bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPLORING THE INFLUENCING FACTORS: PROPOSING A FRAMEWORK FOR EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES ACROSS SOUTH ASIA
Authors: Sabah Rahat , Shaiq Mohammad
Published: December 2024

This research aims to assess the performance and success factors of established EPZs in SAARC countries. The study period ranges between 2012 and 2022 based on an annual frequency balanced panel data of Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, and the panel fixed-effect OLS analysis was used for hypothesis testing using EViews. The results showed that the natural logarithm of external debt has a positively significant effect on export performance. Ease of doing business has a positively significant effect on export performance. Law and Order and securityhave a positively significant effect on export performance.The natural logarithm of economic growth has a negatively insignificant effect on export performance. Trade openness has a negatively significant effect on export performance.The simplification of business regulations and the reduction in bureaucratic procedures of all kinds help in encouraging domestic and foreign investments to flow easily to countries that have export-oriented industries. Furthermore, great emphasis should be placed on incorporating elaborate systems of security for the physical setting to carry out activities as well as to protect investors’ confidence.
OPTIMIZING BLUE ECONOMY THROUGH EFFICIENT RESOURCE ALLOCATION: A DEEP DIVE INTO KARACHI SHIPYARD
Authors: Naseer Jawad , Junaid Z.B. , Khatoon Aasia
Published: December 2024

This study seeks to address critical issues in resource utilization and maintenance operations, aiming to chart a new course for greater efficiency within the maritime sector. The study aims to suggest performance improvement strategies that can enhance operational efficiency, attract investments, and promote the growth of the national shipping fleet. This study intends to bridge knowledge gaps in the revitalization of the maritime sector by assessing the present state of the Pakistani shipping industry, identifying key challenges that have hindered its growth, and proposing a strategic fleet renewal plan for Karachi Shipyard. Using qualitative research techniques with an intention to probe best practices for optimizing maintenance and repair operations focusing on efficient allocation of resources and human capital development. The findings stress modernization, technology assimilation, and collaboration with international partners to position Karachi shipyard as a competitive player in the global maritime arena. These recommendations are designed primarily to assist strategic decisions involving Karachi Shipyard management team members, policymakers and other stakeholders seeking a more vibrant and sustainable blue economy for Pakistan.
ANALYZING STRUCTURAL AND MARKET INFLUENCES ON PROFITABILITY IN LISTED COMPANIES OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Mustafa Sadaf , Hashmi Faisal , Taslim Uzma , Baig Mirza Adnan
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the extent and direction of influence that several variables, liquidity, financial leverage, sales growth, company size, average tax rates, and specifically credit rating, have on the profitability of companies that are listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange in 2023. In the research, multiple regression analysis is used to establish the extent to which the above factors affect profitability, especially with reference to credit ratings. The study shows that credit ratings and financial leverage have solid and positive relationships with profitability. However, the effects of other market forces are still challenging to determine, and new industry growth rates are not as consistent as may seem. The regression analysis shows that the above independent variables explain a 36.3% variation in Return on Asset (ROA) and a 32.7% variation in Return on Equity (ROE) with a 5% significant level. Although other related studies have considered the course, this study is different in that credit ratings are examined in relation to profitability. The findings endorse conceptual literature conclusions on credit rating and profitability as evidenced in the previous literature. This research is useful to investors, creditors, and firm management who need to assess possible profitability by employing certain financial ratios, especially credit scores. More empirical studies could expand this thinking to unquoted businesses and SMEs in diverse industries.
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND RECYCLABLE PACKAGING IN PAKISTAN'S CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
Authors: Naeem Danish , Ahmed Rania
Published: December 2024

Packaging plays a crucial role in protecting substances from loss, spoilage, and harmful interactions, yet its disposal contributes to environmental degradation. This study investigates packaging use in chemical industries and its potential for recyclability, focusing on environmental sustainability. The research aims to address the challenge of balancing the protective function of packaging with its environmental impact. Through a comprehensive analysis, it examines various packaging materials, such as plastics, metals, and wood, in terms of their recyclability and environmental effects. The study proposes a methodological framework to assess the environmental impact of packaging, considering factors like product losses, waste generation, and environmental effects. By adopting this framework, the study seeks to provide insights into sustainable packaging practices in the chemical industry. Shifting towards sustainable packaging involves transitioning from a linear to a circular model, emphasizing extraction, production, reuse, and recycling. This transition necessitates a holistic approach that considers the entire lifecycle of packaging materials. The findings reveal significant correlations between packaging materials and environmental sustainability. Plastic packaging emerges as a critical factor, showing a strong positive correlation, while metal and wooden packaging also demonstrate positive impacts, albeit to a lesser extent.
NEXUS BETWEEN DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS OF WOMEN AFTER DISASTER: A CASE STUDY OF DISTRICT BADIN AND SUJAWAL IN PROVINCE OF SINDH, PAKISTAN
Authors: Abro Nosheen Abdul Raheem , Lanjwani Bisharat Ali , Ahmed Nazir
Published: December 2024

