bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suicide and Self-Harm Related Internet Use
Authors: Padmanathan Prianka , Biddle Lucy , Carroll Robert , Derges Jane , Potokar John , Gunnell David
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Background: The rise in Internet use adds a new dimension to suicide prevention. We investigated suicide/self-harm (S/Sh)-related Internet use among patients presenting to hospital with self-harm. Method: We asked 1,198 adult and 315 child and adolescent patients presenting to hospital following self-harm in a city in South West England about Internet use associated with their hospital presentation. Associations between Internet use and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were investigated using multivariable logistic regression models. Focus groups with clinicians explored the acceptability and utility of asking about Internet use. Results: The prevalence of S/Sh-related Internet use was 8.4% (95% CI: 6.8–10.1%) among adult hospital presentations and 26.0% (95% CI = 21.3–31.2%) among children's hospital presentations. In both samples, S/Sh-related Internet use was associated with higher levels of suicidal intent. Mostly, clinicians found it acceptable to ask about Internet use during psychosocial assessments and believed this could inform perceptions of risk and decision-making. Limitations: It is unclear whether the findings in this study are applicable to the general self-harm patient population because only those who had psychosocial assessments were included. Conclusion: S/Sh-related Internet use is likely to become increasingly relevant as the Internet-native generation matures. Furthermore, Internet use may be a proxy marker for intent.
Automatic Antecedents of Discrimination
Authors: Roth Jenny , Deutsch Roland , Sherman Jeffrey W.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In increasingly diverse societies, discrimination against social groups and their members continues to be a public and political concern. Research has addressed three basic cognitive processes that precede discrimination: categorization, stereotype/prejudice activation, and stereotype/prejudice application, suggesting that these processes occur in an automatic fashion. However, there are multiple components of automaticity, including unawareness, efficiency, unintentionality, and uncontrollability. Most of the previous research implies that these components of automaticity converge with respect to cognitive antecedents of discrimination. Here, we review evidence on the distinct components of automaticity in order to assess whether (a) categorization, (b) stereotype/prejudice activation, and (c) stereotype/prejudice application occur (1) without awareness, (2) efficiently, and (3) goal-independently. We highlight evidence indicating convergence or divergence of the automaticity components during each of the processing stages. This analysis provides readers with an up-to-date review that helps to evaluate whether a multi-component approach to automaticity is of additional benefit in aggregating knowledge about the cognitive antecedents of discrimination. We discuss open issues and avenues for future research.
Assessment of the Carbonate Chemistry Seasonal Cycles in the Southern Ocean From Persistent Observational Platforms
Authors: Williams N. L. , Juranek L. W. , Feely R. A. , Russell J. L. , Johnson K. S. , Hales B.
Published: May 2018

Observations from Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) biogeochemical profiling Argo floats are used to characterize the climatological seasonal cycles and drivers of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2), and the saturation state of aragonite at the surface and at 200 m across five Southern Ocean frontal regimes, including under sea ice. The Southern Ocean ranges from a temperature‐dominated system in the northernmost Subtropical Zone to a biologically dominated system in the most poleward Seasonal Sea Ice Zone. In all zones, the ingassing or outgassing of CO2 must be balanced by geostrophic and Ekman transport, mixing from below, and particle transport of carbon into or out of the euphotic zone. The climatological seasonal cycles spanning the period from 2014 to 2017 compare favorably with existing climatologies in spring and summer and less so during winter months, at higher latitudes, and in ice‐covered regions due, in part, to limited wintertime observations before SOCCOM. We observe increases in the carbon and nutrient content of surface waters south of the Subantarctic Front between climatological data products and the SOCCOM float climatologies, even after adjusting for anthropogenic change, suggesting a large‐scale increase in the amount of upwelled carbon‐ and nutrient‐rich deep waters. This increased upwelling corresponds to a positive Southern Annular Mode Index over 2014–2017 and likely acts to decrease the magnitude of the Southern Ocean sink of total carbon by increasing outgassing of natural CO2, especially during winter months.
Microphysical and Kinematic Processes Associated With Anomalous Charge Structures in Isolated Convection
Authors: Fuchs Brody R. , Rutledge Steven A. , Dolan Brenda , Carey Lawrence D. , Schultz Christopher
Published: May 2018

Microphysical and kinematic characteristics of two storm populations, based on their macroscale charge structures, are investigated in an effort to increase our understanding of the processes that lead to anomalous (or inverted charge) structures. Nine normal polarity cases (midlevel negative charge) with dual‐Doppler and polarimetric coverage that occurred in northern Alabama and six anomalous polarity cases (midlevel positive charge) that occurred in northeastern Colorado are included in this study. The results show that even though anomalous polarity storms formed in environments with similar instability, they had significantly larger and stronger updrafts. Moreover, the anomalous polarity storms evidently have more robust mixed‐phase microphysics, based on a variety of metrics. We infer positively charged graupel, and therefore high supercooled water contents, in the midlevels of the anomalous storms based on the relationship between colocations of graupel and inferred positive charge from Lightning Mapping Array data. Anomalous polarity storms in Colorado have much higher cloud base heights and shallower warm cloud depths in this study, leading us to hypothesize that anomalous polarity storms have lower amounts of dilution and entrainment. Using representative updraft speeds and warm cloud depths, the time required for a parcel to traverse from cloud base to the freezing level was estimated for each storm observation. We suggest that this metric is the key discriminator between the two storm populations and leads us to hypothesize that it strongly influences the amount of supercooled water and the probability of positive charge in the midlevels, leading to an anomalous charge structure.
Methane Hydrate Formation in Thick Sandstones by Free Gas Flow
Authors: You Kehua , Flemings Peter B.
Published: May 2018

