bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Festskrift til en idéhistorisk opdrager – og opdager: Til Jens Erik Kristensen efter 40 år i universitetets tjeneste
Authors: Øllgaard Jørgen , Nielsen Henrik Kaare , Hauge Hans , Christensen Søren , Thorup Mikkel , Raffnsøe Sverre , Stjernfelt Frederik , Gosvig Olesen Søren , Lieberkind Jonas , Fink Hans , de Coninck-Smith Ning , Korsgaard Ove , Nepper Larsen Steen , Larsen Philip , Knudsen Hanne , Geer Hammershøj Lars , Sæverot Herner
Published: December 2023

De talrige og mangeartede bidrag i dette festskrift til Jens Erik Kristensen tegner både et billede af en usædvanlig afholdt og alsidig idehistoriker, forsker og underviser og bærer samtidig vidnesbyrd om genkommende temaer, analytiske mønstre og kritisk-teoretiske tilgange, som har fulgt Jens Erik Kristensen siden studietiden i 1970erne og de første ansættelser på Aarhus Universitet i starten af 1980erne. Festskriftet indeholder bidrag fra kolleger og samarbejdspartnere gennem en menneskealder. Tekster, der handler om Jens Erik Kristensen og tekster til Jens Erik Kristensen. Om de spor han krydsede, og de spor han satte sig. De beretter på den ene side om, hvad Jens Erik Kristensen nu forlader ligesom det på den anden side er tydeligt, at en særegen og markant forsker og underviser efterlader sig et tomrum på sit alma mater og vigtigere: i de skiftende miljøer hvor han har udlevet sine akademiske idealer. Bidragenes genremæssige og stilistiske forskellighed afspejler også Kristensens vidtforgrenede interesser og forbindelser, ligesom de åbenlyst er skrevet som en cadeau og en tak – selvsagt uden panegyrik – til en akademisk figur, der aldrig har søgt spotlyset, men tværtom bevaret en spirende nysgerrighed og generøst skrevet og samarbejdet med et utal af forskellige kolleger og på tværs af discipliner og faggrænser.
Engelskpåvirkningen af dansk skriftsprog
Authors: Andersen Margrethe Heidemann
Published: December 2023

In this article I describe some of the results of the project ”Yes, det er coolt. Om påvirkning af dansk fra andre sprog” (“Yes, it’s coolt. On foreign influence on the Danish language”). The project is a continuation of a Nordic research project in which the use of words from foreign languages (mainly English) in Nordic newspapers from 1975 and 2000 was described. One of the most important results from the new research project was that even though we still mainly borrow words from the English language, the amount of English words in Danish has not increased in the period from 2000 till 2016. Another important result is that we borrow more verbs from English than before, e.g. verbs as facebooke, hacke and maile (with a Danish inflectional e) which are associated with the internet and to the social media.
Ideological and thematic originality of M. Pavlov’s novel «Fate»
Authors: Belyaeva Tatyana Nikolaevna , Guseva Nadezhda Vasilevna
Published: December 2023

This article presents an analysis of the novel «Fate» by one of the talented prose writers of Mari literature of the beginning of the 21st century Mikhail Prokopyevich Pavlov. In 1999, for his publication, he became the laureate of the republican periodical magazine «Onchyko» prize. And in 2011, the Council of the Program of Related Peoples of Estonia, together with the Association of Finno-Ugric Literatures, awarded Mikhail Prokopyevich Pavlov the Literary Prize in the category of prose fiction for the collection «The silhouette of the lattice», which included this novel. Despite the high estimation, the work of the national prose writer remains poorly studied. The writer reveals the dramatic events of this period: the repressions of the 1937 and the plight of family members of the repressed, life “behind bars”, the tragic events of the Great Patriotic War, the difficult post-war years and the time of socio-economic restructuring period (1970-1990s). The use of the cultural-historical research method made it possible to analyze the history of the Mari people of the 20th century through the prism of the fates of its heroes. The external and internal struggle of the characters for a free and happy life is convincingly shown, the characters and circumstances born and conditioned by a certain socio-historical situation are well revealed, and the mentality of the people is shown. The writer’s focus is on the hero’s ideological and moral search for truth, goodness, justice, personal happiness and well-being. Therefore, the narrative is very psychological. The writer leads to the idea that such qualities as a sense of justice, kindness, hard work, mutual assistance and mutual understanding, the ability to love and sacrifice themselves in the name of this feeling remain the main measures of human life and the foundations of society.
La articulación territorial como catalizador de subjetividades políticas: un estudio de caso con organizaciones sociales en Valparaíso, Chile
Authors: Koch Tomás , Rodríguez-Mancilla Marcelo , Ramirez Karin
Published: December 2023

La revuelta social chilena de octubre del 2019 levantó la hipótesis de la emergencia de un nuevo sujeto político. En este marco, este trabajo busca comprender la relación entre la reconfiguración de subjetividades políticas y las dinámicas de articulación territorial. Para ello, analiza el discurso de 56 dirigentes sociales de Valparaíso, en Chile. El análisis muestra que las dinámicas de articulación territorial se vinculan con los procesos de reconstrucción de subjetividades políticas accionando mediaciones de orden material, simbólico y afectivo. Se concluye que la construcción de un nuevo sujeto político es parte de una disputa por la hegemonía centrada en la necesidad de superar la subjetividad neoliberal.
A família, a criança e a parentalidade no debate noticioso: residência alternada como lei
Authors: Marinho Sofia
Published: December 2023

