bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ADDRESSING NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES IN AQUAPONIC SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
Authors: Harika Neerudu , Ramakrishna Reddy P. , Verma A. K. , Arya P.
Published: June 2024

Aquaponics, a sustainable agricultural system, integrates aquaculture and hydroponics to create a symbiotic relationship between aquatic animals and plants. In this closed-loop system, fish waste and metabolic by-products nourish hydroponically cultivated plants while the plants purify water through nitrification, a bacterial-driven process converting ammonia to nitrate. Fish species like tilapia, pangasius, pearl spot, carp, etc., are commonly raised in aquaponics. Plant selection includes leafy greens and herbs due to their resilience. The nutrients that originate from fish feed contribute to plant growth. While major nutrients come from water, aquaculture effluent, a fusion of waste products, offers additional nutrients. Still, these nutrients may not fulfill the absolute plant nutrient requirement, resulting in the poor growth of plants and consequently affecting the profits. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron are vital nutrients that may become deficient. The nutrient deficiency can be corrected by altering fish stocking density, utilizing supplements like rock phosphate, potassium sulfate, and calcium chloride, and managing pH levels. Epsom salt addresses magnesium deficiency, while inorganic and natural iron compounds help to combat iron deficiency. In aquaponics, nutrient management ensures harmonious and productive interactions between aquatic life and plants.
FROM WATER TO PLATE: EXPLORING THE WORLD OF FERMENTED FISH DELICACIES AND THEIR HEALTH BENEFITS
Authors: Ramakrishna Reddy P. , Harika Neerudu , Nayak B. B. , Ghosh Subal Kumar , P Arya
Published: June 2024

Fermented fish products are revered for their rich nutritional content and unique flavors across diverse cultures. The need to preserve the perishable nature of fish has led to the exploration of various techniques. Fermentation is an age-old time-honored method of preservation. This chapter delves into the global practice of fermenting fish and its health implications. It highlights the significance of fermented fish products in various cuisines and explores their preparation methods. Probiotic-rich and nutrient-dense fermented fish offer benefits ranging from improved digestion to reduced allergenicity. The chapter underscores the role of fermentation in extending shelf life and enhancing flavors.
IMPLICATIONS OF FISH MODEL IN DRUG DISCOVERY
Authors: Prabhakaran Arya , Varghese Tincy , Gupta Subodh , Nayak Sunil Kumar , Kumar Vasanthakumaran , P Prabhashlal
Published: June 2024

Drug is any chemical that can change the way our body works. They are important to human being because they act as a cure to new diseases or they aid in reduction of previously untreatable conditions. In some cases, it may not be a new drug that is required, but that a previously known drug can be used for a new purpose. Introducing a new drug to market is a complex and time-consuming process that can cost pharmaceutical companies an average $1.3 billion and ten years of research and development. There are multiple defined stages for this process, each with their own associated challenges, timelines, and costs. Drug development involves extensive testing in animal models to determine if the drug is safe for human trials and it if it performs as it should. The reduction of animal testing is one of the goals set out by FDA in ISO10993, where zebrafish can be considered an alternative organism, which is highly efficient to replace rats and other test animals. With the completion of the zebrafish genome project and the establishment of a robust infrastructure for genetic and physiological studies, the zebrafish system sits poised to take on a larger role in the field of drug development. By contributing to target identification and validation, drug lead discovery and toxicology, the zebrafish might provide a shorter route to developing novel therapies for human disease. In the upcoming years, the advancement of contemporary technology may enable the zebrafish to serve as a significant stand-in for other mammalian models used in pharmaceutical discovery.
FEEDING BEHAVIOR AND STRATEGIES IN FISH: IMPLICATIONS FOR DIET FORMULATION
Authors: Hafeef Roshan K. T Dr. , K. S. Wisdom Dr. , Mishra Shambhavi Kumari , Nottanalan Husain
Published: June 2024

One of the most significant environmental cues for fish that promotes feeding and growth is food. The key determinant of efficiency and cost in a fish farming business is feed intake, which maximizes production efficiency. The first and most important condition is that diets must provide all necessary nutrients and energy in sufficient amounts to meet the needs of the species in question for physical or gonadal growth, health, and well-being. The optimization of feeding includes analyzing fish feeding behaviour. A complex habit that is directly related to food intake is feeding behaviour. Understanding a fish species' feeding behaviours and diets is essential for comprehending many facets of its biology, physiology, and behaviour. To choose baits and to optimize fishing tactics, one might use knowledge of prey preferences, feeding grounds, and daily feeding activity cycles. Numerous environmental influences as well as intricate homeostatic systems, including metabolites and central and peripheral hormone components, control feeding behaviour. Fish feeding behaviour and food intake are significantly influenced by extraneous influences. Here, we look at recent developments in the study of fish feeding behaviour with regard to nutritional preference and selection, as well as some significant external factors that affect feed intake and feeding behaviour. In order to completely determine the functional significance of feeding behaviour in fish, we also identified information areas for further investigation.
AGRICULTURE AND AQUACULTURE:THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY
Authors: Sadasivan Saritha , Bagde Prachi , Jahan Iffat
Published: June 2024

