bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instructor Facilitation of the Preceptorship Relationship in Nursing Education
Authors: Hsieh Nancye L , Knowles Donald W
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

In recognition of the growing popularity of preceptorships as a means of teaching in nursing, a research study was conducted to examine the development of the preceptor relationship. Three questions were addressed: what are the specific elements essential to the development of the preceptorship relationship?; what is the role of the instructor in facilitating the developing preceptorship relationship?; and what are the variables affecting the developing preceptorship relationship? Based on naturalistic observations and direct feedback from 12 preceptor RNs, 12 students, and 2 instructors in acute care hospitals, seven commonly occurring themes were identified as important aspects of the developing relationship.
Baccalaureate and Associate Degree Student Nurses' Cultural Knowledge of and Attitudes Toward Black American Clients
Authors: Felder Emma
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cultural diversity education in nursing on baccalaureate and associate degree students' cultural knowledge of and attitudes toward black American clients. Cultural diversity education in nursing information processing, and attitude concepts (Fishbein & Aj zen, 1975) provided the conceptual framework.

The sample consisted of 110 baccalaureate and associate degree senior and freshmen students from National League for Nursing accredited schools of nursing. Each school's dean confirmed that cultural diversity educational experiences were included in the curricula. The findings indicated that the group of associate degree students, which included a large number of various ethnic students, had higher cultural knowledge of black American clients then the baccalaureate degree students, who had less ethnic variance. However, adjustment for the ethnic variable was not significant (F(1, 1) = 12.5, p < .001). There were no differences in the attitudes toward black American clients between the two groups of students. The score ratings for cultural knowledge of (m = 66.90 on a scale of 0 to 100), and attitude toward (m = 35.40 on a scale of 7 to 56 points) black American clients were low in each group of students.

Implications are for increased and improved cultural content in nursing education and alternative methods of teaching black American cultural content.
Sexual Harassment in Academia: Legal and Administrative Challenges
Authors: Dowell Marsha
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Guidelines and institutional policies regarding sexual harassment in academia have a relatively short and controversial background. Deference to Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) guidelines in employment sexual harassment incidents guides much of the thinking in contemporary courts. Title DC of the Educational Amendments and the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 are but two of the legal redresses available to students with harassment grievance complaints. Lack of definition of the term as well as research studies in nursing complicate the issue of sexual harassment. The potential impact of harassment on nursing students both in the classroom and in the practice area is significant. Nursing administrators and educators must be proactive in writing and implementing policies regarding sexual harassment.
The Relationship Among Multiple Assessments of Nursing Education Outcomes
Authors: Marquis Bessie , Worth Charles C
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Three internal and three external outcome measures generated data for this longitudinal study. The internal outcome measures were nursing GPA, nonnursing GPA, and clinical evaluations of students during eight clinical rotations. The external evaluations were NCLEX scores, the graduates' self-rating of their competency in meeting program objectives, and their immediate supervisors' ratings on the identical competency rating scale.

