bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Neurocognitive Profile of the Cerebellum in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Sarica Alessia , Cerasa Antonio , Quattrone Aldo
Published: May 2015

In recent years, a high number of studies have demonstrated that neuropsychological functions are altered in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with cerebellar lesions, mainly including attention, working memory and verbal fluency. Since the present literature is often elusive on this topic, we aim to provide a comprehensive report about the real impact of cerebellar damages (evaluated as volume, lesions or connectivity measures) on cognitive functions. In particular in this review, we report and discuss recent works from 2009 to 2015, which have demonstrated the key role of the cerebellum in cognitive impairment of MS patients.
The Possible Future Roles for iPSC-Derived Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Hew Meilyn , O'Connor Kevin , Edel Michael , Lucas Michaela
Published: May 2015

The ability to generate inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and the potential for their use in treatment of human disease is of immense interest. Autoimmune diseases, with their limited treatment choices are a potential target for the clinical application of stem cell and iPSC technology. IPSCs provide three potential ways of treating autoimmune disease; (i) providing pure replacement of lost cells (immuno-reconstitution); (ii) through immune-modulation of the disease process in vivo; and (iii) for the purposes of disease modeling in vitro. In this review, we will use examples of systemic, system-specific and organ-specific autoimmunity to explore the potential applications of iPSCs for treatment of autoimmune diseases and review the evidence of iPSC technology in auto-immunity to date.
A Survey of Chemical Compositions and Biological Activities of Yemeni Aromatic Medicinal Plants
Authors: Chhetri Bhuwan , Ali Nasser , Setzer William
Published: May 2015

Yemen is a small country located in the southwestern part of the Arabian Peninsula. Yemen’s coastal lowlands, eastern plateau, and deserts give it a diverse topography, which along with climatic factors make it opulent in flora. Despite the introduction of Western medicinal system during the middle of the twentieth century, herbal medicine still plays an important role in Yemen. In this review, we present a survey of several aromatic plants used in traditional medicine in Yemen, their traditional uses, their volatile chemical compositions, and their biological activities.
Monitoring Earthquake-Damaged Vegetation after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in the Mountainous River Basins, Dujiangyan County
Authors: Zhang Huaizhen , Wang Xiaomeng , Fan Jianrong , Chi Tianhe , Yang Shun , Peng Ling
Published: May 2015

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake destroyed large areas of vegetation in the Baisha River and Longxi River basins, in Dujiangyan County, China. There were several debris flow events in these mountainous river basins after 2008. Currently, these damaged vegetation areas are in various stages of recovery. This recovery vegetation improves the resistance of slopes to both surficial erosion and mass wasting. We introduce a probabilistic approach to determining the relationships between damaged vegetation and slope materials’ stability, and model the sediment and flow (hydrological) connectivity index to detect the hydrological changes in a given river basin, using the multi-temporal (1994–2014) remote-sensing images to monitor the vegetation recovery processes. Our results demonstrated that the earthquake-damaged vegetation areas have coupling relationships with topographic environment and slope material properties, and can be used to assess the slope material stability. Further, our analysis results showed that the areas with horizontal distance to river streams <500 m are areas that actively contribute sediment to the stream channel network, and are main material sources for debris flow processes in one given mountainous basin.
Characterizing the Pixel Footprint of Satellite Albedo Products Derived from MODIS Reflectance in the Heihe River Basin, China
Authors: Peng Jingjing , Liu Qiang , Wang Lizhao , Liu Qinhuo , Fan Wenjie , Lu Meng , Wen Jianguang
Published: May 2015

The adjacency effect and non-uniform responses complicate the precise delimitation of the surface support of remote sensing data and their derived products. Thus, modeling spatial response characteristics (SRCs) prior to using remote sensing information has become important. A point spread function (PSF) is typically used to describe the SRCs of the observation cells from remote sensors and is always estimated in a laboratory before the sensor is launched. However, research on the SRCs of high-order remote sensing products derived from the observations remains insufficient, which is an obstacle to converting between multi-scale remote sensing products and validating coarse-resolution products. This study proposed a method that combines simulation and validation to establish SRC models of coarse-resolution albedo products. Two series of commonly used 500-m/1-km resolution albedo products, which are derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) reflectance data, were investigated using 30-m albedo products that provide the required sub-pixel information. The analysis proves that the size of the surface support of each albedo pixel is larger than the nominal resolution of the pixel and that the response weight is non-uniformly distributed, with an elliptical Gaussian shape. The proposed methodology is generic and applicable for analyzing the SRCs of other advanced remote sensing products.
An Optical Biosensor from Green Fluorescent Escherichia coli for the Evaluation of Single and Combined Heavy Metal Toxicities
Authors: Futra Dedi , Heng Lee , Ahmad Asmat , Surif Salmijah , Ling Tan
Published: May 2015

