bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Semantics of Trwm in Middle Welsh Prose
Authors: Parina Elena
Published: November 2021

Like its Goidelic cognate trom, analysed in Dereza (this volume), Welsh trwm is highly polysemous. In contrast to Dereza’s more general approach, I discuss here in detail the usage of this adjective in one relatively short period, based on the Welsh Prose 1300–1425 corpus (Luft et al. 2013). In order to make the Goidelic and Welsh data comparable, I analyse my data using the same classification of senses as Dereza. Despite some difficulties arising from the structure of the corpus used, I discuss the frequency of the usage within the four domains: experiential, parametrical, psycho-physiological and emotional. The last domain is the main focus of my attention due to the diversity of constructions in which trwm is thus used. I end by drawing some conclusions concerning the use of Celtic data in lexical typology.
Use of MeNTS, Frailty and Symptom Scales for selecting surgical patients during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A retrospective study
Authors: Tafur Betancourt Luis Alberto , Rosero Cundar Adriana Sofía , Remolina Granados Sergio Andrés , Arévalo Marcela , Millán G. María del Mar , Lema Flórez Eduardo , Zorrilla Vacca Andrés , Ruiz Holguín Víctor Hernán , Ceballos Catalina , Quintero Soto Jaime
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to the cancellation of non-emergent surgeries in order to optimize the use of resources. Once the elective medical services are restored, a technical and ethical strategy becomes critical to select candidate patients for elective surgery.

Objective: To describe the results from the implementation of MeNTS (Medically Necessary Time-sensitive Procedures), FI-CGA, and survey on COVID-19 symptoms Scales, as methods for the selection of patients who were candidates for elective surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, in a third level institution in Cali, Colombia.

Methodology: The databases of the results on the administration of MeNTS, frailty index (FI-CGA) and COVID 19 symptoms scales in patients who were candidates for elective surgery in a third level clinic in Cali city, between March 1st and August 31st, 2020 were reviewed.

Results: A total of 1,044 patients were included, of which 647 (62.0 %) were females, with a mean age of 52 years (interquartile range [IQR] 38-62). 98 % of the patients were asymptomatic, the overall median score for MeNTS was 48 (IQR 44-52) and the average for FI-CGA was 0.0 (standard deviation 0.1).

Conclusions: MeNTS, FI-CGA and the Symptoms Survey are easily accessible scales amidst the pandemic and are helpful to select patients with intermediate and low risk of perioperative morbidity in elective surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Further studies are required to confirm these findings and to clarify the potential of these tools in the selection of patients that meet the criteria to be identified as high risk.
Intergenerational Transgressions in the Context of Changes in the Value of Human Capital in an Organization
Authors: Lipka Anna
Published: November 2021

The article analyzes the influence of intergenerational transgressions on changes in the value of human capital in an organization. It uses the historical cost method as well as the discounted cash flow method, proposing a prior methodical approach with their application. Also considered is the impact of risk on the increase or decrease in value and adequate personal strategies are addressed.
Workplace Spirituality in HRM
Authors: Samul Joanna
Published: November 2021

The paper presents the main topics of research in the field of workplace spirituality in the context of human resource management (HRM). The study is based on a literature review and bibliometric analysis of publications in order to determine the main topics undertaken in this field and their importance for human resource management. In total, 123 publications from the Web of Science database from the years 1999–2020 were analyzed using cluster analysis applying the VOSviewer method. The paper provides definitions and dimensions of workplace spirituality, and considers the significance of spirituality in human resource management. The contribution of the research is to shed light on the concept of a spiritual workplace in HRM and to indicate directions for future research in this field.
Zrównoważone wykorzystywanie technologii cyfrowych w pracy zdalnej i hybrydowej
Authors: Gierszon Barbara
Published: November 2021

Wykorzystanie szerokiej gamy narzędzi telekomunikacyjnych może usprawnić procesy zarządzania poprzez szybkie komunikowanie się ludzi na odległość. Jak pokazują badania, pomimo swojej skuteczności długotrwałe uczestniczenie w interakcjach zapośredniczonych przez komunikatory jest jednak obciążające i może prowadzić do przeciążenia pracowników. Artykuł ma charakter przeglądowy. Ukazuje przyspieszony rozwój pracy zdalnej, związany z progresją ery cyfrowej i epidemią COVID-19 od 2020 roku. Na tym tle zostały ukazane oczekiwania pracowników co do pracy zdalnej i hybrydowej oraz następstwa związane z długotrwałym korzystaniem z ich narzędzi.. Na podstawie wyników dostępnych badań w artykule zawarto rekomendacje dla menedżerów i pracowników personalnych w sprawie równoważenia pracy zdalnej i hybrydowej
Kompetencje HR BP w odniesieniu do ról pełnionych w organizacji
Authors: Kopertyńska Maria Wanda , Dernowska Natalia
Published: November 2021

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących kompetencji HR biznes partnera (HRBP), koniecznych do realizacji zadań w ramach pełnionych przez niego czterech ról, czyli: partnera strategicznego, agenta zmian, rzecznika pracowników i eksperta administracyjnego. Jako metodę badawczą wykorzystano zogniskowany wywiad grupowy oraz sondaż diagnostyczny z użyciem badania ankietowego, przeprowadzony w grupie dwudziestu dwóch osób pełniących role HRBP w organizacjach. Respondenci oceniali znaczenie składowych kompetencji w odniesieniu do poszczególnych ról w skali od 1 do 5, gdzie 1 oznaczało zdecydowanie nieistotne, a 5 – zdecydowanie istotne. Na bazie przeprowadzonych badań opracowano zestawy kompetencji HRBP w zależności od ról pełnionych w organizacji
HR biznes partner jako coach społecznej odpowiedzialności przedsiębiorstw i zrównoważonego rozwoju
Authors: Klimkiewicz Katarzyna , Staszkiewicz Marzena
Published: November 2021

