bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eminent science support from Jews to the young Turkish republic; a particular focus on dentistry
Authors: Buduneli Nurcan , Nemecek Raffaela , Demirbaş Mehmet , Deschner James
Published: July 2024

During World War II, millions of people were mistreated and imprisoned in Nazi concentration camps. Due to the antisemitic pressure applied by the Nazi regime, many scientists had to leave Germany, and they immigrated to the United States, Switzerland, Turkey or South America. Alfred Kantorowicz was among those highly educated people who were forced out of their professional career. For a certain period, he had to stay away from the world of research and academia, which were his favorite occupations. However, these unexpected difficulties did not prevent him to pursue his success story with many awards, books, and scientific studies. Professor Kantorowicz was saved from a concentration camp upon the efforts of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk to modernize the university education system in Turkey. Prof. Kantorowicz worked from 1933 until his retirement in 1948 and acted as the “father of dentistry” in Turkey. His vision of preventive dentistry and his entrepreneurial approach should set an example for today's young dentists.
Multiarray screening identifies plasma proteins associated with Th17 cell differentiation and viral defense in coincident asthma and obesity
Authors: Manell Hannes , Tsolakis Nikolaos , Janson Christer , Malinovschi Andrei , Alving Kjell
Published: July 2024

Background

The immunological mechanisms behind the clinical association between asthma and obesity in adolescence are not fully understood. This study aimed to find new plasma protein biomarkers associated specifically with coincident asthma and obesity in adolescents.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study in children and adolescents 10–19 years old (N = 390). Relative plasma concentrations of 113 protein biomarkers related to inflammation and immune response were determined by proximity extension assay (Target 96; Olink, Uppsala, Sweden). Differences in protein concentrations between healthy controls (n = 84), subjects with asthma (n = 138), subjects with obesity (n = 107), and subjects with both asthma and obesity (AO; n = 58) were analyzed by ANCOVA, adjusting for age and sex, and in a separate model adjusting also for the sum of specific IgE antibody concentrations to a mix of food allergens (fx5) and aeroallergens (Phadiatop). Proteins elevated in the AO group but not in the obesity or asthma groups were considered specifically elevated in asthma and obesity.

Results

Five proteins were elevated specifically in the AO group compared to controls (here sorted from largest to smallest effect of asthma and obesity combined): CCL8, IL‐33, IL‐17C, FGF‐23, and CLEC7A. The effects of adjusting also for specific IgE were small but IL‐33, IL‐17C, and FGF‐23 were no longer statistically significant.

Conclusion

We identified several new potential plasma biomarkers specifically elevated in coincident asthma and obesity in adolescents. Four of the proteins, CCL8, IL‐33, IL‐17C, and CLEC7A, have previously been associated with viral mucosal host defense and Th17 cell differentiation.
Genetic adaptation of phenological stages in Chinese and European elite soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) across latitudes in Central Europe
Authors: Yao Xindong , Pachner Martin , Rittler Leopold , Hahn Volker , Leiser Willmar , Riedel Christine , Rezi Raluca , Bétrix Claude‐Alain , Nawracała Jerzy , Temchenko Inna , Đorđević Vuk , Qiu Li‐Juan , Vollmann Johann
Published: July 2024

Genetic adaptation of soybean phenological stages to high‐latitude long‐day environments is the major pre‐requisite for enhancing regional plant‐based protein production. Both E‐genes controlling flowering and growing environment determine timing of flowering and maturity, and E‐gene composition might differ between Chinese and European soybeans bearing the potential for improving adaptability. Therefore, 140 early maturity elite soybean cultivars of either Chinese or European origin were genotyped for the E1 to E4 flowering loci, and genotypes were tested across 17 European environments spanning a latitude range from 45 to 52°N in order to determine effects of various E‐allele combinations. Differences in E‐allele composition between Chinese and European cultivars were largest for the loci E1 and E3. Wild‐type alleles significantly delayed flowering, and effects of particular E‐alleles were depending on geographic latitude. Consequently, photoperiod‐insensitive E‐haplotypes carrying several non‐functional alleles proved to be suitable for cultivation in higher latitudes, whereas photoperiod‐sensitive late‐maturity E‐haplotypes are adapted to lower latitudes only. Thus, breeding for new E‐haplotypes through combining Chinese and European alleles could enhance the potential for further soybean adaptation to northern growing regions.
Host selection by thrips is affected by the floral volatile profile of sunflower
Authors: Qu Hui , Chuai Ze‐Run , Zhang Wen‐Bing , Zhang Jian , Yun Xiao‐Peng , Liu Jun , Zhao Jun , Li Hai‐Ping
Published: July 2024

