bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of 3-(triphenylphosphoranylidene)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2,5-dione tetrahydrofuran monosolvate
Authors: Zagidullin Almaz , Islamov Daut , Oshchepkova Elena , Lonnecke Peter , Miluykov Vasili
Published: August 2018

The title pseudo-polymorph of 3-(triphenylphosphoranylidene)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2,5-dione crystallizes with a tetrahydrofuran solvent molecule, viz. C22H17O3P·C4H8O. The succinic anhydride ring is approximately planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.032 Å). The tetrahydrofuran molecule is disordered over two orientations about a pseudo-twofold axis with refined occupancy ratio 0.718 (4):0.282 (4). In the crystal, C—H...O hydrogen bonds link molecules of the dihydrofuran-2,5-dione derivative into chains parallel to the b axis and arranged into layers stacked along [100] alternating with hydrogen-bonded tetrahydrofuran layers.
(2-{[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl]iminomethyl}benzenethiolato-κ3
N,N′,S)(4-methoxybenzenethiolato-κS)nickel(II)
Authors: Freige Mackenzie J. , Senaratne Nilmini K. , Eichhorn David M.
Published: August 2018

In the title compound, [Ni(C11H15N2S)(C7H7OS)] or [Ni(NNImS)(4-OCH3PhS)] (NNImS = 2-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]iminomethyl}benzenethiolato), the NiII cation is coordinated by a tridentate NNImS ligand and a monodentate thiolate ligand giving an N2S2 coordination set defining an almost square-planar environment. The Ni—Namine bond in the coordination plane is approximately 0.1 Å longer than the Ni—Nimine bond.
Di-μ-chlorido-bis[chlorido(dimethylformamide-κN)(3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-κN2)copper(II)]
Authors: Naugle Mercedes S. , Keller Brittany T. , Zeller Matthias , Zaleski Curtis M.
Published: August 2018

The title compound, [Cu2Cl4(C15H12N2)2(C3H7NO)2], Cu2(μ-Cl)2Cl2(3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole)2(DMF)2, where DMF isN,N-dimethylformamide, crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP21/n. The five-coordinate CuIIions have a distorted square-pyramidal geometry and are joinedviatwo μ-Cl anions. The coordination environment of each CuIIion is completed by a terminal chloride anion, a nitrogen-coordinated 3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole molecule, and a DMF molecule. Two intramolecular hydrogen bonds exist in the molecule as the H atom of the protonated N atom of the 3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole bonds to a terminal chloride anion of the adjacent CuIIcation. In addition, molecules are linked into a two-dimensional sheetviaweak C—H...Cl intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Each dimer hydrogen bonds to four neighboring molecules as the H atom of the C atom in the fourth position of the pyrazole ring bonds to a μ-Cl on a neighboring molecule.
Staff awareness training: improving knowledge and confidence of autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities in a locked rehabilitation unit
Authors: Hatton Victoria Anne
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a training package which was delivered to improve staff members’ knowledge and confidence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disabilities (ID).

Design/methodology/approach

The training was facilitated in a locked rehabilitation unit for adult males, many of whom had diagnoses of ASD and/or ID. With all staff receiving an invite, 25 attended which was the majority of the staff team. This included staff from housekeeping, nursing and catering.

Findings

To evaluate the effectiveness of the training, a survey and short assessment was administered before and after training. This revealed an improvement in both perceived knowledge and confidence of ASD and ID, as well as actual knowledge. Follow-up interviews also revealed some evidence of sustained learning and practice changes.

Research limitations/implications

Based on these findings, it is recommended that further face-to-face training is delivered at this locked rehabilitation unit to further improve professional practice.

Originality/value

This paper provides value to other inpatient settings as it highlights to practitioners how face-to-face training can significantly improve staff members knowledge and confidence of developmental disorders.
Flux density calculation of air gap for switched reluctance motor considering magnetic saturation based on sub-domain method
Authors: Pang Xianhai , Zhang Haijun , Wang Shuhong , Jing Hao
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the saturation and nonlinear performance of magnetic field in the air gap of switched reluctance motor (SRM).

Design/methodology/approach

The analytical method of sub-domain combined with the saturation compensation method is used to determine the nonlinear distribution of air gap magnetic field in SRM. Also, the resolutions of the two-dimensional (2D) Laplace’s equation and Poisson’s equation in polar coordinates are used to obtain the simplified expression of magnetic flux density.

