bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Pea Germplasms for Rust Disease Resistance
Authors: Upadhyay Vinod , Kushwaha K.P.S. , Pandey Puja
Published: April 2017

Among 46 numbers of total germplasms screened, two germplasms Pant P 244 and Pant P 42 showed moderate resistant, 13 germplasms were moderately susceptible, 29 germplasms were found susceptible and two germplasms HFP-4 and HUVP 1 were found highly susceptible. Moderately resistant germplasm showed low AUDPC value (160.83-188.33) with slow infection rate (0.054-0.062). Pustule appeared on these genotypes were small (1.5-1.7mm) as compare to other susceptible genotypes whereas moderately susceptible genotypes scored AUDPC value from 175.83-437.50 with infection rate of 0.051-0.095. Size of the pustules showed high variation of 1.3-4.4mm. Genotypes with susceptible reaction showed AUDPC value of 292.50-797.50. Infection rate was ranged from 0.055-0.113 with pustule size of 2.9-4.8mm. Those genotypes which fall under highly susceptible reaction (HFP-4 and HUVP-1) scored highest AUDPC value of 1078.33-1223.33 with 0.064-0.075 infection rate. They showed largest pustule size of 4.2-4.6mm. Thus, two genotypes showing moderately resistant reaction in the following experiment can be fruitfully integrate with reduced number of fungicidal spray to obtain maximum yield with minimal rust severity.
Evaluation of Diagnostic Potential of Echinococcus granulosus Recombinant EgAgB8/1, EgAgB8/2 and EPC1 Antigens for Cystic Echinococcosis in Goats
Authors: Rialch Ajayta , Tigga Mary Nisha , A Arun , Samanta S. , Raina O.K.
Published: April 2017

Echinococcus granulosus recombinant proteins including two antigen B sub-units EgAgB8/1 and EgAgB8/2 and Echinococcus protoscolex calcium binding protein (EPC1) were expressed in prokaryotic expression vectors. The diagnostic potential of these three recombinant proteins was evaluated in the detection of cystic echinococcosis in goats in IgG-ELISA. The EgAgB8/1 and EgAgB8/2 recombinant proteins reacted fairly with the hydatid infected goats with sensitivity of 66.7% and 80.0% and specificity of 71.3% and 73.3%, respectively while EPC1 recombinant protein showed lower sensitivity (60%) but comparable specificity (72.3%). Cross-reactivity of these three antigens with goat gastro-intestinal strongyle nematodes and Taenia hydatigena under field conditions was studied. Results showed that EgAgB8/1, EgAgB8/2 and EPC1 antigens cross-reacted with most of the parasites in the goat host.
Microbial Fermentation by Traditional Process using Intrinsic Microflora Reduces the Cyanide Content of Bamboo Shoots
Authors: Khunjan Olivia , Pandey Piyush , Sharma G.D
Published: April 2017

Ethnic people living in the North-East India, Nepal and Bhutan prepare and consume a variety of domesticated and wild bamboo tender shoots. Fermented bamboo shoots are consumed as a component of regular delicacies. However, presence of potentially toxic compounds called cyanogenic glycosides has been a matter of concern in its consumption. In this study, several bamboo shoot samples (fermented and unfermented-succulent bamboo shoots) were collected from different sites of Manipur. The cyanide content of fermented bamboo shoot samples were analyzed and compared with succulent bamboo-shoots, boiled bamboo-shoots, soaked in saline water or without overnightsoaking. The pHs of all the fermented samples were found to be around 4.0 while that of unfermented bamboo shoot was recorded to be of pH 6.Bacterial counts of samples were determined and colony forming unit (CFU)ranges 3×107 – 724×107per gram. The nutritional parameters were also recorded. Protein content of succulent bamboo shoot and fermented bamboo shoot ranged between 500mg- 800mg/100g. The reducing sugar content ranged between 100 – 1200mg/100g. Unfermented – succulent bamboo shoot had high cyanide content (approx. 43.55 mg/g) as compared to the fermented samples (8.78-17.89mg/g). It was observed that boiling the succulent bamboo shoots as well as fermented bamboo shoots removed all the cyanide content from the samples.
Biodiversity and Molecular Characterization of Trichoderma spp. and Exploring its Synergistic Action for the Management of Cucumber Damping Off Incited by Pythium aphanidermatum
Authors: Vasumathi S. , Aiyanathan K. Eraivan Arutkani , Nakkeeran S.
Published: April 2017

