bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of a Compact Camera Obscura
Authors: Sánchez María Jesús , Gil Julia , Manuel Vaquero José
Published: March 2022

The camera obscura is a well-known optical device in the form of a closed box with a hole in one of its walls through which light rays pass, forming an inverted image of the external objects on the opposite wall, as can be seen in Fig. 1(a). Despite the simplicity of its basic design, they have been widely used by scientists and artists. In particular, dark cameras have been used throughout history to measure Earth-Sun distance. To do this, ancient scientists used cameras of enormous dimensions to accurately measure the variations in the apparent diameter of the Sun that depend on the Earth-Sun distance. This is because the farther the light travels inside the camera, the larger the projected image will be [Fig. 1(b)]. In this work, the construction of a compact dark camera for educational purposes is presented so that, having reduced dimensions, it allows the images to be very large.
Five Surprising Facts About Molecules of Water and Air
Authors: Mallmann A. James
Published: March 2022

This article presents answers to five questions about molecules of water and air. In Chapter 1 of Volume 1 of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Richard Feynman suggests that: “If in some cataclysm all scientific knowledge were to be destroyed, and only one sentence passed on to the next generation of creatures, what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is the atomic hypothesis … that all things are made of atoms ….”
Extreme energetic particle events by superflare-associated CMEs from solar-like stars
Authors: Hu Junxiang , Airapetian Vladimir S. , Li Gang , Zank Gary , Jin Meng
Published: March 2022

Discovery of frequent superflares on active cool stars opened a new avenue in understanding the properties of eruptive events and their impact on exoplanetary environments. Solar data suggest that coronal mass ejections (CMEs) should be associated with superflares on active solar-like planet hosts and produce solar/stellar energetic particle (SEP/StEP) events. Here, we apply the 2D Particle Acceleration and Transport in the Heliosphere model to simulate the SEPs accelerated via CME-driven shocks from the Sun and young solar-like stars. We derive the scaling of SEP fluence and hardness of energy spectra with CME speed and associated flare energy. These results have crucial implications for the prebiotic chemistry and expected atmospheric biosignatures from young rocky exoplanets as well as the chemistry and isotopic composition of circumstellar disks around infant solar-like stars.
Strong interlayer interactions in bilayer and trilayer moiré superlattices
Authors: Xie Saien , Faeth Brendan D. , Tang Yanhao , Li Lizhong , Gerber Eli , Parzyck Christopher T. , Chowdhury Debanjan , Zhang Ya-Hui , Jozwiak Christopher , Bostwick Aaron , Rotenberg Eli , Kim Eun-Ah , Shan Jie , Mak Kin Fai , Shen Kyle M.
Published: March 2022

Moiré superlattices constructed from transition metal dichalcogenides have demonstrated a series of emergent phenomena, including moiré excitons, flat bands, and correlated insulating states. All of these phenomena depend crucially on the presence of strong moiré potentials, yet the properties of these moiré potentials, and the mechanisms by which they can be generated, remain largely open questions. Here, we use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with submicron spatial resolution to investigate an aligned WS
2
/WSe
2
moiré superlattice and graphene/WS
2
/WSe
2
trilayer heterostructure. Our experiments reveal that the hybridization between moiré bands in WS
2
/WSe
2
exhibits an unusually large momentum dependence, with the splitting between moiré bands at the Γ point more than an order of magnitude larger than that at
K
point. In addition, we discover that the same WS
2
/WSe
2
superlattice can imprint an unexpectedly large moiré potential on a third, separate layer of graphene (g/WS
2
/WSe
2
), suggesting new avenues for engineering two-dimensional moiré superlattices.
Anisotropic dynamics of two-photon ionization: An attosecond movie of photoemission
Authors: Autuori Alice , Platzer Dominique , Lejman Mariusz , Gallician Guillaume , Maëder Lucie , Covolo Antoine , Bosse Lea , Dalui Malay , Bresteau David , Hergott Jean-François , Tcherbakoff Olivier , Marroux Hugo J. B. , Loriot Vincent , Lépine Franck , Poisson Lionel , Taïeb Richard , Caillat Jérémie , Salières Pascal
Published: March 2022

Imaging in real time the complete dynamics of a process as fundamental as photoemission has long been out of reach because of the difficulty of combining attosecond temporal resolution with fine spectral and angular resolutions. Here, we achieve full decoding of the intricate angle-dependent dynamics of a photoemission process in helium, spectrally and anisotropically structured by two-photon transitions through intermediate bound states. Using spectrally and angularly resolved attosecond electron interferometry, we characterize the complex-valued transition probability amplitude toward the photoelectron quantum state. This allows reconstructing in space, time, and energy the complete formation of the photoionized wave packet.
Exact closure and solution for spatial correlations in single-file diffusion
Authors: Grabsch Aurélien , Poncet Alexis , Rizkallah Pierre , Illien Pierre , Bénichou Olivier
Published: March 2022

