bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New species of Duplominona Karling, 1966 and Pseudominona Karling, 1978 (Platyhelminthes: Proseriata) from the Caribbean
Authors: CURINI-GALLETTI MARCO , STOCCHINO GIACINTA A. , NORENBURG JON L.
Published: August 2019

Nine new species of Duplominona and one new Pseudominona (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata, Monocelididae) are described from the Caribbean coast of Panama and from Puerto Rico.                Duplominona aduncospina n. sp.; D. terdigitata n. sp.; D. pusilla n. sp.; D. bocasana n. sp. (from Panama) and D. dissimilispina n. sp.; D. chicomendesi n. sp.; D. macrocirrus n. sp.; D. diademata n. sp.; D. puertoricana n. sp. (from Puerto Rico) can be distinguished from the numerous congeneric species based on fine details of the sclerotized structures of the copulatory organ. Duplominona aduncospina n. sp. is characterised by a cirrus provided with 3–4 rows of recurve spines, 2–3 μm long. D. terdigitata n. sp. shows a tripartite tail, and needle-shaped cirrus spines, 1.5–9 μm long. Cirrus spines of D. pusilla n. sp. are scale-like, 1.5–3 μm long. D. bocasana n. sp. has triangular spines, 1.5–6 μm long. D. dissimilispina n. sp. has needle-shaped spines, 3.5–15 μm long. D. chicomendesi n. sp. has a small cirrus, with few, strongly curved spines, 2–7.5 μm long. D. macrocirrus n. sp. has a large cirrus, provided with spines 3–9 μm long, with the longest spines placed medially. D. diademata n. sp. has a cirrus with two separate spiny areas, with spines 7–13 μm long. D. puertoricana n. sp. has a very long cirrus, with poorly sclerotised proximal spines, and distal spines to 6 μm long. A taxonomic key of the genus Duplominona is provided. Pseudominona cancan n. sp. from Panama differs from P. dactylifera from Bermuda, the only species known in the genus so far, for its shorter cirrus and fewer, triangular spines 3–5 μm long, and for the position of the vagina, close to mouth. A specimen attributed to P. dactylifera collected in Puerto Rico is described. Distribution of the new species suggests a complete separation of Panamanian and Puerto Rican proseriate fauna, confirming previous reports of restricted ranges and high endemicity of mesopsammic Platyhelminthes.
Antitrust and Economic History: The Historic Failure of the Chicago School of Antitrust
Authors: Glick Mark
Published: August 2019

This article presents an historical analysis of the antitrust laws. Its central contention is that the history of antitrust can only be understood in light of U.S. economic history and the succession of dominant economic policy regimes that punctuated that history. The antitrust laws and a subset of other related policies have historically focused on the negative consequences resulting from the rise, expansion, and dominance of big business. Antitrust specifically uses competition as its tool to address these problems. The article traces the evolution of the emergence, growth, and expansion of big business over six economic eras: the Gilded Age, the Progressive Era, the New Deal, the post–World War II Era, the 1970s, and the era of neoliberalism. It considers three policy regimes: laissez-faire during the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era, the New Deal, policy regime from the Depression through the early 1970s, and the neoliberal policy regime that dominates today and includes the Chicago School of antitrust. The principal conclusion of the article is that the activist antitrust associated with the New Deal that existed from the late 1930s to the 1960s resulted in far stronger economic performance than have the policies of the Chicago School that have dominated antitrust policy since the 1980s.
Pain Management Stewardship Programs, Part I: A Review of Legislative and Regulatory Changes
Authors: Gibson Matthew , Nguyen Phuoc Anh (Anne) , Casserly Elizabeth Ann , Efird Leigh E. , Kuester Melanie K. , Masters Patricia , Miller Luke , Lewis Daniel A. , Weber Robert J.
Published: August 2019

Background: Opioid use is classified as an epidemic by many due to the impact of these medications on society. Federal and state laws for prescribing and dispensing opioids have changed rapidly in a short period of time to hopefully balance proper pain control with their use. Pharmacy directors must be informed of these rapid changes to effectively work as part of any opioid stewardship team. Objective: The objective of this study was to provide foundational leadership guidance to pharmacy directors on current opioid legislation, literature, and best practices to assist in improving opioid use. Methods: A review of the literature from 2003 to the present was conducted along with collating important up to date resources and other publications that provide foundational information to help support a comprehensive management of opioid use. A summary of these data has been collated into an easy to use table and summarized throughout this article. Conclusion: The information provided in this article helps to properly inform pharmacy leaders to the resources available to improve the prescribing, dispensing, and monitoring of opioids and alternatives.
Identities in Translation: Management Concepts as Means and Outcomes of Identity Work
Authors: van Grinsven Marlieke , Sturdy Andrew , Heusinkveld Stefan
Published: August 2019

