bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of defects in ultra-high gain in fast planar tin gallium oxide UV-C photodetector by MBE
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Partha , Hatipoglu Isa , Frodason Ymir K. , Varley Joel B. , Williams Martin S. , Hunter Daniel A. , Gunasekar Naresh K. , Edwards Paul R. , Martin Robert W. , Wu Feng , Mauze Akhil , Speck James S. , Schoenfeld Winston V.
Published: September 2022

We report ultra-high responsivity of epitaxial (SnxGa1−x)2O3 (TGO) Schottky UV-C photodetectors and experimentally identified the source of gain as deep-level defects, supported by first principles calculations. Epitaxial TGO films were grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on (−201) oriented n-type β-Ga2O3 substrates. Fabricated vertical Schottky devices exhibited peak responsivities as high as 3.5 ×104 A/W at −5 V applied bias under 250 nm illumination with sharp cutoff shorter than 280 nm and fast rise/fall time in milliseconds order. Hyperspectral imaging cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra were examined to find the mid-bandgap defects, the source of this high gain. Irrespective of different tin mole fractions, the TGO epilayer exhibited extra CL peaks at the green band (∼2.20 eV) not seen in β-Ga2O3 along with enhancement of the blue emission-band (∼2.64 eV) and suppression of the UV emission-band. Based on hybrid functional calculations of the optical emission expected for defects involving Sn in β-Ga2O3, VGa–Sn complexes are proposed as potential defect origins of the observed green and blue emission-bands. Such complexes behave as acceptors that can efficiently trap photogenerated holes and are predicted to be predominantly responsible for the ultra-high photoconductive gain in the Sn-alloyed Ga2O3 devices by means of thermionic emission and electron tunneling. Regenerating the VGa–Sn defect complexes by optimizing the growth techniques, we have demonstrated a planar Schottky UV-C photodetector of the highest peak responsivity.
Thermodynamic properties of krypton from Monte Carlo simulations using ab initio potentials
Authors: Ströker Philipp , Hellmann Robert , Meier Karsten
Published: September 2022

Ten different thermodynamic properties of the noble gas krypton were calculated by Monte Carlo simulations in the isothermal-isobaric ensemble using a highly accurate ab initio pair potential, Feynman–Hibbs corrections for quantum effects, and an extended Axilrod–Teller–Muto potential to account for nonadditive three-body interactions. Fourteen state points at a liquid and a supercritical isotherm were simulated. To obtain results representative for macroscopic systems, simulations with several particle numbers were carried out and extrapolated to the thermodynamic limit. Our results agree well with experimental data from the literature, an accurate equation of state for krypton, and a recent virial equation of state (VEOS) for krypton in the region where the VEOS has converged. These results demonstrate that very good agreement between simulation and experiment can only be achieved if nonadditive three-body interactions and quantum effects are taken into account.
Large reversible magnetocaloric effect in high-entropy MnFeCoNiGeSi system with low-hysteresis magnetostructural transformation
Authors: Guo Yong , Zhang Tingting , Zhang Zhishuo , Chen Bin , Guo Wenhui , Pan Shuang , Gong Yong , Bai Yuqing , Gong Yuanyuan , Liu Jun , Miao Xuefei , Xu Feng
Published: September 2022

High-entropy alloys have attracted tremendous research interest in recent years because of their special functional properties. However, the investigations on the high-entropy alloys with thermal- and magnetic-field-induced magnetostructural transformation are still lacking. In this work, we provide a basic strategy to design a six-component MnFeCoNiGeSi high-entropy system, exhibiting low-hysteresis magnetostructural transformation between ferromagnetic orthorhombic and paramagnetic hexagonal phases. An increase in the configurational entropy is helpful to make the alloy crystallize in the single hexagonal structure, which can almost completely transform into the orthorhombic structure during cooling. The thermal hysteresis in our high-entropy alloy is as low as about 4.3 K. This advantage guarantees reversible magnetic-field-induced magnetostructural transformation and is accompanying a large magnetocaloric effect. A reversible entropy change of −13.67 J K−1 kg−1 is realized under a magnetic field variation of 0–5 T. The obtained room-temperature magnetocaloric performance is comparable to that of some rare-earth-based high-entropy alloys and conventional first-order magnetocaloric materials. Moreover, the geometric nonlinear theory of martensitic transformation is adopted to explain the origin of low hysteresis in our high-entropy alloys.
Association between heat stress during intrauterine development and the expression and regulation of ovarian steroid hormone receptors in adult Holstein cows
Authors: Rodríguez Fernanda M. , Notaro Ulises S. , Huber Emilia , Recce Sebastián , Ortega Hugo H. , Signorini Marcelo L. , Rey Florencia , Salvetti Natalia R.
Published: September 2022

