bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Hospital Building’s Energy Consumption Prediction Using Artificial Neural Networks, ANFIS, and LSTM Network
Authors: Panagiotou Dimitrios K. , Dounis Anastasios I.
Published: September 2022

Since accurate load forecasting plays an important role in the improvisation of buildings and as described in EU’s “Green Deal”, financial resources saved through improvisation of the efficiency of buildings with social importance such as hospitals, will be the funds to support their mission, the social impact of load forecasting is significant. In the present paper, eight different machine learning predictors will be examined for the short-term load forecasting of a hospital’s facility building. The challenge is to qualify the most suitable predictors for the abovementioned task, which is beneficial for an in-depth study on accurate predictors’ applications in Intelligent Energy Management Systems (IEMS). Three Artificial Neural Networks using a backpropagation algorithm, three Artificial Neural Networks using metaheuristic optimization algorithms for training, an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), and a Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) network were tested using timeseries generated from a simulated healthcare facility. ANFIS and backpropagation-based trained models outperformed all other models since they both deal well with complex nonlinear problems. LSTM also performed adequately. The models trained with metaheuristic algorithms demonstrated poor performance.
Development of a Process Control System for the Production of High-Paraffin Oil
Authors: Ilyushin Yury V.
Published: September 2022

This work is aimed at developing methods for increasing the production of heavy crude oil while optimizing energy costs. Various methods have been studied for recovering heavy oil from deep reservoirs. Based on the developed methods, a number of dynamic models have been obtained that describe the behavior of the temperature field in the tubing. Estimations of thermal deformation are carried out. On the basis of dynamic models, fundamentally new devices are obtained and registered in the prescribed manner, providing a subsystem for automated process control systems.
Application of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle (SPM-NP) Heating in Wax Removal during Crude Oil Pipeline Pigging
Authors: Zhang Hanqing , Li Huiyuan , Li Weidong , Wang Jianguang , Wang Wenda , Zhang Yongjuan , Teng Lin , Yin Pengbo , Huang Xin
Published: September 2022

Mechanical pigging is a major wax removal technique in crude oil pipeline transportation. To lower the risk of pig stalling accidents in pigging, a superparamagnetic nanoparticle (SPM-NP) pigging system that consists of an electromagnetic pig and nanopaint is designed to soften the wax deposit and reduce the wax resistive force. During pigging, the induction coil on the pig generates an alternating magnetic field, which induces heat production of the nanopaint on the pipe wall. The COMSOL software is used to simulate the temperature distribution of the wax layer. Yield stress measurements reveal that the wax layer yield stress is nearly linearly correlated to temperature. Compared with a regular pig, the SPM-NP pigging system reduces the wax resistive force by up to 20~40%, with an acceptable electrical current intensity of about 20 A in the given cases. Multiple factors affecting the wax layer temperature were analyzed. SPM-NP heating could be a promising technique for wax remediation and hydrate prevention.
Advances in High-Order Sensitivity Analysis for Uncertainty Quantification and Reduction in Nuclear Energy Systems
Authors: Cacuci Dan Gabriel
Published: September 2022

The computational models of physical systems comprise parameters, independent and dependent variables [...]
An Optimized Solution for Fault Detection and Location in Underground Cables Based on Traveling Waves
Authors: Tariq Rizwan , Alhamrouni Ibrahim , Rehman Ateeq Ur , Tag Eldin Elsayed , Shafiq Muhammad , Ghamry Nivin A. , Hamam Habib
Published: September 2022

Faults in the power system affect the reliability, safety, and stability. Power-distribution systems are familiar with the different faults that can damage the overall performance of the entire system, from which they need to be effectively cleared. Underground power systems are more complex and require extra accuracy in fault detection and location for optimum fault management. Slow processing and the unavailability of a protection zone for relay coordination are concerns in fault detection and location, as these reduce the performance of power-protection systems. In this regard, this article proposes an optimized solution for a fault detection and location framework for underground cables based on a discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The proposed model supports area detection, the identification of faulty sections, and fault location. To overcome the abovementioned facts, we optimize the relay coordination for the overcurrent and timing relays. The proposed protection zone has two sequential stages for the current and time at which it optimizes the current and time settings of the connected relays through Newton–Raphson analysis (NRA). Moreover, the traveling times for the DWT are modeled, which relate to the protection zone provided by the relay coordination, and the faulty line that is identified as the relay protection is not overlapped. The model was tested for 132 kV/11 kV and 16-node networks for underground cables, and the obtained results show that the proposed model can detect and locate the cable’s faults speedily, as it detects the fault in 0.01 s, and at the accurate location. MATLAB/Simulink (DigSILENT Toolbox) is used to establish the underground network for fault location and detection.
Comprehensive Comparison of Hybrid Cooling of Thermal Power Generation with Airside Serial and Parallel Heat Exchange
Authors: Huang Qian , Zhi Yifan , Zhang Rongyong , Wei Huimin , Xu Lei
Published: September 2022