A partir da análise de conteúdo mista de artigos de jornal, o artigo investiga representações da família, da criança e das práticas paternas e maternas nas notícias sobre a inclusão da residência alternada (RA) na lei. Os opositores da RA usaram o modelo tradicional de parentalidade e família para evocar a família perigosa, ideal, privatizada; a criança em risco; o pai perigoso e inadequado; e a mãe em risco. Com base no igualitarismo, os apoiantes retrataram a família igualitária, desigual, em mudança; a criança relacional e com direitos; o pai discriminado, cuidador e reconstruído; e a mãe perigosa, resistente à mudança e sobrecarregada.
Avaliação de risco em uma carteira teórica de ações: um estudo com base na Teoria do Portfólio de Markowitz
Authors: Kohatsu Kati Mari Sayuri , Aranha José Aparecido Moura , Brandão Danilo da Costa
Published: December 2023

A possibilidade de buscar conhecimento sobre as alternativas disponíveis para poupar não é de fácil compreensão, enseja ao investidor uma multiplicidade de opções para obter rendimentos acima da poupança. O investimento em ações negociadas na Bolsa, Brasil Balcão (B3), pode ser uma boa oportunidade de obter melhors ganhos. No entanto, devido a sua alta volatilidade faz-se  necessário que o investidor se previna e faça uma análise acerca dos ativos que deseja adquirir. Para conseguir remunerações maiores é imprescindível que esteja exposto a riscos mais elevados. Nesse sentido pergunta-se como minimizar o risco do investidor no mercado de ações? O trabalho tem por objetivo propor a construção de carteiras teóricas de ações com menor risco. Para esse fim foi utilizada a Teoria de Portifólio (Portifolio Selection) proposta por Markowitz em 1952. O trabalho é de natureza aplicada e descritiva em termos de seus objetivos com abordagem quantitativa e, quanto aos procedimentos é documental e bibliográfica. Foi utilizada uma amostra de cotações mensais de ações de 220 companhias listadas na B3 no período de 31.08.2021 a 29.07.2022 que permitiram construir três portfólios cujos resultados comprovaram que carteiras com títulos negativamente correlacionados minimizam o risco para o investidor.
Determination of Functional, Rheological and Antioxidant Properties of a Developed Good Quality Composite Wheat-Sologold Sweet Potato Flour for Bakery Products
Authors: Adebisi Olosunde William , Tosin Paul , Okon Antia Orua
Published: December 2023

Sologold sweet potato flour is a nutritious flour that contains valuable antioxidants and functional compounds which is suitable for bakery production. The high consumption of baked products prepared wholly from wheat flour can lead to health related challenges such as celiac disease, gluten related allergies, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. These anomalies can be prevented through the incorporation of sologold sweet potato flour with high antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties into the wheat flour for the production of such baked products. Therefore, it is essential to determine best blend flour quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the functional, rheological and antioxidant properties of a developed composite wheat-sologold flour for bakery products. Complete randomized design (CRD) was employed and the composite flour properties were determined using the Association of official analytical chemist methods. The result of this study shows that sample B3 is the best blend composite. However, sample A1 had no phenolic and anthocyanin contents while sample A2 had the highest total phenolic (42.4), anthocyanin content (48.5) and reducing power (65.8gFe/gfw) while B1 exhibited the lowest reducing power (18.2gFe/gfw). The optimum blend B3 had total phenolic content of 16.5 mgGAE/100gfw, total anthocyanin content of 12.5 mgCyE/100gfw, DPPH 23.8%, FRAP 27.0 mgFe/gfw, peak viscousity 699.1 RVU, bulk density 0.80 g/ml, water absorption capacity 2.20g/g, oil absorption capacity 1.75g/g, peak time 4.4mins and pasting temperature of 799oC.The peak viscosity, final viscosity and set back values showed a significant decrease with the addition of sologold sweet potato flour which resulted in reduction in swelling. Thus, the composite flour optimum blend from sologold sweet potato is a valuable ingredient for developing healthy and functional baked products that promotes health and well-being.
Effect of Levels of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Growth, Yield and Economics of Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)
Authors: Rawat Arti , Singh Sudhakar , Pandey Deepak , Chanda S. S. , Singh P. K. , Kumar Veerendra , Singh Vishal , Singh Gajendra
Published: December 2023

