bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combinatorial Physical Vapor Deposition : A New Methodology for Exploring Eco‐friendly Composition for Halide‐based Resistive Switching Memory
Authors: Lee SangMyeong , Kim Won Bin , Kim Hee Jung , Choi Jin Hyuk , Lee Jae Myeong , Gong Oh Yeong , Jung Hyun Suk
Published: May 2022

Due to the excellent charge mobility and tunable composition engineering, halide materials are being considered as new resistive switching (RS) memory materials. However, conventional halide materials‐based RS memory devices primarily comprise lead‐based compounds and solution‐based processes, implying that researching new compositions for eco‐friendly RS memory one‐by‐one synthesis would be extremely time consuming. This study reports the fabrication of an eco‐friendly RS memory composition using a combinatorial physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique. The fabricated films are classified into three device types: RS memory, write‐only‐read‐many, and insulator device type, based on the mole fraction of bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3). The 0.75BiI3–0.25Bi2S3 mixture devices exhibit reliable and stable RS memory characteristics with an electroforming‐free process. Additionally, the study of cohesive, formation, and migration energies via first‐principles simulations demonstrate that the type of device changes because of their inability to develop and migrate their anion vacancies, implying that the amorphous nature of the device cannot retard the movement of iodine vacancies. This study is the first to investigate a new composition of eco‐friendly halide materials‐based RS memory via the combinatorial PVD method. These findings will serve as a powerful tool for investigating new compositions of eco‐friendly RS memory.
Wine industry perceptions and reactions to the COVID‐19 crisis in the Old and New Worlds: Do business models make a difference?
Authors: Niklas Britta , Cardebat Jean‐Marie , Back Robin M. , Gaeta Davide , Pinilla Vicente , Rebelo João , Jara‐Rojas Roberto , Schamel Guenter
Published: May 2022

The COVID‐19 crisis has severely impacted the wine industry, with producers in different countries affected differently and, therefore, differing in their perceptions toward it. These differing perceptions are assumed to be due to different business models, mainly linked to the distribution system adopted and resulting in varying distances of producers to distributors and consumers. While upstream integration characterizes the Old World, the New World applies a downstream business model, being more closely linked to distributors and consumers and, therefore, more vulnerable to shocks, which should lead to higher perceived impacts of the COVID‐19 crisis. This study analyzes 542 surveys collected from wineries in nine countries, divided into New World, historical Old World, and emerging Old World. Econometric results show statistically significant differences in both the perceived impact of COVID‐19 and wineries' responses in terms of planned investments, with the New World being more affected. A common desire by wineries to direct future investments towards direct‐to‐consumer sales and communication was found, to the detriment of investments in vineyards and cellars. This desire is particularly strong in the New World, in line with their focus on the downstream part of the value chain, underlying their greater reactivity to shocks and capacity to innovate. [EconLit Citations: D22; L21; L66; Q13].
Fine motor skills and motor control networking in developmental age
Authors: Bondi Danilo , Robazza Claudio , Lange‐Küttner Christiane , Pietrangelo Tiziana
Published: May 2022

Objectives

We investigated the relationships between fine motor skills, fitness, anthropometrics, gender and perceived motor performance in school beginners. The aim of our study was to delineate whether and to what extent fine motor control would show meaningful synchrony with other motor variables in the age of onset of handwriting in school.

Methods

A sample of N = 239 of 6‐to‐8‐year‐old children were tested with an array of tasks measuring fine motor (i.e., dexterity and speed) and grapho‐motor performance (tracing on a tablet screen), anthropometric indexes, and fitness (shuttle run) measures. A subset of 95 children was also tested for perceived motor competence.

Results

In spite of an overall poor anthropometric condition, our participants were relatively fit. As expected, older children performed better in both, fine motor tasks and the shuttle test. The girls were better in fine motor skills, and an original speed‐quality trade‐off in the drawing was found. However, the magnitude of difference by grade was greater for boys' fine motor skills than those of girls'. A network analysis revealed three specific clusters, (1) perceived competencies, (2) fitness, and (3) fine motor skills.

Conclusions

Given the relative independence of these areas of physical performance, we suggest focusing on these three clusters as distinct areas of physical education. Fine motor skills deserve further consideration, especially at an early school age. We have demonstrated that network analysis and technology devices used to evaluate motor development are useful and meaningful tools.
Disassociation of social and sexual partner relationships in a gibbon population with stable one‐male two‐female groups
Authors: Huang Xia , Hu Nai‐qing , He Kai , Guan Zhen‐hua , Garber Paul A. , Chapman Colin A. , Jiang Xue‐long , Fan Peng‐fei
Published: May 2022

