bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal variation in Global Navigation Satellite Systems TEC and topside ion density over South American sector associated with the four‐peaked wave structures
Authors: Nogueira P. A. B. , Abdu M. A. , Souza J. R. , Bailey G. J. , Batista I. S. , Shume E. B. , Denardini C.M.
Published: December 2013

Recent observations of the low‐latitude ionospheric electron density revealed a four‐peaked longitudinal structure in the equatorial ionization anomaly when plotted at a constant‐local‐time frame. It was proposed that neutral wind‐driven E region dynamo electric fields due to nonmigrating tidal modes are responsible for this pattern. We examine the four‐peaked structure in the observed topside ion density and its manifestation as longitudinal structures in total electron content (TEC) over South America. The strong longitudinal variation in TEC characterized by larger value over Brazilian eastern longitude sector as compared to that over the Peruvian western longitude is modeled using the Sheffield University plasmasphere‐ionosphere model (SUPIM) aiming to identify the control factors responsible for the longitude variation. We found that the SUPIM runs using as input the existing standard models of vertical drift, and thermospheric winds do not explain the TEC longitudinal structure. Realistic values of these control parameters were generated based on the strong vertical drift longitudinal variation as determined from magnetometer and Digisonde data and appropriately adjusted winds (horizontal wind model). These realistic vertical drifts together with the modified thermospheric wind, when used as input to the SUPIM, are found to satisfactorily explain the longitudinal differences in the TEC and topside ion density (Ni) over South America. The study shows that the TEC in the whole latitude distribution is larger over the east coast than over the west coast of South America and that the vertical drift and thermospheirc winds control the longitudinal four wave structure in the TEC and Ni.
Measurements of equatorial plasma depletion velocity using 630 nm airglow imaging over a low‐latitude Indian station
Authors: Taori A. , Sindhya A.
Published: December 2013

We report the east‐west velocity measurements of the equatorial plasma depletion (EPD) from Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E, dip latitude 6.5°N) estimated using the airglow imaging of O(1D) 630 nm airglow emission during the years 2012–2013. Our measured EPD velocity values are significantly smaller than earlier reported values from low‐latitude stations in India. The measured nocturnal EPD velocity variations are compared with recent empirical model given by England and Immel (2012). We note that during March–April months, our measurements agree very well with the empirical model while minor differences are noted in other months. We also note the differences between our measurements and horizontal wind model. We believe that these differences suggest the deviation of electrodynamics associated with EPD from the one occurring in the background thermospheric altitudes.
Application of spectral analysis techniques in the intercomparison of aerosol data: Part III. Using combined PCA to compare spatiotemporal variability of MODIS, MISR, and OMI aerosol optical depth
Authors: Li Jing , Carlson Barbara E. , Lacis Andrew A.
Published: December 2013

Satellite measurements of global aerosol properties are very useful in constraining aerosol parameterization in climate models. The reliability of different data sets in representing global and regional aerosol variability becomes an essential question. In this study, we present the results of a comparison using combined principal component analysis (CPCA), applied to monthly mean, mapped (Level 3) aerosol optical depth (AOD) product from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). This technique effectively finds the common space‐time variability in the multiple data sets by decomposing the combined AOD field. The results suggest that all of the sensors capture the globally important aerosol regimes, including dust, biomass burning, pollution, and mixed aerosol types. Nonetheless, differences are also noted. Specifically, compared with MISR and OMI, MODIS variability is significantly higher over South America, India, and the Sahel. MODIS deep blue AOD has a lower seasonal variability in North Africa, accompanied by a decreasing trend that is not found in either MISR or OMI AOD data. The narrow swath of MISR results in an underestimation of dust variability over the Taklamakan Desert. The MISR AOD data also exhibit overall lower variability in South America and the Sahel. OMI does not capture the Russian wild fire in 2010 nor the phase shift in biomass burning over East South America compared to Central South America, likely due to cloud contamination and the OMI row anomaly. OMI also indicates a much stronger (boreal) winter peak in South Africa compared with MODIS and MISR.
Growing Importance of Prior Learning Assessment in the Degree‐Completion Toolkit
Authors: Klein‐Collins Rebecca , Wertheim Judith B.
Published: December 2013

Central to many of the current developments in higher education is prior learning assessment (PLA). In the past several years, with new and ambitious degree completion goals for adults, the United States is witnessing what can only be called a surge of interest in PLA.
Role of the Community College in Economic Development
Authors: Nickoli Rebecca A.
Published: December 2013

This chapter expands on the role of community colleges in economic development, workforce development and training, and even job creation. Practical examples from the field are included.
Preparing Marketing for the Future: Strategic Marketing Challenges for Continuing Education
Authors: Fong James
Published: December 2013

Today's programs and delivery methods in continuing education for the adult student are evolving due to changing needs, competition, and new markets and technologies. The marketing infrastructure, including staffing, budgeting, and processes such as customer relationship marketing and market research, must be in alignment with changing needs.
Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Consensus Treatment Plans for New‐Onset Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Ringold Sarah , Weiss Pamela F. , Colbert Robert A. , DeWitt Esi Morgan , Lee Tzielan , Onel Karen , Prahalad Sampath , Schneider Rayfel , Shenoi Susan , Vehe Richard K. , Kimura Yukiko ,   for the Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Research Committee of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance
Published: December 2013

Objective

There is no standardized approach to the initial treatment of polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) among pediatric rheumatologists. Understanding the comparative effectiveness of the diverse therapeutic options available will result in better health outcomes for polyarticular JIA. The Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) developed consensus treatment plans (CTPs) for use in clinical practice to facilitate such studies.

