bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHATEAUBRIAND ET GAUTIER : ARPENTEURS DE KAMCHATKA OU LARBINS DESCRIPTIFS?
Authors:   Université d’Hawaï, Manoa, États-Unis, GARNEAU DE L’ISLE-ADAM Marie-Christine Alix
Published: May 2022

If Theophile Gautier had doubts about his work and was afraid of being considered as a “descriptive stooge” by posterity, it is because he was aware that, among the “great geniuses” who were “frightfully swarming” during his time, all of them wouldn’t survive as surveyors of “Kamchatka” such as Chateaubriand or Baudelaire. On the one hand, as a poet, Gautier didn’t have the fame of Hugo or Musset during his time, or as a novelist, the fame of Balzac or Sand. On the other hand, his creation of ballets and his articles on his travels made him famous. However, literary critics have paid only attention to his poetry and his novels. They have neglected his articles on his trips, and in particular The Journey in Russia, although this journey may have been one of the most important works according to him, and judging from its length and quality. Thanks to examples taken from The Journey in Russia never explored before, the current paper shows the influence on Gautier exerted by Chateaubriand, creator of the “literary journey” and surveyor himself of the other side of the Kamchatka: America.
Development of the Educational Game Scale
Authors: Gungor Tuba Aydin , Isci Cenan , Demirci Sedef Celik
Published: May 2022

In recent years, the importance of educational games for students is increasing. Therefore, the points of view of students about educational games are among the issues that gain importance. In this study, a scale was developed that determines students’ perceptions of educational games. For this purpose, after a literature review, a 33-item question pool was created by a field specialist. The draft scale was prepared and applied to 445 students studying at secondary school, and after that exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was applied to the obtained data. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, 10 items collected under 2 factors explained 55.71% of the total variance. These factors were grouped as ‘mental adaptation’ and ‘physical adaptation’. The Cronbach-Alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale, which was finalized by factor analysis, was found to be α = 0.90. These results show that the scale is valid and reliable. Analysis results show that the developed scale can be used to determine students’ perceptions about educational games.
Autoantibodies in Females Exposed to Indoor Air Dampness Microbiota and Complaining of Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity- The Case Control Report
Authors: Tuuminen Tamara , Katz Itai , Vaali Kirsi , Heidecke Harald , Halpert Gilad , Amital Howard , Shoenfeld Yehuda
Published: May 2022

We hypothesized that prolonged or cumulative exposure to indoor air dampness microbiota in moisture-damaged buildings and daily exposure to wireless telecommunication devices would potentiate the risk of electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS), which is poorly defined. We performed a nested comparative analysis within an age- and sex-matched study of females who were exposed to dampness microbiota with self-reported complaints compatible with EHS (n=11). Their levels of autoantibodies towards 13 different autoantigens were measured. EHS presented as multiple chemical sensitivity, profound fatigue, memory disturbances in all subjects (11/11), and cognitive impairment in the majority (9/11). When comparing the patients to controls, no difference was detected between the levels of the following autoantibodies: angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1), endothelin receptor type A (ETAR), adrenergic receptors α1AR, α2AR, β1AR, β2AR and cholinergic muscarinic receptors m1AChR, m2AChR, m3AChR and m5AChR. In contrast, IgG levels towards m4AChR and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), and IgM autoantibodies against glycosylated moieties of heparan and heparan sulphate (TS-HDS) were significantly decreased in the study cohort, p=0.008; p=0.032, p<0.001, respectively. This is the first report demonstrating an imbalance in the nervous system autoantibodies in patients with EHS. The clinical significance of these altered responses remains to be clarified.
An in house qPCR System to Evaluate Transcripts Stimulated by an Immune Innate Agonist (CIGB2020) during the Covid19 Pandemic Scenario
Authors: Aguiar Jorge , Angel Silva José , Gel Omar , Estrada Regla , Freyre Freya , Rodríguez Chabeli , Pentón Eduardo , Guillén Gerardo , Cesar Aguilar Julio
Published: May 2022

Background: A low cost and simple real-time PCR method to quantify different transcripts in human samples is a need in most developing countries. A quantitative real-time PCR assay to evaluate the relative RNA expression stimulation of specific transcripts during the Pandemic COVID19 scenario was developed at the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology in Havana, using a commercial amplification system with standards and specific primers that are produced in house. Methods: Oro-pharyngeal scrape samples from patients that were treated previously with an innate immune agonist, the CIGB2020, were employed to RNA purification, cDNA synthesis, and evaluation of different gene transcripts by the in house qPCR assay using different standard curves constructed with specific primers that amplify a pool of the own evaluated transcripts. Results: Preliminary results showed a typical standard curve from the in house qPCR system developed. A typical standard curve during the evaluation of the TLR3 gene transcript was described as example, and was calculated automatically by plotting the Ct values against each standard of known concentration, and the linear regression of this curve was also calculated as: M=-3.31641, B=42.73084, R=0.9516. It was also observed the influence of the CIGB2020 on the stimulation of the three toll like receptors from the innate immune system. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the in house qPCR system is useful to quantify the relative induction of the expression of several genes transcripts considered as immunological markers of the immune innate system
國小聽障生級任教師社會技能教學現況之研究
Authors: 劉人豪 劉人豪 , 程鈺雄 程鈺雄
Published: May 2022

