bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of pain syndrome in children of non-oncology palliative group
Authors: Nahorna Olga , Grygus Igor
Published: February 2024

Annotation. In the process of rehabilitation examination, the assessment of pain in children of the palliative non-oncological group is a difficult task. This is due to a number of reasons: reduced communication skills, unclear pathogenesis, etiology, nature of pain. At the same time, identifying the pain syndrome and suppressing it will provide comfort to the child and confidence to the parents.

The purpose of the study: analysis of pain syndrome in children who need palliative non-oncological care.

Research methods: empirical methods (comparison, description, measurement), theoretical method (axiomatic), general logical methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization), pain intensity assessment scales.

Research results.

To assess the intensity of pain, the following were used: children's scale for pain assessment by facial expressions of Wong-Baker (1988) – 10 (21,3%) children, assessment of pain in children who cannot speak or with speech disorders (from 6 months to 7 years old) – FLACC scale – 10 (21,3%) children, visual analog scale (VAS) – 19 (40,4%), KUSS (1998) children's pain assessment scale – 8 (17,0%). The results of the assessment of pain intensity are interpreted in the ICF qualifier «b 280 feeling of pain». The results of the survey revealed the following indicators: b 280.4 absolute violations were found in 14 children, b 280.3 severe violations were recorded in 26 children, b 280.2 moderate violations were detected in 6 children, 280.1 mild violations in one child. At the same time, the survey showed that most often children express or complain about pain of various concentrations: in the muscles of the lower limbs – «Minor pain» – 4 (8,5%), «Mild pain» – 5 (10,6%), «Moderate pain» – 27 (57,4%), «Severe pain» – 8 (17,0%), «Excessive pain» – 3 (6,3%); in the muscles of the shoulder girdle: «Slight pain» – 12 (25,5%), «Mild pain» – 12 (25,5%), «Moderate pain» – 11 (23,4%), «Severe pain» – 9 (39,1%), «Excessive pain» – 3 (6,3%); in the back: «Minor pain» – 7 (15,8%), «Mild pain» – 13 (27,6%), «Moderate pain» – 11 (23,4%), «Severe pain» – 10 (21,2%), «Excessive pain» – 6 (12,7%); unexplained pain manifested by crying: «Slight pain» – 11 (23,4%), «Mild pain» – 17 (36,1%), «Moderate pain» – 9 (39,1%),« Severe pain» – 7 (14,8%), «Excessive pain" – 3 (6,3%). There were no children who did not have pain.

Clarifying the localization of pain contributed to the idea that musculoskeletal problems caused by hypodynamia, long-term immobilization, forced pathological position of the body provoke a significant share of discomfort.

Conclusion. Thus, there is a need to include pain assessment in the complex of rehabilitation examination of children with disabilities in order to form an integrated approach to the rehabilitation program.
Painful eccrine spiradenoma containing nerve fibers in the forearm: a case report
Authors: Kim Tae Hyun , Jeong Seong Heum , Ha Hyun Jeong , Kim Chung Hun
Published: February 2024

Eccrine spiradenomas are rare benign adnexal tumors that originate from the eccrine glands. They mainly arise in the head, neck, and upper trunk of young adults and are sometimes accompanied by pain and tenderness. Although spontaneous pain is a typical symptom of eccrine spiradenoma, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We report the case of a patient who had a spiradenoma in the subcutaneous tissue of the left forearm that was accompanied by agonizing pain triggered by pressure. A 42-year-old man who had undergone surgical excision of a left forearm mass 5 years ago presented for relapsed pain and a palpable mass at the previous excision site. The agonizing pain had been triggered a few days ago, in response to even a slight touch. The mass measured approximately 0.8×0.8 mm, and ther e were no changes visible around the scar. Irregularly shaped masses, each measuring approximately 5 mm, were removed with a 2-mm safety margin from the subcutaneous fat. A histopathologic examination revealed the resected nodules were surrounded by delicate fibrous capsules, some parts of which contained blood vessels and prominent thickened nerve fibers. By the time of the 6-month follow-up, the masses had not recurred, and the biopsy site was well maintained without pain. We describe the surgical and histopathologic findings of an isolated eccrine spiradenoma accompanied by recurrent agonizing pain. The peculiar microscopic arrangement of the thickened nerve fibers encasing the nodule of eccrine spiradenoma may correlate with its pain mechanism.
Nursing care competencies for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ayer Mavis
Published: February 2024

The UK Multiple Sclerosis Specialist Nurse Association's competency document, which was originally developed in 2008, aims to educate and increase awareness of multiple sclerosis among both specialist nurses and other non-specialist professionals. The latest document—revised in 2024—aims to showcase the most up-to-date information and serves not only as daily practice guidelines, but also promotes safe and effective practice in multiple sclerosis care.
Making bladder management a priority for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Thomas Sue
Published: February 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) can result in uro-neurological dysfunction, leading to a range of different urological problems that are distressing to the patient and costly for the NHS. Sue Thomas outlines why bladder management in MS needs greater focus to alleviate both negative patient experience and the financial burden of urinary dysfunction on the NHS.
When not to do a penetration test
Authors: Schugar Frank
Published: February 2024

