bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nobel laureates in economics in the XXI century. Volume 2
Authors: Hudokormov Aleksandr , Demina (Dimieva) , Fomina Viktoriya , Mescheryakov Anton , Lepehova Yuliya , Sadygova Natavan , Ryabchevskaya Yuliya , Maslov Gleb , Karpuhina Natal'ya , Triger Viktoriya , Rumyancev Nikita , Islamova Yana , Bannikova Viktoriya , Nelyubina Alena , Temirbulatova Kamilla , Chirkova Margarita , Danilenko Ekaterina , Kanashkina Anastasiya , Korobkova Nataliya , Vereshko Anna
Published: August 2023

Volume 2 includes articles dedicated to the winners of the Nobel Prize in Economics for 2010-2019: P. Diamond, K. Pissarides, T. Sargent, K. Sims, L. Shapley, Y. Fama, L.P. Hansen, R. Schiller, J. Tirol, A. Deaton, O. Hart, R. Thaler, W. Nordhaus, A. Banerjee, M. Kremer. The biographies of scientists, their main ideas are considered, the contribution to the development of economic theory is evaluated.
For students of economic universities and anyone interested in economic theory and the history of economic thought.
Constitutional law of foreign countries
Authors: Komarova Valentina , Gromova A. , Dzhavakyan G. , Dudko I. , Zabelina Elena , Zaikin Sergey , Iksanov Il'ya , Kolmakov Stanislav , Osavelyuk Aleksey , Pibaev I. , Torop Yu.
Published: August 2023

Various tasks in form and content are presented to test professional competencies on each topic of constitutional (state) law of foreign countries (General part) and the foundations of constitutional (state) law of individual countries — the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the United States of America, the French Republic, the Federal Republic of Germany and the People's Republic of China (Special part).
The workshop provides for discussion of theoretical problems, preparation of presentations, answers to questions, work on tests, as well as analysis of specific court cases and decisions of authorities, writing author's works by students based on comparative legal analysis of legislation of foreign countries, solving situational problems, conducting business games.
For students and teachers when conducting seminars on the constitutional law of foreign countries in all forms of education.
ADAPTATION AND INTEGRATION OF EMPLOYEES AS ONE OF THE KEY TASKS OF A MODERN MANAGER
Authors: Gurova YEkatyerina
Published: August 2023

In the conditions of the modern world, where new technologies are constantly appearing, new fi rms, organizations, companies are opening, more and more individual entrepreneurs are appearing, or existing business projects are simply expanding, the need for constant hiring of personnel is only increasing. The appearance of new employees in the organization, as a rule, slows down the activities of the organization, since each newly arrived employee comes with his own unique experience from other places of work or positions, someone comes fi rst (without work experience at all), everyone has their own views on professional activities and personal values, and not necessarily these views will coincide with the views of the organization as a whole and the team in particular. The adaptation of personnel in an organization is an important link in human resource management. In the end, when a person becomes an employee of an organization, he faces a number of diﬀ erent organizational problems that cannot be solved without the help of colleagues and management. The beginner must accept and adapt to the new professional and socio-psychological conditions of work. Managing the adaptation of new employees in a team is an important link in the personnel management chain. Creation of an eﬀ ective employee adaptation mechanism allows to reduce initial costs, reduce staﬀ turnover, form a loyal attitude of an employee from the fi rst days of his work in the company, which creates incentives and a desire to work in the organization.
SOCIAL REGULATORS OF STAFF LOYALTY
Authors: Perfil'eva M.
Published: August 2023

The article notes that the loyalty of the staff is of great interest in science. The interest in loyalty is just as high among the management of organizations, which is not due to the simple socio-economic conditions in which Russian business finds itself. Great interest in loyalty also opens up a research problem: loyalty programs developed at enterprises do not always ensure that loyalty is maintained at the proper level. This article is devoted to the resolution of this problem. In it, the author proposes a set of tools for regulating the loyalty of personnel in an organization. Tools by themselves do not have a regulatory effect on loyalty. In order for the tools to start functioning, a structure is needed that uses them. As such a structure, usually, there are divisions of personnel management services, sometimes, such a structure may be a trade union loyal to the organization. The main mission of the structure that regulates the loyalty of personnel is the implementation of the principle: to serve one’s company with interest. Such a principle is unlikely to ever be fully realized. But this is a very important social landmark of the company, to which it is necessary to set the employees. At the same time, like any social landmark, it is effective as long as the individual associates his personal success with it. The success of an organization’s loyalty programs depends to a large extent on the valid use of loyalty tools by the structures designed in organizations to regulate loyalty. The validity of loyalty instruments depends on how much they correspond to the goals of the company and the conditions for the implementation of this company’s business.
INTERDISCIPLINARY TOOLS FOR ACKNOWLEDGING THE ROLE OF SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS IN ESTABLISHING THE LIFESTYLE AND BEHAVIOR OF SOCIAL OBJECTS
Authors: Smetanina T.
Published: August 2023

