bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opportunity costs of postpartum care: A national survey of U.S. providers’ priorities and practice
Authors: Krishnamurti Tamar , Simhan Hyagriv N , Borrero Sonya
Published: September 2019

Background: In the wake of new guidelines for improved postpartum care, we examined postpartum care providers’ views to identify aspects of care that may be inefficient, as well as tradeoffs that may be being made between different types of critical care, given a provider’s limited time with each patient. Methods: We surveyed 600 randomly-sampled U.S. providers about postpartum care timing, the priority of specific aspects of care, and the frequency with which they are provided. Results: The survey response rate was 43% across medical specialties. More than 40% of providers reported a single 6-week visit (or more infrequent care) is optimal, regardless of new guidelines. Certain types of postpartum care critical to minimizing maternal mortality risk (e.g., depression screening), were highly valued and routinely performed. Other aspects of care (e.g., pelvic exam), were identified as systematic inefficiencies. Screening for intimate partner violence and addiction were performed less often than similarly-valued care. Certain types of care (e.g. transitioning to parenthood), were identified as crucial but were not currently addressed by national postpartum care practice guidelines. Approximately 25% of respondents regarded distance care as a feasible alternative to much of the postpartum care currently provided in-person. Conclusions: Critical opportunity costs in postpartum care delivery were identified that could have implications for maternal mortality risk. Clear guidelines on the highest value care for each visit, and which practitioner should provide that care, could diminish the burden faced by postpartum care providers, improving universal delivery of needed postpartum care. Complementary distance care (telemedicine or evidence-based apps) represents a novel and potentially equitable approach to implementing new care recommendations.
An exploration of health workers risks of contracting tuberculosis at workplace: a qualitative study
Authors: Mwenya Shadreck - , Stapley Salley
Published: September 2019

Abstract; Background To explore the perceptions of health workers on the risks of contracting tuberculosis at Namwala District Hospital. Tuberculosis literature indicates that health workers are at risk of contracting tuberculosis whilst conducting their daily duties at the workplace mainly due to low tuberculosis awareness. It is against this empirical evidence that this study was conducted to further explore health workers risky behavior, attitude and practices that expose them to tuberculosis infection when on duty and eventually generate effective health promotion and public health interventions. Methods Semi-structured interviews lasting between 35 to 45 minutes were conducted to each participant. A volunteer sampling technique was used to recruit ten participants for this study. All ten interviews were audio recorded in order to enhance consistency during data analysis process. Interview materials were transcribed verbatim, coded and themes generated to form thematic networks. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis strategy. Results Four themes were identified; 1. Health workers personal safety : participants reported wearing uniforms and gloves but they were not putting-on face masks hence, exposing themselves to tuberculosis infection. 2. Infection prevention practices : hand washing was described by many participants as a universal method of protecting health staff from the risks of contracting tuberculosis at the hospital however, few health workers frequently washed their hands after attending to tuberculosis patients. 3. Health workers working environment : the working environment at the hospital was not conducive for both health workers and patients due to poor ventilation, unhygienic conditions, overcrowding and lack of an isolation ward. 4. Health promotion : awareness on tuberculosis was reported to be low and no refresher training was conducted to health workers at the hospital. Conclusion The risks of contracting tuberculosis by health workers at Namwala District Hospital did exist hence, a need of advocating for tuberculosis awareness to health workers through appropriate health promotion interventions. Health policy should focus on continuous health promotion activities on prevention and control of tuberculosis at health facilities and communities.
Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C9/CYP2C19 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Lu Hui , Yang Yixiu , Xu Dongchuan , Feng Qiong , Sun Juan , Li Quanni , Zhao Jie , Zhou Xiaoli , Niu Huan , He Ping , Liu Jianfang , ding yipeng
Published: September 2019

Background : Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a high incidence in elderly and significantly affects the quality of life. CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 have an important role in tobacco-related diseases and inflammatory reaction. Thus, in this study we aims to investigate the association between CYP2C9 / CYP2C19 polymorphisms and the risk of COPD. Methods: A total of 821 subjects were recruited which including 313 COPD patients and 508 healthy controls. Seven SNPs of CYP2C9 / CYP2C19 were selected for genotyping. The Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated using a logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association between COPD risk and CYP2C9 / CYP2C19 polymorphisms. Results: The rs9332220 of CYP2C9 “A” allele was associated with reducing COPD risk (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.43 – 0.94, p = 0.021). And rs11853758 “G” allele carrier could significantly decrease 0.35-fold COPD risk compared with T allele carrier (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.45 – 0.96, p = 0.027). Furthermore, gender-based stratification analysis showed that rs9332220 and rs11853758 polymorphisms were associated with risk of COPD in males. Conclusions: Our study firstly reported the effects of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genetic variants on COPD risk. We found that rs9332220 in CYP2C9 and rs11853758 in CYP2C19 were associated with a reduced susceptibility to COPD.
Neonatal Near Miss and its associated factors at Injibara General Hospital, Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Belay Habtamu Gebrehana , Limenih Simachew Kassa , Wassie Toyiba Hiyaru , Ambie Minale Bezie
Published: September 2019

