bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Results of Histological Examination of the Placenta in Preterm Birth Among Residents of the Kaliningrad Region With Hereditary Maladaptation of Hemostasis
Authors: Shostak D. , Pashov A. , Volkova L. , Stepantsova M.
Published: March 2023

In modern obstetrics, the problem of premature birth is very relevant. Despite the active development of medical technologies, the number of preterm births stably remains at the level of 5-10% of the total number of births, and recurrent miscarriage reaches 20%. As is known, one of the causes of preterm birth and recurrent miscarriage is the carriage of genes associated with thrombophilia. We are studying the effect of thrombogenic allelic polymorphisms on the course of pregnancy and the outcome of childbirth in the population of the Kaliningrad region. One of the points of our research is devoted to the description of structural changes in the placenta during preterm labor in women with hereditary maladaptation of hemostasis.
Perinatal Loss as an Urgent Issue of Obstetrics and Perinatology
Authors: Vybornykh V.
Published: March 2023

Perinatal losses are an urgent medical and socioeconomic problem of obstetrics and perinatology. Perinatal mortality in the world is about 30‰, varying widely across continents and countries. Perinatal losses are one of the main indicators of the level of medical care, characterize, on the one hand, the state of health of a woman and the fetoplacental system, and therefore the degree of viability of the fetus, and on the other, the quality of medical care for the mother during pregnancy, childbirth and the child before and during childbirth, as well as after birth. In numerous studies, the study of the structure of perinatal loss factors and adverse perinatal outcomes is of paramount importance. The most significant factors, according to some researchers, are intrauterine hypoxia and fetal asphyxia in childbirth, intrauterine anomaly of fetal development, respiratory disorders, intrauterine infections, placental and umbilical cord pathology, birth injuries, intraventricular hemorrhages, neonatal infections. Perinatal losses suggest a high risk of pregnancy. This dictates the need for a correct approach to assessing perinatal risk during pregnancy during the follow-up period with an obstetrician-gynecologist, in most cases there is an underestimation of the degree of risk, incorrect management of pregnancy. Women who have undergone COVID-19 in the first trimester of pregnancy may be at increased risk of adverse perinatal and maternal complications. The increase in the number of surgical interventions in obstetric practice over the past decades, noted in all countries of the world, is directly related to the expansion of the indications for the performance of caesarean section operations to prevent perinatal pathology. At the same time, being a unique measure of preserving the health and life of a mother or fetus, a global increase in its frequency is alarming. Currently, one of the main tasks remains the development of a clear multifactorial, highly differentiated system for predicting perinatal losses in order to prevent them.
Quality of Life of Patients Who Received Variable Electrostatic Therapy With Hivamat 200 Device
Authors: Ibragimova M. , Alybaeva S.
Published: March 2023

The effect of an alternating electrostatic field was studied, as well as the effect of those prescribed in the early recovery period on the quality of life of patients. It is shown that the rehabilitation complex leads to an improvement in the physical, emotional and mental components of the quality of life.
Digitalization of the Banking Sector Economy: Problems and Ways of Improvement
Authors: Abdrasulova Zh. , Abdrasulova S.
Published: March 2023

This article discusses some of the problems and ways to improve the banking sector digitalization economy, or rather the process of promoting Internet banking of banking services. Research objectives: to reveal the relevance of digitalization of banking services in the economy, to identify the advantages and disadvantages of banking digitalization. Research materials and methods: a SWOT analysis of Internet banking in the activities of commercial banks is being carried out. Research results: implementation of an economic assessment in the implementation of banking products and the development of proposals for improving the work of commercial banks. Conclusions: in order to improve the digitalization of the banking sector of the economy, it is necessary to develop bank strategies with the widespread use of remote banking services (hereinafter RBS), which is important, especially in the context of the global financial crisis, the intensification of competition between commercial banks and the correct use of Internet banking in the banking services market.
Problems of Normative Legal Acts Implementation in the Education Sphere
Authors: Shookumova D. , Aitmamatova U. , Mamatova A. , Arym kyzy Zh.
Published: March 2023

Research relevance: article explores the main goals and objectives of the legislation in the Kyrgyz Republic regulating activities in the field of education. Research objectives: to determine the characteristic features of educational relations. Research materials and methods: of the Kyrgyz Republic on education, basic provisions and legislative acts in the field of education. The study was carried out on the basis of general scientific methods of cognition, systemic and systemic structural analyses. Research results: obtained results can be used in scientific research and law enforcement practice. Conclusions: theoretical and legal views, and scientific approaches to the study of educational activities, its positive and negative sides are analyzed.
Family - the Basis of Spiritual and Moral Education of the Person
Authors: Azhibaeva F.
Published: March 2023

The modern system of spiritual and moral education is connected with the centuries-old traditions of family education. It is noted that in Kyrgyzstan the family has traditionally been and is one of the most important institutions of education. The analysis of family education is carried out, the family is considered as the basis of the spiritual and moral education of the individual. The role of parents in educating the foundations of spirituality is determined. Examples of various forms of education are given. Methods for raising a child are given. In conclusion, the author concludes that the well-being of parents in families contributes to the creation of happy marriages in children.
Social Factors of Preparing Adolescents for Family Life During Globalization
Authors: Norkulov H.
Published: March 2023

