bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Azulene Derivatives That Have an Azathiacrown Ether Moiety and Their Selective Color Reaction Towards Silver Ions
Authors: Wakabayashi Shigeharu , Uchida Miyuki , Tanaka Rika , Habata Yoichi , Shimizu Makoto
Published: September 2013

Azulene derivatives that have an azathiacrown ether moiety were synthesized by using a modification of the method described by Vögtle and co‐workers. These compounds are highly selective for detecting Ag+ions, which is demonstrated visually by a color change from orange to violet. Structural studies of the Ag+‐induced colored product by NMR spectroscopy and ESI‐MS identified a 1:1 (Ag+:ligand) complex formed by the coordination of Ag+ion with the azathiacrown ether moiety. Competition experiments in the presence of other metal ions, ESI MS/MS experiments on the Ag+and Hg2+complexes, and DFT calculations on the Ag+complex suggest that the high selectivity and color change for Ag+ion is due to the relatively strong binding of the azathiacrown ether moiety to Ag+ion, and not to π–cation interactions. Azulene derivatives that are highly selective toward a particular heavy metal ion and undergo a distinct color change have not been reported before.
Polysulfone/zinc oxide nanoparticle mixed matrix membranes for CO2/CH4 separation
Authors: Moradihamedani Pourya , Ibrahim Nor Azowa , Ramimoghadam Donya , Yunus Wan Md Zin Wan , Yusof Nor Azah
Published: September 2013

Preparation and characterization of novel polysulfone/zinc oxide (PSf/ZnO) mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with different ZnO loadings for high selective CO2/CH4 separation were aimed in this study. Scanning electron microscopy photographs demonstrated that spongy and small tear like pores in plain PSf membrane (0 wt % of ZnO) replaced with large tear like pores close to surface layer by increasing ZnO content up to 0.1 and 1 wt %. In contrast, a dense and less free volume structure was obtained in membranes having 3 and 5 wt % of ZnO. Membrane porosity increased from 28.68 to 50.51% with increasing ZnO content from 0 to 1 wt %. Then, a reduction in porosity was observed for membranes containing 3 and 5 wt % of ZnO. Atomic force microscopy images presented variation in membrane surface roughness. Surface roughness decreased from 67.64 nm for plain PSf to 47.86 nm for membrane containing 1 wt % of ZnO. While, surface roughness increased and reached to 115.5 and 122.4 nm for MMMs having 3 and 5 wt % of ZnO. Gas separation properties of PSf/ZnO MMMs were examined and CO2/CH4 selectivity of MMMs containing 3 and 5 wt % of ZnO were 22.29 and 54.29, respectively, in 1 bar feed pressure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39745.
Direct Amidation from Alcohols and Amines through a Tandem Oxidation Process Catalyzed by Heterogeneous‐Polymer‐Incarcerated Gold Nanoparticles under Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Soulé Jean‐François , Miyamura Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Shū
Published: September 2013

We describe herein a highly elegant and suitable synthesis of amide products from alcohols and amines through a tandem oxidation process that uses molecular oxygen as a terminal oxidant. Carbon‐black‐stabilized polymer‐incarcerated gold (PICB‐Au) or gold/cobalt (PICB‐Au/Co) nanoparticles were employed as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst depending on alcohol reactivity and generated only water as the major co‐product of the reaction. A wide scope of substrate applicability was shown with 42 examples. The catalysts could be recovered and reused without loss of activity by using a simple operation.
Photophysical and Laser Properties of Cassettes based on a BODIPY and Rhodamine Pair
Authors: Gartzia‐Rivero Leire , Yu Haibo , Bañuelos Jorge , López‐Arbeloa Iñigo , Costela Angel , Garcia‐Moreno Inmaculada , Xiao Yi
Published: September 2013

This work deals with the synthesis and the photophysical and laser properties of new BODIPY‐rhodamine cassettes. These dyads differ in their rigid and conjugated spacer group (phenyl or acetylenephenyl) and in their linking positions (meta or para). The photophysical properties of these cassettes are controlled by the formation/opening of the spirolactone ring, which, in turn, switches off/on an energy‐transfer process between the chromophores. Herein, we thoroughly describe the influence of the attached spacer group, as well as the distance and orientation between the donor–acceptor pair, on the excitation energy transfer. The observed fast dynamics and efficiency suggest that the process mainly takes place “through‐bond”, although the “through‐space” mechanism also contributes to the whole process. As a result, efficient laser emission from the rhodamine is achieved upon excitation of the BODIPY, in particular for the cassette that contains an acetylenephenyl spacer group in a para disposition.
Total Synthesis of a Glycoglycerolipid from Meiothermus taiwanensis through a One‐Pot Glycosylation Reaction and Exploration of its Immunological Properties
Authors: Ghosh Bhaswati , Lai Yen‐Hsun , Shih Yu‐Yin , Pradhan Tapan Kumar , Lin Chun‐Hung , Mong Kwok‐Kong Tony
Published: September 2013

The total synthesis of a glycoglycerolipid isolate of Meiothermus taiwanensis and its truncated structural analogues is reported. Our synthesis employed DMF‐modulated and low‐concentration glycosylation reactions for the construction of α‐ and β‐glycosidic bonds in the absence of participating protecting groups. Further simplification of the synthesis was achieved by employing a low‐concentration one‐pot glycosylation procedure. Preliminary immunological studies showed that one of the truncated structural analogues suppressed the cytokine production of THP‐1 monocytes.
Molecular farming in tobacco hairy roots by triggering the secretion of a pharmaceutical antibody
Authors: Häkkinen Suvi T. , Raven Nicole , Henquet Maurice , Laukkanen Marja‐Leena , Anderlei Tibor , Pitkänen Juha‐Pekka , Twyman Richard M. , Bosch Dirk , Oksman‐Caldentey Kirsi‐Marja , Schillberg Stefan , Ritala Anneli
Published: September 2013