Agriculture and aquaculture form a major source of income in the Asian countries. Along with the benefits provided by both sectors to mankind, many adverse consequences are also produced to the ecological functions and services. Methane emissions from cattle rearing, eutrophication due to point and nonpoint sources of drainages, pesticides, antibiotics, escapement of introduced, exotic or genetically modified organisms etc. are included in the negative consequences. In all cases, freshwater and marine aquatic organisms are affected by bioaccumulation and biomagnification and will directly affect the biological functions of the organisms which ultimately affect mankind. Therefore, it is required strict guidelines for the proper aquaculture and agriculture practices will have a positive impact on biodiversity.
FISH SCALES
Authors: Lanthaimeilu Kamei
Published: June 2024

Fish scales are the small, flat, overlapping structures covering most fish species' skin. It is a vital part for the fish, but as for humans, it is the unwanted part, and it is termed fish waste. Fish scales are of many types and have different modifications for their survival instinct in which ecological environment they thrive; it protects against physical damage, parasites, and infections.
DIETARY REQUIREMENTS OF ARGININE FOR FARMED FISH SPECIES
Authors: K. S. Wisdom Dr. , Hafeef Roshan Dr.
Published: June 2024

Protein stands out as the most costly and crucial component within fish diets, providing amino acids (AA) essential for energy, growth, protein synthesis, and serving as substrates for key metabolic pathways. Beyond its role in protein synthesis, the term "functional AA" is employed to characterize amino acids involved in cellular processes. The deficiency or imbalance of these functional AAs can result in impaired body metabolism and homeostasis. In recent decades, amino acids have emerged as an unconventional and adaptable domain for enhancing disease resistance, immune response, reproduction, behavior, and more. Arginine, among the essential amino acids, is recognized as one of the functional amino acids in animals. The dietary requirement of arginine in fish spans between 3.0 and 8.1% of dietary protein. This amino acid is implicated in diverse cellular processes such as ureagenesis, immune function, antioxidant defense, somatotropic axis, stress responses, and ammonia detoxification in fish. To delve deeper into the effects of arginine in fish, a book chapter focusing on arginine in various fish species has been published. It encompasses variations in arginine requirements among different fish species, the modulation of ureagenesis and ammonia detoxification, the interaction of arginine with lysine and glutamine, the modulation of insulin and growth hormone responses, cortisol response, modulation of the antioxidant system, immune responses, and disease resistance.
DIGITALIZATION AS INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT IN AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES AS FUTURE IMPORTANCE
Authors: Verma Durgesh Kumar , Monika Ms. , Barad Ridhdhisa R. , Satyaveer Mr. , Chandra Ishwar , Maurya Narendra Kumar , Ranjan Devarshi
Published: June 2024

Improving the livelihoods of fishermen, increasing industry sustainability, and economic growth are all possible outcomes of the digitalization of fisheries in India. Yet, it is crucial to ensure that all stakeholders, especially small-scale fishermen and fish farms, have access to and can afford these digital tools. By enhancing productivity, sustainability, and profitability while minimizing environmental effects, artificial intelligence has the potential to revolutionize fisheries and aquaculture. We may anticipate even more cutting-edge applications of artificial intelligence in the fisheries and aquaculture industries as these technologies develop and become more widely available. GIS and GPS have developed into helpful tools for fisheries management, helping to offer important information regarding fish populations, fishing activities, and oceanographic conditions. The creation of efficient management strategies, preservation of fish habitats, and upkeep of sustainable fishing methods all use this data.
IMPORTANCE OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE IN AGRICULTURE
Authors: Barthawal Jyoti , Senathipathi Deep Nithun , Yadav Sristhi , Kak Vasudha , Moorthy Gururaj , Singh Keerti
Published: June 2024

Plant Tissue culture is a cutting-edge strategy and has been utilized in science that empowers to develop plants in lab conditions under unambiguous circumstances. It tends to be finished to concentrate on a different number of steps and changes happening in the actual plant, giving a proper edge. Plant tissue culture is also known as Micropropagation. Plants that can't be become because of the slow time of year issue can be filled effectively in the actual lab with the assistance of plant tissue culture procedure. Likewise, this can be of extraordinary assistance in giving sickness free plants and afterward developing them in fields in an enormous sum. It tends to be of extraordinary assistance that might give help to farmers in agriculture at a rate that welcomes pockets. Plant tissue culture manages a wide extension and may see a fast development later. The chapter discusses plant tissue culture, including its origins and creation. the various forms of culture that can be used to conduct plant tissue culture. Media utilised as a source. Factors that have an impact on a plant's development and growth. Plant tissue culture's advantages and downsides. The most crucial are agriculture's future characteristics. The method works well and benefits farmers greatly.
EDIBLE INSECTS AS VALUABLE SOURCE OF NUTRITION: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Ghosh Ashmita
Published: June 2024