This article is devoted to studying the possibility of using interdisciplinary tools in sociological research. The model of V. V. Leontiev is one of the mathematical tools that make it possible to evaluate the considered set of social objects for the possibility of carrying out further sociological research with it. This tool can be used as an element of a quantitative strategy. The empirical basis of the study was the results of data monitoring carried out as part of the substantiation of the theory of the penetration of international management standards into the activities of social facilities located on the territory of the Russian Federation. The period of time covering the assessment of the behavior of social objects was from 1993 to 2021. The study shows that the key characteristics that determine the behavior of social facilities when international quality management standards are introduced are their size, type of activity, and geographical location. Factors that largely predetermine the behavior of social facilities in the context of the penetration of international quality management standards into their activities are historical, demographic and geographical. The consideration of the penetration theory is based on the hierarchy of social objects (scalar chain), which represents their interconnection and mutual influence on each other. To substantiate the possibility of classifying this tool as sociological monitoring, in the article we considered the typification of industries based on the results of their activities and the application of this typification to justify the dissemination of international quality management standards throughout Russia, based on the theory of penetration. Based on the results of using the model of V.V. Leontiev in sociological research, we identified the risks of sociological research in ongoing quantitative strategies, as well as the role of the social component in the phenomenon we studied.

The article focuses on changing the lifestyle and behavior of social objects through organizations belonging to social sectors. Social sectors, which include educational institutions, are prevailing in changing the standards of society.
Le livre du chapitre perdu du prieuré de l’Artige
Authors: Lemaitre Jean-Loup
Published: August 2023

The book of the office of the chapter was in use in most medieval canonical and monastic communities, and it finds its accomplished model in the second half of the ninth century, with that of the Parisian abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, whose centerpiece is Usuard's martyrology, if not the autograph then at least a copy revised by the author, as shown by dom Jacques Dubois, BnF, ms. lat. 13745, f. 1–2, Letter from Usuard to Charles the Bald; f. 3–89, Historical Martyrology; f. 90–156, Rule of St Benedict; f. 157–183, Necrology of Saint-Germain-des-Prés. To these texts was sometimes added later a homiletic capitulary (lectionary of the prime) and the necrology could be inserted in the margins of the martyrology, or even in a space reserved for this purpose after each laterculus, both texts being built on a Roman calendar. What was the situation in Limousin, in the diocese of Limoges, rich in monastic and canonical communities, with one of the main abbeys of the kingdom, Saint-Martial? There is nothing left in the local archives and libraries, and five manuscripts are kept in Paris at the BnF: three from Saint-Martial, which entered there in 1730 with what remained of the abbey library, one from the abbey of Solignac, and another from the Friars Minor of Saint-Junien, manuscripts from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. However, the papers of a learned priest from Limoges, Abbot Martial Legros (1744–1811), kept in the departmental archives of the Haute-Vienne in Limoges, in the collection of the former seminary, contain important extracts from a lost chapter book, that of the priory of l’Artige, founded around 1160 by two Venetian noblemen, Marc and Sebastian, and entrusted to the regular canons. At the end of the Ancien Régime, the manuscript was in the hands of a collector, Martial de Lépine, who passed it on to Abbé Legros. It has been lost since then. Written around 1226, it included a martyrology of Usuard with necrology in the margin of the eulogies and, in a second codicological part, the statutes of the priory for the years 1292 to 1401. It is the eulogies preserved by Legros, above all from the local auctaria to the Usuard’s text, witness to the Limousin sanctuary, that are published in this contribution.
W służbie reformy zakonnej. Schola caelestis exercitii
Authors: Kaliszuk Jerzy
Published: August 2023

The purpose of the article is to analyse a small text, known as Schola caelestis exercitii, and to determine a role of this work in a monastic reform conducted in the fifteenth century. The text was probably written in the second half of the fourteenth century in Bohemia and was propagated mainly in the circle of monasteries which were reformed in the fifteenth century and remained in the environment of “new devotion”. One of the messages is contained in a manuscript of the Polish National Library (ref. number 12542 II). The codex was written in the years 1462–1473. It contains a collection of texts which represent the moral theology. The texts were copied primarily by Maciej from Pełczyn and Jan of Kamieniec, the Benedictines of the Holy Cross Abbey in Świętokrzyskie Region. The scribes were connected with an internal reform of his monastery, conducted by the abbot Michał from Kleparz. Duo to a selection of texts, the manuscript served as a self-dependent reading of monks, leading to the spiritual and ascetic progress. The work itself, Schola caelestis exercitii, belonging to the parenetic literature, included general instructions concerning worthy life, and through its universal character it was interesting not only in the monastic environment but also among secular readers. The edition of the text from the Warsaw manuscript has been attached to the article.
Uniate Convents of the Kyivan Metropolitanate in the Early Modern Period. Between the Byzantine-Ruthenian Identity and Latin Influences
Authors: Dukh Oleh
Published: August 2023

