bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Security Routing Protocol Based on Convergence Degree and Trust
Authors: Su Zhen Zhen , Sun Er Kun , Qi Xiao Gang , Nie Ying , Lin Wei Hong , Xie Man De
Published: February 2014

Based on previous research, this paper puts forward a kind of routing protocol based on node convergence degree and the trust value which named BCDTV. We focus on algorithm design and work process, including the election of cluster head and the establishment of cluster, the collection and transmission of the information. We use the gradational design algorithm when calculation the trust of every nodes. Simulation results show that the protocol can prevent some malicious behavior of malicious nodes effectively.
A Trust System Design for Future SCADA Network Security
Authors: Li Yuan Cheng , Li Wen Zhi , Yang Li Qun
Published: February 2014

This paper proposes a protection mechanism called trust system. The purpose of this article is to enhance supervisory control and data-acquisition (SCADA) security with minimal impact on our existing power communication systems. This paper concentrates on placing trust system into our existing power system and creates new security system implementations to increase its flexibility. What’s more, the SCADA security issues between electric utilities are also discussed.
The Micro-Blogging Network Leading Group Recognition Algorithm
Authors: Dong Li Li , Yang Ke , Zhang Xiang
Published: February 2014

Based on the analysis and research of micro-blogging network transmission of information, the transmission of information model is constructed. By studying the network model, a small group of core users of the network information dissemination play a guiding role. To solve the problem that the research of micro-blogging user influence ranking can only ranking order given its influence, but not determine which user play a guiding role in transmission of information, LeadersRank algorithm based on the idea of personalized PageRank algorithm is proposed, and the algorithm is applied to the real micro-blogging data to identify the leading group, the experimental results prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm.
Research on Technology of CRM Stored Procedure
Authors: Wang Rui , Wang Na
Published: February 2014

In this paper, it mainly introduces how to realize the stored procedure of the bank CRM with PL/SQL in ORACLE, and the related technologies in the process.
The Application of Data Mining in the Honeypot System
Authors: Li Zhuo Shi , Jiang Ran Shi , Li Jian
Published: February 2014

Honeypot is a new type of active defense security technologies. This paper attempts to use of data mining methods to be mining and analysis of information collected on the honeypot system. Build a Windows system based on virtual machine technology research honeynet. Data collection be standardized and sequential pattern mining. Finding out the correlation between different data records and frequent with time-based sequence of audit data, which found that,select the law of value of the attack.
Semantic-Preserved Index Constructing for RDF-Based Resource in Structured P2P Network
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Li Jian Hua , Sun Lu
Published: February 2014

Resource index constructing method directly influences resource retrieval efficiency in structured P2P network, a new approach to semantic-preserved index constructing for RDF-based resource is proposed. Firstly, each class in resource concept structure is assigned a class ID, RDF-based resource index is constructed by two-dimensional value consisted of class ID; secondly, the mapping from two-dimensional index to one-dimensional routing space of structured P2P network is achieved by Hilbert space filling curve; at last, resource query is realized by embedding the process of searching into the nodes of structured P2P networks and using the data search mechanism of networks. Algorithm analysis shows that this approach supports multidimensional semantic retrieval, resolves the problems that only support exact query based on single key words and the irrelevance between logical location and physical location because of ignoring semantic information, and improves RDF-based resource semantic retrieval efficiency in structured P2P network.
Friend-Based Prediction Routing Protocol in Socially-Aware Opportunistic Networks
Authors: Liu Li
Published: February 2014

Mobile devices are popular used in peoples life. Generally, most of portable mobile devices are carried by people. Thus, the mobility of mobile devices is influenced heavily by peoples social relationship. Socially-aware Opportunistic Networks are used in intermittently connected networks by use of store-carry-and-forward fashion. It is mainly based on social relationship to design solutions for problem such as routing protocol or data dissemination. In this paper, we exploit social relationship about friendships information among people and use them to predict the contact opportunities. We present Friend-based Prediction routing protocol (FBP) and establish experiment based on ONE. The simulation results show that the efficiency of FBP outperforms Epidemic and PROPHET in higher delivery ratio, lower overhead and shorter average latency.
Design of E-Archives Portfolio System Based on Signature Technology
Authors: An Hai Ning , Cheng Zi Yu
Published: February 2014

Electronic archive files have its advantage on speedy Operation relative to the archive file, however, it is hard to prevent tampering and safe for the file. The E-archives digital signature technology is very important for the Electronic information security. We analysis needs for the system, and design system solutions after the comparing various Signature and Encryption Technology, and propose function and design for the main module. Besides, there is the detailed design on the User registration, DEA file structure.
Investigation on Control Strategies to Smooth out Wind Farm Output Fluctuations Using Energy Storage System
Authors: Liu Yuan , Liu Shi Lin , Wen Jin Yu
Published: February 2014

