bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three AgI, CuI and CdII coordination polymers based on the new asymmetrical ligand 2-{4-[(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole: syntheses, characterization and emission properties
Authors: Jin Guo-Xia , You Tian-Chao , Ma Jian-Ping
Published: November 2019

The new asymmetrical organic ligand 2-{4-[(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (L, C17H13N5O), containing pyridine and imidazole terminal groups, as well as potential oxdiazole coordination sites, was designed and synthesized. The coordination chemistry of L with soft AgI, CuI and CdII metal ions was investigated and three new coordination polymers (CPs), namely, catena-poly[[silver(I)-μ-2-{4-[(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole] hexafluoridophosphate], {[Ag(L)]PF6}
n
, catena-poly[[copper(I)-di-μ-iodido-copper(I)-bis(μ-2-{4-[(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole)] 1,4-dioxane monosolvate], {[Cu2I2(L)2]·C4H8O2}
n
, and catena-poly[[[dinitratocopper(II)]-bis(μ-2-{4-[(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole)]–methanol–water (1/1/0.65)], {[Cd(L)2(NO3)2]·2CH4O·0.65H2O}
n
, were obtained. The experimental results show that ligand L coordinates easily with linear AgI, tetrahedral CuI and octahedral CdII metal atoms to form one-dimensional polymeric structures. The intermediate oxadiazole ring does not participate in the coordination interactions with the metal ions. In all three CPs, weak π–π interactions between the nearly coplanar pyridine, oxadiazole and benzene rings play an important role in the packing of the polymeric chains.
A psychometric validation of the happiness at workplace scale
Authors: Rastogi Mansi
Published: November 2019

Purpose

With intention to promote growth of happiness literature in non-western settings and facilitate positive interventions at workplace, the purpose of this paper is to examine the psychometric properties and validate the short version of happiness at workplace (S-HAW) scale using knowledge workers’ sample in the Indian context.

Design/methodology/approach

The S-HAW scale was validated using data from 226 Indian knowledge workers from public and private sector organisations. The mixed-mode approach was used for collecting data, whereas factor structures, reliability and validity scores were also examined with the help of SPSS AMOS 21. The study included initial descriptive analysis, item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.

Findings

The results of the study discovered that psychometric properties of the S-HAW scale were similar to those of originally developed scale when applied in the Indian context. Hence, the higher-order structure was retained in Indian settings.

Originality/value

Despite the changes in work-related values and societal structures between Western and Asian nations, this study provides a significant contribution to empirically confirming that the different cultural scales can also show good fits in Collectivist cultures. The study can bridge the gap between Asian and Western nations with the uniform measure of HAW. Thus, more cross-cultural studies usually comparative in nature welcomed with S-HAW Indian version scale for knowledge workers.
Interactive performance measurement systems, self-profiling, job challenge and individual performance
Authors: Dahlan Muhammad , Yuliansyah Yuliansyah , Fadhilah Arief , Muafi Muafi , Al Shikhy Abdulrahman I. , Mohd Sanusi Zuraidah , Isa Yusarina Mat
Published: November 2019

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the extent to which interactive performance measurement systems (IPMS), self-profiling and job challenge can improve individual performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors study the service sector in companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. From 200 distributed questionnaires, they obtain 89 usable data points, which they analyse using SmartPLS.

Findings

The authors find that IPMS improves both self-profiling and job challenge. Both variables significantly boost individual performance.

Research limitations/implications

This study implies that managers can open communication channels to a subordinate to increase individual self-profiling that leads to the improvement of job challenge to generate excellent performance.

Originality/value

This study investigates the importance of self-profiling and job challenge at middle- to lower-level employees in the service sector who receive less attention in the field of management accounting.
The challenge of HR integration: a review of the M&A HR integration literature
Authors: Chang-Howe Wenjia
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to follw the process perspective approach in post-M&A (mergers and acquisitions) integration studies, with a focus on human resource function, to make the research literature relevant to HR integration process up to date.

Design/methodology/approach

To the best of the author’s knowledge, limited systematic literature review and study in this interface has previously been published.

Findings

Therefore, this conceptual study filled in the research gap by pointing out a clear framework on HR integration in cross-border post-acquisitions, reviewing both the content and process of HR integration. This paper contributes to future research on the HR integration process perspective in theoretical directions.

Originality/value

It addresses the gap in research and opens the avenues for M&A researchers to consider HR as the strategic partner during M&As and to study HR aspects in an integrated process perspective view. This approach complements socialized reviews and it suggests a process perspective on how to dispersed themes and interrelate topics. It provide a clear process perspective helps to develop a concurrent research agenda, which can guide future work in the field.
Innovation, dynamic capabilities, leadership, and action plan
Authors: Moccia Salvatore , Zhao Shuming , Flanagan Patrick
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new model of leadership in a volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) context, paying special attention to human resource management.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is conceptual. It presents the challenges of the VUCA environment that from which technically empowered democracy movements around the world have emerged, needing a new leadership model that aligns human resources tools to the new leadership model.

