bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RNA aptamers selectively modulate protein recruitment to the cytoplasmic domain of β-secretase BACE1 in vitro
Authors: Rentmeister Andrea , Bill Anke , Wahle Tina , Walter Jochen , Famulok Michael
Published: August 2006

The β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) is a major component of the Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated senile plaques and is generated by sequential cleavage of the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-secretase and γ-secretase. Since BACE1 initiates Aβ generation it represents a valuable target to interfere with Aβ production and treatment of AD. While the enzymatic activity of BACE1 resides in the extracellular domain, the protein also contains a short cytoplasmic tail (B1-CT). This domain serves as a binding site for at least two proteins, the copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase-1 (CCS), and the Golgi-localized, γ-ear-containing, ADP ribosylation factor-binding (GGA1) protein, and contains a single phosphorylation site. However, the precise role of the B1-CT for the overall biological function of this protein is largely unknown. Functional studies focusing on the activity of this domain would strongly benefit from the availability of domain-specific inhibitors. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of RNA aptamers that selectively target the B1-CT. We show that these RNAs bind to authentic BACE1 and provide evidence that the binding site is restricted to the membrane-proximal half of the C terminus. Aptamer-binding specifically interferes with the recruitment of CCS, but still permits GGA1 association and casein kinase-dependent phosphorylation, consistent with selective binding site targeting within this short peptide. Because phosphorylation and GGA1 binding to B1-CT regulate BACE1 transport, these RNA inhibitors could be applied to investigate B1-CT activity without affecting the subcellular localization of BACE1.
MicroRNA promoter element discovery in Arabidopsis
Authors: Megraw Molly , Baev Vesselin , Rusinov Ventsislav , Jensen Shane T. , Kalantidis Kriton , Hatzigeorgiou Artemis G.
Published: August 2006

In this study we present a method of identifying Arabidopsis miRNA promoter elements using known transcription factor binding motifs. We provide a comparative analysis of the representation of these elements in miRNA promoters, protein-coding gene promoters, and random genomic sequences. We report five transcription factor (TF) binding motifs that show evidence of overrepresentation in miRNA promoter regions relative to the promoter regions of protein-coding genes. This investigation is based on the analysis of 800-nucleotide regions upstream of 63 experimentally verified Transcription Start Sites (TSS) for miRNA primary transcripts in Arabidopsis. While the TATA-box binding motif was also previously reported by Xie and colleagues, the transcription factors AtMYC2, ARF, SORLREP3, and LFY are identified for the first time as overrepresented binding motifs in miRNA promoters.
Allowing Free Speech and Prohibiting Persecution—A Contemporary Sophie's Choice
Authors: Newman Christopher J.
Published: August 2006

This article considers the approach of three distinct common law jurisdictions to the problems faced by courts when an individual's right to freedom of expression is invoked as a defence to a low-level public order offence. The contrasting approach of courts in England, Australia and the USA will be examined in order to ascertain whether there is a simple balancing act to be made on a case-by-case basis or whether an optimal model of public order legislation can be established to provide some certainty when rights to freedom of expression collide with the wider rights of the community.
Proteomic Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Changes Related to Postmortem Interval
Authors: Finehout Erin J , Franck Zsofia , Relkin Norman , Lee Kelvin H
Published: August 2006

Background: The study of proteins with altered production in postmortem cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compared with antemortem CSF may improve the understanding of biochemical changes that occur immediately after death.

Methods: Two CSF samples (1 antemortem and 1 postmortem) were collected from 7 patients and analyzed by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. An analysis was also performed to identify proteins that showed a correlation between concentration change and postmortem interval. Tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify the proteins.

Results: Fifty-four protein spots were identified that showed a consistent and significant change in concentration in the postmortem CSF of all 7 patients (>3.5-fold, P <0.01). The proteins in these spots derive from a variety of functional groups, including cytoskeletal proteins, enzymes involved in glycolysis, and proteins that prevent oxidative stress. Fourteen protein spots were found to have an increase in production that correlated with postmortem interval.

Conclusions: Changes in protein production of postmortem vs antemortem CSF were studied. The proteins observed to change production in the postmortem CSF include several proteins previously observed as potential stroke biomarkers.
Population Genetics Models of Competition Between Transposable Element Subfamilies
Authors: Rouzic Arnaud Le , Capy Pierre
Published: August 2006

Transposable elements are one of the major components of genomes. Some copies are fully efficient; i.e., they are able to produce the proteins needed for their own transposition, and they can move and duplicate into the genome. Other copies are mutated. They may have lost their moving ability, their coding capacity, or both, thus becoming pseudogenes slowly eliminated from the genome through deletions and natural selection. Little is known about the dynamics of such mutant elements, particularly concerning their interactions with autonomous copies. To get a better understanding of the transposable elements' evolution after their initial invasion, we have designed a population genetics model of transposable elements dynamics including mutants or nonfunctional sequences. We have particularly focused on the case where these sequences are nonautonomous elements, known to be able to use the transposition machinery produced by the autonomous ones. The results show that such copies generally prevent the system from achieving a stable transposition–selection equilibrium and that nonautonomous elements can invade the system at the expense of autonomous ones. The resulting dynamics are mainly cyclic, which highlights the similarities existing between genomic selfish DNA sequences and host–parasite systems.
Genetic Analysis of Slipper/Mixed Lineage Kinase Reveals Requirements in Multiple Jun-N-Terminal Kinase-Dependent Morphogenetic Events During Drosophila Development
Authors: Polaski Stephanie , Whitney Lisa , Barker Barbara White , Stronach Beth
Published: August 2006

