bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MANAJEMEN MODAL KERJA TINJAUAN EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: Lestari Linda , Ahmad Luthfi Abdul Aziz , Aziz Malik Abdul , Suryaman A , Handayani Susi
Published: February 2024

Every company activity will be tied to the problem of capital needs, so working capital management is an important part of efforts to optimize business operations. The study of this article covers elements of working capital, working capital management, and working capital management review of the Islamic economy. The writing method used is a qualitative approach to literature studies. Working capital management is an activity that includes the entire management role of current assets and current debt in an enterprise. The company's operational needs will be met with an adequate amount of working capital. The circulation period of working capital is from cash expenditures to short-term cash re-receipts. Working capital in the sharia sense is a valuable asset that is managed according to sharia rules with the aim of increasing productivity or business development on the basis of benefit. The concept of using working capital according to sharia that the assets used as capital must always rotate so as to create benefits for business actors. Meanwhile, the concept of sharia review working capital turnover is an effort to increase the amount of capital in accordance with sharia regulations through production or investment according to the expected objectives.
BRAND SWITCHING BEHAVIOUR PADA PRODUK SKINCARE HALAL DITINJAU BERDASARKAN PRIOR EXPERIENCE DAN VARIETY SEEKING BUYING BEHAVIOUR
Authors: Lestari Nia Kurnia
Published: February 2024

Companies must be able to answer market challenges and take advantage of these challenges to become opportunities to survive in the future. If the company is unable to create advantages from the products it pro­du­ces, the likelihood that consumers will make brand transfers to the products they consume will be higher. The objectives of this study are To understand the great influence of Prior Experience and Variety seeking Buying Be­ha­vior on Brand Switching Behavior in Wardah's skincare product consumers. The research method used in this study is an explanatory method with a quantitative approach. The data used are primary data obtained from questionnaires of respondents who are consumers of Wardah skincare products in Bandung. The results of si­mul­taneously it was concluded that Prior Experience (X1) and Variety Seeking Buying behavior (X2) simul­taneously had a positive and significant effect on Brand Switching Behavior (Y) in wardah skincare consumers in Bandung City, because the value of F count ≥ F table (11.302 ≥ 3.090). So, the prior experience factors using Wardah skincare products, as well as the factor to what extent the level of consumers' desire to seek variations on other products are two factors out of the many factors that can influence consumers to do so. brand shift.
KEADILAN DISTRIBUTIF DALAM EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: Nurdiansyah Irdan , Andani Listia
Published: February 2024

Fair distribution of wealth is a manifestation of justice in Islam. In contrast to the pre-existing distributive justice theory, Islam regulates justice in a comprehensive way. The writing is processed using the literature study method obtained from various books, journals, and other related references. Distributive justice in the Islamic perspective is not related to the benefits that will be obtained in this world, but also in the hereafter. Islam demands maximizing benefit for the common good and minimizing harm. The concept offered by Islam is able to be a balancer as well as a solution for equality and justice in a social order.
PERBANDINGAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN KONVENSIONAL DAN SYARIAH
Authors: Setiawan Iwan
Published: February 2024

Laporan keuangan (Financial Statment) merupakan Produk Akhir dariserangkaian proses Pencatatan dan Pengikhtisaran data transaksi bisnis, seorangakuntan diharapkan mampu unuk mengorganisir seluruh data akuntansi sehinggamenghasilkan laporan keuangan dan bahkan harus dapat menginterpestasikan sertamenganilisis laporan kuangan yang dibuatnya. Bahkan tolak ukur sehat tidaknyasuatu Lembaga keuangan ataupun Perusahaan itu dilihat dari laporan keuangandan hal tersebut akan mempengaruhi keputusan pihak eksternal dalam hal ivestasiataupun lainnya dalam hal ini penulis menyajikan dua bahan laporan keuangansebagai perbandingan yakni laporan keuangan konvensional dan syariah, dimnakeduanya memiliki kesamaan dan perbedaan dalam banyak hal. Nmun padahakikatnya tujuan keduanya ialah sama yakni meyajikan laporan kesehatan lembagaatau prushan dalam bentuk laporan keuangan.
MEKANISME PASAR MODAL ATAU PERDAGANGAN EFEK SYARIAH (FATWA DSN-MUI)
Authors: Nurhaeti Nurhaeti , Nasrulloh Deka Ahmad
Published: February 2024

