bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VISFATIN AS A BIOMARKER FOR EARLY DETECTION OF GESTATIONAL DIABETESE MELLITUS
Authors: Naz Raisa , Tauqeer Shazia , Shafiq Maria , Sammar Kinza , Iftikhar Faisal , Nazir Aamir , Ayub Muhammad
Published: July 2024

Background: The increased levels of visfatin in response to slowly developing resistance to insulin and impairment of glucose metabolism in human body is a well-documented process, beginning early in with uncontrolled diabetes and obesity The objective of present study was to determine the difference between levels of visfatin in the gestational diabetes mellitus cases and pregnancies with normal OGTT. Methods: It was a case control study conducted in Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad. Twenty-eight (n=28) diagnosed cases of gestational diabetes mellitus at various gestational ages (ranging from 11 weeks to 33weeks of pregnancy) were included in the Group I and their levels were compared with non-diabetic normal antenatal cases, Group II (n=32). Blood samples were collected for blood glucose and visfatin levels. Visfatin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA). Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS-20, and p<0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Pregnant women (n=60) of different gestational age ranging from 4–36 weeks of pregnancy when subdivided into three categories (4–12 weeks, 13–24 weeks, 24–36 weeks respectively), showed statistically significant (p=0.003) differences of serum visfatin levels (10.11±2.982, 1.01±2.634, 1.17±3.102 ng/ml respectively). There were no significant differences in mean value of serum visfatin (p=0.763) according to parity of the patients (0.16±2.892, 0.19±2.883, 1.01±2.736 respectively) in the three trimesters of pregnancy. Conclusion: Visfatin levels were significantly raised in gestational diabetes mellitus as early as first trimester of pregnancy. Increased levels of visfatin can be used as a novel biomarker for early detection of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Pak J Physiol 2021;17(4):11?4
ASSOCIATION OF Nrf2 GENE POLYMORPHISM WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME —A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
Authors: Maqsood Jaweria , Rahim Amena , Afzal Muhammad , Bajwa Muhammad Imran , Karim Bilal , Hashmi Tayba Saleh
Published: July 2024

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is considered as one of the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Exact cause of PCOS is still unknown. However, evidence for genetic basis has been reported. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants have been documented as key factors involved in ovarian physiological metabolism. Nrf2 is a key transcription factor that regulates the expression of antioxidant proteins, therefore provides protection against oxidative stress. Objective of this study was to find the association of Nrf2 (rs6721961) gene polymorphism with pathogenesis of PCOS among Pakistani population. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in Pakistan Railway Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Oct 2020 to Sep 2021. The study included 200 PCOS patients diagnosed according to Rotterdam diagnostic criteria and 200 healthy controls. Blood samples of all participants were collected and DNA was extracted by Chelex Method. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to find respective allelic frequencies of Nrf2 (rs6721961) genotype using specific primers. Results: The frequency of CC, CA and AA genotypes of rs6721961 polymorphism of Nrf2 gene were 72.5%, 27.5%, 0% in controls and 56.5%, 39.5%, 4% in cases. Significant association of CA genotype of Nrf2 gene polymorphism (rs6721961) and allele A were found with PCOS (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.35–0.82, p=0.004), (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.42–0.89, p=0.01) respectively. This is the first study to find out association of polymorphism in Nrf2 gene (6721961) with PCOS in any population. Conclusion: Nrf2 gene polymorphism (rs6721956) is significantly associated with PCOS among Pakistani population.
Pak J Physiol 2022;18(3):15?8
TREATMENT IN PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS: CHOICE AND DETERMINANTS OF RESPONSE
Authors: Aqiq Lubna , Hassan Javaid , Khan Masood Ahmad , Ali Mohsin
Published: July 2024

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is the second most common inflammatory arthropathy after rheumatoid arthritis in early arthritis clinics. PsA presents as a symmetrical polyarthritis, like rheumatoid arthritis or an asymmetrical oligo-arthritis, with a predilection for the distal interphalangeal joints. Spinal involvement is like ankylosing spondylitis. Joint damage occurs early in up to 50% of PsA patients and has an 11% annual erosion rate in the first 2 years of the disease. There have been significant advances in understanding of PsA pathogenesis in recent years in the areas of genetics and molecular biology implicating both innate and adaptive immune systems. This has led to the introduction of evidence-based targeted therapy, primarily with tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) agents. Therapy with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, such as methotrexate and leflunomide, remains the first-choice therapeutic intervention, even though there are few randomized controlled trials with these agents. In contrast, several successful studies of TNFi agents demonstrate excellent efficacy, in combination with methotrexate, and several novel agents are currently in development for the treatment of PsA. Before the introduction of targeted biologic medications, such as TNF inhibitors, the capacity to control disease activity was limited, with only modest effects noted in most patients with traditional oral medications such as methotrexate and sulfasalazine.
Pak J Physiol 2022;18(4):31–4
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN WATER INTAKE AND ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY AMONG A SAMPLE POPULATION OF PAKISTANI DENTAL STUDENTS
Authors: Ehsan Fatima , Asim Maleha , Zainab Abeerah , Ahsan Hina
Published: July 2024

