bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Substantiation of components of ecological groundwater recharge system for metallurgical regions of southern Ukraine
Authors: Nazarenko O , Berezovska A , Buyakova Ye , Ischenko O , Sherstiuk Y
Published: February 2025

Purpose. To substantiate the components of the ecological system of river basins based on the analysis of the characteristics of groundwater pollution within the metallurgical regions of southern Ukraine.

Methods. Analysis of literary sources, statistical processing of data from hydrological and hydrogeological studies, development of experimental field and laboratory studies of cumulative soil infiltration and adsorption capacity of materials.

Findings. General ideas concerning the components of the ecological system of groundwater recharge in conditions of the metallurgical regions of southern Ukraine have been formed. Data on the use of research methods of natural materials for productive infiltration of surface water and wastewater and the possibility of forming water reserves for the river basin recharge have been obtained. A methodology for studying and considering the interrelations between various toxicants of the water system has been proposed, which allows for more effective solutions to the issues of pollution localization and basin recharge.

The originality. Themethodology of studying and optimizing processes that affect the groundwater condition in regions with a high concentration of metallurgical enterprises has been improved, which comprehensively includes the identification of specific pollutants, the development of new methods of water purification, the modeling and forecasting of wastewater infiltration. A new integrated system for recharging the water basin of the region is proposed, which considers the possibility of using wastewater after its local treatment as a reserve for surface water recharging.

Practical implementation. The results of the study will be important in the formation of soil absorption maps of the southern regions of Ukraine, considering the characteristics of metallurgical regions where water is intensively involved into industrial processes, for determining the potential capacity of groundwater reserves formation, as well as for further research into water infiltration under the influence of climate change and man-made factors.
A weighted average empirical model for determining the capacity of vertical steel tanks during their calibration using the electronic-optical remote measurement method
Authors: Akolzin I , Samoilenko O , Koroviaka Ye , Adamenko O
Published: February 2025

Purpose. Improving the accuracy of oil and petroleum product accounting by implementing a new measurement scheme using an electron-optical remote sensing method using a laser 3D scanner.

Research methodology. To achieve the set goal, the following research methods were used: empirical modeling – to determine the calibration characteristics of vertical cylindrical tanks (hereinafter referred to as the tank) taking into account the actual wall deformations under the influence of the weight of the poured liquid; electron-optical remote measurement method – to calculate the weighted average calibration table by weighted averaging of the calibration tables of the empty and full tank.

Research results. Significant discrepancies were found between the actual deformations of the walls of vertical steel tanks under the weight of the filled liquid and the theoretical models for accounting these deformations, as specified in the regulatory documentation used for their calibration. A weighted empirical model was proposed, which addresses this issue by averaging the calibration tables of the full and empty tank.

Originality. For the first time, a highly accurate determination of the actual deformations of the walls of vertical cylindrical tanks under the weight of the filled liquid was performed using a laser 3D scanner. This allowed the creation of a weighted empirical model, which was used to calculate a weighted calibration table, significantly improving the accuracy of oil and petroleum product accounting.

Practical implications. The obtained weighted calibration table, which takes into account the actual deformations of the tank walls under the weight of the filled liquid, will significantly improve accounting accuracy. This will also allow achieving the required accuracy of oil and petroleum product accounting in tanks whose deformations do not correspond to the theoretical model used in the regulatory documentation for their calibration.
Factors influencing successful breastfeeding practices among post-cesarean section mothers in a selected hospital in Indonesia
Authors: Khayati Nikmatul , Machmudah  , Ernawati  , Ratnasari Putri Lusi , Pranata Satriya
Published: February 2025

Not available
Bacterial profile and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of pus in Dhaka National Medical Institute Hospital
Authors: Jahan Sharmin , Sarker Anima Rani , Ahmed Belal , Jahan Shamima
Published: February 2025

Objectives: To assess the causative bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of different bacteria isolated from pus.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December, 2014 to assess the bacterial profile isolated from pus from the patients of Microbiology department of Dhaka National Medical Institute Hospital. Data were collected by interviewer administered questionnaire. The pus was collected by sterile cotton swab. Bacteria were cultured and sensitivity pattern was examined.
 Results: A total of 149 patients were included in this study with the average age of 32.5 years. More than half of them (64.4%) were female. Half of the respondents (49.7%) were admitted in hospital. Higher portion of the respondents had history of operative treatment under surgery (44%), gynecology (36%) and other departments. Higher portion (30%) of the specimens was collected from abdomen. Among 149 isolates, organisms were revealed from 112 (75%) specimens. S. aureus was the most frequently isolated bacteria constituting 55 (49%) isolates, followed by E. coli 23 (20.5%) isolates. Gram positive bacteria were highly sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid and fusidic acid. They were resistant to amoxicillin and ceftazidine. Gram negative bacteria were highly sensitive to amikacin, imipenem&tazopiperacillin. They showed resistance to amoxicillin, cephradine, cefuroxime and cotrimoxazole.
Conclusion: Pus was caused predominantly by Gram positive organism specially S. aureus. The bacteria were showing resistant to popular antibiotic. Appropriate antibiotic coverage is needed to avoid development of the resistant organisms
J.Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2015; 21 (02): 19-23
Estimation of stature from hand length and breadth- An anthropometric study on 100 Bangladeshi adult Muslim males of lower socioeconomic status group
Authors: Firoz Ahmed
Published: February 2025

