bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actinomycosis of the cheek
Authors: Vidakovic Bruno , Macan Darko , Peric Berislav , Manojlovic Spomenka
Published: September 2014

Introduction. Actinomycosis is an uncommon chronic granulomatous infection
first described by Bollinger in 1877. The infection is caused by actinomyces
species and it is characterized by slow contiguous spread and suppurative
inflammation, formation of multiple abscesses and sinus tracts with possible
drainage of ?sulfur granules?. Case Outline. We report an unusual case of
actinomycosis of the cheek that occurred 6 years after buccal odontogenic
abscess. A 56-year-old male was referred to the Department of Oral Surgery
because of a painless swelling of the left cheek, which initiated three weeks
prior to the referral. The diagnosis of actinomycosis was confirmed by
histopathologic examination. In accordance with the diagnosis oral penicillin
was prescribed for four months with complete resolution. Conclusion. This
case of actinomycosis is presented as a rarity. For proper diagnosis, careful
examination and a high degree of clinical suspicion are necessary.
Secondary abdominal appendicular pregnancy: Case report
Authors: Rosso Mico , Sijanovic Sinisa , Topolovec Zlatko , Vidosavljevic Domagoj , Selthofer Robert , Blazicevic Valerija
Published: September 2014

Introduction. The case report describes a 29-year-old nulliparous woman that
was admitted at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Clinical
Hospital Osijek complaining of mild abdominal pain without vaginal discharge.
Case Outline. The patient?s menstrual cycle was irregular, from 30-45 days.
An ultrasound examination showed suspicion of an ectopic pregnancy with a
?HCG level of 1358 IU/L. Due to the presence of liquid in the pouch of
Douglas the patient underwent emergency laparoscopy, which showed the
presence of tumor mass between the right Fallopian tube and the appendix.
These two structures associated with adhesions corresponded to secondary
implantation after spontaneous tubal abortion which was confirmed by
histopathologic analysis. Conclusion. Laparoscopy has emerged as the ?gold
standard? in the diagnosis and treatment of ectopic pregnancy, in this case
the secondary abdominal pregnancy. From the diagnostic point of view, all
women of reproductive age should be considered pregnant until proven
otherwise, also keeping in mind that ectopic pregnancies can have different
locations and many clinical features.
Intravesical instillation of amikacin for treatment of a lower urinary tract infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a dog
Authors: Torres Ahmira R. , Cooke Kirsten
Published: September 2014

Case Description—A 9-year-old neutered male Golden Retriever was evaluated because of recurrent lower urinary tract infection subsequent to placement of a permanent cystostomy tube.

Clinical Findings—The dog was clinically normal except for the presence of malodorous urine. Bacteriologic culture of a urine sample obtained by cystocentesis yielded growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which was susceptible to amikacin, gentamicin, imipenemcilastatin, and ticarcillin–clavulanic acid.

Treatment and Outcome—The dog was administered amikacin sulfate (15 mg/kg [6.8 mg/lb], SC, q 24 h) for 14 days before treatment was discontinued because of the presence of casts in the urine. The cystostomy tube was replaced, and intravesical instillation of amikacin (15 mg/kg diluted in 30 mL of saline [0.9% NaCl] solution, q 12 h) was initiated. On day 25 of instillation treatment, bacterial culture of a urine sample yielded no growth, urinalysis revealed no casts, and SUN and creatinine concentrations were within reference intervals. On day 27 of instillation treatment, gross hematuria was observed, which resolved following discontinuation of amikacin instillation.

Clinical Relevance—In this dog, treatment of a lower urinary tract infection caused by a multidrug-resistant strain of P aeruginosa was successfully achieved with intravesical instillation of amikacin. Results of serial serum biochemical analyses remained within reference limits, and urine casts were not identified on urinalyses during the treatment period, which suggested that systemic absorption of amikacin was minimal. Intravesical instillation of antimicrobials may be a viable treatment option for dogs with lower urinary tract infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in captive Geoffroy's tamarins (Saguinus geoffroyi)
Authors: Kottwitz Jack J. , Perry Kaylee K. , Rose Heidi H. , Hendrix Charles M.
Published: September 2014

Case Description—3 Geoffroy's tamarins (Saguinus geoffroyi) in a zoo in east central Alabama developed neurologic signs shortly after a tamarin kept in the same enclosure was found dead.

Clinical Findings—Neurologic abnormalities varied among animals and were progressive. One female tamarin with a head tilt, nystagmus, mild ataxia, and paresis of a thoracic limb had gram-positive cocci present in an ear canal with otitis media and interna suspected. Another female with mild ataxia attributed to previous tail amputation developed seizures, and a male tamarin with tail tip trauma also developed ataxia.

Treatment and Outcome—The tamarin with suspected otitis received cephalexin and prednisolone, but neurologic signs worsened, and the patient died. Preliminary examination of necropsy samples revealed severe meningoencephalitis in both deceased tamarins. Prednisolone and phenobarbital treatment was initiated for the tamarin with seizures, but rapid neurologic deterioration led to euthanasia. Further histologic examination of the 3 deceased tamarins revealed meningitis and acute perivascular hemorrhage in the meninges. Parasites morphologically consistent with Angiostrongylus (Parastrongylus) cantonensis were present in the lungs of 1 animal and in the meninges of 2. The surviving tamarin received cephalexin for tail tip trauma and prednisolone and albendazole for presumed meningoencephalitis and parasitic infection but had permanent neurologic deficits.

