bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN BAMBU OLEH MASYARAKAT DI KECAMATAN TENGGULUN KABUPATEN ACEH TAMIANG
Authors: Ritonga Muhammad Azli , Navia Zidni Ilman , Arico Zulfan
Published: July 2020

Jenis bambu di Indonesia diperkirakan sebanyak 125 jenis bambu yang tergolong budidaya dan tumbuh liar namun masih sedikit yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk pemanfaatan jenis bambu di Kecamatan Tenggulun, Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode eksplorasi dan wawancara terbuka. Pengamatan sampel dilakukan di Laboratorium Pusat Universitas Samudra dan Herbarium Bogoriense (BO). Pengetahuan masyarakat yang memanfaatkan bambu diperoleh melalui wawancara terbuka kepada responden dari setiap kepala keluarga, tokoh adat, dan informan kunci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 8 jenis bambu yang telah dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat yaitu Bambusa blumeana, B. heterostachya, B. multiplex, B. vulgaris, Dendrocalamus asper, Gigantochloa apus, G. atter, dan Schizostacyum zollingeri. Pemanfaatan jenis bambu oleh masyarakat setempat sebagai tanaman hias, kerajinan tangan, obat-obatan, mebel, galah, dan material bangunan.
"Comfort without offence"? The Performance and Transmission of Exile Literature at the English College, Valladolid, 1592-1600
Authors: Echevarría Berta Cano , Hidalgo Ana Sáez , Redworth Glyn , Hutchings Mark
Published: July 2020

Parmi les séminaires établis après la Réforme, le Collège de St-Alban de Valladolid a joué un rôle politique et religieux particulièrement significatif. Dès ses premières années, la couronne espagnole a démontré son soutien envers le Collège des Anglais, et exprimé ses objectifs à travers une série de visites royales. Chaque visite était différente, mais elles ont en commun le fait que le collège a souligné ces occasions au moyen d’une commémoration riche du point de vue littéraire et imaginative. Des poèmes et des emblèmes étaient affichés sur les murs et récités par les séminaristes, et des récits ont par la suite été imprimés et ont circulé en anglais et en espagnol pour faire connaître publiquement ces célébrations et ainsi réaliser leurs buts politiques et religieux. Cet essai examine les premières années d'existence du Collège des Anglais de Valladolid, en situant son rôle dans le contexte politique, religieux et culturel, et en se concentrant sur les événements dont le collège a été la scène, et qui ont été diffusés sous forme imprimée dans les toutes dernières années du XVIe siècle.
CD44 engagement enhances acute myeloid leukemia cell adhesion to the bone marrow microenvironment by increasing VLA-4 avidity
Authors: Julia C. Gutjahr  , Elisabeth Bayer  , Xiaobing Yu  , Julia M. Laufer  , Jan P. Höpner  , Suzana Tesanovic  , Andrea Härzschel  , Georg Auer  , Tanja Rieß  , Astrid Salmhofer  , Eva Szenes  , Theresa Haslauer  , Valerie Durand-Onayli  , Andrea Ramspacher  , Sandra P. Pennisi  , Marc Artinger  , Nadja Zaborsky  , Alexandre Chigaev  , Fritz Aberger  , Daniel Neureiter  , Lisa Pleyer  , Daniel F. Legler  , Veronique Orian-Rousseau  , Richard Greil  , Tanja N. Hartmann
Published: July 2020

Adhesive properties of leukemia cells shape the degree of organ infiltration and the extent of leukocytosis. CD44 and the integrin VLA-4, a CD49d/CD29 heterodimer, are important factors of progenitor cell adhesion in bone marrow (BM). Here, we report their cooperation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by a novel non-classical CD44-mediated way of inside-out VLA-4 activation. In primary AML BM samples from patients and the OCI-AML3 cell line, CD44 engagement by hyaluronan induced inside-out activation of VLA-4 resulting in enhanced leukemia cell adhesion on VCAM-1. This was independent from VLA-4 affinity regulation but based on ligand-induced integrin clustering on the cell surface. CD44-induced VLA-4 activation could be inhibited by the Src family kinase inhibitor PP2 and the multikinase inhibitor midostaurin. In further consequence, the increased adhesion on VCAM-1 allowed AML cells to strongly bind stromal cells. Thereby VLA-4/VCAM-1 interaction promoted activation of Akt, MAPK, NF-kB and mTOR signaling and decreased AML cell apoptosis. Collectively, our investigations provide a mechanistic description of an unusual CD44 function in regulating VLA-4 avidity in AML, supporting AML cell retention in the supportive BM microenvironment.
Fatigue in chronic myeloid leukemia patients on tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy: predictors and the relationship with physical activity
Authors: Lando Janssen  , Nicole M.A. Blijlevens  , Meggie M.C.M. Drissen  , Esmée A. Bakker  , Malou A.H. Nuijten  , Jeroen J.W.M. Janssen  , Silvie Timmers  , Maria T.E. Hopman
Published: July 2020

