bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Institutional quality and emigration nexus: Empirical evidence from Türkiye
Authors: Akça Emrah Eray , Çelik Onur
Published: April 2024

This study attempts to fill an important gap in the empirical literature by investigating the impact of institutional quality in destination countries on emigrants from Türkiye using bilateral migration data from 2010 through 2020. For this purpose, the study builds an augmented gravity model, including economic, geographic, and cultural variables in an exponential form and estimates it by the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) method. Empirical results significantly confirm the pulling role of strong institutions in destination countries for emigrants from Türkiye since all institutional quality indicators are positively associated with emigrant movements, albeit just one of them, regulatory quality, is statistically insignificant. Among indicators of institutional quality, the most pulling ones for emigrants are voice and accountability and the rule of law, followed by government effectiveness, control of corruption, and political stability and absence of violence, respectively. Overall results indicate that institutions are front‐line players in the emigrants' migration decision and destination choice process. In this context, policy‐makers in both Türkiye and the destination country may implement an institutional policy considering the outcomes stemming from migration movements.
Management of malignant pleural effusion and trapped lung: a survey of respiratory physicians and thoracic surgeons in Australasia
Authors: Sidhu Calvin , Wright Gavin , Peddle‐McIntyre Carolyn J. , Tan Ai Ling , Lee Yun Chor Gary
Published: April 2024

Background

Malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) are common, and a third of them have underlying trapped lung (TL). Management of MPE and TL is suspected to be heterogeneous. Understanding current practices in Australasia is important in guiding policies and future research.

Aims

Electronic survey of Australia‐New Zealand respiratory physicians, thoracic surgeons and their respective trainees to determine practice of MPE and TL management.

Results

Of the 132 respondents, 56% were respiratory physicians, 23% were surgeons and 20% were trainees. Many respondents defined TL as >25% or any level of incomplete lung expansion; 75% would use large‐volume thoracentesis to determine whether TL was present. For patients with TL, indwelling pleural catheters (IPCs) were the preferred treatment irrespective of prognosis. In those without TL, surgical pleurodesis was the most common choice if prognosis was >6 months, whereas IPC was the preferred option if survival was <3 months. Only 5% of respondents considered decortication having a definite role in TL, but 55% would consider it in select cases. Forty‐nine per cent of surgeons would not perform decortication when the lung does not fully expand intra‐operatively. Perceived advantages of IPCs were minimisation of hospital time, effusion re‐intervention and usefulness irrespective of TL status. Perceived disadvantages of IPCs were lack of suitable drainage care, potentially indefinite duration of catheter‐in‐situ and catheter complications.

Conclusion

This survey highlights the lack of definition of TL and heterogeneity of MPE management in Australasia, especially for patients with expandable lungs. This survey also identified the main hurdles of IPC use that should be targeted.
Comparative analysis of pressure ulcer development in stroke patients within and outside healthcare facilities: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yu Guifen , Sun Changqing , Hao Sha , Wu Hui
Published: April 2024

The risk of pressure ulcers in stroke patients is a significant concern, impacting their recovery and quality of life. This systematic review and meta‐analysis investigate the prevalence and risk factors of pressure ulcers in stroke patients, comparing those in healthcare facilities with those in home‐based or non‐clinical environments. The study aims to elucidate how different care settings affect the development of pressure ulcers, serving as a crucial indicator of patient care quality and management across diverse healthcare contexts. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies on stroke patients in various settings, reporting on the incidence or prevalence of pressure ulcers. Exclusion criteria included non‐stroke patients, non‐original research and studies with incomplete data. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used for quality assessment, and statistical analyses involved both fixed‐effect and random‐effects models, depending on the heterogeneity observed. A total of 1542 articles were initially identified, with 11 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The studies exhibited significant heterogeneity, necessitating the use of a random‐effects model. The pooled prevalence of pressure injuries was 9.53% in patients without family medical services and 2.64% in patients with medical services. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of these results, and no significant publication bias was detected through funnel plot analysis and Egger's linear regression test. The meta‐analysis underscores the heightened risk of pressure injuries in stroke patients, especially post‐discharge. It calls for concerted efforts among healthcare providers, policymakers and caregivers to implement targeted strategies tailored to the specific needs of different care environments. Future research should focus on developing and evaluating interventions to effectively integrate into routine care and reduce the incidence of pressure injuries in stroke patients.
Digital light processing of TixOy@Ti/HA biomaterials by oxidation of TiH2 and dehydrogenation of TiO2@TiH2/HA precursors
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Tang Qinchao , Huang Zhifeng , Liu Qiuyu , Wang Xuye , Li Junguo , Yin Guanchao , Bai Yi , Chen Fei
Published: April 2024