This article highlights that a family is a sacred place that preserves the continuity of every people, and the nation, ensures the development of national values, brings new generations of children into the world, educates them spiritually and physically, and is considered the main foundation of society. The fact that it is a social unit based on biological, economic, legal, and spiritual relations, creating a healthy environment in families in the era of globalization, ensuring family stability, and increasing the social activity of teenagers are highlighted. The article states that such virtues as hard work, loyalty, sincerity, trust, love of country, justice, purity, and correctness typical of Uzbek families are directly inculcated by parents to their children as a personal example. At the same time, teenagers are expected to solve family problems through their hard work, endurance, contentment, intelligence, foresight, sharp judgment, ability to behave in any situation, overcome the difficulties encountered, and family spirituality through their own strength, self-confidence, will, and knowledge. And issues such as being able to absorb their traditions and fully implement them in their lives have also been reflected. Also, independent family life is a responsible and difficult period for teenagers, and it is necessary to go through new social relations, instructions for the future, processes of social adaptation, and to arm them with knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary in childhood.
Ethics of the Government and Municipal Employee
Authors: Arapova M. , Sadykova R. , Tultemirova G.
Published: March 2023

Compliance with the ethics of a government and municipal employee is a prerequisite for their service and is considered when encouraging, evaluating and creating a personnel reserve. Research objectives: to determine the principles of ethics of a government and municipal employee. Research materials and methods: the principles of ethics of government and municipal employees and the ethical principles of the norms of employees are presented. On issues not regulated by this Code of Ethics, generally accepted norms of conduct apply. Research results: the principles of employee ethics include honesty and integrity; modesty and restraint in behavior; honesty, responsibility and professionalism in the performance of official duties. Conclusions: ethics combines the principles and norms of morality, morality and human behavior.
Traditional Farming in the Economic Culture of the Uzbek People: on the Example of the Surkhan Oasis (Historical and Ethnological Analysis)
Authors: Kabulov E. , Eshkurbonov S.
Published: March 2023

This article is devoted to learning long traditions of Surkhan valley agriculture. It was proved by ethnographical field materials and archive documents in this article that Surkhan valley was surrounded by mountains covering 3 sides, only southern side was open to Amu-Darya, and this geographical position was very comfortable for agriculture. It was scientifically determined that Surkhan valley was not only high-tempered area, but also very convenient land with sunny weather. New kinds of the crops of Surkhan valley agriculture were augmented according to local position at the period of Bukhara emirate. Creating special kinds of land products and cereals suitable for valley climate were written based on archive sources. Changes happening on sowing crops in the valley influencing political, economic and ethnographical processes resulted by Bukhara emirate’s being dependent to Russian empire were given based on scientific literature, archive materials, and statistics. As well as stretching cotton-growing lands, traditions of agriculture, and transformation processes were analyzed by many historical-ethnographical sources for this time.
Scientific Research in Kyrgyzstan in 1920-1930
Authors: Mametemin kyzy M.
Published: March 2023

The article describes the activities carried out in the scientific and cultural sphere in Kyrgyzstan after the establishment of Soviet power. As a result of the division of Central Asia into separate states in 1924, their intensive research began, in particular, the study of the history, ethnography, cultural life, language and folklore of the Kyrgyz people, as well as the natural resources of the region. Museums and archives have been opened, and extensive materials have been collected on the basis of which many works have been written, not only in history and other related social sciences but also in medicine, economics, agriculture, art and culture. With the establishment of the Turkestan Committee, expeditions to the territory of the country were organized. This was the start of a systematic study of the history of the Kyrgyz people and Kyrgyzstan. Museums and archival institutions were opened, extensive materials were collected, on the basis of which many works related not only to history and other related social sciences, but also to medicine, economics, agriculture, art and culture were written.
Transformation of Sound Complexes V+C+V From Mongolian Languages to Turkic Language
Authors: Karataeva S. , Semiz K.
Published: March 2023

Of particular interest to specialists is the etymology of the long vowels of the Turkic and Mongolian languages, which are part of the Altai family, and the preservation of their various states. Despite the fact that these languages belong to the same language family, the periods of emergence and development of longitude of sounds differ. In the Mongolian languages, the process of transition of sound combinations V + C + V into long ones dates back to the 13-14th centuries. This process in the two language groups took place in different ways. If in the Mongolian languages, depending on the quality of the second vowel from the V + C + V complex (subjected to contraction), longitude arose, then in the Turkic languages, on the contrary, the quality of the longitude appearing in the next syllable was determined by the vowel of the first syllable. If the longitude of the sound combination V + C + V from the Mongolian languages was perceived as a ready-made linguistic fact, then it was found that in most cases such complexes, after assimilation, acquired longitude in accordance with the internal laws of the Turkic languages.
Re-Dressing the Evidence: Henrietta Maria’s Wardrobe Accounts, 1627–1639
Authors: Griffey Erin
Published: March 2023

