bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of biodegradation degree of sludge using dielectric measurement
Authors: Beszédes Sándor , Papp-Sziládi Katalin , Keszthelyi-Szabó Gábor , Hodúr Cecília
Published: May 2021

Pre-treatments applied before biological sludge utilization technologies aim to modify the sludge structure for enhanced disintegration degree and biodegradability. Among the thermal pre-treatments methods, microwave irradiation is suitable to degrade the polymeric structure of sludge, and to increase the solubility of organic matters. Energetic efficiency of microwave heating is mainly determined by the dielectric properties, such as dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor. Dielectric properties are influenced by the frequency, temperature; composition and consistency of irradiated material, state and bond of water etc. Therefore, physicochemical changes of sludge structure; e.g. hydrolysis of macromolecules, degradation of cell wall of microorganisms, aggregation of particles; contribute to the change of dielectric parameters, as well. In our work we investigated the correlation between the dielectric parameters and structural change and biodegradability indicators. In the case of municipal wastewater, the change of organic matter removal efficiency during wastewater purification technology at a wastewater treatment plant can be detected by the change of dielectric constant. Results related to sludge processing show, that change of organic matter solubility and aerobic biodegradability correlate the change of dielectric loss factor and dielectric constant. With the degradation of polymeric structure of sludge matrix and decomposition of macromolecules caused by thermal effects or chemical pre-treatments led to increased mobility of ions and enhanced polarization of molecules. These effects led to increased dielectric constant and loss factor, what make possible to pre-indicate the efficiency of sludge pre-treatment processes by an in line and real time measurement method.
Perception of Romanian banking system by the beneficiaries of rural development projects
Authors: Feher Andrea , Rujescu Ciprian , Raicov Miroslav , Tiberiu Iancu , Adamov Tabita
Published: May 2021

European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development of the EU for funding economic activities in the rural area. As the payments for the Community projects are settlement payments (i.e. the payments are settled in installments after being made, the entrepreneurs need forward funding for their investments, and, therefore, the banks play an important role in forwarding the funds for the projects, as well as in co-funding the eligible expenses.
This paper analyzes the way in which the beneficiaries of rural development projects perceive the assistance given by the Romanian banking institutions regarding the steps they must make in order to obtain a loan or to benefit of other necessary banking products or services for the implementation of their projects.
The research was carried out in Timiș County, between May and September 2016, on a sample of 96 interviewees, beneficiaries of rural development projects by the National Rural Development Programme 2007-2013. The data collection methods consisted of the survey made on the basis of a standardized questionnaire, using the “face-to-face” technique and the data collection interview method using the “face-to-face” interview.
Effect of international trade relations on agri-food trade
Authors: Gombkötő Nóra
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, production of goods increases hugely all over the world, resulting an enormous increasing in international trade. Trade in industrial goods grows at a large rate due to trade liberalization, while agriculture is one of the most vulnerable sectors all over the world. However, barriers of agri-food trade were reduced or eliminated; there are still many obstacles to the totally free trade of agricultural products (e.g. restrictions, safeguards, bans, limitations, etc), especially in the European Union. Besides the WTO’s liberalization pressure and its multilateral negotiations, there are a lot of countries that have signed bilateral agreements. In this study, it was examined, what kind of bilateral agreements were entered into force by the EU and how was international agri-food trade influenced by these bilateral agreements as well as by restrict measures. For this, secondary data were analyzed by different statistical methods and the effect of trade measures was characterized by using this results. From the results it can be concluded that EU has preferred different agreements with the various country groups as well as EU has applied different kind of agreements in different eras. The EU’s average growth rate of food trade and average share of food trade is highly variable by partner countries. Bilateral agreements have not always caused trade growth between the two partner regions. The EU’s restrict measurements effect the EU’s foreign trade, because these restrictions are applied to meat products and these commodities are imported the less in the EU.
Tourism developments in Recsk-Parád Basin
Authors: Gubacsi Franciska
Published: May 2021

In the last two decades a lot of settlements in Recsk-Parád Basin developed by the tourism and related services. Even so other villages have completely different image. These disparate advance paths caused large-scale distinctions in life of the settlements. In my recent study I examine tourism developments in Recsk-Parád Basin. I would like to show the importance of the topic during tourism analysis of five settlements. I formulated a few preliminary assumptions. The former industrial settlements were not less able to develop their touristic sector. Due to deteoration of mining and heavy industry, the local tourism has been expanded.
Recsk-Parád Basin is located at Northern Hungary, Heves County, Pétervására small region. These settlements have been analyzed: Bodony, Parád, Mátraderecske, Recsk, Sirok. In my study I analyzed the interactions between the settlements, coordinated the economic, touristic, and social aspects. Over and above I made practical and complex analytical surveys (interviews, questionnaire examination, calculations, field trips, overview of professional studies) and data analysis work.
Tourism developed in Recsk-Parád Basin. In the last decade there are more touristic programs and events. Taking advantages of tourist attractions resulted growths in finances and number of guests. The most visited settlement is Parád, it has the most guest nights in Recsk-Parád Basin and in the small region too. The former industrial settlements have transit tourism and less income from this sector, but the castle in Sirok is very popular and results more positive returns. According to the tourist accommodation possibilities, two lines can be observed. The commercial accommodations dominated in Parád, while the private or rural hospitality has a bigger role in the other villages. Expansion of service-trade sector can strengthen the position of the settlements. There is special spa and resort area here, which needs more partnership cooperation. Common events can develop the possibilities. However these tourist settlements are in good position, but they located in a marginalized region. It plays a decisive role to stabilize their positions, find new development directions and widen their possibilities.
General innovation framework and the innovation expectations of rural actors
Authors: Sălășan Cosmin , Moisa Sebastian , Bălan Ioana M. , Dumitrescu Carmen
Published: May 2021

