bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peran Vegetasi Pantai dalam Menghadapi Ancaman Bahaya Pesisir
Authors: Melati Dian Nuraini
Published: January 2021

Pembangunan yang pesat di daerah pesisir menjadikan daerah pesisir beserta jutaan penduduk, infrastruktur, maupun aktivitas ekonomi yang ada memiliki risiko yang meningkat pula terhadap ancaman bahaya pesisir seperti erosi pantai, badai, kenaikan muka air laut dan juga tsunami. Oleh karena itu kesiapsiagaan dan mitigasi menjadi hal penting untuk melindungi dari bencana alam. Dalam hal ini, rekayasa struktur sering kali diimplementasikan dimana dalam proses pembangunannya dapat menyebabkan terganggunya ekosistem laut maupun darat. Alternatif lain yaitu dengan pemanfaatan zona penyangga alami vegetasi pantai. Struktur vegetasi pantai memiliki kemampuan mengurangi gelombang secara langsung dan secara tidak langsung, dapat mengurangi dampak yang ditimbulkan melalui stabilisasi dan pembentukan sedimen. Mangrove sebagai contoh dari vegetasi pantai relatif sering ditemukan di garis depan dalam hal kedudukan atau posisinya terhadap bencana pesisir. Mangrove mampu melemahkan arus gelombang, menangkap sedimen, dan membentuk tanah. Akar dari mangrove dapat menjebak sedimen, manambah tinggi permukaan, dan memberikan perlindungan terhadap kenaikan muka laut. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan studi literatur mengenai peran vegetasi pantai dalam menghadapi berbagai macam ancaman bahaya pesisir. Peran vegetasi pantai tersebut akan diuraikan pada masing-masing bahaya yang dapat mengancam daerah pesisir. Melalui studi ini dapat dilihat bahwa vegetasi pantai dapat memberikan manfaat dalam mengurangi ancaman bahaya pesisir. Oleh karena itu, usaha-usaha dalam melindungi keberadaan vegetasi pantai penting dilakukan karena dapat meminimalisir risiko akibat bahaya yang mengancam.
Atypical axillary lymphadenopathy mimicking an occult breast carcinoma in a patient diagnosed with sarcoidosis: case report
Authors: Clarke Paula , Valadares Carolina Nazareth , Pires Douglas de Miranda , Sá Nayara Carvalho de
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Occult breast carcinoma is a rare presentation of breast cancer, with histological evidence of axillary lymph node involvement and clinical and radiological absence of malignant breast lesions. Its survival is similar to that of the usual presentation. The treatment consists of modified radical mastectomy or axillary drainage with breast irradiation, resulting in similar survival, associated with systemic therapy according to the staging. Neoadjuvant therapy should be considered in N2-3 axillary cases. Differential diagnoses of axillary lymphadenopathies include: non-granulomatous causes (reactive, lymphoma, metastatic carcinoma) and granulomatous causes (infectious – toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, atypical mycobacteria). Objectives: To report the case of a patient who needed a differential diagnosis among the various causes of axillary lymphadenopathy. Methods: This is a literature review conducted in the PubMed database, using the keywords "granulomatous lymphadenitis", "breast sarcoidosis", "occult breast cancer". Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Case report: V.F.S., female, 51 years old, was referred to an evaluation of axillary lymphadenopathy in May 2019. She was followed by the department of pulmonology due to mediastinal sarcoidosis since 2017. Physical examination indicated breasts without changes. Axillary lymph nodes had increased volume and were mobile and fibroelastic. Mammography revealed only axillary lymph nodes with bilaterally increased density, and the ultrasound showed the presence of atypical bilateral lymph nodes. Neither presented breast lesions. Axillary lymph node core biopsy was compatible with granulomatous lymphadenitis. This result corroborates the diagnosis of sarcoidosis affecting peripheral lymph nodes. The patient was referred back to the department of pulmonology, with no specific treatment since she is oligosymptomatic. Discussion: Despite the context of benign granulomatous disease, malignancy overlying the condition of sarcoidosis must be ruled out. The biopsy provided a safe and definitive diagnosis, excluding the possibility of occult breast carcinoma. The patient will continue to undergo breast cancer screening as indicated for her age and usual risk. Conclusion: In the presentation of axillary lymphadenopathy, the mastologist must know the various diagnoses to be considered. The most feared include lymphoma and carcinoma metastasis with occult primary site. A proper workup can determine the diagnosis and guide the appropriate treatment.
Estimation of the level of alcohol consumption in Russia: A literature review
Authors: Razvodovsky YE
Published: January 2021

Background: the level of alcohol consumption per capita is an important indicator of the alcohol-related problems. However, it is difficult to estimate the real level of alcohol consumption, since part of the consumption comes from illegal sources. Aim: an overview of studies estimating the overall level of alcohol consumption in Russia. Methods: in this review, 9 articles were analyzed estimating the overall level of alcohol consumption in Russia. Results: in the period from 1956 to 2015 the overall level of alcohol consumption was subject to significant fluctuations: it grew almost linearly in the period from 1965 to 1979; decreased markedly in 1981; declined sharply between 1984 and 1987; rose sharply between 1991 and 1994; decreased significantly between 1995 and 1998; then increased significantly in the period from 1999 to 2003, after which it began to decline. The lowest estimate of the level of alcohol consumption for the entire period under consideration was obtained using the method proposed by Razvodovsky (7.25 litres - 1987), and the highest - using the method proposed by Norstrom (19.64 litres - 1994). Conclusion: despite a significant decrease in the level of alcohol consumption in Russia over the past decade, this level remains high.
Protestas sociales y cuestión social en América Latina contemporánea
Authors: Quiroga Marí­a Virginia , Magrini Ana Lucia
Published: January 2021

