bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feldspar Mine Spoil Rehabilitation: Use of Legumes and Bio Inoculants to Establish Soil Fertility on Agro–Silviculture Basis
Authors: Junia R. , Kasana R. C. , Jain N. , Aseri G. K.
Published: June 2020

In recent researches, legumes have been used to revegetate the mining areas with nitrogen-fixing species. The current study also used legumes to revive the fertility of feldspar mine spoil along with Azotobacter chrococcum, Azospirillum brasilense and Glomus mosseae (AMF) in various combinations with organic and inorganic nutrient supplements. All legumes Acacia nilotica, Acacia senegal, Prosopis cineraria, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba and Cassia angustifolia have shown significant enhancement in rhizosphere enzyme activities up to 65%, metabolites up to 51% and nutrient uptake up to 52% whereas, physical growth showed the increment in the range of 10–59% over the uninoculated control. Treatment of Azotobacter+ organic manure+ NPK 50% has been found to enhance maximum growth in most of the parameters significantly, followed by AMF+ organic manure+ NPK50% treatment, while Azospirillum showed its highest impact in enhancing enzyme activities and nitrogen uptake in comparison to Azotobacter and AMF. Legume tree and crop species showed significant response towards the nitrogen fixation thus helped in improving the nutritional value of the mine spoil. Hence, the integrated approach of agro-silviculture practices using legumes and bioinoculants can play a key role in the rehabilitation of feldspar mine spoil.
Seasonal Abundance of Spotted Pod Borer, Maruca vitrata Fabricius in Early Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] and its Management through Farmscaping in Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Sujayanand G. K. , Chandra Anup , Pandey Sonika , Bhatt Shripad
Published: June 2020

Field experiments were carried out in pigeonpea during Kharif 2014 to Kharif 2017 for Maruca vitrata Fabricius management through farmscaping approach with 7 different border crops (5 leguminous crops; 2 non-leguminous crops) and a sole crop. The M. vitrata larval webbing per plant was lowest and per cent decrease in webbing/plant over sole crop was highest in sorghum (2.05 and 60.95) as border crop followed by pearl millet (3.29 and 37.39). The highest mean number of Coccinella septumpunctata per plant (0.77), Cheilomenes sexmaculata per plant (0.85/plant) and spiders (0.76/plant) was recorded from sorghum as border crop with pigeonpea. The highest percent increase in above said natural enemies over sole crop was also recorded from sorghum as border crop treatment (755.6, 844.4 and 660). The highest pigeonpea yield (730.72 kg/ha) and per cent yield gain (65.81%) was also recorded with sorghum treatment. Among 5 weather parameters tested, day length (1.53) and relative humidity (-0.12) were found to influence the M. vitrata population significantly and its incidence was recorded from 41st SMW to 47th SMW.
Determination of Quality and Chemical Composition of Silages Obtained from Narbonne Vetch (Vicia narbonensis) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Composition
Authors: Turan Nizamettin
Published: June 2020

Research was conducted to determine the quality and chemical composition of silages obtained by mixing in different ratios of narbonne vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown in rabi season of 2017-2018 in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. In the study we studied the pure sowings of barley and narbonne vetch and their mixtures (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80% of narbonne vetch (N) + 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20% of barley (B). The values of ADF (acid detergent fiber), NDF (neutral detergent fiber), DDM (digestible dry matter), DMI (dry matter intake), DM (dry matter), CP (crude protein) and RFV (relative feed value) of silages of analyzed were respectively 33.38, 33.73, 62.89, 3.57, 24.69, 15.50%, 174.64. We also founded that LA (lactic acid), AA (acetic acid), BA (butyric acid), PA (propionic acid) and Ca, P, Mg, K and pH of silages investigated were respectively 1.60, 0.57, 0.42, 0.06, 1.17, 0.53, 0.25, 3.51% and 3.80. Our results shows that silages with high narbonne vetch were higher quality values for CP, ADF, NDF, DM, RFV, DDM, DMI, Ca, Mg, LA which determined chemical composition and feeding quality of silages. As a result, it is suggested that mixture silages with narbonne vetch (80%) and the barley ratio (20%) have important advantages for some properties of silages.
Effect of Planting Times Growth and Yield of White Lupen (Lupinus albus L.)
Authors: Okant Mustafa , Akil Dilara
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different sowing times on growth and yield characters of white lupine (Lupinus albus L.). The experiment was carried out in the Field Crops Experimen Station at Eyyubiye campus of Harran University during 2017-2018 semi-arid season. In the study, four different sowing times (30 October, 15 November, 30 November and 15 December) were evaluated in randomized complete blocks design with 4 replications. The results revealed that the impact of different sowing times on fresh herb and hay yield, 100 seed weight (gr) and seed yield of white lupine plant was statistically significant, but did not impact on crude protein, hay, crude protein in the seed, plant height and number of branches per plant. Overall, the results suggested that white lupen planted at the end of November could successfully be grown in Þanlýurfa conditions.
Master training in Agribusiness and Rural Development at the University of Zagreb
Authors: Kárpáti László
Published: June 2020