We show with a two‐dimensional multiphase flow and multicomponent transport model that free gas flow is a viable mechanism to form concentrated methane hydrate in meter‐scale, dipping sandstones far above the base of the hydrate stability zone (BHSZ). In this model, gas preferentially flows updip along the top of sandstone due to buoyancy. This drives hydrate formation, increasing the local salinity to the stability limit and developing three‐phase (gas, liquid, and hydrate) equilibrium above the BHSZ. With time, the gas and the hydrate solidification front (HSF) advance together updip. Behind the HSF, hydrate continues to form as the elevated salinity diffuses away. High hydrate saturations reduce the sediment permeability significantly. As a result, as the gas and HSF move updip, they are also pushed perpendicularly from the top to the base of the sandstone. The hydrate system ultimately self‐seals itself due to reduced permeability across the entire thickness of the sandstone. Gas starts to retreat downdip and accumulates below the BHSZ. With this model high hydrate saturations form far above the BHSZ at high methane supply rates while hydrate is concentrated at the BHSZ or no hydrate forms at low methane supply rates. This study provides further insights into hydrate formation by free gas flow, which can be used to design the best strategies for economic and environmental production of methane from hydrate reservoirs.
Microphysical and Kinematic Structure of Convective‐Scale Elements in the Inner Rainband of Typhoon Matmo (2014) After Landfall
Authors: Wang Mingjun , Zhao Kun , Lee Wen‐Chau , Zhang Fuqing
Published: May 2018

The detailed microphysical structure and processes associated with the kinematic structure of the inner rainband of Typhoon Matmo (2014) over East China were examined using observations from an S band polarimetric Doppler radar and an S band Doppler radar. The kinematic structure of convective cells within the inland inner rainband was similar to that of the principal rainband over the ocean in terms of both updrafts and downdrafts. The hydrometeors within convective regions above the freezing level presented a layered pattern, with ice crystals at the top, dry snow in the middle, and graupel at the bottom just above the freezing level. Dry snow and graupel particles were mainly distributed downwind in relation to the overturning updraft. Heavy rainfall occurred mostly in the updraft region and the region affected by graupel. To further investigate the formation of heavy rainfall, variations in reflectivity, differential reflectivity, and rainwater content within different layers were examined. Two distinct mechanisms were identified: (1) in the updraft region the heavy rainfall was predominantly produced through warm‐rain processes of autoconversion, accretion, and coalescence between 0.5 and 5 km in altitude; and (2) outside the updraft region, the heavy rainfall was mainly produced through melting of graupel particles. Evaporation was also observed within the radial inflow layer, most likely due to the cool dry air transported by the low‐level downdraft. This study revealed, for the first time, the interactions between the microphysical and kinematic structure and the vertical evolution of warm‐rain processes in the inner rainbands of tropical cyclones after landfall.
Correction to: Efficient DNA-assisted synthesis of trans-membrane gold nanowires
Authors: Guo Maoxiang , Hernández-Neuta Iván , Madaboosi Narayanan , Nilsson Mats , van der Wijngaart Wouter
Published: May 2018

Figure 1 and the descriptive text in the Section “SEM characterization of synthesized nanowires” of the previously published version of this Article were erroneous. The authors would like to replace Fig. 1 and section “SEM characterization of synthesized nanowires” with the figure and text below:
Transcriptional cofactors Ski and SnoN are major regulators of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in health and disease
Authors: Tecalco-Cruz Angeles C. , Ríos-López Diana G. , Vázquez-Victorio Genaro , Rosales-Alvarez Reyna E. , Macías-Silva Marina
Published: May 2018

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family plays major pleiotropic roles by regulating many physiological processes in development and tissue homeostasis. The TGF-β signaling pathway outcome relies on the control of the spatial and temporal expression of >500 genes, which depend on the functions of the Smad protein along with those of diverse modulators of this signaling pathway, such as transcriptional factors and cofactors. Ski (Sloan-Kettering Institute) and SnoN (Ski novel) are Smad-interacting proteins that negatively regulate the TGF-β signaling pathway by disrupting the formation of R-Smad/Smad4 complexes, as well as by inhibiting Smad association with the p300/CBP coactivators. The Ski and SnoN transcriptional cofactors recruit diverse corepressors and histone deacetylases to repress gene transcription. The TGF-β/Smad pathway and coregulators Ski and SnoN clearly regulate each other through several positive and negative feedback mechanisms. Thus, these cross-regulatory processes finely modify the TGF-β signaling outcome as they control the magnitude and duration of the TGF-β signals. As a result, any alteration in these regulatory mechanisms may lead to disease development. Therefore, the design of targeted therapies to exert tight control of the levels of negative modulators of the TGF-β pathway, such as Ski and SnoN, is critical to restore cell homeostasis under the specific pathological conditions in which these cofactors are deregulated, such as fibrosis and cancer.
Resting T cells are hypersensitive to DNA damage due to defective DNA repair pathway
Authors: Hu Qian , Xie Yujie , Ge Yuanlong , Nie Xin , Tao Jun , Zhao Yong
Published: May 2018

