bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-omics-based prognostic prediction for locally advanced hypopharyngeal cancer treated with surgery and postoperative chemoradiotherapy: a dual-center study
Authors: Dong Sixue , Yao Zian , Zhang Zhiyuan , Wang Jiazhou , Ying Guo , Tao Lei , Ou Xiaomin , Hu Weigang , Hu Chaosu
Published: November 2024

Purpose
This study aimed to predict the progression-free survival (PFS) of the patients who were diagnosed with hypopharyngeal cancer and received postoperative chemoradiotherapy by using multi-omics method which integrating clinical factors, dosimetric and radiomic features.
Materials and methods
This study retrospectively collected the pretreatment T1-weighted MR imaging data of 88 hypopharyngeal cancer patients with postoperative chemoradiotherapy, including 56 cases from one center (training and testing cohorts) and 32 cases from another center (external validation cohort), and the gross tumor volumes (GTV) were countered for all cases. A Python-based library, pyradiomics was used to extract the radiomics features from each GTV. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to identify the most important features for classifier establishment. On the other hand, complete radiotherapy data are retained for 48 patients among them, and the planning tumor volumes (PTV) were countered for radiotherapy planning. The dose distribution features extracted by using pyradiomics and the dosimetric parameters were combined with the radiomics features to establish the classifiers. The probabilities of positive sample calculated from the best classifier, the radiomics and multi-omics signatures were obtained for establish the Cox proportional hazards models.
Results
The ensemble learning (EL) model was selected as the superior model with the higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values than other classifier during the radiomics-only analysis, and the EL model with stacking technique showed the best performance, yielding AUC values of 0.93, 0.79, and 0.78 for the training, testing, and external validation cohorts, respectively. Furthermore, the multi-omics analysis integrating radiomics and dosiomics improved the effectiveness of the EL model with AUC values of 0.98 and 0.88 for the training and testing cohorts, respectively. Furthermore, the C-index of the Cox proportional hazards models resulted in a 0.099 improvement in the testing cohort when employing the multi-omics signature versus the radiomics signature.
Conclusion
Regarding the patients with hypopharyngeal cancer receiving postoperative chemoradiotherapy, the multi-omics-based prognostic prediction could achieve a more robust predictive capability than the radiomics-only study. This approach warrants further validation through prospective studies.
Comparing Pixel-and Object-Based Approaches for Classifying Benthic Habitats
Authors: Simmons Henry O. J. , Dalby Oli , Ierodiaconou Daniel , Young Mary A.
Published: November 2024

Context
Benthic habitat mapping is crucial for effective marine spatial planning. Despite advancements in multibeam echosounder (MBES) technology, selecting appropriate classification methods to accurately map seafloor habitats remains a challenge.
Objectives
This study aims to provide novel comparisons of large spatial scale habitat classifications using pixel-based (PB) and object-based image analysis (OBIA) methods, applied within a hierarchical random forest framework, to classify benthic biotopes in the northern section of Apollo Marine Park and the adjacent Cape Otway coastline, Victoria, Australia.
Methods
We utilised high-resolution MBES-derived data, implementing a hierarchical random forests algorithm to classify benthic habitats. The PB method treated each pixel independently, allowing for high spatial detail, while the OBIA method grouped pixels into meaningful segments for classification. Prior to segmentation, backscatter data from two different MBES systems were harmonised using a bulk shift method (Misiuk et al., 2020) to ensure consistency across datasets. We then applied the Supercells segmentation technique (Nowosad 2022) to the harmonised backscatter data, forming the foundation for the OBIA-based classification. Both methods were evaluated using accuracy, F1 scores, and uncertainty maps were generated to assess classification reliability.
Results
Both classification methods demonstrated strong performance, with no statistically significant differences in overall accuracy. However, the complexity of the habitat maps varied: the PB approach excelled in capturing fine-scale habitat details, beneficial for management and conservation efforts requiring high detail. Conversely, the OBIA method produced more interpretable and less complex maps, suitable for general spatial analyses, though it resulted in the omission of some minority classes.
Conclusion
This study emphasises the importance of defining the desired level of complexity in habitat maps before analysis, ensuring that chosen methods yield maps suitable for specific applications—particularly in datasets with strong class imbalances. Future advancements in machine learning and emerging technologies have the potential to further refine habitat mapping techniques and enhance classification accuracy.
A National Cross-Sectional Study on the Prevalence of Burnout in Filipino Neurosurgery Residents
Authors: Mercado Charlene Mary , Torres Genevieve Mae , Sih Ibet Marie
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION: Burnout is an occupational hazard affecting service-oriented professionals, including healthcare workers. Physicians experiencing burnout are at risk of suboptimal performance which negatively impacts patient care. Neurosurgery residents are particularly vulnerable to burnout, as the work demands are high and control over working conditions are low. This study is the first in the country to determine the prevalence of burnout in this population.
METHODS: We surveyed 77 Filipino neurosurgery residents. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS) was filled out by the respondents. The questionnaire included demographic data. Bivariate analysis among the variables were done using analysis of variance.
RESULTS: Fifty-six residents (72.3%) responded to our survey. Thirty residents (53.6%) are experiencing burnout in at least one dimension. There was no significant difference in mean burnout scores across institution type, sex, year level and number of on-duty days per week. Residents younger than 30 years had lower PA scores compared to those aged 35 and above (p=0.041). Married residents had higher PA scores compared to single residents (p=0.019).
CONCLUSION: The overall prevalence of burnout in Filipino neurosurgery residents is 53.6% (95% CI 40.8 to 65.98%). Training programs should strengthen mentorship programs and conduct a regular assessment of burnout in residents to facilitate timely intervention and improve the working conditions for the next generation of Filipino neurosurgeons.
Bilateral Choroidal Folds in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy Without Compressive Optic Neuropathy: A Case Report
Authors: Lin Xintong , Shu Wenjun , Chen Haifeng , Gan Lu , Zhang Rong , Xu Binbin , Li Xiaofeng , Yue Han , Guo Jie , Qian Jiang , Xue Kang , Ma Ruiqi
Published: November 2024