Artykuł został poświęcony problematyce społecznej odpowiedzialności przedsiębiorstw (corporate cocial responsibility – CSR) i zrównoważonego rozwoju oraz temu, jak HR biznes partner (HRBP) może dzięki działaniom coachingowym, zgodnie z założeniem coachingu wiedzy, rozwijać kompetencje menedżera związane ze społeczną odpowiedzialnością przedsiębiorstw i zrównoważonym rozwojem. Podstawą do nakreślenia rodzaju tych aktywności stała się trójkomponentowa definicja kompetencji, w której podkreślono konieczność uwzględniania trzech obszarów istotnych dla ich całościowego, kompleksowego rozwoju. Opisano komponenty poznawcze, motywacyjne i behawioralne oraz ich znaczenie dla kształtowania kompetencji menedżera w obszarze społecznej odpowiedzialności przedsiębiorstw i zrównoważonego rozwoju.
Revisiting the Balanced Book Hypothesis – Bettor Preferences and Results in the NFL
Authors: Paul Rodney , Weinbach Andrew
Published: November 2021

Data on betting percentages, both in terms of number of bets and actual money wagered, is still difficult to find.  Sports Action Network, in their premium access service, does provide this data in terms of both number of bets and money bet.  For the2020 NFL season, it was found that the balanced book could be rejected as bettors were shown to prefer road favorites, big favorites, and the over at the highest totals.  Allowing this imbalance in the sides market appeared profitable for the book as the underdog won more often than implied by efficiency, while totals were evenly split.
Renoprotective Effect of Fucoidan from Seaweed Sargassum angustifolium C. Agardh 1820 on Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: From Marine Resources to Therapeutic Uses
Authors: Pourkhalili Khalil , Karimi Zeinab , Farzaneh Mohammad Reza , Ehsandoost Elham , Mohammadi Mehdi , Lotfipour Mohammad , Akbari Zahra
Published: November 2021

Background: Nephrotoxicity is a major side effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics, caused by oxidative damage and inflammation. Fucoidan, a group of sulfated polysaccharides derived from different species of brown algae, are well recognized for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to investigate, for the first time, the efficacy of fucoidan extracted from Sargassum angustifolium C. Agardh 1820 against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Methods: Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of control, gentamicin (100 mg/kg), and gentamicin plus 50- and 100-mg/kg/day fucoidan pretreatment. In the end, all rats were killed, and then urine, blood, and tissue samples were prepared. Kidney weight (KW), body weight (BW), and 24-hour urine volume, as well as serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Cr clearance, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, were measured. Kidney samples were also evaluated for histopathological changes. Results: Gentamicin significantly increased KW, KW/BW ratio, 24-hour urine volume, serum Cr, MDA, and BUN levels; however, fucoidan pretreatment, especially at a dose of 50 mg/kg, significantly returned these variables near to the control group values. Gentamicin also decreased BW gain, Cr clearance, SOD activity, and the degree of renal tissue damage compared to the control group, while treatment with fucoidan significantly reversed these alterations. Conclusions: The results show that fucoidan from S. angustifolium C. Agardh 1820 ameliorates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity by alleviating oxidative stress and augmenting antioxidant enzymes activity in renal tissue, suggesting the potential use of this fucoidan in a clinical setting.
Zdroje a šíření vybraných komodit keramické produkce vrcholného a pozdního středověku
Authors: Hložek Martin , Tymonová Markéta , Nosek Vojtěch , Měchurová Zdeňka , Holub Petr , Sedláčková Lenka , Zůbek Antonín , Jordánková Hana , Jagosz-Zarzycka Zofia , Gregerová Miroslava
Published: November 2021

The publication is focused on late medieval pottery products with higher aesthetical effect. The key group is represented by stove tiles, where the unifying elements of relief decoration helped to define series of motifs for stoves with specific iconographic concept, which were found in various locations. The same approach can be also used with small ceramic sculptures, aquamaniles and relief-decorated floor tiles, even though the achieved information value in these cases is much lower. Micropetrographic, XRF and other analyses helped to identify the production centres and the distribution model of these ceramic groups. 3D documentation enabled a detailed comparison of differences between individual reliefs and specific traces of manufacturing procedures. Individual chapters contain active links to the source database of analysed items and to 3D models of selected specimens from reference collections.
Tržní riziko: zbytný předpoklad kvalifikace (investičního) fondu?
Authors: Weiss Lukáš
Published: November 2021

The current public regulation of investment funds affects a wide range of contractual or corporate investment plans. If the investment plan falls under this regulation, it can be implemented only with the appropriate permit (or registration) under the supervision of supervisory authorities. Any misconduct is strictly sanctioned. This paper aims to answer the key question of whether one of the necessary material features or assumptions of the investment fund is that the investor’s investment is exposed to market risk arising from the acquisition, holding, or sale of assets in this fund. Decision-making practice has shown in the past that this material feature of the investment fund can be interpreted differently, which has had and have to have an impact on the predictability of the legal environment, legal certainty for capital market participants, and the capital market as a whole.
One Hundred Years of the Pathology Medical Student Fellowship
Authors: Hammer Phoebe , Ireland Karen , Houghton Donald C. , Jaggers Alexis , Coleman Anya , Snir Olivia L. , Troxell Megan L. , Andeen Nicole K.
Published: November 2021

Context.—

The Pathology Medical Student Fellowship (PSF) is a unique, year-long immersive educational experience. Review of institutional archives describes a medical student “Fellowship in Pathology” founded in 1919.