Penetration testing has become an essential tool in assessing an organisation's security posture. And in many sectors, regular pen-testing is mandated. But it is not how you begin your cyber security journey – something that is frequently misunderstood. Pen-testing should come at the end, to verify that the security technologies and processes you have implemented are up to the task.
Otiorhynchus aurifer Boheman, 1842, O. pseudonothus Apfelbeck, 1897 and Pachyrhinus lethierryi Desbrochers des Loges, 1875: Three new non-native weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae) in Romania
Authors: OLARIU TUDOR-SEBASTIAN , PINTILIOAIE ALEXANDRU-MIHAI , YUNAKOV NIKOLAI
Published: February 2024

The first documented occurrences of Otiorhynchus aurifer, O. pseudonothus, and Pachyrhinus lethierryi in Romania are given. The hotspot analysis (occurrence density, Getis-Ord Gi* statistic, and Kernel density estimation) indicates global bilateral clustering of Otiorhynchus aurifer in Western Europe + Great Britain Island and the Black Sea region and local clustering in Marseille and Burgas + Istanbul, suggesting that these locations are likely the main gateways for further expansion. The major local clustering of O. pseudonothus is in Vienna, and secondary clusters are in Bruges, Amsterdam, and Denmark. This species reached East Europe including Russia, Ukraine, and Romania in the early 2020s. The analysis identifies Paris as a crucial gateway for the westward expansion of Pachyrhinus lethierryi. Potential vectors for O. auriferinclude various Lauraceae and Oleaceae, with a preference for wild privet (Ligustrum vulgare), shared with O. pseudonothus. Northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis) emerges as a potent coniferous vector in the spread of O. pseudonothus and P. lethierryi. The trade of potted conifers, particularly Christmas trees, is believed to contribute to the long-distance transportation of O. pseudonothus. While the establishment of O. pseudonothus and P. lethierryi remains unconfirmed, O. aurifer is likely established in Agigea. O. aurifer, a non-native inhabitant of Western European urban areas, demonstrates adaptability to both urban and disturbed natural biotopes in the Black Sea region.
Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Mucilage Extraction from Dioscorea alata Tuber
Authors:   Agricultural Engineering Science, IPB University, P. O. BOX 220, Bogor 16002, Indonesia, Fortuna Dewi , Darmawati Emmy ,   IPB University, P. O. BOX 220, Bogor 16002, Indonesia, Sunarti Titi Candra ,   IPB University, P. O. BOX 220, Bogor 16002, Indonesia, Mardjan Sutrisno Suro ,   IPB University, P. O. BOX 220, Bogor 16002, Indonesia, Widayanti Siti Mariana ,   Research Centre for Agroindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, Indonesia, Yuliana Nancy Dewi ,   IPB University, P. O. BOX 220, Bogor 16002, Indonesia, Purwanti Nanik ,   IPB University, P. O. BOX 220, Bogor 16002, Indonesia
Published: February 2024

Dioscorea alata mucilage (DAM) is a water-soluble polysaccharide and is composed of glucomannan. In this research, mucilages from D. alata were extracted using Response surface methodology (RSM) with a Central Composite Design (CCD) followed by distance-based optimality design, with three independent variables applied, i.e., temperature (4 – 60°C), time (0 – 30 h), and centrifugal speed (1.386 – 22.615×g). The maximum DAM yield was 5.89% ± 0.50%, which was obtained with an extraction temperature of 36.2°C for 13.3 h extraction time and centrifugation at 12,322×g. The regression model from RSM – CCD predicted that the maximum DAM yield was 5.47%, with R2 of 99.59% and adjusted R2 of 97.72%, which shows a significant correlation between the experimental and predicted values. The DAM is a complex material that mainly contains polysaccharides, i.e., β-pyranose forms of glucose and mannose, with low protein content. Water and oil holding capacity of the DAM powder were 8.43 g/g and 5.08 g/g, respectively, which considered as the highest compared to other similar studies. Keywords: Dioscorea alata mucilage, Extraction, Optimization, Response surface methodology, Physicochemical properties
Atividade experimental para o ensino de física: efeito fotoelétrico
Authors: Corci Batista Danilo , Corci Batista Michel , Polonia Altoé Fusinato Polonia , Rodrigues dos Santos Oscar
Published: February 2024

