bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Municipal Solid Waste compost Treatment on Physico-Chemical Properties of Garden Soil
Authors: Lalremruati Mary , Devi AngomSarjubala , Singh Anil Pratap
Published: April 2022

In the present study amendment of three types of compost made from lemon peels (LP), vegetable waste (VW) and cook food waste (CF) in garden soil was carried out. It was observed that pH in all the treatments increased from control with a maximum in LP with 22% and minimum in CF with 10% at 270 days.The soil temperature was higher than control with a maximum increase of 52% in CF and minimum of 20% in VW at 90 days. A maximum increase of OC was observed in CF compost treated soilwith 106% followed by LP with 64% and 24% in VW at 90 days.TN increased from control upto 90 days with 484, 100 and 46% rise in CF, VW and LP respectively. AP and AK also showed a very high increase rate with maximum of 551% in CF and 703% in LP respectively.
Clinical Features of Microbial Reactivation in Early Onset of Severe Pneumonia by Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in Intensive Care Units, a Multicenter, Retrospective Study
Authors: Huang Lingtong , Pang Lisha , Sheng Peng , Wang Yanqiu , Yang Fan , Yu Huili , Zhang Ning , cai Hongliu , Tang Lingling , Fang Xueling
Published: April 2022

Purpose: This study aims to assess the clinical features of microorganism reactivation in the early onset of severe pneumonia in ICU patients.Methods: A total of 97 patients’ clinical data was collected retrospectively from intensive care units of five teaching hospitals in China from June 2018 to July 2021 followed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) at the onset of severe pneumonia.Results: A total of 43 pathogenic microorganisms were detected in 97 patients with severe pneumonia by mNGS, where CMV (21.6%), HSV-1 (18.6%), and Pneumocystis (14.4%) were the most common reactivated microorganisms in the lungs of patients with severe pneumonia. In the present study, reactivation was considered when mNGS detected CMV, HSV-1, or Pneumocystisc DNA. A total of 11 patients (11.3%) had two or more reactivated microorganisms, and the overall rate of microbial reactivation was 40.2%. After adjusting for the risk of confounding and competition, one or more reactivations of CMV, HSV-1, and Pneumocystis resulted in an overall increase of 2.381 folds of mortality (95% CI: 1.198-4.733). Conclusion: This study showed that CMV, HSV-1, and Pneumocystis were the most common reactivated microorganisms in the lungs of patients in the ICU at the onset of severe pneumonia. Reactivation of two or three microorganisms is common and is associated with an increased risk of mortality.
Evaluation of sleep support workshop- what parents think
Authors: Banerjee Tapomay , Fernando Callum , Yemula Chinnaiah , Holmes Sarah , Taylor Elizabeth , Albone Sharon , Josan Gurdip
Published: April 2022

Poor sleep can lead to neurodevelopmental, academic and behavioural consequences in children and young people. Sleep disorders, although common in children but appropriate diagnosis and support is often not available locally. We conducted a single centre survey among parents who attended sleep support workshop offered by Bedford community paediatric service. 28 parents responded (out of 70). 12 had already seen paediatrician for assessment of neurodevelopmental disorders, 11 waiting and 5 had isolated sleep issues. Difficulty in falling asleep (23), difficulty in maintaining sleep (11) and early morning waking (9) were main complains. The survey showed subjective improvement in knowledge about sleep problems in parents and 16/28 parents felt some improvement in their child’s sleep. This small scale, single centre observation suggests that sleep support training can improve parental understanding of sleep problems and may improve sleep problems in children.
Transitional Probabilities for Plastic Waste Management and Implication on Sustainability
Authors: Addor John Awuah , Wiah Eric Neebo , Alao Felix Ilesanmi
Published: April 2022

The global economy seems to be sinking in the ocean of plastic wastes. Plastic circular economy has been prescribed the key panacea with recycling as its key strategy. The issue of sustainable plastic circular economy has so far been the challenge amid the production of virgin plastics. The aim of this study is to assess the sustainability of plastic circular economy with complete dependence on plastic wastes. Sustainability assessment criterion was based on plastic waste generation and recycling transitional probabilities. A closed system is assumed to ensure that no new virgin plastic is produced. Data was obtained from various publications of the Plastic Europe; and other research publications on plastic waste management. Sustainability was then assessed under four scenarios; joint force of plastic waste incineration and discarding, plastic waste discarding without incineration, plastic waste incineration without discarding; and complete riddance of plastic waste incineration and discarding. It was revealed that the already cumulated volume of global annual plastic waste generated can sustain plastic circular economy in a closed system only if plastic waste incineration and discarding are completely prohibited. The study is an indispensable tool for policy formulation in the area of waste management.
Two Cu(I\II) Coordination Polymers for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes and Efficient Detection of Fe3+ ions
Authors: Xu Chenyan , Chen Wenqian , Wang Jiajun , Wu Qiuyu , Wu Pengyan , Tang Liang
Published: April 2022

