bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Definition of families, subfamilies, genera and subgenera of the Eutardigrada, and keys to their identification
Authors: PILATO GIOVANNI , BINDA MARIA GRAZIA
Published: November 2018

The systematic arrangement of the Eutardigrada has radically changed since 1969 due to the new evaluation of characteristics of the claws and of the bucco-pharyngeal apparatus and the use of some characters overlooked before. After that date, as a consequence, four new families and 40 genera have been instituted. Given the changes and number of novelties, the authors have updated the definitions of all familial and generic taxa and have provided keys to aid identification.
Description of the male of the spider Dubiaranea difficilis (Araneae: Linyphiidae), with new records and modeling of its potential geographic distribution
Authors: RUBIO GONZALO D. , RODRIGUES EVERTON N. L. , ACOSTA LUIS E.
Published: November 2018

The male of Dubiaranea difficilis (Mello-Leitão 1944) is described and illustrated for the first time. New geographic records of this species are provided, and its potential distribution is modeled using MAXENT. The actual and potential distribution of Dubiaranea difficilis proved to be much larger than the hitherto known records. This species inhabits at least in three ecoregional sectors in Argentina (northwestern area, central Sierras, and the Pampas), and is also likely that inhabits in Brazil and Bolivia. Possible causes of its wide and environmentally heterogeneous distribution are discussed.
Polydactylus luparensis, a new species of threadfin (Perciformes: Polynemidae) from the Batang Lupar River, Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia
Authors: LIM PEK KHIOK ANNIE , MOTOMURA HIROYUKI , GAMBANG ALBERT CHUAN
Published: November 2018

A new species of large-sized brackishwater threadfin, Polydactylus luparensis, is described from the Batang Lupar River in Sarawak, Malaysia, Borneo on the basis of 5 specimens (610–715 mm standard length). The new species can be distinguished from all other Polydactylus by having 8 dorsal-fin spines, first spine tiny, second spine very strong (its width more than 5 times the width of remaining spines); 13 second dorsal-fin soft rays; 11 anal-fin soft rays; 12 pectoralfin rays, its length 22–24% (mean 23%) of SL, posterior tip not reaching a vertical through posterior tip of depressed pelvic fin; 6 pectoral filaments, fourth or fifth filament longest, its length 77–85% (mean 81%) of SL, posterior tip extending slightly beyond caudal-fin base; pored lateral-lined scales 67–75 (mean 71); lateral line unbranched, extending onto upper end of lower caudal-fin lobe; 6 scale rows above lateral line, 8 below; 14 gill rakers on upper limb, 18 on lower limb, 32 in total; occipital profile concave; posterior margin of maxilla extending considerably beyond a vertical through posterior margin of adipose eyelid; depth of posterior margin of maxilla 4–5% (mean 5%) of SL, greater than orbit diameter; well-developed swimbladder present; basal half of third to sixth pectoral filament white, becoming black distally. Polydactylus luparensis is currently known only from the mouth of the Batang Lupar River.
Pycnoclavella stolonialis n. sp. (Tunicata: Ascidiacea), with phylogenetic and distributional remarks on the genus in Europe
Authors: PÉREZ-PORTELA R. , GOODWIN C. E. , PICTON B. E. , TURON X.
Published: November 2018

Morphological and molecular data based on the COI gene were used to describe a new species of the colonial ascidian genus Pycnoclavella. The new species, P. stolonialis, is widespread sublittorally in the Irish Sea and also occurs on the western Irish coast, Wales and eastern England and may be locally common. It has been commonly known as the ‘pin head’ sea squirt since first recorded from Northern Ireland in 1984 but has not yet been formally described. P. stolonialis is the only described species of Pycnoclavella combining the presence of stolons, peribranchial incubation mode and a larva lacking an otolith. In addition, it features ca. 10% sequence divergence with the closest species of the genus in our phylogenetic trees. P. stolonialis showed intermediate characters between two groups of Pycnoclavella; the stanleyi and the aurilucens groups. Larval morphology and molecular data supported the inclusion of P. stolonialis within the aurilucens group, but the stolonial colony structure is characteristic of the stanleyi group. This implies that colony structure may not be a good character for separating these two groups. New information on distribution is given for P. atlantica, P. aurilucens and P. communis.
On Amphibolocypris arida sp.nov. (Crustacea, Ostracoda), from rock pools in Botswana (southern Africa)
Authors: JOCQUE MERLIJN , BRENDONCK LUC , RIDDOCH BRUCE J , MARTENS KOEN
Published: November 2018