Diante das dificuldades no processo de ensino - aprendizagem de Física Moderna (FM) no ensino médio, cabe a nós professores estabelecermos estratégias para mudar essa realidade. Nesse artigo, apresentamos um experimento simples e de baixo custo para alunos de terceiro ano do ensino médio que possibilita uma melhor compreensão do efeito fotoelétrico. A atividade experimental é uma importante ferramenta no ensino de Física, pois, possibilita que a aprendizagem se torne mais dinâmica, motivando a participação dos alunos e promovendo melhorias em seu desempenho.
Arthroplasty in Ochronotic Arthropathy: 3 Replacements in a Single Patient with a Long-term Follow-up of 11 Years
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Amandeep Hospital, Amritsar, Punjab, India., Singh Avtar , Thorat Babaji S ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Amandeep Hospital, Amritsar, Punjab, India., Jaspal Atul ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Amandeep Hospital, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Alkaptonuria is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by the defective metabolism of homogentisic acid, with a rare course and remained undetected even until adulthood. Ochronotic arthropathy is one of the manifestations of alkaptonuria, predominantly affecting weight bearing joints such as spine, hip, and knee. Total joint arthroplasty is treatment of choice in end-stage arthritis of hip and knee. Owing to the rarity of the disease, limited data is available in literature regarding surgical challenges and long-term functional outcomes. Case Report: Herein, we present a case of 43-year-old male with ochronotic arthropathy of bilateral hip, right knee, and bilateral elbow joints with involvement of spine, who was incidentally diagnosed with ochronotic arthropathy intraoperatively and underwent sequential arthroplasty for right hip followed by right knee and left hip over a period of 10 years. At 11 years’ follow-up, the patient has full mobility with no loosening of implants. Conclusion: The long-term results of total joint arthroplasty in ochronotic arthropathy are good. Surgeon should be aware of the difficulty in soft tissue balancing and possible complications in the ochronotic arthropathy and require a conscientious approach to avoid complications. Keywords: Alkaptonuria, ochronosis, ochronotic arthropathy, total knee arthroplasty, total hip arthroplasty.
Delay in Time to Diagnosis of Idiopathic Transient Osteoporosis of the Hip with Radiographs: Diagnostic Insights from a Series of 10 Cases
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,, Mathur Bhavya , Sakthivel Manoharan ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Karur, Tamil Nadu, India,, Annamalai Saravanan ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Thiruvallur Medical College, Thiruvallur, Tamil Nadu, India,, Muthu Sathish ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Karur, Tamil Nadu, India, Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India., Sameer Mohamed ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH) is a poorly recognized self-limiting clinical entity. Due to a lack of awareness among the clinicians, the condition is often misdiagnosed leading to inappropriate treatment, thereby lengthening the time to diagnosis (TTD). In this study, we analyze the delay in TTD of TOH using plain radiographs and present the optimal management strategy. Case Report: We retrospectively collected the data of patients who were diagnosed with TOH from March 2017 to March 2022. A total of 10 patients with a mean age of 43.7 years (range 33–56 years) were included in the study. The mean time to presentation from the onset of symptoms was 4 weeks (range 2–8 weeks) Radiologic evaluation with radiographs was sensitive in only 8 patients with osteopenia, whereas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was sensitive in all the patients and aided in early diagnosis of TOH. Radiographic evaluation alone leads to a mean delay in TTD of 1.6 weeks (range 0–8 weeks) in our study. All the patients were treated conservatively without any major complications. Conclusion: Plain radiographs were not sensitive in the early detection of TOH and increased the TTD by 1.6 weeks, however, MRI imaging was found to be highly sensitive and specific in diagnosing TOH. Keywords: Avascular necrosis, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, transient osteoporosis of the hip, magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray.
Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation (Nora’s Lesion) Of the Second Proximal Phalanx Encasing the Flexor Tendon of the Foot: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain,, Madan Fatema H , Aradi Hasan Ali ,   Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain,, Alsooreti Ahmed ,   Department of Radiology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain,, Almahari Sayed Ali ,   Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain., Husain Rola ,   Department of Radiology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain,, Rahma Mohamed ,   Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain,
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation (BPOP) is a rare benign lesion commonly referred to as Nora’s lesion. It typically affects adults in their 20s–30s. Due to its aggressive local invasion, it can be confused with some malignant tumors, including chondrosarcoma. Nora’s lesion can be diagnosed radiographically, and its diagnosis is confirmed with an excisional biopsy. Case Report: A 40-year-old Bahraini male complained of swelling over the metatarsal head of the second digit, increasing in size over a year. He also complained of a reduced range of motion of the second toe and a pins-and-needles sensation affecting the entire toe. Plain X-ray, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging were done, showing findings suggestive of bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous. The lesion was encasing the flexor tendon of the second digit. He was treated with surgical excision, and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of BPOP. Conclusion: We report on a rare presentation of BPOP in the second proximal phalanx of a male in his 40 s. The patient underwent a wide local excision, and the diagnosis was confirmed with histopathology. Keywords: Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation, Nora’s lesion, bone tumors, benign tumors, flexor tendon.
Bilateral Upper-Extremity Acute Exertional Compartment Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors:   Washington State University, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Spokane, Washington, USA,, Parhar Kanwar Partap S , Frolov David ,   Washington State University, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Spokane, Washington, USA,, Dolgov Vadim ,   Washington State University, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Spokane, Washington, USA,, Quan Michael ,   Washington State University, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Spokane, Washington, USA,, Schmitz Miguel A ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Alpine Orthopaedic and Spine, Spokane, Washington, USA.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Acute exertional compartment syndrome (AECS) is a condition with the potential for devastating outcomes if not promptly treated. Physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion when evaluating patients presenting with pain, swelling, decreased range of motion, and numbness within a muscle compartment. However, AECS is frequently misdiagnosed due to a multitude of factors, leading to a delay in treatment. In this case report, we would like to shed light on a rare case of bilateral upper-extremity AECS and suggest the treatment paradigm we believe will help prevent negative outcomes. Case Presentation: A previously healthy 33-year-old male presented with bilateral weakness, tingling, tenderness, swelling, and pain upon movement in the trapezius and deltoid muscles. The symptoms started after he performed “burpees” for 18 h following a 12-h forest-fire firefighting shift. The patient’s rapidly developing clinical presentation warranted compartmental pressure checks for suspicion of AECS. Being able to quickly determine the elevated trapezius, deltoid, and supraspinatus compartmental pressures allowed us to perform immediate bilateral fasciotomies with delayed primary closure to relieve compartment pressure. Conclusion: The delay in treatment for patients presenting with AECS is multifactorial and may lead to devastating outcomes if not promptly addressed. The lack of literature regarding bilateral upper-extremity AECS makes the treatment for this condition even more difficult. For our patient, having a proper criterion for performing compartmental pressure checks played a vital role in ensuring an accurate diagnosis and timely medical intervention. Keywords:Compartment syndrome, acute compartment syndrome, acute exertional compartment syndrome, fasciotomy.
Percutaneous Tenotomy for Chronic Tennis Elbow: A Minimally Invasive Technique with Better Outcomes – A Case Series
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Himachal Pradesh, India., Sharma Vipin , Kumar Anu ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Himachal Pradesh, India., Parashar Aakash ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Himachal Pradesh, India., Rai Vikramaditya ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Himachal Pradesh, India., Kumar Vipan ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Himachal Pradesh, India., Udiwal Harshita ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Published: February 2024

