bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential Health Risks for Consumers and Handlers of Poultry Products Fed with Poor Quality Feeds
Authors: Bougma Sanogo , Fadam Harouna , Diéni Ibonyé , Waongo Blaise , Tapsoba François , Savadogo Aly
Published: April 2024

In Burkina Faso, livestock farming contributes to the supply of animal protein and the improvement of household incomes. However, the poor quality of poultry feed not only leads to economic losses but also risks of microbial transmission to consumers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess potential health risks to consumers and handlers of poultry products according to the physicochemical and microbiological quality of poultry feed. Physicochemical and microbiological parameters analysis was performed using standard methods. Mean calculations, ANOVA and Tukey tests were performed using Excel 2016 XLSTAT 2016 software. The average water content was 5.42% for broiler feed and 5.03% for layer feed. The average dry matter was 94.58% for broiler feed and 94.77% for layer feed. The average pH was 7.44 for the broiler feed and 7.3 for the layer feed. The average acidity was 0.5% for broiler feed and 0.39% for layer feed. Microbiological analyses showed for broiler and layer feeds, mean loads respectively of 7.64x105 CFU/g and 2.82x105 CFU/g for Total Aerobic Mesophilic Flora, 7.76x104 CFU/g and 1.58x104 CFU/g for Sporulating Flora, 1.44x105 CFU/g and 1.22x105 CFU/g for yeast and Molds, 7.89x104 CFU/g and 9.47x104 CFU/g for Total Coliform, 2.27x104 CFU/g and 8.38x103 CFU/g for Thermotolerant Coliforms, and the presence of Salmonella. Compliance evaluation showed the following results: 100% of feeds analyzed were satisfactory in terms of Total Aerobic Flora, Total Coliforms, Yeasts and Molds. However, 100% of foods assessed were contaminated with Thermotolerant Coliforms and 40% with Salmonella. These high levels pose obvious risks to both poultry and consumers of poultry products. Therefore, compliance with good hygiene practices remains an absolute necessity for the protection of poultry and consumers of poultry products.
A Case of Placental Implantation with Exaggerated Placental Site
Authors: Chen Zongbin , Shuai Hanlin
Published: April 2024

Objective: This study aims to investigate the clinical symptoms, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and prognosis of exaggerated placental site (EPS), in order to reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of EPS, avoid the occurrence of serious complications such as massive hemorrhage, and provide some references for clinical doctors. Methods: Retrospective analysis of the medical history and treatment of a patient with placental implantation with exaggerated placental site. A 23-year-old female presented with persistent vaginal bleeding after medical abortion. She was diagnosed with retained products of conception and underwent hysteroscopic surgery. The preliminary postoperative pathological results indicate the possibility of EPS and placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT). Further immunohistochemical testing was performed, and the results suggested EPS. Results: The patient recovered well after surgery and did not require further treatment. Her serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels and transvaginal ultrasound findings were normal. Conclusion: EPS is a benign disease, and symptoms will disappear after lesion clearance, requiring no special treatment or follow-up, with a good prognosis. Due to the low incidence rate, atypical clinical symptoms, and insufficient recognition by clinical doctors, EPS are prone to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis, leading to serious consequences such as massive hemorrhage and hysterectomy. EPS should be considered as a possible diagnosis in any woman who has irregular bleeding following medical abortion.
Damakase (Ocimum lamiifolum Hochest ex Benth): A Medicinal Plant Used in Ethiopian Traditional Medicine: A Critical Review
Authors: Megersa Habtamu
Published: April 2024

Damakase (Ocimum lamiifolum Hochest ex Benth) is a traditional medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family and a popular home remedy in Ethiopia. It is a well-known and widely used ancient therapeutic herb in various regions of the nation. The utilization of plant leaves for medicinal purposes is primarily due to their rich content of bioactive compounds with therapeutic properties. Consequently, this plant is employed in the management of a condition referred to as 'Mich' in Ethiopia. Additionally, it is frequently used to address diverse health conditions, including gastrointestinal disorders, inflammatory conditions, pyrexia, and respiratory ailments. Moreover, the essential oil derived from Ocimum lamiifolium consists of specific chemical constituents, such as alkaloids, sterols, carbohydrates, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, bornyl acetate, p-cymene, camphene, α-pinene, and sabinene. Bioactive constituents, such as phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenoids, exhibit antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, the potential applications of damakase essential oils as natural preservatives in the food and cosmetic sectors have been recognized. The essential oil is deemed safe and non-hazardous, displaying no mutagenic or cytotoxic effects. Despite the extensive historical use of this traditional medicinal plant in Ethiopia, the limited scientific investigations on its genetic improvement, cultivation practices, and integration into modern healthcare pose a notable challenge. This review aims to furnish a comprehensive discourse on the historical and contemporary applications of traditional damakase in Ethiopian traditional medicine.
The Economic Policy of Gábor Bethlen and Its Legal Implications
Authors: Szentpáli-Gavallér Pál
Published: April 2024

