bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative versions of almost squareness and diameter 2 properties
Authors: Oja Eve , Saealle Natalia , Zolk Indrek
Published: September 2020

We introduce a quantitative version (using s ∈ 2 (0; 1]) of almost (local) squareness of Banach spaces. The latter concept (i.e., the s = 1 case) was introduced by Abrahamsen, Langemets, and Lima in 2016. Related diameter 2 properties (local, strong, and symmetric strong) are also relaxed correspondingly. Our note contains some (counter-)examples and results for the s-almost (local) squareness property.
Things We Do for No Reason™: Routine Coverage of Anaerobes in Aspiration Pneumonia
Authors: Vedamurthy Amar , Rajendran Iniya , Manian Farrin
Published: September 2020

Inspired by the ABIM Foundation's Choosing Wisely® campaign, the “Things We Do for No Reason™” (TWDFNR) series reviews practices that have become common parts of hospital care but may provide little value to our patients. Practices reviewed in the TWDFNR series do not represent “black and white” conclusions or clinical practice standards but are meant as a starting place for research and active discussions among hospitalists and patients. We invite you to be part of that discussion.
The Double Trigger for Mortgage Default: Evidence from the Fracking Boom
Authors: Cunningham Chris , Gerardi Kristopher , Shen Lily
Published: September 2020

This paper exploits a natural experiment afforded by the fracking boom in Pennsylvania to shed light on the determinants of mortgage default. Looking only at mortgages originated before fracking became viable, and using the underlying geology as a supply shifter, we find that mortgages on homes exposed to shale drilling experience a significant reduction in default risk. This effect is more than four times greater for borrowers who are underwater on their loans. Additional evidence shows that fracking activity does not raise house prices, but significantly increases household income through higher royalty payments, wages, and salaries. Furthermore, we find that fracking directly leads to employment increases in the drilling/mining and construction sectors at the county level and reduces income from unemployment benefits at the ZIP-code level. Finally, in addition to reducing mortgage-default risk, we show that fracking lowers credit card delinquencies. These results are most consistent with the “double-trigger” theory of mortgage default, where underwater borrowers subject to an adverse income shock are much more likely to lose their homes to foreclosure.

This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance.
Unpacking the Managerial Blues: How Expectations Formed in the Past Carry into New Jobs
Authors: Bourmault Nishani , Anteby Michel
Published: September 2020

Becoming a manager is generally seen as a highly coveted step up the career ladder that corresponds to a gain in responsibility. There is evidence, however, that some individuals experience “managerial blues,” or disenchantment with their managerial jobs after being promoted. Although past scholarship points to individual differences (such as skills inadequacy) or the promotion circumstances (such as involuntary) as possible explanations for such blues, less is known as to how the expectations that people carry with them from past jobs—such as expectations about what responsibility entails—may shape their first managerial experience. To answer this question, we compare the experiences of supervisors coming from different jobs—that is, former Paris subway drivers (working independently and impacting the lives of others) and station agents (working interdependently with limited impact on others’ lives)—that left them with distinct sets of expectations around responsibility. Drawing on interviews and observations, we find that former drivers developed a deep sense of “personal” responsibility. After promotion, their perceived managerial responsibility paled in comparison with their expectations of what it felt like to have personal responsibility, leading the majority to experience managerial blues. In contrast, former agents had few expectations of what responsibility entailed and reported no disenchantment once they joined the managerial ranks. Overall, we show how imprinted expectations shape people’s future managerial experiences, including their managerial blues, and discuss the implications of our findings for literatures on job mobility and job design.
The effects of stretching with cryotherapy, stretching with heat and stretching alone on hamstring flexibility in physically active females
Authors: Raghwani Devyani , Wdowski Maximilian M
Published: September 2020

Background/Aims

A pre- and post-intervention study was conducted to examine the effects of acute cryotherapy with stretching, heat with stretching, and stretching alone on hamstring flexibility.

Methods

Thirty female participants were randomly allocated into three groups: stretching with cryotherapy, stretching with heat, or stretching without an intervention. A sit and reach test and the 90/90 active knee extension test were conducted before and after a 20-minute stretching routine to measure hamstring flexibility.

Results

Differences were observed pre- and post-test in the sit and reach test and knee 90/90 extension tasks (P<0.05) within all three groups. However, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) between the three intervention groups.

Conclusions

Combining stretching with cryotherapy or heat application potentially provides no additional benefit to stretching alone in short-term enhancements to hamstring muscle flexibility in physically active females.
Consumer scepticism: A systematic review of literature
Authors: Chaudhary Vartika , Sharma Dinesh , Kalro Arti D.
Published: September 2020