Mixed lineage kinases (MLKs) function as Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) kinase kinases to transduce extracellular signals during development and homeostasis in adults. slipper (slpr), which encodes the Drosophila homolog of mammalian MLKs, has previously been implicated in activation of the JNK pathway during embryonic dorsal epidermal closure. To further define the specific functions of SLPR, we analyzed the phenotypic consequences of slpr loss and gain of function throughout development, using a semiviable maternal-effect allele and wild-type or dominant-negative transgenes. From these analyses we confirm that failure of dorsal closure is the null phenotype in slpr germline clones. In addition, there is a functional maternal contribution, which can suffice for embryogenesis in the zygotic null mutant, but rarely suffices for pupal metamorphosis, revealing later functions for slpr as the maternal contribution is depleted. Zygotic null mutants that eclose as adults display an array of morphological defects, many of which are shared by hep mutant animals, deficient in the JNK kinase (JNKK/MKK7) substrate for SLPR, suggesting that the defects observed in slpr mutants primarily reflect loss of hep-dependent JNK activation. Consistent with this, the maternal slpr contribution is sensitive to the dosage of positive and negative JNK pathway regulators, which attenuate or potentiate SLPR-dependent signaling in development. Although SLPR and TAK1, another JNKKK family member, are differentially used in dorsal closure and TNF/Eiger-stimulated apoptosis, respectively, a Tak1 mutant shows dominant genetic interactions with slpr, suggesting potential redundant or combinatorial functions. Finally, we demonstrate that SLPR overexpression can induce ectopic JNK signaling and that the SLPR protein is enriched at the epithelial cell cortex.
Design of Microarray Experiments for Genetical Genomics Studies
Authors: Filho Júlio S S Bueno , Gilmour Steven G , Rosa Guilherme J M
Published: August 2006

Microarray experiments have been used recently in genetical genomics studies, as an additional tool to understand the genetic mechanisms governing variation in complex traits, such as for estimating heritabilities of mRNA transcript abundances, for mapping expression quantitative trait loci, and for inferring regulatory networks controlling gene expression. Several articles on the design of microarray experiments discuss situations in which treatment effects are assumed fixed and without any structure. In the case of two-color microarray platforms, several authors have studied reference and circular designs. Here, we discuss the optimal design of microarray experiments whose goals refer to specific genetic questions. Some examples are used to illustrate the choice of a design for comparing fixed, structured treatments, such as genotypic groups. Experiments targeting single genes or chromosomic regions (such as with transgene research) or multiple epistatic loci (such as within a selective phenotyping context) are discussed. In addition, microarray experiments in which treatments refer to families or to subjects (within family structures or complex pedigrees) are presented. In these cases treatments are more appropriately considered to be random effects, with specific covariance structures, in which the genetic goals relate to the estimation of genetic variances and the heritability of transcriptional abundances.
The Genetic Architecture of Life Span and Mortality Rates: Gender and Species Differences in Inbreeding Load of Two Seed-Feeding Beetles
Authors: Fox Charles W , Scheibly Kristy L , Wallin William G , Hitchcock Lisa J , Stillwell R Craig , Smith Benjamin P
Published: August 2006

We examine the inbreeding load for adult life span and mortality rates of two seed beetle species, Callosobruchus maculatus and Stator limbatus. Inbreeding load differs substantially between males and females in both study populations of C. maculatus—life span of inbred females was 9–13% shorter than the life span of outbred females, whereas the life span of inbred males did not differ from the life span of outbred males. The effect of inbreeding on female life span was largely due to an increase in the slope of the mortality curve. In contrast, inbreeding had only a small effect on the life span of S. limbatus—life spans of inbred beetles were ∼5% shorter than those of outbred beetles, and there was no difference in inbreeding load between the sexes. The inbreeding load for mean life span was ∼0.4–0.6 lethal equivalents per haploid gamete for female C. maculatus and ∼0.2–0.3 for both males and females of S. limbatus, all within the range of estimates commonly obtained for Drosophila. However, contrary to the predictions of mutation-accumulation models, inbreeding load for loci affecting mortality rates did not increase with age in either species, despite an effect of inbreeding on the initial rate of increase in mortality. This was because mortality rates decelerated with age and converged to a mortality plateau for both outbred and inbred beetles.
The Fate of Transposable Elements in Asexual Populations
Authors: Dolgin Elie S , Charlesworth Brian
Published: August 2006

Sexual reproduction and recombination are important for maintaining a stable copy number of transposable elements (TEs). In sexual populations, elements can be contained by purifying selection against host carriers with higher element copy numbers; however, in the absence of sex and recombination, asexual populations could be driven to extinction by an unchecked proliferation of TEs. Here we provide a theoretical framework for analyzing TE dynamics under asexual reproduction. Analytic results show that, in an infinite asexual population, an equilibrium in copy number is achieved if no element excision is possible, but that all TEs are eliminated if there is some excision. In a finite population, computer simulations demonstrate that small populations are driven to extinction by a Muller's ratchet-like process of element accumulation, but that large populations can be cured of vertically transmitted TEs, even with excision rates well below transposition rates. These results may have important consequences for newly arisen asexual lineages and may account for the lack of deleterious retrotransposons in the putatively ancient asexual bdelloid rotifers.
Genomewide Expression Profiling in the Zebrafish Embryo Identifies Target Genes Regulated by Hedgehog Signaling During Vertebrate Development
Authors: Xu Jun , Srinivas Bhylahalli P , Tay Shang Yew , Mak Alicia , Yu Xianwen , Lee Serene G P , Yang Henry , Govindarajan Kunde R , Leong Bernard , Bourque Guillaume , Mathavan Sinnakarupan , Roy Sudipto
Published: August 2006