Background: Neonatal mortality is a significant problem in many low-resource countries, yet for every death there are many more new-born who suffer a life-threatening complication but survive. Neonatal near miss has been proposed as a tool for assessment of quality of care in neonates who suffered any life-threatening condition. However, there was limited evidence on magnitude of neonatal near miss and determinant factors in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess proportion and associated factors of neonatal near miss among deliveries at Injibara General Hospital, Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted from February 1, 2019 to April 30, 2019 among 404 live births. Structured and pretested questioner used for mothers and structured checklist for neonates. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions model were fitted to identify factors associated with neonatal near miss. An adjusted odds ratio with 95 % confidence interval (CI) was computed to determine the level of significant. Result: Proportion of neonatal near miss was found to be 23.3 % with 95% CI: (19.1% -27.7%). Primiparous[Adjusted odds ratio(AOR):2.01, 95%CI:(1.03-3.95)], referral linkage [AOR:3.23, 95%CI:(1.89-5.513)], maternal perception of reduced fetal movement[AOR:5.95, 95%CI:2.47-14.33], premature rupture of membrane [AOR: 3.10, 95%CI: (1.27-5.59)], prolonged labor [AOR: 3.00, 95%CI:(1.28-7.06)], obstructed labor/cephalo-pelvic disproportion [AOR: 4.05; 95%CI: (1.55-10.57)] and non-reassuring fetal heart rate pattern [AOR: 3.75, 95%CI: (1.69-8.33)] were significantly associated with neonatal near miss. Conclusion: Proportion of neonatal near miss in the study area was found to be higher than studies in WHO neonatal near miss systemic review. Efforts needed to continue compressive maternal and neonatal care to avoid preventable causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality . Keywords: Neonatal Near Miss, Proportion, Awi Zone, Ethiopia
Prevalence of surgical site infection and associated factors after cesarean section in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Getaneh Temesgen , Negesse Ayenew , Dessie Getenet
Published: September 2019

Background Surgical site infection (SSI) affects up to one third of patients who have undergone a surgical procedure. It is a significant cause of surgical patient morbidity, mortality and human and financial costs threat. The national prevalence of surgical site infection among mothers who undergo for cesarean section and its risk factors are not well investigated in Ethiopia. Therefore, this systematic and meta-analysis conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of surgical site infection and associated factors after cesarean section in Ethiopia.Methods Original articles were searched in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, HINARI portal (which includes the SCOPUS, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online databases), and Cochrane Library. Data were extracted using a standard data extraction checklist that developed according to Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The I2 statistic was used to quantify heterogeneity across studies. Funnel plot asymmetry and Egger’s tests were used to check for publication bias. A fixed effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of surgical site infection. Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was also used to determine the association of identified variables with surgical site infection. Statistical analysis was conducted using STATA software.Result From initial 179 identified articles, 11 were eligible for inclusion in the final meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of surgical site infection after cesarean section in Ethiopia was 9.72% (95%CI: 8.38, 11.05). PROM >12hrs (OR=5.02, 95%CI: 2.65, 9.51), duration of labor>24hrs (OR=3.69, 95%CI: 2.41, 5.65), chorioamnionitis (OR=9.11, 95%CI: 5.21, 15.93), anemia (OR=4.75, 95%CI: 2.42, 9.33) and having vertical skin incision (OR=4.17, 95%CI: 2.90, 6.02) were factors significantly associated with surgical site infection after cesarean section.Conclusion The prevalence of surgical site infection after cesarean section in Ethiopia was high. Therefore, Minister of Health with its stake holders should emphasis on community and institution based programs in manner to prevent those factors listed above that have significant effect on surgical site infection.
Comparative genomic analysis of the Hafnia genus reveals an explicit evolutionary relationship between the species alvei and paralvei and provides insights into pathogenicity
Authors: Bin Liu , Yin Zhiqiu , Yuan Chao , Du Yuhui , Yang Pan , Qian Chengqian , Wei Yi , Zhang Si , Huang Di
Published: September 2019