The analysis of the general and the further-on more specific innovation framework targeting the rural area and the rural economy begins by screening the general statistic data and continues by an in-depth investigation of the options and opinions of relevant rural actors at the scale of a well-defined rural micro region, in our case a Local Action Group territory. The choice of the local scale should build on the previously acquired experience in project-based developments and the general high favourability for rural development for the specific region. The moment of the investigation is also an observation choice linked to the specific inputs of information and advice during the sessions of information and animation requested during the formulation stage of the future Local Development Strategies. The moment is highly relevant since it places the overall accessible support framework in the development perspectives and even more, in the formulated development intentions on medium term for an entire territory. The collection of facts and observations about the current state and the developments in the field of Research, Development and Innovation are compared to the real expectations and the development intentions of the local rural actors. The measure of the gap between the nationally programmed instruments and the real developments in agriculture and rural economy indicates the fitness level of the top-down programming approach.
The effect of foliar fertilization on the yield and quality parameters of maize grain
Authors: Jakab Péter , Zoltán Gábor , Festő Dávid , Komarek Levente
Published: May 2021

In our small plot experiment, we examined the effect foliar fertilization on the yield and quality parameters of maize grain in 2016. The experiment was set in three replications, random blocks on the area of Tangazdaság Ltd. in Hódmezővásárhely. The soil of the experiment was meadow chernozem. We sprayed out three different foliar fertilizer products individually and combined with each other as well, so there were six treatments and the control to be examined. The year 2016 was favourable for maize production. In 2016 the amount of precipitation in the vegetative period of corn was higher by 23.7 mm than the average. We processed the obtained data by single factor variant analysis. We obtained 11.37 t/ha in control treatment, and with the foliar fertilization the yield ranged between 11.61-12.86 t/ha. The foliar fertilization products increased the yield of corn, but this difference was not significant. By the application of foliar fertilization, the qualty parameters of maize grain improved in many cases. Our scientific results proved, that foliar fertilization had god effect on the yield and quality parameters of maize.
The role of National Agricultural Chamber's advisors in the life of farmers in Heves County
Authors: Bencze Tibor , Koncz Gábor
Published: May 2021

The Hungarian Chamber of Agriculture (HCA) was established in the spring of 2013 as a public body. The main tasks of the HCA are strengthening and advocacy of domestic agricultural and food sector, supporting the competitiveness of Hungarian food, furthermore the consultancy and delivering fast, accurate and reliable information to farmers. After the integration of village consultants’ network in 2014 the HCA established a unified support system for farmers. This system based on five pillars: information, consulting, training, project management and European Innovation Partnership. In Heves County 27 village consultants and 4 village consultant administrators perform advisory tasks coordinated by the chief village consultants. The scope of official duties performed by the network: crop estimation, data collection and reporting tasks associated with state rating, assessment of damages in agriculture etc. The advisors validate about 9500 farmers’ cards year by year. In our research we examined the main features of the village consultants and farmers receiving services (such as age, gender, level of education, professional experience, current scope of activities and contacts between the two groups). We hypothesized that the age and vocational qualifications of the farmers are determining the number of services used. To answer our research questions we were performed primary data collection in Heves County. We compiled two questionnaires, one for the farmers (N=150) and one for the village consultants (N=18). To answer the remaining outstanding issues we conducted interview-based survey involving 4 experts. In the course of the survey research for the village consultants we examined theirs most important activities and ranked by the number of mention. The five most common cases were the Unified Application Administration, the validation of farmers’ cards, information services in connection with former Agricultural and Rural Development Agency, monitoring data service and Chamber membership fee acknowledgment. The farmers we’ve asked were all familiar with the local village consultant and 88% of them known the office client’s time. The 69% of the respondents more than three times visited the advisor. Based on our research the village consultants completed more than 50% of administrative tasks of farmers in the 70% of cases. Overall, the village consultant network plays an important role in the life of the farmers regardless of age or level of education.
Factors influencing functional food and food supplement consumption
Authors: Németh Nikolett
Published: May 2021

