bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poder, liderança e violências teológicas: reflexões nas mensagens de Jesus de Nazaré
Authors: Coutinho Bruno , Barbosa Eva Gislane , Perondi Ildo , Moura Nicolas
Published: January 2024

Resumo

Ao observar a Bíblia, sendo um dos livros mais lidos em todo o mundo, encontramos no Antigo Testamento algumas formas de liderança e poder que geravam violência e injustiça, mas tudo isso muda com a vinda de Jesus Cristo que desfaz a lei do “olho por olho e dente por dente” pela lei do amor. No Antigo Testamento, os líderes muitas vezes se destacavam por suas habilidades militares ou políticas. As histórias frequentemente giravam em torno de conquistas e vitórias. Jesus, no entanto, apresentou uma abordagem inovadora. Ele se autodenominava "Bom Pastor", um termo que ressoava com a ideia de guiar, proteger e sacrificar em benefício de seu rebanho. Jesus ensinava e demonstrava com a vida que o poder deve ser exercido como um serviço, sobretudo às pessoas excluídas e marginalizadas, um múnus bem diferente do que estava escrito na placa acima de sua cabeça, na ponta de sua cruz, no dia de sua morte: “Jesus, Rei dos Judeus”. Essa nova forma de liderança se afastou das noções tradicionais de autoridade e, desta forma, enfatizou o cuidado, a compaixão e a doação da vida para com todo o povo de Deus.

 

Palavras-chaves: Liderança. Poder. Jesus Cristo. Serviço.
A crucificação de Jesus no quadro das violências do Mundo Antigo
Authors: Torquato Junior Clovis , Artuso Vicente
Published: January 2024

Este artigo estuda a crucificação dentro do contexto de violência do Mundo Antigo. Em face da crucificação de Jesus, o personagem que trouxe a imagem da cruz para o Ocidente, lugar em que o cristianismo se difundiu, a principal questão estudada é: “Em qual contexto a crucificação pode ser enquadrada?” Deve ser vista como um ato isolado, no qual Deus sacrificou seu Filho? Ou, pelo contrário, a crucificação foi a principal forma de matar violentamente no Mundo Antigo, eleita pelos romanos como propaganda de terror de Estado e de advertência contra criminosos? Os pontos estudados são: 1) a origem da crucificação; 2) os vocábulos referentes à crucificação; 3) os flagelos como parte da crucificação; 4) o titulus crucis; 5) a crucificação como forma violenta de matar; 6) a crucificação como entretenimento; 7) a crucificação como morte aviltante. Os principais resultados são: a crucificação era uma forma comum de matar no Mundo Antigo, e foi a eleita pelos romanos como advertência aos criminosos; fazia parte do processo de crucificação os flagelos; compunha o quadro da crucificação um título contendo o crime do infrator afixado na cruz ou no condenado; a crucificação tornou-se tão comum que chegou a ser encenada nos teatros antigos; e, por fim, a crucificação era uma morte repugnante e ignominiosa, cujo principal alvo era exterminar os cadáveres e, depois, a exposição do corpo crucificado servia de advertência à população, como propaganda de terror e violência de Estado. A crucificação, ao invés do que se pensa hoje, não tinha o objetivo precípuo de matar, mas de exterminar o cadáver. O crucificado não era retirado da cruz, e seu corpo ficaria ali, pendurado, até apodrecer e despencar da trave, sendo devorado por abutres e animais selvagens, negando-se, assim, ao crucificado, o sepultamento. A crucificação poderia ser de vivos ou de mortos.
A leitura girardiana do endemoninhado geraseno
Authors: Santos Adriano Lazarini Souza dos , Ottaviani Edélcio
Published: January 2024

O fator violência é uma obscura constante antropológica. Ele se manifesta sob diversas tipologias, com múltiplos matizes e valendo-se de diversos mecanismos. René Girard constatou tal universalidade e intuiu uma presença ritualística naquilo que denomina o mecanismo do bode expiatório. A revelação judaico-cristã apresenta os efeitos nocivos desse círculo vicioso, que exige sempre um novo sacrifício para restabelecer o equilíbrio de uma coletividade, e o Novo Testamento propõe a superação desse mecanismo perverso, por meio da oferta que Jesus faz de si. As vítimas tornam-se proclamadores da boa nova sobre a violência superada. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa apresentará a hermenêutica aplicada por Girard à perícope neotestamentária, comumente intitulada “O endemoninhado geraseno”, presente na tríplice tradição sinótica (Mc 5,1-20; Mt 8, 28-9,1a; Lc 8,26-39). O contraponto estabelecido, com o auxílio de alguns comentários exegéticos, tem por escopo trazer à luz as importantes contribuições desse estudioso, que se aventurou pela seara bíblica e favoreceu, com sua teoria, o diálogo e o mútuo enriquecimento entre exegese e antropologia.
The embodiment of the image of the People's Artist of the USSR Anegina Ilyina in Yakut fine arts and literature
Authors: Pavlova-Borisova Tat'yana Vladimirovna , Borisova Aitalina Andrianovna
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the embodiment of the image of the Yakut opera singer, People's Artist of the USSR Anegina Ilyina in the Yakuts visual arts and literature. For the first time, this article discusses issues related to the disclosure of the theme of an outstanding contemporary woman - famous figure of musical art as a carrier of creativity. The subject of the study is the image of a talented Yakut vocalist captured in the best works of fine art (L.M. Neofitoff, V.R. Vasilyeff, A.N. Ossipoff, L.D. Sleptsova) and literature (Semen Daniloff, E. Neimokhoff, I. Gogoleff, L. Popoff P. Kharitonoff). The object of the study is the work of Yakut artists and writers of the second half of the 20 - 21 centuries. For the first time, the article explores a previously unexplored aspect of their work.  The descriptive, comparative, iconographic, historical-biographical methods are applied, which allow us to reveal the topic most effectively. This image presents the ideas of female beauty and natural talent inherent in the national consciousness of the people, which indicates that in the 1960-1980 in the perception of the Yakut society traditional ideas based on the mythology and folklore of Sakha were quite strong and stable. Thanks to her natural talent, studying in the class of the People's Artist of the USSR, professor of the Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory N.L Dorliak A.E. Ilyina was able to take place as an outstanding master of Russian academic vocal performance and herself as a creative personality had a great influence on the creative inspiration of many writers, artists and the development of Yakut art in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) in the second half of 20 centuries. This article is the first experience in studying of this scientific problem.
Perception verbs in the Russian dialects of the Amur region and in the northeastern dialect of the Chinese language of Heilongjiang province
Authors: Fang Haixu
Published: January 2024