Methods

A case‐based survey was administered to CARRA members to identify the common treatment approaches for new‐onset polyarticular JIA. Two face‐to‐face consensus conferences employed modified nominal group technique to identify treatment strategies, operational case definition, end points, and data elements to be collected. A core workgroup reviewed the relevant literature, refined plans, and developed medication dosing and monitoring recommendations.

Results

The initial case‐based survey identified significant variability among treatment approaches for new‐onset polyarticular JIA. We developed 3 CTPs based on treatment strategies for the first 12 months of therapy, as well as case definitions and clinical and laboratory monitoring schedules. The CTPs include a step‐up plan (nonbiologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug [DMARD] followed by a biologic DMARD), an early combination plan (nonbiologic and biologic DMARD combined within a month of treatment initiation), and a biologic only plan. This approach was approved by 96% of the CARRA JIA Research Committee members attending the 2013 CARRA face‐to‐face meeting.

Conclusion

Three standardized CTPs were developed for new‐onset polyarticular JIA. Coupled with data collection at defined intervals, use of these CTPs will enable the study of their comparative effectiveness in an observational setting to optimize initial management of polyarticular JIA.
Cost Offsets to Medicare Attributable to Receipt of Hip, Knee, and Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Sloan Frank A. , Hanrahan Brian W.
Published: December 2013

Objective

To estimate trends in numbers of and Medicare payments for hip, knee, and shoulder arthroplasties for beneficiaries with osteoarthritis (OA) and potential savings to Medicare from arthroplasty during followup.

Methods

The analysis was based on longitudinal 5% Medicare enrollment and claims data for 1992–2010. The analysis of changes in Medicare payments attributable to total arthroplasty receipt used propensity score matching to obtain beneficiary control groups matched on demographic characteristics, general health, joint pain, and Medicare payments by major condition in the year preceding the index arthroplasty. An average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) overall and for each major condition was calculated for payments for care 7–36 months following the index arthroplasty procedure.

Results

Growth in incident OA diagnoses of the hip, knee, and shoulder was substantially higher than growth in real Medicare spending on hip, knee, and shoulder arthroplasties. ATTs showed a mean saving to Medicare of $471/beneficiary/procedure for hip, no difference for knee, and a payment increase of $1,062 for shoulder arthroplasty during followup. For hip arthroplasty, the largest savings was for the circulatory system. For shoulder arthroplasty, increased payments during followup reflected increased payments for musculoskeletal care, especially for hip and knee arthroplasty. Overall, payment differences during followup by major condition were small.

Conclusions

Provision of hip but not knee and shoulder arthroplasty generated savings to Medicare during followup, but even for hip arthroplasty, the cost offset during followup was small relative to the program cost for the procedure itself.
Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Salivary Gland Ultrasonography Using a Simplified Scoring System
Authors: Theander Elke , Mandl Thomas
Published: December 2013

Objective

To determine the usefulness and prognostic value of a simplified salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS) scoring system in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS).

Methods

Patients with primary SS (n = 105) and controls (n = 57) were evaluated using a simplified SGUS scoring system. Parenchymal homogeneity in salivary glands was graded from 0 to 3, with grades 0 (normal) and 1 (mild inhomogeneity) being interpreted as normal or unspecific, and grades 2 (several rounded) and 3 (numerous or confluent hypoechoic lesions) as primary SS typical. Associations between SGUS and clinical, histologic, and laboratory disease characteristics were analyzed.

Results

The characteristic hypoechoic lesions (score 2 or 3) were found in 52% of primary SS patients and in 1 (1.8%) of controls (P < 0.001). Specificity and positive predictive value of abnormal SGUS for primary SS were both 98%, sensitivity and negative predictive values were 52% and 53%, respectively. Age or disease duration did not influence the SGUS result. Dryness did not differ between normal or abnormal SGUS. However, patients with pathologic SGUS had significantly more often signs and symptoms of systemic complications, higher disease activity, and more frequently markers of lymphoma development, such as salivary gland swelling, skin vasculitis, germinal center–like structures in salivary gland biopsy findings, and CD4+ T cell lymphopenia.