This article presents evidence about Henrietta Maria's dress from her wardrobe accounts of 1627 to 1639. The accounts, in the National Archives at Kew, include a vast range of loose bills, acquittances and warrants related to textiles, garments, trimmings and accessories supplied and made for the Queen and members of her household. The extraordinary variety and splendour of the Queen's dress as well as the lavish clothing she presented to others is evident. This overview focuses on networks of supply and production, including details of key suppliers and artificers; practical aspects of fitting, mending and delivering clothing; gift-giving; and garment types. Tables of suppliers, artificers and garment types are provided.
ANALISIS FAKTOR PENYEBAB KERUSAKAN NASKAH KUNO KOLEKSI ABDUL MULKU ZAHARI DI KELURAHAN BAADIA KECAMATAN MURHUM KOTA BAUBAU PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Mustika Mustika , Syahrun Syahrun , Supriatna Agus
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine and explain the types of damage and the factors causing the damage and solutions to repair the ancient manuscripts collected by Abdul Mulku Zahari in Baadia Village, Murhum District, Baubau City.Research using qualitative research with inductive reasoning is drawing conclusions from things that are specific then states it into things that are general in nature, with data collection methods consisting of observation, literature studies, interviews and documentation.                   

The results of research there are several types of damage and ancient manuscripts in the collection of Abdul Mulku Zahari in Baadia Village, Murhum District, Baubau City, namely: pen streaks, yellowing paper, black spots, ink seeping and widened, torn and faded writing. Factors causing damage to ancient manuscripts in the collection of Abdul Mulku Zahari In the Baadia Village, Murhaum District, Baubau City are divided into four factors causing damage, namely: damage caused by temperature and humidity including fungal factors caused by human damage that comes from the owner or colleagues. fellow of the owner of the manuscript itself, damage caused by insects including termites, rats, nerds and cockroaches, damage factor caused by nature, caused by water that causes ink to seep and widen so that the writing on the manuscript is not clearly read and makes the text corrupt . Efforts to prevent damage to the collection of Abdul Mulku Zahari manuscripts are to put anti-insect drugs such as mothballs and Slica Gel and regulate air temperatures and humidity that are ideal for ancient manuscripts, so that fungus does not multiply which can damage the ancient manuscripts. as well as digitizing scripts to maintain script files in order to stay awake in digital form.
IDENTIFIKASI TINGGALAN ARKEOLOGI PADA SITUS BENTENG WA SIDAKARI DI DESA KASAKA KECAMATAN KABAWO KABUPATEN MUNA
Authors: Rida Rida , Syahrun Syahrun , Salniwati Salniwati
Published: March 2023

Benteng Wa Sidakari  merupakan  peninggalan warisan leluhur yang menjadi saksi sejarah dan cerminan kehidupan masa lampau Karena memiliki riwayat yang bersejarah dalam melawan serangan pasukan Tobelo. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) menjelskan mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan benteng Wa Sidakari Benteng Wa Sidakari (2) mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan benteng Wa sidakari  berdasarkan tinggalannya. Penelitian ini  menggunakan konsep Arkeologi Keruangan dan menggunakan  metode penelitian deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa, observasi lapangan, serta tahap pengolahan data analisis kontekstual dalam menjawab permasalah penelitian. Hasil  penelitian  menunjukan  bahwa tinggalan arkeologi yang terdapat pada situs Benteng yaitu Benteng Wa Sidakari  mempunyai  9 bastion,lubang pengintaian dan 2 makam. Sedangkan untuk fungsi Benteng Wa Sidakari yakni Sebagai tempat pemukiman, dan sebagai tempat pertahanan dan keamanan.
IDENTIFIKASI TINGGALAN-TINGGALAN ARKEOLOGI BENTENG PATUA DI KECAMATAN TOMIA KABUPATEN WAKATOBI
Authors: Hasmita Wa Ode Sry
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa saja tinggalan yang terdapat pada Benteng Patua dan fungsi Benteng patua berdasarkan tinggalannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori arkeologi ruang dan teori pemukiman. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, tekhnik pengumpulan data berupa studi pustaka yaitu pengumpulan literatur, observasi lapangan yaitu survey permukaan, perekaman data dan wawancara, serta tahap pengolahan data, analisis kontekstual dan analisis morfologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tinggalan arkeologi yang terdapat dalam Benteng Patua berupa Makam, Struktur Masjid, Baruga, Meriam, Lubang Intai, Bastion. Selain itu, terdapat beberapa temuan lepas berupa fragmen keramik dan sampah dapur (moluska) yang tersebar di dalam dan di luar benteng. Adapun fungsi Benteng Patua berdasarkan hasil penelitian yaitu sebagai pertahanan dan pemukiman. Tujuannya dibangun Benteng Patua sebagai pertahanan terakhir saat menghadapi penjajah dan perompak. Oleh karena itu pola benteng ini didesain untuk mampu menghalau siapapun yang akan masuk menyerang ke dalam. Meskipun berada di ketinggian, tetapi untuk memperkokoh pertahanan disekelilingnya diperkuat dengan dinding dari batu karang setinggi 1,5 Meter.
Reactivity of non-organometallic ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes and their application as catalysts for hydride transfer reactions
Authors: Chrzanowska Marta , Katafias Anna , van Eldik Rudi
Published: March 2023