Natural draft hybrid cooling (NDHC) for thermal power generating units is proposed to achieve a balance of energy and water consumption for arid areas. This study examines the two main design forms of hybrid cooling with airside in serial and parallel heat exchange based on the same tower shell and heat transfer areas. Taking full consideration of the thermal cycle of the power generating unit, simplified simulation models for different cooling systems are established to show the influences of ambient conditions and marketing factors. Results show that both the hybrid cooling designs have a better cooling efficiency than either dry cooling or wet cooling. Expanded inlet areas of hybrid cooling in the parallel heat exchange design bring high heat transfer performance. As for the serial design, the higher temperature of the air at the outlet of the dry section maintains a larger airside mass flow rate, obtaining a high-efficient cooling system. The hybrid cooling in the serial design type relies more on the heat transfer performance of the wet section and is more sensible to ambient humidity, while the performance of hybrid cooling in the parallel design mainly depends on the dry section and is more easily affected by ambient temperature. Considering the unit cost variations of coal and water treatment, hybrid cooling in the parallel design has a wider range of applications compared with the serial design. With the growth in coal cost, there exist more benefits with the serial design.
Compliance with Corporate Governance Principles by Energy Companies Compared with All Companies Listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange
Authors: Szczepankiewicz Elżbieta Izabela , Błażyńska Joanna , Zaleska Beata , Ullah Farid , Loopesko Windham Eugene
Published: September 2022

Disclosure of non-financial information, especially regarding corporate governance (CG), is an important element of companies’ communication with their stakeholders. This paper sets out to define—from a theoretical and practical perspective—the scope of CG reporting in Polish fuel, gas, and energy (“energy”) companies required under EU directives and national regulations. The paper presents the results of a study investigating whether and to what extent annual corporate governance statements (CGSs) prepared by energy companies, compared with other companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE-LCs), are consistent with “Best Practices for WSE-LCs 2016” (BPs for WSE-LCs). The study group consisted of energy companies submitting their 2017–2020 reports, as well as other companies listed on the WSE, as a comparative group (i.e., a total of 179 reports). We used a monographic method to study theoretical problems and annual CGSs and performed a critical review of the literature, as well as comparative, content, and descriptive analyses. The analysed CGSs helped answer the following question: to what extent do energy companies and other WSE-LCs pursue the CG rules specified in BPs for WSE-LCs? The results indicate that such companies follow various approaches to CG disclosures and reporting obligations. However, what truly matters is not the legal obligation itself, but rather the companies’ social responsibility for maintaining good relations with their stakeholders. The paper will contribute to CG studies, because no Polish theorist has so far analysed CG disclosures in annual non-financial reports. The paper fills a research gap in information on adherence to best practices in CG disclosures in CGSs of all WSE-LCs. The study presents conclusions of CG disclosures by energy companies, which can provide the basis for further research in other sectors.
Real-Time Methane Prediction in Underground Longwall Coal Mining Using AI
Authors: Demirkan Doga Cagdas , Duzgun H. Sebnem , Juganda Aditya , Brune Jurgen , Bogin Gregory
Published: September 2022

Detecting the formation of explosive methane–air mixtures in a longwall face is still a challenging task. Even though atmospheric monitoring systems and computational fluid dynamics modeling are utilized to inspect methane concentrations, they are not sufficient as a warning system in critical regions, such as near cutting drums, in real-time. The long short-term memory algorithm has been established to predict and manage explosive gas zones in longwall mining operations before explosions happen. This paper introduces a novel methodology with an artificial intelligence algorithm, namely, modified long short-term memory, to detect the formation of explosive methane–air mixtures in the longwall face and identify possible explosive gas accumulations prior to them becoming hazards. The algorithm was trained and tested based on CFD model outputs for six locations of the shearer for similar locations and operational conditions of the cutting machine. Results show that the algorithm can predict explosive gas zones in 3D with overall accuracies ranging from 87.9% to 92.4% for different settings; output predictions took two minutes after measurement data were fed into the algorithm. It was found that faster and more prominent coverage of accurate real-time explosive gas accumulation predictions are possible using the proposed algorithm compared to computational fluid dynamics and atmospheric monitoring systems.
Energy Consumption Prediction and Analysis for Electric Vehicles: A Hybrid Approach
Authors: Mediouni Hamza , Ezzouhri Amal , Charouh Zakaria , El Harouri Khadija , El Hani Soumia , Ghogho Mounir
Published: September 2022

Range anxiety remains one of the main hurdles to the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). To mitigate this issue, accurate energy consumption prediction is required. In this study, a hybrid approach is proposed toward this objective by taking into account driving behavior, road conditions, natural environment, and additional weight. The main components of the EV were simulated using physical and equation-based models. A rich synthetic dataset illustrating different driving scenarios was then constructed. Real-world data were also collected using a city car. A machine learning model was built to relate the mechanical power to the electric power. The proposed predictive method achieved an R2 of 0.99 on test synthetic data and an R2 of 0.98 on real-world data. Furthermore, the instantaneous regenerative braking power efficiency as a function of the deceleration level was also investigated in this study.
A Comparison of the Exergy Efficiencies of Various Heat-Integrated Distillation Columns
Authors: Javed Areej , Hassan Afaq , Babar Muhammad , Azhar Umair , Riaz Asim , Mujahid Rana , Ahmad Tausif , Mubashir Muhammad , Lim Hooi Ren , Show Pau Loke , Khoo Kuan Shiong
Published: September 2022

