bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A spatial statistical approach for identifying population structuring of marine fish species: European sprat as a case study
Authors: Lindegren Martin , van Deurs Mikael , Maureaud Aurore , Thorson James T , Bekkevold Dorte
Published: January 2022

Many marine fish species are widely distributed over large areas. Failing to acknowledge that such species may be composed of distinct populations may result in overestimation of the stock's true harvest potential. To avoid overexploitation, ways to identify population structuring are therefore needed. In this study, we developed and applied a statistical approach to identify biologically relevant population boundaries for a widely distributed marine fish species, European sprat (Sprattus sprattus). Specifically, we compiled and standardized multiple trawl-survey data sets and used a range of statistical tools to assess whether the current management boundaries adequately account for potential population structuring. Our results demonstrate regional differences in spatial abundance patterns, temporal dynamics and population demographics. These findings are in line with recent genetic studies of sprat, indicating reproductive isolation between the Baltic Sea/Kattegat and a larger cluster containing the North-, Irish-, Celtic Sea, and Bay of Biscay. Since relying on routinely collected survey data, our statistical approach can be a cost-effective complement to population genetic methods for detecting population structuring. These can be used to guide spatial management efforts and ensure sustainable exploitation, especially under climate change and the expected changes in species distributions across current management borders.
The movements of yellowfin tuna, blue marlin, and sailfish within the Palau National Marine Sanctuary and the western Pacific Ocean
Authors: Filous Alexander , Friedlander Alan M , Toribiong Melvin , Lennox Robert J , Mereb Geory , Golbuu Yimnang
Published: January 2022

We used satellite tags to monitor the movements of yellowfin tuna, blue marlin, and sailfish in the Palau National Marine Sanctuary (PNMS) and provide a first look into their use of this large-scale marine protected area (LSMPA). Tagged fish ranged over a wide geographic area between 1°S to 17°N and 125 to 154°W. Both blue marlin and sailfish exhibited fidelity to the PNMS; however, they dispersed more than 1000 km before returning. The monitoring periods of yellowfin tuna were insufficient to evaluate their long-term movements, but their dispersal from Palau's EEZ occurred in all directions, up to distances of 2010 km. The space use of this pelagic species assemblage overlapped with two bodies of international waters, six EEZs, and the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission's management units seven and three of the western Pacific Ocean. Our results add to the knowledge base on the movements of pelagic species in the PNMS and highlight the need for additional research to determine the long-term movements of these species and the contribution of the PNMS to fisheries management in the western and central Pacific Ocean.
Re-thinking the “ecological envelope” of Eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua): conditions for productivity, reproduction, and feeding over time
Authors: Svedäng Henrik , Savchuk Oleg , Villnäs Anna , Norkko Alf , Gustafsson Bo G , Wikström Sofia A , Humborg Christoph
Published: January 2022

Hypoxia is presently seen as the principal driver behind the decline of the former dominating Eastern Baltic cod stock (EBC; Gadus morhua). It has been proposed that both worsening conditions for reproduction and lower individual growth, condition, and survival are linked to hypoxia. Here, we elucidate the ecological envelope of EBC in terms of salinity stratification, oxygen content, and benthic animal biomasses, and how it has affected EBC productivity over time. The spawning conditions started deteriorating in the Gotland Deep in the 1950s due to oxygen depletion. In contrast, in the Bornholm Basin, hydrographic conditions have remained unchanged over the last 60 years. Indeed, the current extent of both well-oxygenated areas and the frequency of hypoxia events do not differ substantially from periods with high EBC productivity in the 1970s–1980s. Furthermore, oxygenated and therefore potentially suitable feeding areas are abundant in all parts of the Baltic Sea, and our novel analysis provides no evidence of a reduction in benthic food sources for EBC over the last 30 years. We find that while reproduction failure is intricately linked to hydrographic dynamics, a relationship between the spread of hypoxia and the decline in EBC productivity during the last decades cannot be substantiated.
Column randomization and almost-isometric embeddings
Authors: Mendelson Shahar
Published: January 2022

The matrix $A:{{\mathbb{R}}}^n \to{{\mathbb{R}}}^m$ is $(\delta ,k)$-regular if for any $k$-sparse vector $x$, $$\begin{align*} & \left| \|Ax\|_2^2-\|x\|_2^2\right| \leq \delta \sqrt{k} \|x\|_2^2. \end{align*}$$We show that if $A$ is $(\delta ,k)$-regular for $1 \leq k \leq 1/\delta ^2$, then by multiplying the columns of $A$ by independent random signs, the resulting random ensemble $A_\varepsilon $ acts on an arbitrary subset $T \subset{{\mathbb{R}}}^n$ (almost) as if it were Gaussian, and with the optimal probability estimate: if $\ell _*(T)$ is the Gaussian mean-width of $T$ and $d_T=\sup _{t \in T} \|t\|_2$, then with probability at least $1-2\exp (-c(\ell _*(T)/d_T)^2)$, $$\begin{align*} & \sup_{t \in T} \left| \|A_\varepsilon t\|_2^2-\|t\|_2^2 \right| \leq C\left(\varLambda d_T \delta\ell_*(T)+(\delta \ell_*(T))^2 \right), \end{align*}$$where $\varLambda =\max \{1,\delta ^2\log (n\delta ^2)\}$. This estimate is optimal for $0<\delta \leq 1/\sqrt{\log n}$.
The international data governance landscape
Authors: Bernier Alexander , Molnár-Gábor Fruzsina , Knoppers Bartha Maria
Published: January 2022

