bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of hydroxychloroquine on pregnancy outcome in patients with SLE: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Qingmiao , Wang Jiayu , Sun Qice , Xie Zhijun , Li Rongqun , Yang Zi , Song Ziyu , Yang Kepeng , Zhao Ting
Published: October 2024

Objective

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an antimalarial drug employed in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Prior studies reported inconsistent results regarding the association between HCQ use during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of HCQ on pregnancy-related outcomes in women with SLE.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search for studies associating pregnancy outcomes with HCQ use in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang database and VIP from inception to 22 September 2022. Random or fixed effect models were used to estimate the pooled effect based on I2measurement of heterogeneity.

Results

Twenty-one studies were included, encompassing 929 and 1031 patients in HCQ and non-HCQ groups, respectively. We found that HCQ use was significantly associated with reduced risks of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scores (second trimester: mean difference (MD) −1.80, 95% CI −2.46 to –1.13; third trimester: MD −2.30, 95% CI −3.31 to –1.29), flare (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.97), preterm birth (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.72), intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.72), gestational hypertension (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.42), pre-eclampsia (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.72). In contrast, a positive correlation was observed between full-term birth and HCQ use (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.52 to 2.65). However, the result for disease flare exhibited high heterogeneity (p=0.01, I2=59%). In addition, publication bias was detected in the meta-analysis of full-term birth using the Egger’s test.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis offers a comprehensive assessment of the relationship between disease activity, pregnancy-related outcomes and HCQ use, providing supportive evidence for the therapeutic effectiveness of HCQ in pregnant women with SLE.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022374468.
A novel hyper-spherical ring-augmented method for slope reliability analysis accounting for high-dimensional random fields
Authors: Wang Tao , Ji Jian
Published: October 2024

Traditional probabilistic slope stability analysis with random variable model cannot effectively accommodate the inherent soil spatial variability and particularly provides less reliable results. To cope with this, this study presents a novel hyper-spherical ring-augmented method for slope reliability analysis accounting for random fields, where Karhunen–Loève (K–L) expansion is employed for random field discretization. However, high-dimensional issues may emerge when discretizing random fields using K–L expansion, as the number of truncated terms required to achieve comparable accuracy can vary significantly between different autocorrelation functions. In this study, the weighted low-discrepancy simulation (WLDS) is augmented by the hyper-spherical coordinate transformation, allowing it to effectively deal with the curse of dimensionality involved in random fields. Moreover, the judgment-based strength reduction strategy is adopted, which simplifies the process by merely determining whether the slope is stable or unstable without calculating the exact factor of safety. Three illustrative examples including different slopes are analyzed to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately estimate failure probabilities with considerably less computational cost than traditional methods for both low- and high-dimensional random fields. Finally, given a specific target reliability index, the relationship between the total sample size and dimensions is discussed.
Impact of low crude protein diets containing animal byproducts on growth performance, nitrogen excretion, meat yield, and quality in broiler chickens
Authors: Askri Amani , de Rauglaudre Théophane , Létourneau-Montminy Marie-Pierre , Alnahhas Nabeel
Published: October 2024

This study examined the impact of a low crude protein (CP) diet incorporating meat and bone meal (MBM) as an alternative (AD) to standard diet, on broiler performance, nitrogen intake, excretion, and meat quality. A total of 846 male Ross 308 chicks were assigned to two diets in a randomized complete block design with 9 replicates of 47 birds/replicate. The diets were a plant-based control (20.4% and 19.5% CP) and an AD (−2.0% CP, +2.5% MBM) in the grower and finisher phases. Compared to the control, the AD reduced nitrogen intake ( P = 0.01) and excretion ( P < 0.01) while improving nitrogen retention efficiency ( P < 0.001) without affecting body weight, feed conversion, or carcass yield. Breast yield was higher in the AD group ( P < 0.001). The ultimate pH of breast meat increased slightly ( P = 0.07), cooking loss decreased ( P = 0.002), sarcoplasmic protein solubility tended to increase ( P = 0.09) in the AD group, while muscle protein emulsifying properties remained unchanged. Breast meat proximate composition was not affected by the AD. In conclusion, the alternative diet can reduce nitrogen loss and emissions without negatively impacting broiler production, provided that amino acid requirements are met.
Search for single vector-like B quark production in hadronic final states at the LHC
Authors: Yang Bingfang , Li Zejun , Jia Xinglong , Moretti Stefano , Shang Liangliang
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we study the discovery potential of a Vector-Like B quark (VLB) via the process $$pp \rightarrow B(\rightarrow bZ)j\rightarrow b(Z \rightarrow \nu _l\bar{\nu _l})j$$

p
p
→
B

(
→
b
Z
)

j
→
b

(
Z
→

ν
l

ν
l

¯

)

j

at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with $$\sqrt{s}=14$$

s

=
14

TeV. In the framework of a simplified model, we perform a scan over its parameter space and test its viability following a Monte Carlo analysis developed to include all production and decay dynamics. We use cut-and-count combined with Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) methods to classify the signal and background events in order to improve the efficiency of signal identification and background rejection. We find that this approach can reduce background events significantly while the signal retention rate is much higher than that of traditional methods, thereby improving the VLB discovery potential. We then calculate the exclusion and discovery capabilities for VLBs and find that the advantages of the cut-and-count plus XGBoost method especially lie in the high-mass region, i.e., $$m_B > 1500 \text { GeV}$$

