bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Struktura neverbálního chování u vesnických dětí (mladší školní věk).
Authors: Světlíková Hana , Škvařilová Božena
Published: January 2025

Obecná antropologie jako věda se širokým spektrem poznání zahrnuje mnohé oblasti včetně etologie, která se zabývá chováním zvířat i člověka. Definovat pojem lidské chování je velmi obtížné a je zvažováno na různých úrovních při využití klasických metod výzkumu. Pro etologii je hlavní metodou aktivní pozorování a objektivní popis v daných (přirozených) podmínkách. U člověka se v rozhodující míře na přenosu zpráv (komunikaci) podílí druhově specifická vlastnost artikulovaná řeč a v nemenší míře je důležitá i neverbální komunikace, tj. biologicko-sociální jev, kterým se rozumí přenos informací mezi dvěma (i více) jedinci bez použití lidské řeči. V sociálním chování člověka hraje neverbální komunikace významnou roli a podílejí se na ní nestejným způsobem všechny smyslové analyzátory, které vytvářejí v závislosti na okolnostních charakteristikách složitou strukturu komponent (Klein, 1994A).
Zpráva z mezinárodní vědecké konference „Zisťovanie marginality a integrácie medzi znevýhodnenými skupinami"
Authors: Jakoubek Marek , Radostný Lukáš
Published: January 2025

Ve dnech 25.-27. září 2003 se v Prešově v prostorách Filozofické fakulty Prešovské Univerzity konala mezinárodní vědecká konference věnovaná problematice marginality a integrace znevýhodněných skupin.
G. Deleuze: Proust a znaky.
Authors: Bystřický Jiří
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Gilles Deleuze.
Studie k sociálním dějinám 5. Eds. Jana Machačová a Jiří Matějček.
Authors: Soukupová Blanka
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Jana Machařová and Jiří Matějček.
Židé a Morava, Sborník z konference konané v Muzeu Kroměřížska 13. listopadu 2002. Editor Petr Pálka.
Authors: Soukupová Blanka
Published: January 2025

A review of the book.
Profanace posvátna a odkouzlení světa.
Authors: Tinková Daniela
Published: January 2025

The paper deals with the question of decriminalization of of blasphemy and sacrilege in 18th century France, Habsbourg monarchy (mainly Bohemia and Tuscany) as principal forms of violation of sacred. The decriminalization or blasphemy and sacrilege reveals the transforming attitudes of European society face lo sacred material and immaterial values. l l1ave. I have studied this decriminaliization process at several levels of materials (considered as several levels of social reality): mainly legislation, public opinion and court records. Fistly, I studied the strategies of disciplination and reinforcing extra-repressive disciplination and "horror of profanation'' in the Early­-Modern Europe (the myths of "punished profanators", the "expiatory ceremonies" organized at the desacrated place "polluted " by the sacrilege). Secondly, I tried to compare the "concept" of blaspbemator and sacrilege created by criminal courts in three studied regions (Ile de France, Tuscany, Bohemia) and their possibilites to escape the capital punishment. Thirdly, I tried to compare the ways of decriminalization of these religious crimes in the reform penal codes of the turn of 18th and 19th centuries. Since that time, the "religous crimes" were considered essentially as "social crimes" that can cause a harm to "society" (public order, religious society or culte), no more to a transcendantal being itself.
Posvátno a Svatobarborský karner
Authors: Altová Blanka
Published: January 2025

The recent restoration of the St Barbara ossuary in Kutná Hora and the preceding research have prompted the need of a thorough study of historical and theological circumstances that influenced the form and transformation of sacral architecture in the course of the 14th to 18th centuries. The knowledge to a large extent contributes to the choice of restoration approaches and techniques. Students of the seminar of arts history at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University in Prague as well as students of theology at the Theological Faculty of Charles University in Prague were asked to prepare studies on the issue. The St Barbara ossuary was built since the early 1380s, in parallel with the St Barbara church by the Parléř construction works. lts construction was discontinued before the Hussite wars and it has never been resumed. From the original project of the one-storey cemetery chapel with an ossuary, only the basement part of the ossuary was completed. At the level of the first flood only a wooden roof frame was built in the second half of the 15th century. In the Baroque era a small garden plot was established there and in 2000 a lookout terrace. Until 1626, the room of the ossuary was used for its original purpose. Then, until the mid-18th century it was used as a chapel of a religious congregation devoted to the Corpus Christi. From 1789, it served to practical, secular purposes, first as a barley manufacturing and sales facility, later as an organ workshop. From 1948, it had no use or protection and it becarne dilapidated. The sacred character of the building was only retained in the name "Corpus Christi chapel", which is being used until now, though without the original importance. In cooperation with the National Heritage Institute, conservationists, architects, and technologists, the town hall of Kutná Hora proceeded to the restoration of the site in 1999-2000. It is still used as an architectonic site within a route for tourists. Although it is a unique example of the Luxembourg gothic from the time of Wenceslas IV and after the latest restoration also a textbook example of a combination of historic and aesthetic aspects when the character of a sacral historical site is being transformed, a different method of use is being considered, which would rather lay emphasis on the attractiveness of death (or fear of it) from the present-day atheistic look.
Specifika v religiozitě protestantských reemigrantů z Volyně
Authors: Sládková Olga
Published: January 2025

