bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engineering of the start condensation domain with improved N‐decanoyl catalytic activity for daptomycin biosynthesis
Authors: Fan Wenjie , Hu Lyubin , Yang Yu , Liu Panpan , Feng Yan , Gu Ruo‐Xu , Liu Qian
Published: June 2024

Daptomycin, a lipopeptide comprising an N‐decanoyl fatty acyl chain and a peptide core, is used clinically as an antimicrobial agent. The start condensation domain (dptC1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the lipoinitiation step of the daptomycin synthesis. In this study, we integrated enzymology, protein engineering, and computer simulation to study the substrate selectivity of the start condensation domain (dptC1) and to screen mutants with improved activity for decanoyl loading. Through molecular docking and computer simulation, the fatty acyl substrate channel and the protein–protein interaction interface of dptC1 are analyzed. Key residues at the protein–protein interface between dptC1 and the acyl carrier were mutated, and a single‐point mutant showed more than three‐folds improved catalytic efficiency of the target n‐decanoyl substrate in comparing with the wild type. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations suggested that mutants with increased catalytic activity may correlated with a more “open” and contracted substrate binding channel. Our work provides a new perspective for the elucidation of lipopeptide natural products biosynthesis, and also provides new resources to enrich its diversity and optimize the production of important components.
Bioeconomic innovations breeding more sustainable innovations: A value chain perspective from Argentina
Authors: Dürr Jochen , Sili Marcelo , Mac Clay Pablo , Sellare Jorge
Published: June 2024

Innovations are crucial for the transition to a sustainable bioeconomy. They are embedded in and linked to complex value chains, but these interrelationships have not received much attention in the empirical literature yet. Using current typologies of four bioeconomic innovation types and six value chain models, this case study analyzes detailed data from 11 companies in Argentina to identify the drivers of sustainable innovations, their linkage to different value chain characteristics, and the main innovation types. The results show that certain factors such as supply and demand, interindustry cooperation and R&D, diversification strategies, personal values and the search for sustainable solutions particularly shape certain types of innovation. The structure and governance of the value chains influence the type of sustainable innovation. Innovations take place at different levels, and in succession, they complement each other and can thus make the bioeconomy more sustainable. Therefore, appropriate policies to promote the bioeconomy in Argentina and beyond should consider the type of value chains and specific innovation systems involved.
Mechanisms of cerebrospinal fluid secretion by the choroid plexus epithelium: Application to various intracranial pathologies
Authors: Johnsen Laura Øllegaard , Friis Kathrine Abildskov , Møller‐Madsen Maria Kirstine , Damkier Helle Hasager
Published: June 2024

The choroid plexus (CP) is a small yet highly active epithelial tissue located in the ventricles of the brain. It secretes most of the CSF that envelops the brain and spinal cord. The epithelial cells of the CP have a high fluid secretion rate and differ from many other secretory epithelia in the organization of several key ion transporters. One striking difference is the luminal location of, for example, the vital Na+‐K+‐ATPase. In recent years, there has been a renewed focus on the role of ion transporters in CP secretion. Several studies have indicated that increased membrane transport activity is implicated in disorders such as hydrocephalus, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and posthemorrhagic sequelae. The importance of the CP membrane transporters in regulating the composition of the CSF has also been a focus in research in recent years, particularly as a regulator of breathing and hemodynamic parameters such as blood pressure. This review focuses on the role of the fundamental ion transporters involved in CSF secretion and its ion composition. It gives a brief overview of the established factors and controversies concerning ion transporters, and finally discusses future perspectives related to the role of these transporters in the CP epithelium.
p‐Coumaric acid pronounced protective effect against potassium bromate‐induced hepatic damage in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Nivetha Selvaraj , Asha Kumaraswami Radha Thayammal , Srinivasan Subramani , Murali Raju , Kanagalakshmi Ambothi
Published: June 2024

Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is a common dietary additive, pharmaceutical ingredient, and significant by‐product of water disinfection. p‐coumaric acid (PCA) is a naturally occurring nutritional polyphenolic molecule with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The goal of the current investigation was to examine the protective effects of p‐coumaric acid against the liver damage caused by KBrO3. The five groups of animals‐control, KBrO3 (100 mg/kg bw), treatment with KBrO3 along with Silymarin (100 mg/kg bw), KBrO3, followed by PCA (100 mg/bw, and 200 mg/kg bw) were randomly assigned to the animals. Mice were slaughtered, and blood and liver tissues were taken for assessment of the serum biochemical analysis for markers of liver function (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and protein), lipid markers and antioxidant markers (TBARS), glutathione peroxidase [GSH‐Px], glutathione (GSH), and markers of hepatic oxidative stress (CAT), (SOD), as well as histological H&E stain, immunohistochemical stain iNOS, and COX‐2 as markers of inflammatory cytokines. PCA protects against acute liver failure by preventing the augmentation of blood biochemical markers and lipid profiles. In mice liver tissues, KBrO3 increases lipid indicators and depletes antioxidants, leading to an increase in JNK, ERK, and p38 phosphorylation. Additionally, PCA inhibited the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and reduced the histological alterations in KBrO3‐induced hepatotoxicity. Notably, PCA effectively mitigated KBrO3‐induced hepatic damage by obstructing the TNF‐α/NF‐kB‐mediated inflammatory process signaling system. Additionally, in KBrO3‐induced mice, PCA increased the intensities of hepatic glutathione (GSH), SOD, GSH‐Px, catalase, and GSH activities. Collectively, we demonstrate the molecular evidence that PCA eliminated cellular inflammatory conditions, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and the TNF‐α/NF‐κB signaling process, thereby preventing KBrO3‐induced hepatocyte damage.
Impact of Li Ion Transport Properties on Reversibility of Li Metal Electrode in Glyme‐Based Electrolytes
Authors: Murai Junichi , Ishikawa Toru , Wada Gakuto , Dokko Kaoru , Watanabe Masayoshi , Ueno Kazuhide
Published: June 2024