Findings

New tools for human resource management are proposed.

Originality/value

The paper links technological changes and leadership skills, providing a novel framework that can provide a basis for further research into the profound nature of leadership. Implications useful for managers and leaders are discussed.
Explorative study of entrepreneurship training programmes in Christian institutions in Ghana
Authors: Arthur Keren Naa Abeka , Adom Alex Yaw
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The past two decades have witnessed a surge in entrepreneurship training (ET) programmes among religious organisations in Ghana. Despite this, current studies on the topic have revealed a gap in the perception of ET initiatives and the actual needs and expectations of trainees. This paper aims to explore the characteristics of ET programmes in Christian organisations in Ghana and the perception of beneficiaries on the relevance of these schemes.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative research approach was used for the study. The study used interviews and document reviews as data collection instruments. In investigating research questions one and two for case study one, interviews were used. For case study two, data were collected mainly through a review of documents for research question one and interviews for research question two. The data were analysed using thematic analysis techniques.

Findings

The results show some similarities in ET characteristics in the two cases studied, specifically regarding objectives and target outcomes. Therefore, ET programmes identified in both cases were targeted at both potential and practicing entrepreneurs in the congregations. Further, content appears adequate with an emphasis on topics that develop business management skills. The teaching approach varied within the studied religious organisations and although some practices were similar to best practice guidelines suggested in literature, there are lapses in the system. Regarding respondents? perception on the relevance of the ET programmes, the authors observed a positive outlook among all respondents who argued that the scheme addressed key issues at individual, organisational and national levels. However, the study revealed that religious institutions were unwilling to provide seed funding to beneficiaries.

Research limitations/implications

Further studies will need to validate findings in other Christian denominations not captured in the study. Furthermore, replicating this study among non-Christian religious institutions would be beneficial for policymaking.

Practical implications

This study suggests that managers of ET programmes in churches need to be helped to focus their programmes on developing business competencies, specifically technical skills.

Originality/value

There is a gap in understanding of the nature of ET programmes in religious institutions in Ghana and globally. This study provides insights on the characteristics of ET programmes in churches; thus allowing us to understand how they can be supported to deliver effectively.
The SEC meditates on The DAO: tracing the initial arc of cryptosecurities regulation
Authors: Frumento Aegis , Korenman Stephanie
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review the first two years of the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) efforts to regulate cryptosecurities to assess the trends of that regulation.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors review the SEC’s official pronouncements and informal statements about, and its enforcement actions against participants in, various early experiments in cryptosecurities.

Findings

The SEC has been evolving how to apply the US securities laws to cryptosecurities since its report on The DAO two years ago. When “coins” on a blockchain meet the traditional Howey Test, it is easy to categorize them as “securities.” However, the bedrock regulatory principle that some person must account for violations is frustrated by automated blockchain transactions, where no human is in control. This tension risks a “moral crumple zone” arising around cryptosecurities, in which persons might become liable for violations that they cannot fairly be said to have caused.

Originality/value

This paper provides valuable information and insights about the beginnings of US regulation of cryptosecurities and how the evolution of that regulation is trending after two years.
SEC framework and no-action letter provide guidance on analyzing whether a digital asset is a security
Authors: Berman Kenneth J. , Hayes Morgan J. , Kaplan Matthew E. , Lim Byungkwon , Murphy Gary E. , Do Yean , Steinberg Jonathan R.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

To analyze and draw conclusions from the “Framework for ‘Investment Contract’ Analysis of Digital Assets” (the “Framework”), released by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on April 3, 2019, and the SEC’s corresponding no-action letter to TurnKey Jet, Inc. (“TKJ”), which is the SEC’s first no-action letter publicly agreeing with the view that the digital asset described therein is not a security.

Design/Methodology/Approach

Explains how the Framework assists market participants in analyzing whether a digital asset is a security, by applying the Howey factors for identifying an investment contract. Discusses the SEC’s TKJ Letter, highlighting the factors the SEC emphasized in its analysis of the Framework.

Findings

While largely reiterating prior guidance, the Framework provides a helpful overview of the SEC’s views on when a digital asset is a security and how to properly analyze the prongs of Howey with respect to digital assets. The Framework also leaves certain important questions unanswered, including, for example, whether digital assets distributed by means of a so-called “Airdrop” are securities under the Framework, and the extent to which the Framework is meant to interact with digital assets that were issued or otherwise operate on platforms that are primarily overseas.

