bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Angular momentum decomposition of the three-dimensional Wigner harmonic oscillator
Authors: Regniers G. , Van der Jeugt J.
Published: November 2011

In the Wigner framework, one abandons the assumption that the usual canonical commutation relations are necessarily valid. Instead, the compatibility of Hamilton's equations and the Heisenberg equations is the starting point, and no further assumptions are made about how the position and momentum operators commute. Wigner quantization leads to new classes of solutions, and representations of Lie superalgebras are needed to describe them. For the n-dimensional Wigner harmonic oscillator, solutions are known in terms of the Lie superalgebras $\mathfrak {osp}(1|2n)$osp(1|2n) and $\mathfrak {gl}(1|n)$gl(1|n). For n = 3N, the question arises as to how the angular momentum decomposition of representations of these Lie superalgebras is computed. We construct generating functions for the angular momentum decomposition of specific series of representations of $\mathfrak {osp}(1|6N)$osp(1|6N) and $\mathfrak {gl}(1|3N)$gl(1|3N), with N = 1 and N = 2. This problem can be completely solved for N = 1. However, for N = 2 only some classes of representations allow executable computations.
Controlling the morphology and optical properties of self-assembled InAsSb/InGaAs/InP nanostructures via Sb exposure
Authors: Lei W. , Tan H. H. , Jagadish C.
Published: November 2011

Engineering the surface energy, interface energy, and elastic strain energy in the system via Sb exposure is used to realize the control on the morphology and optical properties of self-assembled InP-based InAsSb/InGaAs nanostructures. By flowing trimethylantimony precursor over the surface of InGaAs buffer layer before the growth of InAsSb nanostructures, the surface/interface energy in the system is reduced, while the strain energy in the system is enhanced, which lead to a shape transition from dot to dash, and to wire for the InAsSb nanostructures. As a result of their morphology changes, the InAsSb nanostructures show different polarization characteristics in their photoluminescence emission.
Note: Electrochemical etching of sharp iridium tips
Authors: Lalanne Jean-Benoît , Paul William , Oliver David , Grütter Peter H.
Published: November 2011

We describe an etching procedure for the production of sharp iridium tips with apex radii of 15–70 nm, as determined by scanning electron microscopy, field ion microscopy, and field emission measurements. A coarse electrochemical etch followed by zone electropolishing is performed in a relatively harmless calcium chloride solution with high success rate.
Output performance of a foodservice R&D project
Authors: Tikkanen Irma
Published: November 2011

Purpose

The aim of the paper is to describe the output performance of a foodservice R&D project conducted with hospitality management students. A school meal project is illustrated as a case.

Design/methodology/approach

The theoretical basis refers to the discussions of R&D output performance. The output measures on three levels are illustrated.

Findings

The empirical findings indicated that the output performance was achieved on three levels. On the scientific level, seven scientific articles were published. On the project level, one project report and five articles in Finnish professional journals were published. Finally, five Bachelor's theses were successfully completed, all of which contributes to the level of learning and teaching. Moreover, further procedures involved designing a questionnaire for the project, and utilizing collected empirical quantitative data in learning and teaching.

Practical implications

The school meal project conducted with students offered various kinds of possibilities for learning, teaching, and publishing. The published scientific articles disseminated the empirical results to international foodservice and nutrition audience, and the project report served both the local foodservice experts as well as the project financiers.

Originality/value

The value of the results is that a multilevel output performance for all actors was achieved by conducting a school meal project in cooperation with the students, the teachers, and the financiers.
Some thoughts on the decline of pension schemes
Authors: Smith Julia A. , MacLaren Jade A.
Published: November 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a review which brings together the existing literature on the reasons for the decline in pension schemes.

Design/methodology/approach

Adopting a positivist stance, where the reality of man as an adaptor, in a study of systems, processes and change is observed, the authors undertake a review of the existing literature on pensions and pension accounting.

Findings

What is absent from the existing literature is a review of the extent to which both a variety and a combination of factors affect companies' decisions to close their defined benefit pension scheme.

Originality/value

The paper provides an holistic overview of the diverse range of literature that addresses the decline in pension schemes.
Tunepal: searching a digital library of traditional music scores
Authors: Duggan Bryan , O'Shea Brendan
Published: November 2011

Purpose

This paper aims to describe the Tunepal project as an example of a music information retrieval (MIR) system that is having an impact on how musicians access, learn and play traditional Irish music around the world.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper describes the functionality of the Tunepal system: consisting of the tune corpus, the web site tunepal.org and mobile apps supporting iOS and Android OS. Tunepal facilitates query‐by‐title and query‐by‐playing music (QBP) searches and allows a musician to retrieve and playback scores amongst other supported functions.

Findings

Tunepal has been favorably received and musicians report that the system is being used in a variety of scenarios including archiving and the preparation of sleeve notes for commercial recordings. Tunepal has a growing user base in 25 countries.

