bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of the risk stratification newly defined in the Japanese Urological Association guidelines 2019 for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer: A multi‐institutional collaborative study
Authors: Miyamoto Tatsuki , Miyake Makito , Nakahama Tomonori , Nishimura Nobutaka , Onishi Kenta , Iida Kouta , Yonemori Masaya , Enokida Hideki , Nakagawa Masayuki , Matsumoto Hiroaki , Matsuyama Hideyasu , Matsushita Yuto , Miyake Hideaki , Fujii Tomomi , Shimada Keiji , Baba Satoshi , Kinjyo Mitsuru , Shimokama Tatsuro , Okumura Koji , Fujimoto Kiyohide ,   Nishinihon Uro‐oncology Extensive Collaboration group
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To validate the risk stratification newly defined in the Japanese Urological Association guidelines 2019 for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer and provide a more accurate stratification model for a heterogeneous intermediate‐risk group.

Methods

A total of 1610 patients, who underwent transurethral resection, diagnosed with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer in nine collaborating hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. They were classified into low‐risk, intermediate‐risk, high‐risk, and highest‐risk groups, and recurrence‐free survival, progression‐free survival, cancer‐specific survival, and overall survival were compared among the groups. The intermediate‐risk group was subdivided into two groups based on the multivariable Cox regression model of recurrence and progression risk factors, and a revised risk model was created.

Results

The progression‐free survival, cancer‐specific survival, and overall survival were well stratified, while the recurrence‐free survival of the intermediate‐risk group was the shortest among the four groups (p < 0.001). The independent risk factors for recurrence and progression‐free survival in the intermediate‐risk group were as follows: age ≥ 70 years, sex, multiple tumors, tumor size ≥3 cm, and recurrent cases. The intermediate‐risk group was subdivided into two groups: favorable intermediate‐risk group and unfavorable intermediate‐risk group. The revised risk model showed significant differences.

Conclusion

We validated the Japanese Urological Association guidelines 2019 stratification model. The revised risk model provided a more accurate treatment selection for this disease subset.
Research progress and insights on the role of ferroptosis in wound healing
Authors: Bi Minglei , Li Danyi , Zhang Jin
Published: February 2023

Ferroptosis is a newly discovered cell death type which is different from apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis as well as necrosis in the following aspects: morphology, biochemistry, gene and regulatory mechanisms. Ferroptosis is regulated by multiples of mechanisms such as system Xc− mechanism, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) mechanism, iron metabolism and lipid metabolism. Currently, ferroptosis has been revealed to be significant in wound healing such as diabetic wound, irradiated wound and ultraviolet (UV)‐driven wound. Hence, how to intervene in the pathogenesis as well as the development of wounds and promote the wound healing by the regulation of ferroptosis have become a research hotspot. This review systematically summarises the latest scientific advances of ferroptosis and wound healing fields, with hoping to propose a new insight and advance in the wound treatment.
Registered nurse mentors' experiences from co‐creation in higher education targeting enhancement of mentorship practices in nursing homes: A qualitative study
Authors: Frøiland Christina T. , Akerjordet Kristin , Aase Ingunn , Husebø Anne Marie Lunde , Andersen Linda Lundgaard , Laugaland Kristin
Published: February 2023

Aim

To explore registered nurse (RN) mentors' experiences of participating in the co‐creation of a digital educational resource intended to enhance mentorship practices of first‐year nursing students in clinical placement in nursing homes.

Design

An interpretive, descriptive qualitative study design.

Methods

Data were collected through two focus group interviews with 15 RN mentors (n = 15) participating in co‐creative workshops. The co‐creative process entailed four co‐creative workshops conducted over a 17‐month period (June 2019 to end of Oct 2020). Focus group interviews were conducted following the second and third workshops (i.e., in Dec 2019 and in Oct 2020) and data were analysed using thematic analysis. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist was used to report the findings.

Results

The analysis identified three themes: (1) co‐creative reflective dialogues contributed to knowledge development and increased motivation among mentors; (2) the co‐creative approach facilitated and validated the nursing academic‐practice tripartite partnership; and (3) effectiveness of workshop structure in facilitating collaboration and mitigating power inequities.

Conclusion

A co‐creative process provides notable opportunities to advocate for mentorship needs and to enhance mentorship practices in nursing homes.

Impact

Our study adds to the evidence on co‐creation in nursing education, providing insights on the co‐creative process and methodology. Higher Education Institutions are uniquely positioned to act as a co‐creative arena for the academic–practice collaboration and for the development of educational resources within nursing education. Co‐creation may facilitate stronger academic–practice partnership that may more effectively impact mentorship practices in nursing homes and health care system effectiveness.