Two new copper-based coordination polymers (CPs), {[CuI(H2PO4)(dpe)]5(dpe)0.5(H2O)7}n (Cu-dpe(I)) and {[CuII(HPO4)(dpe)(H2O)](H2O)3}n (Cu-dpe(II)) (dpe = 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene), had been successfully constructed by hydrothermal method and ball milling method respectively. The crystal structures of two coordination polymers were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The synthetic temperature caused their structure differences. The differences of structure and properties between these two coordination polymers were discussed. In this work, they both exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity toward the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light. Among them, Cu-dpe(I) and Cu-dpe(II) could degrade MB more than 88.1% in 120 minutes under visible light. Some active free radicals such as ·OH, ·O2-, e- played an important role in degradation of MB. In addition, luminescent experiment revealed Cu-dpe(I) exhibits a relatively high sensitive and selective detection of Fe3+ ions in water solution. Experimental results show that the fluorescence quenching was caused by competitive absorption of excitation wavelength energy between Fe3+ and Cu-dpe(I).
CEA Dynamics for Prediction of Response after Anti-EGFR Monoclonal Antibodies Treatment in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kang Sora , Kim Sun Young , Hong Yong Sang , Kim Tae Won , Choi Ki Eun , Kim Min Jung , Kim Jeong Eun
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is the most widely used tumor marker in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), but its potential as a predictive marker of progression in mCRC during systemic chemotherapy, particularly in patients receiving monoclonal antibodies as a combination therapy, has remained a question of interest. We here investigated whether CEA changes could predict disease progression and clinical outcomes in mCRC patients who had been co-administered systemic chemotherapy and biologic agents. Methods: A total of 1261 mCRC patients undergoing a first-line systemic treatment were included in this retrospective study. We analyzed the optimal cut-off for CEA changes to predict progression at the first re-evaluation by the treatment arm (chemotherapy alone, chemotherapy plus anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies [mAb], and chemotherapy plus anti-EGFR mAb). These cut-off values were then used to predict overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: When stratified by their treatment arm, 891 (70.6%), 266 (21.0%), and 104 (8.2%) of the study patients were included in the chemotherapy alone-, anti-VEGF mAb-, and anti-EGFR mAb groups, respectively. The optimal CEA cut-off values were 16.5% and 38.9% increase in the whole cohort and anti-EGFR mAb group, respectively, and showed high sensitivity and specificity for predicting disease progression. The patients in the entire population and anti-EGFR mAb group with CEA changes below these cut-off values had significantly better OS and PFS outcomes. Among the mCRC cases treated with the anti-VEGF mAb, no associations were found between the OS and PFS outcomes, and CEA changes. Conclusion: CEA is potentially a good surrogate marker for predicting disease progression and survival outcomes in mCRC patients receiving first-line systemic chemotherapy, especially when combined with anti-EGFR mAb.
A two-layers automultiscopic display as a resistant device to shoulder-surfing attacks
Authors: Carmona-Ballester David , Bonaque-González Sergio , Trujillo-Sevilla Juan M. , Gómez-Cárdenas Oscar , Rodríguez-Ramos José M.
Published: April 2022

Shoulder surfing is a term that implies the theft of sensitive information when interacting with digital devices. It is of particular concern when authenticating in public places. We present a passive method to prevent it based on the use of an automultiscopic display, originally designed to generate three-dimensional effects, to project different images in each direction, producing a blurry image unrecog-nizable to any shoulder surfer; while the genuine user can observe the display without penalty. We demonstrate that it is possible to achieve privacy criteria using two digital displays operating at 133 Hz by choosing the blocked views as prudently filtered versions of the original pattern. In addition, we propose a merit function that allows to automatically evaluate the readability of each displayed view.
Analysis of the Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Percutaneous Cervical Nucleoplasty: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Chiu Cheng-Di , Chen Chien-Hua , Chiu You-Pen , Ji Hui-Ru , Wu Chin-Ying , Guo Jeng-Hung , Hsiao I-Han , Chen Chao-Hsuan , Chen Chun-Chung , Cho Der-Yang , Jaw Fu-Shan
Published: April 2022

Background: Percutaneous cervical nucleoplasty (PCN) is a simple, safe, and effective treatment for contained cervical herniated intervertebral disc (CHIVD). However, few studies have compared the actual benefits of PCN against conservative treatment (CT), either clinically or radiographically.Purpose: The present study sought to analyze and to compare the outcomes of symptomatic contained CHIVD treated with PCN or CT.Methods: The present study was designed as a case–control comparative study. Until 2021, patients who indicated for PCN after a failed CT for more than 6 months were recruited. After the exclusion of some patients who did not meet the selection criteria of the study, we finally enrolled 71 patients treated with PCN. In addition, another 21 patients who indicated for PCN but finally chose to receive CT continuously were also enrolled and categorized as the control group. All patients completed the 6-month follow-up. Pain levels and functional outcomes were evaluated pre- and post-operatively by assessing the visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Neck Disability Index (NDI). Radiographic images of 72 of 104 intervened segments were collected to measure disc height and other cervical spinal alignments, such as range of motion, C2–7 Cobb's angle, and C2–7 sagittal vertical axis.Results: Compared with the CT group, the PCN group showed significantly better outcomes on VAS, ODI, and NDI at the 1-month post-operative follow-up, which continued through at least the 6-month follow-up (P < 0.01 for VAS and P < 0.05 for ODI and NDI). The mean disc height significantly decreased, from 6.04 ± 0.85 mm to 5.76 ± 1.02 mm, 3 months after PCN treatment (P = 0.003). However, the degree of disc height decrease did not correlate with the changes of the substantial VAS improvement.Conclusions: To provide therapeutic benefits for symptomatic contained CHIVD patients after an invalid CT for 6 months, PCN seems to be a better option than CT. The reduced disc heights did not alter the clinical outcomes of PCN.
Properties of sands of different geological origins in mortars
Authors: Yannick Tchedele Langollo , Alim Bilkissou , Mfokou Abdou Nasser Njoya , Taïga Oumar Ali , Jalil Njoya Moussa , Raphael Belinga Essama Boum , Richard Mache Jacques
Published: April 2022