Background
This case presents a rare form of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy with idiopathic choroidal folds, unlinked to optic neuropathy—an unusual finding in thyroid-related eye disease. Instead, bilateral nuclear cataracts and lens dislocation were identified as the primary causes of vision loss, emphasizing the importance of considering multiple, less common contributors in such cases. The decision to begin with cataract surgery exemplifies a tailored, effective approach to multifactorial vision loss, offering insights for cases with overlapping ocular issues. Given recent associations between COVID-19 vaccination and ocular symptoms like choroidal folds and scleritis, posterior scleritis was considered a possible explanation. This underscores the need for further investigation into atypical presentations of thyroid-associated eye disease.
Case presentation:
A 54-year-old male developed bilateral vision loss and choroidal folds one year following COVID-19 vaccination. Initially diagnosed with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, he underwent an adequate course of steroid pulse therapy with no visual improvement. Further assessment revealed bilateral cataracts and lens dislocation. Computed tomography identified mild extraocular muscle thickening but no orbital apex crowding, ruling out compressive optic neuropathy. Lens surgery subsequently restored his vision and normalized his visual fields. However, two months postoperatively, he experienced recurrent blurred vision and restricted movement in the right eye. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed extraocular muscle enlargement, leading to a diagnosis of compressive optic neuropathy, and tocilizumab therapy was initiated. Following treatment, the patient demonstrated improved vision, reduced muscle thickness, and enhanced motility.
Conclusions
This case suggests that initial choroidal folds may be due to a combination of vaccine-related side effects and elevated orbital pressure, underscoring the potential for COVID-19 vaccination to cause atypical ocular symptoms.
Clinical long-term oncologic outcomes of endoscopic noncurative resection for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A single-center retrospective study
Authors: Yu Zipu , Shao Liming , Zhu Chunpeng
Published: November 2024

Background: The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to analyze clinical long-term oncologic outcomes for patients with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) treatment for early squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE). The efficacy of adjuvant therapy including surgical resection, chemoradiotherapy (CRT), radiotherapy or chemotherapy after endoscopic noncurative resection of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC) was unknown.
Methods: Forty-three patients with SESCC who underwentendoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) were consecutively enrolled in the retrospective cohort study. There were 40 patients whose follow-up time continued until May 2023 in study. The characters of primary tumors, tumor-related mortality, 5-year survival rate, tumor recurrence or metastasis were analyzed in post-ESD SESCC patients. The median follow-up time was 48 months (range, 8 to 64 months).
Results: During the cohort, the tumor size was 33±19.8 mm. The invasion depth was as followed: epithelial (62.7%, 27/43), lamina propria mucosa (16.3%, 7/43), muscularis mucosa (6.9%, 3/43) and submucosa (13.8%, 6/43). Nine patients with muscularis mucosa and submucosa invasion received additional treatments. 2 patients experienced esophagectomy, 1 patient underwent CRT, 4 patients underwent radiotherapy, and 2 patients accepted chemotherapy. The tumor-related mortality was 0% for the 43 patients, and 5-year survival rate was 97.5%. No tumor recurrence or metastasis was observed during 48 months follow-up.
Conclusion: ESD indicates a satisfactory cure rate for SESCC patients. Additional treatments such as esophagectomy or chemotherapy, or CRT for post-ESD SESCC patients with muscularis mucosa and submucosa invasion were favorable.
The association between fetal head malrotation and labor analgesia: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Tamura Nami , Takeda Jun , Uchiyama Saki , Nojiri Shuko , Itakura Atsuo
Published: November 2024