Recently, we investigated the substitution behavior of a series of ruthenium(II) complexes of the general formula [RuII(terpy)(N∧N)Cl]Cl, where terpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine, N∧N = bidentate ligand, in aqueous solutions. We have shown that the most and least reactive complexes of the series are [RuII(terpy)(en)Cl]Cl (en = ethylenediamine) and [RuII(terpy)(phen)Cl]Cl (phen = 1, 10-phenantroline), respectively, as a result of different electronic effects provided by the bidentate spectator chelates. Polypyridyl amine Ru(II) complex, viz. [Ru(terpy)(en)Cl]Cl and [Ru(terpy)(ampy)Cl]Cl (where ampy = 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine), in which the terpy chelate labilizes the metal center, are able to catalyze the conversion of NAD+ to 1,4-NADH using sodium formate as a source of hydride. We showed that this complex can control the [NAD+]/[NADH] ratio and potentially induce reductive stress in living cells, which is accepted as an effective method to kill cancer cells. Polypyridyl Ru(II) complexes, characterized in terms of the behavior in aqueous solutions, can be used as model systems to monitor heterogeneous multiphase ligand substitution reactions at the solid-liquid interface. Colloidal coordination compounds in the submicron range were synthesized from Ru(II)-aqua derivatives of starting chlorido complexes via the anti-solvent procedure and stabilized by a surfactant shell layer.
Global research on the crosstalk between intestinal microbiome and colorectal cancer: A visualization analysis
Authors: Yang Shanshan , Hao Shaodong , Ye Hui , Zhang Xuezhi
Published: March 2023

Background

Increasing evidence has shown that the intestinal microbiome (IM) is highly linked to colorectal cancer (CRC). To investigate scientific output, identify highly cited papers, and explore research hotspots and trends in the field of IM/CRC, we conducted a bibliometric and visualized analysis.

Methods

A bibliographic search regarding IM/CRC research (2012-2021) was implemented on October 17, 2022. The terms attached to IM and CRC were searched for in the titles (TI), abstracts (AB), and author keywords (AK). The main information was extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Biblioshiny from R packages and VOSviewer were used for data visualization.

Results

A total of 1725 papers related to IM/CRC were retrieved. Publications on IM/CRC have grown rapidly from 2012 to 2021. China and the United States were in the leading position for publications in this field and made the most significant contributions to IM/CRC research. Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Harvard University were the most productive institutions. The high-yield authors were Yu Jun and Fang Jing Yuan. The International Journal of Molecular Sciences published the most papers, whereas Gut had the most citations. Historical citation analysis showed the evolution of IM/CRC research. Current status and hotspots were highlighted using keyword cluster analysis. The hot topics include the effect of IM on tumorigenesis, the effect of IM on CRC treatment, the role of IM in CRC screening, the mechanisms of IM involvement in CRC, and IM modulation for CRC management. Some topics, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, Fusobacterium nucleatum and short-chain fatty acids could be the focus of IM/CRC research in the coming years.

Conclusion

This research evaluated the global scientific output of IM/CRC research and its quantitative features, identified some significant papers, and gathered information on the status and trends of IM/CRC research, which may shape future paths for academics and practitioners.
Comparison of antibiofilm activity of low-concentrated hypochlorites vs polyhexanide-containing antiseptic
Authors: Paleczny Justyna , Junka Adam Felix , Krzyżek Paweł , Czajkowska Joanna , Kramer Axel , Benkhai Hicham , Żyfka-Zagrodzińska Ewa , Bartoszewicz Marzenna
Published: March 2023

Chronic wound infection is highly associated with morbidity and endangers the patient's life. Therefore, wound care products must have a potent antimicrobial and biofilm-eradicating effect. In this work, the antimicrobial/antibiofilm activity of two low-concentrated chlorine-based and releasing solutions was investigated on a total of 78 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans, using the cohesive spectrum of in vitro settings, including microtiter plate models, biofilm-oriented antiseptic test, cellulose-based biofilm model, biofilm bioreactors and Bioflux model. The antiseptic containing polyhexamethylene biguanide was used in the character of usability control of performed tests. The results obtained by static biofilm models indicate that low-concentrated chlorine-based and releasing solutions display none to moderate antibiofilm activity, while data obtained by means of the Bioflux model, providing flow conditions, indicate the moderate antibiofilm activity of substances compared with the polyhexanide antiseptic. Considering in vitro data presented in this manuscript, the earlier reported favorable clinical results of low-concentrated hypochlorites should be considered rather an effect of their rinsing activity combined with low cytotoxicity but not the antimicrobial effect per se. For the treatment of heavily biofilm-infected wounds, polyhexanide should be considered the agent of choice because of its higher efficacy against pathogenic biofilms.
RETRACTED: Case report: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) modified RNA vaccination-induced Adult-Onset Still's Disease with fulminant myocarditis as initial presentation
Authors: Zhou Mi , Wong Chun Ka , Yeung Wan Yin Winnie , Siu Chung Wah , Yin Lixue
Published: March 2023