Due to characteristics of random fluctuations and intermittence, large-scale wind power integration will worsen grid stability and power quality. According to grid code, a limit of ramp rate for both 1 minute and 10 minutes should be put on the interconnected power. Using energy storage system is an effective way to smooth the fluctuations of wind farm output. Due to the high cost of the energy storage system, an effective control of the energy state and the BESS charge and discharge rate acquiring a maximum utility of the limited energy storage to improve the output power quality becomes increasingly significant. A coordinated control method for BESS to smooth out wind power fluctuations and to limit wind power ramping rate as required by grid code is proposed, with the BESS energy state well controlled and the predicted wind power used to cope with emergent situation. The effictiveness of the control system is validated through real wind farm cases under MATLAB platform.
Overview on Integration Characteristics of Offshore Wind Power
Authors: Gao Jian Tao , Ding Jian , Zhu Xiao Rong , Tang Tian , Lin Zhang Sui , Lin Yi , Yang Xiao Dong , Song Yun Ting , Li Xiao Jun
Published: February 2014

As onshore quality wind resource is drained, it has come into the era that offshore wind power is the most promising field in wind power industry. The key technology and development trend of power prediction, condition monitoring, integration mode, system characteristic and other aspects, is summarized in the paper. The latest technology of integration topology and the unique technology of offshore wind power are focused on, and the development prospect and technology trend about offshore wind power are discussed and expected.
Research on the Capacity of In-Depth Peak Regulation of Large-Scale Heat Supply Unit Based on Characteristics of Thermal Storage of Heat Supply Network and Buildings
Authors: Bi Qing Sheng , Lv Xiang Yu , Dong Tian , Li De Xin , Han Xiao Juan
Published: February 2014

Against the backdrop that wind power is always abandoned in heat supply period in winter after wind power is taken into power grid in northern areas of China and there exists a big proportion of large-scale heat supply units in power grid, a method for in-depth peak regulation of large-scale heat supply unit based on characteristics of thermal storage of heat supply network and buildings is put forward in this paper, and a mathematical model for in-depth peak regulation is established. The calculation in a case indicates that the change of heat production of large-scale heat supply unit will not affect the quality of heat supply to a certain extent. During heat supply period, thermal load of heat supply network shall be moderately lowered to coordinate with the in-depth peak regulation when power grid is at its low ebb, and heat supply shall be moderately decreased based on characteristics of thermal storage of heat supply network and buildings when the peak regulation capacity of power grid is very limited, which indicates that it is feasible and practical to help power grid go through its low ebb with the peak regulation capacity gained here. Through the mathematical model established in this paper, time of thermal storage and thermal release as well as such units capacity of in-depth peak regulation can be calculated, which provides a scientific basis for dispatcher of power grid to conduct in-depth peak regulation of heat supply unit.
Experimental Investigation on Photothermal Properties of MWCNT-H2O Nanofluids for Direct Absorption Solar Collectors
Authors: He Qin Bo
Published: February 2014

Optical and photothermal properties of MWCNT-H2O nanofluids were investigated in the present work. The transmittance of nanofluids over solar spectrum (250 to 2500nm) was measured by the UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer based on integrating sphere principle. The photothermal properties of nanofluids were studied expose to the solar radiation. The experimental results show that the transmittance of MWCNT-H2O nanofluids is much less than that of deionized water, and decreases with increasing nanoparticle mass fraction. The highest temperature and heat gain of MWCNT-H2O nanofluids (0.02wt%) can increased up to 31.87% and 54.14% compared with deionized water, respectively. From the results it can be concluded that MWCNT-H2O nanofluids is suitable for direct absorption solar thermal energy systems.
The Analysis of Power System Network Loss
Authors: Qin Li Jun , Xiong Chao
Published: February 2014

This paper mainly studies the generation mechanism of the power grid network loss and discusses Gauss - Seidel method, Newton-Raphson method,and PQ decomposition method of power network loss.
Research on DC Voltage Control Strategies for Typical Four-Terminal HVDC System
Authors: Wang Kai , Sun Hai Shun , Hua Yu , Liu Yuan , Lin Wei Xing , Li Cheng Hao
Published: February 2014

The continuous development of alternative energy has put forward higher requirement for electricity transmission. To cope with its fluctuation characteristics, high voltage direct current (HVDC) technology has received more attention. Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based Multi-Terminal High Voltage Direct Current (MTDC) represents the future trend of HVDC technology. This paper mainly focuses on the control strategies of a four-terminal VSC based MTDC power transmission system. The operation characteristic of the system was studied, and the proposed two control strategies, master-slave control strategy and DC voltage droop control strategy, were verified through simulations. The latter control strategy was proved to be performing well under various conditions, including converter station disconnection and faults at AC side of the converter.
Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Monitoring System Based on Virtual Instrument
Authors: Ma Yun Long , Tian Li Jun , Qin Ying Lin , Jiang Tao
Published: February 2014