The complex structure of Ti/HA (HA: hydroxyapatite) implants prepared by additive manufacturing technology plays an essential role in its application in bone repair. Digital light processing (DLP) is widely used to prepare bioceramics with complex structures. However, it is a challenge to prepare Ti/HA biomaterials by DLP due to the high ultraviolet (UV) absorption of Ti powder. In the present work, TiH2 powder coated with a TiO2 layer is selected to reduce the UV absorption and improve the curing depth for DLP printed green bodies of TiO2@TiH2/HA, because the TiO2@TiH2 powder can be reduced by 12.7% compared to the TiH2 powder without any oxidation. Then, the shell layer of TiO2 undergoes dehydrogenation and reduction reaction with the core phase of TiH2 during the sintering process to transfer TiO2@TiH2/HA into TixOy@Ti/HA. In addition, the effects of HA content on compressive strength and biocompatibility are investigated in the TixOy@Ti/HA biomaterials. The results show that when adding 60 vol%HA, the maximum monolayer curing depth of the slurry reaches 90.1 ± 3.5 µm. 40%TixOy@Ti/60%HA shows the maximum effect in promoting the pre‐osteoblast differentiation and a relatively high compressive strength of 48.7 ± 3.5 MPa. This work provides an experimental basis for the preparation of ceramic–metal composites with high UV absorptivity using DLP.
Task shifting in Dutch nursing practice: A repeated cross‐sectional analysis of nurses' experiences
Authors: Wit Renate F. , de Veer Anke J. E. , de Groot Kim , Batenburg Ronald S. , Francke Anneke L.
Published: April 2024

Aim

This study aims firstly to identify shifts in the execution of medical tasks by nurses in the past decade. Secondly, it aims to explore nurses' perspectives on task shifting: how they think task shifting affects the quality of care, the attractiveness of nursing practice and their collaboration with physicians.

Design

A quantitative repeated cross‐sectional study.

Methods

A nationwide survey was conducted among Dutch registered nurses (RNs) working in hospitals and home care, first in 2012 and again in 2022, with sample sizes of 359 and 362, respectively. Analyses were based on descriptive statistics and logistic and linear regressions.

Results

Between 2012 and 2022, there was a significant increase in the execution of only one medical task by nurses, namely prescribing over‐the‐counter medication. The majority reported in both years that task shifting has positive impact on their professional autonomy and the attractiveness of nursing practice. However, most nurses also reported that task shifting increased their workload (72.7% in 2022) could lead to conflicts in care teams (20.9% in 2022 compared to 14.7% in 2012) and may cause physicians to feel threatened (32.8% in 2022 and 29.9% in 2012). There were no significant changes in nurses' perception of the impact of task shifting on quality of care, the attractiveness of nursing practice and the nurse–physician relationship.

Conclusion

There was an increase in the execution of prescribing over‐the‐counter‐medication by nurses between 2012 and 2022. However, both in 2012 and in 2022, as the majority of nurses reported that task shifting increased their workload, there is reason to worry about this negative consequence of task shifting, e.g. with regard to labour market issues. Further research, also among the medical profession, is needed to better understand and address the implications of task shifting for the nursing profession.

Implications for the Profession

Implications for the nursing profession include potential scope expansion with complex tasks, attracting more individuals to nursing careers, although an eye must also be kept on what that means for the workload of nurses and the relationship with physicians.

Impact

Nurse prescribing medicines was more executed in 2022 compared to 2012. Nurses had a predominantly positive perspective on task shifting, but still felt it can cause conflicts in care teams, high workload and physicians feeling threatened. These results can help during implementation of task shifting and in monitoring the perceived effects of task shifting among nurses.

Reporting Method

This study followed the STROBE reporting guideline for cross‐sectional studies.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution. This study focussed on the task shifting (perspectives) of nurses.
Nurses’ and midwives’ experiences of managing parental postnatal depression: A scoping review
Authors: Shidende Paul , Bates Randi , Lee Rebecca , Smith Carolyn
Published: April 2024

Aim

To describe the current state of the literature on nurses' and midwives' knowledge, perceptions and experiences of managing parental postnatal depression (PPND).

Design

The Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review method and the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews guided the work.

Data Sources

A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Scopus databases was conducted in January and February 2023.

Review Methods

Peer‐reviewed primary research articles published in English between 2012 and 2023 that involved nurses or midwives managing PPND were included. Rayyan was used to screen titles, abstracts and full‐text articles. A spreadsheet was used to organize extracted data and synthesize results.

Results

Twenty‐nine articles met the inclusion criteria. Most study samples were of mothers, and few were from middle‐ and lower‐income countries. Nurses and midwives lacked knowledge about PPND, yet they felt responsible for its management. Nurses and midwives faced significant organizational and systems‐level challenges in managing PPND. However, nurses and midwives facilitated PPND care in collaboration with other healthcare providers.

Conclusion

The review highlights significant gaps in the nurses' and midwives' care of PPND. Educational programmes are necessary to increase nurse and midwife knowledge of PPND and strategies for its management, including facilitating collaboration across the healthcare system and eliminating organizational and systemic‐related barriers. Additional focused research is needed on nurses' and midwives' knowledge, perception of and experience with PPND beyond mothers, such as with fathers, sexually and gender‐minoritized parents and surrogate mothers. Finally, additional research is needed in middle‐ and lower‐income countries where nurses and midwives may face a higher burden of and unique cultural considerations in managing PPND.