Insects are vital components of the environment, they provide a variety of ecological services to both agriculture and the natural world. They view as being crucial to human survival. As a food source, insects have not yet been fully utilised and developed. The nutritional content of edible insects was reviewed based on analysis and research. The findings revealed that insects had high levels of protein (20–70%), amino acids (30–60%), fat (10–50%), fatty acids and carbohydrates (between 2 and 10 percent), minerals, vitamins, and other active substances that support human health. In terms of protein sources, edible insects are just as nutritious as other animals or plants. As nutritive resources, edible insects can be used widely and have significant development potential because insects are known for their wide range of species and large populations. This review mainly deals with the nutritional excellencies of edible insects.
SERICIN AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN BIOMEDICAL SECTORS: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Nuri SK
Published: June 2024

The economic use of silk, a proteinous fibre made up of sericin and fibroin, allows for the production of superb silk clothing. Approximately 20–30% of a silk cocoon's sericin content dissolves during the silk reeling process and is regarded as a waste. Silk glue protein sericin, a naturally occurring polypeptide obtained from cocoons of silkworms, has received a great deal of attention due to its good biochemical activities and predictable physical-chemical features. It is employed in the biomedical field. Sericin is naturally cell adhesive and biocompatible, enabling cells to unite, multiply, and differentiate in materials containing sericin. In addition, sericin's many functional groups, which it derives from its diverse amino acid makeup, enable it to be biochemically altered and combined to produce flexible structures which might be utilized as substitute biological matrixes. Sericin has lately been added to a wide range of biological materials used in tissue construction and regenerative therapies, including films, scaffolding, conduits, micro-nano formulations, and devices. In this chapter, we provide a thorough examination of the biochemistry, and types of silk sericin protein, explain its many forms, and highlight recently established and potential biological uses.
MULBERRY (MORUS SPP): THE ULTIMATE PLANT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Acharya Ritwik
Published: June 2024

Mulberry (Morus spp.), a member of the Moraceae family, is identified as a special plant because of its wide geographic distribution across continents, its versatility in cultivation, many uses for its leafy foliage, and its benefits in safety measures of the environment like eco-restoration of the degraded soil, bioremediation of polluted specific sites, water conservation, soil erosion prevention, and improvement of air quality through carbon sequestration. In order to battle the issue of ongoing environmental degradation and population expansion, policymakers and scientists have begun to pay attention to the further exploitation of mulberry through the creation of diverse products in the pharmaceutical, food, and healthcare industries other than its use as the feed of Bombyx mori larvae in sericulture. As mulberry is used in the pharmaceutical and food industries and in environmental safety measures, it is appropriate to refer to it as the plant ideal for sustainable development. All the crucial mulberry traits were compiled in this review article in order to evaluate it as the perfect plant for ensuring a sustainable future.
WASTEWATER-FED AQUACULTURE: A SOLUTION FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE THROUGH WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Goud Ediga Arun , Suryawanshi Umesh , Aitwar Vaijnath S. , Chhaba Bhagchand
Published: June 2024

Wastewater is used for aquaculture in several places of Asia. Nutrient-rich wastewater is introduced into a designed aquatic environment, which consists of one or more water bodies and an integrated food web. Contrary to other biological wastewater treatment techniques that mostly rely on degradation processes, wastewater-fed aquaculture (WFA) is a productive wastewater treatment approach which reuses the wastewater. The system's primary goal is to assimilate dissolved nutrients into biomass. The organic compounds are consumed or mineralised along with the purification of wastewater. Unlike traditional wastewater treatment facilities, WFA places a major focus on the quality of the synthesised biomass and generates a variety of useful products as well as very little sludge. With wastewater fed aquaculture the creation of useful grey water (purification and hygienization of wastewater) and value items (food, animal feed, decorative plants animals, and raw materials) are accomplished concurrently. Along with purification of wastewater reduction in bacterial count, BOD5, COD and nutrients can also be achieved.
SCIENCE BEHIND TRANSGENIC CROP TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Adhimoolam Premkumar , ManojKumar K. , Karthick J. , Nadaradjan S.
Published: June 2024

Transgenic technology process begins with isolating specific genes responsible for desired traits, followed by their insertion into the target organism's DNA using various techniques like gene guns or bacterial vectors. This precise manipulation allows for the expression of novel traits, such as increased resistance to pests, disease and enhanced nutritional value. Researcher’s analyses gene functions and their interactions to meticulously ensure the precise insertion and expression of genes. Furthermore, in India, regulatory authorities rigorously evaluate transgenic crops to ensure minimal environmental impact and no health risks to the public. Transgenic technology presents solutions to global challenges, including addressing food security, treating diseases, and establishing sustainable production methods. The continuous scientific advancements driving transgenic technology offer promising pathways for both scientific exploration and societal progress.
UTILIZATION OF WATER CHESTNUT AND BARLEY AS POTENTIAL INGREDIENT IN BAKERY PRODUCTS
Authors: Anjali Srivastava Er. , Mishra Siddhant , Singh Sunil Kumar , Singh Himanshu
Published: June 2024

