bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ATF4 Gene Network Mediates Cellular Response to the Anticancer PAD Inhibitor YW3-56 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Wang Shu , Chen Xiangyun Amy , Hu Jing , Jiang Jian-kang , Li Yunfei , Chan-Salis Ka Yim , Gu Ying , Chen Gong , Thomas Craig , Pugh B. Franklin , Wang Yanming
Published: January 2015

We previously reported that a pan-PAD inhibitor, YW3-56, activates p53 target genes to inhibit cancer growth. However, the p53-independent anticancer activity and molecular mechanisms of YW3-56 remain largely elusive. Here, gene expression analyses found that ATF4 target genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response were activated by YW3-56. Depletion of ATF4 greatly attenuated YW3-56–mediated activation of the mTORC1 regulatory genes SESN2 and DDIT4. Using the ChIP-exo method, high-resolution genomic binding sites of ATF4 and CEBPB responsive to YW3-56 treatment were generated. In human breast cancer cells, YW3-56–mediated cell death features mitochondria depletion and autophagy perturbation. Moreover, YW3-56 treatment effectively inhibits the growth of triple-negative breast cancer xenograft tumors in nude mice. Taken together, we unveiled the anticancer mechanisms and therapeutic potentials of the pan-PAD inhibitor YW3-56. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(4); 877–88. ©2015 AACR.
Comparison of Tamsulosin Plus Serenoa Repens with Tamsulosin in the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Korean Men: 1-Year Randomized Open Label Study
Authors: Ryu Young Woo , Lim Song Won , Kim Jung Hoon , Ahn Seung Hyun , Choi Jae Duck
Published: January 2015

Introduction: In Korea, increasing attention has recently been given to the use of phytotherapeutic agents to alleviate the symptoms of BPH. Serenoa repens has been shown to have an equivalent efficacy to Finasteride or Tamsulosin in the treatment of BPH in previous studies. The present study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of Serenoa repens plus tamsulosin with tamsulosin only over 12 months in men with LUTS secondary to BPH. Materials and Methods: One hundred forty men with symptomatic BPH (IPSS ≥10) were recruited in our hospital for a 12-month, open-label, randomized trial. Patients were randomly assigned to either tamsulosin 0.2 mg/day plus Serenoa repens 320 mg/day (n = 60) or tamsulosin 0.2 mg/day only (n = 60). Prostate volume and PSA were measured at baseline and at end-point, whereas total IPSS, and its storage and voiding subscores, LUTS-related QoL, Qmax, and PVR were evaluated at baseline and later every 6 months. Results: Total 103 patients were finally available: 50 in the TAM + SR group and 53 in the TAM group. At 12 months, total IPSS decreased by 5.8 with TAM + SR and 5.5 with TAM (p = 0.693); the storage symptoms improved significantly more with TAM + SR (-1.7 vs. -0.8 with TAM, p = 0.024). This benefit with regard to storage symptom in the TAM + SR group lasts at 12 months (-1.9 vs. -0.9, p = 0.024). The changes of voiding subscore, LUTS-related QoL, Qmax, PVR, PSA, and prostate volume showed no significant differences between the TAM + SR and TAM groups. During the treatment period, 8 patients (16.9%) with TAM and 10 (20%) with TAM + SR had drug-related adverse reactions, which included ejaculatory disorders, postural hypotension, dizziness, headache, gastro-intestinal disorders, rhinitis, fatigue and asthenia. Conclusions: The combination treatment of Serenoa repens and tamsulosin was shown to be more effective than tamsulosin monotherapy in reducing storage symptoms in BPH patients after 6 months and up to 12 months of treatment.
Individualized Supplementation of Folic Acid According to Polymorphisms of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR), Methionine Synthase Reductase (MTRR) Reduced Pregnant Complications
Authors: Li Xiujuan , Jiang Jing , Xu Min , Xu Mei , Yang Yan , Lu Wei , Yu Xuemei , Ma Jianlin , Pan Jiakui
Published: January 2015

Objective: This study aimed to detect the genotype distributions and allele frequencies of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T, A1298C and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G polymorphisms of pregnant women in Jiaodong region in China, and to investigate whether folic acid supplementation affect the pregnancy complications. Setting: A total of 7,812 pregnant women from the Jiaodong region in Shandong province in China. Methods: By using Taqman-MGB, 2,928 pregnant women (case group) were tested for the genotype distributions and allele frequencies of MTHFR C677T, A1298C and MTRR A66G polymorphisms. Folic acid metabolism ability was ranked at four levels and then pregnant women in different rank group were supplemented with different doses of folic acid. Their pregnancy complications were followed up and compared with 4,884 pregnant women without folic acid supplementation (control group) in the same hospital. Results: The allele frequencies of MTHFR C677T were 49.1 and 50.9%; those of MTHFR A1298C were 80.2 and 19.8%, and those of MTRR A66G were 74.1 and 25.9%. After supplemented with folic acid, the complication rates in different age groups were significantly reduced, especially for gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Conclusion: Periconceptional folic acid supplementation and healthcare following gene polymorphism testing may be a powerful measure to decrease congenital malformations.
Systemic Infection Generates a Local-Like Immune Response of the Bacteriome Organ in Insect Symbiosis
Authors: Masson Florent , Vallier Agnès , Vigneron Aurélien , Balmand Séverine , Vincent-Monégat Carole , Zaidman-Rémy Anna , Heddi Abdelaziz
Published: January 2015

