bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KERUKUNAN MASYARAKAT MULTIKULTUR DI DESA BANUROJA, GORONTALO
Authors: Hasanudin Hasanudin
Published: August 2018

Banuroja merupakan sebuah desa yang mempunyai keunikan dan paling khas dibandingkan desa-desa lainnya di Provinsi Gorontalo, bahkan di seluruh Indonesia. Penduduk Desa Banuroja berasal dari sembilan etnik yaitu Bali, Jawa, Sasak, Gorontalo, Sunda, Minahasa, Bugis, Betawi, dan Batak. Keragaman etnis menyebabkan penduduknya memeluk agama, Islam, Hindu, Kristen Protestan, dan Khatolik. Pada umumnya untuk ukuran suatu desa di Provinsi Gorontalo, Desa Banuroja termasuk masyarakatnya yang heterogen, dan menjadi wadah yang mempertemukan berbagai macam agama, etnik, dan budaya. Masyarakat Banuroja dengan komposisi agama dan kultur yang majemuk, menjadi sampel yang representatif untuk memahami masyarakat multikultur dalam membangun solidaritas.

Kerukunan yang terbangun di Banuroja adalah kerukunan dan toleransi dari paradigma pluralisme. Masyarakat Banuroja menerima berbagai agama dan etnis dengan upaya menata keragaman dalam membina kerukunannya. Berdasarkan pembagian lima kategori multikulturalisme oleh Bikhu Parekh, maka masyarakat Banuroja termasuk kategori dalam multikulturalisme otonomis, yaitu masyarakat plural di mana kelompok-kelompok kultural utama berusaha mewujudkan kesetaraan dengan budaya dominan dan menginginkan kehidupan dalam kerangka politik yang secara kolektif bisa diterima.Terdapat tiga faktor menjadi pendorong terbangunnya kerukunan umat beragama yaitu rasa persatuan dari berbagai agama dan suku dalam bentuk toleransi, para tokoh masyarakat baik dari tokoh agama maupun tokoh etnik dapat menjaga keseimbangan dan kesetaraan dalam kehidupan masyarakat, dan peran Pesantren Salafiyah Syafiiyah dalam menjaga kerukunan. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui wawancara dan studi pustaka, dalam rangka memahami kerukunan masyarakat Banuroja.

 
Supplementation of Powdered Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) Seeds Reduces the Risk of Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Sultan M. Tauseef , Butt Masood Sadiq , Ahmad Rabia Shabeer , Batool Rizwana , Naz Ambreen , Suleria Hafiz
Published: August 2018

Background: Functional and nutraceutical foods are gaining immense popularity among the masses. Plants and their bioactive molecules are of prime importance. Although various plants from different geographical areas have been tested in the past, many horizons still need to be addressed. Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is one such example that is quite popular in South Asia and the Middle East.Context and purpose: The present research study was designed to expedite the role of black cumin seed in reducing the risk of hypercholesterolemia. For the purpose, thirty Sprague dawley rats were procured from the National Institute of Health (NIH) in Islamabad, Pakistan, and further split up into three groups, (10 rats each). Experimental diets were prepared using powdered black cumin (PBC) at 1% and 2%, and compared with the placebo. Results: The results revealed that PBC was effective in reducing the serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Additionally, the experimental diets resulted in a non-significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Overall, powdered black cumin at 1% and 2% reduced cholesterol level by 6.73, and 4.48%, LDL by 24.79, and 24.32% respectively. However, the supplementation of PBC at 2% resulted in marked variations as increasing tendency, which was recorded for cholesterol and triglycerides contents after 28 days of study. Conclusion: Present research investigation brightened the prospects of using powdered black cumin seed in diet based therapies to improve the lipid profile. Further studies are still required to assess the phytochemistry of the plants and indeed the functional ingredients responsible for such health benefits. Such studies would bring meticulousness for utilization of black cumin seeds as a functional food.Keywords: Functional foods, black cumin, lipid profile, cholesterol, triglycerides
Anxiolytic activity of aerial part hydroethanolic extract of Allium ascalonicum Linn. (Liliaceae) in mice
Authors: Akindele Abidemi J. , Sanni Hakeem A. , Edeh Pamela C.
Published: August 2018

Background: Allium ascalonicum Linn. (Liliaceae) is a mildly aromatic annual herb used to flavor food. Ethnobotanical survey revealed application of A. ascalonicumin the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders.  Objective: To investigate the anxiolytic activity of aerial part hydroethanolic extract of A. ascalonicum. Methods: The hole-board, elevated plus maze, light/dark exploration, open field and social interaction tests were used in this study. Groups of mice were treated orally with distilled water (10 ml/kg), diazepam (1 mg/kg), and A. ascalonicum (50-400 mg/kg). Evaluations were done 1 h post-treatment and the duration of observation was mostly 5 min. In the hole-board test, mice were observed for number/duration of head dips and number of sectional crossings. In the elevated plus maze test, the time spent in the open/closed arms and the number of entries by mice were observed. In the light/dark exploration test, the latency of entry into the dark box, time spent in the light and dark compartments, number of rearing and assisted rearing were determined. In respect of the open field test, observations were made for the number of rearing, assisted rearing, and sectional crossings. In the social interaction test, pairs of mice were observed for number of interactions including sniffing, following, and partner grooming. Results: In the hole-board test, A. ascalonicum significantly (p<0.05, 0.01) increased the number/duration of head dips and number of sectional crossings. In the elevated plus maze test, A. ascalonicum significantly (p<0.05) increased the number of entries into the open arm with corresponding reduction in number of entries into the closed arm. In the light/dark exploration test, A. ascalonicum significantly (p<0.05, 0.01) increased the latency of entry into the dark box, time spent in the light box, and number of rearing and assisted rearing. In respect of the open field test, A. ascalonicum significantly (p<0.05, 0.01) increased the number of sectional crossings and rearing. Considering the social interaction test, A. ascalonicum significantly (p<0.05) increased the number of interactions. Peak anti-anxiety effects were mostly observed at the dose of 100 mg/kg. Conclusion: The aerial part hydroethanolic extract of Allium ascalonicum possesses anxiolytic properties. Keywords: Allium ascalonicum, Liliaceae, anxiolytic activity, medicinal plants, traditional medicine.
Amino acid profile of raw and locally processed seeds of Prosopis africana and Ricinus communis: potential antidotes to protein malnutrition
Authors: Igwe Chidi U. , Ojiako Okey A. , Anugweje Ken C. , Nwaogu Linus A. , Ujowundu Cosmas O.
Published: August 2018