The title of the proposed JEP project is: “Agribusiness Higher EducAtion Development” with the acronym AHEAD. This curriculum development project – in case of acceptance – will last for three years, from July 2005 and June 2008. The primary project site is the University of Zagreb, Croatia; the contractor and the co-ordinator institution is the University of Debrecen, Hungary. In the consortium, 3 further European universities (University of Hohenheim, Wageningen University and Scottish Agricultural College) will participate, from the Croatian side the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management and an additional 7 Croatian institutes will also be involved. The total number of members in the consortium is 13. The main objective of the AHEAD project is to establish new BSc and MSc programmes in Croatia at two Faculties of the University of Zagreb. These are as follows: Agricultural and Rural Development, Food Safety and Quality Management and pilot MSc training in Agribusiness and Rural Development. These are preceded by faculty retraining programmes in food safety and quality management, as well as agribusiness and commerce within the framework of a MBA programme accredited by the International MBA Network. The professional content of the project is a modernised curriculum and training palette that would be available by the end of this project at the University of Zagreb, serving not only the higher education of the country, but the demand of the Croatian national economy as well, in line with the basic principles of the European Union.
PENGARUH PENGARUH BENTUK DAN KONFIGURASI ALUR SEKAT TERHADAP UNJUK KERJA MENARA PENDINGIN (COOLING TOWER)
Authors: Abdul Hamid , Lailul Karim , Mohammad Jamroni , Ikhwanul Qiram , Rubiono Gatut Rubiono
Published: June 2020

The cooling tower is mechanical equipment which used to decrease hot waste water. One of the factors that influence the performance is the filling components. This research is aimed to get the effect of buffle’s shape and configuration due to cooling tower performance. The cooling tower performance is described with range, heat transfer rate, and efficiency. The research is done by an experiment using laboratory scale cooling tower. The shape is varied as circle and triangle with 2-3 and 3-2 in a row configuration. The water flow rate is adjusted with 3 valve opening. Water temperature inlet is varied as 50, 60 and 70oC. The measurements are taken for inlet and outlet water and air temperature for 3 times measurements using K-type thermocouples. The result shows that buffle’s shape and configuration have an effect due to cooling tower performance.

Keywords: cooling tower, performance, buffle’s shape, configuration
PENGARUH LAMA WAKTU PENGGETARAN ULTRASONIC BATH TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK DAN MORFOLOGI PATAHAN BIOKOMPOSIT PATI TAPIOKA/SERAT RAMI (BOEHMERIA NIVEA)
Authors: Asrofi Mochamad , Abral Hairul , Kasim Anwar , Pratoto Adjar , Gevin Herwin , Mahardika Melbi
Published: June 2020

This study reported about mechanical properties and fracture surface of ramie fiber reinforced tapioca starch based biocomposites. The amount of fibers in matrix was kept constant at 10% from dry weight starch basis. Fabrication of biocomposites was solution casting. The effect of vibration duration from ultrasonic bath was 0, 15, 30, and 45 min. This treatment was applied to biocomposites while gelatinized. Tensile test was carried out to determine the mechanical properties of biocomposites. Fracture surface of biocomposites after tensile test was observed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result shows that, tensile strength increased when vibration time was added. The maximum tensile strength was obtained at 45 min vibration time with 2,84 MPa. This phenomenon was supported by SEM observation which indicate compact structure.

Keywords: Tapioca starch, ramie fiber, biocomposites, mechanical properties, SEM
PENAMBAHAN SERAT TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS) DALAM RANGKA MEREDUKSI BERAT KOMPOSIT PAPAN SEMEN
Authors: Tarkono Tarkono - , Ali Hadi -
Published: June 2020

Inventories of oil palm empty fruit bunches palm (EFBP) at oil palm factories are very abundant. This will be a problem if the handling is not serious. Utilization of EFBP fiber as a technical material is one effort that can be done in order to help reduce the problem of EFBP waste in palm oil mill. EFBP fibers as the substance of fibrous cement board aims to reduce to the weight of the material without lowering its strength. The method of making fibrous cement board by mixing EFBP fiber into dough with 12% marble powder ratio, 10% CaCO3 powder and EFBP fiber volume and portland cement are varied. The addition of EFBP fibers as much as 16% of the total volume can decrease the weight by 15.2%. The results showed that the cement board based on EFBP fibers under optimum conditions has a tensile strength of 1.58 Mpa, density (ρ) of 1519 k g / cm3 and bending strength of 2.61 MPa. Thus, the addition of EFBP fiber to the production of cement board has the potential to be mass produced

Keywords : cement board , fibre, EFBP
INVESTIGASI NUMERIK VIV (VORTEX INDUCED VIBRATION) PADA DIAMETER KABEL HYDROPHONE 0.04 M SISTEM AKUSTIK BAWAH AIR
Authors: Zau Beu Maria Margareta , Kusuma I Putu Andhi Indira
Published: June 2020

The 2D numerical simulation of an underwater acoustic system undergoing VIV (Vortex Induced Vibration) which is in position parallel to 5 m distance with variation of hydrophone cable position. The diameter of the hydrophone cable in use is 0.04 m, with Reynold numbers (Re) variations of 13000, 15000, 17000, 19000, 21000, 23000, 25000, 27000 and 30000. Position variations are used to determine the flow pattern characteristics that occur behind the cylinder as well the maximum value of drag coefficient (CD) and lift coefficient (CL). The simulation results show that the characteristic flow pattern around a cylinder at each Re value indicates the release of the vortex behind the cylinder with different drag and lift coefficient values.