The ostracod fauna of southern Africa remains ill-known, in spite of the fact that the temporary pools of this zoogeographical region hold degrees of endemicity comparable only to those of the ancient lakes of East Africa. The present contribution describes a new species of the cypridid genus Amphibolocypris, A. arida sp.nov., and announces the existence of at least two further new species from the same area. The genus, up to now presumed monospecific, might constitute an extensive radiation across southern Africa. Unusually large species-specific differences in hemipenis outline morphology appear to indicate that speciation occurred through sexual, rather than through natural selection. The occurrence of the claw-like subapical seta on the walking limb in at least four genera could be a case of convergent evolution, at least in one, maybe even in two cases between species of different genera and even subfamilies.
Review and Revision of Nysius Dallas of Australia and South West Pacific (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Orsillidae)
Authors: MALIPATIL M. B.
Published: November 2018

During a review of Australian Nysius Dallas, types of all species recorded from Australia and its territories and neighbouring areas in the South West Pacific were examined. As a result of this, the following synonymies have become necessary: Nysius andrewsi Izzard and N. usingeri Izzard as junior synonyms of N. vinitor Bergroth; N. clevelandensis Evans, N. turneri Evans, N. pacificus China, N. dissimilis Izzard, and N. villicus Van Duzee as junior synonyms of N. caledoniae Distant. Other species from Australia and the South West Pacific which have had their status confirmed in this study are: N. spectabilis Distant, N. pulchellus Stål, N. picipes Usinger, N. oceanicus Usinger, and N. femoratus Van Duzee. A lectotype is designated for N. vinitor Bergroth. A key to all species now recognised from Australia and the SW Pacific is provided.
Taxonomy of the Proisotoma complex. III. A revision of the genus Narynia (Collembola: Isotomidae) with a description of a new species from China
Authors: HUANG CHENG-WANG , POTAPOV MIKHAIL , GAO YAN
Published: November 2018

The three known species in the genus Narynia Martynova, Narynia setosa Martynova, Narynia andreevae Martynova in Martynova & Tshelnokov and Narynia kolimiensis Martynova are revised based on type specimens. A new species for the genus, Narynia luanae sp.n. from Northwest China, is described. An identification key to the species and the diagnosis of the genus are given.
Elemental Analysis of Asphaltenes Using Simultaneous Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)–Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (LA-ICP-OES)
Authors: Oropeza Dayana , González Jhanis , Chirinos José , Zorba Vassilia , Rogel Estrella , Ovalles César , López-Linares Francisco
Published: November 2018

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (LA-ICP-OES) were used simultaneously for the elemental analysis of asphaltene samples using minimum sample pretreatment in combination with low laser energy to reduce the amount of removed particles and avoid carbon deposits in the ablation cell. Quantitative analyses of S, Ni, and V were accomplished with LA-ICP-OES using external calibration with the C line as internal standard. The aromatic/paraffinic nature of the asphaltenes was also obtained throughout the H/C ratio using LIBS and partial least square regression model. The results showed very good agreement (±10%) between the concentration obtained by LA-ICP-OES and microwave-assisted acid digestion values.
The “Older” Market—Fact or Fiction?
Authors: Reinecke John A.
Published: November 2018

Does the “over-65” market have real significance for most American firms today?

Figures on income and expenditure provide some interesting clues. They are of special interest to marketing executives who are contemplating “senior citizens” as a market target.
The Woman's Day Case and Cooperative Advertising
Authors: Tarpey Lawrence X.
Published: November 2018

Section 2(d) of the Robinson-Patman Act seeks to regulate cooperative advertising. The “Woman's Day” case raises some important questions concerning the type of marketing activities to be regulated under Section 2(d). One such question is: What is cooperative advertising?
Marketing Communications in Nonbusiness Situations or why its so Hard to Sell Brotherhood like Soap
Authors: Rothschild Michael L
Published: November 2018

In order to effectively use marketing communications techniques for public and nonprofit sector problems, one must consider the extreme differences between these and private sector problems. Major differences may include the presence of very high or very low involvement, issues offering few perceivable benefits to individuals, and high monetary prices. A framework for considering very high and very low involvement cases is considered and options for marketers are presented.
Realism or Relativism for Marketing Theory and Research: A Comment on Hunt's “Scientific Realism”
Authors: Peter J. Paul
Published: November 2018

Hunt's 1990 interpretation of scientific realism is compared with the relativistic/constructionist view previously introduced in this journal. Though some similarities are found, the two views differ most strikingly in terms of the nature of reality, the nature of truth, and the value of the concept of incommensurability. Several implications are offered for marketing scientists about what difference it makes which view they accept. However, the author concludes that philosophically oriented marketing theorists need to further demonstrate the value of their work for practicing marketing scientists.
In Pursuit of an Ideal: The Editorial and Literary History of the Journal of Marketing
Authors: Kerin Roger A.
Published: November 2018

The occasion of the diamond jubilee for the Journal of Marketing affords an opportunity to chronicle its editorial and literary history in pursuit of an ideal, namely, the advancement of science and practice in marketing. This ideal has been expressed in different ways, variously manifested in over 3000 published articles during the past 60 years, and most recently embodied in the Journal of Marketing's transformation into a scholarly-professional journal. The narration and explanation of this transformation is the subject of the author's commemorative essay.
The Application of Survey Research Methods to “Model Line” Decisions
Authors: Crespi Irving
Published: November 2018

