bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photoevaporation of Molecular Clouds in Regions of Massive Star Formation as Revealed through H2 and Brγ Emission
Authors: Carlsten S. G. , Hartigan P. M.
Published: December 2018

We examine new and pre-existing wide-field, continuum-corrected, narrowband images in H2 1-0 S(1) and Brγ of three regions of massive star formation: IC 1396, Cygnus OB2, and Carina. These regions contain a variety of globules, pillars, and sheets, so we can quantify how the spatial profiles of emission lines behave in photodissociation regions (PDRs) that differ in their radiation fields and geometries. We have measured 450 spatial profiles of H2 and Brγ along interfaces between H ii regions and PDRs. Brγ traces photoevaporative flows from the PDRs, and this emission declines more rapidly with distance as the radius of curvature of the interface decreases, in agreement with models. As noted previously, H2 emission peaks deeper into the cloud relative to Brγ, where the molecular gas absorbs far-UV radiation from nearby O stars. Although PDRs in IC 1396, Cygnus OB2, and Carina experience orders of magnitude different levels of ionizing flux and have markedly differing geometries, all of the PDRs have spatial offsets between Brγ and H2 on the order of 1017cm. There is a weak negative correlation between the offset size and the intensity of ionizing radiation and a positive correlation with the radius of curvature of the cloud. We can reproduce both the size of the offsets and the dependencies of the offsets on these other variables with simple photoevaporative flow models. Both Brγ and H2 1-0 S(1) will undoubtedly be targeted in future James Webb Space Telescope observations of PDRs, so this work can serve as a guide to interpreting these images.
ALMA Detection of Extended Millimeter Halos in the HD 32297 and HD 61005 Debris Disks
Authors: MacGregor Meredith A. , Weinberger Alycia J. , Hughes A. Meredith , Wilner D. J. , Currie Thayne , Debes John H. , Donaldson Jessica K. , Redfield Seth , Roberge Aki , Schneider Glenn
Published: December 2018

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1.3 mm (230 GHz) observations of the HD 32297 and HD 61005 debris disks, two of the most iconic debris disks because of their dramatic swept-back wings seen in scattered light images. These observations achieve sensitivities of 14 and 13 μJy beam−1 for HD 32297 and HD 61005, respectively, and provide the highest resolution images of these two systems at millimeter wavelengths to date. By adopting a Markov Chain Monte Carlo modeling approach, we determine that both disks are best described by a two-component model consisting of a broad (ΔR/R > 0.4) planetesimal belt with a rising surface density gradient and a steeply falling outer halo aligned with the scattered light disk. The inner and outer edges of the planetesimal belt are located at 78.5 ± 8.1 au and 122 ± 3 au for HD 32297, and 41.9 ± 0.9 au and 67.0 ± 0.5 au for HD 61005. The halos extend to 440 ± 32 au and 188 ± 8 au, respectively. We also detect 12CO J = 2–1 gas emission from HD 32297 co-located with the dust continuum. These new ALMA images provide observational evidence that larger, millimeter-sized grains may also populate the extended halos of these two disks previously thought to only be composed of small, micron-sized grains. We discuss the implications of these results for potential shaping and sculpting mechanisms of asymmetric debris disks.
Restless Legs Syndrome in Children
Authors: Howard Hilary , Kamat Deepak
Published: December 2018

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common pediatric condition that often goes undiagnosed. The genetics and pathophysiology of this sensorimotor condition are still not well understood. RLS can affect any part of the body, but the thighs and calves are the most commonly affected. Because of unpleasant sensations caused by RLS, these patients experience sleep disturbance and its consequences. The diagnosis of RLS is a clinical one. RLS occurs at a higher frequency and the symptoms are more severe in patients with iron deficiency; therefore, correcting iron deficiency improves the symptoms. Both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions can be effective in the treatment of children with RLS. However, in contrast to adults with RLS, most children with RLS are not treated with pharmacologic agents because the symptoms are not as severe as they are in adults.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2018;47(12):e504–e506.]
Acute Marijuana Intoxication in Children
Authors: Dowd M. Denise
Published: December 2018

As the number of states legalizing marijuana for medical and/or recreational use continues to grow, there are an increasing number of children exposed to marijuana-containing products in homes and communities. Increased exposure leads to a greater probability of accidental ingestion and toxicity. Because marijuana ingestion can cause a dangerous and potentially life-threatening toxicity for children, pediatric health care providers need an increased awareness of the danger. This article describes the growing problem and outlines clinical management as well as prevention.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2018;47(12):e474–e476.]
Viejas lecturas para nuevos lectores. Los Baladros castellanos y las reescritura y actualización de la literatura artúrica en el final de la Edad Media
Authors: Gutiérrez García Santiago
Published: December 2018