Recombinant pharmaceutical proteins expressed in hairy root cultures can be secreted into the medium to improve product homogeneity and to facilitate purification, although this may result in significant degradation if the protein is inherently unstable or particularly susceptible to proteases. To address these challenges, we used a design of experiments approach to develop an optimized induction protocol for the cultivation of tobacco hairy roots secreting the full‐size monoclonal antibody M12. The antibody yield was enhanced 30‐fold by the addition of 14 g/L KNO3, 19 mg/L 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid and 1.5 g/L of the stabilizing agent polyvinylpyrrolidone. Analysis of hairy root cross sections revealed that the optimized medium induced lateral root formation and morphological changes in the inner cortex and pericycle cells, indicating that the improved productivity was at least partially based on the enhanced efficiency of antibody secretion. We found that 57% of the antibody was secreted, yielding 5.9 mg of product per liter of induction medium. Both the secreted and intracellular forms of the antibody could be isolated by protein A affinity chromatography and their functionality was confirmed using vitronectin‐binding assays. Glycan analysis revealed three major plant complex‐type glycans on both forms of the antibody, although the secreted form was more homogeneous due to the predominance of a specific glycoform. Tobacco hairy root cultures therefore offer a practical solution for the production of homogeneous pharmaceutical antibodies in containment. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 336–346. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Urban Crisis and Pathways to a Multiracial Democracy
Authors: Ivery Curtis L.
Published: September 2013

Realization of a multiracial democracy is challenged like never before by a new era of color‐blind politics and postracial supposition, fueled in part by the election of our first black President in 2008, but contradicted by the chronic persistence of racial segregation and social inequality.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel Ludwigite Borate: Mg2InBO5.
Authors: Li H. K. , Wang L. , Cai G. M. , Fan J. J. , Fan X. , Jin Z. P.
Published: September 2013

The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of MgO, In2O3, and H3BO3 (1300 °C, 36 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Near UV‐Pumped Bluish‐White Emitting K(Ba,Sr,Ca)BP2O8:Eu2+ Phosphors.
Authors: Su Shaodong , Liu Wei , Duan Ruijing , Cao Lixin , Su Ge , Zhao Chenggong
Published: September 2013

A series of Eu2+‐doped K(Ba,Sr,Ca)BP2O8 phosphors is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of K2CO3, BaCO3, H3BO3, NH4H2PO4, SrCO3, CaCO3, and Eu2O3 (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Heavy Doping of Nickel in Compound Mo3Sb7: Structure and Thermoelectric Properties.
Authors: Deng Xiaolong , Lue Minfeng , Meng Jian
Published: September 2013

Polycrystalline heavily Ni‐doped Mo3Sb7 phases (NixMo3‐yNiySb7, x + y = 0.00, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (evacuated quartz ampoules, 1043 K, 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Large Reversible Magnetocaloric Effect in LnMn2 (Ln: Tb, Dy, Ho, Er) Compounds.
Authors: Zuo Wenliang , Hu Fengxia , Sun Jirong , Shen Baogen
Published: September 2013

The title compounds are prepared by arc melting of stoichiometric amounts of the elements followed by annealing (1073 K, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Reversible Intercalation of Hexagonal Boron Nitride with Broensted Acids.
Authors: Kovtyukhova Nina I. , Wang Yuanxi , Lv Ruitao , Terrones Mauricio , Crespi Vincent H. , Mallouk Thomas E.
Published: September 2013

Thermal drying of suspensions of hexagonal BN with H2SO4, H3PO4, and HClO4 (70—1000 °C) results in nonoxidative intercalation to form stage‐1 compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Polytellurides of Mn, Fe, and Zn from Mild Solvothermal Reactions in Liquid Ammonia.
Authors: Kysliak Oleksandr , Marcus Max , Bredow Thomas , Beck Johannes
Published: September 2013

[Mn(NH3)6]Te4 (I), [Fe(NH3)6]Te4·NH3 (II), and [Zn(NH3)4]2Te15 (III) are obtained by solvothermal reaction of elemental Mn, Fe, and Zn with Te in liquid NH3 at 50 °C (≤50% yield for (II), 100% yield for (I) and (III)).
ChemInform Abstract: Low Temperature Synthesis of Silicon Carbide Nanomaterials Using a Solid‐State Method.
Authors: Dasog Mita , Smith Larissa F. , Purkait Tapas K. , Veino Jonathan G. C.
Published: September 2013

Controlled morphologies of β‐SiC nanocrystalline materials are prepared via solid‐state metathesis reaction of sol‐gel derived SiO2 nanospheres, nanorods, and nanofibers, together with Mg and C powders (600 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Pb2B3O5.5(OH)2 and [Pb3(B3O7)](NO)3: Facile Syntheses of New Lead(II) Borates by Simply Changing the pH Values of the Reaction Systems.
Authors: Song Jun‐Ling , Hu Chun‐Li , Xu Xiang , Kong Fang , Mao Jiang‐Gao
Published: September 2013

Compounds (II) and (III) are characterized by single crystal XRD, optical diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, second harmonic generation measurements, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Magnetism, and Electrochemistry of the Ni14‐ and Ni5‐ Containing Heteropolytungstates [Ni14(OH)6(H2O)10 (HPO4)4 (P2W15O56)4]34‐ and [Ni5(OH)4(H2O)4 (β‐GeW9O34) (β‐GeW8O30(OH))]13‐.
Authors: Ibrahim Masooma , Xiang Yixian , Bassil Bassem S. , Lan Yanhua , Powell Annie K. , de Oliveira Pedro , Keita Bineta , Kortz Ulrich
Published: September 2013

