bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘SOCIETAS LEONINA’ W POGLĄDACH NIDERLANDZKIEJ I NIEMIECKIEJ JURYSPRUDENCJI OKRESU HUMANIZMU
Authors: Palmirski Tomasz
Published: December 2020

Wieki XVI oraz XVII to dla prawa rzymskiego okres humanizmu. Działający wówczas prawnicy określani byli mianem tak zwanej eleganckiej jurysprudencji. Przedstawicielami tego nurtu w Niderlandach byli: Vinnius (Arnold Vinnius), Hubertus Giphanius, Matthäus Wesenbeck (Wesenbecius), Johannes Voet, Ulrik (Ulricus) Huber oraz Gerard Noodt. Natomiast do grona niemieckich prawników-humanistów zaliczali się, między innymi, Johann Ortwin Westenberg, Oswald Hilliger oraz Georg Frantzke.

W niniejszym artykule zostaną przedstawione ich wypowiedzi na temat societas leonina. Wynika z nich, że wzorem prawa rzymskiego przejęli oni nieważność tego typu umowy. Poza ogólnikowe stwierdzenie o nieważności spółki w przypadku opisanym w D.17,2,29,2 (jeden wspólnik otrzymuje cały zysk wypracowany przez spółkę, drugi partycypuje w całej stracie) nie wychodzą Ulrik Huber, Gerard Noodt oraz Johann Ortwin Westenberg. Podobnie Oswald Hilliger, który jednak na marginesie swoich rozważań przedstawia nowatorski pogląd Antonio Gomeza, zgodnie z którym nie cała umowa (lwiej) spółki miałaby być nieważna, lecz tylko porozumienie co do lwich udziałów. Natomiast dla Vinniusa, Giphaniusa, Wesenbecka oraz Voeta istota spółki zasadzająca się na równych udziałach (D.17,2,29 pr.) może w pewnym zakresie zostać zmieniona wolą stron. Z kolei dla Georga Frantzke w przypadku określanym jako societas leonina, zamiast kontraktu spółki, który nie może wówczas mieć miejsca (ze względu na wyłączenie jednego ze wspólników od udziału w zysku), dochodzi do darowizny, która nie rodzi żadnej skargi.
KOMISJE PRAWA W PAŃSTWACH WSPÓLNOTY NARODÓW. ZARYS ZAGADNIEŃ USTROJOWYCH
Authors: Gubała Marcin
Published: December 2020

Artykuł przedstawia zarys zasad funkcjonowania komisji prawa w państwach Wspólnoty Narodów. Komisje są instytucjami, które działają na rzecz systematycznej reformy prawa, obejmującej cały system prawny państwa.

Opracowanie koncentruje się na zagadnieniach systemowych, takich jak sposób ustanawiania komisji, niezależność komisji i zakres powierzonych zadań. Artykuł przedstawia sposób, w jaki komisje są unormowane w aktach prawnych, oraz omawia takie zagadnienia, jak ich niezależność, przejawiająca się w oddzieleniu od innych władz, a także skład komisji, gwarantujący jej wysoki poziom intelektualny i profesjonalizm. Wśród zadań komisji wyróżniono: dokonywanie systematycznego przeglądu aktów prawnych, proponowanie zmian w poszczególnych obszarach prawa, uchylanie zbędnych i przestarzałych przepisów z systemu prawnego, jak również konsolidację i kodyfikację prawa.
DZIAŁALNOŚĆ RZECZNIKA PRAW OBYWATELSKICH W POLSCE W ZAKRESIE OCHRONY OSÓB W KRYZYSIE BEZDOMNOŚCI I ZAGROŻONYCH BEZDOMNOŚCIĄ W LATACH 2005-2015 W ŚWIETLE RAPORTÓW RPO
Authors: Mędrzycki Radosław
Published: December 2020

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie zainteresowania Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich sprawami osób pozostających w kryzysie bezdomności i zagrożonych bezdomnością w latach 2005-2015. W związku z przyjętym celem zadano pytanie o swoistą stagnację w zakresie rozwiązywania wielu problemów bezdomności mimo wielokrotnej ich diagnozy przez RPO. W związku z założeniami formalnymi badaniu poddano dostępne Rzecznikowi instrumentarium prawne, a także sposoby jego wykorzystywania w odniesieniu do problemu bezdomności na przestrzeni kilkunastu lat. Ukazując faktyczną działalność Rzecznika, analizie poddano raporty dokumentujące jego aktywność. Analiza wykazała, że bezdomność stanowi od początku przedmiot zainteresowania RPO. Na przestrzeni lat diagnozowane problemy pozostają względnie niezmienne. Wskazuje to na nikłe oddziaływanie RPO na władzę ustawodawczą w analizowanym obszarze. Zdiagnozowano brak mechanizmów prawnych pozwalających wprost wymusić przez RPO zmiany prawne. Przekłada się to na niejako jednostronną prawną odpowiedzialność tego organu przy właściwie wyłącznie politycznej odpowiedzialności parlamentu za sprawy bezdomności.
GLOSA WYROKU SĄDU APELACYJNEGO W SZCZECINIE Z 13 GRUDNIA 2018 R., II AKA 179/18
Authors: Sitarz Olga
Published: December 2020