Fatigue is a common side effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. However, the prevalence of TKI-induced fatigue remains uncertain and little is known about predictors of fatigue and its relationship with physical activity. In this study, 220 CML patients receiving TKI therapy and 110 gender- and age-matched controls completed an online questionnaire to assess fatigue severity and fatigue predictors (Part 1). In addition, physical activity levels were objectively assessed for 7 consecutive days in 138 severely fatigued and non-fatigued CML patients using an activity monitor (Part 2). We demonstrated that the prevalence of severe fatigue was 55.5% in CML patients and 10.9% in controls (P<0.001). We identified five predictors of fatigue in our CML population: age (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.99), female gender (OR 1.76, 95% CI 0.92-3.34), Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.16-3.13), the use of comedication known to cause fatigue (OR 3.43, 95% CI 1.58-7.44), and physical inactivity (OR of moderately active, vigorously active and very vigorously active compared to inactivity 0.43 (95% CI 0.12-1.52), 0.22 (95% CI 0.06-0.74), and 0.08 (95% CI 0.02-0.26), respectively). Objective monitoring of activity patterns confirmed that fatigued CML patients performed less physical activity on both light (P=0.017) and moderate to vigorous intensity (P=0.009). In fact, compared to the non-fatigued patients, fatigued CML patients performed 1 hour less of physical activity per day and took 2000 fewer steps per day. Our findings facilitate the identification of patients at risk of severe fatigue and highlight the importance to set the reduction of fatigue as a treatment goal in CML care. This study was registered at The Netherlands Trial Registry, NTR7308 (Part 1) and NTR7309 (Part 2).
Patients’ case scenario as well as approaches and strategies adopted to manage COVID-19 pandemic at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
Authors: Rahman Syed Ziaur , Khan Saif
Published: July 2020

Corona virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory infection caused by corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It originated from Wuhan city of China in December 2019 and spread like a wild fire to the entire globe and was declared as global pandemic by WHO on March 11, 2020. With no available cure and vaccine, this disease has taken a mammoth toll on the human life; therefore, SMS (‘Social Distancing’, use of ‘Mask’ and regular hand washing with ‘Soap’) has emerged as a sole tool to prevent its spread. The Indian government declared the first lockdown from March 25th 2020 with subsequent second, third and fourth lockdowns up to 31st March 2020 to decrease the disease transmission and flatten the disease transmission curve. Aligarh Muslim University is one of the prestigious central and residential universities in India. It is located in Aligarh district adjoining national capital region. The university has an attached tertiary care ‘Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Hospital’. This narrative review discusses the various steps and procedures taken up by the university and hospital administration, other functionaries, faculty members and doctors in tackling the serious pandemic until 22nd June 2020. The proactive role of administration, dedication and hard work of health care professionals and innovation of some academicians has given a new vista of opportunities to tackle this global health pandemic. The recovery rate of coronavirus patients at AMU hospital is recorded as 71.9%, which is much higher than national average recovery rate (56%). Thus, AMU model gives some positive insights to fight the current global pandemic.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(0) 2020 p. S 28-S 35
KESAN TEKNIK PERMAINAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENGENAL PERKATAAN BAHASA CINA MURID TAHUN SATU [THE EFFECTS OF GAME TECHNIQUES IN LEARNING OF CHINESE WORDS RECOGNITION ON YEAR ONE PUPILS]
Authors: Mohd Embros Norfaneliza , Looi Lay Hoon , Wong Hie Mee
Published: July 2020

Words recognition is very important in learning a foreign language like Chinese because words recognition is the basis of reading skills. In addition, reading ability can improve students' language skills more effectively. Many studies have found that game techniques can help students to actively build knowledge by combining existing knowledge with new knowledge through social interaction, but it has rarely been studied in Chinese language learning. This study aimed to study the effects of game technique on word-recognition learning among first-year students pursuing a National Chinese Language (BCSK) course. The quasi-experimental design involving 25 respondents from two schools in the Hulu Selangor district was divided into control group (conventional engineering) as school A with 10 pupils, and treatment group (game technique) at school B by 15 pupils. Further, the research instruments namely pre-test, post-test and interview were conducted throughout the study. The collected data were analyzed to obtain mean scores and standard deviations for each group to compare. The results showed that the mean score for the treatment group (mean = 70.8, s.p = 15.4) was higher than the control group mean score (mean = 35.1, s.p = 14.1). The findings suggest that game techniques may have a positive impact on student learning in the Chinese language proficiency, so this technique should be a learning strategy as these techniques can create an active, enjoyable and appropriate learning environment for low-level student learning. It can also attract students to learn and improve their level of mastery.
MENINGKATKAN PENGUASAAN SEBUTAN BAHASA CINA DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR BUKAN PENUTUR JATI DI SEKOLAH KEBANGSAAN [INCREASING NON-NATIVE LEARNERS TOWARDS CHINESE LANGUAGE PRONUNCIATION IN NATIONAL PRIMARY SCHOOLS]
Authors: Kee Ping Chuah , Guat Peng Ngoi , Khalidar Afiqah Sabariah
Published: July 2020