Of the many considerations that enter into the final decision as to what should be a company's model line, one of the more important is that of user needs and wants. In the main, research in this regard has focused on individual products. Research can be designed to provide a total model line picture based on user needs and wants. While there are considerable advantages to be gained thereby, a number of special methodological problems must be resolved in order for such research to provide usable information.
Marketing Mix Decisions for New Products
Authors: Kotler Philip
Published: November 2018

In evaluating a new product idea, it can be misleading to consider only one conception of the product's attributes and marketing program. Different conceptions of the marketing mix will yield different estimates of profit potential. The author shows how the “best” marketing mix can be found under the conditions of limited information. The estimated profit potential of this best mix becomes the basis for judging whether the company should develop the new product.
Model-Building in Marketing Research
Authors: Massy William F. , Webster Frederick E.
Published: November 2018

The relationship between behavioral and optimization models should be more clearly understood. The authors define the characteristics of each, using published market research findings. They discuss the implications of the behavioral-optimization model dichotomy for the marketing research department, and suggest an organizational arrangement for using research data more effectively in management decision making.
Predicting Short-Term Changes in Market Share as a Function of Advertising Strategy
Authors: Buzzell Robert D.
Published: November 2018

This article presents the results of a series of multiple regression analyses in which past market share, advertising expenditure share, and test scores for television commercials were used to predict changes in market shares. The results suggest that the quality of advertising message content-and-presentation, as measured by the test scores, is closely related to short-term changes in market shares for food and drug products. This relationship implies that marketing models based on dollar expenditures alone cannot provide sufficient explanations of market response to advertising.
Market Share Determination: A Low Cost Approach
Authors: Stern Louis W.
Published: November 2018

Determining market share for a branded food item sold or dispensed in a variety of retail and institutional outlets can be an expensive and time consuming task. The author shows that a relatively low-cost method, relying heavily on secondary source material, may be employed to arrive at a useful approximation of a brand's standing. The method is particularly beneficial in acquisition studies.
The Effect of Question Order on Responses
Authors: Bradburn Norman M. , Mason William M.
Published: November 2018

The effects of question order were tested by using alternate forms of an interview schedule in which significant sections were systematically rotated. The major conclusion drawn from the data was that responses to questions such as those tested—questions of self-report and self-evaluation—are relatively unaffected by order of presentation.
Measuring the Market Impact of Technical Services
Authors: Simon Leonard S.
Published: November 2018

➤The success of a firm's marketing strategy may hinge upon the effective rendering of technical services. This article defines five points of customer sensitivity to the service operation, develops measures of service performance for these points, and delineates a system for ascertaining the impact of technical services.
The “Deal-Prone” Consumer
Authors: Webster Frederick E.
Published: November 2018

Deal proneness is a function of both the consumer's buying behavior and the frequency with which a given brand is sold on a deal basis. A method is developed for combining these factors in a statistical measure of deal proneness for an individual consumer. Through regression analysis four consumer variables are identified as having a significant influence on the Deal Proneness Index, but these variables explain only a small percentage of total variation in the Index. The findings raise some doubt about the ability of consumer deals to accomplish the manufacturer's promotional objectives.
Systematic Paired Comparisons in Preference Analysis
Authors: Day Ralph L.
Published: November 2018

Product tests can yield meaningful information about consumer preferences only when carefully planned and analyzed. This article presents an approach to preference analysis which seeks to reduce some of the difficulties in interpreting the results of product tests. The preference distribution concept is utilized as the organizing framework for a systematic pattern of paired comparison tests using product samples containing different levels of a particular attribute. The usefulness of the method is illustrated by a study of preferences for chocolate ice cream.
Should the AMA Encourage Arbitration of Trade Disputes?
Authors: Hollander Sidney
Published: November 2018

The advantages of AMA arbitration of trade disputes are brought out by means of an actual case history.
The Hypothesis of a Hierarchy of Effects: A Partial Evaluation
Authors: Palda Kristian S.
Published: November 2018

A widespread hypothesis in advertising is that a “hierarchy of effects” follows upon an individual's perception of an advertising message and before he buys (Attention→ Interest→ Desire→ Action). Published empirical evidence on this is examined first; then two sets of commercial research data are analyzed statistically. The emphasis is on sales as the relevant criterion; little support is found for the hypothesis.
The Consumer and His Alternatives: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Anderson Lee K. , Taylor James R. , Holloway Robert J.
Published: November 2018