Bioversity of fungal antagonist, Trichoderma from different locations of Nilgiri district of Tamil Nadu, India, were characterized through molecular methods. Thirty four isolates were tentatively identified as Trichoderma and confirmed upto species level through molecular tools. PCR amplification of the 18s-28s rRNA gene region revealed that all thirty four isolates produced amplicon size of 600bp and were further confirmed through sequencing. The sequences of various Trichoderma spp. were compared with both NCBI and TrichOKEY database to validate their molecular identity. Among 34 isolates, 31 isolates were identified as T. asperellum (KT462693, KU361372, KX533978 to KX533999, KX523262 to KX523264, KX555650, KX147092 to KX147094, KX5334000), 2 isolates as T. harzianum (KX533989, KX533990) and 1 isolate as T. virens (KU666466) through NCBI data base. However, all the T. asperellum isolates identified through NCBI database were identified as T. koningiopsis using TricHOKEY data base. Identity of T. harzianum isolates (TRI 35 and TRI 36) and T. virens isolate (TRI 37) were same in both NCBI and TricHOKEY database. Antagonistic assay with diverse species of Trichoderma revealed that T. virens (TRI 37) was effective in inhibiting the radial growth of Pythium aphanidermatum (87.78%) followed by T. harzianum (TRI 35), (TRI 36) and T. asperellum (TRI 9) in vitro. The effective isolates T. virens (TRI 37), T. harzianum (TRI 35, TRI 36) and T. asperellum (TRI 9) were compatible with each other. Biopriming of cucumber seeds with talc based formulation of the consortia comprising of T. virens isolate ( TRI 37), T. harzianum isolates (TRI 35 and TRI 36) and T. asperellum TRI 9 @ 108 cfu/g and soil application suppressed damping off to an extent of 76.82% over untreated control.
Reseña Histórica de Sonafluca La Fortuna de San Carlos
Authors: Torres R José Luis
Published: April 2017

La década del 70 del siglo pasado fue muy rica en acontecimientos de carácter nacional e internacional de diversa naturaleza, luchas sociales en varios países de América Latina, crisis económica generada por el aumento abrupto en el precio del petróleo a nivel mundial, conflictos agrarios en diversas regiones del país, movimientos estudiantiles como el de ALCOA, etc. Este breve ensayo relata la experiencia personal con un grupo de campesinos de Naranjo deseosos de conseguir tierra para ofrecer un mejor futuro a sus familias. Se analiza la experiencia concreta de los campesinos como sujetos históricos de un nuevo proceso de incorporación al modelo del capitalismo agrario para insertarse en la cadena productiva de la mediana y pequeña propiedad en una comunidad de La Fortuna de San Carlos, denominada por los lugareños como Sonafluca. El intento de sistematizar la experiencia de un grupo de colonos es parcial, porque intenta explicar los problemas comunes de los campesinos cuando inician un proceso de asentamiento en los trópicos húmedos. Para ubicar a la comunidad en su contexto real, se realiza un breve resumen de los aspectos geográficos más sobresalientes.
La motivación, factor clave para el éxito en la educación a distancia en la UNED
Authors: Wo Chang Ana Victoria
Published: April 2017

La educación a distancia, ofrecida en Costa Rica por la UNED, permite a miles de estudiantes de distintas procedencias geográficas y socioeconómicas el acceso a la educación superior. A pesar de las ventajas que proporciona, un alarmante porcentaje de estudiantes abandonan sus estudios cuando recién empiezan. La deserción estudiantil podría ser disminuida si se logra aumentar la motivación, tanto del estudiantado como del cuerpo docente. La evaluación formativa, el mejoramiento de la calidad del material didáctico y la utilización de estrategias lúdicas de aprendizaje deben aplicarse para motivar al alumnado y cultivar en él la necesidad de aprender.
La explotación sexual comercial de niños, niñas y adolescentes: transformando actitudes. Un estudio sobre la relevancia de la información en la prensa escrita
Authors: Victoria López María
Published: April 2017

La problemática de la explotación sexual comercial de niñas, niños y adolescentes enfrenta, entre otros, una serie de mitos de profundo arraigo cultural que hay que eliminar de la conciencia social e individual, para avanzar hacia una cultura que no continúe legitimando esta forma de esclavitud moderna y de criminalidad. Muchos de estos mitos se centran en la figura de las víctimas, invisibilizando a los verdaderos y directos responsables de esta problemática: los “clientes” explotadores y los intermediarios de la explotación. En este contexto, los medios de comunicación masiva desempeñan un papel fundamental. El combate de este problema es urgente y necesario, y solo hablando clara y correctamente del mismo y asumiendo responsabilidades es posible incidir en su prevención y control.
Los Estudios Generales en la Universidad Estatal a Distancia
Authors: Torres R José Luis
Published: April 2017

En el presente artículo se realiza una síntesis del desarrollo de los Estudios Generales en las Universidades públicas costarricenses. En especial, se rescata la evolución de las diversas propuestas curriculares de los Estudios Generales en la Universidad Estatal a Distancia. Se destaca la visión de los forjadores de la enseñanza superior costarricense, al preocuparse por formar al ser humano antes que al profesional. El interés por mantener los mejores ideales del ser costarricense, así como la necesidad de formar estudiantes comprometidos con su entorno social, hacen que los Estudios Generales se consideren fundamentales en la curricula universitaria.
La esencia biosocial de Ia reproducción humana
Authors: Méndez Tito
Published: April 2017

El articulo comprende la discusion filosofica del problema de Ia esencia del proceso de la reproduccion humana como fenomeno de profundo caracter biosocial, con prevalencia de las regularidades sociales, mismas que definen la "nueva" (superior) forma de reproduccion de Ia materia viva —la social. Y no obstante en la Tierra habitan distintas especies de animales sociales, todas ellas se reproducen primordialmente dentro del ambito de las leyes biologicas, es decir, en forma instintiva y en estrecha dependencia del medio ambiente. Unicamente el hombre (Homo sapiens) —hasta donde sabemos— evolutivamente opto por autorreproducirse mediante la concretion de la tmidad de dos forums de movimiento que mutuamente se niegan y, a la vez, se complementan entre si: la biologica y la social.
Una historia de discriminación y olvido al sur del continente
Authors: Maglianesi Sandoz María Alejandra
Published: April 2017