In national economic development, the capital market has a strategic role, namely as a source of long-term financing for the business world and an investment vehicle for investors. The problem in the Islamic capital market is that regulations, mechanisms and market transactions as a whole have elements that are prohibited by Islam. Overall, the trading mechanism on the Indonesia Stock Exchange based on the DSN-MUI Fatwa has been well implemented. This can be seen from the indicators of sharia securities issuance criteria, securities trading mechanisms, prohibited types and transactions, and sharia securities. still has a shortcoming, namely the lack of information provided by the broker so that customers get incorrect information such as regarding fees and contracts made more likely to be intended for brokers (companies).Keywords : Mechanism, Sharia Securities Trading, Fatwa DSN-MUI
THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY AND PROMOTION LEVEL ON THE INTEREST IN USING ISLAMIC BANK PRODUCTS IN STUDENTS OF UIN SUNAN GUNUNG DJATI BANDUNG
Authors: Rihadatulaisy Yumni Alfiah , Trisyanti Anindhyta Putri
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis research was motivated by the significant use of Islamic bank products for UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung students. This paper aims to determine the influence of financial literacy and promotion on interest in becoming a Sharia bank customer for UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung students. The use of methods used in this study is quantitative research methods and surveys. The population in this study was 29,350 students of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung  , and a sample of 88 respondents was obtained. The sampling technique uses clusters. Data collection method by questionnaire. The results revealed that the level of Islamic financial literacy had a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05 and had a positive and significant effect on public interest in saving at Islamic banks. In contrast, promotions of 0.061 > 0.05 so that it had no effect and was not compelling to people's interest in saving at Islamic banks.Keywords: Financial Literacy, Promotion, Interest, and Islamic Bank.
FISCAL STRESS IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS: DO LOCAL REVENUE, DEBT UTILIZATION AND SERVICE LEVEL FLEXIBILITY INFLUENCE?
Authors: Nasution Ichlasul Amin
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of local revenue, debt usage and flexibility of local government service levels on fiscal stress in regencies and cities in North Sumatra Province. This study included all 33 districts and cities in North Sumatra Province in three periods from 2019-2021. There are several tests used in this study descriptive statistical test, classical assumption test. In addition, the analysis method used is multiple regression analysis. Because in the literature, there is still much that needs to be developed regarding variables or factors that cause fiscal stress. The research results obtained are regional income, debt usage and service level flexibility simultaneously have a positive effect on fiscal stress in districts and cities in North Sumatra Province. Regional income with an indicator of the independence ratio partially has a negative effect on fiscal stress and the intergovernmental ratio partially has a positive effect on Fiscal Stress in districts and cities in North Sumatra Province. The use of debt partially has a negative effect on fiscal stress in regencies and cities in North Sumatra Province and the flexibility of service levels partially has no significant effect on fiscal stress in regencies and cities in North Sumatra Province. This study develops a local revenue model using the independence and intergovernmental ratios that can be used by local governments in designing policies related to the management of their local revenues.
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARD STATEMENT 71 ON PROVISIONING FOR RECEIVABLE LOSSES
Authors: Mustafa Nurhikmah , S Masnawaty , Azis Fajriani
Published: February 2024

This study aims to analyze Financial Accounting Standard Statement 71 on the provision of receivable losses at PT Pelindo Jasa Maritim Subholding. Data collection techniques are carried out by conducting interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique is carried out by descriptive analysis by describing the findings based on the results of the data collected. The results of this study are that PT Pelindo Jasa Maritim has suppressed the movement of the impairment loss reserve in 2020 by 20.86%, while allowance for impairment losses for 2021 is 9.72% so it can be concluded that the determination, recognition and measurement of the impairment loss reserve at PT Pelindo Jasa Maritim, has been in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Statement 71 from 2020-2021 even though seen from the percentage of credit still fluctuates. Financial Accounting Standard Statement 71 is very helpful in financial reporting and a significant allowance for impairment losses is included in the calculation of credit losses, the determination of this reserve depends on how much the four estimated future cash flows are to determine individual reserves.
THE IMPACT OF THE BOGOR BLESSING PROGRAM ON BUSINESS INCOME: MSME MUSTAHIK IN BOGOR CITY
Authors: Praja Yusup Erwanda , Kurnia Tuti , Amin Muhammad , Akbar Gamal
Published: February 2024

This study aims to determine the impact of MSME empowerment from productive zakat funds through the Bogor Berkah program implemented by BAZNAS Bogor City on mustahik MSME business income. The research method used is quantitative with multiple linear regression analysis method. The data collection method uses interviews and questionnaires. The results of the study partially show that the implementation of the Bogor Berkah program on business capital assistance, skills training, marketing practices and mentoring has a significant effect on the business income of mustahik MSMEs by increasing the income generated. While simultaneously the implementation of the Bogor Blessing program has a significant effect on the business income of mustahik MSMEs by increasing the income generated.
LITERATURE EVALUATION OF SHARIA AUDITING IN ZAKAT MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Yanti Sri Devi , Abdullah Muhammad Wahyuddin , Muchlis Syaiful
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the literature related to sharia auditing in OPZ in Indonesia by conducting literature mapping. The research method used is systematic literature review. The literature search used the Google Scholar database with the help of the Publish or Perish 8 application. The article search was carried out using the keyword "Zakat Audit". Based on the systematic literature review conducted on 10 articles spanning 2019-2023, it shows that research in scientific journals related to the topic of sharia auditing in zakat management organizations in Indonesia is dominated by qualitative research methods and it is found that there are three subthemes that are the focus of research related to sharia auditing in zakat management organizations in Indonesia namely, 1) Implementation of sharia audit in zakat management organizations; 2) The role of sharia audit in zakat management organizations, and 3) Problems of sharia audit in zakat management organizations
The Urgency of Halal Certification in Halal Cosmetic Brands in Indonesia
Authors: Putri Azzahra Fitriani
Published: February 2024