Originality/value

The comprehensive tune corpus (over 16,000 compositions), the query‐by‐playing technology and the fact that the mobile apps provide access to the corpus in situ in traditional music sessions and classes make this project uniquely useful.
The CEO's ethical dilemma in the era of earnings management
Authors: Martin Roger
Published: November 2011

Purpose

The paper aims to argue that stock‐based compensation for top leaders is a very recent phenomenon that is associated with lower shareholder returns, bubbles and crashes and huge corporate scandals and that it is time to bring an end to it and find a better, more authentic approach that will enable corporations, stakeholders and the financial community to thrive.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper details how many executives engage in a dangerous and little‐discussed practice that comes very close to the line of illegality, one that betrays the spirit of securities laws and accounting regulation: earnings management. It concludes that far too many corporate leaders are now using their talents and corporate resources to smooth earnings, and bump up the stock price, rather than to build their companies.

Findings

The paper proposes that corporations find a way to restore the focus of the executive on the real market and on an authentic life by eliminating the use of stock‐based compensation as an incentive.

Practical implications

The author's remedy: top executives should be prevented from selling any stock – for any reason – while serving as a corporate leader, and indeed for several years after leaving their post.

Originality/value

The author calls for an end to stock‐based compensation because it is associated with lower shareholder returns, bubbles and crashes and huge corporate scandals.
Tourists' external information search behavior model: the case of Thailand
Authors: Erawan Theera , Krairit Donyaprueth , Ba Khang Do
Published: November 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to expand and empirically test a model of tourist external information search behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual model was developed based on the “three‐pronged approach,” an approach that is used to cross validate among the results from literature review, expert interviews, and an exploratory field study in order to confirm and propose a reliable conceptual model. A confirmatory factor analysis was then performed to ensure that the constructs were valid and reliable. Structural equation modeling was used to test the conceptual model and its hypotheses.

Findings

The results revealed six variables that are significantly related to tourists' external information search behavior. Four of these variables had not been identified previously. These are as follows: information sources usefulness and accessibility, subjective norms, perceived personal risk, and ability to search.

Research limitations/implications

The issue of model generalization should be taken into account because the samples were limited to non‐group tour and first time visited tourists. Further research should consider other tourist groups.

Practical implications

The results from this study provide useful information for both government and tourism‐related businesses in planning marketing communication strategies to help promote Thailand as a travel destination.

Originality/value

By proposing a managerial modeling based on theoretical foundations and methodologies, both quantitative and qualitative approaches, this study is among the first that expands the model of tourist external information search behavior by fully exploring the determinants of external information search behavior and integrates the theory of planned behavior into the model.
Fiscal and monetary institutions and policies: onward and upward?
Authors: Burdekin Richard C.K. , Banaian King , Hallerberg Mark , Siklos Pierre L.
Published: November 2011

Purpose

The latest generation of research into macroeconomic policy has turned from more technical aspects of optimal control and expectations formation to consideration of the policymaking institutions themselves. More and more countries have moved towards greater degrees of central bank independence, including many developing economies as well the member countries of the European Central Bank. What still is not generally settled among economists is how to measure the stance of policy and the institutional features of the policymaking process. The purpose of this paper is to assess prevailing monetary and fiscal policies.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper takes the form of a review encompassing many different measurements of policy stance and policymaking processes. The authors begin with monetary policy followed by an analysis of central bank institutions. The next sections turn to fiscal policy and the need to adjust budget balance for the state of the business cycle. There is then a brief concluding section.

Findings

The authors show in this review that fiscal and monetary rules, and economists' understanding of them, have changed substantially over the years. While on one level there is greater consensus, there have been new questions raised in the process that leave plenty of room for further ongoing research in these key policy areas as well as the optimal design of the design of the monetary and fiscal institutions concerned.

Originality/value

The paper provides a review of the existing literature updated and applied with reference to recent events, including the global financial crisis.
IFAS paper: a qualitative investigation into beliefs about aggression in an Indian sample
Authors: Thanzami VanLal , Archer John , Sullivan Cath
Published: November 2011

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate Western studies on beliefs about aggression which have found that men typically hold instrumental beliefs and women hold expressive beliefs.

Design/methodology/approach

To investigate whether beliefs about aggression are qualitatively different in an Indian sample, interviews were undertaken with focus groups of 16 and 26‐year‐olds from north‐east India.

Findings

IPA analysis indicated that respondents viewed their aggression in terms of: how they might appear; honour or shame; gender roles; and as a loss of self‐control. These findings indicate that beliefs about aggression held in this Indian sample are more complex than can be characterised by the instrumental/expressive dimension.

Practical implications

Implications of these findings for developing more culture‐specific measures of beliefs about aggression are discussed.
Influencing factor analysis of the investment efficiency of the environmental governance
Authors: Tao Min , Li Hongwei , Xu Huanjun
Published: November 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to get hold of the main influence factors of the investment efficiency of environmental governance and control them to improve its efficiency sensitively and employ full use of the investment of environmental governance.

Design/methodology/approach

The assessment index system of the investment efficiency of environmental governance is built. Its investment efficiency is assessed based on data envelopment analysis (DEA). The influence degree on the efficiency between each assessment index is calculated by the grey incidence degree analysis method to find the key influence factors. The efficiency of the investment in the environmental governance can be improved by managing and controlling the key factors.