Adult males living in a one‐male multi‐female social group are expected to try to monopolize copulations with resident females to increase reproductive fitness. Gibbons have traditionally been described as living in monogamous groups, with the sole resident adult male assumed to sire all of the group's offspring. Here, we used microsatellite analyses and behavioral observations to examine rates of extra‐group paternity (EGP) over 16 years in a population of crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor) that form stable and long‐term one‐male two‐female social units. Forty percent of offspring (N = 14) were sired by extra‐group males. To understand this high level of EGP, we tested whether inbreeding avoidance was related to EGP. Females who engaged in EGP did not show larger pairwise relatedness with their resident male compared to females who did not engage in EGP. Nevertheless, the standardized heterozygosity of EGP offspring was significantly higher than for offspring sired by the group's resident male. These results provide partial support for the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis. It appears that resident male crested gibbons are unable to monopolize resident females' matings. Our results indicate that long‐term social partners are often distinct from sexual partners in this population. Clearly, the breeding system of crested gibbons is more flexible than previously thought, indicating a need for integrating long‐term behavioral data and genetic research to re‐evaluate gibbon social and sexual relationships derived from concepts of monogamy and pair‐bonding.
When males have females on their backs: Male's tolerance, solicitation, and use of female–male mounting in Japanese macaques
Authors: Gunst Noëlle , Leca Jean‐Baptiste , Vasey Paul L.
Published: May 2022

Previous research on Japanese macaques has shown that female‐to‐male mounting (FMM) is performed by some females as an exaggerated form of sexual solicitation that may occur in the context of high female competition for male mates. This supernormal courtship behavior functions to prompt subsequent male‐to‐female mounting. In this report, we focused on the male consort partners' responses to FMM. We studied a free‐ranging population of Japanese macaques at Arashiyama, Japan, in which FMM is frequent and prevalent. We analyzed 240 consortships involving 31 females and 19 males. We tested three hypotheses regarding male's tolerance, solicitation, and use of FMM. First, we found that FMM was tolerated by male mountees who were no more likely to aggress their female partners during a short time window around a FMM than they were during the rest of the consortship period. Second, we showed that FMM could be triggered by male recipients, via explicit male‐to‐female sexual solicitations. Third, we found that some males may utilize FMM in a quest for their own sexual stimulation, which sometimes culminated in masturbation by the male during FMM. Our findings indicate that male partners facilitate the expression of FMM both passively (via their tolerance) and actively (via their solicitation). In addition, FMM appears to enhance the sexual arousal of male partners during consortships. We argued that, for females to have expanded their repertoire of sexual solicitations by adopting FMM, male mates must have played a role in the evolutionary origins and maintenance of this nonconceptive but intense and powerful female mating tactic.
Catalytic Atroposelective Electrophilic Amination of Indoles
Authors: Qin Jingyang , Zhou Tong , Zhou Tai‐Ping , Tang Langyu , Zuo Honghua , Yu Huaibin , Wu Guojiao , Wu Yuzhou , Liao Rong‐Zhen , Zhong Fangrui
Published: May 2022

Reported here is the first catalytic atroposelective electrophilic amination of indoles, which delivers functionalized atropochiralN‐sulfonyl‐3‐arylaminoindoles with excellent optical purity. This reaction was furnished by 1,6‐nucleophilic addition top‐quinone diimines. Control experiments suggest an ionic mechanism that differs from the radical addition pathway commonly proposed for 1,6‐addition to quinones. The origin of 1,6‐addition selectivity was investigated through computational studies. Preliminary studies show that the obtained 3‐aminoindoles atropisomers exhibit anticancer activities. This method is valuable with respect to enlarging the toolbox for atropochiral amine derivatives.
Electron and gamma irradiation‐induced effects in poly(ethylene‐co‐tetrafluoroethylene) films
Authors: Hao Lam Hoang , Hieu Dinh Tran Trong , Luan Le Quang , Phuong Huynh Truc , Dinh Van‐Phuc , Tuyen Luu Anh , Hong Pham Thi Thu , Van Man Tran , Tap Tran Duy
Published: May 2022

The effect of high‐energy radiation in poly(ethylene‐co‐tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) films has been extensively investigated. However, the microstructure and molecular changes of the film under different irradiation conditions are less well‐understood. In this study, microstructure and molecular changes in ETFE films induced by gamma and electron irradiation with doses of 0–800 kGy are investigated using FTIR, UV–Vis, XRD, contact angle, SEM, and AFM measurements. The irradiated ETFE films show a linear dose–response relation in the dose range of 50–400 kGy. In particular, in the low doses of 50–150 kGy, the crystallization in the irradiated amorphous regions and the partial degradation of inherent crystalline layers are observed. In the irradiation doses higher than 150 kGy, the degradation of newly generated crystalline areas and the recrystallization of disordering regions take place. Moreover, the microstructure alterations occur within the bulk and at the surface of the irradiated films. The 2‐year shelf‐aged films exhibit the partial preservation of chemical structures with the low oxidation effects, plus the features of linear dose–response with doses of 50–400 kGy. The obtained results provide a further understanding of radiation‐induced effects in the ETFE films, which is the basic to extend their applications, especially in radiation resistance and dosimetry.
2‐Methoxyethyl Nitrite as a Reagent for Chemoselective On‐Water Nitration
Authors: Kitanosono Taku , Hashidoko Airu , Yamashita Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Shū
Published: May 2022