Tratar de definir los aspectos de marginalidad e insertion de las culhwas indigenas en todo el continente conlleva una tares compleja, en especial en aquellos territorios ocupados por los emigrantes quienes, de una u otra manera, diezmaron significativamente dichas poblaciones. Esta es la realidad de los escasos grupos indigenas de la Argentina, quienes apenas constituyen el 1.5% de la poblacion total hoy. Esto es perceptible a to largo de una historia en la cual at indigena se le ha constituido como usurpador de su propia tierra, alcanzando incluso la legalidad de esta expoliacion en la Constitution de 1853, perpetrandose consecutivamente el exterminio durante la "Campafia del Desierto", en la mal denominada "limpieza etnica". Durante esta se le sefialo con el termino malon que deriva de "mal" a la resistencia indigena, en oposicion al concepto dado por la operation militar designado como expedition en alusion a una expedici6n de catheter cientifico. La paradoja se hace notar al ser los pueblos originarios sometidos militarmente, moment() a partir del cual comienza a desarrollarse una nueva etapa en el pais, en donde el Estado hace tma artificial aproximacion a las comunidades, con politico patemalistas y promesas por deities incumplidas. En la actualidad, los indigenas argentinos continfran una larga marcha de resistencia de sus pueblos y sus gentes. Sus luchas, su presencia y su voz se extienden a tray& de la historia de toda nuestra America mestiza.
Female directors in Italy: The state of art after the mandatory gender quota
Authors: Magnanelli Barbara Sveva , Raoli Elisa , Tiscini Riccardo
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the state of art of female directors in terms of presence, role and remuneration for Italian corporate boards. The analysis wants to highlight the changes occurred after the introduction of the mandatory female quotas legislation in 2012 and to check how many firms are already complying with the law after 2 years. The picture of the state of art is drawn looking at 163 Italian listed firms for a period of 4 years, from 2011 to 2014. The analysis of the data reveals relevant differences in board composition before and after the law. A significant result concerning the presence of female directors stands in the difference between family and non-family firms: the first are those with higher number of female members in the board. Additionally, an interesting data refers to the amount of remuneration for women, which is significantly lower than the remuneration provided to male directors. Being the first work which charts the situation of board composition and board member remuneration in Italy before and after female quotas introduction, this paper wants to trace some key points for future analysis about the impact of female quotas on various firm’s aspects, such as firm performance, firm earning management and quality, governance characteristics.
Corporate governance and discretionary accruals: Evidence from Indonesian Islamic banks
Authors: Kusuma Hadri , Zain Hanifah Dina
Published: April 2017

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the corporate governance on the discretionary accruals. The study of the corporate governance structure in the banking sectors is an important component within the enhancement of banks’ efficiency and performance. While prior studies employed corporate governance dimensions as variable proxies, this study uses a single proxy: corporate governance efficiency. The measurement of the corporate governance efficiency employed the Data Envelopment Analysis with the help of the EMS software. Using purposive sampling, the data were extracted from the financial statements and annual reports of the Islamic banks. The regression using panel data was employed to analyze the relationship between the efficiency and bank’ discretionary accruals. The main findings show that the corporate governance efficiency significantly correlated to the Islamic bank’ discretionary accruals, implying that good corporate governance can minimize earning management and therefore improve earning quality. The efficiency level of the corporate governance also improved significantly during the research period. Additional results indicated that the control variables of risk and gender board of director were not significant, but the percentage gender board and board size significantly influenced the discretionary accruals. The results of this study draw some implications that help academicians, banks and investors of the banking sector.
Board compensation committees: CEO pay and market cap performance with implications for investors
Authors: Grove Hugh , Clouse Maclyn
Published: April 2017

Board of Directors’ compensation committees currently have no pay provisions requiring CEO or top executives’ compensation claw-backs for market capitalization destruction which could have huge impacts on such top executive pay. For example, CEO pay was correlated with market capitalization performance for 24 companies in the metal mining, primary metal, and coal mining industries. Simple correlation tests of 2013 total CEO pay with market capitalization destruction over the five-year period, January 2011 through December 2015, yielded a 74% weighted average strong correlation. The total annual pay for these 24 CEOs was $198 million or an estimated $1 billion over the five-year period from 2011-2015. During this same five-year period, the market capitalization for these 24 companies decreased 73% or $180 billion. During this same five-year time period, the S&P 500 Index increased 63%. Some corporate governance researchers (Kostyuk, 2014 and Hilb, 2008) have advocated: “Pay for Performance, not Presence” which could include such correlations with claw-back provisions as part of executive compensation packages from Board of Directors’ compensation committees.
Earnings response coefficient: Applying individual and portfolio methods
Authors: Al-Baidhani A.M. , Abdullah A. , Ariff M. , Cheng F.F. , Karbhari Y.
Published: April 2017