The subject of this work is the verbs of perception in the Russian dialects of the Amur region and in the northeastern dialect of the Chinese language of Heilongjiang province. The research material is two dialect dictionaries: "Dictionary of Russian dialects of the Amur region" and "Dictionary of dialects of Heilongjiang province". The study revealed 26 verbal units from the "Dictionary of Russian Dialects of the Amur region" (including 18 verbs and 8 phraseological units with the meaning of visual and auditory perception, as well as perception of smell and touch); 18 verbs with the meaning of visual perception from the "Dictionary of Dialects of Heilongjiang province". The purpose of the study of this article is the comparative classification of perception verbs in the border regions of the Russian Federation and China, separated by the Amur River (in Chinese, Heilongjiang).  In developing the classification of the studied language units, continuous sampling, contextual, descriptive-analytical and comparative methods were used. The relevance and novelty of the work lies in the fact that the perceptual verbal vocabulary in the dialects of both ethnic groups is poorly studied; for the first time an attempt was made to study the comparative classification of the verbs of perception of the Russian dialects of the Amur region and the northeastern dialect of the Chinese language of Heilongjiang province; the effectiveness of the study of perception verbs can contribute to the reconstruction of the dialect linguistic picture of the world and the linguistic personality of speakers of the dialect of two different ethnic groups. The main conclusions of this study summarize that perceptual vocabulary connects the world of objective reality with the expression of this world in the language of human communication and that in the dialects of both ethnic groups (in the Russian dialects of the Amur region and in the northeastern dialect of the Chinese language of Heilongjiang province) verbal units with the meaning of visual perception prevail over other groups.
Efficacy of Erector Spinae Plane Block in Modified Radical Mastectomy for Postoperative Analgesia: A Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Soni Shrawan , Roy Archana , Mukherjee Anindya , Pandey Keka , Mukherjee Dipankar
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The Erector Spinae Plane Block (ESPB) is a recently introduced Ultrasound (US)-guided interfascial plane block commonly used for treating thoracic neuropathic pain. Although ESPB has been used for pain control after Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM), which is a frequently performed operation nowadays, its efficacy compared to other methods of pain control is yet to be established. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of ESPB in controlling acute postoperative pain after MRM surgery. Materials and Methods: A total of 64 adult females aged between 18-60 years, with American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II, scheduled to undergo elective MRM, were enrolled in the present randomised, double-blinded, controlled study conducted at Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India over a period of nine months (from March 2021 to November 2021). They were randomly assigned to two groups, with 32 patients in each group. Group A (n=32) received general anaesthesia only, while Group B (n=32) received US-guided ESPB in addition to general anaesthesia. Postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, total intra and postoperative analgesic requirements for the first 24 hours, and duration of postoperative analgesia were recorded for each patient. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 software. Mean and Standard Deviation (SD) were used to express data for numerical variables, while count and percentages were used for categorical variables. Results: Demographic characteristics (age, weight), ASA status, and mean duration of surgery were similar between the groups. The duration of postoperative analgesia was significantly (p<0.05) prolonged in Group B patients (584.1±89.1 minutes) compared to Group A patients (78.0±53.1 minutes). Intra and postoperative analgesic requirements were significantly lower in Group B (fentanyl 87.0±16.8 mcg, tramadol 68.3±35.9 mg) compared to Group A patients (fentanyl 94.5±26.7 mcg, tramadol 158.3±32.3 mg). The postoperative VAS score was more favourable in Group B than in Group A (1.1±0.4 vs. 4.1±0.8 at rest). Conclusion: The US-guided ESPB is a simple and easy procedure that provides prolonged duration of postoperative analgesia with reduced overall analgesic requirement in the postoperative period after MRM surgery. Therefore, it can be concluded that ESPB is an effective method for controlling acute postoperative pain after MRM surgery.
Use of Immunohistochemical Markers in Differentiation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Metastatic Adenocarcinomatous Deposits in the Liver from Colon: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Prabhakaran C Arun , Ramya V , Shanmugam K , Brihadisvarar S , Chandramouleeswari K
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a major worldwide health problem due to its high incidence and mortality rates. The liver often becomes a site for metastasis from various primary locations, benefiting from its abundant blood supply. Distinguishing liver metastatic tumours from HCC can pose a diagnostic challenge, significantly impacting prognosis and treatment decisions. Aim: To differentiate between HCC, Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma in the liver using Hep par-1, Cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK19, and CK20 as immunohistochemical markers. The manual Tissue Microarray (TMA) technique was employed for present study. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Pathology at Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, spanning a three-year duration from July 2012 to June 2015. A total of 60 cases diagnosed histologically with HCC, ICC, and metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma in the liver were included. The manual TMA technique was used to create recipient blocks, and immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the expression of Hep par-1, CK7, CK19 and CK20. The sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), and Negative Predictive Values (NPV) of these markers in HCC, ICC, and metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma in the liver were analysed and tabulated using statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. Results: The study included a total of 60 cases, with 40 (66.7%) males and 20 (33.3%) females, ranging in age from 27 to 73 years with a mean age of 51.3 years. Among the cases, there were 30 (50%) cases of HCC, 14 (23%) cases of ICC, and 16 (27%) cases of metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma in the liver. The sensitivity, specificity, and PPV of Hep par-1 in distinguishing HCC from ICC and metastatic deposits were 80%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. The NPV of Hep par-1 in distinguishing HCC from ICC and metastatic deposits was 70% and 72%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of CK7 in distinguishing ICC from HCC were 3.3%, 50%, 6.3%, and 34.1%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of CK19 in distinguishing HCC from ICC and metastatic deposits were 0%, 50%, 0%, and 33.3%. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of CK20 in distinguishing HCC from ICC and metastatic deposits were 0%, 53.3%, 0%, and 34.8%, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was found that a panel of markers including Hep par-1, CK7, CK19 and CK20 can differentiate between HCC, ICC, and metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma in the liver. This differentiation is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment for patients by understanding the exact behaviour of the tumour.
Partial Exchange Transfusion in the Management of a Preterm Neonate with Severe Anaemia from Acute Foetomaternal Haemorrhage: A Case Report
Authors: Laxman Basany , Vinay Batthula , Priyanka Gandrakota Naga , Priyanka Giddaluru Rao
Published: January 2024

