bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rectal mucocoele following subtotal colectomy for colitis
Authors: Appleton N , Day N , Walsh C
Published: September 2014

We present a unique case of a rectal mucocoele affecting a patient several years after his subtotal colectomy for ulcerative colitis. This was secondary to both a benign anorectal stenosis and a benign mucus secreting rectal adenoma. This case highlights the importance of surveillance in such patients.
Predictors and outcomes of treatment in hip hemiarthroplasty dislocation
Authors: Salem KMI , Shannak OA , Scammell BE , Moran CG
Published: September 2014

Introduction

Dislocation following hip hemiarthroplasty (HHA), its incidence, predictors, treatment outcomes and mortality were investigated in a single centre series.

Methods

The prospectively collected data on neck of femur fracture admissions compiled over 11 years were reviewed. Place of residence, place of fall, past medical history, intraoperative factors (grade of surgeon, delay in surgery, type of implant and operative time), postoperative complications and mortality were compared between patients who suffered a dislocation and those who did not. In the dislocation group, the mean number of dislocations, reduction method, type and fate of implant, and mortality were investigated.

Results

Prospective data on 8,631 admissions were collected; 41% of these were managed with a HHA. The dislocation rate was 0.76%. A delay in surgery of >24 hours was associated with a fourfold increase in the dislocation risk. The majority (81%) of dislocations occurred in the first six weeks and closed manipulation was the definitive treatment in only 23% of the cases. The mortality rate was not increased following HHA dislocation.

Conclusions

The delay in surgery was the most important predictor of HHA dislocation. Closed reduction was associated with a high failure rate. While an initial attempt at closed reduction for a first dislocation is recommended, for redislocators, we recommend early exploration/revision as an alternative to repeat manipulations.
Candour for surgeons: the absence of spin
Authors: Wheeler R
Published: September 2014

Doctors are exhorted to be candid with their patients when clinical errors occur. This paper discusses the history of candour in surgical law as well as recommendations resulting from the Mid Staffordshire public inquiry. It also looks at why candour is necessary and where the threshold should lie. Provided surgeons understand that a duty of candour is engaged at a certain threshold of harm, then disclosure of misadventure to patients or their relatives becomes simply a matter for clinical judgement, just in the same way as a surgeon judges which potential operative complications need to be disclosed during the consenting process.
Life threatening hyponatraemia following evacuation of spontaneous chronic subdural haematoma
Authors: Johnson R , Ibrahim T
Published: September 2014

We report the case of a 43-year-old woman who developed life threatening hyponatraemia 4 days following burr hole drainage of a spontaneous chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH). Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone was confirmed. This is the first report of delayed life threatening hyponatraemia developing postoperatively in CSDH. The mechanism remains unclear but may involve brain shift on the pituitary stalk following subdural evacuation.
The evolving role of the anatomy demonstrator
Authors: Steven RA , Whiten SC
Published: September 2014

Anatomy demonstrating became almost integral to the training of many generations of surgeons. It allowed them to increase their basic scientific knowledge, develop their teaching skills and provided the opportunity to study towards postgraduate surgical examinations, which resulted in favourable pass marks compared with those who had not undertaken a demonstrator post. 1,2 The improved knowledge base and development of teaching skills were perceived as beneficial for their surgical training. The increasing pressure on training and resources has had an impact on the demonstrator job. This article presents data on current anatomy demonstrator posts.
STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF GRB AFTERGLOW PARAMETERS AS EVIDENCE OF COSMOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF THEIR HOST GALAXIES
Authors: Beskin Gregory , Oganesyan Gor , Greco Giuseppe , Karpov Sergey
Published: September 2014

The results of a study of 43 peaked R-band light curves of optical counterparts of gamma-ray bursts with known redshifts are presented. The parameters of optical transients were calculated in the comoving frame, and then a search for pair correlations between them was conducted. A statistical analysis showed a strong correlation between the peak luminosity and the redshift both for pure afterglows and for events with residual gamma activity, which cannot be explained as an effect of observational selection.This suggests a cosmological evolution of the parameters of the local interstellar medium around the sources of the gamma-ray burst. In the models of forward and reverse shock waves, a relation between the density of the interstellar medium and the redshift was built for gamma-ray burst afterglows, leading to a power-law dependence of the star-formation rate at regions around GRBs on redshift with a slope of about 6.
Arbeit am Theater
Authors: Matzke Annemarie
Published: September 2014

Das Verhältnis von Kunst und Arbeit lässt sich über den Diskurs zur Theaterprobe fokussieren: im Sinne einer Arbeit am Theater. Für den Zeitraum vom ausgehenden 18. Jahrhundert bis in die Gegenwart untersucht Annemarie Matzke, wie Prozesse des Probens in der jeweiligen historischen und kulturellen Konstellation Konzepte von Theater hervorbringen und in welchem Wechselverhältnis sie zu einem jeweils zu bestimmenden historischen Arbeitsbegriff stehen. Dieses grundlegende Werk zur Geschichte und Theorie der Theaterprobe zeigt, wie sich anhand des Proben-Diskurses die Verfahren und Techniken theatralen Produzierens - von Goethe über Stanislawski und Brecht bis hin zu Heiner Müller und René Pollesch - analysieren lassen.
Schamanismus zwischen Sibirien und Deutschland
Authors: Grünwedel Heiko
Published: September 2014