Body physique is influenced to a greater extent by climatic, hereditary, nutritional and racial factors. The stature prediction occupies relatively a central position in the anthropometric research and estimation of stature of an individual from mutilated or amputated limbs has obvious significance in the personal identification in the events of murders, accidents or natural disasters. The present study was undertaken to measure the stature as well as some length and breadth of hand and to determine whether there is any correlation between stature and the hand variables and to estimate the stature using respective multiplication factor from these variables and to assess the effectiveness of the above estimations by comparing the 'estimated' values with the 'measured' values.
It is descriptive type of study. The study was carried out with a total number of 100 Bangladeshi adult Muslim males of age between 25 to 30years of lower socio-economic status group. The analyses were conducted in the Department of Anatomy of BSMMU, Dhaka during the study period of January 2006 to December 2006.
Hand length and breadth along with their stature were measured directly from The subjects by using Anthropometric sliding caliper, steel plate and measuring tape. The data were then statistically analyzed by computation to find out its normative value. Multiplication factors were estimated for estimating stature and comparisons were made between measured and estimated stature using paired "t" test.
The mean measured values of the length and breadth of right and left and hands as well as the stature were 18.04(±0.71)cm, 17.99 (+±9.08)cm, 8.06 (±0.26)cm, 7.98 (±0.27)cm, and 163.70 (±5.98)cm, respectively were found. The multiplication factors were estimated for the same hand measurements with the stature. Significant positive correlations were found between stature and hand variables and the differences between the measured value and estimated values were not statistically significant.
J.Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2015; 21 (02): 24-29
A comparative Study of Birth Asphyxia and Prematurity
Authors: Uddin Md Sultan , Ullah Md  Asad
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Thousands of physically and mentally handicapped children are posing increasing burden to the society every year as a sequilae of prematurity and birth asphyxia. The problem is multifactorial and we carried out a study for better understanding and management of these babies. Methodology. This prospective comparative study was carried out in the obstetric and neonatal ward of Dhaka National Medical College Hospital during July to September, 2015. 20 preterm neonates without birth asphyxia and 20 full-term birth asphyxiated babies and 20 full-term normal neonates (control group) were include in our study result. Majority of the mothers of both preterm and birth asphyxia babies were primipara 70% & 75% respectively but there was no significant difference between the two groups.
Also frequency of maternal illness was more among both preterm and birth asphyxia in comparison to the control group. Prematurity and birth asphyxia was also more frequently associated with multiple pregnancy (10% )& ( 15% ) respectively in comparison to control group 5%.
Rupture of membrane was also more in preterm delivery (20%) and birth asphyxia (25%) in comparison to control group (15%). Incidence of caesarean section was also more in both preterm (30%) and birth asphyxia (25%) in comparison to control (20%)
J.Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2015; 21 (02): 35-37
Subarachnoid block versus general anaesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy-A comparative study
Authors: Islam Md  Manowarul , Hossain Md Iqbal , Tarek Md  Refat Uddin , Razon Syed Mazhar Hossain , Ahmed Iqbal
Published: February 2025

Background: Subarachnoid block in selected cases is a safer alternative to general anaesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy because of advantages of neuraxial block over general anaesthesia.
Objective: The aim of study is to compare the outcome of patients between subarachnoid block and general anaesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Methods: Sixty patients aged 20-50 years of ASA grade I & II for laparoscopic cholecystectomy under spinal and general anaesthesia were randomly selected equally into two groups:
SA group: Spinal Aneasthesia group (n=30)
GA Group: General anaesthesia group (n=30)
Using CO2 pneumoperitoneum intra-abdominal pressure in SA group was kept at 10mmHg (Low) while in GA group was at 15mmHg (High). All patients in SA group were sedated after adequate block (T5).
Parametric data like pulse and blood pressure were analyzed by ANOVA test & nonparametric data like abdominal discomfort, right shoulder pain, nausea, vomiting were analyzed by chi-square test.
 Results: The study revealed that one patient in SA group required conversion to GA. Per operatively in SA group hypotension was recorded in 10% of patients while in GA group it was 6.6%. On the other hand In SA group 10% of patients had vomiting, 10% experienced right shoulder pain. Postoperatively in GA group 20% of patients had vomiting, 10% of patients had right shoulder pain and 90% patients required injectable analgesics in the immediate postoperative period. On the other hand in SA group no patient had right shoulder pain, 3.3% of patients had vomiting, 6.6% of patients had post dural puncture headache. Average time of stay in hospital in both groups was 1.9 days.
 Conclusion: It can be concluded that laparoscopic cholecystectomy under SA with low pressure CO2 pneumoperitoneum is a safer alternative to GA because there is no intubation related airway morbidity & mortality,optimum muscle relaxation,decreased surgical bed oozing, economical, pain free early postoperative period, more rapid return of gut function and decreased postoperative nausea & vomiting.
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2015; 21 (02): 38-41
Top ten causes of death of patients admitted in a Medical College Hospital in Dhaka, Year 2014
Authors: Ullah Md Kalim , Chowdhury Md Ashif Mashud , Gani Md  Osman , Sakib Md Annaz Mus , Bashar M A , Haque A K M Aminul
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to determine mortality rates and identify associated causes and to notified top ten causes at a tertiary hospital situated in the Dhaka, Bangladesh. Death certificates from Dhaka National Medical Collage Hospital were retrieved and reviewed for the period 1st January to 31st December 2014 in this cross sectional study. Data were collected using a data collection form designed for the study. The average death rate was 6.8 deaths per 1000 patients based on the number of patients admitted during the study period. The age of the deceased ranged from 15-85 years, with a mean of 49.1 ± 18.6 years. Total number of death 74, where 30 (40.5%) are male, and 44 (59.5%) are female. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Hepatic Encephalopathy, Acute Gastro Enteritis (AGE), Cancer (Bronchogenic carcinoma) and infection were the top 10 most common causes of death and were responsible for 61.2% of all recorded deaths. Cardiovascular diseases was the main cause of death. Overall the triple burden infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and cancer remain the leading causes of death in patients at the study site. Interventions to control the spread of infectious diseases, cancer screening services and culturally appropriate lifestyle programs are urgently needed to address NCDs.
J.Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2015; 21 (02): 55-57
Serum Magnesium Profile in different grades of malnutrition
Authors: Uddin Md Sultan , Sarker M A Kashem , Karim Rashidul
Published: February 2025