m
B

>
1500

GeV

. We finally obtain the following LHC results in terms of the coupling and chiral structure of a singlet heavy VLB interactions: (i) for $$g^{*}=0.2$$

g

∗

=
0.2

and $$R_L=0$$

R
L

=
0

with 3000 fb$$^{-1}$$

-
1

, the B quark mass can be be excluded (discovered) up to 3000 GeV (2500 GeV); (ii) for $$g^{*}=0.2$$

g

∗

=
0.2

and $$R_L=0.5$$

R
L

=
0.5

with 3000 fb$$^{-1}$$

-
1

, the exclusion (discovery) region can reach up to 4750 GeV (4250 GeV).
Spectroscopic study of D-meson in Regge phenomenology
Authors: Oudichhya Juhi , Rai Ajay Kumar
Published: October 2024

In the last few years, the experimental evidence of charmed mesons is increasing remarkably. In this work, we systematically studied the D meson by employing Regge phenomenology. By assuming the existence of the quasilinear Regge trajectories, several relations between Regge slope, intercept and meson masses have been extracted. With the aid of these derived relations, Regge parameters are evaluated in both the ([Formula: see text]) and ([Formula: see text]) planes to obtain the mass spectra of D meson. In the forthcoming years, we believe that more candidates will be reported and our predictions could provide useful information for future experimental evidences.
The Feynman propagator within three parameters generalized Dunkl derivative: One-dimensional case
Authors: Benzair H. , Boudjedaa T. , Merad M.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the Feynman path integral approach within three parameters Dunkl derivative is investigated in the one-dimensional case of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. We successfully derive the propagator in Cartesian coordinates and give its exact expression for the free particle, inverse square, harmonic oscillator and pure Coulomb potentials. The energy eigenvalues and their corresponding wave functions are determined.
Influences of nonstandard interactions on PeV neutrino events with and without a Lα−Lβ symmetry
Authors: Yi Qiu-Xia , Wang Ya-Ru , Rong Shu-Jun
Published: October 2024

The recently reported astrophysical neutrinos events in the TeV-PeV energy range open a winder to explore new physics at energy frontiers. In this paper, we examine effects of nonstandard interactions (NSIs) on the PeV neutrinos events. We consider NSIs with and without a gauge symmetry [Formula: see text]. We find that, for typical [Formula: see text] damping and [Formula: see text] decay sources, the NSI with an extra gauge symmetry has more noticeable effects on the PeV events. Therefore, the detection of the events in the upcoming experiments could set stringent constraints on the NSI parameters in the [Formula: see text] symmetric case.
Bifurcation analysis, phase portraits and optical soliton solutions of the perturbed temporal evolution equation in optical fibers
Authors: Alessa Nazek , Boulaaras Salah Mahmoud , Rasheed Muhammad Haseeb , Rehman Hamood Ur
Published: October 2024

The perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation plays a crucial role in various scientific and technological fields. This equation, an extension of the classical nonlinear Schrödinger equation, incorporates perturbative effects that are essential for modeling real-world phenomena more accurately. In this paper, we investigate the traveling wave solutions of the perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation using the bifurcation theory of dynamical systems. Graphical presentations of the phase portrait are provided, revealing the traveling wave solutions under various conditions. By employing the auxiliary equation method, we derive a variety of solutions including periodic, dark, singular and bright optical solitons. To provide comprehensive and clearer depiction of the model’s behavior 2D, contour and 3D graphical representations are offered. We also highlight specific constraint conditions that ensure the presence of these obtained solutions. This study expands the scope of known exact solutions and their stability qualities which is offering an extensive analytical technique which enhances previous research. The novelty of our research lies in its examination of bifurcation analysis and the auxiliary equation method within the context of a perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger wave equation for the first time. By integrating these two perspectives, this paper contributes to establishing the complex dynamics and stability characteristics of soliton solutions under perturbations.
A Versatile Image Encryption Scheme Based on Optical Hologram Technology and Chess Rules
Authors: Cai Chang , Cao Yinghong , Mou Jun , Banerjee Santo , Sun Bo
Published: October 2024

A novel versatile image encryption scheme about hologram technology and chess rules is proposed in this paper. This scheme can encrypt images by transferring them from the spatial domain to the frequency domain. First, the theory of computer-generated holograms is applied to record phase and amplitude features by imitating the optical hologram. The original image is transformed to a hologram and the phase values of the points in the image are recorded. Second, the parameters associated with the plaintext image are obtained by a Hash function and used as the initial values of the chaotic system, and then the pawns on the board are regarded as pixel points of the image, where the movement direction of the pawns is the movement direction of the pixel points of the image. The hologram is confused by combining the pawns’ movement rules with the chaotic sequences. Finally, the encrypted image is gained through a combination of the chaotic sequence and the selective diffusion method. The test results show that the scheme is able to resist various attacks and has good security performance in encryption.
Exact solutions of a third-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with time variable coefficients
Authors: Wang Yanchao , Wang Gangwei , Zhang Yanfang
Published: October 2024

