bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Different Degrees of Procyanidin Polymerization on the Nutrient Absorption and Digestive Enzyme Activity in Mice
Authors: Zhong Huairong , Xue Yong , Lu Xiaoyuan , Shao Qiang , Cao Yuelei , Wu Zhaoxia , Chen Gao
Published: November 2018

Proanthocyanidins, including polymers with both low and high degrees of polymerization, are the focus of intensive research worldwide due to their high antioxidant activity, medicinal applications, and pharmacological properties. However, the nutritional value of these compounds is limited because they readily form complexes with proteins, polysaccharides, and metal ions when consumed. In this study, we examined the effects of proanthocyanidins with different degrees of polymerization on white mice. Twenty-four male white mice were randomly divided into three groups of eight mice each and fed proanthocyanidins with a low degree of polymerization or a high degree of polymerization or a distilled water control via oral gavage over a 56-day period. We examined the effects of these proanthocyanidins on digestive enzyme activity and nutrient absorption. Compared to the control group, the group fed high-polymer proanthocyanidins exhibited a significant reduction in net body mass, total food intake, food utility rate, amylase activity, protease activity, and major nutrient digestibility (p < 0.05), while the group fed low-polymerization proanthocyanidins only exhibited significant reductions in total food intake, α-amylase activity, and apparent digestibility of calcium and zinc (p < 0.05). Therefore, proanthocyanidins with a high degree of polymerization had a greater effect on digestive enzyme activity and nutrient absorption than did those with a low degree of polymerization. This study lays the foundation for elucidating the relationship between procyanidin polymerization and nutrient uptake, with the aim of reducing or eliminating the antinutritional effects of polyphenols.
α,ω-Epoxide, Oxetane, and Dithiocarbonate Telechelic Copolyolefins: Access by Ring-Opening Metathesis/Cross-Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP/CM) of Cycloolefins in the Presence of Functional Symmetric Chain-Transfer Agents
Authors: Vanbiervliet Elise , Fouquay Stéphane , Michaud Guillaume , Simon Frédéric , Carpentier Jean-François , Guillaume Sophie M.
Published: November 2018

Epoxide- and oxetane-α,ω-telechelic (co)polyolefins have been successfully synthesized by the tandem ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP)/cross-metathesis (CM) of cyclic olefins using Grubbs’ second-generation catalyst (G2) in the presence of a bifunctional symmetric alkene epoxide- or oxetane-functionalized chain-transfer agent (CTA). From cyclooctene (COE), trans,trans,cis-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene (CDT), norbornene (NB), and methyl 5-norbornene-2-carboxylate (NBCOOMe), with bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl) maleate (CTA 1), bis(oxetane-2-ylmethyl) maleate (CTA 2), or bis(oxetane-2-ylmethyl) (E)-hex-3-enedioate (CTA 3), well-defined α,ω-di(epoxide or oxetane) telechelic PCOEs, P(COE-co-NB or -NBCOOMe)s, and P(NB-co-CDT)s were isolated under mild operating conditions (40 or 60 °C, 24 h). The oxetane CTA 3 and the epoxide CTA 1 were revealed to be significantly more efficient in the CM step than CTA 2, which apparently inhibits the reaction. Quantitative dithiocarbonatation (CS2/LiBr, 40 °C, THF) of an α,ω-di(epoxide) telechelic P(NB-co-CDT) afforded a convenient approach to the analogous α,ω-bis(dithiocarbonate) telechelic P(NB-co-CDT). The nature of the end-capping function of the epoxide/oxetane/dithiocarbonate telechelic P(NB-co-CDT)s did not impact their thermal signature, as measured by DSC. These copolymers also displayed a low viscosity liquid-like behavior and a shear thinning rheological behavior.
Seven Years of SMOS Sea Surface Salinity at High Latitudes: Variability in Arctic and Sub-Arctic Regions
Authors: Olmedo Estrella , Gabarró Carolina , González-Gambau Verónica , Martínez Justino , Ballabrera-Poy Joaquim , Turiel Antonio , Portabella Marcos , Fournier Severine , Lee Tong
Published: November 2018

This paper aims to present and assess the quality of seven years (2011–2017) of 25 km nine-day Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) objectively analyzed maps in the Arctic and sub-Arctic oceans ( 50 ∘ N– 90 ∘ N). The SMOS SSS maps presented in this work are an improved version of the preliminary three-year dataset generated and freely distributed by the Barcelona Expert Center. In this new version, a time-dependent bias correction has been applied to mitigate the seasonal bias that affected the previous SSS maps. An extensive database of in situ data (Argo floats and thermosalinograph measurements) has been used for assessing the accuracy of this product. The standard deviation of the difference between the new SMOS SSS maps and Argo SSS ranges from 0.25 and 0.35. The major features of the inter-annual SSS variations observed by the thermosalinographs are also captured by the SMOS SSS maps. However, the validation in some regions of the Arctic Ocean has not been feasible because of the lack of in situ data. In those regions, qualitative comparisons with SSS provided by models and the remotely sensed SSS provided by Aquarius and SMAP have been performed. Despite the differences between SMOS and SMAP, both datasets show consistent SSS variations with respect to the model and the river discharge in situ data, but present a larger dynamic range than that of the model. This result suggests that, in those regions, the use of the remotely sensed SSS may help to improve the models.
Terrestrial Ecotoxic Impacts Stemming from Emissions of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn from Manure: A Spatially Differentiated Assessment in Europe
Authors: Sydow Mateusz , Chrzanowski Łukasz , Leclerc Alexandra , Laurent Alexis , Owsianiak Mikołaj
Published: November 2018