Kebutuhan kosmetik di Indonesia untuk mendapatkan sertifikasi halal berakar pada populasi negara yang mayoritas beragama Islam dan komitmennya terhadap prinsip-prinsip Islam. Oleh karena itu, merek kosmetik halal hadir sebagai pilihan yang tepat karena terdiri dari bahan-bahan yang aman, bersertifikat, dan diakui kehalalannya. Tingginya permintaan serta kesadaran halal dari masyarakat akan produk kosmetik halal menjadi salah satu faktor yang mendesak untuk memiliki sertifikasi halal bagi sebuah merek. Sertifikasi ini tidak hanya memenuhi kebutuhan populasi Muslim lokal tetapi juga memposisikan Indonesia di pasar halal global. Pertumbuhan pasar Indonesia juga terus mendukung produk dalam negeri yang mencari peluang untuk memenuhi pasar domestik dan memberikan dampak yang signifikan di kancah internasional. Selain itu, terdapat tantangan yang dapat dihadapi oleh industri kosmetik halal mulai dari proses sertifikasi hingga edukasi konsumen dan akses pasar global. Metode kualitatif melalui studi literatur digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui urgensi sertifikasi halal pada merek-merek kosmetik di Indonesia untuk mendorong mereka menjadi merek kosmetik berstandar halal.
Okoliczności, przebieg i następstwa sprowadzenia relikwii bł. Wincentego Kadłubka do katedry sandomierskiej w 1845 r.
Authors: Hapak Emil
Published: February 2024

The article describes the journey of the relics of Blessed Vincent Kadlubek’s to Sandomierz Cathedral in 1845. The introduction discusses the origins of the cult of Blessed Vincent in this cathedral, the religiosity of Sandomierz residents of the first half of the 19th century, the efforts of Bishop Joseph Goldtmann to bring the relics to Sandomierz, as well as the process of obtaining them from the Cistercian monastery in Jedrzejow. The further part of the study describes their introduction to the Sandomierz Cathedral, reconstructing the course of the procession from the Reformate monastery church to the cathedral and the celebrations that followed. The last part of the article discusses the repercussions from the Russian authorities that followed these events as well as the positive consequences.
Pedagogical importance of reading literacy. A comparative study on PISA
Authors: Rosado-Castellano Fátima , Martín-Sánchez Miguel
Published: February 2024

Reading, as complex cognitive activity, has become the focus of numerous national and international studies from a comparative perspective. This research analyses the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) over the last few years due to, according to the results, the low performance presented by Spanish students in reading skills. This low result is shown in the different stages analysed and it is even worse if it is considered the 2006 and 2018 reports since in those years worst results were achieved (461 and 477 points respectively).

In order to do this, different factors that have an influence on reading skills are analysed. It is done a comparative and longitudinal research from 2000 to 2018 that considers all the results provided by OECD. With that data in mind and the purpose of understanding them and contextualize those factors that could rise to them, other elements are studied, such as the presence of the reading skills in the Spanish legislation, the investment made in Secondary Education, the rate of students who finish Compulsory Secondary School, as well as the evolution that school libraries have had in terms of number, uses or the participation of families and the environment in them. These aspects are analysed in a way that is compared with the reading performance obtained throughout the PISA studies. Finally, the approach of the PISA reports justifies its use as a reference for a qualitative and global understanding of the aspects that interfere with appropriate reading skills in fifteen-year-old students. This goes beyond numerical results.
Exploring Lattice Defects in Palladium and its Alloys Using Dissolved Hydrogen
Authors: Flanagan Ted B. , Balasubramaniam R. , Kirchheim R.
Published: February 2024

The first part of this paper, published in the July issue of this Journal, described the combination of physical metallurgical techniques and hydrogen solubilities used to help in characterising defects in palladium (Pd) and Pd alloys. In this second part, the solubilities of hydrogen (H2) in internally oxidised Pd alloys are discussed. Internal oxidation, for example of a palladium-aluminium alloy, results in the formation of small alumina precipitates within the Pd matrix. Dissolved H in the alloy is strongly trapped at the metal/oxide interface. This can be detected by deviations in H solubility from that expected for Pd. Hydrogen in Pd and its alloys has been modelled mathematically as the occupation by H atoms of interstitial sites within fixed metal sublattices. However, recently it has been realised that at moderately high temperatures and H2 pressures some alloy lattices are not fixed, as the dissolved H promotes metal atom diffusion. This results in phase separation in some alloys, for example (Pd + Pt + H), according to a ternary equilibrium. The dissolved H can be removed from such alloys at low temperatures allowing the metastable, phase-separated alloy lattices to be characterised via measurements of H2 solubilities and suitable physical metallurgical techniques.
Platinum Group Metals and their Oxides in Semiconductor Photosensitisation
Authors: Mills A. , Lee S.-K.
Published: February 2024