This paper reports new findings from applying portfolio method, which shows a much bigger earnings impact on share prices (ERC) compared to the erstwhile reports of ERC using individual events, averaged over the sample. We estimate cumulative abnormal returns, CAR, across a test window for each quarterly earnings announcement event across one accounting year. The CARs are then regressed against earnings changes of individual firms and portfolios. The findings show a significant positive CAR when earnings increases; and a negative CAR if earnings declines. The ERC is very small in the test period of 2001-14, which is consistent with published results for years before 2000. The ERC size magnifies substantially due to the grouping effect used through portfolio formation. What is significant is that the use of portfolio method, by removing the idiosyncratic errors, show a price response very close to the size of earnings. The last evidence supports strongly the value relevance accounting theory that has not seen much support from averaging the price responses of individual event responses.
Community perceptions of a CSR programme: A case study of a professional football club
Authors: Davies Simeon E.H. , Moyo Talent
Published: April 2017

Professional sport organisations, especially football clubs have been historically characterised by committed and loyal support from local communities an example of such a relationship can be traced to 1888, when the leading Scottish club Celtic FC implemented a unique governance system that included allowing their fans to have a say in the running of the organisation (Carr, Findlay, Hamil, Hill and Morrow, 2000); such an accommodation could be viewed as an early example of a corporate social responsibility initiative at a professional football club. It is therefore not surprising that many present day professional football clubs are increasingly integrating Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as part of their overall business and operational strategy in order to facilitate sustainable success in a competitive and often volatile environment. However, little if any research has been conducted in an African context regarding CSR programmes and professional sport organisations. In response to this shortcoming the aim of this research was to conduct a case study of community perceptions of the CSR programme at Ajax Cape Town Football Club who play in the Professional Soccer League (PSL). This study employed a mixed methods design in order to generate both quantitative and qualitative data for a nuanced and relevant data analysis. It should be noted that a number of established high profile European football clubs have recognised the importance CSR, for example Barcelona FC whose exemplary CSR structure has been beneficial to the club, as well as their immediate community (Hamil, Walters and Watson, 2010). Furthermore, it has been previously reported that research can facilitate a better understanding of how and if sport organisations can maximise their organisational performance from their CSR and furthermore also show the social and economic benefits of sport (Moyo and Davies, 2015).
Financial accountability & governance in an emerging country
Authors: Dzomira Shewangu
Published: April 2017

In the public sector the agents have the responsibility of being accountable to the exploitation of the resources towards service delivery. The public sector expenditure has been characterised with wasteful and fruitless, irregular and unauthorised expenditures. Therefore governance embraces the engagements set to certify that the anticipated upshots for stakeholders (citizens) are limpid and realized. This study is grounded on agency theory as it seeks out to analyse public expenditure and governance in South Africa’s public sector. The research study followed a qualitative research approach based on an interpretative philosophy which examined meaningful and symbolic content of qualitative data from 24 General Reports on The Provincial Audit Outcomes for the three periods (2012-2013; 2013-2014 and 2014-2015). The research results propose that public sector financial governance in South Africa is pitiable as the public agencies perpetrate an act of financial misdemeanour as they continue to errantly make irregular expenditures, unauthorised expenditures and, fruitless and wasteful expenditures. Public finance management reform is a necessity as it can aid governments move to single accounting systems across the public sector, permitting centralised planning and budgeting, as well as the capacity to observe the expenditure of funds centrally. It is recommended that governments should implement integrated financial management systems which allows for integrated budgeting, financial management, procurement and supply chain management.
Corporate governance and firm performance in periods of financial distress
Authors: Kyriazopoulos George
Published: April 2017

This study investigates the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance employing data from 203 firms listed on the Athens Stock Exchange between 2005 and 2014. This period encompass the sovereign debt crisis erupted in Greece in 2010 and still continues to hit households and businesses alike. The results from the panel regression analysis signify the role of corporate governance in determining the firm performance of the Greek listed firms. In particular, the empirical results reveal a positive impact of board size and composition on corporate performance. Though the role of board size remains unaltered during the crisis period that of outside directors diminishes as the certification provided by auditors seem to replace much of the variation in firm performance. Finally, leverage and liquidity are the two firm-specific factors that their effect was strengthened during the financially-constraint period.
The impact of credit rating as scoring methods on GCC market indexes
Authors: Debab Nassima , Al Mahari Ayman Matter
Published: April 2017

The aim of this paper is to investigate whether country credit rating changes announcement has a significant impact on GCC Stock Market Index. As per researcher knowledge, none has been done on the GCC. Using event study methods in estimation of the relationship between the credit rating agency Moody’s and GCC stock markets indexes over 11 years period between 2004 to Jun 2015. The sample of this study is relatively related to GCC stock markets indexes, it focuses on all the long-term country credit rating decisions by Moody’s and its impact on short-terms investments and stock markets. Moreover it considers the gap between long-terms and the short-terms investor singular events. The result of our paper indicate that the impact of credit rating agency Moody’s on GCC Stock Markets Indexes is insignificant and have no impact, taking into consideration the impact of 2008 financial crisis.
The effect of the ownership concentration on earnings management. Empirical evidence from the Italian context
Authors: Grimaldi Francesco , Muserra Anna Lucia
Published: April 2017