Metallic elements present in livestock manure as co-contaminants have the potential to cause terrestrial ecotoxic impacts when the manure is used as fertilizer on agricultural soils. The magnitude of this impact at country scale in Europe has, to date, not been quantified. Here, we address this knowledge gap by combining recently developed national emission inventories of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn releases from manure with metal- and soil-specific comparative toxicity potentials (CTP) calculated for cropland grid cells at 1 × 1 km resolution for 33 European countries. The CTPs account for speciation in environmental fate, exposure and effects, including reduction in the solid-phase reactivity of a metal when it is associated with organic carbon present in the manure. Given the scarcity of inventory data at sub-national level, it was assumed that each unit area of cropland within a given country has the same probability to receive manure. The resulting CTPs span a range of several orders of magnitude reflecting the influence of soil type and properties on the speciation patterns and resulting CTP values. However, when combined with the use of manure in each European country, the resulting national impact scores were mainly explained by the total mass input of metal released to soil rather than by geographic variability in the CTP values. Simple linear regression is then sufficient to predict terrestrial ecotoxic impacts from input mass. Although some changes in ranking of metals and countries were observed, both mass- and impact-based comparisons between metals agreed that Zn and Cu are dominant contributors to total impacts, and that top contributing countries were those emitting the largest amounts of metals. Our findings show that spatially differentiated impact assessment is important for ranking of countries when differences in national emission inventories between countries are smaller than a factor of two (Ni), a factor of three (Cd, Cu, Zn) or a factor of four (Pb). In other cases, ranking of countries can be based on national emission inventories.
Perceptions, Experiences, and Priorities Supporting Agroecosystem Management Decisions Differ among Agricultural Producers, Consultants, and Researchers
Authors: McKenzie Sean , Parkinson Hilary , Mangold Jane , Burrows Mary , Ahmed Selena , Menalled Fabian
Published: November 2018

The sustainability of agriculture depends as much on the natural resources required for production as it does on the stakeholders that manage those resources. It is thus essential to understand the variables that influence the decision-making process of agricultural stakeholders to design educational programs, interventions, and policies geared towards their specific needs, a required step to enhance agricultural sustainability. This study employed a survey of multiple-choice and open-ended questions to examine the perceptions, experiences, and priorities that influence management decisions of agricultural stakeholders across Montana, United States. A total of 272 respondents completed a survey, representing five distinct agricultural stakeholder groups: 103 (34.9%) conventional producers, 78 (28.7%) consultants, 37 (13.6%) researchers, 33 (12.1%) organic grain producers, and 21 (7.7%) organic vegetable producers. The results revealed that, while stakeholder groups have distinct perceptions, experiences, and priorities, there were similarities across groups (pseudo-F = 22.92, p = 0.001). Specifically, organic vegetable and organic small-grain producers showed similar responses that were, in turn, divergent from those of conventional producers, researchers, and crop consultants. Conventional small-grain producers and researchers showed overlapping response patterns, while crop consultants formed an isolated group. Six clusters resulting from the classification of the multiple-choice response dataset associated with specific agricultural professions (χ2 = 549.72, p = 0.001). The classification of open-ended questions that assessed agronomic challenges and research needs resulted in six distinctive clusters, with specific associations between clusters and agricultural stakeholder groups (χ2 = 164.41, p = 0.001). These results reinforce the need for agricultural education and programs that address unique and shared experiences, priorities, and concerns of multiple stakeholder groups. This study endorses the call for a paradigm shift from the traditional top-down agricultural extension model to one that accounts for participants’ socio-ecological contexts to facilitate the adoption of sustainable agricultural systems that support environmental and human wellbeing.
Design and Application of Fuzzy Logic Based Fire Monitoring and Warning Systems for Smart Buildings
Authors: Sarwar Barera , Bajwa Imran Sarwar , Ramzan Shabana , Ramzan Bushra , Kausar Mubeen
Published: November 2018

Typical fire monitoring and warning systems use a single smoke detector that is connected to a fire management system to give early warnings before the fire spreads out up to a damaging level. However, it is found that only smoke detector-based fire monitoring systems are not efficient and intelligent since they generate false warnings in case of a person is smoking, etc. There is need of a multi-sensor based intelligent and smart fire monitoring system that employs various parameters, such as presence of flame, temperature of the room, smoke, etc. To achieve such a smart solution, a multi-sensor solution is required that can intelligently use the data of sensors and generate true warnings for further fire control and management. This paper presents an intelligent Fire Monitoring and Warning System (FMWS) that is based on Fuzzy Logic to identify the true existence of dangerous fire and send alert to Fire Management System (FMS). This paper discusses design and application of a Fuzzy Logic Fire Monitoring and Warning System that also sends an alert message using Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) technology. The system is based on tiny, low cost, and very small in size sensors to ensure that the solution is reproduceable. Simulation work is done in MATLAB ver. 7.1 (The MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) and the results of the experiments are satisfactory.
An Evaluation of Boar Spermatozoa as a Biosensor for the Detection of Sublethal and Lethal Toxicity
Authors: Castagnoli Emmanuelle , Salo Johanna , Toivonen Matti S. , Marik Tamás , Mikkola Raimo , Kredics László , Vicente-Carrillo Alejandro , Nagy Szabolcs , Andersson Markus T. , Andersson Maria A. , Kurnitski Jarek , Salonen Heidi
Published: November 2018