A fluorescence-based fiber optic toxicity biosensor based on genetically modified Escherichia coli (E. coli) with green fluorescent protein (GFP) was developed for the evaluation of the toxicity of several hazardous heavy metal ions. The toxic metals include Cu(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Cr(VI), Co(II), Ni(II), Ag(I) and Fe(III). The optimum fluorescence excitation and emission wavelengths of the optical biosensor were 400 ± 2 nm and 485 ± 2 nm, respectively. Based on the toxicity observed under optimal conditions, the detection limits of Cu(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Cr(VI), Co(II), Ni(II), Ag(I) and Fe(III) that can be detected using the toxicity biosensor were at 0.04, 0.32, 0.46, 2.80, 100, 250, 400, 720 and 2600 μg/L, respectively. The repeatability and reproducibility of the proposed biosensor were 3.5%–4.8% RSD (relative standard deviation) and 3.6%–5.1% RSD (n = 8), respectively. The biosensor response was stable for at least five weeks, and demonstrated higher sensitivity towards metal toxicity evaluation when compared to a conventional Microtox assay.
Airborne Relay-Based Regional Positioning System
Authors: Lee Kyuman , Noh Hongjun , Lim Jaesung
Published: May 2015

Ground-based pseudolite systems have some limitations, such as low vertical accuracy, multipath effects and near-far problems. These problems are not significant in airborne-based pseudolite systems. However, the monitoring of pseudolite positions is required because of the mobility of the platforms on which the pseudolites are mounted, and this causes performance degradation. To address these pseudolite system limitations, we propose an airborne relay-based regional positioning system that consists of a master station, reference stations, airborne relays and a user. In the proposed system, navigation signals are generated from the reference stations located on the ground and are relayed via the airborne relays. Unlike in conventional airborne-based systems, the user in the proposed system sequentially estimates both the locations of airborne relays and his/her own position. Therefore, a delay due to monitoring does not occur, and the accuracy is not affected by the movement of airborne relays. We conducted several simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. Based on the simulation results, we demonstrated that the proposed system guarantees a higher accuracy than airborne-based pseudolite systems, and it is feasible despite the existence of clock offsets among reference stations.
Phenological Changes of Corn and Soybeans over U.S. by Bayesian Change-Point Model
Authors: Shen Yonglin , Liu Xiuguo
Published: May 2015

In this paper, a Bayesian change-point model was used to examine the phenological changes in the predominant crop producing states of U.S over a 33-year period (1981–2013). Changes of phenological observation were categorized into a no-change model and two change models. The change point and intensity of shifts were subsequently estimated under the selected change model. The experiments were conducted in the cropping regions using the state-level crop progress reports issued by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The results demonstrated that the planted, silking and mature stages of corn were significantly advanced under the change models; the vegetative period was shortened, and the reproductive and growing seasons were lengthened. The soybean phenological metrics followed a similar trend as that of corn, even though more states tended to change under a change model. The underlying drivers of such abrupt changes may be the confounding effects of crop breeding, agronomic management and climate change. Specific events, such as the adoption of genetically engineered crops in 1996–1997, can partly explain the changes in phenology. A comparison with the breakpoints function and Pettitt method demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the Bayesian change-point model on crop phenological change detection.
Teaching Scenario-Based Planning for Sustainable Landscape Development: An Evaluation of Learning Effects in the Cagliari Studio Workshop
Authors: Albert Christian , Von Haaren Christina , Vargas-Moreno Juan , Steinitz Carl
Published: May 2015

This paper investigates the contributions of an intensive educational workshop to advance students’ understanding and skills for collaborative, scenario-based landscape planning. The research design involves a case study workshop with thirty international students and several regional experts as well as a multi-stage, in-process evaluation. The workshop resulted in six different alternative futures for the region of Cagliari, Italy, and a seventh combined version that was considered best by regional reviewers. The students’ learning evaluation showed substantial advances in their relevant understanding and skills. Key aspects of the workshop pedagogy and the evaluation are discussed, and recommendations for future applications presented.
Foreword: All things considered about probiotics, prebiotics and ıntestinal microbiota in children – from bench to bedside
Authors: Ozen Metehan , Dinleyici Ener Cagri
Published: May 2015

There are numerorus published and ongoing experimental/clinical studies about probiotics and prebiotics, intestinal microbiota and nutrition. Three years ago, at the first International Symposium of Probiotics Prebiotics in Paediatrics in Istanbul (2012) we highlighted the ‘paediatric perspective’ on these issues and brought together more than 40 global key opinion leaders and 400 attendants to have a chance to extensively discuss the past, present and the future. In 2014, the second state of art congress, held in Antalya, aimed to discuss the gut microbiota and microbiotics and their impact through lifespan. Selected papers of this conference are presented in this special issue ‘prebiotics and probiotics in paediatrics’ of Beneficial Microbes. A summary of the conference results is provided below.
Home Health Care Nurse Interactions With Homebound Geriatric Patients With Depression and Disability
Authors: Liebel Dianne V. , Powers Bethel Ann , Hauenstein Emily J.
Published: May 2015