Foetomaternal Haemorrhage (FMH) refers to the passage of foetal blood into the maternal circulation. FMH is rarely diagnosed antenatally as clinical findings are subtle and non specific. Massive FMH is suspected when foetal movements are decreased, and Cardiotocographic (CTG) findings are abnormal with decreased heart rate variability, saw-tooth or a sinusoidal pattern. Massive FMH can lead to foetal demise, stillbirth, hydrops, or the birth of a severely anaemic infant with hypovolaemic shock. A 35-week pregnant woman presented with decreased foetal movements, and an emergency caesarean section was performed due to late deceleration on the cardiotocograph. The baby was very pale at birth and in shock. The Kleihauer-Betke (KB) test performed on the mother’s blood shortly after delivery showed 2.7% foetal red cells, suggesting 135 cc of FMH. The clinical features and outcome of FMH depend on the gestational age, volume, and rapidity of FMH, as well as, whether it is acute or chronic. Packed cell transfusion is recommended, but in babies with severe anaemia and cardiac failure, partial exchange transfusion is performed. The baby was managed with a fluid bolus, inotropic support, respiratory support, and partial exchange transfusion, resulting in a successful outcome. A high index of suspicion enables the obstetrician to undertake diagnostic tests, cordocentesis, plan for intrauterine transfusion or delivery, and alert the neonatal team for a better outcome.
Severe Mitral Stenosis Presenting as Chronic Liver Disease: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Acharyya Malay , Ganguly Debapratim , Ghosh Soutrik
Published: January 2024

High Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG) ascites in severe rheumatic mitral stenosis is very uncommon. Hereby, the authors present a similar case with this rare combination. The present case report describes a 42-year-old male with no history of hypertension or diabetes, but occasional alcohol consumption, who presented to department with complaints of recurrent anasarca over the past five years. The electrocardiogram showed an irregular R-R interval with no P waves, indicating atrial fibrillation. Ascitic fluid analysis revealed a high serum ascites albumin gradient with low ascitic protein levels. The patient responded well to treatment and was discharged with appropriate medications. He was referred to a higher centre with cardiothoracic surgical facilities for mitral valve replacement and tricuspid annuloplasty. The present case report highlights the uniqueness of the combination of severe rheumatic mitral stenosis and ascites.
Озера: штрихкод времени, "Природа"
Authors: Рудая Н.А.
Published: January 2024