Impact

PPND can affect the parent's mental and physical health and relationship with their child. If left untreated, PPND can lead to long‐term consequences, including child developmental delays, behavioural problems and difficulties with parental–child attachment.

Reporting Method

This scoping review adheres to PRISMA Extension for Scoping Review guidelines and the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review method.

Patient or Public Contribution

This research is a scoping review of published peer‐reviewed studies.
Development and evaluation of sandwich ELISA for detection and quantification of staphylococcal enterotoxin‐A in food
Authors: Singh Mamta , Agrawal Ravi Kant , Singh Bhoj Raj , Mendiratta Sanjod Kumar , Kumar Deepak , Kumar Bablu
Published: April 2024

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic zoonotic pathogen which secretes 24 different types of enterotoxins (SEs) and enterotoxin‐like (SEls) proteins. Classical enterotoxins (SEA–SEE) are responsible for >95% of food poisoning outbreaks, of which SEA alone is responsible for >75% of them. This study was undertaken to develop a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for sensitive, specific, and quantitative detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins‐A in food. Optimization of sandwich ELISA was attempted in two ways: rabbit polyclonal anti‐SEA as a capture antibody and mouse monoclonal anti‐SEA as a detector antibody, and vice versa. In the optimization of sandwich ELISA, mouse monoclonal anti‐SEA as a capture antibody and rabbit polyclonal anti‐SEA as a detector antibody yielded the highest sensitivity of 0.5–0.75 ng mL−1. The developed assay was found to be highly specific and exhibited equivalent sensitivity to a commercial kit. The developed sandwich ELISA may be utilized for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin‐A in food as a cheap alternative to available commercial kits. The developed sandwich ELISA may be useful for microbiological quality assurance of foods, especially in resource‐limited developing countries.
A signaling cascade mediating fruit trait development via phosphorylation‐modulated nuclear accumulation of JAZ repressor
Authors: Wang Wei , Ouyang Jinyao , Li Yating , Zhai Changsheng , He Bing , Si Huahan , Chen Kunsong , Rose Jocelyn K.C. , Jia Wensuo
Published: April 2024

It is generally accepted that jasmonate‐ZIM domain (JAZ) repressors act to mediate jasmonate (JA) signaling via CORONATINE‐INSENSITIVE1 (COI1)‐mediated degradation. Here, we report a cryptic signaling cascade where a JAZ repressor, FvJAZ12, mediates multiple signaling inputs via phosphorylation‐modulated subcellular translocation rather than the COI1‐mediated degradation mechanism in strawberry (Fragaria vesca). FvJAZ12 acts to regulate flavor metabolism and defense response, and was found to be the target of FvMPK6, a mitogen‐activated protein kinase that is capable of responding to multiple signal stimuli. FvMPK6 phosphorylates FvJAZ12 at the amino acid residues S179 and T183 adjacent to the PY residues, thereby attenuating its nuclear accumulation and relieving its repression for FvMYC2, which acts to control the expression of lipoxygenase 3 (FvLOX3), an important gene involved in JA biosynthesis and a diverse array of cellular metabolisms. Our data reveal a previously unreported mechanism for JA signaling and decipher a signaling cascade that links multiple signaling inputs with fruit trait development.
Micronized acellular dermal matrix combined with platelet rich plasma in the treatment of atrophic acne scars: A self‐controlled split face study
Authors: Park Sunwoo , Huang Lining , Ao Xian , Elbendary Amira , Li Guomin , Xian Hua , Du Meiyi , Xue Ruzeng , Wang Chunmei
Published: April 2024

Background

Micronized acellular dermal matrix (mADM) can induce tissue regeneration and repair, and filling.

Objectives

The efficacy and safety of (mADM) were evaluated in the treatment of atrophic acne scar.

Methods

In this single‐blinded, self‐controlled, split‐face study, 16 patients (48 scar sites) were divided into treatment group (24 scar sites) and control group (24 scar sites). One side of the affected area was treated with mADM combined with platelet rich plasma (PRP) injection as the treatment group; the other side of the affected area was treated with PRP injection as the control group. The efficacy was evaluated by the Acne scar assessment scale (ASAS) and Acne Scar Weight Rating Scale (ECCA) 3 months after treatment.

Results

After 3‐month treatment in 16 patients, the atrophic acne scars in both groups were all improved. The ASAS score and ECCA weight score in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (2.50 ± 0.51 vs. 3.62 ± 0.77 and 14.17 ± 10.18 vs. 31.88 ± 13.25; p < 0.001).

Limitations

Short‐term 3‐month treatment period. Small sample size limits generalizability of results.