Blood cells are challenged by intrinsic and exogenous stress that may result in many types of damage to DNA. As a major participant in cell-mediated immunity in blood, T lymphocytes are maintained in their quiescent (resting) state for most of their lives and switch to the proliferating state once stimulated. How resting and stimulated T cells address DNA damage remains largely unknown. Here, we report that while different types of DNA damage are efficiently repaired in stimulated T cells, they result in massive apoptosis of resting T cells. Mechanistically, DNA damage in resting T cells activates the ATM/ATR/DNA-PKcs signaling pathway but fails to induce the formation of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci, leading to unrepaired DNA damage that activates apoptosis in a p53-independent but JNK/p73-dependent manner. Mice challenged with high DNA damage stress display far fewer T cells in peripheral blood, lymph nodes, and spleens. Collectively, these results reveal that resting T cells are hypersensitive to DNA damage due to defects in DNA damage repair mechanisms. These findings provide new insight into T-cell function and maintenance of immunity under highly stressed conditions.
(S)-crizotinib reduces gastric cancer growth through oxidative DNA damage and triggers pro-survival akt signal
Authors: Ji Jiansong , Chen Weiqian , Lian Weishuai , Chen Ruijie , Yang Jinqing , Zhang Qianqian , Weng Qiaoyou , Khan Zia , Hu Jie , Chen Xi , Zou Peng , Chen Xiaoming , Liang Guang
Published: May 2018

Gastric cancer (GC), a common gastrointestinal malignancy worldwide, has poor prognosis and frequent recurrence. There is a great need to identify effective therapy for GC. Crizotinib is a multi-targeted, clinically available oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for lung cancer, but its use for the highly heterogeneous disease of GC is unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer mechanisms of the (S)-crizotinib in inhibiting GC growth. Human GC cell lines (SGC-7901 and BGC-823) and the (S)-crizotinib-resistant BGC-823/R were cultured for determining the effects of (S)-crizotinib on cell viability, apoptosis, oxidant generation, and cell cycle progression. Involvement of ROS, Akt signaling, MTH1, and DNA damage was tested with respective pharmacological blockade. The in vivo anti-tumor effects of (S)-crizotinib were determined using xenograft tumor mice. Results indicated that (S)-crizotinib decreased GC cell viability, induced growth arrest and apoptosis, and increased levels of γH2AX and Ser1981-phosphorylated ATM, which were inhibited by NAC. The anti-cancer mechanism of (S)-crizotinib was independent of MTH1. Moreover, ATM-activated Akt, a pro-survival signal, whose inhibition further enhanced (S)-crizotinib-induced inhibition of GC cell growth and tumor growth in xenograft mice, and re-sensitized resistant GC cells to (S)-crizotinib. (S)-crizotinib reduced GC cell and tumor growth through oxidative DNA damage mechanism and triggered pro-survival Akt signaling. We conclude that inclusion of Akt inhibition (to block the survival signaling) with (S)-crizotinib may provide an effective and novel combination therapy for GC in the clinical setting.
STX2 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis through a positive feedback loop that activates the NF-κB pathway
Authors: Wang Yongxia , Xu Honghai , Jiao Hongli , Wang Shuyang , Xiao Zhiyuan , Zhao Yali , Bi Jiaxin , Wei Wenting , Liu Shanshan , Qiu Junfeng , Li Tingting , Liang Li , Ye Yaping , Liao Wenting , Ding Yanqing
Published: May 2018

Metastatic progression is the main contributor to the poor prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Thus, identifying the determinants of CRC metastasis will be of great significance. Based on our previous bioinformatics analysis, Syntaxin2 (STX2) may be upregulated and correlated with the poor prognosis of CRC patients. In this study, we found that STX2 expression was associated with CRC invasion and metastasis and poor patient survival. Gain- and loss-of-function analyses demonstrated that STX2 functioned as a key oncogene by promoting CRC invasion and metastasis. Mechanistically, STX2 selectively interacted with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and activated the nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis revealed that NF-κB directly bound to the STX2 promoter and drove STX2 transcription. Therefore, STX2 activated the NF-κB pathway, and in turn, NF-κB increased STX2 expression, forming a positive signaling loop that eventually promoted CRC metastasis. Collectively, our results reveal STX2 as a crucial modulator of the aggressive CRC phenotype and highlight STX2 as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for combating CRC metastasis.
A novel oral camptothecin analog, gimatecan, exhibits superior antitumor efficacy than irinotecan toward esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zou Jianling , Li Shuang , Chen Zuhua , Lu Zhihao , Gao Jing , Zou Jianyin , Lin Xiaoting , Li Yanyan , Zhang Cheng , Shen Lin
Published: May 2018