Thrips, Frankliniella intonsa, is a highly polyphagous pest with a worldwide distribution. F. intonsa‐infested sunflower seeds show marked visual damage. The study findings revealed that significantly more F. intonsa infested confection sunflower compared to oilseed sunflower, via olfactometer bioassay studies, we found that compared with the flower and pollen of oilseed sunflowers, those of confection sunflowers attract F. intonsa. Considering this discrepancy in the preference of F. intonsa on oilseed and confection sunflowers, the volatiles of the flower and pollens of two sunflowers were analysed by gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy. The behavioural responses of F. intonsa were assessed for these compounds using Y‐tube bioassays. Geranyl bromide, a unique volatile component of oilseed sunflowers, induced an assertive approach‐avoidance behaviour in F. intonsa, whereas the unique component ethyl isovalerate in confection sunflowers attracted F. intonsa. F. intonsa adults demonstrated significant attraction to the blends of confection sunflowers. Furthermore, field verification revealed that intercropping confection and oilseed sunflowers could effectively control F. intonsa. The study provided insights into the chemical cues used by F. intonsa in locating hosts. Therefore, oilseed sunflowers can be used as repellent plants to prevent F. intonsa invasion.
Differential root and cell regulation of maize aquaporins by the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis highlights its role in plant water relations
Authors: Romero‐Munar Antonia , Muñoz‐Carrasco María , Balestrini Raffaella , De Rose Silvia , Giovannini Luca , Aroca Ricardo , Ruiz‐Lozano Juan Manuel
Published: July 2024

This study aims to elucidate if the regulation of plant aquaporins by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis occurs only in roots or cells colonized by the fungus or at whole root system. Maize plants were cultivated in a split‐root system, with half of the root system inoculated with the AM fungus and the other half uninoculated. Plant growth and hydraulic parameters were measured and aquaporin gene expression was determined in each root fraction and in microdissected cells. Under well‐watered conditions, the non‐colonized root fractions of AM plants grew more than the colonized root fraction. Total osmotic and hydrostatic root hydraulic conductivities (Lo and Lpr) were higher in AM plants than in non‐mycorrhizal plants. The expression of most maize aquaporin genes analysed was different in the mycorrhizal root fraction than in the non‐mycorrhizal root fraction of AM plants. At the cellular level, differential aquaporin expression in AM‐colonized cells and in uncolonized cells was also observed. Results indicate the existence of both, local and systemic regulation of plant aquaporins by the AM symbiosis and suggest that such regulation is related to the availability of water taken up by fungal hyphae in each root fraction and to the plant need of water mobilization.
Optimizing pediatric periprocedural pain management part II—Adjunct therapies to support the use of infiltrative anesthetics
Authors: Henkel Emily D. , Haller Courtney N. , Diaz Lucia Z. , Ricles Victoria , Wong Grossman Ashley V. , Nemergut Michael E. , Krakowski Andrew C.
Published: July 2024

Pediatric procedure‐related pain management is often incompletely understood, inadequately addressed, and critical in influencing a child's lifelong relationship with the larger healthcare community. We present a comprehensive review of infiltrative anesthetics, including a comparison of their mechanisms of action and relative safety and efficacy data to help guide clinical selection. We also describe the multimodal utilization of adjunct therapies—in series and in parallel—to support the optimization of pediatric periprocedural pain management, enhance the patient experience, and provide alternatives to sedation medication and general anesthesia.
The impact of yoga on successful aging based on the selection, optimization, and compensation model in elderly women: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Mashali Hadi , Amiri Mina , Vizeshfar Fatemeh , Ghaemmaghami Parvin , Nick Narjes
Published: July 2024

Objective

To investigate the impact of yoga on successful aging based on the selection, optimization, and compensation model in elderly women.

Design

Quasi‐experimental study.

Sample

Seniors’ meeting points and parks and clubs for the old age pensioners of the ministry of education, ministry of healthcare, and the oil corporation in Shiraz, Iran. 68 elderly women within the age range of 60–86 years were divided into a yoga and a control group.

Measurements

The subjects in both groups were asked to complete the selection, optimization, and compensation model questionnaire before and after the intervention. Successful aging was measured using the selection, optimization, and compensation questionnaire.

Intervention

The yoga training program was implemented in 1‐h sessions twice a week for eight weeks.

Results

After eight weeks of yoga training, the results showed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest successful aging total scores of the yoga group (P = .005). However, the difference between the yoga and control groups’ posttest mean total scores was not significant (P = .601).

Conclusion

Based on the results, it seems that yoga training can improve successful aging. Thus, yoga is recommended as an inexpensive and entertaining method.
The impact of air pollution on the facial skin of Caucasian women using real‐life pollutant exposure measurements
Authors: Robic Julie , Lata Warren , Nkengne Alex , Bigouret Armelle , Vie Katell
Published: July 2024

Background

To date, studies examining the effect of air pollution on skin characteristics have relied on regional pollution estimates obtained from fixed monitoring sites. Hence, there remains a need to characterize the impact of air pollution in vivo in real‐time conditions. We conducted an initial investigation under real‐life conditions, with the purpose of characterizing the in vivo impact of various pollutants on the facial skin condition of women living in Paris over a 6‐month period.

