bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of population pressure on land to Manggar watershed at East Belitung Regency, Bangka Belitung Island Province, Indonesia
Authors: Hidayat M Y
Published: November 2021

Population pressure triggers farmers to expand their cultivation area due to population growth. East Belitung Regency, an expanded area of Belitung Regency, has developed into a new economic center on Belitung Island. The agricultural sector which has the largest contribution to the economy of east Belitung, but it has a negative impact due to the increasing demand for land by the community. This research examines the population pressure on agricultural land in each sub-district area as part of Manggar Watershed. The recent study presents the results of spatial analysis of land cover overlaying to the population of the Manggar watershed using ArcGIS 10.1 software. The results showed that three sub-districts intersect one another, namely Gantung sub-district (2.17%), Kelapa Kampit sub-district (12.49%), and Manggar sub-district (83.34%). In addition, there are ten types of land cover in the Manggar watershed, and the most prominent area is dominated by mining (8,709 Ha). Population pressure on agricultural land in the Manggar watershed is classified as moderate for the Gantung sub-district and low for the Kelapa Kampit and Gantung sub-districts. Furthermore, this study also revealed that land exploitation for the agricultural mean is still below its carrying capacity. Nevertheless, it is necessary to improve the better management of land-use systems in the Manggar watershed.
Peat water quality in Block C Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan
Authors: Wahyuni R , Hidayat M Y , Saragih G S , Efadeswarni E , Siswadi S , Pitalokasari O D , Pandiangan Y S H
Published: November 2021

The increasing need for agricultural land has led to a shift in the cultivation of vegetation on peatland especially food crops. Agricultural activities on peatland require careful planning, appropriate technology application, and proper management due to the marginal and the fragile peatland ecosystem. Research and development are needed to evaluate the carrying capacity of environmental impacts on peatland use. This study aimed to obtain information on the water quality of peat domes, primary canals, and secondary canals of Block C, Pulang Pisau Regency. The study area is now mostly used for agricultural activities. The analysis was carried out in a descriptive qualitative manner based on water parameter testing results to assess the water quality of peat domes, primary canals, and secondary canals of each type of peatland use in Buntoi, Garung, and Kanamit Barat Village. The results indicated that five chemical parameters exceeded the water quality criteria for Class II PP No. 22/2021 namely BOD, COD, free chlorine, zinc, and lead in Buntoi. Further, in Garung, six chemical parameters exceeded the water quality criteria: DO, BOD, COD, free chlorine, lead, and copper. Meanwhile, in Kanamit Barat Village, seven chemical parameters exceeded the criteria: DO, BOD, COD, free chlorine, zinc, lead, and copper. Based on this research, therefore, agricultural activities on this peatland area should consider the natural characteristics of peat water and the selection of suitable plants.
Distribution of schistosomiasis intermediate snail in Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Widjaja J , Samarang  , Koraag M , Srikandi Y , Kurniawan A
Published: November 2021

Schistosomiasis in Indonesia is only found in three locations, namely the Napu Highland and the Bada Highland in Poso District and the Lindu Highland in Sigi District, Central Sulawesi Province. The disease is caused by Schistosoma japonicum with snail Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis as its intermediate host. The previous study found that almost all of this host snail foci area were distributed in the seepage water near the Lore Lindu National Park area. Unfortunately, there was no evidence whether O. h. lindoensis exists in the Lore Lindu National Park Area. The study aimed to map the focus areas of schistosomiasis intermediate host snails in the Lore Lindu National Park. The survey was conducted in February 2018, covering 12 villages belong to Napu Highland, Bada Highland, and Lindu Highland. Data collection included surveys on the snail habitat and the snail density. In both activities, geographic coordinates were determined using Global Positioning System (GPS). The results showed 14 foci areas of O. h. lindoensis were found in the buffer zone of Lore Lindu National Park.
Comparative Study of Existing Cement Fly Ash Gravel pile and Encased Stone Column Composite Foundation
Authors: Umravia N. B. , Solanki C.H.
Published: November 2021

The Cement Fly Ash and Gravel (CFG) Pile and Encased Stone Column (ESC) are the ground improvement techniques. The main object of the study is to the numerical analysis of the Both techniques pile group were used to support the Embankment with and without the geotextile both techniques composite foundation by the Finite Element method under static and dynamic load analysis. Numerical simulation has been carried out in Plaxis 3D. A case study from china’s highspeed embankment supported by CFG and ESC have investigated the load caring capacity by soil and pile. While the failure behaviors, settlement, excess pore pressure, and lateral behavior with variable embankment loading and number of geosynthetic effect moreover, the diameter of CFG piles and ESC at various locations in an embankment has been varied to study its influence on the load distribution among the CFG piles/ESC and lateral load displacement of the pile group. The results show that increasing the diameter of both techniques reduced the total settlement and differential settlement of embankment. It observed that the seismic load has a significant effect on the vertical and lateral displacement.
Response Reduction Factor for Lateral Load Resisting Frames with Vertical Discontinuity of Asymmetrical Structure
Authors: Dongare Trupti , Kulkarni Preeti
Published: November 2021