Scepticism towards marketing activities is a common consumer cognition. Despite its widespread prevalence, no attempt has been made in the past to review and synthesise the extant literature on scepticism. This study presents a comprehensive review and analysis of consumer scepticism
literature from various domains of marketing. The paper critically examines various definitions, operationalisations, typologies, and the theoretical foundation of consumer scepticism, and differentiates scepticism from related constructs of (dis)trust, dissonance, and ambivalence. It presents
a synthesis of literature on the antecedents (individual, product, and claim-related factors) and consequences (for promotions, products, retailers, and firms) of consumer scepticism. A framework is proposed based on the synthesis. The framework can help researchers studying scepticism in
a particular domain (like health-related claims) identify relevant variables from other domains (like environmental claims). Results of the review process reveal a lack of clarity on the dimensionality and the measurement of scepticism; a paucity of research on drivers and consequences of
consumer scepticism; and the need for further investigation of the concept of situational scepticism.
Responding to change and customer value improvement: Pragmatic advice to banks
Authors: Nyagadza Brighton
Published: September 2020

This paper aims to suggest measures necessary for the survival of Zimbabwean banks and other related institutions globally. The author shares his insights pertaining to the ways in which banks can adapt in a bid to promote growth and sustainability. The banks in Zimbabwe have been on
a quest for new innovative ways of improving their customer service experience. In the paper, matters relating to approaches useful for added customer value, leveraging environmental scanning, entrepreneurial strategy, envisaged business model, internal creative climate, key stakeholders role
in driving customer value, collaboration, engagement, learning and change, refined team recruitment, development of agile marketing function leadership, adoption of IT function and networking are addressed, in line with Zimbabwean banks. The major contributions of the paper include exposing
potential markets by suggesting the adoption of a 'Blue Ocean Strategy' through innovation and marketing functions, leveraging on key external stakeholders for survival, and inclination towards profitable collaborations or alliances, important for policy, practice, theory, and subsequent marketing
and financial services research.
A review of measuring brand equity with emphasis on the role of price premium
Authors: Kaprwan Pankaj , Mathur Sameer
Published: September 2020

Practitioners and marketers have leveraged brand equity in order to charge a premium price for their products, relative to competition, in the marketplace, yet, we do not find a systematic literature review that captures the importance of this metric as an outcome of brand equity. The
purpose of this review is to fill this gap. This review (a) identifies and summarises the relevant literature, providing an understanding of brand equity; (b) highlights the academic literature which compares various brand equity measures and identifies price premium as a key metric; and (c)
highlights empirical research work that identifies and validates price premium as a key metric in the B2C marketplace. This review suggests future research directions, exploring the relevance of a price premium metric as a service brand equity measure.
A concept in search of a stronger foundation: Three ideal types of place brand architectures
Authors: Stevens Vidar
Published: September 2020

Besides a few extra mentions in case studies and conceptual articles, the concept of place brand architecture has received limited attention in the place branding literature. Moreover, the literature lacks a convincing theoretical foundation of the concept of place brand architecture.
This lack of scholarly attention for the concept of place brand architecture is striking, because it means that we ('as scholars') have little knowledge about the different manifestations of place brand architectures. From a critical stance, it can even be argued that scholars have failed
to scrutinise the scholarly question of under what circumstances a specific set-up of place brand architecture is most suited for a specific type of multistakeholder place branding campaign. To this end, the goal of this article is to contribute to the place branding literature by theorising
on what the concept of place brand architecture entails, what the different dimensions of a place brand architecture are, and what ideal types of place brand architectures can be distilled from the literature. These ideal types, which, as the article shows, can also be observed in practice,
may help future research to look with specific theoretical lenses at set-ups of place brand architectures.
Trends in sports analytics for event management: A content analysis
Authors: Sen Subhasis , Rajagopal K.
Published: September 2020

This is a conceptual paper which explores recent trends in sports analytics for event management and the influence thereof on viewership, sponsorship and athletic performance. The content analysis here entails multiple case studies on sporting events; recommended practices for organising
sporting events are highlighted using a site-ordered effects matrix. Analysis yields unprecedented outcomes related to sporting event ticket prices (relevant especially to fans and organisers), willingness of athletes to participate in mega events, technologies to be used to effectively reach
out to passionate fans, and innovative practices to build a sound infrastructure involving sponsors, athletes and authorities.
Frequency ratio of an 115In+ ion clock and a 87Sr optical lattice clock
Authors: Ohtsubo Nozomi , Li Ying , Nemitz Nils , Hachisu Hidekazu , Matsubara Kensuke , Ido Tetsuya , Hayasaka Kazuhiro
Published: September 2020

We report on the first, to the best of our knowledge, frequency ratio measurement of an

single-ion clock and a

optical lattice clock. A hydrogen
maser serves as a flywheel oscillator to measure the ratio by
independent optical combs. From 89,000 s of measurement time, the
frequency ratio

is determined to be 2.952 748 749 874
863 3(23) with

relative uncertainty. The measurement
creates a new connection in the network of frequency ratios of optical
clocks.
Heroic affect and structures of national feeling on British television: 1990s Sharpe vs. 2010s The Last Kingdom
Authors: Korte Barbara
Published: September 2020

