bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge about diabetic retinopathy, eye check-up service utilisation and associated factors among adult diabetic patients at public hospitals of southeastern Ethiopia, 2022
Authors: Ahmed Abdulaziz Temam , Abduku Muhammadawwal , Aliyi Ahmednur Adem , Tahir Anwar
Published: December 2024

Objective

The objective of the study is to assess knowledge of diabetic retinopathy, eye check-up service utilisation and associated factors among adult diabetic patients at public hospitals in southeastern Ethiopia in 2022.

Setting

The study was conducted at Ginnir General and Goba Referral Hospital in southeast Ethiopia.

Design

The study was designed as a facility-based cross-sectional study.

Participants

Systematically selected adult diabetic patients were the participants of the study.

Primary outcome

The primary outcomes are knowledge about diabetic retinopathy and eye check-up service utilisation.

Results

Of the 422 samples, 401 study participants participated with a 95% response rate. 254 (63.3%) (95% CI 58.5, 68%) and 37% (95% CI 32.5, 42%) of the participants had good knowledge of diabetic retinopathy and good uptake of eye check-up service, respectively. Educational status of greater than 12th grade, possession of health insurance and good attitude towards diabetic retinopathy prevention were factors associated with good knowledge about diabetic retinopathy. In addition, urban residence, level of education of >grade 12, having health insurance, good knowledge of diabetic retinopathy and good attitude towards prevention of diabetic retinopathy were significantly associated with good utilisation of eye check-up services.

Conclusions

Compared with the WHO and other recommendations, diabetic patients have low knowledge and utilisation of eye check-up services for diabetic retinopathy.
Parental experience with childhood COVID-19 vaccines and factors associated with parental hesitancy despite being vaccinated: findings of a cross-sectional analysis from Pakistan and implications for the future
Authors: Salman Muhammad , Mallhi Tauqeer Hussain , Khan Yusra Habib , Ul Mustafa Zia , Tanweer Abiha , Ikram Muneeba , Hussain Khalid , Butt Muhammad Hammad , Ramdas Nishana , Meyer Johanna C , Godman Brian
Published: December 2024

Objectives

This study examined parental experiences with COVID-19 vaccination and factors contributing to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (CVH) among them to help guide future policy initiatives.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Lahore, the second largest metropolis in Pakistan.

Participants

This study was conducted among parents residing in Lahore from March to April 2023. Participants were recruited via convenience sampling.

Outcome measures

Data were collected using a prevalidated questionnaire that consisted of four sections: (1) informed consent, (2) demographic details, (3) COVID-19 vaccine uptake in children aged 5–17 years, parents’ experience with childhood COVID-19 vaccination and their intention to vaccinate their unvaccinated children and (4) a modified 5C scale tailored to determine parents’ confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation and collective responsibility with regard to COVID-19 vaccination.

Results

This study included 414 parents (median age=37 years; mothers=62%). COVID-19 vaccination rates for children in the age groups 12–17 years and 5–11 years were 72.5% and 30.1%, respectively. Transient adverse events following immunisation were reported by 32.7% of parents. Of parents with unvaccinated children aged 12–17 years, only 35% intended to vaccinate them. The majority of parents were not willing to vaccinate their children below 11 years of age. Parents with a self-reported positive history of COVID-19 disease (OR=2.531, p=0.016), and confident in the vaccine’s safety and efficacy (OR=1.968, p=0.010), were more inclined to vaccinate their 5–11 years. In terms of vaccination of children below 5 years, confidence in the vaccine (OR=2.942, p=0.003) and a sense of collective responsibility were positive predictors (OR=2.260, p=0.035), while calculation was identified as a negative predictor of parents’ intention to vaccinate their under 5 years (OR=0.421, p=0.018).

Conclusion

CVH was significantly higher among parents of children aged 5–11 years and children younger than 5 years old. Priority should be given by health authorities to address parental concerns about vaccines and ensure that parents understand the significance of vaccination in protecting their children, to increase vaccination rates. This is because hesitancy towards one specific vaccine can negatively impact hesitancy rates in general.
Knowledge, attitudes and practice questionnaires in dengue, Zika, chikungunya and yellow fever settings: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Robayo Gonzalez Claudia Ximena , Nasri Bouchra , Szaroz Daniel , Zinszer Kate
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Arboviruses are a broad classification of viral pathogens that require vectors such as mosquitoes for infection transmission. The burden of arboviral diseases worldwide is substantial, affecting millions of people annually, with theAedes aegyptimosquito responsible for spreading several common arboviruses, including dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever. One public health strategy to control and prevent these viruses is to influence community members’ behaviours related to reducing the breeding sites ofAedesmosquitoes, and knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) questionnaires are often used as part of these education campaigns.

Objectives

To explore the content of KAP questionnaires and methodologies used to evaluate arboviral infections, focusing on dengue, Zika, chikungunya and yellow fever.