Public Contributions

The RNs included in the study were involved in the co‐creative process as active contributors informing the digital educational resource content and design.
Understanding and improving biosecurity among recreational anglers in Great Britain
Authors: Smith Emily R. C. , Heal Richard , Wood Louisa E.
Published: February 2023

Recreational fishing with the principal motivation of leisure is associated with important economic, social and conservation values. Nonetheless, it is also a primary pathway for the introduction and spread of invasive non‐native species and aquatic animal disease. Several studies have explored the overall biosecurity risk posed by recreational anglers based on self‐reported behaviours and the awareness of biosecurity campaigns. Nonetheless, there has been little in‐depth exploration of the characteristics of key stakeholders who are implementing biosecurity best practices and the barriers that prevent anglers from undertaking biosecurity measures in the field. This study addresses this knowledge gap using an online questionnaire to collect information on angler socio‐demographic characteristics, voluntary biosecurity behaviour and barriers affecting the implementation of biosecurity best practices in Great Britain. The results indicated that cleaning behaviours vary considerably among anglers, with angling frequency and the number of pieces of equipment affecting how likely anglers were to clean and dry these items. High levels of disinfectant use were reported among anglers, potentially attributed to the concurrent advocation of disinfectant to prevent the spread of aquatic animal disease. Barriers affecting the implementation of correct cleaning behaviours included a combination of factors, such as practicality, disability, lack of available information and individual values. These findings illustrate the importance for fishery managers, water companies and policymakers to tailor prevention measures and facilities for anglers to maximise the practicality of biosecurity measures and encourage long‐term implementation of best practices.
Is flood mitigation funding distributed equitably? Evidence from coastal states in the southeastern United States
Authors: Tyler Jenna , Entress Rebecca M. , Sun Pin , Noonan Douglas , Sadiq Abdul‐Akeem
Published: February 2023

The United States Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) provides funding to state and local governments as well as tribes and territories (SLTTs) through its Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) grant program to engage in flood risk management efforts. Although all communities are susceptible to flooding, flooding does not impact communities equally. This article contributes to FEMA's goal of addressing equity concerns by examining whether the FMA program is distributed equitably in counties located in eight coastal states in the United States. Using secondary data from OpenFEMA, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, and parcel‐level flood risk data from First Street Foundation from 2016 to 2020, results indicate that socially vulnerable counties are less likely to receive FMA funding, and counties with greater average flood risk are more likely to receive FMA funding. The findings suggest that there is an opportunity for FEMA to improve the FMA program so that funding can be more equitably distributed, such as providing grant writing and application training and support to socially vulnerable communities, educating socially vulnerable communities about the benefits of the FMA program, and extending the application deadline for socially vulnerable communities impacted by flood events.
Comparing the fundamental movement skill proficiency of children with intellectual disabilities and typically developing children: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kavanagh H. , Manninen M. , Issartel J.
Published: February 2023

Background

Children around the world, particularly those with intellectual disabilities (ID), are exhibiting poor motor skill proficiency. Compared with typically developing children (TDC), children with intellectual disabilities (CwID) are 65% more likely to exhibit low levels of motor competence. The purpose of this meta‐analysis was to compare the motor skill proficiency levels, in terms of fundamental movement skills (FMS) of CwID to TDC. FMS are the building blocks required for lifelong participation in sport and physical activity.

Method

The meta‐analysis was conducted according to PRISMA statement guidelines. 6 electronic databases were searched and 16, 679 studies were found. A total of 26 studies (total participants n = 3,525) met the inclusion criteria. A multivariate maximum likelihood multivariate random effects model was fitted to the data using the metafor package in R.

Results

The study showed that the standardised mean difference (Hedges' g) in FMS between TDC and CwID is large (g = 1.24; CI 95% [.87, 1.62]). Specifically, significant differences between the two groups emerged in all five outcomes: (1) total locomotor score, (2) total object manipulation score, (3) balance, (4) run skill and (5) throw skill.

Conclusions

Further investigation into effective intervention strategies is required in order to reduce the magnitude of difference in motor skill proficiency between the two groups. In addition to developing, implementing and evaluating these interventions, researchers need to work hand in hand with national governing bodies (NGB) of sport and policy makers to ensure that teachers and coaches are being provided with opportunities to upskill in the area of FMS.
Chronic limb‐threatening ischaemia and confronting amputation: A Heideggerian derived understanding of Being‐with and discourse
Authors: Monaro Susan , West Sandra , Gullick Janice
Published: February 2023

Aims and Objectives

To explore the notion of Being‐with and authentic discourse for people making decisions about major amputation.

Background

Chronic limb‐threatening ischaemia is a devastating disease with a high burden of pain and complex wounds. Patients may deteriorate suddenly after multiple revascularisation procedures and, amputation is offered when further reperfusion is considered futile. Delayed decisions about amputation have negative consequences for patients, families and health systems, yet little attention is given to training clinicians for the sophisticated communication required. Clinicians need to engage in authentic discourse about amputation to create shared meaning and facilitate decision‐making.

Design

Qualitative study using hermeneutic Heideggerian phenomenology.

Methods

Twelve patients offered major amputation, and 13 family participants from three vascular units in Australia engaged in 42 semi‐structured interviews, representing 19 cases of chronic limb‐threatening ischaemia. Hermeneutic phenomenology using the Heideggerian tenet of Being‐with as an analytic framework, a philosophically based understanding of Being‐with and Discourse related to treatment discussions and decisions was derived. The research was reported in accordance with the COREQ checklist.

