bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Partial differential equations preconditioner resilient to soft and hard faults
Authors: Rizzi F , Morris K , Sargsyan K , Mycek P , Safta C , Le Maître O , Knio O , Debusschere B
Published: January 2017

We present a domain-decomposition-based preconditioner for the solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) that is resilient to both soft and hard faults. The algorithm reformulates the PDE as a sampling problem, followed by a solution update through data manipulation that is resilient to both soft and hard faults. This reformulation allows us to recast the problem as a set of independent tasks, and exploit data locality to reduce global communication. We discuss two different parallel implementations: (a) a single program multiple data (SPMD) version based on a one-to-one mapping between subdomain and MPI processes responsible for both state and computation; and (b) an asynchronous server–client implementation where all state information is held by the servers and clients are designed solely as computational units. We present a scalability comparison of both implementations under nominal conditions, showing efficiency within ~80% for up to 12,000 cores. We present a resilience analysis under different fault scenarios based on the server–client implementation. This framework provides resiliency to hard faults such that if a client crashes, it stops asking for work, and the servers simply distribute the work among all of the other clients alive. Erroneous subdomain solves (e.g. due to soft faults) appear as corrupted data, which is either rejected if that causes a task to fail, or is seamlessly filtered out during the regression stage through a suitable noise model. Three different types of faults are modeled: hard faults modeling nodes (or clients) crashing; soft faults occurring during the communication of the tasks between server and clients; and soft faults occurring during task execution. We demonstrate the resiliency of the approach for a 2D elliptic PDE, and explore the effect of the faults at various failure rates.
Review of Item Response Theory Practices in Organizational Research
Authors: Foster Garett C. , Min Hanyi , Zickar Michael J.
Published: January 2017

In this article, we review recent psychometric practices to determine how item response theory (IRT) has been used in organizational research. We identified and coded 63 articles that used IRT on empirical data published in industrial-organizational and organizational behavior journals since 2000. Results show that typical usage for IRT conforms to best practices in several ways; however, in other ways, such as testing for and reporting model fit, there is still significant room for improvement. Next, we surveyed academic and practitioner members of the Society for Industrial-Organizational Psychology (SIOP) on their experiences and attitudes toward IRT. We conclude that IRT is one area where practice outpaces science. There is a cadre of practitioners that consider IRT essential to their professional life. For others, however, IRT is seen as less relevant. Based on our coding analyses and survey results, we provide suggestions on how to better incorporate IRT into organizational research and practice.
A Decade of Research on Evaluation
Authors: Coryn Chris L. S. , Wilson Lyssa N. , Westine Carl D. , Hobson Kristin A. , Ozeki Satoshi , Fiekowsky Erica L. , Greenman Gregory D. , Schröter Daniela C.
Published: January 2017

Although investigations into evaluation theories, methods, and practices have been occurring since the late 1970s, research on evaluation (RoE) has seemingly increased in the past decade. In this review, 257 studies published in 14 evaluation-focused journals over a 10-year period (between 2005 and 2014) were identified as RoE and then classified according to Henry and Mark’s and Mark’s taxonomies of RoE. The majority of RoE published in evaluation-focused journals consists of descriptive studies and, to a lesser extent, comparative studies of evaluation practices. Few investigations, however, address questions pertaining to values or valuing in evaluation, ethics, or evaluation consequences. Gaps in and an agenda for future RoE are discussed.
Oral cobalamin supplementation in cats with hypocobalaminaemia: a retrospective study
Authors: Toresson Linda , Steiner Joerg M , Olmedal Gunilla , Larsen MajBritt , Suchodolski Jan S , Spillmann Thomas
Published: January 2017

Objectives

The objective of the study was to evaluate whether oral cobalamin supplementation can restore normocobal-aminaemia in cats with hypocobalaminaemia and clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease.

Methods

This was a retrospective study based on a computerised database search for client-owned cats treated at Evidensia Specialist Animal Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden, during the period December 2013 to August 2016. Inclusion criteria were cats with clinical signs of chronic enteropathy, an initial serum cobalamin concentration ⩽250 pmol/l (reference interval 214–738 pmol/l) and oral treatment with cobalamin tablets.

Results

Twenty-five cats met the inclusion criteria. The cats were treated with 0.25 mg cyanocobalamin tablets once daily. Serum cobalamin concentration was rechecked 27–94 days after continuous oral cobalamin supplementation. All cats had serum cobalamin concentrations above the reference interval after oral cobalamin supplementation. Median (range) serum cobalamin concentration was 128 pmol/l (111–250 pmol/l) prior to treatment and 2701 pmol/l (738–16,359 pmol/l) after supplementation. This difference was statistically significant ( P <0.0001).

