bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health Seeking Behaviors among Displaced Populations/Refugees
Authors: Ejike Chika
Published: November 2021

The United States resettles refugees every year. Their population in south-central Kentucky (KY) is diverse and fitting to research into culture-dependent healthcare utilization patterns. A mixed study was conducted with one hundred and ten semi-structured questionnaires and three individual interviews. Significant differences were observed between the use of healthcare services and refugees’ nationality (F (5, 98) = 4.29, p < 0.001), acculturation (t = −2.03, p < 0.04), and interpreters (t = 1.92, p < 0.05). Beliefs affect use through the level of cultural competency of the healthcare provider. These findings contribute to the health policy debates surrounding this culturally diverse population.
Acute Alitasic Cholecystitis
Authors: Petracca Giovanni , Zappia Francesco , Giuseppe Maccarone , Mariano Mazzeo , Francesco Mio , Silvaggio Fabrizio , Ivana Mileto , Francesco Plutino , Antonietta Posterino , Cafaro Danilo
Published: November 2021

Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) is the inflammatory disease of the gallbladder in the absence of gallstones. Typically affects critically ill patients. Diagnosis is not straightforward as Murphy’s sign is difficult to detect in critically ill and many imaging findings are numb or nonspecific. Acalculous cholecystitis is a life-threatening disorder that has a high risk of perforation and necrosis compared to the more typical calculous disease. Management involves a percutaneous cholecystostomy, a surgical cholecystectomy, or, more recently, a metal stent placed endoscopically through the gastrointestinal tract into the gallbladder. Acalculous cholecystitis is a serious illness that has high morbidity and mortality. The reported mortality of the condition varies from 30 to 50% depending on the age of the patient. Even those who survive have a long recovery that can take months.
�The doings of the land of Egypt, wherein ye dwelt�: slavery, empire and Mokyr�s industrial revolution
Authors: Graham Aaron
Published: November 2021

Responding to Mokyr�s recent article on early modern Britain as the �Holy Land of Industrialism�, this article considers how far the role of slavery and empire may have been overlooked, and what these can contribute to explanations of British industrialisation. It notes the case for their role as markets for manufactured goods, and second-order effects such as the development of corporate expertise and the creation of a financial system capable of collateralising and reinvesting plantation profits. Focusing on Mokyr�s argument that the quality of British human capital was the decisive factor in industrialisation, it notes that this too had a colonial dimension, based on the circulation of knowledge and artisans throughout the British Atlantic in the 18th century. This was reflected by the trans-imperial nature of patenting and innovation during this period. Britain may have been the �Holy Land�, but the industrial revolution was therefore also marked by �the doings of the land of Egypt�.
Slavery, Atlantic trade and skills: a response to Mokyr�s �Holy Land of Industrialism�
Authors: Berg Maxine , Hudson Pat
Published: November 2021

We challenge the idea that Britain�s short-lived industrial primacy in the late 18th and early 19th centuries is explained by �comparative advantage� in high-level artisan skills possessed by an elite workforce. Skills were vital to the industrial revolution but the timing of change and its regional concentration suggest that Britain�s rise to dominance in Atlantic trade was the major causal factor. Rapidly growing markets in Africa and the Americas, especially for textiles and metalwares, centred on Britain�s leading role in the slave trade and the extension of her plantation frontier in the Caribbean. Structural and industrial change, concentrated in the economic hinterlands of Atlantic ports, facilitated product and process revolutions. Diverse Atlantic demands and new Atlantic raw material supplies stimulated skill development and key innovations in light and heavy industry.
Atuação de gestores no cenário de ensino remoto no município de Araripe/CE
Authors: Freire Rodrigues José Wellington , Lima de Olievira Maria Elyara
Published: November 2021

Neste texto apresenta-se resultados de estudo pelo qual se buscou investigar a realidade enfrentada pelos gestores escolares do município de Araripe/CE em meio à pandemia da Covid-19 e o cenário de ensino remoto emergencial. Delineou-se a partir de abordagem qualitativa de caráter exploratório, com coleta de dados por meio de questionários aplicados pela ferramenta Google Forms. A partir das análises efetivadas foi perceptível que os gestores escolares necessitaram efetivar a gestão democrática para garantir o funcionamento e a cooperação dos diferentes integrantes que fazem o processo educativo, pois o ensino remoto requereu trabalho conjunto, diálogo e parceria.
Trajetória das políticas de formação continuada de professores no âmbito da Secretaria da Educação de São Paulo
Authors: Miranda Nonato Assis de , Silva André Dos Anjos Cangueiro , Aparício Ana Silvia Moço , Moreira Leliane Aparecida Gliosce
Published: November 2021

A formação continuada de professores tem se constituído em projeto de governos com foco na melhoria da qualidade da educação. Esse assunto não é novo, mas nas últimas décadas tem ganhado destaque no âmbito das políticas públicas de educação. Por meio de exploração documental e bibliográfica, objetivou-se analisar a trajetória das políticas de formação continuada de professores da Secretaria da Educação de São Paulo - Seduc/SP. As análises mostram que essas ações estão inseridas em programas de governo com ênfase nas políticas educacionais e curriculares da Seduc/SP. Conclui-se que, em razão da racionalidade, da eficiência, da cobrança por resultados, as políticas de formação continuada de professores da Seduc/SP não têm inovado.
Aprendizagens e exercício profissional na UFSM: um instrumento na sinfonia da vida
Authors: Giordani Estela Maris
Published: November 2021