Methods and analysis

To identify and describe KAP questionnaires for the selected arboviral infections, a scoping review will be performed and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Scoping Review Extension guidelines. Scientific databases such as MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scielo and LILACS will be searched systematically. Two independent reviewers will screen the title and abstract, followed by a full-text review of the selected articles using the COVIDENCE platform. The extracted information will include citation details, the type of arbovirus, the type of questions in each domain, the scoring system, the theoretical framework and the statistical analysis. The results will be presented comprehensively in tables and figures.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval is not required. Knowledge transfer will be conducted through conference presentations and publications.
Unlocking the transformative potential of data science in improving maternal, newborn and child health in Africa: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Akuze Joseph , Ngatia Bancy , Amare Samson Yohannes , Wanduru Phillip , Otieno Grieven P , Kananura Rornald M , Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou , Amouzou Agbessi , Estifanos Abiy Seifu , Ohuma Eric
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Application of data science in maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) across Africa is variable with limited documentation. Despite efforts to reduce preventable MNCH morbidity and mortality, progress remains slow. Accurate data are crucial for holding countries accountable for tracking progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 3 targets on MNCH. Data science can improve data availability, quality, healthcare provision and decision-making for MNCH programmes. We aim to map and synthesise data science use cases in MNCH across Africa.

Methods and analysis

We will develop a conceptual framework encompassing seven domains: (1) infrastructure and systemic challenges, (2) data quality, (3) data governance, regulatory dynamics and policy, (4) technological innovations and digital health, (5) capacity development, human capital and opportunity, (6) collaborative and strategic frameworks and (7) recommendations for implementation and scaling.

We will use a scoping review methodology involving literature searches in seven databases, grey literature sources and data extraction from the Digital Health Atlas. Three reviewers will screen articles and extract data. We will synthesise and present data narratively and use tables, figures and maps. Our structured search strategy across academic databases and grey literature sources will find relevant studies on data science in MNCH in Africa.

Ethics and dissemination

This scoping review does not require formal ethical review and approval because it will not involve collecting primary data. The findings will showcase gaps, opportunities, advances, innovations, implementation and areas needing additional research. They will also propose next steps for integrating data science in MNCH programmes in Africa. The implications of our findings will be examined in relation to possible methods for enhancing data science in MNCH, such as community and clinical settings, monitoring and evaluation. This study will illuminate data science applications in addressing MNCH issues and provide a holistic view of areas where gaps exist and where there are opportunities to leverage and tap into what already exists. The work will be relevant for stakeholders, policymakers and researchers in the MNCH field to inform planning. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conferences, policy briefs, blogs and social media platforms.
Comparing the construct validity of measurement instruments for pain and stiffness in patients with axial spondyloartwhritis: cross-sectional analysis in the OASIS cohort
Authors: Capelusnik Dafne , Nikiphorou Elena , Boonen Annelies , Christensen Robin , van der Heijde Désirée , Landewé Robert , van Tubergen Astrid , Ramiro Sofia
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To compare the construct validity, including discrimination between known groups, of three pain and three morning stiffness (MS) measurement instruments.

Methods

Patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis with 8-year data from the Outcome in Ankylosing Spondylitis International Study cohort were assessed cross-sectionally. Three instruments for pain and three for MS, all self-reported and scored 0–10, were compared. Construct validity was evaluated by testing (1) hypothesis of correlations’ strength and (2) discrimination between known groups using standardised mean differences (SMD) across external constructs. Influence of contextual factors (CFs) on SMDs was investigated.

Results

Of 85 patients, mean age was 54 (SD 11), mean symptom duration 31 (11) years, 71% males. All six instruments showed a good construct validity by fulfilling >75% of the hypotheses for the strength of correlation. Neck/back/hip pain (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index-Question 2, BASDAI-Q2) and total back pain had higher SMDs compared with back pain at night across all between-group comparisons, with BASDAI-Q2 performing mostly slightly better (eg, SMD for external construct Axial Spondyloarthritis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS; ≥2.1 vs <2.1): 1.87 (BASDAI-Q2) vs 1.56 (total back pain) vs 1.07 (back pain at night)). MS-severity and severity/duration had higher SMDs across all external constructs (with MS-severity slightly better), while MS-duration performed worse (eg, SMD external construct ASDAS: 1.51 (MS-severity) and 1.39 (MS-severity/duration) vs 1.16 (MS-duration)). Influence of CFs on known group discrimination was limited.

Conclusions

The recommended Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society Core Outcome Set (ASAS-COS) pain measurement instrument total back pain BASDAI-Q2 has the best known group discrimination. For MS, the ASAS-COS stiffness measure (MS-severity/duration) performs well although MS-severity even slightly better. Known group discrimination is overall stable across CFs.
Semiclassical resonances for matrix Schrödinger operators with vanishing interactions at crossings of classical trajectories
Authors: Louatron Vincent
Published: December 2024

