bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The KMOS Cluster Survey (KCS). II. The Effect of Environment on the Structural Properties of Massive Cluster Galaxies at Redshift 1.39 < z < 1.61*
Authors: Chan Jeffrey C. C. , Beifiori Alessandra , Saglia Roberto P. , Mendel J. Trevor , Stott John P. , Bender Ralf , Galametz Audrey , Wilman David J. , Cappellari Michele , Davies Roger L. , Houghton Ryan C. W. , Prichard Laura J. , Lewis Ian J. , Sharples Ray , Wegner Michael
Published: March 2018

We present results on the structural properties of massive passive galaxies in three clusters at 1.39 < z < 1.61 from the KMOS Cluster Survey. We measure light-weighted and mass-weighted sizes from optical and near-infrared Hubble Space Telescope imaging and spatially resolved stellar mass maps. The rest-frame R-band sizes of these galaxies are a factor of ∼2–3 smaller than their local counterparts. The slopes of the relation between the stellar mass and the light-weighted size are consistent with recent studies in clusters and the field. Their mass-weighted sizes are smaller than the rest-frame R-band sizes, with an average mass-weighted to light-weighted size ratio that varies between ∼0.45 and 0.8 among the clusters. We find that the median light-weighted size of the passive galaxies in the two more evolved clusters is ∼24% larger than that for field galaxies, independent of the use of circularized effective radii or semimajor axes. These two clusters also show a smaller size ratio than the less evolved cluster, which we investigate using color gradients to probe the underlying

gradients. The median color gradients are ∇z − H ∼ −0.4 mag dex−1, twice the local value. Using stellar populations models, these gradients are best reproduced by a combination of age and metallicity gradients. Our results favor the minor merger scenario as the dominant process responsible for the observed galaxy properties and the environmental differences at this redshift. The environmental differences support that clusters experience accelerated structural evolution compared to the field, likely via an epoch of enhanced minor merger activity during cluster assembly.
High-redshift Extremely Red Quasars in X-Rays
Authors: Goulding Andy D. , Zakamska Nadia L. , Alexandroff Rachael M. , Assef Roberto J. , Banerji Manda , Hamann Fred , Wylezalek Dominika , Brandt William N. , Greene Jenny E. , Lansbury George B. , Pâris Isabelle , Richards Gordon , Stern Daniel , Strauss Michael A.
Published: March 2018

Quasars may have played a key role in limiting the stellar mass of massive galaxies. Identifying those quasars in the process of removing star formation fuel from their hosts is an exciting ongoing challenge in extragalactic astronomy. In this paper, we present X-ray observations of 11 extremely red quasars (ERQs) with L
bol ∼ 1047 erg s−1 at z = 1.5–3.2 with evidence for high-velocity (v 

 1000 km s−1) [O iii] λ5007 outflows. X-rays allow us to directly probe circumnuclear obscuration and to measure the instantaneous accretion luminosity. We detect 10 out of 11 ERQs available in targeted and archival data. Using a combination of X-ray spectral fitting and hardness ratios, we find that all of the ERQs show signs of absorption in the X-rays with inferred column densities of N
H ≈ 1023 cm−2, including four Compton-thick candidates (N
H 

 1024 cm−2). We stack the X-ray emission of the seven weakly detected sources, measuring an average column density of N
H ∼ 8 × 1023 cm−2. The absorption-corrected (intrinsic) 2–10 keV X-ray luminosity of the stack is 2.7 × 1045 erg s−1, consistent with X-ray luminosities of type 1 quasars of the same infrared luminosity. Thus, we find that ERQs are a highly obscured, borderline Compton-thick population, and based on optical and infrared data we suggest that these objects are partially hidden by their own equatorial outflows. However, unlike some quasars with known outflows, ERQs do not appear to be intrinsically underluminous in X-rays for their bolometric luminosity. Our observations indicate that low X-rays are not necessary to enable some types of radiatively driven winds.
The Universe Is Reionizing at z ∼ 7: Bayesian Inference of the IGM Neutral Fraction Using Lyα Emission from Galaxies
Authors: Mason Charlotte A. , Treu Tommaso , Dijkstra Mark , Mesinger Andrei , Trenti Michele , Pentericci Laura , de Barros Stephane , Vanzella Eros
Published: March 2018

We present a new flexible Bayesian framework for directly inferring the fraction of neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium (IGM) during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR, z ∼ 6–10) from detections and non-detections of Lyman Alpha (Lyα) emission from Lyman Break galaxies (LBGs). Our framework combines sophisticated reionization simulations with empirical models of the interstellar medium (ISM) radiative transfer effects on Lyα. We assert that the Lyα line profile emerging from the ISM has an important impact on the resulting transmission of photons through the IGM, and that these line profiles depend on galaxy properties. We model this effect by considering the peak velocity offset of Lyα lines from host galaxies’ systemic redshifts, which are empirically correlated with UV luminosity and redshift (or halo mass at fixed redshift). We use our framework on the sample of LBGs presented in Pentericci et al. and infer a global neutral fraction at z ∼ 7 of