Diabetes, one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases, affects a sizeable section of the global population. As bakery products have a high GI and cause blood sugar levels to rise, diabetic people are unable to consume them. Few underutilised crops, such as water chestnut and barley, for the can be used for production of low glycemic index (GI) bakery products. Water chestnut and barley flour can be used to create low GI baked items because they have low GI values (Water Chestnut GI value - 54; Barley GI value – 28). Water chestnut and barley flour Product may prove to be an effective diet for those with hyperglycemia. Jaggery and Honey, which are natural sweeteners, are used in place of table sugar in the baking process to further reduce GI and increase their commercial viability in therapeutic diets. Moreover, There are some other health benefits and essential properties which help the human body from many chronic diseases Some properties are antidiabetic properties, antiobesity, cardiovascular disease prevention, anticancer effect, antioxidation, anti-inflammation,immunomodulation, cardioprotection, hypocholesterolaemic effects etc.
ROOTSTOCKS FOR TROPICAL AND SUB- TROPICAL FRUIT CROPS
Authors: Kolekar Shivaji N.
Published: June 2024

When it comes to fruit crops, rootstocks are crucial in determining how productive orchards are. separate growth results can be obtained by budding or grafting two separate plants together that have complementary traits. This variance is apparent when taking into account the relative importance of rootstocks with respect to precocity, yield, and tree size control; additionally, variations in crop load, annual phenological cycles, fruit respiration patterns, and canopy management approaches are all taken into account. However, the impact of these factors on physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects is still not fully comprehended. Rootstocks exert their influence on scion growth, vigor, and structure, as well as the precocity of the scion, flowering abundance, the likelihood of successful fruit set, and yield efficiency. The utilization of rootstocks in various fruit crops significantly impacts fruit crop production by influencing factors such as canopy structure, nutrient absorption, flowering, yield, and fruit quality (Rom et al., 1987). Moreover, rootstocks can also mitigate both biotic and abiotic stressors, including challenges related to soil pathogens, temperature extremes, salinity, and nutritional imbalances (Reddy et al., 2003). Rootstocks play a central role in determining the overall efficiency of orchards, encompassing responsibilities for water and mineral uptake and providing tree stability. They can provide some degree of tolerance to soils that may be overly moist or dry, and they are essential in regulating the size of trees. Studies and research on the selection and use of appropriate rootstocks in crops such as citrus, mango, and grapes have previously been carried out in a number of nations, with an emphasis on controlling growth vigor, nutrient absorption, soil salinity, moisture stress, and yield efficiency. India has yet to fully exploit the significant potential of rootstocks for many commercial fruit crops, and there is a need to identify rootstocks with optimal attributes that align with the specific environmental conditions in which the trees will be cultivated. This implies that a rootstock deemed most suitable for a particular variety and set of environmental conditions may not be the ideal choice for a different variety in a distinct environmental context (Nimbolkar et al., 2016). As such, comprehensive research on rootstocks for tropical and sub-tropical fruit crops becomes imperative.
AI-ASSISTED 3D PRINTING – INSIGHTS ON EMERGING TRENDS AND TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Simha Akshaya , Manjunath Attel , K G Pranesh , K C Nagaraja
Published: June 2024

This chapter explores the convergence of artificial intelligence and 3D printing, revolutionizing manufacturing and design. It uncovers how AI enhances rapid prototyping, customization, and supply chain optimization. Industries like healthcare benefit from tailored medical devices, while automotive gains lightweight, efficient components. Trends include generative design for optimal structures, real-time monitoring, and AI-driven material development. Enabling technologies like machine learning and computer vision are vital for seamless integration. Challenges like data privacy and standardization are acknowledged, along with the potential for increased automation and refined algorithms. Through case studies and analyses, the chapter reveals the transformative potential of AI-assisted 3D printing, offering insights into the evolving landscape of manufacturing innovation.
A SURVEY BASED STUDY TO ASCERTAIN THE CONTRIBUTING FACTORS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TPM IN SMES
Authors: Pai M Prashanth
Published: June 2024