Conclusion

The curative effect of mADM combined with PRP is significantly better than that of PRP alone.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia causing maize (Zea mays L.) seedling soft rot disease, an emerging threat to maize crop
Authors: Heidari Maede , Aeini Milad
Published: April 2024

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a widely cultivated monoecious plant, making it vulnerable to seedling soft rot, a significant disease that results in substantial global losses. During the 2020–2021, various regions of Iran reported a series of symptoms, which included seedling stunting, the browning, and rotting of roots and crowns, and post‐emergence dieback. To identify the causal agent of this disease, a total number of 70 symptomatic samples were collected, yielding 117 bacterial strains. These bacterial isolates exhibited small, circular, raised colonies with a yellow pigment on yeast‐extract peptone glucose agar (YPGA) medium, 48 h post inoculation (hpi). Identification of the putative pathogen as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (formerly known as Xanthomonas maltophilia) was based on colony morphology, biochemical features, amplification of the species‐specific SmeT gene and nucleotide sequences of the gyrB gene. Koch's postulates were completed by inoculating maize seedlings with bacterial suspensions (107 CFU/mL). Two weeks after inoculation, symptoms including decay in the lower part of the seedling, wilting and yellowing of leaves became apparent. Subsequently, the bacteria with typical colony morphology were re‐isolated from the crowns of the inoculated maize seedlings and identified as S. maltophilia. In addition, various plant species were tested to determine the host range of S. maltopilia. Sugarcane and sorghum exhibited complete collapse, while onion showed no symptoms. Other hosts displayed varying degrees of symptom severity. This study marks the first documented case of maize seedling rot caused by S. maltophilia. These findings offer valuable insights into the pathogenicity of the disease and its management implications.
Development of a multidimensional scale to measure organizational creative capabilities
Authors: Parmentier Guy , Sheet Zeinab , Jeannot Florence , Rampa Romain
Published: April 2024

Although the literature's case and longitudinal studies provide ample evidence of organizational routines that foster creative behaviors, it still lacks an integrative model of organizational creative capabilities (OCCs) and the quantitative evidence to validate such a model. This research is aimed at conceptualizing and developing a reliable and valid scale for OCCs. First, we define the OCC construct's domain by conducting an extensive literature review. We then generate a list of items for the five dimensions of OCCs through a qualitative study involving a group of 24 practitioners (Study 1a) and by surveying nine senior researchers (Study 1b). We refine the OCC scale using a sample of 269 responses collected in France and Canada (Study 2), and we conduct a first‐order confirmatory factor analysis (Study 3). Finally, we perform a second‐order confirmatory analysis (Study 4a) on samples of 220 responses collected mainly in the United States and Europe, generalize our results to a sample of 205 responses, and strengthen the predictive validity (Study 4b). Our results provide significant evidence that OCCs can be conceptualized around five dimensions: internal socialization routines, idea management routines, external openness routines, creative equipment routines, and internal agility routines. Furthermore, the research confirms the scale's good psychometric qualities, thus ensuring that researchers can be confident in the reliability of any future academic research design using the scale. We also validate the OCC scale's predictive validity by verifying that a five‐dimensional reflective scale with 16 indicators has a significant positive effect on the creative outcome. This OCC scale can be used by practitioners to better understand the organizational routines they have to develop in order to strengthen their organization's creativity. It also provides a way for longitudinal studies to observe how OCCs evolve over time.
Quantifying pigment content in crustose coralline algae using hyperspectral imaging: A case study with Tethysphytum antarcticum (Ross Sea, Antarctica)
Authors: Montes‐Herrera Juan C. , Cimoli Emiliano , Cummings Vonda J. , D'Archino Roberta , Nelson Wendy A. , Lucieer Arko , Lucieer Vanessa
Published: April 2024

Crustose coralline algae (CCA) are a highly diverse group of habitat‐forming, calcifying red macroalgae (Rhodophyta) with unique adaptations to diverse irradiance regimes. A distinctive CCA phenotype adaptation, which allows them to maximize photosynthetic performance in low light, is their content of a specific group of light‐harvesting pigments called phycobilins. In this study, we assessed the potential of noninvasive hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in the visible spectrum (400–800 nm) to describe the phenotypic variability in phycobilin content of an Antarctic coralline, Tethysphytum antarcticum (Hapalidiales), from two distinct locations. We validated our measurements with pigment extractions and spectrophotometry analysis, in addition to DNA barcoding using the psbA marker. Targeted spectral indices were developed and correlated with phycobilin content using linear mixed models (R2 = 0.64–0.7). Once applied to the HSI, the models revealed the distinct phycoerythrin spatial distribution in the two site‐specific CCA phenotypes, with thin and thick crusts, respectively. This study advances the capabilities of hyperspectral imaging as a tool to quantitatively study CCA pigmentation in relation to their phenotypic plasticity, which can be applied in laboratory studies and potentially in situ surveys using underwater hyperspectral imaging systems.
Rural‐specific identity and associations with lifestyle behaviors and well‐being among rural cancer survivors
Authors: Tatum Kristina L. , Morris Bonny B. , Glasgow Trevin E. , Lee Sam Mool (Julie) , Barsell D. Jeremy , Fugate‐Laus Kendall , Fuemmeler Bernard F.
Published: April 2024

Background

Disparities in rural cancer survivors’ health outcomes are well‐documented, yet the role of sociocultural aspects of rurality, such as rural identity, attitudes toward rurality, and social standing on health beliefs and behaviors remain unclear. This study aimed to address these gaps.

Methods

Rural cancer survivors (N = 188) completed a mailed/online survey. Regression analyses identified relationships among rural identity, negative attitudes toward rurality, and social standing with health outcomes, quality of life, cancer fatalism, and cancer information overload.

