bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turning Point
Authors: Furman C Sue
Published: November 2023

With some thirteen million women now between the ages of forty-five and fifty-four, menopause has become a major health issue, and the demand for information on this once taboo topic has increased dramatically. But while researchers are beginning to unravel the biological mysteries surrounding menopause, and discover new and effective treatments for many of the symptoms, their findings often remain buried in medical journals, leaving women outside the medical and scientific communities with many unanswered questions. Now, in Turning Point, biologist Sue Furman has combed the scientific literature to share this information with those who want and need it most--women who are now, or will one day be, experiencing menopause. The first book to explain the biology of menopause in clear, everyday terms, Turning Point offers women an intelligent portrait of what happens to the body during menopause and reveals what they can do to make this time less distressing. It will allow them to question physicians with authority, understand their answers, and take a more active role in treatment. Furman begins with a lively overview of "the chemistry of love," covering everything from estrogen and testosterone, to pheromones, PEA, and oxytocin, and treating readers to many fascinating sidelights, such as the fact that testosterone levels in both men and women reach an annual high in October. She then shows how estrogen plays a pivotal role in the physiology and behavior of women throughout their lives--in fact, it influences some 300 bodily functions--and how the drop in estrogen production during menopause can profoundly influence a woman's mental and physical state. The book examines the myriad symptoms that can accompany menopause--hot flashes, night sweats, palpitations, mood swings, fuzzy vision, migraine headaches, incontinence, bladder infections, and thinning scalp hair among others. Readers will learn what they can expect if these symptoms appear, exactly what is happening to make them feel the way they do, and what measures they might take to alleviate any discomfort. In particular, Furman discusses the pros and cons of hormone replacement therapy, showing that the uterine cancer scare involving HRT was unfounded, and providing women with the information they need to make an informed decision regarding treatment. Furman also sorts out the confusing data on osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, and offers women sensible advice on nutrition, exercise, and smoking. By debunking the many myths and fears surrounding menopause, and by providing women with easy-to-grasp, reliable information, Turning Point helps women retain the peace of mind--and sense of humor--that can make menopause a healthy experience and allow women to move confidently into the second half of life.
Quam Dilecta
Authors: Inwagen Peter van
Published: November 2023

Three of my grandparents were unchurched Protestants, and one (my father’s mother) was a devout Roman Catholic. As a consequence, my mother was, and is, not much of a churchgoer, and my father was a lapsed Catholic with pretty strong feelings on the subject—han enthusiastic reader of Paul Blanshard and similar authors. When I was seven, my parents briefly sent me to a Presbyterian Sunday school. Our lessons were from a little textbook with the excellent title The King Nobody Wanted, which I still occasionally come across in secondhand bookshops. I recall learning that we Christians believed that Jesus was the Messiah and that the Jews did not. (I remember wishing that I could have a chance to tell the Jews about Jesus;
Truth, Humility, And Philosophers
Authors: Schlesinger George N
Published: November 2023

I shall attempt to recount-with an imprecise description at best-the transition from an intensely religious community to a radically differently motivted community consisting of mainly secular philosophers. I shall try to outline the contrast between a community devoted to the study of the vast sacred literature, composed of students in the Talmudic academies, bent on fulfilling the verse “This book of law shall not depart out of your mouth, but thou shalt meditate it day and night” (Joshua 1:8), a community I once belonged to, and the fundamentally different kind of community, consisting of relatively free-thinking academics.
The Drama in the Text
Authors: Brater Enoch
Published: November 2023

The Drama in the Text argues that Beckett’s late fiction, like his radio plays, demands to be read aloud, since much of the emotional meaning lodges in its tonality. In Beckett’s haunting prose work the reader turns listener, collaborating with the sound of words to elucidate meaning from the silence of the universe. Enoch Brater ranges across all of Beckett’s work, quoting from it liberally, and makes connections mainly with other writers, but also with details drawn from the entire Western cultural heritage. Brater serves as an authoritative and persuasive guide to the rich texture of such a difficult but compelling vocabulary, providing recognition, insight, and accessibility.
Acalculia
Authors: Benson D Frank , Ardila Alfredo
Published: November 2023

Calculation, defined here as the operation of mathematical computation, demands a complex set of cognitive operations. Calculation originated as a form of counting but has developed into many different levels of number performance that resemble but can be distinguished from other cognitive activities (Klein and Starkey, 1987).

Global quantification, or numerosity perception, refers to the rough discrimination made between sets of different numbers of objects (Davis, Albert, and Bar ron, 1985). Global quantification does not represent a truly numerical process, however, because there is no one-to-one correspondence between the proposed number and the actual count.