Maintenance is considered to be a key activity in any manufacturing industry to improve the performance of plant and machineries. Total Productive Maintenance, Total Quality Management, Lean Production, Six Sigma, Just-in-time are some of the performance improving initiatives executed by several manufacturing organizations. This article highlights the extent to which TPM is being used in the selected Enterprises of Small to Medium scale (SMEs). The study is conducted with the aid of a questionnaire comprising of 22 questions related to TPM implementation. The responses are received from the executives, line engineers, managers and supervisors from various SMEs involving manufacturing and non-manufacturing organizations. A total of 126 responses are received from various SMEs and this gives the sample size. A 5-point Likert scale is used to rate the responses. The responses collected are analysed with the help of statistical tools such as bar charts, interpreted methodically and inferences are drawn. Analysis indicate that only 41 SMEs out of 126 have chosen TPM for improving their performance and remaining are yet to initiate the use of it. The study also ascertains the possible reasons for not initiating the implementation of TPM in the SMEs identified.
INFLUENCE OF NANOFILLER ADDITION ON TENSILE PROPERTIES IN FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES
Authors: K G Pranesh , Manjunath Attel , Nagaraja K C , Simha Akshaya
Published: June 2024

Fiber reinforced polymer composites play an important role during material selection in various engineering application due to their weight to strength ratio. The tensile properties such as tensile strength and tensile modulus are play a very vital role during selection of materials for engineering applications. These properties can be investigate in fiber reinforced polymer composites according to ASTM D3039. The commonly used synthetic fibers during fabrication of fiber reinforced polymer composites are E-glass, Carbon and Kevlar with matrix material as epoxy and nanofiller such as nanosilica, multi wall carbon nanotube, titanium oxide, silicon carbide, halloy site, tungsten carbide, aluminum oxide, graphene, carbon nano tube, calcium carbonate. The widely used method for addition of nanofiller to fiber reinforced polymer composite during fabrication process with matrix materials are shear mixing and ultra-sonication. The research results for tensile properties show that, the addition of nanofiller had an effective impact in enhancing tensile properties in fiber reinforced polymer composites.
FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS
Authors: Kumar S N Naveen
Published: June 2024

Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) are heterogeneous materials that have been artificially designed to meet the demand for a variety of contradictory qualities. They have numerous uses, including in the automotive, gas and oil, defense, and space industries. This chapter provides the overview of FGM materials, types of FGMs, processing methods, applications and challenges. This chapter provides readers a more comprehensive picture of functionally graded materials. In this Chapter a summary of aluminium based FGMs, Magnesium based FGMs and Copper Tungsten based FGMs are also discussed. The applications of FGMs are mentioned in this chapter along with the challenges in production of FGMs.
DESIGN AND FUNCTIONAL VALIDATION OF SEMI-AUTOMATED WATER SKIMMER FOR SURFACE DEBRIS
Authors: M H Nishchitha , Manjunath Attel , K N Manjunatha , Tiwari Adharsh , Jadhav Adhitya N , Nag Nuthan
Published: June 2024

The work is focused to develop and evaluate the functional correctness of remote controlled water trash collector. A water skimmer is a semi-autonomous device that will float across the water surface of any water body and collect the garbage and the debris floating on the surface. A robot is developed for clearing debris from the water's surface. Arover in construction that can offer great stability, and good maneuverability, and readily collect all the trash floating on the water bodies. A motor-driven collecting-arm system is developed to remove and collect surface debris, collecting the waste and redeploying it into a rectangular basket on the hull through a conveyor belt. Large volumes of debris may be accommodated inside this design, and it makes waste collection efficient in a compact area. Styrofoam will be used to create the hulls for the prototype, which will then be covered in waterproof epoxy and wrapped in fiber. The system's overall weight will be supported by strong, light aluminum framework. The robot’s propulsion system, which will be based on a differential drive mechanism and delivers tremendous thrust and 360o turning capability. Inside the hull, electronic circuits and motors are installed to shield them from the water. Gathered trash can be measured through FSR sensor and the data is updated in the website as database management. This system is cost-effective, robust, and durable. The system is also extended to manage the database for collected waste.
DETECTION OF DDOSATTACKSUSING MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Anusha Ms. J , AkhilKrishna Mr. B. , Munindhar U. , Vaishnavi Ms. K , Srinidhi Ms. B.
Published: June 2024

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) assaults are cyber attacks that use numerous computers to transmit massive data packets that exhaust the resources of the computer network services. The computer network service's port mirroring allows for the observation and capture of the entire data packet as well as significant data are in log files format delivered by attacker. Network traffic divided into two conditions: regular traffic and attack traffic, according to the classification system. Various machine learning methods, including support vector machines have been used in this research. The random forest model out performed tradition al algorithms in terms of performance. We used the Canadian Institute for Cyber Security (CIC) dataset to train these algorithms. It covers 10 possible attacks of IOT environment and normal class. One approach for processing numerical attributes as input and determining whether access to a network will be "normal" or "attack" access by DDoS, is the Random Forest classification. The purpose of the research is to train a model using machine learning approachesthat can detect and categorize the type of DDoS assault with more accuracy than each individual machine learning technique utilized.
FABRICATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF A SERVO CONTROLLED PICK AND PLACE ROBOTIC ARM
Authors: Johnson A.
Published: June 2024