In single-file transport particles diffuse in narrow channels while not overtaking each other. it is a fundamental model for the tracer subdiffusion observed in confined systems, such as zeolites or carbon nanotubes. This anomalous behavior originates from strong bath-tracer correlations in one dimension. Despite extensive effort, these remained elusive, because they involve an infinite hierarchy of equations. For the symmetric exclusion process, a paradigmatic model of single-file diffusion, we break the hierarchy to unveil and solve a closed exact equation satisfied by these correlations. Beyond quantifying the correlations, the role of this key equation as a tool for interacting particle systems is further demonstrated by its application to out-of-equilibrium situations, other observables, and other representative single-file systems.
Twist-diameter coupling drives DNA twist changes with salt and temperature
Authors: Zhang Chen , Tian Fujia , Lu Ying , Yuan Bing , Tan Zhi-Jie , Zhang Xing-Hua , Dai Liang
Published: March 2022

DNA deformations upon environmental changes, e.g., salt and temperature, play crucial roles in many biological processes and material applications. Here, our magnetic tweezers experiments observed that the increase in NaCl, KCl, or RbCl concentration leads to substantial DNA overwinding. Our simulations and theoretical calculation quantitatively explain the salt-induced twist change through the mechanism: More salt enhances the screening of interstrand electrostatic repulsion and hence reduces DNA diameter, which is transduced to twist increase through twist-diameter coupling. We determined that the coupling constant is 4.5 ± 0.8
k
B
T/(degrees∙nm) for one base pair. The coupling comes from the restraint of the contour length of DNA backbone. On the basis of this coupling constant and diameter-dependent DNA conformational entropy, we predict the temperature dependence of DNA twist Δω
bp
/Δ
T
≈ −0.01 degree/°C, which agrees with our and previous experimental results. Our analysis suggests that twist-diameter coupling is a common driving force for salt- and temperature-induced DNA twist changes.
Hepatic IRF3 fuels dysglycemia in obesity through direct regulation of
Ppp2r1b
Authors: Patel Suraj J. , Liu Nan , Piaker Sam , Gulko Anton , Andrade Maynara L. , Heyward Frankie D. , Sermersheim Tyler , Edinger Nufar , Srinivasan Harini , Emont Margo P. , Westcott Gregory P. , Luther Jay , Chung Raymond T. , Yan Shuai , Kumari Manju , Thomas Reeby , Deleye Yann , Tchernof André , White Phillip J. , Baselli Guido A. , Meroni Marica , De Jesus Dario F. , Ahmad Rasheed , Kulkarni Rohit N. , Valenti Luca , Tsai Linus , Rosen Evan D.
Published: March 2022

Inflammation has profound but poorly understood effects on metabolism, especially in the context of obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we report that hepatic interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a direct transcriptional regulator of glucose homeostasis through induction of
Ppp2r1b
, a component of serine/threonine phosphatase PP2A, and subsequent suppression of glucose production. Global ablation of IRF3 in mice on a high-fat diet protected against both steatosis and dysglycemia, whereas hepatocyte-specific loss of IRF3 affects only dysglycemia. Integration of the IRF3-dependent transcriptome and cistrome in mouse hepatocytes identifies
Ppp2r1b
as a direct IRF3 target responsible for mediating its metabolic actions on glucose homeostasis. IRF3-mediated induction of
Ppp2r1b
amplified PP2A activity, with subsequent dephosphorylation of AMPKα and AKT. Furthermore, suppression of hepatic
Irf3
expression with antisense oligonucleotides reversed obesity-induced insulin resistance and restored glucose homeostasis in obese mice. Obese humans with NAFLD displayed enhanced activation of liver IRF3, with reversion after bariatric surgery. Hepatic
PPP2R1B
expression correlated with HgbA1C and was elevated in obese humans with impaired fasting glucose. We therefore identify the hepatic IRF3-PPP2R1B axis as a causal link between obesity-induced inflammation and dysglycemia and suggest an approach for limiting the metabolic dysfunction accompanying obesity-associated NAFLD.
Supplemental Material: Multi-stage construction of the Little Cottonwood stock, Utah, USA: Origin, intrusion, venting, mineralization, and mass movement
Authors: Jensen C.G. , al. et
Published: March 2022

Sample locations, modal mineralogy, whole rock geochemistry, U-Pb isotopic data, instrumental methods, and cathodoluminescence images of zircon grains.
Supplemental Material: Correlation between South China and India and development of double rift systems in the South China–India Duo during late Neoproterozoic time
Authors: Liu Bingbing , Peng Touping , al. et
Published: March 2022

Table S1: Detrital zircon U-Pb ages from the Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic sequences in Eastern Yidun subterrane. Table S2: Lu-Hf isotopes of detrital zircons from the Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic sequences in Eastern Yidun subterrane. Figure S1: CL images of representative zircons from the Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic sequences in Eastern Yidun subterrane. The red and yellow circles represent the spot location for LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and Hf isotopic analyses, respectively.
Recurrent strokes and memory loss in a patient with triple-positive antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
Authors: Osuorji Chinenye , Bilal Jawad , Osuorji Ikenna
Published: March 2022

Antiphospholipid syndrome may cause recurrent thromboembolic events of the microvasculature, arteries and veins. It is also characterised by a range of neurological and psychiatric dysfunctions, as well as complications during pregnancy. Patients with triple-positive antiphospholipid syndrome have persistently elevated levels of lupus anticoagulant (LA), anti-beta-2-glycoprotein I (B2GPI) and anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL). These patients also have a higher risk of initial or recurrent thrombosis.

