bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Municipal Political Decision Maker’s Tenure on Physical Urbanisation in China: A Empirical Study based on the Profiles of Secretaries of Municipal Party Committees
Authors: Yin Chengzhi , Sun Hao
Published: February 2018

China’s rapid urbanisation in the past 30 years has been a prominent issue in the world. However, few studies elaborate on the rapid spatial urbanisation from the perspective of local decision makers (in particular the Secretaries of Municipal Party Committees-the SMPCs). Local governors are always seeking promotions as they are in a competitive bureaucratic hierarchy. This research is, therefore, intended to explain the local decision-making driving force of spatial urbanisation by analysing the interaction between local decision makers’ tenures and urban expansion. Based on the panel data of all 286 prefecture-level cities nationwide from 2000 to 2014, Stata 14.0 was applied to implement regression analysis. Research findings show that SMPCs have, in general, great incentives for promoting rapid urban development. Additionally, SMPCs who are transferred from other municipalities implement more rapid and larger-scale urban development than those who are locally promoted.
Inside the Municipal Lobby: Explaining Local Government Influence on the New EU Public Procurement Directives
Authors: Verhelst Tom
Published: February 2018

Despite a challenging context, local authorities succeeded in influencing one of the most fiercely debated issues of the new EU Public Procurement Directives (2014): the (conditional) exemption of public-public cooperation (PPC). Using theory-building process-tracing this paper analyses the PPC-case to design a parsimonious causal model of successful municipal lobbying under challenging circumstances. The model represents a composed mechanism that triggered municipal lobby influence through the interplay of three basic parts: a strategic lobby campaign deployed by a strong protagonist, an external opportunity structure underpinning and strengthening the latter and a significantly receptive EU decision-making arena. Furthermore, the case suggests that in challenging lobby cases local government can profit from its distinctive character as an electorally legitimised and politically connected interest group to promote its interests in the EU polity.
Realidad en su número cien
Authors: Editor El
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 100, 2004: 385-390
Sostenibilidad de la deuda total del sector público no financiero y de la política fiscal actual
Authors: Hernández Cáceres René
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 100, 2004: 391-419
El espiritualismo positivista de Andrés Bello (La filosofía de Andrés Bello desde la perspectiva de Juan David García Bacca)
Authors: Beorlegui Carlos
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 100, 2004: 461-502
John Michael Coetzeee, ganador del Premio Nobel de Literatura 2003
Authors: Meza Tejada José Aníbal
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 100, 2004: 507-513
Los dos Bacon
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 100, 2004: 515-519
Para una ética de la profesión docente
Authors: Editor El
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 101, 2004: 523-533
Reforma sanitaria: fundamentalismo neoliberal autoritario o democratización inaplazable
Authors: Cañas López Sergio Arturo
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 101, 2004: 593-624
Dos libros de Daniel J. Goldhagen: Los verdugos voluntarios de Hitler y La Iglesia Católica y el Holocausto. Una deuda pendiente
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 101, 2004: 626-632
Michel Foucault, la canción de la libertad
Authors: Réserve Roody
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 101, 2004: 641-649
Proximidad y participación ciudadana
Authors: Ceja Martínez Jorge
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 102, 2004: 683-728
La dinámica del tiempo y el espacio en la obra "Camino al Copinol, estaciones", del escritor salvadoreño Salvador Juárez
Authors: Ulloa Sigfredo
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 102, 2004: 770-775
La 58ª reunión de la ONU: reforma y contrarreforma
Authors: Ibisate Francisco Javier
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 96, 2003: 727-750
El impacto de las remesas en la pobreza de ingresos de los hogares salvadoreños
Authors: Castro Álvaro
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 97, 2004: 37-66
Filosofía de la liberación aplicada
Authors: Mora Galiana José
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 97, 2004: 67-96
Óscar Collazos, una rueda suelta de la literatura en el carnaval de la muerte
Authors: García Carlos Ernesto , García Annia
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 97, 2004: 97-106
Pedro Laín Entralgo: medicina e historia
Authors: Cañas López Sergio Arturo
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 98, 2004: 185-193
Desarrollo sostenible y protección del medio ambiente. Piñar Mañas, José Luis (dir.)
Authors: Cañas Gutiérrez Carlos Gonzalo
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 98, 2004: 239-241
Sudáfrica: diez años después del Apartheid
Authors: Réserve Roody
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 98, 2004: 243-252
La política: ¿sacrificio de la persona o realización humana?
Authors: Editor El
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 99, 2004: 255-259
Los otros actores políticos de la campaña electoral
Authors: Réserve Roody
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 99, 2004: 299-315
Salvación y prohibición de imágenes. Religión en el pensamiento de Theodor W. Adorno
Authors: Zamora Zaragoza José Antonio
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 99, 2004: 331-361
Francisco J. Rubia. El cerebro nos engaña
Authors: Feussier Binder Hermann
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 99, 2004: 367-371
Alejo Carpentier: cronista mayor de nuestro continente
Authors: Réserve Roody
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 99, 2004: 373-382
An Examination of Science High School Students’ Motivation towards Learning Biology and Their Attitude Towards Biology Lesson
Authors: KIŞOĞLU Mustafa
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine motivation of students studying in Science High School towards learning biology and their attitude towards biology lesson. The sample of the study consists of 564 high school students (308 females, 256 males) studying at two science high schools in Aksaray, Turkey.  In the study relational screening method which is a descriptive survey model was utilized. “Academic Motivation Scale for Learning Biology” consisting of 4 sub-dimensions (intrinsic motivation, amotivation, extrinsic motivation-career and extrinsic motivation-social) and 19 items and “Biology Science and Course Attitude Scale” consisting of 3 sub-dimensions (interest, pleasure and anxiety) and 23 items were utilized. Data were interpreted in accordance with arithmetic mean, percentage, frequency and significance level. Significance level was taken as 0.05. As a result of the research arithmetic means of students’ intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation-career sub-dimensions were found to be above the scale mean. Students’ mean score in amotivation and extrinsic motivation-social sub-dimensions were below the scale mean. However, students’ arithmetic mean in each of sub-dimensions in attitude scale were average. Highest relation among sub-dimensions of motivation and attitude scales was found to be between intrinsic motivation and interest, and intrinsic motivation and pleasure sub-dimensions. Nevertheless, as a result of the evaluation done in terms of students’ gender and class level it was determined that there is significant difference between their gender and class levels in sub-dimensions of motivation and attitude scales.
Case ‒ Laparoscopic transperitoneal partial nephrectomy of T3a renal cell carcinoma within a horseshoe kidney
Authors: Mannas Miles , Flannigan Ryan , Eng Michael
Published: February 2018