Women's status matters, regardless of the differences between their lives in the country and the city. Feminist economists draw attention to the patriarchal system that perpetuates gender inequality. Women need to challenge the existing power structures and fight to change or eliminate patriarchal institutions in society if they want to escape this predicament. Society should bolster institutional frameworks to ensure that men and women have equal rights and opportunities. The situation in Pakistan is appalling to people of civilized minds, particularly in the Sindh province, where relief camps for flood victims have been set up. There are links in this context between the nation's health, women's rights, and climate change. The nation is considered disaster-prone since cyclones, floods, and droughts occur more frequently. This study focuses on a survey examining women's socioeconomic and demographic traits after disasters, carried out in the Badin and Sujawal districts of Sindh province, Pakistan, between 2017 and 2018. The study investigates how genders react to and bounce back from major life-altering events such as epidemics and natural disasters. It acknowledges that women are disproportionately affected by the effects of natural disasters brought on by climate change. There are worries about a long-term drop in living standards in Badin and Sujawal, two districts in Sindh, based on socioeconomic indicators. The study's finding that there were more women than men in both districts emphasizes the need for focused interventions to address the particular difficulties women in these disaster-affected areas face. The findings underline the importance of incorporating gender-specific effects into disaster management and rehabilitation programs.
THE IMPACT OF E-DETERMINANTS ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY: A SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY PARADIGM
Authors: Nizam Kehkashan , Ahsan Noman
Published: December 2024

Online fashion markets in Pakistan are constantly facing challenges and continue practicing applying technological advancement to gain customers’ loyalty. To bridge this research gap, this study aims to examine the impact of e-factors (i.e., social media, search engine optimization, online display, and product innovations) on customers’ e-loyalty in the e-commerce fashion industry of Pakistan. Data was collected through an online questionnaire. A total of 366 sample data and statistical outcomes were analyzed. The initial test was performed by using SPSS. Assessment of measurement and structural model were performed by using PLS-SEM. The result shows that e-factors (i.e., social media, search engine optimization, online display, and product innovations) significantly and positively impact customers’ e-loyalty in e-commerce fashion markets. The study findings benefit local and international online fashion marketers, as they provide full knowledge about the importance of e-factors that shape and enhance customers’ e-loyalty. Fashion marketers can gain insights by developing search engine optimization, designing eye-attractive online displays, recognizing the importance of social media, and promoting product innovation. Study findings further help fashion marketers understand the importance of e-commerce, as the current generation prefers to buy online than physically visit fashion stores.
PENGEMBANGAN PLATFORM E-LEARNING TERDESENTRALISASI BERBASIS BLOCKCHAIN UNTUK PENDIDIKAN JARAK JAUH
Authors: Basri Basri , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini mengembangkan platform e-learning terdesentralisasi berbasis blockchain untuk pendidikan Islam jarak jauh. Menggunakan pendekatan Design-Based Research, platform diimplementasikan dengan Hyperledger Fabric dan smart contracts untuk meningkatkan keamanan, transparansi, dan integritas proses akademik. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam kinerja sistem, dengan throughput 500 transaksi/detik dan latency 1.5 detik. Evaluasi usabilitas menghasilkan skor SUS 85.3, menandakan penerimaan tinggi oleh pengguna. Analisis menggunakan model UTAUT2 yang dimodifikasi mengungkapkan bahwa ekspektasi kinerja dan kesesuaian dengan nilai Islam adalah faktor utama yang mempengaruhi adopsi. Dampak pedagogis terlihat dari peningkatan hasil belajar dibandingkan metode konvensional. Integrasi nilai-nilai Islam dinilai berhasil oleh panel ahli dengan skor 4.7 dari 5. Kesimpulannya, platform ini berhasil memenuhi kebutuhan spesifik pendidikan Islam jarak jauh, meningkatkan keamanan dan transparansi, serta memberikan dampak positif terhadap proses dan hasil pembelajaran.
POTENSI DAN TANTANGAN PEMBELAJARAN DI ERA INDUSTRI 4.0 DALAM DUNIA PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Iqbal Iqbal , Suryana Nina , Fahrizal Fahrizal
Published: December 2024

Potensi dan Tantangan Pembelajaran di Era Industri 4.0 dalam Dunia Pendidikan. Era Industri 4.0 menghadirkan berbagai teknologi canggih seperti kecerdasan buatan (AI), dan Internet of Things (IoT) yang mengubah metode pembelajaran dan pengajaran di dunia keguruan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah a) untuk mengetahui Potensi Pembelajaran di Era Industri 4.0 dalam Dunia Pendidikan, b) untuk mengetahui Tantangan Pembelajaran di Era Industri 4.0 dalam Dunia Pendidikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Teknik Pengumpulan Data Wawancara dan Studi literatur. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis tematik, yaitu: pengumpulan data, membaca dan memahami data, interpretasi dan analisis data, verifikasi dan simpulan data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar guru merasakan manfaat dari penggunaan teknologi kecerdasan buatan (AI) dan platform pembelajaran digital yang memungkinkan penyesuaian materi pelajaran dengan kebutuhan individu siswa. Guru melaporkan bahwa mereka dapat memberikan umpan balik secara real-time berdasarkan data yang dikumpulkan melalui perangkat Internet of Things (IoT) atau aplikasi pembelajaran. Hal ini membantu siswa belajar dengan kecepatan dan gaya belajar mereka sendiri, meningkatkan keterlibatan dan retensi informasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keterbatasan infrastruktur teknologi menjadi hambatan utama dalam penerapan teknologi pembelajaran. Guru di daerah pedesaan atau sekolah dengan sumber daya terbatas mengungkapkan bahwa mereka mengalami kesulitan dalam mengakses perangkat digital dan konektivitas internet yang memadai. Keterbatasan ini menghalangi upaya untuk mengimplementasikan teknologi seperti AI, IoT secara efektif.
Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space Method for Solving Nonlinear Integro-Differential Equations
Authors: Kamel Wafaa , Al-hamedi Hameeda
Published: December 2024