El Baladro del sabio Merlín (editado en 1498 y 1535) constituye uno de los ejemplos más destacados de la recepción de la literatura artúrica en la Península Ibérica durante el final de la Edad Media. El Baladro desciende de la sección central del ciclo de la Post-Vulgata –o Merlin–, compuesto en Francia entre 1230 y 1240, en un contexto cultural e ideológico muy diferente del castellano de los siglos XV y XVI. Por ese motivo, los textos hispánicos fueron sometidos a una serie de modificaciones, que buscaban la adecuación de la obra al horizonte de expectativas de su nuevo público. Esto conllevó la reinterpretación de ciertos pasajes, de acuerdo con la ideología del contexto de recepción y su consiguiente reescritura. El presente trabajo analiza el capítulo en el que se relata la entronización del rey Arturo y cómo estos procedimientos de reescritura conllevaron una reinterpretación de los conceptos sociales y políticos a los que allí se alude.
El conflicte de Mir Geribert en el marc de la feudalització del Penedès (1041-1058)
Authors: Lluch Bramon Rosa
Published: December 2018

Al llarg del segle XI i a diversos llocs d’Europa, es van produir assalts de nobles contra els poders polítics establerts en el que va ser batejat com a revoltes feudals. Al sud del comtat de Barcelona, Mir Geribert, un noble i senyor de castells del Penedès, va desafiar el poder del comte Ramon Berenguer I entre 1041 i 1058. L’objectiu d’aquest article és analitzar aquest enfrontament, les seves implicacions i la seva resolució, partint d’una nova edició de documents i de les aportacions de la historiografia anterior. Arreu d’Europa el resultat va ser el mateix: el feudalisme s’havia imposat.
De fructibus tuis refice matrem meam: el milagro de la palmera como alegoría del comitente en el claustro de Sant Benet de Bages
Authors: Olañeta Molina Juan Antonio
Published: December 2018

En un capitel del claustro del monasterio de Sant Benet de Bages aparece representado, en modo de secuencia, el episodio apócrifo del milagro de la palmera. En otra cesta del claustro, una escena similar muestra al promotor laico de la obra, identificado por una inscripción. En esta escena se crea un interesante paralelismo simbólico entre la imagen del donante y la palmera, el cual tiene por objetivo poner de manifiesto el premio que espera a quienes contribuyen pecuniariamente con la Iglesia: la salvación del alma. Posiblemente, buena parte de los capiteles del claustro podrían tener alguna relación con los cortejos fúnebres de los laicos allí enterrados. El capitel con el milagro de la palmera fue reproducido en el siglo XX y alguna de sus copias ha sido considerada como pieza auténtica.
Political Economy of Media Entrepreneurship
Authors: Girija Sreekala
Published: December 2018

The rise in internet penetration and the growing number of digital device users have spurred a new wave of digital media entrepreneurship in India. In a media landscape dominated by corporate controlled mainstream news media that are susceptible to commercial and political pressures, some of these digital news media start-ups claim to offer news as a public service devoid of any corporate funding and profit-orientation. But how does the technology-aided public service news model work and what are its challenges? Using a case study of IndiaSpend, a not-for-profit digital news media start-up, this paper examines the public service news model. A critical analysis of the data collected through interviews and texts shows that IndiaSpend's business model reinforces hegemony as it is dependent on corporate funding and technology corporations. In the absence of public funding and government support, it is difficult to sustain such a model.
Volitional Preemptive Abdominal Contraction and Upper Extremity Muscle Latencies During D1 Flexion and Scaption Shoulder Exercises
Authors: Scott Ramonica , Yang Hyung Suk , James C. Roger , Sawyer Steven F. , Sizer Phillip S.
Published: December 2018

Context

The abdominal-bracing maneuver, a volitional preemptive abdominal contraction (VPAC) strategy, is commonly used during resisted shoulder exercises. How VPAC affects shoulder-muscle function during resisted shoulder exercise is unknown.

Objective

To identify the effects of VPAC on selected parascapular and glenohumeral muscles during specific shoulder exercises with or without resistance.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Clinical biomechanics research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Twenty-two asymptomatic volunteers between 18 and 40 years of age.

Intervention(s)

Participants performed arm elevation in scaption and D1 shoulder-flexion (D1F) patterns with and without resistance and VPAC.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Electromyography was used to test the muscle-contraction amplitudes and onset timing of the anterior deltoid, posterior deltoid, upper trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior. Muscle-response amplitudes were quantified using root mean square electromyography. Shoulder-muscle relative-onset timing was quantified in reference to kinematic elbow-movement initiation.

Results

The VPAC increased serratus anterior amplitude during D1F (P < .001) and scaption (P < .001) and upper trapezius amplitude (P < .001) in scaption. All muscle amplitudes increased with resistance. The VPAC decreased muscle-onset latencies for the anterior deltoid (P < .001), posterior deltoid (P = .008), upper trapezius (P = .001), lower trapezius (P = .006), and serratus anterior (P = .001) during D1F. In addition, the VPAC decreased muscle-onset latencies for the anterior deltoid (P < .001), posterior deltoid (P = .007), upper trapezius (P < .001), lower trapezius (P < .001), and serratus anterior (P < .001) during scaption.