A novel, objective, and rapid computed motility inhibition (CMI) assay was developed to identify and assess sublethal injury in toxin-exposed boar spermatozoa and compared with a subjective visual motility inhibition (VMI) assay. The CMI values were calculated from digital micrographic videos using a custom MATLAB® script by contrasting the motility index values of each experiment with those of the background and control experiments. Following a comparison of the CMI and VMI assays results, it was determined that their agreement depended on the shape of the dose-response curve. Toxins that exhibited a steep slope were indicative of good agreement between the assays. Those depicted by a gentle decline in the slope of the dose-response curve, the CMI assay were shown to be two times more sensitive than the VMI assay. The CMI assay was highly sensitive to the inhibition of mitochondrial function and glucose transport activity by sublethal doses of toxins and to disruption of cellular cation homeostasis by carrier ionophoric toxins, when compared to the cytotoxicity and lethal toxicity assays (i.e., that evaluated the inhibition of cell proliferation in somatic cell lines (FL, PK-15, and MNA cells)) and disruption to spermatozoa membrane integrity. The CMI assay recognized subtle sublethal toxicity changes in metabolism, manifested as a decrease in boar spermatozoa motility. Thus, it was feasible to effectively compare the objectively-measured numerical values for motility inhibition using the CMI assay against those reflecting lethal damage in the spermatozoa cells and somatic cell lines using a cytotoxicity assay.
Benzotriazole Uptake and Removal in Vegetated Biofilter Mesocosms Planted with Carex praegracilis
Authors: Pritchard James Conrad , Cho Yeo-Myoung , Ashoori Negin , Wolfand Jordyn M. , Sutton Jeff D. , Carolan Margaret E. , Gamez Eduardo , Doan Khoa , Wiley Joshua S. , Luthy Richard G.
Published: November 2018

Urban stormwater runoff is a significant source of pollutants in surface water bodies. One such pollutant, 1H-benzotriazole, is a persistent, recalcitrant trace organic contaminant commonly used as a corrosion inhibitor in airplane deicing processes, automobile liquids, and engine coolants. This study explored the removal of 1H-benzotriazole from stormwater using bench-scale biofilter mesocosms planted with California native sedge, Carex praegracilis, over a series of three storm events and succeeding monitoring period. Benzotriazole metabolites glycosylated benzotriazole and benzotriazole alanine were detected and benzotriazole and glycosylated benzotriazole partitioning in the system were quantified. With a treatment length of seven days, 97.1% of benzotriazole was removed from stormwater effluent from vegetated biofilter mesocosms. Significant concentrations of benzotriazole and glycosylated benzotriazole were observed in the C. praegracilis leaf and root tissue. Additionally, a significant missing sink of benzotriazole developed in the vegetated biofilter mesocosms. This study suggests that vegetation may increase the operating lifespan of bioretention basins by enhancing the degradation of dissolved trace organic contaminants, thus increasing the sorption capacity of the geomedia.
Effects of Dredging Season on Sediment Properties and Nutrient Fluxes across the Sediment–Water Interface in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu, China
Authors: Zhong Ji-Cheng , Yu Ju-Hua , Zheng Xiao-Lan , Wen Shuai-Long , Liu De-Hong , Fan Cheng-Xin
Published: November 2018

The influence of dredging season on sediment properties and nutrient fluxes across the sediment–water interface remains unknown. This study collected sediment cores from two sites with different pollution levels in Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake (China). The samples were used in simulation experiments designed to elucidated the effects of dredging on internal loading in different seasons. The results showed that dredging the upper 30 cm of sediment could effectively reduce the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the sediments. Total biological activity in the dredged sediment was weaker (p < 0.05) than in the undredged sediment in all seasons for both the Inner Bay and Outer Bay, but the effect of 30-cm dredging on sediment oxygen demand was negligible. Dredging had a significant controlling effect on phosphorus release in both the Inner Bay and Outer Bay, and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) fluxes from the dredged cores were generally lower (p < 0.05) than from the undredged cores. In contrast, NH4+-N fluxes from the dredged cores were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than from the undredged cores in all seasons for both sites, this indicates short-term risk of NH4+-N release after dredging, and this risk is greatest in seasons with higher temperatures, especially for the Inner Bay. Dredging had a limited effect on NO2−-N and NO3−-N fluxes at both sites. These results suggest that dredging could be a useful approach for decreasing internal loading in Taihu Lake, and that the seasons with low temperature (non-growing season) are suitable for performing dredging projects.
Transmission-reprise : un secteur en structuration
Authors: Le Rudulier Karine
Published: November 2018

Le thème de la transmission et de la reprise d'entreprises connaît depuis quelques années une plus grande médiatisation. L'objet de cet article, après une étude de l'état de l'art, est de recenser les acteurs, réseaux et actions mis en place pour les cédants et repreneurs.
Le causse de Gramat : les atouts du paysage karstique
Authors: Salomon Jean-Noël
Published: November 2018