We report the case of a 36-year-old man who was presented with progressive memory loss and recurrent stroke. He had persistently elevated antiphospholipid antibody titres (LA, aCL-immunoglobulin G and B2GPI antibodies). These features persisted while the patient was receiving low-dose aspirin (LDA), 81mg daily. Vitamin K antagonist (VKA); warfarin, with the international normalised ratio (INR) maintained at 2–3 was then added to his treatment regimen. The VKA dose was maintained at - a higher therapeutic INR while LDA administration was continued to achieve resolution of the patient’s symptoms.
CD4 T cell dynamics shape the immune response to combination oncolytic herpes virus and BRAF inhibitor therapy for melanoma
Authors: Bozhanova Galabina , Hassan Jehanne , Appleton Lizzie , Jennings Victoria , Foo Shane , McLaughlin Martin , Chan Wah Hak Charleen ML , Patin Emmanuel C , Crespo-Rodriguez Eva , Baker Gabby , Armstrong Edward , Chiu Matthew , Pandha Hardev , Samson Adel , Roulstone Victoria , Kyula Joan , Vile Richard , Errington-Mais Fiona , Pedersen Malin , Harrington Kevin , Ono Masahiro , Melcher Alan
Published: March 2022

Background

Combination herpes simplex virus (HSV) oncolytic virotherapy and BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) represent promising immunogenic treatments for BRAF mutant melanoma, but an improved understanding of the immunobiology of combinations is needed to improve on the benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI).

Methods

Using a BRAFV600E-driven murine melanoma model, we tested the immunogenicity of HSV/BRAFi in immunocompetent C57BL mice. In addition to standard FACS analysis, we used the ‘Timer of Cell Kinetics and Activity’ system, which can analyze the temporal dynamics of different T cell subsets. This immune data was used to inform the selection of ICI for triple combination therapy, the effects of which were then further characterized using transcriptomics.

Results

Adding BRAFi treatment to HSV improved anti-tumor effects in vivo but not in vitro. Immune characterization showed HSV or dual therapy led to fewer intratumoral Treg, although with a more activated phenotype, together with more effector CD8 +T cells. Tocky analysis further showed that HSV/BRAFi dual treatment reduced the Tocky signal (reflecting engagement with cognate antigen), in both Treg and conventional subsets of CD4+, but not in CD8 +cells. However, a higher percentage of Treg than of conventional CD4 +maintained frequent engagement with antigens on treatment, reflecting a predominance of suppressive over effector function within the CD4 +compartment. The only T cell subset which correlated with a reduction in tumor growth was within Tocky signal positive conventional CD4+, supporting their therapeutic role. Targeting CD25 high, antigen-engaged Treg with a depleting anti-CD25 ICI, achieved complete cures in 100% of mice with triple therapy. Transcriptomic analysis confirmed reduction in Foxp3 on addition of anti-CD25 to HSV/BRAFi, as well as increases in expression of genes reflecting interferon signaling and cytotoxic activity.

Conclusions

Combination HSV/BRAFi is an immunogenic therapy for BRAF mutant melanoma, but cannot fully control tumors. Dual therapy results in changes in T cell dynamics within tumors, with relatively maintained antigen signaling in Treg compared with conv CD4+. Antigen-engaged CD4 +effectors correlate with tumor growth control, and depletion of Treg by addition of an anti-CD25 ICI, releasing suppression of conventional CD4 +effectors by Treg, enhances survival and activates immune signaling within tumors.
Evaluating Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) response to artificial light in support of bycatch mitigation
Authors: Yochum Noëlle , Bryan David R. , Britt Lyle L. , Berejikian Barry A. , Haehn Rebecca , McEntire Scott , Towler Rick , Atkins Jeff , Gadberry Brad , Irvin Paul
Published: March 2022

In commercial trawl fisheries in the North Pacific and US West Coast, fishermen and scientists are evaluating if artificial lights facilitate escapement of bycaught Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the trawl by attracting them to an opening provided by a bycatch reduction device. Inconsistent behaviour and escapement rates when lights were used in the trawl led us to conduct a laboratory study to evaluate the role of light properties (intensity, colour, and strobe) on marine Chinook salmon behaviour. Results from this study suggest a negative phototactic response. Light colour and strobe, and the interaction between them, differentially affected behavioural response with regard to mean swimming speed and distance from and habituation to the light. White light intensity had limited influence on response; however, the range of trialed intensities was limited. While behaviour is contextual and responses in a laboratory setting cannot be directly extrapolated to responses in fishing gear, this study highlights the significant role of light properties when trying to affect behaviour for bycatch mitigation and the importance of distinguishing between a response to light and to illuminated surroundings.
Aerodynamic Characteristics of Express Freight Train on Bridges Based on Wind Tunnel Tests
Authors: Wen Jingcheng , Li Qi , Zhao Lin , Huang Qi , Lu Zhenggang
Published: March 2022