Data analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients revealed significant correlations among all internal measures of academic outcomes with one external measure, the NCLEX score. There was no correlation between any nursing measure of outcome and the supervisor's ratings. There was a modest correlation between the supervisors' rating and the nonnursing GPA. The faculty clinical evaluation was the only significant correlation found between the alumni rankings and any other measure of outcome. There was no correlation between the supervisors' and the graduates' ratings.
Predictors of Success on NCLEX-RN and Within the Nursing Curriculum: Implications for Early Intervention
Authors: Fowles Eileen R
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A retrospective prediction study was conducted to identify predictors of success on the NCLEX-RN and within the nursing curriculum. Records of 192 graduates of an upper-division, single-purpose baccalaureate nursing program were examined using multiple regression techniques. NCLEX-RN success could be predicted by GPA at end of Level 1 in nursing program, ACT composite and social science subscale scores, Anatomy and Physiology I grade, and percent correct on Mosby Assesstest. These findings have implication for entering a nursing student into an early intervention program designed to enhance success within the nursing program and on the NCLEX-RN.
Employer Evaluations of Nurse Graduates: A Critical Program Assessment Element
Authors: Ryan Marilyn E , Hodson Kay E
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Accountability in higher education dictates implementation of a comprehensive evaluation plan. Employer evaluation of graduates is an important component of program evaluation and contributes a different view that is rarely reported in the literature. The purpose of this study was to establish a database by surveying employers of baccalaureate-prepared nurses, postgraduation, over a five-year period. Employer surveys measured perceptions of graduates' functioning. Findings indicated that graduates function above expected levels for leadership skills, nursing skills, communication skills, and professionalism. Systematic program evaluation by employers is recommended at one and five years after graduation. A tool for employer evaluation of baccalaureate graduates is discussed.
Moral Philosophy and Nursing Curricula: Indoctrination of the New Breed
Authors: Cartwright Therese , Davson-Galle Peter , Holden Robyn J
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A sizable proportion of nursing curricula subtly indoctrinate students with a particular normative ethic. Seldom is there adequate philosophical justification for the ethic, and students are rarely invited to subject that ethic to a rigorous philosophical analysis. Nursing curricula are replete with philosophical positions treated as moral imperatives to which all, students and faculty, owe their allegiance. This unsatisfactory situation warrants urgent attention. One problem is that of failing to justify the school's moral philosophy; another is the question of philosophically indoctrinating students to adhere to an ethic that advocates the individual's freedom and responsibility, a practice inconsistent with the predominant proposition advanced by the ethic.
Nursing Faculty and Students' Attitudes Regarding HIV
Authors: Mueller Charles W , Cerny Jo Ellen , Amundson Mary Jane , Waldron Jane A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A multidisciplinary group of health professional educators examined the faculty and student attitudes related to AIDS in undergraduate and graduate nursing programs and in a dental hygiene program. Results indicated consistent differences in attitudes toward homosexuality and intravenous drug users, AIDS-phobia, AIDS-related work stress, and willingness to work with HIV, homosexual, or intravenous-drug-using patients among faculty, undergraduate, and graduate nursing students, and certificate-level dental hygiene students. Faculty and master's-level nursing students consistently indicated the most positive attitudes and behavioral intentions. A one-year follow-up of a sample of undergraduate students revealed little change in these attitudes or behavioral intentions. Implications of these findings for nursing educators are discussed.
Multiculturalism and Pluralistic Thought in Nursing Education: Native American World View and the Nursing Academic World View
Authors: Crow Karine
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Nursing's capability to meet the health care needs of America's increasing racial diversity is dependent on its capacity to embrace multicultural groups entering the profession. Faculty should be aware of both the culture and world view of nursing's Euro-American (Anglo) culture-based curriculum. As an example of how world view and culture affect learning and performance, this article juxtaposes nursing's and the Native American's educational world view and culture. Each group's survival is dependent on the culturally determined and learned skills of its members. As faculty and students become culture brokers/interpreters between their world views, student success is enhanced. Acknowledgement of differing world views mandates that caution against generalizations, stereotyping, nefarious comparison, or the devaluing of persons be exercised. This knowledge, appropriately used, provides significant direction in guiding students and planning nursing educational approaches and programs.
A Model for Multicultural Curriculum Development in Baccalaureate Nursing Education
Authors: Smith Blenda E , Colling Kathleen , Elander Ellen , Latham Carolyn
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Valuing multiculturalism is essential to the education of professional nurses in order to incorporate knowledge of and respect for cultural values into nursing care. This article briefly examines the definitions of multicultural concepts in nursing curricula. An innovative model for curricular analysis based on a broad operational definition of multiculturalism is described and applied to a baccalaureate upper-division nursing curriculum. Faculty and student interview data are discussed. Results of the examination of course syllabi, materials, textbooks, instructional videos, and clinical experiences are enumerated. Findings include strengths as well as areas of omission, bias, and insensitivity. Implications for faculty development, recommendations for administrative action, and specific curricular changes are outlined. Heightened sensitivity to the value of multiculturalism and the need for lifelong learning on this topic are emphasized.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Nurses Toward Culturally Different Patients: Implications for Nursing Education
Authors: Rooda Linda A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This exploratory study was designed to examine the knowledge and attitudes of nurses toward patients from culturally different backgrounds. The Cultural Fitness Survey (CFS) was used to collect data from subjects randomly selected from a pool of registered nurses employed in acute care hospitals in an urban midwestern county. Significant differences were noted in the nurses' knowledge about, and their attitude toward, Black American, Asian American, and Hispanic cultures and health care practices. Of the six demographic variables, only the level of educational preparation was significantly correlated with knowledge and biases of nurses toward culturally different patients. Nurse educators must examine the differences in objectives, content, and learning experiences related to cultural diversity that might account for these differences. Such an examination is essential in preparing nurses to practice in a global society.
Behavioral Pedagogy: A Heideggerian Hermeneutical Analysis of the Lived Experiences of Students and Teachers in Baccalaureate Nursing Education
Authors: Diekelmann Nancy L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Utilizing predominantly behavioral approaches, nursing education has moved from hospitals to almost every major university in the last 25 years. However, this approach is not without difficulties. This study, using Heideggerian phenomenology as the philosophical background, seeks to uncover the meaning of practices shaped by behavioral pedagogy within the day-to-day lives of students and teachers in baccalaureate nursing education. The constitutive pattern, "learning-as-cognitive-gain," expresses the relationship between the themes "applying content as thinking," and "content as neutral, unproblematic, and consensual."
Nursing Curricula and Violence Issues
Authors: Ross Margaret M , Hoff Lee Ann , Coutu-Wakulczyk Ginette
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This article presents the findings of a survey of Canadian schools of nursing (N = 155) that determined the extent to which violence-related content is addressed in nursing curricula. The study yielded a response rate of 88%. Theoretical content regarding violence against children and women of all ages, and suicide as a response to abuse formed part of the curriculum of all schools of nursing, if only in readings. Child abuse and suicide received the greatest number of hours of instruction, followed by woman abuse, sexual assault, and elder abuse. University schools of nursing provided the greatest number of hours of instruction when compared with other types of schools. Schools in Western and Atlantic Canada provided the greatest number of hours of instruction on woman abuse when compared with other regions of the country. The majority of university schools provided experiential instruction in the area of violence, with the other types of schools providing very little such instruction. Findings revealed a sensitivity to the importance of including content on violence in nursing curricula; however, the approach to this content is largely incidental and heavily dependent on individual faculty interests. Implications of this study point to the need for the systematic inclusion of violence-related content and the sharing of resources among schools of nursing.
Discovering Confidence in Clinical Reasoning and Critical Thinking Development in Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Haffer Ann G , Raingruber Bonnie J
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this preliminary investigation was to discover students' experiences of clinical reasoning and critical thinking development. Findings are reported from one group of baccalaureate nursing students participating in a clinical reasoning course. Narrative approaches were used to reveal how students experience their developing reasoning skills. Class videotapes and reflective logs in which students described their reasoning and responses to others' reasoning provided data. An interpretive phenomenological approach was used to derive a beginning understanding of the experiences of students' developing clinical reasoning and critical thinking. Confidence emerged as a significant aspect of students' experiences. This report of the investigation focuses on only one aspect of clinical reasoning and critical thinking, namely, students' perceptions of threats to confidence and ways of building confidence.
The Changing Environment of Community Health Practice and Education: Perceptions of Staff Nurses, Administrators, and Educators
Authors: Chalmers Karen I , Bramadat Ina J , Andrusyszyn Mary-Anne
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Historically, baccalaureate nursing programs in Canada have prepared graduates to practice in the community. Two recent trends- the move to prepare all registered nurses in degree programs and the changing climate in which community nursing is practiced- made it timely to explore the educational preparation required for community health practice. This article reports on one part of the study, i.e., on findings that explicate the nature of community health nursing practice in a western Canadian province, as it has changed during the past decade, as it is currently practiced, and as it is expected to develop in the future. What, in other words, is the nature of the community practice for which nursing students should be prepared?