Functional foods and food supplements are two of the major classes of nutraceuticals or food-related products that have health benefits, such as improving health and prevention and treatment of disease. The aim of this present study is to introduce the main factors influencing functional food consumptions as well as food supplement consumption, searching for the answers to the following research questions: (1) What factors affect functional food and food supplement consumption and to what extent? (2) What is the most authentic source of information in customers’ decision making? Results of secondary and primary researches suggest that the most important factors in decision making are: experience in earlier consumption, nutrients, quality and price.  Food supplements are complex products and therefore, it is difficult for consumers to check the quality of these products at point of purchase; thus food-safety is a major issue for customers when buying food supplements. It can also be concluded that the availability and reliability of the source of information can greatly determine customer’s decision making. The most authentic source of information according to customers’ opinion were the following: health care professionals, sales staff and health-related articles. These variables should be taken into account for marketers and businesses when considering product development or improving communication on nutritional and health benefits of functional food and food supplements.
The examination of humic substances in soils and composts with high organic content with different methods
Authors: Labancz Viktória , Rétháti Gabriella , Makó András , Szegi Tamás
Published: May 2021

The organic materials, especially the complex structural humic substances are acid-characteristic polymers which are key elements of soils. Despite their relatively small quantity, humic substances have beneficial effects on soil nutrient management, development of optimal soil structure, regulation of soil temperature, and proper water management.
The application of the UV-VIS spectrophotometry for describing humic substances in soils and determining of humifical state is nowadays a widespread method. The E4/E6 procedure (which were determined between 465 and 665 nm wavelength) and the Hargitai-method (the extinction of extracts measured between 400 and 750 nm at 9 wavelength) are procedures that have become the general tool for determining the quality of humic matters because of its easy accessibility and smaller need of instrumentations. Nevertheless, their usefulness has been criticized in scientific communities because of the high human error factor and the technical limitations of the simpler spectrophotometric instruments. Nowadays the spreading light scattering photometric examinations using lasers as the Static Light Scattering (SLS) or the Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) could be a new way of measuring the quality of the humic matters.
This study is based on the examination of different quality soil and compost samples which were extracted from different Hungarian sites like Trizs, Szárítópuszta and Csobánc. Additionally, not only the soils and composts were analyzed but also any soil conditioners (biochar, bone charcoal) which were applied and affected their properties.
The main goal of the research was to measure the soil and compost samples with the E4/E6 and the Hargitai-method and with also using Zetasizer Nano ZS device that could lead to more detailed results about the weight and the size of the humic molecules.
Based on the summarized analytic results the outcomes of the E4/E6 procedure is applicable for drawing relevant conclusion regarding the humic quality of the given sample. On the contrary, the applied Hargitai-method has not proved to be effective. Although the measurement of the molecule’s size and weight with the Zetasizer Nano ZS device has brought out exciting results and displayed similarities with the E4/E6 outcomes, only it’s tendencies proved to be informative because of its methodological background.
The history and the present state of agricultural education in Hungary and its importance considering the number of students in agricultural studies
Authors: Horváth Szilárd
Published: May 2021

The contribution of agriculture to the GDP in Hungary is higher than the European average. Consequently, agriculture plays an important role in the Hungarian economy. However, the overall productivity of this sector is still a fraction of those in some Western European countries. According to some economists, this is due to the inadequate number of skilled manpower and the poor supply of agricultural professionals. It is often said, which has also been shown by a number of research studies, that agricultural credentials are not particularly appealing to young people due to the generally reputed low prestige attached to this field. In this paper, I investigate whether the number of participants in secondary level and higher level agricultural education has indeed been declining and how this trend relates to the demographic characteristics of Hungary. I intend to highlight whether the relatively low productivity of the agricultural sector can be rightfully explained, amongst other factors, by the low number of skilled workers and the insufficient supply of agriculture graduates.
EUCENTRE and seismic emergency: technical preparedness activities and response after the central Italy earthquake
Authors: Lakusic Stjepan
Published: May 2021

The ASA (Advanced Seismic Assessment) module is a post-earthquake technical intervention service, developed over the years by the EUCENTRE Foundation through a series of national and European pilot projects, field exercises, and direct experience, after the latest major seismic events that struck Italy since 2009. The system consists of a service managed at the headquarters in Pavia for the development of damage scenarios, and of a mobile unit for the on-site damage assessments. After the Central Italy earthquake, the Foundation has been involved for about eight months in several activities, including provision of technical support to the Italian Department of Civil Protection, joint reconnaissance with internationally acknowledged research institutes.
Treating students as partners - Is it so simple? An empirical investigation of student partnership in a business education context
Authors: Tóth Zsuzsanna , Bedzsula Bálint
Published: May 2021

The challenges assigned by the ‘student as partner’ movement have redrawn the ways how students and academic staff actively collaborate for the sake of successful teaching and learning. To gain competitive advantage, higher education institutions should understand what student partnership means in their context and decide how to talk about and act upon it. The primary purpose of this paper is to reveal how student partnership is interpreted by our students and lecturers who took part in an online brainstorming session and in an online application of the Q organizing technique to rank the concepts resulting from the previous brainstorming session. The results have been utilized to identify the main similarities and differences between students’ and lecturers’ interpretations. Neither students, nor lecturers could be treated as homogeneous groups, which also raises challenges to find the right mix of institutional answers to the conceptualization of student partnership.
‘I wouldn't do anything differently ... Although I won't let my child go in that direction’ Successful Hungarian Olympians’ understandings and experiences at the close of elite sport careers
Authors: Szathmári Attila
Published: May 2021

