bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Parenting Style and Maternal Personal Hygiene with Children’s Personal Hygiene in North Jakarta
Authors: Magany Rebeka Milenia , Djaya Prissilia Nanny , Kurniawan Felicia
Published: November 2022

Background: Personal hygiene habits need to be practiced since early childhood because they are essential mechanisms in breaking the chain of transmission of various diseases. Important factors that affect children's personal hygiene are parenting style and maternal personal hygiene. This study aimed to determine the relationship between parenting style and maternal personal hygiene with their children’s personal hygiene.Methods: This study was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional method conducted in July-December 2019. Parenting style and personal hygiene questionnaires were completed by students’ mothers from four primary schools in North Jakarta (n 327). The study used the total sampling method Data collection was analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher exact test.Results: The study showed that 98.5% of students were raised with a non-exposure or authoritative parenting style, of which 57.5% of mothers had poor personal hygiene., Due to this, 61.8% of students had poor personal hygiene. Interestingly, there was a significant relationship between maternal personal hygiene and children's personal hygiene (p = 0.023). However, there was no significant relation between parenting style and children's personal hygiene (p = 0.065).Conclusions: There is no significant relationship between parenting style and children's personal hygiene. There is a significant relationship between maternal personal hygiene and children's personal hygiene. Therefore, parents need to apply the proper parenting style supported by other factors, such as good maternal personal hygiene, to encourage and educate children in achieving good personal hygiene.
Anticandidal Activity of Lactoferrin, Apolactoferrin, and Oligosaccharides on Mueller-Hinton and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar against Fluconazole Resistant-Candida Albicans
Authors: Stella Maureen Miracle , Surja Sem Samuel , Arieselia Zita
Published: November 2022

Background: The demand for novel, useful, potential, and safe antifungal drugs and rapid fungal susceptibility test methods due to antifungal resistance and high prevalence of Candida albicans infection are continuing. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and compare the antifungal activity of lactoferrin, apolactoferrin, and oligosaccharides isolated from human, bovine, goat, and formula milk against C. albicans on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 2% glucose and 5 µg/mL methylene blue and sabouraud dextrose agar.Methods: Lactoferrin, apolactoferrin, and oligosaccharides were extracted from human, bovine, goat, and formula milk. Lactoferrin was identified using the Bradford test and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. Oligosaccharides were identified using Thin-Layer Chromatography. The antifungal activity of lactoferrin, apolactoferrin, and oligosaccharides against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans ATCC 10231 was determined and compared using the disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar and sabouraud dextrose agar. The inhibition zone formed around the disk was observed after 24 hours of incubation.Results: Lactoferrin showed an inhibition zone on sabouraud dextrose agar against C. albicans, but not on Mueller-Hinton agar. Meanwhile, apolactoferrin and oligosaccharides showed no antifungal activity on both agar media.Conclusions: Different agar media in the diffusion disk test can give different results even though using the same test method and substance. These results could shed light and become the useful references on why some potential antifungals could yield a different results in in-vitro studies, in-vivo studies, or clinical trials.
Elaboration, characterization, and probiotic viability of synbiotic non-dairy drink based on coconut
Authors: Cunha Júnior Paulo Cezar da , Oliveira Lorena de Sá de , Blanco Jaqueline Costa , Silva Mariá Toledo de Carvalho , Gálvez Sandra Guadalupe Lagunes , Rosenthal Amauri , Ferreira Elisa Helena da Rocha
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT: Coconut is a fruit grown in more than 80 countries owing to its outstanding nutritional and biological value and it is an important crop for the food industry” por “Coconut is a fruit grown in more than 80 countries and owing to its outstanding nutritional and biological value and it is an important crop for the food industry. Thus, developing new coconut-based products is attractive to explore the benefits provided by microorganisms and improve the nutritional and bioactive composition of coconut products, such as by preparing fermented beverages. This study developed and characterize a drink based on dry coconut with the prebiotic fructooligosaccharide fermented by the probiotic Lactobacillus casei. The drink was formulated, filtered, fermented, matured, and stored under refrigeration (4 °C) for 28 days; it was evaluated for its physical, chemical, antioxidant, and microbiological characteristics. Compared to the standard non-fermented sample during storage, the fermented drink showed significant variations (P < 0.05) in instrumental color, acidity, and pH, while changes in soluble solids and stability index were observed after 7 days of storage. Regarding the chemical composition, all parameters varied significantly after fermentation. The total phenolic compound content and antioxidant capacity increased significantly after fermentation. Significant reductions were observed (P < 0.05) in the viability of Lactobacillus casei after exposure to gastrointestinal tract conditions, with the following counts (in log CFU mL-1) after 0 and 28 days of storage: - initial: 9.23 ± 0.04 and 9.05 ± 0.12; after the gastric phase: 6.21 ± 0.09 and 5.90 ± 0.01; and after the intestinal phase: 4.59 ± 0.33 and 4.75 ± 0.23, respectively.
Socioeconomic aspects and profile of fishing according to fishers of commercial edible fish in the municipality of Barcelos, middle Negro River, Amazonas, Brazil
Authors: Reis M. M. T. , Ladislau D. S. , Ribeiro M. W. S. , Guimarães C. C. , Paiva A. J. V. , Mattos D. C. , Aride P. H. R. , Oliveira A. T.
Published: November 2022