Distillation has relatively low thermodynamic efficiency, so it is a prime target for process intensification studies. The current research aims to study exergy losses in various heat-integrated distillation columns. A conventional industrial-scale i-butane/n-butane fractionator has been selected as a case study for the comparison of the performances of various heat-integrated designs. The Aspen Plus® process simulator is used to perform steady-state simulations and exergy analyses of the conventional distillation column (CDC), internally heat-integrated distillation column (iHIDiC), externally heat-integrated double distillation columns (EHIDDiC), and vapor recompression (VRC) systems. The results of these exergy analyses show that a modified VRC system (ηE = 10.69%) is the most efficient design for this separation. The exergy efficiency of the conventional VRC system is the same as that of the CDC (ηE = 9.27%). The EHIDDiC system (ηE = 9.77%) is somewhat better than the CDC, whereas iHIDiC shows poor exergy efficiency (ηE = 8.09%), even lower than the CDC.
Insectivorous Bats in Eastern Mediterranean Planted Pine Forests—Effects of Forest Structure on Foraging Activity, Diversity, and Implications for Management Practices
Authors: Allegrini Claudia , Korine Carmi , Krasnov Boris R.
Published: September 2022

Bats are primarily forest mammals and forest structure may affect their communities through the level of vegetation clutter. Pine plantations are typically even-aged managed forests that lack structural complexity. However, an understory layer can enhance the heterogeneity of these forests, making them suitable for several animal taxa. We hypothesized that species composition, richness, and foraging activity of insectivorous bats in pine plantations vary according to forest structure, specifically with the density of the understory. We measured pine density, Diameter at Breast Height (DBH), canopy closure, and vegetation cover of 29 pine (Pinus halepensis) plantations of the Judean Lowlands, Israel, and collected acoustic data on resident bats. We found that bat species richness and total activity increased in forests with large tree DBH and dense shrubs. Cluttered-habitat species foraged preferentially in forests with large tree DBH and high pine density, while open-habitat species preferred forests with well-developed canopies and dense shrubs. Pipistrellus pipistrellus and Eptesicus serotinus foraged in mature forests with well-developed bushes and these species are endangered in Israel. We conclude that mature planted pine forests with a well-developed under-canopy are suitable foraging grounds for insectivorous bats. Management plans for planted pine forests should consider our findings to support bat populations, including rare and endangered species.
A Study on Properties of Charcoal Producing from Alien Tree Species: Cinnamomum burmannii
Authors: Fu Chuen-Hsu , Lin Jiunn-Cheng , Liu Ling-Chung , Wang Shwu-Hwa , Lin Yu-Jen
Published: September 2022

To reduce waste of woody resources and to implement the circular economy for resource recovery, this research aims to test and analyze the basic properties of charcoal from earthen kiln-burned alien tree species, Cinnamomum Burnmannii, similar to Taiwan’s native Cinnamomum Osmophloeum but a threat to native tree growth. The charcoal production is not for urban energy consumption, but what for develop multi-function value-added products using charcoal various characteristics. The study results showed that the average yield of three-times-burned charcoal in an earthen kiln was 14.7%, the ash 5.96%, gross heating value 6745 kcal/kg, lower heating value 6610 kcal/kg, volatile matter 4.88%, fixed carbon 80.71%, specific surface area (BET) 426.4 m2/g, and pH 9.14. Overall, the Cinnamomum burmannii charcoal burned in this study displayed alkaline, with a high BET value and good adsorption capacity, which contributes to the development of value-added products for removing odors in the air and impurities in water, thus expanding the scope of application of Cinnamomum burmannii and its value creation, minimizing waste, and implementing the concept of the circular economy for resource recovery. In addition, the carbon conservation rate through the burning of Cinnamomum burmannii charcoal can reach 24.11%, reducing the emission of carbon dioxide and achieving positive impacts on environmental carbon reduction.
Correction: Cantamessa et al. The Environmental Impact of Poplar Stand Management: A Life Cycle Assessment Study of Different Scenarios. Forests 2022, 13, 464
Authors: Cantamessa Simone , Rosso Laura , Giorcelli Achille , Chiarabaglio Pier Mario
Published: September 2022

The authors wish to make the following corrections to their paper [...]
A Preliminary Study on the Effects of Nitrite Exposure on Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress, and Immune-Related Responses in Pearl Gentian Grouper
Authors: Zhang Hongzhi , Fang Dan , Mei Jun , Xie Jing , Qiu Weiqiang
Published: September 2022

