bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION & ANALYSIS OF RISKS WHEN INVESTING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GAS
FIELDS
Authors: Gasumov E.R.
Published: March 2020

The article discusses the possible risks when investing in the development of gas fields, classification (sphere and stage of manifestation, causes of appearance, consequences of manifestation) and the types of risks, features of risks in the implementation of investment projects and their assessment, risk management techniques.
CREATION AN EXPERTS COUNCIL OF YOUTH ON THE DEVELOPMENTS OF THE EAEU
REGULATORY SANDBOX
Authors: Basova Anastasia Gennadievna
Published: March 2020

In the context of digital interaction for developing international cooperation, deepening integration processes and increasing the country's competitiveness the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union approved the main directions of the digital agenda of the union until 2025. Within the framework of this document it was decided to develop the EAEU regulatory sandbox, which will contribute to the emergence of new business models and strengthen cross-border cooperation. The article is devoted to the question of creating an Expert Council of Youth on the development of the EAEU regulatory sandbox
DEVELOPMENT OF THE OPTIMAL STRUCTURE OF INFORMATION RELATIONS BETWEEN
THE UNITS OF THE WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Iskenderov Alesker Alekper oglu , Kerimov Haver Fazil Kyzy
Published: March 2020

The system of information support of the territory water supply facility is considered. The task is to reduce the number and complexity of work on the development of information circulating between management units, by reducing unnecessary and repetitive indicators in the documents. The problem is posed and solved as a linear integer programming problem and solved using the MATLAB methods of mathematical programming.
Development of students’ self-regulation in studying chemistry at school
Authors: Kortunov G. M. , Borunova E. B. , Borovskih T. A.
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the development of students’ self-regulation in learning activities. The authors conducted a deep analysis of foreign and Russian experience on the problem under consideration, clarified the conceptual apparatus, worked out a method for the development of students’ regulatory skills in studying chemistry at school. Didactic conditions for the effective development of student’s regulatory skills are discussed The student’s involvement in the organization of their own learning, including the selection of optimal methods of self-regulation, monitoring and maintaining internal motivation and correction of actions based on feedback, positively affects the students’ mastering of subject chemical material.
The first decades of the soviet school in scientific heritage of Pavel Nikolaevich Milyukov (1859–1943)
Authors: Ovchinnikov Anatoly V.
Published: March 2020

The article shows the main events of public and scientific life of P. N. Milyukov, analyzes his historical concept of the Russian culture development in terms of the historian’s interpretation of the formation and development process of the national educational system in the early years of the Soviet power. It was the education and school, according to the author’s idea, that became the main ideological institutions of the Soviet society of that time. Being in emigration, P. N. Milyukov closely followed the development of culture and education in the USSR, tried to consider numerous events and facts in the context of the national culture history, having revealed their historical conditionality, continuity and discontinuity of the unified domestic education process. Such an approach allowed the author to continue his research of the earlier period and to create an original concept of the national school development. With his conclusions and generalizations, the scientist showed the example of preservation and development of fundamental domestic scientific historical school of the XIX–XX centuries, even with the analysis of the political regime which differed much from traditions of the Russian statehood.
Psychological and pedagogical aspects of retraining people of pre-retirement age
Authors: Sidorchuk T. , Sidorchuk M.
Published: March 2020

The article considers the analysis of the main problems associated with retraining and employment of people of pre-retirement age. The organization of these processes is possible only with the development of a set of educational retraining programs and effective psychological support. Changes in the sphere of employment of older people entail not only the reform of the labor market of young professionals, but also the whole system of geront education, which should include professional, health, cognitive, psychological and personnel components. The author of the article talks about the need for a transitional period for the implementation of the Pension Reform, outlines the main structures requiring a reorientation of their work directions so that Russians, regardless of age, feel “protected” in the labor market.
Problem-oriented propaedeutics of early choice of the future profession
Authors: Antonova M.
Published: March 2020

Each age stage, including primary school age, is important for the formation of certain personal qualities that are significant for the successful choice of a future profession. The purpose of the study is to develop and justify systematic scientific and methodological foundations for organizing the process of preliminary career guidance of the early choice of a future profession that meets the modern requirements of the transition to a post-industrial economy. The research optics in the context of choosing a future profession is shifted to the world and space of primary school age, in contrast to the generally accepted stereotypes of conducting work on vocational guidance with high school students. The works of Russian and foreign scientists aimed at studying the goals, principles, content, forms and methods of career guidance with primary school children are analyzed. In the process of career-oriented propedeutics of primary school children, a specially designed pedagogical technology is proposed, which is based on the methods of problem-based learning, ensuring readiness for professional choice in the conditions of the future.
La conscience historique de jeunes franco-ontariens d’Ottawa : histoire et sentiment d’appartenance
Authors: Lévesque Stéphane , Croteau Jean-Philippe , Gani Raphaël
Published: March 2020