Materials and methods

A smartphone application linked to the Breezometer platform was used to collect participants’ individual exposures to pollutants through the recovery of global positioning system (GPS) data over a 6‐month period. Daily exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 µm and PM 10 µm), pollen, and air quality was measured. Facial skin color, roughness, pore, hydration, elasticity, and wrinkle measurements were taken at the end of the 6‐month period. Participants’ cumulated pollutant exposure over 6 months was calculated. Data were stratified into two groups (lower vs. higher pollutant exposure) for each pollutant.

Results

156 women (20–60 years‐old) were recruited, with 124 women completing the study. Higher PM 2.5 µm exposure was associated with altered skin color and increased roughness under the eye. Higher PM 10 µm exposure with increased wrinkles and roughness under the eye, increased pore appearance, and decreased skin hydration. Exposure to poorer air quality was linked with increased forehead wrinkles and decreased skin elasticity, while higher pollen exposure increased skin roughness and crow's feet.

Conclusion

This study suggests a potential correlation between air pollution and facial skin in real‐life conditions. Prolonged exposure to PM, gases, and pollen may be linked to clinical signs of skin ageing. This study highlights the importance of longer monitoring over time in real conditions to characterize the effect of pollution on the skin.
Genetic causality and metabolite pathway identifying the relationship of blood metabolites and psoriasis
Authors: Wang Zhonghai , Lin Xiuyu , Chen Xin , Qin Di‐Mao , Zhang Quan‐Bo , Wang Han
Published: July 2024

Background

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes significant disability. However, little is known about the underlying metabolic mechanisms of psoriasis. Our study aims to investigate the causality of 975 blood metabolites with the risk of psoriasis.

Materials and Methods

We mainly applied genetic analysis to explore the possible associations between 975 blood metabolites and psoriasis. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis to assess the possible association of blood metabolites with psoriasis. Moreover, generalized summary‐data‐based Mendelian randomization (GSMR) was used as a supplementary analysis. In addition, linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was used to investigate their genetic correction further. Metabolic pathway analysis of the most suggested metabolites was also performed using MetaboAnalyst 5.0.

Results

In our primary analysis, 17 metabolites, including unsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, and triglycerides traits, were selected as potential factors in psoriasis, with odd ratios (OR) ranging from 0.986 to 1.01. The GSMR method confirmed the above results (β = 0.001, p < 0.05). LDSC analysis mainly suggested the genetic correlation of psoriasis with genetic correlations (rg) from 0.088 to 0.155. Based on the selected metabolites, metabolic pathway analysis suggested seven metabolic pathways including ketone body that may be prominent pathways for metabolites in psoriasis.

Conclusion

Our study supports the causal role of unsaturated fatty acid properties and lipid traits with psoriasis. These properties may be regulated by the ketone body metabolic pathway.
Defects in Glabrous 3 (GL3) functionality underlie the absence of trichomes in Brassica napus
Authors: Heydarian Zohreh , Harrington Myrtle , Hegedus Dwayne D.
Published: July 2024

Previously, expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana GLABRA3 (GL3) induced trichome formation in Brassica napus. GL3 orthologues were examined from glabrous (B. oleracea), semi‐glabrous (B. napus), moderately hirsute (B. rapa), and very hirsute (B. villosa) Brassica species. Ectopic expression of BnGL3, BrGL3 alleles, or BvGL3 induced trichome formation in glabrous B. napus with the effect on trichome number commensurate with density in the original accessions. Chimeric GL3 proteins in which the B. napus amino terminal region, which interacts with MYB proteins, or the middle region, which interacts with the WD40 protein TTG1, was exchanged with corresponding regions from A. thaliana were as stimulatory to trichome production as AtGL3. Exchange of the carboxy‐terminal region containing a bHLH domain and an ACT domain did not alter the trichome stimulatory activity, although modeling of the ACT domain identified differences that could affect GL3 dimerization. B. napus A‐ and C‐genomes orthologues differed in their abilities to form homo‐ and heterodimers. Modeling of the amino‐terminal region revealed a conserved domain that may represent the MYB factor binding pocket. This region interacted with the MYB factors GL1, CPC, and TRY, as well as with JAZ8, which is involved in jasmonic acid‐mediated regulation of MYC‐like transcription factors. Protein interaction studies indicated that GL1 interaction with GL3 from B. napus and A. thaliana may underlie the difference in their respective abilities to induce trichome formation.
Enhancing textile wastewater sustainability through calcium hypochlorite oxidation and subsequent filtration with assistance from waste blast furnace iron slag
Authors: Rafiq Md Sahil , Apurba Mohammad Shakhawat Hosen , Khandaker Nadim Reza
Published: July 2024