In this work, the reproducing kernel Hilbert space method (RKHSM) was used to find a numerical solutions to nonlinear integro-differential equations (NIDEs) on the form of finite series. The results showed that the approximate solution are converges to the exact solution of the NIDEs, which confirms the effectiveness of RKHSM as a reliable and practical tool for solving this type of e. This method is of great importance in the field of numerical solutions of NIDEs, which has wide applications in many engineering and scientific fields
Effects of Nanopolystyrene on the Chlorophyll pigment content of Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Qahtan Muntaha Talal , Al-Zurfi Sadiq Kadhum Lafta
Published: December 2024

This study used a long-term toxicity test to investigate how the microalga Chlorella vulgaris responded to nanopolysteren exposure under different light spectrums. Our experiment involved subjecting algae to polystyrene doses of 0, 0.5, 5, and 10 mg/L. We design an incubator consisting of three sections, each offering a distinct red, blue, and white light spectrum, for the purpose of cultivating algal colonies. Chlorophyll-a and b were estimated at consistent time intervals (1, 4, and 10 days) during the 29-day incubation period, using three replicate samples for each treatment. Experimental results have demonstrated a reduction in both algal cell viability and chlorophyll concentration when exposed to (5 and 10 mg/l) of nanopolysterene. The findings of our study indicate that the growth and chlorophyll content of C. vulgaris are significantly affected by the red-light spectrum and with the increase of nanopolyesterne concentrations.
Machine Learning Approach For Cloud Detection With Satellite Data
Authors: Koçer Sabri
Published: December 2024

Bu makalede multispektral uzaktan algılama verileri kullanılarak bulut sınıflandırma ve bulut maskesi oluşturma yöntemleri değerlendirilmektedir. Özellikle Çok Katmanlı Algılayıcılar (MLP) ve Konvolüsyonel Sinir Ağları tabanlı bir model olan CS-CNN üzerinde durulmuştur. MLP, piksel düzeyinde sınıflandırmalar için ileri beslemeli yapısıyla etkili bir yöntem olarak öne çıkarken; CS-CNN, mekânsal bağlamı entegre ederek özellik çıkarma ihtiyacını ortadan kaldıran bir segmentasyon yeteneği sunmaktadır. Çalışmada, bulut tespiti için farklı spektral bantların katkıları da incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, CS-CNN'nin geleneksel eşik tabanlı yöntemlere kıyasla daha yüksek doğruluk ve esneklik sağladığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, makine öğrenimi tabanlı yaklaşımların, EUMETSAT bulut maskesi gibi geleneksel algoritmalarla karşılaştırıldığında üstün performans sergilediği vurgulanmıştır.
Integrative biomarker approach to decode seasonal variation in biomarker responses of Scylla serrata and Penaeus monodon from Sundarbans estuarine system
Authors:   Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata – 700073, India, Baag Sritama , Mandal Sumit
Published: December 2024

Sundarbans Estuarine System is a highly productive estuary and is considered the most important spawning and nursery ground for various commercial fish and shellfish species. Estuarine organisms are frequently exposed to a wide variety of pollutants due to their vicinity to human habitation. Marine organisms residing in this area are also exposed to extensive
fluctuations of environmental factors which vary with season. In the present study, effects of seasonal variation on oxidative stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, and lipid peroxidation in the hepatopancreas of mud crab Scylla serrata and shrimp Penaeus monodon, were studied during monsoon, winter,
spring and summer seasons. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) was assessed with the biomarker scores for all four seasons in both species. Our results suggested seasonal discrepancies as the governing factor behind biomarkers’ variability. The breeding period of the animals also seems to play a significant role in their oxidative stress physiology.The IBR results indicated that moderately high temperatures and low salinity in the monsoon season are the most stressful for crabs. This stress might also be ascribed to the breeding period of these crabs which exacerbates the stress level during this season. However, in the case of shrimps, the highest IBR value was observed in the winter season due to impaired ROS elimination at low temperatures. This study also offers baseline values in various seasons that would be beneficial to be considered in environmental monitoring programs to avoid the misinterpretation of environmental factors, which change seasonally.
The relationship between smartphone addiction and psychological distress, quality of life and sleep quality among university students
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed Abdelmoniem
Published: December 2024

