bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN KONSENTRASI TBP : D2EHPA DAN KONSENTRASI PENGEMBAN DALAM FASAORGANIK PADA EKSTRAKSI PERAK DARI LIMBAH FOTO ROENTGEN
Authors: Andika Putri Novita Rusmayanti , Kurniasih Yeti , Ahmadi Ahmadi
Published: August 2020

Photo roentgen used for examination of internal organs can produce wastes that are harmful to health and the environment because they containing silver metal ion(Ag+) inform of silver thiosulfate complex ([Ag(S2O3)2]-3). Therefore it was necessary for the separation of Ag metal so that the metal does not pollute the environment and can be used economically. One way to separate the metal Ag is by solvent extraction techniques. This study aimed to determine the effect of concentration ratio of TBP:D2EHPA and carrier compound concentration in the organic phase of the percent extraction of silver metal then applied to the sample photo roentgen waste. Extraction of the metals Ag done by varying the ratio of the combined carrier concentration of TBP and D2EHPA in kerosene by concentration ratio was 0: 1; 0.25: 0.75; 0.5: 0.5; 0.75: 0.25 and 1: 0 M as well as by varying the carrier concentration in the organic phase ranging from 0 M; 0.5 M; 1 M and 1.5 M. Measuring the concentration of metal ions Ag+in water phase before and after extraction was determined by atomic absorptionspectrophotometer (AAS) at a wavelength of 328,22 nm then calculated percent extraction. Based on the research that obtained the highest percent extraction on single used carrier compounds and compound concentration carrier D2EHPA in optimum water was 0.5 M with 58.22% percent extraction. Applications optimum conditions to the extraction of silver metal obtained from photo roentgenwaste percent extraction was 10.27%.
Effects of polyphenols on plankton assemblages and bacterial abundance representative of a pampean shallow lake: an experimental study
Authors: Alvarez MF , Benítez HH , Solari LC , Villegas Cortés JC , Gabellone NA , Claps MC
Published: August 2020

Shallow lakes are complex environments that play an important role in ecology. Their relationships with the surrounding areas make these lentic water bodies susceptible to alterations in response to human activity. For example, the input of polyphenols could be critical in altering species interactions. The shallow lakes located in the pampean plain of Argentina are major reservoirs of diversity, with the environmental habitats of the Salado River basin in particular having become impacted by human activities. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of different polyphenol concentrations (i.e. tannins) on changes in the plankton assemblages and on the abundance of bacteria in San Miguel del Monte Lake. Factorial experiments under laboratory conditions (4 tannin concentration levels and 4 response times) revealed that high tannin concentrations affected neither the phyto- and zooplankton assemblages nor bacterial abundances. Major changes both in assemblages and in the bacterioplankton abundances were dependent on exposure time. We found that the initial food web of grazers shifted to detritivorous feeding, thus producing a simplification of the community toward early succession. Although no effects of polyphenols were registered here, what proved striking was the resilience of the system and the capability to support high tannin concentrations throughout the experiment. Therefore, future investigations are necessary to elucidate the key role of such humic substances in the structuring of plankton assemblages of shallow lakes from strongly impacted areas, such as those found in the pampean region.
EFEKTIVITAS INSTAGRAM SEBAGAI MEDIA PROMOSI PADA PRODUK HIJAB DAN OUTFIT CHIC SQUARE
Authors: Fournawati Sri Murdilah , Mutiarani Widya Indah
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sejauhmana efektivitas Instagram sebagai media promosi pada produk hijab dan outfit Chic Square. Untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan teori Uses and Gratifications. Sedangkan yang menjadi responden dalam penelitian ini yaitu followers akun Instagram Chic Square dengan sampel 100 responden. Adapun hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat efektivitas yang ditimbulkan oleh akun Instagram Chic Square sebagai media promosi produk yaitu sebesar 54,7%, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 45,3 % dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain di luar akun Instagram Chic Square yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.
MAKNA LOGO PT. EIGERINDO MULTI PRODUK INDUSTRI (ANALISIS SEMIOTIKA CHARLES SANDERS PIERCE)
Authors: Sukanda Ukon Furkon , Riando Reno
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis semiotika Charles Sanders Pierce membagi semiotika menjadi tiga elemen utama atau yang disebut sebagai segitiga makna atau triangle meaning antara lain: a) Tanda merupakan sesuatu yang berbentuk secara fisik yang dapat kita serap oleh panca indera manusia. b) Acuan tanda (objek) adalah konteks sosial yang dijadikan referensi sebuah tanda atau sesuatu yang ditunjuk oleh tanda. c) Pengguna tanda (interpretant) merupakan suatu konsep pemikiran yang menggunakan tanda serta menurunkan tanda ke suatu makna tertentu, segitiga makna tersebut dapat menggambarkan makna yang ada di dalam logo tersebut. Tipe penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif yaitu metode deskriptif yang tepat digunakan untuk paradigma konstruktivisme
DRAMATURGI CONTENT CREATOR DALAM PRESENTASI DIRI DI INSTAGRAM (Studi Etnografi Virtual Pada akun Instagram @bangijal_tv)
Authors: Wati Lina , Setiawan Robi
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Dramaturgi dengan metode penelitian kualitatif. Objek pada penelitian ini adalah Content Creator Muhamad Rijal Mulyana dalam Instagram @bangijal_tv. Alasan peneliti memilih @bangijal_tv karna Content Creator tersebut pernah mengisi beberapa program televisi swasta di Indoensia sebagai bintang tamu dan pemeran utama, sehingga menarik untuk diteliti. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Dramaturgi yang digunakan oleh informan dalam presentasi diri di Instagram @bangijal_tv, melalui unsur front stage (panggung depan) dan back stage (panggung belakang). Serta meninjau presentasi diri apa yang digunakan oleh informan.
REPRESENTASI PEREMPUAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF GENDER (ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS VAN DIJK PADA PEMBERITAAN KASUS HOAKS RATNA S. PAET DALAM MEDIA MASSA REPUBLIKA DAN KOMPAS.COM)
Authors: Irianti Een , Adesari Tania
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini mengkritisi bias gender pada pemberitaan kasus hoaks Ratna S. Paet yang disajikan media. Dilakukan dengan menelaah isi teks pemberitaan media massa Republika dan Kompas.com terpilih, melalui analisis wacana kritis Van Dijk sebagai metode penelitian yang digunakan. Bagaimana media disini merepresentasikan Ratna S. Paet pada dimensi teks, dimensi praktik wacana, serta dimensi sosiokultural dengan mengedepankan sisi perempuan didalamnya. Mengingat bahwa bahasa (teks) dalam pandangan kritis, merupakan tempat terjadinya wacana dan praktik kekuasaan kelas tertentu, dan media turut memperkuatnya di masyarakat hingga membentuk realitas sosial.Kata Kunci : Representasi, Media Massa, Gender.
Implementasi Digital Public Relations Pada Label Musik Demajors Dalam Mempublikasikan Album
Authors: Meliala Yos Horta , Adipoetra Rama , Murti Riana
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Implementasi digital Public Relations pada label music Demajors dalam mempublikasikan album kepada khalayak. Metodologi dalam penelitian ini menggunakan konsep public relations, digital public relations dengan pendekatan kualitatif, paradigma yang digunakan post positivisme serta pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam, studi kepustakaan dan dokumentasi. Sebagai label music independent Demajors dalam hal ini divisi Promotion & Media Relations berhasil menyampaikan pesan ke khalayak dengan menggunakan media sosial (new media) sehingga mampu bersaing dengan label mainstream. Kegiatan publikasi dilakukan dengan merujuk pada segmentasi musik yang sesuai dengan karakter musiknya. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa digital public relations menjadi tool yang tepat untuk mempublikasikan album kepada khlayak yang sekaligus menjadi pembeda dengan label musik independen yang ada di Indonesia.Kata Kunci: implementasi, digital public relations, demajors
Şanlıurfa Koşullarında Kışlık Olarak Yetiştirilen Bazı Şeker Pancarı (Beta vulgaris saccharifera L.) Çeşitlerinin Verim ve Kalite Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ERBİL Erdal
Published: August 2020

