bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of β-blocker use in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a propensity-matched analysis
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Debabrata , Bajaj Navkaranbir S. , Zein Joe , Minai Omar A. , Dweik Raed A.
Published: May 2015

The utility and safety of β-blockers in pulmonary hypertension is controversial. Anecdotal reports suggest that β-blockers may be harmful in these patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate outcomes of β-blocker use in pulmonary hypertension.

We reviewed patients from our pulmonary hypertension registry between 2000 and 2011. Patients who continued to use β-blockers were compared to those who never used β-blockers for all-cause mortality, time to clinical worsening events, defined as death, lung transplantation and hospitalisation due to pulmonary hypertension. We also evaluated the effect of β-blockers on 6-min walking distance and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class.

133 patients used β-blockers and 375 patients never used β-blockers. Mean±sdage was 57±16 years and the median follow-up period was 78 months. Propensity-matched analysis showed that the adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for mortality with β-blocker use was 1.13 (0.69–1.82) and for clinical worsening events was 0.96 (0.55–1.68). No significant difference was noted in probability of survival and time to clinical worsening events. Patients on β-blockers walked a shorter distance on follow-up 6 min walk test; follow-up NYHA class was similar between groups.

Pulmonary hypertension patients receiving β-blockers had a similar survival and time to clinical worsening events compared to patients not receiving them. Functional outcomes were similar, although β-blocker use was associated with a tendency towards shorter walking distance.
Haemoptysis in adults: a 5-year study using the French nationwide hospital administrative database
Authors: Abdulmalak Caroline , Cottenet Jonathan , Beltramo Guillaume , Georges Marjolaine , Camus Philippe , Bonniaud Philippe , Quantin Catherine
Published: May 2015

Haemoptysis is a serious symptom with various aetiologies. Our aim was to define the aetiologies, outcomes and associations with lung cancer in the entire population of a high-income country.

This retrospective multicentre study was based on the French nationwide hospital medical information database collected over 5 years (2008–2012). We analysed haemoptysis incidence, aetiologies, geographical and seasonal distribution and mortality. We studied recurrence, association with lung cancer and mortality in a 3-year follow-up analysis.

Each year, ∼15 000 adult patients (mean age 62 years, male/female ratio 2/1) were admitted for haemoptysis or had haemoptysis as a complication of their hospital stay, representing 0.2% of all hospitalised patients. Haemoptysis was cryptogenic in 50% of cases. The main aetiologies were respiratory infections (22%), lung cancer (17.4%), bronchiectasis (6.8%), pulmonary oedema (4.2%), anticoagulants (3.5%), tuberculosis (2.7%), pulmonary embolism (2.6%) and aspergillosis (1.1%). Among incident cases, the 3-year recurrence rate was 16.3%. Of the initial cryptogenic haemoptysis patients, 4% were diagnosed with lung cancer within 3 years. Mortality rates during the first stay and at 1 and 3 years were 9.2%, 21.6% and 27%, respectively.

This is the first epidemiological study analysing haemoptysis and its outcomes in an entire population. Haemoptysis is a life-threatening symptom unveiling potentially life-threatening underlying conditions.
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, smoking and lung function in adults: the HUNT Study
Authors: Larose Tricia L. , Brumpton Ben M. , Langhammer Arnulf , Camargo Carlos A. , Chen Yue , Romundstad Pål , Mai Xiao-Mei
Published: May 2015

The association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and lung function changes in the general population remains unclear.

We conducted cross-sectional (n=1220) and follow-up (n=869) studies to investigate the interrelationship of serum 25(OH)D, smoking and lung function changes in a random sample of adults from the Nord-Trøndelag Health (HUNT) Study, Norway.

Lung function was measured using spirometry and included forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) % predicted, forced vital capacity (FVC) % pred and FEV1/FVC ratio. Multiple linear and logistic regression models estimated the adjusted difference in lung function measures or lung function decline, adjusted odds ratios for impaired lung function or development of impaired lung function and 95% confidence intervals.

40% of adults had serum 25(OH)D levels <50 nmol·L−1. Overall, those with a serum 25(OH)D level <50 nmol·L−1showed worse lung function and increased odds of impaired lung function compared to the ≥50 nmol·L−1group. These associations tended to be stronger among ever-smokers, including greater decline in FEV1/FVC ratio and greater odds of the development of impaired lung function (FEV1/FVC <70% OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2–4.9). Associations among never-smokers were null. Results from cross-sectional and follow-up studies were consistent. There were no associations between serum 25(OH)D levels and lung function or lung function changes in never-smokers, whereas significant associations were observed in ever-smokers.
Transcriptome profiling of the spl5 mutant reveals that SPL5 has a negative role in the biosynthesis of serotonin for rice disease resistance
Authors: Jin Bin , Zhou Xinru , Jiang Baolin , Gu Zhimin , Zhang Pinghua , Qian Qian , Chen Xifeng , Ma Bojun
Published: May 2015

Background

Rice mutant,spl5(spotted leaf 5), has spontaneous hypersensitive-like lesions on its leaves and shows enhanced resistance to pathogens, indicating thatSPL5plays a role in programmed cell death (PCD) and disease resistance. To understand the molecular mechanism ofSPL5gene, we investigated the transcriptome profiles of thespl5mutant leaves with few lesions (FL) and leaves with many lesions (ML) compared to the wild-type (WT) leaves respectively by microarray.