Background: Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis elbow) is a self-limiting disease of indeterminate pathogenesis. Conservative therapy is the treatment of choice. In chronic tennis elbow with failure of conservative therapy; surgical treatment is a method of choice. Percutaneous tenotomy of extensor origin for patients with chronic tennis elbow is a minimally invasive technique with better long-term outcomes. Case Report: Ten patients (six males, four females) presented with chronic tennis elbow, who did not respond to conservative treatment/non-surgical intervention for more than 6 months underwent percutaneous tenotomy in an outpatient setting. Two patients were lost to follow-up at 2 months’ post-operative. The remaining eight patients were evaluated at a mean follow-up of 3 years and assessed using the numerical rating scale, disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire ,and Oxford elbow score. These scores had a statistically significant difference in baseline to 3-year follow-up values (P < 0.05). No adverse outcomes, recurrence of symptoms, and signs of lateral epicondylitis elbow were noted and none required open surgical release. Conclusion: Percutaneous tenotomy, a minimally invasive technique is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for chronic tennis elbow and gives good pain relief and functional recovery. Keywords: Extensor carpi radialis brevis, lateral epicondylitis, percutaneous tenotomy, tennis elbow.
VOICES IN CONFLICT: EXPLORING MEMORY AND MULTIPLICITY IN 'THE SYMPATHIZER'
Authors: Gheytasi Sajjad
Published: February 2024

The present study explores the intricate narrative strategy in The Sympathizer by Viet Thanh Nguyen to critique the concept of unjust memory. Through a metatextual approach centered on nested narratives, the novel integrates diverse voices, encompassing American, South Vietnamese, and North Vietnamese characters. Contrasting voices challenge the notion of a singular history, unveiling the multiplicity of narratives. Conflicting voices vie for control over historical memory, aiming to legitimize their actions regardless of their impact on human rights. This study contributes to understanding the intricate dynamics of memory manipulation within historical narratives, shedding light on the multifarious nature of memory’s construction.
'HAMLET' EN EL REINO INFANTIL ESCANDINAVO DE 'FANNY Y ALEXANDER' DE INGMAR BERGMAN
Authors: Cortés Vieco Francisco José
Published: February 2024

El escritor y director de cine Ingmar Bergman recolecta ingredientes del universo de Hamlet, tragedia de William Shakespeare, que condimentan su célebre Fanny y Alexander, obra que abre y cierra el telón en la vida de la familia Ekdahl, artistas suecos de ficción del siglo xx, que deambulan desde el orden al caos, desde la desgracia al júbilo y la alegría. La idolatría de Bergman hacia el genial dramaturgo renacentista es germen que fecunda su original creación polimórfica ―relato escrito, película y serie de televisión― con fuerte vocación escénica, y teje un enriquecedor intertexto entre Hamlet y Fanny y Alexander, además de alimentar una simbiosis entre sus respectivos protagonistas: el príncipe danés y un niño sueco. Desterrando cualquier intencionalidad de imitar a Hamlet, la obra de Bergman glorifica la idea común del teatro dentro del teatro, indaga en la condición humana y entroniza la evolución shakesperiana de sus personajes y acontecimientos.
DEUTSCHE KOLONIALGESCHICHTE IN AFRIKA UND BRASILIEN: EINE REFLEXION ZU LITERATUR, ERINNERUNG UND TRADITION
Authors: Jaeckel Volker Karl Lothar , Gomes de Oliveira Gabriela
Published: February 2024

Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit der deutschen Kolonialgeschichte in Afrika und in Brasilien. Der deutsche Kolonialismus war von einer rücksichtslosen Ausbeutung und Unterdrückung der einheimischen Bevölkerung geprägt. Die Bewältigung dieser Vergangenheit hat sich in beiden Regionen auf unterschiedliche Weise entwickelt. Besonders in Afrika hat die Auseinandersetzung mit der Kolonialzeit in den letzten Jahrzehnten an Bedeutung gewonnen und findet vor allem in politischen und wissenschaftlichen Diskursen statt. Zahlreiche Autorinnen und Autoren haben sich in ihren Werken mit der Vergangenheit auseinandergesetzt und so einen wichtigen Beitrag zur gesellschaftlichen Debatte geleistet. Als Beispiel dafür gilt der Roman Morenga von dem deutschen Schriftsteller Uwe Timm. Die Literatur trägt dazu bei, das Bewusstsein für die Verantwortung Deutschlands und anderer Kolonialmächte für die Folgen des Kolonialismus zu schärfen.
Novos cenários da Geografia das Fintechs no Brasil. A disputa territorial pelo mercado de serviços
Authors: Pires Hindenburgo Francisco
Published: February 2024