Sibirische Schamanen sind schwer zu fassen. Monokausale Beschreibungen greifen nicht mehr. Heiko Grünwedel befragt Austauschprozesse zwischen den Kulturen nach ihren Konsequenzen für die Religionswissenschaft. Dabei zeigt er, dass die Interaktion des postsowjetischen Schamanismus mit der schamanischen Praxis in Deutschland erst aus einem mehrfach gebrochenen Zwischenraum zwischen Modernisierung und Tradition transparent werden kann. So wird eine Kulturhermeneutik entworfen, die nicht nur entscheidende Anstöße zu Diskursanalyse, visueller Anthropologie und dialogischer Feldforschung bietet, sondern die eigene Disziplin methodologisch neu zu orientieren verspricht.
Judentum und Popkultur
Authors: Battegay Caspar
Published: September 2014

Was ist jüdisch? Die Frage nach kulturellen Zuordnungen und religiösen Traditionen wird in der Popkultur oft auf überraschende und spielerische Weise beantwortet. Auch das Judentum erscheint in der Popkultur des 20. und 21. Jahrhunderts nicht als etwas Festes, sondern als wandelbare Figur in einem immer neu zu inszenierenden Spiel. Caspar Battegays Essay geht diesem Spiel mit Figuren des Jüdischen in einer Auswahl ganz unterschiedlicher Filme, TV-Serien, Songs und Texte nach. Dabei wird nicht nur ein neuer Forschungsbereich für die Jüdischen Studien in Deutschland erschlossen - auch die Theorie der Popkultur wird um die bislang vernachlässigte Dimension des Jüdischen bereichert.
Medikalisierte Hoffnung?
Authors: Ullrich Charlotte
Published: September 2014

In Deutschland begeben sich immer mehr Paare mit unerfülltem Kinderwunsch in medizinische Behandlung. In einer ethnographischen Fallstudie untersucht Charlotte Ullrich auf Grundlage von teilnehmender Beobachtung, qualitativen Interviews und Dokumenten die Behandlungspraxis einer reproduktions- und einer alternativmedizinischen Klinik - und zeichnet nach, wie der Kinderwunsch im Therapieverlauf in ein medizinisches Problem transformiert wird. Dimensionen der Analyse sind: Positionierungen und Strategien des medizinischen Personals und der Paare, organisatorische Abläufe und der Einsatz von Technik. Gleichzeitig wird aufgezeigt, wie Tendenzen der Medikalisierung in den gesellschaftlichen Kontext und die Lebenswelt der Paare eingebettet sind.
Körper in Schieflage
Authors: Kusser Astrid
Published: September 2014

Die Geschichte schwarzer Modetänze wird bislang meist augenzwinkernd als ansteckendes Tanzfieber verhandelt. Doch nicht mysteriöse Erreger, sondern handfeste politische Konflikte um Bürgerschaft, Arbeitsteilung und Geschlechterverhältnisse waren ihre Grundlage. Die Ästhetik der schwarzen Diaspora machte diese Konflikte auf den Tanzflächen neu verhandelbar. Tanztechnik verbündete sich dabei mit Medientechniken, die ebenfalls mit Bewegung, Wahrnehmung und der Möglichkeit von Verwandlung experimentierten. Astrid Kusser geht dieser Geschichte zwischen New York, Buenos Aires, Kapstadt, Viktoria in Kamerun und Berlin nach.
Hirnzirkel
Authors: Schmidt-Brücken Katharina
Published: September 2014

Ob Neurocomputing oder Neuronale Netze - Ansätze, die Nervensystem und Computer kombinieren, haben Konjunktur. Der Band wirft einen Blick zurück auf die konzeptionellen Anfänge dieser Verbindung: In der Kybernetik der 1940er Jahre wurde der neu entwickelte Computer mit Gehirnprozessen analogisiert. Wissenschaftler wie der Mathematiker John von Neumann oder der Physiologe Warren McCulloch setzten in ihren Modellen Nervenzellen und digitale Schaltungen in eins, um dem Geheimnis des Geistes auf die Spur zu kommen. Das Buch widmet sich dem bislang unbeachtet gebliebenen Funktionsprinzip der regenerativen Zirkulation, das in der frühen Kybernetik zum funktionalen Kernstück eines »neuronalen« Gedächtnismodells in Mensch und Maschine aufstieg.
Zur Ästhetik der Provokation
Authors: Ruf Oliver
Published: September 2014

In der Proklamation ästhetischer Provokation haben die modernen Ästhetiken der Avantgarde die potenzielle Realisierung der Autonomie von Kunst wie von Literatur gesehen. Insbesondere Hugo Balls Schriften belegen diese zentrale kunst- und literaturtheoretische These; ihre Lektüre entwickelt in Konfrontation mit für sie zentralen, weiter reichenden Theoremen eine Vorstellung und Interpretation der ästhetischen ›Formation‹ von Kritik und Literatur. Oliver Ruf zeigt, dass das damit verbundene provozierende Potenzial einen Akt der Kollision innerhalb der Moderne impliziert, der schließlich auch den Weg für eine Nobilitierung der ›post-modernen‹ Diskurse der Gegenwart bereitet hat.
Die Balkone von New Orleans
Authors: Klopfer Nadine
Published: September 2014

