bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterization and investigation of photophysical and biological properties of Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of benzimidazole ligands
Authors: Sherwani Ibrahim Ali Hamad Ameen , Köse Ayşegül , Güngör Özge , Kırpık Hilal , Güngör Seyit Ali , Köse Muhammet
Published: January 2022

In this work, two benzimidazole ligands (L1 and L2) containing a central pyridine ring that have two alkylated (pentyl for L1 and hexyl for L2) benzimidazole units at the second and sixth positions were synthesized. Mononuclear Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with the general formulae of [ML(X)2] (where M: Cu(II) or Zn(II), L: L1 or L2 and X: NO3− or NCS−) were synthesized, and their structures were characterized by the spectroscopic and analytical methods. Moreover, Cu(II) complexes [CuL1(Bipy)](ClO4)2 and [CuL2(Bipy)](ClO4)2 (where Bipy: 2,2′‐bipyridine) were also prepared. The solid structures of complexes [CuL1(NCS)2, [CuL1(Bipy)](ClO4)2 and [CuL2(NO3)(EtOH)]NO3 were determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The DNA binding properties of the ligands and their metal complexes were investigated by the spectrophotometric titrations. The compounds showed considerable DNA binding affinities. The structural variations and coordination geometry around the metal centre were found to affect the binding properties.
Integration of inventory control into the port‐Hamiltonian framework for dissipative stabilization of chemical reactors
Authors: Hoang N. Ha , Ydstie B. Erik
Published: January 2022

This work integrates passivity‐based inventory control with the port‐Hamiltonian framework to design stabilizing feedback laws for lumped parameter chemically reacting systems. A static state feedback law with admissible controls is developed using an inventory‐related storage function as a closed loop Hamiltonian function. The control gain matrix is derived from the interconnection and damping matrices of the resulting Hamiltonian representation. Consequently, the proposed controller globally and exponentially stabilizes the system at a desired set‐point (including the open loop unstable equilibrium point) without restrictions on the reaction kinetics. Numerical simulations illustrate the application of the theory to a nonisothermal, continuous stirred tank reactor with the steady‐state multiplicity. The proposed approach is compared with the thermodynamic availability‐based control approach in terms of amplitude and variation rate to show its performance and effectiveness.
Synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and in vitro evaluation of biodegradable PLGA nanoparticles entrapped to folic acid for targeted delivery of kaempferitrin
Authors: Govindarasu Mydhili , Abirami Pari , Alharthi Salman S. , Thiruvengadam Muthu , Rajakumar Govindasamy , Vaiyapuri Manju
Published: January 2022

Polymeric nanoparticles are widely studied in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Kaempferitrin‐loaded nontoxic and biodegradable poly(d,l‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) developed by the solvent emulsion evaporation method by improving its solubility and bioavailability. In order to improve the delivery of kaempferitrin (KM) to cancerous cells, folic acid (FA) combined kaempfertrin PLGA NPs were prepared. The goal of the study was whether PLGA NPs with surface KM and FA could help to prevent colorectal cancer. The synthesis of KM with FA in a nanomedicine could be crucial in the development of colon cancer chemotherapeutics. The physicochemical characteristics of synthesized KM‐entrapped PLGA NPs were investigated by XRD, FTIR, zeta potential, and TEM. The KM + FA + PLGA NPs showed particle size with 132.9 ± 1.4 nm, zeta potential ‒15.0 ± 1.73 mV, encapsulation efficiency 67.92 ± 4.8, and drug‐loading capacity 0.463 ± 0.173. In vitro cytotoxicity study on HT‒29 cell lines using the MTT assay, the apoptotic study revealed that KM + FA + PLGA NPs have an enhanced cytotoxic effect compared to the KM + PLGA NPs drug solution. These findings suggested that KM + FA + PLGA NPs could be an effective chemotherapeutic drug delivery system in colon adenocarcinoma HT‐29 cells.
Midlife brain metastases in the United States: Is male at risk?
Authors: Che Wenqiang , Wang Yujiao , Wang Xiangyu , Lyu Jun
Published: January 2022

Background

Population‐based estimates of the impact of gender throughout the whole course of brain metastases (BMs) at the time of diagnosis of systemic malignancies are insufficient. We aimed to discover the influence of gender on the presence of BMs in newly diagnosed malignancies and the survival of those patients on a population‐based level.

Methods

Midlife patients (40 years ≤ age ≤60 years) with newly diagnosed malignancies and BMs at the time of diagnosis were abstracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of the National Cancer Institute. Clinical variables adjusted patient data. The LASSO regression was performed to exclude the possibility of collinearity. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied to find independent predictors for the presence of BMs, while univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to determine prognosticators of survival. K‐M curves were used to perform the survival analysis.

Result

276,327 population‐based samples met inclusion criteria between 2014 and 2016, and 5747 (2.08%) patients were diagnosed with BMs at the time of diagnosis of systematic malignancies. Among all midlife patients with cancer, 44.02% (121,634) were male, while 51.68% (2970) were male among patients with BMs at the time of diagnosis. The most frequent tumor type was breast cancer (23.11%), and lung cancer had the highest incidence proportion of BMs among the entire cohort (19.34%). The multivariable logistic regression model suggested that female (vs. male, odds ratio [OR] 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01–1.14, p < 0.001) was associated with a higher risk of the presence of BMs at the time of diagnosis. Moreover, in the multivariable Cox model for all‐cause mortality in individuals with BMs at diagnosis, female (vs. male, hazard ratio [HR], 0.86, 95% CI, 0.80–0.92, p < 0.001) was shown to have a lower risk of decreased all‐cause mortality.