Findings

For verifying the effectiveness of analytical model, the results are compared with those obtained from the 2D finite element method (FEM). The influence of magnetic saturation is taken into account by associating the sub-domain analysis result with the nonlinear B-H properties of stator and rotor iron. The magnetic flux density in radial and tangential direction considering the saturation effect may be calculated accurately. It can be seen that one can easily determine the linear analytical results accurately, whereas it is difficult to determine the magnetic flux density with saturation influence; especially at some local positions, there is a larger difference between analytical and FE model due to the complex boundary conditions.

Practical implications

This paper presents the development and optimization design of high-performance SRM.

Originality/value

The magnetic saturation may be taken into account for the SRM and analytical models support to simulated system performance.
Model of induction brazing of nonmagnetic metals using model order reduction approach
Authors: Karban Pavel , Pánek David , Doležel Ivo
Published: August 2018

Purpose

A novel technique for control of complex physical processes based on the solution of their sufficiently accurate models is presented. The technique works with the model order reduction (MOR), which significantly accelerates the solution at a still acceptable uncertainty. Its advantages are illustrated with an example of induction brazing.

Design/methodology/approach

The complete mathematical model of the above heat treatment process is presented. Considering all relevant nonlinearities, the numerical model is reduced using the orthogonal decomposition and solved by the finite element method (FEM). It is cheap compared with classical FEM.

Findings

The proposed technique is applicable in a wide variety of linear and weakly nonlinear problems and exhibits a good degree of robustness and reliability.

Research limitations/implications

The quality of obtained results strongly depends on the temperature dependencies of material properties and degree of nonlinearities involved. In case of multiphysics problems characterized by low nonlinearities, the results of solved problems differ only negligibly from those solved on the full model, but the computation time is lower by two and more orders. Yet, however, application of the technique in problems with stronger nonlinearities was not fully evaluated.

Practical implications

The presented model and methodology of its solution may represent a basis for design of complex technologies connected with induction-based heat treatment of metal materials.

Originality/value

Proposal of a sophisticated methodology for solution of complex multiphysics problems established the MOR technology that significantly accelerates their solution at still acceptable errors.
The economics of disaster risks and impacts in the Pacific
Authors: Edmonds Christopher , Noy Ilan
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The Pacific islands face the highest disaster risk globally in per capita terms. Countries in the region have been affected by several recent catastrophic events, as well as by frequent natural hazards of smaller magnitude. The purpose of this paper is to quantify total disaster risk faced by Pacific island countries (PICs).

Design/methodology/approach

The paper evaluates the three main sources of data for quantifying risk in the region—the International Emergency Database (EMDAT), DesInventar and the Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment and Financing Initiative, evaluating the information available on indirect disaster impacts and their likely impacts on poverty and well-being.

Findings

The analysis suggests that the three available data sets contain inconsistencies and underestimate disaster risk, especially for atoll nations. It also identifies four trends with respect to changes in natural hazards that result from climate change and are likely to have the greatest long-term impact on Pacific islands. Focusing on Tuvalu, the paper also quantifies the likely consequence of some of the possible interventions that aim to reduce those impacts.

Practical implications

The paper’s main conclusion is that improving the systematic collection of quantitative data on disaster events should be a basic first step in improving future policy decisions concerning resource allocation and efforts to insure losses from future disasters and climate change.

Originality/value

While a lot of research explored disaster risk in PICs, comparative analysis of quantitative information on disasters across the diverse countries of the region is limited.
Integrating retired military officers into the civilian labour market
Authors: Tūtlys Vidmantas , Winterton Jonathan , Liesionienė Odeta
Published: August 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate issues affecting the integration of retired military officers into civilian work using a competence model as an analytical framework.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper combines literature review with empirical study. The primary method of data collection was a series of in-depth, face-to-face interviews with 25 retired army officers in Lithuania.

Findings

Despite evidence that a career as an officer in the military develops valuable competencies that have obvious potential in the civilian labour market, the integration of retired army officers into the civilian labour market is fraught with difficulties. Apart from the obvious inappropriateness of specific competencies associated with armed combat for civilian occupations, even competencies acquired in military service that align closely with those required in civilian jobs do not necessarily translate because of different contexts and different value systems.

Research limitations/implications

The empirical basis is limited to army officers in Lithuania, and the authors urge caution in extrapolating to other military personnel and other countries. To the extent that the approach has generic value, there are clearly implications for demobilisation after major conflicts or return to civilian life of personnel involved in international peace-keeping.

Practical implications

This exploratory research suggests that a competence framework can identify limits and possibilities of aligning competencies acquired in military service with those required in civilian occupations, provided context and values are incorporated as part of the analysis. The approach piloted in this paper could be useful more widely for facilitating mobility between sectors and occupations arising from the adoption of disruptive technologies.

