bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mise en récit, narrativité et symbolisation : la médiation conte avec les adolescents
Authors: Costantino Charlotte
Published: February 2016

À partir d’un dispositif à médiation proposé à des adolescents hospitalisés et utilisant le conte comme médiateur, l’auteure interroge, à partir des théorisations actuelles sur ce médium, la dynamique potentielle de cette médiation à partir d’une expérimentation clinique en institution : comment œuvre-t-elle à la transformation des contenus les plus archaïques, les plus crus et les moins secondarisés en représentations plus symbolisées ? De quelle manière le dispositif peut-il initier une tentative d’organiser le chaos et l’incompris, le mystérieux et l’inquiétante étrangeté, en écho aux mécanismes oniriques ? Comment la création collective d’un conte et la dynamique narrative s’appuyant sur les associations du groupe des patients engagent-elles un travail de transformation de l’impensé, de l’impensable, en représentations acceptables pour le sujet lui-même et partageables dans une perspective intersubjective ?
Apprendre à penser avec Hermès
Authors: Boimare Serge
Published: February 2016

À partir de l’exemple du soutien psychopédagogique d’un enfant de 12 ans en grande difficulté scolaire, l’auteur, psychopédagogue, explore les compétences psychologiques qui, lorsqu’elles ne sont pas acquises, entraînent l’impossibilité d’affronter les contraintes de l’apprentissage. L’auteur montre alors comment l’on peut s’appuyer sur un nourrissage culturel, et plus particulièrement un récit mythologique, pour réconcilier un enfant avec la pensée. Il expose en quoi les mots et le récit peuvent permettre de tempérer des émotions infantiles excessives et d’amorcer une démarche réflexive et un processus de construction d’un monde interne plus riche et sécurisé.
La méthode à médiation Photolangage © et les processus de figurabilité
Authors: Mitsopoulou-Sonta Aglaïa-Lila
Published: February 2016

L’importance du groupe à médiation avec la méthode de Photolangage © est non négligeable dans le milieu thérapeutique car il offre au patient la possibilité d’accéder dans une figuration de ce qui jusqu’à ce moment reste non représentable. Dans cet article, l’auteur présente des vignettes cliniques d’un groupe thérapeutique en portant son intérêt sur le cas d’Amélie afin d’illustrer comment elle commence à accéder et à s’approprier son affect et son histoire.
Ali et la relance du désir au groupe à médiation photo
Authors: Le Thomas Marie , de Raucourt Marine
Published: February 2016

Dans cet article, les auteures, psychologues cliniciennes, démontrent comment les capacités de verbalisation et de symbolisation, étouffées par une addiction, peuvent être sollicitées par le biais d’un groupe à médiation thérapeutique utilisant un médium photo, le Sensimage © . Elles s’appuient plus particulièrement dans leurs réflexions sur les conceptions de C. Vacheret sur la médiation thérapeutique par la photographie ainsi que sur les travaux de R. Roussillon sur la métapsychologie de ces dispositifs de soin. Elles démontrent, au travers de la prise en charge en groupe d’un patient polytoxicomane, que le recours au percept va déterminer un raccrochage à la réalité extérieure favorisant l’ouverture d’un espace intérieur, permettant alors de colmater un vide psychique et un défaut d’intériorisation des objets. Par ailleurs, être attendu par le thérapeute d’abord, puis par le groupe va permettre l’ouverture d’une place dans le désir de l’autre et amener le patient à questionner son propre désir.
Au commencement était le meurtre...
Authors: Chiantaretto Jean-François
Published: February 2016

Le cas présenté amène à aborder l’autodestructivité sous l’angle du « mal-accueil de l’être » et de son accueil dans le contre-transfert et le transfert de l’analyste. La perspective ainsi ouverte vient interroger l’inanalysé et l’inanalysable de la relation Freud-Ferenczi, qui fait œuvre de vie et de mort. De l’inauguration de la scène analytique jusqu’à la clinique la plus contemporaine.
Accueil ou écueil de la destructivité chez l’enfant et ses liens avec le sentiment inconscient de culpabilité
Authors: Cohen de Lara Aline
Published: February 2016

À partir du cas clinique d’une enfant adoptée, potentiellement « mal accueillie » dans la vie, l’article porte sur les apports du texte de Ferenczi « L’enfant mal accueilli et sa pulsion de mort » (1929), dans la pratique de la psychanalyse avec des enfants aux prises avec une destructivité peu liée, évoquant certes leur pulsion de mort mais aussi l’intensité du sentiment inconscient de culpabilité.
Contrainte de mourir, contrainte de rêver
Authors: Marinov Vladimir
Published: February 2016

L’enfance d’Omar, reconstruite à partir d’une psychothérapie menée à l’âge adulte, montre la genèse de la contrainte à mourir régnant sur sa vie. Mais la psychothérapie montre aussi comment l’activité onirique peut contribuer à aménager partiellement le délire, jusqu’à ouvrir un espace pour l’écriture poétique.
De la déroute de l’analyste
Authors: Réfabert Philippe
Published: February 2016

Certains analysants conduisent l’analyste au bord de la déroute. L’issue de la cure dépend de la capacité de l’analyste de reconnaître ce qui lui est, tout à la fois, le plus propre et le plus étranger.
René Worms, un sociologue “sans qualités” ? Éclairage biographique
Authors: Savoye Antoine , Audren Frédéric
Published: February 2016