The two new compounds (IV) and (VII) are synthesized and characterized by single crystal XRD, IR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Oxidative α‐Cyanation of Tertiary Aromatic Amines with Trimethylsilyl Cyanide and tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide.
Authors: Sakai Norio , Mutsuro Akihiro , Ikeda Reiko , Konakahara Takeo
Published: September 2013

The method is suitable for the α‐cyanation of N,N‐dimethylanilines and cyclic amines such as (IV) and (VI), whereas N,N‐diethylaniline does not react.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereodivergent Carbometalation/Oxidation/Selective Ring Opening: Formation of All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereogenic Centers in Acyclic Systems.
Authors: Delaye Pierre‐Olivier , Didier Dorian , Marek Ilan
Published: September 2013

The developed title reaction sequence allows the preparation of both enantiomers of aldehyde (VIb) starting from the same initial cyclopropene derivative [(S)‐Ib].
ChemInform Abstract: The Use of Methyl 2,2‐Difluoro‐2‐(fluorosulfonyl)acetate as the Difluorocarbene Source to Generate an in situ Source of Difluoromethylene Triphenylphosphonium Ylide.
Authors: Thomoson Charles S. , Martinez Henry , Dolbier William R. Jr.
Published: September 2013

This new Wittig‐type reaction of difluorocarbene (II) with aldehydes or an activated ketone produces 1,1‐difluoroalkenes in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expedient Synthesis of Cinnamyl Fluorides from Morita—Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Lim Cheol Hee , Kim Se Hee , Lee Hyun Ju , Kim Hyung Jin , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: September 2013

The bromides (I) are synthesized by literature‐known procedures from Morita—Baylis—Hillman‐alcohols by treatment with HBr or PBr3.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Preparation of 2‐(Pinacolato)boron‐Substituted Allylcopper Complexes and Their in situ Site‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective Additions to Aldehydes and Ketones.
Authors: Meng Fanke , Jang Hwanjong , Jung Byunghyuck , Hoveyda Amir H.
Published: September 2013

The complexes are efficiently generated by base‐promoted reaction in the presence of bisphosphine ligands and coupled in situ with the carbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of C=N Bonds by the Release of H2: A New Strategy for Synthesis of Imines and Benzazoles.
Authors: Liu Renhua , et al. et al.
Published: September 2013

An oxidant‐ and H‐acceptor‐free heterogeneous catalysis protocol for the dehydrogenation of amines into imines with liberation of H2 is developed and applied to the synthesis of benzoxazoles, benzimidazoles, and benzothiazoles via a one‐pot cascade reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Titanocene Catalysis in Multicomponent Couplings: A Convergent Assembly of β‐Alkynyl Ketones.
Authors: Campos Catherine A. , Gianino Joseph B. , Ashfeld Brandon L.
Published: September 2013

A titanocene‐catalyzed multicomponent coupling approach toward β‐alkynyl ketones from readily available silyl enol ethers, aldehydes, and iodoalkynes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Terminal Alkynes to Aromatic Nitriles Catalyzed by Divalent Lanthanide Amides Supported by Amidates: Synthesis of Ynones.
Authors: Ding Hao , Lu Chengrong , Hu Xiaolin , Zhao Bei , Wu Bing , Yao Yingming
Published: September 2013

A facile protocol including the novel dimeric europium catalyst (I) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Acetylide Ion(C22‐) as a Synthon to Link Electrophiles and Nucleophiles: A Simple Method for Enaminone Synthesis.
Authors: Yu Dingyi , Sum Yin Ngai , Ean Amanda Chng Cheng , Chin Mei Ping , Zhang Yugen
Published: September 2013

The three‐component reaction of aryl aldehyde, calcium carbide and a bulky secondary amine provides a direct synthesis of enaminones (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogenous Catalytic Method for the Conversion of Aldoximes into Nitriles Using Molecular Sieve Modified with Copper(II).
Authors: Kiss Arpad , Hell Zoltan
Published: September 2013

The catalyst is recyclable and reusable at least ten times without significant loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Furans with Alkynes: Formation of Phenols and Indenes.
Authors: Huguet Nuria , Leboeuf David , Echavarren Antonio M.
Published: September 2013

No reaction occurs with furans bearing electron‐withdrawing groups such as formyl or acetyl.
ChemInform Abstract: NHC‐Catalyzed Reactions of Enals with Water as a Solvent.
Authors: Leong Wendy Wen Yi , Chen Xingkuan , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: September 2013

The NHC‐catalyzed reaction of enals (I) with chalcones (II) in water leads to trisubstituted cyclopentenes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Desymmetrization of Cyclohexadienones via Intramolecular Stetter Reaction to Construct Tricyclic Carbocycles.
Authors: Jia Min‐Qiang , You Shu‐Li
Published: September 2013

Optimized conditions including a polycyclic chiral triazole catalyst allow the conversion of cyclohexadienones into optically active tricycles with enantioselectivities up to 89%.
ChemInform Abstract: A Singlet Oxygen Approach to Oxaspirocycles.
Authors: Jones Kevin M. , Hillringhaus Tim , Klussmann Martin
Published: September 2013

Oxidation of monovalent phenol substrates is followed by reduction of the resulting hydroperoxides to alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of CF3‐Containing Epoxides and Aziridines by Visible‐Light‐Driven Trifluoromethylation of Allylic Alcohols and Amines.
Authors: Kim Eunjin , Choi Sungkyu , Kim Heejeong , Cho Eun Jin
Published: September 2013