As the adoption of digital health accelerates health research increasingly relies on large quantities of biomedical data. Research institutions scattered across a large number of jurisdictions collaborate in producing and analyzing biomedical big data. National data protection legislation, for its part, grows increasingly complex and localized. To respond to heterogeneous legal requirements arising in numerous jurisdictions, decentralized health consortia must develop scalable organizational and 6 technological arrangements that enable data flows across jurisdictional boundaries. In this article, proposals are made to enable health sector organisations to align established biomedical ethics process and data analysis practices to shifting data protection norms through both public law co-regulation, private law tools, and design-oriented approaches.
An unusual pigmented tonsil neoplasm presenting to Head & Neck Clinic: a case report and literature review of primary tonsillar malignant mucosal melanoma
Authors: Rae Pete J , Bates James E H M , Fraser Lisa R
Published: January 2022

Primary mucosal melanoma of the tonsil is rare, with 27 reported cases. Careful diagnosis is necessary, as the tonsil is more often a site of metastatic melanoma from a cutaneous primary tumour. In this report, we present a case of primary right tonsillar mucosal melanoma with widespread metastasis in a 31-year-old man who presented with a 3-month history of enlarging neck lumps. On examination, he had cervical lymphadenopathy and a pigmented, vascular lesion of his right tonsil, which was diagnosed as melanoma following investigation. He had widespread metastases upon presentation, and is currently undergoing palliative immunotherapy. Owing to the aggressive behaviour, late presentations and lack of effective treatment to cure mucosal melanomas, they have a poor prognosis. Treatment involves wide local excision in local disease, and immunotherapy as the first-line for metastatic disease.
Torsed ectopic intra-abdominal liver rest within an adolescent female
Authors: Smiley Kyle , Partrick David A , Corkum Kristine S , Derderian S Christopher
Published: January 2022

Extrahepatic liver (EL) rests are rare, with a reported annual incidence of 0.24–0.47. While reports often note EL incidentally found on pathologic specimens of aberrant tissue, there has been a case report of hepatocellular carcinoma arising from one of these rests, highlighting the importance of surgical resection. EL has been reported to cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, intraperitoneal bleeding and compression of adjacent organs. Most commonly, it has been identified in the gallbladder, likely due to proximity of the gallbladder to the native liver. The paucity of diagnostic tests makes the preoperative diagnosis challenging. We present a case of a 12-year-old female presenting with severe epigastric pain secondary to incapsulated EL tissue attached to the stomach via a narrow stalk. By describing this case, we hope to improve the diagnosis and management of abdominal masses with unclear etiology.
Unilateral aural atresia: a case report
Authors: Fourla Natalia V , Chrysikos Dimosthenis T , Makrypidis Konstantinos T , Memtsas Zacharias A , Protogerou Vasileios D , Karamanidi Maria G , Troupis Theodore T
Published: January 2022

Congenital aural atresia refers to abnormal embryological development of the external auditory canal. The treatment of this anatomical malformation is only surgical repair. This article reports a case of unilateral congenital aural atresia, the surgical procedure performed and the post-operative findings.
Navigating travel in Europe during the pandemic: from mobile apps, certificates and quarantine to traffic-light system
Authors: Blanford Justine I , Jong Nienke Beerlage-de , Schouten Stephanie E , Friedrich Alex W , Araújo-Soares Vera
Published: January 2022

Background

Ever since 2020, travelling has become complex, and increasingly so as the COVID-19 pandemic continues. To reopen Europe safely, a consensus of travel measures has been agreed between countries to enable movement between countries with as few restrictions as possible. However, communication of these travel measures and requirements for entry are not always clear and easily available. The aim of this study was to assess the availability, accessibility and harmonization of current travel information available in Europe.

Methods

We performed a systematic documental analysis of online publicly available information and synthesized travel entry requirements for all countries in the European Union and Schengen Area (N = 31). For each country we assessed entry requirements, actions after entry, how risk was assessed, and how accessible the information was.

Results

We found varying measures implemented across Europe for entry and a range of exemptions and restrictions, some of which were consistent between countries. Information was not always easy to find taking on average 10 clicks to locate. Twenty-one countries required pre-travel forms to be completed. Forty apps were in use, 11 serving as digital certification checkers. All countries required some form of COVID-19 certification for entry with some exemptions (e.g. children). Nineteen percent (n = 6) of countries used the ECDC risk assessment system; 80% (n = 25) defined their own. Forty-eight percent (n = 15) of countries used a traffic-light system with 2–5 risk classifications.

