bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy Semi and Fuzzy Strongly Semi Two-Absorbing Second Sub-modules
Authors: Hanoon Wafaa H. , Ibrahim Aseel S.
Published: December 2024

In this work, fuzzy semi Two-Absorbing second sub-modules and fuzzy strongly semi Two-Absorbing second sub-modules are presented. The connections between fuzzy semi prime (fuzzy strongly semi prime) second sub-modules, fuzzy quasi prime (fuzzy strongly quasi prime) second sub-modules, and fuzzy Two-Absorbing (fuzzy strongly Two-Absorbing) second sub-modules are also covered. Here are some fundamental characteristics and attributes of these ideas.
Investigation of Bounded Modules and Some related Concepts
Authors: Shihab Buthyna Najad , Murad Mohammed Salman
Published: December 2024

The definition of a class of module as well as submodule namely (bounded module and bounded submodule) has introduced in  various ways.  In this study, we concentrate on some comparisons  and analyzations of bounded module’s properties and its relation specifically with prime module and other types of modules and submodules such as: scalar, multiplication, and cyclic modules. In addition, we scan the behavior of this concept under some conditions in order to reach other types of modules and given some counterexamples for several unsatisfying relationships. Finally, we add some new results about some types of modules that are related to bounded modules and open a new path that encourage other researchers about this topic.
Healthcare Intelligence and Decision Making: Big Data’s Role in Predictive Analytics for Clinical Decision-Making
Authors: Mohammed Sahar Yousif , Jumaah Noora Saleem , Abbas Estabraq , Ali Haifaa Mhammad , Aljanabi Mohammad
Published: December 2024

Technology and data are transforming healthcare systems. The use of big data in predictive analytics to anticipate healthcare outcomes, make accurate diagnoses, and improve care is a major advance. Predictive modeling analyzes patient data from EHRs, genetic data, and wearable devices to improve early diagnosis, targeted treatment, and efficiency. For example, predictors of chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease can identify high-risk groups and treat them early, improving outcomes and saving money. A backpack matched to the patient's genetics and surroundings is also used. Privacy, system integration, and algorithmic transparency remain major issues. Predictive analytics may transform healthcare and overcome adoption hurdles in early detection and individualized care, as this article shows.
Anomaly-Based IDS (Intrusion Detection System) for Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Awaad Ahmad Muter , Alheeti Khattab M Ali , Najem Abdul Kream A.H.
Published: December 2024

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are critical infrastructures that integrate physical processes with computational components. The security of CPS is paramount, as any breach can lead to severe consequences. Anomaly-based intrusion detection systems (IDS) have emerged as a promising approach to safeguard CPS against cyber threats. This paper presents an anomaly-based IDS designed specifically for CPS, leveraging machine learning techniques to establish a baseline of normal system behaviour and promptly detect deviations indicative of malicious activities. The proposed system incorporates multiple classification techniques, including KNeighbors, RandomForest, XGB, DecisionTree, SGD, SVM, LGBM, AdaBoost, Bagging, and MLP Classifier, to enhance detection accuracy and robustness. Key components of the IDS, such as data collection, feature extraction, anomaly detection, and alert generation, are thoroughly outlined. The system's performance is evaluated, highlighting its effectiveness in accurately identifying intrusions while maintaining low false positive rates. The proposed anomaly-based IDS aims to provide a robust and reliable solution for enhancing the security of CPS and protecting critical infrastructure from cyber threats.
Optimal Scaling of an Algorithmic Parameter in Restart Strategies
Authors: Schönenberger Lisa , Beyer Hans-Georg
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates restart strategies for algorithms whose success depends
on an algorithmic parameter. It is assumed that there exists a unique unknown
optimal. After each restart is increased. The main question is whether there
is an optimal strategy for choosing after each restart. To this end, possible
restart strategies are classified into parameter-dependent strategy types. A loss
function is introduced, that measures the wasted computational costs compared
to the optimal strategy. One criterion that a viable restart strategy must satisfy
is that the loss relative to the optimal is bounded. Experimental evidence
demonstrates that this is not the case for all strategy types. However, for a
specific strategy type, where the parameter is increased multiplicatively with
an increasing constant, the relative loss function has an upper bound. It will
be shown, that for this strategy type there is an optimal choice for the parameter
that is independent of the optimal.
Analysis of Nominal and Real Exchange Rates in the Iraqi Economy (1970-2013)
Authors: Yaqub Kamaran Qader
Published: December 2024

his research paper investigates the distinction between the nominal exchange rate and the real exchange rate, highlighting their insinuations for economic policies and export dynamics in Iraqi economy. The nominal exchange rate measures the relative price between two different currencies, defined as the number of domestic currency units required to purchase one unit of a foreign currency. While the real exchange rate is considered as a relative price of non-tradeable goods against tradable goods. The research paper also analyses numerous indices for evaluating the real exchange rate, recognizing the most appropriate method for the Iraqi economy. Moreover, the key roles of money supply and oil revenues in determining the exchange rate dynamics are considered. Given the dominance of oil sector in the Iraqi economy, its far-reaching effect on macroeconomic circumstance, including the exchange rate, is thoroughly tested. This study delivers a comprehensive outline for empathetic the interaction between exchange rates, money supply, government expenditure and monetary policies in a resource-dependent economy.
Marketing intelligence and competitive advantage of small businesses in Lagos State
Authors: Shittu K.A. , Ishola S.A. , Bamisaye S.O.
Published: December 2024