An on‐water approach has been developed that allows a nitration of tyrosines and phenols under mild conditions. We envisioned that the assembly of tyrosine/tyrosyl radical couples with interfacial water molecules would realize a biomimetic stacking hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) transition state to facilitate the electron‐transfer process. The optimal organic nitrite, 2‐methoxyethyl nitrite, resulted in rapid coupling of the tyrosyl radicals with ⋅NO2 at the oil–water interface to afford the nitrated phenols. Many characteristics found in our on‐water strategy are distinct from other complementary systems that include radical nitration. These enticing roles of water in the reaction process introduce new avenues to explore in the design of synthetic organic chemistry systems.
Open‐Source vapor compression library (VCLib): Heat pump modeling for education and research
Authors: Vering Christian , Engelpracht Mirko , Göbel Stephan , Hoseinpoori Sina , Wüllhorst Fabian , Schwenzer Christian , Rademacher Matti , Hinrichs Sven , Chandra Friederike , Mehrfeld Philipp , Müller Dirk
Published: May 2022

Vapor compression cycles have gained high importance due to increasing concerns regarding the decarbonization of heating and cooling applications. Typically, vapor compression cycles operate under dynamic conditions, making it difficult to predict their performance accurately. Dynamic simulation models present a decent solution for increasing the reliability of the performance assessment. However, the implementation of dynamic simulation models is a complex task, requiring a uniform description and model development. Therefore, this article introduces an open‐source Vapor Compression Library called VCLib based on a literature review of existing libraries for modeling and simulation of vapor compression cycles. The VCLib combines simulation models from the refrigerant through the component to the system level. The simulation models in the VCLib strictly follow a modular and scalable modeling approach. Class diagrams vividly describe the structure of models, making the VCLib easy to use for new users, especially students. The VCLib is open‐source and accessible to support educational and research purposes: https://github.com/RWTH-EBC/X-HD/
Perspectives on mental health difficulties amongst second‐generation Chinese individuals in Germany: Stigma, acculturation, and help seeking
Authors: Shu Jin Li , Alleva Jessica M. , Stutterheim Sarah E.
Published: May 2022

Migration demands may put Chinese people living abroad at higher risk for mental health difficulties. However, mental illness is stigmatised and often neglected. The aim of this study was to investigate mental illness stigma endorsement amongst second‐generation Chinese individuals in Germany and explore the role of acculturation and stigma on mental health service‐seeking behaviours. In semi‐structured interviews with 23 second‐generation Chinese individuals, half of whom had a history of mental illness and half did not, we explored beliefs contributing to mental illness stigma, manifestations of stigma, the influence of acculturation, experience with mental health difficulties, and barriers to help seeking. Findings indicate that, within Chinese immigrant communities, people with mental illness are perceived as crazy, abnormal, weak, of poor character, having poor genes, or coming from a ‘bad’ family. Manifestations of mental illness stigma were avoidance, social exclusion, labelling, blame, and gossip. Stigma by association of family members was also reported. Acculturation appeared to attenuate stigma endorsement with most participants expressing considerate attitudes towards people with mental illness. However, acculturation also contributed to mental health difficulties through intergenerational differences in view on mental illness and help seeking. Findings highlight the importance of considering family dynamics when providing mental health services to second‐generation Chinese individuals.
Synthesis, resolution, and absolute configuration determination of a vicinal amino alcohol with axial chirality. Application to the synthesis of new box and pybox ligands
Authors: López‐Ram‐de‐Víu Pilar , Gálvez José A. , Díaz‐de‐Villegas María D.
Published: May 2022

New racemic vicinal amino alcohol derivatives with 4‐benzylidenecyclohexane skeleton and axial chirality have been prepared. A preparatively easy and efficient protocol for resolution of the N‐benzoylamino alcohol is described. Using a 250 × 20 mm (L × ID) Chiralpak® IA column, and the appropriate mixture of n‐hexane/ethanol/chloroform as eluent, both enantiomers of N‐benzoylamino alcohol 3 are obtained with >99% enantiomeric excess (ee) by successive injections of a solution of the racemic sample in chloroform. The obtained axially chiral vicinal amino alcohol is used to synthesize structurally novel bisoxazoline ligands in high yields.
Water Oxidation Catalyzed by a Bioinspired Tetranuclear Manganese Complex: Mechanistic Study and Prediction
Authors: Li Man , Liao Rong‐Zhen
Published: May 2022

Density functional theory calculations were utilized to elucidate the water oxidation mechanism catalyzed by polyanionic tetramanganese complex a [MnIII3MnIVO3(CH3COO)3(A‐α‐SiW9O34)]6−. Theoretical results indicated that catalytic active species 1 (Mn4III,III,IV,IV) was formed after O2 formation in the first turnover. From 1, three sequential proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) oxidations led to the MnIV‐oxyl radical 4 (Mn4IV,IV,IV,IV−O⋅). Importantly, 4 had an unusual butterfly‐shaped Mn2O2 core for the two substrate‐coordinated Mn sites, which facilitated O−O bond formation via direct coupling of the oxyl radical and the adjacent MnIV‐coordinated hydroxide to produce the hydroperoxide intermediate Int1 (Mn4III,IV,IV,IV−OOH). This step had an overall energy barrier of 24.9 kcal mol−1. Subsequent PCET oxidation of Int1 to Int2 (Mn4III,IV,IV,IV−O2⋅) enabled the O2 release in a facile process. Furthermore, apart from the Si‐centered complex, computational study suggested that tetramanganese polyoxometalates with Ge, P, and S could also catalyze the water oxidation process, where those bearing P and S likely present higher activities.
Increasing fan‐in and fan‐out of the quantum phase slip junction‐based logic gates
Authors: Omranpour Shadi , Hashemi Seyed Amir
Published: May 2022

