bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Integrated Approach for the Prediction of the Load Independent Power Losses of Gears: Development of a Mesh-Handling Algorithm to Reduce the CFD Simulation Time
Authors: Concli F. , Della Torre A. , Gorla C. , Montenegro G.
Published: April 2016

To improve the efficiency of geared transmissions, prediction models are required. Literature provides only simplified models that often do not take into account the influence of many parameters on the power losses. Recently some works based on CFD simulations have been presented. The drawback of this technique is the time demand needed for the computation. In this work a less time-consuming numerical calculation method based on some specific mesh-handling techniques was extensively applied. With this approach the windage phenomena were simulated and compared with experimental data in terms of power loss. The comparison shows the capability of the numerical approach to capture the phenomena that can be observed experimentally. The powerful capabilities of this approach in terms of both prediction accuracy and computational effort efficiency make it a potential tool for an advanced design of gearboxes as well as a powerful tool for further comprehension of the physics behind the gearbox lubrication.
Maillard Reaction in Natural Rubber Latex: Characterization and Physical Properties of Solid Natural Rubber
Authors: Montha S. , Suwandittakul P. , Poonsrisawat A. , Oungeun P. , Kongkaew C.
Published: April 2016

Maillard reaction in Natural Rubber (NR) latex was investigated by treating fresh NR latex with glutaraldehyde (C5H8O2) in amounts of 0, 50, 100, and 200 mmol/kg of latex. Protein cross-linking in fresh NR latex and solid NR was confirmed by using sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy, respectively. It was found that degree of protein cross-linking in NR increased with increasing C5H8O2concentration. Physical properties of untreated and treated NR substances in terms of gel content, initial Wallace plasticity (P0), plasticity retention index (PRI), Mooney viscosity, and tensile strength were carefully explored. Results clearly showed that the Maillard cross-linking of proteins had remarkable effect on bulk NR properties, that is, solvent resistance, hardness, resistance to oxidation, rheological behavior, and resistance to stretching out.
Prevalence of Hypertension and Determination of Its Risk Factors in Rural Delhi
Authors: Kishore Jugal , Gupta Neeru , Kohli Charu , Kumar Neeta
Published: April 2016

Introduction. Hypertension is an important public health challenge in both economically developing and developed countries. It is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular mortality. Data is available on hypertension in urban population but few studies are reported in rural areas.Materials and Methods. It was a community based cross-sectional study conducted in two rural areas in Delhi among 1005 subjects selected using systematic random sampling method. WHO STEPS approach was used to collect data. Blood pressure, body mass index, and blood sugar were measured. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16. Odds of hypertension among subjects with risk factors were calculated.pvalue less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results. The prevalence of hypertension was 14.1% among study subjects. Hypertension was significantly higher in individuals more than 35 years than those less than 35 years. Hypertension was significantly higher in those who take alcohol and in subjects with raised total cholesterol level but in multivariate analysis only age, education, and cholesterol levels were independently associated with hypertension.Conclusion. There is significant burden of hypertension in rural areas in Delhi. Age, education, and cholesterol levels were independent risk factors of hypertension.
Positive Solutions and Mann Iterative Algorithms for a Second-Order Nonlinear Difference Equation
Authors: Liu Zeqing , Li Xin , Kang Shin Min , Kwun Young Chel
Published: April 2016

This paper deals with the second-order nonlinear neutral delay difference equationΔ(anh(xn-τ1n,xn-τ2n,…,xn-τmn)Δ(xn-qnxn-τ0))+f(n,xn-σ1n,xn-σ2n,…,xn-σkn)=bn,n≥n0. Using the Banach fixed point theorem, Mann iterative method with errors, and some new techniques, we prove the existence of uncountably many positive solutions and the convergence of the sequences generated by the Mann iterative method with errors relative to these solutions for the above equation. Six examples are included. Our results extend and improve essentially the known results in this field.
Using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry to Identify Drug Resistant Staphylococcal Isolates from Nonhospital Environments in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Chong Ko S. , Shazali Siti A. , Xu Zhen , Cutler Ronald R. , Idris Adi
Published: April 2016

Drug resistant bacteria have been a growing threat to the community and hospitals due to the misuse of antibiotics by humans, industrialization, and lack of novel antimicrobials currently available. Little is known about the prevalence of drug resistant bacteria in nonhealthcare environments in Brunei Darussalam and about how antibiotic resistant genes are transferred within these environments. Human contact points from different types of environments in Brunei Darussalam, varying from urban to jungle settings, were swabbed and cultured onto selective media to isolate staphylococci bacteria before performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing on the isolates. The identity of the isolates was determined using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). Staphylococci isolates resistant to oxacillin were further tested for their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). PCR analysis of themecAgene, a gene that confers resistance to oxacillin, is done to determine the level of resistance to oxacillin. Ten different staphylococcal species were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. Out of the 36 staphylococci isolates, 24 were resistant to multiple antibiotics including two isolates which were oxacillin resistant. Some staphylococci isolates had similar antibiotic resistance profiles to other staphylococci isolates of different species in the same location. This work provides the first-ever evidence of drug resistant staphylococci in the nonhospital environment in Brunei Darussalam.
Oral Feeding of ProbioticBifidobacterium infantis: Colonic Morphological Changes in Rat Model of TNBS-Induced Colitis
Authors: Javed Najma H. , Alsahly Musaad B. , Khubchandani Jagdish
Published: April 2016