Conclusion

The middle‐aged females were at increased risk of developing BMs, while the middle‐aged males with BMs were at higher risk of having poorer survival.
Protect students and staff from scams by providing proactive education, social media outreach
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: January 2022

Anecdotal evidence suggests that scams targeting college campuses, both the community at large and college and university students and staff, are on the rise — potentially due to financial difficulties related to the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Did court dismiss student‐athlete's negligence claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: January 2022

A Missouri Baptist University volleyball player attended an off‐campus party and later had sexual intercourse with a football player.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and in Silico Studies of New Pyrazoline Derivatives Bearing Benzo[d]thiazol‐2(3H)‐one Moiety as Potential Urease Inhibitors
Authors: Tok Fatih , Baltaş Nimet , Tatar Gizem , Koçyiğit‐Kaymakçıoğlu Bedia
Published: January 2022

Novel pyrazoline derivatives containing benzo[d]thiazol‐2(3H)‐one moiety were synthesized and screened for their inhibitory properties against urease, a clinically important metabolic enzyme. In vitro enzyme inhibition studies revealed that all pyrazolines (7.21–87.77 μM) were more potent than the standard inhibitor acetohydroxamic acid (251.74 μM) against the urease enzyme. Most notably, compound 2m, which is more active than the other compounds in vitro and molecular docking studies, showed a significant inhibition potential and efficient IC50 values (7.21±0.09 μM) and in silico inhibition constant (0.11 μM). Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis suggests that the binding stability of urease enzyme and compound 2m were stably maintained during the 100 ns simulation time. Compound 2m also exhibited good physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters. The overall results of urease inhibition have indicated that these pyrazoline derivative compounds can be further optimized and developed for the discovery of novel urease inhibitors.
Understanding repeat hospitalizations in intermediate‐to‐high risk aortic stenosis patients following transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Chiou Andrew , Yap Jonathan , Russo Steven , Stripe Benjamin R. , Wong Garrett B. , Southard Jeffrey A.
Published: January 2022

Objectives

We describe the causes, timing and predictors of readmissions and analyze its impact on clinical outcomes in intermediate‐to‐high‐risk patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Background

Intermediate‐high risk TAVR patients with severe AS have an increased risk for hospital readmissions due to the high burden of comorbidities.

Methods

Patients who underwent TAVR from 2012 to 2018 at a single tertiary cardiac center were included and followed for 1 year. Readmissions were categorized as noncardiovascular (non‐CV) and CV.

Results

A total of 611 patients (410 with no readmissions, 201 with ≥1 readmissions) were included. There was a total of 317 readmissions (mean: 1.58 ± 1.09 per readmitted patient) with 65 patients having ≥2 readmissions. 64.0% were non‐CV and 36.0% were CV. The top three CV causes were pacemaker/implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator placement, bleeding, and stroke. About 23% occurred at 1 m, the majority were CV; 45% occurred between 7 and 12 m, the majority were non‐CV. Those with ≥1 readmissions had a higher burden of comorbidities including peripheral arterial disease, diabetes, immunosuppression, prior percutaneous coronary interventions, and dialysis. Readmissions were associated with higher 1‐year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.53, 95% confidence interval: 1.40–4.59; p = 0.002). High‐risk patients had higher non‐CV readmissions (0.37 ± 0.79 vs. 0.25 ± 0.62; p = 0.044) compared to intermediate‐risk patients but similar CV readmissions (p = 0.645).

Conclusions

Understanding readmissions post‐TAVR will promote the early identification of at‐risk groups and the implementation of preventative measures to improve outcomes and reduce the burden and costs of readmissions.
Gore Cardioform ASD device thrombus weeks after COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Aquino Liliam , Muniz Juan Carlos , Laufer Pablo Marcelo , Prieto Lourdes R.
Published: January 2022

Device‐related thrombosis and device‐related endocarditis after atrial septal defect (ASD) transcatheter closure are extremely rare. It is known that COVID‐19 infection could lead to a thrombotic microangiopathy‐like phenomenon. We present the case of a 14‐year‐old female who developed fever and was found to have a thrombus on the right atrial side of the ASD closure device weeks after an asymptomatic COVID‐19 infection and negative COVID‐19 test 2 days before transcatheter ASD closure. Although there is no certainty that the thrombus was related to the prior COVID‐19 infection, the possibility of an ongoing COVID‐19‐related hypercoagulable state should be entertained.
Effect of hydrophilic–lipophilic balance values of sucrose esters on cornstarch retrogradation
Authors: Chen Yan , Wang Yu‐Sheng , Yu Zhen , Chen Hai‐Hua
Published: January 2022

Background and objectives

The relationship between the different hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) values of sucrose esters and the retardant effect on the cornstarch retrogradation have not been investigated. The present research was aimed to evaluate the effects of the sucrose esters with different HLB values on the retrogradation properties by analyzing the changes in the crystalline structure and water mobility of cornstarch gels after storage.

