bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMARY CONCEPTS AS THE CORE OF SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY IN THE LVOV-WARSAW SCHOOL AND POZNAN SCHOOL OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE. THE CONCEPT OF AN EVENT
Authors:   Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Wrzosek W.
Published: December 2020

The pragmatic methodology of empirical sciences proposed by the representatives of the Lvov-Warsaw School of philosophy, Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz and, to an extent, Tadeusz Kotarbinski, postulates the analysis of scientific practices. It prioritizes meta-scientific logical and semiotic analysis over formal and natural sciences, yet its study of concepts remains relevant for empirical sciences. The propositions are justified not just by empirical data or observation statements. An analysis of the concepts of empirical sciences, including social sciences and humanities, defines philosophy of science – applied methodology, in Ajdukiewicz’s views. The language of logic and semiotics (the latter is understood as the logical analysis of language) qualifies scientific epistemological presuppositions. An example of such an attitude is Ajdukiewicz’s own analysis, and another example in the Poznan school of philosophy of science is the work of Jerzy Kmita (a classic example is his 1995 book “Jak słowa łączą się ze światem”). This is relevant as far as the conceptual context of a denominational “event” predefines our understanding of the reality it points to. A conceptual scheme not only defines one’s conceptual view of the world, but also delimits what can be considered as empirical evidence. As a result, it defines the scholarly accepted mode of justification of propositions. In the practice of historical research, the justificat Eion refers to the so called historical sources, that is information used as source data. The article discusses the conclusions of Tomasz Falkowski’s book “Myśl i zdarzenie. Pojęcie zdarzenia historycznego w historiografii francuskiej XX wieku”
SOVIET CITIZENS’ IDEAS ABOUT THE CONSTITUTION IN THE 1960S AS A REFLECTION OF THE CORE SOVIET VALUES
Authors:   Ryazan State University, Popova O. D. , Popova A. D. ,   Ryazan State University
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes letters addressed to the Supreme Council of the Soviet Union. In their letters written in the 1960s, Soviet citizens shared their ideas about the new edition of the Constitution. The authors of the article analyze Soviet citizens’ core values and their ideas about the political regime, civil rights and civil liberties. This analysis is essential for the assessment of the role of civil values (such as democracy, guarantees of civil rights and civil liberties) in the Soviet public mind. The article maintains that Soviet citizens of the said period shared a set of mental attitudes to civil and economic issues. The authors conclude that these mental attitudes reflected people’s ideas about democracy and freedoms and were based on a combination of both democratic and totalitarian principles. Soviet citizens actively supported democracy as a key element of civil society and promoted an improvement in the electoral system. However, they were against a multi-party system, they maintained that party organs should be endowed with greater authorities, and the Constitution should grant power to the Communist party. Soviet people highly valued civil liberties and civil rights. However, they believed that it was natural to oppress those who committed crimes or those who didn’t share the generally accepted ideals. The authors conclude that Soviet mental attitudes were only partially based on civil values, which naturally tells on the process of civil society formation in the modern world.
RECRUITING GERMAN MIGRANTS FROM THE USSR TO THE GERMAN ARMED FORCES AT THE END OF WORLD WAR II
Authors:   М.S. Hrushevsky Institute of Ukrainian Archeography and Source Studies, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Martynenko V. L.
Published: December 2020

German immigrants who were evacuated by the German authorities in 1943–1944 from the USSR to the territory of Warthegau, Silesia, General Government and Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, became part of the human resources actively used not only in the economy, but also in defensive measures of the Reich. Contrary to the fact that the mobilization of that potential contingent was relatively low, tens of thousands of men were in the ranks of the armed forces of Germany. A significant number of Soviet Germans were replenishment for the SS troops. The initial process of attracting German settlers to military service was not easy and required adherence to a number of formalities related to their naturalization. One of the key factors that also had an effect on solving the issue of ethnic Germans in the internal service was the long-standing contradiction between the Wehrmacht and the SS. The article notes that, in the last months of the war, immigrants from the USSR found themselves in practically no alternative situation, since the military and political leadership of Germany decided to mobilize all men appropriate for military service, regardless of the naturalization. By the end of hostilities in Europe, many Soviet Germans serving in the German army had been captured by the Western allies or the Red Army.
Ambiente escolar y su importancia en la calidad educativa: una perspectiva neuropedagógica
Authors: Giraldo-Aristizabal Sweney , Serrano-Ramírez Marleyn
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Identificar las percepciones que tienen los estudiantes de sus docentes con relación al manejo de las habilidades emocionales y comunicativas y el ambiente escolar en una institución educativa privada. Método: Se desarrolló un enfoque de métodos mixtos con un diseño explicativo secuencial a través de la combinación de técnicas cuantitativas (Cuestionario, test y lista de chequeo) y cualitativas (grupos focales) aplicados a 18 docentes y 131 estudiantes de básica secundaria y media vocacional de la institución educativa privada. Resultados: A través de esta investigación se identificó que la percepción de los estudiantes difiere con la de los docentes en cuanto al manejo de las habilidades emocionales y comunicativas; los docentes no son conscientes de esta falencia. Discusión y conclusiones: El hallazgo afecta el ambiente escolar, por esto, se requiere una reflexión neuropedagógica de tal forma que el maestro sea consciente de la necesidad de comprender la trascendencia de la neuropedagogía en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, la importancia de la motivación y emoción en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes y optimizar la relación docente-estudiante.
Protection of the Rights and Freedoms of Minors in the Digital Space
Authors: Mironova Svetlana , Simonova Svetlana
Published: December 2020