Conclusions

The VPAC affected only the parascapular muscles that had the greatest scapular-stabilizing roles during the specific open chain movement we tested. It decreased latencies in all muscles. These neuromuscular changes may enhance the stability of the shoulder during D1F and scaption exercises.
Combined effects of boundary layer dynamics and atmospheric chemistry on aerosol composition during new particle formation periods
Authors: Hao Liqing , Garmash Olga , Ehn Mikael , Miettinen Pasi , Massoli Paola , Mikkonen Santtu , Jokinen Tuija , Roldin Pontus , Aalto Pasi , Yli-Juuti Taina , Joutsensaari Jorma , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku , Lehtinen Kari E. J. , Worsnop Douglas R. , Virtanen Annele
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Characterizing aerosol chemical composition in response to
meteorological changes and atmospheric chemistry is important to gain
insights into new particle formation mechanisms. A BAECC (Biogenic
Aerosols – Effects on Clouds and Climate) campaign was conducted during the
spring 2014 at the SMEAR II station (Station for Measuring Forest
Ecosystem–Aerosol Relations) in Finland. The particles were characterized by
a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). A
PBL (planetary boundary layer) dilution model was developed to assist
interpreting the measurement results. Right before nucleation events, the
mass concentrations of organic and sulfate aerosol species were both
decreased rapidly along with the growth of PBL heights. However, the mass
fraction of sulfate aerosol of the total aerosol mass was increased, in
contrast to a decrease for the organic mass fraction. Meanwhile, an increase
in LVOOA (low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosol) mass fraction of the
total organic mass was observed, in distinct comparison to a reduction of
SVOOA (semi-volatile OOA) mass fraction. Our results demonstrate that, at
the beginning of nucleation events, the observed sulfate aerosol mass was
mainly driven by vertical turbulent mixing of sulfate-rich aerosols between
the residual layer and the newly formed boundary layer, while the
condensation of sulfuric acid (SA) played a minor role in interpreting the
measured sulfate mass concentration. For the measured organic aerosols,
their temporal profiles were mainly driven by dilution from PBL development,
organic aerosol mixing in different boundary layers and/or partitioning of
organic vapors, but accurate measurements of organic vapor concentrations
and characterization on the spatial aerosol chemical composition are
required. In general, the observed aerosol particles by AMS are subjected to
joint effects of PBL dilution, atmospheric chemistry and aerosol mixing in
different boundary layers. During aerosol growth periods in the nighttime,
the mass concentrations of organic aerosols and organic nitrate aerosols
were both increased. The increase in SVOOA mass correlated well with the
calculated increase in condensed HOMs' (highly oxygenated organic molecules)
mass. To our knowledge, our results are the first atmospheric observations
showing a connection between increase in SVOOA and condensed HOMs during the
nighttime.
Climate change effects on the hydrology of the headwaters of the Tagus River: implications for the management of the Tagus–Segura transfer
Authors: Pellicer-Martínez Francisco , Martínez-Paz José Miguel
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Currently, climate change is a major concern around the
world, especially because of the uncertainty associated with its possible
consequences for society. Among them, fluvial alterations can be highlighted
in basins whose flows depend on groundwater discharges and snowmelt. This is
the case of the headwaters of the Tagus River basin, whose water resources,
besides being essential for water uses within this basin, are susceptible to
being transferred to the Segura River basin (both basins are in the Iberian
Peninsula). This work studies the possible effects that the latest climate
change scenarios may have on this transfer, one of the most important ones in
southern Europe. In the first place, the possible alterations of the water
cycle of the donor basin were estimated. To do this, a hydrological model was
calibrated. Then, with this model, three climatic scenarios were simulated,
one without climate change and two projections under climate change
(Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 (RCP 4.5) and 8.5 (RCP 8.5)). The
results of these three hydrological modelling scenarios were used to
determine the possible flows that could be transferred from the Tagus River
basin to the Segura River basin, by simulating the water resource
exploitation system of the Tagus headwaters. The calibrated hydrological
model predicts, for the simulated climate change scenarios, important
reductions in the snowfalls and snow covers, the recharge of aquifers, and
the available water resources. So, the headwaters of the Tagus River basin
would lose part of its natural capacity for regulation. These changes in the
water cycle for the climate change scenarios used would imply a reduction of
around 70 %–79 % in the possible flows that could be transferred to the
Segura basin, with respect to a scenario without climate change. The loss of
water resources for the Segura River basin would mean, if no alternative
measures were taken, an economic loss of EUR 380–425 million per year, due
principally to decreased agricultural production.
Variability in individual particle structure and mixing states between the glacier–snowpack and atmosphere in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Dong Zhiwen , Kang Shichang , Qin Dahe , Shao Yaping , Ulbrich Sven , Qin Xiang
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Aerosols affect the Earth's temperature and climate by altering the
radiative properties of the atmosphere. Changes in the composition,
morphological structure, and mixing state of aerosol components will cause
significant changes in radiative forcing in the atmosphere. This work
focused on the physicochemical properties of light-absorbing particles
(LAPs) and their variability through deposition process from the atmosphere
to the glacier–snowpack interface based on large-range observations in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, and laboratory transmission electron microscope
(TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) measurements. The
results showed that LAP particle structures changed markedly in the
snowpack compared to those in the atmosphere due to black carbon
(BC) and organic matter (OM) particle aging and salt-coating condition changes.
Considerably more aged BC and OM particles were observed in the glacier and
snowpack surfaces than in the atmosphere, as the concentration of aged BC
and OM varied in all locations by 4 %–16 % and 12 %–25 % in the
atmosphere, whereas they varied by 25 %–36 % and
36 %–48 % in the glacier–snowpack surface. Similarly, the
salt-coated particle ratio of LAPs in the snowpack is lower than in the
atmosphere. Albedo change contribution in the Miaoergou, Yuzhufeng, and Qiyi
glaciers is evaluated using the SNICAR model for glacier surface-distributed
impurities. Due to the salt-coating state change, the snow albedo decreased
by 16.7 %–33.9 % compared to that in the atmosphere. Such a great change
may cause more strongly enhanced radiative heating than previously thought,
suggesting that the warming effect from particle structure and mixing change
in glacier–snowpack LAPs may have markedly affected the climate on a global
scale in terms of direct forcing in the cryosphere.
Authority and Gender: Flipping the F-Switch
Authors: Tirrell Lynne
Published: December 2018