Background The Hafnia genus is an opportunistic pathogen that has been implicated in both nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Although Hafnia is fairly often isolated from clinical material, its taxonomy has remained an unsolved riddle, and the involvement and importance of Hafnia in human disease is also uncertain. Here, we used comparative genomic analysis to define the taxonomy of Hafnia, identify species-specific genes that may be the result of ecological and pathogenic specialization, and reveal virulence-related genetic profiles that may contribute to pathogenesis. Results One complete genome sequence and 19 draft genome sequences for Hafnia strains were generated and combined with 27 publicly available genomes. We provided high-resolution typing methods by constructing phylogeny and population structure based on single-copy core genes in combination with whole genome average nucleotide identity to identify two distant Hafnia species (alvei and paralvei) and one mislabeled strain. The open pan-genome and the presence of numerous mobile genetic elements reveal that Hafnia has undergone massive gene rearrangements. Presence of species-specific core genomes associated with metabolism and transport suggests the putative niche differentiation between alvei and paralvei. We also identified possession of diverse virulence-related profiles in both Hafnia species., including the macromolecular secretion system, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance. In the macromolecular system, T1SS, Flagellum 1, Tad pilus and T6SS-1 were conserved in Hafnia, whereas T4SS, T5SS, and other T6SSs exhibited the evolution of diversity. The virulence factors in Hafnia are related to adherence, toxin, iron uptake, stress adaptation, and efflux pump. The identified resistance genes are associated with beta-lactamases and tetracycline. These virulence-related profiles identified at the genomic level provide insights into Hafnia pathogenesis and the differentiation between alvei and paralvei. Conclusions Our research using core genome phylogeny and comparative genomics analysis of a larger collection of strains provides a comprehensive view of the taxonomy and species-specific traits between Hafnia species. Deciphering the genome of Hafnia strains possessing a reservoir of macromolecular secretion systems, virulence factors, and resistance genes related to pathogenicity may provide insights into addressing its numerous infections and devising strategies to combat the pathogen.
HLA-B*5701 Allele Prevalence in Treatment-Naïve HIV-Infected Patients from Colombia
Authors: Martínez-Buitrago Ernesto , Oñate José Millán , García-Goez José Fernando , Álvarez Jorge , Lenis William , Sañudo Luz Marina , Rubiano Luisa Consuelo
Published: September 2019

IBackground: The HLA-B*57:01 allele is associated with a hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir. Due to the lack of knowledge of HLA-B*57:01 prevalence in Colombia, routine screening is not performed and is not recommended by the national guidelines. We aimed to determine the prevalence of HLA-B*57:01 in HIV population from Colombia. Methods: This cross-sectional study included naïve HIV-infected adults from 13 cities of the country. The presence of HLA-B*57:01 was determined by using SSP-PCR in blood samples. Prevalence rates were stratified by sex, race, and region of origin. Results: HLA-B*57:01 allele prevalence in Colombian HIV-infected individuals was 2.7%. When stratifying for the race, the prevalence was 4% for whites, 2.6% for other race (mainly mestizo), and 1.9% for Afro-Colombians. The prevalence varied from 0% up to 11.4% depending on the department of origin. The highest prevalence rates were found in Caldas (11.4%), Antioquia (5%), Risaralda (4.8%), and Valle del Cauca (4.3%). When distributed by country zones, the central, with a racial predominance of Caucasians and mestizos, was the highest (6.0%, 0R=4.1, CI 1.2 – 12.8, p=0,016). Conclusions: The overall prevalence of HLA-B*57:01 in Colombia was lower than the reported rates for other Latin American countries such as Brazil, Costa Rica, and Argentina, but similar in comparison to Chile and Mexico. The diversity in the racial and ethnic heritage shown in our data supports the recommendation to implement routine screening for the HLA-B*57:01 allele before initiation of abacavir-containing antiretroviral therapy in the Colombian HIV management guidelines.
Management and comprehensive assessment of the probability of bankruptcy of Ukrainian enterprises based on the methods of fuzzy sets theory
Authors: Kozlovskyi Serhii , Butyrskyi Andrii , Poliakov Boris , Bobkova Antonina , Lavrov Ruslan , Ivanyuta Natalya
Published: September 2019

Managing and evaluating the probability of bankruptcy of Ukrainian enterprises is one of the most complex and relevant problems of the economy and management. In the context of Ukraine’s integration into the international space, there is an arising issue of assessing the bankruptcy of Ukrainian enterprises that meets international financial standards and allows administering this process. A qualitative assessment of the bankruptcy of an enterprise is possible only using artificial intelligence methods – the fuzzy sets method, which allows including qualitative and quantitative indicators to the model for assessing bankruptcy of enterprises in Ukraine. The aim of the article is to improve the existing method for assessing the probability of bankruptcy of Ukrainian enterprises on the basis of the fuzzy sets method, which will include indicators of international financial reporting and allow more efficient administration and management of this process. The subject of the research is the process of formalizing the method of the enterprise bankruptcy assessment in accordance with the indicators of International Financial Reporting Standards. The study offers a mechanism for a comprehensive assessment of the probability of bankruptcy of Ukrainian enterprises with the use of the methods of fuzzy sets, which is based on international financial indicators: current ratio, payable turnover ratio, equity turnover ratio, return on assets, equity-to-debt ratio. The mechanism allows quickly managing bankruptcy conditions. In order to administer the economic activity of the bankrupt enterprises, based on the theory of a fuzzy sets, a system of enterprises management takes into account the international financial reporting.
How do consumers perceive the dual quality of goods and its economic aspects in the European Union? An empirical study
Authors: Bartková Lucia
Published: September 2019

