bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Vascular Adhesion Protein 1 Protects Dopamine Neurons From the Effects of Acute Inflammation and Restores Habit Learning in the Striatum
Authors: Becchi Serena , Buson Alberto , Balleine Bernard
Published: July 2021

BackgroundChanges in dopaminergic neural function can be induced by an acute inflammatory state that, by altering the integrity of the neurovasculature, induces neuronal stress, cell death and causes functional deficits. Effectively blocking these effects of inflammation could, therefore, reduce both neuronal and functional decline. To test this hypothesis, we inhibited vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1), a membrane bound protein expressed on endothelial cell surface, that mediates leukocyte extravasation and induces oxidative stress. MethodWe induced dopaminergic neuronal loss by infusing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) directly into the substantia nigra (SN) in rats and administered the VAP-1 inhibitor, PXS-4681A, daily. ResultsLPS resulted in an acute inflammatory response, the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SN, reduced dopaminergic projection to SN target regions, particularly the dorsolateral striatum (DLS), and a deficit in habit learning, a key function of the DLS. In an attempt to protect SN neurons from this inflammatory response we found that VAP-1 inhibition not only reduced neutrophil infiltration in the SN and striatum but also reduced the associated microglia and astrocyte response in the striatum. We found VAP-1 inhibition protected dopaminergic neurons in the SN, their projections to the striatum and promoted the functional recovery of habit learning. Thus, we reversed the loss of habitual actions, a function usually dependent on dopamine release in DLS and sensitive to striatal dysfunction. ConclusionsWe establish, therefore, that VAP-1 inhibition has an anti-inflammatory profile that may have beneficial in the treatment of dopaminergic dysfunction caused by an acute inflammatory state in the brain.
Industry 5.0: The Convergence of AI and HI (Human Intelligence)
Authors: Bhandurge Gauri Malhar , Bhide Mrunmayi Shirish
Published: July 2021

Today, as we see a big chunk of the industries in various fields adapting Industry 4.0, a lot of us have started asking the question “what’s next?”, the next industrial revolution, Industry 5.0. Past revolutions have pointed out that new revolutions take place only to correct the anomalies of the existing industrial situations. Likewise, to generate further clarity and to understand the previous findings around smart factory, we conducted a systematic literature review. This research paper talks about the various walks of life that industry 5.0 has the capability to affect and make better. We have also attempted to list down a few factors that will be vital for bringing about the 5th industrial revolution. With the goal of a smart society, which will be an extension of the existing smart factory, we call this process of transformation, growth and development as ‘THE INDUSTRIAL UPCYCLING’. We are proposing a new terminology called IoE – Internet of Everything as an extension of IoT.
Epidemiological Characteristics Of Central Nervous System Tumors In Children: A 5-Year Review of 3,180 Cases From Beijing Tiantan Hospital
Authors: Liu Zhiming , Liao Chihyi , Zhang Heng , Han Zhe , Wang Junmei , Ma Zhenyu , Li Chunde , Gong Jian , Liu Wei , Sun Tao , Tian Yongji
Published: July 2021

Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of central nervous system tumors in children, based on the neurosurgery department of Beijing Tiantan Hospital.Methods: From January 2015 to December 2019, 3 180 children were histopathologically diagnosed with central nervous system tumors based on the 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors. Patients were 0 to 15 years old. We analyzed age-related gender preferences, tumor locations and the histological grades of the tumors. In addition, the epidemiological characteristics of the five most common intracranial tumors were compared to the previous studies.Results: In this study, intracranial and spinal tumors account for 96.4% (3 066) and 3.6% (114) of all tumors, with a preponderance of supratentorial tumors (57.9%). Among all pediatric patients, low-grade tumors comprise 67.1% (2 135). The integral gender ratio of males to females is 1.47:1 and the average age of patients is 7.59 years old. The five most common intracranial tumors are craniopharyngioma (15.4%), medulloblastoma (14.3%), pilocytic astrocytoma (11.8%), diffuse astrocytoma (9.8%), and anaplastic ependymoma (4.8%).Conclusions: Due to lack of national data on childhood brain tumors, we used a large nationally representative population sample based on the largest pediatric neurosurgery center in China. We analyzed the data of the past five years, reflecting the incidence of CNS tumors in Chinese children to a certain extent, and laying a data foundation for subsequent clinical studies.
Metagenomic Sequencing Reveals Distinct Microbial Community Structures in Healthy and Diseased Oral Microbiota
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Li Yinhu , Yang Yuguang , Wang Yiqing , Cao Xiao , Xu Yue , Li Shuai Cheng , Zhou Qin
Published: July 2021