本研究旨在探討國小聽障生級任教師社會技能教學現況，研究對象為台灣地區國小聽障生之級任教師，以各縣市為單位進行叢集抽樣。隨機寄出654份問卷進行調查，回收有效問卷512份，問卷回收率為78.28%。本研究發現如下： 一、國小聽障生級任教師進行社會技能教學的現況傾向中等以上的反應。 二、國小聽障生級任教師在進行社會技能教學時的整體教學現況不會因國小聽障 生之「性別」、「年級」、「左耳聽能輔具」、「右耳聽能輔具」、「家庭經濟狀況」、 「父親聽能狀況」、「母親聽能狀況」等變項的不同而在社會技能教學總量表 與三個分量表中有所差異；但在「教育安置方式」、「發現失聰年齡」、「聽覺 障礙程度」、「學業表現」、「主要溝通方式」方面呈現差異。 三、國小聽障生級任教師在社會技能教學三個分量表單題平均得分之差異，結果 最佳為「社會技能教學結果」、最劣為「社會技能教學過程」。 四、國小聽障生級任教師在社會技能教學三個分量表得分彼此間呈現中度之相關 程度。 五、不同背景變項國小聽障生對級任教師在社會技能教學之預測無具太大實質意 義。 六、國小聽障生級任教師的社會技能有效教學預測力分析中，以社會技能教學過 程最能進行預測。

 

This study aimed to investigate the current status of regular classroom teachers’ social skills teaching for elementary students with hearing impairment. The data were collected from regular class room teachers of elementary students with hearing impairment in Taiwan, using cluster sampling. The clusters were counties and cities. Among 654 random questionnaires, 512 were returned with response rate of 78.28%. The major things were as followed: 1. Teachers’ current status of social skills teaching for elementary students with hearing impairment tended to be above the average as a whole. 2. Teachers’ social skills teaching as well as the three subscale (objective, process and result of social skills teaching) were associated with elementary students’ with hearing impairment educational implements, age of deaf, impaired level of hearing retardation, academic achievement, and main communication method. 3. By comparing the scores of three subscale (objective, process and result of social skills teaching), it was shown that ‘the result of social skills teaching’ was the highest, while ‘the process’ was the lowest. 4. The correlations between the three subscales (objective, process and result) were around medium level. 5. The predictive effects of elementary students’ with hearing impairment backgrounds on teachers’ current social-skill-teaching situations were practically nonsignificant. 6. Regular classroom teachers’ effectiveness of social skills teaching could be predicted from the process of social skills teaching which was the best predictor among the three subscales.

 
Enhancing English-Speaking Skills for Food and Beverage Services for Tourism Students Through A Collaborative Learning
Authors: I Gede Astawa  , I Ketut Ardiasa
Published: May 2022

The collaborative learning approach has been widely used to improve the quality of learning in a variety of courses. This present study used the collaborative approach in English learning for the specific purpose of restaurant services. The research used a mixed-method. The research data were obtained from the result of pre-and post-performance tests, participant observation notes, and unstructured interview notes. There were 35 students involved as the sample and informants. The quantitative data obtained were calculated by using a t-test and the qualitative data obtained were analyzed using content analysis.  The significance value (2-tailed) of the implementation of the pre-test and post-test was 0.000 (p < 0.05). Thus, the results of the pre-and post-test experienced a significant change.  The students showed positive feedback toward the collaborative approach applied.  Based on the findings, collaborative learning could enhance both students’ English-speaking skills and job-related skills.
Nanomaterial’s synthesis, types and their use in Bioremediation and Agriculture
Authors: Kumar Praveen
Published: May 2022

The particle ranges between 1 to 100 nanometers in size is called a nanomaterial. The reduction in size results in to change in redox behaviour, thermodynamic property and internal cohesive forces of the resulted particle from its bulk. This enhances the delivery and interaction of the particle with the active site. These features of the matter are considered in the synthesis of nanomaterials either by the bottom-up or top-down approaches. Nanomaterials may be organic, inorganic, biogenic and natural depending on their process of formation. The smaller size of nanomaterials makes them useful to be utilized as sensors that can be easily deployed in remote locations. Currently, nanomaterials are being proved successful both in efficiency as well as cost-effective for agricultural production. The use of biologically synthesized nanomaterials has been increasing because of their stable, eco-friendly and cost-effective nature. Earlier studies have reported the influence of nanoparticles on plant growth and production. This review has focused on the application of nanomaterials as Nano-fertilizers, Nano-sensors, pollutant remediating, diseases detector, pathogen attack preventer, stress detector and precision farming techniques. Further, efforts have been made in describing that the biosynthetic route of nanomaterial synthesis could emerge as a better and safer option for environmental pollution reduction. Thus, nanoscience may increase agricultural production to feed a huge population in near future.
Deprem Kayıtlarından Elde Edilen Yatay/Düşey Spektral Oranların Ters Çözümüyle Kayma Dalga Hız Yapısının Belirlenmesi: Van Gölü Doğusu Örneği
Authors: ALKAN Hamdi , AKKAYA İsmail
Published: May 2022