O percurso aprendido do ser pessoa e profissional ocorre por meio de muitos desafios ao longo das vivências nas quais se constroem relações e estruturas que, por sua vez, impactam outros com a presença do testemunho da ação de sucesso. O texto, de forma reflexiva, expõe por meio de uma narrativa autobiográfica, uma trajetória singular de aprendizagens marcadas pela formação e atuação no ensino, pesquisa e extensão. A motivação foi a elaboração de um memorial para a ascensão ao último nível da carreira professor titular da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. As múltiplas aprendizagens vão emergindo a partir das experiências em classes multisseriadas à docência na pós-graduação na América Latina; à Especialização Profissional em Psicologia, com abordagem em Ontopsicologia na Universidade Estatal de São Petersburgo e as parcerias em pesquisa e formação com a Universidade de Genebra/Faculdade de Ciências da Educação; a participação em bancas de doutorado nesta última e na Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; as participações em gestão na coordenação do Mestrado Acadêmico em Educação e nos cursos de Pedagogia; nas orientações de pesquisas, seja na iniciação científica, em trabalhos de conclusão de cursos de graduação, especialização, dissertação ou tese de doutorado; na condução de pesquisas, escrita de livros, artigos e participação em tantos eventos acadêmicos; mas, sobretudo, no dia a dia dos desafios da docência ao longo de três décadas, agora na quarta. Toda trajetória de aprendizado foi conduzida pelo Maestro Antonio Meneghetti que, por meio da Pedagogia Ontopsicológica, me coadjuvou a cunhar a parte mais difícil, delicada e importante de minha profissão pedagoga, minha personalidade.
Using Moment-by-Moment Reading Protocols to Understand Students’ Processes of Reading Mathematical Proof
Authors: Dawkins Paul Christian , Zazkis Dov
Published: November 2021

This article documents differences between novice and experienced undergraduate students’ processes of reading mathematical proofs as revealed by moment-by-moment, think-aloud protocols. We found three key reading behaviors that describe how novices’ reading differed from that of their experienced peers: alternative task models, accrual of premises, and warranting. Alternative task models refer to the types of goals that students set up for their reading of the text, which may differ from identifying and justifying inferences. Accrual of premises refers to the way novice readers did not distinguish propositions in the theorem statement as assumptions or conclusions and thus did not use them differently for interpreting the proof. Finally, we observed variation in the type and quality of warrants, which we categorized as illustrate with examples, construct a miniproof, or state the warrant in general form.
As narrativas e alternativas de análise sobre o contexto da luta de libertação em África: caso Amílcar Cabral
Authors: Sucuma Arnaldo
Published: November 2021

Este texto tem como objetivo refletir sobre as narrativas e as análises alternativas referentes ao contexto de luta de libertação nacional na Guiné-Bissau, que inclui um breve relato da colonização europeia em África. O trabalho se enquadra no campo da história e sociologia política, procura abordar os processos de resistências na Guiné Portuguesa, nome atribuído à atual Guiné-Bissau no período da colonização lusitana, assim como procurou-se trazer uma análise sobre as relações políticas costuradas no período da colonização em torno de unidade étnica e identidade nacional. Para realizar esta reflexão, levou se em consideração a perspectiva pan-africanista de Amilcar Cabral. O trabalho tem como referencial teórico o pensamento pós-colonial, aplicado aos processos políticos dos países africanos, centrado numa perspectiva de um estudo essencialmente bibliográfico. O pensamento de Amílcar Cabral ajudou a conduzir esta análise, visto que ele foi o líder do partido que conseguiu conquistar a hegemonia política para conduzir a luta pela independência, chancelada pelos diversos grupos étnicos, associações de bairros e outros grupos de resistência formada pela elite urbana que era formada por funcionários públicos de grandes casas comerciais na administração portuguesa.
Palavras-chave: luta de libertação nacional; resistências étnicas; identidade guineense; colonialismo.
El uso de los videojuegos para la enseñanza de la Historia Antigua en Educación Secundaria: una investigación educativa
Authors: Jaldón-Méndez Sánchez Manuel Jesús
Published: November 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es valorar la idoneidad del videojuego Dominations como herramienta para crear un aprendizaje significativo en el alumnado de 1.º de ESO para los contenidos relacionados con la cultura mesopotámica, así como los beneficios que aporta su utilización en el aula. Para ello, se ha diseñado una investigación de tipo interpretativa estructurada en diferentes fases (búsqueda de experiencias de aula, preparación y diseño de los instrumentos de investigación y didáctica, investigación en el aula y evaluación de los resultados), teniendo como herramienta principal el videojuego. Este proceso revela, además de la mejora de la motivación en el aula, una mejor percepción de los contenidos, así como una mejor comprensión del tiempo histórico. El videojuego supone pues una excelente herramienta dentro del marco educativo formal para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la civilización mesopotámica.