En América Latina asistimos a un tiempo de efervescencia de protestas sociales, las cuales han permitido visibilizar un extenso abanico de actores, demandas y repertorios. Algunas luchas se articulan entre sí­, pudiendo convocar múltiples protagonistas o suceder en distintos lugares; mientras que otras, se desarrollan como iniciativas eventuales y localizadas. Las demandas sociales son diversas, aunque en su mayorí­a reclaman los oí­dos de los medios de comunicación y la sociedad en general, procurando encontrar respuestas en los poderes gubernamentales. El presente artí­culo propone un abordaje y sistematización teórico-conceptual para el estudio de las protestas sociales en América Latina, para lo cual se plantea una mirada multidimensional e interdisciplinar que reconoce el carácter plural y heterogéneo de las protestas. Así­, en un primer momento del texto, se argumenta que las mismas resultan catalizadoras de la cuestión social y expresiones de conflictos y de la conflictividad social en el marco de la democracia. En una segunda instancia, se intenta sistematizar sus principales demandas y repertorios; y, en tercer lugar, se profundiza en torno a los posibles cambios y desafí­os de las protestas sociales en el marco de la actual pandemia.
Hacia una tipologí­a de conflictos socioambientales en hidroeléctricas: experiencias de casos mexicanos y colombianos
Authors: Mézquita Alonso Iván , Ruelas Monjardí­n Laura Celina , Hernández Cortez Noé
Published: January 2021

La construcción de presas es y ha sido severamente cuestionada por los impactos sociales, económicos y ambientales. El auge que experimentaron entre 1947 y 1960 disminuyó en las dos décadas siguientes. Sin embargo, ante el agotamiento de energí­as fósiles, se prevé un repunte de esta infraestructura. Ello ha llevado a ocurrir movilizaciones sociales y conflictos socioambientales. Dado que los conflictos no son fenómenos homogéneos, sino que dependen de factores como la participación ciudadana, es necesario conocer en qué medida los procesos participativos influyen en los conflictos socioambientales en torno a la construcción de infraestructura hidroeléctrica. Así­, el objetivo de este trabajo es proponer una tipologí­a de conflictos socioambientales que considere la influencia de la participación ciudadana en torno a la construcción de infraestructura hidroeléctrica, tomando como criterio que los conflictos pueden ir, en graduación sucesiva, desde sencillos desacuerdos sin mayor repercusión social hasta la violencia, involucrando grandes conglomerados. Se analizaron estudios de caso de México y Colombia. Entre los resultados más sobresalientes, se encontró que en los procesos de gestión para la construcción de las hidroeléctricas, en ambos paí­ses se presentaron procesos viciados por engaños, manipulaciones y chantajes por parte de las autoridades y de las empresas a cargo de los proyectos.
Vivir, educar y luchar en el campo. Acciones y coaliciones de pobladores rurales
Authors: Miano Marí­a Amalia , Rotman Joaquí­n , Heras Ana Inés
Published: January 2021