Conclusion

A comprehensive set of measures has been developed to enable continued safe travel in Europe. However further refinements and coordination is needed to align travel measures throughout the EU to minimize confusion and maximize adherence to requested measures. We recommend that, along with developing travel measures based on a common set of rules, a standard approach is taken to communicate what these measures are.
The spatial distribution of globular clusters in dwarf spheroidal galaxies and the timing problem
Authors: Sánchez-Salcedo F J , Lora V
Published: January 2022

The dynamical friction time-scale of massive globular clusters (GCs) in the inner regions of cuspy dark haloes in dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies can be much shorter than the Hubble time. This implies that a small fraction of the GCs is expected to be caught close to the centre of these galaxies. We compare the radial distribution of GCs predicted in simple Monte Carlo models with that of a sample of 38 spectroscopically confirmed GCs plus 17 GC candidates associated mainly with low-luminosity dSph galaxies. If dark matter haloes follow an NFW profile, the observed number of off-centre GCs at projected distances less than one-half the galaxy effective radius is significantly higher than the models predict. This timing problem can be viewed as a fine-tuning of the starting GC distances. As a result of the short sinking time-scale for GCs in the central regions, the radial distribution of GCs is expected to evolve significantly during the next 1–2 Gyr. However, dark matter haloes with cores of size comparable to the galaxy effective radii can lead to a slow orbital inspiral of GCs in the central regions of these galaxies, providing a simple solution to the timing problem. We also examine any indication of mass segregation in the summed distribution of our sample of GCs.
Three Gorges Dam: friend or foe of riverine greenhouse gases?
Authors: Ni Jinren , Wang Haizhen , Ma Tao , Huang Rong , Ciais Philippe , Li Zhe , Yue Yao , Chen Jinfeng , Li Bin , Wang Yuchun , Zheng Maosheng , Wang Ting , Borthwick Alistair G L
Published: January 2022

Dams are often regarded as greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters. However, our study indicated that the world's largest dam, the Three Gorges Dam (TGD), has caused significant drops in annual average emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O over 4300 km along the Yangtze River, accompanied by remarkable reductions in the annual export of CO2 (79%), CH4 (50%) and N2O (9%) to the sea. Since the commencement of its operation in 2003, the TGD has altered the carbonate equilibrium in the reservoir area, enhanced methanogenesis in the upstream, and restrained methanogenesis and denitrification via modifying anoxic habitats through long-distance scouring in the downstream. These findings suggest that ‘large-dam effects’ are far beyond our previous understanding spatiotemporally, which highlights the fundamental importance of whole-system budgeting of GHGs under the profound impacts of huge dams.
Risk Factors for Invasive Meningococcal Disease Belonging to a Novel Urethritis Clade of Neisseria meningitidis—United States, 2013–2017
Authors: Oliver Sara E , Retchless Adam C , Blain Amy E , McNamara Lucy A , Ahrabifard Susann , Farley Monica , Weiss Don , Zaremski Elizabeth , Wang Xin , Hariri Susan
Published: January 2022

We describe cases of invasive meningococcal disease caused by nongroupable Neisseria meningitidis belonging to a novel phylogenetic clade associated with urethritis. Seven cases were identified, comprising 0.6% of sequenced invasive meningococcal disease isolates from 2013 to 2017. Five patients had a known or likely immunocompromising condition, including 2 with a complement deficiency.
Nonstudent Young Men Put Students at High Risk of HIV Acquisition in Guangxi, China: A Phylogenetic Analysis of Surveillance Data
Authors: Jiang He , Lan Guanghua , Zhu Qiuying , Liang Shujia , Li Jianjun , Feng Yi , Lin Mei , Xing Hui , Shao Yiming
Published: January 2022

Background

We sought to identify students and their sexual partners in a molecular transmission network.

Methods

We obtained 5996 HIV protease and reverse transcriptase gene sequences in Guangxi (165 from students and 5831 from the general populations) and the relevant demographic data. We constructed a molecular transmission network and introduced a permutation test to assess the robust genetic linkages. We calculated the centrality measures to describe the transmission patterns in clusters.

Results

At the network level, 68 (41.2%) students fell within the network across 43 (8.1%) clusters. Of 141 genetic linkages between students and their partners, only 25 (17.7%) occurred within students. Students were more likely than random permutations to link to other students (odds ratio [OR], 7.2; P < .001), private company employees aged 16–24 years (OR, 3.3; P = .01), private company or government employees aged 25–49 years (OR, 1.7; P = .03), and freelancers or unemployed individuals aged 16–24 years (OR, 5.0; P < .001). At the cluster level, the median age of nonstudents directly linked to students (interquartile range) was 25 (22–30) years, and 80.3% of them had a high school or higher education background. Compared with students, they showed a significantly higher median degree (4.0 vs 2.0; P < .001) but an equivalent median Eigenvector Centrality (0.83 vs 0.81; P = .60).

Conclusions

The tendency of genetic linkage between students and nonstudent young men and their important position in the HIV transmission network emphasizes the urgent need for 2-pronged public health interventions based on both school and society.
Risk factors and predictors of violence: insights from the emergency department at a level 1 trauma center in the USA
Authors: El-Menyar Ayman , Goyal Priya , Samson David , Tilley Elizabeth , Gashi Saranda , Prabhakaran Kartik , Latifi Rifat
Published: January 2022

Background

This study aimed to assess the risk factors and predictors of violence among patients admitted to a Level 1 trauma center in a single institution.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who were admitted with a history of violence between 2012 and 2016.

