bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metastases of unknown origin: Principles of diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Petrovic Dragana , Muzikravic Ljubomir , Jovanovic Darjana
Published: November 2007

DEFINITION Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) origin refers to patients who present with histologically confirmed metastatic cancer in whom a detailed medical history, complete physical examination, including pelvic and rectal examination, full blood count and biochemistry, urinalysis and stool occult blood testing, histopathological review of biopsy speimens with the use of immunohistochemistry, chest radiography, computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis, and in certain cases mammography, fail to identify the primary site. EPIDEMIOLOGY of CUP The cancer of unknown primary accounts for 3%-5% of all human cancers. DIAGNOSIS of CUP The standard diagnostic procedure for the majority of patients includes histopathologic review of biopsy specimens with the use of immunohistochemistry, full blood count, routine biochemistry, fecal occult blood testing, urine testing, chest radiography, and computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis. The four common histologic diagnoses are: adenocarcinoma (70%), poorly differentiated carcinoma (20%), squamous carcinoma (10%), and poorly differentiated neoplasms (5%). PROGNOSIS of CUP The prognosis for most patients with unknown primary tumors is poor, with survival often less than 6 months from diagnosis. THERAPY of CUP Based on clinical and pathologic features, approximately 40% of patients can be categorized within subsets for which specific treatment has been defined. Empiric therapy is an option for the remaining 60% of patients. CONCLUSION Metastatic tumors of unknown origin have a unique clinical presentation due to a specific biology. Insight into the molecular biology of unknown primary tumors will be essential for the development of more effective treatments.
Peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells: Biology, apheresis collection and cryopreservation
Authors: Urosevic Ivana , Balint Bela , Popovic Stevan
Published: November 2007

Introduction Hematopoiesis is a continuous, dynamic and highly complex process resulting in production of various mature blood cells from a small population of pluripotent stem and progenitor cells through diverse proliferative and differentiative events. Numerous studies have demonstrated that a complex network of interactive cytokines regulates the survival, maturation, and proliferation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Application of cell-mediated therapy Massive application of different cell-mediated therapeutic methods has resulted in an increased need for both specific HSPCs and operating procedures providing minimal cell damage during collection, processing and storage in a liquid or frozen state. Therefore, the basic aim of cell harvesting, selection, as well as cryopreservation is to minimize cell damage during these procedures. HSPCs are cells which exhibit extensive self-renewal and proliferative capacity, associated with the capacity to differentiate into all blood cells and other cell lineages (plasticity of HSPC). Thanks to these properties, stem cells can provide complete and permanent restoration of hematopoiesis, which is the basis for clinical employment of HSPC transplantation. In addition, totipotent stem cells can be used for the so called "cell-therapy" in different clinical settings (e.g. myocardial regeneration after acute infarction). Conclusion Despite the fact that HSPC transplantation is already in routine use, some questions related to the optimal blood progenitor/cell collection, selection, storage and clinical use are still unresolved. Therefore, this review only briefly discusses the therapeutic use of HSPCs in different clinical areas and focuses on the recommendations, as well as the specific transfusion policies related to HSPC collection, processing, and cryopreservation with an emphasis on quality control.
Endoscopic carpal tunnel release using the modified Chow's extrabursal dual portal technique: Clinical results of 640 patients
Authors: Kim Poong-Taek , Micic Ivan , Park Il-Hyng , Jeon In-Ho
Published: November 2007

During a 4-year period, a total of 784 wrists of 640 patients were treated using a modified Chow's extrabursal dual portal endoscopic technique. All surgeries were performed under local anesthesia. A 1-cm incision was marked 1 - 2 cm proximal to the distal wrist crease, in the midline, ulnar to the palmaris longus. A distal portal was established along a line bisecting an angle created by the intersection of the ulnar border of the abducted thumb and the third web space. An obturator and cannula assembly were inserted under the portal, and three blades were used to cut under endoscopic vision. Subjective results showed that 706 hands (90%) had a reduction in the severity of pain after carpal tunnel release, 706 hands (90%) had a reduction in the severity of paresthesia and 729 hands (93%) had a reduction in the severity of numbness. Nocturnal pain and paresthesia were relieved in 745 cases (95%). Compared with the conventional open carpal tunnel release, less postoperative pain and faster recovery have been reported following endoscopic carpal tunnel release. This study suggests that extrabursal dual portal technique is a safe and reliable treatment option for carpal tunnel syndrome with a high success rate.
Causes of sudden cardiac death in athletes
Authors: Popovic Dejana , Ostojic Miodrag , Popovic Nada , Stojiljkovic Stanimir , Scepanovic Ljiljana
Published: November 2007

Introduction Sudden cardiac death in athletes is a growing problem, despite the huge existing knowledge in medicine and sports. Effects of vigorous physical activity In response to vigorous physical activity, the body undergoes profound morphologic and functional changes. These changes are usually healthy, but sometimes may gravitate to some cardiac diseases. But still, most sudden cardiac deaths are due to previous unknown diseases. Causes of sudden cardiac death The most common cause of sudden cardiac death in athletes is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Other reasons are congenital coronary artery anomalies, myocarditis, dilatative cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy of the right ventricle, sarcoidosis, mitral valve prolapse, aortic valve stenosis, atherosclerosis, long QT syndrome, and blunt impact to the chest. Conclusion Bearing in mind the above mentioned, more frequent physical examinations of athletes are recommended.
Central venous catheter-related infections: Risk factors and effects of glycopeptide antibiotics
Authors: Arsenijevic Ljubica , Popovic Nada , Kojic Zvezdana , Stefanovic Slobodanka , Filimonovic Dejan , Karamarkovic Aleksandar
Published: November 2007

