bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Screening of Antimicrobial and Extracellular Pigment Producing Actinomycetes from Chambal Territory of Madhya Pradesh Region, India
Authors: Singh Parmar Ramendra , Singh Charu , Saini Pragati , Kumar Ajay
Published: January 2023

In present study the objective is to isolate, characterize and study of biological activity of pigment producing actinomycetes. Samples were collected from rhizosphere soil of Chambal territory and other parts of Madhya Pradesh regions. Screening of actinomycetes was done on the basis of pigment diffusion ability in different media. Characterization of the actinomycete was made by scanning electron microscopy and 16s rRNA molecular sequencing. The antimicrobial activity of selected actinomycete was done by over lay agar method and well agar diffusion method against various pathogenic microorganisms.
Among 85 actinomycetes isolates, only ARITM02 showed pigment producing and diffusion ability in media. The Gram staining and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the linear chain structure of actinomycete. Morphological, biochemical and molecular analysis confirmed the isolate belong to genus Streptomyces. Streptomyces isolate also shown notable antimicrobial activities against various pathogens. These significant results make Streptomyces suitable for further investigation and industrial exploitation. Present investigation reveals that Chambal territory region of Madhya Pradesh has great ability to produce potent actinomycetes which possess pigment production and antimicrobial activities against various pathogens.
Effect of Laser Power on Component Strength in Laser Sintering
Authors: Singh Daler , Singh Sandhu Sukhjinder
Published: January 2023

Prototyping or model making is one of the important steps to finalize a product design. It helps in conceptualization of a design. Before the start of full production a prototype is usually fabricated and tested.
RP processes namely Stereo-lithography (SL), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) are described.
In Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) process, fine polymeric powder like polystyrene, polycarbonate or polyamide etc. (20 to 100 micrometer diameter) is spread on the substrate using a roller. Before starting CO2 laser scanning for sintering of a slice the temperature of the entire bed is raised just below its melting point by infrared heating in order to minimize thermal distortion (curling) and facilitate fusion to the previous layer. The laser is modulated in such a way that only those grains, which are in direct contact with the beam, are affected. Once laser scanning cures a slice, bed is lowered and powder feed chamber is raised so that a covering of powder can be spread evenly over the build area by counter rotating roller. In this process support structures are not required as the un-sintered powder remains at the places of support structure. It is cleaned away and can be recycled once the model is complete.
This research has examined the effect of Laser power as well as processing parameters on the mechanical properties of selective laser sintered parts from DURAFORM PA
In this research tensile specimens of Polyamide (DURAFORM PA) material as per the test standard ‘ASTM D638’ are fabricated. This test method covers the determination of the tensile properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics in the form of standard dumbbell-shaped test specimens when tested under defined conditions of pre-treatment, temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed.
The effects of varying the Laser power, generated by the laser, on the physical and mechanical properties of produced specimens. The energy density is varied by changing the laser power at a fixed value of laser scan spacing. Knowing the relationship between SLS parameter settings and material properties will make it possible to manufacture parts with predetermined properties, customized for various applications.
Optimisation of Process Parameters Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Dube Nitesh , Rai Prakash , Giri Kuldeep , Kumar Sharma Himanshu
Published: January 2023

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a relatively new solid-state joining process. This joining technique is energy efficient, environment friendly, and versatile. In particular, it can be used to join high-strength aerospace aluminum alloys and other metallic alloys that are hard to weld by conventional fusion welding. The FSW parameters such as tool rotational speed, welding speed, welding tool shoulder diameter, and welded plate thickness play a major role in determining the strength of the joints. Aluminium alloys have gathered wide acceptance in the fabrication of light weight structures requiring a high strength and good corrosion resistance.
Optimization of Process Parameters in WEDM Process
Authors: Kumar Mishra Sameer , Singh Sujeet , Singh Saurabh , Singh Sunny
Published: January 2023

Wire-cut Electric Discharge Machining is used to cut conductive metals of any hardness or that are difficult or impossible to cut with traditional methods. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effects of the various WEDM process parameters on the machining quality and to obtain the optimal sets of process parameters so that the quality of machined parts can be optimized. The working ranges and levels of the WEDM process parameters are found using one factor at a time approach. The Taguchi technique has been used to investigate the effects of the WEDM process parameters and subsequently to predict set of optimal parameters for optimum quality characteristics in high chromium tool steels. This research outlines the Taguchi’s parameter design approach, which has been applied to optimize machining parameters during machining process. This procedure eliminates the need for repeated experiments and saves time. The machining parameters investigated are Peak current, T-on, T-off and Wire feed rate. A series of experiments are conducted using WEDM. An orthogonal array (L9) has been used to conduct the experiments. The raw data and S/N analysis are employed to find the influence of selected parameters on MRR. Objective of the present work is to reveal the influence of four different process parameters Peak current, Pulse on time (T-ON), Pulse off time (TOFF) and Wire feed rate on Material Removal Rate (MRR) of SS 304 material for cutting on WEDM.
Study of magnetic assisted-AFM, mechanical properties of various
abrasive laden polymer media and abrasive wear and force mechanism
Authors: Dhull Sachin , Walia R. S.
Published: January 2023