The basic principles of semiconductor photochemistry, particularly using titania as a semiconductor photocatalyst, are discussed. When a platinum group metal or its oxide is deposited onto the surface of a sensitised semiconductor the overall efficiency of the reactions it takes part in are often improved, especially when the deposits are used as hydrogen and oxygen catalysts, respectively. Methods of depositing metal or metal oxide are examined, and a particular focus is given to a photodeposition process that uses a sacrificial electron donor. Platinum group metal and platinum group metal oxide coated semiconductor photocatalysts are prominent in heterogeneous systems that are capable of the photoreduction, oxidation and cleavage of water. There is a recent renaissance in work on water-splitting semiconductor-sensitised photosystems, but there are continued concerns over their irreproducibility, longevity and photosynthetic nature.
Recovery of Value Fission Platinoids from Spent Nuclear Fuel
Authors: Kolarik Zdenek , Renard Edouard V.
Published: February 2024

Several processes are reviewed for recovering fission platinoids from radioactive liquids and solid material that typically originate during the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel by the Purex process. The liquids are radioactive high-level liquid waste and the solution obtained on dissolving the spent nuclear fuel in nitric acid (dissolver solution). The solid is the undissolved fuel residue (dissolver residue). The processes described here have been particularly developed to recover platinoids or, if aimed at the separation of actinides, platinoid recovery is included. Hydrometallurgical processes are predominantly based on solvent extraction, electrodeposition and ion exchange, and less frequently on precipitation and extraction chromatography. Pyrochemical processes are based on extraction or distillation.
Bicentenary of Four Platinum Group Metals
Authors: Griffith W. P.
Published: February 2024

This paper follows an earlier one on the discoveries of rhodium and palladium in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston . In 1804, two more of the platinum metals: iridium and osmium were discovered, also in London. This paper concerns the bicentenary of their discovery by Wollaston’s friend and collaborator, Smithson Tennant.
Activated Platinum Surfaces
Authors: J.C.C
Published: February 2024

Overvoltage effects at platinum electrodes may often be reduced by “activating” the surfaces by alternate oxidising and reducing treatments. The “activity” so produced soon deteriorates, and the phenomena are now ascribed to a thin unstable layer of disoriented platinum atoms which are formed on the surface and then rapidly reorient themselves.
Molecular Models: A Means of Studying Catalytic Hydrogenations
Authors: Morris Freifelder
Published: February 2024

Although in many cases it will not be necessary, the assembly of molecular models can prove extremely valuable in studying certain types of catalytic hydrogenations. They may, for example, help in understanding problems of selectivity when more than one reducible group is present, and they can also show whether poisoning by certain atoms will occur, offering a possibility of overcoming this by the use of more vigorous conditions or of more catalyst.
Efficiency of Platinum Gauzes in the Manufacture of Nitric Acid
Authors: Blair, J. , Gibb, J. G.
Published: February 2024

In an ammonia oxidation plant for the manufacture of nitric acid the rhodium-platinum alloy catalyst gauzes must be pickled at intervals to remove accumulated impurities such as iron oxide and so to avoid a reduction in catalytic efficiency. This article outlines a method recently devised to determine the optimum frequency of pickling required to ensure consistent operation at high efficiency.
Rapid Determination of Carbon in Steel-Making
Authors: Clark C. R. N.
Published: February 2024

Carbon content is the controlling factor in operating a steel-making furnace, and fast and accurate carbon determinations can yield fuel and time savings that lower production costs. This article describes an expendable device incorporating a platinum: rhodium-platinum thermocouple which gives carbon contents extremely rapidly by thermal arrest point determination.
Design of Rhodium-Platinum Furnace Elements
Authors: Gutt W. , Hinkins B.
Published: February 2024

The design of high temperature furnaces incorporating internally wound 20 per cent rhodium-platinum heating elements has been developed and improved over many years at the Building Research Station. The type of construction described here permits a higher furnace temperature to be obtained for a given winding temperature than is possible with other constructions, and yet enables good working lives to be achieved.
Platinum Metal Complexes in Homogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Bond G. C.
Published: February 2024

A General Discussion of the Faraday Society was held at the University of Liverpool last September on the subject of “Homogeneous Catalysis with Special Reference to Hydrogenation and Oxidation”. Of the eighteen papers presented for discussion, six related particularly to platinum metal salts and complexes, five being concerned with hydrogenation or hydrogen transfer and one with oxidation. These papers are reviewed here.
The Electrosynthesis of Organic Compounds
Authors: Fleischmann Martin , Pletcher Derek
Published: February 2024

The development of electrochemical routes in the industrial production of organic compounds is beginning to attract considerable interest. Already two large-scale processes are in operation, one producing adiponitrile from acrylonitrile, an intermediate step in the manufacture of Nylon 66, and the other producing lead tetra-ethyl anti-knock compounds. This article reviews the basic electrochemistry involved in this type of synthesis and outlines the great possibilities being opened up by advances in technique, in reactor design and in the development of new types of electrode structures in which platinum and its associated metals will play an important part.
Surface Phenomena on Rhodium-Platinum Gauzes
Authors: Philpott J. E.
Published: February 2024