INTRODUCTION Central venous catheters (CVC) are used in the treatment of critically ill patients. Indications for placement of CVCs include hemodynamic monitoring, administration of intravenous fluids, medications and total parenteral nutrition. MATERIAL AND METHODS We investigated risk factors and effects of glycopeptide antibiotics on the development of central venous catheter-related infections in 300 patients treated in intensive care units. A semiquntitative culture technique was used. The investigation included: age, diagnosis on admission, catheter insertion site, catheter duration, the first or next catheter and using of glycopeptide drugs. RESULTS 91 catheters (30.3%) were colonised, catheter-related infection was found in 50 catheters (16.7%). Infections were more frequent in catheters inserted through the internal jugular vein than in subclavian venous catheters; they were also more frequent if duration of catheterization was longer than seven days, but less frequent in patients who received glycopeptide antibiotics. The isolated microorganism was Staphylococcus aureus. DISCUSSION According to the literature, a number of catheter-related risk factors for infections include: insertion site, type of catheter, the number of manipulations, inadequat asepsis, lumen number, type of antiseptic. The relative importance of one risk factor over another is difficult to assess, given that studies have no priority report. CONCLUSION The duration of catheterization and the insertion site were the most frequent risk factors for infection. The use of glycopeptide antibiotics during catheterization has protective effects.
Fever of unknown origin: A case report of brucellar discitis
Authors: Tomic Dusan , Stokic Edita , Turkulov Vesna , Ivkovic-Lazar Tatjana
Published: November 2007

Introduction Febrile episodes of unknown origin lasting for two weeks require detailed investigation by various medical specialists. Fever of unknown origin is most commonly caused by infections, malignancy, colagenosis and in 5-10% of cases, despite detailed diagnostic assessment, the cause remains unknown. In cases of fever of unknown origin, the diagnostic procedures are difficult and complex. Case report This is a case report of brucellar discitis in a female patient treated at the Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases with a diagnosis of fever of unknown origin. Her laboratory findings revealed high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, anemia and high gamma globulin fractions. The patient underwent radiology examination and a suspicion of infection was defined, which was later confirmed by additional tests. Conclusion Despite the fact that the diagnostic investigations of patients with fever of unknown origin are complex and time consuming, detection of the cause is of utmost importance and it is a prerequisite for successful therapy.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm: Rupture of the anterior wall
Authors: Draskovic Miroljub , Misovic Sidor , Jevtic Miodrag , Sarac Momir
Published: November 2007

Introduction An aneurysm is a focal dilatation of an artery (aorta), involving an increase in diameter of at least 50% as compared to the expected normal diameter (over 3 cm). Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) cause thousands of deaths every year, many of which can be prevented with timely diagnosis and treatment. AAA can be asymptomatic for many years, but in one third of patients whose aneurysm ruptured, the mortality rate is 90%. In the past, palpation of the abdomen was the preferred method for identifying AAA. However, diagnostic imaging techniques, such as ultrasonography and computed tomography are more accurate and offer opportunities for early detection of AAA. Case report This paper is a case report of an 83-year old female patient. She was admitted due to severe pain in the abdomen. We already knew about the AAA (from her medical history). After using all available diagnostic procedures, rupture or dissection of the AAA were not confirmed. The patient underwent emergency surgery. During the operation, rupture of the anterior wall of the aneurysm was found. The anterior wall was filled with parietal thrombus, which hermetically closed the perforation. The patient was successfully operated and recovered. Conclusion The aim of this case report was to point out that our diagnostic procedures failed to confirm the rupture of AAA. We decided to apply surgical treatment, based on medical experience, clinical findings, ultrasonography and computed tomography and during operation rupture of AAA was confirmed. Patients with an already diagnosed AAA, or patients with clinical picture of rupture or dissection, are in urgent need for surgery, no matter what diagnostic tools are being used.
Electromyographic activity of the temporal and masseter muscles at different occlusal positions
Authors: Petrovic Djordje , Horvat-Banic Sofija
Published: November 2007

