bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 as a surrogate marker of carotid plaque inflammation assessed by 18F-FDG PET in patients with a recent ischemic stroke
Authors: Garcia Eduardo , Camps-Renom Pol , Puig Núria , Fernández-Leon Alejandro , Aguilera-Simón Ana , Benitez-Amaro Aleyda , Solé Arnau , Vilades David , Sanchez-Quesada José Luis , Martí-Fàbregas Joan , Jiménez-Xarrié Elena , Benitez Sonia , Llorente-Cortés Vicenta
Published: February 2023

Background

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) identifies carotid plaque inflammation and predicts stroke recurrence.

Aim

Our aim was to evaluate the performance of soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (sLRP1) as an indicator of carotid plaque inflammation.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted among adult patients with recent (< 7 days) anterior circulation ischemic stroke and at least one atherosclerotic plaque in the ipsilateral internal carotid artery. Patients underwent an early (< 15 days from inclusion) 18F-FDG PET, and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) within the plaque was measured. sLRP1 levels were measured in plasma samples by ELISA. The association of sLRP1 with SUVmax was assessed using bivariate and multivariable linear regression analyses. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated with Cox regression to evaluate the association between circulating sLRP1 and stroke recurrence.

Results

The study was conducted with 64 participants, of which 57.8% had ≥ 50% carotid stenosis. The multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses showed that sLRP1 was independently associated with (i) SUVmax within the plaque (β = 0.159, 95% CI 0.062–0.257, p = 0.002) and (ii) a probability of presenting SUVmax ≥ 2.85 g/mL (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.00–1.01, p = 0.046), respectively. Participants with stroke recurrence showed higher sLRP1 levels at baseline [6447 ng/mL (4897–11163) vs. 3713 ng/mL (2793–4730); p = 0.018].

Conclusions

sLRP1 was independently associated with carotid plaque inflammation as measured by 18F-FDG PET in patients with recent ischemic stroke and carotid atherosclerosis.
The effectiveness of virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality training in total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Su Shilong , Wang Ruideng , Zhou Rubing , Chen Zhengyang , Zhou Fang
Published: February 2023

Background

Extended reality (XR), including virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR), has been used in the training of total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study aims to examine the effectiveness of XR training in THA.

Methods

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE (OVID), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and clinicaltrials.gov from inception to September 2022 for eligible studies. The Review Manager 5.4 software was applied to compare accuracy of inclination and anteversion, and surgical duration between XR training and conventional methods.

Results

We identified 213 articles, of which 4 randomized clinical trials and 1 prospective controlled study including 106 participants met inclusion criteria. The pooled data indicated the XR training had better accuracy of inclination and shorter surgical duration than conventional methods (MD = −2.07, 95% CI [− 4.02 to −0.11], P = 0.04; SMD = −1.30, 95% CI [− 2.01 to −0.60], P = 0.0003), but the accuracy of anteversion was similar in the two groups.

Conclusions

This systematic review and meta-analysis found XR training had better accuracy of inclination and shorter surgical duration than conventional methods in THA, but the accuracy of anteversion was similar. Based on the pooled results, we suggested that XR training can better improve trainees’ surgical skills than conventional methods in THA.
Assessing Epstein–Barr virus in gastric cancer: clinicopathological features and prognostic implications
Authors: Li Guanghua , Zhou Zhihao , Wang Zhixiong , Wang Zhao
Published: February 2023

Background

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) was a unique molecular subtype of gastric cancer (GC). However, the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic role of EBV infection remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological features of EBVaGC and its role on prognosis.

Methods

EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization method was used to evaluate the EBV status in GC. The serum tumor markers AFP, CEA, CA19-9 and CA125 of patients were detected before treatment. HER2 expression and microsatellite instability (MSI) status was evaluated according to established criteria. The relationship between EBV infection and clinicopathological factors as well as its role on prognosis were investigated.

Results

420 patients were enrolled in the study and of 53 patients (12.62%) were identified as EBVaGC. EBVaGC was more common in males (p = 0.001) and related to early T stage (p = 0.045), early TNM stage (p = 0.001) and lower level of serum CEA (p = 0.039). No association could be found between EBV infection and HER2 expression, MSI status and other factors (pall > 0.05). Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that both the overall survival and disease-free survival of EBVaGC patients were similar to that of EBV-negative GC (EBVnGC) patients (p = 0.309 andp = 0.264, respectively).

Conclusion

EBVaGC was more common in males and in patients with the early T stage and TNM stage as well as patients with lower serum CEA level. Difference in overall survival and disease-free survival between EBVaGC and EBVnGC patients cannot be detected.
The trend of schistosomiasis related bladder cancer in the lake zone, Tanzania: a retrospective review over 10 years period
Authors: Yohana Coletha , Bakuza Jared S. , Kinung’hi Safari M. , Nyundo Bruno A. , Rambau Peter F.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Bladder cancer is a possible outcome of chronic urinary schistosomiasis in many endemic countries. In Tanzania, the Lake Victoria area is one of the areas with the highest prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis and higher incidences of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the urinary bladder. A previous study in the area over one decade (2001–2010) showed SCC to be common in patients aged below 50 years. With various prevention and intervention programs there are likely to be notable changes in schistosomiasis-related urinary bladder cancer, which is currently unknown. Updated information on the status of SCC in this area will be useful for giving an insights into efficacy of control interventions implemented and help guide the initiation of new ones. Therefore, this study was done to determine the current trend of schistosomiasis-related bladder cancer in lake zone, Tanzania.