Endosymbiosis is common in insects thriving in nutritionally unbalanced habitats. The cereal weevil, Sitophilus oryzae, houses Sodalis pierantonius, a Gram-negative intracellular symbiotic bacterium (endosymbiont), within a dedicated organ called a bacteriome. Recent data have shown that the bacteriome expresses certain immune genes that result in local symbiont tolerance and control. Here, we address the question of whether and how the bacteriome responds to insect infections involving exogenous bacteria. We have established an infection model by challenging weevil larvae with the Gram-negative bacterium Dickeya dadantii. We showed that D. dadantii infects host tissues and triggers a systemic immune response. Gene transcript analysis indicated that the bacteriome is also immune responsive, but it expresses immune effector genes to a lesser extent than the systemic and intestinal responses. Most genes putatively involved in immune pathways remain weakly expressed in the bacteriome following D. dadantii infection. Moreover, quantitative PCR experiments showed that the endosymbiont load is not affected by insect infection or the resulting bacteriome immune activation. Thus, the contained immune effector gene expression in the bacteriome may prevent potentially harmful effects of the immune response on endosymbionts, whilst efficiently protecting them from bacterial intruders.
Relationship between Sustained Disability Progression and Functional System Scores in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Analysis of Placebo Data from Four Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Scott Thomas , Wang Ping , You Xiaojun , Mann Monica , Sperling Bjørn
Published: January 2015

Background: The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), based on different functional system scores (FSS), remains the most frequently used disability assessment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). In this analysis, we evaluated the relationship between sustained disability progression, measured by EDSS, and simultaneous changes in individual FSS domains. Methods: A post hoc analysis was performed on data from placebo-treated RRMS patients from four large, randomized, multicenter, phase 3 clinical trials. Sustained disability progression was defined as a ≥1.0-point EDSS score increase over a ≥3- or ≥6-month period. Simultaneous sustained disability progression and worsening of individual FSS domains was analyzed. Results: The majority of patients experienced sustained disability progression and simultaneous worsening of ≥1 FSS domain, with ≥1-point worsening in the pyramidal domain being most frequently associated with sustained disability progression (in 31-51% of patients), followed by ≥1-point worsening in the cerebellar (35-41% of patients) and sensory (31-45% of patients) domains. Conclusion: The key FSS components correlating with sustained disability progression, measured by EDSS, appear to be pyramidal, cerebellar, and sensory. In this analysis, the simultaneous worsening of consistent FSS domains confirms the validity and reliability of the use of sustained EDSS progression as a measure of disability progression.
Psoriasis Vulgaris with or without Arthritis and Independent of Disease Severity or Duration Is a Risk Factor for Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Santos-Juanes Jorge , Coto-Segura Pablo , Fernández-Vega Ivan , Armesto Susana , Martínez-Camblor Pablo
Published: January 2015

Background: Psoriasis (Ps) has been associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. Interesting epidemiological evidence suggests associations between Ps and dyslipidemia (DL), a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between Ps and multiple measurements of DL, which include levels of triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol (TCh). We also studied the relationship between DL and disease duration. Methods: A prospective hospital-based study was conducted. A total of 661 Caucasian patients with chronic plaque Ps and 661 sex- and age-matched controls were enrolled. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that in psoriatic patients the odds ratio (OR) of TCh >200 mg/dl was 1.406 (95% confidence interval 1.115-1.173), the OR of LDL cholesterol >130 mg/dl was 1.375 (95% confidence interval 1.088-1.738), the OR of HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dl was 0.881 (95% confidence interval 0.599-1.297), and the OR of TGs >150 mg/dl was 1.041 (95% confidence interval 0.783-1.385). We did not find a relationship between lipid levels and disease duration. Conclusion: Based on our population Ps is associated with alterations in TCh and LDL cholesterol, but not in TGs and HDL cholesterol, when ATP III panel levels are used. These alterations are not related to disease duration.
The Role of Interferon-λ Locus Polymorphisms in Hepatitis C and Other Infectious Diseases
Authors: Griffiths Samantha J. , Dunnigan Cory M. , Russell Clark D. , Haas Jürgen G.
Published: January 2015

Since its discovery in 2003, the type III interferon-λ (IFN-λ) family has been found to contribute significantly to the host response to infection. Whilst IFN-λ shares many features with type I IFN induction and signalling pathways, the tissue-specific restricted expression of its receptor, IL28RA, makes IFN-λ a major mediator of host innate immunity in tissues and organs with a high epithelial cell content. Host susceptibility and responses to infection are known to be heterogeneous, and the identification of common genetic variants linked to disease outcome by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has underscored the significance of host polymorphisms in responses to infection. Several such GWAS have highlighted the IFN-λ locus on chromosome 19q13 as an area of genetic variation significantly associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and the rs12979860 genotype can be used in clinical practice as a biomarker for predicting a successful response to treatment with pegylated IFN and ribavarin. Here, we discuss IFN-λ genetic polymorphisms and their role in HCV and other infectious diseases as well as their potential impact on clinical diagnostics, patient stratification and therapy. Finally, the broader role of IFN-λ in the immunopathogenesis of non-infectious inflammatory diseases is considered.
Clinical Evaluation of 368 Patients with Nasal Rosacea: Subtype Classification and Grading of Nasal Rosacea
Authors: Lee Woo Jin , Jung Joon Min , Won Kwang Hee , Won Chong Hyun , Chang Sung Eun , Choi Jee Ho , Moon Kee Chan , Lee Mi Woo
Published: January 2015