Clinical Relevance—To our knowledge, these represent the first cases of A cantonensis infection in Geoffroy's tamarins and the first report of its presence in the United States not associated with a major shipping port. The presence of a mature worm in the lungs of 1 tamarin suggested completion of the parasite life cycle, previously reported only in rats.
Evaluation of the learning curve for a board-certified veterinary surgeon performing laparoendoscopic single-site ovariectomy in dogs
Authors: Runge Jeffrey J. , Boston Raymond C. , Ross Sharona B. , Brown Dorothy C.
Published: September 2014

Objective—To define the learning curve and evaluate the outcome for a board-certified veterinary surgeon performing laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) ovariectomy in dogs.

Design—Retrospective case review and learning curve evaluation with a skill acquisition model.

Animals—27 client-owned dogs.

Procedures—Between April 2011 and December 2012, 27 dogs underwent elective LESS ovariectomy performed by a single experienced board-certified laparoscopic surgeon by means of the same technique. Medical records for these patients were reviewed to determine whether a learning curve could be detected. A commercially available multitrocar port was inserted through a 15- to 20-mm incision at the umbilicus, and LESS ovariectomy was performed with articulating graspers, a bipolar vessel-sealing device, and a 30° telescope. Surgical performance of the surgeon was quantified with an exponential skill acquisition model, and how skill was gained with repetition of the same novel surgical procedure was examined.

Results—Median patient body weight was 20 kg (44 lb; range, 3.5 to 41 kg [7.7 to 90.2 lb]). Median surgical time was 35 minutes (range, 20 to 80 minutes). Median patient age was 314 days (range, 176 to 2,913 days). The skill acquisition model revealed that a comparable surgeon could reach 90% of optimal surgery performance after approximately 8 procedures (8.6, 95% confidence interval, 0.5 to 16.6 procedures). According to the model, with each surgery, surgical time would be expected to decrease by 27% (95% confidence interval, 2% to 52%). Complications were limited to minor hemorrhage due to a splenic laceration and a postoperative incisional infection. Follow-up information was available for all 27 cases. All owners were satisfied and indicated that they would pursue LESS ovariectomy again.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The learning curve for LESS ovariectomy was short and definable. Short-term outcome was excellent. Results of this study suggested that an experienced laparoscopic surgeon may anticipate achieving proficiency with this technique after performing approximately 8 procedures.
Measurement Uncertainty Analysis of the Strain Gauge Based Stabilographic Platform
Authors: Walendziuk Wojciech
Published: September 2014

The present article describes constructing a stabilographic platform which records a standing patient’s deflection from their point of balance. The constructed device is composed of a toughen glass slab propped with 4 force sensors. Power transducers are connected to the measurement system based on a 24-bit ADC transducer which acquires slight body movements of a patient. The data is then transferred to the computer in real time and data analysis is conducted. The article explains the principle of operation as well as the algorithm of measurement uncertainty for the COP (Centre of Pressure) surface (x, y).
The Influence of Changes in the Geometry of the Tooth Surface of the Pinion Bevel Gear on the Kinematic Accuracy of Pair Mesh
Authors: Płocica Mieczysław , Pisula Jadwiga
Published: September 2014

The paper describes the possibilities of bevel gears kinematics design on the basis of the motion graph and improving modifications to cut the pinion teeth flanks. The result is the ability to increase the accuracy of the kinematic transmission. The issue of changing the geometry of the pinion gear is considered in respect of a gear intended for the use in aviation, which requires the cooperation of high quality meshing. The basic geometric features that have been modified include the profile angle, the angle of tooth line, crowning trans-verse and longitudinal and lateral surface twist angle of the tooth. The modification of each of the selected geometrical parameters has had a different effect on the chart of transmission. It has been shown that the effect of the intended changes in the geometry of the pinion may reduce the deviation of motion delays gear and an improve the gear transmission chart.
Some Differential Equations of Elasticity and their Lie Point Symmetry Generators
Authors: Bocko Jozef , Glodová Iveta , Lengvarský Pavol
Published: September 2014

The formal models of physical systems are typically written in terms of differential equations. A transformation of the variables in a differential equation forms a symmetry group if it leaves the differential equation invariant. Symmetries of differential equations are very important for understanding of their properties. It can be said that the theory of Lie group symmetries of differential equations is general systematic method for finding solutions of differential equations. Despite of this fact, the Lie group theory is relatively unknown in engineering community. The paper is devoted to some important questions concerning this theory and for several equations resulting from the theory of elasticity their Lie group infinitesimal generators are given.
The reduction rate of invasive Ascaris suum eggs number in slurry and humus layers of selected soil types
Authors: Olszewska H. , Skowron K. , Skowron K. , Kaczmarek A.
Published: September 2014