Eastern models of monastic life spread to Ukrainian and Belarusian lands from Byzantium. Thefirst female Orthodox monasteries in Kyivan Rus appeared shortly after the adoption of Christianityby Prince Volodymyr the Great (988). Instead, the first women’s Uniate monasteries appearedin the Rzeczpospolita after 1596, when most of the hierarchs of the Kyiv Orthodox Metropolisconcluded a union with the Roman Church in Brest, founding the Uniate Church. The “cradle”of the Uniate monasticism is considered to be the Trinity Monastery in Vilnius. Its nuns were involvedin the foundation or reform of a number of monasteries in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.Favorable circumstances for the Uniate Church and its monasticism came only at the end of theseventeenth – beginning of the eighteenth century. At this time, we record about 30 cells. The great territorial changes that occurred in the Uniate Church required the unification of theliturgical sphere. Also, the Church needed to more clearly define its identity in matters of doctrineand organization. These and other factors caused Metropolitan Leo Kiszka to convene a councilin Zamość in 1720. This council also paid attention to the problems of women’s monasteries. Itsdelegates raised the issues of observance of the vow, control of the bishop over the monasteries,novitiate and profession, dowry of candidates, election of the abbess, education of girls in themonastery, competence of monastic confessors. The decisions of this assembly on female monasticismtestify to the influence of both Eastern and Western traditions. Its fathers preserved the mainprinciples of monastic life inherent in the Christian East: the independence of monasteries, theirsubordination to the authority of the local bishop, and the election of the abbess by the community.However, Zamoyski resolutions also adopted some models approved by the Council of Trent, aswell as papal constitutions and Latin canon law (enclosure, magister novitius, etc.).During the eighteenth century, the Eastern tradition was preserved in the monasteries of theKyivan Uniate Metropolitanate. Some changes made by the Zamoysky Council were not intendedto depart from the Eastern tradition, but only to improve the functioning of the monasteries undernew conditions. Rather, these changes were adopted in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, where nunnerieshad long been developing the Uniate tradition, which contained certain Latin borrowings.Instead, in the monasteries of Lviv and Przemyśl dioceses certain changes will be obvious only atthe end of the eighteenth century.
Razem w obronie ideałów monastycznych. Kongregacja benedyktyńsko-cystersko-kartuska w Rosji carskiej
Authors: Witkowski Rafał
Published: August 2023

The article reveals the circumstances of the monastic congregation created in the early nineteenth century by the Benedictines and Cistercians, who were joined by the Carthusians. In this way, Catholic monastic communities, existing in Tsarist Russia and resisting the anti-Catholic policies of the Russian authorities, attempted to preserve the principles of monastic life. The monasteries belonging to the monastic congregation were consequently suppressed by the Russian authorities, which led to its complete liquidation in 1864. The appendix contains a list of monks (Benedictines, Cistercians, Carthusians) who resided in the monasteries during the congregation’sexistence (1803–1864).
Olgierd Górka o Lubiążu (Z prehistorii wrocławskiej mediewistyki)
Authors: Cetwiński Marek
Published: August 2023

In 1911, Olgierd Górka, a pupil of Stanisław Zakrzewski, encouraged by his master, published inLviv a monography titled Studya nad nad dziejami Śląska. Najstarsza tradycja opactwa cystersóww Lubiążu [Studies on the History of Silesia. The Oldest Tradition of the Cistercians’ Abbey in Libiąż].In the Polish historiography, this thesis, almost forgotten today, is the first modern monographyon issues of the Silesian Middle Ages. Górka was inspired by Zakrzewski’s ideas, i.e. a concept thathistory means permanent rivarly between nations, where the preservation of identity is a stake.Following his master (who was an activist of the National Democracy at that time and got inspirationfrom the political thought of Roman Dmowski), Górka believed that the history of Poland,beginning from the medieval German colonisation, consist in “the impulse of national self-defenceagainst the flood of Germaneness”. This anti-German tone was accepted by Ewa and KarolMaleczyński, pupils of Zakrzewski, who were creating the field of Wrocław medieval studies after1945. They also accepted, clear in the Górka’s thesis, the methods of historical workshop assigninga particular role to the so-called auxiliary sciences of history, especially to diplomatics. The analysisof Górka’s thesis, included in the article, completely justifies an opinion about Lviv “prehistory”of the field of Wrocław medieval studies, being created after 1945, both in terms of science andancillary character of the field manifested towards the politics and the national interest of the Polishstate at that time.
Buying the Verdict
Authors: Cohen Lauren H. , Gurun Umit G.
Published: August 2023

We document evidence that firms systematically increase specialized, locally targeted advertising following the firm being taken to trial in that given location, precisely following initiation of the suit. In particular, we use legal actions brought against publicly traded firms over the 20-year sample period that progress to trial between 1995 and 2014. In terms of magnitude, the increase is sizable: targeted local advertising increases by 23% (t = 4.37) following the suit. They focus their advertisement spikes specifically toward jury trials, and in fact specifically toward the most likely jury pool. Last, we document that these advertising spikes are associated with verdicts, increasing the probability of a favorable outcome.

This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance.

Funding: We gratefully acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation [Grant SciSIP-1535813].