Background: Increasing incidence of malnutrition occasioned by high incidence of hunger, worsening food situation in the world, insufficient availability and high cost of animal protein sources, has necessitated extensive research into and use of alternative plant protein sources especially underexploited leguminous seeds.Methods: Flours from raw, boiled and fermented seeds of Prosopis africana and Ricinus communis were evaluated for crude protein and amino acid (AA) profiles, and their protein qualities determined. Results: Fermentation improved the protein contents of raw seeds of P. africana and R. communis by 18.70% and 3.95% respectively. In the raw and fermented P. africana seeds, glutamate at 132.60 ± 1.30 and 182.70 ± 3.02 mg/g crude protein (mg/gcp) was the most abundant amino acid (AA), while leucine (62.80 ± 0.60 and 79.50 ± 2.01 mg/gcp) was the most concentrated essential amino acid (EAA). Aspartate (151.90 ± 2.01 and 170.10 ± 2.00 mg/gcp) and arginine (72.80 ± 2.01 and 78.60 ± 2.00 mg/gcp) were the most concentrated and abundant non-essential amino acid (NEAA) and EAA in the raw and fermented samples of R. communis respectively. The total AA concentrations (mg/gcp) of raw and fermented P. africana were 733.00 and 962.60 respectively, while those of R. communis were 823.50 and 894.10 respectively. The total EAA contents (mg/gcp) for P. africana were 311.00 (raw) and 404.50 (fermented), and for R. communis; 401.10 (raw) and 430.30 (fermented). Threonine was the limiting EAA in raw and fermented P. africana, whereas lysine was the limiting EAA in R. communis raw sample. Fermentation significantly (p<0.05) increased the individual AA compositions of P. africana and R. communis by 94% and 53% respectively, while boiling reduced these parameters significantly (p<0.05) by 47% and 82% respectively.Conclusion: P. africana and R. communis seeds are potentially important plant sources of protein and essential amino acids, and so could be of great importance in combating malnutrition and food security problems generally.Key words: Amino acid score; condiments; crude protein; fermentation; legumes; nutrition
Development of functional food products in relation to obesity
Authors: Choudhary Monika , Grover Kiran
Published: August 2018

The development of new eating habits, as well as actual trends in production and consumption, has a health, environmental and social impact. The entire world is fighting diseases characteristic of the modern age such as obesity, osteoporosis, cancer, diabetes, allergies, and dental problems. With a global increase in the prevalence of obesity, both nutrition and exercise play key roles in its prevention and treatment. Natural product (nutraceutical) interventions are currently being investigated on a large-scale basis as potential treatments for obesity and weight management. With advancing nutritional sciences, several nutrients such as; low-glycemic-index carbohydrates, 5-hydroxytryptophan, green tea extract, and chromium have been shown to promote weight loss. The first two nutrients decrease appetite, green tea increases the 24 hr energy expenditure, and chromium promotes the composition of the weight lost to be fat rather than lean tissue. These have been assembled, in efficacious doses, into a new functional food product and described in this review. Each component has already been shown to promote weight loss independently in clinical trials.Key words: obesity, weight loss, functional foods
Chemoprevention of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma by the combined product of resveratrol and silymarin in transgenic mice
Authors: Hsieh Wen-Chuan , Yang Ching-Wen , Haung Yi-Sheng , Chao Ting-Wei , Tsai Tin-Fen , Su Ih-Jen
Published: August 2018

Background: Patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are at a high risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, metabolic syndrome has been found to carry a risk for HCC development. Considering the limitation of chemotherapeutic drugs for HCCs, the development of chemopreventive agents for high risk chronic HBV carriers is urgently demanded. In this study, we used combined silymarin and resveratrol extract which have been shown to exhibit biologic effects on activating peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR) and inhibiting mTOR signaling in a transgenic mice model harboring HBV viral oncoproteins.Methods: The transgenic mice model harboring HBx and pre-S2 mutant constructs which develop HCC was adopted. First, we in vitro tested the ideal combination dosages of the silymarin and resveratrol product, and then we fed the natural product to the transgenic mice. The chemopreventive effects on preventing the development of HCC were evaluated.Results: MTT assay showed an enhanced effect of the combined silymarin and resveratrol product on the reduction of cell proliferation in two hepatoma cell lines, Huh-7 and Hep G2. In vitro reporter assay and Western blot analyses revealed that the combined product could activate PPAR/PGC-1α signaling and inhibit mTOR expression. In vivo, the combined products could significantly ameliorate fatty liver and reduce HCCs in transgenic mice harboring HBV oncoproteins.Conclusions: The combined silymarin and resveratrol product exhibits a synergistic effect on the reduction of HCC development in transgenic mice model and may represent a potential agent for the prevention of HCC in high risk chronic HBV carriers.Key words: HBV, HCC, Transgenic mice, Chemoprevention
Polyphenol content and glycemic load of pasta enriched with Faba bean flour
Authors: Turco Imma , Bacchetti Tiziana , Bender Cecilia , Zimmermann Benno , Oboh Ganiyu , Ferretti Gianna
Published: August 2018