Conclusion

SGUS using a simplified score for assessment of parenchyma dyshomogeneity is highly specific for primary SS and offers the advantage of identifying patients with severe disease or at risk of lymphoma. However, early disease may be missed. SGUS is easy and rapidly performed and may be considered as an item in future modified classification criteria.
Novel kind of functional gradient poly(ε‐caprolactone) polyurethane nanocomposite: A shape‐memory effect induced in three ways
Authors: Cai Yan , Feng Xin , Jiang Ji‐Sen
Published: December 2013

Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) crosslinked polyurethane nanocomposites filled with iron (Fe) powders were synthesized by an in situ polymerization method. The Fe powders were deposited on one side of the nanocomposites during sample formation. Because of the gradient distribution of the Fe powders, the polymer part was affected little; this resulted in good mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. The electrical conductivities on each side of the nanocomposites were different. Because of the good magnetic properties and high electrical conductivities of the nanocomposites, the shape‐memory effect could be induced by temperature heating (temperature = 45°C), electrically resistive Joule heating (voltage (U) = 30 V), and magnetic field heating (frequency (f) = 45 kHz, intensity of magnetic field (H) = 46.5 kA/m). The shape‐memory properties were dependent on the location of the side that contained the most Fe powders (Fe side), and the nanocomposites showed better shape‐memory properties when the Fe side was located inside of the folded samples. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40220.
Effects of carbon‐coated titanium dioxide nanoparticles as a photostabilizer on the photodegradation of rigid poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Sokhandani Parvane , Abdi Mohammad Adel , Ghaebi Mehmandoust Shadi , Babaluo Ali Akbar , Mehdizadeh Reza , Rezaei Mostafa , Rakhshani Masoud
Published: December 2013

In this study, nanocomposites of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (UPVC) using the synthesized carbon‐coated titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and commercial powder of titanium dioxide (with rutile structure) were prepared by melt blending. The presence of carbon‐coated TiO2 nanoparticles with rutile structure in UPVC matrix led to an improvement in photo stability of UPVC nanocomposites in comparison with commercial UPVC. The photocatalytic degradation behavior of nanocomposites was investigated by measuring their structural changes, surface tension, and mechanical and morphological properties before and after UV exposure for 700 h. It was found that mechanical and physical properties of UPVC nanocomposites are not considerably reduced after UV exposure in the presence of carbon‐coated TiO2 nanoparticles even in small percentage of nanoparticles in comparison with the presence of commercial TiO2 particles. Therefore, it can be concluded that UPVC/TiO2 nanocomposite with low content of carbon‐coated TiO2 nanoparticles(0.25 wt %) illustrated high stability under light exposure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40228.
Assessment of cell proliferation in salt‐leaching using powder (SLUP) scaffolds with penetrated macro‐pores
Authors: Cho Yong Sang , Hong Myoung Wha , Kim Young Yul , Cho Young‐Sam
Published: December 2013

In this study, a salt‐leaching using powder (SLUP) scaffold with penetrated macropores was proposed to enhance cell proliferation. A SLUP scaffold is a salt‐leaching scaffold with an arbitrary pore configuration. Although SLUP scaffolds have several advantage over traditional salt‐leaching scaffolds, the cell ingrowth might be poor compared with solid freeform fabrication scaffolds, which have well‐interconnected pores. We therefore proposed SLUP scaffolds with penetrated macropores to assist the cell ingrowth. First, polycaprolactone (PCL) powders with a grain size of 63–100 μm and NaCl powders with a grain size of 100–180 μm were prepared. Next, a uniformly perforated mold was fabricated using an rapid prototyping (RP) system. Then, 500‐, 820‐, or 1200‐μm‐diameter needles were inserted into the holes of the RP mold. Subsequently, the mold was filled with a mixed powder of PCL/NaCl (30 : 70 vol %). The mold was then heated in the oven at 100°C for 30 min, and both the needles and the mold were removed from the PCL/NaCl mixture. Then, the PCL/NaCl mixture was soaked in DI water for 24 h to leach out NaCl particles and dried in a vacuum desiccator for 24 h. The porosity of fabricated scaffolds was calculated using a simple equation, and the compressive stiffness was measured using a universal testing machine. Moreover, each scaffold (10 × 10 × 10 mm3) was seeded with 100,000 Saos‐2 cells and cultured for 14 days. The cell proliferation characteristics were assessed using a CCK‐8 assay at 1, 7, and 14 days for comparison with the control scaffolds, that is, the SLUP scaffolds with no penetrated macropores. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40240.
Development and Validation of Modified Disease Activity Scores in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Superior Correlation With Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Detected Synovitis and Radiographic Progression
Authors: Baker Joshua F. , Conaghan Philip G. , Smolen Josef S. , Aletaha Daniel , Shults Justine , Emery Paul , Baker Daniel G. , Østergaard Mikkel
Published: December 2013

Objective

To develop and validate composite disease activity scores, based on widely available clinical measures, that would demonstrate improved correlation with detection of synovitis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radiographic progression, in comparison with conventional measures, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

This study was conducted as a secondary study of 2 RA clinical trials, GO‐BEFORE (development cohort) and GO‐FORWARD (validation cohort). Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate independent cross‐sectional associations of component variables (from all time points) with concurrent MRI measures of synovitis and bone edema in the development cohort. Based on regression coefficients, modified versions of the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (M‐DAS28), Simplified Disease Activity Index (M‐SDAI), and Clinical Disease Activity Index (M‐CDAI) were generated for each subject in the validation cohort. The M‐DAS28, M‐SDAI, and M‐CDAI scores were compared to conventional scores of disease activity with regard to associations with MRI measures of synovitis and radiographic progression, assessed using Pearson's and Spearman's correlations, linear/logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Results