This article seeks to develop our understanding of how management concepts are translated by examining the role of identity work in this process. Rather than a sole focus on changes in a management concept, we examine tensions and congruences between agents’ orientations towards that concept and how they see the broader organizational engagement with it. Through an examination of qualitative data from a study of those specifically tasked with the implementation of Lean in hospital contexts, we identify their narratives of self in relation to the concept. We show how, through four different types of translation-as-identity-work – externalizing, professionalizing, rationalizing and proselytizing – both the concept and the agent are constructed simultaneously. In recognizing interconnectedness, diversity and dynamism in these actors’ involvement, we seek to integrate, contextualize and broaden existing perspectives on agency in translation research.
Contemplation and Organization Studies: Why contemplative activities are so crucial for our academic lives
Authors: Bartunek Jean M.
Published: August 2019

Contemporary emphases on calculating the impact of our scholarship can be deadening if they lead us to refrain from contemplation. Thus, in this essay, I show the importance of contemplation and what contemplative dimensions of our scholarship might include. Based on four lines from the poem “Sometimes” by the poet Mary Oliver, I summarize ways that many activities carried out by organizational scholars embody Oliver’s “Instructions for living a life,” which consist solely of “Pay attention. Be astonished. Tell about it.” My summary shows some of the range of contemplative activities within our field, as well as integral relationships between contemplation and compassion. I conclude by highlighting the importance of the roles such activities play in our experiences of academic life and in our developmental journeys as scholars.
Eclecticism and the future of the burden-sharing research programme: Why Trump is wrong
Authors: Zyla Benjamin
Published: August 2019

Since the birth of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the Europeans and the Americans have disagreed about who should share how much of the collective security burden. The input side of alliance burden sharing – that is, how many troops a member state contributes to the alliance – has been the privileged variable, both at the political as well as the academic levels. Other output variables (e.g. numbers of troops deployed to a particular mission) are highly contested. This article offers an analytically eclecticist framework for studying Atlantic burden sharing that allows combining variables on the input and output sides of the alliance burden sharing debate with those that consider it a social practice.
Adaptive filter–based power curve modeling to estimate wind turbine power output
Authors: Dongre Bharti , Pateriya Rajesh Kumar
Published: August 2019

This article presents a comparative study of adaptive filter–based power curve models to estimate wind turbine power output. In the real world, wind turbines are never subjected to ideal conditions; thus, adaptive filter–based power curves serve best when estimating the power in a time-varying environment. Adaptive filter–based power curve is implemented using various algorithms like least mean square, kernel least mean square, recursive least square, and kernel recursive least square algorithms. All models have been developed on National Renewable Energy Laboratory datasets. The performance of various models has been compared on the basis of parameters like mean absolute error, root mean square error, and R-squared score. In addition to this, the learning curves of each method have been obtained to show the performance variation over time.
Proximal and Remote Acculturation: Adolescents’ Perspectives of Biculturalism in Two Contexts
Authors: Ferguson Gail M. , Iturbide Maria I. , Raffaelli Marcela
Published: August 2019

Immigration and globalization are at historic highs, making biculturalism, whether by way of immigration-based proximal acculturation or globalization-based remote acculturation, increasingly commonplace for adolescents. Using focus group interviews, this qualitative study explored Latinx adolescents’ ( n = 19, 13-19 years) views of proximal biculturalism in the United States, and Jamaican adolescents’ ( n = 15, 13-18 years) views of remote biculturalism in Jamaica in terms of the existence, adaptive value, and challenges of biculturalism. Findings of thematic analyses revealed that both groups of adolescents viewed biculturalism as possible in their respective contexts although differences in processes and mechanisms were evident. In addition, youth in both contexts saw biculturalism as beneficial for social and practical reasons. Finally, both groups acknowledged challenges related to biculturalism; however, internal conflicts based on physical appearance was a theme of discussion only among U.S. Latinxs, whereas problems fitting in were primary concerns for Jamaicans. Studying the similarities (and differences) between proximal and remote biculturalism can enrich biculturalism theory, and doing so from the adolescent point of view has important practical value by providing a fuller understanding of the experience of biculturalism among youth who are developing ethnic/cultural identities and planning their futures in diversifying cultural environments.
How the Popularity of Bullies Influences the Self-Esteem of Their Classmates: A Study of First-Year Middle School Students in South Korea
Authors: Lee Min-Ah , Shin Cholkyun , Kang Jeong-han
Published: August 2019

This study investigated whether and how classroom-level bullies’ friendship networks, which reflect the popularity of bullies, were associated with the self-esteem of middle school students in the classroom. We analyzed survey data from 2,444 students in 101 classrooms from 22 middle schools in Korea. Respondents reported their friends’ and bullies’ names from their classroom. For each student, we generated the number of close friends that a respondent reported (outdegree) and the number of classmates who nominated him or her as a close friend (indegree). Bullies’ popularity was measured by the sum of all the bullies’ indegrees in a classroom. The findings showed that students in a classroom of bullies with larger popularity had a lower level of self-esteem. Moreover, bullies’ popularity was harmful to nonvictims’ self-esteem as well as victims’ self-esteem. This study suggests that even indirect exposure to bullying in a classroom can decrease the self-esteem of nonvictims by leading to negative emotions such as anger, anxiety, fear, and/or guilty feelings.
Hypophosphataemia in confused half‐marathon runners: A report of two cases
Authors: Lo Yat Hei , Mok Ka Leung
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

Severe hypophosphataemia may occur in long distance runners presenting to Accident & Emergency (A&E) department with exertional heat illness.