The numerous cases of business disruptions, involving opportunism and accounting fraud by shareholder, directors and managers, that have occurred in different countries over the past two decades along with institutional and context phenomena and with the rise of the 2008 financial crisis, have refocused the attention of academia, professionals and world policy makers on the disclosure processes used by companies and on corporate governance mechanisms. This paper, after a systematic description of the investigated issues – ownership structure, ownership concentrations and largest shareholders examines the relationship between ownership structure or concentrated ownership and earnings management in the Italian context, characterized by concentrated ownership and the dominance of the largest shareholder who exercises typically significant influences on management decisions directly or indirectly. Existing literature suggests, in an unequivocal way, the effect of the ownership structure on earnings management. According to some researchers, the ownership structure decreases the incentive to manage earnings. Others have the opposite opinion, they think ownership structure on earnings management provides the opportunity and incentive to manipulate earnings. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to analyse whether, in the Italian context, a firm’s ownership structure, measured with several variables, exacerbates or alleviates earnings management. Using a sample of 300 non-financial listed Italian firms from 2011 to 2013. We find that discretionary accruals, as a proxy for earnings management, is negatively related to ownership concentration and the second largest shareholder and positively related to first largest shareholder. The study’s results suggest that ownership concentration improve the quality of annual earnings, in a particular agency setting, by reducing the levels of earnings management.
Single dose Intraoperative Antibiotics versus Postoperative Antibiotics for Patient Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Symptomatic Cholelithiasis
Authors: Thapa Sagun Bahadur , Kher Yashwant Ramakrishan , Tambay Yashwant Gajanan
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Surgical site infection is a common complication shown in literature following cholecystectomies. Smaller incision and use of trocars in laparoscopic cholecystectomy lessen the contamination resulting in less chances of surgical site infection. However, in fear of postoperative infection, many opt for the prolonged postoperative use of antibiotic and there is growing consensus against it. Antibiotics not only increases the cost and hospital stay duration but it aids in emergence of multidrug resistance. Because of the controversies, we conducted this clinical trial to see whether a single prophylactic dose of antibiotic at the time of induction of anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy was equally effective in controlling post-operative infection as multi-dose antibiotics during and post-operative period.

 

Methods: The study was conducted at the department of general surgery, Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital, from November  2015 to October 2016. All cases with symptomatic cholelithiasis subjected for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled. Patients were randomized into two groups; Group SD received single dose of an intravenous dose of amikacin 500 mg, at induction of anesthesia and Group MD received multiple intravenous dose of amikacin, during and postoperatively for two days. Complications, hospital stay, and treatment cost in two groups were compared and analyzed.

 

Results: There were a total of 240 patients in the study, 118 in Group SD and 122 in Group MD. Post-operative infection rate was 4.2% (n= 5, N=118) in Group SD and 3.3% (n=4, N=122) in Group MD; the difference was not significant (p=0.75). Hospital stay was prolonged and cost was higher significantly in Group MD.

 

Conclusion: Single dose of prophylactic antibiotic, administered at induction of anesthesia, is equally effective as multiple doses of post surgical antibiotics to prevent post-operative infection in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for uncomplicated cholelithiasis.
Aproximación general a la acción de extinción del dominio en Colombia
Authors: Torres Jenner Alonso Tobar
Published: April 2017

Colombia ha sido un país inmerso en una constante y tenaz lucha para superar un estado de violencia endémico generado por numerosos actores, entre ellos el narcotráfico y el enriquecimiento ilícito. Con el propósito de hacer frente a estos problemas, el constituyente colombiano consagró la figura de la extinción de dominio como herramienta jurídica de lucha contra el enriquecimiento ilícito, así como la violencia y pobreza que dicho fenómeno trae consigo.26 años después, la acción de extinción de dominio es uno de los principales instrumentos del Estado para enfrentar el enriquecimiento ilícito, pero su desarrollo social y jurídico no ha sido pacífico ni totalmente efectivo. El presente artículo aborda las características generales de esta figura, exponiendo sus críticas y ventajas, y sus perspectivas de efectiva aplicación en Colombia.
Eficacia de la consulta previa en el trámite de licencias ambientales en el departamento del Chocó 2006-2011
Authors: Valencia Marisela Mena , Cuesta Lisneider Hinestroza
Published: April 2017

El departamento del Chocó, es un “territorio con una riqueza natural, étnica ycultural incalculable” (¿Qué es el Chocó Biogeográfico?, 2013). La consultaprevia es un derecho y un mecanismo de participación de los grupos étnicos,sin embargo, no es eficaz, ni constituye un medio adecuado para proteger losderechos constitucionales de comunidades negras en el trámite de licenciasambientales en el Chocó, porque no existe un procedimiento idóneo quegarantice la participación efectiva de los intervinientes. Se realizó unainvestigación descriptiva donde se utilizó el método analítico. Se evidencióque las decisiones de las comunidades no son vinculantes al momento deotorgarse las licencias ambientales, la falta de reglamentación genera abuso delas autoridades en las actuaciones procedimentales.
La sanción penal de los conductores ebrios en Colombia: entre las dificultades dogmáticas y la ausencia de una política criminal coherente
Authors: Lozano Renato Vargas , Garay Laura Castillo
Published: April 2017

