bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[Retracted] Impact of Sports Wearable Testing Equipment Based on Vision Sensors on the Sports Industry
Authors: Chen Longqiang , Yang Shaoxiong
Published: November 2021

Sports wearable monitoring equipment is an intelligent device that collects many physiological signals of the human body through multiple sensors. It has a very active role in promoting data testing in the field of sports. This article is aimed at studying the impact of sports wearable detection devices based on vision sensors on the sports industry and at proposing effective strategies for the development of sports wearable devices in the sports industry. This paper proposes an azimuth integration algorithm based on wearable sensor data. This goal establishes a new feature based on azimuth angle information for a reliable human behavior recognition system based on acceleration data. Based on summarizing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of existing azimuth conversion algorithms, this paper develops an azimuth code conversion algorithm based on the combination of additional processing and Kalman processing to explore the impact of wearable devices on the sports industry. The experimental results of this article show that in the current sports industry, more than 19.74 million sports wearable testing devices have been put into use normally, which also means that the industry is about to enter a significant stage of development.
NSGA-II-Based Granularity-Adaptive Control-Flow Attestation
Authors: Zhan Jing , Li Yongzhen , Liu Yifan , Li Hongchao , Zhang Shuai , Lin Li
Published: November 2021

Since the widespread adoption of edge computing and IoT technology, Control-Flow Hijacking (CFH) attacks targeting programs in resource-constrained embedded devices have become prevalent. While the Coarse-Grained Control-Flow integrity Attestation (CGCFA) lacks accuracy for the CFH attacks detection, the Fine-Grained Control-Flow integrity Attestation (FGCFA) detect the attacks more accurately but with high overheads, which can be a big burden (e.g., to industrial control system with strict performance requirements). In this paper, we propose a NSGA-II (Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II) based Granularity-Adaptive Control-Flow Attestation (GACFA) for the programs in embedded devices. Specifically, we propose a Granularity-Adaptive Control-Flow representation model to reduce the complexity of programs’ control-flow graph and propose NSGA-II-based granularity-adaptive strategy generation algorithm to balance the security and performance requirements. Besides, runtime protection for the GACFA at the program end with SGX is proposed to protect the integrity and confidentiality of control-flow measurement data. The experiments show that our work can find out the best-so-far control-flow granularity with stability and provide secure program attestation for the verifier. In addition, the security/performance benefit of adopting our proposal over CGCFA is 13.7, 25.1, and 43.0 times that of adopting FGCFA over ours in different threat scenarios.
The Influence of ACE Insertion/Deletion Gene Polymorphism on the Risk of IgA Nephropathy: A Debatable Topic
Authors: Chu Fen-Fen , Yang Shi-Kun , Zeng Wen-Li
Published: November 2021

Background. The connection between angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) gene polymorphisms and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) was conflicting. This pooled analysis was performed to explore this issue. Methods. All eligible investigations were identified from various electronic databases, and the pooled analysis was evaluated using Stata software. Results. 27 studies with 2538 IgAN cases and 3592 controls were included. In overall subjects, ACE D allele, DD, and II genotype were associated with IgAN susceptibility (D vs. I: OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.10–1.32,

P
<
0.001

; DD vs. ID + II: OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.20–1.60,

P
<
0.001

; and II vs. DD + ID: OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73–0.95,

P
=
0.007

). In Asian and Chinese patients, ACE I/D gene polymorphism was also correlated with IgAN vulnerability. Moreover, ACE D allele, DD, and II genotype were correlated with the progression of IgAN (D vs. I: OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.09–1.73,

P
=
0.008

; DD vs. ID + II: OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.06–2.31,

P
=
0.024

; and II vs. DD + ID: OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.49–0.99,

P
=
0.045

). Conversely, in Caucasian subjects, there was no link between ACE I/D gene polymorphism and the risk of IgAN. Conclusion. ACE I/D gene polymorphism was correlated with the vulnerability and progression of IgAN in Asian and Chinese patients, and ACE D allele and DD homozygote genotype could be adverse factors for IgAN, while the II homozygote genotype could be an advantage factor. But, no significant association was found between ACE I/D gene polymorphism and IgAN in Caucasians.
Research and Analysis of Brain Glioma Imaging Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Luo Tao , Li YaLing
Published: November 2021