Bu araştırma, bazı kışlık karakterli şekerpancarı (Beta vulgaris saccharifera L.) çeşitlerinin (Barbate, Gaida, Ciclon, Franca, Jawaher, Vero, KWS-11) Şanlıurfa koşullarındaki verim ve kalite özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla, 2018 yetiştirme sezonunda GAP Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğünün Gündaş Araştırma İstasyonunda yürütülmüştür. Deneme, tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde ve 4 tekrarlamalı, parsel sıra uzunluğu 10 m, sıra arası 45 cm ve sıra üzeri mesafe ise 20 cm olacak şekilde düzenlenmiştir. Kışlık olarak ekilen şekerpancarı çeşitlerinde yaprak gelişimi, sapa (tohuma) kalkma, yapraklı pancar ağırlığı, yumru verimi, hasat indeksi, şeker varlığı (digestion), arıtılmış şeker oranı ve arıtılmış şeker verimi değerleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda; en yüksek pancar verimi dekara 10039 kg ile Franca çeşidinden elde edilirken, en düşük pancarı verimi dekara 6376 kg ile Jawaher çeşidinden elde edilmiştir. En yüksek şeker varlığı (digestion) oranı % 15.31 ile Barbate çeşidinden elde edilirken, en düşük şeker varlığı (digestion) oranı % 7.35 ile Franca çeşidinden elde edilmiştir.
Cevizde (cv. Chandler) Kompoze Mikrobiyal Gübre Kullanımının Verim ve Kalite Parametreleri Üzerine Etkilerinin Araştırılması
Authors: ACARSOY BİLGİN Nihal , MISIRLI Adalet , ŞEN Fatih
Published: August 2020