Nitrite represents one of the most typical contaminants in aqueous species. The research was conducted to evaluate the impacts of nitrite exposure on the survival, gill morphology, hematological parameters, immune response, and meat flavor of pearl gentian grouper. The fish were exposed to 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg/L of nitrite for 96 h (note: N-0, N-5, N-10, and N-20 indicate nitrite concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg/L, respectively). The blood, gills, and muscles were collected from fish to determine hematological parameters, immune response, oxidative stress, and meat flavor after 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, and 96 h of exposure. The data showed that the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cortisol (COR), malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and free amino acids (FAAs) contents were significantly increased, while the glutathione (GSH), immunoglobulin M (IgM), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lysozyme (LZM) contents were remarkably declined in the N-20 group after 72 h of exposure. In gills, exposure to the higher concentrations of nitrite resulted in the proliferation and hypertrophy of epithelial cells of gill lamellae, as well as an increase in mucous cells. In addition, all fish in the N-10 and N-20 groups died after 96 h of exposure. Our findings suggested that exposure to higher concentrations of nitrite disrupted blood physiology and oxidative stress, leading to dysfunction in the pearl gentian grouper.
The Influence of Mitral Valve Asymmetry for an Improved Choice of Valve Repair or Replacement
Authors: Collia Dario , Pedrizzetti Gianni
Published: September 2022

The study of valve asymmetry represents an important avenue for modern cardiac surgery. The correct choice of leaflet reconstruction may indicate a new path in the quality and long-term survival of patients. A systematic investigation was performed with a total of 25 numerical simulations using a healthy ventricle and an ideal valve with varying degrees of valve asymmetry. An overall assessment is made in terms of vorticity, kinetic energy, dissipated energy, and hemodynamic forces. The results indicate that the optimal asymmetry to consider for a valve repair or prosthetic design is between 0.2 and 0.4 with an optimal point of about 0.3. Out of this range, the heart is subjected to an excessive workload, which can only worsen the patient’s state of health.
Rational Solitons in the Gardner-Like Models
Authors: Pelinovsky Efim , Talipova Tatiana , Didenkulova Ekaterina
Published: September 2022

Rational solutions of nonlinear evolution equations are considered in the literature as a mathematical image of rogue waves, which are anomalously large waves that occur for a short time. In this work, bounded rational solutions of Gardner-type equations (the extended Korteweg-de Vries equation), when a nonlinear term can be represented as a sum of several terms with arbitrary powers (not necessarily integer ones), are found. It is shown that such solutions describe first-order algebraic solitons, kinks, and pyramidal and table-top solitons. Analytical solutions are obtained for the Gardner equation with two nonlinear terms, the powers of which differ by a factor of 2. In other cases, the solutions are obtained numerically. Gardner-type equations occur in the description of nonlinear wave dynamics in a fluid layer with continuous or multilayer stratification, as well as in multicomponent plasma, and their solutions are used for the interpretation of rogue waves.
Adaptive Neural Network Finite-Time Control of Uncertain Fractional-Order Systems with Unknown Dead-Zone Fault via Command Filter
Authors: Deng Xiongfeng , Wei Lisheng
Published: September 2022

In this paper, the adaptive finite-time control problem for fractional-order systems with uncertainties and unknown dead-zone fault was studied by combining a fractional-order command filter, radial basis function neural network, and Nussbaum gain function technique. First, the fractional-order command filter-based backstepping control method is applied to avoid the computational complexity problem existing in the conventional recursive procedure, where the fractional-order command filter is introduced to obtain the filter signals and their fractional-order derivatives. Second, the radial basis function neural network is used to handle the uncertain nonlinear functions in the recursive design step. Third, the Nussbaum gain function technique is considered to handle the unknown control gain caused by the unknown dead-zone fault. Moreover, by introducing the compensating signal into the control law design, the virtual control law, adaptive laws, and the adaptive neural network finite-time control law are constructed to ensure that all signals associated with the closed-loop system are bounded in finite time and that the tracking error can converge to a small neighborhood of origin in finite time. Finally, the validity of the proposed control law is confirmed by providing simulation cases.
MYOZ1 Gene Promotes Muscle Growth and Development in Meat Ducks
Authors: Zhou Tingting , Wu Yijing , Bi Yulin , Bai Hao , Jiang Yong , Chen Guohong , Chang Guobin , Wang Zhixiu
Published: September 2022

To explore the effect of MYOZ1 in the muscle growth and development of meat ducks, MYOZ1 single-nucleotide polymorphism loci were screened at the DNA level in the meat duck population with highest and lowest feed conversion rates. The expression of MYOZ1 was detected using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression of MYOZ1 was detected using Western blotting at the protein level. The results showed that there was a base mutation site at 30 bp and 158 bp in the fourth exon of MYOZ1, which was mutated from C to T (exon4 C30T) and from G to A (exon4 G158A), respectively. The allele frequency of the locus was significantly different between the high and low feed conversion rate groups (p < 0.01). The relative expression of MYOZ1 mRNA in breast muscle tissue of HF ducks was significantly higher than that of LF ducks (p < 0.01). The MYOZ1 protein expression of HF ducks was significantly higher than that of LF ducks (p < 0.01). In general, MYOZ1 has a positive regulatory effect on the muscle growth and development of meat ducks. The results of this study lay a certain theoretical basis for the muscle growth and development of meat ducks.
Comprehensive In Silico Characterization and Expression Pro-Filing of DA1/DAR Family Genes in Brassica rapa
Authors: Karamat Umer , Yang Rui , Ren Yuhong , Lu Yin , Li Na , Zhao Jianjun
Published: September 2022