Analizamos acciones llevadas adelante por pobladores rurales de las provincias de Chaco y Buenos Aires para contrarrestar condiciones de precariedad vinculadas con los efectos del modelo agroindustrial. Interpretamos estas acciones como procesos de lucha social y polí­tica que: a) constituyen una apuesta por la vida, ya que son formas de vivir que se eligen por ser consideradas dignas; b) implican coaliciones, es decir, requieren de otrxs para lograr contrarrestar las condiciones de vulnerabilidad a las que buscan someterlxs; c) se orientan por significaciones acerca de la vida, la tierra, la educación y la salud, que interpelan los marcos jurí­dico-polí­ticos y socioeconómicos en que se encuentran insertas estas poblaciones rurales. Metodológicamente, analizamos la articulación de significados en torno a series semánticas. Concluimos que estas acciones pueden parecer lev s o pasar desapercibidas, pero que, con un encuadre conceptual y metodológico pertinente, son resignificadas como acciones polí­ticas, en tanto permiten sostener formas de vida en los propios términos en que eligen para vivir los pobladores rurales.
Impactos ecosociales de los parques eólicos en el istmo de Tehuantepec, México
Authors: Castañeda Olvera Domingo Rafael
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar algunos impactos ecosociales resultado de la puesta en marcha  de parques eólicos en el Istmo de Tehuantepec, al sureste de México. Buscamos sumarnos al debate respecto de la crí­tica al modelo económico imperante, que aprovecha el impulso del ambientalismo contemporáneo y la necesidad por encontrar alternativas al desarrollo, para capturar proyectos de generación de energí­a renovable bajo su lógica mercantilista, profundizando los escenarios de desigualdad en los habitantes de esta región y obstaculizando el combate a la pobreza energética que existe en el paí­s. Abordamos la problemática desde el análisis georreferencial, con la reflexión acerca de la percepción de los pobladores plasmada en diversos artí­culos periodí­sticos y la consulta de estudios de la gran biodiversidad de la región. Concluimos que la diversificación de la matriz energética en México debe encontrar mecanismos de inclusión de las comunidades en la toma de decisiones en cuanto a sus territorios, bajo el paraguas del diálogo de saberes, remarcando la necesidad de eliminar la lógica de mercado que cosifica al sistema natural.
Las articulaciones globales del campo colombiano: FENSUAGRO, el Coordinador Nacional Agrario y la Ví­a Campesina
Authors: Cepeda Carolina , Muñoz Londoño Julián
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo buscó comprender los procesos de articulación global que llevan a cabo los movimientos campesinos colombianos al trabajar articuladamente sus luchas una vez enmarcadas dentro del accionar global de La Ví­a Campesina (LVC). Las relaciones entre los movimientos locales y los globales serán vistas desde una lógica integral de la acción colectiva, que aborda tanto las identidades del movimiento campesino como sus estrategias y formas de organización. Se recurre a herramientas teóricas tanto de los movimientos sociales como de los marcos de acción colectiva. En ese equilibrio, es necesaria una lectura crí­tica del escenario internacional (neoliberal y moderno/colonial) ante el que responden los nuevos procesos de movilización campesina. Mediante una revisión documental acerca del accionar de los mayores movimientos campesinos colombianos parte de LVC, y un trabajo de campo se concluye que las experiencias de creación de plataformas polí­ticas, movilización, organización y formación polí­tico-técnica son muestras de los nuevos campos de acción conjunta campesina en Colombia, América Latina y el mundo en resistencia a un sistema global neoliberal.
Migración chilota en Magallanes: una lectura sociológica de la diferenciación social
Authors: Jorquera Navarro José Ignacio , Jaramillo Rojas Matí­as
Published: January 2021

En este artí­culo se pretende presentar una lectura sociológica de dimensiones de la diferenciación social que vivencian los y las migrantes internas de Chiloé en Magallanes. A través de realización de entrevistas cualitativas a migrantes llegados antes de 1980, se identifican dimensiones históricas y sociales de los procesos de inserción a una sociedad diferente y cómo se materializa el ser chilote, lo que tiene efectos hasta el dí­a de hoy. Se considera que las tradiciones conceptuales que describen la construcción de un otro a través de la noción de extranjero y migrante generan importantes rendimientos analí­ticos para procesos de migración interna, y a partir de ello, se concluye que la diferenciación y discriminación de chilotes en Magallanes tiene un carácter más latente que manifiesto, pero estable en el tiempo que se reproduce hasta la actualidad.
Pilar Calveiro, Resistir al neoliberalismo. Comunidades y autonomí­as. Siglo XXI, México, D.F., México, 2019.
Authors: Jiménez Elsa Ivette
Published: January 2021

Reseña
New data on the latest stress state of the earth’s crust on Sakhalin Island (based on structural and geomorphological indicators of tectonic stress)
Authors:   Schmidt Institute of Earth Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sim L.A. , Kamenev P.A. ,   Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bogomolov L.M. ,   Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2021

To verify the ideas about neotectonic and modern stresses of Sakhalin, we analyze structural and geomorphological signs of the stress state of this region, discovered during field work in 2019–2020. Along with updated field measurements using the structural-geomorphological method, data on crustal deformation based on GPS/GLONASS measurements are presented. Data from geophysical studies (seismological and borehole methods) are given. The identification of three types of areas with different geodynamic regime: transtension, transpression and strike – slip (simple shift) is confirmed. Variations of the current stress field at the boundaries of regions with different geodynamic regime for the formation of new faults are noted. Northern Sakhalin has specific directions of compression axes of neotectonic stresses, expressed in North-Eastern orientations, in contrast to the prevailing sublatitudinal orientations on the entire island. Studies have shown that in the south of Sakhalin, the border between the Amur and Okhotsk microplates runs along the West Sakhalin fault rather than the Central Sakhalin fault.
On the stress drop in North Eurasia earthquakes source-sites versus specific seismic energy
Authors:   Research Station of Russian Academy of Sciences in Bishkek City, Sycheva N.A. , Bogomolov L.M. ,   Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2021

A generalization of the results on the stress drop and the specific seismic energy for the earthquakes in Northern Eurasia has been made. The relationship of these parameters with the seismic moment and the magnitude has been analyzed. Detailed studies for the Northern Tien Shan (Bishkek geodynamic polygon) were carried out, the values of the dynamic parameters of the sources for 183 earthquakes of various energy classes (K = 8.7–14.8) were obtained: angular frequency, spectral density parameter, scalar seismic moment, source radius, stress drop level, seismic energy and specific seismic energy. Two models have been used to compute the source radius and the stress drop – the Brune approach and the improved Madariaga–Kaneko–Shearer model. For relatively weak events, a power-law dependence (regression) of the stress drop on the scalar seismic moment M0 has been identified, that complies with the results on the power-law dependence of the specific seismic energy on M0 in a number of other regions of Northern Eurasia. The relationship between the type of source movement and the stress drop level has been noted as well.
Seismoacoustic observations using molecular-electronic hydrophones on Sakhalin and the South Kuril Islands (Kunashir Island)
Authors:   Sakhalin Branch of the Geophysical Survey, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kostylev D.V. ,   Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Boginskaya N.V. ,   Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2021