Nicht erst seit Hurrikan Katrina gilt New Orleans als Ausnahmeerscheinung unter den amerikanischen Städten. Karneval und kreolische Küche, Voodoo und Jazz gehören ebenso zur Stadt wie koloniale Architektur und Plantagen, Sümpfe und Moskitos. Das Image als alte, exotische Stadt des Südens ist allgegenwärtig und das Ergebnis heftiger Debatten um die Identität von New Orleans im Konzert moderner amerikanischer Städte, die ihre Bewohner um 1900 entzweiten. Ausgehend vom Streit um die berühmten gusseisernen Balkone der Stadt entfaltet Nadine Klopfers Studie ein faszinierendes Panorama historischer Diskussionen um öffentlichen Raum und lokale Identität - ein einzigartiger Beitrag zur historischen Raum- und Stadtforschung.
Ethik und Qualität in der Politikberatung
Authors: Rafat Shamim
Published: September 2014

Die Politikberatung in Deutschland befindet sich in einem Prozess der Professionalisierung, in dem seit einiger Zeit die berechtigte Forderung nach Qualitätssicherung erhoben wird. Unabdingbar hierzu ist die Etablierung und kontinuierliche Verbesserung von Qualitätsstandards. Shamim Rafat schließt diese Forschungslücke und stellt Kodizes und Richtlinien zum Qualitätsmanagement in der Politikberatung in den Mittelpunkt seiner Untersuchung. Durch die Entwicklung eines instruktiven Katalogs mit moralischen, ethischen und instrumentell-technischen Standards erschließt er eine neue Ebene des Qualitätsmanagements in der Politikberatung.
Die Mobilisierung der Dinge
Authors: Schankweiler Kerstin
Published: September 2014

Georges Adéagbo zählt zu den bekanntesten Gegenwartskünstlern Afrikas. Seine ästhetische Praxis zwischen Kulturtransfer und Ortsspezifik setzt eine Auflösung kolonialkultureller Hierarchien zwischen Afrika und Europa in Gang, ohne Differenz zu nivellieren. Sie besitzt Modellcharakter für den Umgang mit Alterität jenseits von Exotismus oder Universalismus und eignet sich deshalb besonders gut dazu, Paradoxien des globalen Kunstsystems aufzuzeigen. Angesichts der eurozentristischen Rezeption von Kunst aus Afrika dient Adéagbos Arbeitsweise in diesem Band als Ausgangspunkt für ebenso systematische wie fruchtbare Überlegungen zu einer transkulturellen Kunstgeschichtsschreibung.
Minotaurus im Zeitkristall
Authors: Lischeid Thomas
Published: September 2014

Gibt es einen originären deutschsprachigen Surrealismus in der Geschichte der deutschen Literatur? Detail- und kenntnisreich geht Thomas Lischeid dieser Frage nach, indem er Leben und nachdadaistische Dichtung Hans Arps mit der zeitgenössischen bildenden Kunst und Theorie des Pariser Surrealismus der Zwischenkriegszeit (Breton, Ernst, Magritte, Dalí u.v.m.) in Beziehung setzt. Auf diese Weise ist die erstaunliche Präsentation einer Reihe intermedial bedingter Entdeckungen nachzuverfolgen, die unter biographischen, inhaltlich-thematischen und insbesondere formbezogenen Perspektiven den Erweis für eine enge poetisch-ästhetische Konvergenz zwischen Arp und der Kunst des traumbildhaft-veristischen Surrealismus erbringt. Fluchtpunktartig zeichnet sich damit eine medien- und kulturtheoretische Dimension der Literatur und Kunst des Surrealismus ab, die bis heute nichts an Aktualität verloren hat.
Science and Technology Studies
Authors: Beck (verst.) Stefan , Niewöhner Jörg , Sörensen Estrid
Published: September 2014

Dieser Band ist die erste deutschsprachige sozialanthropologische Einführung in das Feld der Science and Technology Studies - ein Forschungsfeld, das sich der empirischen Untersuchung des alltäglichen Zusammenspiels von Wissenschaft, Technologie und gesellschaftlicher Ordnung widmet. Der sozialanthropologische Zugriff stellt neben den grundlegenden theoretischen und methodischen Aspekten klassische sowie neuere ethnographische Arbeiten in den Mittelpunkt und diskutiert die Bedeutung von Materialität, Wissen und Praxis sowie von Infrastrukturen und Klassifikationen für das Verständnis von Wissenschaft und Technik.
Der postethnische Homosexuelle
Authors: Bilger Wenzel
Published: September 2014

In diesem Buch treten erstmalig männliche Individuen in den Fokus, die türkischer Herkunft und zugleich homosexuell sind - eine Identitätskultur zwischen ethnischer und sexueller Marginalisierung, die bisher vor allem von Stereotypen geprägt ist. Neben Interviews analysiert Wenzel Bilger auch die seit den 1990er-Jahren aufkommenden künstlerischen und politischen »Repräsentationen« dieser spezifischen Identitätskultur durch Filme, Theaterstücke und politische Diskurse, in denen sich ein normatives Integrationsmodell und eine Kritik an einer diskriminierenden Mehrheitskultur gegenüberstehen. Die Studie im Schnittpunkt von Postcolonial und Queer Studies zeigt, dass sich ein »schwuler Deutschtürke« in der liberalen Gesellschaft integrieren kann, wenn er sich in ambivalenten Performativen entethnisiert.
Multikulturalismus auf Türkisch?
Authors: Gündüz Eran
Published: September 2014