Abstract Fishing plays a prominent role in the socioeconomic scope of the Negro River basin and is considered one of the main extractive activities in the region. The objective of this study was to describe the socioeconomic aspects of commercial fishers of edible fish who work in the municipality of Barcelos, in the middle Negro River region, as well as to highlight the scenario of the fishing activity from the point of view of the fishers. The information was collected between January and December 2016 in the municipality of Barcelos, state of Amazonas, via semi-structured questionnaires. Most interviewees were male (71.14%), aged between 18 and 82 years and a mean age of 48 years. With a low level of education, 45.0% had only incomplete elementary education and 15% were illiterate. The fishing tackle most used by fishermen was the gillnet, especially by urban fishermen (70%). Among the fishing sites, the main one was the Demeni River (50%). Commercial fishing for edible fish in Barcelos focused on Characiformes, Perciformes and Siluriformes fish. The main difficulties faced by the activity are related to the seasonality of the level of rivers and local tributaries, as well as the lack of buyers and low selling price of fish, in addition to conflicts over the use of fishing resources. Commercial fishing for edible fish is an activity of great socioeconomic importance for riverside families in the Middle River Negro basin, which needs greater attention from the public authorities. Therefore, it is expected that the information contained in this study can help in the decision-making process for the management of local fisheries resources and contribute to the resumption of growth and sustainability of commercial edible fish fisheries.
Temperature variation in nests of Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) near the southern edge of the species´ range, Brazil
Authors: Campos Z. , Magnusson W. E. , Soriano B.
Published: November 2022

Abstract We monitored the temperature of seven Paleosuchus palpebrosus nests found on the banks of streams surrounding the Brazilian Pantanal, near the southern limit of the species´ distribution, between 2008 and 2013. The mean temperature of the nests between 45 and 68 days incubation, the presumed period of sex determination, varied between 26.1 and 31.5o C. Nest temperatures were 2 to 5°C higher than air temperatures, presumably due to metabolic heat of decay of material within the nests, but air temperature explained 10–50% of the variance in egg-chamber temperatures. The estimated incubation periods for nests from which eggs hatched were 80, 84, 86, 90 and 104 days with a mean of 89 (SD =9.23) days, though these are probably slight overestimates because eggs may have hatched in the period between inspections. For these nests, there was no significant relationship between mean temperature and incubation period (r2 = 0.23, p = 0.411).
Effects of F0 movements, intensity, and duration in the perceptual identification of Brazilian Portuguese wh-questions and wh-exclamations
Authors: Miranda Luma da Silva , Moraes João Antônio de , Rilliard Albert
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT This study presents a perceptual analysis of the Brazilian Portuguese wh-question and wh-exclamation intonational contours to discriminate their acoustic and perceptual features. The corpus of this study is composed of the sentence “Como você sabe” (“How do you know” vs. “How clever you are!”), which was produced with both speech acts. Two perceptual identification experiments were designed to assess the subjects’ ability to identify these speech acts based on their prosodic characteristics, as well as the perceptual relevance of specific prosodic cues in the recognition of wh-questions and wh-exclamations. The results of the first perceptual test indicated that Brazilian listeners can identify these two speech acts by intonation only, whereas the second test showed that F0, duration and intensity cues contribute to the perceptual identification of the speech acts. Stimuli with a falling F0 movement in the last stressed syllable tend to be interpreted as wh-questions, whereas stimuli with a slightly rising F0 movement tend to be judged as wh-exclamations.
Guinea-Bissau Portuguese: What the intonation of yes-no question shows about this variety
Authors: Braga Gabriela , Frota Sónia , Fernandes-Svartman Flaviane
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT In Guinea-Bissau, Portuguese is the only official language, and, for historical and sociopolitical reasons, European Portuguese (EP) is assumed as the variety spoken. However, we find a multilingual space in which Kriol is the national unity language and Portuguese is spoken as a second language. In this context, we analyzed the intonation of neutral yes-no questions of Guinea-Bissau Portuguese (GBP), to examine whether the intonation of this sentence type resembles that found SEP (spoken in Lisbon) or whether we are facing a Guinea-Bissau Portuguese variety in formation. Using the theoretical framework of Prosodic Phonology and Intonational Phonology, we analyzed neutral yes-no questions produced through a reading task performed by four Guinea-Bissau participants, native speakers of Kriol, and speakers of Portuguese as a second language. Our results show that, for the pre-nuclear and nuclear contour as well as tonal density, the intonation of GBP neutral yes-no questions differs from SEP and is closer to Brazilian and African varieties already studied. This outcome was previously pointed out in the literature for declarative sentences, suggesting that GBP is developing its own intonational grammar.
Os efeitos espaciais são fatores determinantes dos preços das terras agrícolas no Brasil
Authors: Marques Felipe César , Telles Tiago Santos
Published: November 2022