Van Gölü doğusu farklı özellikteki aktif fayların varlığı sebebiyle deprem üretme potansiyeli yüksek olan bir bölgedir. Depremlere bağlı oluşan hasarların değerlendirilmesinde yeraltının fiziksel özelliklerinin ve deprem sırasındaki davranışının iyi bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Kayma dalgası hız değişimi ve anakaya derinliğinin belirlenmesi bu açıdan son derece önemlidir. Bu çalışmada 2011-2021 yılları arasında Van Gölü doğusunda meydana gelen ve farklı tipteki faylarda oluşmuş dokuz deprem verisinden yararlanılmıştır. 6 istasyonda kaydedilen depremler yatay-düşey spektral oran yöntemi ve Monte-Carlo ters çözüm algoritması ile analiz edilerek, kayma dalgası hız yapısı ve anakaya derinlikleri belirlenmiştir. İstasyonlar altında alüvyon birimlerinin kalınlığına bağlı olarak nispeten düşük frekans değerleri elde edilmişken, farklı kaya birimlerin varlığı baskın frekans değerlerini yükseltmiştir. Spektral oran eğrilerindeki farklı frekanslardaki pikler, jeolojik yapının özelliklerine bağlı olarak değişkenlik göstermiştir. İstasyon altı anakaya derinliği 10-350 m arasındadır. Artan anakaya derinlik seviyeleri yıkıcı depremlerin hasar oranını arttıran bir faktördür.
Monetisation of Fake News in the Cyber Domain: A Roadmap for Building Domestic and International Cyber Resilience
Authors: Usama Nizamani
Published: May 2022

The online domain has witnessed the proliferation of fake news in the past few years all over the world. This overwhelming amount of (dis)information has created incentives for the proliferators of fake news to benefit from ongoing political developments across the world, due to the courtesy of the existing model of online revenue generation on the Internet. The unregulated, liberal and open nature of the Internet has created an unintended consequence of incentive maximisation for fake news. This paper takes an analytical look at the relationship between revenue generation model in the cyber-domain and how content producers of fake news benefit from it. This paper postulates that the existing online advertisement model remains lucrative for fake news publishers particularly in regions such as South Asia. Its interplay with social media platforms enables further monetisation and spreading of fake news to Internet users. It analyses the relationship between these factors and suggests cross-sector solutions for de-incentivising and countering fake news in the cyber domain.
Covid-19 Sürecinde İşletmelerin Etik Dışı Davranışları
Authors: YILDIRIM Yıldırım , DOĞAN Talha
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Covid-19 sürecinin zorlayıcı etkilerinden işletmelerin ve tüketicilerin nasıl etkilendiğini ortaya koymak, bu süreçte işletmelerin uyguladığı etik dışı davranışları kavramsal bir model ile test etmektedir. Bu bağlamda işletmelerin etik dışı davranışları en çok fiyat artışları ile çalışan refahında azalma konularında gerçekleştirdikleri, kurumsal sosyal sorumluluğa ise daha fazla yatırım yaptıkları öne sürülmektedir. Ortaya konulan kavramsal model sonucunda işletmelerin fahiş fiyat artışı gerçekleştirdikleri ve haksız kazanç elde ettikleri anlaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışanlarını daha uzun sürelerle ama daha az ücretlerle çalıştırdıkları, azınlık gruplara yönelik uygun olmayan çalışma ortamı sundukları, çalışanlarını süresiz izin almaya zorlamaları ve toplu işten çıkarmalar yaptıkları yine kavramsal model sonucunda ortaya çıkan sonuçlardandır. Salgın sonrasında firma ve markaların tüketicilerin gözünde daha güvenilir ve sorumlu bir kişilik kazanmaları için kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk uygulamalarına ağırlık verdikleri söylenebilir. Henüz Türkçe yazında kapsamlı bir şekilde neredeyse hiç bahsedilmemiş olan, Covid-19 sürecinde işletmelerin sergiledikleri etik dışı davranışları ele almak ve işletmeler, markalar, çalışanlar ve müşteriler nezdinde ne gibi sonuçlara yol açtığını göstermek bu çalışmanın temel amaçlarındandır. Çalışma ile hem literatüre katkı sağlanması hem de çalışmanın Covid-19 pandemisinin firma ve markalara getirdiği finansal sorunları başarılı çalışan refahı ve kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk faaliyetleri ile aşmalarına yardımcı olması beklenmektedir.
Panduan Program HIV dan IMS Komprehensif dalam Situasi Krisis Kesehatan dan Kebencanaan di Tingkat Komunitas
Authors:   Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Harjana Ngakan Putu Anom , Mukuan Oldri Sherli ,   UNFPA Indonesia, Widihastuti Asti ,   UNFPA Indonesia, Sebayang Meirinda ,   Jaringan Indonesia Positif, Nita Sally ,   Jaringan Indonesia Positif, Abdurrakhman Iman ,   Jaringan Indonesia Positif, Wirawan Gede Benny Setia ,   Center for Public Health Innovation (CPHI), Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Wardhani Brigitta Dhyah Kunthi ,   Center for Public Health Innovation (CPHI), Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University
Published: May 2022