Building therapeutic nurse–patient relationships is pivotal to the provision of optimum nurse care management for geriatric home health care (HHC) patients. However, little is known about which strategies most effectively treat older adult HHC patients with concomitant depression and disability. This qualitative descriptive study was conducted in two parts to explore the issue further. The first part involved interviews regarding HHC nurse perceptions of geriatric depression and disability care management. The second part, which is the focus of the current analysis, describes HHC nurses’ use of care management and therapeutic strategies during home visits. Observation of nurse–patient interactions involved 25 nurse home visits to HHC patients 60 and older who had depression and disability. Drawing on clinical knowledge and interpersonal skills, nurses built relationships and fostered trust. However, despite their abilities to make these connections, multiple missed opportunities occurred for nurses to engage in more productive interactions. Four training components to support improvement of nurse–patient therapeutic relationships are described and recommended.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2015; 8(3):130–139.]
Adapting Telemonitoring Technology Use for Older Adults: A Pilot Study
Authors: Williams Kristine , Pennathur Priya , Bossen Ann , Gloeckner Alexander
Published: May 2015

Telehealth technologies are increasing health care access for patients in the home and in community, rural, and underserved areas. Older adults may be challenged to use new technologies due to aging-related changes, lack of experience, and different attitudes toward their use. The current pilot study evaluated potential issues in one-on-one training/instructions and use of a telemonitoring application. Older adults may benefit from specific adaptations and training to use new health care technologies, and behavioral coding is an effective way to evaluate the user interface for new technologies. Feedback from the current study will be used to adapt the application and training to support dementia caregivers.
[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2016; 9(1):17–23.]
Role of Advance Care Planning in Proxy Decision Making Among Individuals With Dementia and Their Family Caregivers
Authors: Kwak Jung , De Larwelle Jessica A. , Valuch Katharine O'Connell , Kesler Toni
Published: May 2015

Health care proxies make important end-of-life decisions for individuals with dementia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to examine the role of advance care planning in proxy decision making for 141 individuals with cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, or other types of dementia. Proxies who did not know the preferences of individuals with dementia for life support treatments reported greater understanding of their values. Proxies of individuals with dementia who did not want life support treatments anticipated receiving less support and were more uncertain in decision making. The greater knowledge proxies had about dementia trajectory, family support, and trust of physicians, the more informed, clearer, and less uncertain they were in decision making. In addition to advance care planning, multiple factors influence proxy decision making, which should be considered in developing interventions and future research to support informed decision making for individuals with dementia and their families.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2016; 9(2):72–80.]
An NGO's Efforts to Empower Ex-Convicts in Botswana
Authors: Joseph Molefe Coper
Published: May 2015

This chapter presents a case-study drawn from a qualitative study which explored how non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Botswana perceive and respond to recent global emphasis to engage men as stakeholders in gender and development so as to achieve gender equality and to empower women. This case-study was purposively selected from sixteen focus group discussions held with different organizations across the country. The chapter specifically looks at efforts by the Botswana Institute of Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Offenders (BIRRO), an NGO established by a group of rehabilitated ex-convicts to empower other ex-convicts by way of facilitating their re-integration into society. They established this NGO after realizing that the rate of reoffending is high due to negative stereotypes attached to ex-convicts. Despite facing some challenges, BIRRO is trying to counteract the disenfranchising criminal identity which members of the public attach to people who once committed a crime.
A Narrative Description of Disclosing Sensitive Information to Empower an HIV/AIDS Infected or Affected Child
Authors: Magama Mmule , Sabone Motshedisi B. , Letshwiti-Macheng Pelonomi
Published: May 2015

Failure to disclose sensitive information to a child is a source of emotional trauma. The consequences include inability to respond to life challenges and impaired productivity. In this case, concealing sensitive information is a form of disempowerment that can result in poor adherence to therapy and resistance to the use of existing support systems. Disempowerment is displayed through disruptive behaviour, low self-esteem, and inability to make constructive decisions. This behaviour flourishes within traditional cultures in which disclosure of sensitive information to a child is considered a taboo in the pretext of protecting the child from emotional pain. Contrary to this view, it is demonstrated in this chapter that disclosure can be empowering. It can lead to self-acceptance and positive thinking that will enable a client to approach life with a positive attitude, and willingness to learn and succeed. Evidently, the child in this chapter demonstrated normal processes of child development, appreciated parental advice, and behaved more responsibly following disclosure of his and his parent's positive HIV status.
‘Net' Social Change
Authors: Dhakal Subas P.
Published: May 2015