This paper mainly analyzes the different solutions of the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation. First, the coefficients of the equation are divided into variable coefficients and constant coefficients, and their bright and dark soliton solutions are obtained, respectively. Second, the solution was successfully obtained by introducing the series into the equation; Finally, the solution to the Schrödinger equation was obtained through similarity transformation. In addition, by selecting different parameters, some figures of the solutions are displayed.
Anti-associative algebras
Authors: Remm Elisabeth
Published: October 2024

An anti-associative algebra is a nonassociative algebra whose multiplication satisfies the identity [Formula: see text] Such algebras are nilpotent. We describe the free anti-associativealgebras with a finite number of generators. Other types of nonassociative algebras, obtained either by the polarization process such as Jacobi–Jordan algebras, or obtained by deformation quantization, are associated with this class of algebras. Following Markl-Remm’s work [M. Markl and E. Remm, (Non-)Koszulness of operads for n-ary algebras, galgalim and other curiosities, J. Homotopy Relat. Struct. 10 (2015) 939–969], we describe the operads associated with these algebra classes and in particular the cohomology complexes related to deformations.
The Computational Design of Corrugated Tube Lattice Structure with Negative Stiffness Property Under Axial Compression Load
Authors: Huang Yingjie , Li Qiqi
Published: October 2024

Negative stiffness (NS) structures have singular mechanical properties and potential applications in various scenarios. A corrugated tube (CT) and an NS lattice structure (NLS) composed of CTs and connection plates are proposed. The mechanical properties of CT and NLS under axial compression are investigated by experiments and simulations. The deformation modes of CT and NLS are layer-by-layer folding of structural layers. The influences of geometric parameters on the compression performance of CT and NLS have been studied. Through a reasonable design of the thickness of upper and lower conical structures, CT and NLS can exhibit periodic changes in peak and valley forces during the compression process, resulting in significant NS behavior. In addition, the increase of CT’s number does not significantly affect the NS effect, and the load-carrying capacity of NLS increases significantly as the number of CT increases. The energy absorption (EA) and peak force values of NLS-[Formula: see text], NLS and NLS-[Formula: see text] are approximately 16, 9, and 4 times those of CT-3.0-0.6-f0.5, and the EA value of an NLS model is the sum of the EA values of its all CTs. In addition, the effects of geometric parameters on the mechanical properties of NLS are systematically investigated. With reasonable parameter values, NLS exhibits strong NS effect and excellent EA capacity.
Inequalities for the k-regular overpartition function
Authors: Peng Yi , Zhang Helen W. J. , Zhong Ying
Published: October 2024

Bessenrodt and Ono, Chen, Wang and Jia, DeSalvo and Pak were the first to discover the log-subadditivity, the log-concavity and the third-order Turán inequality of the partition function [Formula: see text], respectively. Many other important partition statistics have been proved to enjoy similar properties. This paper focuses on the partition function [Formula: see text], which counts the number of overpartitions of [Formula: see text] with no parts divisible by [Formula: see text]. We provide a combinatorial proof to establish that for any [Formula: see text], the partition function [Formula: see text] exhibits the strict log-subadditivity. Specifically, we show that [Formula: see text] for integers [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, we investigate the log-concavity and the third-order Turán inequality for [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text].
Electrical Characteristics and Analytical Modeling of GAA-Based Nanowire FeFET
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Chaudhary Tarun , Wadhwa Girish , Thakur Anchal , Raj Balwinder
Published: October 2024

The electrical characteristics of the ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) are analyzed numerically and presented in this paper. The metal–ferroelectric–insulator–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MFISFET), among the primary structures, is taken into consideration. The nonsaturated hysteresis loop of the ferroelectric material is described by a novel analytical calculation for the relation of polarization against electric field (P–E). The combined impact of the nonuniform concentrations of electric field charge throughout the channel and the nonsaturated polarization of ferroelectric layers are considered to create a more realistic modeling. The proposed research work also provides an in-depth study of the electrical properties of the GAA-based Nanowire FeFET, exploring important variables including transconductance, subthreshold swing, as well as a threshold voltage. The analytical insights derived from the mathematical framework are consistent with the simulated results obtained with the ATLAS 3D simulator.
Efficacy of Biogenic Zinc Sulfide NPs Against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Aarthye P. , Sureshkumar M. , Subash-Babu Pandurangan , Ahmed Mohammad Z. , Sivasankaran Ayyaru
Published: October 2024

Green synthesis of nanoparticles through biogenic methods and plant secondary metabolites has gained significant importance due to their faster reduction rates, making them a more environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative to traditional chemical and physical methods. This study presents a sustainable method for synthesizing fluorescent ZnS nanocrystals using Allium sativum extract. The synthesis utilizes sulfur-rich cysteine compounds and templating agents such as alkaloids and flavonoids of the Allium sativum extract. The resulting ZnS NPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, while FE-SEM revealed an average particle size of 128[Formula: see text]nm and TEM showed particle size in the range of 42–78[Formula: see text]nm. The optical investigations reports showed that the biosynthesized ZnS NPs had an energy band gap of 4.9[Formula: see text]eV with absorption and excitation wavelengths of 214[Formula: see text]nm and 460[Formula: see text]nm, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity assays showed significant anticancer activity against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 58.2[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL.
All Inorganic CsPbBr3 Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Preferential Crystallization of Buried Interface Regulated by CsCl
Authors: Yang Zhenyu , Yang Jiandong , Chen Yan , Zhang Wenhui , Lin Feng , Yang Wenshu , Fu Wuyou
Published: October 2024