Results of two laboratory experiments indicate that the number of choices involved in a purchase decision influences the consumer's decision process. The Taylor experiment suggests that as the number of items involved in the decision increases, the consumer becomes less sensitive to changes in these items. The Anderson experiment suggests that consumers will experience a greater degree of dissonance reduction, the greater the number of items in the decision.
Paired Comparison Taste Tests: Some Food for Thought
Authors: Greenberg Allan , Collins Sy
Published: November 2018

Paired comparison taste tests usually do not distinguish between discriminators and nondiscriminators. Often this is necessary, particularly when formulations are similar and preferences are close. One approach to the problem, that of a double preference test, and several implications are discussed and illustrated.
An Exploration of Linear Programming in Media Selection
Authors: Bass Frank M. , Lonsdale Ronald T.
Published: November 2018

➤ This article explores operational details of the application of linear programming to advertising media selection. The influence of weighting systems used to adjust audience data and various restraint systems is examined with actual data as inputs.
Quantitative Analyses of the Effectiveness of TV Commercials
Authors: Rohloff Albert C.
Published: November 2018

A test of a particular television commercial or of a print advertisement represents a sampling of dynamic respondent brand awareness and choice. A simple structural relationship is described which can provide useful insights for interpreting test results and for dealing with audience-commercial wearout phenomena.
A Behavioral Experiment in Sales Effort Allocation
Authors: Green Paul E. , Halbert Michael H. , Robinson Patrick J.
Published: November 2018

This article is concerned with the effect of a problem's environmental context on the learning of an “optimal” allocation rule. A series of sales allocation problems were presented to groups of executive and student subjects. While the allocation principle remained invariant over conditions, the context of the problem was experimentally modified. Results of the experiments indicated that: (1) both groups of subjects performed about the same; (2) the modifications made in the “surface” complexity of the problem did not markedly affect the probability of learning the allocation principle; and (3) a constant-probability-over-trials model appeared to describe learning behavior.
Geographic Mobility and Market Segmentation
Authors: Andreasen Alan R.
Published: November 2018

The study reported here attempts to demonstrate the value of geographic mobility as a dimension for segmenting consumer markets. After offering a tentative theory of geographic mobility, the author provides evidence showing geographic mobiles to be high in purchasing power, important customers for particular products and services and likely to engage in product, brand and store switching.
Consumption Coincidence in Product Evaluation
Authors: Dommermuth William P. , Millard William J.
Published: November 2018

Can environmental conditions extraneous to the product but coincidental with its use affect consumers’ evaluations of product quality? This study suggests that they can and discusses some potential implications.
Personality Correlates of Opinion Leadership and Innovative Buying Behavior
Authors: Robertson Thomas S. , Myers James H.
Published: November 2018

Relationship of standardized personality variables to opinion leadership and innovativeness is assessed using the California Psychological Inventory. In general, correlation and regression analysis reveals weak relationships and low predictive ability, although this varies by product category. Marketers trying to reach innovative or influential individuals will find little help in identifying these people by basic personality variables.
SYMAP: Computer Graphics for Marketing Management
Authors: Wolf Jack S.
Published: November 2018

A relatively new computer mapping program called Synagraphic Mapping System (SYMAP) has potential usefulness for marketers. This article describes the program and briefly discusses its probable applications to marketing problems.
Attitude Measurement in a Bilingual Culture
Authors: Crosby Richard W.
Published: November 2018

This article studies the problems confronting attitude research in a bilingual market. Two experiments were conducted in Canada to develop a clearer understanding of French-English differences, not as they pertain directly to attitudes, but rather as they pertain to differential reactions to the scaling devices themselves.
A Dissonance Approach to Repeat Purchasing Behavior
Authors: Mittelstaedt Robert
Published: November 2018

In a laboratory study of consumer choice behavior, decisions tended to be repeated in conformity with a prediction generated from the theory of cognitive dissonance. The results suggest it may be possible, using this theory, to predict decision situations that will lead to repeat purchases.
Perceptions and Evaluation of the Role of the Corporate Marketing Research Department
Authors: Krum James R.
Published: November 2018

This survey of marketing research directors, their superiors and clients in 77 large corporations reveals relatively great consensus on the role of marketing research. Specific areas of disagreement, satisfaction of marketing research directors with their role, and superiors’ and clients’ perceptions of the effectiveness of marketing research are discussed.
Overlap of Opinion Leadership across Consumer Product Categories
Authors: King Charles W. , Summers John O.
Published: November 2018

This article analyzes the overlap of opinion leadership across six broad product categories; its data suggest substantial overlap—particularly across those product categories of similar interest.
Industrial Source Loyalty
Authors: Wind Yoram
Published: November 2018

The degree and determinants of source loyalty in the purchase of industrial components by an advanced electronics firm are examined through the application of multiple regression and discriminant analysis to data obtained from company records and interviews.
Dogmatism and Acceptance of New Products
Authors: Blake Brian , Perloff Robert , Heslin Richard
Published: November 2018