The aim of this study was to determine under laboratory conditions the percentage and rate of reduction in invasive Ascaris suum eggs, as well as the maximal time of invasiveness retaining by them in swine slurry and 3 soil types. A. suum eggs were introduced into perforated perlon bags which then were placed in samples of slurry and in humus layers of the soils: podsolic soil, black earth and browned black earth. The experiment was carried out for 44 weeks at 4 and 20 °C. Finally, at 4 °C a reduction in the number of invasive eggs from 41 % (the humus layer of podsolic soil) to 65 % (the humus layer of black earth) was observed. At 20 °C the fluctuations were smaller and the percentage of elimination ranged from 89 % (slurry) to 96 % (the humus layer of browned black earth).
Effectiveness of coproscopic concentration techniques
Authors: Taglioretti V. , Sardella N. , Fugassa M.
Published: September 2014

The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of the concentration techniques of flotation-centrifugation with zinc chloride (FZn) (δ = 1.45) with the spontaneous sedimentation (SSed) and the sucrose flotation-centrifugation (FSuc) (δ = 1.2) to recuperate gastrointestinal parasites from camelid fecal samples. The technique with more positive results for the detection of Nematodirus sp., Trichuris sp., strongyle-type eggs and Eimeria macusaniensis oocysts was the FZn. For Trichuris sp. and Eimeria macusaniensis, the higher coverglass counts were detected by FZn procedure. No significant differences were registered among centrifugation flotation techniques for Nematodirus spp. Coverglass count for strongyle-type eggs was significantly higher for FSuc than FZn (p = 0.0005) or SSed (p = 0.0005), being also significantly higher for FZn than for SSed (p = 0.008). FZn is a sensitive technique that allows the recovery of parasite elements with high density and it exerts low osmotic pressure avoiding parasite deformation.
Diplostomum and Ornithodiplostomum scardinii (Diplostomidae, Digenea) species from naturally infected birds (Anatinae) in the Czech Republic and in Poland: morphological, morphometric and ecological features
Authors: Sitko J. , Rząd I.
Published: September 2014

The study aimed to describe morphological and morphometric characteristics of species representing the genera Diplostomum Nordmann, 1832 and Ornithodiplostomum Dubois, 1936, originating from naturally infected birds in the Czech Republic and in Poland, and to compare their species richness and the intensity of infection in their avian hosts. Diplostomum mergi Dubois, 1932, D. parviventosum Dubois, 1932, D. phoxini (Faust, 1918), D. pusillum (Dubois, 1928), and Ornithodiplostomum scardinii (Schulman, 1952) were found in the gossander (Mergus merganser). D. parviventosum was found in the velvet scoter (Melanitta fusca). D. pungitii Shigin, 1965 was found in the tufted duck (Aythya fuligula), common eider (Somateria mollissima), common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula), and in the long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis). D. spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819) was found in the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Morphology and morphometry of those Diplostomum species from the Czech Republic and from Poland were not analyzed before. The morphological and morphometric description of the adult form of O. scardinii presented in this study has been the first such description of a specimen obtained from a naturally infected bird. The highest intensity of infection was observed in the gossander (D. pusillum and D. mergi). Study results provided new data on the occurrence of the Diplostomum and O. scardinii trematodes in the Czech Republic and in Poland.
First description of male Philometra thaiensis Moravec, Fiala et Dyková, 2004 (Nematoda: Philometridae) from the body cavity of the eyespot pufferfish Tetraodon biocellatus Tirant, and evolutionary relationships of this species with other dracunculoids as inferred from SSU rRNA gene sequences
Authors: Quiazon K. , Yoshinaga T. , Doi H. , Araki J. , Ogawa K.
Published: September 2014

Finding male philometrid nematodes is essential for taxonomic identification among congeneric species. In this study, male Philometra thaiensis Moravec, Fiala et Dyková, 2004 were collected and described for the first time, from the body cavity of the freshwater fish (eyespot pufferfish) Tetraodon biocellatus Tirant (Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontidae), and conspecific females were redescribed based on the additional morphological biometrics examined. Molecular examination was carried out on the small subunit 18S rRNA, revealing the evolutionary relationships of P. thaiensis and reported philometrid species (Philometra and Philometroides) from Japan with other dracunculoids deposited in the GenBank. Based on the molecular data, there are some genera (Philometra, Philometroides, Clavinema, and Margolisianum [genus inquirendum]) requiring further morphological re-evaluation that should be supported with molecular data.
Influence of composition of the near-surface graded-gap layer on the admittance of metal-insulator-semiconductor structures based on graded-gap MBE n-Hg1−xCdxTe in wide temperature range
Authors: Voitsekhovskii A. , Nesmelov S. , Dzyadukh S.
Published: September 2014

Influence of the CdTe content in a near-surface graded-gap layer on the admittance of MIS-structures fabricated on the basis of heteroepitaxial Hg1−xCdxTe (x = 0.22–0.23 and 0.31–0.32) films grown by molecular beam epitaxy was investigated in a wide temperature range. It is shown that a temperature drop from 77 K to 8 K results in a decrease of hysteresis of the capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics and a decrease of frequencies which corresponds to a high-frequency behaviour of C-V characteristics of MIS-structures based on n-HgCdTe (x = 0.22–0.23) with and without graded-gap layersand also for MIS-structures based on n-HgCdTe (x = 0.31–0.32). Temperature dependences of the resistance of the epitaxial film bulk and differential resistance of the space-charge region (SCR) in strong inversion mode were studied. The experimental results can be explained by the fact that for MIS-structures based on n-HgCdTe (x = 0.22–0.23) with the graded-gap layers and for MIS-structures based on n-HgCdTe (x = 0.31–0.32), the differential resistance of SCR is limited by Shockley-Read generation at 25–77 K. Differential resistance of SCR for MIS-structures based on n-HgCdTe (x = 0.22–0.23) without the graded-gap layers is limited by tunnelling through deep levels at 8–77 K.
Wannier-Stark effect and electron-phonon interaction in macroporous silicon structures with SiO2 nanocoatings
Authors: Karachevtseva L. , Goltviansky Yu. , Kolesnyk O. , Lytvynenko O. , Stronska O.
Published: September 2014