Introduction. Normal occlusion or eugnathia, is a morphologically and functionally balanced bite. Differences in the form and function of orofacial structures cause morphological and functional deviations of the orofacial system. Irregular occlusal positions may consequently change the electromyographic activity of the muscles of orofacial region. The aim of the research was an analysis and a comparative analysis of the bioelectrical activity of masticatory muscles in normal occlusion and distocclusion, in rest position, in the position of the central occlusion of the mandible and at the maximum voluntary muscle contraction. Material and methods. The metodology of the research is based on electromyographic recording of the action potentials of the examined muscles in different mandibular positions. Registration of action potentials of the masticatory muscles was done using, facial, intramuscular, and coaxial electrodes, (Greenfield scheme) and measurements were performed on both sides. The research was carried out on a sample of 60 patients with an average age of 14,25 years. 30 subjects had normal occlusion and 30 had distal occlusion. Results. The results were expressed in microvolts, as average cumulative amplitude voltages of action potentials, by means of which changes in the masticatory muscles were established and the degree of correlation between the electromyographic activity of the masticatory muscles and the occlusal type was analyzed. Conclusion. The results of the research show that the bioelectrical activity of the examined masticatory muscles falls in the group of subjects with distal occlusion, which is the result of a decreased number of active muscular tissues, or a decreased number of impulses coming into the muscle, or the combination of both. .
Electrophysiological characteristics of the athlete's heart
Authors: Popovic Dejana , Brkic Predrag , Nesic Dejan , Stojiljkovic Stanimir , Scepanovic Ljiljana , Ostojic Miodrag
Published: November 2007

Introduction. The athletic heart syndrome is characterized by morphological, functional and electrophysiological alterations as an adaptive response to vigorous physical activity. Athletes heart is predominantly associated with a programmed, intensive training. But as there are different kinds of physical activities, the degree of these changes is highly variable. Electrophysiological characteristics of the athlete's heart. The response of the body to vigorous physical activity is a multiorgan system phenomenon. The integrated functioning of each of these organ systems is very important, but the cardiovascular system plays a critical role in mediating the activity. Because of that, most changes in the neurohumoral regulation pre- dominantly affect the cardiovascular system. These changes include: depression of sympathetic activity and stimulation of parasympathetic activity, so electrophysiological characteristics of the athlete's heart must differ from the sedentary. Although these facts, are well known, the athlete's heart is not a precisely defined concept. It is a gray zone between physiology and pathology. Conclusion. Considering the number of sudden cardiac deaths in athletes, it is needless to say how important it is to distinguish physiological changes of the heart due to physical activity, and pathological changes due to some cardiac diseases.
Erysipelas today
Authors: Gvozdenovic Eleonora , Dulovic Olga
Published: November 2007

Introduction: Erysipelas is a form of cellulitis and a bacterial infection affecting the most superficial layers of the skin which is caused by group A -hemolytic Streptococcus. The symptoms of erysipelas usually arise quite suddenly and they are often accompanied by fever, chill and shivering. The affected skin is distinguished from other forms of cellulites by well-defined, raised edge. The affected skin is red, swollen and may be finely dimpled (like an orange skin). Treatment of erysipelas Uncomplicated erysipelas can be treated on an outpatient basis. Indications for hospitalization include a severe clinical picture and socioeconomics factors. Most patients suffering from erysipelas in Belgrade are treated at the Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, and the aim of this study was to analyze patients treated during 2002 and 2003, in order to determine characteristics of erysipelas at the beginning of the XXI century. Material and methods: During the studied period, we treated 60 patients (26.7%) of all registrated erysipelas cases in Belgrade. The male/female ratio was 1:1.6. Discussion and conclusion: Prevalence was higher during the summer months. In most cases, the severity and the need for hospitalization were recognized at the beginning; therefore, 74% of patients were hospitalized during the first five days from the onset of nonspecific signs of illness. Laboratory tests showed mild leukocytosis (med 12.05 x 10/9/l), with predominant neutrophils (74.8%) and increased fibrinogen (med 5.4 g/l). Predisposing factors were present in 83.3% of cases; of them, in 35% of cases this was not the first episode of this illness. In 85% of cases erysipelas of the leg was established, and it was the most frequent localization of all.
Level of neurotic disorders among drivers causing traffic accidents
Authors: Djuric Predrag , Filipovic Danka
Published: November 2007

Different aspects of driver personality may affect traffic safety. Extended driver reaction time causes deceleration of the reflexes, which is a major cause of traffic accidents. Cornell index was used in 30 drivers responsible for traffic accidents, with the aim to measure their level of neurotic disorder and compare them with results of controls (drivers not responsible for traffic accidents). Reaction time was measured and compared among subjects with normal results of Cornell test and those with pathological findings. Drivers causing traffic accidents showed significantly higher Cornell index scores than drivers not responsible for traffic accidents. Drivers with pathological results of Cornell index showed a significantly longer reaction time.
Finite difference method for computer study of the interfacial heat transfer coefficient during rapid solidification of spherical samples on a metallic substrate
Authors: Nikolic Z.S. , Yoshimura M. , Araki S. , Fujiwara T.
Published: November 2007

In this paper a numerical model will be adopted to analyze the heat transfer process during rapid solidification of a spherical sample placed on a metallic substrate cooled by water. The interfacial heat transfer coefficient between the sample and the substrate will be evaluated by matching model calculations with the surface temperature history recorded by a digital camera during solidification of a sample melted in an Arc-image furnace. .
Integrated liquid-phase sintering of glass-alumina functionally graded materials
Authors: Yu C.L. , Wang X.F. , Tong X. , Jiang H.T. , Wang G.W.
Published: November 2007