A two-category typology of new consumer products was used to investigate the relationship between consumer personality characteristics and acceptance of new products. It was found that the influence of a consumer's dogmatism upon his acceptance of new products was mediated by the type of new product presented.
A Measure of Brand Acceptance
Authors: Aaker David A.
Published: November 2018

A measure of brand acceptance involves a refinement of the usual stochastic model market prediction. Using this measure, the effect of consumer promotions and purchasing habits on brand acceptance is investigated and a brand health indicator is developed.
Consumers’ Attitudes toward Package Size and Price
Authors: Granger C. W. J. , Billson A.
Published: November 2018

An experimental study examined changes in consumer preference for different package sizes when price-per-unit information was explicitly provided. When given such information, consumers switched more heavily to the larger sizes.
Advertisement Complexity and Looking Time
Authors: Morrison Bruce John , Dainoff Marvin J.
Published: November 2018

The visual complexity of magazine ads was found to be positively related to looking time in all set conditions. Under an “advertising study” set, ads looked at longer were better remembered, while under a “perception study” set, ads looked at longer were poorly remembered.
A Longitudinal Study of Corrective Advertising
Authors: Dyer Robert F. , Kuehl Phillip G.
Published: November 2018

Using corrective and deceptive advertisements taken from the FTC's “Listerine Case,” the authors examine whether exposure to a single corrective advertisement can reduce residual effects emanating from exposure to deceptive advertising in a longitudinal context. Results show that limited exposure to corrective advertisements was ineffective in bringing brand beliefs into equilibrium with “normative” levels. Findings also indicate that corrective ads affect other attributes of the product category even though they are not addressed in a remedial message.
Advertising Decision Rules in a Multibrand Environment: Optimal Control Theory and Evidence
Authors: Picconi Mario J. , Olson Charles L.
Published: November 2018

The authors postulate that the firm pursues a present value profit maximization goal in determining its advertising strategy. Advertising is included in the profit function nonlinearly as a factor cost and as a demand stimulant. On the basis of optimal control theory, an optimal advertising-sales ratio decision rule is formulated with respect to the brand's demand parameters. Reliably collected data on sales and advertising expenditures on a bimonthly basis were used to obtain empirical estimates of the brand parameters. A simultaneous estimation of the demand parameters of all the competing brands was performed to harness efficiently the information inherent in the system of brand demand equations. Comparing the firm's behavior on brand advertising with the derived decision rule ratio suggests the potential usefulness of such analytical models for improving the productivity of advertising expenditures and for determining the change in advertising policy which would be appropriate in the event of changes in a brand's demand sensitivity.
Factor Analysis of Media Exposure Data Using Prior Knowledge of the Medium
Authors: Jones Vernon J. , Siller Fred H.
Published: November 2018

The application of factor analysis to media exposure data has become a tradition in the marketing literature. However, a major difficulty has been to account explicitly for prior knowledge of the medium as part of the factor analytic procedure. The authors demonstrate how prior knowledge can be used in a way that increases interpretability and reliability of factor results.
Models for Pricing Decisions
Authors: Monroe Kent B. , Bitta Albert J. Della
Published: November 2018

The authors review the major pricing decisions that must be made by managers, explain the current price decision models, and suggest the developments necessary before pricing decisions can become more “scientific” in orientation. They suggest ways market researchers can contribute to the creative development of new approaches to solving pricing problems.
Women Contrasted to Men in the Industrial Salesforce: Job Satisfaction, Values, Role Clarity, Performance, and Propensity to Leave
Authors: Busch Paul , Bush Ronald F.
Published: November 2018

Empirical investigations of differences between females and males in the industrial salesforce have not been published. This study is an attempt to begin to fill this void. Women and men are compared on six job satisfaction components, value importance of the job components, performance, role clarity, and propensity to leave the organization. The findings generally support the hypothesis of “no difference” between males and females. However, women did have lower role clarity scores and higher propensity to leave scores.
Reliability: A Review of Psychometric Basics and Recent Marketing Practices
Authors: Peter J. Paul
Published: November 2018

The basic theories and measurement procedures for reliability and the closely related concept of generalizability are reviewed, illustrated, and evaluated for use in marketing research. A critique is given of a subset of previous marketing research studies in which reliability estimates were used and recommendations are made for future research.
Attribute Importance: Contrasting Measurements
Authors: Heeler Roger M. , Okechuku Chike , Reid Stan
Published: November 2018

Three methods of obtaining attribute importance—conjoint measurement, self (questionnaire) report, and information display board—are compared and found to yield contrasting results. The results of multiattribute models, and determinant attribute and tradeoff analyses would depend on the method of measurement used. The information display board is hypothesized to yield a measure of greater face validity than the other two methods.
Setting Sales Quotas with Conjoint Analysis
Authors: Darmon René Y.
Published: November 2018

