in the experiencer? How can these actions/reactions be cognitively interpreted by others? Is there a nexus between social realities and the gospel? Using these questions as a spark, this article critically examines the cultural conceptualisations in Ijo Odi, a Yoruba gospel ballad by Elijah Akintunde. Drawing insights from Cultural Linguistics, this study argues that cultural symbols and structures (schemas, categories, and metaphors) are deployed in gospel music to capture the message of liberation from socio-economic challenges. Specifically, DANCE and DEAFNESS are mapped to express the kind of PERPLEXITY and ABSURDITY that characterise reaction to SUDDEN PLEASANT NEWS. The song also invokes cognitive schemas and cultural memories of dance, cultural class categories and metaphorization of dance and its internalized network of cognitive associations in the Yoruba world view to project the message of prosperity as a miracle. The study concludes that language is firmly grounded in cultural cognition and the complex socio-economic lives of Nigerians can be captured in the negotiation of spirituality in gospel songs. Future research may explore how the artistic performance of other music genres equally evoke cultural imageries in communicating other diverse issues.
Logical perspectives on the foundations of probability
Authors: Hosni Hykel , Landes Jürgen
Published: June 2023

We illustrate how a variety of logical methods and techniques provide useful, though currently underappreciated, tools in the foundations and applications of reasoning under uncertainty. The field is vast spanning logic, artificial intelligence, statistics, and decision theory. Rather than (hopelessly) attempting a comprehensive survey, we focus on a handful of telling examples. While most of our attention will be devoted to frameworks in which uncertainty is quantified probabilistically, we will also touch upon generalisations of probability measures of uncertainty, which have attracted a significant interest in the past few decades.
Long-Term Aging of NPP Ferritic Steels and Components
Authors: Styman Paul , Chivers Katharine , Long Elliot , Ortner Susan
Published: June 2023

A review of long-term thermal aging data from reactor pressure vessel steels shows that the main aging mechanism is embrittlement from phosphorus segregation to grain boundaries. Some softening can be seen in lightly tempered steels or hardening in high-copper steels. An investigation of data from the UK's Sizewell B reactor indicates that hardening may also be distinguishable around flaws if plastic zones are introduced just prior to service in a stress test.
Development and Status of Embrittlement Trend Correlations in France
Authors: Todeschini Patrick , Jourdain William , Jeuland Kevin , Jardin Nicolas , Dal Bianco Christophe , Massoud Jean-Paul
Published: June 2023

This paper reviews the prediction methods used in France for the assessment of irradiation and thermal aging effects. The irradiation embrittlement trend correlation (ETC) was revised in 2007, and a further revision depends on the significant surveillance database expansion that will occur over the next few years. New data will be obtained at high fluences (∼8 × 1023 n/m², E > 1 MeV). The thermal aging ETC was established in the 1990s, and laboratory aging programs were led for its validation. It appears to be too conservative when applied to underclad heat-affected zones.
Low-Dose Ketamine-Induced Deficits in Arbitrary Visuomotor Mapping in Monkeys
Authors: Zhao Zhi-Ping , Nie Chuang , Jiang Cheng-Teng , Cao Sheng-Hao , Tian Kai-Xi , Han Xin-Yong , Yu Shan , Gu Jian-Wen
Published: June 2023

Ketamine, an NMDA antagonist, is widely used in clinical settings. Recently, low-dose ketamine has gained attention because of its promising role as a rapid antidepressant. However, the effects of low-dose ketamine on brain function, particularly higher cognitive functions of primate brains, are not fully understood. In this study, we used two macaques as subjects and found that acute low-dose ketamine administration significantly impaired the ability for arbitrary visuomotor mapping (AVM), a form of associative learning (AL) essential for flexible behaviors, including executions of learned stimuli-response contingency or learning of new contingencies. We conducted in-depth analyses and identified intrinsic characteristics of these ketamine-induced functional deficits, including lowered accuracy, prolonged time for planning and movement execution, increased tendency to make errors when visual cues are changed from trial to trial, and stronger impact on combining associative learning and another key higher cognitive function, working memory (WM). Our results shed new light on how associative learning relies on the NMDA-mediated synaptic transmission of the brain and contribute to a better understanding of the potential acute side effects of low-dose ketamine on cognition, which can help facilitate its safe usage in medical practice.
Use of rhPTH(1-84) for hypoparathyroidism during early pregnancy and lactation
Authors: Liao E Pauline , Cusano Natalie E
Published: June 2023