Originality/value

The paper demonstrates the value of a structured approach to comparing competencies in context and the mediating role of values in moving from military to civilian occupations.
Thin film flow of an unsteady Maxwell fluid over a shrinking/stretching sheet with variable fluid properties
Authors: Faraz N. , Khan Y.
Published: August 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the variable properties of a flow inside the thin film of a unsteady Maxwell fluid and to analyze the effects of shrinking and stretching sheet.

Design/methodology/approach

The governing mathematical model has been developed by considering the boundary layer limitations. As a result of boundary layer assumption, a nonlinear partial differential equation is obtained. Later on, similarity transformations have been adopted to convert partial differential equation into an ordinary differential equation. A well-known homotopy analysis method is implemented to solve the problem. MATHEMATICA software has been used to visualize the flow behavior.

Findings

It is observed that variable viscosity does not have a significant effect on velocity field and temperature distribution either in shrinking or stretching case. It is noticed that Maxwell parameter has no dramatic effect on the flow of thin liquid fluid. It has been seen that heat flow increases by increasing the conductivity with temperature in both cases (shrinking/stretching). As a result, fluid temperature goes down when than delta = 0.05 than delta = 0.2.

Originality/value

To the best of authors’ knowledge, nobody has conducted earlier thin film flow of unsteady Maxwell fluid with variable fluid properties and comparison of shrinking and stretching sheet.
Talent development: status quo and future directions
Authors: Dalal Renu , Akdere Mesut
Published: August 2018

Purpose

There is a critical need to understand current talent development (TD) practices as well as developing a contemporary paradigm that will support a radically different future for TD. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the existing literature on TD, explore the fundamental role of TD in organizations and identify gaps for future directions.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reviews the literature on TD.

Findings

Following themes are identified in selected TD articles: varied TD definitions, theoretical perspective for investigating TD, TD practices and effects and implications on training and development. The literature review identifies two levels of TD practices: organizational level and individual level.

Practical implications

The field of TD is rapidly changing because of the accelerating integration of technology and information into daily work environment. There is a critical need to understand current TD practices as well as to develop a contemporary paradigm that will support a radically different future for TD. Scope and boundaries of TD need to be set, so that practitioners can apply the right practice at the right time.

Originality/value

The paper presents the conceptual boundaries of TD in the current existing literature and identifies the gaps.
Proposing a missing data method for hospitality research on online customer reviews
Authors: Kim Jewoo , Im Jongho
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new multiple imputation method that can effectively manage missing values in online review data, thereby allowing the online review analysis to yield valid results by using all available data.

Design/methodology/approach

This study develops a missing data method based on the multivariate imputation chained equation to generate imputed values for online reviews. Sentiment analysis is used to incorporate customers’ textual opinions as the auxiliary information in the imputation procedures. To check the validity of the proposed imputation method, the authors apply this method to missing values of sub-ratings on hotel attributes in both the simulated and real Honolulu hotel review data sets. The estimation results are compared to those of different missing data techniques, namely, listwise deletion and conventional multiple imputation which does not consider text reviews.

Findings

The findings from the simulation analysis show that the imputation method of the authors produces more efficient and less biased estimates compared to the other two missing data techniques when text reviews are possibly associated with the rating scores and response mechanism. When applying the imputation method to the real hotel review data, the findings show that the text sentiment-based propensity score can effectively explain the missingness of sub-ratings on hotel attributes, and the imputation method considering those propensity scores has better estimation results than the other techniques as in the simulation analysis.

Originality/value

This study extends multiple imputation to online data considering its spontaneous and unstructured nature. This new method helps make the fuller use of the observed online data while avoiding potential missing problems.
Women entrepreneurs, individual and collective work–family interface strategies and emancipation
Authors: St-Arnaud Louise , Giguère Émilie
Published: August 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the experience of women entrepreneurs and the challenges and issues they face in reconciling the work activities of the family sphere with those of the entrepreneurial sphere.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is based on a materialist feminist perspective and a theory of living work that take into account the visible and invisible dimensions of the real work performed by women entrepreneurs. The methodology is based on a qualitative research design involving individual and group interviews conducted with 70 women entrepreneurs.

Findings

The results show the various individual and collective strategies deployed by women entrepreneurs to reconcile the work activities of the family and entrepreneurial spheres.