Context Dairy cattle experience stressful environmental situations that affect production. Heat stress during gestation can influence the intrauterine development of offspring, resulting in long-term damage that can affect the reproductive life of the adult offspring. Aim The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in the expression and regulation of steroid hormone receptors in the ovary of Holstein cows gestated under different temperature-humidity index (THI) during their in utero development. Methods Animals were classified by their exposure to temperature-humidity index (THI) ≥72 during their development in utero according to date of birth or date of effective service of their mother. This study was not carried out under controlled conditions, but the conditions to which the cows were naturally exposed during their development were considered retrospectively, controlling the variables in the statistical analyses (age as a covariate, dairy farm as a random factor). Gestation was divided into two periods (P1 = days 0–150; and P2 = day 151 to calving) and three trimesters (T1 = days 0–90; T2 = days 91–180; and T3 = day 181 to calving), and the exposure to THI ≥72 was calculated in each one. The following characteristics were evaluated: gene expression of estrogen receptor (ESR) 1, ESR2 and progesterone receptor (PGR), CpG methylation in the 5′UTR of ESR1 and ESR2, and protein expression of ESR1, ESR2, PGR and coregulatory proteins in the dominant follicles of daughter cows in adulthood. Key results We found associations between heat stress variables during gestation and the methylation status of CpG sites in the 5′UTR of ESR1 and ESR2 in dominant follicles. Results also showed association between exposure to high THI values during intrauterine development and expression of ESR1, ESR2 and PGR and coregulatory proteins in dominant follicles of adult cows. Conclusions These results provide novel information about the impact of prenatal heat stress on molecular aspects at the ovary level in the offspring, during their adult life, which probably impacts the reproductive aspects of the herd.
Training and experience increase classification accuracy in white-tailed deer camera surveys
Authors: Elliott Jace R. , Newbolt Chad H. , Dunning Kelly H. , Gulsby William D. , Ditchkoff Stephen S.
Published: September 2022

Context Use of camera trap data in wildlife research is reliant on accurate classification of animals at the species, sex–age category or individual level. One such example is white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) camera surveys, which are often conducted to produce demographic estimates used by managers to establish harvest goals for a population. Previous research suggests that misclassification of deer by sex–age category (e.g. adult male, adult female, fawn) is common in these surveys, and represents a source of bias that could misinform important management decisions. Aim To examine whether training material has an effect on classification accuracy of white-tailed deer and explore other observer-based, experiential factors as they relate to classification accuracy. Methods We developed and tested the efficacy of species-specific training material designed to reduce sex–age misclassifications associated with white-tailed deer images. Key results Exposure to training material resulted in the greatest improvement in classification accuracy of deer images compared with any other respondent-based factors we investigated. Other factors, such as professional experience as a wildlife biologist, field experience viewing white-tailed deer and experience viewing deer images from camera traps, were positively associated with classification accuracy of deer images. Conclusions Our findings suggest that training material has the ability to reduce misclassifications, leading to more accurate demographic estimates for white-tailed deer populations. We also found that prior experience using camera traps and familiarity with target species was positively related to classification accuracy. Implications Species-specific training material would provide a valuable resource to wildlife managers tasked with classifying animals at the species, sex–age category or individual level.
Agreement in Kadu
Authors: Baerman Matthew
Published: September 2022

Krongo, a member of the Kadu family (Nuba Mountains, Sudan), has four agreement classes: feminine, masculine,
neuter and plural (Reh 1985). Nominal number-marking prefixes play a key role in class
assignment: productive plural prefixes trigger plural agreement, and productive singular prefixes trigger neuter agreement. In
most other Kadu languages, there is no distinction between plural and neuter classes. Comparative and typological evidence shows
that Krongo’s system represents the older state of affairs. It is argued that the motivation for the merger of these two classes
was a morphosyntactic abstraction over agreement rules. Two distinct rules, one for singular prefixes and one for plural prefixes,
were replaced by a single rule that assigned the same agreement class to all productive number prefixes, regardless of whether
they mark singular or plural. The result is the morphosyntactic mirror-image of an inverse number system, such as is found in, for
example, Dagaare (Grimm 2012).
A Cognitive Perspective on Spatial Prepositions
Authors: Brenda Maria , Mazurkiewicz-Sokołowska Jolanta
Published: September 2022

A Cognitive Perspective on Spatial Prepositions: Intertwining networks is devoted to the issue of the relation between language and thought approached from the perspective of spatial relations encoded by four equivalent spatial prepositions – English to, German zu, Polish do and Russian к. Regarding these prepositions as path-prepositions, the authors show that the prepositional semantic structures are conceptually grounded in the PATH and the MOTION-EVENT frames and explain that prepositional senses emerge as a result of the PATH image schema transformations and metaphorical mappings related to the EVENT STRUCTURE metaphor. Based on their findings, the authors show how senso-motoric functioning, life experience, individual knowledge, imagery and different ways in which people conceptualize the world influence the relation between language and conceptualization.
Humour in self-translation
Authors: Dore Margherita
Published: September 2022