Case presentation:

A 46‐year‐old man who collapsed in half marathon race was found to have raised body temperature (38.8°C) and confused with memory loss in the Accident & Emergency department. His amnesia was persistent even after his body temperature was normalized. He was found to have severe hypophosphataemia (0.21 mmol/L; reference range: 0.74 ‐ 1.4 mmol/L). He had a neurological recovery after phosphate replacement. Another 45‐year‐old female half marathon runner was found to have moderate hypophosphataemia (0.5 mmol/L) co‐presenting with exertional heat illness.

Discussion:

Moderate to severe hypophosphataemia complicated the clinical picture of the two cases presented with exertional heat illness. Causes of hypophosphataemia in runners are multifactorial.

Conclusion:

Emergency physician should be alert of profound hypophosphataemia as a complication in heat exertional illness.
The 10 commandments of exsanguinating pelvic fracture management
Authors: Kam Chak Wah , Law Ping Keung Joe , Lau Hon Wai Jacky , Ahmad Rashidi , Tse Chiu Lun Joseph , Cheng Mina , Lee Kin Bong , Lee Kin Yan
Published: August 2019

Background:

Unstable pelvic fractures are highly lethal injuries.

Objective:

The review aims to summarize the landmark management changes in the past two decades.

Methods:

Structured review based on pertinent published literatures on severe pelvic fracture was performed.

Results:

Ten key management points were identified.

Conclusion:

These 10 recommendations help diminish and prevent the mortality. (1) Before the ABCDE management, preparedness, protection, and decision are essential to optimize patient outcome and to conserve resources. (2) Do not rock the pelvis to check stability, avoid logrolling but prophylactic pelvic binder can be life-saving. (3) Computed tomography scanner can be the tunnel to death for hemodynamically unstable patients. (4) Correct application of pelvic binder at the greater trochanter level to achieve the most effective compression. (5) Choose the suitable binder (BEST does not exist, always look for BETTER) to facilitate body examination and therapeutic intervention. (6) Massive transfusion protocol is only a temporizing measure to sustain the circulation for life maintenance. (7) Damage control operation aims to promptly stop the bleeding to restore the physiology by combating the trauma lethal triad to be followed by definitive anatomical repair. (8) Protocol-driven teamwork management expedites the completion of the multi-phase therapy including external pelvic fixation, pre-peritoneal pelvic packing, and angio-embolization, preceded by laparotomy when indicated. (9) Resuscitation endovascular balloon occlusion of aorta can reduce the pelvic bleeding while awaiting hospital transfer or operation theater access. (10) Operation is the definitive therapy for trauma but prevention is the best treatment, comprising primary, secondary, and tertiary levels.
Mental health first aid for firearm owners: Addressing the elephant in the room
Authors: Diprose Adams Samuel HG
Published: August 2019

Suicide is the leading cause of firearm-related death in Australia. Mental health first aid (MHFA) training has demonstrated capacity to address the risk factors for suicide. This article proposes that online mental health first aid training should be a requirement for acquiring or renewing a firearms licence in Australia.
The hierarchical society: the politics of self-determination and the constitution of new states after 1919
Authors: Spanu Maja
Published: August 2019

International Relations scholarship disconnects the history of the so-called expansion of international society from the presence of hierarchies within it. In contrast, this article argues that these developments may in fact be premised on hierarchical arrangements whereby new states are subject to international tutelage as the price of acceptance to international society. It shows that hierarchies within international society are deeply entrenched with the politics of self-determination as international society expands. I substantiate this argument with primary and secondary material on the Minority Treaty provisions imposed on the new states in Central, Eastern and Southern Europe admitted to the League of Nations after World War I. The implications of this claim for International Relations scholarship are twofold. First, my argument contributes to debates on the making of the international system of states by showing that the process of expansion of international society is premised on hierarchy, among and within states. Second, it speaks to the growing body of scholarship on hierarchy in world politics by historicising where hierarchies come from, examining how diverse hierarchies are nested and intersect, and revealing how different actors navigate these hierarchies.
Beta-adrenergic antagonism alters functional connectivity during associative processing in a preliminary study of individuals with and without autism
Authors: Hegarty John P , Zamzow Rachel M , Ferguson Bradley J , Christ Shawn E , Porges Eric C , Johnson Jeffrey D , Beversdorf David Q
Published: August 2019