Combined with the theories of distributed monitoring, the technologies of virtual instrumentation and database management,a grid-connected photovoltaic monitoring system is developed based on virtual instrumentation technology. The hardware architecture and software programming are expounded, by hardware and software ways, various parameters of the grid-connected photovoltaic system are collected and analyzed real-timely with CompactRIO system and PXI measuring system, it realizes the functions of monitoring the performance of the PV at the real-time, detecting the power quality of the common coupling point (PCC) and historic data management. Compared with traditional monitoring system, not only it meets the requirements of grid research for sampling speed, precision and recording capacity, but also the friendly interactive interface and the flexible expansibility are more comfortable for operators.
Discussions about Cooperative Modeling between Electricity Substation and Control Center
Authors: Zhang Jia An , Xu Tao , Xu Sheng , Fan Guang Min , Huang Zhi Gang , Guo Ling Xu , Liu Hai Feng , Liu Ning , Meng Xin Yi
Published: February 2014

Power grid modeling, data maintenance and management in substation and control center are based on IEC61850 standard and IEC61970 standard respectively. The difference between the two standards inevitably affects the data sharing and maintainability of grid models and the operational efficiency of the whole system. The key issues concerning on cooperative modeling，such as power equipment collaborative naming mechanism, mutual mapping between SCL and CIM, constructing complete model for traditional substation, power grid model segmentation and merging are discussed in detail. The analysis shows that collaborative modeling is imperative for power grid to improve efficiency, reduce workload and enhance power system intelligent level in the future.
The Economic Operation of Common Coupling Groups of Distribution Transformer
Authors: Quan Yu Sheng , Zhao Xin , Chen Hua Gui , Zhou En Ze
Published: February 2014

Based on the method of symmetrical components of D, 11 and Y, o distribution transformer coupling two different effects of different magnetic circuit coupled to the three-phase system with a system-generated analysis and comparison. Analysis of the difference between the two groups of different connections on the transformer structure. Described in the single-phase short circuit fault clearing, 3n harmonic current suppression and affordability aspects of single-phase unbalanced load, D, ll coupling transformers are significantly better than Y,0 coupling transformer. This has necessarily important for the study of energy loss reduction.
Study on the Output Performance of DFIG under Unbalanced Grid Voltage
Authors: Yin Gui Liang , Sun Rui
Published: February 2014

This paper uses dynamic equivalent circuits to study the impact of the unbalanced grid voltage on a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) and draws the curves between the voltage unbalance factor (VUF) and the output characteristics of DFIG. A mathematical model of the grid and rotor side converters (GSC and RSC, respectively) is given in the stationary αβ reference frame under unbalanced network voltage conditions, which could be used in the coordinated control of the GSC and RSC. Finally, simulation studies on a 1.5MW DFIG can verify the feasibility of the proposed coordinated control strategy which can be used to improve the performance and stability of the whole wind power generation system.
A Method Based on Wavelet Neural Network for Power System Short Term Load Forecasting
Authors: Zhong Hong Mei , Liu Jie , Chen Qi Fang , Liu Nian
Published: February 2014

The short-term load of Power System is uncertain and the daily-load signal spectrum is continuous. The approach of Wavelet Neural Network (WNN) is proposed by combing the wavelet transform (WT) and neural network. By the WT, the time-based short-term load sequence can be decomposed into different scales sequences, which is used to training the BP neural network. The short-term load is forecasted by the trained BP neural network. Select the load of a random day in Lianyungang to study, according to the numerical simulation results, the method proves to achieve good performances.
Aging Evaluation and Online Monitoring of Composite Insulators
Authors: Wu Jun , Zheng Zheng , Chen Hong Bo , Bai Huan , Huang Dao Chun , Ruan Jiang Jun , Qiu Zhi Bin
Published: February 2014

To evaluate the aging characteristics and study online monitoring method of composite insulators, four 220kV composite insulators of the same type were tested by visual examination, hydrophobicity tests, infrared thermal imaging tests and scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests. The results show that the infrared thermal imaging tests can effectively detect the broken insulators on-line and the SEM test is feasible to evaluate the aging degree of composite insulators.
Current Detection Methods of Partial Discharge for Distribution Network Switchgear
Authors: Quan Yu Sheng , Fang Lin Jie , Wu Yan , Wang Zi Jian
Published: February 2014

There are many factors that can lead to partial discharge in the internal of switchgear. High-frequency current will be generated on the inner wall of switchgear when the electromagnetic wave generated by partial discharge reaches the enclosure of switchgear. In the same way, more complex current signal will be produced on the outer wall of the switchgear because of the electromagnetic radiation outside the enclosure. These two currents will flow to earth through the switchgear ground wire. We can determine whether the switchgear exist partial discharge and the severity of the partial discharge by comparing the current flowing through the outer wall and the total current flowing through the ground line.
Multi-State Electric Field Analysis of 1-Tower-Double-Circuit HVDC Transmission Lines Based on Charge Simulation Method
Authors: Zhou Quan , Tu Li , Bie Rui , Feng Dong , Fan You Ping
Published: February 2014