The notion of empowerment broadly refers to the ability of actors to fulfil their missions. However, assessing Information and Communication Technology (ICT) specific contributions to this remains an exigent task in the context of grassroots organizations. The objective of this chapter is to analyse the differences in levels of empowerment between ICT adopters and non-adopters Grassroots Environmental Organizations (GEOs) in Perth, Western Australia. The chapter draws on organizational empowerment theory and proposes an evaluation framework to assess ICT-mediated empowerment for sustainable development. Utilizing a survey of GEOs and interviews with leaders, the chapter unravels the contributions of ICTs in enabling these grassroots actors. The chapter ends with the discussion on the need for overcoming digital divide and recommends strategic support for GEOs that are either not able to or not willing to keep up with the emerging trend of ICTs.
Inter Laboratory Comparison of Testing Procedure of CIPP Liners According EN ISO 11296-4
Authors: Cigler Otakar , Waldstein Petr , Kubečka Karel
Published: May 2015

One of the widely used and most popular rehabilitation technics for trenchless sewer rehabilitation is currently CIPP (Cured-in-Place-Pipes) liners. This process was accelerated with the standardization of the CIPP liners and also due to intensive quality assurance which is highly developed especially in Germany. The quality control and quality assurance is generally ruled according EN ISO 11296-4 which is not fully sufficient as our research has shown.
Measurement of Air Traffic Control Students Proportion Depending on their Attitude to Risk at 10-km. Flight Norms Violation
Authors: Borsuk Sergii Pavlovich
Published: May 2015

According to ICAO SHELL [1] model air traffic control (ATC) process may be described as complex structure. This structure involves human operator work that brings in the human factor problems. Those problems are caused by the psycho-physiological properties of human and require special treatment. Many efforts are applied to increase human stress resistance, improve working procedures and others. However one of the topics that are paid less attention is ATC operators personal attitude to risks. To determine ATC risk attitude it is important to work both with experienced operators and with ATC students to compare results and analyze them in dynamics.
Multi-Train Movement Simulation Using MATLAB Object-Oriented Programming
Authors: Sumpavakup Chaiyut , Kulworawanichpong Thanatchai
Published: May 2015

This paper is to demonstrate the use of MATLAB Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) for developing Multi-Train Movement Simulation (MTMS). Dynamic performance of the train movement is modeled with the help of Newton’s law of motion. Train movement in this work is based on a sequence of four operating modes: i) accelerating mode, ii) constant speed or cruising mode, iii) coasting mode and iv) braking mode. The design concept of a train movement class is described with its properties and methods. To evaluate its use, the proposed train movement simulator developed here is tested against Bangkok Transit System (BTS) – Sky Train Silom Line. This system has the service distance of 13-km and is fed by seven 750-V DC power sources through its 3rd rail. The results showed the effectiveness of the proposed simulator.
Tensile and Impact Strength of Coir Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: Effect of Different Temperature Conditions
Authors: Salleh Z. , Hyie Koay Mei , Yunus Syarifah , Taib Y.M. , Berhan M.N. , Kalam Anizah
Published: May 2015

This study focuses on tensile properties and impact strength of coir fibre reinforced polypropylene composites under influences of fibre loading and various temperatures conditions. All samples were fabricated by using hot-press technique. Tensile and izod impact samples were prepared in accordance to the standard specifications as closely as possible. Three different ratios of fibre with matrix which were 10%, 20% and 30% were studied. The results revealed that 20% volume fraction of coir fibre demonstrated optimum tensile and impact properties. Significance reduction of impact strength under low temperature condition had been shown for all composites due to the brittleness of both fibre and matrix.
Effect of Single Based Binder Palm Stearin on Sintered Properties of Hydroxyapatite Scaffold
Authors: Abd Aziz Siti Norazlini , Abu Bakar Mimi Azlina , Muhammad Hussain Ismail
Published: May 2015

This paper reports on the compatibility of hydroxyapatite (HAP) combined with single based binder, palm stearin for ceramic injection molding in order to obtain the best properties. The feedstock was prepared at a powder loading of 62 Vol % using 5μm fine ceramic powder of hydroxyapatite and the binders consisting of 100% of palm stearin. The specimens underwent thermal de-binding and then sintered in an electrical furnace within a temperature range from 500°C to 1000°C. The resulting exhibit promising properties which the final product produced after the sintering process was successfully tested by mechanical testing. It is proven that even the specimen only consists of single based binder can form a complex shape without collapse just like the specimen obtained by the conventional binder system. Therefore, the fabrication also is more towards green processing technology and energy conservation due to the binder used was from natural local resources and used lower processing temperature at 50°C to 70°C for mixing and injection molding.
The Study of the Synchronization Process in the Gearbox with Automatic Control
Authors: Blokhin Aleksandr , Denisenko Elena , Kropp Abram , Nedialkov Arcady
Published: May 2015

The paper presents theoretical dependences to calculate the main parameters of the pneumatic actuator of the multi-stage manually synchronized transmission depending on the parameters of the engine, the transmission and conditions of running resistance during the synchronization process at alternating pressure with different types of the air discharge into the pneumatic cylinder: critical, subcritical and at constant pressure. Comparison of results theoretical and experimental studies on the test stand shows that the calculated values of synchronization time on certain stages and throughout the cycles of the transmission shifting differ from the experimental data by 10-25% maximum.
To the Question of Determining the Plasticity Zones of a Welded Joint of Large Diameter Pipes
Authors: Pashkov Yuriy Ivanovich , Ivanov Mikhail Alekhsandrovich , Bezgans Yuriy Viktorovich , Bezgans Tatyana Vladimirovna
Published: May 2015