Niniejsza publikacja stanowi glosę do wyroku Sądu Apelacyjnego w Szczecinie z 13 grudnia 2018 r., który stwierdził, że z treści art. 15 § 1 k.k. nie wynika warunek podjęcia natychmiastowej akcji zmierzającej do zapobiegnięcia powstaniu skutku. Zgadzając się z tak postawioną tezą, w publikacji podjęto próbę doprecyzowania przywołanego sformułowania. Ponadto krytycznie odniesiono się do problemu podziału usiłowania na ukończone i nieukończone oraz konsekwencji z takiego podziału wynikających. Odrębnym zagadnieniem poddanym analizie jest mechanizm wymiaru kary przy czynnym żalu powiązanym z tzw. usiłowaniem kwalifikowanym.
PODZIĘKOWANIE ZA WKŁAD W ROZWÓJ WIKTYMOLOGII
Authors: Mazowiecka Lidia
Published: December 2020

PODZIĘKOWANIE ZA WKŁAD W ROZWÓJ WIKTYMOLOGII
The International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD3) in the Research Areas of the Białystok School of Criminology
Authors: Guzik-Makaruk Ewa , Dąbrowska Marta
Published: December 2020

On March 24, 2017, the Faculty of Law of the University of Białystok entered into a collaboration agreement with the Central Coordinating Team of the International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD). Te Białystok School of Criminology is currently the only Polish representative participating in ISRD3. Te ISRD study addresses a wide range of issues examined by the Białystok School of Criminology, which launched its research work in 1994. The Białystok School of Criminology conducted its contribution to the ISRD3 research project in June 2017, in Białystok and Rzeszów, two Polish cities, regional capitals of their respective voivodeships. Each of these cities has a population of approximately half a million. The survey was conducted among pupils in their sixth year at a Polish primary (elementary) school (i.e. aged 12+) and in their first or second year at a Polish middle school (the 14+-16+ age group). In addition to the standard content prepared by the ISRD3 CCT, respondents filled in a questionnaire with questions intended to identify local levels of risks such as grooming or sexting. The results of the Polish ISRD3 study will help to diagnose various risks and will be compared to the results obtained in other countries participating in the project. The project’s added value will be the opportunity to develop appropriate preventive and educational programs for the schools in Białystok and Rzeszów which took part in the survey
IDENTYFIKACJA MIĘDZYNARODOWEGO PRAWA ZWYCZAJOWEGO W OPINII DORADCZEJ MIĘDZYNARODOWEGO TRYBUNAŁU SPRAWIEDLIWOŚCI W SPRAWIE ARCHIPELAGU CZAGOS
Authors: Kleczkowska Agata
Published: December 2020

W lutym 2019 r. Międzynarodowy Trybunał Sprawiedliwości (MTS) wydał opinię doradczą dotyczącą prawnych konsekwencji oddzielenia archipelagu Czagos od Mauritiusa w 1965 r. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przeanalizowanie metodologii, za pomocą której MTS dokonał identyfikacji norm międzynarodowego prawa zwyczajowego odnoszących się do samostanowienia, które następnie stały się podstawą rozstrzygnięcia Trybunału. Przedmiotem badania będzie więc czwarta część opinii doradczej, „Pytania zadane Trybunałowi przez Zgromadzenia Ogólne”. Artykuł opiera się na tezie, że metodologia identyfikacji zwyczaju, wykorzystana przez Trybunał w omawianej opinii doradczej, znacznie różni się od sposobu badania zwyczaju stosowanego dotychczas przez Trybunał, z uwagi na połączenie kilku czynników, w tym w szczególności oparcie identyfikacji zwyczaju wyłącznie o rezolucje Zgromadzenia Ogólnego ONZ. Artykuł został podzielony na cztery części: pierwsza przedstawia zwięźle najważniejsze wątki rozważań Trybunału co do prawa zwyczajowego. W drugiej części porównano dotychczasową metodologię MTS, jeśli chodzi o identyfikację zwyczaju, z rozważaniami z opinii doradczej ws. archipelagu Czagos. W trzeciej części omówiono to, jak Trybunał przedstawił w opinii doradczej sposób formowania się zwyczaju. Czwarta część została natomiast poświęcona rezolucji ZO ONZ 1514.
O POJĘCIU INFORMACJI PUBLICZNEJ RAZ JESZCZE
Authors: Jaśkowska Małgorzata
Published: December 2020

Na podstawie ustawy o dostępie do informacji publicznej sformułowano w literaturze i orzecznictwie dwa sposoby ujmowania informacji publicznej, podmiotowe i przedmiotowe. Pierwsze z nich, odwołując się do art. 61 Konstytucji RP, wiąże to pojęcie z wszystkim co dotyczy szeroko rozumianej działalności podmiotów publicznych, niezależnie do jakiego podmiotu się ona odnosi i kto jest autorem informacji. Drugie, nawiązując do pojęcia sprawy publicznej z art. 1 ust. 1 ustawy, łączy je jedynie ze sprawami zbiorowości, wyłączając z tego zakresu informacje pochodzące od osób prywatnych. W artykule przedstawiono szeroko argumenty przemawiające za ujęciem podmiotowym. Wynikają one zarówno ze standardów międzynarodowych i unijnych, podkreślających prawno-naturalny rodowód prawa do informacji, które jest podstawowym prawem człowieka, jak i ze standardów konstytucyjnych, wskazujących na jego wolnościowy charakter. Przemawia to zatem za szerokim ujmowaniem informacji będących przedmiotem tego prawa. Za takim rozumieniem pojęcia informacji publicznej przemawia też wykładnia systemowa i celowościowa ustawy o dostępie do informacji publicznej. Ujęcie przedmiotowe może skutkować bowiem zarówno ograniczeniem jawności życia publicznego, jak i naruszeniem obowiązujących w tym zakresie standardów.
Suppression of Spermatogenesis by Exogenous Testosterone
Authors: Fusco Ferdinando , Verze Paolo , Capece Marco , Napolitano Luigi
Published: December 2020