RésuméLes écoles de langue française de l’Ontario inscrivent au cœur de leur projet éducatif la mission de transmettre aux élèves francophones une culture commune et un patrimoine historique et de favoriser leur appartenance à l’identité franco-ontarienne. Cet article vise à vérifier si l’Ontario français constitue un point d’ancrage dans la conscience historique des jeunes francophones et s’ils ont recours au passé pour se forger une identité de citoyen.  Nous avons mené une enquête dans deux écoles secondaires d’Ottawa et dans une classe de didactique de l’histoire à l’Université d’Ottawa, où les élèves et les futurs enseignants devaient indiquer leur degré d’attachement identitaire et rédiger un récit sur l’histoire l’Ontario. Il en résulte qu’une appartenance forte à l’identité franco-ontarienne amène les jeunes à puiser dans le passé de l’Ontario français pour consolider et renforcer cette identité dans leur conscience de citoyen. À l’opposé, une identité canadienne et ontarienne forte se traduit pour les élèves par un récit moins engagé politiquement et plus descriptif centré sur l’histoire de son pays ou de sa province.AbstractA central pillar of French-language schooling in Ontario is the mission to transmit a shared culture and history to Francophone students, and encourage their attachment to Franco-Ontarian identity. This article aims to verify whether French Ontario is an important component of the historical consciousness of young Francophones, and if they turn to the past to forge their identities as citizens. Students in two Ottawa secondary schools and future teachers in a history education class at the University of Ottawa were asked to indicate their degree of attachment to Franco-Ontarian identity and to create an account of Ontario history. We found that a strong sense of belonging as Franco-Ontarians leads young people to look to the past to help them construct and reinforce their identity as citizens. On the other hand, strong Canadian and Ontarian identities are expressed by students in more descriptive—and less politically engaged—accounts of the history of their homeland or province.
Book Reviews / Comptes Rendus
Authors: Ellis Jason
Published: March 2020

Chantal Fiola, Rekindling the Sacred Fire: Métis Ancestry and Anishinaabe Spirituality. Reviewed by Jonathan AnuikPhillip McCann, Island in an Empire: Education, Religion, and Social Life in Newfoundland, 1800–1855. Reviewed by Jerry BannisterGeorge E. Boulter II and Barbara Grigor-Taylor comp., The Teacher and the Superintendent: Native Schooling in the Alaska Interior, 1904 –1918. Reviewed by Sean CarletonCecilia Morgan, Creating Colonial Pasts: History, Memory, and Commemoration in Southern Ontario, 1860 –1980. Reviewed by Ryan EyfordElsie Paul, Paige Raibmon, and Harmony Johnson, Written as I Remember It: Teachings (??ms ta?aw) from the Life of a Sliammon Elder. Reviewed by Alison NormanDavid Fraser, Honorary Protestants: The Jewish School Question in Montreal, 1867–1997. Reviewed by Mary Anne PoutanenAndrew Woolford, This Benevolent Experiment: Indigenous Boarding Schools, Genocide, and Redress in Canada and the United States. Reviewed by Brian RiceLinda M. Ambrose, A Great Rural Sisterhood: Madge Robertson Watt and the ACWW. Reviewed by R. W. SandwellFrançoise F. Laot et Rebecca Rogers (dir.), Les Sciences de l’éducation. Émergence d’un champ de recherche dans l’après-guerre. Reviewed by Normand BaillargeonMartine Ruchat, Édouard Claparède. À quoi sert l’éducation ? Reviewed by Alexandre KleinMathieu Ferrand et Nathaël Istasse (éd.), Nouveaux regards sur les « Apollons de collège ». Figures du professeur humaniste en France dans la première moitié du XVIe siècle. Reviewed by Lyse Roy
Settler Anxiety and State Support for Missionary Schooling in Colonial British Columbia, 1849 –1871
Authors: Carleton Sean
Published: March 2020