Наука, которая изучает ископаемые природные архивы, заключенные в донных осадках озер, называется палеолимнология. Озера накапливают гигабайты информации о развитии природных ландшафтов водосбора озера, а также и всего региона, в котором это озеро расположено. Для некоторых озер это данные за последние тысячелетия, но для части крупных долгоживущих озер такие палеозаписи отражают историю нашей планеты за несколько миллионов лет. Слой за слоем озеро сохраняет информацию о растительности, климате, геологии, водных обитателях и даже людях, живших на берегу, создавая тем самым штрихкод времени, который мы стремимся прочитать. Результаты исследования озерных палеоархивов современными естественнонаучными методами используются как для качественных и количественных реконструкций природных условий прошлого, так и при глобальном климатическом моделировании.
Федот, да не тот: к вопросу об упорядоченности нефелина, "Природа"
Authors: Расцветаева Р.К. , Аксёнов С.М.
Published: January 2024

Нефелин KNa[AlSiO] — широко распространенный породообразующий минерал щелочных пород. Методами ИК-спектроскопии и рентгеноструктурного анализа исследовалась структура нефелина из высокотемпературной пневматолитовой ассоциации месторождения Грауляй (вулканический регион Айфель, Германия). Параметры гексагональной ячейки: a = 10.0438(1) , c = 8.4145(1) , пространственная группа P6. Были установлены разупорядоченность структуры нефелина из Грауляя и соотношение Si и Al в Т-тетраэдрах его каркаса. Нефелин-содержащие горные породы считаются вторым по важности типом алюминиевого сырья, которое широко используется в производстве керамики, кожи, резины, древесины, текстиля и нефтепродуктов.
«АРКТИКА-М» – НОВЫЙ ЭТАП СПУТНИКОВЫХ ГИДРОМЕТЕОРОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ НАБЛЮДЕНИЙ, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: Асмус В.В. , Крамарева Л.С. , Филей А.А.
Published: January 2024

В статье представлены возможности высокоэллиптической гидрометеорологической космической системы «Арктика-М», созданной в целях исследований климатических характеристик и атмосферных процессов в Арктическом регионе. Приведены основные характеристики и задачи полезной нагрузки космического аппарата «Арктика-М» № 1, дано описание наземного сегмента, получаемых информационных продуктов и инновационных подходов в обработке данных.
Заряженная пыль на Луне, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: МОРОЗОВА Т.И.
Published: January 2024

Представлено описание плазменно-пылевой системы у поверхности Луны и рассмотрено, какие волны и неустойчивости могут возникать в данной системе при различных ситуациях, в том числе когда Луна находится внутри и вне хвоста магнитосферы Земли. Описан механизм зарядки пылевых частиц в приповерхностной лунной плазме. Отмечается влияние солнечного излучения и фотоэлектронов на зарядку пылевых частиц.
Obesity as a Predisposing Genetic Factor for Development of Pediatric Hypertension in Calabar Municipality, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Yemi-odae Nelson Anita , Ben Unoh Florence , Odinakachukwu Nsude Linus , Enembe Edet Brian , Ime Inyang Daniel
Published: January 2024

Aims: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of obesity in children, and to evaluate obesity as a risk factor of hypertension among children obtaining treatment at the University of Calabar teaching hospital.

Study Design: the study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey design involving children between 3 and 18years attending pediatrics clinic at the University of Calabar teaching hospital was used to achieve the objectives of the study.

Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at the University of Calabar teaching hospital Calabar, Cross River state, southern Nigeria between May 2023 and November 2023.

Methodology: data collection was carried out using the following instruments; (a) Semi-structured questionnaire; for anthropometric measurements (the anthropometric measurements were used to determine MBI of respondents) (b) Weighing balance and measuring tape; for measuring the weight and height of respondents in kilogram (kg) and metre (m) respectively (c) Digital blood pressure monitor; for measurement of respondents’ blood pressure. Data was collected with the help of the research assistants on a daily basis for 6 weeks from the pediatric unit of the hospital with two research assistants administering the questionnaire while the other took and recorded anthropometric measurements.

Results: BMI percentile of 53 (39.13%) respondents was 95th percentile and above, followed by 35(25.36%) at 5th percentile, 28(20.29%) below 5th percentile, and 22(15.94%) at 85th percentile. 43(31.16%) respondents had elevated blood pressure of 120-129 mm Hg(systolic) and less than 80 mm Hg (diastolic) were recorded for 22(15.94%) and 25(18.12%) respondents respectively. 48(34.78%) respondents had blood pressure higher than 130/80 mm Hg indicative of hypertension.

Conclusion: BP above 130/80 mm Hg indicated a positive correlation between childhood obesity and pediatric high blood pressure.
Compositional Profiles and Spatial Distribution of Microplastics Across Three Selected Rivers in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Anyaegbu Mark Ginika , Ogugbue Jason Chimezie , Ugwoha Ejikeme
Published: January 2024