This introduction sets off by reflecting on migration in relation to multilingualism and self-translation. It explores the migration phenomenon over time but focuses in particular on the 21st century and the way migrants seek integration into the hosting country while, at the same time, remaining profoundly connected to their culture and language of origin. This aspect is not only advocated, but it is also praised as a means of encouraging insiders to be more open towards outsiders. It also considered important to help insiders to become more tolerant and reflect on their own identity. The second part of this chapter is instead devoted specifically to humour in self-translation, its characteristics and driving reasons. One important aspect that is also emphasised here is that humour self-translation is a virtually unexplored area in both Humour Studies and Translation Studies, and this volume seeks to contribute to filling this gap. The chapter concludes with an overview of the contributions included herein. It also offers a reflection on the way humour and self-translation can jointly be explored to better understand how these two natural human traits shape and are shaped by reality.
Punning herself
Authors: Richters Marlisa A.
Published: September 2022

Plays on words, humorous or not, pose serious challenges to the translator, as Dirk Delabastita (1997), among many others, has stated. Self-translators know the intended communicative effect behind the puns, giving them a privileged perspective regarding their translation. This is the case with author Nancy Huston, born in 1953 in Alberta, Canada, and residing permanently in France since 1973. She started using self-translation consistently after discovering she could thereby improve her work, which regularly includes wordplays.

This work looks at puns from two of her earlier self-translated novels, comparing Huston’s English and French version to see how she deals with the complexity they entail. Following Delabastita’s typology of puns (1996: 128, 2014: 604), Huston’s puns are both vertical and horizontal wordplay, display paronymy and homophony as well as many more aspects. This chapter comments on cases of pun-to-pun translation, pun-to-alliteration, pun-to-no pun, etc. Huston herself claims she desires the two versions to be as alike as possible (Mi-Kung YI, 2001), and this article aims at confirming this.
From traduttore, traditore to traduttore, creatore
Authors: Friedman Ursula Deser
Published: September 2022

This paper presents cases of un-translation, substitution, and creative augmentation in the self-translated English-Mandarin short stories of Ha Jin and Pai Hsien-yung, ultimately problematizing the un-translatability of humour in literary (self-)translation. Ha Jin (1956–) augments the Chinese language translated text of his short stories “In the Crossfire/Liang Mian Jia Gong 两面夹攻” and “A Good Fall”/落地 Luo di from his 2010 anthology A Good Fall by adding wordplay, aphorisms, and other splashes of creative humour not present in the English language source text. In the English translation of his short story “A Sky Full of Bright, Twinkling Stars/Man tian li liang jingjing de xingxing 满天里亮晶晶的星星” from his self-translated anthology Taipei People/Taibei Ren (1971), Pai Hsien-yung (1937–) translates character names phonetically to preserve the source text puns, and domesticates the source text for the English-speaking readership by dividing long, cascading sentences into short staccato phrases. Through these case studies of creative subversion in self-translation, I argue that self-translators destabilise their source texts and invite the possibility for innumerable possible translated iterations.
Humour, language variation and self-translation in stand-up comedy
Authors: Dore Margherita
Published: September 2022

This chapter concentrates on self-translation, humour and language variation in Marsha De Salvatore’s stand-up routines. She is a professional Italian American comedian whose one-woman shows talk about her chronic illness (i.e., Beta-Thalassemia Major) and her life in Italy as a “half-expatriate”.

By comparing the original English scripts and the Italian scripts she self-translated, this study explores the mechanisms at work in creating humorous scripts in two different languages. The textual analysis is supported by De Salvatore’s answers during a semi-structured interview. The findings show that when discussing her chronic illness, De Salvatore consciously mixes tragedy and comedy to defy stereotypes about sick people, win over her audience and persuade them to donate blood. In her show about her life, she relies mostly on disparaging humorous comments targeting herself, her friends and her Calabrian family. Interestingly, her scripts in English are mainly constructed on the opposition between English and Italian (and Calabrian) language and culture. Conversely, her self-translated scripts recast this opposition between Italian and Calabrian, albeit retaining some English, since her audience normally has a good grasp of it. Besides, the Italian versions appear tamer when dealing with topics such as sex, which may depend on the fact that this culture is generally more sensitive to taboo humour. However, localising and compensatory strategies make the Italian scripts as effective as the English versions in triggering humour and successfully creating comedian-audience affiliation.
iTranslate or iWrite?
Authors: Sasaki Anna
Published: September 2022

This chapter argues that the translation of humour can become a criterion for defining the self-translation of a children’s book. Not all literature written in a foreign language by the same author can be considered translation. In my chapter I propose a verification criterion for the translation of children’s literature by the original author based on the re-creation of humorous effects in translation. Humour in picture books comes in the form of anecdotes and allusions. The successful re-creation of humour preserves the entertainment value of picture books and answers theoretical claims concerning children’s literature translation. The loss of humorous effect results in the prevalence of the pedagogical value over the entertainment value. Such writing could be regarded as a writing that loses the source-text-target-text relationship. My findings are framed in Toury’s terms of acceptability and adequacy.
Multimodal strategies of creation and self-translation of humorous discourse in image-macro memes
Authors: Iaia Pietro Luigi
Published: September 2022

