bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Electromechanical Coupling of Piezoelectric Bending Actuators
Authors: Nabawy Mostafa , Crowther William
Published: January 2016

Electromechanical coupling defines the ratio of electrical and mechanical energy exchanged during a flexure cycle of a piezoelectric actuator. This paper presents an analysis of the dynamic electromechanical coupling factor (dynamic EMCF) for cantilever based piezoelectric actuators and provides for the first time explicit expressions for calculation of dynamic EMCF based on arrangement of passive and active layers, layer geometry, and active and passive materials selection. Three main cantilever layer configurations are considered: unimorph, dual layer bimorph and triple layer bimorph. The actuator is modeled using standard constitutive dynamic equations that relate deflection and charge to force and voltage. A mode shape formulation is used for the cantilever dynamics that allows the generalized mass to be the actual mass at the first resonant frequency, removing the need for numerical integration in the design process. Results are presented in the form of physical insight from the model structure and also numerical evaluations of the model to provide trends in dynamic EMCF with actuator design parameters. For given material properties of the active and passive layers and given system overall damping ratio, the triple layer bimorph topology is the best in terms of theoretically achievable dynamic EMCF, followed by the dual layer bimorph. For a damping ratio of 0.035, the dynamic EMCF for an example dual layer bimorph configuration is 9% better than for a unimorph configuration. For configurations with a passive layer, the ratio of thicknesses for the passive and active layers is the primary geometric design variable. Choice of passive layer stiffness (Young’s modulus) relative to the stiffness of the material in the active layer is an important materials related design choice. For unimorph configurations, it is beneficial to use the highest stiffness possible passive material, whereas for triple layer bimorph configurations, the passive material should have a low stiffness. In all cases, increasing the transverse electromechanical coupling coefficient of the active material improves the dynamic EMCF.
Biocompatible 3D Matrix with Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Ion Alberto , Andronescu Ecaterina , Rădulescu Dragoș , Rădulescu Marius , Iordache Florin , Vasile Bogdan , Surdu Adrian , Albu Madalina , Maniu Horia , Chifiriuc Mariana , Grumezescu Alexandru , Holban Alina
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study was to develop, characterize and assess the biological activity of a new regenerative 3D matrix with antimicrobial properties, based on collagen (COLL), hydroxyapatite (HAp), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and usnic acid (UA). The prepared 3D matrix was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Microscopy (FT-IRM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). In vitro qualitative and quantitative analyses performed on cultured diploid cells demonstrated that the 3D matrix is biocompatible, allowing the normal development and growth of MG-63 osteoblast-like cells and exhibited an antimicrobial effect, especially on the Staphylococcus aureus strain, explained by the particular higher inhibitory activity of usnic acid (UA) against Gram positive bacterial strains. Our data strongly recommend the obtained 3D matrix to be used as a successful alternative for the fabrication of three dimensional (3D) anti-infective regeneration matrix for bone tissue engineering.
Coupling of Nanocrystalline Anatase TiO2 to Porous Nanosized LaFeO3 for Efficient Visible-Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Pollutants
Authors: Humayun Muhammad , Li Zhijun , Sun Liqun , Zhang Xuliang , Raziq Fazal , Zada Amir , Qu Yang , Jing Liqiang
Published: January 2016

In this work we have successfully fabricated nanocrystalline anatase TiO2/perovskite-type porous nanosized LaFeO3 (T/P-LFO) nanocomposites using a simple wet chemical method. It is clearly demonstrated by means of atmosphere-controlled steady-state surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) responses, photoluminescence spectra, and fluorescence spectra related to the formed OH− radical amount that the photogenerated charge carriers in the resultant T/P-LFO nanocomposites with a proper mole ratio percentage of TiO2 display much higher separation in comparison to the P-LFO alone. This is highly responsible for the improved visible-light activities of T/P-LFO nanocomposites for photocatalytic degradation of gas-phase acetaldehyde and liquid-phase phenol. This work will provide a feasible route to synthesize visible-light responsive nano-photocatalysts for efficient solar energy utilization.
DC-Compensated Current Transformer
Authors: Ripka Pavel , Draxler Karel , Styblíková Renata
Published: January 2016

Instrument current transformers (CTs) measure AC currents. The DC component in the measured current can saturate the transformer and cause gross error. We use fluxgate detection and digital feedback compensation of the DC flux to suppress the overall error to 0.15%. This concept can be used not only for high-end CTs with a nanocrystalline core, but it also works for low-cost CTs with FeSi cores. The method described here allows simultaneous measurements of the DC current component.
Realtime Gas Emission Monitoring at Hazardous Sites Using a Distributed Point-Source Sensing Infrastructure
Authors: Manes Gianfranco , Collodi Giovanni , Gelpi Leonardo , Fusco Rosanna , Ricci Giuseppe , Manes Antonio , Passafiume Marco
Published: January 2016