Este artigo é o resultado de pesquisas recentes sobre a expansão, no território brasileiro, de estruturas virtuais de acumulação produzidas por empresas usuárias de tecnologias financeiras de contabilidade pública distribuída par-a-par (P2P), também chamadas de fintechs. A elaboração desse artigo exigiu a execução dos seguintes objetivos: a) analisar como a competição e a disputa por novos mercados e serviços financeiros influenciam a expansão territorial das fintechs; b) explicar como se dá a distribuição das áreas de prestação de serviços dessas empresas; c) analisar como e onde ocorrem o crescimento das empresas consumidoras de tecnologias blockchain; e, d) investigar como os processos de competição, distribuição, expansão e crescimento, estão alterando e reestruturando a oferta e a procura por serviços financeiros, no Brasil. Para o desenvolvimento metodológico dessa pesquisa, foram adotados três procedimentos: 1º. Realizar um levantamento bibliográfico no âmbito da geografia sobre as mudanças produzidas nas relações socioespaciais pelo uso da tecnologia blockchain das atividades econômicas; 2º. Consultar à várias bases de dados sobre empresas clientes da tecnologia blockchain no Brasil; 3º. Analisar como os sítios-webs de publicações, que direta ou indiretamente estão vinculadas à grandes grupos financeiros-empresariais, avaliam o desempenho dos bancos tradicionais e das novas fintechs, usuárias da tecnologia blockchain. Assim, espera-se que essa pesquisa venha contribuir para oferecer uma visão abrangente, sobre o surgimento e a expansão de novos serviços financeiros implementados pelas fintechs no Brasil.
cuadernos de María Zambrano como espacio del ensayo
Authors: Noguera Ortega Marta
Published: February 2024

El presente artículo propone leer los cuadernos de María Zambrano desde la perspectiva del ensayo, entendido como género literario y método de conocimiento. El análisis se aplica a sus cuadernos romanos, en los que aparece a las claras el desarrollo de un pensamiento en ciernes, fundamentado en la experiencia del sujeto. Estos rasgos los emparentan con los Ensayos de Montaigne, obra fundacional y modelo del género del que se alejan, no obstante, los ensayos publicados de la pensadora.
Hobbes i Lenin: de la gènesi a l’extinció de l’estat
Authors: Castellanos Corbera Roger
Published: February 2024

Thomas Hobbes és el principal artífex de la concepció moderna de la sobirania  política i, consegüentment, de la seva articulació en el que acabarà esdevenint l’estat  modern. La seva filosofia política cercarà els mecanismes per al manteniment de les  condicions de sobirania, concebudes com a única garantia per a la convivència pacífica  a la societat civil. D’altra banda, gairebé dos segles i mig després, Vladimir I. U. Lenin  sistematitzarà les contribucions de Marx i Engels sobre la teoria marxista de l’estat, en  què aquest es defineix com una maquinària, dictadura o bé organització o força especial  de repressió d’una classe per una altra, proposant-ne la presa per part de la classe opri mida i, en última instància, l’extinció per a la superació del conflicte social. Ens trobem  doncs davant de dos moments històrics i filosòfics en la genealogia de l’estat modern; a  saber, la teoria sobre la seva gènesi en Hobbes i la teoria sobre la seva extinció en Lenin.  En ambdós casos, es parteix d’una mateixa premissa: el conflicte real al present; i un  mateix propòsit: assolir la pau entre els éssers humans.
Electrophysiological (EEG) Correlates of Reward Effects on Early Sensory Perception in Humans
Authors: Verma Kundan Lal
Published: February 2024

Existing research suggests that reward system and sensory perception networks function in concert and that activation in one may influence the other; however, the dynamics of these influences remains poorly understood. There is general agreement regarding the existence of an interaction between bottom-up and top-down signals in perception and attentional processing. While it’s not absolutely sure what stages of perception are influenced by cognition, it has been assumed that cognitive input influences later categorization stages of visual processing, and that earlier stages are solely involved in the pure bottom up extraction of basic features of sensory signals. Several recent experiments have challenged this idea by showing that top-down modulation by cognition may extend to early visual stages of perception. Recent Electrophysiological studies have begun to probe the neural correlates of the interaction between attention/reward, perception and cognitive control in humans. . We posit that selection of the value of our choices and actions from multiple alternatives may cause suppression of the sensory representations of unselected, low value stimuli while the selected, high value stimuli are enhanced. The present project has been proposed to study the dynamics of this selective process where effects of various reward categories on attention and early sensory perception are tracked using behavioral and electrophysiological (EEG) techniques. Methods from neuroscience, signal processing, psychophysics and EEG tools will be used in the project.
La conexión cuerpo, mente y emociones, y su relación con la salud y enfermedad
Authors: Irazu Garitaonandia Leire , Campillo Soto Alvaro
Published: February 2024

La conexión entre el cuerpo y la mente es algo que el conocimiento científico actual no ha logrado comprender completamente y surge la necesidad de adoptar un nuevo enfoque en esta relación para abordar desafíos médicos, especialmente enfermedades físicas o mentales que carecen de soluciones efectivas con la medicina convencional debido a efectos secundarios o resistencia al tratamiento. 