The very rules of our language games contain mechanisms of disregard. Philosophy of language tends to treat speakers as peers with equal discursive authority, but this is rare in real, lived speech situations. This paper explores the mechanisms of discursive inclusion and exclusion governing our speech practices, with a special focus on the role of gender attribution in undermining women’s authority as speakers. Taking seriously the metaphor of language games, we must ask who gets in the game and whose moves can score. To do this, I develop an eclectic analysis of language games using basic inferential role theory and the concept of a semantic index, and develop the distinction between positional authority and expertise authority, which often conflict for members of oppressed groups. Introducing the concepts of master switches and sub-switches that attach to the index and change scorekeeping practices, I argue that women’s gender status conflicts with our status as authoritative speakers because sex marking in semantics functions as a master switch—“the F-switch”—on the semantic index, which, once thrown, changes the very game. An advantage of using inferentialism for understanding disregard of women’s discursive authority is that it locates the problem in the sanctioned moves, in the deontic structure of norms and practices of scorekeeping, and not primarily in the individual intentions of particular people.
The Institution of Gender-Based Asylum and Epistemic Injustice: A Structural Limit
Authors: Sertler Ezgi
Published: December 2018

One of the recent attempts to explore epistemic dimensions of forced displacement focuses on the institution of gender-based asylum and hopes to detect forms of epistemic injustice within assessments of gender related asylum applications. Following this attempt, I aim in this paper to demonstrate how the institution of gender-based asylum is structured to produce epistemic injustice at least in the forms of testimonial injustice and contributory injustice. This structural limit becomes visible when we realize how the institution of asylum is formed to provide legitimacy to the institutional comfort the respective migration courts and boards enjoy. This institutional comfort afforded to migration boards and courts by the existing asylum regimes in the current order of nation-states leads to a systemic prioritization of state actors’ epistemic resources rather than that of applicants, which, in turn, results in epistemic injustice and impacts the determination of applicants’ refugee status.
Values in Good Caring Relations
Authors: Randall Thomas E.
Published: December 2018

In The Ethics of Care, Virginia Held (2006) explores what values of care might fulfil normative criteria for evaluating the moral worth of relations. Held identifies seven potential values: attentiveness, empathy, mutual concern, sensitivity, responsiveness, taking responsibility, and trustworthiness. Though Held’s work is helpful as a starting point for conceptualizing some normative criteria, two problems need addressing. First, Held does not provide sufficient justification for why these potential values ought to be considered genuine values in the care ethical framework. Second, Held overlooks two other potential values cited in the care literature: competence (Tronto 1993) and respect (Engster 2007). This paper builds upon Held’s work to offer a more coherent understanding of the values of care. It does so by scrutinizing and conceptually organizing the above nine potential values. Of these nine, only four are considered genuine values: attentiveness, mutual concern, responsiveness, and trustworthiness. It is concluded that good caring relations are those that exemplify the four values of care in their deliverance of caring practices.
Reflective Practice for Professional Development Among Nursing Instructors
Authors: Harerimana Boniface
Published: December 2018

Reflective practice among health professionals involves considering and questioning clinical experiences. The process of learning through work involves “reflection-in-action” (the skills of self-awareness, critical analysis, synthesis, and evaluation while executing clinical activities),  and “reflection-on-action” which involves retrospective reviews of the clinical scenarios  experienced by  health professionals (Clouder, 2000; Duffy, 2009). Johns (1995)  suggests that reflective practice is the professional’s ability to understand and learn from work experiences to achieve more effective and satisfying followup work experiences.

Nursing instructors play a crucial role in helping nursing students consolidate taught theories and practice through guided and regular reflection on professional experiences (Duffy, 2009). To be effective guides, nursing instructors require the knowledge and skills necessary to implement reflective practice techniques into their teaching. This workshop actively engages participants in examining reflective practice by building on Gibbs’ (1998) six-step reflective cycle (i.e., description, feelings/thoughts, evaluation, analysis, conclusion, and action plan). The goal is to help instructors develop the necessary abilities to guide reflective practice among their students.
Elasticidade PIB e desemprego no estado de São Paulo: uma aplicação do modelo vetorial de correção de erro (VEC)
Authors: Margarido Mario Antonio
Published: December 2018