On the basis of a theoretical model of salesperson behavior, the author proposes an operational procedure in which conjoint analysis is used to determine sales quotas optimal for the company and acceptable to each salesperson.
Host Selling vs. Premium TV Commercials: An Experimental Evaluation of Their Influence on Children
Authors: Miller Joseph H. , Busch Paul
Published: November 2018

An experimental analysis of host selling, premium, and announcer television commercials directed toward children was conducted. Stage of cognitive development, sex, and race of the children were assessed as well. Premium format commercials were more effective than host and announcer commercials in producing desired behavioral changes. Girls manifested more favorable attitudes toward the advertised product but there was no difference in the percentage of boys and girls who selected the advertised product. No differences were found between white and black children in attitude or recall but a higher percentage of white children selected the advertised product than did black children.
Analysis of Contingency Tables with Sparse Values
Authors: Shields William S. , Heeler Roger M.
Published: November 2018

In the chi square analysis of cross-tabulated variables, the problem of low cell counts is usually solved by combining categories, at the cost of a loss of information, or by using larger samples, at added financial cost. Use of a chi square statistic based on an extension of the Fisher Exact Test can provide a third, less costly, alternative.
Techniques in Market Measurement: The Jackknife
Authors: Fenwick Ian
Published: November 2018

The “jackknife” technique developed by Tukey (1958), although rarely used in marketing, promises to be widely applicable. The very name of the technique was chosen to express its versatility. The jackknife offers the researcher the opportunity to reduce bias, perform significance tests, and assess the validity and stability of analyses without requiring a large sample. The author describes the jackknife method, applies the method to an analysis of international marketing effectiveness, and discusses some of its unresolved problems.
Noncontact and Refusal Rates in Consumer Telephone Surveys
Authors: Wiseman Frederick , Mcdonald Philip
Published: November 2018

An industrywide analysis of nonresponse in consumer telephone surveys is presented. Data supplied by major research firms and manufacturers indicate that many studies have a high degree of nonresponse due, in large part, to controllable factors.
Predicting Purchase and Other Behaviors from General and Contextually Specific Intentions
Authors: Warshaw Paul R.
Published: November 2018

Marketing research often finds weak correspondence between purchase intentions and subsequent behaviors. The author claims lack of contextually specific measures is partially responsible. Existent research supports this contention. The study reported empirically compares direct and conditional intentions as predictors of soft drink purchases. The conditional format is more predictive.
A Self-Perception Interpretation of the Effect of Monetary and Nonmonetary Incentives on Mail Survey Respondent Behavior
Authors: Hansen Robert A.
Published: November 2018

Self-perception theory is applied to explain mail survey respondent behavior when incentives to respond are used. The results support the hypothesis that when external cues are present (i.e., incentives are used) the level of compliance, as measured by response quality, is reduced. A monetary and a comparable value nonmonetary incentive are used. The psychological value of money explanation is supported as the monetary incentive group yields a significantly higher response rate and faster response.
Improving the Quality of Shopping Center Sampling
Authors: Sudman Seymour
Published: November 2018

Shopping center sampling is popular because of low costs, but typical procedures are haphazard and thus generalization is difficult. In this article, procedures are described for careful sampling of shopping centers. They require probability sampling of the centers and of times and locations within centers. Finally, for unbiased estimates, data must be weighted by number of trips and imputations made for nonshoppers.
Validity of Information Display Boards: An Assessment Using Longitudinal Data
Authors: Lehmann Donald R. , Moore William L. , Churchill Gilbert A.
Published: November 2018

An experiment was done in which subjects acquired information on, made choices among, and consumed their choices of five health breads once a week for six weeks. Information acquisition was monitored by means of an information display board (IDB). Validity of the method was assessed by comparing actual information acquisition with hypotheses based on theory and/or empirical evidence. This method showed reasonable construct validity. The amount of information acquired declined significantly between each pair of adjoining choice occasions. The introduction of a new brand in the fourth week did not increase total acquisition, but shifted the search primarily to the new brand. Similarly, announcement of a price reduction on one bread did not increase total acquisition, but shifted information acquisition to the reduced-price brand and to the prices of the other brands.
A Stochastic Brand Choice Framework for Econometric Modeling of Time Series Market Share Behavior
Authors: Bass Frank M. , Pilon Thomas L.
Published: November 2018

The two main purposes of this article are (1) to develop a model of individual behavior in the choice of brands which can be aggregated over consumers to produce a model of market share behavior of brands and (2) to show how modern multiple time series analysis can be applied within the general structure we develop to choose among specific alternative models. Starting at the individual level, we devise a stochastic brand choice model. The character of consumer heterogeneity is specified, permitting aggregation. The aggregation allows a model of aggregate brand switching to be derived as well as a model of market share behavior through time. Panel data are analyzed in terms of brand switching and market share behavior.
Measuring Personal Values: An Evaluation of Alternative Methods
Authors: Reynolds Thomas J. , Jolly James P.
Published: November 2018