Objective.—

To characterize the impacts of this 100-year-old program.

Design.—

We determined the subsequent medical specialty of each PSF graduate in our department and surveyed those with available contact information.

Results.—

Of 145 pathology student fellows graduating between 1924 and 2020, a total of 50 (34.4%) matched into pathology; medical, surgical, and radiology subspecialties were also well-represented career choices. Between 2001 and 2020, of 36 students who matched into pathology from our institution, 19 (52.8%) had completed the fellowship. Survey respondents (n = 42) indicated that before the PSF, 11 of 42 students (26.2 %) were undecided in their specialty, with only 6 (14.3%) identifying pathology as their primary field of interest. Of survey respondents who had completed training, 26 (61.9%) practice in academic settings. Nonpathology physicians reported frequent utilization of skills gained during the PSF year, with 5 of 23 (21.7%) responding “daily,” and 9 (39.1%) responding “weekly.” The most useful skills included knowledge of pathophysiology of disease and anatomy, improved communication with multidisciplinary teams, and/or interpretation of pathology results (each selected by 17 to 20 students, 73.9%–87.0%). Free-text responses on impacts of the PSF described enhanced knowledge of disease pathobiology and diagnostic complexity and increased confidence and autonomy.

Conclusions.—

We describe the program structure, educational benefits, graduate specialty choices, and career impacts of 100 years of the PSF at our institution. Although undecided before pathology exposure, many PSF graduates subsequently enter pathology careers. Regardless of specialty choice, PSF graduates have a high rate of subsequently pursuing academic medical careers.
Vulnerabilidade costeira a derrames de óleo e à inundação de uma ilha fluvio-estuarina amazônica – Ilha de Mosqueiro (Belém-Pará-Brasil)
Authors: Parente Yago Yguara , Mendes Amilcar Carvalho , Oliveira de Miranda Artur Gustavo , Lopes Karina da Silva
Published: November 2021

O Índice de Vulnerabilidade Costeira (IVC) consiste em um método que foi projetado para sinalizar segmentos costeiros de alta vulnerabilidade, no qual são combinados diversos fatores de risco individuais para compor um único índice. Desse modo, representa uma ferramenta para a geração de informações de grande significância para o planejamento e o gerenciamento costeiro integrado. O objetivo desse trabalho foi apresentar o diagnóstico da vulnerabilidade costeira aos incidentes que envolvam derrame de derivados de hidrocarbonetos e, também, o prognóstico da vulnerabilidade costeira à inundação da Ilha de Mosqueiro (Belém-Pará-Brasil), em escala de 1:25.000. Foram utilizados dois tipos de IVC: o primeiro, por ser amplamente difundido, foi denominado de IVC-Padrão, que levou em consideração as seguintes variáveis: geomorfologia, variação da linha de costa, declividade, cenários de elevação do nível médio do mar, altura significativa de ondas e amplitude de maré; o segundo, IVC ao Derrame de Derivados de Petróleo (IVC-DDP), é uma metodologia inédita que integra o Índice de Sensibilidade do Litoral (ISL), a variação da linha de costa, a infraestrutura urbana e a vegetação. A partir da análise dos resultados foi constatado que o mapeamento do IVC-Padrão apresentou apenas duas classes de vulnerabilidade (baixa e média), sendo que, para a escala proposta, não houve variação significativa da linha de costa da área estudada. Por outro lado, o IVC-DDP permitiu a definição de quatro classes, onde as classes mais frágeis se concentraram no setor noroeste da Ilha, devido à mancha urbana encontrar-se nesta região. Assim, a Ilha de Mosqueiro apresenta pequeno grau de vulnerabilidade associado à inundação, entretanto alto grau, em relação ao derramamento de óleo. Palavras-chave: Gestão costeira, sensibilidade litorânea, mudanças climáticas, inundação.
Linguistic creativity of the avant-garde: language functions in literary and advertising discourses
Authors: Sokolova Olga V. , Feshchenko Vladimir V.
Published: November 2021

The article departs from two non-referential functions of language — the poetic (expres­sive) and conative (appellative) functions — described by many linguists starting from Ro­man Jakobson and Karl Bühler. Their combined effect is shown using examples of linguistic techniques from the two types of discourse — the Russian literary avant-garde and the avant-garde advertising-propagandа — outreach. A discursive analysis of Russian literary (experi­mental) and advertising (avant-garde) texts is carried out from the standpoint of the theory of linguistic creativity. For each of the working subcorpora (artistic and advertising discourses of the 1910—1930s), the authors distinguish macro-discursive, micro-discursive and inter-discursive parameters that affect linguistic innovations at different levels — from phonologi­cal to pragmatic. It is concluded that the strategy of delayed, de-automated perception is im­plemented in the experimental literary discourse. It is achieved by focusing the message on its own form (the implementation of the poetic function). In the avant-garde advertising, the message should be as clear as possible in its form and should be easily perceived by an ad­dressee (the implementation of the conative function) not to focus attention on the text but rather on the action that the reader is expected to perform on the object of reference.
Analysis of Recurrent Events with Associated Informative Censoring: Application to HIV Data
Authors: Ejoku Jonathan , Odhiambo Collins , Chaba Linda
Published: November 2021

In this study, we adapt a Cox-based model for recurrent events; the Prentice, Williams and Peterson Total -Time (PWP-TT) that has largely, been used under the assumption of non-informative censoring and evaluate it under an informative censoring setting. Empirical evaluation was undertaken with the aid of the semi-parametric framework for recurrent events suggested by Huang [1] and implemented in R Studio software. For validation we used data from a typical HIV care setting in Kenya. Of the three models under consideration; the standard Cox Model had gender hazard ratio (HR) of 0.66 (p-value=0.165), Andersen-Gill had HR 0.46 (with borderline p-value=0.054) and extended PWP TT had HR 0.22 (p-value=0.006). The PWP-TT model performed better as compared to other models under informative setting. In terms of risk factors under informative setting, LTFU due to stigma; gender [base=Male] had HR 0.544 (p-value =0.002), age [base is < 37] had HR 0.772 (p-value=0.008), ART regimen [base= First line] had HR 0.518 (p-value= 0.233) and differentiated care model (Base=not on DCM) had HR 0.77(p-value=0.036). In conclusion, in spite of the multiple interventions designed to address incidences of LTFU among HIV patients, within-person cases of LTFU are usually common and recurrent in nature, with the present likelihood of a person getting LTFU influenced by previous occurrences and therefore informative censoring should be checked
UTICAJI MEDIJA I MOBINGA NA ZAPOSLENE U REPUBLICI SRBIJI
Authors: Stankov Sanja , Rakić Aleksandar
Published: November 2021

Veoma je bitno pričati o mobingu, značajnu ulogu ima podrška medija, jer ukoliko ljudi imaju više informacija, onda mogu i da znaju na šta da se požale. Ćutanje javnosti predstavlja ćutanje žrtvi. Poražavajuća činjenica jeste što se mnogi ne odlučuju da prijave mobing iz straha da ne ostanu bez posla, kao i zbog toga što na putu da se izbore za svoja prava uglavnom ne dobijaju podršku okoline. Većina ljudi karakteriše mobing kao svakodnevicu, to je dan života i svaki naredni dan u kojoj žrtve mobinga ne mogu da budu funkcionalne ni sebi, ni porodici, ni prijateljima. Svakodnevica većine ljudi je najrealniji odraz stanovništva Republike Srbije. Državu čine njeni ljudi i za normalan rast i razvoj države neophodno je da i njeno stanovništvo ima normalne uslove za život i rad i da pre svega, stavi svoje zdravlje na prvo mesto.
MEDIJI I NJIHOV UTICAJ NA RAD DRŽAVNIH INSPEKCIJA U REPUBLICI SRBIJI
Authors: Rakić Aleksandar , Stankov Sanja
Published: November 2021

Sadržaj medija određuju njegovi čitaoci i to predstavlja vrlo jasnu i konkretnu vezu. Sadržaj koji se najviše čita, on se najviše i dobija. Sa druge strane, medijska era u kojoj vladaju dezinformacije upravo od strane sve manje verodostojnih medija i dobrih, proverenih i pravovremenih informacija, vidljivi uticaji politike, netransparentno vlasništvo medija utiču na medijsku scenu u Republici Srbiji. Država koja svoje zakonodavstvo usklađuje sa zemljama Zapadne Evrope često ume da krši medijske zakone - one koje je sama donela. Zakone i dobre standarde je mnogo lakše upisati, a mnogo teže sprovesti u praksi. Praksa je da inspektori obave posao tek kad ih na to primoraju novinski natpisi. Novinari, i njihova upornost pomažu da se neka važna priča pokrene i da se pomogne onima koji su najugroženiji. Ovaj rad nastoji da ukaže na neophodnost medijskog praćenja vanrednih, pojačanih inspekcijskih nadzora u različitim delatnostima u Republici Srbiji.
UPRAVLJANJE VREMENOM – FAKTOR USPJEŠNOSTI KOMPANIJA
Authors: Macura Rajko , Novaković Nenad , Grivec Malči
Published: November 2021

Upravljanje vremenom je jedan od najvećih izazova današnjice. Problem nastaje ako se vremenom ne upravlja na efikasan način. Posljedice mogu biti višestruko negativne, kao što su stres, iscrpljenost, upravljanje krizama, stalno gašenje požara, trka za vremenom i dr. Ovim radom se nastoji ukazati na značaj upravljanja vremenom na racionalan način. Efikasno upravljanje vremenom podrazumijeva znanja, vještine i pravila ponašanja koja omogućavaju da se u što kraćem vremenu ostvari što bolji rezultat. Autori su istraživali alate, metode, strategije i taktike koje će na najbolji način obezbijediti mudro korišćenje vremena. Isto tako, date su preporuke za rješavanje problema upravljanja vremenom koji se manifestuju u organizacijskom okruženju. Poseban osvrt je dat na delegiranje nadležnosti i odgovornosti, koje omogućava uštedu vremena menadžera, kao i povećanje učinka sastanaka. Može se zaključiti da se adekvatnom analizom poslova i zadataka, izborom odgovarajućih tehnika i alata, efikasnim planiranjem, realizacijom i kontrolom, može znatno poboljšati kvalitet upravljanja vremenom.
Tra virtuosismo e truffa: l’arte del falsario
Authors: Cerboni Baiardi Anna
Published: November 2021

The history of artistic forgery boasts rather old origins and numerous facets. On this occasion, some emblematic cases between the Cinquecento and the present day (from the Sleeping Cupid of Michelangelo to the ‘Modiglianis’ that hit the headlines only some decades ago) will be taken into account, along with the activity of some great forgers who lived between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Gifted with notable technical ability and virtuosic stylistic “mobility”, some of these realized true masterpieces in meeting the requests of a growing market of Italian and foreign collectors. Above all others, one should mention the names of Egisto Rossi (1824-1899), falsifier of Old Masters’ drawings, and that of Icilio Federico Joni (nicknamed Paicap; 1866-1946), who specialized in counterfeiting fondo oro paintings by the Sienese School and was the leader of the city’s forgers.
Dirk ex Machina: Douglas Adams’ Saga and Holistic Detection as Religious Satire
Authors: Gianotti Emilio
Published: November 2021

Douglas Adams, in his Dirk Gently series, presents his protagonist as a “holistic detective”. Following in the tradition of Sherlock Holmes, the detective bases his claims on scientific evidence and always succeeds in his enquiries. However, the mechanics of his comically random detecting behavior clash with the conclusiveness of the plot, casting doubt on the control of the protagonist over his method. A study of these mechanics as inherently computer-like elicits an interplay between the openness of a holistic postmodern pastiche and the reassuring closure granted by the appeal to science. An analysis of these core concepts, and of the influence of the New Atheist movement on the author, leads to an underlining of the satiric elements of the series. As satires of religion, these novels attack false systems of belief in favor of an enjoyment of uncertainty that waits for the answers of science.
On Beta Exponentiated Moment Exponential Distribution with Mathematical Characteristics and Application to Engineering Sectors
Authors: Iqbal Zafar , Rashad Muhammad , Rauf Iram , Salman Muhammad
Published: November 2021

A new BEME distribution known as beta Exponentiated moment exponential (BEME) distribution is proposed. We provide here some shape properties, moments in the form of special functions, mean deviations of BEME distribution. We derive mathematical properties of the BEME distribution including the reliability measures, the Bonferroni and the Lorenz curves, rth order statistics, measures of uncertainty: the Shannon entropy measure and the s-entropy measure. The parameters of the BEME distribution are estimated by the method of maximum likelihood estimation and estimated non-linear equations for these estimates are presented. The application of BEME distribution is explored in three different fields of engineering.
Influence of Farmyard Manure and Jeevamrutha on Growth and Yield of Sunflower
Authors: Chaithra M. , Sujith G. M.
Published: November 2021

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2017 at ZARS, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru to study the influence of different levels of Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and Jeevamrutha on growth and yield of Sunflower in red sandy loam soil. There were nine treatment combinations laid out in factorial randomized complete block design, which were replicated thrice. The experimental results revealed that, the application of FYM at 150 per cent nitrogen equivalent and jeevamrutha at 1500 L ha-1significantly influenced growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index and total dry matter production. The interaction effect of FYM and jeevamrutha was significant in enhancing the seed yield of sunflower due to improvement in yield attributes like head diameter, number of seeds per head, hundred seed weight and seed yield per plant.
Studies on Integrated Nutrient Management of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata l.): A Review
Authors: Dahal Bimesh
Published: November 2021

There are many management methods for nutrient which can be specifically applied in farming systems. Integrated nutrient management (INM) generally denotes the combined use of organic and chemical fertilizers for producing crops in a sustainable manner and to maintain soil fertility as well as to supply nutrient in appropriate amount which consider social, ecological and economic impacts. This paper shows the importance and need of INM in agriculture production. Also, the relation of INM and yield attributes are analyzed and evaluated including growth and physical attributes of cowpea. The status of nutrient uptake by plant is also described along with other physical and chemical properties of soil. Finally, this paper also describes about the biofertilizer and its relation, impact and effect on crop production which can be used as a improved technology with the combination of other nutrient management practices.
Analytical Study of Kharif Food Grain Production in Odisha
Authors: Sripriya Jamana , Dash Abhiram
Published: November 2021

The state of Odisha having an agrarian based economy depends largely on agriculture for the livelihood of its population. Food grains are important commodity of crop groups that provide high quality carbohydrates, protein and vitamins. A study on the compound growth rate of area, yield and production of food grains for kharif season in the districts of Odisha and the state as a whole has been attempted in the present study which would be helpful in visualizing the progress of the state with respect to food grain cultivation and proper framing of agricultural policies of the state. The study is based secondary data for the period of 1993-94 to 2017-18 to estimate the compound growth rate and Cuddy-Della Instability Index of area, yield and production of kharif food grains for the districts and the state as a whole. The districts are ranked on the basis of compound growth rate and Cuddy-Della Instability Index in decreasing order and increasing order of their magnitudes respectively. The rank correlation between Compound Growth Rate and Cuddy-Della Instability Index of area, yield and production of food grains during kharif seasons are studied. It is found that despite negative growth rate in area, the positive compound growth rate of yield leads to positive compound growth rate in production of kharif food grains of Odisha. Also it is found that despite stability of area, the instability of yield leads to instability in production of kharif food grains in the state of Odisha.
Screening for Drought Tolerance through Root Morphology and Yield Characters of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes
Authors: Kumar K. Manoj , Vincent S. , Mothilal A. , Raveendran M. , Anandham R. , Prasad V. Babu Rajendra , Suneel D.
Published: November 2021

Drought affects the rainfed groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)  at different phases of development and it is the serious threats on groundnut productivity causing losses than any other abiotic factor under rainfed agriculture. In the world's semiarid regions, groundnut accounts for 90% of worldwide production. Drought mainly affects the pace and pattern of nutrient and water intake from the soil, affecting the architecture of the groundnut root system. Plant selections with desirable root trait have been a major focus in developing drought resistant Groundnut cultivars. In 2019, 60 groundnut genotypes were cultivated in root block design with two different soil water treatments, as well as in the field during the year under same circumstances. The purpose of this study was to see how different groundnut cultivars fared in terms of yield, yield contributing features, root characters, and their relationships with drought tolerance. Drought resistant genotypes had thicker roots, larger roots, and a deeper root system than susceptible genotypes. Recent series in groundnut genotypes of 60 numbers were sown during kharif 2019 (july-september) under rainfed condition (It includes life irrigation and rainfall received during cropping season). Groundnut genotypes were semi spreading with the duration of 110-120 days. Observation on root morphological character viz., roots length, root volume after 20 days of stress imposition of the crop and yield parameters were observed at the harvest. Among the 60 genotypes, 20 genotypes (VG 17008, VG 17046, VG 18005, VG 18102, VG 18077, VG 19572, VG 19709, VG 18111, VG19561, VG19576, VG 19620, VG 19681, VG 19688 etc.,) similarly, yield character were observed for 60 genotypes and all the genotypes given above recorded higher value in Total number of pods per plant, Number of double seeded pods per plant, Pod yield per plant, Harvest index and Total dry matter production. The methods used in this study identified correlation between yield character and root characters. Groundnut genotypes by assessing yield metrics and their relationship with root trait. These findings lay the groundwork for future study aimed at deciphering the molecular pathways underpinning Groundnut drought resistance.
A Clinicopathological Study of Malignant Tumors of the Uterine Corpus in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Binu Irene Sara , Diwagar K. Nithin , Sekhar Ganthimathy
Published: November 2021

Aim: To study the clinicopathological spectrum of malignant tumors of the uterine corpus in a tertiary care center and classify it according to the latest WHO classification.

Methods: A 2 year study was conducted on 22 diagnosed cases of malignant tumors of uterine corpus. Retrospectively clinical and histopathological details were collected and analyzed.

Results: In our study majority (40.90%, 9 of 22) cases belong to the age group of 51-60 years. Abnormal uterine bleeding was the most common clinical presentation. A large share (81.81%) of the tumours was of epithelial origin, followed by mixed and mesenchymal tumors. Nearly 94% of the epithelial tumours were Endometrioid Adenocarcinomas. Majority of the cases were at pT1a stage (42.1%) at the time of diagnosis, followed by pT1b stage (31.57%). Very few cases (21%) presented with nodal metastasis. All the cases with nodal metastasis showed Lymphovascular invasion in the tumor proper and were usually high grade tumors.

Conclusion: The prognosis of the patients with malignant tumors of uterine corpus depends on stage, grade, myometrial invasion, tumor size, lymphovascular invasion etc. Clinical findings in these tumors are not specific, so Histopathological examination plays a vital role in diagnosing and assessing the prognosis of these tumors. Classifying these tumors according to the recently proposed molecular classification will aid in patient specific targeted therapy.
Preparation and Characterization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Cinnacalcet HCl
Authors: Routray Sudhanshu Bhusan , Patra Ch. Niranjan
Published: November 2021

Objective: The objective of the present research is to formulate solid lipid nanoparticles of cinnacalcet HCl to improve its oral bioavailability.

Methods: Cinnacalcet hydrochloride exhibits poor oral bioavailability of 20 to 25 % because of low aqueous solubility and first pass metabolism. The formulations were optimised using Box-Behnken Design. Solid lipid nanoparticles formulation was prepared using hot homogenization and ultra sonication method.

Results and Discussion: Precirol ATO 05, Soya lecithin and poloxamer 407 were selected as lipid, surfactant and co-surfactant respectively. For optimistaion the desirable goal was fixed for various responses entrapment efficiency, particle size and (time taken for diffusion of 85% drug) T85%. The optimized single dose of solid lipid nanoparticle obtained using box behnken design consisting of 30 mg of cinnacalcet HCl, 200 mg of precirol ATO 05, 250 mg of soya lecithin and 0.2% w/v of poloxamer. 407. The pharmacokinetic study revealed that optimized formulation was found to increase the oral bioavailability nearly 3 times compared to aqueous suspension of pure drug.

Conclusion: Thus optimized solid lipid nanoparticle explicated the potential of lipid-based nanoparticles as a potential carrier in improving the oral delivery.
Updates in Diagnosis and Management of Croup
Authors: Sheikh Mohammed Hussen , M. Albalawi Haya Jamal , S. Albalawi Yazeed Ali , R. Alotaibi Mohammed Abdulhafith , M. Alsharef Sultan Makki , A. Alshehri Ali Abdulrahman , A. Albalawi Ahmed Saad , A. Albalawi Abdulaziz Saed , H. Alamri Mohammed Abdulwahed , Mohammed AlTurki Abdulrahman , Q. Al-Ruwaili Sultan Suliman , Alqrafi Mohammad , Alenzi Sarah Awad Muhammad , D. Alharbi Rahaf Saad , H. Alomrani Heba Homoud
Published: November 2021

