bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptual relations in the semantic domain of Swedish dimensional adjectives
Authors: Shimotori Misuzu
Published: October 2016

In the conventional study of lexical semantics, adjectives are not considered likely to have a hierarchical relation, such as a meronymic (part-whole) relation, to each other. The most possible lexical relations among adjectives are antonymy and synonymy. In this study, however, I assume that meronomic relations between internal members of dimensional adjectives (e. g. big, long, deep) are conceptually possible from an ontological point of view. By using a semantic task, i. e. anaphora resolution, I draw the following conclusion: dimensional adjectives themselves have no meronymic relation to each other. However, restricting our discussion to the usage of Swedish dimensional adjectives in modifying concrete entities, the conceptual relations between the general term, e. g. BIG,1

I use capital letters to indicate concepts throughout this essay. Lexical items are written in italics.

and specific terms, e. g. LONG, DEEP, are mentally organized in a part-whole relation and thus in a meronomic structure. When applied to the whole expression which is a concept of a big entity, such as BIG CUP, there are meronomic relations between concepts of the big entity and its parts, e. g. BIG CUP – DEEP CUP.
Rapid and High Aspect Ratio Micro-hole Drilling With Multiple Micro-Second Pulses Using a CW Single-Mode Fiber Laser
Authors: Tu Jay , Lehman Ted , Reeves Nicolas
Published: October 2016

Laser drilling is an important industrial process for the production of various sizes of holes. In this paper, we investigate rapid, high aspect ratio microhole drilling using multiple microsecond pulses based on the single pulse drilling technique reported in [17, 18]. It was established that there would be a synergistic effect if a subsequent pulse is irradiated at the target within 100 μs of the previous pulse before the melt solidifies. However, the peak power values of subsequent pulses decrease with higher repetition rates. The results show that the synergistic effect could outweigh the reduction in laser power. Another contributing factor of the synergistic effect is related to the melt ejection efficiency. As the hole deepens, the melt ejection becomes less effective to eject the melt completely out of the hole, resulting in a partially blocked hole. A subsequent laser pulse needs to reopen the hole before the hole can be deepened further. To overcome this hole blocking problem, shooting a subsequent pulse at a higher repetition rate also ensures that the energy absorption is more efficient when a subsequent laser pulse is irradiating at the hole blocking melt which is not yet solidified. This multiple-pulse drilling techniquewas applied for through-hole drilling. It was found that the total drilling times through an 800 μm plate were found to be 634 ms and 21.9 ms at 13 kHz and 20 kHz, respectively. The drilling efficiency at the 20 kHz repetition rate is drastically higher, needing only 428 shots, compared with 8240 shots at the 13 kHz, an improvement of nearly 200 times. It is confirmed that this multiple-pulse drilling technique with microsecond pulses using a 300Wsingle mode fiber laser is a viable technique to produce high aspect ratio through holes with a simple and robust setup for the production environment.
Gaseous Hydrocarbon Synfuels from Renewable Electricity via H2/CO2-Flexibility of Fixed-Bed Catalytic Reactors
Authors: Iglesias Gonzalez Maria , Schaub Georg
Published: October 2016

The increased generation of renewable electricity (wind, solar), due to its fluctuating characteristic, leads to an increasing storage demand. A potential storage technology is the conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy (e.g. in form of gaseous hydrocarbons), which can be easily stored and distributed in an existing natural gas grid. CO2 is the C-source of choice, from biogas plants or industrial processes, making possible the production and use of C-based fuels without increasing the CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. The combination of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and CO2 shift reaction, using iron-based catalyst, offers the possibility to produce substitute natural gas (SNG) components from CO2. Due to the fluctuating nature of hydrogen production from renewable electrical energy, advantages can be identified if the chemical reactor is operated under variable load conditions. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the flexibility of a catalytic synthesis reactor as a potential component in a future energy system with a high contribution of renewable energy. The hydrogenation of CO2 to gaseous components is studied in a fixed-bed lab-scale reactor to determine kinetic parameters and hydrocarbon product distribution. Results from the experimental work are implemented in the mathematical model and are the basis for the conceptual design of the catalytic fixed-bed reactor able to operate under variable load conditions.
Engaging with T.S. Eliot: Four Quartets as a Multimedia Performance
Authors: Röder Katrin
Published: October 2016

This article explores a recent performance of excerpts from T.S. Eliot’s Four Quartets (1935/36–1942) entitled Engaging Eliot: Four Quartets in Word, Color, and Sound as an example of live poetry. In this context, Eliot’s poem can be analysed as an auditory artefact that interacts strongly with other oral performances (welcome addresses and artists’ conversations), as well as with the musical performance of Christopher Theofanidis’s quintet “At the Still Point” at the end of the opening of Engaging Eliot. The event served as an introduction to a 13-day art exhibition and engaged in a re-evaluation of Eliot’s poem after 9/11: while its first part emphasises the connection between Eliot’s poem and Christian doctrine, its second part – especially the combination of poetry reading and musical performance – highlights the philosophical and spiritual dimensions of Four Quartets.
Popular Songs, Poetry, and Performance: Observations on an On-going Debate
Authors: Herbe Sarah
Published: October 2016