Methods

This was a descriptive retrospective study of histologically confirmed urinary bladder cancer cases diagnosed at the Pathology Department of Bugando Medical Centre over 10 years period. The patient files and histopathology reports were retrieved and information was extracted. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and student t-test.

Results

A total of 481 patients were diagnosed with urinary bladder cancer during the study period whereby, 52.6% were males and 47.4% were females. The mean age regardless of histological type of cancer was 55 ± 14.2 years. The SCC was the commonest histological type accounting for 57.0%, followed by transitional cell carcinoma 37.6%, and 5.4% were adenocarcinomas. The Schistosoma haematobium eggs were observed in 25.2% and were commonly associated with SCC (p = 0.001). Poorly differentiated cancers were observed mostly in females (58.6%) compared to males (41.4%) (p = 0.003). Muscular invasion of the urinary bladder by cancer was observed in 11.4% of the patients, and this was significantly higher in non-squamous than in squamous cancers (p = 0.034).

Conclusion

Schistosomiasis-related cancers of the urinary bladder in the Lake zone of Tanzania is still a problem. Schistosoma haematobium eggs were associated with SCC type indicating the persistence of infection in the area. This calls for more efforts on preventive and intervention programs to reduce the burden of urinary bladder cancer in the lake zone.
Ensuring equity in mental health and psychosocial support during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond
Authors: Armijos Andrea , Bonz Annie G. , Brown Felicity L. , Charlet Danielle , Cohen Flora , Greene M. Claire , Hermosilla Sabrina , James Leah E. , Le Roch Karine ,   MHPSS Implementation Science Learning Collaborative
Published: February 2023

Populations affected by armed conflict and other humanitarian crises are at elevated risk for mental health problems. While the COVID-19 pandemic has had broadly deleterious effects on livelihoods, economic well-being, and population health worldwide, vulnerable groups have been disproportionately impacted by the pandemic. Providing mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) services during these times to vulnerable groups, especially in low- and middle-income countries and humanitarian settings, is essential. In an effort to comply with the public health response to the pandemic and mitigate COVID-19 transmission, significant implementation adaptations were made to service delivery during the pandemic. This short report describes several strategies to ensure that equity was central to these adaptations and public health responses, and provides recommendations for ensuring continuity of this progress post-pandemic. Examples and key lessons learned are given related to strategies to increase access to MHPSS services, improve meaningful stakeholder engagement, develop and support community networks, and implement community-based psychosocial support groups. They come from diverse settings of Bangladesh, Colombia, Ecuador, and Lebanon. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of preventing and treating MHPSS issues. It also has created opportunities for innovative programming to address overlooked problems, improve the quality of services provided, and increase focus on equity. It is vital that we use the momentum and attention generated around MHPSS services during the COVID-19 pandemic to continue to build and improve existing MHPSS services in more equitable ways for vulnerable populations.
Biotechnological response curve of the cyanobacterium Spirulina subsalsa to light energy gradient
Authors: Pistelli Luigi , Del Mondo Angelo , Smerilli Arianna , Corato Federico , Sansone Clementina , Brunet Christophe
Published: February 2023

Background

Microalgae represent a suitable and eco-sustainable resource for human needs thanks to their fast growth ability, together with the great diversity in species and intracellular secondary bioactive metabolites. These high-added-value compounds are of great interest for human health or animal feed. The intracellular content of these valuable compound families is tightly associated with the microalgal biological state and responds to environmental cues, e.g., light. Our study develops aBiotechnological response curvestrategy exploring the bioactive metabolites synthesis in the marine cyanobacteriumSpirulina subsalsaover a light energy gradient. The Relative Light energy index generated in our study integrates the red, green and blue photon flux density with their relative photon energy. TheBiotechnological response curvecombined biochemical analysis of the macromolecular composition (total protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content), total sterols, polyphenols and flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, vitamins (A, B1, B2, B6, B9, B12, C, D2, D3, E, H, and K1), phycobiliproteins, together with the antioxidant activity of the biomass as well as the growth ability and photosynthesis.

Results

Results demonstrated that light energy significantly modulate the biochemical status of the microalgaSpirulina subsalsarevealing the relevance of the light energy index to explain the light-induced biological variability. The sharp decrease of the photosynthetic rate at high light energy was accompanied with an increase of the antioxidant network response, such as carotenoids, total polyphenols, and the antioxidant capacity. Conversely, low light energy favorized the intracellular content of lipids and vitamins (B2, B6, B9, D3, K1, A, C, H, and B12) compared to high light energy.