Originality/Value

Expert guidance from lawyers with broad experience in financial services, securities, investment funds, derivatives, and digital assets regulation and compliance.
Relationship between price and volume in the Bitcoin market
Authors: Gemici Eray , Polat Müslüm
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Bitcoin has recently become the focal point of investors as a digital currency and an alternative payment method. Despite Bitcoin being in the spotlight, a gap in the literature on its price-setting behaviors has been observed. This study aims to contribute to the literature by investigating the relationship between Bitcoin price and volume in the period between January 1, 2012 and April 7, 2018 through a symmetric and asymmetric causality test.

Design/methodology/approach

Daily price and volume data relevant to Bitcoin traded in the Bitstamp market were obtained from www.bitcoincharts.com. Within the framework of data applicable for analysis, the data set for this study includes a total of 2,286 observations for the period between January 1, 2012 and April 7, 2018.

Findings

Based on the results of the standard causality test, a causality relationship was determined from price to volume. Based on the results of the asymmetric causality test between positive and negative shocks of variables, a unilateral causality relationship was determined from negative shocks in Bitcoin prices to negative shocks in trading volume as well as from positive shocks in trading volume to positive shocks in prices. Furthermore, it was found that the relationship between Bitcoin price and volume is cointegrated.

Practical implications

The empirical results can be used by investors and portfolio managers to make trading decisions.

Originality/value

The contribution of this paper to the literature is that it is the first study on the symmetric and asymmetric causality relationship between Bitcoin price and volume. Moreover, this paper reveals short- and long-term behaviors of Bitcoin using the cointegration test used for determining the long-term relationship between Bitcoin price and volume.
Overcoming economic stagnation in low-income communities with programmable money
Authors: Majuri Yakko
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study hopes to encourage further research into the topic of local currencies, as well as specific research into increasing the efficiency of these systems through the use of blockchain technology. There is currently a lack of available research into the topic, which poses barriers for those who wish to study it, so the paper provides a general overview to be used as a starting point for those wishing to broaden their knowledge of local currency systems while also introducing a working implementation of a proof-of-concept for the proposed system.

Design/methodology/approach

A literature review of available studies on local currencies is conducted to provide an overview of the current systems and their shortcomings. Subsequently, blockchain technology is briefly introduced and an Ethereum-based model is proposed, which helps overcome the problems identified. The section exploring the Ethereum-based model draws code written by the author to simulate the features.

Findings

The paper concludes that blockchain technology can significantly help improve efficiency, transparency and security of local currency systems, while also helping cut costs associated with the implementation of a complementary monetary system. In the medium-term, local currency systems will most likely use a blockchain protocol as the underlying technology for the network.

Originality/value

Local currencies are an understudied topic by itself and the intersection between them and blockchain is a nearly non-existent research space. Thus, the paper takes a multidisciplinary approach, aiming to bridge the fields of computer science and economics to provide a foundation for further research.
Exploring the relationship between leader narcissism and team creativity
Authors: Zhou Lulu , Li Jin , Liu Yan , Tian Feng , Zhang Xufan , Qin Weiping
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating effect of information search effort on the relationship between leader narcissism and team creativity in China based on attention theory. The paper also explores participative decision making as a moderator in the relationship between team leader narcissism and information search effort.

Design/methodology/approach

Through a survey of 667 team members and their team leaders from 96 research and development teams at 23 high-tech enterprises in China with paired samples, cross-time data were collected. Confirmatory factor analysis, hierarchical regression and path analysis were adopted to analyze the data.

Findings

This paper found that leader narcissism had a positive impact on team information search effort, thereby promoting team creativity, and the effect of leader narcissism on team information search effort is more positive in the context of high participation in decision making.

Practical implications

Narcissism should be a noteworthy trait in manager selection and promotion especially for the departments and teams which focus on innovation and creation. And companies should pay attention to the team work processes to ensure that team members have the opportunity to participate in decision making for promoting the team leader’s narcissistic “bright” side in the institutional environment and avoiding the “dark” side.

Originality/value

This paper discusses how and when leader narcissism influences team creativity in Chinese high-technology enterprises based on attention theory. This research expands the application of attention theory at the team level.
Sustainability benchmarking for logistics center location decision
Authors: Kazançoğlu Yiğit , Özbiltekin Melisa , Özkan-Özen Yeşim Deniz
Published: November 2019

Purpose

As in line with eco benchmarking, the purpose of this paper is to solve a location selection problem in an emerging country by applying sustainability benchmarking principles.

Design/methodology/approach

A hybrid multi-criteria decision-making method, fuzzy AHP and Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE), is used as methodology to make sustainability benchmarking for logistics center location selection.