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a frequently diagnosed and deadly malignancy with few standard therapeutic options. Camptothecins are considered one of the most promising antitumor drugs. A modified lipophilic analog, gimatecan, was synthesized as a novel oral camptothecin and showed impressive effects in various tumors, but its therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms in ESCC remain unclear. This study investigated the antitumor efficacy and mechanisms of gimatecan in ECSS both in vitro and in vivo. Using ESCC cell lines, cell line-derived xenografts and patient-derived xenografts models, we evaluated gimatecan’s inhibition of tumor growth, and compared its antitumor efficacy with that of irinotecan. Topoisomerase I function and expression were assessed using the DNA relaxation assay and Western blotting, respectively. DNA damage was evaluated by Western blotting. Cell cycle progression and cell apoptosis were assessed using flow cytometry and Western blotting. Gimatecan could significantly suppress tumor growth in vivo and inhibit tumor cell proliferation in vitro, which was superior to irinotecan. Gimatecan suppressed the function and expression of topoisomerase I. It also caused DNA damage and activated the phosphorylation of multiple checkpoint gatekeepers, such as ATM, ATR, BRCA1, H2AX, CHK1, CHK2, and p53. It induced S phase arrest, enhanced the expression of p21WAF1/CIP, and suppressed the expression of CDK2 and cyclin A. Induction of apoptosis was accompanied by increases in Bax, cleaved-caspase 3 activation, cleaved-caspase 9 induction, and a decrease in Bcl-2. The molecular and phenotypic changes induced by gimatecan were stronger than that of irinotecan. In ESCC, gimatecan suppressed the expression and function of topoisomerase I, induced DNA damage and intra-S phase cell cycle arrest, and resulted in apoptosis. And the results suggest that gimatecan has higher potency in inhibiting ESCC tumor growth than irinotecan, providing a rational novel therapeutic strategy for future clinical evaluation.
GABA promotes survival and axonal regeneration in identifiable descending neurons after spinal cord injury in larval lampreys
Authors: Romaus-Sanjurjo Daniel , Ledo-García Rocío , Fernández-López Blanca , Hanslik Kendra , Morgan Jennifer R. , Barreiro-Iglesias Antón , Rodicio María Celina
Published: May 2018

The poor regenerative capacity of descending neurons is one of the main causes of the lack of recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). Thus, it is of crucial importance to find ways to promote axonal regeneration. In addition, the prevention of retrograde degeneration leading to the atrophy/death of descending neurons is an obvious prerequisite to activate axonal regeneration. Lampreys show an amazing regenerative capacity after SCI. Recent histological work in lampreys suggested that GABA, which is massively released after a SCI, could promote the survival of descending neurons. Here, we aimed to study if GABA, acting through GABAB receptors, promotes the survival and axonal regeneration of descending neurons of larval sea lampreys after a complete SCI. First, we used in situ hybridization to confirm that identifiable descending neurons of late-stage larvae express the gabab1 subunit of the GABAB receptor. We also observed an acute increase in the expression of this subunit in descending neurons after SCI, which further supported the possible role of GABA and GABAB receptors in promoting the survival and regeneration of these neurons. So, we performed gain and loss of function experiments to confirm this hypothesis. Treatments with GABA and baclofen (GABAB agonist) significantly reduced caspase activation in descending neurons 2 weeks after a complete SCI. Long-term treatments with GABOB (a GABA analogue) and baclofen significantly promoted axonal regeneration of descending neurons after SCI. These data indicate that GABAergic signalling through GABAB receptors promotes the survival and regeneration of descending neurons after SCI. Finally, we used morpholinos against the gabab1 subunit to knockdown the expression of the GABAB receptor in descending neurons. Long-term morpholino treatments caused a significant inhibition of axonal regeneration. This shows that endogenous GABA promotes axonal regeneration after a complete SCI in lampreys by activating GABAB receptors.
Broken translational symmetry at edges of high-temperature superconductors
Authors: Holmvall P. , Vorontsov A. B. , Fogelström M. , Löfwander T.
Published: May 2018

Flat bands of zero-energy states at the edges of quantum materials have a topological origin. However, their presence is energetically unfavorable. If there is a mechanism to shift the band to finite energies, a phase transition can occur. Here we study high-temperature superconductors hosting flat bands of midgap Andreev surface states. In a second-order phase transition at roughly a fifth of the superconducting transition temperature, time-reversal symmetry and continuous translational symmetry along the edge are spontaneously broken. In an external magnetic field, only translational symmetry is broken. We identify the order parameter as the superfluid momentum ps, that forms a planar vector field with defects, including edge sources and sinks. The critical points of the vector field satisfy a generalized Poincaré-Hopf theorem, relating the sum of Poincaré indices to the Euler characteristic of the system.
Author Correction: Ultra-thin enzymatic liquid membrane for CO2 separation and capture
Authors: Fu Yaqin , Jiang Ying-Bing , Dunphy Darren , Xiong Haifeng , Coker Eric , Chou Stan , Zhang Hongxia , Vanegas Juan M. , Croissant Jonas G. , Cecchi Joseph L. , Rempe Susan B. , Brinker C. Jeffrey
Published: May 2018

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Stanley S. Chou, which was incorrectly given as Stan Chou. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Nanoporous silica gel structures and evolution from reactive force field-based molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Rimsza J. M. , Du Jincheng
Published: May 2018

Nanoporous silica-rich gel formed on silicate glass surfaces during dissolution in aqueous environment is critical in elucidating the corrosion mechanisms and the long-term residual dissolution behaviors. Silica gel models were created using two types of methods with reactive force field-based molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that the remnant silica gels created from the ISG bulk structure have a more isolated and closed pore morphology and slightly higher glass network connectivity. This contrasts with the gel structures created by hydrogarnet defect formation that exhibit more connected pore morphologies. The remnant gel structures show lower water diffusivity which was explained by the nano-confinement effect of water molecules due to frequent interactions of water molecules with adjacent silica walls and the more isolated pore morphology in the remnant gel structures. These results reveal the complexity in terms of micro and atomic structures of these silica gels, and both structure features have impact on water transport in the gel layer hence the passivating effect that controls the long-term dissolution behavior of these glasses.
Author Correction: Chemical Adsorption and Physical Confinement of Polysulfides with the Janus-faced Interlayer for High-performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Chiochan Poramane , Kaewruang Siriroong , Phattharasupakun Nutthaphon , Wutthiprom Juthaporn , Maihom Thana , Limtrakul Jumras , Nagarkar Sanjog S. , Horike Satoshi , Sawangphruk Montree
Published: May 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Lumbosacral spinal cord epidural stimulation improves voiding function after human spinal cord injury
Authors: Herrity A. N. , Williams C. S. , Angeli C. A. , Harkema S. J. , Hubscher C. H.
Published: May 2018