The present investigation was carried out in Rabi (winter) season 2022-23 at Agronomy Research Farm of Chandra Bhanu Gupta Post Graduate College, Bakshi ka Talab, Lucknow (U.P). The treatments comprised of four nitrogen levels viz., 0, 15, 30 and 45 kg N ha-1 with four phosphorus levels viz., 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P2O5 were tried in Factorial Randomized Block Design. The soil was silty-loam texture with slightly alkaline pH 8.1, organic carbon 0.70 %, available nitrogen 270.00 kg ha-1, available phosphorus 27.0 kg ha-1, and available potash 262.0 kg ha-1 during 2022- 2023. The rainfall received during the crop period was 0.00 and 0.02 mm, respectively. The relative humidity was recorded maximum during month of December study while, the sunshine ranged from 2.3 to 9.1 during crop period. Increasing levels of nitrogen and phosphorus significantly increased most of the growth and yield attributing characters viz., plant height, number of branches, dry matter accumulation and yield attributes viz., number of pods plant-1, number of grains pod-1, grain weight and test weight were significantly higher with 45 kg N ha-1 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and superior to other doses of nitrogen and phosphorus. Yield studies viz., Grain yield, straw yield and biological yield were significantly higher with 45 kg N ha-1 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and superior to other doses of nitrogen and phosphorus. The N and P content % and uptake increased with increasing levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. The highest nutrient content and uptake were recorded with 45 kg N ha-1 with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1. Economics analysis viz., gross return, net return and benefit cost ratio was recorded highest with 45 kg N ha-1 + 60 kg P2O5 while lowest with control. Thus for obtaining better yield and profit apply 45 kg N ha-1 in combination with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 for lentil.
Advancements in Drone Technology for Fruit Crop Management: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Anushi  , Jain Shubham , Bhujel Sudarshana , Shrivastava Ujjwal , Rishabh  , Mohapatra Amrita , Rimpika  , Mishra Gopa
Published: December 2023

Drones, or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), equipped with advanced sensors and imaging capabilities, have revolutionized the way farmers monitor and manage fruit crops. Aerial surveillance enables high-resolution imaging of orchards and vineyards, allowing for early detection of diseases, pests, and other stress factors that can impact crop health. The data collected by drones facilitate precise and targeted interventions, optimizing resource use and enhancing overall crop productivity. Additionally, drones contribute to yield estimation, canopy management, and post-harvest monitoring. While the technology offers significant advantages, challenges such as payload limitations, weather sensitivity, and regulatory compliance must be addressed. Ongoing research and technological advancements are expected to overcome these limitations, further establishing drones as indispensable tools for sustainable and efficient fruit crop management. This review consolidates current knowledge, highlights emerging trends, and outlines future prospects for the integration of drone technology in fruit agriculture.
Impact of Crop Load on Growth, Flowering and Fruiting in Apple cv. Gala Redlum
Authors: Khan Ishtiyaq A. , Hassan Saima , Mir M. A. , Nisar Shemoo , Khalil Aroosa , Amin Zakir
Published: December 2023

This study assesses the influence of varying crop loads on growth, return bloom and fruiting traits with a focus on trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA)in High-Density Apple Cultivar Gala Redlum, Study was conducted at the experimental field of the Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, during 2021-2022.The experiment, organized in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, utilized 4-year-old "Gala Redlum" plants. The trees were hand-thinned to 4, 6, 8, 10 fruits per cm2 of TCSA, with a control group undergoing no thinning. Results indicated that the highest values for annual shoot length (36.40 cm), return bloom (111.50 flower clusters/tree), fruit length (68.49 mm), fruit diameter (75.07 mm), and fruit weight (191.62 g) in the C2 treatment (4 fruits per cm2 of TCSA). Following closely, the C3 treatment (6 fruits per cm2 of TCSA) exhibited substantial values for the aforementioned parameters. Furthermore, the S2 treatment (10-12 cm2 TCSA) recorded maximum annual shoot length (30.63 cm), return bloom (64.13 flower clusters/tree), fruit length (61.74 mm), fruit diameter (69.18 mm), and fruit weight (168.16 g). Notably, the combined treatment C2xS2 yielded the highest return bloom (114.00 flower clusters/tree) and fruit characteristics (fruit length, diameter, and weight).
Mitigation of Salinity-Induced Growth Inhibition of Maize by Seed Priming and Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid
Authors: Ullah Md. Ahsan , Sagar Ashaduzzaman , Mia Md. Ashik , Tania Shaila Shermin , Jannat-E-Tajkia  , Kabir Muhammad Humayun , Hossain A. K. M. Zakir , Rauf Farjana , Rhaman Mohammad Saidur
Published: December 2023

Soil salinity has come to be recognized as a global challenge to the sustainability of farming systems due to its adverse effects on crop quality and production, particularly in coastal regions of the world. Although maize (Zea mays L.), a C4 plant, has the capacity to withstand a medium degree of salinity, maize is vulnerable to salinity stress during its early growth phases. Therefore, in order to develop strategies to improve maize adaptability in saline settings, it is essential to increase our understanding of maize response to salt stress and tolerance mechanisms. According to reports, plants are known to be able to withstand salt stress when phytohormones are applied. Salicylic acid (SA), a widely-used plant hormone, has been shown to increase a plant's ability to withstand salt stress. In order to reduce the growth inhibition of maize caused by salt, the aim of this study was to clarify and assess the potential impact of priming and exogenous administration of salicylic acid (SA). The results revealed that salt stress decreased seed germination, seedling fresh and dry weight, leaf relative water content (RWC), and photosynthetic pigments of maize. Salicylic Acid (SA) treatment increased germination percentage (43-69%), shoot (24-56%) and root length (13-37%), dry weight of shoot and root (35-171%), RWC (34-39%), and chlorophyll contents (12-36%) of maize under salt stress. The findings highlight the need for additional research to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and explore SA's potential mitigating effects in lowering salt stress as well as its potential practical applications in agricultural practices.
Effect of Foliar Application of Boron, Zinc and Manganese on Dry Matter Accumulation, Total Tuber Yield and Economic Feasibility of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) cv. Kufri Chipsona – 1 under Gwalior Climatic Conditions
Authors: Sharma Avinash , Aakash  , Singh Dheerendra , Singh Veer , Bhayal Divya , Rajput Bharti
Published: December 2023