In recent times, the RC building construction with vertical discontinuity that is floating column structures are unavoidable feature and increases trends day by day. To reduce lateral forces the earthquake resistance structures are designed so the response reduction factor (R) is used to determine these lateral forces by using base shear values. The R factor depends upon the overstrength factor, ductility factor, redundancy factor also the sizes of columns, types of soil, zones and load transferring path, etc. The IS code provides response reduction factor only for OMRF and SMRF along with other structures like Braced frame system, Structural wall system, Dual system, Flat slab structure wall system, etc. so there are no codal provisions for floating column structures. Thus it is essential to study the real behaviours of RC buildings with discontinuity in load transferring path through non-linear static analysis, so the present research work is done on trying to find R factor for vertical discontinuous asymmetrical structure for different soil conditions and different positions of floating column using moment resisting frames. And the structure is analyzed by response spectrum analysis and non-linear static analysis using SAP2000 software.
Comparative Analysis of 3D Steel and Glulam Trusses Using ABAQUS
Authors: Parthasarathy Arunachalam , Mahalingam Smriti , Sridharan Subhiksha , Chethala Sai Pavan Kalyan , Vidjeapriya R
Published: November 2021

This study aims at developing an innovative and sustainable 3D truss system that can be applied in a variety of scenarios where intermediary propping is a hindrance. One prominent and pertinent application of such a system is in archaeological sites where long spans and no intermediary propping are desired. Previous research and studies have developed an innovative 3D steel truss for the same application. This study aims to further the innovation by providing a more sustainable alternative through Glulam and Glulam-Bamboo hybrid variations which are able to withstand similar loads as that of the steel truss but offering more sustainability and less impact on the environment as well as a light weight alternative. The results of such an alternative truss system are discussed here. One obvious problem faced with the alternative wood system was the large deflections observed and also certain regions with impermissible stresses. In addition, the proposed joint in the Glulam truss has been modelled and analyzed. It was found that the Glulam truss with lateral restraints at every quarter length of the span showed the best results in terms of deflection and stress developed. Also, the Glulam-Bamboo hybrid truss without any lateral restraints proved to be an equally effective alternative from a structural standpoint. The proposed joint system for the glulam truss also proved to be effective. The study concludes with a cost benefit analysis (CBA) between the steel, glulam and Glulam-Bamboo hybrid systems, which compares the viability of the proposed designs from an economic standpoint. The CBA shows that about 46% and 48% of costs are minimized on employing Glulam, Glulam- Bamboo respectively, instead of using Steel for the truss.
Stability Analysis of Directional Tunnel in Sandy Soil
Authors: Raghavendra Kumar R , Gupta Rajiv
Published: November 2021

In recent times, water storage is becoming a confronting task because of the depletion of water resources worldwide. Domestic rainwater harvesting and human-made structures for water procurement achieved significance because of the increase in intermittent water accessibility. In turn, functional water infrastructures fetch prominence in the wake of constructive coordination among the communities in a locality. Low water security and losses through evaporation observed by practising different rainwater harvesting methods create a research gap to construct water infrastructure in rural areas to procure water productively. The current research work represents the model of a water storage structure, named directional tunnel (DT), which is placed below the ground level in a declination, as it reduces evaporation and temperature, thus storing rainwater for longer days. DT stores runoff and rainwater collected from the rooftop of multiple houses in a selected locality. The detailed working of the DT is discussed using Building Information Modelling (BIM) concept. Combined with the engineering geological characteristics, the DT’s stability during water storage comes into the picture as the whole structure interacts with the soil. The current study also focuses on the behaviour of DT with respect to sandy soil using PLAXIS 3D software, and the results are interpreted for practical viability.
Noise Reduction Using Concrete Barriers: A Case Study
Authors: Dasarathy A. K. , Tamil selvi M.
Published: November 2021

Noise pollution is becoming more and more acute, and hence many researchers are studying the noise attenuation effect and prevention of noise. In this study an attempt has been made to find the reduction in noise levels at National Highway 45 near peerkankaranai in Chennai. Two sensitive places were selected along NH 45 by examining attenuation of noise by providing noise barriers in the form of concrete structures.

The primary goal of this project was to identify innovative design of noise barrier that has the potential to be implemented in NH 45, Chennai. Based on the research and evaluation conducted for this study, it was recommended that two innovative barrier designs be implemented in Chennai. First, a noise prediction is made at the specified location on the highway under certain traffic conditions in order to determine the noise level by measurement and decide on the barrier requirement. The installation of sound barriers is feasible enough to cause a significant decrease in noise pollution at the roads. Considerable noise attenuation is achieved by providing concrete noise barrier.