The problem of ensuring information security is currently urgent for the Russian Federation as well as for the whole world. The number of cyber-threats is increasing at a great speed, and they concern not only private citizens, but also organizations, the community and the state. Special attention should be paid to the information security of children and teenagers. Minors are most susceptible to negative influences on the Internet, they risk becoming victims of cyberbullying, fraud and illegal access to personal data. Common threats to the information security of minors include a constant increase in the number of sites with aggressive or illegal content, including those inciting to suicide or abuse of drugs and psychoactive substances, as well as cyber-stalking or virtual sexual harassment. The information security of minors in the digital space is a complex issue, whose successful solution requires a consolidation of legal and information resources. The article analyzes Russian and foreign experience of ensuring the information security of minors. The authors summarize research approaches to solving the problem of protecting minors on the Internet. They present a classification of the most urgent cyber-threats: software-technical (intentional dissemination of viruses and Trojan software), economic (theft and sale of credit card details, phishing-attacks, hacking of payment accounts), and content (public dissemination of any materials, including illegal ones, on the Internet). The authors also examine legal, social and technical measures of ensuring the information security of minors and suggest changes to the current legislation which regulates the information security of minors. The authors also study specific methods of solving this task and outline a number of measures aimed at protecting the rights and freedoms of minors in the digital space (thematic prevention classes for minors, development of special information protection software).
A Complex of Anti-Corruption Measures in State and Municipal Institutions
Authors: Soloviev Aleksandr , Khurshudyan Aleksandr
Published: December 2020

The authors examine the problem of counteracting corruption in the social sphere, specifically in the work of state and municipal institutions involved in education, research, healthcare, culture, sports. They study different approaches to fighting corruption and conclude that at present we have practically reached the limits of influencing the dynamics of corruption crimes through changes in the criminal law norms. Improvements in the effectiveness of counteracting crimes of corruption and corrupt actions are almost totally connected with regulatory measures manifested in the identification and elimination of the causes of corruption, as well as the prevention of corruption actions. The paper presents a classification of the spheres of anti-corruption work in state and municipal institutions, analyzes the concept of «corruption risk» in view of the approaches described in research publications, singles out key groups of corruption risks in state and municipal institutions, determines typical (general) and specific corruption risks. The authors present a model of anti-corruption actions in state and municipal institutions that includes the implementation of a complex of anti-corruption measures that should compose a logically built system where elements determine each other. The functioning of the model in educational institutions is demonstrated on the example of anti-corruption measures carried out by Saint Petersburg State University; their integral part is the implementation of the transparency policy and the online publication of materials regarding educational and research work, tenders for products, work and services on the University website.
Rehabilitation of Convicts in the Mechanism of Ensuring Their Right to a Decent Life After Serving a Sentence
Authors: Fomin Aleksey
Published: December 2020

International law standards of building a social state and guaranteeing each person a decent life make it necessary to develop, at the level of Russian legislation, an institute of social support for low-income ex-convicts as part of the program of their social rehabilitation after release from a penal institution. The author analyzes the essence of social rehabilitation as a legal institution, the evolution of legal regulation of social rehabilitation methods in the Russian penitentiary practice. The institute of social rehabilitation of convicts released after serving their sentences is inter-agency in its essence; it is aimed at the identification and solution of the whole complex of social and economic problems of those inmates who potentially fall into the category of the poor (or who could become low-income citizens after release). It is also aimed at providing not only psychological, but also material social support to ensure their right to a decent life, reduce their risk of falling into the category of low-income (poor) people and help their overall social adaptation after release. The effectiveness of social rehabilitation measures determines if a convict chooses the law-abiding or the criminal model of behavior after release, determines their legal consciousness and, in the end, influences the level of repeat crimes. The author singles out and analyzes the contents of social rehabilitation of ex-convicts after release from places of confinement. In the context of ensuring the right of a convict to a decent life after serving a sentence, the author pays special attention to such a component of social rehabilitation as assistance in finding employment and housing in compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and the normative acts of the penitentiary system. The meaning of the term «social» in the collocation «social rehabilitation of convicts» is analyzed in its modern and historical aspect. The author shows the necessity of establishing an efficient state-controlled public system of social rehabilitation for persons who are released from places of incarceration in Russia. He also identifies key directions for improving the effectiveness of the penitentiary system by taking into account the humanistic values of the socio-cultural environment and the principles of international law norms when providing social support to low-income citizens who are in conflict with criminal law, as well as by overcoming their poverty and a negative attitude to them. The author presents arguments to prove the practical value of introducing new forms and methods of correctional influence on convicts that are alternative to criminal procedure coercion, of widening the scope of additional social, psychological and educational work with convicts in penitentiary legislation with the purpose of providing social rehabilitation for convicts and ensuring their right to a decent life after serving the sentence.
The Methodology of Assessing the Criminogenity of Administrative Territorial Units
Authors: Karipova Ainagul , Baltabaev Kuanysh , Omarov Yerbol , Makhanov Talgat
Published: December 2020