Conclusions

Results of theBiotechnological response curveswere discussed in their functional and physiological relevance as well as for the essence of their potential biotechnological applications. This study emphasized the light energy as a relevant tool to explain the biological responses of microalgae towards light climate variability, and, therefore, to design metabolic manipulation of microalgae.
SGLT2 inhibitor versus carbohydrate-restricted isocaloric diet: reprogramming substrate oxidation in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Igarashi Hiroyuki , Uchino Hiroshi , Kanaguchi Momoko , Hisanaga Kaori , Sato Genki , Yoshikawa Fukumi , Furuta Masashi , Washizawa Naohiro , Usui Shuki , Miyagi Masahiko , Hirose Takahisa
Published: February 2023

Objective

Based on the whole-body energy metabolism and insulin action, the difference between increased excretion of carbohydrate in urine by SGLT2i and reduced same amount of oral carbohydrate intake are scarce. This study aimed to compare the effect of carbohydrate availability with reduced oral intake (carbohydrate-restricted isocaloric diet: CRIC diet) or lost in urine, as urinary glucosuria on sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) treatment, focus on the insulin requirement and the macronutrient oxidation within insulin treated type 2 diabetes.

Methods

This is randomized 3-arm open-label prospective study. Subjects treated with titrated basal-bolus insulin regimen subsequent to three diet regimens, control diet (CON), administration of canagliflozin 100 mg/day to CON (SGLT2i), or CRIC diet, with a week admission to the endocrinology ward followed by 12 weeks outpatients’ management. The main outcome measures including the total insulin dose (TID) required to achieve euglycemia, fasting and postprandial energy expenditure (EE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) at 1-week and 12-week.

Results

We enrolled 23 patients with type 2 diabetes (male/female: 14/9, age: 53.6 ± 14.2 years, body mass index: 26.9 ± 4.8 kg/m2, HbA1c: 12.5 ± 1.6%). The TID was similar with CON and SGLT2i at both 1 and 12-weeks. Although comparable net carbohydrate availability in SGLT2i and CRIC groups, the TID was significantly higher in the CRIC (p = 0.02) compare to the SGLT2i at both 1 and 12-weeks. Fasting EE was similar in all groups, postprandial EE was significantly elevated in the SGLT2i and CRIC groups compared to the CON group (p = 0.03 and 0.04). Compare to the CON, lower basal fasting RQ (p = 0.049) and decreased delta-RQ (postprandial RQ/fasting RQ) indicated continuous lipid substrate utilization in the SGLT2i (p = 0.04) and CRIC (p = 0.03) groups.

Conclusion

The CRIC diet resulted in a similar fasting and postprandial EE and substrate oxidation compared to the SGLT2i. The increased insulin requirement in the CRIC diet indicates that a relatively highly lipid and protein consumption, compared to the SGLT2i and CON, may influence insulin requirement.
Effect of disturbance stimulation using a split-belt treadmill on a patient with cerebellar ataxia: a case report
Authors: Myojin Saho , Yasumura Hiroyuki , Takashiba Jun , Morioka Shu
Published: February 2023

Purpose

We present the case of a patient with cerebellar ataxia who was treated with walking practice using a split-belt treadmill with disturbance stimulation. The treatment effects were evaluated for improvements in standing postural balance and walking ability.

Case presentation

The patient was a 60-year-old Japanese male who developed ataxia after cerebellar hemorrhage. Assessment was performed using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia, Berg Balance Scale, and Timed Up-and-Go tests. A 10 m walking speed and walking rate were also assessed longitudinally. The obtained values were fit into a linear equation (y = ax + b), and the slope was calculated. This slope was then used as the predicted value for each period relative to the pre-intervention value. After removing the trend of the value for each period relative to the pre-intervention value, the amount of pre- to post-intervention change for each period was calculated to verify the intervention effect. Furthermore, to verify the changes in gait over time, a three-dimensional motion analyzer was used to analyze the pre- and post-intervention gait five times, and the results were kinematically compared.

Results

No significant pre- to post-intervention changes were observed in the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia scores. Conversely, the Berg Balance Scale score, walking rate, and 10 m walking speed increased, and the Timed Up-and-Go score decreased in the B1 period, indicating a marked improvement from the predicted results based on the linear equation. For changes in gait determined using three-dimensional motion analysis, an increase in stride length was observed in each period.

Conclusion

The present case findings suggest that walking practice with disturbance stimulation using a split-belt treadmill does not improve inter-limb coordination, but contributes to improving standing posture balance, 10 m walking speed, and walking rate.
Dose-specific efficacy of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in septic mice
Authors: Li Kui , Wang Tao , Li Rui , Xue Fulai , Zeng Guodan , Zhang Jingyao , Ma Yuan , Feng Li , Kang Y. James
Published: February 2023

Background

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy for sepsis has been extensively studied in the past decade; however, the treatment regimen and mechanism of action of MSCs remain elusive. Here, we attempted to understand the efficacy and mechanism of action of MSCs on rescuing mice with sepsis.

Methods

A mouse model of sepsis was produced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Allogeneic adipose-derived MSCs (ADSCs) were administered by intravenous infusion at 6 h after CLP, and dose-related effects of ADSCs on these mice were determined by survival rate, histopathological changes, biochemical and coagulation parameters, bacterial load, and plasma levels of endotoxin and inflammatory cytokines. The tissue distribution of intravenously infused ADSCs in septic mice was investigated by pre-labeling ADSCs with the lipophilic membrane dye PKH26. RNA sequencing analysis was performed to assess the transcriptional changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the liver.