Horseshoe kidney (HSK) is a benign malformation characterized by three anatomic abnormalities: ectopia, malrotation, and vascular changes.1 Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) comprises approximately 53.8% of HSK malignancies. The incidence of RCC within HSK is predicted to equal that within the general population, approximately 5.2/100 000 individuals.2-4 Surgical resection of these tumors has been described in the literature. Evidence is mounting that partial nephrectomy, rather than radical nephrectomy, and minimally invasive techniques for T3a RCC is safe and attains equivalent oncologic outcomes.5,6 Review of the literature reveals no case reports of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for T3a RCC, and therefore, this is the first report of a laparoscopic partial nephrectomy of T3a RCC HSK with renal vein tumour thrombus.
Evaluating the role for renal biopsy in T1 and T2 renal masses: A single-centre study
Authors: Hoare Dylan , Evans Howard , Richards Heidi , Samji Rahim
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Once used primarily in the identification of renal metastasis and lymphomas, various urological bodies are now adopting an expanded role for the renal biopsy. We sought to evaluate the role of the renal biopsy in a Canadian context, focusing on associated adverse events, radiographic burden, and diagnostic accuracy.Methods: This retrospective review incorporated all patients undergoing ultrasound (US)/computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsies for T1 and T2 renal masses. There were no age or lesion size limitations. The primary outcome of interest was the correlation between initial biopsy and final surgical pathology. A binomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine any confounding factors. Secondary outcomes included the accuracy of tumour cell typing, grading, the safety profile, and radiographic burden associated with these patients.Results: A total of 148 patients satisfied inclusion criteria for this study. Mean age and lesions size at detection were 60.9 years (±12.4) and 3.6 cm (±2.0), respectively. Most renal masses were identified with US (52.7%) or CT (44.6%). Three patients (2.0%) experienced adverse events of note. Eighty-six patients (58.1%) proceeded to radical/partial nephrectomy. Our biopsies held a diagnostic accuracy of 90.7% (sensitivity 96.2%, specificity 87.5%, positive predictive value 98.7%, negative predictive value 70.0%, kappa 0.752, p<0.0005). Binomial logistic regression revealed that age, lesion size, number of radiographic tests, time to biopsy, and modality of biopsy (US/CT) had no influence on the diagnostic accuracy of biopsies.Conclusions: Renal biopsies are safe, feasible, and diagnostic. Their role should be expanded in the routine evaluation of T1 and T2 renal masses.
Case — Bladder paraganglioma in a pediatric patient
Authors: Malhotra Armaan K. , Yan Ryan , Tabeshi Raymond , Nadel Helen , Tran Henry , Masterson John
Published: February 2018

N/A
Emotional Sound Symbolism and the Volta in Shakespearean and Petrarchan Sonnets
Authors: Whissell Cynthia
Published: February 2018

Sonnets written in the Shakespearean or Petrarchan form are both assumed to present and then answer a problem, but they do so in different ways. The two forms have different rhyming schemes. The volta or turn is predicted to occur between lines 12 and 13 in the first and lines 8 and 9 in the second form. It is argued that sound in poetry is emotionally communicative (symbolic), especially when the predominance of Harsh (e.g., t, r) over Gentle (e.g., l, m) sounds is considered. An analysis of the sounds (phonemes) in various exemplars of the two forms (N=285 sonnets) was undertaken. Shakespeare’s sonnets represented his form and those of a variety of authors represented the Petrarchan form. Predominant Harshness was the dependent variable in a design which compared line and form. There were significant effects associated with line, form, and their interaction (p<.05). Shakespeare’s sonnets, had a lower predominant Harshness than the Petrarchan sonnets. Both Shakespearean and Petrarchan sonnets exhibited a major drop in predominant Harshness (a volta) between lines 8 and 9. Both began on a gentle note, increased in predominant Harshness as problems were being expounded, and returned to a gentler note for their endings. Only Shakespearean sonnets had a spike in harshness in the third quatrain, suggesting that the author was still unfolding problems rather than resolving them there.
Revising the Effects of Online Advertising Attributes on Consumer Processing and Response
Authors: Shaouf Abubaker A AB
Published: February 2018