The authors study the issues of applying mathematical methods to the assessment of the criminogenic levels in administrative-territorial units of the Republic of Kazakhstan. They have analyzed a considerable volume of statistical information for the past 20 years and, as a result, have identified the highest and the lowest number of registered crimes. Several indices were used to develop an index of criminogenity (ranging) of regions: crime level, graveness of crimes, size of population in a certain area. They recommend to define the public danger of crimes as a numerical value expressed in abstract units - points - based on the average sanctions, an average punishment imposed by a court and an average rating assigned by experts (researchers, practical specialists). The authors have studied modern Kazakh and foreign publications on the use of mathematical methods in criminology. The results of assessment according to three methods of ranging - legislative (legal), court, and expert - are presented in the tables. There is a correlation between legislative (legal) and court assessments. Calculations were used to determine the criminal status of some territorial units, which makes it possible to compare the number of crimes and the degree of their public danger for the population in the over-16 age group. In order to analyze the administrative-territorial units of the same type, the cities have been grouped according to the size of population. The presented methodology is reflected in the spectral scale on the «Map of Criminal Infringements» of the Committee for Legal Statistics and Special Records of the Prosecutor Generals Office for the Republic of Kazakhstan; it takes into account the distribution of cities into four groups which, in the end, will make it possible to obtain a maximally objective assessment of the criminal situation and to take preventive measures.
Talla de primera madurez del pejerrey argentino (Odontesthes bonariensis) en la laguna de Pacucha, Apurímac – Perú
Authors: FLORES-GÓMEZ STIVE
Published: December 2020

El pejerrey argentino Odontesthes bonariensis es una especie de importancia para la seguridad alimentaria y economía local en varias regiones de la sierra del Perú. Es una especie que está sujeta a explotación pesquera en la laguna Pacucha, ubicada en la región Apurímac. Dado al valor que tiene como recurso, el objetivo de la investigación fue estudiar la biología reproductiva del pejerrey argentino Odontesthes bonariensis en la laguna de Pacucha. Los análisis se efectuaron a partir observaciones mensuales (quince meses) sobre ejemplares de pejerrey obtenidos por capturas exploratorias y de la pesca comercial. Los ejemplares capturados fueron sometidos a muestreo biométrico y biológico a fin de obtener datos para determinación de las características reproductivas, entre ellas la talla de primera madurez. Teniendo en cuenta que las hembras presentan considerable actividad reproductiva entre los meses de agosto y octubre, se consideró la información de dicho periodo para estimar la talla de primera madurez. Según los resultados obtenidos, los machos alcanzan la primera madurez a los 18,8 cm LT y las hembras a los 20,8 cm LT, valores menores a la talla mínima de captura establecida para el recurso en la región Apurímac.
Os inimigos invisíveis: a doença como metáfora
Authors: Barbosa Caline de Almeida , Perussi Bertão Lara Silva , Passinho Lucas Santana
Published: December 2020

O ensaio estrutura-se com base no livro A doença como metáfora, de Susan Sontag, à medida que discorre sobre o processo de metaforização ao qual o ser humano submete as doenças que lhe acometem, sobretudo quando estas lhe fazem sentir impotente diante das arbitrariedades da vida. O ensaio reflete, desde a sua introdução, sobre a importância da literatura, enquanto representação de tudo o que atravessa a realidade humana, trazendo, em seu desenvolvimento, títulos de alguns textos nos quais a metaforização das doenças, atrelada à culpabilização das vítimas, se faz presente. Textos de diferentes períodos da história são evocados - de Édipo Rei de Sófocles (427 a.C.), a Ensaio sobre a cegueira (1995), de José Saramago - com a finalidade de conduzirem-nos à reflexão acerca do atual momento que vivemos: o de Pandemia da Covid-19. Assim como outras doenças que fugiram ao controle do homem ao longo de toda a história, a COVID-19 também tende a ser metaforizada e, com isso, discursos fanático-religiosos, xenófobos e segregadores podem assumir protagonismo, exigindo de todos os que enfrentam o vírus, maturidade e, em especial, dos profissionais da saúde, coragem para ver e reparar não só em todos os sintomas que nos ameaçam enquanto espécie humana, mas, sobretudo, nas pessoas que se veem numa guerra contra um inimigo invisível e necessitam, como nunca, de uma medicina humanizada.
Computed tomography in the diagnosis of intraperitoneal effusions: The role of texture analysis
Authors: Csutak Csaba , Ștefan Paul-Andrei , Lupean Roxana-Adelina , Lenghel Lavinia Manuela , Mihu Carmen Mihaela , Lebovici Andrei
Published: December 2020