The demand for innovative batteries with high specific energy densities has increased. Li‐metal batteries employing Li‐metal anodes, regarded as the ultimate anodes with a high theoretical capacity, have been extensively studied over the past few decades. However, the poor reversibility and safety concerns regarding Li‐metal anodes remain unresolved. The importance of the electrode/electrolyte interface, especially the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), for achieving reversibility of Li metal anodes has been extensively studied. Herein, we focused on the impact of the Li ion transport properties in oligoether (glyme)‐based electrolytes on the deposition/dissolution efficiency of Li metal anodes. Analysis of the low‐frequency impedance spectra of Li‐plated Cu/Li cells revealed that the diffusion resistance of Li ions (Rdiffusion) may be a dominant contributor to the internal resistance of the cells employing glyme‐based electrolytes. A higher Rdiffusion in poor‐mass‐transport electrolytes with a lower Li ion transference number resulted in larger polarization during Li deposition/dissolution, leading to more pronounced unfavorable side reactions and lower Coulombic efficiency. Rdiffusion rather than interfacial resistance affected the reversibility of the Li metal anode. Enhancing the Li ion mass transport ability of electrolytes is important for achieving highly reversible charge‐discharge performance of Li metal anodes at high current densities.
Electrochemical Behaviour and Sensing of Chlorpromazine at Polymer‐Free Kaolin‐Based Nanosodalite and Nanosodalite‐Graphene Foam Film modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Parfait Tchoumi Firmin , Ghislain Fotsop Cyrille , Bertrand Tamne Guy , Langmi Henrietta W. , Claude Kemmegne‐Mbouguen Justin , Ngameni Emmanuel
Published: June 2024

A nanosodalite (SOD) was synthesized utilizing Cameroonian kaolin and then used to prepare a nanocomposite (SOD‐GF) with graphene foam (GF). The as‐synthesized materials were characterized using X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform‐infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, N2 adsorption‐desorption and scanning electron microscopy coupled with emission dispersive X‐ray (SEM/EDX). The results show a pure sodalite with high degree of crystallinity with crystallite size and BET surface area of 38.3 nm and 22 m2/g, respectively. The composite's characterization revealed a well‐integrated material in which the structural integrity of each material is maintained, its surface area being 4‐fold that of pristine SOD. Stable SOD and SOD‐GF modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) were prepared by drop coating without a binder and utilized to study the electrochemistry of chlorpromazine (CPZ) in acidic, neutral and basic pHs. It appeared that (i) CPZ's electrochemical oxidation was a two‐step one‐electron process at SOD/GCE and a one‐step two‐electron process at SOD‐GF/GCE and (ii) the electrochemical reaction mechanism was an EEC mechanism at SOD/GCE while at SOD‐GF/GCE the mechanism was EEC at pH<4 and EC for greater pH. SOD/GCE and SOD‐GF/GCE were used to sense CPZ within CPZ's concentration ranging from 0.5‐30 μM with low detection limits.
Enhancing Electrochemical Characteristics of Li‐Metal Electrodes: The Impact of Pre‐Treatment via CO2 Gas Reaction
Authors: Kim Yeji , Maldonado Nogales Paul , Lee Changhee , Jeong Soon‐Ki
Published: June 2024

Regulation of the surface film characteristics of Li‐metal is a pivotal strategy for augmenting the electrochemical performance of Li‐metal batteries. This investigation elucidates a straightforward approach to surface film modification, namely, pre‐treatment via a CO2 gas reaction, and its subsequent impact on the electrochemical attributes of Li‐metal electrodes. Analysis of the topography and composition of the Li metal surfaces revealed the transformation of the surface film into a more uniform layer enriched with inorganic compounds, including Li2CO3 and Li2O, by pre‐treatment. This pre‐treatment process significantly enhances the electrochemical properties, such as cyclability and overpotential, in Li/Li symmetric cells, primarily because of the formation of an improved solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) derived from the altered surface film on Li metal electrodes. The reformed SEI significantly increases the mobility of Li ions through the interphase, thereby attenuating the impedance associated with Li‐ion migration within the SEI. This resistance attenuation is instrumental in alleviating the overpotentials, thereby significantly refining the electrochemical plating and stripping dynamics of Li metal electrodes.
Defining cornfield edge effect due to field microclimates
Authors: Licht Mark A. , White Tyler R.
Published: June 2024