Conclusions and relevance

Our results suggest that oral cobalamin supplementation is effective in increasing serum cobalamin to supranormal concentrations in cats with hypocobalaminaemia. Thus, oral cobalamin supplementation is a promising alternative to parenteral administration. Prospective comparative studies in cats being treated with parenteral vs oral cobalamin supplementation in a larger number of patients are warranted before oral supplementation can be recommended for routine use.
Effects of Reinforcement Volume Fraction on the Abrasive Wear Behaviour of Al—MgO Composites Produced by the Vacuum Infiltration Method
Authors: Pul M , Küçüktürk G , Çalin R , Şeker U
Published: January 2017

In this study, the effects of the reinforcement volume fraction on the abrasive wear behaviour of reinforced MgO composites produced by the vacuum infiltration method with 5, 10, and 15 vol% of the volume fraction of Al matrix were investigated. The abrasive wear tests were carried out by 80, 100, and 180 mesh Al2O3 abrasive paper and the pin-on-disc wear device under 10, 20, and 30 N loads at 0.2 m/s sliding speed for 3 s. At the end of the wear tests, scanning electron microscope photographs of worn surfaces were taken and the microstructures were analysed by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). By checking the images of the worn surfaces, it was observed that the abrasive wear effect increased by increasing the reinforcement ratio. The maximum wear loss was reported under 30 N loads and by 80 mesh abrasive paper. It was found that according to the increment of reinforced MgO in the composite, the amount of wear also increased. On the other hand, the amount of porosity and the reinforcement volume fraction are crucial parameters in the abrasive wear effect.
The determination of park fees in support of benefit sharing in Southern Africa
Authors: Dikgang Johane , Muchapondwa Edwin
Published: January 2017

Sharing conservation revenue with communities surrounding parks could demonstrate the link between ecotourism and local communities’ economic development, promote a positive view of land restitution involving parks, help address skewed distribution of income in the vicinity of parks and act as an incentive for local communities to participate in conservation even more. This article estimates the visitation demand function for Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (KTP) in order to determine the appropriate conservation fee to charge visitors to maximize park revenue. The data were generated from contingent behaviour experiments on South African residents at KTP and three other parks deemed as either substitutes or complements for visitors to KTP. Our results suggest that there is sheer underselling of the recreational opportunity at KTP, which implies that there is room for generating extra revenue to support benefit sharing arrangements with the local communities. The conservation fees at KTP can increase by as much as 115%, thereby almost doubling current revenue after accounting for the drop in visitation which will be triggered by the increase.
The impact of crime on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises
Authors: Motta Victor
Published: January 2017

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are in the forefront of economic policy in developing economies, playing critical role in local economic growth and development. SMEs tend to serve local rather than global markets. However, several obstacles prevent greater participation of SMEs in the economy. Among them, crime is a major issue that negatively affects local development in developing countries, as robbery, theft, vandalism and arson increase the cost of doing business. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between crime and firm performance for Latin American SMEs in both service and hospitality sectors, using labor productivity as a measure of firm performance. Labor productivity is a key concern in Latin America as institution-related issues of corruption, infrastructure, regulations, trade policies, access to finance, and human capital may reduce the efficiency of firms in developing economies. The overall findings suggest that there is a negative relationship between criminal activity and firm performance for SMEs in Latin America.
Predicting hotel occupancies with public data
Authors: Tang Candy Mei Fung , King Brian , Pratt Stephen
Published: January 2017

This study demonstrates the value of using readily available Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) indicators to estimate hotel occupancy trends in a particular territory (Hong Kong) drawing upon almost four decades of data (1972–2010). The indicators predict the economic climate at global, regional and national levels by providing comprehensive statistically based economic information. They should be of particular benefit for resource-constrained small and/or independent hotel operations for whom accurate occupancy predictions facilitate a more targeted approach to strategic investments. Using the OECD indicators offers hoteliers an alternative to acquiring expensive data and/or consultant inputs. The article shows the merit of OECD composite indicators generally and of the consumer confidence index in particular as publicly available and reliable data which can provide hoteliers with early signals about shifting demand. It contributes to tourism economics by demonstrating the merit of indices as a supplement to both established demand forecasts and as an input to hotel revenue management systems.
Underlying factors of ups and downs in financial leverage overtime
Authors: Kizildag Murat , Ozdemir Ozgur
Published: January 2017