With advances in technology, the internet has allowed advertisers to design advertisements with unique features that can help capture consumers’ visual attention and enhance their psychological states such as attitudes and emotions. Yet, web advertising features and attributes can significantly contribute to online consumer behaviors. This paper strives to provide guidelines for researchers and advertisers as to what outlines the effects of online advertising design on consumers’ processing and multiple outcomes. The findings indicated that exposure to a well-designed online advertisement can influence several cognitive and emotional responses, such as attention to the ad, motivations to process the ad, depth of processing, pleasure, arousal, and online purchase intention. According to the present review, consumer involvement is regarded as an important moderator in the relationships between web advertising content as well as design and several responses, including consumers’ intention to search and process information. The article concludes by identifying several areas of opportunities for advancing our understanding of web advertising effects. Marketers and advertisers will find the current work useful, as it can be used to maximize the effectiveness of web advertising.
Een eerste balans van het Europees burgerinitiatief, in het licht van de Anagnostakis-uitspraak en het EBI-herzieningsvoorstel
Authors: Senden L.A.J. , Nicolosi S.
Published: February 2018

Een eerste balans van het Europees burgerinitiatief, in het licht van de Anagnostakis-uitspraak en het EBI-herzieningsvoorstel

In Verordening (EU) nr. 211/2011 zijn nadere voorwaarden vastgelegd voor het indienen van een Europees burgerinitiatief (EBI). In de ruim vijf jaar dat deze Verordening nu van kracht is, sinds 1 april 2012, zijn belangrijke knelpunten zichtbaar geworden. In deze bijdrage beogen we een eerste balans op te maken van de inrichting en de werking van het EBI, door een analyse van de recente uitspraak van het Hof van Justitie in de Anagnostakis zaak over de rechtmatigheid van een afwijzend besluit van de Commissie tot registratie van een EBI en het recente voorstel van de Commissie tot wijziging van de Verordening om de werking van het EBI te verbeteren.

HvJ 12 september 2017, zaak C-589/15 P, Alexios Anagnostakis/Europese Commissie, ECLI:EU:C:2017:663;

Verordening (EU) nr. 211/2011 van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 16 februari 2011 over het burgerinitiatief, PbEU 2011, L 65/1 (EBI-Verordening);

Voorstel voor een verordening van het Europees Parlement en de Raad betreffende het Europees burgerinitiatief COM(2017)482 def.
Investigation of domain adaptation for acoustic frog species classification
Authors: Xie Jie
Published: February 2018

Acoustic frog species classification has received much attention for its importance in assessing biodiversity. However, most previous frog call classification models are trained and tested using the data collected from the same area, which greatly limits the model's generalization. In practice, frogs often have regional accents. When training and testing data are collected from different areas, there is an adverse impact on frog call classification performance. To tackle this problem, this paper investigates domain adaptation for classifying frog calls collected from different areas. To evaluate the performance of our proposed methods, two frog call datasets, which are collected from subtropical eastern Australia and tropical north-eastern Australia, are used. Experimental results demonstrate that domain adaptation can significantly improve the weighted F1-score from 72.8% to 85.5%.
Analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in breast and breast/ovarian cancer families shows population substructure in the Iberian peninsula
Authors: VEGA A. , TORRES M. , MARTÍNEZ J. I. , RUIZ‐PONTE C. , BARROS F. , CARRACEDO A.
Published: July 2002

An estimated 5–10% of all breast and ovarian cancers are due to an inherited predisposition, representing a rather large number of patients. In Spain 1/13–1/14 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer during their lifetime. Two major breast cancer genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, have been identified. To date, several hundred pathogenic mutations in these two genes have been published or reported to the Breast Cancer Information Core, BIC database (http://www.nhgri.nih.gov/Intramural_research_Labtransfer/Bic/index.html). In the present study, 30 Spanish breast and breast/ovarian cancer families (29 from Galicia, NW Spain, and 1 from Catalonia, NE Spain) were screened for mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The analysis of these genes was carried out by SSCP for shorter exons and direct sequencing in the case of longer ones. Mutations were found in 8 of the 30 families studied (26.66%). It is important to note that all mutations were detected within the BRCA1 gene: 330 A>G, 910_913delGTTC, 2121 C>T, 3958_3962delCTCAGinsAGGC, and 5530 T>A. The BRCA1 330 A>G mutation was found in four unrelated families and accounted for 50% of all identified mutations.
A linkage tournament: affection status, parametric analysis, multivariate traits, and enhancements to variance components and relative pairs
Authors: ZHANG W. , COLLINS A. , LONJOU C. , MORTON N. E.
Published: July 2002

