bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement Science Process Skills Using the Guided Inquiry Model Based on the Surrounding Environment of SMPN 5 Ababuan
Authors: Ahsanudin  , Harlis  , Hidayat Saleh
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to describe efforts to improve science process skills on pollution using a guided inquiry model based on the surrounding environment for class VIII students of SMPN 5 Pengabuan, Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency. The subjects of this learning improvement research were 22 class VIII students of SMPN. The research design used is Classroom Action Research. The research was conducted in 2 cycles and 2 cycle meetings, while the stages of each cycle were plan, action, observation, and reflective. Data collection techniques in this study are observation and documentation. Data obtained from observation and documentation were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that there was an increase in science process skills in cycle 1 and obtained an average percentage of science process skills of 67.73% (enough). In cycle 2, the average increase in students' science process skills was obtained with a percentage of 83.64% (Good). Based on the results of the study, It can be concluded that the use of a guided inquiry model based on the surrounding environment for students can improve their science process skills about pollution in Class VIII SMPN 5 Pengabuan, Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency.
Improving Science Learning Outcomes on Vibration and Wave Materials Through Discovery Learning for SMP Negeri 1 Tegalrejo
Authors: Dwi Lestari Wahyu
Published: January 2024

Science learning outcomes, especially vibration and wave material, are not optimal. The enthusiasm of students in participating in learning is less than optimal, which is indicated by the number of students who are less focused, less disciplined, and less active. To improve the science learning outcomes of vibration and wave material, research was conducted using the Discovery Learning model in class VIII D SMP Negeri 1 Tegalrejo, totaling 30 students. This research is a type of classroom action research conducted with two cycles. The method of data analysis of the research results used is descriptive quantitative and descriptive qualitative. From the initial test results of the cycle there were 9 students who completed learning individually with a percentage of learning completeness of 30%. In the first cycle test results, 20 students were declared individually complete with a percentage of learning completeness of 73.33%, while in cycle II the number of students who were individually complete was 26 students with a percentage of learning completeness of 86.67%. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that learning using the Discovery Learning model can improve the learning outcomes of IPA vibration and wave material in students of class VIII D SMP Negeri 1 Tegalrejo.
Formação docente, currículo e políticas do conhecimento na UFSB
Authors: Almeida Araújo Gessé , Silva Queiroz Miqueias
Published: January 2024

O artigo aborda parte dos resultados da pesquisa intitulada “Análise de contextos formativos de professores/as de Artes da educação básica pública de Teixeira de Freitas -BA”, cujo plano de trabalho foi contemplado com cota de bolsa de iniciação científica (UFSB). Parte-se de uma abordagem acerca dos fundamentos da Artes na educação para refletir sobre a formação inicial docente em Artes a partir da experiência curricular da Licenciatura Interdisciplinar em Artes e suas Tecnologias (doravante, LI-Artes), ofertada pelo Instituto de Humanidades, Artes e Ciências da Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia (UFSB), no campusPaulo Freire. A interdisciplinaridade desse itinerário formativo, bem como o seu caráter interepistêmico, apontam para uma possível proposta contra-hegemônica de prática docente em diálogo com saberes não-canônicos em Artes. Assim, analisa-se as percepções de um grupo de estudantes matriculados/as na LI-Artes acerca do Projeto Pedagógico do Curso (2018), suas lacunas, excessos, desafios e perspectivas no preparo e na atuação de Artes/educadores. Para tanto, toma-se o conceito de “política do conhecimento” para pensar a matriz curricular da formação de futuros/as professores e professoras de Artes, tendo como foco a experiência dos/das estudantes do referido curso.
Corpas ocupam frestas ou completudes que somente você pode se permitir sentir
Authors: Magalhães Fernanda
Published: January 2024

O ensaio apresentado aqui traz uma reflexão sobre minhas produções como artista ativista feminista gorda, além de apresentar uma série de trabalhos produzidos a partir de 1993 até 2023. As minhas produções, a partir do ano de 1993, têm seu foco na autorrepresentação abordando minha corpa gorda e expandindo para as outras corpas de mulheres gordas, as mulheres de forma geral e as diversidades. O interesse pelas corpas dissidentes e abjetas, a partir de minha própria experiência no mundo, tomam forma através de séries de imagens e ações que se interconectam umas às outras, produzindo uma cartografia onde os discursos e as práticas pretendem ser ações afirmativas. As linguagens utilizadas nas construções dos trabalhos também se modificam buscando potencializar cada série produzida. São fotografias, colagens, instalações, performances, vídeos, fotoperformances, entre outras. As proposições querem nos levar às reflexões sobre nossas representações sociais contemporâneas e o que elas constroem em nossos imaginários, e, principalmente, pretendem propor novas imagens que descolonizem nossos olhares contaminados por imagens formatadas e largamente divulgadas sobre nossas corpas objetificadas.
Conservation covenants for ecosystem restoration: adapting an old instrument to a new global conservation challenge?
Authors: Richardson Benjamin J. , Brugler Sarah , Fitzsimons James A. , McCormack Phillipa C. , Akhtar-Khavari Afshin
Published: January 2024