An action research design guided the study. Participants were recruited from all major urban, rural, and northern settings in which baccalaureate nurses practice throughout the province. The perspective of relevant people was considered important, i.e., nurses practicing in the community, administrators, and educators of future community nurses. One hundred eighteen (118) participants were interviewed in 27 focus groups. Data were tape recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for content. Among the themes identified were those that captured changes community health nurses experienced in their nursing practice. Nurses also described how they thought practice would evolve in the years to come. These themes are discussed within a primary health care framework in which nurses can be expected to play a more active role in shaping community health nursing practice.
Intuition in Nursing Practice: Sharing Graduate Students' Exemplars With Undergraduate Students
Authors: Beck Cheryl Tatano
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Failure to acknowledge ways of knowing in nursing education curricula other than linear reasoning hinders the development of the full extent of mental abilities brought to learning situations by nursing students. Nurse educators are challenged to develop creative methods to facilitate nursing students' intuitive thinking. In this article, a teaching strategy is described in which graduate students' exemplars of intuition in clinical practice are shared with undergraduate nursing students. Implications of using this teaching approach to demystify the intuitive process and address its legitimacy are discussed.
Incorporating Electronic-Based and Computer-Based Strategies: Graduate Nursing Courses in Administration
Authors: Graveley Elaine , Fullerton Judith T
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The use of electronic technology allows faculty to improve their course offerings. Four graduate courses in nursing administration were contemporized to incorporate fundamental computer-based skills that would be expected of graduates in the work setting. Principles of adult learning offered a philosophical foundation that guided course development and revision. Course delivery strategies included computer-assisted instructional modules, email interactive discussion groups, and use of the electronic classroom. Classroom seminar discussions and two-way interactive video conferencing focused on group resolution of problems derived from employment settings and assigned readings. Using these electronic technologies, a variety of courses can be revised to accommodate the learners' needs.
Development of an Instrument to Measure Caring Peer Group Interactions
Authors: Hughes Linda C
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to develop psychometric properties of the Peer Group Caring Interaction Scale (PGCIS) designed to measure caring during informal peer interactions as experienced by undergraduate nursing students. The PGCIS has two subseales that address caring peer behaviors ana interactional events during which students assist their peers in the resolution of specific needs. PGCIS psychometric properties were developed using data from 873 junior students enrolled at 87 BSN schools of nursing. Internal consistency reliability was demonstrated for the 9-item Caring Behaviors and the 7-item Giving Assistance subseales with a coefficient alpha of .91 for each. Findings from an exploratory factor analysis supported the two subscale structure of the PGCIS. The PGCIS scores correlated positively with scores on the Intimacy subscale of the Organization Climate Description Questionnaire (OCDQ) and the Peer Group Interaction Scale and inversely with scores on the OCDQ Disengagement subscale. The findings from this study provide beginning support for the PCGIS as a valid and reliable approach to the measurement of caring in academic settings. Additional studies are recommended to continue the psychometric evaluation of this instrument.
The Preceptoring Map for RN-to-BSN Students
Authors: Bittner Nancy Phoenix , Anderson Amelia
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