Background: The clinical features of nasal rosacea have not been described in detail. Objective: To describe the clinical features of nasal rosacea. Methods: 599 patients were classified into those with rosacea in both the nasal and extra-nasal areas (group A), localized nasal rosacea (group B) and rosacea without nasal involvement (group C). Results: The mixed subtype was more common in group A (n = 337) than in group C (n = 231). The severity score was higher in group A than in group C. Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea was the most common subtype in group B (n = 31) and was more common in group B than in group A. Rosacea mainly affected the lower half of the nose in group B, but affected the entire nose in group A. Conclusion: Nasal involvement may be an index of severe rosacea. Localized nasal rosacea is a separate spectrum with different clinical features.
Anti-Tumour Necrosis Factor-Induced Visceral and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Català Alba , Roé Esther , Dalmau Joan , Pomar Virginia , Muñoz Carme , Yelamos Oriol , Puig Luis
Published: January 2015

Background: Leishmaniasis is a chronic protozoan disease in which organisms are found within phagolysosomes of the mononuclear phagocyte system. There are three major forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral. We report the first case of visceral leishmaniasis with cutaneous involvement in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with the anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) adalimumab. Objective: To highlight cutaneous leishmaniasis as the first indicator of a kala-azar disease in a patient treated with anti-TNF and to review the literature on leishmaniasis in the context of anti-TNF therapy. Case Report: A 59-year-old woman presented with a crusted plaque on the right elbow 34 months after the initiation of adalimumab. A cutaneous biopsy showed intracellular amastigotes. No Leishmania parasites were observed in a bone marrow aspirate, but laboratory tests showed anaemia and impaired liver function, abdominal ultrasonography showed hepatomegaly, and ELISA serology was strongly positive for Leishmania antibodies in serum and urine. Adalimumab was withdrawn and treatment combining intralesional pentavalent antimonials and liposomal amphotericin was started. Eight weeks later, the leishmaniasis had resolved. Conclusion: A skin biopsy disclosing leishmaniasis should prompt tests to rule out visceral leishmaniasis, especially in an area such as the Mediterranean where the prevalence of latent Leishmania infection is high.
Galectin-3 Predicts Long-Term Cardiovascular Death in High-Risk Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Maiolino Giuseppe , Rossitto Giacomo , Pedon Luigi , Cesari Maurizio , Frigo Anna Chiara , Azzolini Matteo , Plebani Mario , Rossi Gian Paolo
Published: January 2015

Objective—

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) can affect atherogenesis by multiple mechanisms, but it remains scarcely known whether plasma Gal-3 levels predict cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease. Therefore, we investigated if Gal-3 predicts cardiovascular death in patients with coronary artery disease of the Genetic and ENvironmental factors In Coronary Artery disease study.

Approach and Results—

In a prospective cohort study, we measured the plasma levels of Gal-3 in 1013 randomly selected patients who underwent coronary angiography and long-term follow-up to assess incident cardiovascular events. The primary end points were (1) cardiovascular death and (2) a composite of cardiovascular death, acute coronary syndrome, and stroke. Secondary end points entailed (1) acute myocardial infarction, (2) stroke, and (3) a composite fatal ischemic event including fatal myocardial infarction and stroke. The effect of Gal-3 on prognosis was assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis and multivariate Cox’s regression. During long-term follow-up (median, 7.2 years), 115 cardiovascular deaths occurred (15.2%), more commonly in the high Gal-3 tertile (25.2%) than in the intermediate and the low tertiles (13.6% versus 7.5%, respectively;
P
<0.001). The adverse prognostic effect of high Gal-3 was confirmed in subgroup analysis of the patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease and also of those with a normal left ventricular ejection fraction. At multivariate analysis, Gal-3 was a predictor of cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–2.93;
P
=0.020) along with age, left ventricular ejection fraction, and coronary atherosclerotic burden.

Conclusions—

In high cardiovascular risk patients referred for coronary angiography Gal-3 is a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular death.
Inter-populational variations in body color related to growth stage and sex in Gaetice depressus (De Haan, 1835) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Varunidae)
Authors: Murakami Yukiko , Wada Keiji
Published: January 2015