The objective of this work is to analyse the suitability of the Dominations video game as a tool to create meaningful learning in 1st year ESO students for the content related to Mesopotamian culture, as well as the benefits that its use in the classroom provides. To do this, an interpretive-type research structured in different phases has been designed (search for classroom experiences, preparation and design of research and didactic instruments, research in the classroom and evaluation of the results), with the video game as the main tool. This process reveals, in addition to improved motivation in the classroom, a better perception of the content, as well as a better understanding of historical time. Thus, the video game is an excellent tool within the formal educational framework for the teaching and learning of the Mesopotamian civilization.
Concepciones de docentes en formación suecos y españoles sobre la desigualdad de género en perspectiva temporal
Authors: Ortuño Molina Jorge , Alvén Fredrik
Published: November 2021

Este trabajo se centra en la visión particular que futuros y futuras docentes tienen sobre la desigualdad de género y cómo ha evolucionado ésta a lo largo de la historia. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación se han analizado 131 narraciones de docentes en formación de España (n=55) y Suecia (n=76) que cursan programas universitarios de educación en Primaria y Secundaria. El diseño de la investigación ha supuesto el análisis del contenido de las narraciones con un proceso de codificación y posterior identificación de co-ocurrencias, análisis de conglomerados de códigos, densidad de codificación y red de códigos con el programa Nvivo 12 Pro. A pesar de algunas diferencias significativas en cuanto al sentido del tiempo en la historia entre las narraciones analizadas suecas y españolas, en ambos casos predomina una falta de identificación de la capacidad de acción de las personas (especialmente resistencia de las mujeres a las asimetrías de poder operadas en el pasado), y un débil análisis del pasado desde la perspectiva de género que ayude a comprender el problema presente.

The research is concerned with pre-service teachers’ assumptions about gender inequality and its development across time. In conducting the research 131 narrations of Spanish (n = 55) and Swedish (n = 76) students, enrolled in Primary and Secondary education programs, were analyzed. The research design has been the content analysis of the narratives through a coding process and subsequently identification of co-occurrences, cluster analysis, density of codes and nets of codes with software Nvivo 12 Pro. Although some differences come up regarding the orientantion over time among Swedish and Spanish narratives, in both cases prevail a lack of intentional historical agency (specially of women against the power asymmetries in societies), and a weak analysis of the past from gender perspective that could help to understand current situations.
Évaluer l’oral quand on est enseignant ou chercheur : points de discussion et prises de décision dans la coconception d’une grille critériée
Authors: Wiertz Christine , Van Mosnenck Sabine , Galand Benoit , Colognesi Stéphane
Published: November 2021

