bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal variation characteristics and frequency analysis of extreme precipitation from 1959 to 2017: A case study of the Longtan watershed, southwest China
Authors: Mo Chongxun , Zhu Hanlin , Ruan Yuli , Xie Yanping , Lei Xingbi , Lai Shufeng , Sun Guikai , Xing Zhenxiang
Published: June 2022

Extreme climate events represented by extreme precipitation seriously constrain the sustainable and healthy development of economy and society. In this study, based on 59-year precipitation data from 15 meteorological stations in the Longtan watershed, seven extreme precipitation indices (continuous drought index (CDD), consecutive wet days (CWD), maximum 1-day precipitation amount (RX1D), maximum consecutive 5-day precipitation amount (RX5D), precipitation on very wet days (R95p), simple daily intensity index (SDII) and heavy precipitation days (R50 mm)) were selected from three perspectives of duration, frequency and intensity, and then the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of Longtan watershed extreme precipitation were clarified. The results indicated that the indices related to the frequency or intensity of extreme precipitation basically had a non-significant increasing trend in the past 59 years, but the CWD showed a significant decrease, reflecting a trend of drought in the watershed as a whole. Spatially, three spatial variation types of extreme precipitation were observed by the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, that was, the variation of consistent in the whole region, southwest–northeast reverse phase, and partial-whole reverse phase, among which the first type was the most typical. Frequency analysis was also performed with nine distribution models, and from the results of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K–S) test, the generalized extreme value (GEV) model was found to fit each index series better. At different levels of return periods, the indices for RX1D, RX5D and R95p roughly showed an increasing trend from upstream to downstream, with large differences in spatial precipitation.
Preparation of a High Affinity Single Chain Antibody Specific for Aspartate Aminotransferase-P2
Authors: Jones Stephen D. , Mett Vadim L. , Jones William T. , Reynolds Paul H.S.
Published: June 2022

Using hybridoma 7Fl which secretes antibodies specific tor aspartate aminotransferase-P2 (AAT-P2) as the source of RNA, a single chain antibody has been constructed using a phage display recombinant antibody system. The molecule produced inhibited AAT-P2 enzyme activity by 40% and demonstrated an affinity for this antigen which was comparable to that of the complete 7Fl monoclonal antibody
Proteolytic Cleavage of Melittin with the Actin­ Digesting Protease
Authors: Mirgorodskaya Olga , Kazanina Galina , Mirgorodskaya Ekaterina , Matveyev Vladimir , Thiede Bernd
Published: June 2022

RP HPLC and mass-spectrometry were used to show that melittin but not porcine insulin or C­ peptide of recombinant uman proinsulin was cleaved with the actin-digesting protease from E.coli A2 strain . Two bonds, either Ala 15-Leu 16 or Leu 16-IIe17 are cleaved with Km=2.4 x 10-6M . Cleavage of either bond was accelerated upon increase of ionic strength or concentration of ATP. Position of the only site for the protease in actin is proved to be Gly42-Vaf 43. Similarity ofthe cleavage sites in melittin and actin is discussed
Determination of the Functional Size of Superoxide Dismutases by Radiation Inactivation Analysis
Authors: A Goldlust , D.O Oxender , M.M Werber
Published: June 2022

Five different superoxide dismutases (SODs) representing the three classes of SODs (FeSOD, MnSOD and CuZnSOD) were analyzed by the radiation inactivation technique, which is a unique method for the determination of the functional mass of oligomeric proteins. All SODs showed a single exponential inactivation curve, with a radiation target size corresponding to the dimer of each of the enzymes, suggesting that the dimer is the functional unit of SODs.
Assessing a New Prescreening Score for the Simplified Evaluation of the Clinical Quality and Relevance of eHealth Apps: Instrument Validation Study
Authors: Wagneur Nicolas , Callier Patrick , Zeitoun Jean-David , Silber Denise , Sabatier Remi , Denis Fabrice
Published: June 2022

Background

In 2020, more than 250 eHealth solutions were added to app stores each day, or 90,000 in the year; however, the vast majority of these solutions have not undergone clinical validation, their quality is unknown, and the user does not know if they are effective and safe. We sought to develop a simple prescreening scoring method that would assess the quality and clinical relevance of each app. We designed this tool with 3 health care stakeholder groups in mind: eHealth solution designers seeking to evaluate a potential competitor or their own tool, investors considering a fundraising candidate, and a hospital clinician or IT department wishing to evaluate a current or potential eHealth solution.

Objective

We built and tested a novel prescreening scoring tool (the Medical Digital Solution scoring tool). The tool, which consists of 26 questions that enable the quick assessment and comparison of the clinical relevance and quality of eHealth apps, was tested on 68 eHealth solutions.

Methods

The Medical Digital Solution scoring tool is based on the 2021 evaluation criteria of the French National Health Authority, the 2022 European Society of Medical Oncology recommendations, and other provided scores. We built the scoring tool with patient association and eHealth experts and submitted it to eHealth app creators, who evaluated their apps via the web-based form in January 2022. After completing the evaluation criteria, their apps obtained an overall score and 4 categories of subscores. These criteria evaluated the type of solution and domain, the solution’s targeted population size, the level of clinical assessment, and information about the provider.