There was performed the analysis of a set of methodical solutions for determining of current and limit plasticity of welded joint zones at large diameter pipes. To determine the current plastic deformation of zones of pipes' welded joints it is offered to test the natural ring of a height of 80 mm, of a pipe with size 530x7,5 mm made of steel 17GS, welded by arc welding using a welding wire SV-08HM under a layer of flux AN-60. The ring samples are tested in the cone, the constructive dimensions of which match the cone used on the expander by the definite value of broadening on the hydraulic press with the force not less than 500 tons.
The results of tests of ring samples of welded pipe with size 530х7,5 mm while their broadening by the cone. To determine the limit of plastic deformation of zones of a welded joint of large diameter pipes a method for testing a flat sample is proposed. The construction of the sample and the scheme of loading to determine the limit plasticity of welded pipe joints are proposed.
Fault Source Characterization of Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis for the Sites of Offshore Wind Turbine in Taiwan
Authors: Pan Cheng Yu , Wu Yuan Chieh
Published: May 2015

During seismic hazards, offshore wind turbine structures do not have direct effects on people's safety; however, the seismic design is still important to prevent heavy damage on structure. The seismic design of offshore wind turbine has been discussed in some previous studies. Based on the result of those studies, we further modified the seismic source, especially on active faults in west foot hill zone. Of all the active faults in this area, we choose five which lie nearby the sites to make the modification. A logic tree has been set to avoid overlapping and derive an accurate recurrence model of the seismic source used in PSHA. This study is just a preliminary result of PSHA in wind turbine sites, Chunan and Chanbin, there are still several adjustments need to be done.
Fracture Parameters of Fly Ash and GGBS Based Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Gunneswara Rao Tippabhotla D. , Alfrite P. , Mallikarjuna Rao G. , Andal Mudimby
Published: May 2015

Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is a new construction material in which cement is totally replaced by calcined source materials fly ash and GGBS. Geopolymer utilization reduces or eliminates the use of cement whose production produces a lot of carbon dioxide. Usually fly ash as a source material for the geopolymer. The behavior of GPC has to be studied in detail to check its suitability in construction industry. In the present study, the fracture behavior of geopolymer concrete is investigated and compared. Three-point bending test on notched prisms with a/d (notch depth/beam depth) ratios 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 are considered. The values of Critical load, fracture toughness, fracture energy and ductility are presented. The test results of total of 27prisms, 6cubes, 18 cylinders with M30 grade geopolymer concrete and conventional concrete (OPC) of same grade are presented in this paper. The test results indicated that the characteristic length of GPC is about 25% more than that of conventional concrete.
Seismic Response for a Reinforce Concrete Specimen Considering Corrosive Hazards
Authors: Lin Wei Ting , Wu Yuan Chieh , Cheng An , Lee Tzu Ying
Published: May 2015

This study is aim to evaluate the dynamic response variation of the scale-down reinforced concrete frame specimen under accelerated corrosion conditions. The specimens achieved the accelerated corrosion test by immersing in the accelerated corrosion test. Open circuit potential, corrosion rate, natural frequencies, displacements, accelerations and response spectral curves were tested and discussed. Test results presented that the corroded reinforced concrete specimens presented the changes in the dynamic response especially natural frequencies and response spectrum. This study provided further insight on the variation of seismic response behaviors in the deteriorated reinforced concrete structures and hoped to useful for structural assessments and appraisals applied to full-scale structures.
Shear Strength of the Perfobond Connection of a Steel-Concrete Composite Slim Floor System
Authors: Rhim Hong C. , Lee Kwang Ho , Jang Won Seok , Jeong Seong Hoon , Kim Dae Jin , Park Jong Hwan
Published: May 2015

The use of steel-concrete composite members has been significantly increased as they have the advantages of the reduction of cross sectional areas, excellent ductility against earthquake loadings and a longer life span than typical steel frame members. In this paper, push-out tests were performed on six specimens to investigate the structural behavior and shear strength of perfobond connection of a steel-concrete composite slim floor system. An equation to theoretically estimate the shear strength of the perfobond connection is proposed, and its accuracy is examined by comparing its predictions with the test results. A finite element analysis model is also developed and used to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strength equation.
Technology and Conclusions from Long-Term Monitoring of Large Span Roof Timber Construction
Authors: Bures Jiří , Švábenský Otakar , Kalina Marek
Published: May 2015

The paper includes conclusions from evaluation of results obtained from long-term measuring of innovative atypical roof timber structures. Based on the results of measurements of vertical and horizontal deformation components it is possible to analyze the real behaviour of structures in given conditions. By assessing deformations in various stages, including particularly external and internal environment temperatures, relative air humidity and wood moisture content, decisive parameters for real structure behaviour can be established. The data processed are from period 2001 – 2013.
The Life Cycle Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Emission of Four Major Sewage Treatment Plants in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Yu Sheng
Published: May 2015