Indigenous peoples and settlers engaged in innumerable conflicts in the colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia between 1849 and 1871. The constant threat of violent Indigenous resistance to settler colonization in the Pacific Northwest—both real and imagined—produced feelings of anxiety for settlers, especially state officials, that shaped colonial strategy and statecraft. To buttress colonial security, the nascent state partnered with Christian missionaries in the hope that missionaries could use education to cultivate the goodwill of Indigenous peoples and train them to accept colonization. The state’s support for early missionary schooling in colonial British Columbia is examined in the context of settler anxieties regarding three instances of Indigenous resistance: a Lekwungen convergence at Fort Victoria in 1851, the Puget Sound War of 1855–56, and the 1864 Tsilhqot'in War. In different ways, settler anxiety over these conflicts acted as a catalyst, prodding the state to support missionary schooling as a financially expeditious way of trying to contain Indigenous resistance and safeguard colonial security. RÉSUMÉ Entre 1849 et 1871, les colonies de l’île de Vancouver et de la Colombie-Britannique sont le lieu d’innombrables con its entre les peuples autochtones et les colons. La menace constante — réelle et imaginaire — d’une résistance violente des Autochtones à la colonisation dans le nord-ouest du Pacifique a engendré un sentiment d’anxiété chez les colons, et en particulier chez les fonctionnaires de l’État, ce qui a façonné la stratégie et la gestion coloniale. Afin de renforcer la sécurité coloniale, l’État naissant s’est associé avec les missionnaires chrétiens dans l’espoir qu’ils utilisent l’éducation afin d’assurer la bienveillance des peuples autochtones et de les amener à accepter la colonisation. Cet article examine le soutien apporté par l’État aux premiers efforts d’enseignement missionnaire en Colombie-Britannique coloniale, dans le contexte des inquiétudes des colons par rapport à trois actes de résistance autochtone : un rassemblement Lekwungen au Fort Victoria en 1851, la guerre du Puget Sound de 1855–1856 et la guerre des Tsilhqot'in de 1864. À maints égards, l’inquiétude des colons alimentée par ces conflits a agi comme un catalyseur, poussant l’État à soutenir l’enseignement missionnaire dans l’espoir d’arriver à contenir la résistance autochtone et à assurer la sécurité coloniale à peu de frais.
Borderlands, Primary Sources, and the Longue Durée: Contextualizing Colonial Schooling at Odanak, Lorette, and Kahnawake, 1600–1850
Authors: Peace Thomas
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT The historiographies of Indigenous engagement with colonial-style schools and colleges in New England, New York, and New France have different trajectories. In New England and New York, as colonial settlers expanded onto their lands over the eighteenth century, members of the Mohegan, Narragansett, Pequot, and Kanien'kehá:ka (Mohawk) nations built schools. In New France — where colonial expansion happened much more slowly — historians suggest that interaction with formal schooling stopped as the demographic balance shifted to favour the French settlers occupying Abenaki, Algonquin, Innu, Kanien'kehá:ka, and Wendat lands. By examining the deployment of colonial schooling over an Indigenous landscape during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, this paper makes some tentative arguments about how these divergent historiographies might be stitched together, emphasizing how access to school- ing has been a continuous and central site of contest between Indigenous and colonial societies since the very beginning of the colonization of northeastern North America by England and France. Only in the late eighteenth century—when colonial pressures on land and resources were acutely felt — were these ideas taken up directly within Indigenous communities to such an extent that schools were built and teachers trained. RÉSUMÉ Les historiographies de la relation des Autochtones avec les écoles et collèges coloniaux de la Nouvelle-Angleterre, de New York et de la Nouvelle-France ont emprunté des trajectoires différentes. En Nouvelle-Angleterre et à New York les membres des nations Mohegan, Narragansett, Pequot, et Kanien'kehá:ka (Mohawk) ont construit des écoles au fur et à mesure que les colons empiétaient sur leurs terres au cours du XVIIIe siècle. En Nouvelle-France, où l’expansion coloniale s’est produite beaucoup plus lentement, les historiens suggèrent plutôt que l’interaction avec l’enseignement scolaire s’arrête lorsque l’équilibre démographique bascule en faveur des colons français occupant les territoires des Abénakis, des Algonquins, des Innus, des Kanien'kehá:ka, et des Wendats. En examinant la mise en place de l’école coloniale dans le paysage autochtone au cours des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, cet article propose quelques hypothèses sur la façon dont ces historiographies divergentes pourraient être assemblées, en soulignant comment l’accès à l’enseignement a été un lieu central et continu de contestation entre les sociétés autochtones et coloniales depuis le tout début de la colonisation du nord-est de l’Amérique du Nord par l’Angleterre et la France. C’est seulement vers la fin du XVIIIe siècle — lorsque les pressions coloniales sur le territoire et les ressources ont été vivement ressenties—que ces idées ont été reprises directement par les communautés autochtones, au point que des écoles ont été construites et que des enseignants ont été formés.
From Territory to Human Resources: A History of Colonial Adult Education in the Central Arctic
Authors: McLean Scott
Published: March 2020

This article narrates the history of state-organized adult education in the Central Arctic (Kitikmeot region) from the 1950s through the early 1990s. Prior to 1960, little formal adult education was delivered in the region, as relationships between Inuit and Euro-Canadians centred on the exchange of fox furs for external products. In the 1960s and 1970s, adult programs focused on housing, education, literacy, and home management, teaching groups of Inuit how to live in the permanent settlements that had recently been constructed by the federal government. In the 1980s, adult programs focused on employment preparation and life skills, moulding individual Inuit into employable citizens. This article addresses an important silence in existing scholarship regarding Canadian educational history, and sheds light upon the evolving priorities of Euro-Canadian colonizers in the Arctic; whether for purposes of territorial sovereignty or human resource development, adult education served as an important medium for the communication of colonial messages.RésuméCet article raconte l’histoire de l’éducation aux adultes organisée par l’État dans l’Arctique central (région de Kitikmeot), depuis les années 1950 jusqu’au début des années 1990. Avant 1960, peu de programmes d’éducation aux adultes étaient offerts dans la région, puisque les relations entre Inuits et Euro-Canadiens étaient alors centrées sur l’échange de fourrures de renard contre des produits venant de l’extérieur. Dans les années 1960 et 1970, les programmes pour adultes se sont concentrés sur le logement, l’éducation, l’alphabétisation et l’économie familiale, enseignant aux Inuits comment vivre dans les établissements permanents récemment construits par le gouvernement fédéral. Dans les années 1980, les programmes pour adultes se sont concentrés sur la préparation à l’emploi et les compétences de la vie quotidienne, façonnant les individus Inuits en citoyens aptes à l’emploi. Cet article comble un manque important dans la littérature sur l’histoire de l’éducation canadienne, et met en lumière l’évolution des priorités des colonisateurs Euro-Canadiens dans l’Arctique. Que ce soit à des fins de souveraineté territoriale ou de développement des ressources humaines, l’éducation aux adultes a servi comme un important moyen de communication des messages coloniaux.
Parameter Reduction Method for Pythagorean Fuzzy Soft Sets
Authors: KİRİSCİ Murat
Published: March 2020