Results

In total, 68 eHealth solutions were evaluated with the scoring tool. Oncology apps (22%, 20/90) and general health solutions (23%, 21/90) were the most represented. Of the 68 apps, 32 (47%) were involved in remote monitoring by health professionals. Regarding clinical outcomes, 5% (9/169) of the apps assessed overall survival. Randomized studies had been conducted for 21% (23/110) of the apps to assess their benefit. Of the 68 providers, 38 (56%) declared the objective of obtaining reimbursement, and 7 (18%) out of the 38 solutions seeking reimbursement were assessed as having a high probability of reimbursement. The median global score was 11.2 (range 4.7-17.4) out of 20 and the distribution of the scores followed a normal distribution pattern (Shapiro-Wilk test: P=.33).

Conclusions

This multidomain prescreening scoring tool is simple, fast, and can be deployed on a large scale to initiate an assessment of the clinical relevance and quality of a clinical eHealth app. This simple tool can help a decision-maker determine which aspects of the app require further analysis and improvement.
Empathy ‘appraisal’ and Systemic Functional Linguistics for patient cues’ analysis in asynchronous health interactions: a new coding tool development (Preprint)
Authors: Rey Velasco Elena , Pedersen Hanne Sæderup , Skinner Timothy Charles
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Lifestyle-related diseases are among the leading causes of death and disability. Their rapid increase worldwide has called for low-cost, scalable solutions to promote health behaviour changes. Digital health coaching has proved to be effective to this aim, with the rising use of text-based interventions. In order to guarantee coaching fidelity and effectivity, there is a need for research in the field of linguistics as a core element of these interventions. State-of-the-art research has considered wording but lacks grammar analysis and the meanings originated from the speaker’s linguistic choices. When investigated, these choices can disclose the speaker’s experiences of the world, their relationship with the receiver and the interpretation of their wording as a text message. Furthermore, empathy is associated with these meanings, and becomes pivotal during coaching for a successful coach-user relationship and positive patient outcomes.

OBJECTIVE

We aim to analyse user cues in a digital health intervention and contribute to future research on coach communication.

METHODS

We tested a combination of empathy and a linguistic approach to code 148 text messages sent by 29 women recruited in a randomized trial on tele-coaching for the prevention of gestational diabetes and postnatal weight loss.

RESULTS

We identified 143 empathic opportunities present in 42.37% of the word count in the corpus. These were mainly negative (82.2%) and implicit (60%). We distinguished opening, content and closing messages structures. Most of the wording was found in the content (86.2%) with a declarative structure (86.3%). Processes represented a 22.4% of the corpus, with half being material (10.7%) and related to food and diet (26.9%), physical activity (26.9%), and lifestyle goals (11.2%).

CONCLUSIONS

The combination of empathy and linguistic analysis showed promising results. Our findings reveal preliminary insights on the coach-user relationship. The absence of explicit empathic opportunities and direct questions could be attributed to a low trust or information on the coach's abilities. We will be conducting further research to explore additional linguistic features and code coach messages.

CLINICALTRIAL

Trial registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) with registration number ACTRN12620001240932.
The Impact of Cybervictimization on the Self-Management of Chronic Conditions: Lived Experiences (Preprint)
Authors: Alhaboby Zhraa A , Evans Hala , Barnes James , Short Emma
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Cybervictimization of people with long-term conditions is a disturbing phenomenon with a documented impact on health and well-being. These experiences are primarily examined using quantitative methods, focusing on children and young people. However, research centered on the cybervictimization of adults with chronic conditions is scarce, with limited qualitative input from the victims as experts in their own experiences.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to understand the impact of cybervictimization on the self-management of long-term conditions among adults with chronic conditions and disabilities in the United Kingdom.

METHODS

This paper reports the findings from the qualitative phase of a phenomenologically informed mixed methods study. The biographical disruption concept was used to conceptualize the study. In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 participants with chronic conditions who experienced cybervictimization. A codebook was developed, and a zigzag approach to thematic analysis was used to define and refine themes. Ethical considerations and risk assessment were ongoing during the research process because of the sensitivity of the topic and cases of harassment.

RESULTS

Cybervictimization has direct and indirect impacts on the self-management of chronic conditions. This impact was verified across 6 overarching themes that emerged from this study. First, biomedical events included overall health deterioration because of existing conditions, new diagnoses, and subjective physical complaints. Second, the impact on mental health was perceived through psychological consequences and psychiatric disorders that developed after or during this traumatic experience. Third, the multilevel impact theme focused on disrupting the strategies for coping with health conditions and involved unplanned changes to victims’ health management priorities. Fourth, the impact of complexity reflected the perceived uniqueness in each case, intersectionality, struggle to obtain formal support, and subsequent health complications. Fifth, social network involvement comprised the effects of social isolation, victim blaming, and deception. Finally, the disability discrimination theme focused on prejudice, issues on inclusion, and hostility in society, with subsequent effects on well-being.