This paper describes a distributed point-source monitoring platform for gas level and leakage detection in hazardous environments. The platform, based on a wireless sensor network (WSN) architecture, is organised into sub-networks to be positioned in the plant’s critical areas; each sub-net includes a gateway unit wirelessly connected to the WSN nodes, hence providing an easily deployable, stand-alone infrastructure featuring a high degree of scalability and reconfigurability. Furthermore, the system provides automated calibration routines which can be accomplished by non-specialized maintenance operators without system reliability reduction issues. Internet connectivity is provided via TCP/IP over GPRS (Internet standard protocols over mobile networks) gateways at a one-minute sampling rate. Environmental and process data are forwarded to a remote server and made available to authenticated users through a user interface that provides data rendering in various formats and multi-sensor data fusion. The platform is able to provide real-time plant management with an effective; accurate tool for immediate warning in case of critical events.
A Pedestrian Detection Scheme Using a Coherent Phase Difference Method Based on 2D Range-Doppler FMCW Radar
Authors: Hyun Eugin , Jin Young-Seok , Lee Jong-Hun
Published: January 2016

For an automotive pedestrian detection radar system, fast-ramp based 2D range-Doppler Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar is effective for distinguishing between moving targets and unwanted clutter. However, when a weak moving target such as a pedestrian exists together with strong clutter, the pedestrian may be masked by the side-lobe of the clutter even though they are notably separated in the Doppler dimension. To prevent this problem, one popular solution is the use of a windowing scheme with a weighting function. However, this method leads to a spread spectrum, so the pedestrian with weak signal power and slow Doppler may also be masked by the main-lobe of clutter. With a fast-ramp based FMCW radar, if the target is moving, the complex spectrum of the range- Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is changed with a constant phase difference over ramps. In contrast, the clutter exhibits constant phase irrespective of the ramps. Based on this fact, in this paper we propose a pedestrian detection for highly cluttered environments using a coherent phase difference method. By detecting the coherent phase difference from the complex spectrum of the range-FFT, we first extract the range profile of the moving pedestrians. Then, through the Doppler FFT, we obtain the 2D range-Doppler map for only the pedestrian. To test the proposed detection scheme, we have developed a real-time data logging system with a 24 GHz FMCW transceiver. In laboratory tests, we verified that the signal processing results from the proposed method were much better than those expected from the conventional 2D FFT-based detection method.
EMD-Based Symbolic Dynamic Analysis for the Recognition of Human and Nonhuman Pyroelectric Infrared Signals
Authors: Zhao Jiaduo , Gong Weiguo , Tang Yuzhen , Li Weihong
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we propose an effective human and nonhuman pyroelectric infrared (PIR) signal recognition method to reduce PIR detector false alarms. First, using the mathematical model of the PIR detector, we analyze the physical characteristics of the human and nonhuman PIR signals; second, based on the analysis results, we propose an empirical mode decomposition (EMD)-based symbolic dynamic analysis method for the recognition of human and nonhuman PIR signals. In the proposed method, first, we extract the detailed features of a PIR signal into five symbol sequences using an EMD-based symbolization method, then, we generate five feature descriptors for each PIR signal through constructing five probabilistic finite state automata with the symbol sequences. Finally, we use a weighted voting classification strategy to classify the PIR signals with their feature descriptors. Comparative experiments show that the proposed method can effectively classify the human and nonhuman PIR signals and reduce PIR detector’s false alarms.
The Effect of Passengers on All-Terrain Vehicle Crash Mechanisms and Injuries
Authors: Jennissen Charles , Harland Karisa , Wetjen Kristel , Denning Gerene
Published: January 2016

Traditional all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) are designed for single riders. Although carrying passengers is a known risk factor for injury, how passengers contribute to ATV crashes remains poorly understood. To address this question, we performed a retrospective chart review of ATV crash victims at a U.S. trauma center (2002–2013). Of 537 cases, 20% were passengers or drivers with passengers. The odds of backward rollovers, falls/ejections, crashes on sloped terrain, and collisions with motorized vehicles were all significantly greater when passengers were present. In contrast, the odds of self-ejection or falls/ejections over the handlebars were significantly lower than falls/ejections to the side or rear, in crashes with multiple riders. Among all ejections, self-ejections had the lowest head and highest extremity injury scores and being ejected over the handlebars or to the rear resulted in worse head injury scores than being ejected to the side. In summary, our study found that passengers increased the odds of specific crash and injury mechanisms and that head and extremity injury severity varied by ejection type. Safety interventions including seat design changes that prevent carrying passengers, and a strict, well-enforced no-rider rule are needed to effectively prevent passenger–related deaths and injuries.
Release of Heavy Metals from the Pyrite Tailings of Huangjiagou Pyrite Mine: Batch Experiments
Authors: Fan Liangqian , Zhou Xi , Luo Hongbing , Deng Jie , Dai Li , Ju Zhengfu , Zhu Zhiming , Zou Likou , Ji Lin , Li Bei , Cheng Lin
Published: January 2016

To provide the basic information about the release of heavy metals from the pyrite tailings of Huangjiagou pyrite mine, the pyrite tailings were investigated through a series of batch experiments under different initial pH of extractant, temperature, liquid-solid (LS) ratio, and soaking time conditions. Moreover, calcium carbonate was added in the pyrite tailings to determine the reduction effect on the release of heavy metals. The results show that Fe, Cr, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Ni were the major heavy metals in the pyrite tailings. Low initial pH and high LS ratio significantly promoted Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn release, and high temperature significantly promoted Fe, Cu, Mn, and Ni release. Only small amounts of Cr were detected at low LS ratios. With the increase of soaking time, the released amount of Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn increased to the maximum value within 48 h, respectively. After adding calcium carbonate, the released amounts of Fe, Cu, and Zn reduced at least 70.80% within 48 h soaking time. The results indicate that summer and the early soaking stage are the main phases for the release of heavy metals from the pyrite tailings. In the pyrite tailings, Cr is difficult to release. Adding calcium carbonate can effectively reduce the release of Fe, Cu, and Zn.
Spatial Distribution of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Relation to Environmental Variables in Korean Nationwide Streams
Authors: Jun Yung-Chul , Kim Nan-Young , Kim Sang-Hun , Park Young-Seuk , Kong Dong-Soo , Hwang Soon-Jin
Published: January 2016