Nation, Staatsbürgerschaft und Multikulturalismus sind zentrale Themen in den öffentlichen Debatten in der Türkei. Eran Gündüz zeichnet die Genese des türkischen Nationalstaats nach und beleuchtet die jüngeren Debatten um die Inklusion von ethno-kulturellen Gruppen. Dabei nutzt er den Ansatz des kanadischen Sozialtheoretikers Will Kymlicka, um die Anwendbarkeit eines westlichen Modells von multikultureller Gesellschaft auf den türkischen Fall zu begründen. Die Studie zeigt die Gründe auf, die eine demokratisch verfasste multikulturelle Gesellschaft in der Türkei zurzeit fast unmöglich zu machen scheinen.
Zwischen Geist und Gehirn
Authors: Kehl Christoph
Published: September 2014

Das Gedächtnis hat sich von einem weichen Gegenstand philosophischer Reflexion in ein hartes, neurobiologisches Objekt verwandelt. Wie gelingt es den Lebenswissenschaften, das ephemere Phänomen dingfest zu machen? Aus der Perspektive der Science & Technology Studies beleuchtet Christoph Kehl die Praxis der Gedächtnisforschung und legt die Verwicklungen zwischen Geist und Gehirn, Natur und Kultur offen. Durch den Zusammenschluss empirischer und wissenschaftstheoretischer Ansätze schließt die Studie eine Lücke in der Wissenschaftsforschung zur Biomedizin.
Categorical representations of the modular group
Authors: Cooper Benjamin
Published: September 2014

Actions of the modular group on categories are constructed. A
hyperelliptic involution is used to convert the braid representations
underlying Khovanov homology to representations of the modular group.
Modification of Geometric Parameters in Outer Rotor Permanent Magnet Generators to Improve THD, Efficiency, and Cogging Torque
Authors: de la Cruz Javier , Ramirez Juan M. , Leyva Luis
Published: September 2014

The improvement of efficiency, total harmonic distortion (THD), and cogging torque in outer rotor permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is the main concern in this paper. The paper focuses on handling the parameters of design, i.e. the geometry of the stator, the polar arc percentage, the air gap, the skew angle in rotor poles, the pole length, and the core steel class. The modification of geometric parameters related to the stator’s inductance is analyzed. Seventy-six cases are simulated, and results provide useful information for designing this type of machines. The study is carried out in a 5 kW PMSG.
Novel methods for elasticity characterization using optical coherence tomography: Brief review and future prospects
Authors: Matveev Lev A. , Zaitsev Vladimir Y. , Matveev Aleksander L. , Gelikonov Grigory V. , Gelikonov Valentin M. , Vitkin Alex
Published: September 2014

In this paper, a brief overview of several recently proposed approaches to elastographic characterization of biological tissues using optical coherence tomography is presented. A common feature of these “unconventional” approaches is that unlike most others, they do not rely on a two-step process of first reconstructing the particle displacements and then performing its error-prone differentiation in order to determine the local strains. Further, several variants of these new approaches were proposed and demonstrated essentially independently and are based on significantly different principles. Despite the seeming differences, these techniques open up interesting prospects not only for independent usage, but also for combined implementation to provide a multifunctional investigation of elasticity of biological tissues and their rheological properties in a wider sense.
On the concept of translation: A perspective based on Greimassian semiotics
Authors: Troqe Rovena
Published: September 2014

This article outlines some representative epistemological attitudes in translation studies and presents a model for defining translation. Basing our reflection on the work of translation scholars, we identify approaches that avoid the problem and others that claim to deal with it but fail to do so. The article is guided by the following questions: Is there a need to define the object of study when studying translation? If so, what are the origins and consequences of such a definition? How might this affect certain beliefs in the translation theories? Drawing on a Greimassian semiotic approach, we present a new model for defining the concept of Translation.
The semiotics of emotion and narrative therapy in the case of Montaigne
Authors: Lee Yunhee
Published: September 2014

This paper investigates a writing activity for therapeutic effect by means of self-regulation through which emotion and thinking are welded to discover the self and other. This activity is undertaken with a Peircean semiotic approach. Accordingly, a feeling of emotion as a material quality of thought-sign is observed as to how it develops into higher psychological processes by virtue of object of thinking, friendship, and love, as external stimulus. This is found in Michel de Montaigne who arrives at a feeling of unity between nature and culture by way of gravity of narrative as a remedial method in narrative mind.
Experimental Investigation of Minimum Quantity Lubrication on Tool Wear in Aluminum Alloy 6061-T6 using Different Cutting Tools
Authors: M. Puvanesan, M.M. Rahman, M.S. Najiha and K. Kadirgama
Published: September 2014