This paper addresses the automation of a material handling system responsible for orchestrating the motion of a robotic arm. The objective is to enable the arm to successfully grasp objects that are in transit on a conveyor belt oriented along the vertical axis This study focuses on constructing a model designed to identify items positioned on a conveyor. Subsequently, the model retrieves and positions these items in their predetermined locations through automation. This approach eliminates repetitive tasks that were previously carried out by humans, while simultaneously enhancing work precision and speed. The primary objective of this project involves the automated manipulation of objects through a robotic arm for picking and placing tasks. The system is additionally equipped with an infrared (IR) obstacle sensor and an audible buzzer alert. The microcontroller transmits signals to the robotic arm's motors, orchestrating their movement to grasp and position objects accurately according to predetermined coordinates. Responding to object detection, the robotic arm navigates to the designated location, releases the object, and subsequently returns to its initial position. The system also incorporates a light-dependent resistor (LDR) sensor to verify the presence of and changes in containers. An IR obstacle sensor is employed to detect the presence of the object. The optical sensor is a fusion of an infrared sensor and a phototransistor. As the object interrupts the passage of infrared light to the phototransistor, a square wave output signal is generated at the sensor's output stage. This digital signal is then transmitted to the Microcontroller. The fundamental firmware for the microcontroller is coded in Embedded C language. The system also integrates a comparator circuit to compare and identify obstacles, activating a buzzer alarm for alerts. A DC motor propels the movement of the conveyor belt, while a servomotor facilitates the grasping and positioning of objects into a container at a specific angle. The project encompasses components like a microcontroller, an IR obstacle sensor for object detection, servomotors, and DC motors. The hardware's block diagram is depicted below. Alongside this, a DC motor is employed to manage the vertical movement of the conveyor belt and to trigger user notifications upon object detection using the IR obstacle sensor. By utilizing the IR sensor for object detection, the system is capable of discerning object presence on the conveyor belt. The microcontroller is programmed and its code is written in the C programming language.
NATURAL FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES – AN REVIEW
Authors: Amarnath K. , Babu Dr. K. Jayanendra , Yedukondallu Dr. G. , Kumar Dr. M.V. Satish
Published: June 2024

Because of their sustainability and devotion to the environment, natural fibers are drawing increased attention from scientists and academics for usage in polymer composites. This review article's goal is to provide a comprehensive examination of the most well-liked and pertinent natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications. Additionally, it gives a brief summary of the several natural fiber surface treatments that have been applied to them and how those treatments alter the properties of NFPCs. The fiber source, fiber type, and fiber structure all affect the properties of NFPCs. study of the effects of chemical treatments on the properties of thermosetting and thermoplastic composites reinforced with natural fibers. Numerous limitations, such as increased water absorption, worse fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties, limited the uses for NFPCs. The impacts of chemical treatment on NFPCs' water absorption, tribology, viscoelastic behavior, relaxation behavior, energy absorption, flame retardancy, and biodegradability were also highlighted. It is demonstrated how to apply NFPCs to a variety of industries, including the construction and automotive sectors. The study's findings demonstrated that chemically treating natural fiber enhanced adhesion between the fiber surface and polymer matrix, enhancing the NFPCs' mechanical, thermochemical, and physical characteristics.
DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY AFTER PCI-WHAT DO THE GUIDELINES SAY?
Authors: Pathak Dr. Ankan
Published: June 2024

Dual‐antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is recommended after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients presenting with both chronic coronary syndrome as well as acute coronary syndrome. However the use of DAPT as well as its duration remains a topic open for debate for cardiologists and physicians. Usage of optimal duration of DAPT is an art rather than science. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI), also known as coronary angioplasty or stent placement, is a one of the most commonly used interventional cardiology procedure to treat obstructive coronary artery disease. Following PCI, these patients are at an increased risk of developing thrombotic events due to the basic pathophysiology of platelet activation and clot formation around the stent. To prevent these complications, Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) is the standard of care, involving the combination of two antiplatelet agents, typically aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor- ticagrelor or prasugrel.
FUTURISTIC TRENDS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES
Authors: Kumari Dr. Kusum
Published: June 2024

The World Health Organisation defines health technology as the "application of organised knowledge and skills in the form of devices, medicines, vaccines, procedures, and systems developed to solve a health problem and improve quality of life." In the days before the internet, patients had to deal with inadequate clinical systems, practices, and conditions... Medical technology was not developed enough in the past, which led to many medical errors. The prevention, monitoring, and treatment of critical diseases and medical illnesses have been completely transformed by digital technologies including the Internet of Medical Things, big data analytics, 5G, and artificial intelligence. Recent technological developments in the medical sciences have completely changed how healthcare is provided. It is imperative to recognise, nonetheless, that utilising the newest technology may not come without possible drawbacks.
KIDNEY WELLNES: A GUIDE TO RENAL REHABILITATION
Authors: Chetan Dr. G. Sai , Sharma Dr. Himanshu , M Dr. Srinivasulu.
Published: June 2024