Conserving and enhancing freshwater biodiversity are global issues to ensure ecosystem integrity and sustainability. To meet this, it is critical to understand how the biological assemblages are determined by environmental gradients in different spatial scales. Nevertheless, information on their large-scale environmental relationships remains scarce in Korea. We aimed to understand nationwide spatial distribution patterns of benthic macroinvertebrates and important environmental factors affecting their distribution in 388 streams and rivers across Korea. A total of 340 taxa, belonging to 113 families in 23 orders of five phyla, were identified. Assemblage composition in most Korean streams included a few predominant colonizers and a majority of rare taxa. Cluster analysis based on benthic macroinvertebrates classified a total of 720 sampling sites into five clusters according to the pollution levels from fast-flowing less polluted streams with low electrical conductivity to moderately or severely polluted streams with high electrical conductivity and slow water velocity. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that altitude, water velocity and streambed composition were the most important determinants, rather than watershed and water chemistry variables, for explaining the variation in macroinvertebrate assemblage patterns. The results provide basic information for establishing the conservation and restoration strategies of macroinvertebrate biodiversity against anthropogenic disturbances and developing more confident bio-assessment tools for diagnosing stream ecosystem integrity.
The Diversiform Character of Diasporas Today: Mapping and Monitoring the Polymorphous and/or the Protean
Authors: Hollinshead Keith
Published: January 2016

This article is the first of a pair of manuscripts based on the assumption that different diaspora constitute various sorts of imagined communities that each comprise a dispersed association of ethnically and/or culturally and/or historically connected populations. These imagined but
spread peoples appear (on the surface) to exhibit—to various degrees—unified cross-national identifications, and tend to have experienced similar and often “difficult” heritages of displacement, travel, and migration, and are inclined to reflect like psychic and political
dynamics of memory and self-celebration. This first article is further predicated on the view, however, that the very concept of the imagined diasporic network (in tourism studies and related fields) generally gives rise to troubled ideas about enforced flight, reluctant scattering, and dislocated
wandering, and therefore demands rich and deep levels of interpretive perspicacity if the resultant conflictual identities and the involved indeterminacies of being are to be effectively mapped and deeply registered. It recognizes that these hard to decipher contingencies of identification
are nigh impossible to read in clear-cut absolute terms of nature or agreed inheritance, for each diaspora tends to be typified by and through idiosyncratic and hybridized cultural forms.
Anchoring to Identity Through Exploring Another Land: The Iranian Diaspora in New Zealand
Authors: Etemaddar Mitra , Tucker Hazel , Duncan Tara
Published: January 2016

Diasporas' travel back to their original home country has often been regarded as one of the main strategies diasporas employ to maintain their cultural ties with home, as well as to (re)connect with their identity. Questions remain, however, as to how these cultural and emotional needs
are met by diaspora populations who, for many reasons, either temporarily or permanently, are not able to travel back to their original homeland. Based on a qualitative study of a multiday domestic trip undertaken by a group of Iranian diaspora living in Dunedin, New Zealand, this article
illustrates how an Iranian community in New Zealand (re)connects with their identity and culture through domestic tourism within their country of settlement. The study shows how this group utilizes their sense of being together through the cultural milieu within a trip that allows for a process
of becoming in a new place. This article therefore offers alternative ways to understand identity maintenance for those in diaspora and, in so doing, challenges current dominant understandings of “diaspora tourism,” which tend to limit ideas of identity within diaspora to certain
forms of travel back to countries of origin.
A MULTIPLE SCATTERING POLARIZED RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL: APPLICATION TO HD 189733b
Authors: Kopparla Pushkar , Natraj Vijay , Zhang Xi , Swain Mark R. , Wiktorowicz Sloane J. , Yung Yuk L.
Published: January 2016

We present a multiple scattering vector radiative transfer model that produces disk integrated, full phase polarized light curves for reflected light from an exoplanetary atmosphere. We validate our model against results from published analytical and computational models and discuss a small number of cases relevant to the existing and possible near-future observations of the exoplanet HD 189733b. HD 189733b is arguably the most well observed exoplanet to date and the only exoplanet to be observed in polarized light, yet it is debated if the planet’s atmosphere is cloudy or clear. We model reflected light from clear atmospheres with Rayleigh scattering, and cloudy or hazy atmospheres with Mie and fractal aggregate particles. We show that clear and cloudy atmospheres have large differences in polarized light as compared to simple flux measurements, though existing observations are insufficient to make this distinction. Futhermore, we show that atmospheres that are spatially inhomogeneous, such as being partially covered by clouds or hazes, exhibit larger contrasts in polarized light when compared to clear atmospheres. This effect can potentially be used to identify patchy clouds in exoplanets. Given a set of full phase polarimetric measurements, this model can constrain the geometric albedo, properties of scattering particles in the atmosphere, and the longitude of the ascending node of the orbit. The model is used to interpret new polarimetric observations of HD 189733b in a companion paper.
SECOND EPOCH HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF KEPLER’S SUPERNOVA REMNANT: THE PROPER MOTIONS OF BALMER FILAMENTS*
Authors: Sankrit Ravi , Raymond John C. , Blair William P. , Long Knox S. , Williams Brian J. , Borkowski Kazimierz J. , Patnaude Daniel J. , Reynolds Stephen P.
Published: January 2016