The textile industry is vital to Bangladesh's economy, employing over three million women and being the top foreign exchange earner. However, it severely impacts the environment because of untreated wastewater discharge. High treatment costs, reliant on expensive imported chemicals, worsen the issue. The Environmental Conservation Rules (ECR) 2023 of Bangladesh requires textile wastewater discharge to have a colour of less than 150 Pt‐Co, which current systems struggle to meet affordably. A pilot project tested a sustainable solution using chemical oxidation with calcium hypochlorite and sand filtration with blast furnace iron slag. This method effectively removed colour, and the treated water showed total dissolved solids (TDS) levels of 157 ± 4 mg/L, total suspended solids (TSS) levels of 8 ± 2 mg/L and chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels of 9 ± 3 mg/L, with reductions of 92%, 87% and 94%, respectively, making it a viable solution for resource‐limited economies.
Quasi‐conical domains with embedded eigenvalues
Authors: Krejčiřík David , Lotoreichik Vladimir
Published: July 2024

The spectrum of the Dirichlet Laplacian on any quasi‐conical open set coincides with the non‐negative semi‐axis. We show that there is a connected quasi‐conical open set such that the respective Dirichlet Laplacian has a positive (embedded) eigenvalue. This open set is constructed as the tower of cubes of growing size connected by windows of vanishing size. Moreover, we show that the sizes of the windows in this construction can be chosen so that the absolutely continuous spectrum of the Dirichlet Laplacian is empty.
Approximate norm‐additive maps on Banach spaces
Authors: Sun Longfa , Cai Gang , Zheng Bentuo
Published: July 2024

Let be two Banach spaces, be an ‐norm‐additive map for some , that is,
In this paper, we prove that if is surjective with , then there exists a linear surjective isometry such that
The estimate is sharp. We also approximate standard surjective ‐norm‐additive maps between the positive cones of continuous function spaces by linear isometries within a sharp approximation error .
Gastro-oesophageal reflux: rare presentation of Sotos syndrome in a neonate
Authors: Rakholia Vaidehi Devendra , Bharadwaj Shruthi Kumar , Mathai Sheila Samanta , Lewis Leslie Edward S
Published: July 2024

Sotos syndrome is a disorder characterised by distinctive facial features, excessive growth during childhood and intellectual disability. While these criteria apply to children and adults, they fall short when applied to neonates. Hyperbilirubinaemia, large for gestational age, hypotonia and seizures, along with cardiac and renal anomalies, are known to be common presentations in neonates. Reports have also added hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia as a presenting feature of Sotos syndrome in neonates. Here, we report a case of Sotos syndrome in a neonate who presented in the neonatal period with recurrent apnoeic episodes with hypotonia, which were later attributed to severe gastro-oesophageal reflux.
KLHL21 suppresses gastric tumourigenesis via maintaining STAT3 signalling equilibrium in stomach homoeostasis
Authors: Huang Xiao-Bo , Huang Qiang , Jiang Mei-Chen , Zhong Qing , Zheng Hua-Long , Wang Jia-Bin , Huang Ze-Ning , Wang Hua-Gen , Liu Zhi-Yu , Li Yi-Fan , Xu Kai-Xiang , Lin Mi , Li Ping , Huang Zhi-Hong , Xie Jian-Wei , Lin Jian-Xian , Lu Jun , Que Jian-Wen , Zheng Chao-Hui , Chen Qi-Yue , Huang Chang-Ming
Published: July 2024

Objective

Precancerous metaplasia transition to dysplasia poses a risk for subsequent intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma. However, the molecular basis underlying the transformation from metaplastic to cancerous cells remains poorly understood.

Design

An integrated analysis of genes associated with metaplasia, dysplasia was conducted, verified and characterised in the gastric tissues of patients by single-cell RNA sequencing and immunostaining. Multiple mouse models, including homozygous conditional knockout
Klhl21
-floxed mice, were generated to investigate the role of
Klhl21
deletion in stemness, DNA damage and tumour formation. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomics and ribosome sequencing were used to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Results

Kelch-like protein 21 (KLHL21) expression progressively decreased in metaplasia, dysplasia and cancer. Genetic deletion of
Klhl21
enhances the rapid proliferation of

Mist1
+

cells and their descendant cells.
Klhl21
loss during metaplasia facilitates the recruitment of damaged cells into the cell cycle via STAT3 signalling. Increased STAT3 activity was confirmed in cancer cells lacking KLHL21, boosting self-renewal and tumourigenicity. Mechanistically, the loss of KLHL21 promotes
PIK3CB
mRNA translation by stabilising the PABPC1-eIF4G complex, subsequently causing STAT3 activation. Pharmacological STAT3 inhibition by TTI-101 elicited anticancer effects, effectively impeding the transition from metaplasia to dysplasia. In patients with gastric cancer, low levels of KLHL21 had a shorter survival rate and a worse response to adjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusions

Our findings highlighted that KLHL21 loss triggers STAT3 reactivation through PABPC1-mediated PIK3CB translational activation, and targeting STAT3 can reverse preneoplastic metaplasia in KLHL21-deficient stomachs.
Exploring associations of population characteristics and tobacco and vape retailer density and proximity in Australia: a scoping review
Authors: Bendotti Hollie , Gartner Coral E , Marshall Henry M , Ireland David , Garvey Gail , Lawler Sheleigh
Published: July 2024

Objective

This scoping review synthesises Australian evidence on associations between tobacco and vape retailer density/proximity and various population measures and smoking behaviour to identify research gaps and inform future policy and strategies.