Image-macro memes are highly dynamic multimodal compositions that propagate online, mostly for humorous purposes. Yet, despite their increasing popularity and transformation into an important part of human community and social life, and notwithstanding the expansion of their areas of application, this novel mainstream phenomenon still deserves more recognition from scholars. This chapter focuses on the processes of creation and self-translation of memes by exploring the strategies of textualization and re-textualization that were activated by a number of undergraduate students from the University of Salento, Italy. This case study is divided into two main phases. In the first phase, participants were asked to create memes for Italian receivers, trying to provoke laughter through culture-bound stereotypes; in phase two, their productions had to be re-elaborated and reformulated to become accessible to international viewers. The comparison between the original versions and their resemiotisations will shed light on the reasons that led subjects to change the visual and/or verbal dimensions of their memes. The analysis will investigate to what extent modifications are meant to adapt the original oppositions between ‘possible/impossible’ or ‘normal/violation’ cognitive scripts, as well as the original representations of culture-bound pop icons. Finally, the examination of the multimodal re-arrangements will also inform a discussion on the influence of the cognitive construct of ‘implied receivers’ on the selection of the language and images that are expected to convey the senders’ intentionality through the hybrid texts under discussion.
E-shaped patch antenna for GaAs-based broadband THz detectors
Authors: Lian X R , Wang K , Bai X Q , Bai P , Li X H , Huang S H , Song W J , Shen W Z , Xu G Y , Zhang Y H
Published: September 2022

High-performance broadband terahertz (THz) photodetectors are of great interest driven by lots of applications. To improve the performance of the THz photodetector in a wide spectral coverage, the E-shaped patch antenna with three slots is proposed and studied in theory. GaAs-based homojunction interfacial work function internal photoemission (HIWIP) broadband THz detector is used as an example to demonstrate the effect in broadband detection. Due to the combined effect of the antenna and the microcavity, E-shaped patch antenna microcavity HIWIP increase the optical coupling efficiency in a broadband range from 2.1–20 THz by an average of four times. Considering the requirement to reduce the dark current, the etched E-shaped patch antenna microcavity HIWIP only retaining the active region beneath the antenna is further investigated. In contrast to the reference HIWIP, the coupling efficiency is improved by an average of 15 times in 2.3–20 THz. The high coupling efficiency of both structures leads to the significant improvement of the responsivity, noise equivalent power, and detectivity in a wide spectral coverage theoretically, which makes it possible to realize higher operating temperatures. Such a design scheme of E-shaped patch antenna structure provides a guideline for broadband THz detectors and can be used for other THz detectors.
The case of itinerant magnetism in CaMn2Al10: self-consistent renormalisation (SCR) theory study
Authors: Devanarayanan Bharathiganesh , Sharma Akariti , Patel Pratik D , Singh Navinder
Published: September 2022

We have applied the powerful self-consistent renormalization theory of spin fluctuations for the system CaMn2Al10 discovered in 2015 and was conjectured to be an itinerant magnet. We have calculated the inverse static i.e. (paramagnetic) susceptibility and have compared it with the experimental data (Steinke et al 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 020413). The agreement is very good. We have calculated spin fluctuations at various temperatures and have also estimated the strength of the electronic correlation i.e. (U = 0.3136 eV) in the Hubbard Hamiltonian. Based on our quantitative explanation of the inverse static i.e. (paramagnetic) susceptibility data within the framework of self-consistent renormalization theory, we can decisively conclude CaMn2Al10 exhibits the phenomena of itinerant magnetism. Further, our density functional theory (DFT) and DFT + U calculations corroborate the strong Mn-Al hybridization which is the key to the itinerant magnetism in this system. Our estimated correlations strength will provide a foundation for further studies of itinerant magnetism in this system.
Statistical learning modeling based health indicator construction for machine condition monitoring
Authors: Deng Yanqing , Hou Bingchang , Shen Changqing , Wang Dong
Published: September 2022

Machine condition monitoring aims to evaluate machine health conditions by analyzing machine vibration signals, which is helpful to make timely maintenance decisions and prevent unexpected accidents. Currently, constructions of virtual and physical health indicators (HIs) are commonly used methods for machine condition monitoring. However, most classic physical and virtual HIs lack inherent thresholds, robustness, monotonicity, and interpretability for machine condition monitoring. In this paper, a statistical learning modeling based HI construction method for machine condition monitoring is proposed to solve these problems. Firstly, a statistical decision theory is suggested to clearly describe a machine condition monitoring objective, and subsequently shapes of square envelope spectra are robustly modeled by using a parametric statistical model called a penalized B-spline approximation. Further, an interpretable HI named B-spline weight HI (BSWHI) as well as an inherent statistical threshold is accordingly constructed based on the Mahalanobis distance between B-spline weights of testing samples and a healthy sample. Experiments on bearing and gear run-to-failure datasets are studied to show that the proposed BSWHI and its inherent statistical threshold can effectively detect early machine faults and simultaneously provide monotonic degradation assessment trends. The proposed interpretable BSWHI has achieved a substantial improvement over existing classic HIs.
Arbitrary position 3D tomography for practical application in combustion diagnostics
Authors: Sanned David , Lindström Johan , Roth Adrian , Aldén Marcus , Richter Mattias
Published: September 2022