Results

A total of 9855 trauma patients were admitted, of whom 746 (7.6%) had a history of violence prior to the index admission. Patients who had history of violence were younger and more likely to be males, Black, Hispanic and covered by low-income primary payer in comparison to non-assault trauma patients (P < 0.001 for all). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that covariate-adjusted predictors of violence were being Black, male having low-income primary payer, Asian, drug user, alcohol intoxicated and smoker.

Conclusions

Violence is a major problem among young age subjects with certain demographic, social and ethnic characteristics. Trauma centers should establish violence injury prevention programs for youth and diverse communities.
Warnings from the Grave: Necromancy, Talking Bones, and the Final Marvel of the Wonders of the East
Authors: Clements Jill Hamilton
Published: January 2022

This article examines the concluding entry in the early medieval catalogue of marvels known as Wonders of the East preserved in London, British Library, MS Cotton Tiberius B.v. The text relates the apocryphal story of two magician brothers associated with Pharaoh: Mambres conjures the soul of his dead brother Jamnes through opening the latter’s ‘magical books’ and the dead Jamnes then speaks a warning from hell about the inevitable doom awaiting Mambres. The accompanying full-page illustration, I argue, does not show the reanimated Jamnes in hell (as is frequently assumed), but instead represents Mambres teetering at the edge of an open pit wherein a hairy, green Satan reaches up toward him. While the text affirms the possibility of communing with the dead, the illustration denies and even warns against that possibility by showing Satan, rather than Jamnes, responding to Mambres’ necromancy. I argue that text and image negotiate two different homiletic traditions about the conjured dead, ultimately functioning as both a warning against practising magic and an admonition to prepare for death.
Measuring Unfair Inequality: Reconciling Equality of Opportunity and Freedom from Poverty
Authors: Hufe Paul , Kanbur Ravi , Peichl Andreas
Published: January 2022

Empirical evidence on distributional preferences shows that people do not judge inequality as problematic per se but that they take into account the fairness or unfairness of the outcome. This article conceptualizes a view of unfair inequality and introduces a new measure of inequality based on two widely held fairness principles: equality of opportunity and freedom from poverty. It develops a method for decomposing inequality and its trends into an unfair and a fair component. We provide two empirical applications of our measure. First, we analyse the development of inequality in the US from 1969 to 2014 from a fairness perspective. Second, we conduct a corresponding international comparison between the US and 31 European countries in 2010. Our results document that unfair inequality matches the well-documented inequality growth in the US since 1980. This trend is driven by decreases in social mobility, i.e., increasing importance of parental education and occupation for the income of their children. Among the 32 countries of our international comparison, the land of opportunity ranks among the most unfair societies in 2010.
Treating sleep and circadian problems to promote mental health: perspectives on comorbidity, implementation science and behavior change
Authors: Harvey Allison G
Published: January 2022

Insufficient sleep and mistimed sleep are prominent, yet under-appreciated and understudied, contributors to poor mental health and to mental disorders. The evidence that improving sleep and circadian functioning is an important pathway to mental health continues to mount. The goal of this paper is to highlight three major challenges ahead. Challenge 1 points to the possibility that comorbidity is the norm not the exception for the sleep and circadian disorders that are associated with mental disorders. Hence, the sleep and circadian problems experienced by people diagnosed with a mental disorder may not fit into the neat diagnostic categories of existing nosologies nor be adequately treated with single disorder approaches. The Sleep Health Framework and the Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C) are discussed as alternative approaches. Challenge 2 points to the large time lag between the development of a treatment and the availability of that treatment in routine clinical practice. This is a key reason for the emergence of implementation science, which is a flourishing, well-developed, and quickly moving field. There is an urgent need for more applications of implementation science within sleep and circadian science. Challenge 3 describes one of the greatest puzzles of our time—the need to unlock the fundamental elements of behavior change. There is potential to harness the science of behavior change to encourage widespread engagement in sleep health behavior and thereby reduce the staggering burden of sleep and circadian problems and the associated mental health problems.
Management of metastatic melanoma with new immunotherapy approaches beyond PD-1/CTLA-4 inhibitors
Authors: Devaux Alix , Baurain Jean-Francois
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review

If we may cure metastatic melanoma patients thanks to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), it is fair to say that around 2/3 of the patients present primary or secondary resistance to ICI. Therefore, progresses are needed and numerous new treatments are tested either alone or in combination with cytolytic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) or (PD)-1 blockade to overcome this resistance. In this review, we focused on new immunotherapeutic approaches studied in advanced melanoma previously treated by anti-PD-1 (Programmed cell Death 1 receptor) or anti-CTLA-4 antibodies.

Recent findings

The different approaches have been classified based on ‘the cancer immunity cycle’. These new strategies target either the T-cell priming and activation step, T-cell trafficking and tumor infiltration, or tumor antigen recognition by T-cell and tumor killing.