Hedgehog proteins play critical roles in organizing the embryonic development of animals, largely through modulation of target gene expression. Little is currently known, however, about the kinds and numbers of genes whose expression is controlled, directly or indirectly, by Hedgehog activity. Using techniques to globally repress or activate Hedgehog signaling in zebrafish embryos followed by microarray-based expression profiling, we have discovered a cohort of genes whose expression responds significantly to loss or gain of Hedgehog function. We have confirmed the Hedgehog responsiveness of a representative set of these genes with whole-mount in situ hybridization as well as real time PCR. In addition, we show that the consensus Gli-binding motif is enriched within the putative regulatory elements of a sizeable proportion of genes that showed positive regulation in our assay, indicating that their expression is directly induced by Hedgehog. Finally, we provide evidence that the Hedgehog-dependent spatially restricted transcription of one such gene, nkx2.9, is indeed mediated by Gli1 through a single Gli recognition site located within an evolutionarily conserved enhancer fragment. Taken together, this study represents the first comprehensive survey of target genes regulated by the Hedgehog pathway during vertebrate development. Our data also demonstrate for the first time the functionality of the Gli-binding motif in the control of Hedgehog signaling-induced gene expression in the zebrafish embryo.
Ltv1 Is Required for Efficient Nuclear Export of the Ribosomal Small Subunit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Seiser Robert M , Sundberg Alexandra E , Wollam Bethany J , Zobel-Thropp Pamela , Baldwin Katherine , Spector Maxwell D , Lycan Deborah E
Published: August 2006

In eukaryotes, 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits are assembled in the nucleus and exported to the cytoplasm independently of one another. Nuclear export of the 60S requires the adapter protein Nmd3, but no analogous adapter has been identified for the 40S. Ltv1 is a nonessential, nonribosomal protein that is required for 40S subunit biogenesis in yeast. Cells lacking LTV1 grow slowly, are hypersensitive to inhibitors of protein synthesis, and produce about half as many 40S subunits as do wild-type cells. Ltv1 interacts with Crm1, co-sediments in sucrose gradients with 43S/40S subunits, and copurifies with late 43S particles. Here we show that Ltv1 shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm in a Crm1-dependent manner and that it contains a functional NES that is sufficient to direct the export of an NLS-containing reporter. Small subunit export is reduced in Δltv1 mutants, as judged by the altered distribution of the 5′-ITS1 rRNA and the 40S ribosomal protein RpS3. Finally, we show a genetic interaction between LTV1 and YRB2, a gene that encodes a Ran-GTP-, Crm1-binding protein that facilitates the small subunit export. We propose that Ltv1 functions as one of several possible adapter proteins that link the nuclear export machinery to the small subunit.
Quantas manobras são necessárias para abolir o nistagmo na vertigem posicional paroxística benigna?
Authors: Dorigueto Ricardo Schaffeln , Ganança Maurício Malavasi , Ganança Fernando Freitas
Published: August 2006

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o número de manobras necessárias para abolir o nistagmo posicional em pacientes com Vertigem Posicional Paroxística Benigna e verificar possíveis influências do substrato fisiopatológico e/ou canal semicircular acometido. FORMA DE ESTUDO: clínico prospectivo com coorte transversal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Sessenta pacientes com Vertigem Posicional Paroxística Benigna foram tratados por meio das manobras de reposicionamento de estatocônios, repetidas semanalmente até a abolição do nistagmo. A Análise de Variância foi aplicada para verificar diferenças entre as variáveis dos fatores "substrato fisiopatológico" e "canal semicircular acometido". RESULTADOS: Foram necessárias de 1 a 8 manobras, em média 2,13 para abolir o nistagmo posicional. A cupulolitíase necessitou de um número maior de manobras que a ductolitíase (p=0,0002*) e não houve diferença entre os canais semicirculares (p=0,5213). Nos canais anterior e posterior, a ductolitíase precisou em média de uma a duas manobras e a cupulolitíase precisou em média de três manobras. No canal lateral, tanto a ductolitíase quanto a cupulolitíase precisaram de duas manobras, em média. CONCLUSÕES: São necessárias de uma a oito manobras semanais de reposicionamento de estatocônios, em média duas, para eliminar o nistagmo posicional na Vertigem Posicional Paroxística Benigna. A cupulolitíase necessita de maior número de manobras que a ductolitíase. O canal semicircular acometido não influencia o número de manobras terapêuticas.
Análise dos projetos de desenvolvimento dos vales dos rios Tietê e Paraná
Authors: Bernardes Elaine Mendonça , Peres Fernando Curi
Published: August 2006