RN-to-BSN studente reflect an array of experiences often so diverse the traditional student placement challenges neither students nor preceptors. In response to this need for an alternate to the standard clinical placement for RN studente, a collaborative model was developed. Because of dramatic changes in the health care environment, the "traditional" placement for students is no longer readily available nor necessarily appropriate. These circumstances, combined with the uniqueness of RN-to-BSN students prompted the authors to develop the Preceptoring Map. The model was developed in collaboration with the research department of Massachusetts General Hospital.

The Preceptoring Map designates two tracks, the N track and the P track Using Benner's novice to expert theories, the tracks were operationalized to the student population. Determining which track will be most appropriate is multifaceted. Included in the evaluation process are the students' work experiences and expertise, critical-thinking skills assessment, and self-assessment. Faculty review these outcomes, combined with an indepth interview with the placement coordinator, to match students and preceptors for the most successful clinical placements.
The Effects of Family Nursing and Family Medicine Clinical Rotations on Nursing and Medical Students' Self-Efficacy for Health Promotion Counseling
Authors: Laschinger Heather K Spence , McWilliam Carol L , Weston Wayne
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The effects of community-based family nursing and medicine clinical rotations on students' confidence in their knowledge and ability to counsel clients in selected health promotion areas were examined from the perspective of Bandura's (1986) self-efficacy theory. Nursing students (n=66) enrolled in a community family nursing course and medical students (n=71) enrolled in a 6-week family practice clerkship rotation completed questionnaires at three points: prior to, at completion of, and 3 months following their clinical rotations. Nursing and medical students' self-efficacy levels at pretest were similar. At posttest, nursing students' self-efficacy was significantly higher than that of the medical students. This difference was sustained at 3 months follow up. Students' conception of health (clinical vs. nonclinical) did not have an effect on posttest self-efficacy levels. Self-efficacy scores accounted for 63% of the variance in the nursing students' self-reported use of health promotion principles in their daily practice; but only 11% of the variance in medical students' daily practice. The results of this exploratory study provide information to guide theory-informed curricular decisions to design clinical learning activities that foster the development of health promotion counseling skills in both nursing and medical students.
Teaching Undergraduate Nursing Research: A Narrative Review of Evaluation Studies and a Typology for Further Research
Authors: Porter Eileen J
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Before knowledge about strategies for teaching undergraduate nursing research can be synthesized, it must be demonstrated that studies evaluating teaching outcomes are valid. A narrative review using Cook and Campbell's validity framework for experimental and quasi-experimental studies was done to appraise the validity of the eight studies in which teaching strategies for undergraduate research have been evaluated. Although the studies sampled had evidence of uncontrolled threats to validity, the research reports emphasized the teaching strategy's "contextual validity" rather than the study's internal or external validity. This insight stimulated questions about the appropriateness of a traditional perspective on validity for research designed to evaluate teaching strategies. Accordingly, a "typology for research on strategies for teaching research," loosely based on Beer and Bloomer's schema for evaluation research, was proposed. The typology consists of four categories of evaluation studies that vary according to purpose, methodological assumptions, types of validity emphasized, and student sample size. The four categories, which are minimally represented in the current literature, are complementary approaches for further evaluation studies of teaching strategies in undergraduate nursing research.
Assessing the Value of the Follow-Through Family Project for Students and Families
Authors: Broom Betty L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Although not a new teaching strategy, the followthrough family assignment is receiving renewed attention from maternity nursing faculty in light of shorter hospital stays and increased competition for clinical sites. The purpose of this evaluation study was to assess the project's value as a learning experience for students and to determine its benefits for participating families. The findings indicate that students enjoyed establishing therapeutic relationships with their families and helping childbearing families answer health care questions. Students developed primary care skills, increased their self-confidence, and developed an appreciation of childbearing as a transition event for the family. Families appreciated students' educational support and individualized assistance. Families also enjoyed feeling that they had helped their student nurses learn. Overall, the benefits of the followthrough family project appear to outweigh the costs for both students and families.
Preregistration Nursing Education in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America
Authors: Lusk Brigid , Russell R Lynette , Rodgers Jan , Wilson-Barnett Jenifer
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The debate concerning nurses' diverse entry into practice was enlivened in 1995, when the American Nurses Association reaffirmed its contention that a baccalaureate degree was necessary for professional nursing practice. This debate may be informed by an appreciation of the educational routes taken by other countries that have changed from hospital-based to college-based nursing education. This paper describes and analyzes preregistration nursing education in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, from the late nineteenth century to the present. Nurses in Australia and New Zealand are currently educated entirely at the baccalaureate level. In the United Kingdom, nursing education is in the process of becoming completely university-based, resulting hi a diploma or degree. In the United States, the majority of nurses graduate from two-year associate degree programs. This level of education, briefer than in the other countries described, potentially limits nurses' professional contributions.
Academic Leadership Style Predictors for Nursing Faculty Job Satisfaction in Taiwan
Authors: Shieh Hueih-Lirng , Mills Mary Etta , Waltz Carolyn F
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of nursing deans' and nursing directors' transformational and transactional leadership styles on nursing faculty job satisfaction in baccalaureate and associate degree nursing programs in Taiwan. The study provides a mechanism by which nursing deans or nursing directors can obtain feedback from nursing faculty about leadership styles. Such feedback can then serve as the basis for further development of academic nursing leadership potential in Taiwan. The theory of transformational versus transactional leadership style guided this study. A cross-sectional mailed survey design was conducted. A convenience sample of 233 nursing faculty participated in this study. Idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, and contingent reward leadership styles significantly and positively predicted job satisfaction. However, active managementby-exception significantly and negatively predicted job satisfaction. Nursing leaders should implement effective leadership styles. Study implications for nursing education administration, limitations, and recommendations for future studies were discussed.
Experiences of Japanese Nurse Scholars: Insights for U.S. Faculty
Authors: Doutrich Dawn
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this paper is to describe the international educational experiences of Japanese nurse scholars to develop more understanding within academic settings in the United States (U.S.). Based on Heideggerian phenomenology, interpretive methods were used to analyze 42 interviews. Participants of this study were 22 Japanese nurse scholars who had received or were in the process of receiving master or doctoral degrees from schools of nursing in the U.S., and three Japanese nurse consultants. To build trust and aid with self-disclosure, participants were interviewed up to three times. The analytic process used overlapping strategies, including early identification of principal themes, interpretive writing based on exemplars, and paradigm cases illustrative of major themes. Themes discussed in this paper include: changes in the sense of self; cultural differences in selfdisclosure; the importance of the advisor; mental health issues; strategies for support; differences between practices in the U.S. and Japan; and experiences of returning to Japan.
Nurse Practitioner Curriculum for the 21st Century: A Model for Evaluation and Revision
Authors: Gagan Mary Jo , Berg Judy , Root Sylvia
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The popularity and acceptance of the nurse practitioner (NP) role, developed in response to a need for additional health care providers, have led to large numbers of educational programs that prepare nurses for NP practice. These programs, following guidelines developed by the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties Curriculum Guidelines Task Force prepare NPs who are able to provide care to individuals and families throughout the life span. However, in the present health care environment, the NP curriculum constantly must be monitored and evaluated to reflect change.