We report on the proper motions of Balmer-dominated filaments in Kepler’s supernova remnant using high resolution images obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope at two epochs separated by about 10 years. We use the improved proper motion measurements and revised values of shock velocities to derive a distance to Kepler of

kpc. The main shock around the northern rim of the remnant has a typical speed of 1690 km s−1 and is encountering material with densities of about 8 cm−3. We find evidence for the variation of shock properties over small spatial scales, including differences in the driving pressures as the shock wraps around a curved cloud surface. We find that the Balmer filaments ahead of the ejecta knot on the northwest boundary of the remnant are becoming fainter and more diffuse. We also find that the Balmer filaments associated with circumstellar material in the interior regions of the remnant are due to shocks with significantly lower velocities and that the brightness variations among these filaments trace the density distribution of the material, which may have a disk-like geometry.
3D SIMULATIONS OF REALISTIC POWER HALOS IN MAGNETOHYDROSTATIC SUNSPOT ATMOSPHERES: LINKING THEORY AND OBSERVATION
Authors: Rijs Carlos , Rajaguru S. P. , Przybylski Damien , Moradi Hamed , Cally Paul S. , Shelyag Sergiy
Published: January 2016

The well-observed acoustic halo is an enhancement in time-averaged Doppler velocity and intensity power with respect to quiet-Sun values that is prominent for the weak and highly inclined field around the penumbra of sunspots and active regions. We perform 3D linear wave modeling with realistic distributed acoustic sources in a magnetohydrostatic sunspot atmosphere and compare the resultant simulation enhancements with multiheight SDO observations of the phenomenon. We find that simulated halos are in good qualitative agreement with observations. We also provide further proof that the underlying process responsible for the halo is the refraction and return of fast magnetic waves that have undergone mode conversion at the critical a = c atmospheric layer. In addition, we also find strong evidence that fast Alfvén mode conversion plays a significant role in the structure of the halo, taking energy away from photospheric and chromospheric heights in the form of field-aligned Alfvén waves. This conversion process may explain the observed “dual-ring” halo structure at higher (>8 mHz) frequencies.
DEEP NEAR-IR OBSERVATIONS OF THE GLOBULAR CLUSTER M4: HUNTING FOR BROWN DWARFS
Authors: Dieball A. , Bedin L. R. , Knigge C. , Rich R. M. , Allard F. , Dotter A. , Richer H. , Zurek D.
Published: January 2016

We present an analysis of deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Wide Field Camera 3 near-IR (NIR) imaging data of the globular cluster (GC) M4. The best-photometry NIR color–magnitude diagram (CMD) clearly shows the main sequence extending toward the expected end of the hydrogen-burning limit and going beyond this point toward fainter sources. The white dwarf (WD) sequence can be identified. As such, this is the deepest NIR CMD of a GC to date. Archival HST optical data were used for proper-motion cleaning of the CMD and for distinguishing the WDs from brown dwarf (BD) candidates. Detection limits in the NIR are around F110W ≈ 26.5 mag and F160W ≈ 27 mag, and in the optical around F775W ≈ 28 mag. Comparing our observed CMDs with theoretical models, we conclude that we have reached beyond the H-burning limit in our NIR CMD and are probably just above or around this limit in our optical–NIR CMDs. Thus, any faint NIR sources that have no optical counterpart are potential BD candidates, since the optical data are not deep enough to detect them. We visually inspected the positions of NIR sources that are fainter than the H-burning limit in F110W and for which the optical photometry did not return a counterpart. We found in total five sources for which we did not get an optical measurement. For four of these five sources, a faint optical counterpart could be visually identified, and an upper optical magnitude was estimated. Based on these upper optical magnitude limits, we conclude that one source is likely a WD, one source could be either a WD or BD candidate, and the remaining two sources agree with being BD candidates. No optical counterpart could be detected for just one source, which makes this source a good BD candidate. We conclude that we found in total four good BD candidates.
THE CHEMICAL HOMOGENEITY OF OPEN CLUSTERS
Authors: Bovy Jo
Published: January 2016

Determining the level of chemical homogeneity in open clusters is of fundamental importance in the study of the evolution of star-forming clouds and that of the Galactic disk. Yet limiting the initial abundance spread in clusters has been hampered by difficulties in obtaining consistent spectroscopic abundances for different stellar types. Without reference to any specific model of stellar photospheres, a model for a homogeneous cluster is that it forms a one-dimensional sequence, with any differences between members due to variations in stellar mass and observational uncertainties. I present a novel method for investigating the abundance spread in open clusters that tests this one-dimensional hypothesis at the level of observed stellar spectra, rather than constraining homogeneity using derived abundances as is traditionally done. Using high-resolution APOGEE spectra for 49 giants in M67, NGC 6819, and NGC 2420 I demonstrate that these spectra form one-dimensional sequences for each cluster. With detailed forward modeling of the spectra and Approximate Bayesian Computation, I derive strong limits on the initial abundance spread of 15 elements: <0.01 (0.02)

for C and Fe, ≲0.015 (0.03)

for N, O, Mg, Si, and Ni, ≲0.02 (0.03)

for Al, Ca, and Mn, and ≲0.03 (0.05)

for Na, S, K, Ti, and V (at 68% and 95% confidence, respectively). The strong limits on C and O imply that no pollution by massive core-collapse supernovae occurred during star formation in open clusters, which, thus, need to form within ≲6