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4896 .
Design of a Retransmitted Chipless Tag based on Multi-state Resonators
Authors: Huang Nengyu , Ma Zhonghua
Published: August 2023

In order to increase the encoding capacity and reduce the size of the tag, this paper proposes the frequency sharing method to design a retransmitted chipless tag, which is composed of N resonators, a coupled microstrip transmission line, and the orthogonal transmitting antenna and receiving antenna. A pair of the same size resonators is placed symmetrically on both sides of the coupled microstrip transmission line. M open-ended stubs (OES) with different combinations are embedded in each resonator to obtain different resonance frequencies. The frequency sharing multi-state resonators’ chipless tags are designed where N=6, M=4, and the dimension of the tag is 46 mm × 30 mm, which can generate about 212 codes. Simulation and measurement results show good agreement and feasibility of the tag design. The chipless tag is small in size, has large encoding capacity and is easy to print. This kind of tag has no silicon chip so the cost is low. It can be widely used in logistics, supermarkets and other fields to replace the barcode.
Unusual Case of Long Head of Biceps Tendon Synovial Chondromatosis
Authors: Kumar C Yashavantha , Patil Vishal , Prajwal Kumar , Reddy B M Santhan Kumar
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Synovial chondromatosis is a rare benign tumor involving the major joints. This condition results from metaplasia of synovium into chondrocytes leading to formation of multiple loose bodies. Extra articular glenohumeral joint synovial chondromatosis involving long head of biceps is very rare. Case Report: A 38-year-old male presented with history of insidious onset, dull aching pain in right shoulder for 6 months. Clinicoradiological examination revealed calcific mass around the long head of biceps tendon. The calcific mass and loose bodies were removed en bloc. Histopathological examination concurred to be synovial chondromatosis. Conclusion: We hereby report a rare case of long head biceps tendon synovial chondromatosis of shoulder which was successfully treated by combined arthroscopic and open method. The results of surgical excision are excellent. Keywords: Long head biceps, synovial chondromatosis, metaplasia.
Open Displaced Fracture of Acromion with Associated Complete Supraspinatus Tear: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Bartakke Girishchandra , Mate Gaurav , Gaware Shreya , Padmane Sagar
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Isolated acromion fractures are rare and in that too, orthopaedicians rarely come across open acromial fractures. Hence literature regarding their management, outcome and any associated complications is obscure. In an extensive search for literature related to our case we found very few articles. We hereby report a case of Gustilo IIIA open acromial fracture with associated supraspinatus, deltoid and capsular injury managed with tension band wiring (TBW) and soft tissue repair with 6 month follow up. Case Report:A 21-year-old male was admitted in our hospital for wound of right shoulder with pain and inability to move this arm with a history of direct trauma with sharp object 3 days back. On examination, a wound 15 cm in length on the superior aspect of the right shoulder with its depth extending up to the glenohumeral joint was noted. The glenohumeral joint was exposed with a Gustilo Anderson type IIIA acromion fracture and injury of supraspinatus and capsule with no associated vascular or neurological injury. Wound was thoroughly irrigated and was used to approach the fracture site for repair. Capsule of shoulder was carefully closed with absorbable suture followed by suturing of supraspinatus with non-absorbable suture. Our initial plan to fix the acromial fracture to spinous process of scapula with 2 4 mm cannulated cancellous screw placed orthogonal to fracture site was modified intraoperative due to screw cut out and we went ahead with TBW with 1 screw and 1 Kirschner wire to prevent further fragmentation of the fragment. Wound was healing and healthy. Patient was started on a passive pendular exercises after 4 weeks and active exercises at 6 weeks. Six months postoperatively patient had complete range of shoulder rotation with forward flexion of 80° and abduction possible till 45°. Patient was able to do most of his activities of daily living barring overhead activities. Conclusion: As there are very limited cases of this sort of injury, this case report will cast a light on management options and outcomes of such injuries. We received fair results in our study with good healing and painless functional shoulder joint. However, long term and multi centric studies are required for further information pertaining to such scenarios. Keywords: Open acromial fracture, open supraspinatus tear, tension band wiring.
Bilateral Synchronous Olecranon Apophyseal Fracture in a Teenager: A Case Report
Authors: Macedo Fernando , Marques Marta , Costa João , Rocha Miguel , D’ Ambrosi Riccardo , Moura João
Published: August 2023