The incidence of glioma is increasing year by year, seriously endangering people’s health. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can effectively provide intracranial images of brain tumors and provide strong support for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Accurate segmentation of brain glioma has positive significance in medicine. However, due to the strong variability of the size, shape, and location of glioma and the large differences between different cases, the recognition and segmentation of glioma images are very difficult. Traditional methods are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and inefficient, and single-modal MRI images cannot provide comprehensive information about gliomas. Therefore, it is necessary to synthesize multimodal MRI images to identify and segment glioma MRI images. This work is based on multimodal MRI images and based on deep learning technology to achieve automatic and efficient segmentation of gliomas. The main tasks are as follows. A deep learning model based on dense blocks of holes, 3D U-Net, is proposed. It can automatically segment multimodal MRI glioma images. U-Net network is often used in image segmentation and has good performance. However, due to the strong specificity of glioma, the U-Net model cannot effectively obtain more details. Therefore, the 3D U-Net model proposed in this paper can integrate hollow convolution and densely connected blocks. In addition, this paper also combines classification loss and cross-entropy loss as the loss function of the network to improve the problem of category imbalance in glioma image segmentation tasks. The algorithm proposed in this paper has been used to perform a lot of experiments on the BraTS2018 dataset, and the results prove that this model has good segmentation performance.
Clinical Study of Acupotomy for Knee Osteoarthritis Based on the Meridian-Sinew Theory: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Hua Zhijuan , Deng Han , Tang Huang , Ruan Zhizhong , Wang Pei , Zhang Min , Ma Hui , Wang Ping , Dong Can , Huang Zhilan , Hong Hanqing , Zhou Quan , Zhou He , Cheng Changcheng , Lin Wanqi , Zhang Cairong , Chen Dechun
Published: November 2021

This study was performed to compare the effectiveness of acupotomy based on the meridian-sinew theory with acupotomy based on the anatomical theory in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). A total of 124 patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomized into the meridian-sinew (MS) group (63 patients) and anatomy group (61 patients). In the MS group, acupotomy based on the meridian-sinew theory was performed. In the anatomy group, acupotomy based on anatomy was applied. Patients were subgrouped by TCM Constitutions. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index and visual analog scale (VAS) were used to evaluate treatment effectiveness. The results showed that VAS (F = 22.61,

p
<
0.01

) and WOMAC (F = 24.84,

p
<
0.01

) scores declined with time, and there was no significant difference between the two groups nor subgroups (Yang deficiency subgroup, Yin-Yang harmony subgroup, and the subgroup of the others). A total of 5 patients reported 6 cases of the minor adverse effect, and all patients achieved complete recovery without medical intervention. This study indicates that the effectiveness and safety of acupotomy based on the meridian-sinew theory are equivalent to that of acupotomy based on anatomy in KOA treatment.
Attentive 3D‐Ghost Module for Dynamic Hand Gesture Recognition with Positive Knowledge Transfer
Authors: Li Jinghua , Liu Runze , Kong Dehui , Wang Shaofan , Wang Lichun , Yin Baocai , Gao Ronghua
Published: November 2021

Hand gesture recognition is a challenging topic in the field of computer vision. Multimodal hand gesture recognition based on RGB‐D is with higher accuracy than that of only RGB or depth. It is not difficult to conclude that the gain originates from the complementary information existing in the two modalities. However, in reality, multimodal data are not always easy to acquire simultaneously, while unimodal RGB or depth hand gesture data are more general. Therefore, one hand gesture system is expected, in which only unimordal RGB or Depth data is supported for testing, while multimodal RGB‐D data is available for training so as to attain the complementary information. Fortunately, a kind of method via multimodal training and unimodal testing has been proposed. However, unimodal feature representation and cross‐modality transfer still need to be further improved. To this end, this paper proposes a new 3D‐Ghost and Spatial Attention Inflated 3D ConvNet (3DGSAI) to extract high‐quality features for each modality. The baseline of 3DGSAI network is Inflated 3D ConvNet (I3D), and two main improvements are proposed. One is 3D‐Ghost module, and the other is the spatial attention mechanism. The 3D‐Ghost module can extract richer features for hand gesture representation, and the spatial attention mechanism makes the network pay more attention to hand region. This paper also proposes an adaptive parameter for positive knowledge transfer, which ensures that the transfer always occurs from the strong modality network to the weak one. Extensive experiments on SKIG, VIVA, and NVGesture datasets demonstrate that our method is competitive with the state of the art. Especially, the performance of our method reaches 97.87% on the SKIG dataset using only RGB, which is the current best result.
Preparation of Hierarchical Structure Au/ZnO Composite for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance: Characterization, Effects of Reaction Parameters, and Oxidizing Agent Investigations
Authors: Vu Anh-Tuan , Pham Thi Anh Tuyet , Do Xuan Truong , Tran Van Anh , Le Van Duong , Truong Duc Duc , Nguyen The Huu , Nguyen Minh Viet
Published: November 2021

Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been shown as a potential photocatalyst under ultraviolet (UV) light but its catalytic activity has a limitation under visible (Vis) light due to the wide bandgap energy and the rapid recombination of electrons and holes. Thus, hierarchical structure Au/ZnO composites were fabricated by the hydrothermal method and chemical reduction method for enhanced photocatalytic performance under visible light. As-prepared composites were characterized by UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DR/UV-Vis), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The Au/ZnO-5 composite showed the highest adsorption among as-prepared samples in the range of 250-550 nm, having bandgap energy of 0.13 eV. Au nanoparticles of about 3-5 nm were well dispersed on hierarchical flower ZnO with approximately 10-15  μm. The EPR signal at [Formula: see text] on both ZnO and Au/ZnO samples was attributed to oxygen vacancy Vo•, but the presence of Au led to a decrease in signal strength of Au/ZnO composite, showing the degradation efficiency (DE) and reaction rate of 99.2% and 0.109 min-1, respectively; these were larger than those of other samples. The effects of reaction parameters and oxidizing agents on photocatalytic performance were investigated and showed that the presence of H2O2 and O2 could improve the reaction of composite. In addition, the kinetic and photocatalytic mechanism of tartrazine (TA) on catalysts were studied by the first-order kinetic model and characterized analyses.
Antioxidative Reactivity of L-Ascorbic Acid and D-Isoascorbic Acid Species towards Reduction of Hexachloroiridate (IV)
Authors: Zhang Han , Xia Yanqing , Zhang Peng , Hou Liqian , Sun Ying , Lu Zhaozhan , Tang Yunfeng , Tian Hongwu , Shi Tiesheng
Published: November 2021

The pair [IrCl6]2–/[IrCl6]3– has been demonstrated to be a good redox probe in biological systems while L-ascorbic acid (AA) is one of the most important antioxidants. D-isoascorbic acid (IAA) is an epimer of AA and is widely used as an antioxidant in various foods, beverages, meat, and fisher products. Reductions of [IrCl6]2– by AA and IAA have been analyzed kinetically and mechanistically in this work. The reductions strictly follow overall second-order kinetics and the observed second-order rate constants were collected in the pH region of 0 ≤ pH ≤ 2.33 at 25.0°C. Spectrophotometric titration experiments revealed a well-defined 1 : 2 stoichiometry, namely Δ[AA] : Δ[Ir(IV)] or Δ[IAA] : Δ[Ir(IV)] = 1 : 2, indicating that L-dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and D-dehydroisoascorbic acid (DHIA) were the oxidation products of AA and IAA, respectively. A reaction mechanism is suggested involving parallel reactions of [IrCl6]2– with three protolysis species of AA/IAA (fully protonated, monoanionic, and dianionic forms) as the rate-determining steps and formation of ascorbic/isoascorbic and ascorbate/isoascorbate radicals; in each of the steps, [IrCl6]2– acquires an electron via an outer-sphere electron transfer mode. Rate constants of the rate-determining steps have been derived or estimated. The fully protonated forms of AA and IAA display virtually identical reactivity whereas ascorbate and isoascorbate monoanions have a significant reactivity difference. The ascorbate and isoascorbate dianions are extremely reactive and their reactions with [IrCl6]2– proceed with the diffusion-controlled rate. The species versus pH and the species reactivity versus pH distribution diagrams were constructed endowing that the ascorbate/isoascorbate monoanionic form dominated the total reactivity at physiological pH. In addition, the value of pKa1 = 3.74 ± 0.05 for IAA at 25.0°C and 1.0 M ionic strength was determined in this work.
Development and Validation of a Robust Pyroptosis-Related Signature for Predicting Prognosis and Immune Status in Patients with Colon Cancer
Authors: Zhuang Zhicheng , Cai Huajun , Lin Hexin , Guan Bingjie , Wu Yong , Zhang Yiyi , Liu Xing , Zhuang Jinfu , Guan Guoxian
Published: November 2021

Background. Pyroptosis has been confirmed as a type of inflammatory programmed cell death in recent years. However, the prognostic role of pyroptosis in colon cancer (CC) remains unclear. Methods. Dataset TCGA-COAD which came from the TCGA portal was taken as the training cohort. GSE17538 from the GEO database was treated as validation cohorts. Differential expression genes (DEGs) between normal and tumor tissues were confirmed. Patients were classified into two subgroups according to the expression characteristics of pyroptosis-related DEGs. The LASSO regression analysis was used to build the best prognostic signature, and its reliability was validated using Kaplan–Meier, ROC, PCA, and t-SNE analyses. And a nomogram based on the multivariate Cox analysis was developed. The enrichment analysis was performed in the GO and KEGG to investigate the potential mechanism. In addition, we explored the difference in the abundance of infiltrating immune cells and immune microenvironment between high- and low-risk groups. And we also predicted the association of common immune checkpoints with risk scores. Finally, we verified the expression of the pyroptosis-related hub gene at the protein level by immunohistochemistry. Results. A total of 23 pyroptosis-related DEGs were identified in the TCGA cohort. Patients were classified into two molecular clusters (MC) based on DEGs. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated that patients with MC1 represented significantly poorer OS than patients with MC2. 13 overall survival- (OS-) related DEGs in MCs were used to construct the prognostic signature. Patients in the high-risk group exhibited poorer OS compared to those in the low-risk group. Combined with the clinical features, the risk score was found to be an independent prognostic factor of CC patients. The above results are verified in the external dataset GSE17538. A nomogram was established and showed excellent performance. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that the varied prognostic performance between high- and low-risk groups may be related to the immune response mediated by local inflammation. Further analysis showed that the high-risk group has stronger immune cell infiltration and lower tumor purity than the low-risk group. Through the correlation between risk score and immune checkpoint expression, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3) was predicted as a potential therapeutic target for the high-risk group. Conclusion. The 13-gene signature was associated with OS, immune cells, tumor purity, and immune checkpoints in CC patients, and it could provide the basis for immunotherapy and predicting prognosis and help clinicians make decisions for individualized treatment.
Online Education and Wireless Network Coordination of Electronic Music Creation and Performance under Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Xu Ning , Zhao Yuanyuan
Published: November 2021