Beta-adrenergic antagonism (e.g. propranolol) has been associated with cognitive/behavioral benefits following stress-induced impairments and for some cognitive/behavioral domains in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. In this preliminary investigation, we examined whether the benefits of propranolol are associated with functional properties in the brain. Adolescents/adults (mean age = 22.54 years) with (n = 13) and without autism spectrum disorder (n = 13) attended three sessions in which propranolol, nadolol ( beta-adrenergic antagonist that does not cross the blood–brain barrier), or placebo was administered before a semantic fluency task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Autonomic nervous system measures and functional connectivity between language/associative processing regions and within the fronto-parietal control, dorsal attention, and default mode networks were examined. Propranolol was associated with improved semantic fluency performance, which was correlated with the baseline resting heart rate. Propranolol also altered network efficiency of regions associated with semantic processing and in an exploratory analysis reduced functional differences in the fronto-parietal control network in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Thus, the cognitive benefits from beta-adrenergic antagonism may be generally associated with improved information processing in the brain in domain-specific networks, but individuals with autism spectrum disorder may also benefit from additional improvements in domain-general networks. The benefits from propranolol may also be able to be predicted from baseline autonomic nervous system measures, which warrants further investigation.
Breaking Proportional Recovery After Stroke
Authors: Senesh Merav R. , Reinkensmeyer David J.
Published: August 2019

People with hemiparesis after stroke appear to recover 70% to 80% of the difference between their baseline and the maximum upper extremity Fugl-Meyer (UEFM) score, a phenomenon called proportional recovery (PR). Two recent commentaries explained that PR should be expected because of mathematical coupling between the baseline and change score. Here we ask, If mathematical coupling encourages PR, why do a fraction of stroke patients (the “nonfitters”) not exhibit PR? At the neuroanatomical level of analysis, this question was answered by Byblow et al—nonfitters lack corticospinal tract (CST) integrity at baseline—but here we address the mathematical and behavioral causes. We first derive a new interpretation of the slope of PR: It is the average probability of scoring across remaining scale items at follow-up. PR therefore breaks when enough test items are discretely more difficult for a patient at follow-up, flattening the slope of recovery. For the UEFM, we show that nonfitters are most unlikely to recover the ability to score on the test items related to wrist/hand dexterity, shoulder flexion without bending the elbow, and finger-to-nose movement, supporting the finding that nonfitters lack CST integrity. However, we also show that a subset of nonfitters respond better to robotic movement training in the chronic phase of stroke. These persons are just able to move the arm out of the flexion synergy and pick up small blocks, both markers of CST integrity. Nonfitters therefore raise interesting questions about CST function and the basis for response to intensive movement training.
Integrating Mindfulness Into Eating Behaviors
Authors: Sorensen Meredith D. , Arlinghaus Katherine R. , Ledoux Tracey A. , Johnston Craig A.
Published: August 2019

Food choices and eating behaviors are influenced by a wide variety of factors. However, traditional dietary advice primarily addresses health-related reasons for eating. Lifestyle medicine outcomes may be improved by helping individuals become more aware of why they eat and support individuals to increase their skills in reconciling eating for health and nonhealth purposes. Intuitive eating aims to increase individuals’ awareness of why, what, and how much they eat through mindfulness. This framework and concepts such as flexible restraint can be used to teach individuals skills that may help them improve psychological well-being and manage their weight.
The stigmatisation of source isolation: a literature review
Authors: Gammon John , Hunt Julian , Musselwhite Charles
Published: August 2019

Background

Isolation precautions in patients with multi-drug-resistant bacteria and other communicable infectious agents can be associated with adverse effects. Patients’ perspectives of isolation suggest that the imposed environment and procedures create barriers to their physical, social and emotional needs.

Aims

The purpose of this paper is to review the literature to uncover any reliable evidence supporting the assertion that stigma is a significant characteristic of the experience of source isolation in healthcare settings.

Methods

The methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley was applied to this review. A total of 14 papers identified from 189 abstracts screened were included in the review.

Results

The research reviewed suggests a clear association between stigmatisation and isolation in which stigma does have a direct negative effect on patients placed in hospital isolation. None of the studies found evidence to the contrary.

Conclusions

The implications of this literature review for policy-makers and healthcare professionals suggest that when isolation or other forms of constraint are implemented and in use, patients must be provided with strengthened forms of support, including social and emotional support, and given access to healthcare of optimal quality to prevent the associated adverse effects of isolation as much as possible.
Selective aerobic allylic oxidation of α-pinene catalyzed by metalloporphyrins in the absence of solvents and additives
Authors: Dong Huanhuan , Xu Shichao , Wang Jing , Chen Yuxiang , Bi Liangwu , Zhao Zhendong
Published: August 2019

Selective aerobic oxidation of α-pinene to high-value products is a major challenge in chemistry. Metalloporphyrins are proved to be selective catalysts for aerobic oxidation of simple hydrocarbons. Herein, we extend this method to more complex substrates using metallodeuteroporphyrins as model catalysts. It was found that the oxidation occurs mainly on the C=C and allylic C–H bonds of α-pinene influenced by the reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst concentration, and oxygen flow rate. Allylic C–H oxidation products are obtained with a maximum selectivity value of 78.4% using the following reaction conditions: 105°C, 7 h, 5 ppm, and 60 mL/min. The influence of the metal nuclei of the metallodeuteroporphyrins on this reaction is also investigated. It was found that metallodeuteroporphyrins with Fe3+ as the metal nucleus exhibit the highest catalytic activity.
Fluoroscopy-guided balloon dilation of a proximal urethral stricture caused by a urethral membrane in a female cat
Authors: Rincon Alvarez Javier , Smith Victoria , Broome Cameron
Published: August 2019

Case summary

A proximal urethral stricture was diagnosed by retrograde urethrogram in a 2-year-old female neutered cat, which was referred following a 2-month history of stranguria, pollakiuria and urinary incontinence. Cystoscopic examination confirmed the presence of a severe narrowing of the proximal urethra near to the bladder neck, consisting of a membrane arising from the urethral mucosa. Fluoroscopy-guided balloon dilation was performed. Twelve months after the procedure, the cat did not show any recurrence of clinical signs.