The sintering mechanism of glass-alumina functionally graded materials (G-A FGMs) at 710?C prepared by a novel rapid prototyping manufacturing (RP&M) technology was studied. An integrated kinetics equation was established for the initial 20 minutes. Linear shrinkage is due to the integrated working of both viscous flow of the glass particles and gravitation of the effective activated alumina grain boundaries towards the equilibrium state. The driving force for gravitation of the activated alumina grain boundaries originates from the coactions of passive flow of the alumina particles during viscous flow of the glass particles and the compressive stress formed during cooling. In the middle 10 minutes, the sintering process follows the solution-precipitation mechanism. Confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the line scanning Energy Dispersive Spectrum (EDS), a layer of Si-Al eutectic of about 1.04?m on the alumina surface is formed. Then the alkali and alkali earth ions in the glass phase diffuse through this layer and precipitate on the surface. Additionally, the dissolved Al ions can easily transport through the eutectic layer and precipitate in the glass matrix due to the effect of Si in the glass matrix.
Photoacoustic properties of single crystal PbTe(Ni)
Authors: Lukovic D. , Nikolic P.M. , Vujatovic S. , Savic S. , Urosevic D.
Published: November 2007

Single crystals of PbTe(Ni) were investigated by the photoacoustic method. They were produced using the Bridgeman method. These crystals have a sodium chloride cubic lattice and could be cleaved paralel to the plane orientation (200). They were of the n-type. Phase and amplitude photoacoustic spectra were measured using a transmision detection configuration set-up. Photoacoustic (PA) spectra (single and normalized) were numerically analyzed using the Rosencwaig-Gersho model. Thermal diffusivity and some electron-transport parameters were determined. These results were compared with existing results for pure single crystal PbTe. Thermal difusivity of PbTe(Ni) is a bit higher than the thermal difusivity of pure PbTe. This is the consequence of a decreasing concentration of the majority free carriers in the doped alloy. .
Mapping the potential for decentralized energy generation based on RES in Western Balkans
Authors: Schneider Daniel , Duic Neven , Raguzin Igor , Bogdan Zeljko , Ban Marko , Grubor Borislav , Stefanovic Predrag , Dakic Dragoljub , Repic Branislav , Stevanovic Zarko , Zbogar Ana , Studovic Maja , Nemoda Stevan , Oka Nikola , Djurovic Dejan , Kadic Nikola , Bakic Vuk
Published: November 2007

Although the countries of the Western Balkans are mostly electrified, there are still regions which do not have access to the electricity network or where the network capacity is insufficient. For the most part such areas are under special care of the state (i. e. underdeveloped, devastated by war, depopulated), on islands or in mountainous regions. Since the decentralized energy generation covers a broad range of technologies, including many renewable energy technologies that provide small-scale power at sites close to the users, such concept could be of interest for these locations. This paper identifies the areas in Western Balkans where such systems could be applied. Consideration is given to geographical locations as well as possible applications. Wind, hydro, solar photovoltaic, and biomass conversion systems were taken into consideration. Since the renewable energy sources data for Western Balkans region are rather scarce, the intention was to give a survey of the present situation and an estimate of future potential for decentralized energy generation based on renewable energy sources. The decentralized energy generation based on renewable energy sources in Western Balkans will find its niche easier for the users that will produce electricity for their own needs and for the users located in remote rural areas (off-grid applications).
Multi-criteria sustainability assessment: A tool for evaluation of new energy system
Authors: Afgan Naim , Begic Fajik , Kazagic Anes
Published: November 2007

One of perspective methods for the evaluation of quality of energy system is the multi-criteria sustainability assessment, based on the analysis and synthesis of indicators expressing different aspects of the system. Application of this methodology in the cases of information deficiency (ASPID methodology) enables evaluation of various energy systems. In the paper, the multi-criteria sustainability assessment of energy systems of various energy sources is used to evaluate the energy power system of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Eight different energy system options are taken into a consideration as the potential options for the capacity building within the energy power system of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It has included various renewable sources and fossil fuel clean technologies. Within the multi-criteria sustainability assessment method, sustainability indicators and weighting coefficients are defined and calculated, including: resource indicator, environment indicator, social indicator and economic indicator with respective weighting factors. The methodology includes the system of stochastic models of uncertainty in order to realize the assessment from various supporting systems, and to obtain respective normalization indexes by using non-numeric (ordinal), non-exact (interval), and non-complete information (NNN- information), for sources of various reliability and probability. By the analysis of multi-criteria sustainability assessment of selected options, the decision makers could be enabled to form opinion on quality of considered energy systems, and from the aspect of sustainability, make selection an optimum option of energy system. .
Co-generation: Increasing energy efficiency in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Lekic Alija , Hadziefendic Semsudin
Published: November 2007