The sewage comes from buildings is drained into public sewers. The sewage is then treated in a sewage treatment plant to meet the sanitation standards before being discharged to the water cycle in nature. The sewage treatment process consumes energy and produce CO2. In this research, the idea of streamlined life cycle assessment was applied. The CO2 emission of sewage treatment was assessed from direct energy consumption of four major sewage treatment plants in Taiwan. The results show that the unit CO2 emission of sewage treatment calculated from four plants is 0.174 kg-CO2/m3. The CO2 emission at in-plant sewage treatment stage takes more than 95% of total CO2 emission for most plants. The results suggest that CO2 emission of sewage treatment can be calculated from energy consumption at in-plant sewage treatment stage to simplify the calculation. This database will be important reference for water resource research.
Finite Element Analysis of Non-Uniform Beam Made of Axially FGM Subjected to Multiple Loads
Authors: Trinh Thanh Huong , Gan Buntara Sthenly , Nguyen Dinh Kien
Published: May 2015

The dynamic response of non-uniform Timoshenko beams made of axially functionally graded materials subjected to multiple moving point loads is studied by using the finite element method. The material properties are assumed to vary continuously in the axial direction according to a power law. A beam element, taking the effects of shear deformation and cross-sectional variation into account, is formulated by using exact polynomials obtained from the governing differential equations of a homogenous Timoshenko beam element. The dynamic responses of the beams are computed by using the implicit Newmark method. The numerical results show that the dynamic characteristics of the beams are greatly influenced by the number of moving loads. The effects of the distance between the moving loads, material non-homogeneity, section profile as well as aspect ratio on the dynamic response of the beams are investigated in detail and highlighted.
Large Amplitude Free Vibration of Nanobeams Subjected to Magnetic Field Based on Nonlocal Elasticity Theory
Authors: Chang Tai Ping
Published: May 2015

In the present study, nonlinear free vibration behavior of nanobeam subjected to magnetic field is investigated based on Eringen's nonlocal elasticity and Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The Hamilton's principle is adopted to derive the governing equations together with Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and the von-Kármán's nonlinear strain–displacement relationships. An approximate analytical solution is obtained for the nonlinear frequency of the nanobeam under magnetic field by using the Galerkin method and He's variational method. In the numerical results, the ratio of nonlinear frequency to linear frequency is presented. The effect of nonlocal parameter on the nonlinear frequency ratio is studied; furthermore, the effect of magnetic field on the nonlinear free vibration behavior of nanobeam is investigated.
Design and Simulations of Water Purification Heating System in Cold Rural Areas
Authors: Tan Yu Fei , Li Zhi Gao , Bai Li
Published: May 2015

Biological treatment process of water purification often cannot be completed under low temperature in northern rural areas. On the basis of determining the thermal characteristics of clarification pool and biofilter pool of the purification systematically, we designed and proposed a purification heating system in which solar collector and straw boiler run in parallel, and further built the mathematical model of purification. We simulated heating effect on clarification pool and biofilter pool when heating pipes were placed in different locations by using Fluent. It indicated that, the heating system mentioned in this article allows the temperature in clarification pool and biofilter pool of the purification meeting the demands of water treatment, thus the system has theoretical significance and value of engineering generalization.
Centrifuge Modeling on Pile Behavior Subjected to Cyclic Lateral Loadings
Authors: Hung Wen Yi , Lee Chung Jung , Lin Yu Ting
Published: May 2015

Cyclic loadings would cause the failure of pile foundation which was leading to many studies in the past. In this study, 6 centrifuge models were conducted in the acceleration field of 80 g. In order to simulate the off-shore wind turbine foundation embedded in soft deposit and subjected to lateral forces such as strong wind and waves. The pile was embedded in the dry or saturated soil deposit, and the different elevation of lateral force was applied to the pile foundation. From the tests, it was found 1% of pile head displacement suggested in the design guide is conservative.
A Novel Auto-Focus Measurement System for Mesh Membrane
Authors: Chen Chin Sheng , Weng Chi Min , Lin Chih Jer , Liu Hsiao Wei
Published: May 2015

In this paper, we develop the auto-focus measurement system which includes the hardware and software systems. The hardware system is composed of both modules of the motion stage and the auto-focus optic-mechanism. And the software system consists of two phases: (1) training the response surface model (RSM) for auto-focus technology in offline phase and (2) automatically capturing mesh images by RSM and robustly measuring holes by the area-based diameter (ABD) and average diameter (AD) in online phase. The experiments presented that the proposed auto-focus technology using RSM can effectively obtain the correct focusing position. The accuracy of the diameter on a hole can reach up at most 0.891 μm using the above two algorithms. The successful measure rate is almost 98 %; the measure time is averagely 4.8 seconds per mesh. The above results revealed that the proposed system is not only robust for the auto-focus technology but also efficient and effective for the mesh membrane measurement.
Developing a Novel Stereovision Scheme for Improving Accuracy of Depth Estimation in Robotic Vision Systems
Authors: Chen Kuan Yu , Chen Chien Hung , Chien Cheng Chin
Published: May 2015