. Further development of this and related techniques will bring the power of differential abundances to stars other than solar twins in large spectroscopic surveys and will help unravel the history of star formation and chemical enrichment in the Milky Way through chemical tagging.
VARIATIONS ON DEBRIS DISKS. III. COLLISIONAL CASCADES AND GIANT IMPACTS IN THE TERRESTRIAL ZONES OF SOLAR-TYPE STARS
Authors: Kenyon Scott J. , Bromley Benjamin C.
Published: January 2016

We analyze two new sets of coagulation calculations for solid particles orbiting within the terrestrial zone of a solar-type star. In models of collisional cascades, numerical simulations demonstrate that the total mass, the mass in 1 mm and smaller particles, and the dust luminosity decline with time more rapidly than predicted by analytic models,

with n ≈ 1.1–1.2 instead of 1. Size distributions derived from the numerical calculations follow analytic predictions at r ≲ 0.1 km but are shallower than predicted at larger sizes. In simulations of planet formation, the dust luminosity declines more slowly than in pure collisional cascades, with n ≈ 0.5–0.8 instead of 1.1–1.2. Throughout this decline, giant impacts produce large, observable spikes in dust luminosity that last ∼0.01–0.1 Myr and recur every 1–10 Myr. If most solar-type stars have Earth mass planets with a ≲1–2 AU, observations of debris around 1–100 Myr stars allow interesting tests of theory. Current data preclude theories where terrestrial planets form out of 1000 km or larger planetesimals. Although the observed frequency of debris disks among ≳30 Myr old stars agrees with our calculations, the observed frequency of warm debris among 5–20 Myr old stars is smaller than predicted.
“REFSDAL” MEETS POPPER: COMPARING PREDICTIONS OF THE RE-APPEARANCE OF THE MULTIPLY IMAGED SUPERNOVA BEHIND MACSJ1149.5+2223
Authors: Treu T. , Brammer G. , Diego J. M. , Grillo C. , Kelly P. L. , Oguri M. , Rodney S. A. , Rosati P. , Sharon K. , Zitrin A. , Balestra I. , Bradač M. , Broadhurst T. , Caminha G. B. , Halkola A. , Hoag A. , Ishigaki M. , Johnson T. L. , Karman W. , Kawamata R. , Mercurio A. , Schmidt K. B. , Strolger L.-G. , Suyu S. H. , Filippenko A. V. , Foley R. J. , Jha S. W. , Patel B.
Published: January 2016

Supernova “Refsdal,” multiply imaged by cluster MACS1149.5+2223, represents a rare opportunity to make a true blind test of model predictions in extragalactic astronomy, on a timescale that is short compared to a human lifetime. In order to take advantage of this event, we produced seven gravitational lens models with five independent methods, based on Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Hubble Frontier Field images, along with extensive spectroscopic follow-up observations by HST, the Very Large and the Keck Telescopes. We compare the model predictions and show that they agree reasonably well with the measured time delays and magnification ratios between the known images, even though these quantities were not used as input. This agreement is encouraging, considering that the models only provide statistical uncertainties, and do not include additional sources of uncertainties such as structure along the line of sight, cosmology, and the mass sheet degeneracy. We then present the model predictions for the other appearances of supernova “Refsdal.” A future image will reach its peak in the first half of 2016, while another image appeared between 1994 and 2004. The past image would have been too faint to be detected in existing archival images. The future image should be approximately one-third as bright as the brightest known image (i.e.,

mag at peak and

mag six months before peak), and thus detectable in single-orbit HST images. We will find out soon whether our predictions are correct.
SPREADING LAYERS IN ACCRETING OBJECTS: ROLE OF ACOUSTIC WAVES FOR ANGULAR MOMENTUM TRANSPORT, MIXING, AND THERMODYNAMICS
Authors: Philippov Alexander A. , Rafikov Roman R. , Stone James M.
Published: January 2016

Disk accretion at a high rate onto a white dwarf (WD) or a neutron star has been suggested to result in the formation of a spreading layer (SL)—a belt-like structure on the object's surface, in which the accreted matter steadily spreads in the poleward (meridional) direction while spinning down. To assess its basic characteristics, we perform two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of supersonic SLs in the relevant morphology with a simple prescription for cooling. We demonstrate that supersonic shear naturally present at the base of the SL inevitably drives sonic instability that gives rise to large-scale acoustic modes governing the evolution of the SL. These modes dominate the transport of momentum and energy, which is intrinsically global and cannot be characterized via some form of local effective viscosity (e.g., α-viscosity). The global nature of the wave-driven transport should have important implications for triggering Type I X-ray bursts in low-mass X-ray binaries. The nonlinear evolution of waves into a system of shocks drives effective rearrangement (sensitively depending on thermodynamical properties of the flow) and deceleration of the SL, which ultimately becomes transonic and susceptible to regular Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. We interpret this evolution in terms of the global structure of the SL and suggest that mixing of the SL material with the underlying stellar fluid should become effective only at intermediate latitudes on the accreting object's surface, where the flow has decelerated appreciably. In the near-equatorial regions the transport is dominated by acoustic waves and mixing is less efficient. We speculate that this latitudinal nonuniformity of mixing in accreting WDs may be linked to the observed bipolar morphology of classical nova ejecta.
De la séduction « ontologique » à la séduction dans l’éducation : comment infiltre-t-elle la relation parent-enfant ?
Authors: Marcelli Daniel
Published: January 2016