Après avoir évoqué le milieu familial et la formation initiale de René Worms, l’article dresse un inventaire de son activité foisonnante, lui qui fut, tour à tour et, parfois, simultanément, membre du Conseil d’État, enseignant universitaire, militant de l’éducation populaire et de la mutualité, membre de plusieurs académies et sociétés savantes, fondateur et animateur de cercles sociologiques et sociologue lui-même... Cet itinéraire, loin d’être le fait d’un éclectique touche-à-tout, reflète la conception de R. Worms d’une sociologie « philosophie des sciences sociales ».
La Société de sociologie de Paris : un continent méconnu (1895-1952)
Authors: Rol Cécile
Published: February 2016

Fondée en 1895, la Société de sociologie de Paris (SSP) fut l’un des organes importants que René Worms mit sur pieds pour institutionnaliser sa conception de la sociologie. Cet article dresse un état des lieux, préalable indispensable à l’établissement de son histoire. Il offre un aperçu de sa naissance, de sa composition, de ses activités et de sa disparition, avec, en annexe, la liste des membres de la SSP qu’il a été possible de reconstituer.
Um caleidoscópio de perspectivas sobre o sistema público de escrituração digital - SPED
Authors: Jordão Ricardo Vinícius Dias , Silva Milton Santos , Brasil Haroldo Guimarães , Vasconcelos Maria Celeste Reis Lobo
Published: February 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8069.2015v12n26p119

A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a percepção de empresários, contadores e órgãos fiscalizadores de Minas Gerais sobre a adoção do Sistema Público de Escrituração Digital (SPED). A pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa do tipo survey baseou-se em um questionário semiestruturado com questões abertas e fechadas, aplicadas a 130 respondentes.  Os resultados evidenciam que o SPED promoveu avanços informacionais e tecnológicos, mais transparência e mudanças culturais; modernizou a sistemática de fiscalização e arrecadação; provocou inovação em sistemas e processos contábeis, empresariais e governamentais; e exigiu o aprendizado de novas metodologias, processos e tecnologias. Isso aumentou a eficiência tributária do governo e trouxe significativos impactos organizacionais, exigindo que as empresas inovassem em seus processos corporativos e de negócios. No geral, os resultados mostraram que os dirigentes de empresas, contadores e órgãos fiscalizadores precisam se preparar melhor para o uso do SPED e suas inovações, aperfeiçoando e investindo em atividades de gestão tributária.
O conhecimento em Governança Corporativa
Authors: Machado Junior Celso , Palmisano Angelo , Mazzali Leonel , Campanário Milton Abreu
Published: February 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8069.2015v12n26p99

O entendimento da Governança Corporativa se destaca tanto nas estruturas organizacionais quanto na acadêmica. O melhor entendimento desse campo estabelece o objetivo deste estudo de identificar se o conhecimento em Governança Corporativa no Brasil está legitimado. Para atender às propostas deste estudo, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa, utilizando a técnica do data mining. A análise dos dados possibilitou identificar que as obras dos autores Ricardo Pereira Câmara, Alexandre Di Miceli da Silveira, Rubens Famá e Richard Saito encontram-se legitimadas. Dos dez pesquisadores considerados como legitimados seis são internacionais. A pesquisa identificou 193 artigos elaborados por 359 autores, com uma distribuição próxima à da Lei de Lotka, que possibilita identificar um pequeno núcleo de autores com muitas publicações. Verificou-se que 55 revistas publicaram artigos voltados à Governança Corporativa e se posicionam como importantes instrumentos de legitimação desse campo científico no que tange ao conhecimento.