Introduction: While elbow fractures are frequently observed in children, isolated apophyseal detachments of the olecranon are rare, accounting for just 1.7% of all elbow fractures in healthy children. These fractures have been found to have a large positive likelihood ratio for osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Within the population of patients with OI, the incidence is 13.5%, with 6% sustaining bilateral fractures. There are, however, very few reports of synchronous bilateral fractures. Case Report: A 15-year-old boy sustained a bilateral olecranon apophyse fracture, AO/OTA 21u-M/7 (displaced on the right side and minimal displacement on the left) after a low-energy fall. The patient was submitted on the same day to surgical treatment (open reduction and internal fixation with AO tension band wiring technique) on the right elbow and nonoperative treatment with a cast on the left side. Exome sequencing excluded mutations related to OI. Conclusion: Apophyseal avulsion fractures of the olecranon may not be pathognomonic of OI, However, orthopedists should exercise caution and remain alert to the potential occurrence in patients who experience displaced, isolated olecranon fractures due to low-energy mechanisms, particularly if they have a history of previous fractures. The clinical genetic evaluation was recommended because of clinical suspicion of OI and because patient management can be significantly influenced by genetic testing, particularly when a genetic syndrome is identified. Keywords: Olecranon apophyseal fracture, osteogenesis imperfecta, bilateral synchronous fracture.
Gracilis Free Flap in a Patient with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Lemons Wesley , Hampton Dallas , Satalich James , Cinats David
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Free tissue transfer in the sickle cell population presents many challenges to the reconstructive surgeon. There are few reported cases of successful free tissue transfers within the sickle cell population. The majority of successful cases involve fasciocutaneous free flaps with few successful muscle flaps. This case report describes the successful utilization of a gracillis free flap to reconstruct a multifocal soft tissue defect following a closed distal tibia fracture in a patient with sickle cell disease (SCD). Case Report: This is a 20-year-old female with past medical history significant for sickle cell anemia, cardiomyopathy secondary to a ventricular septal defect and multiple occurrences of osteomyelitis who underwent gracilis free flap transfer to reconstruct soft tissue loss around the ankle after surgical fixation of a left pathological tibia fracture. Conclusion: The use of free flaps in sickle cell patients has shown to be extremely challenging due to the high risks of sickling and subsequent pedicle thrombosis associated with this population. However, there have been an increasing number of successful cases of free tissue transfers with most of these flaps arising from muscular origins. Therefore, more cases regarding free flaps in the sickle cell population are needed to fully understand the best protocols to follow. The techniques utilized among successful cases, regarding protocols prior to the surgery along with successful graft location selection, can help advance future cases and shows promise for future sickle cell patients. Keywords: Gracilis Free flap, sickle cell disease, lower limb defect, comminuted fracture.
Pure Bilateral Perilunate Dislocation of the Carpus: An Uncommon Case in a Military Parachutist during a Jumping Accident
Authors: Ba Papa
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Perilunate dislocations are uncommon injuries requiring high-energy trauma. They are responsible for serious lesions that can compromise the function of the limb. We report a case of pure bilateral perilunate dislocation in a parachutist while landing. Case Report: The case involved a 30-year-old military officer of special forces who underwent closed trauma to both wrists following an automatic opening parachute jump. He had first consulted a garrison medical center where a wrist sprain had been treated. Given the persistence of the pain, he was referred to our clinic 2 months later. X-rays of the wrists showed bilateral perilunate dislocation, type 1 on the right and type 3 on the left, according to the Witvoët and Allieu classification. Surgery was indicated with 2 open scapholunate and lunotriquetral pins. The post-operative course was simple, with a complete resumption of professional activity after 9 months. Conclusion: Perilunate dislocations of the carpus are uncommon injuries that often go unnoticed. They can also occur after a parachute landing. Treatment must be surgical. Keywords: Bilateral, semilunar dislocation, parachutist.
Epistemology of the Curtain: Sex, Sound, and Solidarity in Singin' in the Rain and Sorry to Bother You
Authors: Honig Bonnie
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Singin' in the Rain (Donen and Kelly, 1952) and Sorry to Bother You (Boots Riley, 2018) carry a common thread: one (mostly) enacts and the other subverts the "epistemology of the curtain." The curtain, iconic to sound studies' acousmatic sound objects, is a figure of forensic knowing, but Sorry queers it, decentering Singin 's curtained couples with a crowd and highlighting, maybe even repairing, the raced dance theft that Carol Clover first traced in Singin '. Harlem's Black Hoofers of early twentieth-century dance, usually unremunerated and uncredited, return with a vengeance in Sorry as the equisapiens that Cash Green first encounters in a men's room. Where Schaeffer named Pythagoras as a figure for sound studies, the queered curtain of sound studies might call, rather, for Pan.
Augustine's Use of Didymus the Blind on John 5.19
Authors: Beckwith Carl L.
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Augustine cites the beginning of Didymus's De Spiritu sancto in his Quaestiones in Heptateuchum , which he began in 419. Some scholars think that Augustine read no more than the beginning of Didymus's work; others think that he read and made use of Didymus but have identified no textual correspondence between the two. I argue that Augustine's use of Didymus's De Spiritu sancto may be seen in his citation and interpretation of John 5.19. Augustine uses an unusual scriptural variant for the ending of John 5.19 twelve times. Nine of these occur in trinitarian works produced around 419–20. The variant also appears in Jerome's translation of Didymus's De Spiritu sancto . There is further evidence linking Augustine to Didymus's discussion of John 5.19. I argue that Augustine found the variant in Jerome's translation and that he made creative use of Didymus's construal of John 16.13 and 5.19 in several trinitarian writings produced around 419–20.
Incest and the Maintenance of Episcopal Consensus in the Vita s. Albini
Authors: Halfond Gregory I.
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Usually dated among the earliest of Venantius Fortunatus's hagiographical works, the Vita s. Albini describes a dispute between Bishop Albinus of Angers and his episcopal colleagues at an ecclesiastical council. At the council, the saintly bishop was forced to lift an order of excommunication that he had placed upon an unnamed layperson guilty of incest. While modern scholars occasionally have attempted to identify this event with known Gallo-Frankish councils of the mid-sixth century, the information supplied by the Vita does not, in fact, support a secure identification, leaving open the possibility that the confrontation took place at an otherwise-unknown council ca. 536/7–42. Further complicating previous efforts to contextualize the dispute has been a general neglect of the narrative's compositional context. Writing in the aftermath of a case of royal incest that occurred in late 567 c.e., Fortunatus seems to have had this specific case in mind in composing his narrative, utilizing a conflict by then safely in the past as a literary device to address a current and controversial problem: the pressure exerted by secular elites to divert bishops from their corporate moral imperatives. The hagiographer cast Albinus himself in a role analogous to that of Bishop Germanus of Paris, who recently had risked martyrdom in excommunicating King Charibert I, following a failed conciliar effort to convince the king to end his uncanonical marriage. Fortunatus thus explored through Albinus's experiences the real difficulties facing bishops who were expected as a consequence of their membership in a common ordo to serve as spiritual counselors to the powerful.
"From the Works of Nature … to the Institutions of Man": How Political Moderation Made Possible the Constitution's Ratification
Authors: Estes Todd
Published: August 2023