Findings

Effective discourse between the person and family was hampered by changed circumstances of Being‐with, characterised by guilt, and a retreat from discourse through deficient discourse and filtering information. Clinician Being‐with was hampered by discourse that was deficient, poorly delivered, discordant and disconnected through a lack of empathetic listening. There were also examples of enhanced clinician Being‐with that made room for more constructive discourse and more timely decisions about amputation.

Conclusions

Heidegger's construct of Being‐with provides a useful framework to reveal the role of authentic discourse in improving patient and family experience and decisions about treatment.

No Patient or Public Contribution

This study did not engage consumers other than as patient and carer participants.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Decisions about amputation are often difficult for patients or family members who may be substitute decision‐makers. A better understanding of the experience may assist clinicians in their interactions with patients and families.
Which mode of governance for the innovation cities of Moroccan public universities?
Authors: Nahid Hanane , Marzougui Yassine
Published: February 2023

The project to create innovation cities is part of the national innovation strategy developed since 2009, and of Law No. 01.00 on the organization of higher education which allowed to adopt judicious programs relating to the valorization of research and innovation within the universities. Therefore, to promote the valorization of research and to make society benefit from its results, various initiatives have been initiated. These initiatives gave birth to the Innovation Cities project. This project was designed around the axes of governance, regulatory framework, infrastructure, financing, support, and talent mobilization. Nevertheless, despite the results obtained, in terms of innovation and valorization of scientific research and also in terms of development of the entrepreneurial culture, difficulties hinder the management and governance of these complex ecosystems. As a result, the expected objectives could not be reached. The problematic posed is to question the difficulties encountered which are more related to the lack of adequate governance mode for this kind of structures allowing them to be able to release energies and promote innovation. In which, we will, in the first step, identify the difficulties due to the lack of efficient governance, and in the second step, show the different possible scenarios, proposed within the framework of the European Erasmus+ INSITES project “Institutionalization of Innovation and Knowledge Transfer Structures,” in view of the requirement of the missions of the cities of innovation and of the regulation in force, to implement an enlightened, transparent and quality governance.
Multimodal analysis of the COVID‐19‐associated mucormycosis outbreak in Delhi, India indicates the convergence of clinical and environmental risk factors
Authors: Chowdhary Anuradha , Gupta Nitesh , Wurster Sebastian , Kumar Raj , Mohabir Jason T. , Tatavarthy Shashidhar , Mittal Vikas , Rani Preeti , Barman Purabi , Sachdeva Neelam , Singh Ashutosh , Sharma Brijesh , Jiang Ying , Cuomo Christina A. , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P.
Published: February 2023

Background

The aetiology of the major outbreak of COVID‐19‐associated mucormycosis (CAM) in India in spring 2021 remains incompletely understood. Herein, we provide a multifaceted and multi‐institutional analysis of clinical, pathogen‐related, environmental and healthcare‐related factors during CAM outbreak in the metropolitan New Delhi area.

Methods

We reviewed medical records of all patients diagnosed with biopsy‐proven CAM (n = 50) at 7 hospitals in the New Delhi, and NCR area in April–June 2021. Two multivariate logistic regression models were used to compare clinical characteristics of CAM cases with COVID‐19‐hospitalised contemporary patients as controls (n = 69). Additionally, meteorological parameters and mould spore concentrations in outdoor air were analysed. Selected hospital fomites were cultured. Mucorales isolates from CAM patients were analysed by ITS sequencing and whole‐genome sequencing (WGS).

Results

Independent risk factors for CAM identified by multivariate analysis were previously or newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus, active cancer and severe COVID‐19 infection. Supplemental oxygen, remdesivir therapy and ICU admission for COVID‐19 were associated with reduced CAM risk. The CAM incidence peak was preceded by an uptick in environmental spore concentrations in the preceding 3–4 weeks that correlated with increasing temperature, high evaporation and decreasing relative humidity. Rhizopus was the most common genus isolated, but we also identified two cases of the uncommon Mucorales, Lichtheimia ornata. WGS found no clonal population of patient isolates. No Mucorales were cultured from hospital fomites.

Conclusions

An intersection of host and environmental factors contributed to the emergence of CAM. Surrogates of access to advanced COVID‐19 treatment were associated with lower CAM risk.
Does ecological footprint affect biocapacity? Evidence from the experiences of G20 countries
Authors: Shen Yongchang , Yue Shujing
Published: February 2023