 
Properties of young contrails – a parametrisation based on large-eddy simulations
Authors: Unterstrasser Simon
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Contrail–cirrus is probably the largest climate forcing from aviation. The evolution of contrail–cirrus and its radiative impact depends not only on a multitude of atmospheric parameters, but also on the geometric and microphysical properties of the young contrails evolving into contrail–cirrus. The early evolution of contrails (t  <  5 min) is dominated by an interplay of ice microphysics and wake vortex dynamics. Young contrails may undergo a fast vertical expansion due to a descent of the wake vortices and may lose a substantial fraction of their ice crystals due to adiabatic heating. The geometric depth H and total ice crystal number N of young contrails are highly variable and depend on many environmental and aircraft parameters. Both properties, H and N, affect the later properties of the evolving contrail–cirrus, as they control the extent of shear-induced spreading and sedimentation losses. In this study, we provide parametrisations of H and N after 5 min taking into account the effects of temperature, relative humidity, thermal stratification and aircraft type (mass, wing span, fuel burn). The parametrisations rely on a large data set of recent large-eddy simulations of young contrails. They are suited to be incorporated in larger-scale models in order to refine the present-day contrail initialisations by considering the processes that strongly affect the contrail evolution during the vortex phase.
Analysis of isothermal and cooling-rate-dependent immersion freezing by a unifying stochastic ice nucleation model
Authors: Alpert Peter A. , Knopf Daniel A.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Immersion freezing is an important ice nucleation pathway involved in the formation of cirrus and mixed-phase clouds. Laboratory immersion freezing experiments are necessary to determine the range in temperature, T, and relative humidity, RH, at which ice nucleation occurs and to quantify the associated nucleation kinetics. Typically, isothermal (applying a constant temperature) and cooling-rate-dependent immersion freezing experiments are conducted. In these experiments it is usually assumed that the droplets containing ice nucleating particles (INPs) all have the same INP surface area (ISA); however, the validity of this assumption or the impact it may have on analysis and interpretation of the experimental data is rarely questioned. Descriptions of ice active sites and variability of contact angles have been successfully formulated to describe ice nucleation experimental data in previous research; however, we consider the ability of a stochastic freezing model founded on classical nucleation theory to reproduce previous results and to explain experimental uncertainties and data scatter. A stochastic immersion freezing model based on first principles of statistics is presented, which accounts for variable ISA per droplet and uses parameters including the total number of droplets, Ntot, and the heterogeneous ice nucleation rate coefficient, Jhet(T). This model is applied to address if (i) a time and ISA-dependent stochastic immersion freezing process can explain laboratory immersion freezing data for different experimental methods and (ii) the assumption that all droplets contain identical ISA is a valid conjecture with subsequent consequences for analysis and interpretation of immersion freezing. The simple stochastic model can reproduce the observed time and surface area dependence in immersion freezing experiments for a variety of methods such as: droplets on a cold-stage exposed to air or surrounded by an oil matrix, wind and acoustically levitated droplets, droplets in a continuous-flow diffusion chamber (CFDC), the Leipzig aerosol cloud interaction simulator (LACIS), and the aerosol interaction and dynamics in the atmosphere (AIDA) cloud chamber. Observed time-dependent isothermal frozen fractions exhibiting non-exponential behavior can be readily explained by this model considering varying ISA. An apparent cooling-rate dependence of Jhet is explained by assuming identical ISA in each droplet. When accounting for ISA variability, the cooling-rate dependence of ice nucleation kinetics vanishes as expected from classical nucleation theory. The model simulations allow for a quantitative experimental uncertainty analysis for parameters Ntot, T, RH, and the ISA variability. The implications of our results for experimental analysis and interpretation of the immersion freezing process are discussed.
Sensitivity of urban boundary layer dynamics to surface characteristics of built terrains
Authors: Song Jiyun , Wang Zhi-Hua
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Urban land–atmosphere interactions can be captured by numerical modeling framework by coupling the land surface processes and atmospheric dynamics, while the model performance depends largely on accurate input parameters. In this study, we use an advanced stochastic approach to quantify parameter uncertainty and model sensitivity of a coupled numerical framework for urban land–atmosphere interactions. It is found that the development of urban boundary layer is highly sensitive to surface characteristics of built terrains. In addition, hydrothermal properties of conventional and green roofs have different impacts on atmospheric dynamics due to different surface energy partitioning mechanisms. As far as atmospheric physical dynamics in the convective boundary layer is concerned, the fraction of paved/vegetated terrains imposes more significant impact than the urban morphology. The sensitivity analysis deepens our insight into the fundamental physics of urban land–atmosphere interactions and provides useful guidance for urban planning under challenges of changing climate and urban expansions.
Software to analyze the relationship between aerosol, clouds, and precipitation: SAMAC
Authors: Gagné S. , MacDonald L. P. , Leaitch W. R. , Pierce J. R.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The analysis of aircraft-based measurements of clouds is critical for studies of aerosol and of clouds. Many such measurements have been taken, but it is difficult to compare such data across instruments, flights and campaigns. We present a new open-source software program, SAMAC (Software for Airborne Measurements of Aerosol and Clouds), that may enable a more systematic and comparable approach to the analysis of aerosol–cloud–precipitation data. The software offers a cooperative and reproducible approach to the analysis of aircraft measurements of clouds across campaigns. SAMAC is an object-oriented software program in which a cloud is an object; all the data related to a cloud is contained in the cloud object. The cloud objects come with built-in methods and functions that allow for the quick generation of basic plots and calculations, SAMAC provides a quick view of the data set and may be used to compare clouds and to filter for specific characteristics. Other researchers can readily use already submitted algorithms once their data is placed in the cloud structure provided, and they can contribute their own algorithms to the software for others to see and use. This approach would improve comparability, reproducibility and transparency by allowing others to replicate results and test the same algorithms on different data. SAMAC can be downloaded at https://github.com/StephGagne/SAMAC/releases.
Periodic waves in the lower thermosphere observed by OI630 nm airglow images
Authors: Paulino I. , Medeiros A. F. , Vadas S. L. , Wrasse C. M. , Takahashi H. , Buriti R. A. , Leite D. , Filgueira S. , Bageston J. V. , Sobral J. H. A. , Gobbi D.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Periodic wave structures in the thermosphere have been observed at São João do Cariri (geographic coordinates: 36.5° W, 7.4° S; geomagnetic coordinates based on IGRF model to 2015: 35.8° E, 0.48° N) from September 2000 to November 2010 using OI630.0 nm airglow images. During this period, which corresponds to almost one solar cycle, characteristics of 98 waves were studied. Similarities between the characteristics of these events and observations at other places around the world were noted, primarily the spectral parameters. The observed periods were mostly found between 10 and 35 min; horizontal wavelengths ranged from 100 to 200 km, and phase speed from 30 to 180 m s−1. These parameters indicated that some of the waves, presented here, are slightly faster than those observed previously at low and middle latitudes (Indonesia, Carib and Japan), indicating that the characteristics of these waves may change at different places. Most of observed waves have appeared during magnetically quiet nights, and the occurrence of those waves followed the solar activity. Another important characteristic is the quasi-monochromatic periodicity that distinguish them from the single-front medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) that have been observed previously over the Brazilian region. Moreover, most of the observed waves did not present a phase front parallel to the northeast–southwest direction, which is predicted by the Perkins instability process. It strongly suggests that most of these waves must have had different generation mechanisms from the Perkins instability, which have been pointed out as being a very important mechanism for the generation of MSTIDs in the lower thermosphere.
Oxygen isotope fractionation during N2O production by soil denitrification
Authors: Lewicka-Szczebak Dominika , Dyckmans Jens , Kaiser Jan , Marca Alina , Augustin Jürgen , Well Reinhard
