Network Analysis in Global Emergency Medicine: Mapping Collaborative Structures and Enhancing Connectivity
Authors: Kijpaisalratana Norawit , El Ariss Abdul Badih , Menon Prem , Yuan Jeffrey , Chen David , Shannon Kevin , Memon Rmaah , Danaher-Garcia Nicole , Kivlehan Sean , He Shuhan 
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Network analysis, which draws from fields including mathematics, sociology, and public health, is essential for interpreting complex data relationships within healthcare information systems. This approach not only highlights intricate care patterns but also enhances the navigability of systems, making complex healthcare information more accessible [1]. Our study builds on previous applications of network analysis in healthcare, specifically examining its use in structuring academic health center websites in the U.S. to improve user-oriented spaces. Our research explores the digital ecosystem of emergency medicine organizations globally, focusing on the International Federation for Emergency Medicine (IFEM). By employing a systematic, automated approach to network mapping, we aim to uncover collaborative patterns and enhance the online presence of emergency resources. This effort supports greater global collaboration and information sharing among emergency medicine organizations, leveraging the strong networks and insights provided by IFEM to ensure universal access to high-quality emergency services.

Methodology
We utilized a four-step process for mapping and analyzing the global network of emergency medicine organizations:
Web Crawling: We collected data from the IFEM website using the Screaming Frog SEO Spider tool. The crawl depth was set to three to ensure comprehensive data capture from IFEM and its connected links.
Content Filtering: BeautifulSoup was used to parse HTML content. We filtered the extracted data for relevance to emergency medicine organizations. The data was further refined using the Gemini 1.0 Pro model to isolate pertinent information about the organizations' names and locations.
Geolocation Resolution: Location data extracted from the web pages was converted into geographical coordinates using the Geopy library’s Nominatim tool to accurately map of each organization's position.
Network Visualization: We constructed a directed network graph using the NetworkX library, with nodes representing organizations and edges representing their interconnections. This graph was visualized with Matplotlib to illustrate the relationships and distribution patterns among the organizations.

Results
We identified 4,775 external links on the IFEM website and refined them to 156 unique base URLs for in-depth content analysis. Out of 55 countries listed, there were 41 functional links, 10 non-functional, and 4 missing. We effectively isolated 41 relevant multilingual URLs from the functional links, achieving a 100% accuracy rate in identifying pertinent content. Additionally, our analysis uncovered 30 URLs linked to emergency medicine organizations not listed on the IFEM member page, including the American College of Osteopathic Emergency Physicians and the Swiss Society for Emergency and Rescue Medicine.

Discussion
Our study highlights the utility of network analysis in understanding the digital networks of emergency medicine organizations globally, revealing essential connectivity patterns and their implications for healthcare systems. The methodology used is adaptable for other healthcare areas, enhancing collaboration and addressing language barriers. Findings indicate dynamic changes in digital connectivity, pointing to evolving collaboration and resource sharing. This research provides a foundation for exploring digital connectivity's broader impacts across various sectors.

References
Niyirora J, Aragones O. Network analysis of medical care services. Health Informatics J. 2020 Sep;26(3):1631-1658. doi: 10.1177/1460458219887047. Epub 2019 Nov 18. PMID: 31735109.