Findings

The results prove that it is available by the data of 14 cities in Shandong Province in 2008. The key influence factors of the investment efficiency of the environmental governance are: total investment in the treatment of environmental pollution (F1); industrial soot removal (F3); industrial wastewater meeting discharge standards (F2); and the volume of garbage disposal (F9).

Practical implications

The method exposed in the paper can be used to solve investment efficiency problem of the environmental governance of the other provinces, or other years and even other countries.

Originality/value

The paper succeeds in solving investment efficiency problem of the environmental governance by DEA and grey incidence degree analysis method.
Theoretical discussion of applying grey system theory in neuropsychological studies
Authors: Wei Cui , Jun‐fu Cui
Published: November 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the possibility and necessity of using grey system theory in neuropsychological studies.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper employs a logical analysis approach.

Findings

There are three characteristics of neuropsychological studies: the particularity of the study subjects; the specialty of the study scheme; and insufficient data from traditional statistical methods. Grey system theory is appropriate for analyzing the data collected in neuropsychological studies.

Originality/value

After several years' significant development, grey system theory has been applied in various subjects successfully. However, the application in psychology and medicine is still a rarity.
Evaluation of thyroid nodules – combined use of 99mTc‐methylisobutylnitrile scintigraphy and aspiration cytology to assess risk of malignancy and stratify patients for surgical or nonsurgical therapy – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Leidig‐Bruckner Gudrun , Cichorowski Gerd , Sattler Peter , Bruckner Thomas , Sattler Bernd
Published: November 2011

Objective  Thyroid nodules are a common clinical problem, and differentiation between benign and malignant nodules is essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate an approach for cold thyroid nodules including 99mTc‐methylisobutylnitrile (MIBI) scintigraphy to assess risk of malignancy and stratify patients for therapy.

Design  Retrospective cohort study; 391 patients with at least one cold thyroid nodule were consecutively admitted (between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2006) and recommended for surgical or nonsurgical therapy.

Measurements  Thyroid ultrasonography, 99mTc‐pertechnetate scintigraphy, laboratory tests, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and MIBI scintigraphy.

Results  57·3% (224/391) had one cold nodule, 17·9% (70/391) had several cold nodules, and 24·8% (97/391) had both cold and hot nodules. MIBI scintigraphy was classified into ‘positive’ (16·1%, 63/391), ‘weakly positive’ (19·2%, 75/391) or ‘negative’ (64·7%, 253/391). FNAC was classified into benign (87·9%, 247/281), nondiagnostic (6·8%, 19/281) or suspicious/malignant (5·3%, 15/281). 127 patients received surgery, revealing malignancy in 13·3% (17/127), predominantly papillary (64·7%, 11/17) and follicular carcinoma (23·5%, 4/17). MIBI scintigraphy was ‘positive’ (64·7%, 11/17) or ‘weakly positive’ (23·5%, 4/17) in most patients with malignant findings. FNAC was unavailable in 23·5% (4/17) with malignancy, positive in 38·5% (5/13) and negative in 61·5% (8/13). Among patients undergoing surgery, sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values for MIBI scintigraphy were 88·2%, 35·5%, 95·1% and 17·4%, for FNAC 38·5%, 90·6%, 90·6% and 38·5%, respectively, and for the combination (MIBI scan + FNAC) 92·3%, 30·6%, 96·3% and 16·9%. Benign MIBI‐positive nodules were predominantly follicular adenomas (68%, 33/48).

Conclusion  Evaluation of cold thyroid nodules by MIBI scintigraphy aids therapeutic decisions: MIBI‐negative findings support nonsurgical management in about two‐thirds of patients, while MIBI‐positive findings have an increased risk of malignancy, supporting surgical therapy. However, the positive predictive value was low, which requires further research.
Examining the Interrelationship of Migraine Onset, Duration, and Time to Treatment
Authors: Landy Stephen H. , Runken M. Chris , Bell Christopher F. , Higbie Rachel L. , Haskins Lisa S.
Published: November 2011

Objective.— The objective of this study is to investigate migraines, both longitudinally and cross‐sectionally, to understand the impact that time of treatment has on migraine duration and the patients' return to daily functioning.

Background.— Several studies have explored the relationship between migraine treatment and its impact on migraine duration; however, the interrelationship of migraine onset and impact of treatment timing on migraine resolution is not completely understood.

Design/Methods.— Five hundred and nine migraineurs completed 1 online baseline survey and a diary survey after each of their next 3 migraines. All subjects were 18 or older and were employed full time.

Results.— Migraine episodes treated within 1 hour were significantly shorter on average than those treated after 1 hour (9.1 hours vs 12.3 hours) (P < .05). Over‐the‐counter medication was the most frequently reported first‐line treatment (44%) followed by an oral triptan (30%), another prescription medication (14%), and combination therapy (4%). Rescue treatment was reported in 57% of attacks. The majority of over‐the‐counter (69%) and another prescription (55%) treated attacks required rescue whereas only 39% of first‐line triptan attacks required rescue.