Background. Medical students who sleep less due to smartphone use can experience serious health effects, which negatively affect their studies. This study was designed to explore the correlation between phone addiction and psychological distress, quality of life, and quality of sleep among applied medical sciences students. Methodology. This study was applied to 121 medical students of the University of Hail using a Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), Short Form-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) from February to May 2024. Results. The mean age of the students was 22.9 ± 4.7. Male students were 88, representing 72.7% of the entire sample, while the female students were 33, representing 27.3%. The correlation analysis proved a positive relation between SAS-SV and K10, poor quality of life, and poor sleep quality; additionally, the regression model demonstrated a high degree of prediction, it displayed a higher level (R = 0.672) for SAS-SV, and R2 was 0.593. Conclusion. Smartphone addiction raises the risk of health problems, psychological problems, and sleep-related problems for students in medical colleges.
Comparing the effectiveness of laser therapy with pelvic floor strengthening exercises and interferential therapy in reducing postpartum low back pain
Authors: Augustina Jenifer S. , Kamalakannan M , Dhanusia S , Ravichandran Bharathi
Published: December 2024

Background. Postpartum low back pain is a common discomfort reported by women, which has a multifactorial etiology. Physical therapy during and after pregnancy helps to resolve various pregnancy-related and postpartum discomforts, impacting the daily activities of the mother. Objective. The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of laser therapy with pelvic floor strengthening exercises and interferential therapy in reducing postpartum low back pain. Methodology. This study involved 30 individuals selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and they were randomly allotted to two groups receiving the two physiotherapy interventions. Application of hot packs was advised to both groups. NPRS and Oswestry Disability Index were used to analyse the effect of the interventions by comparing the severity of the symptoms associated with postpartum low back pain before and after receiving the allotted treatment for 4 weeks. Results. Significant differences in NPRS and ODI were noted in both groups, indicating the efficiency of both laser therapy with exercises and IFT. However, laser therapy with exercises was more effective in reducing the pain and preventing further pain in comparison to IFT. Conclusion. The conclusion of this study states that both laser with exercises and IFT reduced the severity of pain, among which laser therapy with pelvic floor strengthening was comparatively more effective than IFT.
Developing life skills through athletics in the framework of positive youth development
Authors: Marheni Eddy , Purnomo Eko , Suardika I Kadek , Oktadinata Alek , Gumilar Agus , Jermaina Nina
Published: December 2024