During their 75-year stay in Volhynia, Czechs appropriated many specific cultural habits and traditions, which they brought along with them when they returned to Bohemia after World War Two. In the course of integration into Czech society, they gradually abandoned them or they tried to integrate them into the new life conditions. Strong inertia appeared especially in the religious sphere, where some specific features following up the Volhynia religious traditions are visible till now. The Czech Brethren's evangelical congregation in Chotiněves in the Litoměřice region was created in 1948 by re-settlers from Boratín in Volhynia at the head with their minister in order to directly follow up the work of the Boratín reformed congregation. As a result, one can trace in the religious feeling of this congregation, formed by re-settlers, some elements distinguishing them from the majority of church-goers from the Czech Brethren church. At first sight, there is an obvious large stress on the role of choral singing. Singing was a vital part of external religious activity already in Volhynia, where it was among the important elements of evangelising work in the inter-war era. Re-settlers have retained a special liking for singing until present and they even now meet, though not regularly, to train singing. The erstwhile wide repertory of songs has much narrowed, but the songs sung at Volhynia are still the most favourite ones. There is another specific feature: the independence displayed by the lay members of the Chotiněves congregation from the very beginning. They did not rely on church, but mostly tried to settle alone most of the affairs - the budget of the congregation, search for clergymen, etc. The entire religious attitude of re-settlers is closely connected with the agricultural way of life in Volhynia. The Thanksgiving ceremony is until present one of the most important events of the year. The relationship to the Bible as a book of eternal truths and related rejection of any critical examination of the text has only slowly changed after they returned to Bohemia. However, it gradually lost its acute form and at present a critical reflection of the Gospel is no longer seen negatively by the re-settlers. Similarly, there was a deep respect for the Eucharist, connected with an ernphasis on ethical purity of those who receive Holy Communion. The voices of some re-settlers, asking for a smaller frequency of Holy Communion, justified with a fear that the act could become banal, appeared as recently as the 1990s, when the congregation's elders agreed with the decision to hold the Eucharist every month. Same specific features of the religious practice, originating in Volhynia, have thus been retained to a large extent by the generations of re-settlers until now. However, the descendants of the re-settlers, who are growing up in Bohemia, have not identified with these manners and along with the death of the last re-settlers, these features will undoubtedly vanish.
,,Domácí oltáříčky"
Authors: Heřmanský Martin
Published: January 2025

Research of "household altars" in the Czech Republic or Czechoslovakia has mostly stood outside the central focus of anthropology. Although this is not a common phenomenon, it has turned out that it is relatively widespread, especially among the older generation. Based on a pilot survey of this cultural phenomenon, conducted in Prague and Černošín in the Tachov region in the summer 2003, one can describe the "household altars" on two levels: as a sample of artefacts connected with a deceased person and a sample of ritual acts, bound to the recollection of the late person within a family. In most cases, the dominant part of the "household altar" is constituted by the photograph of the late, which creates the "core of the altar". Around the core, there are often situated other things, usually flowers and sources of light (candles or small lamps), in rare cases also a small wreath or a black ribbon. According to the localisation of the "household altar" in the room, one can distinguish the open, closed and frame types. ln a flat or house, it is most often situated in the living room or the bedroom, exceptionally in thee "banquet room". ln connection with "household altars", one can come across three types or ritualised acts: the lighting of candles (or small lamps), laying of flowers and communication with the late, while there are two differing approaches to their execution. More often, this is only done at holidays, either connected with the late person (such as birthday, anniversary of death, the name-day, etc.) or general ones (such as Christmas, Easter, All Souls' Day, etc.). Less frequently, these acts are performed whenever the relatives remember the late, without any apparent connection with any holiday. A broad array of reasons leading to the creation of a "household altar" and the execution of the above mentioned ritualised acts, ranges from the preservation of ffamily tradition, the expression of recollection of the late and homage paid to his memory to the effort at establishing a contact with the late in order to repudiate the feeling of solitude. There is also the effort at ensuring a "magic" protection and help of the late relative. The survey has shown that "household altars" have not only a primarily reverent function and the associated aesthetlc function, bur also often fulfil the psychotherapeutical function and in some case even a magic and superstitious function.
Mezinárodní konference - Traditional Culture as a Part of Cultural Heritage of Europe. Presence and Perspektive of Folklore and Folkloristics.
Authors: Bittnerová Dana
Published: January 2025

Ve dnech 23.-25. 10. 2002 uspořádal ústav etnológie SAV v Bratislavě mezinárodní konferenci „Traditional Culture as a Part of Cultural Heritage of Europe. Presence and Perspektive of Folklore and Folkloristics" (Tradiční kultura jako součást kulturního dědictví Evropy - Současnost a perspektivy folkloru a folkloristiky). Jednání probíhala v reprezentačních prostorách Pálffyho paláce. Zúčastnili se jí folkloristé a etnologové z devíti zemí (Bulharska, České republiky, Estonska, Maďarska, Německa, Norska, Rakouska, Slovenska a Slovinska).
Čím je Klub slovenské kultury v České republice
Authors: Nosková Helena
Published: January 2025