The morphological changes advocating for peritoneal carcinomatosis are inconsistent and may be visible only in later stages of the disease. However, malignant ascites represents an early sign, and this fluid exhibits specific histological characteristics. This study aimed to quantify the fluid properties on computed tomography (CT) images of intraperitoneal effusions through texture analysis and evaluate its utility in differentiating benign and malignant collections. Fifty-two patients with histologically proven benign (n=29) and malignant (n=23) intraperitoneal effusions who underwent CT examinations were retrospectively included. Texture analysis of the fluid component was performed on the non-enhanced phase of each examination using dedicated software. Fisher and the probability of classification error and average correlation coefficients were used to select two sets of ten texture features, whose ability to distinguish between the two types of collections were tested using a k-nearest-neighbor classifier. Also, each of the selected feature’s diagnostic power was assessed using univariate and receiver operating characteristics analysis with the calculation of the area under the curve. The k-nearest-neighbor classifier was able to distinguish between the two entities with 71.15% accuracy, 73.91% sensitivity, and 68.97% specificity. The highest-ranked texture parameter was Inverse Difference Moment (p=0.0023; area under the curve=0.748), based on which malignant collections could be diagnosed with 95.65% sensitivity and 44.83% specificity. Although successful, the texture assessment of benign and malignant collections most likely does not reflect the cytological differences between the two groups.
Risk predictive tools of perioperative drug hypersensitivity reaction: a case-control v1
Authors: Ujal Pradhan Dr.
Published: December 2020

Purpose:We aimed to determine the risk factors of perioperativedrug hypersensitivity reaction(DHR) and develop a predictive score for use in clinical practice. Patients andmethods:A case-control study was conducted in patients who underwent anesthesia at a tertiary hospital in Thailand, between 2015-2018. DHR caseswere graded clinically from 1 to 4 according to the World Federation of Societies of Anesthesiologists by two anesthesiologists.Controls were randomly matched with cases (ratio 2:1) by age group and month and type of surgery. Patient and anesthesia-related factors and agents given intraoperatively were recorded. A risk score was derived from the coefficients of the significant predictors of the final multivariate logistic regression model. Risk scores, adjusted odds ratios (OR) for perioperative DHR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined. Results:Overall, 325 cases and 650 controls were recruited.The severity of DHR was grade 1 (72.9%), grade 2 (24%), and grade 3 (3.1%).Our risk predictive tools for perioperative DHR provided a sensitivity of 62% and specificity of 65%. Predictive scores of subgroups of moderate to severe DHR showed high specificity (80%) but low sensitivity (47%). Common predictors of overall DHR and moderate to severe DHR were history of drug allergy to 2 or more drug categories (score 2.5-3.5), being allergic to analgesics (score 2.5-4.0), and intraoperative morphine use (score of 1). The sole predictor of high-risk perioperative DHR (score ≥3.5) was airway management with an endotracheal tube intubation (OR 5.6, 95% CI 2.2-14.4) whereas history of allergic rhinitis (OR 11.7, 95% CI 1.3-105.1) was a predictor of high-risk moderate to severe DHR (score ≥2.5). Conclusion:Our predictive tool for perioperative DHR provided a modest predictive ability. History of drug allergies, rhinitis, morphine use and endotracheal intubation were significant risk factors of DHR after adjusting for age and type of surgery.
Framework untuk Mendesain Sistem Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) untuk Universitas di Indonesia
Authors: Utomo Rio Guntur , Rosmansyah Yusep
Published: December 2020

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) adalah model alternatif pembelajaran jarak jauh. MOOCs memberikan cara baru yang akan mengubah caranya pendidikan disampaikan dan dikonsumsi. Untuk melaksanakan MOOCs di Indonesia, diperlukan pedoman untuk menemukan desain sistem yang sesuai. Makalah ini menawarkan a kerangka kerja untuk merancang sistem MOOCs untuk universitas di Indonesia. Framework tersebut dirancang dengan menggunakan Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) dan menggunakan model ADDIE sebagai dasar pengembangannya. Terakhir, framework yang telah dikembangkan akan menjadi acuan dasar merancang sistem MOOCs untuk universitas di Indonesia.
Expert Ministers in New Democracies: Delegation, Communist Legacies, or Technocratic Populism?
Authors: Semenova Elena
Published: December 2020

This article examines the appointments and survival of expert ministers (i.e., ministers with educational and professional expertise in the portfolio to which they are appointed) in new democracies. Using a novel data set on 11 Central and Eastern European countries from 1990 until 2012, I test competing hypotheses derived from delegation theory, communist legacies approach, technocratic populism studies, and semi-presidentialism literature. The first study shows that experts without political experience (technocrats) have specific cabinet appointment patterns distinguishing them from party politicians and politically experienced experts. For example, technocrats have high chances of being appointed during an economic downturn. The conditional risk set survival analysis has revealed that compared to their politically experienced colleagues, technocrats have higher chances of remaining in their positions if there was a change in the PM’s candidacy. Moreover, they have long careers independently of the continuity of the PM’s party in government and the PM’s partisan status. Strikingly, patterns of portfolio specialization from the communist period remained in place after the regime change (e.g., expert ministers holding the portfolios of finance and economy). However, holding these specific portfolios does not decrease the minister’s risk of being dismissed. These findings have ramifications for issues surrounding cabinet formation, institutional choice, and populism in new democracies.
The Railway’s Unjustified Enrichment as a Result of Abuse of the Right in Obligations To Carry Goods
Authors: Ulyanov A. V.
Published: December 2020