Background: Role of water is well known as an essential nutrient in human health. Lifestyle medicine researches have shown high prevalence of inadequate hydration habits globally. In this study, the relationship of daily water intake with anthropometric measurements in young adults of a particular geographical location were observed. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 259 undergraduate students of Islamic International Dental College (IIDC), from September 2021 to February 2022. To assess daily water intake, an online questionaire was filled, whereas anthropometric measurements were done according to the recommendations of the International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment. Associations of Body Mass Index (BMI) with Waist Circumference (WC), Waist/Hip Ratio (WHR), Abdominal Circumference (AC), and Daily Water Intake (DWI) were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. One-way ANOVA was also used to determine the relationship of DWI with BMI, WC, AC and WHR, and considered significant at p?0.05. Results: One-way ANOVA analysis showed statistically significant differences in the mean values of BMI (F=6.0, p=0.001) and WC (F=7.5, p<0.001) and no significant difference was found in the mean value of WHR (F=2.0, p=0.10) between the different DWI groups. Post hoc Tukey’s test followed by ANOVA revealed that BMI, WC, and WHR were statistically lower among students having adequate daily water intake (21.0±3.8 Kg/m2, p=0.001; 79.2±9.7 Cm, p<0.001; and 0.78±0.04, p=0.013 respectively). Conclusion: Significant association was found between adequate daily water intake and lower values of BMI, WC and WHR.
Pak J Physiol 2022;18(4):14?7
VITAMIN D SCREENING BEFORE FERTILITY TREATMENT PLANS: PILOT STUDY IN PCOS AND NON-PCOS INFERTILE WOMEN
Authors: Azhar Arfa , Javaid Mahnoor , Ashraf Mussarat , Nasir Mohammad Bin , Rehman Rehana
Published: July 2024

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and hypovitaminosis D are two most common endocrine disorders in young women leading to many adverse metabolic consequences. Objective of this study was to compare Vitamin D (VD) levels, Body Mass Index (BMI), lipid profile, hormonal parameters, and oocytes in PCOS and non-PCOS infertile females and to explore any association of VD levels with these parameters. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2019 to June 2020 after ethical approval at Aga Khan University in collaboration with Australian Concept of Infertility Medical Centre (ACIMC). It was conducted on 88 infertile females with age range 25–45 years recruited for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). Subjects were divided into two groups; PCOS (n=37) and non-PCOS (n=51) based on diagnostic criteria of PCOS. Serum VD was analyzed using ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS-20. Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman’s rank correlation were applied. Results: The mean BMI was significantly higher among PCOS as compared to non-PCOS women (p<0.001). There were statistically significant differences in total cholesterol, triglycerides, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL-C), and Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) among groups (p<0.05). There was significant correlation of vitamin D with maturity of oocytes (r=0.836, p<0.0001). Conclusion: The findings indicated that PCOs women were obese, had abnormal lipid profile with low VD levels. Low levels of VD were associated with poor maturity of oocytes which is required for successful conception.
Pak J Pysiol 2023;19(2):15–9
RELATIONSHIP OF SLEEP QUALITY WITH MENTAL WELL-BEING AND ACADEMIC PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: Hassan Hamid , Muzammil Muhammad , Malik Muhammad Talal , Karim Muhammad Ahmad , Lodhi Marwah Asif , Jamil Umar
Published: July 2024

Background: Better sleep quality is associated with better mental health. This study aimed to link sleep quality of medical students with their psychiatric health and academic performance. Methods: Sleep quality of 104 medical students (52 each from 1st and 5th year of MBBS with equal gender distribution) was measured on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) while Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) along with Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) was used to assess their psychiatric health, both of which were later correlated with their academic scores. Results: Sleep quality of 1st year medical students was significantly better as compared to their final year counterparts (p=0.001) and (p=0.000) respectively which affected indices of psychiatric health in such a way that 1st year medical students scored significantly lower on scales of depression as well as anxiety as compared to final year medical students (p=0.001), (p=0.000) and (p=0.001, p=0.000). Within 1st and final year (male and female) medical students, sleep quality had a strong positive correlation with scores of depression and anxiety (r=0.547, p=0.004), (r=0.587, p=0.002), (r=0.66, p=0.000) ,(r=0.490, p=0.011) and (r=0.518, p=0.007), (r=0.527, p=0.006), (r=0.541, p=0.004), (r=0.596, p=0.001) respectively, which in turn had a negative correlation with academic performance of theirs (r=-0.400, p=0.043), (r=-0.614, p=0.001) and (r=-0.550, p=0.004), (r=-0.573, p=0.002) respectively. Conclusion:  Medical students with poor sleep quality, harbour higher degrees of depression and anxiety and perform poorly on academic front as compared to those with better sleep quality.
Pak J Physiol 2023;19(3):15–9
POTENTIAL RESTORATION OF FATTY LIVER ENZYMES WITH STEVIA REBAUDIANA
Authors: Mubarak Sadia , Faruqi Amna , Qureshi Saima Latif , Zafar Tooba , Mughal Irfan Afzal , Irfan Asma
Published: July 2024

