bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated proteomics and metabolomics analysis of cardiac-tissue in mice with sepsis
Authors: Ji Heyu , Xiao Ting , Li Peijun , Yu Fei , Yu Rong , Yu Fengling , Ma Xinyu , Xu Junmei , Cui Yulong
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Sepsis remains a devastating disease with a high fatality rate in most nations. Heart failure accounts for around half of all deaths in sepsis patients. Because of the peculiarities of cardiac tissue, the specific mechanism of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction remains largely unknown.
Objectives: The goal of this study was to develop a more complete understanding of the molecular pathways of septic cardiomyopathy by doing an integrated proteome and metabolomics analysis on a sepsis-infected mouse model.
Methods: The CLP mice were utilized as a model in this study to investigate the impact of septic cardiomyopathy on the molecular changes in heart tissues through combining metabolomics and proteomics studies.
Results: The present findings suggest that 118 proteins (75-upregulated and 43-downregulated) and 138 metabolites (124-upregulated and 14-downregulated) were significantly altered. Additionally, these compounds play a significant role in biological processes, such as platelet activation, mineral absorption, drug metabolism, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, and butanoate metabolism. The comprehensive analysis discovered that prostaglandin H2, prostaglandin I2, thromboxane A2, and L-Glutamine might play essential roles in combating sepsis-induced heart dysfunction.
Conclusions: Overall, this work adds to our understanding of the implications of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction and may lead to identifying novel potential biomarkers and a better understanding of sepsis pathophysiology.
Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC 6075 alleviates obesity in mice through modulation of gut microbiota dysbiosis
Authors: Zhuang Yun , Yang Shuai , Yang Dan , Gu Xiqun , Wang Yi , Chen Yang , Wang Zhenzhen , Chen Renjin
Published: October 2022

Background
Obesity associated with lipid metabolism dysbiosis and intestinal dysbiosis is considered as a major healthcare problem worldwide. In the meanwhile, different probiotics have demonstrated beneficial effects on this condition, thus increasing the interest in the development of probiotic treatments. In this context, the aim of this study is to investigate the anti-obesity effects of potential probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC 6075.
Methods
C57BL/6J mice on normal chow diet or high-fat feed were treated Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC 6075 by daily oral gavage for 12 weeks. Body weight, adipose tissue weight and HE sections of liver tissue, adipose tissue, and intestine were examined for each group, along with fecal 16S rRNA gene sequences were analyzed.
Results
Overall, L. acidophilus reduced body weight and fat accumulation in obese mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). Besides, Sequencing results showed that HFD diet reduced α-diversity and β-diversity, and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, norank_f_Muribaculaceae was reduced, and significantly increased the relative abundance of ilebacterium. L. acidophilus reversed HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, and decreased Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratios. In addition, the results of bacterial functional potential prediction using PICRUSt showed that L. acidophilus treatment improved the gut microbiota functions involving metabolism, immune response, and pathopoiesia.
Conclusions
Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC 6075 ameliorated obesity through its alleviation of lipid metabolism dysbiosis and gut dysbiosis. It could be a good candidate for probiotic of ameliorating obesity and associated diseases such as hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, and insulin resistance.
Optimization of bioethanol production from sugarcane molasses by the response surface methodology using Meyerozyma caribbica isolate MJTm3
Authors: Hawaz Estifanos , Tafesse Mesfin , Tesfaye Anteneh , Kiros Solomon , Beyene Dereje , Kebede Gessese , Boekhout Teun , Groenewald Marizeth , Theelen Bart , Degefe Ayantu , Degu Sisay , Admasu Alene , Hunde Biru , Muleta Diriba
Published: October 2022

Purpose
Yeast strains tolerant to a wide range of stress conditions are needed for the production of bioethanol from substrates rich in sugar. In our earlier research findings, Meyerozyma caribbica isolate MJTm3 (OM329077) demonstrated remarkable stress tolerance and fermentative activity. The present study aimed to optimize six fermentation parameters to generate conducive fermentation conditions for ethanol production by M. caribbica isolate MJTm3.
Method
The response surface method (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize process conditions for higher bioethanol yield. The optimization process was carried out based on six independent parameters, namely temperature (25-30oC), pH (5.5–6.5), inoculum size (10–20% (v/v)), molasses concentration (25–35 (w/v)), mixing rate (110–150 rpm), and incubation period (48–72 h). Analysis of ethanol concentration was done by HPLC equipped with a UV detector.
Result
The optimal conditions of the parameters resulting in a maximum predicted ethanol yield were as follows: pH 5.5, an inoculum size of 20%, a molasses concentration of 25 oBrix, a temperature of 30oC, an incubation period of 72 h, and a mixing rate of 160 revolutions per minute (rpm). Using the above optimum conditions, the model predicted a bioethanol yield of 79%, 92% of the theoretical yield, a bioethanol concentration of 49 g L− 1, and a productivity of 0.68 g L− 1h− 1. A batch fermentation experiment was carried out to validate the predicted values and resulted in a bioethanol yield of 86%, 95% of theoretical yield, a bioethanol concentration of 56 g L− 1, and productivity of 0.78 g L− 1h− 1. On the other hand, the surface plot analysis revealed that the synergistic effect of the molasses concentration and the mixing rate were vital to achieving the highest bioethanol yield. In conclusion, these values suggested that the RSM with CCD was an effective method in producing the highest possible output of bioethanol from molasses in actual operation.
Conclusion
The study confirmed the potential of using M. caribbica isolate MJTm3 for bioethanol production from sugarcane molasses under the above-mentioned optimal conditions.
Integration of epigenomic and transcriptome analyses of neural tube defects reveals methylation driver lncRNAs and mRNAs
Authors: Xu Jing , Li Yingting , Zhang Luting , Liu Qiyun , Hu Shunqin , Hu Yanxin , Li Jia , Chen Min , Ma Runmei
Published: October 2022