We study the semiclassical distribution of resonances of a [Formula: see text] matrix Schrödinger operator (1.1) near a fixed energy level where the underlying classical trajectories [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] are, respectively, periodic and non-trapping. The aim is to compute the imaginary part of the resonances appearing near the eigenvalues created by [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] intersects [Formula: see text] with finite contact order [Formula: see text]. Recent results [M. Assal, S. Fujiié and K. Higuchi, Semiclassical resonance asymptotics for systems with degenerate crossings of classical trajectories, Int. Math. Res. Not. 2024 (2024) 6879–6905] and [M. Assal, S. Fujiié and K. Higuchi, Transition of the semiclassical resonance widths across a tangential crossing energy-level, J. Math. Pures Appl. 191 (2024) 103634] assert that the width of resonances is of polynomial order in the semiclassical parameter with exponent [Formula: see text], if the interaction [Formula: see text] is elliptic at the crossing point. Here, we remove this ellipticity assumption and prove that the exponent is [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a “vanishing order” of the interaction at the crossing points, suitably defined in terms of the vanishing orders of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] depending on whether the crossing point is a turning point or not.
Solving Multi-Point Boundary Value Differential Equations with a Novel Semi-Analytical Algorithm
Authors: Kheybari Samad , Darvishi Mohammad Taghi , Alizadeh Farzaneh , Hincal Evren , Hosseini Kamyar , Chen Xiaoyou
Published: December 2024

To address the general multi-point boundary value problems, we present a novel semi-analytical algorithm. This scheme is applicable to both linear and nonlinear fractional-order and integer-order differential equations under multi-point boundary value and/or initial value conditions. The proposed algorithm involves the introduction of auxiliary fractional equations derived from the main equation. Subsequently, a linear combination of the solutions to the auxiliary equations is formed to meet the boundary conditions of the main equation. The combination includes some unknown coefficients. In respect with these unknown coefficients, we optimize the relevant residual function to achieve its minimum value. This is done by using the method of weighted residuals. The convergence of the method is established and proved. The algorithm is employed to obtain approximate solutions for multi-point boundary and initial value problems. Additionally, it effectively addresses problems with solutions that exhibit weak singularities at the origin. Numerical results, including solving two bridge models, reveal that the proposed method demonstrates a substantial improvement in performance over existing methods.
Status split and nonsplit domination in graphs
Authors: Sambandam Parvathy Gnana , Raman Sundareswaran , Marayanagaraj Shanmugapriya , Venkatasubramanian Swaminathan
Published: December 2024

Network connectivity, which measures whether the network stays connected or disconnected after the removal of the most critical set of nodes, can be employed to determine the robustness and stability of a network. Two adjacent nodes u and v, in a connected graph [Formula: see text] “mutually status unequal (stu) dominate” one another if their status values, as determined by a distance parameter (such as the shortest path), are unequal. By way of implementation, a novel idea known as the stu-split stu-dominanting set, consists of critical nodes, the removal of which splits the graph network [Formula: see text] has been devised. In parallel, stu-nonsplit dominanting set is defined so that [Formula: see text] is still connected even after the critical nodes of this set are removed. Furthermore, stu-split and stu-nonsplit stu-domination numbers for some classes of graphs are obtained. Also, minimality condition of both the sets has been investigated.
Improving CS Performance by Developing Spatial Skills
Authors: Parkinson Jack , Margulieux Lauren
Published: December 2024

A dive into the research linking development of spatial skills with improved outcomes at all levels of CS education.
Generating SPARQL Queries over CIDOC-CRM using a Two-Stage Ontology Path Patterns Method in LLM Prompts
Authors: Mountantonakis Michalis , Tzitzikas Yannis
Published: December 2024

In this article, we focus on the task of exploiting the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate SPARQL Queries for answering natural questions over cultural Knowledge Graphs (KGs) expressed according to the ISO standard ontology CIDOC-CRM. Since CIDOC-CRM is an event-based model, usually we have to follow long paths for answering a question, thereby, the challenge is how to construct the prompt for aiding the LLM to produce the right SPARQL query. We propose and comparatively evaluate methods based on the creation of ontology
path patterns
of a configurable path
radius
(or length). Then, we construct a new dedicated benchmark that includes 100 natural questions and the corresponding SPARQL queries over two real KGs from the cultural domain describing artworks. Finally, we present comparative results about the effectiveness and efficiency over the benchmark by using ChatGPT-3.5. The most effective method follows a two-stage process that
predicts
and uses the most appropriate path patterns of

\(r\leq 4\)

. This method achieves 3.5

\(\times\)

higher accuracy than the baseline method (0.66 versus 0.19), that includes in the prompt only the list of properties and classes of the KG.