Data sources

Following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, relevant studies published in English since 2003 were identified via searches of eight databases in March and August 2023.

Study selection

Two reviewers independently completed screening procedures. Eligible studies were from Australia and described associations between tobacco or vape retailer density/proximity and adult or youth smoking/vaping prevalence or behaviours, neighbourhood socioeconomic status, geographic location, school locations and/or Indigenous status.

Data extraction

Results are reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist.

Data synthesis

Of 794 publications screened, 12 studies from 6 Australian states were included. Six studies from five states reported statistically significant associations between neighbourhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage and tobacco retailer density, yet only two studies from two states found a significant relationship between retailer density and adult smoking prevalence. Increasing retailer density was consistently significantly associated with increasing geographical remoteness in three states. No studies explored associations with tobacco retailer proximity or vape retailer density/proximity.

Conclusions

Despite a moderate number of studies overall, state-level evidence is limited, and unknown for Australian territories. Evidence from five Australian states reflects the international evidence that increasing retailer density is significantly associated with increasing socioeconomic disadvantage and remoteness, supporting the need for tobacco supply-based policies. Further research is required to understand the impact of retailer density and adult and youth smoking prevalence in Australia.
Bubble grain growth in ice: experiments and simulation
Authors: Di Prinzio Carlos L. , Achával Pastor I. , Druetta Esteban , Varela Guillermo Aguirre
Published: July 2024

Hailstones in the clouds develop under various environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, wind, etc.), which impact the size and texture of the ice composing the hail. The stratified structures within a hailstone provide direct insight into the stages it underwent during its growth. In each region, the grains grow with numerous bubbles both inside them and along the grain boundaries (GBs). As hail takes shape, its grain size gradually increases while within the storm cloud and this growth continues even after it falls to the ground. Grain growth is a thermally activated process that modifies the structure of hail, influenced by the presence of bubbles and atmospheric contaminants accumulated within the cloud. This study examines the evolution of grain size in a cylindrical hailstone containing bubbles, employing theoretical equations and a Monte Carlo-based growth model. The computational results contribute to a better understanding of the interaction between GBs and pre-existing bubbles, thereby elucidating the grain size evolution in hailstone containing bubbles near the melting point. Additionally, the study assesses the significance of bubbles in retaining information about a storm within hailstones.
Semi-Supervised Semantic Image Segmentation by Deep Diffusion Models and Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Díaz-Francés José Ángel , Fernández-Rodríguez José David , Thurnhofer-Hemsi Karl , López-Rubio Ezequiel
Published: July 2024

Typically, deep learning models for image segmentation tasks are trained using large datasets of images annotated at the pixel level, which can be expensive and highly time-consuming. A way to reduce the amount of annotated images required for training is to adopt a semi-supervised approach. In this regard, generative deep learning models, concretely Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), have been adapted to semi-supervised training of segmentation tasks. This work proposes MaskGDM, a deep learning architecture combining some ideas from EditGAN, a GAN that jointly models images and their segmentations, together with a generative diffusion model. With careful integration, we find that using a generative diffusion model can improve EditGAN performance results in multiple segmentation datasets, both multi-class and with binary labels. According to the quantitative results obtained, the proposed model improves multi-class image segmentation when compared to the EditGAN and DatasetGAN models, respectively, by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Moreover, using the ISIC dataset, our proposal improves the results from other models by up to [Formula: see text] for the binary image segmentation approach.
Cooperation in evolutionary games incorporated with extended Q-learning algorithm
Authors: Long Pinduo , Dai Qionglin , Li Haihong , Yang Junzhong
Published: July 2024

Evolutionary game theory provides a platform to investigate the emergence of cooperation in population consisting of selfish agents. In this work, we study evolutionary games on networks in which agents cooperate or defect according to Q-learning algorithms with extended state space. Extended state space provides agents two types of information, local environment information based on the cooperation level in agents’ neighborhood and personal information based on the last action of agents. Through numerical simulations, we find that rich information on local environment tends to improve cooperation in the population no matter whether personal information is present or not. Moreover, we show that, for the same local environment information, the introduction of personal information may improve cooperation except for the situations with low amount of local environment information where personal information deteriorates cooperation in bad-condition environment. For the same total information, the absence of personal information promotes cooperation in bad-condition environment while the presence of personal information promotes cooperation in good-condition environment. By investigating the distributions and temporal behaviors of Q-values, we present explanations for the above statements. This work suggests an effective way of extending the state space in evolutionary games incorporated with Q-learning algorithm to enhance cooperation.
Worldsheet contributions to instantons in string effective field theories
Authors: Davis Simon
Published: July 2024