Conclusions.— Treating migraines early with an oral triptan‐containing therapy appears to be a very effective method for reducing migraine duration and preventing the need for additional medication. Our findings also suggest that physicians should spend more time educating patients how to identify migraines early. Understanding the relationship between these key factors will provide insight into appropriate treatment and management of migraines, and more importantly, equip patients with the tools necessary to improve their outcomes and overall impact on functioning.

(Headache 2012;52:363‐373)
Knockdown of c‐Met enhances sensitivity to bortezomib in human multiple myeloma U266 cells via inhibiting Akt/mTOR activity
Authors: QUE WENZHONG , CHEN JUNMIN , CHUANG MA , JIANG DANRONG
Published: November 2011

Que W, Chen J, Chuang M, Jiang D. Knockdown of c‐Met enhances sensitivity to bortezomib in human multiple myeloma U266 cells via inhibiting Akt/mTOR activity. APMIS 2012; 120: 195–203.

The c‐Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed in human myeloma cell lines and promotes the survival and drug resistance of myeloma cells. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which c‐Met contributes to the chemoresistance in myeloma. Stable U266 cell line in which c‐Met was effectively knockdown was employed and treated with bortezomib. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell cycle profile and apoptosis were examined by cytometry analysis. The expression of cell cycle related proteins, and the activities of caspases and Akt/mTOR were detected by Western blot analysis. The c‐Met knockdown in U266 cells decreased the average IC50 of bortezomib, induced G0/G1 phase arrest, and increased caspase‐mediated apoptosis in U266 cells exposed to bortezomib. In addition, c‐Met knockdown decreased the level of cyclin D1 and increased the levels of p27 and cleaved caspase 3 and caspase 9. Moreover, the Akt/mTOR activity in U266 cells treated with bortezomib was downregulated upon c‐Met knockdown and c‐Met knockdown U266 cells recovered chemoresistance upon the overexpression of Akt and mTOR. Our data demonstrate that c‐Met is a potential therapeutic target for multiple myeloma, and Akt/mTOR is a key signaling component through which c‐Met protects multiple myeloma cells from chemotherapy‐induced growth inhibition and apoptosis.
Analysis of Medication Errors of Health Care Providers on the Basis of Data from the Czech Toxicological Information Centre over an 11‐Year Period (2000–2010)
Authors: Zakharov Sergey , Navratil Tomas , Pelclova Daniela
Published: November 2011

Abstract:  This study aimed to analyse medication errors committed by health care professionals leading to toxicological consultations at the Czech Toxicological Information Centre and to identify the categories of special concern for further interventions of health care quality experts.
Two Series of Multicomponent Rare Earth (Eu3+, Tb3+, Sm3+) Polymeric Hybrids: Chemically Bonded Assembly and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Yan Bing , Guo Min , Li Qiuping
Published: November 2011

In the present work, two new chemical linkages (BPDA‐PAM, BPDA‐DG) are synthesized through the reaction between 4,4′‐biphthalic anhydride (BPDA) and acrylamide (AM), diethylene glycol (DG), respectively. Then two novel series of multicomponent rare earth (Eu3+, Tb3+, Sm3+) polymeric hybrids have been assembled through the coordination bonding: one is from the linkage BPDA‐PAM to form the hybrids BPDA‐PAM‐RE‐phen(bipy) (2,2′‐bipyridine (bipy) and 1,10‐penanthroline (phen)), the other is from the linkage BPDA‐DG to compose the hybrids BPDA‐DG‐RE‐PVP and PVP (PVP = poly vinylpyridine). These hybrids are characterized and especially the photophysical properties (luminescence spectra, lifetimes and quantum efficiencies) are discussed in detail.
Testosterone-induced relaxation of coronary arteries: activation of BKCachannels via the cGMP-dependent protein kinase
Authors: Deenadayalu Viju , Puttabyatappa Yashoda , Liu Alexander T. , Stallone John N. , White Richard E.
Published: November 2011

Androgens are reported to have both beneficial and detrimental effects on human cardiovascular health. The aim of this study was to characterize nongenomic signaling mechanisms in coronary artery smooth muscle (CASM) and define the ionic basis of testosterone (TES) action. TES-induced relaxation of endothelium-denuded porcine coronary arteries was nearly abolished by 20 nM iberiotoxin, a highly specific inhibitor of large-conductance, calcium-activated potassium (BKCa) channels. Molecular patch-clamp studies confirmed that nanomolar concentrations of TES stimulated BKCachannel activity by ∼100-fold and that inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity by NG-monomethyl-l-arginine nearly abolished this effect. Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis or guanylyl cyclase activity also attenuated TES-induced coronary artery relaxation but did not alter relaxation due to 8-bromo-cGMP. Furthermore, we detected TES-stimulated NO production in porcine coronary arteries and in human CASM cells via stimulation of the type 1 neuronal NOS isoform. Inhibition of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) attenuated TES-stimulated BKCachannel activity, and direct assay determined that TES increased activity of PKG in a concentration-dependent fashion. Last, the stimulatory effect of TES on BKCachannel activity was mimicked by addition of purified PKG to the cytoplasmic surface of a cell-free membrane patch from CASM myocytes (∼100-fold increase). These findings indicate that TES-induced relaxation of endothelium-denuded coronary arteries is mediated, at least in part, by enhanced NO production, leading to cGMP synthesis and PKG activation, which, in turn, opens BKCachannels. These findings provide a molecular mechanism that could help explain why androgens have been reported to relax coronary arteries and relieve angina pectoris.
High prevalence of hyperglycaemia and the impact of high household income in transforming Rural China
Authors: Fu Chaowei , Chen Yue , Wang Fadi , Wang Xuecai , Song Jiangen , Jiang Qingwu
Published: November 2011