Klub slovenské kultury má svoji zvláštní historii. Dalo by se říci, že v současnosti, t.j. od října 2003 obsahově více navázal na činnost československé společnosti, která byla oficiálně zakázána společně s dalšími spolky a občanskými sdruženími v roce 1951. Hlavním cílem poválečné Československé společnosti bylo udržovat Česko-slovenskou vzájemnost, utvářet a pěstovat dobré vztahy mezi Čechy a Slováky, představovat Slovensko, jeho kulturu a reálie v českých zemích. Do roku 2003 KSK více čerpal z odkazu Místních odborů Matice Slovenské, které byly v letech 1947-1949 zakládány v Čechách, v těch místech, kde žilo více slovenských osídlenců - v pohraničí, nebo ve městech se značným přílivem Slováků (Praha, Prostějov, Brno, atd.). V Praze a několika dalších městech pracovali MOMS již v letech meziválečných, jejich náplň byla obdobná jako činnost československé společnosti.
Alexandra Navrátilová, Narození a smrt v české lidové kultuře.
Authors: Turková Miloslava
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Alexandra Navrátilová.
Národní tradice a identita
Authors: Hroch Miroslav
Published: January 2025

Tbe article summarizes the results of the author´s recent works on the role of historical tradition in the forming of a national identity. He pursues the opinion that the issue is framed by the phenomenon of historical consciousness, which oscillates between two poles - crirical scientific knowledge and mythological, spontaneously appearing "memory". He then traces the sources of Czech national identity in pre-modern period as well as in the process of forming of a modern nation. Based on the typological setting of the place held by the formation of the Czech nation within the European context, the author then constructs some basic stereotypes that are influenced by this typological setting. Several concepts can be discerned from the "small nation'' type of development scheme. Firstly, the existence of a nation is nothing apparent but something that has been struggled for. Secondly, a "small nation'' therefore has to justify its existence. Thirdly, fear of losing a national existence and the corresponding stereotype of a defensive reflex, which might be an argument for moral exculpation. Pounhly, a nation has been formed via "bottom-up", by the emancipation of people and is therefore founded on the idea of people as the base of a nation. Fifthly, certain elements of provincialism are found, and lastly, a nation formed itself in opposition to the state-political system and had to break the old legitimacy: hence the lowered respect for the state and legitimacy as a whole. Further on, the article characterizes the trans- and deformation of historical consciousness in the era of real socialism, critically characterizes the low level of historical consciousness today and poses the question whether a national identity can sustain itself without its historical dimension, without the national memory.
Kéž jsou všechny bytosti šťastné, říkávali tibetští loupežníci
Authors: Kašpar Jan
Published: January 2025

Stanislav Komárek po své první návštěvě Číny v roce 2000, nadšen čínským elánem, pracovitostí a talentem pro mírovou expanzi, nalezl pro Evropu jen chmurná slova. Cituji: Evropa se z čínského hlediska skládá takřka jen z mezer, volného prostoru a nevyužitých podnikatelských šancí, které čekají na ty, kdo ještě nezapomněli na kooperaci, obecné dobro a houževnatou cílevědomost s touhou po vzdělání a uplatnění. Záleží jen na nás, zda vidina sedmimiliónové Prahy s českou minoritou, prodávající rukodělné suvenýry a tančící v pestrých krojích na Staroměstském rynku je jen absurdní vizí či reálnou předtuchou. Snad nebudu muset své staré roky trávit neustálým opakováním nástupu v univerzitních talárech, které si budou bohatí čínští turisté natáčet na video jako jeden z bizarních obyčejů minority Čiek. Letos v květnu byl profesor Komárek v Číně podruhé, ale centra Říše středu (oblast etnika Chan) v podstatě minul.
Komunikační strategie Vietnamců - Domažlice
Authors: Thomayerová Jana
Published: January 2025

In March 2003, a research was carried out in the Stall Trading Section of Domažlice Municipal Authority with the aim of describing the strategy Vietnamese stallholders adopt in dealing with Czech authorities, namely in a difficult situation resulting from the Local Council's decision to reduce the number of stalls in traditional markets on the Town Square. The situation had to be defused by female clerks of the Section. The research was conducted by employing a method of disinterested observation. It was found out that Vietnamese traders mostly followed a policy of pretending they were unable to understand what clerical workers were telling them. In this context, a considerable persistence and pushiness of tbe Vietnamese was noticeable, which often made the clerical workers lose their temper. In order to push their demands, the Vietnamese kept repeating the same arguments, which more often than not were untrue. The Vietnamese were never first to ask questions, always waiting for the clerks to begin. Whenever an individual trader had failed, the Vietnamese negotiated as a group, which always had its own speaker. Only when they were threatened that the police would be called, did they immediately leave the market place. When they succeeded in their negotiations, they used a policy of pretending a subordinace position, expressed by nodding, agreeing, bows or repeated greetings.
Pískovcové převisy středních a severních Čech: jejich vznik, sedimenty a paleoantropologický význam
Authors: Cílek Václav
Published: January 2025