Subject of Bahasa Cina Sekolah Kebangsaan (BCSK) is a first choice for students in the elective language offered in the national school. Dokumen Standard Kurikulum Pentaksiran (DSKP) in Bahasa Cina Sekolah Kebangsaan (BCSK), students are required to master the listening skills, speaking skills and writing skills. This paper is to identify factors that cause pronunciation error in Chinese Language done by non-native language learners in national primary schools. Factors of pronunciation error are divided into interlingual factors, intralingual factors and developmental error. Furthermore, effective teaching and learning (pdp) strategies to correct pronunciation errors are also proposed to increase to mastery the pronunciation among non-native students.
TAHAP PENGUASAAN MURID DAN GURU DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DAN PEMUDAHCARAAN (PDPC) DALAM PUISI KLASIK BAHASA CINA SEKOLAH MENENGAH [THE MASTERY LEVEL OF STUDENTS AND TEACHERS IN LEARNING AND TEACHING IN CLASSICAL CHINESE POETRY FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL]
Authors: Teoh Wei Hao , Ma Min
Published: July 2020

In 2017, the Ministry Education of Malaysia has replaced the Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Menengah (KSSM) with new syllabus, namely Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah (KBSM). The objective is to cultivate interest of student in lifelong learning. To realize this goal, teachers need to foster reading interest among students. However, there is still a lack of student involvement in the teaching process and creates a boring and uninteresting teaching atmosphere. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying the mastery level of students and teachers in learning and teaching (Pdpc) classical Chinese poetry. This study is a part of a qualitative research that was conducted with five students and five teachers from secondary schools in Selangor. The findings of this study showed that the level of mastery of teachers and students in learning and teaching (Pdpc) in classical Chinese poetry is not satisfactory. Hence, the Ministry of Education Malaysia should provide workshops or courses that related to the exposition of a variety of pedagogy on classical Chinese poetry. In conclusion, teachers have the responsibility to improve the level of knowledge and teaching techniques of classical Chinese poetry so that learning and teaching (Pdpc) can be implemented effectively.
Studi Etologi Burung Hantu (Tyto alba) di Penangkaran Desa Tlogoweru Guntur Demak Jawa Tengah
Authors: Majid Syamsuddin Nur , Lianah Lianah , Hidayat Saifullah
Published: July 2020

Serak Jawa (Tyto alba) has a very important role in the natural pest control of rice ecosystems. Serak Jawa (Tyto alba) is used by farmers as biological agents to control rice mice as practiced by farmers of Tlogoweru Village, Guntur District, Demak Regency. This study aims to determine the behavior of Tyto alba in its daily activities using methods scanning-sampling. The number of Serak Jawa observed in captivity was three. Observed factors such as locomotion, flying, perching, eating, drinking, and making noise. Observations were carried out for 12 hours starting at 18:00 WIB until 06:00 WIB for 10 days in captivity Tyto alba at Tlogoweru Village, Guntur, Demak. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results showed that the most frequent daily activities carried out by Tyto alba are perching (393.67 minutes), flying (178.93 minutes), locomotion (62.7 minutes), eating (63.7 minutes), drinking (13.2 minutes), and making noise (6.77 minute).
JENIS-JENIS CRUSTACEA DI CAGAR ALAM TELUK KLOWE PULAU ENGGANO KABUPATEN BENGKULU UTARA
Authors: Duya Novia , Noveria Rista
Published: July 2020

Mangrove forest in Cagar Alam of Klowe Bay is one of the conservation forest on Enggano Island. Mangroves for serving as an ecological function that can keep from coastal abrasion. Mangroves can also be used as a habitat for water biota, one of which is crustaceans. The aim of this research is identification the types of Crustaceans in Klowe Bay Cagar Alam, Kahyapu Village, Enggano Island, North Bengkulu Regency. This research was conducted in January 2018 with exploration methods and the data were analyzed by descriptive qualitative. Based on theresults of the study, obtained 13 species, with the most genera found in Uca. The species found consist of Coenobita violascens, Uca annulipes, Uca boninensis, Uca crassipes, Uca dussumeiri, Uca tetragonon, Uca
Respon Tanaman Selada Merah (Lactuca Sativa L.) Terhadap Larutan Hara (AB Mix ) Pada Instalasi Horizontal Sistem Hidroponik
Authors: Satriawan Dedi , Aprillia Dwi Resti
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine the response given by the red lettuce plant to the provision of nutrients in the form of nutrient solution (AB Mix) on the horizontal installation of the hydroponic system. The study was conducted on December 20, 2017 until February 16, 2018 at the PKK Gardens Education Center in Bengkulu province. Seeding process of Red Lettuce Seedlings is carried out for 14 days then transferred to a net pot at the installation in the Greenhouse. Fertilizers with the Fiora A and B Brands are dissolved to be mixed in a nutrient bath with a capacity of 3000 L with a nutrient density of 500 ppm in the Greenhouse to be distributed to the horizontal installation of the hydroponic system inside the Greenhouse. Then growth observations were carried out on 10 plant samples with parameters of leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, stem height, andstem diameter for 30 days. The results obtained by sample 1-10 have an  average growth and development that is not much different. The maximum leaf length and leaf width parameters are in samples 2 and 3. While the highest number of leaf strands in sample 3 is 22 strands with an average of 18 strands and sample 4 has the highest stem height parameter of 3.5 cm with an average height 2.7 cm. The largest stem diameter in sample 4 is 4.1 cm with an average of 3.38 cm. The response of red lettuce after the last week showed symptoms of leaves that are less red with relatively more withered body.
Lithium pharmacogenetics. Two decades of studies
Authors: Sobczak Maciej D. , Pawlak Joanna M.
Published: July 2020