Abrasive flow machining (AFM), also known as extrude honing, is a method of smoothing and polishing internal surfaces and producing controlled radii. A one-way or two-way flow of an abrasive media is extruded through a work piece, smoothing and finishing rough surfaces. In one-way systems, we flow the media through the work piece, then it exits from the part. In two-way flow, two vertically opposed cylinders flow the abrasive media back and forth. In the paper, the various types of abrasive laden polymer media, their work piece applications as well as the compatibility with the abrasives used is explained. The properties of the polymer used in AFM are compared and the best combination of polymer, abrasive and hydrocarbon oil is selected. Apart from polymer properties, the media flow equations, abrasive wear and forces is also studied.
Evaluation of Load and Load Point Displacement Through Three Point Bend Set up for Dynamic Loading
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Kumar Pandouria Anoop , Tiwari Vikrant
Published: January 2023

Three point bend set up is used to evaluate load and load point displacement on specimen during dynamic condition. Here, experiments have been conducted on Al 6063 alloys on Modified Hopkinson Pressure Bar (MHPB) in dynamic condition. The cylinder pressure and striker velocity was measured during experiments and it was 3.1 bar and 24m/s respectively. The strain gauges, data acquisition computer were used to measure strain at two points at Hopkinson bar. The load point displacement and load are obtained by the two point strain measurement methods and one dimensional wave theory in terms of strains measured experimentally at two points.
Thermodynamic (Energy-Exergy) Analysis of Solar Assisted Power-Cooling Combined Generation Systems
Authors: Kumar Dubey Kaushalendra , Mishra R. S.
Published: January 2023

Novel concept to produce power and cooling with the energy contained in low-temperature ( 200° C), thermal resources is presented in this paper . These resources can be obtained from concentrating solar thermal energy, and from waste heat sources. The concept uses thermal energy in a low-temperature boiler to partially boil an organic type working fluid mixture. This produces rich vapor that drives an expander. The expander’s output is mechanical power; however, under certain operating conditions its exhaust can be cold enough to use for cooling. An analytical study is identified expander efficiency, expander inlet conditions for determining exhaust temperature, consideration of the operating conditions of integrated solar combined power /cooling cycle . The present research provides simulated performance for improving system efficiency.
Perfortmance Evaluations of Concentrated Solar Thermal Power Technology
Authors: Singh Harwinder , Mishra R. S.
Published: January 2023

This review work consists of detailed description on various types of research in the field of solar thermal systems and various methods to improve the performance of the collector systems. Concentrated solar thermal systems are the highly advanced and large scale technology, which is used to generate the thermal energy and converted it in to electric energy through the application of power producing device coupled with the collector systems, therefore from the research point of view improvement in the working performance of the solar thermal system is highly important to achieve the better efficient device.
Solutions of the Acoustic Problem in the 3D Form of the Helmholtz Equation Using DRBEM
Authors: Ghassemi Hassan , Kohansal Ahmad Reza
Published: January 2023

This paper presents to the solutions of the acoustic problem using dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM). The acoustic propagates inside the silencer and its sound can be formulated by the three dimensional (3D) Helmholtz equation. The form of the equation is which can be solved by the integral form on the boundary. The conventional boundary element method (BEM) is not suitable for solving the acoustic problems of silencers with higher Mach number subsonic flow, due to the presence of domain integral. The dual reciprocity method (DRM) is a method that converts the domain integral into the boundary integral. Mathematical formulations discretisation form and evaluation of the integrals are described and discussed. Algorithm of the method is also presented.
Issues, Prospects, Opportunities and Challenges of Health Tourism in India
Authors: Chaudhary Reema , Chaudhary Rajiv , Chandra Singh Ramesh , M. Singari Ranganath
Published: January 2023

Generally, people living in one country, if travel to another country or another region of the same country, for the purpose of getting medical care including surgery, which is not available in their own country or region otherwise, is termed as Medical Tourism or Health Tourism. For this purpose generally people travel from under developed countries to highly developed countries in absence of the facilities in their own country or when getting cheaper and better options in alternative countries. Its popularity is growing fast across the globe, focusing primarily and predominantly on biomedical reasons, combined with tourism, if possible. Most of the medical tourists belong to Asian countries, and interestingly these tourists are visiting also to asian countries, whose number is increasing very fast every year. In this field mainly four asian countries India, Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia are leading and these are promoting and popularizing medical tourism aggressively. India has great Prospects in the field of Medical Tourism by virtue of its core competence developed in cardiovascular surgery and organ transplant/surgery etc, along with low cost option and great reputation. Apart from generating employment opportunities, it will also increase our foreign exchange and cause socio-economic development, strengthening our country’s economy. Apart from the treatment by allopathic system, other Indian systems of medicines, i.e. Ayurveda, Yoga, Panchakarma, Rejuvenation Therapy and Naturopathy etc. also have gained great popularity in recent past. The Govt also has taken several initiatives through Ministry of Tourism to promote India as a Medical and Health Tourism Destination. Special provisions have been made for the foreign visitors coming to India for their treatment, issuing them a new category of visa "Medical Visa" for the purpose. Apart from the Government initiatives, most of the private hospitals are also investing heavily, giving a facelift to their medical facilities, realizing the potential for Medical Tourism in India, in order to make them visible to not only to local elite but also to overseas clients. This paper reviews some key issues, prospects, opportunities, challenges and some other relevant aspects of Medical Tourism with respect to India.
Conceptual desing of a GRC Robot as the New Generation of Guardrail Cleaners
Authors: Rajabnejad A. R. , Shahidian H. , Niknejad Sh. , Maleki H.
Published: January 2023