Background: Magnesium is the second most common intracellular cation in the body and plays an essential role in numerous biochemical reactions in vivo. Although magnesium supplementation is a time- honured pillar of management of PEM, the data on serum magnesium profile in PEM are conflicting and meagre. This study aims at evaluation of magnesium status in different grades of PEM.
Objective: For better management of PEM patients, to evaluate the role of magnesium in pathophysiology of PEM.
Methodology: A prospective comparative study was conducted in Dhaka. Shishu Hospital nutritional rehabilitation unit. Serum magnesium level was estimated of a total no. of 183 children, suffering from PEM.
Result: Serum magnesium level of well-nourished, mildly malnourished and moderately malnourished children were 1.99 meq/L, 2.14 meq/L and 2.14 meq/L respectively. Serum magnesium level of marasmus, kwashiorkor and marasmic kwashiorkor were 2.03 meq/L, 1.95 meq/L and 1.84 meq/L respectively.
Conclusion: Children suffering from oedematous malnutrition had lower serum magnesium status compared to non-oedematous malnutrition whereas magnesium status of non-oedematous malnutrition were comparable to the control group
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2016; 22 (01): 42-44
Rare Presentation of HAV infection in 7 year old child
Authors: Hossain Md Sakhawat , Shamsunnahar  , Salma Umma , Malek Roksana , Arif A A
Published: February 2025

Hepatitis A (HAV) infection is one of the most common forms of hepatitis in the pediatric age group in developing countries. It is usually self limiting and rarely accompanied by extrahepatic complication. In this article, we report one child with hepatitis A who had associated pleural effusion, ascites and acalculus cholecystitis. The child improved with resolution of hepatitis after symptomatic treatment. Although uncommon extra hepatic manifestations can occur with hepatitis. However this child resolve completely. Paediatricians in developing countries should be aware of this rare association to avoid unnecessary investigations
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2016; 22 (01): 50-52
Abdominal Migraine in a Eight year old Girl
Authors: Uddin Sultan , Shahriar Qazi , Motin Abdul
Published: February 2025

Abdominal migraine is a migraine variant, causing chronic idiopathic recurrent abdominal pain in 4-15% of children. It is usually seen between the ages of seven to twelve years and is more common in girls, with prevalence at the age of ten years. International Classification of Headache Disorders- (ICHD-2) defines Abdominal Migraine (AM) as idiopathic disorder characterized by attacks of midline, moderate to severe abdominal pain lasting 1-72 hours with vasomotor symptoms, nausea and vomiting, and included Abdominal migraine among the periodic syndromes of childhood that are precursors for migraine. A 8 years old girl was admitted in Dhaka National Medical College Hospital (DNMCH) with the complains of episodes of severe abdominal pain since five years of her age. The pain was associated with nausea and vomiting which lasted for two to three days. It was dull aching, predominantly around the umbilicus, usually in the evening, intermittent, getting relieved by taking painkillers and antacids or H2 blockers. For this reason she was admitted in different hospitals several times and usually interferes her normal daily activities but with periods of wellness between episodes. Her mother had history of headache since her childhood. On examination, she was pale and mildly dehydrated investigations were done such as CBC with film, Urine R/E, Serum electrolytes, LFT, RFT, Stool R/E, USG of Whole abdomen to exclude any pathology but nothing significant was found. She was treated with H2 blocker, antispasmodic, antiemetic and IV fluids and symptom subsided. Little evidence exists the use of drugs to manage AM. For acute treatment of attacks, there is no data regarding ibuprofen or acetaminophen, the 2 agent for which controlled data exist for migraine with- out aura in young children. There are likewise no data regarding the use of tryptans for AM. Preven- tive medications that have demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials include pizotifen, propranolol, and cyproheptadine for prevention of recurrent attacks
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2017; 23 (01): 51-53
Axillary Cystic Hygroma in a Three Month old infant
Authors: Karim Rashidul , Rahman Md  Saifur
Published: February 2025