La circulación de vehículos automotores propone nuevos retos al derechopenal, el cual, acorde con las tendencias punitivas tan comunes hoy, espresentado a la opinión pública colombiana, por los medios y los legisladores,como la única solución posible para contrarrestar los altos índices de muertosy heridos producidos, en especial, por conductores ebrios. Sin embargo, lacreación de nuevos delitos o el endurecimiento de las penas ya existentes,apenas puede contribuir a la reducción de esas cifras; el papel del derechopenal a tales efectos es limitado y la política criminal no es sino una más dentrodel conjunto de las políticas públicas llamadas a mejorar la seguridad vial, quedista, por cierto, de ser la más eficaz en esta materia.
Teorías implícitas y explícitas en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje del solfeo
Authors: Ordóñez Henry Roa
Published: April 2017

Este estudio explora los rasgos de similitud y de divergencia entre el discursopedagógico del docente y su actuación en el aula de clase, a partir de los distintos paradigmas educativos que guían, hoy por hoy, el acontecer educativo. Los procesos de enseñanza y de aprendizaje del solfeo se constituyen en la columna vertebral de la propuesta curricular del Departamento de Música, que posee implicaciones en las demás áreas musicales, por tanto, el programa formativo que orienta el área del solfeo, requiere una evaluación de los impactos y efectos que produce la actuación del docente encargado de dirigir esta asignatura, como condición esencial para establecer elementos de construcción y de transferencia de conocimiento en cada una de las disciplinas que conforman la estructura curricular del Departamento de Música.
La continencia aristotélica: encauzamiento de las acciones rectas en el científico que experimenta con animales
Authors: Giraldo Luis Fernando Garcés , Zuluaga Conrado Giraldo
Published: April 2017

En la ética aristotélica, es la virtud de la continencia la encargada de dominar elalma y encauzarla hacia la recta razón; es así como el continente sabiendo quelas pasiones son malas no las sigue a causa de la razón; es este virtuoso quiendomeña las pasiones, ya que ambas, la razón y las pasiones, se oponen entre sí.Para Aristóteles, el deseo es el principio de la acción, seguido por la deliberaciónque lleva a elegir la mejor y la más perfecta acción virtuosa. Es importante para la bioética, que la virtud de la continencia se aplique a las actuaciones de los científicos que hacen uso de los animales para la experimentación, que todos sus actos estén mediados por las buenas acciones. El presente artículo seocupará de la virtud de la continencia como el encauzamiento de las accionesmediadas por la recta razón en el científico que investiga con animales.
Un solo mundo: los hombres en la caverna, liberación y ascensión
Authors: Delgado Lombana Cesar
Published: April 2017

En el artículo se aborda la compleja relación entre los tres símiles empleados por Platón en La República, en los libros VI y VII. Se propone que el símil de la caverna se puede comprender como un movimiento “fenomenológico”, es decir, un movimiento del ámbito de la doxa al ámbito noético que describe un cambio de mirada del filósofo sobre lo ente. Así, se establece una modificación en la interpretación tradicional del símil que presupone que la caverna implica una forma de movimiento espacial. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22518/16578953.152
Venturas y desventuras de la voluntad. Reflexiones a partir de la fenomenología de Edmund Husserl
Authors: Vargas Bejarano Julio Cesar
Published: April 2017

Esta investigación pregunta por los alcances y límites de los actos volitivos. Partiendo de la descripción husserliana de la estructura y génesis de los actos voluntarios, surge el interrogante por las determinaciones no conscientes de las tomas de decisión y por las resoluciones volitivas. La descripción fenomenológica de la voluntad está primordialmente conectada con las consideraciones éticas, sobre las condiciones para la realización de una vida plena y feliz. Sin embargo, la fenomenología de Husserl ofrece la base para estudiar la voluntad en general. Si bien es cierto que el psicoanálisis no proporciona una descripción de la voluntad, presenta una descripción de sus límites y brinda la posibilidad de entender la importancia del fracaso, como vía de moderación de una voluntad soberbia. A pesar de sus restricciones y condicionamientos, la voluntad forma parte de la naturaleza humana. La aclaración de tales límites y condiciones de la voluntad, es un tema en donde las investigaciones –empíricas– del psicoanálisis y las investigaciones de la fenomenología trascendental, coinciden fructíferamente. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22518/16578953.153
La responsabilidad por producto defectuoso en el derecho colombiano
Authors: Villalba Cuéllar Juan Carlos
Published: April 2017

El régimen de responsabilidad por productos defectuosos es un resultado de los desafíos que la industrialización impuso a la responsabilidad civil clásica. Este artículo tiene como objetivo trazar las características de esta responsabilidad en la ley 1480 de 2011 colombiana, tomando elementos del derecho comparado para explicar sus alcances así como los antecedentes jurisprudenciales sobre la materia en Colombia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22518/16578953.179
El trabajo sexual desde una perspectiva de los derechos humanos: implicaciones del VIH/sida e infecciones de transmisión sexual
Authors: Tirado Acero Misael
Published: April 2017

En el trabajo sexual, se asumen constantes riesgos como las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) y el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Este trabajo es un oficio discriminado por su contenido sexual y se ha descrito desde diversos discursos científicos y jurídicos, que han instituido una distorsión de las contingencias que allí se corren, legitimando la estigmatización de quienes se dedican a este trabajo. Por lo anterior, se requiere de políticas integrales encaminadas a prevenir, tratar, atender y apoyar el problema de las ITS y el VIH, asumiendo una visión integral en la que prevalezcan los derechos humanos como principio. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22518/16578953.182
La enseñanza de la historia urbana y barrial. El caso del barrio San José de Bogotá
Authors: García Gilberto Enrique Parada
Published: April 2017