An efficient method for the generation of CF3‐containing epoxides and aziridines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Effective Synthesis of Chiral N‐Fluoroaryl Aziridines Through Enantioselective Aziridination of Alkenes with Fluoroaryl Azides.
Authors: Jin Li‐Mei , Xu Xue , Lu Hongjian , Cui Xin , Wojtas Lukasz , Zhang X. Peter
Published: September 2013

A Co‐porphyrin derived metalloradical catalyst having four (R,R)‐naphthylcyclopropyl carboxylic acid substituents is developed for the highly enantioselective aziridination of styrenes with fluoroaryl azides.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of New 4‐Alkylthio Monocyclic β‐Lactams.
Authors: Lee Sang Hyup
Published: September 2013

The designed products (VI and XIV) contain penicillin‐like structures.
ChemInform Abstract: KG‐60‐Piperazine as a New Heterogeneous Catalyst for Gewald Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Rezaei‐Seresht Esmail , Tayebee Reza , Yasemi Mohammad
Published: September 2013

Carbonyl compounds (I) react with malononitrile as well as ethyl cyanoacetate and sulfur in the presence of catalytic amounts of piperazine supported on amorphous silica to furnish aminothiophene derivatives (III) (14 examples) in good yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Complex N‐Heterocycle Synthesis via Iron‐Catalyzed, Direct C—H Bond Amination.
Authors: Hennessy Elisabeth T. , Betley Theodore A.
Published: September 2013

The synthesis of highly functionalized pyrrolidines and oxazolidines by an intramolecular C—H‐amination employing aliphatic azides as substrates is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of N‐tert‐Prenylindoles.
Authors: Johnson Kirsten F. , Van Zeeland Ryan , Stanley Levi M.
Published: September 2013

Additionally small amounts of n‐prenyl substituted reaction products are found.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Aryl‐Substituted 2‐Oxyindoles by Superelectrophilic Chemistry.
Authors: Naredla Rajasekhar Reddy , Raja Erum K. , Klumpp Douglas A.
Published: September 2013

The TfOH‐mediated Friedel—Crafts reaction of the 3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxyindole substrates with arenes proceeds via a dicationic, superelectrophilic species to give the products with high regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Consecutive Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cyclization Reactions of o‐(Buta‐1,3‐diyn‐1‐yl‐)‐Substituted N‐Aryl Ureas: A One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrimido[1,6‐a]indol‐1(2H)‐ones and Related Systems.
Authors: Sharp Phillip P. , Banwell Martin G. , Renner Jens , Lohmann Klaas , Willis Anthony C.
Published: September 2013

Treatment of readily available o‐(buta‐1,3‐diyn‐1‐yl)‐substituted N‐aryl ureas with Echavarren′s gold(I) catalyst under microwave irradiation affords, via a twofold cyclization process, pyrimido[1,6‐a]indol‐1(2H)‐ones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Densely Functionalized 3a,4‐Dihydro‐1H‐pyrrolo[1,2‐b]pyrazoles via Base Mediated Domino Reaction of Vinyl Malononitriles with 1,2‐Diaza‐1,3‐dienes.
Authors: Attanasi Orazio A. , Favi Gianfranco , Geronikaki Athina , Mantellini Fabio , Moscatelli Giada , Paparisva Aliki
Published: September 2013

A domino reaction of 1,2‐diaza‐1,3‐dienes with vinyl malonitriles produces unprecedented 3a,4‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrolo[1,2‐b]pyrazoles in a chemo‐ and regioselective fashion.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and in vitro Screening of New 1H‐Pyrazole and 1,2‐Isoxazole Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors for ROS and MAPK14 Kinases.
Authors: Al‐Sanea Mohammad M. , El‐deeb Ibrahim M. , Lee So Ha
Published: September 2013

A new series of pyrazoles (VII) and their isoxazole analogues (VIII) are designed, synthesized and evaluated for the kinase inhibitory activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 2‐Perfluoroalkylated Benzoxazolines and Benzothiazolines.
Authors: Bian Linglin , Lu Xuesheng , Xu Jiechao , Chen Jie , Deng Hongmei , Shao Min , Jin Yong , Zhang Hui , Cao Weiguo
Published: September 2013

Various new title compounds are synthesized under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Nitrile Oxides with Masked o‐Benzoquinones; Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Isoxazolines.
Authors: Chittimalla Santhosh Kumar , Kuppusamy Rajesh , Thiyagarajan Kamalraj , Bandi Chennakesavulu
Published: September 2013

The reaction of the masked o‐benzoquinones with nitrile oxides, generated in situ from hydraxamoyl chlorides provides the expected [3 + 2]‐cycloaddition isoxazoline products of the type (V) or the rearranged isoxazolines of the type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Enantioselective Synthesis of Dihydropyrans Using a Chiral N,N′‐Dioxide as Organocatalyst.
Authors: Feng Juhua , Fu Xuan , Chen Zhenling , Lin Lili , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: September 2013

A (S)‐proline‐derived chiral N‐oxide catalyst is successfully applied to an asymmetric cascade Michael/hemiacetalization reaction yielding multifunctionalized chiral dihydropyrans.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of 3‐Phenyl‐chromen‐4‐ones Using N‐Heterocylic Carbene as Organocatalyst: An Efficient Domino Catalysis Type Approach.
Authors: Mishra Priya , Singh Sarita , Ankit Preyas , Fatma Shahin , Singh Divya , Singh Jagdamba
Published: September 2013