Resumo Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar se os efeitos espaciais são fatores determinantes dos preços das terras agrícolas no Brasil. Para isso, foram utilizados dados do valor da terra nua de municípios do Brasil, para o ano de 2020, disponibilizados pela Receita Federal. Embora a base de dados tenha cobertura nacional, os dados contíguos, necessários na aplicação dos modelos econométricos espaciais, permitiram abranger a região Centro-Sul do país. Foi realizada a análise exploratória de dados espaciais e aplicado o modelo econométrico Durbin espacial. Pelos resultados obtidos verifica-se a existência de forte dependência espacial no preço da terra, manifestada tanto na variável dependente, espacialmente defasada, quanto por meio de efeitos de transbordamento das variáveis independentes. Além disso, verificou-se que o grau de urbanização do município, o produto interno bruto per capita municipal, o tamanho médio das propriedades, a produtividade agrícola e a área dedicada ao plantio da soja, na propriedade rural, também são importantes fatores determinantes do preço das terras agrícolas. Conclui-se que efeitos espaciais têm influência na determinação dos preços das terras agrícolas no Brasil.
Amazônia, Fronteira e Áreas Protegidas: dialética da expansão econômica e proteção da natureza
Authors: Silva Viviane Vidal da , Silva Ricardo Gilson da Costa
Published: November 2022

Resumo A dinâmica territorial da fronteira na Amazônia brasileira indica que a terra e os recursos da natureza continuam sendo incorporados aos mecanismos de acumulação do capital. Na atualidade, esse processo se expande em Áreas Protegidas (Unidades de Conservação e Terras Indígenas), atingindo espaço naturais e territórios tradicionais habitados por povos indígenas e comunidades amazônicas. Assim, analisa-se a expansão da fronteira no sul do estado do Amazonas, dadas as pressões do Estado e das economias extrativas para converter Áreas Protegidas em espaço do capital. Tal expansão não está apoiada apenas nos agentes econômicos e na sociedade, mas tem o Estado como principal agente indutor, cujo resultados indicam aumento do desmatamento e desestruturação da política ambiental, configurando a reestruturação da fronteira.
Amazon, Frontier and Protected Areas: dialectic between economic expansion and nature conservation
Authors: Silva Viviane Vidal da , Silva Ricardo Gilson da Costa
Published: November 2022

Abstract The territorial dynamics of the frontier in the Brazilian Amazon region indicates that land and natural resources continue to be incorporated into the mechanisms of capital accumulation. This process has largely spread into Protected Areas (Conservation Areas and Indigenous Lands), reaching natural spaces and traditional territories inhabited by indigenous peoples and Amazonian communities. Thus, the expansion of the frontier in the south of the state of Amazonas is analyzed, in view of the pressures of the Government and extractive economies to convert Protected Areas into a space of capital. Such expansion is not supported solely by economic agents and society, but has the Government as the main inducing agent. The results indicate an increase in deforestation and disruption of the environmental policy, configuring the restructuring of the frontier.
Can body mass index influence the skin temperature of adolescents? A preliminary study with the use of infrared thermography
Authors: Reis Hamilton Henrique Teixeira , Brito Ciro José , Silva Alisson Gomes da , Sillero-Quintana Manuel , Reis Victória Esther Teixeira , Werneck Francisco Zacaron , Fernández-Cuevas Ismael , Cerqueira Matheus Santos , Marins João Carlos Bouzas
Published: November 2022