Introduction : Sport is an extraordinary tool for instilling various life values. One of these values is the development of positive youth through sport. This study aims to explore how sport can be key to successfully integrating life skills programs within the framework of positive youth development. The Study Aims: The study aims to emphasize that program integration should be implemented to achieve maximum results, compared to non-integrated approaches. Material and Method: This study uses an experimental approach with a purposive sample of 98 respondents in the integration group and 150 in the non-integration life skills group. This study uses the Positive Youth Development Sustainability Scale (PYDSS), which includes 26 questions. Furthermore, the results of the study will be tested with paired samples correlations. Results The study found that the group with intentionally integrated life skills showed an increase in PYD scores with a significance value of 0.777, while the non-integration group had a significance value of 0.455. This indicates that integration can significantly improve PYD outcomes. This study strongly recommends that schools and teachers intentionally integrate life skills through physical education. Conclusions: Intentional integration of life skills allows students to benefit from PYD values.
Exploring the long-term impact of PNF interventions on plantar fascitis with restricted dorsiflexion using visual analogue scale and foot and ankle ability measure
Authors: Arumugam Koteeswari , Kamalakannan M , Hariharan J , Seemathan Priyanga , Praveenkumar R
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Plantar fasciitis is the inflammation of the plantar fascia, affecting both active and sedentary individuals. Limited dorsiflexion increases tension, worsening symptoms. Diagnosis involves the Windlass test, and PNF shows promise in treatment, though long-term effects need further study. Aim of the study. This prospective longitudinal study aimed to investigate the long-term effectiveness and maintenance strategies following proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) technique interventions in individuals with plantar fasciitis and limited dorsiflexion which is one of the conditions affecting the community. The primary objectives included quantitatively comparing pain levels, functional mobility, and patient adherence to prescribed strategies over an extended follow-up period. Materials and Methods. A cohort of 120 participants with plantar fasciitis and limited dorsiflexion, previously treated with PNF interventions, were enrolled in the study. Follow-up assessments were conducted at three-month intervals over a one-year period. Pain levels were measured using a visual analog scale (VAS), functional mobility was assessed using the foot and ankle ability measure (FAAM), and patient-reported outcomes were recorded. Qualitative insights into maintenance strategies were obtained through in-depth interviews, covering aspects such as home exercise programs, lifestyle modifications, and adherence to recommendations. Results. Statistical analysis revealed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in pain levels and improved functional mobility over the study period. Recurrence rates were found lower than baseline, with only 15% of recurrence. Logistic regression analysis identified factors contributing to sustained outcomes, including consistent adherence to prescribed home exercises (p = 0.021) and proactive lifestyle modifications (p = 0.035). Conclusion. The study concluded that PNF techniques effectively reduce pain, improve mobility, and sustain outcomes in plantar fasciitis with limited dorsiflexion, highlighting the importance of adherence to exercises and lifestyle modifications.
A comparison of muscle energy technique and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise on hamstring muscle flexibility and pain reduction in individuals with hamstring tightness
Authors: Fachriyan Muhammad Zulkifli , Argarini Raden , Tinduh Damayanti , Rahim Anita Faradilla
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Working in a seated position for an extended period can lead to hamstring stiffness. Objective. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique (MET) and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) exercises in sedentary individuals experiencing hamstring tightness. Material and Methods. Thirty-eight sedentary individuals with hamstring tightness (males, aged 35 – 55 years) were randomly assigned to group 1 (MET, n = 19), which performed MET exercises, or group 2 (PNF, n = 19), which performed PNF exercises. Both exercise interventions were conducted 5 times per week for two weeks. Hamstring length was measured using the active knee extension (AKE) test, and pain during the AKE test was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Results. The statistical analysis of AKE revealed a significant effect of time (p < 0.001) and group (p = 0.022). However, there was no significant interaction between time and group (p = 0.144). Further post-hoc analysis demonstrated a notable improvement in AKE from baseline in both groups. Additionally, the analysis of VAS showed a significant interaction between time and group (p = 0.016), as well as a significant effect of time (p < 0.001), but not for the effect of group (p = 0.778). Post-hoc analysis revealed a significant improvement in VAS from baseline in both groups, with greater improvement observed in the PNF group (p = 0.016). Conclusion. Both MET and PNF exercise interventions appeared to be equally effective in increasing hamstring extensibility; however, PNF exercises reduced pain more significantly during maximal hamstring extension.
IMPLEMENTASI KINERJA KARYAWAN DALAM PEMBIAYAAN GADAI EMAS TERHADAP NASABAH DI PEGADAIAN SYARIAH UPS KALI BUTUH
Authors: Mawardi Imam , Nurissyarifah  , Surahmah  , Su’eb Muchammad
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini untuk menganalisis implementasi kinerja karyawan dalam pembiayaan gadai emas terhadap nasabah di Pegadaian Syariah UPS Kali Butuh, keberadaan pegadaian menjadi solusi bagi masyarakat yang membutuhkan dana tunai secara cepat dengan menggunakan barang berharga, seperti emas, sebagai jaminan/agunan, Lembaga pegadaian juga menawarkan berbagai produk dan layanan keuangan lainnya, seperti pembiayaan, investasi, dan jasa titip. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumendasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja karyawan Pegadaian Syariah UPS Kali Butuh dalam pembiayaan gadai emas sudah cukup baik, karyawan memiliki kompetensi yang memadai, memberikan pelayanan yang ramah dan cepat, serta menjalankan prosedur gadai emas sesuai dengan ketentuan syariah. Namun, masih terdapat beberapa kendala seperti kurangnya sosialisasi produk gadai emas syariah kepada masyarakat dan terbatasnya jumlah karyawan. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah perlunya peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia, optimalisasi pemanfaatan teknologi, dan penguatan strategi pemasaran untuk meningkatkan kinerja karyawan dan kepuasan nasabah.
Robotic Transformations in the Character of Warfare: Strategic Implications and Ethical Dilemma
Authors: Muhammad Shah Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Robotic modernisation lies at the forefront of military innovations that are transforming the character of warfare in contemporary times. In particular, the growing autonomy and AI augmentation in military robots could substantially alter the traditional conduct of warfare. This paper primarily evaluates the development, testing and deployment of Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) and Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) being undertaken by the US and Chinese militaries. The rising autonomous capability of these robots could transform the character of warfare and, in turn, significantly augment military capabilities through greater force multiplication, enhanced precision and reduced risk to human soldiers. Nevertheless, these transformations could lead to the robotic arms race that might significantly amplify security dilemma among great powers and, in turn, raise the likelihood of a full-fledged conflict. Additionally, the robotic transformations and growing autonomy in warfare cause ethical concerns in terms of dehumanisation of warfare, erosion of accountability and unpredictability associated with AI’s black box problem. Lastly, the paper offers a set of pragmatic measures that could minimise the downsides of military robots while advocating human-in-the-loop model.
Peningkatan Keamanan Komputer melalui Implementasi Teknik Kriptografi Modern: Studi Kasus pada Sistem E-Commerce Tokopedia
Authors: Nicolas Prasetya Alfino , Munaldi Munaldi
Published: December 2024

Keamanan komputer merupakan aspek krusial dalam era digital, terutama dalam sistem e-commerce yang memerlukan perlindungan data pengguna. Penelitian ini membahas implementasi teknik kriptografi modern untuk meningkatkan keamanan data pada sistem e-commerce. Studi ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus pada platform e-commerce XYZ. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi algoritma AES-256 dan RSA memberikan tingkat keamanan tinggi serta efisiensi yang memadai. Kesimpulan menggarisbawahi pentingnya penggunaan teknik kriptografi dalam melindungi informasi sensitif dari ancaman keamanan siber
The Effectiveness of Machine Learning Algorithms in Extractive Text Summarization: A Comparative Analysis of K-Means, Random Forest, GBM, Logistic Regression, and SVM
Authors: Uçkan Taner , Karabulut Kübra
Published: December 2024