The aim of this paper is to give new parameter reduction methods according to Pythagorean fuzzy soft sets. The reason for the definition of these methods is to help decision-makers facilitate their decision-making processes. The algorithm of the first method defined is related to the selection of some parameters. The second method determines the parameters with less deviation than the other parameters. Further, numerical examples related to the new algorithms are examined.
Some Integrals Connected with a New Quadruple Hypergeometric Series
Authors: YOUNİS Jihad , BİN-SAAD Maged
Published: March 2020

Hypergeometric function of four variables was introduced by Bin-Saad and Younis. In the present paper a new integral representations of of Euler-type and Laplace-type involving double and triple hypergeometric series for these functions are derived.
Homotopy Analysis Method for the Time-Fractional Boussinesq Equation
Authors: YANG He
Published: March 2020

In this paper, the exact and approximate analytical solutions to the time-fractional Boussinesq equation are constructed using the homotopy analysis method. Several examples about the fourth-order and sixth-order time-fractional Boussinesq equations show the flexibility and efficiency of the method. Furthermore, by choosing an appropriate value for the auxiliary parameter $h$, we can obtain the $N$-term approximate solution with improved accuracy.
TUBARÕES E RAIAS COMO CAPTURA INCIDENTAL NA PESCA ARTESANAL DO LITORAL DO PARANÁ: CONDIÇÃO REPRODUTIVA E VARIAÇÕES SAZONAIS EM COMPOSIÇÃO E ABUNDÂNCIA
Authors: Chaves Paulo de Tarso da Cunha , Almeida Maurício Pinto de , Platner Matheus
Published: March 2020

Monitoraram-se os desembarques de elasmobrânquios no litoral do Paraná nos anos 2009 e 2010. Descrevem-se atributos de frota e petrechos empregados. As espécies foram caracterizadas quanto ao tamanho dos indivíduos e à condição reprodutiva. Acessaram-se 4.941 indivíduos, 51% tubarões e 49% raias. Foram desembarcados inteiros 82% dos indivíduos, 3,68 t de tubarões e 2,35 t de raias. Identificaram-se 14 espécies de tubarões, peso médio de 1,46 kg (0,067-16,0 kg; DP = 3,83), predominando em número Rhizoprionodon lalandii e Sphyrna zygaena. Os tubarões foram mais capturados na primavera/verão, com maior frequência de neonatos ou imaturos. Registraram-se 12 espécies de raias, peso médio de 0,971 kg (0,394-10,0 kg; DP = 2,80), predominando em número Zapteryx brevirostris e Pseudobatos percellens. As raias foram mais capturadas no outono, em pescarias dirigidas a camarões e pequenos teleósteos, com maior frequência de imaturas ou maduras. Onze das 26 espécies são classificadas como vulneráveis, em perigo ou criticamente ameaçadas. Para fins de conservação, recomendam-se ações educativas pró-descarte de: animais vivos – neonatos em geral, Narcine brasiliensis no arrasto camaroeiro, e jovens e adultos de espécies com captura proibida; e priorização à proteção de Carcharias taurus, P. percellens acompanhante da pesca de linguado, e jovens de Squatina sp., cujos adultos são alvo em redes de emalhe.
Palavras-chave: reprodução, neonatos, arrasto, captura incidental, Rhizoprionodon lalandii, Sphyrna zygaena, Zapteryx brevirostris.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA ICTIOFAUNA E DA PESCA ARTESANAL NA PRAIA DO IGUAPE, AQUIRAZ - CEARÁ
Authors: Apoliano Marcos Luiz da Silva , Soares Filho Aldeney Andrade , Asano Gabriel de Lima
Published: March 2020

Localizado a 48 km da cidade de Fortaleza, o distrito de Iguape possui uma pequena praia frequentada por moradores da região, sendo reduto de pescadores que trabalham de forma artesanal e tiram da pesca o seu sustento. Visto a importância que essa atividade econômica tem para a população local, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi caracterizar a pesca artesanal, analisar a biodiversidade da ictiofauna e saber quais aquelas que são de importância econômica para a comunidade. Os resultados mostraram que são utilizadas embarcações do tipo jangadas e paquetes a vela e botes a remo em pescarias de “ir e vir” e de “dormir”. As pescarias são realizadas com linha de mão, tarrafas e redes de espera. Foram capturados 2.655 espécimens, inseridos em duas classes, sete ordens, 18 famílias e 32 espécies, revelando uma elevada diversidade e riqueza de espécies, com destaque para Harengula clupeola, Opisthonema oglinum, Haemulon parra e Haemulon plumierii, que contribuem acentuadamente para a renda da comunidade pesqueira.Palavras-chave: atividade econômica, peixe marinho, embarcações.
PESCA FANTASMA: UMA SÍNTESE DAS CAUSAS E CONSEQUÊNCIAS NOS ÚLTIMOS 15 ANOS
Authors: Silva Lima Marianny Kellen , Mires de Freitas Robério , Fonteles de Vasconcelos Filho José Ivan , Vieira Feitosa Caroline
Published: March 2020