Abstract: The ratification debate of 1787–1788 unfolded in distinct stages and the stage which began early in January 1788 was the most important. It saw the introduction of political moderation which blended both stylistic and substantive elements to enable compromise across a vast gulf of differences between Federalists and Anti-Federalists. Ultimately, moderation was the mechanism and the approach that enabled the Federalists to win the ratification contest. James Madison and John Jay—who were themselves defining examples of political moderation—helped lead this crucial turn, first through written words and later through their actions. But just as important as the turn toward political moderation was the timing of that pivot. In other words, when Madison and Jay took these actions in the context of the debate mattered greatly. This article examines the practice of moderation within the immediate context of the ratification process so that we can better understand the key interventions made by Madison and Jay and discover why the timing of their political moderation was so crucial.
Engineering angle selectivity of extraordinary optical transmission and nonlocal spatial filtering
Authors: Chang Hanbyul , Yeo Minsu , Kim Sun-Je , Jeong Yoonchan
Published: August 2023

Plasmonic metasurfaces can provide rich opportunities for miniaturized analog optical computing, such as ultrathin spatial filtering and free-space wavefront differentiation. In this work, the extraordinary optical transmission (EOT), one of the most fascinating phenomena of plasmonics, is revisited and rigorously studied in terms of the angle selectivity of the transmission resonance. In particular, the fundamental mechanisms of angle-selective transmission in 1D plasmonic nanoslit metasurfaces are investigated. Based on temporal coupled mode theory and Fano resonances, it is elucidated that the angle selectivity is due to strong coupling between multiple resonance channels. Using the theory that explains the origin of angle selectivity, the basic design rules for nonlocal lowpass and bandpass spatial filters based on infinite periodic metasurface structures were determined and verified numerically. Furthermore, the effect of the finite size of the metasurface structures on the nonlocality of the EOT was investigated and formulated by both a full numerical calculation and an analytical scalar wave approximation based on the convolution theorem together with the optical transfer function obtained for the infinite periodic structures. It is expected that the formulation of angle-selective EOT will be fruitfully exploited for the development of ultrathin designer spatial filters required for coherent imaging processes in compact Fourier optics applications.
Rapid memory encoding in a recurrent network model with behavioral time scale synaptic plasticity
Authors: Li Pan Ye , Roxin Alex
Published: August 2023

Episodic memories are formed after a single exposure to novel stimuli. The plasticity mechanisms underlying such fast learning still remain largely unknown. Recently, it was shown that cells in area CA1 of the hippocampus of mice could form or shift their place fields after a single traversal of a virtual linear track. In-vivo intracellular recordings in CA1 cells revealed that previously silent inputs from CA3 could be switched on when they occurred within a few seconds of a dendritic plateau potential (PP) in the post-synaptic cell, a phenomenon dubbed Behavioral Time-scale Plasticity (BTSP). A recently developed computational framework for BTSP in which the dynamics of synaptic traces related to the pre-synaptic activity and post-synaptic PP are explicitly modelled, can account for experimental findings. Here we show that this model of plasticity can be further simplified to a 1D map which describes changes to the synaptic weights after a single trial. We use a temporally symmetric version of this map to study the storage of a large number of spatial memories in a recurrent network, such as CA3. Specifically, the simplicity of the map allows us to calculate the correlation of the synaptic weight matrix with any given past environment analytically. We show that the calculated memory trace can be used to predict the emergence and stability of bump attractors in a high dimensional neural network model endowed with BTSP.
Localization of oskar mRNA by agglomeration in ribonucleoprotein granules
Authors: Eichler Catherine E. , Li Hui , Grunberg Michelle E. , Gavis Elizabeth R.
Published: August 2023

