bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LABORATORY PRODUCTION OF HERB-MATE (ILEX PARAGUARIENSIS) FOR HOT MATE – A PARALLEL WITH THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PRODUCTS AVAILABLE ON THE MARKET
Authors: SCHMIDT Guilherme Rufatto
Published: August 2021

Herb-mate is a raw material of great importance to Southern Brazil, considering its annual production of approximately 650,000 tons of leaves. The hot mate, known as chimarrão, is the most appreciated beverage and its consumption is linked to the traditions and cultural habits predominantly in the south of the country. Considering its huge importance, the objective of the work was to evaluate the production of laboratory herbmate for chimarrão in order to establish a comparison with the products available on the market. Therefore, it was considered the current legislation and the analysis of its organoleptic and granulometric properties, humidity level and concentration of some toxic metals quantified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The manufacturing of the final product was made in three steps: first of all, the leaves were submitted to direct fire, then they were dried at a temperature of 40 Cº for 24 hours and, finally, they were ground in a knife mill for 10 minutes. The obtained results showed, in most of the analyzed characteristics, a great similarity between the laboratorial and commercial herb, obtaining approval from 90% of chimarrão consumers who participated in the organoleptic tests. However, the coloration was considered darker and can be explained by logistic problems between the plantation and the laboratory. There was also a divergence in the metals analysis, which showed a higher lead and cadmium concentration when compared to the herbs found on the supermarket shelves. Alarming numbers for consumers were found, since the commercial herbs pointed levels above the recommended for all analyzed metals, which indicate the urgent need for better inspection, as well as improved manufacturing practices of the final product and a better raw material cultivation.
TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF HEAVY METALS ADSORBED ON THE SURFACE OF ACTIVATED CARBON
Authors: SHAROV Artem V. , PLOTNIKOVA Olga M. , EVSEEV Vadim V. , RYKOVA Anna I.
Published: August 2021

The article studies the effect of activated carbon with sorption capacity saturated by manganese (II) and chromium (III) ions on the vital activity of organisms and systems. Desorption of the toxic component from the surface of the sorbent occurs in accordance with the sorption equilibrium constant. This can produce a polluting effect on the water passing through carbon, on the activity of the soil microorganisms, and on the areas allocated for storage of used sorbents. The article presents new data on the effect of extracts of activated carbon saturated with manganese (II) and chromium (III) salts on the parameters of the blood of laboratory mice and the vital activity of soil microorganisms. The authors synthesized activated carbons with manganese (II) and chromium (III) ions adsorbed on the surface. The activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and the content of total protein, albumin, urea, medium molecular weight molecules, malonic dialdehyde, and products of protein oxidation were identified in the blood of mice after oral administration of extracts of sorbents. After contact with the soil, the effect of adsorbed metals on its catalase and phosphatase activity was detected, as well as changes in the number and composition of soil microorganisms. The study demonstrated that carbons, with a sorption capacity filled by metal ions, affected some of the studied parameters. The authors recorded an increase in the number of products of lipid peroxidation and in urea content after the administration of sorbent suspensions; at the same time, a decrease in the total protein content in the blood of mice was noted. Manganese-adsorbed by carbon also causes a decrease in the number of oligonitrophilic, oligotrophic, and amylolytic groups of soil microorganisms, as well as a simplification of the generic structure of soil micromycetes due to the disappearance of rare genera of Miceliasterilia, Myrothecium.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF MECHATRONIC MODULES AND POWER SOURCES FOR PROSPECTIVE MOBILE OBJECTS
Authors: KUZNETSOVA Ekaterina L. , MAKARENKO Alexander V.
Published: August 2021

Intensive development of equipment contributes to a significant impact on the high level of competitiveness of new samples, improving technologies, and promise of enshrined ideas as well as resource intensity and time of their implementation. The relevance of the scientific paper lies in the fact that in the process of designing drive systems for guiding aviation equipment, one of the important elements is taking into account the limitations on the power source energy storage. The purpose of the scientific paper is to develop a mathematical model of energy efficiency of mechatronic modules and power sources for prospective mobile objects. An integrated approach is used to study the influence of structures and elements of storage devices on the characteristics of power sources in the interest of finding the ways to increase the energy efficiency of the entire drive system for guiding mechatronic modules of aviation systems in general. It has been determined that in order to reduce the weight-size parameters of the power supply source, the stabilizer in the power section, as a rule, is not set. It has been found out that power and information sections of drive systems differ from each other in terms of the stability of the energy coordinates. And stabilized parameters (potential, current) are necessary only for the information channel. With the help of analytical dependencies, the main parameters of the primary source were evaluated depending on the efficiency of the consumer, efficiency of the stabilizer and efficiency of the secondary power source. A method to study the influence of elements of the energy (power) channel on the output power of the power source the mechatronic modules for prospective aviation mobile objects (autonomous aviation drives, guided missiles, guided parachute systems) is being developed.
ANALYSIS OF GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO-PHASE POLYMER-SOLVENT SYSTEMS DURING THE SEPARATION OF SOLUTIONS ACCORDING TO THE INTENSITY OF THE IMAGE OF MICROGRAPHS
Authors: BULYCHEV Nikolay A. , BODRYSHEV Valeriy V. , RABINSKIY Lev N.
Published: August 2021