CONCLUSIONS

People with long-term conditions experienced different forms of cybervictimization, all disruptive with various effects on health. Disability discrimination was a prominent finding to be further investigated. This paper reports the impact as themes to guide further research and practice, with the recognition that long-term conditions and impairments are not a homogeneous group. Despite the devastating consequences, there are positive points that strengthen potential interventions. Awareness-raising campaigns, training of support channels, and multidisciplinary research are recommended to tackle this issue and initiate change.
Effectiveness, Policy, and User Acceptance of Covid-19 Contact Tracing Applications (CTA) During the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic: An Experience and Comparative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Liu MingXin , Zhou SiYu , Jin Qun , Nishimura Shoji , Ogihara Atsushi
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Background
In the post-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic era, many countries launched apps to trace contacts of COVID-19 infections. Each contact tracing application (CTA) faces a variety of issues owing to different national policies or technologies to trace contacts.

OBJECTIVE

Objective
We aimed to investigate all CTAs used to trace contacts in various countries worldwide, including the technology used by each CTA, the availability of knowledge information from official websites, the interoperability of the CTAs in various countries, the infection detection rate and policies of the specific country, and to summarize the current problems of the application based on the information collected.

METHODS

Method
We investigated CTAs launched in all countries through Google, Google Scholar, and PUBMED. After eliminating CTAs that did not meet the screening criteria, we experimented with all applications that could be installed and complemented with information about applications that could not be installed or used by consulting official websites and previous literature. We compared the collected information on CTAs with relevant previous literature to understand and analyze the data.

RESULTS

Result
After screening 166 COVID-19 applications developed in 197 countries worldwide, we selected 98 applications from 95 countries, among these, 63 apps were usable. The methods of contact tracing are divided into three main categories: Bluetooth, geolocation, and QR codes. Each method is further categorized depending on the protocol. At the effectiveness level, CTAs face three problems. First, the distance and time for Bluetooth/geolocation-based CTAs to record contact are generally set to 2m/15min; however, this distance should be lengthened and the time should be shortened for more infectious variants. Second, Bluetooth/geolocation-based CTAs also face the problem of lack of accuracy, for which the ultrasonic technology adopted by CTA of United states (NOVID) has proven to be effective in improving the accuracy of CTA. Additionally, we investigated infection detection rates in 33 countries, 16 of which had significantly low detection rates and wherein CTAs could have lacked effectiveness in reducing virus propagation. Regarding policy, CTAs in all countries (except for that in Europe) can only be used in their own countries and lack interoperability among others countries. In addition, five countries have already discontinued CTAs, but we believe that it is too early to discontinue them. With regard to the user acceptance, 28 out of 98 CTAs had no official source of knowledge, which could reduce user acceptance of CTAs.

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion
We surveyed all CTAs worldwide and identified their technical, effectiveness, policy, and acceptance issues in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era.
СКАНИРУЮЩАЯ КАПИЛЛЯРНАЯ МИКРОСКОПИЯ: ВИЗУАЛИЗАЦИЯ ОПУХОЛЕВЫХ КЛЕТОК
Authors: Яминский И.В. , Ахметова А.И. , Советников Т.О. , Тихомирова М.А. , Янг Шуанг
Published: June 2022

Сканирующая капиллярная микроскопия (или сканирующая ион-проводящая микроскопия) – одна из методик сканирующей зондовой микроскопии, основанная на использовании нанокапилляров. Важным преимуществом СКМ перед остальными методами является несиловое воздействие на объект исследования в процессе измерения, а также возможность проводить исследования в естественной среде – в жидкости, вследствие чего эта методика стала активно использоваться в биологических и медицинских исследованиях. Еще одним оригинальным преимуществом СКМ является использование двухканальных капилляров, что позволяет применять эту методику в качестве сенсора, например, для измерения активных форм кислорода вблизи клетки.
БИОРАЗЛАГАЕМЫЕ ПЛЕНОЧНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ НА ОСНОВЕ ГИДРОГЕЛЕЙ ПОЛИМЕРОВ И НАНОЧАСТИЦ СЕРЕБРА
Authors: Фарус О.А.
Published: June 2022

Работа посвящена вопросам получения и оценки эффективности биоразлагаемых пленочных материалов на основе гидрогелей полимеров и наночастиц серебра. В качестве матрицы в рассматриваемых материалах используются поливиниловый спирт и крахмал картофельный и кукурузный. Данные полимеры безопасны для человека и позволяют получить биоразлагаемые материалы. Внедрение наночастиц серебра в рассматриваемые пленочные материа­лы позволяет повысить их антибактериальные и фунгицидные свойства. Произведенный сравнительный анализ полученных пленочных материалов показал, что наиболее перспективными являются материалы на основе поливинилового спирта, кукурузного крахмала с наночастицами серебра (ПВС/ККук/Agnano).
La epistemología digital como puente entre la alfabetización digital y el derecho a la información
Authors: Morán Reyes Ariel Antonio
Published: June 2022

En los últimos años, las repercusiones de las tecnologías disruptivas han recalibrado muchas aristas de los ordenamientos legales nacionales. El hecho de que varias disposiciones legislativas recurran a las tecnologías digitales para garantizar el despliegue de libertades esenciales (como el derecho a la información) no se traduce, de manera necesaria, en un conocimiento de causa sobre sus efectos en la vida diaria, ni en el desarrollo de las capacidades indispensables para sus beneficios (sin la pérdida de algún tipo de agencia). Por consiguiente, abismarse en una cultura digital, y en un marco legal informativo vasto, no implica que los sectores y comunidades de la sociedad posean una comprensión amplia de los requerimientos que dicha digitalidad parece imponer para el aprovechamiento de sus derechos, como agentes epistémicos que buscan, procesan y transmiten información. Para desplegar con soltura la facultades esenciales y gozar de manera plena las libertades, es imprescindible alfabetizarse digitalmente. Para articular el ejercicio del derecho a la información con las habilidades que integra la alfabetización digital se requiere una conceptuación más robusta para discernir entre procesos digitales e informativos, a saber, una epistemología digital, que ayude a entender cómo la dimensión digital influye en la comprensión de la dimensión informativa.
Gestión de la cultura urbana
Authors: Aguerre Carolina , Giaimo Mariangela
Published: June 2022

