bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An integrative study of species distribution modelling and conservation genetics: Magnolia in Hispaniola
Authors: Claerhout Tim , Strubbe Diederik , Castillo Torres Ramón , Samain Marie-Stéphanie , Chatrou Lars W. , Veltjen Emily
Published: February 2023

On the island of Hispaniola, five endemic species of Magnolia occur, all of which are threatened with extinction. Little is known about their distribution and genetic health, hampering targeted conservation actions. The objective of this study is to assess the potential distribution and the genetic health of the Magnolias of Hispaniola, to inform concrete guidelines for effective conservation management. Using species distribution modelling (SDM), we predict habitat suitability for the Magnolias of Hispaniola by analysing 21 variables, describing climate and landscape features, on 635 occurrences. We genotyped 417 individuals using 16 microsatellite markers, to test for genetic structure and degree of inbreeding. The SDM and genetic data confirm the recognition of the four studied Magnolia species. The known individuals of the three Dominican Magnolias are structured into five populations which show ample genetic diversity and little inbreeding overall. For conservation management, we propose to focus on exploration using the SDM results, and protection and reinforcement using the genetic and occurrence data. The genetic results guide prioritization of species and populations. The SDM results guide spatial prioritization. Installing and/or protecting habitat corridors between populations, starting with the two species with the lowest genetic diversity and relatively nearby populations, is recommended as a durable conservation strategy. Meanwhile, reinforcement efforts can be undertaken to artificially increase gene flow for which we appoint sink and source population pairs, using the genetic data.
Coalitional manipulation of voting rules: simulations on empirical data
Authors: Durand François
Published: February 2023

Using computer simulations based on empirical data, we show that seven voting rules that we call the IRV family (Instant-runoff voting, exhaustive ballot, Condorcet-IRV, Benham, Smith-IRV, Tideman and Woodall) are less sensitive to coalitional manipulation than a large selection of prominent voting rules. While the relative performances of these seven rules still deserve further investigation, we show that the differences are at most marginal.
Device-detected atrial fibrillation in a large remote-monitored cohort: implications for anticoagulation and need for new pathways of service delivery
Authors: O’Shea Catherine J. , Brooks Anthony G. , Middeldorp Melissa E. , Harper Curtis , Hendriks Jeroen M. , Russo Andrea M. , Freeman James V. , Gopinathannair Rakesh , Varma Niraj , Deering Thomas F. , Campbell Kevin , Sanders Prashanthan
Published: February 2023

Background

Remote monitoring (RM) can facilitate early detection of subclinical and symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF), providing an opportunity to evaluate the need for stroke prevention therapies. We aimed to characterize the burden of RM AF alerts and its impact on anticoagulation of patients with device-detected AF.

Methods

Consecutive patients with a cardiac implantable electronic device, at least one AF episode, undergoing RM were included and assigned an estimated minimum CHA2DS2-VASc score based on age and device type. RM was provided via automated software system, providing rapid alert processing by device specialists and systematic, recurrent prompts for anticoagulation.

Results

From 7651 individual, 389,188 AF episodes were identified, 3120 (40.8%) permanent pacemakers, 2260 (29.5%) implantable loop recorders (ILRs), 987 (12.9%) implantable cardioverter defibrillators, 968 (12.7%) cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) defibrillators, and 316 (4.1%) CRT pacemakers. ILRs transmitted 48.8% of all AF episodes. At twelve-months, 3404 (44.5%) AF < 6 min, 1367 (17.9%) 6 min–6 h, 1206 (15.8%) 6–24 h, and 1674 (21.9%) ≥ 24 h. A minimum CHA2DS2-VASc score of 2 was assigned to 1704 (63.1%) of the patients with an AF episode of ≥ 6 h, 531 (31.2%) who were not anticoagulated at 12-months, and 1031 (61.6%) patients with an AF episode duration of ≥ 24 h, 290 (28.1%) were not anticoagulated.

Conclusions

Despite being intensively managed via RM software system incorporating cues for anticoagulation, a substantial proportion of patients with increased stroke risk remained unanticoagulated after a device-detected AF episode of significant duration. These data highlight the need for improved clinical response pathways and an integrated care approach to RM.

Trial registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry: ACTRN12620001232921.

Graphical Abstract
Competition in the Phaseolus vulgaris-Rhizobium symbiosis and the role of resident soil rhizobia in determining the outcomes of inoculation
Authors: Mwenda George M. , Hill Yvette J. , O’Hara Graham W. , Reeve Wayne G. , Howieson John G. , Terpolilli Jason J.
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims

Inoculation of legumes with effective N2-fixing rhizobia is a common practice to improve farming profitability and sustainability. To succeed, inoculant rhizobia must overcome competition for nodulation by resident soil rhizobia that fix N2 ineffectively. In Kenya, where Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) is inoculated with highly effective Rhizobium tropici CIAT899 from Colombia, response to inoculation is low, possibly due to competition from ineffective resident soil rhizobia. Here, we evaluate the competitiveness of CIAT899 against diverse rhizobia isolated from cultivated Kenyan P. vulgaris.

Methods

The ability of 28 Kenyan P. vulgaris strains to nodulate this host when co-inoculated with CIAT899 was assessed. Rhizosphere competence of a subset of strains and the ability of seed inoculated CIAT899 to nodulate P. vulgaris when sown into soil with pre-existing populations of rhizobia was analyzed.