The relative frequencies of color morphs in two populations of Gaetice depressus (De Haan, 1835) differed between size classes and sexes, the proportion of dark-colored crabs being greater in a habitat of dark colored cobbles, less where cobbles were light, indicating a conformance of G. depressus carapace color with background color. This difference between the two populations was apparent from the onset of the benthic stage. Field experiments demonstrated that a change in color proportion was greater on a dark-colored background compared to a light-colored background. However, a tethering experiment revealed no difference in the survival rate of young crabs of either color on either site, indicating that while body color difference between populations is attributable to the color pattern at settlement, the darkening of individual crabs on a dark-colored background was not due to different survival rates for individuals of different color patterns. As with carapace color in relation to body size, the proportion of dark-colored crabs was found to increase with increasing body size. Field and laboratory experiments demonstrated that light-colored crabs became darker with time, whereas dark-colored crabs exhibited little temporal change in body color. The proportion of dark-colored crabs was higher in females than in males, temporal color changes observed in the field also demonstrating that females became darker compared to males, irrespective of background color.
Ligidium acutangulum sp. nov., a new species of terrestrial Isopoda (Oniscidea, Ligiidae) from China
Authors: Li Wei-Chun
Published: January 2015

A new species of terrestrial Isopoda, Ligidium acutangulum sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on material from China. The new species can be diagnosed by the apical part of the pleopod 2 endopod being acutely triangular, the inner margin straight, and the outer margin concave near a well-developed process. Type specimens are deposited in the Insect Museum, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P. R. China.
Lipase activity sensitive to dopamine, glucagon and cyclic AMP in the hepatopancreas of the euryhaline burrowing crab Neohelice granulata (Dana, 1851) (Decapoda, Grapsidae)
Authors: Michiels María S. , del Valle Juana C. , López Mañanes Alejandra A.
Published: January 2015

We studied the biochemical characteristics and modulation by dopamine, glucagon and cAMP of lipase activity in hepatopancreas of the euryhaline crabNeohelice granulata(Dana, 1851), considered to be an emergent model for biochemical, physiological and ecological research. Lipase activity was maximum at pH 8.5; it exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics (apparent ), was highest at 37°C but appeared to be cold- and heat-tolerant, since it was high at 4°C and at 45°C. Lipase activity was enhanced upon incubation of hepatopancreas with 10−4 M dopamine (about 100%), 2 × 10−3 M glucagon (about 250%) and 10−4 M cAMP (about 150%) suggesting a role of these chemical messengers in mechanisms of regulation of lipolytic activities and its direct effect on the hepatopancreas. The concomitant decrease in triglycerides content upon dopamine and cAMP treatment suggests a link between enhanced lipase activity by these messengers and triglycerides catabolism.
Amberboa maroofii (Asteraceae, Cardueae–Centaureinae), a new species from Kurdistan, Iran
Authors: Negaresh Kazem
Published: January 2015

Amberboa maroofii is described and illustrated as a new species from Kurdistan Province, W Iran. It is a diploid species (2n = 2x = 32) and morphologically most similar to A. glauca. The new species is also compared with A. moschata, A. sosnovskyi and A. zanjanica. Its distribution range covers a small area; it grows on clay at elevations of 1400–1800 m.
A new species of Neckera (Neckeraceae, Bryophyta) from northern Vietnam
Authors: Enroth Johannes , TOUW ANDRIES
Published: January 2015

Neckera praetermissa Enroth & Touw spec. nov. (Neckeraceae) is described from northern Vietnam. It is morphologically closest to the SE Asian N. undulatifolia (Tix.) Enroth, with which it shares the similar, ovate-ligulate and symmetric leaves with coarsely dentate apices, and strongly incrassate and porose leaf cell walls. However, N. undulatifolia has the stems up to 10 cm long and a distinct costa reaching to 5/6 of leaf length, while the stems of N. praetermissa are to c. 3 cm long and the leaves are ecostate or with a weak costa reaching to 1/6 of leaf length at most.
Six new Chinese species of the Pachyprotasis melanosoma group （Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) with a key to the species
Authors: ZHONG YIHAI , LI ZEJIAN , WEI MEICAI
Published: January 2015

The Pachyprotasis melanosoma group is defined as a part of the former P. rapae group, and a key to this species of this group from China is provided. Six new species from China are described in this paper: P. coximaculata Zhong & Wei, sp. n.; P. coxipunctata Zhong & Wei, sp. n.; P. hengshani Zhong & Wei, sp. n.; P. maculoscutellata Zhong & Wei, sp. n.; P. pailongensis Zhong & Wei, sp. n. and P. qilianica Zhong & Wei, sp. n.
Two new species of Euphranta Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae: Trypetiane)
and an updated key for the species from India
Authors: DAVID K. J. , SINGH SHAKTI KUMAR
Published: January 2015

Two new species of genus Euphranta Loew, namely E. wrightiae sp. nov. and E. pseudocassiae sp. nov. are described from India. An updated key to Indian species of Euphranta is also provided.
Modeling Regional Crop Yield and Irrigation Demand Using SMAP Type of Soil Moisture Data
Authors: El Sharif Husayn , Wang Jingfeng , Georgakakos Aris P.
Published: January 2015

Agricultural models, such as the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer cropping system model (DSSAT-CSM), have been developed for predicting crop yield at field and regional scales and to provide useful information for water resources management. A potentially valuable input to agricultural models is soil moisture. Presently, no observations of soil moisture exist covering the entire United States at adequate time (daily) and space (~10 km or less) resolutions desired for crop yield assessments. Data products from NASA’s upcoming Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission will fill the gap. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the usefulness of the SMAP soil moisture data in modeling and forecasting crop yields and irrigation amount. A simple, efficient data assimilation algorithm is presented in which the agricultural crop model DSSAT-CSM is constrained to produce modeled crop yield and irrigation amounts that are consistent with SMAP-type data. Numerical experiments demonstrate that incorporating the SMAP data into the agricultural model provides an added benefit of reducing the uncertainty of modeled crop yields when the weather input data to the crop model are subject to large uncertainty.
Optically-derived mechanical properties of glass fiber-reinforced polymer laminates for multifunctional load-bearing structures
Authors: Pascual Carlos , de Castro Julia , Kostro André , Schueler Andreas , Vassilopoulos Anastasios P , Keller Thomas
Published: January 2015