Enumeration can be considered the most elementary type of numerical knowledge (Klein and Starkey, 1987). Correspondence construction is a form of enumera tion in which the approximate number of objects in a set is identified for comparison with the number of objects in other collections. It implies but does not provide an exact one-to-one correspondence. Counting is a more sophisticated form of enumeration; a unique number-name is paired with each object in a col lection, and the final number-name used represents the total for the entire collection. Arithmetic is an advanced numerical system that involves number permutability (e.g., adding, subtracting).
Dennett: Consciousness Dissolved
Authors: Nagel Thomas
Published: November 2023

The deepest division among writers on the mind and the brain falls between reductionists and antireductionists: between those who think mental phenomena can someday be fully accounted for by the resources of physical science, and those who think that mental phenomena are so radically different from everything else that a comparably radical expansion of the forms of scientific understanding is required to explain how they arise from the physical operation of the brain.
O’Shaughnessy: The Will
Authors: Nagel Thomas
Published: November 2023

A good philosopher must find his obsession, and it will drive him for the rest of his life. Brian O’Shaughnessy’s obsession has been with the most intimate of those relations in which the self stands to the physical or “external” world: its relation to that part of the physical world that it can move directly and of which it has immediate awareness—the body.
Williams: Resisting Ethical Theory
Authors: Nagel Thomas
Published: November 2023

This highly absorbing book is an attack on the possibility of ethical theory as a philosophical discipline. Its central thesis is that the view sub specie aeternitatis, though an appropriate vantage point from which to seek an understanding of the natural world, is entirely inappropriate as the standpoint from which to construct our world, the world in which we must live. Since the question of how we should live in relation to one another is the defining question of ethics, it follows that the characteristic ambition of ethical theory—to discover universal, objective moral principles—cannot be realized. That is not because there are no ethical truths but because truth in this realm is neither universal, nor objective, nor based on reason. It is only another philosophers’ delusion that without a philosophical foundation ethical thought is impossible.
Schelling: The Price of Life
Authors: Nagel Thomas
Published: November 2023

A central subject of economics is human motivation in the aggregate: how the decisions, rational or irrational, of millions of people combine to produce large-scale results. It relies on an understanding of the way in which each individual’s decisions are affected by the perception of the motivations of others whose interests may conflict or overlap with his. Game theory studies the rational principles of such interaction.
Dick Clark’s Bandstand
Authors: Jackson John A
Published: November 2023

Bob Horn was not happy to see sixteen—year—old Dolores Farmer appear at his table as he dined at his favorite Germantown cafein north Philadelphia one evening in 1956.1 Horn was at the restaurant on business, and so, apparently, was Miss Farmer (not her real name). Horn later claimed that Farmer asked him for $1,000, which she needed in order to extricate herself from some “unspecified trouble.“ Horn and Farmer had known each other for some two years, with the true nature of their relationship most likely positioned somewhere between the two widely divergent tales they would tell in 1957. A tiny brunette who looked older than her years, Farmer claimed to have been a member of Paul Whiteman’s TV—Teen Club before she became a regular visitor to WFIL—TV’s studios in 1952. She alleged that one week after she met Horn at WFIL’s studios sometime during the summer of 1953, he drove her to a local apartment where the couple engaged in a “discussion” she would not elaborate on. The teenager further maintained that she and Horn, a married man with three young daughters and an adolescent stepson, began having sexual relations that November—when she was just thirteen years old—after which they saw each other once or twice a week until the end of 1955, having “improper relations on nearly every occasion.”3
Philadelphia, U.S.A.
Authors: Jackson John A
Published: November 2023

Dick Clark’s graduation from Syracuse University ensured him not only of a business degree, but also of what he described as a “sound“ business education.1 After having the exploitable position of American Bandstand host bestowed upon him, Clark discovered, as had Bob Horn, that the opportunity to make money—lots of it—came with the territory.Bernie Lowe had helped Clark to see the future, and now the future was at hand. During the time when “Butterfly“ was still soaring high on the charts, Clark had invested $1,000 to form Click Corporation in order to handle his song publishing and record hop revenues. Then, in May 1957, he paid $125 for a quarter interest in a failed record company called Jamie Records that, having issued a string of flops in 1956, was $400 in the red. What would become of Jamie, a subsidiary of Philadelphia’s Universal Record Distributors, was anybody’s guess, but whatever it amounted to, Clark would be entitled to 25 percent.2
A Television Personality
Authors: Jackson John A
Published: November 2023

Before Dick Clark’s Saturday night show catapulted him to another level of stardom, his TV niche was thought by many to consist oflittle more than bantering with teenagers and playing rock ‘n’ roll music on daytime television. But just as American Bandstand demonstrated that Clark possessed more than provincial allure, The Dick Clark Show proved that his constituency consisted of more than housewives and acne—fearing teenagers. It also rendered ABC’s budding TV personality an entertainment force to be reckoned with. Just months after the inception of his Saturday night show Clark was the center of an extensive media blitz that included a favorable profile in the conservative New York Times (which was a first for a proponent of the scandalous rock ‘n’ roll music), feature articles in at least three national adult magazines, a five—part series in the Philadelphia Daily News (“Philadelphia’s Pied Piper“), and a nationally televised interview at his home by Edward R. Murrow. In addition, Clark made nearly a dozen appearances on other national TV shows, and Walter Annenberg’s TV Guide splashed the Bandstand host’s face across its cover (the first of many of that publication’s cover stories about him), touting Clark as the “Nation’s No. 1 rock ‘n’ roll salesman.
The Past as Prologue
Authors: Jackson John A
Published: November 2023