Mieux comprendre les enjeux de la séduction dans l’éducation contemporaine pour en subodorer les effets délétères, tel est le propos de cet article. On y décrit ce que l’auteur nomme la séduction ontologique , laquelle ébranle l’inconscient du parent et rend compte ensuite des effets de séduction de l’adulte envers l’enfant : séduction originaire d’abord, du fait de l’asymétrie entre cet adulte qui en sait plus et cet enfant qui en sait moins, séduction précoce ensuite éveillée par les soins maternels apportés à ce bébé, enfin rapport de séduction sociale perçu aujourd’hui comme politiquement plus acceptable que le rapport de contrainte ! La question centrale est de savoir s’il est possible d’échapper aux effets de cette séduction ! Il n’y a pas d’autres solutions pour échapper au pouvoir de la séduction comme à celui de la force que de résister à la jouissance de soumettre un plus vulnérable que soi en utilisant soit cette force soit cette séduction. Ce respect de la vulnérabilité de l’autre, cette forme d’abnégation de sa puissance et de sa jouissance, c’est précisément ce que je nomme « l’autorité ».
Pour séduire une fille, il faut la faire rire...
Authors: Prat Régine
Published: January 2016

L’auteur envisage la séduction du bébé comme un processus intrapsychique actif lié au besoin de provoquer des manifestations affectives chez le partenaire relationnel ; la notion d’agentivité apporte un éclairage aux travaux de recherche développementale. Elle explore l’hypothèse de la recherche active du contact comme retrouvailles indispensables après l’expérience de la séparation liée à la naissance et solution à l’angoisse éprouvée : le regard apparaît comme la première activité motrice autonome possible du bébé. L’étude des conditions de l’expérience du partage émotionnel permet des avancées quant aux prémisses indispensables à la transformation symbolique et à la construction d’un espace imaginaire.
Les ressources mobilisées par les diplômés en soins infirmiers en début de carrière
Authors: Piot Thierry
Published: January 2016

Cet article vise à caractériser les ressources professionnelles mobilisées par des diplômés en soins infirmiers en début de carrière, dans un contexte de réforme de la formation en soins infirmiers (2009) qui s’organise autour d’un référentiel de dix compétences et permet l’obtention du grade de licence. Nous désignons ici par ressources les différents éléments de nature hétérogène et plus ou moins conscientisés (connaissances, habiletés, attitudes), qui combinés, sont constitutifs des compétences professionnelles requises pour mener de manière correcte une activité professionnelle. Cette définition extensive se distingue par exemple de celle de Chatigny (2001) plus centrée sur les ressources opératoires pour réaliser une activité professionnelle. À partir du cadre de la didactique professionnelle, une enquête à orientation ergonomique réalisée auprès de 15 sujets permet d’identifier deux registres hiérarchisés de ressources : d’une part, des ressources pragmatiques ordinaires et, d’autre part, des ressources d’analyse clinique professionnelle et réflexive, qui sont le marqueur d’une professionnalité plus experte. Ces ressources réflexives sont à mettre en lien avec un environnement de travail où le jeune professionnel, au-delà de ses qualités propres, est accompagné par le collectif de travail auquel il appartient.
Dépasser le patriarcat : la construction de la citoyenneté comme altruicité
Authors: Rodríguez-Ruiz Blanca , Boisset Annick
Published: January 2016

Les efforts déployés pour définir des droits visant à limiter la discrimination contre les femmes ont conduit à améliorer la situation personnelle de beaucoup d’entre elles. Toutefois, dans la mesure où ils correspondent aux paramètres masculins de l’égalité et de l’indépendance des individus et les renforcent, les droits et le discours sur les droits ne sont pas suffisants pour déconstruire les bases structurelles de la discrimination de genre. Cet article entend redéfinir les rapports de genre grâce à un nouveau mode de citoyenneté. Il propose d’abandonner le mythe de l’indépendance (masculine) qui détermine les droits et la citoyenneté modernes, et d’assumer la nature interdépendante des êtres humains en tant que dispensateurs – et récepteurs – de services. Fondé sur la notion normative d’autonomie relationnelle, cet article se propose d’aller vers un modèle de citoyenneté conçu comme altruicité .
Genre, sexualité et hétérosexualité : la complexité (et les limites) de l’hétéronormativité
Authors: Jackson Stevi , Delphy Christine
Published: January 2016