Este estudo analisou a relação entre Número de Trabalhadores Desempregados na região metropolitana de São Paulo e o PIB do Estado de São Paulo para o período de janeiro de 2003 até dezembro de 2017. Foram utilizados dados da Fundação Seade. Foi utilizado o Método X-12 para dessazonalizar as séries. Para a determinação da ordem de integração de cada série, foi utilizado o teste de raiz unitária ADF. Para verificar se as variáveis convergem para o equilíbrio no longo prazo, foi utilizado o teste de co-integração de Johansen. A partir do Modelo VEC, foi possível estimar a elasticidade de longo prazo entre PIB e Número de Desempregados. O resultado mostra que para cada 1% de variação no PIB, o desemprego é reduzido em 3,49% no longo prazo, o qual foi estimado como sendo igual a um ano. O resultado da Função de Resposta de Impulso mostra que a partir de um choque no PIB, o desemprego decai por vinte meses e depois se estabiliza, indicando nível de pleno emprego da região metropolitana de São Paulo.
Social Responsible Investments and Performance
Authors: Risalvato Giuseppe , Venezia Claudio , Maggio Federica
Published: December 2018

This research paper shows the growing power of the practices of sustainable finance in the financial markets. The socially responsible investments (SRI), defined as a strategy to select issuers on the basis of both ESG Corporate Responsibility that financial factors, are rising a growing amount of capital. In fact, between 2012 and 2015 the SRI global asset increased of 61%, amounting to 21.4 billion of dollars. The proliferation of ethical indices in the various financial centers of the world is related to a significant growth of assets managed according to an investment strategy that rewards socially responsible companies. After the financial crisis of 2007, ethical or sustainable indices have generally performed better than traditional indices, which they are derived through a selection of stocks that are subject to strict requirements, the author show the performance of ethical finance compared with those of the traditional sector.
Glifosato, trinexapaque-etílico e cloreto de mepiquate no desempenho produtivo de feijão-vagem de crescimento determinado
Authors: Gomes Guilherme Renato , Freiria Gustavo Henrique , Barbosa André Prechlak , Takahashi Lúcia Sadayo Assari
Published: December 2018

Studies aimed at improving production and yield of bush snap beans are desirable; the results may provide growers with new techniques to improve profitability. In the literature, there are few reports on the productive performance of vegetables subjected to doses of glyphosate and plant regulators. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of glyphosate, trinexapac-ethyl, and mepiquat chloride doses on the production components and yield of bush snap beans. We tested various doses: a) glyphosate: 0.0; 18.0; 36.0; 72.0; and 144.0 g acid equivalent (ae) ha-1; b) trinexapac-ethyl: 0.0; 62.5; 125.0; 250.0; and 500.0 g ae ha-1; and c) mepiquat chloride: 0.0; 25.0; 50.0; 75.0; and 100.0 g ae ha-1. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications per treatment. We evaluated plant height, stem diameter, number and mass of pods per plant, mass, length, and diameter of pod, and yield. The analysis of variance was conducted by applying the F test, and the doses were submitted to regression analysis (p < 0.05). Each active ingredient was considered separately. Productive performance was favored by using doses up to 16.0 g ae ha-1 of glyphosate, showing increased pod mass per plant and yield. As trinexapac-ethyl doses increased, the number of pods per plant decreased but mean pod mass increased. Doses of mepiquat chloride up to 59.5 g ae ha-1 increased mean pod mass. Finally, pod yield was not influenced by trinexapac-ethyl and mepiquat chloride.
Divergência genética de jaboticabeiras nativas (Plinia cauliflora) com base na qualidade dos frutos
Authors: Wagner Júnior Américo , Paladini Marcos Villy , Danner Moeses Andrigo , Radaelli Juliana Cristina , Moura Gisely Corrêa de , Kosera Neto Carlos
Published: December 2018

Jaboticaba is a fruit specie widely known in Brazil, with wide commercial acceptance, however it is observed genetic erosion by anthropic action in their habitat. Thus, the objective of this study was to estimate the genetic divergence between native jaboticaba trees, based on physico-chemical characters, as a complementary tool to identify superior genotypes for selection as future cultivar or male parent. To this end, 15 variables were analyzed, linked to physical-chemical and biochemical characteristics of fruits that were harvested in two productive cycles. As a pre-selection, it was adopted the choose of 20% better genotypes that showed the highest frequency of superiority in evaluated characteristics and through genetic divergence select potential parents with their respective subsidiaries hybridizations. The characteristic that has contributed most to the genetic divergence was the equatorial diameter, explaining much of the total variation, thus being the most important component. There were differences among the populations grouped by Tocher method with those obtained with the dendrogram the nearest neighbor clustering method in relation to jaboticabeira plant groups. There was genetic variability among the analyzed jabuticabeira trees, and thus, it is recommended performing hybridization between genotypes 79 with 119 and 96 with 148.
Ocorrência de anticorpos contra Neospora caninum em bovinos e cães oriundo de propriedades produtoras de leite do Norte Central do Estado do Paraná
Authors: Spiti Simone Marins , Barros Luiz Daniel de , Seixas Mércia De , Minutti Ana Flavia , Martins Thais Agostinho , Cunha Filho Luiz Fernando Coelho da , Cardim Sergio Tosi , Kono Isabelli Sayuri , Nino Beatriz De Souza Lima , Bogado Alexey Leon Gomel , Garcia João Luis
Published: December 2018