This work is a comparative study between sand mortars of different geological origins, intending to highlight their influence on mortar properties. For this purpose, five sand types and the cement CEM II/B-P 42.5R were used for the formulation of mortars with identical W/C ratios. These are the "Sanaga" sand from the Sanaga River, the "Wouri" sand from the Wouri River, the Nyambaka basalt sand, the Meiganga granite sand, and the Leboudi gneiss sand. These sands were characterized and classified according to their physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. They were then used to make mortars. From the results of the setting time tests carried out on the mortars, it appears that the initial setting time varies from 195 min for MS04 to 210 min for MGN03, while passing by MW05 (200 min), MB01 (198 min), and MGR02 (196 min). The final setting time varied from 496 min (MGR01) to 510 min (MGN03) with an average of 300 min over and above the initial setting time to reach the final setting time. The flexural strength tests of the mortars show that the crushed sands have better properties than the alluvial sands. They vary from 1.64 to 2.18 MPa at 2 days, from 3 to 3.90 MPa at 7 days, and from 7 to 14.84 MPa at 28 days. As for the compressive stress tests, the results show that the quarry sand mortars studied have higher average compressive strengths than the alluvial sand mortars, with basalt sand offering the best performance. These strengths range from 6.35 to 10.83 MPa at 2 days, 7.55 to 18.96 MPa at 7 days, and 22.81 to 34.58 MPa at 28 days, with 34.58 MPa for the basalt mortar. The mineralogical analysis of the mortars reveals the presence of cement hydrates and non-hydrated phases in all the mortars. They also show the absence of minerals brought by the sands that could chemically interfere in the setting process.
Usefulness of contrast-enhanced echocardiography in the diagnosis of aortic arch pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wu Wenqian , Li He , Fang Lingyun , Li Yuman , Xie Mingxing
Published: April 2022

We report a case of a 51-year-old woman with a aortic arch pseudoaneurysm first diagnosed by contrast-enhanced echocardiography. We believe that with careful scanning and image interpretation of arch lesions, contrast-enhanced echocardiography can serve as a reliable imaging method to diagnose aortic arch pseudoaneurysms, especially when the patient cannot undergo CTA and MRI.
Reduction of Body Fat Mass by Cryolipolysis without Changes in Clinical Biomarkers Levels
Authors: Ferreiraᵃ Bruno Gonçalves , Stroparo Elenice , Cezar-dos-Santos Fernando , Pestanaᵃ Cezar Rangel
Published: April 2022

Cryolipolysis is a non-invasive cooling technique used to reduce localized body fat mass. The changes in fat percentage composition have been assessed by many analytical methods, including bioelectrical impedance analysis. The most common effects of cryolipolysis on reducing subcutaneous of visceral fat tissue have been addressed but biochemical parameters to safely evaluated its systemic effects have been not fully understood. This study aims to systematically analyze potential changes in hematological and inflammatory biomarkers following the reduction of body fat mass. A prospective longitudinal approach included a total of 20 participants divided into groups of 5 men and women in each with ages between 25 and 45 years. They were submitted to standard cooling exposure for 60 minutes at -5°C and -10°C with 360° and “shielded” equipment, respectively. The blood samples were analyzed at times T0 (baseline), T1 (2 days), T2 (14 days), T3 (30 days) and T4 (60 days) after the procedure. The percentage of body fat mass were analyzed by bioimpedance at times T0 (baseline), T1(30 days), T2 (60 days), T3 (90 days) and T4 (120 days). No changes in hematological and inflammatory biomarkers serum levels were observed in both temperatures. However, bioimpedance analysis revealed a significant reduction in the percentage of body fat mass only in men participants, with a decrease of 28 (24.5/ 29.9) compared to 30 (26.2/ 33.30) when submitted to -5°C after 120 days. These findings support cryolipolysis can be considered an effective and safe method for localized body fat reduction without significant changes in blood biochemical parameters.
Three-center-four-electron halogen bond enables non-metallic complex catalysis for Mukaiyama–Mannich-type reaction at ppm-level catalyst loading
Authors: Oishi Shunya , Fujinami Takeshi , Masui Yu , Suzuki Toshiyasu , Kato Masayuki , Ohtsuka Naoya , MOMIYAMA Norie
Published: April 2022