This paper discusses the study of the shapes and sizes of polymer droplets formed during the phase separation of their solutions with increasing temperature, as well as the parameters of the transitional layers of polymer condensing on the droplet surface formed during this process. For the study, a copolymer of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide was chosen, whose behavior in aqueous solutions and the change in hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance depends on temperature. It has been established that the application of the method of digital image processing allows the introduction of the quantitative criterion – image intensity of a photo. For a more detailed study of the behavior of polymer molecules at the phase boundary, depending on the temperature, the studies of the temperature-dependent behavior of a number of polymers of different composition and structure have been carried out. The use of the digital image processing method for polymer droplets makes it possible to determine the parameters of droplets and their transition layers, to determine the dynamics of nucleation and droplet growth and density changes in the transition layer by the image intensity parameter. The paper has found out that embryos of pluronic are unevenly distributed by volume of solution with the presence of zones with a maximum number of molecules and a zone with a minimum of assembly of molecules. The practical value of the work is in the fact that the results of the study can be used to assess the dynamics of the separation of polymer solutions without involving the time-consuming and expensive instrumental methods of physical and chemical analysis.
APPROXIMATE ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM OF CONJUGATE HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN THE BOUNDARY LAYER AND THE ANISOTROPIC STRIP
Authors: FORMALEV Vladimir F. , KOLESNIK Sergey A. , KUZNETSOVA Ekaterina L.
Published: August 2021

Optimization of technological processes in metallurgy related to transfer and use of heat energy makes more complicated demands for calculation of heat exchange. Therefore, the work, the approximate analytical method for solving the conjugate problems of viscous gas-dynamic boundary layer and thermal conductivity in the anisotropic strip, has been developed. The paper uses modern numerical methods for solving differential equations in partial derivative and analytic methods on the basis of an integral transform of Fourier and Laplace. Boundary equations have been solved analytically with certain simplifications, and the problem of anisotropic heat conduction has been solved analytically. The heat flows are determined analytically by the longitudinal variable at the interface boundary. It has been established that temperature increase of the external surface contributes to that all factors directly impacting on the magnitude of heat flows act towards their reduction. The analytical solution for the problem of thermal conductivity in the anisotropic strip with a general type of anisotropy when the heat flows from the boundary layer are determined at the boundaries is obtained. The conducted research for the temperature of external boundary and heat flow from gas to it demonstrates that with increasing the degree of longitudinal anisotropy the surface temperature of the strip downstream increases from increasing longitudinal heat conduction An original conjugation method using the continuous heat flows, and temperatures at the interface boundary is found. The numerical results for the heat flows and temperatures at the interface boundary have been obtained and analyzed.
CYTOKINE PROFILE (TNFΑ, IL1Β, IL6, IL10) AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CLINICAL FEATURES IN JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS
Authors: NAZAROVA L. Sh. , DANILKO K. V. , MALIEVSKY V. A. , VIKTOROVA T. V. , RAKHMATULLINA I. R.
Published: August 2021

Different cytokines are believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Some of them may serve as the prognostic markers for the disease severity, the eye lesion, and the effectiveness of therapy in JIA patients. To evaluate the serum concentration of TNFα, IL1β, IL6 and IL10, their spontaneous and mitogen-induced production levels in the whole blood cell culture of JIA patients and to correlate these indicators with the disease features and with the effectiveness of methotrexate therapy. Twentyeight Russian patients with JIA, naive for disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, were enrolled in the study. The serum levels of cytokines (TNFα, IL1β, IL6, and IL10); the levels of their spontaneous and mitogen-induced production in the whole blood cell culture were studied by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. The serum levels and spontaneous production levels of TNFα, IL1β, IL10 were low in JIA patients. The levels of TNFα, IL1β, IL6, IL10 in mitogen-induced production were significantly higher than those in spontaneous production (pcor0,05). The association of some clinical features (disease duration, uveitis, elevated ESR, hyperimmunoglobulinemia M with the cytokines (TNFα, IL6, and IL10) levels was established in JIA. The most promising is the association between the uveitis in JIA patients and an increase of spontaneous IL6 production (pcor=0,004), as well as a decrease of mitogen-induced TNFα production (pcor=0,029) in the whole blood cell culture. Statistically significant associations with a response to methotrexate therapy and disease severity in JIA patients were not observed. As a result of studying levels of cytokines (TNFα, IL1β, IL6, and IL10) in JIA patients, the relationship of TNFα, IL6 and IL10 was established with the number of clinical manifestations of the disease. If confirmed in larger samples, the study of the spontaneous IL6 production in the whole blood cell culture might be used for the early diagnosis of the uveitis in JIA patients.
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF WILLOW BARK (SALICACEAE) ON URINARY PARAMETERS, RELATIVE WEIGHT, LIVER AND RENAL FUNCTION INDICES IN RAT
Authors: MANTASHLOU Mohammad Jafar , PIRI Khosro , DELJU Ali
Published: August 2021