This paper is aimed at studying the online education and wireless network collaboration on electronic music creation and performance under artificial intelligence (AI). This paper uses a fuzzy clustering algorithm (FCA), designs the sensor network‐related equipment, and uses AI to design an electronic music creation system. The analysis of simulation experiments suggests that under the premise of increasing the number of neighbors, the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Squared Error (MSE) of collaborative filtering and fuzzy C‐means clustering algorithms show a downward trend. However, with the same number of neighbors, the filtering matching algorithm is greater than FCA regarding the mean values of MAE and MSE. Meanwhile, on the electronic music performance system of AI, the digital module is designed and the sound data are imaged on the oscilloscope, and the collaboration of electronic music online education and wireless network is completed. The following conclusion is drawn: modularizing the creative mode of intelligent electronic music has achieved higher computational efficiency. Through the oscilloscope, the sound feature is converted into the image structure, and the corresponding sound and image mode is formed, which realizes the purpose of online electronic music intelligent matching and optimizes the effect of online education. In the AI environment, the matching degree of verification electronic music curriculum resources is better than traditional matching algorithms, and the accuracy is higher.
Effects of the Interfacial Bonding Behavior on the Mechanical Properties of E-Glass Fiber/Nanographite Reinforced Hybrid Composites
Authors: Saravanan N. , Yamunadevi V. , Mohanavel V. , Chinnaiyan V. Kumar , Bharani Murugesan , Ganeshan P. , Raja K. , Karthick Alagar
Published: November 2021

The nanoparticles are incorporated into the composite to mark their unique properties. This work investigates the hybrid epoxy nanocomposite and the impact of nanographite reinforcement. The composite was prepared by using a mechanical stirring technique. The amount of nanographite was added in different volumes, i.e., 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt.%. Results of mechanical and dynamic loading properties were analyzed in accordance to the quantity of nano-G. The fiber and matrix interfacial bonding enrichments were evident in high-resolution SEM images-tensile fracture surface. Finally, the optimum content of nanoparticle which impacts the sample greatly was found to be 1.5 wt.%.
Anti-Factor H Antibodies in Egyptian Children with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Shawky Shereen , Safouh Hesham , Gamal Mona , Abbas Mohammed M. , Aboul-Enein Azza , Sawai Toshihiro , Fahmy Yosra , Selim Heba
Published: November 2021

Background. Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is an important cause of acute kidney injury in children. It is primarily caused by dysregulation of the complement alternative pathway due to genetic mutations, mainly in complement factor H genes, or due to anti-factor H autoantibodies (anti-FH), leading to uncontrolled overactivation of the complement system. Early diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune HUS (AI-HUS) is essential and leads to a favorable outcome. Methods. Fifty pediatric HUS patients and 50 age- and sex-matched controls were included in the study. Patients were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination, and laboratory testing. All candidates were subjected to an assessment of anti-FH in serum by a homemade enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Results. A high frequency of serum anti-FH was detected in our aHUS patients. The disease onset of AI-HUS was mainly observed in March and April, with significantly higher rates in school-aged males. All patients who started immunosuppressives early together with plasmapheresis upon detection of their anti-FH had complete renal function recovery. Conclusion. The high frequency of AI-HUS revealed in Egyptian HUS children in our study highlights the importance of implementing anti-FH testing in Egypt to provide early recognition for immediate proper management, including early immunosuppressive therapy, and hence improving patient outcomes.
Numerical Study on Rod Thrust Vector Control for Physical Applications
Authors: Li Dong , Wu Kexin
Published: November 2021

Mechanical thrust vector control is a classical and significant branch in the thrust vector control field, offering an extremely reliable control effect. In this article, steady-state and unsteady-state aerodynamic characteristics of the rod thrust vector control technology are numerically investigated in a two-dimensional supersonic nozzle. Complex flow phenomena caused by the penetrating rod in the diverging part of the supersonic nozzle are elucidated with the purpose of a profound understanding of this simple flow control technique for physical applications. Published experimental data are used to validate the dependability of current computational fluid dynamics results. A grid sensitivity study is carried through and analyzed. The result section discusses the impacts of two important factors on steady-state aerodynamic features, involving the rod penetration height and the rod location. Furthermore, unsteady-state flow features are analyzed under various rod penetration heights for the first time. Significant vectoring performance variations and flow topology descriptions are illuminated in full detail. While the rod penetration height increases, the vectoring angle increases, whereas the thrust coefficient decreases. As the rod location moves downstream close to the nozzle exit, the vectoring angle and thrust coefficient increase. In terms of unsteady-state aerodynamic effects, certain pressure oscillations occur upstream of the rod, which resulted from the expanding and shrinking of the upstream anticlockwise separation bubbles.
An Evaluation Model for the Teaching Reform of the Physical Education Industry
Authors: Sun Yuwei , Jiang Miaomiao
Published: November 2021