Background
Abnormal genome-wide methylation during embryogenesis is associated with neural tube defects (NTDs) at birth. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may be promising biomarkers for nervous system-related diseases. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of lncRNAs with aberrant methylation in the pathogenesis of NTDs.
Methods
Pregnant mice were given retinoic acid (dissolved in corn oil, 50 mg/kg) to build the NTDs model by gavage. After collecting brain tissues, reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) and lncRNAs sequencing were conducted. Differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEGs) between NTDs and control group were screened, and then integrated with RRBS data to obtain genes with aberrant methylation, followed by functional enrichment analysis. Subsequently, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network were constructed. Finally, qRT-PCR was applied to determine the expression levels of identified hub lncRNAs.
Results
A total of 8 DElncRNAs as well as 213 DEGs with aberrant methylation between NTD group and normal group were screened. By bioinformatics analysis, several hub lncRNAs including Gm15521, Gm4681, Gm13974 and Gm40638, were identified. Function analysis showed these genes were mainly enriched in axon guidance pathway. The qRT-PCR assay revealed that the expression level of Gm15521, Gm4681 and Gm13974 in the NTDs group was significantly lower than those in the control group.
Conclusion
The study screened DElncRNAs with aberrant methylation in the NTDs and the identified genes could be potential biomarkers for prenatal diagnosis of NTDs. These findings will provide a reference for further study on the regulatory mechanism of non-coding RNAs in the NTDs.
Risk of subclinical atherosclerosis across metabolic transition in individuals with or without fatty liver disease: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Xin Zhuojun , Huang Jiaojiao , Cao Qiuyu , Wang Jialu , He Ruixin , Hou Tianzhichao , Ding Yi , Lu Jieli , Wang Tiange , Zhao Zhiyun , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang , Xu Min , Bi Yufang , Xu Yu , Li Mian
Published: October 2022

Background
Metabolic dysfunction is a major determinant in the progression of fatty liver disease. It is pivotal to evaluate the metabolic status and subsequent transition in fatty liver population and to identify the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis.
Methods
The prospective cohort study included 6260 Chinese community residents during 2010–2015. Fatty liver was determined as hepatic steatosis (HS) by ultrasonography. Metabolic unhealthy (MU) status was defined as having diabetes and/or ≥ 2 metabolic risk factors. Participants were categorized into 4 groups according to the combination of metabolic healthy (MH)/MU and fatty liver status (MHNHS, MUNHS, MHHS and MUHS). Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by elevated brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, pulse pressure and/or albuminuria.
Results
31.3% of the participants had fatty liver disease and 76.9% were in MU status. During a 4.3-year follow-up, 24.2% of participants developed composite subclinical atherosclerosis. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios for composite subclinical atherosclerosis risk were (1.66 [1.30–2.13]) in MUNHS group and (2.57 [1.90–3.48]) in MUHS group. It seemed that participants with fatty liver disease were more prone to be remained in MU status (90.7% vs.50.8%) and less likely to regress to MH status (4.0% vs. 8.9%). Fatty liver participants progressed to (3.11 [1.23–7.92]) or maintained MU status (4.87 [3.25–7.31]) significantly impelled the development of the composite risk, while regressing to MH status (0.15 [0.04–0.64]) were more intended to mitigate the risk.
Conclusions
The current study emphasized the importance of assessing metabolic status and its dynamic changes, especially in the fatty liver population. Regressing from MU to MH status not only benefited the systematic metabolic profile but also ameliorated future cardiometabolic complications.
Requirement of image standardization for AI-based macroscopic diagnosis for surgical specimens of gastric cancer
Authors: Sakashita Shingo , Sakamoto Naoya , Kojima Motohiro , Taki Tetsuro , Miyazaki Saori , Minakata Nobuhisa , Sasabe Maasa , Kinoshita Takahiro , Ishii Genichiro , Ochiai Atsushi
Published: October 2022

