bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa in a sample of patients attending sligo/leitrim mental health services with a diagnosis of eating disorder”
Authors: Graffeo I. , Harron M. , O’Mahony E.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The term Orthorexia derives from the Greek “ortho – correct” and “orexis – appetite”; Orthorexia Nervosa is a pathological fixation with healthy eating that, starting with the idea to obtain a maximum health with a proper diet, leads to malnourishment and other medical sequelae, loss of relationships, loss of self-esteem, poor quality of life in general. Orthorexia, despite receiving broad empirical evidence, is not currently included in any psychiatric diagnostic manual.

Objectives

The main aim of this study is to investigate its presence in a sample of patients already diagnosed with a canonical eating disorder and also to understand eventual overlaps with other clinical disorders in order to optimize treatment and follow up.

Methods

The ORTO-15 questionnaire, developed by an Italian team of researchers in 2005, was used to achieve the above aims: it is a tool comprehensive of 15 questions that assesses eating habits perceived as healthy. Really interesting and fascinating is to comprehend if people with a diagnosis of eating disorder present orthorectic behaviour and how this emerging reality fits in the Irish society with its peculiarities and uniqueness.

Results

The Point Prevalence obtained is 17.9%. The expected rates of Orthorexia Nervosa in the general population are between 6.9% and 57.6%, with a peak of 81.8% in specific populations, fact that places our examined sample in the lower side of the prevalence previously considered in other studies.

Conclusions

It is significant the absence of correlation found between OCD and ON and that ON is more linked to Bulimia Nervosa rather than Anorexia Nervosa.
A clinical case of typical anorexia nervosa in a prepubescent boy
Authors: Bryukhin A. , Sologub M. , Sineutskaya E. , Matsneva M. , Zakharova A. , Okonishnikova E. , Lineva T.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Clinical case of 10-year-old patient with anorexia nervosa at the stage of severe cachexia. Features of the disease, diagnosis, treatment and methods of restoration of nutrition. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder (ED), severe pathology, manifested by severe complications, high disability and can cause death. ED has traditionally been perceived as a disease affecting women. However, this pathology occurs men, is 10-25% of the total number of patients with ED, or 1-2% in the population.

Objectives

Describe the difficulties in identifying ED in men that affect diagnosis and treatment, especially if they are underage patients.

Methods

Patient I. 10 years, selectivity in food from 4 years, during the week before hospitalization complete rejection of food and water. When entering the clinic height 127, weight 19 kg, BMI 11. In the clinical picture anxiety, low mood, fear of eating and weight gain. The duration of the disease for about one year. Clinical and psychopathological method.

Results

Diagnosis F50.0 anorexia nervosa in the stage of severe cachexia. Treatment: olanzapine and fluvoxamine in the age dosages, parenteral Kabiven infusion, individual and group psychotherapy. Psychoeducation of parents and Maudsley method therapy. As a result of treatment improved mood, decreased anxiety associated with eating and weight gain. At the time of discharge from the clinic height 127, weight 30 kg, BMI 18.

Conclusions

The clinical case indicates the need to increase the attention of pediatricians, psychologists, psychiatrists and other doctors in connection with the growth and rejuvenation of ED in the male population.
The tpe - teresa project: Enhancing long-term management in obesity and binge eating disorder
Authors: Prosperi E. , Guidi G. , Calabria M.F. , Gnessi L. , Iocchi L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Therapeutic Education (TE) is a powerful tool in the multidisciplinary intervention to improve lifestyle and acquire management skills for chronic diseases, including obesity, a clinical condition whose cure is highly threatened by low long-term adherence to therapeutic recommendations. The urgent need to promote persistent lifestyle change and concordance to treatment in PwO is globally recognized. TE programs offer a vast number of long-term management skills, but it yet deals with a consistent drop-out rate, and we believe that Assistive Technologies (AT) can become a powerful tool to boost independence and improve participation.

Objectives

The goal of our study was to devise and validate an innovative multidisciplinary approach to obesity and binge eating disorder, based on the sinergy between the medical-psychological field and assistive techonolgy.

Methods

We developed “TERESA” (Therapeutic Educational Robot Enhancing Social interActions) (fig. 1), a social humanoid robot, and implemented it to collaborate in a TE programs in order to enhance social interactions, improve knowledge acquisition and adherence to treatment. The specific TE intervention, called Education towards Choice and Awareness, was based on 3rd generation cognitive-behavioral approaches and consisted in eight informative and experimental meetings.

Results

Taking part in the TE-TERESA integrated protocol determined and improvement in psychopathological domains (anxiety, negative mood, quality of life) and a stronger concordance to the therapeutic protocol.

Conclusions

Our research paves the way for the clinical use of Assistive technology (AT), highly promoted by the WHO to help people with numerous disabling clinical conditions improve their quality of life and acquire self-management skills.
Crowding analysis for patients with mental disorders during the first pandemic wave of 2019 coronavirus epidemic (CoViD-19) at a lombardy ED
Authors: Savioli G. , Pesenti S. , Ceresa I. , Oddone E. , Bressan M.A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The 2019 coronavirus epidemic (CoViD-19) in Italy originated in Lombardy, on February 21, 2020. Crowding has been defined as a worldwide problem and causes reduced quality of care. It is due and identified by three orders of factors: those at the access (input); those related to the patient’s process (throughput); and those at the exit from the ED (output).