The background for this research and the writing of this article is that the 400th anniversary of the death of Gábor Bethlen is approaching, and the Corpus Juris Hungarici and some representatives of the Hungarian scholarly elite (see e.g. Trócsányi) play a significant role in the literature researched. The role of Gábor Bethlen Hungarian and Transylvanian history can be, and probably should not be, disputed, because his domestic, foreign and economic policies served to maintain the "Hungarian" state of the Principality of Transylvania. Its practical implementation can always be subject to so-called "criticism". In this respect, it is worth examining both the theoretical and the practical aspects, as well as the legal and economic-historical aspects, as far as possible, including tax and economic policy and, where appropriate, the various (even sociological) aspects of these, since their outline may be of assistance to the legislators of today. As a result of the research, it can be concluded that the Transylvanian state tax system is particularly striking in this respect; the levying of taxes without regard to the mate-rial strength of the subjects is in stark contrast to the idea that Transylvania in this period can be equated with absolu-tism in the Western sense, nor does it elevate the Principality of Transylvania to the rank of Western absolutism, although it was an indication of the prince's unlimited power that he could "abolish" the Diet. The reason for this was that he did not change the structure of the estates and central govern-ment that had existed since 1541.
Assessing the Influence of Behavioural Factors of Community Health Promoters on Use of Community Based Health Information Systems in Selected Counties, Kenya
Authors: Mambo Susan , Odhiambo-Otieno George , Ochieng’-Otieno George , Mwaura-Tenambergen Wanja
Published: April 2024

Globally, health management information systems (HMIS) in strengthening health systems have gained recognition due to potential of technology to improve access to quality care in underserved communities. In Kenya, the functionality of Community based- Health Management Information System (CBHMIS) currently stands at 55% down from 64% in year 2015. The aim of this paper was to determine the influence of behavioral factors of community units personnel on CBHMIS. As a nested study, with a broader aimt to establish the operational status of CBHMIS and its use in selected counties in Kenya; The main objective of this research was: To establish whether behavioural factors of Community Health Promoters (CHPs) influence CBHMIS use in Kenya. A mixed method design. was adopted, Kiambu, Kajiado and Nairobi counties formed the study location, a target population of 156 active community units was considered to arrive at a total sample of 122 community units and out of 7800CHPs a sample of 366 respondents was drawn. Multistage sampling was used to identify the CUs, and systematic random sampling to identify 366 respondents. Quantitative data tools were semi-structured closed ended questionnaires. Qualitative data tools included observation checklist, Focus Group Discussion and Key Informant Interviews guides. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS to generate univariate and bivariate analysis at p<0.05 significance level; Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis based on key themes generated from the objectives. Results were presented in form of graphs, tables, figures, and narration. This study showed that the use of Community based- Health Management Information System stood at 56.6%. Behavioural factors were found to significantly influence use of Community based- Health Management Information System. Further, of the total variations in the use of Community based- Health Management Information System, behavioral factor explains 13.7% (R2 = .137). Results show that the model was valid (F(1, 363) = 58.579, P = .001) hence the explanatory variable (X2, Behavioral factors) is good in explaining total variations in Use of CbHMIS by community units. This implies that the use of CbHMIS by Community Units (CU) improves significantly when the community units have better behavioural factors. In conclusion, behavioural factors of CHPs have strong and significant influence on the CBHMIS use. Motivation of CHPs is key as a motivator to CBHMIS use, as well as. provision of material support including reporting tools and IEC materials and capacity development technical, computer and electronic reporting skills to enhamce CHP operations and processes.
Analysis of Related Risk Factors for Artificial Airway Management in Postoperative Patients with No Throat in Laryngeal Cancer
Authors: null Qing Shasha , null Xiao Hongying , null Chen Xiaofang
Published: April 2024

Objective: To analyze the relevant factors affecting artificial airway management in postoperative non laryngeal patients with laryngeal cancer. Method: A total of 150 patients who underwent total laryngectomy in a tertiary hospital between January 2020 and January 2023 were selected as the study subjects. Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into two groups based on whether they had postoperative artificial airway problems: one group had no airway problems (n=52) and the other group had artificial airway problems (n=98). Conduct univariate analysis on factors that may affect artificial airways, and conduct multivariate logistic regression analysis on factors with statistically significant differences. Results: Among the 150 patients, a total of 98 experienced postoperative artificial airway problems, with an incidence rate of 65.33%. Gender, age, diabetes, tumor stage, wound healing, sputum viscosity after artificial airway, room temperature and humidity, occurrence of multiple drug resistance, and neck lymph node dissection were included in the univariate analysis of the occurrence of artificial airway problems. The results showed that wound healing, sputum viscosity after artificial airway, room temperature and humidity, occurrence of multiple drug resistance were related to the artificial airway problems of laryngocarcinoma patients without larynx after surgery (P<0.05). Four statistically significant single factors, including wound healing, sputum viscosity after artificial airway, room temperature and humidity, and the occurrence of multiple drug resistance, were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. The results showed that wound healing, sputum viscosity after artificial airway, and the occurrence of multiple drug resistance were closely related to the occurrence of artificial airway problems in non laryngeal patients after laryngeal cancer surgery, and were independent risk factors (P<0.05). Conclusion: For patients with laryngeal cancer treated with total laryngectomy, wound healing, sputum viscosity after artificial airway, and the occurrence of multidrug resistance are high-risk influencing factors for postoperative artificial airway problems, which should be taken seriously in clinical work.
Variability and Dynamics of the Kuroshio and Mindanao Current during the 2010/11 La Niña and in Late 2012
Authors: Li Bo , Yuan Dongliang , Hu Xiaoyue , Yang Ya , Li Yao , Hu Shijian
Published: April 2024