This article uses the affective and affecting concept of the hero to trace the structures of national feeling in two British television series: Sharpe (ITV 1993–97) and The Last Kingdom (BBC 2015–17). Both series are adaptations of military historical fiction by the bestselling author Bernard Cornwell but were created in and for two different periods in the United Kingdom. Television drama articulates the anxieties, hopes and needs of the time when it is produced. Its multimodal medium enables complex affective arrangements of (heroic) character, plot, genre conventions and televisual style. The article shows that Sharpe and The Last Kingdom present occasions for the viewers to perceive their hero characters as affective constructs, and it asks whether the hero affect is linked to an equally affective conception of nationhood. When viewed through the lens of the heroic, the series indicate a shift in structures of national feeling between the 1990s and the 2010s. Sharpe invited its contemporary viewers to perceive the titular character as heroic, but the aesthetic arrangement in which the character predominantly appears is that of the swashbuckler genre with a focus on stirring adventure; the hero affect is dissociated from an affective concept of nationhood. By contrast, The Last Kingdom links its hero to the nation in a highly affective and affecting manner, and its aesthetic arrangement draws considerably on the conventions of epic, a genre of national significance and the aesthetics of the sublime.
Affect is not innocent: How affect can evolve into an ideological space
Authors: Van Tourhout Benjamin
Published: September 2020

While being affected, as the processural embodiment of emotions, is often seen with positive bias and as a literary or aesthetic quality, I will argue that affectivity is not restricted to emotive or aesthetical happenings, but that it opens ways to share ideologies through narratives. Due to affects that audiences experience, they can evolve into a state of being morally off-guard due to the profound emotive response to certain dramatic elements. Heroic elements in narratives seem to amplify such uncritical acceptance of both behaviour and ideologies. They allow audiences to embrace ideas they might otherwise reject because of their allegiance to heroized figures. The article elaborates on this specific ideological element of spectatorship and discusses it within the field of performing arts by making reference to the work of, among others, The Panic Movement, Jerzy Grotowski and Romeo Castellucci. I will analyse the strategies employed in performing arts to create affective experiences, such as mirror neurons, transparency, shock effects or alienating effects. The article combines insights from the research field of spectatorship and morality, as affect allows audiences to side with ideologies they would normally oppose. I argue that affect is not only a highway to the heart of audiences but can simultaneously be a silencer for the moral mind.
Eskola giroa: definizioa, domeinuak, beste aldagaiekin harremana eta ebaluazioa
Authors: Escalante Mateos Naiara , Fernández-Zabala Arantza , Goñi Palacios Eider , Izar de la Fuente Diaz de Cerio Iker
Published: September 2020

Eskola giroa aztertzea interesgarria da ikasleen ebaluazioaren testuinguruaren ikuspegitik. Dena den, eskola giroa lantzeko eta ebaluatzeko zaila den konstruktua da, batez ere hainbat ikuspegitatik ikertu izan den dimentsio anitzeko egitura delako. Gaur egun, oraindik, terminologia nahasmen handia dago haren inguruan, eta haren barne egitura ez dago argi zehaztuta. Beraz, gai hori argitu ahal izateko asmoz, lan honen helburu nagusia da eskola giroa konstruktuaren berrikuspen teorikoa egitea, bai eta hura neurtzeko bideratutako tresnak aztertzea ere. Ondorioztatzen da herrialde anglosaxoietan aldagai horren dimentsioak ebaluatzeko garatu diren tresnak asko eta askotarikoak izan diren arren, gaztelaniaz onartu eta baliozkotu diren tresnak oso urriak direla oraindik. Horrela, agerian uzten da fidagarritasun eta baliozkotasun estandar unibertsalak betetzen dituen eta maila teorikoan babes handiena duten lau domeinuak (segurtasuna, harremanak, ingurumen-egitura alderdiak eta irakaskuntza-ikaskuntza) ebaluatzen dituen gaztelaniazko ebaluazio tresna bat izateko premia. Auzi hori etorkizuneko lanetan jorratuko da.
PET en el diagnóstico de la patología de tiroides
Authors: Díaz-González Luis Gonzaga , Garcia-Talavera Paloma , Gomez-Caminero Felipe , Riola-Parada Cristina , Villanueva-Curto Juan Gabriel , Tamayo-Alonso Pilar
Published: September 2020

La PET/TC es una técnica cuyas indicaciones en Oncología se encuentran en expansión y el cáncer de tiroides es una de ellas. En el presente artículo se revisan las indicaciones establecidas hasta la fecha, así como aquellos campos en los que son necesarias investigaciones adicionales que permitan establecer la utilidad de esta técnica en los distintos tipos de patología maligna tiroidea.
Papel de la Cirugía Torácica en la cirugía de paratiroides
Authors: Jiménez-López Marcelo F. , Gómez-Hernández María Teresa
Published: September 2020