Results

Competitiveness varied widely, with only 27% of the test strains more competitive than CIAT899 at nodulating P. vulgaris. While competitiveness did not correlate with symbiotic effectiveness, five strains were competitive against CIAT899 and symbiotically effective. In contrast, rhizosphere competence strongly correlated with competitiveness. Soil rhizobia had a position-dependent numerical advantage, outcompeting seed-inoculated CIAT899 for nodulation of P. vulgaris, unless the resident strain was poorly competitive.

Conclusion

Suboptimally effective rhizobia can outcompete CIAT899 for nodulation of P. vulgaris. If these strains are widespread in Kenyan soils, they may largely explain the poor response to inoculation. The five competitive and effective strains characterized here are candidates for inoculant development and may prove better adapted to Kenyan conditions than CIAT899.
Upregulated GPRC5A disrupting the Hippo pathway promotes the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer cells via the cAMP-CREB axis
Authors: Fang Weidan , Yu Xin , Deng Jun , Yu Bin , Xiong Jianping , Ma Mei
Published: February 2023

Background

Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate worldwide, and is predicted to be third leading cause of death in the near future. However, the regulatory mechanisms that inhibit the progression of pancreatic cancer remain elusive. Currently, exploring the function and mechanisms of GPCRs (G-protein coupled receptors) is an important way to discover promising therapeutic targets for cancer.

Methods

GPRC5A expression was measured using real-time quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot assays. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed using CCK-8, clone formation, wound-healing and transwell assays. A cytosolic/nuclear distribution experiment was used to detect the protein location transfer. A xenograft model of pancreatic cancer was established to explore the role of GPRC5A in vivo.

Results

GPRC5A expression was increased in pancreatic cancer, and disruption of GPRC5A expression inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, GPRC5A positively regulated the transcription of YAP1 through cAMP-CREB signaling. Moreover, we show that the proliferation and migration induced by GPRC5A in pancreatic cancer could be rescued by inhibiting YAP1 expression.

Conclusions

GPRC5A interacts with the Hippo pathway to promote the progression of pancreatic cancer. These findings reveal an important crosstalk model and provide potential targets for pancreatic cancer therapy.
Global receptivity analysis: physically realizable input–output analysis
Authors: Kamal Omar , Lakebrink Matthew T. , Colonius Tim
Published: February 2023

In the context of transition analysis, linear input–output analysis determines the worst-case disturbances to a laminar base flow based on a generic right-hand-side volumetric/boundary forcing term. The worst-case forcing is not physically realizable, and, to our knowledge, a generic framework for posing physically realizable worst-case disturbance problems is lacking. In natural receptivity analysis, disturbances are forced by matching (typically local) solutions within the boundary layer to outer solutions consisting of free-stream vortical, entropic and acoustic disturbances. We pose a scattering formalism to restrict the input forcing to a set of realizable disturbances associated with plane-wave solutions of the outer problem. The formulation is validated by comparing with direct numerical simulations of a Mach 4.5 flat-plate boundary layer. We show that the method provides insight into transition mechanisms by identifying those linear combinations of plane-wave disturbances that maximize energy amplification over a range of frequencies. We also discuss how the framework can be extended to accommodate scattering from shocks and in shock layers for supersonic flow.
The Cultural Battle for the Chilean Model: Intellectual Elites in Times of Politicisation (2010–17)
Authors: Undurraga Tomás , Gárate Chateau Manuel , Joignant Alfredo , Fergnani Mario , Márquez Felipe
Published: February 2023

The Chilean economic model has been widely studied both as a pioneering experiment in neoliberal policies and in regard to the growing social mobilisation against inequalities it has provoked. Insufficient attention has been paid, however, to the role of intellectuals in justifying and criticising the model. This article examines cultural battles over the economic model among the country's main columnists between 2010 and 2017, analysing debates as to the model's virtues and vices, achievements and failures. It shows how debate surrounding the model is highly reactive to current political events, yet occurs in somewhat of an elite bubble, centred on conceptual discussions and daily political events that tend to be dissociated from popular concerns.
Pareto-optimal reinsurance with default risk and solvency regulation
Authors: Boonen Tim J. , Jiang Wenjun
Published: February 2023

This paper studies a Pareto-optimal reinsurance problem when the contract is subject to default of the reinsurer. We assume that the reinsurer can invest a share of its wealth in a risky asset and default occurs when the reinsurer's end-of-period wealth is insufficient to cover the indemnity. We show that without the solvency regulation, the optimal indemnity function is of excess-of-loss form, regardless of the investment decision. Under the solvency regulation constraint, by assuming the investment decision remains unchanged, the optimal indemnity function is characterized element-wisely. Partial results are derived when both the indemnity function and investment decision are impacted by the solvency regulation. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the implications of our results and the sensitivity of solution to the model parameters.
Individual Differences in Bilingual Child Language Acquisition: A plunge into a Complex and Dynamic Network
Authors: MEIR Natalia
Published: February 2023