Findings

All sucrose ester with HLB value (2–15), especially the HLB 15, could retard the long‐term retrogradation of cornstarch gels. After being stored for the same time, the retrograded cornstarch gels containing sucrose ester of HLB 15 had the lowest hardness, relative crystallinity, and R1047/1022. Compared with the additive‐free cornstarch, the hardness, relative crystallinity, and R1047/1022 of cornstarch with sucrose ester of HLB 15 were significantly decreased by 142 g, 8.66%, and 0.41, respectively, after being stored at 4°C for 7 days.

Conclusions

Sucrose ester with a high HLB value showed a strong retardant effect on the starch retrogradation.

Significance and novelty

These results suggested that sucrose ester with higher HLB value might be a more effective additive in retarding the retrogradation of cornstarch gels.
A fatal case of COVID‐19 breakthrough infection due to the delta variant
Authors: Bignardi Elio , Brogna Claudia , Capasso Chiara , Brogna Barbara
Published: January 2022

COVID‐19 infections that occur at least 2 weeks after complete vaccination are known as breakthrough infections. Herein, we report a clinical case resembling breakthrough infection that was correlated with a higher score of COVID‐19 pneumonia on chest computed tomography (CT) in a patient who resulted positive for the delta variant and who died during the hospitalization.
Day 14 intervention for penetrating brain injury with a good Glasgow Coma Scale score: A case report
Authors: Matsubara Mai , Sakamoto Yoshiaki , Takahashi Satoshi , Ota Yu , Kishi Kazuo
Published: January 2022

Penetrating brain injury is a rare pathology generally requiring emergency surgical intervention. We discuss a case of penetrating brain injury by the umbrella in which surgical intervention was performed 14 days after the injury, and obtained good clinical results.
Penetrating thorn in the heart complicated by infective endocarditis
Authors: Hassan Salah Eldin M. E. , Ahmed Mohamed Alamin , Hussein Sabir Taha , Elsheikh Abdallah Elamin , Eljack Moh. Mah. Fadel Alla , Salah‐Eldien Hassan Haroun Mazin , Mohamed Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla , Elfatih Mustafa Ghassan
Published: January 2022

A 3‐year‐old child presented with recurrent chest pain for 3 months, echocardiography showed a thorn inside the left ventricle, the patient was diagnosed with foreign body complicated with infective endocarditis and received proper treatment, and operation was performed after inflammatory reaction subsided.
Springboard Role for Iridium Photocatalyst: Theoretical Insight of C(sp3)−N Cross‐Coupling by Photoredox‐Mediated Iridium/Copper Dual Catalysis versus Single‐Copper Catalysis
Authors: Li Run‐Han , Wang Shuang , Zhao Zhi‐Wen , Geng Yun , Wang Xin‐Long , Su Zhong‐Min , Guan Wei
Published: January 2022

Photoredox‐mediated dual metal catalysis has been considered as a more efficient method for cross‐coupling reactions than single metal catalysis, however, the nature of the significant difference is still unclear. In this work, theoretical research into the decarboxylative C(sp3)−N couplings by IrIII/CuI metallaphotoredox catalysis has been performed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A cooperative catalysis mechanism merging the photocatalytic cycle (IrIII−*IrIII−IrII−IrIII) and the copper catalytic cycle (CuI−CuII−CuIII−CuI) has more advantages. For the dual catalysis, the photocatalyst plays a “springboard” role in matching better the energy levels of IrIII/CuI and CuI/substrates, which could improve the single electron transfer rate. Moreover, exogenous bases could adjust the proton transfer process and decrease the energy barrier of the rate‐determining step to achieve the regioselective monofunctionalization. These theoretical insights could contribute to a deeper understanding of the nature of the photocatalytic decarboxylation reaction and to further developing new cross‐coupling reactions.
Narrow‐bandwidth emissive carbon dots: A rising star in the fluorescent material family
Authors: Zhao Biao , Ma Huanyu , Zheng Mengyun , Xu Kunxiang , Zou Chao , Qu Songnan , Tan Zhan'ao
Published: January 2022

Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) have recently become a research hotspot in multidisciplinary fields owing to their distinctive advantages, including outstanding photoluminescence properties, high biocompatibility, low toxicity, and abundant raw materials. Among the promising CDs, narrow‐bandwidth emissive CDs with high color purity have emerged as a rising star in recent years because of their significant potential applications in bioimaging, information sensing, and photoelectric displays. In this review, the state‐of‐the‐art advances of narrow‐bandwidth emissive CDs are systematically summarized, and the factors influencing the emission bandwidth, preparation methods, and applications of narrow‐bandwidth emissive CDs are described in detail. Besides, existing challenges and future perspectives for achieving high‐performance narrow‐bandwidth emissive CDs are also discussed. This overview paper is expected to generate more interest and promote the rapid development of this significant research area.
Mechanistic Insight into Hydroboration of Imines from Combined Computational and Experimental Studies
Authors: Zou Wentian , Gao Liuzhou , Cao Jia , Li Zhenxing , Li Guoao , Wang Guoqiang , Li Shuhua
Published: January 2022