Background: Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are common biofilm-mediated infectious diseases affecting teeth and dental implants, and have been considered to be initiated with the adjacent microbial dysbiosis. Study Aim: To further understand the essence of oral microbiota dysbiosis in terms of bacterial interactions, community structure and microbial stability.Methods: We analyzed 64 plaque samples from 34 participants with teeth or implants under different health conditions using metagenomic sequencing. After taxonomical annotation, we computed the core microbiome, analyzed the bacterial co-occurrence networks, and calculated the microbial stability in supra- and sub-gingival plaques from hosts with different health conditions. Result: When inflammation arises, the subgingival communities become less connective and competitive with fewer hub species. In contrast, the supragingival communities tend to be more connective and competitive with a increased number of hub species. Notably, periodontitis and peri-implantitis are associated with significantly increased microbial stability in subgingival plaques. In addition, we also observe similar core bacterial components yet distinct co-occurrence networks and community structures between the healthy and diseased hosts.Conclusion: The findings indicated that the aberrant changes of the bacterial co-occurrence networks and community structures are the essence of dysbiosis in periodontal and peri-implant patients, while breaking the diseased equilibrium and reestablishing healthy equilibrium is crucial for the treatment of periodontitis and peri-implantitis.
Co-disposal Research of Red Mud and Aluminum Electrolysis Solid Waste Based on External Thermal Reduction and Smelting Separation
Authors: TANG En , ZHANG Rui
Published: July 2021

In large aluminum smelting enterprises, the solid wastes of red mud and waste cathodes are satisfied the basic elements requirements of the solid-solid direct reduction technology. Thus, it is proposed a solution to use waste cathodes and red mud under indirect heating supply to produce pellets and to utilize in situ. It has been studied the reduction mechanism of red mud and waste cathode, the influence of carbon allocation method on pellet reduction and the research of the smelting separation and product quality. Experiment shows that the iron of red mud can be successfully reduced by waste cathode and anode toner at high temperature. The metallization rate of iron in red mud can reach more than 95% and the quality of pellets is more suitable with the mode of external carbon mixing. In order to carry out effective melting and separation of slag and iron, the red mud pellets must to be briquetted or to reserve a molten pool before charging into the melting furnace. After separation, the content of iron and carbon in steel can reach about 98.85% and 0.13% respectively, and the yield of iron elements can reach more than 96%, the harmful components flow into the slag can be effectively solidified. Content of alumina in the slag reached about 37% which can be economically recycled to the alumina purification process as a matching.
Tobacco Leaf Curl Puer Virus: a Novel Monopartite Begomovirus Infecting Nicotiana Tabacum in China
Authors: Jiang Ning , Gai Xiaotong , Yin Duan , Zhang Guanghai , Lu Canhua , Guo Jian , Ma Junhong , Xia Zhenyuan
Published: July 2021

Begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae) cause serious diseases in many economic crops and weeds globally. This study characterized a begomovirus isolated from a tobacco plant with leaf curl in Puer, Yunnan Province, China. Analysis of the viral genome obtained from a diseased Nicotiana tabacum plant showed a novel monopartite begomovirus. The DNA-A-like sequence (2741 nt) has the typical Old World monopartite begomovirus genome organization, sharing the highest nucleotide sequence identity (81.2%) with that of Tomato yellow leaf curl Vietnam virus (TYLCVV). According to the current International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV )taxonomic criteria, this is a new species of begomovirus for which the name “Tobacco leaf curl Puer virus” is proposed.
Emoji Emotional States: Classification on the Valence and Arousal Axes
Authors: Kutsuzawa Gaku , Umemura Hiroyuki , Eto Koichiro , Kobayashi Yoshiyuki
Published: July 2021

Emojis are frequently used by people worldwide as a tool to express one’s emotional states, and have recently been applied to the research field to assess the same. However, the details of how they correspond to the human emotional states remain unidentified. Thus, this study aimed to understand how emojis are classified on the valence and arousal axes, and to examine the relationship between the former and the human emotional states. In an online survey of 1,082 participants, a nine-point scale was employed to evaluate the valence and arousal levels of 74 facial emojis. The cluster analysis revealed these emojis to be categorized into six different clusters on the two axes of valence and arousal. Further, the one-way analysis of variance indicated these clusters as having six valence and three arousal levels. From these results, each cluster was interpreted as (1) a strong negative sentiment, (2) a moderately negative sentiment, (3) a neutral sentiment with negative bias, (4) a neutral sentiment with positive bias, (5) a moderately positive sentiment, and (6) a strong positive sentiment. Therefore, facial emojis were found to comprehensively express the human emotional states.
The Frequency of Class1 and 2 and 3 Integrons in Vancomycin-resistant and Aminoglycoside Resistance Enterococcus Strains Isolated From Burn Patients in Southwest Iran
Authors: Montazeri Effat Abbasi , Khosravi Azar Dokht , Ahmadi Khadijah , Afzali Maryam , dezfuli Aram Asareh zadegan
Published: July 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Integration Strategy of ROS Boosting and Antioxidation Inhibiting Initiates Ferroptosis to Enhance Phototherapic Effect on Tumor
Authors: Tao Weiwei , Wang Neng , Ruan Jie , Hu Yue , Wang Chao , Che Chuntao , Sun Dongdong , Duan Jinao , Zhao Ming
Published: July 2021