Günümüzde, çevre dostu etkileri sebebiyle, tarım uygulamalarında faydalı mikroorganizmalar etkin şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Bu mikroorganizmalar, bitki besin elementi içeriğini arttırması sayesinde meyve kalite özellikleri ve verim üzerine olumlu etki sağlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, 3 farklı dönemde, yapraktan mikrobiyal gübre (EM.A ve EM.5) uygulamalarının ‘Chandler’ ceviz çeşidinde, verim ve bazı meyve özellikleri üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Demirci/Manisa’da 2018 ve 2019 yılları arasında yürütülen çalışmada, iki yılın ortalaması dikkate alındığında, meyve ağırlığı (12.62 g), eni (33.60 mm) ve yükseklik (41.13 mm) bakımından EM.A uygulaması ilk sırada yer almıştır. Her iki yararlı mikrobiyal gübre uygulaması ile a* değerinde artış, C* değerinde azalış gözlenmiştir. Genel olarak, meyvede, linoleik asit (%62.74 ile EM.5) düzeyi yüksek olurken bunu sırasıyla linoleinik (%16.21 ile kontrol) ve oleik asit (%13.22 ile EM.A) izlemiştir. Ağaç başına en yüksek verim EM.5 uygulamasında (2.52 kg/ağaç), en düşük verim ise uygulama yapılmayan ağaçlarda (0.78 kg/ağaç) saptanmıştır.
Çörek Otu Tarımında Üretici Davranışlarının Belirlenmesi, Sorunlar ve Çözümler: Uşak İli Örneği
Authors: CAN Mustafa
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışma, Uşak ilindeki üreticilerin çörek otu tarımına olan yaklaşımı, kullandıkları teknikler, üretici uygulamaları ve sorunların belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu çerçevede araştırma, Uşak ilinde çörek otu yetiştiriciliğinin yoğun olarak yapıldığı 5 köyde (Yoncalı, Susuzören, Şükraniye, Kökez ve Hacim) yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada kullanılan veriler çörek otu tarımı yapan 73 adet işletmeden anket yöntemiyle elde edilmiştir. Veriler, 2019 yılı üretim sezonunu kapsamaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, üreticilerin en büyük sorunlarını yabancı ot mücadelesi, pazarlama ve desteklemelerin yetersizliği oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca yöre çiftçisinin çörek otu yetiştiriciliği konusunda önemli bilgi eksikliklerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bölgedeki çörek otu tarımının sürdürülebilmesi açısından yabancı ot mücadelesinde araştırma ve geliştirme çalışmalarının yapılarak üreticiye yol gösterilmesi gerekmektedir. Ayrıca üreticilerin piyasada birlikte hareket edebileceği bir birliğin (kooperatif, üretici birliği vb.) tesis edilmesi, sözleşmeli tarımın uygulanması ve iyi tarım uygulamaları desteği gibi tarımsal desteklerin makul seviyelerde devam ettirilmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
A Novel Adjustable Damper Design for a Hybrid Passive Ankle Prosthesis
Authors: Naseri Amirreza , Mohammadi Moghaddam Majid , Gharini Mohammad , Ahmad Sharbafi Maziar
Published: August 2020

Specifications of actuators when interacting with biological systems such as the human body are entirely different from those used in industrial machines or robots. One important instance of such applications is assistive devices and prostheses. Among various approaches in designing prostheses, recently, semi-active systems attracted the interest of researchers. Even more, some commercial systems benefit from designs such as implementing an adjustable damper in the ankle prosthesis to increase range of motion. The main reason for adding damper is to assist amputees’ walking locomotion on slopes (especially downward). In this paper, we introduce a hydraulic damper design for use in the transtibial prosthetic foot. In the fabricated hydraulic prosthetic foot, two one-way flow control valves are exploited to tune the damping ratio in the plantar flexion and dorsiflexion, independently. Using the carbon prosthetic foot in series to a damper and spring could improve mimicking intact foot movement. First, we present the details of the damper and the prosthesis mechanical design. Then, we introduce experiment-based modeling for the damper’s conceptual design in the proposed prosthesis using SIM-Hydraulic and MATLAB. This device is fabricated and tested in a pilot experiment. The compact design with reduced weight and size of the prosthetic foot are additional advantages of the proposed prosthetic foot.
Beyond Contrail Avoidance: Efficacy of Flight Altitude Changes to Minimise Contrail Climate Forcing
Authors: Teoh Roger , Schumann Ulrich , Stettler Marc E. J.
Published: August 2020

Contrail cirrus introduce a short-lived but significant climate forcing that could be mitigated by small changes in aircraft cruising altitudes. This paper extends a recent study to evaluate the efficacy of several vertical flight diversion strategies to mitigate contrail climate forcing, and estimates impacts to air traffic management (ATM). We use six one-week periods of flight track data in the airspace above Japan (between May 2012 and March 2013), and simulate contrails using the contrail cirrus prediction model (CoCiP). Previous studies have predominantly optimised a diversion of every contrail-forming flight to minimise its formation or radiative forcing. However, our results show that these strategies produce a suboptimal outcome because most contrails have a short lifetime, and some have a cooling effect. Instead, a strategy that reroutes 15.3% of flights to avoid long-lived warming contrails, while allowing for cooling contrails, reduces the contrail energy forcing (EFcontrail) by 105% [91.8, 125%] with a total fuel penalty of 0.70% [0.66, 0.73%]. A minimum EFtotal strategy (contrails + CO2), diverting 20.1% of flights, reduces the EFcontrail by the same magnitude but also reduces the total fuel consumption by 0.40% [0.31, 0.47%]. For the diversion strategies explored, between 9% and 14% of diversions lead to a loss of separation standards between flights, demonstrating a modest scale of ATM impacts. These results show that small changes in flight altitudes are an opportunity for aviation to significantly and rapidly reduce its effect on the climate.
Storage Conditions Deteriorate Cotton and Wheat Seeds Quality: An Assessment of Farmers’ Awareness in Pakistan
Authors: Saeed Muhammad Farhan , Jamal Aftab , Ahmad Iftikhar , Ali Sajjad , Shah Ghulam Mustafa , Husnain Syed Kamil , Farooq Amjad , Wang Jingkuan
Published: August 2020