Every business entity wants to perform and have a reasonable position in the market and this could be achieved when the business entities have and transform information in their disposal. Thus, the study examined marketing intelligence and competitive advantage of small businesses in Lagos State. The study used descriptive research design and simple random sampling method. The study collected data from the primary source of data collection through the use of questionnaire as the research instrument. 381 copies of questionnaire were administered to the small business owners in Lagos State but 277 were returned and found usable. The regression analysis indicated that product intelligence has a positive and significant effect on competitive advantage of small businesses. Also, competitive intelligence has a positive and significant effect on competitive advantage of small businesses. The study concluded that marketing intelligence is a determinant to attainment of competitive advantage of small businesses in Lagos State. Thus, the study concluded that  small businesses should continue to collect information about their product and process the information to achieve business objectives and the small business should continue to gathers and analyzes information about its industry, business environment, competitors, and products with the goal of directing their future strategy as to have performed better and have a position in the market.
Setting psicanalítico virtual, des-construção dos muros e democratização da psicanálise:
Authors: Postigo Vanuza Monteiro Campos , Andrade Regina Glória Nunes
Published: December 2024

Em nossa comunicação exploramos o nascimento de um setting psicanalítico virtual, rastreando como a clínica psicanalítica acelerou o processo de ocupação da cibercultura. A COVID-19, com sua exigência de isolamento social, suscitou que os psicanalistas acelerassem a adesão ao ciberespaço. Se até então os psicanalistas utilizavam pontual e excepcionalmente o setting virtual, a partir da pandemia de 2020 o movimento psicanalítico aderiu maciçamente a esta modalidade de atendimento remoto, instalando um novo espaço de atuação e de transmissão da psicanálise. O movimento psicanalítico já vinha avançando nos extramuros e ampliando seus espaços de atuação, mas na ágora digital a psicanálise se expandiu com a des-construção dos muros, favorecendo aos psicanalistas e aos psicanalisandos o acesso e a democratização da psicanálise. A metodologia adotada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e revisão da literatura psicanalítica disponível em livros e artigos de revistas.
The Impact of Fiscal Decentralization on Selected Macroeconomic Variables at the County Level in Romania from 1999 to 2023
Authors:   “Victor Slăvescu” Centre for Financial and Monetary Research, “Costin C. Kiriţescu” National Institute for Economic Research, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania, Ailincă Alina Georgeta
Published: December 2024

In addition to the information held at the national level, regional statistics can provide extremely valuable information regarding disparities at the local level. Thus, this paper explores the impact of fiscal decentralization on some important macroeconomic parameters at the subnational level. The article uses a panel econometric model to analyze the impact of fiscal decentralization on variables such as employment, nominal salary and gross added value at the county level in Romania in the period 1999–2023. We used the method of ordinary least squares and the techniques of extrapolation, interpolation, and Granger causality. The findings reveal that fiscal decentralization can improve certain parameters, but at the same time it must comply with certain conditions for a substantial effect at the local level. Beyond the need for a certain level of responsibility and local institutional autonomy, for a relevant impact, the decentralization process also requires a better correlation between the decentralization of local expenditures and revenues and an effective prioritization of objectives.
Evaluation of the Rural Tourism Potential of a Taurus Highland: The Case of Ağla, Köyceğiz
Authors:   Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Faculty of Tourism, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Türkiye, ÇELIK ILAL Nur , ARIKAN SALTIK Ișil ,   Department of Tourism Management, Fethiye Faculty of Business Administration, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Türkiye
Published: December 2024