Compared to organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs), all inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells have higher stability but lower efficiency. Owing to the low solid solubility of CsBr in methyl alcohol, an incomplete first-step reaction with PbBr2 reaction takes place at room temperature. As a result, a large amount of CsPb2Br5 is generated in the final CsPbBr3 film, which deteriorates the performance of CsPbBr3 PSCs. Along these lines, in this work, CsCl was added to increase the reaction between CsBr and PbBr2 in the first step and high-quality CsPbBr3 films were prepared without CsPb2Br5. Our analysis demonstrated that at the optimal CsCl concentration of 6% in CsBr solution, the CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 7.33%. The best device retained 98.57% of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) after storing it for 30 days under ambient air condition.
Stability and bifurcation of HIV-1 infection model with latent reservoir, cell-to-cell transmission and immune impairment
Authors: Han Jiawen , Xu Rui
Published: October 2024

In this paper, HIV-1 model with latent reservoir, cell-to-cell transmission mechanism, immune impairment, and time delay for immune response is investigated. The basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] and the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) immune response reproductive number [Formula: see text] are derived by calculation. The local stability of each equilibrium is studied by analyzing corresponding characteristic equations. By choosing time delay for immune response as bifurcation parameter, the existence of Hopf bifurcation at the immune-activated equilibrium is established. By means of Lyapunov functionals and LaSalle’s invariance principle, it is obtained that the infection-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable as [Formula: see text]. When [Formula: see text], the immune-inactivated equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. When [Formula: see text] and the time delay equals to zero, the immune-activated equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. Numerical simulations are performed to illustrate the analytical results.
On Freedman’s link packings
Authors: Manin Fedor , Portnoy Elia
Published: October 2024

Recently, Freedman introduced the idea of packing a maximal number of links into a bounded region subject to geometric constraints, and produced upper bounds on the packing number in some cases, while commenting that these bounds seemed far too large. We show that the smallest of these “extravagantly large” bounds is in fact sharp by constructing, for any link, a packing of exponentially many copies as a function of the available volume. We also produce improved and generalized upper bounds.
Phototherapy and optogenetic stimulation improve cognitive function in sleep-deprived mice
Authors: Li Na , Li Xuechun , Jiang Zhongdi , Shi Xiafei , Wu Huancheng , Liu Yi , Yin Huijuan , Chen Hongli
Published: October 2024

The hippocampus is the brain structure that is responsible for the formation of learning memories. Sleep disorders leading to cognitive impairment are strongly associated with the hippocampus. Phototherapy offers a new physical therapy for the treatment of sleep disorders, with the advantages of being noninvasive and having few side effects. However, the mechanism by which phototherapy improves cognitive impairment caused by sleep disorders remains unclear. In this study, we used phototherapy combined with optogenetic technology to investigate the effect of noninvasive phototherapy on cognitive functions in sleep-deprived mice. Our results suggest that phototherapy might improve cognitive functions in sleep-deprived mice by modulating the hippocampus. Our study expands the research progress on noninvasive phototherapy for the treatment of sleep disorders.
Label-free rat brain traumatic penumbra imaging based on multiphoton fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Jiang Shanghai , Guo Pan , Ai Li , Li Yuancan , Chen Le , Zhong Jie , Yang Hua , Lu Hong
Published: October 2024

Traumatic penumbra (TP) is a region with recoverable potential around the primary lesion of brain injury. Rapid and accurate imaging for identifying TP is essential for treating traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study, we first established traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in rats using a modified Feeney method, followed by label-free imaging of brain tissue sections with multiphoton fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that the technique effectively imaged normal and traumatic brain tissues, and revealed pathological features such as extracellular matrix changes, vascular cell proliferation, and intracellular edema in the traumatic penumbra. Compared with normal brain tissue, the extracellular matrix in the TP was sparse, cells were disorganized, and hyperplastic vascular cells emitted higher two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) signals. Our research demonstrates the potential of multiphoton fluorescence technology in the rapid diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of TBI.
Prophecy: Ben-Gurion and the Ascendency of China
Authors: Shichor Yitzhak
Published: October 2024