Günümüz bilgi çağında, veri setlerinden anlamlı bilgiler çıkarmak, her zamankinden daha önemli hale gelmiştir. Çoğu alanda bilg-iler, aşamaları detaylarıyla veri tabanı sistemlerinde tutulmaktadır; bu nedenle artık daha büyük veri setleriyle karşı karşıya kalmaktayız. Büyük veri çağında, makine öğrenmesi yöntemleri kullanarak çıkarımsal metin özetleme önemli bir çalışma alanı haline gelmiştir. Çıkarımsal özetleme, orijinal metinden önemli bilgileri çıkartarak kısa ve öz bir sürüm oluşturmayı amaçlar. Bu, genellikle metnin boyutunu küçültme ve temel bilgileri korumayı amaçlar. Bu çalışma, metin özetleme süreçlerinin, insan müdahalesi olmadan, orijinal metnin anlamını koruyarak kısa ve akıcı bir özet üretme görevini, makine öğrenimi modelleriyle sağlamayı amaçlar. Makine öğrenimi tabanlı modeller ve çıkarımsal metin özetleme, bilgisayarların insan bilgisi ve dil yeteneğinden yoksun olması nedeniyle zor olan bu işi çözmek için çeşitli yaklaşımlar sunar. Bu çalışmada, çıkarımsal metin özetlemenin belgeden doğrudan cümleleri alarak tutarlı bir özet oluşturulup, makine öğrenimi yöntemlerinin uygulanabilirliği ve etkinliği test edilmiştir. Makine öğrenimi yöntemleri olarak; K-Ortalamalar, Rastgele Orman, Gradyan Arttırma Makineleri (GBM) / XGBoost, Lojistik Regresyon ve Destek Vektör Makineleri (SVM) gibi algoritmalar denenmiş, performansları çeşitli metin veri setleri üzerinde karşılaştırmalı olarak test edilmiştir.
Avaliação de Ferramentas de Ética no Levantamento de Considerações Éticas de Modelos de Linguagem em Português
Authors: Silva Jhessica , Ferreira Alef , Moreira Diego , Santos Gabriel , Bonil Gustavo , Gondim João , Pereira Luiz , Maia Helena , Silva Nadia , Hashiguti Simone , Avila Sandra , Pedrini Helio
Published: December 2024

Este artigo apresenta um estudo sobre a utilização de Ferramentas de Ética para IA (AIETs) no levantamento de considerações éticas de modelos de linguagem em português. As AIETs visam ajudar desenvolvedores, empresas, governos e outras partes interessadas a estabelecer confiança, transparência e responsabilidade com suas tecnologias. Busca-se com este artigo discutir brevemente se as AIETs podem auxiliar desenvolvedores a pensarem eticamente seus modelos. Tal estudo foi realizado a partir de entrevistas com desenvolvedores de quatro modelos de linguagem utilizando as AIETs Harms Modeling e Model Cards. Os resultados sugerem que as AIETs servem como guia na elaboração de considerações éticas, mas requerem conhecimentos prévios de ética em IA.
Educação Climática 4.0: Como Potencializar o Papel dos Professores com PLN e KG?
Authors: Schünke Marco Aurélio , Barone Dante Augusto Couto , Silva Rodrigo de Cássio da
Published: December 2024

A proposta de Educação Climática 4.0 explora o uso de técnicas de Inteligência Artificial, como Processamento de Linguagem Natural (PLN) e Grafos de Conhecimento (KG), para aprimorar o ensino sobre mitigação dos impactos das mudanças climáticas. A pesquisa segue três fases: Revisão Sistemática, Análise Comparativa e Aplicação Pedagógica. O estudo identifica a educação como elemento chave, destacando o PLN como ferramenta de personalização do aprendizado, possibilitando currículos dinâmicos e ágeis. Os KG são ressaltados por seu papel na criação de materiais didáticos interativos e na visualização de cenários complexos. O alinhamento dessas tecnologias com a educação evidencia o potencial transformador da IA como tendência para preparar a sociedade para crises climáticas, fortalecendo o papel dos professores nesse processo.
Assistentes Virtuais com Capacidades Afetivas: Reflexões dos Impactos nas Relações Humanas e na Experimentação da Solidão
Authors: Teixeira Rilbert
Published: December 2024

Os avanços da Inteligência Artificial têm permitido a criação de assistentes virtuais cada vez mais sofisticados, possibilitando a interação destes agentes com humanos em níveis emocionais e afetivos. Enquanto essas tecnologias prometem reduzir os níveis de solidão, suscitam diversos questionamentos éticos e filosóficos relacionados à natureza das relações humanas e a autenticidade deste novo formato de conexão. Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir como os assistentes virtuais dotados de capacidades afetivas influenciam as relações humanas, potenciais efeitos no aumento da solidão, e as implicações éticas destas interações.
A Mulher Latina na IA Generativa: desafios de representação e vieses sociais
Authors: Sanches Danielle , Zampronio Renata , Medeiros Maria Carolina
Published: December 2024