 Keywords: Vortex Shedding, Hydrophone, Acoustic System
PENGGUNAAN METODE KOMPUTERISASI DALAM PENENTUAN TAHANAN KAPAL TANKER
Authors: Sugianto Erik , Haditama Hendika Puji
Published: June 2020

The ship resistance is influential to choose the ship's main engine, especially tankers that have large block coefficients. In general, ship resistance was obtained by modeling the vessel on a certain scale and then testing on the experimental tank. However, this test requires high funding, because testing requires special places such as towing tanks that have expensive operating costs. This research is intended to get ship prisoner with computerized method for tanker ship. Then the result is validated by Holtrop mathematical approximation method. The result of computerized method for speed 11.4 knots got the value of ship resistance is 86.2 KN. While the method of mathematical approach generated ship resistance is 74.38 KN. So the ship's resistance used to determine the tanker machine is 86.2 KN.

Keywords: Ship resistance, tanker, computerized
SIMULASI PENGARUH STEAM-TO-CARBON RATIO DAN TUBE OUTLET TEMPERATURE TERHADAP REAKSI STEAM REFORMING PADA PRIMARY REFORMER DI PABRIK AMONIAK
Authors: Hakiki Muhammad Natsir , Hidayat Muslikhin , Sutijan Sutijan
Published: June 2020

Steam reforming, the reaction in Ammonia plant between natural gas and H2O becoming H2 and CO/CO2, is occurred in Primary Reformer and being completed in Secondary Reformer. In Primary Reformer, the reaction commonly occurred at 450-800oC and 36 bars. The endothermic reaction occurred in Ni-based catalyst inside the tube. The heat for this reaction came from the heat of reaction of combustion in the furnace (outer-tube). The flow of H2 will increase along with the increasing flow of the feed gas and the heat transferred from outer-tube to inner-tube. In the other side, there will be energy increasing. So there’s a need of optimization. The need of energy influenced by many parameters e.g. Steam-to-Carbon Ratio (S/C) and Tube Outlet Temperature (Tout) of Primary Reformer. Commonly S/C is 3.20 and maximum Tout is 800oC. That’s why; optimization was conducted by energy calculation at various S/C and Tout. Firstly, reaction and heat transfer in inner-tube and outer-tube were modeled, so we can get the data of temperature and gas composition outlet inner-tube. Then, energy consumption which came from process gas, fuel gas and steam generation was calculated. The range of S/C 2.70-3.70 and Tout 700oC-800oC were chosen for the simulation. The simulation result shown that the need of energy per kmol-H2 outlet Primary Reformer at S/C 3.20 and Tout 800oC was 573.11 MJ/kmol-H2. The need of energy per kmol-H2 outlet Primary Reformer at S/C 3.50 and Tout 780oC (20oC below common Tout) was 573.01 MJ/kmol-H2. It means that decreasing Tout (for tube lifetime increasing) must be compensated with increasing S/C.

Keywords: Primary Reformer, Steam to Carbon Ratio, Tube Outlet Temperature
PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI TEPAT GUNA MESIN PENGIRIS TEMPE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIFITAS UMKM KERIPIK TEMPE DI DESA SILIRAGUNG KECAMATAN SILIRAGUNG
Authors: Ely Trianasari , Dian Pamuji Ridlo , Galang Prayogo Sandy , Ninik Rahayu Sri
Published: June 2020

Tempe is a favorite food of Indonesian society either from the bottom to the upper class of society. In addition to the cheap price, protein and other nutrients in tempe can meet some of the daily nutritional needs of Indonesian society. As soybean, tempe can also be processed into several foods that are tasty, nutritious and have high economic value. One of processed products using tempe as raw material  is tempe chips. Given the increasing prices of basic needs that exist today, many people do small and medium enterprises to meet the basic needs. One of them is by doing tempe chips business. Nowadays, a lot of small business community found selling tempe chips, one of which is in the Siliragung, Banyuwangi. Because the taste is tasty and crunchy, tempe chips are much preferred. In designing the machine, partners and students of Mechanical Engineering Program are involved. The initial phase of this devotional activity is to conduct a survey in order to identify problems faced by partners and conduct a literature study to find solutions to partner problems. After the solution of partner problems obtained, the next step is to design the required machine that is tempe slicing machine. The machine to be made is expected to help the community in increasing the productivity / production capacity of tempe chips compared with manual or traditional process so that the production time can be shortened and the income of the society increases.

Keywords: tempe slicing machine, tempe, productivity.
PERANCANGAN MESIN PEMERAS LENDIR BIJI KAKAO (DEPULPER) TIPE ROTARY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MUTU BIJI BUAH KAKAO DESA SUMBERAGUNG KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI
Authors: Lusi Nuraini , Akhmad Afandi , IGNB Catrawedarma , Chairul Anam
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this activity is to improve the productivity of the farmers in the success of cocoa fruit through the use of appropriate technology for the separation of coco seeds / squeezer machine, with the application of this technology is expected to assist farmers in the production process so that the quality results of cocoa produced will be more optimal. Cocoa bean separator machine serves to accelerate the process of separation of salut which during this process is still manually and takes a long time. This salute separator machine as much as possible the process is easy and the results are really on target. The main objective of making cocoa depulper is to assist cocoa farmers in the process of harvesting and improving the quality of crops so that the needs of cocoa farmers can be fulfilled.

Keywords: cocoa, salute, depulper, rotary system
ANALISIS PENGARUH SERAT LIMBAH TEFLON TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK KOMPOSIT FIBER SEBAGAI MATERIAL PENGGANTI ALAS COR BETON
Authors: Aryanta Hendra , Ma’ruf Abdullah , F Khanif Khoirul , Finahari Nurida
Published: June 2020

Teflon wastes are slightly difficult to recycle because the recycle products have different characteristic. Teflon wastes in flake form can used as alternative composite material. This research is aimed to get the effect of teflon waste due to mechanical properties of fiber composite. The research is done with laboratory experiments. Three different kind of Teflon which are white, blue and grey are studied. Teflon fiber compositions are varied as 0, 50, 70 and 90% of composite volume. The fibers are varied in length as 2, 3 and 4 cm, with 1 mm in width and thickness. Tensile tests are conducted for specimens with ASTM D-4762 standard. Charpy impact tests are conduct for specimens with with ASTM E 23 standard. The crack of the specimens are visualized with a digital camera. The result shows that Teflon fiber has effect due to mechanical properties. White Teflon tend to have greater tensile and impact strength rather grey and blue Teflon. The increase of Teflon composite volume tends to increase tensile and impact strength. Teflon length also tends to increase tensile and impact strength.

Keywords: teflon, waste, composite, mechanical properties
DESAIN PENGEMBANGAN UNIT PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH PLASTIK PADA KELOMPOK PEMULUNG DI KOTA MALANG
Authors: Widjanarko Widjanarko , Fiernaningsih Nilawati , Herijanto Pudji
Published: June 2020

Types of waste issued by industries and communities are organic and non-organic. Non-organic waste can not decompose naturally but it needs human effort to process it by recycling, one of which is plastic waste. The method is the identification and formulation of problems in landfills / TPS and scavengers, then determined the purpose of the study. By literature study and field study can be concluded that the concept of a suitable problem solving is the method of Quality Function Deployment (QFD). Implementation of QFD in this study to determine the scavengers desire in improving the economic level, by distributing questionnaires to scavengers in Malang. The conclusion of this research is that scavengers want to increase their economic level by adding value to plastic waste. The value added criterion in this research is the increase of plastic waste price from ± Rp 6.000,00 / kg to ± Rp 12.000,00 / kg in the form of chopped. Design of product development of plastic waste cutter machine desired by the user / scavengers at an affordable price of 84.33% and in terms of capacity 72.33%, is a machine with a price of Rp 5,500,000.00 and a capacity of 10 kg / hour.

 Keywords: Plastic Waste, Scavengers, Economic Level, Affordable price, Capacity
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI INHIBITOR UBI UNGU TERHADAP LAJU KOROSI BAJA KARBON A53 DENGAN MEDIA AIR LAUT
Authors: Rahmadi Ridho Unggul Nur , Sholahuddin Imam , Djumhariyanto Dwi
Published: June 2020

Corrosion is a form of damage that occurs in metals. The main factor is the cause of the corrosion environment. A53 steel is a type of low carbon steel and a steel material types that are widely used for pipe applications. The use of a corrosion inhibitor is one way of preventing corrosion. Anthocyanin substances contained in purple yam can be made in a natural inhibitor, because the substance is an antioxidant anthocyanin which is an oxidation inhibitor. Variables used were varied concentration of 0 ppm, 2000 ppm, 4000 ppm and 6000 ppm. This study aims to determine the rate of corrosion, purpel sweet potato extract efficiencies and changes in microstructure. The method used in this study is experimental, inhibitor efficiency analysis, ANOVA test and analysis micro photo. The results showed that the material is corroded by pitting corrosion and uniform shape. Values on concentration lowest corrosion rate of 0.0044 mmpy 6000 ppm and 6000 ppm at the highest efficiency of 72.70%.

Keywords: anthocyanin, steel A53, natural inhibitor, purple sweet potato.
La libertad de expresión en jaque, el panóptico del Siglo XXI. Big Data como amenaza para la democracia: a propósito del caso Cambridge Analytica
Authors: Mejía Andrés Fernando
Published: June 2020

En el artículo se plantea que la libertad de expresión es vulnerada de manera distinta a los escenarios tradicionales en razón del uso del Big Data y otras tecnologías como el análisis predictivo de datos y la personalización de contenido. Esta vulneración resulta diferente de la habitual puesto que no existe imposibilidad o limitación a expresar lo que se quiere de manera espontánea, sino que, la libertad de expresión se ve coartada ex ante a través de la generación de circunstancias en las que lo que se expresa viene dado previamente a través de información adecuada de manera personalizada según el perfil de quien opina. Para lograr presentar esta tesis, se efectúa un marco de referencia en el que este fenómeno se contextualiza. Al final se realiza una propuesta para disminuir o eliminar esta vulneración a la libertad de expresión.
Hubungan Cyberloafing dengan Innovative Work Behavior pada Pekerja Generasi Milenial dalam Industri Kreatif Digital
Authors: Wijanarko Kurnia Sri , Purba Herison Pandapotan
Published: June 2020

Sejauh mana perusahaan dapat berinovasi ditentukan oleh perilaku kerja inovatif dari masing-masing pekerja, terutama pekerja generasi milenial yang mendominasi di era digital sekarang yang mengaburkan batasan kerja dengan kehidupan pribadi. Hal ini memunculkan fenomena cyberloafing. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik survei secara online. Teknik samplingyang digunakan adalah non-probability sampling bertipe purposive sampling. Jumlah subjek penelitian sebanyak 103 responden yang tersebar di berbagai industri kreatif digital di Indonesia. Alat pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner cyberloafing dan alat ukur Innovative Work Behaviour. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik statistik korelasi Bivariate Pearson dengan bantuan program IBM SPSS Statistic 25 for Windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang kuat dengan arah hubungan positif (r(103)=0,518, p<0,05) antara cyberloafing dengan innovative work behaviour generasi milenial yang bekerja di industri kreatif digital.
Organoleptic Quality of Corn Flour (Zea mays l.) by Oven Method
Authors: Abriana Andi , Tenri Fitriyah Andi , Laga Suriana , Sumiati Sumiati
Published: June 2020

Diversification of processed corn into flour increases corn value. Corn flour is a fine grain from dried corn. This study was carried out to determine the organoleptic quality of corn flour (texture, color, and aroma) through the drying process by the oven method. The best moisture test of dried corn flour was at 80°C, with 7.5% of moisture content, and 3 hours of the drying process. The organoleptic test showed a different score of aroma, color, and texture at various temperatures. Based on panelist assessments showed that 3.71 of aroma score (rather like), 3.86 of color score (rather like), and 2.86 of texture (like moderately) at 60°C; 3.71 of aroma, color, and texture score (like) at 70°C; 4.14 of aroma score (like), 3.71 of color score (rather like), and 4.86 of texture score (like very much) at 80°C. The best result from organoleptic evaluation test was corn flour by drying at 80 ° C with 4.24 of average score and included preferred category.
Characteristic Quality of Pinrang’s Cocoa Beans During Fermentation Used Styrofoam Containers
Authors: Septianti Erina , Salengke  , Langkong Jumriah , K. Sukendar Nandi , Hanifa Arini Putri
Published: June 2020

Pinrang Regency is one of the regencies that contributes the largest production in South Sulawesi. The fermentation process is the stage of processing cocoa beans that must be carried out to guarantee the taste and aroma of good chocolate. The purpose of research is to study the effect of fermentation time with different cocoa clones on the quality characteristics of cocoa beans during fermentation. Characterization was held by observing the shape and color of the cocoa beans visually and measuring the temperature, pH, total acid, water content and fat content of the beans during fermentation. The results was showed that cocoa beans from local clones were better than Sulawesi 2 clones based on the quality characteristics of the beans produced. The best beans quality is on the 4 and 5 days of fermentation which produces an optimum temperature of around 45-47°C, pH around 5-5.4, total acid around 0.90%. Cocoa beans with a physical appearance and color that is bright enough, fat content around 50.45 %, and the water content is quite low around 4.97%. The quality of the cocoa beans produced is still in accordance with SNI 2323-2008. The use of styrofoam can be used as an alternative besides fermentation with wooden boxes that are usually done by farmers. The results of the study are expected to be used to obtain data and information on the characteristics of fermented cocoa beans, especially from Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi.
Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity and Glycemic Values of Non-Meat Burger Patties
Authors: Fadly Dzul , Purwayantie Sulvi , Arundhana Andi Imam
Published: June 2020

Food choices with high antioxidant and low glycemic values may benefit the body's health. High total phenolic content will influence the antioxidant activity that works as a body shield from free radicals. On the other hand, higher glycemic values will increase the risk of non-communicable disease, specifically diabetes mellitus. It will be thoughtful to know the antioxidant activity and glycemic values of the food that consumed. Such in the case of non-meat products, including patty burger, which intended for meat patty burger substitution. This study aims to analyze the values of total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, glycemic response, glycemic index, and glycemic load of the non-meat burger patty. This is an experimental study with a completely randomized design. The total phenolic content was determined by Folin-ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH method. The glycemic values were determined by an incremental area under the curve (iAUC) method. The values of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of non-meat patty burger was in line. More phenolic content results in a higher antioxidant activity.  Non-meat patty burger has a lower glycemic response compared to a reference food. Its glycemic index is high. However, it has a low glycemic load. Non-meat burger patty has phenolic substances result in antioxidant activity, while its consumption with the right serving size may contribute a low glycemic effect and protect blood glucose stability.
Utilization of Cocoa Bean Husk Extract (Theobroma cacao L) on The Product Chocolate Cookies
Authors: Langkong Jumriah , Mahendradatta Meta , M. Tahir Mulyati , Nur Faidah Rahman Andi , Abdullah Nurlaila , Marina N
Published: June 2020

Cocoa bean husk is one of the byproducts of cocoa, which is only utilized as animal feed and low economic value. The economic value of cocoa bean husks can be enhanced by extracting the husk using methanol into a powder and applied to a product into cookies. Cookies are types of biscuit which are made from soft dough, high in fat and relatively crisp. The purpose of this study is to know the amount of powder that is added and its impact on the cookies product. The analysis was done for the sensory test.  In the organoleptic test, the color and odor which were preferred by the panelists was treatment A0 (control), whereas the taste and texture were treatment A1 (addition of 5% powder).
The Effect of Kluwih (Artocarpus communis) Fruit Flesh Addition to the Nutrition Content of Mackerel Tuna Fish Abon
Authors: Abdullah Nurlaila , Dirpan Andi , Bastian Februadi , K.Sukendar Nandi , Djalal Muspirah , Restu Pala’langan Melinda
Published: June 2020

One of the plants that are easily found in tropical country including Indonesia, but has not been used optimally is Kluwih fruit (Artocarpus communis). In fact, the fiber content in Kluwih is similar to meat that makes it good to be used as abon ingredient. Abon normally made of meat that makes the price generally high. To reduce the prices of abon to be affordable by the middle and lower classes, abon products can be made from vegetable ingredients (such as Kluwih) combined with meat. The research methods consisted of three treatments with different in the amount of Kluwih and Mackerel tuna fish ratio. We concluded that Kluwih fruit could be used as a substitute for meat in Abon making. The Kluwih addition in Fish Abon making affects the nutrition content of the Mackerel tuna abon final product significantly
ETHNOBOTANICAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE MOST COMMONLY USED PLANTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GASTROINTESTINAL AILMENTS IN YOBE STATE, NIGERIA.
Authors: ABDALLAH MUHAMMAD SALIHU , Mustafa Muskhazli , Nallappan Meenakshii A/P , Go Rusea , Go Rusea
Published: June 2020

Background: Rural and urban people in Nigeria made use of medicinal plants as their curative measures, based on their ancient belief that propounded the authenticity of these plants  in treating ailments.

Materials and methods: Data were  collected through semi-structured questionnaires across the study area (3senatorial districts),The collected plant species were authenticated and given voucher numbers, and the demographic data was subjected to Chi-square (x2) comparisons using SPSS version 22.

Results: The major family among the surveyed plants, were Fabaceae (dominant), followed by Anacardiaceae and Combretaceae. Moreover, out of 97 respondents, 81 were male (83.5%) and 16 were female (16.5%). It was observed  that respondents that were 41-50 years were many into practice ( p = 0.13. The majority of the respondents as compared using chi-square across the parameters, were illiterates (p = 0.06), and very few had  a formal training or exposed to workshops (p = 0.02), while the majority inherited and utilized herbal medicine practice as their main sources of income (p = 0.04).  The fidelity levels ranged as follows: For diarrhea (18.5% -100%), dysentery  (11.11- 45%), pile (11.11 – 50%) and, ulcer covered 9.1% -100%. The ailments were in the range of 0.69 – 0.75 factors of informant consensus.  Plant species with RFC values of 0.34, 0.27 and 0.21 as well as those with 0.1, were regarded to have the highest RFC values.

Conclusion: Information collected were mainly on cases of gastrointestinal ailments and first of its kind on the use of medicinal plants in Yobe State, Nigeria.
EFEKTIVITAS SENYAWA NONATSIRI DARI Curcuma spp. TERHADAP PENEKANAN PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA PADA BUAH CABAI
Authors: Sari Anella Retna Kumala , Rahmah Firdaus Auliya , Djauhari Syamsuddin
Published: June 2020

One of the important diseases on chili is anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum capsici. Curcuma extracts and their essential oils were known as antifungal, but nonessential compounds have not been widely tested. This study aimed to assay the effectiveness of nonessential compounds of Curcuma longa, C. zedoaria, and C. aeruginosa to C. annuum. This study was conducted in November 2014 until Mei 2015 at Brawijaya University. The nonessential compound was obtained by soaking rhizome of C. longa,   C.   zedoaria,  and C.   aeruginosa in methanol, then distilled byusing rotary vacuum evaporator. Nonessential chemical compunds were identified by using HPLC. Effectiveness evaluation of nonessential compounds from three species of Curcuma was done by in vitro and in vivo test. Tested treatments were three species of Curcuma spp and 6 concentration levels of nonessential compounds (0 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm, 8 ppm, 10 ppm, and 12 ppm). The xperiment was performed in Factorial Complete Randomized Design, with 18 treatments combination, and replicated three times. Results of HPLC analysis showed the rhizomes of the three Curcuma species contained curcumin and desmethoxycurcumin in various concentrations. The highest level was found in the C. longa extract (13.792 ppm curcumin and 67.156 ppm desmethoxycurcumin). However, in vitro test results showed nonessential compound of C. zedoaria was most effective in inhibiting C. annuum growth.  The 10 ppm concentration inhibited 81.53 % of fungal growth.  Further, the in vivo test, also indicated the same, it’s most effective in hampering the growth of anthracnose symptoms. Therefore, curcumin and desmethoxycurcumin from three species of Curcuma have potential to be developed as botanical fungicide.
High prevalence of multidrug resistant ESBL- and plasmid mediated AmpC-producing clinical isolates of Escherichia coli at Maputo Central Hospital, Mozambique
Authors: Estaleva Calvina E. L. , Zimba Tomas F. , Sekyere John Osei , Govinden Usha , Chenia Hafizah Y. , Simonsen Gunnar S. , Haldorsen Bjørg , Essack Sabiha Y. , Sundsfjord Arnfinn
Published: June 2020

Background: Epidemiological data of cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales in Sub-Saharan Africa is still restricted, and in particular in Mozambique. The aim of this study was to detect and characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) - and plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC)-producing clinical strains of Escherichia coli at Maputo Central Hospital (MCH), a 1,000-bed reference hospital in Maputo, Mozambique.Methods: A total of 230 clinical isolates of E. coli from urine (n=199) and blood cultures (n=31) were collected at MCH during August-November 2015. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disc diffusion method and interpreted according to EUCAST guidelines. Isolates with reduced susceptibility to 3rd generation cephalosporins were examined further; phenotypically for an ESBL-/AmpC-phenotype by combined disc methods and genetically for ESBL- and pAmpC-encoding genes by PCR and partial amplicon sequencing as well as genetic relatedness by ERIC-PCR. Results: A total of 75 isolates with reduced susceptibility to cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime (n=75) from urine (n=58/199; 29%) and blood (n=17/31; 55%) were detected. All 75 isolates were phenotypically ESBL-positive and 25/75 (33%) of those also expressed an AmpC-phenotype. ESBL-PCR and amplicon sequencing revealed a majority of blaCTX-M (n=58/75; 77%) dominated by blaCTX-M-15. All AmpC-phenotype positive isolates (n=25/75; 33 %) scored positive for one or more pAmpC-genes dominated by blaMOX/FOX. Multidrug resistance (resistance ≥ three antibiotic classes) was observed in all the 75 ESBL-positive isolates dominated by resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. ERIC-PCR revealed genetic diversity among strains with minor clusters indicating intra-hospital spread. Conclusion: We have observed a high prevalence of MDR pAmpC- and/or ESBL-producing clinical E. coli isolates with FOX/MOX and CTX-Ms as the major β-lactamase types, respectively. ERIC-PCR analyses revealed genetic diversity and some clusters indicating within-hospital spread. The overall findings strongly support the urgent need for accurate and rapid diagnostic services to guide antibiotic treatment and improved infection control measures.
Spatial distribution and determinant factors of Female Genital Mutilation among reproductive age women in Ethiopia, 2016; Based on Ethiopian National Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Muluneh Atalay Goshu , Kassa Getahun Molla , Merid Mehari WoldeMariam
Published: June 2020

Background: Though condemned and considered as a crime by the countries government, Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) remains a common public health problem in Africa and Ethiopia as well. Every year, more than 3 million females undergo FGM and most of them are in Africa. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the spatial distribution and associated factors of female genital mutilation in Ethiopia based on the Ethiopian demographic and Health Survey 2016 data. Method: This is a secondary data analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 data based on 7,163 women who were included for the FGM interview. The data were weighted using sampling weight as recommended by the program. The MS Excel and ArcGIS 10.3 software were used for data cleaning and spatial analysis respectively. Global and local level clustering was assessed. For the none spatial data and the determinant factors, data cleaning and analysis were done using STATA 14. Since the data has significant clustering with the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient [ICC=0.61(0.56, 0.65)], a multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression model was fitted. Variables with a P-value <0.25 in the bi-variable analysis were fitted in the multi-variable analysis. Finally, variables with p-value <0.05 with 95% CI of adjusted odds ratio were reported as a statistically significant determinant of FGM. Result: Female genital mutilation was spatially clustered (Global Moran’s I: 0.48, p<0.001). Significant hot spot clusters were found in Eastern-Amhara, Oromia, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP) regions, Dire-Dawa, and Harari. Mothers age >30 (AOR=2.41, 95% CI: 1.78,3.26) years, never in union (AOR=0.31, 95%CI: 0.22, 0.44), currently not working (AOR=0.71, 95%CI: 0.55, 0.92), women who considered FGM to be continued (AOR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.75, 4.68), not heard of FGM (AOR=0.22, 95%CI: 0.08,0.62), had no formal education (AOR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.71), Muslim (AOR=3.90, 95%CI:2.5, 6.09) and protestant (AOR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.25, 2.97), and those who thought of FGM required by religion (AOR=1.99, 95%CI: 1.31,2.99) were found to be significant determinants of female genital mutilation.Conclusion: Female genital mutilation was spatially clustered with hotspot areas found:in Eastern-Amhara, Oromia, and SNNP regions, Dire-Dawa and Harari administrative. Age of the mother, religion, occupation, educational level, marital status, information about Female genital mutilation, and intention about FGM to be stopped or continued were significant determinants of female genital mutilation
Socioeconomic status, social capital, health risk behaviors, and health-related quality of life among Chinese older adults
Authors: Yang Ying , Wang Shizhen , Chen Lei , Luo Mi , Xue Lina , Cui Dan , Mao Zongfu
Published: June 2020

Background: There is limited knowledge on the mediating role of different health risk behavior on the relationship between social capital, socioeconomic status (SES), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Chinese older adults. We conducted this study to (a) investigate the condition of health risk behaviors of the Chinese elderly, and (b) assess the relationship between SES, social capital, health risk behaviors, and HRQoL. Methods: A sample of 4,868 adults aged 60 years and older were included in this study, from the China's Health-related Quality of Life Survey for Older Adults 2018. Participants' demographic characteristics, SES (education level, family income), health risk behaviors (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary behavior, unhealthy weight, and sleep disorder) were collected. Social capital and HRQoL were assessed by the 16-item Personal Social Capital Scale (PSCS-16) and WHOQOL-Old, respectively. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to examine the associations between variables. Results: The proportion of smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary behavior, unhealthy weight, and sleep disorder were 32.1%, 36.3%, 62.5%, 45.7%, 31.8%, and 45.5%, respectively. Significant differences were observed in education level, family income, and social capital between elderly individuals with and without each of the six health risk behavior (all p-values < 0.05). Elderly individuals who reported smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary behavior, and sleep disorder had significantly lower HRQoL than those without these unhealthy behaviors (all p-values < 0.05). SEM analysis showed that SES and social capital positively associated with alcohol consumption. Social capital negatively associated with smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary behavior, and sleep disorder. SES negatively associated with smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary behavior, unhealthy weight, and sleep disorder. Smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary behavior, and sleep disorder correlated with poorer HRQoL. Conclusions: Chinese older adults demonstrated a high incidence of health risk behaviors, especially for physical inactivity (62.5%) and unhealthy dietary behavior (45.7%). Social capital and SES were correlated with the elderly's HRQoL, as well as with the health risk behaviors. Health risk behaviors played potential mediating role on the relationship between social capital, SES, and HRQoL in Chinese older adults.
Spatiotemporal association of low birth weight with Cs-137 deposition at the prefecture level in Japan after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accidents: an analytical-ecologic epidemiological study
Authors: Scherb Hagen , Clinic Japan Hayashi Osaka Keiji Hayashi Children's
Published: June 2020

Background: Perinatal mortality increased in contaminated prefectures after the Fukushima Daichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accidents in Japan in 2011. Elevated counts of surgeries for cryptorchidism and congenital heart malformations were observed throughout Japan from 2012 onward. The thyroid cancer detection rate (2011 to 2016) was associated with the dose-rate at the municipality level in the Fukushima prefecture. Since the birth weight is a simple and objective indicator for gestational development and pregnancy outcome, the question arises whether the annual birth weight distribution was distorted in a dose-rate-dependent manner across Japan after Fukushima. Methods: The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare provides prefecture-specific annual counts for 26.158 million live births from 1995 to 2018, of which 2.366 million births (9.04%) with weights < 2500 g. Prefecture-specific spatiotemporal trends of the low birth weight proportions were analyzed. Logistic regression allowing for level-shifts from 2012 onward was employed to test whether those level-shifts were proportional to the prefecture-specific dose-rates derived from Cs-137 deposition in the 47 Japanese prefectures. Results: The overall trend of the low birth weight prevalence (LBWp) in Japan discloses a jump in 2012 with a jump odds ratio (OR) 1.020, 95%-confidence interval (1.003,1.037), p-value 0.0246. A logistic regression of LBWp on the additional dose-rate after the FDNPP accidents adjusted for prefecture-specific spatiotemporal base-line trends yields an OR per µSv/h of 1.098 (1.058, 1.139), p-value < 0.0001. Further adjusting the logistic regression for the annual population size and physician density of the prefectures, as well as for the counts of the dead, the missing, and the evacuees due to earthquake and tsunami (as surrogate measures for medical infrastructure and stress) yields an OR per µSv/h of 1.109 (1.032, 1.191), p-value 0.0046. Conclusions: This study shows increased low birth weight prevalence related to the Cs-137 deposition and the corresponding additional dose-rate in Japan from 2012 onward. Previous evidence suggesting compromised gestational development and pregnancy outcome under elevated environmental ionizing radiation exposure is corroborated.
Effects of red and blue light on leaf anatomy, CO2 assimilation, and the photosynthetic electron transport capacity of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings
Authors: Li Yan , Xin Guofeng , Liu Chang , Shi Qinghua , Yang Fengjuan , Wei Min
Published: June 2020

Background: The red (R) and blue (B) light wavelengths are known to influence many plant physiological processes during growth and development, particularly photosynthesis. To understand how R and B light influences plant photomorphogenesis and photosynthesis, we investigated changes in leaf anatomy, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic parameters, and ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and Calvin cycle-related enzymes expression and their activities in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings exposed to four light qualities: monochromatic white (W, control), R, B and mixed R and B (RB) light with the same photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 300 μmol/m2·s. Results: The results revealed that seedlings grown under R light had lower biomass accumulation, CO2 assimilation and photosystem II (PSII) electron transportation compared to plants grown under other treatments. These changes are probably due to inactivation of the photosystem (PS). Biomass accumulation and CO2 assimilation were significantly enriched in B- and RB-grown plants, especially the latter treatment. Their leaves were also thicker, and photosynthetic electron transport capacity, as well as the photosynthetic rate were enhanced. The up-regulation of the expression and activities of Rubisco, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), which involved in the Calvin cycle and are probably the main enzymatic factors contributing to RuBP (ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate) synthesis, were also increased. Conclusions: Mixed R and B light altered plant photomorphogenesis and photosynthesis, mainly through its effects on leaf anatomy, photosynthetic electron transportation and the expression and activities of key Calvin cycle enzymes.