The article presents the main characteristics and studies spectral and recording capabilities of experimental samples of three types of molecular-electronic hydrophones with different sizes of electrochemical converting cells, which were installed in the central part of the south of Sakhalin Island and on Kunashir Island (southern part of the Kuril ridge) at the end of 2018. A hydrophone on a new technological basis (with an increased sensor sensitivity relative to previously conducted studies) was approved on Kunashir Island. Equipment of this type was used for observations on the territory of the Sakhalin region for the first time. As a result of continuous seismoacoustic observations on Kunashir Island, in seven cases out of 35 studied (from May 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020) earthquakes, a low-frequency anticipatory signal (LFAS) was detected, and all seven events had a depth of hypocenter of more than 80 km. In the area of the Central Sakhalin fault, in addition to the possibility of registering the LFAS, spectral features in the recording of waveforms were studied for different conditions of instrument installation. It is shown that the influence of such atmospheric factor as wind load significantly affects hydrophones located in a shallow water body and a shallow open borehole. It is shown that the influence of such atmospheric factor as wind load significantly affects hydrophones located in a shallow water body and a shallow open borehole. However, molecular-electronic hydrophones have demonstrated the ability to fully record seismic events regardless of the installation conditions of the equipment.
Penerapan Menejemen Risiko Pada Pengelolaan Koperasi Pegawai Republik Indonesia (KPRI)
Authors: Wibisono Yusuf
Published: January 2021

This study aims to examine the development of the management of the Employee Cooperatives of the Republic of Indonesia (KPRI) in Lumajang Regency. Where some cooperatives can run well and achieve achievements that can be proud of, some others are less well developed, some have problems, some KPRI are no longer active. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, the research method uses interview methods and documentation. Also supported by a literature review that is relevant to the subject matter. This study provides a systematic  overview of the management of KPRI in Lumajang Regency as it is. From several KPRI in Lumajang Regency, there are KPRI-KPRI that can carry out their roles and functions significantly in the welfare of their members. But there are some KPRI that are not healthy and finally can not work anymore. Of the 57 KPRI who are still active as many as 46 KPRI, the remaining 11 are not active. The main contributing factor is being unable to overcome the risk of trying. Thus, managers are required to be able to implement risk management in running cooperatives, by minimizing risk, transferring risk, controlling risk and risk funding.
Determinants of Dividend Policy
Authors: Paramita Ratna Wijayanti Daniar
Published: January 2021

This study aims to analyze the influence of Free Cash Flow, Profitability, Liquidity and Leverage on Dividend Policy. This research was conducted at manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in the Consumer Goods Industry sector in the 2015-2018 period. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression analysis. This study used purposive sampling technique to obtain samples according to the specified criteria. The number of companies based on the criteria in the study were 13 companies. The results of this research are free cash flow, liquidity, and leverage have no significant effect on dividend policy, while profitability has a significant positive effect on dividend policy.
ANALYSIS OF THE CALCULATION OF PRODUCTION COSTS AND SELLING PRICES IN UD. BINA USAHA BAGUSARI
Authors: Sugiarti Juniar , Sochib Sochib , Eka Pratiwi Yanna
Published: January 2021

Business (company) is an organization that provides a variety of goods or services for sale with the aim of obtaining profits. Accounting calculations on companies are needed at the production price and selling price at a company. In this case then direct this research in the calculation of production prices and selling prices. The data needed in this study can be obtained through documentation and field research. The data obtained in this analysis uses the Descriptive Quantitative method, based on the analysis shows that the calculation of production costs and selling prices using the calculation method carried out by the UD with the calculation of production costs using the variable costing method is lower than the calculations made by the company. Because the variable costing method calculates the variable costs associated with the production process and selling prices while the calculation method applied by the company lists all costs including variable overhead costs and fixed overhead costs. So that there is a difference in production costs and selling prices according to company methods and variable costing methods.
Clozapine Is Better Tolerated in Younger Patients: Risk Factors for Discontinuation from a Nationwide Database in Japan
Authors: Toyoda Katsunori , Hata Takeo , Yamauchi Shigeru , Kinoshita Shinya , Nishihara Masami , Uchiyama Kazuhisa , Inada Ken , Kanazawa Tetsufumi
Published: January 2021