In an effort tobolster the payola investigation of the Philadelphia Police Department, First Assistant D.A. Paul Chalfin and city detective Emil Bucceroni journeyed to Washington in May 1960, to meet with the Harris subcommittee, the FCC, and the FTC. After it received what Bucceroni described as “a lot of information“ from Washington, the D.A.’s office issued thirty—nine summonses for alleged payola violations. Among those summoned were Chips Distributing and Jamie Records, whose officers—and perhaps the corporations themselves—would be subject to prosecution should the alleged violations be proven true. Whether it was appreciable foresight or simply a stroke of good fortune, Dick Clark—who had been a corporate officer in all of the other music—related companies he was involved withwas not an officer of either Chips or Jamie, and thus would not be subject to the D.A.’s investigation. (Chalfin confirmed in 1993 that Clark’s name was never on the Philadelphia D.A.’s list of payola suspects, and as far as he knew, Clark (4was not involved” in the investigation.)
Where the Action Is
Authors: Jackson John A
Published: November 2023

By 1964, a watershed year distinguished by racial conflict, social unrest and an increasingly unpopular war in southeast Asia, America had already embarked upon an era of civil strife and cultural upheaval that was to have a profound effect on the country’s society, including its popular music. American Bandstand lay directly in that path of change. Vietnam was not yet a factor in the lives of most Americans, but U.S. troop strength in southeast Asia, as well as casualties, began to rise dramatically as the country’s role in that conflict changed from an advisory capacity to one of direct combat.
America’s Oldest Living Teenager
Authors: Jackson John A
Published: November 2023

The Age of Aquarius may have taken hold in the world of popular music by the time the 1970s began, but the new decade was otherwise permeated by a mood of darkness and divisiveness. As the war in southeast Asia continued to drag on, so did domestic unrest, particularly on college campusus. President Nixon and his administration, now virtually at war with the demonstrators, invoked the support of “the great silent majority“ to counterbalance the protesters, but an antiwar demonstration that spring at Kent State University in Ohio ended with National Guardsmen firing their rifles into a crowd of student demonstrators, killing four of them and serving to further fan the flames of the antiwar effort. Moreover, as unemployment increased almost twofold from 1969 to 1970, and the buying power of the dollar continued to decline, a sense of hopelessness and apathy overcame much of Americas youth. The deaths of rockers Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Jim Morrison within a year’s time only served to deepen this languid mood.
The Scars Of Evolution
Authors: Morgan Elaine
Published: November 2023

When Elaine Morgan wrote The Descent of Woman in 1972, it sent shock waves around the world, and is now widely regarded as a key work on human evolution, and essential to any discussion of women's place in society. Now, with The Scars of Evolution, Morgan offers a pioneering look just where it was our earliest ancestors came from, and the legacy--not always advantageous--that they left us. As she sets out to solve one of the enduring riddles of our origins--to discover the evolutionary path that separated us from the rest of the animals--Morgan shows that many of the theories currently accepted by scientists cannot explain our unique features: they leave too many questions unanswered. Millions of years ago, something happened to our ape ancestors that did not happen to the forebears of gorillas and chimpanzees, something that made them walk on two legs, lose their fur, sweat, develop larger brains, and learn to speak. While scientists have visited many a dig and studied many a fossil for clues, Elaine Morgan argues that all of the facts about our mysterious origins are right in front of us--in the form of fundamental flaws in the human design. Our propensity to suffer from lower back pain, obesity, varicose veins, acne, even infant death syndrome, is essentially the result of a cataclysmic event in our distant past. Scientists have long observed that our spines were not made for upright walking. Yet natural selection--the basic tenet of evolutionary theory--dictates that enduring changes to a species occur because of the need to adapt to changes in the environment. While thousands of working hours are lost each year to "bad backs," at some point long ago it must have been an advantage to walk on two legs. The most common theory is that we became bipedal while hunting on the African savannah, needing our arms free for weapons, using an upright stance to see enemies from afar. But as Morgan points out, animals need more speed on the savannah, both for pursuit and flight, than two legs can offer. Her explanation: bipedalism emerged from life in an aquatic environment due to the flooding of the African rift valley millennia ago. The apes that suddenly found themselves stranded in swamp land (a swamp that remained for thousands of years) had to walk upright to keep from drowning. The human tendency toward obesity was once not an unsightly health problem, but rather a lifesaving form of insulation, one present in all aquatic mammals. And as Morgan carefully considers all of our other uniquely human traits--our relative hairlessness, our ability to control our breathing, our inability to maintain proper salt levels--a compelling case emerges for our human origins in a watery environment. Lively, controversial, and presented with a brilliant logic, The Scars of Evolution will change the way you think about the world--and our place in it.
Structure and Dynamics of Neutral and Charged Polymer Solutions: Effects of Long-Range Interactions
Authors: Dünweg Burkhard , Stevens Mark , Kremer Kurt
Published: November 2023