Devant les difficultés des enseignants et des chercheurs à évaluer efficacement l’oral, les grilles critériées semblent une solution pertinente. Cependant, l’interprétation des critères de la grille varie en fonction du cadre de référence de l’évaluateur. Dans cette étude, une comparaison a été réalisée entre un groupe de cinq enseignants et un groupe de quatre chercheurs dans la conception de deux grilles critériées permettant d’évaluer la compétence à communiquer oralement des élèves de fin de primaire. Les résultats de notre analyse qualitative montrent que les difficultés, les modalités d’utilisation de la grille, les types de justifications et les solutions apportées par les deux groupes professionnels varient quelque peu. Les propos des enseignants sont plus ancrés dans le concret et fortement liés au contexte de la classe. Le groupe des chercheurs, quant à lui, s’est assuré que l’outil construit permet une mesure fine de la compétence à communiquer oralement et s’est interrogé sur l’organisation structurelle de la grille construite.
Crack and motor development of babies living in an assistance shelter
Authors: Midon Mariana Zabadal , Gerzon Laís Rodrigues , Almeida Carla Skilhan de
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The baby motor development happens naturally with the complex interaction of the body, performing tasks in its context. When the body suffers negative external influence, such as the use of drugs by the mother during pregnancy, and develops in an environment different from home, such as shelters, it is questionable how the motor development would be. Objective: To evaluate the motor development of babies living in welfare shelters, children of crack users during pregnancy; to verify if there is an association of motor delay in these babies; and to describe the environment in which they were inserted. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, with a convenience sample. There were 29 babies between three and 16 months old. Twenty-two of them were exposed to crack during pregnancy (Crack Group) and the remaining seven were not (Non-Crack Group). All were living in a specific shelter. To assess broad motor development, the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) was used. The Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development - Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS) was used to assess home environment opportunities. Results: In the crack group, the developmental delay was confirmed in 36.4% cases and suspected in 18.2%. Most babies in the crack group were typical (45.5%). There was no statistically significant association between crack group and developmental delay, nor with age and sex. Conclusion: The development of babies in the crack group was similar to the non-crack group and the opportunities in the environment were reasonable for the baby development.
Rheumatic diseases and associated factors in older adults: a Brazilian population-based study
Authors: Saes Mirelle Oliveira , Machado Karla Pereira , Facchini Luiz Augusto , Thumé Elaine
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Rheumatic diseases have high occurrence in older adults, which may lead to a reduction in independence and quality of life. Objective: To calculate prevalence and to identify factors associated with rheumatic diseases in older adults of the urban area of a municipality in Southern Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional population-based study, conducted in 2008 in the city of Bagé-RS, Brazil with older adults aged 60 years or over. The outcome was defined from the question "Has any doctor told you that you have rheumatism, arthritis or arthrosis?" Poisson regression was used for the crude and adjusted analysis. Results: A total of 1,593 participants were interviewed. 27.3% (95% CI 25.0-29.5) reported having medical diagnosis of at least one of the rheumatic diseases studied. In the adjusted analysis, it was found that female sex (RP=2.86; 95% CI 2.28-3.59; p≤0.001), without schooling (RP=1.24; 95% CI 1.0-1.58; p=0.047), not living alone (RP=1.29; 95% CI 1.03-1.61; p=0.024), poor self-perception of health (PR=1.54; 95% CI 1.63-2.02; p=0.001), spinal problems (PR=1,96; 95% CI 1.67-2.31; p≤0.001), fall in the last year (PR=1.22; 95% CI 1.04-1.43; p=0.013), incapacity for instrumental activities of daily living (PR=1.20; 95% CI 1.02-1.41; p=0.028) and healthcare appointment in the last 3 months (PR=1.20; 95% CI 1.01-1.42; p=0.035) were associated with the presence of rheumatic diseases (rheumatism, arthritis and arthrosis). Conclusion: It is suggested that care of musculoskeletal problems of the spine should be increased, in order to reduce falls and functional disability in older adults, based on actions focused on the prevention of these problems.
The effect of replacing sedentary behavior by different intensities of physical activity in body composition: a systematic review
Authors: Souza Melyssa Alves , Ostolin Thatiane Lopes Valentim Di Paschoale
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The isotemporal substitution model (ISM) is a statistical approach that estimates the effects of replacing, in minutes, a block of physical activity or sedentary behavior by another block with different intensity. Previous studies have used the ISM to evaluate the effect of different isotemporal substitutions on body composition. Thus, the ISM can contribute to the understanding of changes in body composition related to distinct lifestyles and, hence, guiding future recommendations for maintaining and/or improving body composition. Objective: To review the effect of replacing sedentary behavior by physical activity on body composition change analyzed through ISM. Methods: Original articles in English were identified from searches in PubMed and Periódicos Capes databases. The search was carried out by two researchers. Last search was performed in October 2020. Results: A total of 17 included articles, which evaluated different applications of ISM in relation to body composition change, mostly obtained by BMI and body fat. The physical activity was mainly assessed by using an accelerometer. Several methodological differences among the included studies limited comparisons between findings, including the sample profile and cut off points for physical activity. Conclusion: Among the studies that evaluate the effect of replacing sedentary behavior for different intensities of physical activity through ISM, replacing sedentary behavior by moderate-to-vigorous physical activity presented a more consistent effect in body composition change in comparison to replacement by other physical activity intensities, even for small blocks of time (five minutes).
Más allá de los límites del Estado. Fronteras, extractivismo y formación del espacio nacional en la Orinoquia colombiana, 1913-1941
Authors: González Gómez Lina Marcela
Published: November 2021

Objective/Context: Starting from the idea that, in the Colombian case, the formation of the national space is marked by a predominant rhetoric that far exceeds the actions undertaken to effectively incorporate the whole space and its inhabitants into the framework of national sovereignty, this article provides some elements for a better understanding of border processes in the Colombian-Venezuelan Orinoco basin. Methodology: For this purpose, different views are presented on the concept of border: as a line that separates different national states and defines their sovereignty, an interstice between them, and a key element of the geography of capitalism. Originality: This article contributes to better understanding a little-explored subject: the place occupied by the Colombian-Venezuelan Alto Orinoco-Río Negro in world capitalism during the cycle of rubber extractivism in the first half of the twentieth century and its effects on the formation of the national space in both countries. Conclusions: The documentation consulted shows that in the interstitial area studied here, both national states were constrained in their fragile relationship with space, only finding its value in a hollow conception of their domain, where multiple sovereignties—although suspended—were entrenched in a scheme in which the public and the private got constantly confused; this helped produce and reinforce the frontier that expanded the geography of capitalism based on an extractive economy that occluded the national space in favor of global capitalism, while, at the same time, perpetuated the unredeemed condition of peripheral zones.
Percepción de desigualdad económica en la vida cotidiana e ideología política: un estudio con jóvenes de España
Authors: García-Sánchez Efraín , García-Castro Juan Diego , Willis Guillermo B. , Rodríguez-Bailón Rosa
Published: November 2021

In this study, we analyze the perception of economic inequality in everyday life in Spain based on political ideology. Using content analysis techniques, we processed 705 open-ended responses from 290 people and used network analysis to examine the relationships between the categories identified. We found that economic inequality is perceived primarily as social comparison and relative deprivation between individuals/groups. However, it is perceived more in terms of social justice when people are situated on the left (vs. the right) of the political spectrum. We discuss the perception of economic inequality as a multidimensional phenomenon situated in everyday life, which influences how we understand and react to social disparities.
Relationships between environmental variables and spatial and temporal distribution of jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) in the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea
Authors: Feng Yuting , Shi Haiyi , Hou Gang , Zhao Hui , Dong Changming
Published: November 2021

The jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) is both a dominant pelagic fish species and an important fishing target in the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea. However, the resource status of this species fluctuates dramatically, and it has recently been added to a “red list” of threatened species of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Despite its economic importance and decreasing population status, limited research on its spatiotemporal distribution has been undertaken over the last decades. In order to evaluate the most crucial factors that influence the spatiotemporal variability of T. japonicus and to determine GAM performance and predictability, we analyze catch per unit effort (CPUE) of T. japonicus from Beibu Gulf over four seasons (months) from 2013 to 2014. A generalized additive model (GAMs) is populated with water depth and remotely sensed sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), sea surface chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) and sea level anomaly (SLA). The CPUE of T. japonicus varies seasonally, with higher CPUE in summer and autumn than in spring and winter, and the highest CPUE in summer. GAM results explain 57% of the deviation explained in CPUE, with the most important variables being SLA, Month, Depth, SSS, and SST , each explaining 21.2%, 18.7%, 10.7%, 5.1%, and 1.3% of the variation in CPUE, respectively. This species occurs mainly between 50 and 75 m depth, SSS values 32.3–33.5 PSU and SST 25–30.5 °C. High CPUE sites occur near SLA ≤ 0 m, on the edge of cold eddies, and there is a certain catch near the sea surface with SLA ≥ 0 m. The spatial and temporal distribution of T. japonicus is affected by the season and the marine hydrological environment. This study might contribute to a better understanding of the distributional patterns of T. japonicus as well as provide a basis for sustainable management in the Beibu Gulf.
E-BOOK CERITA BERGAMBAR PENCEGAHAN BULLYING UNTUK ANAK USIA 9-11 TAHUN BERBASIS ALKITAB
Authors: Krisdian Eka Anggraeni , Subekti Iman
Published: November 2021

Cables News Network (CNN) Indonesia (Desember 2019), mencatat 41% pelajar Indonesia mengaku menjadi korban bullying / perundungan. Sedangkan, rata-rata anak dalam perundungan pada negara OCED (Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development)  sebesar 23%. Indonesia juga menjadi negara urutan ke-5 dari 78 negara yang memiliki jumlah kasus perundungan murid terbanyak. Fenomena terjadinya bullying oleh anak-anak ini juga terjadi di Sekolah Kristen yang menerapkan Pendidikan Kristen. Fenomena ini terjadi dalam komunitas anak usia 9-11 tahun. Komunitas Pendidikan Kristen yaitu keluarga, sekolah, dan gereja harus segera bertindak untuk melakukan pencegahan terhadap tindakan bullying yang tidak sesuai dengan teladan dan kasih Tuhan Yesus Kristus. Pencegahan dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara misalnya program literasi digital yaitu e-book cerita bergambar yang dekat dengan dunia anak-anak. Perspektif Alkitab haruslah menjadi dasar atas perancangan dari pencegahan bullying dengan tepat. E-book cerita bergambar pencegahan bullying untuk anak usia 9-11 tahun berbasis Alkitab bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi mengenai pengertian, dampak, dan jenis dari bullying serta memberikan pandangan dari Alkitab (konsep Creation, Fall, Redemption, Consummation) yang dipakai sebagai prinsip pencegahan bullying. E-book ini dibuat melalui tahap perencanaan cover, isi, grafis dan pemilihan bahasa. Hasil validasi menujukkan bahwa produk ini layak untuk digunakan dengan adanya masukan dari validator ahli. Analisis uji coba yang dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan wawancara dan angket kuesioner. Hasil dari uji coba menunjukkan bahwa melalui e-book ini, anak usia 9-11 tahun mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan mengenai bullying dan memahami konsep CFRC sebagai prinsip pencegahan bullying.
Diluted Ionic Liquid Electrolyte‐Assisted Stable Cycling of Small Molecular Organics
Authors: Xu Ting , Qin Jian , Liu Yutao , Lan Qing , Zhao Yali , Song Zhiping , Zhan Hui
Published: November 2021

Small‐molecular organic materials with high capacity and fast reaction kinetics have gained increasing attention, but they are greatly bothered by the dissolution issue. Unlike the mainstream approaches of material processing, herein, an electrolyte strategy has been proposed to address the dissolution loss of anhydride materials. With the assistance of binary diluent, longer than 1000 times of stable cycling have been realized by 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) in ionic liquid electrolyte. Further investigation indicates that the diluent strategy has enabled the same stable cycling under high temperature or on high‐loading electrodes, and additionally, its effectiveness has been proved on other small‐molecular organics.
Electrochemically Exfoliated WS2 Nanosheets for the Electrochemical Impedimetric Detection of NADH
Authors: Doonyapisut Dulyawat , Kannan Padmanathan Karthick , Kim Byeongkyu , Chung Chan‐Hwa
Published: November 2021