Variability of two Pacific western boundary currents (WBCs)—the Kuroshio and the Mindanao Current—during the strong 2010/11 La Niña event is investigated using ship-based hydrographic observations and moored current-meter data collected off the east coasts of the Philippines. The geostrophic currents calculated using the hydrographic data show that, during the 2010/11 La Niña winter, the Kuroshio decreased by ∼10 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1), whereas the Mindanao Current increased by ∼5–10 Sv, relative to the normal winter in late 2012. The interannual variability based on the hydrographic data is confirmed by moored current-meter measurements and satellite altimeter geostrophic currents. A coastally trapped Kelvin wave model is used to explain the interannual variability of the two WBCs during the different ENSO phases. The good comparison of the simulated sea level anomalies around the Philippines with the altimeter data suggests that the interannual variability of the WBCs is associated with Kelvin wave propagation from the Sulawesi–Sulu Seas clockwise around the Philippine Archipelago. We identified that the Kelvin waves are excited by downwelling equatorial Rossby waves propagating into the Indonesian Seas during the La Niña. The transport anomalies of the WBCs are comparable to the total meridional transport anomalies integrated across the interior North Pacific Ocean, suggesting the importance of the WBCs in the heat charge–discharge processes of the western Pacific warm pool during ENSO events.

Significance Statement

The two western boundary currents (WBCs)—the Kuroshio and the Mindanao Current—play the role of closing the subtropical and tropical gyre circulation of the Pacific Ocean. Their variability during ENSO is unknown. Existing studies based on numerical modeling suggest that their variability is highly correlated with ENSO, with the Kuroshio stronger and Mindanao Current weaker during La Niña and vice versa during El Niño. Here, we use in situ hydrographic observations combined with mooring and satellite altimeter data to show that the Kuroshio transport decreases and the Mindanao Current transport increases during the 2010/11 La Niña, the dynamics of which are controlled by the Kelvin wave propagation from the Sulawesi–Sulu Seas clockwise around the Philippine Archipelago. The result is important for the warm pool dynamics during ENSO.
Moving Forward: A Close Look at Healing Process After Traumatic Parental Death
Authors: Asgari Zahra , Naghavi Azam
Published: April 2024

Recovery from traumatic grief after parental loss is a challenging and gradual process. The current study aimed to capture the rich and nuanced experiences of adolescents’ healing process after traumatically losing their parent(s). A phenomenological approach was utilized for data collection and analysis. To reach the research aim, interviews with 15 Iranian adolescents who had lost their parent(s) at least three-year ago were conducted. Two main themes from Colaizzi’s analysis including Grief work and Rebuilding new life were extracted from data. Findings highlight an understanding of how adolescents with an experience of traumatic parental death would heal and could provide valuable insights into creating successful interventions and support systems tailored to help them cope with the devastating effects of traumatic loss and grief.
Book review: D. V. Kumar (Ed.), The Idea of University: Possibilities and Contestations
Authors: Ghosh Biswajit
Published: April 2024

D. V. Kumar (Ed.), The Idea of University: Possibilities and Contestations. London and New York: Routledge, 2022, 189 pp., ₹995 (South Asia Edition). ISBN: 978-1-032-33276-5.
Na’guara!! We peasants do practice agroecology:” Territorial Symphonies in La Alianza, Venezuela
Authors: Domené-Painenao Olga , Mier y Terán Mateo , Limón Fernando , Rosset Peter , Contreras Miguel
Published: April 2024

In the face of the devastating implementation of corporative agri-food systems, processes of re-territorialization driven by agroecology, such as peasant resistance, become particularly relevant. In this article, we examine the history of the organization La Alianza (The Alliance) in Lara, Venezuela from 1975 to 2020, as narrated by its members, and using the methodology of the systematization of experiences. Based on the analytical categories of agroecology, territory and intersubjectivities, we reconstruct trajectories and organization, identifying harmonious moments which as in the case of a symphony orchestra are triggers for social processes that have promoted the constitution of specific territories. We conclude by showing the possibility of an alternative existence to hegemonic structures, constructed by collective, organized, and conscious subjects that are the driving force behind territories.