The rare occurrence of inactive catalyst gauzes for no obvious reason has led to comparative studies of the structures of rhodium-platinum wires from both active and inactive gauzes. Active gauzes showed the regular development of octagonal crystal faces on the nodular growths on the wires. Inactive gauzes showed no crystal development and an amorphous growth appeared on the wires. Segregation of rhodium and iron at the surface occurred in this case, perhaps due to unusual plant operating conditions, and may have caused deactivation.
Resistance Ratio and Purification of Platinum
Authors: Shah J. S. , Brookbanks D. M.
Published: February 2024

Accurate correlation between the purity and the properties of platinum is essential both to quantify the properties of the metal with a view to its practical applications and to establish the behaviour of platinum as a representative metal for various physical and chemical measurements. The authors of this paper describe the systematic purification of a platinum bar by vacuum-melting and zone-refining. The final residual resistance ratio obtained was very high. The purity of the platinum, as indicated by optical and mass spectrography, then compared well with the best values previously reported.
Platinum Recovery in Ammonia Oxidation Plants
Authors: Heywood A. E.
Published: February 2024

Since the initial development of the gold-palladium catchment gauze system for platinum recovery in 1968 considerable practical experience has been obtained. The optimism expressed at that time proved to have been well founded, recovery figures in excess of 60 per cent of the gross platinum losses having been regularly obtained. Some initial problems with the mechanics of installation have now been overcome and this article describes the practical aspects of the recovery system and its effect on the economics of the ammonia oxidation process.
The Production of Acetic Acid
Authors: Roth James F.
Published: February 2024

The new Monsanto Company acetic acid process employs a rhodium-based homogeneous liquid-phase catalyst which promotes methanol carbonylation in high selectivity and at low pressures. This article describes some of the chemistry involved in this process, with particular emphasis on the role played by rhodium complexes in the catalytic cycle.
Trifluorophosphine Complexes of the Platinum Metals
Authors: Nixon John F. , Richard Swain J.
Published: February 2024

The chemistry of the trifluorophosphine complexes of the transition metals, and of the platinum metals in particular, is of increasing importance. This article describes some of the more recent developments in trifluorophosphine complexes of the platinum metals, including their syntheses, structures, reactions, and potential as homogeneous catalysts.
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalytic Phenomena
Authors: B. F. G. J.
Published: February 2024

At an international colloquium sponsored by the Centre National de la Recherche and held at Lyon in November 1977 the four principal lectures, and several of the supporting ones, featured the use of platinum group metals as catalysts. The main objective of this meeting was to bring together chemists working with heterogeneous catalytic reactions and others specialising in inorganic and organometallic chemistry in order that they could together consider the relations between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic phenomena.
Homogeneous Catalysis with the Platinum Metals
Authors: Hartley F. R.
Published: February 2024

The First International Symposium on Homogeneous Catalysis was held in December last in Corpus Christi, Texas, one of the petrochemical centres of the United States of America. This review presents only a brief account of the conference and concentrates on the contributions that particularly concerned the platinum metals.
The Powder Metallurgy of Platinum
Authors: Chaston J. C.
Published: February 2024

The history of the powder metallurgy of platinum may well be claimed to be the history of powder metallurgy itself. For very many years all the malleable platinum used in industry was made by this process, developed independently in Spain, in England and in Russia. The author outlines the struggles of the early workers in this field and discusses the cause of the cracking which they occasionally reported.
Tin-Palladium Catalysts for Electroless Plating
Authors: Krulik Gerald A.
Published: February 2024

The application of electroless plating as a surface coating technique for producing both functional and decorative finishes has increased substantially with the growth in the requirement for printed circuit boards, and with the widespread use of plastics for so many purposes. During the plating process a thin layer of catalyst is applied to the dielectric surface and a layer of metal, generally copper or nickel, is then electroless plated on top. The versatility and cost-effectiveness of tin-palladium catalysts have resulted in their almost universal use.
Platinum-Enriched Superalloys
Authors: Coupland D. R. , Hall C. W. , McGill I. R.
Published: February 2024

The initial phase in the development of a new class of high temperature materials based upon the incorporation of platinum group metals as alloy constituents in nickel based superalloys has been reported here previously. It was shown that the new alloys provide enhanced resistance to environmental corrosion when compared with their conventional base metal counterparts, without detriment to high temperature strength. This paper describes the results of more detailed studies of the constitutional and structural aspects of these complex alloys which led to the design of a developmental alloy, RJM2012, specifically tailored for operation under the aggressive environmental conditions found in the industrial and marine gas turbine.
The Story of the Platinum-Wound Electric Resistance Furnace
Authors: Mackenzie R. C.
Published: February 2024

For many years platinum-wound furnaces have been established as a means of obtaining high temperatures without the complication of a protective atmosphere to surround the resistance elements. Indeed, such electric furnaces were first produced commercially in Germany around the turn of the present century. The history of their early development has, however, never been described, and in this paper the author gives a detailed account of their origin and their gradual development into valuable items of laboratory equipment.
Platinised Titanium Electrodes for Cathodic Protection
Authors: Hayfield P. C. S.
Published: February 2024