Background: Legumes contain elevated levels of health functional components. The objective of the present paper was to evaluate the nutritional properties and the post-prandial glycaemic responses of pasta obtained using 35% Vicia Faba (VF) bean flour, which is an important source of fiber and phytochemical compounds. Results: Protein and fiber content were higher in VF pasta compared with durum wheat semolina (DWS) pasta. The total antioxidant activity against peroxyl radicals evaluated by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay was also observed in VF pasta. The comparison of post-prandial increase of glucose after VF intake or DWS demonstrated significant differences and VF pasta exhibited a lower glycemic index value, a lower glycemic load and higher glycemic profile compared with DWS pasta.Conclusion: The results suggest that enrichment with 35% Vicia faba bean has potential health benefits and that VF flour can be used as an ingredient to prepare added-value products. Keywords: Glycemic Index; Glycemic load; Glycemic Profile; polyphenols, flavonoids; diabetes
Drinking functional coherent mineral water accompanies a strengthening of the very low frequency impact on heart rate variability, and mono and multifractal heart rhythm dynamics in healthy humans
Authors: Johansson Benny , Sukhotskya Svetlana
Published: August 2018

Background: Research on functional water has revealed its physiological functions and health-beneficial effects. Accordingly, this study explored the effects of drinking an average dietary volume of functional coherent mineral water (FCMW) on blood pressure, short-term cardiovascular variables, fractal heart rhythm dynamics, and salivary immunoglobulin A. Methods: Fifteen healthy subjects were randomized in a pre-post crossover design, selected the morning after an overnight fast. Short-term electrocardiography (ECG) was measured before and after drinking either control mineral water (CMW) or FCMW on two separate occasions. Saliva was collected for four minutes before the start of each ECG measurement. Blood pressure was monitored in five-minute intervals for one hour. Results: Drinking 100 ml of FCMW temporarily increased arterial blood pressure at 20 to 25 minutes in the 60 minutes post-drinking. Drinking CMW led to a significant reduction in the heart rate, while all-time domain and Power Spectral Density parameters (PSD) were unaffected. Consumption of FCMW resulted in a highly significant difference and decrease in heart rate, and an increase in NN interbeat intervals, and in two of the PSD parameters. A large increase in total power had a significant increasing effect on 2–3-minute oscillations of the very low frequency (VLF) power, indicating a specific change in the heartʼs intrinsic cardiac rhythm that is fundamental to health and well-being. An extension in mono and multifractal scaling of heart rate dynamics defines a healthy function and non-local adaptability, indicating a higher capacity to respond to unpredictable stimuli and stresses, a function which improves autonomic stability. The effect on the heart rate and VLF power suggest an efficient cellular metabolism and a stabilizing effect on mucosal immunoglobulin A. Conclusions: Functional coherent mineral water with an apparent non-local electromagnetic identity triggered in healthy subjects a sustainable sympathetic response in cardiac VLF power, which is considered an intrinsic health-promoting rhythm produced by the heart itself that accompanies adaptive mono and multifractal heart rhythm dynamics. Keywords: functional water, VLF-power, heart rate variability, fractal scaling, health improvement
Integrated Medicine with vegetable derived antioxidant and vitamin D : effects on oxidative stress and bone mineral metabolism of aged patients with renal disease
Authors: Carluccio Francesco , Lenucci Macello , Piro Gabriella , Siems Werner , Luño Josè
Published: August 2018

Background: Aging and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are associated with bone mineral metabolism disorders, in addition to disarrangement of trabeculae structure and bone architecture. Increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) have been related with abnormal bone turn over. Lycopene, a plant derived micronutrient, has strong quenching and free radical scavenging attitude. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lycopene and calcifediol (25 OH D3) based Integrated Medicine on ALP, PTH and oxidative stress. Methods: In octogenarians, nonagenarians and centenarians with chronic kidney disease (GFR :45 ±10,4 ml/min/1,73 m2), vitamin D deficiency and abnormal ALP, PTH blood values, the effects of daily lycopene supplementation on blood oxysterols and on 4-hydroxy-2,3-trans- nonenal (4-HNE) as markers of oxidative stress were evaluated. The effects of calcifediol administration together with daily lycopene supplementation on PTH and ALP blood concentrations were also investigated. Results: Daily lycopene supplementation induced a reduction of oxysterols (α-triol: 0.40 ± 0.07 μg / L vs 0.32 ± 0, 04 μg / L and β-epoxi cholesterol: 5.3 ± 1.3 μg / L vs 3.7 ± 0.6 μg / L) but not of 4-HNE (0.27 ± 0.18 nmol / L vs 0.25 ± 0.20 nmol / L). Vitamin D added to lycopene for two weeks decreased the blood values of ALP (106 ± 40 U / L vs 69 ± 19 U / L) and PTH (108 ±42 pg/ml vs 66± 21 pg/ml). Conclusion: Tomato derived lycopene, with daily supplements, decreased cholesterol oxidation products. Calcifediol and vegetable derived antioxidant daily supplementations were associated to normalization of ALP and PTH. Keywords: oxysterols; 4-hydroxynonenal; lycopene; alkaline phosphatase; parathyroid hormone; chronic kidney disease (CKD)
The Hypoglycaemic Potential of Antioxidant-Rich Food Extracts
Authors: Chepulis Lynne , Al-Aubaidy Hayder , Page Rachel
Published: August 2018