La ciudad se construye en el cotidiano andar de sus habitantes, los ciudadanos, quienes en su actividad configuran la cultura citadina. De esta forma, las políticas ciudadanas requieren la incorporación del nivel simbólico de la cultura en cuestión, para comunicar sus objetivos, sobre todo cuando se busca cambiar las prácticas cotidianas.
A QUESTÃO DA SAÚDE MENTAL DE PACIENTES DERMATOLÓGICOS EM ATENDIMENTO HOSPITALAR
Authors: Diniz Amanda Gimenes Pacheco , Santos Andriely Nascimento dos , Nogare Laysa Stahlhauer Dalle , Dias Stefanie de Souza , Oshiyama Thainara Silva , Salgado Fernanda Maria Munhoz
Published: June 2022

Delimitando e protegendo a individualidade, a pele é o principal meio de contato do sujeito com o mundo exterior. Conflitos e emoções podem se manifestar através do corpo e da pele, tornando-se visíveis e suscetíveis às reações sociais que muitas vezes são de preconceito e discriminação. O impacto dessas relações pode intensificar sintomas psicossomáticos e desencadear comorbidades como ansiedade e depressão, interferindo diretamente na qualidade de vida dos pacientes dermatológicos. Mesmo que as manifestações dermatológicas não sejam desencadeadas por fatores psíquicos, podem ser agravadas por estes, alterando a resposta do organismo a tratamentos. Há que se considerar ainda, que algumas doenças podem resultar da pobreza e prevalecer nestas condições, ou ainda gerar pobreza, colaborando para a manutenção da desigualdade social. Uma revisão bibliográfica foi realizada com o intuito de compreender o impacto psicológico das dermatoses na qualidade de vida dos acometidos. Considerando o cuidado que estes pacientes devem receber para que tenham uma melhora em sua relação consigo e com o meio social, contribuindo para a melhoria da sua qualidade de vida, a revisão bibliográfica abrangeu os métodos de intervenção psicossocial de Cinematerapia e de Rodas de Conversa, como estratégia terapêutica complementar dentro do ambiente hospitalar. Por meio de filmes que são ferramentas acessíveis, é possível propor reflexões sobre o tema, com debates sobre autoimagem, autoestima e aceitação, permitindo espaço para acolhimento e troca de vivências.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN DENGAN KUALITAS TIDUR PADA PASIEN GAGAL JANTUNG KONGESTIF(CHF)
Authors: Mitia Eka Wati Zela , Oktarina Yosi , Rudini Dini
Published: June 2022

Almost all patients realize that the cardiovascular system is a very important part. When the heart begins to break down and its manifestations deteriorate, health will be threatened. In patients with heart failure an increase in manifestations can cause fear so that patients will express their fears in various ways including anxiety. This excessive anxiety will have an impact on poor sleep quality. This study aims to determine the relationship between anxiety level and sleep quality in CHF patients in the heart clinic at Raden Mattaher Hospital Jambi. This research a quantitative study a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique  purposive sampling (n = 73). The statistical test used is the Spearman correlation test where this correlation is used to measure the relationship between two variables and find out the direction of the relationship. The instrument used in this study was  quesionare PSQI (r = 0.741) to assess sleep quality and quesionare GAD-7 (r = 0.83) to assess anxiety levels. The results of this study showed the majority of respondents had mild anxiety as many as 35 people (47.9%) and poor sleep quality as many as 47 people (64.4%). The results of the Spearman rank test analysis p value = 0.004 <0.05, then there is a relationship between the level of anxiety and the quality of sleep. There is a relationship between anxiety level and sleep quality in CHF patients. For further research, it is expected to be able to use the results of the study as basic data in carrying out further research
Kedudukan Anak Angkat Dalam Sistem Pewarisan Hukum Adat Dan Hukum Islam (Perbandingan Antara Hukum Adat Dan Hukum Islam)
Authors: Amina Harkaz Ritonga Riza , Idris Isran , Suryahartati Dwi
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this research is to find out and explain the position of adopted children in the inheritance system according to customary law and Islamic law and the legal consequences arising from adoption according to customary law and Islamic law. With this aim, the issues discussed are: 1) What is the position of adopted children in the inheritance system according to Customary Law and Islamic Law; 2) What are the legal consequences arising from adoption according to customary law and Islamic law? Methods: The research method used is a normative juridical research method, which is an approach to the problem by examining, reviewing and comparing the applicable laws and regulations and is competent to be used as a basis in implementing problem solving. The legal materials used are primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The results of the study: 1) The position of adopted children in customary law is very dependent on the kinship system and the law adopted by each region. The position of adopted children in Islamic law is not the same as biological children. 2) Adoption of children under customary law has different legal consequences depending on the status of the adopted child. Adoption of a child in Islamic law has legal consequences but does not make him inherit from each other.
Abstrak
Tujuan dari penelitianm ini agar dapat mengetahui dan menjelaskan mengenai kedudukan anak angkat dalam sistem pewarisan menurut Hukum Adat dan Hukum Islam dan mengenai akibat hukum yang timbul dari pengangkatan anak menurut Hukum Adat dan Hukum Islam. Dengan tujuan tersebut, maka masalah yang dibahas adalah: 1) Bagaimana kedudukan anak angkat dalam sistem pewarisan menurut Hukum Adat dan Hukum Islam; 2) Bagaimana akibat hukum yang timbul dari pengangkatan anak menurut Hukum Adat dan Hukum Islam. Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian yuridis normative, yaitu suatu pendekatan masalah dengan jalan menelaah, mengkaji dan membandingkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dan berkompeten untuk digunakan sebagai dasar dalam melaksanakan pemecahan masalah. Bahan hukum yang digunakan yaitu bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Hasil penelitian: 1) Kedudukan anak angkat dalam hukum adat sangat bergantung pada sistem kekerabatan dan hukum yang dianut oleh masing-masing daerah. Kedudukan anak angkat dalam hukum islam adalah tidak sama dengan anak kandung. 2) Pengangkatan anak dalam hukum Adat menimbulkan akibat hukum yang berbeda tergantung pada status anak yang diambil. Pengangkatan anak dalam Hukum Islam menimbulkan akibat hukum tetapi tidak menjadikan ia saling waris mewarisi.
Uomo interrogante — “The Questioner”: About Some Iconological Features of the Interpretation of Gospel in Renaissance Painting
Authors: Borovskaya Natalia F.
Published: June 2022