Background
Fetal head malrotation is associated with prolonged labor, instrumental delivery, and perinatal complications. Previous studies have suggested an association between malrotation and labor analgesia, but this remains controversial. This study aimed to clarify whether malrotation increases with the use of labor analgesia.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study using propensity score matching. Medical records from January 2020 to January 2023 were reviewed. The study subjects were full-term pregnant women with singleton cephalic fetuses whose cervixes were fully dilated. The group without labor analgesia (Group C) was matched with the labor analgesia group (Group A) by propensity score matching. The primary outcome was the occurrence of malrotation. Secondary outcomes included rates of normal vaginal delivery, instrumental delivery, cesarean section, and success rate of attempted manual rotation. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to assess the association between the use of labor analgesia and outcomes.
Results
During the study period, 3868 women were included, 1164 cases were excluded due to the exclusion criteria, and 971 cases were further excluded due to missing data. Of 1735 eligible women, 88.4% received labor analgesia. After propensity score matching, 804 women were included, of whom 75% received labor analgesia (Group A) and 25% did not (Group C). The rate of malrotation was significantly higher in Group A compared to that in Group C (11.6% vs. 6.5%, p = 0.03). The rate of instrumental delivery was significantly higher in Group A (25.7% vs. 14.9%, p = 0.001). The distribution of the instrumental deliveries in Group A was as follows: Naegele forceps delivery was used in 87.1% of the cases, Kielland forceps in 5.2%, and vacuum extraction in 7.7%. There was no significant difference in the rate of vaginal delivery. Manual rotation was attempted in 84.3% of malrotation cases in Group A with a 64.4% success rate, with no significant difference of the success rate between the two groups.
Conclusions
Labor analgesia is associated with an increased rate of malrotation and instrumental delivery. However, it does not seem to decrease the rate of vaginal delivery, given the high attempt and success rates of manual rotation and the availability of Kielland forceps delivery.
LC-MS analysis of serum lipidomic and metabolomic signatures in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Yan Feiyu , Wang Shengnan , Wang Yilin , Sun Yan , Yang Jing , Sun Lirong , Zaytseva Yekaterina Y. , Deng Pan , Wang Lingzhen
Published: November 2024

Background
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a prevalent hematologic malignancy that primarily affects children. The diagnosis and treatment of pediatric ALL remain challenging. This study aimed to identify differential lipids and metabolites that may hold potential for improving ALL diagnosis.
Methods
Serum lipidome and metabolome alterations of ALL were analyzed by comparing pediatric patients with ALL with healthy controls based on liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis of serum lipidomic and metabolomic signatures.
Results
We identified 2,298 lipid features in the serum. Among them, 72 (3.13%) differed significantly in pediatric patients with ALL compared to healthy controls. Notably, sphingolipids (ceramide and sphingomyelin) and phospholipids exhibited the most pronounced changes. Targeted analysis of ceramides revealed significantly elevated levels of Cer 18:0 and Cer 20:0 in the serum of pediatric patients with ALL. Additionally, gut microbial-related lipids (such as sulfonolipids and fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids) showed significant alterations. Metabolomic analysis identified 15 differential metabolites, indicating disrupted nucleotide and amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, the dysregulated lipids and metabolites correlated with various blood indicators, with ceramide and nucleosides positively associated with white blood cell count but negatively correlated with hemoglobin and platelet.
Conclusion
These findings shed light on abnormal molecular signatures contributing to pediatric ALL and may serve as potential biomarker panel for diagnosis and therapy of ALL.
Center Volume Not Associated with Survival Benefit of Inter-hospital Transfer for Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Chauhan Dhaval , Mehaffey J. Hunter , Hayanga J. W. Awori , Verhoeven Pieter Alex , Mathewson Margaret , Godsey Veronica , Fazi Alyssa , Udassi Jai P. , Badhwar Vinay , Mascio Christopher E.
Published: November 2024