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The isotopic composition of soil-derived N2O can help differentiate between N2O production pathways and estimate the fraction of N2O reduced to N2. Until now, δ18O of N2O has been rarely used in the interpretation of N2O isotopic signatures because of the rather complex oxygen isotope fractionations during N2O production by denitrification. The latter process involves nitrate reduction mediated through the following three enzymes: nitrate reductase (NAR), nitrite reductase (NIR) and nitric oxide reductase (NOR). Each step removes one oxygen atom as water (H2O), which gives rise to a branching isotope effect. Moreover, denitrification intermediates may partially or fully exchange oxygen isotopes with ambient water, which is associated with an exchange isotope effect. The main objective of this study was to decipher the mechanism of oxygen isotope fractionation during N2O production by soil denitrification and, in particular, to investigate the relationship between the extent of oxygen isotope exchange with soil water and the δ18O values of the produced N2O. In our soil incubation experiments Δ17O isotope tracing was applied for the first time to simultaneously determine the extent of oxygen isotope exchange and any associated oxygen isotope effect. We found that N2O formation in static anoxic incubation experiments was typically associated with oxygen isotope exchange close to 100 % and a stable difference between the 18O ∕ 16O ratio of soil water and the N2O product of δ18O(N2O ∕ H2O)  =  (17.5 ± 1.2) ‰. However, flow-through experiments gave lower oxygen isotope exchange down to 56 % and a higher δ18O(N2O ∕ H2O) of up to 37 ‰. The extent of isotope exchange and δ18O(N2O ∕ H2O) showed a significant correlation (R2 = 0.70, p <  0.00001). We hypothesize that this observation was due to the contribution of N2O from another production process, most probably fungal denitrification. An oxygen isotope fractionation model was used to test various scenarios with different magnitudes of branching isotope effects at different steps in the reduction process. The results suggest that during denitrification, isotope exchange occurs prior to isotope branching and that this exchange is mostly associated with the enzymatic nitrite reduction mediated by NIR. For bacterial denitrification, the branching isotope effect can be surprisingly low, about (0.0 ± 0.9) ‰, in contrast to fungal denitrification where higher values of up to 30 ‰ have been reported previously. This suggests that δ18O might be used as a tracer for differentiation between bacterial and fungal denitrification, due to their different magnitudes of branching isotope effects.
Drivers of atmospheric methane uptake by montane forest soils in the southern Peruvian Andes
Authors: Jones S. P. , Diem T. , Huaraca Quispe L. P. , Cahuana A. J. , Reay D. S. , Meir P. , Teh Y. A.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The soils of tropical montane forests can act as sources or sinks of atmospheric methane (CH4). Understanding this activity is important in regional atmospheric CH4 budgets, given that these ecosystems account for substantial portions of the landscape in mountainous areas like the Andes. Here we investigate the drivers of CH4 fluxes from premontane, lower and upper montane forests, experiencing a seasonal climate, in southeastern Peru. Between February 2011 and June 2013, these soils all functioned as net sinks for atmospheric CH4. Mean (standard error) net CH4 fluxes for the dry and wet season were −1.6 (0.1) and −1.1 (0.1) mg CH4 – C m−2 d−1 in the upper montane forest; −1.1 (0.1) and −1.0 (0.1) mg CH4 – C m−2 d−1 in the lower montane forest; and −0.2 (0.1) and −0.1 (0.1) mg CH4 – C m−2 d−1 in the premontane forest. Variations among forest types were best explained by available nitrate and water-filled pore space, indicating that nitrate inhibition of oxidation or diffusional constraints imposed by changes in water-filled pore space on methanotrophic communities represent important controls on soil-atmosphere CH4 exchange. Seasonality in CH4 exchange varied among forests with an increase in wet season net CH4 flux only apparent in the upper montane forest. Net CH4 flux was inversely related to elevation; a pattern that differs to that observed in Ecuador, the only other extant study site of soil-atmosphere CH4 exchange in the tropical Andes. This may result from differences in rainfall patterns between the regions, suggesting that attention should be paid to the role of rainfall and soil moisture dynamics in modulating CH4 uptake by the organic-rich soils typical of high elevation tropical forests.
Late Cretaceous (late Campanian–Maastrichtian) sea-surface temperature record of the Boreal Chalk Sea
Authors: Thibault Nicolas , Harlou Rikke , Schovsbo Niels H. , Stemmerik Lars , Surlyk Finn
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The last 8 Myr of the Cretaceous greenhouse interval were characterized by a progressive global cooling with superimposed cool/warm fluctuations. The mechanisms responsible for these climatic fluctuations remain a source of debate that can only be resolved through multi-disciplinary studies and better time constraints. For the first time, we present a record of very high-resolution (ca. 4.5 kyr) sea-surface temperature (SST) changes from the Boreal epicontinental Chalk Sea (Stevns-1 core, Denmark), tied to an astronomical timescale of the late Campanian–Maastrichtian (74 to 66 Ma). Well-preserved bulk stable isotope trends and calcareous nannofossil palaeoecological patterns from the fully cored Stevns-1 borehole show marked changes in SSTs. These variations correlate with deep-water records of climate change from the tropical South Atlantic and Pacific oceans but differ greatly from the climate variations of the North Atlantic. We demonstrate that the onset and end of the early Maastrichtian cooling and of the large negative Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary carbon isotope excursion are coincident in the Chalk Sea. The direct link between SSTs and δ13C variations in the Chalk Sea reassesses long-term glacio-eustasy as the potential driver of carbon isotope and climatic variations in the Maastrichtian.
A land surface model combined with a crop growth model for paddy rice (MATCRO-Rice Ver. 1) – Part I: Model description
Authors: Masutomi Yuji , Ono Keisuke , Mano Masayoshi , Maruyama Atsushi , Miyata Akira
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Crop growth and agricultural management can affect climate at various spatial and temporal scales through the exchange of heat, water, and gases between land and atmosphere. Therefore, accurate simulation of fluxes for heat, water, and gases from agricultural land is important for climate simulations. A land surface model (LSM) combined with a crop growth model (CGM), called LSM-CGM combined model, is a useful tool for simulating these fluxes from agricultural land. Therefore, we developed a new LSM-CGM combined model for paddy rice fields, the MATCRO-Rice model. The main objective of this paper is to present the full description of MATCRO-Rice. The most important feature of MATCRO-Rice is that it can consistently simulate latent and sensible heat fluxes, net carbon flux, and crop yield by exchanging variables between the LSM and CGM. This feature enables us to apply the model to a wide range of integrated issues.
Effects of a deep-rooted crop and soil amended with charcoal on spatial and temporal runoff patterns in a degrading tropical highland watershed
Authors: Bayabil Haimanote K. , Tebebu Tigist Y. , Stoof Cathelijne R. , Steenhuis Tammo S.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Placement and hence performance of many soil and water conservation structures in tropical highlands has proven to be challenging due to uncertainty of the actual location of runoff-generating areas in the landscape. This is the case especially in the (sub-)humid areas of the Ethiopian highlands, resulting in limited success of such conservation measures. To improve understanding of the effect of land use on spatial and temporal runoff patterns in the Ethiopian highlands, we monitored runoff volumes from 24 runoff plots constructed in the 113 ha Anjeni watershed, where historical data of rainfall and stream discharge were available. In addition, we assessed the effectiveness of charcoal amendment of the soil and crop rooting depth in reducing runoff, and we compared the effect of lupine (a deep-rooted crop) to that of barley. We also measured daily rainfall, surface runoff, and root zone moisture contents during the monsoon seasons of 2012 and 2013 (with all plots being tilled in 2012, but only barley plots tilled in 2013). In addition, we analyzed long-term surface runoff from four plots, and outlet discharge data from the research site (1989–1993) were analyzed and compared with our observations. Results showed that the degrees of soil degradation and soil disturbance (tillage) were significant factors affecting plot-scale runoff responses. As expected, runoff was greater from more degraded soils. Overall, under the commonly applied lupine cropping practice, runoff was higher than under the commonly applied barley cropping practice. In particular, considerable difference was observed during smaller rainfall events (approximately < 20 mm) in 2013, when lupine plots (non-tilled) had greater runoff than barley plots (tilled). Charcoal tended to decrease runoff, but results were not significant.
Bias correcting precipitation forecasts to improve the skill of seasonal streamflow forecasts
Authors: Crochemore Louise , Ramos M.-H. , Pappenberger Florian
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Meteorological centres make sustained efforts to provide seasonal forecasts that are increasingly skilful, which has the potential to benefit streamflow forecasting. Seasonal streamflow forecasts can help to take anticipatory measures for a range of applications, such as water supply or hydropower reservoir operation and drought risk management. This study assesses the skill of seasonal precipitation and streamflow forecasts in France to provide insights into the way bias correcting precipitation forecasts can improve the skill of streamflow forecasts at extended lead times. We apply eight variants of bias correction approaches to the precipitation forecasts prior to generating the streamflow forecasts. The approaches are based on the linear scaling and the distribution mapping methods. A daily hydrological model is applied at the catchment scale to transform precipitation into streamflow. We then evaluate the skill of raw (without bias correction) and bias corrected precipitation and streamflow ensemble forecasts in sixteen catchments in France. The skill of the ensemble forecasts is assessed in reliability, sharpness, accuracy, and overall performance. A reference prediction system, based on historical observed precipitation and catchment initial conditions at the time of forecast (i.e., ESP method), is used as benchmark in the computation of the skill. The results show that, in most catchments, raw seasonal precipitation and streamflow forecasts are often more skilful than the conventional ESP method in terms of sharpness. However, they are not significantly better in terms of reliability. Forecast skill is generally improved when applying bias correction. Two bias correction methods show the best performance for the studied catchments, each method being more successful in improving specific attributes of the forecasts: the simple linear scaling of monthly values contribute mainly to increasing forecast sharpness and accuracy, while the empirical distribution mapping of daily values is successful in improving forecast reliability.
Satellite-Derived Light Extinction Coefficient and its Impact on Thermal Structure Simulations in a 1-D Lake Model
Authors: Zolfaghari Kiana , Duguay Claude R. , Kheyrollah Pour Homa
Published: February 2016