Over the past quarter of a century a combination of platinum and titanium has been used increasingly as an electrode material for the cathodic protection of steel in marine environments and underground structures. As a result of accumulated experience gained in many situations it is now possible to set guidelines within which the material may be used with confidence, thus greater application is probable.
Hydrogen in Palladium and Its Alloys
Authors: F.A.L.
Published: February 2024

Information concerning the absorption of hydrogen by palladium and its alloys continues to form a significant part of the subject material presented at conferences on metal/hydrogen systems.
Platinum Group Metal Catalysis at the End of This Century
Authors: Acres G. J. K.
Published: February 2024

At the annual meeting of the Royal Society of Chemistry, held earlier in the year at Exeter University, Dr. Acres, Director of Research, Johnson Matthey, gave some predictions about platinum group metal catalysed reactions in the year 2000. This article is based upon his lecture.
The Chemistry of the Platinum Group Metals
Authors: Murrer B. A.
Published: February 2024

Following a successful meeting held in Bristol in 1981, the second international conference to deal entirely with the chemistry of the platinum group metals was held at the University of Edinburgh in July 1984, sponsored by the Dalton Division of the Royal Society of Chemistry. The conference attracted over three hundred participants from both academic and industrial organisations in twenty three countries. There were twenty seven lectures, and in excess of one hundred posters presented during the week. The lectures are summarised here, while a book containing abstracts of the posters only is available from the Royal Society of Chemistry.
The Production of Palladium Powders for Electronic Applications
Authors: Ferrier, G. G. , Berzins A. R. , Davey N. M.
Published: February 2024

Recent investigations into metal powder fabrication by chemical precipitation techniques have shown that a wide variety of powder morphologies can be obtained by making subtle changes in the reaction parameters. Palladium powders produced using these techniques find wide application in the microelectronics industry, particularly as metallisations for multilayer ceramic capacitors or in thick film interconnection systems.
Platinum-Clad Electrodes for Magnetohydrodynamic Generators
Authors: Hruby V. , Petty S. , Kessler R.
Published: February 2024

The combination of a coal fired magnetohydrodynamic generator and a conventional steam-driven turbo-generator promises greater efficiency, cheaper electricity and lower environmental pollution than conventional power stations. Until recently, the unacceptably short lifetime of the anode electrodes has prevented this promise being fulfilled. Based upon tests described in this paper, it is predicted that the use of platinum-clad electrodes will dramatically increase the expected generator lifetime, thus paving the way to the commercialisation of magnetohydrodynamic energy converters. Approximately 1300 hours of electrode operation has now been achieved and an extrapolation of the results suggests a lifetime of 6000 to 8000 hours.
Platinum in the Glass Industry
Authors: Stokes J.
Published: February 2024

Platinum and its alloys have long been accepted as essential materials for the fabrication of equipment used in the glass industry. However the superior mechanical properties of the zirconia grain stabilised materials developed by Johnson Matthey have led to their successful utilisation for many of the most demanding applications; for others conventional platinum group metals and alloys are still preferred and both types of material are considered here.
Separating Platinum from Gold During the Early Eighteenth Century
Authors: Capitán-Vallvey L. F.
Published: February 2024

Following the discovery of platinum in the Viceroyalty of New Granada at the beginning of the 18th Century, its use to degrade gold forced the colonial authorities to improve their existing methods of separating and analysing the precious metals. Using information from the Royal Mint of Santa Fé de Bogotá, the various ways of separating these metals are now considered, including the little-known method of inquartation.
Electrochemically-Induced Solid-State Fusion
Authors: G.A.H
Published: February 2024

The 1989 Spring Meeting of the Electrochemical Society was held in Los Angeles, California, from 7th to 12th May. Without doubt the major talking point among the 1,626 delegates concerned the prospects of nuclear fusion being achieved by the simple electrolysis of heavy water, between a palladium cathode and a platinum anode.
Isomers of Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes
Authors: Professor Yu. N. Kukushkin
Published: February 2024

Geometrical isomers of platinum(II) and palladium(II) differ substantially in their chemical and biological properties. Under certain conditions one isomeric compound can transform into another. It is essential for chemists to be aware of the probable direction of the isomerisation process, and to predict which isomer is likely to be relatively more stable. The rules in this paper will permit such judgements to be made.
Controlling Automobile Emissions
Authors: D.E.W.
Published: February 2024

Attendance at the 1991 Society of Automotive Engineers International Congress and Exposition held in Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. from 25th February to 1st March, 1991, was affected by the conflict in the Middle East; in particular representation front Europe and Japan was considerably less than usual. Nevertheless there was an extensive programme of technical papers covering many aspects of the motor car in a number of parallel sessions, several of which covered emissions technology.
“Palladium; or, New Silver”
Authors: Cottington Ian E.
Published: February 2024