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology. It has been proposed that modifying the bacterial flora in intestine with probiotics may decrease the inflammatory process and prevent relapses in UC. We investigated the possible protective and therapeutic effects of a single strand of probiotic,Bifidobacterium infantis(BI), on colonic inflammation, in rats with regular feedings. Two groups of Lewis rats were prepared (n=8). The first group was the control, sham-fed group (n=4). The other group was the experimental BI-fed group (n=4). Colitis was induced in both groups by intrarectal administration of TNBS under light anesthesia. The sham-fed colitis induced groups received a daily oral gavage feeding of 1.0 mL distilled water, whereas theB. infantis-fed group received 0.205 g ofB. infantisdissolved in 1.0 mL distilled water daily. The change in body weight and food and water intake was recorded over the course of each study and analyzed. The rats were euthanized and tissues from the descending colon were harvested and analyzed microscopically and histologically. Results of our study indicated significant reduction in inflammation, mucosal damage, and preservation of goblet cells, as compared to the control animals. Modulation of gastrointestinal (GI) flora suggests a promising field in developing strategies for prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases by dietary modifications.
Chronotopes in Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
Authors: Troy Maria Holmgren
Published: April 2016

This article employs Bakhtin’s concept of the chronotope to examine the interrelatedness of different places, temporalities, characterization, and values in Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl . Focusing on the complex interactions of four chronotopes—Dr. Flint’s house, the provincial town, the grandmother’s house, and the garret—the article yields a deeper understanding of how Jacobs critiques antebellum American society and, at the same time, constructs the grandmother’s house as chronotope as a site of negotiation with her most obvious historical addressee: the Northern middle-class white woman.
Occupy Wall Street, Racial Neoliberalism, and New York’s Hip-Hop Moguls
Authors: Quinn Eithne
Published: April 2016

This article explores the responses of three New York hip-hop entrepreneurs—Russell Simmons of Def Jam, Shawn Carter (Jay Z), and Curtis Jackson (50 Cent)—to the Occupy Wall Street mobilization of 2011. Occupy protested against extreme levels of inequality, declaring that it represented the 99 percent in opposition to the 1 percent financial elite. While these moguls were all within the 1 percent ranks, seen by many as emblematic of winner-takes-all neoliberal realignment, they had nonetheless built star brands that represented people, in intersectional race and class terms, at the other end of the economic spectrum. This tension was negotiated in markedly different ways by the three moguls. Through these comparative cases, this article engages and assesses scholarly accounts of race, popular culture, and neoliberalism. It suggests that certain dominant frames do not leave much room to draw distinctions between the moguls’ responses, and that this may be politically concerning.
Between the Bazaar and the Bench: Making of the Drugs Trade in Colonial India, ca. 1900–1930
Authors: Bhattacharya Nandini
Published: April 2016

summary: This article analyzes why adulteration became a key trope of the Indian drug market. Adulteration had a pervasive presence, being present in medical discourses, public opinion and debate, and the nationalist claim for government intervention. The article first situates the roots of adulteration in the composite nature of this market, which involved the availability of drugs of different potencies as well as the presence of multiple layers of manufacturers, agents, and distributors. It then shows that such a market witnessed the availability of drugs of diverse potency and strengths, which were understood as elements of adulteration in contemporary medical and official discourse. Although contemporary critics argued that the lack of government legislation and control allowed adulteration to sustain itself, this article establishes that the culture of the dispensation of drugs in India necessarily involved a multitude of manufacturer–retailers, bazaar traders, and medical professionals practicing a range of therapies.
Moving Texts and “Humane Sentiment”: Materiality, mobility and the emotions of imperial humanitarianism
Authors: Ballantyne Tony
Published: April 2016

In offering a rereading of imperial humanitarianism, this essay explores the interplay between the functioning of the modern British empire as an extended and dispersed political terrain, the distinctive qualities of paper and print as knowledge technologies, and the centrality of the emotions or ‘sentiment’ in humanitarian sensibilities. Drawing upon materials from the New Zealand frontier, it suggests that thinking through “moving texts” offers a crucial window on humanitarianism’s operation as an influential political formation within the modern British empire and is an effective mechanism for reassessing the political sensibilities that linked Britain and its colonies. The essay also underlines the potent and abiding consequences that “moving texts” had for Indigenous communities as they functioned as powerful engines that entangled them in the politics of empire and colonisation.
Racial Arrested Development: A Critical Whiteness Analysis of the Campus Ecology
Authors: Cabrera Nolan L. , Watson Jesse S. , Franklin Jeremy D.
Published: April 2016