Results

The data from microarray revealed that 243 and 896 candidate genes (Fold change ≥ 3.0) were up- or down-regulated in thespl5-FL andspl5-ML, respectively, and a large number of these genes involved in biotic defense responses or reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism. Interestingly, according to our microarray and real-time PCR assays, the expressions of a transcription factorOsWRKY14and genes responsible for the biosynthesis of serotonin, anthranilate synthase (AS), indole-3-glycerolphosphate synthase (IGPS), tryptophan synthase (TS) and tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) were significantly up-regulated in thespl5mutant. It has been reported previously thatTSandTDCexpressions are regulated byOsWRKY14in rice, which raises the possibility thatOsWRKY14regulates serotonin production through the up-regulation ofTSandTDC. Our HPLC analysis further confirmed that serotonin levels were higher in the leaves ofspl5mutant than that in WT.

Conclusions

Since the serotonin plays a critical role in inducing disease-resistance, the increased serotonin level may contribute, at least partly, to the disease resistance inspl5. TheSPL5gene may act as a negative regulatory factor activating the serotonin metabolic pathway, and these results might provide a new insight into thespl5-induced defense response mechanisms in plants.
mTOR, a New Potential Target for Chronic Pain and Opioid-Induced Tolerance and Hyperalgesia
Authors: Lutz Brianna Marie , Nia Sam , Xiong Ming , Tao Yuan-Xiang , Bekker Alex
Published: May 2015

Chronic pain is a major public health problem with limited treatment options. Opioids remain a routine treatment for chronic pain, but extended exposure to opioid therapy can produce opioid tolerance and hyperalgesia. Although the mechanisms underlying chronic pain, opioid-induced tolerance, and opioid-induced hyperalgesia remain to be uncovered, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is involved in these disorders. The mTOR complex 1 and its triggered protein translation are required for the initiation and maintenance of chronic pain (including cancer pain) and opioid-induced tolerance/hyperalgesia. Given that mTOR inhibitors are FDA-approved drugs and an mTOR inhibitor is approved for the treatment of several cancers, these findings suggest that mTOR inhibitors will likely have multiple clinical benefits, including anticancer, antinociception/anti-cancer pain, and antitolerance/hyperalgesia. This paper compares the role of mTOR complex 1 in chronic pain, opioid-induced tolerance, and opioid-induced hyperalgesia.
Allele-specific binding of ZFP57 in the epigenetic regulation of imprinted and non-imprinted monoallelic expression
Authors: Strogantsev Ruslan , Krueger Felix , Yamazawa Kazuki , Shi Hui , Gould Poppy , Goldman-Roberts Megan , McEwen Kirsten , Sun Bowen , Pedersen Roger , Ferguson-Smith Anne C.
Published: May 2015

Background

Selective maintenance of genomic epigenetic imprints during pre-implantation development is required for parental origin-specific expression of imprinted genes. The Kruppel-like zinc finger protein ZFP57 acts as a factor necessary for maintaining the DNA methylation memory at multiple imprinting control regions in early mouse embryos and embryonic stem (ES) cells. Maternal-zygotic deletion of ZFP57 in mice presents a highly penetrant phenotype with no animals surviving to birth. Additionally, several cases of human transient neonatal diabetes are associated with somatic mutations in the ZFP57 coding sequence.

Results

Here, we comprehensively map sequence-specific ZFP57 binding sites in an allele-specific manner using hybrid ES cell lines from reciprocal crosses between C57BL/6J and Cast/EiJ mice, assigning allele specificity to approximately two-thirds of all binding sites. While half of these are biallelic and include endogenous retrovirus (ERV) targets, the rest show monoallelic binding based either on parental origin or on genetic background of the allele. Parental-origin allele-specific binding is methylation-dependent and maps only to imprinting control differentially methylated regions (DMRs) established in the germline. We identify a novel imprinted gene, Fkbp6, which has a critical function in mouse male germ cell development. Genetic background-specific sequence differences also influence ZFP57 binding, as genetic variation that disrupts the consensus binding motif and its methylation is often associated with monoallelic expression of neighboring genes.

Conclusions

The work described here uncovers further roles for ZFP57-mediated regulation of genomic imprinting and identifies a novel mechanism for genetically determined monoallelic gene expression.
A multi-label approach to target prediction taking ligand promiscuity into account
Authors: Afzal Avid M , Mussa Hamse Y , Turner Richard E , Bender Andreas , Glen Robert C
Published: May 2015

Background

According to Cobanoglu et al., it is now widely acknowledged that the single target paradigm (one protein/target, one disease, one drug) that has been the dominant premise in drug development in the recent past is untenable. More often than not, a drug-like compound (ligand) can be promiscuous – it can interact with more than one target protein.

In recent years, inin silicotarget prediction methods the promiscuity issue has generally been approached computationally in three main ways: ligand-based methods; target-protein-based methods; and integrative schemes. In this study we confine attention to ligand-based target prediction machine learning approaches, commonly referred to astarget-fishing.