Objectives

We evaluated all the population who went to ED for mental disorder. Due to the high level of care needed and the simultaneous exposure to risk factors, an excessive duration of ED process can be counterproductive.

Methods

We evaluated all patients accessing our ED for mental disorder from February 22 to May 1, 2020 and during the same period of the previous year.

Results

We enrolled 345 patients. The Crowding input factors are lower in the pandemic period: reduced attenders (142 vs 203) and reduced average waiting times (40 min vs 54 min). The Crowding throughput factors have instead worsened: LOS (length of stay) for both visit rooms (383 vs 271 min) and holding area (1735 min vs 797 min). The Crowding output factors also worsened: the percentage of access block is higher during the pandemic (100% vs 20%). The Total Access Block Time is significantly higher in the CoViD period for both the visit rooms (3.239 vs 649 min) and the holding area (590 vs 185 min).

Conclusions

The pandemic period presented a worsened crowding for these patients due to the Access Block.
Food for mood: Relevance of nutritional Omega-3 fatty acids for depression and anxiety
Authors: Laye S.
Published: February 2022

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential fatty acids which are provided to the body through the diet. The brain is one of the richest organs in the body and has a high need in PUFAs. There are 2 main families of PUFAs, n-3 (or omega 3) and n-6 (or omega6). While it is quite easy to find n-6 PUFAs in westernized diets, the need in n-3 PUFAs is poorly reached, leading to decreased level of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the brain. In humans, poor levels of blood n-3 PUFAs and brain DHA are associated to a higher prevalence of cognitive disorders and depression. However, the mechanisms underlying the effect of DHA on brain functions are poorly understood. Using mice models of n-3 PUFAs dietary deficiency or supplementation, we revealed that in the brain, DHA regulate neuroinflammatory pathways, in particular through its effect on microglia, the main innate immune system cell in the brain. In addition, n-3 PUFAs are key actors of ndocannabinoid- dependent synaptic plasticity. While neuroinflammation and eCB-dependent synaptic plasticity are crucial to cognition and emotional behaviour alterations, our results bring to the clinical scene the importance of controlling dietary n-3 PUFAs to protect the brain from the adverse effect of stres or inflammation. Altogether, our work brings a better comprehension of how dietary n-3 PUFAs participate to brain physiology and protect from the development of mood and cognitive disorders. It opens new avenues for the use of these lipids in the protection and treatment of brain diseases.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Dosage of antipsychotics in China routine practice
Authors: Zhang T. , Chi R. , Wu T. , Xu Y. , Dong W.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The antipsychotic dosage of Chinese schizophrenia patients has rarely been studied, although nonstandard dosage has impact on prognosis.

Objectives

To describe the dosage of antipsychotics in China routine practice.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study using de-identified data from a Chinese mental health hospital. The included patients were adults (≥18 years) with at least one diagnosis of schizophrenia (ICD-10: F20) and one prescription of any antipsychotic between 2014 and 2019. Date of first identified antipsychotic prescription was defined as index date, patients were followed up until last prescription of antipsychotics, end of 2019, or discontinuation (>60 days without antipsychotic prescription), whichever was earliest. Dosage was summarized using defined daily dose (DDD), calculated by cumulative average daily dose (CAD) with a unit of DDDs/day, i.e., total DDDs of all antipsychotics in follow-up period divided by total days of follow-up. CAD was categorized into low (<0.5 DDDs/day), moderate (0.5-1.5 DDDs/day), and high (>1.5 DDDs/day) groups.

Results

13554 patients were included with an average follow-up of 269.9 days. Median CAD was 0.8 DDDs/day (IQR=0.5-1.3), patients with hospitalization during follow-up and used multiple antipsychotics at the same time had larger median CAD, 1.0 DDDs/day and 1.2 DDDs/days, respectively. There were 3245 (23.9%), 7627 (56.3%), and 2682 (19.8%) patients in low, moderate, and high groups, respectively. The median CAD of high dosage group was 2.5 DDDs/day (IQR=1.9-10.5).

Conclusions

CAD of most Chinese schizophrenia patients was low or moderate. Association between CAD and hospitalization and multiple concurrent antipsychotics merit further research.
Prevalence of mental health issues amongst slovak and international medical students at university of pavol jozef Šafárik: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Dragasek J. , Seabrook M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The prevalence of mental health issues amongst domestic and foreign students in Slovakian medical schools and any differences between them is currently unknown.

Objectives

The goals of this paper are to determine the prevalence and extent of mental health issues among medical students at Pavol Jozef Šafárik University (UPJŠ) in Kosice, Slovakia and to determine if there is a difference between domestic and foreign students’ mental health at UPJŠ.

Methods

A combined questionnaire utilizing well-known sources was distributed to UPJŠ medical students to self-assess their levels of anxiety, depression and hedonic capacity (Zung, 1965; Zung, 1971; Snaith et al., 1995). Two-tailed T-tests and regression statistical analyses were applied to determine the significance of the data and any differences.