Conservation covenants are an important legal tool for enabling private land conservation, whose significance to policymakers has recently grown in light of new global commitments to expand areas of land and water protected and restored. Covenants’ traditional focus on conservation of existing natural values rather than restoration of degraded land or active management of environments impacted by climate change pose significant challenges to the flexibility and efficacy of this legal instrument. In Australia, recent national legal reforms to incentivise private land conservation, notably the new Nature Repair Act 2023, will need to consider how it can align with conservation covenanted lands that are regulated by different laws with different criteria and goals. Here we identify some pathways for enabling conservation covenants to play an expanded role in the context of ecosystem restoration and climate adaptation.
Systematic approach to obtain axillary arterial access for pediatric heart catheterizations
Authors: Haddad Raymond N. , Karmustaji Fatema , Alloush Rasha , Al Soufi Mahmoud , Kasem Mohamed
Published: January 2024

Background

Axillary arterial access (AAA) in pediatric heart catheterizations is undervalued.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed children with congenital heart diseases (CHDs) who received trans-axillary arterial catheterizations between January 2019 and February 2023. We aimed ultrasound-guided punctures in the proximal two-thirds of axillary arteries with diameters ≥2 mm to insert 7 cm/4 Fr short introducers. We administrated intra-arterial verapamil (1.25 mg) and heparin (100 UI/kg). We infiltrated per-operatively 2% lignocaine (10 mg) for arterial spasms, long sheaths use (≥5 Fr), and ≥60 min procedures in <3 kg patients.

Results

We identified 30 patients (66.7% males) with a median age of 1.1 months (IQR, 0.3–5.4), and a median weight of 3.1 kg (IQR, 2.7–3.7). 5/30 patients had six redo interventions after a median of 3.9 months (IQR, 1.7–5.1). Overall, 27/36 procedures were interventional, including 6 aortic valvuloplasties, 6 balloon angioplasties, and 15 stenting procedures. The median arterial axillary angiographic diameter was 2.6 mm (IQR, 2.4–3). Access was right-sided in 23/36 (63.9%) procedures and obtained using 21G/2.5 cm bevel needles in 25/36 (69.4%) procedures. No hemodynamical change occurred after introducing spasmolytic drugs. The median fluoroscopy time was 26.1 min (IQR, 19.2–34.8). There were two self-resolving arterial dissections, one sub-occlusive arterial thrombosis (resolved with 6 weeks of enoxaparin), and one occlusive arterial thrombosis (resolved with alteplase thrombolysis and 6 weeks of enoxaparin). Median follow-up was 11.7 months (IQR, 8–17.5). Four patients with complex univentricular hearts died from non-procedural causes at a median of 40 days (IQR, 31–161) postoperative.

Conclusion

Systematic approach for AAA is the key to success and unlocks the many potentials of trans-axillary pediatric cardiology interventions.
Study on the interaction between particle shape and particle breakage of coral sand by discrete element method
Authors: Liu Xuejun , Zeng Kaifeng , Xiang Fuyu , Wang Chunhai , Hou Xianming , Li Yanjun
Published: January 2024

A series of biaxial tests with different initial particle shapes, confining pressures, bond strengths and depositional angles were conducted on coral sand by using a 2D discrete element method simulation. The interactions between particle shape and particle breakage were investigated, and their combined effects on the mechanical behavior of coral sand were analyzed. The test results showed that particle breakage considerably weakens the effect of particle shape and inherent anisotropy on shear strength. The difference between the internal friction angles of unbreakable and breakable agglomerates Δφ decreases with increasing aspect ratio AR, sphericity S, and depositional angle θ. There exists a unique relationship between the relative breakage BrDe and the input energy E for the same agglomerates, which is independent of axial strain and confining pressure. However, this relationship is significantly influenced by the agglomerate shape and depositional angle, and irregular and low depositional angle specimens are more easily broken. In addition, the evolution of the aspect ratio AR and sphericity S of agglomerates was controlled by particle breakage, regardless of the axial strain, confining pressure, bond strength and depositional angle, and these trends were determined by the initial particle shape.
Association between skeletal muscle and left ventricular mass in patients with hyperthyroidism
Authors: Liu Zhenchao , Liu Guang , Wang Yanzhi , Zheng Chongwen , Guo Yunliang
Published: January 2024

Objective

This study aims to investigate the relationship between skeletal muscle and left ventricular mass (LVM) in patients with hyperthyroidism, providing theoretical and data-based foundations for further research on the interaction between secondary muscle atrophy and cardiac remodeling.

Methods

A retrospective data collection was conducted, including 136 patients with hyperthyroidism (Study group) and 50 healthy participants (control group). The Study group was further divided into Group A (high LVM) and Group B (low LVM) based on LVM size. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine the correlation between skeletal muscle and LVM, with model evaluation. Based on the results, further nonlinear regression analysis was conducted to explore the detailed relationship between skeletal muscle and LVM.