Preservation of the beauty of a city has proven to be an effective approach to improving the tourism industry, living safety and economic growth[1]. Since public transportation vehicles such as trams, buses and trains are highly visible to the residents of a city and tourists; their cleanness has a large impact on its visual appeal. Guardrails, being in easy view of passengers, should look tidy and orderly. Although guardrail maintenance is generally performed by laborers, it would be of great benefit to mechanize this task. This study therefore sets out to develop the conceptual design of a novel automatic system called Guardrail Robot Cleaner (GRC) for this task. The system design is presented from mechanical and electrical points of view. Conclusively, the application of robotics to such services could be beneficial to some extent and increase public satisfaction.
Experimental and Cfd Studies On Heat Transfer and Friction Factor Characteristics of A V-Trough Solar Water Heater
Authors: M. Gopalakrishnan , P. Karunakaran
Published: January 2023

Experimental investigation of heat transfer and friction factor of a modified V-trough solar water heater using thermo siphon has been conducted and the results are compared with flat plate collector for same operating conditions. CFD analyses for the experimental conditions are also made. Results conclude that, heat transfer and friction factor are higher in modified V-trough solar water heating system.
An Experimental Study on Electro-Discharge Machining of Al2014/Al2O3 Composite
Authors: Dubey Vineet , Singh Balbir
Published: January 2023

Aluminium metal matrix composites are possessing the properties such as light weight, good wear resistance, high stiffness etc. Due to unique combination of properties, these composites are replacing conventional materials in industries such as transport, civil aviation, recreation etc. However, wider applications are still marred by poor machinability by conventional machining processes, due to presence of hard reinforcements such Al2O3, SiC, B4C etc in the composite. Electro-discharge machining (EDM) is a potential advanced process for the machining for aluminium metal matrix composites (AlMMC). The present work encompasses an experimental investigation on electro-discharge machining of aluminium alloy 2014 reinforced with 10wt% Al2O3 particles (Al2014/Al2O3). The central composite rotatable design using response surface methodology (RSM) is used to formulate the design of experiment (DOE) to analyse the effects of EDM process parameters on the machining characteristics viz. material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness(SR). The four process parameters namely current, pulse on time, pulse off timeand gap voltage are considered for the experimental study. Regression analysis is performed and the significance of the model developed is checked by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results obtained are further optimized using desirability functions to maximize MRR and minimize SR. The recommended optimal conditions have been validated by performing the confirmatory experiment.
Effects of Variation in Evaporator and Condenser Temperature on Cascade Condenser Temperature, COP and Second Law Efficiency of a Cascade Refrigeration System
Authors: Arora Akhilesh
Published: January 2023

In the present study, the effects of variation in evaporator and condenser temperatures on first and second law efficiency of the cascade system using NH3/CO2 (Ammonia-Carbon dioxide) and C3H6 /CO2 (Propylene -Carbon dioxide) pairs have been carried out. The optimum temperature in cascade condenser temperature corresponding to maximum exergetic efficiency is also determined under for these conditions. It is observed that maximum COP and maximum exergetic efficiency occur at the same cascade condenser temperature. It is observed that optimum cascade temperature increases with increase in evaporator temperature, condenser temperature and approach in cascade condenser. The optimum temperature in cascade condenser for C3H6/CO2 pair is higher than that for NH3/CO2 pair. NH3/CO2 pair offers better exergetic efficiencies at optimum cascade condenser temperature than C3H6/CO2 pair. This also means that overall exergy destruction in NH3/CO2 pair is less than C3H6/CO2 pair.
Solar Industrial Process Heating system for Indian Automobile Industry
Authors: Uppal Anubhav , Kesari J. P.
Published: January 2023