Le Causse de Gramat et ses alentours présentent une panoplie d'attraits de paysages karstiques exceptionnels qui, depuis longtemps, en ont fait leur réputation. Pourtant, de nos jours, seuls quelques grands sites naturels (Padirac, Rocamadour, Pech Merle...) sont réellement mis en valeur pour et par le tourisme. Le but de cet article est de montrer qu'au-delà de ces quelques joyaux, il existe aussi de multiples sites naturels qui méritent le détour, encore faut-il les connaître et les faire connaître. Dans une région en proie à de multiples difficultés économiques du fait des transformations agricoles, le tourisme vert offre une alternative séduisante et prometteuse, illustrée par la mise en place du Parc Naturel du Quercy. C'est dans ce contexte que la mise en valeur du patrimoine karstique doit être impulsée, ainsi que la protection des ressources en eau, de plus en plus précieuses
Computed Tomography–Quantified Body Composition Predicts Short-Term Outcomes After Gastrectomy in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhang Y. , Wang J.P. , Wang X.L. , Tian H. , Gao T.T. , Tang L.M. , Tian F. , Wang J.W. , Zheng H.J. , Zhang L. , Gao X.J. , Li G.L. , Wang X.Y.
Published: November 2018

Background: Malnutrition is a common and critical problem that influences outcome in cancer patients. Body composition reflects a patient’s metabolic profile and physiologic reserves, which might be the true determinant of prognosis. In the present study, which aimed to identify valuable new prognostic indicators, we investigated the association between computed tomography–quantified body composition and short-term outcomes after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Methods: Skeletal muscle index, mean muscle attenuation, and ratio of visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue area (VSR) were calculated from preoperative computed tomography images. Low skeletal muscle index, low mean muscle attenuation, and high VSR were respectively termed “sarcopenia,” “myosteatosis,” and “visceral obesity.” The association of body composition with postoperative complications and serum markers of nutrition and inflammation after radical gastrectomy were analyzed. Results: The overall complication rate was significantly higher in the sarcopenia (62.5% vs. 27.3%, p = 0.001) and myosteatosis groups (38.2% vs. 4%, p = 0.002). Patients with visceral obesity had a higher incidence of inflammatory complications (20.3% vs. 6.5%, p = 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that sarcopenia (p = 0.013), myosteatosis (p = 0.017), and low serum retinol-binding protein (p = 0.019) were independent risk factors for overall complications. Compared with control subjects, patients with sarcopenia had lower postoperative levels of serum retinol-binding protein (p = 0.007), and patients with visceral obesity had higher levels of C-reactive protein (p = 0.026). Conclusions: Sarcopenia, myosteatosis, and visceral obesity were significantly associated with increased rates of postoperative complications and affected the postoperative nutrition and inflammation status of patients with gastric cancer.
Opportunity is the Greatest Barrier to Providing Palliative Care to Advanced Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Survey of Oncology Clinicians
Authors: Earp M. A. , Sinnarajah Aynharan , Kerba M. , Tang P. A. , Rodriguez-Arguello J. , King S. , Watanabe S. M. , Simon J. E.
Published: November 2018

Palliative care (pc) is part of the recommended standard of care for patients with advanced cancer. Nevertheless, delivery of pc is inconsistent. Patients who could benefit from pc services are often referred late—or not at all. In planning for improvements to oncology pc practice in our health care system, we sought to identify barriers to the provision of earlier pc, as perceived by health care providers managing patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mcrc). We used the Michie Theoretical Domains Framework (tdf) and Behaviour Change Wheel (bcw), together with knowledge of previously identified barriers, to develop a 31-question survey. The survey was distributed by e-mail to mcrc health care providers, including physicians, nurses, and allied staff. Responses were obtained from 57 providers (40% response rate). The most frequently cited barriers were opportunity-related—specifically, lack of time, of clinic space for consultations, and of access to specialist pc staff or services. Qualitative responses revealed that resource limitations varied by cancer centre location. In urban centres, time and space were key barriers. In rural areas, access to specialist pc was the main limiter. Self-perceived capability to manage pc needs was a barrier for 40% of physicians and 30% of nurses. Motivation was the greatest facilitator, with 89% of clinicians perceiving that patients benefit from pc. Based on the Michie tdf and bcw model, interventions that best address the identified barriers are enablement and environmental restructuring. Those findings are informing the development of an intervention plan to improve oncology pc practices in a publicly funded health care system.
Applying Deep Learning to Fast Radio Burst Classification
Authors: Connor Liam , van Leeuwen Joeri
Published: November 2018