Background: Obesity and diabetes are highly prevalent in Western countries, and both conditions can be associated with impaired glucose control and hyperglycemia. Antioxidants have been identified as having the ability to regulate blood glucose levels, however, the effects of specific high-antioxidant food extracts on blood glucose levels have not been well characterized. This study aimed to measure the hypoglycemic effects of selected antioxidant food extracts in healthy individuals.Methods: Ten healthy individuals were recruited into a randomized, single-blinded study. Participants consumed five different high-antioxidant food extracts (one per session, each >48 hours apart) that were matched for total antioxidant content 10 mins prior to ingestion of 50 g of available carbohydrate from either glucose load or white bread (with ham) after an overnight fast. Blood glucose levels were measured using capillary sampling every 15 mins for two hours, and the incremental area under the glucose curve (IAUC) measured. The IAUC values for the test foods were compared to the glucose-only and bread-only controls.Results: Amla berry-, Grape seed- Rooibos tea- and Green tea- extracts as well as Propolis tincture were all strong glycemic modulators, significantly decreasing the IAUC by 25-40% compared to the glucose-only or white bread controls (all p < 0.05).Conclusions: Antioxidants are able to modulate postprandial glucose response in healthy subjects. These results suggest that further research is warranted to determine whether these antioxidant-rich foods are of benefit to people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Antioxidants, glycemic response, blood glucose levels
Curcumin protects liver inflammation by suppressing expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in primary cultured rat hepatocytes
Authors: Nakatake Richi , Hishikawa Hidehiko , Matushima Hideyuki , Nakamura Yusuke , Ishizaki Morihiko , Matsui Kosuke , Kaibori Masaki , Nishizawa Mikio , Okumura Tadayoshi , Kon Masanori
Published: August 2018

Background: Curcumin has beneficial effects on organ metabolism. However, there is little evidence that curcumin affects inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nitric oxide (NO). In an inflamed liver, proinflammatory cytokines stimulate liver cells, followed by the induction of inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Excessive NO produced by iNOS is one of the factors in liver injury. Therefore, inhibiting iNOS induction for preventing liver injury is important.Objective: This study aimed to investigate liver protective effects of curcumin by examining interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated hepatocytes.Methods: Primary cultured rat hepatocytes were treated with IL-1β in the presence or absence of curcumin. Induction of NO production and iNOS, and the signaling pathway of iNOS were analyzed.Results: Simultaneous addition of IL-1β and curcumin decreased expression levels of iNOS protein and mRNA, resulting in inhibition of NO production. Curcumin also reduced mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6. Curcumin inhibited two essential signaling pathways for iNOS induction, NF-κB activation and type I IL-1 receptor upregulation. Transfection experiments revealed that curcumin reduced iNOS mRNA levels at the promoter activation and mRNA stabilization steps. Delayed administration of curcumin after IL-1β addition also inhibited iNOS induction.Conclusions: Curcumin affects induction of inflammatory mediators, such as iNOS and TNF-α, in part through the inhibition of NF-κB activation in hepatocytes. Curcumin may have therapeutic potential for organ injuries, including the liver.Key words: curcumin, inducible nitric oxide synthase, liver injury, primary cultured hepatocytes, nuclear factor-κB, type I interleukin-1 receptor, tumor necrosis factor-α.
Daily consumption of monoglucosyl-rutin prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity by suppressing gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion in mice
Authors: Yokoyama Daigo , Tanaka Wataru , Hashizume Yushi , Tandia Mahamadou , Sakono Masanobu , Shimoi Kayoko , Sakakibara Hiroyuki
Published: August 2018

Background: Alpha monoglucosyl-rutin (4G-α-D-glucopyranosyl rutin, αMR) has been shown to stimulate antioxidant defenses and anti-glycation. We evaluated the effects of αMR on body weight gain in mice.Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: Control low-fat diet, low-fat diet + 0.5% αMR, high-fat diet, and high-fat diet + 0.5% αMR. Blood chemistry, hepatic lipids, and serum metabolic hormones and cytokines were evaluated after 4 and 13 weeks.Results: After 6 weeks, the high-fat diet group gained more weight than the low-fat diet group. Supplementing the high-fat diet with αMR suppressed weight gain by week 13. Visceral fat weight was higher in the high-fat diet group on weeks 4 and 13, while αMR supplementation inhibited increase on week 13 but not on week 4. Serum levels of gastric inhibitory polypeptide were higher in the high-fat-diet group than in the low-fat-diet group. αMR supplementation inhibited this elevation and regulated levels of serum leptin and hepatic triglycerides.Conclusion: For the first time, we demonstrated how daily consumption of αMR inhibits diet-induced visceral fat accumulation by regulating the secretion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide, which thereby prevents excess weight gain. Therefore, αMR may be a promising potential functional food.Keywords: Anti-obesity; gastric inhibitory polypeptide; mouse; alpha monoglucosyl-rutin; quercetin
STRUCTURAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF VERBA MOLYBDENUM ORE MINERALIZATION
Authors: Kostenko M. M. , Kondratenko P. A.
Published: August 2018