Benchmark:
https://github.com/mountanton/CIDOC-QA-using-LLMs
Hydrogen Detection Performance of a Pt-AlGaN/GaN HEMT Sensor at High Temperatures in Air Ambient
Authors: Li Wenmao , Sokolovskij Robert , Jiang Yang , Wen Kangyao , Hu Qiaoyu , Deng Chenkai , Wang Qing , Yu Hongyu
Published: December 2024

A Pt-gated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) was fabricated and used for sensing hydrogen (H2) gas in air ambient at extreme temperatures. Compared to previous studies, this work extends the investigation of GaN HEMT device H2 detection capabilities to temperatures as high as 450 °C in air background. The performance of the device was comprehensively demonstrated and analyzed over a wide temperature range from 200 to 450 °C. To begin with, an optimum operating drain-source (V

ds
) and gate-source voltages (V

gs
) were found as 4.5 and 0 V, respectively. At this bias, the sensor demonstrated the highest sensitivity (28.19%) in conjunction with fast response (48.62 s), and recovery time (109.48 s) at 450 °C. The impact of temperature on sensitivity, response, and recovery time was also discussed, revealing that sensitivity ranged from 24.9 to 28.2% between 250 and 450 °C, which is significantly higher than the sensitivity at 200 °C (18.8%). Additionally, response times under 50 s were obtained from 350 to 450 °C, with the lowest being 39.54 s at 400 °C. Furthermore, the signal-to-noise ratio consistently exceeded 30 dB across the temperature range of 250 to 450 °C. Finally, the first-derivative method, utilized for assessing the triggering capability of the sensor, revealed peak performance at 300 °C.
A Self-Healing Binder based on Host-Guest Interaction for Carbon-Silicon Anodes in Llithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Sun Qiyue , Wu Xianzhi , He Zhaoyi , Xiong Kairong , Cao Qiaoying , Hu Hang , Zheng Mingtao , Xiao Yong , Liang Yeru
Published: December 2024

Silicon anodes offer exceptional specific capacity, positioning them as prime candidates for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. However, their practical application is hindered by severe volume expansion and structural degradation during cycling. Herein, we report a self-healing binder for carbon-silicon anodes, constructed from β-cyclodextrin and 1-vinylimidazole, leveraging host–guest interactions to mitigate mechanical stress. This binder accommodates silicon’s volume changes, significantly enhancing structural integrity and electrochemical stability. Compared to conventional polyvinylidene fluoride binders, the proposed system delivers a 30% higher specific capacity at 0.2 C, underscoring its potential for advanced silicon-based lithium-ion batteries and broader energy storage applications.
Corrosion Behavior and Mechanism of Nickel as a Hydrogen Evolution Electrode Under High Alkalinity and Temperature
Authors: Wei Qinyi , Tang Mengyi , Shi Hao , Zhu Hua , Du Kaifa , Wang Dihua
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the hydrogen evolution on nickel (Ni) electrode in KOH-H2O system at 160 °C, focusing on the electrode’s morphology and performance changes under cathodic polarization. At a current density of 10 mA cm–2, electrolysis voltage decreases with increasing temperature and electrolyte concentration, from 2.03 V in 1 M KOH at 25 °C to 1.81 V in 30 wt% KOH at 80 °C, and further to 1.59 V in 85 wt% KOH at 160 °C, respectively. In parallel, the corrosion rate increases from 0.008 mm y–1 to 0.023 mm y–1, and reaches a peak of 0.096 mm y–1 under a current density of 200 mA cm–2, respectively. The onset potential for cathodic corrosion shifts positively from –1.8 V vs Pt in 30 wt% KOH at 80 °C to –1.7 V in 85 wt% KOH at 160 °C. Preferential corrosion occurs at the surface imperfections, such as defects, scratches, and cavities. Cathodic corrosion results in the refinement of surface grains on the Ni electrode, increasing the electrochemical active surface area. However, this process concurrently reduces the efficacy of the catalyst for hydrogen evolution due to the preferential exposure of the low-energy Ni(111) crystalline facets.
Polycystic ovary syndrome potentiates blood pressure and vascular responses to the cold pressor test
Authors: Berbrier Danielle E. , Coovadia Yasmine , Malenda Divine , Usselman Charlotte W.
Published: December 2024

Young, lean, and otherwise healthy females with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) demonstrated exaggerated blood pressure responses to the cold pressor test (CPT) relative to controls. CPT responses were associated with bioavailable androgens, suggesting that hyperandrogenism contributes to exaggerated responses to the CPT in PCOS. Given associations between CPT responsiveness and the subsequent development of hypertension, these findings add to mounting evidence for increased cardiovascular risk even in lean females with PCOS.
Hendrickson Class II Palatal Fracture Following a Road Trauma Accident in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Brian Ngokwe Zilefac , Ntep David Bienvenue Ntep , Stephane Nokam Kamdem , Audrey Sandra Noubissie , Antoine Siafa Bola
Published: December 2024

Pediatric palatal fractures are rare clinical presentations owing to the relative plasticity of their bones. We present a case of a 3‐year‐old pedestrian struck male patient presenting with a mid‐sagittal palatal fracture which corresponds to a Hendrickson class II fracture. Diagnosis and treatment of these rare cases are very critical to ensuring proper manducatory functions and normal facial growth in these children.
DocFuzz: A Directed Fuzzing Method Based on a Feedback Mechanism Mutator
Authors: Xie Lixia , Zhao Yuheng , Yang Hongyu , Zhao Ziwen , Hu Ze , Zhang Liang , Cheng Xiang
Published: December 2024