The article analyses several Italian Renaissance works of art on Gospel themes that show a new type of character, “The Questioner” (Uomo interrogante), who through the interpretation of the Gospel by means of painting turns from an episodic character into a protagonist engaged in a dialogue with God.
The Religious Element of the Myth of Napoleon in the Novel Crime and Punishment: The Image of “Napoleon-Prophet” and the Mystic Sects of Russian Schismatics, Worshippers of Napoleon
Authors: Podosokorsky Nikolay N.
Published: June 2022

The article is dedicated to the presence of the Napoleonic myth in Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment (1866) through its religious aspect, namely the historical and cultural mergence of Napoleon and Mohammed and the worship of Napoleon among the mystic sects of Russian schismatics in the first half of the 19th century. The formation of a lasting perception of Napoleon Bonaparte as the new “prophet”, “Mohammed of the West” — which can be found in Stendhal, Alexandre Dumas, Honoré de Balzac, and others — is here traced, as well as the way Napoleon used religion and art for political aims during the Egyptian expedition and after. Particular attention is dedicated to Voltaire’s play Mahomet (1741) and its influence on Napoleon (and possibly on Dostoevsky) through theatre performances. Rodion Raskolnikov’s Napoleonic theory is explained through an immersion in the history of the wars between Russia and France and of the Russian sectarian movement, where in 1920s-1940s could be found more than one sect worshipping Napoleon. According to the reports of secret police agents, they tacitly gathered in Moscow and worshipped a bust of Napoleon the Emperor, believing that he was not dead but alive, and would soon appear to “command the righteous regiments to restore the shattered order”. Dostoevsky could use this original mystical phenomenon in his novel. It is no coincidence that one of the doubles-substitutes for the main character in Crime and Punishment is the schismatic Mikolka, who was born in the Ryazan province, where Raskolnikov’s mother and sister lived.
Diffusion tensor imaging derived metrics in high grade glioma and brain metastasis differentiation
Authors: Brakus Alma , Ostojic Jelena , Lucic Milos
Published: June 2022

Background: Pretreatment differentiation between glioblastoma and metastasis is a frequently encountered dilemma in neurosurgical practice. Distinction is required for precise planning of resection or radiotherapy, and also for defining further diagnostic procedures. Morphology and spectroscopy imaging features are not specific and frequently overlap. This limitation of magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy was the reason to initiate this study. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the dataset of diffusion tensor imaging metrics contains information which may be used for the distinction between primary and secondary intra-axial neoplasms. Methods: Two diffusion tensor imaging parameters were measured in 81 patients with an expansive, ring-enhancing, intra-axial lesion on standard magnetic resonance imaging (1.5 T system). All tumors were histologically verified glioblastoma or secondary deposit. For qualitative analysis, two regions of interest were defined: intratumoral and immediate peritumoral region (locations 1 and 2, respectively). Fractional anisotropy and mean difusivity values of both groups were compared. Additional test was performed to determine if there was a significant difference in mean values between two locations. Results: A statistically significant difference was found in fractional anisotropy values among two locations, with decreasing values in the direction of neoplastic infiltration, although such difference was not observed in fractional anisotropy values in the group with secondary tumors. Mean difusivity values did not appear helpful in differentiation between these two entities. In both groups there was no significant difference in mean difusivity values, neither in intratumoral nor in peritumoral location. Conclusion: The results of our study justify associating the diffusion tensor imaging technique to conventional morphologic magnetic resonance imaging as an additional diagnostic tool for the distinction between primary and secondary intra-axial lesions. Quantitative analysis of diffusion tensor imaging metric, in particular measurement of fractional anisotropy in peritumoral edema facilitates accurate diagnosis.
Approximation by generalized Szász-Mirakjan-Kantorovich type operators
Authors: Qasim Mohd , Mursaleen M. , Abbas Zaheer , Khan Asif
Published: June 2022

