bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Germany-Wide High-Resolution Water Balance Modelling to Characterise Runoff Components as Input Pathways for the Analysis of Nutrient Fluxes
Authors: Wolters Tim , McNamara Ian , Tetzlaff Björn , Wendland Frank
Published: October 2023

The input of nutrients into surface waters and groundwater is directly linked to runoff components. Due to the different physicochemical behaviour of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, the individual runoff components have different significance as input pathways. Within the scope of the Germany-wide project AGRUM-DE, spatially differentiated runoff components were modelled with the water balance model mGROWA at a resolution of 100 m. The modelled distributed runoff components include total runoff, surface runoff, drainage runoff, natural interflow, direct runoff from urban areas, and groundwater recharge. Although the mGROWA model operates in daily time steps, modelled runoff components can be aggregated to mean long-term hydrologic reference periods—for this study, 1981–2010. We obtained good model agreement through the comparison of measured discharge from 298 river gauges against the spatial means of the modelled runoff components over their corresponding catchment areas. Therefore, the model results provide reliable input for input pathway-specific modelling of actual nutrient inputs as well as scenario analyses expected from the application of nutrient reduction initiatives. This ensures that any differences in the model results stem exclusively from differences in nutrient supply (fertilisation of the soils) and not from climatic effects, such as the influence of wet or dry years.
Green Development of Titanium Dioxide Using Astragalus boeticus for the Degradation of Cationic and Anionic Dyes in an Aqueous Environment
Authors: Maanane Fadwa , El Yadini Adil , El Alouani Marouane , Mabrouki Jamal , Saufi Hamid , Tabyaoui Mohamed
Published: October 2023

Wastewater discharge from the textile industry poses significant health problems for humans. As a result, the effluent waters are often rich in dyes, whose low natural decomposition capacity makes their treatment complex, thus contributing to environmental degradation. It becomes imperative to implement effective solutions for treating these contaminated waters, with a primary goal: to make them fit for human consumption. The present study focuses on the development of green TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-NP) using titanium (IV) isopropoxide as a precursor, along with the extract of Astragalus boeticus (A.B). These green TiO2 nanoparticles have been developed for use as highly efficient photocatalysts for the degradation of two types of dyes: Reactive Yellow 161 (RY161), an anionic dye, and Crystal Violet (CV), a cationic dye. The structural, microstructural, and optical properties of the synthesized material were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and UV-Vis methods. The results of these analyses revealed that the nanoparticles have a size of approximately 68 nm, possess an anatase structure, exhibit a spherical surface morphology, and have a band gap of 3.22 eV. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized material demonstrated a 94.06% degradation of CV dye in a basic environment (pH = 10) within 30 min, with an initial CV concentration of 10 mg/L and a catalyst mass of 1 g/L. Additionally, it achieved a 100% degradation of RY161 dye in an acidic environment (pH = 4) within 90 min, with an initial RY161 concentration of 30 mg/L and a catalyst mass of 1 g/L. Furthermore, the recycling study indicated that the green TiO2 NPs catalyst could be effectively reused for up to five cycles. These experimental findings suggest that the developed TiO2 catalyst holds significant potential as an eco-friendly solution for remediating aqueous media polluted by both anionic and cationic dyes.
Effect of pH, COD, and HRT on the Performance of Microbial Fuel Cell Using Synthetic Dairy Wastewater
Authors: Banerjee Aritro , Calay Rajnish Kaur , Das Subhashis
Published: October 2023

Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are emerging technologies that can produce electricity while treating wastewater. A series of tests were carried out to evaluate the efficiency of this technology for treating dairy wastewater (DWW). The experiments used Shewanella baltica as an exoelectrogen in a small single MFC to treat simulated DWW. The impacts of various operational factors, specifically pH, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the influent to the anode chamber, were investigated, and the effect of these variables on the output performance of the cell was evaluated. The best performance of the MFC was found when the pH, HRT, and COD were 8, 6.66 h, and 20,632 mg/L, respectively, in the scaled experimental setup. Under these conditions, the maximum power density and percentage removal of COD in terms of wastewater treatment ability were found to be 138 mW/m2 and 71%, respectively. It may be concluded that MFCs are suitable treatment technologies for treating dairy wastewater while potentially simultaneously generating power.
Design of a Bioretention System with Water Reuse for Urban Agriculture through a Daily Water Balance
Authors: García-Colin Julio César , Díaz-Delgado Carlos , Salinas Tapia Humberto , Fonseca Ortiz Carlos Roberto , Esteller Alberich María Vicenta , Bâ Khalidou M. , García Pulido Daury
Published: October 2023