Results

Compared to the control group, the Study group exhibited significantly lower LVM, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) (P<0.05). Within the subgroups, Group A had significantly higher SMI, SMM, and hand grip strength compared to Group B (P<0.05). The results of the multiple linear regression showed a certain correlation between SMI (β=0.60, P=0.042, 95% CI=0.02~1.17) and hand grip strength (β=0.34, P=0.045, 95% CI=0.01~0.67) with LVM. However, the residuals of the multiple regression did not follow a normal distribution (K-S=2.50, P<0.01). Further results from a generalized linear model and structural equation modeling regression also demonstrated a correlation between SMI (β=0.60, P=0.040, 95% CI=0.03~1.17) (β=0.60, P=0.042, 95% CI=0.02~1.17) and hand grip strength (β=0.34, P=0.043, 95% CI=0.01~0.67) (β=0.34, P=0.045, 95% CI=0.01~0.67) with LVM.

Conclusion

Patients with hyperthyroidism may exhibit simultaneous decreases in LVM, SMM, and SMI. The LVM in patients is correlated with SMM and hand grip strength, highlighting the need for further exploration of the causal relationship and underlying mechanisms. These findings provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of secondary sarcopenia and cardiac pathology in patients with hyperthyroidism.
A data-driven early warning method for thermal runaway of energy storage batteries and its application in retired lithium batteries
Authors: Chen Fuxin , Chen Xiaolin , Jin Junwu , Qin Yujie , Chen Yangming
Published: January 2024

The safety of battery energy storage systems (BES) is of paramount importance for societal development and the wellbeing of the people. This is particularly true for retired batteries, as their performance degradation increases the likelihood of thermal runaway occurrences. Existing early warning methods for BES thermal runaway face two main challenges: mechanism-based research methods only consider a single operating state, making their application and promotion difficult; while data-driven methods based on supervised learning struggle with limited sample sizes. To address these issues, this paper proposes a data-driven early warning method for BES thermal runaway. The method utilizes unsupervised learning to create a framework that measures BES differences through reconstruction errors, enabling effective handling of limited samples. Additionally, ensemble learning is employed to enhance the method’s stability and quantify the probability of BES experiencing thermal runaway. To accurately capture the time-varying behaviors of BES, such as voltage, temperature, current, and state of charge (SOC), and detect performance differences in BES before and after thermal runaway, a bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) network with an attention mechanism is utilized. This approach effectively extracts features from training data. Subsequently, a Case study was conducted using the actual operation data of retired lithium batteries to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Stochastic optimal allocation for a battery energy storage system in high renewable-penetrated distribution networks
Authors: Zhang Changjun , Li Zhongzhong , Ma Lihong , Li Sifan , Fu Linbei , Zhou Hang , Wang Haisheng , Wu Yufen
Published: January 2024

As the penetration of renewable distributed generation (RDG) continues to grow, the stochastic and intermittent nature of its output imposes significant challenges on distribution networks (DNs), such as source–load mismatch and voltage fluctuations, which seriously affects the safety and reliability of the system. Thus, this paper presents a stochastic optimal allocation method for a battery energy storage system (BESS) in the DN, with the consideration of annual load growth, BESS degradation, and DN operation, aiming to minimize the overall cost of DNs and harvest more renewable energy. Based on the rainflow-counting concept, BESS degradation is efficiently modeled and linearized to improve solvability. Additionally, to address the uncertainties of RDG outputs and loads, a stochastic optimization (SO) method is adopted. Furthermore, considering that a large number of integer variables of the BESS allocation model may cause a heavy computational burden, a feasibility pump-based solution algorithm is introduced to accelerate the solving speed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed BESS allocation method and the solution algorithm is verified on a 33-bus DN system through comparative analyses, showing high efficiency and performance.
Short-term load forecasting for power systems with high-penetration renewables based on multivariate data slicing transformer neural network
Authors: Lu Wen , Chen Xingjie
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The characteristics of intermittency and volatility brought by a high proportion of renewable energy impose higher requirements on load forecasting in modern power system. Currently, load forecasting methods mainly include statistical models and machine learning methods, but they exhibit relative rigidity in handling the uncertainty, volatility, and nonlinear relationships of new energy, making it difficult to adapt to instantaneous load changes and the complex impact of meteorological factors. The Transformer model, as an algorithm used in natural language processing, with its self-attention mechanism and powerful nonlinear modeling capability, can help address the aforementioned issues.

Methods: However, its current performance in time series processing is suboptimal. Therefore, this paper improves the Transformer model through two steps, namely, Data-Slicing and Channel-independence, enhancing its adaptability in load forecasting.

Results: By using load data from Northern Ireland as an example, we compared GRU, CNN, and traditional Transformer models. We validated the effectiveness of this algorithm in short-term load forecasting using MAPE and MSE as indicators.