The authors developed a model for curricula revision that incorporates the elements of health policy, community needs and demands, and curriculum goals. This model promotes ongoing reflection on the educational product and assesses graduates' abilities to serve clients and communities within the constraints and opportunities afforded by the current health care system. This model is proactive and embraces the nurse practitioner curriculum guidelines as its core.
Learning to Lecture: Exploring the Skills, Strategies, and Practices of New Teachers in Nursing Education
Authors: Young Patricia , Diekelmann Nancy
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A common experience among new teachers is learning how to lecture. Lecturing is a skill, a strategy, and a practice. As a skill, lecturing is learned over time. For example, teachers learn how to select content to hold students' attention. Lecturing is a strategy teachers use when they want to efficiently cover a great deal of content. In addition, it is a practice that has shared meanings, practical knowledge, and language. Exploring how new teachers learn to lecture clarifies the nature, meaning, and significance of lecturing in nursing education. The study described in this article used Heideggerian hermeneutic analyses to explicate the common experiences (i.e., themes and patterns) of new nurse teachers. Learning to Lecture as a theme is described, and implications for teacher preparation and future research are offered.
CONGENITAL PTOSIS
Authors: Fox Sidney A
Published: April 2021

1. LEVATOR RESECTION
Safety Evaluation of BSS Plus in Pediatric Intraocular Surgery
Authors: Burke Miles J , Parks Marshall M , Calhoun Joseph H , Diamond James G , deFaller Joseph M
Published: April 2021