Conventional phototherapy is often limited by hypoxia, introducing oxygen generators is the common method to relieve it, but the antioxidant path of tumor cell was inevitably initiated. Herein, by integrating oxygen generator (MnO2) and inhibitor of Nrf2 (brusatol) into one nanoplatform, we strive to relieve hypoxia and inhibit the antioxidation simultaneously. Hypoxia was relieved for the triggered decomposition of MnO2 by endogenous H2O2 and it directly strengthened photodynamic therapy (PDT) through boosting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Moreover, high level ROS greatly enhanced the efficacy of photothermal therapy (PTT) by attacking heat shock proteins(HSP). Antioxidant defense was prevented by brusatol through inhibiting the expression of Nrf2. Importantly, MnO2 and brusatol collaboratively induced ferroptosis through raising oxidation, remarkably promoting tumor curative effect. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated the strengthened therapeutic effects of synergistic PDT/PTT, highlighting the great promise of the synergistic modulation strategy with a nanomedicine to overcome the drawbacks of phototherapy.
Reproductive Behaviors of Wild Chinese Pangolin (Manis Pentadactyla): A Case Study Based on Long-Term Monitoring
Authors: Sun Nick Ching-Min , Pei Kurtis Jai-Chyi , Wu Li-Yue
Published: July 2021

Observations of Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) in the wild are extremely rare and challenging because of their nocturnal and cryptic activity patterns and low population density. The present article reported the first field observation in eastern Taiwan, from October 4, 2012 to June 16, 2016, on the reproductive behavior of the Chinese pangolin based on the monitoring of a female (LF28) using radiotelemetry and camera traps. During this period, LF28 aged from 1 to 4.5-years old and gave two single-births, both took place in early December, at 3 and 4 years old, respectively. We recorded the entire 157 days of the first nursing period from parturition to maternal separation. For the second infant, the gestation period was estimated to be around 150 days based on the evidence that the pregnancy started in early Jul. 2015 and the offspring was born on Dec. 9, 2015. During the entire nursing period, LF28 frequently moved the offspring from one nursing burrow to another staying various durations ranging from 1 day to more than 35 days, and almost all (= 15/16) of these burrows were located in the core (MCP75) of LF28’s home range. Started from the month of parturition and lasting throughout the whole nursing period, different adult males constantly visiting the nursing burrows were recorded. Mating behavior was recorded once outside the burrow in March, which provided evidence of the occurrence of post-partum estrus in this species. Delay implantation was proposed based on the observation of a several months lag between copulation and the estimated pregnancy initiation date. The present study demonstrated the advantage of using remote technologies to learn the life history of resting fossorial species.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For an Individual Suffering From Chronic Pain With Overactivity And Sleep Disturbance: A Case Report
Authors: Enomoto Kiyoka , Kugo Masato , Fukui Sei , Sasaki Jun
Published: July 2021

Background: Patients suffering from chronic pain (CP) with overactivity frequently experience sleep disturbance. In order to improve the sleep disturbance of such individuals, changing their daytime activity patterns may be a key treatment strategy.Case presentation: The patient is a 35-year-old woman suffering from CP with sleep disturbance. First, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia was conducted to improve her sleep disturbance. However, due to the overactivity, she did not want to go to sleep earlier. Thus, she practiced activity pacing and changed her daytime activity patterns. Through activity pacing and cognitive restructuring, she stabilized her wake-up and bed times, and returned to work.Conclusions: To improve the sleep disturbance of individuals suffering from CP with overactivity, it is important to combine cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia and activity pacing.
Cortisol Response to Psychological Stress in Patients with Schizophrenia in The Chinese Population
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyu , Zhu Yu , Huang Junchao , Zhou Yanfang , Tong Jinghui , Zhang Ping , Luo Xingguang , Chen Song , Tian Baopeng , Tan Shuping , Wang Zhiren , Han Xiaole , Tian Li , Li Chiang-Shan , Hong Elliot , Tan Yunlong
Published: July 2021

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction might play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Cortisol secretion levels can reflect the function of the HPA axis.This study aimed to explore the cortisol response to psychological stress in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: In this cross-sectional study study, patients with schizophrenia (n = 104) and healthy volunteers (n = 59) were asked to complete psychological stress challenge tasks, which included the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task and Mirror-Tracing Persistence Task, and then, saliva was collected to measure cortisol levels. Emotions and psychopathology were assessed by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results: (1) that the cortisol stress response and negative emotions in patients with schizophrenia differed significantly from those in healthy controls; (2) there were significant interactions between sampling time and diagnosis for saliva cortisol levels; (3) there were significant interactions between scoring time and diagnosis for the negative affect score of the PANAS; and (4) the changes in salivary cortisol levels and negative affect scores before and after the psychological stress challenge tasks were not correlated with clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Conclusions: These findings indicated that an abnormal cortisol stress response might be a stable biological characteristic of schizophrenia.
Depression and Anxiety among University Students: a Comparison Between COVID-19 Pandemic Panic Period and Post-Panic Period in Bangladesh
Authors: Paul Gowranga Kumar , Rahman Meshbahur , Naznin Shayla , Chowdhury Mashfiqul Haq , Uddin Md Jamal
Published: July 2021

Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic is the biggest public health concern. It harmed everyone, both physically and mentally. Because of panic situations in COVID-19 pandemic, students all over the world, including those in Bangladesh, are suffering from depression and anxiety. Considering this, we aimed to assess psycho-emotional changes of the university students through investigating their level of depression and anxiety effects during panic and post-panic period of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.Methods: Cross-sectional online surveys were conducted among university students in Bangladesh from April to July 2020 (panic period, n=170) and then from August to November 2020 (post-panic period, n=170). The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 questionnaires were used to assess respondents' depression and anxiety levels, respectively. We used continuous scores to assess the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms. We also computed binary depression and anxiety scores. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. Results: The proportion of depression symptoms was 49.4% during the panic period and 52.4% after the panic period. Anxiety symptoms were experienced by 38.2% of students during the panic period, and this percentage was nearly identical in the post-panic interval. Depression levels increased in the post-panic period and urban students have significantly (P< 0.05) higher levels of depression and anxiety than their counterparts. Female students also exhibited significantly more anxious symptoms (p=0.002) than male. Depression symptoms significantly vary by family types, students place of residence whereas students age, gender, education, family head's occupation, time period and family economic condition found no significant association with the depression.Conclusions: Students during the post-panic period have a higher prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms than during the panic period. Although the difference was small, it was still concerning for university students in Bangladesh because it interfered with their academic life.
Prebiotics Modify Host Metabolism in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Fed with a Total Plant-Based Diet: Potential Implications for Microbiome-Mediated Diet Optimization
Authors: Lokesh Jep , Ghislain Mylène , Reyrolle Marine , Bechec Mickael Le , Pigot Thierry , Terrier Frédéric , Roy Jérôme , Panserat Stéphane , Ricaud Karine
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe use of plant-based ingredients in aquafeeds is increasing because marine sources of protein and oil are unsustainable. However, plant-based ingredients cause certain metabolic complications in carnivorous species such as rainbow trout. Here, we examined whether prebiotics have the potential to affect the metabolism of juvenile trout (Average weight: 25.88±0.91 g) via microbially derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), inulin or mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) were used at 1% or 2% in a 12-week feeding experiment. We measured changes in the intestinal microbiome, SCFA levels and metabolic responses in the intestine, liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. ResultsIn the intestine, gene expression and SCFA production did not change significantly with prebiotics, although the MOS fed groups were clustered differently. Prebiotics had a significant effect on the abundance of Bacillus, Lactobacillus and Weissella, although posterior intestinal microbial diversity and composition did not change significantly after feeding prebiotics. Two operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to Mycoplasma. dominated all samples with an average relative abundance of >95% per group. Intestinal microvillar structures were significantly improved in length in the inulin-fed groups. Systemically, overall hepatic gene expression was significantly different from control with inulin-fed groups showing upregulation of several metabolic and the fatty acid receptor genes. MOS fed groups showed a dose-dependent but contrasting response in liver and muscle. In addition, a significant reduction in final weight and SGR was observed in MOS fed at 1%. The relative abundance of OTUs belonging to Lactobacillus and Bacillus correlated with hepatic gene expression and final weight of the fish. ConclusionsInulin and MOS appear to differentially affect host metabolism, mainly in the liver and muscle. Differential abundance of Lactobacillus and Bacillus in the prebiotic-fed groups and their correlations with hepatic gene expression could indicate a prebiotic-microbiome-host axis, although this was not conclusively shown through the levels of SCFAs. In combination with a total plant-based diet, inulin could be a promising prebiotic for trout but need to be further investigated. These findings could implicate in microbiome-mediated dietary optimization of rainbow trout.
Durability Performance On Alkali Activated Metakaolin And Bottom Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: M Logesh Kumar , V Revathi
Published: July 2021

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the durability properties of metakaolin (MK) and bottom ash (BA) blended geopolymer under different environmental exposure. The blended geopolymer concrete (GPC) was prepared with sodium based alkaline activators under ambient curing temperature. The concentration of sodium hydroxide used was 8M. The ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide was kept as 2.0. The performance of blended geopolymer concrete was compared with conventional concrete (CC). The test results reveal that blended geopolymer concrete develops a better performance against sulphate and acid resistance. Also, MK- BA GPC shows enhanced performance over the conventional concrete in terms of sorptivity, rapid chloride and water absorption.
A retrospective observational study of Chlorine Dioxide effectiveness to covid19-like symptoms prophylaxis in relatives living with COVID19 patients
Authors: Aparicio-Alonso Manuel , Dominguez-Sanchez Carlos , Banuet-Martinez Marina
Published: July 2021

This preprint has been removed.
Orthorexia Nervosa and Executive Dysfunction: Symptomatology is Related to Difficulties with Behavioral Regulation
Authors: Noebel Natalie A. , Oberle Crystal D. , Marcell Haley S.
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis research explored whether orthorexia nervosa is associated with deficits in executive function.MethodParticipants ( n = 405; 80% women, 53% White, mean age = 24, mean body mass index = 25) completed the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function—Adult version (BRIEF-A). ResultsONI scores were significantly correlated with all BRIEF-A scales, exhibiting the strongest correlations with the scales assessing behavioral regulation: Set Shifting, Inhibition, Emotional Control, and Self-Monitoring. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that these relationships remained significant after controlling for demographic variables (e.g., gender, body mass index, age, education level) and diagnoses of an eating disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, and learning disability. ConclusionThese findings suggest that, despite unique manifestations, orthorexia and anorexia may possess an overlapping neuropsychological profile marked by deficits in executive function, which may negatively impact daily life.Level of evidenceLevel V, descriptive cross-sectional study
Plastic pollution in the aquatic ecosystem: an emerging threat need to be tackled
Authors: Ali Mir Mohammad , Reale Paola , Islam Md. Saiful , Asaduzzaman Md , Alam Mahbub , Rahman Md. Mostafizur
Published: July 2021