The present experiment was carried out at All India Coordinated Research Project on Potato running in the Department of Horticulture, Rajmata Vijyaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalya, Gwalior (M.P.) during Rabi 2018-19. The purpose of the experiment was to determine how different foliar treatment concentrations of boron, zinc, and manganese affected the production characteristics and yield of the potato variety Kufri Chipsona-1 in Gwalior climate conditions. Eight foliar spray treatments of micronutrients were included in the experiment. Three replications of each of these treatments were arranged in a Randomised Block Design. The use of zinc, manganese, and boron had a substantial impact on potato economics and overall tuber output, according to the data. Treatment T8 (Boron + Zinc + Manganese) had the highest overall tuber yield (30.57 t/ha), dry matter of tuber (250 g/kg), net profit (Rs 193541/ha), and B:C ratio (1.7). It has been determined that using boron, zinc, and manganese would increase crop production and yield profit in potato cultivation under the Gwalior climate.
Investigation of Chloride Diffusion into Concrete with Joint
Authors: Mishael Daniel , Yan Yongdong
Published: December 2023

The passive layer shielding the steel reinforcement from corrosion can be attacked by the chloride ions that permeate through the chloride ions that permeate through the pores in the concrete when it is in solution. This paper aims to explore the investigation of chloride diffusion into concrete with joint. Three exposure conditions were taken into consideration in chloride ion diffusion experiments in order to examine the impact of exposure conditions on the chloride ion diffusion property: long-term immersion in a static sodium chloride solution, long-term immersion in a circulating sodium chloride solution, and dry–wet cycles in a circulating sodium chloride solution. According to experimental findings, the age of erosion increased the chloride ion content at a particular depth. Furthermore, concrete subjected to dry-wet cycles of the circulating sodium chloride solution had slightly higher chloride ion content than concrete immersed in the solution for an extended period of time. Fick's second law served as the foundation for the empirical equations that were developed by fitting experimental data to determine the chloride content and diffusion coefficient at the concrete's surface, as well as the correlation coefficient values for various exposure scenarios. The calculation formula's greater applicability was confirmed by comparison with the experiment results. The chloride ion content could be predicted and examined using this method for various exposure scenarios.
Isolation and Identification of Vibrio Spp. from Catfish (Arius heudelotii) Harvested from New Calabar River in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Odoemelam H. A.  , Wemedo S. A.  , Akani N. P.  , Douglas S. I.
Published: December 2023

This study was aimed at the isolation and identification of Vibrio spp. associated with Arius heudelotii, a catfish from a wild environment. Twenty-four Arius heudelotii (Catfish) were collected from the New Calabar River Choba, in Obio-Akpor LGA in Rivers State, Nigeria, and were processed to sample their skin, gills, and intestines. The Vibrio spp. associated with the gills, skins, and intestines of Arius heudelotii fish and water samples from the New Calabar River were isolated and identified. Ten Vibrio species (V. vulnificus, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, V. mimicus, V. mytili, V. anguilarum, V. furnissii, V. diazotrophic, Alliivibrio fisheri, V. xuii and V. gazogenes) were isolated and presumptively identified based on the morphological and biochemical test. A total of 96 Vibrio species were isolated n=31 (32.4%), n=11 (11.5%), n=24 (25%), and n=30 (31.2%) for gills, skin, intestine, and water samples, respectively. Among the Vibrio species isolated V. parahaemolyticus 18.6%, was the most predominant, this was followed by V. Vulnificus 17.7%, V, Cholerae 14.6%, V. alginolyticus 11.6%, V. mimicus 8.3%, V. furnissii 7.3%, V. mytili 6.3%, V. anguilarum 6.3%, and Alliivibrio fisheri 6.3% and V. diazotrophic was the least predominant 3.1%. Vibrio organisms can be pathogenic. Therefore, it is important to investigate the presence of Vibrio spp. that are capable of causing sickness to humans and animals.
The effect of vaginal cylinder inhomogeneity on the HDR brachytherapy dose calculations using Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Meftahi Moeen , Song William Y.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

To analytically assess the heterogeneity effect of vaginal cylinders (VC) made of high‐density plastics on dose calculations, considering the prescription point (surface or 5 mm beyond the surface), and benchmark the accuracy of a commercial model‐based dose calculation (MBDC) algorithm using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations.