Four variables were independently associated with MRI‐detected synovitis and bone edema in the development cohort: C‐reactive protein (CRP) level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), swollen joint count in 28 joints (SJC28), and evaluator's global assessment of disease activity using a visual analog scale (EvGA score). Modified disease activity scores were generated using the regression coefficients obtained in the synovitis models for all subjects in the validation cohort; modified scores were calculated as M‐DAS28 = 0.49 × ln(CRP) + 0.15 × SJC28 + 0.22 × EvGA + 1 and M‐SDAI = CRP + SJC28 + EvGA. Both modified and conventional disease activity scores correlated significantly with MRI measures of synovitis. Modified scores showed superior correlation with synovitis, as compared to conventional scores, at all time points (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the M‐DAS28 and M‐SDAI had superior test characteristics for prediction of radiographic progression at 52 weeks (both P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Modified disease activity scores demonstrated superior correlation with MRI detection of synovitis at all time points, and more accurately predicted radiographic progression in patients with RA in a clinical trial setting.
Contribution of Functional LILRA3, but Not Nonfunctional LILRA3, to Sex Bias in Susceptibility and Severity of Anti–Citrullinated Protein Antibody–Positive Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Du Yan , Cui Yong , Liu Xia , Hu Fanlei , Yang Yue , Wu Xinyu , Liu Xu , Ma Xiaoxu , Zuo Xianbo , Sheng Yujun , Liu Xiangyuan , Xu Jianhua , Zhu Ping , Sun Lingyun , Hong Nan , Zhang Xuejun , Guo Jianping , Li Zhanguo
Published: December 2013

Objective

Leukocyte immunoglobulin‐like receptor A3 belongs to a family of receptors with inhibitory or activating functions. Since Caucasian individuals lacking LILRA3 have been found to be susceptible to multiple sclerosis and Sjögren's syndrome, we undertook this study to examine whether LILRA3 deletion is a novel genetic risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (another autoimmune disease), whether there are sex‐specific effects, and whether LILRA3 influences the subtype and severity of RA.

Methods

The LILRA3 deletion and its tagging single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs103294 were genotyped in a Northern Han Chinese cohort (N‐Han) (1,618 cases and 1,658 controls) and a Southern Han Chinese cohort (S‐Han) (575 cases and 549 controls). Association analyses were performed on the complete data set and subsets. The effect of the nondeleted (functional) LILRA3 allele on radiographic severity and LILRA3 expression was evaluated.

Results

In the N‐Han discovery cohort, we unexpectedly observed a higher frequency of the functional LILRA3 in RA patients compared with healthy individuals (10.1% versus 6.3%; P = 4.01 × 10−5, odds ratio [OR] 1.92). The association was replicated in the S‐Han cohort and confirmed by meta‐analysis (P = 5.63 × 10−6, OR 1.83). Functional LILRA3 conferred greater risk for RA in males (P = 1.09 × 10−6, OR 4.47), and was specifically associated with anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)–positive RA (P = 3.05 × 10−4, OR 1.75). Furthermore, functional LILRA3 was associated with higher radiographic scores in ACPA‐positive patients with early RA (P = 9.70 × 10−3) and higher LILRA3 messenger RNA levels (P = 3.31 × 10−8).

Conclusion

Our study provides the first evidence that functional LILRA3 is a novel genetic risk factor for RA, especially in males. It appears to highly predispose to ACPA‐positive RA and confers an increased risk of disease severity in patients with early RA.
Outcomes associated with balloon angioplasty for recurrent coarctation in neonatal univentricular and biventricular norwood‐type aortic arch reconstructions
Authors: Whiteside Wendy , Hirsch‐Romano Jennifer , Yu Sunkyung , Pasquali Sara K. , Armstrong Aimee
Published: December 2013

Objectives

We evaluated the use of, and outcomes associated with, balloon angioplasty (BA) for recurrent coarctation in single ventricle (SV) and two ventricle (2V) patients following a Norwood‐type aortic arch reconstruction (NTAR).

Background

Extended patch augmentation of the aorta, a NTAR, is utilized in SV patients undergoing the Norwood procedure (NP) as well as 2V patients with a diffusely hypoplastic aorta. While many studies have evaluated recurrent coarctation following the NP, the incidence of recurrent coarctation and outcomes associated with BA in 2V patients following NTAR are unclear.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed of all neonates who underwent a NTAR at our institution between 2000 and 2010. The incidence of recurrent coarctation requiring intervention and factors associated with successful BA were evaluated.

Results

A NTAR was performed in 361 SV patients and 88 2V patients. The incidence of recurrent coarctation requiring intervention was 19.3% in 2V vs. 9.7% in SV patients (P = 0.01) at a median of 0.5 (interquartile range 0.3–1.2) years from initial surgery. BA was successful in 25 SV patients (81%) and 10 2V patients (71%; P = 0.70). Of the characteristics evaluated, lower initial peak‐to‐peak gradient (P = 0.02), larger balloon size for angioplasty (P = 0.02) and larger diameter of the descending aorta (P = 0.01) were associated with BA success.