The three-center-four-electron halogen bond (3c4e X-bond) presents a new design concept for catalysis. By integrating halogen(I) (X+: I+ or Br+), bis-pyridyl ligand NN, and non-nucleophilic counter anion Y, we developed non-metallic complex catalysts, [N···X···N]Ys, which exhibited outstanding activity and facilitated the Mukaiyama–Mannich-type reaction of N-heteroaromatics with ppm-level catalyst loading. The high activity of [N···X···N]SbF6 was clearly demonstrated. NMR titration experiments, CSI-MS, computations, and UV-vis spectroscopic studies suggest that the robust catalytic activity of [N···X···N]Y can be attributed to the unique feature of the 3c4e X-bond for binding chloride: i) the partial covalent nature transforms [N···X···N]+ complexation to sp2CH as a hydrogen bonding donor site, and ii) the noncovalent property allows for the dissociation of [N···X···N]+ for the formation of [Cl···X···Cl]–. This study introduces a new application of 3c4e X-bonds for catalysis via halogen(I) complexes.
Advantages and disadvantages of vitrectomy combined with cataract surgery in the treatment of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis
Authors: Meng Bo , Li Shuang , Huang Yingxiang , Wang Kang , Luo Lihua , Zhang Taoran , Yan Bojing , Zhao Lu , Wang Yanling
Published: April 2022

Purpose To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of vitrectomy combined with cataract surgery compared with simple vitrectomy without cataract surgery in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, CBM, COCHRANE, CNKI, WANFANG and VIP databases were systematically reviewed. Complications include transient ocular hypertension, corneal edema, anterior chamber inflammation, posterior synechia of iris, iris neovascularization, posterior capsular opacification, recurrent vitreous hemorrhage, macular edema and hard exudate of retina. Results Seventeen studies that included 1630 eyes were selected. The proportion of anterior chamber inflammation (OR = 2.15; P= 0.03) was higher in combined group than simple group. The proportions of iris neovascularization (OR = 0.40; P = 0.0002), vitreous hemorrhage (OR = 0.46; P = 0.02), macular edema (OR = 0.28; P = 0.007), hard exudation of retina (OR = 0.26; P = 0.004) and posterior capsular opacification (OR = 0.42; P = 0.006) were lower in combined group than simple group. The proportions of corneal edema, high intraocular pressure and iris synechia between two groups were similar. Conclusion Vitrectomy combined with cataract surgery could reduce retinal ischemia related complications than simple vitrectomy at the cost of increasing anterior chamber inflammation. Combined surgery should be considered first after weighing the advantages and disadvantages.
Peatland plant functional type effects on decomposition factors are non-pervasive, but microhabitat dependent
Authors: Sahar Najam e , Robroek Bjorn JM , Mills Robert TE , Dumont Marc G , Barel Janna M
Published: April 2022

Despite their low primary production, ombrotrophic peatlands are important long-term sinks for atmospheric carbon due to even lower rates of litter decomposition. Litter decomposition can be affected by plant functional types (PFTs; Graminoids, Ericoids) and microhabitat (hummock, lawn), but the microhabitat context-dependency of PFT effects on decomposition processes remains poorly understood. We used a long-term (> 10 yr) plant removal experiment, in conjunction with the Tea Bag Index (TBI), to explore how PFT removal in both hummock and lawn microhabitats influence decomposition. In parallel, we assessed potential activity of five extracellular hydrolytic enzymes as proxies for microbial activity. Our results indicate that PFT removal had no effect on the TBI decomposition constant ( k ), nor on the stabilisation factor (S). Yet, k increased slightly when both PFTs were absent. In the lawns, we observed higher values of S as compared to hummocks. A similar trend was observed for the decomposition rate constant ( k ). PFT compostion influenced the potential hyrolytic EEAs underlying decomposition process, however this influence was non-pervasive and depended on microhabitat. Our results suggest an important role for vegetation change – through their influence on enzyme activity – along the lawn-hummock gradient in regulating decomposition processes in northern peatlands. Our results highlight it is important to monitor the interplay between plant functional type composition and microhabitat in order to understand decomposition processes in peatlands.
Targeting the Post-Synaptic Proteome in Alzheimer Disease with Psychosis
Authors: Krivinko Josh , DeChellis-Marks Michael , Zeng Lang , Fan Peihao , Lopez Oscar , Ding Ying , Wang Lirong , Kofler Julia , MacDonald Matthew , Sweet Robert
Published: April 2022

Individuals with Alzheimer Disease with psychotic symptoms (AD + P) experience more rapid cognitive and functional decline, and have reduced indices of synaptic integrity, relative to those without psychosis (AD-P). We hypothesized the postsynaptic density (PSD) proteome is altered in AD + P relative to AD-P, and that this proteomic signature could be used to nominate novel pharmacotherapies. Liquid-Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry analysis of PSDs from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of AD + P, AD-P and cognitively normal elderly subjects. The PSD proteome signature of AD + P was characterized by lower levels of proteins regulating Rho GTPases and the actin cytoskeleton. Potential novel therapies identified included the C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 5 inhibitor, maraviroc. AD + P is characterized by broad changes in the PSD proteome in prefrontal cortex. Further testing of potential therapies for their ability to reverse these changes and protect against psychotic-like behaviors in model systems is warranted.
Downhill running improves bone metabolism through Sirt1/NF-κB signaling pathway in diabetic mice
Authors: Chen Xianghe , Lu Pengcheng , Jin Shengjie , Zeng Xinyu , Liu Chi , Qiu Xiao , Sun Kaihong
Published: April 2022