Upcoming fast radio burst (FRB) surveys will search ∼103 beams on the sky with a very high duty cycle, generating large numbers of single-pulse candidates. The abundance of false positives presents an intractable problem if candidates are to be inspected by eye, making it a good application for artificial intelligence (AI). We apply deep learning to single-pulse classification and develop a hierarchical framework for ranking events by their probability of being astrophysical transients. We construct a treelike deep neural network that takes multiple or individual data products as input (e.g., dynamic spectra and multibeam information) and trains on them simultaneously. We have built training and test sets using false-positive triggers from real telescopes, simulated FRBs, and pulsar single pulses. Training the network was independently done for both the CHIME Pathfinder and Apertif. High accuracy and recall can be achieved with a labeled training set of a few thousand events. Even with high triggering rates, classification can be done very quickly on graphical processing units, which is essential for selective voltage dumps or real-time VOEvents. We investigate whether dedispersion back ends could be replaced by a real-time DNN classifier. It is shown that a single forward propagation through a moderate convolutional network could be faster than brute-force dedispersion, but the low signal-to-noise per pixel makes such a classifier suboptimal for this problem. Real-time automated classification will prove useful for bright, unexpected signals, both now and when searchable parameter spaces outgrow our ability to manually inspect data, such as for the SKA and ngVLA.
The Efficiency of Noble Gas Trapping in Astrophysical Environments
Authors: Ciesla Fred J. , Krijt Sebastiaan , Yokochi Reika , Sandford Scott
Published: November 2018

Amorphous ice has long been invoked as a means for trapping extreme volatiles into solids, explaining the abundances of these species in comets and planetary atmospheres. Experiments have shown that this trapping is possible and has been used to estimate the abundances of each species in primitive ices after they have formed. However, these experiments have been carried out at deposition rates that exceed those expected in a molecular cloud or solar nebula by many orders of magnitude. Here, we develop a numerical model that reproduces the experimental results and apply it to those conditions expected in molecular clouds and protoplanetary disks. We find that two regimes of ice trapping exist: burial trapping, where the ratio of trapped species to water in the ice reflects that same ratio in the gas; and equilibrium trapping, where the ratio in the ice depends only on the partial pressure of the trapped species in the gas. The boundary between these two regimes is set by both the temperature and rate of ice deposition. These effects must be accounted for when determining the source of trapped volatiles during planet formation.
A Wide-field Map of Intracluster Globular Clusters in Coma
Authors: Madrid Juan P. , O’Neill Conor R. , Gagliano Alexander T. , Marvil Joshua R.
Published: November 2018

The large-scale distribution of globular clusters in the central region of the Coma cluster of galaxies is derived through the analysis of Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys data. Data from three different HST observing programs are combined in order to obtain a full surface density map of globular clusters in the core of Coma. A total of 22,426 Globular cluster candidates were selected through a detailed morphological inspection and the analysis of their magnitude and colors in two wavebands, F475W (Sloan g) and F814W (I). The spatial distribution of globular clusters defines three main overdensities in Coma that can be associated with NGC 4889, NGC 4874, and IC 4051 but have spatial scales five to six times larger than individual galaxies. The highest surface density of globular clusters in Coma is spatially coincidental with NGC 4889. The most extended overdensity of globular clusters is associated with NGC 4874. Intracluster globular clusters also form clear bridges between Coma galaxies. Red globular clusters, which agglomerate around the center of the three main subgroups, reach higher surface densities than blue ones.
Wave Generation and Heat Flux Suppression in Astrophysical Plasma Systems
Authors: Roberg-Clark G. T. , Drake J. F. , Swisdak M. , Reynolds C. S.
Published: November 2018

Heat flux suppression in collisionless plasmas for a large range of plasma β is explored using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations with a strong, sustained thermal gradient. We find that a transition takes place between whistler-dominated (high-β) and double-layer-dominated (low-β) heat flux suppression. Whistlers saturate at small amplitude in the low beta limit and are unable to effectively suppress the heat flux. Electrostatic double layers (DLs) suppress the heat flux to a mostly constant factor of the free-streaming value once this transition happens. The DL physics is an example of ion–electron coupling and occurs on a scale of roughly the electron Debye length. The scaling of ion heating associated with the various heat flux driven instabilities is explored over the full range of β explored. The range of plasma-βs studied in this work makes it relevant to the dynamics of a large variety of astrophysical plasmas, including the intracluster medium of galaxy clusters, hot accretion flows, stellar and accretion disk coronae, and the solar wind.
No Evidence for Millimeter Continuum Source Overdensities in the Environments of z ≳ 6 Quasars
Authors: Champagne Jaclyn B. , Decarli Roberto , Casey Caitlin M. , Venemans Bram , Bañados Eduardo , Walter Fabian , Bertoldi Frank , Fan Xiaohui , Farina Emanuele Paolo , Mazzucchelli Chiara , Riechers Dominik A. , Strauss Michael A. , Wang Ran , Yang Yujin
Published: November 2018

Bright high-redshift quasars (z > 6) hosting supermassive black holes (M
BH > 108
M
⊙) are expected to reside in massive host galaxies embedded within some of the earliest and most massive galaxy overdensities. We analyze 1.2 mm ALMA dust continuum maps of 35 bright quasars at 6 < z < 7 and search the primary beam for excess dust continuum emission from sources with L
IR ≳ 1012
L
⊙ as evidence for early protoclusters. We compare the detection rates of continuum sources at ≥5σ significance in the fields surrounding the quasars (A
eff = 4.3 arcmin2) with millimeter number counts in blank field surveys. We discover 15 mm sources in the fields excluding the quasars themselves, corresponding to an overdensity of δ
gal ≡ (N
gal − N
exp)/N
exp = −0.07 ± 0.56, consistent with no detected overdensity of dusty galaxies within 140 physical kpc of the quasars. However, the apparent lack of continuum overdensity does not negate the hypothesis that quasars live in overdense environments, as evidenced by strong [C ii] overdensities found on the same scales as similarly selected quasars. The small field of view of ALMA could miss a true overdensity if it exists on scales larger than 1 cMpc, if the quasar is not centered in the overdensity, or if quasar feedback plays a role close to the quasar, but it is most likely that the large line-of-sight volume probed by a continuum survey will wash out a true overdensity signal. We discuss the necessary factors in determining the bias with which dusty star-forming galaxies trace true dark matter overdensities in order to improve upon overdensity searches in the dust continuum.
Dense Molecular Filaments Feeding a Starburst: ALMA Maps of CO(3–2) in Henize 2–10
Authors: Beck Sara C. , Turner Jean L. , Consiglio S. Michelle
Published: November 2018