Results

27% (n=319) and 25% (n=300) responses were collected from domestic and foreign UPJŠ medical students, respectively. 57% of domestic and 74% of foreign students screened positive for either anxiety, depression, or a combination. The 17% increased rate of anxiety and/or depression amongst foreign students when compared to domestic students was statistically significant (P<0.001). The differences between the two groups regarding hedonic tone were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

The prevalence of mental health issues amongst domestic and foreign UPJŠ medical students is much higher than the worldwide average. The higher rate of anxiety and depression observed in foreign UPJŠ medical students when compared to domestic students may be due to a reduced social support system as well as studying in a foreign country. These data suggest special support may be necessary for medical students studying abroad.
Prevalence of different types of online behavior and internet addiction among adolescents in central siberia: Gender and age aspects
Authors: Semenova N. , Tereshchenko S. , L L. Evert , Kostyuchenko Y. , Shubina M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Adolescent online behavior is an urgent public health problem in different countries of the world due to the possibility of developing Internet addiction.

Objectives

To study the prevalence of different types of online behavior and Internet addiction in Siberian adolescents, depending on gender and age.

Methods

During the period from January to May 2019, 2950 adolescents aged 11-18 years living in the urban area of Central Siberia (Krasnoyarsk) were examined, of them 1348 boys and 1602 girls. The Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) with a cut-off level of 65 points was used. Internet users are divided into three groups: Adaptive Internet Users (AIU) (27–42 points); maladaptive Internet users (MIU) (43–64 points); pathological Internet users (PIU) (score ≥ 65).

Results

The AIU group comprised 50.3% (55.9% boys and 45.6% girls, p <0.001). The share of adolescents aged 11-14 is 52.0%, the share of adolescents aged 15-18 is 48.4% (p = 0.04). The MIU group constituted 42.9% (46.3% were girls and 38.9% boys, p <0.001). The share of adolescents aged 11-14 is 42.1%, and those aged 15-18 is 43.8%, p > 0.05. The PIU group constituted 6.8% (5.1% boys and 8.2% girls, p <0.001). The share of adolescents aged 11-14 is 5.9% and those aged 15-18 is 7.8% (p = 0.04).

Conclusions

Among adolescents in Central Siberia the prevalence of AIU consist 50.3%, MIU 42.9%, PIU 6.8%. The prevalence of PIU is more common in girls. The increase in PIU was marked in the older age group. The study was funded by RFBR project № 18-29-2203218.

Conflict of interest

The reported study was funded by RFBR project № 18-29-22032\18.
Developing a Home-Based Body Weight Physical Activity/Exercise Program
Authors: Zheng YuanDian , Li Haoyu , Gao Kevin , Gallo Paul M.
Published: February 2022

Apply It!

• Research shows barriers to PA exist due to varieties of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The COVID-19 pandemic has further confounded public engagement in PA. Home-based body weight exercise training may be a potential intervention to remedy these barriers.

• Fitness professionals can educate their clients in a remote setting using the information related to home-based exercise programming and body weight exercise options presented in this article, supplemental information, and freely accessible resources also provided.

• Home-based video personal training can be implemented to increase the interaction between fitness professionals and clients.
Measurement and Interpretation of Blood Pressure for the Exercise Professional
Authors: Kasper Mark J. , Carter LaGary , Eaheart Brian
Published: February 2022

Apply It!

From this article, the reader should be able to

• Identify hypertensive and hypotensive blood pressure responses to exercise.

• Determine when referral to a health care provider for blood pressure is warranted.

• Explain the protocol to properly assess resting and exercise blood pressure.

• State the importance of having a client record their blood pressure readings in a diary and providing them to their health care professional.
Questions Individuals with Cardiac Conditions Engaging in Exercise often Ask Health Fitness Professionals: Research-Based Responses
Authors: Hendrickson Kirk D. , Haskin-Popp Cindy , Franklin Barry A.
Published: February 2022

Apply It!

By reading this article, the health and fitness professional will learn empiric and research-based responses and answers to common questions individuals with cardiac conditions often pose. These practical data, and the authors' shared clinical experiences in fielding these questions over the years, should be helpful to the health and fitness professional when working with the escalating population of clients with known cardiovascular disease who are seeking safe and effective exercise regimens to enhance cardiovascular health, functional independence, and well-being.
Zakon kanoników od pokuty w Czechach (1256-1783)
Authors: Klemenski Marcin A.
Published: February 2022

THE ORDER OF CANONS REGULAR OF PENANCE ON THE CZECH LANDS (1256-1783) The author discusses the history of Czech monasteries of Canons of Penance (Prague, Pardubice, Orlik, Benátky nad Izerou, Solnica). Most of these monasteries were closed down in the Hussite era. The order was subsequently revived thanks to the efforts of canons from the Krakow convent of St. Mark, only to be canceled in 1783 by order of Emperor Joseph II, though. The article also discusses the specifics of the convent spirituality and presents areas demanding further research.
Błogosławiony Michał Giedroyć w gronie świętych, błogosławionych i świątobliwych Felicis Saeculi Cracoviae
Authors: Łatak Kazimierz
Published: February 2022