Background: Obesity is a prevalent issue affecting a growing number of individuals globally. It is a systemic disorder with complications and co-morbidities. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disastrous outcome of metabolic syndrome induced by obesity. Objective of this study was to find the effect of Stevia leaves in restoration of liver function tests (ALT, AST, ALP, and Bilirubin) in obese Sprague Dawley rats. Methods: This animal experimental study was carried out in the Physiology Department, in collaboration with the Pathology Department of Islamabad Medical and Dental College, and National Institute of Health, Islamabad on 90 healthy male Sprague Dawley rats over a period of 14 weeks. The animals were divided randomly into three groups of 30 rats each. Group 1 was given normal diet while Groups 2 and Group 3 were given high fat diet. Stevia leaves were further added for six weeks in the diet of Group 3. Results: High fat diet induced NAFLD in rats was ameliorated significantly on treatment with stevia. On comparison of liver function tests in obese control with stevia treated group, the values of ALT and AST were significantly decreased (p<0.05). However, ALP and bilirubin were not decreased significantly. Conclusion: Stevia rebaudiana exerts hepatoprotective effect in restoring liver damage due to high fat diet induced NAFLD in Sprague Dawley rats.
Pak J Physiol 2024;20(1):22-5
FREQUENCY OF TYPE-II RESPIRATORY FAILURE IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: Dildar Jalal , Munir Hamza , Ullah Aman , Khan Asimullah , Aitazaz Fauzia , Ali Mohsin
Published: July 2024

Background: In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients the alveoli do not ventilate fully due to bronchial obstruction. This leads to the incomplete ventilation, incomplete clearance of carbon dioxide causing hypercapnia. There are some muscular abnormalities also in COPD patients. All these pathogeneses lead to type 2 (hypercapnic) respiratory failure. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of type II respiratory failure in patients with COPD. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Medicine, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from 21st Aug 2021 to 20th Feb 2022. A total of 129 patients with COPD were enrolled. COPD was diagnosed based on clinical findings and confirmation with spirometry showing FEV1/FVC less than 70% of predicted. Confirmation of type II respiratory failure was done by Arterial-blood gas (ABG) test on heparinized arterial blood sample analysis showing hypercapnia (Paco2 ?45 mmHg). Results: Type II respiratory failure was observed in 31 patients (24%); 19 (22.9%) patients with type respiratory failure had age more than 55 years. Eight (36.4%) patients with type II respiratory failure had GOLD stage 4 COPD. Age of the patients ranged from 40 to 65 years with mean age 53.410±9.362 years. Male to female ratio was 2.4:1. Conclusion: Type 2 respiratory failure is more prevalent in elder patients above 55 years of age, and is more common among males. The severity of COPD does not appear to have a direct relationship with the occurrence of type 2 respiratory failure.
Pak J Physiol 2024;20(1):33-6
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF ULTRASOUND IN DETECTING PERICHOLECYSTIC ADHESIONS IN CHOLELITHIASIS PATIENTS KEEPING PER-OPERATIVE FINDINGS AS THE GOLD STANDARD
Authors: Khan Rimsha , Anwar Sarah , Mehmood Sadia
Published: July 2024

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a standard technique for surgical management of cholelithiasis. Dense pericholecystic adhesions pose a primary challenge during the procedure, underscoring the importance of their pre-surgical detection. While ultrasonography remains the gold standard tool for diagnosing cholelithiasis, there is limited data available regarding its diagnostic accuracy in detecting pericholecystic adhesions. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic precision of ultrasound in identifying pericholecystic adhesions. Methods: This study was carried out in the Radiology Department of DHQ Hospital, Narowal, spanning from Jul 2023, to Mar 2024. With a sample size of 138, all patients enrolled in the study underwent fasting abdominal ultrasound to identify the sonographic features of pericholecystic adhesions, including pericholecystic stranding, pericholecystic fluid/exudates, contracted gallbladder lumen, and loss of gall bladder wall/hepatic parenchyma interface. Operative findings were gathered from the Surgery Department for subsequent analysis. Results: Out of the total 138 patients, 53 (38.4%) patients were true positive, 16 (11.6%) were false positive, 49 (35.5%) were true negative and 20 (14.5%) were false negative. Ultrasonography had 72.6% sensitivity, 75.3% specificity, 76.8% positive predictive value, 71.0% negative predictive value, and 73.9% diagnostic accuracy in preoperative prediction of pericholecystic adhesions. Conclusions: Ultrasound remains an accessible and cost-effective imaging tool for identifying pericholecystic adhesions in patients with cholelithiasis. It is a valuable and reliable tool in aiding the selection of most suitable operative technique for cholecystectomy.
Pak J Physiol 2024;20(2):27-30
Analisis Kompetensi Kepribadian Seorang Guru Bahasa Inggris Sekolah Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri
Authors: Julaika Siti , Hasanah Nur , Mawaddah Durrah , Sari Khoiriya , Situmorang Jauharah Jilan
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kompetensi kepribadian guru Bahasa Inggris di salah satu MTsN di Medan. Menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan narasi dari satu guru Bahasa Inggris dan lima siswa SMP. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa guru dengan kepribadian mantap, stabil, dewasa, arif, dan berwibawa mampu menciptakan atmosfer belajar kondusif dan menangani konflik bijaksana. Guru beretos kerja tinggi dan bangga akan profesinya menginspirasi sikap positif siswa terhadap pembelajaran. Kompetensi kepribadian juga mencakup kemampuan menjunjung kode etik profesi dan refleksi diri untuk perbaikan berkelanjutan. Penelitian menyimpulkan pentingnya peningkatan kualitas kepribadian guru guna mendukung proses pembelajaran yang lebih efektif. Temuan ini menekankan peran krusial kompetensi kepribadian dalam menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang optimal dan mendorong pengembangan profesional guru secara berkelanjutan.
Impacto de la pandemia del COVID-19 en los docentes de las IES de Conares, El Salvador
Authors: Reynaldo Maynor Guillermo
Published: July 2024