Microplastics (MP) are ubiquitous and persistent contaminants in waterbodies and a pervasive and preventable threat to the health of marine ecosystems. These particles are defined as <5 mm in size and can be introduced into the environment via primary sources such as the use and disposal of microbeads in cosmetic, cleaning products and sandblasting, as well as secondary sources which include the fragmentation of litter by mechanical or UV light-induced degradation. This study was conducted to investigate the concentrations of microplastic contaminants in Imo River, Ntawogba River and New Calabar River as well as the physicochemical and microbial characteristics of the water bodies. Composite sampling technique was used in this study. The physicochemical analysis of the water samples was carried out both in-situ and ex-situ while the microbiological analysis was performed ex-situ to determine the load using APHA 9215B/9610B and ASTM D 5465-93 (Pour plate) test methods. The total heterotrophic bacteria were more predominant than the other microbial groups in samples obtained from the three rivers. The relatively higher hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria counts obtained in samples collected from Ntwawogba River is suggestive of benign hydrocarbon contamination of the river. Two techniques (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, FTIR and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, GC-MS) were used to identify the microplastics and their concentrations. The reference spectra for the FTIR results were in the spectral range stretching from 4000–650cm-1 where the prominent absorption peak at 2920 cm-1 corresponded to aliphatic C-H (Hydrocarbon) stretching, indicating the presence of CH2 (Alkene) and CH3 (Alkane) groups in the microplastic samples, at 1725 cm-1 associated with carbonyl (C=O). The band at 1600 cm-1 is characteristic of aromatic C=C stretching, at 1200-1000 cm-1 range suggesting C-O stretching vibrations. The region between 800 and 700 cm-1 corresponded to out-of-plane bending vibrations commonly seen in aromatic groups while the GC-MS polymer identification library produced results of both qualitative and quantitative assessment of the microplastics. The eight (8) priority MP polymers found in the water samples were polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate, dioctyl terephthalate, polybrominated diphenyl ether, tetrabromobisphenol A, polypropylene, acrylic fibre, and polystyrene. SEM images of the MPs were acquired at various magnifications to capture their surface features, shapes, and sizes. PE was found to be the most ubiquitous MP (45.74%, 45.84% and 47.76%) across Imo, Ntawogba and New Calabar River, respectively.

Results obtained indicate the pervasiveness of MPs in the studied rivers and signify threat to aquatic organisms and man via their biomagnification through the food chain.
Water Cost Differences Due to Regional and Seasonal Differentiation in Taiwan
Authors: Edward LUO Ching-Ruey
Published: January 2024

Water is a fundamental resource on the Earth. It is needed for household consumption, agriculture, and industry. The water demand continues to increase with the growth of the population. Water quantity and quality are necessary required for livelihood, agriculture, and industry need, while the water right is obviously controlled for water resources transfer. In this study, we apply statistical regression, present value conversion theory, and risk analysis concerned the characteristics of seasons and regions to research the relevant cost issues. With its irreversibility, the unit cost for each function combining the risks on both regions and seasons will be much more obviously important for sustainability. In this study, the analysis of the cost of raw water and its cost differences in different locations and seasons are also discussed and the rationality of tap water fees is also elucidated, by comparing with Taiwan Water Company's Profit and Loss Summary of Water Supply Unit Sales from 2016 to 2020, we found water prices in Taiwan are too cheap, causing the Taiwan Provincial Water Company to lose money every year when selling water. The cost analysis of agricultural water and the accompanying transferring compensation fee for industrial use are also deeply analyzed. The analysis results for the whole Taiwan found that water cost in southern Taiwan is very high, and the regional and seasonal differences are the largest. In addition, the risk of water shortage is very high in southern Taiwan, too, and it is the most noteworthy area in terms of water sustainability.
Design and Manufacture of LPG Gas Leak Detection Based on Arduino Uno Using MQ-2 Sensor
Authors: Made Satriya Wibawa I. , Gunawan Anak Agung Ngurah , Ketut Putra I. , Ketut Sukarasa I.
Published: January 2024

Aims: To design and manufacture LPG gas leak detection tool that is more efficient, relatively cheaper and can be carried because it has a smaller shape and size compared to tools on the market

Study Design: Design of LPG gas leak detection based on Arduino Uno using MQ-2 sensor.

Place and Duration of Study: Physics Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Udayana, from June 2023 to October 2023.

Methodology: The trial and error method is used to calibrate the designed tool with standard tools. Calibration is done by comparing the distances value of the LPG gas leak detection using MQ-2 sensor and the calibration standard tool. The relationship between the measurement values of the design tool and the standard tool is determined using linear regression method to obtain a correction equation.

Results: LPG gas leak detection based on Arduino Uno using MQ-2 sensor have been produced. The measurement accuracy obtained 97.97%. The accuracy value indicates that the resulting tool has a good level of accuracy to the standard tool.

Conclusion: In this research, has been produced LPG gas leak detection more efficient, relatively cheaper and can be carried because it has a smaller shape and size, low-cost with high accuracy.
Statistical Modeling for Analysis of Growth and Trend Pattern of Wheat Production in Selected States of India
Authors: Kumar Manish , Prakash Gyan , Rana Shiv Kumar
Published: January 2024