This paper analyzes the campus ecology (Renn, 2003, 2004) literature from the perspective of Critical Whiteness specifically problematizing perceptions of safety and inclusion on the college campus. Relying upon Sullivan’s (2006) ontological expansiveness, Mills’s (1997) epistemology of ignorance, and Leonardo and Porter’s (2010) Fanonian interpretation of racial safety, we argue that there is too high a premium placed on social comfort during the undergraduate experience which actually leaves White students at predominantly White institutions in perpetual states of racial arrested development. We conclude that intentional, targeted racial dissonance is necessary for both White students to develop their racial selves while concurrently being aware of the ugly realities of contemporary racism.
Dissent by Design: Fostering Student Activism in Higher Education Through a Case Study of Student Affairs in a Public University in the Philippines
Authors: Bernardo Maria Aurora Correa , Baranovich Diana-Lea
Published: April 2016

Student activism is a ubiquitous component in most democratic societies. Despite its disconcerting implications to the university’s operations, it remains an important agenda to student development in higher education. This study presents the case of a university in the Philippines where student activism is a predominant ethos. The findings expose the role of the wider social context, university, and students in creating a culture of activism. This research uses the case study methodology, initially framed around investigating student affairs practice in a state university in the Philippines, eventually leading to the emergence of student activism as a dominant theme of analysis.
La Habana de Wallace Stevens
Authors: Firmat Gustavo Pérez
Published: April 2016

In 1945 Wallace Stevens sent José Rodríguez Feo a copy of his second book of poems, Ideas of Order , published ten years earlier. Thanking him for the gift, Rodríguez Feo praises one poem in particular, “Academic Discourse at Havana.” It is well known that Stevens’s poem, which had appeared in translation in Revista de Avance in 1929, has left its imprint on writers as different as Jorge Mañach and José Lezama Lima. Nonetheless, the interest in Stevens’s poem on the part of these and other Cuban writers arises from a misreading of the poem. The fact Stevens that places his poem “at Havana” does not mean that he speaks “about” Havana. The Cuban capital figures in the poem, but in a less pervasive way than has generally been thought. Its presence is limited to a few references whose function in the poem tends to undermine its connection to the city where Stevens spent a weekend. As regards its relation to Havana, “Academic Discourse” is, to borrow the title of another of Stevens’s poem, “Description without Place.”
A Framework for Understanding Information Ecosystems in Firms and Industries
Authors: Cortada James W.
Published: April 2016

Information is the glue that holds together organizations and their industries. Thus understanding the information ecosystems and their infrastructures is essential if we are to appreciate how companies, government agencies, and entire industries function. Yet the role of information in companies and industries remains understudied. This article defines concepts historians should understand, discusses challenges faced in the study of business information, and suggests approaches.
Modally hybrid grammar?: Celestial pointing for time-of-day reference in Nheengatú
Authors: Floyd Simeon
Published: April 2016

From the study of sign languages we know that the visual modality robustly supports the encoding of conventionalized linguistic elements, yet while the same possibility exists for the visual bodily behavior of speakers of spoken languages, such practices are often referred to as ‘gestural’ and are not usually described in linguistic terms. This article describes a practice of speakers of the Brazilian indigenous language Nheengatú of pointing to positions along the east-west axis of the sun’s arc for time-of-day reference, and illustrates how it satisfies any of the common criteria for linguistic elements, as a system of standardized and productive form-meaning pairings whose contributions to propositional meaning remain stable across contexts. First, examples from a video corpus of natural speech demonstrate these conventionalized properties of Nheengatú time reference across multiple speakers. Second, a series of video-based elicitation stimuli test several dimensions of its conventionalization for nine participants. The results illustrate why modality is not an a priori reason that linguistic properties cannot develop in the visual practices that accompany spoken language. The conclusion discusses different possible morphosyntactic and pragmatic analyses for such conventionalized visual elements and asks whether they might be more crosslinguistically common than we presently know.
Collision, Illinois: David Foster Wallace and the Value of Insurance
Authors: Severs Jeffrey
Published: April 2016

This article argues that David Foster Wallace, across his career, was subtly invested in the possibilities for defining community value in varied structures of insurance, from the New Deal’s transformation of the welfare state to the neoliberal economics of for-profit health insurance. Historicizing Wallace and deciphering the overlooked ways in which he deploys economics, the article focuses on readings of “Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way” (1989), “The Soul Is Not a Smithy” (2004), and “Oblivion” (2004), while also linking the latter two to the development of The Pale King (2011).
Feminists in the Temple of Orthodoxy: The Struggle of the Women of the Wall to Change the Status Quo
Authors: Reiter Yitzhak
Published: April 2016

This article analyzes the struggle of the Women of the Wall (WoW), a minority group of religious, activist, and feminist women challenging the Orthodox, male, hegemonic status quo at Judaism’s holiest site: the Western Wall. Since 1988, the group has been holding prayer services every Rosh Hodesh at the Wall with and without interruptions according to its custom—wrapped in colorful tallitot and reading aloud from the Torah. This article, based on interviews with the major political actors involved and content analysis of primary documents and publications, presents the action strategies of the various parties involved and analyzes the dispute’s conflict resolution methods. It explores a series of questions: first, what has enabled legal and public recognition of a minority group’s local custom that challenges the hegemonic status quo at the Western Wall? Second, how has a small group of women succeeded over more powerful forces in breaking the status quo in favor of a gender-oriented, pluralistic-religious agenda? Third, what are the implications of these achievements for arrangements at the Wall and other contentious holy places? This case contributes to existing scholarship on religious feminism as well as on shared and divided holy spaces, as the controversy exists not between two religions, but between different streams within Judaism.
Adequacy Study on a Regional Airport to Achieve Energy Efficiency in a Renewable Form
Authors: Da Rosa Artur Rech , Villas-Boas Valquíria
Published: April 2016