Boron Lewis acid‐catalyzed and catalyst‐free hydroboration reactions of imines are attractive due to the mild reaction conditions. In this work, the mechanistic details of the hydroboration reactions of two different kinds of imines with pinacolborane (HBpin) are investigated by combining density functional theory calculations and some experimental studies. For the hydroboration reaction of N‐(α‐methylbenzylidene)aniline catalyzed by tris[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borane (BArF3), our calculations show that the reaction proceeds through a boron Lewis acid‐promoted hydride transfer mechanism rather than the classical Lewis acid activation mechanism. For the catalyst‐ and solvent‐free hydroboration reaction of imine, N‐benzylideneaniline, our calculations and experimental studies indicate that this reaction is difficult to occur under the reaction conditions reported previously. With a combination of computational and experimental studies, we have established that the commercially available BH3 ⋅ SMe2 can serve as an efficient catalyst for the hydroboration reactions of N‐benzylideneaniline and similar imines. The hydroboration reactions catalyzed by BH3 ⋅ SMe2 are most likely to proceed through a hydroboration/B−H/B−N σ‐bond metathesis pathway, which is very different from that of the reaction catalyzed by BArF3.
Problematische Abluftbegleitstoffe – Abluftreinigung im Spiegel des Pariser Abkommens
Authors: Rafflenbeul Lutz , Rafflenbeul Rolf
Published: January 2022

Es werden neue Verfahren zur Abluftreinigung mit verbesserter Ökonomie und geringer Kohlendioxidbildung vorgestellt. Im Fokus steht die Behandlung von besonders problematischen Emissionen in der chemischen und pharmazeutischen Industrie. Hierbei werden besonders Emissionsspeicher beim Batchbetrieb mit Molekularsieben und flexiblem Textilgewebe hervorgehoben. Einschätzungen zu photolytischen Verfahren und Erfahrungswerte aus der Praxis machen den aktuellen Stand eines wesentlichen Teils der BVT‐Abluftreinigungstechnik überschaubar.
Die Geschichte der anthropogenen Metallmobilisierung
Authors: Kippes Thomas , Reller Armin
Published: January 2022

Metalle haben seit der erstmaligen Nutzung durch den Menschen vor vermutlich 7.000 bis 9.000 Jahren stetig an Bedeutung gewonnen. Allein Eisen und Stahl wurden im Jahr 2019 in einer Größenordnung von etwa 3,2 Milliarden Tonnen produziert. Dieser Artikel beleuchtet die Entwicklungsgeschichte der anthropogenen Metallnutzung von der Kupferzeit über wichtige Stationen wie die griechische und römische Antike, über die Industrialisierung bis hin zur neuzeitlichen, massenhaften Funktionalisierung aller Metalle des Periodensystems. Das narrative Hauptaugenmerk liegt dabei auf der zunehmenden Verteilung und Mobilisierung von Metallen durch den Menschen, und den damit einhergehenden Überschneidungen geosphärischer und technosphärischer Stoffkreisläufe und deren Auswirkungen.
Numerical simulation on the larger concentration difference characteristics of dense granular jet in a coaxial gas stream
Authors: Zhou Shengyu , Xu Jianliang , Dai Zhenghua , Liu Haifeng
Published: January 2022

This work is devoted to the numerical study of particle dispersion prediction of gas–solid coaxial jet with a larger concentration difference. In pulverized coal gasifier, the pulverized coal is very dense at the nozzle outlet, and its volume fraction can reach 0.3. Then, it is dispersed rapidly under the action of high‐speed annular gas, and the particle volume fraction in the space is less than 0.002. In order to better predict the motion characteristics of a gas–solid jet with a high concentration gradient, the applicability of the three models is compared. The results show that the dense discrete phase model (DDPM) and Eulerian two‐fluid model (TFM) models considering particles collision can accurately predict the dense jet flow at low annular gas velocity. The DDPM and discrete phase model (DPM) show a good simulation for the dispersion characteristics of particles at high annular velocities where the particles' collision could be ignored. Therefore, DDPM has better adaptability for coaxial jet with large concentration gradient. The DDPM was used to predict the particle velocity and concentration for different annular gas velocities and different particle mass loads. It is found that particle flow is contracted first and then dispersed gradually under the action of airflow. The particle dispersion range increases with the increase of solid loading rate, and the corresponding radial distribution of particle velocity is greater.
The granulation tissue preservation technique in regenerative periodontal surgery—a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Adam Knut , Günay Hüsamettin , Vaske Bernhard , Flohr Marco , Staufenbiel Ingmar
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To investigate if the application of the granulation tissue preservation technique (GTPT) in regenerative therapy of infrabony periodontal defects results in more clinical attachment level (CAL) gain and more radiographic bone gain (RBG) than the conventional resective approach 12 months after surgery.

Materials and methods

Forty patients exhibiting at least one infrabony defect with a probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥6 mm and a radiographic infrabony component (INFRAX‐ray) ≥3 mm were randomly treated with the GTPT (test group) or the double‐flap approach with resection of the defect‐filling granulation tissue (control group). Enamel matrix derivatives were applied in both groups. Clinical and radiographic parameters were recorded at baseline (t0), 6 months (t1), and 12 months (t2) after surgery. The primary outcome variable was CAL gain between t0 and t2.