Fan‐in and fan‐out of the quantum phase slip junction (QPSJ)‐based two‐input AND and OR gates are increased for the first time. For increasing their fan‐in, critical voltage, normal and sub‐gap resistances, and kinetic inductance of their constituent QPSJs are changed, and only input and buffer QPSJs are added to the gate. The number of elements in the proposed three‐ and four‐input OR and three‐ and four‐input AND gates is 13, 16, 16, and 20, respectively, which are fewer than those in the serial connection method. For increasing the fan‐out to two, only the mentioned parameters of the constituent QPSJs are changed and no extra element is added to the gate circuits. Comparing with the existing method which adds extra Josephson Junctions and QPSJs to the gate output, the number of elements in the proposed method is that of the basic two‐input gates. For the increased fan‐in/fan‐out OR gates, the critical margins of the external parameters are 10% and 15% of the input voltage, and the critical junction margins are 30% and 26% respectively, while for the increased fan‐in/fan‐out AND gates, they are 9% and 12% of the bias voltage and 26% and 23% for the critical junction margins, respectively.
Evolution of genes involved in the unusual genitals of the bear macaque, Macaca arctoides
Authors: Stevison Laurie S. , Bailey Nick P. , Szpiech Zachary A. , Novak Taylor E. , Melnick Don J. , Evans Ben J. , Wall Jeffrey D.
Published: May 2022

Genital divergence is thought to contribute to reproductive barriers by establishing a “lock‐and‐key" mechanism for reproductive compatibility. One such example, Macaca arctoides, the bear macaque, has compensatory changes in both male and female genital morphology as compared to close relatives. M. arctoides also has a complex evolutionary history, having extensive introgression between the fascicularis and sinica macaque species groups. Here, phylogenetic relationships were analyzed via whole‐genome sequences from five species, including M. arctoides, and two species each from the putative parental species groups. This analysis revealed ~3x more genomic regions supported placement in the sinica species group as compared to the fascicularis species group. Additionally, introgression analysis of the M. arctoides genome revealed it is a mosaic of recent polymorphisms shared with both species groups. To examine the evolution of their unique genital morphology further, the prevalence of candidate genes involved in genital morphology was compared against genome‐wide outliers in various population genetic metrics of diversity, divergence, introgression, and selection, while accounting for background variation in recombination rate. This analysis identified 67 outlier genes, including several genes that influence baculum morphology in mice, which were of interest since the bear macaque has the longest primate baculum. The mean of four of the seven population genetic metrics was statistically different in the candidate genes as compared to the rest of the genome, suggesting that genes involved in genital morphology have increased divergence and decreased diversity beyond expectations. These results highlight specific genes that may have played a role in shaping the unique genital morphology in the bear macaque.
Experimental evolution of a pheromone signal
Authors: Blankers Thomas , Fruitet Elise , Burdfield‐Steel Emily , Groot Astrid T.
Published: May 2022

Sexual signals are important in speciation, but understanding their evolution is complex as these signals are often composed of multiple, genetically interdependent components. To understand how signals evolve, we thus need to consider selection responses in multiple components and account for the genetic correlations among components. One intriguing possibility is that selection changes the genetic covariance structure of a multicomponent signal in a way that facilitates a response to selection. However, this hypothesis remains largely untested empirically. In this study, we investigate the evolutionary response of the multicomponent female sex pheromone blend of the moth Heliothis subflexa to 10 generations of artificial selection. We observed a selection response of about three‐quarters of a phenotypic standard deviation in the components under selection. Interestingly, other pheromone components that are biochemically and genetically linked to the components under selection did not change. We also found that after the onset of selection, the genetic covariance structure diverged, resulting in the disassociation of components under selection and components not under selection across the first two genetic principle components. Our findings provide rare empirical support for an intriguing mechanism by which a sexual signal can respond to selection without possible constraints from indirect selection responses.
Vibrational and Electronic Circular Dichroism Study of Chiral Seleno Compounds Prepared from a Naphthol Based Diselenide
Authors: Mangiavacchi Francesca , Mazzeo Giuseppe , Graziani Maria Chiara , Marini Francesca , Drabowicz Józef , Wielgus Ewelina , Sancineto Luca , Longhi Giovanna , Vivani Riccardo , Abbate Sergio , Santi Claudio
Published: May 2022