Results

A significant therapeutic effect of ADSCs at a dose of 2 × 107 cells/kg in septic mice was evidenced by a remarkable reduction in mortality (35.89% vs. 8.89% survival rate), blood bacterial burden, systemic inflammation, and multiple organ damage. In contrast, ADSCs at a lower dose (1 × 107 cells/kg) failed to achieve any beneficial outcomes, while ADSCs at a higher dose (4 × 107 cells/kg) caused more early death within 24 h after CLP, retaining a steady survival rate of 21.42% thereafter. PKH26-labeled ADSCs were predominantly localized in the lungs of septic mice after intravenous infusion, with only a smaller proportion of PKH26-positive signals appearing in the liver and spleen. RNA sequencing analysis identified that insufficient phagocytic activity of PBMCs in addition to a hyperactivation of the hepatic immune response was responsible for the ineffectiveness of low-dose ADSCs therapy, and acute death caused by high-dose ADSCs infusion was associated with impaired coagulation signaling in PBMCs and exacerbated hepatic hypoxic injury.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate a dose-specific effect of ADSCs on the treatment of sepsis due to dose-related interactions between exogenous stem cells and the host’s microenvironment. Therefore, a precise dosing regimen is a prerequisite for ADSCs therapy for sepsis.
Notes on molecular fragmentation and parameter settings for a dissipative particle dynamics study of a C10E4/water mixture with lamellar bilayer formation
Authors: Bänsch Felix , Steinbeck Christoph , Zielesny Achim
Published: February 2023

The influence of molecular fragmentation and parameter settings on a mesoscopic dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation of lamellar bilayer formation for a C10E4/water mixture is studied. A “bottom-up” decomposition of C10E4 into the smallest fragment molecules (particles) that satisfy chemical intuition leads to convincing simulation results which agree with experimental findings for bilayer formation and thickness. For integration of the equations of motion Shardlow’s S1 scheme proves to be a favorable choice with best overall performance. Increasing the integration time steps above the common setting of 0.04 DPD units leads to increasingly unphysical temperature drifts, but also to increasingly rapid formation of bilayer superstructures without significantly distorted particle distributions up to an integration time step of 0.12. A scaling of the mutual particle–particle repulsions that guide the dynamics has negligible influence within a considerable range of values but exhibits apparent lower thresholds beyond which a simulation fails. Repulsion parameter scaling and molecular particle decomposition show a mutual dependence. For mapping of concentrations to molecule numbers in the simulation box particle volume scaling should be taken into account. A repulsion parameter morphing investigation suggests to not overstretch repulsion parameter accuracy considerations.
Big five model personality traits and job burnout: a systematic literature review
Authors: Angelini Giacomo
Published: February 2023

Background

Job burnout negatively contributes to individual well-being, enhancing public health costs due to turnover, absenteeism, and reduced job performance. Personality traits mainly explain why workers differ in experiencing burnout under the same stressful work conditions. The current systematic review was conducted with the PRISMA method and focused on the five-factor model to explain workers' burnout risk.

Methods

The databases used were Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and PsycINFO. Keywords used were: “Burnout,” “Job burnout,” “Work burnout,” “Personality,” and “Personality traits”.

Results

The initial search identified 3320 papers, from which double and non-focused studies were excluded. From the 207 full texts reviewed, the studies included in this review were 83 papers. The findings show that higher levels of neuroticism (r from 0.10** to 0.642***; β from 0.16** to 0.587***) and lower agreeableness (r from − 0.12* to − 0.353***; β from − 0.08*** to − 0.523*), conscientiousness (r from -0.12* to -0.355***; β from − 0.09*** to − 0.300*), extraversion (r from − 0.034** to − 0.33***; β from − 0.06*** to − 0.31***), and openness (r from − 0.18*** to − 0.237**; β from − 0.092* to − 0.45*) are associated with higher levels of burnout.

Conclusions

The present review highlighted the relationship between personality traits and job burnout. Results showed that personality traits were closely related to workers’ burnout risk. There is still much to explore and how future research on job burnout should account for the personality factors.
An empirical comparison of the performances of single structure columnar in-memory and disk-resident data storage techniques using healthcare big data
Authors: Famutimi R. F. , Oyelami M. O. , Ibitoye A. O. , Awoniran O. M.
Published: February 2023

Healthcare data in images, texts and other unstructured formats have continued to grow exponentially while generating storage concerns. Even though there are other complexities, volume complexity is a major challenge for Disk-Resident technique in storage optimization. Hence, this research aimed to empirically compare the efficiency of Disk-Resident and In-Memory single structure database technique (as opposed to multiple structure In-Memory database), using descriptive and inferential big data analytical approaches. The essence was to discover a more cost-effective storage option for healthcare big data. Data from Nigerian Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) alongside sample patients’ history from Made-in-Nigeria Primary Healthcare Information System (MINPHIS) which included patients’ investigation, patients’ bio-data and patients’ diagnoses were the primary data for this research. An implementation of both Disk-Resident and single structure In-Memory resident data storage was carried out on these big data sources. After storage, each quantity of data items stored for different data items in Disk-Resident was then compared with that of single structure In-Memory resident system using size of items as comparison criteria and different analyses made.