Whilst the relationship between sport-related success and its effect on the identity of athletes has been acknowledged, less attention has been paid to understanding this relationship from the perspective of the individual. Elite sport follows the logic of individualism, competitiveness, and productivity, while elite athlete performance is depicted as being a remedy for society’s ills by empowering control over health and serving as a good example for future generations. This dualism is reflected in the viewpoints of elite athletes: in their experiences, reflections, and memories. The aim of this paper is to formally examine through Hungarian elite athletes’ experiences how elite sport is related to components of the athletic identity and their potential impact on individual sustainability. Results show (1) how essential the role of coaching is in elite athletes’ careers, (2) how sport is seen as a protective shield, indicating the importance of life-long career planning, and (3) that there is cognitive dissonance regarding the identity of elite athletes.
Why acute inflammatory response can happen after Adenoviral Vector Vaccines; Is the interleukin 6 the secret and how circumvent that, Is by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG)?
Authors: Ahmed Amr Kamel Khalil , Shora Hassan , Mohamed Ahmed , Ibrahim Simona
Published: May 2021

After one year of pandemic SARS COV2, which started in December 2019, it is still considered a health disaster in all nations. Despite vaccination efforts, the number of infected people increased, also the number of SARS COV2 variants increased. Certain vaccinations are approved under Emergency Use Authorization, including those dependent on mRNA technology, like those developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna (FDA Emergency Use Authorization EUA), as well as those dependent on Adenovirus vectors, like those developed by AstraZeneca (covishield, AZD1222 vaccine. (ChAdOx1) (WHO permission) and Johnson and Johnson, (FDA suspended 13/4/2021 use FDA and CDC suggested the stop use of COVID-19 (Janssen & Janssen) vaccination when reviewing details of six U.S. case-rare and serious blood clot cases identified in vaccine-receiving individuals). The optimal vaccine will have a low sero prevalence of neutralizing antibodies against the viral vector and a low incidence of adverse events. The protection of non-human adenovirus vectors used in humans is a primary concern. Global efforts against covid-19 continue, and vaccine production has intensified. Adenoviral vector vaccines induce an acute immunogenic response that varies according to the immune status of the individuals injected. The excipient used in the vaccine injection can either increase or decrease the severity of this acute immune response. For example, polyethylene glycol can decrease IL-6 while polysorbate 80 or EDTA can increase severity. In comparison to Americans or Asians, Africans have neutralizing antibodies against the chimpanzee adenoviral vector, which can result in a less acute immunogenic response (less adverse effects). Thus, it is necessary to administer ChAdox1 nCov2 to African populations in order to avoid the vaccine's acute immunogenic impact in neutralizing antibodies existence (vaccine less effective). The question after discussing the acute immune response from adenovirus vectors (IL-6 is has a role) and Is adding polyethylene glycol to adenoviral vector vaccine lessen the vaccine adverse effects.
Incarcerated Colonoscope in a Left Inguinal Hernia During Diagnostic Colonoscopy
Authors: Torrealba Mauricio , Matlock Robert , Petrun Branden , Zera Richard , Malli Ahmad
Published: May 2021

Colonoscope entrapment in an inguinal hernia is rare and few cases have been described in the literature. We present a 54-year-old patient who underwent a diagnostic colonoscopy which was complicated by incarceration of the colonoscope in a left inguinal hernia. This rare complication occurs more frequently during withdrawal, and our case was unique, given the incarceration of the colonoscope occurred during the insertion phase. Recognizing this scenario is very important to immediately proceed with general anesthesia and surgical consultation for successful nonoperative hernia reduction and colonoscope removal. We recommend reattempting colonoscopy after surgical hernia repair or proceed with computed tomography colonography if appropriate for the indication.
Basidiobolomycosis of Right Colon Mimicking as Carcinoma of Colon
Authors: VS Vikram , Hallur Vinay , Samal Swagatika , Chouhan Mohd Imran , Bhat Sunil Jee , Kumar Pankaj , Mishra Tushar S.
Published: May 2021

Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis (GIB) is a rare fungal infection with limited geographic distribution. However, the incidence of GIB has shown an increasing trend because of globalization and frequent traveling. GIB is commonly seen to mimic gastrointestinal malignancy and other diseases such as intestinal tuberculosis and inflammatory bowel disease. Tissue diagnosis is considered to be the gold standard for differentiating these mycotic lesions from tuberculosis and malignancy with confirmation of species performed by culture or polymerase chain reaction. The diagnosis of GIB should be conjectured in patients with suspicion of malignancy, with an inconclusive biopsy. It seems prudent to proceed with radical excision of mass early because both colonic malignancy and GIB have high mortality if untreated.
Proposta de Identificação de Subcentros Urbanos com Base na Distribuição Espacial das Funções: caso da Cidade de Maputo - Moçambique
Authors: Chicombo Tomé Francisco
Published: May 2021