The DA1/DAR family genes have been shown to play important roles in regulating organ size and plant biomass in the model plant Arabidopsis and several crops. However, this family has not been characterized in Brassica rapa (B. rapa). In this study, we identified 17 DA1&DAR genes from B. rapa. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these genes are classified into four groups. Structural and motif analysis of BrDA1&DARs discovered that the genes within the same group have similar exon-intron structures and share an equal number of conserved motifs except for BrDAR6.3 from group IV, which contains two conserved motifs. Cis-regulatory elements identified four phytohormones (Salicylic acid, Abscisic acid, Gibberellin, and auxin) and three major abiotic (Light, Low temperature, and drought) responsive elements. Further, six br-miRNAs named br-miR164a, br-miR164b, br-miR164c, br-miR164d, br-miRN360, and br-miRN366 were found which target BrDAR6.1, BrDA1.4, and BrDA1.5. BrDA1&DAR genes were highly expressed in stem, root, silique, flower, leaf, and callus tissues. Moreover, qRT-PCR analyses indicated that some of these genes were responsive to abiotic stresses or phytohormone treatments. Our findings provide a foundation for further genetic and physiological studies of BrDA1&DARs in B. rapa.
Senescent Fibroblasts Generate a CAF Phenotype through the Stat3 Pathway
Authors: Li Hao , Qiu Lei , Liu Qing , Ma Zelong , Xie Xiaoli , Luo Ying , Wu Xiaoming
Published: September 2022

Aging has been recently reported to promote lung cancer initiation and progression. Senescent fibroblasts gain a cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotype, and exert a powerful influence on cancer behavior, such as tumor cell growth and metastasis. However, mechanisms linking fibroblast senescence with CAF activation remain poorly understood. Our study shows that senescent fibroblasts displayed CAF properties, including the highly expressed CAF markers, α-SMA and Vimentin, and CAF-specific factors, CXCL12, FGF10, IL6 and COL1A1, which significantly increased collagen contractile activity and promoted the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells, H1299 and A549. We were further able to show that CAF characteristics in senescent fibroblasts could be regulated by the Stat3 pathway. Intracellular ROS accumulation activates the Stat3 pathway during senescence. Thus, our findings indicate that senescent fibroblasts mediate a CAF function with the Stat3 pathway. We further propose a novel Stat3 dependent targetable mechanism, which is instrumental in mediating the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells.
Estimation of Complex-Trait Prediction Accuracy from the Different Holo-Omics Interaction Models
Authors: Qadri Qamar Raza , Zhao Qingbo , Lai Xueshuang , Zhang Zhenyang , Zhao Wei , Pan Yuchun , Wang Qishan
Published: September 2022

Statistical models play a significant role in designing competent breeding programs related to complex traits. Recently; the holo-omics framework has been productively utilized in trait prediction; but it contains many complexities. Therefore; it is desirable to establish prediction accuracy while combining the host’s genome and microbiome data. Several methods can be used to combine the two data in the model and study their effectiveness by estimating the prediction accuracy. We validate our holo-omics interaction models with analysis from two publicly available datasets and compare them with genomic and microbiome prediction models. We illustrate that the holo-omics interactive models achieved the highest prediction accuracy in ten out of eleven traits. In particular; the holo-omics interaction matrix estimated using the Hadamard product displayed the highest accuracy in nine out of eleven traits, with the direct holo-omics model and microbiome model showing the highest prediction accuracy in the remaining two traits. We conclude that comparing prediction accuracy in different traits using real data showed important intuitions into the holo-omics architecture of complex traits.
Hip Osteoarthritis and the Risk of Lacunar Stroke: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Shen Yi , Li Fuju , Cao Lina , Wang Yunyun , Xiao Jing , Zhou Xiaoyi , Tian Tian
Published: September 2022

Whether hip osteoarthritis (OA) could increase the risk of lacunar stroke (LS) is not well understood. This two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study aimed to investigate in depth the effect of genetically predicted hip OA on LS risk. Hip OA-related instrumental variables (IVs) were selected from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 393,873 individuals. The summary data of LS were obtained from a GWAS meta-analysis, including 16,030 cases and 248,929 controls. We used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) as the primary MR analysis method. Moreover, the weighted-median, MR-Egger regression, and the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test were supplementary methods. The sensitivity analysis was performed using the leave-one-out test. We identified the positive causal relationship between hip OA and the risk of LS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07, 1.36; p = 0.002 using the IVW method). The weighted median method provided similar results. There was no evidence of directed pleiotropy, and sensitivity analysis results were stable, suggesting the robustness of our study. This study showed a causal effect of hip OA on the risk of LS, and more efforts should be made to explore the potential mechanisms in the future.
Crosstalk between Hypoxia and Extracellular Matrix in the Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Cancer
Authors: Dekker Yasmin , Le Dévédec Sylvia E. , Danen Erik H. J. , Liu Qiuyu
Published: September 2022