The physics of polymer solutions has been subject to vast development over the last 20 years. The introduction of the scaling concept by DeGennes marked the beginning of a new era of polymer theory. In contrast to the earlier mean field methods, the scaling theory allowed one to successfully treat the spacially short-ranged interactions which are mediated by a long range chemical interaction, the backbone of the chain.
Molecular Dynamics of Glassy Polymers
Authors: Clarke Julian H R
Published: November 2023

Over the past fifty years or so there has built up a considerable understanding of polymer behavior based on the use of highly simplified models; other chapters in this book exemplify recent progress made in this area. So why bother with this atomistic modeling? The reason is that there is an important limitation of the simplified (sometimes referred to as “coarse-grain”) models in that they do not provide a direct connection between monomer level structure and bulk properties. Atomistic level simulations offer new opportunities for making such predictions ab initio. Using only a knowledge of interatomic forces together with the assumptions of classical mechanics it is possible, at least in principle, to give a complete atomic-level description of a polymer system. The emergence of these modeling studies is particularly timely in view of very recent developments in experimental techniques for detailed investigation of polymer dynamics, such as multidimensional NMR and inelastic neutron scattering.
Monte Carlo Studies of Polymer Blends and Block Copolymer Thermodynamics
Authors: Binder Kurt
Published: November 2023

For mixtures of simple fluids, it is now possible to simulate phase behavior taking into account full atomistic detail with chemically realistic forces. Apart from the region near a critical point, it suffices to simulate small boxes containing atoms or molecules in the order of 10 in the respective Monte Carlo or molecular dynamics methods—both of them methods which have been well developed.
A Crisis of Meaning
Authors: Schwartzberg Steven
Published: November 2023

In June 1981, the weekly newsletter of the Centers for Disease Control noted an unusual medical occurrence. In the previous six months, five young gay men in Los Angeles had all been diagnosed with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)—a rare disease, virtually unseen in young American men. Two had died. The blurb ran on the newsletter’s second page, followed by a long article on alcohol consumption in Utah.

Nothing akin to the Los Angeles oddity was mentioned again for several weeks. But slowly, new and equally puzzling reports dribbled in. From New York City: twenty cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma, a rare skin cancer, usually found in elderly men of Mediterranean descent. From Los Angeles: six more cases of Kaposi’s, and a few new ones of PCP. From San Francisco: Kaposi’s sarcoma, PCP, and a smattering of other unusual maladies. Within one year, the CDC accumulated over 350 of these increasingly alarming reports. Six months later the number topped 1,000—almost all fatal, almost all among otherwise healthy gay men. Unnamed, mysterious, and unlike anything previously seen, the impossible seemed to be happening. An awful and fierce epidemic was taking shape.
Impassivity: Minimizing the Trauma
Authors: Schwartzberg Steven
Published: November 2023

For some men, HIV has neither transformed how they understand the world and themselves, nor robbed them of a once-viable framework and left them with nothing. It has not shaken their world to the core. They have not renounced old patterns, changed their relationships, or joined new groups. No hoopla, drama, despair, or conversion-type experience. These men say that HIV has had only minimal impact on their self-concepts or worldview, and the evidence of their lives supports this. For these men, HIV simply seems not to be that big a deal.

In the style of adaptation to HIV I call Impassivity, the profound and earth-shattering fact of HIV infection seems — well, not so profound or earth-shattering. Ron and Victor (described in Rupture) each bemoaned how AIDS had “changed everything:” Men with styles of Transformation and Camouflage speak similarly of AIDS’ massive impact. In contrast, some men are more apt to believe that AIDS has changed nothing, or only very little. Life is still life, the world is still the world, I am still myself. Their attitude seems to be, more than all else, one of surprising indifference.
Introduction
Authors: Mason H E
Published: November 2023