Abstract Infrared thermography (IRT) has been used to assess skin temperature (Tsk), especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, as an important tool in medical screening not only of the general population, but also of young athletes. However, the subcutaneous adipose tissue can act as an insulator when the Tsk is assessed by IRT, modifying the normal Tsk data and leading to their misinterpretation. Considering that the body mass index (BMI) is an important predictor of obesity, the objective of this study was to verify if the Tsk measured by IRT is affected by the BMI in adolescents. A preliminary study was carried out being four participants intentionally selected, all 16 years old, each one classified in a different BMI range according to the criteria of the World Health Organization for the adolescent population: underweight, healthy weight, overweight and obesity. Four thermograms of each participant were recorded and the ThermoHuman® software was used to evaluate 82 regions of interest (ROI), which were integrated into 6 body regions. Using healthy weight subjects as a reference, it was found a progressive reduction in Tsk in all ROI compared to overweight and obese participants, with emphasis on the anterior region of the trunk (3.04% and 6.69% less respectively), and an increase in the Tsk of all body regions for the underweight subject. There are indications that BMI can influence the Tsk value in adolescents and should be taken into account when analyzing thermograms for a correct evaluation of thermal normality.
Brumadinho Health Project: methodological aspects and epidemiological profile of participants in the cohort baseline
Authors: Peixoto Sérgio Viana , Firmo Josélia Oliveira Araújo , Fróes-Asmus Carmen Ildes Rodrigues , Mambrini Juliana Vaz de Melo , Freitas Carlos Machado de , Lima-Costa Maria Fernanda , Souza Júnior Paulo Roberto Borges de
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT: Objective: To present the methodological aspects of the Brumadinho Health Project and to describe the epidemiological profile of participants in the baseline cohort. Methods: Prospective, population-based cohort study in a representative sample of residents (aged 12 and over) of Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, after a mining tailings dam failure. Information for the baseline was collected in 2021, two years after the mining tailings dam collapsed, including sociodemographic, health and service use aspects, among others. Prevalence estimates of health outcomes were described in Brumadinho, as well as in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte and Minas Gerais, using data from the 2019 National Health Survey. All analyses were performed in the software Stata 17.0, considering the sampling weights and design effect. Results: 3,080 (86.4%) residents participated in the study, most of them being females (56.7%) and with a mean age of 46.1 years. The diseases more frequently reported were arterial hypertension (30.1%), high cholesterol (23.1%) and depression (22.5%), similarly to what was observed in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte and Minas Gerais, although the prevalence in Brumadinho was higher. At least one medical appointment and one hospitalization occurred in 75.2% and 9.4% of residents in the past year, respectively. Conclusion: It is important to monitor health, physical and mental conditions of residents after the occurrence of a disaster of this magnitude. This information can contribute with risk management of these processes, not only in the affected municipality, but also in other areas where populations are at risk of major disasters.
Mining dams disasters as systemic risks
Authors: Freitas Carlos Machado de , Silva Mariano Andrade da , Menezes Fernanda Carvalho de , Luz Zélia Maria Profeta da
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT: Between 2015 and 2019, Brazil recorded the two most serious disasters involving mining dams of the 21st century. The purpose of this article is to offer an understanding of these disasters as systemic risks. They involve from global and national processes related to social determinants that materialize in a complex system of dams distributed throughout the country with their intrinsic risks. When they occur, result in a set of impacts with potential damage and immediate effects combined with secondary and tertiary impacts that can trigger chain reactions, which promote risk factors of heterogeneous and complex occurrence. Approaching these events from the point of view of systemic risk allows for a broader understanding of both the singularity of each of these disasters and their multiple exposure, risk and disease processes, as well as the structural characteristics in which social, political processes and dynamics and economic factors reproduce in multiple territories a common pattern of disasters and their effects. We conclude that the promotion of population health and sustainable territories should guide the organization of production processes and not the opposite, with the externalization of human, environmental and social costs of mining and its disasters.
Brumadinho Health Project: food and nutrition insecurity versus socioeconomic statuses and dimensions of the food system after the dam rupture
Authors: Lopes Mariana Souza , Freitas Patrícia Pinheiro de , Nascimento-Souza Mary Anne , Peixoto Sérgio Viana , Lopes Aline Cristine Souza
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the situation of food insecurity of families according to the socioeconomic characteristics and dimensions of the food system in Brumadinho, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, after the dam rupture in Córrego do Feijão mine. Methods: This is a descriptive study focused on households carried out from the baseline of the Brumadinho Health Project. Food insecurity, the main outcome, was assessed by the short version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Other investigated variables were: socioeconomic data; geographic stratum of the households; family's assets; income; expenses; cultivation of food and animal husbandry for consumption. Descriptive analyses were performed comparing the food insecurity of the household according to the other variables by the χ2 test to compare the proportions. Results: Of the investigated households (n=1,441), 35.1% were facing food insecurity. facing food insecurity had: lower prevalence of masonry households with coating (91.4%; 95%CI 87.7%−94.1% vs. 96.7%; 95%CI 94.9%−97.8%); highest proportion of rudimentary cesspit (16.9%; 95%CI 13.3%−21.2% vs. 9.4%; 95%CI 7.4−11.9); lower prevalence of own and paid-off homes (63.9%; 95%CI 56.8−70.5 vs. 77.3%; 95%CI 72.3−81.7); and income reduction after the dam rupture (33.0%; 95%CI 27.1−39.6 vs. 14.1%; 95%CI 11.2−17.6), when compared with those in a food security situation. Conclusion: The prevalence of food insecurity was high, with report of a reduction in household income after the dam rupture. Moreover, most of the households had worse structural quality and sewage outfall. These results evidence the vulnerability of families and possible violation of the human right to adequate food, denoting the urgency of continuous reparative actions.
Food consumption of Brumadinho Health Project participants
Authors: Nascimento-Souza Mary Anne , Freitas Patrícia Pinheiro de , Lopes Mariana Souza , Firmo Josélia Oliveira Araújo , Peixoto Sérgio Viana , Lopes Aline Cristine Souza
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the food consumption patterns of residents of Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brazil, according to sociodemographic characteristics, neighborhood and area of residence. Methods: Cross-sectional study with baseline data from the Brumadinho Health Project, conducted with 2,805 adult individuals. The healthy food consumption markers analyzed were: fruits and vegetables (FV), beans and fish; the unhealthy markers were: sweets and soda/artificial juices, whole-fat milk and red meat with visible fat or chicken with skin. Prevalence values and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the total sample and according to sociodemographic characteristics, presence of commercial establishments with varieties of FV in the neighborhood and area of residence affected by the dam failure. Results: Among the healthy food consumption markers, the most common was beans (81.6%), and among the unhealthy ones, whole-fat milk (68.8%) and red meat with visible fat/chicken with skin (61.1%). Women were more prone to higher consumption of FV, while men, of beans and fish; the prevalence of these markers was higher among individuals with higher education degrees and higher incomes. Unhealthy eating markers were more prevalent among men, younger people, individuals with lower educational level and lower incomes, and residents in an area directly affected by the dam failure or in a mining region. Conclusion: Less than half of the participants were considered to follow regular or recommended consumption of healthy eating markers, except for beans. Individual characteristics and area of residence were associated with individuals’ food consumption patterns and should be taken into account in actions to promote adequate and healthy eating.
Consumo alimentar em participantes do Projeto Saúde Brumadinho
Authors: Nascimento-Souza Mary Anne , Freitas Patrícia Pinheiro de , Lopes Mariana Souza , Firmo Josélia Oliveira Araújo , Peixoto Sérgio Viana , Lopes Aline Cristine Souza
Published: November 2022

