bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationships among Self-Efficacy, Quality of Life, Perceived Vulnerability, and Readiness to Quit Smoking in People Living with HIV
Authors: Donnelly Remington E. , Minami Haruka , Hecht Jacki , Bloom Erika Litvin , Tashima Karen , Selva Kumar Danusha , Abrantes Ana , Stanton Cassandra , Brown Richard A. , Yael Bar-Zeev
Published: May 2021

Smoking-related diseases (e.g., lung cancer) are the leading cause of mortality in HIV-infected patients. While many PLWH who smoke report a desire to quit, a majority of them have low readiness to quit. This study used logistic and linear regression to examine the relations among two (continuous vs. binary) measures of readiness to quit, smoking cessation self-efficacy (SE), quality of life (QoL), and perceived vulnerability (PV) using baseline data from 100 PLWH who smoke who participated in a clinical trial. Results showed no significant main effects (SE, QoL, and PV) or interaction effects (SE × QoL and SE × PV) on a continuous measure of readiness to quit. However, a follow-up analysis revealed that SE had a curvilinear effect on readiness to quit such that self-efficacy was positively associated with readiness to quit except at the highest levels of self-efficacy where readiness to quit declined. Greater SE significantly increased the likelihood of reporting readiness to quit (yes/no) among those with low QoL or high PV. For PLWH who smoke, improving self-efficacy may increase readiness to quit especially among those with lower quality of life. Psychoeducation tailored to PLWH designed to reduce unrealistic invulnerability to smoking-related diseases along with interventions that target self-efficacy may improve readiness to quit.
Hypertriglyceridemia and Other Plasma Lipid Profile Abnormalities among People Living with Diabetes Mellitus in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Dagnew Baye , Yeshaw Yigizie , Geremew Demeke , Angaw Dessie Abebaw , Dagne Henok , Alemayehu Mekuriaw , Molla Meseret Derbew , Akalu Yonas
Published: May 2021

Background. Dyslipidemia is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular complications in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Though it is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, there is no a nation‐wide study to determine dyslipidemia among DM patients yet. Therefore, this systematic review and meta‐analysis intended to estimate the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and other plasma lipid abnormalities among people living with DM in Ethiopia. Methods. We systematically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, African Journals Online, Hinari, and direct Google. Studies conducted until May 9, 2020, that reports the prevalence of dyslipidemia among people living with DM were included. The DerSimonian and Laird random‐effects model was used to determine the pooled prevalence of lipid profile abnormalities. Heterogeneity was checked using the I2 statistic, whereas publication bias was tested by funnel plot and Egger’s test. Besides, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results. We used 18 primary studies, including 4961 participants living with DM, which met the eligibility criteria for the meta‐analysis of hypertriglyceridemia. The estimate of hypertriglyceridemia (≥150 mg/dl) was 48.15% (95% CI: 38.15‐58.15, I2 = 98.4%) after performing the main meta‐analysis using the random‐effects model. The subgroup analysis showed a higher pooled estimate of hypertriglyceridemia among T2DM (57.80% (95% CI: 50.50‐65.10), I2 = 92.5%), studies that used probability sampling technique (59.09% (95% CI: 43.58‐74.59), I2 = 98.6%, p < 0.001), and studies from primary data sources (51.43% (95% CI: 40.72‐62.13), I2 = 98.0%, p < 0.001). Moreover, the estimated pooled prevalence of the total plasma cholesterol (TC ≥ 200 mg/dl) was 34.08% (95% CI: 28.41‐39.75, I2 = 92.4%), LDL − C ≥ 100 mg/dl was 41.13% (95% CI: 27.15‐55.11, I2 = 98.8%), and HDL ≤ 40 mg/dl for men and ≤ 50 mg/dl for women was 44.36% (95% CI: 31.82‐56.90, I2 = 98.8%). Conclusions. The pooled prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and other lipid abnormalities among DM patients was relatively high in Ethiopia. It strongly suggests the need to give maximal attention to the adherence of DM management to reduce the circulatory lipid profile abnormalities and subsequent complications. Prospero Registration. CRD42020182291.
Shale Permeability under Shale Components’ Thermal Swelling
Authors: Ao Xiang , Tang Jiren , Qu Hai , Xiang Zuping
Published: May 2021

Permeability is one of the most fundamental reservoir rock properties required for modeling hydrocarbon production. However, shale permeability is not yet fully understood because of the high temperature of shale reservoirs. The third thermal stress that is caused by temperature change will decrease the permeability of shale. In this work, a theoretical model has been derived to describe the permeability of shale considering the third thermal stress; the principles of thermodynamics and the mechanics of elasticity have been employed to develop this model. The elastic modulus parameters of the shale were measured, along with Poisson’s ratio, as required. Lastly, the permeability of shale was tested by transient pulse-decay. Isothermal flow experiments were carried out at 303, 313, 323, and 333 K to assess the effects of shale expansion and deformation on shale permeability caused by the third thermal stress. The permeability of shale samples, as predicted by the model, was found to agree well with experimental observations. The model may provide useful descriptions of the gas flow in shale. The correction accuracy of the permeability was found to increase at lower permeability. However, the development of completely predictive models for shale permeability will require additional experimental data and further testing.
Lens Learning Sparrow Search Algorithm
Authors: Ouyang Chengtian , Zhu Donglin , Qiu Yaxian
Published: May 2021