O presente trabalho de pesquisa apresenta uma proposta metodológica de identificação denovas centralidades funcionais urbanas com base nos dados dos pontos de interesse daplataforma Open Street Map. Por outro lado, dados coletados através do trabalho de campo,entrevistas também foram usados para o estudo, complementados com imagens do GoogleEarth. Os dados de pontos de interesse foram classificados de acordo com critérios prédefinidos representando funcionalidades urbanas. Cada um dos critérios foi atribuído umpeso. Os pesos dos critérios foram calculados com base no método do Processo AnalíticoHierárquico. Para tal, foram realizadas entrevistas junto a especialistas e indivíduos commaior experiência de vivência na área de estudo, tendo como base as suas percepções emrelação a distribuição das funcionalidades urbanas. Os resultados das entrevistas foramintroduzidos em matrizes que permitiram o cálculo dos pesos de cada critério. Ademais, osdados dos pontos de interesse foram editados e processados com a ajuda do aplicativoArcGis onde foi produzido um mapa que mostra a distribuição espacial dos pontos deinteresse e os respetivos níveis de centralidade. Portanto, foi possível identificar com opresente estudo alguns pontos de concentração fora do centro histórico da cidade de Maputo,o que mostra evidências de surgimento de novas centralidades funcionais como resultado deimplantação de novas infraestruturas urbanas na área não central, principalmenterelacionadas ao comércio e prestação de serviços.
Negotiating belonging in multilingual work environments: church professionals’ engagement with migrants
Authors: Jansson Gunilla
Published: May 2021

The study presented in this paper focuses on three evangelical churches in Sweden and their engagement with migrants. The goal of the study is to explore how professionals engage with migrants in their everyday work in a multilingual environment. To this end, data from interviews with church professionals are triangulated with video-recordings of their interaction with migrants in a variety of church settings. The analyses demonstrate how different dimensions of belonging are enacted in multilingual encounters through practices that allow the professionals to perform social work in an activity context where empathy is of great importance. These findings highlight the role of the church within the public sphere under the changing conditions of globalization.
Looks can be deceiving: contrasting temperature characteristics of two morphologically similar kelp species co-occurring in the Arctic
Authors: Franke Kiara , Liesner Daniel , Heesch Svenja , Bartsch Inka
Published: May 2021

Two morphologically similar digitate kelp species, Laminaria digitata and Hedophyllum nigripes, co-occur along a shallow sublittoral depth gradient in the Arctic but, in contrast to L. digitata, very few ecophysiological data exist for H. nigripes. We investigated growth, survival, photosynthetic characteristics and carbon:nitrogen ratios of juvenile sporophytes, and recruitment and survival of gametophytes in genetically verified Arctic isolates of both species along temperature gradients (0–25 °C) over 14 days. Laminaria digitata gametophytes survived 23–24 °C, while sporophytes survived 21–22 °C. Hedophyllum nigripes had lower temperature affinities. Gametophytes survived 19–21 °C, while sporophytes survived 18 °C. Male gametophytes were more heat-tolerant than female gametophytes in both species. The pronounced cold adaption of H. nigripes compared to L. digitata also became apparent in different sporophyte growth optima (L. digitata: 15 °C; H. nigripes: 10 °C) and gametogenesis optima (L. digitata: 5–15 °C; H. nigripes: 0–10 °C). Higher carbon:nitrogen ratios in H. nigripes suggest an adaptation to nutrient poor Arctic conditions. The overall temperature performance of H. nigripes possibly restricts the species to Arctic–Sub-Arctic regions, while Arctic L. digitata behaved similarly to cold-temperate populations. Our data suggest that a future increase in seawater temperatures may hamper the success of H. nigripes and favour L. digitata in Arctic environments.
East Asian monsoon during the past 10,000 years recorded by grain size of Yangtze River delta
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Wang Longsheng , Hu Shouyun , Yu Ge , Wang Qing , Zhang Zhenhua , Ma Mingming , Liao Mengna , Gao Lei
Published: May 2021