Deficits in urologic function after spinal cord injury (SCI) manifest both as a failure to store and empty, greatly impacting daily life. While current management strategies are necessary for urological maintenance, they oftentimes are associated with life-long side effects. Our objective was to investigate the efficacy of spinal cord epidural stimulation (scES) as a promising therapy to improve bladder control after SCI. A bladder mapping study was undertaken for sixteen sessions over the course of four months in an individual with chronic, motor complete SCI. Varying combinations of stimulating cathode electrodes were initially tested during filling cystometry resulting in the identification of an effective configuration for reflexive bladder emptying at the caudal end of the electrode array. Subsequent systematic testing of different frequencies at a fixed stimulus intensity and pulse width yielded lowest post-void residual volumes at 30 Hz. These stimulation parameters were then tested in four additional research participants and found to also improve reflexive voiding efficiency. Taken together with SCI studies on step, stand, voluntary motor control and cardiovascular regulation, these findings further corroborate that scES has an all-encompassing potential to increase the central state of excitability, allowing for the control of multiple body functions, including the urological system.
Hexagonal MoTe2 with Amorphous BN Passivation Layer for Improved Oxidation Resistance and Endurance of 2D Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Sirota Benjamin , Glavin Nicholas , Krylyuk Sergiy , Davydov Albert V. , Voevodin Andrey A.
Published: May 2018

Environmental and thermal stability of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) remains a fundamental challenge towards enabling robust electronic devices. Few-layer 2H-MoTe2 with an amorphous boron nitride (a-BN) covering layer was synthesized as a channel for back-gated field effect transistors (FET) and compared to uncovered MoTe2. A systematic approach was taken to understand the effects of heat treatment in air on the performance of FET devices. Atmospheric oxygen was shown to negatively affect uncoated MoTe2 devices while BN-covered FETs showed considerably enhanced chemical and electronic characteristic stability. Uncapped MoTe2 FET devices, which were heated in air for one minute, showed a polarity switch from n- to p-type at 150 °C, while BN-MoTe2 devices switched only after 200 °C of heat treatment. Time-dependent experiments at 100 °C showed that uncapped MoTe2 samples exhibited the polarity switch after 15 min of heat treatment while the BN-capped device maintained its n-type conductivity for the maximum 60 min duration of the experiment. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggests that oxygen incorporation into MoTe2 was the primary doping mechanism for the polarity switch. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of an a-BN capping layer in preserving few-layer MoTe2 material quality and controlling its conductivity type at elevated temperatures in an atmospheric environment.
Author Correction: Expression of both poly r(C) binding protein 1 (PCBP1) and miRNA-3978 is suppressed in peritoneal gastric cancer metastasis
Authors: Ji Fu-jian , Wu Yuan-yu , An Zhe , Liu Xue-song , Jiang Jun-nan , Chen Fang-fang , Fang Xue-dong
Published: May 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Expression and localization of CB1R, NAPE-PLD, and FAAH in the vervet monkey nucleus accumbens
Authors: Kucera Ryan , Bouskila Joseph , Elkrief Laurent , Fink-Jensen Anders , Palmour Roberta , Bouchard Jean-François , Ptito Maurice
Published: May 2018

Extensive rodent literature suggests that the endocannabinoid (eCB) system present in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) modulates dopamine (DA) release in this area. However, expression patterns of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R), the synthesizing enzyme N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD), and the degradation enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in the NAc have not yet been described in non-human primates. The goal of this study is therefore to characterize the expression and localization of the eCB system within the NAc of vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus) using Western blots and immunohistochemistry. Results show that CB1R, NAPE-PLD, and FAAH are expressed across the NAc rostrocaudal axis, both in the core and shell. CB1R, NAPE-PLD, and FAAH are localized in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons (FSIs). Dopaminergic projections and astrocytes did not express CB1R, NAPE-PLD, or FAAH. These data show that the eCB system is present in the vervet monkey NAc and supports its role in the primate brain reward circuit.
The dynamic interplay between acute psychosocial stress, emotion and autobiographical memory
Authors: Sheldon Signy , Chu Sonja , Nitschke Jonas P. , Pruessner Jens C. , Bartz Jennifer A.
Published: May 2018

Although acute psychosocial stress can impact autobiographical memory retrieval, the nature of this effect is not entirely clear. One reason for this ambiguity is because stress can have opposing effects on the different stages of autobiographical memory retrieval. We addressed this issue by testing how acute stress affects three stages of the autobiographical memory retrieval – accessing, recollecting and reconsolidating a memory. We also investigate the influence of emotion valence on this effect. In a between-subjects design, participants were first exposed to an acute psychosocial stressor or a control task. Next, the participants were shown positive, negative or neutral retrieval cues and asked to access and describe autobiographical memories. After a three to four day delay, participants returned for a second session in which they described these autobiographical memories. During initial retrieval, stressed participants were slower to access memories than were control participants; moreover, cortisol levels were positively associated with response times to access positively-cued memories. There were no effects of stress on the amount of details used to describe memories during initial retrieval, but stress did influence memory detail during session two. During session two, stressed participants recovered significantly more details, particularly emotional ones, from the remembered events than control participants. Our results indicate that the presence of stress impairs the ability to access consolidated autobiographical memories; moreover, although stress has no effect on memory recollection, stress alters how recollected experiences are reconsolidated back into memory traces.
Population resequencing reveals candidate genes associated with salinity adaptation of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas
Authors: She Zhicai , Li Li , Meng Jie , Jia Zhen , Que Huayong , Zhang Guofan
Published: May 2018