Tourism is among the key sectors prioritised in both developed and developing countries due to its positive economic impact. However, the adverse environmental and socio-cultural impacts of mass tourism led to a growing interest in alternative forms of tourism. In this context, rural tourism, which is well suited to rural areas and offers various advantages in terms of environmental sustainability, is one of the most outstanding types of tourism. Located at an altitude of 800 meters, Ağla is a highland that maintains traditional rural characteristics in the Taurus Mountains in Türkiye. Alongside its natural beauty, Ağla stands out as an authentic rural area in Muğla due to its socio-cultural attributes dating back to ancient times. This study aims to evaluate the current status and potential of rural tourism in the Ağla Plateau in Muğla. Employing a qualitative research design, data were gathered through on-site observation and interviews. The data were subsequently analyzed using a SWOT analysis to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in relation to rural tourism. The findings were assessed with a focus on sustainable rural tourism development. It has been evaluated that the limitation of rural tourism entrepreneurship of the local people is one of the weaknesses, while original cultural events, especially the Mahya festival held in Ağla Highland, have the potential to create significant opportunities for the development of rural tourism. The study was concluded with the suggestion to similar destinations and practioners who give importance the sustainable development of rural tourism. In conclusion, it is recommended to give importance to rural tourism throughout the year by eliminating infrastructure deficiency, improving transportation facilities, improving accommodation and social facilities in Ağla, Köyceğiz.
Connection Matrices on the Siegel-Jacobi Upper Half Space and Extended Siegel-Jacobi Upper Half Space
Authors:   “Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Theoretical Physics, Reactorului 30, RO-077125, PO BOX MG-6, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania, BABALIC ELENA MIRELA , BERCEANU STEFAN ,   “Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Theoretical Physics, Reactorului 30, RO-077125, PO BOX MG-6, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania
Published: December 2024

" The inverse of the metric matrices on the Siegel-Jacobi upper half space XJn , invariant to the restricted real Jacobi group GJn
(R)0 and extended Siegel-Jacobi
XJn upper half space, invariant to the action of the real Jacobi GJ
n(R), are presented.
The results are relevant for Berezin quantization of the manifolds XJn and X˜Jn . Explicit
calculations in the case n = 2 are given."
EPR Paradox and Quantum Field Theories
Authors:   Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, PO Box MG-6, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania, JORA RENATA
Published: December 2024

"We discuss the EPR paradox and study an example of this in a quantum field theoretical context. We show that there is always an alternative description of QFT in which particles that interact at a moment in time remain entangled and therefore in a form of contact at any spatial or temporal separation. Consequently the correlations of
spin or other properties of the particles long time after they cease to interact is perfectly natural and justifiable."
Loss function in a three layer silicene structure at zero temperature
Authors:   University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, PO Box MG11, 077125, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania, CARAIANI C. , ION L. ,   "1.University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, PO Box MG11, 077125, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania 2. Materials and Devices for Electronics and Optoelectronics Research Center, PO Box MG11, 077125, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania"
Published: December 2024

"We compute theoretically the loss function in a three layer silicene structure within random phase approximation (RPA) at zero temperature in the homogeneous and inhomogeneous cases. We get analytical expressions for the loss function restricted to the acoustic and optical plasmon branches in the long wavelength approximation. Numerical computations show that as we increase the interlayer distance between the silicene layers the broadened peaks in the loss function associated with the damped
plasmons start to merge. Another important effect that we observe numerically is that the plasmonic spectral weight of the loss function associated with undamped plasmonic branches is dominated by the acoustic plasmons."
Study of plasmonic silver nanoparticles synthesized by conventional and eco-friendly methods with ultraviolet irradiation
Authors:   Alexandu Ioan Cuza University, Physics Faculty, Iasi, Romania, R. PLESNICUTE , ELUTA M. ,   Alexandu Ioan Cuza University, Physics Faculty, Iasi, Romania, LES-AGAVRILOAEI A. ,   Alexandu Ioan Cuza University, Physics Faculty, Iasi, Romania, MOTRESCU I. ,   Ion Ionescu de la Brad University of Life Sciences, Iasi, Romania, OPRICA L. ,   Alexandu Ioan Cuza University, Biology Faculty, Iasi, Romania, CREANGA D. ,   Alexandu Ioan Cuza University, Physics Faculty, Iasi, Romania
Published: December 2024

The synthesis of some silver nanoparticles was carried out by twostep reduction, with chemical or biological antioxidants, and subsequent exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Synthesis efficiency was progressively increased after 30 min during second step: about 40% increase of LSPR band intensity for chemical reducing and more than 100% enhancing for biological reducing.
An Advanced Hybrid Model Based On Stochastic - Eulerian Numerical Approach: Application To Atmospheric Pollution
Authors:   Laboratory of Materials, Signals, Systems and Physical Modeling, Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco, AJDOUR AMINE , YDIR BRAHIM ,   Laboratory of Materials, Signals, Systems and Physical Modeling, Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco, CHAOUFI JAMAL ,   Laboratory of Materials, Signals, Systems and Physical Modeling, Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco, LEGHRIB RADOUANE ,   Laboratory of Materials, Signals, Systems and Physical Modeling, Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we propose for the first time to the best of our knowledge, extend the application of a stochastic Eulerian numerical approach based on the Extended Kalman Filter (EKFE.N.M.) to address the limitations of the Eulerian air pollution model CHIMERE. This approach integrates a comprehensive set of processes, including advection, turbulence, chemical reactions, emissions, and deposition, to model the dynamics of pollutant mass concentration. The EKF technique is employed to transform nonlinear dynamic problems into a succession of locally linearized ones, which are then used to estimate system states and adjust pollutant concentrations based on measured data. This stochastic approach is tested through two scenarios: one without external forces or control terms, and another that incorporates external factors like temperature, wind speed, and nitrogen dioxide as ozone precursors. A comparison of the obtained results with those from the standard CHIMERE model and studies from the literature demonstrates the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method.
INFLUENȚA VALORILOR UMANE ASUPRA MECANISMELOR DE COPING
Authors:   Universitatea din București, Facultatea de Psihologie și Științele Educației,, NIJLOVEANU DORINA MARIA , ROCO MIHAELA ,   Universitatea din București, Facultatea de Psihologie și Științele Educației
Published: December 2024