Abstract Not Available
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2017; 23 (01): 54-56
Prototype Sistem Kontrol Pengaturan Suhu Pemberian Pakan Serta Pembersihan Kotoran Ayam Berbasis Arduino
Authors: Pebriansyah Defta , Dwi Saputra Rinaldi , Surojo Surojo , Priestiani Priestiani
Published: February 2025

Livestock farming is one of five agricultural subsectors. Animal husbandry is the activity of keeping livestock for cultivation and gaining profits from this activity. Broiler chickens are a type of commodity in the livestock sector that produces food from livestock and has quite potential economic value. The aim of this research is to help breeders' activities in controlling and monitoring livestock continuity. Apart from that, this research is also to produce ideal temperatures in the chick cage so that heat stress conditions do not occur in the chicks. Based on the sensor and thermometer test results for temperature measurements in the table, it can be concluded that the average percentage of measurement results is normal. The data that has been taken shows that the LM35 and DHT11 sensors have good temperature detection capabilities. Therefore, this sensor can be used well to detect the temperature needed in this final project.
Merancang Sistem Informasi Kantin Mbak Bet Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau Untuk Meningkatkan Promosi
Authors: Raifan Farel , Daud Daudi , Sundari Fitriani , Kartika Fakhri Nazif
Published: February 2025

The Muhammadiyah Riau University Canteen "Mbak Bet" has been operating for 14 years since 2010.  This canteen provides a variety of food and beverage menus to meet the needs of campus residents. However, the large number of competitors, limited promotions, and uncertain class schedules cause customers who come to the campus canteen to vary every day, making it difficult to predict income. Based on these problems, the purpose of this research is to create an information system that can increase promotion. The system designed is based on a website that can be accessed by customers and canteen owners. The method used is linear sequential. The result of this research is a canteen information system that contains canteen profile information, menus, and promos. The implementation of this system is expected to help the canteen in promoting the menu and increasing customers.
Lower Extremity Electromyography During Submaximal Squats with Varying Moments of Inertia
Authors: Mitchinson Clara J. , Caruso John , Best Stuart , Bollinger Lance
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION: Spaceflight impairs muscle size, strength, recruitment, and aerobic capacity. Flywheel-based inertial training (FIT) has been used as a countermeasure to preserve muscle strength and size. The objective of this study was to determine how submaximal FIT squats with varying moments of inertia (MOI) affects lower extremity muscle recruitment.

METHODS: Subjects (7 men, 7 women) completed FIT squats with various MOI: 0.000, 0.005, 0.010, 0.015, and 0.020 kg · m−2 (stages 1–5, respectively) at a pace of 50 squats/min for 3 min each. Electromyography (EMG) of the vastus lateralis, gluteus maximus (GM), biceps femoris, and soleus (SOL) were measured and normalized to maximal effort. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance.

RESULTS: Peak EMG amplitude [effect size (ES): 0.75–1.43] and integrated EMG activity (ES: 0.73–1.24) for all muscles increased linearly across MOI. Mean eccentric EMG amplitude was greater than concentric for the vastus lateralis (19–63% greater; ES: 1.58). A significant phase × MOI interaction was noted for the GM and SOL (ES: 1.27 and 2.08, respectively) where greater MOI preferentially increased eccentric EMG amplitude.

DISCUSSION: Increasing MOI increases EMG amplitude of hip extensors, knee extensors, and plantarflexors during submaximal FIT squats in the concentric and eccentric phases. At higher MOI, EMG amplitude is preferentially increased in GM and SOL, especially in the eccentric phase. Submaximal FIT squats can be performed for up to 3 min continuously with active concentric and eccentric phases. This training modality may concomitantly preserve muscle and cardiorespiratory fitness during unloading but this remains to be tested.

Mitchinson CJ, Caruso J, Best S, Bollinger L. Lower extremity electromyography during submaximal squats with varying moments of inertia. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(2):93–100.
Factors Contributing to Fatalities in Helicopter Emergency Medical Service Accidents
Authors: Korentsides Jenna , Keebler Joseph R. , Berezovski Mihhail , Chaparro Alex
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to update and reinforce previous research on helicopter emergency medical service accidents in the United States. By investigating predictors of fatalities after helicopter emergency medical service crashes through the application of machine learning techniques, we updated existing data sets and sought to uncover patterns that traditional analysis might not reveal.

METHODS: Using the National Transportation Safety Board database, the authors analyzed a dataset of 267 helicopter emergency medical service accidents between 1991–2022. We first calculated fatalities odds ratios for each condition. We then plotted geospatial locations of all reported accidents. Finally, we used XGBoost regression to understand the most important features contributing to fatality after an accident.

RESULTS: The findings reaffirm previous research and identify significant predictors of fatalities in helicopter emergency medical service accidents. Key factors such as adverse flight conditions (weather), the absence of a copilot, and postcrash fires are highlighted as critical to understanding and mitigating risks of fatality.