The results obtained showed that single structure In-Memory technique conserved up to 90.57% of memory spaces with respect to the traditional (common) Disk-Resident technique for text data items. This shows that with this In-Memory technique, an improved performance in terms of storage was obtained.
Is one-stage lateral sinus lift and implantation safe in severely atrophic maxillae? Results of a comparative pilot study
Authors: Virnik Sascha , Cueni Laura , Kloss-Brandstätter Anita
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The aim of this retrospective comparative study was to evaluate the survival of dental implants placed in the posterior maxilla with a residual bone height less than 3 mm using a one-stage lateral sinus lifting approach. The research question was whether in very severely atrophied maxillary bones (residual height < 3 mm), a sinus lift with simultaneous implant placement would be associated with a higher complication rate compared to single-stage sinus lifts at average residual alveolar process heights.

Methods

Complications of 63 implants, where the residual bone height was below 3 mm, were compared to a reference group of 40 implants, which were inserted using a one-stage lateral sinus lift in maxillae with at least 3 mm residual bone height. Implant survival, bleeding-on-probing, the presence of peri-implant mucositis and the occurrence of peri-implantitis were documented.

Results

The mean follow-up time for implant survival was 80.3 ± 25.9 months. One implant out of 63 was lost in the severely atrophic maxilla group and two implants out of 40 were lost in the reference group. There were no differences in the occurrence of implant loss (p = 0.558), bleeding-on-probing (p = 0.087), peri-implantitis (p = 0.999) and peri-implant mucositis (p = 0.797) between the severely atrophic alveolar ridge group and the reference group.

Conclusions

Even in severely atrophic maxillae with < 3 mm residual bone height, a one-stage maxillary sinus lift and immediate implant placement can be carried out safely.

Graphical Abstract
Microbiome response in an urban river system is dominated by seasonality over wastewater treatment upgrades
Authors: Kodera Sho M. , Sharma Anukriti , Martino Cameron , Dsouza Melissa , Grippo Mark , Lutz Holly L. , Knight Rob , Gilbert Jack A. , Negri Cristina , Allard Sarah M.
Published: February 2023

Background

Microorganisms such as coliform-forming bacteria are commonly used to assess freshwater quality for drinking and recreational use. However, such organisms do not exist in isolation; they exist within the context of dynamic, interactive microbial communities which vary through space and time. Elucidating spatiotemporal microbial dynamics is imperative for discriminating robust community changes from ephemeral ecological trends, and for improving our overall understanding of the relationship between microbial communities and ecosystem health. We conducted a seven-year (2013–2019) microbial time-series investigation in the Chicago Area Waterways (CAWS): an urban river system which, in 2016, experienced substantial upgrades to disinfection processes at two wastewater reclamation plants (WRPs) that discharge into the CAWS and improved stormwater capture, to improve river water quality and reduce flooding. Using culture-independent and culture-dependent approaches, we compared CAWS microbial ecology before and after the intervention.

Results

Examinations of time-resolved beta distances between WRP-adjacent sites showed that community similarity measures were often consistent with the spatial orientation of site locations to one another and to the WRP outfalls. Fecal coliform results suggested that upgrades reduced coliform-associated bacteria in the effluent and the downstream river community. However, examinations of whole community changes through time suggest that the upgrades did little to affect overall riverine community dynamics, which instead were overwhelmingly driven by yearly patterns consistent with seasonality.

Conclusions

This study presents a systematic effort to combine 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing with traditional culture-based methods to evaluate the influence of treatment innovations and systems upgrades on the microbiome of the Chicago Area Waterway System, representing the longest and most comprehensive characterization of the microbiome of an urban waterway yet attempted. We found that the systems upgrades were successful in improving specific water quality measures immediately downstream of wastewater outflows. Additionally, we found that the implementation of the water quality improvement measures to the river system did not disrupt the overall dynamics of the downstream microbial community, which remained heavily influenced by seasonal trends. Such results emphasize the dynamic nature of microbiomes in open environmental systems such as the CAWS, but also suggest that the seasonal oscillations remain consistent even when perturbed.
Development of antagonistic yeasts for controlling black mold disease of onion
Authors: Bagy Hadeel M. M. Kalil , Abo-Elyousr Kamal A. M. , Hesham Abd El-Latif , Sallam Nashwa M. A.
Published: February 2023

Background

The present study aimed to examine the biocontrol efficacy of 28 yeast isolates against Aspergillus niger, the common pathogen of onion black mold disease. The antagonistic potential of yeast isolates against A. niger growth was investigated using a dual culture technique.