Linkage tests to localize oligogenes have been extended during the past year. Using simulated data and multiplex selection we find that several tests on affected sib pairs have comparable power and type I error. Three variants of SIBPAL2 are favoured when substantial numbers of normal sibs are included, but performance relative to the BETA benchmark degrades rapidly as normal sibs are depleted by selective sampling or typing. Neglect of this fact may explain recent failure of retrospective collaboration to confirm asthma candidates in the 5q cytokine region that are supported by other studies. A fully quantitative trait favours variance components under complete ascertainment and two options in SIBPAL2 under multiplex selection, with substantial gain in power from covariance analysis if the covariate is independent of the candidate locus. A dichotomy and liability threshold give virtually identical results in the SOLAR variance components program. Comparison with single‐marker parametric analysis suggests that extension to multiple markers would be competitive with nonparametric methods in power, and superior in depth of genetic analysis. The simulated examples illustrate common problems encountered with linkage scans for oligogenes. They show that nonparametric methods provide no panacea for analytical problems posed by different phenotypes and methods of ascertainment.
Moralizing science: the uses of science's past in

national education in the 1920s
Authors: MAYER ANNA-KATHERINA
Published: July 2002

The present interest of Englishmen in education is partly due to

the fact that they are impressed

by German thoroughness. Now let there be no mistake. The war has shown

the effectiveness of

German education in certain departments of life, but it has shown not

only its ineffectiveness, but

its grotesque absurdity in regard to other departments of life, and

those the departments which

are, even in a political sense, the most important. In the organization

of material resources

Germany has won well-merited admiration, but in regard to moral

conduct, and in regard to all

that art of dealing with other men and other nations which is

closely allied to moral conduct, she

has won for herself the horror of the civilized world. If you

take the whole result, and ask whether

we prefer German or English education, I at any rate should not

hesitate in my reply.

Thus William Temple, future archbishop, addressing the Educational

Section at the 1916

meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in

Newcastle. Temple's

statement introduced his contribution to the ‘neglect-of-science’

debate, a public dispute

over the place of science in English secondary education.

Originally, the debate had been

started by prominent scientists convinced that England's

military and industrial fortunes

were suffering as a result of the country's continuing

scientific illiteracy. The contrasts

Temple drew between ‘us’ and ‘them’,

between England and Germany, between ‘conduct’

and ‘efficiency’, cropped up throughout the debate.
A note on the archives of the British Society for

the History of Science, 1947–97
Authors: TOPHAM JONATHAN R.
Published: July 2002

It is perhaps ironic that a society of historians such as the British

Society for the History

of Science should have been in existence for some thirty-six years before

any attempt was

made to create a formal archive of its history. Such an oversight is

doubtless attributable

to the undue modesty of those involved in the earlier history of the

Society, possibly tinged

with a distrust of what historians can do with archival records, but it

is none the less

regrettable that there are not more early records of our Society's

activities. The official

Council Minutes from 1947 onwards, however, are more detailed than one
might expect,

and a very useful source of information.
A DUTY TO GIVE REASONS?
Authors: Jolowicz J.A.
Published: July 2002

INFlannery v. Halifax Estate Agencies Ltd. [2000] 1 W.L.R. 377, the purchasers of a flat in Manchester sued a valuer, on whose report they had relied, for negligence. At the trial there was a conflict of expert evidence. The judge preferred the evidence of the defendant's experts and dismissed the claim. It was accepted that the judge's conclusion was one that was open to him on the evidence. The Court of Appeal set aside the judgment and ordered a new trial.
HIGHER CONJUGATION COHOMOLOGY IN COMMUTATIVE HOPF ALGEBRAS
Authors: Crossley M. D. , Whitehouse Sarah
Published: July 2002

Let $A$ be a graded, commutative Hopf algebra. We study an action of the symmetric group $\sSi_n$ on the tensor product of $n-1$ copies of $A$; this action was introduced by the second author in 1 and is relevant to the study of commutativity conditions on ring spectra in stable homotopy theory 2.

We show that for a certain class of Hopf algebras the cohomology ring $H^*(\sSi_n;A^{\otimes n-1})$ is independent of the coproduct provided $n$ and $(n-2)!$ are invertible in the ground ring. With the simplest coproduct structure, the group action becomes particularly tractable and we discuss the implications this has for computations.

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 16W30; 57T05; 20C30; 20J06; 55S25
THE SECOND DERIVATIVE OF A MEROMORPHIC FUNCTION
Authors: Langley J. K.
Published: July 2002

Let $f$ be meromorphic of finite order in the plane, such that $f^{(k)}$ has finitely many zeros, for some $k\geq2$. The author has conjectured that $f$ then has finitely many poles. In this paper, we strengthen a previous estimate for the frequency of distinct poles of $f$. Further, we show that the conjecture is true if either

$f$ has order less than $1+\varepsilon$, for some positive absolute constant $\varepsilon$, or

$f^{(m)}$, for some $0\leq m lt k$, has few zeros away from the real axis.