Moral conflict has long been recognized as a fundamental fact of moral life, but the full implications of the possibility of conflict within the moral consciousness of a conscientious person exhibited in a moral dilemma have only recently engaged moral philosophers. The perspicuous specification of a moral dilemma is a matter of philosophical controversy, but generally speaking, a person can be said to face a dilemma in a situation in which compelling moral considerations favor each of the courses of action open to him. Suppose that a person in a position of responsibility must decide how to respond to terrorists holding a number of hostages. If he deals with them, he may win the release of the hostages but encourage the practice; if he refuses to deal with them, he may risk the lives of the hostages. Or suppose that a military commander must either withdraw air support from an exposed unit under his command or risk substantial losses to the balance of his troops. Whatever he does he will bear some responsibility for the attendant loss of life, and he may in retrospect carry the burden of that responsibility whatever course of action he might have taken. Not all dilemmas are as dramatic as these. Dilemmas take many forms, arise in a wide variety of circumstances, and appear to arise in the context of widely differing moral and ideological systems.
Moral Conflict and Its Structure
Authors: Brink David O
Published: November 2023

It is commonly thought that there might be conflicts of obligations or moral dilemmas and that their existence would have serious implications for moral theory, metaethics, or deontic logic. Some alleged implications of moral dilemmas depend upon their frequency. On one such view, the fact that moral dilemmas are so common places severe constraints on the prospects for a systematic moral theory and on the possibility of moral knowledge. But a more common view is that something about the structure of a moral dilemma generates troublesome or paradoxical implications. On this view, the important question is whether there are or could be any moral dilemmas; their frequency is of little or, at most, secondary importance. Indeed, if we understand ‘moral dilemmas’ univocally in both contexts, then the question of their existence must be prior to the question of their frequency. In any case, I shall focus on this second, structural issue.

Before we debate whether there are moral dilemmas, we need to know what sort of conflict is necessary to produce trouble or paradox in ethical theory. In fact, it will be useful to reserve the expression ‘moral dilemma’ as a term of art that refers to conflicts with such consequences. When the nature of these conflicts and their consequences are clear, we can ask whether it is reasonable to suppose that there arc moral dilemmas.
Self Expressions
Authors: Flanagan Owen
Published: November 2023

Continuing the old philosophical project of reconciling a scientific view of ourselves with the view of ourselves as agents of free will and meaning, but bringing to this project the latest insights of neuroscience, cognitive science, and psychiatry, Flanagan’s collection of essays explores topics such as a scientific explanation of consciousness, the moral socialization of children, and the nature and issues of psychological phenomena such as multiple personality disorder and false memory syndrome.
Obrecht as Exegete: Reading Factor orbis as a Christmas Sermon
Authors: Bloxam M Jennifer
Published: November 2023

As its title suggests, this study dwells on analogies: analogies between com posers and theologians, between composing and preaching, between the medieval motet and the medieval sermon. Such comparisons are slippery things, sometimes obfuscating more than they illuminate. Why do we persist in drawing analogies? Sigmund Freud once wrote: “Analogies decide nothing, that is true, but they can make one feel more at home.” Freud’s observation captures the essence of this author’s motivation in attempting an analysis by analogy: the construction of analogies relating various expressions of medieval sensibilities (a kind of contextualization) is just one way in which we moderns seek to mediate the “alterity” of the medieval world-the essential otherness of the medieval mentality that precludes our ever experiencing the remnants of that culture as did its original audience. If we can detect a sympathetic resonance between a particularly abstruse medieval motet and ways of thinking and communicating peculiar to medieval people, then perhaps we can approach a step closer to “feeling at home” with this distant music.
In Defense of Americanism
Authors: Kammen Michael
Published: November 2023

Although writing about film and for radio occupied much of Seldes’ time during the 1930s and ‘40s, along with anticipating what might become of television, there was yet another aspect of his busy life that, in certain key respects, seems to have been something of an aberration. He became, along with some other prominent intellectuals, an intense chauvinist—almost jingoistic at times. He reversed or at least significantly altered positions that he had held for a long time, insisting, for example, that there could be such a thing as “good” propaganda; and he took some stands that would embarrass him years later. As he wrote to a close friend in 1959, referring to 1936–38, “I’m appalled at what I dared to write about in those days.”
Sexual Orientation and Gender: Dichotomizing Differences
Authors: Okin Susan Moller
Published: November 2023

Laws in the United States, as in many other countries, have had a significant impact on both the differential treatment of men and women, and the differential treatment of heterosexuals and of gay men and lesbians. Because of many changes during the last twenty-five years, explicit legal discrimination on the grounds of sex is now considerably less extensive than is legal discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation. But there are still many ways in which social, economic, and political structures and expectations, as well as some laws, privilege men over women, as well as heterosexual over homosexual persons. These are two of the many dimensions along which persons in our society are not afforded equal treatment--in which their different bodies or desires are made to affect considerably the ways in which and the extent to which they are able to be effective citizens and to lead personally fulfilling lives. The issue to be addressed here is not the privileging of heterosexual men per se, but the relationship between the two aspects of it-between sexism and heterosexism. Specifically, I argue that both the dichotomizing of masculine and feminine attributes, and the privileging of the former, are closely related to the stigmatization of homosexuality. Consequently, to the extent that a theory or social policy aims at reducing gender-by which I mean the social salience and institutionalization of sexual difference-it is also likely to reduce heterosexism.