Sperm production starts from puberty in the seminiferous tubules providing testosterone production by
the Leydig cells that takes place in the interstice of the testicles. Normal spermatogenesis depends on specific
signalling from the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. GnRH, FSH and LH are the main hormones involved in
the production and maturation of spermatozoa. Exogenous administration of androgens influences the hypothalamic-
pituitary-gonadal axis with negative feedback that may lead to a partial or complete cessation of spermatogenesis
by decreasing FSH and LH.

Despite the fact that many trials have confirmed that exogenous testosterone affects male fertility status, evidence
regarding the long-term effects of treatment is conflicting. Regarding this aspect, many studies have confirmed a
return to baseline sperm concentration after testosterone treatment discontinuation; however, none of them can
specify how long recovery will take or whether the sperm count is sufficient for fertility.
Hydrogen Commonly Applicable from Medicine to Agriculture: From Molecular Mechanisms to the Field
Authors: Li Longna , Lou Wang , Kong Lingshuai , Shen Wenbiao
Published: December 2020

The emerging field of hydrogen biology has to date mainly been applied in medicine. However, hydrogen
biology can also enable positive outcomes in agriculture. Agriculture faces significant challenges resulting
from a growing population, climate change, natural disasters, environmental pollution, and food safety issues.
In fact, hydrogen agriculture is a practical application of hydrogen biology, which may assist in addressing
many of these challenges. It has been demonstrated that hydrogen gas (H2) may enhance plant tolerance towards
abiotic and biotic stresses, regulate plant growth and development, increase nutritional values, prolong
the shelf life, and decrease the nitrite accumulation during the storage of vegetables, as well as increase the resilience
of livestock to pathogens. Our field trials show that H2 may have a promising potential to increase yield
and improve the quality of agricultural products. This review aims to elucidate mechanisms for a novel agricultural
application of H2 in China. Future development of hydrogen agriculture is proposed as well. Obviously,
hydrogen agriculture belongs to a low carbon economy, and has great potential to provide “safe, tasty, healthy,
and high-yield” agricultural products so that it may improve the sustainability of agriculture.
The Impact of Immune Cell-derived Exosomes on Immune Response Initiation and Immune System Function
Authors: Tavasolian Fataneh , Hosseini Ahmad Z. , Rashidi Mohsen , Soudi Sara , Abdollahi Elham , Momtazi-Borojeni Amir A. , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: December 2020

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that pass genetic material between various cells to modulate
or alter their biological function. The role of exosomes is to communicate with the target cell for cell-to-cell
communication. Their inherent characteristics of exosomes, such as adhesion molecules, allow targeting specifically
to the receiving cell. Exosomes are involved in cell to cell communication in the immune system including
antigen presentation, natural killer cells (NK cells) and T cell activation/polarisation, immune suppression and
various anti-inflammatory processes. In this review, we have described various functions of exosomes secreted by
the immune cells in initiating, activating and modulating immune responses; and highlight the distinct roles of
exosomal surface proteins and exosomal cargo. Potential applications of exosomes such as distribution vehicles
for immunotherapy are also discussed.
Validation of an UPLC-DAD Method for the Quantification of Phenolic
Acids, Verbascoside and 6-epi-aucubin in Crescentia cujete Fruit
Authors: Rivera-Mondragón Andrés , Caballero-George Catherina , Pieters Luc , Foubert Kenn
Published: December 2020

Background:

The fruit pulp decoction of Crescentia cujete, commonly known as calabash, is traditionally used
for the treatment of several respiratory diseases and is available as syrup formulations. Unfortunately, there is no detailed
investigation on analytical methods for warranting the quality of these products.

Aim and objective:

To develop and validate an appropriate analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of transcinnamic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, verbascoside and 6-epi-aucubin in the decoction and commercial cough syrups of
Crescentia cujete fruit.

Materials and methods:

A reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographic method coupled to a diode array
detector (UPLC-DAD) was validated following the ICH guidelines. The chromatographic analysis was performed using a
C18 column, the mobile phase system consisted of water and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid, and UV
chromatograms were recorded from 200 to 400 nm.

Results:

A new UPLC-DAD method was validated for the simultaneous quantification of trans-cinnamic acid, 4-
hydroxybenzoic acid, verbascoside and 6-epi-aucubin in calabash-derived products. After successful validation, this method
was applied for the quantification of the selected chemical markers in an in-house decoction and three commercial cough
syrups. Among the selected chemical markers, 6-epi-aucubin was the main compound in the calabash decoction, while
trans-cinnamic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid were the major compounds in the commercial products. Verbascoside and
6-epi-aucubin were below the limit of quantification in all syrup samples.