Plain Language Summary

As profit margins become increasingly smaller for Midwest farmers, it is crucial to understand how a crop reacts to weather‐related stress. Cornfield edge effect is a new phenomenon Iowa farmers are experiencing where grain yield is lower at the field edge and progressively improves towards the field interior. Our objective was to verify if cornfield edge effect is occurring in Iowa along southern or western field edges when soybean is the adjacent field. And, if an edge effect is observed, determining the timing of the effect through the analysis of grain yield components. Field data collection was conducted in two regions of Iowa in 2019 and 2020 with observations at four distances from the field edge to interior. A field edge effect was detected in three of seven locations. We believe cornfield edge effect is occurring and that often it is a result of lower kernel numbers per ear and/or kernel weight.
The Electro‐Fenton Reaction in Chemistry Class
Authors: Lanfermann Philipp , Weidmann Christoph , Waitz Thomas
Published: June 2024

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Elektro‐Fenton‐Reaktion als nachhaltige Methode zur Beseitigung persistenter organischer Stoffe in Abwässern modellhaft nachvollzogen. Die Elektro‐Fenton‐Reaktion kombiniert dabei die elektrosynthetische Darstellung von Wasserstoffperoxid mit der Bildung hochreaktiver Hydroxyl‐ und Peroxyl‐Radikale, die organische Schadstoffe oxidativ mineralisieren können. Die am Abbau beteiligten Spezies und Reaktionen können durch den vorgeschlagenen experimentellen Unterrichtsgang anschaulich erarbeitet werden, wobei insbesondere Grundlagen der Elektrochemie, Katalyse und die Reaktivität von Radikalen als wichtige curricular angebundene Aspekte thematisiert werden.
Sphaeropsidin A C15–C16 Cross‐Metathesis Analogues with Potent Anticancer Activity
Authors: Wagh Sachin B. , Berthold Dino , Majeed Iram , Lewis L. Kevin , Schilter David , Mertens Birgit , Evidente Antonio , van Otterlo Willem A. L. , Mathieu Véronique , Kornienko Alexander
Published: June 2024

We recently discovered that sphaeropsidin A (SphA), a fungal metabolite from Diplodia cupressi, overcomes apoptosis resistance in cancer cells by inducing cellular shrinkage by impairing regulatory volume increase. Previously, we prepared a pyrene‐conjugated derivative of SphA by a cross‐metathesis reaction involving the phytotoxin's C15,C16‐alkene. This derivative's evaluation in a cancer cell panel revealed a significant increase in potency, with the IC50 values 5–10× lower than those displayed by the original natural product. Herein, we describe the preparation and anticancer evaluation of fifteen novel C15,C16‐alkene cross‐metathesis analogues in which the pyrene moiety was replaced with other aromatic or non‐aromatic hydrophobic groups. The idea for this replacement was to prepare a family of compounds that would not be predicted to be mutagenic compared with the original pyrene analogue. We predict several of our new compounds to be non‐mutagenic, while retaining the high potency of the original pyrene‐containing analogues. Examples of these potential lead compounds included those containing pentamethylphenyl and triphenylethylene pendant groups. As an additional feature of the current investigation, we prepared several deuterated pyrene‐containing compounds to overcome intellectual property issues associated with non‐patentability of the original pyrene derivative.
B‐N Co‐Doped Graphene: Stability and Catalytic Activity in Oxygen Reduction Reaction – A Theoretical Insight
Authors: Wang Jinlong , Guoa Jinmin , Liua Yang‐Yi , Lia Peng , Fanga Qiufeng , Li Xiao‐Chun , Song Wei
Published: June 2024

We systematically investigated the stable configurations and catalytic activity in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) of graphene co‐doped with boron and nitrogen (B‐N) using first‐principles methods. Compared to single B/N doping, co‐doping with BN is energetically favored. We found that intermediate species of ORR process adsorb on boron atoms, which act as catalytic sites. The presence of neighboring nitrogen atoms around boron plays a crucial role in modulating the catalytic activity of boron. For the same adsorption configuration, the adsorption energy of the adsorbate increases with the number of neighboring nitrogen atoms around boron and generally correlates positively with the number of electrons gained by the adsorbate. Regarding the catalytic activity of ORR, excessively strong adsorption of adsorbates impedes their hydrogenation. The best substrates for ORR catalytic activity are B‐N‐graphene and N‐B2‐graphene, with the rate‐determining step being the hydrogenation of *OO and overpotentials of 0.49 V and 0.54 V, respectively.
Understanding the Factors That Contribute to Creating a Collaborative Psychological Formulation: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Thrower Naomi E. , Berry Katherine , Johnston Isobel , Morris Lydia
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Creating a formulation is one of the key competencies of a clinical psychologist and is understood to be important for guiding therapeutic input and understanding client distress. However, client experience of formulations can vary, with some reporting it is unhelpful and distressing. This novel review explores the experiences of clinicians and clients when creating a formulation, specifically the barriers and facilitators to collaborating on a formulation. This ultimately aims to improve client experience and engagement in formulation.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and EMBASE was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO. This search was conducted using terms related to ‘psychological formulation’ and ‘experience’. Nineteen qualitative papers met inclusion criteria and were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Findings that pertained to formulation were thematically synthesised.