Introducción y objetivo: La prevalencia de paratiroides ectópicas oscila entre el 6.3% y el 26% en pacientes intervenidos por hiperparatiroidismo y la exploración mediastínica es necesaria en alrededor del 1-2% de los pacientes con paratiroides ectópica. El objetivo del presente artículo es describir las particularidades del tratamiento quirúrgico de las paratiroides mediastínicas. Síntesis: La localización preoperatoria de paratiroides ectópicas es fundamental para asegurar el éxito de la intervención; la gammagrafía de doble fase con 99mTc-metoxi-isobutil-isonitrilo (99mTc-MIBI) se considera la técnica gold estándar para su localización. La navegación intraoperatoria radioguiada con sonda gamma y la monitorización intraoperatoria de la PTH son útiles para reducir el tiempo quirúrgico y evitar re-exploraciones innecesarias. Los abordajes mínimamente invasivos (VATS o cirugía robótica) para la exploración y extirpación de lesiones presentes en mediastino ofrecen ventajas sobre los abordajes abiertos convencionales como son la magnificación y mejor visión de las estructuras y la maniobrabilidad. Conclusiones: El éxito de la extirpación quirúrgica de las paratiroides ectópicas se basa en la adecuada localización preoperatoria. La navegación radioguiada con sonda gamma y la monitorización de la PTH intraoperatorias son útiles para asegurar la adecuada resección de la paratiroides. Los abordajes mínimamente invasivos (VATS o cirugía robótica) han reducido la necesidad de esternotomía o toracotomía.
LOS TRIBUNALES PENALES INTERNACIONALES COMO ANTECEDENTES DE LA APLICACIÓN DEL DERECHO INTERNACIONAL A LOS INDIVIDUOS
Authors: Casallas Méndez Oscar Orlando , Santarelli Nicolás Carrillo
Published: September 2020

El propósito general del artículo es analizar los antecedentes de laaplicación del derecho internacional a los individuos, teniendo como punto departida los tribunales penales internacionales. Del mismo modo, esta investigación también aborda los criterios que permitieron el juzgamiento de individuos frente a estos tribunales. Por lo tanto, se estudiará em el primer momento los juicios de los Tribunales Militares Internacionales de Núremberg, el cual, a partir de su entrada en funcionamiento, asumió la responsabilidad de juzgar a los individuos señalados por cometer crímenes de guerra, contra la humanidad y la paz durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. El segundo de los antecedes que se analizará, es la constitución de los Tribunales ad hoc de Yugoslavia (TPIY) y Ruanda (TPIR), los cuales fueron creados como respuesta por parte de la comunidad internacional con la finalidad exclusiva de enjuiciar algunos de los crímenes más graves cometidos a finales del siglo XX. Finalmente, se analiza la Corte Penal Internacional (CPI), que juzga los crímenes internacionales más graves dentro de los escenarios específicos, y los tribunales mixtos. En las distintas fases de la Investigación, se aplicaron las técnicas de referencia, categoría, concepto operativo e investigación bibliográfica. En cuanto a la metodología utilizada, se registra que, en la fase de investigación, se utilizó el método inductivo, en la fase de procesamiento de datos, el método cartesiano, y los resultados expresados con base lógica inductiva.
HERMENÊUTICA, ANALÍTICA E ARGUMENTAÇÃO: DISTINTAS VISÕES SOBRE A DISCRICIONARIEDADE JUDICIAL
Authors: Luiz Streck Lenio
Published: September 2020

A crise que atravessa a hermenêutica jurídica possui uma relação direta com a discussão acerca da crise do conhecimento e do problema da fundamentação, própria do início do século XX. Observe-se que as várias tentativas de estabelecer regras ou cânones para o processo interpretativo a partir do predomínio da objetividade ou da subjetividade ou, até mesmo, de conjugar a subjetividade do intérprete com a objetividade do texto. Apesar da revolução copernicana produzida pela viravolta linguístico-hermenêutica, é possível detectar nitidamente a sua não recepção pela hermenêutica jurídica praticada nas escolas de direito e nos tribunais, onde ainda predomina o método, mesmo que geneticamente modificado pelas teorias discursivas.
Peryfrazy nazw własnych w aspekcie strukturalnym
Authors: Afeltowicz Beata
Published: September 2020

Broadly speaking, linguistic periphrase is the use of a complex descriptive expression instead of a single word. The subjects of the description in the article are poetic periphrases referring to the names of singing women. This general term is related to different types of singing activities, which can be done by: singers, vocalists, opera singers, divas, soloists, choristers, prima donnas, chancellors. The aim of the research was to collect a complete set of contemporary peripheral terms of Polish and foreign singing women, to analyse their structure in formal terms and to analyse the lexemes (14 reference units and 9 proper names) as constitutive elements of periphrases. The article includes an alphabetical index of personal names along with the descriptive expressions for them (over 60 analytical lexical units).
Świat Dysku w przekładzie
Authors: Janusz Alicja
Published: September 2020

The Discworld by Terry Pratchett is one of the most famous English fantasy series in the world. It has been translated into several languages, including Polish. The text, however, caused several translation difficulties and problems which have been solved in different ways by Piotr Cholewa, the author of the translation. These problems and solutions are the subject of this article that presents samples of translation with a short commentary.
Nie tylko klawisz, nie tylko ment – z historii kilku socjolektalnych nazw policjantów i funkcjonariuszy więziennych
Authors: Pacuła Jarosław
Published: September 2020

The author presents several nouns functioning as synonyms for jailer (warder) and policeman. The author pays attention to these names because descriptions of contemporary language of deviant circles are frequent, but the vocabulary of criminals still doesn’t have diachronic characteristics. The described names are, among others: klawisz / klawisznik [jailer, screw], ment [louse], chmura [cloud], jancio [Johnny]. The author describes name changes in Polish prison slang from the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. He indicates the sources of individual names and describes the semantic changes that took place under the influence of foreign languages as well.
Highly thermally conductive boron nitride@UHMWPE composites with segregated structure
Authors: Wu Xian , Liu Wei , Ren Li , Zhang Chun
Published: September 2020