Results

Higher rural identity was associated with believing everything causes cancer (OR = 1.58, p = 0.048), believing “there's not much you can do to lower your chances of getting cancer” (OR = 2.22, p = 0.002), and higher odds of being overloaded with cancer information (OR = 2.05, p  = 0.008). Negative attitudes toward rurality was linked with higher levels of perceived stress (B = 0.83, p = 0.001), and chronic pain (OR = 1.47, p = 0.039). Higher subjective social status was associated with perceived social support (B = 0.09, p = 0.016), better overall health (B = 0.13, p < 0.001), lower levels of perceived stress (B = –0.38, p = 0.007), and chronic pain (OR = 0.80, p = 0.027).

Conclusion

Sociocultural factors of rurality were associated with indicators of quality of life, cancer fatalism, and information overload. Further exploration of the underlying mechanisms that drive these associations can help improve intervention targets for rural cancer survivors.
Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 ribonucleoprotein delivery for efficient, rapid and marker‐free gene editing in Trypanosoma and Leishmania
Authors: Asencio Corinne , Hervé Perrine , Morand Pauline , Oliveres Quentin , Morel Chloé Alexandra , Prouzet‐Mauleon Valérie , Biran Marc , Monic Sarah , Bonhivers Mélanie , Robinson Derrick Roy , Ouellette Marc , Rivière Loïc , Bringaud Frédéric , Tetaud Emmanuel
Published: April 2024

Kinetoplastids are unicellular eukaryotic flagellated parasites found in a wide range of hosts within the animal and plant kingdoms. They are known to be responsible in humans for African sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma brucei), Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi), and various forms of leishmaniasis (Leishmania spp.), as well as several animal diseases with important economic impact (African trypanosomes, including Trypanosoma congolense). Understanding the biology of these parasites necessarily implies the ability to manipulate their genomes. In this study, we demonstrate that transfection of a ribonucleoprotein complex, composed of recombinant Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) and an in vitro‐synthesized guide RNA, results in rapid and efficient genetic modifications of trypanosomatids, in marker‐free conditions. This approach was successfully developed to inactivate, delete, and mutate candidate genes in various stages of the life cycle of T. brucei and T. congolense, and Leishmania promastigotes. The functionality of SpCas9 in these parasites now provides, to the research community working on these parasites, a rapid and efficient method of genome editing, without requiring plasmid construction and selection by antibiotics but requires only cloning and PCR screening of the clones. Importantly, this approach is adaptable to any wild‐type parasite.
Evaluation of modified clear Twin Block aligner in treating adolescents with skeletal class II malocclusion: A two‐centre cephalometric study
Authors: Feng Qingchen , Jiang Fulin , Wang Huixia , Shen Gang , Zhao Zhihe , Jiang Lingyong , Jiang Chen , Fan Qi , Zhu Jinyi , Pan Peiyue , Huang Wenlong , Li Juan
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of modified clear Twin Block (CTB) aligner and traditional twin block (TB) appliance from skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue changes in adolescents with skeletal class II malocclusion.

Methods

A total of 80 adolescents, included in this study from two medical centres, were distributed into CTB group, TB group and control group based on the treatment they received. Lateral cephalograms at pre‐treatment (T1) and post‐treatment (T2) were measured by modified Pancherz's cephalometric analysis, and dentoskeletal and soft tissue changes were analysed by independent‐sample t‐test, paired‐sample t‐test, ANOVA test and Scheffe's Post Hoc test.

Results

Seventy‐five adolescents completed the study, including 32 in the CTB group, 32 in the TB group and 11 in the control group. Both CTB and TB treatment showed significant differences in most dentoskeletal and soft tissue measurements. Compared with the control group, improvements were observed in class II molar relationship through significant different in S Vert/Ms‐S Vert/Mi in the CTB group (P < .01) and the TB group (P < .001), as well as deep overjet through significant different in S Vert/Is‐S Vert/Ii in the CTB group (P < .001) and the TB group (P < .001). Besides, the CTB group also showed less protrusion of lower incisors and resulted in a more significant improvement in profile with fewer adverse effects on speaking, eating and social activities.

Conclusions

For adolescents with skeletal class II malocclusion, CTB appliance was as effective as TB on improving dentoskeletal and soft tissue measurements, featuring more reliable teeth control and patient acceptance.
Effects of short‐term exposure to red or near‐infrared light on axial length in young human subjects
Authors: Swiatczak Barbara , Schaeffel Frank
Published: April 2024

Purpose

To determine whether visible light is needed to elicit axial eye shortening by exposure to long wavelength light.

Methods

Incoherent narrow‐band red (620 ± 10 nm) or near‐infrared (NIR, 875 ± 30 nm) light was generated by an array of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and projected monocularly in 17 myopic and 13 non‐myopic subjects for 10 min. The fellow eye was occluded. Light sources were positioned 50 cm from the eye in a dark room. Axial length (AL) was measured before and after the exposure using low‐coherence interferometry.