Thetarget-fishingapproaches that are currently ubiquitous in cheminformatics literature can be essentially viewed as single-label multi-classification schemes; these approaches inherently bank on the single target paradigm assumption that a ligand can zero in on one single target. In order to address the ligand promiscuity issue, one might be able to casttarget-fishingas a multi-label multi-class classification problem. For illustrative and comparison purposes, single-label and multi-label Naïve Bayes classification models (denoted here by SMM and MMM, respectively) fortarget-fishingwere implemented. The models were constructed and tested on 65,587 compounds/ligands and 308 targets retrieved from the ChEMBL17 database.

Results

On classifying 3,332 test multi-label (promiscuous) compounds, SMM and MMM performed differently. At the 0.05 significance level, a Wilcoxon signed rank test performed on the paired target predictions yielded by SMM and MMM for the test ligands gave a p-value < 5.1 × 10−94and test statistics value of 6.8 × 105, in favour of MMM. The two models performed differently when tested on four datasets comprising single-label (non-promiscuous) compounds; McNemar’s test yieldedχ2values of 15.657, 16.500 and 16.405 (with corresponding p-values of 7.594 × 10−05, 4.865 × 10−05and 5.115 × 10−05), respectively, for three test sets, in favour of MMM. The models performed similarly on the fourth set.

Conclusions

The target prediction results obtained in this study indicate that multi-label multi-class approaches are more apt than the ubiquitous single-label multi-class schemes when it comes to the application of ligand-based classifiers totarget-fishing.
A numerical homogenization method for heterogeneous, anisotropic elastic media based on multiscale theory
Authors: Gao Kai , Chung Eric T. , Gibson Richard L. , Fu Shubin , Efendiev Yalchin
Published: May 2015

The development of reliable methods for upscaling fine-scale models of elastic media has long been an important topic for rock physics and applied seismology. Several effective medium theories have been developed to provide elastic parameters for materials such as finely layered media or randomly oriented or aligned fractures. In such cases, the analytic solutions for upscaled properties can be used for accurate prediction of wave propagation. However, such theories cannot be applied directly to homogenize elastic media with more complex, arbitrary spatial heterogeneity. Therefore, we have proposed a numerical homogenization algorithm based on multiscale finite-element methods for simulating elastic wave propagation in heterogeneous, anisotropic elastic media. Specifically, our method used multiscale basis functions obtained from a local linear elasticity problem with appropriately defined boundary conditions. Homogenized, effective medium parameters were then computed using these basis functions, and the approach applied a numerical discretization that was similar to the rotated staggered-grid finite-difference scheme. Comparisons of the results from our method and from conventional, analytical approaches for finely layered media showed that the homogenization reliably estimated elastic parameters for this simple geometry. Additional tests examined anisotropic models with arbitrary spatial heterogeneity in which the average size of the heterogeneities ranged from several centimeters to several meters, and the ratio between the dominant wavelength and the average size of the arbitrary heterogeneities ranged from 10 to 100. Comparisons to finite-difference simulations proved that the numerical homogenization was equally accurate for these complex cases.
A staggered discontinuous Galerkin method for the simulation of seismic waves with surface topography
Authors: Chung Eric T. , Lam Chi Yeung , Qian Jianliang
Published: May 2015

Accurate simulation of seismic waves is of critical importance in a variety of geophysical applications. Based on recent works on staggered discontinuous Galerkin methods, we have developed a new method for the simulations of seismic waves, which has energy conservation and extremely low grid dispersion, so that it naturally provided accurate numerical simulations of wave propagation useful for geophysical applications and was a generalization of classical staggered-grid finite-difference methods. Moreover, it could handle with ease irregular surface topography and discontinuities in the subsurface models. Our new method discretized the velocity and the stress tensor on this staggered grid, with continuity imposed on different parts of the mesh. The symmetry of the stress tensor was enforced by the Lagrange multiplier technique. The resulting method was an explicit scheme, requiring the solutions of a block diagonal system and a local saddle point system in each time step, and it was, therefore, very efficient. To tailor our scheme to Rayleigh waves, we developed a mortar formulation of our method. Specifically, a fine mesh was used near the free surface and a coarse mesh was used in the rest of the domain. The two meshes were in general not matching, and the continuity of the velocity at the interface was enforced by a Lagrange multiplier. The resulting method was also efficient in time marching. We also developed a stability analysis of the scheme and an explicit bound for the time step size. In addition, we evaluated some numerical results and found that our method was able to preserve the wave energy and accurately computed the Rayleigh waves. Moreover, the mortar formulation gave a significant speed up compared with the use of a uniform fine mesh, and provided an efficient tool for the simulation of Rayleigh waves.
From core analysis to log-based pay identification in the Delaware Basin Wolfcamp Formation
Authors: Hennenfent Gilles , Hegmann Mary , Harris Cole , Schwartz Ken
Published: May 2015