Este artigo avalia as alternativas propostas para a região dos vales dos rios Tietê e Paraná, no estado de São Paulo. Os projetos formalmente elaborados para a região foram analisados através do método da estrutura lógica. Tal método consiste em representar um projeto na forma de uma matriz 4 × 4 cujos elementos permitem a análise do projeto em questão pela utilização de critérios relacionados ao método científico, à análise de sistemas e ao ponto de vista da gerência de programas. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram a inconsistência nos planos e projetos existentes para a região.
Dengue epidemic in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: virological and epidemiological aspects
Authors: Miagostovich Marize P. , Nogueira Rita M.R. , Cavalcanti Silvia M.B. , Marzochi Keyla B.F. , Schatzmayr Hermann G.
Published: August 2006

Laboratorial studies were carried out on 3178 patients with signs and symptoms suggestive of dengue infection from April 1986 to December 1987 in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The epidemic had two peaks following the first virus isolation and affected the inhabitants of 17 counties. Both sex and all age groups were affected. Dengue virus type 1 was isolated from 1039 sera and the number of confirmed cases was increased to 1874 (59%) by MAC-ELISA. Isolation rate confirmed cases reached 80% in the specimens obtained until the 4th day after the onset of disease and viraemia ranged from 10 3.0 to 10(8.5) TCID50/ml.
The interference of methods in the collection of teredinids (Mollusca, Bivalvia) in mangrove habitats
Authors: Leonel Rosa M. V. , Lopes Sônia G. B. C. , Moraes Daniela T. de , Aversari Marcos
Published: August 2006

In the estuary of the Mamanguape River (Paraíba, Brazil), a new collection technique was developed and applied with virgin poles of mangrove trees Avicennia schaueriana (Verbenaceae), Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae), and Laguncularia racemosa (Combretaceae), taking into account wood preference, water salinity and depth influence during teredinid larval settlement. Sets of poles were vertically fixed in the riverbed at three sites along a decreasing salinity gradient, where they stayed for four months. The poles were collected and divided into upper, median, and lower segments, in agreement with different immersion regimes. An increase of 239% was obtained in the number of individuals when compared to a previous study in the same area using a different methodology. The species Teredo bartschi (Clapp, 1923), Nausitora fusticula (Jeffreys, 1860) and Bankia fimbriatula Moll & Roch, 1931 were registered in both studies, and the species Psiloteredo healdi (Bartsch, 1931) is here registered for the first time as occurring in that estuary. The species Neoteredo reynei (Bartsch, 1920), previously registered on tree branches of the mangrove habitat, was not found in the present work. Bankia fimbriatula, the most abundant species, did not show preference for any substratum but occurred significantly on the lower segment of the poles. N. fusticula, second in abundance, preferred to settle on poles of A. schaueriana and on any of the three segments. Aiming to assess the habitat variations, a more accurate study on teredinids diversity in mangrove ecosystems should be performed through a concomitant analysis from tree branches of the mangrove habitat, as well as from poles of mangrove trees or panels made of pine wood or mangrove trees wood. These collection devices should be maintained along a decreasing salinity gradient exposed to different tide levels.
Avaliação de cultivares de alfafa e estimativas de repetibilidade de caracteres forrageiros
Authors: Ferreira Reinaldo de Paula , Botrel Milton de Andrade , Pereira Antonio Vander , Cruz Cosme Damião
Published: August 2006

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de 42 cultivares de alfafa (Medicago sativa L.) e estimar o coeficiente de repetibilidade das características produção de matéria seca, teor de proteína bruta na folha e no caule e tolerância a doenças, avaliadas no período das águas (outubro a março) e da seca (abril a setembro), em seis cortes. Observou-se variabilidade significativa entre as cultivares quanto à produção de matéria seca e ao teor de proteína bruta na folha, em ambas as estações. No tocante a teor de proteína bruta no caule e tolerância a doenças, a variabilidade foi manifestada apenas no período da seca. As cultivares de melhor desempenho, para a maioria das características avaliadas, foram Crioula e Cibola. Em geral, o coeficiente de repetibilidade apresentou estimativas de baixa magnitude (inferior a 0,4). Quanto à produção de matéria seca, constatou-se a existência de comportamento similar das cultivares avaliadas nos dois períodos estudados, coeficiente de repetibilidade variando de 0,3195 a 0,4270, determinação genotípica em torno de 65%, e possibilidade de se atingir a predição do valor real por meio de sete a nove cortes.
Efeito da temperatura sobre o desenvolvimento de Scymnus (Pullus) argentinicus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Santos Terezinha Monteiro dos , Bueno Vanda Helena Paes
Published: August 2006

Estudou-se a biologia de Scymnus (Pullus) argentinicus Weise sobre a presa Schizaphis graminum a 20, 25 e 30ºC. As temperaturas de 25 e 30ºC foram favoráveis ao desenvolvimento de S. (Pullus) argentinicus. O período embrionário médio foi de 3,24 dias e o estádio larval de 8,43 dias a 25ºC. A duração média dos ínstares e os períodos pré-pupal e pupal foram significativamente menores a 25 e 30ºC. O percentual de adultos emergidos foi maior a 30ºC (98%) ao passo que a 20ºC houve 82% de emergência.
A quasi-materialist, quasi-dualist solution to the mind-body problem
Authors: Kuczynski John-Michael
Published: August 2006