(1) Objective: To explore the change of bone resorption metabolism in T2DM mice as well as the effect of different exercise on the OC differentiation and bone resorption metabolism in T2DM mice through Sirt1/NF-κB pathway. (2) Methods: A total of 55 4-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal control group (NC) (12 mice) and T2DM modeling group (n=43). After modeling, the T2DM mice were randomized into T2DM control group (TDC, n=13), T2DM high-intensity intermittent exercise group (TDG, n=13) and T2DM downhill running group (TDP, n=14). Group TDG and group TDP were trained by 8-week high-intensity intermittent exercise and downhill running respectively. After the interventions, related factors in the bone were detected for mRNA expression by RT-PCR, and for protein expression by West-blotting technique. TRAP staining was used to detect the quantity of OCs and multinuclear OCs induced by BMM induced differentiation, and ELISA to detect the serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (StrACP) activity. Groups of mice were observed for morphological structure of bone tissue by HE staining and Safranin O-Fast Green staining. (3) Results: Compared with group NC, the cancellous bone and cortical bone thickness were significantly degraded in TDC group, inhibition of OC differentiation in T2DM mice resulted in a decrease in serum StrACP activity, and down-regulation of Sirt1 expression in T2DM mice bone resulted in activation of the NF-κB pathway. After 8 weeks of training, the up-regulation of Sirt1 expression in the bone of TDG and TDP mice inhibited the NF-kB pathway, inhibited OC differentiation and serum AP activity in T2DM mice, and significantly improved the thickness of cancellous and cortical bone in the distal femur and tibia of T2DM mice. However, TDP is significantly better than TDG in improving the changes of the above related indicators. (4) Conclusion: The bone resorption/metabolism in T2DM mice was enhanced. Downhill running activated Sirt1 expression in the bone of T2DM mice, and then inhibited the NF-κB pathway, thus suppressing OC differentiation and bone resorption/metabolism, and its effect was better than that of high-intensity intermittent exercise.
Associations between dietary patterns and an array of inflammation biomarkers and plasma lipid profile in postmenopausal women
Authors: Ilesanmi-Oyelere Bolaji L. , Kruger Marlena C.
Published: April 2022

Objective and design: In this study, evaluation of the association of four dietary patterns with an array of biomarkers of systemic inflammation and lipid profile among 80 New Zealand postmenopausal women were conducted. Materials: Four dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis (PCA) and plasma samples collected for inflammatory biomarkers and lipid profile measures. Results: There were negative correlations between intake of dietary fibre, soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), vitamin C and niacin and with almost all the inflammatory markers. Vegetables, tea/coffee and especially fruits were negatively correlated with the inflammatory biomarkers. High intake of Pattern 1 (potato, bread, and fruit pattern) was associated with a low risk of high IFN-α2, IFN-λ, IL-6 and IL-8 levels while a high intake of Pattern 3 (fast-food pattern) was associated high risk of IFN-α2 levels. Multiple linear regression showed a negative correlation between Pattern 2 (soups and vegetables pattern) and levels of CRP as well as ferritin. Positive association was observed between Pattern 3 (fast-food pattern) and CRP levels. Positive correlation was also observed between Pattern 2 and HDL and total cholesterol (TC) levels, Pattern 4 (meat and vegetables pattern) was however negatively correlated with TC, LDL and TC/HDL ratio. Conclusions: The result of this study reinforces the contribution and role of diet in modifying inflammation in postmenopausal women.
The effects of a three-day mountain bike cycling race on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and heart rate variability in amateur cyclists
Authors: Swart Anton
Published: April 2022

Background: Increased endurance exercise at high intensities may cause an acute reduction in cardiac function, causing a physiological cascade that releases cardiac biomarkers. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a physiological measurement used to evaluate the autonomic nervous system (ANS) state. This study set out to determine the changes in the ANS by participating in a three-day endurance mountain bike cycling event using HRV as an outcome measure.Methods: Sixteen healthy participants (male and female) participating in a three-day endurance mountain bike cycling event underwent five-minute resting electrocardiography (ECG) recordings in a supine position. In addition, heart rate variability measurements were recorded two days before the race (baseline testing), after each race day, and at 24-hour post-event (recovery).Results: Time-domain and frequency domain measures showed significant changes from baseline HRV parameters after each race day (p≤0.05). These changes reflected an increase in sympathetic activity and parasympathetic withdrawal after each day of the event. In addition, our data revealed that the mean heart rate (HR) and R-R variability variables did not return to baseline values after 24-hours of recovery, reflecting autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction and that changes persisted for at least up to 24-hours post-event.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that competing in an endurance mountain bike cycling event led to diminished vagal activity and decreased HRV throughout the event, which persisted for at least 24-hours post-event. The body was under continuous sympathetic dominance and parasympathetic withdrawal at rest and each racing day, implying that each race day inflicts significant physiological stress. This physiological stress causes a disturbance in homeostasis and an increase in ANS dysfunction. This dysfunction has implications for further research, including dysrhythmia risk and monitoring of athletes in advising participation and returning to strenuous activity post-endurance events.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Identifying Exceptional Neurosurgical Residency Candidates
Authors: Brown Nolan J. , Ton Emily , Clarke Jamie E. , Sung Hana , Ibrahim Lina , Shahrestani Shane , Himstead Alexander S. , Ong Vera , Shlobin Nathan A. , Oh Michael Y.
Published: April 2022