Base induced activation of β‐naphthol toward the electrophilic aromatic substitution has been used for the synthesis of the unprecedented 1,1’‐diselanediylbis(naphthalen‐2‐ol) fully characterized by means of NMR and X‐Ray analysis. Its reactivity was studied and the synthesis of novel chiral selenium containing heterocycles was discovered. Chiroptical methods (VCD and ECD) were successfully used to define their absolute configuration and these results represent the first example reported for organoselenium derivatives.
Deep‐Sea Discovery and Detective Work: Towards Solving the Hemicalide Structural Enigma through Computational NMR Analysis and Stereocontrolled Synthesis
Authors: Lam Nelson Y. S. , Paterson Ian
Published: May 2022

The marine natural product hemicalide displays potent anticancer activity. While detailed NMR experiments established the planar carbon skeleton, its full configurational assignment proved enigmatic. This Review summarises ongoing synthetic efforts and NMR studies on hemicalide, which have succeeded in reducing the number of possible stereoisomers from more than one million to a more manageable eight structures, setting the stage for a focused total synthesis campaign.
Praseodymium Doped Dysprosium Oxide‐carbon Nanofibers Based Voltammetric Platform for the Simultaneous Determination of Sunset Yellow and Tartrazine
Authors: Kutluay Baytak Aysegul , Aslanoglu Mehmet
Published: May 2022

A platform based on praseodymium doped dysprosium oxide‐carbon nanofibers modified electrode was constructed for the simultaneous determination of SY and TAR. SEM, EDX and XRD techniques were utilized for characterizing the proposed material. The voltammetric behaviour and properties of SY and TAR were gradually improved at materials in order from CNFs to Dy2O3−CNFs and Pr6O11@Dy2O3−CNFs. The working range was found to be 1.0×10−9–3.5×10−8 M and 1.5×10−9–4.0×10−8 M for SY and TAR, respectively. The value of LOD was 3.12×10−10 M and 5.35×10−10 M for SY and TAR, respectively. The platform (Pr6O11@Dy2O3−CNFs/GCE) was successfully applied to the electroanalysis of samples.
Superior adsorption of methyl blue on magnetic Ni–Mg–Co ferrites: Adsorption electrochemical properties and adsorption characteristics
Authors: Ling Chen , Wang Zhou , Ni Yun , Zhu Ziye , Cheng Zhihao , Liu Ruijiang
Published: May 2022

The harm and treatment of methyl blue (MB) were described, and the necessity for the removal of MB by magnetic nanomaterials was explained. Magnetic Ni–Mg–Co ferrites were prepared by the rapid combustion approach of an active nitrate solution and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), energy dispersive spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. Magnetic Ni0.1Mg0.7Co0.2Fe2O4 nanoparticles prepared at 400°C with the saturation magnetization of 19.7 emu g−1 and the average diameter of about 15.2 nm were used to adsorb MB from the aqueous medium. The Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) analysis showed that the specific surface area was 143.17 m2 g−1 and the average pore size was 9.44 nm. The adsorption mechanism of MB onto magnetic Ni0.1Mg0.7Co0.2Fe2O4 nanoparticles was studied, and the results revealed that the adsorption properties conformed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics model due to the square deviation values (R2 > 0.98), and Temkin model could describe the adsorption state of MB onto Ni0.1Mg0.7Co0.2Fe2O4 nanoparticles, which suggested that the adsorption of MB onto Ni0.1Mg0.7Co0.2Fe2O4 nanoparticles was monolayer–multilayer hybrid chemisorption mechanism. When the pH value exceeded 3, the adsorbance reached large value; while, the adsorbance was 97.6% of the initial adsorption value for seven cycles. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry curves of MB adsorbed onto the nanoparticles before and after the adsorption were determined.
Deletion of Tgfβ signal in activated microglia prolongs hypoxia‐induced retinal neovascularization enhancing Igf1 expression and retinal leukostasis
Authors: Usui‐Ouchi Ayumi , Eade Kevin , Giles Sarah , Ideguchi Yoichiro , Ouchi Yasuo , Aguilar Edith , Wei Guoqin , Marra Kyle V. , Berlow Rebecca B. , Friedlander Martin
Published: May 2022

Retinal neovascularization (NV) is the major cause of severe visual impairment in patients with ischemic eye diseases. While it is known that retinal microglia contribute to both physiological and pathological angiogenesis, the molecular mechanisms by which these glia regulate pathological NV have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we utilized a retinal microglia‐specific Transforming Growth Factor‐β (Tgfβ) receptor knock out mouse model and human iPSC‐derived microglia to examine the role of Tgfβ signaling in activated microglia during retinal NV. Using a tamoxifen‐inducible, microglia‐specific Tgfβ receptor type 2 (Tgfβr2) knockout mouse [Tgfβr2 KO (ΔMG)] we show that Tgfβ signaling in microglia actively represses leukostasis in retinal vessels. Furthermore, we show that Tgfβ signaling represses expression of the pro‐angiogenic factor, Insulin‐like growth factor 1 (Igf1), independent of Vegf regulation. Using the mouse model of oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR) we show that Tgfβ signaling in activated microglia plays a role in hypoxia‐induced NV where a loss in Tgfβ signaling microglia exacerbates and prolongs retinal NV in OIR. Using human iPSC‐derived microglia cells in an in vitro assay, we validate the role of Transforming Growth Factor‐β1 (Tgfβ1) in regulating Igf1 expression in hypoxic conditions. Finally, we show that Tgfβ signaling in microglia is essential for microglial homeostasis and that the disruption of Tgfβ signaling in microglia exacerbates retinal NV in OIR by promoting leukostasis and Igf1 expression.
Infant and early childhood mental health consultation in a diverse metropolitan area
Authors: Natale Ruby , Kolomeyer Ellen , Futterer Jenna , Mahmoud Farah D. , Schenker Maite , Robleto Ana , Horen Neal , Spector Rachel
Published: May 2022