Objective
To evaluate the relationship between center volume and inpatient mortality after inter-hospital transfer among patients undergoing pediatric cardiac surgery using contemporary real-world data.
Methods
The Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID) was queried for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) cases (CPB) for years 2016 and 2019. Hospitals were divided into three groups based on terciles of volume: “low”: ≤103 cases/year, “mid”:104–194 cases/year, and “high”: >194 cases/year. Multilevel regression models were created to evaluate the association of volume and inpatient mortality for transferred patients for the entire cohort as well as high-complexity cases. (Risk Stratification for Congenital Heart Surgery (RACHS-2) categories 3,4 and 5)
Results
Of 25,749 patients undergoing cases on CPB, 3,511 (13.6%) were preoperative inpatient transfers between hospitals. Compared to direct admissions, unadjusted mortality for patients who were transferred was higher in all groups: 1.7% vs. 5.6% (low-volume), 1.1% vs. 4.6% (mid-volume) and 1.1% vs. 4.9% (high-volume). Compared to low-volume hospitals, inpatient mortality for patients admitted on transfer was not significantly different in mid-volume (OR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.54–1.34, p = 0.483) and high-volume centers (OR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.45–1.12, p = 0.127) for the entire cohort. There was no significant difference in risk-adjusted inpatient mortality for high-complexity cases performed at mid-volume (OR 1.06, p = 0.845, 95% CI (0.62–1.85)) or high-volume hospitals (OR 0.82, p = 0.482, 95% CI (0.48–1.45)).
Conclusion
Annual CPB case volume may not accurately predict risk-adjusted inpatient mortality for children transferred for heart surgery. Annual case volume alone should not dictate transfer practices in pediatric heart surgery.
The effectiveness of the family medicine curriculum in the Sudan Medical Specialization Board in the improvement of skills and knowledge of family medicine residents 2024: A quantitative and qualitative survey
Authors: Abdelgadir Hiba Salah , Ahmed Nasreldin M
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Family medicine was identified in Sudan in 2006 after the first family medicine master's degree program was established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the family medicine curriculum in the Sudan Medical Specialization Board (SMSB) and provide baseline and updated data on the strengths and weaknesses of the family medicine training program.
Methods:
A cross-sectional quantitative and qualitative descriptive survey was conducted from February to October 2024. Data was collected through a pretested, pre-coded online questionnaire. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with the family medicine specialists and trainers in the SMSB. All data were summarized numerically (mean, standard deviation, median) and graphically (frequency tables). Qualitative data was recorded, transcribed, coded, and then analyzed using a content analysis approach.
Results:
A total of 100 family medicine doctors participated in the study. Most of the participants (82%) were females. Regarding the job title (76%) of the participants were residents and the rest (24%) were specialists. More than half of the participants (66%) were from Khartoum. Most participants (87%) reported satisfaction with the family medicine training curriculum in the SMSB and its effectiveness in improving knowledge and practices. Some of the interviewed residents (30%) complained of dissatisfaction with the research methodology course, and about half of them reported that the course was ineffective and not improving their knowledge and skills in research. Furthermore, residents reported the family medicine research committee in the SMSB had unclear requirements which was reflected in a high rejection rate of the research proposals submitted by residents.
Conclusion:
The SMSB family medicine curriculum is a comprehensive training-based curriculum that increases residents’ satisfaction, knowledge, skills, and patients’ respect.
Clinical and Pathological Features of the Cured Severe COVID-19 Patient Who Received Successful Lung Transplantation
Authors: Guo Wei , Liu Yan , Ge Minghuan , Ding Xiangchao , Wang Bo , Xu Jian , Chu Xiaoying , Chen Ying , Tian Sufang , Lin Huiqing
Published: November 2024

Background: During the pandemic of COVID-19, lots of features of this disease have been discovered. However, the lung pathology and the correlated clinical features of the patients who recovered from the severe state of COVID-19 are still largely unknown. Especially for those who underwent diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), most of the morphological data were obtained from the autopsy specimens or biopsy samples.
Case presentation: In the present report, the pathologic changes in the lungs of a patient who had successfully received lung transplantation at the recovery stage of severe COVID-19 were described. Diffuse alveolar damage, hyperplasia of interstitial fibroblast and alveolar type II epithelial cells, and the filling of macrophages in alveoli were observed. Hyperemia and thickening of blood vessels and interstitial lymphocytic inflammation were also prominent. SARS-COV-2 nuclear capsid was detected spotty in the alveolar epithelial after several times’ negative nucleic acid results from his pharyngeal swab specimens. Evidence of combined virus infection, such as Cytomegalovirus,could also be found. A few eosinophils were found in the parenchymal of the lung, which combined with the elevated eosinophils in the blood, might indicate a recovery of this patient.
Discussion and Conclusions: This rare case provides a chance for us to observe the pathological changes in the diffuse fibrosis stage of severe COVID-19, which might help us to further understand how pulmonary fibrosis forms after severe pathogen infection.
Effects of Cultivation Temperature on Phenolic Compound Content and Antioxidant Capacity in the Leaves and Stems of the Vegetable Gynura bicolor (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC
Authors: Ho Chia-Hsun , Yang Man-Hsia , Lin Huey-Ling
Published: November 2024

The leafy vegetable Gynura bicolor (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC. is cultivated in Taiwan and is popular because of its abundant antioxidant components. In this study, the effects of cultivation temperature on the antioxidant levels and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract from G. bicolor leaves and stems were studied. In cultivated plants, total phenolics were the most abundant components of the methanol extract. The levels of antioxidant compounds from the aboveground portions were highest when cultivated at 25 °C, followed by those when cultivation at 20, 30, and 35 °C. The antioxidant capacity of the leaf extract was highest when G. bicolor was grown at 25 °C, scavenging 69% of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. The antioxidant capacity was lower in stems, scavenging 26% to 41% of the DPPH. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to explore the correlation between phenolic compound levels and antioxidant capacity under different cultivation temperatures. The PCA confirmed that growth at 25 °C resulted in the highest levels of phenolic compounds in the leaves G. bicolor.
Community Health Worker Roles and Responsibilities in Rural and Urban America
Authors: Callaghan Timothy H. , Washburn David J. , Schmit Carson D. , Martinez Denise , Thompson Emily , Lafleur Megan , Ruiz Zuleyma
Published: November 2024