, consistent with other robust probes of the EoR and confirming that reionization is ongoing ∼700 Myr after the Big Bang. We show that using the full distribution of Lyα equivalent width detections and upper limits from LBGs places tighter constraints on the evolving IGM than the standard Lyα emitter fraction, and that larger samples are within reach of deep spectroscopic surveys of gravitationally lensed fields and James Webb Space Telescope NIRSpec.
Proper Motion of the Faint Star near KIC 8462852 (Boyajian's Star)—Not a Binary System
Authors: Clemens Dan P. , Maheshwari Kush , Jagani Roshan , Montgomery J. , Batal A. M. El , Ellis T. G. , Wright J. T.
Published: March 2018

A faint star located 2 arcsec from KIC 8462852 was discovered in Keck 10 m adaptive optics imaging in the JHK near-infrared (NIR) in 2014 by Boyajian et al. (2016). The closeness of the star to KIC 8462852 suggested that the two could constitute a binary, which might have implications for the cause of the brightness dips seen by Kepler and in ground-based optical studies. Here, NIR imaging in 2017 using the Mimir instrument resolved the pair and enabled measuring their separation. The faint star had moved 67 ± 7 milliarcsec (mas) relative to KIC 8462852 since 2014. The relative proper motion of the faint star is 23.9 ± 2.6 mas yr−1, for a tangential velocity of 45 ± 5 km s−1 if it is at the same 390 pc distance as KIC 8462852. Circular velocity at the 750 au current projected separation is 1.5 km s−1, hence the star pair cannot be bound.
A multi-gene phylogeny of Chlorophyllum (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota): new species, new combination and infrageneric classification
Authors: Ge Zai-Wei , Jacobs Adriaana , Vellinga Else C. , Sysouphanthong Phongeun , van der Walt Retha , Lavorato Carmine , An Yi-Feng , Yang Zhu L.
Published: March 2018

Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of Chlorophyllum were carried out on the basis of morphological differences and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Based on the phylogeny inferred from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the partial large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrLSU), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2) and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) sequences, six well-supported clades and 17 phylogenetic species are recognised. Within this phylogenetic framework and considering the diagnostic morphological characters, two new species, C.africanum and C.palaeotropicum, are described. In addition, a new infrageneric classification of Chlorophyllum is proposed, in which the genus is divided into six sections. One new combination is also made. This study provides a robust basis for a more detailed investigation of diversity and biogeography of Chlorophyllum.
Andersonoplatus, a new, remarkable leaf litter inhabiting genus of Monoplatina (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini)
Authors: Linzmeier Adelita M. , Konstantinov Alexander S.
Published: March 2018

Andersonoplatus, a new genus with 16 new species from Venezuela (A.andersoni,A.bechyneorum,A.castaneus,A.flavus,A.jolyi,A.laculata,A.lagunanegra,A.macubaji,A.merga,A.merida,A.microoculus,A.peck,A.rosalesi,A.sanare,A.saviniae) and Panama (A.baru), is described and illustrated. All the specimens were collected in leaf litter by R. Anderson and S. and J. Peck.Andersonoplatusis compared toAndersonalticaLinzmeier & Konstantinov,ApleuralticaBechyne,DistigmopteraBlake andUlricaScherer.
Orientações recebidas pelas gestantes no pré-natal acerca da amamentação/ Guidelines on breastfeeding received by pregnant women during prenatal care
Authors: Urbanetto Priscila Daniele Gonçalves , Gomes Giovana Calcagno , Costa Aline Rodrigues , Nobre Camila Magroski Goulart , Xavier Daiani Modernel , Silva Jéssica Gama da
Published: March 2018

O estudo teve como objetivo conhecer as orientações recebidas acerca da amamentação pelas gestantes no pré-natal. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo-exploratório, de cunho qualitativo. Participaram 11 mulheres que tiveram seus filhos em uma Unidade de Internação Obstétrica de um Hospital Universitário do Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e analisados pela técnica de Análise Temática, após aprovação do projeto no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Verificou-se que houve gestantes que não receberam informações durante o pré-natal, as que obtiveram foram acerca do preparo das mamas baseando-se apenas no aspecto biológico da amamentação. No entanto, as consideraram satisfatórias. Outras receberam informações somente no momento da hospitalização para o parto. O pré-natal é um período importante em que o enfermeiro deve dar apoio, fornecer informações necessárias para as gestantes e direcionar práticas que minimizem as dificuldades na amamentação como forma de instrumentalizá-las para o ato de amamentar e impedir o desmame precoce.
3D Skull Virtual Model, Based on CT or MRI Images, Used for Dentistry Simulations
Authors: Vatu Mihaela , Vintilă Daniela , Popa Dragos Laurentiu
Published: March 2018

In order, to understand the problems, which occur during the dentistry simulations, it was highly important to be acquainted with the anatomy of the human skull skeleton, the way these bone components are working together to achieve a normal functionality. In this respect CAD parametric software has been used as it allows to define models with a high degree of difficulty. First, the main bone components were defined by using CT images. These images were then transferred to a CAD software using different methods and techniques. These models were completed in SolidWorks where, step by step, the virtual model of the studied bone system has been defined. Using the direct measurement method on some skull components the virtual bone base elements were generated. Then, the virtual models were exported to a software for FEA simulation and prepared for every dentistry simulations. These models were tested and was generated the finite elements structure. In the end of the paper, were extracted interesting conclusions.
Human Upper Limb Experimental Analysis for Complex Motions Used in Robotics
Authors: Marin Mihnea , Popescu Dorin , Rusu Ligia , Copilusi Petre Cristian
Published: March 2018