In this paper, a lens learning sparrow search algorithm (LLSSA) is proposed to improve the defects of the new sparrow search algorithm, which is random and easy to fall into local optimum. The algorithm has achieved good results in function optimization and has planned a safer and less costly path to the three-dimensional UAV path planning. In the discoverer stage, the algorithm introduces the reverse learning strategy based on the lens principle to improve the search range of sparrow individuals and then proposes a variable spiral search strategy to make the follower's search more detailed and flexible. Finally, it combines the simulated annealing algorithm to judge and obtain the optimal solution. Through 15 standard test functions, it is verified that the improved algorithm has strong search ability and mining ability. At the same time, the improved algorithm is applied to the path planning of 3D complex terrain, and a clear, simple, and safe route is found, which verifies the effectiveness and practicability of the improved algorithm.
LncRNA MSC-AS1 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Progression by Regulating miR-325/TRIM14 Axis
Authors: He Changhong , Wang Xia , Du Meichun , Dong Yanjun
Published: May 2021

Background. LncRNA MSC-AS1 has been reported to be a tumor promoter in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the function of MSC-AS1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been elucidated. It is designed to study the expression level of MSC-AS1 and investigate its biological effect on the progression of CRC. Methods. The expression patterns of MSC-AS1, miR-325, and TRIM14 were explored by RT-qPCR in CRC tissues and cells. The protein expression of TRIM14 was tested by Western blot assay. The association between MSC-AS1 expression and clinicopathological data was analyzed by chi-squared test. CCK-8 assay, colony formation, and Transwell assay were used to investigate the effect of MSC-AS1 on cell growth, invasion, and migration in CRC cells. The correlations among MSC-AS1, miR-325, and TRIM14 were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis. Results. We found that MSC-AS1 and TRIM14 were upregulated in CRC tissues, while miR-325 was downregulated in CRC tissues. Functional experiments demonstrated that MSC-AS1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities in CRC cells. Additionally, miR-325 was proved to be a target miRNA of MSC-AS1, and TRIM14 might be a downstream gene of miR-325. Besides that, MSC-AS1 counteracted the inhibitory effect of miR-325 on the cell progression and TRIM14 expression. Conclusion. Our results indicated that MSC-AS1 facilitated CRC progression by sponging miR-325 to upregulate TRIM14 expression. We suggested that MSC-AS1 might be a potential lncRNA-target for CRC therapy.
Mechanism of Dopaminergic Nerve Transmission in Different Doses of Morphine Addiction and Stress-Induced Depression
Authors: Ji Qing , Li Xin
Published: May 2021

Depression not only threatens the health and quality of life of patients but also brings a huge mental and economic burden to the patients’ families. This paper mainly studies the mechanism of dopaminergic neurotransmission in different doses of morphine addiction and stress-induced depression. In the experiment, 40 male SD rats were selected. The experiment established a rat model of chronic stress depression. The rats used in this model are all raised in a single cage, and there will be various stimuli every day for 21 days, but high-intensity continuous stimuli must be avoided, and the same stimuli will not appear continuously. The experiment established a depression animal model through chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), combined with the conditioned position preference (CPP) model of morphine addiction to detect the establishment of CPP in such animals, so as to explore certain stress stimuli or depression, the influence on morphine addiction, and the relationship between them. The second or third branches of pyramidal neurons were selected to analyze the PL and CA3 regions. When analyzing the density of dendrites, each animal selected at least 8 dendrites in order to count the number of dendrites and selected a length of 20 μm on each branch to record the number of dendrites. All measured values are expressed as average ± standard deviation and analyzed by SPSS17.0 statistical software, and Levene test is used in the scattered consistency test. The average NIV of PEN before injection was 11.92 ± 2.90 Hz, and the average latency was 0.16 ± 0.03 s. The results indicate that CUMS may reduce the conditioned learning and memory ability by damaging the learning loop, rather than affecting the reward loop to weaken the establishment of morphine-dependent CPP.
Targeting Epigenetic and Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation by PSF Impairs Hormone Therapy–Refractory Cancer Growth
Authors: Takayama Ken-ichi , Honma Teruki , Suzuki Takashi , Kondoh Yasumitsu , Osada Hiroyuki , Suzuki Yutaka , Yoshida Minoru , Inoue Satoshi
Published: May 2021

RNA-binding protein PSF functions as an epigenetic modifier by interacting with long noncoding RNAs and the corepressor complex. PSF also promotes RNA splicing events to enhance oncogenic signals. In this study, we conducted an in vitro chemical array screen and identified multiple small molecules that interact with PSF. Several molecules inhibited RNA binding by PSF and decreased prostate cancer cell viability. Among these molecules and its derivatives was a promising molecule, No. 10–3 [7,8-dihydroxy-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)chromen-2-one], that was the most effective at blocking PSF RNA-binding ability and suppressing treatment-resistant prostate and breast cancer cell proliferation. Exposure to No. 10–3 inhibited PSF target gene expression at the mRNA level. Treatment with No. 10–3 reversed epigenetically repressed PSF downstream targets, such as cell-cycle inhibitors, at the transcriptional level. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing in prostate cancer cells revealed that No. 10–3 enhances histone acetylation to induce expression of apoptosis as well as cell-cycle inhibitors. Furthermore, No. 10–3 exhibited antitumor efficacy in a hormone therapy–resistant prostate cancer xenograft mouse model, suppressing treatment-resistant tumor growth. Taken together, this study highlights the feasibility of targeting PSF-mediated epigenetic and RNA-splicing activities for the treatment of aggressive cancers.