Abstract

An open-label study was conducted to determine the safety of a new intraocular irrigating solution, BSS Plus, when used during pediatric ophthalmic surgery. BSS Plus is a modified glutathione-bicarbonate-Ringer's solution which contains the necessary ions, buffers, and substrates for maintenance of normal cellular metabolism, function, and structural integrity when used as a perfusate during ophthalmic surgical procedures. At three centers, 30 patients undergoing lens aspiration or anterior segment reconstruction using vitrectomy instrumentation were enrolled in this study. Transient postoperative increases in intraocular pressure and internal or external ocular inflammatory signs were seen which were consistent with the trauma produced by the surgical procedure. The solution was judged to be safe when used in these surgical indications.
The Diagnosis and Management of the Superior Rectus Suspension Syndrome
Authors: Gillum William N , Anderson Richard L , Baumgartner Sally
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The diagnosis and management of patients having had superior rectus suspension procedures for the correction of blepharoptosis can be quite difficult. Patients who have had these procedures frequently present with a syndrome which includes: 1) history of an unknown type of ptosis surgery performed at least ten years ago, 2) good eyelid excursion, 3) minimal lid lag associated with marked lagophthalmos, 4) hypotropia, and 5) corneal scarring. One must evert the upper eyelid to demonstrate the pathognomonic adhesion between tarsus and the superior rectus muscle. The correct management of this condition is virtually impossible until the diagnosis is made. To correct the corneal and motility problems that result from superior rectus suspension procedures, the adhesion between the superior rectus muscle and the upper eyelid must be released. It is very easy to overlook this syndrome if one is unaware of its presentation. We present five patients who illustrate the superior rectus suspension syndrome.
Observations in Sensory Heterotropia
Authors: Sidikaro Yossi , von Noorden Gunter K
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Sensory heterotropia is defined as a secondary deviation following loss or severe reduction in visual function in one eye. We have analyzed the records of 12 1 patients with sensory heterotropias with the purpose of correlating the direction deviation of (eso- or exotropia) with age of onset of visual loss. Esotropia and exotropia were encountered with almost equal frequency when the onset of visual impairment occurred at birth or between birth and 5 years of age and exotropia predominated in older children and adults. We also found a strikingly high incidence of dysfunction of the oblique muscles in patients with sensory eso- and exodeviations. The inferior oblique muscle was the most freq uently involved muscle.

Sensory heterotropia is defined as a deviation of one eye following loss or severe impairment of visual acuity. Due to a sensory obstacle to fusion, the fusion reflex innervation becomes suspended and the visually impaired eye changes its position relative to that of the fixating eye and becomes esotropie or exotropic. While most authors agree that the direction of the deviation (esotropia or exotropia) depends on the age at which the visual impairment occurred, there is little agreement on the type of strabismus in the various age groups. For instance, Chavasse1 stated that eyes born blind or having lost vision shortly after birth diverge. Hamburger,J on the other hand, writes that most eyes with congenital unilateral blindness or severe visual impairment in early childhood converge. There is similar disagreement as to the direction of strabismus when the onset of visual impairment is during childhood or adolescence. In view of this discrepancy, and as our preliminary clinical impressions were not in accord with either of the two extreme views stated above,1 we analyzed the records of patients with sensory tropia with the purpose of describing the clinical characteristics of this entity.
Isolated, Bilateral Orbital Mass Lesions During Childhood
Authors: Grimson Baird S , Cohen Kenneth L , Peiffer Robert L , Bouldin Thomas W
Published: April 2021

Abstract

A 9-year-old female developed bilateral orbital masses over four months without associated orbital inflammation or systemic disease. Orbital biopsy documented an unusual presentation of childhood pseudotumor. Nine days following surgery orbital inflammatory signs appeared suddenly and involved both the unoperated and biopsied orbits equally. These ortibal lesions resolved completely after three months of systemic corticosteroid therapy.

The sudden and progressive development of palpable bilateral orbital mass lesions rarely occurs in children without readily identifiable systemic disease. The 9year-old girl described herein acquired bilateral orbital space-occupying lesions without evidence of ocular, orbital, or systemic abnormalities.
Measured Graduated Recession of the Superior Oblique Muscle
Authors: Romano Paul , Roholt Philip
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Six patients underwent bilateral superior oblique recession for ?-pattern strabismus with overacting superior obliques. The established technique was modified to permit the entire procedure to be carried out through a single nasal fornix incision. The amount of recession WBB graduated and measured both directly from the point of the original incision anteriorly and indirectly from the nasal of the corner of the superior rectus insertion based on anatomical measurements.

A good correlation was found between the amount (measured directly) of recession performed and reduction in the ?-pattern. The relationship was linear. By extrapolation the first 8 mm of superior obliquesurgery had no effect but thereafter the- effect obtained was 2 diopters reduction in ?-pattern for every mm of superior oblique surgery. No similar correlation was found for the amount of recession performed measured indirectly.

There was no correlation between reduction in superior oblique overaction and the amount of recession performed. This was believed to be due, at least in part, to an inaccurate eystem of measurement of superior oblique overaction. We now, therefore, measure superior oblique overaction in mm using the corneal light reflexes.