We present new stylized facts on the underlying reasons of US hospitality and tourism firms’ fluctuating levels of financial leverage during the period 1990–2015 using comprehensive micro- and macro-level accounting data overtime. To characterize this puzzling phenomenon, we quantified firm-specific and macroeconomic parameters and a diverse set of leverage proxies at various time frames with various structures. We further took account of the recent economic upheaval in our analyses so that we can compare firms’ leverage behavior as “before” and “after” the major economic turmoil in 2007–2009 periods. The primary themes of our arguments were that firm-specific leverage factors significantly influenced short-term leverage, while long-term leverage was mostly determined by macroeconomic indicators. Beyond that, book leverage was more favorable across firms than market leverage. Last, hospitality and tourism firms substantially extended their borrowing capacities, aggressively grew their leverage ratios, and dramatically increased collateral values leading to lower cost of borrowing due to relaxed lending standards in the aftermath of the recent upheaval. Our article complements previous work by examining whether leverage factors demonstrate discrepancies from the prior findings and by proposing rigorous industry-specific outlook and solution for the financial leverage literature.
Touristic big-game fishing in Saint Michael Island (Azores)
Authors: Vieira José Cabral , Antunes Marcos Carolino
Published: January 2017

This article examines anglers’ opinions about the destination, angler profiles and business revenues of touristic big-game fishing in the island of Saint Michael, Azores (Portugal). For this purpose, a survey was carried out among visitors who engaged in that activity and vessels’ owners. In addition, some information was gathered from official data sources. The results reveal that this activity already generates a reasonable contribution to the touristic revenue of the island. There is also evidence based on respondents’ opinions that such an emerging market niche has the potential to expand and compete with other touristic regions in the practice of this recreational activity.
Can disclaimer labels or Dove Evolution commercial mitigate negative effects of thin-ideal exposure?
Authors: Cragg Dinusha NC , Mulgrew Kate E , Kannis-Dymand Lee
Published: January 2017

We examined the comparative effectiveness of the Dove Evolution commercial and disclaimer labels as media literacy interventions. Women ( N = 287) viewed thin-ideal images by themselves, preceded by the Dove Evolution commercial, or containing specific or generic disclaimer labels. Participants completed pre- and post-test measures of body satisfaction, post-test social comparison, and media literacy. Interventions were not effective in mitigating drops in body satisfaction, reducing social comparison, or increasing media literacy, despite women understanding their purpose. A 2-week follow-up showed no delayed effects on media literacy. None of these interventions were effective in counteracting the negative effects of media exposure in women.
Sexually progressive and proficient: Pornographic syntax and postfeminist fantasies
Authors: Gurevich Maria , Brown-Bowers Amy , Cosma Stephanie , Vasilovsky Alexander T , Leedham Usra , Cormier Nicole
Published: January 2017

Mainstream and pornographic images and practice norms are becoming increasingly blurred (Paasonen et al., 2007), while sexual entrepreneurship discourses ( Gill, 2009 ) promote ongoing sexual self-transformation. Women’s sexuality, specifically, is expected to be proficient and perpetually practising. We examine what the mainstreaming of pornography means for sexual desire and agency among 27 young women negotiating heterosex. Participants’ accounts of sexuality and pornography are reflected in a (dis)ordering porn interpretive repertoire. Porn is positioned alternately as: ridiculous and recapitulated performance; a (contested) arousal tool; pedagogy and pictogram; and (resisted) re-enactment pressure. Pornography’s regulatory effects are both rejected and recapitulated. Whether they use porn as a template for sexual possibilities or decry its codes as undesirable, porn acts as an unavoidable cultural reference point for considering sexuality for these young women. A sexual syntax that draws on pornographic images and tropes for sexual desire, pleasure and agency is described.
Helping quantitative sociology come out of the closet
Authors: Sumerau JE , Mathers Lain AB , Nowakowski Alexandra CH , Cragun Ryan T
Published: January 2017

This essay offers some ways quantitative sociology may embrace increasing scholarly and public recognition of sexual and gender diversity. Specifically, we suggest that increasing (1) public awareness and debate concerning sexual and gender fluidity, (2) calls for sociologists to become engaged in public debates, and (3) awareness of gender and sexual nuances underlying the majority of social phenomena create an opportunity for quantitative sociology to begin answering longstanding calls for more empirically grounded measurements of sexualities and gender. To this end, we use our experiences designing quantitative measurements of sexual and gender diversity to provide options for quantitative sociology to better capture the empirical complexity of gender and sexuality within the contemporary world by expanding gender options on survey instruments and expanding sexual identification methods on survey instruments.
‘The body that cannot be contained’: Queering mainstream psychology’s gay male body dissatisfaction imperative
Authors: Vasilovsky Alexander T , Gurevich Maria
Published: January 2017