Seed quality is accessed by appropriate seed germination, seed moisture contents, insect/pathogen infestations and seed vigor. Seed storage conditions are essential to protect from deterioration. In this study, knowledge and practices of wheat and cotton seeds storage were accessed among commercial seed growers (CSGs) and non-commercial seeds growers (NCSGs) in the Vehari District of Pakistan, while samples of stored wheat and cotton seeds were also collected to assess the quality of stored seeds. Stored seeds in the study area were contaminated by a variety of fungi, with infestation percentages reaching 13% for wheat and 20.7% for cotton in seeds from NCSGs, compared to 9% (wheat) and 9.5% (cotton) in seeds from CSGs. The majority of seed growers (75.0%) did not have any training on seed storage. The growers (60.9%) were unaware that seed should not be stored in closed polythene bags and most (62.2%) were not well aware about seed-borne crop diseases. Most growers did not maintain the temperature and humidity of storage rooms (82.7%) and did not calculate the seed rate before sowing after seed germination tests (87.2%). However, seed dressing with fungicides was implemented by most farmers (69.9%). Controlling the temperature of the seed storage was significantly influenced by growers’ age, while controlling the humidity of the seed storage was significantly influenced by growers’ farming experience. Seed dressing with fungicides was positively associated with the graduation level of growers, while checking seed maturity was positively associated with the higher education (Master’s level) of growers. There was a lack of active information centers in the study areas and a lack of agricultural information provision to farmers. Awareness regarding bad-quality seeds should be initiated to increase growers’ knowledge. Training programs for providing adequate knowledge to growers and skills in seed storage should be organized. Legislation regarding the seed business and seed storage protective measures should be enforced to minimize problems by a seed-borne inoculum and deterioration of seed quality.
Dietary Energy Levels Affect Rumen Bacterial Populations that Influence the Intramuscular Fat Fatty Acids of Fattening Yaks (Bos grunniens)
Authors: Hu Rui , Zou Huawei , Wang Hongze , Wang Zhisheng , Wang Xueying , Ma Jian , Shah Ali Mujtaba , Peng Quanhui , Xue Bai , Wang Lizhi , Zhao Suonan , Kong Xiangying
Published: August 2020

The yak rumen microflora has more efficient fiber-degrading and energy-harvesting abilities than that of low-altitude cattle; however, few studies have investigated the effects of dietary energy levels on the rumen bacterial populations and the relationship between rumen bacteria and the intramuscular fatty acid profile of fattening yaks. In this study, thirty yaks were randomly assigned to three groups. Each group received one of the three isonitrogenous diets with low (3.72 MJ/kg), medium (4.52 MJ/kg), and high (5.32 MJ/kg) levels of net energy for maintenance and fattening. After 120 days of feeding, results showed that increasing dietary energy significantly increased ruminal propionate fermentation and reduced ammonia concentration. The 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that increasing dietary energy significantly increased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and stimulated the relative abundance of Succiniclasticum, Saccharofermentans, Ruminococcus, and Blautia populations. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that high dietary energy increased the abundances of Streptococcus bovis, Prevotella ruminicola, and Ruminobacter amylophilus at the species level. Association analysis showed that ruminal acetate was positively related to some intramuscular saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents, and Prevotella was significantly positively related to intramuscular total polyunsaturated fatty acid content and negatively related to intramuscular total SFA content. This study showed that high dietary energy mainly increased ruminal amylolytic and propionate-producing bacteria populations, which gave insights into how the effects of dietary energy on rumen bacteria are related to intramuscular fat fatty acids of fattening yaks.
Prepartum Fat Mobilization in Dairy Cows with Equal Body Condition and Its Impact on Health, Behavior, Milk Production and Fertility during Lactation
Authors: Rodríguez Alfredo , Mellado Ricardo , Bustamante Hedie
Published: August 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two levels of fat mobilization at the close-up period in dairy cows with an equal body condition score (BCS = 3.0) on the circulating concentrations of metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers, incidence of diseases, behavior, milk production, and fertility during the postpartum. Late-gestation multiparous Holstein cows (n = 59) with a body condition score of 3.0 (5-point scale) were enrolled at the beginning of the close-up period and then were followed during the entire lactation. Cows were retrospectively allocated into two groups: animals with prepartum non-esterified fatty acids concentration over 0.3 mmol/L were categorized as high fat mobilization (HFM) (n = 26), and below this threshold as low fat mobilization (LFM) (n = 33). Blood samples were collected 21 d before expected calving and once weekly for 3 wk postpartum in order to analyze β-hydroxybutirate, haptoglobin, fibrinogen, total proteins, and malondialdehyde. Health was observed daily for 21 d postpartum. Behavioral data was collected with an accelerometer and milk production and fertility were obtained from the farm records. An increased fat mobilization in dairy cows with equal BCS modified the inflammatory and oxidative stress responses during the early postpartum without impairing their health status and fertility. Moreover, milk production and behavior were markedly affected by excessive prepartum fat mobilization through lactation.
The Effect of a Moderate Exercise Program on Serum Markers of Bone Metabolism in Dogs
Authors: Vrbanac Zoran , Brkljaca Bottegaro Nika , Skrlin Branimir , Bojanic Krunoslav , Kusec Vesna , Stanin Damir , Belic Maja
Published: August 2020