The main sources for power generation in Bosnia and Herzegovina are domestic coals, mainly lignite and brown coals, which are relatively characterized with a high content of sulphur (3-5%) and incombustibles (?30%). From the 70?s, use of this type of fuels was not allowed in the city of Sarajevo due to very unfavorable emissions to the atmosphere, during the heating period, and since then Sarajevo has been supplied with natural gas. All the heating installations in the city were reconstructed and adapted. The district heating system Toplane Sarajevo is supplied with electrical energy from the Public electrical distribution network (Elektrodistribucija Sarajevo) at low voltage (0.4 kV). The boiler-house Dobrinja III-2 (KDIII-2), from the district heating system of Sarajevo Suburb Dobrinja, which was not in use after the war 1992-1995, had a lot of advantages for the reconstruction into the co-generation plant. The Government of Canton Sarajevo financially supported this proposal. An analysis of co-generations for the district heating system and a selection of most appropriate co-generation systems were made. In the proposed conceptual design, the co-generation KDIII-2 was located in the existing boiler-house KDIII-2, connected with the heating system in Dobrinja. The operating costs of production of electricity and heat were evaluated in the study and compared with the costs of conventional energy supply to the district heating system. This analysis resulted in economic indicators, which showed that this investment was economically viable, and it also determined the payback period of the investment. In this paper results of the mentioned study and an overview of co-generation in Bosnia and Herzegovina are presented.
Application of pilot technologies for energy utilization of agricultural residues in Northern Greece
Authors: Zabaniotou Anastasia , Skoulou Vicky
Published: November 2007

The enormous potential of agro biomass can be exploited to produce sustainable bioenergy. Proper management and further exploitation of this potential could lead to economically profitable approximations and solutions for the agricultural industry and even energy production industry. Gasification in-situ with energy production or pyrolysis of the above mentioned residues, under a non-oxidizing atmosphere for alternative fuels production could be a solution to the environmental problems that land filling or conventional combustion could create. The present work focuses on combustion and pyrolysis of cotton gin residues in Greece, as an alternative way of energy production. The purpose of presentation of a case study of the two alternatives methods (combustion and gasification or pyrolysis), by using cotton ginning waste as biofuel, is to show the appropriateness of new bioenergy sources by coupling them with energy production technologies. These technologies can be applied in northern Greece as well as in other Balkan or Mediterranean countries. .
Large-scale heat pumps in sustainable energy systems: System and project perspectives
Authors: Blarke Morten , Lund Henrik
Published: November 2007

This paper shows that in support of its ability to improve the overall economic cost-effectiveness and flexibility of the Danish energy system, the financially feasible integration of large-scale heat pumps (HP) with existing combined heat and power (CHP) plants, is critically sensitive to the operational mode of the HP vis-?-vis the operational coefficient of performance, mainly given by the temperature level of the heat source. When using ground source for low-temperature heat source, heat production costs increases by about 10%, while partial use of condensed flue gasses for low-temperature heat source results in an 8% cost reduction. Furthermore, the analysis shows that when a large-scale HP is integrated with an existing CHP plant, the projected spot market situation in The Nordic Power Exchange (Nord Pool) towards 2025, which reflects a growing share of wind power and heat-supply constrained power generation electricity, further reduces the operational hours of the CHP unit over time, while increasing the operational hours of the HP unit. In result, an HP unit at half the heat production capacity as the CHP unit in combination with a heat-only boiler represents as a possibly financially feasible alternative to CHP operation, rather than a supplement to CHP unit operation. While such revised operational strategy would have impacts on policies to promote co-generation, these results indicate that the integration of large-scale HP may jeopardize efforts to promote co-generation. Policy instruments should be designed to promote the integration of HP with lower than half of the heating capacity of the CHP unit. Also it is found, that CHP-HP plant designs should allow for the utilization of heat recovered from the CHP unit?s flue gasses for both concurrent (CHP unit and HP unit) and independent operation (HP unit only). For independent operation, the recovered heat is required to be stored. .
Increasing GLP-1–Induced β-Cell Proliferation by Silencing the Negative Regulators of Signaling cAMP Response Element Modulator-α and DUSP14
Authors: Klinger Sonia , Poussin Carine , Debril Marie-Bernard , Dolci Wanda , Halban Philippe A. , Thorens Bernard
Published: November 2007

OBJECTIVE—Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a growth and differentiation factor for mature β-cells and their precursors. However, the overall effect of GLP-1 on increasing β-cell mass in both in vivo and in vitro conditions is relatively small, and augmenting this effect would be beneficial for the treatment or prevention of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Here, we searched for cellular mechanisms that may limit the proliferative effect of GLP-1 and tested whether blocking them could increase β-cell proliferation.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We examined GLP-1–regulated genes in βTC-Tet cells by cDNA microarrays. To assess the effect of some of these gene on cell proliferation, we reduced their expression using small heterogenous RNA in β-cell lines and primary mouse islets and measured [3H]thymidine or 5′-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation.

RESULTS—We identified four negative regulators of intracellular signaling that were rapidly and strongly activated by GLP-1: the regulator of G-protein–signaling RGS2; the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) antagonists cAMP response element modulator (CREM)-α and ICERI; and the dual specificity phosphatase DUSP14, a negative regulator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway. We show that knockdown of CREMα or DUSP14 or expression of a dominant-negative form of DUSP14 increased β-cell line proliferation and enhanced the GLP-1–induced proliferation of primary β-cells.