Pay in tight-rock reservoirs is often associated with organic richness. The assumption is that the low permeabilities of the source rock do not allow for the migration of the hydrocarbon generated during the thermal maturation process. If core data are available, the water saturation, porosity, and total organic carbon (TOC) measurements can be used to confirm that the resource in place is correlated with the organic matter, which impacts the log characterization of pay. We studied the Wolfcamp A, Wolfcamp C, and Wolfcamp D tight-rock reservoirs using seven wells with core data through the Delaware Basin Wolfcamp Formation and discussed appropriate log-based pay identification methods. The linear relationship between TOC and original hydrocarbon in place (OHIP) for samples in the Wolfcamp C and D intervals validated the hypothesis of a self-sourced reservoir. We adopted the well-established correlation between TOC and formation bulk density to identify the better part of the Wolfcamp C and D reservoirs. Our core data suggested to use a bulk density of [Formula: see text] or less to define pay. The lack of trend in the scatterplot of TOC and OHIP for samples in the Wolfcamp A interval indicated that the hydrocarbon had probably migrated, at least on a local scale. In this case, pay could not be identified by log techniques developed to calculate TOC in organic-rich rocks. Instead, we built an OHIP model based on a quad combo logging suite using an ensemble learning method. This model favorably compared with a TOC-based pay flag against production logging data from two vertical producers with stages through the Wolfcamp A interval.
Popjihadism: Why Young European Muslims Are Joining the Islamic State
Authors: Franz Barbara
Published: May 2015

Thousands of young Europeans have joined the jihad. This essay looks at the reasons why the holy war is so popular among this cohort. While failed integration policies and widespread online media recruitment remain crucial for understanding this popularity, these explanations alone are too simplistic. Personal knowledge of other young fighters and fundamentalist imams, a lack of guidance resulting from the absence of fathers, trauma, and a kind of “outsiderism” akin to the one seen among early Nazi recruits in the 1920s are also similarities found in many of the young volunteers’ biographies.
The Middle Eastern Relations of Cyprus and Malta: From Independence to Nonalignment to the European Union
Authors: Bishku Michael B.
Published: May 2015

Cyprus and Malta are small Mediterranean states located on the periphery of Europe that have had unusual political affiliations following independence from Great Britain in 1960 and 1964, respectively. Historically and culturally they have had Middle Eastern connections. Cyprus was the scene of Arab settlement and later Ottoman rule, and today one-fifth of the population is Muslim Turkish, while the rest is predominantly Greek Orthodox. Malta was under direct Arab rule and its language is Semitic in origin, although its population today is almost exclusively Roman Catholic. Both countries used membership in the Non-Aligned Movement and later their connections with the European Union to gain leverage in foreign relations with more powerful states, especially in matters involving the Mediterranean region. During the Cold War and its aftermath, their ties with Middle Eastern neighbors have also brought economic benefits and a greater sense of security without their having to join military alliances.
US Policy, Azerbaijan, and the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict
Authors: Blank Stephen
Published: May 2015

Even as the world focuses on Ukraine, Washington has conspicuously ignored resolute action to resolve existing conflicts in the Caucasus, in particular the so-called frozen conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh. Here, Washington has refused to see that Russia is playing a malignant role in perpetuating the conflict and has refused to act on its own to help prevent either a new Russian domination of the Caucasus or a new war. Indeed, Washington sees Moscow as playing a constructive role. As a result, US relations with Azerbaijan and Baku’s willingness to take heed of American lectures on human rights have all suffered.
Intraflagellar transport 27 is essential for hedgehog signaling but dispensable for ciliogenesis during hair follicle morphogenesis
Authors: Yang Ning , Li Li , Eguether Thibaut , Sundberg John P. , Pazour Gregory J. , Chen Jiang
Published: May 2015

Hair follicle morphogenesis requires precisely controlled reciprocal communications, including hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Activation of the Hh signaling pathway relies on the primary cilium. Disrupting ciliogenesis results in hair follicle morphogenesis defects due to attenuated Hh signaling; however, the loss of cilia makes it impossible to determine whether hair follicle phenotypes in these cilia mutants are caused by the loss of cilia, disruption of Hh signaling, or a combination of these events. In this study, we characterized the function of Ift27, which encodes a subunit of intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex B. Hair follicle morphogenesis of Ift27-null mice was severely impaired, reminiscent of phenotypes observed in cilia and Hh mutants. Furthermore, the Hh signaling pathway was attenuated in Ift27 mutants, which was in association with abnormal ciliary trafficking of SMO and GLI2, and impaired processing of Gli transcription factors; however, formation of the ciliary axoneme was unaffected. The ciliary localization of IFT25 (HSPB11), the binding partner of IFT27, was disrupted in Ift27 mutant cells, and Ift25-null mice displayed hair follicle phenotypes similar to those of Ift27 mutants. These data suggest that Ift27 and Ift25 operate in a genetically and functionally dependent manner during hair follicle morphogenesis. This study suggests that the molecular trafficking machineries underlying ciliogenesis and Hh signaling can be segregated, thereby providing important insights into new avenues of inhibiting Hh signaling, which might be adopted in the development of targeted therapies for Hh-dependent cancers, such as basal cell carcinoma.
Interspecific in vitro assay for the chimera-forming ability of human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Masaki Hideki , Kato-Itoh Megumi , Umino Ayumi , Sato Hideyuki , Hamanaka Sanae , Kobayashi Toshihiro , Yamaguchi Tomoyuki , Nishimura Ken , Ohtaka Manami , Nakanishi Mahito , Nakauchi Hiromitsu
Published: May 2015