Significance:

This study identifies small molecules that target PSF–RNA interactions and suppress hormone therapy–refractory cancer growth, suggesting the potential of targeting PSF-mediated gene regulation for cancer treatment.
Suppression of ACADM-Mediated Fatty Acid Oxidation Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Aberrant CAV1/SREBP1 Signaling
Authors: Ma Angel P.Y. , Yeung Cherlie L.S. , Tey Sze Keong , Mao Xiaowen , Wong Samuel W.K. , Ng Tung Him , Ko Frankie C.F. , Kwong Ernest M.L. , Tang Alexander H.N. , Ng Irene Oi-Lin , Cai Shao Hang , Yun Jing Ping , Yam Judy W.P.
Published: May 2021

Lipid accumulation exacerbates tumor development, as it fuels the proliferative growth of cancer cells. The role of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADM), an enzyme that catalyzes the first step of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, in tumor biology remains elusive. Therefore, investigating its mode of dysregulation can shed light on metabolic dependencies in cancer development. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), ACADM was significantly underexpressed, correlating with several aggressive clinicopathologic features observed in patients. Functionally, suppression of ACADM promoted HCC cell motility with elevated triglyceride, phospholipid, and cellular lipid droplet levels, indicating the tumor suppressive ability of ACADM in HCC. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP1) was identified as a negative transcriptional regulator of ACADM. Subsequently, high levels of caveolin-1 (CAV1) were observed to inhibit fatty acid oxidation, which revealed its role in regulating lipid metabolism. CAV1 expression negatively correlated with ACADM and its upregulation enhanced nuclear accumulation of SREBP1, resulting in suppressed ACADM activity and contributing to increased HCC cell aggressiveness. Administration of an SREBP1 inhibitor in combination with sorafenib elicited a synergistic antitumor effect and significantly reduced HCC tumor growth in vivo. These findings indicate that deregulation of fatty acid oxidation mediated by the CAV1/SREBP1/ACADM axis results in HCC progression, which implicates targeting fatty acid metabolism to improve HCC treatment.

Significance:

This study identifies tumor suppressive effects of ACADM in hepatocellular carcinoma and suggests promotion of β-oxidation to diminish fatty acid availability to cancer cells could be used as a therapeutic strategy.
Activation of a Quiescent Choroidal Neovascularization in a Patient with Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Matysik-Woźniak Anna , Loewenstein Anat , Bielecka Emilia , Rejdak Robert
Published: May 2021

We report on a case of an unusual activation of one of 2 quiescent, nonexudative choroidal neovascular membranes in a patient treated with anti-VEGF injections for exudative age-related macular degeneration in his fellow eye. After almost 2 years of close observation, one of these membranes became exudative, and anti-VEGF therapy was started. This case illustrates the unpredictability of subclinical neovascularization and confirms the utility of optical coherence tomography angiography in the diagnosis and follow-up of these changes. Patients with an exudative age-related degeneration in one eye should have their fellow eyes monitored meticulously.
Diabetic Oculomotor Nerve Palsy Displaying Enhancement of the Oculomotor Nerve in the Orbit and Cavernous Sinus on MRI
Authors: Zhao Juan , Li Yong , Chang Qinglin , Wang Jiawei , Sun Houliang
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Imaging data were scarce on diabetic oculomotor nerve palsy (ONP). Our study explored the MRI features and their clinical implications for diabetic ONP. Methods: Fifty-nine patients with a clinical diagnosis of diabetic ONP were recruited from our department between January 2015 and December 2019. Orbital MRI was retrospectively analyzed, and follow-up scans were obtained for 5 patients. Based on the ocular motor nerve palsy scale, the difference in the scores on the first and last hospital days was defined as the improvement score and was used to assess the treatment effects in all. Results: Thirty-eight (64.41%) patients presented thickening and enhancement of the cavernous segment and inferior division of the intraorbital segment of the ipsilateral oculomotor nerve, with the cisternal segment spared in all. After complete resolution of symptoms, follow-up MRI in 5 patients revealed that the enhancement was less obvious compared with the previous images. 6 patients in the enhancement group and 4 patients in the nonenhancement group were treated with 80 mg of methylprednisolone. Significant differences were not detected in the median improvement scores between patients with and those without corticosteroid use (p = 0.240). Conclusion: Thickening and enhancement of the unilateral oculomotor nerve were common imaging findings in diabetic ONP, and they persisted after complete resolution of symptoms in some patients. The cavernous segment and the inferior division of the intraorbital segment were simultaneously involved, and the cisternal segment was often spared. Refraining from corticosteroids was recommended even with nerve enhancement.
Daily Travel Distances of Unhabituated Grauer’s Gorillas (Gorilla beringei graueri) in a Low Elevation Forest
Authors: van der Hoek Yntze , Binyinyi Escobar , Ngobobo Urbain , Stoinski Tara S. , Caillaud Damien
Published: May 2021