This work aims to make three-dimensional (3D) tomographic techniques more flexible and accessible to in-situ measurements in practical apparatus by allowing arbitrary camera placements that benefit applications with more restrictive optical access. A highly customizable, in-house developed tomographic method is presented, applying smoothness priors through Laplacian matrices and hull constraints based on 3D space carving. The goal of this paper is to showcase a reconstruction method with full user control that can be adopted to various 3D field reconstructions. Simulations and experimental measurements of unsteady premixed CH4/air and ethanol (C2H5OH) diffusion pool flames were evaluated, comparing arbitrarily placed cameras around the probed domain to the more commonly used in-plane-half-circle camera arrangement. Reconstructions reproduced expected topological field features for both flame types. Results showed slight decrease in reconstruction quality for arbitrarily placed cameras compared to in-plane-half-circle arrangement. However, at lower numbers of camera views (N
q ⩽ 6) arbitrary placement showed better results. The introduced methodology will be useful for optically limited setups in terms of handling a priori information, camera placement and 3D field evaluation.
A conversion-type lithium artificial synapse with dispersed nano-silica fabricated by UV-curing method
Authors: Li Feifei , Zhang Jiani , Ling Huiqin , Hang Tao , Li Ming , Wu Yunwen
Published: September 2022

The rapid growth of information puts forward new requirements for computer including denser memory capacity and faster response beyond the traditional von Neumann architecture. One promising strategy is to employ novel computing devices such as artificial synapses (AS). Here, an Au/LPSE-SiO2/Si AS (LPSE-SiO2 AS) with a simple sandwich structure was fabricated by UV curing. LPSE-SiO2 AS emulated synaptic plasticity including excitatory postsynaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation, and spike-dependent plasticity. It also simulated the memory strengthening and forgetting analogue to biological system. The realization of synaptic plasticity is due to the homogeneously dispersed nano-silica in LPSE, which acts as lithium ions trapping center and conducts a reversible electrochemical conversion reaction with Li ions with pulse stimulation. These results indicate the potential for LPSE-SiO2 AS in future large-scale integrated neuromorphic networks.
Single event effects prediction of MOSFET device using deep learning
Authors: Zhao Rong , Wang Shulong , Duan Xiaoling , Cao Xianfa , Ma Lan , Chen Shupeng , Liu Hongxia , Chen Yanning , Zhang Haifeng , Zhao Yang
Published: September 2022

Single event effect (SEE) is an important problem in the reliability research of integrated circuits. The study of SEE of traditional MOSFET devices is mainly based on simulation software, which is characterized by slow simulation speed, large computation and time-consuming. In this paper, a SEE research method based on deep learning is proposed. The method relies on 28 nm MOSFET. The complete drain transient current pulse, transient current peak value and total collected charge can be obtained in a short time by inputting relevant parameters that affect the SEE. The accuracy of the network for predicting transient current peak and total collected charge is 96.95% and 97.53% respectively, and the mean goodness of fit of the network for predicting the drain transient current pulse curve is 0.985. Compared with TCAD Sentaurus software, the simulation speed is increased by 5.89 × 103 and 1.50 × 103 times respectively. This method has good prediction effect and provides a new possibility for the study of SEE.
Room temperature operated composite SnS–ZnS heterojunction based sensor for sub-ppm ethanol detection
Authors: Lalwani Suraj Kumar , Debnath Ajit , Sunny
Published: September 2022

The present work demonstrates the potential of metal sulphide SnS–ZnS composite towards detection of low concentration (sub ppm) ethanol at room temperature (27 °C). The fabricated sensor has shown excellent performance in terms of % response of 56.58% at 100 ppb owing to the low crystallite size observed from the x-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization. The sensor has been exposed to ethanol under relative humidity (RH) range of 40% RH to 80% RH. The sensor has shown fast response and appreciable selectivity towards ethanol. The elemental composition and valence states of the composite formed are shown using energy dispersive x-ray analysis and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The excellent sensing behavior is also supposed to be contributed due to SnS–ZnS p-n heterojunction formation. XRD of the prepared sample has been done to find the crystal structure and crystallite size. Further, field emission scanning electron microscopy results have confirmed the low particle size of the sample which complements the high sensitivity of the sensor.
M3ResU-Net: a deep residual network for multi-center colorectal polyp segmentation based on multi-scale learning and attention mechanism
Authors: Fu Junhu , Lin Shengli , Zhou Pinghong , Guo Yi , Wang Yuanyuan
Published: September 2022

Colorectal polyps are considered as an important precursor of colorectal cancer (CRC) in clinical diagnosis. A network automatically and accurately segmenting polyps can recognize, locate and finally help to remove polyps, greatly reducing the misdiagnosis rate. Although many neural networks for polyp segmentation have been proposed, there still exist some difficulties including the diversity of image backgrounds, the jelly effect, and the various shapes and sizes of different polyps. These factors lead to the segmentation accuracy remaining to be improved. In this paper, we propose M3ResU-Net including multi-scale learning and attention mechanisms, aiming to segment multi-center colorectal polyps. First, we implement the contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) and data augmentation for multi-center data. Then, channel and spatial attention mechanisms are introduced to focus on polyp features and suppress interference features. Finally, in order to balance small target segmentation and the acquisition of global information, multi-scale learning with dilated convolutions is employed. We compared other five polyp segmentation methods on three publicly available datasets. In single-center experiments, M3ResU-Net reaches a Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) exceeding that of the best compared method by over 2%. In various multi-center experiments, M3ResU-Net all achieves a DSC over 0.8. The results demonstrate that M3ResU-Net is capable of assisting clinicians in polyp segmentation in the field of colonoscopy, which provides important and reliable support to improve diagnostic efficiency.
An unsupervised automated paradigm for artifact removal from electrodermal activity in an uncontrolled clinical setting
Authors: Subramanian Sandya , Tseng Bryan , Barbieri Riccardo , Brown Emery N
Published: September 2022