Especially in crisis situations it is necessary for people to activate inner resources to help them cope. This research focuses on two basic concepts, coping and human values. The objective of this study was to see which of the 10 human values influence different coping mechanisms. The sample consisted of 397 participants aged between 18 and 67 years with varying levels of professional and academic background. The results of regression analyses reported statistically significant influences for three of the four major coping dimensions, such that tradition negatively influences, self-direction, universalism, security, and benevolence positively influence problem-focused coping; self-direction negatively influences, achievement, benevolence, and hedonism positively influence social support-focused coping; universalism and self-direction negatively influence, and tradition, power, hedonism, and stimulation positively influence avoidance coping. Dimensions of emotion-focused coping is not influenced by any of the human values.
ÎN AMINTIREA PROFESORULUI ZIMBARDO – DE LA PSIHOLOGIA RĂULUI LA PSIHOLOGIA EROISMULUI – (1933–2024)
Authors:   Institutul de Filosofie și Psihologie C. Rădulescu-Motru, LIȚĂ ȘTEFAN
Published: December 2024

IN MEMORIAM
Guia Prático de Pediatria - Edição I
Authors: MARIA OLIVEIRA FERREIRA INGRIDY , BELLE MORAES GONÇALVES ALINE
Published: December 2024

Este guia prático é fruto da colaboração de estudantes de medicina e profissionais experientes na área da pediatria, com o intuito de fornecer aos acadêmicos da saúde um recurso abrangente e acessível, que aborda tanto os fundamentos quanto as par
Cardiologia Teoria e Prática - Edição XVIII
Authors: Barroso L. de Freitas Guilherme , Dantas Campos Marcelo , Vasconcelos Cipola Beatriz , Luiza Barbosa Ana
Published: December 2024

Este livro traz trabalhos sobre um dos sistemas vitais para nossa vida, responsável pelas principais incidências de mortalidade e morbidades, o sistema cardiovascular. Ele possui o coração como ator principal, caracterizado por batidas e frequências
¿Cuidar o servir? Diferencias y semejanzas entre habitus domésticos de trabajadoras del hogar remuneradas y empleadoras
Authors: López-Pérez Carolina
Published: December 2024

Para complejizar la distinción entre servicio/cuidado se parte del marco teórico la sociología disposicional desarrollada por Pierre Bourdieu y Bernard Lahire para distinguir, analizar y comparar habitus domésticos. Específicamente, se aborda el caso de una pequeña muestra intencionada de trabajadoras del hogar remuneradas y empleadoras, todas ubicadas en Ciudad de México, a quienes se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad con el objetivo de conocer y examinar sus diversas trayectorias de socialización doméstica. Asimismo, se hace hincapié en los desiguales y distantes posicionamientos de clase de estas mujeres, para identificar diferencias y semejanzas en la consti tución y operación de sus respectivos acervos disposicionales. Finalmente, se indaga sobre cómo sus habitus influyen en el establecimiento de autonomía y dependencia respecto al ejercicio de cuidar y servir, de conformidad con sus distintas trayectorias domésticas.
Video to audio to transcript to summary using local AI: whisperfile and llama3.3
Authors: Turner Stephen
Published: December 2024

A few days ago I wrote about translating R package help documentation using a local LLM (e.g. llama3.x)… …when Mick Watson commented: I was already thinking of wiring up something like this using local AI models — something to summarize podcasts, conference recordings, etc. The relatively new (as of this writing) Gemini 2.0 Flash model will do this for you for YouTube videos. But what if you wanted to do this offline using a local LLM?
Dissolution of parliament: Legal nature of the dissolution act and possibilities of control
Authors: Cvetković Aleksandar
Published: December 2024

The subject of this paper is the examination of the legal nature of the dissolution act and the consideration of the possibilities for controlling such an act. Dissolution, as a characteristic of the parliamentary system of government, is traditionally viewed as a political act, which implies that it is not subject to legal control. This paper re-examines this firmly rooted position in our legal theory on two levels. The first part of the paper discusses two cases of the control of the Bundestag's dissolution before the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany. The second part, drawing on Germany's experience and particularly considering the practice of dissolution in Serbia, critically analyses the constitutional provisions of this institute. A special section is dedicated to the analysis of relevant constitutional and legal provisions regarding whether the Constitutional Court of Serbia can control the act of dissolution. In addition to strict legal analysis, the paper also examines the justification of such possible actions.
Beer consumption and health: Can advanced analytics deliver the right answers to technologists and consumers?
Authors: Butinar Bojan
Published: December 2024