To accurately determine the space use of animals, we need to follow animal movements over prolonged periods, which is especially challenging for the critically endangered Grauer’s gorillas (Gorilla beringei graueri) in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). As a consequence, we know little about Grauer’s gorillas, particularly from the lower elevational parts of their range. Between 2016 and 2018, we tracked unhabituated Grauer’s gorillas in lowland forests (500–1,000 m a.s.l.), at the community-managed Nkuba Conservation Area in Nord Kivu (DRC) to provide estimates of daily travel distances (DTD), daily displacement distances (DDD), and the linearity of recorded paths expressed as the Linearity Index (LI): DDD/DTD. We found an average DTD of ∼1.3 km (range 0.05–5.0 km), with temporal variation among monthly averages; specifically, an increase in travel distance over the June–August dry season resulting in peak travel distances at the beginning of the September–December wet season. Daily displacements showed similar temporal variation, which resulted in a lack of obvious temporal patterns in LI. We conclude that the movement patterns of Grauer’s gorillas in lowland forests, which are characterized by larger DTD than those of Grauer’s gorillas that inhabit highland habitats, show similarity to travel distances of other predominantly frugivorous gorillas. Moreover, the observed temporal patterns in space use may be tentatively linked to temporal changes in fruit availability or consumption. These observations have consequences for our understanding of the ecological role that Grauer’s gorillas play and provide baseline data to estimate current and future distributions, abundances, and carrying capacities of this highly threatened animal.
Surgical Treatment of Upper Extremity Segmental Myoclonus in an Adolescent with Chiari Malformation and Cervicothoracic Syrinx
Authors: Tucker Alexander , Kaul Anand , Mckee Jillian , White Brian , Kirschen Matthew P. , Sinha Saurabh , Lang Shih-Shan
Published: May 2021

Background: Myoclonus is an involuntary movement disorder characterized by semirhythmic jerking movements of muscle groups but is rarely seen in association with Chiari malformation type I (CM-1). CM-1 is a frequently encountered clinical entity in pediatric neurosurgery characterized by caudal displacement of the cerebellar tonsils with or without syringomyelia. We report a pediatric patient who presented with upper extremity myoclonus and was found to have CM-1 and a complex septated cervicothoracic syrinx eccentric to the left. Case Presentation: A 12-year-old female presented with 6 months of headaches and upper extremity paresthesias who subsequently developed a left upper extremity segmental myoclonus after a fall. MRI demonstrated a CM-1 and a large complex cervicothoracic syrinx with a midline and left paracentral cavities. Her myoclonus was nonepileptic and refractory to clonazepam, cyclobenzaprine, and gabapentin. She underwent an intradural Chiari decompression and duraplasty. Postoperatively, she had complete resolution of her segmental myoclonus. Discussion: This case demonstrates a durable resolution of posttraumatic upper extremity segmental myoclonus after surgical decompression of a CM-1 with syringomyelia. Thus, Chiari decompression should be considered in cases of myoclonus with CM-1 and syringomyelia.
Lycopene and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Affect Caspase-3 Activity, but Do Not Alter the NO Pathway in Lung Tissue Damage Induced by Cisplatin
Authors: Rančić Milan , Ristić Lidija , Rančić Andrija , Krtinić Dane , Ilić Bojan , Pavlović Milorad , Milojković Miloš , Živković Nikola , Sokolović Dušan
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Antioxidants such as lycopene (LCP) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) represent ideal molecules for the treatment of different reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated disorders. Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent, causing an increase in ROS and DNA damage, with numerous side effects, which include lung toxicity. In the presents study, we evaluated and mutually compared the potential of LCP and CAPE in preventing cisplatin-induced rat lung damage. Methods: The study was done using pathohistological analysis and a panel of biochemical parameters that reflect lung oxidative tissue damage, inflammation, and apoptosis. Results: The obtained results suggest that cisplatin (10 mg/kg) causes significant disturbances in the lung tissue morphology, followed by an increase in lipid peroxidization and protein modification. Also, a pronounced inflammatory response and cell apoptosis cascade activation was noted. Both LCP and CAPE were able to mitigate the changes, to a different extent, in oxidative damage and apoptosis progression induced by cisplatin. However, they both had limited effect on inflammation since they only prevented an increase in myeloperoxidase activity but had not been able to prevent the NO generation. Conclusion: It is hard to be exact in saying whether LCP or CAPE is better in preventing cis­platin-induced lung damage since they obviously possess different mechanisms of action.
A Paradigm Shift in the Treatment and Management of Onychomycosis
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Venkataraman Maanasa , Renaud Helen J. , Summerbell Richard , Shear Neil H. , Piguet Vincent
Published: May 2021