Results

Three analytical themes were identified: toleration of the formulation process—‘a necessary evil’, which highlights the potential emotional impact of formulation on the client and indicates the importance of responding to client readiness and expectations of formulation; development of the therapeutic relationship—‘it's like a two way thing, isn't it?’, which suggests that client empowerment, adapting to client needs and clinicians creating a safe and containing environment facilitated the formulation process; systemic factors—‘walking a tightrope’, which highlights the constraints of resources and team dynamics in therapists' ability to engage in collaborative formulation.

Conclusion

Facilitators to a collaborative formulation include the following: simple formulations, thorough assessment and preparation for formulation, ‘doing with’ activities such as timelines and diagrams and working environments that include supportive colleagues and time for reflection and training.
Development and Validation of Miniaturized Assays to Assess Protein Techno‐functional Properties
Authors: Ling Jordy Kim Ung , Gorelik Sergey , Subramanian Gomathy Sandhya , Sarwono Albertus Eka Yudistira , Lee Daryl , Antipina Maria N. , Ng Siew Bee
Published: June 2024

Techno‐functional properties of protein isolates such as emulsification, foaming, and gelling serve as key indicators to determine their food applications. Conventional macro‐volume techniques used to measure these techno‐functional properties are usually time consuming, require large amounts of protein samples, and are impractical when diverse protein samples are handled at the early screening stage. To overcome these issues, we have developed scaled‐down (miniaturized) assays to test techno‐functional properties of protein samples. These assays are simple, efficient, and require <400 μl of protein solution. Specifically, the miniaturized emulsification and gelling assays require 25‐fold less protein than conventional macro‐volume techniques and the miniaturized foaming assay requires 100‐fold less sample. The performance of these assays has been thoroughly validated using conventional techno‐functional tests for each parameter. The protocols described herein offer high‐throughput screening capabilities, accelerating the testing process for protein techno‐functional properties and allowing for quick identification of samples of interest from diverse samples. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Miniaturized emulsification assay

Alternate Protocol 1: Conventional macro‐volume emulsification assay

Basic Protocol 2: Miniaturized foaming assay

Alternate Protocol 2: Conventional macro‐volume foaming assay

Basic Protocol 3: Miniaturized gelling assay

Alternate Protocol 3: Conventional macro‐volume gelling assay
Pressure‐Induced Enhancement in Chemical Looping Reforming of CH4: A Thermodynamic Analysis with Fe‐Based Oxygen Carriers
Authors: Zhang Xizhe , Cheng Nuo , Zhang Yuhan , Tian Sicong , Han Lujia
Published: June 2024

Chemical looping reforming of methane (CLRM) with Fe‐based oxygen carriers is widely acknowledged as an environmentally friendly and cost‐effective approach for syngas production, however, sintering‐caused deactivate of oxygen carriers at elevated temperatures of above 900 °C is a longstanding issue restricting the development of CLRM. Here, in order to reduce the reaction temperature without compromising the chemical‐looping CH4 conversion efficiency, we proposed a novel operation scheme of CLRM by manipulating the reaction pressure to shift the equilibrium of CH4 partial oxidation towards the forward direction based on the Le Chatelier's principle. The results from thermodynamic simulations showed that, at a fixed reaction temperature, the reduction in pressure led to the increase in CH4 conversion, H2 and CO selectivity, as well as carbon deposition rate of all investigated oxygen carriers. The pressure‐negative CLRM with Fe3O4, Fe2O3 and MgFe2O4 could reduce the reaction temperature to below 700 °C on the premise of a satisfactory CLRM performance. In a comprehensive consideration of the CLRM performance, energy consumption, and CH4 requirement, NiFe2O4 was the Fe‐based OCs best available for pressure‐negative CLRM, especially for an excellent syngas yield of 23.08 mmol/gOC. This study offered a new strategy to address sintering‐caused deactivation of materials in chemical looping from the reaction thermodynamics point of view.
“Point by point” source: The Chinese pine plantations in North China by evidence from mtDNA
Authors: Zhou Biao , Zhang Zijie , Zhang Hongjing , Li Yupeng , Ma Yanguang , Zhang Shubin , Niu Shihui , Li Yue
Published: June 2024

The geographical variation and domestication of tree species are an important part of the theory of forest introduction, and the tracing of the germplasm is the theoretical basis for the establishment of high‐quality plantations. Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.) is an important native timber tree species widely distributed in northern China, but it is unclear exactly where germplasm of the main Chinese pine plantation populations originated. Here, using two mtDNA markers, we analyzed 796 individuals representing 35 populations (matR marker), and 873 individuals representing 38 populations (nad5‐1 marker) of the major natural and artificial populations in northern China, respectively (Shanxi, Hebei and Liaoning provinces). The results confirmed that the core position of natural SX* populations (“*” means natural population) in the Chinese pine populations of northern China, the genetic diversity of HB and LN plantations was higher than that of natural SX* populations, and there was a large difference in genetic background within the groups of SX* and LN, HB showed the opposite. More importantly, we completed the “point by point” tracing of the HB and LN plantings. The results indicated that almost all HB populations originated from SX* (GDS*, ZTS*, GCS*, and THS*), which resulted in homogeneity of the genetic background of HB populations. Most of germplasm of the LN plantations originated from LN* (ZJS* and WF*), and the other part originated from GDS* (SX*), resulting in the large differences in the genetic background within the LN group. Our results provided a reliable theoretical basis for the scientific allocation, management, and utilization of Chinese pine populations in northern China, and for promoting the high‐quality establishment of Chinese pine plantations.
Comparison of seasonal viral prevalence supports honey bees as potential spring pathogen reservoirs for bumble bees
Authors: Wham Briana E. , McCormick Elyse C. , Carr Casey M. , Bracci Nicole R. , Heimann Ashley C. , Egner Timothy J. , Schneider M. Jesse , Hines Heather M.
Published: June 2024