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 30D35
ANTICIPATORY LONG-TERM RESEARCH FOR SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: JONES M. J.
Published: July 2002

Drawing on ideas advanced during the course of an international workshop, this paper reviews agricultural research priorities in the dry areas of the developing world, where economic and demographic pressures are driving a rapid intensification of production, even on very fragile lands. Current priorities for research and research funding reflect a strongly felt need, among governments and donor agencies, for rapid problem-solving to relieve poverty. In this context, traditional long-term agronomic research trials, with essentially strategic and basic objectives, are often seen as irrelevant. Yet the need to anticipate problems impending in environments where intensification is consuming the natural resource base and degrading the production potential is an urgent one. To accommodate this need to the perceptions of the different stakeholders, a new research paradigm, ‘Anticipatory Long-Term Research for Sustainable Productivity’, is proposed. It invokes a holistic approach, building a longer view and greater dynamism into traditional agronomy, enhancing ties to socio-economic and resource management disciplines, and reconciling the immediate demand for high-yielding technology with the strategic issues of sustainable production.
Multi-trait QTL mapping in barley using multivariate regression
Authors: HACKETT C. A. , MEYER R. C. , THOMAS W. T. B.
Published: July 2002

Many studies of QTL locations record several different traits on the same population, but most
analyses look at this information on a trait-by-trait basis. In this paper we show how the
regression approach to QTL mapping of Haley & Knott (1992) may be extended to a multi-trait
analysis via multivariate regression, easily programmed in statistical packages. A procedure for
identifying QTL locations using forward selection and bootstrapping is proposed. The method is
applied to examine the locations for QTLs for six yield characters (the number of fertile stems, the
grain number of the main stem, the main stem grain weight, the single plant yield, the plot yield
and the thousand grain weight) in a doubled haploid population of spring barley. Several
chromosomal locations with effects on more than one trait are found. The method is also suitable
for examining a single trait measured in different years or environments, and is used here to
examine data on heading date, a highly heritable trait, and plot yield, a trait with moderate
heritability and showing QTL–environment interactions.
Cell-cycle-specific transcription termination within the

human histone H3.3 gene is correlated with specific

protein–DNA interactions
Authors: TAYLOR ALAN , ZHANG LIQUN , HERRMANN JOHN , WU BEI , KEDES LARRY , WELLS DAN
Published: July 2002

In vitro studies using highly purified calf thymus RNA
polymerase II

and a fragment spanning the

first intron of H3.3 as template DNA have demonstrated the existence of
a

strong transcription

termination site consisting of thymidine stretches. In this study,

nuclear run-on experiments have

been performed to assess the extent to which transcription elongation is

blocked in vivo using

DNA probes corresponding to regions 5′ and 3′ of the in
vitro

termination sites. These studies

suggest that H3.3 expression is stimulated following the inhibition

of DNA synthesis through the

elimination of the transcription elongation block. Interestingly, both

the in vivo and in vitro

experiments have revealed that the transcriptional block/termination

sites are positioned

immediately downstream of a 73 bp region that has been over 90% conserved

between the chicken

and human H3.3 genes. The extreme conservation of this intronic region

suggests a possible role in

maintaining cis-acting function. Electrophoretic mobility

shift experiments show that HeLa cell

nuclear extracts contain protein factors that bind specifically to the

region of transcription

elongation block. Furthermore, we demonstrate a correlation between

the protein binding activity

and the transcriptional block in cells that have been either arrested

at the initiation of S phase or

were replication-interrupted by hydroxyurea. DNA footprinting experiments

indicate that the

region of protein binding is at the 3′ end of the

conserved region and overlaps with one of the

three in-vitro-mapped termination sites.
Mismatch repair and the accumulation of deleterious
mutations influence the competitive advantage of MAT
(mating type) heterozygosity in the yeast Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
Authors: SELK ESTHER , WILLS CHRISTOPHER
Published: July 2002

Competitions between matched pairs of diploid strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, one capable of
undergoing sexual recombination (MAT-heterozygous) and the
other not (MAT-homozygous),
have proved useful for measuring the effects of mitotic and meiotic recombination
and DNA
repair on competitive ability in this organism. Overall competitive
differences between the strains
can be enhanced by converting them to petites (aerobic respiration incompetent).
Here we report
the results of competitions between pairs of strains that also
differ in their ability to undergo
mismatch repair. In petite strains, the growth rates of mismatch-repair

defective strains declined
over time regardless of their MAT genotype. Mismatch-repair
proficient MAT-heterozygous strains
did not show a decline, while repair-deficient MAT-homozygous

strains did. The decline appears to
be due to the accumulation of deleterious mutations of small effect, which
can be corrected by
MAT-heterozygous strains having intact mismatch repair.
The relative competitive abilities of
MAT-heterozygous and MAT-homozygous strains diverged

during the course of the competitions,
and the variance of this divergence increased significantly when mismatch
repair was defective.
This large stochastic component indicates that a relatively small
number of deleterious mutations
may be involved. The accumulation of deleterious mutations and their subsequent
repair may have
a bearing on the origin of sex in this organism.
Testing the correspondence between map positions of
quantitative trait loci
Authors: KEIGHTLEY PETER D. , KNOTT SARA A.
Published: July 2002