Indian automobile industry is one of the largest in the world. To match production with demand, many automobile makers have started to invest heavily in various parts in the industry. Automobile industries have number of different production that needs large amounts of energy in form of electricity or heat. In automobile industry over 65% of the energy demand is for heating. Possible integration with proper solar thermal technology depending on the temperature range achieved by different solar collectors and temperature needed for process provided by heat application media. It also shows the current energy source or fuel being used to achieve these processes. Proposed system combines the direct steam generation concentrating collectors with the fossil fuel fired high pressure boiler. Solar thermal technology can be installed in the most automobile industrial sectors to lower consumption of fossil fuels, cut production costs, preserve environment by lessening CO2 emissions. Concentrating solar collector field is mounted on the roof of an industrial production site to Solaris the supply of saturated steam into steam network.
Thermal Performance of a Weir-Type Cascade Solar Still: an Experimental Study
Authors: Kumar Mahesh , Yadav Chaturbhuj , Manchanda Himanshu
Published: January 2023

Water is essential for all living creatures. It is abundantly available on earth surface but quantity of potable water is very less. Solar distillation is environmental friendly, economical and cheap water purification techniques. This technique is not commercialized yet because of its lower distillate output. In this communication weir-type cascade solar still with phase change material (PCM) are designed for increasing the productivity of still. Effect of three different phase change material (Bees wax, stearic acid and palmitic acid) of different melting point (61 oC, 55 oC and 54.3 oC respectively) have been studied on the performance of cascade weir type solar still. Maximum productivity of 2.35 litre/m2/day has been obtained with the use of palmitic acid as phase change material with the still. Mean values of convective, evaporative, radiative heat transfer coefficient with thermal efficiency of still has also been calculated and found to be 1.193, 13.13, 6.913 W/m2 oC and 24.58% respectively. The productivity of weir-type solar still with PCM is observed 33.69% higher than conventional still. Thermal efficiency of still with PCM is 35.46 % more than still without PCM.
Flash Sales – the Game Changer in Indian E-Commerce Industry
Authors: Agrawal Supriti , Sareen S. Abhinav
Published: January 2023

Indiane-commerce market is expected to reach $100-billion mark by the end of 2020, triggered by increasing internet usage, discounting and investment by online retailers. Promotion the 4th ‘P’ of marketing is playing a major role. Promotion refers to the entire set of activities, which communicate the product, brand or service to the user. The idea is to make people aware, attract and induce to buy the product in preference over others. Flash sales, sometimes also called as deal of the day are a part of sales promotion which provides its customer with a special deal or discounts on selective products for a limited time .It is helping companies to lure its customers to visit their web sites again and again. The study focuses on the role of online sales promotion done through flash sales in attracting customers and generating sales for web sites. The study is based on the previous researches, newspaper articles, magazines and journals. This Study indicates that flash sales have helped companies to attract masses but they were not able to capitalize on the traffic generated
Spectral and Biological analysis of Thieno [2, 3-d] pyrimidin-4-one
Authors: . Rovin , Kumar Dharmendra , Kumar Vikas , Singh Leeladhar
Published: January 2023

Thieno [2,3-d] pyrimidin-4-one is synthesized by 2-amino-3-carboethoxythiophene and fomamide and its structure was also established using FTIR, UV-Vis and 1H-NMR spectroscopic method. The synthesized compound was also tested for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus and fungus Candida albican, Aspergillus niger and Candida krusei.
DT-CWT Based Block Nonlinear De-Noising
Authors: Kumar Sushil
Published: January 2023

For image denoising, Block thresholding is considered to be a better strategy than the term-by-term thresholding. There are number of Wavelet based thresholding techniques for image denoising such as VisuShrink, BayesShrink, SureShrink, NeighShrink, BiShrink, ProbShrink, Sure-LET and BlockShrink. Selesnick has extended the BiShrink method to DT-CWT and he has shown that the DT-CWT achieves better results than DWT for image denoising. Dengwen and Xiaoliu have shown that BlockShrink enjoys a number of advantages over the other conventional image denoising methods. Their experimental results show that BlockShrink outperforms significantly classic SureShrink method and NeighShrink method. In this paper we extend BlockShrink approach to DT-CWT and compare it with the BiShrink approach proposed by Selesnick. We have analysed these methods of noise removal from degraded images with Gaussian noise and compared the results in term of PSNR.
Application of 5 M’s of Management on Indian Railways
Authors: Gangwar Divya
Published: January 2023

Business environment always remains in a transition phase evolving continuously as per the changes in technology, political situations, changes in policy and economic developments. All the business organizations have to evolve continuously to keep pace with the changing environment following different management techniques to achieve Business excellence. The term “excellence” was introduced by Tom Peters in 1982 and it led to development of various Management theories and principles to evaluate and improve the performance of an organization. Business excellence should be all-pervasive: improvements should be perceptible to all stakeholders — customers, investors, channel partners, supply chain, and so on. Total Quality Management (TQM) and Six Sigma are most commonly used theories to achieve Business excellence. Indian Railways has been the backbone of freight and passenger transport of India over the years spread over a network of around 66000 routes Kilometer carrying over 1.1 billion Tones of freight per annum and more than 3 crore passengers per day. However Indian Railways has been going through a financial crisis through last many years witnessing a continuous decline in the market share of transport. This public transporter is in need of a paradigm change to remain competitive in current environment where larger capacity road trucks, more comfortable buses, cheaper airlines and development of Inland waterways are posing strict challenge and threat of further erosion in the market share. Indian Railways has not changed its business model which worked well in the monopolistic conditions of yesteryear. In this paper we will critically evaluate the performance of Indian Railways and the changes required to remain competitive in transport business in changing technological and business environment.
Seismic Behavior of RC Frame Building and Its Analysis with Improving Measures
Authors: Mundaware Akash D. , Mahale Chaitanya M. , Magar Gunvant S. , Shelke Mahendra S.
Published: January 2023