Abstract. One essential optical parameter to specify in lake models is water clarity, which is parameterized based on the light extinction coefficient (Kd). A global constant value of Kd is usually specified in lake models. One-dimensional (1-D) lake models are most often used as lake parameterization schemes in numerical weather prediction and regional climate models. This study aimed to improve the performance of the 1-D Freshwater Lake (FLake) model using satellite-derived Kd for Lake Erie. The CoastColour algorithm is applied to MERIS satellite imagery to estimate Kd and evaluated against Kd derived from Secchi disk depth (SDD) field-based measurements collected during Lake Erie cruises. A good agreement is found between field and satellite-derived Kd (RMSE = 0.63 m-1, MBE = −0.09 m-1, I_a = 0.65) (in situ data was collected in 2004, 2005, 2008, 2011, 2012). The constant (0.2 m-1) and satellite-derived Kd values as well as radiation fluxes and meteorological station observations are then used to run FLake at the location of a buoy where lake surface water temperature (LSWT) was measured in 2008. Results improved compared to using a constant Kd value (0.2 m-1) (lake-specific yearly average Kd value: RMSE = 1.54 ºC, MBE = −0.08 ºC; constant Kd value: RMSE = 1.76 ºC, MBE = −1.26 ºC). No significant improvement is found in FLake simulated LSWT when Kd variations in time are considered using a monthly average. Therefore, results suggest that a time-independent, lake-specific, and constant satellite-derived Kd value can reproduce LSWT with sufficient accuracy. A sensitivity analysis is also performed to assess the impact of various Kd values on the simulation of mean water column temperature (MWCT), mixed layer depth (MLD), water temperature isotherms as well as ice dates and thickness. Results show that FLake is sensitive to variations in Kd to estimate the thermal structure of Lake Erie. Dark waters result in warmer spring and colder fall temperatures compare to clear waters. Dark waters always produce warmer MWCT, shallower MLD, longer ice cover duration, and thicker ice. The sensitivity of FLake to Kd variations is more pronounced in the simulation of MWCT and MLD. The model is particularly sensitive to Kd values below 0.5 m-1. This is the first study to assess the value of integrating Kd from the satellite-based CoastColour algorithm into the FLake model. Satellite-derived Kd is found to be a useful input parameter for simulations with FLake and possibly other lake models, and with potential for applicability to other lakes where Kd is not commonly measured.
A Quaternary fault database for central Asia
Authors: Mohadjer Solmaz , Ehlers Todd Alan , Bendick Rebecca , Stübner Konstanze , Strube Timo
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Earthquakes represent the highest risk in terms of potential loss of lives and economic damage for central Asian countries. Knowledge of fault location and behavior is essential in calculating and mapping seismic hazard. Previous efforts in compiling fault information for central Asia have generated a large amount of data that are published in limited-access journals with no digital maps publicly available, or are limited in their description of important fault parameters such as slip rates. This study builds on previous work by improving access to fault information through a web-based interactive map and an online database with search capabilities that allow users to organize data by different fields. The data presented in this compilation include fault location, its geographic, seismic, and structural characteristics, short descriptions, narrative comments, and references to peer-reviewed publications. The interactive map displays 1196 fault traces and 34 000 earthquake locations on a shaded-relief map. The online database contains attributes for 123 faults mentioned in the literature, with Quaternary and geodetic slip rates reported for 38 and 26 faults respectively, and earthquake history reported for 39 faults. All data are accessible for viewing and download via http://www.geo.uni-tuebingen.de/faults/. This work has implications for seismic hazard studies in central Asia as it summarizes important fault parameters, and can reduce earthquake risk by enhancing public access to information. It also allows scientists and hazard assessment teams to identify structures and regions where data gaps exist and future investigations are needed.
How Much Cryosphere Model Complexity is Just Right? Exploration Using the Conceptual Cryrosphere Hydrology Framework
Authors: Mosier Thomas M. , Hill David F. , Sharp Kendra V.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Robustly understanding connections between the climate, cryosphere, and streamflow is necessary to make informed decisions regarding water resources in mountainous regions. Conceptual models, for instance variations on simple degree-index (SDI) or enhanced temperature index (ETI) formulations of cryosphere heat transfer and melt, are often applied in mountain environments. SDI and ETI models perform relatively well over short time periods or small geographic extents, but their performance is known to degrade over longer periods or across larger geographic regions, which makes them ill-suited for climate change impact studies. Our work seeks to quantitatively assess differences in performance of multiple existing and novel conceptual cryosphere model formulations across climatic conditions and geographic regions. To accomplish this, we present the Conceptual Cryosphere Hydrology Framework (CCHF), which is a set of coupled process modules, computational engine, and analysis tools, to assess the accuracy and precision of conceptual cryosphere models. We compare existing SDI and ETI formulations and novel conceptual cryosphere process modules that include net longwave radiation in the heat transfer formulation (termed the Longwave, Shortwave, Temperature – LST – formulation) and a cold content representation of the snowpack internal energy. We implement the CCHF for the Gulkana and Wolverine glaciated watersheds in Alaska, which have markedly different climates and contain longterm US Geological Survey benchmark glaciers. Overall, of the models tested, the LST heat representation with a cold content internal energy representation is the most accurate and precise model. The CCHF is open-source and we encourage interested parties to use it to identify further refinements to cryosphere model formulations.
Collaboration with Suppliers and Lead Users in New Product Development and Open Innovation: Empirical Evidence from Jordanian Companies
Authors: Al-Zu'bi Zu'bi M. F.
Published: February 2016