Relevance and novel information

To our knowledge, this is the first report of a proximal urethral stricture in a cat. Management by fluoroscopy-guided balloon dilation proved to be a successful and minimally invasive option with an excellent outcome.
Expression and significance of molecular profiles on eosinophils of children with food allergy
Authors: Ding Junqiong , Hou Jia , Liu Danru , Wang Ying , Wang Xiaoming , Wang Xiaochuan
Published: August 2019

Peripheral blood eosinophils may increase in food allergy (FA). However, the correlation between activation status of blood eosinophils and features of FA are unknown. We collected 25 cases of FA out-patients with increased number of eosinophils and 20 healthy children. Eosinophil surface markers were analyzed by flow cytometry. We found that CD23, CD44, CD54, and CRTH2 were positive on different eosinophils and that their expressions were increased in FA patients compared to the control individuals. There was a positive correlation with strong protein–protein interactions between the four eosinophil surface markers which were functionally involved in regulation of cell killing, interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway, and Epstein–Barr virus infection pathway. Thus, blood eosinophils change their phenotype during FA and induce significant gene regulation changes that may cause FA with eosinophilia. Detection of the expression of CD23, CD44, CD54, and CRTH2 on eosinophils can be used as indicators of FA with eosinophilia.
Mixed Student Ideas about Mechanisms of Human Weight Loss
Authors: Sripathi Kamali N. , Moscarella Rosa A. , Yoho Rachel , You Hye Sun , Urban-Lurain Mark , Merrill John , Haudek Kevin
Published: August 2019

Recent calls for college biology education reform have identified “pathways and transformations of matter and energy” as a big idea in biology crucial for students to learn. Previous work has been conducted on how college students think about such matter-transforming processes; however, little research has investigated how students connect these ideas. Here, we probe student thinking about matter transformations in the familiar context of human weight loss. Our analysis of 1192 student constructed responses revealed three scientific (which we label “Normative”) and five less scientific (which we label “Developing”) ideas that students use to explain weight loss. Additionally, students combine these ideas in their responses, with an average number of 2.19 ± 1.07 ideas per response, and 74.4% of responses containing two or more ideas. These results highlight the extent to which students hold multiple (both correct and incorrect) ideas about complex biological processes. We described student responses as conforming to either Scientific, Mixed, or Developing descriptive models, which had an average of 1.9 ± 0.6, 3.1 ± 0.9, and 1.7 ± 0.8 ideas per response, respectively. Such heterogeneous student thinking is characteristic of difficulties in both conceptual change and early expertise development and will require careful instructional intervention for lasting learning gains.
Endogenous Circadian Regulation of Female Reproductive Hormones
Authors: Rahman Shadab A , Grant Leilah K , Gooley Joshua J , Rajaratnam Shantha M W , Czeisler Charles A , Lockley Steven W
Published: August 2019

Context

Studies suggest that female reproductive hormones are under circadian regulation, although methodological differences have led to inconsistent findings.

Objective

To determine whether circulating levels of reproductive hormones exhibit circadian rhythms.

Design

Blood samples were collected across ∼90 consecutive hours, including 2 baseline days under a standard sleep-wake schedule and ∼50 hours of extended wake under constant routine (CR) conditions.

Setting

Intensive Physiological Monitoring Unit, Brigham and Women’s Hospital.

Participants

Seventeen healthy premenopausal women (22.8 ± 2.6 years; nine follicular; eight luteal).

Interventions

Fifty-hour CR.

Main Outcome Measures

Plasma estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), LH, FSH, SHBG, melatonin, and core body temperature.

Results

All hormones exhibited significant 24-hour rhythms under both standard sleep-wake and CR conditions during the follicular phase (P < 0.05). In contrast, only FSH and SHBG were significantly rhythmic during the luteal phase. Rhythm acrophases and amplitudes were similar between standard sleep-wake and CR conditions. The acrophase occurred in the morning for P4; in the afternoon for FSH, LH, and SHBG; and during the night for E2.