This article revisits critical explorations of the question whether popular songs should be regarded as poetry or not and will explore the concepts of poetry that inform these discussions, with a special focus on the importance critics place on the aspect of performance in their attempts to either distinguish between songs and poetry or to (re-)align them. It will be shown that whether critics stress the differences or the similarities between poetry and popular songs does not only rest on their respective ideas of poetry, but also on their disciplinary agenda. The importance of the aspect of performance in popular songs, it is argued, can be illustrated by their ‘coverability,’ which will be briefly illustrated with the help of an analysis of a recent example of a cover version where the lyrics stay the same as in the original, whereas the overall effect is radically changed due to a transformed musical and vocal performance.
‘I wanna be a Rock Star!’ Lyrical Communication in Self-Referential Rock Songs
Authors: Fischer Pascal
Published: October 2016

The article uses insights into lyrical communication for an analysis of the lyrics of three popular rock songs: Dire Straits’ “Money for Nothing” (1985), AC/DC’s “Rock ‘N’ Roll Singer” (1975), and Nickelback’s “Rockstar” (2005). It explains how these songs about the figure of the rock star involve the careful listener in speculation about the relationship between the text-internal speaker, the singer (or performer), and the author. The discussion about the identity of the ‘I’ in the songs includes the possibility of a ‘mental appropriation’ by the audience. Showing the relevance of extra-textual factors for the message of these songs, the study also argues for a re-evaluation of the concept of the implied author.
A Direct Comparison of N400 Effects of Predictability and Incongruity in Adjective-Noun Combination
Authors: Lau Ellen F. , Namyst Anna , Fogel Allison , Delgado Tania
Published: October 2016

Previous work has shown that the N400 ERP component is elicited by all words, whether presented in isolation or in structured contexts, and that its amplitude is modulated by semantic association and contextual predictability. What is less clear is the extent to which the N400 response is modulated by semantic incongruity when predictability is held constant. In the current study we examine N400 modulation associated with independent manipulations of predictability and congruity in an adjective-noun paradigm that allows us to precisely control predictability through corpus counts. Our results demonstrate small N400 effects of semantic congruity (yellow bag vs. innocent bag), and much more robust N400 effects of predictability (runny nose vs. dainty nose) under the same conditions. These data argue against unitary N400 theories according to which N400 effects of both predictability and incongruity reflect a common process such as degree of integration difficulty, as large N400 effects of predictability were observed in the absence of large N400 effects of incongruity. However, the data are consistent with some versions of unitary ‘facilitated access’ N400 theories, as well as multiple-generator accounts according to which the N400 can be independently modulated by facilitated conceptual/lexical access (as with predictability) and integration difficulty (as with incongruity, perhaps to a greater extent in full sentential contexts).
Arab and Black Feminisms
Authors: Naber Nadine
Published: October 2016

This essay explores the conditions out of which a diasporic anti-imperialist Arab feminist group came into alignment with the Women of Color Resource Center. It focuses on the history and leaders of the Women of Color Resource Center and its roots in the 1960s and 1970s people of color and women of color based movements in the United States in order to map alliances among black feminist thought, radical women of color movements, and Palestinian de-colonization then and now.
The Shape of Angels' Teeth
Authors: Bey Marquis
Published: October 2016

This essay argues for a productive alliance between trans feminism, trans studies, and black feminist thought (BFT) to articulate a black feminist mode of activism that takes seriously the epistemologies of black trans women. Ultimately this essay critiques BFT's cisgender normativity and offers a more inclusive imagining of BFT, referred to as blacktransfeminist thought (BTFT). To illustrate the scholarly significance of BTFT, I draw upon the ontological invalidation of black trans lives in the #BlackLivesMatter movement. #BlackLivesMatter is situated as (1) an exemplar of how black transgender women are commonly excluded from activist discourses, and (2) an opportunity to theorize the utility of BTFT as it relates to racialized gender variant lives and deaths.
Screen Test
Authors: Fischer Lucy
Published: October 2016

The Hollywood star system developed in the early decades of the twentieth century, and with it came notions of celebrity and tales of how performers rose to fame. In the same period, several American films self-reflexively devised narratives concerning young women venturing to “filmland” to break into the movies—echoing the real-life situation of the epoch's “movie-struck girls.” Taking a gendered approach, this text examines Mabel's Dramatic Career (1913), A Girl's Folly (1917), The Extra Girl (1923), Souls for Sale (1923), Ella Cinders (1926), and Show People (1928), interrogating the films’ portrayal of the female ingenue and focusing on such dichotomies as talent versus luck, career versus marriage, scandal versus propriety, city versus country, beauty versus plainness, and more. It investigates movie magazines and press of the era, highlighting how they presented the actresses in these films—Mabel Normand, Marion Davies, Eleanor Boardman, Colleen Moore, and Doris Kenyon—to the public, making connections to similar issues in the movies.
The Selective Maintenance of Allelic Variation Under Generalized Dominance
Authors: Spencer Hamish G , Mitchell Cuilodair
Published: October 2016

Simple models of viability selection acting on variation at a single diploid locus only maintain multiple alleles for very restricted sets of fitnesses. Most of these models assume that fitnesses are independent, even if the genotypes share alleles. Here, we extend this result to a model with generalized dominance interactions, in which fitnesses are strongly affected by what we call the “primary effects” of the genotype’s component alleles, so that genotypes with shared alleles have correlated fitnesses. Nevertheless, in keeping with previously reported results, we also show that such fitness sets are easily constructed over time if recurrent mutation is occurring simultaneously. We find that such models maintain less variation over time than do (previous) models with independently sampled fitnesses, especially when the effects of genetic drift are taken into account. We also show that there is a weak tendency for greater weighting of primary effects to evolve over time.
Epigenetic Control of Phenotypic Plasticity in the Filamentous Fungus Neurospora crassa
Authors: Kronholm Ilkka , Johannesson Hanna , Ketola Tarmo
Published: October 2016

Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a genotype to produce different phenotypes under different environmental or developmental conditions. Phenotypic plasticity is a ubiquitous feature of living organisms, and is typically based on variable patterns of gene expression. However, the mechanisms by which gene expression is influenced and regulated during plastic responses are poorly understood in most organisms. While modifications to DNA and histone proteins have been implicated as likely candidates for generating and regulating phenotypic plasticity, specific details of each modification and its mode of operation have remained largely unknown. In this study, we investigated how epigenetic mechanisms affect phenotypic plasticity in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. By measuring reaction norms of strains that are deficient in one of several key physiological processes, we show that epigenetic mechanisms play a role in homeostasis and phenotypic plasticity of the fungus across a range of controlled environments. In general, effects on plasticity are specific to an environment and mechanism, indicating that epigenetic regulation is context dependent and is not governed by general plasticity genes. Specifically, we found that, in Neurospora, histone methylation at H3K36 affected plastic response to high temperatures, H3K4 methylation affected plastic response to pH, but H3K27 methylation had no effect. Similarly, DNA methylation had only a small effect in response to sucrose. Histone deacetylation mainly decreased reaction norm elevation, as did genes involved in histone demethylation and acetylation. In contrast, the RNA interference pathway was involved in plastic responses to multiple environments.
Genome Sequencing of Chromosome 1 Substitution Lines Derived from Chinese Wild Mice Revealed a Unique Resource for Genetic Studies of Complex Traits
Authors: Xu Fuyi , Chao Tianzhu , Liang Yingming , Li Kai , Hu Shixian , Wang Maochun , Zhou Yuxun , Xu Hongyan , Xiao Junhua
Published: October 2016

Mouse resources such as Collaborative Cross, outbred stocks, Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel, and chromosome substitution strains have been instrumental to many progresses in the studies of complex traits genetics. We have established a population of chromosome 1 (Chr 1) substitution lines (C1SLs) in which donor chromosomes were derived from Chinese wild mice. Genome sequencing of 18 lines of this population showed that Chr 1 had been replaced by the donor chromosome. About 4.5 million unique single nucleotide polymorphisms and indels were discovered on Chr 1, of which 1.3 million were novel. Compared with sequenced classical inbred strains, Chr 1 of each C1SL had fivefold more variants, and more loss of function and potentially regulatory variants. Further haplotype analysis showed that the donor chromosome accumulated more historical recombination events, with the largest haplotype block being only 100 kb, and about 57% of the blocks were <1 kb. Subspecies origin analysis showed that these chromosomes had a mosaic genome structure that dominantly originated from Mus musculus musculus and M. m. castaneus subspecies, except for the C57BL/6J-Chr1KM line from M. m. domesticus. In addition, phenotyping four of these lines on blood biochemistry suggested that there were substantial phenotypic variations among our lines, especially line C57BL/6J-Chr1HZ and donor strain C57BL/6J. Further gene ontology enrichment revealed that the differentially expressed genes among liver-expressed genes between C57BL/6J and C57BL/6J-Chr1HZ were enriched in lipid metabolism biological processes. All these characteristics enable C1SLs to be a unique resource for identifying and fine mapping quantitative trait loci on mouse Chr 1, and carrying out systems genetics studies of complex traits.
Effect of Two Lipoprotein (a)-Associated Genetic Variants on Plasminogen Levels and Fibrinolysis
Authors: Wang Hong , Hong Chan E , Lewis Joshua P , Zhu Yanbei , Wang Xing , Chu Xin , Backman Joshua , Hu Ziying , Yang Peixin , Still Christopher D , Gerhard Glenn S , Fu Mao
Published: October 2016

Two genetic variants (rs3798220 and rs10455872) in the apolipoprotein (a) gene (LPA) have been implicated in cardiovascular disease (CVD), presumably through their association with lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels. While Lp(a) is recognized as a lipoprotein with atherogenic and thrombogenic characteristics, it is unclear whether or not the two Lp(a)-associated genetic variants are also associated with markers of thrombosis (i.e., plasminogen levels and fibrinolysis). In the present study, we genotyped the two genetic variants in 2919 subjects of the Old Order Amish (OOA) and recruited 146 subjects according to the carrier and noncarrier status for rs3798220 and rs10455872, and also matched for gender and age. We measured plasma Lp(a) and plasminogen levels in these subjects, and found that the concentrations of plasma Lp(a) were 2.62- and 1.73-fold higher in minor allele carriers of rs3798220 and rs10455872, respectively, compared with noncarriers (P = 2.04 × 10−17 and P = 1.64 × 10−6, respectively). By contrast, there was no difference in plasminogen concentrations between carriers and noncarriers of rs3798220 and rs10455872. Furthermore, we observed no association between carrier status of rs3798220 or rs10455872 with clot lysis time. Finally, plasminogen mRNA expression in liver samples derived from 76 Caucasian subjects was not significantly different between carriers and noncarriers of these two genetic variants. Our results provide further insight into the mechanism of action behind two genetic variants previously implicated in CVD risk and show that these polymorphisms are not major modulating factors for plasma plasminogen levels and fibrinolysis.
Temporal Expression of a Master Regulator Drives Synchronous Sporulation in Budding Yeast
Authors: Chia Minghao , van Werven Folkert J
Published: October 2016