Paleoenvironmental research is critical for understanding delta evolution processes and managing delta sustainability, particularly for delta experiencing significant recent fluvial sediment discharge. Based on other previously reported optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) data, Holocene environmental changes of the Yangtze River delta in response to climate fluctuations and human activities were reviewed on the basis of grain-size analyses of core YZ07. The results of grain-size and end-member analysis (EMA) provide a detailed history of East Asian monsoon variability and environmental changes since ∼10,000 cal year B.P. The lower median values (Md) and sand content reflect relatively cool and dry climate conditions between 10,000 and 9,570 cal year B.P. During the early Holocene (9,570–7,630 cal year B.P.), the highest Md values and sand contents and the lowest end member 2 (EM2) contents suggest the Holocene transgression. The increased Md values and sand contents indicate that the climate conditions were warm and wet during the mid-Holocene thermal optimum. From 4,690 to 4,150 cal year B.P., the climate was cool and dry, corresponding to the cool event, as indicated by the finer grain size. Subsequently, between 4,150 and 2,850 cal year B.P., the grain size derived from the Md value and sand content increased, which reflect a wet and warm episode. The climate, which shifted from warm and wet to cool and dry between 2,850 and 1,020 cal year B.P., may have caused a reduction in the sand contents and Md values. After 1,020 cal year B.P., the lowest values of Md and Standard deviation (Sd) and the highest contents of EM2 and clay suggest that the Yangtze River delta has been severely affected by anthropogenic activity. The variability of the East Asian monsoon intensity in the Yangtze River delta strongly correlates with other East Asian monsoon paleoclimate records in China. These results are important for investigations into the interactions between regional systems and global change in monsoonal climatic regions and can provide an example of the evolution of a large scale geomorphic feature resulting from river-sea interaction.
An overview of the comparison of inhalation aromatherapy on emotional distress of female and male patients in preoperative period
Authors: Ebrahimi Abed , Eslami Jamshid , Darvishi Isan , Momeni Khadijeh , Akbarzadeh Marzieh
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Many patients experience anxiety and stress before surgery. Anxiety is also different in men and women so that the prevalence of anxiety disorders in women is higher than men. The present study aimed to compare the effect of inhalation aromatherapy on emotional distress of men and women before surgery.

Methods

This study conducted as a randomized, single blind, placebo-controlled, prospective and clinical trial. It was performed in hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. 90 patients were selected as candidates for surgery and were divided into two intervention groups and one control group. Patients completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire before the intervention. Patients completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire (STAI) after 20 min of intervention. Then the data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 16. The significance level in all testes was set at <0.05.

Results

Relatively severe anxiety was not observed in men after intervention with lavender and spring orange. In women, relatively severe anxiety was not observed after the intervention with lavender, but in the spring orange group, only in 6.7% of people, relatively severe anxiety and traits were observed, which has decreased compared to before the intervention. In addition, the severity of anxiety in women in the control group increased after placebo intervention (p<0.05).

Conclusions

The results showed that inhalation of Citrus aurantium and lavender aroma reduces anxiety in male and female patients.
A pilot study of the use of dry dog food as an alternative attractant in mesocarnivore studies
Authors: Grajera Joan , Vilella Marc , Torre Ignasi
Published: May 2021

Dry dog food is a potential attractant for carnivores, but it is scarcely used in mesocarnivore studies. We tested its efficiency by placing 50 independent sampling stations consisting in trios of camera traps baited with either dry dog food and valerian extract and a control without any attractant. We obtained 84 independent contacts including 39 mesocarnivore sightings in 150 camera-night samples. Community composition estimates were affected by attractants: diversity was higher and dominance smaller when using dry dog food than when using valerian extract. Dry dog food elicited three times more contacts than control cameras (mean ± SE = 0.48 ± 0.04 vs 0.15 ± 0.02 contacts/camera). Our results suggest the potential efficiency of dry dog food as an alternative attractant, either alone or used in combination with other traditional inedible baits in mesocarnivore studies.
The crystal structure of 1-[5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(pyridine-3-sulfonyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methylmethanaminium 3-carboxyprop-2-enoate, C21H20FN3O6S
Authors: Gong Yi-Xia , Geng Yi-Ding , Zhou Shu-Jing , Wang Gui-Yan
Published: May 2021

C21H20FN3O6S, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.8502(4) Å, b = 7.9892(4) Å, c = 34.9707(19) Å, β = 92.500(1)°, V = 2191.2(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0502, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1361, T = 296(2) K.
Erector spinae plane block in acute interventional pain management: a systematic review
Authors: Viderman Dmitriy , Dautova Anar , Sarria-Santamera Antonio
Published: May 2021

Erector Spinae Plane Block (ESPB) was described by Forero in 2016. ESPB is currently widely used in acute postoperative pain management. The benefits of ESPB include simplicity and efficacy in various surgeries. The aim of this review was to conduct a comprehensive overview of available evidence on erector spinae plane block in clinical practice. We included randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews reporting the ESPB in human subjects. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Twenty-one articles including five systematic reviews and 16 randomized controlled trials were included and analyzed. ESPB appears to be an effective, safe, and simple method for acute pain management in cardiac, thoracic, and abdominal surgery. The incidence of side effects has been reported to be rare. A critical issue is to make sure that new evidence is not just of the highest quality, in form of well powered and designed randomized controlled trials but also including a standardized and homogeneous set of indicators that permit to assess the comparative effectiveness of the application of ESPB in acute interventional pain management.
Hacia un paradigma de la sostenibilidad para la bioética de V. R. Potter: entre el desarrollo sostenible, el ecodesarrollo y la racionalidad ambiental
Authors: Parra Bernal María Daniela
Published: May 2021

El artículo sostiene una relación fundacional entre la visión bioética potteriana con el cometido de la sostenibilidad. Teniendo en cuenta que V. R. Potter no desarrolló conceptualmente cómo y desde qué enfoque tendría que entenderse la sostenibilidad de la humanidad, se hace necesario mostrar tal desarrollo conceptual. Así, la visión bioética potteriana podría ser repensada y actualizada para enfrentar el desafío de la humanidad en la época actual.