Conclusions

Recurrent coarctation following NTAR is more common in 2V patients than in SV patients. BA for recurrent coarctation has similar success in both groups and should continue to be utilized in this population. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The influence of age on clinical outcomes in patients treated with the resolute zotarolimus‐eluting stent
Authors: Belardi Jorge , Manoharan Ganesh , Albertal Mariano , Widimský Petr , Neumann Franz‐Joseph , Silber Sigmund , Leon Martin B. , Saito Shigeru
Published: December 2013

Aims

To evaluate the rate of clinical events and bleeding risk according to age in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with a new‐generation drug‐eluting stent (DES) enrolled in the RESOLUTE Global Clinical Program.

Methods

This study represents a pooled analysis of five trials included in the RESOLUTE program including 5,130 patients, of whom 1,675 (32.6%) were ≥70 years old (elderly patients).

Results

After adjusting for confounders, age ≥70 years was a significant predictor of high mortality at 30 days (0.6 vs. 0.1%, P = 0.017) and 2 years (7.2 vs. 2%, P < 0.001). No differences were seen with respect to acute myocardial infarction (MI) or target lesion and vessel revascularization rates between young and elderly patients. Bleeding rates were higher in the elderly throughout follow‐up. In the elderly, 7 of the 27 (26%) patients with bleeding episodes died, with a median time between bleeding episode to death of 21 days. In the younger population, 1 patient of 17 with a bleeding episode died (400 days later).

Conclusions

Elderly patients undergoing PCI with a new‐generation DES have increased mortality and bleeding risk, with similar rates of acute MI and repeat revascularization. Bleeding risk was higher in the elderly and strongly related to death. Target lesion failure rates were not significantly different between the two age groups, suggesting that the Resolute zotarolimus‐eluting stent (R‐ZES) is effective for patients younger and older than 70 years of age. R‐ZES may be recommended for elderly patients when PCI with a DES is identified as a suitable option. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solely abluminal drug release from coronary stents could possibly improve reendothelialization
Authors: Zhang Haijun , Deng Wei , Wang Xiangfei , Wang Shenguo , Ge Junbo , Toft Egon
Published: December 2013

Objectives

To compare a new stent with an asymmetric coating, eluting the drug to the abluminal surface, to a stent with a conventional coating eluting the drug both to the luminal and the abluminal side.

Background

Stents with asymmetric coating, eluting the drug to the vessel wall (BPSES‐A), could potentially give faster reendothelialization after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and decrease in in‐stent thrombosis and late restenosis.

Methods

BPSES‐A, conventional coated stents (BPSES‐C), biodegradable polymer stents without drug (BPS, for control), and bare metal stents (BMS, for control) were implanted into the coronary arteries of 38 pigs (75 stents). Pigs were sacrificed after 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Quantitative coronary angiography was used to compare in‐stent late lumen loss (LLL) and electron microscopy was used to reveal levels of reendothelialization.

Results

The stents were all successfully implanted. LLL of BPSES‐A, BPSES‐C, BMS, and BPS were 0.56 ± 0.51, 0.60 ± 0.58, 0.89 ± 0.43, and 1.68 ± 0.30 mm, respectively, after 4 weeks. LLL of BPSES‐A and BPSES‐C were 0.63 ± 0.53 and 0.69 ± 0.24 mm, respectively, after 12 weeks. LLL of BPSES‐A, BPSES‐C, and BMS were 0.42 ± 0.15 m, 0.56 ± 0.28 mm, and 0.99 ± 0.13 mm, respectively, after 24 weeks. The scaling of reendothelialization was as follows: after 4 weeks BMS > = BPS > BPSES‐A > BPSES‐C, after 12 weeks BPSES‐A > BPSES‐C, and after 24 weeks BMS > BPSES‐A > BPSES‐C. Reendothelialization was better in BPSES‐A than BPSES‐C (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between LLL and reendothelialization (P = 0.42).

Conclusion

Asymmetric coating of coronary stents might be helpful to improve reendothelialization. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Results of percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale with the GORE® septal occluder
Authors: Knerr Meike , Bertog Stefan , Vaskelyte Laura , Hofmann Ilona , Sievert Horst
Published: December 2013

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the GORE® Septal Occluder (GSO) at 1‐, 6‐, and 12‐month follow‐up in patients with a clinical indication for patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure.

Background

Limited data are available regarding the safety and efficacy of the GSO for PFO closure.

Methods

Sixty consecutive patients with an embolic event, migraine, or risk of decompression sickness were enrolled. Transesophageal or transthoracic echocardiography and clinical follow‐up were performed at 1, 6 and 12 months after implantation. All patients received 100 mg aspirin and 75 mg clopidogrel for 6 months.

Results

Procedures were technically successful in 98.3% (59/60). In one case, the anterior interatrial septal rim proved too short to allow safe GSO implantation and, instead, a different occluder was implanted. One patient developed transient neurological symptoms during the procedure without evidence for a stroke by magnetic resonance imaging. At 6‐month follow‐up, the closure rate was 86.6% (52/60). The complete closure rate after 1 year was 93.3% (56/60). Stroke, thrombus formation and atrial fibrillation (AF)/flutter occurred in 1 (1.7%), 1 (1.7%), and 5 (8.3%) patients, respectively.