We investigated the contribution of electron-phonon interaction to the broadening parameter Γ of the Wannier-Stark ladder levels in oxidized macroporous silicon structures with different concentration of Si-O-Si states (TO and LO phonons). The obtained value of the Wannier-Stark ladder parameter Γ is much less than the djacent level energy evaluated from giant oscillations of resonance electron scattering on the surface states. We determined the influence of broadening on the oscillation amplitude in IR absorption spectra as interaction of the surface multi-phonon polaritons with scattered electrons. This interaction transforms the resonance electron scattering in samples with low concentration of Si-O-Si states into ordinary scattering on ionized impurities for samples with high concentration of Si-O-Si states. The transformation takes place at the scattering lifetime coinciding with the period of electron oscillations in the surface electric field.
Optimisation of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Conditions for Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity from Euphorbia tirucalli Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Vuong Quan , Goldsmith Chloe , Dang Trung , Nguyen Van , Bhuyan Deep , Sadeqzadeh Elham , Scarlett Christopher , Bowyer Michael
Published: September 2014

Euphorbia tirucalli (E. tirucalli) is now widely distributed around the world and is well known as a source of traditional medicine in many countries. This study aimed to utilise response surface methodology (RSM) to optimise ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions for total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant capacity from E. tirucalli leaf. The results showed that ultrasonic temperature, time and power effected TPC and antioxidant capacity; however, the effects varied. Ultrasonic power had the strongest influence on TPC; whereas ultrasonic temperature had the greatest impact on antioxidant capacity. Ultrasonic time had the least impact on both TPC and antioxidant capacity. The optimum UAE conditions were determined to be 50 °C, 90 min. and 200 W. Under these conditions, the E. tirucalli leaf extract yielded 2.93 mg GAE/g FW of TPC and exhibited potent antioxidant capacity. These conditions can be utilised for further isolation and purification of phenolic compounds from E. tirucalli leaf.
Benefit and Adherence of the Disease Management Program “Diabetes 2”: A Comparison of Turkish Immigrants and German Natives with Diabetes
Authors: Makowski Anna , Kofahl Christopher
Published: September 2014

There is an ongoing debate about equity and equality in health care, and whether immigrants benefit equally from services as the non-immigrant population. The study focuses on benefits from and adherence to the diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM 2) disease management program (DMP) among Turkish immigrants in Germany. So far, it has not been researched whether this group benefits from enrollment in the DMP as well as diabetics from the non-immigrant population. Data on the non-immigrant sample (N = 702) stem from a survey among members of a German health insurance, the Turkish immigrant sample (N = 102) was recruited in the area of Hamburg. Identical questions in both surveys enable comparing major components. Regarding process quality, Turkish diabetics do not differ from the non-immigrant sample; moreover, they have significantly more often received documentation and diabetes training. In terms of outcome quality however, results display a greater benefit on behalf of the non-immigrant sample (e.g., blood parameters and body mass index), and they also met more of the DMP criteria. This underlines the need of diabetics with Turkish background for further education and information in order to become the empowered patient as is intended by the DMP as well as to prevent comorbidities.
Challenges and Opportunities of MicroRNAs in Lymphomas
Authors: De Tullio Giacoma , De Fazio Vincenza , Sgherza Nicola , Minoia Carla , Serratì Simona , Merchionne Francesca , Loseto Giacomo , Iacobazzi Angela , Rana Antonello , Petrillo Patrizia , Silvestris Nicola , Iacopino Pasquale , Guarini Attilio
Published: September 2014

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that control the expression of many target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) involved in normal cell functions (differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis). Consequently their aberrant expression and/or functions are related to pathogenesis of many human diseases including cancers. Haematopoiesis is a highly regulated process controlled by a complex network of molecular mechanisms that simultaneously regulate commitment, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Alterations on this network could affect the normal haematopoiesis, leading to the development of haematological malignancies such as lymphomas. The incidence of lymphomas is rising and a significant proportion of patients are refractory to standard therapies. Accurate diagnosis, prognosis and therapy still require additional markers to be used for diagnostic and prognostic purpose and evaluation of clinical outcome. The dysregulated expression or function of miRNAs in various types of lymphomas has been associated with lymphoma pathogenesis. Indeed, many recent findings suggest that almost all lymphomas seem to have a distinct and specific miRNA profile and some miRNAs are related to therapy resistance or have a distinct kinetics during therapy. MiRNAs are easily detectable in fresh or paraffin-embedded diagnostic tissue and serum where they are highly stable and quantifiable within the diagnostic laboratory at each consultation. Accordingly they could be specific biomarkers for lymphoma diagnosis, as well as useful for evaluating prognosis or disease response to the therapy, especially for evaluation of early relapse detection and for greatly assisting clinical decisions making. Here we summarize the current knowledge on the role of miRNAs in normal and aberrant lymphopoiesis in order to highlight their clinical value as specific diagnosis and prognosis markers of lymphoid malignancies or for prediction of therapy response. Finally, we discuss their controversial therapeutic role and future applications in therapy by modulating miRNA.
Synthesis and in Vitro Evaluation of New Nitro-Substituted Thiazolyl Hydrazone Derivatives as Anticandidal and Anticancer Agents
Authors: Altıntop Mehlika , Özdemir Ahmet , Turan-Zitouni Gülhan , Ilgın Sinem , Atlı Özlem , Demirci Fatih , Kaplancıklı Zafer
Published: September 2014