The use of the difference between ecological footprint and biocapacity to evaluate the sustainable development of a country may be biased. Therefore, we discuss the nonlinear impact of the ecological footprint on biocapacity from the perspective of the self‐regulation capacity of the ecosystem, which provides a new perspective for evaluating the sustainability of a country. Using panel data of the G20 countries, this study establishes a panel smooth transition model with a continuous transition process, which abandons the constraints of linear models and agrees with the gradual characteristics of ecosystem evolution. The results show that: (1) For the G20 countries, the influence of ecological footprint on biocapacity presents an inverted “U” curve. (2) From the perspective of the degree of development of a country, the growth of the ecological footprint of a developing country will weaken its biocapacity, whereas that of a developed country will enhance its biocapacity. (3) Economic growth weakens biocapacity, and overheated economic growth may have an irreversible impact on the ecosystem. (4) Technological progress and population density growth will enhance biocapacity.
Catheter ablation of left atrial tachycardia adjacent to a septal closure device: A multifaceted challenge?
Authors: Ali Hussam , Ambroggi Guido De , Contrafatto Igino , Bessi Riccardo , Lupo Pierpaolo , Foresti Sara , Cristiano Ernesto , Cappato Riccardo
Published: February 2023

Catheter ablation (CA) of left atrial tachycardia adjacent to implanted septal closure devices represents a multifaceted challenge. We describe the case of a 57‐year‐old patient with remote percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect who underwent successful CA of left atrial tachycardia adjacent to the septal device using a transaortic approach and RF energy. Besides the technical difficulties and associated risks, interference between the device and applied RF parameters may limit ablation efficiency. Further research is required to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and optimal energy type/parameters when ablating arrhythmias adjacent to these devices.
Silencing a dehydration‐responsive element‐binding gene enhances the resistance of plants to a phloem‐feeding herbivore
Authors: Zhou Shuxing , Gao Qing , Chen Mengting , Zhang Yuebai , Li Jiancai , Guo Jingran , Lu Jing , Lou Yonggen
Published: February 2023

Herbivore‐induced plant defence responses share common components with plant responses to abiotic stresses. However, whether abiotic stress‐responsive factors influence the resistance of plants to herbivores by regulating these components remains largely unknown. Here, we cloned a dehydration‐responsive element‐binding gene in rice, OsDREB1A, and investigated its role in the resistance of rice to the phloem‐feeding herbivore, brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens), under normal and low temperatures. We found that OsDREB1A localized to the nucleus, and its transcripts in rice were up‐regulated in response to BPH infestation, low temperatures and treatment with methyl jasmonate or salicylic acid. Silencing OsDREB1A changed transcript levels of two defence‐related WRKY and two PLD genes, enhanced levels of jasmonic acid (JA), JA‐isoleucine and abscisic acid, and decreased the ethylene level in rice; these changes subsequently enhanced the resistance of plants to BPH, especially at 17°C, by decreasing the hatching rate and delaying the development of BPH eggs. Moreover, silencing OsDREB1A increased the growth of rice plants. These findings suggest that OsDREB1A, which positively regulates the resistance of rice to abiotic stresses, negatively regulates the resistance of rice to BPH.
Aggregative movement of C4 mesophyll chloroplasts is promoted by low CO2 under high intensity blue light
Authors: Kato Y. , Oi T. , Taniguchi M.
Published: February 2023

C4 plants supply concentrated CO2 to bundle sheath (BS) cells, improving photosynthetic efficiency by suppressing photorespiration. Mesophyll chloroplasts in C4 plants are redistributed toward the sides of the BS cells (aggregative movement) in response to environmental stresses under light. Although this chloroplast movement is common in C4 plants, the significance and mechanisms underlying the aggregative movement remain unknown.

Under environmental stresses, such as drought and salt, CO2 uptake from the atmosphere is suppressed by closing stomata to prevent water loss. We hypothesized that CO2 limitation may induce the chloroplast aggregative movement. In this study, the mesophyll chloroplast arrangement in a leaf of finger millet, an NAD‐malic enzyme type C4 plant, was examined under different CO2 concentrations and light conditions.

CO2 limitation around the leaves promoted the aggregative movement, but the aggregative movement was not suppressed, even at the higher CO2 concentration than in the atmosphere, under high intensity blue light. In addition, mesophyll chloroplasts did not change their arrangement under darkness or red light.

From these results, it can be concluded that CO2 limitation is not a direct inducer of the aggregative movement but would be a promoting factor of the movement under high intensity blue light.
The nexus between public sector corruption and private sector efficiency: Evidence from worldwide firm‐level data
Authors: Kumanayake Nandika Sanath , Kumara Ajantha Sisira , Pallegedara Asankha
Published: February 2023

Anti‐corruption is highlighted as one of the key institutional principles by the United Nations, as corruption hinders the progress in achieving sustainable development goals. However, the extant literature on how private firms' efficiency is influenced by corruption prevailing in regulatory agencies across economies has been inconclusive. Analyzing the World Bank Enterprise Survey data across 45,121 firms from 80 countries, this study finds that bribe payments to corrupt public officials by firms causes bureaucratic delays. Employing an instrumental variable Tobit framework to address the issue of endogeneity inherited with observational data, this study demonstrates that an increase in the magnitude of bribes and depth of corruption by one percentage point separately expands the firm managers' time being spent on regulatory requirements by 2.78 percentage points and 2.47 percentage points, respectively. The findings are robust to different specifications. The results imply the importance of promoting anti‐corruption measures across countries to create a conducive environment for firms to enhance efficiency, and thereby to achieve sustainable development goals successfully.
Correlation of HMGB1, TLR2 and TLR4 with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in sepsis patients
Authors: Lv Xinwei , Shi Xiaohui , Maihemuti Mutalifu , Yang Danping , Xiao Dong
Published: February 2023