The present work proposes the use of green infrastructure (GI) called sustainable urban agriculture drainage systems with water reuse (SUADS-WR) to manage percolated water sustainably in urban agricultural areas (f.i. golf courses). The substrate of the system is commonly used in golf courses and includes a subsurface reservoir for water that exceeds the edaphic zone. Data obtained from a lysimeter, installed in a golf course in Spain, are used to validate the methods employed in developing hydro-informatics tools based on daily water balance, which estimates the water requirement for crops, reservoir height, and capacity for unused water reuse. Reference evapotranspiration can be estimated using the Penman–Monteith or Hargreaves–Samani method. The results were compared with experimental data, revealing that the estimated irrigation depths were lower than the supplied ones and that the estimated percolation was consistent with the measured field drainage. The applicability of the proposed methods for determining the reservoir height and irrigation depth for any type of crop in urban agricultural areas is confirmed. With the implementation of SUADS-WR, the harvested water depth can cover more than 38% of the annual water demand for the crop and utilize leached fertilizers, thus preventing pollution of the receiving surface water body or groundwater.
Research on Reinforcement-Learning-Based Truck Platooning Control Strategies in Highway On-Ramp Regions
Authors: Chen Jiajia , Zhou Zheng , Duan Yue , Yu Biao
Published: October 2023

With the development of autonomous driving technology, truck platooning control has become a reality. Truck platooning can improve road capacity by maintaining a minor headway. Platooning systems can significantly reduce fuel consumption and emissions, especially for trucks. In this study, we designed a Platoon-MAPPO algorithm to implement truck platooning control based on multi-agent reinforcement learning for a platooning facing an on-ramp scenario on highway. A centralized training, decentralized execution algorithm was used in this paper. Each truck only computes its actions, avoiding the data computation delay problem caused by centralized computation. Each truck considers the truck status in front of and behind itself, maximizing the overall gain of the platooning and improving the global operational efficiency. In terms of performance evaluation, we used the traditional rule-based platooning following model as a benchmark. To ensure fairness, the model used the same network structure and traffic scenario as our proposed model. The simulation results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper has good performance and improves the overall efficiency of the platoon while guaranteeing traffic safety. The average energy consumption decreased by 14.8%, and the road occupancy rate decreased by 43.3%.
Directions of the policy of unshadowing of the Russian economy
Authors: Izmailov M. K. , Arbenina E. A.
Published: October 2023

The context of unprecedented character of modern political and economic conditions requires the conduction of ongoing studies and renewal of the strategy and tactics of unshadowing, as well as the search of relevant methods and tools for carrying out this process. The analysis of several indicators demonstrated the absence of efficient policy of unshadowing national economy, which, along with other factors, has a negative influence on the rates of economic growth in Russia. The notion of “unshadowing of the economy” was defined in the course of the study, as well as the importance of the unshadowing process in the way of economic growth. A conclusion was drawn that shadow economy is the symbiosis of economic, legal, financial and institutional relations, which have various nature and occurrence prerequisites, goals and motives. Therefore, the degree of restriction of the rates of economic growth as a result of shadowing economy is determined by the level of deviation of behavior of economic entities from the existing legal norms, as well as law and rules of competitive environment. Therefore, the choice of tools and mechanisms of unshadowing is determined by the state and scales of shadow activity. The authors note that the significant scales of the shadow sector in Russia became a serious threat to the sustainable social and economic development. Following the study the factors shadowing economy were revealed and several scientific recommendations regarding the leading of the Russian economy out of the “shadow” were formulated. Certain priorities were defined, including legalization of financial flow and labor market. A conclusion was drawn that the countermeasures against the negative factors, analyzed in the study, should be complex, which will ensure containment of development of the shadow sector and create necessary conditions for sustainable economic growth of Russian economy.
Influencia de la sustitución del cemento por ceniza de aserrín en propiedades físicas - mecánicas del concreto hidráulico
Authors: Huachaca Vilma Quispe , Flores Kevin Arturo Ascoy
Published: October 2023

El objetivo general fue: evaluar la influencia de la sustitución del cemento por ceniza de aserrín en propiedades físicas-mecánicas del concreto hidráulico. La metodología de la investigación tiene enfoque cuantitativo de tipo aplicada y diseño experimental puro, se hicieron pruebas en laboratorio para determinar la resistencia de compresión y flexión del concreto f’c =175 kg/cm2 adicionando 5%, 10 % y 20% de cenizas de aserrín (CA) a los 7, 14 y 28 días. Para ello, se trabajó con una población de 72 testigos (36 probetas cilíndricas para determinar la resistencia a la compresión simple y 36 vigas para determinar resistencia a la flexión). Los resultados obtenidos de la resistencia a los 28 días del concreto patrón (0%) alcanzó la f’c = 379.17 kg/cm2 y resistencia a la flexión 36.16 kg/cm2. Así mismo, el mejor porcentaje obtenido tras la adición de ceniza de aserrín al 5% alcanzó una resistencia a la compresión 310.07 kg/cm2 y resistencia a la flexión 32.97 kg/cm2. Por otro lado, el porcentaje más bajo se obtuvo una resistencia a la compresión 110.33 kg/cm2 y resistencia a la flexión 23.28 kg/cm2 con la adición de ceniza de aserrín de 20%. Se concluye que la adición del aserrín a mayor cantidad disminuye la resistencia y requiere mayor adición de agua, se recomienda su adición máxima al 10% de CA.
Estudo de um problema de rotas de uma empresa de confecção de roupas infantis
Authors: Da Silva Jair , Silva Janete de Paula Ferrareze , Shirabayashi Juliana Verga , Dias Stéfany Nayane Sales
Published: October 2023

