bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Unusual Localization of Lunate in a Transcaphoid Volar Lunate Dislocation: Current Concepts
Authors: Kastanis Grigorios , Velivasakis George , Pantouvaki Anna , Spyrantis Manolis
Published: July 2019

Perilunate dislocation and fracture dislocations are rare injuries corresponding to 10% of all carpal injuries. They usually come with high-energy trauma, with associated injuries representing 61%. Volar lunate dislocation or fracture-dislocation accounts for 3% of perilunate injuries. We present a case of a 42-year-old polytrauma male, transmitted to our department 48 hours after a car accident with a trans-scaphoid volar lunate dislocation. During operation, the lunate was displaced volarly to the ulnar side of the wrist, forward to the styloid process of the distal ulna, while the scaphoid fracture appeared at the waist with comminution, and the proximal pole of the scaphoid protruded under the dorsal capsule. Carpal injuries are often missed out in polytrauma patients, and these injuries are underestimated because of the severity of the other visceral or extremity lesions. Untreated or improperly treated, those injuries lead to serious morbidity and loss of function. Therefore, good functional prognosis with decreased percentage of complications can be achieved following early recognition and early open surgical ligamentous complex repair.
Experimental Study on Shear Failure Mechanism and the Identification of Strength Characteristics of the Soil‐Rock Mixture
Authors: Sun Shaorui , Zhu Feng , Wei Jihong , Wang Wuchao , Le Huilin
Published: July 2019

Soil‐rock mixture (SRM) is a special geological material that has the unique properties of rock or soil. Studies on the strength characteristics of the SRM have very important theoretical significance and practical value. In this study, the gravel proportions, gravel sizes, gravel shapes, and repetitive results of shear experiments are considered in laboratory experiments and for the identification of strength parameters. To the gravel shapes, from the angle of the composition materials of SRM, the experimental samples include samples with breccia gravels and with subrounded gravels. And, in this study, the laboratory model experiment is used to research the strength characteristics of SRM. In addition, the shear failure mechanism is used to establish the relationship between the microfailure mechanism and the macrostrength parameters identification. Taking gravel proportion, gravel size, gravel shape, and repetitive shear process as the influencing factors of the SRM, the laboratory models have been remolded, and laboratory direct shear experiments have been carried out. The shear deformation laws of the SRM are researched on the basis of the analysis of the curves of shear stress and the horizontal displacement.
Histone Arginine Methylation-Mediated Epigenetic Regulation of Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 Controls the Senescence of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Xu Zhenyu , Wu Wenming , Shen Fang , Yu Yue , Wang Yue , Xiang Charlie
Published: July 2019

The application of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) in cell-based clinical therapies is hindered by the limited number of cells remaining after the initial isolation process and by cellular senescence following in vitro expansion. Understanding the process of in vitro senescence in hBM-MSCs would enable the development of strategies to maintain their vitality after cell culture. Herein, we compared the gene expression profiles of human embryonic stem cells and human BM-MSCs from donors of different ages. We first found that the expression of discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) in adult donor-derived hBM-MSCs was lower than it was in the young donor-derived hBM-MSCs. Moreover, in vitro cultured late-passage hBM-MSCs showed significant downregulation of DDR2 compared to their early-passage counterparts, and siRNA inhibition of DDR2 expression recapitulated features of senescence in early-passage hBM-MSCs. Further, we found through knockdown and overexpression approaches that coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) regulated the expression level of DDR2 and the senescence of hBM-MSCs. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed direct binding of CARM1 to the DDR2 promoter region with a high level of H3R17 methylation in early-passage hBM-MSCs, and inhibition of CARM1-mediated histone arginine methylation decreased DDR2 expression and led to cellular senescence. Taken together, our findings suggest that DDR2 plays a major role in regulating the in vitro senescence of hBM-MSCs and that CARM1-mediated histone H3 methylation might be the upstream regulatory mechanism controlling this function of DDR2.
Prevalence of Dermatophytosis and Antifungal Activity of Ethanolic Crude Leaf Extract ofTetradenia ripariaagainst Dermatophytes Isolated from Patients Attending Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Uganda
Authors: Kakande Taufik , Batunge Yonah , Eilu Emmanuel , Shabohurira Ambrose , Abimana Justus , Akinola Saheed Adekunle , Muhwezi Reagan , Sunusi Adam Abubakar , Kemuma Onkoba Sarah , Almustapha Aliero Adamu , Atuheire Collins , Kato Charles Drago , Ntulume Ibrahim
Published: July 2019