Conclusion

PFO closure with the GSO is accompanied by a high technical success rate and closure rates similar to other currently used devices. The incidence of AF was higher than reported with most other devices. This may be a chance finding but warrants further investigation in larger trials. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reducing iodinated contrast volume by manipulating injection pressure during coronary angiography
Authors: Kaye David M. , Stub Dion , Mak Vivian , Doan Tuan , Duffy Stephen J.
Published: December 2013

Objective

To evaluate the impact of a device‐mediated modification of the injection pressure profile on iodinated contrast volumes during coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background

The development of iodinated contrast‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing coronary angiography and intervention, particularly in the setting of ST‐elevation myocardial infarction. Iodinated contrast volume is a recognized risk factor for iodinated contrast‐induced AKI. Mitigation of iodinated contrast loss due to coronary iodinated contrast reflux represents a potential means to reduce iodinated contrast volume.

Method and Results

We assessed the effectiveness of injection pressure modulation using an iodinated contrast conservation system (CCS), in 21 patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography or PCI. System activation was associated with a marked reduction in iodinated contrast injection compared with standard imaging (3.5 ± 1.1 vs. 5.4 ± 1.7 mL, P < 0.001). Paired images were obtained in 59 instances with significantly less iodinated contrast use with CCS use (3.3 ± 1.1 vs. 5.5 ± 1.6 mL, P < 0.001), with comparable image quality in 98% of cases.

Conclusions

Modulation of iodinated contrast injection pressure provides a novel potential means to reduce iodinated contrast volumes by attenuating inefficient losses due to ostial reflux. Future studies are required to define the ability of the CCS to reduce total iodinated contrast volume and to impact upon the risk of iodinated contrast‐induced AKI. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of the Probe Coverage in DNA Biosensors by a One‐Step Coadsorption Procedure
Authors: Doneux Thomas , De Rache Aurore , Triffaux Eléonore , Meunier Anne , Steichen Marc , Buess‐Herman Claudine
Published: December 2013

Analytical performance (selectivity, sensitivity, limit of detection) of a sensor is ultimately connected to the interfacial architecture of the sensing surface that needs to be optimized. Self‐assembly of a mixed monolayer of thiolated probes and diluent onto gold surfaces used in the design of biosensing platforms is nowadays commonly performed by a two‐step immobilization procedure. In this work, the merits of a one‐step coadsorption procedure are emphasized, and it is shown that the ionic strength is a very efficient tool to fine control the surface concentration of the immobilized probe. Probe densities were obtained by alternating current voltammetry or fluorescence measurements depending on the type of labeling of the probes. With unlabeled DNA sequences, chronocoulometric measurements were performed in the presence of dissolved hexaammineruthenium(III) cations. The maximum probe density achievable at high ionic strength by the one‐step coadsorption procedure is limited by steric constraints and depends on the structure of the sequence. Various thiolated DNA sequences (single‐stranded DNA, double‐stranded DNA, linear, hairpin, quadruplex) coadsorbed with a common diluent, 4‐mercaptobutan‐1‐ol, were used to discuss the structural factors affecting the maximum surface densities obtained for the different types of probe. Application of the one‐step coadsorption procedure to the optimization of the analytical performance of a protein aptasensor is illustrated by building a sensor for the detection of thrombin on the basis of the thrombin binding aptamer sequence.
Facile One‐Pot Fabrication of Hollow Porous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Abdelaal Haitham Mohammad , Zawrah Mahmoud Farag , Harbrecht Bernd
Published: December 2013

A method for the fabrication of hollow silica nanospheres, a facile one‐pot hydrothermal route, is described. Heating of an aqueous solution of water glass and D‐glucose to 180 °C for 24 h affords—as indicated by transmission electron microscopy—a nanospherical composite consisting of a silica shell sheathing a carbonaceous core. Subsequent removal of the carbonaceous interior through oxidation in air produces hollow silica structures. Variation of the concentration of the two jointly dissolved chemicals enables a variation of the thickness of the silica shell. The hollow silica particles were characterized by means of SEM, TEM, XRD, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA), and sorption measurements.
N‐Doped Graphene Derived from Biomass as a Visible‐Light Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Generation from Water/Methanol Mixtures
Authors: Lavorato Cristina , Primo Ana , Molinari Raffaele , Garcia Hermenegildo
Published: December 2013

There is much current interest in developing graphene‐based materials as photocatalysts, particularly in the field of solar fuels and the photocatalytic generation of hydrogen. Graphene is a versatile material allowing different modification strategies to improve its activity. Thus, in the present manuscript we report that, in contrast to the lack of photocatalytic activity of undoped graphene, nitrogen doping introduces UV‐ and visible‐light activity for hydrogen evolution; the efficiency of the material depends on the preparation conditions. The N‐doped graphene is obtained by pyrolysis under an inert atmosphere of natural chitosan, which is considered a biomass waste, followed by ultrasound exfoliation, without the need of oxidation and reconstitution. The main parameter controlling the residual amount of nitrogen and the resulting photocatalytic activity is the pyrolysis temperature that produces an optimal material when the thermal treatment is carried out at 900 °C. Due to the fact that, in contrast to graphene oxide, N‐doped graphene exhibits an almost “neutral” absorption spectrum, the material exhibits photocatalytic activity upon UV‐ (355 nm) and visible‐light (532 nm) irradiation, and is able to generate hydrogen upon simulated sunlight illumination.
The RNA/DNA‐binding protein PSF relocates to cell membrane and contributes cells' sensitivity to antitumor drug, doxorubicin
Authors: Ren Simei , She Ming , Li Min , Zhou Qi , Liu Rong , Lu Hong , Yang Chunzheng , Xiong Dongsheng
Published: December 2013