DISCUSSION: These findings emphasize the utility of machine learning in extracting meaningful insights from accident data, suggesting that such techniques offer a more nuanced understanding of the conditions leading to fatalities. It points out the potential of these methods to not only enhance aviation safety but also to be applied across other sectors. We conclude by underlining the significant potential of techniques like XGBoost in advancing safety measures within helicopter emergency medical service and possibly other aviation sectors.

Korentsides J, Keebler JR, Berezovski M, Chaparro A. Factors contributing to fatalities in helicopter emergency medical service accidents. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(2):111–115.
Managing Select Medical Emergencies During Long-Duration Space Missions
Authors: Tran Kim-Anh , Pollock Neal W. , Dion Pierre-Marc , Lapierre Marjorie , Tremblay Sophie , Witteman William , Rhéaume Caroline , Lafond Daniel , Fortier Félix-Antoine , Marion Andréanne , Dutil-Fafard Lara , Morin Camille , LePabic Geneviève , Monnot David P. M. , Archambault Patrick M.
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION: Space agencies and private industries worldwide are planning long-duration missions, which come with complex medical challenges. Crews must be prepared for medical emergencies due to longer mission durations, increased travel distance, communication delays, and higher levels of isolation. This study aimed to systematically review the existing literature and knowledge gaps that could be related to the management of medical emergencies during long-duration space missions.

METHODS: A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. Electronic databases, including ARC, Embase, IEEE Xplore, Medline Ovid, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, were searched from inception to June 1, 2023. Empirical study designs published in English or French were eligible for inclusion provided they described the management of at least 1 of 10 prioritized potentially mission-critical medical conditions.

RESULTS: A total of 484 full-text studies were assessed for eligibility, with 99 included in this review. Conditions with the highest representation were spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (N = 23), herniated disk (N = 22), and nephrolithiasis (N = 22). Conditions with the least representation were cerebrovascular accidents (N = 4), eye penetration (N = 3), and retinal detachment (N = 2). The duration of missions varied between 5 and 438 d for studies conducted in space. The data reflected the scarcity of evidence concerning prolonged deep-space exposure beyond the Earth’s magnetosphere.

DISCUSSION: Substantial medical autonomy is essential for the success of long-duration space missions, when medical support and even communication will be limited. Future research should prioritize knowledge gaps to improve preparedness and medical autonomy for space exploration activities.

Tran K-A, Pollock NW, Dion P-M, Lapierre M, Tremblay S, Witteman W, Rhéaume C, Lafond D, Fortier F-A, Marion A, Dutil-Fafard L, Morin C, LePabic G, Monnot DPM, Archambault PM. Managing select medical emergencies during long-duration space missions. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(2):143–154.
Occupational Outcomes of Photorefractive Keratectomy in Young Asian Military Aviators
Authors: Ong Sze Chuan , Chay Isaac , Low Jason , Tan Dominic , See Brian
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION: The Republic of Singapore Air Force started its corneal refractive surgery (CRS) Program in 2005 through the introduction of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) to expand its recruitment pool of aviators. This study evaluates short- and long-term occupational outcomes of PRK on young Asian eyes with low-moderate myopia.

METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of aircrew who underwent PRK under the CRS program over 12 yr. Data collected included demographic characteristics, preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) refraction, pachymetry, keratometry, pre- and postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), best-corrected distance visual acuity, and SE refraction. Outcome measures included long-term survival rates (i.e., achieving UDVA of 20/20 and flying without optical aids), short-term SE refractive accuracy/UDVA, and postoperative complications.

RESULTS: Included for analysis were 274 eyes of 141 patients. Of these, 82.1% of eyes had UDVA of 20/20 at last follow-up. Cumulative survival rates were 99.8%, 96.5%, 92.9%, 84.7%, and 62.2% at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 yr of follow-up, respectively. At the 3-mo mark, 98.2% and 70.4% of eyes had SE refraction within ±0.50 D and ±0.13 D of intended correction, respectively, and 95.2% of eyes met standards for returning to flying duties. Postoperative complications included corneal haze (1.5%), steroid-induced intraocular pressure elevation (0.7%), and PRK-enhancement (0.7%). Higher preoperative myopia was the only risk factor for failure from multivariate analysis.

DISCUSSION: PRK as a structured CRS program is effective both short- and long-term to enable flying without optical aids among young Asian aviators with low-moderate myopia.

Ong SC, Chay I, Low J, Tan D, See B. Occupational outcomes of photorefractive keratectomy in young Asian military aviators. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(2):121–127.
Fatal Pulmonary Barotrauma from a Commercial Flight
Authors: Stevens Graham
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of cases of fatal pulmonary barotrauma in the literature unless the patient is mechanically ventilated. Here we report a presumed pulmonary barotrauma caused by pulmonary cyst rupture as barometric pressure reduced during a commercial flight, with tragic consequences.

CASE REPORT: A 71-yr-old woman with a history of a large pulmonary cyst lost consciousness on a commercial domestic flight (1.15-h flight time). This period of reduced level of consciousness was undetected and may have caused hypoxic brain injury. Subsequent hospital investigations revealed a large cavitating lesion in the left lung and free gas in the brain, suggestive of pulmonary barotrauma and cerebral arterial gas embolism. Progression of the hypoxic brain injury caused death.