Objective The effectiveness of clozapine is clearly superior to other antipsychotics in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia. Clozapine leads to various side effects, and therefore many patients are forced to discontinue. In this study, we analyzed the registry database of all cases in Japan to identify risk factors for discontinuation of clozapine.Methods The Clozaril patient monitoring service® (CPMS) database from July 31, 2009 to January 26, 2020 was acquired. We defined the following exclusion criteria: patients who had ever taken clozapine by a non-CPMS method, such as an individual import or clinical trial, patients who did not receive clozapine after being enrolled in CPMS, and patients with initial doses other than 12.5 mg (outside the current protocol). Therefore, all patients in this study are new users. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to investigate independent risk factors associated with time to discontinuation of clozapine.Results We identified 8,263 patients as the study population. Clozapine discontinuation was significantly associated with age 40 and older [hazard ratio (HR)=1.66, p<0.001], intolerance to olanzapine (HR=1.31, p=0.018), previous treatment with clozapine (HR=1.30, p=0.001), and leukocyte counts <6,000/mm3 (HR=1.24, p<0.001). The Kaplan-Meier curves for clozapine discontinuation by age group revealed that older age at the time of clozapine introduction tended to have lower continuation rates.Conclusion Careful administration is important because patients with these factors have a high risk of discontinuation. In addition, the initiation of clozapine during the younger period was more effective and more tolerated.
Thermophysical properties of glass-ceramic material during thermal insulation of pipelines of heating mains and utilities
Authors:   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Apkaryan A. S. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Kulkov S. N. ,   Tomsk State University,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2021

It is proposed to use porous heat-insulating glass-ceramic material (SCM) in the form of segments based on glass, plasticizer, organic additives and a gas generator for thermal insulation of pipelines of heating mains and utilities. Research on the use of SCM in pipelines was carried out according to the key methodology for studying new materials: composition, structure, properties, their changes under the influence of external factors, application. The basis for determining the effectiveness of thermal insulation materials for thermal insulation of pipes was on the physical and technical characteristics of the coolant, pipes and thermal insulation materials. During the study, heat losses and thermal resistances through the insulated surface of the supply and return pipelines of heat networks were determined when installed on the surface. When calculating the heat loss through the pipe using various heat insulators, the layer thickness was assumed to be the same value. Studies have shown that when using a shell made of granular SCM, the heat loss transmitted by thermal conductivity is 1.36 times less than that of a vermiculite shell, 2.45 times than that of mineral wool segments and 2.11 times than that of brand 500 sovelite shells. The use of products made of granular glass-ceramic material (SCM) significantly reduces heat loss and the thickness of the heat-insulating layer of pipelines, and saves fuel and energy resources.
Development of welding fluxes for hardfacing based on the mineral raw materials of the far eastern region
Authors:   Far Eastern State Transport University, Makienko V. M. , Atenyaev A. V. ,   Far Eastern State Transport University, Belous T. V. ,   Far Eastern State Transport University
Published: January 2021

This paper presents the results of the research aimed at the creation of the ilmenite-fluorite welding flux using mineral raw materials of the Far Eastern region. The authors have performed thermodynamic calculation based analysis of the possible physical and chemical processes in the slag system. The experimental research we have conducted resulted in the mathematical dependencies that allow selecting flux components that would ensure the desired properties of the hard facing surfaces formed. Experimental overlay welding sessions were performed to determine the welding-technological characteristics and properties of the welded deposit. The results of the research show that the flux, consisting of 50 % of the mineral components extracted in the Far Eastern region and of 50 % of the standard flux АN22 is basic (В = 1.46) and has a low oxygenation capacity (А = 0.22). This facilitates reduction processes in the slag bath and, as a consequence of, results in obtaining high quality weld deposit. High level mechanical and performance properties of the coatings formed is maintained due to the reduction of alloying elements and possible formation of carbides (CrFe)7C3 or (CrFe)23C6, alloyed cementite (CrFe)7C3 and other substances. As an example, overlay welding under AN22PK-DMS flux produces the maximum content of chrome in the welded deposit of 12 – 15 %, and the maximum content of manganese of 6 %.
Dicarboxylate-substituted octacalcium phosphates for hydrogel filling and resorbable ceramics fabrication
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Materials Science, Tikhonov A. A. , Klimashina E. S. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Evdokimov P. V. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Kukueva E. V. ,   National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Biryukov A. S. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Putlayev V. I. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Scherbackov I. M. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Dubrov V. E. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine
Published: January 2021

The main features of the synthesis of carboxylate-substituted analogs of octacalcium phosphate Ca8(HPO4)2(PO4)4·5H2O (OCP) by hydrolysis of brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O) and tricalcium phosphate α-Са3(РО4)2 (α-TCP) in buffer solutions based on the salts of succinic, adipic, and citric acids were summarized. The synthesis of succinate-substituted (Suc@OCP) and adipinate-substituted (Adi@OCP) OCPs gives the powders with Ca8(HPO4)2 – xАx(PO4)4·zH2O (А = Suc, Аdi) composition. Thermolysis of substituted OCPs results in a mixture of β-Са3(РО4)2 (β-TCP) and hydroxyapatite Са10(РО4)6(ОН)2 (HAp). Thermolysis features include the absence of an apatite-like decomposition product of pure OCP and higher decomposition temperatures compared to the pure OCP. Suc@OCP and Adi@OCP powders were used for the filling of hydrogels based on polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) for the creation of a deformable composite implant by a stereolithographic 3D printing method, and fabrication of biphasic TCP/HAp ceramics.
Calculation of the parameters of mechanical properties of the heart muscle
Authors:   A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Muslov S. A. , Lotkov A. I. ,   A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Arutyunov S. D. ,   A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Albakova T. M. ,   A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
Published: January 2021