Os ecossistemas marinhos vêm sofrendo com a pressão da atividade pesqueira ao longo dos anos. Essa intensa exploração dos recursos pesqueiros colapsados traz consigo impactos diretos e indiretos. Um dos principais impactos indiretos é o gerado pelos petrechos de pesca abandonados, perdidos ou descartados. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento bibliográfico das principais causas e consequências descritas pela literatura relacionadas à pesca fantasma. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura de manuscritos publicados sobre “pesca fantasma” nos últimos 15 anos em todo o mundo. A busca foi realizada através das bases de dados Science Direct, Periódicos Capes/MEC e da ferramenta de busca Google Scholar. As redes de emalhar foram os principais petrechos de pesca perdidos ou abandonados citados pelos estudos analisados. As medidas mitigadoras mais comuns encontradas foram a necessidade de adaptação dos petrechos utilizados, como na utilização de espaços de escape, assim como o uso de materiais biodegradáveis para fabricação desses equipamentos. Existe a necessidade de se realizar mais estudos relacionados a essa temática, dados a importância e o grau de degradação que a pesca fantasma causa.Palavras-chave: peixes, petrechos de pesca, impactos ambientais.
A A PESCA DE LAGOSTAS NA PLATAFORMA CONTINENTAL AMAZÔNICA
Authors: Cintra Israel Hidenburgo Aniceto , Santos Francisco , Silva Kátia , Bentes Bianca , Pereira Maria Eduarda , Klautau Alex
Published: March 2020

A exploração de lagostas no Brasil, desde a década de 1960, destaca-se como um dos principais itens da balança comercial. O estudo descreve a pesca de lagostas realizada na Plataforma Continental Amazônica. Os dados foram coletados no período de agosto de 2014 a novembro de 2015. Na costa norte do Brasil, apenas embarcações artesanais atuam na pesca e utilizam a caçoeira como apetrecho. As embarcações são denominadas de “universais”, pois também atuam em outras pescarias. Observou-se a ocorrência de três espécies de lagostas com importância comercial: Panulirus meripurpuratus (Giraldes & Smyth, 2016), Parribacus antarcticus (Lund, 1793) e Scyllarides delfosi (Holthuis, 1960). Na rotina de bordo, ficaram nítidos a falta de higienização das estruturas e o inadequado manuseio durante as pescarias. Quanto aos aspectos legais, observa-se um cenário preocupante, despontando, entre vários fatores, o número de embarcações, a permissão de pesca e o uso de apetrecho de pesca ilegal. A área de atuação da frota está se deslocando para o norte, sendo, possivelmente, motivada pela busca de novos locais de pesca e pela rivalidade entre as frotas lagosteira e pargueira que compartilham a mesma área de pesca. Palavras-chave: costa norte, pesca artesanal, biodiversidade.
“LOOKING FOR A HOME”: THE ECOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE CHITONS Ischnochiton striolatus (GRAY, 1828) AND OTHER MOLLUSCS SPECIES
Authors: Lopes Beatriz , Da Silva Ellano José , Xavier Martins Inês
Published: March 2020

The present note reports, for the first time, species of Polyplacophora found as inquilines in the gastropod Tubinella laevigata as well as documenting the same relationship with other species of mollusks in the Brazilian coast.Keywords: Tubinella laevigata, inquilinism, Polyplacophora.
WHICH MOON PHASE DO WE FIND MORE GHOSTS? EFFECTS OF THE LUNAR CYCLE ON THE GHOST CRAB Ocypode quadrata (FABRICIUS, 1787)
Authors: Oliveira Fortaleza Matheus , Maria Lemos Girão Magalline , Franklin Junior Wilson , Pinto de Lima Jadson , De Almeida Rocha-Barreira Cristina
Published: March 2020

The ghost crab Ocypode quadrata is commonly found in the middle and supralittoral areas of sandy beaches along the Brazilian coast. It is a known and important species in the ecology of beaches, which inhabit semi-permanent burrows excavated, maintained, and protected by them. This study evaluated the density and diameter of O. quadrata burrows, considering three lunar cycles in a Conservation Unit on the coast of Ceará state, Northeastern Brazil. Quarterly samplings were performed between 2014 and 2015 during the early morning in the four phases of the moon over three lunar cycles. The tidal range (high tide and low tide) and nocturnal luminosity were used to evaluate the effects of the lunar phases on crab behavior. The lunar cycles influence the activity of the O. quadrata, varying the density, diameter, and distribution of the burrows along the beach, due to changes in the tide conditions and nocturnal luminosity. The construction of burrows by the crabs was higher in the moons that provided more bright nights.Keywords: ghost crab, burrows, Canto Verde beach, phases of the moon.
ALMOST e - QUASISOLUTIONS OF A NONCONVEX PROGRAMMING PROBLEM WITH AN INFINITE NUMBER OF CONSTRAINTS
Authors: Tran Thach Van , Ta Son Quang
Published: March 2020