Originality/value

One of the major findings emerging from the results of this study relates to the re-appropriation of the world of work and organization of work by women entrepreneurs and its emancipatory potential for the division of labour. Through the authority and autonomy they possessed as business owners, and with their employees’ cooperation, they integrated and internalized tasks related to the work activities of the family sphere into the organization of work itself. Thus, not only new forms of work organization and cooperation at work but also new ways of conceiving of entrepreneurship as serving women’s life choices and emancipation could be seen to be emerging.
Transformational and transactional leadership and skills approach
Authors: Megheirkouni Majd , Amaugo Amarachi , Jallo Shehu
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify the required leadership styles and skills for stadium management, and examine the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership styles and the skills approach: technical, human and conceptual skills.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative methods approach was used to gather the data, using a sample of 212 registered individuals in stadium settings.

Findings

The results revealed that there are significant relationships between leadership styles and the skills approach: technical, human and conceptual skills. More importantly, leadership styles were found to be equally important even though the effect between these styles and the skills approach: technical, human and conceptual skills, varied in the three levels of management. Further details have been reported in the results.

Research limitations/implications

The paper provides an insight into the relationship between leadership styles and the required skills, using a quantitative methods approach. While this is an appropriate method, in-depth interviews are needed to understand why/why questions in stadium settings.

Practical implications

Managers should be carefully selected in the three levels of management because unqualified people can have negative consequences on the reputation of a stadium and the hosting of major events. An effective selection program focusing on mid-level managers is essential.

Originality/value

This research represents the first attempt to investigate and understand the relationship between leadership styles and the required skills, using evidence from stadium settings.
The value of cultivating norms for market orientation in professional service firms
Authors: Slåtten Terje , Lien Gudbrand , Svensson Göran
Published: August 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to center on the value of cultivating norms for market orientation (MO) in professional service firms (PSFs). Based on social capital theory, three variables for norm-based behavioral activities of MO were suggested, i.e. leadership support (LS), relationship learning in teams (RLT) and collective engagement (CE). Moreover, three variables were suggested as performance outcomes of norm-based behavioral activities of MO, i.e. employee commitment (EC), service quality provision (SQP) and two dimensions of a firm’s innovative capability (exploratory [EXPLOR] and exploitative innovation [EXPLOIT]).

Design/methodology/approach

Using a survey, a conceptual model was developed and empirically tested. All participants were employed in consultancy firms representing the population of PSFs.

Findings

The findings reveal that RLT, LS and employee CE are particularly suitable in forming norm-based behavioral activities of MO for PSFs. Moreover, the findings reveal that the two dimensions of a firm’s innovative capability (EXPLOR and EXPLOIT) provide strong performance outcomes for norm-based behavioral activities of MO. Moreover, the results also reveal that norm-based behavioral activities of MO for PSFs influenced both EC and SQP.

Originality/value

Using social capital theory, the study contributes to identifying both forming variables and performance outcomes centered on norm-based behavioral activities of MO for PSFs.
Coping with mobile technology overload in the workplace
Authors: Yin Pengzhen , Ou Carol X.J. , Davison Robert M. , Wu Jie
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The overload effects associated with the use of mobile information and communication technologies (MICTs) in the workplace have become increasingly prevalent. The purpose of this paper is to examine the overload effects of using MICTs at work on employees’ job satisfaction, and explore the corresponding coping strategies.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is grounded on the cognitive load theory and the coping model of user adaptation. The overload antecedents and coping strategies are integrated into one model. Theoretical hypotheses are tested with survey data collected from a sample of 178 employees at work in China.

Findings

The results indicate that information overload significantly reduces job satisfaction, while the influence of interruption overload on job satisfaction is not significant. Two coping strategies (information processing timeliness and job control assistant support) can significantly improve job satisfaction. Information processing timeliness significantly moderates the relationships between two types of overload effects and job satisfaction. Job control assistant support also significantly moderates the relationship between interruption overload and job satisfaction.

Practical implications

This study suggests that information overload and interruption overload could constitute an important index to indicate employees’ overload level when using MICTs at work. The two coping strategies provide managers with effective ways to improve employees’ job satisfaction. By taking advantage of the moderation effects of coping strategies, managers could lower employees’ evaluation of overload to an appropriate level.

Originality/value

This study provides a comprehensive model to examine how the overload resulting from using MICTs in the workplace affects employees’ work status, and how to cope with it. Two types of overload are conceptualized and corresponding coping strategies are identified. The measurements of principal constructs are developed and empirically validated. The results provide theoretical and practical insights on human resource management and human–computer interaction.
Is my fear of missing out (FOMO) causing fatigue? Advertising, social media fatigue, and the implications for consumers and brands
Authors: Bright Laura Frances , Logan Kelty
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Social media usage has become ubiquitous in our society – consumers are spending upwards of 20 percent of their media time on social sites interacting with friends, family and brands (Adler, 2016) and all of this usage is driving fatigue. The purpose of this paper is to examine how advertising factors such as attitude and intrusiveness impact social media fatigue as well as two consumer behavior factors, fear of missing out (FOMO) and privacy.