Conclusions

Our results confirm previous reports of ∼24-hour rhythms in many female reproductive hormones in humans under ambulatory conditions but demonstrate that these hormones are under endogenous circadian regulation, defined as persisting in the absence of external time cues. These results may have important implications for the effects of circadian disruption on reproductive function.
Fourth and Long
Authors: Frank Morgan Day
Published: August 2019

Literary scholars in recent years have endowed institutions with tremendous explanatory power, insisting that these social formations exercise a determining influence on cultural production. The fiction that institutions can impose themselves as coherent subjects on cultural activity has its origins in the Progressive Era and persists today across a variety of social contexts beyond literary studies, surfacing even (and especially) in moments of institutional precarity. This essay examines three such moments: the losing football games in Owen Johnson’s early campus novel Stover at Yale (1912) and Don DeLillo’s postwar experimental novel End Zone (1972) and Jay M. Smith and Mary Willingham’s exposé of the athletics scandals at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Cheated (2015). The fact that the institutional analysis of End Zone and the institutional critique of Cheated so closely resemble the celebration of institutions in Stover at Yale—the fact that the progressive fiction of institutional subjecthood has reasserted itself even when writers like DeLillo, Smith, and Willingham set out to denaturalize it—reflects the fundamental inadequacy of recent critical attempts to fathom literary history at the scale of the institution.
Influência das estratégias de promoções de vendas no comportamento de compra das consumidoras Plus Size no segmento varejista de vestuário
Authors: Pires Vanessa Aparecida David , Vicente Victor Manuel Barbosa
Published: August 2019

O presente estudo tem por objetivo investigar a influência das promoções de vendas ofertadas pelo segmento varejista de vestuário no comportamento de compra das mulheres plus size. A pesquisa é de cunho quantitativo e utilizou dados coletados a partir de questionários estruturados individuais, aplicados em uma amostra de 117 mulheres plus size, escolhidas aleatoriamente. As informações coletadas foram submetidas a técnicas de análise descritivas, ao cruzamento de variáveis (crosstabs) e ao teste de associação Qui-quadrado. Os principais achados indicam que as estratégias de promoção de vendas que mais influenciam o comportamento de compra de mulheres plus size no segmento varejista de vestuário são as que envolvem desconto no preço e a exposição das peças em vitrines. Outras variáveis de promoção de vendas também influenciam, positivamente, o comportamento de compra das consumidoras plus size e devem ser consideradas nas estratégias de marketing para esse público específico.
Gynecological problems and the health of University Students
Authors: Shahid Ayesha
Published: August 2019

.
Recalibrating the ‘world map’ of palliative care development
Authors: Baur Nicole , Centeno Carlos , Garralda Eduardo , Connor Stephen , Clark David
Published: August 2019

Background: Despite growing interest from policy makers, researchers and activists, there is still little science to underpin the global development of palliative care. This study presents the methods deployed in the creation of a ‘world map’ of palliative care development. Building on two previous iterations, with improved rigour and taking into account reviewers’ feedback, the aim of the study is to determine the level of palliative care development in 198 countries in 2017, whilst ensuring comparability with previous versions. We present methods of data collection and analysis.

Methods and analysis: Primary data on the level of palliative care development in 2017 was collected from in-country experts through an online questionnaire and, where required, supplemented by published documentary sources and grey literature. Population and per capita opioid consumption data were derived from independent sources. Data analysis was conducted according to a new scoring system and algorithm developed by the research team.  

Ethics and dissemination: The study was approved by the University of Glasgow College of Social Sciences Research Ethics Committee. Findings of the study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, as a contribution to the second edition of the Global Atlas of Palliative Care at the End-of-Life, and via social media, including the Glasgow End of Life Studies Group blog and the project website.

Limitations of the study: There are potential biases associated with self-reporting by key in-country experts. In some countries, the identified key expert failed to complete the questionnaire in whole or part and data limitations were potentially compounded by language restrictions, as questionnaires were available only in three European languages. The study relied in part on data from independent sources, the accuracy of which could not be verified.
Epi-Regularization of Risk Measures
Authors: Kouri Drew P. , Surowiec Thomas M.
Published: August 2019

Uncertainty pervades virtually every branch of science and engineering, and in many disciplines, the underlying phenomena can be modeled by partial differential equations (PDEs) with uncertain or random inputs. This work is motivated by risk-averse stochastic programming problems constrained by PDEs. These problems are posed in infinite dimensions, which leads to a significant increase in the scale of the (discretized) problem. In order to handle the inherent nonsmoothness of, for example, coherent risk measures and to exploit existing solution techniques for smooth, PDE-constrained optimization problems, we propose a variational smoothing technique called epigraphical (epi-)regularization. We investigate the effects of epi-regularization on the axioms of coherency and prove differentiability of the smoothed risk measures. In addition, we demonstrate variational convergence of the epi-regularized risk measures and prove the consistency of minimizers and first-order stationary points for the approximate risk-averse optimization problem. We conclude with numerical experiments confirming our theoretical results.
Safety assessment of microsilver-loaded poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) cement spacers in patients with prosthetic hip infections
Authors: Alt Volker , Rupp Markus , Lemberger Karsten , Bechert Thorsten , Konradt Thomas , Steinrücke Peter , Schnettler Reinhard , Söder Stephan , Ascherl Rudolf
Published: August 2019

Objectives

Preclinical data showed poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) loaded with microsilver to be effective against a variety of bacteria. The purpose of this study was to assess patient safety of PMMA spacers with microsilver in prosthetic hip infections in a prospective cohort study.