The beneficial effect of physical activity on the musculoskeletal health in dogs is well recognized, but the level of intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise is not fully described. Measurement of serum markers of bone metabolism (bone alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin as bone formation markers and C-terminal telopeptide as bone resorption marker) during four months of organized moderate-intensity physical training in Labrador retriever and Golden retriever dogs aged between 11.7–24.4 months, showed variations of bone metabolism. Dogs were included in treadmill running sessions for 25 min, three times per week. Blood samples were taken at the beginning of the program (baseline), after two months (mid-term) and at the end of the study after four months. The values of bone alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin significantly decreased following two months of exercise program. Bone alkaline phosphatase increased by the end of four-month training cycle, but did not reach baseline value. Osteocalcin levels continued to decrease towards the end of the study. C-terminal telopeptide concentrations did not significantly change throughout the study duration. The results of this study show that aerobic exercise of moderate-intensity caused an initial decrease in bone formation followed by an increase of bone alkaline phosphatase and a further decrease of osteocalcin concentration. The response of two formation markers can be explained by the different stage of osteoblast activity that they express. In summary, moderate exercise resulted in no change in bone resorption, and a mild bone formation in young developing dogs.
Anticoccidial Effect of Herbal Powder “Shi Ying Zi” in Chickens Infected with Eimeria tenella
Authors: Song Xu , Li Yunhe , Chen Shufan , Jia Renyong , Huang Yongyuan , Zou Yuanfeng , Li Lixia , Zhao Xinxin , Yin Zhongqiong
Published: August 2020

Coccidiosis is one of the most economically important diseases affecting the poultry industry. Currently, anticoccidial drugs used in veterinary clinics show many deficiencies, and new control measures are urgently needed. This study presents an anticoccidial herbal powder “Shi Yin Zi”, which consists of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss, Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz., and sodium chloride. In chickens infected with Eimeria tenella, supplementation with “Shi Yin Zi” powder for 3 d prior to infection or treatment with “Shi Yin Zi” powder after infection could improve the survival rate and relative growth rate and alleviate the pathological changes in the cecum, liver, and kidney. “Shi Yin Zi” powder could recover the levels of alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, albumin, and triglycerides in serum. The hemorrhage occurrence and total number of oocysts in feces were reduced. The anti-coccidial indexes reached 165 for the prophylactic effect and 144 for the therapeutic effect. The anti-coccidial effects were equal to positive controls (monensin and sulfamlopyrazine). These results suggest that “Shi Ying Zi” powder possesses a potent anticoccidial effect and exhibits the potential to control E. tenella infection.
Historical Surgical Treatments in Polish Veterinary Medicine
Authors: Gonkowski Slawomir , Rytel Liliana , Makowska Krystyna , Calka Jaroslaw
Published: August 2020

Several methods of surgical treatments have been used in the history of Polish veterinary medicine, many of which have now been forgotten. In the present study, a review was conducted of Polish-language veterinary medicine books published from the 16th century (when the first books in Polish were printed) to the 20th century. The article contains a description of the most popular surgical methods used in animal treatment in Poland over the centuries including, among others, bloodletting, setons, fonticulus and cauterization. This article reviews historical veterinary methods and traces the development of Polish veterinary medicine from ancient cures often based on humoral theory to a modern branch of biologic science.
A Detailed Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Health Management in Dairy Sheep and Goats
Authors: Lianou Daphne T. , Chatziprodromidou Ioanna P. , Vasileiou Natalia G. C. , Michael Charalambia K. , Mavrogianni Vasia S. , Politis Antonis P. , Kordalis Nikos G. , Billinis Charalambos , Giannakopoulos Alexios , Papadopoulos Elias , Giannenas Ilias , Ioannidi Katerina S. , Katsafadou Angeliki I. , Gougoulis Dimitris A. , Lacasta Delia , Caroprese Mariangela , Fthenakis George C.
Published: August 2020

The objective of this work was to develop, use and present a detailed questionnaire for the evaluation of health management in dairy small ruminants; it includes 442 questions organised in seven sections: general, infrastructure, animals, production characteristics, health management, nutrition, human resources. Consistency of replies was evaluated in 27 farmers, interviewed twice. Inconsistent replies were given by all farmers to 30 different questions (Cronbach’s coefficient alpha: 0.987). Then, interviews were performed in 444 farms around Greece. Mean duration of an interview was 63.6 min. Clarifications were requested by 273 farmers to 22 different questions (maximum per farmer: 8). The experience of the investigator, the primary language of farmers and asking clarifications by the farmers affected the duration of the interview. The questionnaire can be used for research work in the field, to record details in the farms under study. In accord with the needs of a particular study, it can be modified, by adding more specific questions or omitting others deemed of less importance. Moreover, it can also be used for routine monitoring purposes, as a useful means to record and maintain details of farms during clinical work. To the best of our knowledge, the questionnaire is the most extensive and detailed one available internationally for dairy small ruminants.
Feeding Calves with Pasteurized Colostrum and Milk Has a Positive Long-Term Effect on Their Productive Performance
Authors: Armengol Ramon , Fraile Lorenzo
Published: August 2020