Results

Five yeast isolates, including 8 and 11, showed the highest inhibition effect on the mycelial growth of A. niger. Molecular analysis using 16S RNA identified strains 8 (AUN-AH14) and 11 (AUN-AH23) as Galactomyces geotrichum (JQ713185.1) and G. geotrichum (DQ849321.1), respectively. The culture filtrates of AUN-AH14 and AUN-AH23 at percentage concentrations of 20, 40, 60, and 80 were tested against the growth of A. niger. As a result, the lowest dry weight of the pathogen was obtained with culture filtrates of the two strains at concentrations of 60 and 80%.. Treatment of onion bulbs with formulation of antagonistic yeast isolates AUN-AH14 and AUN-AH23 and their corresponding cultural filtrates at 80% concentration significantly reduced the severity of black mold disease relative to the controls.

Conclusions

The most significant reduction in black mold severity was proved in yeast formulations of AUN-AH14 and AUN-AH23, followed by their cultural filtrates (CF-AUN-AH14 and CF-AUN-AH23). The shelf life of formulated yeast isolates began to gradually deteriorate after 5 months of storage at 4 °C.
Effects of feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation postbiotic on the fecal microbial community of Holstein dairy calves
Authors: Centeno-Martinez Ruth Eunice , Dong Wenxuan , Klopp Rebecca N. , Yoon Ilkyu , Boerman Jacquelyn P. , Johnson Timothy A.
Published: February 2023

Background

The livestock industry is striving to identify antibiotic alternatives to reduce the need to use antibiotics. Postbiotics, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP), have been studied and proposed as potential non-antibiotic growth promoters due to their effects on animal growth and the rumen microbiome; however, little is known of their effects on the hind-gut microbiome during the early life of calves. The objective of this study was to measure the effect of in-feed SCFP on the fecal microbiome of Holstein bull calves through 4 months of age. Calves (n = 60) were separated into two treatments: CON (no SCFP added) or SCFP (SmartCare®, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA, in milk replacer and NutriTek®, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA, incorporated into feed), and were blocked by body weight and serum total protein. Fecal samples were collected on d 0, 28, 56, 84, and 112 of the study to characterize the fecal microbiome community. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized block design with repeated measures when applicable. A random-forest regression method was implemented to more fully understand community succession in the calf fecal microbiome of the two treatment groups.

Results

Richness and evenness of the fecal microbiota increased over time (P < 0.001), and SCFP calves tended to increase the evenness of the community (P = 0.06). Based on random-forest regression, calf age as predicted by microbiome composition was significantly correlated with the calf physiological age (R2 = 0.927, P < 1 × 10−15). Twenty-two “age-discriminatory” ASVs (amplicon sequence variants) were identified in the fecal microbiome that were shared between the two treatment groups. Of these, 6 ASVs (Dorea-ASV308, Lachnospiraceae-ASV288, Oscillospira-ASV311, Roseburia-ASV228, Ruminococcaceae-ASV89 and Ruminoccocaceae-ASV13) in the SCFP group reached their highest abundance in the third month, but they reached their highest abundance in the fourth month in the CON group. All other shared ASVs reached their highest abundance at the same timepoint in both treatment groups.

Conclusions

Supplementation of SCFP altered the abundance dynamics of age discriminatory ASVs, suggesting a faster maturation of some members of the fecal microbiota in SCFP calves compared to CON calves. These results demonstrate the value of analyzing microbial community succession as a continuous variable to identify the effects of a dietary treatment.
Isolation and phenotypic characterization of bacteriophage SA14 with lytic- and anti-biofilm activity against multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Ali Zienab , Dishisha Tarek , El-Gendy Ahmed O. , Azmy Ahmed F.
Published: February 2023

Background

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global health concern demanding more attention and action at the international-, national- and regional levels. In the present study, bacteriophage was sought as a potential alternative to traditional antibiotics.

Results

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis was isolated from a urine sample. Partial 16S rRNA-gene sequencing and VITEK®2 system were employed for its identification, biochemical characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. The isolate was resistant to eight antibiotics (out of 11): vancomycin, gentamicin (high-level synergy), streptomycin (high-level synergy), ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, erythromycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and tetracycline. Bacteriophage SA14 was isolated from sewage water using the multidrug-resistant isolate as a host. Transmission electron micrographs revealed that phage SA14 is a member of the Siphoviridae family displaying the typical circular head and long non-contractile tail. The phage showed characteristic stability to a wide range of solution pH and temperatures, with optimal stability at pH 7.4 and 4 °C, while showing high specificity toward their host. Based on the one-step growth curve, the phage's latent period was 25 min, and the burst size was 20 PFU/ml. The lytic activity of phage SA14 was evaluated at various multiplicities of infection (MOI), all considerably suppressed the growth of the host organism. Moreover, phage SA14 displayed a characteristic anti-biofilm activity as observed by the reduction in adhered biomass and -viable cells in the pre-formed biofilm by 19.1-fold and 2.5-fold, respectively.

Conclusion

Phage therapy can be a valuable alternative to antibiotics against multi-drug resistant microorganisms.
The use of deformation imaging in the assessment of patients pre and post transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Coyle Mark , King Gerard , Bennett Kathleen , Maree Andrew , Hensey Mark , O’Connor Stephen , Daly Caroline , Murphy Gregory , Murphy Ross T.
Published: February 2023

Background

Deformation imaging represents a method of measuring myocardial function, including global longitudinal strain (GLS), peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) and radial strain. This study aimed to assess subclinical improvements in left ventricular function in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) by comparing GLS, PALS and radial strain pre and post procedure.