Dermatophyte infections are a global health problem but neglected in Uganda. This work aimed at determining prevalence of dermatophytosis and antifungal activity of ethanolic crude leaf extract ofTetradenia ripariaagainst dermatophytes isolated from patients attending Kampala International University Teaching Hospital (KIU-TH), Uganda. A total of 100 samples of skin and nail scrapings were collected and processed using standard microscopy (KOH) and cultural methods.T. riparialeaves were collected and processed with 95% ethanol using standard extraction method. The crude leaves ethanolic extract was tested against three dermatophytes:Trichophyton tonsurans,T. mentagrophyte,andMicrosporum audouiniiusing modified agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the ethanolic leaves crude extract were also determined using broth tube dilution and culture, respectively. Out of 100 samples collected, 49 (49%, 95%CI: 0.3930-0.5876) were found positive for microscopy. The prevalence of dermatophytosis was significantly (p=0.001) associated with age groups of participants with higher infection among those aged 11-20 and 21-30 years with 75.0% each. Out of the 49 that were positive by microscopy, 28 (57.15%, 95% CI: 0.1987-0.3739) were positive by culture. Thirty-one (31) fungal isolates were obtained which included both dermatophyte and non-dermatophyte fungi.T. verrucosumhad highest distribution 6 (19.35%) among dermatophytes species whileAspergillusspp. were found to have highest distribution 7 (22.58%) among non-dermatophyte species. The result of the antidermatophytic test showed thatT. ripariaethanolic crude leaves extract had activity against tested dermatophytes at 1 g/ml. MIC and MFC of the crude extract ofT. ripariaagainst tested dermatophytes ranged from 62.5 to 250 mg/ml and 125 to 500 mg/ml, respectively. The findings of this study reported the presence of dermatophytes causing dermatophytosis among patients attending KIU-TH. The results of the current study showed thatT. riparialeaves ethanolic crude extract has antidermatophytic activity against tested dermatophytes.
A New Generation Somatostatin-Dopamine Analogue Exerts Potent Antitumoral Actions on Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor Cells
Authors: Vázquez-Borrego Mari C. , L-López Fernando , Gálvez-Moreno María A. , Fuentes-Fayos Antonio C. , Venegas-Moreno Eva , Herrera-Martínez Aura D. , Blanco-Acevedo Cristóbal , Solivera Juan , Landsman Tanya , Gahete Manuel D. , Soto-Moreno Alfonso , Culler Michael D. , Castaño Justo P. , Luque Raúl M.
Published: July 2019

Background: Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) represent approximately 15% of all intracranial tumors and usually are associated with severe comorbidities. Unfortunately, a relevant number of patients do not respond to currently available pharmacological treatments, that is, somatostatin analogs (SSAs) or dopamine-agonists (DA). Thus, novel, chimeric somatostatin/dopamine compounds (dopastatins) that could improve medical treatment of PitNETs have been designed. Objective: This study aims to determine the direct therapeutic effects of a new-generation dopastatin, BIM-065, on primary cell cultures from different PitNETs subtypes. Methods: Thirty-one PitNET-derived cell cultures (9 corticotropinomas, 9 somatotropinomas, 11 nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas [NFPAs], and 2 prolactinomas), were treated with BIM-065, and key functional endpoints were assessed (cell viability, apoptosis, hormone secretion, expression levels of key genes, free cytosolic [Ca2+]i dynamics, etc.). AtT-20 cell line was used to evaluate signaling pathways in response to BIM-065. Results: This chimeric compound decreased cell viability in all corticotropinomas and somatotropinomas tested, but not in NFPAs. BIM-065 reduced ACTH, GH, chromogranin-A and PRL secretion, and increased apoptosis in corticotropinomas, somatotropinomas, and NFPAs. These effects were possibly mediated through modulation of pivotal signaling cascades like [Ca2+]i kinetic and Akt- or ERK1/2-phosphorylation. Conclusions: Our results unveil a robust antitumoral effect in vitro of the novel chimeric compound BIM-065 on the main PitNET subtypes, inform on the mechanisms involved, and suggest that BIM-065 could be an efficacious therapeutic option to be considered in the treatment of PitNETs.
Percussion Studies de Arthur Kampela
Authors: Serrão Ricardo Henrique
Published: July 2019

As peças musicais intituladas “Estudos” demonstram ainda formar um campo vasto de investigação nas áreas da música. Uma delas situa-se no fato de que no século XX, o gênero Estudo potencializa-se por sua diversidade de propostas e, principalmente, por seu suporte como ambiente de experimentação nos áreas da comosição e performance musicais. Neste artigo, nos concentraremos nos Percussion Studies do compositor brasileiro Arthur Kampela nos quais destacamos uma diversidade de abordagens pedagógicas voltadas à escuta, à performance e à composição musicais. Nesse sentido, nos concentramos no Percussion Study II (1993) – dedicado ao compositor Elliott Carter –, abordando três principais aspectos da obra: (i) a relação som-ruído na obra de Kampela; (ii) temática morfológica e desfamiliarização instrumental e, por fim, (iii) implicações ergônomicas do gesto na complexidade rítmica.
Epidemiology of Vascular Dementia
Authors: Wolters Frank J. , Ikram M. Arfan
Published: July 2019