Discussion: The results indicate that, in short-term load forecasting, the MDS method, compared to GRU, CNN, and traditional Transformer methods, has generally reduced the MSE by over 48%, and achieved a reduction of over 47.6% in MAPE, demonstrating excellent performance.
Agronomic, physiological and transcriptional characteristics provide insights into fatty acid biosynthesis in yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge) during fruit ripening
Authors: Liu Guan , Liu Fengjiao , Pan Lin , Wang Hanhui , Lu Yanan , Liu Changhua , Yu Song , Hu Xiaohang
Published: January 2024

Yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge) is an oil-bearing tree species in northern China. In this study, we used yellowhorn from Heilongjiang to analyze the morphological and physiological changes of fruit development and conducted transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that the fruit experienced relatively slow growth from fertilization to DAF20 (20 days after flowering). From DAF40 to DAF60, the fruit entered an accelerated development stage, with a rapid increase in both transverse and longitudinal diameters, and the kernel contour developed completely at DAF40. From DAF60 to DAF80, the transverse and vertical diameters of the fruit developed slowly, and the overall measures remained stable until maturity. The soluble sugar, starch, and anthocyanin content gradually accumulated until reaching a peak at DAF80 and then rapidly decreased. RNA-seq analysis revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the seed coat and kernel, implying that seed components have different metabolite accumulation mechanisms. During the stages of seed kernel development, k-means clustering separated the DEGs into eight sub-classes, indicating gene expression shifts during the fruit ripening process. In subclass 8, the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway was enriched, suggesting that this class was responsible for lipid accumulation in the kernel. WGCNA revealed ten tissue-specific modules for the 12 samples among 20 modules. We identified 54 fatty acid biosynthesis pathway genes across the genome, of which 14 was quantified and confirmed by RT-qPCR. Most genes in the plastid synthesis stage showed high expression during the DAF40–DAF60 period, while genes in the endoplasmic reticulum synthesis stage showed diverse expression patterns. EVM0012847 (KCS) and EVM0002968 (HCD) showed similar high expression in the early stages and low expression in the late stages. EVM0022385 (HCD) exhibited decreased expression from DAF40 to DAF60 and then increased from DAF60 to DAF100. EVM0000575 (KCS) was increasingly expressed from DAF40 to DAF60 and then decreased from DAF60 to DAF100. Finally, we identified transcription factors (TFs) (HB-other, bHLH and ARF) that were predicted to bind to fatty acid biosynthesis pathway genes with significant correlations. These results are conducive to promoting the transcriptional regulation of lipid metabolism and the genetic improvement in terms of high lipid content of yellowhorn.
A qualitative interview study on colorectal cancer screening in China
Authors: Wu Weimiao , Tan Songsong , Huang Junjie , Chen Yingyao , Wong Martin C. S. , Xu Wanghong
Published: January 2024

Background

The effectiveness of triage screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) is not fully achieved in Chinese populations, mainly due to low compliance to colonoscopy follow-up. This study aimed to collect viewpoints of experts in China on ongoing screening programs and emerging screening tests for CRC, which may help to improve effectiveness of CRC screening in the country.

Methods

We conducted 15 semi-structured interviews with experts involving CRC screening in China during October to November of 2020. Interview topics included personal characteristics, work context, opinions on ongoing screening programs, challenges and opportunities in optimization of screening strategies, and prospects for CRC screening in near future. To analyze the data, we used a generic qualitative research approach inspired by grounded theory, including open, axial, and selective coding.

Results

This analysis revealed a total of 83 initial categories, 37 subcategories and 10 main categories, which included 4 core categories of current modality for CRC screening, factors influencing screening effectiveness, optimization of CRC screening modality, and prospects for development of CRC screening. The results provide insight into the factors underlying the challenges of the ongoing CRC screening programs in China: the most important concern is the low compliance to colonoscopy, followed by the low specificity of the currently-used initial tests. The experts proposed to use quantitative instead of qualitative fecal immunochemical test (FIT), and optimize risk assessment tools to improve specificity of initial tests. Regarding the emerging screening tests, 9 of 15 experts did not think that the novel techniques are good enough to replace the current tests, but can be used complementarily in opportunistic screening for CRC.

Conclusion

The viewpoints of Chinese experts suggested that use quantitative FIT or optimize risk assessment tools may help to identify high-risk individuals of CRC more accurately, improve adherence to colonoscopy, and thus fully achieve the effectiveness of screening.
Insight into the soil bacterial community succession of Nicotiana benthamiana in response to Tobacco mosaic virus
Authors: Zhao Yuqiang , Liu Tianbo , Wu Shaolong , Zhang Deyong , Xiao Zhipeng , Ren Zuohua , Li Lingling , Liu Suoni , Xiao Yunhua , Tang Qianjun
Published: January 2024

Background

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is one famous plant virus responsible for substantial economic losses worldwide. However, the roles of bacterial communities in response to TMV in the tobacco rhizosphere remain unclear.

Methods

We explored the soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community succession of the healthy (YTH) and diseased (YTD) plants with TMV infection by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.

Results

We found that soil pH in the YTD group was significantly lower than in the YTH group, and the soil available nutrients were substantially higher. The bacterial community analysis found that the diversity and structure significantly differed post-TMV disease onset. With TMV inoculated, the alpha diversity of the bacterial community in the YTD was markedly higher than that in the YTH group at the early stage. However, the alpha diversity in the YTD group subsequently decreased to lower than in the YTH group. The early bacterial structure of healthy plants exhibited higher susceptibility to TMV infection, whereas, in the subsequent stages, there was an enrichment of beneficial bacterial (e.g., Ramlibacter, Sphingomonas, Streptomyces, and Niastella) and enhanced energy metabolism and nucleotide metabolism in bacteria.