IECMHC can and should be a vehicle that promotes greater equity in access to high quality relationships within an early classroom environment. It is important to consider consultation through a racial equity lens to ensure that it is integrated in all levels of work. The goal of the study was to replicate the results from other IECMHC programs with a diverse, largely Latinx, population. The Jump Start program was given the unique opportunity to adapt the Georgetown Framework of Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health Consultation to a multicultural population in Miami. A total of 88 early learning programs and 244 teachers participated. Services were provided in English, Spanish, and Creole at the program‐ and classroom‐level. Pre‐ and post‐data were collected at both levels. Significant improvements at the program‐ and classroom‐level were found post‐consultation. Consultants demonstrated fidelity to core program practices while providing culturally and linguistically competent service. The current study replicated findings regarding the effectiveness of IECMHC while expanding results to a diverse metropolitan community. Key features of program success may be attributed to the use of highly trained consultants, action planning, fidelity monitoring, and enrollment of programs that were ready and have a champion for IECMHC.
Rearrangement of dicarboranyl methyl cation to icosahedralC3B9H12+: An ab initio dynamics view
Authors: Perumalla D. Sravanakumar , Ghorai Sagar , Pal Tanmoy , Hnyk Drahomír , Holub Josef , Jemmis Eluvathingal D.
Published: May 2022

Closo‐carborane anions are prominent, whereas the cations of the same are less abundant in the literature. As these ions have similar size and are weakly coordinating, the ionic liquids of these two ions could have important applications in many areas of chemistry. In view of limited number of polyhedral carborane cations available, we revisited the rearrangement of dicarboranyl methyl cation (7‐CH27,9‐nido‐C2B9H10+) using ab initio molecular dynamics calculations with metadynamics. Our simulations confirmed the concerted mechanism of the rearrangement. We believe this work will resume the interest in its synthesis and carborane cations in general.
Translating core intervention strategies into action: Interpersonal validation among self‐injuring adolescents and their mothers
Authors: Kaufman Erin A. , Clerke Alexa S. , Meddaoui Brianna
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Most evidence‐supported treatments for psychiatric problems teach clients skills to incorporate into their daily lives. Yet little research rigorously examines the extent to which individuals absorb these strategies and can competently apply them outside of the therapeutic relationship.

Objectives

The current study examined the degree to which self‐injuring adolescents and their mothers (n = 30 dyads) and typical control mother–daughter dyads (n = 30) were able to utilize a multicomponent interpersonal validation‐oriented skill from dialectical behavior therapy, after a single teaching. We also aimed to assess whether variance in Gentle, Interested, Validate, and Easy (GIVE) skill practice was associated with a physiological index of emotion regulation (respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]).

Method

An observational coding system was developed to measure skill‐related behavior across four key domains (be[ing] gentle, act[ing] interested, validation, and us[ing] an easy manner; GIVE) and applied during two family conflict discussions (pre‐ and postskills training). Mother and adolescent RSA data were collected at rest and across discussion tasks.

Results

Behavioral indicators of skill use improved pre‐to‐post skills training across the entire sample, except in one GIVE domain (easy manner). Self‐injuring youth and their mothers demonstrated greater improvements than control dyads with respect to being gentle. RSA reactivity scores predicted behavioral validation, such that higher RSA was associated with higher validation scores.

Conclusions

As a field, we currently have a limited understanding of how intervention skills are used, and what factors predict effective skill application. Results suggest self‐injuring adolescents and their mothers can learn and improve on most aspects of a core intervention strategy after a single teaching and that better physiological regulation during conflict is associated with more validating behaviors.
Disrupting White racial dominance: How White antiracists challenge the racial status quo in interpersonal relationships
Authors: Collins Charles R. , Macbeth Jeanne , Morgan Allison R. , Kohl Rhianon , Kenney Taylor M.
Published: May 2022

As White activists are growing the racial justice movement, their antiracism frequently disrupts the racial hierarchy, which features whiteness in a dominant role, especially in interpersonal relationships. We investigate how White antiracists disrupt whiteness in interpersonal relationships. We interviewed 16 White antiracists who had experienced significant relationship distance due to their antiracism. We conducted thematic analyses to understand the conflicts that emerged between antiracists and their White counterparts as activists challenged White racial dominance. Antiracists disrupted whiteness by exercising social power to punish racist offenders. In response, their White counterparts resisted these challenges by exerting their instruments of power to sanction antiracists. The conflict with White people led antiracists to build greater personal and social capacity for antiracist activism. This study illustrates how conflicts can emerge during social change efforts even at the microlevel as parties exercise power to contest or support the status quo.
Locked down: Ontological security and the experience of COVID‐19 while living in poor‐quality housing
Authors: Brown Philip , Newton Dillon , Armitage Rachel , Monchuk Leanne , Robson Brian
Published: May 2022