There was, however, a good correlation between the amount of preoperative superior oblique overaction and the effect obtained.
Congenital Glaucoma Associated With Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica Congenita: Two Case Reports
Authors: Sato Sam E , Herschler Jonathan , Lynch Peter J , Hodes Barton L , Fryczkowski Andrzej W , Schlosser Harry D
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Two cases of cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita are described in association with nevus flammeus and congenital glaucoma. Approximately 65 cases have been reported and the association with nevus flammeus and congenital glaucoma has only been reported in one of those cases. Unlike the glaucoma associated with nevus flammeus of Sturge-Weber, this type of congenital glaucoma appears to be associated with an abnormal filtration angle rather than an increased episcleral venous pressure.
Congenital Toxoplasmosis Presenting as Isolated Acute Chorioretinitis in the Neonate
Authors: Dunn Scott A , Schwartz Daniel , Brinkley James , Wright Kenneth W
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We describe a neonate with congenital ocular toxoplasmosis that presented as isolated, acute bilateral retinochoroiditis. Although toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis is not rare, it is quite unusual to diagnose congenital toxoplasmosis based on isolated bilateral retinochoroiditis in an otherwise healthy neonate. Bilateral retinochoroiditis can be caused by syphilis, herpes virus, cytomegalovirus, and toxoplasmosis. Because specific treatments now exist for these conditions, it is important to establish proper diagnosis so that treatment can be initiated promptly. The differential diagnosis, work-up, and management of retinochoroiditis in the newborn is presented and discussed.
Metastatic Serratia marcescens Endophthalmitis
Authors: de Courten Christian , Sancho Patricio , BenEzra David
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Metastatic endophthalmitis in a ten-day-old baby who underwent colostomy for an unperforated anus and developed septicemia to Serratia marcescens is described. Although rapid isolation of the agent enabled efficacious specific antibiotic treatment and systemic eradication of the infective agent, the ocular condition continued to deteriorate. Because of the total loss of visual functions and the fear of possible development of sympathetic ophthalmia, enucleation rather than vitrectomy or evisceration was performed. Histopathologic examination of the globe revealed massive infiltrates within the choroid and optic nerve with total destruction of the retinal architecture. The child recovered immediately after surgery and was discharged a week later.
Lensectomy in an Infant With Cri du Chat Syndrome and Cataracts
Authors: Farrell James W , Morgan Keith S , Black Susan
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We report an 11-month-old infant with cri du chat syndrome and cataracts. The chromosomal abnormality was transmitted via a balanced 5/11 translocation from a phenotypically normal mother. The child underwent bilateral cataract extraction and was fitted with extended wear contact lenses. Congenital cataracts may be associated with cri du chat syndrome.
The Deterioration of Accommodative Esotropia: Frequency, Characteristics, and Predictive Factors
Authors: Dickey Carol Flabetich , Scott William E
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A number of patients with accommodative esotropia who are initially well controlled in their spectacle correction will deteriorate. To obtain an overall estimate of the prevalence of deterioration and to examine the associated clinical features for an indication of which factors may influence deterioration, 114 charts ol patients with the diagnosis of accommodative esotropia, who were followed for a period of at least 10 years, were reviewed. Results of this review showed that 15 of the 114 patients (13%) deteriorated. Overall, 73 patients had a normal AC/A ratio (viz <5:1 by the grathent method) and 41 patients had a high AC/A ratio; deterioration occurred in statistically identical proportions in each group. There was an increasing frequency of deterioration the longer the delay between the onset of esodeviation and prescription of optical correction. In addition, deterioration was found to be most prevalent in patients for whom the age of onset was 24 months or younger. Other parameters were consistent with features typically reported in cases of accommodative esotropia.
Color Vision in Diabetic School Children
Authors: Mäntyjärvi Maija I , Nousiainen Iiris S T , Myöhänen Terttu
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The color vision of 64 diabetic school children was studied. Acquired color vision defects due to diabetes could not be found in any of the children. IWo of the children had a congenital red-green color vision defect. In the examination, three different pseudoisochromatic plate tests (lsihara, Standard Pseudoisochromatic Plates part 2, and Lanthony Tritan Album) were used as well as the Nagel anomaloscope and three different cap arrangement tests (Panel D 15, Lanthony Desaturated Panel, and Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue). The plate tests and the anomaloscope examination were fast, reliable, and well accepted by the children. The cap arrangement tests took more time, and many of the children neither liked nor properly performed these tests. Twelve color dependent glucose strip tests for diabetes care at home were also studied. A few of the youngest school children made mistakes in interpreting the colors of these strips, although their color vision was normal.
A Behavioral Approach to Physical Rehabilitation: A Case Study
Authors: Forsland Carmen K , Errickson Eric A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This report presents an application of a behavioral approach used in treatment of a 65year-old multiple handicapped woman admitted to a 29-bed physical rehabilitation hospital unit. Measurement used was a combined multiple baseline and BABA design. Findings can be summarized as follows: 1) Inappropriate behavior decreased during treatment, i.e., call outs and appropriate behavior increased, time spent out of bed, adhering to her diet, and wearing of a back brace; 2) Treatment quickly generalized to other behaviors; 3) Follow-up measures at 6 and 18 months showed continued improvement.
Assessment of Suicide Risk: Some Limitations in the Prediction of Infrequent Events
Authors: Capodanno Ann E , Targum Steven D
Published: April 2021