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health concern characterized by the progressive loss of renal function over time. Its prevalence has steadily increased, attributed to factors such as aging populations, rising rates of diabetes and hypertension, and improved detection methods. CKD encompasses various stages, ranging from mild impairment to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), necessitating renal replacement therapy. Despite advancements in pharmacological treatments, CKD management remains challenging, prompting exploration into adjunctive therapies such as physiotherapy. Prevalence and Incidence: CKD affects millions worldwide, with estimates suggesting a prevalence of around 10% globally. Incidence rates vary across regions and demographics, with higher prevalence observed in older adults and individuals with comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension. The burden of CKD extends beyond health implications, encompassing significant economic costs associated with healthcare utilization and productivity loss. Physiotherapy Advantages: Physiotherapy plays a multifaceted role in CKD management, offering several advantages in improving patients' quality of life and clinical outcomes. Exercise interventions tailored to CKD patients have been shown to enhance cardiovascular health, muscular strength, and functional capacity while mitigating symptoms of fatigue and depression. Additionally, physiotherapy interventions focusing on respiratory muscle training and pulmonary rehabilitation contribute to better respiratory function and exercise tolerance, particularly relevant in CKD patients with respiratory comorbidities or undergoing dialysis.
MUSIC – A BOON TO LIFE
Authors: Prathiba Dr. S , Kumar Dr. P Mahesh
Published: June 2024

In this article the activation of brain by music and way how neuronal connections within the brain are stimulated while listening to music are discussed. The impact of music on the nondominanthemisphere of the brain and how music can pacify the negative thoughts in an individual have been discussed. The roles of music in the recovery from neuropsychiatry disorders have also been mentioned.
THE RISE & DOWNFALL OF STARTUPS
Authors: Mohammed Nazmal , Kosuri Dr. Srigouri
Published: June 2024

India has 108 Unicorns, CRED, PHARMEASY, BYJU’s, MEESHO, GROWW, NYKAA are some examples. It’s good for a growing economy like India, but most of these companies are not profitable. Startup begins with an Idea, with no value attached to it. It grows into a business plan, founders present investors the business plan, investors evaluate these plans, and then they invest money into the company. Funding for startups usually hyped. The value of business is determined by some parameters like 1. Attractiveness of Idea 2. Reasonable nature of Product 3. Appeal of Product in the Market 4. Background of the founders etc.,
ROLE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Gopichand Balusu , P Pushpa , F Neeralagi Annapurna , N Ashoka
Published: June 2024

Agriculture continues to be the mainstay of our country’s economy. Nearly 85 per cent of the population lives in rural areas. Majority of the rural families depend on the agriculture and allied activities for their livelihood. In spite of successful research on new agricultural practices, the majority of farmers are not getting upper bound yield due to several reasons. Social science plays an important role in community empowerment and socio-economic development of the farming community in India. Social science provides insights into the behavioral patterns, motivations, and decision-making processes of farmers and other stakeholders in the agricultural sector. As agriculture continues to evolve in a rapidly changing world, the insights and interventions provided by social science are essential for fostering sustainable, inclusive, and resilient agricultural development.
MIGRATION AND QUALITY OF LIFE: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND COMPLEXITIES
Authors: Chaurasia Dr. Reema , Shukul Prof (Dr). Maneesha
Published: June 2024

This chapter explores the multifaceted concept of quality of life (QoL), delving into its historical roots, evolving interpretations, and complex linkages with migration. Quality of life encompasses personal experience and living conditions, fostering diverse interpretations. The evolution of quality of life studies, driven by post-Wold War II societal awareness, led to a holistic approach that considers subjective well-being. Migration, while promising economic and cultural benefits, presents challenges impacting migrants' well-being. Research by Chaurasia and Shukul (2005) shed light on migration's impact on QoL. Comprehensive studies on migration and QoL are essential for informed policy-making and societal development, requiring a future-oriented perspective to address emerging trends.
UNDERSTANDING FOOD AUTONOMY AND SELF-HELP
Authors: Singh Dr. Shweta
Published: June 2024

Food autonomy involves the ability to make decisions, the ability to choose and the ability to use resources. It is related to a recognition of peasant participation in food production, their access to resources and the creation of relations with markets. Food autonomy requires consideration of the various connectivity and self-help actions organised by the peasants’ communities. An initiative of SHG mung-bean food-based ME in Mangali village of Hisar is presented in this chapter to understand how the group functions. SHGs can become an agent of change as i) it consolidates local mung-bean food production, local resources and motivations of the peasants; ii) it develops another perspective of development based upon a more localized choice for processing, distributing, marketing and accessing local food; and iii) it empowers local people (especially peasants and the poor rural community) and strengthens the connectivity between local mung-bean production and consumption. The need remains for technological efforts to address the specific location of peasant resources while in the SHG there is a need to restore or redefine collective responsibility.
BOOSTING FARM MECHANIZATION FOR THE BENEFIT OF FOR FARMERS
Authors: Desai Dr. Rajeshwari , Channal Dr. Geeta , Chitagubbi Dr. Geeta
Published: June 2024