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar o consumo alimentar de residentes de Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brasil, segundo as características sociodemográficas da vizinhança e a área de residência. Métodos: Estudo transversal com dados da linha de base do Projeto Saúde Brumadinho, conduzido com 2.805 indivíduos adultos. Os marcadores de alimentação saudável analisados foram frutas e hortaliças (FH), feijão e peixe; os não saudáveis foram doces e refrigerante/suco artificial, leite com teor integral de gordura e carne vermelha com gordura visível/frango com pele. Prevalências e intervalos de confiança de 95% foram calculados para a amostra total, segundo características sociodemográficas; presença de estabelecimentos comerciais de FH na vizinhança e área de residência, segundo rompimento da barragem. Resultados: Entre os marcadores de alimentação saudável, o mais prevalente foi o feijão (81,6%) e, entre os não saudáveis, leite com teor integral de gordura (68,8%) e carne vermelha com gordura visível/frango com pele (61,1%). Mulheres apresentaram maior consumo de FH, e homens, de feijão e peixe, sendo maiores as prevalências desses marcadores entre os indivíduos com maior escolaridade e renda. Os marcadores de alimentação não saudável foram mais prevalentes entre os homens, os mais jovens, indivíduos com menor escolaridade e renda e residentes em área diretamente atingida pelo rompimento da barragem ou região de mineração. Conclusão: Menos da metade dos participantes apresentou consumo regular ou recomendado de marcadores de alimentação saudável, exceto o feijão. Características individuais e área de residência foram associadas ao consumo alimentar dos indivíduos, devendo ser consideradas nas ações de promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável.
Chronic respiratory diseases and respiratory symptoms after a mining dam rupture: Brumadinho Health Project
Authors: Campos Flávia Cristina , Nascimento-Souza Mary Anne , Monteiro Cristiane Campos , Firmo Josélia Oliveira Araújo , Souza Júnior Paulo Roberto Borges de , Peixoto Sérgio Viana
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT: Objective: To identify factors associated with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and respiratory symptoms, in Brumadinho, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, after a dam rupture. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, including a representative sample of adults (aged 18 years and over) in the municipality. Associations were assessed between dependent variables (medical diagnosis of asthma and COPD; symptoms of wheezing, dry cough, and nose irritation) and exploratory variables (sex, age group, smoking habit, having worked at Vale S.A. company before the dam rupture, time and area of residence in relation to the dam rupture). Logistic regression models with odds ratio (OR) calculation and 95% confidence interval were used. Results: We identified a prevalence of 7.2% of asthma; 3.5% of COPD; 8.8% of wheezing; 23.6% of dry cough; and 31.8% of nose irritation. We observed a greater chance of asthma among women and residents in the affected and mining regions, while a greater chance of COPD was observed in smokers and in those with longer time of residence in the municipality. Among the symptoms, we verified a higher chance of nose irritation among women, while a higher chance of wheezing and dry cough were found among smokers (current and former). Residents of regions affected by the mud reported a greater chance of presenting all the analyzed symptoms. Conversely, level of education was negatively associated with wheezing and dry cough. Conclusion: We found respiratory changes and identified the groups most vulnerable to developing them, which could contribute to directing actions to reduce the population’s respiratory problems.
Doenças respiratórias crônicas e sintomas respiratórios após rompimento de barragem de mineração: Projeto Saúde Brumadinho
Authors: Campos Flávia Cristina , Nascimento-Souza Mary Anne , Monteiro Cristiane Campos , Firmo Josélia Oliveira Araújo , Souza Júnior Paulo Roberto Borges de , Peixoto Sérgio Viana
Published: November 2022