Methods

We conducted a single site prospective observational study of 25 patients undergoing TAVI, comparing baseline and post-TAVI echocardiograms. Individual participants were assessed for differences in GLS, PALS and radial strain in addition to changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (%).

Results

Our results revealed a significant improvement in GLS (mean change pre-post of 2.14% [95% CI 1.08, 3.20] p = 0.0003) with no significant change in LVEF (0.96% [95% CI − 2.30, 4.22], p = 0.55). There was a statistically significant improvement in radial strain pre and post TAVI (mean 9.68% [95% CI 3.10, 16.25] p = 0.0058). There was positive trend towards improvements in PALS pre and post TAVI (mean change of 2.30% [95% CI − 0.19, 4.80] p = 0.068).

Conclusion

In patients undergoing TAVI, measuring GLS and radial strain provided statistically significant information regarding subclinical improvements in LV function, which may have prognostic implications. The incorporation of deformation imaging in addition to standard echocardiographic measurements may have an important role in guiding future management in patients undergoing TAVI and assessing response.
Interim analysis of the prospective COTRIMS (Cologne Trial of Retroperitoneal Lymphadectomy in Metastatic Seminoma) trial.
Authors: Heidenreich Axel , Seelemeyer Felix , Paffenholz Pia , Pfister David A.
Published: February 2023

409

Background: Radiation therapy or systemic chemotherapy with 3 cycles PEB represent the guideline recommended treatment options in marker negative clinical stage IIA/B seminoma. Despite a high cure rate of 90% to 94% and 82% to 90% in CS IIA and IIB, respectively, both therapeutic options are associated with significant long-term toxicities. It was the aim of our trial to evaluate the feasibility, oncological efficacy and treatment associated morbidity of primary nsRPLND in stage IIA/B seminoma. Methods: 30 patients with marker negative clinical stage IIA and IIB classical seminoma of the testis were recruited in the prospective trial. Primary goal was a relapse rate <20% within 2 years follow-up. Exclusion criteria were adjuvant carboplatin therapy for clinical stage I disease, extensive clinical stage IIb or clinical stage IIC disease, previous retroperitoneal surgery or radiation therapy, and positive tumor markers. All patients underwent nerve sparing RPLND with a modified template resection. None of the patients received adjuvant chemotherapy in the presence of positive lymph nodes. All patients underwent close follow-up with imaging studies and tumor markers at 3-month intervals during the first 2 years, at 6-month intervals in year 3 and annually thereafter. 10 pts had preoperative serum analysis of miR371. Results: Mean age was 34.2 (21-54) years. Mean follow-up is 29.4 (1-60) months and 32.5 (3-60) for those with a minimum follow-up of 3 months. All patients were treatment-naïve; 19 and 11 patients were diagnosed with stage IIA and IIB disease, respectively, at time of RPLND. 28 and 2 patients underwent open and robot assisted ns RPLND, respectively. Mean OR time was 131 (105-195) min, mean blood loss was < 150ml and the mean hospitalization time was 4.5 (3-9) days. We did not observe surgery associated complications > Clavien Dindo grade 3a. Mean number of dissected lymph nodes was 18 (7-57), the mean number of positive lymph nodes was 1.3 (1-2) and the mean diameter of positive nodes was 2.3 (0.8-4.1) cm. Histology of the resected lymph nodes revealed metastatic seminoma in 25 (80%) patients; 2 and 3 patients demonstrated embryonal carcinoma and benign disease, resp. 10 pts underwent serum analysis of miR371 preoperatively which predicted metastatic disease in 9/10 and benign histology in 1/1. 2/30 (6.7%) patients developed an outfield relapse 4 and 6 months postoperatively. Both patients were salvaged by systemic chemotherapy with 4 cycles PEB. Conclusions: NsRPLND results in a high cure rate at midterm follow-up and it is associated with a low frequency of treatment associated morbidities making this approach a feasible alternative to standard radiation therapy or systemic chemotherapy. MiR371p might be a useful marker to predict presence/absence of metastases in equivocal findings. Clinical trial information: DRKS00025384 .
A review of selected psychotherapies for PTSD, their efficacy and treatment guidelines in adults
Authors: Kowalski Joachim , Elżanowski Adam , Śliwerski Andrzej
Published: February 2023

Cel

Około 2.5% mieszkańców Polski będzie miało w ciągu życia pourazowe zaburzenia stresowe (PTSD). Ostatnie wydarzenia na świecie, pandemia i wojna w Ukrainie, stanowią czynniki, które zwiększą liczbę osób zmagających się z tym zaburzeniem. Dlatego celem niniejszej pracy jest podsumowanie i przybliżenie dostępnych dowodów naukowych dotyczących skuteczności stosowanych w Polsce psychoterapii PTSD.

Materiał i metody

Przegląd metaanaliz randomizowanych badań z grupą kontrolną oraz przegląd najaktualniejszych zaleceń terapeutycznych (treatment guidelines) dotyczących terapii PTSD.