Purpose
The pathological diagnosis of surgically resected gastric cancer involves both a macroscopic diagnosis by gross observation and a microscopic diagnosis by microscopy. Macroscopic diagnosis determines the location and stage of the disease and the involvement of other organs and surgical margin. Lesion recognition is thus an important diagnostic step that requires a skilled pathologist. Nonetheless, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies could allow even inexperienced doctors and laboratory technicians to examine surgically resected specimens without the need for pathologists. However, organ imaging conditions vary across hospitals, and an AI algorithm created in one setting may not work properly in another. Thus, we identified and standardized factors affecting the quality of pathological macroscopic images, which could further affect lesion identification using AI.
Methods
We examined necessary image standardization for developing cancer detection AI for surgically resected gastric cancer by changing the following imaging conditions: focus, resolution, brightness, and contrast.
Results
Regarding focus, brightness, and contrast, the farther away the test data were from the training macro image, the less likely the inference was to be correct. Little change was observed for resolution, even with differing conditions for the training and test data. Regarding focus, brightness, and contrast, there were conditions appropriate for AI. Contrast, in particular, was far from the conditions appropriate for humans.
Conclusion
Standardizing focus, brightness, and contrast is important in the development of AI methodologies for lesion detection in surgically resected gastric cancer. This standardization is essential for AI to be implemented across hospitals.
Measuring social exclusion and its distribution in England
Authors: Dykxhoorn Jennifer , Osborn David , Fischer Laura , Troy David , Kirkbride James B , Walters Kate
Published: October 2022

BackgroundSocial exclusion is a multidimensional concept referring to the restricted ability of individuals or groups to participate fully in society. While social exclusion has been used to explore patterns of disadvantage, it has been difficult to measure. Thus, we aimed to use population-based data to measure social exclusion and its domains.MethodsWe used data fromUnderstanding Societyin 2009/10 develop a multidimensional measurement approach, replicated in 2018/19. We defined five domains of social exclusion from the literature and expert consultation: material, relational, political, digital, and structural. In both waves, we identified measures for each domain, then conducted principal component analysis to identify the components. We generated domain scores and an overall social exclusion score. We described the distribution of social exclusion and its domains by sex, region, age, and ethnicity.ResultsWe found the level of social exclusion was higher in the youngest age group and decreased by age. We found elevated levels of overall social exclusion for ethnic minoritised groups including African, Arab, and Caribbean groups compared to White British groups. We found distinct patterns within each domain.DiscussionWe developed an overall measure of social exclusion with five domains, and finding distinct patterns of social exclusion by age, ethnicity, and region which varied across domain. These findings suggest that attention should be paid to the separate domains due to different population distributions. This measurement approach moves beyond conceptual discussions of social exclusion and demonstrates the utility of a quantitative measure of social exclusion for use in health and social research.
Changes of ECG parameters after BNT162b2 vaccine in the senior high school students
Authors: Chiu Shuenn-Nan , Chen Yih-Sharng , Hsu Chia-Chen , Hua Yu-Chuan , Tseng Wei-Chieh , Lu Chun-Wei , Lin Ming-Tai , Chen Chun-An , Wu Mei-Hwan , Chen Yu-Ting , Chien Ting-Chou Hung , Tseng Chien-Lun , Wang Jou-Kou
Published: October 2022

Purpose: To determine the ECG parameters change and the efficacy of ECG screening for cardiac adverse effect after the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine in young population.
Methods: In December 2021, in cooperation with the school vaccination system of Taipei City government, we performed a ECG screening study during the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccines. Serial comparisons of ECGs and questionnaires survey were performed before and after vaccine in four male-predominant senior high schools.
Results: Among 7934 eligible students, 4928 (62.1%) were included in the study. The male/female ratio was 4576/352. In total, 763 students (17.1%) had at least one cardiac symptom after the second vaccine dose, mostly chest pain and palpitations. The depolarization and repolarization parameters (QRS duration and QT interval) decreased significantly after the vaccine with increasing heart rate. Abnormal ECGs were obtained in 51 (1.0%) of the students, of which 1 was diagnosed with mild myocarditis and another 4 were judged to have significant arrhythmia. None of the patients needed to be admitted to hospital and all of these symptoms improved spontaneously. Using these five students as a positive outcome, the sensitivity and specificity of this screening method were 100% and 99.1%, respectively.
Conclusions: Cardiac symptoms are common after the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine, but the incidences of significant arrhythmias and myocarditis are only 0.1%. The serial ECG screening method has high sensitivity and specificity for significant cardiac adverse effect but cost effect needs further discussed.
Within Intervention Change: Anger Regulation and Hostile Intent Attribution as Mechanisms to Reduce Children’s Aggressive Behavior
Authors: Alsem Sophie C. , Verhulp Esmée E. , Dijk Anouk , De Castro Bram O.
Published: October 2022

Intervention programs can effectively reduce children’s aggressive behavior problems. However, surprisingly few studies have investigated through what underlying mechanisms these interventions exert their beneficial effects. This requires high-frequency measurements of change mechanisms throughout the course of treatment. We used such a design to examine adaptive anger regulation and hostile intent attribution as mechanisms of change in an intervention to reduce children’s aggressive behavior problems. In total, 76 boys with aggressive behavior problems (Mage = 10.58, SD = 1.52; 96.1% born in Netherlands) participated in an 11-session cognitive behavior therapy intervention. During each treatment session, we used brief 3-item measures to assess children’s self-reported anger regulation, hostile intent attribution and aggression, as well as parent-reported child aggression. We analyzed these high-frequency measurements using latent growth curve models, providing an empirical test of individual-level change mechanisms. Results showed that individual change in child-reported aggression was associated with individual change in adaptive anger regulation and hostile intent attribution. For parent-reported aggression, such associations were found only for hostile intent attribution. These findings provide support for anger regulation and hostile intent attribution as within intervention change mechanisms, supporting the idea that these mechanisms are effective intervention targets to reduce children’s aggressive behavior problems.
Whole Genome Sequencing of a Multidrug-resistant Strain: D. acidovorans B408
Authors: Li Ke , Liu Xue , Zuo Wenlu , Wu Na
Published: October 2022