La pandemia del COVID-19 forzó un cambio en la vida de todas las personas a nivel mundial. El presente estudio trata sobre el impacto que la pandemia tuvo en el sector docente de las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) miembros del Consejo Nacional de Rectores de El Salvador (CONARES): qué tan bien preparadas tecnológicamente estaban, cuáles fueron los desafíos a los que estuvo expuesto el sector docente, así como qué significó el cambio repentino hacia clases en modalidad no presencial con los recursos tecnológicos que se contaba y la formación con que contaban.
Innovación para la gestión pública a participar de las consideraciones de los ODS 4,8 y 17 en el contexto Centroamericano
Authors: Llamas Álvarez Dennis Eduardo , Llamas Álvarez Patricia Linnette , Llamas Álvarez Ludwig Antonio
Published: July 2024

A partir del contenido del objetivo, en cuanto a metas e indicadores correspondientes a la temática de educación ODS 4, se presenta una mirada global en el contexto centroamericano relativa a las consideraciones de la función pública en el ecosistema educativo. Al respecto, se utilizan las categorías provenientes del aseguramiento del acceso a la educación conforme a los niveles de los Sistemas Educativos Nacionales (primario y secundario) y la facilitación de las condiciones para la concreción del nivel universitario de formación técnico-profesional, como de la vinculación respecto de la dinámica del empleo, el emprendimiento y el trabajo conforme a las diversas actividades económicas de la región. Mediante una valoración de las particularidades de la diversidad poblacional, se realiza una aproximación de características sociodemográficas que incluyen apreciaciones basadas en la categorización de género, derechos humanos y las apreciaciones del desarrollo sostenible.
Génesis de las sociedades civiles en Centroamérica (Nicaragua, El Salvador, 1990-2000)
Authors: Moalic Benjamín
Published: July 2024

Entre los 17 ODS listados por las Naciones Unidas, es importante notar que ninguno se enfoca explícitamente en fortalecer las sociedades civiles y sus organizaciones. La constatación es aún más sorprendente que, en algunas regiones como Centroamérica, las sociedades civiles han sido el objeto de conflictos intensos con los gobiernos en el poder. ¿Cómo entender estas tensionesentre el Estado y las sociedades civiles del istmo? ¿De dónde viene esta competencia y que nos dicen de la cultura política de la región? Este conflicto es sin duda el resultado histórico de una competencia entre “colegas enemigos” que circulan entre el Estado, los partidos políticos y las OSC, adoptando alternativamente posiciones de challengers y de insiders que pretenden, o entraren el juego político, o frenar la llegada de nuevos competidores.
Mastering Balance: A Systematic Review on The Effectiveness of Enhancing Balance Skills Through Balance Board
Authors: Verma Tushar , Jain Neha , Meena S K , Naruka Komal
Published: July 2024

A systematic review on tactile sensitivity through the use of a tactile balance board holds significant implications for both research and practical applications in various fields. Tactile sensitivity, the ability to process and respond to tactile stimuli, is a crucial aspect of sensory processing that influences motor skills, spatial awareness, and overall well-being. This review serves as a comprehensive synthesis of existing literature, providing a nuanced understanding of the current state of research on tactile balance boards and their impact on tactile sensitivity. By systematically analysing and summarizing findings from multiple studies, it aims to identify patterns, trends and gaps in knowledge. This process enables researchers and practitioners to build upon existing evidence, fostering a more informed approach to further investigations. In the realm of research, the systematic review can serve as a foundational resource for scholars and scientists interested in the intersection of tactile sensitivity and balance board interventions. It allows them to identify areas where further exploration is needed, encouraging the development of targeted research questions and methodologies. Additionally, the review may highlight inconsistencies or variations in existing studies, prompting researchers to address these discrepancies in future investigations. Practically, the findings of this systematic review can have direct implications for professionals in fields such as rehabilitation, occupational therapy and neurology. Understanding the impact of tactile balance board interventions on tactile sensitivity can guide the development of evidence-based practices aimed at improving sensory processing and motor skills in individuals with sensory challenges. This, in turn, may enhance therapeutic interventions and contribute to the design of tailored rehabilitation programs. Furthermore, the review may inform educators and practitioners working with populations that commonly experience tactile sensitivity issues, such as individuals with autism spectrum disorders or sensory processing disorders. Insights from this synthesis of literature can be translated into practical strategies for the design of sensory-friendly environments and the implementation of interventions that incorporate tactile balance boards.
transformative potential of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in business
Authors: Cano-Marin Enrique
Published: July 2024