Localization ofoskarmRNA to the posterior of theDrosophilaoocyte is essential for abdominal patterning and germline development.oskarlocalization is a multi-step process involving temporally and mechanistically distinct transport modes. Numerous cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors have been identified that mediate earlier motor-dependent transport steps leading to an initial accumulation ofoskarat the posterior. Little is known, however, about the requirements for the later localization phase, which depends on cytoplasmic flows and results in the accumulation of largeoskarribonucleoprotein granules, called founder granules, by the end of oogenesis. Using super-resolution microscopy, we show that founder granules are agglomerates of smalleroskartransport particles. In contrast to the earlier kinesin-dependentoskartransport, late-phase localization depends on the sequence as well as on the structure of the splicedoskarlocalization element (SOLE), but not on the adjacent exon junction complex deposition. Late-phase localization also requires theoskar3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR), which targetsoskarto founder granules. Together, our results show that 3′ UTR-mediated targeting together with SOLE-dependent agglomeration leads to accumulation ofoskarin large founder granules at the posterior of the oocyte during late stages of oogenesis. In light of previous work showing thatoskartransport particles are solid-like condensates, our findings indicate that founder granules form by a process distinct from that of well-characterized ribonucleoprotein granules like germ granules, P bodies, and stress granules. Additionally, they illustrate how an individual mRNA can be adapted to exploit different localization mechanisms depending on the cellular context.
How do symptoms of each joint contribute to global pain, disease activity and functional disability in rheumatoid arthritis?—A comprehensive association study using a large cohort
Authors: Umemoto Akio , Ito Hiromu , Azukizawa Masayuki , Murata Koichi , Tanaka Masao , Fujii Takayuki , Onishi Akira , Onizawa Hideo , Ishie Shinichiro , Murakami Akinori , Nishitani Kohei , Murakami Kosaku , Yoshitomi Hiroyuki , Hashimoto Motomu , Morinobu Akio , Matsuda Shuichi
Published: August 2023

Background

Established assessment tools for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including disease activity scores (DASs), disease activity indexes (DAIs), visual analog scales (VASs), and health assessment questionnaires (HAQs), are widely used. However, comparative associations between joint involvement and disease status assessment tools have rarely been investigated.

Methods

We included a dataset of 4016 patients from a large RA cohort from 2012 to 2019. The tenderness and swelling of each joint were counted as a symptom, with 70 and 68 affected joints throughout the body, respectively. The relative contribution of various joints to the disease status assessment tools, VAS scores, and functional disability indexes was analyzed using multiple regression analysis.

Results

The wrist showed the most significant contribution overall, especially in DASs and VASs, while the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints made significant contributions to DASs and DAIs, but not to VASs and HAQs. The shoulder and the elbow significantly contributed to HAQs, but only the shoulder did to the VASs. The knee universally contributed to all of the tools, but the ankle played a minor but important role in most assessment tools, especially in HAQs. Similar but different contribution ratios were found between the sets of DASs, DAIs, VASs, or HAQs.

Conclusions

Each joint makes a unique contribution to these assessment tools. The improvement or aggravation of symptoms in each joint affects the assessment tools in different manners.
Record linkage studies of primary care utilisation after release from prison: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Cooper Janine A. , Murphy Siobhan , Kirk Richard , O’Reilly Dermot , Donnelly Michael
Published: August 2023

Introduction

There is a need to improve the implementation and provision of continuity of care between prison and community in order that people who have been in prison and have a history of low engagement with services or who are vulnerable receive appropriate and timely health care and treatment. Observational studies using record linkage have investigated continuity of care after release from prison but this type of research evidence has not been synthesised.

Objective

This paper presents a protocol designed to review record linkage studies about primary care utilisation after prison release in order to inform future research and guide service organisation and delivery towards people who are at-risk following release from prison.

Methods

This scoping review will follow the framework by Arksey and O’Malley (5 stages) and guidance developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science Core Collection will be searched (January 2012-March 2023) using terms relating to (i) ‘former prisoners’ and (ii) ‘primary care’. The review will focus on observational studies that have investigated this topic using linked data from two or more sources. Two authors will independently screen titles and abstracts (step 1) and full publications (step 2) using predefined eligibility criteria. Data will be extracted from included publications using a piloted data charting form. This review will map the findings in this research area by methodology, key findings and gaps in research, and current evidence will be synthesised narratively given the expected considerable heterogeneity across studies.