La importancia de estar abierto a nuevas perspectivas, considerando que las intervenciones mente-cuerpo han sido investigadas durante miles de años es un aspecto crucial. Estas intervenciones, como ejercicios, meditaciones, técnicas de respiración y prácticas de conciencia, están siendo redescubiertas y demuestran cómo el cuerpo afecta a la mente y viceversa, mejorando el estado general de una persona y su calidad de vida, así como aliviando síntomas que anteriormente solo podían tratarse con medicamentos, muchas veces con efectos secundarios dañinos o no tolerados. 

Se mencionan aspectos como la conciencia, la regulación emocional, el estado corporal, el lenguaje, el sistema inmunológico y la nutrición como componentes que describen el estado de una persona en un momento dado de su vida. 

El texto concluye enfatizando la necesidad de realizar más investigaciones para obtener nueva información y soluciones que mejoren la calidad de vida humana y amplíen los límites del conocimiento. E idealmente, se promueve un enfoque holístico y multidisciplinario para abordar desafíos médicos y mejorar la salud y el bienestar de las personas.
Comunicación no verbal: el mensaje arquetípico de los gestos en la gárgola y su relación con el imaginario artístico actual
Authors: Yáñez Martínez Begoña
Published: February 2024

La Edad Media es una época altamente simbólica que comunica principalmente de modo no verbal. La gárgola participa de forma significativa de este simbolismo y capacidad comunicativa, pero es una de las representaciones artísticas que gozan de menor atención por parte de la Historia del Arte. Este estudio busca conectar su capacidad comunicativa no verbal con representaciones artísticas actuales. Estas sinergias nos permitirán establecer puentes entre el arte actual y la gárgola. El método consiste en un recorrido iterativo que va conectando los aspectos fundamentales de la gárgola con una selección de autores y obras actuales que comparten sus valores. Estas conexiones orientan hacia el respeto y la coherencia simbólica de unos y otros, y nos permiten acercar el aprendizaje de la gárgola desde el estudio del arte actual.
La relación entre la formación del profesorado y los museos: una investigación evaluativa en la asignatura de Museos y exposiciones como propuestas educativas
Authors: Castejón Ibáñez Magdalena
Published: February 2024

El presente texto expone los resultados de la investigación llevada a cabo en la asignatura de “Museos y exposiciones como propuestas educativas” (Grado en Educación Primaria de la Universidad de Murcia), que tuvo como fin principal conocer la percepción de los estudiantes con respecto a la actividad educativa de los museos y su potencial como recurso didáctico en Educación Primaria. La investigación estuvo enmarcada dentro del proyecto de innovación denominado “Diseño de recursos didácticos para educación primaria en colaboración con los museos de la Región de Murcia”. A través de cuestionarios de tipo cuantitativo y grupos de discusión se obtienen resultados que permiten, por un lado, estimar el efecto sobre los estudiantes de los contenidos trabajados en el aula, y, por otra parte, observar la relación entre los centros museísticos y los futuros maestros, con el fin de valorar la necesidad de ampliar los proyectos relacionados con la educación museística.
On the Historical Evolution of the Northern League in Italy
Authors: Mammone Andrea
Published: February 2024

In 2018, Italy’s newly formed government, which included the far right League, raised concerns among European political and financial elites. The international press portrayed the parties that won the elections as the (Eurosceptic) barbarians ready to besiege the city walls of Rome. In this article, I argue that hard-line anti-immigration policies were their most visible characteristic. In particular, I demonstrate that the League’s xenophobic approach was not new, as its precursors already promoted discrimination, and that the party moved from regionalism to the far right side of the political spectrum. I also question the party’s recent national(ist) shift, which seems to have been made uncritically and for pragmatic, electoral reasons. The article thus contributes to the history of the far right since the 1980s while demonstrating the usefulness of a historical methodology for scholars from other disciplines who work on right-wing prejudice.
Fratelli d’Italia y la utilización de los mitos fascistas en el estudio del pasado nacional: ¿continuidad o ruptura?
Authors: Vincenzini Andrea
Published: February 2024

Con la victoria de Fratelli d’Italia en las elecciones políticas del 25 de abril de 2022, el partido heredero de la “fiamma tricolore” del Movimento Sociale Italiano se ha encumbrado por primera vez en el poder. En este artículo analizamos las raíces ideológicas del partido liderado por Giorgia Meloni, su reivindicación de la figura de Giorgio Almirante y su colocación en el surco postfascista, nacionalista y conservador del panorama político italiano y europeo. Después examinaremos la concepción de la historia de Fratelli d’Italia que bascula entre la exaltación del 4 noviembre 1918 como fecha de la victoria italiana en la Gran Guerra y el desprecio disimulado hacia el 25 de abril de 1945, efeméride símbolo de la liberación de Italia del nazi-fascismo. En este sentido, el principal partido de la derecha italiana impugna los valores de la tradición y de la autoridad, menospreciando la Ilustración y exaltando las raíces griego-romanas y judeo-cristianas del Continente europeo. En este marco, la utilización de los mitos fascistas se circunscribe únicamente al Risorgimento y al papel de Italia en la Primera Guerra Mundial. Sin embargo, demostraremos como, a pesar de presentarse como un moderno partido de la derecha nacional-conservadora, Fratelli d’Italia sigue teniendo lazos inconfesables con la extrema derecha neofascista italiana, al tiempo que, a través de sus exponentes más representativos, continúa exhibiendo palabras y gestos de veneración publica hacia el Régimen mussoliniano.
La perspectiva de la Historia Ambiental: de la sensibilidad verde a la radicalidad ecológica
Authors: Armiero Marco , Soto David
Published: February 2024