Findings

It is revealed that according to AHP and PROMETHEE calculations, Kemalpasa is determined as the most appropriate location from the sustainable perspectives. Torbali is specified as the worst location to construct a logistics center in terms of benchmarking criteria based on sustainability concerns. Based on these numerical results, managerial implications are presented with a sustainability benchmarking view.

Originality/value

The main originality of this study is integrating one of the relatively new topics, sustainability benchmarking, with a popular area, logistics center location selection.
Sober minds are needed to understand what is going on in Hong Kong
Authors: Tsang Yok-sing
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore some sober minds of better reordering of the relationships among the Central People’s Government of China (CPG), Hong Kong SAR Government (HKSARG) and the people of Hong Kong.

Design/methodology/approach

It attempts to analyse and explain varying challenges faced by all stakeholders in the recent social and political unrest in Hong Kong.

Findings

As a result of HKSARG’s failure to amend the Fugitive Offenders Ordinance, the feelings of resentment at both social inequality and political stagnation in Hong Kong turn into hostility towards the HKSARG, CPG and the Mainland people.

Originality/value

Performance and procedural legitimacy are equally critical to help HKSARG overcome its governance crisis. This viewpoint hopes to put “One Country, Two Systems” back on the right track.
Influence of economic freedom and its subcomponents on risk-taking behavior
Authors: Harkati Rafik , Alhabshi Syed Musa , Kassim Salina
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of economic freedom and six relevant subcomponents of it on the risk-taking behavior of banks in the Malaysian dual banking system. It also aims to make a comparative analysis between Islamic and conventional banks operating in this dual banking sector. Moreover, the study is an effort to enrich the existing literature by presenting empirical evidence on the argument that the risk-taking behavior of the two types of banks is indistinguishable given that they operate in the same regulatory environment.

Design/methodology/approach

Secondary data of all banks operating in the Malaysian banking sector are collected from FitchConnect database, in addition to the economic freedom index from Foundation Heritage for the period 2011–2017. Generalized least squares technique is employed to estimate the influence of economic freedom and the six relevant subcomponents of it on the risk-taking behavior of banks.

Findings

The level of economic freedom influenced risk-taking behavior within the banking sector as a whole, conventional and Islamic banking sectors negatively during the study period (2011–2017). Risk-taking behavior of conventional and Islamic banks is similar. However, conventional banks turn to be less influenced by economic freedom level as compared to Islamic banks.

Practical implications

The government and regulators may benefit from the results by rethinking and setting the best economic freedom index that better serves the stability of the banking system, and lessens banks’ risk-taking inclination.

Originality/value

To the present time, this paper is thought to be of a significant contribution. Given the argument that Islamic and conventional banks behave in the same way. This is one of the first attempts to address this issue in light of the influence of economic freedom and six subcomponents of it on the risk-taking behavior of banks operating in a dual banking system.
Exploring the intention to use M-payment in India
Authors: Chaurasia Sushil S. , Verma Surabhi , Singh Vibhav
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to develop a model that explains a user’s attitude toward M-payments in India, based on the motivational model and awareness about demonetization policy. The study also investigates the validity and differential predictive power of four different M-payment usage models, by considering the effect of improved awareness regarding demonetization policy on the core construct of the motivational model.

Design/methodology/approach

The model was tested with survey data from 362 M-payment users using partial least squares. Respondents were M-payment users with significant usage experience.

Findings

This study empirically determined that the motivation model and awareness about demonetization policy in M-payment usage after demonetization are connected. As hypothesized, the study found: a positive relationship between extrinsic motivation and intention to use M-payment, positive relationship between awareness about demonetization policy and behavioral intention to use M-payment, positive relationship between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation, positive relationship between awareness about demonetization policy and extrinsic motivation and positive moderation effect of awareness about demonetization policy on the extrinsic motivation-behavioral intention relationships. The hypothesis that awareness about demonetization policy would have a moderating effect on intrinsic motivation–behavioral intention relationship was not supported.

Practical implications

From a practitioner’s perspective, this study underscores the importance of raising sufficient awareness about the demonetization policy as a determinant of users’ willingness to use M-payment services. Mandatory regulations by the government and motivation toward M-payment use can be a good starting point for a cashless economy.

Originality/value

This study makes a needed contribution to the literature by validating the integrated motivation model, emphasizing the importance of raising awareness about the demonetization policy among M-payment users. The model may provide a useful foundation for future research in this area.
Competitive advantage through service in hospitality and tourism: a perspective article
Authors: Kandampully Jay , Solnet David
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Given the dramatic technology led service innovations that are putting pressure on hospitality and tourism businesses, competitive advantage may depend significantly on remaining opportunities for a human element to be incorporated into the customer experience.