Cell surface proteins play an important role in multidrug resistance (MDR). However, the identification involving chemoresistant features for cell surface proteins is a challenge. To identify potential cell membrane markers in hematologic cancer MDR, we used a cell‐ and antibody‐based strategy of subtractive immunization coupled with cell surface comparative screening of leukemia cell lines from sensitive HL60 and resistant HL60/DOX cells. Fifty one antibodies that recognized the cell surface proteins expressed differently between the two cell lines were generated. One of them, the McAb‐5D12 not only recognizes its antigen but also block its function. Comparative analysis of immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and mass spectrum analysis validated that the membrane antigen of McAb‐5D12 is a nucleoprotein—polypyrimidine tract binding protein associated splicing factor, PSF. Our results identified that PSF overexpressed on the membrane of sensitive cells compared with resistant cells and its relocation from the nuclear to the cell surface was common in hematological malignancy cell lines and marrow of leukemia patients. Furthermore, we found that cell surface PSF contributed to cell sensitivity by inhibiting cell proliferation. The results represent a novel and potentially useful biomarker for MDR prediction. The strategy enables the correlation of expression levels and functions of cell surface protein with some cell‐drug response traits by using antibodies. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Evaluation of displacement coefficient method for seismically retrofitted buildings with various ductility capacities
Authors: Dicleli Murat , Durucan Cengizhan
Published: December 2013

This research study is aimed at evaluating the accuracy of the displacement coefficient method (DCM) of FEMA 440 and associated nonlinear static procedure (NLSP) for actual buildings with soft story mechanism and various ductility capacities. The DCM and associated NLSP are evaluated using two existing seismically vulnerable buildings with soft story mechanism. The buildings are first retrofitted using a ductile steel‐brace‐link system to represent those with good ductility capacity and then retrofitted with RC squat infill shear panels (SISPs) to represent those with relatively poor ductility capacity. The evaluation of the DCM of FEMA 440 and associated NLSP is then performed by comparing the roof displacements (target displacements), maximum interstory drifts, and maximum plastic hinge rotations of the original and retrofitted buildings obtained from NLSP (at the target displacement level of DCM) with those obtained from nonlinear response history (NRH) analyses for three different seismic performance levels. It is observed that the DCM, and hence, the NLSP fail to accurately predict the NRH analyses results mainly due to uncertainties in the coefficient C1 of the DCM in the short period range, the inability of the DCM to capture the failure of structural members beyond a certain lateral displacement or plastic rotation limit and associated soft story mechanism. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graphic Recording
Authors: Dean‐Coffey Jara
Published: December 2013

This chapter explores graphic recording, which is a visualization process that captures the themes and ideas emerging from group discussions. This process is well suited for many phases of an evaluation, but is particularly useful in the initial and final stages to help the evaluator and stakeholder group explore context and clarify focus, discuss data collection findings, and determine their implications. The chapter provides information on what the graphic recording process can look like and how it can fit into evaluation practice, particularly the role that graphic recording can play in increasing cultural responsiveness and stakeholder understanding. The chapter concludes with common questions and answers about the graphic recording process. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3–Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 Composite Oxygen Electrodes for Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells
Authors: Jiang W. , Lü Z. , Wei B. , Wang Z. H. , Zhu X. B. , Tian Y. T. , Huang X. Q. , Su W. H.
Published: December 2013

In this paper, a series of Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3–Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (SSC–SDC) composite with different ratios were prepared and characterized as oxygen electrodes for solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). Yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was selected as the electrolyte with a SDC barrier layer to avoid detrimental solid state interaction between SSC and YSZ. At 850 °C, the impedance spectra showed that the optimum SDC content in the composite electrode was found to be about 30 wt.%, which showed a much lower area specific resistance of 0.03 Ω cm2. The electrochemical performances of a Ni–YSZ hydrogen electrode supported YSZ membrane SOEC with the SSC–SDC73 oxygen electrode were also measured at 750–850 °C. The hydrogen production rate calculated from the Faraday's law was 327 mL cm–2 h–1 at 850 °C at an electrolysis voltage of 1.3 V with a steam concentration of ∼40%, which indicated that the SSC–SDC73 was a promising oxygen electrode candidate for high temperature electrolysis cells.
MnO2 Supported Pt Nanoparticels with High Electrocatalytic Activity for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wang X. , Yang Z. , Zhang Y. , Jing L. , Zhao Y. , Yan Y. , Sun K.
Published: December 2013