CONCLUSIONS—Together, our data show that 1) the cAMP/protein kinase A/CREB and MAPK/ERK1/2 pathways can additively control β-cell proliferation, 2) β-cells have evolved several mechanisms limiting GLP-1–induced cellular proliferation, and 3) blocking these mechanisms increases the positive effect of GLP-1 on β-cell mass.
Comparison of MRI and Local Anesthetic Tendon Sheath Injection in the Diagnosis of Posterior Tibial Tendon Tenosynovitis
Authors: Cooper Andrew J. , Mizel Mark S. , Patel Preetesh D. , Steinmetz Neil D. , Clifford Paul D.
Published: November 2007

Background: The modalities currently available to clinicians to confirm the clinical suspicion of posterior tibial tendinitis include MRI, CT, sonography, tenography, and local anesthetic tendon sheath injections. There are no reports in the literature comparing local anesthetic tendon sheath injection to MRI as tools for diagnosing posterior tibial tenosynovitis. Methods: The authors reviewed the records of all patients with stage 1 posterior tibial tendon dysfunction between the dates of September 1, 2001, to November 21, 2004. Fifteen patients (17 ankles) had a local anesthetic injection into the posterior tibial tendon sheath and MRI for clinically suspected tenosynovitis of the posterior tibial tendon. Results: Seventeen (100%) of 17 ankles had complete relief of symptoms after the local anesthetic tendon sheath injections. Fifteen (88%) of 17 ankles had abnormally increased fluid signal within the posterior tibial tendon sheath seen on MRI. Two of two ankles (100%), after having negative MRI findings, had complete relief with a local anesthetic tendon sheath injection. In addition, conservative treatment failed in these two patients, and they subsequently had tenosynovectomy with gross confirmation at surgery of inflammatory changes within the tendon sheath. These two patients had complete symptom relief after tenosynovectomy. Conclusions: Local tendon sheath injections and MRI are both reliable diagnostic tools. Injection of the posterior tibial tendon is an accurate, safe, and sensitive modality useful in patients in whom MRI studies are negative in the face of continued clinical suspicion.
A Cadaver Study on Preserving Peroneal Nerves During Ankle Arthroscopy
Authors: Ucerler Hulya , Ikiz Z. Asli Aktan , Uygur Mujde
Published: November 2007

Background: Ankle arthroscopy is an important diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, but neurovascular injury remains a disadvantage. By understanding the anatomy of the superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) and deep peroneal nerve (DPN) the risk of nerve injury can be minimized. Methods: Thirty-four lower limbs from 17 cadavers were dissected to find the safest anatomical points easily during arthroscopy. Results: There was a single branch of the SPN in eight of 34 specimens (23.5%); type 1), two branches in 18 (52.9%; type 2), three branches in six (17.7%; type 3) and four branches in two specimens (5.9%; type 5) at the level of the talocrural (TC) joint. The closest SPN branch to lateral border of the TC joint was 14 ± 8.4 mm. There was no branch of the SPN or DPN medial to the extensor hallucis longus tendon in any specimen. The DPN bifurcation was 6.5 mm proximal to the TC joint in a single specimen (2.9%) and 14.5 ± 5.5 mm distal to TC joint in 26 specimens (76.5%). In four specimens (11.8%), the DPN bifurcation was at the same level with the TC joint. In three specimens (8.8%), there was no bifurcation of the DPN. Conclusions: From this study the anatomic landmarks defining the medial midline portal are safely away from the SPN and DPN and their respective branches. Clinical studies are needed to define its safety during ankle arthroscopy. Clinical Relevance: This study proves that the medial midline portal is the best portal for the anterior arthroscopic procedures.
Anatomical Variations in the Insertion of the Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus Tendon
Authors: Patil Vishwas , Frisch Nicholas C. , Ebraheim Nabil A.
Published: November 2007

Background: Multiple pathologies are associated with the peroneus longus tendon including traumatic injury, tendinitis, tenosynovitis, dislocation, acute rupture, chronic tear, and avulsion fractures. While the description of insertion points for the peroneus longus tendon exists in numerous texts and articles, none are consistent in describing the incidence of variation of the insertional slips. Methods: Dissection was performed on the feet of 30 adult, embalmed cadaver limbs disarticulated at the knee and ankle joint. Results: All 30 specimens had a consistent attachment to the base of the first metatarsal by a strong band. A slip to the medial cuneiform was observed in 26 specimens (86.6%). The anterior and posterior frenular ligaments were present in 25 (83.3%) and four (13.3%) specimens, respectively. Another thick and strong fibrous band, termed additional band (AB), was observed close to the metatarsocuneiform joint in nine specimens (30%). Additional slips to the neck of first metatarsal, bases of second, fourth, and fifth metatarsals also were noted. Conclusions: We have described the incidences of variations of the insertion of the peroneus longus tendon and an additional band, which gives rise to various muscles. Clinical Relevance: The results of this study may be important to better understand the symptoms associated with peroneus longus tendon pathologies and the role played by the peroneus longus tendon in maintaining the arch of the foot.
La ville exposée : vues de Meaux et identitées collectives
Authors: Hertzog Anne , Weber Florence
Published: November 2007

Resumo: Esta pesquisa propôe uma leitura da cidade de Meaux e dos seus actores através de uma exposiçāo de quadros. As autoras, após uma análise do percurso e das obras expos tas, hem como do pessoal que realizou a exposiçāo, mostram que о objectivo desta é valorizar uma cidade «memória» de preferência a uma cidade «história»: a encenaçâo de uma geografia selectiva da cidade destina-se a reforçar certos elementos identitdrios.
Lisbonne sans les sens : traversées de la ville par des handicapés
Authors: Bastos Cristiana
Published: November 2007