Bee declines pose a serious risk to agricultural sustainability, wild plant diversity, and the commercial bee industry, generating local and global concerns about bee health. Parasites, including micro‐parasites and macro‐parasites, negatively impact bee population dynamics. Management of parasites requires an understanding of the cyclic trends in prevalence and the factors impacting these patterns. In this study, we advance understanding of parasite epidemiology and transmission among members of the bee community toward the goal of improving predictability of parasite prevalence seasonally. Honey bees and bumble bees were collected throughout an active season and across multiple overwintering periods. These bees were molecularly tested for two common bee viruses—deformed wing virus (DWV) and black queen cell virus (BQCV)—and morphologically screened for Vairimorpha spp., nematodes, and parasitic flies to determine whether these parasites exhibit unique seasonal trends, if overwintering behavior impacts parasite survival, and how these patterns differ between honey bees and bumble bees. The results suggest consistent seasonal trends between honey bees and bumble bees; however, these trends are parasite‐specific. Honey bees consistently exhibited a higher magnitude of viral prevalence compared with bumble bees. Both honey bees and bumble bees reduced viral prevalence over the winter; however, only in bumble bees did this drop to negligible prevalence each spring. These data suggest that honey bees may have a larger impact on parasite transmission, as they pose to reinfect bees which otherwise would have very low prevalence each spring and sustain high levels of infection in communities year‐round.
Measurement of anisotropy factor of nanoparticle embedded tumor phantoms for plasmonic photothermal therapeutics
Authors: Vikas  , Kumar Raj , Soni Sanjeev
Published: June 2024

Measurement of anisotropy factor (g) in the presence of nanoparticles (NPs) is important for understanding light distribution for plasmonic photothermal cancer therapeutics. Here, anisotropy factor is investigated through bilayer phantoms (epidermal and dermal) of various thicknesses incorporated with gold nanorods (GNRs) concentrations of 10–40 μg/mL by using in‐house developed goniometric setup. Results show that 10 μg/mL GNRs in the phantom increase g by ~50% (g = 0.9471) w.r.t. phantom without NPs. Higher concentrations (40 μg/mL) of GNRs decrease g by ~43% (g = 0.5341) w.r.t. phantom with 10 μg/mL GNRs. For 40 μg/mL GNRs phantom, the anisotropy factor reduces by 47% for phantom thickness from 600 to 1800 μm. Anisotropy factor of GNR embedded phantom increased by 44% by using glycerol (10%–40%). Incorporation of NPs in a tumor significantly affects g, a major parameter for light distribution. These measurements provide insights for light scattering based on nanoparticle doses for plasmonic photothermal therapeutics.
An enhanced multimode phase imaging method based on the transport of intensity equation
Authors: Cheng Hong , Zhang HongYi , Lu Wei , Zhang QuanBing , Hu Zijing
Published: June 2024

Label‐free biological cell imaging relies on rapid multimode phase imaging of biological samples in natural settings. To improve image contrast, phase is encoded into intensity information using the differential interference contrast (DIC) and Zernike phase contrast (ZPC) techniques. To enable multimode contrast‐enhanced observation of unstained specimens, this paper proposes an improved multimode phase imaging method based on the transport of intensity equation (TIE), which combines conventional microscopy with computational imaging. The ZPC imaging module based on adaptive aperture adjustment is applied when the quantitative phase results of biological samples have been obtained by solving the TIE. Simultaneously, a rotationally symmetric shear‐based technique is used that can yield isotropic DIC. In this paper, we describe numerical simulation and optical experiments carried out to validate the accuracy and viability of this technology. The calculated Michelson contrast of the ZPC image in the resolution plate experiment increased from 0.196 to 0.394.
Usefulness of a long hood for the detection of bleeding sites in colonic diverticular hemorrhage: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shiomi Rie , Nagata Junko , Tsuzuki Yoshikazu , Yokota Masashi , Matsumoto Hisashi , Miyaguchi Kazuya , Ohgo Hideki , Tsuda Shingo , Ito Hiroyuki , Kojima Seiichiro , Hirooka Nobutaka , Nakamoto Hidetomo , Suzuki Takayoshi , Imaeda Hiroyuki
Published: June 2024

Background and Aim

The use of a hood at the tip of a colonoscope enables aspiration, inversion of the diverticulum, and observation of the inside of the diverticulum. In most previous studies, a short hood was used; however, observation of the diverticulum is often inadequate. Long food is promising by previous research, but it was a retrospective study using propensity matching and has some limitations. We compared the identification rate of stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) between the long and standard hoods in cases of suspected colonic diverticular hemorrhage (CDH) to confirm the usefulness of long hood by prospective randomized controlled trial.

Methods

Eighty patients (42 in the long hood group [L group] and 38 in the short hood group [S group]) who visited the Saitama Medical University Hospital and Tokai University Hachioji Hospital between December 2018 and July 2021 with a chief complaint of bloody stool and suspected CDH, based on the clinical course and imaging studies, were included. Patients were randomly assigned to the L or S group.