Results

When all patients were considered, ΔCALt0–t2 did not differ significantly between the two groups (p = .160). Significant PPD reduction (test group: 4.38 ± 1.36 mm; control group: 4.06 ± 2.38 mm), CAL gain (test group: 3.75 ± 1.24 mm; control group: 2.88 ± 2.09 mm), and RBG (test group: 3.06 ± 1.74 mm; control group: 3.27 ± 2.19 mm) were achieved at t2 in both groups. Using multivariate linear regression, PPDt0 and group were identified as variables with the greatest influence on ΔCALt0–t2. PPDt0 and INFRAX‐ray were identified as variables with the greatest influence on RBGt0–t2. Patients with a defect angle >22° showed significantly more CAL gain in the test group (t0–t1: 3.08 ± 1.38 mm; t0–t2: 3.62 ± 0.96 mm) than in the control group (t0–t1: 1.77 ± 1.54 mm; t0–t2: 2.18 ± 1.83 mm).

Conclusions

Regarding all patients, the study failed to show significant differences between the test and control groups. However, the GTPT appears to lead to more CAL gain in noncontaining infrabony defects.
Close‐spaced plant arrangement optimizes castor biomass and seed yields in tropical fall–winter conditions
Authors: Kotz‐Gurgacz Tailene E. , Soratto Rogério P. , Guidorizzi Fernando V. C. , Gilabel Amanda P. , Souza Emerson F. C.
Published: January 2022

The high seed yield and optimum harvesting of short‐height castor (Ricinus communis L.) genotypes have enabled its large‐scale cultivation and introduction in the Brazilian cropping systems. Thus, studies to optimize plant density are essential to adequate plant population since this is the key management to influence castor biomass and seed production. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of plant density by altering plant arrangement (i.e., spacing between and within rows) on growth, biomass production and partitioning, and seed yield of a castor cultivar in fall–winter cropping season. Field experiments were conducted over two seasons in southeastern Brazil. Two close‐spaced (0.45 × 0.23 m and 0.45 × 0.44 m) and a traditional (0.90 × 0.44 m) plant arrangements were tested. Plant arrangements influenced plant growth, biomass production and partitioning, and seed yield. Compared to the traditional layout, close‐spaced plant arrangements resulted in thinner basal stems and lower leaf area per plant, but increased leaf area index. The plant arrangement with higher plant density increased per‐unit area production of stem plus leaf biomass (43–48%), which also resulted in increased (24%) seed yield, compared to traditional layout. Although a greater amount of biomass was partitioned to reproductive organs in close‐spaced plant arrangements, this allocation was not enough to influence the harvest index. Therefore, the adaptive performance of short‐height castor adjusting biomass partitioning to maximize stem plus leaf biomass production and seed yield at close‐spaced plant arrangement demonstrated this to be a suitable option to cultivate in the Brazilian fall–winter season.
Socially responsible human resource management and employee ethical voice: Roles of employee ethical self‐efficacy and organizational identification
Authors: Liao Zhongju , Cheng Jialin , Chen Qian
Published: January 2022

Using social cognitive theory, we examine the relationship between socially responsible human resource management (SRHRM) and employees' ethical voice. Our study also explores the mediating role of employees' ethical self‐efficacy and the moderating role of organizational identification. Analysis of data gathered over three separate periods indicates that SRHRM is positively related to employees' ethical voice and that this relationship is mediated by employees' ethical self‐efficacy. Furthermore, employees' organizational identification influences not only the positive relationship between SRHRM and employees' self‐efficacy but also the indirect relationship between SRHRM and ethical voice via ethical self‐efficacy. The findings of this study provide theoretical contributions and managerial implications for SRHRM and ethical voice.
Impact of adaptive natural killer cells, KLRC2 genotype and cytomegalovirus reactivation on late mortality in patients with severe COVID‐19 lung disease
Authors: Jaiswal Sarita Rani , Arunachalam Jaganath , Bhardwaj Ashutosh , Saifullah Ashraf , Lakhchaura Rohit , Soni Mayank , Bhagawati Gitali , Chakrabarti Suparno
Published: January 2022

Objective

SARS‐CoV‐2 infection results in severe lung disease in up to 50% of hospitalised patients. The aetiopathogenesis in a subset of such patients, who continue to have progressive pulmonary disease following virus clearance, remains unexplored.

Methods

We investigated the role of NKG2C+/NKG2A− adaptive natural killer (ANK) cells, KLRC2 genotype and cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation in 22 such patients.

Results

The median duration of virus positivity was 23 days, and the median duration of hospitalisation was 48 days. The overall survival at 60 days in this group was 50%. Older age and comorbidities impacted survival negatively. CMV viraemia was documented in 11 patients, with a survival of 25% vs 80% in those without viraemia with viral load correlating with mortality. Both NK and T cells were markedly depressed in all patients at day 15. However, only persistently low ANK cells at 30 days along with an inversely high NKG2C−/NKG2A+ inhibitory NK cells significantly correlated with high CMV viraemia and mortality, irrespective of KLRC2 genotype. However, day 30 ANK cells were significantly lower in the KLRC2 deletion group. The release of IFN‐γ and perforin was severely compromised in all patients at day +15, with significant improvement in the survivors at day +30, but not in those with adverse outcome.