Acquiring three-dimensional data from a pair of stereo images is called stereovision that has been studied by researchers for decades. However, most of the previous studies on this topic focused on establishment of stereovision parameter matching and made conclusions on the premise of fixed focus. With the rapid development of multimedia technology, varifocal digital cameras have been widely used in many robotic applications recently. In general, error in the depth estimate becomes bigger when the focus and aperture is unknown or not fixed. For that reason, a three-stage framework is proposed in this paper to modify the conventional stereovision model for improving accuracy of depth estimation. The first stage is to modify the computational model of conventional stereovision for varifocal cameras. Then, the spacing of depth interval in non-uniform spacing of discrete depth levels can be altered, in particular, it is unaffected by changes in focal length. Finally, with considering the affine transformation, we add the deformation coefficient into the modified stereovision model for correcting three-dimensional affine deformations. Experimental results demonstrated that the depth estimation from stereo images using the proposed scheme was more accurate than conventional method.
Photoluminescence and Recombination Mechanisms in Nitride-Based Multiple Quantum Wells
Authors: Wu Ya Fen , Lee Jiunn Chyi
Published: May 2015

The InGaN/AlGaN multiple-quantum-well heterostructures were fabricated by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition system with different indium and aluminum content during the growth of InGaN well layers and AlGaN barrier layers. Temperature-and incident-power-dependent photoluminescence were carried out to examine the recombination mechanisms in the heterostructures. Both of the localization effect and quantum-confined Stark effect are considered. From the experimental and theoretical analysis, the dependence of optical characteristics on the temperature and incident-power are consistent with the recombination mechanisms involving band-tail states and the screen of quantum-confined Stark effect.
Structural Performance Evaluation of Built-Up Stub Steel Column with Various Steel Grades under Concentric Loading
Authors: Yang Yang , Lee Kang Min , Oh Keun Yeong , Hong Sung Bin
Published: May 2015

The current local stability criteria (KBC2009, AISC2010) are enacted through theoretical and experimental studies of ordinary steels, but the mechanical properties of high strength steels are different from ordinary steels. The high strength steel in the applicability of design criteria should be needed to review because of increasing market demanding for high strength steel in the high-rise and long span buildings. In this study, stub columns of H-shaped and box section with various steel grades subjected to concentric loading were investigated, and these steels were checked to the applicability of current local stability criteria. The difference between the ordinary steel and high strength steel was compared. As a result of comparison with various steel grades, most specimens were satisfied with the design criteria, but some specimens with lower tensile strength were not reached the required strength. It is considered that the uncertainty of material was the higher when the tensile strength of material was the lower.
Study of the Dynamic Image Stabilizer
Authors: Chang Shyang Jye , Cai Wen Hao
Published: May 2015

Most anti-shake technologies can compensate the hand shake when taking a static picture. When people use the camera in the dim environment, the shutter opening time will be extended to increase exposure. However, the hand shake will cause the photos blurry if the shutter opening time was too long. The hand shake problem is even more serious when people doing the dynamic image recording. In the past years, the mobile phones with the digital camera and portable video camera were developed vigorously. Taking pictures and recording dynamic image have become the basic functions of mobile phones since the development of the 3G mobile phone. While the specifications of cameras become high resolution and high magnification optical zoom, the traditional electronic anti-shake technology will not be applied in the digital camera because of the large amount of computing power. It is also difficult to apply the optical anti-shake technology in thin 3C products because the volume of optical anti-shake module is too large. Thus, developing a new anti-shake technology which can be applied in the thin 3C products to enhance the photo and video quality is very important. In this paper, the image processing technologies will be applied to calculate the motion signal. Then, the voluntary and involuntary motion signals will be separated by the signal separation algorithm, and finally the dynamic image will be reconstruction by compensating the involuntary shake of each frame to enhance the quality of the dynamic image.
Weight Switching Tri-State Median Filter
Authors: Sun Chung Hsun , Wang Chen Ru
Published: May 2015

In this study, a weight switching tri-state median filter (TSM) is proposed for removing impulse noise in both smooth and complicated regions of the dealing images. The switching scheme adopted large center weight while removing impulse noise of the complicate regions and switched to small center weight while dealing with the smooth regions. The smooth and complicated regions were classified according to the statistics information of the dealing image. The quad-tree decomposition was used to reduce classification procedures. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed center weight switching scheme makes the TSM effective in both smooth and complicated regions of images with different noise ratio.
An Innovative and Reliable Wireless Angular Accelerometer Made Directly on a Flexible Substrate without Moving Parts
Authors: Lin Jium Ming , Lin Cheng Hung , Lin Chia Hsien
Published: May 2015