Design/methodology/approach

This conceptual study provides a synthesis of the past and the future understanding of the importance of service management.

Findings

A conceptual framework is provided that extends our understanding of emotion connection and reliance on technology. The examples are given to enrich the discussion.

Originality/value

This study is among the first to highlight and explore the interrelationship between emotional connection and the reliance on technology in the context of hospitality experience.
Enterprise social network (ESN) systems and knowledge sharing: what makes it work for users?
Authors: Kalra Abhishek , Baral Rupashree
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Enterprise Social Network (ESN) systems have emerged as the technology of choice to bolster and support organizational efforts for harnessing embedded knowledge. However, a lack of understanding about it limits the optimization of its potential. Hence, this paper aims to assess the role of hedonic motivation, network externalities (NE) and top management support in conjugation with the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology theory to understand ESN’s usage for knowledge sharing.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 187 ESN users through a survey questionnaire and subsequently analyzed using variance-based structural equation modeling using the partial least squares method.

Findings

ESNs are used both for utilitarian and hedonic purposes. Furthermore, the results also bring out the importance of externalities arising from an extensive network of users and complimentary services, as well as support regarding resources and recognition from the top management toward reinforcing the benefits of using ESNs.

Research limitations/implications

This study advances earlier knowledge by assessing the actual usage of ESNs for knowledge sharing. It takes into consideration multiple input variables, namely, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, NE amongst others to best resonate with the key factors driving its adoption and usage by an individual. However, because of the cross-sectional research design, causality can only be inferred.

Practical implications

The organizations are recommended to have in place the measures for attaining optimal usage of ESNs, and in turn, witness knowledge moves around in ways unfathomable. Steps should be taken to develop tools and ecosystems to provide users affordances for both increasing productivity, as well as opportunities for gaining pleasure.

Originality/value

This study is one of its kind effort to synthesize the knowledge about the ESNs in an Indian context. It provides fascinating insights into the determinants of intention and usage of ESNs for knowledge sharing.
Atopic dermatitis without serum immunoglobulin E elevation or loss‐of‐function filaggrin gene mutation in a patient with X‐linked agammaglobulinemia
Authors: Yamazaki Emi , Kikuchi Katsuko , Sasahara Yoji , Kono Michihiro , Akiyama Masashi , Aiba Setsuya
Published: November 2019

A case of atopic dermatitis (AD) with X‐linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), which is one of the primary immunodeficiency diseases, is reported. A 12‐year‐old boy had suffered from dry skin and recurrent itchy eruptions since he was 2 years old, and he was diagnosed as having XLA at the age of 4 years. His total immunoglobulin (Ig)E level was 7 IU/mL, even with regular Ig replacement therapy. Furthermore, filaggrin (FLG) mutations known in the Japanese population were not found. His skin lesions were well controlled by the application of a mild‐class topical steroid and a moisturizer, though he developed folliculitis due to Staphylococcus aureus infection during treatment with a strong‐class topical steroid. This case suggests that the FLG mutation and IgE‐mediated sensitization are not necessary to induce AD skin manifestation.
On the winter enhancement of adaptive humoral immunity: hypothesis testing in desert hamsters (Phodopus roborovskii: Cricetidae, Rodentia) kept under long‐day and short‐day photoperiod
Authors: VASILIEVA Nina Yu. , KHRUSHCHOVA Anastasiya M. , KUPTSOV Alexander V. , SHEKAROVA Olga N. , SOKOLOVA Olga V. , WANG Dehua , ROGOVIN Konstantin A.
Published: November 2019

We tested the winter immunity enhancement hypothesis (WIEH) on male desert hamsters (Phodopus roborovskii) kept under long‐day (LD) and short‐day (SD) photoperiods. We assumed that under SD in a laboratory, the adaptive humoral immune responsiveness to the antigenic challenge would be enhanced due to the lack of winter physical stressors and food shortages and/or because of the action of an endogenous winter bolstering mechanism, while under LD the immune responsiveness would be suppressed by the activity of the reproductive system. The results support the WIEH in part. We did not find a difference in antibody production in response to sheep erythrocytes between SD and LD hamsters, but SD males had the lower number of granulocytes and the higher number of lymphocytes in white blood cell counts. Reproductive activity was lower in SD males. These males demonstrated an increase in their mass‐specific resting metabolic rate, their mass‐specific maximal metabolic rate and their level of cortisol. The result of a generalized linear model analysis indicates the negative effect on secondary immunoresponsiveness to sheep erythrocytes of mid‐ventral gland size, the organ characterizing individual reproductive quality, and designates a tradeoff between antibody production and reproductive effort. The mass‐independent maximal metabolic rate also negatively affected antibody production, indicating a tradeoff between maximal aerobic performance and the adaptive immune function. The higher stress in SD males seems to be the most likely reason for the lack of the effect of daylight duration on antibody production.
Arsenic and the gastrointestinal tract microbiome
Authors: McDermott Timothy R. , Stolz John F. , Oremland Ronald S.
Published: November 2019