Delftia acidovorans is distributed widely in the environment and has the potentials to promote the growth of plants and degrade organic pollutants. However, it is also an opportunistic pathogen for human and many reports demonstrated that D. acidovorans has strong resistance to aminoglycosides and polymyxins. The aim of this work was to reveal the antibiotic resistance genes and pathogenic genes in a novel conditional pathogenic strain – D. acidovorans B804, which was isolated from the radiation-polluted soil from Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. The antibiotic resistance test was performed according to the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and evaluated by the standards of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The genome of D. acidovorans B804 was sequenced by a PacBio RS II and Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform in Shanghai Majorbio Bio-pharm Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The multidrug resistance phenotypes of D. acidovorans B804 was experimentally confirmed and its genome was sequenced. The total size of D. acidovorans B804 genome was 6,661,314 bp with a GC content of 66.73%. 403 genes associated with antibiotic resistances were predicted. Meanwhile, 89 pathogenic genes were also predicted and 17 of these genes might be capable of causing diseases to human such as infections and salmonellosis. This genomic information can be used as a reference sequence for comparative genomic studies. The results provided more insights regarding the pathogenesis and drug resistance mechanism of D. acidovorans, which will be meaningful for developing more effective therapies towards D. acidovorans- related diseases.
Hidden blood loss and its possible risk factors in full endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Ge ZhiLin , Zhao WenHua , Wu ZhiHua , He JiaHui , Zhu GuangYe , Cui JianChao , Ren Hui , Jiang XiaoBing , Yu WeiBo
Published: October 2022

Objective Full endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (ELIF) is a representative recent emerging minimally invasive operation, and its effectiveness has been continuously proved. This study aimed to evaluate the hidden blood loss in ELIF procedure and its possible risk factors. Methods The blood loss was calculated by Gross formula. Sex, age, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, ASA classification, fusion levels, surgical approach type(the count of trans-Kambin approach and interlaminar approach), surgery time, preoperative RBC, HGB, Hct, PT, INR, APTT, Fg, postoperative mean arterial pressure, postoperative heart rate, Intraoperative blood loss (IBL), patient blood volume were included to investigate the possible risk factors by correlation analysis and multiple linear regression between variables and hidden blood loss. Results 96 patients (23 males, 73 females) who underwent ELIF were retrospective analyzed in this study. The total blood loss was 303.56 (120.49, 518.43) ml(median [interquartile range]), of which the hidden blood loss was 240.11 (65.51, 460.31) ml, accounting for 79.10% of the total blood loss. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that fusion levels(P = 0.002), age(P = 0.003), hypertension(P = 0.000), IBL(P = 0.012), PT(P = 0.016), preoperative HBG(P = 0.037) were the possible risk factor for HBL. Conclusion The fusion levels, younger age, hypertension, PT, preoperative HBG are possible independent risk factor of HBL during ELIF procedure. In clinic, we should pay attention to the possibility of large perioperative blood loss even in minimally invasive surgery.
In vitro Cytogenetic Effects of the Euphorbia grisophylla Aerial Parts Aqueous Extract in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes
Authors: Polat Sedat , İla Hasan
Published: October 2022

The effects of the aqueous extract obtained from the aerial parts of Euphorbia grisophylla M.L.S.Khan, a herbaceous member of the Euphorbiaceae family, which is common in other parts of the world outside the Antarctic continent, on genotoxic, cytotoxic, and oxidative parameters were investigated. Experiments were carried out under short-term and in vitro conditions with sublethal concentrations of the test substance extract. According to the first results, the plant extract did not significantly affect the oxidative stress indicators in cell culture. Similarly, it increased the micronucleus ratio in lymphocytes insignificantly, but the concentration-effect relationship is significant in the 24-hour treatment. Again, the test substance did not induce an evident reversion-type mutation in the Ames test. However, the percentage of damaged cells in the Comet test and the genetic damage index increased significantly except for the lowest concentration. The cytotoxic effect observed in the context of the same pattern with these findings is remarkable. In conclusion, the slightly clastogenic and cytotoxic effect of Euphorbia grisophylla aqueous extract, not based on the oxidative attack, may provide a new projection for further research, like cancer therapy.
Extract of Plastrum Testudinis through miR-214 mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling stimulating bone formation
Authors: Lin Qing , Yang Yumei , Li Xiaoyun , Wang Haoyu , Cui Yan , Wang Panpan , Zhu Xiaofeng , Yang Li , Zhang Ronghua
Published: October 2022