There is an increase in the incidence of onychomycosis, especially in at-risk populations. Onychomycosis is difficult to treat, as the efficacy of most antifungal agents is relatively low. Nondermatophyte molds (NDMs) and mixed infection (dermatophyte plus NDM) onychomycosis are contributing to growing antifungal resistance, as they are often underestimated and ignored due to incorrect diagnosis. There is a need for a paradigm shift in the management of onychomycosis to a patient-centered, holistic approach with an emphasis on laboratory diagnosis prior to initiating treatment, which enables the rational choice of the antifungal agent. Additionally, in the case of resistant infections, antifungal susceptibility testing is recommended. Strategies for effective management of onychomycosis include disinfection of fungal reservoirs in shoes and socks and prophylaxis posttreatment using topical antifungal agents. These measures may reduce the recurrence of onychomycosis and improve long-term clinical success.
O Novo Marco Legal do Saneamento: universalização e saúde pública
Authors: Paganini Wanderley da Silva , Bocchiglieri Miriam Moreira
Published: May 2021

O texto discute aspectos do Novo Marco Legal do Saneamento, considerando as metas estabelecidas para a universalização ante as demandas de atendimento com serviços de saneamento das populações em situação de vulnerabilidade social, que residem em aglomerados subnormais e áreas irregulares. Enfatiza que, sendo o saneamento um grande vetor de saúde, deveria ter sido prioridade dos gestores públicos há muitos anos, não somente com a infraestrutura, mas com preços acessíveis para garantir a universalização. Discute a delegação dessa tarefa à iniciativa privada, o que pode denotar que o saneamento continua à margem da prioridade dos governantes.
Entrevista com Michael Löwy (CNRS): literatura russa, filosofia e messianismo
Authors: Cabral Jimmy Sudario
Published: May 2021

Entrevista com Michael Löwy (CNRS): literatura russa, filosofia e messianismo
A visão do Outro: as representações do “eu” afroargentino no século XIX
Authors: Paz Andressa Bastos
Published: May 2021

A constituição da história oficial da Argentina se produziu através de um genocídio discursivo. Esta reflexão apresenta um panorama do processo de construção do imaginário de identidade nacional que, através de uma cegueira sistemática, nega a presença dos aportes afroargentinos na história do país. Se explorou dois importantes jornais afroporteños - La Juventud e La Broma, com o intuito de examinar as representações do “eu” afroargentino, contrapondo a narrativa oficial à de autoria negra.
O sentido do lugar geográfico: experiências e vivências dos personagens de Beira Rio Beira Vida (1965), de Francisco de Assis Almeida Brasil
Authors: Lima Tiago Caminha de , Viana Bartira Araújo da Silva
Published: May 2021

O estudo do espaço e do lugar retratado nas obras literárias apresentada um perfil de subjetividade, somado a realidade que as cerca, ou seja, as características simbólicas do lugar retratado na ficção. Dessa forma, verifica-se que as obras literárias descrevem conjunturas que permitem a identificação das experiências vividas em contextos diversos, mas que perpassa recortes temporais previamente estabelecidos, permitindo a leitura de processos que se efetivam na atualidade. O presente estudo vislumbra como objetivo geral analisar o sentido do lugar geográfico, expressado no cotidiano dos personagens de Beira Rio Beira Vida (1965), produção literária de Francisco de Assis Almeida Brasil, a partir da compreensão da articulação entre os personagens, o cais e o enredo textual. Com a Literatura, pode-se analisar e compreender o espaço geográfico e suas categorias. A Geografia, por sua vez, substantiva-se com a possibilidade da leitura literária do espaço a partir da ótica do contado pela experiência do romancista, que conta um espaço por ele vivido e possível de ser replicado para outros contextos e situações espaciais. A pesquisa possui um cunho qualitativo. Usou-se como metodologia a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Esta construção relaciona-se intensamente com o movimento do Beira Rio, em especial ao cais, principal espaço de articulação dos personagens na trama. Os personagens desta história estão na Beira Vida, marginalizados no cais, visto pela sociedade conservadora como um lado negativo da cidade, como pessoas incapazes de inter-relações com outros meios e "presas" ao ambiente da vivência no cais. Diante das discussões levantadas, conclui-se que o desenvolvimento de análises que congregam os conhecimentos produzidos em ramos distintos do conhecimento auxilia na ampliação das perspectivas de entendimento das dinâmicas abordadas.
Perceptions of Shark Hazard Mitigation at Beaches Implementing Lethal and Nonlethal Shark Control Programs
Authors: Lucrezi Serena , Gennari Enrico
Published: May 2021

Beach-based recreation is an important ecosystem service. Its management relies on balancing human needs and the integrity of coastal ecosystems. Management, however, can be unbalanced in favor of the former, for example, through bather safety programs that are lethal to sharks and other marine species. The promotion of eco-friendlier shark control strategies is underpinned by an understanding of human engagement with shark hazard mitigation (SHM). This study used a questionnaire survey to assess beach visitors’ (N = 843) perceptions of SHM at locations implementing lethal and nonlethal shark control in South Africa. Perceptions were dependent on demography, water use, attitudes towards sharks, and local contexts. Elements requiring attention encompassed the role of fear in shaping perceptions, limited awareness of local SHM, misunderstanding of the ecological harm of some mitigation types, and personal responsibility in mitigating risks. Strategies to garner support for pro-shark beach-based recreation are discussed.
Context-specific cue use in the Eastern painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) and its effects on decision making
Authors: Roth Alexander D. , Krochmal Aaron R. , Roth Timothy C.
Published: May 2021