The D-instantons in [Formula: see text] theory can contribute to the string effective action. The relation with the D-instanton term in Type IIB string theory will be clarified. The equation of the scalar field is projected to the two-dimensional worldsheet, on which a [Formula: see text] conformal field theory may be formulated. The energies of primary states in a minimal [Formula: see text] theory coupled to a [Formula: see text] topological string are evaluated and compared with the particle spectrum.
A Seismic Fault Recognition Method Based on Region Energy Algorithm
Authors: Chen Lei , Liang Yanqing , Qi Guanglei , Zhang Ting
Published: July 2024

Fault recognition is a difficult problem in seismic exploration data interpretation, and there is still no solution both well in terms of accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio. To solve this problem, based on the region energy algorithm, a novel fault recognition method is proposed, which determines the direction of fault tracking based on region energy when identifying fault points. First, the third-generation coherence cube algorithm is adopted to calculate the coherence attribute of the seismic data volume. Then, fault tracking is performed on each seismic section. When conducting fault tracking, the seismic sample is scanned and identified one by one. If it is a fault point, it is assigned to the corresponding fault in the connected area, and then, track along a certain direction of the current pixel point in the front left, directly ahead, or front right direction. The selection of the tracking directions is based on the energy of the corresponding area in the direction. The direction with the highest energy is tracked in the direction until the complete fault is tracked or the stopping condition is reached. If the point is not judged as a fault point, a certain distance is tracked down continue and the path is stored temporarily. If a fault point is tracked, the tracking path is classified as a fault, otherwise return to continue scanning. When all the sample points on the seismic section are scanned, the fault tracking on the corresponding section is completed. Subsequently, the fault points are fitted using the least squares fitting algorithm, and the fault line is obtained. Finally, comparative experiments were conducted on actual seismic data, and the effectiveness of the novel method was validated.
PCB Defect Detection Based on Improved Deep Learning Model
Authors: Tseng Shih-Hsien , Kuo Chi
Published: July 2024

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) play a critical role in electronic products. Ensuring these products’ long-term reliability and consistent performance requires effective PCB defect detection. Although existing deep learning models for PCB defect detection are not highly accurate, they often neglect capability considerations. This paper introduces a precise, fast, and lightweight defect detection model, CCG-YOLO, based on an enhanced YOLOv5 model to address this issue. The enhancements in CCG-YOLO can be summarized as follows: (1) Improved Backbone network: The feature extraction ability of the Backbone network is enhanced by introducing a C3HB module, which fosters spatial interaction capabilities. (2) Lightweight feature fusion network: A lightweight convolution structure called Ghost-Shuffle Convolution is incorporated in the feature fusion network, remarkably reducing model parameters while maintaining performance. (3) Efficient residual networking: To enhance model performance further, a CNeB module is introduced based on the ConvNeXt network, which replaces the C3 module in the Neck. CNeB improves model detection accuracy and reduces the number of model parameters. The combination of these enhancements results in impressive performance. CCG-YOLO achieves mean average precision (mAP@0.5) of 99.5% and 88.75% in mAP@0.5:0.95 on the TDD-Net public dataset. Compared with the original YOLOv5s algorithm, CCG-YOLO offers a 4.24% improvement in mAP@0.5:0.95, a 1[Formula: see text]MB reduction in model size, a 0.472[Formula: see text]M decrease in the number of parameters, a 0.6G floating point operation reduction in computational complexity, and a 120 frames per second real-time inference speed. These experimental results underscore that the proposed model excels in accuracy and speed and has a compact size for PCB defect detection. Moreover, CCG-YOLO is easily deployable on low-end devices, making it well-suited for meeting the real-time requirements of industrial defect detection.
Reconfigurable Image Confusion Scheme Using Large Period Pseudorandom Bit Generator Based on Coupled-Variable Input LCG and Clock Divider
Authors: Gupta Mangal Deep , Chauhan R. K.
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a reconfigurable image confusion scheme, which uses Linear Congruential Generators (LCGs)-based Pseudorandom Bits Generator (PRBG). The PRBG is based on the variable input-coupled LCG with a reconfigurable clock divider. The proposed algorithm encrypts the input image up to four times successively using different random sequences in every attempt. This new scheme aims to efficiently extract statistically strong pseudorandom sequences from a proposed PRBG with a large keyspace and simultaneously increase the security level of the encrypted image. This PRBG was initially designed on Virtex-5 (XC5VLX110T), Virtex-7 (XC7VX330T) and Artix-7 (XC7A100T) Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). The statistical properties of the proposed PRBG for four different configurations are verified by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) tests. Thereafter, a reconfigurable encryption/decryption algorithm that uses the proposed PRBG is developed for secure image encryption. The encryption process was accomplished using the MATLAB tool after obtaining the PRBG keys from the FPGA. To show the quality and strength of the encryption process, security analysis [correlations and Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR)] is performed. Security analysis results are compared with the conventional encryption algorithm to show that the developed reconfigurable encryption scheme provides better results in security tests.
Study of Large Strain OFDR Sensor Based on Inclined Transfer Structure
Authors: Tong Zhengrong , Li Sibo , Li Peng
Published: July 2024