Plastrum Testudinis (PT) is known as Traditional Chinese Medicine, which has commonly been used to treat and prevent bone metabolism for many years. However, the pharmacological mechanisms have not yet been fully clarified. In this study, we constructed a bilateral ovariectomy model to simulate postmenopausal osteoporosis (OP), then performed intragastric administration of different doses (160, 80, 40 mg/kg/day) of PT for 10 weeks. After treatment, we used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to evaluate bone mineral density, and micro-computed tomography and hematoxylin and eosin staining to analyze bone microstructure, immunochemistry, western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction to detect the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related factors; and miRNA over-expression to evaluate the effect of miR-214 on the differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and related target genes. PT moderated bone mass and bone microstructure, alleviated body weight, and exhibited no estrogen-like effects; promoted the expression of osteogenic differentiation factors in the femur and lumbar vertebrae, as well as facilitated the expression of the Wnt signaling-related factors LRP5, Wnt3a, GSK-3β, and β-catenin. In addition, miR-214 inhibited osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and targeted the Wnt signaling-related factors Wnt3a and β-catenin, while PT ameliorated these effects. This study indicated that PT may act as an antagonist of miR-214 to stimulate bone formation through β-catenin-mediated Wnt signaling.
Landscape change scenarios: Developing participatory tools for enhancing resilience to climate change
Authors: Zandlová Markéta , Skokanová Hana , Trnka Miroslav
Published: October 2022

Impacts of climate change as well as adaptation and mitigation policies have been studied through their effects on individuals, societies, the economic sector, agriculture, and ecosystems. Since the environment is expected to change significantly as a consequence of global warming, the role of local communities in shaping a more resilient landscape is crucial. This paper focuses on regions that are highly susceptible to climate change impacts, with the aim to develop and test an interdisciplinary mixed-methods approach to the development of future landscape scenarios, combining: i) qualitative and quantitative methods; and ii) research-driven (exploratory) and participatory (normative) processes of scenario development. A research-driven business-as-usual scenario accounts for adopted and planned mandatory adaptation policies, while an optimistic scenario, developed through a combination of research-driven and participatory approaches, includes additional measures stemming from feasible local activities. While the differences between the impacts of both scenarios on the land use and landscape structure seem to be relatively subtle, the optimistic scenario driven by active stakeholders would in fact lead to a considerably more resilient landscape. The results show that the mixed-method approach is limited to some extent due to its labour/effort intensity, uncertainty in the projections of particular landscape element changes, and unpredictability in the durability of the participatory process and local activism. However, it encourages citizens in thinking about the future of the landscape threatened by the impacts of climate change, and increases their willingness to actively manage the landscape in a way leading to enhancing the resilience to climate change effects.
Neuroscience Applied to Education Online Course: A Way to Promote Debate and Interest of School Teachers on Neurobiology of Learning
Authors: Lima Karine Ramires , Carrazoni Guilherme Salgado , Tadielo Ana Luíza , Mello-Carpes Pâmela Billig
Published: October 2022

Understanding how the brain function to promote learning shouldn't just be interesting to neuroscientists, but especially to teachers. From the moment that teachers understand the processes of learning and memory, this knowledge can help their teaching practice. Here, we report the 10th edition of the course "Neuroscience Applied to Education", offered online in the pandemic period of 2021, in Brazil. The course featured classes on eight neuroscience topics, taught by expert professors. The course had the participation of schoolteachers, most of them teaching children aged between 6-14 years old. Teachers stated that their perception of basic neuroscience knowledge improved after completing the course. They believed that the specific neuroscience topics related to education and teaching practice will have the greatest impact on their professional performance. Teachers evaluated the very well course, and the topics discussed generated debate and interest from the professors.
A unique microbiota for normal breast tissue
Authors: German Rana , Marino Natascia , Hemmerich Chris , Podicheti Ram , Rusch Douglas B. , Stiemsma Leah T. , Gao Hongyu , Xuei Xiaoling , Rockey Pam , Storniolo Anna Maria
Published: October 2022

Background
Microbial dysbiosis has emerged as a factor in most cancers, including breast cancer. However, whether changes in microbial composition of the breast are a cause, or a consequence, of tumor development remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the microbiota of normal breast tissue (N = 403) by sequencing the nine hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene (V1V2, V2V3, V4V5, V5V7, and V7V9).
Results
We defined the V1V2 amplicon as optimal for our analysis and identified Lactobacillaceae (Firmicutes phylum), Acetobacterraceae, and Xanthomonadaceae (both Proteobacteria phylum) as the most abundant families in the normal breast. However, Ralstonia (Proteobacteria phylum) was more abundant in breast tumors and histologically normal tissues adjacent to malignant tumors (N = 31 and N = 61, respectively). We also conducted a correlation analysis between the microbiome and known breast cancer risk factors. Abundances of the bacterial taxa Acetotobacter aceti, Lactobacillus vini, Lactobacillus paracasei, and Xanthonomas sp. were associated with age (p < 0.0001), racial background (p < 0.0001), and parity (p < 0.0001). Finally, transcriptome analysis of normal breast tissues showed an enrichment in metabolism- and immune-related genes in the tissues with abundant Acetotobacter aceti, Lactobacillus vini, Lactobacillus paracasei, and Xanthonomas sp., whereas the presence of Ralstonia in the normal tissue was linked to genes involved in the carbohydrate metabolic pathway.
Conclusions
This study defines the microbial features of normal breast tissue, thus providing a basis to understand cancer-related dysbiosis. Moreover, the findings reveal that lifestyle factors can significantly affect the breast microbial composition.
RZWQM2 simulated irrigation strategies to mitigate climate change impacts on cotton production in hyper–arid areas
Authors: Chen Xiaoping , Dong Haibo , Feng Shaoyuan , Gui Dongwei , Ma Liwang , Thorp Kelly R. , Wu Hao , Liu Bo , Qi Zhiming
Published: October 2022