Objective. Electrodermal activity (EDA) reflects sympathetic nervous system activity through sweating-related changes in skin conductance and could be used in clinical settings in which patients cannot self-report pain, such as during surgery or when in a coma. To enable EDA data to be used robustly in clinical settings, we need to develop artifact detection and removal frameworks that can handle the types of interference experienced in clinical settings while salvaging as much useful information as possible. Approach. In this study, we collected EDA data from 70 subjects while they were undergoing surgery in the operating room. We then built a fully automated artifact removal framework to remove the heavy artifacts that resulted from the use of surgical electrocautery during the surgery and compared it to two existing state-of-the-art methods for artifact removal from EDA data. This automated framework consisted of first utilizing three unsupervised machine learning methods for anomaly detection, and then customizing the threshold to separate artifact for each data instance by taking advantage of the statistical properties of the artifact in that data instance. We also created simulated surgical data by introducing artifacts into cleaned surgical data and measured the performance of all three methods in removing it. Main results. Our method achieved the highest overall accuracy and precision and lowest overall error on simulated data. One of the other methods prioritized high sensitivity while sacrificing specificity and precision, while the other had low sensitivity, high error, and left behind several artifacts. These results were qualitatively similar between the simulated data instances and operating room data instances. Significance. Our framework allows for robust removal of heavy artifact from EDA data in clinical settings such as surgery, which is the first step to enable clinical integration of EDA as part of standard monitoring.
A fast sparse least squares support vector machine hysteresis model for piezoelectric actuator
Authors: Mao Xuefei , Du Haocheng , Sun Siwei , Liu Xiangdong , Shan Jinjun , Feng Ying
Published: September 2022

The inherent nonlinearities of piezoelectric actuator (PEA), especially hysteresis, greatly reduce the tracking performance of PEA. With a lot of computing resources consumed in the predicting process, the hysteresis modeling method of PEA based on the least-squares support vector machine (LSSVM) cannot be used for hysteresis compensation at high frequency. To solve this problem, a sequential selection approximate algorithm is proposed to obtain a fast sparse LSSVM (SLSSVM) hysteresis model. The SLSSVM model’s support vectors are only 6.8% of the original LSSVM model, by which the modeling speed and calculation speed are greatly improved. The experimental results show that the SLSSVM model improves the tracking accuracy when used in hybrid control system, especially for high frequency trajectories.
Shunts vs networks: tuning and comparison of centralized and decentralized piezoelectric vibration absorbers
Authors: Raze G , Dietrich J , Lossouarn B , Kerschen G
Published: September 2022

This work develops a unified modeling framework for piezoelectric structures controlled by passive shunts connected to a single transducer and/or networks interconnecting multiple transducers. A common tuning procedure for these different control approaches, termed decentralized and centralized approaches, respectively, is proposed. The generic model is then used to compare them in terms of vibration mitigation performance. It is shown that decentralization can be detrimental to performance in general. Digital vibration absorbers are then leveraged to realize the shunts and/or networks. In this regard, the proposed tuning procedure solely relies on characteristics that can be identified from the digital units of these absorbers. The theoretical developments are numerically and experimentally validated on piezoelectric beams.
Radiation shielding, physical, and elastic properties of BaO-B2O3-Bi2O3 glass system
Authors: Ahmadi Maria , Zanganeh Vahid , Boodaghi Malidarre Roya , Akkurt Iskender
Published: September 2022

In this research, the radiation shielding, structural, mechanical, and acoustic features of the 20BaO-(80-x) Bi2O2 -x B2O3 (where x = 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20 mol%) glasses are investigated and the obtained results are reported in detail. One of the fundamental parameters in the evaluation of the interaction of radiation with shielding material was the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) that was obtained using the Phy-X/PSD program in the energy range from 0 to 10 MeV and the calculated results are presented in this paper. Increasing the Bi2O3 concentration changes the composition and density of glass samples and affects the mechanical properties. As a result, the values of elastic moduli such as Young’s, Bulk, Shear, and Longitudinal moduli experience a slight reduction. In addition, the Poisson’s ratio decreases from 0.27 to 0.17 but the quantity of fractal Bond Connectivity (FBC) increases between 2.26 and 3.59 from BaBiB1to BaBiB6 glass samples which hints that present glasses have chain structure (3D). Furthermore, the micro-hardness (H) increases from 6.67 to 9.88 GPa with the increase in Bi2O3 concentration. The reported acoustic impedance (Zi) increases between 15.16 *

10

3

kg
.

m

−
2

s

−
1

and 19.00 *

10

3

kg
.

m

−
2

s

−
1

.