Under a generalized Karush – Kuhn – Tucker condition up to e, we establish some sufficient optimality conditions for almost e- quasisolutions of a nonconvex programming problem which has an infinite number of constraints. Some results on -weak duality in Mond-Weir type for the problem are also introduced
STUDY STIMULATED ANTIVIRUS ACTIVITY IN PIPER NIGRUM CULTURE IN VITRO BY GLYCOPROTEIN FROM BOERHAVIA DIFFUSA
Authors: Bui Thach Dinh , Vu Do Van , Trinh Duc Ngoc , Ngo Suong Ke
Published: March 2020

We have studied the stimulated antivirus activity in plants by glycoprotein from Boerhavia diffusa in order to using this raw material to stimulate antivirus ability and to reduce using chemical compounds for plants. Results showed that Boerhavia diffusa have glycoprotein with 30.200 Da molecular weight, content 1 mg/100g dried weight; in vitro condition, glycoprotein 40 g/100 ml stimulated antivirus ability (CMV and TMV) in Piper nigrum.
ROLE OF VITAMIN C IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Mittal Dr. Ricky , Yadav Mr. Kedar Prasad
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTION:  Diabetes Mellitus is influenced by genetic and environmental factors and it is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, altered insulin secretion, and insulin resistance. Vitamin C is an essential micronutrient with potent antioxidant properties and it can protect important biomolecules from oxidation by participating in oxidation-reduction reactions and it is readily oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid, which in turn is reduced back to ascorbate. In T2DM patients Vitamin C levels are usually low as blood glucose may compete with vitamin C for uptake into cells due to its structural similarity to the oxidised form, and increased oxidative stress may deplete antioxidant stores.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a prospective, double-blinded, 12-week study. A total of 100 T2DM patients were included in the study and were divided randomly in to 2 groups of 50 each (study group and placebo group). Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was determined in EDTA blood by standard methods. Fasting glucose was measured in blood collected in fluoride oxalate tubes. The vitamin C concentration of the processed samples was determined. Drug (Vitamin C and Placebo) was issued to patients for duration of thirty days at a time. Patients were asked to bring the unused drugs and container during the follow-up. All patients were maintained on their usual dietary pattern while limiting their consumption of vitamin C-rich foods throughout the study.

RESULTS: Mean age in Vitamin C group was 44.23 ± 6.58 while in placebo group was 43.75 ± 5.54. There were 31 male and 19 female in Vitamin C group. In Placebo group male and female were 30 and 20respectively. No statistical significance was observed in both the group. At 12 weeks fasting blood sugar levels were decreased by -21.45 ± 3.78 in patients receiving Vitamin C while in placebo group reduction was -6.41± 2.87. Post meal blood sugar was reduced by -22.77 ± 2.45 in vitamin C group while in placebo it was -7.44± 3.78.

CONCLUSION: Supplementation of Vitamin C to T2DM patients can effectively reduce the blood glucose levels and HbA1C levels and regular assessment of Vitamin C levels are necessary in T2DM patients.
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE PATTERN OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF NECK INJURIES IN CASES UNDERGONE AUTOPSY
Authors: Gawande Dr. N. B. , Tank Dr. Ashok
Published: March 2020

It is learnt from literature that neck injuries are encountered with different manner (suicide, homicide, accident). Sometimes homicidal neck injuries are pleaded or disguised as suicide e.g. murdered victims placed on railway track and even accidental neck injuries are disguised as homicidal to bring false charge of offence on enemies. Meticulous examination of neck injuries can give clues to settle these challenges (Suicidal, homicidal or accidental). Over all, suicide is the major cause of neck injury because of social, economic, work pressure, love failure; failure in exams, unemployment, marital disharmony and depression etc. Accidental deaths are an unplanned event occurring suddenly unexpectedly as unforeseen circumstance. The exponentially increasing number of automobile vehicles, poor adherence to traffic rules and regulations, abuse of alcohol and drug are the cause of accidents. Accidents tragically are not often due to ignorance, but are also due to carelessness, thoughtlessness and due to over confidence. Incidence of road traffic accidents has been increasing at the alarming rate throughout the world. Hence based on these reported data the present study was planned for the clinical evaluation of the pattern of different types of neck injuries in cases undergone autopsy.

The present study was planned in Department of Forensic Medicine, Dr. Panjabrao Alias Bhausaheb Deshmukh Memorial Medical College, Shivaji Nagar, Amravati. Total 50 cases of the neck injuries undergone autopsy were evaluated in the present study.

The data generated from the present study concludes that Neck injuries constitute a potential factor in increasing the amount of morbidity and mortality; therefore proper attention should be paid towards their accurate diagnosis and satisfactory management. Death in young due to neck injuries causes heavy loss of valuable work force and human resources.

Keywords: Manner, Agents and Cause of death, Neck, etc.
SUCCESSFUL STENTING OF ECTATIC CORONARY ARTERY WITH TWO DRUG ELUTING STENTS IN A PATIENT WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Authors: Dash Dr. S K Narayan , Bhaskar Dr. R V Vijay
Published: March 2020

Coronary artery ectasia is characterized by enlargement of the coronary artery 1.5 times or more than the normal artery. It can be found in 3-8% of persons undergoing coronary angiography and 1-2% of autopsy cases1.  Coronary artery ectasia patients could be asymptomatic but some patients may present with exertional chest pain, acute coronary syndrome or sudden cardiac death2. Currently there is no clear cut guideline to treat stenotic coronary artery ectasia because of various sizes and types of coronary artery ectasia. Herein we report a 66 year old female presented with persistent chest pain, ECG showing ST coving and deep T wave inversions in V1-V6. Coronary angiography showed ectactic proximal segment followed by tight stenosis of mid segment of left anterior descending coronary artery. She was successfully treated with balloon angioplasty with 2 drug eluting stents with good results.