Yeast cells enter and undergo gametogenesis relatively asynchronously, making it technically challenging to perform stage-specific genomic and biochemical analyses. Cell-to-cell variation in the expression of the master regulator of entry into sporulation, IME1, has been implicated to be the underlying cause of asynchronous sporulation. Here, we find that timing of IME1 expression is of critical importance for inducing cells to undergo sporulation synchronously. When we force expression of IME1 from an inducible promoter in cells incubated in sporulation medium for 2 hr, the vast majority of cells exhibit synchrony during premeiotic DNA replication and meiotic divisions. Inducing IME1 expression too early or too late affects the synchrony of sporulation. Surprisingly, our approach for synchronous sporulation does not require growth in acetate-containing medium, but can be achieved in cells grown in rich medium until saturation. Our system requires solely IME1, because the expression of the N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase IME4, another key regulator of early sporulation, is controlled by IME1 itself. The approach described here can be combined easily with other stage-specific synchronization methods, and thereby applied to study specific stages of sporulation, or the complete sporulation program.
On Robust Association Testing for Quantitative Traits and Rare Variants
Authors: Wei Peng , Cao Ying , Zhang Yiwei , Xu Zhiyuan , Kwak Il-Youp , Boerwinkle Eric , Pan Wei
Published: October 2016

With the advance of sequencing technologies, it has become a routine practice to test for association between a quantitative trait and a set of rare variants (RVs). While a number of RV association tests have been proposed, there is a dearth of studies on the robustness of RV association testing for nonnormal distributed traits, e.g., due to skewness, which is ubiquitous in cohort studies. By extensive simulations, we demonstrate that commonly used RV tests, including sequence kernel association test (SKAT) and optimal unified SKAT (SKAT-O), are not robust to heavy-tailed or right-skewed trait distributions with inflated type I error rates; in contrast, the adaptive sum of powered score (aSPU) test is much more robust. Here we further propose a robust version of the aSPU test, called aSPUr. We conduct extensive simulations to evaluate the power of the tests, finding that for a larger number of RVs, aSPU is often more powerful than SKAT and SKAT-O, owing to its high data-adaptivity. We also compare different tests by conducting association analysis of triglyceride levels using the NHLBI ESP whole-exome sequencing data. The QQ plots for SKAT and SKAT-O were severely inflated (λ = 1.89 and 1.78, respectively), while those for aSPU and aSPUr behaved normally. Due to its relatively high robustness to outliers and high power of the aSPU test, we recommend its use complementary to SKAT and SKAT-O. If there is evidence of inflated type I error rate from the aSPU test, we would recommend the use of the more robust, but less powerful, aSPUr test.
Diversity Outbred Mice at 21: Maintaining Allelic Variation in the Face of Selection
Authors: Chesler Elissa J , Gatti Daniel M , Morgan Andrew P , Strobel Marge , Trepanier Laura , Oberbeck Denesa , McWeeney Shannon , Hitzemann Robert , Ferris Martin , McMullan Rachel , Clayshultle Amelia , Bell Timothy A , de Villena Fernando Pardo-Manuel , Churchill Gary A
Published: October 2016

Multi-parent populations (MPPs) capture and maintain the genetic diversity from multiple inbred founder strains to provide a resource for high-resolution genetic mapping through the accumulation of recombination events over many generations. Breeding designs that maintain a large effective population size with randomized assignment of breeders at each generation can minimize the impact of selection, inbreeding, and genetic drift on allele frequencies. Small deviations from expected allele frequencies will have little effect on the power and precision of genetic analysis, but a major distortion could result in reduced power and loss of important functional alleles. We detected strong transmission ratio distortion in the Diversity Outbred (DO) mouse population on chromosome 2, caused by meiotic drive favoring transmission of the WSB/EiJ allele at the R2d2 locus. The distorted region harbors thousands of polymorphisms derived from the seven non-WSB founder strains and many of these would be lost if the sweep was allowed to continue. To ensure the utility of the DO population to study genetic variation on chromosome 2, we performed an artificial selection against WSB/EiJ alleles at the R2d2 locus. Here, we report that we have purged the WSB/EiJ allele from the drive locus while preserving WSB/EiJ alleles in the flanking regions. We observed minimal disruption to allele frequencies across the rest of the autosomal genome. However, there was a shift in haplotype frequencies of the mitochondrial genome and an increase in the rate of an unusual sex chromosome aneuploidy. The DO population has been restored to genome-wide utility for genetic analysis, but our experience underscores that vigilant monitoring of similar genetic resource populations is needed to ensure their long-term utility.
X Chromosome Crossover Formation and Genome Stability inCaenorhabditis elegansAre Independently Regulated byxnd-1
Authors: McClendon T Brooke , Mainpal Rana , Amrit Francis R G , Krause Michael W , Ghazi Arjumand , Yanowitz Judith L
Published: October 2016

The germ line efficiently combats numerous genotoxic insults to ensure the high fidelity propagation of unaltered genomic information across generations. Yet, germ cells in most metazoans also intentionally create double-strand breaks (DSBs) to promote DNA exchange between parental chromosomes, a process known as crossing over. Homologous recombination is employed in the repair of both genotoxic lesions and programmed DSBs, and many of the core DNA repair proteins function in both processes. In addition, DNA repair efficiency and crossover (CO) distribution are both influenced by local and global differences in chromatin structure, yet the interplay between chromatin structure, genome integrity, and meiotic fidelity is still poorly understood. We have used the xnd-1 mutant of Caenorhabditis elegans to explore the relationship between genome integrity and crossover formation. Known for its role in ensuring X chromosome CO formation and germ line development, we show that xnd-1 also regulates genome stability. xnd-1 mutants exhibited a mortal germ line, high embryonic lethality, high incidence of males, and sensitivity to ionizing radiation. We discovered that a hypomorphic allele of mys-1 suppressed these genome instability phenotypes of xnd-1, but did not suppress the CO defects, suggesting it serves as a separation-of-function allele. mys-1 encodes a histone acetyltransferase, whose homolog Tip60 acetylates H2AK5, a histone mark associated with transcriptional activation that is increased in xnd-1 mutant germ lines, raising the possibility that thresholds of H2AK5ac may differentially influence distinct germ line repair events. We also show that xnd-1 regulated him-5 transcriptionally, independently of mys-1, and that ectopic expression of him-5 suppressed the CO defects of xnd-1. Our work provides xnd-1 as a model in which to study the link between chromatin factors, gene expression, and genome stability.
A 5-Year-Old With Fever, Headache, Neck Stiffness, and Leg Pain
Authors: Solano Joy , Winningham Grace , Al Zubeidi Duha , Myers Angela
Published: October 2016

A 5-year-old boy presented with fever, headache, fatigue, neck stiffness, and 2 episodes of nocturnal urinary incontinence, prompting a visit to the emergency department. He had experienced intermittent frontal headaches and leg and buttock pain for several months, which had worsened over the previous 2 weeks. His history was notable for a spinal hemangioma with vascular tract, but he was otherwise healthy. On examination, he was febrile and tachycardic. He held his neck slightly rotated to the right with limited range of motion in all directions due to pain. No focal neurologic deficits were noted, and sensation and deep tendon reflexes were intact bilaterally. He was able to bear weight on both legs. There was no spinal tenderness or limitation in range of motion of his back and hips. There were no cutaneous manifestations, including no sacral dimple. A complete blood count with differential revealed leukocytosis of 31.98 × 103/µL (78.6% neutrophils, 16% bands). C-reactive protein was elevated at 2.4 mg/dL (0–1 mg/dL), and serum electrolytes, liver function tests, uric acid, and lactate dehydrogenase were within normal limits for age. Blood cultures were obtained before admission. Here we present his case, diagnostic evaluation, ultimate diagnosis, and complications.
ANAFILAKSIJOS DAŽNIS, RIZIKOS VEIKSNIAI IR DIAGNOSTIKA
Authors: Blažienė Audra , Buterlevičiūtė Neringa , Linauskienė Kotryna , Paltarackienė Viktorija
Published: October 2016

Reikšminiai žodžiai: anafilaksija, anafilaksijos klinikiniai kriterijai, diagnostika, pirmoji pagalba, adrenalinas. Anafilaksija yra ūmi gyvybei grėsminga sisteminė padidėjusio jautrumo reakcija. Ji pasireiškia labai įvairiais simptomais ir požymiais. Anafilaksija turėtų būti diagnozuojama remiantis Pasaulio alergijos organizacijos nustatytais klinikiniais kriterijais. Darbo tikslas. Nustatyti anafilaksinių reakcijų, kurios atitinka anafilaksijos klinikinius kriterijus, dažnį, įvertinti pagrindines priežastis, klinikinį pasireiškimą ir skiriamą gydymą. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Retrospektyvinio tyrimo metu buvo analizuota per trejus metus (2009–2012) Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santariškių klinikų Pulmonologijos ir alergologijos centre dėl anafilaksinės reakcijos skubiai hospitalizuotų pacientų medicininė dokumentacija. Į tyrimą įtraukti pacientai, kurių anafilaksijos diagnozė atitiko klinikinius anafilaksijos kriterijus. Rezultatai. Dėl anafilaksinės reakcijos, atitinkančios klinikinius anafilaksijos kriterijus, gydyta 70 pacientų. Vidutinis amžius – 47,31 ± 17,63 (20–83) metų. 22 (31,43 proc.) anafilaksijos atvejai atitiko pirmąjį kriterijų anafilaksijai diagnozuoti, 38 (54,29 proc.) – antrąjį kriterijų, 10 (14,29 proc.) – trečiąjį kriterijų. Dažniausi buvo kardiovaskuliniai bei odos ir gleivinių simptomai (atitinkamai 91,4 proc. ir 84,3 proc.). Dažniausiai įtartos anafilaksijos priežastys – vaistai (26 (37,1 proc.) pacientams) bei plėviasparnių vabzdžių įgėlimai (18 (25,7 proc.) pacientų). Neatidėliotiną pagalbą gydant anafilaksiją dažniausiai suteikė greitosios medicinos pagalbos darbuotojai (52 (74,3 proc.) pacientams). Adrenalinas buvo skirtas 47 (67,1 proc.) pacientams. 24 (34,3 proc.) pacientai dėl anafilaksinės reakcijos buvo gydyti reanimacijos ir intensyviosios terapijos skyriuje. Išvados. Tirtiems pacientams anafilaksija dažniausiai pasireiškė kardiovaskulinės sistemos simptomais. Dažniausiai įtarta anafilaksijos priežastis buvo vaistai ir plėviasparnių vabzdžių įgėlimai. Trečdalis pacientų buvo gydyti reanimacijos ir intensyviosios terapijos skyriuje. Adrenalinas buvo skirtas tik dviem trečdaliams pacientų.
MIKROSKOPINIS POLIANGITAS. KLINIKINIS ATVEJIS
Authors: Mažeikaitė Ieva , Kumžaitė Gintarė , Povilėnaitė Danutė
Published: October 2016

Reikšminiai žodžiai: mikroskopinis poliangitas, ANCA, aortos aneurizma, širdies tamponada. Pristatome klinikinį atvejį 68 m. moters, kuri pirmą kartą kreipėsi į gydytojus 2003 m. dėl nepastovių, migruojančių sąnarių skausmų. 2008 m. dėl inkstų funkcijos sutrikimo atlikta biopsija, nustatytas židininis pusmėnulinis sklerozuojantis glomerulonefritas, asocijuotas su antineutrofilinių citoplazminių antikūnų (angl. antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies) buvimu. Diagnozuotas mikroskopinis poliangitas, paskirta prednizolono ir ciklofosfamido pulsterapija. Praėjus keturiems mėnesiams po prednizolono nutraukimo, atsirado plaštakų ir kelių sąnarių skausmai. Skirtas gydymas prednizolonu, azatioprinu, fosinopriliu (hipertenzijos korekcijai), vaistų dozės buvo koreguojamos atsižvelgiant į ligos eigą ir inkstų funkcijos rodiklius. 2014 m. diagnozuota antrinė sensomotorinė distalinė galūnių polineuropatija. 2015-05-10 pacientė kreipėsi dėl stiprių nugaros skausmų, kurie prasidėjo prieš 3 mėnesius. Įtarus aortos aneurizmą, atlikta krūtinės ląstos kompiuterinės tomografijos angiografija, nustatyta aortos kylančiosios dalies aneurizma be disekacijos požymių ir daugybiniai kompresiniai slankstelių lūžiai (krūtininiai 6–10, 12). Dėl sunkios būklės kardiochirurginė intervencija kontraindikuotina. 2015-05-11 diagnozuotas galvos smegenų infarktas, somnolencija, lengva tetraparezė. 2015-06-04 nustatyta kairės kojos ūminė giliųjų venų trombozė. 2015- 06-23 plyšo kylančiosios aortos aneurizma, susidarė hemoperikardas ir išsivystė širdies tamponada, gaivinimo priemonės neefektyvios – konstatuota pacientės mirtis. Šiame straipsnyje pateikiame klinikinio atvejo analizę – pacientės, sergančios mikroskopiniu poliangitu, kuris pasireiškė sunkiomis ir retomis komplikacijomis.
Determination of representative strength of deep cement-mixed clay from core strength data
Authors: Liu Y. , Jiang Y. J. , Xiao H. , Lee F. H.
Published: October 2016

Deep cement mixing is widely used to improve soft clayey soils as part of stability intervention in deep excavation and tunnelling. The quality of the improvement is often evaluated by measuring the strength of cored samples post-installation. Although spatial variability in the strength of cement-mixed soil is well recognised, there is still no well-accepted framework for interpreting core strength data. In particular, it is still unclear as to how a representative strength should be derived from the core data. This issue is examined herein using data from two field cases. The core data are first normalised with respect to the duration between treatment and testing, to account for the increase in strength with time. Second, the robustness of two types of criteria is then examined and the sample minima are shown to be relatively sensitive to outlying data. A set of theoretical equations on the variability of sample attributes, such as mean, variance and representative strength, with sample size is then verified using subset re-sampling from the data set, thereby providing a basis for assessing sufficiency of sample size. Finally, a method of conservatively estimating population mean strength and variance from limited sample size based on a prescribed confidence level is also proposed.
Sensing and driving performance of micro–nano piezoelectric fibre composites
Authors: Zhang Li-hua , Wang Shu-lin , Luo Ying
Published: October 2016

The cellular model of 1-3-type piezoelectric fibre composites has been established and simplified to be a series parallel hybrid model, and the equivalent mechanical and electrical parameters of the characteristic cell with a constitutive relationship between the piezoelectric phase and polymer phase were analysed. By using the optimised design, 1-3 piezoelectric fibre composites were fabricated, and their sensing performance in both the vertical and horizontal directions was tested. The results indicate that the highest output voltage is in the vertical direction (sensitive direction, i.e. the polarisation direction) with values more than two times higher than that in the horizontal direction (insensitive direction). By loading a direct-current high voltage, the actuation performance of the piezoelectric fibre composites was tested, and the results show that the value of the maximum strain generated in the vertical direction was more than two times higher than that in the horizontal direction (insensitive direction). These results indicate that 1-3-type piezoelectric fibre composites can offer good orthotropic sensing and driving performance.
Acute Adaption to Oral or Intravenous Phosphate Requires Parathyroid Hormone
Authors: Thomas Linto , Bettoni Carla , Knöpfel Thomas , Hernando Nati , Biber Jürg , Wagner Carsten A.
Published: October 2016

Phosphate (Pi) homeostasis is regulated by renal, intestinal, and endocrine mechanisms through which Pi intake stimulates parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor-23 secretion, increasing phosphaturia. Mechanisms underlying the early adaptive phase and the role of the intestine, however, remain ill defined. We investigated mineral, endocrine, and renal responses during the first 4 hours after intravenous and intragastric Pi loading in rats. Intravenous Pi loading (0.5 mmol) caused a transient rise in plasma Pi levels and creatinine clearance and an increase in phosphaturia within 10 minutes. Plasma calcium levels fell and PTH levels increased within 10 minutes and remained low or high, respectively. Fibroblast growth factor-23, 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3, and insulin concentrations did not respond, but plasma dopamine levels increased by 4 hours. In comparison, gastric Pi loading elicited similar but delayed phosphaturia and endocrine responses but did not affect plasma mineral levels. Either intravenous or gastric loading led to decreased expression and activity of renal Pi transporters after 4 hours. In parathyroidectomized rats, however, only intravenous Pi loading caused phosphaturia, which was blunted and transient compared with that in intact rats. Intravenous but not gastric Pi loading in parathyroidectomized rats also led to higher creatinine clearance and lower plasma calcium levels but did not reduce the expression or activity of Pi transporters. This evidence suggests that an intravenous or intestinal Pi bolus causes rapid phosphaturia through mechanisms requiring PTH and downregulation of renal Pi transporters but does not support a role of the intestine in stimulating renal clearance of Pi.
As políticas públicas e o enfrentamento da obesidade no Brasil: uma revisão reflexiva
Authors: Rech Daiani Cristina , Borfe Letícia , Emmanouilidis Alessandra , Linhares Garcia Edna , Frantz Krug Suzane Beatriz
Published: October 2016

Justificativa e Objetivos: Atualmente, a obesidade é considerada um importante problema de saúde pública, pois sua prevalência configura-se em níveis alarmantes. Os custos atribuídos aos gastos com a obesidade são muito elevados e, a longo prazo, podem tornar se empecilhos à sustentabilidade do tratamento dos indivíduos, tanto no âmbito público, quanto no privado. O objetivo foi refletir sobre a importância das Políticas Públicas voltadas ao enfrentamento da epidemia da obesidade e seus custos à saúde pública. Conteúdo: o tratamento das doenças relacionadas ao sobrepeso e a obesidade acarretam um número substancial nas despesas, sendo que no Brasil este dispêndio chega a ser de 5% dos gastos destinados a saúde. Para enfrentar a epidemia da obesidade, as políticas públicas devem proporcionar ambientes estimuladores, que apoiem e mantenham padrões saudáveis de alimentação e atividade física, enfatizando que tais atitudes devem ir além de informar e educar a população. Diversas são as ações propostas pelo governo brasileiro para organizar políticas voltadas para a área de nutrição e atividade física que visam à prevenção e o tratamento da obesidade. No entanto, essas intervenções acabam atendendo situações imediatas e específicas, permanecendo o desafio para sejam consolidadas de forma universal. Conclusão: faz-se necessário um olhar mais ampliado na busca de políticas públicas realmente eficazes, pensadas em longo prazo e que possam envolver toda a população. Levar em consideração a conscientização sobre a prática de hábitos saudáveis, uma vez que intervenções pensadas na perspectiva da promoção da saúde terão impacto positivo nos recursos financeiros da saúde pública.
Intervenção grupal com professores com síndrome de burnout: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: De Araújo Mendes e Silva Luciana , De Morais Cardoso Rodrigu Vitória Regina , Faleiros Silveira Alessandra , Lobo Bittar Cleria Maria
Published: October 2016

Justificativa e objetivos: A profissão docente é considerada uma das mais estressantes e o prolongamento da situação de estresse pode causar a Síndrome de Burnout. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa que objetivou levantar as produções científicas que ressaltam a importância de intervenções grupais como estratégias para promover enfrentamento e/ou prevenção do adoecimento causado pela síndrome. Conteúdo:A base de dados utilizada foi a SCIELO sendo a amostra constituída de 01 artigo obtido a partir dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão adotados na pesquisa. Evidenciou-se que os estudos realizam levantamentos sobre: fatores de risco da Síndrome de Burnout; prevalência da síndrome em docentes, conhecimento da síndrome pelos docentes e estratégias de enfrentamento. Entretanto apenas um estudo realiza ações interventivas.Conclusão:Destaca-se assim a necessidade de realização de pesquisas no país com ênfase na efetivação de intervenções grupais para prevenir ou reabilitar os docentes com síndrome de Burnout.
Refletindo sobre o processo de institucionalização do idoso
Authors: Dutra Robson Rezende , Vargas Sheila Cristina , Tornquist Luciana , Tornquist Debora , Martins Vanessa Amábile , Krug Suzane Frantz , Corbellini Valeriano Antonio
Published: October 2016

Justificativa e Objetivo: O envelhecimento é um processo natural que vem obtendo maior relevância e preocupação a partir do aumento considerável da expectativa de vida da população. É observado que atualmente ocorre um aumento de estudos relacionados com o cuidado do idoso, em especial daquele que se encontra em uma Instituição de Longa Permanência (ILP). O objetivo deste artigo é discutir sobre o processo de institucionalização do idoso e sobre as características do grupo familiar e perfil da população internada nestas instituições. Conteúdo: O aumento da população idosa ao longo do tempo é acompanhado por modificações na estrutura e rotina familiar, fazendo com que, para muitas famílias, torne-se inviável atender as necessidades do idoso. Deste modo, as Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPIs) constituem-se em uma alternativa para suprir estas necessidades, proporcionando cuidado amplo pelo trabalho de equipe multidisciplinar. No entanto, deve-se ter uma atenção especial, para que não ocorra uma quebra no vínculo familiar do idoso, visto que a família é uma ferramenta essencial na qualificação do cuidado. Conclusão: É fundamental abandonar o conceito de que ao ingressar nas ILPIs o idoso está abandonado e desamparado, pois com a mudança na rotina familiar, a implantação da Política Nacional do Idoso e o aprimoramento das instituições, esta tornou-se uma alternativa importante para o bem estar do idoso, permitindo acesso a uma assistência que, muitas vezes, não receberia em seu ambiente familiar, sendoimportante a manutenção do vínculo familiar, pois constitui-se em importante ferramenta para a qualidade de vida do idoso.
Assistência à saúde da pessoa com deficiência nos serviços públicos de saúde: um estudo bibliográfico
Authors: Vargas Sheila Cristina , Resende Dutra Robson , Haesbaert Barcelos Luis Filipe , Possuelo Lia Gonçalves , Frantz Krug Suzane Beatriz
Published: October 2016