En este orden de ideas, se propone analizar descriptivamente los enfoques teóricos y las ampliaciones conceptuales del concepto de sostenibilidad para reconocer en qué sentido contribuyen a la construcción de una supervivencia aceptable para la humanidad, en términos de la bioética global. Para esto, se presenta el eje teórico del desarrollo sostenible, del cual se resalta su componente sistémico e intergeneracional, sin dejar de exponer las críticas a su estructura de crecimiento económico y la incompatibilidad de esto con la visión bioética potteriana. Seguidamente, se expone la propuesta alternativa del ecodesarrollo y de la racionalidad ambiental, como elementos importantes para ampliar el paradigma de la sostenibilidad. Finalmente, se concluye con una integración de los elementos de ambos ejes teóricos como un punto de partida para pensar en la sostenibilidad de una visión bioética.
Pilvo aortos vietos nustatymas krūtinės ląstos tomografinėje nuotraukoje
Authors: Šubonienė Aušra
Published: May 2021

Kompiuterinė tomografija, kuri naudojama pilvo aortos aneurizmos diagnostikai ir stebėjimui, leidžia vartotojams stebėti aneurizmos būseną paciento kūno skerspjūvio nuotraukų sekoje. Dažnai kompiuterine tomografija grįstiems diagnostikos įrankiams aortos vieta turi būti nurodoma vartotojo. Darbe aprašomas pilvo aortos vidinių taškų identifikavimo būdas be pradinės aortos vietos išankstinio žymėjimo. Darbe sprendžiami uždaviniai: medicinos vaizdų analizės metodų apžvalga bei parinkimas, pirminis vaizdų apdorojimas pašalinant triukšmą bei išskiriant vaizde esančių objektų kontūrus, aortos aptikimo metodo pasiūlymas. Taip pat pasiūlomas aortos trombo aptikimo metodas, kuriam vartotojas turi pateikti sekos vaizdą, kuriame trombas yra matomas, bet jam nereikia nurodyti tikslios ar apytikslės trombo vietos.
IT priemonių panaudojimo galimybės profesiniam kvalifikacijos kėlimui nuotoliniu būdu
Authors: Litvinas Algirdas
Published: May 2021

Technologinė pažanga lemia vis naujų IT priemonių nuotoliniam mokymuisi atsiradimą, didinant jų pritaikomumą ir panaudojimo galimybes. Vis dėlto, pastebima, kad dažniausiai informacinės technologijos mokymuisi suprantamos tik kaip įvairios nuotolinio mokymosi platformos. Šiame straipsnyje apibūdinamos įvairios IT priemonės, nuotoliniam profesiniam kvalifikacijos kėlimui ir pateikiamos jų panaudojimo galimybės. Taip pat apžvelgiami pagrindiniai iššūkiai, su kuriais susiduriama diegiant naujausius IT sprendimus, bei kokios jų suteikiamos galimybės.
On content, migration and concentration of heavy metals in oils (by the example of the Dnieper-Donets Depression)
Authors: YEROFIEIEV Artem , BEREZOVSKY Ihor
Published: May 2021

Literature review and analysis of previous studies of the problem was carried. The main scientific works on the research topic, as well as the main directions and stages of the study are indicated. Similar studies that were conducted on the territory of Ukraine are considered. The results of the study of heavy metals in oil samples taken from a large oil and gas region from more than thirty deposits of Ukraine are presented. All current and non-working fields are considered. The geological structure of the oil and gas province, as well as the main geochemical features of the formation of mineral deposits are considered. The main forms of finding target metals, as well as possible ways of transferring these elements in the earth’s crust are given. Samples were investigated using x-ray fluorescence and neutron activation analysis. The obtained research data in the framework of two selected methods are combined for analysis. The results obtained within the same geological structure are compared with each other to determine the effect of the physical conditions of sediment formation on the microcomponent composition of crude oil. They also compared the effect of physical conditions on the properties of oil and their ability to accumulate heavy metals. Possible causes of the abnormal accumulation of heavy metals due to the close occurrence of oil and formation water are noted. According to the results obtained, a graph is constructed of the dependence of the mineralization of oil on its depth. An exponential graphical approximation is presented to display the general trend of dependence. Possible sources and ways of migration and accumulation of heavy metals in hydrocarbons are analyzed. The concept of the migration of heavy metals in oil is proposed in conjunction with the ore mineralization of adjacent and adjacent deposits. Possible causes of differences in the concentrations of heavy metals in oil of various geological structures are indicated, as well as the main possible causes of measurement errors and complications in the selection of each of the analysis methods are specified.
PENDAMPINGAN PERHITUNGAN MAWARIS DENGAN APLIKASI ANDROID PADA PENGURUS DAN JAMAAH MASJID PARIPURNA AL MUHAJIRIN PEKANBARU
Authors: Guntoro Guntoro , Nijal Lasri
Published: May 2021