Key words: Ectatic coronary artery, acute coronary syndrome, Balloon angioplasty
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN YOUNG ADULTS: ITS, CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND RISK FACTORS.
Authors: Teltumbadr Dr. Umesh
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTION:  Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the Western countries. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in young is relatively uncommon but it is of great concern for the physician as these patients present with the different clinical presentation, risk factors and better prognosis than the older patients. In younger patients and the first onset of angina which rapidly progresses to fully evolved MI is often the case in patients less than 45 years of age. In a young patient presenting with MI care full history should be taken and risk factors such as smoking, obesity, diabetes and history of recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis should also be noted. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 34 patients of age >18 years and <45 years were included in the study who presented with the acute myocardial infarction. Informed consent was obtained from all the patients who were included in the study. Clinical presentation and risk factors were recorded in the prescribed format. Anthropometric and clinical examination was carried out for each patient. Body weight and height were measured and Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using Quetlet’s formula as weight in kg/square of the height in meters. RESULTS: Mean age of the patients presenting with acute MI was 32± 6.21years. The youngest patient was 27 years old while the most common age group was 35-40 with 17(50%) patients. Out of 34 patients 33 (97.05%) were male while only 1 (2.95%) was female. Maximum patients were from urban area 22 (64.70%) while 12 (35.29%) were from the rural area. Smoking and physical inactivity was the most common associated risk factor in MI patients 29(85.29%). All smokers were male. Second most common risk factor was obesity and stressful life 18(52.94%) followed Hypertension in 13(38.24%) cases. In 12(35.29%) cases diabetes was associated as a risk factor. Family history of premature CAD, and dyslipidemia was seen in 11(32.35%) and 8(23.53%) cases respectively. CONCLUSION: Smoking, Physical inactivity, family history of premature CAD, and obesity were the most common risk factors. Early stabilisation in golden hour should be followed by risk stratification, and early revascularisation.
PHENOTYPIC FREQUENCIES OF ABO AND RH(D) BLOOD GROUPS AMONGST HEALTHY BLOOD DONORS IN BIKANER, RAJASTHAN
Authors: Mehra Mamta
Published: March 2020

Background & Objective: Practically, most important blood groups are A, B, O, AB and RhD(+/-), which are essential for right blood supply to the recipients and in various studies. The incidence of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) groups varies markedly in different parts of the world and in different races. The present study was aimed at determining the prevalence of ABO & RhD blood groups among healthy blood donors in Western Rajasthan.

Material and Methods: At our centre, all the healthy blood donors were assessed and analyzed for ABO-Rh blood grouping during a period of previous 4 years (from January, 2015 to December, 2018). 119200 samples were checked for ABO and RhD blood grouping by manual saline antigen-antibody agglutination method using commercially prepared antisera antiA, antiB, antiAB, antiD, in house prepared reagent cells Acell, Bcell, Ocell and negative control. The results were reconfirmed on fully automated immunohematology analyzer (Galileo Neo, USA) with direct hemagglutination micro-well plates using antiA, antiB, antiD series-5, antiD Novaclone, Monoclonal control, Acell, Bcell and Ocell provided by the manufacturer. Discrepant samples were cross checked separately by column agglutination technique using DG Gel ABO/Rh-2D cards (Diagnostic Grifols S.A.) and tube technique.

Results: We found that the most common blood group was B+ 39758 (33.35%) followed by O+, A+, AB+, B-, O-, A- and AB-. RhD negative donors were 10504 (8.81%) among the total donors. Phenotypic frequencies were expressed under the standard assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Conclusion: Present study concludes that the most common ABO phenotype found among healthy blood donors in Western Rajasthan (India) is group B with RhD negativity being 8.81%. Larger studies should be conducted to calculate antigenic, phenotypic and allelic frequencies in general population.

Keywords: ABO-RhD blood group, Phenotype, Allele, Blood donors, hemagglutination.
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF DIFFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING OF BREAST MASSES IN FEMALE PATIENTS FROM BIHAR REGION
Authors: Nayak Dr. Pradeep Kumar , Kumar Dr. Ajit
Published: March 2020

Breast masses range from benign to malignant with varied etiologies. Fibroadenoma the Commonest benign and invasive ductal carcinomas are the commonest malignant lesions. Breast carcinoma is the most common and the second leading cause of deaths in women. It is present fully accepted that breast magnetic resonance is amongst the most sensitive diagnostic imaging techniques for breast lesions. DWI-MR (diffusion weighted magnetic resonance) provides new and different information about the biophysical properties of tissue. The consequent reduction of macroscopic motion effect makes possible the use of DWI in detection and characterization in breast MRI imaging. These facts and figures defines the need for early detection and treatment of breast for favourable prognosis. DWI has sufficient capacity to diagnose invasive, non-invasive breast lesions and has the ability to provide steady, high-resolution tissue images and there is a need to apply DWI to clinical practice while taking advantage of this high contrast resolution. Diffusion weighted Imaging is a potential resource as an adjuvant to breast MRI to differentiate benign from malignant lesions. Such sequence can be easily added to the standard breast magnetic resonance protocol.