In Justice, Gender, and the Family, I have argued for the greater justice of a future society.free.from gender-one in which, as I put it: “[i]n its social structures and practices, one’s sex is of no more social relevance than one’s eye color or the length of one’s toes....”2 One point of criticism of the book has come up a number of times: its supposed heterosexist bias.
Democratic Sex: Reynolds v. U.S., Sexual Relations, and Community
Authors: Rosenblum Nancy L
Published: November 2023

Democratic theory provides a distinctive vantage point on sexuality, one that rivals more familiar standpoints, such as popular morality and moral philosophy, religion, and the legal right to privacy. “Democratic sex” in my title is shorthand for the view that appropriately ordered intimate relations reinforce democracy. Preoccupied with the formative effects of sexuality on character and community, an increasing number of contemporary political theorists approach the legal regulation of sexual conduct and relations from the point of view of their congruence with democratic principles. Of course, religiously inspired accounts of the public interest in intimate relations have greater practical political force today, but they do not occupy the field alone. Democratic considerations, too, give sexuality a political face.
The Convergence of Characters
Authors: Reinhartz Adele
Published: November 2023

The Existence Of Clear Boundaries between one person and another underlies the very notion of personal identity. Although the absence of the proper name does not rule out the presence of individuality, it potentially blurs the lines between characters upon which construction of identity depends. One example that we have already encountered concerns the identities of the prostitute-mothers in 1 Kings 3. Their anonymity prevents the reader from determining whether the living child is awarded to the plaintiff or to the defendant. The ambiguity created by the blurring of distinct identity creates uncertainty and challenges the reader’s tendency to impute stable character to biblical figures. Although uncertainty may create confusion, it may also be a valuable vantage point from which to interpret the story.
Humans
Authors: Zahavi Amotz Avishag
Published: November 2023

Human social life, like that of all other organisms, reflects the interaction of cooperation and competition among collaborators. We don’t mean to suggest that human social systems are not vastly more complex than those of animals. Still, we believe that the same principles guide both; the behavioral mechanisms that survive over generations are those that increase the number of the individual’s childbearing offspring. Thus, we will be guided by the Handicap Principle as we examine the logic behind mechanisms of social behavior and methods of communication among humans.
Experiments Perilous: The Ethics of Research with Human Subjects
Authors: Jonsen Albert R
Published: November 2023

The conferences of the 1960s discussed ethical and moral issues (rarely defining these two terms) in lengthy agendas. Speakers touched on many topics, often only to express concern, seldom to define, analyze, or resolve them. The more structured discourse of the centers and commissions brought sharper definition to the issues. The lengthy agenda was abbreviated to five topics that received extensive and concentrated attention during the first decades of bioethics. The next five chapters survey these five topics: research with human subjects, genetics, organ transplantation, death and dying, and reproduction. We shall situate each topic in its historical context and review its treatment in bioethical discourse.
Context, Continuity, and Fairness
Authors: Ripstein Arthur
Published: November 2023

Defenders of nationalism have claimed at least three advantages to cultural membership. The first two are goods for individuals. First, membership in a secure culture provides a sufficiently familiar moral space within which people can develop a rich and varied range of conceptions of the good. Second, it offers support for or confirmation of certain views of the good by placing them in a larger history. The third advantage is a good for societies: cultural membership is sometimes said to make justice possible by making citizens see the sacrifices demanded by a state as expressions of who they are rather than arbitrary burdens.
Eroding Sovereignty
Authors: Shue Henry
Published: November 2023

Much argument about the sovereignty of states is made hopelessly simplistic by its generality. Should we recognize state sovereignty or not? Do states have too much sovereignty or just about the right amount? And so forth. In order to get a firm grasp, we must examine specific matters over which states could be permitted or denied sovereignty of specific kinds one at a time. Sovereignty is not some mystical cloud that either envelops the state entirely or dissipates completely; there are bits and pieces of asserted sovereignty. These assertions can be granted or contested one by one and accepted in this era and rejected in the next, or vice versa. Sovereignty should, I would think, be treated more like a (crazy) quilt that can be left to cover some things but pulled off of others.
The History of Scepticism
Authors: Popkin Richard H
Published: November 2023

This is the third edition of a classic book first published in 1960, which has sold thousands of copies in two paperback edition and has been translated into several foreign languages. Popkin’s work has generated innumerable citations, and remains a valuable stimulus to current historical research. In this updated version, he has revised and expanded throughout, and has added three new chapters, one on Savonarola, one on Henry More and Ralph Cudworth, and one on Pascal. This authoritative treatment of the theme of scepticism and its historical impact will appeal to scholars and students of early modern history now as much as ever.
Michel de Montaigne and the Nouveaux Pyrrhoniens
Authors: Popkin Richard H
Published: November 2023