Unlike many, or most, Western leaders, David Ben-Gurion, Israel’s first prime minister and primary founder, had become interested in Asia, and especially India and later even more in China, since the 1930s. He predicted the disintegration of colonialism, the liberation of Asian countries, and the emergence of China not only as one of the world’s great powers, but as the greatest. From the very beginning, he criticized Washington’s support of the Kuomintang’s corrupted regime and, following the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, blocking its admission to the United Nations as a colossal foreign policy mistake. In a number of papers, speeches, interviews, and conversations, Ben-Gurion expected President Kennedy to correct this mistake and regarded U.S. involvement in Vietnam as another mistake. Long before his death in December 1973, he had warned of the gradual and relative weakening of the United States in contrast to the eventual rise of China in military, economic, and technological terms. He also underlined that Moscow, rather than Beijing, is Washington’s main enemy and that the essence of the conflict between China and the Soviet Union is not ideological but primarily territorial, related to lands occupied by Russia since the 17th century, which China would never forget nor forgive. Along with his other prophecies (Israel’s peace with Egypt, European unity, and the Soviet collapse), his conclusion that Washington would have no choice but to resume its partnership with China soon materialized.
How do Large Language Models understand Genes and Cells
Authors: Fang Chen , Wang Yidong , Song Yunze , Long Qingqing , Lu Wang , Chen Linghui , Feng Guihai , Zhou Yuanchun , Li Xin
Published: October 2024

Researching genes and their interactions is crucial for deciphering the fundamental laws of cellular activity, advancing disease treatment, drug discovery, and more. Large language Models (LLMs), with their profound text comprehension and generation capabilities, have made significant strides across various natural science fields. However, their application in cell biology remains limited and a systematic evaluation of their performance is lacking. To address this gap, in this paper, we select seven mainstream LLMs and evaluate their performance across nine gene-related problem scenarios. Our findings indicate that LLMs possess a certain level of understanding of genes and cells, but still lag behind domain-specific models in comprehending transcriptional expression profiles. Moreover, we have improved the current method of textual representation of cells, enhancing the LLMs’ ability to tackle cell annotation tasks. We encourage cell biology researchers to leverage LLMs for problem-solving while being mindful of the associated challenges. We release our code and data at
https://github.com/epang-ucas/Evaluate_LLMs_to_Genes
.
Improvements to Quantum Interior Point Method for Linear Optimization
Authors: Mohammadisiahroudi Mohammadhossein , Wu Zeguan , Augustino Brandon , Carr Arielle , Terlaky Tamás
Published: October 2024

Quantum linear system algorithms (QLSAs) have the potential to speed up Interior Point Methods (IPMs). However, a major bottleneck is the inexactness of quantum tomography to extract classical solutions from quantum states. In addition, QLSAs are sensitive to the condition number, and this sensitivity is exacerbated when the Newton systems arising in IPMs converge to a singular matrix. Recently, an Inexact Feasible Quantum IPM (IF-QIPM) has been developed that addresses the inexactness of QLSAs. However, this method requires a large number of gates and qubits to be implemented. Here, we propose a new IF-QIPM using the normal equation system, which requires fewer gates and qubits. To mitigate the sensitivity to the condition number and other input data-related parameters, we use preconditioning coupled with iterative refinement to obtain better complexity. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on IBM Qiskit simulators.
How Economically Marginalized Adolescents of Color Negotiate Critical Pedagogy in a Computing Classroom
Authors: Salac Jean , Armstrong Lena , Kivuva F. Megumi , Everson Jayne , Ko Amy J.
Published: October 2024

Background and Context
: With the growing movement to adopt critical framings of computing, scholars have worked to reframe computing education from the narrow development of programming skills to skills in identifying and resisting oppressive structures in computing. However, we have little guidance on how these framings may manifest in classroom practice.

Objectives
: To better understand the processes and practice of critical pedagogy in a computing classrooms, we taught a critically conscious computing elective within a summer academic program at a northwest United States university targeted at secondary students (ages 14–18) from low-income backgrounds and would be the first in their families to pursue a post-secondary education (i.e., first-generation). We investigated: (1) our participants’ initial perceptions of and attitudes toward the benefits and perils of computing, and (2) potential tensions that might emerge when secondary students negotiate the integration of critical pedagogy in a computing classroom.

Methods
: We qualitatively coded participant work from a critically conscious computing course within a summer academic program in the United States focused on students from low-income backgrounds or would be the first in their family to pursue a post-secondary education.

Findings
: Our participants’ initial attitudes toward technology were mostly positive, but exhibited an awareness of its negative impacts on their lives and society. Throughout the course, while participants demonstrated a rich social consciousness around technology, they faced challenges in addressing hegemonic values embedded in their programs, designs, and other classwork.

Implications
: Our findings revealed tensions between our participants’ computing attitudes, knowledge, self-efficacy, and social consciousness, suggesting pathways for scaffolding the critical examination of technology in secondary education. This study provides insights into the pedagogical content knowledge necessary for critical computing education.
Navigating the AI Frontier: A guide for ethical academic writing
Authors: Ros Timothy , Samuel Anita
Published: October 2024

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into various sectors has raised significant ethical concerns, particularly in academic writing. This article examines the impact of generative AI (GAI) tools, such as ChatGPT, on the academic writing process. While these tools offer the potential to enhance efficiency and creativity, they also present challenges related to authorship, plagiarism, and academic integrity. The article explores key concerns, including privacy, validity, and bias, associated with GAI tools. It further provides guidelines for the ethical use of AI in academic manuscripts, emphasizing the importance of transparency and the careful documentation of AI contributions. By adhering to these ethical principles, scholars can harness AI's capabilities to advance academic research while maintaining the integrity of scholarly publishing.
Case 330: Ovarian Torsion in the Setting of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
Authors: Zulfiqar Maria , Khafaji Fatima Al , Wasson Megan
Published: October 2024