Currently, there is little experience about design of the 1-tower-double-circuit DC transmission lines. But the electromagnetic field distribution under its lines is complicated. In order to study the nominal electric field distribution of 1-tower-double-circuit DC transmission lines under different situations and a variety of operating conditions, the currents with analytical solutions are used to simulate the discrete or uneven distributed continuous charge. In the works within an acceptable range, the linear equations are built to solve simulation charge according to the electromagnetic theory. And ground nominal electric field of 1-tower-double-circuit DC transmission lines is calculated. The nominal electric field distribution extreme value extreme under different arrangements and nominal electric field distribution under a variety of operating conditions are analyzed comparatively. In this paper, the results show that the arrangements of lines have effects on the distribution characteristics of nominal electric field in normal condition. When monopole or bipolar or the bipolar of one line doesnt work, the change of nominal electric field is pronounced, but their extremes reduce.
New Methodology of Fault Identifier for the Double Circuit Line on the same Tower
Authors: Quan Yu Sheng , Zhou En Ze , Chen Hua Gui , Zhao Xin
Published: February 2014

High voltage overhead transmission line is an important part of the power system to ensure the safe operation of the entire power system, which is of great significance. Power line fault not only has adverse effects to the social economy, and it may also affect the stability of the power system. Transmission line faults including permanent fault and transient fault are identified quickly and accurately, which has important practical engineering significance. This paper presents a method which can be used to identify the permanent fault and transient fault of double-circuit transmission line on the same tower, fault transient voltages and currents extracted from both ends of transmission lines are as a signal source which is decomposed into a series of harmonics in order to establish a criterion function, and then the transient and permanent fault can be identified based on the changes of criterion function value.
Study on Bending and Twisting Mechanical Properties of High Voltage Porcelain Post Insulator
Authors: Zhang En Wei , Yang Yun Bo , Song Wei , Wei Xiao Wei , Qiu Zhi Bin , Ruan Jiang Jun , Huang Dao Chun
Published: February 2014

To study the mechanical properties of porcelain post insulators, the finite element model was established by ANSYS to calculate stress and strain distribution under bending or torsion moments. Mechanical tests based on resistance strain measurement technology were carried out on the actual porcelain post insulators to measure their strain distribution. The results show that sheds will cause strain concentration at the roots of porcelain column whether the post insulator is bearing bending or torsion load. The stress and strain of shed roots gradually increase from top to bottom along the post insulator when bearing bending moment, while they are relatively uniform under torsion moment. It should be taken full account of the stress concentration caused by sheds during the selection or maintenance of porcelain post insulators.
New Methodology of Monitoring for the Contamination Degree of Insulators
Authors: Quan Yu Sheng , Chen Ning , Han Shai Gen , Shi Pu Xin
Published: February 2014

Insulator is an essential part of overhead line. In recent years, the news about the insulator flashover is increasing. The main reason of insulator flashover is insulator surface contamination. Insulator flashover is a serious threat to the safe and stable of transmission lines operation. With the development of China's comprehensive national strength, power companies and power users demand on grids stability is highly increased. Currently usual methods of insulator monitoring are ESDD (equivalent salt deposit density), experiment and on-line detecting of leakage current [. But they can't fully meet our requirements. Now this paper will present a new method, which is made correlation analysis by harmonic analysis based on two ends of the existing lines to the data acquisition apparatus of voltage and current signals. Without additional hardware devices online monitoring of insulator surface contamination can be achieved.
New Research of Transformer Windings Partial Discharge Based on Non-Even Distribution Parameters Model
Authors: Quan Yu Sheng , Shi Pu Xin , Han Shai Gen , Chen Ning
Published: February 2014

Transformer is the primary equipment of power system. The normal operation of transformers has great significance of the security and stability of a power system. Once partial discharge happened in the winds of a transformer, it will accelerate the aging of the insulation, and may damage the windings. This paper analyzes the effect of partial discharge to transformer windings, and founding a model of non-even distribution parameters. Separate the even distribution parameters model into three parts and partial discharge happens in the second one. The partial discharge leads to changing of the model parameters. And port voltage changes with it. Partial discharge detection achieved according to the changing of port voltage.
Study on White Noise Suppression Using Complex Wavelet Threshold Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Shu Qi , Li Jin Zhong , Guo Rui , Tang Hao , Zhao Tao , Gao Li
Published: February 2014

The complex wavelet transform modulus maximum of the PD signal increases with scale, while the complex wavelet transform modulus maximum of white noise decreases with scale. According to the characteristics, a study on white noise suppression using the effective complex wavelet coefficient (ECWC) threshold method is launched in this paper and a comparison is conducted with the wavelet threshold denoising method of threshold selection of Stein unbiased risk estimate theory and threshold selection of minimax theory. The PD signal denoising results show that ECWC threshold method is more effective and the distortion of the extract PD signal is lower compared with the other method.
Suppressing PD’s Narrow Band Noise in the PD Monitoring Frequency Band Using Complex Wavelet Packet Transform
Authors: Gao Li , Zhao Tao , Liu Yun Peng
Published: February 2014