A sizable body of mainstream social psychological body image research suggests that gay men are more dissatisfied with their bodies than heterosexual men (Morrison et al., 2004). However, much of this research has been criticized for producing explanatory models that pathologize gay men by foregrounding homosexuality, irrespective of broader sociohistorical factors, as the source of gay male body dissatisfaction ( Filiault, 2010 ; Filiault and Drummond, 2009 ; Kane, 2009 , 2010 ) – what we refer to as psychology’s gay male body dissatisfaction imperative. Situated within a critical psychology perspective ( Teo, 2015 ), this article relies on the voices of 19 gay/queer participants to problematize psychology’s epistemological determinism. Their ‘talk’ was less interiorized and totalized than the models’ conceptualizations of gay male identity and body image, highlighting the need for models that instead explicate how gay men develop individual, embodied understandings of sexual and gender identity while navigating heterosexist, masculinist, and neoliberal discourses. We investigate the corporeal manifestations of discourse and pay specific attention to queer forms of embodied resistance.
The perspectives of Gambian men on the sexuality of cut and uncut women
Authors: Lien Inger-Lise
Published: January 2017

The aim of the study has been to investigate men’s perspective on the effect of female genital cutting (FGC) on both women and men’s sexual feelings, their sensitivity, well-being and attitudes. Do men perceive any difference between a cut and an uncut woman when it comes to sexuality? If so, how do men understand and interpret the impact of FGC? Will their personal sexual experience have an influence on their attitude to the practice? Is there a mismatch between sexual scripts and personal experience when it comes to FGC? During 2014, 50 Gambian men, Mandinka and Wolof, and eight Mandinka women were interviewed. The interviews had a qualitative and open structure, and the men were asked to compare and assess the effects that they thought FGC had on the women, and on the sexual act itself, as they experienced it. The interviews disclosed that men perceive a difference in the feelings and behaviour expressed by women who are cut and those who are uncut. Their sense of women’s feelings have an impact on their own sexual pleasure, and on their attitude to the practice.
Local terms and understandings of mental health problems in Burundi
Authors: Irankunda Pacifique , Heatherington Laurie , Fitts Jessica
Published: January 2017

A pilot study and two intensive studies were conducted to document the local vocabularies used by Burundians to describe mental health problems and their understandings about the causes. The pilot study—in which 14 different large groups of community members awaiting appointments at a village health clinic were engaged in open-ended discussions of the local terminology and causal beliefs about mental health problems—suggested three key syndromes: akabonge (a set of depression-like symptoms), guhahamuka (a set of trauma-related symptoms), and ibisigo (a set of psychosis-like symptoms). In Study 1 ( N = 542), individual interviews or surveys presented participants with the names of these syndromes and asked what they considered to be the symptoms and causes of them. Study 2 ( N = 143) cross-validated these terms with a different sample (also in individual interviews/surveys), by presenting the symptom clusters and asking what each would be called and about their causes. Findings of both studies validated this set of terms and yielded a rich body of data about causal beliefs. The influence of education level and gender on familiarity with these terms was also assessed. Implications for the development of mental health services and directions for future research are discussed.
Efficacy of Intervention for a Bilingual Child Making Articulation and Phonological Errors
Authors: Holm Alison , Dodd Barbara , Ozanne Anne
Published: January 2017

This treatment case study presents a five-year-old bilingual Cantonese/English speaking boy with articulation and phonological errors. It reports two treatment phases: articulation therapy and phonological therapy. The articulation therapy was given in English and targeted the distorted production of / s/. The result was a perceptually acceptable pronunciation of / s/ in both English and Cantonese. The phonological therapy, also given in English, targeted cluster reduction, but it was only effective in treating English errors. The reduction of consonant clusters in Cantonese remained unchanged. These data have implications for two issues: the separateness of bilingual children's two phonological systems, and the differences between articulation and phonological errors.
A Congruence Approach to the Syntax of Codeswitching
Authors: Sebba Mark
Published: January 2017

Hypotheses about the syntax of codeswitching thus far have for the most part not taken into account such factors as the nature of bilingualism in the community where the switching takes place, the relative status of the languages, the nature of bilingualism in the community and other aspects of the social context. This paper argues that an adequate theory of codeswitching syntax is one where such factors are held to be relevant, so that the actual nature of the switching is relative not only to the language pairs, but also to other situational factors. Previous researchers have used notions of “congruent” or “equivalent” categories, implicitly or explicitly, tending to treat these as universal categories of phrase structure and looking for “constraints” which limit the possible outcome of the interaction of two linguistic systems. This paper argues that “congruence” of categories is construed or “created” by bilinguals in a given situation, with four alternative outcomes for a given candidate switch: harmonization, neutralization, compromise, and blocking. Rather than seeing codeswitching utterances as the product of “constraints,” it develops a view where codeswitching is the result of languages aligning their structures over time to achieve congruence.
Parental Discourse and Codemixing in Bilingual Children
Authors: Nicoladis Elena , Genesee Fred
Published: January 2017