Conclusion

Patients with progressive lung disease even after negative SARS‐CoV‐2 status, with persistently reduced and functionally compromised ANK cells, are more likely to have CMV reactivation and an adverse outcome, independent of KLRC2 genotype.
OMIP 082: A 25‐color phenotyping to define human innate lymphoid cells, natural killer cells, mucosal‐associated invariant T cells, and γδ T cells from freshly isolated human intestinal tissue
Authors: Doyle Chloe M. , Fewings Nicole L. , Ctercteko Grahame , Byrne Scott N. , Harman Andrew N. , Bertram Kirstie M.
Published: January 2022

We developed a 25‐color flow cytometry panel to comprehensively interrogate innate lymphoid cells (ILC), mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, natural killer (NK) cells and γδ T cells in human tissues. The ability to isolate and interrogate these cells from fresh human tissue is crucial in understanding the role these cells play at immune‐privileged mucosal surfaces like the intestine in health and disease settings. However, liberating these cells from tissue is extremely challenging as many key surface identification markers are susceptible to enzymatic cleavage. Choosing the correct enzyme‐antibody clone combination within a high‐parameter panel is, therefore, a critical consideration. Here, we present a comprehensive, in‐depth analysis of the effect different common digestive enzyme blends have on key surface markers used to identify these cell types. In addition, we compared multiple antibody clones for surface markers that are highly susceptible to enzymatic cleavage, such as CD127 and NKp44, to achieve the most consistent and superior staining patterns among donors.
Nitrification, denitrification, and competition for soilN: Evaluation of twoEarth System Modelsagainst observations
Authors: Nevison Cynthia , Hess Peter , Goodale Christine , Zhu Qing , Vira Julius
Published: January 2022

Earth System Models (ESMs) have implemented nitrogen (N) cycles to account for N limitation on terrestrial carbon uptake. However, representing inputs, losses, and recycling of N in ESMs is challenging. Here, we use global rates and ratios of key soil N fluxes, including nitrification, denitrification, mineralization, leaching, immobilization, and plant uptake (both NH4+and NO3−), from the literature to evaluate the N cycles in the land model components of two ESMs. The two land models evaluated here, E3SM Land Model version 1 (ELMv1)‐ECA and CLM5.0, originated from a common model but have diverged in their representation of plant–microbe competition for soil N. The models predict similar global rates of gross primary productivity (GPP) but have approximately two‐fold to three‐fold differences in their underlying global mineralization, immobilization, plant N uptake, nitrification, and denitrification fluxes. Both models dramatically underestimate the immobilization of NO3−by soil bacteria compared with literature values and predict dominance of plant uptake by a single form of mineral nitrogen (NO3−for ELM, with regional exceptions, and NH4+for CLM5.0). CLM5.0 strongly underestimates the global ratio of gross nitrification:gross mineralization and both models are likely to substantially underestimate the ratio of nitrification:denitrification. Few experimental data exist to evaluate this last ratio, in part because nitrification and denitrification are quantified using different techniques and because denitrification fluxes are difficult to measure at all. More observational constraints on soil nitrogen fluxes such as nitrification and denitrification, as well as greater scrutiny of the functional impact of introducing separate NH4+and NO3−pools into ESMs, could help to improve confidence in present and future simulations of N limitation on the carbon cycle.
Effects of stand structure and ungulates on understory vegetation in managed and unmanaged forests
Authors: Chevaux Laura , Mårell Anders , Baltzinger Christophe , Boulanger Vincent , Cadet Serge , Chevalier Richard , Debaive Nicolas , Dumas Yann , Gosselin Marion , Gosselin Frédéric , Rocquencourt Agnès , Paillet Yoan
Published: January 2022

Conventional conservation policies in Europe notably rely on the passive restoration of natural forest dynamics by setting aside forest areas to preserve forest biodiversity. However, since forest reserves cover only a small proportion of the territory, conservation policies also require complementary conservation efforts in managed forests in order to achieve the biodiversity targets set up in the Convention on Biological Diversity. Conservation measures also raise the question of large herbivore management in and around set‐asides, particularly regarding their impact on understory vegetation. Although many studies have separately analyzed the effects of forest management, management abandonment, and ungulate pressure on forest biodiversity, their joint effects have rarely been studied in a correlative framework. We studied 212 plots located in 15 strict forest reserves paired with adjacent managed forests in European France. We applied structural equation models to test the effects of management abandonment, stand structure, and ungulate pressure on the abundance, species richness, and diversity of herbaceous vascular plants and terricolous bryophytes. We showed that stand structure indices and plot‐level browsing pressure had direct and opposite effects on herbaceous vascular plant species diversity; these effects were linked with the light tolerance of the different species groups. Increasing canopy cover had an overall negative effect on herbaceous vascular plant abundance and species diversity. The effect was two to three times greater in magnitude than the positive effects of browsing pressure on herbaceous plants diversity. On the other hand, a high stand density index had a positive effect on the species richness and diversity of bryophytes, while browsing had no effect. Forest management abandonment had few direct effects on understory plant communities, and mainly indirectly affected herbaceous vascular plant and bryophyte abundance and species richness and diversity through changes in vertical stand structure. Our results show that conservation biologists should rely on foresters and hunters to lead the preservation of understory vegetation communities in managed forests since, respectively, they manipulate stand structure and regulate ungulate pressure. Their management actions should be adapted to the taxa at stake, since bryophytes and vascular plants respond differently to stand and ungulate factors.
Are saltmarshes younger than mangrove swamps?
Authors: Vermeij Geerat J.
Published: January 2022