This project investigated the Community Health Worker (CHW) field in rural and urban environments using a series of focus groups of CHWs in four states. Our findings suggest that there is not a "typical" CHW. Despite this, our results show that CHWs in rural and urban areas share two commonalities—their role as bridge figures between communities and needed resources and their unique position in helping the healthcare industry address social determinants of health. An important difference we observed is that rural CHWs took on a more "generalist" role due to lack of resources, programs, and services, whereas urban CHWs took on a more "specialist" role because of the sometimes substantial amount of available resources, programs, and services.
Are Rural Infants Benefiting from WIC Food Package Rule Changes? Breastfeeding and Infant Feeding Behaviors
Authors: Ishdorj Ariun , Di Hongyang , Samman Elfreda , McKyer E. Lisako J.
Published: November 2024

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides healthy foods and services to low-income pregnant, breastfeeding, and non-breastfeeding postpartum women, as well as to infants and children up to age 5. In 2009, revisions were made to the WIC program to further improve the nutrition and health of infants by providing benefits to promote and support breastfeeding among those who are able and to improve infant feeding practices. This study compared breastfeeding initiation for rural and urban WIC participants, as well as changes in breastfeeding and infant feeding practices before and after the WIC Food Packages (WIC-FPs) revisions. Secondary data from the National Food and Nutrition Survey were used consisting of data from 58 WIC programs representing 38 states, two U.S. districts and territories, and 10 Indian/tribal organizations. Our results revealed breastfeeding for WIC participants continues to move in a positive direction with evidence showing a significant increase in fully breastfeeding post WIC-FP revisions in both rural and urban participants. Our findings for infant feeding revealed an improvement in feeding practices post WIC-FP revisions, such as a delay in the introduction of solid food. Rural participants, however, were still lagging behind their urban counterparts.
Hybrid modelling framework for ozonation and biological activated carbon in tertiary wastewater treatment
Authors: Angula Shalongo T. , Okedi John , Harding Theo , Bellandi Giacomo , Ikumi David S.
Published: November 2024

Despite water being a significant output of water and resource recovery facilities (WRRFs), tertiary wastewater treatment processes are often underrepresented in integrated WRRF models. This study critically reviews the approaches used in comprehensive models for ozone (O3) and biological activated carbon (BAC) operation units for wastewater tertiary treatment systems. The current models are characterised by limitations in the mechanisms that describe O3 disinfection and disinfection by-product formation, and BAC adsorption in multi-component solutes. Drawing from the insights from the current O3, BAC, and WRRF modelling approaches, we propose an integrated O3–BAC model suitable for simulating dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and micropollutants removal in the O3–BAC systems. We recommend a hybrid modelling approach in which data-driven models can be integrated to compensate for structural limitations in mechanistic models. The model is developed within the activated sludge model (ASM) framework for flexibility in coupling with other WRRF models and hence facilitates developing system-wide WRRF models for wastewater reclamation and reuse systems.
School Attachment and its Dimensions as Predictors of Internet Addiction among High School Students in Kosovo
Authors: Mustafa Armen , Basha Ertan
Published: November 2024

Background

Nowadays, the importance and influence of the Internet have increased in lives of adolescents, and this has also affected, to some extent, the attachments that adolescents have with the school. This study aimed to examine if the dimensions of school attachment are predictors of Internet addiction among high school students in Kosovo.

Methods

The data were gained from a research population of adolescents aged 15–19 years attending secondary schools in Kosovo. The whole sample consists of 525 students; 310 (59%) of them were female, and 215 (41%) were male, respectively 214 (40.8%) were students attending the tenth grade, 189 (36%) were in the eleventh grade and 122 (23.2%) were in the twelfth grade. Data were collected via a survey with paper-pencil questionnaires from 6 different secondary schools in 4 different cities in Kosovo. In the data analyses, percentage, arithmetic mean, t-test for independent groups, one-way variance, correlation, and regression analysis were performed.

Results

The results of the study show that some of the dimensions of school attachment are predictors of Internet addiction, such as feelings about school (ß=-.306, p<.001), attitudes toward students (ß=.150, p<.01), and student's perception of school (ß=-.143, p<.001). However, two dimensions have not shown a significant impact on internet addiction: interest in learning (ß=0.018, p>0.05) and attitudes toward teachers (ß=-0.02, p>0.05).

Conclusion

Based on the study findings, it can be concluded that the stronger attachment to school is, the lower level of internet addiction is, and vice versa.
Evaluating the Role of Topical Immunomodulators for Molluscum Contagiosum: A Review
Authors: Ambardekar Shivani S. , Burkhart Craig G.
Published: November 2024

Background

Molluscum contagiosum is a common skin infection caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus. The condition can persist for years due to viral immune evasion mechanisms, leading to significant physical and psychosocial impacts.

Objective

This review aimed to evaluate topical immunomodulators for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum, focusing on their mechanisms, administration methods, clinical safety, and efficacy.