Various explanations for young bilingual children's codemixing have been offered, including that it is influenced by the particular discourse strategies parents use in conversation with their children. To date, Lanza (1992) has proposed the most explicit version of this hypothesis. She suggested that certain parental speech acts in response to children's codemixing encourage continued codemixing while others discourage it. The present study was undertaken to replicate Lanza's study. Five French-English bilingual families in Montreal were studied, starting when most of the children were 2;0 and continuing until they were 2;6. Two analyses were performed; one looked at the relationship between parental style of response and children's rates of codemixing and the second looked at the effect of particular responses on children's codemixing in the next conversational turn. The results of both analyses did not support the hypothesis. We suggest that the differences in sociolinguistic context between the two studies may account for the different results.
Finite element modelling and design of composite bridges with profiled steel sheeting
Authors: Ellobody Ehab
Published: January 2017

This article discusses the non-linear analysis and design of highway composite bridges with profiled steel sheeting. A three-dimensional finite element model has been developed for the composite bridges, which accounted for the bridge geometries, material non-linearities of the bridge components, bridge boundary conditions, shear connection, interactions among bridge components and bridge bracing systems. The simply supported composite bridge has a span of 48 m, a width of 13 m and a depth of 2.3 m. The bridge components were designed following the European code for steel–concrete composite bridges. The live load acting on the bridge was load model 1, which represents the static and dynamic effects of vertical loading due to normal road traffic as specified in the European code. The finite element model of the composite bridge was developed depending on additional finite element models, developed by the author, and validated against tests reported in the literature on full-scale composite bridges and composite bridge components. The tests had different geometries, different boundary conditions, different loading conditions and different failure modes. Failure loads, load–mid-span deflection relationships, load–end slip relationships, failure modes, stress contours of the composite bridge as well as of the modelled tests were predicted from the finite element analysis and compared well against test results. The comparison with test results has shown that the finite element models can be effectively used to provide more accurate analyses and better understanding for the behaviour and design of composite bridges with profiled steel sheeting. A parametric study was conducted on the composite bridge highlighting the effects of the change in structural steel strength and concrete strength on the behaviour and design of the composite bridge. This study has shown that the design rules specified in the European code are accurate and conservative for the design of highway steel–concrete composite bridges.
Optimal distribution of friction dampers for seismic retrofit of a reinforced concrete moment frame
Authors: Kim Jinkoo , An Seeun
Published: January 2017

This study investigated the story-wise optimal distribution of friction dampers to effectively reduce the seismic response of a reinforced concrete structure designed without considering seismic load. To this end, a genetic algorithm process was applied and the results were compared with those obtained by simple intuitive method based on story drift. The seismic performance of the model structure with optimally positioned friction dampers was evaluated by nonlinear static and dynamic analyses. The analysis results showed that compared with the system without friction dampers, the maximum roof displacement and the inter-story drift ratio were reduced by about 30% and 40%, respectively, after installation of the dampers. In comparison with the intuitive method of installation, the genetic algorithm provided an efficient solution for optimum damper distribution with less amount of friction damper.
A hybrid approach for parameter optimization of multiple tuned mass dampers in reducing floor vibrations due to occupant walking: Theory and parametric studies
Authors: Xu Ruotian , Chen Jun , Zhu Xinqun
Published: January 2017

This article presents a hybrid approach for determining optimal parameters of multiple tuned mass dampers to reduce the floor vibration due to human walking. The proposed approach consists of two parts. The first one is a partial mode decomposition algorithm to efficiently calculate dynamic responses of the coupled floor–multiple tuned mass damper system subjected to moving walking loads. The second one is an adaptive genetic simulated annealing method for the optimization of multiple tuned mass damper parameters. To establish optimization, certain variables must be considered. These include the mass, natural frequency, and damping ratio of each tuned mass damper in a multiple tuned mass damper system. The objective is to minimize floor responses and remove unreasonable requirements, such as uniform mass distribution and symmetric distribution of the tuned mass damper frequency. The proposed hybrid approach has successfully been applied to optimize the multiple tuned mass damper system to reduce the vibration of a long-span floor with closely spaced modes. By the hybrid approach, an extensive parametric study has been carried out. The results show that different walking load models and uncertainties in the dynamic properties of the floor and each tuned mass damper itself can affect the overall performance of the multiple tuned mass damper system. The proposed hybrid optimization approach is very effective and the resulting multiple tuned mass damper system is robust in reducing floor vibrations under various conditions.
Platforms, data and children’s rights: Introducing a ‘networked capability approach’
Authors: Swist Teresa , Collin Philippa
Published: January 2017