The article shows the Verba ore mineralization of molybdenum (Volyn Block of the Ukrainian Shield) is associated with small granite intrusions. They are located in the south-eastern exocontact zone of the Ustynivka granite massif of the Paleoproterozoic Chisinau complex. The Verba minera­lization is a linear-coarse mineralized zone of the complex structure. This is confirmed by the development in its rocks of frequent, non-orientated veins of quartz, fluorite-quartz and carbonate-quartz compositions and numerous cracks. They have molybdenite and concomitant mineralization, as well as the wide spreading of molybdenite inclusions directly in the granites. A number of differently oriented faults and of small fracturing local zones, cataclasite, millonitized and breccias represents the internal structure of the mineralized zone. The characteristic of molybdenite the leading ore minerals is shown. It is morphologically represented by a closely connected scattered inclusions, rarely veined inclusions, and associated ore minerals: cassiterite, bismuth, native bismuth, emlectocytes, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, ilmenite, magnetite and titanomagnetite.
METHODS OF SEARCHING FOR DIAMOND DEPOSITS ON THE EXAMPLE OF NOVOHRAD-VOLYNSKYI AREA OF UKRAINIAN SHIELD
Authors: Heiko Yu. V. , Prykhodko V. L. , Filipovych V. Ye. , Mychak A. H. , Shevchuk R. M.
Published: August 2018

The article gives an analysis and an assessment of the effectiveness of the methods of studying availability of diamonds of the territory of the Novohrad-Volynskyі block of the Ukrainian Shield. The geological-geophysical and petrographic conditions of the perspective Novohrad-Volynskyi area are described in detail and the search criteria of diamond content are determined. An analysis of the application of modern materials of space surveys in the study of the thermal field of the earth’s surface, structural deciphering and morphostructural analysis is presented in order to predict the manifestations of kimberlite magmatism.
PERSPECTIVES OF DETECTION OF DEPOSITS OF DIAMONDS IN THE KUHOTSKO-BILSKA AREA
Authors: Heiko Yu. V. , Tarasko I. V. , Prykhodko V. L. , Drozdetskyi V. V. , Shymkiv L. M.
Published: August 2018

The article presents the results of prospecting of diamond boring within the Kuhotsko-Bilska area, which is located on the north-western slope of the Ukrainian Shield.The data of the researches of 1995–2013 made it possible to form a new view on regional and local criteria and signs of diamond-bearing area of work, including a detailed study of the material composition of breccia, to distinguish among them explosive, to discover a new type of potentially diamond- bearing structures.According to all available geological and geophysical information, specific recommendations are given for direct searches for kimberlite or lamproite bodies within promising structures and breccia occurrence.
Pharmacological and Biological Activities of Different Fractions Methanol Extracts of Gardenia coronaria Buch. -Ham. Leaves
Authors: Faruq Abdullah Al , Ibrahim Mohammed , Chowdhury M Mohi Uddin , Adib Mohiminul , Haque Mohammad R , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: August 2018

Ethanolic extract and its n-hexane and chloroform soluble fractions of the leaves of Gardenia coronaria Buch. Ham. were screened for their bio-activities. Preliminary phytochemicals screening of crude extract revealed the presence of glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, reducing sugars and flavonoids in different extracts. In antibacterial test, maximal zone of inhibition obtained against B. cereus (15.3 mm) and in antifungal test maximal zone found against C. albicans (12.7 mm) by the chloroform extract. The crude extract of the plant exhibited notable anti-inflammatory activity. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging method where the scavenging activity was concentration dependent with IC50 values of 5.15μg/ml, 8.75μg/ml and 12.71μg/ml for ethanol, nhexane and chloroform extract, respectively. In the castor oil-induced antidiarrheal assay, the crude extract of the plant significantly increased the latency and total count of defecation. Acetic acid-induced writhing reflex due to analgesia was inhibited by 31.18% (by ethanol), 23.67% (by n-hexane) and 24.73% (by chloroform) at 500 mg/kg body wt. in experimental mice. The extractives at doses from 31.25-500 μg/ml, produced inhibition of amylase activity in a dose dependent manner.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(2): 139-147, 2017
In vitro Bioactivities of Aerial Parts of Dioscorea alata
Authors: Hossain Md Akbar , Haque Md Enamul , Kawsar Md Hassan , Rana Md Sohel
Published: August 2018

The methanol extract of aerial parts of Dioscorea alata and its organic and aqueous soluble materials were subjected to screenings for antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing and antimicrobial activities. The polyphenol content and DPPH free radical scavenging assay were conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content was found to vary for different test samples ranging from 23.69 ± 0.25 to 26.60 ± 0.22 mg of GAE/gm of dried extract. In DPPH method the chloroform soluble fraction (CSF) of D. alata revealed the highest free radical scavenging activity with IC5025.33 ± 0.05 μg/ml. The petroleum ether soluble fraction (PESF) exhibited highest cytotoxic potential having LC50 value of 6.1 μg/ml. During the membrane stabilizing assay, the aqueous soluble fraction (AQSF) inhibited 31.91% and 47.55% haemolysis of RBC in hypotonic solution- and heat-induced method, respectively. In thrombolytic assay, the chloroform soluble fraction (CSF) displayed 40.45% clot lysis. On the other hand the carbon tetrachloride (CTCSF) and chloroform soluble fraction (CSF) revealed mild to moderate antimicrobial activity with zone of inhibition ranging from 8 to 12 mm.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(2): 200-204, 2017
Herbal and Alternative Medicine News Vol.20(2)
Authors: Hossain Md Akbar
Published: August 2018