Conclusion

The initial soil bacterial community exhibited susceptibility to TMV infection, which might contribute to strengthening resistance of Tobacco to TMV.
Distribution of the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion in healthy subjects: a multicenter study promoted by the Italian IRCCS network of neuroscience and neurorehabilitation
Authors: Giardina Emiliano , Mandich Paola , Ghidoni Roberta , Ticozzi Nicola , Rossi Giacomina , Fenoglio Chiara , Tiziano Francesco Danilo , Esposito Federica , Capellari Sabina , Nacmias Benedetta , Mineri Rossana , Campopiano Rosa , Di Pilla Luana , Sammarone Federica , Zampatti Stefania , Peconi Cristina , De Angelis Flavio , Palmieri Ilaria , Galandra Caterina , Nicodemo Eleonora , Origone Paola , Gotta Fabio , Ponti Clarissa , Nicsanu Roland , Benussi Luisa , Peverelli Silvia , Ratti Antonia , Ricci Martina , Di Fede Giuseppe , Magri Stefania , Serpente Maria , Lattante Serena , Domi Teuta , Carrera Paola , Saltimbanco Elisa , Bagnoli Silvia , Ingannato Assunta , Albanese Alberto , Tagliavini Fabrizio , Lodi Raffaele , Caltagirone Carlo , Gambardella Stefano , Valente Enza Maria , Silani Vincenzo
Published: January 2024

Introduction

High repeat expansion (HRE) alleles in C9orf72 have been linked to both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD); ranges for intermediate allelic expansions have not been defined yet, and clinical interpretation of molecular data lacks a defined genotype–phenotype association. In this study, we provide results from a large multicenter epidemiological study reporting the distribution of C9orf72 repeats in healthy elderly from the Italian population.

Methods

A total of 967 samples were collected from neurologically evaluated healthy individuals over 70 years of age in the 13 institutes participating in the RIN (IRCCS Network of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation) based in Italy. All samples were genotyped using the AmplideXPCR/CE C9orf72 Kit (Asuragen, Inc.), using standardized protocols that have been validated through blind proficiency testing.

Results

All samples carried hexanucleotide G4C2 expansion alleles in the normal range. All samples were characterized by alleles with less than 25 repeats. In particular, 93.7% of samples showed a number of repeats ≤10, 99.9% ≤20 repeats, and 100% ≤25 repeats.

Conclusion

This study describes the distribution of hexanucleotide G4C2 expansion alleles in an Italian healthy population, providing a definition of alleles associated with the neurological healthy phenotype. Moreover, this study provides an effective model of federation between institutes, highlighting the importance of sharing genomic data and standardizing analysis techniques, promoting translational research. Data derived from the study may improve genetic counseling and future studies on ALS/FTD.
Novel advanced imaging techniques for cerebral oedema
Authors: Pham Jenny , Ng Felix C.
Published: January 2024

Cerebral oedema following acute ischemic infarction has been correlated with poor functional outcomes and is the driving mechanism of malignant infarction. Measurements of midline shift and qualitative assessment for herniation are currently the main CT indicators for cerebral oedema but have limited sensitivity for small cortical infarcts and are typically a delayed sign. In contrast, diffusion-weighted (DWI) or T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are highly sensitive but are significantly less accessible. Due to the need for early quantification of cerebral oedema, several novel imaging biomarkers have been proposed. Based on neuroanatomical shift secondary to space-occupying oedema, measures such as relative hemispheric volume and cerebrospinal fluid displacement are correlated with poor outcomes. In contrast, other imaging biometrics, such as net water uptake, T2 relaxometry and blood brain barrier permeability, reflect intrinsic tissue changes from the influx of fluid into the ischemic region. This review aims to discuss quantification of cerebral oedema using current and developing advanced imaging techniques, and their role in predicting clinical outcomes.
Immediate and sustained terminal complement inhibition with ravulizumab in patients with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Ortiz Stephan , Pittock Sean J. , Berthele Achim , Levy Michael , Nakashima Ichiro , Oreja-Guevara Celia , Allen Kerstin , Mashhoon Yasmin , Parks Becky , Kim Ho Jin
Published: January 2024

Objective

To assess the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the long-acting terminal complement 5 (C5) inhibitor ravulizumab in adults with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-positive (AQP4+) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in the phase 3, open-label CHAMPION-NMOSD trial (NCT04201262).

Methods

Patients aged 18 years or older received a weight-based intravenous loading dose of ravulizumab (2,400–3,000 mg) on day 1, followed by weight-based maintenance doses (3,000–3,600 mg) on day 15 and once every 8 weeks thereafter. Pharmacokinetic assessments were maximum observed concentration (Cmax, assessed at the end of the infusion) and concentration at the end of the dosing interval (Ctrough, assessed before dosing) for ravulizumab. Pharmacodynamic assessment was time-matched observed free C5 concentration in serum up to 50 weeks.