History

A 30-year-old female patient with a history of infertility and no pregnancy presented to the gynecologic endometriosis clinic for follow-up 1 month after oocyte retrieval, to be evaluated for pelvic optimization before potential embryo transfer, with worsening dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and overall pelvic pain. Eleven years prior, the patient had undergone left ovarian cystectomy for treatment of endometrioma, as well as excision of deep infiltrating endometriosis. The oocyte retrieval procedure, where more than 30 eggs were retrieved, was complicated by ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and intraperitoneal bleeding, which necessitated admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) for 3 days. Following discharge from the ICU, the patient experienced occasional on-and-off pressure of the urinary bladder and persistent aching pelvic pain.

At the 1-month follow-up appointment, the patient’s vital signs were assessed (blood pressure, 142/94 mm Hg; pulse rate, 95 per minute; temperature, 96.8 °F [36 °C]). Routine blood investigations, including white blood cell count, were within normal limits. Physical examination showed the abdomen was soft but there was mild pelvic tenderness. The serum β–human chorionic gonadotropin test result was negative for pregnancy, and urinalysis testing showed no leukocyte esterase or nitrites. MRI of the pelvis was performed to evaluate the worsening pain.
Case 334
Authors: Brun-Vergara Maria L. , Zakhari Nader , Torres Carlos H.
Published: October 2024

History

A 30-year-old female patient who was 25 weeks pregnant presented to the emergency department with a 1-month history of mild headache and 2 weeks of progressive somnolence and photophobia accompanied by binocular horizontal diplopia and right gaze deviation. The patient also described new neck pain with passive head movements, without neck stiffness. Overall, the pregnancy was uncomplicated, with no high-risk features. Fever, chills, cough, shortness of breath, and abdominal or chest pain were denied. The patient had no history of rash, intravenous drug use, immunosuppressive medication use, or documented congenital abnormalities. She had not traveled recently, although she lived in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 2 years prior to presentation. There was no recent or recurrent bacterial or viral illness. At clinical examination, the patient exhibited a decreased level of alertness and appeared tired. Vital signs were unremarkable, with a normal temperature (37.1 °C). Cranial nerve assessment revealed mild right abducens nerve palsy; neurologic examination was otherwise normal. Fundoscopic examination showed moderate grade 3 papilledema, left greater than right, with obscuration of some of the vessels leaving the disk. A CT scan of the head at admission was interpreted as normal ( Fig 1 ). MRI of the brain performed 5 days later, due to persistent symptoms, revealed infratentorial and supratentorial imaging abnormalities ( Figs 2 – 5 ). Lumbar puncture revealed high cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure (32 cm H2O; upper limit of normal, 25 cm H2O). The CSF was clear, and analysis revealed an elevated total nucleated cell count (136 ×106/L; reference range, 0–5 ×106/L), with predominant lymphocytic moderate pleocytosis (100 ×106/L; reference range, 0–5 ×106/L) (59% lymphocytes) and normal glucose (3.3 mmol/L; reference range, 2.2–3.9 mmol/L) and normal total protein (0.27 g/L; reference range, 0.16–0.49 g/L) levels. Blood culture results for mycobacteria and anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms showed no growth. Findings from extensive additional diagnostic workup, including serologic testing for herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, enterovirus, Brucella, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, and mycobacteria, were negative. The HIV test result was negative, and the CD4 lymphocyte count and complement and immunoglobulin levels were within normal range. Autoimmune screening results were also negative.
Human short-latency reflexes show precise short-term gain adaptation after prior motion
Authors: Stratmann Philipp , Schmidt Annika , Höppner Hannes , van der Smagt Patrick , Meindl Tobias , Franklin David W. , Albu-Schäffer Alin
Published: October 2024

Our results expose a new spinal cord mechanism that modulates motoneuron gains, uniquely equipped to adapt movement in changing environments: it acts with joint-specific precision, reacts quickly to mechanical changes, and still persists long enough to accumulate information across movement cycles. The overall motoneuron gain across joints can be scaled down by an antagonist to serotonergic neuromodulation, whereas its joint specificity is unaffected by the antagonist and thus due to a complementary, unknown spinal mechanism.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With Elongated Mitral Valve Leaflets: Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Results
Authors: Liu Xianying , McGrath Daniel , Ohlrich Kelly , Chen Frederick Y. , Lee Lawrence S. , Robich Michael
Published: October 2024

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is commonly associated with mitral valve pathology. A large majority of patients with HCM have elongated anterior and posterior mitral leaflets. There remains debate regarding the necessity and role of concomitant mitral valve surgery at the time of septal myectomy. We aimed to describe the characteristics and share our surgical experiences with this specific group of patients.

Methods: This retrospective single‐center study investigates adult patients with HCM, with or without elongated mitral valve leaflets (MVLs), who underwent elective septal myectomy with or without concomitant mitral valve intervention, between January 1, 2016, and June 30, 2020. Clinical data were obtained from institutional medical records as well as the Society of Thoracic Surgeons data registry. The clinical characteristics and in‐hospital surgical outcomes were compared between patients with an elongated MVL and those without.