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is a common consequence of sepsis due to dysregulated inflammatory responses. Here we aim to investigate high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) and toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) as serum biomarkers to assess LVDD risk of patients with sepsis. We recruited 120 patients with sepsis, among which 52 had ultrasonically confirmed LVDD and 68 were without LVDD. Blood samples were collected, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyse levels of HMGB1, TLR2 and TLR4 in serum. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess the odds ratio of the serum biomarkers. Spearman's correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the correlation between the serum biomarkers to B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnl) levels and the ratios of early diastolic mitral inflow velocity to early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (E/e′ ratios) in ultrasound. Receiver operating curve was used to measure the sensitivity and specificity of HMGB1, TLR2 and TLR4 individually and in combination as diagnostic markers. Elevated HMGB1, TLR2 and TLR4 had significant values in predicting LVDD suggested by high odds ratio (all P < .05). A significant correlation was found between these values and cTnl, the current gold standard for LVDD analysis. HMGB1, TLR2 and TLR4 also showed a high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in ROC analysis. HMGB1, TLR2 and TLR4 are potentially valuable in predicting LVDD risk among patients with sepsis, providing additional tools with the capability of potentially assisting the clinical management of patients with sepsis.
Evaluating the results of eyebrow lift by combining methods of subcutaneous flap and thread support in patients with droopy eyebrows
Authors: Shirani Gholamreza , Jalilian Reza , Shafiei Ehsan , Mohammadi Farnoush , Shamshiri Ahmadreza , Lotfi Hadi
Published: February 2023

Background

Brow lift also known as eyebrow lift was first described in 1919, and since then, many changes have been made in the methods of doing it, although there is still no agreed method of absolute superiority for eyebrow lift. Most previous studies have reported the results generally qualitatively and based on patient or surgeon satisfaction. In this study, by combining two less complicated methods of eyebrow lift, we have evaluated the quantitative results.

Method

Before the surgery, a standard photograph of the face was taken. The vertical distance between the tail of the eyebrow and interpupillary line was determined.

Results

This study was performed on 15 females with a mean age of 38.27 ± 6.82 years. The mean distance between the eyebrow and interpupillary line by photographic measurement before surgery, 3 weeks, and 6 months after surgery was, respectively, 10.45 ± 1.74, 15.72 ± 1.77, and 13.53 ± 1.69 mm using the tail of the eyebrow and 18.47 ± 1.67, 23.33 ± 1.57, and 21.55 ± 1.66 mm using the crown of the eyebrow. In the clinical measurement, the eyebrow tail was 11.98 ± 1.75, 19.22 ± 1.73, 17.35 ± 1.68 and 15.13 ± 1.76 mm away from the pupil line, and the crown of eyebrow was 20.45 ± 1.90, 27.12 ± 1.58, 25.00 ± 1.80, and 23.35±1.78 mm. There is a significant difference between the distance of the tail of the eyebrow and the crown of the eyebrow in both measurement methods (photographic and clinical) at different times (p‐value <0.001).

Conclusion

Performing eyebrow lift with the Pretrichial method has many comparative advantages to other methods. Additionally, eyebrow lift with the thread support is a less invasive method.
The Destructive Effect of Corruption on Economic Growth in Mali : a Nonlinear Model Analysis
Authors: Vivien Oyibo Paul , Emmanuel Brou Djandji , Marcel Anzian Kouamé , Emmanuel Djeban Koffi Mouroufié
Published: February 2023