The most important findings of the study of sandstone rockshelter and their infillings can be summarised as follows: 1. Genesis of rockshelters: The race of rockshelter formation under Holocene climatic conditions is low, because Mesolithic artefacts are often found in undisturbed layer 2-15 cm from the sandstone wall, thus che shape of many rockshelters has not changed much during last at least 9000 radiocarbon years. The destructive action of frost during ice ages seems to be responsible for the origin of majority rockshelters. The reservoir of capillary water is located either in more permeable layers of sandstone masiff but more often in loose sediments under sandstone cliffs - almost all bigger rockshelters can be found at the contact of slope sediments and sandstone rock. Complex interactions among salt weathering, surface hardening caused by free silica, exfoliation and biological destructive and protective processes can be observed. 2. Calcareous environment of the Early Holocene: The higher CaCO3 content in Early Holocene soils has been recorded from a number of areas where the presents-day soils are decalcified. Possibly the most significant feature of Holocene strata under sandstone cliffs that are influenced by human activities is the presence of usualy 1-3 cm thin, grey calcitic intercalations that contain some 50 wt. % of fine grained calcite. Geochemical study indicates that the carbonate layers with high phosphorus content and low carbonate 8/13C and 5/18O composition were formed as a result of decomposition of cultural layers rich in organic and bone material. The wood ash is the principal source of carbonate. 3. Environmental crisis in Late Bronze Age: The environmental analyses based on sedimentology and fossil content of the Holocene strata display profound differences in forest type, soil fertility, erosion, decalcification and probable dessication and deforestration to happen during Subboreal sensu Ložek (1982) represented in sandstone areas in many cases by Lusatia culture of the Late Bronze Age some 3 000 years B.P. This event that is accompanied by erosion and enhanced slope activity represents one the most important environmental changes of the whole Holocene on the area of Czech Republic. 4. Protection: The sandstone rockshelters of Northem Bohemia yield after a decade of the intense research more facts about Mesolithic life than a century of previous studies, because of the accompanying fossil relicts chat became preserved in dry, calcareous environment. We expect that sandstone rockshelters may in future due to their number and geographic distribution over large areas represent (especially for Holocene) as valuble record as did classical caves for Pleistocene studies of 19th century. While it is now almost impossible to find a major undisturbed karst cave infillings, the majority of sandstone rockshelters is intact.
Otázka historismu
Authors: Horský Jan
Published: January 2025

Nebývá zvykem psát recense publikací tak malého rozsahu, jaký má brožurka Historikové proti znásilňování dějin (stanovisko sdružení historiků České republiky, příloha ke Zpravodaji Historického klubu, roč. 12, 2001, č. 2, Praha 2002). Přece však považuji za nutné se k ní vyslovit, neboť otevřela nové kolo tzv. "sporu o dějiny" (zpřístupněn nyní na: http.//www.dejas.cť). V něm se ukazuje stav dnešního metodického myšlení některých českých historiků. A právě v této souvislosti se chci tímto sešitkem zabývat.
Svátek vyhlášení nezávislosti Běloruské lidové republiky
Authors: Šmídová Michaela
Published: January 2025

Nejvýznamnějším oficiálním setkáním Bělorusů, kteří žijí v České republice, je oslava vyhlášení nezávislé Běloruské lidové republiky. K této události došlo konkrétně 25. března roku 1918. Oslavy jsou především setkáním lidí, které spojuje sdílená vzpomínka na tuto událost, která upomíná na nenaplněné, ale velké sny, které Bělorusové o své samostatnosti měli a dodnes mají. Vzhledem k tomu, že k podobným setkáním dochází od konce 90. let 20. století, mají oslavy již své zaběhnuté schéma.
Promoce 2004
Authors: Jak
Published: January 2025

Ve čtvrtek 15. července proběhly v Aule pražského Karolína tři promoce absolventů Fakulty humanitních studií Univerzity Karlovy. Nejprve promovalo 25 bakalářů (z toho čtyři muži, z toho jedna s vyznamenáním) v oboru humanitní vzdělanost. V témže oboru promovalo v následujícím aktu 27 bakalářů (z toho čtyři muži, z toho tři s vyznamenáním). V poslední promoci získalo titul magistra 18 absolventů FHS - šest z nich v oboru obecná antropologie, dvanáct v oboru občanský sektor (v této promoci byli dva muži, čtyři vyznamenání antropologové a dva vyznamenaní v oboru občanský sektor). Děkan Fakulty humanitních studií UK profesor Jan Sokol měl při každé promoci jiný projev, my vám nabízíme jeden z nich v plném znění:
Gadamer, Hans-Georg: Aktualita krásného. Umění jako hra, symbol a slavnost
Authors: Novotný Jaroslav
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Hans-Georg Gadamer.
Jan Sokol - Zdeněk Pinc: Antropologie a etika,
Authors: Bouzek Jan
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Jan Sokol and Zdeněk Pinc.
Sandra Freedman: Discrimination Law,
Authors: Muhič-Dizdarevič Selma
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Sandra Freedman.
Karel Sommer (ed.): České národní aktivity v pohraničních oblastech první Československé republiky, Olomouc, Opava, Šenov u Opavy,
Authors: Grygar Jakub
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Karel Sommer.
Helen P. Fryová: Čítanka židovsko-křesťanského dialogu,
Authors: Doležalová Jana
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Helen P. Fryová.
Jean-Marc Charlot: Pour une théorie de la littérature mineure,
Authors: Fulka Josef
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Jean-Marc Charlot.
Etologie aneb mravosloví
Authors: Komárek Stanislav
Published: January 2025

Řecké slovo étos, značící mrav, zvyk, obyčej, obvyklý úzus lidského konání, bylo použito pilným slovotvůrcem Ernstem Haeckelem k označení biologického oboru, který se zabývá sledováním chování a jednání zvířat ve smyslu německého Verhaltensforschung. To je z jedné strany zcela oprávněné, protože sledováním „mravů" a chování zvířat i člověka uvidíme tisíc a jednu legitimní podobnost, z druhé strany zavádějící, neboť tím vzniká implicitní dojem, že recept na „dobré mravy" lze získat lege artis prováděnými etologickými pozorováními, v lepším případě lidí, v horším třeba mravenců. Etika, další disciplína odvozená od téhož slovního kořene, je však nauka po výtce normativní, nikoli popisná. Etologie zajisté ukazuje, že se ve všech společnostech přítomné doby (a dodejme, že i těch minulých), více či méně kradlo.
Začátek nové tradice
Authors: Vančátová Marina
Published: January 2025