Results

The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis included 58 patients treated with ravulizumab. Serum ravulizumab concentrations at or above the therapeutic threshold (175 μg/mL) were achieved in all patients after administration of the first dose and maintained for 50 weeks. At week 50, the mean (standard deviation) Cmax (n = 51) and Ctrough (n = 52) were 1,887.6 (411.38) and 764.4 (217.68) μg/mL, respectively. Immediate and complete terminal complement inhibition (free C5 serum concentrations < 0.5 μg/mL) was achieved by the end of the first ravulizumab infusion and sustained throughout the treatment period. No treatment-emergent antibodies to ravulizumab were observed. No impact on ravulizumab pharmacokinetics was seen for age, sex, race, hematocrit, hemoglobin, markers of renal and liver impairment, or medications commonly used by patients with NMOSD. Body weight and BMI were significant covariates of ravulizumab pharmacokinetics.

Conclusions

Serum ravulizumab concentrations were maintained above the therapeutic threshold in all patients through 50 weeks of treatment. Ravulizumab achieved immediate and complete terminal complement inhibition that was sustained throughout the treatment period in adults with AQP4+ NMOSD.
Household food insecurity is negatively associated with achievement of prenatal intentions to feed only breast milk in the first six months postpartum
Authors: Francis Jane , Mildon Alison , Tarasuk Valerie , Frank Lesley
Published: January 2024

Background

Household food insecurity (HFI) has been associated with suboptimal breastfeeding practices. Postpartum factors reported by caregivers include stressful life circumstances and maternal diet quality concerns. It is unknown whether prenatal breast milk feeding intentions, a well-established predictor of breastfeeding outcomes, differ by HFI status. We explored associations between HFI and prenatal intentions to feed any and only breast milk in the first 6 months postpartum, and achievement of these intentions.

Methods

We utilized data from self-identified biological mothers with children 6–12 months of age who responded to a retrospective, cross-sectional online infant feeding survey conducted in Nova Scotia, Canada. HFI (yes/no) was assessed using the Household Food Security Survey Module. Prenatal intentions to feed any and only breast milk were assessed based on responses to five options for infant milk feeding plans. Achievement of intentions was assessed by breast milk and formula feeding practices in the first 6 months. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted, adjusting for maternal socio-demographics.

Results

Among 459 respondents, 28% reported HFI; 88% intended to feed any breast milk and 77% intended to feed only breast milk, with no difference by HFI status. Of those intending to feed any breast milk, 99% succeeded, precluding further analysis. Among mothers who intended to provide only breast milk, only 51% achieved their intention, with lower odds among those with HFI (aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.29–0.98).

Conclusion

HFI was not associated with intentions for feeding breast milk in the first 6 months postpartum, but mothers with HFI were less likely to achieve their intention to provide only breast milk. Further research is needed to understand the underlying reasons for this and to guide intervention designs to address HFI and help mothers reach their breastfeeding goals.
Case report: Adult NTRK-rearranged spindle cell neoplasms with TPM3-NTRK1 fusion in the pelvic
Authors: Cao Qiurui , Huang Zhifang , Liang Hong , Hu Xing , Wang Lucas , Yang Yaxian , Lian Bin , Huang Jian , Guo Jinyan
Published: January 2024

NTRK-rearranged spindle cell neoplasms (NTRK-RSCNs) are rare soft tissue tumor molecularly characterized by NTRK gene rearrangement, which occurs mostly in children and young adults, and rarely in adults. The abnormal tumor located in superficial or deep soft tissues of human extremities and trunk mostly, and rarely also involves abdominal organs. In this case, we report a malignant NTRK-RSCN that occurred in the pelvic region of an adult. The patient was found to have a large tumor in the pelvic region with a pathological diagnosis of infiltrative growth of short spindle-shaped tumor cells with marked heterogeneity. Immunohistochemistry of this patient showed positive vimentin, pan-TRK and Ki67 (approximately 60%) indicators with negative S100, Desmin and DOG1. Molecular diagnosis revealed c-KIT and PDGFRα wild type with TPM3-NTRK1 fusion, unfortunately this patient had a rapidly progressive disease and passed away. This case highlights the gene mutation in the molecular characteristics of NTRK-RSCNs, and the significance of accurate molecular typing for the diagnosis of difficult cases.
Epigenetic modification and characterization of the MGMT promoter region using CRISPRoff in glioblastoma cells
Authors: Weber Remi , Weller Michael , Reifenberger Guido , Vasella Flavio
Published: January 2024

The methylation status of the O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter region is a critical predictor of response to alkylating agents in glioblastoma. However, current approaches to study the MGMT status focus on analyzing models with non-identical backgrounds. Here, we present an epigenetic editing approach using CRISPRoff to introduce site-specific CpG methylation in the MGMT promoter region of glioma cell lines. Sanger sequencing revealed successful introduction of methylation, effectively generating differently methylated glioma cell lines with an isogenic background. The introduced methylation resulted in reduced MGMT mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the cell lines with MGMT promoter region methylation exhibited increased sensitivity to temozolomide, consistent with the impact of methylation on treatment outcomes in patients with glioblastoma. This precise epigenome-editing approach provides valuable insights into the functional relevance of MGMT promoter regional methylation and its potential for prognostic and predictive assessments, as well as epigenetic-targeted therapies.
Complete remission of gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma with liver metastasis by tislelizumab plus chemotherapy: a case report
Authors: Li Huafei , Qiao Jiaming , Kou Xiaoxia , Wu Cong , Liu Huiying , Qiu Jinrong
Published: January 2024

Background

Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (GB-NEC) is an extremely rare cancer with a poor prognosis in the clinic. Although surgical resection remains the primary and preferred therapeutics, many patients are in a late stage and lose the opportunity for surgery. However, due to the extremely low morbidity, the specific treatment guidelines for GB-NEC have not been established.