Improving cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield and water use efficiency (WUE) under future climate scenarios by optimizing irrigation regimes is crucial in hyper–arid areas. Assuming a current baseline atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ( \({\left[{\text{C}\text{O}}_{2}\right]}_{\text{a}\text{t}\text{m}}\) ) of 380 ppm (baseline, BL0/380), the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) was used to evaluate the effects of four climate change scenarios — S1.5/380 ( \(\varDelta {\text{T}}_{\text{a}\text{i}\text{r}}^{^\circ }=1.5^\circ \text{C}, \varDelta {\left[{\text{C}\text{O}}_{2}\right]}_{\text{a}\text{t}\text{m}}=0\) ), S2.0/380 ( \(\varDelta {\text{T}}_{\text{a}\text{i}\text{r}}^{^\circ }=2.0^\circ \text{C}, \varDelta {\left[{\text{C}\text{O}}_{2}\right]}_{\text{a}\text{t}\text{m}}=0\) ), S1.5/490 ( \(\varDelta {\text{T}}_{\text{a}\text{i}\text{r}}^{^\circ }=1.5^\circ \text{C}, \varDelta {\left[{\text{C}\text{O}}_{2}\right]}_{\text{a}\text{t}\text{m}}=+110 \text{p}\text{p}\text{m}\) ) and S2.0/650 ( \(\varDelta {\text{T}}_{\text{a}\text{i}\text{r}}^{^\circ }=2.0^\circ \text{C}, \varDelta {\left[{\text{C}\text{O}}_{2}\right]}_{\text{a}\text{t}\text{m}}=+270 \text{p}\text{p}\text{m}\) ) on soil water content (θ), soil temperature ( \({\text{T}}_{\text{s}\text{o}\text{i}\text{l}}^{^\circ }\) ), aboveground biomass, cotton yield and WUE under full irrigation. Cotton yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) under ten different irrigation management strategies were analysed for economic benefits. Under the S1.5/380 and S2.0/380 scenarios, the average simulated aboveground biomass of cotton (vs. BL0/380) declined by 11% and 16%, whereas under S1.5/490 and S2.0/650 scenarios it increased by 12% and 30%, respectively. The simulated average seed cotton yield (vs. BL0/380) increased by 9.0% and 20.3% under the S1.5/490 and S2.0/650 scenarios, but decreased by 10.5% and 15.3% under the S1.5/380 and S2.0/380 scenarios, respectively. Owing to greater cotton yield and lesser transpiration, a 9.0% and 24.2% increase (vs. BL0/380) in cotton WUE occurred under the S1.5/490 and S2.0/650 scenarios, respectively. The highest net income ($3741 ha−1) and net water yield ($1.14 m−3) of cotton under climate change occurred when irrigated at 650 mm and 500 mm per growing season, respectively. These results suggested that deficit irrigation can be adopted in irrigated cotton fields to address the agricultural water crisis expected under climate change.
A Catastrophic Implant Failure After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Özer Hamza , Ahmadov Asim , Ozel Tayfun , Selek Hakan Yusuf , Senol Mehmet Selcuk , Dursun Ayşe , Bozkurt Hasan Hüseyin
Published: October 2022

Wear of metallic surfaces after total knee arthroplasty is uncommon. In this case, we report a catastrophic failure of the knee prosthesis in a 60-year-old male patient who had undergone total knee prosthesis 7 years prior to his admission to our clinic. Genu recurvatum was observed in the affected knee. Surgical exploration of the knee showed wear of the polyethylene insert accompanied by metallic tibial component abrasion of the posterior-cruciate-retaining total knee prosthesis (Maxim, Biomet, Warsaw, IN, USA). Single-stage revision was performed, and a new total knee prosthesis was implanted (Legion, Smith & Nephew, Memphis, TN, USA). Postoperative examination showed improved stability and correction of recurvatum of the affected knee and follow-up examination showed improved weight bearing ability and better overall functional outcome.
Trans-fatty acid blood levels of industrial but not natural origin are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in patients with HFpEF: a secondary analysis of the Aldo-DHF trial
Authors: Lechner Katharina , Bock Matthias , von Schacky Clemens , Scherr Johannes , Lorenz Elke , Lechner Benjamin , Haller Bernhard , Krannich Alexander , Halle Martin , Wachter Rolf , Duvinage André , Edelmann Frank
Published: October 2022