Abstract not availableBangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(2): 225, 2017
Agustin de Betancourt’s Mechanical Dredger in the Port of Kronstadt: Analysis through Computer-Aided Engineering
Authors: Rojas-Sola José , De la Morena-De la Fuente Eduardo
Published: August 2018

This article analyzes the first self-propelled floating dredging machine designed and executed by Agustín de Betancourt in 1810 to dredge the port of Kronstadt (Russia). With this objective, a study of computer-aided engineering (CAE) has been carried out using the parametric software Autodesk Inventor Professional, consisting of a static analysis using the finite element method, of the 3D model which is reliable under operating conditions. The results have shown that the system of inertia drums proposed by Betancourt manages to dissipate the tensions between the different elements, locating the highest stresses in the links of the bucket rosary, specifically at the point of contact between links. Similarly, the maximum displacements and the greatest deformations (always associated with these points of greater stress), are far from reaching the limits of breakage of the material used in its construction, as well as the safety coefficient of the invention, confirming that the mechanism was oversized, as was generally the case at the time. This analysis highlights the talent of the Spanish engineer and his mastery of mechanics, in an invention, the first of its kind worldwide, which served the Russian Empire for many years.
Structural Chemistry of Halide including Thallides A8Tl11X1−n (A = K, Rb, Cs; X = Cl, Br; n = 0.1–0.9)
Authors: Gärtner Stefanie , Tiefenthaler Susanne , Korber Nikolaus , Stempfhuber Sabine , Hischa Birgit
Published: August 2018

A8Tl11 (A = alkali metal) compounds have been known since the investigations of Corbett et al. in 1995 and are still a matter of current discussions as the compound includes one extra electron referred to the charge of the Tl117− cluster. Attempts to substitute this additional electron by incorporation of a halide atom succeeded in the preparation of single crystals for the lightest triel homologue of the group, Cs8Ga11Cl, and powder diffraction experiments for the heavier homologues also suggested the formation of analogous compounds. However, X-Ray single crystal studies on A8Tl11X to prove this substitution and to provide a deeper insight into the influence on the thallide substructure have not yet been performed, probably due to severe absorption combined with air and moisture sensitivity for this class of compounds. Here, we present single crystal X-Ray structure analyses of the new compounds Cs8Tl11Cl0.8, Cs8Tl11Br0.9, Cs5Rb3Tl11Cl0.5, Cs5.7K2.3Tl11Cl0.6 and K4Rb4Tl11Cl0.1. It is shown that a (partial) incorporation of halide can also be indirectly determined by examination of the Tl-Tl distances, thereby the newly introduced cdd/cdav ratio allows to evaluate the degree of distortion of Tl117− clusters.
The Genus Urodontidius Louw (Anthribidae: Urodontinae) Rediscovered and Its Biological Secrets Revealed: A Tribute to Schalk Louw (1952–2018)
Authors: Oberprieler Rolf G. , Scholtz Clarke H.
Published: August 2018

The paper records the rediscovery of the rare Urodontidius enigmaticus Louw, 1993 in South Africa, based on specimens reared from galls in the succulent leaves of Ruschia versicolor. The original account of some of the morphological characters of the species is corrected, and its habitus, antennae, pygidium and genitalia are illustrated. Its life history and galling habit on its host plant are described and illustrated, and its larva is compared with those of the genera Urodontellus Louw and Urodontus Louw, which represent different larval types with different life histories. The silk-spinning habits of the Urodontellus larva are briefly described. A tribute to the late Schalk Louw is presented, together with a list of his publications on weevils.
Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate Hydrogels Containing Positively and Negatively Charged Groups
Authors: Joas Sebastian , Tovar Günter E. M. , Celik Oguz , Bonten Christian , Southan Alexander
Published: August 2018

Hydrogels are an interesting class of materials used in extrusion-based 3D printing, e.g., for drug delivery or tissue engineering. However, new hydrogel formulations for 3D printing as well as a detailed understanding of crucial formulation properties for 3D printing are needed. In this contribution, hydrogels based on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA) and the charged monomers 3-sulfopropyl acrylate and [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride are formulated for 3D printing, together with Poloxamer 407 (P407). Chemical curing of formulations with PEG-DA and up to 5% (w/w) of the charged monomers was possible without difficulty. Through careful examination of the rheological properties of the non-cured formulations, it was found that flow properties of formulations with a high P407 concentration of 22.5% (w/w) possessed yield stresses well above 100 Pa together with pronounced shear thinning behavior. Thus, those formulations could be processed by 3D printing, as demonstrated by the generation of pyramidal objects. Modelling of the flow profile during 3D printing suggests that a plug-like laminar flow is prevalent inside the printer capillary. Under such circumstances, fast recovery of a high vicosity after material deposition might not be necessary to guarantee shape fidelity because the majority of the 3D printed volume does not face any relevant shear stress during printing.
Holistic Infrastructure Resilience Research Requires Multiple Perspectives, Not Just Multiple Disciplines
Authors: Thomas John E. , Eisenberg Daniel A. , Seager Thomas P.
Published: August 2018