The express freight trains are being developed rapidly in China, and they have the characteristics of smaller axle weight and higher velocity compared with the normal freight trains. The running safety of the trains on the bridge is significantly affected by the strong crosswind, which may cause overturning accidents in severe cases. The wind tunnel tests of the express freight train–bridge scale models are conducted in this study to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicles when they run on the box girder bridge and the double-deck steel truss bridge. The uniform flow and the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) flow are constructed respectively to compare the differences of the aerodynamic characteristics under different flow fields. The test results show that the distribution of pressure coefficients on the car body is related to the type of test flow field and bridge, and it is also greatly affected by the running position on the bridge as well as the location of the vehicle in the train. The magnitude of the side force coefficients and the rolling moment coefficients of the vehicle on the steel truss bridge are less than those on the box girder bridge. The influence of the flow field type on the side force coefficients of the middle vehicle is slightly larger than that of the tail vehicle, but it has a low correlation with the type of bridge. When the vehicle is on the windward track of the bridge, the values of power spectral density (PSD) of the side force are larger than those on the leeward track. The results provide data support for the running safety research of the express freight trains and reference for the railway vehicle wind tunnel test method.
Seismic Response on Soil–Structure Interaction of Asymmetric Plan Buildings with Active Tuned Mass Dampers
Authors: Vanshaj Kumar , Shukla Aravind Kumar , Shukla Mukesh
Published: March 2022

Many studies on structural control have been done in recent decades to enhance the safety and serviceability of high-rise structures or towers against earthquakes and severe winds. Because most structures have an unbalanced layout, when they are exposed to an earthquake, they undergo torsion effects, which exacerbate the structural reaction. Also, such structures might be built on soft soil, where the influence of the Soil–Structure Interaction (SSI) would be significant. Thus, taking into account the SSI effect, a mathematical model is developed in this study to determine the seismic performance of an irregular multi-story structure with Active Tuned Mass Dampers (ATMDs) at the top floor. The results were produced utilizing MATLAB/SIMULINK software using the proposed hybrid Shallow Neural Network (SNN) technology and Shuffled Shepherd Optimization (SSO). The seismic response of 40-story asymmetric project buildings is studied using this model. The findings showed that using ATMDs on the higher floors of 40-story structures on soft soil reduced the produced structural reflexes. When compared to the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Ant Lion Optimization (ALO) algorithms, the suggested technique outperforms them both.
3D FULLY CONVOLUTIONAL NETWORK FOR THORAX MULTI-ORGANS SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION
Authors: WU QIAN , CHEN QI , YU YONGJIAN , FAN LIANGJUN
Published: March 2022

Automatically delineating Organs-at-Risks (OARs) on computed tomography (CT) has the benefit of both reducing the time and improving the quality of radiotherapy (RT) planning. A 3D convolutional deep learning framework for multi-organs segmentation is proposed in this work; moreover, for the small volume OARs, a robust 3D squeeze-and-excitation (SE) feature extraction mechanism and a new Dice loss function are incorporated in the traditional 3D U-Net. We collected 60 thorax CT images set with annotations and expanded to 260 patients by the augmented method of randomly rotating [Formula: see text]6 degrees with a 1/3 probability and adding Gaussian noise. The objective is to segment five important organs: esophagus, spinal cord, heart, and bilateral lungs. Compared with 3D U-Net, 3D-2D U-Net proposed in our work increases the Dice similarity coefficient by 5% on average for the heart and bilateral lungs, and 3D Small Volume U-Net can further increase the Dice similarity coefficient to above 80% for the spinal cord. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed model can improve the delineation accuracy of OARs from CT images.
EFFECT OF GRAIN-BOUNDARY SEGREGATION ON LOW-TEMPERATURE DEGRADATION OF ORAL 3Y-TZP CERAMICS CO-DOPED WITH GEO2AND TIO2
Authors: WANG ZHENHUA , ZHOU ZHIWEI , LI YIFAN , NIU WANQIONG , REN LIJUAN
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To explore the improvement of its low temperature aging resistance by co-doping oral 3Y-TZP with TiO2and GeO2. Methods: After the samples of 3Y-TZP co-doped with GeO2and TiO2were prepared by mechanical ball milling, drying, and pressureless sintering, the microstructure was studied by scanning transmission electron microscope, energy spectrometer, and high angle annular dark field detector. After treatment in the autoclave, the conversion of all samples was measured by XRD. Results: After mechanical ball milling for 24 hours, the particle size of the composite powder of 3Y-TZP co-doped with GeO2and TiO2is uniform, distributed at about 50[Formula: see text]nm, the particle shape is basically spherical, the dispersion is good, but there is a small amount of agglomeration; Tetravalent stabilizers (Ge[Formula: see text], Ti[Formula: see text]) can inhibit the low-temperature aging effect of zirconia materials. With the increase of germanium oxide doping, the hydrothermal degradation resistance of zirconia can be improved. GeO2doped 3Y-TZP has better low temperature aging resistance than TiO2doped 3Y-TZP. With the increase of dopant content, the degree of grain boundary segregation increases, but even if the doping amount of Ge[Formula: see text] is small, the degree of grain boundary segregation can be comparable to that of Ti[Formula: see text] with a large doping amount. Conclusion: In this paper, the composite powder of 3Y-TZP co-doped with GeO2and TiO2with uniform particle size and good dispersion was prepared by mechanical ball milling. The preparation process is simple, the energy consumption is low, and the cumbersome processes of the co-precipitation method and liquid-phase method are avoided. On the other hand, adding GeO2and TiO2can enhance the low-temperature aging resistance of 3Y-TZP ceramics. GeO2is superior to TiO2in low-temperature degradation resistance, which can be used as the first choice. This study contributes to the research on doping cations of dental zirconia and provides a reference for dentists to choose a reasonable zirconia material.
Effective College English Teaching Based on Teacher-student Interactive Model
Authors: Fang Hui , Shi Hongmei , Zhang Jiuzhou , Karuppiah Marimuthu
Published: March 2022