The recent surge of interest in palladium, an element whose history has not been afforded the same coverage in this Journal as that given to platinum, has prompted this account of the discovery and preliminary investigation of this important member of the platinum group of metals. The first written reports about palladium resulted in controversy, confusion and embarrassment; its inclusion in jewellery in the early twentieth century, and more especially some recent claims concerning palladium electrodes, had similar effects. A number of the people who contributed in various ways to the introduction of this metal to the scientific community in the early nineteenth century are also considered, briefly.
An Interfacial Mediator Interpretation of Noble Metal Electrocatalysis
Authors: Burke L. D.
Published: February 2024

Electrocatalysis is of considerable interest in many areas, such as in energy conversion and storage, electroanalysis, water purification and electroless metal deposition, and some of the most active materials in this area are the noble metals and their oxides, for example platinum and ruthenium dioxide. It is widely accepted that (even in heterogeneous catalysis in general) there is a wide gap between theory and practice: most industrial catalysts are developed by repetitive testing techniques. It has been proposed by the author that the fundamental problem in this area is the fact that the active interfacial mediators in electrocatalysis, which are the adatoms and incipient hydrous oxide species, reside virtually outside the solid lattice and exhibit chemical – and especially redox – behaviour very different to that of well embedded surface species. There is an urgent need to develop and apply highly sensitive techniques to investigate the behaviour of such quite low coverage reactive surface/interfacial species.
The Dechlorination of Hydrocarbons
Authors: Korte Nic , Liang Liyuan , Muftikian Rosy , Grittini Carina , Fernando Quintus
Published: February 2024

The pollution of groundwater and soils by industrial chemicals is a cause of significant environmental concern. Treatment with palladium is suggested as a means of decontaminating certain occurrences of polluted soil and groundwater. Palladium can be chemically deposited onto zero-valence iron (Fe0) and the resulting bimetal is very effective in dechlorinating many of the toxic chemicals, produced as industrial effluents, that are found in soils and groundwater. With a palladium content of 0.05 per cent (w/w), the rate at which trichloroethene is dechlorinated is one to two orders of magnitude faster than with iron alone. Similarly, a bimetal made of palladium/iron readily dechlorinates dichloromethane and polychlorinated biphenyls which are not easily reduced by Fe0.
PRESSURE EFFECT ON POOL BOILING HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH-VOLATILE LIQUIDS WITH STRUCTURED SURFACE
Authors: Khaziev Ilâsat A. , Filippov Maksim D. , Tupotilova Alena V. , Lyulin Yuriy V. , Dedov Aleksey V.
Published: February 2024

The study of enhancement of the heat transfer during boiling and an increase of the critical heat fluxes (CHF) have
a great importance in design of the modern and cost-effective heat transfer devices for thermal management of microelectronics, cryogenics and refrigeration, and the power electrical engineering industry. In this work we present the results of the experimental studies of the heat transfer and CHF during the pool boiling of refrigerants R113, RC318, and dielectric liquid HFE-7100 on a structured surface under saturation conditions in the range of reduced pressures 0.03-0.36. The effect the heat flux and pressure on the boiling heat transfer coefficient was studied. It is shown that the correlation of Yagov predicts with an accuracy of ± 35% the CHF for pool boiling of highly volatile liquids on structured surfaces in a wide range of reduced pressure.
METHODOLOGICAL FEATURES OF STEAM TECHNOLOGY IN THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
Authors:   National School-Lyceum of Innovative Technologies named after professor A.Moldokulov, Kasymaliev Muratbek , Asanova Meliskan ,   National School-Lyceum of Innovative Technologies named after professor A.Moldokulov, Ibragimov Jaynak ,   National School-Lyceum of Innovative Technologies named after professor A.Moldokulov
Published: February 2024

STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics) is an integrated approach to learning that emphasizes the importance of combining science with art and design. This article examines the methodological features of introducing STEAM technology into the educational system of the Kyrgyz Republic, and also explores the contribution of this approach to sustainable education and development of the country. The article analyzes the main components of STEAM education, presents methods and practical aspects of its implementation, and also evaluates the results and prospects for further development of this area. The article reveals the methodological features of the introduction of STEAM technology, such as the integration of subjects, the active participation of students and the use of modern technologies, which play a key role in achieving this goal. This can contribute to the sustainable development of the country and increase its competitiveness on the world stage.
METHODOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROBLEM OF DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS OF JUNIOR SCHOOLCHILDREN
Authors:   Secondary School named after Ch.Baisalbekova, Suimenkulova Jildiz , Kasymaliev Muratbek ,   Ministry of Education and Science of the Kyrgyz Republic, Kaldybaev Salidin ,   Ala-Too International University
Published: February 2024