Beer is a beverage with more than 8000-6000 years of history, and the process of brewing has not changed much over the centuries though the beer consumed today tastes very different than its ancient predecessors. Present times offer diverse technologies and beer manufacture and brewing types to fulfill the consumers' and growing nutritional demands with new types of beer, including dietary plant proteins, low-calorie beers, fruit beers, beers containing functional agents, gluten-free beers, craft-produced beers (in every possible meaning), lowand non-alcoholic beers (NAB), with new cereals being used like rice, sorghum, millet, and new non-alcoholic yeasts (Saccharomyces hybrids), high volatile phenols producing S. cerevisiae var. diastaticus and floral flavor producing non-Saccharomyces yeasts and isotonic beers. Beer, either alcoholic or non, is a nutrient with a specific composition. The result is a plethora of beer molecules; some of them are health-promoting, and some are even pleasure-promoting; among them are flavor-aroma molecules. The quality of the beer is also guided by the presence of non-health molecules with negative sensory attributes - among them acetaldehyde, diacetyl, 3-Me-2-butene-1-thiol, and biogenic amines. The biological quality of the beer is composed of its sensory profile and chemical composition, thus gaining nutritional value. The entangled triangle between technology, nutritional value (health-promoting), and consumer liking (pleasure-promoting, hedonia) must be guaranteed and monitored as it is a building block of quality, genuineness, origin, or even authenticity (terroir). If so - the eudaimonia is reached. How to guarantee and monitor? With fingerprinting, using chemical, biomolecular, or isotopic methods with the aid of chemometrics and machine learning algorithms - with advanced analytics. Advanced analytics can help us in seeking the ultimate answer - discrimination between "bad" and "good" and satisfy both technologists and consumers. But to assess, we have to know exactly who or what is to be the master!
Practical experience of coordinating Horizon 2020 and EJD Consortium and achieving win:win with process of completely integrated SE Europe
Authors: Poreda Aleksandar
Published: December 2024

South-Eastern Europe is an essential part of Europe. Europe's goals for the future will not be accomplished, without full integration of SouthEastern Europe. The beer scientists and enthusiasts from Central and SE Europe have contributed their ideas and put their main goals on this journey which has just started with the newly established Consortium at Belgrade Summit, hosted by Faculty of Agriculture in Zemun, Serbia. This consortium will accelerate Europe's overall goals and bring direct links in the entire Food and beverage industry, academia and the future generations which will follow. This presentation will talk about Horizon 2020, the practical experience of the coordinator of the group and the president of the EJD (European Joint Doctorate Program Food Consortium). Will be given practical examples, important tips, suggestions for further steps, and ideas of how to fully complete the integration of the entire region of South-Eastern Europe.
What happens to the hops during storage and how this is reflected in the beer?
Authors: Košir Iztok , Obrovnik Ksenija , Ocvirk Miha
Published: December 2024

The quality of hops begins to decrease immediately after harvesting; therefore, maintaining the highest possible quality is important. A good indicator of hop freshness is the hop storage index (HSI). The impact of aged hops on the quality and intensity of beer aroma and bitterness in kettle hopped and in dry hopped beers was evaluated. Increasing the boiling time can decrease the difference between samples hopped with hops of different HSI values, suggesting that extending the boiling time causes a loss of some desirable compounds while also hiding some irregularities in hoppy beer aroma. If boiling is conducted for a long enough time, then aged hops are not so problematic from the view of bitterness, since the negative aftertaste caused by oxidation products could be masked by ISO-alpha-acids. Beer samples dry hopped with higher-HSI hops have decreased levels of hop oil components; therefore, the intensity of the hop aroma is lower. With the increase in oxidation products, the quality of the aroma also begins to decline. The quality of bitterness was also reduced and high HSI also led to undesirable gushing.
Beer sensory best practices
Authors: Gadžov Boris
Published: December 2024