The result of this study shows that increasing the amount of Bi2O3 in the preferred glass samples leads to the achievement of high performance radiation shielding materials. Finally, from this research, we can exploit valuable information about the structure of the glass samples.
Elastic spectra for a structurally chiral finite slab
Authors: Soto Mabel Anahi , Rosas R A , Reyes J A , Corella-Madueño A
Published: September 2022

We consider an artificial helical solid whose lattice vectors rotate around a given axis when displacing along such an axis; emulating the texture of a cholesteric liquid crystal. We analyze the general case of a local crystal symmetry for which the stiffness parameter values are such that the longitudinal and transverse elastic waves are coupled, causing the system to exhibit simultaneously two types of band gaps. Here, we calculate analytically for the first time, the elastic spectra of a structurally chiral elastic slab whose helical axis is normal to the sample borders, made with a finite number of periods; when elastic longitudinal and transverse circularly polarized waves impinge the slab. The outstanding features of the mentioned bandgaps are the following. One exhibits a circularly discriminatory behavior, in which only the right circularly polarized waves are reflected, whereas the left circularly polarized waves pass practically without change. The other band gap converts longitudinal incident waves in right circularly polarized reflected waves and vice versa.
Destabilization of low-frequency modes (LFMs) driven by a thermal pressure gradient in EAST plasmas with q
min
⩽ 2
Authors: Xu Ming , Ma Ruirui , Xu Liqing , Li Yingying , Zhao Hailin , Chen Wei , Wang Shouxin , Li Guoqiang , Zhong Guoqiang , Wang Fudi , Jin Yifei , Huang Juan , Zang Qing , Liu Haiqing , Hu Liqun , Gong Xianzu , Xu Guosheng , Hu Jiansheng , Wan Baonian , the EAST Team
Published: September 2022

Mode structures and excitation conditions for the low-frequency modes (LFMs) have been investigated in experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) plasmas with q
min ⩽ 2. Two different stages/categories of the LFM instabilities are observed during the oscillation of annular/central collapse events: (I) the upward sweeping frequency of LFMs; (II) the upward frequency jumpsof LFMs. The annular/central events are triggered by the m/n = 2/1 double tearing modes with different q-profiles, while the LFMs are characterized by higher mode numbers m/n = 4/2, 6/3, …, where m and n are the poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, respectively. The maximum radial coverage of the LFMs is located in the annular region of 1.97

⩽
R
⩽

2.07 m with the normalized minor radius 0.2

⩽
ρ
⩽

0.4, while the higher-frequency (or upward sweeping frequency) branch is more localized to the radial position of 2

⩽
R
⩽

2.02 m (q
min). The frequency characteristics of upward sweeps or upward jumps of the LFMs are mainly attributed to the change in the q-profile, e.g. the upward sweeping frequency in stage I is caused by q
min decreasing. Accordingly, the linear wave properties of LFMs in EAST with weak/reversed magnetic shear are studied numerically and analytically based on a general fishbone-like dispersion relation. Without considering the contribution of energetic ions, it is shown that the LFM with Alfvénic polarization is an MHD-unstable kinetic ballooning mode with frequency of the order of the ion diamagnetic drift frequency. Several important factors for the excitation of LFM instability are analyzed: (1) the role of energetic ions is unimportant, and the LFMs can be excited under the two conditions of with/without energetic ions; (2) the higher τ = T
e/T
i with larger η
i = L

ni
/L

Ti
are required, namely the normalized pressure gradient α ∝ (1 + τ)(1 + η
i) should be large enough to overcome the stability effect of finite field line bending; (3) the weak/reversed shear q-profile with q
min ⩽ 2 and suitable S ≡ (r/q)(q″)1/2 are required.
Dependence of nonlinear coupling among turbulence, geodesic acoustic modes and tearing modes on magnetic island width in the HL-2A edge plasmas
Authors: Xu J.Q. , Li J.C. , Peng X.D. , Qu Y.R. , Lin Z. , Jiang M. , Huang Z.H. , Wu N. , Wang W.C. , Hao G.Z. , Chen W. , Qu H.P. , Li J.Q. , Xu M. , the HL-2A Team
Published: September 2022

Statistical spectral features of the dependence of geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) and their nonlinear couplings with ambient turbulence on the magnetic island (MI) width (W) in the edge region of HL-2A tokamak plasmas are analyzed. Experimental observations have indicated that the modulation influence as well as the strength of nonlinear interactions between GAMs and turbulence generally shows a gradual decay while the couplings between MIs and the latter are increased simultaneously as the MI becomes larger. The MIs mainly reduce the couplings between GAMs and potential fluctuations, whereas the changes in the nonlinear interactions between density fluctuations and MIs are more evident. Moreover, it is found that there exists a nonmonotonic relationship between the turbulence correlation length and island width, in which it exhibits a minimum around W ∼ 3.7 cm, suggesting that the MI around such a scale would have a significant suppression effect on turbulent transport. These findings promote the understanding of the nonlinear interactions between MIs and turbulence in the edge of fusion plasmas.
MℬJ-Filters on Lattice Implication Algebras
Authors: Amarendra Babu V , Naga Malleswari V Siva , Begum K Abida
Published: September 2022