Background:
Industrially processed trans-fatty acids (IP-TFA) have been linked to altered lipoprotein metabolism, inflammation and increased NTproBNP. In patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), associations of TFA blood levels with patient characteristics are unknown.
Methods:
This is a secondary analysis of the Aldo-DHF-RCT. From 422 patients, individual blood TFA were analyzed at baseline in n=404 using the HS-Omega-3-Index® methodology. Patient characteristics were; 67±8 years, 53% female, NYHA II/III (87/13%), ejection fraction ≥50%, E/e´ 7.1±1.5; NT-proBNP 158 ng/L (IQR 82-298). A principal component analysis was conducted but not used for further analysis as cumulative variance for the first two PCs was low. Spearman´s correlation coefficients as well as linear regression analyses, using sex and age as covariates, were used to describe associations of whole blood TFA with metabolic phenotype, functional capacity, echocardiographic markers for LVDF, and neurohumoral activation at baseline and after 12 months.
Results:
Blood levels of the naturally occurring TFA C16:1n-7t were inversely associated with dyslipidemia, body-mass-index/truncal adiposity, surrogate markers for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and inflammation at baseline/12 months. Conversely, IP-TFA C18:1n9t, C18:2n6tt and C18:2n6tc were positively associated with dyslipidemia and isomer C18:2n6ct with dysglycemia. C18:2n6tt and C18:2n6ct were inversely associated with submaximal aerobic capacity at baseline/12 months. No significant association was found between TFA and cardiac function.
Conclusions:
In HFpEF patients, higher blood levels of IP-TFA, but not naturally occurring TFA, were associated with dyslipidemia, dysglycemia and lower functional capacity. Blood TFAs, in particular C16:1n-7t, warrant further investigation as prognostic markers in HFpEF.
Tájékozódási futás – honnan indult? – hová tart? Visszatekintés a tájfutás történetére, áttekintése a sportág jelenének, kitekintés a jövőbe...
Authors: Kiss-Geosits Beatrix , Juhász Rebeka
Published: October 2022

A bevezetésben a tájfutás nemzetközi történetéről olvashatnak. A kezdetekről: Az első tájfutó versenyről, melyet Bergenben 1897. május 13-án rendeztek. Aztán a folytatásról, ahogyan a tájfutás skandináv eredetű sportággá vált. Az itt kialakuló tájfutás hasonlított leginkább a mai értelemben vet tájékozódási futáshoz. A Nemzetközi Tájfutó Szövetség 1961-es megalakulása indította el a sportág világméretű fejlődését. A Nemzetközi Tájékozódási Futó Szövetségnek négy hivatalos tájékozódási ága van: tájfutás, MTBO – kerékpáros tájékozódás, SkiO és TrailO – ahol mozgássérültekkel együtt versenyeznek ép társaik. Magyarországon, 1925-ben rendeztek tájfutó versenyt először. A tájékozódási futás hazai fejlődése két úton haladt, egyrészt a tájékozódási túraversenyek, másrészt a sportág fizikai oldalát, a gyors feladatmegoldást előtérbe helyező egyéni versenyzés jelentette a másik utat. A két fő irány szétválása a Magyar Tájékozódási Futó Szövetség 1970-ben önállóvá válásával valósult meg. Tájfutásban 1966-tól rendeznek világbajnokságot. A cikkben bemutatásra kerülnek a világversenyek. A tájfutó, tájfutás magyar és nemzetközi meghatározásait járjuk körül, bemutatásra kerülnek a szakágak is. Továbbá a sportág tudományos és elmélet dokumentumait, szaklapokat, kiadványokat és könyveket is megemlít a szerző. Végül kitekintünk a sportág lehetséges jövője felé.
Issues and Challenges of the Indian Handloom Sector: A Legal Perspective
Authors:   Faculty of Legal Studies, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India, Mishra Amrita , Mohapatra Chinmaya Kumar ,   Faculty of Legal Studies, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, Pattnaik Prabir Kumar ,   Faculty of Legal Studies, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, Satpathy Swayam Prabha
Published: October 2022

One of the most significant unorganized industries in the Indian economy is the handloom industry. According to some estimates, the handloom industry employs about forty lakh people. However, weavers involved in handloom production are unable to thrive in the face of fierce global competition and predatory tactics by multinational textile corporations, which threaten the survival of traditional handloom weavers through technical innovation. Due to these factors, the Indian handloom is always on the verge of hunger and starvation. The handloom industry’s strength comes from the fact that it is built on human talent, which is a component of traditional knowledge. Traditional knowledge cannot be adequately protected by the IP system in place. However, GI has developed as a legal tool for the defence and advancement of traditional knowledge. This is especially true in the case of the Indian GI Act, which covers a wide range of handloom products that are solely the result of human talent and independent of natural variables like typical area climatic circumstances. To preserve our rich historical and cultural legacy, it is imperative to safeguard and protect traditional methods, knowledge, and handloom products. Handloom weavers can benefit from Intellectual Property Rights protection under the existing worldwide regime. Some of the problems the handloom industry is currently facing and which give rise to legal issues include the socioeconomic circumstances of the weavers, the profitability of the handloom industry, the difficulties the weavers face, the accessibility of financial support, and innovative marketing strategies. Therefore, it is imperative that we consider these challenges and develop the kinds of plans that could aid the handloom business and weavers in improving their current situation. As a result, the paper looks at the current legal system for intellectual property rights to effectively safeguard the personal rights of handloom weavers as well as the craft itself.
Dual Identity and Self-assertion: A Study of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter
Authors:   Department of English Language and Translation, College of Sciences and Arts in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia, Alghofaili Sultan
Published: October 2022