Conclusion:

The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of three commercial syrup formulations and
can be useful for standardization and quality control of raw and pharmaceutical calabash preparations.
Expression and Clinical Significance of SARS-CoV-2 Human Targets in Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Lung Tissues
Authors: Subbarayan Karthikeyan , Ulagappan Kamatchi , Wickenhauser Claudia , Seliger Barbara
Published: December 2020

Background:

A higher incidence of COVID-19 infection was demonstrated in cancer patients, including lung cancer patients. This study was conducted to get insights into the enhanced frequency of COVID-19 infection in cancer.

Methods:

Using different bioinformatics tools, the expression and methylation patterns of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were analyzed in healthy and malignant tissues, focusing on lung adenocarcinoma and data were correlated to clinical parameters and smoking history.

Results:

ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were heterogeneously expressed across 36 healthy tissues with the highest expression levels in digestive, urinary and reproductive organs, while the overall analysis of 72 paired tissues demonstrated significantly lower expression levels of ACE2 in cancer tissues when compared to normal counterparts. In contrast, ACE2, but not TMPRSS2, was overexpressed in LUAD, which inversely correlated to the promoter methylation. This upregulation of ACE2 was age-dependent in LUAD, but not in normal lung tissues. TMPRSS2 expression in non-neoplastic lung tissues was heterogeneous and dependent on sex and smoking history, while it was downregulated in LUAD of smokers. Cancer progression was associated with a decreased TMPRSS2 but unaltered ACE2. In contrast, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 of lung metastases derived from different cancer subtypes was higher than organ metastases of other sites. TMPRSS2, but not ACE2, was associated with LUAD patients’ survival.

Conclusions:

Comprehensive molecular analyses revealed a heterogeneous and distinct expression and/or methylation profile of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in healthy lung vs. LUAD tissues across sex, age and smoking history and might have implications for COVID-19 disease.
Targeted Biological Effect of An Affitoxin Composed of an HPV16E7 Affibody Fused with Granzyme B (ZHPV16E7-GrB) Against Cervical Cancer In vitro and In vivo
Authors: Wang Wenhuan , Tan Xiaochun , Jiang Jie , Cai Yiqi , Feng Fangfang , Zhang Lifang , Li Wenshu
Published: December 2020

Background:

High risk type 16 of human papillomavirus (HPV16) is associated with
50% of cervical cancer, for which reliable targeted therapies are lacking. HPV early protein 7 (E7)
is an oncoprotein responsible for cell malignant transformation. In our previous work, a highly specific
affibody targeting HPV16E7 (ZHPV16E7) was developed.

Objective:

In order to improve the targeted therapeutic effect, the present study prepared an affitoxin
consisting of ZHPV16E7 fused with granzyme B (GrB), namely, ZHPV16E7-GrB, and evaluated its
targeting action in vitro and in vivo.

Methods:

The ZHPV16E7-GrB fusion protein was produced in a prokaryotic expression system. The
targeted binding properties of the ZHPV16E7-GrB to the HPV16E7 were confirmed by immunofluorescence
assay (IFA) in cervical cancer cell lines, by immunohistochemical assay (IHA) in cervical
cancer tissue from clinical specimens and by near-infrared imaging in tumour-bearing mice. The anti-
tumour effect on both cervical cancer cells in vitro and tumour-bearing mice in vivo were further
evaluated.

Results:

A 34-kDa ZHPV16E7-GrB fusion protein was produced in E. coli and displayed the corresponding
immunoreactivity. IFA revealed that ZHPV16E7-GrB bound specifically to HPV16-positive
TC-1 and SiHa cells. IHA showed that ZHPV16E7-GrB also bound specifically to HPV16-positive clinical
tissue specimens. In addition, the near-infrared imaging results showed that ZHPV16E7-GrB was
enriched in tumour tissues. Moreover, both the ZHPV16E7-GrB affitoxin and ZHPV16E7 affibody (without
GrB) significantly reduced the proliferation of cervical cancer cells in vitro and tumor-bearing
mice in vivo, and the anti-proliferative effect of ZHPV16E7-GrB was higher than that of the ZHPV16E7 affibody.

Conclusions:

The affitoxin by coupling the affibody with GrB is a promising targeted therapeutic
agent with the dual advantages of the targeted affibody and the GrB cytotoxin.
Forkhead-box A3 (FOXA3) Represses Cancer Stemness and Partially Potentiates Chemosensitivity by Targeting Metastasis-Associated in Colon Cancer 1 (MACC1) Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Li Na , Li Yun , Gao Hongbo , Li Jing , Ma Xiaoping , Liu Xiaomei , Gong Ping , Cui Xiaobin , Li Yong
Published: December 2020

Background:

The major challenge to the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC)
is the persistent occurrence of chemoresistance. One of the established etiologies is the existence of
cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), due to which, tumors show resistance to external therapeutic challenges.

Objective:

The forkhead-box A3 (FOXA3) is a potent transcription factor that potentiates the acquisition
and maintenance of stemness fate in many physiological systems. However, its effect on cancer
stemness, particularly treatment, has not been explored in CRC, forming the basis of the current
study.

Methods:

FOXA3 expression in oxaliplatin-resistant CRC tissues and cells was evaluated using
RT-qPCR. Effects of FOXA3 manipulation on sensitivity to oxaliplatin were assessed using
WST-1, apoptotic ELISA, colony formation and xenograft model. Effects of FOXA3 alteration on
CSCs were determined using tumorsphere assay and CD44 staining. Transcriptional regulation of
MACC1 by FOXA3 was studied using ChIP, Co-IP and luciferase reporter assay.