Environmental sustainability is the use of the environment, giving it opportunity to regenerate, or finding ways to replace the environmental occupation by renewable means. In this context, the Caxias do Sul Regional Airport, which is a transport service provider to the Serra Gaucha region, can act as the concept of sustainable development, provided that there is the integration of environmental criteria in economic practice. In this context, photogeneration presents itself as an alternative to meet its energy demand making it sustainable from the point of view of this resource. In this paper, the airport demand for this type of energy, the PV plant design and analysis of economic viability are determined. The implementation of this system can save the airport 420,248.73 R$/year and it can generate the equivalent of R$ 235,653.74 / year in energy credits, being economically viable. This development, besides sustaining an image of green airport, can generate jobs for specialists in the field and can encourage and propagate the idea of using renewable energy.  http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v4iss1p21
Turismo de massas em Portugal: da destradicionalização à desestruturação
Authors: Cordeiro Gonçalves Eduardo C.
Published: April 2016

Constituyendo una de las señas de identidad de la modernidad, el boom turístico de los años 1960-70 desafía a la sociedad portuguesa y se asocia de manera pronunciada al fenómeno de la destradicionalización, que marcó los últimos años del régimen del “Estado Novo” portugués. Partiendo, por lo tanto, del análisis de las características de la progresiva industrialización turista matizada por la reducción del tiempo y el aprisionamiento de los espacios turísticos, proponemos, por un lado, reflexionar sobre la racionalización y la mercantilización turística y, por otro, examinar las imágenes de masas que marcan el último cuarto del siglo XX portugués. Proponemos también poner en evidencia la inminente desintegración del modelo de turismo de masas en Portugal, donde imbrica la experiencia turística de la posmodernidad y la afirmación de un escenario global multidiferencial, que revela un campo de transacciones entre diferentes culturas y la hibridación como una constante.
Innovación y formación profesional: relaciones entre sistemas, políticas y actores
Authors: Brunet Icart Ignasi , Rodríguez Soler Juan
Published: April 2016

Este artículo presenta un avance de resultados del proyecto FPInnova, “Formación profesional y sistema de innovación: el papel de los trabajadores intermedios en los procesos de innovación de las pymes industriales” (CSO2011-29410-C03-01), financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. El objetivo de esta investigación consiste en analizar las relaciones entre el sistema de formación y el sistema regional de innovación de seis regiones. En el contexto actual de crisis económica el estudio de los procesos de construcción institucional y social del modelo económico español se hace más necesario. La educación y la innovación forman parte de la respuesta que debe darse a los retos actuales. Aquí se presenta un primer análisis de estas relaciones para dos de las regiones estudiadas.
Menores, jóvenes, educación, drogas y justicia
Authors: Nieto Morales Concepción
Published: April 2016

El consumo de drogas se encuentra normalizado en los jóvenes de hoy día, comienzan por el consumo de hachís a temprana edad, algunos se mantienen en el consumo de pequeñas cantidades o abandonan el consumo y otros van incrementando el consumo y ampliando el tipo de sustancias que consumen. Los menores que van acumulando fracaso escolar, no consiguen el nivel del resto de los alumnos ni superación las pruebas académicas, desencadenando expulsiones, ociosidad, relación con grupo de iguales en similares circunstancias pasando la mayor parte del tiempo ociosos se reúnen con grupos de similares circunstancias de ociosidad, conductas disruptivas, y el aburrimiento les lleva a comenzar a consumir hachís, y otro tipo de sustancias estupefacientes que desencadenan adicciones en ocasiones muy graves y problemas judiciales.
Nuevas perspectivas y paradigmas de las políticas públicas sociales en tiempos de crisis
Authors: Canales Aliende José Manuel
Published: April 2016

El artículo analiza el impacto de la crisis múltiple actual del Estado de Bienestar en las políticas públicas sociales, en un contexto de sociedades plurales y complejas, haciendo hincapié en las diversas clases y características de las mismas, así como en una serie de propuestas y soluciones alternativas.
La desigualdad política ante la crisis del estado social
Authors: Menéndez Alzamora Manuel
Published: April 2016

El texto parte de la fuerte conexión entre Estado social fuerte y las políticas públicas activas de distribución y equilibrio de la riqueza. Desde esta premisa se describen algunos escenarios en los que las desigualdades estructurales impiden el desarrollo de políticas públicas activas. De manera específica se alude a determinados datos relativos a America Latina. Estos datos se presentan como contrapunto al contexto europeo. Por último, se incide en el papel de las clases medias como destinatarias de las nuevas políticas públicas necesarias para dar un nuevo sentido al estado social del siglo XXI.
Política y derechos sociales en tiempos de crisis en España
Authors: Sánchez Medero Gema , Tamboleo García Rubén
Published: April 2016