The paper examines issues related to unscrupulous behavior of the railways, which unthoroughly benefit at the expense of other participants of the obligations for the carriage of goods. The paper considered cases where the railways use legally valid facts (transactions) as imaginary grounds for obtaining property (money) from freight and cargo owners and encourage them to provide the undue. It is proposed to qualify such a conduct of the railways as an abuse of the right committed for the purpose of unjustified enrichment. Based on the analysis of complex contractual relations (contracts on carriage organization, contracts in the form of submission and acceptance of an application for the carriage of goods, contracts of carriage of goods, etc.) arising between the participants of legal relations concerning the carriage of goods (shippers, consignees, owners of infrastructure and carriers), the author has identified conditions that are conducive to receiving unjustified enrichment by the railways, namely: combining different legal statuses by the railways (carrier, owner of infrastructure, agent of a third party, etc.), removal from the railways of the burden of performing obligations and risks of liability for the failure to perform obligations, the position of a weaker party assigned to the railways’ contractual counterparties. According to the author, in order to prevent references to legal facts as grounds for enrichment, the economic purpose of the legal relationship must be recognized as an appropriate ground. It is noted that such an economic goal is one for the goals pursued by the whole system of legal relations for the carriage of goods and that its violation deprives the railways of the right to demand execution under the transaction, since making this claim must be considered as an abuse of the right. It is argued that the contractual counterparty of the railways, aware of the absence of grounds for granting property on its part, does not commit a legal error, as soon is it is a weaker party to the contract.
The Early Warning Mechanism as a Tool for Monitoring Compliance with the Principle of Subsidiarity in the European Union Legislative Procedure
Authors: Irkhin I. V.
Published: December 2020

The paper substantiates the definition of the concept of an “early warning mechanism”, proposes narrow and broad approaches to its interpretation, analyzes the inherent legal, political and administrative parameters. The paper demonstrates the correlation between the principles of subsidiarity, proportionality and competence within the framework of the early warning mechanism, their inseparable interrelationship and consequent practical problematics. The author investigates the main forms and methods of regulating the procedure for implementation of the early warning mechanism in EU member states. It is stated that the main differences can be traced in the context of the fixed circle of subjects of the right to conduct verification, as well as the degree of detailed elaboration (specification) of the field of regulated legal relations. Based on an analysis of the content of some reasoned opinions of national parliaments, it is concluded that the lack of a common understanding of the principle of subsidiarity at the European and national levels, as well as the criteria for its compliance, have a direct impact on the early warning mechanism, which is reflected in the reduced effectiveness of its implementation. Attention is paid to the legal nature and specifics of the “yellow card” and “orange card” regimes as a variety of forms of implementation of the early warning mechanism. It is concluded that at the current stage the “card” regimes represent an insufficient and ineffective instrument for the national parliaments to influence the EU legislative process. The author highlights the problems of organizing inter-parliamentary cooperation within the framework of the early warning mechanism. It is emphasized that, in fact, national parliaments act blindly when conducting checks on the conformity of draft legislation with the principle of subsidiarity. The paper concludes that the early warning mechanism in actual modification cannot be fully qualified as a tool for providing additional legitimation of solutions made by supranational authorities. The author makes proposals for improving the institutional configuration of the early warning mechanism.
A Teoria de Justiça global como alternativa à Teoria de Justiça rawlsiana em contextos de dominação múltipla
Authors: Lemos Fabrício José Rodrigues de
Published: December 2020

No contexto multifacetado atual, há atores que se beneficiam do design estrutural mundial ao mesmo passo em que a diversos outros são impostas barreiras que dificultam o acesso às riquezas - as quais, defende-se, em havendo uma arquitetura distribucional global voltada à equidade, poderiam ser melhor alocadas, de maneira a beneficiar um maior número de indivíduos. Nesse passo, o presente artigo, utilizando-se, principalmente, de método de pesquisa bibliográfico, possui o objetivo de demonstrar que a visão rawlsiana, ainda que cabível em sociedades herméticas, é inadequada para um mundo submerso em desigualdades econômicas altamente maculadas pela forma de acumulação histórica, predatória e usurpadora, imposta pelos países mais desenvolvidos economicamente em relação aos pobres globais. Assim, busca demonstrar, por uma análise de conjunto e com referência na teoria de justiça global consoante avançada por Thomas Pogge, a maneira pela qual a estruturação global ainda hoje prejudica, seletivamente - i.e., principalmente por meio dos privilégios internacionais sobre recursos e sobre empréstimos -, países, mantendo-os - ou, mais frequentemente, suas populações - em condição de pobreza.
Comunicación, discursos y contestación política en la Castilla tardomedieval
Authors: Corral Sánchez Nuria
Published: December 2020