Resume: Este texto propôe várias possibilidades de mapear a cidade mediante uma etnografia da experiência e dos sentimentos, tomando a Lisboa contemporânea como ponto de referenda. A autora convida a explorar uma das possibilidade dessa «cartografia da experiência» a partir de cidadãos privados de um dos cinco sentidos ou de uma outra capacidade - vista, audição, locomoção.
Métaphores de la maison des hommes kwoma dans la ville: les graffiti à Lisbonne
Authors: Martins Luís
Published: November 2007

A travers le parcours d'un « writer », l'auteur décrit la pratique du graffiti dans la ville de Lisbonne. Il l'aborde en tant que pratique artistique constituant par ailleurs un système d'idées et un modèle social, qui rend possible une analogie avec les maisons cérémonielles masculines kwoma de Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinée. L'analyse s'oriente sur la socialisation juvénile fondée sur la perception de la diversité associée aux usages des espaces, à l'affirmation d'une individualité et à la réinvention d'un sentiment d'appartenance.
Histoire et imaginaire des maisons des immigrés portugais de France : une évolution des formes dans le temps
Authors: Lopes Cardoso Isabel
Published: November 2007

Este texto trata do modo como se operou a escolha do objecto da pesquisa em curso sobre as casas construidas e/ou reabilitadas pelos Portugueses, em França e em Portugal, e do modo como a prática do terreno veio circunscrever e talhar o próprio objecto. A metodologia proposta baseia-se em idas e vindas constantes entre a história da arte e as outras ciéncias sociais e humanas, processo que permite uma circunscrição e um aprofundamento progressives do objecto e privilegia uma leitura da evolução das formas no tempo ao invés de uma leitura da decomposição dos signos.
Les nouvelles « générations sociales » de jeunes Portugais en Allemagne et en France
Authors: Leandro Maria Engracia
Published: November 2007

Baseado num aturado trabalho de campo e numa reflexão teórico-empírica, este artigo estuda a dinâmica identitám, vivida pelos jovens portugueses e suas famílias na Alemanha e em França. Partindo da questão central das mudanças, este artigo analisa ainda a capacidade destes sujeitos sociais de conceberem e avaliarem a sua propria condição sócio-identitária, os seus projectos e a sua propria vida individual, familiar, material e simbólica em articulação com as condições sociais e politicas que os envolvem.
Profils de jeunes d'ascendance portugaise de retour au Portugal : expression linguistique et hétéro-image
Authors: Cabral Alcinda
Published: November 2007

FRE: langue(s)! intégration! identité(s)!
Mémoires de femmes migrantes : « Solange... com saudades »
Authors: Mendelle Noémie
Published: November 2007

Cet article a pour objectif de réfléchir, bien que sommairement, sur certains aspects relatifs aux utilisateurs de deux langues en contact dans le contexte migratoire. Selon plusieurs anthropologues, dont Whorf en particulier, la possession de différentes langues ouvre l'accès à des mondes de pensée distincts, qui modèlent la personnalité du locuteur. Cette possibilité double peut, cependant, entraîner des contraintes socioculturelles, dans les cas où l'exhibition des deux systèmes linguistiques ne respecte pas intégralement la norme. Cette ambivalence relève d'une analyse culturelle de type etic, dans laquelle la pénalisation du locuteur est beaucoup plus due à des raisons sociales que linguistiques.
Potentiometric Investigation of Silver (I) Complexation by Arginine
Authors: Antonilli Marco , Bottari Emilio , Festa Maria Rosa , Gentile Lorella
Published: November 2007

Arginine is an important amino acid involved in the production of NO, which is a vasodilatator. Its property as ligand towards cations was little studied. Also its protonation constants, even if subject of several studies, were not accurately determined. In this paper electromotive force measurements are performed by using a hydrogen electrode to accurately determine the three protonation constant of arginine. At 25 °C and in 1.00 mol dm‐3 NaClO4, as ionic medium, they are log k1 = 12.53 ± 0.05; log k1 k2 = 21.36 ± 0.03 log k3 = 2.20 ± 0.07, while in 1.00 mol dm‐3 NaCl, the following values were obtained: log k1 = 12.35 ± 0.05; log k1 k2 = 21.18 ± 0.03; log k3 = 2.08 ± 0.07.

Galvanic cells involving silver and glass electrodes were employed to study the behaviour of L‐arginine as ligand towards silver (I). The experimental data, obtained at 25 °C and in 1.00 mol dm‐3 NaClO4, were explained by assuming the formation of the species Ag(HL) (log β1,1,1 = 3.79 ± 0.04) and Ag(HL)2 (log β1,2,2 = 7.36 ± 0.03) The results of this paper will be used for future investigation.
Inside Front Cover: A Photosynthetic Reaction Center Covalently Bound to Carbon Nanotubes (Adv. Mater. 22/2007)
Authors: Carmeli I. , Mangold M. , Frolov L. , Zebli B. , Carmeli C. , Richter S. , Holleitner A. W.
Published: November 2007