Neste trabalho, foi realizado um estudo de caso abordando o problema de rotas de veículos com o objetivo de investigar o planejamento logístico de transporte em uma empresa de confecção de roupas infantis. Além de utilizar o algoritmo exato Branch-and-Bound, também empregou-se algoritmos heurísticos, como Nearest-Neighbor, Farthest-Insertion e K-opt, para a resolução do problema de rotas. Apresenta-se a coleta de dados da empresa e, em seguida, foi comparado os resultados obtidos pelos métodos exatos e heurísticos, buscando identificar a melhor solução. Ao longo do estudo, explora-se conceitos relacionados ao problema do caixeiro viajante, que consiste em encontrar a rota mais curta para percorrer uma série de cidades, visitando cada uma delas apenas uma vez e retornando à cidade de origem. Ao comparar as rotas planejadas pelos diferentes métodos com a rota planejada empiricamente pela empresa, observa-se que o método Branch-and-Bound superou o método heurístico, resultando em uma redução de 19,91% no percurso total em relação ao método empírico. Por sua vez, o método heurístico obteve uma redução de 19,63% em relação ao método empírico.
The Largest Chinese Cohort Study Indicates Homologous Recombination Pathway Gene Mutations as Another Major Genetic Risk Factor for Colorectal Cancer with Heterogeneous Clinical Phenotypes
Authors: Xu Yun , Liu Kai , Li Cong , Li Minghan , Liu Fangqi , Zhou Xiaoyan , Sun Menghong , Ranganathan Megha , Zhang Liying , Wang Sheng , Hu Xin , Xu Ye
Published: October 2023

While genetic factors were associated with over 30% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, mutations in CRC-susceptibility genes were identified in only 5% to 10% of these patients. Besides, previous studies on hereditary CRC were largely designed to analyze germline mutations in patients with single genetic high-risk factor, which limited understanding of the association between genotype and phenotypes. From January 2015 to December 2018, we retrospectively enrolled 2,181 patients from 8,270 consecutive CRC cases, covering 5 categories of genetic high-risk factors. Leukocyte genomic DNA was analyzed for germline mutations in cancer predisposition genes. The germline mutations under each category were detected and analyzed in association with CRC susceptibility, clinical phenotypes, and prognoses. A total of 462 pathogenic variants were detected in 19.3% of enrolled CRC patients. Mismatch repair gene mutation was identified in 9.1% of patients, most prevalent across all high-risk groups. Homologous recombination (HR) gene mutations were detected in 6.5% of cases, penetrated in early-onset and extra-colonic cancer risk groups. Mutations in HR genes, including
BARD1
,
RAD50,
and
ATM,
were found to increase CRC risk with odds ratios of 2.8-, 3.1-, and 3.1-fold, respectively. CRC patients with distinct germline mutations manifested heterogeneous phenotypes in clinicopathology and long-term prognoses. Thus, germline mutation screenings should be performed for CRC patients with any of those genetic risk factors. This study also reveals that HR gene mutations may be another major driver for increased CRC risk.
Piano Teaching and the Pandemic: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Al Bakri Tsonka
Published: October 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of the rapid transition from face-to-face education to virtual learning due to the Covid-19 pandemic on piano instruction. The research aims to identify the challenges of online piano education and the ways in which creative solutions have been adopted by educational professionals to solve the problems posed by the traditional orthodox pedagogical paradigm.
Methods: The study uses a descriptive methodology to achieve the objectives of this study. An observational analysis of the potential and obstacles created by the change from traditional to online modes of piano instruction is used as a primary resource, in addition to existing literature on piano pedagogy and online learning as secondary resources.
Results:  The study revealed a number of challenges of virtual piano education that are primarily associated with the practically-based nature of the lesson. Technical improvement, the construction of a proper dynamic plan, pedaling, and several other skills were found incompatible with online instruction. On the other hand, theoretical and analytical areas included in piano lessons were well received in virtual learning environments.
Conclusion: The paper concludes by highlighting the difficulties of teaching the piano in a digital setting, as well as the limitations of technology and distance learning in the effective instruction of the instrument. It recommends that the piano remains to be taught in a face-to-face setting in future, post COVID educational endeavors, while adopting virtual modes of instruction to address theoretical aspects of the subject.
استراتيجيات التعايش لدى أمهات الأطفال ذوي الإعاقة الجسدية
Authors: Jarwan Ali Saleh , Melhem Ghufran Amer
Published: October 2023

الأهداف: التعرف إلى استراتيجيات التعايش لدى أمهات الأطفال ذوي الإعاقة الجسدية، وما إذا كانت تختلف باختلاف متغيري: المستوى التعليمي، والعمر.
المنهجية: أجريت الدراسة على عينة قوامها (120) أمًا لأطفال من ذوي الإعاقة الجسدية. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة، استخدم الباحثان مقياس استراتيجيات التعايش الذي أعده بريتزلاف (Pritzlaff, 2001) المكون من (30) فقرة، موزعة إلى خمس استراتيجيات: الدعم الاجتماعي، وإعادة تعريف المشكلة، والدعم الديني والروحي، وحشد الأسرة لطلب المساعدة وقبولها، والتقييم السلبي.
النتائج: أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن استراتيجية الدعم الديني والروحي الأكثر استخدامًا لدى أمهات ذوي الإعاقة الجسدية، تليها استراتيجية إعادة تعريف المشكلة، ثم الدعم الاجتماعي، ثم حشد الأسرة لطلب المساعدة وقبولها، وأخيرًا استراتيجية التقييم السلبي. وأظهرت النتائج أيضًا عدم وجود اختلاف في استراتيجيات التعايش لدى أمهات ذوي الإعاقة الجسدية تبعًا لمتغيري المستوى التعليمي، والعمر.
التوصيات: في ضوء نتائج الدراسة، يوصي الباحثان عقد دورات تدريبية لأمهات الأطفال ذوي الإعاقة الجسدية؛ لتدريبهن على استراتيجيات التعايش الإيجابي مع إعاقة طفلهن.
Leadership and Management Strategies in Jordanian Media Organizations and Their Relationship to Good Performance: Towards a Comprehensive Media Strategy by the Concepts of Modern Media: Focus Study
Authors: Al Qadi Amjad M.
Published: October 2023