En este número de «Segle XX» continuamos con el compromiso de presentar una sección dedicada al diálogo entre especialistas, con la finalidad de ofrecer a los lectores una herramienta ágil y útil a la vez para profundizar y poner sobre la mesa cuestiones relativas a distintos ámbitos y finalidades del estudio de la Historia. Con el propósito de contribuir a sondear el campo de la Historia Ambiental desde perspectivas y procedencias nacionales diferentes, en julio de 2023 celebramos el debate que presentamos en esta ocasión y que tuvo como protagonistas dos historiadores de reconocida trayectoria como Marco Armiero (Institut d’Història de la Ciència, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona & Institución Catalana de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados-ICREA) y David Soto Fernández (Centro de Investigación Interuniversitario de los Paisajes Atlánticos Culturales-CISPAC, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela).
Carlos Sambricio Rivera-Echegaray (ed.), La cultura arquitectónica en los años de la Transición, Universidad de Sevilla (Colección Arquitectura, n.º 46), Sevilla, 2022, 392 pp.
Authors: Cardesín Díaz José María
Published: February 2024

Recientemente el más que notable libro La cultura arquitectónica en los años de la Transición, coordinado por Carlos Sambricio, se veía reconocido con uno de los premios nacionales de edición universitaria. El acontecimiento editorial resulta lo suficientemente relevante como para que, intentando superar unas inevitables carencias de formación en la materia, este historiador especializado en el mundo contemporáneo se decida a redactar una reseña sobre dichaobra.
Menjar en temps de guerra. Joan Comorera front les necessitats alimentàries de la rereguarda
Authors: Toran Belver Rosa
Published: February 2024

A mesura que els colpistes conquerien territori, s’agreujaren els problemes de subministres a la rereguarda republicana, sent especialment crucial l’escassetat d’aliments. Des de les conselleries de Proveïments i d’Economia, Joan Comorera posà en marxa menjadors populars i restaurants econòmics. I, atesa la vulnerabilitat dels infants, organitzà menjadors infantils en els cines de Barcelona. L’experiència s’estengué a altres poblacions industrials i repercutí en les rutines de les dones, compromeses en realitzar el treball dels homes que estaven al front. El sosteniment dels menjadors infantils corria a càrrec d’unitats de l’Exèrcit Popular, amb l’objectiu de vincular el front i la rereguarda, sense deixar de banda la vessant educativa i els propòsits revolucionaris de l’endemà.
Teaching the Oresteia with Minority Report
Authors: Dugan Elena
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT: This article demonstrates a series of uncanny parallels between the Oresteia and the 2002 film Minority Report , and their import for our understanding of tragedy and film alike. I explore Minority Report ’s Agatha as a modern Cassandra (as has been covered in some literature before), and extend the analogy to pair John Anderton and Orestes, Lamar Burgess and Apollo, and Spielberg’s Washington, DC and Aeschylus’ Athens. I encourage every classicist who teaches the Oresteia to assign their students Minority Report , and to think about this film, and science-fiction more generally, as a new frontier in classical reception studies.
Intricacies and Issues in Interweaving Public Records to Illuminate the Enslaved Community at Papine Estate, Jamaica in the Early 1800s
Authors: Francis-Brown Suzanne
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Until an 1817 census mandated by the British government, the lives of enslaved individuals throughout the British West Indies remained outside the public record; the purview of largely unavailable plantation records and correspondence. Even the 1817 baseline and subsequent triennial returns provide very sparse information. Yet these and other public records can be interwoven to even dimly illuminate some of these majority populations, challenging the archival silences and contributing to our understanding of the character of lives within slavery. This article focuses on the Papine Estate, St Andrew, Jamaica, for which no estate records have been located, yet where this interweaving of diverse public records illuminates some aspects of the lives of the enslaved community and individuals, especially family—unusually including male as well as female participation.
Fabrication uncertainty guided design optimization of a photonic crystal cavity by using Gaussian processes
Authors: Plock Matthias , Binkowski Felix , Zschiedrich Lin , Schneider Philipp-Immanuel , Burger Sven
Published: February 2024

We present a fabrication uncertainty aware and robust design optimization approach that can be used to obtain robust design estimates for nonlinear, nonconvex, and expensive model functions. It is founded on Gaussian processes and a Monte Carlo sampling procedure, and assumes knowledge about the uncertainties associated with a manufacturing process. The approach itself is iterative. First, a large parameter domain is sampled in a coarse fashion. This coarse sampling is used primarily to determine smaller candidate regions to investigate in a second, more refined sampling pass. This finer step is used to obtain an estimate of the expected performance of the found design parameter under the assumed manufacturing uncertainties. We apply the presented approach to the robust optimization of the Purcell enhancement of a photonic crystal nanobeam cavity. We obtain a predicted robust Purcell enhancement of F¯P≈3.6. For comparison we also perform an optimization without robustness. We find that an unrobust optimum of FP≈256.5 dwindles to only F¯P≈0.7 when fabrication uncertainties are taken into account. We thus demonstrate that the presented approach is able to find designs of significantly higher performance than those obtained with conventional optimization.
Photon subtraction with a Mach–Zehnder interferometer and its application to entanglement enhancement
Authors: Zhang Shengli , Yang Song , Ma JingTing
Published: February 2024