We present the first report of use of recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-84) (rhPTH(1-84)) in a hypoparathyroid patient during early pregnancy and lactation. The patient developed postoperative hypoparathyroidism as a 28-year-old woman following total thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter. She was not well controlled with conventional therapy, and started rhPTH(1-84) in 2015 following its approval in the United States. She became pregnant in 2018 at age 40. She discontinued rhPTH(1-84) therapy at 5 weeks gestation but resumed in the postpartum period while breastfeeding. Her daughter’s serum calcium was borderline elevated at 8 days postpartum but within the normal range at 8 weeks postpartum. The patient stopped nursing at around 6 months postpartum. Her daughter is now at 4 years and 5 months of age and is healthy and meeting developmental milestones. She was again pregnant at 8 months postpartum from her first pregnancy, and she made an informed decision to continue parathyroid hormone. At 15 weeks gestation, rhPTH(1-84) was recalled in the United States due to issues with the delivery device, and she discontinued rhPTH(1-84) treatment and resumed calcium and calcitriol supplements. She gave birth to a baby boy at 39 weeks in January 2020. At 3 years and 2 months of age, he is overall healthy. Further data are needed regarding the safety of rhPTH(1-84) in pregnancy and lactation.

Learning points

rhPTH(1-84) is approved for therapy of patients with hypoparathyroidism; however, there are no data regarding the safety of treatment during nursing and pregnancy.

There are multiple alterations in mineral metabolism during normal pregnancy and lactation.
SIRT3 overexpression in rat muscle does not ameliorate peripheral insulin resistance
Authors: Osborne Brenna , Wright Lauren E , Brandon Amanda E , Stuart Ella , Small Lewin , Hoeks Joris , Schrauwen Patrick , Sinclair David A , Montgomery Magdalene K , Cooney Gregory J , Turner Nigel
Published: June 2023

Reduced expression of the NAD+-dependent deacetylase, SIRT3, has been associated with insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in humans and rodents. In this study, we investigated whether specific overexpression of SIRT3 in vivo in skeletal muscle could prevent high-fat diet (HFD)-induced muscle insulin resistance. To address this, we used a muscle-specific adeno-associated virus (AAV) to overexpress SIRT3 in rat tibialis and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. Mitochondrial substrate oxidation, substrate switching and oxidative enzyme activity were assessed in skeletal muscles with and without SIRT3 overexpression. Muscle-specific insulin action was also assessed by hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamps in rats that underwent a 4-week HFD-feeding protocol. Ex vivo functional assays revealed elevated activity of selected SIRT3-target enzymes including hexokinase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase that was associated with an increase in the ability to switch between fatty acid- and glucose-derived substrates in muscles with SIRT3 overexpression. However, during the clamp, muscles from rats fed an HFD with increased SIRT3 expression displayed equally impaired glucose uptake and insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis as the contralateral control muscle. Intramuscular triglyceride content was similarly increased in the muscle of high-fat-fed rats, regardless of SIRT3 status. Thus, despite SIRT3 knockout (KO) mouse models indicating many beneficial metabolic roles for SIRT3, our findings show that muscle-specific overexpression of SIRT3 has only minor effects on the acute development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance in high-fat-fed rats.
Recycling glucocorticoids: therapeutic implications of the 11β-HSD1 enzyme system
Authors: Tsai Kevin H , Cooper Mark S
Published: June 2023

Endogenous glucocorticoids and commonly used oral glucocorticoids have the property of existing in an inactive and active form in vivo. The inactive form can be converted back to the active form, or ‘recycled’ in cells and tissues that express the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) enzyme. This recycling provides an important contribution to the action of glucocorticoids. This review examines the literature relating to the importance of 11β-HSD1 activity during glucocorticoid treatment, with an emphasis on studies examining bone and joint disease and the ability of glucocorticoids to suppress inflammatory damage in models of arthritis. Animal models with global or selective deletion of 11β-HSD1 have determined the extent to which this recycling is important in normal physiology and during treatment with oral glucocorticoids. These studies demonstrate that 11β-HSD1-mediated recycling of inactive glucocorticoids has a substantial action and indeed is responsible for the majority of the effects of orally administered glucocorticoids on a range of tissues. Importantly, the anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids appear largely through this mechanism such that mice that lack 11β-HSD1 are resistant to the anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids. The recognition that to a large extent the circulating inactive counterpart of these glucocorticoids is more important to anti-inflammatory effects than the active glucocorticoid presents novel opportunities to more selectively target glucocorticoids to tissues or to reduce the likely side effects.
Effects of seasons and indole-3-buteric acid doses on the propagation of some native rhododendron species by air layering technique in their natural habitats
Authors: Altun Bahadır
Published: June 2023