BL. MICHAEL GIEDROYC IN THE COMMUNITY OF SAINTS, BLESSED, AND HOLY (VENERABLE) OF FELIX SAECULUM CRACOVIAE The article looks at the phenomenon of felix saeculum Cracoviae as it is referred to in Polish historiography: the religious culture of the 15th-century Kraków. The term itself emerged in the mid-16th century in a biography of blessed Michael Giedroyć (†1489) complied by Master Jan of Trzciana, Kraków University professor. The concept was directly related to a group of six saintly clergymen who lived and were active in the whereabouts of Kraków in the 15th century: John Cantius, Isaac Boner, Simon of Lipnica, Stanisław Kazimierczyk, Michael Giedroyć, and Świętosław the Silent. A thorough study of the phenomenon makes it clear, though, that it is only of a legendary nature, far from historical facts. The saints who were turned into main heroes of the legend may have come together now and then, however, they definitively were not a group of close friends.
Duchowość zakonu Kanoników Regularnych od Pokuty Błogosławionych Męczenników
Authors: Bruździński Andrzej
Published: February 2022

THE SPIRITUALITY OF THE CANONS REGULAR OF PENANCE OF THE BLESSED MARTYRS The Order of the Canons Regular of Penance of the Blessed Martyrs presented a typical spirituality of the times of its foundation – crusades – with a predominant role of the devotion to the Passion and to Our Lady, naturally coupled with other important elements of Christian spirituality. The communal life was based on liturgy and private prayer. These substantial and fundamental dimensions of spirituality had been defining the community for seven centuries, and shaping internally the friars in white habits, who took middle ground between so called mendicant orders, aiming at active, even wandering, apostolic work, and monk communities; which is to say they combined profound inner life with apostolic activities. The canons of penance acted, therefore, in the Augustinian spirit and maintained complete spiritual harmony, embracing both act and contemplation, cura animarum (priestly spirituality) and quasi-monastic spirituality, where communal life, penance, and fervent adherence to the vows were the core of the life in the convent. Only in light of their spirituality, one can have a better understanding of both the interior design of their temples and, more importantly, their daily life, actions, and preaching that contributed to the emergence of the characteristic features of devotion in Poland.
Opowieść o Róży. Mowa Samuela Józefa Butkiewicza o życiu bł. Michała Giedroycia (1682)
Authors: Ryczek Wojciech
Published: February 2022

THE NARRATIVE OF THE ROSE: SAMUEL JÓZEF BUTKIEWICZ AND HIS ORATION ON LIFE OF BLESSED MICHAŁ GIEDROYĆ (1682) The main aim of this paper is to discuss the oration Ornamentum Divinae Crucis, Rosa Gedroyciana… delivered by Samuel Józef Butkiewicz at Blessed Michał Giedroyć’s grave in the church of St. Mark in Krakow on 4th May 1682 . Drawing many inspirations from the princely coat of arms Poraj (a white rose) of the Giedroyć family, the author narrates the life, humility, piety, and sanctity of Blessed Michał. Consistently and with a remarkable ingenuity, Butkiewicz uses the potent figure (metaphor) of rose, treating the flower, which signifies God’s love and spiritual perfection, as the name of the hero of his narrative. Allegory, or ‘other-speaking’ (alieniloquium), proves to be an inexhaustible source of images and meanings. Therefore, the title “Giedroyć’s Rose” (Rosa Giedroyciana), the most beautiful adornment of the Holy Cross, enlivened by the author’s invention and painted in expressive tropes and rhetorical figures, may blossom in every reading or interpretation of this oration.
FinTech Lending and Bank Credit Access for Consumers
Authors: Balyuk Tetyana
Published: February 2022

Using a unique setting of an online peer-to-peer lender, I show that banks expand credit access for consumers who obtain FinTech loans. Consistent with FinTech relieving information frictions, this effect is stronger for more credit-constrained consumers. Many borrowers, especially higher-quality ones, use peer-to-peer loans to repay expensive revolving debt. Yet, debt financing and credit score changes cannot fully explain higher bank credit. The increase in bank credit access is stronger when information sets between banks and peer-to-peer lenders diverge more. These results highlight information spillovers as a novel mechanism through which FinTech lending can relieve financial constraints for consumers.

This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance.

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4319 .
CDS Trading Initiation, Information Asymmetry, and Dividend Payout
Authors: Landsman Wayne R. , Li Chao Kevin , Donny Zhao Jianxin
Published: February 2022

This study uses an information-asymmetry framework to examine the effect of initiation of credit default swaps (CDS) trading on firm dividend payout policy. We find evidence that CDS initiation is associated with increasing dividends, which is consistent with firms distributing excess free cash flow to mitigate exacerbated manager-equityholder agency conflicts resulting from reduced monitoring by banks following CDS initiation. Additional findings support this explanation by showing that the dividend increases are concentrated among borrowing firms with higher agency cost before CDS initiation, among firms whose lead arranger banks have a relatively less strong reputation in the loan-syndication market, and among firms whose loans are subject to less intense monitoring features—that is, less restrictive loan covenants—following CDS initiation. Additional analyses also suggest that inferences are robust to controlling for the potential effects of CDS initiation on capital structure.

This paper was accepted by Brain Bushee, accounting.

Funding: Financial support from the Goizueta Business School, the Kenan-Flagler Business School, and the Business School UNSW Sydney is gratefully acknowledged.