The notion of what qualifies as vascular dementia has varied greatly since the first mention of dementia after apoplexy in ancient literature. Current insight points towards a multifactorial cause of cognitive decline at old age, in which vascular components like atherosclerosis, arterio(lo)sclerosis, (micro)infarcts, and amyloid angiopathy play an important role alongside other markers of neurodegeneration. Cerebrovascular disease will be present in most individuals with dementia, but—just like other causes—rarely a cause on its own. The consequent limitations of nosology may be alleviated by addition of a vascular component to the recently introduced amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration etiological classification system for dementia. Meanwhile, risk of dementia is increased about 2-fold after stroke, and the prevention of (recurrent) stroke remains a cornerstone in the prevention of vascular dementia. Similarly, control of cardiovascular risk factors from middle age onwards is likely to have contributed to the reported decline in the age-specific incidence of dementia over the past decades. In conjunction with experimental studies, large-scale observational evidence from imaging, genomics, metabolomics, and alike will continue to improve our understanding of the underlying pathophysiological processes. To prevent ecological fallacies, such etiological studies in patients with dementia are best served by inclusion of subjects regardless of the presumed (single) cause of their disease.
Detection of Inflammatory Aortopathies Using Multimodality Imaging
Authors: Bois John P. , Anand Vidhu , Anavekar Nandan S.
Published: July 2019

Diagnosis of the inflammatory aortopathies and importantly, their distinction in the later stages of disease from genetically mediated or acquired (degenerative) aortopathy remains a challenging clinical problem. Historically, the diagnosis of inflammatory aortopathy has required tissue sampling and pathological assessment. Although histological diagnosis remains an important diagnostic criterion, the ability to obtain sufficient tissue samples is problematic and requires invasive approaches that pose important risk. Continuing refinement in the capabilities of multimodality imaging, including ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography provides important insights into the broad spectrum of disease which comprise the inflammatory aortopathies. This review examines the current and emerging role of multimodality imaging in the evaluation of aortitis.
Lobocriconema iranense (Van den Berg, Eskandari, Tiedt & Karegar, 2010) n. comb. and description of L. nokandense n. sp. (Nematoda: Criconematidae) from Iran
Authors: Jahanshahi Afshar Farahnaz , Pourjam Ebrahim , Pedram Majid
Published: July 2019

Two populations of Lobocriconema were recovered from the rhizosphere of Parrotia persica in Rango forest, Gorgan, and Nargesi forest, Nokandeh, Golestan province, northern Iran. Both of the recovered populations were characterised using morphological (light and scanning electron microscopy), morphometric and molecular data based upon small, partial large and internal transcribed spacer 1 ribosomal RNA (SSU, LSU D2-D3, ITS1 rDNA) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c subunit oxidase I (COI mtDNA) gene sequences. The first examined population, recovered from Gorgan, was mainly characterised by having 34-39 retrorse body annuli 11-16 μm thick at mid-body with crenate, dentate and lobulate margins, longitudinal cuticular scratches on entire body on both lateral regions, sometimes one or two anastomoses along the body, a single labial annulus with smooth margin and smaller than the first body annulus, four distinct submedian lobes, simple open vulva with no overhang, and a terminal anus. This population was almost identical to Neolobocriconema iranense, a close examination of a topotype population recovered in this study confirming that they were conspecific. The second population, L. nokandense n. sp., was recovered from the Nokandeh and looked similar to the first population but was morphologically separated from it by a slightly crenate labial annulus under SEM (vs smooth), longer tail (13-21 vs 6-10 μm) and smaller ratio c (23.6-32.4 vs 44.7-86.0). In molecular phylogenetic analyses, the two populations formed a clade in both SSU and LSU phylogenies. In ITS1 and COI phylogenies, the Nokandeh population (the new species) formed a separate sister clade to the N. iranense clade. Detailed observations using SEM data revealed a small annulus between the submedian lobes and the single labial annulus, an open vulva and a slightly ornamented cuticle in all three studied populations (the newly recovered populations from Golestan and the topotype population of N. iranense from Mazandaran province and the new species), corroborating their placement under Lobocriconema. As a result, N. iranense was transferred to Lobocriconema as L. iranense n. comb. (= N. iranense). The new species was morphologically compared with its close relatives L. iranense n. comb., L. pauperum, L. incrassatum, and L. nasuense, all of which having the aforementioned small annulus between the submedian lobes and the first labial annulus. The phylogeny of the genus is discussed.
Occurrence and abundance of nematodes on onion in Turkey and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties
Authors: Yavuzaslanoglu Elif , Sonmezoglu Ozlem Ates , Genc Nimet , Akar Z. Mutlu , Ocal Atilla , Karaca M. Sait , Elekcioglu I. Halil , Ozsoy V. Soner , Aydogdu Metin
Published: July 2019

The distribution of plant-feeding and free-living nematodes in large scale onion production areas in five geographical regions in Turkey was investigated in 2016 and 2017. Ditylenchus spp. and Tylenchus spp. were widely distributed. The stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, was found in 48 locations from 13 provinces. Other plant-feeding nematode genera were Pratylenchus, Paratylenchus and Pratylenchoides. Pratylenchus thornei was the most widely distributed root-lesion nematode species in onion fields in 11 locations from seven provinces. Pratylenchus neglectus was present in three locations and P. vulnus was in four locations. Aphelenchus spp. and Aphelenchoides spp. were the principal fungal-feeding nematodes in onion-growing areas. The most abundant bacterial-feeding nematode genera were Acrobeloides, Cephalobus, Eucephalobus and Rhabditis. Acrobeles and Wilsonema genera were low in occurrence and abundance. Nematodes from Dorylaimida and predator nematodes, Mononchus spp., were also found. The numbers of Ditylenchus from plant samples were significantly correlated positively to silt content, and significantly correlated negatively to organic matter and calcium content.
Treaty Evolution, Adaptation and Change: Is the LOSC ‘Enough’ to Address Climate Change Impacts on the Marine Environment?
Authors: Redgwell Catherine
Published: July 2019