Female calves, checked for serum total protein ≥ 5.8 g/dL before 5 days of life, entered the study at 22 days of age after having received pasteurized colostrum and milk (P group, n = 127), or non-pasteurized colostrum and milk (NP group, n = 134). During the heifer-rearing period, productive (body weight; BW) and health parameters (bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and diarrhea) were recorded. Productive (305-d milk yield), reproductive (AI per pregnancy and calving interval), and health parameters (milk somatic cell count; SCC/mL), as well as age at culling, were recorded in a follow-up study. Feeding on-farm pasteurized colostrum and milk during the first 21 days of life reduced morbidity of bovine respiratory disease during the first year of life and diarrhea during the first 180 days of life. Moreover, it increased BW at calving during the first three lactations. It also significantly increases milk production during the first lactation. However, there were no differences in relation to reproductive performance and health of cows in the NP or P group. These results highlight that feeding calves with pasteurized colostrum and milk could improve health and production parameters throughout the heifer-rearing process and during their first lactation.
Volatile Organic Compounds, Oxidative and Sensory Patterns of Vacuum Aged Foal Meat
Authors: Tateo Alessandra , Maggiolino Aristide , Domínguez Ruben , Lorenzo José Manuel , Dinardo Francesca Rita , Ceci Edmondo , Marino Rosaria , Malva Antonella della , Bragaglio Andrea , Palo Pasquale De
Published: August 2020

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of 14-day vacuum aging on the volatile compounds (VOC) profile, oxidative profile, antioxidant enzymes activity, and sensory evaluation in the Longissimusthoracis muscle of foal meat under vacuum aging. Longissimusthoracis (LT) was sampled in 20 mm thick slices, vacuum packed, and stored at 4 °C. Samples were randomly assigned to different aging times (1, 6, 9, 14 days after slaughtering). VOCs, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), hydroperoxides, carbonyl proteins, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were analyzed, and a sensory test was performed. A nested one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for aging time as an independent variable. Significance was set at p < 0.05. The main VOCs originating from cooked steaks were aldehydes, (from 47.18% to 58.81% of the total volatile compounds), followed by hydrocarbons (from 9.32% and 31.99%). TBARs and hydroperoxides did not show variations due to aging (p > 0.05), instead, protein carbonyls showed higher values at the 14th day (p < 0.01). Catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase showed increasing values during aging time (p < 0.01). Vacuum aging slowed down lipid oxidation, and protein oxidation was shown to be present. However, the best vacuum aging duration is in the range of 6–9 days from slaughtering, with an improvement of sensory evaluation.
Brighton v Will: The Legal Chasm between Animal Welfare and Animal Suffering
Authors: Riley Sophie
Published: August 2020

Through the mechanism of statutory interpretation, courts can narrow or widen the legal concept of animal cruelty. This was starkly brought to light in the case of Brighton v Will, where the Supreme Court of New South Wales held that stabbing a dog six times with a pitchfork and then killing him with a mallet, did not amount to serious animal cruelty. This finding was the result of the Court’s applying a textual interpretation to the NSW Crimes Act, concluding that the appellant was simply exterminating a pest. Yet, animal law in NSW comprises more than legislation, extending to a raft of plans and strategies which provide background and context for regulation. This article argues that a contextual interpretation would have been more appropriate, leading to enquiries whether the dog was rightfully classified as a pest, as well as whether the law should have considered the manner in which the dog was killed. An equally relevant issue stems from the relationship between animal suffering and animal welfare, a connection which hinges on the ambit of anti-cruelty legislation. The latter permits a range of exceptions and defences that permit justification of cruelty, magnifying the chasm between animal suffering and animal welfare. This chasm is also not diminished by legal interpretations of cruelty that focus on whether killing is justified, while ignoring the method of killing.
Involvement of hpap2 and dgkA Genes in Colistin Resistance Mediated by mcr Determinants
Authors: Gallardo Alejandro , Ugarte-Ruiz María , Hernández Marta , Miguela-Villoldo Pedro , Rodríguez-Lázaro David , Domínguez Lucas , Quesada Alberto
Published: August 2020

Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (mcr) determinants are challenging the efficacy of polymyxins against Gram-negative pathogens. Among 10 mcr genes described so far, the major determinants mcr-1 and mcr-3 are found closely linked to hpap2 or dgkA genes, encoding a hypothetical phosphatidic acid phosphatase of type 2 (PAP2) and a diacylglycerol kinase, respectively, whose functions are still unknown. In this study, mcr-1, mcr-1–hpap2, mcr-3, and mcr-3–dgkA were expressed in Escherichia coli, and recombinant strains were analyzed to detect antimicrobial susceptibility and changes in the expression of genes involved in phospholipid metabolism. The mcr-1 or mcr-3 single genes were enough to drive growth on colistin selective media, although co-expression of linked genes conferred maximal antibiotic resistance. Expression of mcr determinants downregulated endogenous genes involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modification or phospholipid recycling, although to different extents of repression: strong for arnB, ybjG, and pmrR; medium for eptA, lpxT, and dgkA; small for bacA and pgpB. Four of these genes (bacA, lpxT, pgpB, and ybjG) encode undecaprenyl pyrophosphate (UPP) phosphatases. In these conditions, cells presented resistance against bacitracin, an antibiotic that sequesters UPP from PAP2 enzymes. The hpap2 and dgkA genes might play a role in colistin resistance by compensating for phospholipid metabolism functions altered during LPS modification by colistin resistance determinants.
DAWE: A Double Attention-Based Word Embedding Model with Sememe Structure Information
Authors: Li Shengwen , Chen Renyao , Wan Bo , Gong Junfang , Yang Lin , Yao Hong
Published: August 2020