Panduan Program HIV dan IMS Komprehensif dalam Situasi Krisis Kesehatan dan Kebencanaan di Tingkat Komunitas berisi langkah dan teknis berkaitan dengan upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan HIV dan IMS di situasi krisis kesehatan, terutama oleh komunitas.
Dual mobility prosthesis in Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Eldin Elamir A. Mohei , Said Mahmoud M. , El Rahman Tharwat Abd , Abdelaziz Abdel Hamed , Zayad Mahmoud , Elfishawy Mohamed Ramadan
Published: May 2022

Background: With the increase in the number of total hip arthroplasty performed in the next decades to reduce or prevent medical and mechanical complications such as post operative THA instability Dual mobility was introduced as an alternative to standard sockets to reduce the risk of THA dislocation post operatively.(1) Aim of the work: to evaluate the hip joint function and stability after dual mobility total hip replacement using standard evaluation methods in 20 cases of hip problems. Patients and Methods: This study included 20 patients; 9 males and 11 females with a mean age 55.1 ± 14.1. All cases were identified to have one or more risk factor for dislocation after hip arthroplasty, 8 cases had previous hip surgeries, (4 hemiaarthroplasties, 2 previous THR and 2 internal fixation surgeries) and 12 cases had no previous hip surgeries. From the 20 cases 1 case was operated through posterior approach and 19 through lateral approach. Results: There were 2 complications in 2 cases, limb length discrepancy (2 cm longer in the operated side) and superficial infection, all of which are attributed to technical and patient’s factors rather than implant factor.
Orientación vocacional en jóvenes con consumos problemáticos
Authors: Álvarez Chamale Marcela , Di Francesco Vicente , Fernández María Emilia , Franco Saúl Tornello Franco Saúl Tornello
Published: May 2022

Este estudio trata de una investigación cualitativa desde la perspectivateórica del psicoanálisis realizada en Salta Capital, Argentina, enel período de los años 2018 y 2019 para la Universidad Católica deSalta en la cátedra Orientación Vocacional y Profesional de la carreraLicenciatura en Psicología. Se tuvo el propósito de conocer las característicasde los aspectos vocacionales presentes en un grupo de 12jóvenes en situación de consumos problemáticos, que al momentodel estudio tenían entre 20 a 30 años de edad. Estos participantesrealizaban tratamiento en el Centro de Integración y Tratamiento(CEDIT) y en el Programa Puente, ambos pertenecientes a la Secretaríade Adicciones del Gobierno de la Provincia de Salta.El objetivo del artículo es sentar algunas bases sobre la orientaciónvocacional para este tipo de poblaciones, además de cuestionar prejuiciossociales sobre los efectos de los consumos problemáticos enla subjetividad.Entre los principales hallazgos se encontró que los aspectos vocacionalesestán obturados por una dificultad para la representación delfuturo y la construcción del proyecto de vida. Posiblemente la relaciónque establece el sujeto con la sustancia de consumo intervieneen lo vocacional.
Relação diabetes tipo II e a prática de exercícios físicos
Authors: Sousa Bruno de Oliveira , Rabello Luis Gustavo , Touguinha Henrique Menezes , Marins Fernanda Ribeiro , Figueiredo Alan Peloso , Silva Patrick Costa Ribeiro
Published: May 2022

Este trabalho aborda o Diabetes tipo II e a prática de exercício físico. Tal abordagem é devida ao fato da importância do exercício físico no tratamento de diabetes podendo diminuir os riscos que o diabetes pode trazer ao longo da vida. O objetivo deste estudo é relacionar como o exercício físico pode ser uma ferramenta eficaz e segura para o tratamento e prevenção do diabetes tipo II. Este propósito foi conseguido através de revisão da literatura. De modo geral, a pesquisa demonstrou a eficácia do exercício físico em conjunto com o tratamento clínico do diabetes tipo II. Com a comparação dos programas de exercícios físicos foi observado que apesar do exercício aeróbico moderado ser o mais indicado para o tratamento do diabetes, o exercício resistido e combinado (aeróbico e treinamento de força), mostraram maior eficácia no controle glicêmico. Observou-se ainda, que diabéticos tratados com mudanças nos hábitos de vida saudável, incluindo o exercício físico, obtiveram melhores resultados que indivíduos diabéticos tratados apenas com fármacos.
Interval-valued intuitionistic quadripartitioned neutrosophic soft sets with T, F, C, and U as dependent neutrosophic components and their application in decision-making problem
Authors: DEBNATH Somen
Published: May 2022

Molodtsov introduced a soft set (SS) to model uncertainty parametrically, and Chaterjee et al. proposed the notion of quadripartitioned neutrosophic set (QNS) by dividing indeterminacy into two independent components, namely contradiction (C) and unknown (U). Afterwards, by combining the SS and QNS, a new concept known as quadripartitioned neutrosophic soft set (QNSS) is introduced. In relation to the concept of QNSS, another concept called interval-valued intuitionistic quadripartitioned neutrosophic soft set (in short IVIQNSS) is established to handle more complex indeterminate information parametrically with the restricted conditions. This paper aims to further generalize the existing soft models by introducing an IVIQNSS to explore another kind of imprecise knowledge. The IVIQNSS model can be viewed as a more flexible and powerful framework to encounter indeterminacy parametrically with T,F,C, and U as dependent interval quadripartitioned neutrosophic components where T,F,C,U⊆[0,1] such that sup⁡T+sup⁡F≤1, and sup⁡C+sup⁡U≤1. So, by using the IVIQNSS framework we are capable to address the indeterminate, inconsistent, and incomplete information more accurately. Different operations such as complement, AND, OR, union, intersection, etc. are defined on IVIQNSSs. Furthermore, an algorithm is constructed to solve decision-making (DM) problems based on IVIQNSS. Finally, an illustrative example is executed to validate the proposed study.
On the dynamical behaviors and periodicity of difference equation of order three
Authors: ALSULAMİ Ibraheem , ELSAYED Elsayed
Published: May 2022