Results

Non‐myopic subjects responded to red light with significant eye shortening, while NIR light induced minor axial elongation (−13.3 ± 17.3 μm vs. +6.5 ± 11.6 μm, respectively, p = 0.005). Only 41% of the myopic subjects responded to red light exposure with a decrease in AL and changes were therefore, on average, not significantly different from those observed with NIR light (+0.2 ± 12.1 μm vs. +1.1 ± 11.2 μm, respectively, p = 0.83). Interestingly, there was a significant correlation between refractive error and induced changes in AL after exposure to NIR light in myopic eyes (r(15) = −0.52, p = 0.03) and induced changes in AL after exposure to red light in non‐myopic eyes (r(11) = 0.62, p = 0.02), with more induced axial elongation with increasing refractive error.

Conclusions

Incoherent narrow‐band red light at 620 nm induced axial shortening in 77% of non‐myopic and 41% of myopic eyes. NIR light did not induce any significant changes in AL in either refractive group, suggesting that the beneficial effect of red laser light therapy on myopia progression requires visible stimulation and not simply thermal energy.
Social Integration of Foreign Immigrants in South Korean Local Communities
Authors: Ko Sangtu
Published: April 2024

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolving cooperative dynamics of immigrant policy in South Korea, emphasizing the interactions between central and local governments, as well as among various local authorities. It discusses the need to empower local governments with greater authority and responsibility in implementing immigrant policies, highlighting the importance of collaboration, coordination, and cooperation across multiple layers of governance. The article focuses on two case studies, the National Multicultural City Council (NMCC) and the Multicultural Immigrants Plus Center (MIPC), to illustrate the practical implications of this multi‐layered governance approach. The theoretical implications of the case studies are rooted in the concept of multi‐layered governance (MLG) and its application to immigrant policy governance, providing valuable perspectives for understanding and optimizing immigrant policy implementation across diverse socio‐political contexts.
10 kHz stimulation as rescue therapy for spinal cord stimulation trial failure or loss of efficacy: A retrospective study
Authors: Buonanno Pasquale , Servillo Giuseppe , Visser‐Vandewalle Veerle , Matis Georgios
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is currently used for the management of pain of different origin, and since its inception, many waveforms have been developed. Some patients experience no pain relief already during SCS trial, while other patients go through a loss of efficacy due to habituation after a variable period of satisfying pain control. Our retrospective study represents the first report exploring the potential role of 10 kHz stimulation as rescue therapy for patients who did not benefit not only from conventional stimulation but even from other waveforms during SCS trial or follow‐up.

Methods

This study was conducted in Germany; we retrospectively enrolled patients with no pain relief during SCS trial or with loss of efficacy of other waveforms over time; and we recorded visual analogic scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and daily opioid consumption expressed as morphine milligram equivalents (MME), right before and 12 months after the switching to 10 kHz simulation.

Results

The rate of successful switching to 10 kHz stimulation was comparable in patients enrolled during the SCS trial and during the follow‐up (43% vs. 40%, respectively); notably, the highest rate of failed rescue was recorded in case of persistent spinal pain syndrome (PSPS) II. Patients who responded to the switching showed a significant improvement in VAS and ODI after 12 months of treatment compared to baseline (3.6 ± 1.0 vs. 8.2 ± 0.9, p < 0.00001 and 34.0 ± 7.8 vs. 64.3 ± 8.7, p < 0.0001, respectively), whereas there was no reduction in the consumption of opioids in terms of MME (3 (0–16) vs. 5 (0–8.75), p = 0.1003).

Conclusions

Rescue therapy with 10 kHz stimulation could be an important strategy to avoid SCS explant in both patients non‐responsive during trial or experiencing a loss of efficacy during the years with other waveforms.
Lymphoplasmocytic plaque in children: A report of an atypical location
Authors: Teixeira João , Pereira Sofia , Xará Joana Resende , Cardoso José Carlos , Ramos Leonor
Published: April 2024

Lymphoplasmocytic plaque in children (LPC) is a rare and distinctive skin disorder primarily affecting the pediatric population. Characterized by its unique histopathological features, the condition manifests as well‐defined plaques with a predominance of lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltrating the dermis. Despite its limited prevalence, recognizing this entity is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of affected patients. We report the case of a 10‐year‐old male presenting with LPC in the extensor surface of the upper arm, a rarely reported location, treated with both topical and intralesional corticosteroids resulting in partial improvement.
Hormonal response to recurrent seasonal stress in coastal and mountain scabiouses growing in their natural habitat: linking ABA and jasmonates with photoprotection
Authors: Morales Melanie , Munné‐Bosch Sergi
Published: April 2024