Three methods of gathering and evaluating value profiles for use in market segmentation are compared. Different reliability estimates are found to produce different conclusions as to the relative test-retest reliability of the three methods. However, the most appropriate statistical measure, Kendall's tauB, reveals that Likert rating scales are significantly less reliable than either rank ordering or paired comparison procedures. No differences in subject interest are found among the methods, but Likert scales and rank ordering require less response time than do paired comparisons. Implications for method choice and future research are discussed.
Converging Conflicting Research Findings: The Oregon Bottle Bill Case
Authors: Geurts Michael D. , Wheeler Gloria E.
Published: November 2018

The authors describe a method for reaching a consensus with conflicting research findings and illustrate its use in the case of a current public policy issue.
Analysis of Sales Call Effectiveness
Authors: Parsons Leonard Jon , Abeele Piet Vanden
Published: November 2018

The sales response of an established ethical drug to sales calls by one Belgian pharmaceutical manufacturer is measured. A key feature is the systematic variation in the sales call elasticity over time as a function of the collateral material used.
On the Prediction Power of Market Share Attraction Models
Authors: Naert Ph. , Weverbergh M.
Published: November 2018

Logical consistency of market share models has received considerable attention in the recent marketing literature. The reports suggest that, at least theoretically, attraction-type specifications are more easily justified than the ones commonly used in empirical work. The authors examine whether the theoretical superiority also implies a better predictive performance. The empirical results give a tentatively affirmative answer.
An Examination of Comparative and Noncomparative Television Commercials: The Effects of Claim Variation and Repetition on Cognitive Response and Message Acceptance
Authors: Belch George E.
Published: November 2018

A cognitive response approach is used to examine the effects of one- and two-sided comparative and noncomparative commercials seen over three levels of repetition. Results indicate qualitative differences in the mediating roles of cognitive responses for comparative and noncomparative messages. However, no differences in the relative effectiveness of comparative and noncomparative messages are found for attitude and purchase intention measures. Also, message sidedness does not have a moderating impact on reactions to the two types of messages, and reactions to comparative messages are not influenced by prior preferences for the comparison brand.
Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error: A Comment
Authors: Bagozzi Richard P.
Published: November 2018

The author comments on Fornell and Larcker's article in the February 1981 issue of JMR. He indicates some limitations of the analyses, pinpoints where they can be misleading, and introduces some new notions.
A Scale to Measure Self-Concepts, Person Concepts, and Product Concepts
Authors: Malhotra Naresh K.
Published: November 2018

The author describes the construction of a scale to measure self-concepts, person concepts, and product concepts. Multivariate analysis and multidimensional scaling procedures are employed to develop a 15-item semantic differential scale. Measures of test-retest reliability are reported. Validity of the scale is assessed by the multitrait-multimethod matrix approach.
Effects of Foot-in-the-Door, Cash Incentives, and Followups on Survey Response
Authors: Furse David H. , Stewart David W. , Rados David L.
Published: November 2018

Only followup contacts and monetary incentives have been shown to be consistently effective in improving survey response rates. Recently researchers have been encouraged by findings that compliance with a smaller request (i.e., a foot-in-the-door) increases the probability of subsequent compliance with a larger request and have sought to exploit the technique to increase survey responses. In the authors’ study, the “foot” had no effect on initial responses to a mail survey, but did affect responses to a followup request. A cash incentive worked significantly better than the “foot.” No difference was found in the overall response rates whether the incentive was sent with the initial or followup mailing or with both mailings.
Effect of three opioid-based analgesic protocols on the perioperative autonomic-mediated cardiovascular response in sheep
Authors: Bellini Luca , De Benedictis Giulia Maria
Published: November 2018

Few reports evaluate the clinical effects of opioids in sheep during experimental surgical procedures. Catecholamine-mediated haemodynamic changes resulting from surgical noxious stimulation are blunted by opioids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three opioid-based analgesic protocols in avoiding a 20% increase in heart rate (HR) and/or mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) during experimental intervertebral disk nucleotomy in sheep. Eighteen female Brogna sheep were anaesthetized with propofol and maintained with a fixed end-tidal isoflurane concentration of 1.5 ± 0.1%. Sheep were assigned to one of three groups that intravenously received methadone 0.3 mg/kg (group M), fentanyl 2 µg/kg followed by 10 µg/kg/h (group F), or buprenorphine 10 µg/kg and 30 minutes later ketamine 1 mg/kg followed by 5 mg/kg/h (group BK). Intravenous fentanyl at 2 µg/kg would have been used for rescue analgesia in case HR and/or MAP had increased. During surgery, HR and MAP values did not increase over 20% in all groups. All animals maintained the percentage change between -4 and 7% for both variables; only one sheep in group BK had an increase in MAP superior to 20% after ketamine administration before surgical stimulation. In group M, HR decreased over time and in group BK, MAP tended to increase during surgery. All the opioid-based protocols tested were able to control the cardiovascular response to noxious stimulation in sheep undergoing spinal surgery, although ketamine may have represented a confounding factor.
Health-Care Workers’ Perception of Patients’ Suicide Intention and Factors Leading to It: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Wee Lei-Hum , Ibrahim Norhayati , Wahab Suzaily , Visvalingam Uma , Yeoh Seen Heng , Siau Ching Sin
Published: November 2018