The decoction of the stem bark of Salix alba (EASA) is traditionally used in Iran against headache, low back pain and to treat piles. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the safety of decoction of Salix alba stem bark extract after acute and sub-chronic oral administration in male rodents. For the acute study, a single administration of (EASA) was given orally to male mice at doses of 2 ,4, 8, 12,16 and 20 g/kg. In the sub-chronic toxicity study, Salix alba bark extract was administered orally as a single administration to male Wistar rats at doses of 200, 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Animal body weight was recorded throughout the experimental period while hematological and biochemical parameters of blood and urine, as well as the weight of organs, were evaluated. The relative weight of organs was affected significantly by the treatment at the doses of 800 and 1600 mg/kg between liver and kidney that was dose-related. Hematological changes were observed at the doses 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg at the parameters of RBC, Hgb, HCT, PLT, and WBC. Serum AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin increased significantly while total protein and triglycerides significantly decreased. Renal function indices assay in blood showed a significant modification in the 800 and 1600 mg/kg groups at the parameters of creatinine, uric acid and potassium compared to control while, in urine, protein, and calcium markedly increased at the doses of 1600 mg/kg. These results showed that there is a wide margin of safety for the therapeutic use of EASA and that the aqueous stem bark extract of Salix alba had no toxicity in oral acute high dose administration and very low toxicity in oral sub-chronic administration.
DETERMINATION OF TERIFLUNOMIDE ACROSS A WIDE DYNAMIC CONCENTRATION RANGE IN HUMAN PLASMA BY LC–MS/MS
Authors: MOSKALEVA Natalia E. , MESONZHNIK Natalia V. , KUZNETSOV Roman M. , MARKIN Pavel A. , APPOLONOVA Svetlana A.
Published: August 2021

Leflunomide is an antirheumatic drug with anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic properties, it is rapidly metabolized in the body to the active metabolite teriflunomide, which causes its pharmacological activity. At the usual 20-mg daily dosage of leflunomide, the expected teriflunomide plasma concentration is about 35 μg/ml. The pharmacokinetics of the drug is characterized by a large interindividual variability and a long half-life, which in combination with possible side effects creates the need to control the concentration of teriflunomide in the blood plasma. Teriflunomide may increase the risk of fetal death or teratogenic effects when administered to pregnant women. Teriflunomide plasma concentrations less than 0.02 μg/ml are preferred for patients anticipating pregnancy. In this study, a sensitive and high-performance method for analyzing teriflunomide in human blood plasma in a wide range of concentrations was developed and validated using a triple quadrupole liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS/MS). Sample preparation was performed by protein precipitation with acetonitrile, followed by chromatographic separation using an Acquity UPLC BEN C8 1.7 mm, 2.1 × 50 mm column (Waters, USA). D4-teriflunomide was used as an internal standard. The developed method was validated in the concentration range from 0.001 μg/ml to 200 μg/ml teriflunomide in plasma. Accuracy (%), defined as the difference between the nominal and measured concentration and reproducibility (coefficient of variation CV) ranged from -5.02% to 5.00% and from 0.47% to 9.30%, respectively, within the series and between series of samples. The developed method was successfully used to analyze volunteer blood plasma samples after taking 20 mg of leflunomide.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR SIMULATING THE WELL OPERATION WITH ELECTRIC SUBMERSIBLE PUMP INSTALLATIONS
Authors: BUKHTOYAROV Vladimir V. , TYNCHENKO Vadim S. , PETROVSKIY Eduard A. , Buryukin Fedor A.
Published: August 2021

This article presents the research results of parametric and non-parametric identification methods of the technological models of well operation using electric submersible pump installations. The use of a hybrid approach is proposed, combining parametric and non-parametric models to obtain accurate models that allow the prediction of well performance parameters. Studies of simulation methods under conditions of interference effect of different level, which are typical for signaling channels of real data management, control systems, and measuring instruments, have been conducted. The combined models proposed have been constructed with the help of the Rosenblatt–Parzen non-parametric regression, parametric models with automatic adaptation of parameters and artificial neural networks. Such combined models have been shown to possess essential generalizing possibilities, allowing for smoothing of parametrical data and the restoration of initial dependences with a significantly smaller error in relation to the disturbing interference. The developed methods and models were implemented for research purposes in the software system, which allows a complex simulation of changes in parameters during well operation using the electric submersible pump installations. To evaluate the results’ statistical significance, methods of statistical processing have been applied using ANOVA. The results demonstrate that for an effective solution to the problem of the process simulation of well operation and to ensure high adaptability of the models, the combined approach is the most effective method. Models on the basis of artificial neural networks after adjustment allow us to improve the efficiency of the solution to the prediction problem and at the same time have necessary flexibility for adaptation of the computational structure under the conditions of changing performance parameters. The parametric block of models allows us to use a priori information about dependences of performance parameters and to identify reasonably accurate the drift of parameters under the conditions of instability of the process under study.
MASS SPECTROMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF PLASMA MEBEVERINE METABOLITES AND ITS SYNTHESIS
Authors: MOSKALEVA Natalia E. , KUZNETZOV Roman M. , MARKIN Pavel A. , APPOLONOVA Svetlana A.
Published: August 2021