Objective:This study investigates the transformative potential of Generative Artificial Intelligence(GenAI) within the business domain and the entrepreneurial activity.Methodology:A comprehensive research design is adopted, integrating text-mining techniques to analysedata obtained from publicly available innovation repositories. A systematic literaturereview (SLR) is developed based on the literature obtained from all databases indexedin Web of Science (WoS), incorporating preprints from arXiv, alongside industry-relatedinnovation data in the form of patents from Google Patents. This method enables the derivationof valuable insights regarding the impact and prospective developments of GenAIacross diverse business sectors and industries by leveraging Natural Language Processing(NLP) and network analysis.Results:The research outcomes highlight the significant potential of GenAI in enabling informeddecision-making, enhancing productivity, and revealing new growth opportunities inthe business landscape. The continuously evolving business environment is examined,emphasising GenAI's role as a catalyst for data-driven innovation. However, there are stillrelevant limitations to overcome.Limitations:The selection of data sources and the study period may have excluded relevant or recentlypublished articles and patents within the scope of the present research. The language ofthe databases analysed is only English.Practical Implications:The practical implications of this study carry significant weight, serving as a valuableresource for decision-makers, researchers, and practitioners navigating the constantlyshifting terrain of business innovation through the lens of GenAI. Understanding thepotential advantages and challenges associated with GenAI adoption equips stakeholdersto make informed decisions and develop future business strategies.
Evolución y evaluación del marco normativo de la ordenación del territorio de Andalucía en relación con las ciudades medias y pequeñas (1983-2023)
Authors: Rodríguez Escudero Álvaro Daniel
Published: July 2024

Las ciudades medias y pequeñas han sido claves en la configuración y desarrollo de la ordenación del territorio en Andalucía desde su constitución como comunidad autónoma. Recientemente, coincidiendo con el cambio de color de la administración regional tras décadas de gobiernos progresistas, la política planificadora andaluza ha entrado en un proceso de transformación que está modificando sus bases y estructuras, en cuyos inicios la Propuesta de Comarcalización de Andalucía de 1983 fue uno de los hitos principales. Desde entonces, las ciudades medias y pequeñas, en virtud de sus capacidades de intermediación y articulación territorial, han sido las protagonistas de un extenso corpus legislativo que, aun con los cambios que se están produciendo, mantiene en estos sistemas urbanos uno de sus pilares fundamentales. Realizada una revisión de los documentos, leyes e instrumentos que han regido la ordenación del territorio en Andalucía en los últimos cuarenta años, se pone de manifiesto cómo las ciudades medias y pequeñas, indudable elemento identitario de la región, han ocupado un papel trascendental en la organización y desarrollo de la política planificadora y lo seguirán haciendo en el futuro, en medio de unas dinámicas urbanas y socioespaciales de las que estas forman una parte indispensable.
Evaluation of Lakadong turmeric derived curcumin nanogel against resistant biofilms: In-silico, antibacterial and antibiofilm analysis
Authors: Sarma Sanjib Kumar , Dutta Uloopi , Das Bhrigu Kumar , Bharali Alakesh , Laloo Damiki , Kalita Jun Moni , Sahu Bhanu P.
Published: July 2024

The emergence of drug resistance can lead to increased mortality and morbidity as treatment efficacy declines, and there is an urgent need to explore novel antibacterial compounds with enhanced effectiveness against drug-resistant bacteria, particularly resistant biofilms. Curcumin, with its antimicrobial activity, can be a potential safe agent; however, studies on its efficacy against resistant biofilm are limited. This study, therefore, aims to explore the potential of curcumin and/or its novel derivatives against a spectrum of resistant biofilm-related pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and human pathogens. Another study objective is to investigate the effectiveness of the high-yielding Lakadong turmeric (LKD)-derived curcumin for its antibacterial effects and the ability to inhibit biofilm formation in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using in-vitro assays. A molecular docking study was used to select the most potential binding interaction between the selected protein structure and ligand molecule for the potential efficacy of curcumin against resistant biofilms. Lakadong-derived curcumin-loaded nano gels (LKD-Cur Nanogel) were prepared and tested for antibacterial (zone-inhibition) and biofilm formation (scanning confocal microscope) activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, Curcumin derivatives were studied in-silico for potential effectiveness against a spectrum of resistant biofilms. The in-silico results showed that curcumin and/or its novel derivatives exhibited high selectivity toward a range of targeted proteins compared to curcumin. Moreover, LKD-Cur Nanogel exhibited significant anti-bacterial activity with an increased mean zone of inhibition compared to positive control. The biofilm formation assay illustrated that LKD-Cur Nanogel effectively disrupted established bacterial biofilms (both for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus) grown on microtiter plates at a concentration of 1,000 μg/ml compared to the control. Therefore, it can be concluded that curcumin and/or its newly modified derivatives could hold promising antibacterial activity targeting diverse biofilm-associated pathogens based on the in-silico and in-vitro study. Moreover, it can be concluded that LKD-derived curcumin nanogels have good antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy.
How Teachers Feel Good: The Role of Teachers’ Mindfulness, Self-efficacy and Implicit Attitudes towards Ethnic Minority Students in Their Feelings of Burnout
Authors: Costa Sara , Glock Sabine , Pirchio Sabine
Published: July 2024