Background

The prevalence of hyperglycaemia and its association with socioeconomic factors have been well studied in developed countries, however, little is known about them in transforming rural China.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out in 4 rural communities of Deqing County located in East China in 2006-07, including 4,506 subjects aged 18 to 64 years. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was measured. Subjects were considered to have impaired fasting glucose (IFG) if FPG was in the range from 5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L and to have diabetes mellitus (DM) if FG was 7.0 mmol/L or above.

Results

The crude prevalences of IFG and DM were 5.4% and 2.2%, respectively. The average ratio of IFG/DM was 2.5, and tended to be higher for those under the age of 35 years than older subjects. After adjustment for covariates including age (continuous), sex, BMI (continuous), smoking, alcohol drinking, and regular leisure physical activity, subjects in the high household income group had a significantly higher risk of IFG compared with the medium household income group (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.11-2.72) and no significant difference in IFG was observed between the low and medium household income groups. Education and farmer occupation were not significantly associated with IFG.

Conclusions

High household income was significantly associated with an increased risk of IFG. A high ratio of IFG/DM suggests a high risk of diabetes in foreseeable future in the Chinese transforming rural communities.
Progesterona plasmática de ovelhas submetidas ao efeito-macho e mantidas sob diferentes condições nutricionais
Authors: Sasa A , Nonaka K.O , Balieiro J.C.C , Coelho L.A
Published: November 2011

Dosou-se a concentração plasmática de progesterona (P4) em ovelhas Santa Inês (SI), Suffolk (SU) e Romney Marsh (RM) em anestro sazonal e submetidas ao efeito-macho, as quais receberam ou não suplementação alimentar. Machos vasectomizados foram introduzidos no grupo de fêmeas após um período prévio de isolamento de 60 dias, e amostras de sangue foram colhidas antes e após a introdução dos machos. Houve efeito (P<0,01) de período, raça, interação período x raça e interação suplementação x período x raça sobre a concentração de P4. Nas ovelhas SI ocorreu aumento (P<0,01) da concentração de P4 após a introdução do macho, indicando que houve aumento na atividade cíclica reprodutiva desse grupo. A suplementação, neste caso, potencializou este aumento. Nas ovelhas SU e RM não ocorreram modificações na concentração de P4 (P>0,01) após a introdução dos machos, nem houve efeito de suplementação. O efeito-macho foi eficaz em induzir a atividade reprodutiva durante o anestro sazonal em ovelhas SI, mas não em ovelhas SU e RM, e a associação dessa prática com a suplementação alimentar é recomendada para ovelhas da raça nativa SI.
Estudo das relações entre mastigação e postura de cabeça e pescoço: revisão sistemática
Authors: Mélo Thais Myrian Aragão , Carvalho Celina Cordeiro de , Cavalcanti Ada Salvetti , Dourado Filho Mário Genuíno , Pinheiro Junior Paulo Fernandes , Silva Hilton Justino da
Published: November 2011

TEMA: mastigação e postura de cabeça e pescoço. OBJETIVO: realizar uma revisão sistemática para observar se existe uma interferência recíproca entre a função da mastigação e a postura de cabeça e pescoço. CONCLUSÃO: existe reciprocidade entre a função da mastigação e alterações na região de cabeça e pescoço, apesar de existirem dúvidas quanto a qual região promove primariamente as alterações na outra. Assim, são importantes mais estudos utilizando métodos de avaliação mais direcionados e mensuráveis para cada região para fornecer dados mais acurados.
As práticas corporais femininas em clubes paulistas do início do século XX
Authors: Mathias Milena Bushatsky , Rubio Kátia
Published: November 2011

Na década de 20, o esporte ainda era visto como uma instituição masculina, o que invalidava a experiência atlética feminina, sendo apenas o atletismo, a dança clássica e o bola ao cesto, consideradas atividades saudáveis para o intitulado "sexo frágil". Uma vez excluídas dos estádios e instituições esportivas, assim como da própria vida pública determinada na época, a condição feminina foi limitada pela dedicação ao lar e à família.Em contrapartida, o Movimento Feminista lutava pelo direito à cidadania, à uma existência legal na vida pública e a própria Educação Física apontava através de seus discursos a mulher como fisicamente ativa, dentro de propósitos eugenistas e higienistas. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir como se deu a participação da mulher nas práticas corporais em clubes na década de 20 na cidade de São Paulo
Autopercepção da imagem corporal em estudantes do curso de educação física
Authors: Rech Cassiano Ricardo , Araújo Eliane Denise da Silveira , Vanat Joyce Do Rocio
Published: November 2011