The aim of the paper is to illustrate how the housing system in the United Kingdom (UK) has contributed to creating vulnerabilities during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Drawing on the concept of ontological security we look at how living with housing insecurity whilst enduring poor housing conditions has impacted the lives of those living in households. The paper draws on semi‐structured interviews with 50 residents and 8 housing professionals. The findings outline the grinding impact of the pandemic on the ontological security of residents and the coping strategies adopted by a wider range of households who are now increasingly vulnerable. A number of people went into lockdown in vulnerable situations, experiencing deep inequalities and living in poorly maintained homes. This has weakened the ontological security experienced by many households. These represent significant failings of the housing system and housing policy impacting on the health and wellbeing of a wider cohort of people creating additional vulnerabilities.
Pathophysiology of sepsis‐induced cholestasis: A review
Authors: Ghenu Maria Iuliana , Dragoş Dorin , Manea Maria Mirabela , Ionescu Dorin , Negreanu Lucian
Published: May 2022

Sepsis is a critical condition resulting from the excessive activation of the inflammatory/immune system in response to an infection, with high mortality if treatment is not administered promptly. One of the many possible complications of sepsis is liver dysfunction with consequent cholestasis. The aim of this paper is to review the main mechanisms involved in the development of cholestasis in sepsis. Cholestasis in a septic patient must raise the suspicion that it is the consequence of the septic condition and limit the laborious attempts of finding a hepatic or biliary disease. Prompt antibiotic administration when sepsis is suspected is essential and may improve liver enzymes. Cholestasis is a syndrome with a variety of etiologies, among which sepsis is frequently overlooked, despite a number of studies and case reports in the literature demonstrating not only the association between sepsis and cholestasis but also the role of cholestasis as a prognostic factor for sepsis‐induced death.
Significance of post‐progression therapy after tyrosine kinase inhibitors for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yano Yoshihiko , Yamamoto Atsushi , Minami Akihiro , Momose Kenji , Mimura Takuya , Kim Soo Ki , Hayashi Hiroki , Kado Takuo , Hirano Hirotaka , Hirohata Seiya , Yoon Seitetsu , Nishi Katsuhisa , Tei Hiroshi , Tanaka Hidenori , Oouchi Sachiko , Matsuura Takanori , Yasutomi Eiichiro , Hatazawa Yuri , Shiomi Yuuki , Ueda Yoshihide , Kodama Yuzo ,   Kobe Liver Conference (KLC)
Published: May 2022

Background and Aim

Molecular‐targeted therapies such as sorafenib and lenvatinib have long been used as first‐line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC). However, adverse events or limited therapeutic effects may necessitate the change to another therapeutic option, known as post‐progression therapy. To investigate the significance of post‐progression therapy, we analyzed the outcomes of aHCC patients following first‐line molecular‐targeted therapy in a real‐world study.

Methods

This retrospective, multicenter study involved patients with aHCC who received sorafenib or lenvatinib as first‐line therapy between January 2011 and September 2021.

Results

In total, 513 patients were analyzed: 309 treated with sorafenib and 204 with lenvatinib. The overall response and disease control rates were 15 and 50%, respectively, in the sorafenib group and 30 and 75%, respectively, in the lenvatinib group (P < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed no significant differences in progression‐free survival and overall survival (OS) between the two treatments. Multivariate analysis revealed that fibrosis‐4 index, disease control rate, post‐progression therapy, and use of an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) were significantly associated with OS. OS was significantly longer in patients who received post‐progression therapy than in those who did not (log‐rank P < 0.001). Most patients who received an ICI as post‐progression therapy had previously received lenvatinib. Among lenvatinib‐treated patients, OS was significantly longer in patients who received an ICI than in patients received another or no post‐progression therapy (P = 0.004).

Conclusion

The introduction of newer drugs for post‐progression therapy is expected to prolong survival. ICI‐based regimens appear to be effective after lenvatinib.
Turán‐ and Ramsey‐type results for unavoidable subgraphs
Authors: Müyesser Alp , Tait Michael
Published: May 2022

We study Turán‐ and Ramsey‐type problems on edge‐colored graphs. A two‐edge‐colored graph is called ‐balanced if each color class contains at least an ‐proportion of its edges. Given a family of two‐edge‐colored graphs, the Ramsey‐type function is the smallest for which any ‐balanced must contain a copy of an , and the Turán‐type function is the maximum number of edges in an ‐vertex ‐balanced graph which avoids all of . In this paper, we show that for any , , as long as is finite. We use this result to show that the Ramsey‐type function is linear for bounded degree graphs. Finally, we consider the Turán‐type function for several classes of edge‐colored graphs. In particular, we show that for any , sufficiently large ‐balanced graphs with edge‐density above 1/2 must contain a ‐cycle with a non‐monochromatic coloring of its edge set. The same result when was proved by DeVos, McDonald, and Montejano.
Leukocyte modulation by natural products from herbal medicines and potential as cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Yang Huihai , Wang Lulu , Zhang Jing
Published: May 2022