The infill masonry walls are seldom included in analysis of reinforced concrete structural systems, since masonry panels are generally considered as non-structural components. However, these panels affect the structural response, although the complexity they introduce to analysis. The effects of masonry infill on the global seismic response of reinforced concrete structures arethe part of study. Recently, it becomes important to determine the earthquake behavior of structures with infill walls in earthquake engineering. Parametric analyses on a large variety of multi-storey infill reinforced concrete structures show that, due to the hysteretic energy dissipation in the infill, if the infilling is uniform in all storey, drifts and structural damage are dramatically reduced, without an increase in the seismic force demands. Presence Soft-storey effects due to the absence of infill in the bottom storey in building is a measure problem in earthquake, as soft storey is significantly less strong or more flexible, a large portion of the total building deflection tends to concentrate in that floor with consequent concentration of stress at the second floor connections and in that case collapse is unavoidable. Open first storey is a typical feature in the modern multistory constructions in urban India. Such features are highly undesirable in buildings built in seismically active areas; this has been verified in numerous experiences of strong shaking during the past earthquakes. The present study highlights the seismic performance of RC frame building with soft stories at first as well as at different floor level. A parametric study is performed on an example building with soft storey and it is intended to describe the performance characteristics such as stiffness, shear force, bending moment, drift. The effects of masonry infill and cross bracing on above parameters have been studied for a building with soft storey. The modeling and post-processing is carried out using ANSYS software. The comparisons of different parameter of models have also been presented in the study.
Application of Qual2e Model for River Water Quality Modelling
Authors: Parveen Nuzhat , Singh S. K.
Published: January 2023

QUAL2E is modeling software which simulates up to 15 water quality parameters in branching stream system. The model uses mathematical equations like finite-difference solution of the adjective- dispersive mass transport and reaction equations. The program computes a series of steady- state water surface profiles and simulates changes in flow conditions along the stream. The model is applicable only to dendritic streams that are well mixed and it assumes that the major transport mechanism, advection and dispersion are significant only along the main direction of flow of the stream. QUAL2E can operate as either a steady state or a dynamic model and it simulates dynamic dial heat budget and water quality kinetics for a one dimensional and steady flow system. QUAL2E program performs dissolved oxygen balance by including source and sink terms in mass balance equation and is used to quantify the non point sources loading rate, determine the pollutants, calculate the phosphorus and estimate the natural conditions. It accommodates four types of hydraulic and mass load functions in addition to local climate factors: headwater-inputs, point sources, inflow/outflow and downstream boundary conditions.
Demand Forecasting, Economic Order Quantity and Inventory Costs Calculation of a Company Producing Solar Panels
Authors: Gupta Kartik , Bhatia Puneet , Dua Rishabh
Published: January 2023

Forecasting accuracy drives the performance of inventory management. This study involves forecasting the sales of PV modules of a solar panel manufacturing company by demand forecasting methods including regression and exponential smoothing models. Demand forecasted is used to control inventory, minimize cost of ordering and holding inventory. The model should propose a viable economic order quantity which reduces the total cost of the plan.
Design and Experimental Analysis of a 200W Micro Wind Turbine
Authors: Singh Raj Kumar , Garg Sajal , Gudivada Lohit
Published: January 2023

Majority of the regions in India are characterized by moderate and low wind regimes. These regions have variable and gusty winds. Our low-wind energy turbine addresses this problem and is capable of providing power to millions of people not connected to the grid in low wind conditions.
Our objective is to design a suitable wind turbine applicable in low speed regions extracting maximum power output. Our team aims to take on the challenge of improving wind turbine efficiencies, at low to medium wind speeds, to reduce environmental impact and encourage adoption of wind energy at domestic and commercial building rooftops and small distributed systems.
Blade Element Momentum theory was adopted to find the suitable parameters at the required wind speeds. Tools like Q-Blade and X-foil were used to optimize the CAD model of the blade.
A customized Wind tunnel was fabricated by the team to validate the practical results against the theoretical ones. Rapid Prototyping technique of 3-D printing was used to manufacture the blades.
Final results establish a close relationship between the theoretical and experimental values.
Modeling and Microstructure Study of Thermally Evaporated Nano Film Thickness of Gold
Authors: Gaur Shailendra Kumar , Mishra R. S.
Published: January 2023