In manufacturing, a great challenge is currently being faced in the competitive marketing place due to the manufacturing environment, low costs, the aim to achieve high rates of productivity and also the demand for high quality from customers. Aluminum alloys are being competitively used in current industries, especially in the automotive and aeronautics sector. This study is for experimental investigation of minimum quantity lubricant (MQL) for the end milling machining characteristics regarding tool wear during the machining of aluminum alloy 6061-T6. Process parameters including the cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate are selected for study to develop a model of process optimization based on the response surface method. This experiment was conducted based on the central composite design method. Three types of tools are used in this experiment, namely, high speed steel, coated and uncoated carbide tools. The encouraging results include a significant reduction in the tool wear rate with MQL mainly through the reduction in the cutting zone temperature and a favorable change in the chip–tool and work–tool interaction. It is concluded that the MQL technique leads to economic benefits in terms of reduced lubricant costs and better machinability.
Subclinical hypothyroidism in addition to common risk scores for prediction of cardiovascular disease: a 10-year community-based cohort study
Authors: Kim Tae Hyuk , Choi Hoon Sung , Bae Ji Cheol , Moon Jae Hoon , Kim Hyung-Kwan , Choi Sung Hee , Lim Soo , Park Do Joon , Park Kyong Soo , Jang Hak Chul , Lee Moon-Kyu , Cho Nam H , Park Young Joo
Published: September 2014

Objective

This study was carried out to determine whether serum TSH levels improve the prediction of cardiovascular risk in addition to common clinical risk scores, given the association between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Design

We carried out an observational study in a prospective cohort.

Methods

The study included a total of 344 SCH and 2624 euthyroid participants aged over 40 years and who were without previously recorded CVDs were included in this study analysis. We measured thyroid function and traditional risk factors at baseline and estimated the 10-year cumulative incidence of CVD in a gender-stratified analysis.

Results

During 10 years of follow-up, 251 incident cardiovascular events were recorded. The elevation of serum TSH levels significantly increased the CV risk independent of conventional risk factors in men. In the atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk score or the Reynolds risk score (RRS) model, the addition of serum TSH levels had no effect on model discrimination as measured by the area under the curve in either women or men. Adding serum TSH did not improve the net reclassification improvement in either women (3.48% (P=0.29) in the ASCVD, −0.89% (P=0.75) in the RRS, respectively) or men (−1.12% (P=0.69), 3.45% (P=0.20), respectively) and only mildly affected the integrated discrimination Improvement in the ASCVD-adjusted model (0.30% in women and 0.42% in men, bothP=0.05).

Conclusions

In the context of common risk scoring models, the additional assessment of serum TSH levels provided little incremental benefit for the prediction of CV risk.
The Silent Protest
Authors: Parker Jason Thomas
Published: September 2014

Throughout the course of modern history, political and religious authoritarian structures have sought to maintain monopolistic control of ideological discourse by placing severe limitations on freedom of expression. Dissident writers have characteristically responded to formal censorship, however, through the adoption of new literary techniques that move beyond ideological limitations. An exemplary case of literary innovation in the presence of strict regulations is Sister Juana Inés de la Cruz, who lived as a Mexican nun during the seventeenth century. Through a joint examination of Sister Juana's life and the broader historical context for her literary voice, this article will explore several techniques and ideas found in her letter La Respuesta a Sor Filotea (1691). In particular, Sister Juana uses the concept of silence in her written work to promote intellectual equality for women and create a thematic space in which multiple perspectives can be voiced.
The Effect of Recording Industry Lawsuits on the Market for Recorded Music
Authors: Holt Ryan Thomas
Published: September 2014

The origination and rapid growth in popularity of file sharing technology at the end of the twentieth century created the potential for a fundamental market shift for any private good that is reduced to information. Through a new exploration of this recent phenomenon within the context of peer-to-peer file sharing technology for music downloads, this article examines the relative importance of various economic factors in determining the national level of file sharing. After employing basic theoretical models and econometric methods, the author finds that file sharing behavior is most responsive to the number of lawsuits brought against consumers, the relative value and amount of leisure time for consumers, household disposable income, and the prevalence of computer virus threats among file-sharing program users. These new findings are discussed in the context of microeconomic expectations that predict a different set of empirical trends in file sharing technology.
Sharing the Wealth in the "New NHL": The Implications of Revenue Sharing for Competitive Balance, Payroll Spending, and Profits
Authors: Brinkman Taylor F
Published: September 2014

The National Hockey League was in trouble at the end of the 2003-04 season. Not only were teams losing money, but many fans, especially in the non-traditional small-markets, were losing interest. In response, team owners and player representatives collaborated on a new collective bargaining agreement that included a brand new economic system for the League. In addition to instituting a salary cap to help small-market teams remain financially viable, the League sought to improve competitive balance by devising a complex revenue sharing system. After explaining the system in detail, this article identifies how revenue sharing will affect ownership behavior in the hockey players’ labor market, concluding that the system’s large negative effect on the marginal revenue product of small-market teams will render it ineffective at achieving its goal of a higher level of parity.
Expansionism, Slavery, and Sectionalism: James K. Polk and American Enlargement under the Fluctuating Forces of Manifest Destiny
Authors: Fotouhi David
Published: September 2014