Myocarditis is a rare complication of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. We report a case of an elderly female who presented initially with acute myocarditis, fulminant heart failure, and atrial fibrillation after receiving a modified ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine (BNT162b2). Unlike other patients with vaccine-induced myocarditis, she developed persistent fever, sore throat, polyarthralgia, diffuse macular rash, and lymphadenopathy. After extensive investigation, she was diagnosed with post-vaccination Adult-Onset Still's Disease. The systemic inflammation gradually subsided after the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and systemic steroids. She was discharged from hospital with stable hemodynamics. Methotrexate was subsequently given to maintain long-term remission.
The role of plasma cortisol in dementia, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Haiqi , Chen Kaili , Yang Le , Wang Qiaoli , Zhang Jiao , He Jinting
Published: March 2023

Background

Many clinical studies have shown a correlation between plasma cortisol and neurological disorders. This study explored the causal relationship between plasma cortisol and dementia, epilepsy and multiple sclerosis based on Mendelian randomization (MR) method.

Methods

Data were taken from the summary statistics of a genome-wide association study, FinnGen consortium and United Kingdom Biobank. Dementia, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis were used as outcomes, and genetic variants associated with plasma cortisol were used as instrumental variables. The main analysis was performed using the inverse variance weighted method, and the results were assessed according to the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity tests, pleiotropy tests, and leave-one-out method were conducted to evaluate the stability and accuracy of the results.

Results

In two-sample MR analysis, the inverse variance weighted method showed that plasma cortisol was associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 0.99 (0.98-1.00), P = 0.025], vascular dementia (VaD) [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 2.02 (1.00-4.05), P = 0.049)], Parkinson’s disease with dementia (PDD) [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 0.24 (0.07-0.82), P = 0.023] and epilepsy [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 2.00 (1.03-3.91), P = 0.042]. There were no statistically significant associations between plasma cortisol and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and multiple sclerosis.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that plasma cortisol increase the incidence rates of epilepsy and VaD and decrease the incidence rates of AD and PDD. Monitoring plasma cortisol concentrations in clinical practice can help prevent diseases, such as AD, PDD, VaD and epilepsy.
Bioassessment of multiple stressors in Afrotropical rivers: Evaluating the performance of a macroinvertebrate-based index of biotic integrity, diversity, and regional biotic indices
Authors: Masese Frank O. , Wanderi Elizabeth W. , Nyakeya Kobingi , Achieng Alfred O. , Fouchy Kelly , McClain Michael E.
Published: March 2023

Many streams and rivers outside conservation areas across the Afrotropics face multiple stressors from land use change, urbanization, and excessive water withdrawals. Thus, there is a need to develop cost-effective tools for assessing and monitoring ecological changes to inform management decisions. Studies utilizing macroinvertebrate communities as indicators of the ecological condition of streams and rivers in the Afrotropics use diverse methods, including diversity, richness, biotic and multimetric indices. However, some of these indices are region- or country-specific, which limits their general use across multiple regions or countries. In this study, we address this challenge by testing and comparing the performance of diversity and richness indices (e.g., Shannon-Wiener and Simpson), regional biotic indices (the African Scoring System Version 5 [SASS5], Tanzanian River Scoring System [TARISS] and a biotic index developed for the Ethiopian highlands [ETHbios]), and a macroinvertebrate-based index of biotic integrity (M-IBI) in assessing the ecological condition of Afrotropical rivers with the transboundary Mara River, Kenya and Tanzania, as a case study. In this study, we analyzed water and habitat quality degradation caused by multiple stressors such as land use change, organic pollution and flow alteration and the corresponding responses in macroinvertebrate communities. We utilized macroinvertebrates data collected from 143 sites covering the entire gradient of the river and its major tributaries in Kenya and Tanzania. To develop the M-IBI, we used 12 metrics that describe macroinvertebrate community richness, composition, tolerance to disturbances (indicator taxa), and the composition of functional feeding groups. Although all the biotic indices were sensitive to poor water quality and human disturbance of the river, the M-IBI performed better than biotic indices (SASS5, Tanzanian River Scoring System, and Ethiopian highlands), diversity and richness indices by having a higher discriminatory ability of site categories according to different levels and types of disturbance. Diversity and richness indices performed poorly and failed to discriminate between stressor gradients in the river. This study demonstrates a need for testing and evaluating indices or protocols before adoption and use in biomonitoring streams and rivers in other countries and regions. There is an even greater need to assess the tolerance of macroinvertebrate taxa before inclusion in biotic indices for improved performance as discriminators of multiple stressors.
China’s environmental “fee-to-tax” and foreign direct investment—An empirical study based on intensity difference-in-differences
Authors: Huang Jiqiang , Li Yanfeng
Published: March 2023