If the mental can affect, or be affected by, the physical, then the mental must itself be physical. Otherwise the physical world would not be explanatorily closed. But it is closed. There are reasons to hold that materialism (in both its reductive and non-reductive varieties) is false. So how are we to explain the apparent responsiveness of the physical to the mental and vice versa? The only possible solution seems to be this: physical objects are really projections or isomorphs of objects whose essential properties are mental. (A slightly less accurate way of putting this would be to say: the constitutive - i.e. the non-structural and non-phenomenal - properties of physical objects are mental, i.e. are such as we are used to encountering only in "introspection".) The chair, qua thing that I can know through sense perception, and through hypotheses based strictly thereupon, is a kind of shadow of an object that is exactly like it, except that this other objects essential properties are mental. This line of thought, though radically counterintuitive, explains the apparent responsiveness of the mental to the physical, and vice versa, without being open to any of the criticisms to which materialism, dualistic interaction ism, and epiphenomenalism are open.
Estresse oxidativo em girassol (Helianthus annuus) indica sinergismo para a mistura dos herbicidas metribuzin e clomazone
Authors: Kruse N.D. , Vidal R.A. , Dalmaz C. , Trezzi M.M. , Siqueira I.
Published: August 2006

Determinações bioquímicas e físico-químicas são úteis para verificar o tipo de interação herbicida. Três experimentos foram conduzidos com dois herbicidas geradores de estresse oxidativo para demonstrar o possível sinergismo em sua associação. Plantas de girassol foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva até o estádio de dois pares de folhas, quando então os herbicidas foram aplicados. Os tratamentos consistiram de metribuzin a 0 e 0,28 µmol L-1 e clomazone a 0 e 80 µmol L-1, com quatro repetições, isolados e em mistura. No material coletado, três dias após a aplicação, determinou-se o malondialdeído (MDA), pelo método das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Em outro experimento, os herbicidas foram testados sobre 40 discos de 4 mm de folhas de girassol imersas em 5 mL de tampão MES-NaOH, em pH 6,5. Os tratamentos consistiram de metribuzin a 0 e 12 µmol L-1 e clomazone a 0 e 237 µmol L¹, com quatro repetições, isolados e em mistura. Os discos foliares tratados foram incubados por 24 h no escuro a 24 ºC e por 36 h sob luz, à mesma temperatura. A condutividade eletrolítica da solução foi então medida. Em relação ao metribuzin e clomazone aplicados isoladamente, a mistura dos dois herbicidas aumentou o equivalente MDA em 217 e 166%, e a condutividade eletrolítica, em 37 e 41%, respectivamente. Esses resultados demonstram, em nível bioquímico e físico-químico, a existência de sinergismo na mistura de metribuzin e clomazone, nas doses estudadas.
Estudo e aplicação de transporte colaborativo para cargas de grande volume
Authors: Botter Rui Carlos , Tacla Douglas , Hino Celso Mitsuo
Published: August 2006

Esta pesquisa objetiva realizar um estudo de "Transporte Colaborativo" para grandes volumes, especificamente para conjugação de cargas no transporte rodoviário. A proposta é desenvolver uma metodologia capaz de conciliar e flexibilizar as restrições impostas pelas janelas de tempo, de modo a interferir nos níveis hierárquicos de decisão, minimizando gastos em fretes e consolidando os conceitos de transporte colaborativo em uma aplicação real. No nível estratégico: contribuir no planejamento dos locais de armazenagem; no nível tático: determinar o momento e origem da retirada; e no nível operacional: tratar especificamente a execução da conjugação das cargas. A aplicação ocorre suportada por um banco de dados com 411.852 registros, utilizando modelagem matemática para um caso no agronegócio brasileiro. Os resultados obtidos são muito satisfatórios e projetarão redução no frete rodoviário da ordem de R$ 12,7 milhões por ano, na base de dados coletada, se a metodologia aqui proposta for implantada em sua plenitude.
Crescimento de Aegla longirostri Bond-Buckup & Buckup (Crustacea, Anomura, Aeglidae)
Authors: Silva-Castiglioni Daiana da , Barcelos Daniela F. , Santos Sandro
Published: August 2006

O crescimento de Aegla longirostri Bond-Buckup & Buckup, 1994 foi analisado mensalmente de setembro de 1996 a agosto de 1997 no Rio Ibicuí-Mirim, Itaára, localidade de Val-de-Serra, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. O sexo dos espécimes coletados foi registrado e a medida do comprimento do cefalotórax foi tomada com um paquímetro. O crescimento foi estimado usando o modelo de von Bertalanffy. As curvas de crescimento em comprimento do cefalotórax (mm) de machos e fêmeas foram descritas, respectivamente, pelas equações: Ct = 27,9 [1 - e - 0,0069 (t + 24,78)] e Ct = 21,45 [1 - e - 0,0048 (t + 45,62)]. A idade máxima estimada para machos foi de um ano e nove meses e para fêmeas dois anos.
Anatomosurgical study of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve for submandibular surgical approach
Authors: Woltmann Marcus , Faveri Ricardo de , Sgrott Emerson Alexandre
Published: August 2006

The purpose of this study was to estimate the distance from the mandibular marginal branch of the facial nerve to the inferior margin of the mandible in order to determine the best and safest location to approach the posterior mandibular region. Forty-five hemi-faces of 27 Brazilian adult cadavers were dissected and the distance between the mandibular marginal branch and the inferior margin of the mandible was measured. The number of marginal branches and anastomoses with other branches of the facial nerve was also recorded. The evaluation of the anatomic pieces showed 1 to 3 branches of the marginal mandibular branch, anastomoses with the buccal and cervical branches of the facial nerve and distances between 1.3 cm to +1.2 cm from the inferior margin of the mandible. In 57.7% of the cases, the nerve passed superiorly and along the length of the inferior margin of the mandible. Based on the findings of the present anatomosurgical study, it may be recommended an incision 3 cm below the inferior margin of the mandible associated to a careful dissection in planes and flap retraction. This is expected to reduce the risk of neuropraxia of the marginal mandibular nerve making the submandibular incision a safe approach.
Brazilian consumers' perception of tenderness of beef steaks classified by shear force and taste
Authors: Delgado Eduardo Francisquine , Aguiar Ana Paula , Ortega Edwin Moisés Marcos , Spoto Marta Helena Fillet , Castillo Carmen Josefina Contreras
Published: August 2006