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array CO(3–2) observations at 0.″3 resolution of He 2–10, a starburst dwarf galaxy and possible high-z galaxy analog. The warm dense gas traced by CO(3–2) is found in clumpy filaments that are kinematically and spatially distinct. The filaments have no preferred orientation or direction; this may indicate that the galaxy is not evolving into a disk galaxy. Filaments appear to be feeding the active starburst; the velocity field in one filament suggests acceleration onto an embedded star cluster. The relative strengths of CO(3–2) and radio continuum vary strongly on decaparsec scales in the starburst. There is no CO(3–2) clump coincident with the nonthermal radio source that has been suggested to be an AGN, nor unusual kinematics. The kinematics of the molecular gas show significant activity that is apparently unrelated to the current starburst. The longest filament, east of the starburst, has a pronounced shear of FWHM ∼40 km s−1 across its ∼50 pc width over its entire ≈0.5 kpc length. The cause of the shear is not clear. This filament is close in projection to a “dynamically distinct” CO feature previously seen in CO(1–0). The most complex region and the most highly disturbed gas velocities are in a region 200 pc south of the starburst. The CO(3–2) emission there reveals a molecular outflow, of line width FWZI ∼ 120–140 km s−1, requiring an energy ≳1053 erg s−1. There is at present no candidate for the driving source of this outflow.
Rovibrational Chemistry of
, HD, and H2 in the Recombination Era
Authors: Walker Kyle M. , Porter R. L. , Stancil P. C.
Published: November 2018

A new model of the chemical evolution of primordial species in the Recombination Era, focusing on rovibrational molecular level populations and line emission, the main cooling process for low-temperature primordial gas, is presented. Since molecular excitation calculations are vital in determining particle velocity distributions, internal state distributions, abundances, and ionization balance in gaseous environments, our model of the early universe considers nonthermal level populations using new state-to-state collisional excitation rate coefficients and reaction rates. This model of Recombination Era astrochemistry highlights the level populations of

, HD, and H2 and expands upon the current chemical networks by considering deuterated, ionized, and excited species. We furthermore couple the heat equation to the chemical network to form a complete model of thermal balance and dynamical evolution of primordial gas in the early universe. A developmental version of the spectral synthesis package Cloudy was used to model the primordial gas, and a data set of

vibrational excitation rate coefficients due to H collisions are provided.
Statistical Properties of Paired Fixed Fields
Authors: Villaescusa-Navarro Francisco , Naess Sigurd , Genel Shy , Pontzen Andrew , Wandelt Benjamin , Anderson Lauren , Font-Ribera Andreu , Battaglia Nicholas , Spergel David N.
Published: November 2018

The initial conditions of cosmological simulations are commonly drawn from a Gaussian ensemble. The limited number of modes inside simulations gives rise to sample variance: statistical fluctuations that limit the accuracy of the simulation predictions. Fixed fields offer an alternative initialization strategy; they have the same power spectrum as Gaussian fields but no intrinsic amplitude scatter. Paired fixed fields consist of two fixed fields with opposite phases that cancel phase correlations. We study the statistical properties of those fields for 19 different quantities at different redshifts through a large set of 600 N-body and 530 state-of-the-art magnetohydrodynamic simulations. We find that paired fixed simulations do not introduce a bias on any of the examined quantities. We quantify the statistical improvement brought by these simulations on different power spectra—matter, halos, cold dark matter, gas, stars, galaxies, and magnetic fields—finding that they can reduce their variance by factors as large as 106. We quantify the improvement achieved by fixing and by pairing, showing that sample variance can be highly suppressed by pairing after fixing. Paired fixed simulations do not change the scatter in quantities such as the probability distribution function or the halo, void, or stellar mass functions. We argue that procedures aiming at reducing the sample variance of those quantities are unlikely to work. Our results show that paired fixed simulations do not affect either mean relations or scatter of galaxy properties and suggest that the information embedded in one-point statistics is highly complementary to that in clustering.
Blue Straggler Bimodality: A Brownian Motion Model
Authors: Pasquato Mario , Miocchi Paolo , Yoon Suk-Jin
Published: November 2018