Highly thermally conductive boron nitride (BN)@ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composites with the segregated structure were fabricated by powder mixing and hot pressing. Scanning electron microscopy and polarizing optical microscopy were used to analyze the dispersion of BN particles in the UHMWPE matrix. The morphology observation shows that BN particles are selectively located at the interfaces of UHMWPE particles and form continuous thermally conductive networks after the compression molding process. As a result, the thermal conductivity of the BN@UHMWPE composite increases to 3.37 W m−1 K−1 with 38.3 vol% BN, which is seven times larger than that of the pure UHMWPE. Furthermore, the incorporation of BN also influences the crystallinity and thermal properties of UHMWPE.
Phase change materials for building construction: An overview of nano-/micro-encapsulation
Authors: Sivanathan Amende , Dou Qingqing , Wang Yuxuan , Li Yunfeng , Corker Jorge , Zhou Yonghui , Fan Mizi
Published: September 2020

Buildings contribute to 40% of total global energy consumption, which is responsible to 38% of greenhouse gas emissions. It is critical to enhance the energy efficiency of buildings to mitigate global warming. In the last decade, advances in thermal energy storage (TES) techniques using phase change material (PCM) have gained much attention among researchers, mainly to reduce energy consumption and to promote the use of renewable energy sources such as solar energy. PCM technology is one of the most promising technologies available for the development of high performance and energy-efficient buildings and, therefore, considered as one of the most effective and on-going fields of research. The main limitation of PCM is its leakage problem which limits its potential use in building construction and other applications such as TES and textiles, which can be overcome by employing nano-/micro-encapsulation technologies. This paper comprehensively overviews the nano-/micro-encapsulation technologies, which are mainly classified into three categories including physical, physiochemical and chemical methods, and the properties of microcapsules prepared. Among all encapsulation technologies available, the chemical method is commonly used since it offers the best technological approach in terms of encapsulation efficiency and better structural integrity of core material. There is a need to develop a method for the synthesis of nano-encapsulated PCMs to achieve enhanced structural stability and better fracture resistance and, thus, longer service life. The accumulated database of properties/performance of PCMs and synthesised nano-/micro-capsules from various techniques presented in the paper should serve as the most useful information for the production of nano-/micro-capsules with desirable characteristics for building construction application and further innovation of PCM technology.
Injury of the optic radiation in patients with mild TBI: A DTT study
Authors: Jang Sung Ho , Kim Seong Ho , Seo You Sung
Published: September 2020

Objectives

We investigated injuries of the optic radiations (ORs) in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) by using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT).

Methods

Fifty-two consecutive patients who complained of visual problems showed abnormal visual evoked potential (VEP) latency but no abnormality on conventional brain MRI after mild TBI, and fifty normal control subjects were recruited for this study. Subjects’ ORs were reconstructed using DTT, and three DTT parameters (fractional anisotropy [FA], apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], and tract volume) were measured for each OR.

Results

Mean FA value and tract volume of the OR were significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group (p< 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the ADC values of the OR between the patient and control groups (p> 0.05). A weak negative correlation was detected between VEP latency and OR fiber number (r= 0.204,p< 0.05).

Conclusions

DTT revealed that OR injuries were not detected on the conventional brain MRI scans of patients who complained of visual problems and had abnormal VEP latency after mild TBI. Our results suggest that DTT would be a useful technique for detecting OR injury in patients with mild TBI.
Performance Validation of PV System Incorporated ZSI-Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Long-Lasting Power Quality Improvement
Authors: Jamuna P. , Ramani G. , Suresh K. P.
Published: September 2020

A power distribution system’s main challenge is to provide consistent, reliable electricity to fulfill high demand. The incorporation of renewable energy sources into the utility grid system can be accomplished. However, renewable sources are intermittent in nature, and the loads work dynamically and cause imbalances to the system voltage within an immediate time frame. Intermittent renewable sources affect the voltage of the power grid system. Photovoltaic (PV) power generation with Z-source inverter (ZSI)–based dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is used to avoid negative effects on the voltage. For step-up low direct current (dc) voltage to require alternating current voltage for the compensation of the voltage disturbance, ZSI with an energy storage impedance network is used. dc-dc converters connect the PV cell and the battery storage to the impedance source network. This article also incorporates an improved second-order generalized integrator (I-SOGI) control system for the generation of reference voltage signals. The I-SOGI control reference voltage generation approach greatly improves system performance and decreases the harmonic voltage. The voltage-related problems in the system connected to the utility grid are mitigated with DVR. In different load and source conditions, the PV generation with DVR performance is verified by the experimental prototype.
Understanding the Unseen: CO2's Connections in Life
Authors: Martin Rick , Lim Eun Ju
Published: September 2020