The accumulation of plastic substances in the aquatic ecosystem is a threat that should not be underestimated. Smaller plastic pieces, such as microplastics and nanoplastics, are of particular concern since their presence in the food web is persistent. Microplastics enter in the food chain and its very bottom, when aquatic organisms eat or ingest contaminated food materials, and keep being transferred in the next food web such as predators including humans. It is evident that aquatic organisms frequently ingest microplastics across a variety of feeding guilds. Marine organisms may cause shock, inner or outer injuries, ulcerating sores, blocking digestive tracts, fake feelings, degraded feeding capabilities, fatigue, weakness, limited predator prevention, or death due to the ingestion of large plastic material and/or particles. However, effects of microplastic particles on marine organisms and the toxicity mechanisms are largely unknown. There is much more limited evidence of the impacts of microplastics intake on freshwater species, both in the limited number of studies performed and the number of species examined. However, a few recent freshwater investigations imply that the physical impacts are similar to those observed in the sea. As a result, we conducted a brief evaluation of the state of the science in order to identify knowledge gaps and research requirements to examine the impacts of microplastics on aquatic ecosystem. To yet, just a few researches have looked at the biological consequences of plastics on aquatic organisms, and the important transport pathways of plastics from freshwater to marine environments and vice-versa.
Impact of beak manipulation on egg production, some hematological and physiological parameters of Japanese quail raised under Upper Egypt climatic conditions
Authors: Abuoghaba Ahmed Abdel-kareem , Selim Dina Abdel-Fattah , Abdelfattah Mostafa Galal
Published: July 2021

Impact of beak manipulation on egg production, some hematological and physiological parameters of Japanese quail raised under Upper Egypt climatic conditions
Plasma Cell-Free circRNAs Panel Act as Fingerprint Predicts the Occurrence of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Han Jiahui , Lin Qiuhong , Dong Chunguang
Published: July 2021

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently emerged as a new class of RNAs, highly enriched in the human tissues and very stable within cells, exosomes and body fluids. In this study, we aimed to screen the plasma cell-free derived circRNAs in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and investigate whether these circRNAs could predicted LSCC as potential biomarkers. Methods: The circRNA microarray was employed with three samples in each group to screen the dysregulated circRNAs isolated from plasma samples. The top 20 circRNAs were first selected as candidates with the upregulated level in the plasma of LSCC. Results: Further validation found that only circ_0019201, circ_0011773 and circ_0122790 was consistent with training set. The ROC curve also revealed a high diagnostic ability an area under ROC curve value (AUC) for single circRNA and combined. The AUC for circ_0019201, circ_0011773 and circ_0122790 and the combined was 0.933, 0.908, 0.965 and 0.990 in training set. For the validation set, the AUC was 0.766, 0.864, 0.908 and 0.951. The three circRNAs were further investigated with stable expression in human plasma samples. Conclusions: The plasma derived circ_0019201, circ_0011773 and circ_0122790 might be the potential biomarker for predicting the LSCC.
Turnover and Retention Strategies Among Mental Health Workers
Authors: Young Debbie L
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to explore retention strategies that healthcare administrators use to retain mental health workers in community mental health clinics. The study was guided by the question What strategies do HCAs use to retain their MHWs with more than 2 years of experience? MethodsA qualitative case study analysis was performed. Interviews were conducted with six healthcare administrators at Fort Worth area community mental health clinics. Interviews were coded using thematic analysis. To increase the study’s reliability and validity, the interview guide was field checked by experts and member checking performed on interview transcripts.ResultsThe healthcare administrators identified six strategies for retention: providing good benefits packages, promoting worker health and wellness, providing competitive salaries, giving workers flexible scheduling options, incentivizing workers with rewards and positive reinforcement, and maintaining open communication channels.ConclusionsThe results from this study have positive implications for mental health workers, patients, and community mental health clinics. The strategies identified in this study can be implemented to increase worker satisfaction and reduce turnover. In doing so, patients will receive higher quality care and organizations will be more attractive to prospective employees.
Deep Learning Method for Building Image Localization in Smart City
Authors: Long Yuanpeng , Zhang Guo , Pang Yu , Wang Huiqian
Published: July 2021

In recent years, with the construction and development of smart cities, the rapid popularization of the Internet of Things and the sharp increase of Internet users, a large amount of multimedia data with geo-location information shared by users has emerged.However, only a small part of the image data is used correctly.Therefore, building detection can not only realize geographic positioning, but also has guiding significance for GIS mapping and automatic updating.With the extensive application of convolutional neural network and cyclic neural network in image processing, this paper proposes that the BFPN-RCNN algorithm can be used to recognize the curved buildings in the image.By comparing with other image detection algorithms on different data sets, it is proved that the proposed algorithm can effectively locate curved images in natural scene images.
Epidemiological Trends of Urinary Tract Infections, Urolithiasis and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in 204 Countries and Territories From 1990 to 2019
Authors: Zhu Cong , Wang Dan-Qi , Zi Hao , Huang Qiao , Gu Jia-Min , Li Lu-Yao , Guo Xin-Pei , Li Fei , Fang Cheng , Li Xiao-Dong , Zeng Xian-Tao
Published: July 2021