The paper provides Leq at the time of traffic data recorded was 105.1 dBA at NH45 and 91.108 dBA at NH5 during the time of observation at installation of barrier the values are 70.09 dBA 79.11 dBA, respectively. Noise reduction is possible and noise reduction is predominantly reduced by providing barrier.
Analytical Design of Irregular Buildings founded on soft soil
Authors: Yadav Abhishek , Bhardwaj Shobhit , Karam Zenia , Kumari Madhuri
Published: November 2021

In modern day, due to the need of unique architectural appearance or aesthetics of building, irregularities in mass, stiffness and symmetry may get disturbed, making the whole structure vulnerable to certain damages either minor or major. Some of the functional considerations of these structures are use of ground floor as car parking in residential buildings, use of basement as car parking in malls, etc. Seismic range is one the most important factors to be considered to analyze any irregular structure. In this study, the design of different G+6 structures having vertical regularity was done. These irregular structure models were compared with a regular G+6 structure having similar properties as other structures. For the designing and analysis of these structures, use of StaadPro software was done. It is one of the most used software, whenever it comes to the digital analysis of any structure. Different types of Vertical irregularities like mass irregularity, Vertical Setback Irregularity, Stiffness Irregularity (Discontinuous Column, Middle weak storey and Bottom Weak Storey) were considered for the analysis. The Seismic Zone for the structure is considered to be Delhi (Seismic Zone IV) with a Seismic Factor of 0.24. All the model structures were compared for the parameters of their Storey Drift and Storey Displacement. For irregular buildings though, certain damages/fatigue may be observed in some structures but the structures will not fail and will be serviceable for a long time with proper care. It was observed that the structures with stiffness irregularity showed the most increase in storey displacement and storey drift values.
Seismic Response Control of Elevated Water Tank using Base Isolation: A Review
Authors: Nimbekar Sanket , Dabhekar K. R. , Solanke S. S. , Khedikar Isha P , Sonawane Er. Tushar H.
Published: November 2021

Earthquake events are not something which can be avoidable. The Indian subcontinent has a background marked by devasting quakes. Quakes are generally caused when the stone underground out of nowhere breaks along an issue. Ground shake is caused by seismic waves due to sudden release of energy. The Centre of earthquake vibration is known as epicentre. Due to earthquake millions of lives are lost which can never be affordable. Most of the structures are subjected to vibrations; it causes destruction of country’s infrastructure. In the recent earthquakes many well designed concrete structures have been severely damaged or collapsed. To protect structures from response reduction of structures and important harm under such serious earthquakes has become a vital theme in structural engineering. In this investigation, we evaluated seismic performance of staging system of elevated water storage tank with or without Base Isolation by using SAP2000. From this examination the powers following up on elevated water tank because of seismic powers are determined for zone IV.
Structural health assessment of reinforced concrete structure
Authors: Raut A A , Pachpor P D , Mase D P
Published: November 2021

There is a magnificent rise in repair, retrofitting and rehabilitation in construction industry in recent years. Concrete is a major used material in construction for various structures mainly because it deteriorates at a low rate. Concrete alone is durable but for structural application, Reinforced concrete is used. Reinforced concrete structures are not that durable because of number of reasons such as variation in construction methods, loading condition in service life and subsequent attack by environmental factors. The external symptoms range from cracking to spalling of concrete. In maximum field cases the main cause of deterioration are penetration of water and aggressive chemicals attack. Carbonation, Chloride ingress, leaching, sulphate attack, alkali-silica reaction are known responsible causes. Due to these reasons, during service life the structure deteriorates, and hence monitoring is required. If the condition of structure is below acceptable limit considering various parameters considered, the structure requires repair and retrofitting. For the study, we have considered G+3 Storey commercial building with a basement. Non-Destructive and Chemical Test. The Rebound hammer, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test, Cover Meter Test, pH Test, Carbonation Test and Chloride Content Test are carried out to understand and analyze the current condition of the structure. The result computed from field and lab test were used as parameters for analyzing the structure in STAAD PRO Software. After assessing, the strengthening scheme for reinforced concrete structural components such as beams, columns and slab is discussed and suggested to increases the service life of structure.
Comparative Study Of Conventional Slab, Flat Slab And Grid Slab Using ETABS
Authors: Sawwalakhe Abhijit K , Pachpor Prabodh D
Published: November 2021