This article explores the relationship between President James K. Polk’s progressive ambition in the national electorate and the geographic expansion of the United States, particularly with regard to the social and religious foundations for manifest destiny in the public conscience. The author finds that manifest destiny played a central role in President James K. Polk’s successful campaign for the White House as well as his handling of foreign and domestic affairs.
Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution and Eutrophication: A Survey of Environmental Responsibility in the Federal System and Case Study of the Chautauqua Lake Watershed, New York State
Authors: Haskell John N
Published: September 2014

This report is concerned with nutrient pollution in Chautauqua Lake from agricultural nonpoint sources (NPS) and the policies that have formed at all levels of the federal system to address this problem in public water bodies. The analysis will be helpful to a national policy audience concerned with NPS policy efficiency and effectiveness, especially with regards to agricultural sources. It will also be of special use to lake mangers and state/local policymakers who want the NPS policy problem demystified so they can make better, clearer decisions for managing their lakes, rivers and streams. For this latter audience, the paper will survey how NPS pollution has been addressed in other watersheds, what policies have been effective or ineffective, and what financial and technical support are available from federal and state administrations for watershed management.

Federal, state and local NPS policy players interact with and influence each other to produce a wide spectrum of policy solutions for impaired watersheds. Ultimately, however, federal and state policies protect only a small percentage of polluted watersheds, and local citizens and authorities are often left unsupported to bear the responsibility of pollution prevention and cleanup without the required technical expertise or financial resources. When federal executives or states fail to protect polluted watersheds, it is implicit and necessary that local authorities coordinate horizontally across municipalities or counties to centralize watershed management debates and decision-making; however, effective watershed management plans also require local authorities to initiate and sustain vertical coordination with state and federal administrations that can help provide the requisite resources.

While some state executives have expanded the coverage of their watershed management programs, this expansion has been far too limited and slow to stem the natural acceleration of NPS pollution damages. Local authorities (within affected watersheds or bordering water bodies) cannot assume, nor wait for, federal or state leadership when the problem worsens beyond a critical level. Watershed management must come from organic leadership, marshaling local, state and federal resources to begin sustainable, comprehensive remediation.
The Greatest Show on Earth: A Study of the Red Cross' Front Row Seat at the Stage of Theresienstadt
Authors: Esbrook Leslie C
Published: September 2014

During World War II, the concentration camp Theresienstadt in the northern section of Czecholslovakia played an integral role in the Nazis' schemes of international propaganda. The camp became a model city for the period of six hours while International Red Cross delegates visited on June 23, 1944 in order to prepare reports to be disseminated to the public addressing concerns at the inner workings of the camps behind Nazi front lines. To date, no overwhelming synthesis of the events precluding and proceeding the day period of deception labeled the Embellishment has been construed. I attempt to collect all details of the Embellishment, even its inception, in order to produce a more total understanding of life within the camp during this period and to create a setting conducive to visualization of the play itself. The paper in many ways also seeks to understand reasons for the Red Cross' positive outlook on the concentration camp despite worldwide concern and site-specific evidence to the contrary. In the second half of the paper, I examine why the Red Cross accepted the Embellishment to such a high degree, citing Red Cross justifications as well as the single report printed on the visit written by the Swiss representative Maurice Rossel. In sum, the Embellishment created a moment of suspended time that vastly impacted members of the concentration camp and the outside world, so that even today one may be shocked at the colossal undertaking of playacting which occurred in Czechoslovakia's rural plains.
Bilingualism and Cultural Identity Development: Case Studies for an Interactive Perspective
Authors: Marcrum II Charles Terry
Published: September 2014

In recent years, there has been much research in the rapidly expanding field of bilingualism. The purpose of this study is to examine the nature of the relationship which exists between bilingualism and cultural identity development in adolescents. In an ever-shrinking world, it is becoming increasingly common for individuals from distinctly different ethnic, cultural and linguistic backgrounds to coexist in a single mixed society. As adolescence is a period of drastic formation and transformation, it is critical to understand the impact of existence as a member of multiple linguistic groups on the development of the understanding of one’s own position within a culture. Based upon an integrative analysis of case studies conducted in a variety of distinct cultural environments throughout the world, conclusions are drawn as to the interplay between language and identity, and potential positive and negative factors affecting the development of a healthy, stable bicultural/bilingual identity are identified and examined.
Letters Home: Themes and Messages in Soldier Songs of the Second Iraq War
Authors: Jansen Daniel P
Published: September 2014

Country music has a long tradition of war-related songs dating back at least to the Civil War and is present today in the context of the current war in Iraq. Amid the many jingoistic songs in this category is a subgenre referred to in this study as “soldier songs.” Since WWII, soldier songs have retained an important place in country music during subsequent periods of war because of their personal reflections on the tragedies of war. The appearance of soldier songs in relation to the timeline of the war, in combination with the personality of the recording artist, is significant to how the audience receive the song. The main objective of this study is the analysis of the messages and contexts of modern soldier songs, which support the troops but not necessarily the war, and establish a sort of political middle ground that can be appropriated by both sides of the political spectrum.
Wee Warriors: Youth Involvement in the Norther Irish Troubles
Authors: Neill Sam R
Published: September 2014