This study aims to investigate the effects of collaboration with suppliers and lead users in new product development on open innovation in Jordanian manufacturing companies. Data was collected from 132 companies in two industries; machinery and electronics, and hierarchical regression analysis used to test the study hypotheses, with control variables of company age, company size, and length of relationship applied to avoid their potential bias. The results show that supplier collaboration in new product development does not significantly affect open innovation, while collaboration with lead users positively and significantly affects open innovation.
First-Year Seminar (FYS)—The Advantages That This Course Offers
Authors: Jaijairam Paul
Published: February 2016

First-Year Seminar (FYS) is an introductory class offered to first-year students to help them acclimate to the college environment, develop effective strategies for studying, and learn techniques that will allow them to swiftly complete small assignments and sizable research projects. In 2014, approximately 80 percent of universities offered FYS, and students who took the course, on average, were less likely to transfer to another school and more likely to receive higher grades. The class allows students to learn more information about the college, select courses that are related to their majors and/or minors, effectively utilize resources while they are studying, cooperate with other students to complete projects, and appreciate the benefits of taking a particular course. FYS also enriches the experiences of first-year students by helping them find organizations of interest, understand university policies, and pursue hobbies while attending the college. At some colleges, students who have already taken a FYS course volunteer to become mentors who provide assistance to first-year students while they are taking the class. Analysis has shown that a high percentage of new enrollees indicated that mentors had a very positive impact on their overall experiences. Moreover, at many colleges and universities, there were increases in the retention rate.
Expansion of Residential Colonies and Conversion of Farmland in Bahawalpur City, Pakistan: A Temporal View
Authors: Muhammad Mohsin  , Muhammad Nasaru Minallah  , Asad Ali Khan
Published: February 2016