This article discusses the methodological characteristics (goals, principles, content, features, forms, methods, criteria, conditions) of the formation of communicative skills of primary school students. An analysis of the works of scientists on the communication abilities of students was carried out. As a subject of communicative activity (forming an idea of a person as a subject of the surrounding world, as an individual, forming an attitude towards him as a subject of communication), the issues of determining and implementing the stages of formation are considered, taking into account the student’s attitude towards himself. The content of the concept “communication skills of primary school students” is analyzed. Research in this direction is aimed at theoretical substantiation and testing of pedagogical conditions that contribute to the formation of communicative skills of primary school students. The article also mentions the scientific knowledge that can be gained from the research.
POETIC CHARACTER OF PORTRAIT DESCRIPTIONS
Authors:   Kyrgyz State University named after I.Arabaev, Akylbekova Altynai
Published: February 2024

There is no doubt that another large group of traditional Kyrgyz songs are songs about love. In different eras, the works of the masters of the word reflect the spirit of their time. The historical path traveled by the people has always had a lively response in the work of akyns, manaschi storytellers, critics and thinkers, reflecting their inner world.Love songs are also a genre that has spread to the masses and gained a lot of popularity. It can also be noted that over the years, the folk language has been formed as a classic example of both creativity. Love songs are created from the fullness of the inner experiences of the human soul, and it should be considered in conjunction with the historical, political and social life of the people. In their love poems, akyns (improvisers) skillfully employed a variety of 7-8 syllable models and paired phrases. Especially on their love poems, they often used portrait descriptions to express the beaty and character of women and successfully fulfilled poetic and artistic functions. Each of Barpy’s poems are dedicated to the theme of love, portrait images were aesthetically utilized within their limits.
A NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE ADHESION BETWEEN THE LAYERS OF METAL-POLYMER-METAL COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Authors: Glushchenkov Vladimir A. , Palkowski Heinz , Yusupov Rinat Y. , Matveev Denis A. , Khardin Mikhail
Published: February 2024

Development of a non-destructive measuring technique for evaluating the bonding quality of metal-polymer-metal composite sheet materials is introduced. Sufficient adhesion is necessary to ensure further shaping steps or bearing loads when used without failure due to delamination. Much attention is paid to determining the quality of gluing. According to the patent-literature review, no non-destructive measuring or quality control of layers’ bonding quality over the entire surface has been found. Thus, a new technical solution is proposed for defining the quality of bonding between the layers by means of electrodynamic repulsion forces arising from the pulse current passing over the metal layers of a composite in the counter direction. The feasibility of the method is tested in laboratory conditions. For its implementation, the necessary values of the test parameters are obtained, i.e., the values of the current transmitted through metal layers. In addition, the possibility of detecting local defects of different shapes and sizes with the proposed method is estimated.
SYNTHESIS OF CALCIUM SILICATE MATERIALS FROM THE RESIDUAL WASTE SLUDGE OF A WATER-PURIFICATION PLANT
Authors: Kieu Do Trung Kien , Thang Nguyen Hoc , Uyen Nhi Nguyen Vu , Minh Do Quang
Published: February 2024

Calcium silicate is produced from a mixture of silica sand powder, lime, paper pulp, and Portland cement hydrothermally steamed at 180 °C for about 16 h. This material is considered environmentally friendly and is popular in countries around the world. In this study, quartz sand was replaced with residual waste sludge from water-filtration plants to produce calcium silicate materials. Nowadays, the residual waste sludge from water-filtration plants is an environmental problem that needs to be treated. The results of determining the properties showed that a sample using 10 w/% residual waste sludge gave the best replacement. This sample had a bending strength of 10.95 MPa, a volumetric density of 1.57 g/cm3, and water absorption of 23.67 %. The results of the analysis of the mineral composition (by X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) and microstructure (by scanning electron microscopy) showed that all samples formed tobermorite and xonotlite minerals. The tobermorite and the xonotlite are hydro-silicate-calcium minerals characteristic of calcium silicate materials, which are the synthesis products of chemical reactions of SiO2, CaO, and H2O under hydrothermal conditions. Samples using 5–10 w/% of waste residual sludge have even higher mechanical strength than samples without. Therefore, using waste residual sludge from water-filtration plants to replace part of the sand in producing calcium silicate materials can be considered an effective method to treat environmental problems caused by waste residual sludge.
MEASUREMENT OF ADHESION PROPERTIES OF Ni2Al3 COATING WITH A MICRO SCRATCH TESTER AND AUTOMATIC SCRATCH TESTER
Authors: Li Ningning , Xu Lei , Peng Jin , Chen Xi , Tang Mingqi , Yang Jiajia , Shang Yan
Published: February 2024

A functionally graded Ni2Al3 coating, prepared with a two-step method of nickel electroplating and pack aluminizing, can improve the hardness of low-carbon steel and other surface performance features. However, the adhesion between the coating and the substrate is an important factor affecting these properties. The primary purpose of this study was to introduce a test for determining the adhesion of the Ni2Al3 coating, which included two tools, namely a micro scratch tester (MST) and a WS-2000 automatic scratch tester, used for measuring the coating adhesion and observing the scratch morphology. Results show that the adhesion is about 14 N according to the MST, which is equivalent to 56 N obtained with WS-2000. As the load increases, the scratches gradually become larger and deeper. Finally, the surface morphology shows cracks, indicating that the coating has failed.