We construct Kantorovich variant of generalized Sz?sz-Mirakjan operators whose construction depends on a continuously differentiable, increasing and unbounded function ?. For these new operators we give weighted approximation, Voronovskaya type theorem, quantitative estimates for the local approximation.
Projected Impact of the Medicare Part D Senior Savings Model on Diabetes-Related Health and Economic Outcomes Among Insulin Users Covered by Medicare
Authors: Shao Hui , Guan Dawei , Guo Jingchuan , Jiao Tianze , Zhang Yongkang , Luo Jing , Shi Lizheng , Fonseca Vivian , Brown Joshua D.
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVE

The Medicare Part D Senior Savings Model (SSM) took effect on 1 January 2021. In this study we estimated the number of beneficiaries who would benefit from SSM and the long-term health and economic consequences of implementing this new policy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Data for Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes treated with insulin were extracted from the 2018 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. A validated diabetes microsimulation model estimated health and economic impacts of the new policy for the 5-year initial implementation period and a 20-year extended policy horizon. Costs were estimated from a health system perspective.

RESULTS

Of 4.2 million eligible Medicare beneficiaries, 1.6 million (38.3%) would benefit from the policy, and out-of-pocket (OOP) costs per year per beneficiary would decrease by 61% or $500 on average. Compared with non-White subgroups, the White population subgroups would have a higher proportion of SSM enrollees (29.6% vs. 43.7%) and a higher annual OOP cost reduction (reduction of $424 vs. $531). Among the SSM enrollees, one-third (605,125) were predicted to have improved insulin adherence due to lower cost sharing and improved health outcomes. In 5 years, the SSM would 1) avert 2,014 strokes, 935 heart attacks, 315 heart failure cases, and 344 end-stage renal disease cases; 2) gain 3,220 life-years and 3,381 quality-adjusted life-years (QALY); and 3) increase insulin cost and total medical cost by $3.5 billion and $2.8 billion. In 20 years, the number of avoided clinical outcomes, number of life-years and QALY gained, and the total and insulin cost would be larger.

CONCLUSIONS

The Medicare SSM may reduce the OOP costs for approximately one-third of the Medicare beneficiaries treated with insulin, improving health outcomes via increased insulin adherence. However, the SSM will also increase overall Medicare spending for insulin and overall medical costs, which may impact future premiums and benefits. Our findings can inform policy makers about the potential impact of the new Medicare SSM.
Assessing the nitric oxide efficacy in bilateral lung transplantation
Authors: Talyzin A. M. , Zhuravel S. V. , Khubutiya M. Sh. , Tarabrin E. A. , Kuznetsova N. K.
Published: June 2022

Background. One of the most frequent and severe complications in the early postoperative period in lung transplantation is primary graft dysfunction resulting from ischemia-reperfusion injury. There is evidence of the effectiveness of using inhaled nitric oxide in order to prevent such injury.

Objective. To assess the effectiveness of nitric oxide in the intra- and early postoperative period in bilateral lung transplantation.

Material and methods. We examined 43 patients who underwent bilateral lung transplantation at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine in the period from 2012-2021. The patients were divided into two groups. The study group consisted of 23 patients, whose complex of treatment included the use of inhaled nitric oxide. Patients in the comparison group (n=20) received a standard therapy. The end points of the study were: the mechanical ventilation duration, the frequency of using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and its duration, mortality, dynamics of oxygenation index, blood lactate level, pH, base deficiency.

Results. The use of inhaled nitric oxide therapy in patients in the intra- and early postoperative period during lung transplantation improved the ventilation-perfusion ratio, as evidenced by an increase in the oxygenation index by 1.1 times (p=0.128) and 1.3 times (p=0.026) at 48 and 72 hours after surgery, respectively. Meanwhile, the frequency of using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during surgery was found to decrease by 1.2 times (p=0.033), and that after surgery decreased by 1.4 times (p=0.474); the mechanical ventilation duration decreased by 1.4 times (p=0.042); the duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation decreased by 1.6 times (p=0.028); mortality reduced by 8%.

Conclusion. The use of inhaled nitric oxide therapy for lung transplantation had a positive effect on the intra- and early postoperative period, as indicated by an improvement in blood gas parameters, a reduction in the frequency and duration of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and the duration of mechanical ventilation.
PHENOMENON OF DEMIKHOV. The origin of the assisted circulation concept and its implementation (V.P. Demikhov, 1937–1947)
Authors: Glyantsev S. P. , Werner A.
Published: June 2022

It is generally accepted that the concept of mechanical circulatory support originates from the USA in the 1960s and was implemented in the clinic by American surgeons S. Crawford, M. DeBakey, D. Cooley, D. Liotta and others by creating portable implantable pneumatic devices included in the cardiovascular system parallel to the biological heart to maintain its activity in heart failure. However, we found that twenty years earlier, in 1947, a similar concept was first put forward by the Soviet biologist and physiologist V.P. Demikhov, who had implemented it in an experiment by creating implantable electromechanical devices and transplanting a second, additional heart into the animal chest. At the same time, V.P. Demikhov suggested using his models both for maintaining the function of a weakened biological heart and for its recovery. Since an idea similar to that published in an English-language edition had never been formulated by anyone before V.P. Demikhov, his priority is global.
An influence of cavitation phenomena on the destruction processes of organic and biological pollutions in the water
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Shevchuk L. , Koval I. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Aftanaziv I. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: June 2022