DISCUSSION: The likely cause of death was speculated to be caused by the preexisting pulmonary cyst, which was ruptured by either Valsalva, cough suppression, change in barometric pressure, or a combination of all three, causing fatal air emboli.

Stevens G. Fatal pulmonary barotrauma from a commercial flight. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(2):180–182.
The Influence of S Addition and Aging Heat-Treatment on the Machinability in Austenitic Lightweight Steels
Authors: Lee Chang-Uk , Kim Kyeong-Won , Lee Chang-Hoon , Park Hyungkwon , Park Seong-Jun
Published: February 2025

Machining processes are crucial in industrial applications for shaping steel into specific structural products, and represent a significant portion of the product cost. However, the machinability of lightweight steel is poor, and it exhibits the characteristics of difficult-to-machine materials. This study investigated the effect of adding sulfur on the machinability of austenitic lightweight steel. Additionally, research was also conducted on aging heat treatment, to determine its effect on the steel’s mechanical and machinability properties, to enhance its usability as a structural material. S was added in the range of 0.0048 to 0.0494 wt.%, and the microstructure was observed, and mechanical and machinability properties were evaluated. After aging at 550°C for 6 hours, changes in the steel microstructure, including precipitates, were analyzed, and the same tests were performed. The added S was found to combine with the abundant Mn in the matrix, forming MnS inclusions. These inclusions did not affect the tensile properties but reduced impact energy while significantly improving machinability. However, after aging, κ-carbides formed within the grains and along grain boundaries, resulting in increased yield and tensile strength but decreased impact energy. Notably, machinability considerably deteriorated after aging, likely due to the interference of κ-carbides with dislocation movement. Consequently, the machinability of austenitic lightweight steel can be improved by the addition of S, and it is recommended that the machining process be conducted before aging during product manufacturing, considering the significant reduction in machinability after aging.
Analysis for Fabrication Conditions of Scalpel with Ti47Cu38Zr7.5Fe2.5Sn2Si1Ag2 Bulk Metallic Glass Alloys
Authors: Park J. N. , Oh J. S. , Lee S. , Chung C. H. , Shin D. , Park J. S.
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the manufacturing conditions and properties of Ti47Cu38Zr7.5Fe2.5Sn2Si1Ag2 amorphous bulk metallic glass (BMG) to examine its applicability for scalpels for medical use. Ti-base BMG alloys have excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility, making them a suitable scalpel material. In this study, a vacuum suction casting method was used to manufacture a BMG alloy scalpel. After examining various manufacturing conditions, to successfully suppress the occurrence of pores and manufacture a BMG with excellent shape the optimal conditions were determined to be 236 A of arc current, 20 s of melting time, 2 s of suction time, 10°C of coolant temperature, and -0.1 MPa of suction pressure. XRD analysis confirmed that the Ti-base BMG had a completely amorphous structure. Vickers hardness measurements showed that the Ti47Cu38Zr7.5Fe2.5Sn2Si1Ag2 amorphous bulk metal material (BMG) scalpel had a hardness of 781 Hv, and was superior to a commercial stainless steel (SUS) scalpel in terms of durability. In the pork skin cutting tests, the Ti-base BMG scalpel maintained its edge without chipping, while the SUS scalpel showed chipping and an uneven cutting surface. These research results suggest that Ti-based BMG can provide better high-strength performance and durability than commercial SUS scalpels, and demonstrate its potential for application as a medical tool. However, bulk amorphous alloys with excellent glass formability (GFA) still require a detailed study of the optimal fabrication conditions to avoid pores and defects.
Pengaruh Logoterapy Medical Menistry Terhadap Tingkat Depresi pada Pasien yang di Rawat Di Ruang ICU dan HCU
Authors: Retnaningsih Dwi , Handayani Raidha Febria , Aini Dwi Nur
Published: February 2025

Pelayanan kritis, selain instalasi bedah dan instalasi gawat darurat banyak menimbulkan dampak psikologis pada pasien, terutama pasien dengan tingkat kesadaran penuh, salah satunya adalah depresi. Salah satu manajemen depresi adalah dengan menggunakan terapi logoterapi. Tujuan penelitian untuk melihat pengaruh intervensi logoterapi medical ministry terhadap depresi pada pasien yang dirawat di ruang ICU dan HCU. Metode penelitian menggunakan Quasy Experiment dengan rancangan two group pretest and posttest design. Responden penelitian adalah semua pasien yang sedang di rawat di ruang ICU dan HCU di RSKB Columbia Asia Semarang sebanyak 32 pasien. Teknik sampling dalam penelitian ini diambil purposive sampling. Intrumen yang digunakan adalah Hamilton Depression Rating Scalle (HDRS) dan analisis menggunakan Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh logoterapi medical menistry pada kelompok intervensi dengan depresi ringan sebanyak 8 orang (25.0%), dengan depresi sedang sebanyak 8 orang (25,0%), dan tidak ada depresi berat. Kelompok kontrol, didapatkan depresi sedang sebanyak 4 orang (12,5%), dan depresi berat sebanyak 12 orang (37.5%). Nila p value = 0,000 atau <0,05. Kesimpulan: terdapat pengaruh logoterapi medical menistry terhadap tingkat depresi pada pasien yang di rawat di ruang ICU dan HCU.
Arm Swing Exercise (ASE) Menurunkan Kadar Glukosa Darah Sewaktu Penderita Diabetes
Authors: Khasanah Dwi Uswatun , Ulfah Maria
Published: February 2025