In the fields of structural health monitoring, civil engineering safety monitoring, aerospace and other fields, the key challenge is to increase the range of strain measurements to solve with the information monitoring of large strains. Reducing the strain sensitivity of the sensor is an important way to solve the problem of small sensor ranges. In this paper, the inclined transfer structure is proposed to achieve large strain distributed optical fiber sensing. When the fiber is axially stretched directly to fracture, the inclined transfer structure is used to increase the strain measurement range of the system. The theoretical relationship between the strain monitored by single mode fiber sensors and the matrix strain is established. It is experimentally verified that the inclined transfer structure using polypropylene material as the matrix achieves the strain measurement from 36667[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] at sensing spatial resolution of 8[Formula: see text]mm, 10[Formula: see text]nm wavelength tuning range of the laser source and [Formula: see text] inclined angle, obtaining a good linear fit of more than 0.99. One hour stability of less than 11[Formula: see text]pm is obtained, corresponding to the strain of 9[Formula: see text][Formula: see text].
TM-Informer-Based Prediction for Railway Ground Surface Settlement
Authors: Wen Kebing , Liang Qinghuai
Published: July 2024

With the acceleration of urbanization, subway construction has become a key part of urban development. However, shield construction often needs to cross existing railway lines, which requires accurate prediction of ground surface settlement of railway operation facilities to ensure railway safety and smooth construction. The existing Internet of Things (IOT) ground surface settlement prediction mainly relies on deep learning algorithms, but these algorithms are often difficult to take into account the extraction of local features and the capture of global features when processing long time sequence data, resulting in the prediction effect is affected when processing long-term dependent ground surface settlement data. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a ground surface settlement prediction method based on T-BiGRU Mask Multi-Head Self-Attention Informer (TM-Informer). First, T-BiGRU is introduced into the model to effectively cover a wide range of time scales and extract the local feature of the settlement sequence data. Second, Mask Multi-Head Self-Attention (MMSA) is used to effectively solve the long-term dependence problem in long time sequence settlement data prediction and enhance the global feature capture ability of the model. In this paper, TM-Informer is compared with Informer, Transformer and LSTM by four evaluation indexes MSE, MAE, RMSE and MAPE. The experimental results show that the MSE, MAE, RMSE and MAPE of TM-Informer are 0.301, 0.432, 0.548 and 2.617, respectively, which are 0.08, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.26 higher than those of Informer, which proves the effectiveness of TM-Informer in railway ground surface settlement monitoring.
Extended Association Rule Mining and Its Application to Software Engineering Data Sets
Authors: Saito Hidekazu , Nishiura Kinari , Monden Akito , Morisaki Shuji
Published: July 2024

Association rule mining is a highly effective approach to data analysis for datasets of varying sizes, accommodating diverse feature values. Nevertheless, deriving practical rules from datasets with numerical variables presents a challenge, as these variables must be discretized beforehand. Quantitative association rule mining addresses this issue, allowing the extraction of valuable rules. This paper introduces an extension to quantitative association rules, incorporating a two-variable function in their consequent part. The use of correlation functions, statistical test functions, and error functions is also introduced. We illustrate the utility of this extension through three case studies employing software engineering datasets. In case study 1, we successfully pinpointed the conditions that result in either a high or low correlation between effort and software size, offering valuable insights for software project managers. In case study 2, we effectively identified the conditions that lead to a high or low correlation between the number of bugs and source lines of code, aiding in the formulation of software test planning strategies. In case study 3, we applied our approach to the two-step software effort estimation process, uncovering the conditions most likely to yield low effort estimation errors.
A branch group in a class of non-contracting weakly regular branch groups
Authors: Saha Sagar , Krishna K. V.
Published: July 2024

We provide a class of non-contracting groups containing an infinite family of fractal and weakly regular branch groups, and study certain properties including abelianization, just infiniteness, and word problem. We present an example of a branch group in this class and show that it is of exponential growth. It seems this is the first example of a non-contracting branch group constructed explicitly.
Mal’cev complexes
Authors: Moorhead Andrew
Published: July 2024

It is well known that an equivalence relation is invariant under the basic operations of an algebra if and only if it is invariant under the unary polynomials of the algebra. We show that a higher arity version of this property holds for a higher dimensional analogue of an equivalence relation. It follows that the [Formula: see text]-ary hypercommutator for an algebra is determined by its [Formula: see text]-ary polynomials. We construct examples to show that this fails for every arity of the term condition higher commutator.
Fuzzy Rule-Based Heterogeneous Domain Adaptive: A Case Study of Particle Motion in Flow Field from Simulation to Experiment
Authors: Liu Changguo , Nie Jing , Li Yang , Li Jingbin , Qiao Yujie
Published: July 2024