Arsenic is a toxin, ranking first on the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the Environmental Protection Agency Priority List of Hazardous Substances. Chronic exposure increases the risk of a broad range of human illnesses, most notably cancer; however, there is significant variability in arsenic‐induced disease among exposed individuals. Human genetics is a known component, but it alone cannot account for the large inter‐individual variability in the presentation of arsenicosis symptoms. Each part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) may be considered as a unique environment with characteristic pH, oxygen concentration, and microbiome. Given the well‐established arsenic redox transformation activities of microorganisms, it is reasonable to imagine how the GIT microbiome composition variability among individuals could play a significant role in determining the fate, mobility and toxicity of arsenic, whether inhaled or ingested. This is a relatively new field of research that would benefit from early dialogue aimed at summarizing what is known and identifying reasonable research targets and concepts. Herein, we strive to initiate this dialogue by reviewing known aspects of microbe–arsenic interactions and placing it in the context of potential for influencing host exposure and health risks. We finish by considering future experimental approaches that might be of value.
Jebel Kareem (TH.68): Techno‐typological characteristics of a distinctive lithic assemblage from Dhofar, southern Oman
Authors: Hilbert Yamandú H.
Published: November 2019

The lithic sample from TH.68 in Southern Oman is characterised by a set of techno‐typological features: (a) the variety of blank production strategies employed to produce flakes, blades and bladelets; (b) the level of standardisation of tools, including backed bladelets, end scrapers, burins on truncation, unifacial and bifacial plano‐convex points, etc.; and (c) a previously unknown technique that produced specific flakes presenting uniform morphological traits and high incidence of retouch. Here a comprehensive account of the lithic production systems employed by prehistoric human bands and the formal retouched tools that they made is provided.
Treatment preferences for deep caries lesions among Australian dentists
Authors: Chai BYY , Tay BYX , Chow CYT , Fuss J , Krishnan U
Published: November 2019

Background

There is a global disparity in managing deep caries lesions and evidence‐based strategies are not always followed. The aim of this study was to gain insight into current practices of Australian dentists for deep caries management and to determine their procedural and materials choices.

Methods

An online questionnaire was sent to 1988 randomly selected practitioners across Australia asking their choice of treatment in a tooth showing symptoms of reversible pulpitis and deep caries. A total of 255 (12.6%) practitioners responded.

Results

About 85% of respondents chose selective caries removal to selective removal (SR) while 15% chose non‐selective removal to hard dentine. Respondents whose preferred approach was SR had greater odds in believing that incomplete caries removal alone would not have any effect on pulp vitality (OR = 5.20) and had greater odds of thinking that peripheral seal was more important than other factors (OR = 3.50). They also had lesser odds of believing that placing a liner would reduce postoperative sensitivity (OR = 0.269) and lesser odds of thinking that removal of all bacteria or carious dentine was important when placing a restoration (OR = 0.196).

Conclusion

Most Australian dentists reported practising evidence‐based carious tissue removal strategies and accepted the concept of selectively leaving carious dentine under a sealed restoration.
A simple method of quantifying chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy using PainVision PS‐2100®
Authors: Saito Motoaki , Odajima Suguru , Yokomizo Ryo , Tabata Jyunya , Iida Yasushi , Ueda Kazu , Yanaihara Nozomu , Yamada Kyosuke , Okamoto Aikou
Published: November 2019

Aim

This study aimed to validate a simplified method of quantifying chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy using the PainVision PS‐2100® (PV) electrical perception system.

Methods

We assessed patients diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, or peritoneal cancer and were about to undergo first‐time paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy. Peripheral neuropathy was assessed before and after chemotherapy administration in all patients according to the National Cancer Institute‐Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 (NCI‐CTCAE4.0), using a conventional assessment in combination with the PV system. The PV device comprises electrodes attached to the ulnar side of the forearm and the first joint of index fingers on both the left and right sides to measure the electrical perceptual threshold. The average of three threshold measurements was recorded for each patient.

Results

Thirty female patients (age 51.6 ± 12.2 [mean ± SD]) were included, and median number of chemotherapy drug treatments was 5 (first quartile: 4, second quartile: 5, and third quartile: 5). Twenty‐seven patients (90%) reported posttreatment numbness; NCI‐CTCAE4.0 perceptual anomaly grades were as follows: G1, 57 (40%); G2, 19 (13%); and G3, 7 (5%). A positive correlation was identified between right medial side PV threshold score and perceptual anomaly grade on measurements of the inner right‐hand side only.