Dual quality goods have been present in Europe for over 30 years. But only recently this problem has become current. More and more EU citizens complain about its presence in the united European market. In several countries, product testing, as well as population opinions, were conducted, but the results were not uniform. The European Commission itself acknowledged the existence of dual quality and began to address it. It has developed a common testing methodology and is also preparing legislative changes. In this respect, the examination of the situation in Slovakia as one of the EU countries is up to date. The aim of this research is to examine the opinions of Slovak consumers on the dual quality of daily consumer goods in the EU and its economic aspects, to compare them with the results from abroad and to formulate conclusions and recommendations. The survey used a questionnaire method, which examined the opinions of Slovak consumers on a sample of 919 respondents. Subsequently, the hypotheses were tested by the binomial test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The study provides an overview of the results of product testing carried out in Slovakia and abroad, as well as the results of a questionnaire survey of the opinions of Slovak consumers and their comparison with abroad. In Slovakia and the Czech Republic, more than 80% of respondents disagree with the existence of dual quality. The results of the study support the demand of Central and Eastern European countries for dual quality in the EU to be banned and eliminated.
Participation in groundwater governance – outlining a path to inclusive development
Authors: Cuadrado-Quesada Gabriela , Gupta Joyeeta
Published: September 2019

Although there is considerable research on participation, there is little that combines the relationship between access to information, participation and access to justice and how these can be combined to enhance groundwater governance. Hence, this article addresses the question: How can legal frameworks that recognize the right to participation alleviate local groundwater governance problems in different contexts? In order to address this question, this article reviews the literature on participation, law, policy and inclusive development and analyses selected legal frameworks that recognize participation, access to information and access to justice to determine how these frameworks have been implemented in groundwater governance. The selected contexts include Australia and Costa Rica. The findings show that (i) access to information, participation in decision-making and access to justice are mostly employed in a reactive manner to solve groundwater governance problems; (ii) access to information on groundwater ignores particular features of groundwater resources, such as ‘invisibility’, ‘irreversibility’ especially in relation to fossil resources, the local nature, and limited consensus on the data; (iii) meaningful participation is unlikely until information, learning, knowledge, and awareness about groundwater resources is popularized and (iv) factors enhancing access to information and participation in decision-making in groundwater governance include the existence of a water crisis, leadership, government funding dedicated to organize participatory processes; and small-scale and homogenous communities.
Removal of NO3-N in alkaline rare earth industry effluent using modified coconut shell biochar
Authors: You Hanyang , Zhang Yi , Li Wenying , Li Yang , Ma Yanfei , Feng Xuedong
Published: September 2019

Coconut shell biochar (CSB) was selected as raw material to obtain two kinds of modified biochars by pickling and iron modification. The pickling coconut shell biochar (PCSB) and pickling-iron modified coconut shell biochar (PICSB) were used as adsorbents to remove NO3-N in alkaline rare earth industry effluent. The results showed that pickling smoothed the surface of CSB, and α-FeOOH was formed on the surface of PCSB because of FeCl3 solution modification. Suitable adsorbent dosages of PCSB and PICSB were both 2.0 g/L. The NO3-N adsorption process by PCSB and PICSB both reached equilibrium at 30 min. The quasi-first-order kinetic model shows good fit to the NO3-N adsorption by PCSB. Whereas, the quasi-second-order kinetic model is more suitable for PICSB adsorbing NO3-N. The adsorption mechanisms of PICSB for NO3-N removal were ligand exchange and electrostatic attraction, and that of PCSB for NO3-N removal was electrostatic attraction. The NO3-N adsorption amounts of PCSB and PICSB decreased with increasing adsorption temperature and pH. The maximum NO3-N adsorption amounts of PCSB and PICSB were 15.14 mg/L and 10.75 mg/L respectively with adsorbent dosage of 2.0 g/L, adsorption time of 30 min, adsorption temperature of 25 ± 1 °C, and initial solution pH of 2.01.
O interrogatório policial à luz de fenômenos discursivos intrínsecos à argumentação
Authors: Konrad Paola Gabriela , Giering Maria Eduarda
Published: September 2019

Este estudo, amparado pela concepção de ethos proposta por Amossy (2005) e pelos clássicos tipos de argumentos apresentados por Fiorin (2015), propõe-se a analisar fragmentos de fala pertencentes ao gênero discursivo interrogatório policial de modo a investigar (1) se o ethos prévio (AMOSSY, 2005) ou pré-discursivo (MAINGUENEAU, 2008) dos participantes do interrogatório policial se confirma no ethos discursivo dos enunciadores; e (2) os tipos de argumentos (FIORIN, 2015) utilizados pelos enunciadores do interrogatório policial. O corpus deste estudo advém de gravações em áudio e vídeo de três interrogatórios policiais de uma Delegacia de Polícia Civil do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Quanto ao primeiro propósito deste estudo, no que tange aos policiais, seu ethos prévio se confirma discursivamente em todos os fragmentos de fala analisados. Em relação aos interrogados, a sua imagem prévia é reelaborada ao longo do discurso. Concernente ao segundo propósito deste estudo, uma série de tipo de argumentos são utilizados pelos enunciadores nos interrogatórios policiais, a saber: argumento de comparação, argumentum ad hominem, argumentum ad verecundiam, argumentum ad misericordiam e argumentum ad baculum. Por fim, a análise revela que os tipos de argumentos utilizados pelos policiais e pelos interrogados nas interações operam como recurso para a construção do ethos dos enunciadores.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Argumentação; Ethos; Tipos de Argumentos; Interrogatório Policial.
Bregalnitsa Bölgesinde Bulunan Osmanlı Sikkeleri
Authors: Janeva Gordana , Bülbül Sevil
Published: September 2019