Plant species distribution across ecosystems is influenced by multiple environmental factors, and recurrent seasonal stress events can act as natural selection agents for specific plant traits and limit species distribution. For that, studies aiming at understanding how environmental constraints affect adaptive mechanisms of taxonomically closely related species are of great interest. We chose two Scabiosa species inhabiting contrasting environments: the coastal scabious S. atropurpurea, typically coping with hot‐dry summers in a Mediterranean climate, and the mountain scabious S. columbaria facing cold winters in an oceanic climate. A set of functional traits was examined to assess plant performance in these congeneric species from contrasting natural habitats. Both S. atropurpurea and S. columbaria appeared to be perfectly adapted to their environment in terms of adjustments in stomatal closure, CO2 assimilation rate and water use efficiency over the seasons. However, an unexpected dry period during winter followed by the typical Mediterranean hot‐dry summer forced S. atropurpurea plants to deploy a set of photoprotective responses during summer. Aside from reductions in leaf water content and Fv/Fm, photoprotective molecules (carotenoids, α‐tocopherol and anthocyanins) per unit of chlorophyll increased, mostly as a consequence of a severe chlorophyll loss. The profiling of stress‐related hormones (ABA, salicylic acid and jasmonates) revealed associations between ABA and the bioactive jasmonoyl‐isoleucine with the underlying photoprotective response to recurrent seasonal stress in S. atropurpurea. We conclude that jasmonates may be used together with ABA as a functional trait that may, at least in part, help understand plant responses to recurrent seasonal stress in the current frame of global climate change.
Early intergroup coalition: Toddlers attribute fair distributions to Black rather than White distributors
Authors: Geraci Alessandra , Commodari Elena , Perucchini Paola
Published: April 2024

Racial concepts emerge in preschool age, and affect children's evaluations of others’ actions. This research investigated whether 2.5‐year‐old and 7‐year‐old children's (N = 160; 100% White) evaluations may be influenced by an initial racial bias when both out‐group and in‐group protagonists were evaluated directly by attributing the responsibility of negative or positive outcomes (i.e., fair or unfair distributions of resources). After seeing each of two familiarization events, displaying fair and unfair distributions performed by a hidden distributor, toddlers were asked to assign positive and negative outcomes to two distributors that were portrayed on drawings (Experiment 1) or photographs (Experiments 2–3) of White or Black faces. Seven‐year‐old children were assessed with the same forced‐choice character task by using photographs (Experiment 4). Toddlers showed a significant tendency to attribute a fair distribution of resources to Black faces only when these were shown by photographs. Conversely, 7‐year‐olds manifested a pro‐White/anti‐Black racial bias. These findings support prior literature on the age‐related development of race prejudice starting not before the three years of life, and shed light on an initial state that is aimed at intergroup coalitions.
Advances in stem cells treatment of diabetic wounds: A bibliometric analysis via CiteSpace
Authors: Ma Ke , Luo Chao , Du Mindong , Wei Qiang , Luo Qianxuan , Zheng Li , Liao Mingde
Published: April 2024

Diabetes is a chronic medical condition that may induce complications such as poor wound healing. Stem cell therapies have shown promise in treating diabetic wounds with pre‐clinical and clinical studies. However, little bibliometric analysis has been carried out on stem cells in the treatment of diabetic wounds. In this study, we retrieved relevant papers published from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2023, from Chinese and English databases. CiteSpace software was used to analyze the authors, institutions, and keywords by standard bibliometric indicators. Our analysis findings indicated that publications on stem cells in the treatment of diabetic wounds kept increasing. The most prolific author was Qian Cai (n = 7) and Mohammad Bayat (n = 16) in Chinese and English databases, respectively. Institutions distribution analysis showed that Chinese institutions conducted most publications, and the most prolific institution was the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital (n = 9) and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (n = 17) in Chinese and English databases, respectively. The highest centrality keyword in Chinese and English databases was “wound healing” (0.54) and “in vitro” (0.13), respectively. There were 8 and 11 efficient and convincing keyword clusters produced by a log‐likelihood ratio in the Chinese and English databases, respectively. The strongest burst keyword was “exosome” (strength 3.57) and “endothelial progenitor cells” (strength 7.87) in the Chinese and English databases, respectively. These findings indicated a direction for future therapies and research on stem cells in the treatment of diabetic wounds.
High‐resolution 3‐D scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of DOTTM polynucleotides (PN): Unique scaffold characteristics and potential applications in biomedicine
Authors: Kim Michael James , Park Hyun‐Jun , Jung Rae‐Jun , Won Chee‐Youb , Ohk Seul‐Ong , Kim Hong‐Taek , Roh Nark‐Kyung , Yi Kyu‐Ho
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Polynucleotides (PN) are becoming more prominent in aesthetic medicine. However, the structural characteristics of PN have not been published and PN from different companies may have different structural characteristics. This study aimed to elucidate the structural attributes of DOT™ PN and distinguish differences with polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRN) using high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging.

Materials and methods

DOT™ PN was examined using a Quanta 3‐D field emission gun (FEG) Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Sample preparation involved cryogenic cooling, cleavage, etching, and metal coating to facilitate high‐resolution imaging. Cryo‐FIB/SEM techniques were employed for in‐depth structural analysis.

Results

PDRN exhibited an amorphous structure without distinct features. In contrast, DOT™ PN displayed well‐defined polyhedral shapes with smooth, uniformly thick walls. These cells were empty, with diameters ranging from 3 to 8 micrometers, forming a seamless tessellation pattern.