Supplemental Material: The data and internet appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4337 .
Minimizing Airplane Boarding Time
Authors: Willamowski Felix J. L. , Tillmann Andreas M.
Published: February 2022

The time it takes passengers to board an airplane is known to influence the turnaround time of the aircraft and thus bears a significant cost-saving potential for airlines. Although minimizing boarding time therefore is the most important goal from an economic perspective, previous efforts to design efficient boarding strategies apparently never tackled this task directly. In this paper, we first rigorously define the problem and prove its NP-hardness. Although this generally justifies the development of inexact solution methods, we show that all commonly discussed boarding strategies may in fact give solutions that are far from optimal. We complement these theoretical findings by a simple time-aware boarding strategy with guaranteed approximation quality (under reasonable assumptions) as well as a local improvement heuristic and an exact mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulation. Our numerical experiments with simulation data show that for several airplane cabin layouts, provably high-quality or even optimal solutions can be obtained within reasonable time in practice by means of our MIP approach. We also empirically assess the sensitivity of boarding strategies with respect to disruptions of the prescribed boarding sequences and identify robustness against such disruptions as a bottleneck for further improvements.
A Generalized Class of Estimators for Finite Population Mean Using Two Auxiliary Variables in Sample Surveys
Authors: Singh Housila Prasad , Nigam Pragati
Published: February 2022

In this paper we have suggested a generalized class of estimators for estimating the finite population mean ˉY of the study variable y using information on two auxiliary variables x and z. We have studied the properties of the proposed generalized class of estimators in simple random sampling without replacement scheme and in stratified random sampling up to the first order of approximation. It is shown that the suggested class of estimators is more efficient than the conventional unbiased estimator, ratio estimator, product estimator, traditional difference estimator, Srivastava (1967) estimator, Ray et al. (1979) estimator, Vos (1980) estimator, Upadhyaya et al. (1985) estimator, Rao (1991) estimator and Gupta and Shabbir (2008) estimator. Theoretical results are well supported through an empirical study.
When staying home isn’t safe: Australian practitioner experiences of responding to intimate partner violence during COVID-19 restrictions
Authors: Pfitzner Naomi , Fitz-Gibbon Kate , True Jacqui
Published: February 2022

Times of crisis are associated with increased violence against women, often with reduced access to support services. COVID-19 is no exception with public health control measures restricting people’s movements and confining many women and children to homes with their abusers. Recognising the safety risks posed by lockdowns the United Nations declared violence against women ‘the shadow pandemic’ in April 2020. In the Australian state of Victoria, residents spent over a third of 2020 in strict lockdown. Based on an online survey of 166 Victorian practitioners between April and May 2020 using rating scales and open-ended questions, our study revealed that women’s experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) intensified during lockdown. COVID-19 restrictions created new barriers to help-seeking and necessitated the rapid transition to remote service delivery models during a time of heightened risk. This article provides insights into how practitioners innovated and adapted their practices to provide continued support during a high demand. Our study exposed the significant toll responding to IPV during the pandemic is having on practitioners. We explore the impact of remote service delivery on practitioner mental health and wellbeing and the quality of care provided.
Carrier-envelope phase control of synthesized waveforms with two acousto-optic programmable dispersive filters
Authors: Lin Yu-Chieh , Midorikawa Katsumi , Nabekawa Yasuo
Published: February 2022

We demonstrate the scanning and control of the carrier-envelope phases (CEPs) of two adjacent spectral components totally spanning more than one-octave in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) wavelength region by operating two individual acousto-optic programmable dispersive filters (AOPDFs) applied to each of the two spectral components. The total CEP shift of the synthesized sub-cycle pulse composed of the two spectral components is controlled with simultaneous scans of the two CEPs. The resultant error of the controlled CEP was 642 mrad, so that this technique is useful for searching zero CEP of the synthesized pulse with the maximum field amplitude. In addition, we conduct a closed feedback loop to compensate for the CEP fluctuation by using the two AOPDFs together. As a result, we succeed to reduce the rms error of the CEP from 399 mrad to 237 mrad.
Electrically pumped blue laser diodes with nanoporous bottom cladding
Authors: Sawicka Marta , Muziol Grzegorz , Fiuczek Natalia , Hajdel Mateusz , Siekacz Marcin , Feduniewicz-Żmuda Anna , Nowakowski-Szkudlarek Krzesimir , Wolny Paweł , Żak Mikołaj , Turski Henryk , Skierbiszewski Czesław
Published: February 2022

We demonstrate electrically pumped III-nitride edge-emitting laser diodes (LDs) with nanoporous bottom cladding grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on c-plane (0001) GaN. After the epitaxy of the LD structure, highly doped 350 nm thick GaN:Si cladding layer with Si concentration of 6·1019 cm-3 was electrochemically etched to obtain porosity of 15 ± 3% with pore size of 20 ± 9 nm. The devices with nanoporous bottom cladding are compared to the reference structures. The pulse mode operation was obtained at 448.7 nm with a slope efficiency (SE) of 0.2 W/A while the reference device without etched cladding layer was lasing at 457 nm with SE of 0.56 W/A. The design of the LDs with porous bottom cladding was modelled theoretically. Performed calculations allowed to choose the optimum porosity and thickness of the cladding needed for the desired optical mode confinement and reduced the risk of light leakage to the substrate and to the top-metal contact. This demonstration opens new possibilities for the fabrication of III-nitride LDs.
Topology-tuned light scattering around Fano resonances by a core-shell cylinder
Authors: Gao Dongliang , Ye Huangwei , Gao Lei
Published: February 2022