In the present paper, the time series analysis of wheat production in some selected states of India has been carried out by fitting well-known statistical models, viz. linear, exponential and cubic models. The selection of wheat growing states has been made on the basis of criteria of higher production and consistent growth pattern. The secondary time series data on wheat production have been utilized for the analysis. The trend values have been computed on fitting the concerned models, and the validity of the models has been tested on using the chi-square test statistic. Moreover, the coefficient of determination ( ), root mean square error (RMSE), and relative mean absolute percentage error (RMAPE) have been computed to reveal the suitability of the concerned models for exploring the trend patterns of wheat production in the concerned states of India. The findings of the investigation reveal that the above mentioned models are appropriate for forecasting of future trend of wheat production in the concerned states.
Assesment of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance among the Characters of Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica L. Roem)
Authors: Yadav Vishal , Mishra A. C. , Singh R. B. , Kumar Pradeep , Kumar Siddharth , Singh Rajat , Yadav Gaurav
Published: January 2024

The present study examined sixteen sponge gourd germplasms that were arranged in a Randomized Block design (RBD) with three replications in order to evaluation of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance among the characters during the spring-summer (March–June) and rainy (July–October) seasons of 2019 at the Vegetable Research Farm of the College of Horticulture, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda. The parameters were observed for nineteen traits. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotype for all the traits. The results indicated to the growing environment had an impact on the characteristics' expression in addition to genetics when it came to apparent variety. In the spring, summer, and rainy season, estimates of the number of branches, fruit diameter and number of fruits per plant were made for high GCV & PCV, heritability, and genetic advance as a percentage of mean.
Growth and Yield Response of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) to different Soil Amendments
Authors: Mahari Abraham , Emmanuel Solon Jr.  , Sulonteh Isaac
Published: January 2024

Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is an important vegetable that is ranked tenth among the succulent vegetables in the world. It is easy to cultivate and requires a moderate amount of nutrients in comparison to other vegetables. However, carrot production in Liberia is almost negligible, as farmers are not aware of its requirements, its cultivation, and the unsuitable environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the growth and yield performance of carrot under different soil amendments. The experiment was done at the Cuttington University research and demonstration site in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were: 10 t ha-1, 15 t ha-1, and 20 t ha-1 compost; 300 t ha-1 NPK (15:15:15); and control (0 t ha-1). The distance between plots and between blocks was 0.5 m and 1 m, respectively. Results indicated that The highest recorded plant root length (11.10 cm) occurred in the 20 t ha-1 compost application, while the lowest (6.84 cm) was observed in the control treatment. The highest root diameter (22.89 mm) was recorded in the treatment with 20 t ha-1 while the lowest (17.59 mm) was recorded in the control treatment. Results showed that the maximum root weight (31.73 g) occurred in the 20 t ha-1 compost treatment, while the minimum (12.33 g) was observed in the control. These variations are likely attributed to nutrient levels, which play a vital role in promoting root length, diameter, and overall yield in the plant. That means the lowest values in all the parameters might be due to the low rate of compost applied to the soil. In conclusion, the highest overall growth and yield performance among carrot plants were observed in the 20 t ha-1 compost treatment, followed by 15 t ha-1, 300 t ha-1 NPK (15:15:15), 10 t ha-1, and the control. It is therefore recommended that farmers apply 20 t ha-1 of compost for maximum growth and yield performance in carrot production.
An Economic Analysis of Production Efficiency of Fodder Crops in Karnataka, India
Authors: Sushmitha K. S.  , Joshi Amrutha T. , Reddy B. S.  , Beeraladinni Deevendra , Kumar Manoj , Sreedhara J. N.
Published: January 2024

Livestock is a vital component of subsistence farming which adds to the livelihood of rural poor in India. The maintenance, health and nutrition of livestock are mainly associated with the fodder available and provided. The total feed cost accounts for 60 to 70 per cent of livestock production. Considering this, the study was conducted to analyse the economics of fodder production in Karnataka which includes cost incurred in production, returns associated with it, resource use efficiency and marginal productivity of fodder. The study was conducted in all four revenue divisions of Karnataka by selecting one district from each revenue division. Purposive sampling technique was followed in selection of respondents. A total of 240 respondents were interviewed by a pre tested interview schedule. The cost associated with per acre production of fodder sorghum and fodder bajra were analysed and found that Hassan district showed highest cost of cultivation in both fodder sorghum and fodder bajra with a cost of Rs 23096 per acre for fodder sorghum and Rs 18059 per acre for fodder bajra. The resource use efficiency was analysed by production function estimates and the allocative efficiency of resources were also analysed in the study. The information generated may be helpful for livestock holders and policy makers for proper management of fodder and costs associated with it.
The Role of Spiritual Leadership in Employee Loyalty in the General Company for Communications and Informatics in Iraq
Authors: Abd Ibrahim Ahmed , Siwan Ali Muften , Karim Alaa Jumaa
Published: January 2024

The research aims to clarify the role that spiritual leadership exercises in the loyalty of workers in the General Company for Communications and Informatics in Iraq. The research was conducted on a deliberate sample of the company’s employees, numbering (100) respondents, based on a main hypothesis that states (strengthening spiritual leadership and loyalty of workers in the General Company for Communications and Informatics In Iraq) the research followed the descriptive analytical approach, basing its data analysis on the structural modeling equation (SEM). The research was able to prove its main hypothesis based on the results that showed a significant impact of spiritual leadership on the loyalty of employees in the General Company for Communications and Informatics in Iraq. The research recommended the need to establish Dimensions of spiritual leadership represented by (vision, belonging, faith, and altruism) among employees of the General Company for Communications and Informatics in Iraq.
Natural Disasters Impact on Village Development in Indonesia: An Econometric Study
Authors: Faradiba Faradiba
Published: January 2024