This study explored health-care workers’ perception of patients’ suicide intention and their understanding of factors leading to particular interpretations. Semistructured face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with 32 health-care workers from a general hospital in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Interview data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the interpretative phenomenological analysis. The health-care workers were found to have four types of perceptions: to end life, not to end life, ambivalence about intention, and an evolving understanding of intention. Factors leading to their perceptions of patients’ suicide intention were patient demographics, health status, severity of ideation/attempt, suicide method, history of treatment, moral character, communication of suicide intention, affective/cognitive status, availability of social support, and health-care workers’ limited knowledge of patients’ condition/situation. Insufficient knowledge and negative attitudes toward suicidal patients led to risk minimization and empathic failure, although most health-care workers used the correct parameters in determining suicide intention.
Realization-preserving model reduction of object-oriented models using energy-based metrics
Authors: Sodja Anton , Škrjanc Igor , Zupančič Borut
Published: November 2018

This paper deals with the adaptation of energy-based realization-preserving model-reduction techniques for object-oriented models implemented in Modelica. An approach originally developed for bond graphs, where energy-related heuristics were used to identify the components contributing the most to the model’s salient dynamics, was extended to more heterogeneously formulated models in Modelica. A prototype toolbox was developed inside the modeling environment OpenModelica. Its applicability was demonstrated with two examples. Although the model-reduction tool cannot reduce the model completely automatically, it may still offer many useful insights and hints to the user.
A Typology of Social Networks and Its Relationship to Psychological Well-Being in Korean Adults
Authors: Park Nan Sook , Chiriboga David A. , Chung Soondool
Published: November 2018

The purposes of this study were to (a) develop an empirical typology of the social networks in Korean adults aged 18 years or older and (b) examine the relation of network types on depressive symptoms and satisfaction with life. Data for this study were drawn from the survey with 1,017 community-dwelling adults aged 18 years or older in South Korea representing three life stages: young adults, middle-aged adults, and older adults. Latent profile analysis was conducted based on eight social network-related variables: marital status, living arrangement, number of family confidants, number of friend confidants, frequency of contact with friends using phone or social media, frequency of participation in social groups, frequency of conversation with neighbors, and perceived closeness of family. The identified typologies were then regressed on depressive symptoms and satisfaction with life. A model with four network types was identified as being the most optimal, and the groups were labeled as: diverse-family, diverse-friend, solo-restricted, and coresident-restricted. Regression analyses showed that in comparison with the coresident-restricted group referent, diverse-friend and solo-restricted groups exhibited elevated levels of depressive symptoms; diverse-family and diverse-friend type had higher levels of satisfaction with life. Implications of the study findings were discussed in line with current research and intervention efforts.
The Microbiology of Complicated Acute Sinusitis among Pediatric Patients: A Case Series
Authors: Mulvey Carolyn L. , Kiell Eleanor P. , Rizzi Mark D. , Buzi Adva
Published: November 2018

Objective

The microbiology of pediatric complicated acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) has evolved, and our current understanding of pathogenic organisms is limited. The objectives of this study are to describe the incidence of pathogens causing complicated ARS requiring surgical intervention at our institution over a 10‐year period as well as their associated treatment outcomes.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

A single tertiary care children's hospital.

Subjects and Methods

Data were reviewed from all patients who underwent surgery for complicated ARS and had positive culture data from 2006 to 2016. Associations among pathogens, complications, and outcomes were analyzed with Pearson χ2 and Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests.

Results

Eighty‐nine patients met criteria. Complications included orbital infections (78%), intracranial infections (48%), Pott's puffy tumor (13%), and cavernous sinus thrombosis (9.0%). Bacterial isolates were majority polymicrobial (55%) and included Streptococcus species (58%), Staphylococcus species (49%; including methicillin‐resistant S aureus [MRSA], 11%), and anaerobic bacteria (35%). S pneumoniae (9.0%), Haemophilus species (4.5%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (1.1%) were relatively uncommon. Bacterial isolates were similar among patients with all types of complications.

Conclusion

Among a large cohort of pediatric patients with complicated ARS, most bacterial isolates were polymicrobial, with Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species contributing to the majority of cases. S aureus species, including MRSA and anaerobic pathogens, were common. The pattern of bacterial isolates was similar among patients with all types of complications of ARS. We suggest treatment for complicated ARS with broad‐spectrum antibiotics with coverage for Streptococcus species, Staphylococcus species including MRSA, and anaerobic bacteria.