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a autopercepção da imagem corporal (IC) e associar a IC com indicadores sociodemográficos, estado nutricional e nível de atividade física de universitários. Realizou-se um estudo transversal com 294 universitários (136 homens e 158 mulheres), mensurou-se a percepção da IC por meio da escala de silhueta, indicando a silhueta atual (SA), silhueta ideal (SI) e a silhueta ideal do sexo oposto (SIO). Ainda foram coletadas variáveis demográficas (sexo, idade, turno de estudo, ocupação), nível socioeconõmico, estado nutricional (índice de massa corporal) e o nível de atividade física (IPAQ - versão curta). Utilizou-se a análise descritiva e o teste de associação do qui-quadrado para análise dos dados. A prevalência de insatisfação com a IC foi de 61,2% (n = 180), sendo 61% nos homens e 61,4% nas mulheres. A silhueta 2 foi apontada por 57% das mulheres como a SI, entre os homens 38,2% e 39,7% apontaram a silhueta 3 e 4 como a SI. Foi identificada como SIO à silhueta 3 (63,2% masculino e 56,3% feminino). As mulheres demonstraram uma maior percepção (67,6%) em possuir uma silhueta menor que a atual. Já entre os homens houve a tendência (66,7%) a desejarem uma silhueta maior do que a atual. Além do sexo a percepção com a IC foi associada com o estado nutricional (p < 0,05), onde se observou que 78,7% dos indivíduos com excesso de peso desejam ter uma silhueta menor do que a atual. Concluísse que a autopercepção da IC esteve associada ao sexo e ao estado nutricional nos universitários
Adolescentes estudantes: conhecimentos das complicações do aborto provocado
Authors: Correia Divanise Suruagy , Monteiro Vera Grácia Neumann , Cavalcante Jairo Calado , Maia Eulália Maria Chaves
Published: November 2011

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o conhecimento das complicações do aborto provocado e sua relação coma a idade. Estudo transversal, realizado em escolas de Maceió, Alagoas, com estudantes dos 12 aos 19 anos. A amostra foi calculada considerando-se os dados de internação de curetagem pós aborto. Usou-se o programa Epi Info versão 3.6 para análise dos dados. Das 2592 adolescentes estudadas, 65,64% não conheciam nenhuma complicação do aborto provocado e as complicações mais citadas foram morte e esterilidade. Manifestações clínicas do aborto foram incorretamente citadas como complicações. Encontrou-se significação entre o conhecimento das complicações esterilidade e hemorragia e idade. A morte foi significativa para menores de 15 anos e a esterilidade para as maiores. Conclui-se que as adolescentes não conhecem corretamente as complicações do aborto provocado, o que demonstra o risco daquelas que o provocam, verifica-se, portanto, a necessidade de maiores esclarecimentos sobre o tema bem como da educação sexual.
Adolescente que cumpre medida socioeducativa: modos de ser no cotidiano e possibilidades para enfermagem
Authors: Carmo Dilce Rejane Peres do , Padoin Stela Maris de Mello , Paula Cristiane Cardoso de , Terra Marlene Gomes , Souza Ivis Emília de Oliveira
Published: November 2011

Objetivou compreender o cotidiano do ser-adolescente que cumpre medida socioeducativa de semiliberdade. Investigação fenomenológica, desenvolvida em unidade da Fundação de Atendimento Socioeducativo, no Rio Grande do Sul. A entrevista foi desenvolvida com nove adolescentes, entre fevereiro e maio de 2009. A análise heideggeriana des-velou que vivenciar a medida socioeducativa significa uma prisão, algo ruim. Sabe que não está no sistema penitenciário por conta da idade e re-conhece que jogou fora sua adolescência. Na instituição vai à escola para aprender algo, para arrumar algum trabalho. Mostra-se no modo de ser do falatório, ambiguidade e ocupação. Conclui-se que o adolescente está-lançado naquilo que está determinado, mantém-se na impessoalidade. Para reinserção social precisa de ajuda do sistema socioeducativo, mediado pelo trabalho interdisciplinar, rede de apoio de co-responsabilidade da família, comunidade e Estado.
Conhecimento, aceitabilidade e uso do método billings de planejamento familiar natural
Authors: Uchimura Nelson Shozo , Uchimura Taqueco Teruya , Almeida Lívia Maria Martins , Perego Danilo Marco , Uchimura Liza Yurie Teruya
Published: November 2011

Estudo observacional, quantitativo analítico que objetivou verificar o conhecimento, a aceitabilidade e o uso do planejamento familiar natural (PFN) pelos pacientes em um hospital universitário no período de julho a novembro de 2008. Os dados foram coletados utilizando questionário estruturado e analisados através dos Programas Excel e Statistica 8.0. Das 113 mulheres entrevistadas, 70 (62%) aceitavam o método e 1 (0,9%) fazia o uso rotineiro. A aceitação foi maior entre as que desejavam engravidar no futuro quando comparadas aquelas que não desejavam engravidar. A aceitabilidade foi estatisticamente significativa (p=0,0147) entre as 28 (80%) não usuárias de métodos contraceptivos comparadas a 42 (53,8%) com algum método contraceptivo. Fatores como idade, escolaridade, número de filhos vivos e religião não apresentaram associação estatística com a aceitabilidade do PFN. A aceitabilidade do método de ovulação Billings é adequada, porém com pouco uso na prática por falta de informação pelos profissionais da saúde da verdadeira eficácia e aplicabilidade.
The Development of Early Delinquency: Can Classroom and School Climates Make a Difference?
Authors: Sprott Jane
Published: November 2011