V posledním desetiletí se do povědomí odborné veřejnosti dostává pojem humánní etologie nebo etologie člověka jako samostatný vědní obor. Na Fakultě humanitních studií UK se etologie člověka vyučuje jako samostatný předmět už řadu let a v posledních třech letech vznikl certifikovaný program Humánní etologie zaměřený na všestranné studium různých aspektů lidského chování.
Sexual Selection and the Biology of Beauty
Authors: Grammer Karl , Fink Bernhard , Møller Anders P. , Thornhill Randy
Published: January 2025

Ze současných teoretických a empirických poznatků vyplývá, že partnerské preference jsou podněcovány především vizuálními, vokálními a chemickými podněty, které signalizují stav zdraví, včetně zdraví vývojového. Krásné a neodolatelné znaky se v souvislosti se sexuální selekcí vyvinuly nesčetněkrát jak u rostlin, tak u živočichů. Takové standardy pro preference a krásu poskytují důkazy pro tvrzení, že lidská krása a posedlost tělesným krásnem se odrážejí v analogických znacích v celých říších rostlin a živočichů. Standardy lidské krásy odrážejí evoluční minulost i současnost a zdůrazňují roli stanovení stavu zdraví ve volbě partnera tak jak je odrážen analýzou přitažlivosti visuálních charakteristik tváře a těla, ale také vokálními a pachovými signály. Ačkoliv standardy lidské krásy mohou být různé u různých kultur, a také se mohou měnit v čase, naše analýza ukazuje, že příslušné selekční tlaky, které standardy utvářejí, jsou stejné. Vedle toho prokazujeme, že nikoliv obsah standardů, které jsou prokazatelně konvergentní, ale pravidla, nebo konstrukce ideálů krásy, jsou universální napříč kulturami. Tato zjištění mají dopad do lékařských, biologických i sociálních věd.
Belief Systems, Social lnput, Behavior, and Physiology
Authors: McGuire Michael T.
Published: January 2025

Sociální vklad a kognitivní funkce spojené se systémem víry ovlivňují fyziologii CNS (centrálního nervového systému) různými způsoby. Jeden z nich prostřednictvím organizace a priorizace myšlení, což redukuje nejistotu a její disregulační efekty. Další cesta je prostřednictvím systému myšlení v rámci určité víry, což může také měnit fyziologii. Třetí cesta je prostřednictvím efektu pozitivních sociálních vazeb s jedincem sdílejícím stejnou víru. Čtvrtá cesta je znalost s kým na sebe vzájemně působit, aby bylo dosaženo fyziologického optima. O tom, že tyto efekty jsou netriviální, můžeme usuzovat na základě řady poznatků. Například existuje pozitivní korelace mezi náboženskou vazbou (účast na obřadech a sociální podpora) a stupni biologického a mentálního zdraví (Larsen et al 1992).
Pár poznámek nebiologa k recenzím Stanislava Komárka
Authors: Pinc Zdeněk
Published: January 2025

Shodou okolností mne profesor Komárek jako recenzent předběhl a jsem rád, že se tak stalo. Je pro tento úkol odborně fundován mnohem lépe než já. Téměř se vším, co Komárek napsal, souhlasím, posledních asi 10 řádek recenze na knihu B. Saxe a posléze snad i to, co Komárek pominul, vede mne k tomu, abych kolem závažného tématu zkusil rozvinout diskusi.
Conference Possibilities and Limits of Research of the History of College Education after 1945.
Authors: Soukupová Blanka
Published: January 2025

The above-mentioned conference was devoted to colleges which are typical urban institutions. And it was and is also a college educational system for which cities are considered to be centers of cultural life and focal points of innovation. On the other hand, universities often changed into fuses of conflict, or in them is concentrated form of loyalty to totalitatian regime aroses.
Conference The Politics Of Culture. Perspectives of Stateless Nationalities and Ethnic Groups.
Authors: Vaňková Markéta
Published: January 2025

The international conference with almost thirty speakers was organised by Professor Nowicka-Rusek under the patronage of the Institute of Social Studies of the University of Warsaw. The aim of the conference was to focus, from various points of view, on stateless ethnic groups and nationalities which try to negotiate and vindicate the legitimization of their very existence and their (mostly cultural language) demands in today´s world. The conference had seven thematic sessions in which scholars from several social science disciplines, mostly sociology, anthropology, ethnology, and political science, addressed the audience.
Deviance in a social context
Authors: Cioban Victor , Cioban-Kudelca Smaranda
Published: January 2025

This study consists of a critical presentation of deviance, focusing on an interdisciplinary investigation. With the aid of a thematic literature review, we discuss internal mechanisms of social cohesion. In this way, we observe that every domain has its own pattern of research. Deviance is a highly debated phenomenon that is strictly relevant to social functioning. On the one hand, the economists discuss the phenomenon of deviance in relation to social market regulation, stating that people’s actions can be explained through Weber’s theory of rational choice, where social order is depicted as social capital. On the other hand, the cultural approach is profoundly influenced by a metaphysical worldview, taking into consideration the religious, historical, and aesthetical experiences. Thus, their focus is the notion of morality, which is, unfortunately, not clearly defined. Another key point is the features of canon, taste, and social distinction. These are frequently criticized by sociologists, whose opinions gravitate towards the processes of norms, anomie, and social bonds. After a short portrayal of the conceptual limits of social deviance, which are reflected in the Marxist, feminist, and ecological perspectives, the paper ends with our opinion on this complex issue.
O dopuszczalności zakupu Chateau Cheval Blanc 1947 za pośrednictwem Internetu
Authors: Blicharz Rafał , Rott-Pietrzyk Ewa
Published: January 2025