COME GLI INSEGNANTI SI SENTONO BENE: IL RUOLO DELLA MINDFULNESS, DELL’AUTOEFFICACIA E DEGLI ATTEGGIAMENTI IMPLICITI DEGLI INSEGNANTI VERSO GLI STUDENTI CON BACKGROUND ETNICO MINORITARIO, NELLA LORO SENSAZIONE DI BURNOUT Abstract Burnout is a complex syndrome, and decades of research have established that teaching is a stressful profession. New evidence suggests that teachers’ ethnic prejudice and attitudes might help to explain teachers’ burnout related to ethnic diversity. On the other hand, factors such as self-efficacy and mindfulness are known to play a protective role for burnout, but to date it is not known how they are related to implicit attitudes and prejudice as well. In this study, we aim to provide a deeper understanding of the mechanism underlying the development of burnout in teachers and pre-service teachers, investigating the role of ethnic prejudice, implicit ethnic attitudes, perceived self-efficacy and mindfulness. Our results show that self-efficacy and mindfulness are negatively correlated with teacher burnout and that mindfulness moderates the relationship between implicit ethnic attitudes and burnout. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Il «Robotics Interest Questionnaire» (RIQ): uno strumento per rilevare i fattori sottesi all’insegnamento della robotica
Authors: Marras Arianna , Bonaiuti Giovanni , Agus Mirian
Published: July 2024

THE «ROBOTICS INTEREST QUESTIONNAIRE» (RIQ): A TOOL TO DETECT FACTORS UNDERLYING ROBOTICS TEACHING Abstract The growing interest of the scientific and educational community in Educational Robotics (ER) is linked to the need to develop digital skills and computational thinking in the younger generation. Through ER it is possible to train multiple cognitive skills and not only programming skills. To this end, it is decisive to outline a new competence profile for teachers that can influence this aspect by activating ER training courses. The paper presents the «Robotics Interest Questionnaire» (RIQ), a validated questionnaire in Italian able to measure with some precision the factors involved in teaching robotics, and discusses the data collected on teachers of all levels (823 teachers). The results provide normative values useful, for example, to allow the diagnostic use of the RIQ in the startup phase of teacher training, in order to hypothesize the level possessed by the participants and orientate the didactic design and the content-methodological choices of the intervention, as well as the final evaluation of the training outcomes thanks to its ability to highlight, when used before and after, improvements in the dimensions investigated: knowledge and interest, sense of self-efficacy, problem solving and collaboration.
Zastosowanie MaaS w zrównoważonej mobilności miejskiej na przykładzie wybranych rozwiązań europejskich i polskich
Authors: Łukasiewicz Agnieszka , Świtała Marcin , Kamińska Ewa , Regulska Katarzyna
Published: July 2024

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie przypadków wdrażania mobilności jako usługi (MaaS, ang. Mobility as a Service) w Finlandii, Szwecji, jak również w Polsce. Pierwsza część artykułu dotyczy rozumienia pojęcia MaaS oraz determinant rozwoju w transporcie miejskim. Pokazano również złożoność badanego zagadnienia, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem integracji interesariuszy różnego typu. W drugiej części usługę MaaS powiązano z koncepcją i celami zrównoważonego rozwoju. W opinii autorów artykułu, zorientowana na użytkownika oraz multimodalna usługa mobilnościowa może stanowić efektywną alternatywę (bądź też uzupełnienie) dla transportu prywatnego. Może również promować zrównoważone środki transportu i bardziej efektywne wykorzystanie sieci transportowych. Z tego względu usługa MaaS jest obecnie postrzegana jako narzędzie służące zmniejszeniu zatorów komunikacyjnych i negatywnego wpływu transportu na środowisko. Może także stać się częścią Planu Zrównoważonej Mobilności Miejskiej (SUMP, ang. Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan). Trzecia część artykułu ma charakter empiryczny i przedstawia zastosowanie MaaS w zrównoważonej mobilności miejskiej na dwóch przykładach europejskich, tj. Helsinek i Sztokholmu – miast będących liderami we wdrażaniu usługi MaaS. Ostatnia część artykułu, także empiryczna, przedstawia rozpoznanie autorów dotyczące implementacji MaaS w polskich miastach.
Investigations of resilient moduli of selected hydraulically bound mixtures (HBM) under cyclic load
Authors: Gajewska Beata , Gajewski Marcin , Kraszewski Cezary , Rafalski Leszek
Published: July 2024

This paper presents the results of resilient moduli tests carried out on selected hydraulically bound mixtures (HBM). Both static and dynamic loading procedures were used. In total, thirteen hydraulically bound mixtures designed for construction of road base and subgrade improvement were tested. The mixtures were composed of crushed granite, dolomite or recycled concrete mixed with a hydraulic road binder, cement and two types of fly ash. The specimens were subjected to cyclic loading with 0.248 s and 50 s load times. Moreover, the specimens were subjected to compressive and tensile strength tests. The tests showed that the load duration had no significant effect on the obtained resilient modulus. This resulted from good linear correlation between the values obtained with the two load times, namely 0.248 s and 50 s. Non-linear relationships were established between the values of compressive and tensile strength and the resilient modulus. Some differences were noted in the shape of curves drawn for the respective granular materials and binders. This indicates that some physical ingredients may have an impact on the above-mentioned relationships.
Comparative analysis of strains and durability of asphalt pavement of perpetual and standard type
Authors: Nagórski Roman , Błażejowski Krzysztof , Marczuk Katarzyna
Published: July 2024