Most of these novel strategies are based on mAbs targeting T-cell inhibitory or stimulatory coreceptors. The second main focus is based on modifying the tumor micro-environment. Combination strategies seem promising in few patients and suggest that a deeper understanding of the resistance in individual patients is mandatory to go further.
Outcomes of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Keratitis After Clear Corneal Incision Phacoemulsification Surgery: A Case Series of 6 Eyes in South Florida
Authors: Chhaya Nisarg , Zhu Angela , Shaik Neha , Weiss Matthew , Miller Darlene , Tonk Rahul S. , Koo Ellen H.
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to present the successful management and outcomes in a series of 6 cases of culture-positive nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis after clear corneal incision phacoemulsification surgery.

Methods:

This is a case series of 6 consecutive eyes that presented at the Cornea Division at an academic institution, diagnosed with culture-positive nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis after phacoemulsification surgery.

Results:

Six eyes of 5 patients were included. The mean interval from cataract surgery to presentation was 7.7 weeks. All cases presented with intrastromal abscesses adjacent to corneal incisions, and 2 had scleral extension of the infection. Isolated organisms were Mycobacterium abscessus (n = 4), Mycobacterium chelonae (n = 1), and Mycobacterium mucogenicum (n = 1). All cases were treated with topical amikacin 8 mg/mL for 10.5 weeks on average. All cases received either oral clarithromycin at 500 mg twice-daily dosage or oral azithromycin at 500 mg daily. Two patients with scleral abscesses underwent surgical debridement with amniotic membrane grafts. All 6 eyes achieved infection resolution and good visual recovery, with the final visual acuity ranging from 20/20 to 20/60. None of the patients experienced recurrence of infection.

Conclusions:

Prompt medical treatment with combined topical and oral therapy can lead to infection resolution and favorable visual recovery. Early surgical intervention can ensure good outcomes in cases of scleral extension.
“Smoldering” Rejection of Keratolimbal Allograft
Authors: Gouvea Larissa , Slomovic Allan R. , Chan Clara C.
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to report a case of “smoldering” keratolimbal allograft (KLAL) rejection in a patient with subtherapeutic levels of systemic immunosuppression in temporal association with BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccination for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Methods:

This was a case report.

Observations:

A 72-year-old man presented with circumferential perilimbal engorgement, stagnation, and tortuosity of vessels with mild chemosis in his right eye KLAL segments 1 month after receiving the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine while his tacrolimus trough blood levels were subtherapeutic measuring <2 ng/mL. He had undergone KLAL 6.5 years before for total limbal stem cell deficiency from a chemical injury and had been stable without any history of rejection. The donor was blood type O, and the patient had no systemic comorbidities. The patient was treated with hourly difluprednate 0.05% and increasing of his oral tacrolimus dose to 2 mg twice a day with improvement of rejection signs.

Conclusions:

There may be a temporal association between KLAL rejection after immunization against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in patients with subtherapeutic levels of systemic immunosuppression. Patients should be on alert for any ocular signs or symptoms postimmunization and present for treatment immediately.
Five Cases of Corneal Graft Rejection After Recent COVID-19 Vaccinations and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Molero-Senosiain Mercedes , Houben Isabeau , Savant Shalom , Savant Vijay
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to report 5 cases of acute corneal graft rejection after COVID-19 vaccination and perform a review of the literature.

Methods:

This was a case series and review of literature dated on the October 10, 2021.

Results:

We describe 5 cases—2 patients with Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (for Fuchs endothelial dystrophy) who presented with acute corneal graft rejection after their first dose of mRNA (BNT162) vaccine. The other 3 patients who had penetrating keratoplasty performed more than 10 years ago for keratoconus presented with acute graft rejection—2 patients after their second dose of adenovirus vector (AZD1222) vaccine and 1 patient after first dose of mRNA (BNT162) vaccine. Three patients were not using any topical steroid treatment at the time of diagnosis of graft rejection. The mean duration between vaccination and onset of symptoms was 16.86 ± 6.96 days for the mRNA vaccine and 17 ± 11.89 days for the adenovirus vector vaccine.

Conclusions:

Corneal graft rejection has recently been reported after COVID-19 vaccination. Patients with keratoplasty need to be advised regarding the risk of corneal graft rejection and warning symptoms of rejection after COVID-19 vaccination. Seeking early referral to the emergency department and increasing topical steroids pre–COVID-19 and post–COVID-19 vaccination may reduce the risk of rejection.
Management of Irvine-Gass syndrome with a scleral intraocular lens
Authors: Noel Mathieu , Willermain Francois , Pion Bart
Published: January 2022

Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema is a common complication when placing an intraocular lens (IOL) in the sulcus (8%). The vitrectomy with implantation of a new scleral-fixated IOL with self-blocking plugs permits to resolve the chronic pseudophakic cystoid macular edema resulting from the implantation of a 3-piece acrylic IOL placed in the sulcus. This new type of IOL seems to have multiple potential advantages compared with glued IOL or iris-claw IOL in the management of Irvine-Gass syndrome secondary to the placement of IOL in the sulcus.
Individual and Work Factors Associated with Psychosocial Health of Registered Nurses During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Witkoski Stimpfel Amy , Ghazal Lauren , Goldsamt Lloyd , Vaughan Dickson Victoria
Published: January 2022

Objective

To describe the initial influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on U.S. nurses’ psychosocial health, and to identify factors associated with poor psychosocial health outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a convergent (QUAN+qual) mixed methods study. From June to August 2020, we administered surveys (N = 629) and conducted semi-structured interviews (N = 34) among nurses working across healthcare settings in 18 states. We developed separate multivariable logistic regression models for three psychosocial outcomes (anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia). We used content analysis to process and analyze qualitative data, and integrated results in the final analysis step.