O texto discute como a IA generativa reproduz vieses sociais, especialmente na representação de mulheres latinas. A pesquisa, usando os modelos Stable Diffusion e Dall-E, mostra que as imagens geradas reforçam estereótipos de sensualidade e padrões de beleza, com falta de diversidade geográfica. Conclui-se que é crucial avançar na criação de IA mais inclusivas e éticas para evitar a perpetuação desses vieses.
Responsible Use of LLM Models for Labor Market Foresight: The Experience of a Vocational Education and Training Institution
Authors: Braga Cicero , Lima Yuri , Pereira Inês
Published: December 2024

This article examines the experience of a Vocational Education and Training institution in utilizing Artificial Intelligence to analyze labor market dynamics and guide the provision of VET programs. It presents the structuring of methodologies capable of delivering efficient and robust results, derived from large datasets, in an ethical and responsible manner.
Desafios e Aplicabilidades da IA Generativa na Educação: Caminhos para a Ética e a Transparência
Authors: Lima Maria Abreu da Silva Oliveira , Santos Rodrigo Gonçalves dos , Leporace Camila de Paoli
Published: December 2024

Em meio aos muitos questionamentos a respeito do modelo de IA generativa ChatGPT, fica cada vez mais evidente que as instituições educacionais estão interessadas em entendê-lo e utilizá-lo no contexto escolar ou acadêmico. Ao longo do artigo, apresentamos diferentes definições para essa ferramenta, além de mostrar a necessidade de os usuários não se limitarem às respostas obtidas, muito menos aceitá-las como únicas verdades. O ChatGPT, como uma ferramenta desenvolvida e potencializada por humanos, requer que órgãos competentes discutam sua segurança, criando as regulamentações necessárias para o seu uso com coerência e responsabilidade ética.
GenAI na Cibersegurança: Desafios, Oportunidades e a Necessidade de Regulamentação no Contexto do AI Act
Authors: Silva Stefane Katarine Rodrigues da , Silva Hugo Henrique Parreao
Published: December 2024

O artigo discute o impacto da Inteligencia Artificial Generativa (GenAI) na cibersegurança, destacando seu potencial para melhorar a detecção de ameaças e fortalecer defesas. Contudo, ressalta os riscos associados, como violações de dados e vulnerabilidades. O texto aborda incidentes recentes envolvendo ferramentas de GenAI, que expuseram problemas de privacidade e segurança. Enfatiza a necessidade de uma estrutura regulatória adequada, como o AI Act, para garantir o uso ético e seguro da GenAI. Por fim, propõe uma metodologia para analisar comparativamente o uso da GenAI na cibersegurança em relação ao AI Act.
Glycemic Profiles and Hypoglycemia Awareness Among Pregnant Women with Gestational and Pre-existing Diabetes Referred to a Tertiary Center in Sulaimaniyah-Iraq in 2024
Authors: Salih Jamal Mahmood
Published: December 2024

Background: Hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) comprises gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pre-existing diabetes; type 1 diabetes (T1DM), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and undetermined diabetes. Hyperglycemia in pregnancy leads to fetal and maternal complications. Objectives: To observe and compare glycemic profiles (GP) and hypoglycemia awareness (HA) in women with GDM and pre-existing diabetes. Methods: This prospective observational comparative study enrolled women with HIP registered at Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital from January to April 2024. Self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) was used to document GP through mean blood glucose (MBG) analysis and the proportions of hyperglycemic, euglycemic, and hypoglycemic records. The Gold score was used to assess HA. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27.0, employing chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, ANOVA, and independent t-tests. A P-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: One hundred patients were included in the final analysis. Half of the women were over 35 years old, 53% had GDM, and 47% had pre-existing diabetes. The MBG levels at fasting, 1-hour post-breakfast, and post-dinner were significantly highest in T1DM and lowest in GDM, while the levels were similar after lunch. Compared with pre-existing diabetes, women with GDM had a significantly greater proportion of euglycemic records and a lesser proportion of hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic records. Daily insulin requirements were significantly higher in women with pre-existing diabetes than in those with GDM (0.52 ± 0.35 vs 0.24 ± 0.12 units/kg, respectively, P < 0.001). Hypoglycemia episodes (HE) were 5.7 vs 1.83 events/patient/month in pre-existing diabetes vs GDM, respectively (P = 0.002). Using the Gold score to determine HA, 40% of T1DM patients had reduced HA, 40% had borderline HA, while 20% of T1DM and patients with other types of diabetes had normal HA (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Women with GDM had a significantly more stable GP, fewer HE, and lower insulin requirements than those with pre-existing diabetes. Type 1 diabetes patients had the most unstable GP, with significantly higher proportions of hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic records and reduced HA.
COVID-19 Associated Mesenteric Ischemia in a Patient from Duhok City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq: A Case Report
Authors: Musa Dildar H , Hussein Nawfal R , Ibrahim Nashwan , M.Saleem Zana , Naqid Ibrahim
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes severe respiratory infection. Gastrointestinal symptoms have been reported in up to 10% of patients. Case Presentation: We here report a case of COVID-19-associated acute mesenteric ischemia in a patient presenting with fever and abdominal pain, deteriorating over a four-day period. The diagnosis was initially missed due to a low suspicion level. COVID-19 infection was confirmed by chest CT scan and RT-PCR. Then the patient underwent an emergency laparotomy showing segmental small bowel ischemia of about 2 meters (between the lower jejunum and upper ileum). Resection of the ischemic segment was performed by end-to-end anastomosis. He was then discharged from the hospital after recovering from COVID-19. Conclusions: The present case report highlights the importance of being vigilant about mesenteric ischemia symptoms in the patients with COVID-19, presenting with progressive abdominal pain for timely ordering appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
A Girl with Myelopathy and Vision Loss, Misdiagnosis as Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: The First Iranian Case Report on Biotinidase Deficiency
Authors: nasehi mohammad mehdi , Karimzadeh Parvaneh , Tabrizi Aidin , Babaei Meisam
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Biotinidase (BTD) deficiency may lead to variable neurologic manifestations. Spinal cord involvement can be an unusual presentation of the late-onset disorder. Case Presentation: We describe a six-year-and-ten-month-old girl with a previous history of recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, frequent falling four years before admission, gradual vision loss, and subacute progressive limb weakness followed by flaccid quadriplegia during admission. The measurements of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate showed significant elevation. And spinal MRI revealed longitudinally extensive cord involvement, mimicking acquired demyelinating syndrome; however, there was no response to plasma exchange. Profound biotinidase deficiency was confirmed by enzyme assay; the patient revealed dramatic recovery after the biotin prescription. The genetic analysis showed a homozygous missense variant BTD (NM_001370658.1): c.838A>C (p.Asn280His) in exon 4, thereby predicting pathogenic based on the ACMG guidelines. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first Iranian report on BTD deficiency. Conclusions: In summary, in each patient with longitudinally extensive cord involvement not well responding to the conventional treatment, BTD deficiency should be considered on differential.
Future Career Anxiety and Its Relationship with Marital Distress Among the Al-Hussein Bin Talal University Students
Authors: Ali Abu Darwish Mona , Mahmoud Banat Suhaila , Younis Sarhan Wafa' , Aeid Aleid Wafa'
Published: December 2024