Disasters have a negative impact on various aspects, including regional development. The impact of natural disasters can be in the form of material loss or loss of life. Indonesia has quite a large potential for natural disasters, because it is surrounded by several oceans and there are several mountains that are still active. Based on this background, this research aims to determine the impact of natural disasters on the development of rural areas. The data used in this research comes from Podes 2021 data and the 2022 and 2023 Developing Village Index. The method used in this research is multiple linear regression. The results of this research indicate that natural disasters have a negative impact on economic aspects and lead to village development. Of the three independent variables in this study, it is known that volcanic eruptions and drought (land) have the deepest significant negative impact, both 1 year after the event and 2 years after the event. Villages are areas that are very vulnerable to natural disasters, besides that development in rural areas tends to accelerate relatively slowly. For this reason, an extra role is needed from the government to carry out evacuations when a disaster occurs, and also carry out mitigation from the start in order to minimize the negative impacts caused. Handling natural disasters in rural areas can be carried out on a priority scale, so that people's basic needs can be met immediately.
Utility of Transanal Tube for Preventing Severe Anastomotic Leakage Following Low Anterior Resection for Patients With Diverting Stoma
Authors: Tominaga Tetsuro , Nonaka Takashi , Fukuda Akiko , Moriyama Masaaki , Oyama Shosaburo , Ishii Mitsuhisa , Sumida Yorihisa , Takeshita Hiroaki , Hisanaga Makoto , Fukuoka Hidetoshi , Tou Kazuo , Tanaka Kenji , Sawai Terumitsu , Nagayasu Takeshi
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The incidence of anastomotic leakage (AL) associated with sphincter-preserving surgery has increased. Diverting stoma (DS) and transanal tube (TT) placement have been reported to reduce the rate of AL. This multicenter study examined the efficacy of TT and DS for preventing AL in rectal cancer patients.

Methods

We reviewed 126 patients who underwent low anterior resection with double-stapling reconstruction between April 2016 and March 2020. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to presence (n = 90) or absence (n = 36) of a TT. Clinicopathologic features were compared between groups.

Results

Twenty-one patients (16.7%) experienced AL. Frequency of severe AL was significantly lower in the TT group (7.7%) than in the non-TT group (19.4%, P < 0.001). Performance status, operation time, blood loss, and hospital stay were similar between groups. Patients who experienced AL showed significantly longer hospital stays (29 days versus 15 days, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed placement of a TT as an independent predictor of no AL (odds ratio, 0.306; 95% confidence interval, 0.108–0.870; P = 0.026). Twenty-one patients received both DS construction and TT placement; none of them experienced severe AL.

Conclusion

The present multicenter study confirmed the efficacy of TT for preventing AL. Transanal tube may have synergistic effects against AL in selected patients with DS.
Type I collagen regulated dentin matrix protein‐1 (Dmp‐1) and osteocalcin (OCN) gene expression of rat dental pulp cells
Authors: Mizuno Morimichi , Miyamoto Tetsuro , Wada Keinoshin , Watatani Sanae , Zhang Gui Xia
Published: March 2003

In this study, we investigated the effect of type I collagen on dentin matrix protein‐1 (Dmp‐1) and osteocalcin (OCN) gene expression of dental pulp cells. The mRNA level of Dmp‐1 gene was down‐regulated; however, OCN gene expression was up‐regulated by the culture of dental pulp cells with type I collagen. These findings imply that type I collagen regulates mRNA level of Dmp‐1 and OCN gene that are predominantly expressed in active odontoblasts. The change of gene expression by type I collagen was suppressed by the blocking of collagen–integrin interaction. We could conclude that the effect of type I collagen was mediated via binding of collagen to integrin receptors. J. Cell. Biochem. 88: 1112–1119, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highly potent and selective inhibition of varicella‐zoster virus replication by bicyclic furo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine nucleoside analogues
Authors: Clercq Erik De
Published: March 2003

The bicyclic furo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine nucleoside analogues represent an entirely new class of fused furopyrimidine derivatives with unprecedented selectivity for varicella‐zoster virus (VZV). From extensive structure‐activity relationship (SAR) studies, the 6‐(p‐alkylphenyl)substituted furopyrimidine derivatives Cf 1742 and Cf 1743 emerged as the most potent inhibitors of VZV replication: they were found to inhibit both laboratory VZV strains and clinical VZV isolates at subnanomolar concentrations, while not being toxic to the host cells at 100,000‐fold higher concentrations. Although the precise mechanism of action of these compounds remains to be elucidated, it is clear that for their antiviral activity they depend on phosphorylation by the VZV‐encoded thymidine kinase. The furo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine nucleoside analogues are not susceptible to degradation by human or bacterial thymidine phosphorylase, which may otherwise release the free aglycone. Also, the latter is not inhibitory to dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in the degradation of thymine, uracil, and the anticancer agent 5‐fluorouracil. Further development of the furo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine nucleoside analogues as new therapeutic modalities for the treatment of VZV infections (i.e., varicella and herpes zoster) seems highly justified. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev. 23, No. 3, 253–274, 2003
Fingers, Hands or Patients? the Concept of Independent Observations
Authors: SAUERLAND S. , LEFERING R. , BAYER-SANDOW T. , BRÜSER P. , NEUGEBAUER E.A.M.
Published: March 2003

In hand surgery trials, it is often possible to take several measurements from the same patient, because many disorders here affect bilateral or multiple structures, such as the hand itself, the finger joints or the tendons. Most conventional statistical analyses that take place on the level of hands, digit rays or joints rather than patients violate the assumption that observations should be independent.