La crisis económica por la que atraviesa desde hace ya cuatro años principalmente Europa, y también el resto del mundo, está suponiendo una transformación, y lo que es más importante, un cuestionamiento del propio modelo del Estado de Bienestar. Una situación que está conduciendo a un incremento del paro y la desigualdad, y por tanto, está abriendo una nueva brecha social, y mientras tanto, los Estados responden con una reducción de los gastos en protección social, y con aumentos de impuestos como respuestas para intentar paliar el déficit público. Es precisamente en el hecho de la reducción de los gastos en protección social, en el que se basa este artículo, con el único objetivo de poder determinar y analizar los cambios que se han producido en las políticas y los derechos sociales en España, y como estos están afectando a sus ciudadanos.
IL-17 in Protective Immunity to Vaginal Candidiasis
Authors: Abood Meethaq S. , Habib Khalid A. , Najee Eman N.
Published: April 2016

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is caused by Candida albicans affects a significant number of women during their reproductive ages. Th17 cells play a major role in coordinating the host defense in oropharyngeal candidiasis. In this study we investigated the involvement of the Th17 response in an animal model of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). The present study aimed to shed light on detect concentration of the IL-17 of infected animal and control . A direct Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to quantify IL-17 concentrations in 30 infected animal with VVC and 10 control group. Rats were intravaginally inoculated with C.albicans, and vaginal lavage fluids, serum were evaluated for proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 The data suggest that IL-17, produced by vaginal cells, particularly CD4 T cells, detected in the vaginal wash and serum during the infection, reaching a maximum 14 days after the challenge.
Assessment of Pro Hepcidin and Related with Iron Profile on Hemodialysis Men Patients
Authors: Khaleel Fayhaa M. , Muhi Samer A. , Selman Ashgan D.
Published: April 2016

Patients with renal failure in the final stages undergo the treatment by hemodialysis. Hemodialysis is used to reinstate the intracellular and extracellular fluid environment, by propagation of molecules in solution through a semipermeable membrane along an electrochemical concentration gradient. Blood catching in the dialysis machine and the recurrent phlebotomy may lead to losing about 1-3 g of iron per year. Prohepcidin hormone is an acute phase protein (type II) that plays a major role in the systemic iron irregularities as it is a mediator of anemia in inflammation and regulator of iron metabolism. This study aims to evaluate the effect of hemodialysis on iron hemostasis and its relationship with prohepcidin as an inflammatory marker. This study includes forty four adult male patients with end-stage renal failure (in pre and post –treated) by means of chronic hemodialysis-HD with mean age (53.27 ± 13.76 years). The following biochemical investigations have been studied: Prohepcidin, Iron, Ferritin, Transferrin, Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC), The Unsaturated Total Iron Binding Capacity (UIBC), and transferrin saturation (TAST).Decrement of Prohepcidin level on hemodialysis patients in post dialysis with non-significantly compared to pre dialysis, while iron and ferritin was increment in post treated than pre- treated with non-significantly.Hemodialysis affects Prohepcidin levels as it was long duration and Glomerular Filtration rate GFR (cock croft equation) and prohepcidin level affect the iron profile related with the iron store depletion.
Addition of Some Primary and Secondary Amines to Graphene Oxide, and Studying Their Effect on Increasing its Electrical Properties
Authors: Abd Ahmed Najem , Al-Agha Abdulwahhabb H. , Alheety Mustafa.A
Published: April 2016

Previously many properties of graphene oxide in the field of medicine, biological environment and in the field of energy have been studied. This diversity in properties is due to the possibility of modification on the composition of this Nano compound, where the Graphene oxide is capable of more modification via addition other functional groups on its surface or at the edges of the sheet. The reason for this modification possibility is that the Sp3 hybridization (tetrahedral structure) of the carbon atoms in graphene oxide, and it contains many oxygenic functional groups that are able to reac with other groups. In this research the effect of addition of some amine compounds on electrical properties of graphene oxide has been studied by the preparation of graphene oxide - amino containing compound, which could be classified under Nano carbon compounds containing nitrogen (N-doped carbon nanomaterials). These amines are used as expanders for the distance between the layers of graphene oxide (spacers), and thus prevent agglomeration of graphene oxide layers in addition to enhanced electric properties of graphene oxide. The following amines (thiocarbohydrazide(TCH),o-phenylenediamine(oPD) and poly aniline(PAni)) were used for the preparation of the corresponding amino graphene oxide (GO-TCH, GO-containing Benzoimidazol & benzoxazole, and GO-PAni), and characterized by X-RAY diffraction (XRD) ,infra red spectrum (FTIR) and atomic force microscope (AFM) , also the electrical properties of these materials were studied using inductance, capacitance, and resistance ( LCR) measurements.
Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Azo Dyes Derivatives Via Chalcone and Study Some of Their Biological Activity
Authors: Abdullah Hilal Masoud , Tawfiq Maysoon Tariq
Published: April 2016