Objectives: To shed the light on Jordanian media and the problems facing it and to identify mechanisms and strategies for its development by analyzing: the status of the state-owned and private sector Jordanian media, as well as the new media statutes, and the media content and ways to improve it, in addition to media freedoms and legislation and the issues of improving staff training.

Methods: The study adopted the analytical approach and used the descriptive methodology, through in-depth focus groups with a sample of opinion leaders, politicians, and academic media practitioners to arrive at a better analysis of Jordanian media.

Results: There is a lack of confidence in the Jordanian media, especially the official media, high licensing fees, poor advertising returns, multiple media references, and poor training care.

Conclusions: A new media strategy is needed, that build on the previous strategy, which was adopted between the years (2011-2015). The new media strategy should be developed by experts, academics, and media practitioners. In addition, the study call for amending the law guaranteeing the right of access to information
The Poetic Image and its Actual Sources from a Phenomenological Perspective: Theoretical Approach and Applications on Texts by Mahmoud Darwish
Authors: AlKalbani Ali bin Qasim
Published: October 2023

Objectives: This research aims to present a new scientific approach to the concept of poetic image, its process of occurrence, its actual sources, and its relationship to the reader.

Methods: The research depends on Iser's theory of reception and its phenomenological origins to study the image as a literary phenomenon resulting from the interaction between the reader and the text.

Results: The research found that the actual existence of the phenomenon of the image results from the effect of the text and the influence of the reader, and for this reason, the images do not appear ready in the printed text, nor do they result from the reader’s imagination alone, but rather depend on the interaction between the text and the reader.

The research concluded that the sources of the image are variable and not fixed, and are divided into what is related to each reader separately, such as imagination, tendencies and culture, and to what is related to each text separately, namely the textual balance, spaces, broken perceptions and textual vacancies.

Conclusions: Research recommends abandoning image labels that mean they are complete and ready in phrase.

It is recommended to consider that the actual presence of an image varies with reading conditions and the level of interaction and response between the text and potential readers. Additionally, it recommends contenting itself with the actual sources of the image that appears each time during the practice of reading.
Efficient electroluminescence in doped-GaAs via terahertz metamaterials
Authors: Kang Taehee , Song Jindong , Kim Dai-Sik , Choi Geunchang
Published: October 2023

We investigate the highly efficient terahertz nonlinearity exhibited by n-type GaAs crystals under metallic metamaterials. An intense THz field applied to the metamaterials leads to impact ionization in the GaAs substrate, which emits electroluminescence in the near-infrared region. Even for a similar THz field strength, n-type GaAs emits near-infrared photons more efficiently than semi-insulating GaAs. We analyzed the luminescence lineshapes and intensity as a function of the excitation field strength, using Fermi–Dirac statistics and the density of states in the conduction band to quantify electron density and locate the Fermi level after the relaxation of excited hot electrons.
Pemberdayaan Pupuk Dari Limbah Kulit Pisang Desa Larangan Jambe Kecamatan Kertasmaya Kabupaten Indramayu
Authors: Yudianto Agus , Nurpratama Meddy , Firdaus Taufansyah
Published: October 2023

Community Service Program (PKM) activities are carried out starting with village observations, program planning, consultation on the planned program with the village, local MSME owners, school head and the implementation of the planned program. PKM activity programs have been implemented. The results obtained through the implementation of the PKM work program brought about changes in the processes of MSMEs in Larangan Jambe village, as well as a reduction in the amount of banana peel waste from Canvendish Banana MSMEs, their conversion process into compost as well as behavioral change analysis to change adverse behaviors, as well as educate people about employment through legal procedures and create favorable conditions for going abroad, as well as solve the problem of littering and maintain irrigation systems for rice fields so that they are cleaner and better maintained, and provide information to the people of Larangan Jambe village. Overall, the individual programs can work well and contribute to the future progress of the Larangan Jambe village community. The PKM program is not only training and learning material for the Larangan Jambe village community but also a value transfer. It is hoped that the existence of the PKM agenda can bring about changes as part of efforts to promote village development and empowerment.
PRAKTIK PERKAWINAN DI BAWAH UMUR DI DESA MAITAN (TINJAUAN SOSIOLOGI HUKUM)
Authors: Ana Riana
Published: October 2023

Abstrak: Tulisan ini mengungkapkan praktek perkawinan di bawah umur tanpa melalui dispensasi dari pengadilan melainkan melalui manipulasi/perubahan dokumen yaitu berupa Kartu Keluarga (KK) yang terjadi di Desa Maitan Kecamatan Tambakromo Kabupaten Pati-Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi Hukum. Hasil dari penelitian ini, peneulis menemukan bahwa dalam pelaksanaan perkawinan di bawah umur di Desa Maitan Kecamatan Tambakromo Kabupaten Pati Jawa Tengah melalui dua cara, Pertama, melaui dispensasi dari pengadilan yaitu pelaksanaan perkawinan di bawah umur dengan cara meminta izin kepada pengadilan dan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berklaku. Kedua, tanpa melalui dispensasi dari pengadilan yaitu dengan cara manipulasi/merubah dokumen-dokumen tersebut tidak sesuai dengan sebenarnya, seperti Kartu Keluarga, Kartu Tanda Penduduk dan Akte Kelahiran dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh data sesuai yang diinginkan. Adapun faktor penyebab terjadinya pelaksanaan perkawinan di bawah umur melalui perubahan data adalah Pertama, Jauhnya jarak Desa menuju Kantor Urusan Agama dan Pengadilan Agama, Kedua, Lemahnya administrasi dan lenturnya pengawasan di Kantor Urusan Agama. Ketiga, adanya praktek manipulasi kewenangan Desa untuk merubah data. Keempat, tidak ada pengawasan yang ketat dari KUA maupun Kantor Kecamatan.

Kata Kunci: perkawinan di bawah umur, dispensasi nikah, perkawinan.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SELF DIRECT LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN HADITS PADA MATA KULIAH SUNAN TIRMIDZI DI MA'HAD ALY HASYIM ASY'ARI TEBUIRENG JOMBANG
Authors: Adib Bisri Mustofa  , Rofiatul Hosna
Published: October 2023

Abstrak: Model pembelajaran self direct learning merupakan salah satu alternatif yang dapat diterapkan kepada mahasiswa dalam proses belajar mengajar. Tujuan diterapkannya model pembelajaran ini adalah diharapkan mahasiswa dapat mengatur proses belajar dalam bentuk inisiatif sendiri, kebebasan belajar untuk mencapai hasil belajar yang optimal dan meningkatkan kemandirian belajar. Fokus dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pemahaman hadits mahasiswa Ma’had Aly Hasyim Asy’ari Tebuireng Jombang pada mata kuliah sunan trimidzi, bagaimana penerapan model pembelajaran self directed learning untuk meningkatkan pemahaman hadits pada mata kuliah sunan tirmidzi, apa saja faktor pendukung dan penghambat model pembelajaran self directed learning untuk meningkatkan pemahaman hadits pada mata kuliah sunan tirmidzi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Kajian ini menghasilkan temuan: 1) tingkat pemahaman hadits mahasiswa sebelum mendapatkan pengajaran model self directed learning hanya pada tahap mampu untuk mengerti atau memahami hadits Nabi SAW belum mampu melakukan kajian hadits secara lebih kritis dan mendalam 2) penerapan menggunakan tahap planning, implementing, monitoring dan evaluating. 3) faktor pendukung: referensi yang mudah dicari, pendampingan dosen dan lingkungan. Sedangkan faktor penghambat: media pembelajaran dan kurangnya keaktifan dan kesadaran mahasiswa.

Kata Kunci: model pembelajaran, self directed learning, pemahaman hadits
Evaluación de la calidad del servicio al cliente: Caso de la empresa Ferreleczam
Authors: Zambrano Zevallos Leonela Elizabeth
Published: October 2023

Los establecimientos de la rama ferretero forman parte del conjunto de negocios que ofrecen servicios a personas particulares y compañías dedicadas al sector de la construcción de obras civiles. Estos establecimientos han venido incorporándose al sistema económico de una manera creciente, atendiendo la demanda de consumidores sensibles y cada vez más exigentes en materia de atención, por lo que se han visto en la necesidad de adoptar medidas que le ayuden a prestar un mejor y más eficiente servicio. Partiendo de ese hecho, el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la calidad del servicio de atención al cliente de la empresa ferretera Ferreleczam. Desde el punto de vista metodológico se abordó como una investigación mixta, a partir de la aplicación de una encuesta a una muestra conformada por 450 compradores del referido establecimiento comercial. Se encontraron algunas debilidades en atención al cliente y la gestión de ventas, lo que permite concluir que es necesario diseñar estrategias para mejorar sustancialmente la atención que la empresa oferta a cada uno de sus clientes.
Modelos para la valoración de la carga mental de trabajo: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Acosta Prieto Juan Lázaro , Cuello Cuello Yilena , García Dihigo Joaquín , Almeda Barrios Yoel
Published: October 2023