In this article, we consider the role of digital platforms for producing data and shaping how children’s rights are understood, monitored and advocated for. We present a typology of platforms impacting children’s rights, followed by the introduction of a ‘networked capability approach’. A case study is used to explore the potential of this approach for examining the purpose, practices and repercussions of digital platforms. We argue that to recognize and actualize children’s rights in a digital age, we need new conceptual tools to examine the interplay of platforms, people and places that include and exclude children’s valued ‘doings and beings’.
A Standard for Thermally Efficient Comfort in Housing
Authors: Foster Michelle
Published: January 2017

Insulation standards in new and existing UK housing are poor compared with those of mainland Europe. An even distribution of heat, achieved by a well-insulated building envelope, coupled with an efficient heating and ventilation system should be a basic standard for housing, with the resulting indoor climate possessing the properties of thermally efficient comfort. This paper outlines a simple standard for Thermally Efficient Comfort in Housing (TECH) as a tool to promote thermal comfort and energy efficiency in both new and existing housing. Although some government-led legislative mechanisms exist to improve energy efficiency in UK housing, they are not universally effective. Except in particular circumstances, householders cannot be compelled by law to upgrade their properties. Instead it would be necessary to combine legislative with promotional mechanisms to achieve this goal and the TECH Standard would be involved in such mechanisms.
Breaking news production processes in US metropolitan newspapers: Immediacy and journalistic authority
Authors: Usher Nikki
Published: January 2017

Incremental updates to breaking news stories online have become embedded in newspapers in the 24/7 online era. This article reviews four US metropolitan newspapers, using field observations and interviews to examine how journalists choose breaking news stories and their rationale for these continuous updates. Specifically, the article explores the connection between temporality and authority, positing that journalists use these updates to retain their role as authoritative truth-tellers in relation to audiences, the competition, and their own position in the profession. As newspaper coverage becomes more like local TV, these metropolitan newspaper journalists worry that a breaking news strategy, while potentially necessary, is also questionable and even potentially harmful, but nonetheless pursue it.
Temporal affordances in the news
Authors: Tenenboim-Weinblatt Keren , Neiger Motti
Published: January 2017

This article develops the concept of temporal affordances as a framework for understanding and evaluating the relationship between news technologies and journalistic storytelling practices. Accordingly, temporal affordances are defined as the potential ways in which the time-related possibilities and constraints associated with the material conditions and technological aspects of news production are manifested in the temporal characteristics of news narratives. After identifying six such affordances – immediacy, liveness, preparation time, transience, fixation in time, and extended retrievability – we examine manifestations of temporal affordances in different journalistic cultures over time, based on a content analysis of Israeli and US news narratives in different technological eras (from 1950 to 2013). The findings point to a consistent pattern of inter-media differences, in accordance with the distinct affordances of print and online news, alongside cross-cultural and cross-organizational variations in the use of these affordances. In addition, we detect complex patterns of stability and change in the use of temporal affordances in print media over time. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Revisiting culture and language in global management teams
Authors: Cohen Linda , Kassis-Henderson Jane
Published: January 2017

In research on international business (IB) and management, a narrow view of language and culture has given way to a greater understanding of the complexity of the interplay of language- and culture-related issues in today’s world. The “linguistic turn” in the social sciences along with the more recent unravelling of the deterministic cultural dimension has led to reexamining the importance of language and culture in the social construction of reality. The key role played by multicultural, multilingual teams in organizations operating on a global scale has spawned much research on the impact of language and cultural diversity within teams. Some scholars have focused on the negative aspects of diversity implying that language standardization, through the adoption of lingua franca policies and practices, is the most appropriate strategy for collaboration across languages and borders. Others have uncovered the positive side of this diversity; they argue the case for the coexistence of different working languages together with communication practices that facilitate the contextualization necessary for sense-making processes in multilingual teams. This has led a growing number of scholars within different research fields to take the “multilingual turn” exploring novel ideas and concepts emerging around the phenomena of multilingualism, thereby advancing the discussion in IB and management studies. Applying these emerging notions to a study of a multilingual team in an international organization, we question the widely held assumptions about language, culture, and identity and show the need to refresh the way in which these concepts are framed when examining team performance.
A three-dimensional view of public participation in Scottish land-use planning: Empowerment or social control?
Authors: Aitken Mhairi
Published: January 2017