This paper demonstrates how the translucency of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates allows the derivation of their mechanical properties through optical measurements. Spectrophotometric, goniophotometric and tensile experiments were performed on unidirectional and cross-ply hand lay-up GFRP laminates with fiber volume fractions ranging from 0.15 to 0.45. An analytical model to predict the directional fiber volume fractions—and thus the mechanical properties of GFRP laminates—has been developed based on the total and diffuse transmittance and directional light scattering of the laminates. It is demonstrated that structurally optimized GFRP laminates can meet the requirements for GFRP skylights and the encapsulation of photovoltaic cells into translucent GFRP laminates.
Mechanical, water absorption, and aging properties of polypropylene/flax/glass fiber hybrid composites
Authors: Ghasemzadeh-Barvarz Massoud , Duchesne Carl , Rodrigue Denis
Published: January 2015

This work investigates the mechanical and aging properties of flax/glass fibers reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites. The mechanical properties as a function of reinforcement content show that adding glass fiber to polypropylene/flax composites improves tensile modulus and strength as well as impact resistance and hardness, but has negligible effect on strain at yield and elongation at break. Water uptake at 85℃ and variations in mechanical behavior are determined after water, thermal, and accelerated UV aging tests. The results indicate that glass fibers enhance water resistance of polypropylene/flax composites. Thermal aging at 85℃ reveals that irrespective of filler type and content the composites are thermally resistant. According to accelerated UV aging tests, the presence of glass fiber accelerates the degradation of the polypropylene matrix, but flax fiber can protect the composites. Finally, a partial least-squares model is built to correlate the composite composition to the properties of aged and unaged specimens.
Adrenal insufficiency from over-the-counter medicine as a cause of shock in rural area of Thailand: A study at Sisaket Provincial Hospital during October 2012 – October 2013
Authors: Kamrat Nuttamon
Published: January 2015

This retrospective study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of an adrenal crisis at a provincial hospital in Thailand over a period of 1 year, and also to explore the relationship between adrenal insufficiency and over-the-counter medicine (OTCM) ingestion. We recruited those patients admitted at Sisaket Hospital between October 2012 and October 2013 who were diagnosed with shock and adrenal insufficiency or adrenal crisis. Of 2,435 patients diagnosed with shock from all causes, 62 (2.55 %) were diagnosed with adrenal crisis, of whom 31 (50.0%) gave a history of OTCM ingestion. This study suggests adrenal crisis with shock is not that uncommon and that the use of OTCM may be the prime culprit.
Provision of Amniotic Fluid During Parenteral Nutrition Increases Weight Gain With Limited Effects on Gut Structure, Function, Immunity, and Microbiology in Newborn Preterm Pigs
Authors: Østergaard Mette Viberg , Shen Rene Liang , Støy Ann Cathrine Findal , Skovgaard Kerstin , Krych Łukasz , Leth Stine Sofie , Nielsen Dennis Sandris , Hartmann Bolette , Bering Stine Brandt , Schmidt Mette , Sangild Per Torp
Published: January 2015

Background: Small enteral boluses with human milk may reduce the risk of subsequent feeding intolerance and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition (PN). We hypothesized that feeding amniotic fluid, the natural enteral diet of the mammalian fetus, will have similar effects and improve growth and gastrointestinal (GI) maturation in preterm neonates receiving PN, prior to the transition to milk feeding. Materials and Methods: Twenty‐seven pigs, delivered by cesarean section at ~90% of gestation, were provided with PN and also fed boluses with amniotic fluid (AF; n = 13, 24–72 mL/kg/d) or no oral supplements (nil per os [NPO]; n = 14) until day 5 when blood, tissue, and fecal samples were collected for analyses. Results: Body weight gain was 2.7‐fold higher in AF vs NPO pigs. AF pigs showed slower gastric emptying, reduced meal‐induced release of gastric inhibitory peptide and glucagon‐like peptide 2, changed gut microbiota, and reduced intestinal permeability. There were no effects on GI weight, percentage mucosa, villus height, plasma citrulline, hexose absorptive capacity, and digestive enzymes. Intestinal interleukin (IL)–1β levels and expression of IL1B and IL8 were increased in AF pigs, while blood biochemistry and amino acid levels were minimally affected. Conclusion: Enteral boluses of AF were well tolerated in the first 5 days of life in preterm pigs receiving PN. Enteral provision of AF before the initiation of milk feeding may stimulate body growth and improve hydration in preterm infants receiving PN. Furthermore, it may improve GI motility and integrity, although most markers of GI maturation remain unchanged.
Debating Darija: Telquel and language politics in modern Morocco
Authors: Iddins Annemarie
Published: January 2015