The major target of our research paper is to demonstrate the boundedness, stability and periodicity of the solutions of the following third- order difference equation

$$

w_{n+1} = \alpha w_{n} +\frac {\beta+ \gamma w_{n_-2} }{\delta+\zeta w_{n-2}} , \;\;\;\; n = 0,1,2,\dots

$$

where $w_{-2}$, $w_{-1}$, and $w_{0} $ are arbitrary real numbers and the values $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$, $\delta$, and $\zeta$ are defined as positive constants.
Investigation of electricity produced in power plants and used for cooling buildings with a life cycle approach of carbon capture and storage technology
Authors: KON Okan , CANER İsmail
Published: May 2022

There are power plants that use different fuels and technologies to produce electricity that is consumed to cool the buildings in the summer period. These power plants emit Gases Harmful to the Environment and Human (GHEH) such as carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) as a result of the combustion of the fuels they use while producing electricity. In the study, the number of emissions to be released from the power plants that produce the electricity used for the cooling of the buildings was examined. Emission reduction due to carbon capture and storage system (CCS), which is one of the new technologies that reduce the released emissions, has been investigated. The use of CCS and the emissions from its use are compared. A long-term Life cycle emission assessment has been made. The annual amount of electrical energy in the buildings was determined according to the cooling degree-day method. In the coal-burning systems of Turkey (CCS), 0.187-0.120 kg/m2 CO2, 0.00040-0.00026 kg/m2 SO2, 0.000322-0.000206 kg/m2 NOx, 0.000014-0.000009 kg/m2 PM emissions have been determined. In natural gas burning systems using CCS, 0.090-0.058 kg/m2 CO2, 0.0000018-0.000012 kg/m2 SO2, 0.000527-0.000337 kg/m2 NOx, 0.000002-0.000001 kg PM emissions were determined.
A New moving average approach to predict the direction of stock movements in algorithmic trading
Authors: AYCEL Üzeyir , SANTUR Yunus
Published: May 2022

Moving averages and indicators derived from these averages are used to predict the future direction the stocks will move. In manual and algorithmic trading, moving averages play a decisive role in decision making. In this study, a new hybrid approach has been developed that can be used as an alternative to moving averages such as SMA, WMA and EMA used in the literature. In BIST30 stocks in Turkey, the proposed method performs better than widely used indicators such as MACD, Stochastic and RSI, commonly used in the literature.
Zingiber Diwakarianum (Zingiberaceae) - A new species from North Western Ghats, India
Authors: Singh R.
Published: May 2022

A new species, Zingiber diwakarianum, allied to Z. neesanum (J. Graham) Ramamoorthy, from North Western Ghats, India is described and illustrated.
Protection of workers’ personal data
Authors: Hendrickx Frank ,   International Labour Organization. Conditions of Work and Equality Department.
Published: May 2022

This working paper gives an overview of legal standards related to personal data protection. It explores trends, principles and good practices and brings them in relation to the world of work. The aim of this working paper is to give a global and updated outlook of the leading and basic legal principles and standards in this area. The focus is on data protection principles which have a general nature and which can be embedded in a global approach. This working paper attempts to expose and clarify general data protection principles, having in mind that these principles are applicable in the context of the evolving employment relationship, taking into account technological evolutions. An understanding of general data protection principles is considered necessary to comprehend their application in the work environment and to build further towards principles that relate to more specific areas and problem fields.
Major considerations of the dentist in the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer in hospitals: a systematic review
Authors: Lopes Geovana Martins , Mazza Grazieli Rodrigues Zanfolin , Nogueira Carolina de Cássia Gomes , Kassis Elias Naim
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Contemporary dental care must be comprehensive, aimed not only at dental treatment but also at assessing the patient's health status. Dentistry is of paramount importance in preventive actions against cancer in hospitals, given that oral cancers (OC) have a frequency of approximately 90% of cases in hospitals. Objective: It was to present, through a systematic review, the importance of the dental surgeon in the early diagnosis and prevention of oral cancer in the hospital environment. Methods: The present study followed a systematic review model, following the rules of systematic review – PRISMA. The search strategy was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 118 articles were found. A total of 67 articles were fully evaluated and 38 were included in this study. Based on the objective of the present study and on the literary findings, it became evident that the elaboration of the work by dentists in hospitals can enable early and effective treatment of patients with oral cancer. It also made it possible to discuss dentistry in general, address dental care in the hospital environment, and highlight the difficulties faced in its insertion in hospitals. It is necessary to train and train the entire hospital team and the dental surgeon so that oral health is offered to patients, as well as to know the impact caused by oral problems on the systemic health of patients and implement specific protocols on the subject in all hospital aspects. The dentist must promote the general health of the hospitalized individual, based on interdisciplinary planning developed together with other health professionals, as well as assess the main needs of the patient and contribute to the quality of life of these individuals.
Periodontal diseases in pregnant women as a risk factor: a concise systematic review
Authors: Tauchert Juliana da Silva , Francez Ana Carolina de Souza , Rodrigues Joyce Bianca dos Santos , Fernandes Patrícia Garani
Published: May 2022