Current planning policies place significant emphasis on the importance of public participation. Through a case study of a planning application for a wind power development in Scotland, this article examines the realities of such policy commitments. It seeks to evaluate to what extent the planning process represents an exercise in participation — entailing empowerment of participants — or rather in social control — through which public participation is managed in order to secure particular outcomes. The article refers to Lukes’s (1974 [2004]) three-dimensional view of power to demonstrate the various forms of power present within the planning system. Subtle forms of power are shown to act to restrict the extent to which public participants meaningfully influence decisions. This is considered to be particularly true where public participation leads to the expression of public opposition towards developments which are explicitly supported by government policies (as is the case with renewable energy). However, while power remains predominantly in the hands of decision-makers, and within the structures of the planning system, public participants are not power less. Yet, greater power exists within and beyond the planning system influencing participants’ perceptions of what constitutes legitimate participation. The active roles of participants in interpreting what is expected or required of them, and presenting themselves in ways perceived to lead to optimal benefits must be acknowledged. Engaging with the opinions and knowledge of members of the public is more problematic than simply setting up encounters or opportunities. Rather it requires a more fundamental change in the ways by which expert and lay knowledges are perceived within society.
Knitting the archive: Shetland lace and ecologies of skilled practice
Authors: Mann Joanna
Published: January 2017

Conjuring up images of fine openwork shawls, Shetland lace knitting might seem to be the very essence of ‘tradition’. Although contemporary scholarship is increasingly noting the diversity of knitting practices and practitioners – from stitch ‘n bitch to yarn bombing – accounts of Shetland lace knitting often convey a sense of a skilled practice which has remained unchanged since time immemorial. In this article, I illustrate and unravel how the skill of Shetland lace knitting has become seemingly sedimented by telling its story through a series of innovative archival explorations and engagements. Using ‘making’ as method, I employ the skilled practice of knitting as a means by which to investigate the question of skill itself. By putting the anthropologic work of Tim Ingold into conversation with contemporary geographical theory, I advocate an ecological consideration of skill which is able to account for the economic, cultural, geographical and material threads of practice, while undermining any notion of skill being static or given within a situation.
Adult Education and Lifelong Learning in Arts and Cultural Institutions: A Content Analysis
Authors: Clover Darlene E. , Sanford Kathy , de Oliveira Jayme Bruno
Published: January 2017

Using a content analysis approach, this article shares the results of scholarly adult education study on museum and library adult education and learning as represented in peer-reviewed publications over the past 60 years. Findings show a paucity of studies in general, but particularly around libraries. The majority of publications on libraries were ‘non-research-oriented’, and published in the 1950s and 1960s; museums were all but ignored until studies began to appear in the 1990s. Early concerns focused on elitism and the educational role, while later studies began to debate social and interpretive issues. Although museum and libraries theorists call for critical discourses and studies, with few exceptions adult education research is dominated by liberal discourses. We conclude the article with a number of recommendations for future study in this important yet underresearched and undertheorized area.
Reviving a Community's Adult Education Past: A Case Study of the Library's Role in Learning
Authors: Irving Catherine J.
Published: January 2017

Amidst calls for libraries to regain their socially progressive roots and connections to community, this study analyzes two interwoven cases of nonformal, community education in northeastern Nova Scotia, initiated by libraries that aimed to revive those links. Through a reading circle and a people's school, librarians used historical materials on the Antigonish Movement of that area to help people not only understand their social movement past but also critique what was missing and apply the principles to contemporary problems. The study explored the interplay between identity, locality, and history, as well as the library's role and what could be learned from the activities. This study makes a contribution to adult education in, through, and with libraries in what is currently an underresearched area.
Moral Treatment of the Insane: Provisions for Lifelong Learning, Cultural Engagement, and Creativity in Nineteenth-Century Asylums
Authors: Park Maureen , Hamilton Robert
Published: January 2017

The current interest in the role of lifelong learning and cultural engagement for change is not new. This article looks at a most unusual precedent and a neglected area in the historiography of adult education – the use of cultural education provision in asylums in the nineteenth century to promote cure and restoration of the ‘insane’ to society. Focusing on the example of Crichton Royal Institution in Scotland, but with reference to other asylums, the many activities offered to patients – formal adult education classes, access to asylum libraries and museums, publication of asylum periodicals, musical and theatrical entertainments, drawing and painting, and attendance at cultural events beyond the asylum walls – are discussed. The article examines the reasons for their introduction, assesses the impact that such activity had on the lives of this most marginalized of social groups, and argues that they can be seen as an early and innovative example of lifelong learning in practice.
‘Beneath the Veil There is a Woman … Like all other Women’: Women and Transformative Learning in the Visual Arts in a Cross-Cultural Context
Authors: Prince Geraldine
Published: January 2017