Methods and materials

The GEANT4 MC code was used to simulate a commercial 192Ir HDR source and VC, with diameters ranging from 20 to 35 mm, inside a virtual water phantom. Standard plans were generated from a commercial treatment planning system [TPS—BrachyVision ACUROS (BV)] optimized for a treatment length of 5 cm through two dose calculation approaches: (1) assuming all the environment as water (i.e., Dw,w‐MC & Dw,w‐TG43) and (2) accounting for the heterogeneity of VC applicators (i.e., Dw,w‐App‐MC & Dw,w‐App‐MBDC). The compared isodose lines, and dose & energy difference maps were extracted for analysis. In addition, the dose difference on the peripheral surface, along the applicator and at middle of treatment length, as well as apical tip was evaluated.

Results

The Dw,w‐App‐MC results indicated that the VC heterogeneity can cause a dose reduction of (up to) % 6.8 on average (for all sizes) on the peripheral surface, translating to 1 mm shrinkage of the isodose lines compared to Dw,w‐MC. In addition, the results denoted that BV overestimates the dose on the peripheral surface and apical tip of about 3.7% and 17.9%, respectively, (i.e., Dw,w‐App‐MBDC vs Dw,w‐App‐MC) when prescribing to the surface. However, the difference between the two were negligible at the prescription point when prescribing to 5 mm beyond the surface.

Conclusion

The VCs’ heterogeneity could cause dose reduction when prescribing dose to the surface of the applicator, and hence increases the level of uncertainty. Thus, reviewing the TG43 results, in addition to ACUROS, becomes prudent, when evaluating the surface coverage at the apex.
Buprenorphine initiation in ED likelier when a prescriber models practice
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: December 2023

Initiation of buprenorphine treatment in emergency settings remains largely a missed opportunity, but results of new research suggest that clinicians' exposure to colleagues who have prescribed buprenorphine can play a key role in encouraging more initiation.
From NASADAD: Federal programs for pregnant and parenting women
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2023

Below is information from a September 2023 infographic from the National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors (NASADAD).
SUPPORT Act: Up for reauthorization, programs still up in the air
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2023

The SUPPORT for Patients and Communities Act (SUPPORT Act) was passed by the full Congress in 2018 to much fanfare, but not every program created or amended was fully funded. Reauthorization has moved out of the House of Representatives' committee level but awaits a vote by the full chamber. Pressure is growing on the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (HELP) committee to act. The bipartisan law is a comprehensive response to the opioid crisis public health emergency. Formerly known as the Substance Use Disorder Prevention that Promotes Opioid Recovery and Treatment for Patients and Communities (SUPPORT) Act, the initiative is up for reauthorization. There is a House of Representatives committee‐passed version, which includes many provisions supported by various organizations.
Researchers warn about false and misleading ketamine ads
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2023

In a research letter published Nov. 7 in JAMA Network Open, Matthew A. Crane, a student at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, and colleagues discuss direct‐to‐consumer ketamine advertising with false or misleading claims. The advertisers had at least one clinic and a website. Claims were called false or misleading “if they contradicted evidence accumulated through a multidisciplinary review or contradicted FDA statements,” according to the letter. They conducted the research in order to brief Maryland regulators, the letter authors wrote.
Meta‐Lens Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Liu Xiaoyuan , Zhao Zhou , Xu Shengming , Zhang Jingcheng , Zhou Yin , He Yulun , Yamaguchi Takeshi , Ouyang Hua , Tanaka Takuo , Chen Mu Ku , Shi Shengxian , Qi Fei , Tsai Din Ping
Published: December 2023

Fluid flow behavior is visualized through particle image velocimetry (PIV) for understanding and studying experimental fluid dynamics. However, traditional PIV methods require multiple cameras and conventional lens systems for image acquisition to resolve multi‐dimensional velocity fields. In turn, it introduces complexity to the entire system. Meta‐lenses are advanced flat optical devices composed of artificial nanoantenna arrays. It can manipulate the wavefront of light with the advantages of ultrathin, compact, and no spherical aberration. Meta‐lenses offer novel functionalities and promise to replace traditional optical imaging systems. Here, a binocular meta‐lens PIV technique is proposed, where a pair of GaN meta‐lenses are fabricated on one substrate and integrated with a imaging sensor to form a compact binocular PIV system. The meta‐lens weigh only 116 mg, much lighter than commercial lenses. The 3D velocity field can be obtained by the binocular disparity and particle image displacement information of fluid flow. The measurement error of vortex‐ring diameter is ≈1.25% experimentally validates via a Reynolds‐number (Re) 2000 vortex‐ring. This work demonstrates a new development trend for the PIV technique for rejuvenating traditional flow diagnostic tools toward a more compact, easy‐to‐deploy technique. It enables further miniaturization and low‐power systems for portable, field‐use, and space‐constrained PIV applications.
Mussel‐Inspired Recombinant Adhesive Protein‐Based Functionalization for Consistent and Effective Antimicrobial Treatment in Chronic Inflammatory Skin Diseases
Authors: Kim Suhyeon , Kim Nam Hyeong , Khaleel Zinah Hilal , Sa Deok Hyang , Choi Daekyu , Ga Seongmin , Kim Chang Geon , Jang Jiye , Kim Kyeonghyun , Kim Ye Ji , Chang Sukkum Ngullie , Park Seon Min , Park Su Yeon , Lee Bok‐Soo , Kim Jin‐Chul , Lee Jaecheol , An Seongpil , Park Jae Gyu , Kim Yong Ho
Published: December 2023