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless gas that makes up a small fraction of Earth's atmosphere. Despite its inconspicuous nature, CO2 plays an integral part in sustaining life on Earth, a part that is largely unknown or underappreciated by the general public. We present a set of activities designed to help students overcome the most common misunderstandings about CO2, from its sheer existence as a mass-containing molecule to its complementary roles in photosynthesis and respiration. Through these activities, students will be able to apply their knowledge to real-world phenomena, including weight loss and global warming.
Microplastics in the Environment: Raising Awareness in Primary Education
Authors: Raab Patricia , Bogner Franz X.
Published: September 2020

Microplastic pollution is an environmental threat with substantial effects on ecosystems. Persistence and ubiquity are the central causes of the problems microplastics generate, especially throughout water-based food webs. To limit microplastic pollution, accountability of individuals is needed, which requires reliable information for an individual to act accordingly. Knowledge about sources, contamination, fate, and effects of microplastic in the environment may be an essential element in enhancing students' motivation and sense of responsibility. Our module “Plastic Detectives – The Search for Plastic” offers consciousness-raising tasks that involve students in hands-on learning activities. Within student-centered activities, different tasks on sources in everyday life, sinks in aquatic ecosystems, effects on marine animals, and prevention strategies for microplastics are in focus. With an appropriate overview, students may be sufficiently enabled to ponder their purchase decisions and potentially limit microplastic pollution in everyday life.
Demonstrating the Role of Osmosis in Diabetes Using Growing Spheres
Authors: Apedaile Lily
Published: September 2020

“Hands-on inquiry” has become a buzzword in science education but does not have an exact definition for most practitioners. This leads to many different ideas of what inquiry should look like in the classroom, and researchers have discovered that just doing hands-on activities does not lead to deeper understanding. This is why it is important to incorporate the scientific practices of the Next Generation Science Standards into activities in the classroom, particularly designing an investigation and analyzing data. A new twist on a classic high school biology lab demonstrates how students can design and analyze their scientific investigation to draw conclusions and apply their new understanding to the human body. This activity also demonstrates how teachers can incorporate instructional material into an inquiry activity, since time constraints are a particular concern in the high school classroom.
Doing the Molecular Splits: Hands-On Demonstration Tips to Promote Student Engagement Using Split Inteins in Molecular Biology
Authors: Kao Robert M. , Liu Yan , Bai Jihong
Published: September 2020

Engaging undergraduates in the mechanisms of post-translational modifications lies at the heart of molecular and cell biology education. An important challenge for science educators is developing inclusive and equitable approaches and hands-on demonstrations to clarify post-translational modification mechanisms, such as the protein-splicing mechanism called split inteins. Here, we describe step-by-step assembly of recycled materials to help clarify the molecular action of split inteins in inclusive classroom teaching settings.
Acting Out Extinction: Sneebles Under Threat
Authors: Lessard-Pilon Stephanie , McNeil James
Published: September 2020

A challenge for introductory students in conservation biology is to understand how different environmental and human factors – in particular, density-dependent and density-independent factors – can interact to increase extinction risk in species. To enhance students' processing of sometimes dry and challenging material, we use a kinetic exercise in which students become an endangered animal, move around their environment, and act out a series of scenarios that highlight how species can be driven down a path toward extinction.
Sex differences in somatotrope response to fasting: biphasic responses in male mice
Authors: Miles Tiffany K , Silva Moreira Ana Rita , Allensworth-James Melody L , Odle Angela K , Haney Anessa C , MacNicol Angus M , MacNicol Melanie C , Childs Gwen V
Published: September 2020

Anterior pituitary somatotropes are important metabolic sensors responding to leptin by secreting growth hormone (GH). However, reduced leptin signals caused by fasting have not always correlated with reduced serum GH. Reports show that fasting may stimulate or reduce GH secretion, depending on the species. Mechanisms underlying these distinct somatotrope responses to fasting remain unknown. To define the somatotrope response to decreased leptin signaling we examined markers of somatotrope function over different time periods of fasting. Male mice were fasted for 24 and 48 h, with female mice fasted for 24 h compared to fed controls ad libitum. Body weight and serum glucose were reduced in both males and females, but, unexpectedly, serum leptin was reduced only in males. Furthermore, in males, serum GH levels showed a biphasic response with significant reductions at 24 h followed by a significant rise at 48 h, which coincided with the rise in serum ghrelin levels. In contrast, females showed an increase in serum GH at 24 h. We then explored mechanisms underlying the differential somatotrope responses seen in males and observed that pituitary levels of Gh mRNA increased, with no distinction between acute and prolonged fasting. By contrast, the Ghrhr mRNA (encoding GH releasing hormone receptor) and the Ghsr mRNA (encoding the ghrelin receptor) were both greatly increased at prolonged fasting times coincident with increased serum GH. These findings show sex differences in the somatotrope and adipocyte responses to fasting and support an adaptive role for somatotropes in males in response to multiple metabolic signals.
SFRP5 mediates downregulation of the wnt5a/caveolin-1/JNK signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Weihua , Ji Yuqiang , Chu Haiping , Wang Mo , Yang Bin , Yin Chunyan
Published: September 2020