Frente a la devastadora implementación de los sistemas agroalimentarios corporativos, los procesos de reterritorialización impulsados por la agroecología como, por ejemplo, la resistencia campesina, cobran especial relevancia. Este artículo analiza la historia de la organización La Alianza en Lara, Venezuela, desde 1975 hasta 2020, narrada por sus miembros y utilizando la metodología de la sistematización de experiencias. Reconstruimos trayectorias y el proceso de organización a partir de categorías analíticas pertenecientes a la agroecología, el territorio y las intersubjetividades, identificando momentos de armonía que, al igual que en el caso de una orquesta sinfónica, han sido detonantes de procesos sociales a favor de la constitución de territorios específicos. Concluimos mostrando la posibilidad de una existencia alternativa a las estructuras hegemónicas—una alternativa construida por sujetos colectivos, organizados y conscientes capaces de fungir como la fuerza motriz del territorio.
Aripiprazole for treating delirium: A systematic review—Is it a valid yet understudied treatment?
Authors: Maddalena Stefano , Magistri Carlo , Mellini Cristiano , Sarli Giuseppe
Published: April 2024

Background:

Delirium is a neuropsychiatric condition that commonly occurs in medical settings, especially among older individuals. Despite the lack of strong evidence in the literature, haloperidol is considered the first-line pharmacological intervention. Unfortunately, its adverse effects can be severe, and psychiatrists are considering the use of alternative drugs targeting dopamine and serotonin domains (atypical antipsychotics). Among them, aripiprazole is considered to have one of the safest pharmacological profiles.

Aims:

The purpose of this study is to examine the studies on aripiprazole as a pharmacological treatment of delirium present in today’s literature.

Methods:

We carried out systematic research of MedLine, PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and ScienceDirect examining articles written between January 2002 and September 2023, including experimental studies published in peer-reviewed journals.

Results:

The 6 final included studies examined a total of 130 patients, showing a delirium resolution in a 7-day span of 73.8% of patients treated with aripiprazole.

Conclusions:

Considering the limited data currently available, we can assert that aripiprazole is at least as efficient as haloperidol, the true point is that it has a far better tolerability and safety profile. Nonetheless, further studies are necessary to provide more compelling data, together with a more precise indication regarding minimum efficient dose, as the main limitations of our review are the very small sample size, the small percentage of subjects with preexisting dementia, and the fact that most studies used scales with low specificity for the examined condition.
Dimensions of well-being
Authors: Jablonka Eva
Published: April 2024

The notion of well-being is relative to the needs of organisms, both non-human and human. I argue that what we have learned about development, animal consciousness and ecological interrelations requires an evolution-informed extension of the way we think about well- and ill-being. Studies of epigenetic inheritance, mostly in animals, but also in humans, show that the effects of both stress and well-being go deeper ‘under the skin’ and extend further into the future than we thought. Studies of animals’ consciousness suggest that welfare considerations should be extended to many more animal species than most of us imagined. Technological innovations and ecological studies show that well-being depends critically, far more than we anticipated, on global social and environmental politics, social justice and the uses of technology.
Using Machine Learning to Predict Axial Pile Capacity
Authors: Ozturk Baturalp , Kodsy Antonio , Iskander Magued
Published: April 2024

Accurate estimation of the ultimate axial load bearing capacity of piles is necessary to ensure the safety of the supported structures and to prevent cost overruns. Traditional mechanics-based design methods do not always predict pile capacity accurately, or precisely, leaving room for improvement. This study focuses on the potential of machine learning (ML) in estimating pile capacity. A dataset of 546 load tests was compiled from three databases. The baseline performance of traditional design methods was first established by comparing the capacities computed using four traditional approaches, against the capacities interpreted from load tests using Davisson’s criterion. Sixteen different ML techniques were explored. First, the optimal feature selection technique for model training was investigated. Second, hyperparameters of each technique were optimized. The process involved the training of 32,000 different models and tuning their hyperparameters. Next the dataset was randomly split into training (70%) and testing (30%) for comparing the 16 different ML regression models. Each of the optimized models was then trained using six feature sets. The performance of each of the 16 ML models with the best performing feature subset was compared with the baseline performance from traditional methods. Evaluation criteria included measured versus predicted capacities, influence of soil type on accuracy, as well as the absence of pile diameter, or length effects on accuracy and precision. In general, the ML methods performed significantly better than the best traditional method. The current research demonstrated that ML may offer advantages in geotechnical design when large datasets are available.
Validated Finite-Element Model for Predicting Asphalt Concrete Overlay Reflective Cracking Potential
Authors: Ramakrishnan Aravind , Al-Qadi Imad L.
Published: April 2024