To protect and improve the environment, reduce pollutant emissions, and promote ecological civilization, China implemented “the Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China” on 1 January 2018. However, what is the impact of strict environmental regulation on foreign direct investment (FDI)? The study uses the data from 287 cities in 30 of China’s provinces between 2003 and 2019 and constructs an intensity difference-in-difference model to test the impact of China’s environmental “fee-to-tax” on FDI. Empirical results show that environmental “fee-to-tax” significantly boosts FDI. The “pollution halo” hypothesis is confirmed, and the findings hold up through robustness tests. In addition, the heterogeneity test found that environmental “fee-to-tax” mainly promoted FDI in the eastern and central regions but not significantly in the western regions. Further expansion found that environmental “fee-to-tax” can effectively reduce the emission of pollutants. The results provide important policy implications for deepening the environmental protection tax reform and optimizing FDI.
Examining the gaps in perinatal mental health care: A qualitative study of the perceptions of perinatal service providers in Canada
Authors: DeRoche Christina , Hooykaas Amanda , Ou Christine , Charlebois Jaime , King Krista
Published: March 2023

In Canada, access to perinatal mental health services is disparate across districts, regions, provinces, and territories. Questions remain as to how gaps in service are being experienced by Canadian service providers and clinicians. This paper examines three key questions: 1) What are the experiences of care providers with respect to the screening, identifying, and managing perinatal mental health disorders? 2) What gaps in perinatal mental health care have been identified? and 3) What approaches have been taken by providers, communities, and regions in addressing the needs of their populations? To address these questions, 435 participants from across Canada were surveyed using an online survey constructed by the research members of the CPMHC. A qualitative analysis of the data revealed three key themes: groups marginalized by the current perinatal mental health system, gaps and supports identified by communities; and systemic and policy issues. From these three themes we have identified the key components of changes required in the national approach to perinatal mental health disorders. We identify key resources that could be utilized to create policy change and provide recommendations for change.
Alterations in gut immunological barrier in SARS-CoV-2 infection and their prognostic potential
Authors: Eleftheriotis Gerasimos , Tsounis Efthymios P. , Aggeletopoulou Ioanna , Dousdampanis Periklis , Triantos Christos , Mouzaki Athanasia , Marangos Markos , Assimakopoulos Stelios F.
Published: March 2023

Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily associated with mild respiratory symptoms, a subset of patients may develop more complicated disease with systemic complications and multiple organ injury. The gastrointestinal tract may be directly infected by SARS-CoV-2 or secondarily affected by viremia and the release of inflammatory mediators that cause viral entry from the respiratory epithelium. Impaired intestinal barrier function in SARS-CoV-2 infection is a key factor leading to excessive microbial and endotoxin translocation, which triggers a strong systemic immune response and leads to the development of viral sepsis syndrome with severe sequelae. Multiple components of the gut immune system are affected, resulting in a diminished or dysfunctional gut immunological barrier. Antiviral peptides, inflammatory mediators, immune cell chemotaxis, and secretory immunoglobulins are important parameters that are negatively affected in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mucosal CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, Th17 cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and macrophages are activated, and the number of regulatory T cells decreases, promoting an overactivated immune response with increased expression of type I and III interferons and other proinflammatory cytokines. The changes in the immunologic barrier could be promoted in part by a dysbiotic gut microbiota, through commensal-derived signals and metabolites. On the other hand, the proinflammatory intestinal environment could further compromise the integrity of the intestinal epithelium by promoting enterocyte apoptosis and disruption of tight junctions. This review summarizes the changes in the gut immunological barrier during SARS-CoV-2 infection and their prognostic potential.
Responses of bacterioplankton, particle- and colony-attached bacterial communities to Phaeocystis globosa blooms in Mirs Bay, China
Authors: Shi Rongjun , Qi Zhanhui , Han Tingting , Dai Ming , Zhang Shufei , Huang Honghui
Published: March 2023

Microalgae blooms are a frequent occurrence in coastal waters worldwide. It is reasonable to assume that these blooms have various influences on bacterial communities, which in turn may affect the development and dissipation of the bloom. However, the bacterial community characteristics, particularly of attached bacteria, associated with microalgae blooms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the community profiles of bacteria using high-throughput sequencing during a Phaeocystis globosa bloom in Mirs Bay, southern China, in January 2021. Bacteria living in three habitats, i.e., bacterioplankton, particle-attached bacteria, and colony-attached bacteria, were studied from the exponential growth phase to the decline growth phase of the bloom. Distinct variations in bacterial community composition existed among the three habitats. Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, and Cyanobacteria were the dominant phyla of bacterioplankton, particle–attached bacteria, and colony-attached bacteria, respectively. Richness and diversity were significantly highest (p < 0.01) in particle-attached bacteria, followed by bacterioplankton, and lowest in colony-attached bacteria. The community diversities of bacterioplankton and particle-attached bacteria decreased significantly (p < 0.05) as the bloom shifted from the exponential to the decline phase. During the decline growth phase of the bloom, Bacteroidota and Verrucomicrobiota were the dominant remarkably abundant bacteria in the bacterioplankton community, whereas Verrucomicrobiota was dominant in the particle-attached bacteria community. No significant difference was observed in the colony-attached bacterial community between the exponential and decline phases of the P. globosa bloom owing to their complex network. The results of this study suggest that P. globose bloom has a profound impact on marine bacteria, particularly species that can decompose organic matter, which could play a crucial role in the dissipation of algal blooms.
A brief review of the rapid transformation of driveline lubricants for hybrid electric and electric vehicles
Authors: Newcomb Timothy
Published: March 2023