The Northern Irish “Troubles” refers to the bloody 30-year conflict, from 1968 to 1998, largely centered in Belfast between the Loyalist who wanted Northern Ireland to remain part of Great Britain and the Republicans who wanted independence. The extremely violent conflict took more than 3,600 lives, resulted in more than 40,000 serious injuries, and deeply affected almost every person in Northern Ireland. The violence occurred almost daily, right in the city streets. Of particular note is the extent to which Northern Irish youth were involved in the struggle and the degree of the sacrifice many made for the respective causes. This study seeks to gain insight into the reasons for this element of this unique conflict.
The Effects of Caffeine on Sleep Patterns Among Adolescents
Authors: Margolis Lauren E
Published: September 2014

This review of literature examines whether there is a causal relationship between caffeine consumption and sleep patterns among adolescents. Literature suggests that there is a cause and effect relationship between caffeine intake and cognitive performance in adults. Researchers also found that among the adult population, consuming caffeine before sleep resulted in increased sleep onset time, reduced total sleep time, and poorer sleep quality. Specifically, adolescents ingest the majority of their total caffeine intake through caffeinated sodas. Studies have shown that adolescents consume more caffeine later in the week, which correlates with shorter total sleep time and decreased sleep quality. Thus, in review of the literature, it was determined that caffeine negatively affects sleep habits among adults, but further research should be conducted in order to conclude whether this relationship holds true among adolescents.
Judging a Book by its Album Cover: A Study of the Relationship Between Musical Preference and Personality
Authors: Dalrymple Louis Craig
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between musical preference and personality. Despite an overall lack of research on this psychological aspect of music, a wide array of studies have indicated a strong relationship between musical preference and personality, income, criminality, and various other personal characteristics. Upon reviewing this related literature, it is clear that musical preference can be used as a reasonably good predictor of one’s personality. Furthermore, it is also clear that musical preference can often reveal a great deal about an individual’s lifestyle.
Easily Frustrated Infants: Implications for Emotion Regulation Strategies and Cognitive Functioning
Authors: Rodrigues Nikita P
Published: September 2014

We identified easily frustrated (n=9) and less easily frustrated (n=15) infants from a cohort (n=54) of 10-month-olds with and without a family history of ADHD. Categorization into frustration groups was made on the basis of both parents’ report and a laboratory assessment in which they were denied an attractive toy. Easily frustrated infants: 1) showed no significant relationship to having a family history of ADHD; 2) showed differences in frequency of emotion regulation strategies; and 3) showed significant group differences on assessments of cognitive functioning. Results indicate that easily frustrated infants are not regulating attention well and that better measures of cognitive functioning in relation to effortful control may better show group differences.
The Practical Value of Personal truth and Liberation from Truth
Authors: Fogarty Samuel
Published: September 2014

It is easy to mistake one’s beliefs about the world as absolute knowledge. In this paper, I argue that any view of knowledge as absolute, or objective, is a misrepresentation of the limits of human understanding. In contrast, I argue for the pragmatic use of truth as conceived by William James. I contend that if one views truth as a practical instrument valued solely for its ability to help humans, one can place scientific and religious beliefs on equal footing. By valuing truth for its practical effects, one may return truth to its intended function: to be one’s closest ally in overcoming life’s challenges.
Walt Whitman and Expansionary Idealism
Authors: Rizzo Brian J.
Published: September 2014

Most literary criticisms of Calamus, often read as Walt Whitman’s most obvious display of homoeroticism, bring readers to a rather shallow conclusion — the restorative, transcendental power of personal, visceral connections that bridge the gaps between human beings dwarfs any inner turmoil resulting from uncertainties of life and pretenses of society. This shoddy analysis runs a delicate acknowledgement of homosexual love though the core vein of Whitman’s work. Brian J. Rizzo, a sophomore in the Vanderbilt College of Arts and Science, argues that these readings are myopic and limit Whitman to the realm of theory, failing to acknowledge the true purpose of his writing. Rizzo continues, maintaing that Whitman dismisses society’s narrow schemas of Americanism and homosexuality, renounces the singularity of these terms, and seeks to transition from American exclusivity to American inclusivity. Embarking on a rhetorical examination and eventual redefinition of the very terms Americanism and homosexuality, Walt Whitman expands America into a society where there are multiple normalities — both of sexuality and of personhood — as modes of human existence.
The Attempt to Author the World: How Intellectualism Denies the Individual
Authors: Wheelock Elizabeth R.
Published: September 2014

Although primarily known as a feminist scholar and author of such works as She Came to Stay and The Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir contributed heavily to French existential thought. The two writings upon which this paper focuses, The Ethics of Ambiguity and The Woman Destroyed, deal with the existential issues involved in human interactions and personal relationships. The Ethics of Ambiguity, famous as an exploration of the ethical code created by existential theory, begins with a criticism of Marxism and the ways in which it deviates from existentialism. Similarly, the first of the three short stories that make up de Beauvoir’s fictional work The Woman Destroyed follows the French intelligentsia and their similarities and digressions from Marxist and existential thought. In this paper, I seek to analyze Simone de Beauvoir’s criticism of Marxist theory in The Ethics of Ambiguity and its transformation into the critique of intellectualism found twenty years later in The Woman Destroyed. I will investigate Marxism’s alleged attempts to constrain the group it wishes to lead and the motivation behind these actions. Finally, I conclude with a discussion of the efficacy of fiction as a medium for de Beauvoir’s philosophy.
"Just Get 'em in the Air"
Authors: Aronoff Joshua S.
Published: September 2014