Case presentation

A 52-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with the chief complaint of “almost 1 month after palliative surgery for metastatic gallbladder carcinoma.” According to the results of pathological findings and imaging manifestations, the patient was diagnosed with GB-NEC with a clinical stage of pT3N1M1 (IVB). The patient then received tislelizumab plus EP chemotherapy (etoposide 100 mg + cisplatin 30 mg, d1–3) every 3 weeks for 8 cycles from 12 November, 2021, followed by maintenance therapy (tislelizumab alone) every 3 weeks until now. The tumor response was evaluated as complete remission since 13 February, 2023. As of the last follow-up, the patient remains alive, with no complaints of discomfort.

Conclusions

Gallbladder NEC has no specific symptoms, and the diagnosis is based on pathological and immunohistochemical results. The therapeutic course and efficacy of the case in this study indicates that the application of PD-1 inhibitor might be a feasible therapeutic option for GB-NEC. However, this potential strategy needs validation by further clinical studies in the future.
Vasculitis and vasculopathy associated with inborn errors of immunity: an overview
Authors: Federici Silvia , Cinicola Bianca Laura , La Torre Francesco , Castagnoli Riccardo , Lougaris Vassilios , Giardino Giuliana , Volpi Stefano , Caorsi Roberta , Leonardi Lucia , Corrente Stefania , Soresina Annarosa , Cancrini Caterina , Insalaco Antonella , Gattorno Marco , De Benedetti Fabrizio , Marseglia Gian Luigi , Del Giudice Michele Miraglia , Cardinale Fabio
Published: January 2024

Systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAIDs) are disorders of innate immunity, which are characterized by unprovoked recurrent flares of systemic inflammation often characterized by fever associated with clinical manifestations mainly involving the musculoskeletal, mucocutaneous, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. Several conditions also present with varied, sometimes prominent, involvement of the vascular system, with features of vasculitis characterized by variable target vessel involvement and organ damage. Here, we report a systematic review of vasculitis and vasculopathy associated with inborn errors of immunity.
Risk factors of necrotizing enterocolitis among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at the selected public hospitals in southern Ethiopia, 2023
Authors: Abebe Mesfin , Ayehu Mequanint , Tebeje Tsion Mulat , Melaku Getnet
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious intestinal condition characterized by ischemic necrosis of the intestinal mucosa, inflammation, and invasion by gas-forming organisms, posing a significant threat to neonatal health. Necrotizing enterocolitis remains a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Due to limited research conducted in Ethiopia and the study area, there is a lack of information regarding the risk factors associated with necrotizing enterocolitis. Therefore, the goal of this study is to fill the aforementioned gap.

Objective

This study aims to identify the risk factors of necrotizing enterocolitis among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at selected general and referral hospitals in southern Ethiopia in the year 2023.

Methods and materials

A facility-based unmatched case–control study was conducted. All neonates admitted to the NICU and diagnosed with necrotizing enterocolitis by the attending physician during the data collection period were considered as cases, whereas neonates admitted to the NICU but not diagnosed with necrotizing enterocolitis during the data collection period were considered as controls. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and record reviews using the Kobo toolbox platform. The binary logistic regression method was used to determine the relationship between a dependent variable and independent variables. Finally, a p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

This study included 111 cases and 332 controls. Normal BMI [AOR = 0.11, 95% CI: (0.02, 0.58)], history of khat chewing [AOR = 4.21, 95% CI: (1.96, 9.06)], term gestation [AOR = 0.06, 95% CI: (0.01, 0.18)], history of cigarette smoking [AOR = 2.86, 95% CI: (1.14, 7.14)], length of hospital stay [AOR = 3.3, 95% CI: (1.43, 7.67)], and premature rupture of membrane [AOR = 3.51, 95% CI: (1.77, 6.98)] were significantly associated with NEC.

Conclusion

The study identified several risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis, including body mass index, history of khat chewing, gestational age, history of cigarette smoking, length of hospital stays, and premature rupture of membrane. Therefore, healthcare providers should be aware of these risk factors to identify newborns at high risk and implement preventive measures.
Outcomes of patients supported by mechanical ventilation and their families two months after discharge from pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: MacDonald Simon , Du Pont-Thibodeau Geneviève , Thibault Celine , Jutras Camille , Roumeliotis Nadia , Farrell Catherine , Ducharme-Crevier Laurence
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The outcomes of children undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV) in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) remain poorly characterized and increasing knowledge in this area may lead to strategies that improve care. In this study, we reported the outcomes of children receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and/or non-invasive ventilation (NIV), 2 months after PICU discharge.