By combining the method of construct wavelet packet and complex wavelets, complex wavelets packet is constructed with the same amplitude-frequency characteristics of corresponding real wavelet packet and the same phase spectrum of corresponding complex wavelets, and then give the specific method of constructing complex wavelets packet, evaluate the effect of original PD simulative signals direct reconstruction after decomposition by using Normalized Correlation Coefficient (NCC) and Variational Trend Parameter (VTP) also and the relative error of the amplitude, verify the capability of restore Non-stationary Oscillating Partial Discharge Signals effectively and the correctness of the complex wavelets packets construction. At last, complex wavelets packet is used to denoise PD admixture simulative and measured signals with different frequency and strength noises, overcome the difficults of more loss using hardware filter and bad effect using wavelets packet transformation when narrow band noise in the monitoring frequency band.
Study on the Methodology of Diagnosis for Transformer Winding Insulation Defects
Authors: Quan Yu Sheng , Wang Dai Juan , Chen Guang , Zhang Zong Cheng
Published: February 2014

Power transformer is the important equipment in power system, once the occurrence of faults may bring serious harm to power grid, and even cause great losses. This paper proposes a transformer winding insulation defect detection method. The method only uses the impulse voltage test. It can obtain the diagnosis signal source which contains a lot of harmonic. This paper can judge the insulation defects in the location according to compare the extreme value distribution of every winding voltage and currents correlation coefficient .and can determine the coordinate values. The method does not need large or complex additional equipment, can realize the detection and diagnosis of transformer winding insulation defect location. It is image, intuitive, convenient and practical. This paper studies the insulation defects and the severity of transformer winding, puts forward the method for changing winding current and voltage detection winding insulation defects. And it uses a large number of experiments to verify the insulated and reliability of transformer winding according to different position, different types of insulation defects.
Investigation on Small-Scale Experiments of Magnetic Field around Air-Core Reactors
Authors: Xu Gan , Zou Liang , Zhang Li , Zhao Tong
Published: February 2014

Air-core reactors have become the main source of electromagnetic contamination in substations. In this project, the scaling methods for small-scale experimental technique will be studied, in order to provide validation of the analytical and numerical calculation, and to help to predict the MF around air-core reactors. Firstly, the scaling rules of the parameters for air-core reactors are summarized firstly. Then a full size, 1/2 size 1/6 size of air-core reactors are put forward in order to study the MF of the origin size by analytical calculation, numerical simulation and small-scale experiment. All the results verify the effectiveness of the scaling rules and the equivalency of small-scale experiments.
Application of SCES in Improving Dynamic Response of DC Microgrid Bus Voltage
Authors: Xiong Yuan Sheng , Xu Jian Ming
Published: February 2014

To improve the stability of DC bus voltage in DC microgrid, and reduce the impact on microgrid equipments by the DC bus voltage fluctuations, a supercapacitor energy storage (SCES) is designed to connect to the DC bus by the bi-directional converter. The controller is designed by the feedforward control and proportional method with the deadband. The great load disturbance is simulated in PSIM software when the DC microgrid operates in the grid-connected rectification mode. The simulation results show that SCES under the proposed control strategy can reduce the fluctuation range of the DC bus voltage in a wide range of load disturbances, and the dynamic response performance of DC bus voltage is improved.
The Temporal-Spatial Evolution of the Southern Corridor of West-to-East Power Transmission Project in China
Authors: Fu Hong Hao , Cai Guo Tian , Zhao Dai Qing
Published: February 2014

This paper analyzes temporal and spatial process, and problems based on data between 1986 and 2010. Conclusions are as follows. Power supply of Guangdong relied more on distant outer-province power grids over time, not inner-province ones, close ones or independent power plants. This accelerating enlargement of power supply range could well satisfy its increasing power consumption. However, power production of western provinces couldnt simultaneously meet their own increasing demand and demand by Guangdong. Furthermore, total power transmission and electricity tariff were fixed by long-term framework agreements signed among governments, in which the transmission amount was too much while the tariff was too low, forcing the western provinces limiting their domestic demand without proper compensation. So the current enlarging trend of power supply range of Guangdong is unsustainable and its necessary to introduce power market mechanism through adjusting short-term total power transmission and power tariff according to the market situation.
Study on Distributed Power Location Optimization in Distribution Network of Power System
Authors: Song Shao Shuai , Li Ran
Published: February 2014

Network losses, cost, voltage quality need to be considered when planning the distribution network .Reasonable access of distributed power (DG) can reduce network losses and improve voltage quality. This paper establishes a distributed power siting optimization model aiming to reduce costs, network losses and improve voltage quality. Multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) and fuzzy decision optimization technology are combined as a mean for DG siting and constant volume. Objective function is effective and reasonable through practical example.
Micromagnetic Simulation of Magnetic Structure in an Exchange-Coupled Trilayer
Authors: Wang Zi Jun , Li Tian Fu , Xiao Hong Wen , Liu Yun Tao , Ma Xing Qiao
Published: February 2014