Objective
A specialty with high value on reliability and accountability, aspiring neurosurgical residents have classically excelled in demonstrating these attributes through in-person engagements. Sub-internship rotations, leadership in extracurriculars, and longitudinal research endeavors have traditionally shed light on uniquely responsible and self-driven candidates. As the COVID-19 pandemic altered the paradigm for medical student engagements, our team investigated whether neurosurgical residency programs would be able to gauge candidates’ favorable attributes with the same accuracy as prior to the pandemic.
Design/Setting/Participants:
The PubMed/MEDLINE database was queried from inception to 2021 to determine the factors that contribute to a successful American neurosurgery residency match. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were predetermined to ensure comprehensiveness and relevance. Data from the National Residency Matching Program were also reviewed to determine significant trends in the American neurosurgery residency match. These data were then interpreted in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic to gain insight into the present-day neurosurgery match experience.
Results
A total of 32 studies were included in the review. Factors relevant to current neurosurgery residency match rates include the number of applicants to neurosurgery programs, quantity of research publications, quality of mentorship, interviews, letters of recommendation, standardized academic metrics, and residency program outreach. While current neurosurgery residency program directors are generally satisfied with recent match cycles, survey respondents expressed support for a more objective application review process. The transition to virtual interviews and suspension of away rotations required by the COVID-19 pandemic has raised significant student concerns related to the pandemic’s impact on the current residency recruitment process.
Conclusion
The neurosurgery match is influenced by multiple dynamic, varied factors that are currently impacted dramatically by the COVID-19 pandemic. While more studies focusing on refining applicant selection processes are warranted, it is imperative for neurosurgical programs to seek new surrogates for assessing favorable neurosurgery residency applicant attributes.
Die Erstellung einer Lernumgebung mit immersiver Virtual Reality für das Fach Sachunterricht nach dem M-iVR-L Modell
Authors: Bakenhus Silke , Holzapfel Marisa Alena , Arndt Nicolas , Brückmann Maja
Published: April 2022

Digitalisierung sowie Lernen an und mit digitalen Medien sind nicht zuletzt durch die Corona-Pandemie noch stärker in den Fokus gerückt. Um derartiges Lernen zu ermöglichen, müssen schülergerechte Lerngelegenheiten geschaffen werden. Dazu müssen (angehende) Lehrkräfte in der Lage sein, digitale Lerngelegenheiten zu konzipieren und didaktisch aufzubereiten. Es hat sich in den vergangenen eineinhalb Jahren gezeigt, dass digitales Lernen nicht ausschliesslich für die Sekundarstufe gedacht werden kann, sondern bereits in der Primarstufe gute Konzepte zur Erstellung digitaler Lerngelegenheiten benötigt werden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird auf der Basis des Meaningful-immersive Virtual Reality-Learning framework (M-iVR-L Modell) von Mulders, Buchner und Kerres (2020) exemplarisch aufgezeigt, wie die Umsetzung einer Lerngelegenheit mit virtueller Realität (VR) für den Sachunterricht aussehen könnte. Am Beispiel bereits vorhandener 360°-Aufnahmen des Forschungsschiffs Sonne wird die theoretische Umsetzung der sechs Punkte des M-iVR-L Modells durchgespielt. Dabei wird ein Konzept mitgedacht, welches angehende Sachunterrichtslehrkräfte in die Gestaltung der VR-Lerngelegenheit einbezieht, um ihnen so direkt im Studium einen kompetenten und reflektierten Umgang mit digitalen Medien zu vermitteln. Zukünftig sollen auf dieser Basis VR-Lerngelegenheiten gemeinsam mit Sachunterrichtsstudierenden erstellt und evaluiert werden.
Association of Intrinsic Factors with Non-contact Injury Prevalence of Front Foot Knee Pain Among First Class Fast Bowlers in Colombo Division
Authors: Senanayake Sameera , Kandambi Charith , Kaushalya Seedevi Gamage , Nisansala Hettiarachchige
Published: April 2022