Este artículo destaca la importancia que tiene para la historiografía, laenseñanza e investigación en historia barrial. Se enfatiza en las relaciones delindividuo con su entorno, desde la perspectiva de la historia urbana en el barrioSan José, sur de Bogotá. Metodológicamente se apoya en la historia oral y enla pesquisa de archivos barriales, a partir de ahí, abre una reflexión que transitadel texto microsocial al contexto histórico amplio de la ciudad y el país.Luego, examina algunos elementos relevantes de la enseñanza de la historia yde la historiografía urbana y barrial; enseguida, explica las dinámicas socialesque se entrecruzan en un barrio; por último, pone en discusión las vivenciashistóricas de los habitantes del barrio.
Análisis crítico del tema de la violencia en La vorágine de José Eustasio Rivera
Authors: Ricaurte Carlos Jesús Molina
Published: April 2017

La vorágine es una novela insigne de la literatura colombiana e hispanoamericanaque trata de manera singular el tema de la violencia. Este artículo proponeuna reflexión filosófica novedosa para abordar la violencia como objeto deconocimiento. Se plantea, en primer lugar, un nuevo enfoque a partir de lateoría literaria, enseguida se consideran aspectos del relato, tales como: la doblenaturaleza del mundo, el absurdo y la dinámica autoproductiva de la violencia ycon ayuda de varios autores, constatamos cómo estos mismos aspectos admitennuevas aproximaciones. Este artículo nos lleva a pensar nuevas formas de sery de actuar en el mundo a partir del modo como nos relacionamos con lo otro.
La cuestión (de la) técnica. Variantes culturales y estéticas
Authors: Valencia Juan Diego Parra
Published: April 2017

El pensamiento sobre la técnica recorre escenarios diversos que componenlas formas de aprehensión de lo humano y su integración en el devenircultural. La técnica se imbrica tanto en el uso de objetos y aparatos, comoen la codificación de sistemas de articulación social que permiten unzeitgeist de lo contemporáneo, sea en el ámbito discursivo o en las prácticassocioeconómicas y culturales. El presente artículo busca presentar un panoramade las acepciones contemporáneas sobre el concepto de técnica, partiendode precisiones etimológicas y contextualizaciones históricas, para encontraruna transversalidad funcional que lo relacione con ejes estéticos en sentidoampliado, y que definan una apropiación cultural del fenómeno.
Are Material Weaknesses in Internal Controls Associated with Poor M&A Decisions? Evidence from Goodwill Impairment
Authors: Caplan Dennis H. , Dutta Saurav K. , Liu Alfred Zhu
Published: April 2017

This paper examines the effect of the quality of a firm's internal control over financial reporting (ICFR) on the quality of corporate M&A decisions. We use material weaknesses in internal control (ICMWs) from SOX 404 audits as a proxy for the quality of a firm's ICFR and use future goodwill impairment to proxy for the quality of managers' M&A decisions. We find that goodwill recognized from acquisitions in years concurrent with ICMWs has a greater rate of impairment in subsequent years than goodwill recognized from acquisitions in years without ICMWs, thereby establishing a link between ICMW and goodwill impairment. We further show that disclosure and remediation of ICMWs appear to improve valuations of subsequent acquisitions. Our study contributes to the literature on internal controls by documenting unanticipated benefits of SOX 404 audits on managerial performance, and to the goodwill literature by identifying ICMWs as a determinant of goodwill impairment.
Evaluating the Change Process for Business Risk Auditing: Legitimacy Experiences of non-Big 4 Auditors
Authors: van Buuren Joost , Koch Christopher , van Nieuw Amerongen Niels , Wright Arnold M.
Published: April 2017

The business risk auditing (BRA) approach was developed in the late 1990s and partly incorporated into audit standards in the early 2000s. As such, BRA was a significant innovation in audit methodology. In our interview study, we examine the experiences of 38 non-Big 4 auditors toward the theorization and diffusion of BRA. We use the widely recognized framework from Greenwood, Suddaby, and Hinings (2002), emphasizing the importance of legitimacy within an organizational field, to evaluate the change process toward BRA. First, we observe that the theorization of the new concept of BRA was often of limited success as many non-Big 4 auditors found it to be too complex and remained unconvinced that BRA was developed in response to problems with previous audit approaches (“moral legitimacy”). The lack of moral legitimacy can provide the underlying basis for resistance toward change. Second, auditors often expressed skeptical views about the benefits of BRA (“pragmatic legitimacy”), resulting in only limited use of nonmandatory BRA tools. Finally, we find that auditors were divided in considering elements of BRA as the natural way of doing audits (“cognitive legitimacy”). In all, our findings help to understand the role of regulatory mechanisms and of non-Big 4 audit firms in institutional processes in auditing.
La modalidad B-learning como alternativa de un ambiente de aprendizaje innovador
Authors: Rodríguez Zamora René , Espinoza Núñez Leonor Antonia
Published: April 2017