The shape of the radial distribution of blue straggler stars (BSS), when normalized to a reference population of horizontal branch (HB) stars, has been found to be a powerful indicator of the dynamical evolution reached by a globular cluster (GC). In particular, observations suggest that the BSS distribution bimodality is modulated by the dynamical age of the host GC; dynamically unrelaxed GCs show a flat BSS distribution, and more relaxed GCs show a minimum at a radius that increases for increasing dynamical age, resulting in a natural “dynamical clock.” While direct N-body simulations are able to reproduce the general trend, thus supporting its dynamical origin, the migration of the minimum of the distribution appears to be noisy and not well defined. Here we show that a simple unidimensional model based on dynamical friction (drift) and Brownian motion (diffusion) correctly reproduces the qualitative motion of the minimum, without adjustable parameters except for the BSS to HB stars mass ratio. Differential dynamical friction effects combine with diffusion to create a bimodality in the BSS distribution and to determine its evolution, driving the migration of the minimum to larger radii over time. The diffusion coefficient is strongly constrained by the need to reproduce the migratory behavior of the minimum, and the radial dependence of diffusion set by fundamental physical arguments automatically satisfies this constraint. Therefore, our model appears to capture the fluctuation–dissipation dynamics that underpins the dynamical clock.
Optimized Radio Follow-up of Binary Neutron-star Mergers
Authors: Carbone Dario , Corsi Alessandra
Published: November 2018

Motivated by the recent discovery of the binary neutron-star (BNS) merger GW170817, we determine the optimal observational setup for detecting and characterizing radio counterparts of nearby (d

L
 ∼ 40 Mpc) BNS mergers. We simulate GW170817-like radio transients, and radio afterglows generated by fast jets with isotropic energy

erg, expanding in a low-density interstellar medium (ISM;

cm−3), observed from different viewing angles (from slightly off-axis to largely off-axis). We then determine the optimal timing of GHz radio observations following the precise localization of the BNS radio counterpart candidate, assuming a sensitivity comparable to that of the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. The optimization is done so as to ensure that properties such as viewing angle and circumstellar density can be correctly reconstructed with the minimum number of observations. We show that radio is the optimal band to explore the fastest ejecta from BNSs in the low-density ISM, since the optical emission is likely to be dominated by the so-called “kilonova” component, while X-rays from the jet are detectable only for a small subset of the BNS models considered here. Finally, we discuss how future radio arrays like the next-generation VLA would improve the detectability of BNS mergers with physical parameters similar to those explored here.
FTIR Laboratory Measurement of O i Spectra in the 0.77–12.5 μm Spectral Range: Rydberg States and Oscillator Strengths
Authors: Civiš S. , Kubelík P. , Ferus M. , Zanozina E. M. , Pastorek A. , Naskidashvili A. V. , Chernov V. E.
Published: November 2018

Precision laboratory measurements are presented for 135 O i lines in the infrared (including 51 lines not measured previously in the laboratory) using time-resolved Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the 800–13,000 cm−1 region. The fine structure of some lines is observed for the first time. Using our linelist together with all relevant measurements from other works, we perform a re-optimization of O i level energies to obtain an internally consistent system of 2p
3[4
S]nl levels. Some O i level energies measured long ago are corrected. We also present a long list of oscillator strengths calculated with the help of quantum defect theory.
The spider genus Pterotricha Kulczyński, 1903 (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Zamani Alireza
Published: November 2018

Spiders of the gnaphosid genus Pterotricha Kulczyński, 1903 occurring in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are surveyed on the basis of a large collection deposited in the American Museum of Natural History. Within the examined material, six species were recognized, four of which are described as new to science: P.arabicasp. n. (♂♀), P.esyuninisp. n. (♂), P.nadolnyisp. n. (♂) and P.stevensisp. n. (♂), and two are newly recorded for the fauna of the UAE: P.dalmasi Fage, 1929 (hitherto known from Algeria, Egypt, Sudan, Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and possibly Iran) and P.kovblyuki Zamani & Marusik, 2018 (hitherto known only from Iran). Illustrations for all treated species and a map of collection localities are provided.
Notulae to the Italian alien vascular flora: 6
Authors: Galasso Gabriele , Domina Gianniantonio , Alessandrini Alessandro , Ardenghi Nicola M.G. , Bacchetta Gianluigi , Ballelli Sandro , Bartolucci Fabrizio , Brundu Giuseppe , Buono Sergio , Busnardo Giuseppe , Calvia Giacomo , Capece Paolo , D’Antraccoli Marco , Di Nuzzo Luca , Fanfarillo Emanuele , Ferretti Giulio , Guarino Riccardo , Iamonico Duilio , Iberite Mauro , Latini Marta , Lazzaro Lorenzo , Lonati Michele , Lozano Vanessa , Magrini Sara , Mei Giacomo , Mereu Giuliano , Moro Andrea , Mugnai Michele , Nicolella Gianluca , Nimis Pier Luigi , Olivieri Nicola , Pennesi Riccardo , Peruzzi Lorenzo , Podda Lina , Probo Massimiliano , Prosser Filippo , Ravetto Enri Simone , Roma-Marzio Francesco , Ruggero Alessandro , Scafidi Filippo , Stinca Adriano , Nepi Chiara
Published: November 2018