Resilience research includes multiple definitions, concepts, perspectives, and applications across a broad range of academic disciplines. While experts, policy-makers, and practitioners assert that resilience requires holism, what is considered holistic is rarely discussed. The traditional scientific approach to holism is to engage multiple disciplines. However, this review studies an alternative approach to holism that engages multiple perspectives, as suggested by integral theory. An integral approach requires consideration of at least four irreducible domains: (1) subjective experience, (2) intersubjective culture, (3) objective behavior, and (4) interobjective systems. This way of approaching holism both engages multiple disciplines and reveals important gaps in the popular understanding of resilient infrastructure. For example, organizing the 20 most highly cited resilience research articles from all disciplines according to the Integral Map reveals that most articles in the sample set are distributed among three of the four perspectives corresponding to experience, behavior, and systems. None of the most popular articles studies resilience through the lens of culture. Thus, the importance of factors such as organizational values and group intentionality may be underappreciated in the scholarly literature.
On the Rehydration of Organic Layered Double Hydroxides to form Low-Ordered Carbon/LDH Nanocomposites
Authors: Conterosito Eleonora , Palin Luca , Antonioli Diego , Riccardi Maria , Boccaleri Enrico , Aceto Maurizio , Milanesio Marco , Gianotti Valentina
Published: August 2018

Low-ordered carbon/layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposites were prepared by rehydration of the oxides produced by calcination of an organic LDH. While the memory effect is a widely recognized effect on oxides produced by inorganic LDH, it is unprecedented from the calcination/rehydration of organic ones. Different temperatures (400, 600, and 1100 °C) were tested on the basis of thermogravimetric data. Water, instead of a carbonate solution, was used for the rehydration, with CO2 available from water itself and/or air to induce a slower process with an easier and better intercalation of the carbonaceous species. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), infrared in reflection mode (IR), and Raman spectroscopies and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRPD indicated the presence of carbonate LDH, and of residuals of unreacted oxides. IR confirmed that the prevailing anion is carbonate, coming from the water used for the rehydration and/or air. Raman data indicated the presence of low-ordered carbonaceous species moieties and SEM and XRPD the absence of separated bulky graphitic sheets, suggesting an intimate mixing of the low ordered carbonaceous phase with reconstructed LDH. Organic LDH gave better memory effect after calcination at 400 °C. Conversely, the carbonaceous species are observed after rehydration of the sample calcined at 600 °C with a reduced memory effect, demonstrating the interference of the carbonaceous phase with LDH reconstruction and the bonding with LDH layers to form a low-ordered carbon/LDH nanocomposite.
Energy of Pythagorean Fuzzy Graphs with Applications
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Naz Sumera
Published: August 2018

Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs), an extension of intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs), inherit the duality property of IFSs and have a more powerful ability than IFSs to model the obscurity in practical decision-making problems. In this research study, we compute the energy and Laplacian energy of Pythagorean fuzzy graphs (PFGs) and Pythagorean fuzzy digraphs (PFDGs). Moreover, we derive the lower and upper bounds for the energy and Laplacian energy of PFGs. Finally, we present numerical examples, including the design of a satellite communication system and the evaluation of the schemes of reservoir operation to illustrate the applications of our proposed concepts in decision making.
Fragment-Based Lead Generation of 5-Phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide Derivatives as Leads for Potent Factor Xia Inhibitors
Authors: Wei Qunchao , Zheng Zhichao , Zhang Shijun , Zheng Xuemin , Meng Fancui , Yuan Jing , Xu Yongnan , Huang Changjiang
Published: August 2018

FXIa is suggested as a major target for anticoagulant drug discovery because of reduced risk of bleeding. In this paper, we defined 5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives as privileged fragments for FXIa inhibitors’ lead discovery. After replacing the (E)-3-(5-chloro-2-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)phenyl)acrylamide moiety in compound 3 with 5-(3-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide, we traveled from FXIa inhibitor 3 to a scaffold that fused the privileged fragments into a pharmacophore for FXIa inhibitors. Subsequently, we synthesized and assessed the FXIa inhibitory potency of a series of 5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide derivatives with different P1, P1′ and P2′moiety. Finally, the SAR of them was systematically investigated to afford the lead compound 7za (FXIa Ki = 90.37 nM, 1.5× aPTT in rabbit plasma = 43.33 μM) which exhibited good in vitro inhibitory potency against FXIa and excellent in vitro coagulation activities. Furthermore, the binding mode of 7za with FXIa was studied and the results suggest that the 2-methylcyclopropanecarboxamide group of 7za makes 2 direct hydrogen bonds with Tyr58B and Thr35 in the FXIa backbone, making 7za binds to FXIa in a highly efficient manner.
Orbital Decay of Globular Clusters in the Galaxy with Little Dark Matter
Authors: Nusser Adi
Published: August 2018

Recently, van Dokkum et al. presented an important discovery of an ultra-diffuse galaxy, NGC1052-DF2, with a dark matter content significantly less than predicted from its stellar mass alone. The analysis relies on measured radial velocities of 10 globular clusters (GCs), of estimated individual masses of a few ×106
M
⊙. This is about 1% of the inferred mass of NGC1052-DF2 of 2 × 108
M
⊙ within a half-light radius, R
e = 2.2 kpc. The large relative mass and the old age of these objects imply that they might be susceptible to orbital decay by dynamical friction. Using analytic estimates and N-body simulations of an isolated system matching the inferred mass profile of NGC1052-DF2, we show that the orbits of the most massive GCs should already have decayed on a timescale of a few Gyrs. These findings should help in constraining mass profile and formation scenarios of NGC1052-DF2.
A Deficit of Dark Matter from Jeans Modeling of the Ultra-diffuse Galaxy NGC 1052-DF2
Authors: Wasserman Asher , Romanowsky Aaron J. , Brodie Jean , Dokkum Pieter van , Conroy Charlie , Abraham Roberto , Cohen Yotam , Danieli Shany
Published: August 2018