A review of studies of the mechanical properties of human and animal heart tissues has been performed. Based on literature data, a form of approximating function is found for the dependence of the Young’s modulus of the ventricles of the human heart on the magnitude of the deformation. The average values of the Young’s modulus and other elastic constants were calculated and compared with the known experimental values. The coefficients C1 and C2 of the two-parameter hyperelastic myocardial Mooney-Rivlin model are calculated.
Melting ranges of heterophase systems Zr – Si – ZrB2 – ZrSi2-MoSi2 and Zr – Si – HfB2 – HfSi2 – MoSi2
Authors:   Scientific-Educational Center of SHS MISIS–ISMAN, Zinovyeva M. V. , Sanin V. V. ,   National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, Pogozhev Yu. S. ,   Scientific-Educational Center of SHS MISIS–ISMAN, Levashov Ye. A. ,   Scientific-Educational Center of SHS MISIS–ISMAN, Astapov A. N. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute,   Scientific-Educational Center of SHS MISIS–ISMAN
Published: January 2021

The work is devoted to studying the melting ranges of the base Zr – Si eutectic composition depending on the content of the heterophasic powder component in the ZrB2 – ZrSi2 – MoSi2 and HfB2 – HfSi2 – MoSi2 systems in an amount of 30 – 90 % obtained by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). The melting range of the mixture Zr – Si was 1420 – 1440 °C, while the addition of SHS-powders ZrB2 – ZrSi2 – MoSi2 led to an increase in the melting onset temperature Тmelt.onset to 1460 – 1560 °С and the complete melting temperature Tmelt.complete to 1480 – 1670 °C. The addition of HfB2 – HfSi2 – MoSi2 powders had a weak effect on the values of Тmelt.onset (1390 – 1430 °С), but led to an increase in the values of Tmelt.complete to 1510 – 1550 °С. X-ray phase analysis showed that the remelted samples contained ZrB2/HfB2, ZrSi2/HfSi2, MoSi2 phases and Si, with the number of phases being directly proportional to the content of SHS powders in the composition of the Zr – Si mixture. The ingots were characterized by a homogeneous structure consisting of a silicon matrix, ZrSi2/HfSi2, MoSi2 disilicide grains, with ZrB2/HfB2 diboride inclusions.
Physical mechanism of work of microwave devices cathodes with osmium
Authors:   Russian Technological University Moscow Institute of Radio Engineering, Electronics and Automatics, Kapustin V. I. , Li I. P. ,   Pluton JSC, Moskalenko S. O. ,   Pluton JSC, Shumanov A. V. ,   Pluton JSC, Zalialiev R. R. ,   Russian Technological University Moscow Institute of Radio Engineering, Electronics and Automatics, Kozhevnilova N. E. ,   Pluton JSC
Published: January 2021

Emission properties of the traditional metal porous cathodes (MPC) are determined by oxygen vacancies in BaO crystallites and the surface located oxygen vacancies forms the acceptor type surface states in accordance with it take place the distorting of energy zones to up. In cathodes with osmium the osmium atoms are dissolved in BaO crystallites and then formed the donor type surface states in accordance with it take place the distorting of energy zones to down and the decreasing of work function. All investigations were made by using of optical spectroscopy, electron spectroscopy for chemistry analysis, spectroscopy of the characteristic electron energy loses.
Functional properties of foam concrete with ultra-small additives of carbon nanotubes
Authors:   Tambov State Technical University, Sldozyan R. D. , Tkachev A. G. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Mikhaleva Z. A. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Burakov A. E. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Burakova I. V. ,   Tambov State Technical University
Published: January 2021

We studied the properties of foam concrete based on Portland cement, modified with of the ultra-low concentration carbon nanotubes addition. Carbon nanotubes (Taunit-24) with a mass percentage of 0.0004, 0.0006, 0.0008, 0.001 and 0.0012 % by weight of cement were used for the dispersed reinforcement of foam concrete based on Portland cement. To determine of the modified concrete samples strength characteristics an IP-M testing machine was used. The results of the study showed that the use of the carbon nanotubes additives in concentrations of 0.0004, 0.0006, 0.0008 % allows to gradually increase the compressive strength compared to the control sample. The compressive strength increase on 1, 12.4 and 68 %, respectively, and gradually decreases at concentrations of 0.001 and 0.0012 % from 55.5 to 45.7 %, respectively. A positive effect of the carbon nanotubes additive (0.0004, 0.0006 and 0.0008 %) is also noted when testing the bending strength by 3.7, 13.7 and 33.7%, respectively. With a further increase in the additive content (0.001 and 0.0012 %), the strength decreases to 20 and 14.8 %, respectively. When assessing water absorption, a decrease was showed with additives with concentrations of 0.0004 and 0.0006 %. However, at high concentrations of additives (0.0008, 0.001 and 0.0012 %), the highest percentage of water absorption was established.
Heat-resistant RuAl-based alloys. Part II. Powder alloys — preparation by reaction sintering
Authors:   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Povarova K. B. , Morozov A. E. ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Antonova A. V. ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bulakhtina M. A. ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Drozdov A. A. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise (FSUE) I.P. Bardin Central Research Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2021