The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is an important cultivated shellfish. As a euryhaline species, it has evolved adaptive mechanisms responding to the complex and changeable intertidal environment that it inhabits. To investigate the genetic basis of this salinity adaptation mechanism, we conducted a genome-wide association study using phenotypically differentiated populations (hyposalinity and hypersalinity adaptation populations, and control population), and confirmed our results using an independent population, high-resolution melting, and mRNA expression analysis. For the hyposalinity adaptation, we determined 24 genes, including Cg_CLCN7 (chloride channel protein 7) and Cg_AP1 (apoptosis 1 inhibitor), involved in the ion/water channel and transporter mechanisms, free amino acid and reactive oxygen species metabolism, immune responses, and chemical defence. Three SNPs located on these two genes were significantly differentiated between groups, as was Cg_CLCN7. For the hypersalinity adaptation, the biological process for positive regulating the developmental process was enriched. Enriched gene functions were focused on transcriptional regulation, signal transduction, and cell growth and differentiation, including calmodulin (Cg_CaM) and ficolin-2 (Cg_FCN2). These genes and polymorphisms possibly play an important role in oyster hyposalinity and hypersalinity adaptation. They not only further our understanding of salinity adaptation mechanisms but also provide markers for highly adaptable oyster strains suitable for breeding.
Effect of HIV-1 Tat on the formation of the mitotic spindle by interaction with ribosomal protein S3
Authors: Kim Jiyoung , Kim Yeon-Soo
Published: May 2018

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat, an important regulator of viral transcription, interacts with diverse cellular proteins and promotes or inhibits cell proliferation. Here, we show that ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3) plays an important role in mitosis through an interaction with α-tubulin and that Tat binds to and inhibits the localization of RPS3 in the mitotic spindle during mitosis. RPS3 colocalized with α-tubulin around chromosomes in the mitotic spindle. Depletion of RPS3 promoted α-tubulin assembly, while overexpression of RPS3 impaired α-tubulin assembly. Depletion of RPS3 resulted in aberrant mitotic spindle formation, segregation failure, and defective abscission. Moreover, ectopic expression of RPS3 rescued the cell proliferation defect in RPS3-knockdown cells. HIV-1 Tat interacted with RPS3 through its basic domain and increased the level of RPS3 in the nucleus. Expression of Tat caused defects in mitotic spindle formation and chromosome assembly in mitosis. Moreover, the localization of RPS3 in the mitotic spindle was disrupted when HIV-1 Tat was expressed in HeLa and Jurkat cells. These results suggest that Tat inhibits cell proliferation via an interaction with RPS3 and thereby disrupts mitotic spindle formation during HIV-1 infection. These results might provide insight into the mechanism underlying lymphocyte pathogenesis during HIV-1 infection.
The cisplatin-based Pt(iv)-diclorofibrato multi-action anticancer prodrug exhibits excellent performances also under hypoxic conditions
Authors: Gabano Elisabetta , Ravera Mauro , Trivero Francesca , Tinello Stefano , Gallina Andrea , Zanellato Ilaria , Gariboldi Marzia B. , Monti Elena , Osella Domenico
Published: May 2018

The cisplatin/clofibrato combos are multi-action Pt(iv) complexes active on a panel of human tumor cell lines, also under hypoxic conditions.
Effect of surfactant concentration in electrolyte on the fabrication and properties of nickel-graphene nanocomposite coating synthesized by electrochemical co-deposition
Authors: Yasin Ghulam , Arif Muhammad , Nizam Muhammad Naeem , Shakeel Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Abubaker , Khan Waheed Qamar , Hassan Tahira Mehtab , Abbas Zaheer , Farahbakhsh Iman , Zuo Yu
Published: May 2018

Long-time environmental protection of metallic materials is still required in the manufacturing and engineering applications.
Molecularly imprinted electrospun nanofibers for adsorption of 2,4-dinitrotoluene in water
Authors: Xue Xiaoting , Lu Rui , Li Yi , Wang Qing , Li Jiansheng , Wang Lianjun
Published: May 2018

2,4-Dinitrotoluene molecularly imprinted nanofibers fabricated by a simple electrospinning technique show higher adsorption capacity and possess remarkable stability and reusability.
Scattering and absorption differ drastically in their inner filter effects on fluorescence, resonance synchronous, and polarized resonance synchronous spectroscopic measurements
Authors: Xu Joanna Xiuzhu , Vithanage Buddhini C. N. , Athukorale Sumudu A. , Zhang Dongmao
Published: May 2018

Reported herein is the finding that photon scattering and absorption differ drastically in inducing the sample IFE in SSF, RS2, and the PRS2 spectra measurements.
Trace detection of explosives with a unique large volume injection gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (LVI-GC-MS) method
Authors: Marder Dana , Tzanani Nitzan , Prihed Hagit , Gura Sigalit
Published: May 2018