The paper represents the modeling of nano scale gold film thickness deposited by thermal evaporation process. Gold is evaporated from a resistively heated boat at a temperature of 1900 K onto a surface held on a fixed surface. The incident molecular flux onto the silicon surface is 7.86x1019 (1/m2sec). The thickness varies between 78 nm and 80 nm across the sample after 60 s of deposition, with radial symmetry about the midpoint of the source. The film thickness, mass deposited on the substrate and mass transfer rate on silicon substrates with time dependent model using BDF solver is calculated. The SEM micrographs shows the smooth and uniformly distributed nano scale gold film on silicon and the average grain size of gold is 15-30 nm. The XRD analysis shows the polycrystalline face centered cubic (fcc) structure in preferential (111) plane. Deposited gold film thickness measured from Dektek surface profiler at different points on the substrate surface
Effect of Number of Passes on Mechanical and Wear Properties of Friction Stir Processed Al 1050 Alloy
Authors: Yuvaraj N. , . Vipin , Mishra R. S.
Published: January 2023

Friction stir processing Technique is used to modify the surface layer and improves the micro-structural modification and enhances the mechanical wear properties of the material. In this study the effect of number of FSP passes on the Aluminum 1050 alloy was studied. The grain refinement of the matrix was obtained after each FSP pass. With increase in FSP passes decreases the grain size of the matrix alloy and more homogeneous grain refinement occurs on the stir zone. The hardness, tensile strength and wear rate of the processed region was evaluated and found that enhancement of hardness, tensile strength and wear resistance of the samples with increase in passes due to finer refinement of the grain size in the stir zone.
Analysis of Specific Charge Storage Properties in Polymer Films with Halogen Treatment
Authors: Dua Vinay
Published: January 2023

The electrical conduction in thick Polypropylene film with different crystalline has been studied different temperatures at different potential gradients. In different cases the charge storage properties of a super charged BOPP film un-oriented PP films have been studied. Now a special study on TOPP is taken. An initial study has been made of radiation induced oxidation of Polypropylene (PP) in both its additive-free form and one containing discrete amounts of stabilizer. Samples of PP were irradiated in a 60Coγ source to various doses .The field dependence of current shows that the conduction mechanism in this polymer is ion hopping. In these films the thermally stimulated charge decay and open and short circuit thermal current were measured.
Biofuel Production from E.Coli: A Review
Authors: Joshi Sumit , Teotia Pratibha
Published: January 2023

One of the major questions of the century is how to tackle the problem of pollution. There is not a single individual that has been left untouched with pollution. Our country is among top 10 most polluted countries. One of the solutions of this problem is the production and use of biofuels. Biofuels not only have a high calorific value but also are a great help to reduce the impact of pollution in our environment. A major breakthrough to tackle the problem of pollution is the use of microbes; it not only solves our problem but also adds value to our environment. This review presents a general review on the production of Biofuels from E.Coli – commonly found bacteria. The production of biofuel from E.Coli is a good example how we can use the bacteria for our good will. The production of biofuel from bacteria counteracts the thinking of a major class of people who think that bacteria only cause harm to the people. Let us know how E.Coli can be used to overcome the problem of the century.
Microcontroller-Based Optical Displacement Weighing Scale
Authors: N. Ezema Chukwuedozie , B. Umezinwa Chukwuebuka , Nonum Ernest O.
Published: January 2023

Electronic weighing systems are used in industries and business establishments for weighing and segregating materials accurately for process scales. Thus, the aim of this research is to design and implement a microcontroller based optical displacement weighing scale. The electronic weighing system comprises the basic load cell suitable signal conditioners and output recorders/indicators giving both the analog and digital output for further processing. The signals from the load cell are amplified and fed to analog/digital converter, which provide an output in the digital format for display printing/processing etc. The strain gauge based load cell is the most popular weight transducer used in the electronic weighing system.
Study of Natural Gas Engine using Non-Premixed Combustion Model
Authors: Singh Raj Kumar , Singh Aditya Kumar , Anand Aditya
Published: January 2023

Direct injection natural gas engines are used in many heavy duty vehicles. Similar to diesel engines, high thermal efficiency and power density is maintained in such direct injection natural gas engines. In such engines, natural gas is injected directly into the combustion chamber. Then the gas mixes with the high pressure air in the combustion chamber and combustion occurs. The main objective is to simulate a cycle, from the end of the compression stroke to 50° after TDC. Simulation would be done keeping methane as fuel. A 30 degree sector of a 4-stroke engine which corresponds to one fuel injector hole is modeled. Since combustion simulation is to be studied, the simulation starts at 20 degree crank angle (CA) before the start of injection (SOI) and ends at 50 degree CA after top dead center (TDC). A simplified model of the engine with no valves is modeled since during the entire combustion process, both the valves remain closed.
A Review of Solar Desalination Methods for Remote Areas
Authors: Sharma Prabhakar , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: January 2023