A growing body of empirical work has raised awareness of the destructive effect of corruption on economic development, although no existing study has considered the threshold value at which corruption impedes economic growth. This study assesses the effect of corruption on economic growth by adopting a non-linear approach to determining the corruption threshold. By analyzing the effect of corruption on economic growth in Mali over the period 1988 to 2021, this study examines whether there is evidence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and corruption. The threshold effect of corruption is assessed using an augmented quadratic model. The results confirm the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between corruption and economic growth on the one hand and show the existence of a long-run relationship between these variables on the other hand, thus validating our initial hypothesis. Furthermore, the results show that economic growth peaks when the corruption perception index reaches 0.07 points. The main lessons to be drawn from these results are that below this threshold, corruption becomes a lubricant for economic growth, while above this threshold, it constitutes a brake on economic growth in Mali.
A Multiday Professional Padel Tournament Impairs Sleep, Mental Toughness, and Reaction Time: A World Padel Tour Field Study
Authors: Díaz-García Jesús , Roelands Bart , Habay Jelle , González-Ponce Inmaculada , López-Gajardo Miguel Ángel , García-Calvo Tomás , Van Cutsem Jeroen
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to assess, for the first time, how self-reported sleep, mental toughness, and reaction time are impacted by a professional padel tournament. In addition, we evaluated whether sex, age, and/or ranking play a role in this possible effect of a tournament on these variables. Twenty-three professional players (15 men, Mage = 24 ± 6 years; eight women, Mage = 21 ± 5 years) were evaluated on two occasions: (a) baseline, in a noncompetitive week and (b) postmeasure, the morning after an individual was eliminated from the tournament. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Mental Toughness Questionnaire, and the psychomotor vigilance task were used to evaluate the dependent variables. Wilcoxon tests or paired samples t tests were employed to assess the effect of participating in the tournament. To test correlations between variables, Pearson correlation coefficients (quantitative variables) or chi-square distributions (qualitative variables) were employed. Results showed that self-reported sleep (p < .01), mental toughness (p = .01), and reaction time (p = .04) were significantly impaired by the tournament. Exploring moderating variables, results showed that mental toughness did not correlate with sleep impairments (p > .05). In contrast, a nearly significant correlation between sleep impairments and higher reaction times was found (p = .066). No significant effects of age, sex, and ranking were observed. In conclusion, participating in a padel competition impairs the self-reported sleep, mental toughness, and reaction time of professional padel players. A trend toward a significant correlation between the competition-related impairment in sleep and reaction time was observed, whereas age, ranking, and sex were not found to be moderators of any of these impairments.
A gut-brain axis mediates sodium appetite via gastrointestinal peptide regulation on a medulla-hypothalamic circuit
Authors: Liu Yuchu , Wei Ji-an , Luo Zhihua , Cui Jing , Luo Yifan , Mak Sarah Oi Kwan , Wang Siqi , Zhang Fengwei , Yang Yan , So Kwok-Fai , Shi Lingling , Zhang Li , Chow Billy Kwok Chong
Published: February 2023

Salt homeostasis is orchestrated by both neural circuits and peripheral endocrine factors. The colon is one of the primary sites for electrolyte absorption, while its potential role in modulating sodium intake remains unclear. Here, we revealed that a gastrointestinal hormone, secretin, is released from colon endocrine cells under body sodium deficiency and is indispensable for inducing salt appetite. As the neural substrate, circulating secretin activates specific receptors in the nucleus of the solitary tracts, which further activates the downstream paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, resulting in enhanced sodium intake. These results demonstrated a previously unrecognized gut-brain pathway for the timely regulation of sodium homeostasis.
Optically modulated ionic conductivity in a hydrogel for emulating synaptic functions
Authors: Tian Huasheng , Wang Chen , Chen Yuwei , Zheng Liping , Jing Houchao , Xu Lin , Wang Xuanqi , Liu Yaqing , Hao Jingcheng
Published: February 2023

Ion-conductive hydrogels, with ions as signal carriers, have become promising candidates to construct functional ionotronics for sensing, actuating, and robotics engineering. However, rational modulation of ionic migration to mimic biological information processing, including learning and memory, remains challenging to be realized in hydrogel materials. Here, we develop a hybrid hydrogel with optically modulated ionic conductivity to emulate the functions of a biological synapse. Through a responsive supramolecular approach, optical stimuli can trigger the release of mobile ions for tuning the conductivity of the hydrogel, which is analogous to the modulation of synaptic plasticity. As a proof of concept, this hydrogel can be used as an information processing unit to perceive different optical stimuli and regulate the grasping motion of a robotic hand, performing logical motion feedback with “learning-experience” function. Our ionic hydrogel provides a valuable strategy toward developing bioinspired ionotronic systems and pushes forward the functional applications of hydrogel materials.
Anisotropic superconductivity at KTaO
3
(111) interfaces
Authors: Arnault Ethan G. , Al-Tawhid Athby H. , Salmani-Rezaie Salva , Muller David A. , Kumah Divine P. , Bahramy Mohammad S. , Finkelstein Gleb , Ahadi Kaveh
Published: February 2023

A two-dimensional, anisotropic superconductivity was recently found at the KTaO
3
(111) interfaces. The nature of the anisotropic superconducting transition remains a subject of debate. To investigate the origins of the observed behavior, we grew epitaxial KTaO
3
(111)-based heterostructures. We show that the superconductivity is robust against the in-plane magnetic field and violates the Pauli limit. We also show that the Cooper pairs are more resilient when the bias is along [11

2
¯

] (I ∥ [11

2
¯

]) and the magnetic field is along [1

1
¯

0] (
B
∥ [1

1
¯

0]). We discuss the anisotropic nature of superconductivity in the context of electronic structure, orbital character, and spin texture at the KTaO
3
(111) interfaces. The results point to future opportunities to enhance superconducting transition temperatures and critical fields in crystalline, two-dimensional superconductors with strong spin-orbit coupling.
TCR-engineered T cell therapy in solid tumors: State of the art and perspectives
Authors: Baulu Estelle , Gardet Célia , Chuvin Nicolas , Depil Stéphane
Published: February 2023