Justificativa e objetivos: A assistência à saúde às pessoas com deficiência (PcD) deve ser garantida pelo Estado, profissionais de saúde e comunidade envolvida, abrangendo uma visão multidisciplinar. Este estudo tem como objetivo discutir sobre a assistência às pessoas com deficiência nos serviços públicos de saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica do tipo estudo descritivo com publicações científicas nos sites de busca Scielo, LILACS e Pubmed a partir dos descritores: acessibilidade, pessoas com deficiência, acesso aos serviços de saúde, totalizando 514 artigos,onde se enquadram 22 nas categorias temáticas abordadas. Resultados: A acessibilidade é resultado da disponibilidade de profissionais e serviços de saúde, assim como, o acesso das Pessoas com Deficiência (PcD) a esses serviços ofertados. É necessário o planejamento de ações por parte da equipe multidisciplinar, para que se busque a minimização das desigualdades frente a barreiras comportamentais, arquitetônicas, geográficas, o que forma lacunas que impedem uma assistência igualitária, unânime e universal como é preconizado pelo sistema de saúde. Na saúde bucal o princípio de integralidade contempla a ações de promoção, recuperação e reabilitação oral. Conclusão: As ações de promoção da saúde precisam ser incentivadas para que se promova o bem estar do usuário do serviço de saúde e que tais ações ocorram de forma integrada, somando recursos por parte do trabalho integral e multidisciplinar. A acessibilidade aos serviços de saúde em conjunto com ações que visem promover a saúde dos PcDs podem proporcionar maior qualidade na assistência à saúde e maior qualidade de vida.
Avaliação das atividades antifúngica, antimicobacteriana e larvicida de Duroia macrophylla e D. saccifera
Authors: Reis Ana Júlia , Lucas Carrion Lillian , Rodrigues Katiane , Montelli Fenalti Juliana , Mata-Santos Tais , Scaini Carlos James , Martins Daiane , De Oliveira Mesquita Denny William , Spirotto Stein Mesquita Adriana , Nunez Cecília Verônica , Almeida da Silva Pedro Eduardo , Fernandes Ramos Daniela
Published: October 2016

Justificativa e objetivos: A vasta biodiversidade amazônica tem sido apontada como uma fonte de produtos naturais candidatos a diversas atividades farmacológicas, principalmente no combate a doenças infecciosas. Algumas espécies, tais como as pertencentes ao gênero Duroia, da família Rubiaceae, têm sido caracterizadas pela produção de metabólitos secundários com propriedades biológicas importantes, porém são escassos os estudos com espécies deste gênero. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicobacteriana, antifúngica e antiparasitária de extratos de D. macrophylla e D. saccifera. Métodos: Foram coletados materiais vegetais de D. macrophylla e D. saccifera na Reserva Florestal A. Ducke em Manaus- AM, a partir dos quais foram preparados extratos diclorometânico, metanólico e aquoso e determinada a concentração inibitória e concentração larvicida mínima. Resultados: No que diz respeito aos extratos de D. saccifera¸ o extrato diclorometânico dos galhos foi o mais ativo frente às espécies fúngicas e as cepas micobacterianas avaliadas. Por outro lado, o extrato metanólico e o diclorometânico das folhas de D. macrophylla, foram os mais ativos frente a Candida sp. e Mycobacterium tuberculosis, respectivamente, porém, nenhum dos seis extratos avaliados apresentaram atividade antiparasitária frente a Toxocara canis. Conclusão: Esses resultados demonstram as propriedades antimicrobianas dessas plantas amazônicas para o desenvolvimento de novas alternativas terapêuticas no tratamento de doenças infecciosas, tais como a tuberculose e candidíase.
Escolares portadores do alelo a para o polimorfismo rs9939609 do gene FTO apresentam resposta diferente para o índice de massa corporal, após programa de intervenção interdisciplinar?
Authors: Da Silva Priscila Tatiana , Reuter Cézane Priscila , Marques Kelin Cristina , Ferreira Todendi Pâmela , Klinger Elisa Inês , Burgos Miria Suzana , De Moura Valim Andréia Rosane
Published: October 2016

Justificativa e Objetivo: Polimorfismos no gene relacionado à massa gorda e obesidade - FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) têm sido associados com obesidade pelos seus efeitos na homeostase de energia do indivíduo. Assim, busca-se verificar se escolares portadores do alelo de risco para obesidade (A), do polimorfismo rs9939609, do gene FTO, respondem diferentemente a um programa de intervenção com exercício físico e orientação nutricional, em comparação aos escolares que não possuem este alelo, com relação ao Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Métodos: estudo quase experimental, realizado com 46 escolares, distribuídos, igualmente, em grupos experimental e controle, da zona rural do município de Santa Cruz do Sul-RS. A variante A/T, do polimorfismo rs9939609 do gene FTO, foi genotipada utilizando-se o sistemaTaqManTM, em equipamento automatizado StepOne Plus. O programa interdisciplinar teve duração de 4 meses, sendo realizado 3 vezes por semana, no turno contrário ao das aulas. A duração de cada foi de 1 hora e 30 minutos. Resultados: no grupo experimental, um escolar com genótipo TT que apresentava sobrepeso, passou a ter IMC normal após o programa. Para os genótipos AT + AA, os escolares mantiveram a classificação (obesidade), sendo que um escolar que apresentava sobrepeso, passou a apresentar obesidade, após o término da intervenção. A análise dos valores de IMC, antes e após a intervenção, revelou que não houve diferença significativa, tanto no grupo experimental (p=0,088), quanto no controle (p=0,964). Conclusão: independente do genótipo, os escolares responderam de forma semelhante ao programa interdisciplinar com exercícios físicos e orientação nutricional.