Chronic inflammatory skin diseases, characterized by a vicious cycle of infection and hyperinflammation, necessitate consistent and effective antimicrobial treatment of target lesions to achieve practical therapeutic outcomes. Antimicrobial dressing materials offer notable advantages over conventional therapeutic drugs, including ease of application, extended contact time, and targeted antimicrobial action, resulting in enhanced efficacy in breaking the vicious cycle. In line with these advantages, this study aims to develop a plug‐and‐playable recombinant adhesive protein (RAP) inspired by the adhesive properties of marine mussels, serving as a durable and effective surface functionalization strategy. By genetically recombining mussel foot protein with antimicrobial peptides, RAP effectively incorporates antimicrobial properties into biomaterials for treating chronic inflammatory skin diseases. The durable adhesion of RAP ensures long‐lasting antimicrobial functionality on target surfaces, MFP making it a promising approach to inhibit chronic inflammation. In addition, when dip‐coated onto cotton gauze, RAP can be utilized as an antimicrobial patch, effectively suppressing chronic inflammation through the inhibition of bacteria‐induced toll‐like receptor signaling. These findings underscore the potential of nature‐inspired protein‐based surface functionalization of biomaterials as a compelling approach to advance the treatment of chronic inflammatory skin diseases.
Subsurface drainage and nitrogen management affects corn and soybean yield in claypan soils in upstate Missouri
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Nelson Kelly A. , Singh Gurbir , Kaur Gurpreet
Published: December 2023

Nitrogen (N) and subsurface drainage water management are crucial and challenging components of sustainable crop production on poorly drained claypan soils. During extreme precipitation events, N fertilizer management is difficult in a corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation that balances productivity and environmental quality. This 4‐year (2018–2021) experiment was conducted on a poorly drained soil to examine the interactive effects of drainage (subsurface tile drainage [SD] and no drainage [ND]) and corn N fertilizer treatments (non‐treated control [NTC], fall‐applied anhydrous ammonia [AA] at 190 kg N ha−1 with nitrapyrin [fall AA + NI], pre‐plant AA [spring AA] at 190 kg N ha−1, and top‐dressed urea [TD urea] as 42 kg N ha−1 SuperU and 126 kg N ha−1 ESN as a 25:75% granular blend) on yield and nutrient uptake. Corn grain yield was 1.22–1.53 Mg ha−1 greater with fertilizer treatments in SD compared to ND. Drought conditions in 2018 lowered corn grain yield compared to 2020. Average over 2 years, corn yield in SD soils was ranked as spring AA > fall AA + NI > TD urea > NTC. While soybean yield following corn was 13% greater in the NTC compared to TD urea. The SD treatment increased soybean yield by 0.6–2 Mg ha−1 compared to ND. This study results showed that fall AA + NI produced corn yields similar to spring AA in SD and ND soils in temperate humid climatic conditions.
Experimental and molecular insights on the separation of indole from wash oil by tetraethylammonium‐based ionic liquids
Authors: Zhang Wanxiang , Lv Feifei , Zhang Yaozhi , Lei Zhigang , Ren Shuhang , Hou Yucui , Wu Weize
Published: December 2023

A method for separating indole (IND) from wash oil by tetraethylammonium‐based ionic liquid (IL) was proposed. The distribution coefficient and selectivity of 304 kinds of ILs to IND were predicted by using Conductor‐like Screening Model for the Segment Activity Coefficient model, and quaternary ammonium acetate ILs have excellent separation performance. The experimental conditions were validated, and the influence of these conditions was explored. The IL could be recycled with water, and its structure and performance remained unchanged after repeated use four times. The extraction efficiency for real wash oil provided by a company reached 91.6%. The structure–performance relationship was explored by using quantum chemistry and molecular dynamic simulation. A process combining liquid–liquid extraction and azeotropic distillation was established for the separation of IND mixtures, and an IND product with a purity of 99.9% was obtained. This work comprehensively analyzed the separation of IND from wash oil using ILs at an atomic‐molecular‐experimental‐process scale.
CAPBO: A cost‐aware parallelized Bayesian optimization method for chemical reaction optimization
Authors: Liang Runzhe , Hu Haoyang , Han Yueheng , Chen Bingzhen , Yuan Zhihong
Published: December 2023

Bayesian optimization employs probabilistic surrogate models to effectively address expensive and time‐consuming closed‐loop chemical experimental design. However, traditional Bayesian optimization focuses on reducing the number of iterations and follows an inherently sequential process (with one new data point sampled in each iteration), which is an inefficient means of exploiting and characterizing reactions using parallel microreactors. In this article, we present an approach that overcomes this issue by considering two essential factors: experimental cost sensitivity and parallelization. We propose a novel cost‐aware parallelized Bayesian optimization method (CAPBO) in which the goal is changed from reducing the number of iterations to reducing the experimental cost, with quantitative experimental speed‐up achieved through parallelization. The combination of these two items greatly fits the need of reaction optimization, leading to better optimization effects. Benchmarking and case studies demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms traditional Bayesian optimization and considerably improves the optimization efficiency while maintaining the simplicity of the framework.
A novel semi‐resolved CFD‐DEM method with two‐grid mapping: Methodology and verification
Authors: Che Hanqiao , Windows‐Yule Kit , O'Sullivan Catherine , Seville Jonathan
Published: December 2023

The semi‐resolved Computational Fluid Dynamics coupled with the Discrete Element Method (CFD‐DEM) method has emerged as approach to modeling particle‐fluid interactions in granular materials with high particle size ratios. However, challenges arise from conflicting requirements regarding the CFD grid size, which must adequately resolve fluid flow in the pore space while maintaining a physically meaningful porosity field. This study addresses these challenges by introducing a two‐grid mapping approach. Initially, the porosity field associated with fine particles is estimated using a coarse CFD grid, which is then mapped to a dynamically refined grid. To ensure conservation of total solid volume, a volume compensation procedure is implemented. The proposed method has been rigorously verified using benchmark cases, showing its high computational efficiency and accurate handling of complex porosity calculations near the surface of coarse particles. Moreover, the previously unreported impact of the empirical drag correlation on fluid‐particle force calculations for both coarse and fine particles has been revealed.
The d‐band energy level splitting of ferric group (Fe, Co, Ni) metals drives the adsorption‐conversion of polysulfides
Authors: Li Tong , Sun Yajie , Shi Kaixiang , Qin Weilun , Chen Hangyi , Li Junhao , Zheng Yuying , Liu Quanbing , Liang Zhenxing
Published: December 2023

The notorious lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) shuttle effect, which results in low capacity, subpar rate performance, and quick capacity deterioration, has severely restricted the practical applications of lithium sulfur (Li‐S) batteries. Therefore, it is very important for modified materials to promote thermodynamics and redox kinetics in the entrapping‐conversion process of polysulfides. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that ferric group (Fe, Co, Ni) transition metals not only provide moderate binding contacts with LiPSs but also act as an active catalyst in the spontaneous and sequential lithiation of S8 to Li2S by d‐band energy level splitting, and quick migration of Li ions can be operated on their surface, enhancing the utilization of LiPSs. Experimentally, felicitously‐fabricated ferric group (Fe, Co, Ni) transition metals encapsulated in nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes (M@NCNT) electrocatalysts were introduced into Li‐S batteries via separator functionalization. Actually, the experiments demonstrated that the excellent shuttle effect hindering was enabled. Consistent with theoretical predictions, Li‐S batteries with Ni@NCNT modified separators had significantly improved rate capacity and cycling stability. The cells with Ni@NCNT were able to achieve a high initial discharge capacity of 1035 mAh g−1 and a capacity retention rate of 70% at 500 discharges at 1.0 C with a 0.060% capacity decay each cycle, performing considerable cycle‐life with state‐of‐the‐art separators. Our work demonstrated a realistic separator‐modified strategy of d‐band energy level splitting from ferric group metals for high‐performance and long‐life Li‐S batteries, further propelling Li‐S battery commercialization.
Calceolariaceae809: A bait set for targeted sequencing of nuclear loci
Authors: Medina Nicolas , Tank David C. , Espíndola Anahí
Published: December 2023

Premise

The genus Calceolaria (Calceolariaceae) is emblematic of the Andes, is hypothesized to have originated as a recent, rapid radiation, and has important taxonomic needs. Additionally, the genus is a model for the study of specialized pollination systems, as its flowers are nectarless and many offer floral oils as a pollination reward collected by specialist bees. Despite their evolutionary and ecological significance, obtaining a resolved phylogeny for the group has proved difficult. To address this challenge, we present a new bait set for targeted sequencing of nuclear loci in Calceolariaceae and close relatives.

Methods

We developed a bioinformatic workflow to use incomplete, low‐coverage genomes of 10 Calceolaria species to identify single‐copy loci suitable for phylogenetic studies and design baits for targeted sequencing.

Results

Our approach resulted in the identification of 809 single‐copy loci (733 noncoding and 76 coding regions) and the development of 39,937 baits, which we validated in silico (10 specimens) and in vitro (29 Calceolariaceae and six outgroups). In both cases, the data allowed us to recover robust phylogenetic estimates.

Discussion

Our results demonstrate the appropriateness of the bait set for sequencing recent and historic specimens of Calceolariaceae and close relatives, and open new doors for further investigation of the evolutionary history of this hyperdiverse genus.
Candidate pathway association and genome‐wide association approaches reveal alternative genetic architectures of carotenoid content in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
Authors: Dowell Jordan A. , Mason Chase
Published: December 2023

Premise

The explosion of available genomic data poses significant opportunities and challenges for genome‐wide association studies. Current approaches via linear mixed models (LMM) are straightforward but prevent flexible assumptions of an a priori genomic architecture, while Bayesian sparse LMMs (BSLMMs) allow this flexibility. Complex traits, such as specialized metabolites, are subject to various hierarchical effects, including gene regulation, enzyme efficiency, and the availability of reactants.