Large individual differences in language skills are well documented in monolingual children (e.g., Kidd, Donnelly & Christiansen, 2018). In bilinguals, the broad variation is even more pronounced. Interestingly, some bilingual children might be weak in their Heritage Language (HL, also labeled as Minority Language, Home Language, Community Language), to which they have naturalistic exposure from birth. Others might be weak in their Societal Language (SL), the language of the surrounding and educational environment. Large individual differences are observed in neurotypical bilingually exposed children as well as in their bilingually raised peers with developmental language disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and hearing impairment (see also Armon-Lotem & Meir, 2016; Meir & Novogrodsky, 2020). Figure 1 visualizes individual differences in morphosyntactic skills of monolingual and bilingual children with typical language development aged 5;5–6;8 as indexed by the LITMUS Sentence Repetition tasks (the data are drawn from Armon-Lotem & Meir, 2016; Meir, 2018). While monolingual preschool children (MonoRU and MonoHE) show little variation, bilinguals with different levels of dominance (balanced bilinguals: BB; HL dominant: HL-D; SL dominant: SL-D) as determined by standardized tests exhibit large individual differences within each language and across their two languages.
A critical review of hot executive functioning in youth attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Methodological limitations, conceptual considerations, and future directions
Authors: Smith Jessica N. , Jusko Morgan L. , Fosco Whitney D. , Musser Erica D. , Raiker Joseph S.
Published: February 2023

Hot executive functioning (EF) – EF under emotionally or motivationally salient conditions – is a putative etiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), disruptive behavior problems (DBPs), and their related impairments. Despite two decades of research, the present study is the first review of the construct in youth ADHD, with a particular focus on the role of task design, age, and DBPs, as well as relevant conceptual and methodological considerations. While certain hot EF tasks have been investigated extensively (e.g., choice impulsivity), substantial inconsistency in measurement of the broader construct remains, severely limiting conclusions. Future research should a) consider the extent to which various hot EF tasks relate to one another, a higher order factor, and other related constructs; b) further investigate task design, particularly the elicitation of emotion or motivation and its anticipated effect on EF; and c) incorporate multiple levels of analysis to validate similarities and differences among tasks with regard to the affective experiences and cognitive demands they elicit. With improved measurement and conceptual clarity, hot EF has potential to advance the literature on etiological pathways to ADHD, DBPs and associated impairments and, more broadly, may represent a useful tool for understanding the influence of emotion and motivation on cognition.
Prediction of sports injuries by psychological process monitoring
Authors: Schiepek Günter , Schorb Alexander , Schöller Helmut , Aichhorn Wolfgang
Published: February 2023

Abstract: Objectives: Sports injuries usually have severe consequences for the concerned athletes as well as for trainers and teams. The question is if accidents can be predicted in specific cases. Can early-warning signals be detected in psychological time series? Methods: An App-based method of process-monitoring was applied for data collection of psychological parameters. Daily self-assessments using a Sports Process Questionnaire were realized by a professional soccer player during the after-care period of a psychiatric treatment. Methods for the prediction of critical events were applied (Dynamic Complexity, Recurrence Plots, dynamic inter-item correlations). Injuries may demarcate pattern transitions in the mental functioning of athletes, which could be identified by the Pattern Transition Detection Algorithm (PTDA). Results: Early-warning signals of the accident could be identified in the time series. Dynamic Complexity revealed a critical instability, Recurrence Plots a transient period, and the dynamic inter-item correlations a period of increased system coherence just before the accident. The PTDA revealed a phase transition at the occurring injury. Conclusions: Even if the analysis is based on a single case, the results are promising. Psychological self-reports allow a short-term prediction of bio-mechanical injuries and by this, can help to prevent them. Nonlinear measures can be applied to time series data collected by digital process monitoring.
Diffusion Creep Characteristics of Anorthite Revealed by Uniaxial and Pure Shear Deformation Experiments
Authors: Yabe K. , Koizumi S. , Hiraga T.
Published: February 2023

Plagioclase, a major rock‐forming mineral in the Earth's crust, often shows microstructural evidence of ductile deformation in crustal rocks, suggesting that crustal flow is largely controlled by the high‐temperature deformation behavior of this mineral. Here, we present uniaxial and pure shear deformation experiments that reveal various diffusion creep characteristics of anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), a calcium‐rich plagioclase endmember. We synthesized fine‐grained (∼1 μm) anorthite aggregates with different Al/Si ratios (Al/Si = 1 and 0.97) that were either undoped or doped with 1 wt% MgO. We determined that the synthesized samples deformed by interface (reaction)‐controlled and grain‐boundary diffusion creep mechanisms. At similar conditions of stress, temperature, and grain size, strain rates varied by ∼4 orders of magnitude among the samples. A reduction in Al/Si ratio weakens the aggregate by ∼2 orders of magnitude, while doping with MgO, which probably becomes concentrated at grain boundaries, further weakens samples with different Al/Si ratios to the same low strength level. The resulting low viscosity due to MgO is comparable to that of grain‐boundary diffusion creep in anorthite in previous studies. Grain boundary sliding (GBS)‐induced rigid‐body‐like grain rotation was identified by analysis of a marker‐etched sample surface after deformation. Crystallographic preferred orientation and shape preferred orientation developed after the samples were deformed to strains of ≥0.7, which is well explained by preferential GBS along grain boundaries parallel to (010) and also in the [100] direction within the grain‐boundary plane. These important, but previously unknown, characteristics of anorthite diffusion creep originate from the nature of the grain boundaries.
Repeated, Cross‐Cutting, and Spatially Migrating Outflow Channel Formation, Grjótá Valles, Mars
Authors: Brown Jason R. , Roberts Gerald P.
Published: February 2023

