bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of a 70.6 kWp Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) System using PVSol
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India, Quddus Amro Sadul , Usmani T , Hasan Syed Hamid
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Recent technological advancements have significantly improved the energy conversion efficiency of Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) modules and Photovoltaic (PV) modules in general. These improvements have facilitated the widespread adoption of PV systems across various sectors, including residential, commercial, and industrial applications. The modular and distributed characteristics of PV systems make them a preferred choice among the diverse renewable energy technologies available. Methods: This study involves simulation analysis of a BIPV system using the PVSol solar PV system analysis tool and a comparison of energy generation & performance ratio with an actual rooftop PV system installed at Integral University, Lucknow, India. The study presents and discusses various parameters of the 70.6 kWp BIPV system for a geographical location of Lucknow having coordinates 26.84 N, 80.94 E. Findings: The BIPV technology is key to reducing global building energy consumption, which accounts for approximately 40% of total energy use, contributing to lower greenhouse gas emissions. 70.6 kWp rooftop PV system at Integral University in Lucknow, India, serves as a reference for BIPV system simulation, helping to validate its performance and improve system reliability. Novelty: The BIPV system of Integral University, Lucknow, is analysed and also simulated on PVSol, which is industrial software. When the technical parameters are compared and analysed, it is found that the average PR of the simulated system is 80.15, whereas the average PR of the installed system is 67.76%. This shows that system efficiency is approx. 84.54%.

Keywords: Building Integrated Photovoltaic System (BIPV System), MPPT, PVSol, Performance Ratio (PR), PVSyst Energy Generation Tool, Solar PV System
Microbial DNA isolation from 1 gram soil v1
Authors: Harkes Paula , van den Elsen Sven , Helder Hans
Published: February 2025

This protocol describes the extraction of microbial DNA from 1 gram of soil.
DIO-SPOTlight Image Processing and Analysis v.250227 v1
Authors: Oliver Matt
Published: February 2025

Abstract This protocol contains the image processing and analysis steps that follow the image acquisition protocol. Partner protocols: DIO-SPOTlight Immunohistochemistry v.250227 & DIO-SPOTlight Confocal Imaging Acquistion v.250227
Optimized Mung Bean Nuclease Nanoseq Library Preparation Protocol for Whole Genome Sequencing v1
Authors: Chao Hsu
Published: February 2025

Duplex Sequencing (DS) is an ultra-accurate next-generation sequencing method that independently sequences both parent DNA strands, identifying true mutations shared between them and eliminating errors from artifacts or misincorporation. There are multiple duplex sequencing protocols, Nanoseq being one such method (PMID: 33911282). NanoSeq enhances duplex sequencing accuracy by combining BotSeqS (PMID: 27528664) with a restrictive end-repair method using dideoxy nucleotides, overcoming limitations of shallow sequencing and targeted panels for high-sensitivity applications. Here we describe step-by-step, the Nanoseq method using the mung bean nuclease, an enzyme that preferentially cleaves single-stranded DNA while preserving double-stranded DNA. Combining use of this enzyme following mechanical fragmentation of genomic DNA ensures nearly 2x more genome coverage compared to using the HpyCH4V enzyme for genomic DNA fragmentation. This method has been optimized and tested across >15 human tissues, including heart, muscle, colon, blood, cord blood, liver, and brain etc. to generate reproducible results.
Addressing Migrant Inequality in Youth Political Engagement: The Role of Parental Influences
Authors: Guglielmi Simona , Maggini Nicola
Published: February 2025

While citizenship acquisition varies across the EU, children of immigrants are expected to comprise a growing share of the voting-age population in the coming years. Consequently, understanding the factors influencing their political integration has garnered increasing attention from researchers and policymakers. Existing studies highlight the complex and context-dependent interplay of structural, cultural, and policy-related factors that shape immigrant political engagement. Additionally, some scholars have noted that the standard model of youth political socialisation—where political learning is transmitted from parent to child—may be “disrupted” in immigrant families. Against this backdrop, this article investigates the critical role of family political discussions and parent–child political alignment in (re)producing ethnic inequalities in political engagement among late adolescents, using Lombardy (Italy) as a case study. The project MAYBE—Moving into Adulthood in uncertain times: Youth Beliefs, future Expectations, and life choices (University of Milan) collected survey data from 2,756 final-year high school students (aged 18–19) between February 2023 and March 2024, including 620 students with migrant backgrounds. The study applied a multilevel regression model—spanning 81 schools, 165 classes—to investigate individual and contextual factors, such as the classroom political climate and municipal electoral competitiveness. Migrant parents navigate the host country’s political environment with varying levels of familiarity, shaped by their connections to the political culture of their country of origin. Findings suggest that these dynamics create unique pathways for the political socialisation of their children, in which the influence of socioeconomic status and intergenerational social learning on political engagement differs significantly from the patterns observed among native-born youth.
Problems of Legal Regulation of Savings Certificates
Authors: Lekanova E. E.
Published: February 2025

Until 2018, the savings certificate was a very attractive and popular banking product. However, after amendments to legislation that led to the abolition of presenting savings certificates, in 2018 credit organizations stopped issuing them. In turn, credit organizations prefer not to issue registered savings certificates, since it is more profitable for them to place funds of the population in deposits that are not certified by savings certificates.

The paper assesses the reasons for the prohibition of presenting certificates, establishes their insufficient validity. The paper is relevant since it examines not only the aforementioned legal problem, which requires a legislative reaction, but also he increased need of the Russian economy for «long money» over the past two years. The President of the Russian Federation in his Address to the Federal Assembly in February 2024 proposed to provide special conditions for the placement of irrevocable certificates that would stimulate the population to invest in them at the level of legislation. The paper analyzed the idea of issuing irrevocable certificates and evaluates the conditions for their placement in terms of their attractiveness to the population.
The Right to Judicial Protection in the Eurasian Economic Union: Procedural and Substantive Law Aspects
Authors: Knyazkin S. I.
Published: February 2025

The paper elucidates the problems of judicial competence within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union and its relationship with national justice. The procedural aspect of the right to judicial protection includes the problem of the interpretation and implementation of international law in the systems of law of the members of the Union. The direct method of implementing the law of the Union is intended to be a priority and it presumes its direct application by national courts. The indirect method involves the implementation of the law of the Union through the consideration of the standings of the Court of the Eurasian Economic Union by national courts. The retrospective consideration of the standings of the Court of the Union through the revision of judicial acts due to new circumstances constitutes a form of the indirect method of introducing the law of the Union into the law of Russia. The substantive law aspect of the right to judicial protection in the Eurasian Economic Union includes the problem of taking from the jurisdiction of the Court of the Union disputes according to the subject and subject matter criteria, namely: restriction on the appeal to the Court of the Union of persons who do not have the status of an economic entity, as well as impossibility of judicial challenge of regulatory legal acts adopted by the bodies of the Union. The main criterion for such an exemption is the lack of formalization of these categories of cases in international law. The author concludes that it is advisable to recreate judicial powers at the union and national levels in this extensive segment of cases. The direct connection between judicial competence and its formalization in the norms of law is impractical due to the objective lag of any lawmaker, including the bodies of the Eurasian Economic Union, from the development of real social relations and new needs associated with the settlement of numerous disputes.
Legal Foundations for Ratings Activities for the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Shakhnazarov B. A.
Published: February 2025

Sustainable development as an urgent agenda for the formation and implementation of social relations in the modern world is focused on solving a variety of problems that the states and society are facing, and that affect a variety of legal relations. Law, being a system of norms governing social relations, also covers relations in the field of sustainable development. Comparative methodology in relation to sustainable development is manifested through the prism of evaluating activities aimed at assessing compliance with various norms in the field of sustainable development. The main problem is that ESG evaluation of different providers of relevant services differ significantly due to differences in approaches to the analysis of ESG ratings of different rating agencies. A clear and transparent system for rating and evaluating the compliance of the activities of legal entities with the principles of sustainable development based on effective normative regulation in the context of different approaches to rating models in the field of sustainable development, as well as ESG standards that differ in the world, is an essential component of the implementation of ESG principles both at the international level and in the context of the development of the Russian national standard for sustainable development.
Recommendations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the Application of the Provisions of Part 6 of Art. 15 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Authors: Mozina E. V.
Published: February 2025

The paper is devoted to the analysis of recommendations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation providing for the procedure of applying Part 6 of Art. 15 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation that was introduced into the criminal law environment in December 2011. With the adoption of this norm, both positive and negative assessments of this legislative initiative began to appear in special literature. Often, authors criticized the provisions under consideration due to the lack of detailed recommendations on the use of the provisions of Part 6 of Art. 15 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which would contribute to uniform law enforcement. With the adoption on 15 May 2018 by the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of Resolution No. 10 «On the Practice of the Application by the Courts of the Provisions of Part 6 of Article 15 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation», some pressing issues were resolved. At the same time, there was some understatement on the pages of the resolution, for example, regarding the legal consequences of decreasing the gravity of a crime. We also witness contradictions of individual clarifications to the current criminal law. Taking into account that the resolutions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation are formally addressed to the courts, but in their activities they are actively used by lawyers, the academic community, and law students, the identified ambiguous points require further examination and an appropriate response from the Supreme Court.
Private Law Regulation in the Sphere of Renewable Energy: Features and Development Problems
Authors: Svirkov S. A.
Published: February 2025

The paper is devoted to the consideration of the features of private law regulation of renewable energy. In particular, the specifics of private law regulation in the specified area are highlighted. It is related to establishing the legal regime of facilities for generating energy based on renewable energy sources (RES); creating private law mechanisms aimed at developing the generation of electricity based on RES, including legal regulation of the circulation of certificates of origin of the specified electricity; establishing the legal status of participants in relations in the sphere of production and circulation of this electricity. Particular attention is given to the mechanism established by law for the circulation of generation attributes and certificates of origin of electricity. The structures of these legal instruments are examined in detail, and their legal nature is revealed. The advisability of the parallel existence in the legal plane of generation attributes and certificates of origin of electricity is questioned. Based on the analysis of foreign experience in legal regulation, proposals are made to optimize the mechanism for the functioning of the market for these certificates, and the specifics of trading I-REC certificates are considered.
Injustice is Ahistorical
Authors: Gearhart Michael
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of historical context in social work practice, research, and teaching. Understanding the evolution of racist policies and practices is necessary for developing antiracist practices that promote racial equity. Using St. Louis as a case study, the manuscript describes how racist policies and practices evolved over time between the 1900s and 1970s. These policies and practices will be examined at three levels: individual, local governance, and federal policy. The discussion section describes the implications of this history for contemporary social work research, practice, and education. In practice, understanding our history is necessary so we can identify when using racialized practices and hoping for different results. Understanding the historical context of our research can identify when our results provide support that racist policies and practices are working as designed. The interconnectedness of racist policy and practice necessitates re-thinking social work education, particularly as it relates to the divide of micro and macro social work practice.
Critical Race Theory
Authors: Pajak Alexandra
Published: February 2025

Critical Race Theory (CRT) is a unique analytic lens through which to examine and ultimately dismantle racism within United States society. CRT has been applied to a variety of contexts including education, therapy, and law. Little is known about the application of CRT to the field of social work. This paper aims to investigate the ways in which CRT has been applied to the field of social work. Utilizing major academic databases, the researcher identified 617 unique references. A total of 14 articles were included in this review following exclusion criteria and full-text review. This paper provides an overview of CRT and its potential to inform social work practice.
How Ecological Systems Impact Black and Latine Youths’ Health During Reentry After Confinement: Implications for Social Work
Authors: Mei Edward , Bondoc Christopher , Meza Jocelyn , Bosco John , Barnert Elizabeth S.
Published: February 2025

Reentry after confinement is a critical juncture for youth, and the environmental contexts they return to post-release play a crucial role in shaping their health. This qualitative secondary analysis explores the perspectives of Black and Latine youth and their parents/caregivers on how specific microsystems influence youths’ health during reentry. We completed two-staged thematic analysis of longitudinal semi-structured interviews with recently released Black and Latine youth (n = 27) and their parents/caregivers (n = 34) to examine how the home, school, and neighborhood microsystems impact youths’ health and well-being during community reentry. Participants described three environmental features across the identified microsystems as impacting the health and well-being of youth undergoing reentry: 1) relationships, 2) physical space, and 3) resources. Participant perspectives suggest that social workers can potentially leverage existing strengths within each microsystem to promote the health and desistance of Black and Latine youth during reentry. In addition, participants described health-detracting features within specific microsystems that social workers can aim to remedy to redress health disparities among Black and Latine youth undergoing reentry. Using participants’ insights to optimize youths’ environment for health promotion, desistance, and service utilization may facilitate long-term health and well-being for Black and Latine youth post-release.
Examining Social Work Education
Authors: Hostetter Carol , Decker Valerie D.
Published: February 2025

This issue contains 11 articles by 40 authors, both national and international. The majority are empirical papers, using qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods. More than one article presents a case study, which gives me an opportunity to promote this methodology. One of my first research projects was a case study of the child welfare system in the State of Indiana, as we were asked to focus only on Indiana’s system (Barton et al., 2006). In my role as editor of Advances in Social Work, I see many manuscripts that are in-depth studies of a department, classroom, or grant program, for example. These provide detailed information about a particular context in a “real-world” setting, thus receive the designation of case study.
Celtic Cultural Identity in the Late Iron Age
Authors: Beier Samantha Lynn
Published: February 2025

Celtic-speaking peoples were once distributed across a vast territory from Europe
to southwest Asia in the Middle and Late Iron Age. For example, the movement of
some of these Celtic peoples, the Galatians, from Europe to Anatolia may be
responsible for the appearance of new cultural practices that have been observed
at two communities in the region during the Hellenistic period/Late Iron Age
(ca. 300-100 BCE). Burial practices are one cultural practice that can be
observed archaeologically in order to further investigate the migration of the
Galatians and other Celtic tribes. Human interments in pits are found across
Europe and central Anatolia. These pits are characterized by the interment of
either whole or partial bodies, usually within grain storage pits. This research
compares these pit burials across three different regions: Britain (United
Kingdom), western Europe (France), and central Anatolia (Türkiye) to assess
similarities and differences. In particular, the presence or absence of
artifacts, animal remains, and perimortem trauma are analyzed for continuity. In
addition, the minimum number of individuals and paleodemography of the burial
pits are discussed. Fisher’s exact test comparing presence/absence of artifacts
and perimortem trauma between the different regions suggests that there are not
significant differences across all three regions for these burial aspects. A
chi-square test comparing presence/absence of animal remains resulted in a
significant p-value, meaning that there are significant differences between all
three regions. There have been many interpretations about who is represented in
these burials, including sacrifice victims, captives, or individuals with unique
social status. These hypotheses are difficult to test given the available data,
but overall, it appears that there is some continuity in burial practices
regarding human interments in storage pits across these regions, suggesting that
this practice was brought into other regions through migration.
Exploring Creative Economy Policy Change in United States Cities
Authors: Bubb Matilda Rose
Published: February 2025

The creative economy is a relatively new policy arena focusing on the consumption
and production of culture and cultural products, urban development and
placemaking, intellectual property protection, entrepreneurship and innovation,
tourism, sustainability, and social impact. Despite its documented growth in
U.S. cities in the past twenty years, we know very little about how these policy
innovations spread, or about who advocates for them. To contribute to public
policy research and the creative economy sector, I ask the following overarching
question: How are emerging creative economy policy innovations spread,
adopted and implemented in cities identified as highly creative in the
United States? To expand on this foundational question, I ask a
series of supporting questions aiming to explore related problems, policy
solutions, policy actors, barriers, and implementation methods. I deploy a
qualitative methodology, conducting semi-structured interviews with 27
purposefully selected cultural and creative economy leaders in 13 U.S. cities.
Using NVivo coding software I analyze the data through the theoretical lenses of
Diffusion Theory, Multiple Streams Framework and Complexity Theory. I find that
no single theory is sufficient to explain how creative economy policy is made,
although they each theory capture some aspects. I present 4 primary findings
with supportive sub-findings. My research project contributes to the public
policy field by extending the application of theories in a sector where they
have not previously been applied together. It contributes to the creative
economy field by exploring how multiple theories contribute to understanding the
ways policy innovations spread and are adopted in this sector.
Multi-Scale Ocean Modeling Using the Discontinuous Galerkin Method
Authors: Gahounzo Yao
Published: February 2025

Ocean models often employ the hydrostatic assumption for large-scale applications
when the horizontal scale is larger than the depth. Nonetheless, the
non-hydrostatic effects are of great importance in submesoscale studies, such as
modeling the physical processes of ice-ocean interactions. Most non-hydrostatic
ocean models used in ice-ocean interaction studies are low-order
finite-difference and finite-volume methods, often with significant dispersive
errors. Therefore, there is a need for a high-order ocean model for ice-ocean
interaction applications.

The first part of this thesis focuses on deriving the boundary conditions at the
ice-ocean interface and incorporating them into the high-order discontinuous
Galerkin (DG) method-based ocean model, the Non-hydrostatic Unified Model of the
Ocean (NUMO). This coupling empowers the NUMO model to be used by climate
scientists to conduct accurate simulations of ice-ocean interactions. We provide
evidence of NUMO's precision in capturing small-scale processes at the ice-ocean
interface and validate our findings with published results. This work provides
an understanding of how the interaction between ice and ocean can lead to
changes in basal melting, which has significant implications for the calving of
the ice sheet and ocean circulation within the fjords in Greenland.

In the second part of the thesis, we develop a high-order unstructured DG-based
hydrostatic model using multilayer shallow water equations for large-scale
applications. We derived and developed high-order numerical schemes based on the
nodal DG method. We demonstrate the correctness and accuracy of the model on
well-balance and perturbation of baroclinic wave propagation problems. We
validate our model through a comparison with the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model
(HYCOM) for wind-driven double-gyre circulations in different configurations.
Our hydrostatic model produces accurate results and resolves more dynamic
features at the same resolution as in HYCOM as we increase the polynomial order
approximation. We show that this model can be used to study large-scale ocean
systems, enabling multi-dynamics simulations and improving the accuracy of ocean
forecasts.
A Survey of the Classification of 1-Dimensional Shift Systems
Authors: Miller Jacob
Published: February 2025

The one-dimensional full shift over a finite set A is the
collection of bi-infinite sequences of symbols in A together
with the left-shift map which shifts the indexing of the
sequence. A shift space is a subset of a full shift defined by a collection of
forbidden blocks, i.e., finite words which are not allowed
to appear. Many shift spaces arise as the set of bi-infinite walks on a labeled
graph, and many dynamical systems can be encoded as shift spaces where the
dynamics are replaced by the left-shift map.

We introduce shift spaces and their basic properties, then discuss the
classification of 1-dimensional shift spaces, the notion of conjugacy via
sliding block codes, and several conjugacy invariants. We end with some
exploration into the structure of the kernel of a sliding block code and its
relationship to the image shift space.
Contributing Factors That Affect the Perception of Canis
lupus, the Grey Wolf, in Idaho
Authors: Prokop Karl Michael
Published: February 2025

Human-wildlife coexistence has become a hot topic of late, especially in the case
of the grey wolf, where there are generally two distinct camps; those that
strongly support wolf conservation and those that strongly support wolf
eradication. This research explores the factors influencing a person’s
perception of the wolf. Some previous research suggests that formal education
may be one important factor, where more formal education leads to more positive
perceptions of the wolf. Other factors, such as geographic location (e.g., urban
versus rural), have also been proposed as important contributors to wolf
perception. While studies of these factors have been conducted around the US, no
study has explored these factors in Idaho. This constitutes a gap in the
literature. This research explores four research questions: 1) Does formal
education influence wolf perception? 2) Does geographic location influence wolf
perception? 3) Does one’s personal experience with wolves influence wolf
perception? And finally, given the evolutionary history of wolves and dogs, does
dog ownership lead to a more positive wolf perception? Through an online and
mailed survey, over 100 participants from varying locations (e.g., remote,
rural, suburban, and urban) provided information on their opinions of
wolf-related conservation. A second survey investigated whether dog ownership
might influence wolf perception. Results show that formal education does not
affect wolf perception in Idaho. However, geographic location has a strong
effect, where rural and remote participants have a significantly more negative
perception of wolves. Further analyses exploring whether this was due to
personal experience found no significant effect of personal experience on wolf
perception, suggesting a strong effect of cultural attitudes. Finally, the
second survey showed a significant effect of dog ownership on having a more
positive perception of wolves. However, due to a small sample of rural
residents, caution is warranted. Results gathered here will contribute to
efforts to engage diverse stakeholders in dialogue around human-wolf
coexistence.
Getting Comfortable
Authors: Ramos-Duke Mary
Published: February 2025

This multiple case study explores how two elementary mathematics teachers made
themselves and their students comfortable with the teacher delegating authority
to students while also positioning them with agency. I conducted three
Video-Stimulated Recall (VSR) interviews and pre- and post-semi-structured
interviews with each teacher to understand their practices and thoughts about
moments in their teaching related to authority and agency. The presented
theoretical framework focused on three factors possibly contributing to the
comfort of teachers and students when teachers delegate authority to students
while positioning them with agency: getting to know the students by (a)
understanding students’ thinking, (b) accounting for students’ knowledge,
culture, and language, and (c) tending to students’ emotions in tandem with
mathematics instruction. The results indicated that while one teacher was quite
comfortable delegating authority and positioning students with agency, the other
teacher had some reservations. Additionally, the results demonstrated that
teachers sought to make themselves and their students comfortable with teachers
delegating authority and positioning students with agency by taking the time to
think and getting to know their students by understanding their students’
thinking, accounting for students’ knowledge and language, and tending to
students’ emotions.
Numerical Simulation of the Atmospheric Lamb Waves Generated by the Hunga
Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Eruption Using a Shallow Water Approximation
Authors: Tropea Augustus
Published: February 2025

On January 15th, 2022 around 04:05 UTC the undersea volcano Hunga Tonga-Hunga
Ha’apai located near the South Pacific island of Tonga violently erupted, and a
large amount of energy was released into the atmosphere. The atmospheric
disturbances generated by this event were detected by equipment all around the
world. Analysis of this data revealed that some of these atmospheric
disturbances were Lamb waves generated by the volcanic eruption. Previous works
have successfully modeled these types of waves by using a shallow water
approximation. Here we present results for the homogeneous shallow water
equations at earth scale using high resolution finite volume methods and
adaptive mesh refinement. We also model the source terms needed for the shallow
water approximation of the Lamb waves generated by the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai
eruption.
A study to assess the effectiveness of prone position on afterpains among postnatal women admitted in postnatal wards in Government Doon Medical College and Hospital Dehradun, Uttarakhand
Authors: Megha  , Mohanta Bijaya
Published: February 2025

Background: Afterpains are the irregular, spasmodic pains experienced in the lower abdomen between two and four days after delivery. The uterus contracts after delivery as it returns approximately to its pre-pregnancy size and position, resulting in these abdominal cramps.
Methods: Quasi experimental, non-equivalent control group pre-test-post-test design was used to conduct the study at govt. Doon medical college and hospital, Dehradun. A total of 70 primi postnatal women were taken by using non-probability purposive sampling technique, following particular inclusion and exclusion criteria. The duration of the data collection was 4 weeks, from June 2023 to July 2023. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyse the collected data.
Results: The study revealed that the mean±SD of level of pain was 3.00±1.572 in experimental group and 4.89±1.183 in control group. The mean difference was 1.886 and calculated t=5.672 and p=.00001 hence the results is significant at p<0.001 level.
Conclusions: It is concluded that after intervention there was significant difference between the pre-test level of afterpains and post-test level of afterpains in experimental group compared to control group.
Fetomaternal outcome of newly detected thyroid disorders among pregnant women in tertiary care hospital: a cross sectional study
Authors: Selvam Shanmuga Sundari Panneer , Shivanna Manjunatha , Krishnegowda Ragupathi , Rangaswamy Suma H.
Published: February 2025

Background: Thyroid hormones are vital for fetal development and maternal health. Both overt and subclinical thyroid disorders can lead to complications like miscarriage, preterm labor, and neonatal issues. Identifying newly detected thyroid disorders in pregnancy is crucial for improving outcomes for both mothers and babies.
Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated pregnant women newly diagnosed with thyroid disorders at a tertiary care hospital. Data on thyroid function, pregnancy complications, and neonatal health were collected and analyzed to assess the impact of these disorders. The findings aimed to enhance diagnostic methods and patient care.
Results: In our study, out of 150 cases, 148 were subclinical hypothyroidism, and 2 were subclinical hyperthyroidism. Subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy was associated with PPH (0.7%), preeclampsia (21.3%), preterm labor (9.3%), GDM (6.7%), IUD (3.3%), neonatal death (2.7%), prematurity (12.7%), LBW (21.3%), NICU admission (28%), congenital anomalies (2%), and neonatal hypothyroidism (11.3%). These findings were consistent with other studies; however, the number of hyperthyroid cases in our study was insufficient for a thorough outcome analysis.
Conclusions: Thyroid disorders during pregnancy can negatively impact both maternal and fetal outcomes, underscoring the need for routine antenatal thyroid screening.
Study of maternal near miss cases at a tertiary centre
Authors: E. Tejaswini , Dhaded Sujatha , Anjum Mehvish , Humera Aisha
Published: February 2025

Background: When evaluating the quality of a women's health care system, maternal mortality serves as a sentinel occurrence. Since death rates are steadily declining, attention is now being paid to maternal near misses, which characterize severe maternal morbidity and have a shared pathway with mortality.
Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study carried out in department of obstetrics and gynaecology of Khaja Banda Nawaz University- Faculty of medical sciences, over six months. All women who fulfil the World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria of Maternal Near Miss (MNM) were included in the study. Relevant demographic and obstetric, further course and events leading to maternal near miss were studied. Finally, the indices like maternal near miss incidence ratio, maternal near miss: maternal mortality ratio and mortality index were calculated.
Results: Total 124 women were recognized as near-miss instances out of 812 deliveries that occurred at our institution throughout the 6 months research period. The prevalence of near-miss case was 2.56%. The maternal near-miss to death ratio was 124:2, and the maternal near-miss ratio was 155 per 1000 live births. The most frequent cause of maternal near misses was obstetric haemorrhage, which occurred in 44.1% of cases, while the most prevalent medical co-morbidity was hypertensive condition of pregnancy (60.1%). Referral cases made up the majority of the cases (79.2%).
Conclusions: Analysing maternal near-miss incidents provides valuable insight into our healthcare system. Peripheral emergency obstetric care training contributes to a decrease in maternal morbidity overall and lessens the strain on healthcare system.
Maternal and fetal outcomes in overweight and obese pregnant women
Authors: Shetty Isha , Nandan Neetha
Published: February 2025

Background: The prevalence of obesity among child bearing age women is rising in India and it has adverse implications on mother and fetus. The aim of this study is to assess impact of overweight and obese mothers on antenatal, intrapartum, postpartum and neonatal outcomes.
Methods: It is an observational hospital-based study. Pregnant women were categorized into three groups depending on their body mass index (BMI)–normal (BMI–18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI–25.0–29.9 kg/m2) or obese (BMI>40 kg/m2). Antepartum, intrapartum, postpartum and neonatal complications were noted.
Results: Out of 104 women, 36 each were in normal and overweight group and 32 were in obese group. Obese and overweight women had higher rate of caesarean section (68.8% and 44.4%) compared to normal group (30.6%, P-value – 0.006). Failed induction rate was more in obese and overweight women (12.5% and 11.1%) compared to normal group (2.8%) but not statistically significant. Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) was high in normal group (36.1%, P-value–0.040). Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia requiring NICU admission was significantly high in overweight and normal group (P-value–0.000). Gestational diabetes and hypertension were comparatively more in obese and overweight group but not statistically significant.
Conclusions: Women who are obese and overweight pregnant women have increased risk for caesarean section and have higher rate of failed induction. They have higher tendency to develop gestational diabetes and hypertension in pregnancy. Postpartum hemorrhage was high in normal BMI women. Neonatal intensive care admissions for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were high in overweight and normal BMI women.
A cross-sectional study to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of contraceptive implants at tertiary care hospital in Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Authors: Vachhani Smitul A. , Parikh Tithi B. , Shah Dhruvi H. , Shah Dhruv S. , Vekariya Nikhar P. , Vaishnav Gunvant D. , Kapadia Shital N.
Published: February 2025