Mebeverine is a musculotropic antispasmodic drug that is widely used in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. As an ester of mebeverine alcohol and veratric acid, mebeverin is quickly metabolized and is practically undetectable in blood plasma. The main goal of this work was establishing the structure of the main metabolites of mebeverin in human blood plasma. The study was conducted by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-IT-TOF MS), metabolites of mebeverine were extracted from plasma with acetonitrile. When comparing chromatograms of blood plasma obtained before and after drug administration, four main peaks of metabolites were detected. To establish the structure of the compounds, mass spectra of the first and second order were taken. The first-order spectra were used to calculate the metabolite formula and the structure was determined from the fragmentation spectra, as well as by comparing the fragmentation spectra of mebeverine and its proposed metabolites. The proposed compounds were synthesized, and their structure was confirmed using NMR and chromatography-mass spectrometry. Four main metabolites were found in this study: desmethylmebeverine acid (DMAC), glucuronide product of DMAC (DMAC-Glu), mebeverine acid (MAC) and mebeverine alcohol (MAL). The results complement the available literature data about the veratric acid metabolism, urine, and microsomal studies. According to the data obtained, the main metabolite of mebeverine in the blood is DMAC. The concentration of MAC after mebeverine administration is almost ten times less than DMAC, the content of MAL and DMAC-Glu is insignificant, and probably does not affect the pharmacological
effect of mebeverine. Therefore, the concentration of DMAC is the main parameter to be monitored in pharmacokinetics studies.
CRITERIA FOR PROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS USED IN PREPARATION FOR COMPREHENSIVE ORTHODONTIC AND ORTHOPEDIC REHABILITATION
Authors: MAMEDOV Adil , MOROZOVA Natalia , YUMASHEV Alexey , DYBOV Andrey , NIKOLENKO Denis
Published: August 2021

There are substantial differences in the criteria within the framework of the comprehensive orthodontic and orthopedic rehabilitation of patients with malocclusions and associated defects of hard tooth tissues. The purpose of this article is to analyze the modern criteria for the fabrication and quality of provisional restorations based on data from the literature regarding the traditional rehabilitation of patients with defects of hard tooth tissues and edentulism. A total of 32 patients were subjected to either orthopedic or orthodontic treatment. The results demonstrated that before and after treatment, indices were deduced based on the following scales: OHIP-14-RU, IOTN, and FDI. The quality criteria for the provisional restorations in patients with malocclusions and associated defects of hard tooth tissues in comprehensive orthodontic and orthopedic rehabilitation were formulated. It was concluded that provisional restorations should be characterized based on a number of parameters including color stability, stable fixation of the orthodontic appliance, and high retention to tooth stumps.
THE USE OF NON-CONVENTIONAL SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDS IN CATTLE AND LAYER DIET
Authors: IGNATOVICH Larisa S. , GINTER Elena V. , LYKOV Aleksandr S. , KUZMINA Irina Yu , KUSTOVA Svetlana B.
Published: August 2021

It was undertook a number of studies on the effects of introducing new non-conventional vegetable supplementary feeds in the diets of dairy cows and industrial laying hens. Plants are not cultivated for their production, but they refer to wild crops growing in the natural habitat in sufficient quantities. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of introducing non-conventional vegetable supplementary feeds on the productive qualities of cows and laying hens; quality of products (milk, eggs); nutrient digestibility (use) of laying hens and reproductive functions of cows; and to identify the economic efficiency of using these supplementary feeds by changing feed conversion ratio. The composition of supplementary feeds for cows included sea furbelow, creeping pine needles, lichens. Supplementary feeds consisting of sea furbelow flour and wild crops were introduced into the diet of laying hens: fireweed or rosebay willowherb, stinging nettle, and creeping pine needles. The studies were conducted at the agricultural enterprises. The experiments were performed on Ayrshire and Holstein cows of different lactation periods and the Hisex White laying hens of various age and productive periods. Randomized regimens were used, including 2-5 levels of feeding. The groups of cows were formed by the analog to pair matching method; laying hens were formed by the analog to group matching method and were kept in equal zoohygienic conditions. During group formation, no significant differences in body weight and productivity between the formed groups were revealed (P> 0.05), which indicates the correct selection of groups for the research. As a result, cows improved reproductive functions, increased milk yield, milk fat content and feed conversion; hens showed the intensification of metabolic processes, contributing to an increase in productivity, feed conversion and egg quality (P 0.05), which indicates the effectiveness of using new supplementary feeds.
EFFECT OF SUBSTITUTION OF SUGAR BY HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP OF THE CONFITURE ON THE BASE OF PHYSALIS
Authors: ALIBEKOV Ravshanbek S. , KAIYPOVA Ainur B. , URAZBAYEVA Klara A. , ORTAYEV Arsen E. , AZIMOV Abdugani M.
Published: August 2021