In fluid mechanics research, understanding the motion behavior of particles in a flow field is crucial for comprehending particle transport, mixing, and deposition processes. However, due to the complex interactions between particles and fluids, a single method is insufficient to accurately describe the particle motion. To tackle this problem, this study proposes an unsupervised heterogeneous domain adaptation method based on fuzzy principles, called Particle Flow Motion Analysis (PMFA). First, the data originating from both the source and target domains are preprocessed and subjected to Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Then, fuzzy rules are introduced for feature selection. Finally, the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) algorithms are employed to optimize the distribution disparities and correlations between the heterogeneous domains. By constructing domain adaptation tasks and comparing with five other methods, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated. The results demonstrate that the PFMA achieves an average accuracy of 89.44%, an average recall rate of 85.87%, and an [Formula: see text]1 value of 89.26% across four tasks, outperforming the other five comparative methods. The proposed method holds significant importance in gaining in-depth understanding of particle motion phenomena in fluids and revealing the underlying physical mechanisms and patterns.
Rolling Bearing Fault Detection Using Domain Adaptation-Based Anomaly Detection
Authors: Qin Liantong
Published: July 2024

Rolling bearings play an important role in rotating machinery. According to statistics, rolling bearings cause one-third faults of rotating machinery. Once a rolling bearing malfunctions, it may induce maintenance, affect work efficiency, or even cause the entire equipment to malfunction. Therefore, accurately determining the operating status of bearings is of great significance for maintaining the health of the rotating machinery. Most current fault detections of rolling bearing works focus on traditional anomaly detection models which assume the training set to follow the same distribution of test set. This assumption does not hold in fault detection of rolling bearings across different conditions and traditional anomaly detection models may be invalid. This paper introduces domain adaptation anomaly detection (DAAD) in the fault detection of rolling bearings to address this issue. DAAD can adapt anomaly detection across different distributions. The experiments of rolling bearing fault detection under single condition or across different condition show that DAAD is superior to most of the traditional anomaly detection models.
ADVANCEMENTS IN BIOPOLYMER-BASED NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: VIGNESH P. , GOPALARAMA SUBRAMANIYAN G.
Published: July 2024

Due to their great physical and mechanical behaviors, polymers have become essential in various industries. Polymers have been produced using chemical monomer synthesis, potentially dangerous non-biodegradable waste in the environment. Therefore, biopolymers are introduced, and organic compounds are found in natural sources as monomeric units. Also, biopolymers were discovered to be biodegradable and biocompatible, and these biopolymers are beneficial in numerous applications. Natural plant fibers have drawn more attention recently as potential reinforcing materials. The composites made with natural fibers have excellent mechanical and thermal characteristics. Materials made of natural fibers are inexpensive, recyclable, and environmentally beneficial. These natural fibers are excellent candidates to replace conventional fibers due to their biodegradability and eco-friendliness. The adhesion between the fibers and matrix has the most impact on the mechanical characteristics of composites. The mechanical characteristics of the composites were improved by combining chemical and physical modification techniques to increase fiber–matrix adhesion. The main objective of this study is to provide a thorough understanding of common types of biopolymers, various natural fibers, fillers, chemical treatments, and the performance of biopolymers and their composites-reinforced natural fibers. Moreover, the characterization and application of various biopolymers and composites were reviewed.
Periodic solutions of Lagrangian systems under small perturbations
Authors: Izydorek Marek , Janczewska Joanna , Waterstraat Nils
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we consider the existence of periodic solutions of Lagrangian systems of the form [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a [Formula: see text]-function in the sense of Trudinger, [Formula: see text] are [Formula: see text]-smooth, [Formula: see text]-periodic in the time variable [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is a real parameter. We prove the existence of a [Formula: see text]-periodic solution [Formula: see text] for any sufficiently small [Formula: see text], and show that the found solutions converge to a [Formula: see text]-periodic solution of the unperturbed system if [Formula: see text] tends to [Formula: see text]. Let us stress that our theorem only makes a natural assumption on the potential [Formula: see text] and no additional assumption on [Formula: see text] except that it is continuously differentiable. Its proof requires to work in a rather unusual (mixed) Orlicz–Sobolev space setting, which bears several challenges.
A new invariant on 3-dimensional manifolds and applications
Authors: Ge Yuxin , Li Mingxiang , Lian Zhao
Published: July 2024

In this work, we study a functional involving the generalized scalar curvatures and prove a spherical sphere theorem under some pinching condition of this quantity. As an application, we define a new invariant on [Formula: see text]-dimensional manifolds and use it to study the topology of manifolds.
On the Dirichlet problem for fractional Laplace equation on a general domain
Authors: Liu Chenkai , Zhuo Ran
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we study the weak strong uniqueness of the Dirichlet type problems of fractional Laplace (Poisson) equations. We construct the Green’s function and the Poisson kernel. We then provide a somewhat sharp condition for the solution to be unique. We also show that the solution under such condition exists and must be given by our Green’s function and Poisson kernel. In doing these, we establish several basic and useful properties of the Green’s function and Poisson kernel. Based on these, we obtain some further a priori estimates of the solutions. Surprisingly those estimates are quite different from the ones for the local type elliptic equations such as Laplace equations. These are basic properties to the fractional Laplace equations and can be useful in the study of related problems.