La evolución tecnológica ha transformado radicalmente el panorama laboral al generar una creciente necesidad de habilidades cognitivas en comparación con las habilidades físicas tradicionales. Este cambio ha estimulado el interés social por comprender y abordar las implicaciones de esta tendencia. El objetivo general del presente artículo fue analizar los modelos y normas regulatorias propuestos en la literatura académica para la valoración del trabajo mental en el contexto laboral. Para ello se utilizó la metodología de revisión sistemática través de buscadores especializados en literatura académica. Se empleó como herramientas el software VOSviewer para un análisis bibliométrico y representación gráfica de la información recopilada, así como también el gestor bibliográfico EndNote. Se demostró que el modelo NASA-TLX es el más empleado por los investigadores, considerando la cantidad de estudios que existen al respecto y la validez demostrada; y que la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-035-STPS-2018, es la más reciente de las aprobadas con relación al tema. Dicha norma contribuye a prevenir y realizar acciones de control de los factores de riesgo psicosocial, sirviendo como herramienta para identificar y prevenir los factores de riesgo psicosocial y evaluar el entorno laboral.
The Generation of Semantics in Natural Language and the Formation of Brain Intelligence
Authors: Tang Lei
Published: October 2023

In nature, the intelligence phenomenon that exists with the matter form was originated from the motion and interaction between a great number of microscopic matters. At the first step of intelligence development, intelligent agent needs being able to represent and recognize various external stimulations. Therefore, after this paper first introducing the characteristics of neuron, we next introduce that human brain is how to represent color and sound stimulations through the radial basis function principle, and for color representation we use a quantitative analysis method to approximately estimate the number of the basis color attributes represented by our brains. It is known that the simple neuron in the primary cortex is able to extract the direction information of a line, and in this paper, for the topology structure representation of a shape we have introduced the concept of line segment directional spectrum. Specially as the principle of the three primary colors which is applied also in the primary visual cortex, through the principle of the three primary directions the vision system can efficiently represent the topology structure information of a shape. In addition, we have emphasized that the semantics in natural language exist in the neural fiber plexus nodes of the brain and have introduced the practical application of shape topology structure, semantics and attention mechanism in cognitive behavior. Note that human knowledge is represented through natural language, this paper also elucidates the principle of matter primacy. Through summarizing the evolutionary process of human intelligence, we have found that the subjective initiative of humans in behavior is most important characteristic that distinguishes humans from animals. At the end of this paper, we explain that why the brain consumes less power and the limitations of human intelligence.
Defence against Image Distortions using Artificial Immune Systems
Authors: Ofori-Oduro Mark , Amer Maria
Published: October 2023

We study object detection and image classification models and observe that their respective architectures are vulnerable to image distortions such as noise, compression, blur or snow. We propose alleviating this problem by training the models with antibodies generated using Artificial Immune Systems (AIS) from original training samples (antigens). These antibodies are AIS-distorted antigens at the pixel level through cycles of "select, clone, mutate, select" until an affinity to the antigen is achieved. We then add the antibodies to the antigens, train the models, validate and test them under 15 distortions, and show that our data augmentation approach (AISbod) significantly improved their accuracy without altering their architecture or inference speed. For example, YOLOv4 improves by 3.90% on average over all 15 distortions, 4.06% under snow, and 28.11%  under impulse noise. Our simulations show that compared to related defence methods, our method performs better under distortions, is more consistent across datasets and object detection models, and also under clean samples. Moreover, we show that our approach to image classification significantly improves accuracy under distortions.
Pilot Assignment for Cell-Free Massive MIMO: A Spectral Clustering Approach
Authors: Zhang Long , Yang Shuangyu , Han Zhu
Published: October 2023

In this letter, we study the pilot assignment scheme in the uplink cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output system. To accurately depict the potential co-pilot interference (CPI) among the user terminals (UTs), we introduce the normalized contribution value of AP to the received signal strength at the UT. A weighted conflict clustering graph is constructed by using the potential CPI to define the weight of the edge that connects the co-pilot UTs. Then, the pilot assignment optimization is transformed into a Min-Cut problem, which is further converted as a more effective normalized cut to find a partition of the UTs into disjoint clusters for minimizing the overall CPI. We develop a two-stage algorithm via spectral clustering to solve the relaxed problem efficiently. Numerical results are provided to validate the superiority of the proposed algorithm as compared to the existing methods in terms of the uplink average sum-rate and the quality of channel estimation.
The Association between Serum Zinc Levels and Zinc Supplementation in Topical Retinoids Treated Acne Vulgaris Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Rumu Humayra , Ferdous Rumana , Jhumu Sumayra , Akand Mohammad Rashedul Islam , Nargis Farhana , Zarin Israt Zahan
Published: October 2023

Background: The association between serum zinc levels and zinc supplementation, with topical retinoids treatment in acne vulgaris patients presents a multifaceted interplay involving both physiological and therapeutic aspects. Objective: To evaluate the association between serum zinc levels and zinc supplementation with topical retinoid-treated in acne vulgaris patients. Method: A clinical trial was carried out at the Department of Pharmacology and Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, spanning from March 2020 to January 2022, with participant enrollment commencing in April 2021. This study encompassed 122 recently diagnosed mild to moderate acne vulgaris (AV) patients who received 20 mg of zinc sulfate or 20mg of placebo tablet twice daily orally with topical retinoid treatment. Notably, nine participants withdrew from the study for various reasons, resulting in a cohort of 113 individuals for per-protocol (PP) analysis. The investigation featured both baseline and after 8-week follow-up assessments, scrutinizing GAGS acne severity scores and serum zinc levels. Results: After 8 weeks of intervention, serum zinc levels in the intervention arm significantly increased from the baseline (100.39 ± 22.26 vs. 59.03 ± 15.76, P = 0.00), and they were also significantly higher than in the control arm. Likewise, the GAGS score in the intervention arm significantly decreased after 8 weeks compared to the baseline (12.03 ± 5.39 vs. 16.74 ± 6.09, P = 0.00) and was significantly lower than in the control arm. Also shows a correlation between serum zinc level and GAGS score which was observed after 8 weeks of intervention. Conclusion: Our study suggests that combining zinc supplementation with topical retinoids for acne treatment depends on factors like patient traits, baseline zinc levels, formulations, and duration. While findings vary, there's an overall trend toward better outcomes with this combination. Zinc's .......
Relationship between Serum Magnesium & Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with and without Foot Ulcer
Authors: Sultana Laila , Sikder Md. Sadaqul Islam , Tahfim Tanzia
Published: October 2023