Fourteen new thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anticandidal activity using a broth microdilution assay. Among the synthesized compounds, 2-[2-((5-(4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl)methylene)hydrazinyl]-4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazole and 2-[2-((5-(4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl)methylene) hydrazinyl]-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiazole were found to be the most effective antifungal compounds against Candida utilis, with a MIC value of 250 µg/mL, when compared with fluconazole (MIC = 2 µg/mL). Additionally, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic effects on the MCF-7 and NIH/3T3 cell lines. As a result, 2-[2-((5-(4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl)methylene)hydrazinyl]-4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole was identified as the most promising anticancer compound against MCF-7 cancer cells due to its inhibitory effects (IC50 = 125 µg/mL) and relatively low toxicity towards the NIH/3T3 cell line (IC50 > 500 µg/mL).
Growth and structural discrimination of cortical neurons on randomly oriented and vertically aligned dense carbon nanotube networks
Authors: Nick Christoph , Yadav Sandeep , Joshi Ravi , Thielemann Christiane , Schneider Jörg J
Published: September 2014

The growth of cortical neurons on three dimensional structures of spatially defined (structured) randomly oriented, as well as on vertically aligned, carbon nanotubes (CNT) is studied. Cortical neurons are attracted towards both types of CNT nano-architectures. For both, neurons form clusters in close vicinity to the CNT structures whereupon the randomly oriented CNTs are more closely colonised than the CNT pillars. Neurons develop communication paths via neurites on both nanoarchitectures. These neuron cells attach preferentially on the CNT sidewalls of the vertically aligned CNT architecture instead than onto the tips of the individual CNT pillars.
Les transferts de fonds vus par les organisations internationales : construction d'un enjeu et élaboration d'un agenda politique international
Authors: Pécoud Antoine
Published: September 2014

L’intérêt des organisations internationales pour les rapports entre migrations et développement s’est accru substantiellement depuis une quinzaine d’années. De par leur volume et leurs effets dans les régions d’origine des migrants, les transferts de fonds sont une illustration particulièrement claire de la manière dont les migrants peuvent contribuer au développement. Ces transferts constituent donc un élément fondamental dans la manière dont certains acteurs internationaux construisent les réalités migratoires et élaborent leurs recommandations aux États. La Banque mondiale, notamment, a joué un rôle important dans la valorisation de ces transferts et dans l’accumulation de données empiriques à leur sujet. Cet article analyse les discours produits par les organisations internationales sur les transferts de fonds et montre que, malgré leur ton technocratique et apolitique, ces dernières développent une vision du monde qui s’inscrit dans un contexte politique et idéologique, et qui implique un ensemble de prescriptions normatives quant à la manière dont les États, le secteur privé et les migrants eux-mêmes doivent se comporter.
Migrations et flux monétaires : quand ceux qui restent financent celui qui part
Authors: Bréant Hugo
Published: September 2014

La circulation de l’argent dans les migrations internationales est devenue un sujet central, saisi à la fois par les organisations internationales, les acteurs associatifs et politiques nationaux des pays d’origine et d’accueil des migrants, les chercheurs en sciences sociales et les médias. Cet article cherche à montrer dans un premier temps comment la figure de l’immigré envoyant de l’argent à sa famille s’est progressivement imposée. Ce processus a abouti à l’omniprésence des flux monétaires partant de l’émigré au Nord jusqu’à sa famille au Sud et a rendu invisibles d’autres flux allant bien souvent à contre-courant. Dans un second temps, à partir d’une enquête de terrain comparative menée au Togo et aux Comores, l’article tente de démontrer que s’intéresser à l’argent reçu par les migrants depuis les pays du Sud peut permettre de percevoir l’hétérogénéité des pratiques et surtout des trajectoires migratoires. Le sens de circulation de l’argent peut être un révélateur des profils sociologiques des émigrés et de leurs familles.
Les liens des migrants internes et internationaux à leur ménage d'origine : portraits croisés de familles étendues sénégalaises
Authors: Boltz-Laemmel Marie , Villar Paola
Published: September 2014