AbstrakMasjid selain tempat untuk ibadah juga berfungsi untuk menimba ilmu dengan para ustad maupun ustazah dengan dijadwalkan oleh pengurus masjid. Masjid al muharin yang terletak di jalan Umban sari atas Kecamatan Rumbai termasuk masjid paripurna yang dinilai sangat baik oleh pemerintah kota pekanbaru. Diantara permasalahan yang banyak terjadi adalah berkenaan dengan hak waris, rasa ego dan nafsu manusia membuat banyak anggota keluarga gelap mata tanpa perdulikan perasaan kekeluargaan. Mengatasi permasalahan tersebut perlunya melakukan pendampingan pelatihan mawaris dengan menggunakan aplikasi Android bagi pengurus dan jamaah Masjid paripurna Al Muhajirin Pekanbaru. Adapun tahapan pendampingan ini adalah melakukan pretest, pelatihan, evaluasi dan posttest. Hasil dari pendampingan yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan, bahwa tingkat pemahaman masyarakat tentang penghjitungan mawaris masih rendah yaitu sebesar 17.0%, Setelah mengikuti pendampingan,  terjadi kenaikan pemahaman peserta dalam melakukan pelatihan sebesar 76.0 % , sehingga tingkat pemahaman peserta meningkat sebesar 93.0 %, AbstractApart from being a place of worship, the mosque also functions to gain knowledge of ustads and ustazahs, which are planned by the management of the mosque. Al Muharin Mosque, located on Umban Sari Street above the Rumbai District, is a complete mosque considered very good by the Pekanbar City Government. Among the problems that often occur are with regard to inheritance rights, the sense of ego and human desire makes many family members have dark eyes regardless of family feelings. Overcoming these problems, Mawaris training assistance must be provided through the use of an Android application for the Al Muhajirin Pekanbaru Mosque administrators and congregations. The stages of this assistance shall be pre-test, training, evaluation and post-test. The results of the assistance provided show that the level of understanding of the community in calculating the Mawaris  is still low at 17%. After participating in mentoring, the level of understanding of the participants increased to 93% and because the level of understanding of the participants in training increased 76%.
PENDAMPINGAN STRATEGI PEMASARAN DIGITAL PRODUK MAKANAN DALAM MENJALANKAN BISNIS DI ERA NEW NORMAL DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Rahmana Arief , Fauzi Muchammad , Suyono Annisa Maharani
Published: May 2021

AbstrakKondisi perekonomian Indonesia saat ini terdampak oleh situasi pandemi Covid-19 akibatnya banyak pelaku usaha pada UMKM yang mengalami keterpurukan. Sementara itu, pemerintah berupaya untuk memulihkan perekonomian Indonesia melalui fase new normal. Dengan demikian, pelaku usaha harus bisa beradaptasi dengan berbagai perubahan tersebut. Diantaranya dengan mengembangkan usahanya melalui pemasaran digital yang mendukung agar produk yang dihasilkan bisa di akses dari rumah. Penyuluhan dan pendampingan perlu dilakukan bagi masyarakat sebagai pelaku usaha yang berada di Kelurahan Margasari Kecamatan Buah Batu Kota Bandung dalam menjalankan bisnisnya di era new normal saat ini. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) ini diawali dengan survey lapangan oleh mahasiswa pada hari Rabu tanggal 10 Maret 2021 ke-6 UMKM. Pada tanggal 15 dan 16 Maret 2021 dilaksanakan penyuluhan Strategi Pemasaran Berbasis Digital untuk UMKM di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 dan pada tanggal 17 Maret 2021 dilaksanakan pendampingan langsung ke rumah warga yang menjalankan UMKM. Hasil dari kegiatan PkM 86,67% menurut UMKM terbantu dengan adanya kegiatan PkM melalui; 86,67% menurut UMKM mendapatkan pencerahan untuk mengembangkan usaha di masa Pandemi Covid-19; 80% menurut UMKM paham tentang pemasaran produk dengan bantuan teknologi digital. 73,33% menurut UMKM terbantu dengan pemanfaatan teknologi digital dalam mengembangakan UMKM.  AbstractThe current condition of the Indonesian economy is affected by the Covid-19 pandemic situation as a result of which many business actors at MSMEs are experiencing a downturn. Meanwhile, the government is trying to restore Indonesia's economy through a new normal phase. Thus, business actors must be able to adapt to these various changes. Among them by developing their business through digital marketing that supports the products produced can be accessed from home. Counseling and assistance need to be done for the community as business actors who are in Margasari Village, Buah Batu District, Bandung City in carrying out their business in the current new normal era. This Community Service (PkM) activity begins with a field survey by students on Wednesday, March 10, 2021, the 6th UMKM. On March 15 and 16, 2021, there was counseling on Digital-Based Marketing Strategies for MSMEs during the Covid-19 Pandemic and on March 17, 2021, direct assistance was carried out to the homes of residents who run MSMEs. The results of PkM activities are 86.67% according to MSMEs being helped by PkM activities through; 86.67% according to MSMEs got enlightenment to develop businesses during the Covid-19 Pandemic; 80% according to MSMEs understand product marketing with the help of digital technology. 73.33% according to MSMEs it was helped by the use of digital technology in developing MSMEs.