Kuzey
Makedonya Cumhuriyeti, XIV. Yüzyılın sonlarına doğru Osmanlı Devleti’nin kapsamına
girmektedir. Bununla birlikte Osmanlı para düzeninin kurulması ve beş asırlık
uzun bir ticari sürecinin başlaması söz konusudur. Bölgede yapılan araştırmalar
neticesinde bulunan Osmanlı sikkeleri aynı zamanda Balkanlar ile Anadolu
arasında kesintisiz bir ticari ilişkinin varlığını kanıtlamaktadır. Bu
çalışmanın amacı İştip Müzesi’nde sergilenen Osmanlı sikke koleksiyonu eserlerini
tanıtmaktır. Bu müzede toplam 139 Osmanlı sikkesi bulunmaktadır. Sikkeler,
Müze’nin yürütmüş olduğu arkeolojik araştırmaları neticesinde Kuzey Makedonya
Cumhuriyeti’nin doğusundaki Bregalnitsa nehri kıyısında bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın
kapsamında, koleksiyonda sergilenen altın, gümüş, bakır ve nikel sikke
örnekleri ele alınmıştır. XVI. ve XIX. Yüzyılları arasına tarihlenen bu
sikkelerin birer örneği, Katalog bölümünde tanıtılmıştır. Örnekler, Osmanlı
padişahların kronolojik sırasına göre sınıflandırılmıştır.
Newer Developments in the Synthesis of P-Heterocycles
Authors: Keglevich György
Published: September 2019

The P-heterocyclic field forms a special part of organophosphorus chemistry,
and is a special discipline within heterocyclic chemistry. The relevant results accumulated
in the group of the author of this minireview in last 5 years are summarized. After
surveying the conformational situation of cyclic phosphinates, their Microwave
(MW)-assisted direct esterification and the T3P®-promoted esterification are discussed.
The next chapters describe newer results regarding the interpretation and modelling of the
rate enhancing effect of MWs, and on an important, but somewhat neglected field, the
hydrolysis of phosphinates. New results on the ring enlargement of 5-membered
unsaturated P-heterocycles to 6-ring species, as well as on the synthesis of
7-phosphanorbornene derivatives, and their refunctionalization are also included. Novel
findings on the preparation of cyclic amides and imides are also explored. Last but not least, the user-friendly
deoxygenations of cyclic phosphine oxides elaborated by us are shown. The reader will be able to discover
green chemical considerations and accomplishments throughout the series of organophosphorus
transformations reviewed.
Withdrawal Notice: Dietary Fatty Acids-effects on Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Kh Jasmin Kharazmi , Khorassani Sara Kharazmi , Afshari Asma , Rezayi Majid , Langari Hadis , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid
Published: September 2019

The article has been withdrawn at the request of editor of the journal Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry:

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

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Synthesis and Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Activity of Phenacyl Esters of N-Aroyl Amino Acids
Authors: Emimmal Maida Engels Selvaraj , Sankar Veintramuthu
Published: September 2019

Background:

Obesity has become a major life-threatening disorder as it is associated with many risk factors such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, type II diabetes and certain forms of cancer. Pancreatic lipase inhibition is one of the alternate strategies to treat obesity. In our previous study, phenacyl ester of N-sulphonyl beta alanine was obtained as a hit molecule when pharmacophore- based virtual screening was carried out using reported pancreatic lipase inhibitors.

Objective:

In search of novel pancreatic lipase inhibitors, three series of phenacyl esters of Nsubstituted amino acids were synthesized and evaluated for their pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity.

Methods:

N-aroylation of amino acids and subsequent esterification with different phenacyl bromides in the presence of N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) afforded the corresponding phenacyl esters in quantitative yields.

Results:

The synthesized compounds were found to have good pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity and showed IC50 in the range of 0.036 and 84 μg/ml.

Conclusion:

All the synthesized compounds showed better pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity and it indicates that the N-aroylated phenacyl esters could be considered as lead moiety for further studies to develop novel anti-obesity potentials.
Autistic Traits and Illness Trajectories
Authors: Dell'Osso Liliana , Lorenzi Primo , Carpita Barbara
Published: September 2019

In the framework of increasing attention towards autism-related conditions, a growing number of studies have recently investigated the prevalence and features of sub-threshold Autistic Traits (ATs) among adults. ATs span across the general population, being more pronounced in several clinical groups of patients affected by psychiatric disorders. Moreover, ATs seem to be associated with specific personality features in non-clinical population, implying both a higher vulnerability towards psychopathology and extraordinary talents in specific fields. In this framework, the DSM-5’s Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presentations may be considered as the tip of an iceberg that features several possible clinical and non-clinical phenotypes. Globally, the autism spectrum may be considered as a trans-nosographic dimension, which may not only represent the starting point for the development of different psychopathological trajectories but also underlie non-psychopathological personality traits. These different trajectories might be shaped by the specific localization and severity of the neurodevelopmental alteration and by its interaction with the environment and lifetime events. In this wider framework, autistic-like neurodevelopmental alterations may be considered as a general vulnerability factor for different kinds of psychiatric disorders, but also the neurobiological basis for the development of extraordinary abilities, eventually underlying the concept of geniality. Moreover, according to recent literature, we hypothesize that ATs may also be involved in the functioning of human mind, featuring the peculiar sense of “otherness” which can be found, with different grades of intensity, in every human being.
Depression and Anxiety in Pathways of Medically Assisted Reproduction: The Role of Infertility Stress Dimensions
Authors: Pozza Andrea , Dèttore Davide , Coccia Maria Elisabetta
Published: September 2019