This article examines the role of Darija, or Moroccan Arabic, in relation to ongoing debates about Moroccan identity and citizenship in an era of increased global connectivity. In particular, I focus on debates surrounding language and identity in a prominent francophone news magazine called Telquel. Through a thematic textual analysis of Telquel, I examine how language has emerged as a key structuring factor in shaping Moroccan identity and politics. Situated in relation to broader transitions in Moroccan society and culture over the past decade as well as recent socio-political movements across the Middle East–North Africa region, this study shows how Telquel became a crucial site of cultural production wherein discussions of language, identity, and political priorities were played out, particularly in the Arab Spring moment. I argue that Telquel attempts to provoke discussion by constantly testing the boundaries of free expression, taking on taboo topics such as the monarchy, declaring them open for commentary and critique by a new category of citizen-subject.
Protective effects of grape seed extract on cadmium-induced testicular damage, apoptosis, and endothelial nitric oxide synthases expression in rats
Authors: Sönmez Mehmet Fatih , Tascioglu Simge
Published: January 2015

This study aims to evaluate the protective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on cadmium (Cd)-induced testicular apoptosis, endothelial nitric oxide synthases (eNOS) expression, and toxicity in rats. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, namely, control, Cd (2.5 mg/kg), Cd + GSPE (100 mg/kg/day), and GSPE. Spermatogenesis and mean seminiferous tubule diameter were significantly decreased in the Cd groups. Furthermore, the GSPE-treated animals showed an improved histological appearance in the Cd group. The immunoreactivity of eNOS and the number of apoptotic cells were increased in Cd group. Our data indicate a significant reduction of terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated 2′-deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate nick end-labeling staining and a decrease in the expression of eNOS in the testes tissue of the Cd group treated with GSPE therapy. Therefore, our results suggest that GSPE acts as a potent protective agent against Cd-induced testicular toxicity in rats.
Dibutyl phthalate induces oxidative stress and impairs spermatogenesis in adult rats
Authors: Aly Hamdy AA , Hassan Memy H , El-Beshbishy Hesham A , Alahdal Abdulrahman M , Osman Abdel-Moneim M
Published: January 2015

Phthalates are abundantly produced plasticizers, and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is the most widely used derivative in various consumer products and medical devices. This study was conducted to further explore the potential testicular toxicity of DBP in adult rats and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Adult male albino rats were treated orally with DBP at doses of 0, 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg/day for 15 consecutive days. Testicular weight, sperm count, and motility were significantly decreased. Treatment with DBP decreased serum follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone levels and testicular lactate dehydrogenase activity. DBP treatment also decreased serum total antioxidant capacity and the activities of the testicular antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase. Further, DBP treatment provoked degeneration with absence of spermatogenesis and sperms and necrosis in some of seminiferous tubules. These results indicated that oxidative stress and subsequent decrease in testosterone secretion were the potential underlying mechanism of DBP-induced testicular toxicity.
Assessment of phytochemicals, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential of Boerhavia procumbens Banks ex Roxb
Authors: Bokhari Jasia , Khan Muhammad Rashid , Haq Ihsan Ul
Published: January 2015

Boerhavia procumbens is traditionally used in the treatment of various disorders including jaundice and gonorrhea, is a refrigerant, and exhibits anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical classes, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of methanol extract (BPME) and different fractions ( n-hexane (BPHE), ethyl acetate (BPEE), n-butanol (BPBE), and residual aqueous fraction (BPAE)) of B. procumbens against carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. To assess the anti-inflammatory effects of B. procumbens, 42 Sprague Dawley male rats (150–200 g) were randomly divided into seven groups. Group I received distilled water and group II was treated with diclofenac potassium (10 mg/kg) body weight (bw) orally. Groups III, IV, V, VI, and VII were administered BPME, BPHE, BPEE, BPBE, and BPAE (200 mg/kg bw) orally, 1 h before the treatment with carrageenan (10 mg/kg bw) in rats. Anti-inflammatory effects of B. procumbens were determined by estimating the inhibition of edema at 1st, 2nd, and 3rd hour after carrageenan injection. Qualitative analysis of methanol extract indicated the composition of diverse classes, namely, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phlobatannins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, and anthraquinones. Quantitative determination illustrated that BPBE and BPEE possessed the highest concentration of total phenolic (60.45 ± 2.1 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram sample) and total flavonoid content (68.05 ± 2.3 mg rutin equivalent per gram sample), respectively. A dose-dependent response for antioxidant activity was exhibited by all the samples. The sample with the highest aptitude for antioxidant activity was the BPBE for 2,2-azobis,3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacity. Carrageenan-induced paw edema was significantly ( p < 0.05) inhibited by BPBE and BPME at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd hour and was comparable to control drug diclofenac potassium. Results revealed that various fractions of B. procumbens manifested the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential and accredit the local use of B. procumbens in various disorders.
In vitro activation of dibromoacetonitrile to cyanide by myeloperoxidase
Authors: Al-Abbasi Fahad A
Published: January 2015

Dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN) is a disinfection by-product classified as a potential human and animal carcinogen. This study aimed at investigating the ability of myeloperoxidase (MPO) to oxidize DBAN to cyanide (CN−) in vitro. Detection of CN− served as a marker for the possible generation of free radical intermediates implicated in DBAN-induced toxicity. Optimum conditions for the oxidation of DBAN to CN− were characterized with respect to pH, temperature, and time of incubation as well as DBAN, MPO, potassium chloride, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations in incubation mixtures. Maximum reaction velocity and Michaelis–Menten constant were assessed. Addition of sodium hypochlorite to the reaction mixtures significantly enhanced the rate of the reaction. Addition of the MPO inhibitors, sodium azide, 4-amino benzoic acid hydrazine, or indomethacin to the reaction mixtures significantly decreased the rate of DBAN oxidation. Inclusion of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase in the incubation mixtures significantly decreased the rate of reaction. Inclusion of the sulfhydryl compounds as reduced glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, d-penicillamine, or l-cysteine enhanced the rate of DBAN oxidation. These results demonstrate the ability of MPO/H2O2/chloride ion system to oxidize DBAN to CN− and provide insight for the elucidation of DBAN chronic toxicity.
Bioimpedance at the Bedside
Authors: Mulasi Urvashi , Kuchnia Adam J. , Cole Abigail J. , Earthman Carrie P.
Published: January 2015

The loss of muscle mass is a defining characteristic of malnutrition, and there is ongoing interest in the assessment of lean tissue at the bedside. Globally, bioimpedance techniques have been widely appreciated for their noninvasiveness, safety, ease of use, portability, and relatively low cost compared with other clinically available methods. In this brief update, we review the 3 primary types of commercially available bioimpedance devices (single‐ and multiple‐frequency and spectroscopy) and differentiate the underlying theory and current applications of each. We also address limitations and potential opportunities for using these devices at the bedside for clinical assessment. Mixed reports in the validation literature for all bioimpedance approaches have raised questions about absolute accuracy to estimate whole body composition in clinical populations, particularly those with abnormal fluid status and/or body geometry in whom underlying method assumptions may be violated. Careful selection of equations can improve whole body estimates by single‐ and multiple‐frequency techniques; however, not all devices will allow for this approach. Research is increasing on the use of bioimpedance variables including phase angle and impedance ratio as potential markers of nutrition status and/or clinical outcomes; consensus on reference cut‐points for interpreting these markers has yet to be established. Novel developments in the bioimpedance spectroscopy approach are allowing for improved fluid management in individuals receiving dialysis; these developments have implications for the clinical management of other conditions associated with fluid overload and may also provide enhanced whole body estimates of lean tissue through new modeling procedures.
Cross-Cultural Validation of the Career Growth Scale for Korean Employees
Authors: Kim Boyoung , Rhee Eunjeong , Ha Gyuyoung , Jung Sun Hwa , Cho Daeyeon , Lee Hong Kwon , Lee Sang Min
Published: January 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the factorial validity of the Career Growth Scale (CGS), which was originally developed by Weng and Hu. Using a sample of 230 South Korean employees, we confirmed that Weng’s four-factor model was appropriate for assessing career growth. When comparing Korean with Chinese employees, Korean employees had relatively higher scores on two CGS subscales, Career Goal Progress and Promotion Speed. Results indicated that the CGS was a valid instrument to measure career growth in Korean employees, suggesting the possibility that the CGS could be used regardless of cultural background. Implications for future research, practice, and limitations are discussed.
Drug-induced haemolysis, renal failure, thrombocytopenia and lactic acidosis in patients with HIV and cryptococcal meningitis: a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Camara-Lemarroy Carlos R , Flores-Cantu Hazael , Calderon-Hernandez Hector J , Diaz-Torres Marco A , Villareal-Velazquez Hector J
Published: January 2015

Patients with HIV are at risk of both primary and secondary haematological disorders. We report two cases of patients with HIV and cryptococcal meningitis who developed severe haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure and lactic acidosis while on treatment with amphotericin B and co-trimoxazole.
Non-healing genital herpes mimicking donovanosis in an immunocompetent man
Authors: Gupta Vishal , Khute Prakash , Patel Anjali , Gupta Somesh
Published: January 2015

Although atypical presentations of herpetic infection in immunocompetent individuals are common, they very rarely have the extensive, chronic and verrucous appearances seen in the immunocompromised host. We report a case of genital herpes manifesting as painless chronic non-healing genital ulcers with exuberant granulation tissue in an immunocompetent man. Owing to this morphology, the ulcers were initially mistaken for donovanosis. To the best of our knowledge, such a presentation of genital herpes in an immunocompetent individual has not been described previously.
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Authors: Jenvey Caitlin J. , Reichel Michael P. , Cockcroft Peter D.
Published: January 2015

Due to relatively high concentrations of immunoglobulins, colostrum has the potential to improve the sensitivity of diagnostic tests for diseases in pigs when compared with serum. It is possible that colostrum could improve the sensitivity of the antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) compared with serum. Colostrum is also essential for piglets, providing protection against infections in the first few weeks and months of life. The sensitivity of 2 commercially available ELISAs, one for the detection of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and the second for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antibodies, when used with sow colostrum in comparison with serum was investigated. The correlation of maternal E. rhusiopathiae– and M. hyopneumoniae–specific antibody levels with specific-antibody serum levels in the piglet was also determined. The sensitivity was defined as the proportion of vaccinated sows that were correctly identified as vaccinated at a given cutoff point. The true disease status of the sows with regard to the 2 infections was unknown. Blood and colostrum samples were collected from 20 sows, 10 primiparous and 10 multiparous, and blood samples were also collected from the piglets of each sow, 48–72 hr post-farrowing. The sensitivities of both ELISAs were significantly improved when using colostrum compared with serum. Sow serum and colostrum optical density (OD) values were significantly correlated. The mean sow OD values for serum for E. rhusiopathiae and M. hyopneumoniae and colostrum for E. rhusiopathiae were significantly correlated with piglet serum OD levels. If the improved sensitivity of colostrum can be demonstrated in infected animals, this will increase the ability of the test to identify infected animals using both individual and pooled colostrum. Testing serum and/or colostrum using ELISA can be useful predictors of piglet disease–specific OD values.
The Mediating Role of Resilience on Quality of Life and Cancer Symptom Distress in Adolescent Patients With Cancer
Authors: Wu Wei-Wen , Tsai Shao-Yu , Liang Shu-Yuan , Liu Chieh-Yu , Jou Shiann-Tarng , Berry Donna L.
Published: January 2015

Understanding how cancer symptom distress and resilience contribute to quality of life (QoL) in adolescent cancer and may potentially help these patients achieve better health-related outcomes. The objective of this study was to describe cancer symptom distress, QoL, and resilience in adolescents with cancer and to determine whether resilience is a mediating variable. Forty adolescent cancer patients were recruited, and data were collected via a demographic questionnaire, the Cancer Symptom Distress Scale, the Resilience Scale, and the Minneapolis-Manchester Quality of Life Scale. Pearson’s correlation, multiple regressions, and the Sobel test were conducted. Both resilience and cancer symptom distress were regressed against QoL, accounting for 62.1% of observed variation in QoL scores. The bootstrap result estimated the true indirect effect between −.0189 and −.0024, with a 95% confidence interval. Resilience mediates the relationship between cancer symptom distress and QoL. Clinical use of a resilience measure, for example to use in developing and evaluating interventions focused on enhancing resilience, may be practical for nurses.
Implementing Extended-Infusion Cefepime as Standard of Care in a Children’s Hospital
Authors: Nichols Kristen R. , Karmire Lauren C. , Cox Elaine G. , Kays Michael B. , Knoderer Chad A.
Published: January 2015

Background: Extended-infusion cefepime (EIC) has been associated with decreased mortality in adults, but to our knowledge, there are no studies in children. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of implementing EIC as the standard dosing strategy in a pediatric population. Methods: This was a descriptive study of children aged 1 month to 17 years, including patients in the intensive care unit, who received cefepime after admission to a freestanding, tertiary care children’s hospital. Patients were excluded if they were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit or received cefepime in the outpatient, operating, or emergency department areas. Demographic and clinical data for patients who received cefepime from April through August 2013, the period following EIC implementation, were extracted from the medical records. Results: A total of 150 patients were included in the study, with a median age (interquartile range [IQR]) of 6 years (2-12.3 years) and median weight (IQR) of 20.7 kg (13.2-42.8 kg); 143 patients received cefepime via extended infusions, and 10 (7.0%) of those were changed to a 30-minute infusion during treatment. The most common reasons for infusion time change were intravenous (IV) incompatibility and IV access concerns, responsible for 50% of changes. Dosing errors and reported incidents during therapy were sparse (n = 12, 8.0%) and were most commonly related to renal dosing errors and/or initial dose error by prescriber. Conclusions: Because 93.0% of the patients who initially received EIC remained on EIC, implementation of EIC as the standard dosing strategy was feasible in this pediatric hospital.
Primary care-led dementia diagnosis services in South Gloucestershire: Themes from people and families living with dementia and health care professionals
Authors: Dodd Emily , Cheston Richard , Cullum Sarah , Jefferies Rosalyn , Ismail Sanda , Gatting Lauren , Fear Tina , Gray Richard
Published: January 2015

Background

Primary care-led dementia services are an increasingly common form of service delivery; however, little is known about how these services are understood by their main stakeholders: the patients, family members and health care professionals. A primary care-led dementia service was piloted in the South Gloucestershire area during 2012, in which general practitioners (GPs) led the process of assessment and establishing a diagnosis. Of the 26 surgeries in the area, 11 initially agreed to participate in the pilot, with 12 more joining the project by the end of December 2012.

Aim

The aim of this study was to provide a qualitative analysis of the experiences of health care professionals, patients and their families, of the new process of assessment, diagnosis and treatment of dementia within a primary care service.

Methods

Four patients, three care-givers and eight health care professionals were interviewed by peer researchers – all of whom were current care-givers. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke’s model. Data were also gathered about the number of referrals and what happened to these referrals.

Results

Themes gathered into four main areas: ‘ the journey’, ‘what next?’, ‘the benefits and limits of primary care’ and ‘are GPs getting it right’?

Conclusions

The analysis provided a perspective on the experiences of patients, family members and health care professionals involved in the relocation of part of the memory service, from secondary care (memory clinics) to primary care, being piloted in South Gloucestershire. This identified both practical issues to be improved upon as well as possible barriers.