An environmentally benign approach for the synthesis of isoflavones (III) by a simple and efficient organo‐catalyzed reaction of substituted phenacyl bromides and salicylaldehydes is given.
ChemInform Abstract: 6‐Alkynyl‐ and 6‐Aryl‐Substituted (R)‐Pipecolic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Sadiq Amina , Sewald Norbert
Published: September 2013

Compound I is derived from (R)‐α‐aminoadipic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Lewis Acid Catalyzed [3 + 3]‐Annulation Strategy for the Syntheses of Tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines and Tetrahydroisoquinolines.
Authors: Wang Shaoyin , Chai Zhuo , Zhou Shuangliu , Wang Shaowu , Zhu Xiancui , Wei Yun
Published: September 2013

The newly developed title procedure represents a valuable complement to the classical Pictet‐Spengler reaction and enables facile access to alkaloid frameworks not easily available by established procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Racemic Tetrahydrocurcuminoid Dihydropyrimidinone Analogues as Potent Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors.
Authors: Arunkhamkaew Sarawalee , Athipornchai Anan , Apiratikul Nuttapon , Suksamrarn Apichart , Ajavakom Vachiraporn
Published: September 2013

A variety of the title pyrimidinone derivatives (IV) (12 examples) are synthesized utilizing a CuSO4‐catalyzed multicomponent Biginelli reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of 2‐Aminobenzoxazinones from 2‐Bromoanilines and Isocyanates.
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Feng , Sharif Muhammad , Shoaib Khurram , Neumann Helfried , Pews‐Davtyan Anahit , Langer Peter , Beller Matthias
Published: September 2013

Compared with previously described methods for the synthesis of 2‐aminobenzoxazinones, Mo(CO)6 is applied as a solid CO source instead of gas in this procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Synthesis of Chiral N‐Benzyl‐2‐methyl‐2H‐benzo[b][1,4]oxazin/thiazin‐3(4H)‐ones via Smiles Rearrangement and Their Biological Evaluation.
Authors: Meng Li‐juan , Zuo Hua , Vijaykumar B. V. D. , Dupati Gautam , Choi Kyung‐Min , Jang Kiwan , Yoon Yon‐Jin , Shin Dong‐Soo
Published: September 2013

Most of the synthesized compounds (V) show good inhibition against Gram positive bacteria and fungi.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Dibenzo‐tetraaza and Dibenzo‐dioxadiaza[14]annulene Derivatives Using 3‐Bromo‐Substituted Vinamidinium Salt.
Authors: Mehranpour A. M. , Hashemnia S. , Bashiri E.
Published: September 2013

Six new dibenzotetraaza‐ and dibenzodioxadiaza[14]annulene derivatives such as (III) and (V) are synthesized via a twofold condensation reaction of bromo‐substituted vinamidinium salt (I) with aromatic diamines and aminophenols.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Relay Catalytic Cascade Intramolecular Hydrosiloxylation and Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Wang Pu‐Sheng , Li Kang‐Nan , Zhou Xiao‐Le , Wu Xiang , Han Zhi‐Yong , Guo Rui , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: September 2013

The title reaction gives synthetically useful products in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Ugi Four‐Component Reaction with Tandem Deprotection, Cyclization and Pictet—Spengler Reaction: A Concise Route to N‐Fused Polycyclic Indolediketopiperazine Alkaloid Analogues.
Authors: Tyagi Vikas , Khan Shahnawaz , Chauhan Prem M. S.
Published: September 2013

The concise and operationally simple two‐step protocol allows the synthesis of trans‐configurated target compounds (VII) and (IX) with high stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Colloidal Synthesis of CuInSe2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Witt Elena , Kolny‐Olesiak Joanny
Published: September 2013

Review: 42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicate Catalysts: Targeted Mesoporous Systems without the Use of Templates
Authors: Barnes Craig E. , Sharp Katherine , Peretich Michael
Published: September 2013

Review: 10 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Anion‐Centered Tetrahedra in Inorganic Compounds
Authors: Krivovichev Sergey V. , Mentre Olivier , Siidra Oleg I. , Colmont Marie , Filatov Stanislav K.
Published: September 2013

Review: 758 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Paramagnetic Centers in ZnO
Authors: Vlasenko Leonid S.
Published: September 2013

Review: 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alfred Werner: A Forerunner to Modern Inorganic Chemistry
Authors: Werner Helmut
Published: September 2013

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Beyond the Divinyl Ketone: Innovations in the Generation and Nazarov Cyclization of Pentadienyl Cation Intermediates
Authors: Spencer William T. III , Vaidya Tulaza , Frontier Alison J.
Published: September 2013

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Reactions of White Phosphorus
Authors: Yakhvarov D. G. , Gorbachuk E. V. , Kagirov R. M. , Sinyashin O. G.
Published: September 2013

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Natural Ecdysteroids and Structural Analogues by Chemical Transformations of Available Phytoecdysteroids
Authors: Odinokov V. N.
Published: September 2013

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 6‐(Arylmethyl)pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐ones: Anthology and Prospects of Highly Efficient anti‐HIV Agents
Authors: Novakov I. A. , Artico M. , Mai A. , Rotili D. , Orlinson B. S. , Brunilina L. L. , Nawrozkij M. B.
Published: September 2013

Review: 257 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Tools for Studying the Biological Function of Glycolipids
Authors: Stocker Bridget L. , Timmer Mattie S. M.
Published: September 2013

Review: ca. 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: tert‐Amino Effect: The Meth‐Cohn and Reinhodt Reactions
Authors: Platonova A. Yu. , Glukhareva T. V. , Zimovets O. A. , Morzherin Yu. Yu.
Published: September 2013

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries: From Exploring Molecular Recognition to Systems Chemistry
Authors: Li Jianwei , Nowak Piotr , Otto Sijbren
Published: September 2013