In order to promote the development of sports industry teaching and accurately evaluate the teaching reform of sports industry, this paper constructs an evaluation model based on the teaching reform of sports industry. In addition, the k-means method is used to classify the teaching effect and simplify the data collection process, so as to improve the accuracy of teaching reform evaluation. The sample data come from the data released by the sports department and the government from 2017 to 2020, as well as the actual survey. The 26 evaluation indexes were determined by expert survey, questionnaire interview, and relevant domestic literature. In addition, the Euclidean distance in K-means method is used to calculate the weight of each index, and the results of the evaluation model are analyzed. The results show that the evaluation accuracy of the sports industry teaching reform model proposed in this paper is 98.4% and the error is 1.3%. The evaluation result is better than the previous ant colony model and is suitable for the evaluation of sports teaching reform.
Analysis of the Business Model of C2B Cross-Border E-Commerce Platform Based on Deep Learning
Authors: He Jun
Published: November 2021

Based on the rapid popularity of the Internet, business can circulate in a wider range of fields. E-commerce integrates traditional offline business resources with a brand-new model, so that products can be sold to consumers everywhere. As a new business model that has emerged in recent years, cross-border EC has largely solved the problem of asymmetry in import and export trade information. This paper studies the business model analysis of C2B cross-border EC platforms based on deep learning. First, it has general understanding of related theories, then uses the deep learning model to analyze the business models of cross-border EC, and finally analyzes the results. It is concluded that when the user loyalty is 0.65, the key variables are constantly increasing. Among them, the trends of active users and costs are similar, and the trends of orders and revenue are similar.
Research on Urban Renewal Public Space Design Based on Convolutional Neural Network Model
Authors: Wan Jixin , Shi Huosai
Published: November 2021

By establishing a database of urban space cases, machine learning algorithms and deep learning algorithms can be used to train computers to learn how to design urban spaces. Based on the basic concepts of machine learning and deep learning and their procedural logic, this paper explores the generation mode of traffic road network, neighborhood space form, and building function layout of urban space and uses the northern extension of the central green axis of the city as an application case to confirm its feasibility in order to seek a set of artificial intelligence-based urban space generation design method and provide a new idea for the innovative development of urban design methods.
Design of a Disturbance Rejection Controller for a Class of Nonholonomic Systems with Uncertainties
Authors: Cao Dianguo , Chen Jiaqian
Published: November 2021

This study investigates the global output feedback stabilization problem for one type of the nonholonomic system with nonvanishing external disturbances. An extended state observer (ESO) is constructed in order to estimate the external disturbance and unmeasurable system states, in which the external disturbance term is seen as a general state. Thus, a new generalized error dynamic system is obtained. Accordingly, a disturbance rejection controller is designed by making use of the backstepping technique. A control law is given to ensure that all the signals in the closed-loop system are globally bounded, while the system states converge to an equilibrium point. The simulation example is proposed to verify that the control algorithm is effective.
Earth-Skimming Ultrahigh Energy Tau Neutrinos Simulated with Monte Carlo Method and CONEX Code
Authors: Boussaha Bouzid , Bitam Tariq
Published: November 2021

This paper is aimed at studying the feasibility of building an Earth-skimming cosmic tau neutrinos detector, with the aim of eventually identifying the ideal dimensions of a natural site mountain-valley for the detection of very high energy neutrinos tau range from

1

0

16

eV

to

1

0

20

eV

, as well as possibly locate one such site in Algeria. First, a Monte Carlo simulation of the neutrino-[mountain] matter interaction as well as the resulting decay of the tau lepton is conducted to determine the optimal dimensions of the mountain as well as the location of the tau decay in the valley. Second, a CORSIKA (COsmic Ray Simulation for KAscade) simulation with the CONEX option is conducted to track the evolution of the almost horizontal air shower initiated by the tau lepton. Many particles are produced, which are part of the shower components: electrons, muons, gammas, pions, etc. The study of the spatial distribution of these particles enables the discovery of the optimal width of the valley, and consequently, the distance at which to lay the detection network.
The Estonian Mycological Collections of Heinrich August Dietrich (1820–1897)
Authors:   University of Tartu, Pärtel Kadri , Suija Ave ,   University of Tartu, Yatsiuk Iryna ,   University of Tartu
Published: November 2021