Design/methodology/approach

A 190-item questionnaire was developed and administered to an opt-in subject pool recruited for web-based research (i.e. online panel). A representative sample of 750 US social media users was recruited for the survey of which 518 respondents were valid and usable.

Findings

Results indicate that FOMO has the greatest impact on social media fatigue, not advertising factors as predicted. In addition, privacy concerns continue to plague consumers and should be monitored by advertisers.

Research limitations/implications

With regard to limitation, the survey contained a variety of self-reported measures that can tend to be under-reported, especially when it comes to social media usage as evidenced in a recent study (Adler, 2016).

Originality/value

This research undertook an investigation of consumer perceptions of social media advertising and how those relate to social media fatigue and psychological factors such as privacy and FOMO. In looking at these constructs, a clearer picture of how consumer perceptions of advertising impact levels of social media fatigue has emerged. In addition, the results provide a better understanding of FOMO, a psychological factor that significantly contributes to social media fatigue.
Social media’s have-nots: an era of social disenfranchisement
Authors: Page Xinru , Wisniewski Pamela , Knijnenburg Bart P. , Namara Moses
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the motivations, concerns, benefits and consequences associated with non-use of social media. In doing so, it extends Wyatt’s commonly used taxonomy of non-use by identifying new dimensions in which to understand non-use of social media. This framework encompasses a previously unidentified category of non-use that is critical to understand in today’s social media environment.

Design/methodology/approach

This is an exploratory interview study with 17 self-identified social media non-users distributed across age groups and socioeconomic backgrounds. A thematic analysis is conducted based on a novel extension of Wyatt’s framework and the risk-benefits framework. This is supplemented by open coding to allow for emerging themes.

Findings

This paper provides empirical insights into a formerly uninvestigated population of non-users who are prevented from using social media because of social engagement (rather than functional) barriers. It identifies how these individuals face social consequences both on and off social media, resulting in social disenfranchisement.

Research limitations/implications

This is an initial exploration of the phenomenon using an interview study. For generalizability, future research should investigate non-use with a broader and random sample.

Practical implications

This paper includes design recommendations and implications for social media platform designers to mitigate the consequences experienced by socially disenfranchised non-users.

Social implications

Addressing concerns of this newly identified class of non-users is of utmost importance. As others are increasingly connected, these non-users are left behind and even ostracized – showing the dark sides of social media use and non-use.

Originality/value

This work identifies types of non-use of social media previously unrecognized in the literature.
Exploring the impact of intellectual capital on company reputation and performance
Authors: Ginesti Gianluca , Caldarelli Adele , Zampella Annamaria
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of intellectual capital (IC) on the reputation and performance of Italian companies.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper exploits a unique data set of 452 non-listed companies that obtained a reputational assessment from the Italian Competition Authority (ICA). To test the hypotheses, this study implemented several regression analyses.

Findings

Results support the argument that human capital efficiency is a key driver of corporate reputation. Findings also reveal that companies, which obtained reputational rating under ICA scrutiny, show a positive relationship between IC elements and various measures of financial performance.

Research limitations/implications

The study focuses on a single country; it is not free from the imprecisions of Pulic’s VAIC model.

Practical implications

This paper recommends companies that are interested to achieve a robust reputation should consider the human capital as a strategic intangible asset. Second, the results suggest that companies with an ICA reputational rating are able to leverage their intangibles to potentiate performance and competitiveness.

Originality/value

This is the first empirical investigation on the contribution of IC in generating value for corporate reputation. Additionally, the study contributes to the literature on the link between IC and performance by examining a sample of firms not yet explored in prior research.
Analysing and evaluating integrated reporting
Authors: Liu Zihan , Jubb Christine , Abhayawansa Subhash
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The integrated reports published by companies vary significantly in quality in spite of them claiming to be compliant with the integrated reporting (IR) Framework issued by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC). The purpose of this paper is to develop and apply a normative benchmark against which compliance with the IR Framework, and the extent to which integrated reports make visible how organisations create value, can be evaluated.

Design/methodology/approach

The three pillars of the IR Framework – Capitals, Content Elements and the Guiding Principles – are operationalised by the way of a set of disclosure items that capture the extent to which they manifest within integrated reports. The created disclosure index is applied to analyse reports of five companies that are expected to be superior integrated reporters.