Freshness is front of mind for consumers of beer and brewers alike. From a desire to become emersed in a journey of discovery of flavours and different techniques from around the world to connecting with people using a touch of social lubricate, there can be many different motivators behind consuming beer. But there is one unifying truth; Fresh Beer tastes best. Like any product made, there are certain quality standards and specifications that must be met. The brewing industry is full of specifications and methods measuring all aspects of the product to bring uniformity and a level of consistency on a technical level. However, there is one quality and industry standard still missing; Freshness. Whilst many beverages remain flavour stable for up to a year, we know that beer loses freshness due to oxidation and flavour change within a few weeks of packaging. A Best Before date is a given industry standard, but this does not measure the Freshness potential in ensuring that a beer remains 'fresh until consumed'. Previous technical papers have reported on possible causes and solutions, from process optimisation, plant design and raw material specifications. Although the technology of electron spin resonance is well established, its application to deliver increased shelf-life, in-line with expert sensory panels is novel. This paper will focus on the freshness improvements made from several brewery studies involving the measurement of free radicals across the brewing process and through combining instrument and sensory methods, how we can now apply one, easily recognised value for Freshness Shelf-life. A new industry standard. The author will present data collected from a number of breweries, showing a direct correlation between free radicals and sensory values, giving us a concise approach to determining Freshness Shelf-life. Workshop will contain practical session, with a presentation of 4 different GMP Beer Reference Standards representing problems of beers during storage.
Map of the craft brewers in Serbia
Authors: Smiljanić Dejan
Published: December 2024

The paper presents the activities within the mapping project of all craft breweries in Serbia, which entails compiling of a comprehensive and up-to-date geographical and informational database of all local small and independent breweries. This project includes the identification of the locations of these breweries, the categorization based on their offer and specificity and the integration of all information relevant to the end user. The goals of the project are: Raising awareness about craft breweries in Serbia and their diversity; providing useful information to tourists and beer lovers; support for the development of the local beer industry and promotion of micro and small enterprises; as well as creating the resources that will facilitate the connection between the brewer and the end consumer. This project plays a key role in the development and promotion of craft beer in Serbia, contributing to the growth and development of this dynamic industry. The short-term results are: 1. Comprehensive database with information about all craft breweries in Serbia, including their location, contact information and types of beer they produce 2. Developed and accessible map that visualizes brewery locations and allows users to easily find breweries near them. 3. Promotion of craft beer production: organized promotional activities and campaigns to raise awareness of the importance of craft beer production, including events, social networks and media announcements. Long-term results: 1. Development of the craft beer industry through increased visibility and support for craft brewers, leading to greater consumer interest and greater industry growth. 2. Strengthening the local community by supporting local businesses and influencing the development of local economies through the promotion of small craft breweries. 3. Increased availability of information on craft beer, which improves the consumer experience and their ability to differentiate between craft and industrial beers and discover new beers and independent small breweries. 4. Long-term promotion and integration through constant promotion and integration of the project into the wider gastronomic and tourist offer of Serbia, including cooperation with tourist organizations and agencies.
Insights into the development of novel brewing yeast strains through adaptive laboratory evolution
Authors: Podgoršek Martina , Doberšek Katja , Paš Maja , Košir Iztok , Čadež Neža
Published: December 2024

The craft beer industry is increasingly exploring alternative raw materials to create novel beer styles. Buckwheat, a gluten-free pseudocereal rich in minerals and bioactive compounds, presents a promising option. However, fermenting buckwheat wort poses challenges, especially regarding yeast performance. In this study, we isolated wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from Slovenian fermentations as well as from natural environments, and based on screening we selected a strain that was further adapted for buckwheat and barley wort fermentations under stressful brewing conditions using adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE). Over 30 successive fermentations, yeast populations were exposed to hydrostatic pressure and CO2 stress, simulating industrial conditions. Genomic analyses revealed significant loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) events and aneuploidy in evolved clones, particularly on smaller chromosomes, suggesting that these changes played a key role in improving maltose and maltotriose utilization, especially in buckwheat wort. Furthermore, clones adapted to buckwheat exhibited higher chromosomal instability, including mitochondrial DNA loss, resulting in respiratory-deficient phenotypes. The study highlights the complex genomic mechanisms underlying yeast adaptation to alternative brewing substrates, offering insights into the development of yeast strains optimized for gluten-free beer production.
Analyzing saccharide, metabolite profiles and Alpha acid accumulation in intensive brewing cycles with yeast microbeads
Authors: Ferrari C. , Rutnik Ksenija , Ocvirk Miha , Košir Iztok , Poklar-Ulrih Nataša , Osojnik Črnivec
Published: December 2024

Environmental conditions significantly affect yeast cell survival during alcoholic fermentation.1 This study sought to assess the protective effects of various alginate and cyclodextrin-based encapsulation carriers on yeasts under both standard gravity (10.4% extract, 35 IBU) and high gravity (17.0% extract, 55 IBU), utilizing 30% isomerized Alpha acids hop extract from Hopsteiner, Germany. Initially, brewer's yeast SafAle US-05 (Fermentis Lesaffre, France) was encapsulated in an optimized encapsulation carrier (1.5 % alginate) and tested in standard and high gravity malt extract as a medium. Subsequently, we explored two-component carriers (1.5 % alginate with 0.2 % either native, citrate-modified or maleate-modified beta cyclodextrins) at high gravity conditions. All fermentations were conducted in parallell with free yeasts as controls. The fermentation process spanned five cycles (5 weeks) with periodically removal and replenishement of the malt extract. The study monitored suspended/detached cell density, pH, sugar profiles (maltose, maltotriose, glucose, fructose) (HPLC), ISO Alpha acids content (HPLC), as well as ethanol (HPLC) and aromatics evolution (isopentylic alcohol, buthyl ether, 3-methyl -4-heptanone, 1-decene, ethyl hexanoate, 1dodecene) (GC-MS). The results revealed minimal differences between free and encapsulated yeasts in terms of OD and pH, suggesting that cycling is feasible with encapsulated yeasts. However, the evolved products indicate a metabolic shift, as evidenced by differences in ethanol production (Fig. 1) and specific volatiles (isopentylic alcohol, buthyl ether) particularly during high gravity fermentation.
Effects of probiotic yeast application on the fermentation of wort
Authors: Šćekić Luka , Dimitrijević-Branković Suzana
Published: December 2024