BackgroundTo investigate the disease burden of urinary tract infections (UTI), urolithiasis, and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.MethodsData were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2019, including incident cases, deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and corresponding age-standardized rate (ASR) from 1990 to 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated to evaluate the trends of ASR. The associations between disease burden and social development degrees were analyzed by socio-demographic index (SDI).ResultsCompared with 1990, the incident cases of UTI, urolithiasis, and BPH increased by 60.40%, 48.57%, and 105.70% in 2019, respectively. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of UTI increased (EAPC = 0.08), while urolithiasis (EAPC = -0.83) and BPH (EAPC = -0.03) decreased from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of UTI and urolithiasis was 3.13/100,000 and 0.17/100,000, respectively. BPH had the largest increase (110.56%) in DALYs in past three decades, followed by UTI (68.89%) and urolithiasis (16.95%). The burden of UTI mainly concentrated in South Asia and Tropical Latin America while the burden of urolithiasis and BPH was recorded in Asia and Eastern Europe. Moreover, the ASIR and SDI of urolithiasis in high SDI regions from 1990 to 2019 were negatively correlated, while the opposite trend was in low SDI regions. In 2019, the ASIR of UTI in female was 3.59 times that of male, while the ASIR of urolithiasis in male was 1.96 times higher than female. The incidence was highest in 30-34, 55-59, and 65-69 age group among UTI, urolithiasis, and BPH, respectively. ConclusionsOver the past three decades, the disease burden remains increased in UTI, while decreased in urolithiasis and BPH. The allocation of medical resources should be more based on the epidemiological characteristics and geographical distribution of diseases.
The Energy Equity Gap: Unveiling Hidden Energy Poverty
Authors: Cong Shuchen , Nock Destenie , Qiu Yueming (Lucy) , Xing Bo
Published: July 2021

Income-based energy poverty metrics miss people's behavior (i.e., reducing energy consumption to limit financial stress). We introduce a novel method for calculating energy-limiting behavior in low-income households using a residential electricity consumption dataset. We first determine the outdoor temperature at which households start using cooling systems, the inflection temperature. Our energy poverty metric, the energy equity gap, is defined as the difference in the inflection temperatures between low and high-income groups. In our study region, we estimate the energy equity gap to be between 4.7°F and 7.5°F. In 2015–2016, within our sample of 4,577 households, we found 86 energy-poor and 214 energy-insecure households. In contrast, the income-based energy burden metric identified 141 households as energy insecure when the threshold was set to 10%. Only three households overlapped between the energy equity gap and energy burden measures. Thus, the energy equity gap reveals a hidden but complementary aspect of energy poverty.
Prevalence and factors associated with childhood diarrheal disease and acute respiratory infection in Bangladesh: An analysis of a nationwide cross-sectional survey
Authors: Kundu Satyajit , Kundu Subarna , Banna Md. Hasan Al , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Okyere Joshua
Published: July 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of CDDs and ARIs and also to determine the factors associated with these conditions at the population level in Bangladesh.Setting: The study entailed an analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional secondary data from the most recent Bangladesh Demography and Health Survey (BDHS) data conducted in 2017–2018.Participants: A total of 7222 children < 5 years old for CDDs, and 7215 children aged below 5 years for ARIs during the survey from mothers aged between 15 to 49 years are the participants of this study.Results: The overall prevalence of CDD and ARI among children < 5 years old were found to be 4.91% and 3.03%, respectively. Younger children were more likely to develop both CDDs and ARIs compared to their older counterparts. Children belonging to households classified as poorest (aOR = 2.414, 95% CI (1.091 to 5.341)) and with unimproved floor materials (aOR = 1.821, 95% CI (1.145 to 2.896)) had a higher prevalence of diarrhea than those from households identified as richest and with improved floor material, respectively. Stunted children had 40.8% higher odds of diarrhea than normal children (aOR = 1.408, 95% CI (1.055 to 1.879)). Male children were 48.9% more likely to develop ARI than female children (aOR = 1.489, 95% CI (1.132 to 1.960)). Children of mothers aged below 20 years had 2 times higher odds of ARI compared to children of mothers aged 20 to 34 years (aOR = 2.166, 95% CI (1.403 to 3.344)). Children whose mothers had no formal education or had primary and secondary education had higher odds of ARI compared to children of mothers having higher education.Conclusion: Programs targeting children aged below 23 months should be designed and emphasis should be given to addressing barriers to mother’s education and household wealth to reduce CDDs and ARIs.
The ECtHR’s Ilias and Ahmed and the CJEU’s FMS-case: a difficult reconciliation?
Authors: Bombay Anne , Heynen Pieterjan
Published: July 2021

Recently, two important judgments concerning detention in European Asylum law were issued: the Ilias and Ahmed case of the ECtHR and the FMS-case of the CJEU. Both Courts had to decide on the question whether the situation of asylum seekers in the Hungarian Röszke transit zone amounted to detention. Notwithstanding the similar facts of the cases, no violation of Article 5 ECHR was found by the ECtHR, whereas the CJEU clearly condemned Hungary for its violation of EU Asylum Law. This raises questions concerning the reconcilability and long-term effects of the two judgments.