This study highlighted that periodontal diseases in pregnant women can be one of the determinants of low birth weight. Studies were carried out to verify the existence of an association between maternal periodontal disease and low birth weight. Gestational period, where the occurrence of periodontal diseases (PD) is more likely, due to its hormonal and physiological changes. Therefore, pregnant women must be alert and take proper care, have prenatal care with their dentist, in addition to their oral care, they must be alert to the risks of low birth weight and premature births. Infections in regions of the genitourinary tract, such as PD, may be associated with the occurrence of low birth weight newborns through the same mechanisms as other maternal and preterm birth infections. The contraction of the uterus and cervical dilation, acting as a trigger for premature birth, can be caused by inflammatory stimuli, which can induce hyperirritability of the uterine smooth muscles. The infection and the resulting inflammatory process can cause damage to the placenta, thereby restricting fetal development. Throughout life, a woman goes through several phases of hormonal fluctuations that, in addition to interfering with the reproductive system, exert influence on other organs and systems, such as the periodontium, particularly in the presence of preexisting gingival inflammation induced by plaque. During pregnancy, a woman is exposed to several significant hormonal changes, as the placenta produces high amounts of estrogen and progesterone, which in turn affect the oral tissues. It was concluded that black women aged over 40 years old are more likely to have PD, having a higher risk of low development to the fetus.
No hay deportistas de élite para el Derecho del Trabajo: la indemnización por término del contrato temporal
Authors: Viqueira Pérez Carmen , Basterra Hernández Miguel
Published: May 2022

La sentencia comentada reitera y clarifica el criterio interpretativo mantenido por anteriores pronunciamientos, concluye el recorrido doctrinal de la esquiva categoría de los "deportistas de élite" y sienta jurisprudencia (en los términos del art. 1.6 del CC) afirmando el derecho de todos los deportistas profesionales a percibir la indemnización prevista en el art. 49.1.c) del ET cuando su contrato de trabajo temporal finalice por la llegada del término.

The analysed Sentence reiterates and clarifies the interpretative criterion maintained by previous pronouncements, concludes the doctrinal journey of the elusive category of "elite athletes" and establishes jurisprudence (in the terms of art. 1.6 of the CC) affirming the right of all professional athletes to receive the compensation provided for in art. 49.1.c) of the ET, when their temporary working contract ends due to the arrival of the fixed term.
Las difusas fronteras entre el trabajo asalariado y por cuenta propia. Riders y plataformas digitales de nuevo a examen en la doctrina de los Tribunales Superiores de Justicia.
Authors: Monereo Pérez José Luis , López Insua Belén del Mar
Published: May 2022

El desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación ha propiciado la aparición de la denominada "economía de las plataformas" (o platform economy), la cual hace referencia a la actividad que se genera en torno a aplicaciones informáticas que ponen en contacto la oferta y la demanda en tiempo real. Precisamente, en torno a estas formas de trabajo se ha planteado todo un debate jurisprudencial y doctrinal que afecta ya a toda la Unión Europea. Y es que, desgraciadamente, bajo este modelo de negocio aparecen auténticas relaciones laborales por cuenta ajena que se presentan con fórmulas de trabajo precario y de subempleo. Nuevamente se plantea este conflicto en la sentencia del Tribunal Superior de Justicia, Sala de lo Social, de Madrid de 17 de enero de 2020. En donde, de una manera valiente el Tribunal plantea cuál debería ser el sistema jurídico de garantías laborales que, en sintonía con la misma noción de trabajo decente (en el sentido que establece el art. 23.1 de la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos), han de regir a estas relaciones de trabajo subordinado.

The development of new information and communication technologies has led to the emergence of the "platform economy", which refers to the activity that is generated around computer applications that bring together supply and demand in real time. A strong jurisprudential and doctrinal debate has arisen around these forms of work, affecting the whole of the European Union. The fact is that, unfortunately, under this business model, there are real independent contractor relationship that are presented with precarious forms of work and underemployment. This conflict is again raised in the judgment of the High Court of Justice, Sala de lo Social, of Madrid of 17 January 2020. Where, in a courageous way, the Court proposes what should be the legal system of labour guarantees which, in line with the same notion of decent work (in the sense of art. 23.1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights), are to govern these subordinate labour relations.
Trade for an inclusive circular economy
Authors: Barrie Jack , Abdul Latif Latifahaida , Albaladejo Manuel , Baršauskaitė Ieva , Kravchenko Alexey , Kuch Amelia , Mulder Nanno , Murara Melissa , Oger Antoine , Schröder Patrick
Published: May 2022