Even though breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer among women, treatments are not always successful in preventing its progression. Recent studies suggest that hypoxia and the extracellular matrix (ECM) are important in altering cell metabolism and tumor metastasis. Therefore, the aim of this review is to study the crosstalk between hypoxia and the ECM and to assess their impact on breast cancer progression. The findings indicate that hypoxic signaling engages multiple mechanisms that directly contribute to ECM remodeling, ultimately increasing breast cancer aggressiveness. Second, hypoxia and the ECM cooperate to alter different aspects of cell metabolism. They mutually enhance aerobic glycolysis through upregulation of glucose transport, glycolytic enzymes, and by regulating intracellular pH. Both alter lipid and amino acid metabolism by stimulating lipid and amino acid uptake and synthesis, thereby providing the tumor with additional energy for growth and metastasis. Third, YAP/TAZ signaling is not merely regulated by the tumor microenvironment and cell metabolism, but it also regulates it primarily through its target c-Myc. Taken together, this review provides a better understanding of the crosstalk between hypoxia and the ECM in breast cancer. Additionally, it points to a role for the YAP/TAZ mechanotransduction pathway as an important link between hypoxia and the ECM in the tumor microenvironment, driving breast cancer progression.
The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Spirobolus bungii (Diplopoda, Spirobolidae): The First Sequence for the Genus Spirobolus
Authors: Xu Hanmei , Fang Yu , Cao Guohua , Shen Caiqin , Liu Hongyi , Ruan Honghua
Published: September 2022

Millipedes (Diplopoda) comprise one of the most important groups of large soil arthropods in terrestrial ecosystems; however, their phylogenetic relationships are poorly understood. Herein, the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Spirobolus bungii was sequenced and annotated, which was 14,879 bp in size and included 37 typical mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs)). Most of the 13 PCGs had ATN (AT/A/T/G) as the start codon except for COX1, which used CGA, and most PCGs ended with the T end codon. By comparing the gene arrangements of the mitogenomes among Diplopoda species, rearrangement occurred between and within orders. In contrast to Narceus annularus, the mitogenome genes of S. bungii had consistent orders but were transcribed in completely opposite directions, which was a novel finding in Spirobolidae. Moreover, the phylogenetic relationships within Diplopoda, which were based on the sequences of 13 PCGs, showed that S. bungii was clustered with N. annularus, followed by Abacion magmun. This indicated that there might be a close relationship between Callipodida and Spirobolida. These results could contribute to further studies on the genetics and evolutionary processes of S. bungii and other Diplopoda species.
Resource Screening and Inheritance Analysis of Fusarium oxysporum sp. conglutinans Race 2 Resistance in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)
Authors: Tong Long , Zhao Cunbao , Liu Jinhui , Yang Limei , Zhuang Mu , Zhang Yangyong , Wang Yong , Ji Jialei , Kuang Bifeng , Tang Kelan , Fang Zhiyuan , Fujimoto Ryo , Lv Honghao
Published: September 2022

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) Fusarium wilt (CFW) is a disease that poses a critical threat to global cabbage production. Screening for resistant resources in order to support the breeding of resistant cultivars is the most reliable approach to control this disease. CFW is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans (Foc), which consists of two physiological races (race 1 and 2). While many studies have focused on resistance screening, gene mining, and inheritance-based research associated with resistance to Foc race 1, there have been few studies specifically analyzing resistance to Foc race 2, which is a potential threat that can overcome type A resistance. Here, 166 cabbage resources collected from around the world were evaluated for the resistance to both Foc races, with 46.99% and 38.55% of these cabbage lines being resistant to Foc race 1 and race 2, respectively, whereas 33.74% and 48.80% were susceptible to these two respective races. Of these 166 analyzed cabbage lines, 114 (68.67%) were found to be more susceptible to race 2 than to race 1, and 28 of them were resistant to race 1 while susceptible to race 2, underscoring the highly aggressive nature of Foc race 2. To analyze the inheritance of Foc race 2 resistance, segregated populations derived from the resistant parental line ‘Badger Inbred 16’ and the susceptible one ‘01-20’ were analyzed with a major gene plus polygene mixed genetic model. The results of this analysis revealed Foc race 2-specific resistance to be under the control of two pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic major genes plus multiple additive-dominant-epistatic genes (model E). The heritability of these major genes in the BC1P1, BC1P2, and F2 generations were 32.14%, 72.80%, and 70.64%, respectively. In summary, these results may aid in future gene mining and breeding of novel CFW-resistant cabbage cultivars.
Influence of Saline Pore Fluid on Soil Behavior during Evaporation
Authors: Suchan Jared , Azam Shahid
Published: September 2022