The application of probiotic microorganisms in the food industry is becoming increasingly significant due to their numerous beneficial effects on human health, including the potential to enhance the functional characteristics of products. In this study, the impact of the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii on the fermentation process of beer wort was examined, with this yeast being compared to traditional brewing yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (AEB®, Italy). The wort used in the experiment originated from standard industrial production, while fermentation was carried out under strictly controlled laboratory conditions. The growth of microorganisms during fermentation was monitored using standard microbiological techniques, and physicochemical characteristics, including density, pH value, and extract concentration, were measured during key phases of the process. The obtained findings open up possibilities for the development of innovative functional beers with probiotic properties, which could enhance the nutritional value and market appeal of the product.
The role and importance of marketing in the development of the brewing industry in Serbia, with a special focus on digital communication channels
Authors: Bačevac Srećko , Kastratović Edita , Pušara Dragana
Published: December 2024

This paper analyzes the significance of digital marketing in Serbia's brewing industry, with a special focus on key digital channels such as social media, email marketing, SEO/SEM, and online advertising. Traditional marketing approaches are gradually giving way to digital strategies that enable precise targeting and better interaction with consumers. The paper examines changes in consumer behavior, particularly with the rise of local and craft breweries, which use digital channels to build authentic relationships with their audience. Additionally, it analyzes tools for tracking campaign effectiveness, allowing brewing brands to achieve higher returns on investment and adjust their strategies. The conclusion is that digital marketing will continue to play a crucial role in the differentiation and competitiveness of brewing brands in the Serbian market.
Global trends and future projections in the beer market: An analyses of sales channels, market volume and revenue growth (2014-2028)
Authors: Spalević Velibor , Skatarić Goran , Dudić Branislav
Published: December 2024

This paper analyzes global trends and future projections in the beer market from 2014 to 2028, focusing on both alcoholic and non-alcoholic segments across different sales channels. The study leverages data from Statista Consumer Market Insights to examine revenue growth, market volume, and shifts in consumer behavior in on-trade (out-of-home) and off-trade (at-home) beer sales. The analysis reveals that revenue in the off-trade segment stood at $290 billion in 2022, with projections indicating a rise to $340 billion by 2027. Meanwhile, the non-alcoholic beer market generated $34.1 billion in revenue in 2023 and is expected to grow to $50 billion by 2028. These findings highlight the significant market developments, such as the increasing revenue of non-alcoholic beer and the shifting consumer preference towards off-trade consumption. The results underline the importance of understanding these dynamics as the global beer market evolves in response to economic factors, cultural shifts, and emerging consumer trends. The implications for industry stakeholders include the need to adapt strategies to align with changing market conditions and capitalize on growth opportunities in both alcoholic and non-alcoholic beer segments. This paper contributes to the knowledge on global market trends in the beer industry, offering valuable insights for academics, industry professionals, and policymakers interested in the sector's future trajectory.
Impact of EU cereals production trends of barley supply for beer production in 2024
Authors: Skatarić Goran , Spalević Velibor , Dudić Branislav
Published: December 2024

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is essential for beer production, and its cultivation in Southeastern European countries significantly impacts the brewing industry. The EU cereals balance sheet for the 2023/2024 season highlights critical trends affecting barley, forecasting a total EU cereals production of 269.9 million tonnes. This figure reflects a 3.9% decline from the five-year trimmed average but a 1.2% increase compared to the previous year. The primary goal of this research is to analyze and evaluate the effects of recent trends in EU cereals production on the availability and pricing of barley. The report focuses on how fluctuations in barley production, alongside changes in overall cereals production and trade forecasts, may impact the brewing industry. By examining these trends, the report aims to identify potential challenges and supply constraints for the beer sector and offer insights into necessary adaptive strategies to ensure stability and mitigate risks within the beer supply chain. Barley production is expected to decrease by 0.7 million tonnes this season, exacerbating challenges for the brewing sector that relies heavily on this grain. This reduction, combined with the overall drop in cereals production, signals potential supply constraints and cost pressures for beer manufacturers. Additionally, adjustments in other cereal crops include a reduction in maize production by 1.9 million tonnes and soft wheat by 1.1 million tonnes, while durum wheat production is projected to increase by 0.5 million tonnes. Updated trade forecasts indicate higher soft wheat exports and increased maize imports, which may further influence barley's availability and pricing. The decline in barley production underscores the need for careful monitoring and adaptive strategies to maintain stability in the beer supply chain amidst evolving market dynamics. The anticipated reduction in barley production highlights the need for proactive planning and flexibility in sourcing strategies to ensure stability and manage cost pressures in the brewing industry.
Edamame crashes Europe's beer party
Authors: Ćeran Marina , Đorđević Vuk , Vasiljević Marjana , Miladinović Jegor , Bukonja Simona , Ranđelović Predrag , Đukić Vojin
Published: December 2024