In this paper an experimental research was performed in case of a human complex motion. The research aim was to evaluate the joint trajectories and angular variations of a human upper limb. Thus an experimental motion analysis was performed, by using a modern equipment called VICON Equipment and the interest joints are: shoulder, elbow and wrist. The experimental activity was developed on a human subject when perform a complex motion from baseball sport. The obtained results will be useful for the temporal recovery of the athletes’ complex motions after a severe injury or to reshape the upper arm behavior when strikes the ball in case of baseball athletes.
Combustion Characteristic of Diesel Engine Fueled by Biodiesel at Partial Load
Authors: Benea Bogdan Cornel
Published: March 2018

This paper investigated the performance and combustion characteristics of diesel engine fueled by biodiesel at partial load conditions. Experiments were made on a common-rail fuel injection diesel engine using mineral diesel and blends (6% and 10%) with biodiesel obtained from peanut oil and waste oil under various loads. The results shows that blend fuels have a significant impact on the engine’s brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) at partial load conditions. The BSFC increase for blends with the decrease of engine load. For BTE, the results show that the use of biodiesel results in a reduced thermal efficiency at lower engine loads and improved thermal efficiency at higher engine loads.
Study about the Influence of Two-Steps Sintering (TTS) Route for an Alloy Based on Titanium
Authors: Pascu Cristina Ileana , Gheorghe Stefan , Tărâţă Daniela Florentina , Nicolicescu Claudiu , Miriţoiu Cosmin Mihai
Published: March 2018

This paper describes the influence of two-steps sintering regime temperatures concerning the final properties of titanium hydride based alloy obtaining by Two-Steps Sintering (TTS) route, which is a method that is part of the Powder Metallurgy (PM) technology. The initial titanium hydride powder has been mixed with some metallic powders as: Alumix, Mn, Zr, Sn and graphite was added in different proportions for improving the final mechanical properties. The Two-Steps Sintering (TTS) route have been applied for obtaining a low-cost Ti- alloy. The effect of the sintering regime temperatures on the height and diameter shrinkages and density for these alloys based on titanium hydride powder was studied
Mechanical and Corrosion Tests on Iron-Based Reinforced Parts Obtained by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Didu Anca , Dumitru Violeta , Stanescu Gelica , Ploscaru Cristina
Published: March 2018

Samples from high compressibility powders (Ancorsteel 1000B) obtained by pressing at different pressures and sintering at 1150 °C, with (IPASW) and without spring steel wire (Φ = 0.5 mm) reinforcement (IPAS), coated and uncoated with zinc samples were selected for study of corrosion behaviour in salt spray and were subjected to mechanical tests (tensile strenght).
Analysis of Problems during 3D Printing Manufacturing Process
Authors: Marinescu Gabriel Cătălin , Stamin Ştefan , Tică Bebe , Duță Alina
Published: March 2018

The present paper approaches some of the main problems that appear during the 3D printing manufacturing process of polymer based objects. Printed parts are not always functional due to many possible faults that appear with the 3D printing process. The paper content briefly presents five of the most common problems noticed in polymer printing. The causes and eventual solutions are described based on several experimental tests. The purpose is to analyze the parameter changes that affect quality of printed parts and to give the solutions for avoiding losses during manufacturing.
Rolling with and without Slipping, during Epicycloids Generation
Authors: Popescu Iulian , Sass Ludmila , Romanescu Alina Elena
Published: March 2018

The starting point consists in the modality to generate epicycloids when two external circles are considered. The mobile circle is rolling on the fix circle without slipping, such as two arcs belonging to these circles are equal. The specialty literature presents an example with a simple planetary gear in which the “satellite porting” arm provides the rolling of the mobile circle on the fix circle. Our original idea, not approached in the specialty literature, considers the rolling with slipping of the mobile circle on the fix circle. Instead of the gears providing the rolling without slipping, two wheels with smooth surfaces are used now. The case when the two involved arc are no longer equal is analysed. Between them appear either frictions generating braking or “skating like” rolling when the lubricant layer is too thick. An analysis of the theoretical case when the slipping has a sense opposite to that of a normal rolling is also performer. A significant class of curves was obtained. Some are even epicycloids obtained with slipping, with other parameters.
Geometric Aesthetic Locus Generated by a Mechanism
Authors: Cherciu Mirela , Marghitu Dan B. , Popescu Iulian
Published: March 2018

It starts from an issue of locus that generates Rhodonea curves . It is found the equivalent mechanism, having two driving links and one dyad, RRT type, that generates series of curves with special aesthetic shapes. The process is useful in mechanical toys, at commercials where curves are generated successively on a screen, and in kinetic art. Numerous examples of curves are given.
Dynamic Analysis of Planetary Gear Reducer
Authors: Vintilă Daniela , Grigorie Laura Diana , Romanescu Alina Elena
Published: March 2018

This paper presents dynamic analysis of a three stage planetary gear reducer for operate a tower crane. Ordinary and planetary gears have been designed respecting the coaxial, neighboring and mounting conditions. Harmonic analysis has been processed to identify frequency response for displacements, strains and deformations. The aim of the study was to determine critical frequencies to avoid mechanical resonance phenomenon. The obtained results are based on the superposition method for solving the systems of differential equations resulting from the analysis with finite elements.
Cam Mechanism Design for a Human Leg Exoskeleton
Authors: Dumitru Nicolae , Copilusi Petre Cristian , Ciurezu Leonard
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study is to design and correlate, from theoretical aspects, a mathematical model for virtual prototyping of an actuation system from an exoskeleton human ankle joint. This model is a part of the virtual and experimental prototype from a mechatronic system for locomotion rehabilitation in case of disabled persons. Experimental tests were performed on a group of persons without locomotion deficiencies in order to obtain the pattern curve for cam mechanism design and also to validate the proposed prototype. The obtained database was also used to develop geometrical kinematic synthesis of the exoskeleton actuation mechanisms for other joints such as hip and knee.
Characterization of controlled landfill leachate from the city of Guaratinguetá - SP, Brazil
Authors: Peixoto André Luis de Castro , Salazar Rodrigo Fernando dos Santos , Barboza Jayne Carlos de Souza , Izário Filho Hélcio José
Published: March 2018

This research evaluated the physicochemical parameters of a leachate sample from a controlled landfill in the city of Guaratinguetá-SP. The evaluation was conducted using spectrometric and spectrophotometric methods in order to assess the formation of persistent compounds. The selection of parameters was based on the CETESB Article 18 and CONAMA 357/05 Article 34, as well as organic characterization methods, such as FTIR, NMR (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and APT), GC-MS, molar mass distribution and elemental analysis (CHN). Chemical and physical stability were also verified. The ammoniacal nitrogen concentration is 20 times greater than tolerance limit established by law (20 mg L-1). The Ba and Ni presented concentrations above those permitted by the legislation (CETESB Article 18 and CONAMA 357/05 Article 34). Those values of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) were 1013 mg L-1 and 286 mg L-1, respectively. It was not possible to determine the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of slurry sample. In this sense, the biodegradability parameter for the slurry studied was Non-Determinable (ND), indicating that the organic matter of the slurry studied is recalcitrant. Recalcitrant humic substances of landfill leachate the present low polydispersity. These refractory acids play a detached role in carrying pollutants in the environment with regard to carrying toxic metals and pesticides.  Finally, it was possible to verify that the humic acids’ complexing capacity indicates that hydroxyl and carboxyl groups may exist in larger quantities than the nitrogen and sulfur groups. Further, the high content of metals may indicate that the waste was not properly separated.
Evaluation of the effects of bio stabilised waste on soil in terms of heavy metal accumulation and leaching
Authors: Lombardi Francesco , Costa Giulia , Di Lonardo Maria Chiara , Lieto Alessio
Published: March 2018

This work evaluated and compared potential impacts related to the accumulation and/or release of heavy metals resulting from the application of different types of stabilized waste to soil. Namely, the following three types of flows were considered: waste produced by aerobic bio-stabilization of municipal solid waste at a Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) plant, and compost produced either from aerobic composting or from a combination of anaerobic and aerobic biodegradation processes. After a preliminary characterization of the materials (organic matter content, volatile solid, and heavy metals content), heavy metal accumulation in soil caused by possible long-term application of these organic materials was evaluated by implementing a discretized mass balance based on the total content of the heavy metals in each type of solid matrix investigated. In addition, results of percolation leaching tests performed on each type of material were presented and discussed. Results highlight that although the total content of heavy metals of the three types of materials differed considerably, with the MBT waste presenting the highest concentrations, the results of the leaching percolation tests were quite similar.
Exploration of PM2.5 sources on the regional scale in the Pearl River Delta based on ME-2 modeling
Authors: Huang Xiao-Feng , Zou Bei-Bing , He Ling-Yan , Hu Min , Prévôt André S. H. , Zhang Yuan-Hang
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The Pearl River Delta (PRD) of China, which has a population of more than 58 million people, is one of the largest agglomerations of cities in the world and ever experienced severe PM2.5 pollution at the beginning of this century. Due to the implementation of strong pollution control in recent decades, PM2.5 in the PRD has continuously decreased to relatively lower levels in China. To comprehensively understand the current PM2.5 sources in the PRD to support future air pollution control strategy in similar regions, we performed regional-scale PM2.5 field observations coupled with a state-of-the-art source apportionment model at six sites in four seasons in 2015. The regional annual average PM2.5 concentration was determined to be 37 μg/m3, which is still more than three times the WHO standard, with organic matter (36.9 %) and SO4−2 (23.6 %) as the most abundant species. A novel multilinear engine (ME-2) model was then applied to the PM2.5 dataset in the PRD to perform source apportionment with predetermined constraints, which produced more environmentally meaningful results compared to those obtained using traditional positive matrix factorization (PMF) modeling. The regional annual average PM2.5 source structure was retrieved to be secondary sulfate (21 %), vehicle emissions (14 %), industrial emissions (13 %), secondary nitrate (11 %), biomass burning(11 %), secondary organic aerosol (SOA, 7 %), coal burning (6 %), fugitive dust (5 %), ship emissions (3 %) and aged sea salt (2 %). Analyzing the spatial distribution of PM2.5 sources under different weather conditions clearly identified the central PRD area as the key emission area for SO2, NOx, coal burning, biomass burning, industrial emissions and vehicle emissions. It was further estimated that under the polluted northerly air flow in winter, local emissions in the central PRD area accounted for approximately 45 % of the total PM2.5, with secondary nitrate and biomass burning being most abundant; in contrast, the regional transport from outside the PRD accounted for more than half of PM2.5, with secondary sulfate representing the most abundant transported species.
Averaging Bias Correction for the Future Space-borne Methane
IPDA Lidar Mission MERLIN
Authors: Tellier Yoann , Pierangelo Clémence , Wirth Martin , Gibert Fabien , Marnas Fabien
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The CNES/DLR project MERLIN is a future IPDA lidar satellite mission that aims at measuring methane dry-air mixing ratio columns (XCH4) in order to improve surface flux estimates of this key greenhouse gas. To reach a 1 % relative random error on XCH4 measurements, MERLIN signal processing performs an averaging of data over 50 km along the satellite trajectory. This article discusses how to process this horizontal averaging in order to avoid the bias caused by the non-linearity of the measurement equation with measurements affected by random noise and horizontal geophysical variability. Three averaging schemes are presented: averaging of columns of XCH4, averaging of columns of Differential Absorption Optical Depth (DAOD) and averaging of signals. The three schemes are affected both by statistical and geophysical biases that are discussed and compared and correction algorithms are developed for the three schemes. These algorithms are tested and their biases are compared on modeled scenes from real satellite data. To achieve the accuracy requirements that are limited to 0.2 % relative systematic error (for a reference value of 1780 ppb), we recommend performing the averaging of signals corrected from the statistical bias due to the measurement noise and from the geophysical bias mainly due to variations of methane optical depth and surface reflectivity along the averaging track. The proposed method is compliant with the mission relative systematic error requirements dedicated to averaging algorithms of 0.07 % (± 1 ppb for XCH4 = 1780 ppb) for all tested scenes and all tested ground reflectivity values.
Potential relevance of Mortierella alpina as a source of ice nucleating particles in soil
Authors: Conen Franz , Yakutin Mikhail V.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Soil organic matter carries ice nucleating particles (INP) of which the origin is hard to define and that are active at slight supercooling. The discovery and characterisation of INP produced by the widespread soil fungus Mortierella alpina permits a more targeted investigation of the likely origin of INP in soils. We searched for INP with characteristics similar to those reported for M. alpina (INPM-like) in 20 soil samples from four areas in the northern midlatitudes and one area in the tropics. In the 15 samples where we could detect INPM-like, they constituted between 1 and 94 % (median 11 %) of all INP active at −10 °C or warmer associated with soil particles
Northern Hemisphere Surface Freeze/Thaw Product from Aquarius L-band Radiometers
Authors: Prince Michael , Roy Alexandre , Brucker Ludovic , Royer Alain , Kim Youngwook , Zhao Tianjie
Published: March 2018

Abstract. In the Northern Hemisphere, seasonal changes in surface freeze/thaw (FT) cycle are an important component of surface energy, hydrological and eco-biogeochemical processes that must be accurately monitored. This paper presents the weekly polar-gridded Aquarius passive L-Band surface freeze/thaw product (FT-AP) distributed on the Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid version 2.0, above the parallel 50° N, with a spatial resolution of 36 km x 36 km. The FT-AP classification algorithm is based on a seasonal threshold approach using the normalized polarization ration, references for frozen and thawed conditions and optimized thresholds. To evaluate the uncertainties of the product, we compared it with another satellite FT product also derived from passive microwave observations but at higher frequency: the resampled 37 GHz FT Earth Science Data Record (FT-ESDR). The assessment was carried out during the overlapping period between 2011 and 2014. Results show that 77.1 % of their common grid cells have an agreement better than 80 %. Their differences vary with land cover type (tundra, forest and open land) and freezing and thawing periods. The best agreement is obtained during the thawing transition and over forest areas, with differences between product mean freeze or thaw onsets of under 0.4 weeks. Over tundra, FT-AP tends to detect freeze onset 2–5 weeks earlier than FT-ESDR, likely due to FT sensitivity to the different frequencies used. Analysis with mean surface air temperature time series from six in situ meteorological stations shows that the main discrepancies between FT-AP and FT-ESDR are related to false frozen retrievals in summer for some regions with FT-AP. The Aquarius product is distributed by the U.S. National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) at https://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0736/versions/1 with the doi:10.5067/OV4R18NL3BQR.
Technical Note: Deciphering the Hydrologic Response of Riverbeds
across Changes in Recharge with Electrical Resistivity Imaging
Authors: Koehn Weston J. , Tucker-Kulesza Stacey E. , Steward David R.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The fluxes between groundwater and surface water play a significant role in quantifying water balance along stream reaches to continent scales. Changes in these dynamics are occurring due to aquifer depletion, where river flow from predevelopment baseflow conditions with groundwater to surface water have evolved to enhanced recharge through streambeds of ephemeral flows to groundwater. This problem is studied along the Arkansas River in Western Kansas across a stream reach that transitions from near equilibrium of fluxes to a losing river that contributes recharge to a depleting High Plains Aquifer. Existing hydrologic data illustrates the lack of understanding they provide related to the control of fluxes exerted by alluvial deposits. We employ electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) along this river transect to elucidate the intricate pathways of hydrologic connectivity existing between the Arkansas River and underlying Arkansas Alluvial and Ogallala Aquifers. Time-lapse ERI profiles quantify the temporal changes in resistivity across the riverbed, and these changes are associated with the distribution of soil physical properties and hydrologic conditions below the water-sediment interface. Results utilize a recently discovered vadose zone property whereby fine grained inclusions may become revealed by their different water holding capacity relative to that of a surrounding matrix of coarser grained soil across changes in recharge (caused by changes in stream discharge). These findings corroborate the role of large-scale geologic features in maintaining streamflow in regions of near-surface impermeable layers, and the localized recharge that occurs to the High Plains Aquifer through embedded assemblages of fine and coarse grained soils.
Wind tunnel study on power and loads optimization of two
yaw-controlled model wind turbines
Authors: Bartl Jan , Mühle Franz , Sætran Lars
Published: March 2018

Abstract. In this experimental wind tunnel study the effects of intentional yaw misalignment on the power production and loads of a downstream turbine are investigated for full and partial wake overlap situations. Power, thrust force and yaw moment are measured on both the upstream and downstream turbine. The influence of inflow turbulence level and streamwise turbine separation distance are analyzed for full wake overlap situations. For partial wake overlap the concept of downstream turbine yawing for yaw moment mitigation is examined for different lateral offset positions. Results indicate that upstream turbine yaw misalignment is able to increase the combined power production of the two turbines for both partial and full wake overlap setups. For aligned turbine setups the combined power is increased between 3.5 % and 11 % depending on the inflow turbulence level and turbine separation distance. The increase in combined power is at the expense of increased yaw moments on both upstream and downstream turbine. For partial wake overlap situations, yaw moments on the downstream turbine can be mitigated through upstream turbine yawing, while simultaneously increasing the combined power production. A final test case demonstrates the concept of opposed downstream turbine yawing in partial wake situations, which is shown to reduce its yaw moments and increasing its power production by up to 5 %.
Modificaciones estructurales en cooperativas. La transformación de una cooperativa en sociedad limitada y la determinación del momento del cálculo y del importe de los fondos a reintegrar. Un caso práctico
Authors: Crespín García Miguel Ángel , Fruet Cardozo Juan Vicente
Published: March 2018

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo dar claridad a la problemática que surge al realizar la transformación de una sociedad cooperativa en sociedad limitada, en cuanto al momento del cálculo e importe de fondos a reintegrar. Se presenta un caso práctico del proceso de transformación de una sociedad cooperativa en una sociedad limitada, donde se analiza, además del proceso mencionado, la problemática práctica que surge en su desarrollo. Al final del mismo se incluyen las conclusiones sobre el procedimiento.
Rheological behaviour of chocolate at different temperatures
Authors: Kumbár Vojtěch , Nedomová Šárka , Ondruší­ková Sylvie , Polcar Adam
Published: March 2018

The rheological behaviour of the chocolate at different temperatures was studied using a concentric cylinder viscometer with precision small samples adapter, temperature sensor and standard spindle. BIO chocolate (100% organic cocoa) has been used for the whole types of experiments. At the first, the range of temperature has been chosen 36 °C, 38 °C, 40 °C, 42 °C, and 44 °C. The shear deformation rate was established from the 0.1 s-1 up to 68 s-1. Rheological behaviour was non-Newtonian (plastic) with inconsiderable yield stress in all temperatures. The chocolate unambiguously demonstrated plastic behaviour and flow curves were fitted by the power law model (Herschel-Bulkley model), Bingham model, and Casson model with taking into account the coefficient of determination R2. The obtained results of rheological behaviour of chocolate can be best described as Casson fluid. Exactly coefficients of models can be used for modelling of flow velocity, volume flow, friction factor, Reynolds number, two dimensional and three dimensional velocity profiles and much more for flow in the real technical elements e.g. pipes, trough, tubes. Finally, temperature dependence of apparent viscosity of chocolate was also continuously measured in the range from 35 °C up to 62 °C. The apparent viscosity decreased in the temperature range. This decrease was fitted using power law equation. The knowledge of the plastic flow behaviour of chocolate is very important, because it is not quite common flow behaviour of foodstuffs.
Bacteria and yeasts isolated from different grape varieties
Authors: Kačániová Miroslava , Terentjeva Margarita , Felsöciová Soňa , Ivanišová Eva , Kunová Simona , Žiarovská Jana , Kluz Maciej , Hanus Pawel , Puchalski Czeslaw , Kántor Attila
Published: March 2018

The aim of this study was to isolate and identify bacteria and yeasts in different grape samples. The samples were collected in September 2017. Used 13 grape samples in this study (9 white and 4 red) were from the local Slovak winemakers. Alibernet, Irsai Oliver, Dornfelder, Blue Frankish, Feteasca regala, Green Veltliner, Pálava, Mūller Thurgau, Rhinriesling, Cabernet Savignon, Pinot Blanc, Savignon Blanc and Welschriesling. Two cultivation media were used for detection of bacteri and yeasts in grape samples. Malt extract agar base (MEA) and Tryptone Soay agar (TSA) were used for the cultivation of bacteria and yeasts. Cultivation was performed by spread plate method. Ethanol/formic acid extraction procedure was used for preparation of samples. MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometer (Microflex LT/SH) (Bruker Daltonics, Germany) was used for identification of bacteria and yeasts. In total, 8 genera of yeasts, 8 genera of Gram-negative bacteria and 10 of Gram-positive bacteria were identified. Together 333 isolates, yeasts, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were identified.
Biogenic amines content in the fermented asian food in the Czech Republic
Authors: Pleva Pavel , Cabáková Veronika , Butor Irena , Pachlová Vendula , Buňková Leona
Published: March 2018

The aim of this work was to study the typical fermented Asian food (miso paste, soy sauce, rice vinegar, kimchi and tempeh) to monitor their microbial quality and presence of biogenic amines in relation to time and temperature of storage. This study is focused on microbiological research in order to determinate presence of selected indicator groups of microorganisms during storage of individual products at three different temperatures, 8 °C, 23 °C, 30 °C. It was found that the highest increase of total viable counts was observed in products stored in 23 °C and 30 °C, especially in tempeh and miso paste. In soy sauce and rice vinegar were observed only very low amounts of microorganisms through the storage period. In the second part of the experiment, the biogenic amines were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. It was found that the levels of biogenic amines in tested products were low and does not affect human health.
Study on the meat isotopic composition for origin identification
Authors: Chernukha Irina , Yurchak Zoya , Kuzmina Elena
Published: March 2018

Russian consumer and governmental authorities are equally concerned to know where food products come from. This requires more accurate and specialized methods for the evaluation of geographical location. The following methods are used: chemometrics, histological and histochemical, genomic and proteomic, microbiological, immunochemical and mass spectrometric. Method of stable isotope analysis is becoming increasingly promising nowadays for the identification of meat and meat products' place of origin. The isotope ratios of the four elements - carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen, are mainly determined. The method is successfully used to identify a country of origin of wines, juices and water. The aim of the research was to study the stable isotope ratios for pork and beef samples purchased in Moscow supermarkets (Russian Federation). The country of production of meat samples was determined according to specifications and/or labels. The geography of countries of meat samples origin includes Europe, both America continents and Australia. Databases collected by the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of the Brewing, Non-Alcoholic and Wine Industrywere used for the analysis and interpretation of the results. Values of 13Ð¡/12Ð¡, δ13Ð¡, 18О/16О, δ18О, 2Ð/1Ð, δ2Ð for 30 pork and beef samples from 13 countries were obtained. Differences in stable isotope ratios were found depending on place of origin. The data correlated with the oxygen isotope characteristics for wine, which were in the range from 2.5 to 4.5 ppm. According to the 13Ð¡/12Ð¡, δ13Ð¡ results, the assumption was made about a false indication of the region for the beef sample. Despite the fact that beef was labeled as a product of Lithuania, the region of origin was most probably defined as Germany. The studies carried out showed the possibility to identify the region of raw meat origin by the stable isotope ratio.
The Impact of Celebrity Endorsement on Brand Knowledge: A Comparative Study in Mauritius
Authors: Ladkoo Adjnu Damar , Ismael Fatmah Bibi Amina
Published: March 2018

Celebrity Endorsement, a tool used by several organisations, has today helped to attract customers so as to build a stronger image. Charisma, achievements and ethical actions are some of the traits of good endorsers. This paper is an effort to establish the relationship between Celebrity Endorsement and Brand Knowledge. This research considered two big brands in the sports apparel industry – Adidas and Nike. The aim was to determine whether there was a difference in the Brand Knowledge of Adidas and Nike consumers when impacted by Celebrity Endorsement. For this purpose, the Brand Knowledge of the respondents was assessed as well as how the latter perceived celebrity endorsers. This study adopted a quantitative survey methodology by distributing digital questionnaires. The study revealed that there was a relationship between Celebrity Endorsement and Brand Knowledge and also, although no significant difference in the Brand Knowledge of Nike and Adidas consumers was recorded earlier, however, when impacted by Celebrity Endorsement, their Brand Knowledge differed. The paper contributes to the creation of knowledge such as understanding the complexity and impacts of Celebrity Endorsement in more depths. Managers of Nike and Adidas could use this knowledge to enhance their endorsement strategies. While previous research focused on other impacts of Celebrity Endorsement, this paper attempted to shed light in an unexplored area.
Oral-Fluid Thiol-Detection Test Identifies Underlying Active Periodontal Disease Not Detected by the Visual Awake Examination
Authors: Queck Katherine E. , Chapman Angela , Herzog Leslie J. , Shell-Martin Tamara , Burgess-Cassler Anthony , McClure George David
Published: March 2018

Periodontal disease in dogs is highly prevalent but can only be accurately diagnosed by performing an anesthetized oral examination with periodontal probing and dental radiography. In this study, 114 dogs had a visual awake examination of the oral cavity and were administered an oral-fluid thiol-detection test prior to undergoing a a full-mouth anesthetized oral examination and digital dental radiographs. The results show the visual awake examination underestimated the presence and severity of active periodontal disease. The thiol-detection test was superior to the visual awake examination at detecting the presence and severity of active periodontal disease and was an indicator of progression toward alveolar bone loss. The thiol-detection test detected active periodontal disease at early stages of development, before any visual cues were present, indicating the need for intervention to prevent periodontal bone loss. Early detection is important because without intervention, dogs with gingivitis (active periodontal disease) progress to irreversible periodontal bone loss (stage 2+). As suggested in the current AAHA guidelines, a thiol-detection test administered in conjunction with the visual awake examination during routine wellness examinations facilitates veterinarian-client communication and mitigates under-diagnosis of periodontal disease and underutilization of dental services. The thiol-detection test can be used to monitor the periodontal health status of the conscious patient during follow-up examinations based on disease severity.
Combination of Bleomycin and Cytosine Arabinoside Chemotherapy for Relapsed Canine Lymphoma
Authors: Batschinski Karen , Dervisis Nikolaos , Kitchell Barbara , Newman Rebecca , Erfourth Todd
Published: March 2018

A retrospective study was performed to evaluate response rate, time to progression, and toxicity of a bleomycin and cytosine arabinoside (Bleo/Cytarabine) combination protocol for dogs with relapsed lymphoma (LSA). Dogs diagnosed with LSA and previously treated with chemotherapy were included in the study. A total of 20 dogs met the inclusion criteria, and 19 were evaluable for response. Bleomycin was administered subcutaneously on days 1 and 8 and cytosine arabinoside was administered subcutaneously on days 1–5 of a 21-day cycle. The median number of chemotherapy drugs given prior to the administration of Bleo/Cytarabine was 8.5. A total of 23 cycles of Bleo/Cytarabine were administered. The overall response rate was 36.8% (7 of 19 dogs had a partial response). The median time to progression was 15 days. Three dogs developed grade 3 thrombocytopenia and one dog had a grade 4 neutropenia. Bleo/Cytarabine had minor activity when used as a rescue therapy for pretreated LSA patients.
The Opinions of Administrators about In-Service Training Related to the Administration and Investigation
Authors: Demirel İhsan Nuri
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study is to determine the opinions of administrators of National Education Directiorate, School Directors and Vice-school Directors about the in-service activities and the system of in-service training programs related to work security. Moreover, it is investigated the level of the knowledge whether in-service training ignores professional diseases, the participant of in-service trainees are aware of the difference between the participation and success certificates that they deserved at the end of the training and there is a lost of expectations on the trainees related to prove the gainings that they got through the training. To determine the knowledge level of the administrators on in-service training related to administration and investigation, they were given a data obtaining tool including knowledge about in-service training.  The sample of the research consists of 30 school directors and 75 vice school directors, total 105 administrators working in different schools of Ağrı National Education Directoriate. According to the findings of the research, it is seen that the administrators answered the questions including the knowledge on in-service training in changing rates.  At the end of the research, it is realized that the administrators were qualified with the rates between 29% and 53% about the in-service training related to administration and investigation.
The need and availability of support systems for physicians involved in a serious adverse event
Authors: Leferink Esther H.M. , Bos Aline , Heringa Martijn P. , Rensen Elizabeth L.J. van , Zwart Dorien L.M.
Published: March 2018

Objective: Serious adverse events occur in healthcare, and do not solely have consequences for patients (first victims), but also affect physicians involved (second victims). These second victims experience diminished emotional well-being and less professional performance. An increasing number of hospitals organize support for second victims, although scientific evidence on the kind of support that is expected and needed is poor. This study therefore investigates support needs after serious adverse events from both personal (physicians) and organizational (quality and safety staff members) perspectives.Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews in a Dutch university medical center. Physicians (N = 19) who had been directly involved in a serious adverse event participated. In addition, quality and safety staff members (N = 3) reflected on the support needs as expressed by physicians. Verbatim transcripts were three-fold coded, which led to several themes for our inductive thematic analysis.Results: Contrary to recent developments in healthcare organizations, participants did not plea for a hospital-wide support team. Acceptance of the emotional and professional impact of an adverse event by direct colleagues and supervisors is more important. Where such a cultural context is provided, physicians prefer support of a close and reliable colleague to cope with emotions and doubts, a supervisor who monitors recovery, and a healthcare organization that provides information about required procedures to learn from the events. However, this ideal was seldom found in the competitive working environment. This underlines the need for a shift from a competitive professional culture into a more supportive one.Conclusions: Ideally, direct colleagues support each other after an adverse event. This form of collegial support can only be successful if there is general acceptance of healthcare professionals’ vulnerability and their support needs within the direct working environment. To create the right circumstances to meet these support needs, both healthcare professionals and hospital organizations have to recognize and take their responsibilities.