Wyniki

Najlepsze dostępne dowody wskazują na wysoką skuteczność terapii poznawczo-behawioralnej (CBT) opartej na ekspozycji przedłużonej i terapii Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Pewną skuteczność w zakresie PTSD ma również terapia humanistyczna, ale mniejszą od terapii opartych o ekspozycję na bodźce i wspomnienia związane z traumą. Brakuje dowodów potwierdzających skuteczność terapii psychodynamicznej i terapii opartych o teorię poliwagalną. Organizacje przygotowujące zalecenie terapeutyczne rekomendują przede wszystkim stosowanie CBT i EMDR.

Wnioski

Skuteczna psychoterapia PTSD powinna obejmować protokół postępowania zawierający komponentę ekspozycji na traumatyczne bodźce i wspomnienia. Zaleca się stosowanie tego rodzaju metod w psychoterapii PTSD.
Extended depth of field of an imaging system with an annular aperture
Authors: Hildén Panu , Shevchenko Andriy
Published: February 2023

A common drawback of high-resolution optical imaging systems is a short depth of field. In this work, we address this problem by considering a 4f-type imaging system with a ring-shaped aperture in the front focal plane of the second lens. The aperture makes the image consist of nearly non-diverging Bessel-like beams and considerably extends the depth of field. We consider both spatially coherent and incoherent systems and show that only incoherent light is able to form sharp and non-distorted images with extraordinarily long depth of field.
Theoretical analysis of combining efficiency and beam quality degradation in a misaligned diffractive coherent combining system
Authors: Xian Yuqiao , Liu Meizhong , Li Binglin , Yang Yifeng , He Bing , Zhou Jun
Published: February 2023

We theoretically investigate the combining efficiency and combined beam quality degradation induced by beam array misalignment in a coherent combining system based on diffractive optical elements. Theoretical model is established based on the Fresnel diffraction. We consider pointing aberration, positioning error and beam size deviation in array emitters as typical misalignments, and discuss their influences on beam combining by this model. The statistical analysis results and the accurate fitting curves of the degradation have been given based on the repetitive simulations with normal distributed random misalignments. According to the results, the combining efficiency is affected greatly by the pointing aberration and position error of the laser array, while the combined beam quality is just affected by the pointing aberration generally. Based on calculation with a series of typical parameters, the standard deviations of the laser array’s pointing aberration and position error are required to less than 15μrad and 1μm respectively to maintain an excellent combining efficiency. If we only concentrate on the beam quality, the pointing aberration need to be less than 70μrad.
Effects of Polishing Parameters on the Optical Properties of Ion Beam Milled Fused Silica
Authors: Wilson S. R. , Reicher D. W. , Kranenberg C. F. , McNeil J. R. , White P. L.
Published: February 2023

Results of a diagnostic matrix designed to characterize ion beam milled optical surfaces prepared using a selected set of polishing parameters are presented and discussed.
CAVE: The Design of a Precision Metrology Instrument for Studying Performance of KDP Crystals
Authors: Summers Matthew D. , Hibbard Robin L. , Liou Lisa W. , Mayor William F. , Michie Robert B.
Published: February 2023

A device has been developed to measure the frequency conversion performance of large aperture potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals. Third harmonic generation using KDP is critical to the function of the National Ignition Facility (NIF) laser. The crystals in the converter can be angularly or thermally tuned but are subject to larger aperture inhomogeneities that are functions of growth, manufacturing and mounting. The CAVE (Crystal Alignment Verification Equipment) instrument scans the crystals in a thermally and mechanically controlled environment to determine the local peak tuning angles. The CAVE can then estimate the optimum tuning angle and conversion efficiency over the entire aperture. Coupled with other metrology techniques, the CAVE will help determine which crystal life-cycle components most affect harmonic conversion.
Networks of random lasers: current perspective and future challenges [Invited]
Authors: Consoli Antonio , Caselli Niccolò , López Cefe
Published: February 2023

Artificial neural networks are widely used in many different applications because of their ability to deal with a range of complex problems generally involving massive data sets. These networks are made up of nodes, connections, and nonlinear response connections, which are typically implemented as software code running on ordinary electronic computers. In such systems, electrons, with their advantages and drawbacks, are in charge of storing, processing, and transmitting information. Signal processing in the optical domain can provide ultrafast, parallel operation, nonlinear dynamics, and high energy efficiency, making photonics a suitable technology for the realization of neuroinspired computing platforms. This advantage stimulated the development of photonics neural networks based on single and multiple lasers with classical optical cavities. Recently, networks made of random lasers emerged as a novel concept that uses randomly placed scattering elements to create nonlinearity and complexity in photonics neural networks. In this review paper, we present the general framework for networks of coupled lasers, discuss recent advances in networks of random lasers, and outline future directions in this area. We also examine the challenges and limitations of using random lasers in photonic networks, as well as potential solutions. By harnessing the properties of random lasers, such as their unique spectral characteristics in pulsed emission mode and their robustness against noise, networks of interacting random lasers can explore new and exciting possibilities for photonics technology that could find applications in a variety of fields, including image recognition and encryption.