The regularities of cavitation treatment of food and chemical industries wastewater from organic and biological contaminants in the presence of gases of different nature were studied. The optimal temperature range 313K - 318 K for cavitation wastewater treatment was established. It is shown that the process of cavitation destruction of organic compounds can be described by a first - order kinetic equation. The efficiency of gas bubbling in the cavitation zone in order to intensify the simultaneous destruction of microbiological and organic contaminants in industrial wastewater was confirmed.
Strategic Entrepreneurial Orientation in Higher Education: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Koyuncuoğlu Özdal , Tekin Mahmut
Published: June 2022

Internalizing entrepreneurial awareness at a university is important to ensure the sustainability of supporting entrepreneurial activities and effective resource management. Managers, academics and administrative staff should address entrepreneurship as a strategic goal so that the environmental conditions of entrepreneurship encouragement and support can be created to upgrade to the fourth generation university model, which is the entrepreneur-innovative research university model. Thus, the question should be “What will be the strategic entrepreneurial orientation in terms of effective resource management in higher education?” It is important to look for answers to questions, such as “What are the strategic approaches that directly affect effective resource management and university conditions?”, “What is expected from university administrations?”, and “How can the efforts of university administrations be evaluated?” An alternative model was developed by Koyuncuoğlu and Tekin (2019) to evaluate the extent to which university administrations internalize entrepreneurship and how much its entrepreneurial culture has been embraced in the academic and administrative organization, educational programs, and administrative processes. This study aims to review the studies on strategic entrepreneurial orientation in higher education and to reveal the existing knowledge about the dimensions of entrepreneurship and strategic entrepreneurial orientation. Therefore, the strategic entrepreneurial orientation model developed by Koyuncuoğlu and Tekin (2019) is discussed, the models in the literature are compared, and some suggestions are made for researchers and universities.
Methods for indirect measurements of the emissivity of tungsten and iron-carbon alloys
Authors: Zhukov Leonid , Petrenko Dmytro
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the article is to increase accuracy and reliability of optical thermometry, including two-colour compensative thermometry with a priori averaged adjustment. The equation of nonlinearity of emissivity spectral distribution was previously obtained. The equation connects the nonlinearity coefficient of emissivity spectral distribution on the middle wave of the operating spectral range with the emissivity value at one of the boundary waves via 3 one-colour radiation temperatures. Based on the equation, linear two-range and parabolic methods for indirect measurements of emissivity is proposed. The results of emissivity determination are used to correct the a priori averaged adjustment of two-colour compensative thermometry.

The linear method excludes the methodical error of temperature measurements for linear spectral distributions of emissivity. For tungsten and iron-carbon alloys, the methodical error of the two-colour compensative thermometry adjusted using the linear method does not exceed 0.52%. At the same time, the methodical errors of spectral ratio and energy pyrometry reach 3.19 and 6.07–8.42%. With a further hypothetical increase of nonlinearity coefficient by 2 times, the error of linear method increases from 0.52 to 1.02%. Both values are permissible in ferrous metallurgy.

The two-range method is based on the inversion of nonlinearity of emissivity spectral distribution. The inversion means that nonlinearity coefficient changes its sign. In the case of tungsten, when spectral ranges are correctly chosen, the error of two-colour compensative thermometry with a corrected adjustment using the two-range method does not exceed the errors of reference measurements and makes up 0.06%.

For essentially nonlinear distributions of emissivity, the parabolic method is proposed. The method excludes methodical error in case the emissivity on operating waves can be described by a polynomial of the 2-nd order. This polynomial approximation is typical for ferrous metals and their alloys. With the same nonlinearity of emissivity spectral distribution, for example, in case of tungsten, the error of parabolic method is 1.24 times less than of the linear method.
MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA SEBAGAI DAMPAK DARI FASILITAS SARANA PRASARANA BELAJAR DI SMK NEGERI 1 PADANG
Authors: Wahyudi Wahyudi , Rifelino Rifelino , Purwantono Purwantono , Abadi Zainal
Published: June 2022