Pharmacogenetic research aims to elucidate associations of genetic variants and individual effects of pharmacotherapy. Personalised expected response to medications might be useful in prognosis for polygenetically determined disorders. In bipolar disorder (BP), that is partly hereditary polygenic disorder, a subgroup of patients excellently responding to lithium prophylaxis was described. During the last 20 years molecular technology allowed to investigate genome of patients treated with lithium and candidate association studies characterised them more precisely than clinical features. The role of several neurotransmitters’ pathways, second messengers, neuroprotection involved genes and clock genes associations were discovered. Further laboratory technics development enables us to perform genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses. We aimed to review research on genes involved in lithium treatment efficacy and safety. PubMed for English papers, articles published in Polish and reference lists from full-text available papers were searched. Pharmacogenetic findings for lithium treatment effects might help develop new personalised strategies and consequently better symptom reduction. So far, chronicity and recurrent course of bipolar disorder impair the functioning of numerous patients and strongly increase the risk of suicide.
Effect of ewe milk production on profitability of dryland lamb production systems
Authors: Muir P.D. , Wallace G.J. , Mccall D.G. , Dodd C.J.
Published: July 2020

A farmlet study was carried out over 2 years to examine the role of milk production in dryland lamb production systems. Poll Dorset ewes (high milk producers) were mated with Romney rams and Romney ewes (average milk producers) were mated with Poll Dorset rams to produce lambs of a similar genotype. As well as two levels of milk production, two fecundity treatments were used and farmlets were replicated. Farmlets were 2.9 ha and stocked at a rate of 15 ewes/ha. Farmlets were managed to ensure similar pasture covers at the start of winter and at lambing. Poll Dorset ewes produced more milk and in both years their twin lambs had a small but significant advantage in lamb growth rate. This resulted in earlier drafting of lambs and the ability to obtain early season premiums. In the low fecundity farmlets, net financial returns for Romney and Poll Dorset ewes were $605/ha and $676/ha (+ 12%) in Year 1 and $709/ ha and $762/ha (+ 7%) in Year 2. For the high fecundity farmlets, financial returns for Romney and Poll Dorset ewes were $637/ha and $818/ha (+ 28%) in Year 1 and $866/ha and $921/ha (+ 6%) in Year 2. The greatest financial benefits to increased milk production were achieved in high fecundity ewes in Year 1 when feeding during lactation was less than optimal and this resulted in a significant effect on the rate at which twin lambs were drafted to achieve early season premiums. Lambs failing to reach minimum drafting weights were also penalised because of the prevailing drought conditions and low market prices for lighter lambs. Keywords: breed, dryland, ewes, farming systems, fecundity, milk production, pre-weaning growth, profitability, sheep
Dirty habits - a basis for developing sustainable productivity
Authors: Rhodes A.P. , Mackay A.D. , Lambert M.G. , Krausse M.K. , Willis B.H. , Withell B.
Published: July 2020

Farmers have a far reaching impact in influencing the progress that is made in the sustainable management of New Zealand's natural resources. While some advocates are ready and willing to prescribe apparently "more appropriate" behaviour, the contribution to sustainability can be questioned. There is considerable evidence that there is a complex interaction between farmers' knowledge, attitude and behaviour, and economic, personal and community influences that shape the nature and extent of their individual response to the challenge of sustainable resource management. This paper will draw on the experience of working with farmers and community members in the Southern North Island to develop an approach to allow land users to better understand the soil and water resources of the farm. By using this knowledge, and their awareness of issues and values, farmers and community members were better able to consider options, evaluate alternatives, and balance the integration of sustainable resource management, economic, personal and social goals. A strong conclusion of the project was that farmers must have a comprehensive understanding of the soils and land resource of their farm. A feature of the project was the development of the concept of Land Management Units (LMUs) that are aggregations of soil or topographic units with closely related properties that form a practical farm management unit. LMUs provide the basis for evaluating the impact of current policies and management practice, generating ideas, evaluating risk, and developing options that are potentially more sustainable. The process of adopting LMUs is presented and discussed as the basis from which to evaluate the sustainability of land use practices. Keywords: environment, extension, farm management, land management units, land use, soil, survey, sustainability
Producing to market specifications - the challenge for the future
Authors: Manhire Jon
Published: July 2020

High-value consumer markets are demanding a continuously higher quality of products and enhanced food safety. In association with this, the increasingly competitive global market place and developments in information technology have catalysed the establishment of closer relationships and co-operation between participants in high-value supply chains. These closer relationships enhance the flow of information between participants and their ability to introduce strategies to improve efficiencies in supply as well as to decrease risks to consumers and others in the supply chain. These trends have significant implications to New Zealand farmers who will need to adopt systems to more effectively monitor and record their use of inputs and subsequent farm and stock management and make this information available to those further down the value chain. An inability to respond to these trends may result in farmers as well as processors, limited to servicing only relatively lower value markets. Keywords: agricultural sector, information technology, New Zealand, supply chain integration, supply chain management
Condensed tannins and gastro-intestinal parasites in sheep
Authors: Molan A.L. , Waghorn G.C. , Mcnabb W.C.
Published: July 2020