Gaya hidup sedenter akibat modernisasi menjadi salah satu sebab meningkatnya prevalensi diabetes setiap tahun. Latihan fisik secara teratur bermanfaat bagi penderita diabetes untuk mengendalikan kadar glukosa darah untuk mencegah terjadinya komplikasi. Diperlukan latihan fisik yang sederhana, mudah dan nyaman yang dapat mendorong penderita diabetes untuk melakukan latihan fisik secara teratur seperti Arm Swing Exercise. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Arm Swing Exercise terhadap kadar glukosa darah penderita diabetes. Penelitian quasi-eksperimen dengan desain one group pre and post test.  Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien diabetes di Puskesmas Bandung Kota Tegal yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Besar sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 18 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, glukometer untuk pemeriksaan kadar Glukosa Darah Sewaktu (GDS), dan pedoman pelaksanaan Arm Swing Exercise (ASE). Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan rata-rata kadar GDS sebelum intervensi  sebesar 301,89 mg/dl dan setelah intervensi sebesar 223,67 mg/dl. Hasil uji Paired sample t test menunjukkan angka yang signifikan antar nilai pre dengan post test dengan nilai p=0,000 (p value < 0,005) yang berarti adanya perbedaan yang bermakna kadar glukosa darah sewaktu sebelum dan setelah diberikan intervensi. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan adalah ada pengaruh Arm Swing Exercise terhadap kadar glukosa darah sewaktu pasien diabetes di Puskesmas Bandung Kota Tegal
Efektivitas Permainan MONODUGI (Monopoli Edukasi Kesehatan Gigi) Terhadap Pengetahuan Karies Gigi Anak Usia Sekolah
Authors: Pratiwi Vidi Zahraningrum , Solikhah Umi
Published: February 2025

ABSTRAKKaries gigi merupakan masalah gigi yang paling tinggi dialami oleh anak sekolah yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup anak. Untuk mencegah hal tersebut dibutuhkan pemberian edukasi melalui media promosi kesehatan seperti dengan media permainan monopoli yang merupakan media pembelajaran berbasis permainan yang dapat digunakan untuk belajar sambil bermain sehingga proses pembelajaran menjadi menyenangkan, bersemangat dan memudahkan peserta didik memahami apa yang telah disampaikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode Pre-Eksperimental dengan pendekatan One Group Pretest-Posttest Without Control Design. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini sebanyak 48 responden dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling. Berdasarkan hasil analisis uji normalitas data dengan Shapiro-Wilk menunjukkan kedua kelompok yaitu pretest dan posttest memilki nilai signifikan lebih dari 0.05 yaitu dengan nilai prestest 0.059 dan posttest 0.075 yang artinya berdistribusi normal. Kemudian dilanjutkan menggunakan metode statistik parametik dengan menggunakan uji statistik Paired T-Test yang didapatkan hasil bahwa p-value 0.000, sehingga Ha diterima artinya ada perbedaan pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah diberikan MONODUGI. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian edukasi kesehatan gigi dengan media permainan monopoli efektif terhadap tingkat pengetahuan gigi pada anak usia sekolah dan meningkatkan pengetahuan karies gigi anak usia sekolah.Kata kunci: Anak Usia Sekolah; Permainan Monopoli; Karies Gigi
ABSTRACTDental caries is the most dental issue among school children, which can impact their quality of life. Preventive education through health promotion media, such as a monopoly game, can make learning enjoyable and engaging and thereby facilitating better understanding. This quantitative study employed a pre-experimental design with a one group pretest-posttest without control approach. The sample consisted of 48 respondents, selected using total sampling. The normality test using Shapiro-Wilk indicated that both pretest and posttest groups had significant values greater than 0.05 (pretest 0.059 and posttest 0.075), indicating a normal distribution. The paired t-test showed a p-value of 0.000, suggesting a significant difference in knowledge before and after the MONODUGI intervention. The study concluded that dental health education using a monopoly game affective in improving dental caries knowledge among school-age children.Keyword: Dental Caries; Monopoly Game; School Age Children
Emergent biotechnology applications in urology: a mini review
Authors: Liu Chang , Rivera Ruiz Alejandro , Zhang Yingchun , Zimmern Philippe , Li Zhengwei
Published: February 2025