Cross‐cutting relationships and the incision history for multiple outflow channels have been mapped and studied to establish their relative chronology in Grjótá Valles, Mars, in order to establish whether observed geomorphic channels were formed in a single event or multiple events. The relative chronology can be established by mapping cross‐cutting relationships between channel margins and successive incisions, where later channels incise downward into older channels. We show that the source areas of five distinct channels can be established, with younger channels progressively sourced further to the east along the Grjótá Valles fault system, and incising downwards into older channels. The channels resemble examples interpreted elsewhere as cut using catastrophic aqueous flow processes (diluvial) due to their regional morphology, the presence of streamlined islands surrounded by anabranching channels marked by incisions, recessional terraces and longitudinal erosional grooves; however, turbulent lava flows may have also been involved. Those five distinct flows occur progressively further to the east may indicate the progressive propagation from west to east of the processes at depth that released the fluid responsible for cutting the channels, such as dike propagation and associated seismicity. Our observation of multiple flows and channel formation episodes implies instantaneous volumes of fluid that are smaller than that for a single flow interpretation.
Survival of immediate implants replacing traumatised teeth in the anterior maxilla
Authors: Hirani Murtaza , Moshtofar Zahra , Devine Maria , Paolinelis George , Djemal Serpil
Published: February 2023

Aim The provision of implants following traumatic dental injuries can hold many challenges, primarily in higher aesthetic regions. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the clinical outcomes of immediate implants placed in fresh extraction sites in the anterior maxilla following dental trauma.

Materials and methods In total, 60 patients requiring teeth replacement with dental implants in the anterior maxilla were included in the study. Following a delayed loading protocol, the implants were restored with definitive single crowns or bridges. Implant and prosthetic survival, complications and periodontal health were recorded during follow-up.

Results A total of 70 implants were placed in the anterior maxilla with three failures reported, resulting in an implant survival rate of 95.7% over a follow-up period of three years. No additional bone augmentation was undertaken and prosthetic survival recorded was 100%, with favourable periodontal outcomes achieved overall.

Conclusion This study showed that implants immediately inserted into fresh extraction sites following dental trauma can constitute a predictable treatment strategy, presenting high implant survival rates over the follow-up period observed. Further well-designed controlled clinical trials are required to evaluate longer-term outcomes for this technique.
Chemical Diversity of Plant Specialized Metabolites
Authors: De Bratati
Published: February 2023

The phytochemical constituents of plants fall into two main categories based on their role in basic metabolic processes: primary and secondary. Primary metabolites are involved in basic life functions and are similar in all living cells, whereas secondary metabolites are derived from subsidiary pathways. Although traditionally referred to as secondary metabolites, more recently these compounds have been termed ‘plant specialized metabolites’, as the exact biochemical boundary between primary and secondary metabolites has not been fully established.

Plant specialized metabolites are the main element in the study and use of ‘medicinal’ plants and herbs, as well as in nutrition and food chemistry. In modern medicine, plant specialized metabolites provide many of the lead compounds in the production of medicines targeted at treating a broad variety of diseases. Such metabolites also play an important role in sessile plants: to resist and withstand different biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant specialized metabolites are classified according to their chemical structures and this book will present the different classes in turn, while discussing their sources and distribution in plant families, their biosynthetic pathways, and their important and notable uses in phytochemistry and pharmacology.

Chemical Diversity of Plant Specialized Metabolites will be a useful guide and reference point for chemists and students in many disciplines including synthetic organic chemists, medicinal chemists, plant scientists, pharmacognosists, chemical ecologists, bioengineers, and synthetic biologists, in addition to those working in related fields.
A dual-mode system based on molybdophosphoric heteropoly acid and fluorescent microspheres for the reliable and ultrasensitive detection of alkaline phosphatase
Authors: Li Qiannan , Wang Yufei , Zhu Qianqian , Liu Haifang , Liu Jianbo , Meng Hong-Min , Li Zhaohui
Published: February 2023

A novel colorimetric and fluorescent dual-mode sensing system based on molybdophosphoric heteropoly acid (PMA) and fluorescent microspheres (FMs) was established for monitoring the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP).
Space group distributions differ considerably among subsets of organic crystal compounds: the impact of metal content and residue number
Authors: Grineva Olga V.
Published: February 2023

This paper analyses the space group distributions of non-disordered, non-polymeric, ion-free crystals using data from the CSD according to two factors: the presence of metal elements and the number of different chemical compounds in the unit cell.
Semiconducting electrodes for neural interfacing: a review
Authors: Ahnood Arman , Chambers Andre , Gelmi Amy , Yong Ken-Tye , Kavehei Omid
Published: February 2023

Neural recording, stimulation, and biochemical sensing using semiconducting electrodes in both electrical and optical domains are discussed. Their differences from metallic electrodes from the application and characterization perspective are highlighted.
Improving the hydrodeoxygenation activity of vanillin and its homologous compounds by employing MoO3-incorporated Co-BTC MOF-derived MoCoOx@C
Authors: Kar Ashish Kumar , Kaur Surinder Pal , Dhilip Kumar T. J. , Srivastava Rajendra
Published: February 2023

The MoCoOx@C catalyst derived from MoO3-incorporated Co-MOF afforded a higher yield of 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (∼99%) than CoOx@C (∼64%) in the selective hydrodeoxygenation of vanillin.
Chiral copper-hydride nanoclusters: synthesis, structure, and assembly
Authors: Wang Lin , Yan Xiaodan , Tian Guolong , Xie Zhenlang , Shi Shanshan , Zhang Yuhao , Li Simin , Sun Xueli , Sun Jing , He Jinlu , Shen Hui
Published: February 2023