Artykuł dotyczy możliwości legalnego nabywania napojów alkoholowych w Internecie w świetle obecnej regulacji ustawy o wychowaniu w trzeźwości i przeciwdziałaniu alkoholizmowi. Autorzy omawiają zagadnienia publicznoprawne oraz prywatnoprawne, wskazując wbrew dotychczasowemu orzecznictwu oraz poglądom doktryny na dopuszczalność obrotu napojami alkoholowi w sieci Internet. Sięgają przy tym do pogłębionej analizy przepisów prawa cywilnego oraz regulacji publicznoprawnych dotyczących podejmowania i prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej oraz prawnych przesłanek umożliwiających jej ograniczenia.
Umowy w globalnych łańcuchach wartości w kontekście klauzul społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu
Authors: Zwierzchowski Jakub Błażej
Published: January 2025

Celem artykułu jest określenie roli umów i kontraktualizacji społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu (CSR) w kontekście globalnych łańcuchów wartości. Kluczowym problemem badawczym jest zrozumienie, jak umowy wpływają na funkcjonowanie łańcuchów i jak wykorzystuje się je do promowania CSR. Do przeprowadzenia badań wykorzystano literaturę z zakresu nauk prawnych, politycznych i ekonomicznych. Dodatkowo wykorzystano źródła w postaci wzorów umów i polityk korporacyjnych przedsiębiorstw międzynarodowych. Pozwoliło to na przeanalizowanie struktury łańcucha, konsekwencji istnienia wiodących przedsiębiorstw i kształtu relacji umownej w łańcuchach. Ustalono, że umowy pełnią kilka ról. Przede wszystkim są narzędziem do organizacji i zarządzania łańcuchami; umowy regulują relacje biznesowe, optymalizują koszty i minimalizują ryzyko funkcjonowania łańcuchów. Jednocześnie tworzą one niezależne reżimy prawne, co pozwala na eliminowanie kwestii sprawiedliwości i równości oraz funkcji redystrybucyjnych prawa prywatnego w relacjach umownych. Wynika to zasadniczo z istnienia wiodących przedsiębiorstw i wykorzystywania przez nie zjawiska nierówności w łańcuchach. Jest to widoczne w kontraktualizacji CSR przez szczególne klauzule umowne. Klauzule CSR pozwalają na przenoszenie na podmioty słabsze kosztów i odpowiedzialności za negatywne efekty zewnętrzne. W artykule proponuje się analizę poszczególnych umów w kontekście całego łańcucha. Pozwalałoby to na lepsze zrozumienie relacji pośrednich i bezpośrednich oraz proporcjonalne rozkładanie kosztów i odpowiedzialności między podmiotami w łańcuchu. Na taką konstrukcję pozwala m.in. implementowanie samoregulacji przedsiębiorstw międzynarodowych do relacji umownej. Artykuł wypełnia lukę w polskim piśmiennictwie, koncentrując się na roli prawa prywatnego w łańcuchach, zwłaszcza w kontekście umów. Ustalenia tej pracy mają znaczenie dla zrozumienia funkcjonowania łańcuchów i roli umów w kształtowaniu relacji biznesowych i praktyk handlowych związanych z implementacją CSR.
The Inflation and the price changes of selected gold futures during the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine, 2020–2023
Authors: Czech Maria , Puszer Blandyna
Published: January 2025

The study’s main objective is to determine the relationship between the level of inflation and changes in the prices of selected gold futures contracts during the health crisis and war in 2020–2023. The study hypothesizes that there is a strong linear correlation between rising inflation levels and increases in gold price levels. Quantitative research used dynamic analysis and multiple linear regression analysis to determine the direction of changes in selected inflation indicators and the prices of selected gold futures, as well as to evaluate the impact of inflation on these prices. The study found that inflation showed a strong upward trend in Poland, the Eurozone, Switzerland, and the US. The highest levels of inflation, as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI), between 2020 and 2023 were recorded in the USA and Poland, while in the Eurozone and Switzerland, CPI levels were much lower. The article shows that inflation growth is not only due to changes in food and energy prices but also to increases in the prices of other goods and services, as indicated by the rising levels of core inflation in the countries studied. Despite rising inflation, the prices of gold futures remained relatively stable, with the exception of Gold PLN Futures, which saw prices increase. The study demonstrates that inflation affects the prices of selected gold futures, but also that the impact of inflation on their prices is heterogeneous, varying both in terms of the direction and strength of the impact.
Wpływ eliminacji odpowiedzi nieuważnych respondentów na replikację wyników badań w naukach społecznych
Authors: Wanat Tomasz
Published: January 2025