Highly sensitive splitless programmed temperature vaporizing (PTV)-large volume injection (LVI)-GC-MS-negative chemical ionization (NCI) method was developed and validated for the trace detection of explosives and related compounds from environmental matrices.
Transition-metal-free C–H amidation and chlorination: synthesis of N/N′-mono-substituted imidazopyridin-2-ones from N-pyridyl-N-hydroxylamine intermediates
Authors: Lee Katarzyna N. , Spiegowski Dominique N. , Lee Johnny W. , Lim Sanghyun , Zhao Fuhua , Ngai Ming-Yu
Published: May 2018

Transition-metal-free C–H amidation and chlorination for the synthesis of N/N′-mono-substituted imidazopyridin-2-ones from versatile N-pyridyl-N-hydroxylamine intermediates at room temperature.
Recyclable switching between nonporous and porous phases of a square lattice (sql) topology coordination network
Authors: Wang Shi-Qiang , Yang Qing-Yuan , Mukherjee Soumya , O’Nolan Daniel , Patyk-Kaźmierczak Ewa , Chen Kai-Jie , Shivanna Mohana , Murray Claire , Tang Chiu C. , Zaworotko Michael J.
Published: May 2018

A 2D switching material holds great potential for exceptional working capacity of gas storage.
HPAM–HABS induced synthesis of a labyrinth-like surface of calcite via rhombohedral lattice growth from the nanoscale
Authors: Ma Zaiqiang , Mu Yuqiang , Shi Weiguang , Wang Jun , Liu Xiaoyang , Wang Xiaofeng , Dong Zhaohui
Published: May 2018

A labyrinth-like structure is generated during the phase transformations from nano- to micron-sized via a terrace-ledge-kink growth model of a rhombohedral crystal.
Crystal growth and properties of the disordered crystal Yb:SrLaAlO4: a promising candidate for high-power ultrashort pulse lasers
Authors: Pan Zhongben , Dai Xiaojun , Lei Yuanhua , Cai Huaqiang , Serres Josep Maria , Aguiló Magdalena , Díaz Francesc , Ma Jie , Tang Dingyuan , Vilejshikova Elena , Griebner Uwe , Petrov Valentin , Loiko Pavel , Mateos Xavier
Published: May 2018

A high quality Yb3+-doped strontium lanthanum aluminate crystal, Yb:SrLaAlO4 is grown by the Czochralski method.
Roles of different amino-acid residues towards binding and selective transport of K+ through KcsA K+-ion channel
Authors: De Susmita , C. H. Rinsha , Thamleena A. Hanna , Joseph Annu , Ben Anju , V. U. Krishnapriya
Published: May 2018

Each amino acid in the selectivity filter plays a distinct role towards binding and transport of K+ ion through KcsA.
Selective suppression of CARS signal with three-beam competing stimulated Raman scattering processes
Authors: Choi Dae Sik , Rao B. Jayachander , Kim Doyeon , Shim Sang-Hee , Rhee Hanju , Cho Minhaeng
Published: May 2018

A switching-off of the CARS signal is achieved by using a three-beam double SRS scheme.
Electronic structure and photoabsorption of Ti3+ ions in reduced anatase and rutile TiO2
Authors: Wen Bo , Hao Qunqing , Yin Wen-Jin , Zhang Le , Wang Zhiqiang , Wang Tianjun , Zhou Chuanyao , Selloni Annabella , Yang Xueming , Liu Li-Min
Published: May 2018

We have used two-photon photoemission (2PPE) spectroscopy and first-principles density functional theory calculations to investigate the electronic structure and photoabsorption of the reduced anatase TiO2(101) and rutile TiO2(110) surfaces.
From sea squirts to squirrelfish: facultative trace element hyperaccumulation in animals
Authors: Thompson E. David , Hogstrand Christer , Glover Chris N.
Published: May 2018

Facultative trace element hyperaccumulation in animals is reviewed, examining mechanisms of uptake and accumulation, and biological roles.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles supported on cellulose and their catalytic application in the scavenging of organic dyes
Authors: Goswami Monmi , Baruah Debjani , Das Archana Moni
Published: May 2018

Green synthesis of cellulose supported silver nanoparticles using a seed extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa.
Solvent-free two-component electrospinning of ultrafine polymer fibers
Authors: Zhao Ying-Tao , Yan Xu , He Hong-Wei , Liu Meng-Nan , Wang Xiao-Xiong , Nie Guang-Di , Zhang Jun , Fu Jie , Long Yun-Ze
Published: May 2018

A new type of solvent-free electrospinning technique was developed to fabricate micro-fibers.
Solvent dependent dispersion behaviour of macrocycle stabilized cobalt nanoparticles and their applications
Authors: Imadadulla Mohammed , Nemakal Manjunath , Koodlur Sannegowda Lokesh
Published: May 2018

Cobalt nanoparticles have been prepared by using amine phthalocyanine as a stabilizing agent in one step.
Core–shell rare-earth-doped nanostructures in biomedicine
Authors: Labrador-Páez Lucía , Ximendes Erving C. , Rodríguez-Sevilla Paloma , Ortgies Dirk H. , Rocha Ueslen , Jacinto Carlos , Martín Rodríguez Emma , Haro-González Patricia , Jaque Daniel
Published: May 2018

The current status of the use of core–shell rare-earth-doped nanoparticles in biomedical applications is reviewed highlighting the most relevant advances.
An ultrasensitive strain sensor with a wide strain range based on graphene armour scales
Authors: Yang Yi-Fan , Tao Lu-Qi , Pang Yu , Tian He , Ju Zhen-Yi , Wu Xiao-Ming , Yang Yi , Ren Tian-Ling
Published: May 2018