Souvent étudiés sous l’angle des remises issues de la migration internationale, les transferts intrafamiliaux au Sénégal sont aussi à l’œuvre dans les mobilités internes. Une analyse fine de la relation entre les migrants, principaux contributeurs aux dépenses du ménage d’origine, et les destinataires de leurs transferts est cruciale pour comprendre la dynamique du partage de ressources et les normes sociales qui y sont jointes. À l’aide d’une enquête qualitative réalisée au Sénégal en décembre 2012, nous avons pu croiser les témoignages à la fois de migrants (internes ou internationaux) et de membres restés dans le ménage d’origine. Ceci nous permet de comparer les différentes trajectoires migratoires et socio-économiques d’individus ayant des conditions familiales initiales comparables ainsi que les différentes attitudes face aux normes de redistribution selon la structure du réseau de transferts et la position dans ce réseau.
Argent russe, cérémonies tadjikes : faire et défaire les liens
Authors: Cleuziou Juliette
Published: September 2014

Depuis la fin de la guerre civile au Tadjikistan (1992-1997), on observe une augmentation concomitante des flux migratoires des hommes vers la Russie et des dépenses pour les mariages. Cet article s’interroge sur le rôle des remises de fonds dans la négociation (maintien, rupture) des liens de parenté et des logiques de distribution et de circulation de biens à l’occasion des rituels des cycles de vie (mariages notamment), qui permettent à « ceux qui restent » de s’inscrire dans des réseaux de solidarité et d’entraide.
Poules aux œufs d'or, petits patrons ou pigeons ? Usages et mésusages de l'argent des émigrés de retour du Golfe au Caire
Authors: Gruntz Lucile
Published: September 2014

L’émigration de retour des monarchies du Conseil de coopération du Golfe et l’argent envoyé au pays par les émigrés suscitent des attentes contradictoires au Caire. Pour leurs défenseurs, les émigrés et leurs économies doivent permettre d’amoindrir les coûts sociaux liés aux politiques libérales mises en œuvre depuis les années 1970 ; pour leurs pourfendeurs, ils sont des vecteurs de déréliction morale et politique. Afin de se distancier des discours politiquement situés sur les usages des économies des émigrés, l’article analyse comment les trajectoires individuelles s’articulent aux configurations de pouvoir entre le Golfe et Le Caire. À travers les investissements urbains et les styles de vie de 45 ménages d’émigrés de retour rencontrés au Caire entre 2006 et 2011, j’analyse comment l’argent des émigrés participe à la production de la ville et à la réinvention des conflictualités sociales en son sein.
Quand l'argent de la migration change la donne : développement agricole et dynamique foncière dans une localité de la province andine de l'Azuay (Équateur)
Authors: Rebaï Nasser
Published: September 2014

Dans la paroisse Octavio Cordero Palacios, située dans la province andine de l’Azuay en Équateur, l’argent de la migration a entraîné de profonds changements ces dernières années, comme en témoignent les investissements agricoles réalisés par plusieurs anciens migrants après leur retour dans la localité. Si ce phénomène a déjà été observé dans d’autres régions des Suds, l’expérience équatorienne se distingue toutefois par le fait que ces anciens migrants se présentent dorénavant comme les acteurs centraux des recompositions foncières locales, allant jusqu’à provoquer d’importants conflits. Au-delà de la seule dimension économique, l’argent de la migration n’engendrerait-il pas une nouvelle forme de pouvoir ?
La microassurance des familles transnationales : une fausse bonne idée
Authors: Sulmont Annabelle
Published: September 2014

Au Mexique et en Amérique Latine, les migrants et leurs familles constituent depuis quelques années une niche de marché attractive pour les institutions microfinancières qui n’arrivent toutefois pas à associer remises et microcrédits productifs. L’introduction récente d’une micro-assurance leur étant spécifiquement destinée marque une nouvelle tentative qui, bien qu’accompagnée d’un changement de paradigme substituant le mot vulnérabilité à l’expression « migration et développement », semble aussi infructueuse que les précédentes. Cette microassurance qui prévoit le rapatriement du corps du migrant décédé ainsi qu’une indemnisation apparentée à une remise mensuelle, pourtant sophistiquée et peu coûteuse, ne se vend pas. Il apparaît qu’elle ne parvient pas à répondre aux nécessités financières de ce public multisitué et aux ressources limitées. Pour lui, les remises, loin de constituer ce revenu supplémentaire fantasmé, s’intègrent à une gestion sophistiquée des risques.
L'émergence d'un réseau commercial religieux transnational : la dévotion catholique au prisme de la migration bolivienne
Authors: Maenhout Kévin
Published: September 2014

Si les implications financières des migrations boliviennes intéressent depuis peu les chercheurs en sciences sociales, leurs travaux n’ont que très rarement porté sur celles que suscitent les réseaux religieux transnationaux. Or, certaines fêtes patronales boliviennes pèsent aujourd’hui de façon indéniable dans l’argent des migrations en alimentant une niche commerciale dont tirent profit les artisans et musiciens Boliviens, tout en permettant aux migrants d’étendre leurs pratiques socioculturelles à l’étranger. Loin d’être un investissement isolé de la part d’acteurs individuels, l’argent dépensé dans les pratiques votives est très largement canalisé de façon collective dans des associations appelées fraternidades . En une décennie, leur extension aux pays limitrophes de la Bolivie ainsi qu’aux États-Unis et en Europe a donné lieu à la création par les migrants de filiales . L’article se propose d’évaluer, à partir de données ethnographiques (Argentine, Brésil, Espagne), les revenus qui circulent dans ces réseaux et leur incidence sur le développement économique du pays d’origine ainsi que sur la reconnaissance des migrants par les autorités politiques.
Composition du conseil d'administration et rémunérations incitatives des dirigeants
Authors: Idi Cheffou Abdoulkarim
Published: September 2014