The reflective cracking potential of overlay systems is often studied through large-scale testing, which is time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, a generalized 3D finite-element model was developed to simulate a large-scale test setup to predict the reflective cracking potential. Crack propagation was modeled, and fracture parameters, such as stress intensity factor (SIF) and J-integral, were obtained. Mode I cracking dominated the model’s crack propagation, while in-plane shear cracking was insignificant. The model was validated with large-scale testing results; the average Mode I SIF was found to be a valid measure to assess the overlays’ reflective cracking potential. The model could be used qualitatively to compare different overlay configurations. A database of 128 cases was generated to compute fracture parameters for extreme scenarios or a combination of inputs. A data-driven surrogate model that predicts reflective cracking potential was developed to allow easy application by agencies. Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) analysis confirmed the model’s robustness. The surrogate model may be used by engineers to select asphalt concrete mixtures and design overlay thicknesses to control reflective cracking potential.
Examining the Relationship between Connected Vehicle Driving Event Data and Police-Reported Traffic Crash Data at the Segment- and Event Level
Authors: Gupta Nischal , Jashami Hisham , Savolainen Peter T. , Gates Timothy J. , Barrette Timothy , Powell Wesley
Published: April 2024

Police-reported crash data have been the de facto element used by the transportation agencies in developing and implementing traffic safety projects. This approach is reactive in nature and can lead to suboptimal investment decisions owing to inherent challenges in crash data analysis. Because of their large-scale and near real-time availability, connected vehicle (CV) driving event data have emerged as a promising means of addressing these challenges. This study utilized CV event data for three different event types, namely, acceleration, braking, and cornering at three severity levels (easy, normal, and harsh), to examine the viability of using these data in traffic safety analysis. The results showed a strong correlation between crash frequency and CV driving event frequency. CV event data also improved the goodness-of-fit of crash frequency models. The results also showed that the relationship between CV driving events and traffic volume and roadway geometric data were generally consistent with the trends that crash data usually exhibit with the same predictors. This was true at both segment level and individual event level, as well as when the data were examined across different event/crash types. Overall, the results showed a strong case for these data to be used in traffic safety analyses as a complement to, or in lieu of, crash data.
A Tablet-Based Application to Enhance Social Connectedness for Individuals With a Cognitive Impairment: Results From the PRISM-CI Pilot Study
Authors: Falzarano Francesca B. , Lucius-Milliman Darby , Ceruso Marco , Czaja Sara J.
Published: April 2024

Social engagement is fundamental to successful aging and linked to better emotional, physical, and cognitive health. Maintaining social engagement is challenging for many older adults but especially for those with a cognitive impairment (CI). Information and communication technologies (ICT) can provide enhanced opportunities for social and cognitive engagement for older adults with a CI via increased information, education, and social connectivity access. This study used a pre-test post-test design to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the PRISM-CI software system, a tablet-based application designed to enhance access to resources, information, and social engagement, in 52 individuals with a CI between the ages of 65–88 years who had access to PRISM-CI for five months. Findings show that social isolation, loneliness, and depressive symptoms significantly decreased, and mobile device proficiency significantly increased, from baseline to follow-up. Results highlight ICTs potential to foster social engagement among older adults with a CI.
An industry review of recent graduate employees' performance compared to workplace expectations: An environmental science case study
Authors: Richardt Sarah Ann , Towner Steven , Brent Gayle , Castley James Guy
Published: April 2024

This study developed and tested a model of higher education environmental science program review through industry-wide surveys of environmental science graduate employers. We surveyed 62 environmental professionals who manage recent environmental science graduate employees in eastern Australia. The survey captured expectations of graduates’ skill performance compared to workplace expectations in the first 6 months of employment in both degree-specific skills and general employment skills. Graduate employee skill importance was ranked significantly higher than their actual performance in degree-specific skills including field work, formal correspondence, policy development, data analysis/interpretation, and understanding environmental legislation. Performance was also significantly lower than expectations of generic employment skills including foundation, collaborative, and employability skills. Work placement within undergraduate programs was reported as being pivotal in efficiently preparing graduates, although workplace time limitations hinder participation. This study provides new evidence for universities to adopt work placement or other work integrated learning as a core program component, embed skill awareness and skill portfolio development in curricula, and periodically undertake industry review of graduate employee performance compared to workplace expectations. The new model presented here, of higher education program review, incorporating both graduate employee performance and employer expectations, will assist universities continuing relevancy in a dynamic employment market.
Awareness, willingness to use pre-exposure prophylaxis, and use of post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention among men who have sex with men in Mexico
Authors: Chapin-Bardales Johanna , Algarin Angel B , Baruch-Dominguez Ricardo , Smith Laramie R , Hernandez-Avila Mauricio , Sanchez Travis
Published: April 2024

Background

Little is known about awareness and willingness to use or purchase HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Mexico.