In response to the limitations of traditional fuzzing approaches that rely on static mutators and fail to dynamically adjust their test case mutations for deeper testing, resulting in the inability to generate targeted inputs to trigger vulnerabilities, this paper proposes a directed fuzzing methodology termed DocFuzz, which is predicated on a feedback mechanism mutator. Initially, a sanitizer is used to target the source code of the tested program and stake in code blocks that may have vulnerabilities. After this, a taint tracking module is used to associate the target code block with the bytes in the test case, forming a high‐value byte set. Then, the reinforcement learning mutator of DocFuzz is used to mutate the high‐value byte set, generating well‐structured inputs that can cover the target code blocks. Finally, utilizing the feedback mechanism of DocFuzz, when the reinforcement learning mutator converges and ceases to optimize, the fuzzer is rebooted to continue mutating toward directions that are more likely to trigger vulnerabilities. Comparative experiments are conducted on multiple test sets, including LAVA‐M, and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DocFuzz methodology surpasses other fuzzing techniques, offering a more precise, rapid, and effective means of detecting vulnerabilities in source code.
Irisin Alleviates Cognitive Impairment by Inhibiting AhR/NF‐κB‐NLRP3‐Mediated Pyroptosis of Hippocampal Neurons in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Zhang Jialing , Dong Xingtong , Pang Qi , Zhang Aihua
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is a vital complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The effect of irisin on CKD‐induced cognitive impairment remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of Irisin in mitigating cognitive impairment and explore the underlying mechanisms in CKD.

Methods: A CKD mice model was established by adenine. Cognitive function was assessed via the novel object recognition (NOR). Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while pyroptosis‐related protein expression was analyzed using western blotting.

Results: Our data showed an upregulation of cell pyroptosis in hippocampus tissues of CKD mice, accompanied by significant cognitive impairment. Pyroptosis and cognitive impairment was both improved by Irisin treatment in vivo. Additionally, irisin markedly downregulated pyroptosis levels through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/NF‐κB p65 signaling in HT‐22 cells pretreated with indoxyl sulfate (IS). In vitro experiments further confirmed that pyroptosis was inhibited by AhR and NF‐κB p65 inhibitors.

Conclusions: We first demonstrated that irisin alleviated cognitive impairment by inhibiting AhR/NF‐κB‐NLRP3‐mediated pyroptosis of hippocampal neurons in CKD. Overall, irisin may have the potential to serve as a critical antipyroptotic agent for improving CKD‐induced cognitive impairment.
Luteolin Alleviates the TNF‐α‐Induced Inflammatory Response of Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells via the Akt/MAPK/NF‐κB Pathway
Authors: Lu Qing-Yu , Guo Li , Zhang Qi-Yun , Yang Fu-Mei , Zhou Shu-Ting , Sun Qian-Yun
Published: December 2024

Endothelial dysfunction and pathological alterations are pivotal in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. To date, effective interventions for these endothelial changes are lacking. Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) is known to significantly contribute to these alterations. It has been reported the potential of luteolin to mitigate TNF‐α‐induced inflammation, yet its specific mechanisms and targets still remain to be elucidated. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of luteolin on TNF‐α‐induced inflammatory injury in human microvascular endothelial cells, thereby advancing the understanding of luteolin’s medicinal properties. Our findings demonstrate that luteolin notably inhibits TNF‐α‐induced phosphorylation of Akt, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB) p65. It significantly reduces the transcriptional activity of NF‐κB p65 and AP‐1 and decreases the expression of mRNA and proteins related to adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators. Additionally, luteolin inhibited the reduction in STAT3 phosphorylation. In conclusion, luteolin effectively suppresses TNF‐α‐induced inflammatory injury in endothelial cells via the Akt/MAPK/NF‐κB pathway.
Narrative Review of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Renal Diseases: Mechanisms, Clinical Applications, and Future Directions
Authors: Wang Yanjun , Luo Pengli , Wuren Tana
Published: December 2024

Renal diseases, particularly acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), are significant global health challenges. These conditions impair kidney function and can lead to serious complications, including cardiovascular diseases, which further exacerbate the public health burden. Currently, the global AKI mortality rate is alarmingly high (20%–50%); CKD is projected to emerge as a major global health burden by 2040. Existing treatments such as hemodialysis and kidney transplantation have limited effectiveness and are often associated with adverse effects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer considerable potential for treating renal diseases owing to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. Thus, this review focuses on the application of MSCs in renal disease, discusses fundamental research findings, and evaluates their application in clinical trials. Moreover, we discuss the impact and safety of MSCs as a therapeutic option and highlight challenges and potential directions for their clinical application. We selected research articles from PubMed published within the last 5 years (from 2019), focusing on high‐impact journals and clinical trial data, and included a few key studies predating 2019. Considerations included the novelty of the research, sample size, experimental design, and data reliability. With advancements in single‐cell sequencing, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, and other cutting‐edge technologies, future MSC research will explore combination therapies and personalized treatments to provide more promising, safer treatments with reduced adverse reactions and enhanced therapeutic outcomes. These advances will improve kidney disease treatment methods, enhance patient quality of life, and maximize the benefits of MSC therapies.
Supplemental Table 3 from Kinetics of Nirogacestat-Mediated Increases in B-cell Maturation Antigen on Plasma Cells Inform Therapeutic Combinations in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Shearer Todd , Comstock Melissa , Williams Rex L. , Johnson Mark C. , Cendrowicz Ewa , Leonowens Cathrine , Smith Margaret , Baughman Todd M. , Breitbach Caroline J. , Cheng Shinta , Green Damian J.
Published: December 2024