Once the strongest airpower in the Middle East, the Al Quwwa al Jawwiya al Iraqiya, or the Iraqi Air Force (IQAF), was powerless when the US invaded Iraq in 2003. After realizing the importance of the IQAF for Iraq’s future, the US began to rebuild it from scratch in 2004. Since then, the IQAF has made significant strides with help from the Coalition Air Force Training Team (CAFTT): the IQAF’s functional output has grown exponentially; Iraqi officers are commanding their own units; and Iraqi pilots are being recruited and trained. However, CAFTT struggled to effectively overcome many challenges, including American-perceived cultural barriers as well as an ongoing counterinsurgency (COIN) battle. Circumstances beyond US and Iraqi control caused these challenges. However, a lack of preparation by both players also fueled these struggles. Through a primarily American lens, this paper paints a panoramic picture of the new IQAF by analyzing CAFTT’s strategy, achievements, and failures. Specifically, personal interviews with US military officials offer insight into the less tangible difficulties that the US faced in rebuilding the IQAF. This insight enables a more in-depth critique, leading to the conclusion that the IQAF’s future remains gravely uncertain. Furthermore, it shows that the IQAF is neither independent nor sustainable, and it will rely on the US military for many years.
Romans 8: Dead to the Law, Alive in the Spirit
Authors: Lohse Tyler
Published: September 2014

This essay comments on the nature of the language of the law and legal interpretation by exam- ining their effects on their recipients. Two forms of philosophy of law are examined, legal positiv- ism and teleological interpretive theory, which are then applied to their specific manifestations in literature and case law, both relating to antebellum slave law. In these cases, the slave sustains civil death under the law, permissible by means of these legal interpretive strategies.
China Looks to the Sea: A Historical Analysis of Geopolitical Strategy
Authors: Juvelier Benjamin W.
Published: September 2014

China is rapidly developing into one of the most powerful states in the international system. To take its place as a regional hegemon, and a true international giant, one of the most important steps for China was to modernize and drastically expand its navy. Over the past three decades, it has done this. Since the opening up of the People’s Republic of China in the 1970s and Deng Xiaoping’s modernizations of the 1980s, China and the United States have been on a militaristic and economic collision course in East Asia. By looking at 19th century Chinese history, I elucidate the “century of humiliation” experienced by China and how strategic naval failures during this time period are still providing lessons to modern naval strategists. I also look for a comparative example to Imperial Germany, and examine the strategic failures of a similar search for world power. My strategic analysis of the expansion of Chinese naval power concludes by providing a basis by which to compare the United States and China in an impending clash between these two powerful nations.
Effects of Different Types of Educational Tracking on Achievement and Achievement Variance
Authors: Leicht Erika Anne
Published: September 2014

Despite their stated intention of providing equal educational opportunity for all, many democratic countries separate their students into different classes or even different schools based on their demonstrated academic ability and likely future career. This practice is often referred to as “tracking or “ability grouping.” This study aims to determine whether different types of educational tracking have different effects on students’ academic achievement. Specifically, this study investigates whether disparities in educational achievement between students of highly educated versus minimally educated parents are greater in countries that practice more explicit and complete forms of tracking. It also explores tracking’s effects on average achievement and overall achievement variance. Analysis of data from the 2009 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) indicates that tracking generally does increase score disparities between children from different educational backgrounds. Tracking is also associated with higher overall variance of scores. At the same time, tracking may have a slight positive effect on average achievement. However, results are not consistent across all countries, and patterns are different in different subject areas and for different types of tracking. The results of this study neither condemn nor extol tracking. Rather, they indicate that tracking plays a relatively minor role in determining the quality and equity of an education system.
Peritonite encapsulante: tomografia computadorizada e correlação cirúrgica
Authors: Kadow Juliana Santos , Fingerhut Carla Jeronimo Peres , Fernandes Vinicius de Barros , Coradazzi Klaus Rizk Stuhr , Silva Lucas Marciel Soares , Penachim Thiago José
Published: September 2014

A peritonite esclerosante encapsulante é uma entidade rara, muitas vezes grave, caracterizada pelo envolvimento total ou parcial de alças do intestino delgado por uma membrana de tecido fibroso. Apresenta quadro clínico inespecífico de obstrução intestinal, exigindo diagnóstico por imagem preciso para orientação do tratamento. O presente relato enfatiza a importância da tomografia computadorizada no diagnóstico desta doença, com confirmação por correlação cirúrgica.
Síndrome de Churg-Strauss: relato de caso
Authors: Fernandes Gabriel Lacerda , Teixeira Arivaldo Araújo , Antón Ana Graziela Santana , Reis Alan Timóteo Rodrigues , Freitas Ana Carolina Rezende de , Basílio Dunya Bachour
Published: September 2014

A síndrome de Churg-Strauss é uma doença sistêmica rara caracterizada principalmente por hipereosinofilia, asma e vasculite. O pulmão é o órgão mais frequentemente envolvido. Neste relato, descrevemos uma alteração relativamente rara nesta doença - a presença de um nódulo pulmonar -, ao mesmo tempo que recordamos os principais achados obtidos em exames radiológicos e os seus diagnósticos diferenciais mais importantes.