Temperate saltmarshes and tropical mangrove swamps (mangals) are marine‐influenced, productive ecosystems that enhance nutrient transfers between land and sea and facilitate colonization of lineages between terrestrial and marine habitats. Mangals have existed since the late Cretaceous, but the time of origin of saltmarshes is less clear. On the basis of phylogenetic and fossil evidence for plants and molluscs specialized to these ecosystems, I propose that saltmarsh vegetation of angiosperms began during the latest Eocene to Early Oligocene (35–30 Ma), at least 34 m.y. after the origin of mangals. The plants that colonized saltmarshes then and later have mainly temperate origins, contrasting with the tropical‐forest origins of mangroves. Unlike the plants, the few saltmarsh‐specialized molluscs are derived from tropical lineages and reflect recent colonizations. The development of saltmarshes during the Neogene enhanced near shore productivity along temperate and Arctic coastlines.
First insight of genetic diversity, phylogeographic relationships, and population structure of marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis from the eastern and western Mediterranean coasts of Tunisia
Authors: Moussa Maha , Choulak Sarra , Rhouma‐Chatti Soumaya , Chatti Noureddine , Said Khaled
Published: January 2022

Despite the strategic localization of Tunisia in the Mediterranean Sea, no phylogeographic study on sponges has been investigated along its shores. The demosponge Chondrosia reniformis, descript only morphologically along Tunisian coasts, was chosen to estimate the influence of natural oceanographic and biogeographic barriers on its genetic differentiation and its Phylogeography. The cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was amplified and analyzed for 70 Mediterranean Chondrosia reniformis, collected from eight localities in Tunisia. Polymorphism results revealed high values of haplotype diversity (Hd) and very low nucleotide diversity (π). Thus, these results suggest that our sponge populations of C. reniformis may have undergone a bottleneck followed by rapid demographic expansion. This suggestion is strongly confirmed by the results of neutrality tests and “mismatch distribution.” The important number of haplotypes between localities and the high genetic differentiation (Fst ranged from 0.590 to 0.788) of the current C. reniformis populations could be maintained by the limited gene flow Nm (0.10–0.18). Both haplotype Network and the biogeographic analysis showed a structured distribution according to the geographic origin. C. reniformis populations are subdivided into two major clades: Western and Eastern Mediterranean. This pattern seems to be associated with the well‐known discontinuous biogeographic area: the Siculo‐Tunisian Strait, which separates two water bodies circulating with different hydrological, physical, and chemical characteristics. The short dispersal of pelagic larvae of C. reniformis and the marine bio‐geographic barrier created high differentiation among populations. Additionally, it is noteworthy to mention that the “Mahres/Kerkennah” group diverged from Eastern groups in a single sub‐clade. This result was expected, the region Mahres/Kerkennah, presented a particular marine environment.
Toward a conceptual framework for managing and conserving marine habitats: A case study of kelp forests in the Salish Sea
Authors: Hollarsmith Jordan A. , Andrews Kelly , Naar Nicole , Starko Samuel , Calloway Max , Obaza Adam , Buckner Emily , Tonnes Daniel , Selleck James , Therriault Thomas W.
Published: January 2022

Kelp forests are in decline across much of their range due to place‐specific combinations of local and global stressors. Declines in kelp abundance can lead to cascading losses of biodiversity and productivity with far‐reaching ecological and socioeconomic consequences. The Salish Sea is a hotspot of kelp diversity where many species of kelp provide critical habitat and food for commercially, ecologically, and culturally important fish and invertebrate species. However, like other regions, kelp forests in much of the Salish Sea are in rapid decline. Data gaps and limited long‐term monitoring have hampered attempts to identify and manage for specific drivers of decline, despite the documented urgency to protect these important habitats. To address these knowledge gaps, we gathered a focus group of experts on kelp in the Salish Sea to identify perceived direct and indirect stressors facing kelp forests. We then conducted a comprehensive literature review of peer‐reviewed studies from the Salish Sea and temperate coastal ecosystems worldwide to assess the level of support for the pathways identified by the experts, and we identified knowledge gaps to prioritize future research. Our results revealed major research gaps within the Salish Sea and highlighted the potential to use expert knowledge for making informed decisions in the region. We found high support for the pathways in the global literature, with variable consensus on the relationship between stressors and responses across studies, confirming the influence of local ecological, oceanographic, and anthropogenic contexts and threshold effects on stressor–response relationships. Finally, we prioritized areas for future research in the Salish Sea. This study demonstrates the value expert opinion has to inform management decisions. These methods are readily adaptable to other ecosystem management contexts, and the results of this case study can be immediately applied to kelp management.
Climatic stability, not average habitat temperature, determines thermal tolerance of subterranean beetles
Authors: Colado Raquel , Pallarés Susana , Fresneda Javier , Mammola Stefano , Rizzo Valeria , Sánchez‐Fernández David
Published: January 2022