As the effectiveness of current anthelmintic drenches is being reduced by the emergence of drench resistance and significant production losses may still occur as a result of continuing larval challenge, strategies for nematode control should focus on preventing the build-up of infective larvae on pasture rather than treating the infection. This paper reports the effects of condensed tannins (CT) extracted from Lotus pedunculatus, Lotus corniculatus, sulla (Hedysarum coronarium) and sainfoin (Onobrychus viciifolia) on in vitro viability of eggs, first stage larvae (L1) and third stage larvae (L3) of the sheep nematode, Trichostrongylus colubriformis. When in vitro assays contained CT in a similar concentrations to that in the digestive tract of sheep fed these forages, the CT reduced the development of eggs to L3 larvae as well as the proportion of eggs hatching. The CT also reduced the development of L1 larvae to L3 larvae and decreased the motility of L3 larvae when assessed by the larval migration inhibition assay and this may reduce their infective capacity in vivo. If these forages are fed to grazing sheep, then it may be possible to reduce contamination of pasture with infective larvae and reduce our dependence on anthelmintics as the principal method for controlling internal parasites. Keywords: condensed tannins, drench resistance, egg hatching, larval development, Lotus, parasites, sainfoin, sulla, Trichostrongylus colubriformis
Timothy - the plant and its use on New Zealand farms
Authors: Charlton J.F.L. , Stewart A.V.
Published: July 2020

Timothy is an important pasture species in many cool-temperate regions of the world, particularly those with cold winters and moist summers. In New Zealand, this perennial grass has been used traditionally for mixed pasture in cool moist areas of the southern South Island. It is valued for hay as it retains good feed quality even when seedheads are present. Timothy's flowering and tillering response is different from perennial ryegrass, leading to a high tiller turnover in summer and making it vulnerable to mismanagement, pests and drought. Timothy's inherent digestibility and quality is no greater than perennial ryegrass but because of its late flowering nature, its quality is retained longer in pastures. This, combined with its lack of endophyte and higher clover content, commonly allows a greater animal performance from pastures. This paper reviews timothy's features and onfarm performance, explains how its features produce its characteristic performance, and considers its potential in current New Zealand grazing systems in different regions. Keywords: grazing, pasture, seeds mixtures, timothy
A practitioner's guide to pasture quality
Authors: Lambert M.G. , Litherland A.J.
Published: July 2020

Pasture quality has a major effect on performance of grazing animals. Intake and nutritive value of pasture are major determinants of liveweight gain, milk production, health and reproductive performance of livestock. Digestibility and metabolisable energy concentration are the two most commonly used measures of nutritive value in New Zealand. In some situations protein, soluble carbohydrate, and mineral and trace element concentrations are also important. Fungal toxins, parasite larvae or other deleterious compounds lower pasture quality by compromising animal health. Potential intake of high nutritive value herbage is also greater because of rapid speed of passage through the animal. The major determinants of nutritive value are botanical and morphological composition, the environment in which the pasture is growing, and the regrowth period (i.e., herbage age). Legume leaf has higher nutritive value than grass leaf, leaf has higher quality than stem, and dead material has very low quality. Herbage grown at cooler times of the year has higher nutritive value than when grown in warmer conditions, and quality declines with age more slowly. Grass leaf declines in nutritive value as it ages, as does stem to an even greater extent. Soil moisture has only minor direct effects on nutritive value. Fertiliser application has direct effects such as increasing protein (by fertiliser nitrogen use) or trace element concentrations (if added to the fertiliser). It also has indirect effects through changing botanical and morphological composition. Keywords: digestibility, metabolisable energy, nutritive value, pasture quality
Agroforestry in Eastern Otago: results from two long-term experiments
Authors: Cossens G.G. , Hawke M.F.
Published: July 2020

During the first 20 years of a Pinus radiata tree rotation, tree growth and pasture yield were assessed under a range of tree spacings at Invermay and Akatore, two coastal sites in Eastern Otago. Pasture yield in association with trees thinned to 100 stems per hectare (sph) was comparable to that from open pasture up to a tree age of 12 years. By the 19th year, however, pasture production declined to 63% of open pasture yield at Invermay and to 42% at Akatore. At 200 and 400 sph at Akatore, pasture yield was similar to that from open pasture at tree age 12 years but declined to 27% and 0% of open pasture yield respectively by year 20. At both Invermay and Akatore, the ryegrass and clover content of open pasture was relatively constant throughout the term of the trial. However, both the ryegrass and clover content of pasture beneath trees began to decline by tree age 12 years with a very rapid decline at Akatore in the number of pasture species at 200 sph by the 19th year. No pasture remained at 400 sph, after 19 years. Livestock carrying capacity with sheep on tree treatments at Invermay decreased from 100% of open pasture at year 6 to 60% by year 10. At Akatore, livestock carrying capacity averaged over the 20-year life of the trial was 4.1 stock units per hectare with a maximum of 8.1 stock units at a tree age of 8 years. Tree growth at both sites was similar, averaging between 1 and 1.1 m/year in height over 20 years, with trees at Invermay at 100 sph averaging 9% greater height and diameter growth than at Akatore. Increasing tree stocking from 100 to 200 to 400 sph at Akatore, resulted in increased tree height, but decreased diameter at breast height. A comparison of the East Otago trees with those in a similar trial at Tikitere (Rotorua) 900 km further north indicated that the southern trees were about 6 years later in their growth pattern by tree age 20 years. On both sites, soil pH tended to be lower in the presence of trees and was significantly lower than in open pasture by year 20. The results and comparisons with the Tikitere data suggest that, in an integrated agroforestry regime, there will be livestock grazing under the trees further into the tree rotation in Otago than in North Island sites. However, slower tree growth would result in a longer rotation time to harvest. Current recommendations to farmers are to plant trees on the less productive areas of the farm and adopt a tree stocking rate which fully utilises the site. Keywords: agroforestry, livestock, pasture, Pinus radiata, soil pH, tree stocking
An evaluation of a strategic de-stocking regime for dairying to improve nitrogen efficiency and reduce nitrate leaching from dairy farms in nitrate-sensitive areas
Authors: De Klein Cecile , Paton Jim , Ledgard Stewart
Published: July 2020