This study focuses on the issue of farmland conversion into housing colonies in Bahawalpur City. In order to understand the magnitude of this issue, data of 102 sample colonies was collected for the period of 1950-2011 through field survey and secondary sources including TMA Bahawalpur City. The year of establishment, area occupied and legal status of colonies were recorded and the data were aggregated into 10-year categories for analysis and to produce temporal maps. Results indicate that during the last 61 years, an area of 1,142 acres (462.15 hectares) had been converted to 102 colonies at an average rate of 18.72 acres per year. Among these colonies only 18 were approved by concerned authorities whereas 84 were not approved legally. Approved colonies occupy an area of just 197 acres (17.25% of the total) whereas non-approved colonies and towns cover a huge area of 945 acres (82.74%). The conversion of farmland fluctuated substantially over time. During the period of 1950-1960 merely seven colonies were built which consumed an area of 97 acres indicating a conversion rate of 9.7 acres per year, while during the period of 2000-2010 a total of 32 colonies were built that consumed an area of 422 acres (170.77 hectares) indicating conversion rate of 42.2 acres per year. These findings indicate that the rate of farmland conversion is accelerating. If this trend goes unchecked, the problem of farmland conversion may change into a serious threat for future food supplies. This study identified several suggestions to tackle the issue.
Evaluation of The Potential of Amaranth Flour for Lactic Acid Fermentation
Authors: Z. Matejčeková  , D. Liptáková  , Ľ. Valík
Published: February 2016

Although cereals and pseudocereals are deficient in some basic components, fermentation process is the most economical and simple way, how to improve nutritional value, functional qualities and sensory properties of the final products. In our study, we focused on the evaluation of amaranth flour for preparation of new probiotic functional foods suitable for celiac patients. That is why the growth dynamics of several Lactobacillus sp. in amaranth mashes were evaluated. All the monitored strains showed sufficient growth in mashes (growth rates of lactobacilli ranged from 0.73 to 1.52 h-1). Based on the rates, only Lb. rhamnosus VT1 was able to grow with the values higher than 1.38 h-1 in both milk and water based mashes.In the second part of our study, we described behaviour of Lb. rhamnosus GG in amaranth water- or milk- based mashes after 8 h of co-cultivation with Fresco DVS 1010 culture (37 ± 1 °C, 5 % CO2). Final counts after the fermentation reached values 108 CFU.ml-1 and no decrease was recorded during 2-week storage period at 6 ± 1 °C. Thus we may conclude that densities of lactobacilli were able to maintain above the limit of >106 CFU.ml-1 essential from the legislation point of view.
The Effect of Mulberry Fruits Consumption on Lipid Profiles in Hypercholesterolemic Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Anchalee Sirikanchanarod  , Akkarach Bumrungpert  , Wiroje Kaewruang  , Tipanee Senawong  , Patcharanee Pavadhgul
Published: February 2016