Physalis contains all essential and non-essential amino acids, in the largest number of essential Lvaline and L-isoleucine, and as the interchangeable amino acids L-tyrosine. It also consists in polyphenols, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), carotenes (vitamin A), thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), niacin (vitamin B3) and macro- and microelements. High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) is a sweetener substituting for sucrose that contains 42–55% fructose with the remainder as glucose and is commonly used in many food and beverage products. It was discovered that the partial or full replacement of sugar by HFCS-55 has not significant influences for the organoleptic and physicochemical properties of the confitures on the base of Physalis. By increasing a ratio of HFCS volume instead of sugar, the mass fraction of soluble solids, titratable acidity, and ash content decrease in the acceptable values. The comparative analysis of the macro- and microelements contents of the confiture samples showed the presence of essential minerals, such as sodium, magnesium, silicon, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and others. The HFCS-55 can be substituted of sugar in the production of confiture on the base of Physalis with equal food chemical quality characteristics and nutritional values.
STATEMENT OF THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS ON THE BASIS OF THE POSTULATE OF NONEQUILIBRIUM
Authors: RYNDIN Vladimir V.
Published: August 2021

Most physical laws are quantitative expressions of the philosophical laws of the conservation of matter and its properties of motion. The first law of thermodynamics (FLT) is an analytical expression of the law of conservation of motion when its shape changes. As for the second law of thermodynamics (SLT), it has not yet been clarified which property of matter does not change during the course of reversible processes and changes during the course of irreversible processes in an isolated system (IS). Hence, a large number of the SLT statements and an abundance of material to clarify these formulations. The author of the SLT is based on the “postulate of nonequilibrium”, according to which there is an objective property of matter - “nonequilibrium”, which characterizes the unequal distribution of matter and movement in space. All processes (reversible and
irreversible) can proceed only in nonequilibrium systems. This leads to the only formulation of the second law of thermodynamics: when the reversible (ideal) processes occur in an isolated system, the nonequilibrium is preserved, and with the occurrence of irreversible (real) processes – decreases. When the system reaches an equilibrium state, the nonequilibrium disappears, and all processes cease. As a quantitative measure of the nonequilibrium of the system, we consider the maximum work that can be done when a nonequilibrium system transitions to an equilibrium state. The following quantities are used to calculate this work: “potential difference”, “entropy difference”, change in exergy. All these values decrease in the course of real (irreversible) processes in the isolated system and do not change in the course of reversible processes. As a result, a generalized expression of the SLT through the quantitative characteristics of the nonequilibrium of the system in the form of an inequality, which includes R. Claudius’s inequality for changing the entropy of an isolated system, is obtained.
CLINICO-MORPHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF ENDOMETRIAL POLYP PATHOGENESIS IN POSTMENOPAUSE
Authors: SALIKHOVA T. R. , OMAROV N. S-M. , CHERKESOVA A. U. , GADJIMURADOVA S. M. , ASKERKHANOVA E. R.
Published: August 2021

To study hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF-1α expression in endometrial polyps (EP) considering their clinical-morphological and immunological features during postmenopause. A complex clinical and laboratory examination of 120 postmenopausal patients was carried out. 90 of them developed EP, whereas 30 had morphologically unchanged endometrium. Immune histochemical (ICH) testing was used to evaluate HIF-1α expression in epithelial and stromal cells of polyps in adjacent and control endometrium. A complex of the most significant risk factors in EP genesis such as high rate of inflammatory disorders of genital organs (IDGO), extragenital, metabolic and endocrine disorders and intrauterine contraception (IUC) was found. High expression of HIF-1α in epithelial cells and in the area of inflammatory infiltrate of glandular fibrous EP stroma was established as compared with control endometrium. HIF-1α expression in epithelial cells and in the area of inflammatory infiltrate of EP glandular fibrous stroma against the background of inflammatory, metabolic and endocrine, immunological changes and age-related involutional processes indicated local hypoxia. Epigenetic changes can develop in the processes of proliferation and apoptosis and in the processes that control neoplastic transformation. The obtained data can provide grounds for patient-tailored EP therapy in postmenopausal patients.
INVESTIGATION OF AN AMPHIPOLAR COPOLYMER ADSORPTION ON THE HYDROPHOBIC SURFACE OF COPPER PHTHALOCYANINE NANOPARTICLES
Authors: BULYCHEV Nikolay A. , RABINSKIY Lev N. , TUSHAVINA Olga V.
Published: August 2021