Edamame, the immature soybeans harvested before they ripen, is a popular snack in Japan and is often served alongside beer. The high levels of glutamic acid in edamame provide a natural umami flavor that complements the bitterness of hops. It is valued for its nutritional benefits, including high protein content, rich in bioactive compounds such as isoflavones, essential amino acids, and antioxidants, all of which contribute to its nutritional value and sensory appeal. However, current edamame production in Europe is limited, with the majority of the crop being imported from Asian countries. As the demand for health-conscious snacks continues to rise across Europe, the potential for breeding edamame tailored to European climates and markets presents a significant opportunity. Breeding efforts have focused on developing new lines that are well-adapted to European agro-climatic conditions, emphasizing the genetic improvement of traits related to yield, quality, and nutritional content to meet consumer preferences for flavor and nutrition. In this study, sensory evaluation was employed to analyse more than 60 edamame genotypes and the sensory characteristics favored by consumers, aiding in the establishment of breeding selection criteria. The sensory data obtained from the screening study (sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami, nutty and beany) were used to determine the top-performing genotypes based on consumer perception. Sensory evaluation serves as an effective tool for guiding breeders in enhancing market appeal and developing new edamame varieties.
role of diplomatic missions in fostering international trade
Authors: Pásztor Szabolcs
Published: December 2024

The paper briefly shows the renewed interest in and fundamental reasons for establishing new diplomatic missions in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Old and new trading partners alike are trying to create more embassies and consulates because they strive to help the private sector by preparing the ground for bilateral trade. The Central and Eastern European (CEE), and the Visegrad (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovak Republic) countries have been following the international tendencies and they have place and increased emphasis on their diplomatic missions in the hope of diversifying their exports. After synthesizing the related literature, the second part of the paper argues that embassies and consulates directly contribute to stronger bilateral trade links. It seems that by opening more embassies in the SSA region the V4 countries could find alternative markets for their products and services so the embassies count to be growth opportunities. By fostering stronger economic and political ties both regions could benefit from the new scramble for diplomatic missions in various forms.
Spaces of interaction
Authors: Kocsev Bence
Published: December 2024

Socialist global entanglements in the context of the Cold War constitute an open field of research, which brings together a wide range of studies dealing with the various political, economic, social, cultural and academic interactions. In this context, after briefly unfolding some of the main processes, practices and projects of socialist global relations and also shedding some light on how the political, ideological, and economic rationalities underpinning these relations changed over time, the current paper shifts the focus of analysis to specific academic spaces being responsible for the acceleration of interconnectedness between the socialist bloc and the Third World. Arguing that the “thick description” of these spaces could help us sketch a better overall picture on the nature of East-South relations and, in this case, more particularly on the circulation of economic knowledge and practices, the following pages zoom on the Institute for World Economics and its predecessor, the Centre for AfroAsian Research in Budapest and aim to provide a micro-historical view on how discourses of development (and more generally of economicknowledge) were transferred, adopted and even reinterpreted within these particular spaces. The paper furthermore endeavors to take a closer look on actors being active in these institutions and show how they sought to position themselves beyond the dichotomies of the Cold War and attempted to function along the specific logic of own their fields of expertise.
development of the national language of Somalia
Authors: Wolfger Thomas Maximilian
Published: December 2024

The present work deals with the development of the Somali language in the 20th century, and tries to explain the different stages of development and development processes. Linguistically speaking, Somalia is an outstanding example as it is one of the few African countries with a homogeneous language group. This means that around 95% (cf. Warsame 2001, p. 342) of the Somali population speaks the Somali language, and communicates predominantly in this language. The focus of this work is mainly on the process of decision-making about a fixed writing style, and why Somalia came to a decision about a uniform writing form relatively late. In addition, the possibilities are explained that were up for discussion and thus seriously discussed, as well as how the decision made was justified. The literacy campaign, which was carried out between 1973 and 1975, represents a central aspect of this development and thus of this work. In addition, from a linguistic and strategic point of view, the processes by which the Somali language was modernized and which bodies played a role are described.