The knowledge of consumer perception of meat tenderness and taste is essential to forecast a Brazilian quality value-based beef market. This study aimed to verify perception of tender (WBSF < 4.1 kg) from tough (> 4.8 kg) strip loin steak or uncharacteristic (calcium-treated/Ca-IM) and normal (non-calcium/NO-Ca) meat taste by consumers according to gender, age, education and income levels. Steaks were previously classified by shear force measurements as tender or tough. Each consumer was served a paired sample of one tender and of one tough steak, which were either Ca-IM or NO-Ca treated before tenderness classification. Three hundred and eight consumers answered a nine-point intensity (tenderness) and hedonic (taste) scales evaluation questionnaire. Among consumers, 82.2% indicated beef as first choice meat products, 75.3% had beef at least four times a week; 39.3% considered taste as the most important meat attribute and 30.2% considered tenderness; 75.8% were males; 73.6% were 21 to 55 years old; 56.7% had college education; 76.6% had monthly income higher than US $ 435,00. Tender steaks were scored highest (P < 0.01), independently of gender, age and income. However, elderly consumers gave higher scores to tender steaks in comparison to middle age consumers (P < 0.05). In the lower education level, scores given to tender and tough meat did not differ. The higher income level responders assigned lower tenderness scores within tender or tough meat (P = 0.10). Differences in taste were perceived by both genders, and by consumers in every income and education level. Males gave higher scores (dislike less) within Ca-IM steaks. Consumers in the lower education level scored taste higher (like most) within untreated samples. The elderly people could not differentiate taste between the Ca-IM and NO-Ca steaks. These are the first indications that Brazilian consumers perceive tender from tough or uncharacteristic taste of beef, but palatability is evaluated differentially depending on gender, age, education and income level.
A gravidez na adolescência sob a perspectiva dos familiares: compartilhando projetos de vida e cuidado
Authors: Silva Lucía , Tonete Vera Lúcia Pamplona
Published: August 2006

Estudo qualitativo, que objetivou apreender o significado da gravidez da adolescente para seus familiares. Empregou-se a entrevista semi-estruturada e discurso do sujeito coletivo. A gravidez da adolescente é representada como problema a ser enfrentado com o suporte familiar. As famílias preocupam-se e se mobilizam para resolver as adversidades. Além do choque pela notícia, impotência quanto à prevenção da gravidez, conformismo, alegria e melhora no relacionamento familiar pela chegada do bebê, evidenciou-se a frustração devido à interrupção/mudança no projeto de vida familiar em relação à adolescente sem um relacionamento estável com o pai da criança. Considera-se que, ao se valorizar a perspectiva dos familiares sobre a gestação na adolescência, o cuidado profissional à adolescente grávida e à família pode se dar em parceria e sintonia com o contexto familiar e social, facilitando o enfrentamento de conflitos e reconhecendo a família como sujeito ativo nesse processo.
O uso de vidro reciclado na confecção de membranas para microfiltração
Authors: Assis O. B.G.
Published: August 2006

Peças sinterizadas porosas para uso como meio de filtragem foram produzidas a partir de pós de vidro oriundo de material reciclado. O processamento seguiu o princípio de preenchimento, no qual sal (NaCl) foi adicionado como fase não sinterizável, solúvel, com o objetivo de controle dos tamanhos de poros e da porosidade. Detalhes da moagem e características dos pós processados são apresentados. A microestrutura das membranas sinterizadas e lixiviadas foi caracterizada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura e porosimetria de mercúrio. Os resultados indicam dependência entre a fração de sal adicionada e a microestrutura. Poros resultantes da solubilização do sal são identificados por apresentarem formatos preferencialmente regulares, diferindo dos demais. Análises de permeabilidade por queda de pressão demonstram a possibilidade de operação em microfiltração para diferentes intervalos de tamanho de poros.
Os catadores de lixo e o processo de emancipação social
Authors: Velloso Marta Pimenta
Published: August 2006

O artigo tece comentários sobre o processo de organização de duas associações de catadores de materiais recicláveis. Traz à tona a problemática da exclusão, enfatizando a necessidade de inserção dos segmentos sociais marginalizados. Focaliza, como caminho de inserção, a recriação de espaços com ambiente apropriado ao desenvolvimento da criatividade e, conseqüentemente, ao processo de emancipação social. Apresenta o Pequeno Grupo como solo provisório para existência humana, onde o poder decisório se manifesta a partir da interação dinâmica entre o singular e o coletivo.
Balanço de energia em um solo cultivado com feijão caupi no brejo paraibano
Authors: Lima José R. de S. , Antonino Antonio C. D. , Soares Willames de A. , Borges Edvane , Silva Ivandro de F. da , Lira Carlos A. B. de O.
Published: August 2006