Background:

Depressive and anxious symptoms are common psychological reactions to infertility and Medically Assisted Reproduction (MAR). No study compared depressive and anxious symptoms and infertility stress dimensions across homologous and heterologous MAR, nor explored the specific role of the infertility stress dimensions in the two pathways. Homologous MAR may be associated with higher distress as the couple feel that the responsibility to reproduce and carry on the family line falls on them, and they feel inadequate if they are unable to bear children.

Objective:

We compared depressive/anxious symptoms and infertility stress dimensions between individuals undergoing homologous and heterologous MAR. We also explored the association between the infertility stress dimensions and depressive/anxious symptoms separately in two MAR pathways.

Methods:

Two-hundred twenty-six individuals participated [mean age = 39.71 years; 54.45% women]: 118 (52.2%) in homologous and 108 (47.8%) in heterologous MAR. The Fertility Problem Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and State and Trait Anxiety Inventory-Y form were administered.

Results:

Individuals in homologous MAR had higher depressive/state-trait anxious symptoms, general infertility stress, and infertility-related sexual concerns than those in heterologous MAR. In homologous MAR, social and sexual concerns were associated with depressive/trait anxious symptoms while gender had no effect. In heterologous MAR, male gender was associated with lower state anxious symptoms while infertility stress dimensions had no effect.

Conclusion:

Individuals in homologous MAR are a more distressed subgroup which requires a tailored supportive psychological intervention specifically on sexual and social concerns.
New Perspectives in the Treatment of Tumor Cells by Electromagnetic Radiation at Resonance Frequencies in Cellular Membrane Channels
Authors: Calabrò Emanuele , Magazù Salvatore
Published: September 2019

Background:

The use of electromagnetic fields has been considered as adjuvant therapy for the treatment of cancer given that some clinical trials have shown that the irradiation of cancer cells with electromagnetic fields can slow down the disease progression.

Aims:

We hypothesize that this effect could be amplified by irradiating tumor cells with electromagnetic fields having frequencies close to the natural resonant frequencies of membrane channels in tumor cells, in order to obtain a significant change of the ion flux across tumor cell membrane channels, inducing the largest harmful alteration in their cellular function.

Methods:

Neuronal-like cells were used as a cell model and exposed for 6 h to electromagnetic fields at different frequencies (0, 50 Hz, 900 MHz) at the same intensity of 2 mT. The exposure system was represented by two Helmholtz coils driven by a power amplifier in current mode and an arbitrary function generator. FTIR spectroscopy was used to evaluate the results of the exposure.

Results:

The results of this study showed that the Amide I vibration band increased in intensity with the increase of the frequency, leading us to assume that the displacement of the cell channels α-helices depends on the frequency of the applied electromagnetic fields.

Conclusion:

This preliminary result leads us to plan future research aimed at searching for the natural frequencies of membrane channels in tumor cells using resonant electromagnetic fields in order to damage the cellular functions of tumor cells. Clinical trials are needed to confirm such a hypothesis derived from this physical study.
Enhanced Reusability of Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized onto Graphene Oxide/Magnetic Chitosan Beads for Cost Effective Cholesterol Oxidase Assay
Authors: Sahu Shraddha , Shera Shailendra Singh , Banik Rathindra Mohan
Published: September 2019

Background:

Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is an important biocatalyst extensively used in enzymatic reactions. Cholesterol oxidase (ChoX) is a commercially valuable enzyme used in the estimation of cholesterol in human serum. ChoX is an oxygen oxidoreductase class of enzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of cholesterol in the presence of O2, liberating hydrogen peroxide H2O2as a by-product. HRP catalyzes the reduction of this H2O2in the presence of a redox dye (chromophore), producing a pink colored Quinoneimine which can be measured spectrophotometrically. The use of soluble HRP makes this assay method expensive for each time use and the recovery of HRP is not possible.

Objective:

Our aim was to prepare the HRP immobilized beads having magnetic properties for the ease of separation and increasing the reusability of HRP for the low cost ChoX assay.

Methods:

In the present work, we prepared magnetic chitosan beads using chitosan-Fe2O3nanoparticle blend coated with Graphene Oxide (GO), and subsequently activated with 2.5% glutaraldehyde (GA). Enzyme loaded beads were characterized by SEM, FTIR, and XRD analysis.

Results:

The immobilization efficiency was ~80% and the immobilized HRP retained 90% of its initial activity up to 12 times reuse. The pH and temperature optima were shifted from 6.5 and 50°C for soluble HRP to 7.0 and 55°C for the immobilized HRP, respectively. Storage stability of immobilized HRP was 93.72% and 60.97% after 30 and 60 days storage respectively, at 4°C.