Neosporosis is one of the principal causes of reproductive problems in cattle worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in cattle and dogs from dairy farms from the central northern region of Paraná state. Blood samples with and without EDTA were collected from 400 cattle and 46 dogs from 20 properties. Nested polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR) was performed on whole blood samples and indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IFR) on the serum samples (after clot retraction). Cattle and dogs with titers ? 100 and ? 50, respectively, were considered positive. Anti-N. caninum was detected in 20,1% (80/400) of cattle, with titers ranging from 100 to 1600. The n-PCR presented only two cattle positives (0.5%). Anti-N. caninum was detected in 19,6% (9/46) of the dogs, with titers ranging from 50 to 6400. The occurrence of antibodies against N. caninum obtained in the present study was similar to those in studies performed in other regions of Paraná and Brazil. The probability of detecting parasitemia in epidemiological studies is a rare event.
Occurrence of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis and Tritrichomonas foetus dna in bulls from Alagoas State, Brazil
Authors: Nascimento Glaucia Grazielle , Oliveira Pollyanne Raysa Fernandes de , Silva Edson Moura da , Mota Rinaldo Aparecido , Pinheiro Junior José Wilton
Published: December 2018

The aim of the present study is to diagnose the occurrence of infections caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis and Tritrichomonas foetus in reproducer bulls from Alagoas State breeders, Brazil. The total of 162 preputial smegma samples were collected from nelore bulls from ten rural properties in the East, Agreste and Sertão mesoregions. The samples were subjected to the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique in order to assess C. fetus subsp. venerealis and Tritrichomonas foetus DNA and cultivated in Modified Diamond Medium (DMM) for Tritrichomonas foetus isolation. Four point nine percent (4.9% - 8/162) of the evaluated bulls were infected with C. fetus subsp. venerealis and 3.0% (5/162) of the sample were infected with T. foetus, which was not isolated in any of the assessed animals. Based on our results, there was C. fetus subsp. venerealis and T. foetus DNA in bulls from Alagoas State, Brazil. Accordingly, it is necessary performing laboratory examinations in animals living in properties breeding animals for reproduction purpose in order to monitor and control such infections.
Eficiência bionutricional e características da carcaça de novilhos confinados recebendo distintas fontes nitrogenadas com milho moído ou inteiro
Authors: Klein John Lenon , Machado Diego Soares , Porsch Renata Volpatto , Brondani Ivan Luiz , Alves Filho Dari Celestino , Moura Amanda Farias de , Cardoso Gilmar Dos Santos , Silva Adrieli Linhat da , Domingues Camille Carijo , Silva Marcelo Ascoli da
Published: December 2018

The objective of this study is to evaluate the bionutritional efficiency and carcass characteristics of confined steers receiving different nitrogen sources associated or not with corn grain processing in the diet. The study used a completely randomized design with a 3?? 2 factorial arrangement. Fifty-three Charolais and Nellore crossbred steers were used, with a mean age of 22 ± 0.23 months and initial weight 250 ± 15.80 kg. The animals were randomly divided into the following treatments: soybean meal + whole corn, soybean meal + milled corn, conventional urea + whole corn, conventional urea + milled corn, slow-release urea + whole corn, and slow-release urea + milled corn. A roughage: concentrate ratio of 50: 50 was used. The steers were confined until reaching a weight of 420 kg. The slaughtering occurred according to the schedule of the commercial slaughterhouse. Feed efficiency was lower in animals receiving slow-release urea than those fed true protein. The steers fed soybean meal presented a higher Kleiber ratio and higher nutritional index compared to those receiving conventional or slow-release urea. The provision of soybean meal promoted higher production of rib meat and meat with a higher L* compared to those receiving urea, and better carcass finish compared to those receiving slow-release urea. Diets with milled corn increased warm and cold carcass yields and decreased weight loss during carcass chilling. Total replacement of soybean meal with conventional or slow-release urea reduced the biological efficiency of steers. The supply of milled corn in the concentrated fraction increased carcass yield.
Caulim e óxido crômico sob diferentes formas de administração em estudo de consumo e digestibilidade
Authors: Ribeiro Caroline Bertholini , Oliveira Luiz Orcirio Fialho de , Morais Maria Da Graça , Fernandes Henrique Jorge , Carneiro Mayara Mitiko Yoshihara , Rocha Raizza Fátima Abadia Tulux , Rocha Débora Tiburcio
Published: December 2018

Animal nutrition needs simple methodologies to be applied under field conditions, providing valid estimates of consumption and digestibility that can be used by both farmers and animal input industry. Thus, the search for new substances, provided in a practical way, quantified by simple and low-cost analytical methodologies, replacing external indicators (chromic oxide used as reference) would be well accepted by the scientific community. In this context, the aim of this study was to assess the supply of chorionic oxide by esophageal route or mixed in the diet and the use of kaolin as an indicator, under the same forms of administration, to estimate fecal production and digestibility using four castrated male Holstein cattle. The experimental design was a 4 × 4 Latin square design, with four experimental periods of 12 days and six-day intervals between periods. Treatments consisted of supplying chromic oxide by esophageal route (COer), kaolin by esophageal route (Kaoer), chromic oxide mixed to the diet (COdiet), and kaolin mixed to the diet (Kaodiet). The treatment Kaodiet allowed obtaining estimates of fecal production similar to the treatment COer. The treatment COdiet did not differ from the treatment COer (p > 0.05) considering all the assessed parameters, evidencing that the indicator chromic oxide can be supplied mixed directly in the diet without damaging the estimates of fecal production and digestibility. Under the studied conditions, kaolin was not an effective indicator to obtain accurate estimates of fecal production and further studies are needed to adjust the analytical techniques of aluminum extraction as well as to resolve some doubts regarding its digestion process.
Suplementação com silagem de milho para ovinos ingerindo azevém anual
Authors: Fonseca Bibiana Lima , Almeida João Gabriel Rossini , Andrade Ederson Américo de , Raupp Gutierri Tales , Ribeiro-Filho Henrique Mendonça Nunes
Published: December 2018