Parameter estimates for the BCMA PKPD model
Supplemental Table 2 from Kinetics of Nirogacestat-Mediated Increases in B-cell Maturation Antigen on Plasma Cells Inform Therapeutic Combinations in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Shearer Todd , Comstock Melissa , Williams Rex L. , Johnson Mark C. , Cendrowicz Ewa , Leonowens Cathrine , Smith Margaret , Baughman Todd M. , Breitbach Caroline J. , Cheng Shinta , Green Damian J.
Published: December 2024

PK parameter estimates for the nirogacestat dose-effect model
Supplemental Figure 7 from Kinetics of Nirogacestat-Mediated Increases in B-cell Maturation Antigen on Plasma Cells Inform Therapeutic Combinations in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Shearer Todd , Comstock Melissa , Williams Rex L. , Johnson Mark C. , Cendrowicz Ewa , Leonowens Cathrine , Smith Margaret , Baughman Todd M. , Breitbach Caroline J. , Cheng Shinta , Green Damian J.
Published: December 2024

PKPD model diagnostic plots
Supplemental Figure 6 from Kinetics of Nirogacestat-Mediated Increases in B-cell Maturation Antigen on Plasma Cells Inform Therapeutic Combinations in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Shearer Todd , Comstock Melissa , Williams Rex L. , Johnson Mark C. , Cendrowicz Ewa , Leonowens Cathrine , Smith Margaret , Baughman Todd M. , Breitbach Caroline J. , Cheng Shinta , Green Damian J.
Published: December 2024

Visual predictive checks of the nirogacestat-BCMA PKPD model by dose
Supplemental Figure 4 from Kinetics of Nirogacestat-Mediated Increases in B-cell Maturation Antigen on Plasma Cells Inform Therapeutic Combinations in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Shearer Todd , Comstock Melissa , Williams Rex L. , Johnson Mark C. , Cendrowicz Ewa , Leonowens Cathrine , Smith Margaret , Baughman Todd M. , Breitbach Caroline J. , Cheng Shinta , Green Damian J.
Published: December 2024

Nirogacestat pharmacokinetic model diagnostic plots
Supplemental Figure 3 from Kinetics of Nirogacestat-Mediated Increases in B-cell Maturation Antigen on Plasma Cells Inform Therapeutic Combinations in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Shearer Todd , Comstock Melissa , Williams Rex L. , Johnson Mark C. , Cendrowicz Ewa , Leonowens Cathrine , Smith Margaret , Baughman Todd M. , Breitbach Caroline J. , Cheng Shinta , Green Damian J.
Published: December 2024

Visual predictive checks for the nirogacestat dose effect PK model by dose
Supplemental Figure 2 from Kinetics of Nirogacestat-Mediated Increases in B-cell Maturation Antigen on Plasma Cells Inform Therapeutic Combinations in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Shearer Todd , Comstock Melissa , Williams Rex L. , Johnson Mark C. , Cendrowicz Ewa , Leonowens Cathrine , Smith Margaret , Baughman Todd M. , Breitbach Caroline J. , Cheng Shinta , Green Damian J.
Published: December 2024

mbBCMA density in MM cells after 24-hour exposure to nirogacestat and other GSIs
Figure 5 from Kinetics of Nirogacestat-Mediated Increases in B-cell Maturation Antigen on Plasma Cells Inform Therapeutic Combinations in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Shearer Todd , Comstock Melissa , Williams Rex L. , Johnson Mark C. , Cendrowicz Ewa , Leonowens Cathrine , Smith Margaret , Baughman Todd M. , Breitbach Caroline J. , Cheng Shinta , Green Damian J.
Published: December 2024