Conclusion:

On the basis of the present study, the HRP loaded magnetic chitosan/graphene oxide beads could be used for low-cost ChoX assay at laboratory scale due to its enhanced reusability and stability.
The Combined Lambrinudi and Ankle Arthrodesis with Ring External Fixation in the Long-term Severe Neuromuscular Equinocavovarus Deformity with Ankle and Hindfoot Osteoarthritis: The Cases Presentation and Modified Guideline of Treatment
Authors: Rajbhandari Prasit , Angthong Chayanin , Zang Jiancheng , Qin Sihe , Veljkovic Andrea
Published: September 2019

Background:

Severe equinocavovarus deformity develops from various causes and generally results in major disability that affects patient’s mobility and quality of life. It can be divided into neuromuscular and non-neuromuscular deformities, including two major subtypes: i.e., paralytic and spastic. In addition, ankle osteoarthritis could be caused by prolonged or progressive foot deformity.

Objective:

The present report proposes a modification of the accepted treatment algorithm and Lambrinudi’s surgical technique with ankle and hindfoot arthrodesis to correct theses challenging deformities with the long-term condition.

Results:

Two equinocavovarus cases were included, one in a 54-year old male and the second in a 63-year old female with paralaytic and spastic etiologies respectively. Patient’s deformity correction was acceptable. Each patient demonstrated improved outcomes due to a postoperative plantigrade foot and ankle position. No significant complications were encountered during the course of care and last follow-up. The mean follow-up time was 26 months.

Conclusion:

Severe long term neuromuscular equinocavovarus deformities are a challenging disability in the foot and ankle surgery. The present article proposes a modified guideline of treatment illustrated in two representative case studies of long-term paralytic and spastic equinocavovarus deformities. These conditions can be treated surgically using the stepwise approach as demonstrated in this article with acceptable outcomes.
Current Review on Herbs for Derma Care
Authors: Pal Rashmi Saxena , Pal Yogendra , Saraswat Nikita , Wal Pranay , Wal Ankita
Published: September 2019

Background:

A large number of cosmetic formulations have been developed based on herbs. Indian women have been using herbs such as sandalwood, aloe for skincare protection, since ages. In India, the rich cultural heritage is behind the materials used in cosmetics from the earliest period of medical and cosmetic art.

Objective:

Continuous application of synthetic compounds on the skin causes many adverse effects such as skin irritation, allergy, discoloration, rashes along with skin cancer. The aim of this review article is to explore herbs for different skincare needs.

Materials and Methods:

A literature search was done on various herbs used for skin nourishment, cleansing, sun-screens, bleach, anti-ageing, moisturization and other skin requirements.

Results:

There are various herbs present in nature. They improve and clarify skin gently in an utmost manner.

Conclusion:

These herbs are full of phytoconstituents, having natural goodness to fulfill the different demands of skin.
Mitotherapy as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Mitochondrial Diseases
Authors: Fu Ailing
Published: September 2019

Background:

The mitochondrion is a multi-functional organelle that is mainly responsible for energy supply in the mammalian cells. Over 100 human diseases are attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial therapy (mitotherapy) aims to transfer functional exogenous mitochondria into mitochondria-defective cells for recovery of the cell viability and consequently, prevention of the disease progress.

Conclusion:

Mitotherapy makes the of modulation of cell survival possible, and it would be a potential therapeutic strategy for mitochondrial diseases.

Objective:

The review summarizes the evidence on exogenous mitochondria that can directly enter mammalian cells for disease therapy following local and intravenous administration, and suggests that when healthy cells donate their mitochondria to damaged cells, the mitochondrial transfer between cells serve as a new mode of cell rescue. Then the transferred mitochondria play their roles in recipient cells, including energy production and maintenance of cell function.
Antimicrobial Activity of Biosynthesized Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Nasrin Tina , Karim Parsha S. , Shaikh Soni
Published: September 2019

It has been well documented that microbes are able to create self-defense
against conventional antibiotics. Such drug-resistant property of the microbes always inspired
the researchers to develop an alternative strategy to control the growth of pathogenic
microbes. Nanoparticles have received major importance because of their distinctive
property over corresponding bulk material. For such unique property, from the recent
past, research has been focused on the nanotechnology to uplift the biomedical sciences
but hazardous byproducts of nanoparticle synthesis makes always retardation. In this review,
we emphasized and elaborated the biosynthesis process of metal nanoparticles and
how such particles can be considered for anti-microbial context.
Utility-Based SK-Clustering Algorithm for Privacy Preservation of Anonymized Data in Healthcare
Authors: Shobana G. , Shankar S.
Published: September 2019

Background:

The increasing need for various data publishers to release or share the
healthcare datasets has imparted a threat for the privacy and confidentiality of the Electronic Medical
Records. However, the main goal is to share useful information thereby maximizing utility as
well as ensuring that sensitive information is not disclosed. There always exist utility-privacy
tradeoff which needs to be handled properly for the researchers to learn statistical properties of the
datasets.