The reversal process of an exchange spring trilayer was studied by micromagnetic simulation, simulating the hysteresis loop and magnetic domain wall structure of a soft/hard/soft ferromagnetic exchange spring. The exchange spring effect was observed, determining the chirality of its spiral magnetization configuration. By simulation of the domain wall structure, we find that reversal nucleation emerge simultaneously in either surface of two soft layers and the magnetic moments of hard layer start rotation at reversible stage.
Excess Heat Production in a Deuterium/Palladium Gas-Solid System
Authors: Lu Xin , Shen Bing Jun , Zhao Xin Le , Jin Li Hong , Tian Jian
Published: February 2014

In a D-Pd gas-loading system some deuterium atoms were introduced into a palladium wire under the pressure of PD2<1atm and 8A electric current was passed through another palladium wire. The relationship between electric current and excess heat triggered by the current was studied at different conditions of reaction. Evidence of large excess heat was found in the system and details of the calorimetric measurements were reported in this paper. The system produced excess energy of about 11 MJ within 11 hours, which was corresponding to 2.5×103eV for each palladium atom witch more than that in any chemical process. The results of SEM and EDS did not show any remarkable evidence of nuclear reaction in this exothermic process.
Components Analysis of Monomer Acid and Application in Biodiesel
Authors: Liu Xiao Feng
Published: February 2014

The chemical components of fatty acid in monomer acid were determined by GC/MS. After the sample was etherified via methanol, the chemical ingredients and their relative contents of fatty acid in it were analyzed by GC/MS. Fifteen components (such as Myristic acid, Palmitic acid, Oleic acid and Stearic acid ) were identified. The analyzed results showed that the Tetradecanoic acid content reached up to 12.16%, the Hexadecanoic acid accounted for 8.51%, the Octadecenoic acid arrived at 25.53% and the Octadecanoic acid 32.72%. The production technology of biodiesel from monomer acid, using p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst, was introduced. Through orthogonal analysis of parameters in a four-factor and three-level test, the optimum conditions obtained for the esterification were molar ratio of methanol to acid 3:1, usage amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid 6% and reaction time 3h, reaction temperature 60°C.Under the optimum conditions, conversion efficiency of biodiesel with monomer acid arrived at 98%.
Deacification of High Acid-Containing Crude by Solvent Extraction under Ultrasonic Irradiation
Authors: Wu Hong Guan , Li Hai Feng , Yu Guo Xian
Published: February 2014

A compounded deacidificant was used for deacidification of domestic Bei-Jiang crude. In this work, its formulation was optimized in detail. Effect of reaction temperature, time and the ratio to crude oil was examined. Acceleration by using ultrasonic irritation in deacidification process was investigated. Our results revealed a deacificant composed of ethylene glycol as neutralization agent and cyclohexylamine as extraction solvent not only provided an excellent deacidificcation extent, but also no emulsion problem appeared. 30% cyclohexylamine-containing ethylene glycol solution has the best performance. Deacidification extent reached 85% and higher at a solvent and oil weight ratio of 15%.Ultrasonic wave played an accerleration role, resulting in a shorter reaction time. Naphthenic acids and solvent components were recovered by using vacuum distillation.The recovery rate for solvent components were 99.3% for ethylene and 96.6% for cyclohexylamine respectively. The purity of recovered naphthenic acids was rather high, reaching a acid value of 167.
Stress of Nutrients Deficiency on Growth and Lipid Accumulation in Oil-Rich Navicula sp.
Authors: Ji Xiang , Wang Jin Rong , Miao Xiao Li , Liu Kai Hua , Cai Lu
Published: February 2014

Based on optimized aquatic diatom medium, treatment of nutrient deficiency was carried out to Navicula sp. and the analysis results of comprehensive biomass and total lipid content indicated that the optimal Tmass concentrations of TFeClB3B·3HB2BO,T TCdSOB4 Band Citric acid were 1.2×10P-5P mol/L, 0.8μg/L and 12 mg/L, respectively. Maximum biomass of Navicula sp. on this culture medium at 680 spectrophotometrically could reach 1.201. Final lipid content of this microalgae could be improved from 26.60% to 37.68% after the stress of nutrient deficiency treatment.
Drying Kinetics of RDX under Vacuum Conditions
Authors: Zhang Yao Xuan , Chen Hou He , Chen Teng
Published: February 2014