Review: 182 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Three to Seven C—C or C—Heteroatom Bonds from Domino Reactions Involving a Heck Process
Authors: Muzart Jacques
Published: September 2013

Review: 245 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Bioactive 2,4,6‐Trisubstituted 1,3,5‐Triazines
Authors: Banerjee Ranjan , Brown Douglas R. , Weerapana Eranthie
Published: September 2013

Review: 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Cycloaddition Reactions of Ketenes Catalyzed by N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Chen Xiang‐Yu , Ye Song
Published: September 2013

Review: 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbene‐Stabilized Main Group Radicals and Radical Ions
Authors: Martin Caleb D. , Soleilhavoup Michele , Bertrand Guy
Published: September 2013

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: More Sustainable Formation of C—N and C—C Bonds for the Synthesis of N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Schranck Johannes , Tlili Anis , Beller Matthias
Published: September 2013

Review: 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization, Synthesis and Catalysis of Hydrotalcite‐Related Materials for Highly Efficient Materials Transformations
Authors: Nishimura Shun , Takagaki Atsushi , Ebitani Kohki
Published: September 2013

Review: 142 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ribosomally Synthesized and Post‐Translationally Modified Peptide Natural Products: New Insights into the Role of Leader and Core Peptides During Biosynthesis
Authors: Yang Xiao , van der Donk Wilfred A.
Published: September 2013

Review: 164 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stabilizing Biocatalysts
Authors: Bommarius Andreas S. , Paye Marietou F.
Published: September 2013

Review: 211 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetically Defined Glycoprotein Vaccines: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Adamo Roberto , Nilo Alberto , Castagner Bastien , Boutureira Omar , Berti Francesco , Bernardes Goncalo J. L.
Published: September 2013

Review: 119 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biological Activity of Synthetic Ionophores: Ion transporters as Prospective Drugs?
Authors: Alfonso Ignacio , Quesada Roberto
Published: September 2013

Review: 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Synthesis of Materials for Technology
Authors: Galloway Johanna M. , Bramble Jonathan P. , Staniland Sarah S.
Published: September 2013

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Challenges and Advances in the Field of Self‐Assembled Membranes
Authors: van Rijn Patrick , Tutus Murat , Kathrein Christine , Zhu Leilei , Wessling Matthias , Schwaneberg Ulrich , Boeker Alexander
Published: September 2013

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of Precious Metal Catalysts
Authors: Muroi Takashiro
Published: September 2013

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of Supramolecular Gels
Authors: Yu Guocan , Yan Xuzhou , Han Chengyou , Huang Feihe
Published: September 2013

Review: 234 refs.
Dynamic and hierarchical IPv6 address configuration for a mobile ad hoc network
Authors: Wang Xiaonan , Qian Huanyan
Published: September 2013

The paper proposes a dynamic and hierarchical IPv6 address configuration scheme for a mobile ad hoc network (MANET). The scheme proposes the hierarchical architecture and combines the distributed and centralized address configuration approaches. In the architecture, a central node assigns IPv6 addresses for cluster heads that are distributed around a MANET, and distributed cluster heads assign IPv6 addresses for cluster members. The generation algorithm of a cluster is proposed, and it uses the number of potential cluster members as a measurement unit and minimizes the number of cluster heads. Therefore, the address configuration cost for cluster heads is reduced. A central node/cluster head uses the unicast communication mode to achieve the real‐time address recovery in order to ensure that it has enough address resources for assignment. The paper also proposes the low‐cost MANET merging/partitioning algorithm that guarantees that no address collision happens during the MANET merging/partitioning process. This paper analyzes the performance parameters of the proposed scheme, including the address configuration cost, the address configuration delay, and the number of MANET merging. The analytical results show that the proposed scheme effectively reduces the address configuration cost, shortens the address configuration delay, and decreases the number of MANET merging. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Birth seasonality and calf mortality in a large population of Asian elephants
Authors: Mumby Hannah S. , Courtiol Alexandre , Mar Khyne U. , Lummaa Virpi
Published: September 2013

In seasonal environments, many species concentrate their reproduction in the time of year most likely to maximize offspring survival. Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) inhabit regions with seasonal climate, but females can still experience 16‐week reproductive cycles throughout the year. Whether female elephants nevertheless concentrate births on periods with maximum offspring survival prospects remains unknown. We investigated the seasonal timing of births, and effects of birth month on short‐ and long‐term mortality of Asian elephants, using a unique demographic data set of 2350 semicaptive, longitudinally monitored logging elephants from Myanmar experiencing seasonal variation in both workload and environmental conditions. Our results show variation in birth rate across the year, with 41% of births occurring between December and March. This corresponds to the cool, dry period and the beginning of the hot season, and to conceptions occurring during the resting, nonlogging period between February and June. Giving birth during the peak December to March period improves offspring survival, as the odds for survival between age 1 and 5 years are 44% higher for individuals born during the high birth rate period than those conceived during working months. Our results suggest that seasonal conditions, most likely maternal workload and/or climate, limit conception rate and calf survival in this population through effects on maternal stress, estrus cycles, or access to mates. This has implications for improving the birth rate and infant survival in captive populations by limiting workload of females of reproductive age. As working populations are currently unsustainable and supplemented through the capture of wild elephants, it is imperative to the conservation of Asian elephants to understand and alleviate the effects of seasonal conditions on vital rates in the working population in order to reduce the pressure for further capture from the wild.
Behavioral signature of intraspecific competition and density dependence in colony‐breeding marine predators
Authors: Breed Greg A. , Don Bowen W. , Leonard Marty L.
Published: September 2013