Znaczna część badań naukowych jest trudna lub nawet niemożliwa do replikowania lub odtworzenia, co określane jest mianem kryzysu replikacji. Jednym z czynników przyczyniających się do tego kryzysu jest niska jakość danych wykorzystywanych w badaniach. Często można to przypisać nieuważnym lub nietypowym respondentom. Eliminacja danych z tych grup może poprawić jakość danych badawczych i potencjalnie zwiększyć prawdopodobieństwo udanej replikacji. Eliminacja takich danych może czasami mieć skutek odwrotny. Metody wykrywania i usuwania nieuważnych i nietypowych respondentów różnią się znacznie, dlatego też dają różne wyniki i mogą być stosowane na wiele sposobów, dodając kolejny poziom złożoności w kontekście replikacji. Głównym celem artykułu jest wskazanie na zagrożenie tkwiące w posługiwaniu się różnymi metodami wykrywania nieuważnych i nietypowych odpowiedzi dla możliwości odtworzenia wyników badania. Artykuł podzielony jest na dwie części. W pierwszej omówiono zagadnienia związane ze źródłami kryzysu replikacji w naukach społecznych i potencjalnego wpływu metod wykrywania nieuważnych odpowiedzi respondentów na możliwości replikowania badań. W drugiej części, na podstawie analizy przypadku jednego z badań zamieszczonych w systemie Open Science Framework (OSF), pokazano, jak subtelny, a zarazem znaczący może być wpływ zastosowanych metod wykrywania i usuwania nieuważnych i nietypowych respondentów na powodzenie replikacji badań. W końcowej części artykułu wskazano na kroki mające na celu ograniczenie problemu z replikacją związaną z wykorzystaniem metod wykrywania nieuważnych i nietypowych respondentów.
W kierunku dizajnu: o projektowaniu (historii) mody
Authors: Szaradowski Piotr
Published: January 2025

Artykuł podejmuje kwestie zagadnienie rozumienia i postrzegania mody w kategoriach dizajnu. Aby wskazać celowość takiego kierunku badań, autor analizuje dwie wystawy poświęcone modzie. Pierwszą z nich jest Items: Is Fashion Modern? przygotowana przez nowojorskie Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), drugą zaś Fast Fashion: Dark Side of Fashion zorganizowana przez Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe w Hamburgu. Z analizy wynika, że mówienie o modzie nie przez sztukę i jej język, ale przez kategorie dizajnu pozwala zobaczyć ją pełniej, ująć więcej problemów. By jednak zmiana w tym kierunku mogła się dokonać, potrzebna jest weryfikacja tego, co rozumiemy przez słowo moda. Jedno z rozwiązań przynosi badaczka z Australii, Alice Payne. Zaproponowany przez nią podział ułatwiłby patrzenie na modę nie przez sztukę, a właśnie przez dizajn, wzbogaciłby język, jakim o modzie się z reguły mówi, i w konsekwencji jej społeczne postrzeganie. Ostatecznie autor proponuje również, aby odpowiednio wzbogacić o perspektywę dizajnu także historię mody, by dyscyplina ta nabrała nowego znaczenia i tym samym wspomagała przemianę mody w przyszłości.
Examining the Direct and Indirect Effects of In-Home Literacy Practices on Children’s Early Literacy Skills and Working Memory
Authors: Alakoç Devlet , Soydan Sema , Akkaya Ersan Gülsen , Toka Betül
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study was to ascertain the direct and indirect effects of in-home literacy practices on children’s early literacy skills and working memory performance. The study was designed as descriptive research, and structural equation modelling was employed for the analysis of the obtained data. A total of 180 children, comprising 87 females and 93 males, aged six, and their parents participated in the study. The study employed a range of instruments for data collection, including the Home Literacy Environment Scale, the Emergent Literacy Questionnaire, the Early Literacy Skills Assessment Tool, and the Working Memory Scale. The findings revealed that maternal involvement in literacy preparation activities was associated with a higher frequency of such activities, while paternal involvement was associated with a lower frequency. Additionally, the study demonstrated that maternal practices in the home literacy environment had a direct effect on children's early literacy skills. Furthermore, it was determined that early literacy skills had a direct impact on verbal and visual working memory. Although there was no direct effect of the home literacy environment on working memory, it was found that children’s early literacy skills had an indirect effect on working memory performance through their early literacy skills. Additionally, fathers’ in-home literacy practices did not have a significant indirect effect on working memory.
The Use of Web 2.0 Tools in the Teaching of Cultural Heritage Issues in the Classroom Social Studies Lessons
Authors: Kantekin Meryem
Published: January 2025

Culture, which plays an important role in ensuring the continuity of societies, is transferred to future generations with a regular and effective cultural heritage education. One of the ways to ensure that cultural items are delivered to individuals in a healthy way is the Social Studies course. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the impact of Web 2.0 technologies on the teaching of cultural heritage issues in the Social Studies course. Within the framework of this purpose, the study was carried out by mixed method. The data were obtained through the Cultural Heritage Academic Achievement Test and semi-structured interviews. The obtained data were analyzed with the help of content analysis and SPSS program. The participant group of your research consists of 59 sixth grade students studying at a public school located in the city center of Ardahan. As a result of the obtained data, it was seen that the teaching of cultural heritage education topics in the Social Studies course with Web 2.0 technologies had a significant impact on the experimental group. In addition, as a result of interviews with students, it was concluded that these technology tools are useful in the course, make the subjects more effective and permanent, play a role in embodying abstract subjects, and make the lesson more fun. Based on these results, suggestions for using more Web 2.0 tools in the Social Studies course process, informing students and teachers enough about these tools, conducting studies in different units and areas on this topic have been presented.
Body Image And Body Satısfactıon In Early Chıldhood
Authors: Kale Mustafa , Deretarla Gül Ebru , Kaya Muhammed Talha , Çakmak Soner
Published: January 2025