This work includes synthesis of new six membered heterocyclic rings with effective amino group using the reaction of benzylideneacetophenone (chalcone) (1) with thiourea or urea in alcoholic basic medium to form: 1,3-thiazen-2-amine (2), and 1,3-oxazin-2-amine (8) respectively. The diazotization reaction was carried out with sodium nitrite in presence of hydrochloric acid to form diazonium salts which suffered coupling reaction with naphthols and phenols in the presence of sodium hydroxide to form colored azo dyes (4-7, and 10-13). o-methylation reaction of compounds (7) and (10) yielded : 1,3-thiazin -2-yl-diazenyl (14), and 1,3-oxazin-2-yl-diazenyl (15) respectively.The new compounds were characterized using various physical techniques like: UV-Vis., FT-IR, and 1HNMR spectra. Some new compounds were tested against bacteria.
The Nuclear Structure for Exotic Neutron-Rich of 42, 43, 45,47K Nuclei
Authors: Hameed Ban S.
Published: April 2016

In this paper the proton, neutron and matter density distributions and the corresponding root mean square (rms) radii of the ground states and the elastic magnetic electron scattering form factors and the magnetic dipole moments have been calculated for exotic nucleus of potassium isotopes K (A= 42, 43, 45, 47) based on the shell model using effective W0 interaction. The single-particle wave functions of harmonic-oscillator (HO) potential are used with the oscillator parameters b. According to this interaction, the valence nucleons are asummed to move in the d3f7 model space. The elastic magnetic electron scattering of the exotic nuclei 42K (J?T= 2- 2), 43K(J?T=3/2+ 5/2), 45K (J?T= 3/2+ 7/2) and 47K (J?T= 1/2+ 9/2) investigated through Plane Wave Born Approximation (PWBA). The inclusion of core polarization effect through the effective g-factors is adequate to obtain a good agreement between the predicted and the measured magnetic dipole moments.
Camouflagic presentation of a shwannoma as an anterior mediastinal mass with significant airway collapse -a case report
Authors: Pathak Soumi , Chowdhury Itee , Bhargava Ajay Kumar
Published: April 2016

The anaesthetic management of diagnostic and surgical procedure in patients with anterior mediastinal mass presents life-threatening challenges. This is usually caused by extrinsic compression of the airway, obstruction to the venous return or cardiac output. Common symptoms of cardio respiratory compression are positional dyspnoea, orthopnoea, stridor, syncope, and superior venacaval syndrome. A previously asymptomatic person may develop catastrophic airway collapse or cardiovascular compromise under anaesthesia hence careful evaluation and discussion between a multidisciplinary team is essential. We report management of a case of shwannoma presenting as anterior mediastinal mass resulting in collapse of upper one third of trachea with twenty percentage luminal opening. The purpose of our reporting is to emphasise that patients with significant tracheomalacia and eighty percentage decreased tracheal lumen may be asymptomatic, thus a thorough evaluation and skeptical vigilance and pre-emptive thinking is required to deal with the challenges posed by them. The use of endobronchial ultrasound, impulse oscillometry and negative expiratory pressure tests may be valuable for assessing the cause of the central airway collapse and for further management of these patients.
Ultrasound guided versus land mark technique for internal jugular central venous catheterization in cardiac surgical patients- a randomized trial
Authors: Parajuli Santosh Sharma , Pokharel Jeju Nath
Published: April 2016

Background: Catheterization of internal jugular vein can be achieved by either anatomical landmark technique or the ultrasound guided technique. The objective of our study is to find out if ultrasound guided technique could be beneficial in placing central venous catheters by improving the success rate by reducing the number of attempts, decreasing the access time and decreasing the complications rate in comparison to the landmark technique.Methods: Fifty patients scheduled for cardiac surgery requiring central venous cannulation of the right internal jugular vein were divided into two groups: ultrasound guided group ‘U’ and the landmark group ‘L’, each consisting of 25 patients with age more than 15 years. The outcomes were compared in terms of success rate, time taken for successful cannulation and rate of complications.Results: The two groups were comparable in terms of age, weight, heart rate and blood pressure. The mean number of attempts for successful cannulation was 1.08±0.277 and 1.40±0.764 (p=0.055), the time taken in seconds for successful cannulation was 108.56±27.822 and 132.08±72.529 (p=0.137) and the overall complication rate was 0% (0 out of 25) and 32% (8 out of 25) (p=0.02) in the ultrasound guided and the landmark technique group respectively.Conclusion: Ultrasound guided central venous catheterization of internal jugular vein is comparable to the landmark technique in terms of number of attempts and the time required for successful cannulation. Ultrasound guided technique is much safer than the landmark technique to reduce the overall complications rate during central venous cannulation.
Anesthesiology or Perioperative Medicine
Authors: Rana Resham Bahadur
Published: April 2016

According to the Department of health services of Nepal, around 100,000 surgical patients received some form of anesthesia for surgical intervention in the year 2014. Around 55,000 were inpatient and 45,000 being outpatient. Many were straight forward, some required optimization prior to anesthesia and surgery.Anesthesiologists are primary physicians who looks patient before, during and after surgeries. Therefore, these specialists have enough knowledge and skills required to be physicians. The article gives a view on development of a specially trained physician, a perioperative physician rather than anesthesiologist and raises a view on transforming the postgraduate degree of anesthesiology from a recognized medical college or university in Nepal to a more appropriate perioperative medicine.
Marketing assets: Relating brand equity and customer equity
Authors: Romero Jaime , Yagüe María J.
Published: April 2016