RESUMO: Objetivo: Identificar fatores associados a asma, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) e sintomas respiratórios em Brumadinho (MG), após rompimento de barragem. Métodos: Estudo transversal com amostra representativa de adultos. Verificaram-se associações entre variáveis dependentes (diagnóstico médico de asma e DPOC e os sintomas chiado no peito, tosse seca e irritação nasal) e variáveis exploratórias (sexo, faixa etária, tabagismo, ter trabalhado na Vale S.A. antes do rompimento da barragem, tempo e área de residência em relação ao rompimento da barragem). Modelos de regressão logística com cálculo da odds ratio e intervalo de confiança de 95% foram empregados. Resultados: Identificou-se prevalência de asma de 7,2%, de DPOC de 3,5%, de chiado no peito de 8,8%, de tosse seca de 23,6% e de irritação nasal de 31,8%. Maior chance de asma foi observada no sexo feminino e nos residentes em área diretamente atingida pela lama e área de mineração, enquanto maior chance de DPOC foi vista nos fumantes e naqueles com maior tempo de residência no município. Entre os sintomas, maior chance de irritação nasal foi observada no sexo feminino, e de chiado no peito e tosse seca em fumantes (atuais e no passado). Residentes em área atingida pela lama relataram maior chance de apresentarem todos os sintomas analisados. Já a escolaridade apresentou associação negativa com chiado no peito e tosse seca. Conclusão: O estudo mostrou alterações respiratórias e identificou os grupos com maior vulnerabilidade para desenvolvê-las, podendo contribuir com o direcionamento de ações para a redução de problemas respiratórios da população.
Prevalência dos níveis de metais acima dos valores de referência em município atingido pelo rompimento de barragem de rejeitos da mineração: Projeto Saúde Brumadinho
Authors: Mota Paula Junqueira , Alonzo Herling Gregorio Aguilar , André Leiliane Coelho , Câmara Volney de Magalhães , Campolina Délio , Santos Aline de Souza Espíndola , Fróes-Asmus Carmen Ildes Rodrigues , Peixoto Sérgio Viana
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência dos níveis dos metais arsênio, cádmio, mercúrio, chumbo e manganês acima dos valores de referência (VR) na população de Brumadinho, após o rompimento da barragem de rejeitos de mineração, e verificar os fatores associados a esses níveis. Métodos: Estudo da linha de base de uma coorte prospectiva, em amostra representativa de 3.080 residentes (12 anos ou mais de idade) de Brumadinho, Minas Gerais. As variáveis exploratórias (idade, sexo, cor de pele, renda domiciliar, tabagismo e local de residência) foram coletadas por questionário, e os níveis de As, Cd e Hg na urina e de Pb e Mn no sangue foram avaliados pela técnica de espectrometria de massa com plasma indutivamente acoplado. Fez-se a distribuição das prevalências de níveis acima da referência para os metais, segundo as variáveis exploratórias. Análises de regressão logística múltipla foram utilizadas para averiguar associação entre os níveis alterados de metais e as características avaliadas. Resultados: Encontraram-se concentrações acima do VR em 38,08% da população para Mn, 33,37% para As, 5,04% para Pb, 0,76% para Hg e 0,17% para Cd. Houve associação significativa entre a faixa etária e os níveis de Mn e Pb; e entre o local de residência e o nível de As. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstram elevada prevalência de níveis acima da referência para Mn, As e Pb, com pequenas diferenças em relação às demais variáveis, sugerindo se tratar de uma exposição distribuída em todo o município.
O Brasil é realmente um país polarizado? Análise das eleições presidenciais de 1989 a 2018
Authors: Alkmim Antonio Carlos , Terron Sonia Luiza
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Analisamos as oito eleições presidenciais brasileiras do período pós-ditadura militar, dado o papel central que ocupam na organização do nosso Presidencialismo de Coalizão. Investigamos a polarização eleitoral e geográfica nesses pleitos, suas características e dinâmica, analisando com estatísticas espaciais a votação nos 5.570 municípios. Encontramos uma polarização significativa em todas elas. No entanto, variam em sentido e intensidade. Há dois períodos delimitados pela eleição de 2002. Há também duas trajetórias, observadas com mais detalhamento através das estatísticas e dos mapas dos Territórios Eleitorais. PT e PSDB tem dinâmicas diferentes ao longo da série, mas a partir de 2006 seguem polarizados geograficamente com mesmo grau de intensidade e com tendência ascendente. PRN (Collor) e PSL (Bolsonaro), nos extremos da série, são protagonistas de duas eleições atípicas, e tem polarização e alinhamento territorial semelhantes aos do PSDB.
Partidos dominam registro de candidaturas, lideranças conectam melhor com o eleitorado
Authors: Speck Bruno Wilhelm
Published: November 2022

RESUMO O texto analisa as eleições para prefeito no Brasil entre 2000 e 2020, com o objetivo de identificar a contribuição das organizações e das lideranças partidárias na estruturação do processo eleitoral. Avaliamos duas etapas das eleições. Na definição das candidaturas verificamos a presença constante dos mesmos partidos lançando candidaturas em duas eleições consecutivas. Adotamos o mesmo critério para avaliar a continuidade das lideranças que se candidatam pelos partidos. Concluímos que essa primeira etapa é caracterizada por uma ampla taxa de volatilidade, mas os partidos estão mais presentes em duas eleições consecutivas do que as lideranças. No momento da votação na segunda eleição, os eleitores avaliam os partidos e lideranças que representam candidaturas em constelações diferentes. O resultado mostra que as lideranças conseguem fidelizar os eleitores mais do que os partidos políticos. O trabalho traz evidências empíricas sobre o grau de partidarização e personalização das eleições no Brasil. Ele contribui também para o debate sobre a definição conceitual, a elaboração de desenhos de pesquisa e a operacionalização de indicadores a respeito do tema do personalismo na política.
Esquerda, direita e eleições presidenciais no Brasil
Authors: Tarouco Gabriela
Published: November 2022