Masih rendahnya motivasi siswa dalam belajar dasar-dasar mesin bubut dan kurangnya pemanfaatan penggunaan sarana prasarana di sekolah, sehingga membuat siswa kurang dapat mengembangkan potensi diri dan kreasinya serta sulit dalam memahami pelajaran. Dengan mengoptimalkan penggunaan sarana prasarana yang ada sangat diperlukan dalam menunjang motivasi belajar siswa sehingga keberhasilan belajar bisa tercapai. Siswa kelas XII merupakan siswa yang sudah merasakan dan melalui berbagai kegiatan belajar. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengungkap berapa besarnya hubungan fasilitas sarana prasarana belajar terhadap motivasi peserta didik di tingkat XII TP dengan dasar-dasar mesin bubut sebagai mata pelajaran. Penelitian yang dilakukan bersifat korelasi untuk mengetahui dan melihat ada tidaknya atau seberapa besar hubungan antara dua variabel. Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan yang mana sebagai siswanya adalah siswa jurusannTeknik Pemesinanndi SMK Negeri 1 Padanggdi kelas XII dengan total sebanyak 50 orang siswa. Cara yang dipakai teknik sampling adalah random sampling sejumlah 34 siswa. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan kepada 34 siswa ini dengan berdasarkan pada hasil pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan parsial (uji t) diperoleh bahwa variabel sarana prasarana berdampak dengan hasil signifikan kepada motivasi siswa dalam belajar. Hasil dari itu disebabkan karena nilai yang signifikansii(0.000)i< 0.05.jjadi didapatkan hipotesissHooditolakkdannHaaditerima. Dari hasillini didapatkan semakin meningkat sarana dan prasarana pada sekolah maka akan berdampak pada motivasi siswa belajar terutama pada pelajaran Dasar-dasar Teknik Bubut.
PERANCANGAN MESIN PENCACAH RUMPUT GAJAH
Authors: ZIKRA M , Purwantono Purwantono , Primawati Primawati , Kurniawan Andre
Published: June 2022

Rumput gajah merupakan salah satu pilihan peternak untuk dijadikan sebagai pakan sapi. Populasi rumput gajah yang besar membuat para peternak menjadikan rumput gajah sebagai pakan utama sapi. Rata-rata seekor sapi membutuhkan rumput gajah sebanyah 20 kg/hari. (Andasuryani, 2009). Pada umumnya masih banyak peternak yang menggunakan cara tradisional dalam mencacah rumput gajah, yaitu menggunakan sabit sebagai alat potong. Tentunya membutuhkan waktu dan tenaga yang banyak dalam melakukan proses pencacahan. Mesin pencacah rumput gajah merupakan alat yang digunakan untuk membantu peternak dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pakan ternak. Mesin ini mampu memotong kecil-kecil dengan waktu yang cepat dan kapasitas yang banyak. Rumput gajah yang akan dicacah dimasukkan melalui sebuah saluran masuk, dicacah dalam sebuah box pencacahan, dan keluar berupa potongan yang berukuran kecil. (Direktoral Jendral Peternakan, 2008). Mesin pencacah rumput gajah ini menggunakan sistem transmisi tunggal dengan motor bensin sebagai tenaga penggerak sepasang pulley dan V-belt sebagai perantara dari motor bensin ke poros. Mesin ini menggunakan sistem pemotongan pisau putar. Poros akan memutar pisau yang akan mencacah rumput gajah di dalam box pencacahan, sehingga menghasilkan potongan yang halus dibandingkan dengan potongan menggunakan sabit. Tujuan utama penulis dalam merancang mesin pencacah rumput gajah membantu peternakan menghadirkan inovasi peternak memenuhi kebutuhan pakan ternak. Dari hasil perancangan didapatkan dimensi mesin pencacah rumput gajah adalah 860 mm x 600 mm x 1.220 mm. Menggunakan motor bensin dengan daya 5,5 Hp dengan putaran 3600 rpm.
PENGARUH JENIS MEDIA PENDINGIN AIR GARAM, AIR SUMUR, OLI TERHADAP HARDNESS PADA HASIL PENGELASAN BAJA S45C MENGUNAKAN LAS SMAW
Authors: A Ridwan , Irzal Irzal , Waskito Waskito , Mulyadi Rodesri
Published: June 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh media pendingin air garam, air sumur dan oli terhadap kekerasan pada hasil pengelasan baja S45C mengunakan las SMAW. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen yang membandingkan jenis media pendingin yang digunakan yaitunya air garam, air sumur dan oli bekas. Penelitian ini mengunakan 15 spesimen, 3 spesimen raw material, 3 spesimen menggunakan media pendingin udara, 3 spesimen media pendingin air garam, 3 spesimen menggunakan air sumur, 3 Spesimen menggunakan media pendingin oli bekas. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian disimpulkan bahwa dengan perlakuan media pendingian yang berbeda-beda terhadap hasil pengelasan las SMAW menunjukan terjadinya peningkatan nilai kekerasan terhadap spesimen row materil S45C. Hasil pengujian diperoleh rata-rata nilai kekerasan tertinggi pada hasil pengelasan dengan media pendingin air garam yaitu jalur las 20,33 HRC, daerah HAZ 24,43 HRC, dan logam induk 18,67 HRC, nilai rata-rata pada spesimen ini sebesar 21,14 HRC. Kekerasan rata-rata media pendingin air sumur yaitu jalur las 19,73 HRC, daerah HAZ 22,57 HRC, dan logam induk 18,57 HRC, nilai rata-rata pada spesimen ini sebesar 20,24 HRC. Kekerasan rata-rata media pendingin oli bekas yaitu jalur las 17,77 HRC, daerah HAZ 20,33 HRC, dan logam induk 18,50 HRC, nilai rata-rata pada spesimen ini sebesar 18,87 HRC. Kekerasan rata-rata media pendingin udara yaitu jalur las 17,27 HRC, daerah HAZ 19,33 HRC, dan logam induk 17,97 HRC, nilai rata-rata pada spesimen ini sebesar 18,19 HRC.

Kata Kunci: Pengaruh, Media Pendingin, S45C, Las SMAW, Kekerasan