It was presented the data on the thicknesses of the adsorbed polymer layer, which were obtained for copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) pigment dispersions under ultrasonic processing conditions. The thicker adsorption layers, which are observed in ultrasound systems, confirm the fact that the activation of the surface of the pigment occurs under the action of ultrasonic energy. The course and efficiency of adsorption of the polymer onto the pigment surface were quantified by electrokinetic measurements of the amplitude of sound (EIAZ). It became possible to obtain a more detailed picture of the pigment-polymer interactions and the adsorption mechanism of the copolymer based on the data on the dynamic mobility, obtained as a result of electrokinetic measurements of the amplitude of the sound. For aqueous dispersions of CuPc, stabilized with a copolymer of poly (acrylic acid) -poly (isobornyl acrylate) (PiBA-PAA), it was established the saturation concentrations of polymeric surfactant. Thus, the ultrasonic treatment allows to obtain stable, highly dispersed pigment suspensions with a modified pigment surface, which opens up new prospects for a more effective change in the surface of the pigment.
MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION, ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY AND DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF PEGA-PINTO TINCTURE (Boerhavia diffusa L.)
Authors: LIMA B. T. M. , CARMO E. S. , MEDEIROS F. D. de , SOUZA J. B. P. de
Published: August 2021

It is necessary to adopt a quality control system that guarantees reliability in relation to herbal products, especially in the consumer market, giving them security, efficiency and quality. Thus, the present study aimed to characterize parameters for quality control of pega-pinto root tincture produced at the Home Remedies Manufactory linked to the Center for Popular Education (CENEP), located in the city of Nova Palmeira-PB. For this, organoleptic characteristics (color and odor) were observed and the microbiological and physicochemical tests were carried out according to the specifications of the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia (2010). The determination of the total number of mesophilic microorganisms was performed by the plate count method in depth, the pathogen search aimed at the detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus using selectives culture mediums and the antimicrobial efficacy was given by the method of diffusion in agar versus E. coli. Characteristic constituents were determined by phytochemical tests, pH, relative density and solid residue were checked. Pega-pinto tincture showed yellowish coloration, characteristic soft odor, presence of particles in suspension and formation of precipitate. Count values of the total number of mesophilic microorganisms varied from 2.0 x 102 to 1.1 x 103 CFU/mL for bacteria, and 1.6 x 102 to 5.3 x 102 for fungi. None of the microorganisms surveyed was identified, indicating absence of E. coli, S. aureus and Salmonella. No inhibition of E. coli was observed in antimicrobial efficacy assays. The presence of phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and a slightly positive reaction to tannins was evidenced. The physical-chemical parameters were pH 5.69, relative density 0.93 mg/mL and dry residue 2.86%. Thus, compliance with the pharmacopoeia microbial limits was observed and, although it did not show efficacy against E. coli, the values of physic-chemical parameters are similar to those of other tinctures, being described for the first time for the tincture of pega-pinto.
FAILURES DETECTION METHODS IN CHEMICAL PROCESS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: TELES Athus Costa , FREITAS Ana Clara de Pádua , RODRIGUES Antonio Cruz
Published: August 2021

Any atypical change in a procedure can be characterized as a “failure”. Consequently, it may result in economic losses and/or a rise of the operational cost, because most of the times the process will need to be interrupted. Therefore, the concern with the quality and security of the processes has stimulating studies of diagnosis and monitoring failures in industrial equipments. In light of this, the present article has as purpose to apply three different methods (Artificial Neural Networks - ANN, Fuzzy Logic – FL and Support Vector Machine – SVM). All of those were applied as detection and classification systems of failure in the processes of a case study in order to diagnose these artificial intelligence techniques so that the efficiency of each method can be compared. All investigation is done by modeling a reactor of Van der Vusse’s kinetic causing four types of failures, in the concentration of a reagent (failure 1), in the sensor which measures the concentration of the interested product and temperature (failure 2 and 3), and in the valve locking (failure 4). The data used in this methodology is based in quantitative and qualitative historical information. All methods are able to detect failures, but in different times. ANN is the one which detects faster all the failures. SVM detects some minutes later, however with good precision, even though this method uses less computational effort compared to ANN. Fuzzy, in the most of the cases studied, takes hours to detect any change in the system, which makes this one the less effective among the ones studied.
APPLICATION OF LUDIC ACTIVITY FOR LEARNING OF CHEMICAL CONCEPTS: CASE STUDY
Authors: STIVAL M. , CUNHA E. J. N. S. , CUNHA M. , ROCHA J. R. C. da
Published: August 2021

In this work are presented the results obtained during the application of the ludic activity on some chemical concepts. The ludic helps students to be motivated by learning during the teaching process. Thus, students are able to assimilate abstract chemical concepts more effectively using some differentiated activity of low cost and in the classroom itself. Not needing another physical space of the school for this activity. During the application of the same, colored styrofoam balls of different sizes were required to represent the different chemical elements present in the chemical structures presented to the students. This case study happened in the second half of 2014, that is, after the teacher of the discipline presented the programmatic contents in a traditional way for the students of the first high school series of the José Bonifácio State College, a school located in the municipality of Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil. In the first class, before starting the ludic activity, a multiple-choice evaluation was applied to evaluate how much the students remembered the contents previously developed by the teacher of the discipline in a traditional way (Annex I). In the second class, the ludic activity was applied. In the third class, another evaluation was applied, with more difficulty in the questions, to detect the level of learning of the content worked in a ludic way (Annex II). From the results obtained, in the traditional teaching method, only 7.2% of the students evaluated were able to score above the average value of the questions. Already after the application of the ludic activity, 97.3% of the students surveyed achieved a set number above the average value of the questions. This fact demonstrated the methodological efficiency used, as well as the reality that differentiated activities really motivate learning, as well as allowing students to assimilate and store this knowledge for a longer period of time.
PROFILE OF THE USE OF PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICINES OF THE USERS OF THE PSYCHOSOCIAL ATTENTION CENTER OF CUITÉ-PB
Authors: MENEZES J. Silva , ANDRADE JÚNIOR F. P. de , SILVA B. P. da
Published: August 2021