The climatic variability hypothesis predicts the evolution of species with wide thermal tolerance ranges in environments with variable temperatures, and the evolution of thermal specialists in thermally stable environments. In caves, the extent of spatial and temporal thermal variability experienced by taxa decreases with their degree of specialization to deep subterranean habitats. We use phylogenetic generalized least squares to model the relationship among thermal tolerance (upper lethal limits), subterranean specialization (estimated using ecomorphological traits), and habitat temperature in 16 beetle species of the tribe Leptodirini (Leiodidae). We found a significant, negative relationship between thermal tolerance and the degree of subterranean specialization. Conversely, habitat temperature had only a marginal effect on lethal limits. In agreement with the climatic variability hypothesis and under a climate change context, we show that the specialization process to live in deep subterranean habitats involves a reduction of upper lethal limits, but not an adjustment to habitat temperature. Thermal variability seems to exert a higher evolutionary pressure than mean habitat temperature to configure the thermal niche of subterranean species. Our results provide novel insights on thermal physiology of species with poor dispersal capabilities and on the evolutionary process of adaptation to subterranean environments. We further emphasize that the pathways determining vulnerability of subterranean species to climate change greatly depend on the degree of specialization to deep subterranean environments.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Base‐Promoted Radical Cascade Difluoroalkylation‐Cyclization‐Iodination of 1,6‐Enynes with Ethyl Difluoroiodoacetate
Authors: Wang Yan , Liu Ruyan , Zhou Pengsheng , Wu Jianglong , Li Wenshuang , Wang Chenyu , Li Hao , Li Dianjun , Yang Jinhui
Published: January 2022

A visible‐light‐driven base‐promoted radical cascade difluoroalkylation/5‐exo‐dig cyclization/iodination of 1,6‐enynes with ethyl difluoroiodoacetate was developed under catalyst‐free and oxidant‐free conditions. The difluoroalkylated pyrrolidines and tetrahydrofuran derivatives were generated with good functional group tolerance and high Z/E stereoselectivity. This reaction provided an alternative and mild method for the preparation of highly functionalized and vinyl C−I bonds containing five‐membered heterocyclic products.
IntramolecularAnti‐Carbolithiation of Alkynes: Stereo‐Directing Effect of Lithium‐Coordinating Substituents
Authors: Ly Kim Uyen , Boussonnière Anne , Castanet Anne‐Sophie
Published: January 2022

This paper presents the results of our investigations on the stereochemical course of intramolecular carbolithiation of alkynes. It is shown that the presence of a lithium‐chelating propargylic substituent completely reverses the otherwise favoredsyn‐process towards ananti‐addition. The reaction was studied by both experiment and computation. Electrophile trapping and domino process led to the stereocontrolled preparation of tetrasubstituted alkylidene indenol derivatives. Additionally, preliminary results on challenging desymmetrizing carbolithiation mediated by an external chiral ligand of lithium are provided.
A Novel Label‐free Chronoamperometric Immunosensor Based on a Biocomposite Material for Rapid Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen
Authors: Moonla Chochanon , Chenkhuruthum Suphaporn , Ouiram Tik , Preechaworapun Anchana , Tapala Weerinradah , Ngamchuea Kamonwad , Tangkuaram Tanin
Published: January 2022

In this research, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)‐capped gold nanoparticles, nickel ferrite particles, and carbon nanotubes were combined to form a PANC metal composite. The prepared metal composite modified onto a glassy carbon electrode was electropolymerized with poly(o‐phenylenediamine) and immobilized with horseradish peroxidase, anti‐carcinoembryonic antigen antibody, and bovine serum albumin to create the label‐free immunosensors for rapid detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using chronoamperometry. This developed biocomposite material modified onto a glassy carbon electrode presented an excellent electrocatalytic response to the redox reaction of hydrogen peroxide as a sensing probe, from which the kinetic parameters including of a charge transfer rate constant, a diffusion coefficient value, an electroactive surface area, and a surface concentration were calculated to be 1.85 s−1, 4.28×10−6 cm2 s−1, 0.14 cm2 and 1.87×10−8 mol cm−2, respectively. The developed immunosensors also exhibited a wide linear range of CEA concentration from 0.01 to 25 ng mL−1 with high sensitivity (96.21 μA cm−2 ng−1 mL) and low detection limit (0.72 pg mL−1), excellent selectivity without interfering effects from possible species (amoxicillin, ascorbic acid, aspirin, caffeine, cholesterol, dopamine, glucose, and uric acid), outstanding stability (n=100, %I>50 %), repeatability (%RSD=0.34, n=10), reproducibility (%RSD=4.06, n=10), and rapid analysis (25 s each operation time). This proposed method was successfully applied for CEA detection in whole blood samples with satisfactory results, suggesting that this developed sensing platform may be considered to be exploited for fabrication of other label‐free electrochemical immunosensors for the real sample analysis.
Simultaneous, Selective and Highly Sensitive Voltammetric Determination of Lead, Cadmium, and Zinc via Modified Pencil Graphite Electrodes
Authors: Ustabasi Gul Sirin , Yilmaz Ismail , Ozcan Mustafa , Cetinkaya Ebru
Published: January 2022

Pencil graphite electrode (PGE) modified with MWCNT and Bi3+ (MWCNT/Bi/PGE) was utilized in simultaneous analysis of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+. Surface and electrochemical characteristics of MWCNT/Bi/PGE were investigated via SEM, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and FTIR measurements. Even though modification with MWCNT did not improve the electroactive surface area, it significantly decreased the charge transfer resistance. Furthermore, modification with Bi3+ significantly increased the sensitivity. Finally, MWCNT/Bi/PGE exhibited the highest sensitivity and reproducibility compared to PGE and PGE modified with only MWCNT. MWCNT/Bi/PGE provided LOD values of 0.27, 0.43, and 1.63 μg L−1, and linear ranges of 1–80, 5–80, and 10–80 μg L−1 for Pb2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+, respectively. Proposed modification method offers effective electroanalytical performance with low time consumption and cost for the analyst.