Correlation between BCMA receptor density on PCs isolated from whole-blood and bone marrow samples. MESF, molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome; r2, coefficient of determination of linear regression.
Alternative palbociclib dosing schedules for hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Go Makiko , Kimura Michio , Yamada Shiori , Kamei Keitaro , Noguchi Yoshinori , Usami Eiseki , Yoshimura Tomoaki
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor palbociclib is associated with a high incidence of neutropenia. Treatment continuation using the standard dosing schedule (3 consecutive weeks of oral administration followed by 1-week off-treatment: 3/1 schedule) can be difficult and other dosing schedules have been previously adopted. We aimed to investigate whether alternative dosing schedules can be used effectively to continue palbociclib.
Methods: This study included all patients who received palbociclib for hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer (HR+/HER2-MBC) at Ogaki Municipal Hospital between January 2018 and November 2023. Reasons for treatment discontinuation, changes in treatment administration, treatment duration, relative dose intensity (RDI), overall response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), and adverse events were retrospectively investigated using electronic medical records.
Results: On November 30, 2023 (a data censor date), patients who discontinued or continued palbociclib on the 3/1 schedule were classified into the 3/1 schedule group (n=20), and those who started a 3/1 schedule (partly on a 2/2 schedule) and then switched to the 3/2 schedule or the 2/2 schedule (2 consecutive weeks of oral administration followed by 2 weeks off) were classified into the 3/2 (n=10) or 2/2 schedule groups (n=18), respectively. For the 3/1, 3/2, and 2/2 schedule groups, respectively, the median treatment duration was 255.5, 1253.0, and 923.0 days (p=0.0013), the median RDI (%) was 71.0%, 69.2%, and 40.8% (p<0.001), and the ORR was 15.0%, 80.0%, and 50.0% (p=0.002), while the CBR was 55.0%, 100%, and 72.2% (p=0.028).
Conclusion: Dosing schedules other than the standard 3/1 schedule can be used to continue palbociclib with HR+/HER2-MBC while ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Alternative dosing schedules look promising and need further research (preferably, prospective studies) with a larger sample size and longer follow-up to validate treatment efficacy.
Produção legislativa no governo JK (1956-1961)
Authors: Diniz Simone , Avanci Ana Laura , Cisi Rafaela
Published: December 2024

O artigo tem como foco a atuação do Poder Legislativo na produção de leis, durante o governo do presidente Juscelino Kubitschek, aspecto este negligenciado pela literatura especializada. Nosso objetivo é apresentar indicadores da (I) taxa de dominância dos poderes na produção legislativa; (II) abrangência temática das políticas propostas; (III) distribuição por região geográfica da origem dos parlamentares iniciadores de projetos; e (IV) similaridade temática das políticas propostas pelo Poder Executivo e pelos deputados federais. Trata-se de uma análise descritiva, acompanhada de testes estatísticos. Os resultados apontam para uma atuação mais pró-ativa dos deputados, do que normalmente se supõe para o período em questão.
Réformes de l’enseignement supérieur et sélection des étudiantes: le cas de la France (1999-2018)
Authors: Sargeac Mélanie
Published: December 2024

Since the end of the 20th century, French and European policies have been building up higher education and research (ESR) as one of the main levers of competitiveness in the international economic sphere. In particular, the higher education reforms enacted in France between 1999 and 2018 are evidence of a particularly intense reform drive, marked by an increased desire to regulate access to  different resources – to research funding Under the LPR and to university education under the ORE law – in the context of  competition between players as a tool for managing higher education. In analysing this paradigm change, which places at the centre of the quantified management of higher education the objective of making it a central lever for economic growth, we highlight the chronology of different laws in parallel with the analysis of this reform process. Through a more specific study of the law relating to student orientation and success, known as the ‘ORE’ law, promulgated on 8 March 2018, at the origin of the implementation of the  Parcoursup platform, we seek to highlight how investment in the quantification of higher education leads more broadly to support a policy of individualities.
8. Human mathematics
Authors: Ravn Ole
Published: December 2024

This chapter discusses how we can think about mathematics as a human enterprise. It takes as its starting point the portrait of a European tradition that has considered mathematics as essentially a non-human realm. As a challenge to this tradition, a Wittgensteinian interpretation of mathematics as a special type of language among all the human languages is outlined and used to develop a platform for understanding mathematics as ‘human mathematics’. This conception is finally given shape through two discussions, first through a challenge to the positioning of mathematics in our contemporary universities in close proximity to the natural and technological sciences. Instead, a narrowing of the gap between the sciences and the humanities with a consequent repositioning of mathematics in the epistemological landscape of our knowledge institutions is advocated. Secondly, a human mathematics conception is discussed in relation to learning and teaching. Connections are made to socio-cultural learning theory, and it is argued that the concepts of ‘fog of mathematics’ and ‘centreless mathematics’ can help in reconfiguring how to think about the learning of ma thematics.
9. The case of Ramanujan
Authors: Lensing Felix
Published: December 2024

Ever since mathematics education research has ‘divorced’ from the discipline of mathematics and set out to become a discipline in its own right, there has been a constant debate about what can and should be understood by mathematics education research. In this chapter, I start from the assumption that mathematics education research necessarily takes a ‘reflexive stance’ towards its objects of study: mathematics education research is not simply engaged with mathematics, but rather with the engagement with mathematics. It investigates the complex interplay of bodily, cognitive, and social processes that are involved in the genesis of mathematical knowledge – especially (but by no means only) when this genesis occurs in educational contexts. Against this background, I will examine the particular role that the distinction between social and sociomathematical norms may play in the empirical study of the social aspects of this genesis. To do so, I will proceed in two steps: I will first detach the distinction between social and sociomathematical norms from its ‘conceptual tie’ to mathematics classroom practice. Then, I will use the famous correspondence between mathematicians Srinivasa Ramanujan and G. H. Hardy as an example to show how the distinction may offer a fresh perspective on mathematical practices outside the mathematics classroom.
10. A performative and relational ethnomathematics
Authors: Parra Aldo
Published: December 2024