Word embedding is an important reference for natural language processing tasks, which can generate distribution presentations of words based on many text data. Recent evidence demonstrates that introducing sememe knowledge is a promising strategy to improve the performance of word embedding. However, previous works ignored the structure information of sememe knowledges. To fill the gap, this study implicitly synthesized the structural feature of sememes into word embedding models based on an attention mechanism. Specifically, we propose a novel double attention word-based embedding (DAWE) model that encodes the characteristics of sememes into words by a “double attention” strategy. DAWE is integrated with two specific word training models through context-aware semantic matching techniques. The experimental results show that, in word similarity task and word analogy reasoning task, the performance of word embedding can be effectively improved by synthesizing the structural information of sememe knowledge. The case study also verifies the power of DAWE model in word sense disambiguation task. Furthermore, the DAWE model is a general framework for encoding sememes into words, which can be integrated into other existing word embedding models to provide more options for various natural language processing downstream tasks.
A Model Output Deep Learning Method for Grid Temperature Forecasts in Tianjin Area
Authors: Chen Keran , Wang Ping , Yang Xiaojun , Zhang Nan , Wang Di
Published: August 2020

In weather forecasting, numerical weather prediction (NWP) that is based on physical models requires proper post-processing before it can be applied to actual operations. Therefore, research on intelligent post-processing algorithms has always been an important topic in this field. This paper proposes a model output deep learning (MODL) method for post-processing, which can improve the forecast effect of numerical weather prediction. MODL is an end-to-end post-processing method based on deep convolutional neural network, which directly learns the mapping relationship between the forecast fields output by numerical model and the observation temperature field in order to obtain more accurate temperature forecasts. MODL modifies the existing deep convolution model according to the post-processing problem’s characteristics, thereby improving the performance of the weather forecast. This paper uses The International Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) dataset from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the observed air temperature of 2 m obtained from Tianjin meteorological station in order to test the post-processing performance of MODL. The MODL method applied to temperature in post-processing is compared with the ECMWF forecast, Model Output Statistics (MOS) methods, and Model Output Machine Learning (MOML) methods. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the temperature field predicted by MODL and the observed temperature field is smaller than the other models and the accuracy of the temperature difference of 2 °C (Acc) is higher, especially where the prediction time is in the first three days. The lightweight nature of MODL also makes it suitable for most operations.
Occurrence of Fluoroquinolones and Sulfonamides Resistance Genes in Wastewater and Sludge at Different Stages of Wastewater Treatment: A Preliminary Case Study
Authors: Rolbiecki Damian , Harnisz Monika , Korzeniewska Ewa , Jałowiecki Łukasz , Płaza Grażyna
Published: August 2020

This study identified differences in the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) between wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) processing different proportions of hospital and municipal wastewater as well as various types of industrial wastewater. The influence of treated effluents discharged from WWTPs on the receiving water bodies (rivers) was examined. Genomic DNA was isolated from environmental samples (river water, wastewater and sewage sludge). The presence of genes encoding resistance to sulfonamides (sul1, sul2) and fluoroquinolones (qepA, aac(6′)-Ib-cr) was determined by standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The effect of the sampling season (summer – June, fall – November) was analyzed. Treated wastewater and sewage sludge were significant reservoirs of antibiotic resistance and contained all of the examined ARGs. All wastewater samples contained sul1 and aac(6′)-lb-cr genes, while the qepA and sul2 genes occurred less frequently. These observations suggest that the prevalence of ARGs is determined by the type of processed wastewater. The Warmia and Mazury WWTP was characterized by higher levels of the sul2 gene, which could be attributed to the fact that this WWTP processes agricultural sewage containing animal waste. However, hospital wastewater appears to be the main source of the sul1 gene. The results of this study indicate that WWTPs are significant sources of ARGs, contributing to the spread of antibiotic resistance in rivers receiving processed wastewater.
Fluctuation-Enhanced Sensing (FES): A Promising Sensing Technique
Authors: Scandurra Graziella , Smulko Janusz , Kish Laszlo B.
Published: August 2020

Fluctuation-enhanced sensing (FES) is a very powerful odor and gas sensing technique and as such it can play a fundamental role in the control of environments and, therefore, in the protection of health. For this reason, we conduct a comprehensive survey on the state-of-the-art of the FES technique, highlighting potentials and limits. Particular attention is paid to the dedicated instrumentation necessary for the application of the FES technique and also in this case limits and possible future developments are highlighted. In particular, we address resolution, measurement speed, reproducibility, memory, noise, and other problems such as the influence of humidity. A number of techniques and guidelines are proposed to overcome these problems. Circuit solutions are also discussed.
AUTOSAR Runnable Periods Optimization for DAG-Based Complex Automobile Applications
Authors: Choi Daeho , Kim Tae-Wook , Kim Jong-Chan
Published: August 2020