Methods

A total of 12 patients with prosthetic hip infections were included for a three-stage revision procedure. All patients received either a gentamicin-PMMA spacer (80 g to 160 g PMMA depending on hip joint dimension) with additional loading of 1% (w/w) of microsilver (0.8 g to 1.6 g per spacer) at surgery 1 followed by a gentamicin-PMMA spacer without microsilver at surgery 2 or vice versa. Implantation of the revision prosthesis was carried out at surgery 3.

Results

In total, 11 of the 12 patients completed the study. No argyria or considerable differences in laboratory parameters were detected. Silver blood concentrations were below or around the detection limit of 1 ppb in ten of the 11 patients. A maximum of 5.6 ppb at 48 hours after implantation of the silver spacer, which is below the recommended maximum level of 10 ppb, was found in one patient. No silver was detected in the urine. Drainage fluids showed concentrations between 16.1 ppb and 23.3 ppb at 12 hours after implantation of the silver spacers, and between 16.8 ppb to 25.1 ppb at 48 hours after implantation. Pathohistological assessment of the periprosthetic membrane did not reveal any differences between the two groups.

Conclusion

Microsilver-loaded gentamicin-PMMA spacers showed good biocompatibility and the broad antimicrobial activity warrants further clinical research to assess its effectivity in reducing infection rates in prosthetic joint infection. Cite this article: V. Alt, M. Rupp, K. Lemberger, T. Bechert, T. Konradt, P. Steinrücke, R. Schnettler, S. Söder, R. Ascherl. Safety assessment of microsilver-loaded poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) cement spacers in patients with prosthetic hip infections: Results of a prospective cohort study. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:387–396. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.88.BJR-2018-0270.R1.
Rapid analysis of bacterial composition in prosthetic joint infection by 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing
Authors: Chen Mei-Feng , Chang Chih-Hsiang , Chiang-Ni Chuan , Hsieh Pang-Hsin , Shih Hsin-Nung , Ueng Steve W. N. , Chang Yuhan
Published: August 2019

Objectives

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is the most common cause of arthroplasty failure. However, infection is often difficult to detect by conventional bacterial cultures, for which false-negative rates are 23% to 35%. In contrast, 16S rRNA metagenomics has been shown to quantitatively detect unculturable, unsuspected, and unviable pathogens. In this study, we investigated the use of 16S rRNA metagenomics for detection of bacterial pathogens in synovial fluid (SF) from patients with hip or knee PJI.

Methods

We analyzed the bacterial composition of 22 SF samples collected from 11 patients with PJIs (first- and second-stage surgery). The V3 and V4 region of bacteria was assessed by comparing the taxonomic distribution of the 16S rDNA amplicons with microbiome sequencing analysis. We also compared the results of bacterial detection from different methods including 16S metagenomics, traditional cultures, and targeted Sanger sequencing.

Results

Polymicrobial infections were not only detected, but also characterized at different timepoints corresponding to first- and second-stage exchange arthroplasty. Similar taxonomic distributions were obtained by matching sequence data against SILVA, Greengenes, and The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). All bacteria isolated from the traditional culture could be further identified by 16S metagenomics and targeted Sanger sequencing.