Many species consider both prior experiences and the context of current stimuli when making behavioural decisions. Herein, we explore the influence of prior experience and novel incoming stimuli on the decision-making in the Eastern painted turtle (Chrysemys picta). We used a free-choice Y-maze to assess the preferences of turtles wavelength and intensity of light. We then trained naïve turtles to associate one arm of a maze with a food reward, and then tested the relevance of light colour and intensity on the turtles’ decision-making regarding arm choice. Turtles avoided bright light, even when presented on the side of the maze with which they had learned to associate a food. When light intensities of both sides were the same — irrespective of intensity — turtles chose the side they had previously learned to associate with the food reward. C. picta in our study showed a weak attraction to blue light and a strong avoidance of yellow light, a response generally consistent with previous work in sea turtles. Future studies should examine the ecological and evolutionary relevance of these decisions in field-oriented tests.
The Dissemination of European Popular Print: Exploring Comparative Approaches
Authors: Salman Jeroen
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the prospects of a comparative approach within the field of the dissemination of European popular print. Currently, it is still hard to find studies that address distribution of popular print with a Europe-wide scope. After an introduction about the main concepts, models and approaches, the article discusses some topic related issues, questions, approaches and sources. Social and professional categorisations are explored, as well as the differences between urban and rural distribution, the impact of regional and international networks, the effects of trade regulations and the collaborative features of distribution practices. What became clear is that a wide-ranging study that includes all European countries is urgently needed but not within reach soon, due to a lack of fundamental research and assessible sources. We should therefore first start to collect data systematically and conduct a series of comparative case studies in which we explore important questions and approaches.
Narrative Fiction in Early Modern Europe
Authors: Schlusemann Rita , Wierzbicka-Trwoga Krystyna
Published: May 2021

The article presents a corpus of European fictional narratives, which were continuously printed in at least six European languages from the beginning of printing until the end of the eighteenth century. It analyses the denominations of the works in European literary histories in a comparative way in order to show the impact of the different national traditions in literary history, and provides a survey of the contemporary terms for the works used in European vernaculars. In early modern Europe there was an awareness of the congruence of these narratives and a similar choice of genre attributions in different European vernaculars whereas, as a consequence of the development of nationalism and national studies, the denomination of the genre and their studies has become much more tattered. We therefore propose to use the term ‘narrative fiction’ for the genre and the term ‘fictional narrative’ for the works themselves.
A new species of Gekko (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Tà Kóu Nature Reserve, Binh Thuan Province, Southern Vietnam
Authors: TRI NGO VAN , GAMBLE TONY
Published: May 2021

A new species of Gekko Laurenti is described from Tà Kóu Mountain, an isolated granitic peak in Tà Kóu Nature Reserve, Ham Thuan Nam district, Binh Thuan province, southern Vietnam. The species is distinguished from its congeners by its moderate size, with snout to vent length (SVL) reaching a maximum 107.0 mm; dorsal pattern of 5–8 white vertebral blotches between the nape and sacrum and 6–8 pairs of short white bars on the flanks; 11–14 precloacal pores in males; 14–17 longitudinal rows of smooth dorsal tubercles; and 18–20 broad lamellae beneath the fourth toe. Gekko takouensis sp. nov. is the second endemic gekkonid discovered in the Tà Kóu Nature Reserve, Cyrtodactylus takouensis Ngo & Bauer being the first.
Description of a new Coronium s.l. (Gastropoda: Muricidae: Trophoninae) from south-central Chile and a brief survey of the genus Coronium Simone, 1996
Authors: HOUART ROLAND , SELLANES JAVIER
Published: May 2021

The genus Coronium Simone, 1996 currently includes five Recent species: C. acanthodes (Watson, 1882), the type species C. coronatum (Penna-Neme and Leme, 1978), C. wilhelmense (Ramírez-Bohme, 1981), C. oblongum Simone, 1996 and C. elegans Simone, 1996. All are known to live off South America, from Brazil to Chile. Simone (1996) included three species in Coronium (C. coronatum, C. oblongum and C. elegans). He also illustrated drawings of the protoconchs, opercula, radula and details of the animal. Although C. acanthodes was originally included in Trophon (Watson, 1882) and C. coronatum in Columbarium (Penna-Neme and Leme, 1978), the species are undoubtedly close to each other and belong to a common muricid genus as demonstrated by Pastorino & Penchaszadeh (2009). To our knowledge there are no fossil taxa known. With the exception of C. wilhelmense described from Chiloé Island, at 41°51'4" S, 74°30'5", included in Coronium by Houart & Sellanes (2006) and of C. acanthodes described from West Patagonia, at 50°8'30"S, 74°'4 W, no other species of Coronium are known to be living off Chile.
Anotated Checklist of Chinese Ensifera: The Gryllacrididae
Authors: BIAN XUN , LIU JING , YANG ZIZHONG
Published: May 2021

This paper lists all known Chinese Raspy Crickets (Gryllacrididae) following the scheme proposed by Cadena-Castañeda. A total of 23 genera, 104 species, 3 new combinations, 4 new synonyms, and 1 new replacement name are recorded. Based on these known species, keys to genera (or subgenera) and species with the diagnosis of each genus are also given. Also we provide the Chinese name of all categories.
Demand Forecasting
Authors: Rossi Roberto
Published: May 2021

In this chapter, we discuss predictive analytics techniques for demand forecasting in inventory control. The techniques surveyed in this chapter originate in the realm of time series analysis and forecasting. We first introduce the notion of time series, then we survey a portfolio of time series models. We show how to fit these models to data and how to generate forecasts, confidence and prediction bands.
A Spatial Evaluation of Arctic Sea Ice and Regional Limitations in CMIP6 Historical Simulations
Authors: Watts Matthew , Maslowski Wieslaw , Lee Younjoo J. , Kinney Jaclyn Clement , Osinski Robert
Published: May 2021

The Arctic sea ice response to a warming climate is assessed in a subset of models participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), using several metrics in comparison with satellite observations and results from the Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System and the Regional Arctic System Model. Our study examines the historical representation of sea ice extent, volume, and thickness using spatial analysis metrics, such as the integrated ice edge error, Brier score, and spatial probability score. We find that the CMIP6 multimodel mean captures the mean annual cycle and 1979–2014 sea ice trends remarkably well. However, individual models experience a wide range of uncertainty in the spatial distribution of sea ice when compared against satellite measurements and reanalysis data. Our metrics expose common and individual regional model biases, which sea ice temporal analyses alone do not capture. We identify large ice edge and ice thickness errors in Arctic subregions, implying possible model specific limitations in or lack of representation of some key physical processes. We postulate that many of them could be related to the oceanic forcing, especially in the marginal and shelf seas, where seasonal sea ice changes are not adequately simulated. We therefore conclude that an individual model’s ability to represent the observed/reanalysis spatial distribution still remains a challenge. We propose the spatial analysis metrics as useful tools to diagnose model limitations, narrow down possible processes affecting them, and guide future model improvements critical to the representation and projections of Arctic climate change.
Auricular Perichondrium Graft for Septal Perforation Repair
Authors: Bansberg Stephen F. , Taylor Cullen M. , Neel Gregory S.
Published: May 2021

Objectives:

Procedures which utilize bilateral mucosal flaps with an interposition graft are frequently used when attempting closure of a septal perforation. Concurrent surgical management of the nasal valve or an aesthetic deformity may be indicated. The objective of this study is to report our experience using auricular perichondrium for the interposition graft when auricular cartilage is harvested for structural or aesthetic graft material.

Methods:

A retrospective medical record review was performed for septal perforation repairs performed at Mayo Clinic in Arizona from January 2010 through January 2020. Patients identified for this study underwent a procedure utilizing bilateral nasal mucosal flaps with an auricular perichondrium interposition graft.

Results:

Forty-four patients (31 females) with a mean age of 53.3 years met study criteria. The most common presenting symptoms were nasal obstruction, crusting, and epistaxis. Prior septal surgery was the most common perforation etiology (45.5%). Mean perforation length was 11.8 (range, 3-26) mm and height, 9.1 (range, 2-16) mm. Auricular cartilage was harvested for nasal valve surgery in 43 patients. Complete perforation closure was noted in 95.3% (41/43) of patients with a minimum post-operative follow-up of 3 (mean, 20.4) months. Four patients underwent revision surgery for persistent postoperative nasal obstruction.

Conclusion:

The ear can provide both cartilage and perichondrium for use in septal perforation surgery. Our study demonstrates the successful use of auricular perichondrium as the interposition graft for a perforation closure procedure utilizing bilateral nasal mucosal flaps.
Symptomatic Treatment of Pain-Related Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in a Biopsychosocial Construct, and a Validity Study of Rome III Criteria
Authors: Madani Shailender , Madani Rohit , Parikh Suchi , Manivannan Ahila , Orellana Wilma R. , Thomas Ron , Di Lorenzo Carlo
Published: May 2021

Our study aims to assess improvement with symptomatic treatment of pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in a biopsychosocial construct and evaluate validity of Rome III criteria. Children with chronic abdominal pain diagnosed with an FGID or organic disease were followed for 1 year: 256/334 were diagnosed with an FGID and 78/334 were diagnosed with a possible organic disease due to alarm signs or not meeting Rome III criteria. After 1 year, 251 had true FGID and 46 had organic diseases. Ninety percent of FGID patients improved with symptomatic treatment over an average of 5.4 months. With a 95% confidence interval, Rome criteria predicted FGIDs with sensitivity 0.89, specificity 0.90, positive predictive value 0.98, and negative predictive value 0.59. We conclude that symptomatic treatment of pain-related FGIDs results in clinical improvement and could reduce invasive/expensive testing. Rome III criteria’s high specificity and positive predictive value suggest they can rule in a diagnosis of FGID.
Teacher-Student Relationships in Childhood as a Protective Factor against Adolescent Delinquency up to Age 17: A Propensity Score Matching Approach
Authors: Obsuth Ingrid , Murray Aja Louise , Knoll Monja , Ribeaud Denis , Eisner Manuel
Published: May 2021