The present study was planned in Department of Radio- Diagnosis, Katihar Medical College and Hospital, Katihar, Bihar, India. Total 20 cases of the breast lesions refereed to our hospital were evaluated in the present study. Those patients who had come for breast MRI examinations and were detected to have lesions greater than 1 cm in size were included in the study and DWI was performed after obtaining prior consent. Patients who were referred for mammography and sonomammography and who were detected to have solid lesions greater than 1 cm were also included in this study after obtaining prior consent; diffusion-weighted sequences were performed for these patients only to characterize the lesions detected on mammography and sonomammography.

The data generated from the present study concludes that DWI for breast lesions can differentiate benign from malignant lesions with a high sensitivity and specificity. The usefulness of this technique needs to be further evaluated with larger double-blind studies.

Keywords: Diffusion Weighted Imaging, DWI, Breast Masses, etc.
ESTIMATION OF TIME SINCE DEATH BY HISTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF COLLECTING TUBULES IN HUMAN KIDNEY.
Authors: Thakur Rajni , Sonakke Vishakha , Gautam Deepti
Published: March 2020

Background: The current research histological changes in the Collecting tubules were examined at various postmortem intervals in the deceased human. In these research histological changes of tissue after death is influenced by P.M.I. atmospheric temperature and humidity, external and internal factors.

Aim: To study the time since death by post mortem histological changes of collecting tubules in human Kidney.

Materials and Methods: Present research was carried out, 40 cases of deceased kidney sample in between the temperature 17.3/22.3-31.3/450C,humidity 11/36 to 75/95 and duration range 4hrs to 52.30hr. The collecting tubules were examined to establish their correlation ship with hours PMI., temperatures, humidity or time since death by studied histological (H& E, PAS staining) in Pt.J.N.M.Medical College and Dr. B.R.Ambedkar Memorial Hospital Raipur (C.G.).

Result: In collecting tubules (CT) after 4hrs PMI (27.5/42.20C T) disruption of epithelium was observed in most of the place. while after 46hrs PMI( 24.3/25.90C,T) disruption of epithelium, debris in the lumen with enucleated epithelial cells  and pyknotic nuclei were seen, after 52.30hrs PMI(24.5/320C,T) disruption of epithelium, individualization of cells, debris in the lumen with pyknotic changes and enucleated cells were seen,

Conclusion: Retraction of epithelium, disruption with individualization of cells, nuclear pyknosis, karyolysis and loss of tubular architecture with debris in the lumen were observed in collecting tubules. These criteria’s presented in this study could be used to determine the time after death.

Keywords: Collecting tubules, P.M.I. (Post mortem interval), Medullary rays, Interstitium, Enucleated and Debris.
ASSESSMENT OF LEPTIN CONCENTRATION IN GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID (GCF) DURING ORTHODONTIC TOOTH MOVEMENT
Authors: Jain Dr. Samir , Sinha Dr. Abhishek , Rai Dr. Anurag , Jain Dr. Sapna
Published: March 2020

The numbers of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment have increased spectacularly from past several decades. During orthodontic tooth movement the early response of periodontal tissues to mechanical stress is an acute inflammatory reaction. Mechanical stress from orthodontic appliances is believed to induce cells in the periodontal ligament (PDL) to form biologically active substances, such as enzymes and cytokines, responsible for connective tissue remodeling. Biochemical analysis of the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) has provided a non-invasive model for investigating the cellular response of the underlying PDL during orthodontic tooth movement in vivo. In GCF, several substances such as interleukin, tumor necrosis factor, leptin, osteoprotegerin and alkaline phosphatase have been found to be significantly elevated in teeth under orthodontic forces compared with untreated control teeth. [14] Hence due to the above relevance the present study was planned for Assessment of Leptin Concentration in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) during Orthodontic Tooth Movement.

The present study was planned in Department of Private Practioner, Swastik Dental Clinic and Orthodontic Centre Gaya. Total 10 cases of orthodontic of age 13 – 15 years were evaluated in the present study. For each subject, a maxillary cuspid undergoing distal orthodontic tooth movement was used as an experimental tooth, and the contralateral cuspids served as control tooth. Orthodontic brackets were placed on the canines. Experimental canines were moved in the distal direction through an archwire by use of an elastic chain exerting an initial force of 250 g. The amount of tooth movement for each tooth was measured with digimaticcalipers. At the distal aspect of experimental and control teeth, GCF was collected for subsequent analysis and the following examinations of the periodontium were conducted: Probing depth, presence or absence of plaque, and bleeding on probing. The collection and examinations were conducted immediately before activation and at 1 hr, 1 day, and 7days after the initiation of tooth movement.

The data generated from the present study concludes that concentration of leptin in the GCF is decreased by orthodontic tooth movement. Leptin may be one of the mediators associated with orthodontic tooth movement. Orthodontic tooth movement can be carried out without any significant destructive changes in investing tissues of the teeth provided oral hygiene is properly maintained.

Keywords: Leptin Gingival crevicular fluid, GCF, orthodontic, etc.