Desde una perspectiva cultural, el estudio del discurso resulta fundamental para el análisis de los conflictos sociopolíticos. Con el objetivo de concienciar a la comunidad y ganar su favor, los actores políticos desarrollan diversas estrategias discursivas en un complejo proceso de comunicación donde la palabra adquiere varios registros. En el presente artículo reflexionaremos acerca de estas cuestiones teóricas, precisando su utilidad para las investigaciones sobre culturas y relaciones políticas en la Edad Media. Presentaremos además una propuesta metodológica para el estudio de la contestación política en el siglo XV, especialmente a partir de fuentes cronísticas y literarias.
Quadriláteros: uma sequência didática construída com recursos da Teoria das Situações Didáticas
Authors: Polli Cileide Teixeira da Silva , Figueiredo Helenara Regina Sampaio , Dias Marlene Alves
Published: December 2020

ResumoEste artigo descreve parte de uma dissertação de mestrado já concluída que investigou possibilidades de um trabalho didático em Geometria. Teve como objetivo analisar as dificuldades de aprendizagem no conceito de quadriláteros, referentes às ideias de paralelismo e perpendicularismo. A partir deste propósito, apresenta os resultados da aplicação de uma sequência didática sobre polígonos, com ênfase na construção de situações adidáticas. A sequência foi elaborada com base em descritores da Prova Brasil e serviu como um dos instrumentos de coleta de dados da pesquisa. A pesquisa se enquadra no perfil qualitativo, do qual participaram dezessete alunos do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental da rede municipal de Londrina. Os resultados permitem observar a importância do protagonismo do professor e do aluno no processo de construção do conhecimento.Palavras-chave: Quadriláteros. Sequência didática. Situações Didáticas e Adidáticas.AbstractThis paper describes part of an already concluded master’s thesis which investigated the possibility of a didactic work in Geometry. It aims to present the results of one of the moments of this work: the implementation of a didactic sequence on polygons, with emphasis on the construction of didactic and adidactic situations. The sequence was elaborated based on descriptors from Prova Brasil and served as one of the data collection instruments of the research. The participants, in addition to the teacher-researcher, are part of a class formed by seventeen students who attend the 5th grade of elementary school, which is part of the municipal department of education in Londrina city, Paraná state. Its results allow us to observe the importance of teacher and student protagonism on the process of knowledge construction.Keywords: Polygons. Didactic Sequence. Didactic and Adidactic Situations.
O Formador e as Tensões entre os Textos Movidos da Matemática Escolar e o Discurso Pedagógico do PROFMAT
Authors: Santana Flavia Cristina de Macêdo , Grilo Jaqueline de Souza Pereira , Barbosa Jonei Cerqueira
Published: December 2020

ResumoO artigo apresenta um estudo que tem como objetivo analisar como o formador lida com tensões entre os textos movidos por professores da educação básica e o discurso pedagógico do Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Rede Nacional em Matemática (PROFMAT). Para tanto, mobilizamos algumas ferramentas conceituais propostas por Basil Bernstein. Os dados foram coletados durante as aulas de uma turma do PROFMAT e o gravador foi o instrumento de registro usado para esse fim. Apoiamo-nos também nos documentos disponibilizados no site do Programa. Para analisar os dados, usamos como postura metodológica a linguagem de descrição em investigação sociológica de Basil Bernstein. Os resultados apontam que as tensões ocorreram em torno de conceitos e procedimentos e que o formador lida com essas tensões de maneiras diferentes: deslegitimando, negando, relativizando ou evitando o texto movido pelos professores da matemática escolar. Por decorrência, a presente investigação aponta a necessidade de reorganização pedagógica do PROFMAT para dar conta das demandas da matemática escolar. Isto não significa que o Programa deve se restringir aos textos que já circulam nessa última, mas tomá-los como ponto de partida para problematização e ampliação, sem perder a vinculação com saber-fazer na educação básica.Palavras-chave: Formação Continuada. Mestrado Profissional. Tensões.AbstractThe article presents a study that aimed to analyze how the trainer deals with tensions between the texts moved by teachers of basic education and the pedagogical discourse of the Professional Master’s Program in National Network in Mathematics (PROFMAT). For that, we mobilized some conceptual tools proposed by Basil. Data were collected during the classes of PROFMAT course and the recorder was the recording instrument used for this purpose. We also rely on the documents available on the program’s website. To analyze the data, we used Basil Bernstein’s description language in sociological investigation as methodological posture. The results show that the tensions occurred around concepts and procedures and that the trainer deals with these tensions in different ways: delegitimizing, denying, relativizing or avoiding the text moved by school mathematics teachers. As a result, the present investigation points to the need for a pedagogical reorganization of PROFMAT to meet the demands of school mathematics. This does not mean that the Program should be restricted to texts that are already circulating in the latter, but taking them as a starting point for problematization and expansion, without losing the link with know-how in basic education.Keywords: Continuing Teacher Training. Professional Master Degree Program. Tensions.
Historia de dos epidemias: una respuesta basada en derechos
Authors: Ramiro Avilés Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2020

La respuesta médica a la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 debe complementarse con una respuesta basada en derechos. La epidemia por VIH permite tener un punto de referencia a la hora de abordar algunas cuestiones controvertidas como son la afectación a la seguridad, entendida como salud pública; el acceso a los medicamentos esenciales; o la importancia del derecho a la intimidad. La protección de la salud pública y la defensa de los derechos no debe entenderse como una empresa antagónica, pues cabe configurar una ética de la salud pública que permita la compatibilidad basada en la autonomía relacional.
La violencia de género como desafío a la democracia constitucional
Authors: Groppi Tania
Published: December 2020