English has become an utterly crucial device to take part in global verbal exchange and competition. It is essential to enhance English teaching's flexibility to meet the desires to improve the market economy. Therefore, powerful coaching strategies and language identification are considered challenging factors in existing methods. The proposed model includes hypothesized relationships among college students' conception of learning English, their perceptions of the study room environment, and their approaches to learning. They are examined using the Pre-trained Teacher–Student Fixed Interactive Model (PTSFIM). This model proposes a new way to develop the teaching process providing the baseline of record excellence towards a strategic performance control framework for an institute. The traditional strategies emphasize the benefits of the interactive approach and accentuate their effectiveness through Structural Multivariate Equation (SME) analysis in enhancing students' innovative thinking, research, and reasoning abilities. The reciprocal instructional analysis optimizes students' models to memorize for a longer duration. The evaluation of the study's outcomes suggests that interactive learning can assist college students that predict different results in participating inside the speech system and gain the best knowledge. The simulation analysis is performed based on accuracy, performance, and efficiency proves the reliability of the proposed framework.
A Highly Compatible Verification Framework with Minimal Upgrades to Secure an Existing Edge Network
Authors: Li Zhenyu , Ding Yong , Gao Honghao , Qu Bo , Wang Yujue , Li Jun
Published: March 2022

Edge networks are providing services for an increasing number of companies, and they can be used for communication between edge devices and edge gateways. However, the performance of edge devices varies greatly, and it is not easy to upgrade low-performance edge devices. Therefore, cyber attackers can use the vulnerability of edge devices to implement advanced persistent threat attacks. This article proposes a network verification framework for edge networks that can minimize the upgrades needed to strengthen edge network security. First, the communication parties use the data transmitted by the given edge network. Our method uses our proposed PacketVerifier to attach verification information to the packet after it is sent and to verify and restore the packet before it reaches the receiver. Second, due to the performance requirements of edge networks, we design a new data processing structure, namely, a sliding window double ring, to improve the performance of strict sequential protocols in parallel validation. Finally, experimental simulations show that our parallel processing algorithm has good performance in terms of network bandwidth compared with two existing packet processing algorithms. Furthermore, the proposed packet with verification information is compatible with the existing network topology, which helps PacketVerifier establish trustworthy transmission in a zero-trust environment.
Revisiting Negative Sampling vs. Non-sampling in Implicit Recommendation
Authors: Chen Chong , Ma Weizhi , Zhang Min , Wang Chenyang , Liu Yiqun , Ma Shaoping
Published: March 2022

Recommendation systems play an important role in alleviating the information overload issue. Generally, a recommendation model is trained to discern between positive (liked) and negative (disliked) instances for each user. However, under the open-world assumption, there are only positive instances but no negative instances from users’ implicit feedback, which poses the imbalanced learning challenge of lacking negative samples. To address this, two types of learning strategies have been proposed before, the negative sampling strategy and non-sampling strategy. The first strategy samples negative instances from missing data (i.e., unlabeled data), while the non-sampling strategy regards all the missing data as negative. Although learning strategies are known to be essential for algorithm performance, the in-depth comparison of negative sampling and non-sampling has not been sufficiently explored by far. To bridge this gap, we systematically analyze the role of negative sampling and non-sampling for implicit recommendation in this work. Specifically, we first theoretically revisit the objection of negative sampling and non-sampling. Then, with a careful setup of various representative recommendation methods, we explore the performance of negative sampling and non-sampling in different scenarios. Our results empirically show that although negative sampling has been widely applied to recent recommendation models, it is non-trivial for uniform sampling methods to show comparable performance to non-sampling learning methods. Finally, we discuss the scalability and complexity of negative sampling and non-sampling and present some open problems and future research topics that are worth being further explored.
An Axiomatic Perspective on the Performance Effects of End-Host Path Selection
Authors: Scherrer Simon , Legner Markus , Perrig Adrian , Schmid Stefan
Published: March 2022