Mechanised agriculture or agricultural mechanization is the use of machinery and equipment, ranging from simple and basic hand tools to more sophisticated, motorized equipment and machinery, to perform agricultural operations. The farm mechanization aids in increasing production, productivity and profitability in agriculture by achieving timeliness in farm operations, bringing precision in placement of inputs, increasing utilization of costly inputs (seed, chemical, fertilizer, irrigation, water etc.) and by reducing labour cost and drudgery of farmers/farm women. The are various limitations in adopting farm mechanization are small and fragmented land holdings leads to lack of access to farm power, unchallenging agricultural labour in India, expensive machines and lack of availability of appropriate farm machines for different farm operations. Custom Hiring Centre (CHC) is a unit composing a set of farm machinery, implements and equipment meant for hiring to farmers. It identifies the farm machinery to be kept based on the local cropping pattern and demand from the farming community. The subsidy schemes are also being formulated to encourage entrepreneurs and agri graduates to set up custom hiring centres. Therefore, keeping in view the emphasis of agricultural farm machinery and the need for taking the of farm machinery within the reach of small/marginal farmers, institutional credit needs to be made available for CHCs. The CHCs hire out farm equipment to the farming community in order to make revenue. The hourly hiring fees are depending on machine size; larger machines will incur higher fees. Therefore, the country's growing requirement for agricultural mechanisation can only be met by implementing clear policy measures and strategic planning. In order to stay up to date with the latest developments in agricultural mechanisation, technology upgrading must be an ongoing process.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO NON-COMPLIANCE OF NPOs - WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CHARITABLE TRUSTS IN INDIA
Authors: Qureshi Faraz Ahmad , Chaturvedi Dr. Pooja
Published: June 2024

This essay delves into an investigation of the issue of non-compliance within NPOs (non-profit organizations), with a specific focus on Charitable Trusts in the context of India. By examining patterns, causes, consequences, and potential solutions, this investigation aims to shed light on the complexities surrounding non-compliance in the NPO sector.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION FOR SELF-RELIANCE IN INDIA: A PATHWAY TO ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Kumar Dr. Amit , Kumari Ms. Rohini
Published: June 2024

In the long history of human existence, the idea of self-reliance has never been a new concept. Economists define self-sufficiency or self-reliance as the state of not requiring any aid, support, interaction or trade with the outside world. it means a national economy that seeks to use its natural and human capital to the maximum to generate growth and employment and, vitally, develop an economic and financial structure that is not excessively dependent on the outside world for markets, supplies and investments.In the present scenario, “Self-Reliance is the ability of a country to maintain its domestic supply chain along with satisfying the global demand. It is that state in which a country achieves more inclusive growth with human welfare at its heart”. The digital economy is largely considered as pro-environment or green sector and the concept of digital transformation has gained immense prominence in today's rapidly evolving global landscape. In India, a nation striving for economic growth and sustainability, digital transformation presents a compelling pathway towards achieving self-reliance. Digital transformation begins with the development of a robust digital infrastructure that encompasses reliable high-speed internet connectivity, advanced data centres, and cloud services. Such infrastructure is essential for enabling seamless access to digital technologies across the country, thereby fostering innovation and competitiveness in both urban and rural areas. In the context of India, a nation striving for self-reliance and economic prosperity, the adoption and integration of digital technologies play a crucial role in accelerating progress.
IMPACT OF TRAININGS ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
Authors: Sahu Dr. Anjali , Awasthi Dr. Nimisha , Singh Dr. Ajay Kumar
Published: June 2024

Training is one of the mandatory activity of the Krishi Vigyan Kendra which are organized with the objective to create awareness, for providing technical know how and imparting skills which help farm women to be selfefficient and selfreliant leading to empowerment. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kushinagar organized 178 trainings for rural women at kvk campus and at selected villages which benefitted the 3136 rural women for their empowerment.The women gained knowledge in different aspect of farming which increased their efficiency and ultimately their productivity therefore it may be concluded that trainings are effective and useful for women empowerment.
THE DETERMINANTS OF FINANCIAL KNOWLEDGE AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS - A STUDY
Authors: Jabeen Dr. Urooj Afshan
Published: June 2024

The general literacy rate in India is improving but the financial literacy rate is low. Financial knowledge is required for understanding activities such as news about the economy and well informed financial decisions. This study selected Government Degree College for Women, Nalgonda to know the financial knowledge of women students. A total of 95 undergraduate students sample is selected from Arts, Commerce and Science Courses of the college. The students’ financial knowledge about liquidity, risk and return, diversification, compound interest, interest rate inflation and purchasing power, earning, spending, saving, investing, financial service and financial product. The results showed that the overall financial knowledge of the sample students of the college about these basic concepts is lower. The financial knowledge of the students of Bachelor of Arts is higher than the students of Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Science. Based on the results of study it is recommended for organizing financial classes and workshops to the students belonging to all the courses in the college.