Climate change poses serious threats to the marine environment but there is no explicit mention of climate change, ocean warming and acidification in LOSC. This comes as little surprise, given its conclusion in the early 1980s when appreciation for the potential severity of climate change was emerging. As a ‘living instrument’, the Convention has the flexibility and legal tools to address emerging climate change impacts. This article assesses its capacity to do so, as well as the extent to which the oceans have featured in the climate regime. LOSC is not ‘enough’ – but then, it has never been a ‘one stop shop’ for marine environmental protection, whether from conventional sources of marine pollution or from relatively newly appreciated threats such as the impacts of climate change. Indeed, a multifaceted approach is typical of legal responses to the ‘super wicked’ problem of climate change, and the oceans are no exception.
Assessing Maritime Piracy in American Law: A Century-old Punishment for an Evolving Crime
Authors: Kao M. Bob
Published: July 2019

The rise of Somali piracy in the beginning of the 21st century led to a swift response by the international community. Suspects were arrested by naval forces in the high seas exercising universal jurisdiction. As there is no international tribunal for maritime piracy, the suspects were prosecuted in national courts using domestic laws. The United States prosecuted a handful of cases using its piracy statute passed in 1909, which incorporates international law but prescribes mandatory life imprisonment for those convicted. Although the definition of the crime of piracy in the United States evolves along with developments in international law, the punishment is an outlier that deviates from global norms. This article argues that the punishment for piracy in the United States must also evolve with international practice because a changing definition of a crime coupled with a fixed punishment may lead to rule of law violations and other undesirable results.
A Decade of Development: The Civil and Commercial Court of the Qatar Financial Centre
Authors: Dahdal Andrew , Botchway Francis
Published: July 2019

The Qatar International Court is a new breed of judicial tribunal inspired by the English Commercial Court based in London. It provides a dispute resolution forum specifically tailored to civil, commercial and administrative disputes arising within the framework of Qatar Financial Centre. Over the past decade, the Court has grown in prominence both locally and globally. It is one of a number of similar judicial bodies that have recently been established in jurisdictions from Singapore to Kazakhstan. This article examines the experience of the Qatar International Court and is offered as a contribution to the broader literature and comparative research being conducted on the growth of these new international commercial tribunals.
Ancient and Medieval Animals and Self-recognition: Observations from Early European Sources
Authors: Kostuch Lucyna , Wojciechowska Beata , Konarska-Zimnicka Sylwia
Published: July 2019

This article presents the oldest European accounts that describe the reactions of animals to their own reflections on the surface of a body of water or in a mirror. The analysed sources will encompass Greco-Roman accounts, including the reception of these accounts in the Middle Ages. While this article belongs to the field of the history of science, it seeks to provide a historical commentary with insights from contemporary studies (the mirror test, MSR). The article presents surviving ancient and medieval accounts about particular animal species that describe their ability or inability to recognise a mirror reflection. The species discussed are the horse, mule, dog, birds (sparrow, partridge, rooster, quail, jackdaw, starling and pheasant), the monkey and tiger. Brief mention is also made of the sheep, pigeon, goose, parrot, raven and cat.
The genus Hydroptila Dalman 1819 in Italy: Ecology and morphology
Authors: CIANFICCONI FERNANDA , CORALLINI CARLA , TUCCIARELLI FRANCESCO , BICCHIERAI MARIA CLARA
Published: July 2019

The 27 Hydroptila species listed as of 2012 in Italy were found in 434 biotopes located in lotic and lentic waters of the Italian mainland regions and islands (Sicilia, Sardegna, Capraia, Elba). The richest regions are Umbria (15 species), Toscana and Piemonte. The most widespread species are H. vectis, found in18 regions and H. angulata found in 16 regions. Hydroptila fiorii, H. serrata and H. cortensis were found only in Sardegna, the latter only in one site. Hydroptila tacheti was found only in Friuli-Venezia Giulia. No Hydroptila species were found in Valle d’Aosta. Four species are endemic to the Italian fauna (H. cortensis, H. fiorii, H. ruffoi, H. stellifera). The main ecological parameters of Hydroptila spp. collection sites are discussed. The organization of scent organs in male H. aegyptia was examined by means of light and electron microscopy. Finally, an updated catalogue of the Italian species is reported.
The genus Wormaldia (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae) of the Ryûkyû Archipelago, southwestern Japan