Michel de Montaigne was the most significant figure in the sixteenth-century revival of ancient scepticism. Not only was he the best writer and thinker of those who were interested in the ideas of the Academics and Pyrrhonians, but he was also the one who felt most fully the impact of the Pyrrhonian arguments of complete doubt and its relevance to the religious debates of the time. Montaigne was simultaneously a creature of the Renaissance and the Reformation. He was a thoroughgoing humanist, with a vast interest in, and concern with, the ideas and values of Greece and Rome and their application to the lives of men in the rapidly changing world of sixteenth-century France. He was alive, perhaps as no other contemporary, to the vital significance of the rediscovery and exploration of the “glory that was Greece and the grandeur that was Rome,” as well as to the discovery and exploration of the New World. In both of these newly found worlds Montaigne discerned the relativity of man’s intellectual, cultural, and social achievements, a relativity that was to undermine the whole concept of the nature of man and his place in the moral cosmos.
Pierre Bayle
Authors: Popkin Richard H
Published: November 2023

The culmination of sceptical critiques of philosophy and theology appeared in the writings of the last seventeenth-century sceptic, Pierre Bayle, a supersceptic who attacked a vast variety of theories and opinions in his many, many writings.

Pierre Bayle was born in 1647 in the tiny town of Carla (now Carla-Bayle), near the Spanish border south of Toulouse, where his father was a Protestant minister. He lived in the troubled atmosphere of the persecuted Huguenots, whose status as a powerful minority was being undermined by Louis XIV.

Throughout the seventeenth century, from the time of Richelieu’s capture of La Rochelle onward, Protestant power and rights were being eroded. The situation grew worse and worse in the second half of the century, with severe governmental pressure to force the Calvinists to convert to Catholicism, resulting in the closing of Protestant schools and churches and the quartering of unruly dragoons in Protestant homes and finally culminating in 1685 with the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, which withdrew all legal rights and privileges from the Protestant minority.
Elephants, Gods, and People The Interrelationship of Culture and Ecology
Authors: Sukumar Raman
Published: November 2023

By the end of the Pleistocene or last glaciation, about 10,000 years ago, the end was inevitable for a host of the larger mammal species, including the mammoths and the mastodons. Climate change and associated environmental change and “overkill” by humans are the most likely explanations for this extinction spasm toward the end of the last Ice Age. The Holocene thus dawned on prehistoric man with a highly impoverished megafauna over a substantial land area of the Northern Hemisphere as well as in the southern continents of Australia and South America. Exceptions to this extinction spasm were Africa and southern Asia.
Beloved A Spiritual
Authors: Holloway Karla F C
Published: November 2023

The literary and linguistic devices that can facilitate the revision of the historical and cultural texts of black women’s experiences have perhaps their most sustained illustration in Toni Morrison’s Beloved. Here, narrative structures have been consciously manipulated through a complicated interplay between the implicit orature of recovered and (re)membered events and the explicit structures of literature. The reclamation and revision of history function as both a thematic emphasis and textual methodology. The persistence of this revision is the significant strategic device of the narrative structures of the novel.
The Ghosts of Slavery Historical Recovery In Toni Morrison’s Beloved
Authors: Krumholz Linda
Published: November 2023

Toni Morrison’s Beloved reconceptualizes American history. Most apparent in the novel is the historical perspective: Morrison constructs history through the acts and consciousness of African-American slaves rather than through the perspective of the dominant white social classes. But historical methodology takes another vital shift in Beloved; history-making becomes a healing process for the characters, the reader, and the author.
Beloved Woman, Thy Name Is Demon
Authors: Harris Trudier
Published: November 2023

If we think of Toni Morrison’s work on a continuum from Sula (1974), where she begins the transformation of woman from human being to something other than human and where she experiments with sentience beyond death, through Tar Baby (1981), with its talking trees and butterflies, then Beloved (New York: Knopf, 1987), with its emphasis on the temporal transcendence of the grave, is a natural extension of those ideas. The ancient tree mothers who would claim Jadine as their sister by drowning her in tar if necessary are not so far removed from the single-mindedness of Beloved, who would kill Sethe as quickly as she would claim her as mother. In exploring the novel’s basis in folk traditions, some prevailing ideas about the female body, especially those grounded in myth and fear, are especially illuminating.
The Principle of Inclusiveness Establishing Priorities among Interests
Authors: Varner Gary E
Published: November 2023

THE SATISFACTION of interests constitutes a fundamental moral value, because to say that a being has interests is to say that it has a welfare, or good of its own, that matters from the moral point of view. So if an action would satisfy an interest, that is a prima facie reason for performing it. On the other hand, the dissatisfaction of interests constitutes a fundamental moral disvalue. So if what I do sets back the interests of some other being, that is a prima facie reason for not doing it.
Men’s Games, King’s Deer: Poaching in Medieval England
Authors: Hanawalt Barbara A
Published: November 2023