Methods

MSM in Mexico were recruited via advertisements on online social venues to participate in Encuesta de Sexo Entre Hombres, an online behavioral survey. Awareness of PrEP, willingness to take PrEP if available for free, willingness to purchase PrEP, awareness of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and ever PEP use were assessed in descriptive and multivariate analyses.

Results

Overall, 54.8% (4588/8376) of participants were aware of PrEP. Of those aware, 77.6% were willing to use PrEP if free and 52.6% were willing to purchase PrEP, generally at a maximum monthly cost of $500MXP. Both awareness of and willingness to use PrEP if free or for purchase were significantly greater among MSM who were younger, and varied by demographic, recent healthcare use, and behavioral risk factors. Only 8.2% had ever used PEP, which was highly associated with healthcare utilization.

Conclusions

About half of Mexican MSM were aware of PrEP. The majority of those aware were willing to use PrEP if available for free and many were willing to purchase PrEP at low cost. Leveraging demographic, recent healthcare use, and behavioral risk characteristics associated with awareness and willingness to use PrEP could be useful in designing future PrEP programs for MSM in Mexico. Expanding healthcare settings in which PEP is available may also support identifying candidates for PrEP and scaling up PrEP implementation.
Do We Become More Lonely With Age? A Coordinated Data Analysis of Nine Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Graham Eileen K. , Beck Emorie D. , Jackson Kathryn , Yoneda Tomiko , McGhee Chloe , Pieramici Lily , Atherton Olivia E. , Luo Jing , Willroth Emily C. , Steptoe Andrew , Mroczek Daniel K. , Ong Anthony D.
Published: April 2024

Loneliness is a pervasive experience with adverse impacts on health and well-being. Despite its significance, notable gaps impede a full understanding of how loneliness changes across the adult life span and what factors influence these changes. To address this, we conducted a coordinated data analysis of nine longitudinal studies encompassing 128,118 participants ages 13 to 103 from over 20 countries. Using harmonized variables and models, we examined loneliness trajectories and predictors. Analyses revealed that loneliness follows a U-shaped curve, decreasing from young adulthood to midlife and increasing in older adulthood. These patterns were consistent across studies. Several baseline factors (i.e., sex, marital status, physical function, education) were linked to loneliness levels, but few moderated the loneliness trajectories. These findings highlight the dynamic nature of loneliness and underscore the need for targeted interventions to reduce social disparities throughout adulthood.
Cost of Illness and Out-of-pocket Expenditure of Ankylosing Spondylitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis at a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India Using Conventional Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
Authors: Bali Ojasvini , Singla Sumeet
Published: April 2024

Background:

The economic burden of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in India is significant.

Aim:

To estimate the cost of illness (COI) and out-of-pocket expenditure of AS and RA among patients on conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.

Methodology:

A retrospective, cross-sectional study on 87 participants using a prevalence-based, bottom-up approach and the human capital method was adopted to calculate the direct and indirect costs of RA and AS.

Results:

The average COI for patients with RA was estimated to be ₹51,741 person per year, whereas the COI for patients with AS was ₹41,379 per person per year (Consumer Price Index 2021: 134.44). Direct cost was the major contributor to COI constituting 65.21% [₹33,743] and 58.84% [₹24,348] of the total COI of RA and AS, respectively. Increasing disease severity, longer duration of illness and increasing impairment of daily activities were significantly associated with increasing COI of both RA and AS. The main expense towards annual direct costs per year in patients with RA was medication expenses, whereas for patients with AS, it was investigation expenses. Out-of-pocket spending was significant as nearly half (54.95%) of the direct expenditure on health for both RA [₹18,544] and AS (39.2%) [₹9,544] was borne by patients themselves. RA and AS caused catastrophic health expenditure in 14.92% and 6.67% of households, respectively. Indirect costs of RA and AS were ₹17,998 and ₹17,030, respectively. Indirect costs of RA and AS increased as productivity at work decreased. Average overall work productivity impairment and overall activity impairment reached close to 50% and was comparable for RA and AS.

Conclusion:

The economic burden of RA and AS is significant. There is an urgent need to prioritise policies and interventions for management of rheumatological conditions.
A rapid prediction model for the radiation efficiency of baffled constrained layer damping plate
Authors: Liu Quanmin , Sun Yifei , Song Lizhong , Jiang Jian , Liu Linya
Published: April 2024