Findings

The normative benchmark that was created to operationalise the IR Framework identifies a vast amount of potentially communicable information and various degrees to which information may be disclosed. The integrated reports analysed differ significantly in the extent to which value-creation stories are made visible, despite some of the companies promoting to have actively engaged with IR as participants of the IIRC Pilot Program Business Network. All selected companies performed poorly in comparison to the normative benchmark.

Originality/value

This paper is the first to provide a comprehensive normative benchmark for analysing and evaluating compliance with the IR Framework and the extent to which integrated reports make visible how organisations create value.
Does the historical and institutional re-construction of Ghana support the transfer of HRM practices?
Authors: Ayentimi Desmond Tutu , Burgess John , Dayaram Kantha
Published: August 2018

Purpose

This study aims to investigate whether the historical and institutional re-construction of Ghana support the transfer of human resource management (HRM) practices and if so, what local conditions support such transfer?

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws from an exploratory qualitative study design by assimilating history, culture and institutions (social institutionalist perspective) to explore host-country factors and conditions supporting the transfer of HRM practices in a developing country context.

Findings

The study finds the colonial history, and the political and economic interests of Ghana to mimic best HRM policies and practices from its colonial masters and other advanced economies provided strong institutional support for the transfer of HRM practices.

Research limitations/implications

This paper complements the understanding of HRM practice transfer literature by highlighting the significance of host-country historical and institutional re-construction support in developing economies as key drivers for the diffusion of HRM practices.

Practical implications

By incorporating institutions, history and culture to form the underpinning social context, it offers a new perspective into how historical, cultural and colonial institutional legacies as entrenched social instruments facilitate HRM practice transfer in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Originality/value

The integration of institutions, history and culture (social institutionalist perspective) provide a wider understanding of factors that denote the effect of Ghanaian contextual distinctiveness as against the continued colonial institutional legacies (inheritance) supporting the transfer of HRM practices. This is the first study to consider how local institutions, culture and history of Ghana support the transfer of HRM practices to subsidiaries.
Leader’s integrity and employee silence in healthcare organizations
Authors: Erkutlu Hakan , Chafra Jamel
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Drawing on the social exchange theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between a leader’s behavioral integrity and employee acquiescent silence. Specifically, the authors take a relational approach by introducing employee’s relational identification as the mediator. The moderating role of employee political skill, in the relationship between behavioral integrity and employee acquiescent silence, is also considered.

Design/methodology/approach

The data of this study encompass 913 front-line nurses from 13 university hospitals in Turkey. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the proposed model.

Findings

The results of this study support the negative effect of behavioral integrity on employee’s acquiescent silence, as well as the mediating effect of employee’s relational identification. Moreover, when the level of employee political skill is low, the relationship between behavioral integrity and acquiescent silence is strong, whereas the effect is weak when the level of political skill is high.

Practical implications

The findings of this study suggest that healthcare administrators’ words and deeds should be consistent while interacting with their subordinates, as it leads to positive interpersonal relationship, which, in turn, lowers employee silence. Moreover, healthcare administrators should pay more attention to the buffering role of employee political skill for those subordinates with low relational identification and higher workplace silence.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature on workplace silence by revealing the relational mechanism between behavioral integrity and employee silence. This paper also offers a practical assistance to employees in the healthcare industry and their administrators interested in building trust and high-quality manager–employee relationship, as well as lowering workplace silence.
Factors driving continued use of online health promotion competitions
Authors: Song Xiaolong , Liu Yi-Hung , Jin Jiahua , Zhao Jianguo
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Gamification elements have been increasingly used in online weight-loss communities to help users lose weight. The purpose of this paper is to systemically examine whether and how social interactions influence users’ continued participation in the context of online weight-loss competitions (OWCs).

Design/methodology/approach

This study empirically investigated sustained involvement in OWCs using a Cox proportional hazards model. Additionally, the research utilized a text-mining technique to identify various types of social support and explored their roles in sustaining participation behavior in OWCs.

Findings

Community response both within and outside OWCs positively influence users’ continued participation in OWCs. Moreover, whereas emotional support and companionship received within OWCs have a greater impact on users’ continued participation than informational support received within OWCs, informational support received outside OWCs has a greater impact on users’ continued participation than emotional support and companionship received outside OWCs.