Purpose: Brand equity and customer equity are inextricably linked. Some authors propose that marketing activities build these intangible assets simultaneously. In contrast, others suggest that brand equity is an antecedent of customer equity. In this research, we aim to shed light about the relationship between brand equity and customer equity, by empirically testing these two alternative explanations. Design/methodology/approach: We propose four research models that reflect these two alternatives explanations regarding the link between brand equity and customer equity. In order to estimate these models we employ Structural Equations Modelling. We measure model variables using data collected through a survey to marketing managers of services companies that operate in Spain. We compare these four research models in terms of explanatory power and goodness of fit. Findings: Our results indicate that the models that correspond to the simultaneity approach have a higher explanatory power and goodness of fit than the models that suggest that brand equity is an antecedent of customer equity, thus supporting that these intangible assets are built by marketing activities at the same time. Research limitations/implications: Our results recommend caution when interpreting previous research about the effects of brand (customer) equity, as they might indeed correspond to customer (brand) management. Similarly, future research focusing on customer and brand management need to take into account both managerial areas in their studies. Practical implications: From a practitioners’ point of view, our findings suggest adopting a brand-customer portfolio approach to enhance company profitability. Similarly, we derive implications for firm valuation processes, which incorporate brand equity and customer equity in their calculations. Originality/value: We empirically study the relationship between brand equity and customer equity, while previous research has analyzed this topic only at a theoretical level. Clarifying this link enriches our comprehension about how companies build these marketing intangible assets and increases the accuracy of firm valuation processes.
Modeling policy mix to improve the competitiveness of Indonesian palm oil industry
Authors: Y H Silitonga Roland , Siswanto Joko , Simatupang Tota , Nur Bahagia Senator
Published: April 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to develop a model that will explain the impact of government policies to the competitiveness of palm oil industry. The model involves two commodities in this industry, namely crude palm oil (CPO) and refined palm oil (RPO), each has different added value. Design/methodology/approach: The model built will define the behavior of government in controlling palm oil industry, and their interactions with macro-environment, in order to improve the competitiveness of the industry. Therefore the first step was to map the main activities in this industry using value chain analysis. After that a conceptual model was built, where the output of the model is competitiveness of the industry based on market share. The third step was model formulation. The model is then utilized to simulate the policy mix given by government in improving the competitiveness of Palm Oil Industry. Research limitations/implications: The model was developed using only some policies which give direct impact to the competitiveness of the industry. For macro environment input, only price is considered in this model. Practical implications: The model can simulate the output of the industry for various government policies mix given to the industry. Originality/value: This research develops a model that can represent the structure and relationship between industry, government and macro environment, using value chain analysis and hierarchical multilevel system approach.
Molecular Biology and Clinical Mitigation of Cancer Treatment-Induced Neuropathy
Authors: Higa Gerald M. , Sypult Corbin
Published: April 2016

Disruption of microtubule function is the antitumor mechanism of several classes of drugs used to treat cancer today. However, the significant beneficial effect on tumor outcomes is frequently counterbalanced by neurotoxic complications. Despite an abundance of scientific data, our understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying this toxic reaction remains unclear, further hindering attempts to identify and develop effective preventive strategies. The primary goals of this review are to: (1) provide insight regarding the biology of the microtubule, (2) analyze the molecular and biochemical pathways that may be involved in the development of neurotoxicity, and (3) propose a unifying concept linking drug-induced neuropathy, microtubule dysfunction, and vitamin D.
Molecular Dissection of Chromatin Maturation via Click Chemistry
Authors: Yildirim Ozlem , Kingston Robert E.
Published: April 2016

DNA synthesis and chromatin assembly are the two most critical processes of eukaryotic cell division. It is well known that their coordination is tightly regulated. Although the interplay between DNA and its higher‐order chromatin state is integral for many processes, including cell survival and genome stability, little is known about the re‐establishment of chromatin structure during the cell cycle. Moreover, the extent to which the fidelity of the newly synthesized chromatin plays a role in the maintenance of cellular identity is still under debate. Here, we present a novel approach to purify nascent chromatin from the replication fork. In this protocol, we take advantage of click chemistry, a method that allows efficient conjugation of azide‐containing biotin molecules to ethynyl‐labeled nucleic acids. Using this approach, we selectively enrich biotin‐nucleic acid conjugates via streptavidin affinity purification to pull down and assess chromatin states as well as chromatin‐bound complexes from newly replicated DNA fragments. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Differentiation and Characterization of Tr1 Cells
Authors: Chihara Norio , Madi Asaf , Karwacz Katarzyna , Awasthi Amit , Kuchroo Vijay K.
Published: April 2016

Regulatory T cell–mediated suppression serves as a pivotal mechanism of negative regulation of immune‐mediated inflammation. Type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1 cells) are an important subset of CD4+ T cells that prevent excessive inflammatory responses and maintain immune tolerance. The anti‐inflammatory role of Tr1 cells is mediated in part by their production of interleukin 10 (IL‐10), which dampens the function of both antigen‐presenting cells and antigen‐specific effector T cells. Additionally, Tr1 cells can kill effector and myeloid cells through the perforin‐granzyme B pathway. Adoptive transfer of in vitro differentiated Tr1 cells can be used to suppress autoimmune tissue inflammation in vivo. This unit describes the in vitro stimulation of naïve murine CD4+ T cells using IL‐27 to generate IL‐10–producing Tr1 cells. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In Vivo Depletion of T Lymphocytes
Authors: Laky Karen , Kruisbeek Ada M.
Published: April 2016