There are several instances in which quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping experiments have been
independently carried out for similar traits in different laboratories. We develop a permutation test
of the correspondence between the test statistics obtained from genome-wide QTL scans in two
such experiments to test whether the same QTLs are segregating in the experimental pair. In
simulations, we show that the permutation test has the desired properties if chromosomes are of
equal length, but bias can occur if chromosomes are of unequal length, a problem connected with
autocorrelation of test statistic values. We apply the test to data from three recent mouse body
weight QTL mapping experiments. The results from the test are non-significant, and imply a lack
of overall concordance between the QTLs that were segregating in these experiments.
OATHS, CASUISTRY, AND EQUIVOCATION: ANGLICAN RESPONSES TO THE ENGAGEMENT CONTROVERSY
Authors: VALLANCE EDWARD
Published: July 2002

This article addresses a neglected facet of a familiar political debate, the contribution of Anglican royalist writers to the Engagement controversy. A new interpretation of the core issues at stake in the debate is offered by focusing on these Anglican responses. The work of Quentin Skinner, Margaret Judson, and John Wallace concentrated on the discussion of the duty of obedience to de facto powers. This article contends, however, that it was a debate over the nature of oaths and the lawfulness of taking apparently contradictory sworn promises which was at the heart of the controversy. Writers offered competing interpretations of the bond of oaths and covenants, the supporters of the Rump claiming that they were conditional and dependent for the obligation on circumstantial considerations, the Engagement's opponents claiming that these sworn bonds were non-reciprocal and indissoluble. In this debate both pro- and anti-Engagement authors used casuistic arguments to urge their readers either to take or to refuse the declaration of loyalty to the Commonwealth. Yet, whilst in print Anglicans had counselled against subscribing, in two manuscript cases of conscience they allowed correspondents to take the Engagement.
REMAPPING SPANISH IMPERIALISM, COLONIALISM, AND POST-COLONIALISM: THE CASE OF CUZCO, PERU
Authors: DEANS-SMITH SUSAN
Published: July 2002

Colonial habits: convents and the spritual economy of Cuzco, Peru. By Kathryn Burns. Durham: Duke University Press, 1999. Pp. xi+307. ISBN 0-8223-2291-9.

Inka bodies and the body of Christ: Corpus Christi in colonial Cuzco, Peru. By Carolyn Dean. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 1999. Pp. xiv+264. ISBN 0-8223-2367-2.

The world of Túpac Amaru: conflict, community, and identity in colonial Peru. By Ward Stavig. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1999. Pp. xxxiv+348. ISBN 0-8032-9255-4.

Smouldering ashes: Cuzco and the creation of Republican Peru, 1780–1840. By Charles F. Walker. Durham and London, Duke University Press, 1999. Pp. xiii+330. ISBN 0-8223-2293-5.
NOVEL NARRATIVES, NEW RESEARCH: THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AFTER THE

BICENTENNIAL
Authors: SAVAGE GARY
Published: July 2002

Revolution and political conflict in the French navy, 1789–1794.

By William S. Cormack.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pp. 343. £40.00.

The family romance of the French revolution. By Lynn Hunt.

London: Routledge, 1992. Pp. 213. £19.99.

The French idea of freedom: the old regime and the Declaration

of Rights of 1789. Edited by Dale

Van Kley. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995. Pp. 436. £35.00.

A rhetoric of bourgeois revolution: the Abbé Sieyes and

What is the third estate ? By William

H. Sewell, Jr. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 1994. Pp. 221.

£10.95.

The genesis of the French revolution: a global-historical

interpretation. By Bailey Stone.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pp. 268. £12.95.

The new regime: transformations of the French civic order,

1789–1820s. By Isser Woloch. New

York and London: W. W. Norton, 1994. Pp. 536. £27.50.
VILLAGE TENSIONS IN EARLY VIRGINIA: SEX, LAND, AND STATUS AT THE NECK OF LAND IN THE 1620s
Authors: RANSOME DAVID R.
Published: July 2002

The conventional picture of early Virginia suggests an almost exclusively male
population, intent on personal profit, ruthlessly ignoring social considerations, lacking stability. This
article argues that such a picture is an exaggeration, and draws attention to three communities, the
inhabitants of which more closely resembled the rural English societies from which they had come.
Particular attention is paid to the Neck of Land in Charles City, upriver from Jamestown close to the
falls. The survival of administrative records makes possible an account of this small community
between 1613 and 1629, revealing a hamlet of healthy married families whose concerns were sex, land,
and status, rather than death and disease or the neighbouring Indian menace; and where stability in
the 1620s did not, however, mean the absence of social tensions. Thus the Neck of Land, taken together
with the communities at Point Comfort and on the Eastern Shore, demonstrates the inadequacy of
current perceptions of early Virginian society.
THE VATICAN AND THE WALL STREET
CRASH: BERNARDINO NOGARA AND
PAPAL FINANCES IN THE EARLY 1930s
Authors: POLLARD JOHN F.
Published: July 2002

The signing of the Lateran Pacts between Mussolini and Pius XI not only changed the
status of the Vatican, it also transformed its financial position overnight. After decades of financial
difficulty, the Vatican acquired a substantial capital endowment, the investment of which the pope
entrusted to Bernardino Nogara. But as the diary of Nogara reveals, as a result of the pope's ambitious
spending plans, the lack of a proper system of financial control in the Vatican, and, above all, the
impact of the Wall Street crash, within less than two years the Vatican was losing money hand over
fist. This article explains how Nogara reconstructed the finances of the Vatican in the wake of this
disaster, and explores the links between the Vatican's first experience of playing the international
capital markets and the pope's notions of social and economic ethics.
FATMA MÜGE GÖÇEK, ED., Political Cartoons in the Middle East (Princeton, N.J.: Markus Wiener Publications, 1988). Pp 152.
Authors: Kuppinger Petra
Published: July 2002

This short collection of essays provides new insights into the medium of political cartoons in the Middle East, where it has long played an important role. Drawing on materials from Turkey, Iran, and Tunisia, contributors “focus on the multiple cultural spaces that political cartoons in the Middle East creat across societies” (cover text).
Transplanted maize (Zea mays) for grain production in

southern England. II. Effects of planting date, transplant age at

planting and cultivar on growth, development and harvest index
Authors: DALE A. E. , DRENNAN D. S. H.
Published: July 2002

Maize seedlings (cultivars Bastion, Ace, Anko and Mirna) were

raised for 15, 30 or 45 days in a glasshouse and planted in the field

between early May and mid-June in 1989 and 1990, at 10

plants/m2. Samples of transplants and direct-seeded

crops of the same cultivars were taken at regular intervals throughout

the growing season for growth analyses. In both years, the 15-day-old

transplants established more rapidly in the field than older

transplants, and the patterns of leaf production of these young

transplants were similar to those of direct-seeded maize. Transplants

flowered earlier than direct-seeded maize from the same planting date.

At most harvests, transplants showed significantly higher dry weights

than their direct-seeded counterparts, and May-planted maize had

significantly higher dry weights than June-planted crops, while

cultivar effects were small. Final biomass yields were consistently

higher in 1989 (17 t/ha) than in 1990 (11 t/ha). In both

seasons, particularly in 1990, there was a trend for a lower harvest

index in direct-seeded maize which reflected its immaturity at final

harvest. The lowest harvest index (0·07) in 1990 was recorded

for direct-seeded maize of the late cultivar, Mirna (June planting),

the highest harvest index (0·65) for 30-day-old Mirna

transplants (May-planted). A comparison of the experienced effective

temperature sums during the vegetative, reproductive and grain-filling

phases suggested that the transplant nursery period provides an

advancement in thermal time which can affect grain-filling and crop

maturity. Year to year variation in climate seems to be of primary

importance for yield advantages of transplanted over direct-seeded

maize.
Prediction of leaf and internode development in wheat
Authors: WEIGHTMAN R. M. , KIRBY E. J. M. , SYLVESTER-BRADLEY R. , SCOTT R. K. , CLARE R. W. , GILLETT A.
Published: July 2002

Functions which predict rate of leaf emergence and final number
of

leaves, used in a model to predict

the date at which growth stages occur, were tested in an experiment on

winter wheat cv. Mercia grown

with standardized husbandry at six sites in 1992/93, 1993/94 and

1994/95. A study of the number

of detectable nodes on the culm and leaf length was also made.

The predicted rate of leaf emergence was mostly within 5% of the observed

value. The difference

between observed and predicted final number of leaves was mostly less than

half a leaf but suspected

errors in leaf counts resulted in some differences of more than two leaves.

Variable extension of the basal internode impaired confidence in the

detection of nodes. The mean

number of detectable nodes differed significantly among sites and between

seasons from 3·7 to 4·8 but

could not be related to sowing date or final number of leaves. Further

information on factors affecting

extension of the basal internode is desirable to standardize node detection

and improve prediction of culm leaf appearance.

Culm leaves showed successively longer laminae up to the penultimate
leaf.

There was a significant

relationship between length of the flag leaf and the final number of leaves,

but it was positive in

1993/94 and negative in 1994/95. This may have been due to greater

water stress in 1994/95.
Effect of non-ionophore feed antibiotics on

in vitro fermentation in the ovine rumen and

rabbit caecum
Authors: MAROUNEK M. , DUšKOVÁ D. , SKŘIVANOVÁ V.
Published: July 2002