Novel copper-hydride nanoclusters of [Cu14(tBuS)3(PPh3)7H10]+have been prepared. The cluster exhibits intrinsic chirality and helix assembling structures.
A rapid self-healing glassy polymer/metal–organic-framework hybrid membrane at room temperature
Authors: Niu Qingyu , Han Hang , Liu Xiao , Li Bin , Li Huanrong , Li Zhiqiang
Published: February 2023

Owing to the multiconnected cross-linking effect of lanthanide MOFs and a high density of hydrogen bonds, a MOF-polymer hybrid membrane not only shows mechanical robustness, but also an instantaneous self-healing ability even in glassy state.
Monitoring of mycotoxins and pesticides in winemaking
Authors: Giacomini Rafaela Xavier , Barnes Rodrigues Cerqueira Maristela , Primel Ednei Gilberto , Garda-Buffon Jaqueline
Published: February 2023

This study monitored concentrations of both pesticides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and procymidone, and mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) in stages of the winemaking process. Sampling was carried out in the usual vinification process of red wine in a winery between the steps to obtain must and alcoholic fermentation. The highest transference of contaminants in the process occurred in the crushing step to 2,4-D (100%) and maceration to OTA and procymidone (100%). Removal of contaminants in the winemaking process corresponded to 100%, with a half-life (T1/2) longer for procymidone (216.5 h) and shorter for 2,4-D (38.5 h) and OTA (96 h). The processing factors (PFs) (0) for the contaminants, together with the data obtained, characterize winemaking as a process of reducing mycotoxin and pesticides. Results highlight the importance of fermentation to reduce contaminants and that yeasts promote detoxification
Transfer Reactions in Nuclear Astrophysics
Authors: Adsley Philip
Published: February 2023

Transfer reactions are important tool in nuclear astrophysics. These reactions allow us to identify states in nuclei and to find the corresponding energies, to determine if these states can contribute to astrophysical nuclear reactions and ultimately to determine the strength of that contribution. In this paper,the basic details of how transfer reactions may be used in nuclear astrophysics are set out along with some common pitfalls to avoid.
Nuclear astrophysics studies with γ-ray beams: What do we expect to learn from them?
Authors: Balabanski Dimiter L.
Published: February 2023

An overview of the main directions of present-day studies with quasimonochromatic γ beams is discussed with an emphasis on the research opportunities which will be offered at the Extreme Light Infrastructure Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP) facility at Magurele near Bucharest in Romania. Experiments with γ beams at the extremes of high temperatures are outlined, with an emphasis on prospective studies related to nuclear astrophysics and astroparticle physics. Some of the experimental setups for nuclear structure, reaction, and astrophysics studies, which are available at ELI-NP, are described.
Magnetic and non-magnetic AGB mixing for s-processing
Authors: Busso Maurizio
Published: February 2023

I outline a few features of recent models for the formation of the neutron source 13C(α,n)16O in low mass stars (1 ≲ M/M⊙ ≲ 3, LMS ) ascendingfor the second time the Red Giant Branch, generally called Asymptotic Giant Branch, or AGB stars. I also briefly outline the nucleosynthesis results obtained trough them. The mentioned models consider the physical structure below the frequent downward extensions of the convective envelope into the He-intershell (the so-called third dredge-up or TDU episodes). There, the conditions are such that the occurrence of further mixing is strongly facilitated, due to the minimal temperature gradient. A way to induce proton mixing from the envelope (certainly not the only one) arises whenever the ambient magnetic fields expected for LMS promote the buoyancy of strongly magnetized flux tubes. I review some characteristics of the ensuing mixing episodes, mentioning how different hydrodynamical processes might yield similar effects, thus encouraging stellar physicists to verify in more detail this possibility.
ANC method: Experimental approach and recent results
Authors: D’Agata G. , Kilic A.I. , Burjan V. , Cassisa A. , Mrázek J. , Glagolev V.
Published: February 2023

The Asymptotic Normalization Coefficient (ANC) method, has proven to be useful in retrieving the direct part of the radiative capture cross section for a number of reactions of astrophysical interest. In this work, some of the latest results obtained by the AsFin2 group of the LSN-INFN (Catania) and the OJR of the NPI (Řež) will be briefly discussed.
Basic Stellar Physics
Authors: Palmerini S.
Published: February 2023

Polytropes, Virial theorem, evolutionary time scales, degrees of freedom, radiative transport, molecular weight, degeneracy, Jeans mass, and Eddington luminosity are basic ingredients to describe the physics of stars. In the present paper they will be presented in details as long with their role in the stellar evolution.

PACS. PACS-key stellar evoluion - PACS-key basic physics
RIB induced reactions: Studying astrophysical reactions with low-energy RI beam at CRIB
Authors: Yamaguchi H. , Hayakawa S. , Ma N.R. , Shimizu H. , Okawa K. , Zhang Q. , Yang L. , Kahl D. , La Cognata M. , Lamia L. , Abe K. , Beliuskina O. , Cha S.M. , Chae K.Y. , Cherubini S. , Figuera P. , Ge Z. , Gulino M. , Hu J. , Inoue A. , Iwasa N. , Kim A. , Kim D. , Kiss G. , Kubono S. , La Commara M. , Lattuada M. , Lee E.J. , Moon J.Y. , Palmerini S. , Parascandolo C. , Park S.Y. , Phong V.H. , Pierroutsakou D. , Pizzone R.G. , Rapisarda G.G. , Romano S. , Spitaleri C. , Tang X.D. , Trippella O. , Tumino A. , Zhang N.T. , Lam Y.H. , Heger A. , Jacobs A.M. , Xu S.W. , Ma S.B. , Ru L.H. , Liu E.Q. , Liu T. , Hamill C.B. , Murphy A. St J. , Su J. , Fang X. , Kwag M.S. , Duy N.N. , Uyen N.K. , Kim D.H. , Liang J. , Psaltis A. , Sferrazza M. , Johnston Z. , Li Y.Y.
Published: February 2023

Astrophysical reactions involving radioactive isotopes (RI) often play an important role in high-temperature stellar environments. The experimental studies on the reaction rates for those are still limited mainly due to the technical difficulties in producing high-quality RI beams. A direct measurement of those reactions would be still challenging in many cases, however, we can make a reliable evaluation of the reaction rates by an indirect method or by studying the resonance prorerties. Here we ntroduce recent examples of experimental studies on such RI-involving astrophysical reactions, performed at Center for Nuclear Study, the University of Tokyo, using the low-energy RI beam separator CRIB. One is for the neutron-induced destruction reactions of 7Be in the Big-Bang nucleosynthesis, and the other is the study on the 22Mg(α, p) reaction relevant in X-ray bursts, which was performed with the resonant scattering method from the inverse reaction channel.
Laboratory magnetoplasmas as an ideal experimental environment for nuclear astrophysics β-decay studies
Authors: Naselli Eugenia
Published: February 2023

The PANDORA project proposes a new experimental approach aimed at using laboratory magnetoplasmas (which emulate some stellar conditions) as an environment for in-plasma β-decays investigations. In the superconducting PANDORA trap, a hot plasma containing a known concentration of β-decaying atoms can be confined and kept in dynamic equilibrium for weeks. The decay rate can be measured by detecting the γ-rays emitted by the daughter nuclei (through HPGe detector array) and correlated with the charge state distribution of radioactive ions and with the plasma thermodynamic properties using a multi-diagnostic system, whose tools and techniques are here presented.
Direct measurement of the 26Si(α, p)29P reaction at CRIB for the nucleosynthesis in the X-ray bursts
Authors: Okawa Kodai , Kim Minju , Chae Kyungyuk , Hayakawa Seiya , Adachi Satoshi , Cha Soomi , Chillery Thomas William , Furuno Tatsuya , Gu Gyungmo , Hanai Shutaro , Imai Nobuaki , Kahl David , Kawabata Takahiro , Kim Chanhee , Kim Dahee , Kim Sohyun , Kubono Shigeru , Kwag Minsik , Li Jiatai , Ma Nanru , Michimasa Shin’ichiro , Nguyen Kim Uyen , Nguyen Ngoc Duy , Sakanashi Kohsuke , Shimizu Hideki , Sirbu Oana , Yamaguchi Hidetoshi , Yokoyama Rin , Zhang Qian
Published: February 2023

Several (α, p) reactions with radioactive-ions (RI) in the αp-process are important to characterize X-ray bursts. However, some of them do not have sufficient experimental data, and the 26Si(α, p)29P reaction is one of such reactions. We performed a direct measurement of the reaction in inverse kinematics with a thick target at the CNS RI beam separator (CRIB).We used a multiplexer circuit, Mesytec MUX, to acquire data from many channels of silicon detectors. In this experimental setup, a resonant elastic scattering was measured simultaneously. The details of the experimental conditions and the preliminary results of the analysis are discussed.
Indirect measurement of the (n,γ)127Sb cross section
Authors: Pogliano Francesco , Larsen Ann-Cecilie , Bello Garrote Frank Leonel , Møller Bjørøen Marianne , Kvalheim Eriksen Thomas , Gjestvang Dorthea , Görgen Andreas , Guttormsen Magne , Li Kevin Ching Wei , Markova Maria , Matthews Eric Francis , Paulsen Wanja , Gaard Pedersen Line , Siem Sunniva , Storebakken Tellef , Gabor Tornyi Tamás , Ersland Vevik Julian
Published: February 2023

Sensitivity studies of the i process have identified the region around 135I as a bottleneck for the neutron capture flow. Nuclear properties such as the Maxwellian-averaged cross section (MACS) are key to constrain the uncertainties in the final abundance patterns. From the 124Sn(α, pγ)127Sb reaction we are able to indirectly measure the nuclear level density and γ-ray strength function for 127Sb using the Oslo method. From these two quantities we can calculate the MACS for the 126Sb(n, γ)127Sb reaction using the Hauser-Feshbach formalism, constrain its uncertainties and compare it to libraries such as JINA REACLIB, TENDL and BRUSLIB.
13C(α,n)16O: The Source of Neutrons for the s-process main component
Authors: Prajapati P.M. , Qureshi Mahin , Hingu A. , Pizzone R.G. , La Cognata M. , Suryanarayna S.V. , Shet Sachin , Mukherjee S.
Published: February 2023