Technological advances have significantly impacted the field of urology, providing innovative solutions for diagnosis, treatment, and management of various urological disorders and diseases. This article highlights four groundbreaking technologies: whole-cell biosensors, optogenetic interventions for neuromodulation, bioengineered urinary bladder, and 3D bioprinting. Each technology plays a crucial role in enhancing patient care and improving clinical outcomes in urology. Advances in these fields underscore a shift towards precision diagnostics, personalized treatments, and enhanced regenerative strategies, ultimately aiming to enhance patient outcomes and address unmet clinical needs in urological diseases.
Immunoassay–mass spectrometry to identify Brucella melitensis
Authors: Sharif Amirreza , Nejad Ramin Bagheri , Ghassempour Alireza
Published: February 2025

Two factors frequently impede accurate bacterial identification using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS): inadequate bacterial abundance in real samples and bacterial combinations. For MALDI-TOF MS analysis and libraries for bacterial identification, time-consuming culture procedures are necessary to achieve sufficient concentration and isolation of a single bacterium. When dealing with hazardous bacteria like Brucella, which are more difficult to handle and cure, this problem becomes even more crucial. To overcome these obstacles, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) linked with Brucella-specific antibodies and MALDI-TOF MS analysis have been used to create a quick and accurate technique for direct bacterial separation and identification in complex samples. This method allows MNPs to immune-selectively collect Brucella cells, which are then deactivated and ready for MALDI-TOF MS analysis by a formic acid/acetonitrile wash. Rabbits were used to manufacture brucella antibodies, which have effectively adsorbed onto the MNPs–protein A. Any particular Brucella bacteria found in the media might be absorbed by this MNPs–protein A–antibody immunoprobe. The concentration of Brucella bacterial cells increases the protein spectrum’s visibility by a factor of 103, making it possible to quickly identify Brucella spp. without first growing them in cultural conditions. This method has been successfully used to achieve a limit of detection (LOD) of 50 CFU/mL in an aqueous medium and genuine sample—milk. The diagnostic time for this harmful bacterium is greatly decreased because the entire procedure from bacterial isolation to species identification is finished in less than 60 min. High sensitivity and specificity are demonstrated by the immunoassay–MS approach, as the spectral pattern it produces matches well-known databases like SPECLUST and Ribopeaks.
Many winners, few losers: stable bird populations on an Afrotropical mountain amidst climate change
Authors: Wambugu Mwangi , Martínez-Íñigo Laura , Amakobe Bernard , Githiru Mwangi
Published: February 2025

Organisms in mountainous areas are frequently exposed to climatic extremes and are among the most vulnerable to climate change. Long-term studies on birds along elevational gradients, which are vital in understanding species dynamics, are rare in tropical mountains, which limits the ability to understand their population trends in the face of climate change. We modelled local abundances of understorey bird species (N=18) over a 13-year period (2011–2023) in Mt. Kasigau, Kenya, using mist netting data collected along an elevational gradient. Our models show relatively stable bird abundances in the study period. However, we found two distinct population crashes that affected most species in 2015 and 2022, suggesting that changes in local dynamics may lead to heavy declines of bird populations in mountainous regions. Most species had stable local abundances in the study period, but parametric bootstrapping revealed a declining trend for a few species, including an endemic, threatened species. We highlight the importance of mountainous regions in maintaining relatively stable populations in the face of global environmental transformation such as posed by climate change, and the dynamism of bird species populations across relatively small spatial-temporal variations. While mountain ecosystems are viewed as potential refugia for biodiversity in the face of a warming climate, further studies are needed to understand the drivers of short and long-term declines in bird populations at higher elevations, especially in tropical Africa.
Lesion-specific coronary artery calcium score to predict stent underexpansion
Authors: Yang Wentao , Xu Ke , Fu Xi , Zhang Weifeng , Hao Ziyong , Sang Zhenchi , Jiang Lisheng , Qiu Xingbiao , Tu Shengxian , Shen Linghong , He Ben
Published: February 2025

Background

Previous intracoronary imaging studies have shown that coronary artery calcium (CAC) is an independent risk factor of stent underexpansion; however, limited preintervention assessments of CAC have been performed using noninvasive methods. We aimed to determine the association between lesion-specific CAC score and stent underexpansion.

Methods

In this retrospective observational study, we included 416 lesions from 359 patients who underwent intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided stent implantation. CAC of each lesion was quantified using the Agatston method derived from either nongated noncontrast chest CT (NCCT) or electrocardiogram-gated coronary CT angiography (CCTA). The primary endpoint was stent underexpansion defined as minimum stent area of <80% of the average reference lumen area.

Results

Overall, stent underexpansion occurred in 144 (34.6%) of 416 lesions. Lesion-specific CAC score was significantly negatively correlated with the stent expansion rate (in NCCT cohort, r = 0.8113, P < 0.05; in CCTA cohort, r = 0.8024, P < 0.05). The optimal cutoff values of lesion-specific CAC score to predict stent underexpansion were >200 in both NCCT (sensitivity, 91.4%; specificity, 66.8%) and CCTA (sensitivity, 84.6%; specificity, 64.3%) cohort, which were associated with 24.94-fold increased risk of stent underexpansion in NCCT cohort and 13.56-fold increased risk of stent underexpansion in CCTA cohort.

Conclusions

In this study, we found that lesion-specific CAC scores in both NCCT and CCTA cohorts were significantly independently associated with an increased risk of stent underexpansion, and the cutoff value to predict stent underexpansion was >200.