En este artículo se presenta un estudio a partir del cual se definen las características con las que cuenta la modalidad B-Learning situándola como una alternativa innovadora para responder a las principales  necesidades de un programa educativo presencial que permitan ofrecer mejores condiciones y más oportunidades para el aprendizaje. Se constituye así un análisis descriptivo basado en técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas, orientado a justificar la pertinencia de la propuesta de implementación de esta modalidad en un programa presencial.  En un primer momento se hace una descripción de las herramientas tecnológicas existentes para la educación a distancia, se ubicaron como algunas de las más representativas:  Claroline, Atutor, Dokeos, y Moodle. Identificado Moodle como la más idónea en cuanto a las condiciones funcionales para la implementación. Se elaboró posteriormente un diagnóstico del contexto escolar en lo referente a la calidad del servicio educativo y a las necesidades y requerimientos para la implementación de un programa académico. Encontrando que los estudiantes perciben que se les brinda un buen servicio educativo, sin embargo  no se sienten del todo satisfechos con el desarrollo de la labor docente. Así también  a pesar de que la institución cuenta con espacios grandes, éstos son insuficientes en cantidad, lo que ocasiona que se utilicen otros espacios como aulas improvisadas. Se manifiesta  un uso desorientado que algunos profesores dan a los materiales didácticos y herramientas tecnológicas para el aprendizaje. Finalmente a partir de la descripción y el diagnóstico se definieron las características que debe conjugar el diseño de una propuesta que integre la modalidad B-Learning a un programa educativo, destacando las ventajas que esto podría ofrecer en lo que se refiere a la optimización en el uso de recursos y espacios, además de la posibilidad de poder ampliar la cobertura educativa.
Uma viagem à esquerda: Jorge Amado sem (O mundo da) paz
Authors: Silva Marcos
Published: April 2017

O livro O mundo da paz, de Jorge Amado, descreve as viagens do escritor à URSS e a outros países socialistas europeus no período do segundo pós-guerra e do começo da Guerra Fria. Ele elogia muito aqueles países e critica duramente os países capitalistas. Após as denúncias dos crimes de Stalin (1956), Jorge Amado proibiu a reedição do livro. Este artigo aponta temas de O mundo da paz e destaca a importância de eles serem debatidos para melhor compreensão da obra de Jorge Amado e para análise dos debates sobre Guerra Fria e período político brasileiro posterior a 1945.
As representações da morte na Irmandade do Rosário de São João Del-Rei: os rituais de separação e de incorporação no além-túmulo
Authors: Delfino Leonara Lacerda
Published: April 2017

O artigo disserta sobre os significados dos rituais mortuários praticados no interior da Irmandade do Rosário de São João del-Rei entre 1782-1828. Para este fim utilizamos os estatutos da confraria, junto ao livro de missas da associação, além dos testamentos dos irmãos forros, os assentos de óbitos e os relatos dos missionários católicos em África. O estudo se desenvolveu com base em tratamento quantitativo e qualitativo das fontes, com vistas a identificar os processos de apropriação e de representação cultural das práticas fúnebres na diáspora atlântica.
No tempo das festas: sociabilidades e conflitos em cidades e florestas Marajoaras
Authors: Pacheco Agenor Sarraf
Published: April 2017

O artigo reconstitui e analisa o tempo das festas religiosas na Amazônia Marajoara entre as primeiras e as últimas décadas do século XX (1930-2000) para acompanhar o fazer-se do urbano e do rural em contínuas simbioses. Em meio a processos de estranhamento, negociação, sociabilidade, (in)tolerância, conflito, contaminação e transgressão, marajoaras e religioso(a)s urdiram complexas vivências e deixaram visualizar com que armas operaram para defender crenças e cosmovisões. Desse modo, mediados por códigos culturais distintos, esses agentes históricos em querelas configuram uma permanente teia de lutas sociais na constituição do mundo urbano e rural marajoara ainda hoje não concluídas.
PERCEPCIÓN DE LA IMPORTANCIA, EL APOYO Y LA REALIZACIÓN DE INVESTIGACIÓN ENTRE LOS DIRECTIVOS Y PRESIDENTES DE LAS ASOCIACIONES CIENTÍFICAS ESTUDIANTILES DE COLOMBIA
Authors: Hamon-Rugeles David , Pulido-Medina Cristian , López-Ramírez Estefanía , Quimbayo-Cifuentes Andrés Felipe , R. Mejia Christian
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: Evaluar la percepción de la importancia, apoyo y realización de investigación en los miembros de las asociaciones locales y del Consejo Directivo de la Asociación de Sociedades Científicas de Estudiantes de Medicina de Colombia (ASCEMCOL). Metodología: Estudio analítico transversal, mediante una encuesta auto-aplicada a directivos, delegados y subdelegados de las sociedades científicas locales de la ASCEMCOL. Se realizó preguntas de características y percepciones de la investigación estudiantil en sus universidades, siendo asociadas según el tipo de encuestado (directivo o presidente).Resultados: De los 54 estudiantes encuestados sobre el apoyo y realización de investigación, las respuestas de ambos grupos de directivos fueron similares, según el apoyo de la universidad para la investigación (p:0,190), el tener publicaciones (p:0,322) y haber presentado trabajos a congresos científicos (p:0,215).Conclusiones: Es necesario incentivar la cultura de investigación en las universidades para lograr que más estudiantes se interesen en investigar.Palabras clave: Estudiantes de Medicina, Sociedades científicas, Investigación, Publicaciones, Universidades.(DeCS)