In this paper we examined the impact of the quality of teacher-student relationships at age 10 on young people’s delinquency at ages 13, 15, and 17 utilizing propensity-score matching. The young people were matched based on 105 characteristics, measured at ages 7 to 10. The sample comprised 1483 (49.4% female) adolescents representing around 80 different countries of origin, residing in Zurich, Switzerland. We found that young people who reported a better relationship with their teacher at age 10, engaged in fewer delinquent acts at ages 13, 15, and 17. These findings suggest that when young people perceive a better relationship with their teachers this serves as a protective factor against their engagement in delinquency up to 7 years later.
Effects of Compounded Nonnormality of Residuals in Hierarchical Linear Modeling
Authors: Man Kaiwen , Schumacker Randall , Morell Monica , Wang Yurou
Published: May 2021

While hierarchical linear modeling is often used in social science research, the assumption of normally distributed residuals at the individual and cluster levels can be violated in empirical data. Previous studies have focused on the effects of nonnormality at either lower or higher level(s) separately. However, the violation of the normality assumption simultaneously across all levels could bias parameter estimates in unforeseen ways. This article aims to raise awareness of the drawbacks associated with compounded nonnormality residuals across levels when the number of clusters range from small to large. The effects of the breach of the normality assumption at both individual and cluster levels were explored. A simulation study was conducted to evaluate the relative bias and the root mean square of the model parameter estimates by manipulating the normality of the data. The results indicate that nonnormal residuals have a larger impact on the random effects than fixed effects, especially when the number of clusters and cluster size are small. In addition, for a simple random-effects structure, the use of restricted maximum likelihood estimation is recommended to improve parameter estimates when compounded residuals across levels show moderate nonnormality, with a combination of small number of clusters and a large cluster size.
Policing Institutions and Post-Conflict Peace
Authors: Arriola Leonardo R. , Dow David A. , Matanock Aila M. , Mattes Michaela
Published: May 2021

How do policing institutions affect the prospects for peace in post-conflict settings? We present a principal-agent theoretical framework to explain how the institutional design of policing affects the recurrence of civil conflict. We argue that the fragmentation of police forces can reignite conflict dynamics by impeding coordinated action, undermining information sharing, and enabling agents to pursue their own interests. We test these expectations with the Police Force Organization Dataset (PFOD) on police forces in over 100 developing states. Our empirical analyses show that increasing the number of distinct police forces is systematically associated with an increased risk of conflict recurrence in post-conflict states. We also find that a larger number of police forces is associated with more abuse against civilian populations in post-conflict states, setting the stage for new grievances that may undermine peace.
Mosse’s Legacy: Myths and Ideologies in Cold War Europe
Authors: Acanfora Paolo
Published: May 2021

The essay aims to explore the European context of the Cold War, considering insights and intuitions intrinsic to Mosse’s historical, political, and cultural analysis. The article is structured in three sections. The first one deals with Mosse’s conception of the role of the historian and intellectual in a modern mass society. To Mosse, he or she can never remain alien to politics but, on the contrary, is called upon to take full responsibility for the impact of his/her actions on the community. The second section focuses on Mosse's interpretation of mass society in the international context of the Cold War. Special attention is here devoted to the relationships between politics and religion: a topic crucial in Mosse’s approach both in his historiography and his views on his times. The third part proposes an exemplification of how Mossean intuitions can meaningfully contribute to the comprehension of the European reality during the Cold War.
Ventilation Assessment by Carbon Dioxide Levels in Dental Treatment Rooms
Authors: Huang Q. , Marzouk T. , Cirligeanu R. , Malmstrom H. , Eliav E. , Ren Y.-F.
Published: May 2021

It is important for dental care professionals to reliably assess carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and ventilation rates in their offices in the era of frequent infectious disease pandemics. This study was to evaluate CO2 levels in dental operatories and determine the accuracy of using CO2 levels to assess ventilation rate in dental clinics. Mechanical ventilation rate in air change per hour (ACHVENT) was measured with an air velocity sensor and airflow balancing hood. CO2 levels were measured in these rooms to analyze factors that contributed to CO2 accumulation. Ventilation rates were estimated using natural steady-state CO2 levels during dental treatments and experimental CO2 concentration decays by dry ice or mixing baking soda and vinegar. We compared the differences and assessed the correlations between ACHVENT and ventilation rates estimated by the steady-state CO2 model with low (0.3 L/min, ACHSS30) or high (0.46 L/min, ACHSS46) CO2 generation rates, by CO2 decay constants using dry ice (ACHDI) or baking soda (ACHBV), and by time needed to remove 63% of excess CO2 generated by dry ice (ACHDI63%) or baking soda (ACHBV63%). We found that ACHVENT varied from 3.9 to 35.0 in dental operatories. CO2 accumulation occurred in rooms with low ventilation (ACHVENT ≤6) and overcrowding but not in those with higher ventilation. ACHSS30 and ACHSS46 correlated well with ACHVENT ( r = 0.83, P = 0.003), but ACHSS30 was more accurate for rooms with low ACHVENT. Ventilation rates could be reliably estimated using CO2 released from dry ice or baking soda. ACHVENT was highly correlated with ACHDI ( r = 0.99), ACHBV ( r = 0.98), ACHDI63% ( r = 0.98), and ACHBV63% ( r = 0.98). There were no statistically significant differences between ACHVENT and ACHDI63% or ACHBV63%. We conclude that ventilation rates could be conveniently and accurately assessed by observing the changes in CO2 levels after a simple mixing of household baking soda and vinegar in dental settings.