This paper analyses the key strains and fatigue performance of the following types of road pavements using fatigue cracking and subgrade rutting as the evaluation criteria: conventional asphalt pavement and pavement structure with fatigue-resistant layer (as in perpetual pavement concept). Calculations were performed for two wheel speeds: 60 km/h and 5 km/h. The study included a comparison of results obtained for pavements differing in terms of material specifications and structure: reference model built of only elastic layers and two models built of viscoelastic asphalt layers and layers of aggregate cement-treated base (CTB) on soil subgrade. The determinations included strains, deformation and displacements (for which VEROAD software program was used) also the above-mentioned failure criteria determined using the Asphalt Institute equations. For predicting the fatigue life of pavement the lower asphalt layer was assumed to have the modulus value equal to the initial modulus calculated with Van der Poel equation and dynamic moduli calculated as sensitive or insensitive to the wheel speed respectively. The effect of the respective factors on the life of pavement in million standard axles (msa) was assessed, demonstrating that the calculations assuming elastic behaviour of all the pavement layers lead to overestimating the pavement life. Finally, it was found that the wheel speed had a significant effect on the strain and on the fatigue life of pavement.
Influence of calcareous fly ash on rheological properties of cement pastes and mortars
Authors: Gołaszewski Jacek , Kostrzanowska Aleksandra , Poniklewski Tomasz , Antonowicz Galina
Published: July 2024

The use of mineral additives allows modifying properties of concrete and results in substantial economic benefits. The research presents the influence of calcareous fly ash volume and degree of activation by grinding on the rheology of cement pastes and mortars. The rheological parameters of cement pastes and mortars were determined using a rheometer Viskomat NT. The results show that due to rheological properties of mixes calcareous fly ash (W) can be used as a cement component, however, after the activation and preferably in the multicomponent cement together with siliceous fly ash (V) or ground granulated blast furnace slag (S). Due to the workability, calcareous fly ash (as a type II additive) should be used after activation by grinding or by separation, preferably in an amount of not more than 20%.
Evaluation of impermeability of concrete containing calcareous fly ash in respect to environmental media
Authors: Gibas Karolina , Glinicki Michał A. , Nowowiejski Grzegorz
Published: July 2024

The paper presents the investigation of concrete resistance to penetration by liquid and gaseous environmental media. Calcareous fly ash obtained from Bełchatów Power Station was used as concrete additive. In the mix design a certain portion of binder (15% and 30%) was substituted with calcareous fly ash assuming the efficiency factors of 0.7 or 1.0. The tested parameters included the air permeability coefficient measured with Torrent method, the depth of water penetration under pressure and the coefficient of chloride ions migration measured with the rapid chloride migration test. It was established that the addition of calcareous fly ash resulted in the desired reduction of the value of a chloride migration coefficient while the effect on the permeability of water and air was similar to the effect it had on the compressive strength of concrete.
Admixtures effectiveness in mortars in the presence of calcareous fly ash
Authors: Gołaszewski Jacek , Kostrzanowska Aleksandra , Miera Patrycja , Drewniok Michał , Cygan Grzegorz , Deszcz Joanna
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a study on the influence of various admixtures (SP, PL, AE, R, ACC) on rheological properties, air content, setting time and heat of hydration of mortars with the addition of calcareous fly ash. Rheological parameters of mortars were determined using a rheometer Viskomat NT. The content of air in the mortar was determined using pressure method according to PN-EN 413-2 and initial setting time was specified according to PN-EN 196-3. The study on the heat of hydration was based on an isothermal microcalorimeter TamAir. The calcareous fly ash presence usually exerts negative influence on additives effectiveness. Activating the ash by grinding improves the additives efficiency (e.g. plasticizers, superplasticizers). The influence of calcareous fly ash on effectiveness of the additives is dependent not only on its type, but also on the type of admixture. The choice of compatible admixture should be made experimentally, taking into account the presence of calcareous fly ash.
Carbonation of concretes containing calcareous fly ashes
Authors: Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka Daria , Sobczak Maciej , Gibas Karolina
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this research was to determine the carbonation depths in concrete containing calcareous fly ash. Eleven concrete mixes with the same water-binder ratio w/b and with different amounts of calcareous fly ash have been prepared in laboratory. In the test series I the mixes were produced with five blended cements containing different amounts of the following supplementary cementitious materials: calcareous fly ash, siliceous fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag. The second test series was produced with calcareous fly ash replacing 30% of the cement by weight. The maximum depth of carbonation in concrete was determined using the phenolphthalein method. The progress of the carbonation front was established by analysing polished thin sections of concrete under a polarizing microscope in transmitted light. The most resistant to carbonation was the concrete containing, beside clinker, 14.3% of calcareous fly ash as a cementitious material. The specimens of concrete containing different amounts of calcareous fly ash were compared and no significant variations were found both in the rate and depth of carbonation. On the other hand, the rate of advancement of carbonation front was higher in concrete containing calcareous fly ash as compared to the reference concrete without admixtures.
Dynamic load tests of access ramp to Rędziński Bridge in Wrocław
Authors: Zwolski Jarosław , Bień Jan , Kużawa Mieszko , Rawa Paweł
Published: July 2024