This research was conducted to determine to the effects of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) doses and propagation season on rooting rates and some root parameters of Rhododendron species, R. ponticum L., R. luteum Sweet, R. ungernii Trautv, and R. caucasicum Pallas. Air layering technique and IBA doses (0, 500 ppm, and 1,500 ppm) were applied to each Rhododendron species in their natural habitat in autumn and spring. In the present investigation, dry root weight (mg), root length (cm), root volume (cm3), and root diameter (mm) were investigated as root quality parameters. The highest rooting efficiency (100%) was obtained from R. caucasicum and R. ungernii species. The rooting efficiencies of R. ponticum (between 6.67% to 66.67%) and R. luteum (between 0% to 53.33%) species were lower than the other two species. The heaviest dry root (266.10 mg), the largest root volume (1.49 cm3), and the thickest root diameter (0.05 cm) were obtained in autumn and 1,500 ppm IBA dose from R. caucasicum species. The longest roots, 349.21 cm, were formed in the R. ungernii species in the spring, during the air layering, in which 500 ppm IBA dose was applied.
Microwave-assisted extraction of functional compounds from plants: A Review
Authors: López-Salazar Herminia , Camacho-Díaz Brenda Hildeliza , Ocampo Martha Lucia Arenas , Jiménez-Aparicio Antonio Ruperto
Published: June 2023

In recent decades, the scientific community has become interested in improving the extraction of bioactive compounds from plants through new extraction techniques. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is an innovative and effective method to extract compounds from different plants of agronomic, medicinal, nutritional, or cosmetic interest. This technique is considered environmentally friendly, as it uses non-toxic solvents. In addition, its energy consumption is lower than conventional extraction techniques. Likewise, this extraction avoids the degradation of the compounds, making it a feasible method. For microwave extraction to be efficient, the following parameters must be considered: solvent characteristics, volume, exposure time, temperature, size and characteristics of plant material, power (MHz), and type of equipment. This review focuses on the interactions of various factors involved to achieve a successful extraction process. The optimization and importance of microwave extraction technology in the research of plant bioactive compounds are discussed in this review article.
Algological studies of the northwestern part of the Black Sea
Authors:   Odesa I.I. Mechnikov National University, Department of Botany, Plant Physiology and Horticulture, 2 Dvoryanska Str., Odesa 65082, Ukraine, Gerasimyuk V.P.
Published: June 2023

A critical and systematic revision of the species composition of microphytobenthos of the northwestern part of the Black Sea was made. The author conducted long-term research (1980–2021), as well as analyzed retrospective data. In total, 524 species of microphytobenthos were found in the northwestern part of the Black Sea, which belong to 185 genera, 99 families, 53 orders, 12 classes, 8 divisions, 4 kingdoms, and 2 empires (domains). Representatives of division Bacillariophyta (413 rank first followed by prevalied over such Cyanoprokaryota (57), Chlorophyta (27), Miozoa (16), Euglenozoa (4), Ochrophyta (4), Haptophyta (2) and Charophyta (1). Nine species are new for the North-Western water area, 8 new species (Rhabdogloea smithii (R. et F. Chodat) Komárek, Cyanothece aeruginosa (Nägeli) Komárek, Calothrsx nidulans Setchell et N.L. Gardner, Fallacia nummularia (Grev.) D.G. Mann, Amphora kujalnitzkensis, Pinnularia brauniana (Grunow) Mills, Geissleria ignota (Krasske) Lange-Bert. et Metzeltin, Euglena satelles Brasl.-Spect.) of algae are represented for the Black Sea water area. Fifteen species were recorded as rare taxa for the North-Western part of the Black Sea. In the course of the revizion of the species composition of the Black Sea flora, 7 new taxonomic combinations of microscopic algae have been proposed.
Transformations of capitalist development and rents in the era of digitalization
Authors:   Institute of Industrial Economics of NAS of Ukraine, Zaloznova Yuliya , Buleev Ivan ,   Institute of Industrial Economics of NAS of Ukraine, Bryukhovetskaya Natalya ,   Institute of Industrial Economics of NAS of Ukraine
Published: June 2023