Discussion

DOT™ PN's distinct geometric tessellation design conforms to the principles of biotensegrity, providing both structural reinforcement and integrity. The presence of delicate partitions and vacant compartments hints at possible uses in the field of pharmaceutical delivery systems. Within the realms of beauty enhancement and regenerative medicine, DOT™ PN's capacity to bolster cell growth and tissue mending could potentially transform approaches to rejuvenation treatments. Its adaptability becomes apparent when considering its contributions to drug administration and surgical procedures.

Conclusion

This study unveils the intricate structural scaffold features of DOT™ PN for the first time, setting it apart from PDRN and inspiring innovation in biomedicine and materials science. DOT™ PN's unique attributes open doors to potential applications across healthcare and beyond.
Soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone‐based microneedles loaded with Sanguis draconis and Salvia miltiorrhiza for treatment of diabetic wound healing
Authors: Tang Jiangdong , Xu Jiawei , Xu Jianda , Fan Zhenmin , Ye Xia , Xia Zhongyu , Guo Meifeng
Published: April 2024

Background

Nowadays, diabetic wound healing remains a crucial challenge due to their protracted and uncertain healing process. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has demonstrated the therapeutic value of Sanguis draconis (SD)‐Salvia miltiorrhiza (SMR) Herb Pair in diabetic wound healing. However, new administration modes are urgently needed for their convenient and wide‐ranging applications.

Objective

We propose a soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone‐based microneedle patch containing the herbal extracts of SD and SMR (MN‐SD@SMR) for diabetic wound healing.

Methods

The herbal extracts of SD and SMR are purification and concentration via traditional lyophilization. SD endowed MN‐SD@SMR with functions to improve high glycemic blood environment and migration of keratinocyte and fibroblast cells.

Results

SMR in MN‐SD@SMR could improve blood flow velocity and microcirculation in the wound area. The effectiveness of transdermal release and mechanical strengths of MN‐SD@SMR were verified.

Conclusion

Integrating the advantages of these purified herbal compositions, we demonstrated that MN‐SD@SMR had a positive healing effect on the wounds in vitro and vivo. These results indicate that soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone‐based microneedle patch containing the herbal extracts of SD and SMR has a promising application value due to their superior capability to promote diabetic wound healing.
Consideration of the diameter of superficial temporal arteries related to filler injections in the temporal region
Authors: Bae Jung‐Hee , Park Soo Yeon , Yi Kyu‐Ho
Published: April 2024

Background

The concavity of the temple due to adipose tissue atrophy from aging accentuates the zygomatic arch and lateral orbital rim, leading to an aged appearance. The use of hyaluronic acid filler in the temporal region has gained popularity due to its procedural simplicity and consistent outcomes.

Objective

To evaluate the safety of administering hyaluronic acid filler in the temporal region concerning the frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery, which is at risk of injury.

Methods

Empirical observations were conducted on the internal diameter of the frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery, a critical anatomical site for potential injury.

Results

A significant proportion of the artery segments exhibited an internal diameter below 1 mm. Given that the outer diameter of an 18‐gauge cannula is 1.27 mm, this method can be considered a relatively secure approach for enhancing the temporal region.

Conclusion

The use of an 18‐gauge cannula for hyaluronic acid filler administration in the temporal region appears to be a safe and effective method, with the potential risk to the frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery being minimal.
Hydradermabrasion through the lens of Line‐Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Razi Shazli , Truong Thu Minh , Khan Samavia , Sanabria Bianca , Rao Babar
Published: April 2024

Background

Hydradermabrasion, also known as “HydraFacial,” is an exfoliative cosmetic procedure for skin rejuvenation that has gained popularity. Despite its increasing popularity, clinical studies validating its efficacy with non‐invasive assessment of histological changes to the skin, are scarce. In this study, we used Line‐Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography (LC‐OCT), an optical imaging device, to non‐invasively visualize microscopic changes to skin anatomy after hydradermabrasion treatment.

Materials/Methods

Eight volunteers (Fitzpatrick skin types II–V) were recruited for this study. Images, using LC‐OCT (DeepLive, DAMAE medical) were obtained before and after hydradermabrasion and at 2 weeks post‐treatment. A commercially available hydradermabrasion device was utilized to perform the dermabrasion.

Results

In the epidermis, initially, a decrease in the average thickness of the stratum corneum, from 9.42 to 6.67 µm was visualized in LC‐OCT images after hydradermabrasion. However, at 2 weeks of follow‐up, the average stratum corneum thickness was 9.75 µm, resulting in an overall increase in the average thickness after treatment. Improved homogenization of the stratum corneum and decreased number of undulations in the epidermis post‐treatment were also visualized. In all the subjects, the superficial dermis appeared stretched, which returned to baseline by the 2‐week follow‐up. At the 2‐week follow‐up, there were no visible differences in the quality and quantity of collagen fibers in the dermis.

Conclusion

In our study, LC‐OCT images of the epidermis and dermis demonstrated microscopic features of skin rejuvenation when treated with hydradermabrasion. Thus, not only highlighting the efficacy of hydradermabrasion but also the potential of LC‐OCT to serve as a tool for visualizing the microscopic effects of cosmetic procedures on skin anatomy.