Discussion

This review is part of a work programme on health in prison (Administrative Data Research Centre, Northern Ireland). This work may be used to inform future research, policy and practice. Findings will be shared with stakeholders, published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences. Ethical approval is not required.
Impact of the use of GeneXpert on TB diagnosis and anti-TB treatment outcome at health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in the post-millennium development years
Authors: Getahun Desalegn Addise , Layland Laura E. , Hoerauf Achim , Wondale Biniam
Published: August 2023

Background

GeneXpert is an effective and rapid molecular system used for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. It is expected to improve the detection rate and treatment outcomes needed to meet the sustainable development goals (SDG) and End TB strategy targets set for 2030. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of GeneXpert on diagnosis and anti-TB treatment outcomes in the post-millennium development goals (MDGs) in the capital city of Ethiopia. Hence, the global priority indicator based on the End TB Strategy for TB treatment success rate was met early in 2018 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, which was anticipated to be met by 2025.

Methods

A retrospective health facilities-based study was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Records of all TB cases diagnosed and treated in selected health facilities from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2018 were reviewed and included in the study. Data analysis of descriptive and inferential statistics was conducted using SPSS version 20.

Results

The reviewed records have shown that a total of 45,158 presumptive pulmonary TB (PTB) cases had accessed TB diagnosis services. Of which, 28.9% (13072/45158) were tested by AFB microscopy and 71.1% (32086/45158) were tested by GeneXpert. During the study period, the coverage of Xpert MTB/RIF testing increased to 94.9% in 2018 compared to 1.6% in 2015. The number of presumptive PTB cases tested with the GeneXpert system showed a significant increase compared to smear microscopy. The odds of positivity were detected in males compared to females. The odds of detecting TB cases were much higher among study participants aged 15–44 years compared to younger than 15 years. Treatment success rate showed a relative improvement each year between 2015 and 2018 with a mean of 92.6%. Reduced odds of treatment successes were observed in age categories older than 35 years, and in TB/HIV co-infected patients. Increased odds of treatment successes were reported in the years between 2016 and 2018 compared to 2015.

Conclusion

Scaling up the Xpert MTB/RIF assay as a point-of-care test for presumptive TB cases in resource-limited settings would have a significant impact to meet the SDG and End TB strategy both in TB detection and treatment success rates.
Upper-critical solution temperature (UCST) polymer functionalized nanomedicine for controlled drug release and hypoxia alleviation in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy
Authors: Niu Xiaoya , Fu Yi , Feng Lei , Xie Maodi , Li Bei , Que Lin , You Zhen
Published: August 2023

Recently, bioinspired material such as nanoparticle has been successfully applied in the cancer therapy. However, how to precisely control the drug release from nanomedicine in tumor tissue and overcome the hypoxic microenvironment of tumor tissue is still an important challenge in the development of nanomedicine. In this work, a new type of drug-loaded nanoparticles P(AAm-co-AN)-AuNRs@CeO2-DOX (PA-DOX) was prepared by combining high-efficiency photothermal reagents, critical up-conversion temperature polymer layer and anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this system, CeO2 can decompose hydrogen peroxide to H2O and O2 alleviate the anaerobic microenvironment of liver cancer cells. As a photothermal reagent, AuNRs@CeO2 can convert near-infrared light into heat energy to achieve local heat to kill cancer cells and ablate solid tumors. In addition, the elevated temperature would enable the polymer layer to undergo a phase transition to release more DOX to achieve a controlled release mechanism, which will open up a new horizon for clinical cancer treatment.
Management and clinical outcomes for patients with gastrointestinal bleeding who decline transfusion
Authors: Asiedu Jessica O. , Thomas Ananda J. , Cruz Nicolas C. , Nicholson Ryan , Resar Linda M. S. , Khashab Mouen , Frank Steven M.
Published: August 2023

Background

The national blood shortage and growing patient population who decline blood transfusions have created the need for bloodless medicine initiatives. This case series describes the management of gastrointestinal bleed patients who declined allogeneic blood transfusion. Understanding the effectiveness of bloodless techniques may improve treatment for future patients while avoiding the risks and cost associated with transfusion.

Study design and methods

A retrospective chart review identified 30 inpatient encounters admitted between 2016 to 2022 for gastrointestinal hemorrhage who declined transfusion due to religious or personal reasons. Clinical characteristics and patient blood management methods utilized during hospitalization were analyzed. Hemoglobin concentrations and clinical outcomes are reported.

Results

The most common therapy was intravenous iron (n = 25, 83.3%), followed by erythropoietin (n = 18, 60.0%). Endoscopy was the most common procedure performed (n = 23, 76.7%), and surgical intervention was less common (n = 4, 13.3%). Pre-procedure hemoglobin was <6 g/dL in 7 patients, and <5 g/dL in 4 patients. The median nadir hemoglobin was 5.6 (IQR 4.5, 7.0) g/dL, which increased post-treatment to 7.3 (IQR 6.2, 8.4) g/dL upon discharge. One patient (3.3%) with a nadir Hb of 3.7 g/dL died during hospitalization from sepsis. Nine other patients with nadir Hb <5 g/dL survived hospitalization.

Conclusions

Gastrointestinal bleed patients can be successfully managed with optimal bloodless medicine techniques. Even patients with a nadir Hb <5–6 g/dL can be stabilized with aggressive anemia treatment and may safely undergo anesthesia and endoscopy or surgery for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Methods used for treating bloodless medicine patients may be used to improve clinical care for all patients.