On p. 3901, Shachar Richter, Alexander Holleitner, and co‐workers report on a novel hybrid system, fabricated by covalent binding of photosynthetic reaction center protein photosystem I (PS I) to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by using carbodiimide chemistry. The versatile chemical modification schemes allow contacting of single PS I protein to two carbon nanotubes, the formation of CNT–PS I–CNT junctions, and electrical contact of carbon nanotubes to gold electrodes via covalent binding to the photosystem. Such nanostructures can pave the way for the construction of electronic circuits for nano‐optoelectronic applications.
Intelligence in DSM‐IV combined type attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder is not predicted by either dopamine receptor/transporter genes or other previously identified risk alleles for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Sonuga‐Barke Edmund J.S. , Brookes Keeley‐Joanne , Buitelaar Jan , Anney Richard , Bitsakou Paraskevi , Baeyens Dieter , Buschgens Cathelijne , Chen Wai , Christiansen Hanna , Eisenberg Jacques , Kuntsi Jonna , Manor Iris , Meliá Amanda , Mulligan Aisling , Rommelse Nanda , Müller Ueli C. , Uebel Henrik , Banaschewski Tobias , Ebstein Richard , Franke Barbara , Gill Michael , Miranda Ana , Oades Robert D. , Roeyers Herbert , Rothenberger Aribert , Sergeant Joseph , Steinhausen Hans Christoph , Thompson Margaret , Taylor Eric , Asherson Philip , Faraone Stephen V.
Published: November 2007

A major goal of genetic studies of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is to identify individual characteristics that might help segregate the disorder's inherent heterogeneity. [Mill et al. (2006); Arch Ger Psychiatry 63:462–469] recently reported a potentially important association between two dopamine‐related risk polymorphisms (DRD4 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in exon 3 and DAT1 VNTR in the 3′ UTR) and lowered IQ in ADHD. The objective of the current study was to replicate the [Mill et al. (2006); Arch Ger Psychiatry 63:462–469] findings in a clinical sample and to extend the analysis to a large range of alternative SNP markers of putative ADHD risk alleles identified in a recent study [Brookes et al. (2006); Mol Genet 11:934–953]. Participants were 1081 children and adolescents with a research‐confirmed combined type ADHD diagnosis and 1300 unaffected siblings who took part in the International Multi‐centre ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) project. They were recruited from multiple settings from across Europe: Belgium, Britain, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland. The results were that ADHD was associated with reduced IQ. However, there was no association between the two dopamine‐related risk polymorphisms and IQ in either the probands or their siblings. Furthermore, other selected genetic markers previously demonstrated to be associated with ADHD in this sample were not associated with IQ. This large scale study with a clinically ascertained and regorously diagnosed sample failed to replicate the association between genetic polymorphisms in the dopamine system and IQ in ADHD. We also observed no association of other SNPs with IQ in ADHD. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reaction of α,β‐unsaturated ketones using cerium (IV) sulfate tetrahydrate in acetic acid
Authors: Itoh Ken‐ichi , Utsukihara Takamitsu , Funayama Kenji , Sakamaki Hiroshi , Kanamori Miyuki , Takahashi T. Tomoyoshi , Saitoh Yoshikazu , Matsushita Masatoshi , He Liangyou , Hashimoto Chikao , Sugiyama Takashi , Horiuchi C. Akira
Published: November 2007

The reaction of α,β‐unsaturated ketones with cerium (IV) sulfate tetrahydrate [Ce(SO4)2·4H2O, CS] in acetic acid gave the corresponding β‐acetoxy ketones. In the case of 2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one with CS in acetic acid, benzobicyclo[2.2.2]octen‐2‐one was obtained. The reaction mechanism also was proposed. Moreover, we report the aromatization and esterification of (R)‐(−)‐carvone by CS in acetic acid. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermo‐viscoelastic behavior of PCNF‐filled polypropylene nanocomposites
Authors: Frormann Lars , Iqbal Azhar , Abdullah Shahrul Azam
Published: November 2007

Thermal and viscoelastic properties of composites of polypropylene (PP) filled with 0–8 vol % of vapor grown platelet carbon nanofibers (PCNF) were investigated. High shear mixing was used to disperse and distribute the nanofibers. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the morphology of the composites that indicated the good dispersion of nanofibers within the PP matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis showed thermal stability enhancements due to the presence of PCNF in the PP matrix. DSC analysis indicated that the inclusion of nanofibers increased the melting temperature of PP matrix. By the incorporation of PCNF, the storage modulus increased whereas the mechanical loss factor (tan δ) decreased. The use and limitations of various theoretical equations to predict the storage modulus and tan δ of the fiber reinforced composites have been discussed. Cole–Cole analysis has been carried out to understand the phase behavior of the nanocomposite samples. Thermal conductivity increases from 0.125 to 0.181 W/mK. Thermal conductivity values were compared with several theoretical and semi empirical models. The van Beek model showed a very good correlation to the measured values. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. JAppl Polym Sci, 2008
Inequalities between some large deviation rates
Authors: Macci Claudio
Published: November 2007

In some cases it is interesting to have inequalities between asymptotic rates. Here, we consider asymptotic rates in the fashion of large deviations. We present inequalities between large deviation rate functions for telegrapher processes in the first part, and inequalities between Lundberg parameters for Markov‐additive processes in the second part. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.