Food intake is determinant in the production process and can be modified when more than one type of forage is supplied in the diet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with corn silage + soybean meal (9:1 based on DM) in the proportion of 10 g DM kg?1 live weight (LW) for lambs receiving pre-dried ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) in two forage supply levels: ad libitum or restricted (60% of the consumption ad libitum). Eight castrated male sheep crosses Texel × Criollo (average of 31.5 ± 2.2 kg LW) were used in an experimental design of 4 × 4 Latin square. Each experimental period was performed for 19 days, with 14 days for adaptation and 5 days for collections. Animals were fed three times a day (08h00, 11h30, and 16h30). Supplemented animals received corn silage at 08h00 and ryegrass silage at 11h30 and 16h30. The substitution rates (kg DM consumed forage per kg DM consumed silage) were 0.93 for animals with a supply of ryegrass ad libitum and zero for those receiving the same in a restricted amount. The digestible OM (DOM) intake and nitrogen retention did not vary with supplementation in animals that received ryegrass ad libitum but increased in those with restricted supply. However, animals with restricted supply and supplemented had a less digestible OM intake and nitrogen retention than the average of those that received ryegrass ad libitum. Organic matter digestibility and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis were not affected by treatments, but the digestibility of NDF and ADF was lower in supplemented animals when compared to those non-supplemented and in restricted supply when compared to consumption ad libitum. Even with supplementation, feed restriction of base forage can limit the daily intake of digestible OM and the daily retention of N in sheep.
Componentes não integrantes da carcaça de novilhos terminados em confinamento recebendo ureia protegida ou agrícola em substituição ao farelo de soja
Authors: Cardoso Gilmar Dos Santos , Pereira Lucas Braido , Martini Ana Paula Machado , Moura Amanda Farias de , Silva Marcelo Ascoli da , Cattelam Patrícia Machado Martini , Klein John Lenon , Druzian Acácio Sanger , Brondani Ivan Luiz , Alves Filho Dari Celestino
Published: December 2018

The effect of termination of steers in a feedlot using the total substitution of soybean meal by slow-release or agriculture urea on the non-carcass components was evaluated. Twenty-seven purebred and Charolais × Nellore castrated crossbred steers (mean age 20 months, mean initial weight 293 kg) were allocated to received concentrates containing slow degradation urea, soybean meal, or agricultural urea. The experimental design was in randomized blocks (breed predominance), with three treatments and nine replicates, with the animal being the experimental unit. Diets did not lead to significant differences in empty body weight (EBW). The similarity between treatments was also verified in relation to EBW/slaughter weight, with mean values of 0.87 for treatments containing urea and 0.88 for soybean meal treatment. The gastrointestinal contents, both in absolute weight and in relation to EBW, were similar between the rations evaluated, with mean values of 54.33 kg and 13.52%, respectively. Steers fed with slow-release urea had a 32.8% higher weight of omasum relative to 100 kg of EBW (P < 0.05) compared to the animals fed with soybean meal.
Rumen parameters and passage rate in cattle fed diets based on sugarcane hydrolyzed with calcium oxide
Authors: Lopes Fernando César Ferraz , Campos Mariana Magalhães , Borges Ana Luiza Da Costa Cruz , Pancoti Carlos Giovani , Silva Ricardo Reis e , Moreira Tainá Silvestre
Published: December 2018

Nine non-lactating Holstein x Gyr cattle were fed with rations based on chopped sugarcane supplied in natura (control) or hydrolyzed (fresh matter basis) for 24 h with 1% or 2% calcium oxide (CaO), which corresponds to 3.1% or 6.2% CaO on a dry matter (DM) basis, respectively. Ruminal parameters (pH and ammonia N, acetate, propionate and butyrate concentrations) as well as the kinetics of fluid and particulate passage in the gastrointestinal tract from cattle were evaluated. A design using three 3 x 3 contemporaneous Latin Squares (LS) was adopted. The studies of kinetics of fluid and particulate passage were performed using the external markers cobalt-EDTA and chromium-mordanted-NDF, respectively. The ruminal parameters were analyzed according to a 3 x 3 LS replicated three times with repeated measures in time using mixed models that included the fixed effects of treatment (level of CaO), time of sampling and their interaction and the following random effects: LS, animal(LS), period of LS and period*animal (LS). The kinetic parameters of fluid and particulate passage were analyzed using mixed models with treatment as a fixed effect and period of LS, animal(LS) and LS as random effects. The linear and quadratic effects of the treatments were analyzed using orthogonal contrasts. Significant differences were declared at P ? 0.05. No treatment*time interaction was observed (P > 0.05) for any ruminal parameter. A linear effect (P = 0.0279) of CaO inclusion on ruminal pH was observed, but there were no effects (P > 0.05) of the treatments on the ammonia N, acetate, butyrate and total volatile fatty acid ruminal concentrations. There was a quadratic effect (P = 0.05) of the addition of CaO on the ruminal propionate concentration. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of the treatments on the particulate rate of passage in the rumen as well as on the mean retention time in this compartment and in the total gastrointestinal tract. On the other hand, the addition of CaO to sugarcane promoted a linear increase (P = 0.0258) in the particulate post-ruminal passage rate and, consequently, a linear reduction (P = 0.0363) of the mean retention time in the cecum-proximal colon. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of the sugarcane hydrolysis with CaO on the ruminal parameters of the kinetics of fluid passage (dilution rate, retention time and turnover rate). The addition of 3.1% or 6.2% CaO on a DM basis (1% or 2% CaO on a fresh matter basis, respectively) of sugarcane does not improve ruminal fermentation, nor does it increase the fluid or particulate passage in the rumen of non-lactating Holstein x Gyr cattle.
Opinião dos agricultores sobre o uso e manejo do solo e sua relação com o retorno da erosão em sistemas de plantio direto
Authors: Furquim Claudia Maria Prado , Silva Adriana Pereira da , Tavares Filho João
Published: December 2018