Originality/value

This paper highlights users’ social needs in OWC engagement and provides empirical evidence on how different types and sources of social support influence continued participation behavior in OWCs. The research additionally provides management implications for online health community service providers.
Executive compensation and firm risk: an examination across industries
Authors: Abrokwah Stephen , Hanig Justin , Schaffer Marc
Published: August 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the impact of executive compensation on firm risk-taking behavior, measured by the volatility of stock price returns. Specifically, this analysis explores three hypotheses. First, the impact of short-term and long-term executive compensation packages on firm risk is analyzed to assess whether the packages incentivize risk-taking behavior. Second, the authors test how these compensation and risk relationships were impacted by the financial crisis. Third, they expand the analysis to see if the relationship varies across different industries.

Design/methodology/approach

The econometric approach used to examine the executive compensation and firm risk relationship takes the form of two different panel model specifications. The first model is a pooled model using the panel data of executive compensation, the firm-level control variables and volatility of stock market returns. The second model highlights the differences in the relationship between executive compensation and riskiness of firm behavior across industries.

Findings

The authors find a significant and robust relationship, showing that during the post-financial crisis period firms tended to use long-term compensation shares to reduce firm risk. They also find that the relationship between various compensation components and firm risk varies across industries. Specifically, the bonus share of compensation negatively impacted firm risk in the financial services industry, while it positively impacted risk in the transportation, communication, gas, electric and services sectors. Additionally, long-term compensation share exhibits an inverse relationship with firm risk in the financial services, manufacturing and trade industries.

Originality/value

The conclusions of this paper suggest that there is indeed a relationship between executive compensation and firm risk across industries. There was a notable change in the relationship however between firm risk and long-term compensation following the financial crisis, where firms used long-term compensation to reduce firm riskiness. In other words, the financial crisis changed the nature of this relationship across S&P 1500 firms. The last key finding is that there exist differences in risk and compensation relationships across industries, and these differences across industries are highlighted across both bonus share and long-term incentive share variables. This is the first study to explore this relationship across industries.
A systematic investigation of absorptive capacity and external information search in groups
Authors: Curseu Petru Lucian , Pluut Helen
Published: August 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to test the influence of external information search (EIS) on knowledge elaboration and group cognitive complexity (GCC) under the moderating effect of absorptive capacity (AC is indicated by prior knowledge base and gender diversity).

Design/methodology/approach

The results of three studies (one field study and two experimental studies) are reported. The first study tests the interaction between EIS and the two dimensions of AC on group knowledge elaboration in a sample of 65 organizational groups. In the second study, EIS was directly manipulated and the interaction with AC in a sample of 65 groups was tested. In the last experimental study, the AC of the boundary spanner (highest level of expertise versus lowest level of expertise) was manipulated and the effects of EIS in a sample of 37 groups were tested.

Findings

The first study reveals a significant interaction between EIS and prior knowledge base on knowledge elaboration and points toward a compensatory interplay of EIS and AC on GCC. The results of the second study indicate that EIS increases the time spent on task, as well as the efficiency of knowledge integration (GCC per unit of time). Furthermore, EIS has the strongest positive effect on GCC in groups in which at least one of the AC dimensions is average or high. The results of the last study show that the AC of the boundary spanner compensates for the lack of absorptive capacity of the group and also show that the cognitive distance between the boundary spanner and the rest of the group has a negative influence on the efficiency of knowledge integration in groups.

Research limitations/implications

The limitations of Study 1, common to non-experimental research (related to causality), are dealt with in the second and third studies that establish causality between EIS and GCC.

Practical implications

The paper has important implications for the management of information search effort in organizational groups, in particular the groups are advised to: engage in EIS to increase their cognitive repertoire and cognitive complexity, delegate, when possible, their most competent members to engage in boundary spanning activities as they will maximize the cognitive benefits of EIS and finally minimize the cognitive dissimilarity between the boundary spanner and the rest of the group to facilitate the effective integration of novel insights into the group cognition.

Originality/value

This study is among the first empirical attempts to uncover the causal effect of EIS on knowledge elaboration and GCC in groups and to uncover the role of the boundary spanner in the EIS efforts.
(Un)contested evidence: scientific literature, systematic reviews and the politics of evidence in the introduction of HPV vaccines in Colombia
Authors: Maldonado Castañeda Oscar J.
Published: August 2018

This paper analyses the tensions between scientific literature and systematic reviews in the production of evidence in healthcare. Systematic reviews are devices developed – within evidence‐based medicine – to navigate the complexities of scientific literature promising a clear and simple account of the knowledge on a particular issue. However, in practice, systematic reviews have a more complex relation with literature. Systematic reviews are shaped according to the interest of the local groups that produce them. In this paper, I explore the formatting, making and managing of systematic reviews of evidence relating to HPV vaccines in Colombia. This case shows the ways in which systematic reviews mediate between the requirement of presenting the evidence that emerges from the international literature and the necessity of having data locally relevant.
Auctions with ex post uncertainty
Authors: Luo Yao , Perrigne Isabelle , Vuong Quang
Published: August 2018