Os componentes do balanço de energia num solo cultivado com feijão caupi nas condições do Brejo Paraibano, foram determinados numa área de 4 ha do Centro de Ciências Agrárias, da UFPB, localizada no município de Areia, PB (6o 58' S, 35o 41' W e 620 m). Para tal, instalou-se uma torre no centro da área, contendo um pluviógrafo, um piranômetro, um saldo radiômetro e sensores para medida da temperatura e da umidade relativa do ar, em dois níveis acima do dossel da cultura; além disso, dois locais no solo foram instrumentados, cada um com duas sondas térmicas instaladas horizontalmente, nas profundidades de z1 = 2,0 cm e z2 = 8,0 cm, além de uma placa destinada à medida do fluxo de calor no solo, a 5,0 cm. Essas medidas foram armazenadas a cada 30 min, num sistema de aquisição de dados. Verificou-se que o valor médio do saldo de radiação (Rn) foi de 78%, sendo a Rn utilizada, em média, como 71% no fluxo de calor latente (LE), 19% como fluxo de calor sensível (H) e 10% como fluxo de calor no solo (G). A fração do saldo de radiação utilizada como fluxo de calor latente aumentou com a evolução da cobertura do solo pela cultura, enquanto a fração utilizada como fluxo de calor sensível e de calor no solo, diminuiu.
Máscara de espalhamento e precipitação para os canais microondas do satélite NOAA
Authors: Carvalho João C. , Ferreira Nelson J. , Ramos Fernando M. , Lavanant Lydie
Published: August 2006

Propõe-se, com o presente trabalho, avaliar uma metodologia para identificação de pixels contaminados por precipitação e/ou espalhamento utilizando-se dados dos canais do Advanced Microwave Sensor Unit (AMSU). A aplicação de metodologias desse tipo é útil para a inferência de perfis verticais de temperatura e umidade no Brasil, em situações de céu coberto. A validação dos resultados foi feita com base em um estudo de caso, em que se aplicou uma análise subjetiva, tomando-se como modelo a comparação com imagens das bandas infravermelho, visível e microondas. Os resultados mostraram excelente concordância entre os topos de nuvens com temperaturas de brilho baixas, afetadas pelo efeito de espalhamento devido à presença de chuva e gelo, e as áreas identificadas pelo algoritmo como sendo contaminadas por este efeito. O algoritmo conseguiu identificar adequadamente os locais sob influência de precipitação e/ou espalhamento.
Utilização de água residuária de origem doméstica na agricultura: estudo das alterações químicas do solo
Authors: Medeiros Salomão de S. , Soares Antônio A. , Ferreira Paulo A. , Neves Júlio C. L. , Matos Antônio T. de , Souza José A. A. de
Published: August 2006

Neste trabalho, teve-se como objetivo principal investigar as alterações químicas do solo, em resposta à aplicação de água residuária filtrada de origem doméstica e comparar os resultados com aqueles obtidos com o manejo convencional. O experimento foi implantado na Unidade Piloto de Tratamento de Água Residuária e Agricultura Irrigada, localizada na Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV. O delineamento experimental constituiu-se de 18 unidades experimentais, cada uma composta de oito plantas. O experimento foi montado segundo o esquema de parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas os tipos de manejo adotados (convencional - MC e com água residuária de origem doméstica - MR, com aplicação de cinco diferentes lâminas) e, nas subparcelas as faixas de profundidade do solo (0 - 0,20; 0,20 - 0,40 e 0,40 - 0,60 m) no delineamento em blocos casualizados (linhas de plantio) com três repetições. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que a adoção do MR foi mais efetiva na melhoria das características do solo que o MC.
Do paradigma freudiano ao paradigma lacaniano
Authors: Major René
Published: August 2006

A intenção desse trabalho e anunciar a transformação do paradigma presente no pensamento psicanalítico, ao nos deslocarmos no discurso freudiano para o lacaniano. Isso se realiza pela indagação da economia da metáfora nesse discurso, que não funciona exatamente da mesma maneira, indicando então a existência de uma descontinuidade na linguagem psicanalítica na passagem de Freud para Lacan. Essa descontinuidade, no entanto, se escreve num fundo de continuidade, em decorrência da exigência teórica inaugurada pela psicanálise em que o sentido é dissolvido para lhe reconduzir à demanda que lhe é inerente.
Perspectiva de alimentação infantil obtida com gestantes atendidas em centros de saúde na cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Takushi Sueli Aparecida Moreira , Tanaka Ana Cristina d'Andretta , Gallo Paulo Rogério , Bresolin Ana Maria Bara
Published: August 2006

OBJETIVOS: conhecer a dieta infantil pretendida por gestantes para o primeiro ano de vida. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal cujos dados foram obtidos em formulário estruturado, aplicado durante entrevista individual com 164 gestantes, usuárias da Assistência pré-natal, de centros de saúde da cidade de São Paulo. Para análise estatística foi aplicado teste do chi2 para verificar associação entre idade, escolaridade, paridade e conhecimento de variedade de frutas, legumes, verduras e carnes. RESULTADOS: todas as mulheres conheciam pelo menos uma variedade de fruta e de legume, enquanto que 20% delas não pretendiam introduzir verduras. Não foram obtidos resultados estatisticamente significantes entre idade, escolaridade, paridade e conhecimento de variedade de frutas e de legumes. Foram obtidos resultados estatisticamente significantes entre idade, paridade e conhecimento de variedade de verduras e de carnes. Os alimentos mais rejeitados, na intenção materna, foram o peixe (85,4%) e o fígado (82,3%). Foram constatados mitos em relação ao teor de ferro de alimentos. CONCLUSÕES: a intenção de oferecer alimentos à criança em idade inferior ao sexto mês de vida foi freqüente. Reafirma-se a importância de se discutir a transição alimentar infantil durante a assistência prestada à mulher.
Dental caries in children that participated in a dental program providing mother and child care
Authors: Moura Lúcia de Fátima Almeida de Deus , Moura Marcoeli Silva de , Toledo Orlando Ayrton de
Published: August 2006