Saline conditions govern soil behavior during evaporation, thereby affecting the water budget in semi-arid regions. This research examined the effects of saline pore fluid on soil behavior during evaporation. The results indicated volumetric reductions of about 5% for silty sand and about 15% for lean clay. The evaporative flux for silty sand decreased from 26 mg/m2∙s to 22 mg/m2∙s in StageII, remained at a constant flux in StageIII, and decreased to 13 mg/m2∙s in StageIV. The air entry and residual suction values were found to be 5 kPa and 100 kPa, respectively, and the total suction of about 5000 kPa merged with matric suction near the Stage II/Stage III boundary. The swell–shrink curve (SSC) was J-shaped with the only void ratio decrease in Stage II. In contrast, the evaporative flux for lean clay decreased from 30 mg/m2∙s to 15 mg/m2∙s in StageII, to 10 mg/m2∙s in StageIII, and then to 5 mg/m2∙s in StageIV. The air entry and residual suction values were 5 kPa and 2000 kPa, respectively, and the total suction during Stage II and Stage III ranged from 1000 kPa to 6000 kPa, with an average value of 3500 kPa. The SSC showed a major void ratio decrease in Stage II, marginal decrease in Stage III, and no decrease in Stage IV. Under high demand, the evaporative flux for silty sand was constant at 180 mg/m2∙s in StageIII and decreased to 50 mg/m2∙s in Stage IV, whereas it decreased for the lean clay from 230 mg/m2∙s to 145 mg/m2∙s in StageII, to 95 mg/m2∙s in StageIII, and then to 25 mg/m2∙s in StageIV. For both soils, the total water loss was found to be six times higher than that under low demand.
Biological Deterioration of an Inca Monument at High Altitude in the Andean Range: A Case Study from Ingapirca’s Temple of the Sun (Ecuador)
Authors: Yarzábal Luis Andrés , Buela Lenys , de los Ríos Asunción , Peláez Diana , Romero Martha , Espinoza Fernando , Torres Alisson Samantha , Medina Gina Maritza , Landi Jaqueline Gabriela , Tapia Marco Vinicio
Published: September 2022

Scientific studies concerning the causes and consequences of the biodeterioration of stone monuments located at high altitudes in permanently cold, mountainous regions are scarce. For that reason, this study aimed to detect and identify the bacteria involved in the deterioration of this type of monument. To achieve this goal, we focused on the most important archeological Inca site in the Ecuadorian Andes: Ingapirca’s Temple of the Sun, built approximately 500 years ago at 3.100 m.a.s.l. We first examined the stone surfaces of the temple by scanning electron microscopy and showed the detrimental impact on the mineral structure of the green andesite mineral used to build the temple, caused by crustose lichen thalli and heterotrophic bacteria. Then, we isolated, characterized, and identified several of these bacteria. Most of them multiplied at a wide range of temperatures, from 4 °C to 30 °C, and were thus considered eurypsychrophiles. Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria species dominated the culturable fraction of this community. Several isolates produced metabolites that solubilized mineral phosphates at low temperatures; others solubilized iron-containing mineral fractions in the green andesite rock when tested in vitro. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report related to the biodeterioration of an Inca monument at such an altitude in the Andes range.
Profiling Analysis of Filter Feeder Polypedilum (Chironomidae) Gut Contents Using eDNA Metabarcoding Following Contrasting Habitat Types—Weir and Stream
Authors: Rangaswamy Boobal , Ji Chang Woo , Kim Won-Seok , Park Jae-Won , Kim Yong Jun , Kwak Ihn-Sil
Published: September 2022

We analyzed the dietary composition of Polypedilum larvae among two contrasting habitats (river and weir). Our approach was (i) to apply eDNA-based sampling to reveal the gut content of the chironomid larvae, (ii) the diversity of gut contents in the two aquatic habitats, and (iii) assessment of habitat sediment condition with the food sources in the gut. The most abundant food was Chlorophyta in the gut of the river (20%) and weir (39%) chironomids. The average ratio of fungi, protozoa, and zooplankton in river chironomids gut was 5.9%, 7.2%, and 3.8%, while it was found decreased to 1.2%, 2.5%, and 0.1% in weir chironomids. Aerobic fungi in river midge guts were 3.6% and 10.34% in SC and IS, while they were in the range of 0.34–2.58% in weir midges. The hierarchical clustering analysis showed a relationship of environmental factors with food contents. Abiotic factors (e.g., pH) in the river and weir habitats correlated the clustered pattern with phytoplankton and minor groups of fungi. This study could help understand the food source diversity in the chironomid and habitat environmental conditions by using eDNA metabarcoding as an effective tool to determine dietary composition.
Drivers of Solid Waste Segregation and Recycling in Kampala Slums, Uganda: A Qualitative Exploration Using the Behavior Centered Design Model
Authors: Mugambe Richard K. , Nuwematsiko Rebecca , Ssekamatte Tonny , Nkurunziza Allan G. , Wagaba Brenda , Isunju John Bosco , Wafula Solomon T. , Nabaasa Herbert , Katongole Constantine B. , Atuyambe Lynn M. , Buregyeya Esther
Published: September 2022