Heinrich August Dietrich was a gardener with a deep interest in mycology. He published a two-volume monograph dealing with over 1,000 fungal and fungal-like taxa, the first cryptogamic research of this kind for the Baltic region. Between 1852 and 1857, H. A. Dietrich issued nine volumes of exciccatae named Centuria Plantarum Florae Balticae cryptogamarum. The preserved eight Centuriae and additional collections from Estonia (then the Imperial Russian Baltic province, Estonian Governorate) are revised and their current status in collections is presented. As a result, a new myxomycete species for Estonia, Physarum gyrosum, and the once doubtfully-reported species, Arcyria oerstedii, are recorded, and the earliest vouchers of some endangered ascomycetes, such as Poronia punctata and Sabuloglossum arenarium, are identified in his material. The most remarkable findings among lichenized fungi are Alectoria sarmentosa, Dibaeis baeomyces, Flavoparmelia caperata, Lasallia pustulata, Nephroma laevigatum, Peltigera venosa and Ramalina calicaris, as well as the oldest Estonian specimen of Lobaria pulmonaria.
Enhanced Expression and Function of Renal SGLT2 (Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2) in Heart Failure: Role of Renal Nerves
Authors: Katsurada Kenichi , Nandi Shyam S. , Sharma Neeru M. , Patel Kaushik P.
Published: November 2021

Background:

Recent clinical studies demonstrate that SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors ameliorate heart failure (HF). The present study was conducted to assess the expression and function of renal SGLT2 and the influence of enhanced renal sympathetic tone in HF.

Methods:

Four weeks after coronary artery ligation surgery to induce HF, surgical bilateral renal denervation (RDN) was performed in rats. Four groups of rats (Sham-operated control [Sham], Sham+RDN, HF and HF+RDN; n=6/group) were used. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were performed to evaluate the renal SGLT2 expression. One week after RDN (5 weeks after induction of HF), intravenous injection of SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin were performed to assess renal excretory responses. In vitro, human embryonic kidney cells were used to investigate the fractionation of SGLT2 after norepinephrine treatment.

Results:

In rats with HF, (1) SGLT2 expression in the proximal tubule of the kidney was increased; (2) the response of increases in urine flow, sodium excretion, and glucose excretion to dapagliflozin were greater; and (3) RDN attenuated renal SGLT2 expression and normalized renal functional responses to dapagliflozin. In vitro, norepinephrine promoted translocation of SGLT2 to the cell membrane.

Conclusions:

These results indicate that the enhanced tonic renal sympathetic nerve activation in HF increases the expression and functional activity of renal SGLT2. Potentiated trafficking of SGLT2 to cell surface in renal proximal tubules mediated by norepinephrine may contribute to this functional activation of SGLT2 in HF. These findings provide critical insight into the underlying mechanisms for the beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on HF reported in the clinical studies.
Effect of Deferoxamine on Outcome According to Baseline Hematoma Volume: A Post Hoc Analysis of the i-DEF Trial
Authors: Wei Chenchen , Wang Jeffrey , Foster Lydia D. , Yeatts Sharon D. , Moy Claudia , Mocco J , Selim Magdy , Palesch Yuko , Griffin Jessica , Perlmutter Aaron , Norton Casey , Dillon Catherine , Thornhill Andre , Greenberg Steven , Morgenstern Lewis , Hanley Daniel , Xi Guohua , Bleck Thomas P , Balk Robert , Palesch Yuko , Griffin Jessica , Thornhill Andre , Perlmutter Aaron , Dillon Catherine , Zhao Wenle , Kim Jaemyung , Kumar Sandeep , Norton Casey , Farinella Megan , Siwila-Sackman Erica , Feigert Caroline , Schlaug Gottfried , Wang Jasmine , Wright Clinton , Janis Scott , Gilbert Peter , Kase Carlos S , Carson Shannon , Flaherty Matthew , Kessler Craig M , McClure Leslie A , Bannon Donna , Broderick Joseph , Dill Amy
Published: November 2021

Background:

Hematoma volume (HV) is a powerful determinant of outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage. We examined whether the effect of the iron chelator, deferoxamine, on functional outcome varied depending on HV in the i-DEF trial (Intracerebral Hemorrhage Deferoxamine).

Methods:

A post hoc analysis of the i-DEF trial; participants were classified according to baseline HV (small <10 mL, moderate 10–30 mL, and large >30 mL). Favorable outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2 at day-180; secondarily at day-90. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the differential treatment effect according to HV.

Results:

Two hundred ninety-one subjects were included in the as-treated analysis; 121 with small, 114 moderate, and 56 large HV. Day-180 modified Rankin Scale scores were available for 270/291 subjects (111 with small, 105 moderate, and 54 large HV). There was a differential effect of treatment according to HV on day-180 outcomes (
P
-for-interaction =0.0077); 50% (27/54) of deferoxamine-treated patients with moderate HV had favorable outcome compared with 25.5% (13/51) of placebo-treated subjects (adjusted odds ratio, 2.7 [95% CI, 1.13–6.27];
P
=0.0258). Treatment effect was not significant for small (adjusted odds ratio, 1.37 [95% CI, 0.62–3.02]) or large (adjusted odds ratio, 0.12 [95% CI, 0.01–1.05]) HV. Results for day-90 outcomes were comparable (
P
-for-interaction =0.0617). Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results.