The inadequacy in supply and the shortage of clean potable water has taken centre stage in recent times. The first half of the year 2016 is already witnessing huge water scarcity in many part of the country. High growth of population coupled with rapid industrial developments in Indian subcontinent resulted in shortage of clean drinking water for people living in rural areas and remote villages especially in desert. In urban and rural areas surface or ground water is polluted due to industrial waste or rampant use of chemicals in agriculture (e.g. insecticides, pesticide and chemical fertilizers). Other dimension to the problem is acute shortage of power supply for running traditional water cleaning systems such as reverse osmosis. One of the prominent economical methods of converting the saline water to potable water is solar desalination. It distils the saline water by evaporation and condensation the way nature makes rain. Here in this paper, the goal is to provide an overview of conventional as well as solar desalination technologies available at present.
Metallurgical Investigations of Synergic MIG Welding of 304L Stainless Steel
Authors: Butolaa Ravi , Tyagia Mohit , Kumar Jitendra
Published: January 2023

The experimental study is carried out for the analysis of weld bead geometry such as bead reinforcement height, bead width and bead penetration of synergic MIG welding of 304L stainless steel. Microstructures of different zones of interest like weld metal, HAZ and fusion boundary under different welding parameters were viewed and captured with an optical microscope coupled with an image analyzing software. Fractured surface of the weld bead specimens were analyzed using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to the nature of the fracture mode. The results of EDS analysis shows that the inclusion particle mainly composed of Fe, Cr, Mn, Si, C elements. X ray diffraction (XRD) study has been done and result shows that phases like Fe, Ni-Cr-Fe, and Fe-Cr-Co-Ni are determined.
Electromagnetic Stir Casting Parameters and Squeeze Pressure Effects on Mechanical Properties of AA2014 alloy MMC and Hybrid MMC
Authors: Dwivedi Shashi Prakash , Sharma Satpal , Mishra Raghvendra Kumar
Published: January 2023

The main problem faced in the electromagnetic stir casting is the selection of optimum combination of input variables for achieving the required mechanical properties of composites. This problem can be solved by the development of relationship between the electromagnetic parameters and the tensile strength of composite by response surface methodology. This work focuses on the review of electromagnetic stir casting parameters effect on Mechanical Properties of MMC and Hybrid MMC. From the exhaustive review, it was observed that for better mechanical properties, lower porosity and finer grain structure of composite higher stirring current, higher stirring time and lower matrix pouring temperature required.
Precipitation Hardening Parameters Effects on Mechanical Properties of Extruded AA2014 Based Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Dwivedi Shashi Prakash , Sharma Satpal , Mishra Raghvendra Kumar
Published: January 2023

Heat treatment of aluminium alloys are affected by means of precipitation hardening comprising the following steps: solutionizing, quenching and aging at room temperature (natural aging) or at elevated temperature (artificial aging). Nevertheless, during precipitation hardening of aluminium matrix-based discontinuously reinforced composites, in the solutionizing stage, the matrix alloy is modified quite significantly due to the occurrence of dislocations. The main problem faced in the heat treatment process is the selection of optimum combination of precipitation of hardening parameters for achieving the required mechanical and tribological properties of composites.
CFD Investigation of Clearance on Pressure Distribution and Fluid Film Thickness in Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing
Authors: Mahajan Amit , Awasthi R. K. , Sidhu Sarabjeet S. , Devgan Sandeep
Published: January 2023

Clearance plays a vital role in fluid film journal bearing and thus it’s important to consider its effect on performance prediction. In order to ascertain the extent to which relative clearance affects the performance of journal bearing system, this paper investigates the pressure distribution and the fluid film thickness in axial and circumferential directions of bearing at relative clearances. Under the steady state condition, the two- dimensional Reynolds equation is solved using finite difference based CFD method. The pressure of the fluid film is computed by using ADI technique. The code developed in FORTRAN 90 is debugged and validated for its accuracy. The results indicate that the fluid film pressure rises and the minimum fluid film thickness decrease with the reduction in relative clearance, which requires the optimal value of clearance ratio for better performance.
Analysis and Simulation of Eighth-Order Active-R Band Pass Filter Using Biquadratic Topology
Authors: Atsuwe B. A. , Igwue G. A. , Raman A. N.
Published: January 2023

In this paper an Eight-order Active-R Band pass filter using Biquadrtic topology at centre frequency of 284KHz and quality factor Q of 30 was Designed and simulated using MULTISIM work bench (version 11.0). the simulated response characteristics show that the filter has a low mid Band gain that decreases with each stage but recorded a positive gain at stage 3, with 13.87dB, while the Bandwidths monotonically decreased with each stage, with stage 1 having 10.82KHz, stage 2, 6.90KHz, stage 3, 5.41KHz and stage 4; 5.04KHz showing better selectivity at stage 4 (5.04KHz) at the edge of the pass band. The roll-off rate of -215.16dB/decade even surpasses that of 160dB/decade for an ideal Eight order filter indicating a very sharp roll-off exhibited by the filter. A shift in the centre frequency was observed but not out of range as it recorded 0.7% deviation from the actual centre frequency which is negligible. The filter therefore performed well and meets its specification.
In silico Identification and Optimization of Natural Inhibitors for Drug Target Sites in Cryptosporidium parvum: A Review
Authors: Teotia Pratibha , Dwivedi Neerja
Published: January 2023