In this work, exfoliated WS2 nanosheets were synthesized using a two‐electrode‐configured electrochemical exfoliation method and they were used as a potential material for the detection of NADH. Using screen‐printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) as a sensing platform, exfoliated WS2 nanostructures (ex‐WS2) were drop‐casted and their electrocatalytic activity was studied in the presence of NADH. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was applied as a sensing tool to achieve superior sensing performance towards NADH. At the optimized DC bias value of 0.4 V, the developed NADH sensor shows linear calibration plots in the ranges of 2 to 2048 μM. From the calibration data, the sensitivity value was found to be 36.875 Ω log([NADH])−1 with the limit of detection (LOD) value of 57 nM. In addition to that, it also exhibited very high selectivity in the presence of other possible interfering species, suggesting that the present exfoliated WS2‐modified SPCE‐based sensing platform could be used for the impedimetric label‐free monitoring of NADH in various fields.
Synergetic Engineering of High‐Oxidation‐State Cations on Phase Boundaries toward High‐Efficiency Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Qiu Yanling , Li Qin , Ji Xuqiang , Liu Jingquan
Published: November 2021

Interfacial structure engineering with multiple high‐oxidation‐state cations, especially those that show unstable higher‐valence during catalysis towards superior electron synergy, for high‐performance electrocatalysis is of great interest and full of challenges. Lattice distortion from lattice strain at phase boundaries as a result of interfacial structure engineering is also appealing. Fe oxyhydroxide containing Fe3+ lead to unstable Fe4+ with a short lifetime on edge/defect sites during steady‐state water‐oxidation catalysis. Such material was deliberately installed to achieve atom‐scale combination with Ni3+ relevant layered double hydroxide to construct high‐energy interfaces for high‐oxidation‐state cations synergy and induce lattice distortion. The Fe‐o‐NiAlOH exhibited prominent property toward oxygen evolution reaction with 202 mV to drive 10 mA cm−2. Fe‐o‐NiAlOH also showed hydrogen evolution reaction activity, requiring an overpotential of 180 mV for 10 mA cm−2. Alkaline water electrolyzer with Fe‐o‐NiAlOH as both anodic and cathodic electrodes required only 1.64 V to reach 10 mA cm−2. This work offers an effective well‐defined electrocatalyst and shows the synergetic protocol of unstable high‐oxidation‐state cations and lattice defects for high‐performance water decomposition catalysis.
Enantioselective analyses of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in rat liver microsomes through chiral liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Guo Dong , He Rujian , Su Wenxia , Liang Ziqing , Zhang Weiguang , Fan Jun
Published: November 2021

An efficient, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) chiral analysis method was established for determination of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine enantiomers in rat liver microsomes. Effects of polysaccharide chiral stationary phases and basic additives on chiral separations of two analytes were discussed in detail. Amylose tris(3, 5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate)‐coated chiral stationary phase showed the best separation performance for them with acetonitrile‐diethylamine‐ethanol‐diethylamine mixture (90:0.1:10:0.1, v/v/v/v) among four chiral stationary phases. Then, multiple reaction monitoring mode was selected as the data acquisition for determination of two pairs of enantiomers. The proposed LC–MS/MS chiral analysis method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and specificity. Good linearity with correlation coefficient over 0.998 was obtained in the concentration range of 0.05–5 μM. Limits of quantification for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine enantiomers were 5.0 and 1.0 nM, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 81.14% to 111.09%. The intra‐day and inter‐day relative standard deviation were less than 6.5%. Moreover, concentrations of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine enantiomers in rat liver microsomes were determined through the proposed LC–MS/MS analysis method. After incubated with rat liver microsomes for 10 min, the enantiomeric factor of hydroxychloroquine decreased from 0.50 to 0.45 (p < 0.001). In brief, our developed determination method for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine enantiomers through LC–MS/MS spectrometry showed the characteristics of high‐efficiency, fast speed, and very low detection limit, and would be greatly beneficial for screening and quantitation of them in biological matrices.
PriTxt: A privacy risk assessment method for text data based on semantic correlation learning
Authors: Xiong Ping , Liang Lin , Zhu Yunli , Zhu Tianqing
Published: November 2021

Privacy risk assessment plays a fundamental role in privacy preservation, as it determines the extent to which subsequent processing (such as generalization and obfuscation), should be applied to the sensitive data. However, most existing works on privacy risk assessment have focused on structured data, while unstructured text data remain relatively underexplored due to the complexity of natural language. In this article, we propose a novel method, PriTxt, for evaluating the privacy risk associated with text data by exploiting the semantic correlation. Using definitions derived from the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), a de facto standard of privacy preservation in practice, PriTxt first defines the private features that related to individual privacy in order to locate the sensitive words. By using the word2vec algorithm, a word‐embedding model is further constructed to identify the quasi‐sensitive words that are semantically correlated to the private features. The privacy risk of a given text is finally evaluated by aggregating the weighted risks of the sensitive and the quasi‐sensitive words in the text. Experiments on real‐world datasets demonstrate that the proposed PriTxt is effective for conducting risk assessment on text data and further outperforms the traditional methods.
Spatio‐temporal effects of inundation and climate on vegetation greenness dynamics in dryland floodplains
Authors: Shaeri Karimi Sara , Saintilan Neil , Wen Li , Cox Jonathan
Published: November 2021