Circular trade is a key enabler of a global circular economy, but inequities in power relations, digital trade capabilities, trade infrastructure, access to finance, and industrial and innovation capabilities mean that countries in the Global North are better positioned to reap the benefits than are those in the Global South. Critically, too, countries in the Global South are often the final destination for internationally traded low-value or illegal waste. Lack of capacity in these countries to properly manage and treat such waste brings greater environmental risks and social burdens. If an explicit goal to reduce inequality is not built into the global circular economy transition, the gains to be made from circular trade are likely to be highly unevenly distributed between developed and least developed countries. This paper sets out a framework for inclusive circular trade, intended to enable a pathway in which circular trade helps to promote fair, inclusive and circular societies. The framework was developed through the work of an alliance of organizations spanning Africa, Southeast Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Europe.
Predictors of Depression among College Students in the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pharr Jennifer R. , Coughenour Courtney , Gakh Maxim , Bungum Timothy , Jalene Sharon , Whitehead Mary , Sharma Manoj
Published: May 2022

College students are disproportionately impacted by depression compared to the general population. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of depression among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic to inform interventions. This cross-sectional study surveyed students at a large, diverse university in the southwest United States. Students provided information regarding the severity of their depression symptoms over the past two weeks (dependent variable) along with independent demographic and educational variables (age, sex, sexual orientation, grade point average, number of credits taken, first-generation college student status, race/ethnicity, and employment status), perceived stress, hours of sleep, physical fitness, and minutes of physical activity. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted. Variables that were significantly associated with depression in the multiple linear regression included stress, identifying as Asian, hours of sleep, and age. There is a need for stress management and mental health promotion interventions targeting college students. Additional interventionals should also focus on those more at risk, including those who identified as Asian (almost three times more likely to report depression compared with White students) and younger college students. We also found a need to promote sleep hygiene.
Workers and Automata
Authors: Campa Riccardo
Published: May 2022

The aim of this investigation is to determine if there is a relation between automation and unemployment within the Italian socio-economic system. Italy is Europe’s second nation and the fourth in the world in terms of robot density, and among the G7 it is the nation with the highest rate of youth unemployment. Establishing the ultimate causes of unemployment is a very difficult task, and the notion itself of ‘technological unemployment’ is controversial. Mainstream economics tends to relate the high rate of unemployment that characterises Italian society with the low flexibility of the labour market and the high cost of manpower. Little attention is paid to the impact of artificial intelligence on the level of employment. With reference to statistical data, we will try to show that automation can be seen at least as a contributory cause of unemployment. In addition, we will argue that both Luddism and anti-Luddism are two faces of the same coin. In both cases attention is focused on technology itself (the means of production) instead of on the system (the mode of production). Banning robots or denying the problems of robotisation are not effective solutions. A better approach would consist in combining growing automation with a more rational redistribution of income.
Transhumanism and Marxism
Authors: Steinhoff James
Published: May 2022

There exists a real dearth of literature available to Anglophones dealing with philosophical connections between transhumanism and Marxism. This is surprising, given the existence of works on just this relation in the other major European languages and the fact that 47 per cent of people surveyed in the 2007 Interests and Beliefs Survey of the Members of the World Transhumanist Association identified as “left,” though not strictly Marxist (Hughes 2008). Rather than seeking to explain this dearth here, I aim to contribute to its being filled in by identifying three fundamental areas of similarity between transhumanism and Marxism. These are: the importance of material conditions, and particularly technological advancement, for revolution; conceptions of human nature; and conceptions of nature in general. While it is true that both Marxism and (especially) transhumanism are broad fields that encompass diverse positions, even working with somewhat generalized characterizations of the two reveals interesting parallels and dissimilarities fruitful for future work.
Enframing the Flesh
Authors: Bailey Jesse I.
Published: May 2022

I argue that Heidegger’s account of technology as “enframing” is a helpful lens through which to understand the possible effects and dangers of transhumanism. Without resorting to nebulous concepts such as “dignity,” Heidegger’s analysis can help us understand how new technologies employed to modify the body, brain, and consciousness will enframe our own bodies and identities as something akin to “standing reserve.” Under transhumanism, the body is enframed as an external, technologically modifiable product. I indicate some of the problems that might arise when our own bodies no longer appear as central to our identity as embodied beings. Further, I argue that, by treating aspects of our own consciousness as technologically modifiable, we will be driven into a commodified and inauthentic relation to our identities. By examining the work of prominent transhumanists – including Brad Allenby, Daniel Sarewitz, and Andy Clark – I show how the threat that technology poses can be hidden when the essence of technology is not uncovered in a primordial way. I argue that by threatening to obscure death as a foundational possibility for Dasein, transhumanism poses the danger of hiding the need to develop a free and authentic relation to technology, Truth, and ultimately to Dasein itself.
Whom Would Animals Designate as “Persons”?
Authors: Oriel Elizabeth
Published: May 2022

Humans are animals; humans are machines. The current academic and popular dialogue on extending the personhood boundary to certain non-human animal species and at the same time to machines/robots reflects a dialectic about how “being human” is defined, about how we perceive our species and ourselves in relation to the environment.  While both paths have the potential to improve lives, these improvements differ in substance and in consequence. One route has the potential to broaden the anthropocentric focus within the West and honor interdependence with life systems, while the other affords greater currency to a human-purpose-driven worldview–furthering an unchecked Anthropocene. The broadening of legal personhood rights to life systems is underway with a ruling for dolphins in India, for a river in New Zealand and with Laws of the Rights of Mother Earth in Bolivia. Many philosophers, ethicists, and ethologists define personhood within the confines of the dominant anthropocentric paradigm, yet alternate eco-centric paradigms offer an inclusive model that may help dismantle the artificial wall between humans and nature. In this paper, I explore these eco-centric paradigms and the implications of an associated worldview for human perceptions, self-awareness, communication, narrative, and research.
Superintelligence: Fears, Promises and Potentials
Authors: Goertzel Ben
Published: May 2022