In today’s construction, the traditional slab is mostly supported by a beam, with a small slab thickness and a large beam depth, and the weight is carried from beam to column. The flat slab allows architects to place partition walls wherever they are needed. It is widely used because it reduces weight, speeds up building, and is cost effective. Similarly, since its inception, the conventional slab has provided benefits such as increased stiffness, increased weight carrying ability, as well as being safe and cost effective. Grid slabs are necessary where the span is greater, and grid beams are provided to lessen the spanning. Grid slabs reduce dead load due to voids and are appropriate for longer spans with heavy loads. The Grid slab is less expensive and provides superior vibration resistance. The project’s goal is to find the most cost-effective slab among standard slab, flat slab with drop, and grid slab. A G+5 Commercial multi-story structure with flat slab, conventional slab, and gird slab was investigated for characteristics such as storey displacement, shear force, bending moment, and storey drift in this study. There are a total of 18 structures examined. The performance and behaviour of all structures in India’s seismic zone III have been investigated with the application of dead load, live load and seismic load. The results of shear force, Bending Moment, story shear, story displacement, story drift and quantity of concrete and steel shows that the overall result values makes flat slab a suitable structure as compared to the conventional and grid slab.
Use of added damping devices with special emphasis on Multiple Tuned mass dampers: Review
Authors: Pitale N.H. , Kalamkar Avinash , Patil P.B.
Published: November 2021

Shock absorbers are an important part of the design under high seismic conditions. As the life of the structure increases, so does the strength and flexibility. In different performance modes, the control of the shock absorber requires considerable effort, which indicates the need for shock absorbers. Concentrate on making the most of it.
Review on “Assessment of the effect of lateral dynamic forces on rcc cantilever l-shaped and t-shaped retaining wall with height variations”
Authors: Harode Jayesh , Dabhekar Kuldeep , Pawade P.Y. , Khedikar Isha
Published: November 2021

It is now becoming very essential to analyse the behaviour of retaining structures due to their wide infrastructural applications. The important factors which are affecting the stability of the retaining wall are the distribution of earth pressure on the wall, material of backfill & its reaction against earth pressure. There are several types of retaining walls, out of them the cantilever retaining wall is adopted for present design and study. In this paper, the study of literature based on the design of the cantilever retaining walls under seismic or dynamic conditions is studied. From the studied literature, many authors performed their calculations in Excel sheets by a manual method. Then the Results obtained from the manual calculation are then validated in STAAD pro. Several authors show the calculated quantity of steel and concrete required for various heights of walls. It is also concluded from the study that the design of cantilever retaining wall is suitable, safe, and economical up to a height of 6m, after that banding moment at toe increases. Some authors have also shown the calculated factor of safety for different height conditions. From the study of mentioned literature, we can recommended to also show the graph of bending moment with height variation.

Both the designs are done for various heights ranging from 3 m to 6 m.
Measurement of volume fraction of air in water: experimental Study
Authors: Dilip Singh J , Senthilkumar G
Published: November 2021

In multi phase mixing of flow streams, the measurement of fraction of individual components with consideration of proportion of volume need to be analyzed considering the serious issues in many chemical and other processing industries. Even though, quantifiable measurements technique are exist for the calculation of solubility, partial pressure, molar fraction and VOF, the VOF measurement is the meaningful measure of percentage fraction of air in water. In this experimental procedure, the method to resolve the Volume fraction (VOF) is discussed and the same is achieved by impedance probe method.
Geospatial Approach for the Assessment and Analysis of Flood Risk in the region of Nanjangud town, Mysore District, Karnataka, India
Authors: Yadav Arunkumar , Hema H C , Kappadi Pramodkumar , Agasnalli Chandrashekharappa
Published: November 2021

Flooding in urban and rural areas is one of the utmost challenges to human safety. Destruction of the properties is the main issue in urban areas and damage to the agriculture practices in the rural area. Flood risk is rising significantly all over the globe. The regional water cycle and water resource availability are governed by the rainfall event, which is a fundamental meteorological parameter. The objective of the study is to examine the rainfall variability for 25 years from the period from 1995 to 2020 for monthly and annual rainfalls in the part of Nanjangud taluk, Mysore district, Karnataka. During the last three years that is 2017 to 2019 during the southwest monsoon, it is noted that the severity of flood increased in the surrounding of Nanjangud town, due to the heavy rainfall and excess amount of water released has augmented the inflow source of flooding. The assimilation of Remotely Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) is capable to generate a sequence of thematic maps that were helpful to create geospatial data for demarcating flood hazard areas. This study discusses the probable flood risk-prone regions of the Kabini river basin near Nanjangud town based on the multi-ring buffered layer analysis. The buffered layers created for the radius of 250m, 500m 750m, and 1000m were overlaid on the Sentinel-2 satellite image and topographic map to delineate the flood-affected region. To calculate the slope and drainage density, the SRTM DEM data was used. Structural and nonstructural practices are proposed in this study can be implemented to reduce the probability of the effect of floods.
Comparative vulnerability analysis of structure with sand and soft soil
Authors: Shripurwar Swarup , Patil P B , Pitale Nikhil , Sanghai S
Published: November 2021