We report the hydrothermal synthesis of manganese dioxide (MnO2) and its application as platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) support for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The prepared MnO2 samples with different hydrothermal reaction time were systematically investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), conforming that the crystalline structure of samples was transferred from γ phase to β phase, and the morphology was changed from microspheres to nanorods, respectively. The ORR activity of the samples was evaluated by rotating ring‐disk electrode (RRDE) method and the optimized sample was further utilized as PtNPs support to form a new nanocomposite used as ORR catalyst. We show that the 1 wt.%Pt@MnO2 has a promising performance toward the electrochemical catalytical reduction of oxygen, which an overall quasi 4‐electron transfer in ORR, as well as a limiting reduction current of 0.71 mA was achieved. In comparison with commercialized Pt@C and other Pt‐based catalysts, the MnO2 supported PtNP exhibited remarkable mass activity (per unit mass of Pt), as high as 7.07 mA μg–1, in alkaline solution. We demonstrate that the hydrothermal synthesized MnO2 may offer useful applications as reliable, cost‐effective and morphology controllable support for PtNP as efficient ORR catalysts.
Bifunctionalized Allenes, Part XI: Competitive Electrophilic Cyclization and Addition Reactions of 4‐Phosphorylated Allenecarboxylates
Authors: Ivanov Ivaylo K. , Parushev Ivaylo D. , Christov Valerij Ch.
Published: December 2013

The reaction of the 4‐phosphorylated allenecarboxylates with different electrophilic reagents such as sulfuryl chloride, bromine, benzenesulfanyl, and benzeneselanyl chlorides takes place with a 5‐endo‐trig cyclization or 2,3‐addition reaction depending on the kind of the substituents in the phosphoryl group. Treatment of the 4‐(dimethoxyphosphopyl)‐allenoates with electrophiles gives a mixture of 2,5‐dihydro‐1,2‐oxaphospholes and furan‐2(5H)‐ones in the ratio of about 1.7:1 as a result of the neighboring group participation of phosphonate and carboxylate groups in the cyclization. On the other hand, (3E)‐4‐(diphenylphosphoryl)‐alk‐3‐enoates were prepared, in moderate yields, by chemo‐, regio, and stereoselective electrophilic addition to the C2C3‐double bond in the allenoate moiety. A possible mechanism involving cyclization and addition reactions of the 4‐phosphorylated allenecarboxylates was proposed.
Quality‐Related HR Practices, Organizational Ethics, and Positive Work Attitudes: Implications for HRD
Authors: Valentine Sean , Hollingworth David , Francis Clare A.
Published: December 2013

Existing research suggests that human resource (HR) practices and corporate ethics, both of which are orchestrated through human resource development (HRD), enhance employees' work attitudes. Consequently, this study examined the degree to which employees' perception of organizational ethics mediates the relationship between their perceptions of quality‐related HR practices and work attitudes. Results obtained from structural equation modeling of data acquired from 187 professionals in a financial services firm showed full mediation. Stronger perceptions of quality‐related HR practices were associated with increased perceptions of organizational ethics, and stronger perceptions of organizational ethics were associated with more positive work attitudes. The results suggest that quality‐based HR practices can be used in companies to advance an ethical context, ultimately yielding more favorable work attitudes.
Decoding the components of dynamics in three‐domain proteins
Authors: Maciejewski Mateusz , Barlow Paul N. , Tjandra Nico
Published: December 2013

In this study, we examine the feasibility and limitations of describing the motional behavior of three‐domain proteins in which the domains are linearly connected. In addition to attempting the determination of the internal and overall reorientational correlation times, we investigate the existence of correlations in the motions between the three domains. Since in linearly arranged three‐domain proteins, there are typically no experimental data that can directly report on motional correlation between the first and the third domain, we address this question by dynamics simulations. Two limiting cases occur: (1) for weak repulsive potentials and (2) when strong repulsive potentials are applied between sequential domains. The motions of the terminal domains become correlated in the case of strong interdomain repulsive potentials when these potentials do not allow the angle between the sequential domains to be smaller than about 60°. Using the model‐free (MF) and extended MF formalisms of Lipari and Szabo, we find that the motional behavior can be separated into two components; the first component represents the concerted overall motion of the three domains, and the second describes the independent component of the motion of each individual domain. We find that this division of the motional behavior of the protein is maintained only when their timescales are distinct and can be made when the angles between sequential domains remain between 60° and 160°. In this work, we identify and quantify interdomain motional correlations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Potential innovations in separation technology by nature‐inspired membranes: beneath and beyond the Earth's crust
Authors: Jullok Nora
Published: December 2013

The understanding of complex bio‐mechanisms in nature is explored in this perspective as a way to effectively enable scientific advancements in membrane technology. The mechanisms of nature‐inspired technological improvements are first analyzed from macroscale to nanoscale. Separation methods using membranes can be related to natural separation mechanisms such as soil filtration, when the production of groundwater is considered. Innovative nature‐inspired mechanisms are presented, which include ideas in developing new methods for membrane synthesis in order to boost the vast range of applications of membrane separation processes. Future innovative applications discussed in this paper include nanoscale surface patterning, self‐organization, and the control of these processes. Improvements to existing membranes through the resemblance of natural mechanisms are also aimed towards realizing sustainable and cost‐effective systems. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry