bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Talking about the Construction of General IOT Application Software Practice Platform
Authors: Li Chun , Tang Ping
Published: April 2021

The establishment of a basic service platform for the Internet of Things application can provide the necessary basic technical services for the application of the Internet of Things in various industries in the future. In this way, the in-depth integration of data and business levels in various industries can be realized, so as to fully realize the interconnection of IoT applications. This article will analyze and introduce the technology, principles, and related platform design and deployment required to build a practical platform for IoT application software on the basis of an overview of the technical characteristics, content and composition of the Internet of Things.
Lip-Corrector: Application of BERT-based model in sentence-level lipreading
Authors: Zhao Haoran , Zhang Bowen , Yin Zhanhang
Published: April 2021

The current field of lipreading is limited to the processing of visual signal and the optimization of sequence models, but the sentence text is ignored. Aiming at this problem, we proposed a lipreading method combined with natural language processing (NLP) technology, Lip-Corrector, which applies the BERT model in this paper. The front end of the model uses 3D+2D convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract lip information, the middle end uses the Transformer-based Seq2seq sequence model to make sentence-level predictions, and the back end uses a sentence correction method based on the BERT model, which connects to the midend after pre-training on the self-made dataset. Experiments on the two largest sentence-level lipreading datasets of LRS2 and LRS3 show that the performance of this model surpasses all the baselines, which proves that lipreading methods combined with NLP technology will get better results.
Research on New Generation of Power Line Carrier Communication Trusted Networking Algorithm
Authors: Pan Cheng , Guo Liwei , Wang Xiuzhu , Pan Chen
Published: April 2021

With the safe and stable operation of the new generation of power line carrier communication, it is of great significance to the rapid development of smart power grid. However, due to its own physical characteristics and the impact of the external environment, communication cables usually have some security risks, such as aging, damage, theft. In this paper, a new generation of power line carrier communication trusted access network is studied. In this paper, the current situation of the new generation of power line carrier trusted access and network requirements are analyzed, then the principle and characteristics of basic ant colony algorithm are briefly introduced, then the characteristics of power line carrier communication system network and network requirements are analyzed, the improved ant colony algorithm is applied to network optimization of the new generation of PLC communication system. The algorithm makes the power line carrier communication system have certain destruction resistance and recombination ability when the network state changes, it can guarantee the reliable operation of power network communication system.
Research on optimal layout of Video Surveillance in the Smart Grid based on Multi-dimensional Evaluation Objectives
Authors: Wang Liang
Published: April 2021

The video surveillance is a key technology, which is one of the design technology for the ubiquitous perception and acquisition of panoramic information in the smart grid. The remote video surveillance technology and power automation systems such as remote control, telemetry, remote sensing and remote signal, which ensure the normal operation of the whole smart grid, can greatly improve the security of important substations or unmanned substations. At present, there is not a unified standard for video surveillance layout of the smart grid. The video surveillance system in each area is often arranged with reference to the requirements and habits of the operation and maintenance in the region. But, other important factors are not taken into account. In this paper, by constructing the objective function of multi-dimensional evaluation, the optimal layout scheme of video surveillance in the smart grid is obtained. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is proved by the analysis of the cases.
Research on External Quality Automatic Detection and Classification Method of Navel Orange Based on Simple Dense Network
Authors: Tan Yumei , Li Peng , Li Xiaoxin , Yang Longwen
Published: April 2021

We propose a simple dense convolutional neural network model (SDenseNet) to solve the problem of low accuracy and poor performance in classification of navel orange with large external differences. Specifically, AlexNet is adopted as the backbone network, through the introduction of batch normalization(BN) and reduction initial size of the convolution kernel to accelerate convergence of the network model. Besides, we design a new feature reuse structure to promote the connection between layers, and modify the full connection layer by using global pooling to reduce training parameters. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed SDenseNet significantly improves the performance with 99.33% accuracy on self-built navel orange dataset, outperforming the classic models of LeNet, AlexNet, SqueezeNet and ResNet with significant improvements of 5.33%, 1.55% and 3.55% respectively. The research results provide a new solution for external quality automatic detection and classification of navel orange.
Learning for Graph Matching based Multi-object Tracking in Auto Driving
Authors: Yin Yihao , Feng Xin , Wu Haoming
Published: April 2021

Multi-object tracking in autonomous driving aims to represent trajectories of moving objects for planning system of the vehicle. In this paper, we propose a new tracking-bydetection scheme based on deep neural networks for multi-object detection and tracking in autonomous driving scene. We first introduce a light-weight neural network branch for fast object detection, and based on the detection results on each frame, we build two object graphs for consecutive frames separately, where the vertices of the graph represent the objects in the image, and the edges of the graph represent the spatial relations between the objects. We then formulate the multi-object tracking problem as the graph matching process by learning the relevance between objects from another object association network branch. Experiments results on the MOT multi-object tracking dataset show that the proposed object detection and tracking approach achieves comparable results with state-of-the-art deep learning based multi-object tracking methods, and outperforms them in tracking efficiency, which ensures real-time multiobject tracking for autonomous driving.
Imbalanced dataset classification algorithm based on NDSVM
Authors: Liu Yueting
Published: April 2021

Because of uneven distribution and indistinct boundary in imbalanced dataset, imbalanced dataset classification algorithm based on neighbors density support vector machine (NDSVM)is proposed. In this algorithm, the neighbor range density of each sample in the majority class is calculated firstly. According to the density value, the data which on the majority class border or close to the border is equal to the minority samples in quantity, which are selected, then the minority class complete SVM initial classification. Then the resulting support vector machine and residual data in the majority class optimize the initial classifier. The simulation results of experiments on the manual and UCI dataset show that compared with WSVM、 ALSMOTE-SVM and SVM, NDSVM has better classification performance, which effectively improve the classification performance of SVM algorithm on the uneven distribution and indistinct boundary in imbalanced dataset.
Interface stability of magnetic fluid seal for sealing liquid
Authors: Wang Hujun
Published: April 2021

Theoretically, the velocity distributions of the sealed liquid and magnetic fluid are studied. The velocity of the sealed liquid and magnetic fluid decreases nonlinearly with the increase of the radius. The instability of the interface between magnetic fluid and the sealed liquid is studied. Experimentally, when the rotating speed of the shaft increases, magnetic fluid and the sealed liquid are mixed with each other, and the stability of the interface between magnetic fluid and the sealed liquid is destroyed. The higher the rotational speed of the shaft is, the shorter the time for the interface to remain stable is.
Fatigue strength analysis of desilting platform structure
Authors: WeiDa Kong
Published: April 2021

In order to ensure the fatigue reliability of the dredging platform and key equipment structure, the fatigue of the platform is analyzed by using the analysis method based on S-N curve and fatigue cumulative damage criterion. Firstly, according to the wave characteristics of the Pearl River Basin, the periodic load of the dredger is calculated by using hydrodynamic analysis tools. Then, the fatigue life of dangerous parts is analyzed by using cumulative damage theory and S-N characteristic curve. The results show that the joint of desilting equipment and conveying device is easy to suffer fatigue damage, and the fatigue life limit is 2328h, and the other equipment and structure meet the fatigue requirements.
Study on the decimeter wave absorbing materials
Authors: Han Wei-Hua , Chen Dan , Ju Hui-Hui , Fan Chun-Yan
Published: April 2021

In order to confront the reconnaissance of decimeter wave radar, metal-oxide absorbing materials are studied according to the present development of decimeter wave absorbing materials. The decimeter wave absorption and temperature rising mechanisms of transition metal-oxide are analyzed, the wave absorption and temperature rising tests are conducted, and the temperature rising rates are compared. Testing results show some transition metal-oxides have good absorption of decimeter wave.
Influence of water environment on wet underwater manual self-propagating high-temperature synthesis welding
Authors: Li Zhizun , Sun Liming , Han Xiaofen , Han Fengqi
Published: April 2021

Manual SHS welding is a kind of quick welding technique for emergency maintenance. In this paper, influence of water environment on the welding quality and performance has been studied. Results showed that water had significant influence on the welding. The visibility for welding was significantly reduced, which increased the difficulty of welding operation. The brightness of weld pool in wet welding were darker than that in land welding and the shape of combusting arc was compressed significantly. The highest temperature of weld pool in underwater welding was obviously lower than that in land welding, and the cooling rate of HAZ was faster. The welding quality was worsen remarkably by water. The weld seam was irregular and discontinuous, and a lot of gas pores and inclusions existed in the weld metal. And the amount of deposited metal was obviously reduced. Microstructure analysis showed that the matrix of weld metal was α-Cu solid solution, with Fe-rich second phase distributing orderly on it, which was same as that of land welding. But water caused many apparent inclusions and pores in the weld metal. The tensile strength of weld joints for underwater welding was obviously lower than that of weld joints for land welding.
Finite Element Analysis Based on Virtual Material and Experimental of Vacuum Chamber
Authors: Fu Yongling , Wang Zeqi , Li Wanguo
Published: April 2021

Electron beam imaging system plays an important role in chip defect detection, so optimizing its dynamic performance is crucial. To understand the vibration characteristics of the electron beam imaging system, a reasonable finite element model is established. The simulation results show that the natural frequencies of the model adding virtual material layer are more accurate than bounded, but the local mode caused by the virtual material layer needs to be eliminated. The error of this method is within 10%, which verifies the accuracy of virtual materials in large assemblies. Our research promotes the development of the chip inspection technology.
Microwave Dielectric Ceramic Materials and Their Industry Development Overview and Future Prospects
Authors: Kui Jiujun
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, microwave dielectric ceramics are widely used in all kinds of modern communication equipment, becoming the key material for manufacturing microwave dielectric filters and resonators. With the rapid development of related fields, the scope of application of microwave dielectric ceramics has been further expanded. On this basis, this paper explores the development history of microwave dielectric ceramics and the situation and future outlook of its industry. By combining historical events and data, the development history of microwave dielectric ceramics is described. The situation is also analysed and discussed in the context of the times and current events to provide an objective evaluation and forecast of the industry. The final results show that in the context of the new era of 5G, the microwave dielectric ceramics industry has entered a brand new stage of development and it presents a huge potential for innovation and development.
Experimental study on fatigue performance of bushing repair with different fasteners
Authors: Tao Siwei , Zou Jiansheng
Published: April 2021

Based on the fatigue theory, the main influencing parameters of bushing repair are qualitatively analyzed. The specimen-level fatigue test is carried out to quantitatively analyze the changes in the fatigue quality of metal structures connected by different fasteners before and after the bushing repair. The result suggests that: The DFR of the high-lock bolt connection after bushing repair is basically the same as the engineering calculation result, and the DFR of rivet connection after bushing repair is steadily lower than the engineering calculation result; Under a certain bushing interference, as the outer diameter of the bushing increases, the fatigue quality of the bushing repair structure of the high-lock bolt connection and the rivet connection shows a tendency to decrease and then increase. The experimental research provides reference for the application of civil aircraft bushing repair technology.
Mechanism of Hydrogen Content on the Selective Oxidation of 1.49 Si-1.55 Mn High Strength QP Steel
Authors: Zhou Dayuan , Mi Zhenli
Published: April 2021

The galvanizing experiment of QP steel was carried out in two different concentrations of hydrogen content (5% and 15%) with the aim of revealing the mechanism of different hydrogen content on the selective oxidation of high strength QP steel. The morphology of oxide and inhibitory layer on the surface of steel plate was observed by SEM, and the distribution of alloying elements on the surface and coating was characterized by GDOES. The results show that higher hydrogen content makes the environment more reductive, changing the iron oxide on the surface into active iron that can react with liquid zinc. As a result, the enrichment of Si and Mn on the surface is generally reduced, the compactness of the inhibition layer is reduced, the exposed area of the steel plate surface becomes larger, and the amount of leakage decreases.
Experimental Research on Wind-Cooling Quenching of 20Mn2CrSi Steel
Authors: Fan Z.Y. , Li X.J. , Liang X. , Luo P. , Lin X.Y. , An W.C. , Sun L.Z. , Shi Y.Z. , Yang T. , Chen R.Z.
Published: April 2021

Compared to aluminum alloy wheels, steel wheels have been widely used in the automobile industry due to the low cost and high plasticity and toughness. In this report, wind-cooling quenching of the wheels made of 20Mn2CrSi steel is studied. The CCT curves of 20Mn2CrSi are firstly drawn based on the thermal expansion experiment. Then the samples with different thicknesses (4mm, 6mm, 11mm) are tested under air cooling and wind cooling conditions to find out their optimum transfer time of quenching, and the cooling rates of the surfaces and internal of the sample under wind-cooling condition. The Vickers hardness of the samples after wind-cooling quenching are also measured by a Vickers hardness meter. The results show that the cooling rate is slow when the air volume during cooling is 900m3/h, making the hardness of the samples fail to meet the use standard. Therefore, in order to improve the cooling rate and reduce the thermal stress and structural stress during quenching, water atomization quenching method is proposed, which can provide a certain reference value for the quenching process of 20Mn2CrSi steel wheels.
Dielectric properties of Ni and Nb doped CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics
Authors: Yu Yunfei , Wang Qun , Khan Waheed Qamar
Published: April 2021

CaCu2.8Nb0.2Ti4-xNixO12 (x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3) and CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics were successfully fabricated through the solid-state reaction method. All the samples were methodically examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), impedance and dielectric properties measurements. XRD analyses verified the constitution of a cubic perovskite structure with Im-3 space group. The average grain size of CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics reduced with Ni and Nb ions doping, especially decreased significantly with the increase of Ni content. Compared with un-doped CaCu3Ti4O12, Ni and Nb ions doped CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics presented greatly enhanced dielectric constant range from 102 Hz to 106 Hz, illustrating the Ni and Nb ions have great influence on improving the dielectric constant. The CaCu2.8Nb0.2Ti3.8Ni0.2O12 sample achieves the highest dielectric constant, possesses the lowest dielectric loss and acquires the largest grain boundary resistance in the doped samples. Therefore, it has optimal dielectric performance.
Aging of polyethylene thermoplastic liner exposed to sulfuric acid corrosive environments
Authors: Liu Chongyang , Tang Chenhuai , Wang Shenghui
Published: April 2021

Thermoplastics have been widely used as liners of pressure vessels and pressure pipes to improve corrosive resistance in recent years. During long-term use under complex circumstances of corrosive medium, high temperature and existence of oxygen, gradual aging of thermoplastic was often observed. However, the aging mechanism of thermoplastic under such complex condition is rarely reported. In this study, various methods such as dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile tests were performed to examine the aging mechanism of polyethylene (PE) liner used for different times under various temperatures and concentrations of acid. The results reveal that aging of liner material resulted from swelling due to exposure to acid in low concentrations during long-term use, which will result in surface damage, even leakage of acid and decrease in PE strength. Recrystallization under concentrations higher than 50% is observed, it is accompanied by increase in melting point (Tm), decomposition temperature, tensile strength and change of transparency. With further increase in acid concentration, change of molecular structure was observed in FTIR spectrums, which might be the result of oxidation, dehydrogenation and chain breaking induced by high concentration of acid.
Resonant photonic states of quasi one-dimensional photonic quantum well in a rectangular waveguide
Authors: Ai Yan , Jao Ruei-Fu , Lin Ming-Chieh
Published: April 2021

We have demonstrated a calculation of the resonant photonic states of quasi one dimensional photonic quantum well for the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes in a rectangular waveguide. The photonic crystal heterostuctures are composed of two different photonic crystals as (AB)m(CD)n(AB)m
. In order to solve the resonant photonic states, it is necessary to calculate the transmission functions of TE modes and TM modes. In this work, we consider the propagation of microwaves in photonic crystal heterostructures in our simulation model. The positions and number of the resonant photonic states can be adjusted by the widths of photonic quantum wells. The degenerate resonant photonic states are not existed for both the TE and TM modes, respectively. These results are useful applications in photonic quantum devices and nano technologies.
Adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of methylene blue on rice husk ash straw Composites
Authors: Liguang Xiao , Ke Sun
Published: April 2021

In this paper, corn straw in Jilin area was used as the base material, and the corn straw was modified by the alkaline solution system formed by urea trisodium phosphate sodium tetraborate, then the residue of rice husk burning in power plant was added. The rice husk ash / straw composite material was made by spin coating evaporation process, and the adsorption performance of methylene blue in wastewater was explored, and the linear regression analysis was carried out by Origin software The kinetic equation was obtained by regression fitting. The experimental results showed that: when the ratio of rice husk ash and straw was 1:2, the adsorption performance of methylene blue in wastewater was the highest, the adsorption rate was 96.3%, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 578.0mg/g; at the same time, it was found that the kinetic model was in line with the pseudo second order adsorption kinetic model, indicating that the adsorption process of methylene blue in wastewater by rice husk ash / straw composite was mainly chemical reaction.
Analyses of Burr and Exit Thrust Force of Ultrasonic-Assisted Micro-Drilling
Authors: Chen Guangjun , Xu Jinkai , Wang Jingdong , Wang Jiaqi , Yu Huadong
Published: April 2021

With the development trend of miniaturization of product production, ultrasonic assisted micro-drilling technology (UAMD) is more widely used in micro-hole processing due to its unique advantages. In this paper, the effect of 20 kHz harmonic vibration on the exit burr of micro-hole during UAMD has been studied. Based on the self-designed micro-hole drilling cell, a series of experiments have been carried out on the typical difficult-to-process material 30CrNiMo8. The experimental results show that compared with the conventional micro-drilling (CMD), the burr of the hole is well suppressed in the UAMD process, and the height of the burr is reduced by about 27.3 %. The manufactured micro-hole exit burr is relatively neat. While in CMD, the exit burr is deformed greatly, the fracture is obvious, and the exit thrust force is generally larger than that in UAMD.
Experimental Comparison of The Two Most Used Vehicle Sideslip Angle Estimation Methods for Model-Based Design Approach
Authors: Chindamo Daniel , Gadola Marco , Bonera Emanuele , Magri Paolo
Published: April 2021

Vehicle sideslip angle estimation is still one of the most challenging research topics in the automotive industry. Many papers can be found on this topic, where authors propose varied methods to reach the goal. Which is the most effective? After an extensive literature review, two very different methods have been identified as the most used: Extended Kalman Filter with dynamic model and Artificial Neural Network. In this work a comparison among these methods is presented. A fully instrumented car has been used to gather typical vehicle dynamics data and feed the models required for a model-based design approach. Results showed that each method has either positive aspects or drawbacks.
Frictional Loss Mechanism Due to Polygonal Winding Slip of Chain Type CVT
Authors: Nakai Yuichi , Obunai Kiyotaka , Okubo Kazuya , Hayakawa Junpei , Toyohara Kouhei , Muramatsu Takeshi
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of frictional loss due to polygonal winding slip on the gross energy loss of chain type CVTs. The frictional losses between rocker pins and link and that of rocker pins and pulley sheaves were investigated. It was found that the former was very low compared with gross energy loss, on the other hand, the later was relatively large compared with gross energy loss of CVT especially when driving torque was decreased, while the frictional loss was increased with increasing driving torque. This study found that remarkable about 26.5 % was remained as inevitable frictional loss due to polygonal winding slip of the current CVT.
Design of Dynamic Power-Supplying Rescue Implementation Strategy Based on the Common Route of Intelligent Electric Vehicles
Authors: Liu Xinlei , Zhang Yan , Yi Fengyan
Published: April 2021

In order to solve the problem of breaking down caused by the shortage of electric energy in intelligent electric vehicles, the dynamic power-supplying rescue implementation strategy based on the common route was designed. The detailed rescue request information of vehicles which needed electric energy were designed; The assessing procure for rescue ability of vehicles which received the rescue request was also designed. The rescue implementation strategy will make up for the mileage defect of intelligent electric vehicle to some extent, and will have very good application value.
Mechanism of Liquid Bridges Stretched out of a Liquid Bath
Authors: Wei Xiaofeng , Zou Jun
Published: April 2021

In the present paper, we investigate liquid bridges stretched out of a liquid bath. The liquid bridge is formed between a perfectly wetting rod and a liquid bath, and can be stretched vertically at a constant velocity. We record the results with a high-speed camera and analyze the stretching process before the rod stops at a maximum height. The stretching process is mainly controlled by two dimensionless parameters, namely the Froude number and the Ohnesorge number, respectively representing the influence of inertia forces and viscous forces. The profile development, the pinch-off phenomenon and the volume of extracted liquid are studied in detail, particularly on the influences of stretching velocities and liquid viscosities. Finally, we reveal the underlying mechanism using the dimensionless momentum equation.
Research on Resistance to External Pressure of Automobile Cover
Authors: Yang Y W , Fu W Z , Li M Z , Yang J
Published: April 2021

The forming process of automobile covers is relatively complicated, various defects often appear. Insufficient resistance to external pressure is one of them. To solve this problem, this paper proposes to increase a pre-stretching process before the stamping process. Through building a series of finite element models for an automobile cover forming process, the influence of different pre-stretching amounts on the thickness and resistance to external pressure are compared. Finally determine the appropriate pre-stretching amount.
Pilot Project of Autonomization of the Control System for a Newag 126N “Nevelo” Tram
Authors: Maciej Szkoda , Maciej Michnej , Aleksandra Lisowska , Maciej Paluch
Published: April 2021

Automation and autonomization are indispensable features of the modern economy, including transport. The use of artificial intelligence contributes significantly to increasing the quality of services provided. The use of autonomous control allows to reduce the impact of the risk connected with human factor, ensures reliability, continuity of supply and the possibility of fast, safe and timely movement of goods and people, and even has a positive effect on the environment. The topic of railway autonomy is constantly deepened, and more and more solutions related to it appear in the world. Semi-autonomous and fully autonomous vehicles are operated in Asian, American and European countries and even in Australia. In Europe, there are examples such as the Paris metro or AirRail Link in Great Britain, but also in Poland work has started on a project on autonomous tram control. The research was conducted in 2020 in Krakow, and the test results are presented in the article.
Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Fuzzy PID Controller for Stable Control of Active Magnetic Bearing System
Authors: Bo Wang , Haipeng Geng , Hao Li , Wei Zheng
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the application of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm based fuzzy PID control for the stable control of an active magnetic bearing (AMB) system is studied. Active magnetic bearings are known to be highly nonlinear multivariable systems. An AMB system is used in motors, turbines and various other machineries in different industries to provide an active suspension to the rotor shafts. The heuristic PSO algorithm is applied to optimize the parameters of the PID controller offline. The fuzzy PID controller based on PSO algorithm is designed to adjust the control parameters of AMB system online. The comparison of controlled responses of closed-loop systems resulting from the use of conventional PID, Incomplete differential PID and particle swarm optimization-based fuzzy logic PID control strategies is discussed. The proposed controller performance is superior as compared to PID and incomplete differential PID controllers in improving the system response of an AMB under normal conditions as well as under external disturbances.
Evaluation of MRAC based Adaptive Cruise Control for Semi-Autonomous Vehicle using Virtual Simulation Platform
Authors: Aparow Vimal Rau , Hoong Henry Siew Sheng
Published: April 2021

Autonomous vehicle is the topic where the automotive industry in the world is emphasizing. It has been a hot topic for the automotive manufacturer in the world in emphasizing Smart City for a safer city in the effort of reducing road accidents due to the mitigation of driver’s error and flaw in computerised auto-pilots. Semi-autonomous vehicles equipped of technologies such as Lane-Keep Assist (LKA), Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) are among the technological discussion topics in self-driving vehicle. This paper illustrates the technique to accomplish the design of an Adaptive Cruise Controller for passenger vehicle in longitudinal direction. The response of the vehicle model is verified using virtual simulation tool, IPG CarMaker. A design methodology of advance PID controller using Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) based PID technique is designed in this study to compare its performance against a conventional PID controller based on different road surface and various vehicle set speed.
Variation law of equivalent bending stiffness of steel-cored aluminum stranded wire under bending
Authors: Yang Jinhui , Xiong Hui , Yan Zhitao , Zha Yifan
Published: April 2021

Steel core aluminum stranded wire, its abbreviation is ACSR, is a classic multi-stranded wire composed of different materials. Many scholars have used static experiments to study the mechanical properties of steel wire rope structures[1]. In this paper the author use the finite element software ANSYS to carry out numerical simulation on the aluminum-scored steel-cored wire of model LGJ/JL/G1A-300/25, gain a more in-depth understanding of the bending rigidity of the aluminum-steel wire the numerical change law and internal reasons of the bending stiffness of the wire structure.
Study on Stress Characteristics of Multi-arch Tunnel Lining under Weak Surrounding Rock Conditions Based on Field Measurement
Authors: Du Yu , Wang Qiang , Xiao Shilai , Jiang Xinghong
Published: April 2021

Considering the complexity of stresses on multi-arch tunnel structures under conditions of shallow depth, unsymmetrical pressure and weak surrounding rocks and the actual geological exploration of the Xiaojian Mountain Multi-arch Tunnel, the cross-sections in strongly-weathered section were selected for embedment of monitoring and measurement equipment to monitor in real time the stress of support structures during tunnel construction. In addition, the finite difference software FLAC3D was adopted to study the surrounding rock deformation during the excavation of the multi-arch tunnel. As a result, the stress state and deformation characteristics of the support structures under unsymmetrical pressure and construction disturbance were obtained. Based on the analysis of monitoring data, it can be concluded that under conditions of shallow depth and unsymmetrical pressure, reduction of stress imbalance on the support structures is of utmost importance to the structural stability of a multi-arch tunnel and that the method of cross-validation between monitoring & measurement and numerical simulation enables more accurate analysis of stability of tunnel structure and better guidance for construction.
Review on the evaluation system of river regime change effect in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River
Authors: Yin Dacong , Lu Jinyou , Qu Geng
Published: April 2021

In recent years, obvious changes have taken place in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and some river regulation projects have gradually lost their original functions. Under the background of “great protection of the Yangtze River”, the rapid economic and social development along the Yangtze River and the continuous enhancement of ecological civilization construction put forward higher requirements for the Yangtze River governance research under the new situation. This paper systematically discusses the characteristics of various evaluation system research methods, introduces the main theories and advantages and disadvantages of AHP in detail, and selects flood control, shipping, beach, water resources utilization and water ecology as the evaluation indexes of APH, and summarizes the previous research results of each evaluation index under the condition of river regime change, so as to provide reference for the formulation and implementation of the control strategy of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Optimization provides theoretical support.
Spatial Coupling Analysis between Color Steel Buildings, Urban Hot Spot and Fire Point —a Case Study of Lanzhou
Authors: Gao Liya , Li Yikun , Yang Shuwen , Song He
Published: April 2021

As a typical product of the transitional stage of urban development, the color steel buildings (CSBs) are easy to cause fire, which is difficult to be extinguished effectively and quickly. This paper aims at the particularity of the geographic location of the CSBs and the lack of joint application with Point of Interest (POI) and fire points in the study of urban fire risk., this paper investigated the fire risk of Lanzhou city based on above three types of data acquired in 2017. The involved data were meshed by kernel density analysis and superposition analysis. Afterward, the pairwise spatial coupling relationship of the data were visualized by two-factor cartography, through which the condition of spatial coupling were obtained. The relationship between the obtained regions and urban fire risk was further compared. The research results show that CSBs and the POI Point are highly coupled with the fire locations of Lanzhou spatially. Thus, the joint application of the two factors can be effectively utilized to evaluate the fire risk in Lanzhou. The phenomena that the CSBs outnumbered the POI Points indicates that the corresponding areas are not well urbanized and have high incidence of fire.
Transport infrastructure problems and the formation of a sustainable logistics system of the city
Authors: Osipova T A , Kuznetsova A A
Published: April 2021

The article defines the principles of functioning and developing the structure of a multi-communication logistic system of a small city, which develops the level of intellectualization of a Smart City. A system of criteria for monitoring the transport and logistics system of the city is also proposed in order to increase the transparency and manageability of the city transport infrastructure.
Contemporary tools and approaches to urban shrinkage management
Authors: Markwart E , Degtyareva N
Published: April 2021

The paper deals with the issues of managing urban shrinkage, gives a brief description of the concept of urban shrinkage, notes the peculiarities of shrinkage in cities, as well as the shortcomings of the negative attitude to managed shrinkage from the policy and management system. Management tools of urban shrinkage in the Russian scientific and special literature have not been given due attention so far. The paper presents two approaches to the structuring of such tools, including the author’s one based on the development of the concept and program of managed shrinkage in the urban-type settlement of Nickel, Murmansk region. The necessity to perceive managed urban shrinkage as an investment project with its own payback and positive social effect is emphasized.
Mini solar water heating biodiesel plant by homogeneous catalyzing
Authors: Ratih Rakasiwi Rinjani , Syaifurrahman  , Gani Usman A
Published: April 2021

Biodiesel can be generated by the catalytic vegetable oil- transesterification at 45-60°C. The heat requirement for a reaction can be obtained from solar thermal energy. West Kalimantan is crossed by the Equator where the sun shines for 10-15 hours /day. Palm Oil Production reaches 2.2 million tons making biodiesel has great potential to be produced. Implementation from the ideas is mini plant technology with solar water heaters for biodiesel production. Solar water heaters as a source of thermal energy are used as heating fluid in reactor plant. This technology is simple, without the need for electrical energy, low operating costs and environmentally friendly. The purpose of this research is to produce biodiesel by using a homogeneous catalyst of 2% KOH in a mini biodiesel plant with solar water heaters. Solar heaters are designed flat which is capable of producing hot water at 60°C, consists of a heat collector and a water storage tank made of stainless steel and polystyrene as an insulator. Transesterification is carried out for 1 hour at 65°C using homogenous catalyst of 2% - KOH mass. The biodiesel yield obtained 83.42%, fulfills the requirements according to SNI in the Acid Number which is 0.42mg KOH/g and the Methyl Ester content is 99,07%.
Isomerization of Raw Turpentine for Cineole using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) : Influence of Acid Ratios and Residence Time
Authors: Almira Chairany Diva , Elka Yudhatama Nicolaus , Mufti Azis Muhammad , Indarto Antonius
Published: April 2021

Turpentine is a potential non-wood product from pine tree forest in Indonesia. Turpentine has a wide application in industry mainly as solvent. Isomerization of turpentine is an attractive route to obtain a higher value fine chemical such as cineole. Acid catalyst is often used for this purpose and screening of numerous combination of acid catalysts is often challenging. Therefore, an investigation of isomerization operating condition is important. The aim of present work is to investigate the influence of several acids ratios, and residence time. The raw turpentine was obtained from PT Perhutani Anugerah Kimia (PAK) Trenggalek, East Java. Here, we have investigated the influence of raw turpentine to acid catalyst ratios as well as residence time using central composite design (CCD) of 22 factorial design. In this work, the strong acid catalysts used is hydrochloric acid (HCl) and the weak acid catalysts is formic acid (HCOOH). The result from GC-MS analyses showed that isomerization of raw turpentine using combination of HCl and formic acid can produce cineole compound along with other valuable products such as camphene and limonene. Herein, we have reported the highest yield of cineole as high as 11.5% which is in close agreement with model prediction. It is expected that this work may provide a useful path for cineole production in a larger production scale.
Effects of Operating Conditions on the Production of Sodium Stearoyl 2- Lactylate
Authors: Handojo L , Shofinita D , Yuventia K , Lindawaty
Published: April 2021

Emulsifier is added in food products to maintain the shape of the food and stabilize it in an emulsion system. One of the emulsifiers commonly used in bread is sodium steroil-2-lactylate (SSL). SSL is the reaction product of stearic acid and lactic acid, with the addition of sodium hydroxide. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature, mole ratio, reaction time, and water vapor elimination in the manufacturing operation of SSL. The variations in this study include the composition ratio of stearic acid, lactic acid, and sodium hydroxide (2.2: 1: 1; 2.4: 1: 1; 2.6: 1: 1), as well as reaction conditions that include temperature (140-200 ° C) and reaction time (3-5 hours). The analysis showed that the acid and saponification values of SSL were inversely related to the increase in temperature and reaction time. The acid and saponification values of the products for the reaction with a mole ratio of 2.6: 1: 1 (lactic acid: stearic acid: NaOH) at 180° C and the reaction time of 5 hours show the lowest acid and saponification values, which were 150.96 mg KOH / g and 246.41 mg KOH / g, respectively. The reaction conversion was inversely proportional to the acid number with a conversion range of 61.73% - 67.79%.
Characterization of anti-scatter grids via a modulation transfer function improvement factor using an edge device
Authors: Maruyama Sho , Saito Hiroki , Shimosegawa Masayuki
Published: April 2021

In optimizing the imaging conditions, changes in image quality due to scattered radiation are important evaluation targets. This study focuses on the evaluation of the image quality improvement characteristics obtained using anti-scatter grids in digital x-ray imaging, and proposes a frequency-dependent modulation transfer function (MTF) improvement factor,

M
I

F

G

(
u
)

,

as a new evaluation index. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to clarify the validity and the usefulness of this proposed index in the performance evaluation of grids. The proposed

M
I

F

G

(
u
)

method is applied to evaluate several types of grids with different grid densities and ratios, and the characteristics of grids exhibiting different performances are examined. The proposed index is calculated based on the MTF measurement by using an edge test device. The results show that

M
I

F

G

(
u
)

changed according to grid type and scatter conditions. In particular, a remarkable difference was observed in the high scatter condition compared with the low condition.

M
I

F

G

(
u
)

in the vertical direction with regards to the absorbing strips shows a peak at 0.2–0.5 cycles/mm and be a constant value from approximately 1 cycle/mm; while

M
I

F

G

(
u
)

in the parallel direction is a constant value with respect to changes in spatial frequency. It is shown that

M
I

F

G

(
u
)

could be used to accurately describe the characteristics of a grid under different imaging conditions. We believe that the use of the proposed index could expand the options for optimizing imaging conditions when using grids.
Surface energy balance of snow cover in the Japanese Alps is similar to that in continental Alpine climates
Authors: Nishimura Motoshi , Sasaki Akihiko , Suzuki Keisuke
Published: April 2021

The dynamics of a seasonal snow cover in the temperate cryosphere are critical for discussing climate change and understanding Earth systems. The most basic information is the previously unknown surface energy balance of snow and ice that can describe the snow dynamics in Japanese Alps. We show the surface energy balance properties of seasonal snow cover in the Northern Japanese Alps: one is the net radiation controlling the surface energy balance variation, and the negative latent heat flux (sublimation). We found that the surface energy balance property in this region is similar to that in the continental climate region due to the specific climate of Japan (winter monsoon) and topographic conditions (steep elevation gradient) of the Japanese Alps. This is a novel finding because Japanese seasonal snow cover is thought to accumulate and ablate under a maritime climate. It has been reported that the sensitivity of snow ablation to global warming depends on current atmospheric conditions. The results offer vital context for discussing environmental changes in the temperate cryosphere and environment of the Japanese Alpine region.
The finiteness threshold width of lattice polytopes
Authors: Blanco M. , Haase C. , Hofmann J. , Santos F.
Published: April 2021

In each dimension

d
d

there is a constant

w
∞

(
d
)
∈

N

w^\infty (d)\in \mathbb {N}

such that for every

n
∈

N

n\in \mathbb {N}

all but finitely many lattice

d
d

-polytopes with

n
n

lattice points have lattice width at most

w
∞

(
d
)

w^\infty (d)

. We call

w
∞

(
d
)

w^\infty (d)

the finiteness threshold width in dimension

d
d

and show that

d
−
2
≤

w
∞

(
d
)
≤

O
∗

(

d

4

/

3

)

d-2 \le w^\infty (d)\le O^*\left ( d^{4/3}\right )

.

Blanco and Santos determined the value

w
∞

(
3
)
=
1

w^\infty (3)=1

. Here, we establish

w
∞

(
4
)
=
2

w^\infty (4)=2

. This implies, in particular, that there are only finitely many empty

4
4

-simplices of width larger than two. (This last statement was claimed by Barile et al. in [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 139 (2011), pp. 4247–4253], but we have found a gap in their proof.)

Our main tool is the study of

d
d

-dimensional lifts of hollow

(
d
−
1
)

(d-1)

-polytopes.
A generalized Faulhaber inequality, improved bracketing covers, and applications to discrepancy
Authors: Gnewuch Michael , Pasing Hendrik , Weiß Christian
Published: April 2021

We prove a generalized Faulhaber inequality to bound the sums of the

j
j

-th powers of the first

n
n

(possibly shifted) natural numbers. With the help of this inequality we are able to improve the known bounds for bracketing numbers of

d
d

-dimensional axis-parallel boxes anchored in

0
0

(or, put differently, of lower left orthants intersected with the

d
d

-dimensional unit cube

[
0
,
1

]
d

[0,1]^d

). We use these improved bracketing numbers to establish new bounds for the star-discrepancy of negatively dependent random point sets and its expectation. We apply our findings also to the weighted star-discrepancy.
Roots of Gårding hyperbolic polynomials
Authors: Rainer Armin
Published: April 2021

We explore the regularity of the roots of Gårding hyperbolic polynomials and real stable polynomials. As an application we obtain new regularity results of Sobolev type for the eigenvalues of Hermitian matrices and for the singular values of arbitrary matrices. These results are optimal among all Sobolev spaces.
Spatial proximity of proteins surrounding zyxin under force-bearing conditions
Authors: Cheah Joleen S. , Jacobs Kyle A. , Lai Tzu Wei , Caballelo Reca , Yee Jacqueline L. , Ueda Shuji , Heinrich Volkmar , Yamada Soichiro
Published: April 2021

Using a promiscuous biotin ligase, a unique set of force-sensitive proximal proteins surrounding zyxin was identified. Proximal biotinylation, therefore, can be used to detect potential force-sensitive protein interactions.
Thermodynamic modeling reveals widespread multivalent binding by RNA-binding proteins
Authors: Sohrabi-Jahromi Salma , Söding Johannes
Published: April 2021

Motivation

Understanding how proteins recognize their RNA targets is essential to elucidate regulatory processes in the cell. Many RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) form complexes or have multiple domains that allow them to bind to RNA in a multivalent, cooperative manner. They can thereby achieve higher specificity and affinity than proteins with a single RNA-binding domain. However, current approaches to de novo discovery of RNA binding motifs do not take multivalent binding into account.

Results

We present Bipartite Motif Finder (BMF), which is based on a thermodynamic model of RBPs with two cooperatively binding RNA-binding domains. We show that bivalent binding is a common strategy among RBPs, yielding higher affinity and sequence specificity. We furthermore illustrate that the spatial geometry between the binding sites can be learned from bound RNA sequences. These discovered bipartite motifs are consistent with previously known motifs and binding behaviors. Our results demonstrate the importance of multivalent binding for RNA-binding proteins and highlight the value of bipartite motif models in representing the multivalency of protein-RNA interactions.

Availability and implementation

BMF source code is available at https://github.com/soedinglab/bipartite_motif_finder under a GPL license. The BMF web server is accessible at https://bmf.soedinglab.org.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.