Experiments were carried out at

Uhříněves (Czech Republic) in 1996 and

1997 to evaluate the effects

of avoparcin, bacitracin, flavomycin, tylosin and

virginiamycin on in vitro fermentation of ovine

ruminal contents and rabbit caecal contents. In incubations of

the rumen contents supplied with

starch, hemicellulose and pectin, all antibiotics at

20 μg/ml decreased production of fermentation gas

and changed molar composition of fermentation products in favour

of propionate. Flavomycin,

tylosin and virginiamycin significantly decreased total

production of volatile fatty acids (VFA). In

incubations of the rabbit caecal contents, attempts to

modify composition of microbial metabolites

failed. Bacitracin was the only antibiotic which significantly

increased the molar percentage of

propionate and decreased acetate. This fermentation shift

was accompanied by a decrease in total

VFA production. The net production of propionate was thus

similar in control and bacitracin-treated

cultures. Rumen in vitro fermentation yielded more

fermentation gas, methane and propionate than

rabbit caecal fermentation of the same substrate. There was

no apparent effect of antibiotics tested

on methanogens in either microbial system, as the ratios of

methane to VFA production were similar

in control and treated cultures.
Seasonal dynamics of leaf extension and losses to
senescence and herbivory in extensively managed sown
ryegrass–white clover swards
Authors: MARRIOTT C. A. , BARTHRAM G. T. , BOLTON G. R.
Published: July 2002

Tissue flow measurements of leaf material in Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), Agrostis capillaris
or Poa annua, and Trifolium repens (white clover) were made at three upland sites in Scotland
(Hartwood, Sourhope and Fasque) in 1992/93 to determine if there were differences in seasonal
growth, senescence and losses to herbivory between species in their response to more extensive sward
management. The measurements were made monthly from May until October in established
predominantly perennial ryegrass/white clover swards receiving three different treatments. One
treatment received a conventional annual fertilizer application of 140 kg N/ha plus maintenance P
and K and was grazed by sheep at a sward height of 4 cm (4F), whereas the other two treatments were
unfertilized and grazed to maintain a sward height of 4 cm (4U) or 8 cm (8U).

Significant sources of the variation in leaf appearance, increase in green lamina/petiole length (leaf
extension), senescence and losses to herbivory were attributable to site, sward, species and date of
measurement. The rate of leaf extension for all three measured species was less in 4U than 4F swards,
and less in 4U than 8U swards. Leaf extension of L. perenne exceeded that of the other species, even
in unfertilized swards, but rates of leaf appearance were less. There was some evidence in spring of
a reduction in net growth as a consequence of removing fertilizer inputs and maintaining a sward
height of 4 cm. Species differences in the losses of leaf tissue to herbivory were dependent on sward
management. In the 4F treatment, leaf loss to herbivory from L. perenne tillers was greater than that
from either A. capillaris, P. annua or T. repens in May, June and September. In the 4U treatment more
leaf tissue was also lost from L. perenne than from T. repens. In contrast, there was no difference
between grass species in losses to herbivory in either unfertilized sward. The responses of species to
changes in fertilizer and grazing management were similar at three sites of differing fertility. The
results are discussed in relation to plant competition and species dynamics in extensively managed
swards.
Effects of tillage and mulching on the growth,
development and yield of late-season tomato
(Lycopersicon esculentum L.) in the humid south
of Nigeria
Authors: AGELE S. O. , IREMIREN G. O. , OJENIYI S. O.
Published: July 2002

The late-season period in the humid tropics is characterized by drought and the production of crops
such as tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.), okra (Abelmoschus esculentum), pepper (Capsicum spp.)
and leafy vegetables depends upon the utilization of stored soil water. The efficient use of stored soil
moisture ensures maximum plant adaptation and yield stability. The growth, development and yield
of tomato grown on mulched and unmulched hand-hoed, raised beds and ridged sandy loam soil
during the late cropping seasons of 1994, 1995 and 1996 in Akure, Nigeria was investigated. Hand-hoeing reduced soil temperature and conserved more soil moisture than ridging or the raised bed
while grass mulch improved soil temperature and soil moisture regime compared with bare ground.
Root biomass and root/shoot ratio increased in the order ridging, raised bed and hand-hoeing while
shoot biomass, leaf area/plant and percentage fruit set decreased in the order raised bed, ridging and
hand-hoeing. Number of fruit and fruit yield/plant produced by raised beds were significantly higher
than those produced by ridging and hand-hoeing. Mulch ameliorated the hydrothermal regime of the
soil, improved the vegetative and flowering performance and significantly increased the fruit yield of
tomato over bare ground.
The potential of selected Linum usitatissimum crosses
for producing recombinant inbred lines with
dual-purpose characteristics
Authors: FOSTER R. , POONI H. S. , MACKAY I. J.
Published: July 2002

The success of Linum usitatissimum as a commercial crop depends on its value for seed/oil (linseed)
and/or fibre/straw production (flax). In the present study we evaluated nine linseed × linseed and two
linseed × flax crosses for their potential to produce recombinant inbred lines (RILs) that give higher
yields for dual-purpose (high seed–high fibre) traits. Analysis of the early generations indicated that
while all crosses segregated for seed weight, straw weight, capsule weight and total plant weight, some
crosses lacked the necessary genetic diversity to produce superior RILs. The performance of F3
families supported this conclusion as only two crosses were identified which had adequate potential
to produce improved RILs with high seed and straw/fibre yields. The four most heterotic crosses
identified in a previous experiment showed little potential for transgressive recombinants, although
the best of these RILs would make better dual-purpose varieties compared to existing cultivars.
Genotypic correlations were generally positive and should increase the chances of extracting RILs
producing both high seed/oil and straw/fibre yields.