Strategic de-stocking in winter is a common management practice on dairy farms in Southland, New Zealand, to protect the soil against pugging damage. This paper examines whether this practice can also be used to reduce nitrate leaching losses. Model analyses and field measurements were used to estimate nitrate leaching losses and pasture production under two strategic de-stocking regimes: 3 months off-farm or 5 months on a feed pad with effluent collected and applied back to the land. The model analyses, based on the results of a long-term farmlet study under conventional grazing and on information for an average New Zealand farm, suggested that the 3- or 5-month de-stocking could reduce nitrate leaching losses by about 20% or 35-50%, respectively compared to a conventional grazing system. Field measurements on the Taieri Plain in Otago support these findings, although the results to date are confounded by drought conditions during the 1998 and 1999 seasons. The average nitrate concentration of the drainage water of a 5-month strategic de-stocking treatment was about 60% lower than under conventional grazing. Pasture production of the 5-month strategic de-stocking regime with effluent return was estimated based on data for apparent N efficiency of excreta patches versus uniformlyspread farm dairy effluent N. The results suggested that a strategic de-stocking regime could increase pasture production by about 2 to 8%. A cost/ benefit analysis of the 5-month de-stocking system using a feed pad, comparing additional capital and operational costs with additional income from a 5% increase in DM production, show a positive return on capital for an average New Zealand dairy farm. This suggests that a strategic destocking system has good potential as a management tool to reduce nitrate leaching losses in nitrate sensitive areas whilst being economically viable, particularly on farms where an effluent application system or a feed pad are already in place. Keywords: dairying, feed pads, nitrate leaching, nitrogen efficiency, productivity, strategic de-stocking
Effect of condensed tannins in Dorycnium rectum on its nutritive value and on the development of sheep parasite larvae
Authors: Waghorn G.C. , Molan A.L.
Published: July 2020

Sheep and laboratory trials have been undertaken to evaluate the potential value of Dorycnium rectum (Erect Dorycnium) for controlling gastrointestinal parasites. This perennial shrub grows to 3-4 m and can be cut or used as a browse forage. The leaves contain condensed tannin (CT) at about 20% of the dry matter (DM). Sheep were fed D. rectum to determine its digestibility and the effects of CT upon digestion. DM digestibility was 59.6% and increased to 63.6% (P
More feed for New Zealand dairy systems
Authors: Clark D.A. , Matthew C. , Crush J.R.
Published: July 2020

An upper limit to productivity of perennial ryegrass-white clover pastures in New Zealand at about 15 t DM/ha per year has been identified as a constraint to future increases in productivity. With potential yields of 26.6 t DM/ha per year from temperate grasses and 45 t DM/ha per year from maize at mid-latitudes, the challenge for New Zealand dairy farming systems is to achieve greater than 15 t DM/ha per year without imposing additional production or environmental costs. Given these constraints a major switch to crops is not feasible because those that produce more than pasture, e.g., maize, have insufficient crude protein to support lactation. Theoretically, a farm area allocation to 78% perennial ryegrass-white clover and 22% maize-winter oats could provide 23.3 t DM/ha per year at a crude protein content of 16%. This is greater than the 20 t DM/ha per year upper limit of irrigated perennial ryegrass-white clover. Incremental yield improvements of grasses and clovers by traditional plant breeding are low (1.5% per year), and difficult to capture. Future plant breeding gains are more likely to come from increased plant stress tolerance. Improved pasture monitoring to allow timely removal of constraints, will enable potential yields to be achieved. Biotechnology offers the possibility of improving the potential yield of net photosynthesis by 20% either through the transfer of genes from a C4 plant (e.g., maize) or a C3 plant (e.g., perennial ryegrass), or use of the major photosynthetic enzymes, rubisco, from a thermophilic alga. Biotechnology is also providing new knowledge about the control of plant development and response to stresses. The application of this knowledge may allow dairy farmers to achieve another 5 t DM/ha per year from perennial ryegrass-white clover pastures. Keywords: biotechnology, dairy, perennial ryegrass, photosynthesis, white clover, yield limitation
Calibrated Low-Order Transient Thermal and Flow Models for Robust Test Facility Design
Authors: Messenger Andrew , Povey Thomas
Published: July 2020

This paper describes an upgrade to high temperature operation of the Engine Component AeroThermal (ECAT) facility, an established engine-parts facility at the University of Oxford. The facility is used for high-TRL research and development, new technology demonstration, and for component validation (typically large civil-engine HP NGVs). In current operation the facility allows Reynolds number, Mach number, and coolant-to-mainstream pressure ratio to be matched to engine conditions. Rich-burn or lean-burn temperature, swirl and turbulence profiles can also be simulated. The upgrade will increase the maximum inlet temperature to 600 K, allowing coolant-to-mainstream temperature ratio to be matched to engine conditions. This will allow direct validation of temperature ratio scaling methods in addition to providing a test bed in which all important non-dimensional parameters for aero-thermal behaviour are exactly matched.
To accurately predict the operating conditions of the upgraded facility, a low order transient thermal model was developed in which the air delivery system and working section are modelled as a series of distributed thermal masses. Nusselt number correlations were used to calculate convective heat transfer to and from the fluid in the pipes and working section. The correlation was tuned and validated with experimental results taken from tests conducted in the existing facility. This modelling exercise informed a number of high-level facility design decisions, and provides an accurate estimate of the running conditions of the upgraded facility. We present detailed results from the low-order modelling, and discuss the key design decisions. We also present a discussion of challenges in the mechanical design of the working section, which is complicated by transient thermal stress induced in the working section components during facility start-up. The high-temperature core is unusually high-TRL for a research organisation, and we hope both the development and methodology will be of interest to engine designers and the research community.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK BIJI KOPI ARABIKA (Coffea arabica L.) TERHADAP HISTOPATOLOGI LAMBUNG TIKUS PUTIH GALUR WISTAR
Authors: Sri Tovani , Rubiyanti Rani
Published: July 2020

Di antara seluruh kandungan yang terdapat dalam kopi, kafein paling dikenal. Kafein apabila dikonsumsi berlebihan dapat meningkatkan ketegangan otot, merangsang kerja jantung, dan meningkatkan sekresi asam lambung. Ulkus dapat terjadi pada mukosa, submukosa dan sampai lapisan muskularis dari traktus gastrointestinal berhubungan dengan asam lambung yang mengandung HCl. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak biji kopi arabika (Coffea arabica L.) terhadap histopatologi lambung tikus putih jantan galur Wistar. Bahan uji ekstrak biji kopi arabika diperoleh dari ekstraksi biji kopi arabika yang dilakukan dengan metode Soxhlet menggunakan etanol 70%. Hewan uji yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah 25 ekor tikus jantan galur Wistar yang terdiri atas kelompok kontrol negatif (tidak diberi perlakuan), kontrol positif (diinduksi aspirin 30 mg/kg bb tikus) sebagai pembanding, ekstrak etanol biji kopi dosis I (0,12 g/kg bb tikus), dosis II (0,24 g/kg bb tikus), dan dosis III (0,48 g/kg bb tikus), dalam kurun waktu 30 hari. Hasil menunjukkan pada histopatologi tikus Wistar kelompok ekstrak etanol kopi dosis I terdapat gambaran yang serupa dengan kelompok kontrol negatif yaitu gambaran lambung normal. Histopatologi lambung tikus Wistar kelompok IV kelompok yang diberi ekstrak etanol kopi dosis II menunjukkan adanya limfosit sedikit, edema, dan dilatasi kapiler. Pemberian ekstrak etanol biji kopi dosis III menyebabkan adanya kerusakan pada lambung, perubahan histopatologi serupa seperti pada kelompok kontrol positif yang diinduksi aspirin.
Analysis of not Using the Multi-Year Contract Method in Directorate General of Islamic Education
Authors: Effendi Edy , Zunaidi Achmad
Published: July 2020

The application of multi-year budgeting is the implementation of the medium-term expenditure framework approach. Furthermore, the multi-year budgeting is carried out through the procurement of goods and services called the Multi-Year Contract. Multi-year budgeting provides certainty for the continued funding of activities/projects. Although, an activity/project that naturally lasts more than one fiscal year but not all planners use multi-year budgeting. This study reveals the background behind the policy of not using the multi-year budgeting method by spending unit in the Directorate General of Islamic Education, Ministry of Religion. The method used in this study uses quantitative research using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model. The results of the study indicate that the existence of laws and regulations regarding multi-year budgeting is the most important element as the main reason as the choice of multi-year budgeting compared with internal factors. The most important element of legislation is related to the absence or unclear rules. Meanwhile, the most important element of internal factors is the certainty of funding activities/projects.
Editorial: Technology-mediated learning in VET - Perspectives on changing educational landscapes in the 21st century
Authors: Messina Dahlberg Giulia , Gustavsson Susanne , Berglund Ingrid
Published: July 2020

No abstract available.
Att lämna en värld – om utgångsprocessen från Jehovas vittnen
Authors: Liedgren Dobronravoff Pernilla
Published: July 2020

Vad innebär det att komma till insikt om att allt det man hittills har trott varit sant är en illusion? Hur hanterar man en sådan situation och hur går man vidare? Artikeln behandlar exit-processer hos Jehovas vittnen som tvivlat på sin tro och lämnat organisationen.
Efter sekulariseringen: förändrade religiösa värden mellan generationer
Authors: Hagevi Magnus
Published: July 2020