Results

Nurses reported high rates of depressive symptoms (22%), anxiety (52%), and insomnia (55%). Disturbances to sleep were both a contributing factor to, and an outcome of, poor psychosocial health.

Conclusions

Evidence-based interventions addressing work stress and sleep, and proactive monitoring of nurses’ psychosocial health by employers are urgently needed.
Home Working Stress in the COVID-19 Crisis Era
Authors: Chen Zhisheng
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

This article explores the workplace stresses faced by home working (HW) employees in the COVID-19 outbreak; what strategies human resource manager (HRM) may deal with the present circumstances.

Design/ methodology/approach:

We refer to the views and perceptions of HRM and review the current state of stress faced by home-based workers and their responses through the lens of HRM.

Findings:

(1) The types as eustress, acute stress, and chronic stress and the stressors as work, family, and psychological were analyzed. (2) HW brought more adverse effects caused by work-related stress than benefits. (3) HRM can provide stress mitigation from job support, work-family balance, and psychological relief.

Originality/value:

By focusing on those employees who are most vulnerable to pandemic fatigue and work-related stress, HRM can build better organizations for all employees. HRM practices may consider measures related to job itself, family, or psychology to reduce the stress of HW under the COVID-19 crisis.
Cross-Sectional Study on Ethnic Differences in Occupational Injuries in Southern Israel—An Eight-Year Data analysis
Authors: Treister-Goltzman Yulia , Freud Tamar , Press Yan , Peleg Roni
Published: January 2022

Objective

To characterize and compare occupational injuries among population sectors in southern Israel and to evaluate their use of healthcare services and analgesic drugs.

Methods

Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Results

There were 100,000 occupational injuries among 70,037 insured individuals over the study period from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2016. There was a large increase in occupational traffic injuries over this period. Compared to the veteran Jewish population, Bedouin Arabs, new immigrants and foreign workers had significantly lower rates of use of ambulatory services and imaging tests (P < 0.001). Arabs had significantly higher odds for recurrent occupational injuries (OR = 1.29, P < 0.001), and being a new immigrant protected against recurrent injuries (OR = 0.70, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Medical staffs should invest greater effort into explaining the spectrum of diagnostic and treatment options for vulnerable groups as well as workers’ rights.
Psychosocial factors influencing distress among cancer patients in South India
Authors: Veeraiah Surendran , Kayser Karen , Sudhakar Revathy
Published: January 2022

Background:

The increase of cancer rates in India over the last decade has placed a significant psychosocial burden on patients and their families. To address the psychosocial issues, cancer centers in India have integrated psychosocial services into cancer care by routinely measuring the distress of patients and responding to their distress. In this study, we sought to determine the association between self-reported distress and patient demographic and clinical variables and awareness of their diagnosis and prognosis.

Methods:

The Department of Psycho-oncology conducted a cross-sectional, cohort study of patients who were being treated for a variety of cancers in a comprehensive cancer center in Chennai, India. Cancer patients (N = 2019) completed a standardized measure of distress and participated in a clinical interview during their admission to a ward or at the time of referral to psycho-oncology. The level of distress was measured by the NCCN Distress Thermometer and problem list. Chi-square tests were used to examine variations in overall distress. Multi-nominal logistic regression analyses were used to assess the level of patients’ reported distress as a function of clinical characteristics (stage of cancer, awareness of diagnosis and prognosis, physical symptoms).

Results:

The majority (60.3%) of the sample reported a moderate to high level of emotional distress. There were significant associations (P < .05) of younger age, awareness of diagnosis, prognosis, sleep issues, and physical pain with higher levels of distress. Patients who were aware of their diagnoses were more likely to report moderate (P < .01) or severe distress (P < .05) than those who were unaware. Patients who were aware of their prognoses were less likely to report moderate distress (P < .001) and severe distress (P < .001.

Implications for Practice and Research:

Given that a majority of patients rated at or above the clinical cut-off for distress, oncology centers in India need to provide training for professional psycho-oncology clinicians and incorporate psycho-oncology services to adequately address patients’ distress. Qualitative research may be needed to advance our understanding of specific social and cultural factors that may influence the psychosocial challenges faced by patients. Further investigation of patient distress related to diagnostic disclosure may be helpful in informing practice.
What influences parents to vaccinate (or not) their sons with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine: an examination of HPV vaccine decision-making changes over time
Authors: Zhu Patricia , Perez Samara , Griffin-Mathieu Gabrielle , Tatar Ovidiu , Rosberger Zeev
Published: January 2022

Background:

Most sexually active adults are infected with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in their lifetime and about 3800 Canadians are diagnosed each year with a HPV attributable cancer. Although highly effective HPV vaccines exist, the HPV is responsible for 4.5% of all cancers worldwide, that include cervical, anal, vaginal/vulvar, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers. The present HPV vaccine uptake rate for boys in Canada is well below the target set by the Canadian government. This study aimed to analyze the motives that influence a change in parents’ HPV vaccine-decision-making status for their sons over time.