In vivo depletion of T lymphocytes is a means of studying the role of specific T cell populations during defined phases of in vivo immune responses. In this unit, a protocol is provided for injecting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) into wild‐type adult mice. Depletion of the appropriate subset of cells is verified by flow cytometry analysis of lymph node and spleen cell suspensions in pilot experiments. Once conditions have been established, depleted mice can be used to study the impact of T cell subsets on a variety of in vivo immune responses. The depleted condition may be maintained by repeated injections of the monoclonal antibody, or reversed by normal thymopoiesis following discontinuation of antibody administration. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mouse Models for Immune‐Mediated Platelet Destruction or Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)
Authors: Neschadim Anton , Branch Donald R.
Published: April 2016

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a debilitating, life‐threatening autoimmune disorder affecting more than 4 in every 100,000 adults annually, stemming from the production of antiplatelet antibody resulting in accelerated platelet destruction and thrombocytopenia. Numerous animal models of ITP have been developed that contributed to the basic understanding of the underlying mechanisms of ITP onset, progression, and maintenance. Rodent models that develop ITP spontaneously, or by passive transfer of an antiplatelet sera or antibody, play an instrumental role in the investigation of ITP mechanisms responsible for the breakdown of tolerance in human ITP, in studies of the immunopathology underlying the progression of platelet destruction, and in elucidation of the mechanisms of therapeutic amelioration of ITP by existing and new therapeutic modalities. This unit captures the protocols for the implementation and readout of passive antibody transfer mouse models of ITP, established by the infusion of a commercially‐available monoclonal rat anti‐mouse CD41 platelet antibody. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: VAPOR‐DENSITY DETERMINATIONS OF GROUP 5 PENTAFLUORIDES
Authors: FAWCETT J. , HEWITT A. J. , HOLLOWAY J. H. , STEPHEN M. A.
Published: April 2016

Über Dampfdichtebe‐ Stimmungen nach einer modifizierten Dumas‐Methode werden die mittleren Molekulargewichte der gesättigten Dämpfe von NbF5, TaFs und SbFS oberhalb ihrer Siedepunkte bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE GALVANOSTATIC STUDY OF BROMINE‐ACTIVE CARBON ELECTRODE IN FUSED SALTS
Authors: STERNBERG S. , GALASIU I.
Published: April 2016

Die anodischen und kathodischen Polarisationskurven (da‐t) der Brom‐Kohlenstoffelektrode in eutektischen AgBr/KBr‐Schmelzen zwischen 400 und 700°C werden galvanostatisch bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE ANODIC OXIDATION OF ZIRCONIUM. I. GROWTH STRESSES IN ANODIC ZIRCONIA FILMS
Authors: ARCHIBALD L. C. , LEACH J. S. L.
Published: April 2016

Die Spannungen in anodisch auf Zr gebildeten ZrOQ‐Filmen hängen nicht nur von der Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit, sondern auch von der Gegenwart von F′‐Ionen in der Oberflächenschicht ab.
ChemInform Abstract: SOME INVESTIGATIONS INTO HYDROGEN SULFIDE ADSORPTION BY LEAD
Authors: SPEDDING D. J.
Published: April 2016

Die Adsorption′ von H2 35 Saus Luft (ca.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOREDUCTION OF SILVER ION IN AQUEOUS AND ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS
Authors: HADA H. , YONEZAWA Y. , YOSHIDA A. , KURAKAKE A.
Published: April 2016

Wäßrige und alkoholische Lösungen von AgClO4 werden mit Licht der Wellenlänge 253,7 nm photolysiert.
ChemInform Abstract: LEWIS BASE PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM‐GRAPHITE
Authors: BERGBREITER D. E. , KILLOUGH J. M.
Published: April 2016

Graphitkalium C8K reagiert mit Wasser oder Alkoholen zu teilweise reduziertem Graphit und Kaliumhydroxid′.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND INTERCONVERSION OF THE ISOMERIC α‐ AND β‐MOLYBDATE (MO8O264‐) IONS
Authors: KLEMPERER W. G. , SHUM W.
Published: April 2016

Bei Zugabe der Verbindungen R4NX (R: CH3, C,H5, n‐C3H7, n‐C4H9; X: Cl, Br) zu einer angesäuerten wäßrigen Na‐molybdatlösung (pH 3‐4) fallen reine Isomere wie z.B. α‐(n‐C4H9)4Mo8O,6 (I) aus.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR REARRANGEMENT IN (η‐DIENE)TRICARBONYLIRON AND ‐RUTHENIUM COMPOUNDS. A CARBON‐13 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDY
Authors: KRUCZYNSKI L. , TAKATS J.
Published: April 2016

Untersucht werden die Verbindungen mit den Dienen Butadien, Tetraphenylcyclopentadienon, Tetrakis‐(trifluormethyl)‐ cyclopentadienon, Cyclohexadien‐( 1,3), Bicyclo[4,2,0]octadien, Cycloheptatrien, Tropon, Cyclooctadien‐(1,3) und Cyclooctatrien.