In this study, the relationship between body image scores perceived and desired by children in early childhood and body dissatisfaction was investigated. The relational survey method, one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the study. A total of 539 children (268 boys and 271 girls) between the ages of 4 and 6 attending seven state kindergartens in Adana were included in the study. The pictogram scale for children developed by Colllins (1991) was used to determine body image. In addition, anthropometric measurements were made to calculate the body mass index of the children. Data were analyzed according to the distribution of BMI z-scores of boys and girls according to current body shape. Given that the data were not normal, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used to confirm the correlation between the BMI z-score and the current body size and degree of body dissatisfaction in both sexes. The SPSS 26 statistical package program was used in the analysis of the data. While girls want a slimmer body from their children, boys, on the contrary, want a larger body. It shows that about 34% of children have body dissatisfaction.
A Study of EFL Instructors’ Multicultural Teaching Competence at Tertiary Level
Authors: Gürbüz Akın , Yıldırım Rana
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to explore English as a foreign language (EFL) instructors’ perceptions concerning their multicultural teaching competence in terms of four dimensions, namely awareness, knowledge, attitude, and skill. The study employed a convergent mixed-method research design, involving 114 EFL instructors across Turkish universities. Qualitative data collection involved two phases: semi-structured interviews with 20 instructors initially, followed by video-stimulated interviews with four instructors using in-class video recordings. The quantitative findings revealed that EFL instructors perceived themselves as highly competent in attitudes toward diversity, moderately high in awareness, knowledge, and skills dimensions. However, the qualitative data provided a deeper insight into the dimensions of multicultural teaching competence, which indicated relatively high competence. The study highlights the need for in-service training among current teachers and curriculum updates for pre-service teachers to effectively manage diversity in classrooms due to the increasing presence of learners from diverse backgrounds
The Job Demands-Resources Scale: A Reliability and Validity Study
Authors: Bulut Meryem Berrin , Tunç Abdullah
Published: January 2025

The Job Demands-Resources Model proposes that working conditions may relate to job outcomes in different ways. According to this model, high job demands, and low job resources cause an increase in factors such as stress and burnout. This study aimed to adapt the Job Demands-Resources Scale (JD-R Scale) to Turkish context and to examine its the reliability and validity. Data were collected in two different stages; therefore, two separate samples participated in this research (n1= 244- women= 119 and men= 125, and n2= 227- women= 117 and men= 110 academicians). In the first stage, the JD-R Scale and demographic information form were utilized. In the second stage, the JD-R Scale, Work Engagement Scale, and demographic information form were used. Principal component analysis with a Promax rotation revealed 35 items and seven factors which explained 69.99% of the total variability. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable fits. Significant correlations were found between dimensions of the JD-R Scale and work engagement. The reliability coefficients were also found to be acceptable. It can be concluded that the JD-R Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing job demands and resources in Turkey.
Reference intervals of hematological parameters in the Chilean adult population and the Mapuche ethnic group
Authors: Letelier Pablo J. , Chicahual Carolina A. , Arroyo Nicolas F. , Monsalves Daniel P. , Boguen Rodrigo E. , Guzmán Neftalí H.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Reference intervals (RI) are an essential tool to support clinical decisions. These may have intra- and inter-individual variations associated with genetic differences and environmental factors. Given that Chile is a multiethnic territory, studying these variables is even more relevant. The purpose of this study was to establish RI for various hematological parameters in the Chilean population and the Mapuche ethnic group.

Methods

A sample of 356 adult individuals (aged 18–65 years), of which 146 belonged to the Mapuche ethnic group, was selected using the indirect a posteriori method from the database of the UC Temuco Clinical Laboratory. The analysis was conducted by sex and ethnicity. The Tukey fences method was employed to detect outliers, and the RIs were established through the non-parametric method recommended by the IFCC.

Results

The median age for the overall sample of the general population was 35 years (female) and 36 years (male). Differences (p<0.05) were found by sex in parameters dependent on hemoglobin and platelets counts. In the analysis by ethnicity, the parameters of RBC, HGB and HCT presented significant differences (p<0.0001).

Conclusions

This study shows that hematological RI vary according to sex and ethnicity, which must be considered in a multiethnic population. This understanding enhances our comprehension of the individual characteristics of each person and facilitates more accurate clinical interpretation.
MFAP5 inhibits the malignant progression of endometrial cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Liang Guanying , Qi Zijuan , Du Chun
Published: January 2025

To investigate the biological role of MFAP5 in endometrial cancer (EC). HEC-1-A and Ishikawa cells overexpressing MFAP5 were created. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were evaluated using CCK8, colony formation, flow cytometry, and transwell assays. A western blot was used to analyze the expression of markers affiliated with the epithelial–mesenchymal transition process and AKT/mTOR pathway. As a result, MFAP5 was found to be down-regulated in EC. Overexpression of MFAP5 suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis of HEC-1-A and Ishikawa cells, as evidenced by the inhibition of cell viability and colony formation, and the increase in cell apoptosis rate. Besides, overexpression of MFAP5 attenuated the abilities of cell migration and invasion, as well as reduced MMP2 and MMP9 protein expression. Furthermore, E-cadherin protein level was elevated, while N-cadherin and α-SMA protein levels were decreased, and the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR was reduced in cells overexpressing MFAP5. Our findings indicate that MFAP5 overexpression inhibits the malignant behaviors of EC cells, possibly by blocking the AKT/mTOR pathway, suggesting that MFAP5 may be a new therapeutic target for EC.