Hybrid electric and electric vehicles have represented a small portion of the automotive market for many years and mainly use current lubricants, typically automatic transmission fluids (ATFs). However, regulatory compliance to limit greenhouse gases and increased consumer demand have resulted in a rapid global transition to electrified vehicles. This has prompted the need for new advances in vehicle technology to improve efficiency and thereby increase range. Enabling and optimizing such advances requires a new generation of driveline lubricants. Incorporating an electric motor in a transmission or axle, where the motor is exposed to the gear box lubricant, creates new challenges that focus attention on lubricant characteristics that were previously not differentiating features, for example, electrical and thermal properties. Additionally, lubricants must now also be compatible with the constituents used in electric motors which include new polymeric materials and, in some cases, exposed copper. Compatibility tests of these polymers vary within the industry and the risk of copper corrosion in these applications is not always properly assessed by current specification tests. In this paper we will begin with a brief history of electric vehicles, highlight how driveline lubricants, specifically ATFs, have evolved over the years to meet new hardware requirements and then describe the performance requirements expected of lubricants specifically designed for vehicles with electric drive units (EDUs). Our primary goal, however, is to summarize the recent literature that illustrates the changing importance of various lubricant performance properties, new proposed test methods and offer some insight into future e-lubricant evolution.
Cytokine modulation in abdominal septic shock via the crucial role of IL-6 signaling in endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Ueno Takuya , Ikeda Toshiaki , Okihara Masaaki , Akashi Isao , Yokoyama Takayoshi , Kihara Yu , Konno Osamu , Nakamura Yuki , Iwamoto Hitoshi , Ueno Yu , Chandraker Anil
Published: March 2023

Background

Early recovery from shock improves prognosis in septic shock patients. We determined whether cytokine modulation by Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) following acute care surgery resulted in stable hemodynamics in them. To investigate our hypothesis, we measured proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1ra and the coagulation cascade activator plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) following CRRT with polymyxin B immobilized fiber (PMX-DHP) which has been utilized as an adjuvant treatment option for patients with severe septic shock.

Methods

66 septic shock patients requiring 2 h direct hemoperfusion therapy PMX-DHP were included. 36 patients of them also received continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF) after performing PMX-DHP. Circulatory dynamics and levels of inflammatory mediators, namely IL-6, IL-1ra, and PAI-1 were assessed before, immediately after, and 24 h initiation of PMX-DHP.

Results

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) rose intentionally by PMX-DHP just after enforcement 24 h later (p < 0.01). Levels of IL-6, IL-1ra, and PAI-1 significantly decreased after PMX-DHP (p < 0.05) and this trend was observed up to 24 h post initiation of PMX-DHP (p < 0.05). IL-6 modulation by PMX-DHP was enhanced with using CHDF and there was a significant correlation between IL-6 and MAP (p < 0.0001). In addition, levels of Il-6 and PAI-1 showed a significant correlation.

Conclusion

Our data showed employing CRRT as cytokine modulators could be an additional therapeutic strategy to improve septic shock outcomes via the crucial role of IL-6 signaling in endothelial dysfunction.
Canakinumab leads to rapid reduction of neutrophilic inflammation and long-lasting response in Schnitzler syndrome
Authors: Bossart Simon , Seyed Jafari S. Morteza , Heidemeyer Kristine , Yan Kexiang , Feldmeyer Laurence , Borradori Luca , Yawalkar Nikhil
Published: March 2023

Interleukin-1 (IL-1)-blocking therapies are effective in reducing disease severity and inflammation in Schnitzler syndrome. Here, we present a patient with Schnitzler syndrome treated successfully using canakinumab for over 10 years. Complete clinical response was associated with a decrease in dermal neutrophil number and expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-17 as assessed by immunohistochemical studies.
Case report: Complete atrio-ventricular block successfully reversed in newly diagnosed primary cardiac B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Mao Jiahui , Xu Yitong , Zhu Mingfang , Wang Luqun , Hou Yu
Published: March 2023

Primary cardiac tumors are extremely uncommon and primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) is an even rarer subset. A definite diagnosis can be delayed, which increases the likelihood of a poor prognosis. We report a case involving a 64-year-old male who presented with dyspnea, palpitation, and third-degree atrioventricular block (AVB) secondary to primary cardiac B-cell lymphoma that was diagnosed via endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) and multimodality imaging. Chemotherapy was initiated using rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vindesine, and prednisone (R-COP) followed by implantation of an artificial capsule pacemaker. Third-degree AVB vanished, and the subsequent cycle of treatment was adjusted as R-CDOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin liposome, vindesine, and prednisone), with aspirin and rosavastatin to prevent ischemic events. So far, the patient had a good clinical course and normal electrocardiogram. This case underscores the importance of EMB in the diagnosis of heart neoplasms. It is worth noting that anthracycline is not contraindicated in PCL.
Engineered Escherichia coli cell factory for anthranilate over-production
Authors: Kim Hye-Jin , Seo Seung-Yeul , Park Heung-Soon , Ko Ji-Young , Choi Si-Sun , Lee Sang Joung , Kim Eung-Soo
Published: March 2023