Objective:

The objective of the research article is to introduce a novel SK-Clustering algorithm that
overcomes identity disclosure, attribute disclosure and similarity attacks. The algorithm is evaluated
using metrics such as discernability measure and relative error so as to show its performance compared
with other clustering algorithms.

Methodology:

The SK-Clustering algorithm flexibly adjusts the level of protection for high utility.
Also the size of the clusters is minimized dynamically based on the requirements of the protection
required and we add extra tuples accordingly. This will drastically reduce information loss thereby
increasing utilization.

Results:

For a k-value of 50 the discernabilty measure of SK algorithm is 65000 whereas the Mondrian
algorithm exhibits 70000 discernability measure and the Anatomy algorithm has a discernability
measure of 150000. Similarly, the relative error of our algorithm is less than 10% for a tuple
count of 35000 when compared to other k-anonymity algorithms.

Conclusion:

The proposed algorithm executes more competently in terms of minimal discernability
measure as well as relative error, thereby proving higher data utility compared with traditionally
available algorithms.
Влияние ионного (Ar-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=-) облучения на кластерный магнетизм и магнитные взаимодействия в аморфном сплаве Fe-=SUB=-67-=/SUB=-Cr-=SUB=-18-=/SUB=-B-=SUB=-15-=/SUB=-
Authors: Окунев В.Д. , Самойленко З.А. , Aleshkevych P. , Szymczak H. , Szewczyk A. , Антошина И.А.
Published: September 2019

Comparing the magnetic resonance absorption spectra with the data on structure and magnetic properties of amorphous Fe67Cr18B15 samples, we have shown that a randomly inhomogeneous medium of amorphous alloy is multiphase. The presence of two types of samples with a different clusterized structure and the use of ion (Ar+) irradiation in the experiment contributed the observation of four main phases with different magnetic properties. The main α-(Fe,Cr) phase contains large clusters D<400 Å in size with a tendency to phase separation of iron (α-Fe) and chromium (α-Cr) under irradiation, which enhances the competitive FM and AFM magnetic interactions and increases the intensity of absorption lines related to α-Fe and α-Cr. In the samples with a developed cluster system, the phase of Fe3B (D<100 Å) interacting with the α-(Fe,Cr) phase is detected in the resonance absorption spectra only when these groupings are isolated. The fourth phase represented by precluster groupings disappears under irradiation.
Тепловой эффект перехода моноклинной фазы в орторомбическую в сверхвысокомолекулярном полиэтилене
Authors: Егоров В.М. , Марихин В.А. , Мясникова Л.П. , Борисов А.К. , Иванькова Е.М. , Иванчев С.С.
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe analyze heat effects associated with the solid-state phase transition in ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene from the unstable monoclinic phase into thermodynamically stable orthorhombic phase. The model proposed here for the structure of supramolecular formations of monoclinic phase does not contradict to earlier X-ray diffraction data for this polymer.
Термоэлектрический механизм полевой эмиссии из углеродных наноструктур
Authors: Эйдельман Е.Д.
Published: September 2019

A model describing the features of field emission from carbon nanomaterials is considered. The model is based on taking into account the effect of electron drag by ballistic phonons in the region of the temperature gradient inside the emission center. The model does not require any additional assumptions about the special energy structure of the emission center. Quantitative estimates of the thermopower coefficient, made on the basis of the emission model, are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Упрочнение зеркальной поверхности за счет нанесения углеродной наноструктуры
Authors: Батшев В.И. , Козлов А.Б. , Мачихин А.С. , Макеев М.О. , Осипков А.С. , Булатов М.Ф. , Кинжагулов И.Ю. , Степанова К.А.
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe problem of reinforcing the mirror surfaces of space-based astronomical optics and their protection against external factors is discussed. To solve this problem, the possibility of the deposition of diamond-like coatings onto them is considered. Using mirrors with Al and Cu coatings as an example, it has been experimentally demonstrated that the pulsed laser deposition of a carbon layer with a thickness of 30 nm onto them leads to an increase in the surface hardness by 25 and 100%, respectively. It has been established that the reinforcing coating has no effect on the shape deviations of mirrors and decrease their surface roughness. In this case, the reflection factor appreciably decreases in the visible region (400–780 nm), whereas its decrease in the infrared region (above 780 nm) is no more than 5%.
Влияние низкочастотных магнитогидродинамических мод на развитие филаментов в токамаке Глобус-М
Authors: Буланин В.В. , Гусев В.К. , Курскиев Г.С. , Минаев В.Б. , Патров М.И. , Петров А.В. , Петров Ю.В. , Присяжнюк Д.В. , Сахаров Н.В. , Солоха В.В. , Толстяков С.Ю. , Хромов Н.А. , Яшин А.Ю.
Published: September 2019

Experimental data indicating the influence of the magnetohydrodynamic tearing mode in the Globus-M spherical tokamak on the appearance of filamentary structures (filaments) are presented. The filaments were detected by the Doppler backscattering method. Filament groups localized in the toroidal direction were detected, the appearance of which turned out to be synchronized with the spreading of the tearing mode. The possible causes of the influence of low-frequency MHD oscillations on the occurrence of groups of filamentary perturbations are considered.