T cell engineering has changed the landscape of cancer immunotherapy. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells have demonstrated a remarkable efficacy in the treatment of B cell malignancies in hematology. However, their clinical impact on solid tumors has been modest so far. T cells expressing an engineered T cell receptor (TCR-T cells) represent a promising therapeutic alternative. The target repertoire is not limited to membrane proteins, and intrinsic features of TCRs such as high antigen sensitivity and near-to-physiological signaling may improve tumor cell detection and killing while improving T cell persistence. In this review, we present the clinical results obtained with TCR-T cells targeting different tumor antigen families. We detail the different methods that have been developed to identify and optimize a TCR candidate. We also discuss the challenges of TCR-T cell therapies, including toxicity assessment and resistance mechanisms. Last, we share some perspectives and highlight future directions in the field.
Small-molecule toosendanin reverses macrophage-mediated immunosuppression to overcome glioblastoma resistance to immunotherapy
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhang Duo , Jiang Haowen , Ye Jiangbin , Zhang Lin , Bagley Stephen J. , Winkler Jeffery , Gong Yanqing , Fan Yi
Published: February 2023

T cell–based immunotherapy holds promise for treating solid tumors, but its therapeutic efficacy is limited by intratumoral immune suppression. This immune suppressive tumor microenvironment is largely driven by tumor-associated myeloid cells, including macrophages. Here, we report that toosendanin (TSN), a small-molecule compound, reprograms macrophages to enforce antitumor immunity in glioblastoma (GBM) in mouse models. Our functional screen of genetically probed macrophages with a chemical library identifies that TSN reverses macrophage-mediated tumor immunosuppression, leading to enhanced T cell infiltration, activation, and reduced exhaustion. Chemoproteomic and structural analyses revealed that TSN interacts with Hck and Lyn to abrogate suppressive macrophage immunity. In addition, a combination of immune checkpoint blockade and TSN therapy induced regression of syngeneic GBM tumors in mice. Furthermore, TSN treatment sensitized GBM to Egfrviii chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. These findings suggest that TSN may serve as a therapeutic compound that blocks tumor immunosuppression and circumvents tumor resistance to T cell–based immunotherapy in GBM and other solid tumors that warrants further investigation.
Characterization of a Marine Diatom Chitin Synthase Using a Combination of Meta-Omics, Genomics, and Heterologous Expression Approaches
Authors: Shao Zhanru , Ampomah Osei , Vieira Fabio Rocha Jimenez , Dorrell Richard G. , Li Shaoxuan , Tirichine Leila , Bulone Vincent , Duan Delin , Bowler Chris
Published: February 2023

As the most abundant biopolymer in the oceans, the significance of chitin and its biosynthesis is rarely demonstrated in diatoms, which are the main contributors to the primary productivity of the oceans, ascribed to their huge biomass and efficient photosynthesis. We retrieved genes involved in chitin-based metabolism against the
Tara
Oceans Gene Atlas to expand our knowledge about their diversity and distribution in the marine environment. Potential new producers of chitin were found from the analysis of various algal transcriptome and genome databases.
Natural Green Spaces, Sensitization to Allergens, and the Role of Gut Microbiota during Infancy
Authors: Buchholz Vienna , Bridgman Sarah L. , Nielsen Charlene C. , Gascon Mireia , Tun Hein M. , Simons Elinor , Turvey Stuart E. , Subbarao Padmaja , Takaro Tim K. , Brook Jeffrey R. , Scott James A. , Mandhane Piush J. , Kozyrskyj Anita L.
Published: February 2023

Our findings highlight the importance of preserving natural green space in urban settings to prevent sensitization to environmental allergens and promote early-life gut microbiota pathways to this health benefit. These findings support a mediating role of gut microbiome compositions in health and disease susceptibility.
Optimizing Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections Following Rapid Molecular Diagnostic Testing and an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program Intervention
Authors: Al Sidairi Hilal , Reid Emma K. , LeBlanc Jason J. , Sandila Navjot , Head Joline , Davis Ian , Bonnar Paul
Published: February 2023

Our research shows that time to optimal antibiotic treatment for serious bloodstream infections can be improved with rapid molecular sensitivity testing and feedback to prescribers. This can be implemented in laboratories without full microbiology services or training to improve patient outcomes by improving antimicrobial use.
Legionella longbeachae Regulates the Association of Polyubiquitinated Proteins on Bacterial Phagosome with Multiple Deubiquitinases
Authors: Shi Yunjia , Liu Hongtao , Ma Kelong , Luo Zhao-Qing , Qiu Jiazhang
Published: February 2023

Legionella
spp. are opportunistic intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause Legionnaires’ disease.
Legionella
utilizes the Dot/Icm type IV secretion system to deliver effector protein into host cells to modulate various cellular functions. At least 26
L. pneumophila
effectors are known to hijack the host ubiquitin system via diverse mechanisms.
L. longbeachae
is the second leading cause of Legionnaires’ disease worldwide.
Primary small cell neuroendocrine cancer of adrenal gland: a rare extrapulmonary small cell cancer
Authors: Abdullah Hafez Mohammad Ammar , Hassan Masroor , Khan Uzma Ikhtiar , Ellithi Moataz
Published: February 2023