Conclusion

The data highlight 16S rRNA metagenomics as a suitable and promising method to detect and identify infecting bacteria, most of which may be uncultivable. Importantly, the method dramatically reduces turnaround time to two days rather than approximately one week for conventional cultures. Cite this article: M-F. Chen, C-H. Chang, C. Chiang-Ni, P-H. Hsieh, H-N. Shih, S. W. N. Ueng, Y. Chang. Rapid analysis of bacterial composition in prosthetic joint infection by 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:367–377. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.88.BJR-2019-0003.R2.
Optimal Housing and Manure Management Strategies to Favor Productive and Environment-Friendly Dairy Farms in Québec, Canada: Part I. Representative Farm Simulations
Authors: Charbonneau Édith , Binggeli Simon , Dion Jean-Michel , Pellerin Doris , Chantigny Martin H. , Godbout Stéphane , Fournel Sébastien
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Tie-stall housing (93%) and solid manure management (44%) are used on many dairy farms in the province of Québec, Canada. However, this could change in the near future because the rise in average herd size and the popularity of milking robots are such that the industry expects an increase in free-stall dairies managing manure with liquid systems. This shift could affect the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) footprints of Québec’s dairy production. In this context, whole-farm modeling (N-CyCLES), considering all the production cycle, provides a tool for evaluating the economics and environmental impacts of standard housing and manure management systems (Part I) in combination with different mitigation approaches (Part II). Two representative dairy farms in southwestern Québec (SWQ; 45.3° N, 73.2° W) and eastern Québec (EQ; 48.45° N, 68.1° W) were simulated considering four scenarios involving combinations of tie-stall or free-stall housing and solid or liquid manure management. Maximum farm net income (FNI) was $0.33 and $0.18 kg-1 of fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM) for the SWQ and EQ farms, respectively, with N and P footprints of 12.22 to 16.99 g N kg-1 and 0.52 to 0.79 g P kg-1 of FPCM in SWQ, and 11.48 to 15.39 g N kg-1 and 1.41 to 1.88 g P kg-1 of FPCM in EQ. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reached 1.78 to 1.87 kg CO2e kg-1 and 1.67 to 1.71 kg CO2e kg-1 of FPCM in SWQ and EQ, respectively. The SWQ farm was associated with greater production of cash crops but also greater imports of fertilizers and purchased feeds, which negatively affected the N footprint and GHG emissions. Housing and manure management types did not influence FNI. Free-stall dairies were associated with greater N surpluses. Nevertheless, they emitted slightly less GHG than tie-stall dairies. Dairy farms under liquid manure management imported less fertilizers and produced less GHG despite greater CH4 emissions. As a result, the current transition toward free-stall barns and liquid manure systems in Québec seems advantageous from an environmental standpoint without compromising economic profitability. Keywords: Climate change, Dairy cow, Farm net income, Free stall, Greenhouse gas emission, Manure handling, Mitigation, Nutrient footprint, Tie stall, Whole-farm model.
Effect of Storage Moisture Content on Milling Characteristics of Rough Rice
Authors: Prakash Bhagwati , Siebenmorgen Terry J. , Gibson Kristen E. , Kumari Shweta
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Rough rice in the Mid-South U.S. is typically stored and milled at a moisture content (MC) between 12% and 13% on a wet basis. Drying harvested rice to lesser MCs requires increasingly greater energy and reduces the overall mass of rice, both of which translate into lesser financial return for the crop. Considering these disadvantages of drying and storing rice at lesser MCs, farmers and grain handlers have been interested in exploring storing rice at slightly greater MCs. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of storing rice at five MCs (11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, and 15%) on milling characteristics, particularly surface lipid content (SLC), milled rice yield (MRY), and head rice yield (HRY); additionally, the effects of storing rice at two storage temperatures (25°C and 35°C) and several storage durations (up to one year) on milling characteristics were investigated. Five long-grain rice lots were harvested in 2016 and 2017 from several locations in Arkansas; rice from each lot was gently dried to the target MCs and then stored in sealed glass jars at selected temperatures. With an increase in storage MC, shorter milling durations were needed to achieve a given SLC, which could potentially reduce the cost of the milling operation. However, rice samples stored at greater MCs were observed to have lesser HRYs, which could reduce the economic value of rice. The mean HRYs of the 15% MC samples were 4.8 to 9.1 percentage points less than the mean HRYs of the 12% MC samples. This study quantifies the milling characteristics of rice when stored for various durations at different MCs and temperatures. Overall, these data will allow the rice industry to make informed decisions related to storage conditions of rice, specifically storage MC. Keywords: Head rice yield, Milling, Moisture content, Rice, Storage.
The Effects of Biogas Fuel in an Electric Generator on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Power Output, and Fuel Consumption
Authors: Itodo Isaac N. , Yakubu Dorcas K. , Kaankuka Theresa K.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The rising cost of fossil fuels, global warming from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, unreliable grid supply electricity, and overdependence on hydropower electricity have resulted in low electricity per capita in Nigeria. This study was undertaken to produce, purify, and use biogas as a fuel to generate electricity with a 3.5 kW spark-ignition engine generator and determine its effect on GHG emissions, power output, and fuel consumption. Unpurified and purified biogas were used as fuels. The biogas was purified in water and in a calcium chloride solution. The fuels used to power the generator were gasoline, unpurified biogas, water-purified biogas, and calcium chloride-purified biogas. The GHGs measured were carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and sulfur dioxide. The biogas was produced with a 3 m3 capacity floating-drum biogas plant. The total solids concentration and carbon/nitrogen ratio of the influent and effluent slurries were determined. The effects of fuel type on GHG emissions were determined in a 4 × 4 factorial experiment with three replicates in a completely randomized design. The effects of fuel type on power output and fuel consumption of the generator were determined in a 4 × 2 factorial experiment with three replicates in a completely randomized design. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance at p = 0.05. Duncan’s new multiple range test was used to separate means when there was significant difference. The results obtained showed that carbon dioxide emission was not affected by purification of the biogas because the carbon dioxide emissions from the fuel types were not significantly different. The carbon monoxide emission was much higher from the unpurified biogas than from the purified biogas fuels, although gasoline had the highest carbon monoxide emission. The water-purified biogas had the least carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide emissions. The unpurified biogas had the least nitrogen oxide emission compared to the purified biogas fuels and gasoline. The power output from the unpurified biogas was not significantly different from that of gasoline and was higher than the purified biogas fuels. The fuel consumptions of the purified biogas fuels were not significantly different. The water-purified biogas is recommended for use as fuel for the production of electricity from a spark-ignition engine generator. Keywords: Biogas, Effects, Electricity, Fuel consumption, Greenhouse gas emissions, Power output.