Functional assay limitations are an emerging issue in characterizing human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). With rodent PSCs, chimera formation using pre-implantation embryos is the gold-standard assay of pluripotency (competence of progeny to differentiate into all three germ layers). In human PSCs (hPSCs), however, this can only be monitored via teratoma formation or in vitro differentiation, as ethical concerns preclude generation of human-human or human-animal chimeras. To circumvent this issue, we developed a functional assay utilizing interspecific blastocyst injection and in vitro culture (interspecies in vitro chimera assay) that enables the development and observation of embryos up to headfold stage. The assay uses mouse pre-implantation embryos and rat, monkey and human PSCs to create interspecies chimeras cultured in vitro to the early egg-cylinder stage. Intra- and interspecific chimera assays with rodent PSC lines were performed to confirm the consistency of results in vitro and in vivo. The behavior of chimeras developed in vitro appeared to recapitulate that of chimeras developed in vivo; that is, PSC-derived cells survived and were integrated into the epiblast of egg-cylinder-stage embryos. This indicates that the interspecific in vitro chimera assay is useful in evaluating the chimera-forming ability of rodent PSCs. However, when human induced PSCs (both conventional and naïve-like types) were injected into mouse embryos and cultured, some human cells survived but were segregated; unlike epiblast-stage rodent PSCs, they never integrated into the epiblast of egg-cylinder-stage embryos. These data suggest that the mouse-human interspecies in vitro chimera assay does not accurately reflect the early developmental potential/process of hPSCs. The use of evolutionarily more closely related species as host embryos might be necessary to evaluate the developmental potency of hPSCs.
Phospholamban overexpression in mice causes a centronuclear myopathy-like phenotype
Authors: Fajardo Val A. , Bombardier Eric , McMillan Elliott , Tran Khanh , Wadsworth Brennan J. , Gamu Daniel , Hopf Andrew , Vigna Chris , Smith Ian C. , Bellissimo Catherine , Michel Robin N. , Tarnopolsky Mark A. , Quadrilatero Joe , Tupling A. Russell
Published: May 2015

Centronuclear myopathy (CNM) is a congenital myopathy that is histopathologically characterized by centrally located nuclei, central aggregation of oxidative activity, and type I fibre predominance and hypotrophy. Here, we obtained commercially available mice overexpressing phospholamban (PlnOE), a well-known inhibitor of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases (SERCAs), in their slow-twitch type I skeletal muscle fibres to determine the effects on SERCA function. As expected with a 6-7-fold overexpression of PLN, SERCA dysfunction was evident in PlnOE muscles with marked reductions in rates of Ca2+ uptake, maximal ATPase activity and the apparent affinity of SERCA for Ca2+. However, our most significant discovery was that the soleus and gluteus minimus muscles from the PlnOE mice displayed overt signs of myopathy histopathologically resembling human CNM with centrally located nuclei, central aggregation of oxidative activity, type I fibre predominance and hypotrophy, progressive fibrosis, and muscle weakness, a phenotype that is associated with significant up-regulation of muscle sarcolipin and dynamin 2 content, increased Ca2+-activated proteolysis, oxidative stress, and protein nitrosylation. Moreover, in our assessment of muscle biopsies from three human CNM patients, we found a significant 53% reduction in SERCA activity and trending increases in both total and monomeric PLN content compared to five healthy subjects, thereby justifying future studies with more CNM patients. Altogether our results suggest that the commercially available PlnOE mouse represents a novel mouse model phenotypically resembling human CNM and may be used to test potential mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. To date there is no cure for CNM and our results suggest that targeting SERCA function, which has already been shown to be an effective therapeutic target for murine muscular dystrophy and human cardiomyopathy, may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to combat CNM.
The contractome – a systems view of actomyosin contractility in non-muscle cells
Authors: Zaidel-Bar Ronen , Zhenhuan Guo , Luxenburg Chen
Published: May 2015

Actomyosin contractility is a highly regulated process that affects many fundamental biological processes in each and every cell in our body. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we mined the literature and databases to map the contractome of non-muscle cells. Actomyosin contractility is involved in at least 49 distinct cellular functions that range from providing cell architecture to signal transduction and nuclear activity. Containing over 100 scaffolding and regulatory proteins, the contractome forms a highly complex network with more than 230 direct interactions between its components, 86 of them involving phosphorylation. Mapping these interactions, we identify the key regulatory pathways involved in the assembly of actomyosin structures and in activating myosin to produce contractile forces within non-muscle cells at the exact time and place necessary for cellular function.
The Resource Identification Initiative: A cultural shift in publishing
Authors: Bandrowski Anita , Brush Matthew , Grethe Jeffery S. , Haendel Melissa A. , Kennedy David N. , Hill Sean , Hof Patrick R. , Martone Maryann E. , Pols Maaike , Tan Serena , Washington Nicole , Zudilova-Seinstra Elena , Vasilevsky Nicole ,   Resource Identification Initiative Members are listed here: https://www.force11.org/node/4463/members
Published: May 2015

A central tenet in support of research reproducibility is the ability to uniquely identify research resources, i.e., reagents, tools, and materials that are used to perform experiments. However, current reporting practices for research resources are insufficient to allow humans and algorithms to identify the exact resources that are reported or answer basic questions such as “What other studies used resource X?” To address this issue, the Resource Identification Initiative was launched as a pilot project to improve the reporting standards for research resources in the methods sections of papers and thereby improve identifiability and reproducibility. The pilot engaged over 25 biomedical journal editors from most major publishers, as well as scientists and funding officials. Authors were asked to include Research Resource Identifiers (RRIDs) in their manuscripts prior to publication for three resource types: antibodies, model organisms, and tools (including software and databases). RRIDs represent accession numbers assigned by an authoritative database, e.g., the model organism databases, for each type of resource. To make it easier for authors to obtain RRIDs, resources were aggregated from the appropriate databases and their RRIDs made available in a central web portal (www.scicrunch.org/resources). RRIDs meet three key criteria: they are machine readable, free to generate and access, and are consistent across publishers and journals. The pilot was launched in February of 2014 and over 300 papers have appeared that report RRIDs. The number of journals participating has expanded from the original 25 to more than 40. Here, we present an overview of the pilot project and its outcomes to date. We show that authors are generally accurate in performing the task of identifying resources and supportive of the goals of the project. We also show that identifiability of the resources pre- and post-pilot showed a dramatic improvement for all three resource types, suggesting that the project has had a significant impact on reproducibility relating to research resources.
Administrative and legal regulation of creation of educational institutions in the Russian Federation
Authors: Кочерга Светлана , Kocherga Svetlana , Братановская Милена , Bratanovskaya Milena
Published: May 2015

The article reveals the questions of administrative and legal features of creation of educational institutions in Russia. The authors analyze the precepts of law relating to the initiating the creation of institutions of higher education by public education authorities and investigate the positions of the leading jurists on this issue. On the basis of the conducted research the authors propose the organizational and legal measures to improve the national education system.
Utmost North needs a complex nature usage
Authors: Сиваков Дмитрий , Sivakov Dmitriy
Published: May 2015

The author speaks with anxiety about problems of economic development of Russian Arctic. These problems include imbalance between industrial and transportation usage at one side and traditional nature usage at another. Approaches of doctrine, ideas of legal science are revealed. Short review of Canadian experience is presented. In a vein of forming special legal mode (or modes) of natural usage and nature conservation in the North, all levels of power shall rouse interest, stimulate and motivate rational development of natural wealth of Russian Arctic oriented on waste-free and low-waste technologies. The author supports the development of mechanisms of private-public partnership.
Delimitation of terrorism from other related crimes
Authors: Ткаченко Виталий , Tkachenko Vitaliy , Ткаченко Сергей , Tkachenko Sergey
Published: May 2015

The article deals with the problematic issues of delimitation of terrorism from related crimes. The analysis of definitions of terrorism, criminal liability ratios and material consequences for the act of terrorism, sets out detailed criteria for differentiation from related terrorism offences.
The problems of bringing to justice those responsible for the errors and mistakes in the state real estate cadastre
Authors: Землякова Галина , Zemlyakova Galina
Published: May 2015

This article analyzes practice of application of measures of administrative and criminal liability to the cadastral engineers and officials of body of the cadastral account for mistakes in data on the land plots containing in the State cadastre of the real estate, and also norms of current legislation regulating features of application of civil liability to the federal budgetary institution which is carrying out functions of body of the cadastral account.
Legal aspects of realization provisions of the Constitutional Assembly
Authors: Виноградова Полина , Vinogradova Polina
Published: May 2015

The subject of research is the legal status of the Constitutional Assembly, whose powers include the consideration of questions the constitutional system, which are defined the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation valid until 2020 as Russia´s national interests in the long term. In this article we focus on problems of realization provisions of the Constitutional Assembly, substantiates the necessity of the adopting the special law in order to regulate the functioning the necessity constitutional authority. The review of legislative initiatives on this issue is provided herein below. In order to ensure the effective functioning of the Constitutional Assembly the author has offered to settle the procedure for amending the Chapters 1, 2 and 9 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Conclusions promote maintaining legal and institutional mechanism for ensuring national interests by regulating the convening and functioning of the Constitutional Assembly.
Narody Kraju Rad
Authors: Duda Katarzyna
Published: May 2015

The nations of Soviet Union. The coexistence and distraction of cultures (the literary output of Ludmila Ulitskaya)

After the October Revolution different nations were forced to live together on the area of totalitarian Soviet Union. Their history got worse after the Second World War when Soviet soldiers and especially Stalyn were considered as winners and in this way they cold “colonise” new countries. Their citizens wanted to regain freedom in the 60’s and 70’s od twentieth century. They were called dissidents. One of the most famous modern Russian writers who presents these subject matters is Ludmila Ulitskaya – the representative of new realism whose books have been translated into 25 languages. In her novels and short stories she concentrates mainly on the silmilarities and differences between The Russians and other nations being under communistic control. Ulitskaya shows that some of them wanted to keep their identity by looking after their own tradition, religion, customs. The novelist tries to prove that it is possible to coexist with each other if you respect different habits and culture and if you desire to communicate with others using constructive dialogue.
Współczesne kino francuskie wobec pamięci postkolonialnej
Authors: Kamecka Małgorzata
Published: May 2015

Contemporary French Cinema Facing Postcolonial Memories

For years little has been said the French public discourse about North and West African contribution to the World War II efforts, the sacrifice in blood of their soldiers was mentioned only rarely and occasionally. However, filmmakers embraced this topic unfamiliar to the public. Rachid Bouchareb – a French director of Algerian descent – is one of them. His film Indigènes (2006) is a tribute of sorts to the “forgotten heroes”, who have lost their lives fighting Germans in the south of France and later Alsace. By portraying four soldiers, the artist poses important questions regarding topics such as ethnicity, equality, discrimination, and racism, but also that of being forsaken, leaving an emptiness in the collective mind of a nation. The author describes the attitude of contemporary French filmmakers towards the postcolonial past and themes of ethnicity, concentrating on a film by Rachid Bouchareb. The picture seems to be especially relevant from the point of mutual relations between ethnicity, the politics and culture.
Flamandowie i Walonowie – dwa narody w jednym państwie: polityczne i kulturowe dylematy Belgów
Authors: Klepka Rafał
Published: May 2015

Flemings and Walloons – Two Nations in One State: the Political and Cultural Dilemmas of the Belgians

Belgium often is of interest to social scientists and the public. This is not merely a consequence of the fact that Brussels is the political heart of Europe. Difficulties with the appointment of the government, the extreme multi‑party system, disputes about the competence of Communities and Regions, the gradual social and cultural divergence between the Flemish and the Walloons are only the most important problems of modern Belgium. Initially, monolingual, through Flemish Movement’s activities, Belgium became a state that recognizes Dutch. Successive reforms have resulted in federalisation of the state. These changes do not resolve the problems of Belgium. Cultural diversity and political instability still provoke questions about the future of Belgium.
Pamięć jako narzędzie walki w konfliktach etnicznych
Authors: Szczecińska-Musielak Ewa
Published: May 2015

Is Social Memory used as a Weapon in Ethnic Conflicts? Northern Ireland Casus

In case of ethnic conflicts, groups may use memories or symbols of casualties or events which happened during conflict, as a specific symbolic weapon. Weapon addressed to the opponent, usually “the other” group defined as “enemy”, but inthe same time as a message addressed to “my” group. Visual displays of Ulster conflict – murals, flags and emblems, painted kerbstones – have been used not only to create patterns of social memory and remembering but also social‑ethnic group identity. These visual displays play significant role in constructing Belfast landscape and Belfast “ethnic identity”.
The “Peter Pan Syndrome” in Emerging Markets: The Productivity-Transparency Trade-off in IT Adoption
Authors: Sudhir K. , Talukdar Debabrata
Published: May 2015

Firms invest in technology to increase productivity. Yet in emerging markets, where a culture of informality is widespread, information technology (IT) investments leading to greater transparency can impose a cost through higher taxes and the need for regulatory compliance. The tendency of firms to avoid productivity-enhancing technologies and remain small to avoid transparency has been dubbed the “Peter Pan Syndrome.” We examine whether firms make the trade-off between productivity and transparency by examining IT adoption in the Indian retail sector. We find that computer technology adoption is lower when firms are motivated to avoid transparency. Specifically, technology adoption is lower when there is greater corruption, but higher when there is better enforcement and auditing. So, firms have a higher productivity gain threshold to adopt computers in corrupt business environments that suffer from patchy and variable enforcement of the tax laws. Not accounting for this motivation to hide from the formal sector underestimates productivity gains from computer adoption. Thus, in addition to their direct effects on the economy, enforcement, auditing, and corruption can have indirect effects through their negative impact on adoption of productivity-enhancing technologies that also increase operational transparency.
Nas malhas da rede com Clarice Lispector... aproximações entre a escrita clariceana e a escrita na TAR
Authors: Lomba Débora Emanuelle Nascimento , Quadros Laura Cristina de Toledo , Soares Luciana Loyola Madeira
Published: May 2015

Neste artigo pretendemos trazer ditos e escritos de Clarice Lispector para uma interlocução com a Teoria Ator-Rede (TAR), de Bruno Latour. Em nossos encontros, formais ou informais na UERJ, percebemos que com frequência a esta escritora recorremos nas referências e ilustrações ao estudo da TAR a que temos nos dedicado na pós-graduação em Psicologia Social (PPGPS). De acordo com a própria Clarice, não tivemos a presunção de explicá-la ou interpretá-la - apenas segui-la e explicitar as conexões com o que faz pesquisador da TAR ao compor seu texto. Dedicamo-nos a ampliar o diálogo entre nós e Clarice, percorrendo prazerosamente os meandros de sua inspiradora escrita através da maneira singular e plena de afetos com que articula atores humanos e não humanos, criando uma relação de intimidade com o leitor.
O modelo de tratamento das comunidades terapêuticas: práticas confessionais na conformação dos sujeitos
Authors: Fossi Luciana Barcellos , Guareschi Neuza Maria de Fátima
Published: May 2015

Este artigo aborda a especificidade do tratamento nas comunidades terapêuticas bem como seus efeitos na produção dos sujeitos usuários de substâncias psicoativas através da análise de projetos de tratamento de quatro comunidades terapêuticas, disponíveis na internet. A partir do Plano Integrado de Enfretamento ao Crack, publicado pelo governo federal em 2010, a política pública para drogas no Brasil incluiu o tratamento em comunidades terapêuticas, através de financiamento público, como uma estratégia de cuidado para os usuários de álcool e outras drogas. Assim, apresentamos a estrutura e o funcionamento dessas instituições bem como seu modelo de tratamento para os usuários de drogas, baseado na metodologia dos doze passos dos Alcoólicos Anônimos. Apontamos, dessa forma, as práticas de confissão no tratamento para usuários de drogas, como a articulação entre a moral religiosa e as tecnologias de disciplina e a biopolítica na conformação do modelo de atenção à saúde nesse contexto.
Psicologia e políticas inclusivas na Educação: contribuições de uma leitura Bakhtiniana
Authors: Pan Miriam Aparecida Graciano de Souza , Zugman Maiana Jugend
Published: May 2015

A inclusão constitui-se discurso dominante nas práticas contemporâneas de educação, sendo um desafio aos profissionais da Psicologia. Este trabalho apresenta uma análise de uma prática de intervenção do psicólogo em uma escola pública de Curitiba. Tem por objetivo refletir sobre a dimensão intersubjetiva das práticas escolares configuradas pelas políticas de inclusão e as contradições presentes no enfrentamento destas políticas, a partir dos pressupostos bakhtinianos, entendendo-se a escola enquanto instituição imersa na totalidade social e histórica, produzida simbolicamente pelo princípio do dialogismo. Foram analisados registros e materiais produzidos em 2004 e 2005. Os resultados evidenciaram relações ensurdecidas na escola, caracterizadas pela prevalência do monologismo, presente nos discursos dos atores da instituição em todos os níveis. A prática analisada apontou um método de intervenção e investigação, visando escutar e fazer circular vozes, produzindo, na arena de vozes, formas de reconhecimento da ruína das relações de alteridade. As dimensões ética e política da intervenção apresentaram-se como forma de enfrentamento das contradições presentes nos discursos da inclusão.
A violência como tema transversal aos estudos sobre a deficiência: interconexões necessárias
Authors: Wanderer Aline , Pedroza Regina Lúcia Sucupira
Published: May 2015

A violência é um importante tema transversal aos estudos sobre a deficiência. Quando exercida contra pessoas com deficiência, liga-se a elementos de estigmatização, quebra do direito ao pleno desenvolvimento e consequente exclusão social. Neste trabalho, por meio de análise crítica da literatura, problematiza-se a concepção de uma vulnerabilidade necessariamente aumentada desses sujeitos a sofrerem violência em razão de uma condição assumida como sendo inerente a eles, para localizar a temática no âmbito das relações interpessoais, familiares, comunitárias e institucionais. A psicologia deve contribuir para construir políticas públicas que atuem no enfrentamento à violência contra pessoas com deficiência, concebendo seu desenvolvimento como processo contínuo, dinâmico, não delimitado a priori e qualitativamente diferenciado, em que exercem papel ativo. É essencial uma educação para os direitos e a cidadania, bem como a ação do Estado na criação de instâncias de cuidado, em sentido amplo.
Sentidos e significados do trabalho: dos impedimentos às possibilidades do trabalho de pessoas com deficiências
Authors: Paiva Juliana Cavalcante Marinho , Bendassolli Pedro Fernando , Torres Camila Costa
Published: May 2015

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a relação das pessoas com deficiências e seu trabalho. Especificamente, buscou-se identificar os sentidos e significados atribuídos ao trabalho, e descrever os impedimentos da atividade concreta e as estratégias desenvolvidas para sua superação. Esse objetivo é inspirado na perspectiva teórica sócio-histórica e nas teorias da atividade, clínica da atividade em particular. A pesquisa foi realizada com 16 servidores de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior - IES, tratando-se de um estudo multi-métodos sequencial, transversal de orientação qualitativa, com utilização de técnicas de entrevista narrativa e criação fotográfica. Os resultados demonstraram o trabalho sendo caracterizado como uma necessidade, fonte de prazer, reconhecimento, socialização. Os impedimentos estiveram mais relacionados às condições ambientais da atividade, do que propriamente à condição da deficiência. Conclui-se que o acesso ao trabalho é uma importante ferramenta de inclusão social de pessoas com deficiência, e, nesse sentido, leis de reserva de vaga cumprem seu papel.
Pré-ativação: o efeito priming nos estudos sobre o comportamento do consumidor
Authors: Pacheco Junior José Carlos Schaidhauer , Damacena Cláudio , Bronzatti Rafael
Published: May 2015

O efeito priming (pré-ativação) vem sendo estudado pela neuropsicologia e psicologia social há aproximadamente 50 anos, estando relacionado ao modo como um estímulo inicial pode afetar as respostas de um indivíduo a estímulos subsequentes, sem que exista consciência do mesmo sobre tal influência.A partir dos anos 90, passou a ser alvo de pesquisas também no âmbito do comportamento do consumidor (CC), constituindo-se de importante variável nos trabalhos voltados ao inconsciente humano e na compreensão das influências que as pessoas sofrem durante o processo de tomada de decisão. Considerando a diversidade de conceitos relacionados ao priming existentes, este artigo utiliza de uma revisão de literatura para discutir os principais e organizar as informações relativas ao seu uso perante o CC, com foco em situar os estudos existentes e auxiliar pesquisadores interessados no assunto em novas pesquisas. Percebe-se que os estudos de marketing em geral vêm utilizando a pré-ativação de três formas distintas: como instrumento, como objeto de estudo e como meio para ação dos elementos de marketing. Ainda, algumas questões sobre o tema permanecem em aberto, demandando mais estudos a respeito de seu funcionamento.