Conclusions:

Among patients with moderate HV, a greater proportion of deferoxamine- than placebo-treated patients achieved modified Rankin Scale score 0–2. The treatment effect was not significant for small or large HVs. These findings have important trial design and therapeutic implications.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02175225.
The Populist Revolt against the West
Authors: Schroeder Ralph
Published: November 2021

The question this article tries to answer is: to what extent can the recent rise of populism outside of the West be attributed to anti-Western sentiment? Interest in populism has focused on Western democracies, with far less attention devoted to regimes in non-Western parts of the world. This article takes three major cases – India, China, and Turkey. The article examines the recent intensification of populism in the three cases, but also shows how populism fits into the longer comparative-historical trajectories of a revolt against Western domination. The conclusion puts populism in a wider perspective: how do these non-Western assertions of populism shed light on debates about alternative paths within modernity and on the nature of populism in Western democracies?
Surgical Resection of Gastro-Pleural-Bronchial Fistula after Prolonged Endoscopic Treatments
Authors: Nelson Cannon , Suijka Joseph , DuCoin Christopher
Published: November 2021

Sleeve gastrectomy is the most commonly performed bariatric surgery in the United States. While complication rates are typically low, some studies have reported leaks in up to 2.4-5.3% of cases. Here, we examine such a case with subsequent failure of numerous endoscopic interventions ultimately necessitating formal resection of a gastro-Pleural-bronchial fistula.
A Simple Model to Predict Repeat Revascularization After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Dai Chunfeng , Yao Zhifeng , Chen Zhangwei , Qian Juying , Ge Junbo
Published: November 2021

Repeat revascularization is still common in the era of drug-eluting stents (DES), especially for non-target lesions. However, few validated models exist to predict the need for revascularization. We aimed to develop and validate an easy-to-use predictive model for repeat revascularization after DES implantation in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of 1,653 stable CAD patients with angiographic follow-up after DES implantation were consecutively enrolled. Split-sample testing was adopted to develop and validate the model. In the training set, male, diabetes, number of target lesions, occlusion lesion, number of non-target lesions, recurrent angina, suboptimal low density lipoprotein-cholesterol level, and high lipoprotein (a) level were independent predictors of repeat revascularization using logistic regression analyses. The established model (Model 1) yielded a bias-corrected concordance index of 0.700 (95% confidence interval: 0.667 to 0.735), with good calibration. It also performed well in the validation set. Compared with the traditional empirical model only including recurrent angina (Model 2), Model 1 had better discriminative ability and clinical usefulness. In conclusion, we established and validated a simple model including 8 easily accessible variables to predict repeat revascularization after DES implantation in stable CAD patients, contributing to better risk stratification, decision making, and patient consultation.
Cultural Health Beliefs and Practices Among Hispanic Parents
Authors: Fowler Alison L. , Mann Megan E. , Martinez Francisco J. , Yeh Hung-Wen , Cowden John D.
Published: November 2021

Parents’ beliefs about and approaches to their child’s health vary with culture and change within cultures over time. To provide an updated understanding of folk and traditional medicine (FTM) among Hispanic parents in the United States, we surveyed 200 caregivers identifying their child as Hispanic in a pediatric primary care clinic about their cultural health beliefs and practices. Overall, 84% of participants believed in ≥1 folk illness, with foreign-born participants more likely than US-born to endorse folk illness beliefs. Eighty-three percent had used cultural remedies for their children. Of those, although just 15% had discussed such practices with their child’s provider, 86% would feel comfortable doing so. No demographic factors predicted use of cultural remedies/healers or comfort talking to providers. Beliefs and practices related to FTM are prevalent among Hispanic parents and cannot be predicted using demographics; providers should routinely ask all families about FTM.
An Unexpected Finding of Hepatosplenomegaly in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Barootes Hailey C. , Prasad Chitra , Rupar C. Anthony , Ashok Dhandapani
Published: November 2021

Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder. It is characterized by a deficiency of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase, which results in the accumulation of glycosphingolipid substrates, primarily glucosylceramide, in the phagocyte system. In GD Type 1, the liver, spleen, and bone marrow are typically affected. We report the case of a 7-year-old female with GD Type 1 who presented with hepatosplenomegaly detected incidentally following a motor vehicle accident. She was found to have concomitant thrombocytopenia and Erlenmeyer flask deformities of her lower limbs. Diagnosis was made on the basis of very low leukocyte β-glucocerebrosidase activity and elevated plasma chitotriosidase. DNA mutation studies revealed both c.1226A>G and c.116_1505 deletion (exons 3-11). The patient is currently managed with biweekly intravenous imiglucerase (Cerezyme) replacement therapy. She demonstrated resolution of thrombocytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly at 2-year follow-up. Physicians must consider this rare diagnosis in children presenting with hepatosplenomegaly to prompt timely management.
Factors Associated With Hospitalization in Children and Adolescents With SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Chao Jerry Y. , Sugarman Ariel , Kimura Atsumi , Flamer Steven , Jing Tina T. , Fernandes Danielle M. , Khine Hnin , Shinnar Shlomo , Lo Yungtai , Cabana Michael D.
Published: November 2021