This study investigated the effects of Wnt5a/caveolin/JNK signaling pathway and SFRP5 protein on ox-LDL-induced apoptosis of HUVEC cells. The difference of serological indexes between healthy average weight and obese children and the expression of Wnt 5a and SFRP5 was detected by clinical examination, and the correlation between serum SFRP5, Wnt 5a and the vascular endothelial injury was detected. HUVEC cells were induced by ox-LDL to construct an endothelial injury model, siRNA-transfected cells were used to construct downregulated SFRP5 and Wnt 5a expression groups, and recombination methods were used to construct upregulated Wnt5a and SFRP5 expression groups. The expression of Wnt 5a, caveolin-1, JNK and apoptosis-related proteins under different treatments were detected by the Western blot method, and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Serological results showed that the level of Sfrp5 in obese children was significantly lower than that in healthy children, and the level of Wnt5a was significantly higher than that in healthy children. Moreover, Ln Sfrp5 was significantly negatively correlated with Ang-2 in blood circulation, ICAM-1 and E-selectin selectin, but not with VCAM-1. When Wnt5a was upregulated, the expression of caveolin-1 and JNK increased significantly, Bcl-2 decreased significantly, and the apoptotic rate increased significantly. Nevertheless, when Sfrp5 expression was upregulated, the result was the opposite. SFRP5 and Wnt5a are involved in the vascular endothelial injury. Wnt5a can promote apoptosis of HUVEC cells through Wnt5a/JNK/Caveolin-1 pathway, while SFRP5 can inhibit apoptosis by interfering with this pathway.
The Status Quo, Sources and Influencing Factors of Professional Pressure Faced by Preschool Teachers in Rural China: An Empirical Study Based on Multiple Counties in Hubei Province
Authors: Gong Xin , Niu Caixing , Wang Jing
Published: September 2020

The professional pressure of preschool teachers in rural China is closely related to the stability of the teaching staff and the development of children. A study of 734 teachers in 155 rural preschools from three national-level poverty-stricken counties and one non-poverty county in Hubei Province showed that current rural preschool teachers are facing greater professional pressure. Approximately 44.47% thought that the pressure is high, but has not yet reached the level of high burnout; non-poverty county preschool teachers have relatively high pressure. According to the Demand-Control-Support (DCS) model, the main pressure stems from the work requirements of children and parents, especially parents’ excessive emphasis on children’s safety, knowledge, and skills. The results of the Ordered Probit Model showed that the influencing factors of preschool teachers’ professional pressure in rural preschools in China include work factors such as workload and the number of children in difficulty; control factors like perseverance and professional identity; support factors such as staffing status, salary satisfaction, family support, and work support; as well as demographic variables such as age and household registration type (Hukou); and certain inter-county differences exist. Therefore, we recommend that the government, society, and preschools establish effective incentive and restraint mechanisms to reduce the professional pressure of preschool teachers in terms of salary, social status, parental guidance, workload, and stress training, and improve their ability to cope with pressure. Meanwhile, more focus need to be given on teachers who are for the first year preschool, older in age, lacking staffing status, no non-agricultural household registration, and overloading working.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS PUISI DENGAN TEKNIK AKROSTIK
Authors: Triswanto Dwi , Mujiyanto Gigit , Ivana Laili
Published: September 2020

Abstract: This classroom action research aims to describe the results and learning process of writing poetry by looking at the building elements using an acrostic technique. This research consists of two cycles. The technique used to analyze data is quantitative and qualitative descriptive. The subject of this research is Class X Students of SMA Negeri 7 Malang. The results of the study found that (1) learning completeness showed an increase of 12.75% and (2) the results of students' writing learning showed an increase from the average value of 67,7% in the first cycle to 80.05 in the second cycle. Based on these results the use of the acrostic technique is recommended for learning to write poetry in high school.Abstrak: Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil dan proses pembelajaran menulis puisi dengan memerhatikan unsur pembangunya menggunakan teknik akrostik. Penelitia ini terdiri dari dua siklus. Teknik yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini ialah Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 7 Malang. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa (1) ketuntasan pembelajaran menunjukkan peningkatan sebesar 12,75% dan (2) hasil pembelajaran menulis siswa menunjukkan peningkatans dari nilai rata-rata 67,7% pada siklus pertama meningkat menjadi 80,05 pada siklus kedua. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut penggunaan teknik akrostik direkomendasikan untuk pembelajaran menulis puisi di SMA.
CERITA RAKYAT SUNAN MURIA: PENDEKATAN STRUKTURAL DAN NILAI KARAKTER
Authors: Amaruddin Hidar , Isnaeni Yanuar Bayu , Waluyo Herman J. , Widodo Sahid Teguh
Published: September 2020