World frequently faces the seismic activities at different locations with varying intensities causing heavy damage to the property. Here we are doing Comparative vulnerability study between two soil type which is sand and soft soil. We will analyze two building having same dimensions, beam column sections. This paper represents the comparative vulnerability analysis which have been resulted using pushover analysis. Also the plastic hinge properties have been utilized for calculating the seismic vulnerability index to examine the performance stages of the selected building, complete used software is SAP 2000.
An Empirical Case Study and Approach on TQM in a Stipulated Construction Firm
Authors: Mohan Anjani Kumar P. , Raut Ashwin
Published: November 2021

In comparison to other sectors such as manufacturing and service, the construction sector is perceived to impose a low value on performance. TQM is implemented by very few construction companies in this world, and the top-down technique is widely used. To incorporate TQM in a company, top management must contribute to a “bottom-up” strategy by creating a “Quality Circle.” According to this study, the first and most important criteria for introducing TQM in construction firms is top management involvement, other obstacles that companies must overcome include a lack of education, lack of confidence, lack of common trust, a lack of skilled staff, market competition, weak strategies and requirements, bad behavior, the availability of experienced field managers, and so on. In this approach, one case study is analyzed to show how Total Quality Management (TQM) is efficiently applied by using a “bottom-up” approach and creating a PMO in an Indian construction company. After some study of the Pareto graph, and identifying root causes using Root Cause analysis, experience is applied in the provided studied construction firm to apply TQM. Following that, a method for applying TQM in a building company is suggested.
Application of Time and Motion study for Brickwork activity in Residential building
Authors: Vinod Kumar Reddy G , Shyam Chambrelin K
Published: November 2021

Construction industry is one of the largest industries in any economy whether gauged in currency volume or workforce quantity but still it is not attentive in appealing it. Human resource plays a vital role in increasing economy and enhancing productivity. Labor productivity is the key driving factor in burgeoning thrift. Various labors possess distinct productivity levels, thus ultimately affects time and profit of construction. Construction activities performed by workers are usually repetitive and demands physical attention, which can be examined by time and motion study followed by evaluation through statistical analysis. A time and motion study are a work measurement technique that involves recording the time spent on a specific job. A time keeping system can be used to record time, while a motion study can be used to eliminate waste. In this research work, a total of seven residential building sites were selected for performing time and motion study considering brick masonry work as main domain where vision-based approach is followed to collect data, i.e., video record study followed by statistical analysis applied to the observed and collected data on site to determine the time parameters, work efficiency and labor productivity construing to the hassles and its reasons. This study focused on only residential buildings limiting the crew designation to mason and helpers aged 25-35 years with 10-16 years of work experience working under traditional method with conditioned tools like hand trowel, mason square, spirit level, plumb rule, etc.
Optimization of bentonite modified cement mortar parameters at elevated temperatures using RSM
Authors: Vijay Ch. , Achyutha Kumar Reddy M.
Published: November 2021

The inaccessibility of industrial wastes necessitated the search for natural pozzolanic materials. This paper deals the optimization of bentonite utilization in cement mortar at elevated temperatures using response surface methodology. The substitution of calcined bentonite (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) and temperature exposure (24°C, 200°C, 400°C and 600°C) were taken as variables. The compression strength and strength activity tests for all mixes were carried out for bentonite. Design Expert 11.0 version was utilized for modelling using RSM. The peak compressive strength was displayed by 20% replaced bentonite calcined at 200°C cement mortar after 28 days curing. Strength activity was improved upon increasing the percentage of bentonite calcined at 200°C. The generated models from RSM are significance in all the factors considered. Optimum solutions were proposed with more than 0.90 desirability.
Feasibility study of concrete by using polyethylene terephthalate fiber in enhancing the mechanical properties of concrete
Authors: Rathod Kartik D , Khedikar Isha , Dabhekar Kuldeep
Published: November 2021

In these project Polyethylene terephthalate fiber (PET) fibers are use to improve the mechanical property of concrete and minimize the environmental pollution of earth. PET is use to prepare container for water, cold drinks, food etc. which is single used and it thrown in to the sea, dump on free land and burning. It cause many serious effect on animals, sea animals, destroy land fertility and other health related issues. The PET material are used to improve mechanical property of concrete like compressive strength, dry and wet density and static and dynamic elastic modulus. Thus fibers are available in natural and artificial material. Now a days, artificial fibers are widely used in India. The types of fibers are plastic fibers, glass fibers, steel fibers etc. In India according to solid waste management data is 15,350 tons daily and 1,84,120 tons annually generate, but only 9,350 tons daily and 1,12,120 tons annually collected. So the uncollected data is that about 6000 tons daily and 72,000 tons annually uncollected, in such a way that it causes many problems to the atmosphere so that it becomes environmentally harmful. For developing country concrete is most important material. It is extensively used in construction industry. Concrete have many advantages like long service life, durability, chemical attack resistance etc. Thus concrete has some many disadvantage like low tensile strength, flexural strength and cracks. To overcome these disadvantage add some supplements in concrete to improve its strength. The fiber are one of them. It reduces environmental problem it becomes eco-friendly. In case of compressive strength test, wet density test and direct method of UPV result are obtain as concrete carry higher applied load also it give high compressive strength, high wet and dry density of concrete and quality of concrete is good when adding 0.4% of shape - 01 PET fiber in concrete.
Transitions in rheological properties of modified bitumen containing chemical additives
Authors: Poorna Prajna S , Lakshmi P S , Gayathri G , Beulah M , Sudhir M R
Published: November 2021