Authors: KUHARA NAOTOSHI
Published: July 2019

Wormaldia collections from the Ryûkyû Archipelago were examined and 10 species including 6 new species were recognized: W. carinata (Schmid), W. okinawaensis sp. nov., W. apophysis sp. nov., W. tectum sp. nov., W. itoae sp. nov., W. amamiensis sp. nov., W. ishigakiensis sp. nov., W. niiensis Kobayashi, W. yakuensis Kobayashi and W. sp. Males of all six new species, as well as a male of W. carinata and females of W. carinata, W. apophysis, W. okinawaensis and W. ishigakiensis are described or redescribed and illustrated. Species compositions of Wormaldia were totally different among three regions, northern, central and southern Ryûkyûs.
New species of caddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Rovno Amber
Authors: MELNITSKY STANISLAV I. , IVANOV VLADIMIR D.
Published: July 2019

A new genus and seven new species of the caddisfly families Polycentropodidae, Ecnomidae, Hydroptilidae, Phryganeidae and Leptoceridae (Archaeotinodes malickyi sp. nov., Archaeoneureclipsis martynovi sp. nov., Polycentropus grigorenkoi sp. nov., Oxyethira lurida sp. nov., Orthotrichia umbra sp. nov., Eotrichostegia retrograda gen. & sp. nov., Erotesis bessylenon sp. nov.) from the Rovno Amber (Upper Eocene, Ukraine) are described. A list of fossil Trichoptera known from the Rovno Amber is given.
The caddisfly fauna of a small spring brook in the Jimoto-yusui, Niigata, central Japan

Authors: NOZAKI TAKAO , TOGASHI SHIGEHARU , SATO TADASHI
Published: July 2019

Adult caddisflies were collected from a small spring brook in the Jimoto-yusui by a Malaise trap from 28 March 2011 to 1 April 2012. A total of 684 specimens belonging to 14 species, 12 genera and 11 families were identified, including one new species for science. The most common species was Lepidostoma kanbaranum (Kobayashi 1968) (48%), followed by Oecetis nigropunctata Ulmer 1908 (16%) and Phylocentropus shigae Tsuda 1942 (13%). We here describe a new species, Plectrocnemia chirotheca, and redescribe Phylocentropus shigae.
DNA identification and morphological description of the larva of Eoneureclipsis montanus (Trichoptera, Psychomyiidae)

Authors: TORII TAKAAKI , NAKAMURA MASATOSHI
Published: July 2019

Six genera of Psychomyiidae (Trichoptera) are known from Japan: Psychomyia, Tinodes, Lype, Metalype, Eoneureclipsis and Paduniella. A psychomyiid larva presumed to be Eoneureclipsis montanus was collected in Japan. We compared the COI sequence data of this putative E. montanus larva with those of identified adults to associate adult and larval life stages. Molecular evidence is presented to support the relationship between adults and larvae of E. montanus in Japan. Illustrations of E. montanus larval characters and a key and character matrix to genera of mature larvae of Japanese psychomyiids are provided.
Transport due to Transient Progressive Waves
Authors: Restrepo Juan M. , Ramirez Jorge M.
Published: July 2019

Making use of a Lagrangian description, we interpret the kinematics and analyze the mean transport due to numerically generated transient progressive waves, including breaking waves. The waves are packets and are generated with a boundary-forced, air–water, two-phase Navier–Stokes solver. These transient waves produce transient transport, which can sometimes be larger than what would be estimated using estimates developed for translationally invariant progressive waves. We identify the critical assumption that makes our standard notion of the steady Stokes drift inapplicable to the data and explain how and in what sense the transport due to transient waves can be larger than the steady counterpart. A comprehensive analysis of the data in the Lagrangian framework leads us to conclude that much of the transport can be understood using an irrotational approximation of the velocity, even though the simulations use Navier–Stokes fluid simulations with moderately high Reynolds numbers. Armed with this understanding, it is possible to formulate a simple Lagrangian model that captures the mean transport and variance of transport for a large range of wave amplitudes. For large-amplitude waves, the parcel paths in the neighborhood of the free surface exhibit increased dispersion and lingering transport due to the generation of vorticity. We examined the wave-breaking case. For this case, it is possible to characterize the transport very well, away from the wave boundary layer, and approximately using a simple model that captures the unresolved breaking dynamics via a stochastic parameterization.
Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis of High-Impact Extratropical Cyclones
Authors: Doyle James D. , Reynolds Carolyn A. , Amerault Clark
Published: July 2019

The initial state sensitivity of high-impact extratropical cyclones over the North Atlantic and United Kingdom is investigated using an adjoint modeling system that includes moist processes. The adjoint analysis indicates that the 48-h forecast of precipitation and high winds associated with the extratropical cyclone “Desmond” was highly sensitive to mesoscale regions of moisture at the initial time. Mesoscale moisture and potential vorticity structures along the poleward edge of an atmospheric river at the initialization time had a large impact on the development of Desmond as demonstrated with precipitation, kinetic energy, and potential vorticity response functions. Adjoint-based optimal perturbations introduced into the initial state exhibit rapidly growing amplitudes through moist energetic processes over the 48-h forecast. The sensitivity manifests as an upshear-tilted structure positioned along the cold and warm fronts. Perturbations introduced into the nonlinear and tangent linear models quickly expand vertically and interact with potential vorticity anomalies in the mid- and upper levels. Analysis of adjoint sensitivity results for the winter 2013/14 show that the moisture sensitivity magnitude at the initial time is well correlated with the kinetic energy error at the 36-h forecast time, which supports the physical significance and importance of the mesoscale regions of high moisture sensitivities.
Creativity and Perversion: Waiting for the Muse
Authors: Taylor Graeme J.
Published: July 2019