Results

Regarding patient background, age was significantly higher in the L group; however, no significant differences were found in medical history or history of antithrombotic medication or nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use. Identification rate of SRH was significantly higher in the L group (58.5%, 24/42 patients) than in the S group (26.3%, 10/38 patients) (P < 0.05). All patients were treated using the clip method, and the rate of rebleeding within 1 month was not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusion

A long hood was more useful compared with a short hood in identifying SRH of CDH (UMIN000034603).
Study on the detection rate, genetic polymorphism, viral load, persistent infection capacity, and pathogenicity of human papillomavirus type 81
Authors: Chen Zuyi , Li Qiongyao , Xu Yajing , Tian Di , Zhang Mingjing , Guo Yongmei , Min Xun , Xiao Daimin
Published: June 2024

Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 81 has recently become one of the most common low‐risk HPV types; however, literature focusing on it is limited. This study aimed to analyze the reasons for the increased detection rate of HPV81 and investigate its evolving pathogenicity. We analyzed the detection rates and trends of HPV81 in 229 061 exfoliated cervical cell samples collected from 2014 to 2023; collected samples of HPV81 single infections from two different time periods; and analyzed the allele frequencies, positive selection, viral load, persistent infection capacity, and pathogenicity of E6 and E7 genotypes. We found that the detection rate of HPV81 ranked first among the low‐risk types in exfoliated cervical cells and exhibited a significantly increasing trend (p < 0.001). The frequency of the E6 prototype allele of HPV81 (n = 317) was significantly increased (p = 0.018) and demonstrated the strongest adaptive capacity. The viral load and persistent infection capacity of the E6 prototype were significantly higher than those of the mutants, thus serving as key drivers for increasing the detection rate of HPV81 and enhancing its pathogenicity. The viral load was positively correlated with persistent infection capacity and pathogenicity. Persistent infection was a crucial factor in the pathogenicity of HPV81. Successful adaptive evolution of HPV81 is accompanied by enhanced pathogenicity.
Botulinum Toxin Injection for Retrograde Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Doruk Can , Kennedy Evan L. , Tipton Courtney , Abdel‐Aty Yassmeen , Pitman Michael J.
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Retrograde Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction (RCPD) is treated by botulinum toxin (BTX) injection into the cricopharyngeus. This prospective study compares the effectiveness and side effects of operating room (OR) and in‐office (IO) injections.

Methods

Patients over 18 years of age with inability to burp, abdominal, thoracic, or cervical gurgling sounds, bloating, and excessive flatulence were diagnosed with RCPD and included in the study. Injections were performed in the OR (80U) or IO (30U) by the senior author. An RCPD questionnaire quantifying major and minor symptoms on a Likert scale, Eating Assessment Tool‐10 (EAT‐10), and Generalized Anxiety Score−7 (GAD‐7), were completed preinjection; at 1, 2, and 3 weeks; and 3 months postoperatively. Linear mixed models were used to analyze effects of BTX injection on RCPD symptoms, the EAT‐10, and the GAD‐7.

Results

108 (55 M/53F) patients completed the pretreatment survey, 53 (31 OR vs. 22 IO) completed the 3‐week follow‐up, and 36 (22 OR vs. 14 IO) completed the 3‐month questionnaire. Average posttreatment RCPD scores were significantly lower in both groups at 3 weeks and 3 months (p < 0.0001), There was no difference between IO or OR (p = 0.4924). GAD‐7 scores were significantly lower in both groups at week 3 (p = 0.0018) and month 3 (p = 0.0012). Postinjection EAT‐10 scores were significantly higher in OR compared with IO (p = 0.0379).

Conclusion

OR and IO injections are equally effective in the treatment of RCPD. Postinjection dysphagia is more severe after the OR injections which may be related to higher doses of BTX used. General anxiety levels decrease with treatment.

Level of Evidence

2 Laryngoscope, 134:4614–4619, 2024
Optical Effects of Focused Fractional Nanosecond 1064‐nm Nd:YAG Laser: Techniques of Application on Human Skin
Authors: Liu Connie , Huang Hsin‐Yi , Chang Yu‐Yang , Sun Chi‐Kuang , Chia Shih‐Hsuan , Liao Yi‐Hua
Published: June 2024

Background and Objectives

Considering the pulse widths of picosecond and nanosecond lasers used in cutaneous laser surgery differ by approximately one order of magnitude, can nanosecond lasers produce the optical effect in human skin similar to laser‐induced optical breakdown (LIOB) caused by picosecond lasers?

Methods

Cutaneous changes induced by a focused fractional nanosecond 1064‐nm Nd:YAG laser were evaluated by VISIA‐CR imaging, histological examination, and harmonic generation microscopy (HGM).

Results

A focused fractional nanosecond 1064‐nm Nd:YAG laser can generate epidermal vacuoles or dermal cavities similar to the phenomenon of LIOB produced by picosecond lasers. The location and extent of photodisruption can be controlled by the laser fluence and focus depth. Moreover, laser‐induced shock wave propagation and thermal degeneration of papillary collagen can be observed by HGM imaging.