Bitumen typically performs the function of a binder due to its adhesive properties and the ability to assume liquid form when heated and solid form when cooled. The softening of pavement bitumen during summer temperatures causes rutting on roads and its winter fragility leads to low-temperature cracking. In order to address these issues, a variety of additives have been proposed over the years as modifiers to improve the performance of bituminous concrete. In this direction, the aim of the present work was to establish the efficacy of the chemical additives, namely, titanium dioxide and carbon black in bitumen. To accomplish this objective, plain bitumen and modified bitumen samples with different percentages of titanium dioxide and carbon black were prepared and tested for various rheological properties. The study also examined the viscoelastic behaviour of the samples using dynamic shear rheometer. The findings of this study demonstrated that titanium dioxide and carbon black in bitumen are strong viscosity enhancers. Also, the modified bitumen specimen yielded in high phase angle indicating high viscous behavior and higher resistance to rutting and fatigue. The research findings also suggested that titanium dioxide and carbon black aid in the preparation of durable and sustainable mixtures for flexible pavements.
Parametric Analysis of Single-Cell Box Girder Bridge
Authors: Manjula R. , Amrutha A.
Published: November 2021

Bridges based on box girders concept are extensively utilized for their cost saving solution for different passages & viaducts that are seen in the present day highway systems. The behavior of box girder bridges is analyzed for stresses in longitudinal and transverse directions. In this paper, analysis of three different box girders has been carried out using SAP2000 as per Indian Road Congress(IRC) provisions for rectangular and trapezoidal sections. The behaviors of box girders with uniform depth and varying widths have been analyzed. A parametric study is conducted for various parameters like bending moments, axial force & shear force using SAP2000.
Comparative Study of Seismic Behaviour of Diagrid Structure with Conventional Structure
Authors: Babhulkar Saurabh , Dabhekar Kuldeep R , Sanghai S.S. , khedikar Isha P
Published: November 2021

Diagrid framework has arisen as an inventive underlying framework with a stylish view in the plan of tall structures. In this investigation, seismic execution of 15-story diagrid structures with fluctuating points are assessed utilizing reaction range examination Further more in request to assess the impact of diagrid center on conduct of designs. Actually diagrid essential system is gotten in tall constructions on account of its basic usefulness and versatility in plan organizing. Stood out from solidly scattered vertical areas in illustrated chamber, diagrid structure includes skewed sections outwardly surface of building. Because of slanted sections horizontal burdens are opposed by hub activity of the askew contrasted with twisting of vertical segments in customary construction. Plan and development of counterfeit foundation on the lines of biomicking standards require the improvement of exceptionally advance primary framework which has the characteristics of style articulation, underlying effectiveness and above all mathematical adaptability. Diagrid the most recent change of cylindrical constructions, have an ideal mix of the above characteristics. In this paper, the peculiarities of the diagrid its essential lead under stacking and the arrangement and advancement of diagrid centers are portray A context oriented examination of some new diagrid tall constructions, to be explicit the Swiss Re in London, the hearst tower in New York, and the west Guangzhou Tower in china is moreover presented.
Seismic Performance of L-Shaped Building Through Plan Irregularities
Authors: Chhatani Yash , Pawade Prashant Y , Dabhekar Kuldeep R , khedikar Isha P
Published: November 2021

Tremors are called one in everything about preeminent erratic and annihilating of every cataclysmic event, be that as it may, the flighty idea of the incidence of those seismic tremors makes it inconvenient to hinder loss of living souls and annihilation of properties, if the constructions don’t seem to be designed to oppose such seismic tremor powers. During this paper, a shot has been made to review set up irregularities specifically torsional irregularity and re-entrant corners within the frame structure. These inconsistencies square measure made according to IS 1893:2016 (part1) code. Irregular model and regular model were considered which were analyzed exploitation ETABS 2018 to see the unstable reaction of the structure. The models were analyzed exploitation static and dynamic ways, parameters thought-about being displacement, story drift, torsional irregularity.
Use of Tuned Liquid Damper to Control Structural Vibration Structural.
Authors: Chawhan Rechal L. , Pitale Nikhil H. , Solanke S.S. , Saiwala Mangesh
Published: November 2021