Cryptosporidium parvum is the most common enteric protozoan pathogens affecting humans worldwide. Currently approved drugs to treat cryptosporidiosis are ineffective and no vaccines exist against C. parvum. Here, We docked benzoxazole derivatives collected from literature with Cryptosporidium parvum inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase using AutoDock4.2 tool, which resulted in energy-based descriptors such as Binding Energy, Intermolecular Energy, Internal Energy, Torsional Energy, vdW + Hbond + desolv Energy and electrostatic energy. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies were performed through the NAMD graphical user interface embedded in visual molecular dynamics. After that, we have built quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) model using energy-based descriptors yielding correlation coefficient r2 of 0.7948. To assess the predictive performance of QSAR model, different cross-validation procedures were adopted. Our results suggests that ligand-receptor binding interactions for inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase employing QSAR modeling seems to be a promising approach to design more potent inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors prior to their synthesis.
Q Anisotropy in the region of Garhwal Himalaya
Authors: Sharma Gaurav , Dimri Akshat
Published: January 2023

Empirical relations have been found out to describe the decay in amplitude with distance of s-waves in the region of Garhwal Himalaya. These functions results from the analysis of spectral amplitudes of three component digital records from 19 local earthquakes obtained from 12-station seismological network deployed in the Garhwal lesser Himalaya. The events lie in a magnitude range from ML 2 to ML 4.5, epi-central distance 5 km to 120 km and focal depth from 5 km to 50 km. To determine the variations of the quality factor Qin the direction of wave propagation (Q anisotropy), independent estimates have been made of the attenuation of SV- and SH-waves using vertically polarized and transversely polarized components, respectively. Frequency analyzed (1-12 Hz) and in the whole distance range, the frequency dependence of Q can be approximated as Qsh = 74.3 f 1.0 for the SH-wave and Qsv = 81.5 f 0.95 for the SV-waves. The small difference between SH and SV spectral decay, suggests that Q anisotropy is negligible. However, In the distance range of 5-50 km, Qsv tends to be significantly greater than Qsh at frequency > 8 Hz. So in this distance range we observed Q anisotropy in the studied region. The dependence of Q value with frequency in this range is Qsh = 110 f 0.94 for SH- wave and Qsv = 134 f1.0 for SV-waves.
Strength, Permeability and Carbonation properties of Concrete containing Kota Stone Slurry
Authors: Jain Aman , Majumder Rohan
Published: January 2023

Concrete and stone, both are the most commonly used building materials. Rapid development in infrastructure sector has boosted the demand of both, resulting in many environmental concerns. Energy consumption and CO2 emission associated with the production of concrete and cement is a big concern. On the other side, there is a huge solid waste associated with the stone industry which has manifold environmental and financial concerns. For sustainable development, there is a need to utilize the stone waste as a partial replacement of cement (mineral admixture) in concrete so that so that the two problems simultaneously get solved. Kota stone slurry (KSS), which is abundantly available in area of Kota, Rajasthan was used as a partial replacement of the cement in this study. The objective of the present study is to determine strength and durability parameters of the concrete containing Kota stone slurry. The experimental program consists of preparing concrete mixes with two water binder ratios: 0.40 and 0.50 with varying Kota stone slurry percentage as 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% partially replaced with cement. Compressive and flexural strength test, pull-off test were performed to evaluate strength and DIN 1048 water permeability test, carbonation test and abrasion test were performed to check the durability of concrete mixes. The results indicate that with the increase in Kota stone slurry content, the compressive and flexural strength decreased. There is a marginal decrease in permeability also but the mixes containing Kota stone slurry displayed better resistance to abrasion indicating their suitability as good floor and pavement material. The properties of concrete with Kota stone slurry indicates that it can serve as an alternating material in low cost rural pavements.
Development and Implementation of a Proto-type Pop-Corn Machine with Aluminium and Glass for Nigeria
Authors: Adeoye O. S. , Oladimeji T. T.
Published: January 2023

This paper involves designing the system and also constructing a unit that can be used to pop cereals. In the olden days, crude and tedious methods were used for popping corn until this machine was discovered, its operation is simple, it does not waste energy or time, and it can pop large quantities of corn within a short time. And lastly, it can be operated automatically. The popcorn-making machine is constructed with locally made materials at a reduced cost.The con popcorn machine is one of the fastest means of converting corn into another substance in a faster way than using kerosene stove, firewood or other primitive sources. The Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation was estimated as (N 51,300 or $ 213.75) with the choice of materials used, the cost of production and maintenance of the machine is considerably fair and the durability is reliable.