Although there is an extensive psychoanalytic literature on perversion, and numerous articles about creativity, few authors have explored relations between creativity and perversion. In particular, the role of childhood trauma and its impact on object relations has not been examined in patients with perversions whose creativity is blocked. In association with preoedipal anxieties and fantasies, childhood trauma can not only contribute to the development of perversion, but can also inhibit or distort the creative process by establishing an inner world characterized by the presence of a threatening internal bad object and the elusiveness of an internal good object. Though it is essential to help these patients establish an identification with the phallic father, an internal good maternal object, in the form of a muse, needs to be retrieved to bring inspiration and reduce the anxieties generated by an internal bad object, thereby facilitating the pursuit of authentic creative work. A detailed case report illustrates how this theoretical perspective guided the treatment approach to a male patient with macrophilia who was struggling to realize his creative potential.
The Origins of Persistent Current Account Imbalances in the Post-Bretton Woods Era
Authors: Manger Mark S. , Sattler Thomas
Published: July 2019

Why do some countries run persistent current account surpluses? Why do others run deficits, often over decades, leading to enduring global imbalances? Such persistent imbalances are the root cause of many financial crises and a major source of international economic conflict. We propose that differences in wage-bargaining institutions explain a large share of imbalances through their effect on the trade balance. In countries with coordinated wage bargaining, wage growth in export industries can be restrained to ensure competitiveness, leading to persistent trade surpluses. We estimate the contribution of these institutions to trade balances in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries since 1977 and find ample support for our hypothesis. Contrary to much of the literature, the choice of fixed or floating exchange rate regimes has only a small effect on trade or current account balances. In other words, internal adjustment in surplus countries via wage-bargaining institutions trumps external adjustment by deficit countries.
Academic, Attendance, and Behavioral Outcomes of a Suspension Reduction Policy: Lessons for School Leaders and Policy Makers
Authors: Anderson Kaitlin P.
Published: July 2019

Background: Exclusionary discipline (e.g. suspension and expulsion) is associated with lower student achievement, drop-out, and involvement in the juvenile justice system. Recently, states and school districts have begun to restrict exclusionary discipline, but there remains much to be learned about the potential impact on students. Research Design: I use a comparative interrupted time series to estimate whether a state policy prohibiting out-of-school suspension as a consequence for truancy affected student achievement, attendance, truancy, or disciplinary referrals. Findings: After testing a variety of specifications checks, I find evidence of slight increases in attendance, particularly for disadvantaged students, with suggestive evidence of improvements in test scores and reductions in disciplinary referrals for some students. Conclusions: These improvements were quite modest relative to what we might expect from an intuitively appealing policy and were likely influenced by incomplete compliance, particularly in areas serving more students from traditionally disadvantaged backgrounds. Implications for policy design and school leadership are discussed.
Strategic corporate governance factors for municipally owned companies: an empirical analysis from a municipal perspective
Authors: Daiser Peter , Wirtz Bernd W.
Published: July 2019

Empirical research on municipally owned companies is still an under-researched field. In particular, there is a lack of sound empirical success factor-related studies that take into account the municipal mission of creating public value, as well as future-oriented strategic measures by which municipally owned companies can be directed from a municipal perspective. Therefore, this study examines strategic success factors that have an impact on the perceived success of municipally owned companies by investigating the responses from 271 qualified key informants using structural equation modelling. The analysis of the responses indicates that three factors (shared vision, strategic coordination and goal clarity) show a positive significant impact on the perceived success of municipally owned companies. In summary, the study provides insights to academics and public officials, and contributes to address the prevailing gap of empirical knowledge in the field.

Points for practitioners

The findings suggest that creating a shared vision and building a common understanding with their municipally owned companies concerning their goals, roles and duties is an important task for municipalities. Furthermore, the results indicate that municipalities that take an active part in their ownership role are more likely to experience enhanced municipally owned company success than others that instead rely on contractual agreements. Thus, creating a joint understanding of the intended strategy and operations seems more promising than creating excessive bureaucratic burdens.
Teacher Candidate Apprenticeships: Assessing the Who and Where of Student Teaching
Authors: Krieg John M. , Goldhaber Dan , Theobald Roddy
Published: July 2019

We use comprehensive data on student teaching placements from 14 teacher education programs (TEPs) in Washington State to explore the sorting of teacher candidates to the teachers who supervise their student teaching (“cooperating teachers”) and the schools in which student teaching occurs. We find that, all else equal, teachers with more experience, higher degree levels, and higher value added in math are more likely to serve as cooperating teachers, as are schools with lower levels of historical teacher turnover but with more open positions the following year. We also find that teacher candidates are more likely to be placed with cooperating teachers of the same gender and race/ethnicity, and are more likely to work with cooperating teachers and in schools with administrators who graduated from the candidate’s TEP.
It feels real: physiological responses to a stressful virtual reality environment and its impact on working memory
Authors: Martens Marieke AG , Antley Angus , Freeman Daniel , Slater Mel , Harrison Paul J , Tunbridge Elizabeth M
Published: July 2019

Background:

Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly used to study and treat psychiatric disorders. Its fidelity depends in part on the extent to which the VR environment provides a convincing simulation, for example whether a putatively stressful VR situation actually produces a stress response.