In recent years, several disorders to mental health have been observed, such as mental and behavioral disorders, and the use of psychotropic drugs has increased considerably. Thus, the study of the use of psychotropic drugs becomes important because it allows the elucidation of the prevalence of use, as well as, promote the rational use of medications, besides causing in the provision of data that allow the creation of public policies, related to medicines targeted to the population. However, there is a significant shortage of studies that address this issue. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the profile of psychotropic medication use of users of the Center for Psychosocial Care (CAPS) of Cuité-PB. This was a transversal, descriptive, exploratory and analytical study of a quantitative nature, from a non-probabilistic population for convenience. Data collection was performed using a semi-structured questionnaire and data were compiled in the Microsoft Excel 2013 programs and the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The profile of users was predominantly of individuals with 20-29 years of age (34.2%), male (59.2%), low schooling (46%) and family income of 1 to 3 minimum wages (65.8%). In addition, CAPS patients had regular medical follow-up (93.4%) and were accompanied by friends / family during consultations (65.8%). Regarding the diagnosis and treatment, it was observed that most of the studied population suffered from schizophrenia (35%) and the most prescribed drugs were antipsychotic (78.3%), being swallowed mainly with water (84.2%). Thus, these data can help in the organization of the mental health services offered to the community, besides highlighting the importance of CAPS in strengthening comprehensive treatment and for greater adherence and improvement of the quality of life of users.
MINERALOGY OF BUILDING MATERIAL OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: THE STONE CHURCH IN MAZAGÃO VELHO CITY (AMAPÁ, BRAZIL)
Authors: SILVA M. dos P. , MOURA H. P. , LOPES G. A. de C. , COSTA J. A. , DA FONSECA FILHO H. D.
Published: August 2021

In the eighteenth century, Portuguese settlers and African slaves came from wooden ships from Mazagão-Morocco, North Africa, to the Amazon, settling on the banks of the Mutuacá-Amapá river, where the village of Nova Mazagão was founded – Nowadays Mazagão Velho village. Archaeological surveys around the village of Mazagão Velho, discovered the presence of ruins of a church of stones, dating to the foundation of the village of Nova Mazagão. In this sense, the discovery constitutes in the few vestiges of the first historical constructions of the occupation of New Mazagan. Thus, the objective of this study consisted in the mineralogical characterization of constructive material, ceramic bricks and mortar used in the construction of the old church. The mineralogical composition was determined by X-ray diffraction measurements, with the help of the database of inorganic compounds and minerals PDF2 of the International Center of Diffraction Data contained in the X'PertHighScore Plus program. The results obtained by the diffractograms revealed the mineral phases of quartz, kaolinite, calcite, ilite, rutile and hematite. The mineral quartz, whose diffraction peaks are the most intense, was present in all the samples, in agreement with the expected, because it is the most abundant and resistant mineral in the tropical soils. Kaolinite and calcite were found only in church mortar, corroborating the fact that lime mortar in the Amazon is very common in colonial period constructions. The illite was observed only in the sample of the floor, while the rutile and the hematite were observed in the floor and brick samples, inferring the possibility of painting in these samples, due to the rutile being used as pigments.
EXPERIENCING A SYNTHESIS ONE-POT OF 1,2,4-OXADIAZOLE MEDIATED BY MICROWAVE OVEN: GREEN CHEMISTRY IN FOCUS
Authors: MOURA A. L. , SILVA J. F. , DE FREITAS J. J. R. , FREITAS J. C. R. , DE FREITAS FILHO J. R.
Published: August 2021