Results:

FOXA3 expression was significantly reduced in tumor samples from oxaliplatin-non-responsive
patients compared with that in tumor samples from oxaliplatin-sensitive patients. This
downregulation of FOXA3 expression predicted a poor post-chemotherapy overall- or disease-free
survival in our 117-patient cohort. FOXA3 down-regulation significantly enhanced cell survival
and stem-like properties, thus rendering the CRC cells unresponsiveness to oxaliplatin-induced cell
death. Mechanistically, the anti-neoplastic effect of FOXA3 was mediated mainly through transcriptional
repression of metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) in oxaliplatin-resistant
CRC cells.

Conclusion:

Our findings establish FOXA3 as a potent tumor suppressor in CRC, which may disrupt
the maintenance of stemness and modulate sensitivity to oxaliplatin by inhibiting the transcription
of MACC1 within CRC cells.
Treatment of Tannery Wastewater Through the Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactor
Authors: Rech Henrique Azevedo , Agustini Caroline Borges , Soares Mariliz Gutterres
Published: December 2020

The leather industry is an essential sector, especially in countries with highly developed
livestock as they use rawhide to produce high-valued leather products. The leather-making process
uses different chemicals and is a source of environmental pollution if the wastewater is not properly
treated. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze a Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) as
a new technology for the biological treatment of tannery wastewater. This system incorporate benefits
provided by the suspended growth systems, which have already been consolidated in treating
wastewater, such as activated sludge and the advantage of growth adhered to biocarriers that have a
large surface area. Incorporating activated sludge into MBBR enables the removal of both organic
and nitrogen pollutants. Studies have shown that MBBR treatment efficiency depends on biocarrier
surface area, composition, texture, and reactor operating conditions, such as filling fraction, hydraulic
retention time, dissolved oxygen, and volumetric organic load.
Flavonoids in the Treatment of Diabetes: Clinical Outcomes and Mechanism to Ameliorate Blood Glucose Levels
Authors: Al Duhaidahawi Dunya , Hasan Samer A. , Al Zubaidy Haider F.S.
Published: December 2020

Background::

For thousands of years, natural food products have been a medicine for diseases that affect the human body, including diabetes mellitus. Lately, several investigations have studied the flavonoids derivatives of plant origins and their biological activity. Given our need to know more mechanisms for treating this disease,

Methods::

we will do a thorough research review on treating diabetes mellitus based on flavonoids, its therapeutic potential, and biological action.

Results::

Flavonoids reduces complications in addition to its vital role as effective supplements for preventing diabetes mellitus by regulating glucose metabolism, lipid profile, liver enzyme activity, a protein kinase inhibitor, PPAR, AMPK with NF-κB

Conclusion::

Articles that we reviewed showed the positive role of flavonoids, which at a certain way reduce diabetes, but its side effects are still missing, this review focus on the different type of dietary flavonoids along with their mechanism in reducing blood glucose and enhance insulin sensitivity as well as some side effects
Isolation and Characterization of Leishmanial Adenine Aminohydrolase
as a Drug Target
Authors: Butt Firdous , Yasinzai Masoom , Malik Shaukat Iqbal , Munir Anum
Published: December 2020

Background:

Search for new drug targets is becoming imperative these days given that marketed chemotherapeutic drugs have lost their efficacy against harmful agents because of adaptability to climatic changes and co-evolving vectors to new hosts. In the wake of such challenge prominence of biochemical studies is increasing by way of exploring selective enzymes and investigating their structural and functional properties through biochemical kinetic parameter Km for the application of IC50 using designed drugs. Recently discovered Adenine Aminohydrolase [EC 3.5.4.2) in Leishmania has been found to be absent in mammalian purine salvage pathway and thus considered as a promising drug target against infectious agents.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to isolate and characterize AAH by learning its kinetic mode of action using preferred substrate Adenine and additives estimated through expected product formation Hypoxanthine. Bioassays designed to measure exact Enzyme kinetic parameter Km value through establishing hyperbolic curve of enzyme reaction with the use of exact values of cellular quantities for IC50 application under experimental conditions devised by presteady state approach for SSA validity.

Methods:

Following saturation kinetic, the plot of hyperbolic equilibrium curve developed using initial rates of product formation as a function of [Si] through forward shift under circumstance dG0 the system allows product and reactant favored reactions in relation to[Ef]1≈[E=KM] until complete saturation and estimates Km and Vmax of enzyme system under applied conditions. M-M equation used to assess experimental initial rate data for estimation of Km on excel using Solver and nonlinear least square coefficient correlation “R2”using logarithmic equation for nonlinear curve assessment.

Results:

UV/Vis spectrophotometer selectively analyzed reacting components confirming Enzyme characteristic reaction constant Km equal toi15.0 ± 2 μ mol acquired from the Hyperbolic curve developed through use of exact [Si] ranges at selected parameter Km and Vmax. The curve assessed by Michaelis Menten equation provide Km value=14.99 μmol and non-linear least square coefficient correlation “R2” value equal to 0.9895,.along with that optimized lysis buffer formulation. In the docked complexes, the interactive amino acids identified were MSE441, ALA 364, GLN363, MSE518, VAL362, GLY517, ASP538, ALA445, TYR521, and TYR444. 2D interactions revealed hydrophobic and alkyl interactions at non-competitive binding site of the enzyme and therefore recommended as a potential inhibitors against 3ICS protein.