Background: Youth is a very important stage of human life that an individual establishes for the personal and professional future. This stage contains many developmental tasks that must be optimized to avoid falling into serious problems or disrupting one’s life. Objectives: This descriptive correlational study was done to identify future career anxiety and its relationship with marital distress among university students. Methods: A sample of 487 male and female students at Al-Hussein Bin Talal University in Jordan answered the two used instruments to measure marital distress and future career anxiety. Results: The results indicated a high level of Future career anxiety and a moderate level of marital distress. Also, there was a positive relationship between both of these factors. There were no significant differences in marital distress between students regarding gender, faculty, year of study, birth order, and income level. However, there were significant differences in future career anxiety due to the year of study in favor of the fourth year, also in the income in favor of the low income. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in Future Career Anxiety due to gender, faculty, and birth order. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated a relationship between future career anxiety and Marital distress.
Association of Serum Vitamin D and Total Antioxidant Capacity Levels With Stress and Anxiety in Young Female Students
Authors: Amani Reza , Afsharmanesh Mohammad Reza , Neamatpour Sorour , Cheraghian Bahman , Hashemi Samira
Published: December 2024

Background: Some studies have investigated the relationship between vitamin D and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) with psychiatric disorders. However, it seems that results were contradictory and also studies on stress and anxiety, as two common symptoms of psychiatric disorders, were limited. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between stress and anxiety with serum vitamin D and TAC. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 45 non-depressed female students with some degrees of stress and anxiety and 45 controls with no measurable depression, stress or anxiety as the control group at Jundishapur University dorms from April to June 2014. Self-administered questionnaires including food frequency and depression, anxiety and stress scales (DASS-21) were used to assess the dietary patterns and psychological assessment, respectively. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were also measured. Results: Serum concentrations of vitamin D were significantly higher in the control group (P = 0.002) and increasing each unit of vitamin could reduce the risk of stress and anxiety for 3.33%. TAC levels showed no significant differences between the groups. Consumption of hydrogenated fats increased the risk of stress and anxiety (odds ratio (OR) = 1.53, P = 0.019). Conclusions: Low vitamin D levels may be associated with higher stress and anxiety. Consumption of hydrogenated fats is associated with higher scores of stress/anxiety. No relationship was observed between total antioxidant concentrations with mood disorders in young female students.
Priorizar la Seguridad y Defensa Nacional: Importante acción para gobernar el Perú
Authors:   Centro de Altos Estudios Nacionales- CAEN- EPG, Perú, Sánchez Vivanco Carlos
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this work is to present the relevant aspects of National Security and other responsibilities established by law, which must be prioritized by the governments in power, considering the risks and threats against the Peruvian State that hinder the fulfillment of the constitutional mandates protected in articles 163 °, 170 ° and 171 °of the Political Constitution of Peru, as well as Law No. 29664 "Law that creates the National Risk and Disaster Management System (Sinagerd). The main aspects are: constitutional and legal mandates linked to defense, security, national socioeconomic development and Civil Defense; threats against the Peruvian State; theoretical bases on the management of the Armed Forces; budgetary aspects, which involve the remuneration and pensions of military personnel, as well as the elimination of sources of income for the Armed Forces through the basic defense core (NBD) and directly collected resources (RDR), recently affected by Supreme Decree No. 043-2022 EF.