Refractory (Tm = 2100 °C), heat-resistant ruthenium monoaluminide RuAl, lighter (ρ = 7.97 g/cm3) than Ni superalloys, is considered as a promising candidate material for operation at high temperatures and relatively low loads in high-speed gas oxidizing flows at temperatures higher not only the twork, but also the melting point of both nickel superalloys and nickel and titanium aluminides. RuAl is also an ideal candidate for potential use in protective coatings. In the second part of the article, the possibilities of obtaining alloys based on RuAl directly from the initial powders of ruthenium and aluminum are considered by combining the temperature-time modes of reaction sintering (RS), the sequence and intensity of pressure application during RS, without the use of specialized equipment for obtaining initial powders of a given composition and without restrictions on the particle size distribution of the original powders.
Use of Raman spectroscopy for determination effective heat treatment of carbon materials in high-temperature furnaces
Authors:   JSC Research Institute for Graphite-Based Structural Materials NIIgrafit, Samoilov V. M. , Nakhodnova A. V. ,   JSC Research Institute for Graphite-Based Structural Materials NIIgrafit, Osmova M. A. ,   JSC Research Institute for Graphite-Based Structural Materials NIIgrafit, Verbets D. B. ,   JSC Research Institute for Graphite-Based Structural Materials NIIgrafit, Bubnenkov A. N. ,   JSC Research Institute for Graphite-Based Structural Materials NIIgrafit, Steparyova N. N. ,   JSC Research Institute for Graphite-Based Structural Materials NIIgrafit, Gareev A. R. ,   JSC Research Institute for Graphite-Based Structural Materials NIIgrafit, Fateeva M. A. ,   JSC Research Institute for Graphite-Based Structural Materials NIIgrafit, Shilo D. V. ,   Research and Technology Institute for Electrocoal Materials NIIEI, Ovsyannikov N. E. ,   JSC Research Institute for Graphite-Based Structural Materials NIIgrafit
Published: January 2021

The aim of this work is to evaluate the use of Raman spectroscopy of carbon fibre-based (CF) reference samples for establishing the heat treatment temperature (HTT) in high-temperature (1000 – 3000 °C) furnaces used in production of a series of carbon materials. Based on obtained correlational relationships between Raman spectroscopy parameters and HTT, the use of the ID/IG parameter is suggested for obtaining the most exact and reproducible results. An experimental basis for the use of polyacrylonitrile-based (PAN) CF as reference specimens is provided. It is shown that for PAN-based CF samples treated in the high temperature interval (1000 – 3000 °С) the ID/IG parameter correlates well with X-Ray diffraction analysis parameters. A series of Raman spectroscopy of reference specimens potential uses the in determination of effective HTT of carbon materials in technological processes of production of carbon-carbon based composite materials, artificial graphites and PAN-based CF’s and in the determination of temperature fields of laboratory and industrial equipment for high-temperature treatment of carbon materials in the temperature interval 1000 – 3000 °C, specifically Tamman, vacuum electric resistance and Acheson furnaces, are examined.
Una interpretación equilibrada de la posición original de Rawls
Authors: Crego Jorge
Published: January 2021

Este estudio pretende ofrecer una interpretación de la posición original de Rawls coherente con el conjunto de su teoría de la justicia. Se evalúa la naturaleza de dicho mecanismo y se ofrece una solución a los solapamientos existentes entre sus componentes. Se propone considerar a las restricciones formales como «conclusiones parciales», excluyéndolas de la posición original. La posición original, como «etapa intermedia» dirigida a representar los fundamentos filosóficos de la teoría de Rawls, no puede incluir directamente rasgos de dichos principios, ni siquiera formales. El resto de elementos de la posición original (la idea de contrato, las circunstancias de la justicia, el velo de la ignorancia y la racionalidad de las partes), actuando conjuntamente, permiten deducir las propias restricciones formales y, además, generan los mismos efectos sobre la exclusión del egoísmo como propuesta de principios de la justicia.
La posición original de Rawls: crítica al desinterés mutuo de las partes
Authors: Martín-Lanas Javier
Published: January 2021

El artículo analiza críticamente la premisa del desinterés mutuo de las partes, una de las condiciones de la posición original que Rawls expone en su Teoría de la Justicia. Para ello, debido a su similitud con las condiciones de la posición original, se utiliza el delito de omisión pura. En línea con la crítica comunitarista a la concepción del yo rawlsiana, se argumenta que la premisa del desinterés mutuo no es la concepción de persona más apropiada para alcanzar la imparcialidad de los principios de justicia elegidos por las partes.
Apuntes de sociología biojurídica a partir de la edición genética germinal
Authors: Insanguine Mingarro Ferdinando A.
Published: January 2021