The features of modern stage of capitalist manufacturing functioning are investigated beginning from its European origin through Anglo-Saxon formation to Euro-Atlantic leadership. The development is characterized by the outstripping growth of technocratic factors, preservation of mentality of European societies, departure from world values and religions and destruction of spirituality. The facade of modern capitalism is constituted by its "core" (G-7, part of the G-20 states). Up to 50 states are allies (satellites) of the core. Most of the world's countries are the periphery of the global world system of capitalism. The main models that were used and still are by capitalism in economic management, in innovation from its inception to the present day are considered. The risks, faced by countries that mechanically use the "core" models are noted. The sources of financing the models of development of economic agents and enterprises, using traditional systems of taxation, budget formation are shown. The necessity and expediency of the use of rent (economic, natural, intellectual, etc.) in the formation of the budgets of economic agents at all levels, the increase of its importance and role in the digitalization of production, activities of economic agents and enterprises is proved. A new integral system of management, in which spirituality, values, rent relations, science, ICT, digitalization play an important role, is considered as a promising model of development.
RECURRENT LENTIGO MALIGNA: CONSERVATIVE CONTINUOUS TREATMENT WITH IMIQUIMOD OR REPEATED SURGERY? A LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP DERMOSCOPIC CASE STUDY
Authors: De Giorgi V. , Zuccaro B. , Silvestri F. , Venturi F. , Colombo J. , Trane L.
Published: June 2023

A case of recurrent lentigo maligna in a 45-year-old woman is presented. The disease relapsed several times following the surgical excision of the lesion. An alternative treatment with imiquimod 5% cream was then used. After 4 years of follow-upfrom the last surgery, this treatment achieved total clearance of the lesion. The problems of lentigo maligna diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
COMPARISON OF 2D AND 3D PRIMARY CELL CULTURES OBTAINED FROM EXPLANT OF HIGH-GRADE UROTHELIAL BLADDER CANCER
Authors: Garmanchuk L.V. , Yakovlev P.G. , Ostrovska G.V. , Stupak Yu.A. , Skachkova O.V. , Gorbach O.I. , Stepanov Yu.V.
Published: June 2023

Studying the biological characteristics of bladder cancer in primary culture can be an effective way for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, as well as choosing a scheme for personalized therapy. Aim: To characterize and compare 2D and 3D primary cell cultures obtained from the same tumor sample resected from a patient with high-grade bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: 2D and 3D primary cell cultures were obtained from explants of resected bladder cancer. Glucose metabolism, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and level of apoptosis were studied. Results: Multicellular tumor spheroids (3D) differ from planar culture (2D) by more pronounced consumption of glucose from the culture medium (1.7 times higher than 2D on Day 3 of culture), increased lactate dehydrogenase activity (2.5 times higher on Day 3 vs. Day 1 of cultivation, while in 2D culture LDH activity is constant), stronger acidification of the extracellular environment (pH dropped by 1 in 3D and by 0.5 in 2D). Spheroids demonstrate enhanced resistance to apoptosis (1.4 times higher). Conclusion: This methodological technique can be used both for tumor characterization and for selection of optimal postoperative chemotherapeutic schemes.
Synphytoindication assessment of the steppe part of vegetation of the Syniukha River valley (the Southern Bug catchment area, Ukraine)
Authors:   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, LAVRINENKO K.V. , DIDUKH Ya.P. ,   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, KUZEMKO A.A. ,   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: June 2023

The article describes vegetation diversity patterns of the steppe part of the Synyukha River valley (the Southern Bug catchment area, southern Ukraine), which is represented by 20 alliances, 14 orders, and 13 classes. It has been found that general differentiation of the vegetation is most influenced by edaphic factors (soil moisture, nitrogen content, and aeration), and somewhat less – by damping variability, salinity and acidity regime. The vegetation ecofactors of the alliances Festucion valesiacae, Berberidion vulgaris, Prunion spinosae, and Prunion fruticosae best correspond to the background ecological indicators of the steppe part of the Syniukha River basin. The high cenotic diversity and specific vegetation of the granite outcrops were observed. Based on the calculations, we demonstrated that the steppe part of the Syniukha River catchment area is the southern limit of distribution of Carpinion betuli forests due to the conditions close to the limits of their ecological optimum.
On the structure of some nilpotent braces
Authors: Dixon M.R. , Kurdachenko L.A.
Published: June 2023

We prove a criteria for nilpotency of left braces in terms of the $\star$-central series and also discuss Noetherian braces, obtaining some of their elementary properties. We also show that if a finitely generated brace $A$ is Smoktunowicz-nilpotent, then the additive and multiplicative groups of $A$ are likewise finitely generated.