In this retrospective study of 319 children with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, we assessed whether age, asthma, obesity, diabetes, and socioeconomic status were associated with hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed using univariate statistics, excluding incidental or unrelated positives. There was a bimodal distribution of age among hospitalized children. Obesity ( P < .001) and a past medical history of diabetes ( P = .001) were significantly more prevalent in hospitalized children, including cases of new-onset diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis. Neither a past medical history of asthma nor lower socioeconomic status was associated with hospitalization. Although limited to a single center, the findings in this study may have important clinical implications. Targeted, proactive health outreach to children with obesity and diabetes, with prioritization of preventative efforts such as vaccination, may be important in preventing worse SARS-CoV-2 infection in this vulnerable group.
Mental health and wellbeing of Indonesian medical students: A regional comparison study
Authors: Kloping Nabila Ananda , Citraningtyas Theresia , Lili Rossalina , Farrell Sarah Marie , Molodynski Andrew
Published: November 2021

Background:

Our previous research found very high levels of burnout and mental health problems among medical students across Indonesia, in line with rates in many other countries. This study further analyses the data by comparing six different regions of Indonesia to determine any differences between them on such measures and to look for possible explanations.

Results:

Our sample of 1,729 students reported high levels of burnout and ‘mild’ psychiatric illness across all six regions. There were however significant differences between some regions. Sumatran students reported the lowest scores for both the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) and General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ12) scales. Sources of stress also varied among regions, with relationships and study the most reported. Further exploration of possible cultural differences is needed as well as prompt mental health support for medical students.
Working and learning from home during COVID-19: International experiences among social work educators and students
Authors: Wallengren-Lynch Michael , Dominelli Lena , Cuadra Carin
Published: November 2021

This research seeks to explore the experiences of social work educators and students working and learning from home. The findings, from an international survey sample of 166 educators and students, showed that the respondents faced issues with private and personal boundaries, felt the impact of working and learning from home on both physical and emotional levels, and experienced challenges to what was expected of them. The respondents primarily used two types of coping mechanisms to manage these challenges. These findings contribute to a broader discussion of the impact of working and learning from home and are relevant for education administrators responsible for their employees’ and students’ well-being.
Diverse neighbors and post-conflict recovery at the village level: Evidence from Iraq after ISIL
Authors: Lyall Lloyd
Published: November 2021

Why do some towns recover faster than others after intrastate conflict? Many important decisions about post-conflict recovery are made at the substate level, but little empirical work has investigated what causes differences in recovery outcomes within a country. This article suggests that proximity to ethno-religiously diverse neighbors slows a town’s post-conflict recovery. A town has ‘diverse neighbors’ if towns with different plurality ethno-religious groups are nearby. This hypothesis is tested by exploring variation in recovery speed among Iraqi towns after the 2014–17 Islamic State insurgency (ISIL). The article constructs 81-month panels of economic activity for 379 Iraqi settlements occupied by ISIL by using satellite-observed nighttime light emissions as a proxy for economic activity. The panels reveal large variation in post-conflict recovery among towns during the first year of peace. Village-level survey data are then used to construct a measure of neighbor diversity, which is combined with lighting-based recovery scores in spatial autoregression. The results show that greater neighbor diversity is robustly associated with slower settlement recovery. The neighbor diversity penalty cannot be fully explained by cleavages between groups ‘on opposite sides’ of the conflict; proximity to out-group neighbors appears to slow recovery even between wartime allies. Several explanations are considered, and this article suggests that the types of post-liberation controllers that arise in diverse areas – which tend to be substate militias rather than the government – may be one important mechanism.
The experience of drowning
Authors: Tipton Michael , Montgomery Hugh
Published: November 2021

Internationally, drowning is a leading cause of accidental death that features in many legal cases. In these cases, possible mitigations and the ‘pain and suffering’ in terms of the duration and subjective experience of drowning are often pivotal in determining levels of compensation and outcome. As a result, there is a requirement to understand the stages of the drowning process, and the duration and physiological and subjective responses associated with each stage. In this short review we focus on these issues.
An intelligent defect detection system for warp-knitted fabric
Authors: Guosheng Xie , Yang Xu , Zhiqi Yu , Yize Sun
Published: November 2021

In textile factories, the most typical warp-knitted fabric defects include point defects, holes, and color differences. Traditional manual inspection methods are inefficient for detecting these defects. Existing intelligent inspection systems often have a single function. Factories require a real-time inspection system that can detect common defects and color difference. The YOLO (you only look once) neural network is faster than the two-stage neural network and has lower hardware requirements. The system’s color difference detection algorithm compares the color difference between the standard image and the image to be measured and records where the color difference value is exceeded. Finally, the comparison of the factory application proves that the designed system has good real-time performance and accuracy and can meet the fabric inspection requirements of warp-knitted fabric factories.