In various contexts of networking research, end-host path selection has recently regained momentum as a design principle. While such path selection has the potential to increase performance and security of networks, there is a prominent concern that it could also lead to network instability (i.e., flow-volume oscillation) if paths are selected in a greedy, load-adaptive fashion. However, the extent and the impact vectors of instability caused by path selection are rarely concretized or quantified, which is essential to discuss the merits and drawbacks of end-host path selection.

In this work, we investigate the effect of end-host path selection on various metrics of networks both qualitatively and quantitatively. To achieve general and fundamental insights, we leverage the recently introduced axiomatic perspective on congestion control and adapt it to accommodate joint algorithms for path selection and congestion control, i.e., multi-path congestion-control protocols. Using this approach, we identify equilibria of the multi-path congestioncontrol dynamics and analytically characterize these equilibria with respect to important metrics of interest in networks (the "axioms") such as efficiency, fairness, and loss avoidance. We analyze how these axiomatic ratings for a general network change compared to a scenario without path selection, thereby obtaining an interpretable and quantititative formalization of the performance impact of end-host path-selection. Finally, we show that there is a fundamental trade-off in multi-path congestion-control protocol design between efficiency, stability, and loss avoidance on one side and fairness and responsiveness on the other side.
Review—A Conceptual Analysis on Ceramic Materials Used for Dental Practices: Manufacturing Techniques and Microstructure
Authors: Kandavalli Sumanth Ratna , Kandavalli Sunanda Ratna , Ruban Rajesh S. , Lo Chih Hung , Kumar Ravinder , Elshalakany Abou Bakr , Pruncu Catalin I.
Published: March 2022

In the era of biomaterials evolution, ceramic materials are playing a notable role in dental practices. Ceramics have been used in dental applications for several decades because of its important properties such as suitable biological incorporation into human body, surface colouration, enhanced surface morphology, mechanical characteristics, physiochemical integration, durability and lifespan. There are numerous complications in the fabrication and production of ceramics by manufacturers. Therefore, many research and development has been performed to further improve and understand the manufacturing mechanism that occurs on the ceramic materials. These efforts are not only able to improve the fundamental understanding of the material but also help to meet the customer satisfaction and quality of production. This review article mainly provides an insight of various ceramic materials with a focus on their properties including stability, strength, and heat resistance. It is corroborated with a detailed account of various ceramic fabrication processing techniques with their applications that include sol-gel casting, hot pressing and phase inversion methods. In summary, some critical suggestions as well as detailed scope of future aspects and frontiers have been outlined to provide robust improvements for research and development platforms.
Apparent Strain Measurement of Ankle Joint in Football Sports Based on Data Mining Algorithm
Authors: Zhu Jiaju , Zhang Meng
Published: March 2022

It is a very common phenomenon to have ankle injuries during sports. Therefore, the detection of ankle injuries has become a concern theme of scholars. It is of great significance to realize the ankle apparent strain measurement quickly in colleges and universities. In this paper, a data mining algorithm-based approach to measuring the apparent strain of the ankle joint in football sports is proposed. This paper first analyzes and integrates the research results of scholars and then expounds from the two aspects of data mining and ankle apparent strain measurement. The method is introduced in detail, and the principle of apparent strain measurement is explained by the formula. The feasibility and robustness of the research scheme are then demonstrated through specific experimental data. The data showed that there was a difference between the boy group and the girl group in the time of jumping, kicking, and reaching the ground (significant level

P
=
0.026

).
Data Fusion Model for High-Tech Products Marketing
Authors: Dai Weidong , Li Tiexin
Published: March 2022

Product differentiation is one of the highlights of the success of today’s increasingly competitive marketing. This article aims to study the construction of differentiated marketing strategies for high-tech products. This paper proposes to investigate and study customers, high-tech industry workers and leaders, etc., through the analysis of massive data, introduce the concept of data fusion and the weighting algorithm for data fusion, introduce DS evidence theory to judge the accuracy of the data on this basis, make the data more real and clean up abnormal data, perform relevant data processing on the determined data, and calculate and analyze the data differences of relevant groups. It also proposes to refer to the characteristics of high-tech products, understand the characteristics and implementation directions of differentiated marketing, draw differences between different groups, summarize customer characteristics and marketing directions, so as to trace the needs of customer groups, find customer pain points and difficulties, pinpoint product positioning, and achieve the goal of differentiated marketing. The experimental results of this paper show that big data fusion analysis can find customers in a targeted manner and polish the highlights of high-tech products. Compared with previous results, the performance is improved by more than 30%. Consumer satisfaction increased by more than 20%.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Malaria Infection among Outpatients Visiting Shewa Robit Health Center, Northcentral Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Azene , Teshome Tadegew
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Malaria infection is a serious health problem killing millions in tropical developing countries including Ethiopia. The present study focused on assessing malaria prevalence and identification of determinants in Shewa Robit, northcentral Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 participants who visited Shewa Robit Health Center between 01/10/2017 and 30/04/2018, using a simple random sampling. Sociodemographic characteristics were recorded using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and infection was confirmed by microscopic examination. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and