Methods

This is a post-hoc analysis of a single-center prospective study of PICU children followed at the PICU follow-up clinic at CHU Sainte-Justine. Eligible children were admitted to the PICU with ≥2 days of IMV or ≥4 days of NIV. Two months after PICU discharge, patients and families were evaluated by physicians and filled out questionnaires assessing Quality of life (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™), development milestones (Ages and Stages Questionnaire), and parental anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale).

Results

One hundred and fifty patients were included from October 2018 to December 2021; 106 patients received IMV (±NIV), and 44 patients received NIV exclusively. Admission diagnoses differed between groups, with 30.2% of patients in the IMV group admitted for a respiratory illness vs. 79.5% in the NIV group. For the entire cohort, QoL scores were 78.1% for the physical domain and 80.1% for the psychological domain, and were similar between groups. Children with a respiratory illness exhibited similar symptoms at follow-up whether they were supported by IMV vs. NIV. For developmental outcomes, only 22.2% of pre-school children had normal scores in all ASQ domains. In the entire cohort, symptoms of anxiety were reported in 29.9% and depression in 24.6 of patients%

Conclusions

PICU survivors undergoing mechanical ventilation, and their families, experienced significant morbidities 2 months after their critical illness, whether they received IMV or NIV. Children with respiratory illness exhibited a higher prevalence of persistent respiratory difficulties post PICU, whether they underwent IMV or NIV. Patients’ quality of life and parental symptoms of anxiety and depression did not differ according to the type of respiratory support. These findings justify the inclusion of patients receiving NIV in the PICU in follow-up assessments as well as those receiving IMV.
Effects of low-volume functional and running high-intensity interval training on physical fitness in young adults with overweight/obesity
Authors: Cao Meng , Yang Baiquan , Tang Yucheng , Wang Chun , Yin Lijun
Published: January 2024

Objectives: This study examined and compared the effects of functional and running high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscular fitness of young adults with overweight or obesity.

Methods: Forty-five participants (22.1 ± 2.1 years, BMI = 25.2 ± 1.0 kg/m2) were assigned to functional HIIT (HIIT-F; n = 15), running HIIT (HIIT-R; n = 15), or non-training control group (CON; n = 15). Participants in HIIT-F and HIIT-R performed functional exercise based-HIIT (four sets of all-out whole-body exercises including jumping jacks, squats, twist jumps and mountain climbers, et al.) and running HIIT (four sets of running on a treadmill) for 12 weeks, respectively. Body composition, muscular fitness, and cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed pre and post intervention.

Results: Both HIIT-F and HIIT-R significantly improved the body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness, with HIIT-F induced greater improvements in lean mass (+1.623 vs. −1.034 kg, p < 0.001), back strength (+6.007 vs. +3.333 kg, p < 0.01), and push-ups (+5.692 vs. 1.923 reps, p < 0.001) than that in HIIT-R. HIIT-R reduced more visceral fat area (VFA) (−11.416 vs. −4.338 cm2, p = 0.052) and induced similar improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max, +2.192 vs. +2.885 mL/kg/min, p = 0.792) with HIIT-F.

Conclusion: Twelve weeks of HIIT-R or HIIT-F improved physical fitness among young adults with overweight or obesity. Despite the similar impact on cardiorespiratory fitness, HIIT-F generates a better positive effect on muscular fitness relative to HIIT-R, which could be partly explained by the greater increase in lean mass after HIIT-F intervention.
Transcriptome data reveals the conservation genetics of Cypripedium forrestii, a plant species with extremely small populations endemic to Yunnan, China
Authors: Lin Liewen , Cai Lei , Huang Hua , Ming Shengping , Sun Weibang
Published: January 2024

The Cypripedium forrestii is an orchid species with extremely small populations (PSESP) in Yunnan, China. C. forrestii is range-restricted and less-studied than many orchid species, and it is exposed to various threats to its survival. We investigated its potential habitats and collected 52 samples from eight locations, as well as two outgroup species for reference. We developed genetic markers (SNPs) for C. forrestii based on transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data, and analyzed the genetic diversity, population structure, gene flow and demographic history of C. forrestii in detail. C. forrestii is a taxonomically independent species to protect. We found that the genetic diversity of C. forrestii was very low (1.7e-4) compared with other endangered species. We identified three genetic clusters, and several populations with distinct genetic backgrounds. Most genetic diversity was found within sampling sites (87.87%) and genetic clusters (91.39%). Gene flow has been greatly limited over the most recent generations, probably due to geographical distance, historical climate change and habitat fragmentation. We also detected a severe bottleneck event brought about by the recent population constraints. These factors, together with its reproductive characteristics, contribute to the population fragmentation and low genetic diversity of C. forrestii. Based on our findings, we suggest an integrative conservation strategy to protect and recover the genetic diversity of C. forrestii and a further comprehensive study of its ecological traits in the future.