Abstract: Efforts to predict suicide and attempted suicide generally have yielded equivocal results. Neither single signs, standard psychological tests, specially devised tests, clinical judgments nor scales arefound to be able to predict suicide at useful levels. Prediction of suicide is hampered by the relative rarity of this behavior together with the inadequate specificity of clinical characteristics and antecedent events. No highly unique descriptive attributes of suicide committers have been discovered. Within these existing limitations, a set of potential predictor variables are presented that may result in improved prediction of suicidal risk.
Rehospitalized Schizophrenics
Authors: del Campo E Jean Hartigan , Carr Carolyn F , Correa Eileen
Published: April 2021

What They Report About Illness, Treatment and Compliance
Family Systems: Values and Value Conflicts
Authors: Swanson Ardis R , Hurley Patricia M
Published: April 2021

New applications of the theory to clinical practice ana in nursing education.
DEPRESSION in Women
Authors: Gordon Verona C , Ledray Linda E
Published: April 2021

THE CHALLENGE OF TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
PILOT DAY PROGRAM
Authors: Anonymous
Published: April 2021

TREATMENT PROJECT
UNIFORMS, JOURNALS DEDUCTIBLE
Authors: Anonymous
Published: April 2021

TAX TIPS
FEDERAL HEALTH PROPOSALS
Authors: Anonymous
Published: April 2021

REAGAN VETO
TOLL FREE HOTLINE
Authors: Anonymous
Published: April 2021

CHEMICAL DEPENDENCE
First Rate
Authors: Hardin Sally Brosz , Durham Jerry D
Published: April 2021

A survey of clients and nurse psychotherapists gives the emerging practice area of nurse psychotherapy high marks for client and therapist satisfaction.
TOP RANKED SCHOOLS
Authors: Anonymous
Published: April 2021

EDUCATION
PROTECTS AGAINST STAINS
Authors: Anonymous
Published: April 2021

NEW MATTRESS PAD
UPDATED EDITION
Authors: Anonymous
Published: April 2021

MEDICATION CARDS
CHILD DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Anonymous
Published: April 2021

FELLOWSHIPS
ELDERLY OVERLOOKED
Authors: Anonymous
Published: April 2021

MENTAL DISORDERS
VIDEO AVAILABLE
Authors: Anonymous
Published: April 2021

CAMBODIAN HEALTH
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
Authors: Anonymous
Published: April 2021

NEW DRUGS
The PREGNANT THERAPIST
Authors: Barden Ann Catherman
Published: April 2021

Pregnancy of a therapist serves as a strong stimulus in transference reactions. With more women entering the workforce, and therefore, more pregnant therapists conducting therapy, more attention needs to be focused on this issue so that turmoil, acting-out, and possible selfdestructive behaviors of clients can be minimized.
Elderly Rights Issues and Psychoanalytic Theory
Authors: Anonymous
Published: April 2021

Psychoanalysis Offers Insight Into Society's Treatment of Aged
Adult Survivors of Childhood Incest
Authors: Lowery Mattie
Published: April 2021

"I always felt disconnected, somehow not a part of anyone or anything. I always thought of what other people needed. I never felt that I needed anything good or that anyone could ever be good to me. Incest is a violation of every human existing right, no man, woman, or child should have the right to commit such an ad to another human being. "
RELIGION and PSYCHIATRY Cognitive Dissonance in Nursing Students
Authors: Lederach Naomi K , Lederach John Paul
Published: April 2021

Integrating Faith Values With Mental Health Principles
Study Shows Anti-Anxiety Drug May Help Reduce Alcohol Craving, Drinking Behavior and Anxiety
Authors: Anonymous
Published: April 2021

May also reduce potential for alcoholic relapse
Research & Informed CONSENT
Authors: Floyd Jeanne
Published: April 2021

The Dilemma of the Cognitively Impaired Client
Why Research Doesn't Yield Treatment
Authors: Baier Marjorie
Published: April 2021

Dissemination and utilization of research has been proposed as the path for nursing to take in order to become a science. But nursing research with chronically mentally ill clients faces obstacles such that frequently the findings cannot be used to develop treatment models.

MARJORIE BAIER, MS, RN, CS, explores