Anthranilate is a key platform chemical in high demand for synthesizing food ingredients, dyes, perfumes, crop protection compounds, pharmaceuticals, and plastics. Microbial-based anthranilate production strategies have been developed to overcome the unstable and expensive supply of anthranilate via chemical synthesis from non-renewable resources. Despite the reports of anthranilate biosynthesis in several engineered cells, the anthranilate production yield is still unsatisfactory. This study designed an Escherichia coli cell factory and optimized the fed-batch culture process to achieve a high titer of anthranilate production. Using the previously constructed shikimate-overproducing E. coli strain, two genes (aroK and aroL) were complemented, and the trpD responsible for transferring the phosphoribosyl group to anthranilate was disrupted to facilitate anthranilate accumulation. The genes with negative effects on anthranilate biosynthesis, including pheA, tyrA, pabA, ubiC, entC, and trpR, were disrupted. In contrast, several shikimate biosynthetic pathway genes, including aroE and tktA, were overexpressed to maximize glucose uptake and the intermediate flux. The rationally designed anthranilate-overproducing E. coli strain grown in an optimized medium produced approximately 4 g/L of anthranilate in 7-L fed-batch fermentation. Overall, rational cell factory design and culture process optimization for microbial-based anthranilate production will play a key role in complementing traditional chemical-based anthranilate production processes.
Genetic characteristic of coexisting of mcr-1 and blaNDM-5 in Escherichia coli isolates from lesion-bearing animal organs
Authors: Xiang Yungai , Liu Zengyuan , Yu Guo , Song Yuxia , Li Yan , Geng Xujing , Ma Liying , Guo Junqing , Tan Li , Chen Pengju
Published: March 2023

The coexistence of mcr-1 and blaNDM-5 in the plasmid of Escherichia coli has been widely reported and such strains have been mainly isolated from animal and human feces. However, few reports have focused on the genetic diversity of mcr-1-carrying chromosomes and blaNDM-5-carrying plasmids in E. coli isolates from lesion-bearing animal organs. This study investigated the genetic characteristics of chromosome-mediated mcr-1 and plasmid-mediated blaNDM-5 in E. coli isolated from lesion-bearing animal organs. Nine mcr-1- and blaNDM-5-positive E. coli strains (MNPECs) showed extensive drug resistance (XDR). The predominant clonal complexes (CC) mainly belonged to CC156, CC10, and CC165 from the 56 MNEPCs (including nine strains in this study) retrieved from the literature. These strains were widely distributed in China, and originated from pig fecal samples, human stool/urine samples as well as intestinal contents of chicken. Two transconjugants harboring blaNDM-5 gene were also successfully obtained from two donors (J-8 and N-14) and this transfer increased the MIC for meropenem by 256 times. However, conjugative transfer of mcr-1 gene failed. Both J-8 and N-14 strains contained point mutations associated with quinolone resistance and more than three types of AMR genes, including the mcr-1 gene on the chromosome and the blaNDM-5 gene on the IncX3-type plasmid. The genetic structure of mcr-1 located on the chromosome was an intact Tn6330, and blaNDM-5-carrying IncX3-type plasmid was ISAb125-IS5-blaNDM-5-bleO-trpF-tat-cutA-IS26 gene cassette. Moreover, differences between chromosomes included additional partial sequence of phage integrated into host genome and the different genes associated with O-antigen synthesis.
Life stage-specific glycosylation of extracellular vesicles from Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula and adult worms drives differential interaction with C-type lectin receptors DC-SIGN and MGL
Authors: Kuipers Marije E. , Nguyen D. Linh , van Diepen Angela , Mes Lynn , Bos Erik , Koning Roman I. , Nolte-’t Hoen Esther N. M. , Smits Hermelijn H. , Hokke Cornelis H.
Published: March 2023

Schistosomes can survive in mammalian hosts for many years, and this is facilitated by released parasite products that modulate the host’s immune system. Many of these products are glycosylated and interact with host cells via C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). We previously reported on specific fucose-containing glycans present on extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by schistosomula, the early juvenile life stage of the schistosome, and the interaction of these EVs with the C-type lectin receptor Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular adhesion molecule-3-Grabbing Non-integrin (DC-SIGN or CD209). EVs are membrane vesicles with a size range between 30–1,000 nm that play a role in intercellular and interspecies communication. Here, we studied the glycosylation of EVs released by the adult schistosome worms. Mass spectrometric analysis showed that GalNAcβ1–4GlcNAc (LacDiNAc or LDN) containing N-glycans were the dominant glycan type present on adult worm EVs. Using glycan-specific antibodies, we confirmed that EVs from adult worms were predominantly associated with LDN, while schistosomula EVs displayed a highly fucosylated glycan profile. In contrast to schistosomula EV that bind to DC-SIGN, adult worm EVs are recognized by macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL or CD301), and not by DC-SIGN, on CLR expressing cell lines. The different glycosylation profiles of adult worm- and schistosomula-derived EVs match with the characteristic glycan profiles of the corresponding life stages and support their distinct roles in schistosome life-stage specific interactions with the host.