The aim of this paper is to study the tuned liquid damper and it’s effectivness. The tunned liquid dampers are simply tuned mass damper where the liquid (usually water) replaces the mass.Tuned liquid dampers is a water tank placed over the structure which is able to reduce the dynamic structural response subjected to stimulation through sloshing effect. The effectiveness of tuned liquid damper depends upon various parameters. Tuned liquid damper are suitable for high rise building rather than short building. The tuned liquid damper decreases effect of harmonic excitation by Dissipating the energy of excitation through sloshing phenomenon.
“Structural Audit of an Old Building” (A Case Study)
Authors: Kondalkar Ragini , Pitale Nikhil H. , Dabhekar K.R. , Mase D.P.
Published: November 2021

In India there are infinite old structures that are at the verge of damages. There are many buildings which have reduced their strength due to time passes, due to deterioration of concrete from structural element, due to development of cracks. The structure is a combination of load carrying members, damages in members cause failure of structure and it is harmful for living beings. To prevent old structure from failure the technique is adopted know as Non-Destructive Testing (NDT). With the help of non-destructive testing auditing of an old structure is get easier. NDT examine the total health of an infrastructure in order to check strength and stability of building. NDT is a bunch of various testing consist of Ultrasonic pulse velocity test (UPV), Rebound hammer test (RHT), Half-cell test, etc. Conducting NDT on building and analyzing testing result decide to repair building as per IS code, technique like grouting, Retrofitting, etc. to increase strength and stability of building. In this project structural has to be done on old structure which is situated at Nagpur. Audit done by NDT consist of Ultra-sonic pulse velocity test, Rebound hammer test, Half-cell test. After analyzing all test result including visual inspection it is found that structure need to repair and retrofitted to make it safe and stable for all static loadings. Column jacketing also provide to structure.
Mechanical Performance and Acid Resistance of Self Compacting Concrete with Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash as Cementitious Materials
Authors: Pavan kumar Ram , Challagulla S.P. , Ramagiri Kruthi Kiran
Published: November 2021

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is an extremely flowable, non-segregating concrete that fills every corner of formwork evenly and completely by its own mass and encapsulates reinforcement without vibrating, all while retaining homogeneity. SSC’s mechanical efficiency can be enhanced by using byproducts or waste materials as cement replacements. Rice husk ash (RHA) & fly ash stay very reactive byproducts. Because of its high silica content, Fly ash and RHA have strong pozzolanic properties, used as complementary cementations material in SSC. The automatic properties and Self-compacting concrete has a high acid resistance determined. Mainly the cement is replace by fly ash & rice husk ash with three different percentages variations (10%, 20%, and 30%). In each percentage of replacement, the fly ash and RHA has equal percentages. For example, in 10% of replacement 5% of fly ash and 5% of RHA is replaced. In frequently fly ash is industrial by-product and having the pozzolanic properties. And the RHA (rice husk ash) is also a pozzolanic reactive material. Compared to the adhesive, fly ash & RHA has more silica ingredient. The self-compacting concrete was calculated for M30, and specimens are cast. Compressive strength and split tensile strength, flexural strength, and durability (acid resistance) tests are performed for 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days.
Retrofitting of an existing structure design and techniques
Authors: Muthukumaraswamy kamalakannan Sreenivas , Murali Sravan Ashwin Ananda , Malik Mohamed Ansari Raja Abdul , Saravanan Nithya Anand , Vimal Kumar B , Vijayaragavan R , Umarani C.
Published: November 2021

Retrofitting of any given structure is done to improve its strength and performance. In most scenarios, retrofitting is done to improve seismic resilience and performance, however in this investigation retrofitting techniques are utilized to change the functional use of a structure, to be more precise, the agenda is to transform a commercial 10 storey structure into a data center building. In order to encompass the additional load parameters, instead of complete reconstruction, retrofitting solutions are to be adopted, which reduces cost, labor and is very energy and environment conscious. The said structure was modelled using the E-Tabs software, with appropriate load parameters. Furthermore, the altered load parameters for the data center would likewise be examined to understand the extent of failure and would help in indicating the appropriate retrofitting solution to ameliorate the situation. This project is cutting edge in the sense that a sustainable approach in the construction industry is sought to, looking at the need for energy efficiency.
Removal of nitrobenzene from water using activated carbon prepared from water hyacinth
Authors: Prithvi R , Aravindan A , Chaitanya K Naga
Published: November 2021