This chapter presents a reconceptualisation of the Ethnomathematics research f ield, as composed of a series of contingent and purposefully constructed relations between mathematics and culture. This reconceptualisation is useful in formulating a non-essentialist positioning on the nature of mathematics without adhering to cultural relativism. An overview of research experiences on Ethnomathematics is made to illustrate how the reconceptualisation emerged and what are its implications and potentialities, particularly on controversial issues for Ethnomathematics, like mathematics ontology, research validation, and the roles of researchers.
12. Art and anti-mathematics
Authors: Harouni Houman
Published: December 2024

Scattered across history and cultures, we encounter instances of people trying to limit or reject the expansion and application of mathematics. These actions, which we can refer to as “anti-mathematics”, are particularly common among artists of the modern era. This chapter tries to decipher, through a close reading of a large group of examples, the different motivations and desires that give rise to anti-mathematics across different contexts. The author argues that such actions are attempts at shielding particular ways of life from the encroachment of forces (economic, philosophical, and administrative) that use mathematics as their main instrument. In art, the pain and confusion caused by the uses of mathematics can be hurled back at those uses and expose their underlying violence. Anti-mathematics, however, does not only expose. It always creates new zones, new approaches, new products for thinking and life. The author finally connects these historical examples with the experience of children in contemporary schools and suggests that a study of anti-mathematics might be the key to developing an autonomous and rational relationship to the irrationality of mathematized reason.
3. Germany
Authors: Rietzler Katja , Watt Andrew
Published: December 2024

In recent quarters, German public investment has increased slightly in real terms. However, this development is driven largely by special effects such as the reclassification of public transport companies and increased military spending. Additional investment needs are estimated to be as high as 1.4% of GDP, and cannot be met without a substantial reform of the debt brake. Economists have recently come up with numerous reform proposals, but there is still no political majority for a reform. While European fiscal rules do not require much f iscal tightening in Germany, they do constrain the use of credit to finance the necessary additional public investment. Instead of a big push, the more likely scenario is continued incremental progress, or “muddling through”.
6. A New Industrial Policy as the Key to the Green Transition
Authors: Aiginger Karl
Published: December 2024

The world is changing quickly. The former Soviet Union is gone and its successor, Russia, is seeking to reclaim parts of Soviet territory using military force. The United States (US) as a sole remaining superpower cannot take the lead, due to populism, failed democracy, and a lack of resilience. China is on the rise, but autocratic, longing for resources and facing a declining population. Europe is less dynamic and innovative, not yet seen as unified with common goals. New middle powers are gaining shares in production, but are themselves very different. The problems the world faces are changing: peace is no longer guaranteed, global warming is accelerating, poverty is on the decline but re emerging in other ways, and migration policy is becoming more and more important. The green transition may be an engine of change and new dynamics, but there are also many backlashes. In this situation, a new industrial policy is needed—one very different from that of the past. We begin by describing the past policy as an isolated policy, along with the questions of whether such a policy is needed in a capitalistic economy and whether it should focus on “important sectors” (the sectoral or French approach) or “important activities” (the horizonal or German approach). We then turn to the increasing importance of international exports/ investments and the necessity for a green transition, but also new forms of protectionism and backlashes. This chapter builds on Aiginger and Rodrik (2020) with respect to “industrial policy for the 21st century”, as well as on Aiginger and Ketels (2024) for its “reloading” after the most recent changes in the policy environment.
Use of Standardized Dosing Sheets in Pediatric Emergency Care: Experience in a Third-Level Hospital
Authors: Serralabós-Ferré Júlia , Castillo-Gomez Fatima , Sensarrich-Roset Mireia , Barceló-Carceller Irene , Gonzalez-Rioja Xoan
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

Medication errors are one of the main causes of avoidable injuries in health care. With the aim of reducing them, a set of sheets with precalculated doses (by weight intervals) and preparation guidelines of the most common drugs in emergencies (Farmacards) was implemented in a Pediatric Emergency Department, replacing the previous manual calculation system. The aim of the study is to assess the staff’s perception of safety and usefulness of the new dosing system.

Study design:

Pre-post intervention comparative analysis was performed by distributing an opinion questionnaire to pediatric emergency department staff in 2017 (manual calculation in situ) and 2023 (Farmacards). We obtained 60 and 55 responses, respectively, and analyzed the characteristics of the sample and the perception of the new method.

Results:

Five years after its introduction, 88.5% were aware of its existence, 86.9% knew where to find it, and 76% used it “always or almost always” for critically ill patients. Greater use was observed among personnel with more years of work experience (Spearman, P = .057) and among nurses (Mann-Whitney, P < .001). The new method improved the level of perceived safety, especially for nurses (Mann-Whitney, P = .008).

Conclusions:

Standardized medication dosing systems in emergency situations aim to reduce medical errors and minimize iatrogenesis, participating in safety culture. According to the results of our study, the implementation of Farmacards shows a good acceptance by the staff and in the perception of patient safety, which is a good starting point to further optimize the quality of care. specialties: emergency medicine, general pediatrics, toxicology, and critical care.