La place des rémunérations incitatives dans l’alignement des intérêts des dirigeants sur ceux des actionnaires a largement été débattue dans la littérature. Le but de cette recherche est d’analyser le lien entre la composition du conseil d’administration des sociétés et les rémunérations incitatives au profit des dirigeants. Sur la base des données sur les rémunérations des dirigeants de 93 entreprises françaises cotées de 20 02 à 2011, les résultats de cette étude montrent un niveau élevé de la proportion des rémunérations incitatives dans la rémunération totale du dirigeant dans trois situations : lorsque la gouvernance de l’entreprise est caractérisée par le cumul du rôle du Directeur Général et celui de la présidence du conseil d’administration, si le conseil d’administration est de taille élevée et quand le pourcentage des administrateurs indépendants qui siègent dans le conseil d’administration est important. Ces résultats pourraient signifier que la présence des administrateurs indépendants au sein des conseils aide les entreprises à choisir un design de la rémunération des dirigeants qui va dans le sens de la réduction des conflits d’agence.
Politique de rémunération incitative du dirigeant et divulgation d'informations RSE
Authors: Dardour Ali , Husser Jocelyn
Published: September 2014

Cette recherche examine l’effet de l’engagement des sociétés cotées dans la divulgation d’informations concernant la responsabilité sociale des entreprises (RSE) sur la rémunération de leurs dirigeants. L’étude empirique menée a porté sur un échantillon composé des sociétés cotées au SBF 120. Elle présente l’originalité d’étudier la rémunération des dirigeants à partir de quatre mesures : le niveau de la rémunération incitative, la part de la rémunération incitative, la part de la rémunération incitative à court terme et la part de la rémunération incitative à long terme. Le niveau de la rémunération incitative du dirigeant est associé positivement aux scores de divulgation RSE, environnemental et de gouvernance. La part de la rémunération incitative des dirigeants, quant à elle, est seulement associée positivement au score de divulgation environnemental. De plus, lorsque la rémunération incitative est décomposée en part à court terme et part à long terme, l’étude montre que seule cette dernière composante est associée positivement au score environnemental. Une explication possible à ces résultats réside dans le fait que le score environnemental lève une asymétrie d’information sur un facteur de risque élevé pour les investisseurs.
Les nouveaux formats alimentaires de proximité : regards croisés des distributeurs et des consommateurs
Authors: Gahinet Marie-Christine
Published: September 2014

Les groupes de distribution alimentaire ont majoritairement développé de nouveaux concepts de proximité au cours de ces dernières années. A quelle dimension de la proximité répondent ces nouveaux concepts ? Quelles sont les véritables attentes des consommateurs qui fréquentent ces formats de magasins ? A travers une approche qualitative basée sur la réalisation de 22 entretiens, à la fois auprès d’experts de la distribution et auprès de consommateurs, il apparaît que la recherche de gain de temps est un élément crucial de la fréquentation de ces magasins. Si les distributeurs ont bien pris en compte certaines attentes notamment en termes de gain de temps de trajet et de visite, ils ont parfois minoré d’autres aspects comme le gain de temps sur la préparation des achats et la notion de plaisir.
Ordre scolaire et ordre économique
Authors: Rozier Sabine
Published: September 2014

Cet article analyse les conditions d’appropriation et d’usage d’une innovation pédagogique (la « mini-entreprise ») ayant vocation à développer les compétences entrepreneuriales des élèves en milieu scolaire. À rebours des analyses d’inspiration foucaldienne, appréhendant ce type de pédagogie comme un instrument de production d’un nouvel éthos ajusté aux exigences d’un monde valorisant la concurrence interindividuelle, l’article montre, en s’appuyant sur une enquête menée dans des établissements scolaires, que ces projets, surtout destinés aux élèves de milieux populaires et de classes moyennes, sont avant tout mobilisés au service des finalités de l’institution scolaire, et tendent moins à acclimater les élèves à des réflexes de pensée et d’action entrepreneuriaux, qu’à les familiariser avec les places que leur assigne le système scolaire et, partant, avec celles que leur réserve le système productif.
Swept-Source OCT Angiography of the Retinal Vasculature Using Intensity Differentiation-based Optical Microangiography Algorithms
Authors: Huang Yanping , Zhang Qinqin , Thorell Mariana R. , An Lin , Durbin Mary K. , Laron Michal , Sharma Utkarsh , Gregori Giovanni , Rosenfeld Philip J. , Wang Ruikang K.
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To demonstrate the feasibility of using a 1,050-nm swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system to achieve noninvasive retinal vasculature imaging in human eyes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Volumetric data sets were acquired using a 1-µm SS-OCT prototype that operated at a 100-kHz A-line rate. A scanning protocol designed to allow for motion contrast processing, referred to as OCT angiography or optical microangiography (OMAG), was used to scan an approximately 3 × 3–mm area in the central macular region of the retina within approximately 4.5 seconds. An intensity differentiation-based OMAG algorithm was used to extract three-dimensional retinal functional microvasculature information.