The 13C(α, n)16O reaction operates in the He intershell of low-mass(M < 4 M⊙) AGB stars and it is the neutron source that allows the creation of the main component of the s-process elements. The reaction rate is then required to be well known in the energy range of astrophysical interest. Therefore, the 13C(α, n)16O reaction rate has been calculated in stellar like conditions using a nuclear-model based computer code TALYS. The results have been compared with available literature data and found to be in good agreement with experimental data and, evaluated data NACRE II as well.
First (p,n) reaction measurement in inverse kinematics with SECAR
Authors: Tsintari Pelagia , Berg Georg , Blackmon Jeff , Chipps Kelly , Couder Manoel , Deibel Catherine , Dimitrakopoulos Nikolaos , Garg Ruchi , Greife Uwe , Hermansen Kirby , Hood Ashley , Jain Rahul , Maher Cavan , Marshall Caleb , Meisel Zach , Miskovich Sara , Montes Fernando , Perdikakis Georgios , Pereira Jorge , Ruland Thomas , Schatz Hendrik , Setoodehnia Kiana , Smith Michael , Wagner Louis , Zegers Remco G.T.
Published: February 2023

Nucleosynthesis in the νp-process occurs in regions of slightly proton-rich nuclei in the neutrino-driven wind of core-collapse supernovae. The process proceeds via a sequence of (p,γ) and (n,p) reactions, and depending on the conditions, may produce elements between Ni and Sn. Recent studies show that a few key (n,p) reactions regulate the efficiency of the neutrino-p process (νp-process). We performed a study of one of such (n,p) reactions via the measurement of the reverse (p,n) in inverse kinematics with SECAR at NSCL/FRIB.Such proton-induced reaction measurements are particularly challenging, as the recoils and the unreacted projectiles have nearly identical masses. An appropriate separation level can be achieved with SECAR, and along with the incoincidence detection of neutrons these measurements become attainable. The preparation of the SECAR system for accommodating its first (p,n) reaction measurement, including the development of alternative ion beam optics, and the setup of the in-coincidence neutron detection, along with discussion on preliminary results from the p(58Fe,n)58Co reaction measurement are presented and discussed.
Aktueller Stand zu perkutanen lokalablativen Verfahren beim hepatozellulären Karzinom
Authors: Luerken Lukas , Haimerl Michael , Doppler Michael , Uller Wibke , Beyer Lukas Philipp , Stroszczynski Christian , Einspieler Ingo
Published: February 2023

Hintergrund Das hepatozelluläre Karzinom (HCC) ist das
fünfthäufigste Tumorleiden weltweit. Da viele HCCs bereits zum Zeitpunkt der Erstdiagnose
nicht resektabel sind, haben sich in den letzten Jahrzenten perkutane Tumorablationen als
kurativer Therapieansatz für das sehr frühe (BCLC 0) und frühe (BCLC A) HCC etabliert. Ziel
dieser Arbeit ist es, einen kompakten Überblick über die aktuell zur Anwendung kommenden
perkutanen lokalablativen Verfahren zu geben, basierend auf den technischen Besonderheiten
sowie der klinischen Relevanz unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Studienlage.

Methode Die Literaturrecherche umfasste alle über MEDLINE und
PubMed verfügbaren Originalarbeiten, Reviews und Metaanalysen zu den jeweiligen perkutanen
Ablationsverfahren, hierbei wurde vor allem ein Fokus auf randomisiert kontrollierte Studien
und Veröffentlichungen aus den letzten 10 Jahren gelegt.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Die Radiofrequenzablation (RFA)
und Mikrowellenablation (MWA) sind etablierte Verfahren, welche aufgrund ihrer starken Evidenz
in internationalen und nationalen Leitlinien bei der Behandlung von HCCs im Stadium BCLC 0 und
A mit einem Diameter bis zu 3 cm der chirurgischen Resektion gleichgestellt sind. Für HCCs mit
einem Diameter zwischen 3 und 5 cm wird in den aktuellen S3-Leitlinien eine Kombination aus
transarterieller Chemoembolisation (TACE) und Thermoablation mittels RFA oder MWA empfohlen,
da bei HCCs dieser Größe die Kombinationstherapie der alleinigen Thermoablation überlegen ist
und mit der chirurgischen Resektion vergleichbare Ergebnisse bezüglich des Gesamtüberlebens
zeigt. Alternative, deutlich seltener eingesetzte thermische Verfahren sind die Kryotherapie
(KT) und die Laserablation (LA). Zu den nicht thermischen Verfahren zählen die irreversible
Elektroporation (IRE), die interstitielle Brachytherapie (IBT) und als neuestes Verfahren die
Elektrochemotherapie (ECT). Aufgrund der noch nicht ausreichenden Evidenz kommen diese bis
dato allerdings nur in Einzelfällen und im Rahmen von Studien zum Einsatz. Die nicht
thermischen Verfahren stellen jedoch eine sinnvolle Alternative für die Ablation von HCCs in
Nachbarschaft zu großen Blutgefäßen und Gallengängen dar, da sie diese Strukturen im Gegensatz
zu den thermischen Ablationsverfahren deutlich weniger schädigen. Durch Fortschritte in der
Technik der jeweiligen Verfahren, zunehmend gute Evidenz sowie Weiterentwicklungen bei
unterstützenden Techniken wie Navigationsgeräten und Fusionsbildgebung könnten die perkutanen
Ablationsverfahren in den kommenden Jahren ihre Indikationsstellung zur Behandlung größerer
und weiter fortgeschrittener HCCs erweitern.
Well-posedness and dynamics of 2D Navier–Stokes equations with moving boundary
Authors: Chang Qingquan , Li Dandan
Published: February 2023