Cet article développe un cadre pour une analyse critique de l’hétérosexualité, en soutenant que cette analyse ne peut pas se contenter de mettre l’accent sur l’hétéronormativité, en particulier en ce qui concerne la hiérarchie de genre. De plus, il est nécessaire de distinguer analytiquement le genre de la sexualité et de l’hétérosexualité, et de distinguer entre elles ces deux dernières pour étudier leurs relations, ce qui exige de ne pas les confondre dans une masse indistincte. Stevi Jackson soutient que, pour rendre compte adéquatement de ces interrelations, il faut considérer la complexité du social, qui ne peut pas être réduit à son aspect normatif. Elle identifie quatre dimensions du social : la structure, le sens, la pratique et le moi social/la subjectivité, qui interagissent entre elles mais ne forment pas un tout unique. À l’intérieur de ces quatre dimensions, le genre, la sexualité et l’hétérosexualité sont interconnectés, mais pas toujours de la même façon, bien que les liens entre l’hétérosexualité et le genre soient en général beaucoup plus serrés et plus réciproques que les liens entre le genre et la sexualité ou entre la sexualité et l’hétérosexualité. L’auteure conclut que le concept d’hétéronormativité n’est pas applicable à tous les aspects de l’hétérosexualité, et qu’il est plus utile si nous sommes conscient·e·s de ses limitations.
David Roberts en Córdoba. Vistas de paisaje y arquitectura hacia 1833
Authors: Gámiz Gordo Antonio , García Ortega Antonio Jesús
Published: January 2016

Las vistas realizadas en Córdoba por David Roberts en 1833, reelaboradas como litografías, grabados y óleos, han gozado de gran éxito comercial y difusión internacional por su temática e indudable interés artístico. Esta investigación profundiza en su valor documental como registros gráficos previos a la aparición de la fotografía, del paisaje y la arquitectura de una ciudad hoy considerada Patrimonio de la Humanidad.
Las imágenes presentadas se analizan por primera vez como conjunto, pues algunas son de difícil localización o están dispersas en museos de todo el mundo, y se contextualizan con datos sobre el pintor y su viaje por España, considerando una carta que éste escribió desde Córdoba. También se valora la fiabilidad documental de cada vista, a la vez que se detectan significativas transformaciones de los lugares representados.
Antonio Saura, ilustrador de Círculo de Lectores: El Nuevo Pinocho (1994)
Authors: Jimeno Revilla Raquel
Published: January 2016

Bajo la dirección de Hans Meinke entre 1981 y 1997, Círculo de Lectores, club del libro más relevante dentro del panorama español, decide apostar por una filosofía de difusión cultural basada en las ediciones de calidad, compartiendo con otros clubes del libro europeos el espíritu de innovación gráfica. Para ello, Meinke y su equipo de trabajo van construyendo paulatinamente una red de artistas, escritores y otras figuras de la clase intelectual, entre los que destaca Antonio Saura como colaborador más directo. Dentro de Círculo de Lectores, Saura realizará algunos de sus trabajos más destacados en su faceta de ilustrador, como El nuevo Pinocho, en cuyo análisis está centrado este artículo debido a la singularidad que, tanto a nivel gráfico como cromático, representa dentro de la producción del pintor
Nuevas noticias sobre Huberto Alemán, escultor al servicio de Isabel la Católica
Authors: Crespo Guijarro Ana Soledad , Crespo Muñoz Francisco Javier
Published: January 2016

Análisis del contenido de nuevos documentos relativos a la vida y la obra del escultor Huberto Alemán, entallador al servicio de la reina Isabel la Católica, localizados en el Archivo General de Simancas.
Los “estigmas” del Greco en Roma. A propósito de una obra perdida del Greco
Authors: Ioannou Panayotis K.
Published: January 2016

Según un antiguo testimonio, incluido en la obra de Seroux D'Agincourt, existía, al menos a finales del siglo XVIII, un San Francisco de El Greco en la iglesia de San Rocco en Roma. En este artículo se presenta y examina dicha información contrastada con las fuentes, documentación de archivo, y obras conocidas de El Greco.
Marbres couronnés
Authors: Julien Pascal
Published: January 2016

Au xviie siècle, le marbre est perçu comme un matériau vivant, offrant tous les attraits du mystère, de la magie ou de la beauté. À Versailles, il est utilisé pour la gloire du roi, pour restaurer le mythique âge d’or d’une Antiquité triomphante et le royaume est largement sollicité pour cette célébration. On ignore trop souvent que de multiples carrières des Pyrénées, du Languedoc ou de Provence ont fourni une grande part des brillants décors du château de Versailles. Il faut donc, à partir de lambris somptueux, d’imposantes cheminées ou de délicats pavements, reprendre le long périple effectué par ces marbres et revenir dans les carrières de Campan, Sarrancolin, Héches, Saint-Béat, Barbazan, Caunes, Félines, Trets, la Sainte-Baume ou le Tholonet pour retrouver l’origine des plus belles couleurs de Versailles.
Les marbres, données géologiques et questions de restaurations
Authors: Blanc Annie
Published: January 2016

Qu’est-ce qu’un marbre ? Essayons de s’entendre sur le terme. Les marbres blancs, gris, roses, sont constitués de cristaux de calcite (ou de dolomite) jointifs de plus ou moins grande taille (inférieure au mm jusqu’à supérieure au cm). Pour les distinguer les uns des autres il faut recourir à des analyses chimiques (éléments en trace, isotope du carbone et de l’oxygène).Les marbriers travaillent différentes roches calcaires qu’ils polissent et utilisent en décoration, ce sont des calcaires marbriers, des calcaires noduleux, des griottes, des brèches, des poudingues et aussi des roches siliceuses comme les porphyres, les serpentines, les quartzites… L’observation et la description de ces calcaires et autres roches permettent dans la plupart des cas de les identifier et de trouver leur provenance.Dans le cadre des restaurations, il est nécessaire d’identifier les marbres et les roches ornementales, pour savoir s’ils sont encore exploités, afin de faire des remplacements, en particulier pour les pavements. En cas d’abandon des carrières, comme pour les pierres de taille, on recherche une roche de substitution après avoir exploré les anciens stocks des marbriers. Pour Versailles, il existe une réserve, versée par l’entreprise Lebeau au moment de sa cessation d’activité, qui se trouve à Saint-Amour (Jura).
La famille Del Medico et le marché du marbre dans l’Europe du xviiie siècle
Authors: Pighini-Bates Cristina
Published: January 2016