Abstract: This article aims to describe the structure contained in Sunan Muria Folk Literature and describe the character values in Sunan Muria Folk Literature. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The type of plot used in Sunan Muria Folk Literature in Kudus Regency is a straight or advanced plot. The dominant figure in the Sunan Muria Folk Literature in Kudus Regency is a good human character. More background is used in this folk literature. Sunan Muria Folk Literature in Kudus Regency contains varied suggestions. The character values in this folk literature include religious values, honesty, tolerance, discipline, hard work, independence, democratization, friendship/ communicative, peace, social life, and the value of responsibility. Abstrak: Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan struktur yang terkandung dalam Sastra Rakyat Sunan Muria dan menguraikan nilai-nilai karakter dalam Sastra Rakyat Sunan Muria. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Jenis plot yang digunakan dalam Sastra Rakyat Sunan Muria di Kabupaten Kudus adalah plot lurus atau maju. Tokoh dominan dalam Sastra Rakyat Sunan Muria di Kabupaten Kudus adalah karakter manusia yang baik. Latar belakang tempat lebih banyak digunakan dalam literatur rakyat ini. Sastra Rakyat Sunan Muria di Kabupaten Kudus berisi saran variatif. Nilai-nilai karakter yang dalam literatur rakyat ini antara lain nilai religi, kejujuran, toleransi, disiplin, kerja keras, kemandirian, demokratisasi, persahabatan/komunikatif, damai, kehidupan sosial, dan nilai tanggung jawab.
Classification of Tuberculosis and Pneumonia in Human Lung Based on Chest X-Ray Image using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Liebenlito Muhaza , Irene Yanne , Hamid Abdul
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we use chest x-ray images of Tuberculosis and Pneumonia to diagnose the patient using a convolutional neural network model. We use 4273 images of pneumonia, 1989 images of normal, and 394 images of tuberculosis. The data are divided into 80% as the training set and 20% as the testing set. We do the preprocessing steps to all of our images data, such as resize, converting RGB to grayscale, and Gaussian normalization. On the training dataset, the sampling technique used is undersampling and oversampling to balance each class. The best model was chosen based on the Area under Curve value i.e. the area under the curve of Receiver Operating Characteristics. This method shows that the best model obtains when trains the training dataset using oversampling. The Area under Curve value is 0.99 for tuberculosis and 0.98 for pneumonia. Therefore, this best model succeeds to identify 86% true for tuberculosis and 96% true for pneumonia.Keywords: chest X-ray images; tuberculosis; pneumonia; convolutional neural network.                                                                AbstrakPada penelitian ini memanfaatkan data citra chest x-ray penderita penyakit tuberculosis dan pneumonia. Model convolutional neural network digunakan untuk membantu mendiagnosis kedua penyakit ini. Data yang digunakan masing-masing sudah dilabeli sebanyak 4273 citra pneumonia, 1989 citra normal dan 394 citra tuberculosis. Data tersebut dibagi menjadi 80% himpunan data latih dan 20% data uji. Himpunan data tersebut telah melalui 3 tahap prepocessing yaitu resize citra, merubah citra RGB menjadi grayscale dan standarisasi gausian pada citra. Pada data latih dilakukan teknik sampling berupa undersampling dan oversampling data untuk menyeimbangkan data latih antar kelas. Model terbaik dipilih berdasarkan nilai Area under Curve yaitu luas daerah di bawah kurva Receiver Operating Chracteristics. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa model terbaik dihasilkan ketika dilatih menggunakan data latih hasil oversampling dengan nilai Area under Curve kelas tuberculosis sebesar 0,99 dan nilai Area under Curve kelas pneumonia sebesar 0,98. Oleh karena itu, model terbaik ini mampu mengindentifikasi sebanyak 86% penyakit tuberculosis dan 96% penyakit pneumonia.Kata Kunci: citra chest X-ray; penyakit infeksi paru; pengolahan citra digital Convolutional Neural Network.
Application of Mathematical Models Two Predators and Infected Prey by Pesticide Control in Nilaparvata Lugens Spreading in Bantul Regency
Authors: Taufiq Irham , Agustito Denik
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a mathematical model to analyze interactions between planthopper pests as prey and menochilus sexmaculatus and mirid ladybug as two predators where prey is controlled by pesticides. The interaction between predator and prey is modeled using the Holling type II response function. The predator and prey growth are modeled using a logistic function. From this model, we obtain eight equilibrium points. The three of these equilibrium points are analyzed using linearization and locally asymptotically stable. We simulate this model using data to predict the dynamics of planthopper population and its predators. Simulation result shows that all of these populations will survive because they are influenced by pesticide control and predation rates.Keywords: control of pest; predator-prey model; the Holling type II; the logistic function.                                                                                     AbstrakPada penelitian ini, kami membangun model matematika untuk menganalisis interaksi antara hama wereng sebagai mangsa (prey) dan menochilus sexmaculatus dan mirid ladybug sebagai dua pemangsa (predator) dimana mangsa dikontrol oleh pestisida. Interaksi antara predator dan prey dimodelkan menggunakan fungsi respon Holling tipe II sedangkan pertumbuhan predator dan prey dimodelkan menggunakan fungsi logistik. Dari model tersebut diperoleh delapan titik ekuilibrium. Tiga titik ekuilibrium dari titik-titik equilibrium tersebut dianalisis menggunakan metode linierisasi dan bersifat stabil asimtotik lokal. Kemudian model ini diaplikasikan pada data.  Untuk memudahkan interpretasi antara mangsa dan dua pemangsa dilakukan simulasi numerik untuk memprediksikan dinamika populasi wereng dan predatornya. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa semua populasi tersebut akan bertahan hidup karena dipengaruhi oleh kontrol pestisida dan tingkat pemangsaan.Kata Kunci: kontrol pestisida; model predator-prey; Holling tipe II; fungsi logistik.