Methods and Results

A literature search conducted using Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Medline identified five topical immune-stimulating therapies: tretinoin, adapalene, diphencyprone, imiquimod, and berdazimer sodium. While imiquimod is no longer recommended and larger-scale studies are warranted to assess the role of tretinoin, adapalene, and diphencyprone; berdazimer sodium has received FDA approval for molluscum contagiosum treatment.

Conclusion

The mechanisms underlying topical immunomodulators remain elusive, and long-term comprehensive studies are required to evaluate their effectiveness across diverse presentations of molluscum contagiosum.
A Quest for the Dual Role of Lymphatic Transport in Cancer: From Immune Surveillance to Tumour Dissemination
Authors: Ismail Faiza , Mustafa Mohd , Tantry Irfan Qadir , Habib Safia
Published: November 2024

Background:

Lymphatic transport is indispensable for maintaining tissue homeostasis
and orchestrating immune surveillance. However, its association with solid tumor development
and dissemination poses a paradox. While initially perceived as a passive conduit for metastasis,
recent research highlights the active involvement of lymphatic vessels in tumor progression,
inflammation, and immune surveillance.

Objective:

This study aims to elucidate the active mechanisms underlying lymphatic transport's
contribution to peripheral tissue immunity and its dual role in tumor-associated immune responses.
Additionally, it explores emerging areas of interest in targeted cancer immunotherapy.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature review was conducted to gather insights into the role of
lymphatic transport in both physiological and pathological contexts, with a focus on cancer progression
and immune modulation. Relevant studies and reviews were analyzed to provide current
understanding and identify future directions in cancer immunotherapy.

Results:

Lymphatic vessels actively shape their transport function to influence peripheral tissue
immunity, facilitating immune cell trafficking and antigen drainage. However, tumor-associated
lymphatic remodeling disrupts this balance, promoting tumor dissemination and fostering a protumorigenic
microenvironment. Emerging research implicates lymphatic vessels in the formation
of tertiary lymphoid structures, immune surveillance in the central nervous system, and interactions
with the microbiome, obesity, and aging, highlighting their multifaceted role in cancer immunity.

Conclusion:

Insights gained in lymphatic biology offer promising avenues for enhancing cancer
immunotherapy by targeting lymphatic vessels and their transport function. A comprehensive
understanding of lymphatic involvement in cancer pathogenesis supports its integration into
therapeutic strategies to optimize immune surveillance and improve patient outcomes.
Epstein-Barr Virus and Helicobacter pylori as Two Main Risk Factors in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zeynali Parisa , Teimouri Hossein , Hashemi Seyed Mohammad Ali , Ebrahimian Arefeh , Faraji Seyed Nooreddin , Sakhaei Shahriar , Behboudi Emad
Published: November 2024

Microbial and viral pathogens have emerged as pivotal agents in oncogenesis. Research conducted in the last twenty years has significantly enhanced our comprehension of the cancer-causing capabilities of infectious agents. An illustrative instance is gastric cancer (GC), which is closely associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections. Despite concerted endeavors, GC remains a serious clinical challenge ranking as the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. In 2020, an estimated 768,793 people died from GC in the world. The pathogenicity island (PAI), cagA protein, VacA and other virulence factors in H. pylori and several latency factors such as EBNA-1, LMP-1 and LMP2A in Epstein-Barr virus as well as pattern of gene methylation and EBV and H. pylori co-infection are shown as the main causes of pathogen-related GC. The unique molecular and clinical characteristics associated with EBV and H. pylori in GC, highlight the importance of further understanding their respective roles in GC development and progression. This knowledge may inform future preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting these infectious agents in the context of GC. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms underpinning EBV and H. pylori-induced carcinogenesis in GC.
Gut Microbiota and Neuroinflammation: An Interconnected Nexus of Health and Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: Obukohwo Oyovwi Mega , Joseph Uchechukwu Gregory , Adeola Oyekanmi Bolape , Igho Odokuma Emmanuel , Thankgod Ogenma Ugushida
Published: November 2024

The gut microbiota, a complex ecosystem of billions of microorganisms in the human digestive tract, plays a crucial role in maintaining health. Recent studies have highlighted a bidirectional communication pathway called the gut-brain axis between the gut and the brain. This communication is significantly influenced by gut microbiota and its interactions with the immune system, which can affect brain function and contribute to inflammation. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the relationship between gut microbiota and neuroinflammation, focusing on the underlying mechanisms and implications for neurological disorders. A thorough literature review was conducted, examining the impact of gut microbiota on neuroinflammation, the mechanisms of this interaction, and potential therapeutic applications. The gut microbiota modulates neuroinflammation through various pathways, including producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), modulating the immune system, and regulating the nervous system. Dysbiosis, characterized by an imbalance in gut microbiota composition, has been associated with an increased risk of neuroinflammation and various neurological conditions. Interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation show promise in treating neuroinflammation. Understanding the pivotal role of gut microbiota in neuroinflammation is essential for developing novel strategies to prevent and manage neurological diseases. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved, identify specific gut microbiota profiles associated with different neurological disorders, and optimize personalized therapies based on microbiome modulation.
Co-developing a digital mindfulness- and acceptance-based intervention for endometriosis management and care: A qualitative feasibility study (Preprint)
Authors: Maindal Nina , Kirk Ulrik Bak , Hansen Karina Ejgaard
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

MY-ENDO (Mind Your ENDOmetriosis) is a mindfulness- and acceptance-based endometriosis self-management intervention aimed at teaching women with symptomatic endometriosis how to manage and reduce negative symptoms and physical, psychological, and social consequences of endometriosis.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed at involving women with endometriosis in the co-development process of a digital version of MY-ENDO to investigate their experiences with and attitudes toward the intervention.