Uncertainty about ex post realized values is an inherent component in many auction environments. In this article, we develop a structural framework to analyze auction data subject to ex post uncertainty as a pure risk. We consider a low‐price sealed‐bid auction model with heterogeneous bidders' preferences and ex post uncertainty. The uncertainty can be common to all bidders or idiosyncratic. We derive the model restrictions and study nonparametric and semiparametric identification of the model primitives under exogenous and endogenous participation. We then develop multistep nonparametric and semiparametric estimation procedures in both cases.
From focal pulmonary pure ground‐glass opacity nodule detected by low‐dose computed tomography into invasive lung adenocarcinoma: A growth pattern analysis in the elderly
Authors: Nie Xin , Li Lin , Huang Juan , Zhang Ping , Shi Hong , Cheng Gang , Zhang Yong‐Qiang
Published: August 2018

Background

Elderly patients are under‐represented in studies of pure ground‐glass opacity (pGGO) nodules; thus, this study analyzed the growth pattern and clinical outcomes of pGGO nodules in the elderly in order to help make treatment decisions.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed patients aged over 60 years with screening‐detected and pathologically confirmed growing focal pGGO nodules.

Results

During the study period, 858 subjects had undergone at least three low‐dose computed tomography scans in our center. Twenty patients were treated for growing focal pGGO nodules. The median age at detection was 66 years (range: 60–80). The median time to an increase of at least 2 mm was 348 days (range: 98–1527) and to develop a solid portion, 1141 days (range: 480–3010). Seven patients had surgery for increased nodule size, four had surgery immediately after the solid portion appeared, and nine were treated after a median follow‐up of 1153 days (range: 240–2342) since the solid portion developed. The median size of the solid component was 8 mm (2–13) before surgery. No recurrence was observed after a median follow‐up of 41 months. Pathology revealed adenocarcinoma in situ in five patients, and minimally invasive or invasive adenocarcinoma in the remainder. The appearance of a solid portion was significantly associated with invasive adenocarcinoma compared to increased size alone (100% vs. 44.4%; P = 0.005).

Conclusions

pGGO nodules had an indolent growth pattern and good prognosis in our patient sample, even after the appearance of a solid portion. Therefore, minimally invasive surgery after the development of a solid component may be an option for the elderly.
The association of hypotension during non‐cardiac surgery, before and after skin incision, with postoperative acute kidney injury: a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Maheshwari K. , Turan A. , Mao G. , Yang D. , Niazi A. K. , Agarwal D. , Sessler D. I. , Kurz A.
Published: August 2018

Intra‐operative hypotension is associated with acute postoperative kidney injury. It is unclear how much hypotension occurs before skin incision compared with after, or whether hypotension in these two periods is similarly associated with postoperative kidney injury. We analysed the association of mean arterial pressure < 65 mmHg with postoperative kidney injury in 42,825 patients who were anaesthetised for elective non‐cardiac surgery. Intra‐operative hypotension occurred in 30,423 (71%) patients: 22,569 (53%) patients before skin incision; and 24,102 (56%) patients after incision. Anaesthetised patients who were hypotensive had mean arterial pressures < 65 mmHg for a median (IQR [range]) of 5.5 (0.0–14.7 [0.0–60.0]) min.h−1 before skin incision, compared with 1.7 [0.3–5.1 [0.0–57.5]) min.h−1 after incision: a median (IQR [range]) of 36% (0%–84% [0%–100%]) of hypotensive readings were before incision. We diagnosed postoperative kidney injury in 2328 (5%) patients. The odds ratio (95%CI) for acute kidney injury was 1.05 (1.02–1.07) for each doubling of the duration of hypotension, p < 0.001. Postoperative kidney injury was associated with the product of hypotension duration and severity, that is, area under the curve, before skin incision and after, odds ratio (95%CI): 1.02 (1.01–1.04), p = 0.004; and 1.02 (1.00–1.04), p = 0.016, respectively. A substantial fraction of all hypotension happened before surgical incision and was thus completely due to anaesthetic management. We recommend that anaesthetists should avoid mean arterial pressure < 65 mmHg during surgery, especially after induction, assuming that its association with postoperative kidney injury is, at least in part, causal.