The prevailing study is of the adsorption efficiency of nitrobenzene onto the activated carbon prepared from the water hyacinth by phosphoric acid activation under the considerations of effect of pH (2,4,6,8,10 and 12) of nitrobenzene sample and consequence of initial concentration (20,100 and 200mg L−1) and contact time. The samples were analysed in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The outcome shows that the change in pH of the nitrobenzene sample does not impact the adsorption capacity or adsorption rate. But whereas, the increase in original concentration of nitrobenzene has shown that the adsorption of nitrobenzene was rapid at initial stages and gradually increased with time till the stability is reached with the adsorption values of 19.3, 84.7 and 158.3 for initial concentrations of 20,100 and 200mg g−1 respectively. This study indicates that activated carbon formulated from water hyacinth is efficient for the removal of the nitrobenzene from the water.
Structural Assessment of RCC Elevated Service Reservoir For Different Capacity
Authors: Hiwase Prashant D. , Shinde Rishabh V. , Siddh Sharda P.
Published: November 2021

Elevated service reservoir is one of the maximum important infrastructures that is utilized by society. Our every day existence relies upon at the water supply, that is procured through an elevated service reservoir. Therefore, the safety of the service reservoir is of utmost importance. Most of the damage on elevated service reservoirs is caused by an earthquake, as the horizontal forces acting on the structure make the service reservoir vulnerable. Our predominantly study is based on extracting the dynamic forces mainly to determine critical condition of the structure. In this paper, different capacities of elevated service reservoir are taken and the design and analysis are done according to Indian standards. Dynamic analysis of the service reservoir is done and parameters such as time period, hydrodynamic pressure, base shear, base moment are compared with different capacities. Hence, the capabilities of the structure are substantially necessary to examine within the sub-continent region.
Service Life Prediction of RC Structure Incorporated with GGBS Subjected to Chloride Ion Penetration
Authors: Rajesh P , Sateesh Babu M , Siva Kishore I
Published: November 2021

Durability plays important role in structures that replicates the service life of the structure. Most of the structures are built by using concrete as main construction material. We can improve the service life of structures by substituting cement with secondary materials which contain cementitious property such asGGBS (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag). In this concept we determine the chloride content in reinforced concrete structure which leads to deterioration, when exposed to 3.5% of NaCl solution by using immersion test. Firstly, we cast cubes (150x150x150mm) for conventional mix and mixes with different percentages of GGBS (30%, 50% and70%). Present in this paper we considered 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50 water binder ratio (w/b). Later on, we find the percentage of chloride ion penetrated is tested at 6 weeks and 12 weeks. We determine the compressive strength for 28 days, 56 days and 90 days and the chloride content (%) at 5mm, 10mm, 15mm, 20mm and 25mm depths of specimens, by using an empirical formula of Fick’s 2nd law. Service life prediction can be helpful to estimate prevailing the life of structure and can plan the better repair strategies and to make critical decisions in practice. We can design new structures such that life cycle cost can be optimized.
Comparison of Modelling Strategies of R.C Walls for Seismic Analysis
Authors: Jeelani Syed Hamim , Akhtar Salim , Lingeshwaran N , Jagarapu Durga Chaitanya Kumar , Mohammed Aslam M A , Nallusamy Babu , Rizvi Syed Shams
Published: November 2021

Reinforced concrete walls are being widely adopted as lateral load resisting systems for high rise structures. The current practice among design engineers for modelling of such walls is by idealizing the same as ‘wide’ columns, which is uncertain from safety as well as economy point of view. The most efficient modelling strategy of RC walls involves use of shell elements. Such an approach can be computationally much intensive, especially from a seismic analysis perspective. The present study utilizes an equivalent strut approach for modelling RC walls. The modelling strategy is demonstrated on a G + 15 storey residential apartment located in Calicut city. The proposed methodology will be compared with the traditional ‘wide’ column method as well as the one with shell element discretization. Comparison of modal properties such as frequencies and vibration modes from the various models are initially made to assess the model accuracy. Various seismic analyses viz. Equivalent static approach, Response spectrum approach and the assessment the storey shear, inter storey drifts as well as computation times using various models were performed using time history analysis. From preliminary results, it is understood that the modelling strategy could serve as an efficient alternative to more robust and computationally demanding scheme involving use of shell elements.
Analysis of Pre-Stressed Box Girder Bridge under Different Standard Codes: A Comparative Study
Authors: Hande Shubham S. , Siddh Sharda P. , Hiwase Prashant D.
Published: November 2021

Pre-stressed concrete bridge analysis is completely dependent on the standards and design criteria. Herein, the current study compares like a pre-stressed concrete bridge under the effect of two different loading standards and specifications. The two different loading standards considered herein are IRC 6: 2000 and AASHTO-LRFD standards. Further, the pre-stressed box girder bridge is modelled and analysis in MIDAS CIVIL. On carrying out analysis, the primary structural analysis parameters which are important for the design of structure, are studied. These parameters are shear force, bending moment and torsion in the bridge elements along its length. It became observed that AASHTO standards are uneconomical than IRC standards, due to consideration of heavy weight vehicle load moving on the bridge span. Thus, it might be said that pre-stressed box girder bridge analysis and design should be carried out effectively and optimistically using IRC standards and specifications.