Background: The aim of our study were to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding contraceptive implants methods, the acceptance of implants and to find association between the various socio-demographic factors and the awareness about implants.
Methods: A questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted among the female client coming to the Family Planning Out-Patient Department (OPD) of Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of a tertiary care-Medical college hospital in Ahmedabad. Sample size came out to be 200 based on time bound systemic sampling method.
Results: Mean age of client is 27.14 years. Out of the 200 respondents, only 62.5% were aware about one of contraceptive method and about 17% had heard about contraceptive implants. 58% women believe that contraception should be used by every woman. 15% women felt that implants were safe and should be promoted. Only about 50 % (half) of the sample population used some form of contraception. 12 participants in our study used implants and 4 of them experienced irregular menstrual cycle. Religion, education and gravidity are significantly associated with the awareness of contraceptive implants.
Conclusions: To conclude, significant improvement needs to be brought by Govt. of India and state Govt., in the awareness by information, education and communication (IEC material) and acceptance of contraception in general and implants in specific. Specific regional loopholes must be searched and identify and targeted to improve the overall acceptance and improving reproductive health of women.
A rare case of ectopic pregnancy: cornual pregnancy following salpingectomy
Authors: Jaafar Wissal , Medemagh Malek , Souilah Selma , Mohamed Chayma Cheikh , Fekih Ichrak Ben , Godcha Samar , Khalifa Nahed , Mourali Mechaal
Published: February 2025

The implantation of a fertilized egg outside the uterine cavity is known as an ectopic pregnancy, and usually occurs in the fallopian tubes. Few cases, have been reported where implantation has occurred in atypical sites. We report the case of an ectopic pregnancy that occurred in the residual stump after salpingectomy. It seems that a pregnancy implanted in this location is very uncommon, making correct diagnosis difficult. This paper includes a brief description of the case, a review of the different diagnostic and therapeutic methods available to this day, and a brief review of the literature.
Fournier’s gangrene secondary to marsupialization of Bartholin’s gland: a case report
Authors: Ramirez Luis F. , Moyano Maria I. , Viteri Diego F. , Puente Leonardo A.
Published: February 2025

We present the case of a 38-year-old patient without risk factors, who presented with Fournier’s gangrene secondary to marsupialization of Bartholin´s gland. Fournier´s gangrene is an extremely rare complication after the instrumented management of Bartholin´s gland abscess. The case aims to explore further evidence regarding the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and timely management of these surgical complication, due to its rapid progression it can compromise the patient´s life.
Case study on heterotopic pregnancy
Authors: Surti Sejal Devendrakumar
Published: February 2025

Heterotopic pregnancy (HP) is a rare, life–threatening condition due to the occurrence of pregnancies in at least two different implantation sites at the same time. The diagnostic dilemma often ends up in delayed treatment. This case report signifies the vitality in considering the possibility of heterotopic pregnancy, the need for precise ultrasound examinations, and timely intervention to reduce feto-maternal mortality.
Primary ovarian leiomyoma: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Agrawal Vipasha S. , Golawar Kanchan S. , Shrigiriwar Mansi , Khade Archana
Published: February 2025

Primary ovarian leiomyoma is an uncommon entity accounting for 0.5-1%of all tumors and 4% of all the ovarian neoplasms. Ovarian leiomyoma is a benign, smooth muscle, solid tumors that occur in women aged 20-56 years. Because of its benign nature the prognosis for patient is good. A case of primary ovarian leiomyoma in a pre-menopausal female is to be presented here. A 49 years old female, married for 24 years came to gynaecology out-patient department with complaints of lower abdominal pain and abnormal uterine bleeding without dysmenorrhea and soakage of 4-5 pads per day since 1 month. On per abdomen examination non-tender firm to hard mass of 16 weeks gravid uterus size with regular margins, per speculum examination revealed cervicitis, per vaginal examination revealed the same mobile mass in left fornix and the uterus found to be normal size and to be deviated toward right side. CA-125 level found to be 10.71 and ultrasonically an ovarian mass of size 10×8×4 cm was revealed. The decision of total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was taken. The histopathology of ovarian mass confirmed to be the diagnosis of primary ovarian leiomyoma. This report highlights a case of primary ovarian leiomyoma in a pre-menopausal woman with a postoperative pathology report as a definitive diagnosis.
The rare Ogilvie's syndrome during pregnancy with scrub typhus and dengue co-infection
Authors: Nazreen  , B. Hiremath P. , Sekar Sindhujha , Kalaivani
Published: February 2025