Methods:

We studied the stress response in 28 healthy men exposed either to a stressor VR elevator (which simulated travelling up the outside of a tall building and culminated in the participant being asked to step off the elevator platform), or to a control elevator. We measured psychological and physiological (salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase, blood pressure, pulse, skin conductance) stress indices. We also measured subsequent performance on the N-back task because acute stress has been reported to impact on working memory.

Results:

Compared to participants in the control elevator, those in the external elevator had increases in skin conductance, pulse and subjective stress and anxiety ratings, altered heart rate variability, and a delayed rise in cortisol. N-back performance was unaffected.

Conclusions:

A putatively stressful VR elevator produces a physiological as well as a psychological stress response, supporting its use in the investigation and treatment of stress-related disorders, and its potential value as an experimental laboratory stressor.
SegMap: Segment-based mapping and localization using data-driven descriptors
Authors: Dubé Renaud , Cramariuc Andrei , Dugas Daniel , Sommer Hannes , Dymczyk Marcin , Nieto Juan , Siegwart Roland , Cadena Cesar
Published: July 2019

Precisely estimating a robot’s pose in a prior, global map is a fundamental capability for mobile robotics, e.g., autonomous driving or exploration in disaster zones. This task, however, remains challenging in unstructured, dynamic environments, where local features are not discriminative enough and global scene descriptors only provide coarse information. We therefore present SegMap: a map representation solution for localization and mapping based on the extraction of segments in 3D point clouds. Working at the level of segments offers increased invariance to view-point and local structural changes, and facilitates real-time processing of large-scale 3D data. SegMap exploits a single compact data-driven descriptor for performing multiple tasks: global localization, 3D dense map reconstruction, and semantic information extraction. The performance of SegMap is evaluated in multiple urban driving and search and rescue experiments. We show that the learned SegMap descriptor has superior segment retrieval capabilities, compared with state-of-the-art handcrafted descriptors. As a consequence, we achieve a higher localization accuracy and a 6% increase in recall over state-of-the-art handcrafted descriptors. These segment-based localizations allow us to reduce the open-loop odometry drift by up to 50%. SegMap is open-source available along with easy to run demonstrations.
Application of artificial neural network and genetic algorithm to predict and optimize load and torque in T-section profile ring rolling
Authors: Parvizi Ali , Rohani Raftar Hamid Reza
Published: July 2019

Artificial neural network is implemented to predict the required load and torque in T-section profile ring rolling process for the first time in this study. Moreover, an optimal condition of T-section profile ring rolling process for specific limit of input factor is acquired using genetic algorithm technique. Various three-dimensional finite element simulations are carried out for different collections of process variables to obtain initial data for training and validation of the neural network. Besides, the finite element model is verified via comparison with the experimental results of the other investigators. The back-propagation algorithm is utilized to develop Levenberg–Marquardt feed-forward network and the optimum architecture is achieved by estimating the performance considering different number of hidden layers and neurons. It is concluded that results of artificial neural network predictions have an appropriate conformity with those ones from simulation and experiments. Moreover, a reasonable accuracy is obtained from the implemented model by which the prediction of ring rolling load and torque in different conditions can be achieved.
The speed, reflection and intensity of waves propagating in flexible tubes with aneurysm and stenosis: Experimental investigation
Authors: Hacham Wisam S , Khir Ashraf W
Published: July 2019

A localized stenosis or aneurysm is a discontinuity that presents the pulse wave produced by the contracting heart with a reflection site. However, neither wave speed ( c) in these discontinuities nor the size of reflection in relation to the size of the discontinuity has been adequately studied before. Therefore, the aim of this work is to study the propagation of waves traversing flexible tubes in the presence of aneurysm and stenosis in vitro. We manufactured different sized four stenosis and four aneurysm silicone sections, connected one at a time to a flexible ‘mother’ tube, at the inlet of which a single semi-sinusoidal wave was generated. Pressure and velocity were measured simultaneously 25 cm downstream the inlet of the respective mother tube. The wave speed was measured using the PU-loop method in the mother tube and within each discontinuity using the foot-to-foot technique. The stenosis and aneurysm dimensions and c were used to determine the reflection coefficient ( R) at each discontinuity. Wave intensity analysis was used to determine the size of the reflected wave. The reflection coefficient increased with the increase and decrease in the size of the aneurysm and stenosis, respectively. c increased and decreased within stenosis and aneurysms, respectively, compared to that of the mother tube. Stenosis and aneurysm induced backward compression and expansion waves, respectively; the size of which was related to the size of the reflection coefficient at each discontinuity, increases with smaller stenosis and larger aneurysms. Wave speed is inversely proportional to the size of the discontinuity, exponentially increases with smaller stenosis and aneurysms and always higher in the stenosis. The size of the compression and expansion reflected wave depends on the size of R, increases with larger aneurysms and smaller stenosis.
Numerical study on wet compression in a supercritical air centrifugal compressor
Authors: Sun Jianting , Hou Hucan , Zuo Zhitao , Tang Hongtao , Chen Haisheng
Published: July 2019