Solid-waste management is a challenge in many cities, especially in low-income countries, including Uganda. Simple and inexpensive strategies such as solid-waste segregation and recycling have the potential to reduce risks associated with indiscriminate waste management. Unfortunately, these strategies have not been studied and adopted in slums in low-income countries. This cross-sectional qualitative study, therefore, used the behavioral-centered design model to understand the drivers of recycling in Kampala slums. Data were coded using ATLAS ti version 7.0, and content analysis was used for interpreting the findings. Our findings revealed that the study practices were not yet habitual and were driven by the presence of physical space for segregation containers, and functional social networks in the communities. Additionally, financial rewards and awareness related to the recycling benefits, and available community support were found to be critical drivers. The availability of infrastructure and objects for segregation and recycling and the influence of politics and policies were identified. There is, therefore, need for both the public and private sector to engage in developing and implementing the relevant laws and policies on solid waste recycling, increase community awareness of the critical behavior, and create sustainable markets for waste segregated and recycled products.
Quantifying the Relationship between Land Use Intensity and Ecosystem Services’ Value in the Hanjiang River Basin: A Case Study of the Hubei Section
Authors: Yang Hui , Zheng Liang , Wang Ying , Li Jiangfeng , Zhang Bowen , Bi Yuzhe
Published: September 2022

An increased land use intensity due to rapid urbanization and socio-economic development would alter the structure and function of regional ecosystems and cause prominent environmental problems. Revealing the impact of land use intensity on ecosystem services (ES) would provide guidance for more informed decision making to promote the sustainable development of human and natural systems. In this study, we selected the Hanjiang River Basin (HRB) in Hubei Province (China) as our study area, explored the correlation between land use intensity and ecosystem Services’ Value (ESV), and investigated impacts of natural and socio-economic factors on ESV variations based on the Geographical Detector Model (GDM) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). The results show that (1) from 2000 to 2020, land use intensity in HRB generally showed an upward trend, with a high spatial agglomeration in the southeast and low in the northwest; (2) the total ESV increased from 295.56 billion CNY in 2000 to 296.93 billion CNY in 2010, and then decreased to 295.63 CNY in 2020, exhibiting an inverted U-shaped trend, with regulation services contributing the most to ESV; (3) land use intensity and ESV had a strong negative spatial correlation, with LH (low land use intensity vs. high ESV) aggregations mainly distributed in the northwest, whereas HL (high land use intensity vs. low ESV) aggregations were located in the southeast; (4) natural factors, including annual mean temperature, the percentage of forest land, and slope were positively associated with ESV, while socio-economic factors, including GDP and population density, were negatively associated with ESV. To achieve the coordinated development of the socio-economy and the environment, ES should be incorporated into spatial planning and socio-economic development policies.
The Double-Edged Sword of Safety Training for Safety Behavior: The Critical Role of Psychological Factors during COVID-19
Authors: Ning Xin , Huang Jiwen , Wu Chunlin , Liu Tong , Wang Chao
Published: September 2022

Safety training (ST) is the primary means of avoiding unsafe behaviors, but it has not achieved the expected impact on improving workplace safety because of the high psychological stress it brings to workers. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) further threatens workers’ psychological conditions, thereby diminishing the effectiveness of ST. However, the existing literature has mainly laid emphasis on the bright side of ST and neglected examining its impact on safety behavior (SB) from detrimental psychological factors. Drawing from the conservation of resources theory, a novel two-staged model was established to understand how these psychological factors mediate and moderate the association between ST and SB. We incorporated resource consumption (e.g., role overload (RO) and COVID-19-related task setbacks) and resource generation (e.g., psychological resilience) into the model to consider both detrimental and protective psychological factors against ST. We then implemented a time-separated, three-wave data collection on a sample of frontline workers to validate this hypothetical model. Consistent with our hypothesis, RO played a significant mediating role between ST and SB, that is, ST leads to RO, and in turn, holds up SB. Surprisingly, contrary to our hypothesis, COVID-19-related task setbacks weakened the negative and indirect impact of ST on SB via RO. This is one of the first empirical studies to highlight how detrimental psychological factors caused by ST constrict or amplify SB. In practice, the efficacy of ST can be enhanced by cultivating psychological resilience and clarifying employees’ job responsibilities to reduce the ambiguity of roles.
Readiness of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (BCPR) during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review
Authors: Fazel Muhammad Fattah , Mohamad Mohamad Haiqal Nizar , Sahar Mohd Azmani , Juliana Norsham , Abu Izuddin Fahmy , Das Srijit
Published: September 2022

Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a strong link in the of survival for sudden cardiac arrest. Hence, bystander CPR (BPCR) plays an important role in curbing mortality and morbidity from out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest. However, the recent global Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted both public training and confidence in performing out-of-hospital CPR. This paper reviews detailed information from databases including Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science on the readiness of BCPR during the pandemic. We also discussed the challenges bystanders encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic and the precautions to follow. Finally, we also highlighted the limitations which would benefit future endeavours in establishing well-planned and sustainable CPR training programs for the public. Therefore, regardless of the existing COVID-19 pandemic, BCPR must be emphasised to curb out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) mortality.