This paper contextualizes and analyzes a study of an ongoing series of visual arts workshops for women, commissioned from the Centre for Continuing Studies, Edinburgh College of Art, by clients in Dubai. The focus of workshops was on women from the Gulf taking ‘leadership’ courses in Dundee, but they were also vehicles for Gulf women to engage in visual arts education in a cross-cultural context which offered them novel lifelong learning pedagogical strategies. The study's primary question was how visual art practice could offer non-art specialist women from the Gulf new routes to achieve transformative learning and renegotiate a broad range of cultural expectations. Findings showed that exploring their creativity helped the women to enhance their confidence through a changed sense of self; navigate cross-cultural contexts; and locate devices for remapping personal boundaries. These findings also suggest the potential for arts education to open up new possibilities for women to work in museums and galleries in the Gulf where ‘culture’ is a increasingly significant economic driver.
The Role of Learning Support Services in University Students’ Educational Outcomes
Authors: Balzer Carr Brandon , London Rebecca A.
Published: January 2017

Learning Support Services at the University of California, Santa Cruz is intended to aid students—particularly those who are at highest risk of academic failure—to master the required material and succeed in their courses. It includes two primary components: modified supplemental instruction (MSI) and tutoring. This study uses data from administrative records kept by University of California, Santa Cruz on its students’ academic experiences in the 2010–2011 to 2013–2014 academic years to examine the extent of utilization of MSI and tutoring, the types of students engaged in these activities, and the role of Learning Support Services in aiding students to improve their course grades, remain in school, and graduate in 4 years. The study addresses gaps in the literature on both supplemental instruction and tutoring by offering a new method to reduce selection bias in comparing participating to nonparticipating students and by focusing on the extent of participation in programs, rather than whether participation occurred or not. Students who participated in MSI and tutoring earned higher course grades when compared with other students and, in the case of MSI, compared with themselves in courses where they did not participate in MSI. Tutoring, but not MSI, was associated with improvements to retention, and neither was associated with improvements to 4-year graduation.
“Journalism as Process”: The Organizational Implications of Participatory Online News
Authors: Robinson Sue
Published: January 2017

This Monograph will explore the empirical and theoretical ramifications of journalism as social media, specifically “journalism as process.” The piece calls for an end to thinking about news as a discrete product and the beginning of considering news production as a shared, distributed action with multiple authors, shifting institution-audience relationships and altered labor dynamics for everyone involved. Using the exemplar of one Midwestern city - Madison, WI - and its information-production/consumption community, this research stems from a newsroom ethnography and 100 interviews with journalists, bloggers, and members of the socially mediating public. It puts forward the idea that news has become a transportive, transactional object of professional, social and civic work for both journalists and audience members.
Structured Mentoring for Workforce Engagement and Professional Development in Public Health Settings
Authors: Dopson Stephanie A. , Griffey Sue , Ghiya Neelam , Laird Susan , Cyphert Aubrey , Iskander John
Published: January 2017

Mentoring is commonly used to facilitate professional growth and workforce development in a variety of settings. Organizations can use mentoring to help achieve broader personnel goals including leadership development and succession planning. While mentorship can be incorporated into training programs in public health, there are other examples of structured mentoring, with time commitments ranging from minutes to months or longer. Based on a review of the literature in public health and aggregated personal subject matter expertise of existing programs at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we summarize selected mentoring models that vary primarily by time commitments and meeting frequency and identify specific work situations to which they may be applicable, primarily from the federal job experience point of view. We also suggest specific tasks that mentor–mentee pairs can undertake, including review of writing samples, practice interviews, and development of the mentee’s social media presence. The mentor–mentee relationship should be viewed as a reciprocally beneficial one that can be a source of learning and personal growth for individuals at all levels of professional achievement and across the span of their careers.
Tobacco-Free Policy Outcomes for an Inpatient Substance Abuse Treatment Center
Authors: Richey Rebecca , Garver-Apgar Christine , Martin Laura , Morris Cindy , Morris Chad
Published: January 2017

We assessed changes in patient census, smoking prevalence, and intention to remain abstinent associated with the voluntary enactment of a campus-wide tobacco-free policy in a for-profit residential addictions treatment center. Employing nationally recognized tobacco-free policy strategies, steps toward implementation were tailored to addictions treatment settings. Census data and survey of client tobacco use data were collected for 1 year before the policy began and for 1 year following the policy. Average daily census increased for both the inpatient and extended residential treatment programs after enactment of the tobacco-free policy. Number of tobacco users admitted to treatment increased significantly, while the number of tobacco users who left treatment early did not significantly change. In addition to reducing smoking, the policy was associated with a significant increase of patients reporting the intention to remain abstinent after discharge. Contrary to common concern, a tobacco-free policy implemented in an inpatient residential addictions treatment setting did not negatively affect census rates. This study suggests potential clinical and organizational benefits for campus-wide tobacco-free policies.