The topological magnetoelectric (TME) effect is a novel optical response from topological insulators. This effect shows that magnetic (electric) polarization can be induced by an applied electric (magnetic) field, and it is characterized by the fine structure constant. However, the TME effect is generally very weak and still a challenge to be observed in the experiment. In this paper, we showed that the far-field scattering of a core-shell topological cylinder can be tuned by the TME effect which was enhanced at the surface of plasmonic core around Fano resonance. The interference of broad dipolar mode and narrow quadrupole mode is changed with the topological magnetoelectric polarizability. We demonstrated the reversal of optical responses associated with the TME effect in both far-field and near field. Our results may offer an alternative way to observe the TME effect in topological insulators.
Raman enhanced four-wave mixing in silicon core fibers
Authors: Sun Shiyu , Huang Meng , Wu Dong , Shen Li , Ren Haonan , Hawkins Thomas W. , Ballato John , Gibson Ursula J. , Mashanovich Goran Z. , Peacock Anna C.
Published: February 2022

A strong Raman enhancement to the four-wave mixing (FWM) conversion efficiency is obtained in a silicon core fiber (SCF) when pumped with a continuous-wave (CW) source in the telecom band. By tapering the SCFs to alter the core diameter and length, the role of phase-matching on the conversion enhancement is investigated, with a maximum Raman enhancement of ∼15 dB obtained for an SCF with a zero dispersion wavelength close to the pump. Simulations show that by optimizing the tapered waist diameter to overlap the FWM phase-matching with the peak Raman gain, it is possible to obtain large Raman enhanced FWM conversion efficiencies of up to ∼2 dB using modest CW pump powers over wavelengths covering the extended telecom bands.
Dual-dispersion-regime dual-comb mode-locked laser
Authors: Kowalczyk Maciej , Sterczewski Łukasz A. , Zhang Xuzhao , Petrov Valentin , Sotor Jarosław
Published: February 2022

We report on the first, to the best of our knowledge, solid-state
dual-comb mode-locked laser that simultaneously operates in different
dispersion regimes. Due to the intrinsic polarization multiplexing in
a birefringent
Yb:Ca3NbGa3Si2O14
(Yb:CNGS) gain medium, the laser emits two cross-polarized pulse
trains with a repetition rate offset of ∼ 4.8 kHz from a single
cavity. We obtain dual pulse generation with a 20-fold difference in
duration by setting the net cavity group delay dispersion to cross
zero across the emission band of the employed gain medium. While the
duration of the soliton-like pulses experiencing anomalous dispersion
amounts to 117 fs, the second laser output, which is spectrally
located in the normal dispersion region, is strongly chirped with a
pulse duration of 2360 fs.
Quasi-bound states in the continuum-based switchable light-field manipulator
Authors: Chen Run , Li Tianyue , Bi Qianhui , Wang Shuming , Zhu Shining , Wang Zhenlin
Published: February 2022

Nonlocal metasurfaces, which support a collective mode, can be applied to manipulate the wavefront within the narrow band spectrum and do not operate other wavelengths. However, once fabricated, the tunability of those meta-devices is still a challenge. Here, we demonstrated a switchable all-dielectric nonlocal metasurface based on quasi-bound states in the continuum controlled by symmetry breaking. This device realizes the spatial light beam manipulation in the narrow band with switchable resonant wavelengths in different environment dielectric. We designed a nonlocal metasurface for beam focusing with a tunable wavelength in the communication band. We also designed a nonlocal metasurface for the generation of non-diffraction Airy beams with tunable wavelength. These results will have potential applications in see-through display, large-capacity optical communications, nonlinear optics and imaging.
Allele imputation for the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor KIR3DL1/S1
Authors: Harrison Genelle F. , Leaton Laura Ann , Harrison Erica A. , Kichula Katherine M. , Viken Marte K. , Shortt Jonathan , Gignoux Christopher R. , Lie Benedicte A. , Vukcevic Damjan , Leslie Stephen , Norman Paul J.
Published: February 2022