DBackground: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with various complications, including foot ulcer. Dyslipidemia and hypomagnesemia are common in T2DM patients and may contribute to the development of complications. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum magnesium level and lipid profile in T2DM patients with and without foot ulcer. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BIRDEM Academy, Dhaka, Bangladesh, involving 120 T2DM patients. Participants were divided into two groups: Group A (T2DM patients with foot ulcer, n=60) and Group B (T2DM patients without foot ulcer, n=60). Serum magnesium level and lipid profile were measured, and their correlations were analyzed. Result: Significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of serum magnesium level and lipid profile. Group A had a higher prevalence of hypomagnesemia (69.6%) compared to Group B (30.4%). Elevated level of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and LDL cholesterol were also observed in Group A. A significant positive correlation was found between serum magnesium level and total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in Group A, while no significant correlation was observed in Group B. Conclusion: The study revealed that T2DM patients with foot ulcers are more likely to have hypomagnesemia and dyslipidemia compared to those without foot ulcer. A significant correlation between serum magnesium level and lipid profile was observed in patients with foot ulcer. These findings may have important implications for the management and prevention of complications in T2DM patients and warrant further investigation through longitudinal studies.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Awareness Campaigns in Addressing Psychiatric Aspects of Drug Addiction: A Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Md. Rakibuzzaman , Zahan Rumana
Published: October 2023

Background: The burgeoning issue of drug addiction, coupled with its intricate linkages to psychiatric aspects, necessitates innovative interventions. This research delves into the efficacy of awareness campaigns as a strategy for addressing the psychiatric dimensions of drug addiction, specifically within the confines of a tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: This prospective study examined the impact of awareness campaigns on drug addiction's psychiatric dimensions. Using purposive sampling, 100 patients were selected from the Department of Psychiatry, Rajshahi Medical College, between January 2020 and December 2022. Quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews were conducted to measure changes in awareness, attitudes, and behaviors. Standardized scales gauged shifts over time. Ethical considerations were adhered to. Pre- and post-campaign comparisons facilitated longitudinal assessment. Results: Preliminary findings reveal a positive shift in participants' awareness of psychiatric aspects linked to drug addiction after exposure to awareness campaigns. Initial awareness levels of 25% concerning psychiatric dimensions rose significantly to 68% post-campaign. Moreover, willingness to seek comprehensive treatment increased from 32% before the campaign to 75% afterward. Actively seeking treatment information also saw a rise, climbing from 18% pre-campaign to 56% post-campaign. Qualitative insights highlighted that 83% of participants acknowledged the campaigns' role in enhancing understanding. Additionally, participants displayed improved attitudes towards seeking treatment for both addiction and concurrent psychiatric issues. These results collectively indicate the campaigns' efficacy in fostering heightened awareness, altering attitudes, and driving proactive behaviors. Conclusions: The initial results indicate that awareness campaigns hold promise as effective tools in addressing the psychiatric dimensions of drug addiction treatment. A comprehensive analysis of the complete dataset will provide deeper insights into the extent of these changes and their potential long-term implications for treatment outcomes.
Pengaruh Spirulina platensis terhadap Aktivitas Katalase Hepar Tikus (Rattus Norvegicus) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Dosis Tinggi
Authors: Hapsari Sindy Arum , E. J. T. Sihning , Pikir Rizqi Rokhmadhoni , Pratiknya Djatiwidodo Edi
Published: October 2023

Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI), seringkali disebabkan oleh akumulasi metabolit reaktif yang dihasilkan obat seperti parasetamol, N-acetyl-p-benzoqui-none imine (NAPQI) sehingga memicu terjadinya stres oskidatif, yaitu kondisi dimana perbandingan jumlah radikal bebas yang lebih tinggi daripada jumlah antioksidan. Ekstrak Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) yang kaya antioksidan berpotensi menangkal radikal bebas. Peneliti terdahulu  menunjukkan S. platensis 360 mg/KgBB dapat menurunkan malondialdehida sebagai indikator kadar radikal bebas.  Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan uji aktivitas katalase untuk mengetahui peran S. platensis 360 mg/KgBB sebagai indikator kadar antioksidan pada kondisi stres oksidatif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan randomized posttest only control group design. Sampel sebanyak 30 ekor tikus Rattus norvegicus jantan, dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok: (K-) kelompok yang tidak mendapat perlakuan; (K+) kelompok yang diinduksi parasetamol; (Kp) kelompok yang diinduksi parasetamol dan diberi ekstrak S. platensis 360 mg/KgBB. Pada akhir penelitian, seluruh kelompok dilakukan perhitungan aktivitas katalase jaringan hepar. Hasil uji One Way Anova menunjukkan adanya peningkatan aktivitas katalase yang signifikan (p = 0,041), terutama antara kelompok K- dengan kelompok K+ (p = 0,032) dan antara kelompok Kp dengan kelompok K+ (p = 0,025). Simpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak S. platensis terbukti memberikan pengaruh antioksidan terhadap peningkatan aktivitas katalase jaringan hepar tikus yang diinduksi parasetamol dosis tinggi.
Korelasi antara Massa Otot dan Fungsi Kognitif pada Mahasiswi Kedokteran
Authors: Fazriani Alifianisa , Bustamam Nurfitri , Tjang Yanto Sandy , Heristyorini Ayodya
Published: October 2023