Monitoring floodplain vegetation response to water availability is essential for sustainable water resource management. However, the interpretation of these responses through space and time has been challenging due to the limitation of satellite‐derived inundation extent, which is restricted by the return period of imagery and prevalence of clouds affected images during high flow events. We address this issue by utilising a predictive inundation model capable of reporting inundation at daily temporal resolution. Spatio‐temporal patterns in vegetation greenness of four floodplain vegetation communities (Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus largiflorens, Eucalyptus coolabah and Duma florulenta) were quantified using Landsat‐derived vegetation index and a combination of time series of floodplain inundation pattern, rainfall and soil moisture for the years 1989–2016. The results show that vegetation dynamics were highly variable between years and are closely associated with irregular rainfall patterns and overbank flooding. Linear mixed‐effect models explained between 38% and 67% of the variability in vegetation productivity, with all involved variables being significant predictors (p < 0.05). The effects of rainfall, soil moisture and inundation were diverse and depended on vegetation type. Higher inundation frequency and low interflood period often corresponded to lower vegetation responses, which may relate to a mixed surface water and vegetation signal, or a short‐term inhibitive effect of surface water on growth. These results highlight the importance of groundwater and lagged effects of rainfall and flow in explaining patterns of vegetation condition in semi‐arid floodplains and should be considered in the design of environmental water monitoring programmes.
Prevalence of relapse of automatically maintained behavior resulting from context changes
Authors: Muething Colin , Call Nathan , Ritchey Carolyn M. , Pavlov Alexis , Bernstein Alec M. , Podlesnik Christopher A.
Published: November 2021

Increases in behavior due to context changes are common and are known as instances of renewal. Clinically relevant examples from the literature highlighting renewal often include socially mediated problem behaviors. This report retrospectively analyzed data during context changes for individuals who engaged in problem behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement, to evaluate the prevalence of relapse. Problem behavior reemerged during changes both in the person implementing treatment (e.g., introducing a caregiver; 36%) and in the setting (e.g., introducing treatment in the home; 26%). Most prevalence studies report greatest relapse immediately following context changes but the highest level of relapse was observed after 5 sessions following person changes and no systematic pattern with setting changes. These patterns of relapse likely reflect differences in the function of settings and people relative to automatically reinforced behavior in the present study. Implications of relapse for treatments of problem behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement are discussed.
Microstructure Manipulation of Polyurethane‐Based Macromolecular Scaffold for Tendon/Ligament Tissue Engineering
Authors: Bahrami Saeid , Solouk Atefeh , Duprez Delphine , Mirzadeh Hamid
Published: November 2021

In spite of improvements in tissue engineering approaches, tendon and ligament (T/L) regeneration is still a clinical challenge. The fabrication of functional scaffolds that possess the structural and biological properties of native T/L tissues is critical to a successful healing. Herein, the effect of scaffold microstructure on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) response is evaluated. Electrospun polyurethane (EPU) scaffolds with different alignment degrees of nanofibers are fabricated using five rotating speeds of the collector. Although the constructs display similarity in terms of porosity (85%), the increasing degree of alignment results in a notable reduction of fiber diameter. Accordingly, it also improves the tensile strength from 26.44 ± 0.50 to 35.76 ± 1.50 MPa and tensile modulus from 18.94 ± 1.02 to 31.10 ± 1.11 MPa. Furthermore, despite similarities of cell supporting behavior among all types of scaffolds in terms of cell attachment, spreading, proliferation, and infiltration, the aligned nanofibers noticeably direct cell orientation parallel to their alignment direction, resulting in significant upregulation of tendon‐related markers expression. Taken together, the results highlight that the aligned EPU scaffolds are a promising candidate for T/L regeneration, which deserves to be further investigated with long‐term studies.
Finite‐time synchronization of complex networks with hybrid‐coupled time‐varying delay via event‐triggered aperiodically intermittent pinning control
Authors: Liu Huawei , Chen Xiangyong , Qiu Jianlong , Zhao Feng
Published: November 2021

This paper considers the finite‐time synchronization problem of complex networks with hybrid‐coupled time‐varying delay. We combine aperiodically intermittent pinning control method and event‐triggered control method to design the controller, which can guarantee that the states of all nodes can realize synchronization in the finite‐time. The event‐triggered mechanism is introduced according to the difference of error values between nodes and reduces the communication frequency. Besides, the pinning nodes are reselected at each triggered moment by a given algorithm. Based on the appropriate inequality scaling technique and Lyapunov function, the finite‐time synchronization criteria are obtained for the given network system model. Finally, the feasibility of the theoretical results is proved through a simulation example.
Identification of source terms in heat equation with dynamic boundary conditions
Authors: Ait Ben Hassi El Mustapha , Chorfi Salah‐Eddine , Maniar Lahcen
Published: November 2021

We study an inverse parabolic problem of identifying two source terms in heat equation with dynamic boundary conditions from a final time overdetermination data. Using a weak solution approach by Hasanov, the associated cost functional is analyzed, especially a gradient formula of the functional is proved and given in terms of the solution of an adjoint problem. Next, the existence and uniqueness of a quasi‐solution are also investigated. Finally, the numerical reconstruction of some heat sources in a 1‐D equation is presented to show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Sex dimorphism in cardiac and aerobic capacities: The influence of body composition
Authors: Diaz‐Canestro Candela , Pentz Brandon , Sehgal Arshia , Montero David
Published: November 2021

Objective

The contribution of body composition to sex differences in strong prognostic cardiorespiratory variables remains unresolved. This study aimed to elucidate whether body composition determines sex differences in cardiac and oxygen (O2) uptake responses to incremental exercise.