Small cell cancer is an aggressive neoplasm of neuroendocrine origin that is most commonly found in the lungs. However, up to 5% of cases can be extrapulmonary. These have been reported to be located in the gastrointestinal and genitourinary systems and rarely in other locations. Only five prior cases of small cell cancer have been reported where the primary lesion is at the adrenal gland. Here we present the case of a female patient in her mid-50s who presented with right upper quadrant pain and was diagnosed with metastatic small cell carcinoma of the adrenal gland. The patient received palliative chemotherapy for her metastatic cancer and was ultimately admitted to hospice after progression of her disease. This case and the accompanying literature review highlight a rare manifestation of extrapulmonary small cell cancer.
Unilateral hard palate necrosis following gingival injections with hyaluronic acid
Authors: Vaquero Martinez Pablo , Guarro Marzoa Ingrid , de Pablo Cuenca-Garcia Alba , Bescos Atin Coro
Published: February 2023

Hyaluronic acid (HA) injections into the oral mucosa have proven to be effective as a non-invasive method for the reconstruction of interproximal papillary defects in aesthetic areas. Despite being a minimally invasive and safe technique, certain side effects may occur after treatment.

We report the first case of a patient with unilateral necrosis of the mucosa of the hard palate after HA filling in the maxillary anterior gingiva. Familiarity with these events and competent knowledge of the anatomy is essential to avoid complications, achieve and offer adequate treatment and good results to our patients.
Concussion through my eyes: a qualitative study exploring concussion experiences and perceptions of male English blind footballers
Authors: Weiler Richard , Ahmed Osman Hassan , Mechelen Willem van , Verhagen Evert , Bolling Caroline
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Athletes with impairments play sports with a risk of sustaining head injuries and concussions. However, the scientific knowledge needed to improve care is lacking. This qualitative study explores English blind 5-a-side footballers’ perceptions of concussion, concussion risks and prevention to improve para concussion care.

Methods

Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with male English blind footballers (six current and three retired). Data were analysed by thematic analysis using a six-stage approach.

Results

Blind footballers were not sure about the number of concussions they had sustained. They lacked an understanding of what to experience when concussed, and they perceived the diagnosis and experience of a concussion to be different for a person without vision. Perceived concussion severity and previous concussion experiences were key concepts affecting their concussion reporting behaviours. Participants mentioned spatial orientation and sleep are important to function in daily life and were affected by concussions. However, these factors are not adequately included in current assessment tools or clinical guidance for sports-related concussions.

Conclusion

Blind footballers suggested the quality and accuracy of reported concussions were impacted by lack of concussion experience, knowledge and concomitant impairment. A better understanding of concussion symptoms and injury mechanisms will improve concussion reporting for athletes with visual impairments. These athlete insights should guide future studies and para sports governing body initiatives to improve concussion reporting, diagnosis and management in para athletes.
Non-obese or lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was associated with increased risk of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chen Ning , Zhou Jingqi , Wang Kai , Li Xiaoying , Li Zhibin
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Risk of non-obese or lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) for cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is less known. We aimed to evaluate independent associations of NAFLD, especially non-obese or lean NAFLD, and body mass index (BMI) on risks of cancer in patients with T2DM.

Research design and methods

Cross-sectional analyses of baseline information on a cohort of 233 patients with T2DM were conducted in Xiamen, China. NAFLD was identified by hepatic ultrasonography diagnosis of hepatic steatosis without excessive alcohol consumption, viral or autoimmune liver disease. Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score was calculated to quantify severity of hepatic fibrosis.

Results

All types of cancers were diagnosed on 19 (8.2%) patients. Prevalence of cancer was significantly higher in those with NAFLD than those without (15.5% vs 4.0%, p=0.002), but were not significantly different among BMI categories (6.8%, 13.7% and 6.5% for those with underweight or normal weight (n=74), overweight (n=51) and obesity (n=108), respectively, p=0.258). With adjustment for potential confounding factors in the multivariable logistic regression models, NAFLD was significantly associated with increased risk of cancer with the adjusted OR (95% CI) of 5.969 (1.349 to 26.413, p=0.019). Stratified analyses across BMI categories found similar association of NAFLD with risk of cancer for those non-obese or lean (the adjusted OR (95% CI) 17.446 (1.690 to 180.095, p=0.016)) but not for those with either overweight (OR (95% CI) 11.642 (0.832 to 162.963, p=0.068) or obesity (OR (95% CI) 0.917 (0.170 to 4.954, p=0.920). FIB-4 score was not significantly associated with risk of cancer for all subjects or stratified across BMI categories. BMI was not significantly associated with risk of cancer for all patients or stratified by NAFLD.

Conclusions

NAFLD, even non-obese or lean NAFLD, was independently associated with increased risk of cancer in patients with T2DM. Screening and management of NAFLD, especially for those with underweight or normal weight, should be strengthened from the perspective of improving prevention and management of cancer in patients with T2DM.