Oxford philosopher Nick Bostrom, in his recent and celebrated book Superintelligence, argues that advanced AI poses a potentially major existential risk to humanity, and that advanced AI development should be heavily regulated and perhaps even restricted to a small set of government-approved researchers. Bostrom’s ideas and arguments are reviewed and explored in detail, and compared with the thinking of three other current thinkers on the nature and implications of AI: Eliezer Yudkowsky of the Machine Intelligence Research Institute (formerly Singularity Institute for AI), and David Weinbaum (Weaver) and Viktoras Veitas of the Global Brain Institute.

 

Relevant portions of Yudkowsky’s book Rationality: From AI to Zombies are briefly reviewed, and it is found that nearly all the core ideas of Bostrom’s work appeared previously or concurrently in Yudkowsky’s thinking. However, Yudkowsky often presents these shared ideas in a more plain-spoken and extreme form, making clearer the essence of what is being claimed. For instance, the elitist strain of thinking that one sees in the background in Bostrom is plainly and openly articulated in Yudkowsky, with many of the same practical conclusions (e.g. that it may well be best if advanced AI is developed in secret by a small elite group).

 

Bostrom and Yudkowsky view intelligent systems through the lens of reinforcement learning – they view them as “reward-maximizers” and worry about what happens when a very powerful and intelligent reward-maximizer is paired with a goal system that gives rewards for achieving foolish goals like tiling the universe with paperclips. Weinbaum and Veitas’s recent paper “Open-Ended Intelligence” presents a starkly alternative perspective on intelligence, viewing it as centered not on reward maximization, but rather on complex self-organization and self-transcending development that occurs in close coupling with a complex environment that is also ongoingly self-organizing, in only partially knowable ways.

 

It is concluded that Bostrom and Yudkowsky’s arguments for existential risk have some logical foundation, but are often presented in an exaggerated way. For instance, formal arguments whose implication is that the “worst case scenarios” for advanced AI development are extremely dire, are often informally discussed as if they demonstrated the likelihood, rather than just the possibility, of highly negative outcomes. And potential dangers of reward-maximizing AI are taken as problems with AI in general, rather than just as problems of the reward-maximization paradigm as an approach to building superintelligence. If one views past, current, and future intelligence as “open-ended,” in the vernacular of Weaver and Veitas, the potential dangers no longer appear to loom so large, and one sees a future that is wide-open, complex and uncertain, just as it has always been.
The Concept of the Posthuman
Authors: Wennemann Daryl J.
Published: May 2022

A central task in understanding the theme of the posthuman involves relating it to the concept of the human. For some, there is continuity between the concepts of the human and the posthuman. This approach can be understood in the tradition of the great chain of being. Another approach posits a conceptual, and perhaps ontological, saltus (μετάβασις εἰς ἄλλο γένος). Here, the concept of the posthuman is taken to represent a radical departure from the realm of the human. After considering Lovejoy’s scheme of the great chain of being, Aristotle’s view of a conceptual saltus (μετάβασις εἰς ἄλλο γένος), and their historical significance, I will suggest how we might distinguish various concepts of the posthuman from the human by applying Rudolf Carnap’s approach to defining multiple concepts of space. We can thus create a linguistic convention that will assist in constructing useful conceptions of the human and posthuman – these can clarify the prospects of a posthuman future.
Agential Risks
Authors: Torres Phil
Published: May 2022

The greatest existential threats to humanity stem from increasingly powerful advanced technologies. Yet the “risk potential” of such tools can only be realized when coupled with a suitable agent who, through error or terror, could use the tool to bring about an existential catastrophe. While the existential risk literature has provided many accounts of how advanced technologies might be misused and abused to cause unprecedented harm, no scholar has yet explored the other half of the agent-tool coupling, namely the agent. This paper aims to correct this failure by offering a comprehensive overview of what we could call “agential riskology.” Only by studying the unique properties of different agential risk types can one acquire an accurate picture of the existential danger before us.
Identity, Immortality, Happiness
Authors: Edelman Shimon
Published: May 2022

To the extent that the performance of embodied and situated cognitive agents is predicated on fore- thought, such agents must remember, and learn from, the past to predict the future. In complex, non-stationary environments, such learning is facilitated by an intrinsic motivation to seek novelty. A significant part of an agent’s identity is thus constituted by its remembered distilled cumulative life experience, which the agent is driven to constantly expand. The combination of the drive to novelty with practical limits on memory capacity posits a problem. On the one hand, because novelty seekers are unhappy when bored, merely reliving past positive experiences soon loses its appeal: happiness can only be attained sporadically, via an open-ended pursuit of new experience. On the other hand, because the experiencer’s memory is finite, longevity and continued novelty, taken together, imply eventual loss of at least some of the stored content, and with it a disruption of the constructed identity. In this essay, I examine the biobehavioral and cognitive-computational circumstances that give rise to this problem and explore its implications for the human condition.