Conclusion:

This study encourages biochemical analysis of the novel enzymes with the use of presteady state rationale in association with the computational tools as an effective way of designing drugs in short time against selective enzymes to meet the current challenge efficiently.
Morphological Controlled Synthesis of FeCo Nanoparticles and Their Magnetic Properties
Authors: Kopplu Prathap , Kuchi Rambabu , Kim Dongsoo , Rao Mandava Venkata Basaveswara , Jeong Jong-Ryul , Rao Tentu N.
Published: December 2020

Objective:

Controlled morphological FeCo nanoparticles with different Fe/Co ratios were prepared by a
surfactant-free modified chemical reduction process in the water medium.

Methods:

Polyethylene glycol [PEG 200] was used to protect from areal oxidation of FeCo alloy, and a mixture of
hydrazine, sodium hydroxide was served as the reducing system in this process.

Results:

It was found that the shape of FeCo nanoparticles varied from flakes to cubes according to
the atomic ratio of the metal precursors. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data showed that the prepared samples
with different compositions got a single-phase body-centered–cubic structured FeCo alloy.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed all
sample's atomic ratios and sizes (FeCo cubes with a size of ~130 nm).

Conclusion:

The vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) measurements reveal that the Fe60Co40 had
the highest magnetization of 208 emu/g among all samples.
Evaluation of Anti-Tumor Potential of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC4356 Culture Supernatants in MCF-7 Breast Cancer
Authors: Behzadi Ramazan , Hormati Ahmad , Eivaziatashbeik Karim , Ahmadpour Sajjad , Khodadust Fatemeh , Zaboli Fatemeh , Fattahi Esmail , Jahanban-­Esfahlan Rana , Seidi Khaled
Published: December 2020

Background:

The anti-cancer activity of some lactic acid bacterial strains is well documented in
several kinds of literatures. Lactobacillus strains have received considerable attention as a beneficial microbiota.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of anti-tumor activities of L. acidophilus ATCC4356 culture
supernatants on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.

Materials and Methods:

The anti-cancer effects of 24h and 48h culture supernatants at various concentrations
(1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μg/ml) were determined by various in vitro and in vivo assays including MTT, tumor
volume measurement as well as 99mTc-MIBI biodistribution in MCF-7 tumor bearing nude mice and
histopathology test. For evaluation of the related mechanism of action, quantitative PCR was conducted.

Results:

The 48h culture supernatants at 10 and 20 μg/ml exhibited significant in vitro inhibition of MCF-7 cell
proliferation. However, this inhibition was not observed for HUVEC human endothelial normal cells. Q-PCR
indicated that treatment by the supernatant led to a significant downregulation of VEGFR (~0.009 fold) and Bcl-
2 (~ 0.5 fold) and upregulation of p53 (~ 1.3 fold). In vivo study using MCF-7 xenograft mouse models
demonstrated a reduction in tumor weight and volume by both 24h and 48h supernatants (2 mg/kg) after 15 days.
According to the 99mTc-MIBI biodistribution result, treatment of MCF-7 bearing nude mice with both 24h and
48h supernatant (2mg/kg) led to a significant decrease in tumor uptake compared with the control group.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that the culture supernatants of L. acidophilus ATCC4356 at suitable
concentrations can be considered as a good alternative nutraceutical with promising therapeutic indexes for
breast cancer.
Evaluation of the Binding Affinity of Anti-Viral Drugs against Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2 Through a Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Mondal Milon , Sarkar Chandan , Jamaddar Sarmin , Khalipha Abul B. R. , Islam Muhammad Torequl , Mahafzah Azmi , Mubarak Mohammad S.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a life intimidating viral infection caused by a positive
sense RNA virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family, named severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARA-CoV-2). Since its outbreak in December 2019, the pandemic has spread to more than 200 countries, infected more than 26 million, and claimed the lives of more than 800,000 people. As a disease, COVID-19 can lead to severe and
occasionally fatal respiratory problems in humans. Infection with this virus is associated with fever, cough, dyspnea, and
muscle aches, and it may progress to pneumonia, multiple organ failure, and death. To date, there is no specific antiviral
treatment against this virus. However, the main viral protease has been recently discovered and it is regarded as an appropriate target for antiviral agents in the search for treatment of COVID-19, due to its pivotal role in polyproteins processing during viral replication.

Aim:

Consequently, this study intends to evaluate the effectiveness of FDA-approved anti-viral drugs against SARA-CoV-2
through a molecular docking study.

Methods:

AutoDock Vina in PyRx platform was used for docking analysis against the main viral protease (Mpro) (PDB ID
6LU7), and Computed Atlas of Surface Topography of proteins (CASTp 3.0) was applied for detecting and characterizing
cavities, pockets, and channels of this protein structure.