Methods:

Data were collected using a web-based survey that measured knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors regarding HPV vaccination. Canadian parents of boys aged 9 to 12 completed the survey at baseline (T1) and in a follow-up survey 9 months later (T2). Parents’ decision stage regarding their son receiving the HPV vaccine was categorized using the Precaution Adoption Process Model: unaware, unengaged, undecided, decided not to vaccinate, decided to vaccinate, or vaccinated. Parents who moved stages from T1 to T2 responded to open-ended questions, and we used qualitative deductive and inductive methods to analyses data. In parallel, we used quantitative methods to analyses parents’ knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. Results of quantitative and qualitative analyses were compared and interpreted.

Results:

Of the 1427 parents who completed the survey at both T1 and T2, 118 parents moved to decided not to vaccinate, 125 moved to decided to vaccinate, and 9 to vaccinated. Qualitative analyses revealed that parents who moved to decided not to vaccinate their son indicated harms, knowledge, and general anti-vaccination attitudes as the top categories for vaccine nonacceptability. These parents also scored lower on HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge scales. Benefits, knowledge, and hearing positive opinions from health care professionals (HCPs) were the most commonly assigned categories for parents who moved to decided to vaccinate their sons.

Conclusions:

Highlighting the benefits of the vaccine, countering negative stories about the vaccine, and having HCPs provide strong recommendations are critical to increase HPV vaccine uptake in boys.
Uterine Tumor Resembling Ovarian Sex Cord Tumor With Aggressive Histologic Features Harboring a GREB1-NCOA2 Fusion: Case Report With a Brief Review
Authors: Yin Xiaona , Wang Min , He Huiying , Ru Guoqing , Zhao Ming
Published: January 2022

Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm, of uncertain lineage, that shows predominantly sex cord-like differentiation with a broad range of histologic appearances and polyphenotypic immunohistochemical features. Although generally having a favorable prognosis, a subset can recur/metastasize. Most recently, several studies of UTROSCT have described novel fusion genes involving ESR1 and GREB1 as the 5 partner, and NCOA1-3 as the 3 partner. Genotype and phenotype correlation has suggested that GREB1-rearranged tumors may have a higher tendency to behave aggressively. Herein, we report a UTROSCT with aggressive histologic features harboring a GREB1-NCOA2 fusion. A 51-yr-old woman presented with menometrorrhagia and progressive dysmenorrhea and was found to have a submucous uterine lesion by ultrasonography. Gross examination of the hysterectomy specimen showed an 8.5-cm, polypoid, soft, intracavitary mass. Histologic examination revealed a deeply invasive neoplasm composed of uniform round to plump spindle cells, arranged predominantly in diffuse sheets and fascicles and focally in anastomosing cords patterns. Groups of rhabdoid tumor cells were occasionally noted. Worrisome features, including increased mitotic figures (up to 3/10 high power fields), geographic necrosis, and lymphovascular invasion, were evident. Immunohistochemical analysis showed variable positivity for epithelial, smooth muscle, neuroendocrine, and sex cord markers, as well as hormone receptors. RNA sequencing revealed an in-frame fusion between exon 3 of GREB1 and exon 14 of NCOA2. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses confirmed rearrangements of both the GREB1 and NCOA2 loci. Our case lends further supports that GREB1-rearranged UTROSCTs frequently exhibit aggressive histological features with inconspicuous sex cord-like differentiation.
The science of money: Isaac Newton's mastering of the Mint
Authors: Marples Alice
Published: January 2022

This article uses the records at the Royal Mint to explore how Isaac Newton worked with metal beyond his alchemical and natural philosophical pursuits. It demonstrates how institutional paperwork can be used to think in new ways about the management of working resources as well as the relationship of material and mental practices across the linked urban worlds of state, science and finance. It reveals how Newton negotiated artisanal and administrative skills through a learned ‘practical objectivity’, unable to rely wholly upon his scientific reputation or mathematical ability when working with men and metals within a government department. Finally, it illuminates how Newton's activities at the Mint intersected and influenced a growing interest in the pursuit of scholarly antiquarianism as well as commercial geology, mining, metallurgy and metrology in the early eighteenth century.
A high-throughput assay for directly monitoring nucleolar rRNA biogenesis
Authors: Bryant Carson J. , McCool Mason A. , Abriola Laura , Surovtseva Yulia V. , Baserga Susan J.
Published: January 2022