The drying characteristics of Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) are investigated in the ranges of 60-90°C of drying temperature under two vacuum conditions in a laboratory scale dryer. The effect of drying temperature and absolute pressure on the drying characteristics is determined. In order to estimate and select the suitable form of RDX drying curves, the curves are fitted to ten different semi-theoretical and/or empirical thin-layer drying models and coefficients are evaluated by non-linear regression analysis. The models are compared based on their coefficient of determination, such as mean bias error, root mean square error, reduced chi-square and modeling efficiency between experimental and predicted moisture ratios. It is deduced that Midilli-Kucuk model has shown a better fit to the experimental drying data as compared to other models. A diffusion model is used to describe the moisture transfer and the effective diffusivity for RDX drying is also determined at each temperature. Beside, the activation energy is also expressed using Arrhenius-type relationship under atmospheric pressure and vacuum conditions.
Analysis of Phase Change Energy Storage Material Selected Based on Rural Kang Body
Authors: Li Hui Xing , Ding Hong Yu , Feng Guo Hui , Cai Xiao Xu
Published: February 2014

Improving rural living thermal environment and rural residential energy-saving effect has becomes a hot society issue. As to two main problems of rural kang which are poor regenerative performance and surface temperature uneven,combined with the characteristics of phase change energy storage technologies,phase change energy storage technology was used in kang body. Grasping the properties and characteristics of different types of energy storage materials,according to the requirement of the human body comfort temperature of the kang surface,selecting phase transition temperature of the phase change energy storage materials which should be put forward kang surface comfort temperature between 24 ~ 35°Cphase change heat storage is particularly important. Through the phase change material selection, get three types of phase change thermal storage materials which are suitable for rural kang, which provides analysis method and basic reference for the selection of the phase change material to kang body, enhanced the heat storage capacity of kang,protected kang surface temperature uniformity and improved the energy-saving efficiency of housing in rural areas.
Measuring, Control and Protection of HTS Magnet for a 1 MJ/0.5 MVA SMES
Authors: Dai Shao Tao , Zhu Zhi Qin , Teng Yu Ping , Xiao Li Ye , Zhang Jing Ye , Guo Wen Yong , Gao Zhi Yuan , Song Nai Hao , Zhang Zhi Feng , Qiu Qing Quan , Zhang Guo Min , Lin Liang Zhen
Published: February 2014

An 1 MJ/0.5 MVA high-Tc SMES has been developed by the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It has been operating in a real power grid since February 16, 2011 in Baiyin City, Gansu Province in northwest China. The SMES magnet is immersed in liquid helium and cooled by four G-M cryo-coolers to keep zero helium vaporization. To ensure safe operation of the system, protection of the HTS magnet is a necessity, which, however, cannot be complemented by only single protection. In this paper, coordinate protection of the system is introduced by an online measuring and control system and a power conversion unit, and the control principle is described in detail. By means of the coordinate protection, the temperature and pressure inside the SMES Dewar are controlled in the range of 4.3-4.5 K and 0.01~0.025 MPa, respectively. Long term demonstration of the SMES during a period of more than two years shows that the coordinate protection can ensure a stable and reliable operation of the HTS magnet.
Optimal Investment Decision for Wind Power Projects under Renewable Portfolios Standards in China
Authors: Sun Yi , Huang Hai Feng , Han Jie
Published: February 2014

China government will introduce the Renewable Portfolios Standards (RPS) to promote the wind power accommodation. As a result, investors face three sources of uncertainty, namely, investment costs, electricity prices and subsidies. This paper adopts a real options approach to analyze investment timing and capacity choice for wind power projects considering these uncertainties under RPS. Simulation results indicate that lower investment costs encourage earlier investment, and higher electricity prices and subsidies create incentives for earlier investment and larger capacity of wind power projects. Besides, the proposed model can be used by policy makers to make appropriate policies.
Grid Enterprise Operational Risk Identification and Assessment Model
Authors: Wang Shu Xiang , Zheng Wei Dong , Deng Chuang , Xu Hou Dong , Wang Sheng Wei , Chen Kun , Zhao Jia Yao
Published: February 2014

Based on the Balanced Scored Card theory, this research built a fishbone diagram model of power grid enterprises operational risk identification, and established an index system of operational risk by an index of grid enterprises operational risk ISM selection model. Proposing a multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of grid enterprises operational risk which based on AHP method and transforming evaluation results into the scores to do quantitative analysis for evaluation results. There is an empirical analysis on provincial power Grid Company with the simple model and easy operation, and the evaluation results can serve as a basis decision-making for risk-averse.
The Bioenergy Plant Hybrid Pennisetum Improves Chilling Resistance by Enhancing the Unsaturation of Membrane Lipid under Low Temperature
Authors: Chen Min , Liu Yan , Sui Na , Yuan Fang , Wang Bao Shan
Published: February 2014