Results:

Results revealed that among the conventional antiviral drugs, the protease inhibitors, lopinavir, amprenavir, indinavir, maraviroc, saquinavir, and daclatasvir showed high binding affinity and interacted with amino acid residues of the
binding site.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, protease inhibitors may be effective potential antiviral agents against Mpro to combat SARSCoV-2.
A Survey on Prevention Techniques for Camcorder Video Piracy in Movie Theaters
Authors: Thanki Rohit , Borra Surekha
Published: December 2020

Movies, advertisements, and promotional videos are Intellectual Property (IP) and are
often shared on open access medium as part of the business. Fueled by the advancements in technology,
piracy has become more rampant and a widely spread crime in many countries. Movie piracy
is more dangerous to mega-budget producers who struggle to receive the maximum profit of their
films, making them compete with smaller films, results in the cheapest alternatives, jeopardizing the
production of more films, artistic pool, shooting sites, camera equipment, special effects, quality and
much more. Apart from the big shrinking of the job market for film jobs, sponsorship, unions, and
merchandising get affected greatly. Many advanced technologies, apart from watermarking, such as
Infrared based techniques, are used to estimate the position of the pirate and reduce piracy. This paper
reviews the enabling technologies in the fight against video piracy, focusing mainly on methods
for stopping these emerging methods of piracy in theatres.
Research Status and Progress of Microwave Associated Leaching
Authors: Du Jinjia , Yang Yong , Omran Mamdouh , Guo Shenghui
Published: December 2020

Microwave heating technology, as a new green metallurgical method, is the core technology
used in metallurgical engineering. Based on a brief overview of the principle of microwave technology
heating and its application in the metallurgical industry, this paper summarizes the latest research progress
and development status of the current microwave heating technology in the hydrometallurgy
leaching process and the trend of the application of microwave heating technology in metallurgy. A detailed
classification and discussion on the leaching process of common metals were made. The purpose
is to further improve the application level of the technology and provide technical support for the improvement
of the market position of China’s metallurgical industry. Finally, the problems that need to
be urgently solved in the hydrometallurgy of microwave-assisted leaching are further discussed and
prospects and suggestions are also discussed.
The Overall Design of the Comber Drive Control System
Authors: Wang Xiaobei
Published: December 2020

Objective:

The cotton textile industry, as a competitive industry in China's international competition, is
confronting new opportunities and challenges brought by the growing process of mechatronics. To further improve the
traditional drive control of combing machines made in China and the automatic level of machines as a whole, some of our
cotton textile enterprises have undertaken necessary technical transformations on the combing machines so as to raise the
operational efficiency and production technology of domestic textile equipments.

Methods:

This paper focuses on the basic status and dynamic characteristics of the drive part of the domestic new comber,
and analyzes the operation process of the comber and the prominent problems from the production practice.

Results:

The technically improved drive control system uses an industrial control computer (IPC) as the core of the
system, which effectively improves the overall working efficiency of the comber, and improves the production accuracy
and production efficiency.

Conclusion:

The combers that are textile machinery equipments with comprehensive application of machines, electricity,
gases and instruments, play a vital role in enhancing product quality and production efficiency. Highly intelligent and
integrated process control, real-time monitoring and accurate data acquisition and data analysis have become the
mainstreams in the development of auto-control. Therefore, the commitment of high technology to transform the
traditional production mode has also been an important research.
A Novel Bi-Key Computational Algorithm for Secure Data Transmission
in Smart Meter Environment
Authors: Bagri Dhirendra , Rathore Shashikant
Published: December 2020

Objective:

Smart grid is an entity which dwells on a network of Energy Transmission with Integrated data
transmission it works for flow of energy and Transmission of data that is generated by the stakeholders and in return it
provides them the required electricity without any hurdles or disturbance. The versatility and integrity of entire network
completely rely on the truthful data which gets floated from variety of distributed users in the network. There is a huge
chance to get attacked through hijacking of smart communication network. Another concern remains raised about unable
to use the existing security algorithm due to the enormous amount of data that gets generated in the distributed
environment. So, these issues facilitate to work on designing the security algorithm for providing better security and better
efficiency in smart meter communication.

Methods:

This paper is presented with proposed model with enhanced security that not just only encrypt the enormous
amount of data but also it does the work of encryption in very less time. The proposed algorithm is based on bi-key
computational algorithm where two different entities are used as keys, with the use of this algorithm the task of finding the
original data gets transformed into NP hard problem.

Results:

The Proposed algorithm is analyzed with existing cryptographic algorithm and found more secure and provide
better performance.

Conclusion:

This paper presents simulated results obtained in MATLAB which Justify the adaptability and acceptability
of proposed algorithms for enormous generated data.
A Survey on Formal Verification of Separation Kernels
Authors: Bhushan Ram Chandra , Yadav Dharmendra K.
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

In developing safety and security critical systems, separation kernel acts as a primary foundation,
which provides spatial as well as temporal separation. Separation kernel offers highly assured partitions to the applications
hosted on the fundamentally critical systems and can also control the flow of information between them. The industries, as
well as academia, have developed several separation kernels that have been broadly applied in critical systems like
military/defense secured applications, avionics/aerospace intelligent systems, healthcare units that deal with human lives
and in many more areas. The increasing popularity of separation kernels demands the formal verification that assures the
correctness of the functionalities in it. Further, formal verification of separation kernels has become mandatory by the
security/safety certification authorities.