Results: In total, 379 patients underwent septal myectomy, and 22 patients with intrinsic mitral valve disease were excluded. In addition, 23 patients were excluded due to missing data. Of the remaining 334 patients, 131 (39.2%) had elongated MVL and concomitant MVL plication. Patients with elongated MVL had higher rates of preoperative mitral valve systolic anterior motion (SAM) (94.7% vs. 86.7%, p = 0.019) and higher preoperative provoked left ventricular outflow tract gradient (LVOTG) (134.5 mmHg versus 125.3 mmHg, p = 0.046). Post septal myectomy and mitral valve plication, they had lower rates of postoperative residual mitral regurgitation (3.8% vs. 12.8%, p = 0.006), comparable rates of residual SAM (28.2% vs. 31.5%, p = 0.524), postoperative provoked LVOTG (15.4 mmHg vs. 14.0 mmHg, p = 0.317), 30‐day major adverse cardiopulmonary events (2.3% vs. 3.9%, p = 0.409), and mortality (0% vs. 1.0%, p = 0.255).

Conclusions: Elongated MVLs contribute more significantly to dynamic LVOT obstruction, as evidenced during provocative testing. Concomitant mitral valve intervention during septal myectomy can be performed safely and may provide an effective strategy to resolve SAM and stress‐induced LVOTG.
Study on the Effect of Cyclic Loading on the Geomechanics of Sandstone Reservoirs in Gas Storage
Authors: Xiaolong Zhao , Yizhong Zhao , Dongying Wang , Zhuyu Zhao , Yue Deng , Chuanliang Yan , Gang Chen , Wei Liang , Zehao Lv
Published: October 2024

In the implementation process of carbon capture and storage (CCS), the geomechanical problems arising from the cyclic injection of carbon dioxide into the formation cannot be ignored. To clarify the influence of cyclic loading on the geomechanics properties of reservoir rocks, cyclic loading tests were carried out on rocks in sandstone reservoirs with the RTR‐2000 Rock Mechanics Test System, and the evolution of compressive strength, elastic modulus, and Poisson’s ratio parameters was analyzed, which revealed the law of the geomechanical deterioration and damage evolution of sandstone reservoirs under cyclic loading. The results show that under the same cyclic load, when the number of cycles is increased to a certain degree, the influence on the peak strength is small. As the number of cycles increases, the modulus of elasticity of rock appears to be increasing and then decreasing, whereas a rapid increase in Poisson’s ratio and a slow increase in Poisson’s ratio occur with the increase in the number of cycles. Under the same number of cycles, the peak strength of the core gradually decreased with the increase of the maximum cyclic stress. When the cyclic load was smaller than the yield stress of the core, the effect of cyclic loading on the strength of the core was small, and when the cyclic load was larger than the yield stress, the effect of cyclic loading on the strength increased significantly. With the increase of cyclic load, the modulus of elasticity showed a tendency to increase and then decrease, and Poisson’s ratio had a tendency of decreasing and the overall degree of change was small.
Supplementary Legend from A NGS-based Blood Test For the Diagnosis of Invasive HPV-associated Carcinomas with Extensive Viral Genomic Characterization
Authors: Sastre-Garau Xavier , Diop Mamadou , Martin Fernando , Dolivet Gilles , Marchal Frédéric , Charra-Brunaud Claire , Peiffert Didier , Leufflen Léa , Dembélé Birama , Demange Jessica , Tosti Priscillia , Thomas Jacques , Leroux Agnès , Merlin Jean-Louis , Diop-Ndiaye Halimatou , Costa Jean-Marc , Salleron Julia , Harlé Alexandre
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Legend
Supplementary Data from The Prognostic Role of MYC Structural Variants Identified by NGS and FISH in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Sharma Neeraj , Smadbeck James B. , Abdallah Nadine , Zepeda-Mendoza Cinthya , Binder Moritz , Pearce Kathryn E. , Asmann Yan W. , Peterson Jess F. , Ketterling Rhett P. , Greipp Patricia T. , Bergsagel P. Leif , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Kumar Shaji K. , Baughn Linda B.
Published: October 2024

Supplemental materials and methods and tables
REMARK Checklist from Prognostic and Predictive Value of HER2 Expression in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: Results from the UK/ANZ DCIS Randomized Trial
Authors: Thorat Mangesh A. , Levey Pauline M. , Jones J. Louise , Pinder Sarah E. , Bundred Nigel J. , Fentiman Ian S. , Cuzick Jack
Published: October 2024

REMARK Checklist
Supplemental Figure 3 from The Prognostic Role of MYC Structural Variants Identified by NGS and FISH in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Sharma Neeraj , Smadbeck James B. , Abdallah Nadine , Zepeda-Mendoza Cinthya , Binder Moritz , Pearce Kathryn E. , Asmann Yan W. , Peterson Jess F. , Ketterling Rhett P. , Greipp Patricia T. , Bergsagel P. Leif , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Kumar Shaji K. , Baughn Linda B.
Published: October 2024