Background: Cricket is one of the most popular sports in Sri Lanka. Both intrinsic and extrinsic injury prevention and increase performance are of cardinal importance to a fast bowler to reach optimal performance. Intrinsic prevention methods may protect the fast bowler against too high level of stress experienced during bowling. In this study we aimed to assess the incidence of front foot knee pain and the associated intrinsic risk factors among first class cricket fast bowlers, to come up with recommendations to improve training regimes to prevent non-contact injury. Method: Descriptive Cross-Sectional study was conducted with 30 fast bowlers with front foot knee pain. Severity of knee pain was measured by using knee evaluation form. Q angle, Hip internal rotation were measured using a modified goniometer. Quadricep and hamstring muscle strength were measured by cuff adapted sphygmomanometer. Ankle dorsiflexion was measured by Lunge Test. Results: An insignificant, positive correlation in Ankle dorsiflexion (p=0.780, r=0.053), hip internal rotation (p=0.194, r=0.244), and quadriceps hamstring muscle strength ratio (p=0.952, r=0.012) of the fast bowlers with front foot knee pain was observed. Also, there was an insignificant negative correlation between quadriceps angle (p=0.827, r=-0.042) and front foot knee pain.
Teaching a University Student with Learning Disabilities who Qualifies for Regular English as a Foreign Language Course Placement: A Case Study
Authors: Chang Wan-Jeng
Published: April 2022

This study investigated the effects of applying multiple intelligence theory in the tutelage of students with learning disabilities in the field of English as a foreign language (EFL). EFL teachers are urged to incorporate topics that would be of interest to students with learning disabilities, thus encouraging these students to think more deeply and participate more actively in their EFL learning. In this study, the instructor used drawing as a medium to teach English and achieved favorable outcomes. An interview revealed that the participant developed new EFL learning strategies, a stronger EFL learning motivation, improved English-language ability, and even planned to attend future EFL courses. Classroom observation indicated that the participant exhibited greater learning autonomy, enhanced English and drawing ability, decreased anxiety, and an improved student–teacher relationship. Despite its limitations, this study presented a new approach along with the results of that approach to help enhance the EFL learning outcomes of university students with learning disabilities. This novel approach is thus highly recommended for EFL educators of students with learning disabilities to incorporate into their teaching practices.
Views from the Border: Perspectives of Gifted Student Needs from Early Adopters of the High Potential and Gifted Education Policy
Authors: Brewster Marek , Balla-Gow Bohdan , Vialle Wilma , Wormald Catherine
Published: April 2022

In gifted education, the relationship between policy and practice can be greatly influenced by individuals within school contexts. The perspectives of school leaders and teachers influence both the interpretation and execution of gifted policies. The New South Wales Department of Education’s High Potential and Gifted Education (HPGE) Policy is mandatory for all public schools in New South Wales from 2021, replacing the Gifted and Talented Policy of 2004. This study investigated the views of school representatives on the needs of high potential and gifted students. Participants were from schools selected as ‘Early Adopters’ of the HPGE Policy. A qualitative design was used and structured interviews were conducted with 10 participants from a total of four ‘Early Adopter’ schools and networks. The data demonstrated that assessment and identification practices, building teacher capacity, and the role of educators in the process of talent development were key points of concern.
Miejsce definicji rodziny w katolickiej nauce społecznej
Authors: Biały Stanisław
Published: April 2022

Czy wolno albo czy warto podejmować się redefiniowania pojęcia rodziny w katolickiej nauce społecznej? Tak postawione pytanie przez autora artykułu, zostało sprowokowane lekturą tekstu opublikowanego pod wymownym tytułem: Nowy rektor instytutu Jana Pawła II w Rzymie: trzeba przemyśleć definicję rodziny. W tym kontekście jako punkt odniesienia, do podjętych analiz posłużyła mu inna publikacja, tj. Dariusza Dańkowskiego, pt. Czas na katolicką naukę społeczną. Stwierdza się tam, że katolicka nauka społeczna w Polsce leży odłogiem. Zwornikiem refleksji, podjętej przez autora niniejszego artykułu, jest zatem tradycyjna doktryna Kościoła, w której celował papież Jan Paweł II. Odwołuje się ona do takich treści, że rodzinę stanowi związek mężczyzny i kobiety w ich akcie poczęcia i zrodzenia potomstwa. Związek ten odblaskiem (jak i symbolem) Przymierza, jakie Bóg zawarł z człowiekiem.

W związku ze zmianami społecznymi, dramatami ludzkimi, które niesie życie, znane jest pojęcie rodziny nuklearnej, wielopokoleniowej, rozbitej, zastępczej, zrekonstruowanej, niewydolnej wychowawczo itp., ale wszystkie te określenia swoje jądro, co do istoty i sensu zdefiniowania, znajdują w odniesieniu do kobiety i mężczyzny, którzy poprzez zrodzenie dziecka wchodzą względem siebie w szczególne i jedyne relacje. Magisterium Kościoła nadto wskazuje, iż sakramentalny związek małżeński jest uprzedni do powstania rodziny (katolickiej) – de iure. A wszystko to dlatego, że zrodzenie dziecka tworzy olbrzymi zakres obowiązków dla jego rodziców, czyli ojca i matki, i w związku z tym wymaga szczególnej łaski i opieki. W związku z tym, wydaje się, że jakakolwiek próba, motywowana zmianami społecznymi, kulturowymi, religijnymi (kampanią homoseksualną itp.), tego porządku nie może zburzyć. Sięga on logiki ludzkiej i woli Bożej, objawionej w poznaniu prawa naturalnego oraz kościelnego, ewangelicznego, kanonicznego, oraz stanowionego.
Pośrednie godzenie w życie ludzkie: narkomania, alkoholizm, nikotynizm, dopalacze
Authors: Michalska Katarzyna
Published: April 2022