Conclusion

Our preliminary results suggest that peripheral neuropathy may be quantified using PV. As CIPN often lowers QOL, it needs to be appropriately evaluated. Future studies with a larger patient cohort and methodological refinements to improve accuracy are warranted.
Population‐level utilization of anatomic resection in early hepatocellular carcinoma (≤5 cm): post‐operative, middle‐ and long‐term outcomes
Authors: Wei Fangqiang , Liu Hui , Liang Xiao , Yu Tunan
Published: November 2019

Background

Most of previous researches on anatomic resection (AR) in early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were conducted in high‐volume centres with controversial results. This study aims to provide evidence of the utilization of AR in early HCC at population level.

Methods

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 registries database (2004–2015) of the USA was utilized to identify early HCC cases ≤5 cm. Overall survival and cancer‐specific survival were both analysed.

Results

A total of 976 AR and 409 wedge resection (WR) cases were identified. For the post‐operative (death within 1 month) and middle‐term (death within 3 years) survival, effect of AR was found to be similar to that of WR after adjusting other covariates. However, for the long‐term (death within 5 years) survival, the therapeutic effect of AR proved to be superior to that of WR (relative risk (RR) 0.655 for overall survival; RR 0.658 for cancer‐specific survival, both P < 0.05). Furthermore, subgroup analyses suggested that patients characterizing as male, tumour size 1–30 mm, vascular invasion and normal alpha‐fetoprotein were more likely to benefit from AR in long‐term prognosis (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

This study suggests that AR, when adopted at population level, is a better choice in comparison with WR in early HCC based on the evidences that it could provide equivalent post‐operative, middle‐term prognosis and superior long‐term survival.
“Disciplined research in undisciplined settings”: Critical explorations of in situ and mobile methodologies in geographies of health and wellbeing
Authors: Foley Ronan , Bell Sarah L. , Gittins Heli , Grove Hannah , Kaley Alexandra , McLauchlan Anna , Osborne Tess , Power Andrew , Roberts Erin , Thomas Merryn
Published: November 2019

In situ and mobile methodologies are increasingly popular within research into diverse geographies of health and wellbeing. These methodologies include data‐gathering techniques and modes of analysis carried out with research participants as they experience and move through settings with the potential to shape both momentary and longer‐term experiences of health and wellbeing. This methodological development is both a response to and reflection of wider methodological and theoretical thinking across human geography, especially in relation to mobilities, performative, co‐productive, and active ways to access and produce knowledge. In addition, the past few decades have seen increased access to geo‐spatial technologies and tools to both locate and record experiential place‐based knowledge. Such methods are capable of producing important new knowledge concerning the emergence (or foreclosing) of health and wellbeing in and through place, yet they are often perceived as “risky,” drawing researchers out of their traditional researcher‐controlled environments. Based on discussions developed during and since a July 2018 in situ and mobile methods workshop, this paper discusses the benefits of negotiating the (at times) somewhat messy and unpredictable research encounters that can unfold through such methods. It incorporates examples from recent and ongoing doctoral and post‐doctoral research in health and wellbeing using out situ (in situ outdoors) methodological approaches in Britain and Ireland – including go‐along interviews, video ethnography, elicitation, and biosensing. Three core themes are presented, concerning the value of mobile and in situ methods in: (1) supporting an ethic of care; (2) attending to more‐than‐human dynamics of health and wellbeing; and (3) integrating matter and meaning in contemporary efforts to understand how health and wellbeing unfold and accrete in and through place.
Drugs, genes and screens: The ethics of preventing and treating spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Gyngell Christopher , Stark Zornitza , Savulescu Julian
Published: November 2019

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is the most common genetic disease that causes infant mortality. Its treatment and prevention represent the paradigmatic example of the ethical dilemmas of 21st‐century medicine. New therapies (nusinersen and AVXS‐101) hold the promise of being able to treat, but not cure, the condition. Alternatively, genomic analysis could identify carriers, and carriers could be offered in vitro fertilization and preimplantation genetic diagnosis. In the future, gene editing could prevent the condition at the embryonic stage. How should these different options be evaluated and compared within a health system? In this paper, we discuss the ethical considerations that bear on the question of how to prioritize the different treatments and preventive options for SMA, at a policy level. We argue that despite the tremendous value of what we call ‘ex‐post’ approaches to treating SMA (such as using pharmacological agents or gene therapy), there is a moral imperative to pursue ‘ex‐ante’ interventions (such as carrier screening in combination with prenatal testing and preimplantation genetic diagnosis, or gene editing) to reduce the incidence of SMA. There are moral reasons relating to autonomy, beneficence and justice to prioritize ex‐ante methods over ex‐post methods.
Introduction: The Collection and Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources, Past and Present
Authors: Curry Helen Anne
Published: November 2019