p
<
0.05

was used to indicate the level of significance. Results. Eighty-one (19.0%) microscopically confirmed malaria cases were recorded, P.vivax was the most frequently detected species (n = 58; 71.6%). Interestingly, 73.2% (n = 309) of the participant did not utilize LLINs due to the fear of toxicity (37.4%, n = 158), misconception (21.6%, n = 91), and shortage (14.2%, n = 60). The data showed age, gender, marital status, family size, usage of LLINs and application of IRS, proximity to mosquito breeding sites and less robust and porous walls were the determinants of the infection in the study area. Conclusion. The prevalence of malaria in the study population was high and P. vivax being the most common causative agent. Environmental and behavioral factors related to LLIN are the potential determinants of malaria. Continued public health interventions, targeting proper utilization of bed nets, drainage of stagnant water, and improved public awareness about reducing the risk of insect bites have the potential to minimize the infection.
Evaluation of Immune Infiltration Based on Image Plus Helps Predict the Prognosis of Stage III Gastric Cancer Patients with Significantly Different Outcomes in Northeastern China
Authors: Fang Tianyi , Wang Zhidong , Yin Xin , Wang Hao , Zhang Lei , Lin Xuan , Zhang Xinghai , Wang Yimin , Xue Yingwei
Published: March 2022

Gastric cancer (GC) might have significantly different outcomes within the same AJCC/UICC-TNM stage. The purpose of this study is to help predict the different prognosis through the pattern of immune cell infiltration. We retrospectively analyzed 2605 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy in the Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital between 2002 and 2013. For stage III with significantly different survival probability, we analyzed the relationship between immune cell surface antigen and survival in TCGA dataset. Furthermore, 200 cases in stage III GC with different survival outcomes were randomly selected for immunohistochemical verification. Image Plus software was used to evaluate the area of immune cell infiltration. We found that patients in stage III had significantly different outcomes. Bioinformatics analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between the expression of immune cell surface antigen and prognosis. In order to investigate whether immune infiltration can distinguish GC patients in stage III with differences in prognosis, we verified by immunohistochemistry that CD4+ T cells, CD20+ B cells, and CD177+ neutrophils infiltrated more in group B with better prognosis; CD8+ T cells, CD68+ macrophages, and CD117+ mast cells infiltrated more in group A with poor prognosis. CD117+ mast cells have the same trend of predicting significance for prognosis in the RNA and protein levels. In conclusion, patients with GC in northeastern China have significant prognostic differences only in stage III. CD117+ mast cells may be important evaluation factors in further studies of Immunoscore.
Countermeasures for Urban Traffic Congestion in China from the Perspective of System Dynamics
Authors: Zhang Wenjing
Published: March 2022

In recent years, urban traffic congestion has seriously affected the healthy development of urbanization in China. And many measures to combat congestion have had little effect . The purpose of this paper is to find out the most reasonable and sustainable measures to control traffic congestion . Based on the theory of system dynamics, this study constructs a model of the formation mechanism of urban traffic congestion in China, and analyzes the thinking error of the traditional strategy of “building roads to eliminate traffic congestion” This study includes the current policy measures to control traffic congestion in the system dynamics model and analyzes the influence of each measure on the formation mechanism of urban traffic congestion. Then, it critiques the unsustainability of rigid policies, such as the vehicle number limit and the “similar road building to control traffic congestion” policies. This study reveals that of the five policies adopted by the government to alleviate traffic congestion, and come to the conclusion: the “sparse block collocation” policy is the most sustainable and fundamental congestion control measure. To achieve efficient traffic congestion control and support the healthy development of urbanization in China in the future, the government should increase the balance of infrastructure investment to improve the slow environment of public transport, adhere to public transport-oriented land development policies, raise the cost of motor vehicle travel, and promote urban traffic.
On the Planarity of Extended Zero-Divisor Graphs of Local Rings
Authors: Binyamin Muhammad Ahsan , Chaudry Sheroz Alam , Abbasi Muhammad Salman , Alameri Abdu
Published: March 2022