RESULTS:

Intensity signal differentiation generated capillary-level resolution en face OMAG images of the retina. The parafoveal capillaries were clearly visible, thereby allowing visualization of the foveal avascular zone in healthy subjects.

CONCLUSION:

The capability of OMAG to produce retinal vascular images was demonstrated using the 1-µm SS-OCT prototype. This technique has potential clinical value for studying retinal vasculature abnormalities.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2014;45:382–389.]
Can Near Field Communication Solve the Limitations in Mobile Indoor Navigation?
Authors: Sakpere Wilson E. , Adeyeye Michael O.
Published: September 2014

The navigation ecosystem is rapidly changing. Indoor navigation has attracted attention with the introduction of mobile devices into the market. Although mobile devices are used more often for outdoor navigation, they have opened up opportunities for indoor navigation proponents. Near Field Communication in indoor navigation is still in its exploratory stage. Despite an increase in the variety of indoor navigation research, challenges remain in designing a framework that is neither complex nor expensive. NFC is a novel method of navigating in indoor environments. Providing an overview of its benefits and usefulness compared with existing indoor navigation technologies is the subject of this chapter.
Inventory Management, Shrinkage Concerns, and Related Corrective RFID Strategies
Authors: Smith Alan D.
Published: September 2014

RFID-based solutions are essential inventory management tools, supplying more information than the standard barcode that help eliminate the potential for inventory stock-outs and reducing theft-based inventory shrinkage. A relatively detailed discussion of these techniques is included in this chapter by addressing some of the many concerns of inventory shrinkage. As is evident from the empirical section of this chapter, although RFID may be perceived as a cutting-edge business solution, RFID systems and its implementations still prove to be a difficult process to implement and achieve. Many companies have avoided the idea of introducing RFID systems, possibly due to being overwhelmed with the new technologies. However, its impacts on reducing inventory shrinkage are fairly clear and decisive.
Research on Green Schools and Student Performance
Authors: Earthman Glen I.
Published: September 2014

Research on the possible influence green schools have upon student and teacher health, performance, and attitudes has been a recent endeavor of scholars. This is because green schools are a recent development. Considerable research on the economic and environmental benefits green schools produce has been completed. However, there has been little research conducted using certified green schools because of the paucity of certified green schools. The National Research Council of the National Academies of Science enlisted a group of scholars to investigate the possible relationship between green schools and student achievement. The committee had difficulty finding any research available that addressed the topic. Since the efforts of the committee, more certified green schools were built, and limited research has been conducted. The findings from these research studies have produced mixed results. This chapter deals only with that portion of available research that deals with the relationship between green schools and student achievement. Because of this, suggestions for further research are given.
An Ecological Originated Design in Education Structures
Authors: Sirel Ayşe , Yücel Gökçen Firdevs
Published: September 2014

Diminishing natural resources have increased the prominence and implementation of approaches to sustainable planning, design, and application. Green schools minimize environmental impact by promoting environmentally friendly attitudes, reducing the need for infrastructure facilities, and using recycling as a strategy both during and after their construction. As with other green buildings, green schools reduce dependency on fossil fuels and thus limit the emission of carbon dioxide and other pollutants. Concerning global warming, green schools have the capacity to “turn back time,” creating learning circles that elicit solutions from their student bodies. In this chapter, the authors explore the economic, ecological, and social dimensions of green schools by means of a case study of an education campus in Adana, Turkey. The authors aim to elucidate how green schools may be effective in the conservation of future resources in architectural sustainability.
Green Schools as Teaching Tools
Authors: Carrick Charles F. , Caywood Douglas B.
Published: September 2014

This chapter is meant to serve as both a resource and as an aid for K-12 teachers who are interested in incorporating the philosophy and various aspects of the green school into their day-to-day teaching activities. A working definition of green schools and a summary of their benefits are presented as background information for teachers unfamiliar with the movement. Suggested steps for greening schools and classrooms are provided for those who may be interested in advancing the concept in their particular situations. Throughout the chapter, the school is highlighted as a laboratory for practicing conservation. To that end, discrete elements of green design are presented as suggested subject areas. Successful green school programs are identified as an additional resource. Finally, suggested green activities for the classroom are provided for interested instructors.
“Green” Teaching and Learning in Schools
Authors: Blendinger Jack , Hailey Leigh Ann , Shea Donna
Published: September 2014

This chapter addresses the importance of shaping the school's teaching and learning culture to exert a powerful influence on students in regard to environmental conservation. The chapter presents 19 successful and practical examples of “teaching green” in action contributed by practicing elementary and secondary school teachers. How to contact the contributors is also provided in the chapter.
Green School Leadership
Authors: Chan Tak C. , Saunders Robin , Lashley Laura
Published: September 2014

This chapter addresses the roles and responsibilities of a school leader who is accountable for initiating and implementing green school projects. School leaders need to follow the green school strategic planning model of goal setting, activity programming, procedure planning, and program evaluation for implementation of green school projects. Organization of the stakeholders and fiscal resources in support of strategic planning will start the green school program. Green school leadership could include exploring practical strategies leading to establishing sensible steps in green school project implementation. As an accountability procedure, valid evaluation process needs to be developed to examine if green school projects really achieve what they intend to do.