An ultrasensitive strain sensor with a wide strain range based on graphene armour scales is demonstrated in this paper.
The influence of polyethylene glycol passivation on the surface plasmon resonance induced photothermal properties of gold nanorods
Authors: Marasini Ramesh , Pitchaimani Arunkumar , Nguyen Tuyen Duong Thanh , Comer Jeffrey , Aryal Santosh
Published: May 2018

This comprehensive study suggested an optimum PEG polymer length of 5 kDa is advantageous for surface passivation and colloidal stability of AuNRs, which also maximizes the heat conduction from the nanorod–liquid interface to the surroundings, thereby, enhancing photothermal efficiency.
A translation of the structure of mussel byssal threads into synthetic materials by the utilization of histidine-rich block copolymers
Authors: Enke Marcel , Bose Ranjita K. , Zechel Stefan , Vitz Jürgen , Deubler Robert , Garcia Santiago J. , van der Zwaag Sybrand , Schacher Felix H. , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: May 2018

The self-healing capacities of mussel-inspired metallopolymers based on block copolymers containing histidine are briefly presented.
Template synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages–encapsulated carbon nanobubbles as catalyst for activation of peroxymonosulfate
Authors: Wang Na , Ma Wenjie , Ren Ziqiu , Zhang Leijiang , Qiang Rong , Lin Kun-Yi Andrew , Xu Ping , Du Yunchen , Han Xijiang
Published: May 2018

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages–encapsulated carbon nanobubbles were employed as high-performance peroxymonosulfate activators for the degradation of organic pollutants.
The one-step preparation of green-emission carbon dots based on the deactivator-reducing reagent synergistic effect and the study on their luminescence mechanism
Authors: Wei Chunjin , Li Jun , Xiao Xincai , Yue Tong , Zhao Dan
Published: May 2018

This paper reports the synthesis of high-quality green-emission carbon dots based on the synergistic effect between the deactivator (polyethyleneimine) and the reducing reagent (citric acid).
Ecofriendly synthesis and characterization of carboxylated GAP copolymers
Authors: Kim Hancheul , Jang Yoorim , Noh Sitae , Jeong Jongoh , Kim Donghyun , Kang Byeongkwan , Kang Taewun , Choi Hyungtaek , Rhee Hakjune
Published: May 2018

Carboxylated GAP copolymers (polyGA-carboxylate) compounds (1–7), were synthesized by the simultaneous substitution reaction with PECH, sodium azide, and sodium carboxylate in DMSO.
Site-selective C–C modification of proteins at neutral pH using organocatalyst-mediated cross aldol ligations
Authors: Spears Richard J. , Brabham Robin L. , Budhadev Darshita , Keenan Tessa , McKenna Sophie , Walton Julia , Brannigan James. A. , Brzozowski A. Marek , Wilkinson Anthony J. , Plevin Michael , Fascione Martin A.
Published: May 2018

An organocatalyst-mediated protein aldol ligation (OPAL) affords C–C linked bioconjugates at neutral pH.
Modulating the oxygen reduction activity of heteroatom-doped carbon catalysts via the triple effect: charge, spin density and ligand effect
Authors: Yang Na , Li Li , Li Jing , Ding Wei , Wei Zidong
Published: May 2018

For metal-doped-G and dual-heteroatom-doped-G, the triple effect can activate double carbon sites, and lead to the ORR following the dissociative mechanism, which breaks through the activity limitation of the association mechanism, and further enhances the catalytic activity for the ORR.
A multifunctional SERS sticky note for real-time quorum sensing tracing and inactivation of bacterial biofilms
Authors: Guo Jingxing , Liu Ying , Chen Yunlong , Li Jianqi , Ju Huangxian
Published: May 2018

A multifunctional SERS sticky note is designed for real-time tracing of quorum sensing and inhibiting bacterial growth of live biofilms.
Efficient formation of oil-in-oil Pickering emulsions with narrow size distributions by using electric fields
Authors: Rozynek Z. , Bielas R. , Józefczak A.
Published: May 2018

We propose a new bulk approach to fabricating Pickering emulsions. We used electric fields not only to facilitate coalescence but also to manipulate surface particles and to induce droplet rotation, each contributed to formation of stable particle-covered droplets.
Selective and ppb level removal of Hg(ii) from water: synergistic role of graphene oxide and SnS2
Authors: Rathore Ekashmi , Biswas Kanishka
Published: May 2018

GO@SnS2 captures selectively 99.9% of Hg(ii) from ppb level Hg(ii) contaminated water.
Dual superlyophobic surfaces with superhydrophobicity and underwater superoleophobicity
Authors: Tie Lu , Li Jing , Liu Mingming , Guo Zhiguang , Liang Yongmin , Liu Weimin
Published: May 2018

Superhydrophobic and underwater superoleophobic surfaces have been developed by entire modification with water-repellent and water-loving components. Here a strategy of fractional modification is presented to integrate the opposite superwettability on the same surface.
Revealing the chemistry of an anode-passivating electrolyte salt for high rate and stable sodium metal batteries
Authors: Gao Lina , Chen Juner , Liu Yaqin , Yamauchi Yusuke , Huang Zhenguo , Kong Xueqian
Published: May 2018

A compact and conductive solid-electrolyte interphase formed by NaDFOB enables high performance of sodium metal batteries.