Let

R

be a commutative ring with unity

1
≠
0

. Recently Bennis et al. defined the concept of extended zero-divisor graph

Γ
¯

R

by considering the vertex set

V

Γ
¯

R

=

Z

∗

R

and any two vertices

x

and

y

are adjacent if there exist positive integers

m

and

n

, such that

x

m

y

n

=
0

with

x

m

≠
0

and

y

n

≠
0

. The main objective of this article is to check the planar property of extended zero-divisor graphs. Also, a complete list of local rings up to order 27 with planar extended zero-divisor graphs has been collected.
Endoscopy-Assisted Laparoscopic versus Laparoscopic Surgery for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor and the Impact on Patients’ Coagulation, Surgical Condition, and Complications
Authors: Liu Licheng , Dai Anna
Published: March 2022

Objective. To assess the clinical efficiency of endoscopy-assisted laparoscopic versus laparoscopic surgery for gastrointestinal stromal tumors and the impact on patients’ coagulation, surgical condition, and complications. Methods. Between November 2016 and May 2020, 126 eligible patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in our institution were recruited. They were concurrently randomly assigned at a ratio of 1 : 1 to receive either laparoscopic gastrectomy (reference group) or endoscopy-assisted laparoscopic gastrectomy (research group). The two groups were compared in terms of patients’ coagulation function, surgical conditions, and complications. Results. The two groups had similar preoperative coagulation indices and the postoperative levels of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thromboplastin time (TT) (

P
>
0.05

). Compared with the reference group, the research group showed lower PT levels (10.48 ± 0.68 vs. 11.97 ± 0.46) and higher FIB levels (0.67 ± 0.11 vs. 0.29 ± 0.07) (

P
<
0.05

). Compared with the reference group, the study group had shorter operative time (81.21 ± 10.24 min versus 98.98 ± 15.31 min), shorter surgical incision (3.63 ± 1.12 cm versus 5.01 ± 1.14 cm), and less intraoperative bleeding (18.74 ± 6.98 ml versus 58.69 ± 15.87 ml) (

P
<
0.05

). A markedly shorter length of hospital stay, time to the first postoperative exhaustion, and duration of drainage tube and gastric tube dwelling were observed in the research group versus the reference group (

P
<
0.05

). The study group presented higher nutritional levels of patients at 3 days after surgery and a lower incidence of complication. Conclusion. Endoscopy-assisted laparoscopic treatment shows significant improvements in the efficiency of minimally invasive surgery and ensures a better prognosis and quality of life of patients with a good safety profile, so it is worthy of clinical application.
Study on Reasonable Chain Pillar Size in a Thick Coal Seam
Authors: Zhang Kun , Wu Fengfeng , Yue Xin
Published: March 2022

In order to solve the problem of low coal recovery rate caused by leaving large coal pillars in deep mines, the study determined the reasonable width of the section pillar, which based on the theory of coal pillar stress distribution, taking the 4102 headgate of Wenjiapo coal mine as the engineering background. Field monitoring and numerical simulation results show that the influence range of the lateral abutment pressure in the goaf is 50~56 m, and the abutment stress distribution in the coal pillar resembles a hump with two peaks of 38.9 MPa and 33.6 MPa, respectively. The positions of the double peaks are located at 12 m and 36 m in the coal pillar, respectively. In the range of “hump,” the section pillar vertical stress is in the original rock stress and is relatively stable. It can be regarded as an elastic zone in the coal pillar with strong bearing capacity, the coal in other areas have already undergone plastic yielding, and the bearing capacity has been reduced; the width of coal pillars in the determined section has been reduced from 46 m to 33 m, which is a reduction of 13 m. The research results have been applied in the 4106 headgate in the same mining area, and good test results have been obtained. The maximum subsidence of the roof-to-floor and rib-to-rib convergence is 286 mm and 150 mm, this indicates that its deformation was within the allowable limits, and the cross-section area was sufficient to satisfy the requirements.
Quality Improvement in Vegetable Greenhouse by Cadmium Pollution Remediation
Authors: Yu Zhihui , Tang Jie
Published: March 2022

Greenhouse vegetable production (GVP) has grown in importance as a source of public vegetable consumption as well as income for farmers. Due to the high cropping index, substantial agricultural input, and confined environment, numerous contaminants can accumulate in GVP. Polluted soil is treated with metal cadmium pollution remediation technology in order to improve the quality of vegetable greenhouse soil and increase crop yields. The heavy metal cadmium-contaminated soil in vegetable greenhouses is rectified utilizing three methods: chemical remediation, bioremediation, and physical remediation. Soil restoration with broom sedge planting might result in a 9.78 percent reduction in cadmium pollution. Planting broom sedge has a root > stem > leaf effect on pollution remediation. The elimination of cadmium from the soil around the anode can be as high as 75.1 percent. The clearance rate of the soil near the anode was 75.1 percent and 77.9 percent, respectively, when the anode cadmium mass fraction dropped fast. Hence this paper focuses on the reduction of cadmium pollution to improve the quality of GVP crop to yield more benefit. Chemical leaching is faster, more efficient, and less dangerous, with a higher application value. The approach of bioremediation is of low cost and creates no secondary contaminants. Physical electrodynamics is easy to understand and has a distinct effect.