Furthermore, ignoring the multiplicity of data inflates sample size and thus may lead to spurious significance. This article describes three options to deal with such problems. First, the analysis can simply be restricted to only one measurement per patient. Second, a self-controlled design may be advantageous for conditions that usually have a bilateral pattern. Third, complex statistical modelling (involving generalized estimating equations) can be used to analyse all available measurements with adjustment for data dependency.
The measurement of quality management culture in schools: development and validation of the SQMCS
Authors: Detert James R , Schroeder Roger G , Cudeck Robert
Published: March 2003

This paper reports on the development and validation of a survey instrument for measuring the culture of Quality Management (QM) in K‐12 educational settings. The intent was to develop an instrument that would tap both the behavioral norms and the underlying values and beliefs associated with a Quality culture. The process used in the development and honing of this measurement instrument included theory review, qualitative data analysis, practitioner input, and both exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic techniques. Measures of fit and interpretability as well as reliability and validity evidence suggest the iteratively derived survey largely achieves the goal of providing verified scales for evaluating multiple aspects of a school’s Quality culture.
Biomechanical evaluation of healing in a non‐critical defect in a large animal model of osteoporosis
Authors: Lill C. A. , Hesseln J. , Schlegel U. , Eckhardt C. , Goldhahn J. , Schneider E.
Published: March 2003

Current methods for fracture treatment in osteoporosis are not always sufficient. To develop new fixation strategies (both mechanical and biological) requires pre‐clinical testing utilizing appropriate models. The aim of this study was to apply a recently developed sheep model of osteoporosis to the study of healing in a non‐critical long bone defect. A standardized transverse mid‐shaft tibial osteotomy (with a fracture gap of 3 mm) was performed in seven osteoporotic and seven normal sheep and stabilized with a special external fixator for 8 weeks. The fixator was used for weekly in vivo bending stiffness measurements. Ex vivo bending stiffness and torsional stiffness of the callus zone were also determined. Callus area, callus density, and osteoporosis status were determined at 0, 4, and 8 weeks using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. The increase of in vivo bending stiffness of the callus was delayed approximately 2 weeks in osteoporotic animals. A significant difference (33%) in torsional stiffness was found between the osteotomized and contralateral intact tibia in osteoporotic animals, but no significant difference occurred in normal sheep (2%). In osteoporotic animals, ex vivo bending stiffness was reduced 21% (p = 0.05). Bending stiffness was correlated with callus density (r = 0.76, r = 0.53); torsional stiffness was correlated with callus area (r = 0.60) and to a lesser extent with callus density (r = 0.53). This study demonstrated a delay of fracture healing in osteoporotic sheep tibiae with respect to callus formation, mineralization, and mechanical properties. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Acute stress reactions following the assassination of Mexican presidential candidate colosio
Authors: Maldonado José R. , Page Kathy , Koopman Cheryl , Butler Lisa D. , Stein Heather , Spiegel David
Published: March 2003

Considerable evidence suggests that exposure to traumatic events increases the risk of developing anxiety‐spectrum disorders in response to later traumatization. We conducted a survey in Guadalajara. Mexico to assess factors associated with acute stress reactions to the assassination of a political figure. Participants included 86 adults who completed the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ) and measures of the perceived impact of the assassination, exhibited emotional behavior following the assassination, and had exposure to a specific prior disaster (a gas pipeline explosion). The results suggest that acute stress reactions can occur in response to an assassination, and that those most susceptible are those most emotionally invested, those who engage in emotional behavioral responses, and those whose lives have been affected by a previous potentially traumatic event.
Energy, Life, and ATP
Authors: Boyer Paul D.
Published: March 2003

The mechanism by which ATP is synthesized during oxidative and photophosphorylation has been elucidated by oxygen exchange and other studies: a novel form of catalysis–termed rotary catalysis–is involved.
Molecular Basis of the Polydispersity of Mucins: Implications for the Generation of Saccharide Diversity
Authors: Bhavanandan Veer. P. , Gupta Dwijendra , Woitach Joseph , Guo Xiaoxuan , Jiang Weiping
Published: March 2003

Secreted epithelial mucins are large macromolecules which exhibit extreme polydispersity, the molecular basis of which is not fully understood. We have obtained partial sequences of two genes (BSM1 and BSM2) coding for two distinct molecules. This is the first time that such closely-related genes have been identified for any mucin from an animal. We propose that a combination of multiple homologous genes, alternative splicing, differential glycosylation, and additional post-translational processing all contribute to the extreme polydispersity of mucins. The multiple domain structure and non-identical tandem repeats are also very important for the generation of the saccharide diversities of mucins.