Conclusion

Focused fractional nanosecond lasers can produce an optical effect on human skin similar to LIOB caused by picosecond lasers. With techniques of application, the treatment can induce epidermal and dermal repair mechanisms in a tunable fashion to improve skin texture, wrinkles, scars, and dyspigmentation, without disrupting the epidermal surface.
The multifaceted functions of DNA‐PKcs: implications for the therapy of human diseases
Authors: Wu Jinghong , Song Liwei , Lu Mingjun , Gao Qing , Xu Shaofa , Zhou Ping‐Kun , Ma Teng
Published: June 2024

The DNA‐dependent protein kinase (DNA‐PK), catalytic subunit, also known as DNA‐PKcs, is complexed with the heterodimer Ku70/Ku80 to form DNA‐PK holoenzyme, which is well recognized as initiator in the nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) repair after double strand break (DSB). During NHEJ, DNA‐PKcs is essential for both DNA end processing and end joining. Besides its classical function in DSB repair, DNA‐PKcs also shows multifaceted functions in various biological activities such as class switch recombination (CSR) and variable (V) diversity (D) joining (J) recombination in B/T lymphocytes development, innate immunity through cGAS–STING pathway, transcription, alternative splicing, and so on, which are dependent on its function in NHEJ or not. Moreover, DNA‐PKcs deficiency has been proven to be related with human diseases such as neurological pathogenesis, cancer, immunological disorder, and so on through different mechanisms. Therefore, it is imperative to summarize the latest findings about DNA‐PKcs and diseases for better targeting DNA‐PKcs, which have shown efficacy in cancer treatment in preclinical models. Here, we discuss the multifaceted roles of DNA‐PKcs in human diseases, meanwhile, we discuss the progresses of DNA‐PKcs inhibitors and their potential in clinical trials. The most updated review about DNA‐PKcs will hopefully provide insights and ideas to understand DNA‐PKcs associated diseases.
Comparison of occlusal dental wear and degenerative alterations of the temporomandibular joint in two medieval populations from Central Europe
Authors: Pedergnana Antonella , Seiler Roger , Čavka Mislav , Gascho Dominic , Harvey Laura , Rühli Frank , Eppenberger Patrick
Published: June 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease commonly identified in archaeological human remains. This condition primarily affects stress‐bearing joints, which include the temporomandibular joints (TMJs). Comparing dental status and degenerative alterations of the TMJs of individuals is crucial for understanding the role of the former in increasing predisposition to temporomandibular OA. The combination of visual and radiologic observations allows for a more in‐depth assessment of TMJ‐OA in archaeological specimens. A comparative study between tooth wear and the extent of degenerative signs on mandibular condylar surfaces was conducted on individuals from two medieval cemeteries in central Europe (Früebergstrasse in Baar and Dalheim). OA, tooth wear, and AMTL were evaluated in 41 individuals comprising both adult specimens as well as those of a more advanced age. Condylar OA was diagnosed in 14 individuals (Baar, n = 7; Dalheim, n = 7). No specific sex predisposition for OA in TMJs was found in the study's sample. Tooth wear was more severe in individuals with condyles affected by OA than in individuals whose condyles showed no degenerative signs. Although dental occlusion could not be evaluated, tooth wear values seem to point to diverse mastication patterns when there is unilateral or bilateral manifestation of mandibular OA in the two medieval populations under study.
Model‐free inversion‐based iterative learning control algorithm with adaptive gain: Achieving superior robustness and convergence
Authors: Kou Zhicheng , Sun Jinggao
Published: June 2024

The main objective of this work is to address the challenge of simultaneously ensuring robustness and convergence performance in model‐free inversion‐based iterative learning control. Initially, this research provides a mathematical analysis of the sources of errors in the iterative process, followed by proposing a gain design guideline to enhance both convergence speed and the final value error. Based on the gain design guideline, a gain design method associated with the number of iterations is proposed, resulting in a novel model‐free inversion‐based iterative learning control algorithm. Subsequently, a robustness analysis of the proposed algorithm is conducted. Finally, a comprehensive simulation and numerical comparison of the proposed algorithm with existing MFIIC‐like algorithms are presented to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed control algorithm.
A Scoping Review of the Intracranial Complications of Pediatric Sinusitis
Authors: Cress Victoria J. , Green Katerina J. , Jain Amiti , Viaud‐Murat Estelle M. , Patel Punam A. , Wiedermann Joshua P.
Published: June 2024

Objective

Intracranial complications of pediatric sinusitis are uncommon but are often associated with significant morbidity, especially when appropriate care is delayed. The present study aimed to identify commonalities for the development and progression of these complications in the pediatric population.

Data Sources

CENTRAL, CINAHL, Citation searching, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and World Health Organization.

Review Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses scoping review guidelines. Studies describing intracranial infections secondary to sinusitis in the pediatric population (age <18 years) were included. Studies in which adult and pediatric data were not separated and studies in which the pediatric cohort was fewer than 10 cases were excluded. Ultimately, 33 studies describing 1149 unique patient cases were included for data collection and analysis.

Results

Our analysis revealed intracranial complications were more common in adolescent males. Most children presented with over 1 week of vague symptoms, such as headache and fever. The majority of complications were diagnosed radiographically with computed tomography. Subdural empyema and epidural abscess were the most common intracranial complications reported. On average, patients were admitted for over 2 weeks. Most children were treated with a combination of antibiotics and surgical intervention. Complications were rare, but when present, were often associated with significant morbidity.