METHODS

The study was designed as a qualitative feasibility study. The empirical material consisted of 35 interviews with seven women diagnosed with endometriosis, based on a semi-structured interview guide. Each participant completed the first four sessions of the intervention and was interviewed before the first and after each of the four sessions (five times in total) during participation. The study was based on a phenomenological approach and the data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis strategy.

RESULTS

Analysis indicated that the two parts of the program called 'knowledge of the disease' and 'management of the disease' with eight related subthemes were crucial for participants' outcomes. In addition, a generic theme called 'motivation and alliance' was identified.

CONCLUSIONS

The digital self-management intervention MY-ENDO was generally experienced and evaluated as positive. It was considered an advantage that the program was specifically tailored to and targeting endometriosis as well as developed in collaboration with patients. Having a contact person was deemed important with regard to maintenance and motivation suggesting potential consequences for the implementation of this digital solution in clinical practice.
Examining The Impact of Hustle Culture on South Korean Workers
Authors: Hasanah Ummul , Vardhani Nabilla Kusuma , Martha Fajarasih Luthfia
Published: November 2024

In recent years, the term hustle culture has often been heard among young workers. Through a hustle culture, a company's progress, which ultimately affects a country's progress, will be possibly achieved more quickly. However, criticism has been common that hustle culture interferes with the mental health of workers in a company because they are too overworking. South Korea has long been known as a country with workers carrying out a hustle culture. This culture can be seen in some of the depictions of Korean popular culture, such as in the Korean drama "Good Manager." The purpose of this research was to find out and reveal the hustle culture and its effects, both for companies and employees in a company in the Korean drama "Good Manager." The analysis was carried out using a qualitative descriptive method from the data contained in the Korean drama "Good Manager." The data were collected through a literature study from various references and observations. The results of this study are expected to be useful for Indonesian youth who work in companies to imitate and implement the hustle culture if it is seen as good. Hopefully, with this research, Korean culture enthusiasts will be better prepared for the challenges they face when they work in companies that adhere to Korean work culture. In addition, the public can better understand the dangers of a hustle culture and be able to maintain mental health from an unhealthy work culture.
Radical Issues in Children's Narratives on Eliyas Explains What’s Going On in Palestine
Authors: Riza Haikal , Arifin Fitra Mutiara Setiani , Amelanda Cheriel Louange
Published: November 2024

The discourses about childhood and its entanglement with commonly discussed literature significantly impact children’s literature. This is reflected by writers’ drive to raise issues that do not always revolve around normative issues in their works. Lately, critical issues prominent in children’s literature include radical political unrest and social injustice, as exemplified in Zanib Mian’s illustrative book Eliyas Explains What’s Going On in Palestine. Zanib Mian’s work was the focused material object of the research. The research employed a qualitative approach, explicitly utilizing document analysis as the primary method. This study utilized Gerard Genette’s Narratology and Kimberley Reynolds’ theory of Radical Children’s Literature to examine how narrators convey these problematic issues to children’s readers. The analysis revealed that the narrator in “Eliyas” employed an autodiegetic perspective to foster understanding, effectively engaging children by sharing personal experiences and emotions. Furthermore, the radical issue of the Palestinian conflict, which was presented sensitively, profoundly impacted the children’s characters within the story and, by extension, the children’s readers engaging with the story. The novelty of this research lies in discussing radical issues without leaving the narrative dimension in literary works using narratological theory and the notion of radical children’s literature, especially in Zanib Mian’s latest work, which deals with politics and war in Palestine.
A Study on Digital Competency Examining the Readiness of Junior High School Teachers in Dairi Regency to Implement the Independent Curriculum
Authors: Pardede Surya Darma , Simare-Mare Aman
Published: November 2024

This study aims to examine the readiness of teachers in implementing the independent curriculum in junior high schools in Dairi district assessed from digital competence. Where the independent curriculum is a program that gives freedom and autonomy to educational institutions and bureaucracies. And also the independent curriculum demands innovative learning which includes project-based learning, skills and character development and a flexible curriculum structure. This research is a qualitative field research with qualitative methods. Respondents in this study were teachers at SMP Negeri 3, SMP Negeri 1, and SMP Negeri 1 Pinem. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires. The results showed that the teacher's skills when assessed from digital competence from the aspect of data information literacy are ready with an average competency level of 73.05% and aspects of communication and collaboration are quite familiar with the presentation level of 85.79%, and aspects of digital content creation can be categorized as sufficient with a presentation of 55.25%. The conclusion is that the availability of teachers in implementing the independent curriculum in State Junior High Schools in Dairi Regency is quite good, but in the aspect of creating digital content, it still needs attention and training so that teachers can develop digital content tailored to learning and students.
Odishan Art and Artists in Ancient to Modern Era
Authors: Behera Digambar
Published: November 2024