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Kürzlich sind zwei wichtige Urteile zu Freiheitsentzug im europäischen Asylrecht ergangen: Ilias und Ahmed gegen Ungarn des EGMR und der FMS-Fall des EuGH. Beide Gerichte hatten zu entscheiden, ob die Situation von Asylsuchenden in der ungarischen Transitzone Röszke einer Freiheitsentziehung entsprach. Obwohl den Urteilen vergleichbare Sachverhalte zugrunde lagen, stellte der EGMR keine Verletzung von Artikel 5 EMRK fest, während der EUGH Ungarn für die Verletzung des EU-Asylrechts verurteilte. Dies wirft Fragen nach der Vereinbarkeit und den langfristigen Auswirkungen der beiden Urteile auf.

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Récemment, deux arrêts importants relatifs de la privation de liberté en droit d'asile européen ont été rendus : Ilias et Ahmed c. Hongrie de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme, et l'affaire FMS de la CJUE. Les deux tribunaux devaient décider si la situation des demandeurs d'asile dans la zone de transit hongroise de Röszke constituait une privation de liberté. Bien que ces arrêts soient fondés sur des faits comparables, la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme n'a constaté aucune violation de l'article 5 de la CEDH, tandis que la CJUE a estimé que la Hongrie avait clairement violé la législation européenne en matière d'asile. Cela soulève des questions concernant la conciliation et les effets à long terme de ces deux décisions.
El Bicentenario republicano del Derecho Penal peruano
Authors: Momethiano Santiago Javier Ysrael , Farfán Sullcahuaman Daivi Emerson
Published: July 2021

El Bicentenario republicano del Derecho Penal peruano, es una mirada histórica de los comienzos, dificultades, proyectos y reformas de la legislación penal del Perú, apreciando su fundamento en el periodo prehispánico (Derecho Penal indígena), luego en el periodo hispánico (Derecho Penal indiano), continuando con la intervención de San Martin y Bolívar (Derecho Penal criollo) y finalizando con el periodo republicano (Derecho Penal nacional en el siglo XIX, cambios legislativos penales en el siglo XX, e impulsos por mejorar la legislación penal vigente en el siglo XXI).
Trabajo en equipo y principio de confianza en el debate de la responsabilidad penal por mala praxis médica
Authors: Momblanc Liuver Camilo
Published: July 2021

La complejidad de los procesos de responsabilidad médica en la actualidad requiere de iniciativas investigativas que brinden respuestas a los numerosos problemas que enfrentan los tribunales penales. En este sentido, la determinación de la responsabilidad penal imprudente en el marco de la ejecución de una actividad conjunta, como es el caso de los equipos médicos, constituye una de las cuestiones dogmáticas y prácticas necesitadas de una atención doctrinal. Con tales propósitos, este artículo tiene por objeto la realización de una breve sistematización de los presupuestos del principio de confianza como criterio válido para la delimitación de la responsabilidad penal en los casos de mala praxis o imprudencia médica en supuestos de actuación conjunta. También, sobre la base de estos postulados, se examina el ordenamiento jurídico-penal, la praxis médica y judicial cubana para indagar el estado de conocimiento y tratamiento de esta institución dogmática. Finalmente, se proponen un conjunto de pautas para la evaluación de la responsabilidad penal en los supuestos de aplicación del principio en la actuación médica.
En Argentina sí hay negros: el reconocimiento de la discriminación estructural y los perfiles raciales. A propósito del caso Acosta Martínez y otros vs. Argentina
Authors: Bucetto María Sol
Published: July 2021

El caso Acosta Martínez y otros vs. Argentina visibilizó un patrón grave de violencia policial, discriminación racial e impunidad existente en Argentina en la década del ’90. El Estado argentino efectuó un reconocimiento de responsabilidad respecto al contexto de discriminación estructural y la utilización institucional de perfiles raciales en perjuicio de las personas afrodescendientes. Ello habilitó a la Corte Interamericana a reforzar estándares establecidos respecto al uso de la fuerza, el principio de no discriminación y el derecho a no ser privado de la libertad física arbitrariamente.
Liderazgo y su relación con la creatividad en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Chávez Silva Raúl , Gallegos Vela Lorena , Carrasco Campos Enma , Hernández Félix Manuel
Published: July 2021

Numerosas investigaciones sobre el liderazgo y la creatividad en las organizaciones sociales señalan una relación entre ambas; sin embargo, queda por ampliar dicha explicación en grupos que se preparan para ejercer la docencia en la educación básica. Nuestro objetivo constituyó en comprobar la relación en un contexto académico, utilizando instrumentos desarrollados por estudiosos como Fischman (liderazgo) y Dadamia (creatividad). Se realizó un estudio en una muestra estratificada de 147 estudiantes universitarios en la cual el 97 % fue de sexo femenino. El resultado estadístico no paramétrico Rho de Spearman muestra un Coeficiente de correlación débil de ,237 con una significancia de ,001 (bilateral).
Российский фармацевтический рынок по итогам I квартала 2021 года
Authors: Калинина Надежда , Шестовец Анастасия
Published: July 2021