Mulberry (Morus alba) fruit is abundant nutrients and phytochemicals, especially anthocyanins. Mulberries have anti-oxidant and anti-hyperlipidaemic effects both in vitroand animal models. However, the effect of mulberry fruits on lipid profiles in human is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of mulberry fruit consumption on lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic subjects. This study is an experimental study, with a randomized controlled trial. Fifty-eight hypercholesterolemic subjects (aged 30-60 years) were recruited. The intervention group received freeze-dried mulberry 45 g (325 mg anthocyanins) per day for six weeks. The control group had their usual dietary intake for the same period of time. After six weeks, mulberry consumption significantly decreased the level of total cholesterol (TC) (- 3.73 % vs. 3.33 %, p < 0.001) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (- 6.53 % vs. 0.15 %, p < 0.001) compared to the control group. No change in triacylglycerol (TAG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Mulberry consumption ameliorates TC and LDL-C concentrations. The mulberry fruits may be an alternative therapy for hypercholesterolemia patients and a cardiovascular disease protective for people in general.
In-Vitro Antioxidant Activity, Acute Oral Toxicity Studies and Preliminary Phytochemical Characterization of the Bark Extract of Terminalia arjuna (L.)
Authors: Samadhan G. Patil  , Bhushan S Bhadane  , Mohini P. Patil  , Sateesh Belemkar  , Ravindra H. Patil
Published: February 2016

The free radicals and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to induce oxidative stress and it has been implicated in the pathology of cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory conditions, cancer and ageing. The activities associated with ROS can bedelayed, prevented or removedby antioxidant compounds (natural or synthetic). The use of synthetic antioxidants restricted because of their known side effects such as liver damage and carcinogenesis. The aim of this study to evaluate in vitro antioxidant and acute oral toxicity of Terminalia arjuna extracts. The present finding reveals that the purified fraction at100 µg/ml, showed maximum (91.32 ± 0.10 %,) DPPH radical scavenging effect in comparison with standard ascorbic acid (79.46 ± 0.10%) at the 10 µg/ml concentration. The reducing power of the purified extract was found to be dose dependent. Food and water intake of the animals in test and control groups was found normal during the 14 day acute oral toxicity studies and no apparent changes were observed in the internal organs of both, the test and control groups, after gross necropsy. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the crude acetone extract revealed dominant presence steroids, terpenoids, polyphenols, alkaloids and tannins. TLC profile of the purified fraction revealed a single band of Rf 0.38, a characteristic feature of triterpenoids. The UV absorption maximum of the purified fraction was recorded at 194nm. The FT-IR spectrum indicated presence of aromatic rings 3421 (COOH), 2957 (alkanes, CH2 and CH3), 1726 (carbonyl), 1599 (carboxylic acid), and region between 1000-1300 stretching of C-O, ester and ether carboxylic group. Thus, the isolated bioactive phytoconstituents form the bark extract of Terminalia arjuna could be used as natural anti-oxidants..
Computation sequences: A way to characterize subclasses of attribute grammars.
Authors: Nielson Hanne Riis
Published: February 2016

A computation sequence for a derivation tree specifies a way of walking through the tree evaluating all the attributes of all nodes. By requiring that each derivation tree has a computation sequence with a certain property, it is possible to give simple characterizations of well-known subclasses of attribute grammars. Especially the absolutely well-defined attribute grammars are considered.
Using computation sequences to define evaluators for attribute grammars
Authors: Nielson Hanne Riis
Published: February 2016

An evaluator for an attribute grammar takes a derivation tree as input and produces a computation sequence for it as output. We give a simple but general construction of an evaluator for any well-defined attribute grammar and we prove its correctness. Evaluators for seueral subclasses of attribute grammars can be constructed by changing a preprocessing stage of the evaluator.
Early Experience from a Multi-Processor Project
Authors: Møller-Nielsen Peter , Staunstrup Jørgen
Published: February 2016

This is an overview of the Multi-Maren multi-processor. Multi-Maren is built to experiment with programs for machines with many independent processors. The report describes the hardware architecture of the machine and gives an overview of how Concurrent Pascal is implemented on the multi-processor.
Mapping Integers and Hensel Codes Onto Farey Fractions
Authors: Kornerup Peter , Gregory R. T.
Published: February 2016

The order-N Farey fractions, where N is the largest integer satisfying N<= ˆ(p-1)/2, can be mapped onto a proper subset of the integers {0,1,...,p-1} in a one-to-one and onto fashion. However, no completely satisfactory algorithm for affecting the inverse mapping (the mapping of the integers back onto the order-N Farey fractions) appears in the literature.

A new algorithm for the inverse mapping problem is described which is based on the Euclidian Algorithm. This algorithm solves the inverse mapping problem for both integers and the Hensel codes.