It’s well-known that constrained layer damping (CLD) can effectively reduce the vibration and radiation noise from the (plate-like or shell-like) thin-walled structures under various of dynamic excitations. As one of the key properties deciding the CLD’s performance, the CLD’s acoustic radiation characteristics has always been a focus of researchers. In this study, an analytical model based on equivalent principle is proposed to predict the acoustic radiation efficiency of the CLD plate. In this model, a laminated CLD plate is equivalent to a single-layer plate and the equivalent stiffness and loss factor are obtained using the strain energy method. The vibration velocity of the plate is calculated using mode-superposition method and the sound pressure on the plate surface is calculated using Rayleigh integral formula. Variable mesh sizes and frequency steps are employed to improve the calculation efficiency. The difference between the base and CLD plates in sound radiation characteristics is investigated using this model. The results indicate that CLD involving a damping layer with a low Young’s modulus can mitigate more vibration at low frequencies. A higher Young’s modulus of the damping layer results in a higher radiation efficiency of the CLD plate between the fundamental and critical frequencies. By increasing the loss factor, the spatially averaged mean square velocity would decrease, more modes would contribute to the response, and the CLD plate can consequently achieve a higher radiation efficiency below the critical frequency. Moreover, the simplified formulae for the average radiation efficiency of the CLD plate is developed to achieve the rapid calculation. Its accuracy is then validated by comparing the results to the more comprehensive model.
Tackling loneliness together: A three-tier social identity framework for social prescribing
Authors: Haslam S. Alexander , Haslam Catherine , Cruwys Tegan , Sharman Leah S. , Hayes Shaun , Walter Zoe , Jetten Jolanda , Steffens Niklas K. , Cardona Magnolia , La Rue Crystal J. , McNamara Niamh , Këllezi Blerina , Wakefield Juliet R. H. , Stevenson Clifford , Bowe Mhairi , McEvoy Peter , Robertson Alysia M. , Tarrant Mark , Dingle Genevieve , Young Tarli
Published: April 2024

In recent years, there has been growing recognition of the threats to health posed by loneliness. One of the main strategies that has been recommended to address this is social prescribing (SP). This typically involves general practitioners (GPs) and other health practitioners directing clients who are experiencing loneliness and related conditions to take part in social activities—typically in recreational and community contexts. However, evidence for the effectiveness of SP is mixed—leading some to suggest that enthusiasm for it might be misplaced. In this review, we argue that a core problem with most existing approaches to SP is that they lack a strong theoretical base. This has been a barrier to (a) understanding when SP will work and why, (b) designing optimally effective SP programmes, and (c) developing practitioner skills and appropriate infrastructure to support them. As a corrective to this state of affairs, this review outlines a three-tier social identity framework for SP and five associated hypotheses. These hypotheses predict that SP will be more effective when (a) clients join groups and (b) these groups are ones with which they identify, and when SP is supported by (c) social-identity-enhancing social infrastructure, (d) a social-identity-based therapeutic alliance, and (e) identity leadership that builds and shapes this alliance as well as clients’ identification with prescribed groups. This framework is supported by a range of evidence and provides an agenda for much-needed future research and practice.
Risky business: How metrics obfuscate journalistic values with traffic volumes in digital news production
Authors: Conyers Sherine P
Published: April 2024

Based on ethnography from Australian digital newsrooms, this research shows how content production is split into two forms: Original news reporting is considered an act of ‘journalistic discovery,’ while content produced to appease metric indicators is considered an act of ‘metric confirmation.’ By conceptualising the digital space as a “glut of occurrences” (Tuchman, 1978: p.44-45) to be filled, the two case studies shown in this work inform how temporality and metrification intertwine to posit metric confirmation as low-risk, low-cost, high-gain work, while acts of journalistic discovery are comparatively high-risk and high-cost, with unknown outcomes. I argue that the inundation of metrics into newsrooms obfuscates other more crucial news values and poses challenges for the future of journalism when digital distribution is increasingly dependent on third parties while responsibility for commercial success has been shifted onto editorial staff.
Paths to Justice: A Decolonizing Global Response Through Knowledge Sharing and Inclusive Research Approaches
Authors: CohenMiller Anna S. , Boivin Nettie
Published: April 2024

With a focus on coalition building, inclusive research inquiry, and decolonial practices, this special issue delves into the complexities of forced colonization, emphasizing the importance of grassroots community involvement and knowledge sharing. Through a multidisciplinary lens, the articles within this issue explore various aspects of the conflict, offering innovative approaches to address the immediate and long-term impacts on affected populations. This collection serves as a call to action for scholars and practitioners to collaborate and advocate for justice-based solutions in the face of humanitarian crises.
Management of an Iatrogenic Pulmonary Artery Rupture via Balloon Tamponade
Authors: Yassen Mohammad , Changal Khalid , Moukarbel George V.
Published: April 2024

Pulmonary artery rupture is a rare complication of right heart catheterization characterized by a rapid clinical deterioration and high mortality rate. We present the case of an 89-year-old woman with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis who underwent cardiac catheterization prior to aortic valve replacement. The patient had acute cardiopulmonary deterioration due to pulmonary artery rupture at the time of right heart catheterization, that was successfully sealed by balloon tamponade.
Physical Activity and Sports for Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Pandya Jheel , Menino Rosenbluth Lauren J. , Adams Alexa B.
Published: April 2024