The articles in this special issue contribute to our understanding of the historical emergences and present‐day functioning of various modes of conserving plant genetic diversity in seed banks. Exploring both crop plant and wild species conservation at different times and scales, the papers examine how various actors articulate their role in stewarding plant life for the future as seeds. They reveal seed banking and its corollary, seed saving, as responses to uncertainty, which do not resolve this condition but instead generate new ambiguities and new uncertainties.
Betting on quality indicators to improve inflammatory bowel disease surveillance outcome: All‐in or one to pick?
Authors: Sinonquel Pieter , Bossuyt Peter , Vermeire Séverine , Bisschops Raf
Published: November 2019

This Editorial refers to the article by Smith et al., p 592–599 of this issue.
Whose autonomy is it? Botswana socio‐ethical approach to the consenting process
Authors: Ramabu Nankie M.
Published: November 2019

The continued debate in the field of bioethics, and my experience in the field, led to a pursuit of the question of collective moral claims and their justification. Being confronted with collective agency, the research process had to diverge from the traditional bioethics framework of individual autonomy to take into consideration the situation on the ground. This paper reflects on the fieldwork bioethical experiences which could inform current bioethical standpoints. My research findings suggest the consenting process in Botswana communities differs from conventional research ethics that are employed in other settings. Further research is required to determine the involvement of Kgosi [Community Leader] in the autonomy process in order to enhance protection of human subjects in local context. The findings in this study could help inform ongoing research on human subjects in the Botswana context as well as other settings with social autonomy realities.
Cover Image, Volume 21, Issue 12
Authors: Giorgino Francesco , Shaunik Alka , Liu Minzhi , Saremi Aramesh
Published: November 2019

The cover image is based on the Research Letter Achievement of glycaemic control is associated with improvements in lipid profile with iGlarLixi versus iGlar: A post hoc analysis of the LixiLan‐L trial by Francesco Giorgino, Minzhi Liu, Alka Shaunik et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.13857.

image
ANTITRUST ECONOMICS AND CONSUMER PROTECTION ECONOMICS IN POLICY AND LITIGATION: WHY THE DISPARITY?
Authors: White Lawrence J.
Published: November 2019

The lag in the use of microeconomics in consumer protection policy and litigation—as compared with the use of microeconomics in antitrust/competition policy and litigation—has at least three causes: a considerably shorter period of intellectual development; the specific historical origins and culture of the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC), where this disparity is especially noticeable; and the splintering of consumer protection responsibilities across a very large number of federal and state agencies. This paper will expand on these themes and discuss their implications—including the opportunities for expanded research in the area of consumer protection economics. (JEL B12, B13, B21, D18, L41)
Ecological traps and species distribution models: a challenge for prioritizing areas of conservation importance
Authors: Titeux Nicolas , Aizpurua Olatz , Hollander Franck A. , Sardà‐Palomera Francesc , Hermoso Virgilio , Paquet Jean‐Yves , Mestdagh Xavier , Settele Josef , Brotons Lluís , Van Dyck Hans
Published: November 2019

Species distribution models analyse how species use different types of habitats. Their spatial predictions are often used to prioritize areas for conservation. Individuals may, however, prefer settling in habitat types of low quality compared to other available habitats. This ecological trap phenomenon is usually studied in a small number of habitat patches and consequences at the landscape level are largely unknown. It is therefore often unclear whether the spatial pattern of habitat use is aligned with the behavioural decisions made by the individuals during habitat selection or reflects actual variation in the quality of different habitat types. As species distribution models analyse the pattern of occurrence in different habitats, there is a conservation interest in examining what their predictions mean in terms of habitat quality when ecological traps are operating. Previous work in Belgium showed that red‐backed shrikes Lanius collurio are more attracted to newly available clear‐cut habitat in plantation forests than to the traditionally used farmland habitat. We developed models with shrike distribution data and compared their predictions with spatial variation in shrike reproductive performance used as a proxy for habitat quality. Models accurately predicted shrike distribution and identified the preferred clear‐cut patches as the most frequently used habitat, but reproductive performance was lower in clear‐cut areas than in farmland. With human‐induced rapid environmental changes, organisms may indeed be attracted to low‐quality habitats and occupy them at high densities. Consequently, the predictions of statistical models based on occurrence records may not align with variation in significant population parameters for the maintenance of the species. When species expand their range to novel habitats, such models are useful to document the spatial distribution of the organisms, but data on population growth rates are worth collecting before using model predictions to guide the spatial prioritization of conservation actions.