Ogilvie’s syndrome is a syndrome characterized by symptoms suggestive of intestinal obstruction without any mechanical cause. Otherwise known as acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO). This condition is very uncommon, however it is very important to recognize it at the earliest, as it increases the risk of mortality and morbidity if left untreated. It is mostly seen post traumatic or post operative. Though commonly seen associated with post caesarean section, rarely seen during the period of pregnancy. The treatment is fundamentally conservative, but the need of surgical management has also been reported in severe cases. Here, we describe the rare Ogilvie’s syndrome in young pregnant term female that continued to progress despite appropriate treatment.
A peri appendicular abscess presenting as tubo ovarian mass
Authors: S. Prathyusha K. S. , B. Hiremath P. , R. Indu N. , D. Shaheen F. S. , M. Jayashree
Published: February 2025

An appendicular abscess represents the most prevalent complication associated with acute appendicitis, particularly occurring between the fifth and tenth day after an appendix has perforated. This abscess may manifest in either the retroperitoneal space or the peritoneal cavity. Approximately 8% of patients report epigastric pain, 15% experience generalized abdominal discomfort, while 70% present with localized pain in the periumbilical area. Furthermore, around 95% of individuals exhibit alterations in bowel habits, reduced appetite, nausea, and vomiting. A tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) refers to an abscess that develops within the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, and it is a significant concern arising from pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Not all instances of TOA are associated with PID; infections may also stem from gastrointestinal sources or an ascending vaginal infection. Between 15% and 35% of women treated for confirmed PID are subsequently diagnosed with a TOA. The majority of individuals affected by TOA are within the childbearing age group. Among sexually active women of reproductive age, the estimated lifetime prevalence of self-reported PID is approximately 4.4%. TOAs are generally polymicrobial, with common pathogens including Peptostreptococcus, Bacteroides fragilis, and Escherichia coli.
Non-obstetric traumatic vulval hematoma in a teenage girl
Authors: Pandit Mahima , Hansda Rosalin , Mondal Prasanta Kumar
Published: February 2025

Few occurrences of non-obstetric vulvar haematomas have been documented in the literature, making them uncommon. For their treatment, there are no clinical recommendations. Most of the time, they can be managed conservatively, but occasionally, surgery will be required. We describe the surgically treated patient who had a traumatic vulvar haematoma.
Challenges in cyto-diagnosis: a report of 2 interesting cases of pseudomyxoma peritonei
Authors: Kale Gauri U. , P. Mahure Shital , M. Bhat Dharitri , Helwatkar Satish B.
Published: February 2025

Diffuse intra-abdominal gelatinous or mucinous ascites is commonly known as pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). It is a clinical entity rather than a histological diagnosis and usually results from peritoneal dissemination of mucus producing neoplasms most frequently from the appendix and rarely other GIT tumours. Since ascites may be the first symptom, cytologists may face diagnostic challenges in mucinous ascites. We present two cases of mucinous ascites in elderly females, in which thick, sticky, gelatinous fluid was received for cytological examination. After correlation of cytological examination findings with clinical and radiological features, diagnosis of disseminated peritoneal adenomucinosis was made which was later confirmed by fluid cell block with IHC studies.
Isolated sixth cranial nerve palsy as the first manifestation of pre-eclampsia with twin pregnancy-case report and review of literature
Authors: Ramnani Vinita , Samadhiya Richa , Mishra Devanshi , Trivedi Divya , Ramnani Sakshi
Published: February 2025

Sixth cranial nerve palsy can occur either during or after gestation, and is often associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. We report a case of a 39-year-old hypertensive primigravida with a twin pregnancy, who suddenly developed double vision in her second trimester. She was diagnosed to have isolated sixth cranial nerve palsy in her left eye. Her anterior and posterior segment examination, as well neurological imaging, were found to be entirely within normal limits. She was subsequently admitted with severe pre-eclampsia and haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome, and managed conservatively. The prognosis is usually favorable in such cases, with the palsy resolving as the blood pressure normalizes after delivery. This case demonstrates isolated abducens nerve palsy as the first sign of pre-eclampsia at 30 weeks of gestation.