In this contribution, new data concerning the distribution of vascular flora alien to Italy are presented. It includes new records, confirmations, exclusions, and status changes for Italy or for Italian administrative regions of taxa in the generaAcalypha,Acer,Canna,Cardamine,Cedrus,Chlorophytum,Citrus,Cyperus,Epilobium,Eucalyptus,Euphorbia,Gamochaeta,Hesperocyparis,Heteranthera,Lemna,Ligustrum,Lycium,Nassella,Nothoscordum,Oenothera,Osteospermum,Paspalum,Pontederia,Romulea,Rudbeckia,Salvia,Sesbania,Setaria,Sicyos,Styphnolobium,Symphyotrichum, andTradescantia. Nomenclature and distribution updates, published elsewhere, and corrigenda are provided as supplementary material.
Vers d’autres doctorats entre mondes divergents
Authors: Brackelaire Jean-Luc
Published: November 2018

Des thèses de doctorat entre des mondes divergents sont de belles occasions pour les doctorants et pour les équipes qui les accompagnent de s’ouvrir à d’autres modes d’élaboration de savoir et d’en inventer des formes nouvelles en adéquation avec l’altérité, l’interculturalité et le caractère inédit des phénomènes étudiés. Ces occasions d’ouverture et de création se heurtent néanmoins à de redoutables obstacles occasionnant plutôt fermeture et souffrance. De telles impasses, lorsqu’elles sont reconnues, élaborées et dépassées entre les acteurs engagés, peuvent déboucher sur de nouveaux chemins et, si on s’en instruit collectivement, frayer la route aux suivants et ouvrir l’avenir. Une chose est de tirer parti des difficultés affrontées sur un parcours de thèse pour aboutir tout de même à un résultat qui en vaut la peine. Autre chose est de tirer enseignement des obstacles rencontrés ensemble pour baliser autrement de futurs parcours possibles. Des points de souffrance qui hantent les traversées doctorales interculturelles deviennent des points de repères pour converger vers des formes plus ouvertes de construction de savoirs entre mondes divergents.
Anterior C1-C2 Screw Fixation and Bony Fusion Through an Anterior Retropharyngeal Approach
Authors: Vaccaro Alexander R , Lehman Andrew P , Ahlgren Bradley D , Garfin Steven R
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

We present a case that demonstrates an occasion where an alternative method of Cl -C2 fusion may be used when a posterior approach limited to the atlantoaxial level is not desirable. A 22-year-old man presented with a symptomatic nonunited Brooks posterior atlantoaxial fusion following a chronically displaced type Il odontoid fracture with a two-part fracture of the posterior arch of Cl . An anterior retropharyngeal approach was used to perform an anterior Cl - C2 fusion with screw fixation. The surgical technique, as well as the merits and indications of this infrequently used procedure, are discussed.
Initial Trabeculectomy With Intraoperative Mitomycin-C Application in Primary Glaucomas
Authors: Rasheed El Sayed
Published: November 2018

* PURPOSE: This is a prospective randomized study designed to compare the overall efficacy of intraoperative application of mitomycin-C (MMC) in eyes with no previous ocular surgery versus standard trabeculectomy without MMC.

* METHODS: Twenty- five patients with primary glaucoma had been treated with trabeculectomy in one eye and trabeculectomy with MMC in the other eye. Patients were followed up for 18 months.

* RESULTS: Intraocular pressure (IOP) was 20 mm Hg or less in 23 eyes (92%) in the treatment group after a mean follow up of 17.8 ±1.1 months and 17 control eyes (68%) after mean follow up period of 17.8 ±1.2 months (range, 16.7-19 months). Wound leaks occurred in 10 (40%) of the treatment group and 3 (12%) of control group. Bleb scarring developed in 1 eye (4%) of the treatment group and 6 (24%) of the control group. Hypotony maculopathy developed in 3 (12%) of the MMC group. Postoperatively, laser suture lysis was needed in 13 (52%) of the treatment group and 21 (84%) of the control group. Additional filter was needed in (4%) of the treatment group, while additional filters were needed in 7 (28%) of the control group.

* CONCLUSION: Intraoperative MMC application may increase the success rate of glaucoma surgery, but close follow-up and meticulous management of patients are needed, especially in the early postoperative period.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:360-366.]
Modelling the effects of more selective trawl nets on the productivity of European hake (Merluccius merluccius) and deep-water rose shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) stocks in the Strait of Sicily
Authors: Vitale Sergio , Enea Marco , Milisenda Giacomo , Gancitano Vita , Luca Geraci Michele , Falsone Fabio , Bono Gioacchino , Fiorentino Fabio , Colloca Francesco
Published: November 2018

Single-species Gadget models were used to assess the effects of using a sorting grid mounted on the traditional trawl net used by Sicilian trawlers to exploit the deep-water rose shrimp in the Strait of Sicily. The main commercial by-catch species of this fleet is the European hake (Merluccius merluccius), often caught at sizes well below the minimum conservation reference size. Selectivity curves based on the results of an experimental survey carried out in the area using a commercial trawler equipped with an ad hoc-designed sorting grid were incorporated into single-species Gadget models to forecast the effects of changing fishery selectivity on the performance of the two stocks in terms of catch and biomass. The models included catch data from the Italian, Tunisian and Maltese fleets as well as MEDITS trawl survey data for the period 2002-2016. Several scenarios were defined to simulate the effect of the Italian trawlers’ adopting the sorting grid under different stock-recruitment assumptions. The results obtained, when compared with status quo simulations of fishing without a sorting grid mounted on the trawl net, indicated a beneficial effect for both stocks in terms of an increase in biomass and for the fleets in terms of the amount and size composition of annual landings.