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease of childhood, presenting clinically as inflammatory arthritis in children younger than 16 years. To date, while evidence supports physical activity for children with JIA, there is limited evidence on the recommended approach to physical activity and sports participation in this population, and no single structured therapeutic exercise program has been established as best practice. This review article presents what is known on the management of physical activity in children with JIA, including recommendations from the pediatric rheumatology and rehabilitation literature, where available, for sports participation, structured therapeutic exercise programs, and return to activity.
Assessing the Utility of artificial intelligence in endometriosis: Promises and pitfalls
Authors: Dungate Brie , Tucker Dwayne R , Goodwin Emma , Yong Paul J
Published: April 2024

Endometriosis, a chronic condition characterized by the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside of the uterus, poses substantial challenges in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool in the field of medicine, offering opportunities to address the complexities of endometriosis. This review explores the current landscape of endometriosis diagnosis and treatment, highlighting the potential of AI to alleviate some of the associated burdens and underscoring common pitfalls and challenges when employing AI algorithms in this context. Women’s health research in endometriosis has suffered from underfunding, leading to limitations in diagnosis, classification, and treatment approaches. The heterogeneity of symptoms in patients with endometriosis has further complicated efforts to address this condition. New, powerful methods of analysis have the potential to uncover previously unidentified patterns in data relating to endometriosis. AI, a collection of algorithms replicating human decision-making in data analysis, has been increasingly adopted in medical research, including endometriosis studies. While AI offers the ability to identify novel patterns in data and analyze large datasets, its effectiveness hinges on data quality and quantity and the expertise of those implementing the algorithms. Current applications of AI in endometriosis range from diagnostic tools for ultrasound imaging to predicting treatment success. These applications show promise in reducing diagnostic delays, healthcare costs, and providing patients with more treatment options, improving their quality of life. AI holds significant potential in advancing the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis, but it must be applied carefully and transparently to avoid pitfalls and ensure reproducibility. This review calls for increased scrutiny and accountability in AI research. Addressing these challenges can lead to more effective AI-driven solutions for endometriosis and other complex medical conditions.
Porous gold-layered cubic and octahedral Cu-oxide nanocrystals: Dopamine sensing
Authors: Jacobs Carla , Erasmus Elizabeth
Published: April 2024

Two morphologically different porous gold layered on Cu-oxide-based electrochemical sensors were developed for the selective detection of dopamine in the presence of uric acid, ascorbic acid or dextrose. The nanoparticles were prepared by layering Au onto either a cubic or octahedron-shaped Cu-oxide crystal via a galvanic reaction. These were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The porous structure of the gold over layer was clearly visible on the scanning electron microscopy image while the macro morphology was maintained. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of metallic gold while both CuI (CuO) and CuII (Cu2O) were present in the samples. These two Au/Cu-oxide nanocomposites were used to modify glassy carbon electrodes and were tested for their dopamine sensing ability. Differential pulse voltammetry was used to investigate the selectivity towards dopamine in the presence of different interfering molecules uric acid, ascorbic acid and dextrose). From the differential pulse voltammetry, the lowest limit of detection was found to be 1.1 μM, with a sensitivity of 3.4 μA mM−1 mm−2 in the linear range of 10–250 μM for the porous gold layered covering the octahedron Cu-oxide-modified glassy carbon electrode.
Prehabilitation: The underutilised weapon for chronic pain management
Authors: Tidmarsh Lydia V. , Harrison Richard , Finlay Katherine A.
Published: April 2024

Objective

Prehabilitation encompasses preparatory clinical intervention(s) delivered during the period between diagnosis and treatment commencement. Despite widespread successful usage preoperatively, psychological prehabilitation is neglected in outpatient chronic pain management. Although pain management waitlists are associated with treatment attrition and psychological and physical decline, this time window is underutilised in preventing escalation. Waitlists present an under-explored opportunity to ‘prehabilitate’ patients waiting for treatment. This topical review aimed to: (1) examine the effectiveness of psychological prehabilitation for pain services; (2) evaluate the psychological and physical decline associated with waiting for pain management; (3) highlight key psychological prehabilitative targets for increasing treatment engagement; (4) promote pain management psychological prehabilitation within personalised pain medicine, building recommendations for future interventions.

Methods

Studies regarding the impact of waitlists and prehabilitation for chronic pain were reviewed.

Results

Findings demonstrated that the psychological constructs of patient expectations, health locus of control, self-efficacy and pain catastrophizing dynamically influence attrition, treatment engagement and outcomes while waiting. These constructs are amenable to change, emphasising their potential utility within a targeted waitlist intervention.

Conclusions

Prehabilitating chronic pain patients towards treatment engagement could circumvent cycles of failed treatment seeking, preventing psychological and physical decline, and reducing healthcare utilisation. Utilising the waitlist to identify psychosocial risk factors (external health locus of control, low self-efficacy and high pain catastrophizing) would identify who requires additional support to prevent increased risk of treatment failure, enhancing personalised care before prescribed treatment is accessed. This review cements the urgent need for pain services to engage proactively with prehabilitation innovation.