Methods

To identify alternative genetic architectures, we examined the genetic architecture underlying the carotenoid content of an association mapping panel of Helianthus annuus individuals using multiple BSLMM and LMM frameworks.

Results

The LMMs of genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified a single transcription factor responsible for the observed variations in the carotenoid content; however, a BSLMM of the SNPs with the bottom 1% of effect sizes from the results of the LMM identified multiple biologically relevant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for carotenoid content external to the known (annotated) carotenoid pathway. A candidate pathway analysis (CPA) suggested a β‐carotene isomerase to be the enzyme with the highest impact on the observed carotenoid content within the carotenoid pathway.

Discussion

While traditional LMM approaches suggested a single unknown transcription factor associated with carotenoid content variation in sunflower petals, BSLMM proposed several QTLs with interpretable biological relevance to this trait. In addition, the CPA allowed for the dissection of the regulatory vs. biosynthetic genetic architectures underlying this metabolic trait.
Assessment of profit efficiency of smallholder potato farmers in Nakuru County, Kenya
Authors: Chemjor Henry , Mose Jared , Ngeno Vincent
Published: December 2023

The importance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L) production to the country's economic growth is quite clear, but little is known about its profitability and determinants. The current potato yields of smallholder farmers are <10 t/ha, against 40 t/ha achievable under optimum utilization of resources and recommended agronomic practices. The objective of the study was to assess the gross margin (GM) of smallholder potato farmers and estimate their profit efficiency level and influencing factors. A cross‐sectional research design and multistage sampling technique were used to obtain a sample of 277 respondents for the study. Results indicated an average GM of Ksh 57,438 per ha per season, implying that potato farming is a lucrative enterprise. Despite this, the study further showed that there are profit inefficiencies in its production process. The average profit efficiency recorded was 43.5%, implying that potato farmers can potentially increase their profits up to 56.5%. Profit efficiency was found to increase significantly with access to extension and credit services, education level, non‐farm income, and membership in farmer groups, while decreasing significantly with farmer age. Apart from optimizing the use of farm inputs, the profit efficiency of smallholder potato farmers can thus be improved by enhancing farmer education and extension service delivery, formulating favorable credit strategies that will make loan acquisition easier for potato farmers, and encouraging farmers to join farmer groups in order to benefit from economies of scale.
A review on bioactive compounds and health benefits of Baccaurea ramiflora
Authors: Rohilla Shubham
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this review is to explore the underutilized and underexploited Burmese grape (Baccaurea ramiflora) as a valuable plant food crop grown in the northeastern region of India. Despite its seasonal availability, this fruit is used in various culinary applications and local delicacies. It is noteworthy for its abundant natural bioactive compounds that offer diverse health benefits. These bioactive compounds have demonstrated properties such as anti‐inflammatory, antiobesity, cytotoxic, and antidiabetic effects. This review compiles and analyzes the most recent research findings concerning the bioactive compounds found in Burmese grape's leaves, fruit, and seeds. Additionally, it investigates the physicochemical properties and nutritional composition of the fruit pulp and seed oil. The synthesis of this information provides a comprehensive understanding of the plant's phytochemical content, including essential components like vitamin C, iron, potassium, alkaloids, saponins, and phenolic acids, which contribute to its medicinal and health‐promoting attributes. The results presented in this review shed light on the potential applications of the Burmese grape and its bioactive compounds in various industrial sectors. With the growing interest in functional and nutraceutical products, the insights gathered here offer promising opportunities for leveraging the nutritional and health‐enhancing benefits of this fruit in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Effects of extending residencies on the supply and quality of family medicine practitioners; difference‐in‐differences evidence from the implementation of mandatory family medicine residencies in Canada
Authors: Strobel Stephenson
Published: December 2023

I examine the impacts of extending residency training programs on the supply and quality of physicians practicing primary care. I leverage mandated extended residency lengths for primary care practitioners that were rolled out over 20 years in Canada on a province‐by‐province basis. I compare these primary care specialties to other specialties that did not change residency length (first difference) before and after the policy implementation (second difference) to assess how physician supply evolved in response. To examine quality outcomes, I use a set of scraped data and repeat this difference‐in‐differences identification strategy for complaints resulting in censure against physicians in Ontario. I find declines in the number of primary care providers by 5% for up to 9 years after the policy change. These changes are particularly pronounced in new graduates and younger physicians, suggesting that the policy change dissuaded these physicians from entering primary care residencies. I find no impacts on quality of physicians as measured by public censure of physicians. This suggests that extending primary care training caused declines in physician supply without improvement in the quality of these physicians. This has implications for current plans to extend residency training programs.
NAMI poll reveals MH care should be high priority for Congress
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2023

A bipartisan majority of Americans want their elected officials to do more to improve mental health care in this country, according to NAMI's new poll.
NYC provides free online MH services for struggling teens
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2023

Observing the levels of anxiety and depression among youth and teenagers across the country, particularly since the onset of the pandemic, New York City officials and leaders have launched an initiative offering tele‐mental health services for teenagers to connect them with licensed therapists through phone, video and text at no cost.