We investigate the longtime dynamical behavior of 2D Navier–Stokes equations with a moving boundary. We obtain the well-posedness and dissipation through the penalty method. Then, we derive the regularity by applying a new penalty. Finally, we show that the induced dynamical system has pullback exponential attractors.
Energy transfer of the solar wind turbulence based on Parker solar probe and other spacecraft observations
Authors: Wu Honghong , Tu Chuanyi , He Jiansen , Wang Xin , Yang Liping
Published: February 2023

The supersonic solar wind, first predicted by Parker and then observed by Mariners, extends to form a heliosphere around the Sun. The energy supply from the energy containing range, the energy cascade though the inertial range, and the eventual energy dissipation are three basic processes of the energy transfer in the solar wind and have been studied for a long time. However, some basic issues remain to be discovered. Here, we review the recent progress in the mechanisms of energy transfer of the solar wind turbulence from the observational perspective. Based on the Parker solar probe observations, the energy supply mechanism by the low-frequency break sweeping is proposed to provide enough energy for the proton heating in the slow solar wind. This mechanism also works in the fast solar wind. The energy flux by the low-frequency break sweeping is consistent with that by the classical von Kármán decay mechanism. For the energy cascade in the inertial range, the scaling behavior of the third-order structure functions demonstrates the effect of the complex dynamics of the solar wind. The process of energy transfer is fundamental to understand the solar wind turbulence and help to construct the model of the space environment.
Research on a rotary piezoelectric wind energy harvester with bilateral excitation
Authors: He Lipeng , Zheng Xiaotian , Li Wei , Gu Xiangfeng , Han Yuhang , Cheng Guangming
Published: February 2023

This paper describes a rotary piezoelectric wind energy harvester with bilateral excitation (B-RPWEH) that improves power generation performance. The power generating unit in the current piezoelectric cantilever wind energy harvester was primarily subjected to a periodic force in a single direction. The B-RPWEH adopted a reasonable bilateral magnet arrangement, thus avoiding the drawbacks of limited piezoelectric cantilever beam deformation and unstable power generation due to unidirectional excitation force. The factors affecting the power generation were theoretically analyzed, and the natural frequency and excitation force of the piezoelectric cantilever have been simulated and analyzed. A comprehensive experimental research method was used to investigate the output performance. The B-RPWEH reaches a maximum output voltage of 20.48 Vpp when the piezoelectric sheet is fixed at an angle of 30°, the Savonius turbine number is 3, and the magnet diameter is 8 mm. By adjusting the fixed angle of the piezoelectric sheet, the number of Savonius wind turbine blades, and the magnet diameter, the maximum voltage is increased by 52.38%, 4.49%, and 245.95%, respectively. The output power is 24.5 mW with an external resistor of 8 kΩ, and the normalized power density is 153.14 × 10−3 mW/mm3, capable of powering light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This structure can drive wireless networks or low-power electronics.
Tapered resonator-based phononic crystal: Avoided level crossings, robust self-collimation, and bi-refringence
Authors: Das Debanik , Dass Chandriker Kavir , Shah Piyush J. , Bedford Robert , Ram-Mohan L. R.
Published: February 2023

In search of novel phononic crystals to effectively control the propagation of elastic waves, we propose a new single-material phononic crystal (PnC) with unit cells containing tapered resonators (TRs). The thickness of the circular taper radially decreases outward from the center. The device modulates dispersion of the wave by a local resonance mechanism and by slowly varying the group velocity of elastic waves. The TRs are layered on the top of a conventional PnC slab with a square arrangement of air holes. The band structure of the PnC is theoretically studied and a comparison is drawn between the avoided level crossings and the symmetry-protected ordinary degeneracies. In the absence of a bandgap, the zero group velocity at the band maximum restricts the waves from propagating. Moreover, the design shows anomalous dispersion phenomena such as self-collimation and bi-refringence, which are rare in conventional PnCs. We trace the origins of these phenomena by analyzing equifrequency contours associated with relevant frequencies. We show that the self-collimation effect persists even with a small variation in the angle of incidence and a perturbative hole at the center of each of the TRs. Within the classical limit, the scale invariance of the elastic wave equation makes the device useful in both the low frequency ultrasonic and the high frequency phononic regime.
Highly transparent and stretchable organic light-emitting diodes with ultrathin metal films as double electrodes
Authors: Chen Zhi-Yu , Yin Da , Wang Yu-Ping , Zhang Hao-Yang , Jia Shi-Xin , Feng Jing
Published: February 2023

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with both high transparency and stretchability are of importance for next-generation wearable and deformable displays, which have not been studied in depth. In this work, highly flexible and transparent OLEDs (TrOLEDs) are achieved by using ultrathin metal films as both anode and cathode to fabricate stretchable TrOLEDs (S-TrOLEDs) based on a wrinkling strategy. The TrOLEDs show a transmittance value of 73% at 550 nm and a negligible micro-cavity effect with near Lambertian emission characteristics at a wide angle of view. Furthermore, almost symmetric electroluminescent properties are obtained from the anode and cathode, which is important for dual-side display. Two-dimensional S-TrOLEDs with random wrinkles show 50% stretchability and retain 80% of their initial luminance after 200 cycles of stretching. The effect of random wrinkles on the transmittance of S-TrOLEDs is researched and the transparency losses of the device are analyzed deeply. We hope that this work is meaningful for promoting the development of S-TrOLEDs in the display industries.