Cancer constitutes a kind of life-threatening disease that is prevalent throughout the world. In light of limitations in conventional chemotherapies or radiotherapies, cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a potent strategy in treating cancer. In cancer immunotherapy, preliminary studies have demonstrated that cancer immune surveillance serves a crucial role in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Herbal medicines and natural products, which serve as alternative medicines, are involved in the modulation of tumor immunosurveillance to enhance antitumor activity. Accordingly, this review aimed to summarize the modulation function of herbal medicines and natural products on tumor immunosurveillance while providing scientific insight into further research on its molecular mechanism and potential clinical applications.
The altered drivers of evapotranspiration trends around the recent warming hiatus in China
Authors: Sun Huaiwei , Bai Yiwen , Yang Yong , Lu Mengge , Yan Dong , Tuo Ye , Zhang Wenxin
Published: May 2022

This study focuses on the trends and the causes of variation in actual evapotranspiration (AET) around the warming hiatus over China by a comprehensive analysis applying various temporal–spatial methods. It is observed that the annual AET showed a different trend around 2000 for China as a whole. By employing segmented regression analysis for detecting warming hiatus points, high temporal inconsistency can be found in eight climatic regions of China. The impacts of meteorological variables on AET were further identified by affecting the intensity and relative change of meteorological factors. AET was highly correlated (p < .01) with solar radiation in the southeast (R = 0.80) and air specific humidity in the northwest areas (R = 0.83). AET changes presented the highest sensitivity to specific humidity in Northwest before 2006 and in north central China after 2003, with sensitivity coefficients of 1.48 and 1.74, respectively. Three variables, including air specific humidity (with an average contribution rate of ~17% in the northwest), short‐wave radiation and air temperature, can be the main factors that lead to the changes in AET. The specific meteorological factors varied from region to region: the changes in AET can be ascribed to the increased wind and short‐wave radiation in north central China and east China, the decreased air temperature in Tibetan Plateau, the increased specific humidity in southeast China during warming hiatus, and so on. After the warming hiatus occurred, the dominant factor of AET trends changed from air specific humidity to short‐wave radiation and other factors. Generally, air specific humidity and air temperature have played leading roles in AET trends during the past 30 years.
The utility of Raman spectra in aiding the interpretation of surface structure at aqueous interfaces
Authors: Azam Md. Shafiul , Hore Dennis
Published: May 2022

In this perspective, we review how Raman spectroscopy of bulk aqueous phases can assist in the interpretation of surface‐selective vibrational spectra obtained from visible‐infrared sum‐frequency generation experiments. This overcomes the limitations associated with a reliance on spectral fitting to study characteristic vibrational modes of all species and thereby provides an all‐experimental route for analysis of spectral features, including cases where spectra are available in only a single set of beam polarizations. The basic principle is based on two‐dimensional correlation analysis, a generalized method with broad applicability, but most well‐known in its application to vibrational spectra. We provide an example of the type of information that can be obtained when using heterospectral correlation that includes both sum‐frequency and Raman data. The combination of these methods can help to unravel characteristic features of aqueous interfaces such as the surface preference of adsorbed species relative to their bulk concentration.
Analysis of steady state solutions to an age structured SEQIR model with optimal vaccination
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Abbas Syed
Published: May 2022

Quarantine of those individuals who are suspected of being infected is one of the intervention measures to contain the spread of an infectious disease. We propose an age structured SEQIR (S—Susceptible, E—Exposed, Q—Quarantine, I—Infected, R—Recovered) model with vaccination of susceptible and exposed individuals. Firstly without vaccination, basic reproduction number is derived by using the presence of endemic steady state. With an appropriate Lyapunov function, stability of disease free equilibrium point is checked. Vaccinating a population with reduction in number of infected individuals at minimal cost is considered as an optimization problem. We show that the vaccination strategy is concentrated on atmost three age classes. We also solve our model numerically to study the effect of quarantine and for better illustrations of our analytical findings.
Lurasidone‐induced hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome: A case report
Authors: Hanyu Shota , Kojima Yusuke , Murai Toshiya , Kawashima Hirotsugu
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Lurasidone has few metabolic adverse effects and is recommended as an alternative when other antipsychotic drugs considerably increase body weight or blood sugar concentrations.

Case presentation

An 81‐year‐old man with bipolar disorder developed hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome as a side effect of lurasidone. Routine monitoring of blood glucose concentrations led to the early detection and treatment of this disease, preventing life‐threatening complications.

Discussion and conclusion

We describe a rare case of lurasidone‐induced hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. The mortality rate of this syndrome is estimated to be up to 20%. This rate is significantly higher than that of diabetic ketoacidosis (currently <2%). Although lurasidone is considered to have a low risk of raising blood glucose concentrations, symptoms of hyperglycemia must be evaluated and blood glucose concentrations should be monitored regularly.