The non-tillage system (NTS), until now considered an effective management tool for the control of erosion, has gradually increased the loss of soil. The objective of this research is to identify and understand the probable causes of the return of erosion in rural properties under the NTS in three municipalities in northern Paraná. For this research, a questionnaire was used to collect information on soil management and the use of agricultural terraces. Data collection was completed with 145 landowners and NTS users, along with rural extension and agricultural cooperatives. The results demonstrated that the return of erosion is likely due to the absence of crop rotation in favor of repetitive year-to-year planting of the same plant species (early soybean/maize [second harvest]/wheat), soil revolving to decompress the surface layer, and the elimination of agricultural terraces and the consequential downslope planting.
Gastrite atrófica em cão da raça Shih-Tzu - relato de caso
Authors: Mattos André Tobias Marques de , Mascarenhas Nilva Maria Freres , Mattos Mariana Itimura Camargo de , Bordini Carolina Grecco Grano , Saragosa Taísa Schuartz
Published: December 2018

We report the case of a female Shih-Tzu dog with chronic vomiting and hematemesis not responsive to symptomatic treatment. Due to the non-specific clinical signs, the patient underwent endoscopy and biopsy of the gastric mucosa. Histopathological analysis revealed atrophic gastritis, a disease rarely reported in dogs and characterized by the destruction of parietal cells of the mucosa and their replacement by fibrosis. This analysis allowed an adequate treatment based on the administration of corticosteroids by the anti-inflammatory effects and action in the regeneration of parietal cells, associated with a soft, hypoallergenic diet formulated with a low fat content, low digestible fibers, and high contents of complex carbohydrates, which resulted in the resolution of the clinical condition in a few weeks. In a second endoscopy, performed after eight months of treatment, the gastric mucosa presented a pink color, regardless of the degree of distension, no lesions or discontinuity points. Fragments were collected for histopathological analysis, which confirmed the recovery of gastric lesions and restoration of the macroscopically healthy mucosa. Most gastric diseases require histological analysis for a definitive diagnosis. In this context, endoscopy has brought unquestioned benefits to the patient since it allowed an accurate diagnosis with a quick and safe collection of gastric mucosa samples.
A coordenação entre produtores e processadores piscícola no norte do Paraná
Authors: Franco Jheine Oliveira Bessa , Sudré Carolina Andrea Gómez Winkler , Bánkuti Sandra Mara Schiavi , Souza José Paulo de
Published: December 2018

A piscicultura é considerada atividade estratégica para a segurança alimentar sustentável e para o desenvolvimento social de países em desenvolvimento. Assim, o estado do Paraná vem se destacando na produção de peixes deste tipo de cultivo. Contudo, existem entraves para a organização e desenvolvimento desta atividade que podem ser amenizados com uma coordenação eficiente das atividades dos envolvidos nesta SAG. Assim, com a utilização da Teoria da Economia dos Custos de Transação, o presente estudo objetivou compreender as formas de coordenação entre produtores e processadores do SAG piscícola no Norte do Paraná, buscando verificar os atributos transacionados neste sistema, a identificação das estruturas de governança, bem como a existência do alinhamento entre as características das transações e o tipo de estruturas de governança adotado. Para isso, utilizou-se pesquisa qualitativa de cunho descritivo, com o auxílio de pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semi estruturada com representante da EMATER/Pr. Conclui-se, tendo em vista a existência de especificidade de ativos físicos, incerteza de clima e preço e atitudes oportunistas na relação, a estrutura de governança encontrada (mercado) não é uma coordenação adequada.
Green port incentives in the European cruise industry
Authors: Burchacz Marcin , Piotrowicz Jakub
Published: December 2018

This article collects, combines and assess most crucial information regarding practised port dues and incentives in ports which enhance ports’ competitiveness and attract calls of “green” cruise lines. It focuses on the economic and environmental importance of solutions currently used in Europe including Baltic Sea Region with recommendations for the future, presentation of the most crucial and innovative green systems and providing best practices from the other areas.