В связи с сохраняющейся не вполне благоприятной эпидемиологической ситуацией, фармацевтический рынок России по-прежнему остается одним из самых стабильно растущих в рублях. Ажиотажный спрос на ЛП, повышение роли государственного сегмента, увеличение значимости и скорости принятия законодательных инициатив – все эти факторы заметно сказались как на динамике рынка в целом, так и на его конъюнктуре, став для фармы не только испытанием на прочность, но и шансом реализации новых возможностей.
Импорт фармацевтических субстанций в Россию в 2020 году
Authors: Нечаева Юлия
Published: July 2021

2020 г. со всеми его вызовами обнажил в т. ч. и высокую зависимость России от импорта фармацевтических субстанций, а также показал ряд проблем, с которыми могут столкнуться отечественные производители.
Diagnostic efficiency of myocardial perfusion computed tomography with transesophageal pacing in patients with an initial diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Omarov Yu. A. , Veselova T. N. , Shakhnovich R. M. , Sukhinina T. S. , Zhukova N. S. , Merkulova I. N. , Barysheva N. A. , Pevzner D. V. , Shitov V. N. , Atabaeva L. S. , Khangoev R. O. , Arutyunyan G. K. , Mironov V. M. , Merkulov E. V. , Staroverov I. I. , Ternovoy S. K.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is widely used to detect atherosclerotic changes in coronary arteries (CA). However, the method is limited by the impossibility to perform functional assessment of detected stenoses. Perfusion computed tomography of the myocardium (PCT) can be used for this purpose.

Aim of the study. To assess diagnostic accuracy of PCT of the myocardium with transesophageal electrocardiostimulation (TEES) and stress-echocardiography (stress-echoCG) with veloergometry (VEM) in detection of transient ischemia in patients with initial diagnosis of “acute coronary syndrome” (ACS) with borderline stenoses (50–75%) in CA in relation to measurements of fractional flow reserve (FFR).

Materials and Methods. The study included 30 patients with the initial diagnosis of ACS with borderline (50–75%) stenoses in CA according to CTA or coronary angiography (CAG). Subsequently, they underwent myocardial PCT with 320-row detector with TEES, as well as stress-echoCG with VEM. Invasive FFR measurement was used as a reference method. FFR value < 0.8 indicated hemodynamic significance of stenosis. Myocardial perfusion was assessed visually. Regional myocardial contractility of the left ventricle was assessed by stress-echoCG.

Results. All patients were examined according to the stated protocol. PCT with TEES revealed FFR-significant stenoses with sensitivity, specificity, prognostic value of positive result and prognostic value of negative result 56, 93, 90, 65% respectively, stress-echoCG with VEM 62, 93, 91, 68% respectively.

Conclusion. Myocardial PCT with TEES enables to detect perfusion defects associated with transient ischemia, and the diagnostic accuracy of the method in comparison with FFR is comparable with the already well-proven stress-echoCG. The use of PCT with TEES in combination with CTA can be considered as a promising diagnostic tool in patients without known coronary anatomy and with suspected ACS.
Cardiomyopathy and multiple arterial thrombosis in a patient with severe tachyform atrial fibrillation after COVID-19
Authors: Shakhmatova O. O. , Panchenko E. P. , Balakhonova T. V. , Makeev M. I. , Mironov V. M. , Blankova Z. N. , Butorova E. A.
Published: July 2021

We present a case of cardiomyopathy with a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction of up to 18%, multivessel arterial thrombosis in a patient who had undergone severe COVID-19 3.5 months earlier. The cardiopathy was initially considered as an outcome of SARSCoV2-induced myocarditis, but MRI with delayed gadolinium contrast revealed no fibrosis or evidence of active myocarditis. A detailed collection of the medical history showed that the duration of tachyform atrial fibrillation exceeded the 4 months indicated in the medical records. Oligosymptomatic manifestation of arrhythmia occurred 8 months earlier, the patient did not consult a physician due to epidemic conditions. Coronary angiography revealed subtotal stenosis of the anterior descending artery. Most probably, the cardiopathy was arrhythmogenic and ischemic. After achieving normosystole and coronary stenting, the left ventricular ejection fraction was 25-27%. At the first hospitalization 4 months ago, left atrial auricular thrombus was detected. After COVID-19 the patient received inadequately low dose of apixaban 5 mg per day. Three weeks after COVID-19, the patient was diagnosed with infarction of the right kidney, wall thrombosis in the abdominal aorta, thrombosis of the superficial femoral, deep femoral, popliteal, anterior tibial arteries on the left, right popliteal artery; thrombotic complications could have developed both in situ and as a result of cardioembolism. Administration of dabigatran 300 mg per day and aspirin helped to dissolve the thrombus in the left atrial auricle, improve the course of intermittent claudication, and avoid recurrent thrombotic complications. COVID-19 could contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis, more malignant course of atrial fibrillation, development of thrombosis, but coronavirus infection is not the only cause of severe disease in a patient. СOVID-19 can not only be the cause of direct lesions of the heart and vessels, but also have an indirect negative effect - to delay the detection of cardiac pathology and be the cause of its hypodiagnosis under the mask of “postcovid”.