Poaching is a game-a dangerous, thrilling game of hide-and-seek that has changed little over time. Poachers’ boasting stories and newspaper accounts casually refer to poaching as play. In The News and Observer of Raleigh, North Carolina, for instance, an article on poaching comments that “in a way, it’s a game the officers and hunters play: Both know their territory intimately, and often they know each other.” A nineteenth-century poacher, a country man, filled a small book with stories of how he outsmarted both animals and gamekeepers. When an exasperated landowner finally allowed him to hunt, the poacher commented, “Now you’ve given me permission it won’t be half as much fun.” Historians have traditionally looked at poaching as a legal problem or, more recently, as a continuing battle in class warfare pitting hungry country men against the landholding class. While the spoils of poaching, particularly in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century England, did supplement poor men’s diets and the act of poaching did encourage explicit inter-class tensions, their significance is far more basic to men’s nature than a matter of simple economics. A poor man can put meat on the table by other means and can express class hostility through other avenues. The appeal of illegal hunting is that it is a manly game.
Apes, Language, and the Human Mind
Authors: Savage-Rumbaugh Sue , Shanker Stuart G , Taylor Talbot J
Published: November 2023

For more than twenty years, Sue Savage-Rumbaugh has been studying the linguistic and cognitive skills of a number of laboratory-reared primates. Recently, her work with Kanzi (a bonobo) has been acknowledged as having achieved a scientific breakthrough of stunning proportions: Kanzi has acquired linguistic and cognitive skills equal to those of a 2-1/2 year-old human child. Apes, Language and the Human Mind skillfully combines the exciting narrative regarding the Kanzi research with incisive critical analysis of the research's broader linguistic, psychological, and anthropological implications. Sure to be controversial, this exciting new volume offers a radical revision of the sciences of language and mind.
Calling Back The Spirit
Authors: Sutton R Anderson
Published: November 2023

Calling Back the Spirit describes how, in the face of Indonesian and foreign cultural pressures, the Makassarese people of South Sulawesi are defending their local spirit through music and dance. The book examines the ways performers in this corner of Indonesia seek to empower local music and dance in a changing environment.
Whitman the Political Poet
Authors: Erkkila Betsy
Published: November 2023

Recent critical studies have emphasized the formal, mystical, and psychological dimensions of Walt Whitman’s art, dwelling mainly upon his Emerson Ian and Transcendental sources. This study is the first book to undertake a detailed analysis of Whitman’s entire work in relation to the political struggles of the 19th century. Erkkila repairs the split between the private and the public, the personal and the political, the poet and history, that has in the past defined the analysis and evaluation of Whitman’s work. Her approach combines close reading and historicist analysis, examining his poems as both products and agents of the political culture of his time. Among the topics explored are the ways in which the politics of race, class, gender, capital, technology, western expansion, and war enter into the poetic design of “Leaves of Grass”; the relation between Whitman’s (homo)sexual body and the body politic of his poems; and the ways in which the Civil War and its aftermath affected Whitman’s artistic ordering and reordering of his work.
Pardons
Authors: Moore Kathleen Dean
Published: November 2023

In Pardons, Kathleen Dean Moore addresses a host of crucial questions surrounding acts of clemency, including what justifies pardoning power, who should be pardoned, and the definition of an unforgivable crime. Illustrating her arguments with rich and fascinating historical examples-some scandalous or funny, others inspiring or tragic-Moore examines the philosophy of pardons from King James II’s practice of selling pardons for two shillings, through the debates of the Founding Fathers over pardoning power, to the record low number of pardons during recent U. S. administrations. Carefully analyzing the moral justification of clemency, Moore focuses on presidential pardons, revealing that over and over again-after the Civil War, after Prohibition, after the Vietnam War, and after Watergate-controversies about pardons have arisen at times when circumstances have prevented people from thinking dispassionately about them. Her groundbreaking study concludes with recommendations for the reform of presidential pardoning practices.
The Magic Lantern
Authors: Cuellar Jose Tomas De , Carson Margaret , Glantz Margo
Published: November 2023

José Tomas de Cuéllar (1830-1894) was a Mexican writer noted for his sharp sense of humor and gift for caricature. Having a Ball and Christmas Eve are two novellas written in the costumbrista style, made popular in the mid-nineteenth century by the periodical press in which these sketches of contemporary manners were first published. The stories are a sensitive reflection of the effects of modernization brought by an authoritarian regime dedicated to order and progress. Christmas Eve describes a volatile middle class in which people pursue pleasure and entertainment without regard to morality. Having a Ball depicts women and their dedication to fashion. It is through them that Cuellar examines a society susceptible to foreign values, the importation of which radically altered the face of Mexico and its traditional customs.