RESUMO O artigo analisa dados dos programas eleitorais apresentados para as eleições presidenciais no Brasil de 1994 a 2018, para descrever como as candidaturas se posicionaram ideologicamente. Os dados produzidos e disponibilizados pelo Manifestos Project permitiram quantificar os conteúdos de esquerda e de direita abrigados nas suas plataformas e sua variação no tempo. A análise aponta que conteúdos de esquerda e de direita convivem lado a lado nos programas, ao mesmo tempo que confirma a distinção ideológica entre as alternativas. Além disso, aplica as medidas de ideologia para calcular e comparar o grau de polarização em cada eleição e identifica o seu súbito aumento em 2018.
Bolsonarismo e as eleições de 2022
Authors: Rennó Lucio
Published: November 2022

RESUMO O artigo analisa os componentes ideológicos baseados em preferências sobre temas políticos do eleitor que apoia Jair Bolsonaro. O bolsonarismo é um alinhamento eleitoral de direita no Brasil, fortemente associado a dimensões de uma agenda conservadora, incluindo uma visão de mão dura no combate ao crime, uma forte reação culturalista a propostas progressistas de gênero, liberalismo econômico, contrário a políticas de inclusão social baseadas em cotas. Mais recentemente, o bolsonarismo incorporou o negacionismo frente à pandemia de Covid-19, adesão a teorias conspiratórias e opção por alternativas antidemocráticas. Testamos esse alinhamento usando dados da série de pesquisas de opinião pública a Cara da Democracia, para os anos de 2018 a 2022.
Governança florestal: três décadas de avanços
Authors: Adams Cristina , Araujo Luciana Gomes de , Cordeiro-Beduschi Liviam E.
Published: November 2022

RESUMO O artigo abre o Dossiê Governança das Florestas Nativas discutindo os avanços alcançados pela governança florestal brasileira nos últimos 30 anos a partir de uma análise do Projeto Floram, das palestras apresentadas no “Web-Seminário Internacional Construindo Diálogos sobre Governança Florestal: Conservação, Manejo Sustentável e Restauração de Paisagens” e dos artigos que fazem parte do dossiê. Discute-se a passagem de modelos hierárquicos e centralizados para modelos de cogestão de sistemas socioecológicos florestais multiescalares, envolvendo uma diversidade maior de atores sociais públicos e privados, organizados em redes, que inovam a partir da co-construção de conhecimento, novas instituições e políticas públicas.
Protegemos quando valorizamos: história da legislação florestal brasileira
Authors: Massoca Paulo Eduardo dos Santos , Brondízio Eduardo Sonnewend
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Examinamos narrativas sobre os valores de árvores e florestas nas leis brasileiras desde o século XVI. Progressivamente, um conjunto mais abrangente de valores associados a florestas vem sendo traduzido em regulamentações mais rigorosas e inclusivas. Além de proteger árvores e florestas por seus recursos madeireiros e não madeireiros (contribuições materiais), instrumentos legais adotaram definições e regras mais rígidas reconhecendo suas contribuições reguladoras (conservação dos solos, regulação dos regimes hídricos e mitigação das mudanças climáticas) e não materiais (significados espiritual, cultural e simbólico) para a sociedade. Tais avanços coevoluíram com interesses fundiários e narrativas opostas às florestas e aos povos indígenas e tradicionais. Continuamente, grupos de interesse resgatam narrativas ultrapassadas para retratar florestas como terras improdutivas que obstruem atividades setoriais relacionadas à agricultura, mineração e infraestrutura, gerando conflitos socioambientais e a erosão da governança ambiental. A história revela um passado de contrarreações à degradação florestal resultando em avanços e novas possibilidades de desenvolvimento socioambiental das quais o futuro da Amazônia brasileira depende.
Fundamentalismo sectário impede o fortalecimento da economia da sociobiodiversidade
Authors: Abramovay Ricardo
Published: November 2022

RESUMO A conquista democrática representada pela expansão das áreas protegidas no Brasil, desde meados dos anos 1980, está hoje sob permanente agressão. Este artigo mostra algumas das raízes ideológicas e culturais dos incentivos à destruição florestal representados pela visão de mundo dos militares com protagonismo na formulação de políticas para a Amazônia. O artigo também apresenta, de forma sumária, forças que procuram se contrapor às atuais políticas federais e iniciativas com o potencial de abrir caminho a uma forte economia da sociobiodiversidade florestal na Amazônia. Essa bioeconomia não pode limitar-se às áreas florestais e será cada vez mais importante na agricultura familiar, nas grandes fazendas e é fonte de inspiração para políticas urbanas e metropolitanas apoiadas na ideia de Soluções Baseadas na Natureza.
Experiências de governança da restauração de ecossistemas e paisagens no Brasil
Authors: Chazdon Robin L. , Chaves Rafael B. , Calmon Miguel , Siqueira Ludmila Pugliese de , Junqueira Rodrigo G. Prates
Published: November 2022

RESUMO O Brasil tem uma longa história de políticas, pesquisa e prática de restauração de ecossistemas degradados. A Década da Restauração de Ecossistemas das Nações Unidas (2021-2030) foi lançada com o principal objetivo de prevenir, cessar e reverter a degradação de ecossistemas em todo o mundo. Neste artigo, descrevemos algumas experiências no Brasil e ilustramos como elas podem contribuir para o cumprimento desses objetivos. As ações de restauração florestal no Brasil são fortemente motivadas e lideradas por associações da sociedade civil descentralizadas, e coalizões e plataformas multissetoriais. Destacamos o papel crítico das inovações de governança nos níveis regional, estadual e municipal que fortalecem as ações de restauração, apesar da implementação deficiente das iniciativas do governo federal.
The Status Gradient of Trends in Social Media
Authors: Rotabi Rahmtin , Kleinberg Jon
Published: November 2022