In populations of colony‐breeding marine animals, foraging around colonies can lead to intraspecific competition. This competition affects individual foraging behavior and can cause density‐dependent population growth. Where behavioral data are available, it may be possible to infer the mechanism of intraspecific competition. If these mechanics are understood, they can be used to predict the population‐level functional response resulting from the competition. Using satellite relocation and dive data, we studied the use of space and foraging behavior of juvenile and adult gray seals (Halichoerus grypus) from a large (over 200,000) and growing population breeding at Sable Island, Nova Scotia (44.0 oN 60.0 oW). These data were first analyzed using a behaviorally switching state‐space model to infer foraging areas followed by randomization analysis of foraging region overlap of competing age classes. Patterns of habitat use and behavioral time budgets indicate that young‐of‐year juveniles (YOY) were likely displaced from foraging areas near (<10 km) the breeding colony by adult females. This displacement was most pronounced in the summer. Additionally, our data suggest that YOY are less capable divers than adults and this limits the habitat available to them. However, other segregating mechanisms cannot be ruled out, and we discuss several alternate hypotheses. Mark–resight data indicate juveniles born between 1998 and 2002 have much reduced survivorship compared with cohorts born in the late 1980s, while adult survivorship has remained steady. Combined with behavioral observations, our data suggest YOY are losing an intraspecific competition between adults and juveniles, resulting in the currently observed decelerating logistic population growth. Competition theory predicts that intraspecific competition resulting in a clear losing competitor should cause compensatory population regulation. This functional response produces a smooth logistic growth curve as carrying capacity is approached, and is consistent with census data collected from this population over the past 50 years. The competitive mechanism causing compensatory regulation likely stems from the capital‐breeding life‐history strategy employed by gray seals. This strategy decouples reproductive success from resources available around breeding colonies and prevents females from competing with each other while young are dependent.
Identification of novel markers for mouse CD4+T follicular helper cells
Authors: Iyer Smita S. , Latner Donald R. , Zilliox Michael J. , McCausland Megan , Akondy Rama S. , Penaloza‐MacMaster Pablo , Hale Jeffrey Scott , Ye Lilin , Mohammed Ata‐Ur‐Rasheed , Yamaguchi Tomoyuki , Sakaguchi Shimon , Amara Rama R. , Ahmed Rafi
Published: September 2013

CD4+ T follicular helper (TFH) cells are central for generation of long‐term B‐cell immunity. A defining phenotypic attribute of TFH cells is the expression of the chemokine R CXCR5, and TFH cells are typically identified by co‐expression of CXCR5 together with other markers such as PD‐1, ICOS, and Bcl‐6. Herein, we report high‐level expression of the nutrient transporter folate R 4 (FR4) on TFH cells in acute viral infection. Distinct from the expression profile of conventional TFH markers, FR4 was highly expressed by naive CD4+ T cells, was downregulated after activation and subsequently re‐expressed on TFH cells. Furthermore, FR4 expression was maintained, albeit at lower levels, on memory TFH cells. Comparative gene expression profiling of FR4hi versus FR4lo Ag‐specific CD4+ effector T cells revealed a molecular signature consistent with TFH and TH1 subsets, respectively. Interestingly, genes involved in the purine metabolic pathway, including the ecto‐enzyme CD73, were enriched in TFH cells compared with TH1 cells, and phenotypic analysis confirmed expression of CD73 on TFH cells. As there is now considerable interest in developing vaccines that would induce optimal TFH cell responses, the identification of two novel cell surface markers should be useful in characterization and identification of TFH cells following vaccination and infection.
Eddy compensation and controls of the enhanced sea‐to‐air CO2 flux during positive phases of the Southern Annular Mode
Authors: Dufour Carolina O. , Sommer Julien Le , Gehlen Marion , Orr James C. , Molines Jean‐Marc , Simeon Jennifer , Barnier Bernard
Published: September 2013

The current positive trend in the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is thought to reduce the growth rate of the Southern Ocean CO2 sink because enhanced wind‐driven upwelling of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) increases outgassing of natural CO2. However, no study to date has quantified the potentially large role of mesoscale eddies in compensating intensified upwelling nor the mixed‐layer processes in terms of their effects on CO2 fluxes. Here we report on results from two new simulations in a regional 0.5° eddying model of the Southern Ocean. The first simulation is forced with interannually varying atmospheric reanalysis and coupled to a biogeochemistry model run under constant preindustrial atmospheric CO2. The second simulation is like the first except that superimposed on the forcing is a poleward shifted and intensified westerlies wind anomaly consistent with the positive phase of the SAM. In response to the SAM, the Southern Ocean's sea‐to‐air CO2 flux is enhanced by 0.1 Pg C yr−1 per standard deviation of the SAM, mostly from the Antarctic Zone (AZ), where enhanced surface DIC is only partly compensated by enhanced surface alkalinity. Increased mixed‐layer DIC in the AZ results from a combination of increased upwelling below the mixed layer and increased vertical diffusion at the base of the mixed layer. Previous studies overlooked the latter. Thus, upward supply of DIC and alkalinity depends on associated vertical gradients just below the mixed layer, which are affected by interior ocean transport. Our eddying model study suggests that about one third of the SAM enhancement of the Ekman‐induced northward DIC transport is compensated by southward transport from standing and transient eddies.
Multimodel seasonal forecasting of global drought onset
Authors: Yuan Xing , Wood Eric F.
Published: September 2013