Supplemental Figure 3 shows schematic diagrams of 5 different MYC SVs and their interphase MYC FISH results
Table S1 from A Phase II Trial of the Bruton Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitor Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111) in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Waldenström Macroglobulinemia
Authors: An Gang , Zhou Daobin , Cheng Shu , Zhou Keshu , Li Jianyong , Zhou Jianfeng , Xie Liping , Jin Jie , Zhong Liye , Yan Lingzhi , Guo Haiyi , Du Chenmu , Zhong Jinhua , Yu Yiling , Wu Binghao , Qiu Lugui
Published: October 2024

Mutation status and bone marrow involvement by biopsy at baseline in Chinese patients with R/R WM.
Data from A NGS-based Blood Test For the Diagnosis of Invasive HPV-associated Carcinomas with Extensive Viral Genomic Characterization
Authors: Sastre-Garau Xavier , Diop Mamadou , Martin Fernando , Dolivet Gilles , Marchal Frédéric , Charra-Brunaud Claire , Peiffert Didier , Leufflen Léa , Dembélé Birama , Demange Jessica , Tosti Priscillia , Thomas Jacques , Leroux Agnès , Merlin Jean-Louis , Diop-Ndiaye Halimatou , Costa Jean-Marc , Salleron Julia , Harlé Alexandre
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurpose:
Use of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for diagnosis is limited regarding the low number of target molecules in early-stage tumors. Human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated carcinomas represent a privileged model using circulating viral DNA (ctHPV DNA) as a tumor marker. However, the plurality of HPV genotypes represents a challenge. The next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based CaptHPV approach is able to characterize any HPV DNA sequence. To assess the ability of this method to establish the diagnosis of HPV-associated cancer via a blood sample, we analyzed ctHPV DNA in HPV-positive or HPV-negative carcinomas.
Experimental Design:
Patients (135) from France and Senegal with carcinoma developed in the uterine cervix (74), oropharynx (25), oral cavity (19), anus (12), and vulva (5) were prospectively registered. Matched tumor tissue and blood samples (10 mL) were taken before treatment and independently analyzed using the CaptHPV method.
Results:
HPV prevalence in tumors was 60.0% (81/135; 15 different genotypes). Viral analysis of plasmas compared with tumors was available for 134 patients. In the group of 80 patients with HPV-positive tumors, 77 were also positive in plasma (sensitivity 95.0%); in the group of 54 patients with HPV-negative tumors, one was positive in plasma (specificity 98.1%). In most cases, the complete HPV pattern observed in tumors could be established from the analysis of ctHPV DNA.
Conclusions:
In patients with carcinoma associated with any HPV genotype, a complete viral genome characterization can be obtained via the analysis of a standard blood sample. This should favor the development of noninvasive diagnostic tests providing the identification of personalized tumor markers.

See related commentary by Rostami et al., p. 5158
Data from Prognostic and Predictive Value of HER2 Expression in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: Results from the UK/ANZ DCIS Randomized Trial
Authors: Thorat Mangesh A. , Levey Pauline M. , Jones J. Louise , Pinder Sarah E. , Bundred Nigel J. , Fentiman Ian S. , Cuzick Jack
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurpose:
HER2 is overexpressed more frequently in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) than in invasive breast cancer but its prognostic significance and predictive role for radiotherapy has not been clearly established. We investigated the prognostic and predictive value of HER2 overexpression in DCIS.
Experimental Design:
HER2 expression was evaluated by IHC using the HercepTest™ in samples from UK/ANZ DCIS trial participants (n = 755) with IHC 3+ expression categorized as HER2 positive for primary analyses. Sensitivity analyses included HER2 categorization as negative (IHC 0,1+), equivocal (IHC 2+), and positive (IHC 3+) and analyses restricted to a nested case–control component where 181 cases (with recurrence) were matched to 362 controls by treatment arm and age.
Results:
Two-hundred and forty-five (34.4%) of evaluable 713 samples [181 ipsilateral breast events (IBE)] were HER2 positive. HER2 overexpression was associated with significantly increased risk of IBE [HR = 2.29; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.64–3.14; P < 0.0001] and in situ IBE (DCIS-IBE; HR = 2.90; 95% CI, 1.91–4.40; P < 0.0001), but not of invasive IBE (I-IBE; HR = 1.40; 95% CI, 0.81–2.42; P = 0.23; Pheterogeneity = 0.04). Inclusion of HER2 significantly improved [Δχ2 (1d.f.) 12.25; P = 0.0005] a prognostic model of clinicopathological and treatment variables, HER2 being an independent predictor of IBE (multivariate HR = 1.91; 95% CI, 1.33–2.76; P = 0.0004). Radiotherapy benefit in preventing DCIS-IBE was significantly greater (Pheterogeneity = 0.04) in HER2-positive DCIS (HR = 0.16; 95% CI, 0.07–0.41) compared with HER2-negative DCIS (HR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.28–1.19).
Conclusions:
HER2 overexpression is associated with significantly increased risk of in situ recurrence and is also predictive of radiotherapy benefit, with greater reductions in in situ but not invasive recurrences in HER2-positive DCIS.