We explored the some equivalent conditions and properties of MℬJ-filters of Lattice implication algebras. As well we define MℬJ-lattice filters of Lattice implication algebras. Finally, it was established that MℬJ-Lattice filter is an MℬJ-filter, but not the other way around.
Bandgap Variations and Photodegradation Efficiency on Inclusion of SiO2 in TiO2-rGO Nanocomposite for High Performance Photocatalysis
Authors: Preetha S , Lekshmi I C
Published: September 2022

SiO2 is an excellent support material due to its flexible pore size and can be used as an adsorbent for the removal of toxic materials from water. Nanocrystalline TiO2-rGO is previously reported to show complete photodegradation for azo dyes. In pursuit of enhancing the adsorption capability of the system, we have incorporated SiO2 in TiO2-rGO nanocomposite which has drastically reduced the crystallinity of the matrix. Analysis of the bandgap variations is pursued here, which is crucial for enhanced light absorption and high performance photocatalysis.
Prediction of Solar Radiation Using Data Driven Models
Authors: Thallapalli Nagaveni , Prasanna S V S N D L
Published: September 2022

The local climatic conditions play a significant role in the amount of Solar Radiation that reaches the Earth’s surface. In India, most of the locations, receive ample Solar Radiation. The exact evaluation of SR is most essential for engineering studies on energy and climate. For the present investigations, the meteorological data for Hyderabad city in Telangana state for the period 2009 - 2020 is adopted. Five climatological variables viz., Max. Temp. (Tmax), Min. Temp. (Tmin) and Mean Air Temp. (Tmean), Sunshine hours (n), and Relative Humidity (RH) were collected from the weather forecast. In the present investigations, two conventional empirical equations viz., Abdalla, and Angstrom are adopted for analytical estimation of Solar Radiation (SR). Furthermore, two data-driven models via., Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Multi Gene-genetic Programming (MGGP) are used to develop an equation for estimating Solar Radiation (Rs). The model equations were developed based on the parameters adopted for each conventional equation. These results are compared with conventional equation results. The present investigation exhibited that, the expected results of the Solar radiation of the arrangement formed by the data are favourable and also simplify the testing data. The corresponding R2 values for random data are 0.976 for the training dataset, while the value for the testing dataset is 0.964. Based on the performance analysis for each equation, the efficiency and reliability of the proposed MGGP and ANN model are validated and predicted for the year 2021. The predicted results were found to be in good agreement with the analytical results evaluated from three properly used equations.
Novel Pd-loaded self-standing hierarchical pore structure silicalite for low temperature toluene catalytic combustion
Authors: Deng Kang , Xiao Liangjun , Xie Junming , Tu Shunheng , Li Yongfeng
Published: September 2022

A novel Pd-loaded self-standing hierarchical pore structure silicalite were obtained by a handy polymer form board assisted hydrothermal method. The selected foam-shaped form board of a polyurethane (PU) foam monolith was regarded as the precursor of the self-standing hierarchical pore structure silicalite. The fruiting silicalite can steadily hold unique macroporous network structure and shape of the anterior original PU foam board . By means of the BET and BJH pore size distribution tests, the as-synthesis silicalite demonstrated hierarchical pore structure. The method of in-situ reduction was wielded to load palladium on the silicalite, and the catalytic performance of the catalyst to decompose toluene was tested at multiple burning temperatures. The experimental results revealed that the Pd-loaded catalyst can effectively decompose toluene at nearly 230°C, realizing low-temperature catalytic combustion of toluene.
Effect of heat treatment process on Microstructure and properties of 4Cr13N corrosion resistant plastic die steel
Authors: Fan Yi , Xie Guanli , Ma Dangshen , Chi Hongxiao , Zhou Jian
Published: September 2022

The effect of heat treatment process on microstructure and mechanical properties of 4Cr13N corrosion-resistant plastic die steel were investigated. The experimental results indicate that, with the increase of quenching temperature of 4Cr13N steel, the undissolved second phase gradually decreased, the martensitic lath gradually coarsened, and the hardness first rise up and then move down. The hardness of 4Cr13N steel reaches the highest at 1020 °C, at this time, the quenching microstructure is martensite + undissolved carbide + retained austenite, and the type of undissolved carbide is M23C6. The tempering hardness curve has an obvious secondary hardening peak, the peak temperature is 500 °C, and the peak hardness is 55 HRC. Below 500 °C , with the increase of tempering temperature, granular nitride Cr2N dispersion precipitation from matrix, resulted in second phase strengthening, hardness increased, impact toughness decreased, and the fracture mode is quasi-cleavage fracture; Above 500 °C, the structure gradually transformed to sorbite, the hardness decreased, and the toughness increased. Over all, to achieve a better match of strength and toughness, 4Cr13N plastic die steel should be tempered between 200 ~ 480 °C, impact energy are above 15 J, hardness above 50 HRC.