1,2,4-oxadiazoles are compounds that have attracted the attention of many researchers due to their wide range of biological activities, for example, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumor etc. The syntheses are based mostly on the use of amidoximes and acylating agents as the initial reactants. This work aims to describe a one-pot reaction for the synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazols, mediated by microwave irradiation, employing home-use microwave oven, in the discipline of heterocyclic Chemistry in the postgraduate. The methodology consisted of the reaction of nitriles, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, potassium carbonate and different esters to obtain 1,2,4-oxadiazole. The reactions include two sequential procedures: base-promoted intermolecular addition of hydroxylamine to nitrile to lead to amidoxime, then treatment of the amidoxime with esther to form 1,2,4-oxadiazoles in good yields. This method represents a direct and simple protocol for the synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles. It was initially discussed with the students the chemistry of the oxadiazoles, one-pot reactions and green chemistry through atheoretical-expository-dialogue strategy. In the course of the didactic intervention the students, through a thematic seminary, presented the results of the analysis of the spectra from the different techniques used. With the skills acquired from completing this laboratory work, the students become well-prepared to perform spectroscopic analyzes in subsequent experiments encountered in the organic chemistry laboratory.
MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS APPLIED AT THE SCHOOL OF THE UBERLAND-AMERICAN FIELD OF CONSUMER UNDERGROUND WATER QUALITY
Authors: MEDEIROS M. S. , GOULART A. C. , PACHECO I. S. , AMARAL F. A. , CANOBRE S. C.
Published: August 2021

The decrease of the water available for human consumption is directly related to the unregulated and unconscious action from the man himself. In rural areas, this depreciation is related to inappropriate conditions of artesian wells that capture the water (old wells and poorly sealed) and which are usually close to sources of pollution, such as septic tanks and animal grazing. In this context, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the physico-chemical and microbiological quality of underground water samples made available for consumption in three schools in the field next to the municipality of Uberlândia-MG. Methodologically, the data were statistically processed by means of descriptive and multivariate analysis (Pearson correlation coefficient). All schools are supplied by an artesian well, being carried out simplified treatment (chlorination mechanism of chemical treatment). In only one of the schools was identified the presence of a septic tank sewage collection system. Of samples evaluated, all were at odds with the standards laid down in annex XX of the Consolidation Ordinance No. 5 of the Ministry of health (old law 2,914/2011) in at least one of the parameters evaluated. Therefore, the results reflect the possibility of biological contamination of the water by grazing areas located in the region close to the wells, as well as the need for emerging measures, such as regular cleaning and maintenance of storage systems and distribution of the water consumed in the institutions.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE QUATERNARY SEMICONDUCTOR COMPOUND CuFeCrSe3
Authors: DELGADO Gerzon E. , DELGADO-NIÑO P. , GRIMA-GALLARDO P.
Published: August 2021

The compounds with ternary structures of the chalcopyrite family Cu-III-Se2 (III = Al, Ga, In, Cr) form a wide group of semiconductor materials with diverse optical and electrical properties, and the addition of FeSe binary compound produces alloys of the type (Cu-III-Se2)1-x(Fe-Se)x. These types of materials have received increasing attention as promising thermoelectric materials due to their high efficiency, tunable transport properties, high elemental abundance and low toxicity. This work aims to synthesize and characterize structurally a new material belonging to this semiconductor system with x = ½, the quaternary compound CuFeCrSe3. This material was prepared by the melt and anneal technique and its structure was refined from Xray powder diffraction pattern using the Rietveld method. The X-ray powder pattern was mainly composed of CuFeCrSe3 (79.1%) with CuCr2Se4 (20.9%) appearing as secondary phase. The principal phase crystallizes with tetragonal symmetry in the space group P 4 2c (Nº 112), Z = 1, with a = 5.5082(2) Å, c = 10.943(1) Å, V = 332.01(1) Å3. The refinement of 18 instrumental and structural parameters led to Rp = 8.8 %, Rwp = 9.1 %, Rexp = 7.8 % and S = 1.2. This material, belonging to the semiconductor system I-II-III-VI3, crystallizes with a CuFeInSe3-type structure in a normal adamantane-structure. CuFeCrSe3 is a new semiconductor compound, related to the superionic phase CuCrSe2, and can be considered as a potential candidate for mediumtemperature thermoelectric applications.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF THE PHYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF THE HEXANE FRACTION FROM THE LEAVES OF Smilax brasiliensis (SMILACACEAE)
Authors: FONSECA J. C. , AMADO P. A. , CASTRO A. H. F. , LIMA L. A. R. S.
Published: August 2021

The species of Smilax genus are known as sarsaparilla or japecanga, being widely used in folk medicine as a tonic, antirheumatic, anti-syphilitic, antihypertensive and diuretic and for sweating, arthritis and skin conditions. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxic activity and to identify the main classes of secondary metabolites present in the hexane fraction obtained from Smilax brasiliensis. The leaves were collected, dried, crushed and extracted by percolation with ethanol, obtaining the ethanol extract. Part of this extract was partitioned with hexane, resulting in the hexane (HEX) fraction. The best results by the phytotoxic activity in Lactuca sativa seeds were for the HEX4 and HEX5 sub-fractions, at concentration of 250 µg per plate. When evaluating the phytotoxicity in Allium cepa seeds, the best results were found for the HEX1 sub-fraction for the radicle and the HEX2 sub-fraction for the hypocotyl, both at concentration of 125 µg per plate. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of coumarins, steroids and flavonoids in the hexane fraction, suggesting that the phytotoxic activity may be attributed at least partially to these compounds; however, additional studies are needed. These results suggest that in the future, the hexane fraction of S. brasiliensis leaves can be used as a natural herbicide.