Objetivo del presente artículo es poner de relieve las contradicciones de la relación entre bioética y bioderecho que, lejos de ser un problema meramente teórico, tiene un impacto real en las reglamentaciones de las innovaciones en el campo de la biomedicina. Con el ánimo de demostrar esa fuerte conexión de la cuestión aparentemente teórica con la praxis, el ensayo, dotado de una metodología inductiva, moverá sus primeros pasos a partir de las técnicas de edición genética germinal. En la primera parte del trabajo se aclararán matices científicos de dichas técnicas y se presentarán los primeros avances de la reglamentación jurídica que tienen su origen en el Consejo de Europa. Finalmente, a través de los límites y contradicciones de la reglamentación supuestamente biojurídica de la edición genética germinal se pondrá en evidencia la asimetría que domina en la relación entre bioética y bioderecho. ---The goal of this article is to stand out contradictions in the relationship among bioethics and biolaw that, far from being merely a theoretical quandary, has a real impact in the regulations of innovations in the biomedical field. Aiming to show that strong connection between the apparently theoretical question with the praxis, the essay, with an inductive methodology, goes straight showing the first steps of regulation of the germ-line gene editing. In the first part of the article, after a summary about the scientific highlights of germ-line gene editing, we undertake an investigation on the juridical regulation of germline-gene editing, based on the Council of Europe’s provisions. Finally, showing the limitations and contradictions of these supposedly biojuridical regulations, we highlight the dominant asymmetry in the relationship among bioethics and biolaw.
Rawls, el derecho y el hecho del pluralismo
Authors: Moreso Mateos José Juan
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN En este trabajo se analizan las principales ideas de John Rawls acerca de la naturaleza del derecho y del razonamiento jurídico. Partiendo de un trabajo de Ronald Dworkin (2004), y básicamente de acuerdo con él, se exponen las críticas dworkinianas a la doctrina rawlsiana de la razón pública, y se presenta un modo en el cual Rawls podría replicarlas. El objetivo del trabajo es mostrar la fecundidad de las ideas rawlsianas para nuestra concepción del derecho en sociedades democráticas, caracterizadas por el hecho del pluralismo.
El nudo roto entre Derecho, mercado y política. Un marco psicoanalítico
Authors: Alemán Laín Pedro
Published: January 2021

Este artículo ofrece una aproximación psicoanalítica al Derecho en el contexto de un mercado global como el actual. El propósito es explicar la ruptura entre Derecho, mercado y política, como consecuencia de la globalización económica, y proponer un esquema para pensar su posible articulación. Para explicar la ruptura entre Derecho, mercado y política, se describen tres modos de relación con el Derecho en la evolución de la economía de mercado, en analogía con los modos de relación con la ley edípica en las tres estructuras psíquicas que define Lacan (psicótica, neurótica, perversa); la conclusión es que el modo de relación con el Derecho en el contexto económico actual corresponde a una estructura perversa. Para pensar la posible articulación entre Derecho, mercado y política, se recurre a una analogía con los tres registros de lo psíquico según Lacan -Simbólico, Imaginario, y Real-, y al concepto de sinthome, como solución singular que permite anudar esos tres registros.
El principio de diferencia y la aceptación de las desigualdades
Authors: Ribotta Silvina
Published: January 2021

La Teoría de la Justicia de Rawls es, sin duda, la teoría de la justicia más relevante de la filosofía moderna, y ha tenido (y sigue teniendo) inmenso y riquísimo impacto en la generación de investigaciones y debates. De los múltiples posibles, analizaré la tensión y la complejidad que se presenta para la igualdad y la libertad desde la lectura de los principios de justicia rawlsianos. Concretamente, desde el principio de diferencia, que es el que distribuye los bienes sociales del ingreso y la riqueza e instituye la posición social del más y del menos aventajado. Leyéndolo con medio siglo a las espaldas, haré un repaso general de los aspectos básicos de la teoría para detenerme de manera directa en el principio de diferencia analizándolo desde la crítica que considera a Rawls un autor insuficientemente igualitario.
Actualidad y vigencia de Teoría de la Justicia de J. Rawls: a propósito de la perspectiva de M. C. Nussbaum
Authors: Panea-Márquez José Manuel
Published: January 2021

Se han cumplido cincuenta años desde la publicación de Teoría de la Justicia. Sin duda, la obra de J. Rawls marcó un hito fundamental en la historia del pensamiento político del siglo XX. Nuestro trabajo se pregunta hasta qué punto la justicia como imparcialidad sigue siendo una referencia fundamental en el pensamiento político actual. Para ello abordamos la propuesta de M.C. Nussbaum. Nos planteamos si el enfoque de las capacidades de Nussbaum es realmente una continuación o supone una verdadera ruptura con la propuesta de Rawls. Y a partir de las objeciones de Nussbaum a Rawls, nos interrogamos por el presente y el futuro de una obra que, a nuestro juicio, después de medio siglo, parece tener todos los ingredientes necesarios para ser verdaderamente un clásico del pensamiento político.
Segregación y/o racismo. ¿Elección de centro educativo por las familias?
Authors: Hernández-Castilla Reyes
Published: January 2021

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo conocer las razones por las cuales las familias seleccionan las escuelas para sus hijos. Forma parte de una investigación más amplia sobre la Democracia en la Escuela (I+d+i). Este artículo pretende visibilizar situaciones de racismo en la escuela, y cómo toman decisiones las familias mediadas por su origen étnico. Es un estudio fenomenográfico realizado con padres y madres, de diez centros públicos en una localidad de la Comunidad de Madrid, pertenecientes a las Asociaciones de Padres y Madres. Los resultados que aquí se muestran pertenecen a un caso en Educación Infantil y Primaria, en la que la principal razón de elección es la cercanía al hogar por razones socioeconómicas, así como de expectativas familiares. En él se muestra que el sistema fracasa en la inclusión, la alternativa del cambio no existe, no hay varias opciones para la elección.  La exclusión y el acoso, fuerzan a una segregación por origen étnico más allá del criterio familiar de escolarización.