Hybrid Pennisetum (Pennisetum americanum×P. purpureum) is a widely used bioenergy grass that could also serve as forage for livestock production. In a pot experiment, breed No.1 and breed No. 2 of hybrid Pennisetum were treated with 15°C /10°C day/night temperature for 10 days. Results showed that yield and photosynthesis of breed No. 1 were higher than those of breed No. 2 under low temperature. The unsaturated fatty acid content and the DBI (double bond index) of the major membrane lipid of MGDG (monogalactosyldiacylglycerols), DGDG (digalactosyldiacylglycerols), PG (phosphatidylglycerols), PC (phosphatidylcholines) and PE (phosphatidylethanolamine) of breed No. 1 were significantly increased, while significantly decreased for breed No. 2. We also observed an increase in the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids and a decrease in the proportion of saturated fatty acids under low temperature for breed No. 1, while it was reverse for breed No. 2. Thes results inducate that chilling resistance of breed No. 1 was improved by enhancing the unsaturation of membrane lipid under low temperature. These findings would be useful for understanding mechanism of chilling resistance and the production of hybrid Pennisetum as a biofuel on saline land in the Northern of the China.
Energy Flow Analysis and Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Liu Wei , Feng Xi Yu , Huang Guan , Huan Han Qing
Published: February 2014

Based on the relative data and materials, the energy flowchart of Sichuan province in 2008 was drew at first, then the energy input, output, consumption, corresponding pollutants emission of Sichuan province from 2000 to 2008 were analysed simultaneously. The results show that the total energy consumption reaches up to about 15144.96 tons of standard coal in 2008, the average annual growth rate is 8.42%. Coal and non-fossil energy consumption accounts for 65.35% and 8.44% of total energy consumption respectively. SO2 emissions decreases by an average annual rate of 4.03% since 2005, but NOX and CO2 emissions increases with average annual growth rate of 6.58% and 8.37% respectively. In addition, the energy consumption and pollutants emission of Sichuan province during "the 12th Five-Year Plan" are predicted and analysed within different scenario, then the development plan is proposed. Finally, suggestions of energy conservation and emission reduction in Sichuan province are proposed.
Shale Gas Development Environmental Impacts and Consideration
Authors: Lu Jing Mei , Gao Wen Lei
Published: February 2014

Shale gas as one of the clean energy gradually cuts a striking figure in energy market, and has been commercially and widely developed in U.S. Chinese economic development demand for clean energy is so urgent that shale gass exploration and development has been put in agenda. In this paper, through the study on American shale gas development situation, new techniques of shale gas development and its effects on the environment, with the comprehensive analysis of domestic shale gas resources, water resources and the environment which should be faced and be solved during the broad development of shale gas. We point out that shale gas development should employ the new technology of horizontal drilling and fluid management innovation to protect the environment which is facing gradually worse challenge, and provide some suggestion of environmental protection to Chinese government and energy corporation (Operator), which want to make decisions about how to manage the challenges that may accompany shale gas development.
Clean Energy Development of Silk Road Economic Belt in Xinjiang
Authors: Abudureyimu Asifujiang , Han Qian
Published: February 2014

Xinjiang has energy rich in its reserve of coal, oil, and natural gas, and also rich in renewable energy with plentiful sunshine and wind. Xinjiang is at the cross road of Asia, and also located in the center of the Silk Road economic belt. Silk Road Economic Belt focus is ecological safety, economic growth, education, energy development, financial cooperation, new technology and tourism development. Silk Road Economic Belt has long been important as a conduit for facilitating the exchange of ideas and technologies between China and the rest of Eurasia, and also about helping foster development and therefore long-term stability in Xinjiang.
Opportunities and Challenges of Wind Power Generation in China
Authors: Han Qian , Abudureyimu Asifujiang
Published: February 2014

China's wind power market development is set to continue its growth trend of 2011. The newly added installed capacity will be in the range of 15-18GW and is expected to reach approximately 18GW. By 2015, the installed wind power capacity will reach 100GW. The percentage of decentralized wind power will further increase, but large-scale development and land-based wind power development will still be the focus, while the ratio of decentralized wind power has the potential to reach a maximum of 30%. As power grid corporations continue to improve their ultra-high voltage power transmission lines, intelligent power grids and other infrastructure, the power grids' ability to absorb wind power electricity on a largescale, and the scale of cross-region wind power transmission will increase, with the wind power grid-connection rate also significantly increase. The wind power manufacturing industry has entered a low-profit era; competition will intensify, the market will become more mature, and wind power manufacturers will face greater market challenges. However, the wind power industry's maturity and lowering costs have enhanced wind power's competitiveness compared to traditional energy sources. Wind power has become a highstrength emerging power supply technology and its contribution to China's electricity mix will gradually increase.
Analysis of Energy Consumption in China and the Driving Factors Based on MRCI
Authors: Sun Hong Hai , Sun Yan Bin , Wang Yan Qiu
Published: February 2014

Using the complete structure of input output analysis theory and no residual decomposition method (MRCI) effect on the growth of energy consumption China and corresponding contribution rate of quantitative analysis of scale effect, the contribution rate of 100.99%, the structure of production effect, the contribution rate of 38.16%, per capita energy efficiency reached 9.05%, population scale contribution rate of 12.11%, the use of the structure effect reached 6.09%, distribution structure effect is up to 5.83%, pushing the energy consumption growth Chinese role; energy intensity effect contribution rate of-72.23% China, inhibit the growth of energy consumption, saving energy and reducing consumption of our country plays an important role.