Wet compression is widely used to reduce compression work and improve efficiency in gas turbines. However, wet compression has not been industrially applied in the compressed air energy storage system (only few studies on isothermal compressed air energy storage system exist), which has an urgent demand to reduce the compression work. The high-pressure section of the compressed air energy storage system usually contains supercritical air, and the influence of supercritical wet compression is not yet clear. Thus, in this study, supercritical wet compression was numerically investigated in a centrifugal compressor used for the compressed air energy storage system, and its effects on performance and internal flow were also studied. The results show that the ideal maximum evaporation of water droplets in supercritical air is very low, which limits the maximum available water injection ratio; however, wet compression still has some benefits, such as increasing the total pressure ratio and isentropic efficiency and reducing the compression specific work. Moreover, wet compression reduces the diffuser loss but raises the wake loss in the impeller at the near-stall point. For this compressor, the optimum water injection ratio is 0.3%, which reduces the specific work by 0.65% at the designed pressure ratio.
Bayesian analysis of longitudinal quality of life measures with informative missing data using a selection model
Authors: Ahn Jaeil , Ahn Hye Seong
Published: July 2019

Health-related quality of life consists of multi-dimensional measurements of physical and mental health domains. Health-related quality of life is often followed up to evaluate efficacy of treatments in clinical studies. During the follow-up period, a missing data problem inevitably arises. When missing data occur for reasons related to poor health-related quality of life, a complete-case only analysis can lead to invalid inferences. We propose a Bayesian approach to analyze longitudinal moderate to high-dimensional multivariate outcome data in the presence of non-ignorable missing data. To account for non-ignorable missing data, we employ a selection model for the joint likelihood factorization where we apply Bayesian spike and slab variable selection in the missing data mechanism to detect informative factors among multiple outcomes. We model the relationship between multiple outcomes and covariates using linear mixed effects models where multiple outcome correlations are captured by a hierarchical structure. We conduct simulation studies to evaluate the performance of the proposed method compared with the conventional last observation carried forward approach. We use a motivating example that originates from a longitudinal study of quality of life in gastric cancer patients who underwent distal gastrectomy. In this application, we demonstrate that our proposed method can offer efficiency gain in the marginal associations and provide the associations between outcomes and the absence of patients' information.
The Role of User Involvement, User Involvement Types, Product Category Involvement and Advertising Appeals in Social Media Advertising Effectiveness: A Middle East Context (Iran)
Authors: Pashna Mohsen , Esfidani Mohammad Rahim , Jafari Seyed Mohammad bagher
Published: July 2019

Until now, no study has proposed strategies for social media advertising, scrutinizing the differential interaction of user involvement, different kinds of user involvement, product category involvement, and advertising appeals considering the unique characteristics of social media users in the Middle East. The present study addresses this issue by introducing two detailed advertising effectiveness grids in 20 situations for social media advertising in the Middle East context (Iran) and revised the previous grids and findings proposed for Western and Eastern countries in the area of traditional media advertising effectiveness. In all, 552 students of the University of Tehran, who are social media users were randomly selected, and questionnaires were distributed via an online platform. In order to explore the hypotheses, a mixed 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design was employed, followed by assessment of the validity and reliability of the measures. Surprisingly, some findings were contrary to traditional findings and grids both in the West and in the East and suggest different and new strategies; however, some were in line with traditional studies.
Subspecialty training pathways in intellectual and developmental disability psychiatry in Australia and New Zealand: current status and future opportunities
Authors: Eagleson Claire , Cvejic Rachael C , Weise Janelle , Davies Kimberley , Trollor Julian N
Published: July 2019

Objectives:

This study aimed to examine the training experiences of and determine capacity to train future Australian and New Zealand psychiatrists working in intellectual and developmental disability mental health.

Methods:

Australian and New Zealand psychiatrists with expertise or interest in intellectual and developmental disability mental health completed an online survey detailing their training pathway, support for subspecialty training and capacity to provide rotations in this area.

Results:

Psychiatrists ( n=71) indicated the most common reasons they started practicing in intellectual and developmental disability mental health, and these included seeing people with intellectual or developmental disability in a service in which they worked, or personal experience with intellectual or developmental disability. Compared to those trained overseas, psychiatrists trained in Australia or New Zealand had lower ratings of the sufficiency of education received in intellectual and developmental disability mental health. Of the total respondents, 80% supported the development of subspecialty training. Augmentation of intellectual and developmental disability mental health content in the intermediate stage of training was also strongly supported. Participants identified 80 potential six-month training rotations in this area.

Conclusions:

Psychiatrists working in intellectual and developmental disability mental health strongly support enhancements to intellectual or developmental disability training, including the development of subspecialty training, and can identify potential training capacity if such subspecialty training was developed.