The Scarlet Letter serves as both a critique of society and a window into Hawthorne’s thoughts. In opposition to a patriarchal depiction, he wants to allow women’s individuality some room. He does not advocate setting rules and imposing them on the individual to be governed by them. Thus, he created the character of Hester Prynne who appears as commenting upon the situation of women in the 19thand century of New England society. She struggles to win a place in society and she succeeds in winning it in her revolt against the very order that at the first stage humiliates and condemns her, and accepts and honours her later on. The article traces Hester’s individual rebellion in an alien land against an artificially created corrupt religious and moral order which exploits her body and denies her humanity at first and ultimately bows down to her consistent individual morality and actions. In doing so, the article tries to show certain feminist approaches adopted by the author long before feminism would come to the mainstream of literary thoughts.
Recent Advances: From Cell Biology to Cell Therapy in Atherosclerosis
Plaque via Stent Implantation
Authors: Liu Sainan , Li Li , Wang Huanran , Tan Jianying , Wei Lai , Weng Yajun , Chen Junying
Published: October 2022

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial result of complicated pathophysiology.
Changes in the expression of polygenes, coupled with environmental and lifestyle factors,
trigger a cascade of adverse events involving a variety of cell types, such as vascular endothelial
cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. In this review, we summarize the
function and therapeutic targets of atherosclerotic cells. This article reviews the role of
endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, macrophages and foam cells in the development of
atherosclerosis and the progress in the treatment of atherosclerosis by targeting these cells.
Atherosclerotic plaque involves a variety of cells and biomolecules, and its complex biological
environment is a difficult point for the study and treatment of atherosclerosis. For
treating atherosclerosis, a large number of studies emerged based on blocking or inhibiting
factors affecting the formation and development of plaque. Cardiovascular stent intervention
is currently the main method for the treatment of atherosclerosis. In recent decades,
numerous studies on cardiovascular, stents mainly involve drug coating or biomolecular
modification of stents to enhance anti-thrombosis, anti-restenosis and endothelialization.
This paper introduces the research status of cardiovascular stents and new
strategies for surface modification. The treatment of atherosclerosis based on the level of
molecular biology and cell biology is becoming a research hotspot in the coming decades.
Extravaganza of Nanobiotechnology in the Diagnosis and Treatment of
Dementia Patients
Authors: Bhattacharya Sankha
Published: October 2022

Dementia impairs memory, critical thinking, and decision-making. Alzheimer’s disease is
caused by extracellular amyloid fibrils containing the peptide Amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulating in the
brain. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia. A slew of small molecule inhibitors
developed over several decades has targeted dementia and related diseases. The drugs and inhibitors
cannot cross the BBB due to their insurmountable nature. Many molecular nanomedicines
have been developed that can cross the BBB via adsorptive-mediated transcytosis. Drug-loaded
nanosized formulations, such as polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nano transporters, liposomes,
nanoemulsions, exosomes, gold nanoparticles, and dendrimers, have a significant impact on dementia
diagnosis and treatment. This review focuses on recent developments in nanotechnology-based
drug delivery systems for dementia and related disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Recent advances
in nanotechnology may help overcome drug delivery limitations for dementia therapy.
Nanoparticles' size, composition, and structural variety bring up new therapeutic possibilities, including
treating and diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases. It is possible to enhance therapeutic effectiveness
by enhancing pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, water solubility, and stability under physiological
conditions while reducing adverse effects by restricting their location in healthy tissues.
The Mechanistic Role of Different Mediators in the Pathophysiology of
Nephropathy: A Review
Authors: Dhingra Ashwani K. , Singh Jaspreet , Jain Akash , Bhamra Rashmi , Rathi Vaibhav
Published: October 2022

Nephropathy has become the most common reason for end-stage renal disease worldwide. The progression of end-stage renal disease occurs caused by decreased glomerular filtration rate, damage to capillaries in renal glomeruli or a higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. The involvement of mechanism in the development of nephropathy via generation of AGEs, the elevation of growth factors, altered hemodynamic and metabolic factors, inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress and dyslipidaemia. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease in India will rise from 3.7 million in 1990 to 7.63 million in 2020 becoming the main cause of mortality and morbidity. The pathogenesis of nephropathy mediates by various molecules that cause alterations in the structure and function of the kidney like growth factors, endothelins, transforming growth factor (TGF-β), and Angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE), fibronectin and pro-inflammatory cytokines, mast cells and dyslipidemia. Growth factors like VEGF, IGFs, PDGF, EGFR and TGF-β contribute to excessive extracellular matrix accumulation, together with thickening of the glomerular and tubular basement membranes and an increase in the mesangial matrix, leading to glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Oxidative stress and inflammation factors like TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 are hypothesized to play a role in the development of pathological changes in nephropathy like renal hyperfiltration and hypertrophy, thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), glomerular lesion and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Dyslipidemia is involved in the progression of nephropathy by impaired action of lipoprotein lipase, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transferase protein (CETP) resulting in the increased level of LDL-C, Triglyceride level and decrease HDL-C that enhance macrophage infiltration, excessive extracellular matrix production and accelerate inflammation with the development of proteinuria. Interruption in the RAS, oxidative stress and dyslipidemia have yielded much better results in terms of reno-protection and progression of nephropathy. In this review, we would focus on various factors that have been shown to contribute to renal injury in many experimental models of nephropathy.