Hasil penelitian tahun 2018 menunjukkan sebanyak 52,5% dari 217 mahasiswa kedokteran melakukan sedentary lifestyle. Sedentary lifestyle dapat mengakibatkan berkurangnya massa otot sehingga terjadi perubahan sintesis miokin yang memberikan dampak merugikan pada fungsi kognitif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara massa otot dan fungsi kognitif pada mahasiswi kedokteran. Penelitian menggunakan desain dengan besar sampel 90 mahasiswi yang diambil seluruhnya (total sampling) dari mahasiswa sesuai kriteria penelitian. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah Tanita Medical Body Composition Analyzer (MC-980MA Plus) dan kuesioner Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Hasil penelitian didapatkan 38 (42,2%) subjek memiliki massa otot rendah, 47 (52,2%) subjek memiliki massa otot normal, dan 5 (5,6%) subjek memiliki massa otot tinggi. Hasil pemeriksaan fungsi kognitif didapatkan skor dengan median 61 (43-76), 64 (50-100), dan 81 (68-92) berturut-turut pada kelompok massa otot rendah, normal, dan tinggi. Hasil uji Kruskal-Wallis menunjukkan perbedaan skor fungsi kognitif antar kelompok massa otot (p = 0,023). Hasil uji Spearman menunjukkan korelasi antara massa otot dan skor fungsi kognitif dengan korelasi lemah (p = 0,008; r = 0,279). Semakin tinggi massa otot, semakin baik fungsi kognitif.
МЕСТО И РОЛЬ ПРАВОВОГО СОЗНАНИЯ В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ВИДАХ ЮРИДИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ
Authors: Ходжалиев С.А. , Ахтаева Э.А.
Published: October 2023

Правовая жизнь человека в современном обществе связана с различными вызовами, которые диктуются попытками трансформации традиционных ценностей, влиянием информационно-коммуникационных технологий и другими факторами. Актуальным направлением научных исследований является правосознание личности, определяющее как правомерное, так и неправомерное поведение человека. Проблема правосознания личности и его формирования носит антропологический характер.
МЕТОДЫ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ И СОДЕЙСТВИЯ ЛОКАЛИЗАЦИИ КЛИНИЧЕСКОГО ЮРИДИЧЕСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Authors: Абубакарова М.М. , Идилов А.И.
Published: October 2023

Клиническое юридическое образование представляет собой метод обучения, зародившийся в США и направленный на формирование у студентов юридических профессиональных навыков и профессиональных обязанностей, однако клиническое юридическое образование должно быть «локализовано», чтобы быть по-настоящему популяризированным и развитым в Российской Федерации. Образовательная ценность расширения кругозора учащихся, углубления понимания и применения теоретико-правовых знаний, а также потребность нашей страны в построении гармоничного общества и преодолении недостатков традиционного юридического образования определяют целесообразность применения и продвижения этой новой модели в системе юридического образования страны. Локализация юридического образования в клиниках имеет препятствия в концепции, финансировании, в наличии преподавателей, студентов и т.д. Чтобы улучшить и способствовать локализации юридического образования в клиниках, необходимо изменить концепции, собрать средства по нескольким каналам и усилить отбор преподавательского состава, о чем и пойдёт речь в данной статье.
МЕХАНИЗМ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ СЕТИ ЮРИДИЧЕСКИХ КЛИНИК В РАМКАХ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ С ПРОФИЛЬНЫМИ ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫМИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯМИ
Authors: Эльмурзаев С.М.
Published: October 2023

В статье раскрывается необходимость организации сети юридических клиник по инициативе университета, осуществляющего подготовку будущих юристов, и в рамках сотрудничества с профильными некоммерческими организациями. Представлен механизм привлечения к деятельности юридических клиник будущих юристов из числа студентов и выпускников университета. Дается описание непосредственной деятельности каждой юридической клиники, основанной на базе соответствующей профильной общественной организации. Раскрывается полезность каждой заинтересованной стороны, в частности в отношении университета, будущих студентов, общественных организации и нуждающихся в правовой помощи граждан. Разъясняется сущность ротации начинающих специалистов и роль наставника в деятельности каждой клиники юридической направленности. Приводятся примеры успешной реализации идентичной инициативы в субъектах СКФО и аргументируется целесообразность внедрения подобной практики в Чеченской Республике.