Croup is a common respiratory disease that affects 3% of children aged six months to three years. It represents 7% of annual hospital admissions for fever and/or acute respiratory disease in children under the age of five. Boys are more susceptible than girls to the condition, with an overall male/female predominance of 1.4/1. Viruses are detected in up to 80% of patients with croup with identifiable pathogens. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and usually occurs at night: stridor, hoarse voice and respiratory distress are often seen due to upper airway obstruction. Croup is a clinical diagnosis, children with an uncertain diagnosis, anterior and lateral soft-tissue neck radiographs may be useful to support an alternative diagnosis. Management includes: general care, humidified air, heliox, corticosteroids, and epinephrine, Objective: This study aimed to discuss croup in terms of its etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, assessment, and finally management.
Development and Validation of Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method Simultaneous Estimation of Aspirin and Ticlopidine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulation
Authors: Wankhede B. , Jangam S. S. , Nimje H. M. , Khobragade D. S. , Parkhe P. D.
Published: November 2021

Objective: The combined dose tablet formulation containing aspirin and ticlopidine hydrochloride is used to reduce the formation of harmful blood clots in blood vessels which helps in preventing a heart attack or stroke in people with heart disease. The objective of the present work was to develop an accurate, precise, economical and less time consuming UPLC method and subsequently validate the method as per ICH guidelines, for routine quality control of combined dose tablet formulation containing above mentioned drug.

Methods: The present work describes development and validation of ultra performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous quantitation of aspirin and ticlopidine hydrochloride in tablets. The chromatographic separation was carried out using Supelcosil LC-18 (3.3 cm × 4.6 mm × 3 µm) column using mixture of Potassium Phosphate buffer (0.01M) and Acetonitrile (20:80 v/v) as mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.6 ml per minute, total run time was 3 minutes. The detection and quantitation of chromatographic peaks was carried out at 230 nm.

Results: The retention time for aspirin (ASP) and ticlopidine hydrochloride (TPH) was 0.529 minutes and 1.530 minutes, respectively. The linearity of detector response was observed in the concentration range of 20 – 60 µg/ml and 50-150 µg/ml for ASP and TPH, respectively. The LOD and LOQ for ASP and TPH was found to be 0.399 & 1.209 and 3.385 & 10.260, respectively. The accuracy of the method was found in the range of 99.92 – 100.58 % and 98.91 – 100.52 for ASP and TPH, respectively. The relative standard deviation for intra-day and inter-day precision studies was below 2 % indicating that the method is precise. The robustness of the proposed method was evaluated by varying the chromatographic parameters and the effect of these changes on retention time and tailing factor was studied. The % RSD for retention time and tailing factor was below 2 % indicating that the method is robust. The forced degradation studies were carried out to evaluate the specificity of the method. As the method was able to quantitate ASP and TPH selectively in presence of degradation products, the method was found to be specific. As the results of validation studies were within standard limits, the method was successfully applied for simultaneous estimation of ASP and TPH in marketed tablet formulation.

Conclusion: The method has distinct advantages over reported UV and HPLC methods and hence the developed UPLC method can be used for routine quality control of Aspirin and Ticlopidine hydrochloride combined tablet formulation.
L-asparaginase Produced from Cow’s Milk Isolate of Lactobacillus plantarum Shows Potent Anti-cancer Activity on Cervical Cancer Cells
Authors: Mathiyalagan Sivasankari , Raju Amutha
Published: November 2021

Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women, occurring in more than a quarter of the developing countries of the world, with a slightly higher incidence in India. Many microbes producing L-asparaginase (ASNase) are used for the treatment of various cancers. However, previous studies have documented that long-term use of enzymes produced from these commercial strains triggers hypersensitivity in patients. Therefore, there is a need to find new microorganisms that produce L-asparaginase with anti-cancer properties, which can be used commercially in enzyme production. In the present study, of the 7 isolates, a single isolate of Lactobacillus plantarum had the highest enzyme production capacity. Purified enzyme can be obtained from fermented production medium by dialysis, thus showed a dose-depended cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells, as determined by MTT assay. The IC50 of the enzyme value was 0.75 IU µg/mL. This result indicates that L. plantarum producing L-asparaginase may be used for cancer treatment.
Abhidharma/Abhidhamma
Authors: Dessein Bart
Published: November 2021

Developed from the numerical lists (Sanskrit:
mātṛkā
; Pāli:
mātikā
) that are included in Buddhist sutras and monastic texts, the Abhidharma/Abhidhamma forms the third and youngest collection of texts that, together, constitute the Buddhist Tripiṭaka. In an initial phase, Abhidharma/Abhidhamma texts explained the doctrine (
dharma
) that had been expounded by the historical Buddha through a one‐by‐one interpretation of the different elements (
dharma
) in these lists. The growth in the number of Buddhist adherents, the development of Buddhism as a religion and a philosophy, and the geographical spread of the doctrine of the Buddha, ushered in different interpretations of the Buddha's doctrine. Abhidharma/Abhidhamma thus became the textual genre in which peculiar interpretations of the word of the Buddha were constructed, and different interpretations were discussed. This characteristic of Abhidharma texts was conducive to the development of the Mahāyāna.
Al‐Fārābī
Authors: DiPasquale David M.
Published: November 2021