Photon subtraction (PS) is an important operation for optic quantum information processing. Conventional PS is implemented using a single linear beam splitter (BS) and photon detector. However, in this study, we show that the PS effect can be enhanced using two beam splitters and an optional phase modulator. This can be considered PS with an extended version of the well-known Mach–Zehnder (MZ) interferometer. By tuning the transmittance of the two beam splitters and phase modulator, the probability of success can be considerably improved over that of the original PS scheme with a single BS and photon detector. Moreover, if applied to a single-photon input, our proposed scheme can even implement deterministic PS, which is almost impossible for the original scheme with a single BS and photon detector. Owing to the higher probability of success, applying the PSMZ method to the entanglement enhancement of a very weak two-mode squeezed vacuum state is straightforward. Our result is helpful for improving the yield of output entanglement.
Analysis of short-term polarization stability using Allan variance
Authors: Vidal Borja
Published: February 2024

The application of Allan variance to characterize the stability of optical signals affected by stochastic polarization fluctuations and the identification of the underlying power law noise processes is explored. Allan variance can ease the comparison regarding polarization stability of optical systems affected by polarization noise and define a near-optimum integration interval to reveal trends. Examples of the application of Allan variance to optical systems with stable polarization conditions show that white noise and random walk terms can be observed. Additionally, experiments show that the three Stokes parameters can exhibit different statistical behaviors in the Brownian-noise regime. Allan analysis can easily be used to define, in real-time systematically, the denoising strategy in polarization-based sensing and for the optimization of polarization-sensitive optical systems instead of the conventional approach relying on heuristics or information criteria.
Multi-dimensional cylindrical vector beam (de)multiplexing through cascaded wavelength- and polarization-sensitive metasurfaces
Authors: Chen Shuqing , Zhong Pin , Wu Haisheng , Chen Jiafu , Wang Peipei , Xie Zhiqiang , Huang Zebin , Liu Junmin , Fan Dianyuan , Li Ying
Published: February 2024

Cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) exhibit great potential for multiplexing communication, owing to their mode orthogonality and compatibility with conventional wavelength multiplexing techniques. However, the practical application of CVB multiplexing communication faces challenges due to the lack of effective spatial polarization manipulation technologies for (de)multiplexing multi-dimensional physical dimensions of CVBs. Herein, we introduce a wavelength- and polarization-sensitive cascaded phase modulation strategy that utilizes multiple coaxial metasurfaces for multi-dimensional modulation of CVBs. By leveraging the spin-dependent phase modulation mechanism, these metasurfaces enable the independent transformation of the two orthogonal polarization components of CVB modes. Combined with the wavelength sensitivity of Fresnel diffraction in progressive phase modulation, this approach establishes a high-dimensional mapping relationship among CVB modes, wavelengths, spatial positions, and Gaussian fundamental modes, thereby facilitating multi-dimensional (de)multiplexing involving CVB modes and wavelengths. As a proof of concept, we theoretically demonstrate a 9-channel multi-dimensional multiplexing system, successfully achieving joint (de)multiplexing of 3 CVB modes (1, 2, and 3) and 3 wavelengths (1550 nm, 1560 nm, and 1570 nm) with a diffraction efficiency exceeding 80%. Additionally, we show the transmission of 16-QAM signals across 9 channels with the bit-error-rates below 10−5. By combining the integrability of metasurfaces with the high-dimensional wavefront manipulation capabilities of multilevel modulation, our strategy can effectively address the diverse demands of different wavelengths and CVB modes in optical communication.
High-efficiency radiation-balanced Yb-doped silica fiber laser with 200-mW output
Authors: Balliu Enkeleda , Meehan Bailey , Cahoon Mary Ann , Hawkins Thomas W. , Ballato John , Dragic Peter D. , Boilard Tommy , Talbot Lauris , Bernier Martin , Digonnet Michel J. F.
Published: February 2024

The focus of this study was the development of a second generation of
fiber lasers internally cooled by anti-Stokes fluorescence. The laser
consisted of a length of a single-mode fiber spliced to fiber Bragg
gratings to form the optical resonator. The fiber was single-moded at
the pump (1040 nm) and signal (1064 nm) wavelengths. Its core was
heavily doped with Yb, in the initial form of CaF2
nanoparticles, and co-doped with Al to reduce quenching and improve
the cooling efficiency. After optimizing the fiber length (4.1 m) and
output-coupler reflectivity (3.3%), the fiber laser exhibited a
threshold of 160 mW, an optical efficiency of 56.8%, and a
radiation-balanced output power (no net heat generation) of 192 mW. On
all three metrics, this performance is significantly better than the
only previously reported radiation-balanced fiber laser, which is even
more meaningful given that the small size of the single-mode fiber
core (7.8-µm diameter). At the maximum output power (∼2 W), the
average fiber temperature was still barely above room temperature
(428 mK). This work demonstrates that with anti-Stokes pumping, it is
possible to induce significant gain and energy storage in a small-core
Yb-doped fiber while keeping the fiber cool.