The discovery of the ultra-diffuse galaxy NGC 1052-DF2 and its peculiar population of star clusters has raised new questions about the connections between galaxies and dark matter (DM) halos at the extremes of galaxy formation. In light of debates over the measured velocity dispersion of its star clusters and the associated mass estimate, we constrain mass models of DF2 using its observed kinematics with a range of priors on the halo mass. Models in which the galaxy obeys a standard stellar-halo mass relation are in tension with the data and also require a large central density core. Better fits are obtained when the halo mass is left free, even after accounting for increased model complexity. The dynamical mass-to-light ratio for our model with a weak prior on the halo mass is

, consistent with the stellar population estimate for DF2. We use tidal analysis to find that the low-mass models are consistent with the undisturbed isophotes of DF2. Finally, we compare with Local Group dwarf galaxies and demonstrate that DF2 is an outlier in both its spatial extent and its relative DM deficit.
A 50 pc Scale View of Star Formation Efficiency across NGC 628
Authors: Kreckel K. , Faesi C. , Kruijssen J. M. D. , Schruba A. , Groves B. , Leroy A. K. , Bigiel F. , Blanc G. A. , Chevance M. , Herrera C. , Hughes A. , McElroy R. , Pety J. , Querejeta M. , Rosolowsky E. , Schinnerer E. , Sun J. , Usero A. , Utomo D.
Published: August 2018

Star formation is a multi-scale process that requires tracing cloud formation and stellar feedback within the local (≲kpc) and global galaxy environment. We present first results from two large observing programs on the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA)and the Very Large Telescope/Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer(VLT/MUSE), mapping cloud scales (1″ = 47 pc) in both molecular gas and star-forming tracers across 90 kpc2 of the central disk of NGC 628 to probe the physics of star formation. Systematic spatial offsets between molecular clouds and H ii regions illustrate the time evolution of star-forming regions. Using uniform sampling of both maps on 50–500 pc scales, we infer molecular gas depletion times of 1–3 Gyr, but also find that the increase of scatter in the star formation relation on small scales is consistent with gas and H ii regions being only weakly correlated at the cloud (50 pc) scale. This implies a short overlap phase for molecular clouds and H ii regions, which we test by directly matching our catalog of 1502 H ii regions and 738 GMCs. We uncover only 74 objects in the overlap phase, and we find depletion times >1 Gyr, significantly longer than previously reported for individual star-forming clouds in the Milky Way. Finally, we find no clear trends that relate variations in the depletion time observed on 500 pc scales to physical drivers (metallicity, molecular and stellar-mass surface density, molecular gas boundedness) on 50 pc scales.
At Sensor Diagnosis for Smart Healthcare
Authors: Laroiya Chetna , Aggarwal Vijay Bhushan
Published: August 2018

In order to implement IoT-based health-care for improved quality of life, we have to deal with sensor and communication technologies. In this article, the authors propose an approach to analyse real-time data streaming from a patient's surface body sensors, which are to be looked upon in a small sliding window frame. Time series analysis of data from the sensors is effective in reducing the round-trip delay between patient and the medical server. Two algorithms are for the sensor, and odd measures are proposed based on joint probability and joint conditional probability. The proposed algorithms are to be SQL compliant, as traces of at-sensor UDBMS alongside elementary capabilities supports databases with a meagre amount of SQL, which is evident in the literature.
A GDPR Implementation Guide for the Insurance Industry
Authors: Liapakis Xenofon
Published: August 2018

Data Protection has always been an issue of concern for businesses across the globe. Laws addressing the Universal Statement for Human Rights have been set as early as 1948 and, as years go by, awareness further strengthens legislative actions. Through his work at Interamerican insurance company, the author shows that alignment with legislation, though perceived as a resource-intensive, counter-productive process, may be turned into an opportunity for fine tuning, promoting the operations of a company, and raising the trust towards IT.
Implicit Semantics Based Metadata Extraction and Matching of Scholarly Documents
Authors: Jiang Congfeng , Liu Junming , Ou Dongyang , Wang Yumei , Yu Lifeng
Published: August 2018

The authors propose to use formatting templates and implicit formatting semantics information for automatic metadata identification and segmentation. The pure texts and their corresponding formatting information including line height, font type, and font size, are recognized in parallel to guide metadata identification. The authors use implicit formatting semantics, such as the change of formatting, formatting templates and implications, explicit formatting layouts, as well as predefined frequently occurred keywords database to increase the extraction accuracy. Unlike other OCR-based approaches, the authors use open source PDFBox package as the basic preprocessing tool to get pure texts and formatting values of the document contents. On top of PDFBox they built their own pipeline program, namely, PAXAT, to implement their approaches for metadata extraction. 10177 papers from arXiv, ACM, ACL and other publicly accessed and institution-subscribed sources are tested. The overall extraction accuracy of title, authors, affiliations, author-affiliation matching are 0.9798, 0.9425, 0.9298, and 0.9109, respectively.