Si l’expérience de la famille Del Medico dans l’exportation du marbre de Carrare s’étend pendant deux siècles, elle voit son apogée durant la deuxième moitié du xviiie siècle. Plusieurs facteurs l’ont rendu possible : avant tout l’achat des carrières permet aux Del Medico d’accroître leur contrôle économique sur la production du marbre et de tisser des liens politiques avec l’oligarchie commerciale du petit État de Massa-Carrara. La décision de distribuer à chaque membre masculin de leur famille un rôle précis dans leur entreprise a été un facteur déterminant pour contrôler tous les secteurs de leur activité. Enfin, la volonté de s’assurer la maîtrise de la production des sculpteurs de Carrare, leur a permis d’exporter les blocs de marbre brut aussi bien que des sculptures, et de les diffuser dans les marchés européens les plus importants, de Naples à Londres, de Venise à Saint-Pétersbourg.
« Le combat n’est point douteux, voici un bloc qui s’offre à vous servir »
Authors: Boudon-Machuel Marion , Sartre Fabienne
Published: January 2016

Tout en relevant de circuits de production communs et en faisant intervenir les mêmes acteurs, les marbres se distinguent par leur destination. Afin d’être « propre à faire figure », le marbre statuaire ou certains blancs ordinaires doivent répondre à des exigences spécifiques de pureté de coloris et de texture. Le sculpteur est alors le meilleur juge de leur qualité : de sa présence dans la carrière pour sélectionner les blocs, jusqu’à la taille qui dévoile le cœur de la matière, il se confronte, voire s’affronte au marbre, qui sous des apparences nobles peut se révéler vicié.La rareté des marbres français adaptés à la sculpture a entraîné une étroite dépendance des carrières pyrénéennes et la recherche d’un matériau qui puisse concurrencer le marbre statuaire de Carrare, tant pour des raisons économiques que pour des raisons de prestige. Dans le domaine artistique, la noblesse du matériau se reflète en effet sur le statut même de l’artiste : est réellement sculpteur celui qui travaille le marbre.
Les marbres belges dans les demeures royales en Pologne au xviie siècle
Authors: Szmydki Ryszard
Published: January 2016

Le rôle des carrières mosanes dans l’essor de l’architecture baroque en Pologne n’est pas encore connu des historiens de l’art. Des documents d’archives inédits à Bruxelles (Archives générales du Royaume) et à La Haye (Nationaal Archief) laissent supposer l’existence en Pologne, sous le règne de Sigismond III Vasa (1566-1632), d’un véritable réseau d’approvisionnement en matériaux de construction de Namur, de Dinant, de Rince et de Charlemont. Les marbres noirs et rouges conviennent parfaitement pour la construction des demeures royales à Varsovie et à Vilna.
Optimization of Tuned Mass Dampers to Improve the Earthquake Resistance of High Buildings
Authors: Steinbuch Rolf
Published: January 2016

To prevent high buildings in endangered zones suffering from seismic attack, TMD are applied successfully. In many applications the dampers are placed along the height of the edifice to reduce the damage during the earthquake. The dimensioning of TMD is a multidimensional optimisation problem with many local maxima. To find the absolute best or a very good design, advanced optimization strategies have to be applied. Bionic optimization proposes different methods to deal with such tasks but requires many repeated studies of the buildings and dampers design. To improve the speed of the analysis, the authors propose a reduced model of the building including the dampers. A series of consecutive generations shows a growing capacity to reduce the impact of an earthquake on the building. The proposals found help to dimension the dampers. A detailed analysis of the building under earthquake loading may yield an efficient design.
Ancient Materials and Singular Constructions
Authors: Pineda Paloma
Published: January 2016

Analysis and evaluation of seismic reliability of masonry cultural heritage buildings by means of numerical models is a difficult task, owing to uncertainties that mainly affect structural behaviour and mechanical material properties. The former includes lack of information on model definition -geometry, constraints, materials, constructive details...-, and the latter is focused on non-linear masonry behaviour and low tensile strength. Furthermore, if a comprehensive study of structural behaviour is going to be performed, accuracy and suitability of the analytical or numerical method selected are essential issues. For those reasons, multidisciplinary analyses combining numerical, experimental and heritage tools may be very useful to face the challenge of effective preservation. This chapter focuses on the role of the building materials as controllers of collapse phenomena under seismic loading. The first section is devoted to some heritage strategies that may be learnt from the wisdom of ancient builders. The second section focuses on numerical strategies, reviewing different constitutive models via FEM under seismic loading and analysing the role of the control parameters. That section provides a brief reflexion on different analytical strategies. Finally, as a way of conclusion, Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis of historic building materials and associated techniques within a dynamic framework, by means of multidisciplinary tools is provided.