An active line of research has studied the detection and representation of trends in social media content. There is still relatively little understanding, however, of methods to characterize the early adopters of these trends: who picks up on these trends at different points in time, and what is their role in the system? We develop a framework for analyzing the population of users who participate in trending topics over the course of these topics' lifecycles. Central to our analysis is the notion of a {\em status gradient}, describing how users of different activity levels adopt a trend at different points in time. Across multiple datasets, we find that this methodology reveals key differences in the nature of the early adopters in different domains.
Emotions, Demographics and Sociability in Twitter Interactions
Authors: Lerman Kristina , Arora Megha , Gallegos Luciano , Kumaraguru Ponnurangam , Garcia David
Published: November 2022

The social connections people form online affect the quality of information they receive and their online experience. Although a host of socioeconomic and cognitive factors were implicated in the formation of offline social ties, few of them have been empirically validated, particularly in an online setting. In this study, we analyze a large corpus of geo-referenced messages, or tweets, posted by social media users from a major US metropolitan area. We linked these tweets to US Census data through their locations. This allowed us to measure emotions expressed in the tweets posted from an area, the structure of social connections, and also use that area's socioeconomic characteristics in analysis. %We extracted the structure of online social interactions from the people mentioned in tweets from that area.We find that at an aggregate level, places where social media users engage more deeply with less diverse social contacts are those where they express more negative emotions, like sadness and anger. Demographics also has an impact: these places have residents with lower household income and education levels. Conversely, places where people engage less frequently but with diverse contacts have happier, more positive messages posted from them and also have better educated, younger, more affluent residents. Results suggest that cognitive factors and offline characteristics affect the quality of online interactions. Our work highlights the value of linking social media data to traditional data sources, such as US Census, to drive novel analysis of online behavior.
#PrayForDad: Learning the Semantics Behind Why Social Media Users Disclose Health Information
Authors: Yin Zhijun , Chen You , Fabbri Daniel , Sun Jimeng , Malin Bradley
Published: November 2022

User-generated content in social media is increasingly acknowledged as a rich resource for research into health problems. One particular area of interest is in the semantics individuals’ evoke because they can influence when health-related information is disclosed. While there have been multiple investigations into why self-disclose occurs, much less is known about when individuals choose to disclose information about other people (e.g., a relative), which is a significant privacy concern. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework to investigate how semantics influence disclosure routines for 34 health issues. This framework begins with a supervised classification model to distinguish tweets that communicate personal health issues from confounding concepts (e.g., metaphorical statements that include a health-related keyword). Next, we annotate tweets for each health issue with linguistic and psychological categories (e.g. social processes, affective processes and personal concerns). Then, we apply a non-negative matrix factorization over a health issue-by-language category space. Finally, the factorized basis space is leveraged to group health issues into natural aggregations based around how they are discussed. We evaluate this framework with four months of tweets (over 200 million) and show that certain semantics correspond with whom a health mention pertains to. Our findings show that health issues related with family members, high medical cost and social support (e.g., Alzheimer's Disease, cancer, and Down syndrome) lead to tweets that are more likely to disclose another individual's health status, while tweets with more benign health issues (e.g., allergy, arthritis, and bronchitis) with biological processes (e.g., health and ingestion) and negative emotions are more likely to contain self-disclosures.
Space Collapse: Reinforcing, Reconfiguring and Enhancing Chinese Social Practices through WeChat
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Yao , Semaan Bryan , Tang Jian
Published: November 2022

WeChat (a.k.a., WeiXin) is a popular mobile instant messenger (MIM) with various social features and has most of its users in China. Whereas recent scholarship suggests that MIMs could support users to “dwell” together with close friends and family members and to have “fleeting” encounters with strangers, little else is known about WeChat use. In this paper, we present findings from a qualitative investigation of WeChat use and its impact on Chinese social practices. Drawing from 36 interviews conducted between 2013 and 2015, we provide a contextualized account of how WeChat use reinforces, reconfigures, and enhances existing Chinese social practices. We propose a new theoretical concept, space collapse - that denotes the emergence of a fourth space where public, private and parochial social spaces are collapsed together in a socio-technical system. We discuss how these results deepen our understanding of MIMs.
Journalists and Twitter: A Multidimensional Quantitative Description of Usage Patterns
Authors: Bagdouri Mossaab
Published: November 2022

We conduct a large scale quantitative comparison of the usage pattern of a microblogging service by journalists, news organizations, and news consumers. Through two statistical tests of eighteen numerical features over 5,000 news producers and 1 million news consumers, we find that Arab journalists and English news organizations tend to broadcast their tweets to a large audience; that English journalists adopt a strategy of targeted and engaging communication; that journalists are more distinguishable in the Arab world than in the European English speaking countries; that print and radio journalists have a very dissimilar behavior while the television ones share some characteristics with each of them; and that British and Irish journalists are similar to a large extent. This paper is the first to provide a multidimensional bird's-eye view on the usage pattern of journalists over Twitter.