Previous research has found that school and classroom climates have important effects on children's perceptions and behaviours. More specifically, there are thought to be two types of support (emotional and instrumental) provided at the level of the classroom and the school. Emotional support within the classroom has been found to be most important for some higher-risk children. There has, however, been little research using these concepts with outcomes such as delinquency. Therefore, using two years of the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, this study investigates the role of classroom and school climates on the development of early violence and property offending. Results revealed that an emotionally supportive classroom when these children were 10 to 13 years old was related to lower levels of violence two years later, when they were 12 to 15 years old. In addition, a classroom that focused on academics (instrumental support) was predictive of lower property offending. Interpretations and policy implications are discussed.
The Governance Deficit: Reflections on the Future of Public and Private Policing in Canada
Authors: Burbidge Scott
Published: November 2011

The growing presence of private police in our society, and especially the fact that they perform many policing functions traditionally regarded as the preserve of public police, raises fundamental questions of police governance and accountability for a democratic society based on the rule of law and respect for human rights. From the perspective of the rule of law and respect for human rights, this article argues that it is unacceptable that while the public police (at least in theory) are governed by and accountable to democratically elected governmental authority and to the public, private police officers performing the same policing functions as their public police counterparts are not subject to the same form of democratic governance and accountability.

Given existing federal and provincial human rights legislation in Canada, and the recent extension of federal privacy and access legislation to the private sector, there would seem to be no insurmountable jurisdictional or constitutional obstacle to extending the notion of a code of conduct incorporating human rights to the private security sector, insofar as they are involved in the exercise of the police powers of investigation, detention, arrest, the gathering and sharing of personal information, and so on. Such a development would constitute significant progress towards achieving comprehensive and effective democratic governance and accountability for both public and private policing in Canada.
Two-Tier Health Care, Education, and Policing: A Comparative Analysis of the Discourses of Privatization
Authors: Cukier Wendy , Thomlinson Neil
Published: November 2011

While there are similarities in the ways in which the debates on privatization of education, health care, and policing are constructed in the media, there are also differences. The discourses of privatization are often framed in different ways - questions of markets, efficiency, and service on the one hand and issues of equity, access, and social justice on the other. At the same time, a comparison of these discourses of privatization reveals some striking differences in their patterns:

1. There are significant differences in the volume of media coverage.

2. Although there are obvious conceptual parallels, there are significant differences in the argumentation that dominates the media.

3. There is much more evidence of value-laden language in discussions of health care and education than policing.

4. The diversity of stakeholders who participate in the discourses are also quite different and less pronounced in policing.
Creating a Federal Inmate Grievance Tribunal
Authors: Patrick Jeremy
Published: November 2011

Federal inmates in Canada currently have access to a wide variety of mechanisms that purport to ensure their rights are respected: internal grievance systems, the Canadian Human Rights Commission, the Office of the Correctional Investigator, the court system, and more. However, for a variety of reasons, each of these mechanisms is inadequate to import accountability and the rule of law into the prison system. Instead, this article proposes the creation of a Federal Inmate Grievance Tribunal to rule on the merits of selected grievances. Key features of the proposed tribunal include fairness and independence; timely resolution of cases; and the ability to issue binding orders. In addition, the structure of the proposed tribunal is discussed.
Risks, Ethics, and Airport Security
Authors: Malley Pat
Published: November 2011

A key distinction needs to be made between formal and informal risk profiling. It is usually assumed that formal risk profiling, based on statistical data, provides an optimal means of prediction and thus of detecting high-risk individuals or situations. However, it must be recognized that formal profiles are based extensively on informal profiles - those built upon the experience and working cultures of security-related officials. Formal profiles are thus prone to the same errors and tend to produce self-fulfilling prophecies, resulting in both errors of fact and discriminatory consequences for false-positive cases. All profiles, however, are fraught with problems, perhaps the most obvious and significant being that the targets of interdiction readily become aware of them and modify their operations to incorporate activities and/or individuals that do not fit existing profiles. Consequently, totally risk-based security, ironically, may become less effective than alternatives such as randomly assigned focused interdictions.
Re-imagining a Feminist Criminology
Authors: Balfour Gillian
Published: November 2011

Women are the fastest-growing prisoner population in Canada. This can be attributed, in part, to the neo-liberal criminalization of poverty through its war on drugs, creation of welfare fraud, and cutbacks to social services, all of which have directly and uniquely affected women. But what of feminist criminology amidst this incarceration spiral? In this article I examine the drift of critical feminist criminology toward a Foucauldian construction of power that, in decentring the state, has theorized women's docile bodies as governed at a distance through various technologies and rationalities of discipline and risk. I argue that it is time to re-imagine a feminist criminology that questions this shift and asks, in theoretical and political terms, “What is to be done?”
Coroners' Interested Advocacy: Understanding Wrongful Accusations and Convictions
Authors: Kramar Kirsten
Published: November 2011