Odisha has a rich cultural heritage, celebrated with great enthusiasm and joy, with art playing a central role. Our state observes 13 festivals across 12 months, where every mother becomes an artist in her own right, passing down this creative spirit to her children. This nurturing of artistic talent gives rise to a new generation of artists who continue to bring pride to Odisha’s art academy. However, despite the abundance of talent, there is a noticeable lack of documentation on the history of Odishan artists and their work. This oversight largely stems from the fact that past art historians did not undertake the challenging task of chronologically documenting the artists and their contributions. Consequently, today’s historians struggle to gather information about artists who have passed away. When questioned, some deny knowledge, while others, who may know, remain reluctant to share. Determined to shed light on Odisha's art and artists from a broader perspective, I sought to learn more by reaching out to close friends of deceased artists. However, their recollections were often colored by emotion, making it difficult to separate truth from embellishment. I then turned to the Academy of Fine Arts, hoping to find substantial information, but I uncovered only fragments, like shells scattered in the sea. Through this paper, the author aims to document various aspects of art and the lives of artists, spanning from ancient rock art to contemporary periods. However, capturing the entire narrative in a single paper poses challenges. Therefore, further discussions will continue in a separate series on the art and artists of Odisha. This paper serves as an introduction to the rich heritage of Odishan art and its creators.
Healing the healers: The interplay of corporate social responsibility and leadership in the healthcare burnout epidemic
Authors: Xue Yaowen , Ahmad Aqeel , Han Heesup , Lho Linda Heejung
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the link between corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, leadership, employee admiration and altruism, and burnout in the urban healthcare sector of a developing country, Pakistan. Grounded in conservation of resources (COR) theory, our research demonstrates
how CSR, augmented by admiration, altruism, and humble leadership, mitigates burnout. Insights were drawn from professionals in eight CSR-engaged private hospitals via a three-wave data collection process. The findings highlight CSR's role in fostering employee pride and countering burnout,
as well as the significant impact of humble leadership. The research illuminates the interplay between corporate ethics and employee morale, suggesting that CSR activities are not merely philanthropic endeavors but strategic investments in human capital. Given the unique socioeconomic challenges
of this context, our study offers crucial insights and lays the groundwork for further research in varied cultural settings.
The effect of perceived social support on undergraduate nursing students' life satisfaction: A mediating model
Authors: He Qingsen , Tan Yanan , Cao Shan
Published: November 2024

We explored the relationship between perceived social support and life satisfaction with a convenience sample of 991 undergraduate nursing students. Participants completed the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Perceived Discrimination Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Life
Satisfaction Scale. There was a positive correlation between perceived social support and life satisfaction among undergraduate nursing students, and perceived discrimination and perceived stress played a chain mediating role in this relationship. Our research results reveal the relationship
mechanism between perceived social support and life satisfaction among undergraduate nursing students, providing a preliminary basis for studying the causal relationship of these variables. The results also provide a theoretical basis for improving the life satisfaction of undergraduate nursing
students.
Militância aguerrida em tempos catastróficos: o papel das ações coletivas do sindicato das trabalhadoras domésticas durante a pandemia
Authors: Silva Adara Pereira da
Published: November 2024

A obra Os sindicatos das trabalhadoras domésticas em tempos de pandemia: memórias e resistências constrói, a muitas mãos, uma análise do papel do movimento sindical na pandemia, que conduz a uma reflexão acerca de sua amplitude e legado. Seu objetivo é refletir sobre a organização do trabalho doméstico e o papel central dos sindicatos das trabalhadoras domésticas na luta por direitos para as trabalhadoras domésticas. Devido à especificidade do trabalho doméstico, seu processo de sindicalização foi tardio, sendo legalizado apenas recentemente. A obra demonstra como esse feito foi possível por ser alicerçado coletivamente pela luta de diversas trabalhadoras domésticas e suas redes. Durante a pandemia o caráter coletivo não foi modificado, mas, foram elaboradas novas estratégias para adaptação ao “novo normal”, que objetivavam diminuir o impacto da vida de trabalhadoras que já sofriam precarizações antes mesmo desse contexto. O livro utiliza como metodologia a apresentação de dados quantitativos advindos de pesquisas elaboradas por distintas instituições e a construção de diálogos que destacam memórias e o legado de luta coletiva. Nesse sentido, a discussão apresentada ao longo dos oito capítulos apresenta as ações tomadas pelos sindicatos das trabalhadoras domésticas, que visavam protegê-las em tempos catastróficos, mas, também, acolhê-las, garantindo sua dignidade.