Dynamic load tests performed before commissioning a bridge generally have three main goals: to determine the response of tested structures to dynamic loads, to define the dynamic characteristics of the bridge used in the assessment of its condition changes during the operation and to optimize design methods by using the results of experimental studies. In this paper the main attention was focused on the use of experimental data to determine the Dynamic Amplification Factors (DAF) for concrete box girders and deck directly loaded by road vehicles. Applied methodology of dynamic tests of the Rędziński Bridge access ramp as well as the procedure of DAF calculation are presented. Results of experimental tests are compared with recommendations of design codes and improved procedure of DAF calculation for concrete box girders of road bridges is proposed.
Hydrated lime effect on rutting resistance of SMA pavements
Authors: Iwański Marek , Mazurek Grzegorz
Published: July 2024

The paper summarises results of examination of binder extracted from an incorporated SMA mixture with hydrated lime, and from a control mixture containing fatty acid amine, according to the American procedure MSCR defining a creep of binder under a dynamic load. Samples were taken after 12-year operation of one of the Kielce main streets, where a wearing course of SMA mixture with addition of hydrated lime was made. Sample binder was obtained through extraction of the SMA mixture sampled from the wearing course at the locations with ruts and locations without ruts. These samples of the SMA pavement were tested for rutting resistance; WTAIR and RDAIR parameters were determined. Using the statistical test of analysis of variation (ANOVA) the estimation of the influence of both the hydrated lime and the location of sampling on the creep tests results were made. By estimating the correlations between the MSCR tests of the extracted binder and WTAIR and RDAIR parameters a positive influence of hydrated lime on the rutting resistance of the SMA pavement was concluded.
The proposed assessment method of pavement conditon at bus bays and bus stops
Authors: Sołowczuk Alicja , Gardas Przemysław
Published: July 2024

The paper summarises the existing methods for assessing the condition of road pavement considering their suitability to assess the condition of pavement at bus bays and bus stops and presents the objectives and the nature of the proposed method to assess the condition of the pavement at bus bays and bus stops for different types of pavement. For the evaluation of the technical condition, a form has been proposed, which includes various types of damages and deformations of pavement. The most common pavements are made of asphalt concrete, cement concrete and blocks, including paving stone, Polbruk type concrete blocks and hexagonal concrete paving blocks (trylinka).
Efficiency repair and maintainance works at bus bays and bus stops
Authors: Sołowczuk Alicja , Gardas Przemysław , Schab Mariusz
Published: July 2024

An example of application of new method of bus bay and bus stop pavement state assessment for different types of pavement is presented in the paper. Three types of pavements, i.e. asphalt, concrete and pavement made of rock or concrete stones are considered. Detailed quantitative and qualitative assessment of bus bay and bus stop pavement condition allows easy planning of maintenance and renovation costs which is economically profitable.
Influence of mixture composition on thermal properties of concrete and the performance of rigid pavement
Authors: Panchmatia Parth , Glinicki Michał A. , Olek Jan
Published: July 2024

The recent mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide (MEPDG) put more emphasis on the effects of thermal curling stresses on rigid pavement analysis and design. Mix design of concrete has significant influence on its thermal properties such as thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, and specific heat. Aggregate type and content significantly alter the thermal properties of concrete incorporating them. The moisture state of the concrete increases its specific heat and thermal conductivity. A review of the effect of temperature of fresh concrete on early age properties is also presented. The performance of rigid pavements exposed to seasonal and daily fluctuations in temperature is discussed. Airfield concrete pavements which are subjected to jet engine exhausts experience heat cycles micro-cracking, coarsening of microstructure and loss of compressive and flexural strength. These effects are mostly the result of the dehydration and decomposition of paste matrix in concrete. Heat cycles result in concrete deterioration similar in appearance to freezing and thawing deterioration.
Friction coefficient, texture depth and tyre/road noise evaluation method by analysis of tyre print image
Authors: Błaszczak Marcin , Kowalski Karol J. , Król Jan
Published: July 2024

The development of road network requires intensive research in the field of road maintenance. It is essential to develop efficient and effective assessment methods of road pavement condition. Monitoring the level of the traffic safety-related characteristics (friction coefficient and texture depth) is particularly important for road users, while keeping road noise as low as possible is important because of the urban population living near them. The article presents the results of research work, the aim of which was to establish whether it is possible to determine skid resistance properties, pavement/tyre noise and texture depth by tyre prints on the basis of the analysis of tyre/pavement contact point. The paper presents an original method of the image analysis of tyre/pavement contact point. The correlation of this method with standard test methods, such as laser profilometer texture depth MPD, SRT-3 skid resistance tester and CPX road noise was investigated. As a result of this study it has been demonstrated that there is a significant correlation between the introduced method and MPD and SRT-3 methods for all tested pavement types as well as with CPX method for non-porous pavements.