The problems of forensic pathologists' court testimony leading to wrongful convictions in cases of infant death, especially where mothers are charged with the offence, and of this testimony possibly involving gross distortion of scientific findings arise, in part, through a systematic misunderstanding by the law, and by judges and jurors, of forensic pathologists', and especially coroners', attitude toward their professional obligations. The law takes forensic pathological and coronial testimony to be “disinterested” scientific fact advanced purely for its inherent value in assisting the truth-seeking element of the trial process, and thus highly reliable as the basis of the exercise of the most coercive powers of government. Those delivering the testimony understand their task as part of a broader, long-standing public health and safety mandate to “speak for the dead to protect the living.” This clash of discursive frameworks has undermined the adversarial element of these trials, not just on a contingent case-by-case basis but over the courses of extended campaigns against child abuse and of professional forensic pathological careers.
Seeing Red over Black and White: Popular and Media Representations of Inter-racial Relationships as Precursors to Racial Violence
Authors: Perry Barbara , Sutton Michael
Published: November 2011

The recent U.K. murder of Anthony Walker attests to the lingering antipathy, indeed hostility, toward intimate inter-racial relationships, especially those involving black men and white women. Seventeen-year-old Walker was brutally beaten, then fatally assaulted with an axe to his head – the “provocation” for the attack being this young black man's relationship with his white girlfriend. This article assesses the historical and contemporary images and mythologies that continue to stigmatize inter-racial relationships. Specifically, we look at the representations disseminated through various popular media forms. The article suggests that these mediated constructs condition an environment that facilitates, if not encourages, violence against those in inter-racial relationships.
Are the Best Higher Education Journals Really the Best? A Meta-Analysis of Writing Quality and Readability
Authors: Shelley II Mack , Schuh John
Published: November 2011

The authors examine the relationship between writing quality, readability, and selectivity of seventeen education journals. They find that the quality of writing and readability did not vary as a function of selectivity; journals that are more selective about the work they publish tend to feature more complex forms of writing; and general-interest journals are significantly more selective than those with a mandate to publish work in a specialized field.
Improving the International Influence of Chinese Academic Journals
Authors: Fenglian Zhang , Li Li
Published: November 2011

To improve the international influence of academic journals of China, the authors argue, one must promote academic quality and realize the internationalization of journals. Attracting high-level articles, establishing a strict reviewing system, and shortening publishing periods are all helpful suggestions to improve academic quality.
Competition between cytotypes changes across a longitudinal gradient in Centaurea stoebe (Asteraceae)
Authors: Collins Alexandra R. , Naderi Ruhollah , Mueller‐Schaerer Heinz
Published: November 2011

• Premise of the Study: Polyploidy resulting from whole genome duplication has contributed to the adaptive evolution of many plant species. However, the conditions necessary for successful polyploid evolution and subsequent establishment and persistence in sympatry with diploid progenitors are often quite limited. One condition thought to be necessary for establishment is a substantial competitive superiority of the polyploid.

• Methods: We conducted a pairwise competition experiment using diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Centaurea stoebe L. to determine whether (1) tetraploids have greater competitive ability than diploids, (2) cytotypes from mixed‐cytotype populations have more balanced competitive abilities than single‐cytotype populations, and (3) competitive abilities change along a longitudinal gradient.

• Key Results: Across sampling localities, tetraploids did not produce greater aboveground biomass than diploids but suffered from greater intracytotypic competition. Tetraploids allocated greater biomass belowground than diploids, regardless of competition treatment, and had greater performance for traits associated with long‐term persistence (bolted more frequently and produced more accessory rosettes). Competitive ability of tetraploids did not differ between single‐ and mixed‐cytotype populations but varied along a longitudinal gradient. Tetraploids were stronger intercytotypic competitors in Western Europe (Switzerland and Germany) than in Eastern Europe (Hungary and Slovakia), which indicates that cytotype coexistence may be more likely in Eastern Europe, the proposed origin of tetraploids, than in Western Europe.

• Conclusions: Our study addresses the importance of examining competitive interactions between cytotypes across their distributional range, as competitive interactions were not consistent across sampling localities.
LiLa Booking System: Architecture and Conceptual Model of a Rig Booking System for On-Line Laboratories
Authors: Mateos Veronica , Gallardo Alberto , Richter Thomas , Bellido Luis , Debicki Peter , Villagrá Dr. Víctor A.
Published: November 2011

Many educational institutions acknowledged the importance of providing online-access to student laboratories. To optimize the use of the scarce and expensive resources such laboratories depend on, it is advisable to establish and setup a booking system that helps to administer access to them.

This paper reports on the architecture and conceptual model of the rig booking system designed for the LiLa Portal, a web portal that makes virtual and remote experiments available on the Internet. The design of the booking system is based on a requirements analysis carried out by the EC funded LiLa project in cooperation with international partners from the Global Online Lab Consortium, GoLC.