Five novel ideas are proposed in this paper to integrate an active RFID tag with a thermal convection angular accelerometer on a flexible substrate, thus the new device becomes a wireless sensor. The first innovative idea is that this device is without any movable parts, so it is very reliable. The second new idea is that it is made on a flexible substrate, such as plastic or polyimide, the thermal conductivity of the flexible substrate is much lower than silicon, and thus it can save more power and very useful for mobile operation. The third new idea is to apply xenon gas in the chamber to conduct the heat instead of the traditional carbon dioxide, so no oxidation and performance degradation effects will be produced on the heater and thermal sensors. The fourth new idea is to integrate with an active RFID tag on the same substrate, thus the device becomes a more useful wireless angular acceleration sensor. The final new idea is to apply a hemispherical chamber instead of the conventional rectangular one. From the simulation results one can see it is a good idea to apply a non-floating type angular accelerometer with a hemispherical chamber, the sensitivity performance is the best (395K/(rad/sec2)), and the response speed (693μs) is also comparable to the traditional one by using a floating type with a rectangular chamber (593μs). In summary, from the considerations of reliability, cost and performance, the non-floating type angular accelerometer with hemispherical chamber is a better choice.
Apparent Activation Energy for Predicting Compressive Strength of Concrete Using Blast Furnace Slag
Authors: Yang Hyun Min , Cho Myung Won , Park Won Jun , Lee Han Seung
Published: May 2015

Concrete with blast furnace slag (BFS) shows varied strength development properties under general temperature conditions. Therefore, a precise prediction of compressive strength using a full maturity model is desired. The purpose of this study is to predict the compressive strength of concrete with BFS by calculating the apparent activation energy (Ea) for each BFS replacement ratio, applying this activation energy to the equivalent age model, and then using the Carino model. For BFS replacement ratios of 0%, 10%, 30%, and 50%, Ea is calculated as 33.475 kJ/mol, 37.325 kJ/mol, 41.958 kJ/mol and 45.541 kJ/mol respectively. Finally, the compressive strength of concrete with BFS is predicted.
Efficient Calibration Tool for Thermistor Temperature Measurements
Authors: Jeong Doo Hee , Kim Jong Dae , Song Hye Jeong , Kim Yu Seop , Park Chan Young
Published: May 2015

We propose a tool to calibrate the coefficient variables of the Steinhart–Hart equation, which are used in temperature measurement with a negative temperature coefficient thermistor. The previous method modifies the coefficient variables manually, but the proposed tool takes a measured temperature and automatically modifies the coefficient variable. The proposed calibration tool provides a graphical user interface program for the convenience of users. It is applied to the 4-point temperature measurement of polymerase chain reaction and has a degree of precision of ±0.1 °C in the temperature measurement evaluation
Large Non-Ambiguity Range and Precise Absolute Distance Measurement with Dual Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers
Authors: Liu Tze An , Chuang Yi Chen , Lee Hau Wei , Hsu Po Er , Peng Jin Long
Published: May 2015

We employed a gold coated glass cover plate to fabricate dual compact free running fiber laser combs based LIDAR (light detection and ranging) system with tunable difference of repetition rates. Our study shows that the ranging precision is 0.4 μm and the non-ambiguity range is 2.1 m with averaging time of 0.4 s for the distance of 1.09 m by the time-of-flight method. The system with 1 kHz-high update rate and the large non-ambiguity range is potentially useful for manufacturing or machining application applied in absolute distance measurement.
New Lane Departure Warning System Based on Side-View Cameras
Authors: Chiu Cheng Yu , Chang Chih Han , Lin Hsin Jung , Huang Tsong Liang
Published: May 2015

This paper addressed a new lane departure warning system (LDWS). We used the side-view cameras to promote Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). A left side-view camera detected the right lane next to vehicle, and a right side-view camera detected the right lane. Two cameras processed in their algorithm and gave warning message, independently and separately. Our algorithm combined those warning messages to analyze environment situations. At the end, we used the LUXGEN MPV to test and showed results of verifications and tests.
Spatial Evaluation of Roadway Infrastructure for Safety Improvement on Expressways
Authors: Park Shin Hyoung , Jang Ki Tae , Kim Dong Kyu , Kang Seung Mo
Published: May 2015

Identifying hazardous locations on highways is an essential step for safety improvement programs and projects since it provides decision makers with a logical and scientific basis for the allocation of resources in a cost-effective manner. There have been numerous studies conducted to develop suitable methodologies for identifying hazardous locations; however, most of them have not considered spatial interactions which are inherent in traffic accidents. In this paper, we use the GIS-based geographically weighted regression (GWR) that can model crash outcomes and identify hazardous locations on expressways while reflecting the effect of spatial dependency and heterogeneity on the outbreak of traffic accidents. This method has been applied to a case study at Gyeongbu Expressway in Korea with 3-year crash data. Koenker's studentized Bruesch-Pagan and Moran’s I tests confirm the spatial relationship among crash data. The findings indicate that it is proper to model crash frequency with GWR for identifying hazardous locations.