Studies of the regulation of nucleolar function are critical for ascertaining clearer insights into the basic biological underpinnings of ribosome biogenesis (RB), and for future development of therapeutics to treat cancer and ribosomopathies. A number of high-throughput primary assays based on morphological alterations of the nucleolus can indirectly identify hits affecting RB. However, there is a need for a more direct high-throughput assay for a nucleolar function to further evaluate hits. Previous reports have monitored nucleolar rRNA biogenesis using 5-ethynyl uridine (5-EU) in low-throughput. We report a miniaturized, high-throughput 5-EU assay that enables specific calculation of nucleolar rRNA biogenesis inhibition, based on co-staining of the nucleolar protein fibrillarin (FBL). The assay uses two siRNA controls: a negative non-targeting siRNA control and a positive siRNA control targeting RNA Polymerase 1 (RNAP1;
POLR1A
), and specifically quantifies median 5-EU signal within nucleoli. Maximum nuclear 5-EU signal can also be used to monitor the effects of putative small-molecule inhibitors of RNAP1, like BMH-21, or other treatment conditions that cause FBL dispersion. We validate the 5-EU assay on 68 predominately nucleolar hits from a high-throughput primary screen, showing that 58/68 hits significantly inhibit nucleolar rRNA biogenesis. Our new method establishes direct quantification of nucleolar function in high-throughput, facilitating closer study of RB in health and disease.
A bioenergetics approach to understanding sex differences in the foraging behaviour of a sexually monomorphic species
Authors: Bennison Ashley , Giménez Joan , Quinn John L. , Green Jonathan A. , Jessopp Mark
Published: January 2022

Many animals show sexually divergent foraging behaviours reflecting different physiological constraints or energetic needs. We used a bioenergetics approach to examine sex differences in foraging behaviour of the sexually monomorphic northern gannet. We derived a relationship between dynamic body acceleration and energy expenditure to quantify the energetic cost of prey capture attempts (plunge dives). Fourteen gannets were tracked using GPS, time depth recorders (TDR) and accelerometers. All plunge dives in a foraging trip represented less than 4% of total energy expenditure, with no significant sex differences in expenditure. Despite females undertaking significantly more dives than males, this low energetic cost resulted in no sex differences in overall energy expenditure across a foraging trip. Bayesian stable isotope mixing models based on blood samples highlighted sex differences in diet; however, calorific intake from successful prey capture was estimated to be similar between sexes. Females experienced 10.28% higher energy demands, primarily due to unequal chick provisioning. Estimates show a minimum of 19% of dives have to be successful for females to meet their daily energy requirements, and 26% for males. Our analyses suggest northern gannets show sex differences in foraging behaviour primarily related to dive rate and success rather than the energetic cost of foraging or energetic content of prey.
Size matters: tissue size as a marker for a transition between reaction–diffusion regimes in spatio-temporal distribution of morphogens
Authors: Ceccarelli Alberto S. , Borges Augusto , Chara Osvaldo
Published: January 2022

The reaction–diffusion model constitutes one of the most influential mathematical models to study distribution of morphogens in tissues. Despite its widespread use, the effect of finite tissue size on model-predicted spatio-temporal morphogen distributions has not been completely elucidated. In this study, we analytically investigated the spatio-temporal distributions of morphogens predicted by a reaction–diffusion model in a finite one-dimensional domain, as a proxy for a biological tissue, and compared it with the solution of the infinite-domain model. We explored the reduced parameter, the tissue length in units of a characteristic reaction–diffusion length, and identified two reaction–diffusion regimes separated by a crossover tissue size estimated in approximately three characteristic reaction–diffusion lengths. While above this crossover the infinite-domain model constitutes a good approximation, it breaks below this crossover, whereas the finite-domain model faithfully describes the entire parameter space. We evaluated whether the infinite-domain model renders accurate estimations of diffusion coefficients when fitted to finite spatial profiles, a procedure typically followed in fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments. We found that the infinite-domain model overestimates diffusion coefficients when the domain is smaller than the crossover tissue size. Thus, the crossover tissue size may be instrumental in selecting the suitable reaction–diffusion model to study tissue morphogenesis.
Priming third-party social exclusion does not elicit children's inclusion of out-group members
Authors: Stengelin R. , Toppe T. , Kansal S. , Tietz L. , Sürer G. , Henderson A. M. E. , Haun D. B. M.
Published: January 2022

This study investigates how culture and priming 3- to 7-year-old children (
N
= 186) with third-party social exclusion affects their subsequent inclusion of out-group members. Children in societies that tend to value social independence (Germany, New Zealand) and interdependence (Northern Cyprus) were randomly assigned to minimal groups. Next, they watched video stimuli depicting third-party social exclusion (exclusion condition) or neutral content (control condition). We assessed children's recognition of the social exclusion expressed in the priming videos and their understanding of the emotional consequences thereof. We furthermore assessed children's inclusion behaviour in a ball-tossing game in which participants could include an out-group agent into an in-group interplay. Children across societies detected third-party social exclusion and ascribed lower mood to excluded than non-excluded protagonists. Children from Germany and New Zealand were more likely to include the out-group agent into the in-group interaction than children from Northern Cyprus. Children's social inclusion remained unaffected by their exposure to third-party social exclusion primes. These results suggest that children from diverse societies recognize social exclusion and correctly forecast its negative emotional consequences, but raise doubt on the notion that social exclusion exposure affects subsequent social inclusion.