When developing an automobile control application, its scheduling parameters as well as the control algorithm itself should be carefully optimized to achieve the best control performance from given computing resources. Moreover, since the wide acceptance of the AUTOSAR standard, where finer-granular scheduling entities (called runnables) rather than the traditional real-time tasks are used, the number of scheduling parameters to be optimized is far greater than the traditional task-based control systems. Hence, due to the vast problem space, it is not feasible to reuse existing time-consuming search-based optimization methods. With this motivation, this paper presents an analytical codesign method for deciding runnable periods that minimize given control cost functions. Our solution approach, based on the Lagrange multiplier method, can find optimized runnable periods in polynomial times due to its analytical nature. Moreover, our evaluation results for synthesized applications with varying complexities show that our method performs significantly better (12% to 59% of control cost reductions) than a state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, this study is one of the first attempts to find runnable periods that maximize a given system’s control performance.
High-Luminance Mid-Air Image Display for Outdoor Viewing by Focusing Sunlight
Authors: Koizumi Naoya , Yuzurihara Koki
Published: August 2020

The mid-air image is a very powerful method for presenting computer graphics in a real environment, but it cannot be used in bright locations owing to the decrease in brightness during the imaging process. Therefore, to form a mid-air image with a high-brightness light source, a square pyramidal mirror structure was investigated, and the sunlight concentration was simulated. We simulated the tilt angle and combination angle of the condenser as parameters to calculate the luminance of the surface of a transparent liquid crystal display. The light collector was installed at 55∘ from the horizontal plane and mirror. A high level of illumination was obtained when these were laminated together at an angle of 70∘. To select a suitable diffuser, we prototyped and measured the brightness of the mid-air image with an LED lamp to simulate sunlight in three settings: summer solstice, autumnal equinox, and winter solstice. The maximum luminance of the mid-air image displayed by collecting actual sunlight was estimated to be 998.6 cd/m2. This is considerably higher than the maximum smartphone brightness to allow for outdoor viewing, and it can ensure fully compatible visibility.
Destruction of Fibroadenomas Using Photothermal Heating of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles: Experiments and Models
Authors: Yeboah Ivan B. , Hatekah Selassie Wonder King , Konku-Asase Yvonne Kafui , Yaya Abu , Kan-Dapaah Kwabena
Published: August 2020

Conventionally, observation (yearly breast imaging) is preferred to therapy to manage small-sized fibroadenomas because they are normally benign tumors. However, recent reports of increased cancer risk coupled with patient anxiety due to fear of malignancy motivate the need for non-aggressive interventions with minimal side-effects to destroy such tumors. Here, we describe an integrated approach composed of experiments and models for photothermal therapy for fibroadenomas destruction. We characterized the optical and structural properties and quantified the heat generation performance of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) by experiments. On the basis of the optical and structural results, we obtained the optical absorption coefficient of the Fe3O4 NPs via predictions based on the Mie scattering theory and integrated it into a computational model to predict in-vivo thermal damage profiles of NP-embedded fibroadenomas located within a multi-tissue breast model and irradiated with near-infrared 810 nm laser. In a series of temperature-controlled parametric studies, we demonstrate the feasibility of NP-mediated photothermal therapy for the destruction of small fibroadenomas and the influence of tumor size on the selection of parameters such as NP concentration, treatment duration and irradiation protocols (treatment durations and laser power). The implications of the results are then discussed for the development of an integrated strategy for a noninvasive photothermal therapy for fibroadenomas.
Assessment of Landslide-Induced Geomorphological Changes in Hítardalur Valley, Iceland, Using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data
Authors: Dabiri Zahra , Hölbling Daniel , Abad Lorena , Helgason Jón Kristinn , Sæmundsson Þorsteinn , Tiede Dirk
Published: August 2020

Landslide mapping and analysis are essential aspects of hazard and risk analysis. Landslides can block rivers and create landslide-dammed lakes, which pose a significant risk for downstream areas. In this research, we used an object-based image analysis approach to map geomorphological features and related changes and assess the applicability of Sentinel-1 data for the fast creation of post-event digital elevation models (DEMs) for landslide volume estimation. We investigated the Hítardalur landslide, which occurred on the 7 July 2018 in western Iceland, along with the geomorphological changes induced by this landslide, using optical and synthetic aperture radar data from Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1. The results show that there were no considerable changes in the landslide area between 2018 and 2019. However, the landslide-dammed lake area shrunk between 2018 and 2019. Moreover, the Hítará river diverted its course as a result of the landslide. The DEMs, generated by ascending and descending flight directions and three orbits, and the subsequent volume estimation revealed that—without further post-processing—the results need to be interpreted with care since several factors influence the DEM generation from Sentinel-1 imagery.
Power Flow and Efficiency Analysis of High-Speed Heavy Load Herringbone Planetary Transmission Using a Hypergraph-Based Method
Authors: Wang Yun , Yang Wei , Tang Xiaolin , Lin Xi , He Zhonghua
Published: August 2020

The existing research problem is that the hypergraph-based method does not comprehensively consider the power loss factors of the mechanical transmission system, especially the existing windage power loss. In the power flow diagram, it is difficult to express and calculate the power loss separately, based on the power loss mechanism. Furthermore, the hypergraph-based methods purposed by some researches are not suitable for high-speed and heavy-load conditions. This paper presents a new hypergraph-based method for analyzing the transmission efficiency of complex planetary gear trains. In addition, a formula for calculating transmission efficiency is derived. The power loss model is established for a high-speed heavy-load herringbone planetary transmission pair considering several sources of power losses such as gear meshing friction, windage, and bearing friction. Then, the efficiency of a two-stage herringbone planetary transmission system is calculated using the proposed method. Furthermore, the influence of input speed, input power, and lubrication state on transmission efficiency is investigated. Finally, the proposed method is verified by comparing calculated values with values published in the literature.