Highly polymorphic interaction of KIR3DL1 and KIR3DS1 with HLA class I ligands modulates the effector functions of natural killer (NK) cells and some T cells. This genetically determined diversity affects severity of infections, immune-mediated diseases, and some cancers, and impacts the course of immunotherapies, including transplantation. KIR3DL1 is an inhibitory receptor, and KIR3DS1 is an activating receptor encoded by the KIR3DL1/S1 gene that has more than 200 diverse and divergent alleles. Determination of KIR3DL1/S1 genotypes for medical application is hampered by complex sequence and structural variation, requiring targeted approaches to generate and analyze high-resolution allele data. To overcome these obstacles, we developed and optimized a model for imputing KIR3DL1/S1 alleles at high-resolution from whole-genome SNP data. We designed the model to represent a substantial component of human genetic diversity. Our Global imputation model is effective at genotyping KIR3DL1/S1 alleles with an accuracy ranging from 88% in Africans to 97% in East Asians, with mean specificity of 99% and sensitivity of 95% for alleles >1% frequency. We used the established algorithm of the HIBAG program, in a modification named Pulling Out Natural killer cell Genomics (PONG). Because HIBAG was designed to impute HLA alleles also from whole-genome SNP data, PONG allows combinatorial diversity of KIR3DL1/S1 with HLA-A and -B to be analyzed using complementary techniques on a single data source. The use of PONG thus negates the need for targeted sequencing data in very large-scale association studies where such methods might not be tractable.
Retinal optic flow during natural locomotion
Authors: Matthis Jonathan Samir , Muller Karl S. , Bonnen Kathryn L. , Hayhoe Mary M.
Published: February 2022

We examine the structure of the visual motion projected on the retina during natural locomotion in real world environments. Bipedal gait generates a complex, rhythmic pattern of head translation and rotation in space, so without gaze stabilization mechanisms such as the vestibular-ocular-reflex (VOR) a walker’s visually specified heading would vary dramatically throughout the gait cycle. The act of fixation on stable points in the environment nulls image motion at the fovea, resulting in stable patterns of outflow on the retinae centered on the point of fixation. These outflowing patterns retain a higher order structure that is informative about the stabilized trajectory of the eye through space. We measure this structure by applying the curl and divergence operations on the retinal flow velocity vector fields and found features that may be valuable for the control of locomotion. In particular, the sign and magnitude of foveal curl in retinal flow specifies the body’s trajectory relative to the gaze point, while the point of maximum divergence in the retinal flow field specifies the walker’s instantaneous overground velocity/momentum vector in retinotopic coordinates. Assuming that walkers can determine the body position relative to gaze direction, these time-varying retinotopic cues for the body’s momentum could provide a visual control signal for locomotion over complex terrain. In contrast, the temporal variation of the eye-movement-free, head-centered flow fields is large enough to be problematic for use in steering towards a goal. Consideration of optic flow in the context of real-world locomotion therefore suggests a re-evaluation of the role of optic flow in the control of action during natural behavior.
Histone demethylase IBM1-mediated meiocyte gene expression ensures meiotic chromosome synapsis and recombination
Authors: He Chengpeng , Chen Zhiyu , Zhao Yiyong , Yu Yue , Wang Hongkuan , Wang Cong , Copenhaver Gregory P. , Qi Ji , Wang Yingxiang
Published: February 2022

Histone methylation and demethylation play important roles in plant growth and development, but the involvement of histone demethylation during meiosis is poorly understood. Here we show that disruption ofArabidopsis thaliana INCREASE IN BONSAI METHYLATION 1(IBM1) causes incomplete synapsis, chromosome entanglement and reduction of recombination during meiosis, leading to sterility. Interestingly, theseibm1meiotic defects are rescued by mutations in eitherSUVH4/KYPorCMT3. Using transcriptomic analyses we show that mutation of IBM1 down-regulates thousands of genes expressed in meiocytes, and that expression of about 38% of these genes are restored to wild type levels inibm1 cmt3double mutants. Changes in the expression of 437 of these, including theARABIDOPSIS MEI2-LIKE AML3-5genes, are correlated with a significant reduction of gene body CHG methylation. Consistently, theaml3 aml4 aml5triple have defects in synapsis and chromosome entanglement similar toibm1. Genetic analysis shows thataml3 aml4 aml5 ibm1quadruple mutants resembles theibm1single mutant. Strikingly, over expression ofAML5inibm1can partially rescue theibm1meiotic defects. Taken together, our results demonstrate that histone demethylase IBM1 is required for meiosis likely via coordinated regulation of meiocyte gene expression during meiosis.
Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate glycosyltransferase genes are essential for craniofacial development
Authors: Habicher Judith , Varshney Gaurav K. , Waldmann Laura , Snitting Daniel , Allalou Amin , Zhang Hanqing , Ghanem Abdurrahman , Öhman Mägi Caroline , Dierker Tabea , Kjellén Lena , Burgess Shawn M. , Ledin Johan
Published: February 2022

Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans are indispensable for animal development and homeostasis but the large number of enzymes involved in their biosynthesis have made CS/DS function a challenging problem to study genetically. In our study, we generated loss-of-function alleles in zebrafish genes encoding CS/DS biosynthetic enzymes and characterized the effect on development in single and double mutants. Homozygous mutants in chsy1, csgalnact1a, csgalnat2, chpfa, ust and chst7, respectively, develop to adults. However, csgalnact1a-/- fish develop distinct craniofacial defects while the chsy1-/- skeletal phenotype is milder and the remaining mutants display no gross morphological abnormalities. These results suggest a high redundancy for the CS/DS biosynthetic enzymes and to further reduce CS/DS biosynthesis we combined mutant alleles. The craniofacial phenotype is further enhanced in csgalnact1a-/-;chsy1-/- adults and csgalnact1a-/-;csgalnact2-/- larvae. While csgalnact1a-/-;csgalnact2-/- was the most affected allele combination in our study, CS/DS is still not completely abolished. Transcriptome analysis of chsy1-/-, csgalnact1a-/- and csgalnact1a-/-;csgalnact2-/- larvae revealed that the expression had changed in a similar way in the three mutant lines but no differential expression was found in any of fifty GAG biosynthesis enzymes identified. Thus, zebrafish larvae do not increase transcription of GAG biosynthesis genes as a consequence of decreased CS/DS biosynthesis. The new zebrafish lines develop phenotypes similar to clinical characteristics of several human congenital disorders making the mutants potentially useful to study disease mechanisms and treatment.
Prevalence of and factors associated with late diagnosis of HIV in Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe: Results from population-based nationally representative surveys
Authors: Haas Andreas D. , Radin Elizabeth , Birhanu Sehin , Low Andrea J. , Saito Suzue , Sachathep Karampreet , Balachandra Shirish , Manjengwa Julius , Duong Yen T. , Jonnalagadda Sasi , Payne Danielle , Bello George , Hakim Avi J. , Smart Theo , Ahmed Nahima , Cuervo-Rojas Juliana , Auld Andrew , Patel Hetal , Parekh Bharat , Williams Daniel B. , Barradas Danielle T. , Mugurungi Owen , Mulenga Lloyd B. , Voetsch Andrew C. , Justman Jessica E.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Late diagnosis of HIV (LD) increases the risk of morbidity, mortality, and HIV transmission. We used nationally representative data from population-based HIV impact assessment (PHIA) surveys in Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe (2015–2016) to characterize adults at risk of LD and to examine associations between LD and presumed HIV transmission to cohabiting sexual partners.

Methods

We estimated the prevalence of LD, defined as CD4 count <350 cells/μL, among adults newly diagnosed with HIV during the surveys and odds ratios for associated factors. We linked newly diagnosed adults (index cases) to their household sexual partners and calculated adjusted odds ratios for associations between LD of the index case, viral load of the index case, and duration of HIV exposure in the relationship, and the HIV status of the household sexual partner.

Results

Of 1,804 adults who were newly diagnosed with HIV in the surveys, 49% (882) were diagnosed late. LD was associated with male sex, older age, and almost five times the odds of having an HIV-positive household sexual partner (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.65 [95% confidence interval: 2.56–8.45]). Longer duration of HIV exposure in a relationship and higher viral load of the index case were both independently associated with higher odds of having HIV-positive household sexual partners. Individuals with HIV exposure of more than 5 years had more than three times (aOR 3.42 [95% CI: 1.63–7.18]) higher odds of being HIV positive than those with less than 2 years HIV exposure. The odds of being HIV positive were increased in individuals who were in a relationship with an index case with a viral load of 400–3499 copies/mL (aOR 4.06 [95% CI 0.45–36.46]), 3,500–9,999 copies/mL (aOR 11.32 [95% CI: 4.08–31.39]), 10,000–49,999 copies/mL (aOR 17.07 [95% CI: 9.18–31.72]), and ≥50,000 copies/mL (aOR 28.41 [95% CI: 12.18–66.28]) compared to individuals who were in a relationship with an index case with a viral load of <400 copies/mL.

Conclusions

LD remains a challenge in Southern Africa and is strongly associated with presumed HIV transmission to household sexual partners. Our study underscores the need for earlier HIV diagnosis, particularly among men and older adults, and the importance of index testing.
Clinical outcomes among adolescents living with HIV in Kenya following initiation on antiretroviral treatment
Authors: Kose Judith , Tiam Appolinaire , Siamba Stephen , Lenz Cosima , Okoth Elizabeth , Wolters Theresa , van de Vijver David , Rakhmanina Natella
Published: February 2022

In Kenya, HIV/AIDS remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV). Our study evaluated associations between demographic and healthcare factors and HIV treatment outcomes among ALHIV in care in Kenya. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the clinical outcomes of newly diagnosed ALHIV enrolled in HIV care during January 2017-June 2018 at 32 healthcare facilities in Homabay and Kakamega Counties. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from patient clinical records and registers during the follow up study period January 2017-through May 2019. ALHIV were stratified by age (10–14 versus 15–19 years). Categorical variables were summarized using descriptive statistics; continuous variables were analyzed using mean values. The latest available treatment and virological outcomes for ALHIV were assessed. 330 ALHIV were included in the study (mean age 15.9 years; 81.8% female, 63.0% receiving HIV care at lower-level healthcare facilities). Most (93.2%) were initiated on ART within 14 days of diagnosis; 91.4% initiated EFV-based regimens. Of those on ART, only 44.6% were active on care at the end of the study period. Of those eligible for viral load testing, 83.9% were tested with 84.4% viral suppression rate. Retention in care was higher at higher-level facilities (67.5%) compared to lower-level facilities (28.6%). Factors associated with higher retention in care were school attendance (aRR = 1.453), receipt of disclosure support (aRR = 13.315), and receiving care at a high-level health facility (aRR = 0.751). Factors associated with viral suppression included older age (15–19 years) (aRR = 1.249) and pre-ART clinical WHO stage I/II (RR = .668). Viral suppression was higher among older ALHIV. Studies are needed to evaluate effective interventions to improve outcomes among ALHIV in Kenya.