The main goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of caries in children that participate in a dental program attending mothers and children in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. A selection was made of 343 children of both genders, from 3 to 6 years of age. The mothers answered questionnaires and children were examined at the Infant Dental Clinic of the Federal University of Piauí. The epidemiological index dmft was applied and active white spot lesions were included. The SPSS for Windows program, version 11.1 was used and non-parametric tests carried out (Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis). An alpha error of 5% (0.05) was considered for the null hypothesis of false rejection, with a confidence interval of 95%. The results showed that 57.5% (197) of the children were breast-fed for a period longer than 12 months. The mean dmft index and percentages of caries-free children at the age of 3 was 1.86 (58.82%); at 4 years of age 1.94 (57.60%); at 5 years of age 1.98 (56.86%) and at 6 years of age 2.42 (42.55%). The decay component (d) was prevalent at all ages. When active white spot lesions were added to the dmft index, there was an increase of 7.2% for children who had caries activity and/or previous caries experience and 2.61% for those with dmft equal to zero. The daily consumption of fermentable carbohydrates and free demand breast-feeding were factors increasing caries activity. Dental follow-up after the program and the number of daily brushings were shown to be factors providing protection against caries . Based on the results, the authors were able to conclude that the program caused a positive impact on caries disease control, as the number of dental appointments kept influenced the dmft index values in a statistically significant manner.
Cell specificity of the cytoplasmic Ca2+ response to tolbutamide is impaired in β-cells from hyperglycemic mice
Authors: Gustavsson Natalia , Larsson-Nyrén Gerd , Lindström Per
Published: August 2006

We recently reported that the timing and magnitude of the nutrient-induced Ca2+ response are specific and reproducible for each isolated β-cell. We have now used tolbutamide and arginine to test if the cell specificity exists also for the response to non-nutrient stimulation of β-cells and if so, whether it is disturbed in β-cells from hyperglycemic ob/ob and db/db mice. Zn2+ outflow measurements were used to study the correlation between Ca2+ response and insulin secretion in individual β-cells. Tolbutamide and arginine induced cell-specific Ca2+ responses in lean mouse β-cells both with regard to lag times for [Ca2+]i rise and peak [Ca2+]i heights. β-Cells within intact islets also showed cell-specific timing of their Ca2+ responses to tolbutamide. However, in tolbutamide- and arginine-stimulated single β-cells from ob/ob and db/db mice only the magnitude of Ca2+ response was cell-specific, not the timing. The lag time of tolbutamide-induced insulin secretion was cell-specific in lean mouse β-cells but not in ob/ob mouse cells. Therefore, cell specificity seems to be a robust mechanism, and probably important for an adequate β-cell function. The loss of temporal cell specificity for the response to tolbutamide in single β-cells from hyperglycemic mice may be a sign of KATP- or voltage-dependent calcium channel dysfunction.
Development of bitumen-bound waste aggregate building blocks
Authors: Forth J. P. , Zoorob S. E. , Thanaya I. N. A.
Published: August 2006

The paper describes the optimisation of several mixes for the development of a new range of construction units (Bitublock) composed entirely of recycled and waste aggregates. The development of this new range of building units is driven by the issue of sustainability, both nationally and globally, and this complete replacement of traditional aggregates is possible because Bitublock uses bitumen as the binder. Five main waste materials are considered in this optimisation: crushed glass, pulverised fuel ash (PFA), incinerated bottom ash (IBA), incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) and steel slag. In addition two types of bitumen were also considered: 50 penetration bitumen and harder H 80/90 bitumen. Several properties of the Bitublock were measured to assess their performance in relation to concrete block masonry products found in the UK. These were: shape, density, water absorption, compressive strength, elastic modulus and time-dependent properties. It is shown that all these properties are dependent on the types of aggregate and the binder used, as well as on the compaction pressure and the curing regime. It is clear that Bitublock can be produced with properties that are at least equivalent to those of current concrete block masonry units. The long-term stability of Bitublock is significant in terms of construction, because its use could negate the need for—or at least reduce the frequency of—required movement joints in masonry.
Briefing: Gypsum: prospects for recycling
Authors: Claisse P. A. , Ganjian E.
Published: August 2006

The term gypsum is used to refer to three main compounds of calcium sulphate: anhydrite, hemihydrate and dihydrate; but it is most often used for the dihydrate. The two main industrial uses of these compounds are in cement and in plaster products. Cement producers use a blend of gypsum and anhydrite as a set controller. Plaster is made with hemihydrate. This material is used both for bagged plaster and also to feed the plasterboard production lines. The materials are available from both primary and secondary sources. Waste plasterboard is an increasingly important secondary source but there are a number of problems which limit the proportion of this material that can be used in plasterboard production. Research is therefore in progress to find other uses for it, such as low-strength concrete mixes.