The capability of seasonal forecasting of global drought onset at local scales (1°) has been investigated using multiple climate models with 110 realizations. Climate models increase the global mean probability of drought onset detection from the climatology forecast by 31%–81%, but only increase equitable threat score by 21%–50% due to a high false alarm ratio. The multimodel ensemble increases the drought detectability over some tropical areas where individual models have better performance, but cannot help more over most extratropical regions. On average, less than 30% of the global drought onsets can be detected by climate models. The missed drought events are associated with low potential predictability and weak antecedent El Niño–Southern Oscillation signal. Given the high false alarms, the reliability is very important for a skillful probabilistic drought onset forecast. This raises the question of whether seasonal forecasting of global drought onset is essentially a stochastic forecasting problem.
Extratropical forcing of El Niño–Southern Oscillation asymmetry
Authors: Anderson Bruce T. , Furtado Jason C. , Cobb Kim M. , Di Lorenzo Emanuele
Published: September 2013

Boreal winter near‐surface atmospheric circulations over the Hawaiian region are known to influence the state of the tropical Pacific and initiate the development of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Here we show that these same preceding near‐surface circulations have an additional influence on the longitudinal position of the resultant ENSO‐related sea surface temperatures (SSTs) as well, with warm (cold) events systematically shifted to the east (west) of the typical SST anomalies. In influencing this positioning, these atmospheric circulations in turn modify the near‐ and far‐field climate responses to these SSTs such that during warm events, the typical ENSO‐related responses east (west) of the dateline are generally enhanced (reduced); conversely, during cold events, the typical ENSO‐related responses are generally reduced (enhanced). The fact that the extratropical atmospheric circulations in question influence the asymmetry of ENSO extremes with a 12 month lead time carries important implications for predicting the socioeconomic impacts of these events.
Assessing radial transmissivity variation in heterogeneous aquifers using analytical techniques
Authors: Avci Cem B. , Ufuk Sahin A.
Published: September 2013

Pumping tests are one of the most commonly used in situ testing techniques for assessing aquifer hydraulic properties. Numerous researches have been conducted to predict the effects of aquifer heterogeneity on the groundwater levels during pumping tests. The objectives of the present work were as follows: (1) to predict drawdown conditions and to estimate aquifer properties during pumping tests undertaken in radially symmetric heterogeneous aquifers, and (2) to identify a method for assessing the transmissivity field along the radial coordinate in radially symmetric and fully heterogeneous transmissivity fields. The first objective was achieved by expanding an existing analytical drawdown formulation that was valid for a radially symmetric confined aquifer with two concentric zones around the pumping well to an N concentric zone confined aquifer having a constant transmissivity value within each zone. The formulation was evaluated for aquifers with three and four concentric zones to assess the effects of the transmissivity field on the drawdown conditions. The specific conditions under which aquifer properties could be identified using traditional methods of analysis were also evaluated. The second objective was achieved by implementing the inverse solution algorithm (ISA), which was developed for petroleum reservoirs to groundwater aquifer settings. The results showed that the drawdown values are influenced by a volumetric integral of a weighting function and the transmissivity field within the cone of depression. The weighting function migrates in tandem with the expanding cone of depression. The ability of the ISA to predict radially symmetric and log‐normally distributed transmissivity fields was assessed against analytical and numerical benchmarks. The results of this investigation indicated that the ISA method is a viable technique for evaluating the radial transmissivity variations of heterogeneous aquifer settings. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single‐case Design: The Neglected Alternative for the Evaluation of Family Therapy*
Authors: Cross Darryl G.
Published: September 2013

Family therapy (as with other treatment forms) needs to demonstrate its efficacy, but a major obstacle to the development and evaluation of therapeutic techniques in family therapy in particular, has been the almost total reliance on what is called classical group comparisons (e.g., treatment versus no‐treatment groups). The focus on group comparisons, however, has meant a complete disregard for a methodology that is also highly appropriate; single‐case design (or intrasubject replication) where the sample size is N = 1. In recent times, there has been an increasing disenchantment with classical group design for a number of reasons. For example, group comparisons are not always feasible in many clinical settings and tend to lack relevance for the practitioner's daily functioning. This paper elaborates these kinds of reasons and outlines the major advantages of using single‐case design. There is little doubt that single‐case methodology is becoming increasingly popular as an important research tool that can no longer be disregarded. Its specific applicability to evaluative research in family therapy is particularly appealing.
Emotional Growth Despite Psychosis: A Friendship Group for Married Schizophrenics
Authors: Firestone Andrew
Published: September 2013

A group was formed of friendless couples, selected from an outpatient clinic for chronic schizophrenics, with the aim of promoting a friendship network. The group was semi‐closed and functioned for nearly two years. The leaders' aims were met, the group terminating after a secure friendship network had formed. Phases of the group process are described and the value and limitations of such groups discussed.
Contracts in Family Therapy: Who, When, Where, What and Why?
Authors: Churven Peter
Published: September 2013

The essential variables of contracts and their values in terms of the relevant network, the setting, and the goals and plans of treatment are briefly explored. The limitations of overt contracts in relation to system directed changes are described.
Family Sculpture
Authors: Gerrard Jeffrey M.
Published: September 2013

This paper reviews the development and literature on family sculpture and the variety of applications that have evolved. The author then describes his experience with family sculpture in the training of family therapists and suggests indications for its use with families. The method is presented and illustrated with three case studies.

In the first case the sculpture is done by three family members, each giving a different perspective. Videotape playback is then used to give them feedback on each of these perspectives. In the second, the sculpture is done by the teenager in the family. Here intensification is applied and the insights from this are then used to develop a strategic intervention. The third case demonstrates a family of origin sculpture with one member of the family.

Videotape playback to family and therapist provides an added dimension for reviewing the options for change created in the sculpture. These options are generated in the sculpture which provides a family map indicating what changes are necessary. The options for change can be enacted by the family members and then translated by the therapist via prescription of tasks to change the family system as it functions on a day to day basis.