Dominującą chorobą naszych czasów stają się różnego rodzaju uzależnienia. Szczególnie niebezpieczne są uzależnienia pośrednio godzące w życie ludzie. Już od bardzo dawna powszechnie znane, a zarazem uznane za bardzo szkodliwe są formy uzależnień, od substancji dostępnych legalnie. Taką trucizną jest alkohol etylowy, wszelkiego rodzaju dopalacze, papierosy (te elektryczne również) i narkotyki. Szkodliwość substancji psychoaktywnych na organizm człowieka jest powszechnie znana i oczywista. Ze skutkami uzależnień boryka się całe społeczeństwo, ponosząc przy tym ogromne straty zarówno ekonomiczne jak i społeczne. A mimo to na szczeblu państwowym są podejmowane znikome, a nawet przeciwne działania, zmierzające w kierunku budowania trzeźwego a tym samym silnego i mądrego społeczeństwa. Współczesny człowiek osadzony w kulturze konsumpcjonizmu, zwraca się raczej ku rzeczom i płynącej z nich przyjemności, niż ku ludziom, nad czym głęboko ubolewam.
Allometric relationships to estimate aboveground biomass of species in a tropical dry forest of Central Mexico
Authors: Gómez Jesús D. , Etchevers Jorge D. , Campo Julio , Monterroso Alejandro I. , Paustian Keith , Asensio Carlos
Published: April 2022

The estimation of biomass in seasonally tropical dry forests requires basic information that for some species is scarce. To help solve this deficit, we generated allometric equations for five species of tropical dry forest (TDF). Equations for each tree species studied, for two groups of species, and all species together are reported. The equations were of the power type, based on diameter at breast height (dbh). The allometric model of each species included was fitted resulting in high values of the coefficient of determination using only the vari­able dbh. The allometric equations for each of the five forest species differed from each other (p < 0.05). Species grouped according to similar specific wood density showed a better fit of the model (p < 0.05), particularly those with high values for this parameter, than when considering only one species. The biomass of all species was predicted correctly by using only the measures of the basal area. However, the coefficient of determination increased, and the estimated error decreased, when the specific wood density was added to the model. Finally, the best fit of the model is attained by adding the tree height to the equation. The last two characteristics, however, were not significant when determining the individual models for each species.
Boundary-Spanning in Disaster Risk Reduction and Recovery through Solution-Focused Coaching Approach
Authors: Lam Foong Sin
Published: April 2022

Universities must forge new links, form coalitions and facilitate engagement with local stakeholders to reduce future natural disaster impacts. This paper introduces a conceptual framework and key features of an integrated model of boundary-spanning strategies and solution-focused coaching (SFC) approach in disaster risk reduction and recovery (DRRR). The model is based on stakeholders’ strengths, relationship-building. It is a goal setting approach in DRRR that uses boundary spanning strategies to empower multi-stakeholders in envisioning a more resilient community in the face of future disaster. Through stakeholders-community boundary spanners collaborations, DRRR shared goals and plans are co-produced.  
Keywords: Boundary-spanning, solution-focused coaching, disaster risk reduction and recovery
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i19.3208
The Efficacy of Health Information Technology in Supporting Health Equity for Black and Hispanic Patients With Chronic Diseases: Systematic Review
Authors: Senteio Charles , Murdock Paul Joseph
Published: April 2022

Background

Racial inequity persists for chronic disease outcomes amid the proliferation of health information technology (HIT) designed to support patients in following recommended chronic disease self-management behaviors (ie, medication behavior, physical activity, and dietary behavior and attending follow-up appointments). Numerous interventions that use consumer-oriented HIT to support self-management have been evaluated, and some of the related literature has focused on racial minorities who experience disparate chronic disease outcomes. However, little is known about the efficacy of these interventions.

Objective

This study aims to conduct a systematic review of the literature that describes the efficacy of consumer-oriented HIT interventions designed to support self-management involving African American and Hispanic patients with chronic diseases.

Methods

We followed an a priori protocol using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses)-Equity 2012 Extension guidelines for systematic reviews that focus on health equity. Themes of interest included the inclusion and exclusion criteria. We identified 7 electronic databases, created search strings, and conducted the searches. We initially screened results based on titles and abstracts and then performed full-text screening. We then resolved conflicts and extracted relevant data from the included articles.

Results

In total, there were 27 included articles. The mean sample size was 640 (SD 209.5), and 52% (14/27) of the articles focused on African American participants, 15% (4/27) of the articles focused on Hispanic participants, and 33% (9/27) included both. Most articles addressed 3 of the 4 self-management behaviors: medication (17/27, 63%), physical activity (17/27, 63%), and diet (16/27, 59%). Only 15% (4/27) of the studies focused on follow-up appointment attendance. All the articles investigated HIT for use at home, whereas 7% (2/27) included use in the hospital.

Conclusions

This study addresses a key gap in research that has not sufficiently examined what technology designs and capabilities may be effective for underserved populations in promoting health behavior in concordance with recommendations.