Methods

Healthy, moderately active women and men (n = 60, age = 60.7 [12.3] years) matched by age and cardiorespiratory fitness were included. Body composition was determined via dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Transthoracic echocardiography and O2 uptake were assessed at rest and throughout incremental exercise with established methods. Major cardiac and pulmonary outcomes were normalized by body surface area (BSA), total lean body mass (LBM), or leg LBM.

Results

Women presented with smaller anthropometrical indices (height, weight, BSA) and LBM compared with men (p < 0.001). Peak exercise cardiac dimensions and output (i.e., peak cardiac outout [Qpeak]), commonly normalized by BSA, were reduced in women relative to men (p ≤ 0.019). Cardiac sex differences were abolished after normalization by total or leg LBM (p ≥ 0.115). Strong linear relationships of total and leg LBM with Qpeak and peak oxygen uptake were detected exclusively in women (r ≥ 0.53, p ≤ 0.003), independent of body fat percentage.

Conclusions

Total and leg LBM stand out as strong independent determinants of cardiac and aerobic capacities in women, regardless of body fat percentage, relationships that are not present in age‐ and fitness‐matched men.
Substitutions at a rheostat position in human aldolase A cause a shift in the conformational population
Authors: Fenton Kathryn D. , Meneely Kathleen M. , Wu Tiffany , Martin Tyler A. , Swint‐Kruse Liskin , Fenton Aron W. , Lamb Audrey L.
Published: November 2021

Some protein positions play special roles in determining the magnitude of protein function: at such “rheostat” positions, varied amino acid substitutions give rise to a continuum of functional outcomes, from wild type (or enhanced), to intermediate, to loss of function. This observed range raises interesting questions about the biophysical bases by which changes at single positions have such varied outcomes. Here, we assessed variants at position 98 in human aldolase A (“I98X”). Despite being ~17 Å from the active site and far from subunit interfaces, substitutions at position 98 have rheostatic contributions to the apparent cooperativity (nH) associated with fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate substrate binding and moderately affected binding affinity. Next, we crystallized representative I98X variants to assess structural consequences. Residues smaller than the native isoleucine (cysteine and serine) were readily accommodated, and the larger phenylalanine caused only a slight separation of the two parallel helixes. However, the diffraction quality was reduced for I98F, and further reduced for I98Y. Intriguingly, the resolutions of the I98X structures correlated with their nH values. We propose that substitution effects on both nH and crystal lattice disruption arise from changes in the population of aldolase A conformations in solution. In combination with results computed for rheostat positions in other proteins, the results from this study suggest that rheostat positions accommodate a wide range of side chains and that structural consequences manifest as shifted ensemble populations and/or dynamics changes.
Comparison of prostate cancer detection rates in patients undergoing MRI/TRUS fusion prostate biopsy with two different software‐based systems
Authors: Hanske Julian , Risse Yannic , Roghmann Florian , Pucheril Daniel , Berg Sebastian , Tully Karl H. , von Landenberg Nicolas , Wald Jan , Noldus Joachim , Brock Marko
Published: November 2021

Background

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐targeted prostate biopsy is a routinely used diagnostic tool for prostate cancer (PCa) detection. However, a clear superiority of the optimal approach for software‐based MRI processing during biopsy procedures is still unanswered. To investigate the impact of robotic approach and software‐based image processing (rigid vs. elastic) during MRI/transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) fusion prostate biopsy (FBx) on overall and clinically significant (cs) PCa detection.

Methods

The study relied on the instructional retrospective biopsy data collected data between September 2013 and August 2017. Overall, 241 men with at least one suspicious lesion (PI‐RADS ≥ 3) on multiparametric MRI underwent FBx. The study protocol contains a systematic 12‐core sextant biopsy plus 2 cores per targeted lesion. One experienced urologist performed 1048 targeted biopsy cores; 467 (45%) cores were obtained using rigid processing, while the remaining 581 (55%) cores relied on elastic image processing. CsPCa was defined as International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade ≥ 2. The effect of rigid versus elastic FBx on overall and csPCa detection rates was determined. Propensity score weighting and multivariable regression models were used to account for potential biases inherent to the retrospective study design.

Results

In multivariable regression analyses, age, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), and PIRADS ≥ 3 lesion were related to higher odds of finding csPCa. Elastic software‐based image processing was independently associated with a higher overall PCa (odds ratio [OR] = 3.6 [2.2–6.1], p < 0.001) and csPCa (OR = 4.8 [2.6–8.8], p < 0.001) detection, respectively.

Conclusions

Contrary to existing literature, our results suggest that the robotic‐driven software registration with elastic fusion might have a substantial effect on PCa detection.