»… rich societies are becoming more secular…«
Oförutsedda konsekvenser av dialog med självutnämnda muslimska ledare
Authors: Carlbom Aje
Published: July 2020

Syftet med artikeln är att peka på några av konsekvenserna som följer av att föra dialog med självutnämnda muslimska ledare. Innehållet vilar på två antaganden: i) muslimska ledare i Sverige och andra europeiska länder är i regel aktivister som är verksamma i den islamiska rörelsen och ii) deras ideologiska projekt bygger på ett totalitärt tänkande med målsättningen att avskilja muslimer från alla icke-muslimer i en islamiskt organiserad offentlighet.
Religiösa marknadsstrukturer, religiös pluralism och sekulariseringsprocesser
Authors: Hamberg Eva M.
Published: July 2020

Många av de europeiska länderna framstår i ett globalt perspektiv som starkt sekulariserade, och Sverige brukar av religionssociologer ofta beskrivas som ett av världens mest sekulariserade länder. Olika hypoteser har framförts om sekulariseringens orsaker. I denna artikel diskuteras betydelsen av religiösa marknadsstrukturer som bidragande orsaker till sekulariseringsprocesser, med särskild tonvikt på förekomsten eller frånvaron av religiös pluralism. Avslutningsvis diskuteras kortfattat, som exempel på sekulariseringens samhällskonsekvenser, de problem som vissa invandrare och flyktingar kan möta i det sekulariserade svenska samhället.
Social barnavård ur ett välfärdsperspektiv. Ekonomiska och materiella resurser, psykisk hälsa och tillgång till socialt stöd för ungdomar i familjehem och vid institutioner
Authors: Sallnäs Marie , Wiklund Stefan , Lagerlöf Hélène
Published: July 2020

Social barnavårdsforskning utgår i betydande utsträckning från ett behandlingsperspektiv. I denna artikel, däremot, rapporteras olika aspekter av placerade ungdomars välfärd. Genom att replikera nationella levnadsnivåundersökningar har vi undersökt välfärdsfaktorer bland ungdomar i familjehem och vid institutioner och gör jämförelser med ungdomar i normalpopulationer.
Föräldraskap och internet. Nya mötesplatser och informationsvägar kring det senmoderna föräldraskapet
Authors: Plantin Lars , Daneback Kristian
Published: July 2020

Internet har idag blivit en allt viktigare mötesplats för många föräldrar eller blivande föräldrar där man söker stöd och information kring föräldraskapet. Men, vad söker de för slags information på nätet och vilken betydelse har detta stöd för föräldrarna?
Välfärdsstaten och det ekonomiska sammanbrottet: Föreställningar om prestation, deltagande och social rättvisa
Authors: Aulenbacher Birgitte , Riegraf Birgit
Published: July 2020

Sedan 1990-talet har den ekonomiska utvecklingen gått mot att marknaden fått ett större inflytande, något som också förändrat hur vi tänker om till exempel vad en människa är. Denna artikel diskuterar vad detta får för konsekvenser för välfärdsstaten, hur innebörder i begrepp som prestation och rättvisa förändrats.
Bedömningar om barn i umgängestvister – förändrad argumentation om tid, omsorg och delaktighet?
Authors: Röbäck Karin
Published: July 2020

Barns delaktighet och vikten av barns skydd har nyligen förstärkts i familjerättslagstiftningen. I artikeln granskas på vilket sätt argumentationen i domar om verkställighet av beslut om vårdnad, boende och umgänge har ändrats efter lagändringen. Kan ett förändrat tidsperspektiv bidra till att kombinera omsorg om barn med barns delaktighet?
Kvinnors och mäns hjälp till sina gamla föräldrar – innehåll, omfattning och konsekvenser
Authors: Ulmanen Petra
Published: July 2020

Women’s and men’s lial care: extent, content and consequencesThis paper analyses the extent, content and consequences of caregiving for elderly parents from a gender and welfare state perspective using a nationally representative postal survey conducted in Sweden in 2013 (response rate 60.5 per cent, 3630 individuals, age 45–66 years). Negative consequences of filial care on well-being, work situation and employment were examined. The analysis confirms earlier research showing that filial care is common in Sweden but is less intense and has fewer negative consequences than in less generous welfare states. A quarter of both women and men gave filial care at least once a month, on average around 3.4 hours a week. Although men and women gave the same extent of filial care, it was more common among women to give the more demanding personal care as well as to experience mental and physical strain, difficulties in finding time for leisure activities and reduced ability to focus on their job. Although women retired earlier than planned due to filial care more often than men, this was very rare. Men and women, however, suffered to the same extent from difficulties in managing to accomplish their tasks, to take part in meetings, courses and travels, as well as having to reduce their working hours and quit their jobs. The content of care was crucial for the occurrence of negative consequences of caregiving, even when the analysis controlled for hours of care given. The more demanding the care tasks performed, the more common it was among both men and women that their well-being and work situation were affected. The correlation between care tasks and negative impact, however, differed between genders. The impact of managerial care was much higher for women than for men, which is discussed in relation to the decline of eldercare services and the lack of coordination of health and eldercare services.