Conclusion:

This paper first presents the concept of separation kernel, and then it discusses the functionalities, design,
and properties of it. The classification and analysis of the formal languages are being presented in this paper that has been
used for writing the specifications of separation kernel and verifying it. The paper is an attempt towards the classification
of formal languages being used for the verification of several separation kernels.
BRIDGES, Breast Cancer Risk after Diagnostic Gene Sequencing, HORIZON2020
Authors: Devilee Peter , Schmidt Marjanka
Published: December 2020

"Breast cancer affects more than 360,000 women per year in the EU and causes more than 90,000 deaths. Identification of women at high risk of the disease can lead to early detection or disease prevention through intensive screening, therapeutic and/or lifestyle preventive measures,
or prophylactic surgery. Breast cancer risk is determined by a combination of genetic and lifestyle risk factors. The advent of next generation sequencing has opened the opportunity for testing in many disease genes, and diagnostic gene panel testing is being introduced in many EU countries.
However, the cancer risks associated with most variants in most genes are unknown. This leads to a major problem in appropriate counselling and management of women undergoing panel testing. The BRIDGES and B-CAST projects are jointly building a knowledge base that will allow identification
of women at high-risk of specific subtypes of breast cancer, through comprehensive evaluation of DNA variants in known and suspected breast cancer genes. The effort exploits the huge resources established through the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) and ENIGMA (Evidence-based Network
for the Interpretation of Germline Mutant Alleles). Existing datasets will be expanded by sequencing all known breast cancer susceptibility genes in >100,000 breast cancer cases and controls from population-based studies. Risk factor and tumour genome data have been collected for 10,000
cases. Jointly, the data will allow us to generate a comprehensive risk model with unprecedented discriminative power, that can provide personalised risk estimates. We will develop online tools to aid the interpretation of gene variants and provide risk estimates in a user-friendly format,
to help genetic counsellors and patients worldwide to make informed clinical decisions for risk management. We will evaluate the acceptability and utility of comprehensive gene panel testing in the clinical genetics context."
Regional comparison on formation of Agro–Medico Polis and expansion of well-being
Authors: Ikegami Koichi
Published: December 2020

The global trend amongst developed countries is towards lower fertility and ageing societies. At the same time, people around the world are continuing to move away from rural areas and towards cities. As societies age, many countries will need to create effective ways to look after
the needs of the new population. Emeritus Professor Koichi Ikegami, from the Faculty of Agriculture at Kindai University, Japan, has a keen interest in this field and is working to create an agro-medico-polis model, which links medical, care, food and agricultural sectors, for integrating
an elderly society and sustainable agricultural practices.
Origin and formation of Yaponesians based on genome sequences
Authors: Saitou Naruya
Published: December 2020

The ebb and flow of human migration across the planet can nowadays be probed with advanced archaeology, linguistics, anthropology and genomics. Together, these can provide a convincing picture of the various divergences and convergences of different human populations across vast areas.
It is now possible to better understand how, why and where a particular group or society arose. Professor Naruya Saitou of the Population Genetics Laboratory at the National Institute of Genetics in Mishima has dedicated his career to the synthesis of these disciplines. The current focus of
his research is on understanding the origins and formation of the Yaponesian people. This broad term was coined by writer Toshio Shimao in 1960s to encompass the diverse peoples of the Japanese Archipelago over its many thousands of years of inhabitation. Saitou's research is helping to uncover
Japan's ancient past.
Study of critical manufacturing processes for the creation of 3D and fully transparent medical models of aneurysm and bronchi of the Lung
Authors: Chen Pin-Chuan , Liu Wei-Hsiu
Published: December 2020

To support the training of neurosurgeons, innovative simulators associated with professional medical courses are needed. Virtual reality and 3D models have been making their way into surgical training facilities and medical schools for several years. However, both simulators cannot
provide a hands-on and tactile experience of what it is like to see and feel in a real surgical procedure. Professor Pin-Chuan Chen of the Mechanical Engineering Department at the National Taiwan University of Science and neurosurgeon Dr Wei-Hsiu Liu of the National Defense Medical Center,
are collaborating to design and create a new generation of lifelike medical simulators for neurosurgery training.
Expert Opinions on the Most Promising Treatments and Vaccine Candidates for COVID-19: Global Cross-sectional Survey of Virus Researchers in the Early Months of the Pandemic
Authors: Cabral Bernardo Pereira , Braga Luiza , Mota Fabio
Published: December 2020

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic presents a great public health challenge worldwide, especially given the urgent need to identify effective drugs and develop a vaccine in a short period of time. Globally, several drugs and vaccine candidates are in clinical trials. However, because these drugs and vaccines are still being tested, there is still no definition of which ones will succeed.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the opinions of over 1000 virus researchers with knowledge on the prevention and treatment of coronavirus-related human diseases to determine the most promising drug and vaccine candidates to address COVID-19.

Methods

We mapped the clinical trials related to COVID-19 registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. These data were used to prepare a survey questionnaire about treatments and vaccine candidates for COVID-19. In May 2020, a global survey was conducted with authors of recent scientific publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection related to viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, coronaviruses, and COVID-19.

Results

Remdesivir, immunoglobulin from cured patients, and plasma were considered to be the most promising treatments in May 2020, while ChAdOx1 and mRNA-1273 were considered to be the most promising vaccine candidates. Almost two-thirds of the respondents (766/1219, 62.8%) believed that vaccines for COVID-19 were likely to be available in the next 18 months. Slightly fewer than 25% (289/1219, 23.7%) believed that a vaccine was feasible, but probably not within 18 months.

Conclusions

The issues addressed in this study are constantly evolving; therefore, the current state of knowledge has changed since the survey was conducted. However, for several months after the survey, the respondents’ expectations were in line with recent results related to treatments and vaccine candidates for COVID-19.