El artículo trata sobre la violencia de género, considerando que el aumento, durante la pandemia COVID-19, no representa una novedad. A pesar de los flujos de legislación en las últimas décadas, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, esta dramática violación de los derechos humanos no ha sido erradicada dentro de las democracias constitucionales. El artículo señala que la violencia de género representa un triple desafío a los valores fundacionales de la democracia constitucional: a) como violencia; b) como expresión de una concepción jerárquica y patriarcal de la sociedad, y finalmente c) como forma extrema de silenciar y marginar al componente más pacífico de la sociedad, las mujeres. Considera que las dificultades para erradicar la violencia de género están relacionadas con las dificultades que atraviesan las democracias constitucionales en el siglo xx. Por tanto, concluye que la lucha por los derechos de la mujer y contra la violencia de género es más crucial que nunca en este momento.
Criminología y perspectiva de género: la delincuencia juvenil femenina
Authors: Cámara Arroyo Sergio
Published: December 2020

La delincuencia juvenil femenina es un sector minoritario dentro de un sector minoritario, que es la delincuencia femenina. A pesar de haber sido ignorado durante mucho tiempo por la criminología, en los últimos años ha recabado la atención de los estudiosos de esta disciplina, ante su posible aumento en la última década. En el presente estudio se analizará la delincuencia juvenil femenina en España desde la perspectiva de género, atendiendo específicamente al modo en el que los comportamientos antisociales de las menores se manifiestan, así como al análisis de los espacios criminógenos más relevantes en la actualidad en los que se ha registrado un aumento de la actividad delictiva de las mujeres jóvenes y menores de edad: la violencia intrafamiliar y la cibercriminalidad.
Myogenin level tends to decrease in adult male cigarette smokers
Authors: Ihim Augustine Chinedu , Manafa Patrick O. , Ekechukwu Vincent T. , Vera Manafa I. , Chukwudi Victor N. , Ogbuowelu Sabina O.
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe World Health Organization has warned that cigarette smoking is an avoidable risk factor for endothelial injury. Myogenin might play a role in muscle metabolism and energy utilization. Electrolytes and minerals are involved in most cellular activities. The objective of this study was to compare myogenin and electrolyte levels between adult male cigarette smokers (CS) and non-smokers (NS). MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 90 subjects, consisting of 55 CS and 35 NS. The sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine myogenin levels while the ion-selective electrode method was used to determine electrolyte levels. The levels of sodium, potassium, and chloride and the body mass index (BMI) were measured. Mann-Whitney and independent t-test were used to analyse the data. Results The BMI of CS was significantly lower than that of NS (p < 0.05). The mean serum levels of sodium (145.23 ± 1.87), potassium (4.00 ± 0.31) and chloride (103.95 ± 1.60) were significantly higher in the CS than in the NS (these being 142.38 ± 2.49, 3.83 ± 0.33, and 101.48 ± 2.08, respectively) (p<0.05). Myogenin levels (44.24 ± 14.60 pg/mL) tended to decrease in the CS group compared to the NS group (59.66 ± 61.73 pg/mL), but the difference was statistically not significant (p=0.769).Conclusion The study demonstrated that higher concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloride with lower concentrations of myogenin in smokers may be associated with higher risk of skeletal muscle tissue injury probably due to the inability of the affected small blood vessels to transport electrolytes to tissues.
A comparative evaluation of efficacy of epidural dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as adjunct to 0.2% ropivacaine for post-operative analgesia in elective abdominal surgeries
Authors: Gandhi Pushpal , Agrawal Mahendra , Agrawal Bhavika , Behl Simarn
Published: December 2020

Background: Epidural analgesia as a central nuraxial technique which involves use of local anesthetics injected into the epidural space to produce a reversible loss of sensation and is the one of the most common regional technique used for lover abdominal and lover limb surgeries epidural analgesia provides excellent pain relief for surgical procedures below the umbilicus. This study compared the efficacy of epidural dexmedetomidine and fentanyl in addition to 0.2% ropivacaine for post-operative analgesia in elective abdominal surgeries.

Methods: Total of 150 patients American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I and II between 20-60 years, undergoing major abdominal surgery were included in this study. The patients divided in three groups of 50 patients each. First group R (ropivaciain 0.2% 9 ml with 1ml normal saline) second group RF (ropivacain 0.2% 9 ml with fentanyl 1 ml) and third group RD (ropivaciain 0.2% 9 ml with dexmedetomidine 1 μ/kg).

Results: There is no significant difference in age, weight, sex, and ASA grade in all three groups.

Hypotension was observed in 4 (8%) patients of R group, 2 (4%) in RD group and 4 (8%) in RF group. The shivering was present in 2 (4%) R group and 2 (4%) in RD group.  Nausea, vomiting was present in R group 2 (4%) and 2 (4%) in RF group. There was no significant difference between the three groups with respect to hemodynamic parameters like heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and respiratory rate.

Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine is a better adjuvant to ropivacaine through epidural route when compared to fentanyl for providing early onset prolonged post-operative analgesia, sedation and stable hemodynamic parameters in intra-abdominal surgeries.
El poder de la solidaridad con Chile. La izquierda británica frente al golpe de Estado, 1973-1979
Authors: Perry Mariana Angelica
Published: December 2020

El artículo busca primeramente identificar cuáles fueron las lecciones que las distintas versiones de la izquierda británica extrajeron del fin de la Unidad Popular y la consecuente instalación del régimen militar en Chile, en circunstancias de un gobierno liderado por el Partido Laborista. Asimismo, busca arrojar luz sobre cómo la actividad británica de solidaridad con la causa chilena permitió unir y dar sentido colectivo a esta dividida y a veces contrapuesta izquierda, representando un caso excepcional en el escenario de Europa occidental. Para ello se revisaron las colecciones de Judith Hart y la Chilean Solidarity Campaign en el Labour History Archive, en Manchester, y documentos del Foreign Office en el Archivo Nacional Británico. Se complementó lo anterior con bibliografía secundaria y entrevistas a informantes claves.
Ansiedad matemática y rendimiento académico en matemáticas de docentes y estudiantes en un contexto de bajos ingresos
Authors: Richland Lindsey Engle , Näslund-Hadley Emma , Alonzo Haydée , Lyons Emily , Vollman Elayne
Published: December 2020

Las relaciones negativas entre la ansiedad matemática y el rendimiento matemático aparecen en muchos países a nivel mundial (OCDE, 2013; Lee, 2009), lo que sugiere que la ansiedad matemática podría ser un factor subestimado en regiones con un rendimiento matemático persistentemente bajo. Nos basamos en una muestra nacional de estudiantes y sus docentes en Belice para analizar las relaciones entre la ansiedad matemática y el rendimiento matemático. Los datos replican la relación negativa entre estas variables observada en muchas regiones con mejor rendimiento y mayores recursos y, lo que es más importante, también revelan que la ansiedad matemática de los docentes predice las actitudes de sus estudiantes hacia las matemáticas, y algunas veces su rendimiento académico en matemáticas. En términos generales, los efectos no fueron cuantitativamente importantes, por lo cual la robustez de esta relación no es clara, pero aportan resultados novedosos para construir una teoría integral de la relación entre la ansiedad y el rendimiento académico en matemáticas en diferentes contextos culturales, etarios y de género, y brindan información sobre cómo podría mejorar la enseñanza y el rendimiento académico en matemáticas en países de bajos recursos a través del abordaje de la ansiedad matemática.
Mapeamento socioeconômico dos imigrantes haitianos atendidos pelo CRAS/Leste em Caxias do Sul-RS
Authors: Rossa Juliana , Do Amaral Josiane Aparecida do Nascimento
Published: December 2020

O impacto social das migrações internacionais contemporâneas é bastante significativo na realidade de Caxias do Sul-RS. A cidade, destaque econômico do Rio Grande do Sul, é um dos principais destinos de imigrantes no Estado, especialmente vindos de países como Haiti e Senegal. Esses processos migratórios acarretam nas cidades mudanças em diferentes aspectos, como, por exemplo, nos setores que envolvem políticas públicas. Com o objetivo de desenvolver um mapeamento do perfil socioeconômico dos imigrantes haitianos em Caxias do Sul, este projeto foi realizado no Centro de Referência da Assistência Social localizado no bairro De Lazzer, o CRAS/Leste, onde há registro de atendimento de aproximadamente 300 haitianos de 2013 a 2017. Esta pesquisa tem caráter exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem quali-quantitativa sobre a realidade da comunidade haitiana na cidade atendida pelo CRAS. Os dados foram obtidos de 102 fichas de atendimento no período referido. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados via estatística descritiva, e os dados qualitativos foram analisados por meio de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstram que as principais demandas desses imigrantes são alimento, móveis e roupas, além das demandas sociais e psicológicas. Identificou-se que a assistência social tem grande impacto em suas vidas e que há carência de políticas públicas que possibilitem maior acolhimento.
A Musealização do Patrimônio Ferroviário do Rio Grande do Sul no século XX
Authors: Lewinski Cinara Isolde Koch
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar sobre a musealização do patrimônio ferroviário que ocorreu a partir da constituição do Centro de Preservação da História Ferroviária do Rio Grande do Sul. Com esse intuito, analisa-se, inicialmente, a influência de políticas patrimoniais que permearam as ações do Preserve/fe e, mais adiante, serviram de base para as diretrizes e normas implantadas nos centros de preservação em vários estados brasileiros.Com esse escopo, a pesquisa é embasada teoricamente na história cultural e tem a pretensão de contribuir para os estudos sobre a constituição do patrimônio ferroviário em nosso Estado e desse modo, refletir sobre as representações que o programa preservacionista do governo federal na década de oitenta queria propor no Centro de Preservação da História Ferroviária do Rio Grande do Sul. Enfim, a partir do nosso objeto de pesquisa, almeja-se discutir sobre as relações entre poder político, patrimônio cultural e museus ferroviários.