Conclusion

This scoping review of the available literature has provided insight into commonalities among pediatric patients who develop intracranial complications of sinusitis, providing a foundation for further study to inform medical and surgical decision‐making in this population.
In‐mold rheology and automated process control for injection molding of recycled polypropylene
Authors: Krantz Joshua , Nieduzak Zarek , Licata Juliana , O'Meara Sarah , Gao Peng , Masato Davide
Published: June 2024

Manufacturing plastic parts with secondary feedstocks has risen to the forefront of importance in recent years. However, the variation in molecular weight and rheology of secondary feedstock can lead to inconsistent part quality. This work evaluates the effectiveness of a novel closed‐loop adaptive process control system that adjusts nozzle pressure in response to in‐mold pressure data. Five different recycled polypropylene blends, with a broad distribution of flow properties, were evaluated to determine the effectiveness of the control system at reducing processing variation. The experimental results show that the process control strategy reduced the variation within the mold, as seen by in‐mold pressure curves and calculated in‐mold viscosity values. Additionally, the parameters that control the automated process adjustments were investigated, showing the importance of optimization. The analysis of the correlation between in‐mold rheology and mechanical properties showed a slight variation in the mechanical properties and parts weight with a coefficient of variation of under 5%. Overall, the results demonstrate the ability of pressure‐controlled molding and automated viscosity adjustment to reduce the variability when molding a secondary feedstock.

Highlights

Pressure‐controlled injection molding of recycled polypropylene.

Automated closed‐loop adaptive process control methodology.

Methodology resulted in a reduction in pressure variation during molding.

Changes in mechanical properties and in‐mold viscosity were investigated.

Results show the potential of pressure‐controlled molding at reducing variation.
Development of UV protective and antimicrobial CVC fabric using colloidal zinc oxide solution with carrot and orange peel extract
Authors: Ghosh Joyjit , Repon Md. Reazuddin , Anas Nimul Hasan , Noor Tasneem , Mia Md. Naeem , Khan Faizunnessa , Sultana Sunzida , Rupanty Nishat Sarmin
Published: June 2024

Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause degenerative changes in the cells, fibrous tissues and blood vessels. Moreover, microbiological attacks pose severe risks to human health and are a major cause of sickness worldwide. The aim of this work is to develop UV protective and antimicrobial materials using zinc oxide (ZnO) colloidal solution with carrot and orange peel extract. Treated samples were subjected to color strength (K/S value) measurement, scanning electron microscope (SEM) image analysis, attenuated total reflectance (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis, ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) test, bacterial reduction rate analysis and bursting strength measurement. The study revealed that the treated fabric exhibited remarkable UV protection capabilities, as evidenced by low transmission percentages across UV wavelengths and an outstanding UPF rating of 50, signifying excellent defense against harmful ultraviolet radiation. Additionally, antibacterial tests revealed the significant effectiveness of the treatment against common bacterial strains, with impressive reduction rates for Staphylococcus aureus (99.99%) and Escherichia coli (99.17%). Furthermore, the fabric's bursting strength, both in dry and wet conditions, remained nearly unchanged after treatment. ATR‐FTIR analysis and SEM imaging provided insights into the phytochemical compounds that give protection against UV composition (44.63–49.91) and surface morphology of the treated fabric, elucidating the mechanisms behind its enhanced properties. Due to the availability of carrot and orange peel in nature and low cost of raw materials, this process can be considered to apply commercially for further research purposes.

Highlights

Utilization of carrot and orange peel waste.

Successful application of zinc oxide for antibacterial and ultraviolet protective materials.

Excellent defense against harmful ultraviolet radiation.

Significant effectiveness against common bacterial strains.

Low cost and commercially viable functional materials.
Tubulin‐binding region alters tau–lipid interactions and changes toxicity of tau fibrils formed in the presence of phosphatidylserine lipids
Authors: Ali Abid , Holman Aidan P. , Rodriguez Axell , Matveyenka Mikhail , Kurouski Dmitry
Published: June 2024

Alzheimer's disease is the fastest‐growing neurodegenerative disease that affects over six million Americans. The abnormal aggregation of amyloid β peptide and Tau protein is the expected molecular cause of the loss of neurons in brains of AD patients. A growing body of evidence indicates that lipids can alter the aggregation rate of amyloid β peptide and modify the toxicity of amyloid β aggregates. However, the role of lipids in Tau aggregation remains unclear. In this study, we utilized a set of biophysical methods to determine the extent to which phospatidylserine (PS) altered the aggregation properties of Tau isoforms with one (1N4R) and two (2N4R) N terminal inserts that enhance the binding of Tau to tubulin. We found that the length and saturation of fatty acids (FAs) in PS altered the aggregation rate of 2N4R isoform, while no changes in the aggregation rate of 1N4R were observed. These results indicate that N terminal inserts play an important role in protein–lipid interactions. We also found that PS could change the toxicity of 1N4R and 2N4R Tau fibrils, as well as alter molecular mechanisms by which these aggregates exert cytotoxicity to neurons. Finally, we found that although Tau fibrils formed in the presence and absence of PS endocytosed by cells, only fibril species that were formed in the presence of PS exert strong impairment of the cell mitochondria.