Abū Naṣr al‐Fārābī (d. 950) founded the main tradition of philosophy in the Muslim world, and was understood to have been the single greatest philosophical authority following the death of Aristotle. Such extravagant praise, extended to him from the likes of Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna), Ibn Rushd (Averroes), and Maimonides, refers in particular to his accomplishments in the fields of Aristotelian logic and Platonic political science. Rejecting the approaches of Middle and Neoplatonic authors who for centuries stressed more otherworldly aspects of Platonic thought, al‐Fārābī refocused philosophy on the human things and thereby recovered a tradition of philosophy that was on the precipice of extinction.
Alston, William P.
Authors: Senor Thomas D.
Published: November 2021

William P. Alston (1921–2009) was an American philosopher whose main work was in the philosophy of religion and epistemology, and in the intersection of the two areas.
Anti‐Realism
Authors: Ellis Fiona
Published: November 2021

Anti‐realism stands opposed to realism, but these positions can be variously interpreted, and I begin by clarifying the debate in its general, non‐theistic, form. I note Dummett's semantic version of anti‐realism, raise some familiar worries, and distinguish this global position from more local variants. Theistic anti‐realism falls into this latter category in one clear enough sense, but some theistic anti‐realists are global anti‐realists, and the case of God introduces complexities which make it difficult to assess the relevant proposals. I give a sense of these difficulties with the help of D.Z. Phillips, Simone Weil, and Emmanuel Levinas.
Atheism
Authors: Ruse Michael
Published: November 2021

Atheism is defined as belief there is no god, contrasted with theism (God of Abraham), deism (god as unmoved mover), and agnosticism (cannot tell if there is a god or not). Atheism is as much a moral question as epistemological. Revealed and natural theological arguments for God are found wanting. However, science is neither definitively against God or gods nor is it definitively in the support of God or gods.
Atheology
Authors: Hayes Richard P.
Published: November 2021

Atheology is a systematic account of the world that does not include references to a supreme deity, which may include a questioning of the claims made in various theological or faith‐based systems. Several systems of classical Asian philosophy were atheological. Post‐Enlightenment scientific thinking is also atheological.
Augustine, Saint
Authors: Hanson Erik M.
Published: November 2021

Saint Augustine's (354–430
ce
) influence on Catholic and Protestant theological thought, and his contribution to philosophy in the West, is indisputable. He formed his most important and foundational doctrines synthetically and in response to four influences: the Bible and biblical literature; the early Christian doctors of the church; the Creedal tradition in which he was trained; and the Greco‐Roman philosophical tradition that both preceded him and continued during his own time. The fourth influence in particular is valuable as it provided a foil to illuminate the distinctiveness of his philosophy of religion, offering a revolutionary account of God and the Good, time and the nature of the world, body–soul dualism, free will, evil, knowledge and perception, and ultimate hope.
Ayer, Alfred Jules
Authors: Pigden Charles
Published: November 2021

A.J. Ayer (1910–1989) was famous above all as the author of
Language, Truth and Logi
c (1936), the English manifesto of Logical Positivism, in which he deploys the Verification Principle to eliminate metaphysical utterances as inherently meaningless and to dismiss moral claims as lacking in truth‐value and hence objectivity. Theological propositions are among the chief casualties since they are denounced as mere nonsense without even the consolation prize of containing some residual, noncognitive content. Ayer's argument can be formulated as follows: (i) factually meaningful (true‐or‐false) propositions are either analytic and true, self‐contradictory and false, or synthetic and verifiable; (ii) theological “propositions” such as “God exists,” if they are propositions at all, are synthetic; (iii) but theological “propositions” are not verifiable; Therefore, (iv) theological “propositions” such as “God exists” are not factually meaningful. This has an odd consequence. Since “God exists” is not factually meaningful, “God does not exist” is not factually meaningful either and the utterances of the atheist are as meaningless as the utterances of the theist. Is it plausible to suppose that theological propositions (or atheistic propositions) are totally devoid of meaning? And can Ayer's argument be faulted? The answers are “No” and “Yes.”'
Bhattacharyya, Krishnachandra
Authors: Coquereau Elise
Published: November 2021

Krishnachandra Bhattacharyya (1875–1949) is an early comparative philosopher of the Indian colonial period. To overcome cultural subjection, he developed creative Vedāntic approaches to Kant and Hegel, and vice versa. Contributing to the fields of metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, aesthetics, and politics, he elaborated an intercultural framework through which to address the problems of knowledge of the self, subjectivity, and freedom, and the alternation of Absolutes in philosophy, answering Kant's Critiques with Neo‐Vedāntic analyses.
Big Bang Cosmology
Authors: Craig William Lane
Published: November 2021

The evidence for the expansion of the universe points to an absolute beginning of the universe a finite time ago. Attempts to maintain a past‐eternal universe have become increasingly difficult to defend. Given the beginning of the universe, the question arises as to how the universe could have come into being. Attempts by some physicists to maintain that physics can explain the origin of the universe from nothing either trade on an equivocal use of the term “nothing” or else are guilty of philosophical
faux pas
. Supernatural creation
ex nihilo
is the better explanation.
Brentano, Franz
Authors: Gabriel Susan Krantz
Published: November 2021

The German philosopher, Franz Brentano (1838–1917), devoted himself to philosophical, or natural, theology and theodicy throughout his scholarly career. Although he had been a Roman Catholic priest for nine years, he left the church in 1873 because he could not accept doctrines such as papal infallibility, the Trinity, transubstantiation, the incarnation, and original sin. Nevertheless, he argued forcefully against atheism, considering mysticism and religion to be surrogates for a rational theism.